; 1
^^b(J^
\,^'
DUNGLISON'S
MEDICAL DICTIONARY.
FIFTEENTH EDITION.
WORKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
I. (Just Issukd.)
HUMAN PHY8J0L0GY:
EIGHTH EDITION, REVISED,
III two large and handsome octavo volumes
lu preparing the present edition, "no pains
have been spared to make the work a complete
expression of the science of the day." This
statement our own examination of the work en-
ables us to confirm ; every page of it testifying
to the author's industry in culling from various
quarters and sources all that was valuable in the
physiological contributions to science of the last
few years. The careful and scrutinizing spirit
exhibited by the writer when investigating mooted
questions, the extensive information he possesses
MODIFIED, AND ENLARGED,
, of about 1500 pages; leather, price, $7.
of general science in almost every department,
and the clear and happy style in which he pre-
sents his views, render his Physiology one of the
most reliable and attractive works in our language.
To the practitioner and general reader, we can
heartily recommend it as an excellent r6suui6 of
the present state of physiological science. As a
text-book for the student, we think it has no su-
perior in our language, and for this object we
presume it was chiefly, if not expressly written, —
Med. Examiner, Oct., 1856.
II. (Now Ready, July, 185 7,)
GENEIUL THERAPEUTICS AND MATERIA MEDIC A:
ADAPTED FOR A MKDICAD TEXT-BOOK.
WITH ABOUT TWO HUNDRED ILLUSTRATIONS
SIXTH EDITION, REVISED AND IMPROVED.
In two very harulsome octavo volumes, of abmit WOO pages ; leather, price $6.
The most complete and satisfactory exponent
of the existing state of Therapeutical Science,
within the moderate limits of a text- book, of any
hitherto published. What gives the work a su-
perior value, in our judgment, is the happy blend-
ing of Therapeutics and Materia Medica, as they
are or ought to be taught in all our Medical
schools; going no further into the nature and
commercial history of drugs than is indispensable
for the medical student. This gives to the treatise
a clinical and practical character, calculated to
benefit, in the highest degree, both students and
practitioners. We shall adopt it as a text-book
for our classes, while pursuing this branch of
medicine, and shall be happy to learn that it has
been adopted as such in all of our medical insti-
tutions.— The N. Y. Journal of Jledicine.
III. (Just Issued.)
NEW REMEDIES:
WITH lOlUIUl* FOE THEIR PREPARATION AND AMINISTKATION.
Seventli Edition, with extensive Additions.
In one very large octavo volume, of 110 pages ; leather, $3.75,
space the novelties and discoveries of the age.
The present edition of this work is considorablj'
enlarged and improved. The author, with his
accustomed accuracy, has elaborated and amplified
many of the articles but casually or imperfectly
treated of in the former editions ; and he has also
added considerably to the list of new remedies.
About thirty new agents, or novel applications
of old remedies, are introduced to the notice of the
reader in this edition. — Va. Med. and Sura. Jour.,
Sept., 1856.
It may be considered almost a work of super-
erogation to enter into an elaborate criticism of a
work which has reached its seventh edition. The
public has pronounced, in the most authoritative
manner, its verdict, and we are certainly not dis-
posed in the present instance to dispute its de-
cision. In truth, such books as this will always
be favorably received by the Profession of our
country. They are labor-saving productions,
which, at the expense of much research and
reading to the author, condense in a convenient
IV.
THE PRACTICE OF MEDICINE.
A TREATISE ON SPECIAL PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS.
THIRD AND REVISED EDITION,
In ttco large octavo volumes, of about 1500 pages ; leather, $6.25.
The student of medicine will find in these two
elegant volumes a mine of facts, a gathering of
precepts and advice from the world of experience,
that will nerve him with courage, and faithfully
direct him in his efforts to relieve the physical suf-
ferings of the race. — Boston Med. and ,Siirn. Jour.
BLANCHARD AND LEA, PHILADELPHIA.
MEDICAL LEXIGOK.
DICTIONARY
' MEDICAL SCIENCE;
CONTAINING
A CONCISE EXPLANATION OF THE VARIOUS SUBJECTS AND TERMS OF ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY,
PATHOLOGY, HYGIENE, THERAPEUTICS, PHARMACOLOGY, PHARMACY, SURGERY, OB-
STETRICS, MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE, DENTISTRY, Etc.; NOTICES OF CLI-
MATE, AND OF MINERAL WATERS; FORMULiE FOR OFFICINAL,
EMPIRICAL, AND DIETETIC PREPARATIONS, Etc.;
FRENCH AND OTHER SYNONYMES.
KOBLEY DUNGLISON, M.D., LL.D.,
PROFESSOR OP THE INSTITUTES OP MEDICINE, ETC.,
IN THE J EPPERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE
OF PHILADELPHIA.
REVISED AND VEKY GREATLY ENLARGED.
*'-:ifONaeNEHAL'SUFFlCE I
Dt.^ 2—1901
PHILADELPHIA:
BLANCHARD AND LEA.
1857.
W
1557
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1857, by
BLANC HARD AND LEA,
in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.
COLLINS, PRINTER.
PREFACE.
On this new edition of his ''Medical Lexicon,^^ the author has bestowed
more than usual labour. It is not more than four years since a friendly re-
viewer, in one of the most learned of European medical periodicals, (the
"British and Foreign Iledico-Chirurgical Beview" ior Ju\j, 1853, p. 205,)
in noticing a former edition, remarked, that the labd^ir which had been bestowed
upon the work had "been something prodigious;" adding — "the work, how-
ever, has been now done, and we are happy in the thought, that no human
being will have again to undertake the same gigantic task. Revised and
corrected from time to time, Dr. Dunglison's 'Medical Lexicon' will last for
centuries."
Yet, in the present edition, not only has the work been "revised and cor-
rected," but about six thousand subjects and terms have been added, which are
not to be found in the one noticed by the "British and Foreign.'' Many of
these have been introduced into medical terminology in consequence of the
progress of the science ; whilst others had escaped the author in the previous
editions. These additions have necessarily required a great amount of labour,
which — as on every former occasion of the kind — has been cheerfully bestowed,
in order that the work might be rendered still more worthy of the vast favour
which it has experienced. It has ever been the anxious desire of the author to
make it a satisfactory and desirable — if not indispensable — lexicon, in which the
student may search without disappointment for every term that has been legiti-
mated in the nomenclature of the science ; and the present very carefully
revised, greatly enlarged, and accurately printed edition cannot fail to be more
extensively useful, and to offer stronger claims to the attention of the practi-
tioner and student, than any of its predecessors.
The author is grateful for the opportunity again afforded him of expressing
his acknowledgments for the reception which the Dictionary has met with
everywhere from the profession.
ROBLEY DUNGLISON.
Philadelphia, 1116 Gibard St.
July, 1857.
(5)
EXPLANATION.
If the simple synonymy of any term be needed, a mere reference to the term
may be sufficient ; but if farther information be desired, it may be obtained under
the term referred to. For example, the French word Tronc is said to be
synonymous with Trunk. This may be sufficient for the inquirer : should it
not, the requisite information may be found by turning to Trunk.
ABBREYIATIONS ARBITRARILY EMPLOYED.
Arab.
Arabic.
P.
Portuguese.
Ch.
Chaussier.
Ph. D.
Pharmacopoeia
of Dublin.
D.
Dutch.
Ph. E.
((
Edinburgli.
Da.
Danish.
Ph. L.
<(
London.
E.
English.
Ph. P.
<(
Paris.
F.
French.
Ph. U. S
((
of the Uni-
F. or
Fah.
Fahrenheit.
ted States
Fam.
Family.
ofAmerica.
G.
German.
PI.
Plural.
Heb.
Hebrew.
Prov.
Provincial.
I.
Italian,
R.
Reaumur.
Imp.
meas.
Imperial measure.
S.
Spanish.
Ir.
Irish.
S.g.
Specific Gravity.
L.
Latin.
Sax.
Anglo-Saxon.
Linn.
Linnaeus.
Sc.
Scottish.
Nat.
Ord.
Natural Order.
Sex. Syst
. Sexual Systea
I.
Old Eng.
Old English.
Sw.
Swedish.
Ord.
Order.
Yulg.
Yulgarly.
(T)
DICTIONARY
MEDICAL SCIENCE.
A.
ABBREVIATION
A, before a consonant; An before a vowel, a, av,
have, in the compound medical terms, a privative
or debasing signification, like that of the particles
in, im, uii, ir, in English. Thus: Sthcni'n means
strength; yts^AeHt'a, want of strength; AncBtnia,
want of blood, etc. Occasionally, in compound
words, they have an intensive meaning.
AACHEN, Aix-la-Chapelle.
A, or AA. See Abbreviation.
AANDE, Breath.
AARZHIL, MINERAL WATERS OP. A. is
in the canton of Berne, in Switzerland. The
chief spring contains chlorides of calcium and
sodium, sulphates of lime and soda, oxyd of
iron, and sulphohydric acid gas.
AASMUS, Anhelatio.
ABACH, MINERAL WATERS OF. A hydro-
sulphuretted saline spring not far from Ratisbon
or Regentsberg, in Bavaria.
ABAISSEMENT, Depression; a. de la Cata-
racte, see Cataract — a. de la Matrice, Prolapsus
uteri.
ABAISSEUB DE L'ATLE DU NEZ, De-
pressor alae nasi — a. de I'anglc des levres, De-
pressor anguli oris — a. de la levre inferieare,
Depressor labii inferioris — a. de la langiie, Gios-
socatochus — a. de la machoire inferieure, Digas-
tricus — a. de l'a:il, Rectus inferior oeuli.
ABALIENATIO MENTIS, Insanity.
ABALIENA'TUS. Con-uj/tus, Corrupted; from
ah, and alienus, 'different.' llembra abaliena'ta.
Limbs dead or benumbed. — Celsus, Scribonius
Largus.
ABANGA. Name given by the inhabitants of
St. Thomas to the fruit of a palm tree, the seeds
of which they consider very useful in diseases
of the chest, in the dose of three or four, two or
three times a day.
ABAPTIST' A. Abaph's'tonoTAbaptis'tum, from,
a, privative, and ffanTi^iiv, 'to plunge.' A term
applied to the old trepan, the conical shape of
which prevented it from plunging suddenly into
the cavity of the cranium.
ABAPTISTON, Abaptista.
ABAPTISTUM, Abaptista.
ABAREMO-TEMO. A Brazilian tree, which
grows in the monntains, and appears to bo a
mimosa. Piso relates that the decoction of its
bark, which is bitter and astringent, was applied
in that country to ulcers of a bad character.
ABARNAIIAS. Magnesia.
ABARTICULATIO, Diarthrosis, and Synar-
throsis.
A HA TA IWrSSE.UENT, Degeneration.
ADA TTEMEXT, Pro.^tration.
ABATTIS, Giblets.
ABBECOURT, MINERAL WATERS OF. A
chalybeate spring, six leagues from Paris, and
one from Poissy. It was once much frequented,
but is now abandoned.
ABBEVILLE, MINERAL WATERS OF. An
acidulous chalybeate at Abbeville, in the depart-
ment of Somme, France.
ABBREVIA'TION, Abbrevia'tio, Brachyn'sh,
Brachys'mos, Abbreviatu'ra. (F.) Abreviation,
from brevis, 'short.' Abbreviations are chiefly
used in medicinal formula;. They are by no
means as frequently employed now as of old,
when every article had its appropriate symbol.
The following are some of the abbreviations
which have been or are employed :
R. Recipe, Take.
A. AA, ANA, (ava) utriusqiie, of each.
Abdom. Abdomen.
Abs. Febr. Abse?ite febre, In the absence of
fever.
Ad. or Add. Adde or addatur.
Ad. Lib. Ad libitum, At pleasure.
Admov. Admoveatur, Let it be applied.
Altern. Hor. Alteniis horis. Every other hour.
Alv. Adstrict. Alvo adstrictd, The bowels
being confined.
Aq. Aqua, Water.
Aq. Bull. Aqua bulliena, Boiling water.
Aq. Comm. Aqua comiuHiiin, Common water.
Aq. Ferv. Aqua fervene, Hot water.
Aq. Font. Aqua /otitis. Spring water.
Aq. Marin. Aqua marina. Sea water.
B. a. Balneum arena, A sand-bath.
Bals. Balsamum, Balsam.
BB. BEDS. Barbadensis, Barbadoes.
Bib. Bibe, Drink.
Bis IND. Big indies. Twice daily.
B. M. Balneum maricB, (F.) Bain marie, A water
bath.
BoL. Bolus.
Bull. Bulliat, Let it boil.
But. Butyrum, Butter.
B. V. Balneum vaporis, A vapour bath.
C. Congius, A gallon.
CyERUL. Cwruleus, Blue.
Cap. Capiat, Let him take.
C. C. Comu cervi, Hartshorn.
C. C. U. Comu cerri tistuni. Burnt hartshorn.
C. M. Cras mane, To-morrow morning.
C. N. Cras nocte. To-morrow night.
C. V. Cms vesperc. To-morrow evening.
CoCHL. Cochleare, A spoonful.
CocHL. Ampl. Cochleare amplum, A large
spoonful.
(17)
ABBREVIATION
18 ABBREVIATION
CoCHL. Inp. Cochleare infantum, A child's
spoonful.
CocHL. Mod. or Med. Cochleare modicum or
medium, A dessert-spoonful.
CocHL. Parv. Cochleare purvum, A tea-spoonful.
Col. Cola, and Colaturce, Strain, and to the
strained.
Com P. Compositus, Compound.
CoNF. Confectio, Confection.
Cons. Conserva, Conserve.
Cost. Contimtetur, Let it be continued.
CoQ. Coque, Boil.
CoRT. Cortex, Bark.
Crast. Cra«tliius, For to-morrow.
Ci'.T. CiiJHH, Of which.
Ci'.irsL. Ciijuslibet, Of any.
Cyaih. Ci/iithus, A glassful.
Cyath. Thk/E, A cup of tea.
D. Dosis, A dose.
D. et S. Detur et signetur [placed at the end
of a prescription).
D. D. Detur ad. Let it be given in or to.
Deaur. Pil. Deauretur pilula. Let the pill be
gilded.
Deb. Spiss. Dehita spissitudo, A due consist-
ence.
Dec. Decanta, Pour off.
Decub. Decubitui, Lying down, going to bed.
De D. in D. De die in diem. From day to day,
Dbj. Alv. Dejecllones ah'i, Alvine evacuations,
Dep. Depnrntus, Purified.
Dest. DestiUn, Distil.
Det. Detur, Let it be given.
DiEB. Altern. Diebus (ilternls. Every otherday
Dieb. Tert. DiebuH tertiis, Every third day.
Dig. Diijeratur. Let it be digested.
DiL. Dilutuu, Dilute.
Dim. Dimldiux, One-half.
DiV. Divide, Divide.
DoNEC Alv. Solut. Fuer. Donee alvua soluta
fuerit, Until the bowels are opened.
DrACII. Drachma, A drachm.
E.iusD. Ejundem. Of the same.
Enem. Enema, A clyster.
ExHiB. Exhlbeatur, Let it be exhibited.
Ext. super Alut. Extende super alutam, Spread
upon leather.
F. Eiat, Let it be made.
F. PiL. Fiat plhila. Make into a pill.
F. Vex;es. or F. VS. Fiat venascctio. Let bleed-
ing be performed.
Feb. DtiR. i'VirerfHrn?;^?, The fever continninsr.
Fem. Intern. Femoribus internis, To the insidi
of the thighs.
Fist. Armat. Fistula nrmata, A bag and pipi
— a clyster pipe and bladder fitted for use.
Fl. Fluidus, and Flores, Fluid, and Flowers.
Trust. Frustil/ntim, In small pieces.
Gel. Quavis. Gelatina qudvis. In any kind of
jelly.
G. G. G. Gummi gutfcB GambicB, Gamboge.
Gr. Granum, A grain.
Gt. Gitttn, A drop. Gtt. Gutfce, Drops.
Gtt. or Gutt. Quibusd. Guttis quibusdam, With
some drops.
Gum. Gummi, Gum.
Guttat. Guttatim, By drops.
HoR. Decub. Hard decubitus. At bed-time.
HoR. Interm. Horia intermediis. At interme-
diate hours.
H. S. Hord somni. At bed-time.
Inf. Infunde, Infuse.
Ind. Indies, Daily.
Inj. ENEJf. Injiciatur enema. Let a clyster be
given.
In Pulw. In pulmento, In gruel.
Jul. Julepus, A julep.
Lat. Dol. Lateri dolcnti. To the pained side.
Lb. and Lib. Libra, A pound weight.
Lib. Llb. Libran, Pounds.
LiQ. Liquor.
M. Mifve, Mix.
Mac. Miuera, Macerate.
Man. Maniptlus, A handful.
Man. Prim. A'ane prima, Early in the morning.
Mic. Pan. Jfica panis. Crumb of broad.
MiN. Minimum, The 60th part of a drachm by
measure.
Mitt. Mitte, Send. . i ;i i
Mitt. Sang. iMittatur sanguis, Let blood be
drawn. . ,
Mod. Prescript. Modo prcesenjito, In tlic
manner directed.
MoR. Sol. More solito. In the usual manner.
Muc. MucHago, Mucilage.
N. M. Nux monchata, Nutmeg.
0. Octarius, A pint.
01. Oleum, Oil.
Ol. Lini, S. I. Oleum linisine igne, Cold-drawn
linseed oil.
Omn. Bid. Omni biduo, Every two days.
Omn. Bin. Omni blhorio. Every two hours.
Omn. Hor. Omni hord. Every hour.
Omn. Man. Omni mane, Every morning.
Omn. Noote, Every night.
Omn. Quadr. Hor. Omni quadrante horcs,
Every quarter of an hour.
0. 0. 0. Oleum oliccB optimum, Best olive oil.
Ov. Oiium, An egg.
Ox. Oxymel.
Oz. Uncia, An ounce.
P. Pondere, By weight, and Pars, A part.
P. and Pug. Pugillus, A pugil.
P. M. Partes cp.qualcs, E(|ual parts.
Part. Vic. Partitis vicibus, In divided doses.
Peract. Op. Emet. Peractd operalione emetii'i,
The operation of the emetic being over.
Pil. Pilula, A pill. Pil. or Pill. Pilula,
Pills.
Post. Sing. Sed. Lu). Post singv.lus scdes
liquidas, After every liquid evacuation.
Pot. Potio, A potion.
P. P. Pulris p<itrum, Jesuits' bark.
P. Rat. .^tat. Pro ratione cetatis. According
to the age.
P. R. N. Pro re natd, As occasion may be.
PuLV. Pulvis, A powder.
Q. P. Quantum pluceat. As much as may please.
Q. S. Quantum sufficit. As much as is sufEcient.
QuoR. Quorum, Of which.
Q. V. Quantum volueris, As much as you wish.
Rad. Radix, Root.
Ras. liasurcE. Shavings.
Eect. Rcctificatua, Rectified.
Red. or Redig. in Pulv. lledactus in pnlve-
rem, or liedigatur in pulverem, Powdered, or Let
it be powdered.
Reg. Umbil. Reyio umbilici. The umbilical
region.
Repet. Eepetatur, Let it be repeated.
S. A. Secundum artem, According to art.
Sem. Semen, Seed.
Semi-dr. Semi-drachma, half a drachm.
Semi-h. SKmi-hora, Half an hour.
Serv. Serva, Keep, preserve.
Sesquih. Scsquihora, An hour and a half.
Sesiinc. Sesunciri, An ounce and a half.
Si NoN Val. .SV nun valeat. If it does not answer.
Si Op. Sit. .SV opus sit, If there be need.
Si ViR. Perm. .S7iiVe»/»enHi'«a)if,If thestrcngtb
will permit.
Sing. Singulomm, Of each.
SoLV. S'dre, Dissolve.
§p. and Spir. Spirit us. Spirit.
Ss. Semi, One half.
St. Stet, Let it stand.
Sub Fin. Coot. Sub finem coctionis, Towards
the end of the boiling.
ABC^S
19
ABDUCTOR
Sum. Sumat, Let him take; also, Summitates,
Ihe tops.
S. V. Splritm villi, Spirit of wine.
S. V. R. Spiritua vini rectijicatus, Rectified
spirit of wine.
S.V.T.i'/xViVi/* Willi' <e/iM/or, Proof spiritof wine.
SvR. Sijrupns, Syrup.
Tkmp. Dext. Tempoti dextro, To the ri-^ht
temple.
T. 0. Tinctura opii, Tincture of opium.
Til., TiiA. and Tinct. Tiiu;tura, Tincture.
TiiiT. Trillin,, Triturate.
y. 0. S. or ViT. Ov. Sol. Vilello ovi soliUus,
Dissolved in the yolk of an egg.
VS. VeiKBHPctIo, Venesection.
Z.Z. Anciently myrrh: now zinziber or ginger.
tb, Libra, A pound, lib. Pounds.
5- Unc.in, An ounce.
f ,|, F/niduiicia, A fluidounce.
3- Drdchitm, A drachm.
*.^' t^l^iidfachiiui, A fiuidrachm.
f), Scriipiilum, A scruple.
■^K- Minimum, A minim.
ss, SemiiHin, or half; iss, one and a half.
j, one; ij, two; iij, three; iv, four, &c. See
Symbol.
The same system i.s not always followed in ab-
breviating. The subjoined will exhibit the usual
mode :
f5iss
f.^ss
gtt. xl. M.
R
Ill/us. Colomb.
Tinct. Gent, comp,
Si/r. Curt. Aiirant,
Tinct. Clips.
Capt. coch. ij. p. r. n.
This, written at length, is as follows :
Recipe
Infwti Colombo', sesqui-fluidunciam.
Tinctiir(B GentinntB OompoiilfB fluidrachmnm.
Si/rupi Corticia .4H)-tt)i(/ori«Hi semi-Quidraeh-
mam.
TinctitrcB Capsici guttas quadraginta.
Misce.
Capiat cochlearia duo pro re patS..
In the United Stiites the directions are always
written in English.
AnCJiS, Abscess — a. Aigu, see Abscess.
ABCES EN-ROUTONDE CHEMISE, Shirt-
button or Shirt-itnd Abscesa. A deep-seated mam-
mary abscess, following the septa of the breast,
and appearing under the skin, so as eventually to
give rise to one or more subcutaneous abscesses,
without losing the original character of submam-
mary suppuration. A cavity exists between the
integuments and the gland — another, larger, be-
tween the mamma and the chest — the two com-
municating by a passage, which is generally nar-
row— the whole having the e.xact appearance of a
shirt-stnd. — Velpeau.
ABCES CHAUD, see Abscess — a. Chroniqite,
see Abscess — a. pur Coni/eiiion, see Abscess —
a. Conaeculi/, Abscess, metastatic — a. Diathesi-
que, see Abscess — a. Froid, see Abscess — a. Me-
tnatntiqne. Abscess, metastatic — a. Retro-uterine,
see Retro-uterine — a. Scro/uleux, see Abscess — a.
Soudnin, see Abscess.
ABDO'MEN, from abdere, 'to conceal;' be-
cause it conceals the viscera; by some, fancifully
pre.sumeil to be from abdere, ' to conceal,' and
omentum, ' the caul.' From abdo is formed ahdo-
meii, as from lei/o, lei/iimen. Etron, ffi/poi/aa'trion,
J'hi/ace, Hypocie'linm, Epia'chion, Lup'aru, IIi/-
pochoi'iion, Gnater, Hi/poti'trion, Nedya, Neia'rn,
Nei'ra, Abdn' men. Venter, Venter imiia, Venter
in'fimua, Aloua, IPterna, The belly, (Sc.) Eyte,
Penche, Wciim. (Prov.) Daiji/ie, //'/_«/, Wiiii, Poo/,;
(¥.) Ventre, V. in/erieur, Bna ventre. The larg-
est of the throe splanchnic cavities, bounded,
above, by the diaphragm ; below, by the pelvis ;
behind, by the lumbar vertebrse ; and at the side*
and fore part, by muscular expansions. It is dis-
tinguished into three anterior regions, from above
to below; viz. the epigastric, umbilical, and hypo-
jgastric, each of which is itself divided into three
others, one middle, and two lateral: thus, the
e/iiffoatric rer/ion comprises the epiijnatrium and
hypochondria ; the uinbilical, the uinbilicna and
Jianka or lumbar ret/iona ; and the hyporpistric,
the hypofjaatriuni and iliac reyiona. None of
these regions has its limits well defined. The
chief viscera contained in the cavity of the abdo-
men, Cie'lia, Cavum Abdom'inis, are the stomach,
intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, &c.
It is lined by the peritoneum.
Abdomen, Pendulous, Physconia.
ABDOM'INAL, Ahdomina'lia, Ventra'lia, Ven-
tral. That which belongs to the Abdomen, as
abdominal muaclea, abdominal viacera, &c.
ABDOMINIS EXPLORATIO, Abdominos-
copia.
ABDOMINOSCOP'IA, Gaatroscnp'ia, Lapa-
roacop'la, Abdom'iiiia Explora'tio. Abdom'inoa.
copy. A hybrid word, from abdomen, 'the lower
belly,' and aKomoi, ' I view.' Examination of the
lower belly as a means of diagnosis. See Aus-
cultation.
ABDOM'INOUS, Ventrio'ana, Ventro'sua, from
abdomen, 'the belly.' Biij- bellied, Big-jyaunched,
Ventrip'oteut. Having a large abdomen.
ABDUCENS LABIORUM, Levatoranguli oris.
ABDUCENTES, Motor oculi externus.
ABDUCTEUH DE L'iElL, Rectus externus
oculi — a. de I'oreiUe, Al)duetor auris — a. du
gros orteil, Abductor pollicis pedis — a. du petit
orteil, Abductor minimi digiti pedis — a. court da
Tjoiice, Abductor pollicis brevis — a. longdupouce,
Abductor longus pollicis.
ABDUCTION, Abduc'tio, from abdncere, to
separate, (ab and ducere, 'to lead.') The move-
ment which separates a limb or other part from
the axis of the body.
The word has also been used synonymously
with Abrup'tio, Apag'ma, Apoclaa'ma, a fracture
near the articular extremity of a bone, with sepa-
ration of the fragments.
ABDUCTOR, same etymon. (F.) Abducteur.
A muscle which moves certain parts by separat-
ing them from the axis of the body.
Abductor Auricularis, Abductor auris — a.
Indicis pedis, Prior indicis pedis, Posterior indicia
pedis — a. Medii digiti pedis. Prior medii digiti
pedis — a. Minimi digiti. Flexor parvus minimi
digiti — a. Minimi digiti. Prior minimi digiti — a.
Oculi, Rectus externus oculi — a. Pollicis manfls,
and a. Brevis alter, Abductor pollicis brevis.
Abductor Auris, Abductor auricula' ria. (F.)
Abducteilr de I'oreiUe. A portion of the posterior
auria, whose existence is not constant, which
pa.«ses from the mastoid process to the concha.
Abductor In'dicis, Semi-interoa'aeus in'dicia.
A muscle which arises from the os trapezium and
metacarpal bone of the thumb, and is inserted
into the first bone of the forefinger. Its use is to
bring the forefinger towards the thumb.
Abductor Min'imi DiG"iTr, Carpo-phalan'geua
min'imi digiti, Carpo-jihalungien du petit doigt,
Extcn'aor ter'tii interno'dii minimi digiti — (Dou-
glas.) Hypoth'enar minor nietacarpeus. See
Flexor parvus. It originates, fleshy, from the os
pisiforme, and from the annular ligament near
it: and is inserted, tendinous, into the inner side
of the base of the first bone of the little finger.
Uae, to draw the little finger from the rest.
Abductor Minimi Digiti Pedis, Calco-sub-
phalangena minimi digiti, Calcaneo-phalangien
dii petit orteil, Parath'enar major — (By Wins-
low, the muscle is divided into two portions, — •
ABDUMEN
20
ABOMASUS
Parathenar major and metaUtrseus.) Calcaueo-
toua-phalangien du petit orteil — (Ch.) (F.) -46-
ducteur dn petit orteil. This muscle forms the
outer margin of the sole of the foot, and is im-
mediately beneath the plantar aponeurosis. It
arises, tendinous and fleshy, from the outer side
of the protuberance of the os calcis, and from
the root of the metatarsal bone of the little toe,
and is inserted into the outer part of the root of
the first bone of the little toe. Use, to draw the
little toe outwards.
Abductor Pol'licis Brevis, Abductor Polli-
cia Mau&8, Scapho-carpo-siiper-phalaticfeus Pol-
licis, Sus-phalangien du ponce, A. pollicia manna
and A. brevis alter — (Albinus.) (F.) Abductenr
court dn ponce, Carpo-sus-phalangien da ponce —
(Ch.) A short, flat, triangular muscle, which arises
from the anterior surface of the os scaphoides and
the annular ligament of the carpus, and termi-
nates at the outside of the upper extremity of
the first phalanx of the thumb. A particular por-
tion, on the inner side of this muscle, is called, by
Albinus, Abductor brevis alter.
Abductor Longus Pollicis, A. I. P. llanos.
Extensor osais metacorpi pollicia man&a, Ejctensor
primi internodii — (Douglas,) Extenaor primua
Pollicia, Cubito-radi-aua-metacarpien du ponce,
Cubito-Rua-metacarpien du ponce, — (Ch.) (F.)
Abducteur long du ponce. A long, thin muscle,
arising from the posterior surface of the ulna,
radius, and interosseous ligament, and inserted at
the outer side of the upper extremity of the first
metacarpal bone.
Abductor Pollicis Pedis, Calco-aub-phnlnn-
geua Pol'licis. (F.) Abducteur du gros orteil.
This muscle arises, fleshy, from the anterior and
inner part of the protuberance of the os calcis,
and tendinous from the same bone where it joins
•with the OS naviculare. It is inserted, tendinous,
into the internal os sesamoideum and root of the
first bone of the great toe. Use, to pull the great
toe from the rest.
The name Abductor has been given also to all
those interosseous muscles of the hand and foot,
which perform the motion of abduction on the
fingers or toes, and to muscles which execute the
same function on other parts of the body.
ABDUMEN, Abdomen.
ABEB^'OS, from a, neg., and PcPaio;, 'firm,'
Infir'mva, Beb'ilia. Weak, infirm, unsteady.
ABEILLE, Bee.
ABELMELUCH. One of the names of the Rici-
nus, according to some authors. — Prosper Alpinus
says that a tree, which grows about Mecca, is so
called. Its seeds, which are black and oblong,
are said to be a most violent cathartic.
ABELMOSCHUS, Hibiscus abelmoschus — a.
Moschatus, Hibiscus abelmoschus.
ABELMUSK, Hibiscus abelmoschus.
ABENSBERG, MINERAL WATERS OF. A.
is a city of Bavaria, where there is a cold, sul-
phureous spring.
ABERRATIO, Aberration — a. Lactis, Galac-
toplania — a. Mensium, Menstruation, vicarious —
a. Menstruorum, Menstruation, vicarious.
ABERRA'TION, Aberra'tio, from aberrare,
(ab and errare,) 'to stray,' 'to wander from.'
This word has several meanings.
1. The passage of a fluid of the living body
into an order of vessels not destined for it. In
this sense it is synonymous with the Error Loci
of Boerhaave.
2. The flow of a fluid towards an organ different
from that to which it is ordinarily directed ; as in
cases of vicarious hemorrhage. Aberrations of
aenae m judgment are certain errors in the percep-
tions, or certain derangements of the intellectual
faculties.
The word is used in optics to designate the
dispersion of the rays of light in passing through
a lens.
AnERRATioy, Chromatic, Aberration of Re-
frangibility.
Abehuation of Refrangibil'ity, Vhromat'ic
aberra'tion, (F.) Aberration de liefrungibilite,
Chromatisme, exists, when, as in a common lens,
the rays that pass near the circumference of the
lens are decomposed, so that a coloured image is
observed. This aberration in the human eye is
corrected by the iris, which does not permit the
rays to fall near the circumference of the lens,
and also by the crystalline lens itself, which,
owing to its structure, serves the purposes of an
achromatic glass.
Aberration, Spherical, Aberration of sphe-
ricity.
Aberration of Spheric"ity or spher'ical ab-
erra'tion takes place, when the rays, as in a com-
mon lens, which pass through the centre of the
lens, and those which pass near the circumfer-
ence, are unequally refracted, so that they do not
meet at a common focus.
This aberration of sphericity in the human cyo
is corrected by the iris and lens.
ABESSI, Realgar.
ABEVACUA'TIO, Apoceno'sis, from ab, and
evacnare, ' to empty.' An evacuation. A partial
or imperfect evacuation. By some it is applied
to an immoderate evacution. — Kraus.
ABIIAL. A fruit well known in India, and
obtained from a species of cypress. It passes for
an emmenagogue.
ABIES, Pinus picea — a. Balsamea, Pinus bal-
sam ea.
Abies Balsamifera, Pinus Balsamea — a. Ca-
nadensis, Pinus Canadensis — a. Excelsa, see Pinus
abies — a. Gallica, Pinus picea — a. Larix, Pinus
larix — a. Peotinata, Pinus picea — a. Picea, Pinus
picea — a. Rubra, Pinus rubra.
ABIGA, Teucrium Chamaepitys.
ABIOSIS, Death.
ABIOTOS, Conium maculatum.
ABIRRITA'TION,^6i>rV<a'<io,frora a6, priva-
tive, and irritatio, ' irritation.' This word strictly
means absence or defect of irritation. The disci-
ples of Broussais used it to indicate a pathological
condition, opposite to that of irritation. It may
be considered as synonymous with debility, as-
thenia, <fec.
ABLACTATIO, Weaning.
ABLASTES, Sterile.
ABLATIO, Extirpation.
ABLEPH'ARUS, from a, privative, and jSXe-
(papov, ' eyelid.' One who has no eyelids.
ABLEPSIA, Cseeitas.
ABLUENTIA, Detergents.
ABLUENTS, Detergents.
ABLUTION, Abln'tio, Aponip'aia, Cataclya'-
mua, from abluere, {ab and luere,) ' to wash.' A
name given to legal ceremonies in which the
body is subjected to particular affusions. Ablu-
tion (especially of the extremities) with cold or
tepid water is employed, therapeutically, to re-
duce febrile heat. Also, the washing by which
medicines are separated from the extraneous
matters mixed with them.
ABNORMAL, Abnormous.
ABNORMITY, Anomalia.
ABNOR'MOUS, Abnor'mia, Enor'mia, Abnor'-
mal, (F.) Anormal, from ab, 'from,' and norma,
'rule.' Not conformable to rule; irregular.
ABOLI"TION, AhoW'tio, destruction 'or sup-
pression, from ab and Inere (?) 'to wash.' A
word, often employed, especially by the French,
to express the complete suspension of any symp-
tom or function. Abolition of the aight, e. g. is the
complete lose of sight.
ABOMA'SUS, Aboma'sum, Enys'troti, Veniric'
ABOMINATIO
21 ABSCESS
t('»« intesthia'Us, Rennet, (Sc.) Roddildn, (F.)
CaiUette. The lowermost or fourth stomach of
ruminating animals.
ABOMINATIO, Disgust.
ABONDANUE, Plethora,
ABORSIO, Abortion.
ABORSUS, Abortion.
ABORTICIDIUM, Foeticide.
AIWUTIF, Abortive.
ABORTIFACIENS, Abortive.
ABORTION, Abor'tHs, Ahor'eua, Ahor'sio, Dys-
to cia (iborti'vrt, Oinoto'cin, Paracye'sis nbortus,
Amblo'via, AiiMo'mo, Amblos' miis, Ec'bole, Em-
bryotoc'ia, Biiiph'thora, Ectro'gis, Examblo' ma,
E.rnmb/o'nis, Ectroa'mo8, Apopal/e'm's, Apopal'sis,
Apo/jh'lhora, Phthora, Convul'sio u'ten, Deper-
di'tio.{F.) Avortement, ^/c«s)()-e, Miscarriage; from
ab and oriri, 'to rise,' applied to that which has
an'nen out of season. The expulsion of the foetus
before the seventh month of utero-gestation, or
■before it is viable. The causes of this accident
are referable either to the mother, and particu-
Ijtrly to the uterus ; or to the foetus and its de-
pendencies. The causes, in the mother, may be :
— extreme nervous susceptibility, great debility,
plethora, faulty conformation, <fec. ; and it is fre-
quently induced immediately by intense mental
emotion, violent exercise, <fcc. The causes seated
in the foetus are its death, rupture of the mem-
branes, &e. It most frequently occurs between
the 8th and 12th weeks of gestation. The symp-
toms of abortion are : — uterine hemorrhage with
or without flakes of decidua, with intermitting
pain. When abortion has once taken place, it is
extremely apt to recur in subsequent pregnancies
about the same period. Some writers have called
abortion, when it occurs prior to three months.
Effluxion. The treatment must vary according
to the constitution of the patient and the causes
giving rise to it. In all cases, the horizontal
posture and perfect quietude are indispensable.
Abortion is likewise applied to the product of
an untimely birth, — Aboi-'tiis, Abor'nus, Apoble'-
ma, Apob'ole, Ecblo'ma, Ainbluthrid' ion, Ectro'-
ma, Fi-uc'lus immatii'rus, Abortment, (F.) Avor-
ton, Aoortin.
TO ABORT, Abori'ri. To miscarry. (F.)
Avorter.
ABOR'TIVE, Aborti'vus, Ecbol'iua, Amblo'ti-
cua, Ainblothrid'ium, Ambol' icua, Phthor'ius, Apo-
phthnr'iua, Ectrot'icus, Abort i/a'ciena, Acyte'-
riiia, Ejcpel'lens, Phthiroc'toniia, Phthoroc'tonva,
Ecbol' Ikiis, Contrnc' tor u'teri, Aecel.era' tor Partxia,
Parturient, Parturi/a'cient, Ecbolic. (F.) Abor-
tif. A medicine to which is attributed the pro-
perty of causing abortion. There is probably no
direct agent of the kind.
ABORTMENT, Abortion.
ABORTUS, Abortion.
AnOUOHEMENT, Anastomosis.
ABOULAZA, a tree of Madagascar, used, ac-
cording to Flacourt, in the practice of the coun-
try, in diseases of the heart.
ADOUTISSEMENT, Suppuration.
ABOYEUSES, see Convulaionnaire.
ABRABAX, Abraanx, Abraxaa. A mystic
term, expressing the number 365, to which the
Cabalists attributed miraculous properties.
ABRACADA'BRA, Abraaada'brn, the name
of a Syrian idol, according to Selden. This
word, wiien pronounced and repeated in a certain
form and a certain number of times, was sup-
posed to have the power of curing fevers and
preventing many diseases. It was figured on
amulets and worn suspended around the neck.
D X 1 X 3 -I X
X n X 3 1 X
T X 3 1 X
X 3 -I X
3 -I X
1 X
X
ABRACALAN, A cabalistic term to which the
Jews attributed the same virtue as to the word
Abracadabra.
ABRASABRA, Abracadabra.
ABRASAX, Abrabax.
ABRA'SION, (Prov.) Fleck, Abra'aio, Apoayr'.
ma, Apoxya'mva, from abradere, (ab and radeie,)
' to rasp.' A superficial excoriation, with loss of
substance, under the form of small ahreds, in the
mucous membranes of the intestines, — (F.) Bn-
elurea dea Boyaux. Also an ulceration of the
skin, possessing similar characters. According
to Vicq d'Azyr, the word has been used for the
absorption of the molecules composing the various
organs.
ABRATHAN, Artemisia abrotanum.
ABRAXAS, Abrabax.
ABRE, Abrus precatorius.
ABREVFATJON, Abbreviation.
ABRICOT, see Prunus Armeniaca — a. Sau-
vage, Mammea Americana.
ABRICOTIER, Prunus Armeniaca.
ABROSIA, Abstinence.
ABROTANUM, Artemisia abrotanum — a.
Cathsum, Artemisia abrotanum — a. Mas, Arte-
misia abrotanum.
ABROTONE, Artemisia abrotanum.
ABROTONI'TES, (oivog, 'wine,' understood.)
Wine impregnated with Artemisia Abrotanum or
Southernwood.
ABROTONUM, Artemisia Abrotanum.
ABRUPTIO, Abduction.
ABRUS PRECATO'RIUS, (from a^poi, 'ele-
gant.') Liq'orice Buah, Red Bean, Love pea. (F.)
Abrc, Liane H rexjliaae. A small ornamental
shrub, found from Florida to Brazil, as well as in
Egypt and the West Indies,- N<it. Ord. Leguuii-
nosae. Sex. Syat. Monadelphia Enneandria; hav-
ing beautiful scarlet seeds with a black spot. The
roots and leaves are sweet mucilaginous demul-
cents. The seeds of the American kind are con-
ridered to be purgative and poisonous. They are
employed to form rosaries, and hence called, iu
mockery, Jumble beads.
ABSCESS, from abacedo, (aba, and cedere,) ' I
depart,' or 'separate from.' Abaces'aua, Abacea'-
aio, Aphiste'ais, Apoate'ma, Ecpye'ma, Ecpye'sia,
Recee'aua, Impoa'thnme, Gathering. (Old Eng.)
Apo3temacion,Apoat'hume. (Sc.) Hattrel. (Prov.)
CohI, Numpost, Pastime. (F.) Abcea, Depot. A
collection of pus in a cavity, the result of a mor-
bid process. See Pyogenia, and Suppuration.
The French have various distinctive terms for
Abscesses.
Abcea Chaud, Aigu, Soudain, is one which fol-
lows violent inflammation.
Abcea Froid, Chronique, Scrofulenx, cold,
chronic, or acrofuloua abscess, one which is the
result of chronic or scrofulous inflammation.
Abcea par Congestion, A. diathesique, asympto-
matic abscess ; one which occurs in a part at a
distance from the inflammation by which it is
occasioned : e. g. a lumbar abaceas ,- in which tho
inflammation may be in the lumbar vertebrae,
whilst the pus exhibits itself at the groin.
Abscess, Alveolar, Parulis — a. Cold, see
Abscess.
ABSCISSIO PR.EPUTII
Abscess, Metastat'ic, Absces'sim metaitat'-
iciiK, (F.) Abcen iiiftdsliiiique, A. consecutif, an
abscess which forms sudilenly, and soinetimcs
without any precursor)' signs of inflammation, in
a part of the body remote from one in a state of
suppuration, and without presenting a sufficient
reason for its development in tlie place which it
occupies. It is a consequence of phlebitis.
Adsckss, Pkiifohating of the Lung, see
Lung, perforating abscess of the — a. Perilaryn-
geal, see Perilaryngitis — a. Psoas, Lumbar ab-
scess— a. Retropharyngeal, see Retropharyngeal
— a. Shirtstud, Abcen en bniitun de chemine.
ABSCB.SSUS Capitis Sanguineus Neonatorum,
Cephalieraatoma — a. Cerebri, Encephalopyosis —
a. Gangraenescens, Anthrax — a. Gangriienosus,
Anthrax — a. Lacteus, Mastodynia apostematosa
— a. Lumborurn, Lumbar abscess — a. Mammffi,
Mastodynia apostematosa — a. Metastaticus, Ab-
scess, metastatic — a. Nucleatus, Furunculus — a.
Oculi, Hypopyon — a. Pectoris, Empyema — a.
Pulmonum, Pneumapostema — a. Rcnalis, Ne-
phrapostasis — a. Spirituosus, Aneurism — a. Tho-
racis. Empyema — a. Urinosus, Urapostema.
ABSCISSIO PR.EPUTH, Circumcision.
ABSCIS'SION, Ab8cia'io, Abscis'nio, from ab-
ecidere or abiciiidere, ' to cut off,' Apoc'ope,
Apothynu' 818, Dinc'ope. Excision or extirpation
(if a part, especially of a soft part. — Fabricius
Uildanus.
Fracture or injury of soft parts, with loss of
substance. — Hippocrates.
Diminution, or loss of voice. — Celsus.
Sudden and premature termination of a dis-
ease.— Galen.
ABSCONSIO, Sinus.
ABSENCB DU BRUIT RESPIRATOIRE,
see Murmur, respiratory.
ABSINTHE, Artemisia absinthium.
ABSINTHl'TES, ai|iv5(rr,s, Apainthi'ies, Wine
impregnated with Absinthium or Wormwood. —
Dioscorides.
ABSINTHIUM, (Ph. U. S.,) Artemisia ab-
sinthium— a. Marinura, Artemisia maritima — a.
Marilimum, Artemisia maritima — a. Ponticum,
Artemisia pontica — a. Romanum, Artemisia pon-
tica — a. Santonicum, Artemisia santonica — a.
Vulgare, Artemisia absinthium.
AHSORBANT, Absorbent.
ABSOR'BENT, Abeor'bens, from ahsorbere (ab
and sorbere,) 'to drink, to suck up.' (F.) Ab-
sorbant. That which absorbs.
Absorbent System is the collection of vessels,
Vdia abnorben'tia sen resoibeii'tin, and glands,
which concur in the exercise of absorption.
A medicine used for absorbing acidity in the
stomach and bowels, as magnesia, chalk, &c. In-
oerVens, Re8or'beii8, S<it' nrans, PrcBci'p'itans.
Also, any substance, such as cobweb, sponge,
Ac, which, when applied to a bleeding surface,
retains the blood, and forms with it a solid and
adhesive compound, which arrests the hemor-
rhage.
ABSORPTIO, Absorption — a. Sanguinis,
Haemorrhophesis.
ABSOKP'TION, Ab8or2}'t;o, Resnrp'tio, Liha-
la'tio, Imbibit"io, Anar'rhophe, Aiiarrophe'^is,
Oatnpino'sia, Rho'ebde'ais, Ctitarrhophe'sis, Ca-
tnr' rhnphe ; same etymon.' The function of ab-
sorbent vessels, by virtue of which they take up
substances from without or within the body. Two
great divisions have been made of this function.
1. Externnl absorption, or the absorption of com-
position, which obtains, from without the organs,
the materials intended for their composition ;
and, 2. Internal absorption, or the absorption of
decomposition, which takes up from the organs
! ABSUS
By external absorption is meant not only that
which takes place at the external surlacc ot the
body, but also that of the mucous membnines ol
the digestive and respiratory passages. Hence,
again, the division of external absorption into cu-
taneona—rtsorp'tio cut<i'nea seu cutis, inliola tio
cutis, — intestinal or digestive, and pulmonary or
respirator!/. , ,. • , i • i
Internal absorption is also subdivuled into,
1. Molecular or interstitial, nutritive, or<janic, or
decomposim/, which takes up from each organ the
materials tiiat constitute it, so that the decompo-
sition is always in equilibrio with the deposition.
2. The absorption of recrenientitial secreted Jlnidi,
such as the lluid of serous membranes, synovia,
<fec. As these are constantly exhaled ou surfaces
which have no external outlet, they would aug-
ment indehnitely, if absorption did not remove
them in the same proportion as that in which
they are deposited. 3. The absorption of a part
of the ejL-cremeutitial Jlaids, as they pass over the
excretory passages.
Absorption does not effect the decomposition
of the body immediately. It merely prepares the
fluid which has to be eliminated by the secretory
organs.
The great agents of external absorption are the
veins and chyliferous vessels; of internal absorp-
tion, probably the lymphatics. In the chylife-
rous vessels and lymphatics the fluid is always
found to possess the same general properties.
In them, therefore, an action of elaboration or
selection must have taken place. The veins, on
the other hand, seem to exert no selection. Any
fluid, possessing the necessary tenuity, passes
through the coats of the vessel readily by imbibi-
tion, and proceeds along with the torrent of the
circulation. Watery fluids in this manner enter
the blojd when they are taken into the stomach.
Substances that require digestion, on the other
hand, must pass through the chyliferous vessels
and thoracic duct.
Absorption of Composition, see Absorption—
a. Cutaneous, see Absorption — a. of Leouiuposi-
tion, see Absorption — a. Digestive, see Absorp-
tion— a. External, see Absorption — a. of Excre-
mentitial Secreted Fluids, see Absorption — a.
Internal, see Absorption — a. Intestinal, see Ab-
sorption— a. Interstitial, see Absorption — a.
Molecular, see Absorption — a. Nutritive, see Ab-
sorption— a. Organic, see Absorption — a. Pul-
monary, see Absorption — a. of Recreineutitial
Secreted Fluids, see Absorption — a. Respiratory,
see Absorption.
ABSTEME, Abstemious.
ABSTE'MIOUS, Abste'mius, Aoi'nos, from (i6»,
'without,' and temetum, 'wine.' (F.) Abstiime.
Used by the ancient writers, as well as by the
French, in the sense only of its roots; one who
abstains from wine or fermented liquors in
general.
ABSTERGENTIA, Detergents.
ABSTERSIVA, Detergents.
ABSTERSORIA, Detergents.
AB'STINENCE, Abstinen'tia, from ahs, 'from,'
and tenere, 'to hold,' Abros'ia, Asit'ia, Liman'-
chia, Limocton'ia, Fasting. Privation, usually
voluntary, as when we speak of abstinence from
pleasure, abstinence from drink, Ac. It is more
particularly used to signify voluntary privation
of certain articles of food. Fasting is a useful re-
medial agent in certain diseases, particularly in
those of an inflammatory character.
ABSUS, a kind of cassia, 0. Abaitn, which
grows in Egypt and in India, the seeds of which,
pulverized and mixed with powdered sugar, have
the materials that have to be replaced by the iSbeen employed in form of a dry collyrium, in the
exhalants.
endemic ophthalmia of Egypt.
ABULIA
23
ACCABLEMENT
ABU'LIA ; from a, 'privative,' and /JouXi/, 'will.'
Loss of the will, or of volition.
AIJU'HCUS ; same etymon. One who has lost
the power of will or of volition.
Alius DE SOf.Jl//>ME, Masturbation.
ABUTA (a Guiana name), Pareira brava.
ABUTILON AVICENN/E, A. Corda'tum, Si-
da Aba' t Hon, Indian or y'ellow 3IaUow, Velvet
leaf; Order, Malvaceae, (from a, privative,' (iovi,
'an ox,' and tiAoj, ' diarrhoea,' that is, ' a remedy
for the diarrhtca of cattle ;') is naturalized, and
common in most parts of the United States. It
resembles common mallow in its properties, being
mucilaginous and demulcent.
ABVACUA'TIO, an excessive or colliquative
evacuation of any kind.
ACACIA, (Ph. U. S.) Acaciae gurami— a. Cate-
chu, Catechu — a. False, Robinia pseudo-acacia —
a. Germanica, see Prunus spinosa— a. Giraffa, see
Acaciie gummi — a. Horrida, see Acaciae gummi
— a. Indica, Tamarindus — a. Nilotica, see Acaciae
gummi — a. Nostras, see Prunus spinosa— a. Sene-
gal, see Senegal, gum — a. Vera, see Acaciae gum-
mi—n. Zeylonica, Ilaematoxylon Campechianum.
ACACI/E GUMMI, Acn'cia, from gkv, 'a
point,' so called in consequence of its spines, G.
Acn'cia; Arab'iccB, G. Mimo'scB, G. Arah'icnm, G.
Acanth'Inum, G. Leucum, G. Theba'iciim, G. Se-
rnpid'iiia, G. Lnmnc, G. Senega or Seneca, (see
Senegal, gum,) Gum Ar'abic. (F.) Gomme Ara-
bi(/iie. The gum of the Aca'cia seu Mimo'sa
Nilot'icn, Aca'cia vera. Spina JSgyptiaea, of
Upper Egypt, Nat. Ord. Mimoseae. Sex. Si/st.
Polygamia Monoecia. It is in irregular pieces,
colourless, or of a pale yellow colour, hard, brittle,
of a shining fracture, transparent, soluble in
water, and insoluble in alcohol, s. g. 1-4317.
It is mucilaginous ; but is rarely used, except
in pharmacy. Sometimes it is administered alone
as a demulcent.
Acacia Horrida and A. Giraffes, of South
Africa, yield a good gum.
ACA.TOU, (of Indian origin) Anacardium oc-
cidentale.
AcAJUBAOFFicnfALis, Anacardium occidentale.
Acal'ypha Bktuli'na, Cauda felis agrestin.
(a, 'privative,' «aXoj, 'beautiful,' and a0v, 'touch']
is employed by tlie natives of India as a stoma-
chic and in cholera. It is given in the form of
infusion of the leaves.
Acalypha Hispida, Caturus spiciflorus.
Acal'ypha In'dica, 'disagreeable to the
touch.' Ciipameni, Order Euphorbiacea3. A com-
mon annual in the gardens of India. An infusion
of the root, and a decoction of the leaves are
cathartic.
Acal'ypha Virgin'ica. Three-seeded mer'eury,
indigenous, flowering in August, is said to have
expectorant and diuretic properties.
ACA.M'ATUS, from a, priv., and KOfivo), 'I la-
bour.' This word has been sometimes used for
a good constitution of the body. According to
Galen, it means that position in which a limb is
intermediate between flexion and extension; a
position which may be long maintained without
fatigue.
ACAMPSIA, Contractura.
ACANOS, Onopordium acanthium — a. Spina,
Onopordium acanthium.
ACANTIIA, Vertebral column. Also, Spinous
process of a vertebra.
ACANTIIAB'OLUS, Acan'thulus, Volsel'la,
from aKav5a, 'a spine,' and /JaAAu, 'I cast out.'
A kind of forceps for removing extraneous sub-
stances from wounds. — Paulus of iEgiua, Fabri-
cius ab Aquapendcnte, Scultetus, <fec.
ACANTHALZUCA, Echinops.
AC AX THE FAUSSE, Heracleum spondy-
lium.
ACANTIIIA LECTULARIA, Cimex lectu-
larius.
ACANTHIUM, Onopordium acanthium.
ACANTHULUS, Acanthabolus.
ACANTHUS MOLLIS, (aKav^a, 'a spine or
thorn,') same etymon as Acacia. Melamjjhyl'-
lum, Branca urai'na seu vera, Brankur'aine,
Bear's Breech. (F.) Pied d'ottrs. This plant is
mucilaginons like Althaea, and is used as a de-
mulcent.
ACAPATLI, Piper longum.
ACAR'DIA, from a, priv., and xapSia, 'the
heart.' The state of a foetus without a heart.
ACARDIOH^'MIA. (F.) Acardiohemie, from
a, priv., KopSia, 'heart,' and ai/<a 'blood.' AVant
of blood in the heart. — Piorry.
ACARDIONER'VIA, (F.) Acardionervie :
from a, priv., xupita, 'heart;' and vcvpov, ' nerve.'
Want of nervous action in the heart as indicated
by the sounds ceasing to be audible.
ACARDIOTROPHIA, Heart, atrophy of the.
AC A RE, Acarus.
AC'ARICIDE, from acarus, and ccedere, 'to
kill.' A destroyer of acari, — as of the acarus
scabiei.
ACARICO'BA. The Brazilian name for Hy.
drocol'yle umbella'tnm, used by the Indians as
an aromatic, alexipharraic, and emetic.
ACARON, Myricagale.
ACARP'^, from a, 'privative,' and Ataproj,
'fruit.' A division of the family of cutaneous
diseases by Fuchs, in which there is no " fruit,"
((ierm. Frucht,) or production from the cutane-
ous surface — tubercles, vesicles or pustules.
Lentigo, Chloasma, Argyria, and Pityriasis be-
long to it.
ACARUS, from a, privative, and (ca/,)??, 'di-
visible.' (F.) Acare. A minute insect, one spe-
cies of which has been noticed, by several obser-
vers, in the itch. The Acarus Scabiei, see Psora.
Acarus Giro, se'e Psora — a. Comedonum,
Acarus Folliculorum.
Ac'arus Cros'sei, Crosse mite. An insect sup-
posed by Mr. Crosse, of England, to have been
developed in a solution of silicate of potassa when
submitted to slow galvanic action, for the pur-
pose of obtaining crystals of silex. It did not,
however, prove to be a new formation.
Acarus Folliculo'rum, A. Comedo'num, En-
tozo'on seu De'modex seu Simo'nea seu Steatozo'-
on folliculo'rum, JIfacro/jas'ter plat'ypus. An
articulated animalcule, discovered in the sebace-
ous substance of the cutaneous follicles. Accord-
ing to Professor Owen, it belongs to the Ara-
chnida.
Acarus Scabiei, Acarus, see Psora.
ACATALEP'SIA, from a, privative, and xara-
Xa/ilSai'oj , 'I comprehend.' Uncertainty in dia-
gnosis. Its opposite is Catalepsia. — Galen.
ACATAP'OSIS, from a, privative, and xara-
ruiTif, ' deglutition.' Incapacity of swallowing.
Vogel has given this name to difficulty of deglu-
tition.
ACATASTAT'IC, Acatastat'icus, from a, priv.,
and Ka^taTrj/ii, ' to determine.' An epithet given
to fevers, Ac, when irregular in their periods or
symptoms. — Hippocrates.
ACATHAR'SIA, from a, priv., and Ka&atpt^to,
' I purge ;' Sordes, Impurities. Omission of a pur-
gative.— Foesius.
ACATSJAVAL'LI, a Malabar plant, which is
astringent and aromatic. A bath of it is used in
that country in cases of hemicrania. It is sup-
posed to be the Cassytha filiforniis of Linnaeus.
ACAWERIA, Ophioxvlum serpentinum.
ACCABLEMENT, Torpor.
ACCELERATEUR
24
ACEPIIALOGASTER
ACOEtiRATEUR BE L' URINE, Accele-
rator urinas.
ACCELERATOR PARTUS, Abortive.
Accelera'tor Uri'na!, Bulbo-caverno'aua, Bitl-
hn-tiretral — (Ch.), EJacula'tor Sciii'iuts, Biilbo-
si/tidesmo-caverneux. (F.) Accelerate itr de I'urine,
J3ulbo-caverneux, Ano-eaverneux, from ad and
celer, ' quick.' A muscle of the penis, which
arises, fleshy, from the sphincter ani and mem-
branous part of the urethra, and tendinous, from
the crus and beginning of the corpus caverno-
sum penis. In its course it forms a thin, fleshy
layer, the inferior fibres of which run more trans-
versely than the superior, which descend in an
oblique direction ; the muscles of both sides com-
pletely enclosing the bulb of the urethra. It is
inserted into its fellow by a tendinous line run-
ring longitudinally on the middle of the bulb.
Its use is to propel the urine or semen forwards.
ACCENT, Sonus vocis, from ad and canerc,
cantuin, to sing. Inflection or modification of the
voice, which consists in raising or dropping it on
certain syllables.
The accent exhibits various alterations in dis-
ease. ^
ACCES, Paroxysm.
ACCES'SION, Acces'sfo, from aeeedo, {ad and
cedere,) 'I approach.' The invasion, approach,
or commencement of a disease.
ACOESSOIBE, Accessory— a.dulongFlechis-
scur commnn des orteils : see Flexor longus digi-
torum pedis profundus perforans (accessorius) —
a.de I'Obturateur interne, Ischio-trochanterianus
■ — a. da Pied d' Hippocampe : see Cornu ammonis
— a.du Sacro-lombaire : see Sacro-lumbalis.
ACCESSORIUS FLEXOR LONGUS DIGI-
TORUM PEDIS; see Flexor longus digitorum
pedis profundus perforans (accessorius) — a. Pedis
hippocampi; — see Cornu ammonis.
ACCESSORY, Acccsso'rins, (F.) Accessoire,
Annexe, same etymon. A consequence or de-
pendence on any thing; as accessory ligament,
muscle, nerve, <fcc.
Accessory op the Parot'ib is a name given
by Haller to a small gland, which accompanies
the parotid duct, and is commonly a mere pro-
longation of the parotid itself. See Parotid.
AccEssoRV Sciences to Medicine are those
which do not relate directly to the science of
man in a state of health or disease ; as physics,
chemistry, <fec.
Accessory op the Par Vagum, Spinal nerve.
The term accessory is also given to several
muscles.
ACCESSUS, Coition.
ACCIDENS, Symptoma — a. Consecutifs, Con-
secutive phenomena.
ACCIDENT, Ac'cidens, from accidere, {ad and
cadere,) ' to happen.' A casualty ; an unforeseen
event. The French — like older English writers
— use the term in nearly the same sense as symp-
tom. It means also an unexpected symptom.
ACCIDEN'TAL, Advanti" tious. That which
happens unexpectedly.
The French give the name Tissue accidentels
to those adventitious textures, that are the result
of a morbid process.
ACCIP'ITER, Hi'erax, \tpa^, ' the hawk,' from
accipere {ad and capio,) 'to take.' Menec'ratis
Accip'iter, (F.) Epervier. A bandage applied
over the nose, so called from its likeness to the
claw of a hawk.
ACCLI'MATED, Clima'ti assue'tus, (from ad
and clima.) A word of recent introduction from
the French, which means 'accustomed to a cli-
mate.'
ACCLIMATATION, Acclimation.
ACCLIMATEMENT, Acclimation.
ACCLIMATION, Seas'oning. {¥.) Acdimate-
ment, Acclimalation. The act of becoming accli-
mated or accustomed to a climate.
The constitution of a person, who goes to live
in another and a very different climate usually
experiences changes, which are frequently of an
unfavourable character, and the study ot which
is of considerable importance i" "medicine.
ACCOMPAGNEMENT DE LA CATA.
RAOTE, Accompaniment of the cataract.
ACCOM'PANIxVIENT, Adjun'ction. (F.) Ac-
compaqnement, {eompagnon, ' an associate'). That
whichis joined to any thing.
Accompaniment to the cataract, {I.) Accom-
pagnement de la cataracte, is a whitish, viscid
substance, which sometimes surrounds the opake
crystalline lens, and remains after the operation
for cataract, causing a secondary cataract.
ACCOUCHEE, Puerpera.
ACCOUCHEMENT, Parturition — a. Labori-
ous, Dystocia — a. cnntre Nature, see Presentation,
preternatural— a. Laborieux, Laborious labour,
— a. Provoqne, see Parturition.
ACCOUCHEUR, (F.) Adju'tor Part&s, Ob.
stet'ricans, Obstetri"cius, Maieu'ter, Maieu'tes.
He who practices the art of midwifery. A physi-
cian-Accoucheur, a Surgeon-Accoucheur, a JJan-
midxvife, &c.
ACCOUCHEUSE, Midwife.
ACCOUPLEMENT, Coition.
ACCOUTUMANCE, Habit.
ACCRE'TION, Accre'tio, from ad, *to,' and
crescere, 'to increase.' Augmentation; (F.) Ac-
croissement ; also, increase by juxtaposition.
ACCROISSEMENT, Accretion, Increase.
ACCUSATIO, Indication.
ACE'DIA, Jncu'ria, from a, privative, and
Ke&oi, ' care.' Want of care, neglect. Also, fa-
tigue.— Hippocrates.
ACELLA, Axilla.
ACEOGNOSIA, Pharmacognosia.
ACEOLOGIA, Materia Medica.
ACEPHALE, Acephalous.
ACEPHALH^'MIA, (F.) Acephalhemie,ivom.
a, priv., Kt<pa\ri, ' head,' and aiyia, ' blood.' Want
of blood in the encephalon. — Piorry.
ACEPHALIA, see Acephalous.
ACEPHALTE, see Acephalous.
ACEPHALOBRA'CnUS, from a, privative,
K£<pii\rj, ' head,' and ppa^Kiiv, ' arm.' A foetus
without head or arms.
ACEPHALOCAR'DIA, from a, priv., tKtpaXv,
' head,' and Kupiia, ' heart.' Monstrosity in which
there is absence of head and heart.
ACEPHALOCHI'RUS, from a, privative, kc-
(paXri, 'head,' and x"P> 'hand.' A foetus without
head or hands.
ACEPH'ALOCYST, Acephalocys'tis, (F.) Ace-
phalocyste, from a, privative, Kci^aXr;, 'head,' and
KujTif, 'bladder.' A hydatiform vesicle, without
head or visible organs, ranked amongst the Ento-
zoa, although possessed of few animated charac-
teristics. In no organ of the body are acepha-
locysts so frequently found as in the liver. Gene-
rally it is the 'multiple acephalocyst,' A. socia'-
lis seu prolif'era, which is met with. At times,
however, it is the 'solitary acephalocyst,' A.
eremi'ta seu ster'ilis.
The acephalocyst! s endog"ena has a firm coat,
and is composed of different layers, which have
numbers of smaller hydatids within them, and
are thrown og' from the interior of the parent
cyst. This species has hence been termed en-
dogena, to distinguish it from the A. exog"ena
of ruminant animals, in which the young vesicles
are developed from the exterior of the parent
vesicles. — See Hydatid.
ACEPIIALOGAS'TER. Athoracoceph'afus,
from a privative, Kt<pa\ri, 'head,' and yaar/jp, 'the
ACEPIIALOPODUS
25
ACETONE
belly.' A nanio gh-en to monsters devoid of head,
chcHt, and abdomen ; or to those which have an
abdomen, but no chest or head.
ACEFHALOP'ODUS, from a, priv., Ke<pa\r,,
'head,' and novs, no6of, 'foot.' A monster devoid
of head and feet. The condition is called Acephu-
lopod'ia.
ACKPHALORA'CIIIA, from a, priv., w^aXi,,
'head,' and pax^i, 'spine.' Monstrosity in which
there is absence of head and spine.
ACE PHALOS'TOMA, from a, privative, «f£0aX;7,
' head,' and (rrofia, 'mouth.' An acephalous foetus,
at the upper part of which there is an opening
resembling a mouth.
ACEPUALOTHORA'CIA, from a, privative,
KitpaXix, ' head,' and ^upnf, &tapaKO(:, ' thorax.'
Monstrosity in which there is absence of head
and chest.
ACEPHALOTIIO'RUS, from a, privative,
Kt(pa\Ti, 'head,' and ■Jupa^, ' chest,' Ajjectocejih'alus.
A monster devoid of head or chest.
ACEPH'ALOUS, from a, privative, and KtipaXtj,
'head.' (F.) Acephale. A monster born devoid
of head. The condition is called Acepha'lia. (F.)
Acephalie.
ACER, Acrid.
Acer Palmifolium, A. Saccharinum.
Acer Pennsylvan'icum, Striped Ifaple,
Striped Dofjwood. A decoction of the bark has
been used internally and externally in cutaneous
atfections ; and a decoction of the leaves and twigs
is said to relieve nausea and vomiting.
Acer Rubrum, lied Jfuple ; Indigenous. The
inner bark is a mild astringent. The Indians
use a decoction of it for sore eyes.
Acer Sacchari'num, A. palmi/o'lium. Maple,
Si(gar Ifaple. (F.) Erable, Ord., Aceraceae. This
tree contains a large amount of sweet sap, whence
a considerable quantity of sugar may be extracted.
"When purified, this sugar can scarcely be distin-
guished from that obtained from the cane. — See
Saccharum.
Acera'tes Longifo'lia, Long-leaved green
Milkweed; Order, Asclepiadaceae ; indigenous,
flowering in June and July; has the properties
of the order. See Asclepias.
ACERATO'SIS, from a, privative, and Kcpai,
KcpaTOi, ' horn.' Defective development of the
corneous tissue.
ACERB', Acer'bus, Stryphnos, from acer,
'sharp.' A savour, or taste, compounded of the
acid, bitter, and astringent; such as is met with
in unripe fruits, &c.
ACER'CUS, from a, privative, and nepKOi 'a
tail.' A monster devoid of tail. — Gurlt.
ACE'RIDES, Acero'des, from a, privative, and
Krjpos, ' wax.' Plasters devoid of wax. — Galen.
ACERODES, Acerides.
ACERO'SUS, Achyro'des, Pithyri'nus, from
axypov, ' chaff.' Fiir/iira'ceous. An epithet used
by Hippocrates for the coarsest bread, made of
flour not separated from the chaff. — Foesius.
ACERVULUS CEREBRI. See Pineal Gland
— a. Glandulufl Pinealis, see Pineal Gland.
ACES'CENCY, Acescen'tia, from acescere, ' to
grow sour,' {axts, 'a point,' acer, 'sharp.') A dis-
position to acidity. Tbe humourists believed that
the animal humours are susceptible of this change.
ACESIA, Cure.
ACESINOSUS, Curative.
ACESIS, Curation, Cure, Medicament.
ACESMA, Medicament.
ACES.MIUS, Curable.
ACES.MUS, Cure.
ACESODYNES, Anodyne.
ACESOPIIORUS, Curative.
ACESTER, Physician.
ACESTIS, Medicament.
ACESTOR, Physician.
2
ACESTORIA, Medicine.
ACESTORIS, Midwife.
ACESTOS, Curable.
ACESTRA, Needle.
ACESTRIA, Midwife.
ACESTRIS, Midwife.
ACESTRUM, Medicament.
ACETA MEDICATA, Acetica.
ACETABULA UTERINA, Cotyledons.
ACETAB'ULUM, (F.) Aa^tabn/e, from acefiim,
' vinegar,' because it resembles the old vinegar
vessel oxybaph'iDH. A measure capable of con-
taining the eighth part of a modern pint. — Athe-
nacus. Galen. See Cotyloid. According to
Castelli, the lobes or cotyledons of the [.laeentue
of ruminating animals have been so called.
Acetabulum, Cotyle, Cotyloid— a. Humeri, see
Glenoid — a. Marinum, Umbilicus marinus.
ACETA'RIA, same etymon. A salad or
pickle.
ACETAS, Acetate.
ACETATE, Ace'tas. (F.) Acetate. A salt
formed by the union of the acetic acid with an
alkaline, earthy, or metallic base. The acetates
chiefly used in medicine are the acetates of am-
monia, lead, potash, and zinc.
ACE'TICA, Ace'ta Medica'ta. (F.) Vinnigrcn
Medicinaux. Pharmaceutical preparations of
vinegar.
ACE'TICUM AC'IDUM, Acid<im Aee'ticwn
for'tins seu forte seu puriim seu glacia'le, Ace'-
tum radica'le, O.ros, Ace'tic Acid, Strong Ace'toiis
Acid, Acidum Aeeto' sum forte, liad'icul Viit'egar,
Spir'itus Veu'erin (ivhen made from verdiyrin,)
Spirit of Verdigris. Concentrated acetic acid,
prepared by decomposing an acetate and receiv-
ing the acetic acid by distillation, has a very
pungent and grateful odour, and an acid and
acrid taste. Its s. g. is about 1.046, and it is
very volatile.
It is stimulant, rubefacient, and eseharotic, and
is applied to the nostrils in syncope, asphyxia,
headache, <fec. It destroys wnrts.
An Aromatic Spirit of Vinegar, Ac"idiim Ace'-
ticum Camphora'txim, A. aceto'ntim camphora'tiim^
is formed of this strong acid, f^x; Uatnphor, ^j ;
Alcohol, f^j.
A strong Acetic Acid was ordered by the Lon-
don pharmacopoeia, prepared from wood. It was
called Vinegar of icood, hnproved distilled ]'ine-
gar, Pyrolig'ncous Acid, Ace'tum Ligvo'rnm, and
its strength was such, that 87 gr. of crystallized
subcarbonate of soda should saturate 100 grains
of the acid.
Ac"idum Ace'ticum Dihi'tnm, A. A. ten'ne. sen
debil'iiis, Ace'tum destilla'tvm, Acidiim nce'tlcnni,
Acidum aceto'sum destilla'tum. Distil'led rin'egar,
(F.) Acide Acetique falble, Vinaigre dlilllle. is
prepared by distilling vinegar, until .'^evcn-eiclitlis
have passed over. An Acidum nceticum dlhitum.
Diluted acetic acid, is made by mixing a pint of
the strong acetic acid with seven pints of rliftillcd
water. — Ph. U. S. Its properties are like those
of vinegar.
AcETiciiM Martiale, Ferri Acetas.
ACETOLAT, (F.) from acetum, vinegar. A
liquid medicine resulting from the distillation of
vinegar on one or more aromatic vegetable suii-
stances, and which are formed of vinegar and
essential oils, or other volatile principles. — Bcral.
ACETOLATUIiE, same etymon. A tincture,
formed by digesting a vegetable substance or sub-
stances in vinegar. — Beral. *
ACETOLE, same etymon, Oxcole. A medi-
cine, formed of distilled vinegar and medicinal
principles dissolved in it. — Beral.
AUETOMEL, Oxymel.
ACETONE, Ac"cton, from acetum, 'vinegar.'
ACETOSA ALPINA
26
ACHILLEA AGERATUM
Splr'itii8 pi/ro-ace'ticiiii ligno'ins, Pi/ro-nce'tic
tpiiit, Pi/n>-(tce'tic Ether, Mesit'ic Al'eohol,
Jii/iijdrule (if Mcsil'i/lciie, (F.) Acetone; errone-
ously called yaj)htha and Wood Naphtha. By
others, however, the terms are applied to Py-
rojrylic Spirit. A limpid, colourless liquid, hav-
ing a peculiarly penetrating and slightly enipy-
reuniiitic odour. Its density in the liquid state,
is almost the same as that of alcohol, 0.7921. Its
taste is disagreeable, and analogous to that of
peppermint. It is miscible in all proportions
with water, alcohol, and ether. It may be pre-
pared by distilling a mixture of two parts of
crystallized acetate of lead and one part of quick-
lime in a salt-glaze jar (gray-beard,) the lower
part of the jar being coated with fire-clay ; and
ii bent glass tube, half an inch in diameter,
jidaptcd to the mouth by a cork, so as to form a
distillatory apparatus. The jar is supported on
the mouth of a small furnace, by which the lower
part only is heated to redness, and the vapours
are conducted into a Liebig's condenser. The
product is repeatedly redistilled from quicklime,
until its boiling point is constant at 132°.
It has been brought forward as a remedy in
phthisis pulmonalis; but evidently with un-
founded pretensions. It is an excitant, and may
be serviceable in chronic bronchitis. The dose
is ten to forty drops three times a day, diluted
with water.
ACETOSA ALPINA, Rumex alpinus — a.
Nostras, Kumex acetosa — a. Pratensis, llumex
acetnsa — a. Romana, llumex soutatus — a. Ro-
tundifolia, Rumex scutatiis — a. Scutata, Rumex
scutatus — a. Vulgaris, Rumex acetosa.
ACETOSELLA, Oxnlis acetosclla.
ACE'TUM, o^os, (has, Aee'tiim Vhii seu BH-
tnn'iiiciiin seu (Idl'llcum, Cummon Viiiei/ar, Aci-
rliini acetu'sum, A'legnr, Aee'tiim Ccreriv'icB, (F.)
Viiinigre ; from qkh, 'a point,' (Tcec, 'sharp.' A
liquor obtained by the acetous fermentation.
Vinegar has a pungent odour, and a pleasant acid
taste. One fluid ounce of the Acetum of the
United States Pharmacopoeia is saturated by
about 35 grains of crystallized bicarbonate oif
soda. It is refrigerant in fevers ; antiseptic, and
anti-narcotic; and externally is stimulant and
discutient.
Vinegar Whey is made by stirring a small
wineglassful of vinegar, sweetened with a dessert
spoonful of sugar, in a pint of wilk ; boiling for
I, fifteen minutes, and straining. Like tamarind
whey it is an agreeable drink in febrile affections.
Ack'tom Aromat'icum, A. Theriaca'le seu
qiiutxior fiiruni, Acidiim Aee'tictim Aromat'icum,
ThiereH' Vinegar, Vinegar of the four Thieves,
Marseilles Vinegar, (F.) Viuaigre Aromatiqite,
V. des (jiiatre voletirs, {Rorismarin. cnciim. sice.,
Fol. Salvia sing. ,^j. Lavaiid. flor. sice. ^iv. Ca-
ryoph. cont. ^ss. Acid. Aeet. Oij. Macerate 7 days,
•and filter. — Ph. E.) Odour, pungent and aroma-
tic. Used as a perfume.
AcETDM Britannict!M, Acetum.
Ace'titm Canthar'idis, Vinegar of Cantha-
rides, (Cantharid.m pulv. ^^iij. Aeid. acet. fSv.,
Acid, piirolign. f.^xv: Eiiphorb. in pulv. crass,
^ss. Mis the acids ; add the powders ; macerate
for seven days ; strain ; express strongly, and
filter the liquor.— Ph._^E. The London College
macerates cantharid. ^'j in acid. acet. Oj. (Imp.
meas.) for eight days ; expresses and strains.) It
is used as a prompt vesicant.
Ace'tum CoL'cHici,J7)ie(/'if)- of meadow saffron.
(Colchic. rad.'contiis. ^\} ; Acid, acetic, diliit. vel
Acet. destillat. Oij ; Ph. U. S. 18.51. It may also
be made by displacement.) It is used as a diu-
retic, and also in gout. Dose f,^''^- to f.^iss.
AcETCM Dkstillatl'm; see Aceticum ncidum
— ^a. Gallieum, A,cetum — a. Lignorum: see Ace-
ticum acidum— a. Mulsum dulce, Oxyglycus— n.
Opii, GuttiB Nigrie — a. Plumbicum seu Saturni-
nuu). Liquor Plumbi subacetatis — a. Quatucir
furum, Acetum Aromaticum — a. Radlcale, Aceti-
cum Acidum — a. Rosatum, Oxyrrhodinon.
AcKTI'M Scil.L^t:, Acidum Ace'ticum Scillit'-
icum, Vinegar of SquRls, (F.) Vinaigre scilli-
tiqiie, {Scil/w contus. ,^iv; Acet. destillat. Oij;
Ph. U. S. It may also be made by displace-
ment.) Diuretic, expectorant, and emetic. Doso
f^ss to 3ij as a diuretic and expectorant. It
may also be made by the process of displacement.
Acetum Tukhiacalb, Acetum aron)alicum.
ACEYTE DE SAL. A remedy for broncho-
cele used in S. America. Roulin found it to con-
tain a portion of iodine.
ACUACANA. A species of cactus, in the pro-
vince of Potosi in Peru. Its root is thick and
fleshy, and of a conical shape. It is a good edi-
ble, and is sold in the markets of the country.
ACHALYPHEiMlE. See Chlorosis.
ACHANACA. A plant of the kingdom of
Mely in Africa. It is used by the natives as an
antisyphilitic.
ACllAOVAN, a species of Egyptian cliamo-
mile. — Prosper Alpinus.
ACHAOVAN-ABIAT. The Egyptian name
of Cineraria huiritima, used in female diseases.
ACIIAR, Atchar.
ACHE, Pain.
ACHE, Apium graveolens — a. des Ifontngnes,
Ligusticum levisticum.
ACIIEI'LIA, Aehi'lia, from a, priv., and ■)(^c{\oi,
'lip.' A malformation, consisting in a deficiency
of a lip or lips.
ACllEl'LUS, Aehi'lua: same etymon. One
who is without lips.
ACHEIR, Aehir, De'manns, from a, privative.
and x^'Pf 'hand.' One devoid of hands.— tialcn.
ACllEI'RIA, Achi'ria: same etymon. The
state of being devoid of hands.
ACHEROIS, Populus.
ACHIA, Arhiar. A name given in India to
the pickled shoots of the bamboo.
AcHiA, Atchar.
ACIIIAR. Achia.
ACIIIC'OLUM. Achit'obta, Ilidrote'rion, Sii-
da'rinm, Fornix, Tholus, Siidato' riiini, Sn'datory,
Siceating-honse, Sweating-bath. The eivcating-
rooin in the ancient bagnios.
ACIIILIA, Acheilin.
■ ACHILLE, TENDON D', Achillis t.^ndo.
ACIIILLE'A AGE'RATUM. A. visco'sa, Bal-
sami'ta fa-min'ea, Enpato'rinm MES'UKS, Age'iii-
tiim, Cos'tiis horto'rum minor, Maudlin, Maudlin
Tansey ; (F.) Achillie Visqueiise ; Ord. Compo-
sitae; Sex. Sijit. Syngenesia Polygamia Super-
flua, — has the same properties as tansey, bitter
and aromatic, and is used in like affe('tions.
Achillk'a Atua'ta, Herba Gen'ipi vcri, (F.)
Achillee Noire, has similar virtues.
Achillk'a MlI,LEFO'l,inM, Achille'a Myrio.
phyl'lon, Chri/soc'oma, Millefo'l ium, Chilioj,h,il'.
Ion, Lunibus Vcn'cris, Common Yarrow or Mil-
foil. (F.) Millefeuilh, Herbe <iHx charjjentiers.
The leaves and flowers have an aromatic smell,
and a rough, bitterish, somewhat pungent taste.
They have been used in dyspepsia, liatulencej
hemorrhage, &c. An extract of the plant, made
with proof spirit, has been called AchitUVnum ■
and IS used by the Italians in intermittent fever
Achille'a Moscha'ta, an Alpine plant, has
been esteemed diaphoretic and vulnoniry (') A
volatile oil calle.l E.prit d'lva. is obtained from
It in Switzerland, which is much prized for its
musky odour. It is said, by Merat and De Lens
to be the Genlpi of the Savoyards, which i< usu-
ally referred to Artemisia rupestris.
Achille'a Ptau'.mica, Ptar'mica, P. Vulgu'
ACIIILLEE XOIRE
ACID
rf», Psp.xido py'rethrnm, Pyrethrnm sylrei'tre,
Draco Hj/toeK'tn'H, Torchon si/lrenfria, Sternntit-
meiito'riti, Driifipi'diliia Pralrii'idH, Sneeze-wort,
BitHtard Pel'litory. (F.) Herhe d ileruuer. Tlie
roots find flowers have a hot, biting taste, ap-
proaching that of pyrethrutn. Their principal
use is as a masticatory and sialogogue.
Achillea ViscosA, A. Ageratum.
ACIIILLEE NOIRE, Achillea atrata — a.
Vit<iiiruHe, Achillea ageratum.
ACIIILLEINUM, see Achillea Millefolium.
ACHILLE'IS. A beautiful species of barley,
mentioned by Thcophrastus and Galen, called
after Aehilles, a labourer. The decoction was
used in fevers and jaundice. — Hippocrates.
ACIIILLEUM. telepheum.
ACllIl/LlS TENDO, Funis Hippoc'ratis,
Ciirdu seu Chorda IIippoc'uatis, Corda magna,
Nervng latuH, (F.) Te)tdon d'AchiUe. The Strong
tendon of the gastroenemii muscles above the
heel : so called, because it was the only vulner-
able part of Achilles, or because of its strength.
See Tendon.
ACIIILUS, Acheilus.
ACIIIMBASSI. An archiater or chief of phy-
sicians. A name given, at Grand Cairo, to a
magistrate who licenses physicians.
AC II I R, Acheir.
ACIIIRIA, Acheiria.
ACIIITOLUS, Achicolum.
ACHLYS, Caligo.
ACIIMELLA, Spilanthus acraella.
ACUNE. Lint. See Linteum. Also, small
mucous flocculi seen in front of the cornea. —
Hippocrates.
AC'HOL'IA, from a, privative, and ;^oA»;, 'bile.'
Deficiency or want of bile. Also, Asiatic cholera.
A'CHOLUS: same etymon. One deficient in
bile.
ACIIOR, Porrigo larvalis.
ACHO'llES. A term often employed by the
ancients to designate botli crunta lac'tea, and
small superficial ulcerations on the skin of the
face and head. See Porrigo Larvalis.
AcnoRES Capitis, Porrigo scutulata.
ACHORION SCHONLEINL See Porrigo fa-
vosa.
ACnOllIS'TUS, from a, priv., and x<^piC«>, 'I
.separate.' Any sign which necessarily accompa-
nies a state of health or disease.
ACHOUROU. The Caraib name for a species
of myrtle used in dropsy.
ACHllAS AUSTRALIS, Sapota — a. Sapota,
Sapota — a. Zapota, Siipota.
ACHROI, Achruniatii'li, Achro'mati, Achro'mi,
from a, privative, and ^piofia, 'colour.' Pale indi-
viduals—Hippocrates. It is nearly synonymous
with Xeiifiatnut, leiphce'mi, persons without colour;
blooilless.
ACHRO'MA, Chloasma album, Leucopathi'a
partia'lis acquis'ita. Partial privation of colour
of the .skin.
ACHROMASIA, Decoloration.
ACIIROMATI, Achroi.
ACllliOM AT'lC,A<'hromat'icns: same etymon.
A lens, so constructed as to correct the aberration
of rcfrann-ibility of common lenses, is so termed.
The Cri/xtiil/ini'. is an achromatic lens.
ACHKOMATISTI, Achroi.
ACHROMATOPSIA, Achromntop'sy, Chroma-
topsi-udop'sia, Chromatometahlep'sia, Dyschroma-
tou'sSa. Parachro'ma, Pseudochro'mia, Parora'-
sis, visas de'color, Colour blindness, Idioj)t'cy,^
flal'tonism, from a, privative, x^"/"'- 'colour,'
and oTTouni, ' I see.' Incapability of distinguish-
ino- colours; a defect situate in the cerebral part
of^the visual organ. Persons so circumstanced
have been termed, by Mr. Whewell, Idiopts. See
Acyanoblepsia and Anerytliropsia.
ACHROMI, Achroi.
ACHROMODKK.VIE. see Albino.
ACHHOMOTRICHOMIE. see Albino.
ACHRYSTALLODIAPIIANIE, see Cata-
raet.
ACHYLO'SIS, from a, privative, and x^^''''<
'juice, chyle.' Defective chylosis or formation
of chj'le.
ACHYMO'SIS, from a, privative, and x^l^°^>
'juice, chyme.' Defective chymification.
ACHYRAN'THES REPENS, Illicc'brvm po-
lyjonnidcH, Forty Knot; indigenous. Order,
Ainaranthaceae. A decoction of the plant \i
drunk as a diuretic in dropsy, ischuria, ic.
ACHYRODES, Acerosus.
ACHYRON, Furfur.
A'CIA, from aKn, a point. A word used by
Celsus, which has puzzled commentators, — some
believing it to have meant a needle ; others the
thread; and others, again, the kind of suture.
"Ada mollis, non uiinis torta." — Celsus, Galen.
(Chifflet thinks it meant the thread. — Antwerp,
1638.)
ACID, A(:"idus, O.rys. (F.) Acide, Ai<jre, ^TOTO.
aici?, uKiioi, 'a point;' sharp; sour; especially as
ajiplied to odorous or sapid substances. The
French also use the term ai/jrc, when referring
to the voice, in the sense of sharp and shrill : —
as line voix ai</re, vox aspera.
Acin, AcKTic, Aceticum acidum — a. Acetic, of
commerce, Pyroligneous acid — a Acetic, dilute,
see Aceticum acidum — a. Acetous, strong, Ace-
ticum acidum — a. Aerial, Carbonic acid — a.
Antimonious, Antimonium diaphoretieum — a.
Arsenious, Arsenicum album — a. Auric, see Gold
— a. Azotic, Nitric acid — a. Benzoic, Benjamin,
flowers of — a. Benzuric, Hippuric acid — a. Bezo-
ardic, Uric acid — a. Boric, Boracic acid — a. Cal-
careous, Carbonic acid — a. Calculous, Uric acid.
Acid, Caubazot'iC, Ac"idum Carb/izot'icum,
Carboni'tric or Picric acid, Welter's Bitter, (F.)
Acide Carbozotirjue. This acid is frequently
formed by the action of v<incent rated nitric acid
on animal and vei/ctable substances. It, as well
as the carbazotates, is tonic and astringent.
Acid, Cakbonackous, Carbonic acid — a. Car-
bonitric. Acid Carbazotic — a. Carbonous, Oxalic
acid — a. Caseic, Lactic acid — a. Chromic, see
Chromic acid — a. Citric, Citric acid — a. Crotonic,
see Croton tiglium — a. Cyanhydric, Hydrocyanic
acid — a. Cyanohydrie, Hydrocyanic acid — a. Ga-
lactic, Lactic acid — a. Gastric, Gastric juice.
Acid, Gallic, Ac"idum GaU'icnm. (F.) Acidc
Gallique. This acid is found in most of the astrin-
gent plants that contain tannic acid of the kind
obtained from galls. It is in delicate silky nee-
dles, usually somewhat yellowish, inodorous, and
of a harsh, somewhat astringent taste. It dis-
solves in one hundred parts of cold and three
parts of boiling water. It is very soluble in alco-
hol, and but slightly so in ether.
It has been highly extolled in internal hemor-
rhage, especially from the urinary organs and
uterus. Dose from ten to twenty grains.
The last Pharmacopoeia of the United States
(1861) directs it to be made by exposing a thin
paste of powdered (falls and distilled water for a
month, adding the water from time to time to pre-
serve the consistence ; expressing the paste ;
boiling the residue in distilled water; filtering
through animal charcoal, and crystallizing.
Acid, Hippu'kiC, Ac"idnm Hippu'ricum, Uro-
ben'zoic, U'rino-benzo'ic or Denzu'ric acid. An
acid found in the urine of graminivorous animals.
It is contained in human urine, especially after
benzoic acid has been taken. See Hippuria.
Acid, HydhiOD'ic, Ac"idum Ilydrind'icnm.
This acid is made by mixing solutions of iodide
of potassium and tartaric acid; filtering the liquor
ACIDE ACETIQUE FAIBLE 2 8
ACIDUM ACETICUM
to separate the bitartrate of potassa, and adding
■water to make the resulting hydriodio acid of
definite strength.
It has been used in the same cases as the pre-
parations of iodine in general, but is rarely em-
ployed.
Acin, HYDnocHLORONiTRic, Nitro-muriatic acid
— a. Hydrocyanic, Hydrocyanic acid — a. Hydro-
cyanic, dilute, see Hydrocyanic acid — a. Hydro-
sulphuric, Hydrogen, sulphuretted — a. Hydrothi-
onic. Hydrogen, sulphuretted — a. Igasuric : see
Jatropha curcas.
Acid, Iodic, Ac"idiim lod'icum, (F.) Acide
lodique. This is obtained by boiling iodine with
nitric acid ; or by decomposing iodate of baryta
by dilute Kitlphnric acid. It is a white, transpa-
rent solid, slightly deliquescent, and very soluble
in water. It has been given with sulphate of
quinia in hoarseness, scrofula, incipient phthisis,
chronic inflammation, syphilis, etc. Dose three
to six grains, or more.
Acid, Lactic, see Lactic acid.
Acid of Lemons, Citric acid — a. Litbenic, Uric
acid — a. Lithiasic, Uric acid— a. Lithic, Uric acid
— a. Marine Dephlogisticated, Chlorine — a. Lac-
tic, Lactic acid — a. Marine dulcified, Spiritus
aetheris niuriatici — a. Mephitic, Carbonic acid —
a. of Milk, Lactic acid — a. Muriatic, see Muria-
ticuin acidum — a. Muriatic, dilute, Muriaticum
acidum — a. Nanceic, Lactic acid — a. Nitric, see
Nitric acid — a. Nitric, dilute, see Nitric acid —
a. Nitro-hydrochloric, Nitro-muriatic acid — a.
Nitro-muriatic, see Nitro-muriatic acid — a. Ni-
trous, dephlogisticated. Nitric acid — a. Oxysep-
tonic. Nitric acid — a. Picric, Acid, carbazotic
— a. Polygalic, see Polygala senega — a. Prus-
sic, Hydrocyanic acid — a. Pyroligneous, see Ace-
ticum acidum — a. Pyrolignic, Pyroligneous acid
— a. Rosacic, see Porphyruria — a. of Sorrel, Oxa-
lic acid — a. of Sugar, Oxalic acid — a. Sulphhydric,
Hydrogen sulphuretted — a. Sulpho-hydric, Hy-
drogen sulphuretted — a. Sulphuric, see Sul-
phuric acid — a. Tannic, Tannin — a. Uric, Uric
acid — a. Urino-benzoic, Acid, hippuric — a. Uro-
benzoic, A. Hippuric — a. Urous, Uric oxide — a.
Urylic, Uric acid.
ACIDE ACETIQUE FAIBLE, see Acetieum
acidum — a. Azotique, Nitric acid — a. Boracique,
Boracic acid — a. Chromiqne, Chromic acid — a.
GalUque, Acid, gallic — a. Hydrocynniqne, Hydro-
cyanic acid — a. Hi/drosulfurique, Hydrogen, sul-
phuretted— a. lodiqne, Acid, iodic — a. Lactiqne,
Lactic acid — 17. Nitrique, Nitric acid — a. Phos-
))li<>riqtte, Phosphoric acid — a. Prttsxiqne, Hydro-
cyanic acid — a. Pyroacetique, Pyroligneous acid
— a. Pyroligniqne, Pyroligneous acid — a. Sii/fa-
renx, Sulphurous acid — a. Sidfurique, Sulphuric
jicid — a. Sulfariqite delays, Sulphuricum acidum
dilutuni — a. Tatniiqice, Tannin — a. Tartrique,
Tartaric acid — a. Urique, Uric acid.
ACIDITATIO, Acidities.
ACID'ITIES, Aco'ren, Acidi'ta'tio, Ae"idiim
morho'sum seu prima' rum via'rum, Ox'ytes, Sordes
ae'idcB, (F.) Aigreurs. Sourness of the stomach,
the result of indigestion, indicated by acid eruc-
tations, etc. The affection is very common in
children, and must be obviated by absorbents,
as masrnesia, chalk, etc., and by regulated diet.
ACIDOLOG"IA, from aKH, aKdoi, 'a point, a
sharp instrument,' and \ayoi, 'a description.' A
description of surgical instruments.
ACIDOM'ETER, (F.) Acidometre, Piee-acide,
from acid, and ftcrpov, 'measure.' A hydrometer
for determinins the density of acids.
ACIDS, Ae"idn, Aco'res, are liquid, solid, or
gaseous bodies, possessed of a sour, more or less
caustic taste, and the principal character of which
is the capability of saturating, wholly or in part,
the alkaline properties of bases.
Acids, in general, are refrigerant and antiscp-
tic. Their particular uses are pointed out unUer
the individual articles. , . , ,
To ACID'ULATB, (F.) Aigmser, Aciduler.
To render acidulous, or slightly acid.
ACID' VLOVS, Ac id' idiis, Suba"cHlun, Oxo cles,
Oxoi'des, (F.) Acidide, Aiyrclet. Substances are
so called which possess a sourish taste, as tama-
rinds, cream of tartar, etc.
Acidulous Fruits. Oranges, gooseberries, etc.
Acidulous Waters, ^(ywa; Acidula. Mineral
waters containing carbonic acid gas sufficient to
render them sourish. Sec AVaters, mineral.
Acidulous Water, Simple, Aqua Ac"idi Car-
bon'id (Ph. U. S.) Aqua a'eris fixi seu ucid'-
ula simplex, Liquor seu Aqua Soda: efferves'cenn,
Aqua Carbona'tiB SodcB acid'ula, Soda water, iVi-
neral water, (F.) Eati acidule sivqde, is water
impregnated with fixed air.
Water, so impregnated, is cooling and slightly
stimulating. It is used beneficially in dyspepsia,
and in cases of vomiting, etc.
ACIDUM ACETICUM, Acetieum acidum— a.
Acetieum aromaticum, Acetum aromaticum — a.
Acetieum camphoratum, see Acetieum acidum —
a. Acetieum dilutum, see Acetieum acidum — a.
Acetieum e Ligno venale, Pyroligneous acid — a.
Acetieum empyreumaticum, Pyroligneous acid —
a. Acetieum glaciale, Acetieum acidum — a. Ace-
tieum Scilliticum, Acetum scilla? — a. Acetosella»,
Oxalic acid — a. Acetosum, Acetum — a. Allantni-
cum, Allantoic acid — a. Amnicum, Amniotic acid
— a. Arsenicosum, Arsenious acid — a. Arsenio-
sum (Ph. U. S.), Arsenicum album — a. Azoticum,
Nitric acid — a. Benzoicum, Benjamin, Flowers
of — a. Benzoylicum, Benzoin, Flowers of — a.
Boracicum, Boracic acid — a. Borussicuin, Hydro-
cyanic acid — a. Carbazoticuni, Acid, carbazotic —
a. Carbonicum, Carbonic acid — a. Citricum, Citric
acid — a. Gallicum, Acid, gallic — a. Hydriodicuiii,
Acid, hydriodic — a. Ilydrocarbonicum, O.xnlic
acid — a. Hydrochloricum, Muriaticum acidum —
a. Hydrocyanicum, Hydrocyanic acid — a. Hydro-
cyanicum dilutum, see Hydrocyanic acid — a.
Hydrothionicum liquidum, see Hydrosulphuretted
water — a. lodicum. Acid, iodic — a. Jatrophicum,
see Jatropha curcas — a. Lacticum, Lactic acid —
a. Ligneum, Pyroligneous acid — a. Ligni pyro-
oleosum, Pyroligneous acid — a. Lignorum empy-
reumaticum, Pyroligneous acid — a. Limonis, Ci-
tric acid — a. Lithicum, Uric acid — a. Marinum
concentratum, Muriaticum acidum — a. Morbo-
sum, Acidities — a. Muriaticum, Muriaticum aci-
dum— a. Muriaticum dilutum, Muriaticum acidum
— a. Muriaticum nitroso-oxygenatum, Nitro-
muriatic acid — a. Nitri, Nitric acid — a. Nitri
dulcificatum, Spiritus aetheris nitrici — a. Nitri-
cum. Nitric acid — a. Nitricum dilutum, Nitric
acid — a. Nitro-muriaticum, Nitro-muriatic acid —
a. Oxalinum, Oxalic acid — a. Phosphoricuin,
Phosphoric acid — a. Picricum, Acid, carbazotic
— a. Primarum viarum, Acidities — a. Prussicum,
Hydrocyanic acid — a. Pyroaceticum, Pyrolig-
neous acid — a. Pyroligneum, Pyroligneous acid
— a. Pyroxylicum, Pyroligneous acid — a. Querci-
tannicum, Tannin — a. Sacchari, Oxalic acid — a.
Saccharinum, Oxalic acid — a. Sails, Muriaticum
acidum — a. Sails culinaris, Muriaticum acidum — •
a. Salis marini, Muriaticum acidum — a. Scytode-
phicum, Tannin — a. Septicum, Nitric acid — a.
Succinicum, Succinic acid — a. Sulphuricum, Sul-
phuric acid — a. Sulphuricum alcoolisatuin, Elixir
acidum Halleri — a. Sulphuricum aromaticum,
Sulphuric acid, aromatic — a. Sulphuricum dilu-
tum. Sulphuric acid, diluted — a. Suljihuris vola-
tile, Sulphurous acid — a. Sulphurosicum, Sulphu-
rous acid — a. Tannicum, Tannin — a. Tartari es-
sentiale. Tartaric acid — a. Tartaricum, Tartaric
acid — a. Tartarosum, Tartaric acid- -a. Uricum,
ACIDURGIA
29
ACONITUM
Uric acid — a. Urolithicutn, Uric acid — a. Vitrio-
licuin, Sulphuric acid — a. Vitriolicum aroiuati-
cuiii, Sul))liuricum aciduin aromaticum — a. Vi-
triolicum alcohole aromaticum, Sulpliuricum aci-
dum aromaticum — a. Vitriolicum viiiosum, Elixir
aciduin llalleri — a. Zooticum, Hydrocyanic acid
— a. Zootinicum, Hydrocyanic acid.
ACIDURUIA, Surgery (operative).
AClEli, Clialybs.
ACIES, Chiilyi)s — a. Di^'itorum manus, Pha-
langes of the fingers — a. Uiurna, Hcmeralopia.
ACIXE, Acinus.
ACINE'SIA, Acine'si's, Ahine'fihi, Immohil'i-
tuH, Qiiien, Jic(/iiiei!, Itequle'tio, Exi/ch'ia, Erem'ia,
from a, privative, and Kiviian, 'motion,' xivctD, 'I
move.' Rest. Immobility. Also, the interval
between the systole and diastole of the heart —
Pciraai/s'tole.
Under the term Acineaes, Romberg includes
the paralytic neuroses, or those that are charac-
terized by defect of motive power.
ACINI OF MALPIGIII, Corpora Malpig-
hiana.
ACINTPORMIS (TUNICA), Choroid, Uvea.
ACINUS, A. g/aiidiilo'sus, from ac"inuii, 'a
grape-stone,' (F.) Acine. A yUttidiform corpus-
cle, in which secretion was supposed to take
place, find the excretory radicle to arise. Acini
are the (jlnh'idi arterui'rum ter'mini of Nichols.
The term ac"ini (/loiidulo'si has also been given
to glands which, like the pancreas, are arranged,
as it were, in clusters. Glands thus formed have
been called (/laii'dulai nciiio'xcB. See Lobule.
ACIPENSER, see Ichthyocolla.
ACIUlKiIA, Surgery (operative).
ACLEITROCARDIA, Cyanopathy.
ACMAS'TICUS, from nx/j;/, 'the top,' and crraw,
' I remain.' A fever which preserves an equal
degree of intensity throughout its course. It is
also called Honiot'onos. The Greeks gave it the
name of E/innnms'ticos, and Si/>i'ocho8, when it
went on increasing, and Paracmas'ticos, when it
decreased. — Galen.
ACME, Vigor, Cor'yphe, Cidmina'tto, Stntnn,
FaHti<i"ium. The period of a disease at which
the symptoms are most violent. Arche, Apx'^i i^
'the commencement;' anah'asis, avafiaais, 'the
period of increase;' and acme, aK/irj, 'the height,'
(F.) Flat.
ACMELLA, Spilanthus acmella — a. Mauriti-
ana, Spilanthus acmella.
ACMON, Incus.
ACNE, Acna, Ion' thus varus, Varus, Psydra'cia
Acne, Stone Pock, Whelk, Bnhucle, (F.) Aenf.,
Dartre pnstuleuse disHeminee. A small pimple
or tubercle on the face. — Gorrajus. Foesius
thinks the word ought to be Acme; and, accord-
ing to Cassius, it is, at all events, derived from
aKfiri, 'vigour;' the <iisease affecting those in the
vigour of life especially.
Willan and Bateinan have adopted the term in
their Nosology of cutaneous diseases, and placed
it in the order Tubkucula. Acne, with them, is
an eruption of distinct, hard, inflamed tubercles,
sometimes continuing for a considerable length
of time, and sometimes suppurating slowly and
partially. They usually appear on the forehead,
temples, and chin, and are common to both sexes;
but the most severe forms are seen in young men.
They require but little management, and consist
of four varieties : Acne indiira'ta, A. simplex,
(Hnplo'dcne), A. pnncta'ta (Ton'thus varus punc-
ta'tuH Pniirtm niuco'sa;, Criiio' nes, Comedo'nes
or Maiiifot Pimple, Worms, Grubs), and A. rosa'-
ceo. — See Gnttn Rosea.
AcvK Mkn'tacra. Sycosis — a. Rosacea, Gutta
j^osea a. of the Throat, Pharyngitis-, follicu-
lar.
ACNE'MIA, Akne'mia, from a, privatire, and
Kvtnjiri, 'the leg.' Absence of legs.
ACNE, Acne — a. Molluscoide, Molluscum.
ACNES'TIS, from a, privative, and Kvativ, 'to
scratch.' The part of the spine which extends,
in quadrupeds, from between the shoulders to the
loins. According to Pollux, the middle of the
loins. The vertebral column.
ACNESTOS, Cneorum tricoccum.
ACOE, Audition, Ear.
ACCE'LIOS, from a, privative, and xoiXia, 'belly.'
Devoid of belly. One who is so emaciated as to
appear to have no belly. — Galen.
ACOKMETER, Acoumeter.
ACOEMETRUM, Acoumeter.
ACOENOSI, Aconusi.
ACOESIS, Audition.
ACOGNOSIA, Pharraacognosia.
ACOLASIA, Intemperance.
ACOLOGY, Materia Medica.
ACONE, Mortar.
ACONIT A GRANDS FLEURS, Aconitum
cammarum — a. Snhitaire, Aconitum anthora.
ACONITA, see Aconitum napellus.
ACONITE, Aconitum.
ACONITI FOLIA, see Aconitum— a. Radix,
see Aconitum.
ACONITIA, see Aconitum napellus.
ACONITIN, see Aconitum napellus.
ACONITINE, see Aconitum napellus.
ACONITItIM, see Aconitum napellus.
ACONI'TUM, from Ac'one, a place in Bithy-
nia, where it is common. Cynnc'tonou, Parda-
lian'ches, Pardalian'cham, Oanici'da, Ac'oiiite,
Wolfsbane, Uonkshood. Ord. Ranunculaceaj.
Sex. Si/st. Polyandria Trigynia.
Aconitum, Aconite, in the Pharmacopoeia of
the United States, 1842, is the leaves of Aconi-
tum napellus, and A. paniculatum. In the last
edition, 1851, Aconiti folia is the officinal name
for the leaves, Aconiti radix for that of the
root.
Aconi'tcm An'thora, a. Salutif'erum sen
Nemoro' sum seu Candol'lei seu Jacquini seu Eu'lo-
phum seu Anthoroideum, An'thora vulyn'ris, An'-
thora, Antith'ora, Sal'utary Jfonkshood, Whole-
some Wolfsbane, Yellow helmet flower, (¥.) Aconit
salutaire. The root of this variety, as of all the
rest, is poisonous. It is used as a cathartic and
anthelmintic. Dose ^ss to ^j-
Aconitum Anthokoideum, A. anthora.
Aconi'tum Cam'marum, A. pio'iicula'tum, A.
macran'thum, A. Kusnezo'vii, (P.) Aconit d
grands feurs, resembles Aconitum Napellus in
properties.
Aconitum Candollei, A. anthora — a. Eulo-
phum, A. anthora.
Aconitum Ferox, a most violentranunculaceous
poison, which grows in Nepaul, and is the Bish
or liikh jwison of that country. Its effects are
like those of the Aconitum Nai)ellus.
Aconitum Jacquini, A. anthora — a. Kusnezovii,
A. cammarum — a. Macranthum, A. cammarum.
Aconi'tum Napel'lus, Aconi'tum Napel'lus
verus. Common Jfonkshood or Wolfsbane, A. Nc-
omonta'num, (F.) Chaperon de Maine. The leaves
are narcotic, sudorific, and deobstruent (?) They
have been used in chronic rheumatism, scrofula,
scirrhus, paralysis, amaurosis, etc. The active
principle is called Aconit'ia, Aeonitl'na, Aconi'tn,
Aconit'ium or Aconitine. A form for its prepara-
tion is contained in the Ph. U. S. (1851). It is
made by treating an alcoholic extract of the root
with dilute sidphuric acid; precipitating hy solu-
tion of ammonia; dissolving the precipitate in
dilute sulphuric acid ; treating with animal char-
coal; again precipitating with solution of ammO''
ACONUSI
30
ACRID
'»i('a/ wasliing with water, and drying- It re-
quires 150 parts of cold and 50 of boiUng water
to dissolve it, but is readily dissolved by alcohol
and ether. It neutralizes the acids, and forms
with them uncrystallizable salts. It has been
used internally, and especially applied exter-
nally, in neuralgic eases, iatraleptically and en-
dermieally. Dose of Aoonitum, gr. j. to gr. iij.
AcoNiTUM Nkmouosum, a. anthora — a. Neo-
montanum, A. napellus — a. Paniculatum, A. eam-
niarum — a. Kacemosum, Actaja spicata — a. Salu-
tiferum, A. anthora.
AcoxiTtrii U.ncina'tum, Wild Monkshood, in-
di;;euous, is said to have similar virtues with
Aconitura napellus.
ACONU'St, Acoeii'om', Acoon'om, from axon,
'audition,' and vovaoi, 'disease.' Morbi au'riuui
et audi'tdg. Diseases of the ear and audition.
ACOONOSI, Aconusi.
AC'OPIS. Same etymon as the next. Pliny
gives this name to a precious stone, which was
boiled in oil and used against weariness.
AC'OPON, from a, privative, and/cojrof, 'weari-
ness.' A remedy against weariness — Foesius, Gor-
raeus, (fee. Ac'opum, — Celsus, Pliny. SeeAnagyris.
ACOPIIIA, Constipation.
ACOPROSIS, Constipation.
ACOR BENZOINUS, Benjamin — a. Boraci-
cus, Boracic acid — a. Succineus, Succinic acid —
ti.. Sulphuris, Sulphuric acid — a. Tartaricus, Tar-
taric acid.
ACORE BATARD, Iris pseudacorus — a.
Fitux, Iris pseudacorus — o, Odorant, Acorus
calamus.
ACORKS, Acids, and Acidities.
ACOR'IA, from a, privative, and xopcta, 'I sa-
tiiite.' An inordinate or canine appetite. — Hip-
])oerates.
ACORI'TES. A wine madeof Acorns.— Dios-
corides.
ACOR'MUS, from a, privative, and Kopfxoi,
'trunk.' A monster devoid of a trunk. — Gurlt.
ACORN, JUPITER'S, Fagus castanea — a.
Oily, Ouilandina moringa — a. Sardinian, Fagus
castanea.
ACORNS. See Quereus alba.
ACORUS ADULTERINUS, Iris pseudacorus.
Ac'oRUS Cal'amus, yl. Vents sen Braziiien'sis,
Cfd'nnnis Aroiiifit'icus seu Odova'tus sen Viih/a'-
ris, Ti/i>!ni Arnmot'ica, Clava liiiijo'sa, Sweetflag
or Ac'oriis, Fhigroot, Sweet cane, 3Iyrtle Flag,
Sweet grass, Sweet root, Sweet rush. (F.) Joiic
roseau ou Canne aromatiqne, Acore odorant.
Ord. Aroideae ; Acoracea. (Lindley.) Se.v. Si/st.
Hexandria Monogynia. The rhizoma — Cal'amus
(Ph. U. S. — is stomachic and carminative, but is
rarely used. It is regarded as a good adjuvant
to bark and quinia in intermittents.
AcoRus Palostris, Iris pseudacorus — a. Vul-
garis, Iris pseudacorus.
ACOS. Medicament.
ACOS'MIA, from a, privative, and kobjio?, 'or-
der, ornament.' Disorder, irregularity in the
critical days, according to Galen, who uses the
word Koaiioi for regularity in those days. Others,
and particularly Pollux, call bald persons aKoafioi,
because they are deprived of one of their most
beautiful ornaments.
ACOU'METER, Aeouom'eter, Acnem'eter, Aco-
em'etrnm, Acu' meter, Aciisim'eier, (F.) Acoiimitre,
from aicouta), ' I hear,' and iterfjov, ' measure.' An
instrument designed by M. Itard for measuring
the degree of hearing.
ACOUMETRE, Acoumeter.
ACOUOPHO'NIA, Copho'nia; from okovo,,
*I hear,' and <p(i>vri, 'voice,' "Ans'cultntort/ Per-
eua'sion." A mode of auscultation, in which the
observer places his ear on the chest, and an.alyzes
the sound produced by percussion. — Donne.
ACOUS'MA, an imaginary noise. Depraved
sense of hearing.
ACOUS'TIC, Aciis'ticus, (F.) Acoustique. That
which belongs to the ear; as Acoustic nerve,
Acoustic trumpet.
Acoustic Medicine is one used in diseased
audition. ^
ACOUSTICO-BfALLEEN, Laxator tympani.
AcOUS'ticS, Acus'tica. (F.) Acoustique. The
part of physics which treats of the theory of
sounds. It is also called Phonics.
ACOUSTIQUE, Acoustic, Acoustics.
ACQUA BINELLI, Aqua Binellii — a. Broc-
chieri. Aqua Brocchierii — a. Monterossi, Aqujt
Binellii — a. di Napoli, Liquor arsenicalis — a.
della Toffana, Liquor arsenicalis.
ACQUETTA, Liquor Arsenicalis.
ACQUI, MINERAL WATERS OF. These
thermal sulphureous springs are in Pi6draont.
Their temperature is 167° Fahr., and they con-
tain sulphohydric acid and chloride of sodium.
ACQUIRED DISEASES, 31orbi acqui^'iti,
31. adventi'tii, 3f. epicte'ti. Adventitious diseases.
(F.) 3Inladies acquises. Diseases which occur
after birth, and which are not dependent upon
hereditary predisposition.
ACRAI'PALA, from a, privative, and Kpama^ri,
'drunkenness.' Remedies against the effects of
a debauch. — Gorraeus.
ACRA'LEA, from an-pus, 'extremity.' The ex-
treme parts of the body, as the head, hands, feet,
nose, ears, <fec. — Hippocrates and Galen. 'See
Acrea.
ACRA'NIA, from a, privative, and Kpaviov, 'the
cranium.' AVant of cr:inium, whollj' or in part.
ACllA'SIA, from a, privative, or 'bad,' and
Kpaoii, ' mixture.' Intemperance. Excess of any
kind. Surfeit.
It has been employed to denote debility, syno-
nymously with Acratia; but this may have been
a typographical inaccuracy.
ACRATI'A, from a, privative, and Koaros,
'strength.' Impotence; weakness, fainting.
ACRATIS'MA, from a, privative, and KSjiav-
vvfit, ' to mix.' A breakfast, consisting of bread
steeped in wine, not mixed with water. — Galen,
Athenffius.
ACRATOM'ELI, from aKparov, 'pure wine,'
and pcXi, 'honey.' Wine mixed with honey.
ACRATOPE'GiE, Alrat<ipe'ga>, from a, priv.a-
tive, KpiiToi, 'strength,' and -nriYri, 'a spring.'
Mineral waters having no marked chemical qua-
lities.
ACRATOPOS'IA, from ncratum, and roan,
' drink.' The drinking of pure or unmixed wine
A'CRATUM, aKparov, from a, privative, and
Kparoi, 'strength.' Unmixed wine, Acratum
vinum, Vinum merum.
ACRATURE'SIS, from acratia, 'weakness,'
and ovpijatg, from ovpov, 'urine,' 'the act of dis-
charging the urine.' Inability to void the urine,
from paralysis of the bladder.
ACRE. The extremity or tip of the nose.
A'CREA, Acrote'ria, from oKpo;, ' the summit.'
The extreme parts of' the body, as the feet, hands,
ears, <fee.
Also the extreme parts of animals that are used
as food, Acroco'lia.
ACRID, from oKpo;, 'pointed,' or from n/cif, 'a
point,' Acer. An epithet for substances which
occasion a disagreeable sense of irritation or of
constriction at the top of the throat.
Acrid heat, (F.) Choleur &cre,\s one that causes
a hot tingling sensation at the extremities of the
fingers.
Acrid Poisov, See Poison.
AcuiDS, in Pathology, are certain imaginary
ACRIDOPIIAGI
31
ACT.EA CIMICIFUGA
substances, supposed by the humourists to exist
in the humours, and to cause various diseases.
See Acrimony.
ACIllDOPH'AGI.from aKpi(,aKpi&oi, 'alocust,'
and (payuy, ' I eat.' LocuH-eaters. Acridophagous
tribes are said to exist in Africa. — Strabo.
ACRIMONY, Acu'ituB, Acrimo'nin, from acer,
' acrid,' aicij, ' a point.' Acrimony of the humours.
An imaginary acrid change of the blood, lymph,
Ac, which, by the humourists, was conceived to
cause many diseases.
ACRIN'IA, from a, privative, and xpivta, 'I
separate.' A diminution in the quantity, or a
total susipension, of the secretions.
ACRIiS, a sharp bony prominence. Also, the
locust.
ACRI'SIA, Acri'aia, from a, privative, and
Kptais, 'judgment.' A condition of disease, in
■which no judgment can be formed ; or in which
an unfavourable opinion must be given. — Hipp,
and Galen.
ACRISIS, Acrisia.
ACRIT'ICAL. Ac'ritoK, (F.) Acritique,iTom a,
privative, and Kptais, 'judgment.' That which
takes place without any crisis, or which does not
foretell a crisis ; as a critical symptom, abscess, <fec.
ACRITOS, Acritical.
ACRIVIOLA, Tropseolum majus.
ACROBYS'TIA, u4cropo«'Mia, from aicpof, 'top,'
and (ivd), ' I cover.' The extremity of the prepuce.
— Hippocrates, Rufus.
ACROBYSTITIS, Posthitis.
ACROCHEIR', Acrochir', Acrocheir'on, from
oKpoi, 'extremity,' and x^^P> ' ^^^ hand.' The
forearm and hand. — Gorrajus. Also, the hand.
ACROCHOR'DON, from aKpos, 'extremity,'
and X''f^'i' '^ string.' A tumour which hangs by
a pedicle. A kind of hard wart, Verru'ca pens' -
His. — Aetius, Celsus.
ACROCIIORlvS'MUS, from axpof, 'extremity,'
and xopcvui, ' I dance.' A kind of dance, with
the ancients, in which the arms and legs were
violently agitated.
ACROCOLIA, Acrea.
ACROCOLIUM, Acromion.
ACROD'RYA, from a/cpoj, 'extremity,' and
ipvi, ' a tree.' Autumnal fruits, as nuts, ap-
ples, <fec.
ACRODY'N'IA, Eri/the'ma acrod'ynum, E.
ocrodi/u'ia, Ohiropodal' (jia, (F.) Acrodynle, 3fal
dea pieds et dcs mains, from oKpos, 'extremity,'
and o&vvn, ' pain.' A j)aiuful aflFection of the
wrists and ankles especially, which appeared in
Paris as an epidemic, in 1828 and 1829. It was
supposed by some to be rheumatic, by others to
be owing to spinal irritation. It appears to have
been the siinie as Dengue.
ACROLENION, Olecranon.
ACROMASTIUM, Nipple.
ACROMIA, Acromion.
ACRO'MIAL, Acromia'lis. Relating to the
Acromion.
Acromial Ar'terv, External Scap'vlar, A.
Arle'ria Th(irac"ica humern'lis, Artere troisieme
des Thornciques, — (Ch.) A. Thoracique hnme-
rale, arises from the anterior part of the axillary
artery, opposite the upper edge of the pectoralis
minor. It divides into two branches : one, supe-
rior • the other, inferior, — the branches of which
are distributed to the subclavius, serratus major
anticus, first intercostal, deltoid, and pectoralis
major muscles, as well as to the shoulder joint,
&c. They anastomose with the superior scapular,
thoracic, ami circumfiox arteries.
Acromial N k r v e s, 2\^ervi acromin'les.
Brandies of the fourth cervical nerve, which are
distributed to the acromial region.
Acromial Vein has the same arrangement as
the artery.
ACRO'MIO-CORACOrDEUS. Belonging to
the acromion and coracoid process.
The triangular ligament between the acromion
and coracoid process of the scapula is so called.
ACRO'MION, Acro'niiiiin, Acro'mia, Acro'mis,
from oKpoi, ' the top,' and w/ios, ' the shoulder.'
Os Acro'mii, JJu'merua suvimus, Armi/s si/z/i/inoi,
3hicro hu'meri, liostrnm porci'iium. Caput Scop'-
ul<B, Acroco'lium. The process which terminates
the spine of the scapula, and is articulated with
the clavicle.
ACROMIS, Acromion.
ACROMPHALIUM, Acromphalon.
A C R 0 M'P H A L 0 N, Acrompha'litim, from
oKpos, 'the top,' and op^a)\oi, 'the navel.' Ttie
extremity of the umbilical cord, which remains
attached to the foetus after birth.
ACROMYLE. Patella.
ACRO-NARCOTIC, See Poison.
A'CRONYX, from uKpos, 'the summit,' and
ovuf, 'the nail.' Growing in of the nail.
ACROPARAL'YSIS, from a/cuoj, ' extremity,'
and jrapaAuCTij, 'palsy;' ParaV y sis extremita' turn,
Palsy of the extremities. — Fucbs.
AGROPOSTHIA, Acrobystia.
ACROPOSTHITIS, Posthitis.
ACROPSI'LON, from aKpos, ' extremity,' and
ifiXos, ' naked.' The extremity of the glans penis.
ACRORIA, Vertex.
ACRORRHEU'MA, Rhenmatis'mns extremitn'-
tum, from uKpos, ' extremity,' a,nd pcv/ia, ' defluxion,
rheumatism.' Rheumatism of the extremities.
ACROS, axpoi, 'extremity, top.' The strength
of the Athletai, and of diseases ; the prominences
of bones; the extremities of the lingers, <tc. See
Acrocheir, Acromion, Ac.
ACROSTICHUM POLYPODIOIDES, Poly-
podiuin incanum.
ACROTERIA, Acrea. See Extremity.
ACROTERIASIS, Acroteriasmus.
AGROTERIAS'MUS, Acroteri'asis, from fl«po-
rripia, ' the extremities ;' hence aKporrn)ia^iiv. ' to
mutilate.' Amputation of the extremities.
ACROTHYM'ION, from aKpos, 'top.' and
■9-u^oi', 'thyme.' A kind of conical, rugous, bloody
wart, a " moist wart," compared by Celsus to the
flower of thyme.
ACROT'ICA, from axpos, 'summit.' Diseases
affecting the excernent functions of the external
surface of the body.
Pravity of the liuids or emunctories that open
on the external surface ; without fever or other
internal affection as a necessary accompaniment.
The 3d order of the class Eccrit'ica of Good.
ACROTISMUS, Asphyxia.
ACT, Actus, from actum, past participle of
agere, ' to do,' 'a thing done.' The effective ex-
ercise of a power or faculty. The action of an
agent. Acte is used by the French, to signify
the public discussion, which occurs in supporting
a thesis; — thus, souton'r tin Acte mix Eroles de
Medecine, is, 'to defend a Thesis in the Schools
of Medicine.'
ACTA, Gesta.
ACTiEA CIMICIFUGA, A. racemosn.
Act^'a Racemo'sa, a. Cimici/'iiya, Cimicif-
uqa racemo'sa. Macro' try s racemo'sa, Bot'rophia
Serpentn' ria (.?), Serpenta'ria nigra, Black snake-
root, liichweed, Cohosh, Squaw root, Jiattleweed,
Black Cohosh. (F.) Actee it grappes, Scrpentaire
noire. Ord. Ranunculaceas. Sex. Si/st. Polyan-
dria Pentagynia. A common plant in the United
Statep. The root, Cimicif 'tiga (Ph. U. S.), is as-
tringent; and, according to Barton, has been
successfully used, in the form of a decoction, as
a gargle in putrid sore throat. A decoction of
the root cures the itch. It is acro-narcotic, and
ACTE
82
ADDUCENS OCULI
tas been used in rheumatism, acute and chronic ;
chorea, <fcc.
Act.«'a Spica'ta, Christophoria'na sptca'ta,
Aconi'tuni racemo'sum, Bnneberry, Herb Chria'-
topher. (F.) Herbe St. Christojthe. A perennial
herbaceous European plant, the root of which
resembles that of the black hellebore. The root
is cathartic, and sometimes emetic, and in over-
doses may produce dangerous consequences.
ActcB'a Americn'na, of which there are two
varieties, A. alba and A. rubra, — white and red
cohosh, — is indigenous in the United States. It
has the same properties as A. spicata.
ACTE, Sambucus.
ACTE^, Act.
ACTEE d GRAPPES, Actaea racemosa.
ACriF, Active.
ACTIO, Action, Function.
ACTION, Ac'tio, Opcra'tio, Energi' a. Praxis :
from agere, actum, ' to act.' Mode in which one
object influences another.
The animal actions are those that occur in the
animal body : the vital, those that are essential
to life : the physiological, those of a healthy cha-
racter : the pathological or morbid, those that
occur in disease, &e. The ancients divided the
physiological actions into vital, animal, natural,
sexual, particular, general, &c. See Function.
ACTIONES NATURALES, see Function.
ACTIVE, same etymon. Bras' ticus, Aeti'vus,
Sthen'icus, Hypersthen'icus. (F.) Actif. This
adjective is used, in Pathology, to convey the idea
of superabundant energy or strength. Active
symptoms, e.g. are those of excitement. In The-
rapeutics, it signifies energetic : — as, an active
treatment. The French use the expression Me-
decine agissante, in contradistinction to Medecine
expectanfe. In Physiology, active has a similar
signification, many of the functions being divided
into active and passive.
ACTON. A village near London, at which
there is a purgative mineral spring, like that at
Epsom.
ACTUAL. Same etymon as active. That
which acts immediately. A term usually re-
stricted to the red-hot iron, or to heat in any
form; in contradistinction to the 2iotential or vir-
tual, which is applied to caustics or escharoties.
ACTUA'RIUS. Originally a title of dignity
given to the Byzantine physicians.
ACTUS PARTURITIONIS, Parturition.
ACUITAS, Acrimony.
ACULEUS LIGNEUS, Splinter.
ACUMETER, Acoumeter.
A'CUPUNCTURE, Acupunctu'ra, Acupuncta'-
tion, Actipunctura'tion, from acus, ' a needle,' and
punctura, a puncture,' A surgical operation,
much in use amongst the Chinese and Japanese,
which consists in puncturing p^rts with a very
fine needle. It has been employed, of late years,
in obstinate rheumatic affections, <fec., and appa-
rently with success. Acupuncture is likewise a
mode of infanticide in some countries ; the needle
being forced into the brain through the fonta-
nelles, or into the spinal marrow, ic.
ACURGIA, Surgery (operative).
ACUS, Needle — a. Capitati),, Pin — a. Invagi-
nata, see Needle — a. Ophthalmica, see Needle —
a. Paracentica, Trocar — a. Paracentetica, Trocar
— a. Triquetra vulgaris, Trocar — a. Veneris,
Eryngium campestre.
ACUSIMETER, Acoumeter.
ACUSIS, Audition.
ACUSTICA, Acoustics.
ACUSTICUS, Auditory.
ACUTE, Acu'tus, Oxys, o^vg, (nKis, *a point.')
(F.) Aigu. A disease which, with a certain de-
gree of severity, has a rapid progress, and short
duration, is said to be " acute."— Oxynose'ma,
O.ryn'osos, 0.ri/nu'sos.
Diseases we're formerly subdivided into Moibi
aautis'simi, very acute, or those which liist only
three or four days: M. subaculis'simi, which con-
tinue seven days : and M. subacu'ti, or those
which last from twenty to forty days.
The antithesis to acute is chronic. Acute, when
applied to pain, sound, cries, &c., means sharp.
ACUTENACULUM, Porte-aiguille.
ACYANOBLEP'SIA, from o, privative, Kvavoi.
'blue,' and ffXcnio, 'I see.' Defective visiim,
which consists in incapability of distinguishing
blue. — Gijthe. See Achromatopsia.
ACYESIS, Sterilitas.
ACYRUS, Arnica montana.
ACYSTINERVIA, Cystoparalysis.
ACYSTURONERVIA, Cystoparalysis.
ACYSTUROTROPHIA, Cystatrophia.
ACYTERIUS, Abortive.
ADACA. The Sphasran'thus In'dicus, a Mala-
bar plant, which is acrid and aromatic.
ADAC'RYA, from a, privative, and iaKpvia, 'I
weep.' Defective secretion of tears.
ADiEMONIA, Anxiety.
ADAKO'DIEN. A Malabar plant of the fa-
mily Apocynea3, used in that country in diseases
of the eyes.
AD'ALI, Lip'pin. A Malabar plant, which
the Orientals regard as an antidote to the bite of
the naja.
ADAMANTINE SUBSTANCE, Enamel of
the teeth.
ADAMAS, Diamond.
ADAMI'TA, Adami'tum. A very hard, white
calculus. — Paracelsus.
The first word has been used for stone in the
bladder : the second for lithiasis or the calculous
condition.
ADAM'S APPLE, Pomum Adami.
ADANSONIA DIGITATA, Baobab.
ADAPTER, from ad and ajito, ' I fit.' A tube
employed in pharmaceutical operations for length-
ening the neck of a retort; or in cases where the
opening of the receiver is not large enough to
admit the beak of the retort.
ADAR'CE, Adar'cion, Adar'cis. A concretion
found about the reeds and grass in theinarshy
regions of Galatia, and hiding them, as it were:
hence the name, from a privative, and ^tpicw, ' I
see.' It was formerly in repute for cleansing the
skin from freckles, &c.
ADARIGO, Orpiment.
ADARNECH, Orpiment.
ADARTICULATIO, Arthrodia.
AD CUTEM ABDOM'INIS (ARTERIA). The
superficial artery of the abdomen, — a branch of the
crural or femoral, which arises at the lower part
of Poupart's ligament, and ascends towards the
umbilicus, being distributed to the integuments.
ADDAD. A Numidian plant; bitter and poi-
sonous.
ADDEPIIAG"IA, Adephng"ia, from aiinv,
'much,' and ipayctv, 'to eat.' Voraciousness.
Galen and Hott'mann have given this name to
voracious appetite in children affected with
worms. Sauvages refers it to Bulimia. Also,
the goddess of gluttony.
ADDER'S TONGUE, Ophioglossum vulgatum.
ADDISON. DISEASE OF, see Capsule, renal.
ADDITAMEN'TUM. A term once used sy-
nonymously with Epiphysis. It is now restricted
to the prolongation of two cranial sutures, the
lambdoidal and squamous.
Additame.ntum CoLi, Appendix vermiformis
c»ci— a. Neoatum, Olecranon — .a. ad Sacro-lum-
balem, see Sacro-lumbalis — a. Uncatum ulnse,
Olecranon — a. Uliiie, Radius.
ADDUCENS OCULI, Rectus internus oculi.
ADDUCTEUR DE L'CEIL
33
ADENONCOSIS
ADDUOTEUR DE VCEIL, Rectus inter-
nus ocuU — n. du Gros orteil, Adductor poUicis
pedis — a. Premier ou moi/en, Adductor longus
femoris — a. du Pouce, Adductor poHicis manQs
— n. Second ou petit, Adductor brevis — a. Troi-
eieinc ou grand. Adductor tnagnus.
ADDUCTION, Adduc'tio, from ad, 'to,' and
ducere, ' to draw.' Paragu'ge. The action by
which parts are drawn towards the axis of the
body.
The muscles which execute this function are
called Addiic'tors.
ADDUCTOR MEDII DIGITI PEDIS, Pos-
teriar niedii digiti pedis — a. Oculi, Rectus inter-
ims oculi.
Adduc'tor Metacar'pi min'imi Dig"itt, Me-
tac'tr'peuK, Gnr' po-metacar'peua min'imi di<j"iti,
is situate between the adductor and flexor, next
to the metacarpal bone. It arises, fleshy, from
the unciform process of the os unciforme, and
from the contiguous part of the annular ligament
of the wrist, and is inserted, tendinous and fleshy,
into the fore-part of the metacarpal bone of the
little finger, from its ba?e to its head.
Adduc'tou Pol'licis Manus, A. Pol'lids, A.
ad min'imum dig"itum, Metncar' j)o-phalan' ycus
pol'licis — (Ch.) (F.) Adducteur da pouce. A
muscle which arises, fleshy, from almost the
whole length of the metacarpal bone of the mid-
dle finger, and is inserted into the inner part of
the root of the first bone of the thumb.
Adduc'tor Pol'licis Pedis, Antith'enar, Me-
tatar'so-subphalan'geus pollicis. — (Ch.) Ttxrso-
metatarsi-phalnngien du ponce. (F.) Adducteur
du gros orteil. Arises by a long, thin tendon,
from the under part of the os calcis, from the os
cuboides, os cuneiforme externum, and from the
root of the metatarsal bone of the second toe. It
is divided into two fleshy portions, and is inserted
into the external sesamoid bone, and root of the
metatarsal bone of the great toe.
Bichat has given the general name, Adduc'-
tors, to those of the interosseous muscles of the
hand or foot, which perform the action of ad-
duction.
Adductor Tertii Digiti Pedis, Prior tertii
digiti pedis.
Adductors of the thigh. These are three
in number, which have, by some anatomists, been
united into one muscle — the Triceps Adduc'tor
Fem'oris.
1. Adduc'tor longus fern' oris, Adduc'tor fem'-
oris primus, Triceps minor, Pu' bio-femora' lis —
(Ch.) (F.) Premier ou moi/en adducteur. Arises
by a strong tendon from the upper and fore part
of the OS pubis and ligament of the symphysis,
at the inner side of the pectinalis. It runs down-
wards and outwards, and is inserted by a broad,
flat tendon, into the middle of the linea aspera.
2. Adduc'tor brevis, A. fem'oris secun'dus,
Triceps secun'dna, Sub-pubio-femora'fis — (Ch.)
(F.) Second ou petit Adducteur. Arises tendi-
nous from the os pubis, at the side of its sym-
physis, below and behind the last muscle. It
runs obliquely outwards, and is inserted by a
short, flat tendon into the inner and upper part
of the linea aspera, from a little below the tro-
chanter minor to the beginning of the insertion
of the adductor longus.
3. Adduc'tor magnns, Adduc'tor fem'oris ter'-
tius et (juartus, Triceps magnus, h'chio-femora'-
lig — (Ch.) (F.) Troisieme ou grand adducteur, is
much larger than either of the others. It arises
from the ramus of the pubis, from that of the
ischium, and from the tuber ischii, and is inserted
into the whole length of the linea aspera. Near
the lower part of the linea aspera it is pierced
by a kind of oblique, fibrous canal, through which
the crural artery and vein pass.
3
ADEC. The inner man. — Paracelsus.
ADECTA, Sedatives.
ADELIPARIA, Polysarcia.
ADELODAGAM. A bitter Malabar plant,
used in asthma, catarrh, and gout.
ADELPHIA, see Adelphixia.
ADELPIIIX'IA, Adeljthix'is ; from oM^oj,
'brother.' Consanguinity of parts in health or
disease; Frater'nitas, Fratra'tio. Hippocrates
used the word Adel'pihia for diseases that re- '
semble each other.
ADELPHIXIS, Sympathy.
ADEMONIA, Depres.-ion, Nostalgia.
ADEMOSYNE, Depression, Nostalgia.
ADEN, aiqv, 'a gland;' hence Adenalgia,
Adeniform, <fec. — see Gland.
ADENAL'GIA, Adenodyn'ia, from airiv, 'a
gland,' and aXyus, ' pain.' Glandular jiain.
ADENECTOP'IA, from ainv, 'a gland,' and
CKTUJTOi, ' removed from its place.' Dislocation
of a gland.
ADENEMPHRAX'IS, from ainv, 'a gland.'
and tfKppa^ii, ' obstruction.' Glandular obstruc-
tion.
ADENIES, Adenopathies angibromiques. Dis-
eases of the glands connected wirh the digestive
tube. — Piorry.
ADEN'IFORM, Adeniform' is, A denoi'des,
Ad'enoid, from Aden, 'a gland,' and Fortim,
' form or resemblance.' Glan'diform, or resem-
bling a gland.
ADENITE, Adenitis — a. Lymphatique, Lym-
phadenitis.
ADENI'TIS, from aSrjv, 'a gland,' and itis, a
termination denoting inflammation. l'lilcgmn'>siii
ade7io'sa seu glnndul'j'sa. (F.) Adenite. Glandu-
lar inflammation.
Adenitis Lyjiphatica, Lymphadenitis.
Adeni'tiS Mesentkr'ica, Ulesenter'ic Gnngli-
oni'tis. Inflammation of the mesenteric glands.
Adenitis Palpebrarum Contagiosa, see Oph-
thalmia.
ADENOCE'LE, from ai?iy, 'a gland,' and «»;>;?,
'a rupture,' 'a tumour.' Under this term Mr.
Birlvett includes tumours of the mamm;v,
which contain structures similar to, if not identi-
cal with, the normal secreting tissue of the gland,
and more especially the cysto-sarcoma, and
chronic mammary tumours of surgical authors.
ADEN0CHIRAPS0L0G"IA, from ait)v, 'a
gland,' X'-^P' ' '^^ hand,' otttw, ' I lay hold of,' and
Xoyos, 'a description.' The doctrine of curing
scrofula or the king's evil by the royal touch.
ADENOCHON'DRIUS, from air/v, 'a. gland,'
and pfoi'^pos, 'a cartilage.' Relating to gland and
cartilage, — for example, Arthrophi/'mn adcno-
chon'drium, a tumefaction of the glands and Chr-
tilages of joints.
ADENODERMIES SYPHILITIQVES, A.
symphyosiques, from airiv, ' a gland.' and Sipfto,
' skin.' Syphilitic affections of the glands of the
skin.
ADENODYNIA, Adenalgia.
ADENOG'RAPHY^, Adenogra'pTiin, from a^r]v,
' a gland,' and ypaipu, ' I describe.' That part of
anatomy which describes the glands.
ADENOID. Adeniform.
ADENOIDES, Adeniform.
ADENOL'OGY', Adenolog^ia, from airjv, 'a
gland,' and \oyos, 'a description.' A treatise on
the glands.
ADENOMALA'CIA. from a^v, 'a gland,' and
paXaKia, 'softening.' Mo-llescence or softening
of a gland.
ADENO-MENINGEAL, see Fever, adeno-
meninceal.
ADENONCOSIS, Adenophyma.
ADENONCUS
3 4
ADirOCIRE
ADENONCUS, Adenopbyraa.
ADENO-NERVOUS FEVER, Plague.
ADENOPATHIES ANGIUROMIQVES,
A rlfii irn.
ADE'NO-PHARYN'GEUS, from ainv, ' a
gland,' and <piipvy^, (p/tpvyyos, 'the pharynx.'
Some fleshy fibres, which pass from the con-
strictor pharyngis inferior to the thyroid gland,
have received this name. Their existence is not
constant.
ADE'NO-PHARYNGI'TIS. Same etymon.
Inflammation of the tonsils and pharynx.
ADENOPIITHALMIA, Ophthalmia tarsi.
ADEXOPHY'MA, Adennu'cKs, Adenonco'sis,
from aS>iv, ' a gland,' and 0u^u, ' a swelling.
Swelling of a gland, or glandiform ganglion.
(F.) (Jla)idn(je. Adeiiophyma is used by some to
signify a soft glandular swelling; — Adenoncus,
one of a harder character. — Kraus.
Ademopuvma Inguinalis. Bubo.
ADENOSCIR'RIIUS, Adenosdero'sis, from
a?riv, 'a gland,' and axippoi, 'induration.' Scir-
rhous induration of a gland.
ADENOSCLEROSIS, Adenoscirrhus.
ADENOSIS SCROPHULOSA, Scrofula.
ADKNO'SUS, (A6«ef«'«i(8). A hard, glandular
abscess, which suppurates slowly. — M. A. Seve-
rinus.
ADENOSYNCHITONITIS, Ophthalmia Neo-
natorum.
ADENOT'OMY', Adenotom'ia, from aSriv, 'a
gland,' and Ttyivui, 'I cut.' Dissection of the
glands.
ADEPHAGIA, Addephagia, Boulimia.
ADEPS. genitive Adipia, Adeps Stii'l/u.i,0r7/n'-
ginm, Phigiie'do, Lar'idum, Lardiim, Lnrd.
(Prov.) Moit, Stdlia, Swiiiemime. Pig's flare.
The fat of the hog. In the Ph. U. S.i the pre-
pared fat of »SV» scrofa, free from saline matter.
Adeps Anseri'nus, Adeps aii'seris or Goose
(jietisc, (F.) GraiHse d'Oie, is emollient. It has
been used as an emetic.
Adkps Cantharidibus Medicatus, Unguen-
tuin lyttiB medicatum — a. Cortice Daphnes gnidii
medicatus, Unguentum epispasticum de Daphne
gnidio — a. Humanus, Liquamuinia — a. Hydrar-
gyro meilicatus, Unguentum Hydrargyri — a. ex
Hydrargyro mitius dictum cinereum, Unguentum
oxidi hydrargyri cinereum — a. Hydrargyri muri-
ate oxygenate medicatus, Unguentum inuriatis
liydrnrgyri oxygenati medicatum — a. Hydrargyri
nitrate medicatus, Unguentum hydrargyri nitratis
— a. Hydrargyri oxido rubro et pluinbi acetate
medicatus, Unguentum ophthalmicum — a. Lauro
medicatus, Unguentum laurinum — a. Myristicas,
see Myristica — a. Ovilli, Sevum — a. Papavere,
liyoscyaino, et belladonna medicatus, Unguentum
populeum.
Adeps Pr^para'tus, A. SuiUna ProBpnrn'his,
Hog's lard, Bdrrtnc's grease, Lnrd, Ax'nnge,
A.rnn'gio, Axun'gia pnrci'na, (F.) Graisse de
Pore, Sniudoux, Axonge. is prepared by melting
pig's flare, and straining it. This is called ren-
dcriuf) the lard. Lard is emollient, but is chiefly
used for forming ointments and plasters.
Adeps Suillus Pr^bparatus, Adeps Praepa-
ratus — a. Sulfure et ainmoniae mtiriate medicatus,
Unguentum sulphuratum ad scabiem — a. Sulfure
et carbonate potasss medicatus, Unguentum
sulphuratum alcalinum ad scabiem — a. Tartaro
stibii medicatus, Unguentum antimonii tartarizati
— a. Oxido zinci medicatus, Unguentum oxidi
zinci impurL
ADEPT, Alchvraist.
ADEP'TA MEDICI'NA. Medicine, which
treated of diseases contracted b}' celestial opera-
ti')ns, or eoraraunicated from heaven.
Adepta PaiLosopuiA, Alchymy.
ADERMONERVIA, Dermatancurin.
ADERMOTROPH'IA, from n, pnv., Stpfia,
'skin,' and Tpo<pr,, 'nourishment.' Extenuation
or atrophy of the skin.
ADFLATUS, Afflatus.
ADILERENTIA, Adherence.
ADH/ESIO, Adherence. ,^ , , _ „
ADll ATO'B A, Ji'stic"ia ndhnto'dn. Itic il/o.
lalmr A,it Tree. (F.) Noyer de Ceylon Used
in India for expelling the dead foetus in abortion.
The word is said to convey this meaning in the
Cevlonese. , ■ ,i
ADHE'RENCE, Adhe'sion, AdhcBren tin, ton-
cre'tio, Atre'aia, Pros'physis, Proseol/e'sis, Ad.
hcB'sio, from ndhcBrere, (ad and hcBrere,) ' to stick
to.' These words are usually employed synonym-
ously. The French often use adherence for the
state of union, and adhesion for the act of ad-
hering.
ADHESION, Adherence.
ADHE'SIVE INFLAMMA'TION is that in-
flammation which terminates by an adhesion
between inflamed and separated surfaces, and
which was, at one time, supposed to be necessary
for such adiiesion.
Adhe'sive is also an epithet for certain plasters
which stick closely to the skin.
ADIANTUUM, Adiantum.
ADIANTUM, A. pedatum.
Adiantum ^thiop'icum. A South African
plant, Ord. Filices, an infusion of which is some-
times used as an emollient in coughs, and iu
diseases of the chest.
Adiantum Album, Asplenium rata muraria —
a. Aureum, Polytrichum.
Adian'tum Capil'lus Ven'eris, A. Coriandri-
fo'lium seu Nigrum, Capil'lus Ven'eris, from a,
privative, and iiaivia, ' to grow wet,' from the
leaves not being easily moistened. Ilaiden hair.
(P.) CapiUnire de Ifontpellier. A European
plant, of feeble, aromatic and demulcent pro-
perties. It is used for forming the Sirop de Ca-
pillaire or Capillaire.
Adia.ntum Coriandrifolium, A. Capillus Ve-
neris— a. Nigrum, A. Capillus Veneris.
Adian'tum Peda'tum, A. Canadeu'se seu Pn-
tens, Adiantum, Capil'lus Ven'eris Canadeii'iit,
Herba Ven'eris, Filix Ven'eris. Canada M(tiden-
hair, American Maidenhair, Roclcfern, SwectJ'eni,
(F.) Capillaire du Canada, has the same proper-
ties. Capillaire was once made from this. Seo
Adiantum.
Adiantum RnBRUM,Asplenium tricbomanoides.
ADIAPHANIE PERICHRYSAL TIQUE,
see Cataract.
ADIAPHORO'SIS, Adinphore'sis, from a. pri-
vative, (5(u, 'through,' and (popos, 'a pore.' Dol'i'ct
or suppression of perspiration, Adiapneus'lia.
ADIAPH'OROUS, Adiaph'orus, ludiff'erw,
Neutral. A medicine which will neither do harm
nor good.
ADIAPNEUSTIA, Adiaphorosis.
ADIARRHffi'A, from a, privative, and iiap-
puv, ' to flow.' Retention of any excretion.—
Hippocrates.
ADIATH'ESIC, Adiathes'icus, from a, priva-
tive, and iia^taii, 'diathesis.' In the system of
controstimulism, adialhesic diseases are such as
occur without any antecedent diathesis.
ADICE. Urtiea.
ADIPATUS, Fatty.
AUIPEUX. Adipose.
ADIPOCERA, Adipocire — o.. Cetosa, Ccta-
ceum.
ADIPOCritE, Adipoce'ra, from adeps, 'fat,'
and cera, 'wax.' The ba.se of biliary calculi,
called also Chol'esleriue. Also, a sort of soap,
formed from animal matter under certain circum-
ADIPOCIRE DE BALEINE 3.
.ED(EOGARGARISMUS
Ftances. (P.) Grnt den Cndavres, Grn» des Oime-
tiirea. The human body, when it has been for
some weeks in water, assumes this appearance;
ivnd It has been a subject of legal inquiry, what
length of time is necessary to produce it. This
must, of course, depend upon various circum-
stances, as climate, season, &c.
^OfPOC/RE BE BALEINE, Cetaceum.
Ap'IPOSE. Ad'ipoiis, A'JIpo'siis, from adeps,
fat.' {¥.) Adipeiijr. That which relates to fat-
as Adipose membrane, A. vessels, &c. See Fatty.
Au'iPosE Satico'ma of A-a'EHNF.THY, Emphy'ma
sdi-co'ina adipo'sitm, is suetty throughout, and
enclosed in a thin capsule of condensed areolar
substance, connected by means of minute vessels.
It is chiefly found on the fore and back parts of
the trunk. See Sarcoma.
ADIPOSIS. See Polysarcia.
Anipo'sis Hepat'ica, Pimelo'sis seu steafo'sis
scu iiKiliix'is hepat'ica, Hepnr adipo'sum, Fatty
lirer. Fatty defeneration of the lirer, (P.) Deye-
n6resceiice graisseuse du Foie. Patty disease of
the liver.
ADIPOSUS, Fatty.
ADIPOUS, Fatty.
ADIP'SIA, Dipso'sis expers. Absence of thirst.
ADIP'SON, Adip'sum, from a, privative, and
5i\la, 'thirst.' Any substance wiiich relieves
thirst. Applied to a decoction of barley to which
o.xymel was added. — Hippocrates.
ADIPSOS, Glycyrrhiza.
AD'ITUS, 'an entrance,' 'an approach ;' from
adere, aditum, 'to go to.' Pros' odos. The en-
trance to a canal or duct, as Aditus ad Aquaeduc-
ttiin Fallopii.
AniTus An Infundibulum, Vulva.
ADIULIS'TOS, from a, privative, and Siv\i^<i),
' I strain.' Unstrained wine for pharmaceutical
purposes. — Gorrseus.
ADJUNCTUM, Accompaniment.
AUJUTOR PARTCS, Accoucheur.
AD'JUVANT, Ad'Jtivnns, from adjuvare, 'to
aid.' A medicine, introduced into a prescription
to aid the operation of the principal ingredient
or basis. Also, whatever assists in the removal
or prevention of disease.
Al)3flNICULE, Adniinic'ulum, (ad and ma-
1IIIS, -a. hand'). A prop, a support. Anything
that aids the action of a remedy.
ADNASCENTIA, Prosphysis.
ADNy^TA (TUNICA,) Conjunctiva.
ADNEE {MEMDRAXE,) Conjunctiva.
ADOLES'CENCE, Adoleecen'tia, Juven'ta, Ju-
ven'tas, Jiiven'tus, ^Etas bona. Youth; from ado-
leacere, (ad and olescere,) 'to grow.' (P.) Jeun-
esse. The period between puberty and that at
which the body acquires its full development;
being, in man, between the 14th and 25th years;
and, in woman, between the 12th and 21st.
AUOLES'CENS, Ju'venis, Hehe'tes, Hebe'ter,
Hcbe'tor, Hypene'tes. A youth. A young man
in the period of adolescence.
ADO'LIA. A Malabar plant, whose leaves,
put in oil, form a liniment, used in facilitating
labour.
A DOR, Zea mays.
ADORION, Daucus carota.
ADOUOISSAXT. Demulcent.
AD PONDUS OM'NIUM. The weight of the
whole. In a prescription it means, that any
particular ingredient shall equal in weight the
whole of the others.
A DRAG A XT, Tragacantha.
ADRAGANTHE, Tragacantha.
ADRA RIZA, Aristoloehia clematitis.
ADHOBO'I/ON', from aipos, 'great,' and iSuXoy,
'muss.' The bdellium of India, which is in larger
pieces thau that of .\rabia.
ADROS, aSpos, 'plump and full.' Applied to
the habit of body, and also to the pulse. — Hippo-
crates.
ADSARIA PALA. Dolichos pruriens.
ADSPIRATIO, Aspiration, Inspiration.
ADSTANS, Prostate.
ADSTITES GLANDULOSI, Prostate.
ADSTRICTIO, Astriction, Constipation.
ADSTRICTORIA, Astringents.
ADSTRINGENTIA, Astringents.
ADULAS'SO. The Jnstitia bivuhis. A small
shrub, used in India as a local application in gout.
ADULT, see Adult age.
Adult Age, Andri'a, from adolescere, ' to
grow to,' (ad and olere, olituw, 'to grow.') 17-
ril'ity, manhood. The age succeeding adoles-
cence, and preceding old age. In the civil law,
an adult is one, who, if a boy, has attained the
age of fourteen years; and, if a girl, of twelve.
In the common law, one of full age. Adult,
Adnl'tns, is also used for one in the adult age.
ADULTERATIO, Falsification.
ADULTUS, see Adult age.
ADUNCATIO unguium, Onychogryphosis.
ADURENS, Caustic.
ADURION, Rhus coriaria.
ADUST, Adus'tus, from adurere, (ad and
urere,) 'to burn.' The blood and fluids were
formerly said to be adust, when there was much
heat in the constitution, and but little scrum in
the blood.
ADUSTIO, Adustion, Burn.
ADUS'TION, Adus'tlo. State of the body
described under Adust. In surgery, it signifies
cauterization.
ADVENTITIOUS DISEASES, Acquired dis-
C3SCS.
ADVENTITIUS, Accidental.
ADYNA'MIA, Impoten'tia ; from a, privative,
and ivvafiii, 'strength,' Adyna'sia, Adyna'tia.
Considerable debility of the vital powers; as in
typhus fever. Some Nosologists have a class of
diseases under the name Adynamia, Ec'lysea,
Ilorbi asthcn'ici.
Adynamia Viuilis, Impotence.
ADYNAM'IC, Adynam'icus, Hypodynam'ic,
Hypodynam'icxis ; same etymon. Appertaining
to debility of the vital powers.
ADYNASIA, Adynamia.
ADYNATIA, Adynamia.
ADYNATOCOMIUM, Hospital.
ADYNATODOCHIUM, Hospital.
ADYNATOS, Sickly.
iEDCEA, Genital Organs.
^Dffi'AGRA, from ai&oia, 'genital organs,'
and aypa, ' seizure.' Gout in the genitals.
^DCEAG'RAPHY, uEdieayraph'ia, JSdae-
og'raphy. from acioia, ' organs of generation,' and
yoa<po>, ' I describe.' A description of the organs
of generation.
^Dffi AL'OGY, .iEdcealo(f"la,Ji:doeol'ogy, from
aiioia, 'organs of generation,' and Auyoj, ' a de-
scription.' A treatise on the organs of generation.
MDQiAT'OMY, yEd,xatom'ia. yEdwotom'ia,
uEdceot'ome, ^docot'omy, from atiota, ' organs of
generation,' and rt/avu), ' I cut.' Dissection of the
parts of generation.
MD(EVTIS, yEdo-oti'tis, MedeVtis ; from at-
Soia, 'organs of generation,' and ilis, denoting
inflammation. Inflammation of the genital or-
gans.
^.DCEOBLENORRIICEA. Leucorrhoea.
iEDCEODYN'IA, from aii^oui, 'organ* of gene-
ration,' and oivvrj, ' pain.' Pain in the genitals.
Pudendagra.
iEDCEOGARGALUS, Masturbation, Nyrapho-
mania.
^D(EOGARGARISMUS, Masturbation,
Nymphomania.
iEDCEOGRAPHY
36
AKROMANCY
^DCEOGPvAPIIY. TEiloeagraphy.
-S;i)CKOLO(iY, JRilcealogy.
JEDtEOMANIA, Nvrapliomania.
^ED(EOMYCODERMI'TIS, from aiSoia, 'or-
gans of generation,' //ukoj, ' mucus,' and iepua,
'skin.' Inflammation of the mucous membrane
of the genital organs.
^DtEON, Inguen.
^DCEOPSOPJIESIS, ^doeopsophia.
iEDCEOPSOPH'IA, ^Edueopsophe'ais, from ai-
Soia, ' organs of generation,' and yl^oipuv, ' to make
a noise.' Emission of wind by the urethra in
man, by the vagina in woman. — Sauvages and
Sagar.
^ncEOPSOPHiA Uterina, Physometra.
^DCEOS'COPY, uEdwoscop' ia, from ai&oia,
'organs of generation,' and oKonttv, 'to view.
Exploration of the organs of generation.
^DCEOTITIS, ^jda3itis— a;. Gangraenosa, Col-
poeace — se. Gangra>nosa puellarum, Colpocace
infantilis — se. Gangraenosa puerperarum, Colpo-
cace puerperarum.
^DCEOTOME, ^doeatomy.
jEDfEOTOMIA, iEdoeatomy.
iEDCEOTOMY, ^dccatoniy.
iEDO PTOSIS, Ilysteroptosis — se. Uteri, Pro-
lapsus uteri— ae. Uteri inversa. Uterus, inversion
„f the — as. Uteri retroversa, Retroversio uteri —
re. Yaginffi, Prolapsus V. — aj. Vesicae, Exocyste.
iEEIG'LUCES, Aei(f luces, from mi, 'always,'
and yXixcuf, ' sweet.' A kind of sweet wine or
must. — Gorraeus.
iEGAGROPI'LA, ^(/agrro^jiVKS, from aiynypog,
'the rock goat,' and ttiAos, 'hair,' Beznar d'Alle-
inagne, Pila Dama' rum seu Biipicnpra'ritm. A
ball composed of hairs, found in the stomach of
the goat: once used medicinally.
iEGEIROS, Populus.
jEGER, Sick.
^'GIAS, yEc/!s, J^ijlia, J^'gidea, from uif,
oiyoi, ' the goat;' why, is not known. (F.) Aige
or Aigle. There is obscurity regarding the pre-
cise meaning of this word. It was used to desig-
nate an ulcer, or speck on the transparent cornea.
— Hippocrates.
Maitre Jean uses it for a calcareous deposit
between the conjunctiva and sclerotica.
tEGIDES, ^gias.
iE'GILOPS, An'chilops, An'l-ylops, from aif,
niyos, 'goat,' and wi/', 'the eye.' An ulcer at the
greater angle of the eye, which sometimes does
not penetrate to the lachrymal sac, but at others
does, and constitutes fistula lacrymalis. — Galen,
Celsus, Oribasius, Aetius, Paulus of ^gina, <fec.
^Gl'RINON. An ointment of which the fruit
or flower of the poplar was an ingredient; from
atytipoi, ' the black poplar.'
.^(iLIA, ^gias.
JilGOCERAS, Trigonella foenum.
JiGOLETHRON. Ranunculus flammula.
^GONYCHON, Lithospermum officinale.
^GOPIIOXIA. Egophony.
^GOPHONICUS, Egophonic.
jEGO PODIUM PODAGRARIA, Ligusticum
podagraria.
^GRIPPA, Agrippa.
^GRITUDO, Disease— £E. Ventriculi, Vomit-
ing.
^GROTATIO, Disease.
^GROTUS, Sick.
jEGYP'TIA. An epithet for several medi-
cines, mentioned by Galen, Paulus of iEgina,
and Myrepsus.
MdYPTiii. MoscHATA, Hlbiscus abelmoschus.
iEoYP'TIA StYPTe'ria, Aiyui-na arvnTripta,
jEgyptinn alum. Recommended by Hippocrates.
JEgyp'tia Ul'ckra ; jEgyptinn ulrem. Ulcers
of the fauces and tonsils, de.>icribed by Aretseus,
as common in Egypt and Syria.
^GYPTIACUM, JEgyp'tion, Mendc s,on, Mel
^.,,jptiacum, Fhar'macum J^gjpUacum. ^ Pre-
paration of vinegar, honey, and vord.gns. scarcely
used now, except by veterinary surgeons as a de-
tergent. See Linimentum iErugiuis.
3('(iYPTT0N /^i'VPtiacum.
^r/pTIUM MEDICAMENTUM AD
AURES, Pharmacum ad aures.
JiGYP'TIUS PESSUS: JEgypUnn pesmry.
A pessary, comi)osed of honey, turpentine, butter,
oil of lily or of rose, safl'ron, each one part; with
sometimes a small quantity of verdigris.
AEICIIRYSON, Sedum.
^IPATHEIA, see Continent (Disease.)
AEIPATIIIA, see Continent (Disease.)
^MOPTOICA PASSIO, Haemoptysis.
iENEA, Catheter.
iEOLECTlIYMA, Variola.
^OLLION, Varicella.
^OLLIUM, Varicella.
^ON, anav. The entire age of a man from
birth till death. — Hippocrates, Galen. Also, the
spinal marrow. See Medulla Spinalis.
^ONESIS, Fomentation.
jEONION, Sedum.
^O'RA, from aiuipm, 'I suspend.' Gestation,
swinging.— Aetius, Celsus, &c.
^QUALIS, Equal.
iEQUA'TOR OC'ULI. The line formed by tlic
union of the upper and under eyelid, when they
are closed. It is below the middle of the globe.
iEQUIVOCUS, Equivocal.
AER, Air.
AERATION OF THE BLOOD, Hacraatosis.
AERATUS, Carbonated.
AERENDOCAR'DIA, (F.) Aerendncardie,
from ntjp, 'air,' and endocnrdinm. Presence of
air in the endocardium or lining membrane of the
heart. — Piorry.
AERE, Carbonated.
AKRENTERECTASIA, Tympanites.
^REOLUM, jEreolus, Ohalcus. The sixth
part of an obolus by weight, consequently about
2 grains.
iE'RESIS, aiptcii, 'the removal of any thing.'
A suffix denoting a removal or separation, as
Apheeresis, Diaiye'sle, &c.
AERETHMIE, Emphysema.
A^RETHMOPNEUMONIE, see Emphysema
of the Lungs.
AERGIA, Torpor.
AERH^MATOX'IA, (F.) ASrhemntna-ic ;
from arip, ' air,' aipn, ' blood,' and to^ikov, ' poison.'
Poisoning by the reception of air into the blood-
vessels.
AERIF'EROUS, Aerifer, (F.) Aerifh-e, from
aer, 'air,' and ferre, 'to carry.' An epithet for
tubes which convey air, as the larj'nx, trachea,
and bronchia.
ARRIFLUX'US. The discharge of gas, and
the fetid emanations from the sick. Flatulence.
— Sauvages.
AERODERMECTASIA, Emphysema.
AERODIAPH'THORA, from ar,p, 'air,' and
Sia<p6opa, 'corruption.' A corrupt state of the air.
AERO-ENTERECTASIA, Tymp.inites.
AEROHYDROP'ATIIY. Acrohydropathi'a,
from arip, 'air,' Wuip, 'water,' and Tra^og, 'affec-
tion.' A mode of treating disease, in which air
and water are the chief agents employed.
AEROL'OGY; A'erolog"ia, A'erolog" ice, from
arip, 'air,' and Xoyog, 'a description.' That part
of physics which treats of the air, its qualities
uses, and action on the animal economy.
AEROMAN'CY, Acromauti'a, from anp, 'air,'
and jiavTcia, ' divination.' An art in judicial us-
AEROMELI
37
^THER
trology, which consists in the foretelling, by
means of the air, or substances found in the at-
mosphere.
AKROMELI, Fraxinus ornus.
AEIiOPERITONlE, see Tympanites.
AKllOl'lIOB'IA, from aijp, 'air,' and (^o^oi,
'fear.' Dread of the air. This symptom often
accompanies hydrophobia, and sometimes hyste-
ria and other aS'ections.
AKROPIIOiriCUS, Aeroph' obits ; same ety-
mon. One affected with aerophobia.
AKROPIIORUS, Aerophobicus.
AKROPHTIIORA, Aerodiaphthora.
A/inOfLEdRfE, Pneumothorax.
AEROPNEUMONASIE, see Emphysema of
the Ijiin^^s.
AEIWPNEUMONECTASIE, see Emphy-
sema of the Lungs.
AKRORA'CHIA, from aijp, 'air,' and pa;^ij,
'spine.' Accumuhition of air in the spine.
AKRO.SIS, Pneumatosis, Tympanites.
AKROTIIORAX, Pneumothorax.
iERUCA, Cupri subacetas.
2& R U'G I N 0 U S, Mrugim/suM, lo'des, from
mriKjo, 'verdigris.' (F. ) Erucjineitx. Resem-
bling verdigris in colour; as the bile when dis-
charged at times from the stomach.
iERU'GO, (Of, from cbh, ' copj)er.' The rust
of any metal, properly of brass. See Cupri Suba-
cetas.
^Kiioo Fbrri, Ferri subcarbonas — ae. Plumbi,
Pluml)i subcarbonas.
iES, Cuprum.
iBSCIIOS, a(cr;^oj. Deformity of the body gene-
rally, or of some part. — Hippocrates.
.ES'CULUS IIIPPOCAS'TANUM, from esca,
' food,' [ ?] Ciistd' tiea eqiii'na, Pavi'na, Horae-
ihi'Htniit, Buck-eye. (F.) Marronier ou Marron-
iiier d'Inde. Ord. Ilippocastaneae. Sex. Syst.
lleptandria Monogynia. The bark has been
advised as a substitute for cinchona. Both bark
and fruit are astringent. Externally, it has been
employed, like cinchona, in gangrene.
iESECAVUM, Brass.
TESTATES, Ephelides.
iESTlIE'MA, aiadrifia, aiaOniiaToi, 'a sensa-
tion, a perception.' See Sensation and Sensi-
iiility. In the plural, oBsthe'tnata, the apparatuses
of the senses.
VE S T II E M A T 0 L'O G Y, JEsthemutolog" ia ;
from aiaOt/nu, atadnfiaroi and \oyui, ' a discourse.'
The doctrine of, or a treatise on, the senses, or
on the apparatus of the senses.
VESTFIKMATONU'SI, yEsthemntorf/anonu'si,
from aiadriiin, niaOrjiiaToi, aud vovaoi, ' diseases.'
Diseases aifecting sensation.
tESTIIEMATOHGANONUSI, ^sthe-
niatonusi.
JESrHESlOG'RAVHY, yEsthesiofjra'pkia,
fi-oni aiaS)i<'ti, 'perception, sensation,' and ypa<pri,
' a description.' A description of the sensorial
apparatuses.
M S T II E S 1 0 L'O G Y, ^sthef{ofog"ia, from
aiaSni'it 'perception, sensation,' and Xoyoi, 'a
discourse.' The doctrine of, or a treatise on,
sensation or the senses.
iESTHE'SIS, Aisthe'aig, from aia^avofiai, 'I
feel.' The faculty of being affected by a sensa-
tion. Perception. Sensibility, as well as the
senses themselves. See Sense.
yF.STIIETERION, Sensorium.
yESTlIET'lC.V, from ataeuvo/iai, 'I feel.' Dis-
eases afl'ecting the sensations. Dulness, depra-
vation or abolition of one or more of the external
orfans of sense. The 2d order, class Neurotica,
of^Good. Also, agents that afifect sensation. —
Percira.
iESTIVUS, Estival.
^STUARIUM, Stove.
iESTUATIO, Ardor, Ebullition, Fermentation.
iESTUS, Ardor.
.aJsTus Volat'icus. Sudden heat, scorching
or flushing of the face. — Vogel.
jETAS, Age — as. Bona, Adolescence — se. De-
crepita. Decrepitude — ae. Mala, Senectus — ae.
Provecta, Senectus — ae. Senilis, Senectus.
iETIIER, Ether, from ai&rip, ' air,' or from ai^u,
' I burn.' A^uphtha. Liquor cBthe'reua. A vola-
tile liquor obtained by distillation from a mix-
ture of alcohol and a concentrated acid. See
^ther sulphuricus, and Ether.
jEther Aceticus, see jEther Sulphuricus — ae.
Chloricus, Chloroform, Ether, chloric.
iETHER Hydriod'icu.s, Hydriod'ic or lodhy'-
dric Ether, Iodide of Ethyle. (F.) Ether iodhy-
drique : obtained by mixing alcohol, parts v.;
iodine, parts x. ; and phosjihorua, one part, and
distilling. It is used for iodine inhalation.
jEther Hydrochloricus; .lEther muriaticus.
jEther Hydrocyan'icus, ^'. Prus'sicus, Hy-
drocyan'ic or Entxaic Ether, Jlydmry'annte of
Eth'erine, Cyan'uret of Eth'yle, (F.) Ether Hydro-
cyanique, has been advised in hooping-cough,
and where the hydrocyanic acid is indicated.
Dose, 6 drops.
.^THER LiGNCSU.s, Acetone — ae. Martialis,
Tinctura seu Alcohol sulfurico-aethereus ferri.
.iEther Mijriat'icus,^£'. Ilydrochlo'ricua, Mii-
riat'ic, Chlorohy'dric or Marine Ether, Mn'riate
of Etherine, Chloride of Ethyle. This ether, on
account of its volatility, can only be kept in cool
places. It has the properties of the other ethers,
and when used is generally mixed with an equal
bulk of alcohol. It has been employed as an
anaesthetic.
A Chlorinated Chlorohydric Ether, (F.) Ether
Chlorhydrique chlore, formed by the action of
Chlorine on Chlorohydric Ether, has been intro-
duced into practice as a local anaesthetic.
^THER MuRiATicus ALConoLicus, Spiritus
aotheris muriaticus — a;. Nitricus, see iEther Sul-
phuricus— £6. Nitricus Alcoolisatus, Spiritus
ajtheris nitrici — !b. Pyro-aceticus, Acetone — ae.
Nitrosus, see iEther sulphuricus.
^THER Sulphu'ricus, yEther (Ph. U. S.), ./E.
Vitriol'icns, Naphtha Vitrioli seu Siilphu'rica,
O'leiim vitriole dnlce, Snl'phuric Ether. (F.)
Ether, Ether sulfiirique, vitrioliqne OU hydrati-
que. Ether prepared from sulphuric acid and
alcohol.
Rectified Ether, jEther recti fica'tua, prepared
by distilling 12 oz. from a mixture of anlphuric
ether, f^xiv, funed potass, ,^SS. and distilled
water, f^\j, is a limpid, colourless, very inflam-
mable, volatile liquor; of a penetrating and fra-
grant odour, and hot pungent taste. Its s. g. is
0.732.
jEther Sulphuricus, Sulphuric Ether of the
Pharmacopceia of the United States (1842),
uEther of that of 1851, is formed from alcohol,
Oiv ; anlphuric acid, 0 j ; potaaaa, ^\y, distilled
water, f^iij; distilling and redistilling according
to the process there laid down. The specific gra-
vity of this ether is 0.750.
It is a diffusible stimulant, narcotic and anti-
spasmodic, and is externallj' refrigerant. Dose,
gtt. XXX to f^^iss. When ether is inhaled, it is
found to be a valuable anaesthetic agent: and is
employed with advantage in spasmodic aS'ections,
and in surgical operations. See Anaesthetic.
The Parisian Codex has an jEther ace'ticua,
Naphtha Ace'ti, (F.) Ether acetique : an ^ther
mnria'ticus »e\l hydrochlo'ricus, (F.) Ether chlor-
hydrique; an .lEther ni'tricua seu iiitru'aus, (F.)
iETIIEREA IIERBA
38
AFFUSION
jRther ni'trique ou nitreux ou azoteux ; and an
uElhcr phiiiphora'tim. They all possess similar
virtues. Soo Anaesthetic.
jEther Sulphuricus Acinus, Elixir aeidum
lliilleri — <e. Sulphuricus cum alcohole, Spiritus
Ktheris sulphurici — aj. Sulphuricus cum alcohole
aroinaticus, Spiritus jetheris aromatieus.
JEthkr Terkbinthina'tus, Terebinth' innted
ether, made by mixing gradually two pounds of
alcohol, and half a pound of spirit of turpentine,
with two pound.s of concentrated nitric acid, and
distilling one-half the mixture with a gentle heat.
Employed externally and internally in biliary
calculi, rheumatism, <fcc. Dose 20 to 40 drops,
iu honey or yolk of egg.
yETHEREA HERBA, Eryngi'um maritimum.
iETilE'REAL, uEthe'reus, Ethe'real, Ethe'-
reoHS, (F.) Etheree. An etherenl tincture, (F.j
Teintitre etheree, is one formed by the action of
sulphuric ether, at the ordinary temperature, on
medicinal substances. An ethereal oil is a vola-
tile oil. See Olea Volatilia.
^THERISxMUS, Etherism.
iETlIERISATIO, Etherization.
JETIIERISATUS, Etherized.
iETHE'REO-OLEO'SA (Remedia), homJEthe-
roleiim, 'a volatile oil.' Remedies, whose pro-
perties are dependent upon the volatile oil they
contain.
^TIIEROLEA, Olea volatilia.
iETIIIOP'ICUS LAPIS, Ethiopian stone. A
stone formerly supposed to be possessed of con-
siderable virtue. — Oribasius.
iETHIOPIFICA'TIO, yEihiopopoe'sis, uEthi-
opia'nnis, ^Elhiopio'sis, from yEthiups, and/acere,
' to make.' The mummy-like colouring of the
skin, induced at times by the use of mercurial
ointment; and seen in bodies poisoned by arsenic.
^THIOPIOSIS, ^thioi)ificatio.
iETillOPIS, Salvia sclarea.
uEfHIOPISMUS, iEthiopificatio.
iETHIOPOPOESIS, ^thiopifioatio.
^'THIOPS, from aiSia, 'I burn,' and loxp,
'countenance.' A bhiek or burnt countenance.
The ancients gave this name to certain oxides
and sulphurets of metals, which were of a black
colour.
iErHiOPS Aldus, Albino — as. Alcalisatus, Hy-
drargyrum cum ereta — a3. Animal, see Choroid.
^rniOFS Martia'lis, Mar'tial Elhiops, Ferri
Deutojc'ydum nii/nun. The bhick deutoxide of
iron : once in repute as a tonic. See Oxydum
Ferri nigrum.
^THiops MixERALis, Hydrargyri sulphuretum
nigrum — se. Narcoticus, Hydrargyri sulphuretum
nigrum — fe. per se, Hydragyri oxydum cinereum
— ae. Saccharatus, Hydrargyrum saccharatum —
se. A''egetabilis, see Fucus vesiculosus.
^THOL'ICES, from ai^u, 'I burn.' Fiery
pustules on the skin. Some have considered
them to have been hoils.
^THUSA AMMI, Sison ammi.
^thit'sa Cvna'pium, Fool's Parsley, (F.)Fmix
Persil, Petite Cigne. Family, Umbelliferaj. Sex.
Syst. Pentandria Digynia. A poisonous plant,
which has been mistaken for true parsley, pro-
ducing nausea, vomiting, headache, giddiness,
sopor, and at times, fatal results. It resembles
conium in its action.
yEthii'sa Meum, Meam, M. Athaman'ticum,
seu Anethi/o'liuin, Athamnn/ta Meum, Ligns'ticum
Capllla'ceum seu Meum, Ses'eli Meum, Men, Spig-
nel, Baldmoney. (F.) Ethuse, Meum. The root has
been advised as cartninativc, stomachic, &c.
vETIOL'OGY, jEtiolog"ia, Etiol'ogy, Aitio-
h>g"ia, from aina, 'cause,' and Aoyoj, 'a dis-
course.' The doctrine of the causes of disease.
^TI'TES, or AETITES, from atroi, 'an
ea-'le.' Eagle-stoue, Pierre d'Aigle, Hydrate de
trttoxide de fer. This stone was for.ncrly sup-
posed to facilitate delivery, if bound on the thigh ;
and to prevent abortion, if bound on the arm.
It was also called Lapis Colhjmus.
^TOr, or AETOI PHLEBES, Temporal veins.
^TOLION, Cnidia grana.
AFFADIL, Narcissus pseudo-narcissus.
AFFADISSEMEXr, (V.)iTomfade, 'insipid.'
That condition of the digestive function in which
the appetite is diminished, the sense of taste
blunted, and the action of the stomach enfeebled ;
a state usually accompanied by general languor.
AFFA IB L ISSEMENT, Asthenia.
AFFAIRES. Menses.
AFFAISSEMENT, Collapsus.
AFFECTIO, Atfection — a. Arthritica Cordis,
Cardiagra — a. Hypochondriaca, Hypochondriasis
— a. Hysterica, Hysteria — a. Sarmatica, Plica —
a. Tympanitica, Tympanites.
AFFECTION, Ajf'ee'tio, from afficio or affec-
tare (ad and facere,) 'to move or influence.'
Any mode in which the mind or body is allected
or modified.
AFFECTION TYPHO'tDE, see Typhus —
a. Vaporeu^te. Hypochondriasis.
AFFECTION ES ANIMI, Affections of the
mind.
AFFECTIONS OF THE MIND, Affev'ius seu
Passiii'nes seu Affeetio'nes seu Votiijuastativ'nes
seu Confusio'nes seu Turbatio'ncs seu Perturhn-
tio'nes an'imi, (F.) Affections de I'dme include not
only the different passions, as love, hatred, jea-
lousy, &c., but every condition of the mind that
is accompanied by an agreeable or disagreeable
feeling, as pleasure, fear, sorrow, <fec.
In Pathology, Affection, Pathos, Pathe'mn, is
synonymous with disease: thus we speak of a
pulmonary aff'ection, a calculous affection, <fec.
AFFECTIONS BE L'AME. Affections of
the mind.
AFFECTIVE. That which affects, touches, &c.
Gall gives the term affective faculties, (F.) Favnt-
tes affectives, to functions dependent upon the
organization of the brain, comprising the senti-
ments, affections, &c.
AFFECTUS, Passion — a. Faucium pestilens,
Cynanche maligna — a. Hyderodes, Hydrops— a.
Spasmodico-convulsivus labiorum, Neuralgia fa-
ciei.
AF'FERENT, A/'/erens, Centrip'etal, Esod'ic,
from affe.ro, (orf and /e;-o, 'to carry,') 'I bring.'
Conveying inwards, as from the periphery to the
centre. The vessels which convey the lymph or
chyle to the lymphatic glands, are called afferent,
vasa afferen'tia seu inferen'tia. Also, nerves
that convey impressions towards the nervous
centres — nervi entobanon'tes.
AF'FION, Aff'ium, Offium. Opium. The
Bantamese thus designate an electuary of which
opium is the basis, and which they use as an ex-
citant.
AFFLA'TUS, Adjla'tm, Ep{2moi'a, from nil,
'to,' and fare, 'to blow.' Any air that strikes
the body and produces disease
AF'FLUENCE, Afflux, from affluere, (orfand
fluere, ' to flow,') < to flow to.' A flow or deter-
mination of humours, and particularly of blood,
towards any part.
AFFLUXUS, Fluxion.
rf u- ?' >ff"«>"n— a. Frigida, see Affusion
— a. Orbicularis, Placenta.
AFFU'SION, Affu'sio, Pros'chy^s, Epieh'ysis,
from ad, to,' and fundere, fusnm, ' to pour ' The
action of pouring a liquid on any body ' Affit.
eions, Bhyptolu'sicB, cold and warm, are 'used in
AFIUM
39
AGGLUTIXATIF
different diseases. The cold nffusion, Affu'slo
seu I'er/u'nio frig" Ida, is said to have been bene-
ficial in cutting short typhus fever and scarlatina,
if used during the first days. It consists in pla-
cing the patient in a tub, and pouring cold water
over hitn ; then wiping him dry, and putting him
to bed. The only precaution necessary is, to use
it in the state of greatest heat and exacerbation ;
not when chilliness, or topical inflammation, is
present.
AFIUIVr, Opium.
AFTKR-IilHTH, Secundines.
AFTKR-PAINS, See Pains, labour.
A GA (UiMENT, (F.) from aKa{uv, ' to sharpen.'
The setting on edge.
AGACEMENT J)ES BENTS. A disagree-
able sensation experienced when acids are placed
in contact with the teeth. Tooth-edge. Setting
the teeth on edge.
AGACEMENT DBS NERFS. A slight irri-
tation of the system, and particularly of the
organs of sense and locomotion, corresponding
nearly to the English Fidijets.
AOAII. Intermittent Fever.
AGALACTATIO, Agalactia.
AGALACTIA, Agaku:' ia, Agnlac'tio, Agalac-
tn'tio, Befec'titu lac'tis, OUgnga'lia, Oliyogalac'-
ti(i, from a, privative, and yaXa, 'milk.' Absence
of milk in the mammae.
AGALAXIA, Agalactia.
AGAL'LOCIIUM, from ayaWu,, ' I decorate,'
Cnlamhnc, Calambouk, Lu/'niim Agal'lochi veri
sen A/'(ien seu Aspnl'atJii, Xyloa/oen, Aloes wood.
A resinous and very aromatic wood of the East
Indies, from E.cccBca'ria Agal'locha, Cynome'tra
Agril'lochum, Alo'ex'ylon Agnl'locJnim. Used in
making pastils, &c. — Dioscorides, Oribasius,
Paulus.
AUAMOUS, See Cryptogamous.
A(}'AIIIC, Agar'icum, Agar'icus. A genus of
plants in the Linnajan sj'stem, some of which are
edible, others poisonous. It is supposed to have
been so called from Agaria, a region of Sarmatia.
— Dioscorides. Among the edible varieties of the
Boletus, the following are the chief: — 1. The
Agar'icus edii'lis seu Arven'sis seu Sylval'icua
seu Campes'tris, (F.) Agaric comestible et cham-
pignon de coHche. 2. The Agar'icus odora'tits,
(F.) Jfonsseron. The most common poisonous
varieties are the Agar'icus neca'tor, (F.) Agaric
meurtrier ; and, 2. Iha Agaricus acris, (¥.) Aga-
ric acre ; besides the Auranite, <a sub-genus,
which includes several species. One of the most
delicate is the Agaricus Auranticicus, but care
must be taken not to confound it with the A.
J'seudo-anrnntiacus, which is very poisonous.
The A. aurantiacus is called, in French, Orange.
See Poisons, Table of.
Agakic, see Boletus igniarius — a. Amndouvier,
Boletus laricis — a. Blanc, Boletus laricis — a. de
Chene, Boletus igniarius — a. Female, Boletus ig-
niarius — a. of the Oak, Boletus igniarius — a.
Odorant, Dasdalea suavcolens — a. White, Boletus
laricis.
AGAKICUM, Boletus igniarius.
AGARICUS, Boletus igniarius — a. Albus, Bo-
letus laricis — a. Arvensis, see Agaric — a. Auran-
tiacus, Amanita}, Bolites — a. Auriculasforma,
Pe/.i/.a auricula — a. Campestris, see Agaric — a.
Chirurgoruin, Boletus igniarius — a. Igniarius,
Boletus igniarius — a. Laricis, Boletus laricis —
n. Pseudo-aurantiacus, Amanitas — a. Querctts,
Boletus igniarius — a. Sylvaticus, see Agaric.
AGAiaFIED. See Feverish.
AGASTllO.XER'VIA, (F.) Agastronervic, from
a. privative, y<i<T'-'/Pi 'stomach,' and vevpov, 'nerve.'
Want of nervous action in the stomach.
AGASYLLIS GALBANUM.Bubon galbanum.
AGATIIIS DAMARRA, Pinus damarra.
AGATHOSMA CRENATUM, Diosma cre-
nata.
AGATHOTES CHIRAYITA, Gentiana chi-
rayita. _
AGA'VE AMERICA'NA, A. Ramo'sn, Ameri^
can Agave, American aloe. Maguey, from ayavoi,
'admirable.' Nat. Ord. BromeViacex. iSex. Sy«t.
Hexandria Monogynia. This plant has been
considered diuretic and antisyphilitic' The fa-
vourite drink of the Mexicans— Pii/jiie— is the
fermented juice of this plant.
Agave Ramosa, A. Americana.
Agave Virgin'ica, Rattlesnake's master, False
aloe, — grows in the Southern States. The root
is very bitter. It has been used in tincture as a
carminative in colic; and as a remedy for bites
of serpents.
AGE, 'riXiKia, Heli'hia, ^tas ; — Of uncertain
etymon. Period of life. Time that has elapsed
since birth, <fec. Five ages are often designated
in the life of man : 1. First infancy (lufan'tia;)
2. Second infancy (/'»er/"/)'tt ;) 3. Adolescence
(Adolescen'tia ;) 4. The adult age (Viril'itas ;)
5. Old age, (Old Eng.) Elth, (Senec'tus.)
AGENEIOS, Imberbis.
AGEN'ESIS, from a, privative, and ycvtcis,
' generation,' (F.) Agenesie. Imperfect develop-
ment of any part of the body ; as cerebral age-
nesis, I. e. imperfect development of the brain in
the foetus. See Monster.
AGENNESIA, Impotence, Sterilitas.
AGENNESIS, Impotence.
AGENOSO'MUS, from a, privative, ycvvato,
' I generate,' and orw/ja, ' body.' A malformation
in which the fissure and eventration are chiefly
in the lower part of the abdomen ; the urinary or
sexual apparatus absent, or very rudimentary.
AGENT, Agens, from agere, 'to act.' Any
power which produces, or tends to produce, an
efioct on the human body. Morbific agents, (F.)
Agens morbifiques, are the causes of disease; —
therapeutical agents, (F.) Agens therapeutiqnes,
the means of treating it.
AGER NATURiE, Uterus.
AGERA'SIA, Insenescen'tia, from a, privative,
and ynpaiy ' old age.' A vigorous and green old
age.
AGERATUM, Achillea ageratum — a. Altissi-
mum, Eupatorium ageratoides.
AGE'RATUS LAPIS, XyrjpaTOi. A stone
used by cobblers to polish shoes. It was for-
merly esteemed discutieut and astringent. — Ga-
len, Oribasius, Paulus.
AGES, Palm.
AGEUSIA, Ageustia.
AGEUS'TIA, Agheus'tia, Ageusia, Apogeuh'-
tia, Apogeu'sis, DyscBstke'sia gustato' ria,AucBHthe' -
sia gustato'ria, Parageu'sis, from a, priv., and
yevaii, 'taste.' Diminution or loss of taste,
AncBsthe'sia Ungues. — Sauvages, Cullen.
AGGLOM'ERATE, Agglomera'tus, from ag-
glomerare, {ad and glomerure, 'to wind up j'arn
in a ball,') 'to collect together.' Applied to tu-
mours or glands in aggregation.
AGGLU'TINANT, AggWtinans, CoUet'icus,
Glu'tinans, from gluten, 'glue,' (F.) Agglutinant.
Agglutinatif, Glutinatif, Colletique. Remedies
were formerly so called, which were considered
capable of uniting divided parts. — Paulus.
Plasters are called agglutinants, (F. ) aggluti-
nati/s, which adhere strongly to the skin. Cer-
tain bandages are likewise so termed ; (F.) Ban-
delettes aggluti natives.
TO AGGLUTINATE. The French use the
word agglutiner in the sense of 'to reunite;' ns
agglutiner les levres d'tine plaie, 'to reunite the
lips of a wound.'
AGGLUTINATIF, Agglutinant.
AGGLUTINATIO
40
AGRYrXODES
AGGLUTINATIO, Coition.
AGGLUTINATION, Uolk'sU, Eplcolle'ais,
PruHcoUe'sis, GLutiiia'tio, from aijglutinare, ' to
glue toj^ether.' The first degree of adhesion.
Also, tlie action of agglutinants.
AGGLUTIXER, To agglutinate.
AG'GHEGATE, Aggreija'tns, from afftjregare,
I (id and yregare,) ' to flock together,' 'to assemble
together.' Glands are called ai/r/rtgate which are
in clusters. See Peyeri Glaiidula;. Aggregate
pills, (F.J Pilules agregativca, sigtiified, formerly,
those which were believed to contain the proper-
ties of a considerable number of medicines, and
to be able to supply their place.
AtillEUSTIA, Ageustia.
AGHOUL, Agul.
AGIAIIA'LID or AGIIIA'LID or AGRA-
HA'LID. An Egyptian and Ethiopian shrub,
similar to Xiniciiin. The Ethiopians use it as a
vermifuge. The fruit is purgative.
AGIHALID, Agiahalid.
AGISSAXr, Active.
AGITATION, Agita'tio, Done'sis, from agere,
'to act.' Constant and fatiguing motion of the
body, Tyrbe, Ti/ibd'sia, In'qities, — or distressing
mental inquietude, — An'imi Agita'tio.
AGITATORIUS, Convulsive.
AGLOS'SIA, from a, privative, and yXo/trcru,
'the tongue.' A malformation, which consists
in the want of a tongue.
AGLOSSOS'TOMA, from Aglossia, and arojia,
'mouth.' A mouth without a tongue.
AGLOSSOSTOMOG'RAPHY, Aglossostomo-
(jia'phia, from a, priv., yXwaaa, 'the tongue,'
cTOjxa, 'the mouth,' and ypatpu), 'I describe.'
Description of a mouth without a tongue. — Ro-
land, (of Saumur.)
AGLUTI'TION, Agluti"tio; from a, priv., and
glnliie, ' to swallow.' A hybrid term, designa-
ting impossibility of swallowing. — Linnaeus.
AGMA, Fracture.
AGMATOLOG"IA, from ayi^a, ayfiaro;, frac-
ture, and )ioyos, 'a description.' The doctrine
of fractures. A treatise on fractures.
AG ME, Fractures.
AGMINA DIGITORUM MANUS, Phalanges
of the fingers. — a. Membrana, Amnios.
AGMINATED GLANDS, Peyer's glands.
AGNAIL, HangnaiL
AGNA'TIIIA, from «, priv., and yvados, 'jaw.'
A malformation, which consists in the want of
the jaw, especially of the lower.
AGNINA MEMBRANA, Amnios.
AGNOI'A, Agiiije'a, from a, priv., and ytvu)aKiD,
' I know.' State of a patient who docs not recog-
nise individuals.— Hippocrates, Galen, Focsius.
AGNUS CASTUS, Vitex.
AGO'GE, ayuyv. The order or condition of a
disease.— Hippoc, Galen. Likewise the sUte of
the air.— Hippoc, Galen, Gorraeus, Foesius.
AGOGUE, aywyoi, ' a leader,' from ayu, ' I lead
or expel.' Hence Cholagogxie, an expeller of bile :
Hydragiigiie, &c.
AGOMPHI'ASIS, Agompho'sis, from a, priva-
tive, and yon(poia, 'I nail.' Looseness of the
teeth.— (Jorripus. See Gomphiasis.
AGOMPHOSIS, Agomphiasis,
AGON. Agony.
AGONE, Hyoscyamus.
AGONIA. Steriiitas.
AGONISMA, Agony.
AGONISMUS, Agony.
AGONIS'TICA, from ayuv, < a combat' The
part of ancient gymnastics, which had reference
to the combats of the Athletse.
Also very cold water, given 'internally to calm
febrile heat.— Paulus of ^gina
AGONIZANS. Psychorages."
AGONOS, Sterile.
AG'ONY, Agon'ia, Agon, Agonin'ma, Agonis'.
rtuis, Mochthns, J/ogits, Paijchurag" ia, I'si/chor-
rhag"ia, An<,„r, Throe, Throw, (Sc.) J'atieiit of
death, from 'aywp, 'a combat.' The last struggle
of life.— Galen, Gorricus, Ac. The agony, which
is of longer or shorter duration, is characterized
by great change in the features, gradual abolition
of sensation and motion, loss of voice, dryness or
lividity of the tongue and lips, rattling in the
throat, small and intermittent pulse, and coldness
of the extremities. This state is not present in
those who die suddenly. See Facics llippo-
cratica.
AGOS'TUS, from ayu>, 'I lead.' The fore arm
from the elbow to the fingers. Also, the palm of
the hand. — Gorraeus. See Palm.
AGRA, aYf)a, from ayptw, ' I seize hold of.' A
seizure, as Odontagra, a tooth seizure, toothache;
Chiragra, Podagra, <fec.
AGRAFE DE VALENTIN. A kind of for-
ceps with parallel branches, employed by Valen-
tin in the operation for hare lip, to etFect the
approximation of the edges of the wound.
AGRAHALID, Agiahalid.
AGREGATIVES PILULES. See Aggre-
gate. _
AGREMIE, from cigrie, 'gout,' (Piorry,) and
aqia, ' blood.' The altered condition of the blood
in gout. — Piorry.
AgRIA, Herpes exedens, Lichen agrius.
AGRIAMPELOS, Bryonia alba.
AGRICOCCIMELEA, Prunus Spinosa.
AGR/E, Gout.
AGRIFOLIUM, Ilex aquifolium.
AGRIMONIA, Agrimony — a. Eupatoria,
Agrimony — a. Odorata, Agrimony — a. OfBciua-
lis. Agrimony.
Aghimonia Partiflo'ra, Small-foxr'ered or
Sweet-scented Agrimony ; indigenous; has simi-
lar properties to A. Eupatoria. See Agrimony.
AG'RIMONY, Agrimo'nia, A. Eupato'ria seu
odora'ta seu offieina'lis, Caf'al, Lap'puln hepat'-
ica. Cockle-bur, Stic/cwort. (F.) Aigrcinoine. Ord.
Rosaceae. Sex. Syst. Icosandria Digynia. A
mild astringent and stomachic. Dose, in powder,
from 9j to 3J.
Agiumony, Heaip, Eupatorium cannabinum—
a. Small-flowered, Agrimonia parviflora — a.
Sweet-scented, Agrimonia parviflora.
AGRIOCASTANUM, Bunium bulbocastanum,
Lycoperdon tuber.
AGRIOCINARA, Sempervivum tectorum.
AGRIORIGANUM, Origanum mnjorana.
AGRIOSELINUM, Smyrnum olusatrum.
AGRIOTIIYM'IA, from aypws, 'ferocious,'
and Sv/ios, 'disposition.' Ferocious insanity.—
Sauvages.
AGRIPALMA GALLIS, Leonurus cardiaca.
AGRIP'PA, jEgriji'pa, from a-ger jxtrtiie,
'difiicult birth :' or perhaps from ayfia, 'taking
or seizure,' and novs, 'the foot.' This terra has
been given to tho.^e born by the feet. It is i)re-
tended that the family of Agrippa obtained their
name from this circumstance. Parturition, where
the feet present, is called AgripjJCB j)((rtits, Agrip-
pi'nus partus.
AGRIPPINUS PARTUS, see A-rippa
AGRO DI CEDRO, see Citrus nfedica.
AGROPYRUM L^VISSlMUM, Triticum re-
pens.
in^nf ^f^'^^^L^^ GITHAGO, Lychnis githago.
AGRObllb, Bryonia alba— a, Verticillata,
Andropogon miiricatus.
AGRUNA, Prunus spinosa
AGRYPNIA, Insomniii
AGRYPNOCOMA, Coma vi<rij.
AGRYPNO'DES, from
aypvTzvo^, 'sleepless.*
y^, . • J L , , "Af "'••'">, Sleep e.'s.
Characterized by sleeplessness, as l\bris Aarn„.
nodes, a fever accompanied with slecplessaess.
AGRYPNOTICUS
41
AIRIGNE
AGRYPNOTICUS, Anthypnotic.
A(jiRYP'NUS, aypv-vos. Sleepless, vigilant.
AOIA l)E VEIIUGA, see Verugas.
AGVAllDIENTE, Brandy. See also Spirit.
— «. dv Ititlld, see Spirit.
A'CiUE, from Gothic, agin, 'trembling.' (?) In-
termittent fever; often used in the same sense
as chill or rigor.
Agiii: and Fkvkr, Intermittent fever.
A(MJE, Brow, Neuralgia frontalis.
ActlK Cake, Placen'ta febri'lis seu sple'nt'cn,
Physco'nia Hple'iiicn, Spleiiis Tumor; (F.) Gd-
tcdii febrile. A visceriil obstruction — generally
ill the .s|)leun — which follows agues, and is dis-
tinctly felt by e.xternal examination. To a
greater or less degree, it is not uncommon.
Agub, Dbad, see Fever, masked.
Aguk Drop, Tasteless, Liquor arsenicalis.
Agiji;, Dumb, see Fever, masked — a. Face,
Neuralgia, facial.
Ague, Free, Laurus sassafras.
Ague, Leaping, see Leaping ague — a. Quar-
tan, Quartan — a. Tertian, Tertian fever.
Aguk Tukr, Laurus sassafras.
Aguk, Thiud-day, Tertian.
Ague Wi;ed, Eupatorium perfoliatum.
AGU'IOS, from a, priv., and yviov, 'limb.'
Mutilated or wanting limbs. — Hippocr. Weak,
feeble. — Galen.
AGUL, A(jhnul, Alha'g!, the Hedisa'rum seu
Iledi/iid'rum alhagi. A thorny shrub of Persia
and Mesopotamia, which afifords manna. The
leaves are purgative.
AGYll'lAS, from ayvpts, 'a collection.' Opa-
city of the crystalline. — Aetius, Pare.
AGYR'TA, from ayvpts, 'a crowd.' Formerly,
a stroller who pretended to supernatural powers.
Subse(iuently, a quack or illiterate pretender. —
See Charlatan.
AGYRTIA, Charlatanry.
AIIO'RA, from a, privative, and 'opa, 'youth.'
Tardy development of the organs : the opposite
to IJi//)eiIio')a.
AJIOUAI, Thevetia ahouai.
AIIUSAL, Orpiment.
AllYPNIA, Insomnia.
AIAU/jT, Narcissus pseudo-narcissus.
AIDE (F.), Ad'jutor mill' inter. An assistant
to a surgeon in his operations.
AIDOIOiMANIA, Nymphomania.
AIERSA, Iris Germanica.
AfGE. vEgias.
AIGLE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Near the
city of this name, in Noriuandy, is the chaly-
beate spring of St. Xantin, much used in the
16th and 17th centuries.
AIGLE, ^-ias.
AIGHE, Acidulous — a. Voix. See Acid.
AIGUELET, Acidulous.
AIGRETTE, Kumex acetosa, see T^'pha
latifolin.
AIGREMOINE, Agrimony.
AIGREURS, Acidities.
AIGU, Acute.
AIGUES-CAUDES, MINERAL WATERS
OF, Aigiic.i-chaudea, EaiiJC ehaiidex, AqucB cal'-
idcB. Sulphurous springs, about six miles from
Bonnes, Basses Pyrenees, in France: five in
number, the temperature of which is, respec-
tively, about 70°, 81°. 92°, 9:5°, and 95°.
AIGUILLE, Needle — «. d Acnpiinctnre, see
Needle — a. d Ap/xireil, see Needle — n. d Bee de
Lievre, see Needle — «. « Calaiacte, see Needle
— a. de Desehaiiipn, see Needle — a. Engoinee, see
Needle — a. d Fintide, see Needle — a. d Gaine,
see Needle — a. d Ligature, see Needle — a. d
Maiiche, see Needle — a. d Seton, see Needle — a.
d Suture, see Needle.
AIGUILLON (E), Spina Ilelmon'tii. A
term used since the time of Van Ilehnont to
designate the proximate cause of inflammation.
According to him, ah inflamed part is in the
same condition as if an aiyuillvn or thorn were
thrust into it.
AIGUISER, To acidulate.
AIL, Allium.
AILE, Ala, Aileron.
AILERON (F.), Extrc'ma Ala seu Piu'mdn,
diminutive of (F.) Aile, a wing. The extremity
of the wing of a bird, to which the great feathers
are attached.
AILERONS DE LA MATRICE. Three
folds at the base of the broad ligaments of the ute-
rus, which are occupied by the ovary and its liga-
ment, the Fallopian tube, and the round ligament.
AILING, Sick, Sickly.
AILMENT, Disease.
AIMA, 'aifia, see H%ma.
AIM ANT, Magnet.
AIMATERA, Hepatirrhoea.
AIMORRIKEA, IlKmorrhagia.
AIMORRllOIS, Hicmorrhois.
AINE, Inguen.
AlPATHIA, Continent disease.
AIPI, Jatropha manihot.
AIPIMA COXERA. .Jatropha manihot.
AlPIPOCA, Jatropha manihot.
AIR, A'er, Pneiinia, from aw, 'I breathe.'
Common Air, Atmonpheric air, (F.) Air atmoaphe-
rique, is an invisible, transparent, inodorous, in-
sipid, ponderable, compressible, and elastic fluid,
which, under the form of the atmosphere, sur-
roun<ls the earth to the height of 15 or 10 leagues.
Air is essentially composed of two gases, oxy-
gen and nitrogen, in the proportion of 20 of the
former to 80 of the latter. Oxygen is the vital
portion, but the nitrogen is necessary to dilute it.
Air also contains a small portion of carbonic acid
gas, and has always floating in it aqueous va-
pour, different terrestrial emanations, etc. Its
effects upon the human body vary according to
its greater or less density, temperature, moisture,
etc.; hence, change of air is found extremely
serviceable in the prevention and cure of certain
morbid conditions. See Climate, and Respiration.
AIR ACIDE VITRIOLIQUE, Sulphurous
acid — a. Alcalin, Ammonia — a. Atinospheriqiie,
Air.
AiK Bladder, Sicim-hlndder, Su'imming-hlod-
der, The Swim, (F.) Vesnie nntatoire. An ab-
dominal organ in many fishes, sometimes eom-
munic-ating by means of a duet, Dnetua pmeit-
mat'ieun, with the alimentary canal, at others,
not, which is considered by some to belong to
the respiratory system. Its contents are the ele-
ments of atmosi)heric air, but in different propor-
tions; and its chief and general futiction appears
to be to regulate the specific gravity of the fish.
Air Cells of the Lu.ngs. Bronchial cells; see
Cellule — a. Chamber, P'olliculus a3ris.
Air, Dephlogisticated, Oxygen — a. Empy-
real, Oxvgen.
AIR JJU FEU, Oxygen.
Air, Factitious, Carbonic acid — a. Fixed,
Carbonic acid — a. Gate, Azote — a. Hepntique,
Hydrogen sulphuretted — a. Inflammable, Ily(lro-
gen. Hydrogen carburetted — a. Mephitic, Car-
bonic acid.
Air Passages, (F.) Voies aerieiinen, V. aeri-
fereH. The larynx, trachea, bronchia, etc.
AIR PUANT, Hydrogen, sulphuretted.
Aiu, Pure, Oxygen — a. Solid, of Hales, Car-
bonic acid — a. Vieie, Azote — a. Vital, Oxygen.
AIRAIN, Bell-metal, Brass.
AIRE. Areola.
AIRELLE ANGULEUSE, Vacoinium niyr-
tillus — «. Poneluee, Vaccinium vitis idaea.
AIRIGNE, Hook.
AIRTHRET
42
ALBUGINEOUS
AIRTHREY, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Airthrey is situate about two miles north of
Stirling, Scotland. The waters are saline ca-
thartics; containing chloride of sodium, chloride
of calcium, sulphate of zinc, and chloride of mag-
nesium.
A/SELLE, Axilla.
AISTllESIS, ^sthesis.
AITIIOMO'MA, from at%s, 'black.' A black
condition of all the humours of the eye. A. Pare.
AITIA. Cause.
AITIOLOGY, ^liologia.
AITION, Cause.
AIX-LA-CHAPELLE, MINERAL WATERS
OF. Called by the Germans, Aachen. A ther-
mal, sulphureous mineral water, which contains,
in ]000 grammes, 28.54 cubic inches of sulpho-
hydric acid gas, 18.05 cubic inches of carbonic
acid gas, 0.1304 grammes of carbonate of lime,
0.0440 grammes of carbonate of magnesia, 0.5444
grammes of carbonate of soda, 2.1)697 grammes
of chloride of sodium, 0.2637 of sulphate of soda,
and 0.0705 of silica. The temperature is 134°
Fahrenheit.
The factitious water of Aix-la-ChnpeUe, A' qua
Aqniagranen'slt, (F.) Ean d'Aix-la-Chapel/e, is
made by adding jxo-e water f^xvijss, to hydro-
sulphuretted water f.^iv., carbonate of soda gr.
XX, chloride of sodium gr. ix. — Ph. P.
There are thermal sulphureous springs at Aix
in Savoy (98°), and some thermal springs at Aix
in Provence (91°).
AIZOON, Sempervivura tectorum.
A'JUGA, A. pi/ra?)iida'li8, Consol'ida me'dia,
liii'gula, D. pi/r<tmida'lis, Teu'crium pyrnmida'le,
Vpriyht Buijluss, Middle Coiisound, (F.) Bu(/le
pi/ramidale. This plant is subastringent and
bitter.
Ajuga Chamjepitys, Teucrium chamaspitys.
A.IUGA Reptans, Bn'gula, B. reptans, Common
Bni/le, (F.) Ihiyle rampnnte, has similar properties.
AKATALIS, Juniperus communis.
AKATERA, Juniperus communis.
AKERATODIAPHANIE, see Caligo.
AKINESIA, Acinesia.
AKNEMIA, Acnemia.
AKOLOGY, Materia Medica.
AKRATOPEG^, Acratopegae.
AKSIS, Intermittent Fever.
ALA, Pinna, Pteryx, 'a. wing,' (F.) Aile. A
term often used by anatomists for parts which
project like a wing from the median line; as the
Ala nasi, Aim of the uterus, etc. See Axilla, and
Pavilion of the Ear. Also, Pterygium.
Ala Extrema, see Aileron.
ALABAMA, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Tallahatta springs contain sulphur, and salts of
iron, lime, and magnesia. But the most noted
are those of Bladen. See Bladen, Mineral Wa-
ters of. Bailey's spring is an acidulo-sulphu-
reous chalybeate. It is fourteen miles from Tus-
cumbia.
ALABASTER, Alahas'trum, (F.) Albdtre,
Alahastri'tes. A variety of compact gypsum ;
of which an ointment was once made- — the «n-
f/ueii'tum alabastri' num ; used as a discutient.
Alabaster likewise entered into several denti-
frices.
ALABASTRITES, Alabaster.
AL^E INTERNEE MINORES CLITORIDIS,
Nymphffi— a. Magnae, see Sphenoid bone — a. Ma-
jores. Labia pudendi — a. Minores, Nymphfe, see
Sphenoid bone — a. Muliebres minores, Nyraphse
— a. Nasi, see Nasus — a. Pudendi Muliebris, La-
bia pudendi — a. Pulmonum, see Puhno — a. of
the Uterus, see Ala — a. Vespertilionis, see Uterus
ALAISE, Alhe.
ALAITER. from (F.) lait, 'milk.' To suckle.
ALALIA, Mutitas.
ALA.Vnia Alembic.
ALANFU'TA. A name given by the Arnbiana
to a vein, situate between the chin and lower lip,
which they were in the habit of opening in cases
of f(etor of the breath.— Avicennn.
ALAQUE'CA. The Ilindoostanee name of a
stone, found in small, polished fragments, which
is considered efficacious in arresting liaMnorrhage
when applied externally. It is a suljihurct of iron.
ALARES MUSCULI, Pterygoid muscles.
Ala'kks Ven^. The superficial veins at the
fold of the arm.
ALARIA OSSA. The wing-like processes of
the sphenoid bone.
ALA'RIS, Ala'tus, Aliform'is; from ala, 'a
wing.' Wing-shaped, winged.
ALATERNUS, COMMON, Rhamnus alater-
nus — a. Latifolius, Rhamnus alaternus.
ALA'TUS, J'terygo'des, Homo ala'tus. One
whose scapuhc project backwards like wings.
ALBA'DARAN, Atdabaran. The sesamoid
bone of the metatarso-phalangal joint of the
great toe. The Rabbis and Magicians attributed
extraordinary virtues to it. — Arabians.
ALBAGIAZI, Sacrum.
ALBAMENTUM, Albumen ovi.
ALBAN, SAINT, MINERAL AVATERS OF.
A French acidulous chalybeate, in the department
of the Loire.
ALBARAS ALBA, Lepra alphoides — a. Nigra,
Lepra nigricans.
ALBARyES, Lepra alphoides.
ALBAROS, Lepra alphoides.
ALBATRE, Alabaster.
ALBEDO UNGUIUM, see Nail,
ALBIN D'CEUF, Albumen ovi.
ALBINISM, see Albino.
ALBINISMUS, see Albino.
ALBI'NO, 'White.' Lencce'thiops, uFjhinps
alius, Bondo, from alhus, 'white,' (F.) Blafaid,
Negre-blanc. A Spanish word applied to indivi-
duals of the human race who have the skin and
hair white (Avhromodermie and Achromotricho-
mie. — Piorry); the iris very pale, bordering on
red; and the eyes so sensible that they cannot
bear the light of day. This condition, which has
been called Leuccethio'pia, Alpha' sis ^Ethiop'icn,
Albino'is'mus, Albinis'mus, Al.'binism, Kakerla-
kism, Leucopathi'a, Leuco'sis, is seen more fre-
quently in the Negro. Both sexes are exposed
to it. It does not seem to be true that there are
tribes of Albinos in the interior of Africa.
ALBINOISMUS, see Albino.
ALBOR OVI, Albumen ovi.
AL'BORA. A kind of itch or complicated
leprosy. — Paracelsus.
ALBOT, Crucible.
ALBOTIM, Terebinthina.
ALBUGIN^, Albuginea, Albugineous.
ALBUGIN'EA, A. Testis, Tu'nica alhngiu'ea,
Perites'tis, Dura mater testis, JUmbra'na cajtsulii'-
ris testis. (F.) Allwgine, Tunique albugiine. A
Strong, fibrous, and resisting membrane, which
immediately envelopes the testicle, and has, at
its upper part, an enlargement, called corpus
Highmorianum. From its inner surface it sends
off a number of flat, filiform prolongations or
septa, between which are contained the semi-
niferous vessels. Externally, it is covered by the
tunica vaginalis testis.
ALBUGIN'EOUS, yi;6w,7,-„'e»», 'white,' from
albus, (F.) Albugini. A term applied to textures,
humours, .fee., which are perfectly white
AlBUGIN'eous Fibue, (F.) Fibre albnginfie. A
name given by Chaussier to what he con.siders
one of the four elementary fibres.
The albugineous fibre is linear, eylindricnl
tenacious, elastic, but little extensible, and of -i
Bbinuig, satiny appearance. It forms fasciae or
ALBUGINITIS
43
ALCIIEMILLA
fapciouli, which constitute the tendons, articular
li.L'aiiients, and aponeuroses; hence the name
Alhiiiinirtiita mtmidrrtnes, given by Chaussier to
the fibrous mouibrancs.
Giiuthier considered, that the rete mucosum
consists of four layers, to two of which he gives
the names memhra'na nlbiirjiu'ea pro/iin'da and
memhrn'nn n/hnr/hi'ea miperfii'Hi'lin, respectively.
ALBIKUNI'TIS, (F.) 'Alh,uj!nite. A terra
employed by some authors for inflammation of
the albugineous tissue. Thus, gout and rheu-
matism are regarded as species of the genus
albiitrinitis.
AL15UG0 OCULORUM, Leucoma — a. Ovi,
Albumen ovi.
A LB U LA, Leucoma.
ALBUM CANIS, Album grEccum — a. Ceti,
Cetncoum.
Album Gr^cum, Album Cam's, Cynoc'oprus,
Spo'diiun Graco'rum, Stet-cus Cani'inim Album.
The white dung of the dog. It consists almost
wholly of phosphate and carbonate of lime, from
the bones used as food. It was formerly applied
as a discutient gargle in quinsies, and as an anti-
epileptic; but is now justly banished from
practice.
Album Nigrum. The excrement of the mouse.
Album Oculi, see Sclerotic.
Album Riiazis. A white ointment made of
cerusse and lard, prescribed by the Arabian phy-
sician Rhazes.
ALBU'MEN, Leuco'mrt, Ooni'ne, Ozemnn, from
alhiis, 'white.' (F.) Albniiiine. An immediate
principle of animals and vegetables, which con-
stitutes the chief part of the white of egg. It is
found in the scrum, chyle, synovia, serous fluids,
Ac. There is not much difl"erence in chemical
composition between animal and vegetable albu-
men, fibrin and casein. Also, the white of the
eye. See Sclerotic.
Albu'hen Ovi, Ovalbn'men, Albn'men, Albn'-
mor, Albii'ijo seu Albor seu Can'didum Ovi,
Clare' ta, Ovi alb im liquor, Albumen' turn, Lac avis,
white of egg, (F.) Blnnc d'a-uf, (Old F.) Albin
d'opuf, is used in pharmacy for suspending oils,
Ac, in water. See Ovum.
Albumen, Salivary, see Saliva. -•
ALBU}[[NE, Albumen — a. Cerebrale, Neu-
rinc — a. dn Ccrreau, Neurine.
ALBU'MINOID, AlbtnninoV d€s,iTom albumen,
and cirto?, ' resemblance.' Resembling albumen, as
fibrin, casein, <fec. It is often applied to aliments
in the same sense as proteinous.
ALBU'MINOSE. The soluble principle of
fibrin, identical with the dominant principle of
the white of egg. — Bouchardat. According to
others, the ultimate product of the transformation,
in the stomach, of albuminoid matters, which
renders them fit for assimilation and nutrition.
Albuminose is not coagulable by heat, and incom-
pletely so by acids ; an excess of acid dissolving
the precipitate. Robin and Verdeil regard it as
synonymous with the casein of the small intestine
ofTiedeinann and (imcWn, i\iC gelatiniform matter
of the intestine of Provost and Morin, and the
casein of the blood of Dumas. See Peptone.
ALBUMINO'SIS. A condition of the blood,
in which the ratio of albumen is increased, as in
abdominal typhus, variola, rubeola, Ac. Moser
and Strahl.
ALBUMINU'RIA. A hybrid term from 'albu-
men,' and ovpov, 'the urine.' A condition of the
urine in which it contains albumen, the presence
of which is indicated by its coagulation on the
application of adequate heat. See Kidney,
Briu'ht's disease of the.
ALBUMIXU'RIC, Albuminu'ricua, (F.) Albu-
miniiriqur. Relating or appertaining to albumi-
nuria. One labouring under Albuminuria.
ALBmriNURORRHEE, Kidney, Bright's
disease of the.
ALBU.MOR, Albumen ova.
AL'CAEST, Al'cahest, Al'chaest, perhaps from
(G.) all, 'all,' and geist, 'spirit.' A word in-
vented by Paracelsus to designate a liquor, which,
according to him, was capable of removing every
kind of swelling.
The same word was used by Van Helmont for
a fancied universal solvent, capable of reducing
every body to its elements.
Alcaest op Glauber is a thick liquor ob-
tained by detonating nitrate of potassa on hot
coals, which transforms it into subcarbonate of
potassa.
Alcaest op Respouk is a mixture of potassa
and oxyd of zinc.
ALCAHEST, Alcaest.
ALCAHOL, Alcohol.
ALCALES'CENCE. Alhahs'cence, Alcahscen'.
tia. The condition in which a fluid becomes
alkaline.
Alcalescence of the Humours was an old
notion of the humourists. It can only occur
during the putrid fermentation of animal mat-
ters, which contain azote, and produce ammonia.
Alcalin'ity is the quality of being alcaline.
AL'CALI or Ako'li, Al'kull, from al [Arab.,)
'the,' and kali, the name of the Saho'la Soda,
a plant which contains a large quantity of one
of the principal alkalis — soda. The alkalis are
substances soluble in water, possessing generally
a urinous, acrid, and caustic taste, turning the
syrup of violets green, and restoring to blue in-
fusion of litmus, which has been reddened by
acids; reddening the yellow of turmeric, and
having the greatest tendency to unite with acids,
whose character they modify, and form salts with
them. In medicine we understand by this term
Potassa, Soda, or Ammonia.
Alcali, Caustic, Al'kali Caus'ticum. A pure
alkali. One deprived of its carbonic acid.
Alcalis, Fixed, Soda and potassa; Volatile
Alcali, Ammonia.
Alcali Ammoniacum Acetatum, Liquor ara-
moniae acetatis — a. Ammoniacum fluidurn. Liquor
ammoniae — a. Fixum tartarizatum. Potassae tar-
tras — a. Minerale sulphuricum, Soda, sulphate
of — a. Tartar! aceto saturatum, Potassae acetas — ■
a. Vegetabile salito dephlogisticatum, Potassae
murias hyperoxygenatus — a. Vegetabile tartari-
zatum, Potassae tartras — a. Vegetabile vitriola-
tum, Potassae sulphas — a. Volatile acetatum, Li-
quor ammonia} acetatis — a. Volatile aeratum,
Ammoniae carbonas — a. Volatile ex sale ammo-
niaco, Ammoniae carbonas.
ALCALIGENE, Azote.
ALCALINITY. See Alkalescence.
AL'CALOID ; from alcali and £1^05, 'form.'
A name given to the organic alcalis to.distinguish
them from the mineral, from which they differ as
regards composition and general properties ; —
having nothing in common but their basic pro-
perties. Brucia, Smetia, Morphia, Strychnia,
itc, are alcaloids.
ALCANA. Anchusa ofiicinalis.
ALCANNA MA.TOR LATIFOLIA DENTA-
TA, Prinos — a. Orientalis. Lawsonia inermis — a.
Spuria, Anchusa tinctoria — a. Vera, Lawsonia
inermis.
ALCEA. Hibiscus abelmoschus — a. j^gyptiaca,
Hibiscus abelmoschus — a. Indica, Hibiscus abel-
moschus.
Al'cea Ro'sea. Common holli/hock, Hoc, Hocks.
Emollient, like Althaea.
ALCHACHENGE, Phvsalis.
ALCIIACMTL, Rosmarinus.
ALCHAEST. Alcahcst.
ALCHEMIL'LA, said to have been celebrated
ALCHEMY
44
•with the Alchemists [?], supposed by some to be
of Arabic derivation. A. vuhju'ris. Common
Ladiea' Mantle, Pea Lcn'nis, Leinitopo'dium, (F.)
Pied de Liun. Formerly iu great repute as an
astringent in hemorrhage.
ALCHEMY, Alcbymv.
ALCHITllAM, see Pinus Sylvestris.
ALCHITURA, see Pinus Sylvestris.
ALCOIIOOL, Alcohol.
ALCIIORXEA LATIFOLIA, see Alcornoque.
AL'CIIYMY, Al'chetny, Akhemi'a, Alchimi'a,
Adep'la Phihjsoph'ia, from al, an Arabic par-
ticle, signifying, 'superiority, excellence,' and
Chimia, ' Chyniistrv.' This word was formerly
synonymous with Ciiymi.stry ; but, from the 7th
century, it has been applied to the mysterious art
of endeavouring to discover a universal remedy,
and a mode of transmuting the baser metals into
gold : an operation to which they gave the name
Opus miKjuum, and Philosopher's stone.
Alchyiny has also been called Scien'tia vel
PhiloHoph'ia Hermet'ica, from an idea that Her-
mes or Mercury was its inventor.
Harris has well defined this chimerical art:
'Ars sine arte, cujua jirincipiunx est mentiri, me-
dium laborare, et finis mendicare.'
Al'chymist, (Old Eng.) Alh/mistre, Flatua'-
riiis, Adept'. One pretending to alchymy.
ALCOCALUM, Cynara scolymus.
AL'COHOL, Al'cnhol, Alchool, Alhol, Alcol,
Al'cool, Al'kool. An Arabic word, formerly used
fur an impalpable powder, and signifying ' very
subtile, much divided.' At the present day it is
applied to highly rectified spirit of wine: — see
^piritns rectificatus or rectified spirit, distilled
from dried subcarbonate of potassa. In the Ph.
U. S., Alcohol is rectified spirit of the specific
gravity 0.835.^ The Dublin college has a spiritus
yord'or, used in the preparation of certain essences,
whose specific gravity is .818. Alcohol, absolute
alcohol, of the Edinburgh and Dublin Pharma-
copoeias, is of specific gravity .797.
Alcohol is an inflammable liquor, lighter than
water, of a warm, acrid taste, colourless, trans-
parent, and of a pungent, aromatic smell. It is
the product of the distillation of vinous liquors ;
is miscible with water in all proportions, and is
the direct solvent of resins, balsams, &c. Various
other vegetable principles are soluble in it, and
hence it is used, in different states of concentra-
tion, in the preparation of elixirs, tinctures, es-
sences, &c.
Alcohol acts on the animal body as a powerful
stimulus : as such, in a dilute form, it is used in
the prevention and cure of disease. Its habitual
and inordinate use is the cause of many serious
affections, of a chronic character especially, as
visceral obstructions, dropsy, &o.
Alcohol, absolutk, see Alcohol — a. ^the-
reus Ferratus, A. Sulfurico-aethereus ferri — a.
cum Aloe perfoliata, Tinetura aloes — a. Am-
inoniae et guaiaci, Tinetura guaiaci ammoniata
— a. Ammoniatum, Spiritus ammonia; — a. Am-
Tioniatum aromaticura, Spiritus ammonia; aro-
inaticus — a. Ammoniatum foetidum, Spiritus
nminoniai fnetidus — a. Aniylicum, Oil, fusel —
a. cum Aromatibus sulphuricatus, Sulphurieum
acidum aromaticum- — a. cum Aromatibus compo-
situs, Tinetura cinnamomi composita — a. Casto-
riatum, Tinetura castorei — a. cum Crotone casca-
rilla, Tinetura cascarilloe — a. Dilutum, Spiritus
tenuior — a. Ferratus, Tinetura ferri muriatis —
a. cum Sulphate ferri tartarisatus, see Ferrum
tiirtarisatum — a. cum Guaiaco officinale ammo-
niatus, Tinetura guaiaci ammoniata — a. lodii,
Tinetura lodinse — a. cum Opio, Tinetura opii
— a. Methylic, Spiritus Pyroxylicus — a. Pyroxylic
Spiritus Pyroxylicus — a. Sulphuricatum, Elixir
acidum Halleri — a. Sulphurieum, Elixir acidum
ALEIMMA
Halleri— a. Sulphuris, Carbonis sulphuretum— a,
Vini, Spiritus rectificatus — a. Wood, bpintus
pyroxylicus. c • /
ALCOHOL'IC, Alcohol' icna, Spirituo sus,Aptr -
ituous. (F.) Alcooliqne. Kelating to or contain-
ing alcohol— as an alcoholic drink or remedy.
ALCOHOLISM'US, Al'coholism, (F.), Alco.
olisme. The series of morbid phenomena pro-
duced by the use of alcoholic liquors.
ALCOL, Alcohol.
ALCOLyE, Aphthae.
ALCOL AT, Alcoolat.
ALCOOL, Alcohol— a. Camphri, Spiritus cam-
phorae. — a. de Son/re, Carbonis sulphuretum.
ALCOOLAT, Spirit. It now generally signi-
fies alcohol, charged, by distillation, with the vola-
tile principles of certain substances, or a distilled
spirit, — Alcolat {Codex med. of Paris).
ALCOOLATUM, Tincture — a. Antiseorbuti-
cum, Tinetura de Cochleariis — a. Carminativum
Sylvii, Tinetura de Cochleariis — a. de Croco com-
positum, Tinetura de Croco composita.
ALCOOLATURE, Teintnre avec les plantea
fraiches. A name given by M. Bcral to certain
preparations introduced by iiim, which consist of
alcohol, charged, by maceration, with the soluble
principles of fresh plants. See Tincture.
ALCOOLE. A name given, in the new French
pharmaceutical nomenclature, to medicines re-
sulting from the solvent action of alcohol on
different substances, or from its admixture with
liquids which unite with it in all proportions.
See Tincture.
ALCOOLE SUCRE, Ratafia.
ALCOOLIQUE, Alcoholic.
ALCOOLISER (P.) Formerly, ' to reduce into
an impalpable powder.' No longer used.
ALCbOLISME, Alcoholismus.
ALCOOLOMETER, Areometer.
ALCOOMBTER, Areometer.
ALCORNOQUE {¥.), Cortex Alcornoco. The
bark of Alchor'nea latifu'lia, of Jamaica, which
has been considered capable of curing phthisis.
It is bitter, tonic, and slightly astringent. Dose
of the powder ^i to ^ss.
AL'CYON, Hal'cyon. A swallow of Cochin
China, whose nest is gelatinous and very nutri-
tious. It has been proposed in medicine as ana-
leptic and aphrodisiac.
ALCYO'NIUM, Bastard sponge. The ashes
were formerly employed as dentrifiees : tliey were
believed proper for favoring the growth of the
hair and beard, and were used in Alopecia.
ALDABARAN, Albadaran.
ALDEHYDE, see Anassthetic.
ALDER, AMERICAN, Alnus serratula — a.
Black, Prinos, Rhamnus frangula — a. European.
Alnus glutinosa — a. White, Clethra alnifolia.
ALE, Cerevisia.
Ale, White. A drink, used in Devonshire,
England, amongst the ingredients of which are
milk, spice, and spirit.
ALEACAS, Glycyrrhiza.
ALEBERRY. A beverage, formerly made by
boiling ale with spice and sngar, and sops of
bread. It was given to invalids. — Palsgrave.
ALECOST, Tanaeetum balsamita.
ALECTO'RIUS LAPIS, Alecto'ria ; from
a^cKTtap, ' a cock.' The name of a stone, supposed
to exist in the stomach of the cock, or, according
to others, in that of the capon, four years old.
Many marvellous properties were formerly attri-
buted to it, which are as groundless as its exist-
ence. There are no stones in the stomach, except
what have been swallowed.
ALEGAR, Acetum.
ALEHOOF, Glechoma hederacea.
ALEIMMA, Liniment.
ALEIPHA
4 5
ALIMENT
ALEIPnA, Liniment.
ALEIPTK'llIUM, from aXn^w, 'I anoint.'
The place in the ancient gymnasium where the
coinbahints anointed themselves.
ALEIP'TKOX. Same etymon. A box for
containing ointments.
ALE MA. Farina.
ALEM'IjIC (Ar'tb.), Mnorshead, Cnpitel'lttm,
Capil'ii/ 11)11, Am'blcuH, (F.) Alnmhic. A utensil
made of glass, metal, or earthen ware, adapted
for distillation. A atiU. It consists of a body
or cucurbit, (F.) CHCnrbite, chandiere, to which is
attached a head or capital, (F.) chapiteau, and
out of this a benk descends laterally to be inserted
into the receiver, worm, condenser, or refrigera-
tor, (F.) serpeutin, refrigerant, as the case may
be.
ALEM'BROTH ,{Salt.) Sal Alembroth. The
alchyniists designated by this name, and by
those of Stxl aapien'tioB, Sal rirtia, Sal vitcB and
.S'. Scienti(P., the product resulting from the sub-
limation of a mixture of corrosive sublimate and
sal ammoniac. It is stimulant, but not employed.
ALESE (F.), Aleze, Alaise, Lin'teum, from
a>.c(u), ' I preserve.' A guard. A cloth arranged
in several folds, and placed upon a bed, so as to
(juard it from the lochial or other discharges.
ALETON. Farina.
ALKTRIS, A. farinosa.
Al'iotkis (Ph. U. S.), A. Farxno'aa seu alba,
Stargrass, Starwort, Blazing star. Aloe-root,
liitter-grnss, Black root. Unicorn root, Ague root.
Ague f/rass, Colic root. Devil's bit, Me(dy slanoort,
(F.) Aletris. Nat. Ord. Asphodeleae. Sex. Si/st.
llexandria Monogynia. This plant is an intense
and permanent bitter, and is used as a tonic and
stomachic. It is common in the United States.
Aletius alba, Aletris — a. Aurea; indigenous
— has similar virtues.
ALEUROX. Farina.
ALKUROTESrS, see Cribration.
ALEXANDERS, Smyrnium olusatrum.
ALEXANDRI ANTIDOTES AUREA. See
Alexiindrinfc.
ALEXAN'DRINE, Emplas'trum Alexan'dri.
A garlic plaster, invented by Alexander, contem-
porary of Mesne. Other ancient preparations
were called ' Alexandrine ;' as the Alexan'dri
antid'otus au'rea, used in apoplexy ; the Collyr'-
ium siccittn Alexandri'num, or 'Collyrium of King
Alexander,' mentioned by Aetius.
ALEXICACUM, Amuletum, Alexipharmic.
ALEXIPHAR'MIC, Alexiphar'mocus, Anti-
phar'maens, Alexica'cus, Caco-alexite' ria, Lexi-
phar'macus, (F.) Alexiphartnaque, from a\c^civ,
' to repel,' and (pap/iaKov, ' poison.' A term for-
merly used for medicines which were considered
proper for expelling from the body various mor-
bific principles, or for preventing the bad effects
of poisons taken inwardly.
ALEXIPYRETICUS, Febrifuge.
ALEXIR, Elixir.
ALEXITE'RIA, Cacalexite'ria, from aXtlaa^at,
' to assist.' Originally, alexilerium was used
synonymously with remedy. In more modern
times it has been applied to a class of medicines,
that counteract poisons placed in contact with
the exterior of the body, in contradistinction to
alexipharmic.
ALEXITERIUM CIILORICUM, see Disin-
fection— a. Nitricum, see Disinfection.
ALEZE, Aleae.
ALFUSA, Tutia.
ALGA MARINA, Pila marina.
ALGAL IC, Catheter.
ALtJALIE, Catheter.
AL'GAROTII, Al'garot, Algaro'thi Pulvis,
Puhie Awjel'icus, Ox'idum seu Submu'rias Slib'ii
prcecipitan'do para'tum, Antimo'nii Ox'ydum,
Ox'idum antimo'nii Nitro-inuriat'icum, O.c'idum
Slib'ii Ac"ido Muriat'ico oxygena'to para tun,
Mercu'rius Vita, Mercu'rins Mortis, Flowers of
Antimony, (F.) Oryde d'Anlimoine, so called from
Victor Algarothi, a Veronese physician ; sepa-
rated from the terchloride of antimony by pouring
the terchloride into a large quantity of water.
When this, an oxychloride, is washed with abun-
dance of water to separate the muriatic acid, and
afterwards by a solution of alkali to remove tbe
terchloride, the teroxide of antimony, Antimo-
nii Oxidum of the Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia is
left. It was formerly much used as an emetic,
purgative, and diaphoretic.
ALGE'DO, from a\yo{, 'pain.' Violent pain
about the neck of the bladder, occasionally oc-
curring in gonorrhoea. — Cockburn.
Algedon, Pain.
ALGBMA,Pain.
ALGESIS, Pain.
ALGETICUS, SeeAlgos.
AL'GIDUS, from a/gor, ' co\di.' (¥.) Algide.
That which is accompanied by coldness.
Al'gida Febkis, Febris horrif'ica seu hor'-
rida seu (juer'quera seu crymo'des, Bry'cetus,
Bry'chetus. (F.) Fievre algide, Algid Fecer. A
pernicious intermittent, accompanied by icy cold-
ness, which is often fatal in the second or third
paroxysm.
ALGOR, Rigor.
ALGOS, aAyot, 'pain.' See Pain. Hence,
Alget'icus, 'painful,' as Epilep'sia ahjet'ica. The
suflix algia has the same signification — as in
Cephalalgia, I'leurali/ia, Neuralgia, &c.
ALGOSPAS'MUS', from aAyoj, 'pain,' and
(j-Kaajioi, ' spasm.' Painful spasm or cramp of tho
muscles.
ALGUE COMMUNE, Pilamarina— a. 3Tarine,
Pila marina — a. des Verriers, Pila marina.
ALHAGI, Agul.
ALHANDAL, see Cucumis colocynthis.
ALHASEF, Sudamina.
ALHAUNE, Lawsonia inermis.
ALIBILIS, Nutritious.
AL'ICA, Hal'ica, Farina'rium, Chondrug, from
alcre, 'to nourish.' A grain from which the an-
cients made their tisanes; supposed, by some, to
have been the Triticum sjyelta. At times, it
seems to have meant the tisane itself.
AL'ICES, from aXifw, 'I sprinkle.' Spots
which precede the eruption of small pox.
ALIENATIO. Anomalia— a. Mentis, Insanity.
ALIENATION, MENTAL, Insanity.
ALIENATES, Insane.
ALIENE, Insane.
ALIENISTE, see Psychiatria.
ALIENDS, Delirious.
ALIFORMES MUSCULL Pterygoid muscles.
ALIFORMIS, Alaris, Pterygoid.
ALIGULUS, Confection.
ALIMA, Aliment.
ALIMELL^, Parotid.
AL'IMENT, Alimen'tum, Al'ima, Bnrma'lia,
Nutri' men, A'u'triens, SuKtentac'ulum, Ciba'rium,
Broma, Comis'te, Oibus, Esca, N^utri'tu^, Nutri-
men'tum, Sitos, Trophe. (Prov.) Belly-timber.
(F.) Aliment, Nnurriture, from alere, 'to nourish.'
Food. Any substance which, if introduced into
the system, is capable of nourishing it and repair-
ing its losses.
The study of aliments forms one of the most
important branches of hygiene. They are con-
iined to the organized kingdom, — the mineral
aflFording none.
As regards the immediate principles which
ALIMENTAL
46
ALLENTIIESIS
predominate in their composition, they have
been classed, but imperfectly, as follows : —
1. Feculaceous,
TABLE OF ALIMENTS.
Wheat, barley, oats, rye, rice, In-
potato, sago, peas,
Mucilaginous.
Saccharine.
i Wheat, barley
< iiinn coru,
( beans, <te.
I Carrot, salsify, bt
< pus, cabbage,
( melon, Ac.
Carrot, salsify, beet, turnip, a.«para-
lettuce, artichoke,
4. Acidulous.
5.
Suprar. fig, date, raisin, apricot. &c.
Orange, currant, gooseberry, cher-
ry, peach, strawberry, raspberry,
mulberry, prune, pear, apple,
sorrel, &c.
r>u„„,\,^„. ,j( Cocoa, olive, sweet almond, nut,
Vieaqinnus ana} „ , . ■ ■ *■ . -i u *»
j^^ilfy < walnut, animal fat, oil, butter,
( &c.
Different kinds of milk, cheese.
Tendon, aponeurosis, true skin,
cellular texture; very young
animal.s.
Brain, nerve, eggs, &c.
9. Fibrinous. Flesh and blood.
Gelatinous.
Albuminous.
Fibrinous.
Dr. Prout has four great classes — the aqueous,
saccharine, oleaginous, and albuminous: — Dr.
Pereira, twelve — the aqueous, mucilaginous or
gummy, saccharine, amylaceous, ligneous, pecti-
tiaceous, acidulous, alcoholic, oily or fatty, pro-
teinaceous, gelatinous, and saline.
Liebig divides them into two classes: — the
NITROGK.VIZED Or PLASTIC ELEMENTS OF NUTRI-
Tio.N, in which he comprises vegetable fibrin,
vegetable albumen, vegetable casein, flesh and
blood ; and the non-nitrogbnized elements of
RESPIRATIO.V, in which he comprises/af, starch,
yum, cane sugar, grape sugar, sugar of milk, pec-
tin, bnssorin, wine, beer and spirits. The former
alone, in his view, are inservient to the nutrition
of organized tissue : the latter are burnt in respi-
ration, and furnish heat.
The following; simple arrangement is, perhaps,
as little objectionable as any : —
1. NUrngp.nized AH
(^Albuminous
'ments, S
, of Prout.) J I
Fibrinous (Glutinous?)
Albuminous.
Caseinous.
I Amylaceous.
2. Nbn-nilrogenized Aliments, < Saccharine.
( Oleaginous.
The second division might be still farther sim-
plified, inasmuch as amylaceous aliments are
convertible into sugar during the digestive pro-
cess; and, from both, oleaginous matter may be
formed.
ALIMENTAL, Nutrimental.
ALIiMENTARY, Nutrimental— a. Tube, Canal,
alimentarv.
ALIMENTATION, Alimenta' tio. The act of
nourishing.
ALIMENTEUX, Nutrimental.
ALIMENTUM, Aliment, Pabulum.
ALIMOS, Giycyrrhiza.
ALINDE'SIS, from a\ivioyiai, 'to be turned
about.' A species of exercise, which consisted
in rolling in the dust, after having been anointed
with oil. — Hippocrates.
ALIPJE'NOS, AUpcB'num, Alipan'tos, from a,
priv., and \inavuv, ' to be fat.' An epithet for-
merly given to every external remedy, devoid of
fat or moisture : such as powders. — Galen.
ALIPANTOS, Aliptenos.
ALIP'TA, Alip'tes, from oAti^o). 'I anoint.'
He who anointed the Atbletae after bathing.
The place where this was done was called Alip-
te'rium.
ALIPTERIUM, see Alipta.
ALIP'TICA, same etymon. The part of an-
cient medicine, which treated of inunction as a
means of preserving health.
ALfSfER BLANC, Cratsegus aria.
ALISMA, A. plantago. Arnica montana — a.
Graminifolia, A. plantago — a. Lanccolata, A.
plantago.
Alis'ma Planta'go, Aiisma, A. la nceola'ta seu.
gruminifii'lia, Planta'go aquat'ica, Water Plan-
tain, (F.) Plantain d'Eau. Ord. Alismacea;.
Sex. Syst. Hexandria Polygynia. The fresh root
is acrid, and the dried leaves will vesicate. The
I leaves have been proposed as substitutes for Uva
t Ursi.
ALITURA, Nutrition.
AL'KALE, O'leum G<dU'ncB. An ancient phar-
maceutical name for pullets' fat.
ALKALE.SCENCE, Alcalescenee.
ALKALI, see Alcali — a. Ainmoniacum caus-
ticum. Ammonia — a. Amnioniacum spirituosum,
Spiritus ammoniaj — a. Minerale nitratuni. Soda,
nitrate of — a. Minerale phosphoratum, Soda,
phosphate of — a. Minerale salinuui, Soda, mu-
riate of — a. Vegetable, Potash — a. Vegetabile cum
aceto, PotassiB acetas — a. Vegetabile fixum caus-
ticum, Potassa fusa — a. Volatile, Ammonia — a.
Volatile causticum, Ammonia — a. Volatile, con-
crete, Aminoniae carbonas — a.. Volatile, mild, Am-
moniiB carbonas — a. Volatile nitratum, Ammoniis
nitras — a. Volatile tartarizatum, Ammonias tartras
— a. Volatile vitriolatum, AmmoniaB sulphas.
ALKANET, BASTARD, Lithospermum offici-
nale— a. Dyer's, Anchusa tinctoria — a. Garden,
Anchusa officinalis — a. Officinal, Anchusa offici-
nalis.
ALK.AR, Medicament.
ALKEKEN(JI, Physalis.
ALKER'MES, Oonfec'tio Alher'mes, Alcher'-
mes. A celebrated electuary, composed of a mul-
titude of substances. It was so called from tlie
grains of kermes contained in it. It was used
as a stimulant. Also, kermes.
ALKERVA, see Ricinus communis.
ALKITRAN, Cedria.
ALKOL, Alcohol.
ALKOOL. Alcohol.
ALKYMISTRE, Alchymist.
ALLA, Cerevisia.
ALLA ITEM E NT, Lactation.
ALLAMAN'DA, A. Cathar'tica seu qrandi-
flo'ra, Ore'lia grandiflo'ra, Gal'arips, Echi'nus
scaudens, Apoc"ynnm scandens. A shrub, natis'e
of Guiana, the infusion of whose leaves is said by
Linnffius to be useful in Colica Pictonum
ALLANTODES, Allantois.
ALLAN'TOIC ACID, Ac"idum allonto'icum.
A peculiar acid, found in the liquor of the allan-
tois of the cow.
ALLANTOIDES, Allantois.
ALLAN'TOIS, AllantoVdes, Allanto'dca, Mem-
bra'na urina'ria, M. seu Tunica Farcimina'lis,
M. Intestina'lis, the Allantold Vesicle, from aXXa;,
aXXavTos, 'a sausage,' and £(^of, 'shape.' A sort of
elongated bladder,between the chorion and amnion
of the foetus, which is thrown out from the caudal
extremity of the embryo, and communicates with
the bladder by the urachus. It is very apparent
in quadrupeds, but not in the human .species. As
the allantois is developed, its walls become very
vascular, and contain the ramifications of what
become the umbilical artery and vein, which, by
the elongation of the allantois, are brought
through the villi of the chorion, into in.iirect
communication with the vessels of the mother.
ALLANTOTOX'ICIJM fr(,m,.\» w
sausage, and ro^,<cov 'a poison.' Sausage poison
(G.) Wurstg.ft. The Germans have given this
name to a poison developed in sausages formed
of blood and liver.
ALLECTUARY, Electnarium.
ALLELUIA. Oxalis acetosclla.
ALLEN'TIIESIS, from aXXo,, 'another,' and
cvdccci, 'introduction.' The entrance in(o or
ALLEVIATOR
47
ALLUS POLLEX
presence of extraneous bodies in, the orcanism. —
WiiUher.
ALLE'VIATOR, from nd,'to,' and levare, 'to
raise;' 'a soother.' An instrument for raising in-
valids, invented hy Mr. Jenks, of Rhode Island.
It con.-isis of two upright i)osts, about six feet
(ligh, each supported by a pedestal; of two hori-
zontal bars at the top, rather longer than a cora-
n)on bedstead ; of a windlass of the same length,
placed six inches below the upper bar; of a cog-
wheel and handle; of linen belts from six to
twelve inches wide; of straps secured at one end
of the windlass; and at the other having hooks
attached to correspondingeyes in the linen belts,
and of a head-piece made of netting. The pa-
tient lying on his mattress, the surgeon passes
the linen belts beneath his body, attaching them
to the hooks on the ends of the straps, and ad-
justing the whole at the proper distance and
length, so as to balance the body exactly, and
then raises it from the mattress by turning the
handle of the windlass. To lower the patient
again, and replace him on the mattress, the wind-
lass must be reversed.
ALLGOOD, Chenopodium bonus Ilenricus.
ALLILEAL, Heracleum spondylium.
ALLIA'CEOUS, AUia'ceiw, {P.") A/liace, from
allium, 'garlic' Belonging to garlic, as alliace-
oua odour.
ALL [AIRE, Alliaria.
ALLIA'RIA, frotn niZfVm, its smell resembling
garlic. A. ojjichin'lis, Ery»'{iimm alliii'ria sou
ciirdifi)' iinni, Sinyiii'l>rtuiii al/lu'ria, Jnck-in-the
hedije, Stinking hcdije Ifnstard, Hedge Garlic,
iSniice-rtlniie, Ilea'peris allia'ria, (F.) Alliaire.
Ord. Cruciferifi. This plant has been sometimes
given in humid asthma and dj'spnoea. It is
reputed to be diaphoretic, diuretic, and antiscor-
butic.
The Parisian Codex has a compound syrup of
alliaria, Sirop d'eri/niiiniiii compose, which is used
in hoarseness.
ALLKJATURA, Fascia, Ligature.
ALLIOTICUS, Alterative.
AL'LIUM, (Ph. U. S.) from oleo, 'I smell.'
A. sati'vum, Theridca rustico'rnm, Ampelvp' ra-
snni, Scor'odoii, Scordon, Garlic, (P.) Ail. Ord.
Liliacea;. Se.r. Sijst. Hexandria Monogynia. A
native of Sicily, but cultivated for use. The
hidbn or cloves, Ag'lithes, have a strong, ofl'ensive,
and penetrating odour, and a sweetish, biting,
and caustic taste. lutemnlhj, garlic is stimulant,
diuretic, expectorant, emmenagogue (?), diapho-
retic, and anthelmintic. Ejcternally, it is rube-
facient, maturative, and repellent; and a garlic
ointinent is made by digesting, at a moderate
heat, for half an hour, two or three cloves of
fresh garlic in an ounce of lard, and straining.
It is applied as a rubefacient to the chest in
croup.
Dose, one to six cloves, swallowed whole, or
from f J^ss to f ^^ij of the juice.
Taijlor's Jicmcdi/ for Deafness, a nostrum, ap-
pears to consist of garlic, infused in oil of al-
monds, and coloured by alkanet root.
AtLii'M Ascalon'iciim, Echnlotte.
Allium CANArKN'sR, Meadow garlic; indige-
nous ; has the same properties as allium.
Allium Ckpa, Ccpn Vnlga'ris, Common Onion,
('tpul'la, Crom'nii/on, (F.) Oignnn. Acrid and
ttiini.lating, and possessing very little nutriment.
Onions have been used as stimulants, diuretics,
and anthelmintics. The boiled or roasted onion,
as a cataplasm, is emollient and maturating.
The fresh root is rubefacient. The expressed
juice is sometimes used in otalgia and in rhcu-
inntisin.
Allium Galliccm, Portulaca — a. Plantagi-
neum, A. Victoriale.
Allium Porrum, Porrum, P. sati'vum, Prn.
stun, the Leek or J'orret ; (F.) Poirean, Porreau.
It possesses the same property as the onion.
The virtues of the genus Allium depend upon
an acrid principle, soluble in water, alcohol, acids,
and alkalies.
Allii'm Redolens, Teucrium scordium
Allium Victoria'le, A. plantagin'eum, C'pa
victoria'lis, Victoria'lis longa. The root, Vfhicii,
when dried, loses its alliaceous smell and laste,
is said to be efiicacious in allaying the abdominal
spasms of pregnant women (?)
ALLOCIIET'IA, Allot riochet'ia, from alU^,
'another,' and x'C'^'"' ' t" go to stool.' The dl^-
charge of extraneous matters from the bowels.
The discharge of fa?ces by an abnormous opening.
ALLOCHOOS, Delirious.
ALLOCHROMA'SIA, from aAXoj, 'another,'
and ■xpi'^jxa, ' colour.' A change of colour.
ALLCEOPATHIA, Allopathy.
ALL(F,OPATHIC, Allopathic.
ALLffiOSlS, Alteration.
ALLtEOTICUS, Alterative.
ALLOIOSIS, Alteration.
ALLOIOTiCUS, Alterative.
ALLONGEMENT, E\ongAtion.
ALLOPATH, AUopathist.
ALLOPATHES, Allopathic.
ALLOPATH'IC, Allopath'icns, AUcpopath'ic,
Allaeopath'iciis, Allop'athes, Heteropath' ic, from
aWoi, 'another,' and ttuOos, 'afi'ection.' Relating
to the ordinary method of medical practice, in
contradistinction to the homoeopathic. See Allo-
pathy.
ALLOPATHIE, Allopathy.
ALLOP'ATHIST, Al'lopath, same etymon.
One who follows allopathy.
ALLOP'ATH Y, Allopathi'a,Allceopat7ii'a, H;/-
penantio'sis, Hypenantio'ma, Cnrn'tio contrario' -
rmnp€rcontra'ria,[F.) Allopathie ; same etymon.
The opposite to homoeopathy; or, according to
Hahnemann, a method of treatment in which
remedial agents are employed, the action of
which, on healthy man, produces morbid phe-
nomena diflt'erent from those that are observed
in the sick person. The ordinary medical prac-
tice is so designated by the homoeopathist.
ALLOPHASIS, Delirium.
ALLOTRIOCHETIA, Allochetia.
ALLOTRIODON'TIA, from aWoTpioi, 'fo-
reign,' and oSovs, 'a tooth.' Transplantation of
teeth.
ALLOTRIOEC'CRISIS, from aXAorpoj, 'fo-
reign,' and cKKpiais,' 'separation.' The separa-
tion of extraneous matters from the body in dis-
ease.
ALLOTRIOGEUSTIA, Parageustia.
ALL0TRI0PHA(3IA, Malacia.
ALLOTRIOTEX'IS, from aXXorpioi, 'foreign,'
and Tc^ii, 'parturition.' The bringing forth of
an abnormous foetus.
ALLOTRIU'RIA, from aXXorpioi, 'foreign,'
and ox'pov, 'urine.' Admixture of foreign mat-
ters with the urine.
AL'LOTROPISM; (Y.) Allotropie, from aXAot,
'another,' and Tporog, ' a turn or change. A term
recently introduced into chemistry, the object of
which is to express the property, possessed by
certain simjile bodies, of assuming different quali-
ties on being subjected to certain modes of treat-
ment. Carbon, for example, furnishes three
forms — plumbago, charcoal, and diamond.
ALL-OVERISH, see Indisposition.
ALLSPICE, see Myrtus pimenta — a. Bush,
Laurus Benzoin — a. Carolina, Calycanthus — a.
Wild. Laurus Benzoin.
ALLUCINATIO, Hallucination.
ALLURE, Influenza.
ALLUS POLLE-X, Pollex, see Digitus.
ALMA
48
ALTERATIVE
ALMA. Water.
ALM AU[Ai},.';eePluinbioxy<luin scmivitreum.
AliMb'ZERION, Cneoruui trieoccuiu.
AL.MONl). AiiiygJ'ilii-
Almon-u Bloom. A liquid cosmetic, formed
of liruzil ditat ^^j, water Oiij ; boil and .'train ;
and add inhitj/dus ^vj, grnun sylrestrui ,^ij, or
cochineal ^ij, alum ^j, borox 3''j j boil again,
and strain througli a line cloth.
Almond Caki:, see Amygdala — a. of the Ear,
Tonsil — a. Earth, Arachis hypoga;a — a. Paste,
see Amygdala — a. Powder, see Amygdala — a. of
the Throat, Tonsil.
ALNUS, A. glutinosa — a. Communis, A. gluti-
nosa.
ALNUS GLUTINO'SA, Alnns, A commu'nin,
Bet'ubi yiutino'sa seu emnrgina'ta, Europe'an Al-
der, (Sc.) Aril, Eller, Ord. Betulacea3. A tree
■which grows in Europe, in moist places. The
bark and leaves are astringent and bitter; and
hence are employed in intermitteats, and as a
tonic and astringent.
Alnus Skiiuat'ula, ^mertcad J^We?-, has simi-
lar properties.
Aln'us NiGit.v, Rhamnus frangula.
ALOCIII'A, from a, privative, and Xo'^ftia, 'lo-
chia.' Absence of the lochial discharge.
ALOKDA'RIUM. A compound medicine, con-
taining aloes. — GorriBus.
ALOE, Aloes — a. False, Agave Virginica.
ALOi; ROOT, Aletris farinosa.
AL'OES, Al'oe, Fel Natu'ra. The inspissated
juice of the Aloe. Ord. Asphodeleae. Sex. Syst.
Hexandria Monogynia.
Aloks Rarbadhnsis, a. hepatica — a. Bombay,
A. hepatica — a. des Barbades, A. hepatica.
Aloes Caballi'na, A. Giiinieii'sls, Horne-aloes.
Used chiefly for horses. It is collected in Spain
and Portugal, and is very coarse.
ALOES EN CALEBASSES, A. hepatica.
ALOb;s, Cape, Shining Aloes ; a cheap and ex-
cellent form of aloes, collected at the Cape of
Good Hope, from Aloe ferox, A. A/rtcana, A.
spicata, and other species.
Aloes, East India, A. Succotorina — a. Guini-
ensis, A. Caballina.
Aloes Hepat'ica, A. vnlga'ris, A. Barhaden'-
ain, Hepnt'ic aloes, Bombay aloes, Barba'does
aloes, A. vnlga'ris exfrac'tnm, (F.) Aloes en eale-
basses, A. des Barbades. This species has a very
disagreeable odour, and an intensely bitter and
nauseous taste. Properties the same as the last.
Aloes, Horse, A. Caballina — a. Lucida, A.
Succotorina — a. Soeotrine, A. Succotorina — a.
Spicata extractum, A. Succotorina.
Aloes Succotori'na, Soc'otrine aloes, Turkey
aloes. East India aloes. Aloes In'cida, A. ZoctorV-
nia, A. spica'tcB extrac'tnm, An'iina Aloes, is the
best species. Its odour is not unpleasant ; taste
very bitter, and slightly aromatic ; colour red-
dish-brown, with a shade of purple; mass hard,
friable ; fracture conchoidal and glossy ; soluble
in dilute alcohol. Powder of a bright cinnamon-
yellow colour. It is cathartic, warm, and stimu-
lating; emmenagogue, anthelmintic, and stoma-
chic. As a cathartic, it aflects the rectum chiefly.
Dose, as a cathartic, gr. v to ^j in pill.
Aloes, Turkey, A. Succotorina — a. Vulgaris,
A. hepatica — a. AVood, Agallochum — a. Zocto-
rinia, A. Succotorina-
ALOET'IC, Aloet'icus. A preparation which
contains aloes.
ALOEXYLOX, Agallochum.
ALOGOTROPiriA, from aXoyof, 'dispropor-
tionate,' and Tpo'pri, 'nutrition.' Irregular nutri-
tion. Used particularly to designate the irreo-u-
lar manner in which the nutrition of bones" is
effected in rickety individuals.
ALOPECES, Psoic.
ALOPECIA, from oXa>Trr,^, 'a fox;' (Ibis ani-
mal being said to be subject to the anc('tioii.)
Capillo'ium de/lu'vinm, Alhrix depi'lis, J'halac-
ro'tis, Depila'iio, Tricho'sis Athrix, aaiigra'na
Alope'cia, Atrich'ia, Bejhi'vinm seu Lapxns scu
Fliixus Pilo'riim, Lipsotrich'ia, Vnlpis morbus,
Pela'da, Baldness, (F.) Pelade. Falling ofl' of
the hair ; loss of the hair. When this is confined
to the crown of the head, it is called calvilies, a\-
though the terms are often used synonymously.
When congenital, it is called Atrich'ia scu Alope'-
cia adiia'ta. The falling off of the hair in old
age is termed Alope'cia seni'lia.
Alopecia Adnata, see Alopecia — a. Areata,
Porrigo decalvaus — a. Circumscripta, Porrigo
decalvans — a. Partialis, Porrigo decalvans — a.
Senilis, see Alopecia.
ALOUCHE, Crataegus aria.
ALOUCH'I. The name of a gum procured
from the canella alba tree.
ALOUCHIER, Crataegus aria.
ALPAM. A shrub which grows on the coast
of Malabar. Certain parts of this, infused in oil,
form an antipsoric ointment. The juice of the
leaves, mixed with that of calamus, is employed
against the bites of serpents.
ALPIIENIC, Saccharum candidum.
ALPHITEDON, see Fracture.
ALPII'ITON. a\<piTov, Polen'ta, Fari'na. Any
kind of meal. Toasted barley-meal. — Hippocra-
tes. Polenta means, also, a food composed of In-
dian meal, cheese, <fcc. See Farina.
ALPIION'SIN, Alphon'sinum. A kind of bul-
let forceps, similar to a Porte-crnyoii, so-called
from the inventor, Alphonso Ferri, of Naples. —
Scultetus.
ALPHOS, Lepra alphoides.
ALPHOSIS .^THIOPICA, see Albino.
ALPINIA CARDAMOiMUM, Amomum car-
damomum — a. Exaltata, Renealmia exaltata —
a. Tubulata, Renealmia exaltata — a. Galanga,
Maranta galanga.
ALPISTE. Phalaris Canadiensis.
ALSANDERS, Smyrnium olusatrnm.
ALSI'NE 'b,'i.WT>lA, A. avicula' rvm s^en viilga'-
ris, from oAo-oy, ' a grove,' because growing abun-
dantly in the woods. [ ? ] Jlorsus Galli'ncB, Holos'.
teum Alsi'ne, Stella'ria me'dia, 3Iouse-ear, Chid:-
weed, Chickenwort, (F.) 3Iouron des Oiseaux, Mor-
geline. Ord. Caryophyllacea. This plant, if boiled
tender, may be eaten like spinach, and forms an
excellent emollient poultice. It was formerly
regarded as a vulnerary and detergent.
ALTAFOR, Camphor.
ALTER SEXUS, Sex, female.
ALTERANS, Alterative.
ALTERANT, Alterative; see, also. Alteration.
ALTER A'TlO'S,Altera'tio, from alter, 'other,'
Alloio'sis, Allaeo'sis. This word is used in France
to express any change which supervenes; for ex-
ample, in the expression of the countenance {al-
teration de la face,) or in the structure of an
organ {alteration organique,) or in the nature of
fluids excreted {alteration de Vurine, des larmes,
du lait, (Vc.)
Alteration is also used in an entirely different
sense, to express intense thirst in disease. In
this case Us etymology is different. It comes
from haleter, and was formerly written haleter-
ation.
AL'TERATIVE. Al'terans, Alloioficus, Alice-
otieus Alliot'icus, Immu'tans. An agent con-
sidered to be capable of producing a salutarv
change ,n a disease, but without excitin- any
sensible evacuation. As medicine improves, this
uncertain class of remedies becomes, of necessity,
diminished in number. See Eutrophie
(F.) Alterant. The French term' likewise
ALTERCANGEXON
49
ALVEUS
means, that which causes thir.H, — Slticulo'snii, j
Dipset'icHH, as altirer means both to change, and
to cause thirst. S'alterer is to experience a
chan;,'e for tiio worse, — (corrum'pi.)
ALTERCANUENON, Hyoscyamus.
ALTERCUM, Hyoscyamus.
ALTERED, see Castratus.
ALTIl^'A, from aXOuv, ' to heal ;' A. nfficinn'-
li», Mti/iHtvin'cnm, ArisUiUhcB'a, Hibis'cuH, Hi-
bis'cum, Ibis'chus, Ibis'cha minmal'va, liismnl'va,
Marsh mallow. (Prov.) Malice. (F.) Gni-
niative. Orel. Malvaceae. Sex. Sytt. Monadelphia
Polyandria. Tho leaves, AUIkb'or fo'Uu, and
root, Alth(B'(B radix, contain much mucilage.
They are emollient and demulcent, and are cm-
ployed wherever medicines, possessing such pro-
perties, are re(iuired. In the Ph. U. S., Althaea
is the root of Althaea ofRcinalis,
ALTHANAIIIA, Orpiment.
ALT HE US, Physician.
ALTIIAXIS, Curation.
ALTIiOS, Medicament.
ALTIIilBAT, Torebinthina.
ALU'DEL, Alu'tel, Vitriim suhlimato'rium. A
hollow sphere of stone, glass, or earthen ware,
with a short neck projecting at each end, by
means of which one glass might be set upon the
other. The uppermost had no aperture at the
top. Aludels were formerly used in the sublima-
tion of various substances.
A'LULA, diminutive oi ala, 'a, wing.' A little
wing.
ALUM, Symphytum — a. Cataplasm, Coagulum
aluminosuni — a. Egyptian, vEiryptia stypteria.
Alum, Roche, Alu'men de Ituchi, (F.) Alnn de
Roche. So called from Roccha in Syria, where
there was a manufactory of it. It is in pieces of
the size of an almond, covered with a reddish
efiBorescence.
Conniion Roclie Alum, A. Roehi Gallis. Frag-
ments of common alum moistened and shaken
with prepared bole. It is white when broken.
Alum Root, Geranium maculatuui, lleuchera
cortusa.
Alum, Solution op, Compound, Liquor alumi-
nis coinpositus.
Alum Springs op Virginia, see Virginia, mine-
ral waters of.
ALU'MEN, (an Arabic terra, alum,) Alum,
HypeystiU phas alu'miucB et Patau' hcb, Potas'sw
alu'miiio-sulphaR, Sul'jjiiaa Alumiucp, Acid'ulns
cum Patau' ad, Sulphas Alu'miiicE, Sul'phas KaV-
ico-alumin'icum. Sulphas uluinina'ris, Supersid'-
phas alu'mince et potas'so!, Arf/il'la sulphn'rica
alcalisa'ta, A. vitriola'ta, Sti/pte'r>a, Sulpersul'-
phas Argil'lcB alcalisa'tum, Argilla Kalisxdphu-
rica. (F.) Aluii.
Alumej^ Catinum, Potash of commerce — a.
Fixum, see Potash — a. Kinosatum, Pulvis sul-
phatis aluminte compositus.
Alu'men Commu'ne, Common alum, English
alum, Rock alum, Alumen facti"tittm, A. crystaV-
linum, A. ru'pcum, (F.) Alun d' An<jleterre, is the
rariety usually employed. It is in octahedral
crystals, but generally in large, white, somitrans-
parent masses ; has a sweetish, styptic taste :
effloresces in tho air, and is soluble in 16 parts of
water at 60°. It is tonic and astringent, and as
such is used internally and externally. Dose, gr.
V to XV.
Alu'men Exsicca'tum, Alu'men ustum seu
eicca'tum seu calcina'fiim. Sulphas alu'ynince/usus,
Arqil'la sulphn'rica usia. Burnt alum, dried alum.
(F.) Alun calcine, (Alum melted in an earthen
vessel until ebullition ceases.) Eseharotic.
Alu'men Roma'num, Roman alum, A. Ru'ti-
lum seu Rubrum. (F.) Alun de Rome. In crys-
tals which are of a pale red when broken, and
covered with a reddish efflorescence.
Alfmen Siccatum, Alumen exsiecatura.
ALUMIXA, ACETATE OF, Aluminas Acetas
— a. Depurata, Argilla pura — a. Pura, Ar"illa
pura — a. Sulphate of, Aluminae Sulphas.
A\j\i''^\.mMACE"Y:AQ,Argil'l(BAce'tas,Ac"e.
fate of Aln'mina. A delinquescent salt, obtained
by the addition of acetate of lead to sulphate of
alumina and potassa. It possesses the same pro-
perties as the sulphate of alumina.
Alu'min-e et Potass^ Hvpersdlphas, Alu-
men— a. et Potassse supersulphas, Alumen — a.
Sulphas, Alumen.
Alu'mince Sulphas, ArgillcB Sulphas, Sulphate
of Aln'mina. Simple sulphate of alumina mav
be made by the direct combination of alumina
and sulphuric acid, and contains 30 per cent of
the former, to 70 per cent, of the latter. It is
a deliquescent salt; and is an excellent antisep-
tic and detergent to ulcers. It is chiefly used to
preserve dead bodies — a strong solution being
injected into the arteries.
GannaVs Solution for preserving animal sub-
stances is made by dissolving an ounce of acetate
of alumina in twenty ounces oi water.
Alumina Sulphas Acidulus cum Potassa,
Alumen — a. Sulphas fusus, Alumen exsiccatum.
ALUMINE FACTICE, Argilla pura.
ALUMINII OXIDUM, Argilla pura.
ALUN, Alumen.
ALUNSEL, Gutta.
ALUS, Symphytum.
ALUSIA, Hallucination — a. Hypochondriasis,
Hypochondriasis.
ALUTE^i, Aludel.
ALVAQUILLA, Psoralea glandulosa.
ALVARAS NIGRA, Ichthyosis.
ALVEARIUM, Auditory canal, external.
ALVE'OLAR, Alveola'ris, from alveus, 'a ca-
vity.' (F.) Alviolaire. That which relates to
the alveoli.
Alveolar Abscess, Parulis.
Alve'olar Arches, (F.) Arcades alrSolaires,
are formed by the margins or borders, Jn//a alveo-
la'ria, of the two jaws, which are hollowed by the
Alveoli.
Alve'olar Artery, Supra-maxillary A., Ar-
tere sus-maxillaire of Chaussier. arises from the
internal maxillary, descends beliind the tuberos-
ity of the upper jaw, and gives branches to the
upper molar teeth, gums, periosteum, membrane
of the maxillary sinus, and buccinator muscle.
Alveolar Border, Limbus alveola'ris. The
part of the jaws that is hollowed by the alveoli.
Alve'olar Membranes are very fine mem-
branes, situate between the teeth and alveoli, and
formed by a portion of the sac or follicle which
enclosed the tooth before it pierced the gum. By
some this membrane has been called the alveolo-
dental periosteum.
Alve'olar Vein. This has a similar distri-
bution with the artery.
JiF^Oi^', Alveolus.
ALVEOLI DENTIS, see Alveolus.
ALVEOLO- DENTAL PERIOSTEUM, see
Alveolar membranes.
ALVEOLO-LABIAL, Buccinator.
ALVE'OLUS, same etymon. Bo'trion, Bo'-
thrion, Odontoboth'rinm, Odoutnphiit'ne. Frenn
{Alve'oli), Mortariolum, Ilol'micos, PrcBxepiolum,
Phatne, Phat'nion, Prmsc'pium, Patne, Pathne.
(F.) Alveole. The alveoli are the sockets of the
teeth, Alve'oli dentis, Ma'nia seu Caver'nae den'-
tium, into which they are, as it were, driven.
"Their size and shape are determined liy the teeth
which they receive, and they are pierced at the
apex by small holes, which give passage to the
dental vessels and nerves.
ALVEUS, Auge — a. Ampullosus, Eeceptacu-
lum chyli — a. AmpuUescens, Thoracic dttct — a.
ALVI EXCRETIO
50
AMBLYOPIA
Communis: see Semicircular canals — a. Utricu-
losus : see Somieircuhir canals.
ALVI EXCRETIO, Defecation — a. Fluxus
aquosu.s, Diarrhoea — a. Laxitas, Diarrhcea — a.
Profluvium, Diarrhoea.
ALVIDUCUS. Laxative.
ALVINE, Ah'i'nus, from alvus, 'the abdomen.'
That which relates to the lower belly, as nlcine
dcjectlonn, nlrlne ftnx, alcine obstructionn, <fcc.
ALVUM EVACUANS, Cathartic.
ALVUS, Abdomen, Uterus — a. Adstricta seu
Astricta, Constipation — a. Cita, Diarrhoea — a.
Dura, Constipatio — a. Renum, Pelvis of the
kidney — ^a. Tarda, Constipation — a. Viridis, De-
jection.
ALYCE, Anxiety.
A LYMPH 'I A, from a, priv., and hjmpha,
'lymph.' Want of lymph.
AL'YPON, from a, priv., and \vrtti, 'pain.' An
acrid, purging plant, described by Matthiolus.
By some it has been supposed to be the Globula'-
ria iili/piiiii of botanists.
ALYSIS, Anxiety.
ALYSMUS, Anxiety.
ALYSSUM PLINII, Galium mollugo.
ALYSSUS, Antihydrophobic.
ALYX'IA STELLA'TA, A. aromat'ica, (F.)
Ahjxie aronuitiqiie. A plant, of the family
Apocynaceae, the bark of which resembles canella
alba, and is used in Batavia in pernicious fevers.
AL'ZILAT. In some of the Arabian writers,
a weight of three grains. — Ruland and Johnson.
AMABILE, Lacuna Labii Superioris.
AMADOU, Boletus igniarius.
AMADOUVIER, Boletus igniarius.
AMA/G/i/R, Emaciate.
A JIA I a R [SSEMEN T, E ra a elation .
AMAND (SAINT), MINERAL WATERS
OF, Saint- Amand-les-Eaux. These springs, in
the department Nord, France, are thermal (77°
Fahr.), carbonated chalybeates ; and are much
used internally, or in the form of bones, in
chronic aifections of the digestive organs and
liver, and in rheumatism.
AJf ANDES', see Amygdala.
AMANI'TiE, from a, privative, and fiavia,
'maduess:' i.e. 'not poisonous.' (?) A name
given, by the Greeks and Romans, to the edible
cliaiiipiyiiuns. ^»(«H?7a forms, at the present day,
a genus, some of which are edible, others poison-
ous. Amongst others, it contains the Agaricus
auratitiacua and A. psetido-dii rant iacus.
AMARA DULCIS, Solanura dulcamara.
AMARACI'NUM. An ancient and esteemed
plaster, containing several aromatics, the marjo-
ram, a^dpuKo;, in |)articular.
AMARACUS, Origanum majorana — a. Tomen-
tosus. Origanum dictamnus.
AMARITIES, Bitterness.
AMARITUDO, Bitterness.
AMAROR, Bitterness.
AMARUCACHU, Polyanthes tuberoaa.
AMA'RUS, FicroK, 'bitter.' (F.) Anier. The
bitter principle of vegetal)les is the great natural
tonic, and hence hitters, as they are termed col-
tectively, belong to the class of tonics. Several
are used in medicine ; the chief are, gentian,
quassia, cinchona, calumba, dog-wood, &c.
AMASE'SIS, AiiinKKe'sin, from a, privative, and
fiaanaii, 'mastication.' Mastication when im-
pedeil or impracticable.
AMATORIUM, Lacuna labii superioris.
AMATORIL Oblique muscles of the eye.
AMATORIUM VENEFICIUM, Philter.
AMATORIUS MUSCULUS, Obliquus supe-
rior oculi.
AMAURO'SIS, Ohfnscn'tio, Offnsca'tio, from
atiiivpoi, 'obscure,' Drop Herene, Giitta gere'nn,
Cutarac'ta ni'jra, Parojj'sis amauro'nis, Inunobil'-
itas pupil'IcB, Suffu'sio nUjra, Black CMt aract,
NervouH bUndnexH, (F.) Gontte-aereuie, Cataraete
noire, Anopticonervie (Piorry). Diminution, or
complete loss of sight, without any perceptible
alteration in the organization of the eye ; gene-
rally, perhaps, owing to loss of po>ycr of tho
optic nerve or retina — Optic ananthe'ma. Coun-
ter-irritants are the most successful remedial
agents, although the disease is always very diffi-
cult of removal, and generally totally incurable.
Amaurosis Dimidiata, Hemiopia — a. Diurnal,
Nyctalopia — a. Nocturnal, Hemeralopia — a. lui-
perfecta, Hypo-amaurosis.
AMAUROT'IC, Amaurot'iciia, (F.) Amaiiro-
tique ; same etymon. Afifected with amaurosis.
Amaurotic Cat's Eye, Galeamauro'ni),: A
name given by Beer to an amaurotic affection,
accompanied by a remarkable change of colour
in the pupil, which presents, apparently in the
fundus of the eye, a lighter tint, yellowish or
brownish yellow, instead of its natural clear
black.
AMA'ZIA, from a, privative, and /la^oj, 'breast.'
A monstrosity, in which there is absence of ouo
or both breasts.
AMBARUM, Ambergris — a. Cineritium, Am-
bergris.
AMBE, from aiifSatvu), 'I ascend;' Amhi. A
superficial eminence on a bone. Also, an old
surgical machine for reducing dislocations of the
shoulder ; the invention of which is ascribed to
Hippocrates. It is no longer used. — Hippo-
crates, Scultetus. See Crista.
AMBER, Succinum — a. Liquid : see Liquid-
amber styracitlua.
AM'BERGRIS, 'gray amber,' Ambor, Amlar,
Amhra gri'aea seu cinera'cea seu anibrosiaco,
Ambarum, Snc'cinum cine'reum seu yri'seum,
Am'barum cineri"tium. A concrete substance,
of the consistence of wax, cineritious colour,
studded with yellow and blackish spots, and ex-
haling a very pleasant odour. It seems highly
probable that ambergris is formed in the intes-
tines of the whale, and voided with its excre-
ment. Like all aromatic substances, ambergris
is slightly anti-spasmodic and excitant; but it is
oftener employed as a perfume than as a medi-
cine.
AMBIA. A liquid, yellow bitumen, the smell
and virtues of which are similar to those of the
resin tacamahaca. It is obtained from a spring
in India.
AMBICUS, Alembic.
AMBIDEX'TER, Amphidex'ins, from amhn,
'both,' and dexter, 'right.' One who uses both
hands with equal facility. Celsus says the sur-
geon ought to be ' non minims sinistra, qnam dex-
trd promptus.' One of the aphorisms of Hippo-
crates says, that a woman is never ambidexter.
This is a mistake.
AMBIL^EVUS, Ampharisteros.
AMBIOPIA. Diplopia.
AMBITUS GENITALIS MULIEBRIS, Ves-
tibulum.
AMBLOMA, Abortion.
AMBLOSIS, Abortion.
AMBLOSMUS. Abortion.
AMBLOTHRIDION, see Abortion.
AMBLOTHRIDIUM, Abortive.
AMBLOTICUS, Abortive.
AMBLUS, a/i/SXyf, 'obscure.' Hence,
AMBLYAPlI'lA.from a^/JAuj, 'obscure,' and
'a(l>r,. 'feeling.' Dulness of the sense of touch.
AMBLYOGMOS, Amblyopia.
AMBLYO'PIA, from au(iXvi, 'obscure,' and
o>ip, 'the eye.' Ambhjos'mos, Amblyoq'mos, Amph-
o'pia (so called by some, according to Castplli,
oh i'jnoruntium Graem limjua), Hehetu'do vis&H,
AMBLYOSMOS
51
AMMI
Feebleness of sif/ht, (F.) Amlhjopte, Vue faihle.
First degree of Amaurosis. — Hippocrates.
Amblyopia Ckkpusculaiiis, Ilemeralopia — a.
Dissitoruin, My()|)ia — a. Meridiana, Nyctalopia —
a. Proxiinoruin, Presbytia.
AMBLYOSMOS, Amblyopia.
AMBOLICUS, Abortive.
AMBON, a/tlSiav, 'the raised rim of a shield or
dish,' from a/i/J'Hi/u, 'I ascend.' The fibro-carti-
laginous rings or boitrrelets, which surround the
articular cavities, as the glenoid cavity of the
scapula, the acetabulum, Ac, have been so called
— Galen. See Crista.
AMBOR, Ambergris.
AMBRA, Succinum — a. Ambrosiaca, Amber-
gris— a. Cineracea, Ambergris.
AMBRAGRISEA, Ambergris.
AM HUE lilAXO, Succinum (album) — a.
Jamie, Succinum.
AMBRETTE, Hibiscus abelmoschus.
AMBRINA AMBROSIOIDES, Chcnopodium
ambrosioides — a. Anthelmiiitica, Chcnopodium
anthelminticum — a. Botrvs, Chenopodium botrys.
AMBHOISIE DU MEX[QUE, Chenopodium
ambrosioides.
AMBRO'SIA, from a, privative, and 0poToi,
'mortal.' Food which makes immortal, or the
food of immortals. Food of the gods — Homer.
See also, Chenopodium botrys.
Ambkosia Elatior, see A. Trifida.
Ambuosia Marit'ima, Ord. Compositse. A
plant which grows on the shores of the Levant,
and has a pleasant, bitter and aromatic taste. It
is given in infusion, as a tonic and antispasmodic.
Ambuosia Tkif'ida, Horseweed, Richweed,
Ilorseiniiit, Homecane, Bitterweed, Great or Tall
liacjiveed, Wild Hemp. This indigenous plant is
found in low grounds and along streams, from
Canada to Georgia, and west to Louisiana and
Arkansas. It is an annual, and flowers in Au-
gust and September. An infusion has been re-
commended locally in mercurial salivation.
Atiil/rosia Elatior, Ragweed, is said by Dr. 11.
E. Griffith to have much more developed sensible
properties.
AMHROSIE DU MEXIQUE, Chenopodium
ambrosioides.
A^fBULANCE [Y.), from amhulare, 'to walk.'
A military hospital attached to an army, and
moving along with it. Also called Uopital am-
bulant.
AMBULATIO, Walking.
AM'BULATORY, Am'btdans, Ambidati'vun,
Ain'biilative, (F.) Amhidaut. A morbid affection
is said to be 'ambulatory,' (F.) ambulant, when
it skii>s from one part to another; as Erisypelcs
iimbiilanti, &c. When blisters are applied suc-
cessively on different parts of the body, they are
called Veiicataire'i ambulants.
AMBULEIA, Cichorium intybus.
AM'BULI. The Brachmanic name for an In-
dian aquatic herb, which appears to belong to
the family LijulmachicB. The whole plant has a
sweet smell. Its decoction has a very bitter
taste, and is an excellent febrifuge. It is also
taken in milk in cases of vertigo.
AM'BIJLO FLATULEN'TUS ET FURIO'-
SUS, Flatus furio'nus, Vnre'ui.*' Painful, mo-
bile, and periodical tumours affecting different
j)arts. which were once considered as the effect
of very subtile vapours — Michaelis. Their na-
ture is bv no means clear.
AMBUSTIO, Burn.
AMBUTUA. Pnreira brava.
A M BUYA-EMBO. A very beautiful, creeping
nrislolochia of Brazil, the decoction of which is
exhiliited successfully in obstructions. It is also
usi'l in fumigation and iu baths as a tonic.
AME, .\niuia.
AMELI. A Malabar shrub, belonging to a
genus unknown. The decoction of its leaves is
said to relieve colic. Its roots, boiled in oil, are
used to repel tumours.
AMELIA, Apathy.
AMENIA, Atuenorrhoea, Emmenagogues.
AMENOMA'NIA. A hybrid word, formed
from the Latin amwniis, 'agreeable,' and ixavia,
'mania.' A gay form of insanity.
AMENORRHCE'A, Parame'nia obstructio'nis,
Menocryph' ia, Menosta'ain, Apophrax'iSjArrhce' a,
Defec'tus seu Reinan'sio seu Cessa'tio meu'siam,
Menstrua'tio impedi'ta, Ischome'nia, Ame'nia,
AmetrohcB'mia, from a, privative, ftnv, 'a mouth,'
and p&u), 'I flow.' Suppression of the menses, (F.)
Suppression dn jlux menstruel. This suppression
is most commonly symptomatic, and hence the
chief attention must be jjaid to the cause. Usu-
ally, there is an atonic state of the sj'stem gene-
rally, and hence chalybeates and other tonics are
advisable.
Two great varieties of Amenorrhoea are com-
monly reckoned. 1. A. Emansio'nis, Einan'sio
men' slum, Menis'chesis, Menus' diesis, Menstrua' tio
reten'ta, Men'sium reten'tio, Retention of the men-
ses, when the menses do not appear at the usual
age : and, 2. Suppres'sio Men'sium seu Menstru-
atio'nis, Amenorrhee.'a Siippressio'iiis, Jnterrup'lia
menstruatio' Ills, Menstrna'tio suppres'sa, in which
the catamenia are obstructed in their regular
periods of recurrence. See Emansio Mensium,
and Menses.
Amenorrhcea Difficilis, Dysmenorrhoea — a.
Eraansionis, see Amenorrhoea — a. Jlymenica, seo
Hymenicus — a. Partialis, Dysmenorrha'a — a.
Suppressionis, see Amenorrhoea.
AMENTIA, Dementia : see, also, Fatuita.s, and
Idiotism- — a. Senilis, Dementia of the aged.
AMER, Amarus — a. de Bcenf, Bile of tho
ox.
AMERICAN, see Homo.
AMERICANUM TUBEROSUM, Solanum tu-
berosum.
AMERTUME, Bitterness.
AM'ETHYST, Amethijs'tns, from a, privative,
and liidvot, 'I am drunk.' A precious stone, to
which the ancients attributed the property of
preventing drunkenness. It was also used as an
anti-diarrhoeic and absorbent. — Pliny, Albertus
Masnus.
AMETH'YSUM, Amethys'tum, (remediiim.)
Same etymon as the last. A remedy for drunk-
enness.
AMETRIA, Intemperance, from a, privative,
and fxcTpov, 'measure.' Also, absence of the
uterus ; from a, privative, and iirtrpa, 'the uterus.'
AMETROH/EMIA, Amenorrhoea.
AMIAN'THUM MUSC^TOX'ICUM, {apiiav-
Toi, 'pure,' and av&ot, 'a flower,') Melan'thium,
musccBtox'icum, Helo'nias erythrosperm'a. Fly-
poison, Fall-poison, indigenous. Ord. Melan-
thacene. A narcotic poison, not used, however.
AMICULUM, Amnios.
AMIDOLIQUE, from amidum, 'starch.' Ap-
pertaining or belonging to starch. M. Beral
calls medicaments ainldoliqnes those, which owe
their general properties to starch.
AM [DON, Amylum — a. lodnre d', Starch,
Iodide, of.
AMfDOXXfERE. Ammi maculatum.
A.MIUUM, Amylum.
AMIN^EA, Anime.
AMIN.E'UM VINUM, Amine'an 7rine, highly
esteemed as a stomachic. Vir-iil distinguishes it
from the Falernian. — Pliny, Macrobius, &c.
AM MA, Truss.
AMMI. Ainmi mnjns seu cientafo'linm seu
vul'ja're seu Bulber', Am'mios muriea'ta, A'2}iuin
AMMION
52
AMMONIiE ACETAS
nmmi, Tiishop's weed. The seeds of this plant
are nroinatic and pungent. They are said to be
carminiitive and diuretic, and are tonic and sto-
machic.
Ammi Bot.beri, Ammi — a. des Boutiques, see
iSison ammi — a. Cicuta?folium, Ammi — a. Majus,
Ammi— a. Verum, see Sison ammi — a. Vulgare,
Ammi.
AMMION', Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum.
AMMIOS MURICATA, Ammi.
AMMISMUS, Psammismus.
AMMOCIIO'SIA, Ammocho'sis, from afiixo?,
'sand,' and x^'^t 'I pour.' Arena'tiu. Putting
the human body in hot sand, for the cure of
disan.-e.
AAIMO'NIA, Ammo'nia or Ammoni'acal gas,
Volatile nl'kidi, Al'cnli ammoni' ncurn caus'ticum,
A. vokit'ile caus'ticum, Ammo'nia caua'tica seu
pura, Ammoiii'acum, A. caus'ticum, Gas ammo-
niaca'le, Mephi'tis urino'sa, (P.) Ammoniaque,
Air alcalin, Gaz ammoniacal. An alcali, so called,
because obtained principally by decomposing sal
ammoniac (muriate of ammonia) by lime. This
gas is colourless, transparent, elastic, of a pun-
gent, characteristic odour, and an acrid, urinous
taste. It turns the syrup of A'iolets green, and
its specific gravity is 0'596. When inhaled,
largely diluted with common air, it is a powerful
irritant. When unmixed, it instantly induces
suiTocalion.
Ammonia, Acetate of. Solution of. Liquor
ammoniae acetatis — a. Arseniate of, Arseniate of
ammonia— a. Benzoate of, AmmoniiB benzoas —
u. Bicarbonate of, see AmmoniiB earbonas — a.
Caustica liquida. Liquor ammoniae — a. Chloro-
hydrate of, Ammoniae murias — a. Citrate of, Am-
moniae citras — a. Hydriodate of, Ammonium, io-
dide of— a. Hydrochlorate of, Atnmoniie murias
— a. Ilydrosujphuretof, Ammoniae sulphuretum —
a. Iodide of, see Iodine — a. Liniment of, strong,
Linimentum ammonia} fortius— -a. Liquid, Liquor
AmmoniiB — a. Muriatica, AmmoniiB murias — a.
Nitrata, Ammoniae nitras — a. Phosphate of, Am-
moniic phosphas — a. Praeparata, Ammoniae ear-
bonas— a. Pura liquida. Liquor ammonias — a.
Solution of. Liquor ammoniae — a. Solution of,
stronger. Liquor ammoniae fortior — a. Tartrate
of. Ammonias tartras.
AMMO'NIAC, GUM, Ammoni' acum (Ph. U.
S.), Gum'mi Ammoni' acum, Armoni' acum, Mato'-
rium, (F.) Ammoniac, Gonime ammoniaque, so
called from Ammonia in Lybia, whence it is
brought. A gum-resin, the concrete juice of
JJore'ma ammoni'acuin, of Persia : a species of a
genus allied to Ferula; and also the gum-resin
oi Fer'ula tingita'na. The latter is the ammo-
niacum of commerce. It is in irregular, dry
masses and tears, yellow externally, whitish
■within. Its odour is peculiar, and not ungrate-
ful : taste nauseous, sweet, and bitter. It forms a
■white emulsion with water: is soluble in vinegar;
partially so in alcohol, ether, and solutions of the
alcalies.
Gum ammoniacum is expectorant, deobstru-
ent(?), antispasmodic, discutient, and resolvent.
It is chiefly used, however, in the first capacity,
and in the formation of certain plasters.
Two varieties are met with in the market,
GuttcB ammoni'aci, the best; and Lapis atnmoni'-
uci, the more impure.
AMMONIAC^ NITRAS, AmmoniiB nitras—
a. Sulphas, Ammoniae sulphas.
AMMONIACUM, Ammonia, Ammoniac gum
—a. Hj'drochloratum ferratum, Ferrum ammoni-
atum — a. Succinatum, Spiritus ammoniae foetidus
— a. Volatile mite. Ammonite earbonas.
AMMONITE ACETAS, Liquor ammonia ace-
tatis— a. Arsenias, Arseniate of Ammonia.
Ammoni/E Ben'zoa.S, Ben'zonte of Ammonia.
A salt formed by the union of benzoic acid and
ammonia, which has been prescribed for the re-
moval of gouty depositions of urate of soda lu
the joints. It is regarded as a good diuretic.
Ammonite Bicau'eonas, Bicarh'onate of Am-
mo'nia, is officinal in the Dublin Pharmacopccia.
It has the same properties as the next, and is
more palatable. Dose, six to twenty-four grains.
Ammonia; Cak'bonas, A. Suhcar'honas seu &s.
quicar'honas, Salt of bones, Sal Oe'sium, Sal Fii.
liy"inis, Salt of wood-soot, Salt of urine. Volatile
Sal Ammoniac, Baker's salt, Al'cali volal'ile
aera'tum, A. volal'ile ammouiaca'le, A. volal'ile
ex sale ammoni'aco, Ammoni'acum volat'ile mite,
Ammo'nium carbon' icum seu subcarbo'neum, Uar-
bonas ammo' nice alkali' nus seu incomple'tiis seu
siiperammoni'acuSjHypocar'bonasttmmu'nia, Flo-
res salis ammoni'aci, Sal cornu cervi volat'ile, Sal
volnt'ilis salis ammoni'aci. Concrete or mild volatile
alkali, Carbonate or Siibcarbonate of ammoniii,
Ammo'nia prmpara'ta, Sal volat'ile. Smelling sail,
(F.) Carbonate d' ammoniaque, Sel volatil d' An-
gleterre, {Ammon. muriaf. tbj ; Creta; tbiss. Sub-
lime— Ph. U. S.) A white, striated, crystalline
mass; odour and taste pungent and ammoniucal:
soluble in two parts of water : insoluble in alco-
hol : effloresces in the air. It is stimulant, ant-
acid, diaphoretic, and antispasmodic. Dose, gr.
V to XV.
Carbonate of ammonia is at times used to form
effervescing draughts. One scruple saturates si.K
fluidrachms of lemon juice, twenty-six grains of
crystallized tartaric acid, and twenty-sis grains
of crystallized citric acid.
Carbonate of ammonia is the usual smelling
salts. When a few drops of Liquor Amraoniie
fortior are added to it coarsely powdered, and
some volatile oil, it forms Preston Salts.
Ammonite Citras, Citrate of Ammo'nia. Made
by saturating lemon or lime juice, or a solution
of citric acid, with carbonate of ammonia. Dose,
f^ss. It may be made extemporaneously, and
taken in an effervescing state. Seventeen grains
of citric acid, or half a fluidounce of lemon juice,
will be sufficient for thirteen grains of ciubonato
of ammonia.
Ammonite Cupro-sulphas, Cuprum ammonia-
turn.
AmmonIvE et Ferri Mdrias, Ferrum amrao-
niatum — a. Ferro-eitras, Ferri ammonio-citriis —
a. Hydriodas, Ammonium, iodide of — a. Hydro-
chloras. Ammonias murias — a. Hydrosulphurc-
tum, Liquor fumans Boylii — a. llypocarbonas,
AmmoniiB Carbonas.
Ammonia Mu'rias (Ph. U. S.), Ilu'riate oi
Clilorohydrate if Ammo'nia, Hydrochlo'rate <ij
Ammo'nia, Clilorohydrate of Ammo'nia (Ph. U.
S.), Sal Ammoni'acum, Sal Ammo'niac, S(d
Ammoni'aeus, Ammo'nia Muriat'ica, Ammo'nium
iluria'tum, Ainmo'nioB Hydrochlo'ras, Chlontrc'-
tum Ammo'nicum, Sal Armeni'acum, Salmiac,
Fuli'go Al'ba Philosojiho' rum, Ilisadir, (F.)
Muriate d' Ammoniaque, Sel Ammoniac ou Arme-
niac. A saline concrete, formed by the combi-
nation of muriatic acid with ammonia. In Egypt
it is manufactured in large quantities by sublim-
ing the soot formed by burning camel's dung— 26
pounds of the soot yielding 6 pounds. It is also
prepared, in great quiintities, by adding sulphuric
acid to the volatile alkali obtained from soot,
bones, &c., mixing this with common salt, and
subliming.
Muriate of ammonia is inodorous, but has an
acrid, pungent, bitterish, and urinous taste.
Three parts of cold water dissolve one. Solu-
ble also in 4-5 parts of alcohol. It is aperient
and diuretic, but seldom used internally. Ei-
AMMONIAQUE
53
AMOMUM
ternally, it is employed, producing cold during
its solution, in inflummations, Ac.
Ammo'ni^ NiTitAS, Nitrate of Ammonia, AV-
Irnli voldt' lie nitra' turn, Sal ammoni'aciis nitro'sua,
Ammo' Ilia nitra' ta, Nitran ammoni'accB, Nitrum
JlammniiH, (F.) Nitrate d' Ammoniaqne. A salt
composed of nitric acid and ammonia. It is diu-
retic and deobstruent. (?) Externally, it is dis-
cutient and sialogogue.
AsiAfo'Ni/K PllosPHAS, Ammo'nium phosphor'i-
CHiii, Pfionpfiate of Ammo'nia, (F.) Phos})hate
d'Ainmoniii'iiie. This salt has been recommended
as an excitant, diaphoretic, and discutient. More
recently, it has been proposed as a new remedy
for gout and rheumatism, as a solvent of uric acid
calculus, and for diseases, acute and chronic, con-
nected directly with the lithicacid diathesis.
Ammonite Sesquicakuonas, A. carbonas.
Ammo'nia Sulphas, Sulphate of Ammo'nia,
Suljikan ammoni'acoB, Ammo'nium sidphit'ricum,
Al'kali vo/at'ile vitriola'tum, Sal Ammoni'acum
secre'tum Glacberi, Sal secre'tus Glauberi, Vi-
trialnm ummouinca'le, (F.) Sulphate d' Ammoni-
aqne. Formed by adding sulphuric acid either to
sal ammoniac or toamraoniacal liquor. Its proper-
ties are like thoscof the muriate of ammonia.
Ammo'ni.c Sijlphure'tum, Sul'phuret of Am-
mo'nia, JI;/droKiU'phuret of Ammo'nia, Ammo'-
nium Sulfhydra'tum, HydroHuVjihaa AmmonicB,
Spir'itus Begoi'ni, Sp. fimans Begui'ni, Sul-
phiire'tum ammoni'acm, Sp. salis ammoni'aci sul-
jihnra'tus, Liquor ammo'nii hijdrothi'odis, Hydro-
sulphure'tum Ammo'nicinn, Hydvoaidph. amjnonia-
ca'le aquo'snm, Hydroff'eno-sulphure'tum ammo-
iii'aca; liq'uidnm, Spir'itus sul'phuris volat'ilis,
Ucpnr nulphurin volat'ile, Boyle's or Beguine's
fuming npirit, (F.) Hydrorndphate aulfure d'Am-
iiioniaque, Liqueur fumante de BoYLE, Sulfiire
hydrogens d' Ammoniaqne, Hydrosulfiire d'Am-
■luoniaque. Odour very fetid; taste nauseous and
styptic; colour dark yellowish green. It is re-
puted to be sedative, nauseating, emetic, disoxy-
genizing (?) and has been given in diabetes and
diseases of increased excitement. Dose, gtt. vij
to gtt. XX.
Ammo'm^h Tartras, Al'kali volat'ile tartari-
za'tum, Sal Ammoni'acum tarta'renm, Tar'tarua
ammo'nia, Tartrate of Ammo'nia, (F.) Tartrate
d' Ammoniaqne. A salt composed of tartaric acid
and ammonia. It is diaphoretic and diuretic;
but not much used.
AM MON fAQUE, Ammonia — a. Araeniate d',
Arseniate of ammonia — a. llydroaulfure d', Am-
nioniiB sulphuretuin — a. Hydroaulfate aulfure d',
Ammoniaj sulphurotum — a. Liquide, Liquor am-
moniai — a. Phosphate d', Ammonias phosphas —
(J. Sulfnre hi/dro,/fiiie d', Amtnoniffi sulphuretum.
AMMONII lODIDUM, Ammonium, iodide of
— a. loiluretum. Ammonium, iodide of.
A.MMONIO-CUPRICUS SUBSULPHAS, Cu-
prum ammoniatum.
AM.VIO'NION, from a/iiios, 'sand.' An ancient
collyriuin of great virtue in many diseases of the
eye, and which was said to remove sand from
that organ.
AMMONIU.M ARSENICICUM, Arseniate of
ammonia — a. Carbonicum, Ammoniae carbonas —
a. Ilydroiodicum, Ammonium, iodide of — a. lo-
datum, Ammonium, iodide of.
Am.mo'.vii'm, Iodide op, lod'idum seu lodure'-
tinn ammoiiii, Ammonium loda'tum seu Hydro-
iod'icum, Hydri'odaa ammo'nicB, Hydri'odate of
ammo'nia. This salt is formed by saturating
liquid hydriodic acid with eauatic ammonia, and
evaporating the solution. It is applied in the
form of ointment (3J ad adipia ^j) in lepra,
psoriasis, Ac.
Ammonium Muriaticum Martiatum seu Mar-
TiALE Ferrum ammoniatum — a. Muriatum, Am-
moniae murias — a. Phosphoricum, Ammoniaa
phosphas — a. Subcarboneum, Ammoniae carbonas
— a. Sulf hydratum. Ammonias sulphuretum — a.
Sulphuricuin, Ammonite sulphas.
AMNA ALCALIZATA, Water, mineral, sa-
line.
AMNEMOSYNE, Amnesia.
AMNE'SIA, Amneat'ia, Amnemoa'yne, from a,
privative, and iivnan, ' memory.' Mo'ria imbec"-
ilia amne'aia, Obliv'io, llecollectio' nia jnctu'ra,
DyacBathe'aia inter'na, Debil'itas memo'ria:, Me-
mo'ria dele'ta, (F.) Perte de Memoire, ' loss of
memory.' By some nosologists, amnesia con-
stitutes a genus of diseases. By most, it is con-
sidered only as a symptom, which may occur in
many diseases.
AMNESTIA, Amnesia.
AMNIO, Amniotic.
AMNIO AOID, Amniotic acid.
AMNIITIS, Amnitis.
AMNIOOLEP'SIS, from amnios, and (cAsirra,
'I steal or take away clandestinely.' Premature
escape of the liquor amnii.
AMNIORRHCE'A, from amnioa, and ptu, 'I
flow.' A premature discharge of the liquor amnii.
AM'NION, Am'nioa, Amniiim, Jlym'nium,
Charta virgin'ea, Armatu' ra, Agni'na inembra'na,
Pellu'cida memhra'na, Galea, Scepar'uum, fndii'-
eium, Amic'ulum, ifenibra'na fa;tum invol'vena.
The innermost of the enveloping membranes of
the foetus: — so called because first observed in
the sheep (?), {afivoi, ' a sheep.') It is thin, trans-
parent, perspirable, and possesses many delicate
colourless vessels, which have not been injected.
It is generally considered to be produced by a
fold of the external layer of the germinal mem-
brane, rising up, and gradually enveloping the
embryo. Its external surface is feebly united to
the chorion by areolar and vascular filaments.
Its inner surface is polished, and is in contact
with the body of the fwtus and the liquor amnii.
AMNIOT'IO, Amniot'icua, Amiiic, Am'nicna,
(F.) Amniotique ou Amnique. Relating, or ap-
pertaining, to the amnios.
AMNIOT'IO AOID, Ac"idum am'nicum seu
amniot'icum. A peculiar acid, found by Vauque-
lin and Buniva in the liquor amnii of the cow.
AjVNIQUE, Amniotic.
AMNI'TIS, Amnii'tie, from amnion and itia,
'inflammation.' Inflammation of the amnion.
AMQllNOMA'NIA, from amoenna, 'agreeable,'
and mania. A form of mania in which the hal-
lucinations are of an agreeable character.
AMOME FAUX, Sison amomum.
AMO'MUM OARDAMO'MUM (Ph. D.), A.
verum, Alpin'ia cardamo'mnm, Caro'pi, Mato'nia
Cardamo' mum, Eletta'ria Cardamo'mum, Carda-
mo'mnm Minna, Leaaer, True, or Officinal Car'da-
mom, (F.) Cardamome de la Cote de Malabar,
Cardamome. Ord. Zingiberaceaj. The fruit of
this East India plant — Cardamomnm, (Ph. U. S.),
C. Malabaren'ae — has an agreeable, aromatic
odour, and a pungent, grateful taste. It is car-
minative and stomachic: but is chiefly used to
give warmth to other remedies. It is called Amo-
mia. Dose, gr. v to ^j-
The Amo'mum Cardamo'mnm of Linnaeus, Clus-
ter or Round Cardamom of Sumatra, Java, and
other islands eastward of the Bay of Bengal,
yields the round Cardamom, Cardamo'mnm ro-
tun'dum, of the shops. The fruits, in their native
clusters or spikes, constituting the Amo'mum ra-
cetno'aum, are rarely met with.
Amomum Ourcuma, Ourcuma longa.
Amomum Galanga, Maranta galanga.
Amomum Guakum Paradisi, A. max'imum,
Cardamo'mum majua seu pipera'tnm, Melegnet'ta,
Jfanigiiet'ta. Greater cardamom seeds — Grana
Paradi'ai, Grains of Paradise, (F.) Graines d6
AMOR
54
AMULETUM
Parndis—rcsemh\e A. cardnmomum in properties.
They are extremely hot, and not much used.
Amomtm. Gukat-winged, Amomum maximum
— a. Ilirsutuni, Costus.
Amomum Max'imum, Great-winged Amomnm,
Yields the fruit known in commerce by the names
Jam or Xepnl C'(rd.n,wm9, lieiig'd Cardamoms
of the Calcutta market, ic— Pereira.
Amomum Montanum, see Cassumuniar — a- Pi-
menta, see Myrtus piraenta — a. Raeemosum, see
A. cardamomum— a. Sylvestre, see Cassumuni.nr
— a. Zedoaria, Kiempferia rotunda — a. Zerumbet,
see Cassumuniar.
Amomum Zin'giber, Zin'gHer nffieina'le seu
album seu nir/rvm seu commu'ne, Ziii'ziber, Gin-
ger, (F.) Ginijemhre. The block and white ginger,
Zin'ziber fnscnm et nlbnm, Zin'giber (Ph. U. S.),
are the rhizoma of the same plant, Zin'giber offi-
cinu'le, the difference depending upon the mode
of preparing them.
The odour of K'ng*^"" i** aromatic ; taste w.arra,
aromatic, and acrid. It yields its virtues to alco-
hol, and in a great degree to water. It is car-
minative, stimulant, and sialogogue.
Preserved Ginger, Zingib'crin Radix Condi' ta,
Badix Zingib'eris condi'ta ex India, alla'ta, is a
condiment which possesses all the virtues of
ginger.
Ginger-Beer Powders may ba formed of wliite
ingar'"^] and ^ij, J/'".'yc)- gT.\, mbcm-bnnate of
soda g'r. xxxvj, in each blue paper; acid of tar-
tar ^iss, in each white paper — for half a pint of
water.
Oxley's Concentrated Eisencc of Jamaica Gin-
ger is a solution of ginger in rectified spir't.
AMOR, Love.
AMOHGE. Amurca.
AMOKPHUS, Anhistous, Anideus.
AMOSTEUS, Osteocolla.
AMOUR, Love — a. Physique, Appetite, vene-
real.
AMOUREUX, (muscle.) Obliquus superior
oculi.
AMPAC, Amp'acxts. An East India tree, the
leaves of which have a strong odour, and are
used in baths as detergents. A very odoriferous
resin is obtained from it.
AMPAR, Succinum.
AMPELOCARPUS, Galium aparine.
AMPELOPRASUM. Allium.
AMPELOP'SIS QUINQUEFO'LIA, (a/^TreXoj,
'the vine,' and onIis, 'appearance,') Virgin' ian
Creeper, American Toy, Five-leaved Ivy, Woody
Climber. An indigenous climbing plant. Ord.
Vitaceae ; which flowers in July. It has been
advised as an expectorant.
AMPELOS, Yitis vinifera — a. Agria, Bryonia
alba — a. Idaja, Vaccinium Vitis Idaea — a. Melaena,
Tamus communis — a. Oinophorus,' Vitis vinifera.
AMPHAMPIIOTERODIOPSIA, Diplopia.
AMPHARIS'TEROS, Anibila'vus, 'awkward;'
from afitpt, and aptarepos, 'the left.' Opposed to
ambidexter.
AiMPHEMERTNOS, Quotidian.
AMPHEMERUS, Quotidian.
AMPHI, a/jc/)i, 'both, around, on all sides.'
Hence, a prefix in many of the following terms.
AMPHIAM, Opium.
AMPHIARTHRO'SIS, from a/i^i, 'both,' and
Bo$-(<ij>in;, ' articulation.' A mixed articulation,
in which the corresponding surfaces of bones are
united in an intimate manner by an intermediate
body, which allows, however, of some slight mo-
tion. Such is the junction of the bodies of the
vertebrae by means of the intervertebral car-
tilages. This articulation has also been called
Diarthrose de Continuite. The motion it permits
is but slight.
AMPHIBLESTROIDITIS, Retinitis.
AMPIIIT5LE.STR0TDES, Reticular.
AMPUIBLESTROMALA'CIA, Amph,h!e,.
troidomala'eia, from amphiblcxtroides (""^ombra-
na), < the retina, and //aXa^.a, 'softening. Mol-
lescence or softening of the retina.
AMPJIIBRAN'CllIA, from a//^i, around,
and /3payx'«. ' tl'e throat.' Amphibron'chia. The
tonsils and neighbouring parts.— Hippocrates.
AMPIIICAUSTIS, Vulva.
AMIIID'EUM, from a^l(|>l, 'around,' and dem,
'I bind.' The outermost margin of the cervix
uteri ; the L(tbium uteri.
AMPJIIDEXIUS, Ambidexter.
AMPIIIDIARTHRO'SIS, from a//0i, 'about,'
and ^i«p5f)u)(ns, ' moveable joint.' A name givea
by Winslow to the temporo-maxillary articulii-
tion, because, according to that anatomist, it
partakes both of ginglymus and arthrodia.
A5IPHIESMA CORDIS, Pericardium.
AMPHIMERINA, Pertussis— a. llcctica, Hec-
tie fever.
AMPIIIMERINOS, Quotidian.
AMPHION, Maslach.
AMPIIIPLEX, Perinffium.
AMPIIIPNEUMA, Dyspnoea.
AMPHISMELA, Knife, dguble-edgod.
AMPlllSMILE, Knife, double-edged.
AMPIIISPIIAL'SIS, Circnmac'tio, Circum.
duetio, from a/i'/x, 'around,' and aipaXXw, 'I wan-
der.' The movement of circumduction used in
reducing luxations.— Hippocrates.
AMPHODIPLOPIA, see Diplopia.
AM'PHORA, per syncop. for n/j^iiioptvs, from
ajiipi, 'on both sides,' and ^ipm, ' I bear :' because
it had two handles. A liquid measure among
the ancients, containing above seven gallons.
Also called Quadrant'al, Cera'miurn, Ceram'nium,
Cadui:.
AMPHORIC RESPIRATION, see Cavernous
Respiration.
AMPHOTERODIPLOPIA, see Diplopia.
AMPHRODIPLOPIA, Diplopia.
AMPLEXATIO, Coition.
AMPLEXUS, Coition.
AMPLIFICATIO, Platynosis.
AMPLIOPIA, Amblyopia.
AMPOSIS, Anaposis.
AMPOULES, Essera.
AMPUL'LA, (L.) 'A bottle.' A
bag, shaped like a leathern bottle.
EUiptica. In pharmacy, a receiver.
Ampulla Chylifera seu Chyli, Recepta-
culum chyli.
AMPULLA, Phlyctaense.
AMPUTATION, Amputa'tio, from amputnre,
amputatum, (aw), ' around,' and jmtare, ' to cut
off.') Apot'ome, Apotom'ia. The operation of
separating, by means of a cutting instrument, a
limb or a part of a limb, or a projecting pnrt, as
the mamma, penis, &c., from the rest of the body.
In the case of a tumour, the terra excision, re-
moval, or extirpation, (F.) Resection, is more com-
monly used.
Amputation, Circular, is that in which the
integuments and muscles are divided circularly.
Amputation, Flap, (F.) A. a lambeaux, is
when one or two flaps are left so as to cover the
stump when the limb has been removed.
Amputation, Joint, Exarticula'tio, (F.) A.
dans I'artiele ou dans la contiyuite des membrei,
is when the limb is removed at an articulation.
Each amputation requires a different process,
•which is described in works on operative surgery.
Amputation, Spontaneous, see Spontaneous.
AMULET, Amulctum.
AMULETTE, Amuletum.
AMULE'TUM, from amoliri, 'to remove.' An
Amxdct, Perium'ma, Apotropm'um, Periap'ton,
Phyiacte'rion, Apoteles'ma, Exuvte'ma, Akxica!-
membranous
See Cavilas
AMURCA
AMYRIS COMMIPHORA
eum, PrfEtervatl'viim, Proha8ca'nium,Prolaiican'.
tiuni, (F.) Amutette. Any image or substance
worn about the person for the purpose of pre-
venting disease or danger.
AMIJR'CA, Arnur'ijii, aitopyn, from a/iepyu), 'I
press out.' The marc or grounds remaining after
olives have been crushed and deprived of their
oil. It has been used as an application to ulcers.
AMUlUiA, Amurca.
AM USA, Musa Paradisiaca.
A'^IYCE, Amycha, Amyx'ta. Excoriation, Sca-
rification.
AMYCIIA, Amyee.
AMYC'TICA, from a/iuutru, 'I lacerate.' Me-
dicines which stimulate and vellicate the skin. —
Cajlius Aurelinnus.
AMY DOLE, Fecula.
AMYDKIASIS, Mydriasis.
AMYKL'IA, from a, privative, and /lutXof,
'marrow.' A monstrous formation, in which
there is an absence of spinal marrow.
AMY'ELONER'VIA; from a, privative, /xueXoj,
'marrow,' and vevpov, 'nerve.' Paralysis or de-
ficient action of the .«pinal marrow.
AMYELOTROPH'IA, from a, privative, jtnj£>of,
'marrow,' and T()o<ptj, 'nourishment' Atrophy
of the spinal marrow.
AMYU'DALA, same etymon as Amyetica;
because there seem to be fissures in the shell.
The Almond, of which there are two kinds ;
Amyff'daleB ama'rm and A. dulces, (F.) Amandes
amerei, and A. donees, obtained from two varie-
ties of Aiuyf/'daluD commitnis or A. snti'va, Al-
mond tree, (Old Eng. ) AmylUer, a native of Bar-
bary. Ord. Amygdaleai. Hex. Syst. Icosandria
Monogynia.
The taste of Amygdala dulcii is soft and sweet ;
that of A. nmara, bitter. Both yield, by expres-
sion, a sweet, bland oil. The bitter almond con-
tains Prussic acid. They are chiefly used for
forming emulsions.
Amvg'daljE Pasta, Almond Paste, a cosmetic
for softening the skin and preventing chaps, is
made of hitter almonds, blanched, ^iv, trhite of
one eytj ; rose mater, and rectified spirit, equal
parts, or as much as is sufficient.
Amvg'dal>e Placen'ta, Almond Cake, is the
cake left after the expression of the oil. The
ground Almond Cake, Almond, Powder, Fari'na
Amyydala' rum, is used instead of soap for wash-
ing the hands.
AMYC.nALA, Tonsil. Also, a lobule or promi-
nenc-e of the cerebellum, so called from its resem-
blance to an enlarged tonsil. This and its fellow
of the opposite side form the lateral boundaries
of the anterior extremity of the mlley. and are
in great part covered by the medulla oblongata.
The Amygdala3 are seated on either side of the
uvula, in the fourth ventricle.
AMYU' DALATOME, Amygdalat'omiis, from
aytvyliaXrj, ' tonsil,' and Topri, ' incision ;' impro-
perly Tonsillitome, — Tonsil-guillotine, (F.) Se'ca-
teur des Amygdales. An instrument fqr surgery
and excising a portion of the tonsil. See Kio-
tome.
AMY'GDALATUM, Emulsio amygdalae.
AM YG DALE, Tonsil.
AM\''(j'])ALIN, Amygdali'num, Amygdali'na,
Amij(/'daline. A principle contained in bitter
almonds, which is prepared by pressing the
bruised almonds between heated plates to sepa-
rate the fat oil : boiling the residue in alcohol ;
evaporatinsr, and treating with ether, which pre-
cipitates the aniygdalin in a crystalline powder.
A weak solution' of it, under the influence of a
email quantity of emulsin or synatapse, which
constitutes the larger portion of the pulp of al-
monds, yields at once oil of bitter almonds and
hydrocyanic acid.
fusel.
AMYGDALITIS, Cynanche tonsillaris.
AMYGDALUS, see Amygdala.
Amvgdalits Communis, see Amygdala.
Amygdalus Pek'.sica, Per'sica vulga'ris. ' The
common peach-tree, (F.) Picher. The leaves and
flowers have been considered laxative. They are
bitter and aromatic, and have been given in hae-
maturia, nephritis, <fec. The fruit is one of the
pleasant and wholesome summer fruits, when
ripe. The kernels, Amyg'dala Per'sicce, as well
as the flowers, contain prussic acid.
Peach Brandy is distilled from the fruit, and
is much used in the United States.
AMYGMOS, Scarification.
AMY'L, Amylum.
, AMYLA'CEOUS, Amyla'ceus, (F.) Amylace,
'i from amylum, 'starch.' Having the nature of)
or containing starch. Starchy, starch-like.
Amylackous Bodies, Corpora amvlaeea
AMYLE, HYDRATED OXIDE OF, Oil, 1
AMY'LENE, see Potato oil.
AMYLEON, Amylum.
AMYLI lODIDUM, Starch, iodide of— a.
loduretum. Starch, iodide of.
AMYLLIER, see Amygdala.
AMYLOID BODIES, Corpora amylacea.
A'iMY'LUM, A'midum, Fec'ula, Amyl'eon,
Awyl'ion, Am'ylon, from a, priv., and pv'Xri, 'a
mill,' because ujade without a mill. Starch, (Old
Eng.) Amyl, (F.) Amidon, Amylon. Starch of
Wheat, Fari'na, Trit' ici fari'na, Amylum tritic"-
eum seu Trit'ici, Fec'ula Amyla'cea, is inodorous
and insipid, white and friable. It is insoluble in
cold water and alcohol, but forms with boiling
water a strong, semi-transparent jelly. It is de-
mulcent, and is used as an emollient glyster, and
as the vehicle for opium, when given per anum.
Starch is met with abundantly in all the cereal
grains, in the stalks of many of the palms, in
some lichens, and in many tuberous roots, par-
ticularly in the bulbs of the orchis.
Amylitm Americanum, see Arrow-root — a.
Cannaceum, Tous-les-mois — a. lodatum. Starch,
iodide of — a. Manihoticum, see Jatropha manihot
— a. Marantaceum, Arrow-root — a. Palmaceum,
Sago — a. Querneum, Racahout.
A'MY'ON, from a priv., and itvov, ' a muscle,'
Emnscula'tus. Without muscle. Applied to the
limbs, when so extenuated that the muscles can-
not be distinguished.
AMYOSIS, Synezizis.
AMYOSTHENI'A, (F.) Amyosthenie, from a,
priv., ixvwv, 'a muscle,' and a^ivof, 'strength.'
Defect of muscular contraction.
AMYOSTHENIE CYSTUItlQUE, Paralysis
of the bladder. — Piorry.
AMYRIS COMMIPHORA, see Bdellium.
Am'vuis Elemif'era, (a. intensive, and fivpov,
'an odoriferous ointment,' because it enters into
the composition of such.) (F.) Balsamier ou
Baumier Flemifere. Ord. TerebinthacesB. Sex.
Syst. Octandria Monogynia. The plant whence
it has been supposed Gum El'emi is obtained.
This gum or resin is brought from the Spanish
East and West Indies. Brazilian Elemi, accord-
ing to Dr. Royle, is produced by Icica Icicariba ;
3Icxican Elemi, by Ela'phrium elemiferum / and
Manilla Elemi, by Cana'rium commu'ne. It is
softish, transparent, of a pale whitish colour, in-
clining a little to green, and of a strong, though
not unpleasant smell. It is only used in oint-
ments and plasters, and is a digestive.
Amyris Gileadensis, see A. opobalsamum.
Am'yris OpobAL'saMUM, (F.) Balsamier OU
Baumier de la Mecque, lial'sem, Bal'samum. The
plant from which is obtained the Balsam op
Mecca, Bal'samum genui'num antiquo'rum seu
Asiat'icum seu Juda'icum seu Syriacum seu c
AMYRON
56
AN.15STHETIC
Jlfeccd seu Alpi'm, linlsamcla'on, yFgi/ptiacum
Jlal'iinniuiii, Coca ihnV Hit mum, Oleum Bal'sami,
Opobiil'Humum, Xylohiil'mmum, Biiham or Balm
of Gileitd, (F.) Boume liUinc, B. ile Uoustantino-
],lc bluuc, B. cie Galaad, B. (ht Grand Cuire, B.
Vrai, Terebinth ine de Gilead, T. d' Kgtjpte, T. du
Grand K'airc, T. de Judee. A resinous juice ob-
tained by making incisions into Ami/ris ojiohnV-
sdinum and ^1. Gileaden'fiis of LinniBUS, Balsa-
inadeu'dron Gile'iden'se of Kunth. The juice of
the fruit is called Uarpobid'namum ; that of the
wood and branches Xi/lobal'namiim. It has the
general properties of the milder Terebinthinates.
Amvhis ToM^:.NTOsu^f, Fagara octandra.
AMYUON, Carlhiunus tinctorius.
A'MYUS, from a, privative, and /ivs, 'a mouse,
a muscle.' Weak or poor in muscle.
AMYX'IA, from a, privative, and iiv^a, 'mu-
cus.' Deficiency of mucus.
AMYXIS, Amyce, Scarification.
ANA, ava, a word which signifies 'of each.'
It is used in prescriptions as well as ii and fia, its
abbreviations. As a prefix to words, it means
'in,' 'through,' 'upwards,' 'above,' in opposition
to cata; — also, 'repetition,' like the English re.
Hence, —
ANAB'ASIS, from avajiaivi^, 'I ascend.' The
first period of a disease, or that of increase. —
Galeu. See Augmentation.
ANABEXIS, E.\pectoration
ANABLEP'SIS, from ava, 'again,' and jSXtira),
'I see.' Restoration to sight.
ANABOL^'ON, Aunbok'us, from avnjSaWu, 'I
cast up.' An ointment for extracting darts or
other extraneous bodies.
ANAB'OLE, from ava, 'upwards,' and fiaWu,
'I cast.' Ana(/o'(je, Anapjh'oru, Anacine'mu,
Anacine'sis. An evacuation upwards. An act
by which certain matters are ejected by the
mouth. In common acceptation it includes, ex-
xpuition, expectoration, reijuryitation, and vomit-
iny.
ANABROCHIS'MDS, Anahron'cliismus, from
uva, 'with,' and fiito'xoi, 'a running knot.' An
operation for removing the eye-lashes, for exam-
ple, when they irritate the eye, by means of a
iuiir knotted around them. — Hippocrates, Galen,
Celsus, Ac.
ANABRONCHISMUS, Anabrochismus.
ANABROSIS, Corrosion, Erosion.
ANACAMPSEROS, Sedum telephijim.
ANAC.AR'DIUM OCCIDENTA'LE, {ava and
Kupiia, ' heart,' from the resemblance of the fruit
to a dried heart,) Aeajn'bn occidenta'lix, Cussu'-
vinm pnmif'erum. Cashew ( W. Indies.) (F.) Ac'-
iijou. Ord. Terebinthaceae. Sex. Si/at. Ennean-
dria Monogynia. The Oil of tf^ Casheie Xut,
O'leum Anacar'dii, (P.) Huile d' Acajou, is an
Hctive caustic, and used as such in the countries
where it grows, especially for destroying warts,
<tc.
Anacaudthm Orientalr, Avicenniatomentosa.
ANACATHAR'SIS, from ava, 'upwards,' and
Ko^aipnv, 'to purge.' Purgation upwards. Ex-
pectoration. See, also, Repurgatio.
Anacatharsis Catarbhalis Simplex, Ca-
tarrh.
ANACATHARTICUS, Expectorant.
ANACESTOS, Incurable.
ANACHREMPSIS, E.xspuition.
ANACHRON, Soda.
ANACINEMA, Anabole, Exspuition.
ANACINESIS, Anabole, Exspuition.
ANACLASIS. Repercussion.
ANACLINTE'RIUM. Anadin'tmm, liecuhi-
to'rium, from uva/cAivn), ' I recline.' A long chair
or seat, so formed that the person can rest in a
reclining posture.
ANACLINTKUM, Anaclinterium.
ANACOLLE'MA, from ava, 'together, and
KoWuui, ' I glue' A healing medicine.
Anacoi-i.kmata, FrontJil bandages.
ANACOLUP'PA. A creeping plant ot Mala-
bar, the juice of which, mixed with powdered
pepper, passes in India as a cure for epilepsy,
and as the only remedy for the bito of the naja.
It is supposed to be Zapa'nia nodi/lo'ra.
ANA COL UTIIIE, Incoherence.
ANACOMIDE, Restauratio.
ANACONCHYLIASMUS, Gargarism.
ANACONCIIYLISMUS, Gargarism.
ANACTESIS, Restauratio.
ANACTIRION, Artemisia.
ANACYCLEOiN, Charlatan.
ANACYCLUS OFFICINARUM, see Anthe-
mis Pyrethrum — a. Pyrethrum, Anthemis pyre-
thrum.
ANADESMUS, Fascia.
ANADIPLO'SIS, from ava, 'again,' and JtirXou,
'I double.' Epniiadiplo'sis, Epanale]/si^, Bedii-
pllca'tio. The redoubling which occurs in a
paroxysm of an intermittent, when its type is
double. — Galen, Alexander of Tralles,
ANADORA, Ecdora.
ANAD'OSIS, from avaSiSuiiit, 'I give up.'
Purgation upwards, as by vomiting. Congestion
of blood towards the upper parts of the body.
Anadonis seems also to have occasionally meant
chylification, whilst diadosis meant capillary nu-
trition,— Hippocrates, Galen.
ANAD'ROME, from ava, 'upwards,' and hpifih),
' I run.' The transport of a humour or pain from
a lower to an upper part. — Hippocrates. Also,
the globus hystericus. See Angone.
ANjEDOiVUS, from av, privative, and atioia,
'organs of generation.' A monster devoid of
sexual organs.
AN^MATOPOE'SIS, from a, av, privative,
'atixa, 'blood,' and ttouui, 'I make.' Impeded ur
obstructed htematosis.
ANjEMATO'SIS, AnJicBJnato'sis, from a, av,
privative, and 'aifta, 'blood.' Defective hasma-
tosis or preparation of the blood. Anaemia.
AN^'MIA, Exa'mia, Ana'masiH, Aiihce'mia,
Anhcp.malo'sia, Poli/anhw'niin, AncBiiio'sin, OlitjOi'-
mia, OligohoB'mia, Hiiprn'mia, HydnxB'min, Hy-
drce'mia, Aiie'niia, (F.) Anemie, Aiihemic, Anlii-
matoeie,Poli/anheinie, Hijdrolieinie, Exxanyiiin'itif,
Blood' lessness : from u, priv., and 'aifia, 'blood.'
Privation of blood ; — the opposite to plethora. It
is characterized by every sign of debility. Also,
diminished quantity of fluids in the capillary ves-
sels : — the opposite to Hyperamia. — The essential
character of the blood in anaemia is diminution
in the ratio of red corpuscles.
AN^'MIC, Anem'ie, Ana'micus ; same ety-
mon. Appertaining or relating to ana?mia, — as
an "«»<BHn'c person." See Exsanguious.
ANtEMOCH'ROUS, from a, av, privative, 'aijia,
' blood,' and xi'°'^> ' colour.' Devoid of colour,
pale.
ANiEMOSIS, Ana?mia.
AN^MOT'ROPHY, AncBmotroph'in : from av,
privative, -aifxa, 'blood,' and Tpoipn, •'nourish-
ment.' A deficiency of sanguineous nourishment.
— -Prout.
ANiEMYDRTA, Anhydramia.
ANiESTHE'SIA, Anasthe'ais, Insensibil'itai,
Analge'sia, Parap sis expers, (F.) Anesthesie ;
from a, privative, and ataOavoiiat, ' 1 feel.' Pri-
vation of sensation, and especially of that of
touch, according to some. It may be general or
partial, and is almost always symptomatic.
An^sthksia GusTAToniA, Agcustia — a. Lin-
guae, Ageustia— a. Olfactoria, Anosmia— a. Optic,
Amaurosis.
ANiESTHESIS, Ana-sthesia.
1 AN^STHET'IC, Ancsthet'ic, Anasthet'kut^
AN^ESTIIETIZATION
67
ANAPNOE
fF.) AnenlJieaique ; same etymon, as Anantheiia.
Iloliiting t(j privation of feeling, as an " (iiiwxlhetic
agent;" one that prevents feeling. The term is,
now, almost rustrieted to agents, which produce
such ell'ect by being received into the lungs in
the form of vapours or gases, and passing with
the blood to the nervous centres on which their
action is exerted. Perhaps, as a general rule,
the intcllectuiil faculties first feel their influence,
— a sort of intoxication supervening, with imper-
fect power of regulating the movements ; the
sensory ganglia become afterwards or simulta-
neously affected, sensation and motion arc
suspended, and ultimately, if the quantity in-
haled be sufficient, the medulla oblongata has its
actions suspended or destroyed, respiration ceases,
and death is the consequence. Different agents
have been used as ansBsthetics by way of inhala-
tion— sulphuric ether, chloroform, chloric ether,
compound ether, chlorohydric and nitric ethers,
bisulphuret of carbon, chloride of olefiant gas,
benzin, aldehyde, light coal-tar naphtha, <fcc. ;
but the first four are alone employed. They have
been, and are, greatly used in serious surgical
operations, and during parturition; and in such
cases, as well as in many diseases, especially of a
painful nature, produce the most beneficial results.
AN.E.STIIETIZA'TION, (F.) AneHthetlmtion;
same etymon. The condition of the nervous sys-
tem induced by anaesthetics.
ANAGAL'LIS, from ava, and ya\a, 'milk,'
from its power of coagulating milk. A.arven'sis
A. Ph<pnic"en, Med Piin'pernel, Scarlet Pimper-
vel, S'/i'pherd'H Snii-didl. Nat. Ord. Primulaceae.
»SV.r. Sjnt. Pentandria Monogynia. (F.) Mourou
roiKje. A common European plant; a reputed
antispasuiodio and stomachic.
Another species — Anaijal'lis caru'lea is a mere
variety of the above.
Anarallis Aquatioa, Veronica Beccabunga.
ANAUARGALICTON, Gargarism.
ANAGARGARrSMUS, Gargarism.
ANAGARGARLSTON, Gargarism.
ANA(tLYPHE, Calamus scriptorius.
' ANAGNOSTAKIS, see Ophthalmoscope.
ANAGOGE, Anabole, Rejection.
ANAGRAPHE, Prescription.
ANAG'YRIS, Anag'yris fue'tida, Anag'yrus,
Ac'opov, Stinkitig Bean Trefoil. (F.) Anngyre,
from avfiyio. ' I lead upwards' [ ? ]. Native of Italy.
The leaves are powerfully purgative. The juice
is said to be diuretic, and the seeds emetic. — Di-
oscoriiles, Paulus.
ANAGYRUS, Anagyris.
ANAL, Ana' I is. That which refers to the
anus ; — as Anal region, <tc.
ANAL'DIA, (F.) Analdie ; from a, av, priva-
tive, and aMuv, 'to grow.' Defective nutrition.
AXALEMSIA, Analepsia.
ANALENTIA, Analepsia.
ANALEP'SIA, Analep'sis, Analen'tia, Ana-
lem'nia, from ava, 'fresh,' and Xa/i/iawiv. (future
X»;'|o/<"i.) 'to take.' Restoration to strength after
disease. — Galen. A kind of sympathetic epilepsy,
originating from gastric disorder. See Epilepsy.
Also, the supi)ort given to a fractured extre-
mity ; — Appen'sio. — Hippocrates.
ANALEPSIS, Convalescence, Restauratio.
ANALEP'TICA, Anapoi/n'tica, Psi/e}!ol'ica,
Refeeti'vn, Rejicien'tia, liestanrun'tia, Analep'-
tiea, same et.ymon. Rentorative medicines or
food ; such as are adapted to recruit the strength
during convalescence; — as sago, salep, tapioca,
jelly. Ac.
AxALKPTic Pills, James's, consist o{ James's
Powdir, Gnm Aminouiacnm, and Pills of Aloes
and Miirrh, equal parts, with Tincture of Castor,
sufBcient to form a mass.
ANALGE'SIA, Anal'gia, from a, av, priv., and
a\yoi, 'pain.' Absence of pain both in health
and disease. See Anaesthesia.
ANALGIA, Analgesia.
AN'ALOGUE, Anal'ogus ; from ava, 'again,'
and Xoyof, 'a description.' A part in one orga-
nized being which has the same function as an-
other part in another organized being.
ANALOGOUS TISSUES, see Tissues.
ANALOSIS, Atrophy.
ANALTESIS, Restauratio.
ANALTIIES, Incurable.
ANAMIRTA COCCULUS, Menispermura coo-
culus — a. Peniculata, Menispermum cocculus.
ANAMNES'TIC, Anamnes'ticnm, from ava,
'again,' and infivriaKii), ' I remember.' A medi-
cine for improving the memory. See, also, Com-
memorative.
ANANAS, Bromelia ananas — a. Aculeata, Bro-
melia ananas — a. Americana, Bromelia pinguin
— a. Ovata, Bromelia ananas — Wild, broad-
leaved, Bromelia pinguin.
ANANAZIP'TA. A word formerly scrawled
on amulets to charm away disease.
ANANDRI'A, from «, av, privative, and avttp,
'a man.' Want of manliness. Impotence in the
male. The state and act of emasculation.
ANANEO'SIS, Renova'tio ; from ava, 'again,'
and v£Of, 'new.' Renovation or renevval, — as of
the blood by the chyliferous vessels and lym-
phatics.
ANAPETI'A, Expan'sio mea'tttnm, from ava,
and TTCTau), ' I dilate.' A state opposite to the
closure of vessels. — Galen.
ANAPnALANTI'ASIS,^l»fTp^aZnw7(/»m,from
ava<p(iXavTiiii, ' bald.' Loss of the hair of the eye-
brows. Also, baldness in general.
ANAPIIALANTOMA, Anaphalantiasis.
ANAPHE, Anaphia.
ANAPH'IA, AnJinph'ia, An'aphe, from a, av,
priv., and 'atpr], 'touch.' Diminution or privation
of the sense of touch.
ANAPHLASMUS, Masturbation.
ANAPIIONE'SIS, from ava, 'high,' and 0wv7,
'voice.' Exercise of the voice: vociferalicm : —
the act of crving out. Vocifera'tio, Clamor.
ANAPHORA, Anabole.
ANAPHRODtS'IA, from a, priv., and A(l>po.
SiTT], 'Venus,' IJefec'tus Ven'eris. Absence of the
venereal appetite. Sometimes used for Impotence
and Stcrilit!/.
ANAPHRODTSIAC. Antaphrodisiac.
ANAPHROMELI. Mel despumatum.
ANAP'LASIS, Annplasin'iis, from avanXaaau),
' I restore.' Confirma'tio, Reposi"tio. Restora-
tion. Union or consolidation of a fractured bone.
— Hippocrates.
ANAPLASMATIC, Anaplastic.
ANAPLASMUS, Anaplasis.
ANAPLAS'TIC, Anaplas'ticns ; same etymon.
An epithet applied to the art of restoring lost
parts or the normal shape, — as 'Anaplastic Sur-
gery.' See Morioplastice. Also an agent, that
increases the amount of plastic matter — fibrin — •
in the blooil; Anaplasmat'ic.
ANAPLERO'SIS, from avanXijpo'^i (ava, and
jrXijpou',) 'I fill up.' Repleticm. That part of
surgical therapeutics whose object is to supply
parts that are wanting. Also, Apposition or
Prosthesis.
ANAPLEROTICUS. Incarnans.
ANAPLEU'SIS, FhiPtnn'tio, Innafa'tio, from
avoTtXctv, {ava and nXeu)), 'to swim above.' The
looseness or shaking of an exfoliated bone ; or of
a carious or other tooth, &c. — Hippocrates,
Paulus.
ANAPLOSIS. Growth.
ANAPNEUSIS, Respiration.
ANAPNOE, Respiration.
ANAPNOENUSI
58
ANATOMY
ANAPNOENU'SI, from anapnoe, 'respira-
tion,' and vovoos, disease.' Diseases of the re-
spiratory organs.
ANAPNO.METER, Spirometer.
ANAPODIrfIS UTERI, Rotroversio Uteri.
ANAl'ODIS.MUS UTERI. Ketroversio Uteri.
ANAPODOPilYLLUM CANADENSE, Podo-
phyllum peltatum.
ANAP'OSIS, Am'posis, from ava, 'again,' and
rocr(5, 'drink.' A recession of humours from the
circumference to the centre of the body. — Hippo-
crates.
ANAPSE, Auante.
ANAPSIA, Cajcitas.
ANAPSYCTICA. Analeptica.
ANAPTYSIS, Expectoration.
ANAPTYXIS, Growth.
ANARCOTINA, Narcotine.
ANARRHEGNU'MINA, from avappvyvt'h 'I
break out again.' Fractures are so called when
they become disunited; as well as ulcers when
they break out afresh.
ANARRHI'NON, from ava, 'upwards,' and
piv, ' the nose.' That which returns by the nose.
— Gorraeus.
According to others, that which issues by the
skin ; from ava, and pivog, ' the skin.'
ANARRHINUM, Sternutatory.
ANARRHCE'A, Auar' rhoe,An<n-rho' pia, Anas'-
tanis, from ava, ' upwards,' and peot, ' I flow. Af-
flux of fluid towards the upjior part of the body.
ANARRHOPIIK, Absorption.
A N A R R H 0 P H E N U'S I, from anarrhophe,
' absorption,' and vovaos, ' disease.' Diseases of
the absorbents.
ANARRHOPHESIS, Absorption.
ANARRUOPIA, Anarrhoea.
ANAR'TIIRUS, from av, priv. and ap&pov, 'a
joint.' Without a joint. One who is so fat that
his joints are scarcely perceptible. — Hippocrates.
ANASAR'CA, from ava, ' through,' and aap^,
aapKos, ' the flesh.' Anasarch'o, Catasar'co,
Aqua intercus sou inter cuteni, Hypuhur'cn, Uy-
diopH cellnla'rin toti'iis cor'pnris, H. Anasar' -
ca seu inter'cH8 seu suhcuta' nena seu ceUulo'mis seu
cula'neus seu tela cellulo'scB, Kataaar'ca, Episar-
cid'ium, Hy'deroa, Hydaton'cus, Hyderon'ctis,
Jlydron'cuH, Hydrosar'ca, Hydroder' ma, Hydrojj' -
isin vera, Sitr' cites, Poly/yin'phia, Ilypoearcid'iue,
Leucophlegma' tia, General dropsy, Dropny of the
cellular membrane, (F.) Ana»urque. Commonly,
it begins to manifest itself by swelling around the
ankles ; and is characterized by tumefaction of
the limbs and of the soft parts covering the ab-
domen, thorax, and even the face, with paleness
and dryness of the skin, and pitting when any
of these (especially the ankles) are pressed upon.
Like dropsy in general. Anasarca may be active
or passive ; and its treatment must be regulated
by the rules that are applicable to general dropsy.
At times, the symptoms are of an acute character,
and the efl'usion sudden, constituting Derma-
toch'ysis, Hydrops Anasar' ca acu'tus, CEde'ma
cal'idum, (E. acu'tuvi, CE./ebri'le of some. See
Hydrops.
Anasarca Hystericum, Anathymiasis — a.
Pulmonum Hydropneumonia, Q5dema of the
Lungs — a. Serosa, Phlegmatia dolens.
ANASARCHA. Anasarca.
AXASAKQI'E, Anasarca.
ANASISMUS, Concussion.
ANASPADIA, see Anaspadiaeus.
ANASPA'DIAS, Epispa'dias, from ava, 'up-
wards,' and airaiii, ' I draw.' One whose urethra
opens on the upper surface of the penis.
ANASPADISIS, see Anaspadiaeus.
ANASPADI8MUS, see Anaspadiaeus.
ANAS'PASIS, Anaspasm'us, from avatr-raoi, 'I
contract.' Retrac'tio, Contraction, especially of
the bowels. The condition is called Annspa'dia,
Annspad'isis, and ^)ia«;j«(/i«'»ti(8.— Hippocrates.
ANASPASMUS, Anaspasis.
ANASSA, Bronielia ananas.
ANASTALTICA, Styptics.
ANA8TASIS, Anarrhoea. Also, restoration
from sickness. Convalescence.
ANASTCECHEIO'SIS, from ava, 'again,' and
iTToix^ov, 'element.' Jieelementa'tio. Resolu-
tion of a body or its parts into their elements. —
Galen.
ANASTOMO'SIS, from ava, 'with,' and aropa,
'a mouth.' Inoscnla'tio seu Iteu'nio vaso'nim,
Exanastomo'sia, Concur'aus, (F.) Ahouchement.
Communication between two vessels. By con-
sidering the nerves to be channels, in which a
nervous fluid circulates, their communication like-
wise has been called Anastomosis. By means of
anastomoses, if the course of a fluid be arrested
in one vessel, it can proceed along others.
Anastomosis Aneurissiatica, Telangiectasia
— a. Jaeohson's, see Petrosal ganglion.
ANASTOMOT'IC, Anastomot' icus, (F.) Anas-
tomotique. Same etjiiion as anastomosis. Be-
longing or relating to anastomosis.
AJSTASTOMOT'ICS, ^)insto»!o«'jcfr. Same ety-
mon. Certain medicines were formerly so called,
which were believed to be capable of opening tho
mouths of vessels, as asperients, diuretics, etc.
ANASTOMOT'ICUS MAGNUS (RAMUS),
(F.) Artere collaterale interne, A. collaterale d>t
coude, is a branch of the brachial artery, which
comes off a little above the elbow, and bestows
branches to the brachialis internus, to the under
edge of the triceps, and to the muscles, ligaments,
etc, about the elbow joint. See, also. Articular
arteries of the knee.
ANASTROPHE UTERI, Inversio uteri.
ANATASIS, Extension.
ANATHEMA, TaVmla votiva.
ANATHERIUM MURICATUM, Andropogon
muricatus.
ANATIIOMIA. Anatomy.
ANATIIYMIAMA, Anathymiasis.
ANATHYMFASIS, Anat'hymiama, from ava,
'upwards,' and Bvfia, 'fumigation.' (Ede'mn fu-
gax, CEde'ma spas'ticum, (Ede'mn hyster'icnm,
Anasar'ca hyster'icnm. An uncertain and tran-
sient swelling or inflation, said to have been ob-
served at times in nervous and hysterical per-
sons. It also means Exhalation, Fumigation, and
Hypochondriasis.
ANATOLE UNGUIUM, see Nail.
ANATOME, Anatomy — a. Animata, Physio-
logy.
ANATOMIA, Anatomy — a. Aniraalis, Zootomy
— a. Comparata, Zootomy — a. Comparativa, Zo-
otomy— a. Viva, Physiology.
ANAT03IIE, Anatomy — a. Chirurgicale, see
Anatomy — a. des Regions, see Anatomy.
ANAT'OMISM, Anatomism' us. Same etymon
as Anatomy. The doctrine of those who look
into the arrangement of parts, to explain all the
phenomena of the organism.
ANAT'OMIST, Anatom'icns. One who occu-
pies himself with anatomy. One versed in ana-
tomy.
Pi-T^ A.T' OWY , Anat' ome, Anntoni' ia ,Anatliom' in,
Prosec'tio, from ava, and Ttpvtiv, 'to cut,' (F.)
Anatomic. The viotCl Anatomy properly signifies
dissection; but it has been appropriated to the
study and knowledge of the number, shape,
situation, structure, and connection — in a word,
of all the apparent properties of organized bodies.
Anatomy is the science of organization. Some
have given the term a still more extended accep-
tation, applying it to every mechanical decom-
position, even of inorganic bodies. Thus, Crys-
tallography has been termed the Anatomy of
ANATON
59
ANCUBITUS
crystallized minerals. Anatomy has also been
called Murphiil'ofjy, Somatol'otji/, Somatot'omy,
Orijannl'oijy, etc. It assumes dififerent names,
fii'cordiiig as the study is confined to one organ-
izc'il being, or to a species or class of beings.
Thus, Aiidrot'omy, or Atithropot'omy, or Anthro-
])"!/' ra phi/, or AnthropouomatoV o(jy, is the Ana-
tiiiiiy t)J Mun; ZijiJtoini/, that of the other species
of the animal kingdom; and Vet'erimvij AnaV-
oiiiy is the anatomy of domestic animals; but
wlien the word is used abs^tractly, it means Hu-
mtin Anatomy, and particularly the study of
the organs in a physiological or healthy state.
PliyKU)li>fj"!cal Anatomy is occasionally used to
signify the kind of anatomy which investigates
structure with a special view to function. The
Anatomy of the diseased human body is called
l'ath(il(>(i"l(:al or Moihid Anatomy, and when ap-
plied to Medical Jurisprudence, Foren'sie Anat-
omy. Several of the organs possessing a simi-
larity of structure, and being formed of the same
tissues, they have been grouped into Systems or
Genera of Organs; and the study of, or acquaint-
ance with, such systems, has been called General
Anat'omy, Histol'ogy, or Jforphot'omy, whilst the
study of each organ in particular has been termed
Descriptive Anatomy, Anthropomorphol'oyy. Hie-
toloyy is, however, more fre((uently applied to
the Anatomy of the Tissnen, which is called, also,
7'ex'tural and jVicroscop'ic Anatomy, Micrano-
tom.'ia, see Histology. Descriptive Anatomy has
been divided into Skeletol'oyy, which comprises
OnteoVoiyy and Syndesmol'ofiy ; and into Sarcol'-
oijij, which is subdivided into MyoVoriy, NeuroV-
oijy, Angiol'o(fy, Adenol'orjy, Splanchnol'or/y, and
JJcrmol'ogy. ^ur'gical Anat'omy, J fedico-Chirurgi-
cal Anat'omy, Topograph' ical Anat'omy, Re'gional
Anat'omy, (F.) Anatomie Chirurgicale, A. dea Re-
gions, is the particular and relative study of the
bones, muscles, nerves, vessels, etc., with which
it is indispensable to be acquainted before per-
forming operations. Cumpar'ative Anat'omy is
the comparative study of each organ, with a view
to an acquaintance with the modifications of its
structure in different animals or in the diff'erent
classes of animals. Transcendent' al or Philosoph'-
ieal Anatomy inquires into the mode, plan, or
model upon which the animal frame or organs
are formed; and Artiji'cial Anat'omy is the art
of modelling and representing, in wax or other
substance, the different organs or diff'erent parts
of the human body, in the sound or diseased state.
Phytot'omy is the anatomy of vegetables, and
Picto'rial Anatomy, anatomy artistically illus-
trated.
Anatomy, see Skeleton — a. Artificial, see Ana-
tomy— a. Comparative, see Anatomy, Zootomy —
a. Descriptive, see Anatomy — a. Forensic, see
Anatomy — a. General, see Anatomy — a. Human,
sec Anatomy — a. of Man, see Anatomy — a. Me-
dico-Chirurgical, see Anatomy — a. Microscopic,
see Anatomy — a. Morbid, see Anatomy — a. Path-
ological, see Anatomy — a. Pathological, micros-
copic, see Histology — a. Philosophical, see Ana-
tomy— a. Physiological, see Anatomy — a. Picto-
rial, sec Anatomy — a. Practical, see Dissection —
a. Regional, see Anatomy — a. Surgical, see Ana-
tomy—a. Te.xtural, see Anatomy — a. Topogra-
phical, see Anatomy — a. Transcendental, see
Anatomy — a. Veterinary, see Anatomy.
ANATON, Soda.
ANATREPSIS, Restauratio.
AN.ATRESIS. Perforation, Trepanning.
ANATRIBE. Friction.
AN.VTRIP.-^I.^. Friction.
ANATRIPSOL'OGY, AnatripaoIog"ia, Ana-
triptolog" ia, from avurfxi/if, 'friction,' and Aoyos,
<a discourse.' * "" "
medy.
A treatise on friction as
ANATRIPTOLOGIA, Anatripsology.
ANATRON,_Natrum, Soda.
ANAT'ROPE, from ava, 'upwards,' and rptnu,
'I turn.' Subver.-'ion. A turning or subver-
sion or inverted action of the stomach, charac-
terized by nausea, vomiting, etc. — Galen. We
still speak of the stomach turning against any
thing.
ANAUDIA, Catalepsy, Mutitas.
ANAXYRIS, Rumex acetosa.
ANAZESIS. Ebullition.
ANAZOTURIA, see Urine.
ANCHA, Haunch.
ANCHILOPS, .Egilops.
ANCHONE, Angone.
ANCHORALIS PROCESSUS, Coracoid.
ANCHUSA ANGUSTIFOLIA, A. Oflieinalia
— a. Incarnata, A. Officinalis — a. Lycopsoides, A.
Officinalis.
Anchu'sa Officinalis, A. Angustifo'lia seu
Tncarna'ta seu Lycopso'i'des, Alca'na, Lingua
BoviD, Buglos'snm aylves'tre, Offic"tnal or Garden.
Al'kanet or Bngloss, (Old Eng ) Langdehef ; Ord.
Boragineae. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia.
(F.) Bnglosc. A native of Great Britain. The
herb was formerly esteemed as a cordial in me-
lancholia and hypochondriasis; but it is now
rarely used. It is also called Bnglos'sa, Bvglos'-
sum angnsti/o'lium majus, B. vutga're majus, B.
eati'vum. '
Anchu'sa Tincto'ria, Alean'na spn'ria, Dyer's
liiigloss, Ane'bium, Buglos'sum Tincto'rnm, Li-
thosjier'mnm viUo'sum, Dyer's Al'kanet, (F.) Or-
eanette. A European plant. The medical pro-
perties are equivocal. It is used to give a beau-
tiful red colour to ointments.
ANCHYLOSIS, Ankylosis,
ANCISTRON, Hamulus.
ANCLE, Astragalus, Malleolus.
ANGLER, Malleolus.
ANCLET, Malleolus.
ANCLIFF, Malleolus.
ANCLOWE, Malleolus.
ANCOLIE, Aquilegia vulgaris.
ANCON, Elbow, Olecranon.
ANCONAD, see Anconal Aspect.
ANCONAGRA, Pechyagra.
ANCO'NAL, from ayKi^v, 'the elbow.' Rela-
ting, or appertaining to the elbow orthe olecranon.
Anconal Aspect. An aspect towards the side
on which the ancon or elbow is situated. — Bar-
clay. Anco'nad is used by the same writer ad-
verbially, to signify 'towards the anconal aspect.'
ANCONE, Anconeus.
ANCONE'US, from ayxi^v, 'the elbow.' A term
once applied to every muscle attached to the ole-
cranon. Winslow distinguished four — the great,
external, internal, and small ; the first three being
portions of the same muscle, the triceps hrachia-
lis. The last has, alone, retained the name. It
is the Ancone'ns minor of Winslow, the Ancone'na
seu Cnhita'lis Riola'ni of Douglas, the Epicon-
dylo-Cuhita'lis of Chaussier, the Brevis Cii'biti,
(F.) Ancone, and is situate at the upper and back
part of the fore-arm. It arises from the external
condyle of the os humeri, and is inserted into
the posterior edge of the upper third of the ulna.
Its use is to aid in the extension of the fore-arm.
Anconeus Externus, see Triceps extensor
cubiti— a. Internus, see Triceps extensor cubiti
— a. Major, see Triceps extensor cubiti.
ANCTE'RES. Fibula; or Clasjjs by which
the lips of wounds were formerly kept together.
— Celsus, Galen.
ANCTERIASMUS, Infibulation.
ANCU'BITUS, Petrifac'tio. An aff'ection of
the eye, in which there is a sensation as if sand
were irritating the organ.
ANCUNNUENT.E
60
ANEMONE DBS BO IS
ANCUNNUEN'T.E. A name formerly given
to raenstruatins; fem:iles.
ANGUS, Anlnm. from ayKh>v, 'the elbow.' One
■who cannot extend his arms completely.
Also, the deformity resulting from a luxation
of the humerus or fore-arm. — Hippocrates.
ANCYLE. Ankylosis.
ANCYLOBLEPIIARON, Ankyloblepharon.
AXrYLOCHETLIA, Ankylocheilia.
AXCYLOCOLPUS, Colpatresia.
A XC YL 0 no n E, AnUylocore.
ANOYLODER E, Torticollis.
AXCYLODERIS. Torticollis.
ANCYLODONTTA, Ankylodontia.
ANCYLOOLOSSIA, Ankyloglossia.
ANCYLOMELE, Ankyloraele.
ANCYLOMERISMUS, Ankylomerismus.
ANCYLORRHINIA, Ankylorrhinia.
ANCYLOSIS, Ankylosis.
ANCYLOTIA. Ankylotia.
ANCYLOTOMUS, Ankylotomus.
ANCYRA. Hook.
ANCYROID CAVITY. Digital cavity.
ANCYROIDES PROCESSUS, Coracoid.
AND, Breath.
ANDA. Native name of a tree of Brazil —
Aiidn Gome'sii seu Brasilieu'sis sen de Pinon,
Aiidimmi, Anda-arii, Joniine'aia prtnceps. Ord.
EuphorbiaceiB. Sex. Si/sf. Monoecia Monadel-
phia. An oil — Oil of Aiida — is obtained from
the seeds by pressure, 50 to 60 drops of which
act as a cathartic. The fruit is an oval nut,
containing two seeds. These have the taste of
the chestnut; but are strongly cathartic, and
even emetic. The shell is astringent, and is
used Hs such in diarrhoea, etc.
ANDE, Breath.
ANDELY, MINERAL "WATERS OF. An-
dely is in France, near Gysore, and eight leagues
from Rouen. The water is cold, and a weak cha-
lybeate. It is used in chlorosis and abdominal
obstructions.
ANDERSON'S PILLS, see Pilulae Aloes et
Jalapre.
ANDTRA IBAI, Geoffraea Vermifuga — a. In-
crmis, Geoffrsea inermis — a. Racemosa, Geoffraea
inermis — a. Surinamensis, Geoffraa Surinamen-
sis.
ANDRACHAHARA, Sempervivura tectorum.
ANDRACHNE, Arbutus unedo, Portulaca.
ANDRALOGOMELE, from ai^vp, avlpo;, 'a
man,' a, priv., ^^uyog, 'reason,' and /iriXov, 'a do-
niestic animal.' A name given by Malacarne to
a monster in which he supposed the presence of
the body of a miin with the limbs of a brute.
ANDRANATOM'IA, Andranat'ome, Andro-
tnm'ia, Aiidrot'ome, Anthropot'omy, from avrip,
penitive avhpoi, 'a man,' and Ttpvuv, 'to cut.'
The anntomy of man.
ANDRI'A. Adult age. Manhood.
Andri'a Mu'lier, MuUer Hermaphrodit'ica.
A female hermaphrodite.
ANDROGEN'IA.from avnQ,av^pog, 'a man, 'and
ycvcaii, 'generation.' The procreation of males.
— Hippocrates.
ANDROG"YNUS, from avvp, avhpot, 'a man,'
and yvvn, 'a woman.' A hermaphrodite. An
efl'eminMte person. — Hippocrates.
ANDROLEPSIA, Conception.
ANDROMANIA, Nymphomania.
ANDROM'EDA ARBO'REA, Sorrel Tree,
Sour Tree, Sour Wood, Elk Tree, Elk Wood,
Sorrel Wood, Sour Leaf, (F.) Audromede, Andro-
medier. A small indigenous tree ; Ord. Erica-
ceae, Sex. Sijst. Deeandria Monogynia; found in
the Alleghany mountains and the hills and val-
leys diverging from them, as far as the .southern
limits of Georgia and Alabama; but seldom north
of Virginia. The sour leaves are refrigerent and
astringent, and have been used to make a kmd
of lemonade, which has been given in fevers.
AuDROMKDA Makia'na, Broad-haved Moor-
loort, Kill-lnmh, Lomh KUhr, Star/'/'rhiisIi. A
decoction of this American plant is said to havo
been successfully employed as a wash, in a dis-
agreeable afTection — not uncommon amongst the
slaves in the southern parts of the United States
— called the Toe Itch, and Ground Itch. — Barton.
Andromeda Nit'ida, Sonrwood, Sorrel tree,
indigenous; has properties similar to those of
A. arborea.
ANDROPOGON BICORNIS, Junctus odoratus
— a. Calamus aromaticus, see Oleum graminis In-
dici — a. Citratus, Junctus odoratus — a. Citriodo-
rus, Junctus odoratus, Nardus Indica.
Andropo'gon Murica'tus, {avnp, avipoi, 'a,
man,' and viayuv, 'a beard.') A. aqunrro'sua,
Phnl'aris ziznno'i'des, Agron'tis vert i cilia' ta, Ana-
the'rum murica'lum, Vetlve'ria odora'ta, \ ittie-
vayr, Ciiatus, Khus-Khm ; Nat. Ord. Gramineae.
The root of this plant, from Bombay, is aromatic
and bitterish. It is used as a perfume. It has
been used as an excitant and diaphoretic.
Andropogon Nardus, Calamus Alexandrinus,
Nardus Indica — a. Schoenanthus, Junctus odora-
tus— a. Squarrosus, A. Muricatus.
ANDROSACE, Umbilicus marinus— a. Mat-
thioli. Umbilicus marinus.
ANDROSiEMUM, Hypericum perforatum.
ANDROTOMY, Andranatomia.
ANDRUM. An East India word, latinized
by Kaimpfer, signifying a kind of elephantiasis
of the scrotum, endemic in southern Asia.
ANEANTISSEMENT (F.), Vir'ium extinc'.
tio. This word is often employed hyperbolically,
by patients in France, to signify excessive fatigue,
debility or syncope.
ANEBIUM, Anchusa tinctoria.
ANEBUS, Impuber.
ANECPYE'TUS, from av, for nvev, 'without,'
and TTvto), ' I promote suppuration.' That which
does not suppurate, or is not likely to suppurate.
ANEGER'TICA, from aveyeipw (ava and cytipu),
'1 awaken.' The art of resuscitating the appa-
rently dead.
ANEILE'MA, Aneile'sis, from avu\e.a {ava and
eiXew), ' I roll up.' Applied particularly to the
motion of .air in the intestines and the tormina
accompanying it. — Hippocrates.
ANEILESIS, Aneilema.
ANEMIA, Anaemia.
ANEMO'NE, Wind Flotcer: from avepos, 'the
wind,' because it does not open its flowers until
blown upon by the wind.
ANEMONE DES BOIS, Anemone nemorosa.
Anemone Collina, A. Pulsatilla — a. Hepatica,
Hepatica triloba — a. Intermedia, A. Pulsatilla.
Anemone Ludoviciana, A. patens.
Anemo'nb Nemoro'sa, Ramui'cuhis alhus seu
nemero'sns, Wood Anemo'iiy. (F.) Anemone des
bois. Ocrf. Ranunculaceae. The herb and flowers
are poisonous, acrid, and corrosive. They have
been used as rubefpcients.
Anemo'ne Patens, A. Lndovieia'na, Puhatil'~
la patens; indigenous: from Illinois and Wis-
consin to the Rocky Mountains, is supposed to
possess similar properties.
ANEMO'Nii Praten'sis, A. Sylvcs'trig, Puhatil'.
la ni'gricans seu praten'sis. This plant has si-
milar properties with the last. It is also called
Meadow Anemony, (F.) Pulaatille noire, P. des
pres.
Anemo'ne Pdlsatil'la, A. Colli' na seu Inter.
me'dia seu Praten'sis seu liuhra, Pulsatil'la
vulgaris, Herha ventis, Nola culina'ria, Pasqne
flower, (F.)Cor]uelourde, possesses like properties.
Anemone Rubra, A. Pratensis— a. Rue-leaved,
ANEMONY
61
ANEURISM
Thalictrum anemonoides— a, Sylvestris, A. Pra-
tensis.
ANEMONY, Anemone hepatica — a. Meadow,
Anemone iiraten.sis — a.Wood, Anemone nemorosa.
AN HMOS, Wind.
ANENCEIMIALIA, see Anencephalus.
ANENCEPlIALOII^E'MIAJromav.privative,
tyxeipfiXus, 'cncephalon,' and aijua, ' blood.' De-
lect of blood in the bruin. Syncope.
ANENCEl'HALONEU'RIA, Atiencephalo-
nei'via, from ar, priv., tyKtipaUi, ' encephalon,'
and vivjiov, ' nerve.' Want of nervous action in
the encephalon.
ANENCEIMIALOTROPH'IA, from av, priva-
tive, {y>c£(/)aXof, ' the encephalon,' and rpoifjj, 'nou-
rishment.' Atrophy of the encephalon.
ANENCEPII'ALUS, from ap, privative, and
cyKt<pa\os, 'brain.' A monster devoid of brain.
— Bonctus, G. St. Hilaire. Also, one that has a
part only of the brain ;—Paraceph'alu8. The con-
dition has been called Auettcejihal'ia. A weak,
silly person. — Hippocrates.
ANENERGESIA, Debility.
ANENEIKJIA, Debility.
AXEXTERONEliVIE SATURNINE, see
Palsy, lead.
ANEPISCIIESIS, Incontinentia.
ANEPITIIYM'IA, from av, priv., and nri^vyna,
'desire.' Many nosologists have used this word
for a loss of the appetites, as of those of hunger,
thirst, venery, &c.
Anrpithymia Chlorosi.s, Chlorosis.
ANEK, avrip, genitive avSpos. A man.
ANERETllIS'IA, Ininitabil'!tns, from av,
priv., and £/)£0((7(j, 'irritability.' Defect of irrita-
bility.— Swediaur.
ANER V ISM IE, Paralysis.
ANERYTIIROP'SIA, from av, priv,, tpv^poi,
'red,' and oi/ij, 'vision.' Defective vision, which
consists in an incapability of distinguishing red.
ANESIS, Remission.
ANESTHEHIE, Anaesthesia.
ANESrilESIE EXT A TIQ (IE. The aggre-
gate of phenomena of impaired feeling produced
especially by the manipulations of the animal
magnetizer. — Andral.
ANESTHETIC, Anaesthetic.
ANESTHESIQUE, Anresthetic.
ANESTHETIZATION, Anaesthetization.
ANESON, Anethum.
ANESUM, Pimpiuella anisum.
ANET, Anethum.
ANETH, Anethum graveolens.
ANE'THUM, Ane'soH, Ane'ton, Ane'thiim Fce-
nic'uliim seu Sege'tuin seu Piperi'ttim, Fceiiic'ii-
lum, F. Dulce seu Officinale seu vulya're, Ligus'-
ticum faiiic' tilnm, Fan'culitm, Fennel or Finclde,
Miir'athrnm, Anet, Sweet Fennel, (Prov.) Spingel,
(P.) Fenouil ou Anis dour. Old. Umbelliferaj.
Sex. Si/st. Pentandria Digynia. The fruit, Fce-
nic'ulitin (Ph.U. S.), has an aromatic odour, and
warm, sweetish taste. It is carminative. The oil
— Oleum Fanic'uli — is officinal in the Ph. U. S.
The root is said to be pectoral and diuretic.
Anethum Fcexiculum, Anethum.
Anethum Ghavkot.ens, Anethum, A. horten'se,
Pastina'cit Anethum seu Graveolens, Fer'ula Gra-
veolens, Dill, (F.) Aneth, Fenouil pnant. A na-
tive of the south of Europe. The seeds are sti-
mulant and carminative. A distilled water —
Aqua ane'thi, Dill-icater — is officinal in the Lon-
don and Edinburgh Pharmacopoeias. Dose, gr.
XV to 3J.
Oleum Ane'thi, Oil of Dill, (F.) Huile d' Aneth,
possesses the carminative properties of the plant.
Anethitm Pastinac-\, Pastinaca Sativa — a.
Piperituni, Anethum — a. Scgetum, Anethum.
ANETICUS, Anodyne.
ANETON, Anethum.
ANETUS, Intermittent fever — a. Quartanu?,
Quartan — a. Quotidianus, Quotidian — a. Tertia-
nus, Tertian fever.
ANEURAL'GICON, from a, privative, vcvpov,
'nerve,' and aXyos, 'pain.' A name given by Dr.
C. T. Downing to an instrument used by him to
allay pain in nerves. It is a kind of fumigating
appiu-atus, in which dried narcotic and othe'r
herbs are burnt, the heated vapour being directed
to any part of the body.
ANEURIA, Paralysis.
AN'EVRlSyi, Aneurys' ma, Anetiri/n'mus, Aneu-
rie'mn, Cedmu, from afcvpvvetv, (ava, and cvfjvviiv,)
' to dilate or distend.' Dilnta'tio Arteria'rum,
Ecta'sia, Emborys'rna, Exuniji'a aueuris'ma, Ar-
terieurys'ma, Arterenrys'ma, Hamntoce'le arte-
rio'sa, Ahsces'sua apirituo'sus, Arteritc'tasis, (F.)
Anevrysme, Aneurisme. Properly, Aneurism sig.
nifies a tumour, produced by the dilatation of an
artery ; but it has been extended to various lesions
of arteries, as well ajs to dilatations of the heart.
There are various kinds of aneurism. The fol-
lowing are the chief:
I. When the blood, which forms the tumour, is
enclosed within the dilated coats of the artery.
This is the true Aneurism, Aneuryn' ma verum.
Hernia Arteria'rum, (F.) Anevrysme vrai.
II. When the blood has escaped from the
opened artery, it is called spurious or false
Aneurism, Aneuris'ma spu'rium, Ruptn'ra Arte'-
ricR, Arteriorrhex'is, Arteriodial'ysis, Ecchymo'-
ma arterio'sum, (F.) Anevrysme faux. The latter
is divided into three varieties:
1. Diffused False Aneurism, (P.) Anivrysme
faux, primitif, diffus, noncirconscrit ou par infil-
tration, which occurs immediately after the divi-
sion or rupture of an artery, and consists of an
extravasation of blood into the areolar texture
of the part.
2. Circumscribed False Aneurism, (F.) Anev-
rysme faux cousevutif circonscrit ou par epanche-
ment, enkystiow sacciforme, tumeur hemorrhagiale
circonscrite, in which the blood issues from the
vessel some time after the receipt of the wound,
and forms itself a sac in the neighbouring areolar
membrane.
3. An'eurism by Anastomo'sis, Yar'icose or Cir-
coid An'eurism, PhlebarteriodiaU ysis, Ancurys'-
ma veno' so-arterio' sum, A. varico'sum, (F. ) Anev-
rysme par anastomose ou variquenx, A. par ero-
sion, A. de Pott, A. des plus jtetites arterea, which
arises from the simultaneous wounding of an ar-
tery and vein; — the arterial blood passing into
the vein, and producing a varicose state of it.
III. Mixed Aneurism, {F.) Anevrysmemixte, is
that which arises from the dilatation of one or two
of the coats, with division or rupture of the other.
Some authors have made two varieties of this :
1. Mixed external Aneurism, where the internal
and middle coats are ruptured, and the areolar is
dilated.
2. Mixed internal Aneurism, in which the inter-
nal coat is dilated, and protrudes, like a hernial
sac, through the ruptured middle and outer coats.
This variety has been ca,\led Aneui-ya'tna Jler'niam
Arte'ricB sistens.
Aneurisms have been termed traumat'ic or ex-
og"enous, and sjjonta'netius, according as they may
have been caused by a wound, or have originated
spontaneously. The latter, when originating from
lesions of the inner coats of arteries, have been
termed endog"enous. They have also been di-
vided into internal and external.
The internal aneurisms are situate in the great
splanchnic cavities, and occur in the heart and
great vessels of the chest, abdomen, &c. Their
diagnosis is difiScult, and they are often inacces-
sible to surgical treatment.
ANEURISMA
62
ANGEIOrLANIA
The external aneurisms are situate at the exte-
rior of the head, neck, and limbs, and are dis-
tinctly pulsatory.
Aneurisms, especially the internal, may be
combated by a debilitaiit treatment, on the plan
of Valsalva, which consists in repeated blood-
letting, with food enough merely to support life.
In external aneurism, the artery can be oblite-
rated. This is usually done by applying a liga-
ture above the aneurismal tumour.
Aneuuis.m, Dissecting, is one in which, owing
to rupture of the inner and middle coats of an
artery, the blood makes itself a channel between
these coats and the outer coat.
In many cases, the lesion appears to consist in
a separation of the lamina of the middle coat,
between which the blood forms itself a channel.
Ankorisms of the Heart, Cardion'chi, Car-
dieurys'ma, (F.) Anivrysmes du cixur, have been
divided into active and passive. The former can
scarcely be esteemed aneurisms, as they most
commonly consist of increased thickness of the
parietes of the heart, which diminishes its cavity
instead of increasing it. The term Mi/pertrophy
of the heart better indicates their character.
Passive aneurism, Cardiec'tasis, on the contrary,
is attended with extenuation of the parietes of
the organ, and enlargement of the cavities. The
physical signs of dilatation of the heart are the
following : — The action of the heart is not visible,
and no impulse is conveyed to the hand. On
percussion, there is a loss of resonance over a
larger surface than usual, but the dulness is much
less intense than that which accompanies hyper-
trophy. On auscultation, the action of the heart
is only slightlj' felt, and communicates at once
the impression of its diminished power. The im-
pulse is feebler than usual. Both sounds are widely
transmitted over the thorax, and are not much
fainter at a distance from their point of origin.
Partial or true aneurism of the Heart — Cardi-
ec'tasis partia'lis, Aneurys'ma consecuti'vum cor-
dis— is sometimes seen ; rarely, however.
The name Aneurism of the Valves of the Heart
has been given to pouch-like projections of the
valves into the auricles.
Aneurism by Anastomosis, see Aneurism —
a. Brasdor's operation for, see Brasdor — a.
Circoid, see Aneurism — a. Endogenous, see
Aneurism, and Endogenous — a. Exogenous,
see Aneurism, and Exogenous — a. External,
see Aneurism — a. False, see Aneurism — a.
False, circumscribed, see Aneurism — a. False,
diffused, see Aneurism — a. Internal, see Aneurism
— a. Mixed, see Aneurism — a. Mixed, external,
see Aneurism — a. Mixed, internal, see Aneurism
— a. Spontaneous, see Aneurism — a. Spurious, see
Aneurism — a. Traumatic, see Aneurism — a. True,
see Aneurism — a. Valsalva's method of treating,
see Aneurism — a. Varicose, see Aneurism.
ANEURISMA, Aneurism.
ANEURIS'MAL, Aneurys'mal, Aneurismat'ic,
Aneurysmal' icus, Aneuriama' lis. That which be-
longs to Aneurism.
Aneurismal Sac or Cyst, (F.) Sac ou Kyste
anSvrysmal, is a sort of pouch, formed by the
dilatation of the coats of an artery, in which the
blood, forming the aneurismal tumour, is con-
tained.
ANEURISMATIC, Aneurismal.
ANEURYSM, Aneurism.
ANEURYSMA, Aneurism — a. Cordis activum.
Heart, hypertrophy of the — a, Herniam arteriae
sistens, see Aneurism — a. Si)urium, see Aneurism
— a. Varicosum, see Aneurism — a. Venoso-arte-
riosuin, see Aneurism — a. Verum, see Aneurism.
ANEURYSME, Aneurism.
ANEURYSMUS, Aneurism, Dilatation.
ANEVKIA, Paralysis.
ANEVRYSME, Aneurism — n. de V Aorta,
Aorteurysma — a. de Putt, see Aneurism— o. dea
plus petites Artires, see Aneurism — a. Circonscrit,
see Aneurism — a. Diffus, see Aneurism — a. En-
kyst^, see Aneurism — «. Faux, see Aneurism —
a. Faux consecutif, see Aneurism — a. Mixte, see
Aneurism — o. par Anastomose, see Aneuri^sm — a,
par Epanchement, see Aneurism — a.par Erosion,
see Aneurism — a. 2)<tr Infiltration, see Aneurism
— n. Primitif, see Aneurism — a. Sacciforme, see
Aneurism — a. Variqueux, see Aneurism — a. Vrai,
see Aneurism.
ANEYS, see Pimpinclla anisum.
ANFION, Maslach. ^ ,
ANFUACTUOSITES CEREBRALES, An-
fractuosities, cerebral — a. Ethmo'idales, see An-
fractuosity.
ANFRACTUOS'ITY'', Anfrac'tus, Sulcus, from
am, 'around,' iinilfrangere,fractum, 'to break.'
A groove or furrow. Used in anatomy to signify
sinuous depressions or sulci, of greater or less
depth, like those which separate the convolutions
of the brain from each other. These
Anfractuositiks, Cerebral, A»y>ocV«« Cer'-
ehri, (F.) Anfractuosites Oerebrales, are always
narrow, and deeper at the upper surface of the
brain than at its base ; and are lined by a pro-
longation of the pia mater.
The Ethmoid Cells are, sometimes, called An-
frortuosites ethmoidales.
ANFRACTUS, Anfractuosity — a. Cerebri, An-
fractuosities, (cerebral.)
ANGECTASIA, Angiectasis.
ANGEIAL, Vascular.
ANGEIECTASIA, Angiectasis.
ANGEIECTASIS, Angiectasis.
ANGEIECTOMA, Angiectasis.
ANGEIOG'RAPHY, Angiotfraphy, Angeio-
graph'ia, from ayyuov, ' sl vessel,' and ypaipij, 'a
description.' The anatomy of the vessels.
ANGEIOHYDROG'RAPHY, Angiohydrog'.
raphy, Angeiondrog' rap)hy, Angeiohydrogra'phin,
Hydrangiogrnph' ia, trom ayyctov, 'a vessel,' 'vSmji,
'water,' and ypu^oj, 'I describe.' A treatise on
the lymphatics.
ANGEIOIIYDROT'OMY, Angiohydrot'omy,
Angeiondrot'omy, Angeiohydrotom'ia, Hydran-
giotom'ia, from ayy^iov, 'a vessel,' 'viiop, ' water,'
and Tf/jvciv, ' to cut.' Dissection of the lymphatics.
ANGEIOLEUCI'TIS, Angioleuci'tis, ' Anyio-
lymphi'tis, Lymphange'i'tis, Lyniphangi'tis, Lym-
phangioi'tis, Hydrangei'tis, Lymphi'tis, Lympha-
ti'tis, Inflamma'tio vaso'rum lymphatico'rum, i'rom
ayyuQv, ' a vessel,' \ivKoii, ' white,' and itis, inflam-
mation. (F.j Injiammation des vaisseaux iympha-
tiques ou des tissus hlancs. Inflammation of the
lymphatics; lymphatic or scrofulous inflamma-
tion.
ANGEIOL'OGY", Angiol'ogy, Anr,eiolog"ia,
from ayyuov, 'a vessel,' and ^oyo^, 'a discourse.'
A discourse on the vessels. The anatomy of the
vessels. It includes Arteriol'ogy, PUebol'ogy,
and Angeiohydrol'ogy.
ANGEIOMALA'CIA, Angiomala'cia, from
ayyuov, 'a vessel,' and ixaKaKta, 'softening.' Mol-
lescence or softening of vessels.
ANGEIOMYCES, Ha;matodes fungus
ANGEION, Vessel.
ANGEIONDROGRAPHY, Angeiohydrogra-
phy-
ANGEIONDROTOMY, Angeiohydrotomv.
ANGEIONOSUS, Angeiopathia.
ANGEIONUSUS, Angeiopathia.
ANGEIOPATHI'A, Angiopathi'a, Angeion'-
osus, Angeionu'sus, Angio'sis, from ayyuov, ' a
vessel,' and ?r«9os, 'a disease.' Disease of the
vessels.
ANGEIOPLA'NIA,.4»r//o2;?c<';u-a,fromayj,£,ov,
ANGEIOPLEROSIS
G3
ANGINA
a vessel,' and nXavr,, 'error.' Anomaly in the
structure and distribution of vessels,
AN(;EI0PLER0SIS, Plethora.
ANGKIOI'YKA, Synocha.
ANaKIOURHAUIA, llajinorrhagia activa.
AN(iE10KRII(E'A, An^iorrha-',,, (F.) An-
geiorrhee ; from ayyciov, 'a vessel,' and ptu, 'I
flow.' p!i.«sive hemorrhage.
ANGEIOSIS, An-io?is.
AN(iEIOSTE«NOSIS, Angieraphraxis.
ANGEIOSTENOSIS, Angicmphraxis.
ANGEIOSTEO'SIS, An<ji„>,tu'ais from ayyuov,
'a vessel,' and uaTtiuots, 'ossification.' Ossiticu-
tion of vessels.
ANGEIOSTROPHE, see Torsion.
ANGEIOTELECTASIA, Telangiectasia.
ANUEIOT'OMY, AiKjwt'onnj, Awjeiotnm'ia,
from ayyuov, 'a vessel,' and rtjjivtiv, 'to cut.'
Dissection of vessels.
ANUEI'TIS, Aiitjn'tin, Anrji'oi'tis, Inflommn'-
tio vaHo'ritm, (P.) Aii;/ei/e, from ayyuov, 'a vessel,'
and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation
of vessels in general.
ANGEL-BREAD. A kind of purgative cake,
formerly made of spurge, ginger, flour and oat-
meal.— lialliwell.
ANGELIC ROOT, Angelica lucida.
ANGEL'ICA, Angel'ica Archanfjvl' ica seu
Ilispa'na seu Sati'va, Archamjel' tea officliirt'lin,
Garden Angelica, (F.) Aiigeliqiic, Racine de Saint
Usprit. So called from its supposed angelic vir-
tues. Ord. Umbelliferffi. SejL-. Synt. Pontandria
Digynia. Native of Lapland. The roots, stalk,
leaves, and seed, are aromatic and carminative.
A sweetmeat is made of the root, which is
agreeable.
Angklica AncnANGELiCA, Angelica.
Angelica ATUoi'URPD'nEA, Angelica (Ph.
U. S.), J/anteriBort. An indigenous species, grow-
ing over the whole United States, and admitted
into the secondary list of the Pharmacopoeia of
the United States. Virtues, same as those of
the Angelica of Europe.
Angelica Lkvisticum, Ligustieura levisticum.
Angelica Lu'cida, Angel'ic root, Bellyache
root, Nendo, White root, an indigenous plant, the
root of which is bitterish, subaerid, fragrant,
aromatic, stomachic, and tonic. Also, Ligusticum
actaiifolium.
Angelica Nendo, Ligusticum actaeifolium.
Angelica Officinalis. Iinperatoria — a. Palu-
dapifolia, Ligusticum levisticum — a. Sativa, An-
gelica, A. sylvestris.
Angelica Sylves'tris, A. snti'vn, Scli'nian
Sylves'tre seu Angel'ica seu Puhes'cens, Irnjyera-
to'ria Sylves'tris seu Angelica, Wild Angel'ica,
(F.) Angeliqne sauvage. Possesses similar pro-
perties to the last, but in an inferior degree. The
seeds, powdered and put into the hair, are used
to destroy lice. Also, Ligusticum podagraria.
Angelica Tree, Araiia spinosa.
ANGELI'NyE CORTEX. The bark of a
Grcmida tree, which has been recommended as
anthelmintic and cathartic.
ANfiJiLf QUE, Angelica. — a. Sauvage, Angel-
ica sylvestris.
ANGELOCACOS. Myrobalnnus.
AN(5EMPIIRAXIS, Angicmphraxis.
AXGIAIRHYDltlE, Asphyxia by submer-
sion. ,
ANGTARHEMTE. Haemoptysis.
ANGIA URHA (HE. IFaMnoptvsis.
ANGlBROMELMIXrillE, Worms (intes-
tinal).
ANGTCHOLOLITHE, Calculi, biliary.
ANGIDIECTASIA. Trichangiectasia.
ANGIDIOSPONGUS, Uiematodes fungus.
ANGIECTASIA VENOSA, Varix.
ANGIEC'TASIS, Angeiecla'aia. Angecta'nia,
Angieurye'ma, Angeiecto'ma, Aiigiodian'tagis, from
ayyuov, 'a vessel,' and tfTatrK,' dilatation.' Dila-
tation of vessels. — Griife and Alibert. See
Telangiectasia.
ANGIEMPIIRAX'IS, Avgemphrax'i,, Angei.
osteno'nis, Angeioslegno'ais, from ayyctov, ' a ves-
sel,' and efifpa'.,is, ' obstruction.' Obstruction of
vessels.
ANGIEIJRYSMA, Angiectasis.
ANGIITE, Inflammation, Angeitis.
ANGIITIS, Angeitis.
ANGI'NA, Febris Aiigino'sa, htlimi'tis. Quin-
sy or Sore Throat; from augere, 'to choke.'
Inflammation of the supru-diapliragmatic portion
of the alimentary canni, and of the air passages.
The Latin writers applied the term to every dis-
ease in which deglutition or respiration, sepa-
rately or united, was affected, provided that such
affection was above the stomach and lungs. —
Boerhave speaks of the angina of the moribund,
which is nothing more than the dysphagia or
difiicult deglutition preceding death. See Cy-
nanche.
Angina ApniHOSA, Aphthae— a. Aquosa, Oilde-
ma of the glottis — a. Broncliialis, Bronchitis— a.
Canina, Cynanche trachealis — a. Cordis, Angina
|iectoris — a. cum Tumore, Cynanche tonsillaris —
a. Epidemiea, Cynanche maligna — a. Epiglot-
tidea, Epiglottitis — a. Erysipelatosa, Erytliraneho
a. Exsmlatorin, Cynanche trachealis — a. Externa,
Cynanche parotidaea— a. Faucium, Isthmitis — a.
Faucium Maligna, Cynanche maligna — a. Folli-
culosa of the pharynx, IMiaryngitis, follicular —
a. Gangricnosa, Cynanche maligna— a. llumida,
Cynanche trachealis — a. Inflammatoria, Cynan-
che, Cynanche trachealis — a. Laryngea, Laryn-
gitis— a. Laryngea CE<lematosa, (Edema of tho
glottis — a. Linguaria, Glossitis — a. Maligna, An-
gina pellicularis, Cynanche maligna. Pharyngitis,
diphtheritic — a. Maxillaris, Cynanche parotidaea
— a. Membranacea, Cynanche trachealis — a.
Mitis, Isthmitis.
Angi'na Nasa'lis, Nnsi'tis posti'ca. An in-
flammation of the posterior portion of the ^'chnci-
derian membrane lining the nose. Also, Coryza.
Angi'na ffinEMATo'sA, (F.) Angine adema-
tense, (Edeuie de la Glolte. An oedematous swell-
ing of the glottis, the effect of chronic cynanche
laryngea. See (Edema of the Glottis.
Angina Palatina, Ilyperoitis — a. Paralytica,
Pharyngoplegia — a. Parotidaea Externa, Cynan-
che parotidffia.
Angi'na Pec'toris, A. cordis, Sternal'gia,
Asthma spastico-artlirit'icnm iucon'slans. Asthma
diaphragmat'icum, Arthri'tis diaphragmatica ,
Orthopnw'a cardi'aca, Sternodyn'ia syueop'tiea
et pal'pitans, S. syncopa'lis, Cardiog'nius cordis
sinis'tri, Asthetii'a pectora'lis, Angor pec'toris,
Stcnocar'dia, Diaphragmat'ic gout. Asthma con-
vulsi'vnm. Asthma arthriticnm. Card ionenral'gia ,
Neural' gia hrach iothornc"ica, U yperasth e' sia,
plejcus cardi'aci, A. dolori/'icum. Syncope arigi-
no'sa seu angens, Cardiod'yne spasmod'icu inter-
mit'tens, Pnigopho'hia, Prunel'la, Suspir'ium
cardi'acum, Pnenmonal'gia, Suffocative Brrant-
pang, (F.) Angine de Poitrine, Necrose du Vceur.
A disease, the precise }>athology of which is not
known. The principal symptoms are. violent
pain about the sternum, extending towards the
arms, anxiety, dyspna?a, and sense of suffoca-
tion. It is an affection of great danger, juid is
often connected with ossification, or other morbid
condition of the heart. It appears to he neuropp.-
thic, and has been termed Neuralgia of the Heart.
Some, however, employ this last term for an
acutely painful intermittent affection of the heart,
which seems to differ from angina pectoris more
ANGINE GUTTURALE
6 4
ANGONE
in regarfl to the small number of parts which are
drawn into morbid consent with the affected car-
diac nerves, than in regard either to its nature
or appropriate treatment. The most powerful
stimulating and narcotic antispasmodics are re-
quired during the paroxysm.
Angi'ka Pellicula'ius, A. malig'na, Biptlie-
ri'tis of the throat. A name given to those in-
flammations about the throat, in which exuda-
tions or false membranes are thrown out during
the phlogosis of the mucous membranes. AphthcB,
Tracheitii, when accompanied with the membra-
niforra exudation, are, with some, examples of
diphtheritic inflammation.
Anoina Peuvioiosa, Cynanche trachealis — a.
Pestilentialis, Pharyngitis, diphtheritic — a. Poly-
posis, Cynanche trachealis — a. Polyposaseu Mem-
branacea, Cynanche trachealis— a. Pseudo-raem-
branosa. Pharyngitis, diphtheritic — a. Pulposa,
Cynanche trachealis — a. Sanguinea, Cynanche
tonsillaris.
Angixa Sicca, (F.) Amjine Seche, is a chronic
inflammation of the pharynx, with a distressing
sense of dryness and heat, in chronic diseases of
the stomach and lungs. See Paedanchone.
Angina Suiplex, Isthmitis.
Angina Squirro'sa, (F.) Anr/iue squirrense,
consists in difiiculty of deglutition, caused by
scirrhous disorganization of the pharynx or oeso-
phagus, or by enlarged tonsils.
Angina Strangiilatoria, Cynanche trache-
alis— a. Strepitosa, Cynanche trachealis-^-a. Suf-
focatoria, Cynanche trachealis — a. Synochalis,
Cynanche tonsillaris — a. Thyreoidea, Thyreoitis
— a. Tonsillaris, Cynanche tonsillaris — a. Tra-
chealis, Cynanche trachealis — a. Ulcerosa, Cy-
nanche maligna — a. Uvularis, Staphyloedema,
Uvulitis — a. Vera et Legitima, Cynanche ton-
sillaris.
ANGINE GUTTURALE, Cynanche tonsil-
laris— a. Laryugee, Laryngitis — a. Larync/ee et
tracheule, Cynanche trachealis — a. Larynyee cede-
mnteuse. ffidemaof the glottis — a. Q^Hophagieniie,
CEsophagitis — a.Phnrynyee, Cynanche parotidaea
— a. de Puitriiie, Angina pectoris — a. Seche, An-
gina sicca^a. Simple, Isthmitis — a. Squirreuse,
Angina Squirrosa — a. Tonsillaire, Cynanche ton-
sillaris.
ANGINEUX, Angino.-e.
ANGINO'SE, Angino o\(», (F.) Anginenx. Re
lating or appertaining tc angina ; as Scarlati'na
anginii'sri.
ANGIOCARDI'TIS, from ayyttov, 'a vessel,'
and carditis, ' inflammation of the heart.' In-
flammation of the heart and great vessels.
ANGIODIASTASIS, Angiectasis.
ANG IO<JR APIIY, Angeiography.
ANOrOHEMIE, Hyperemia.
ANGIOHYDROGRAPHY, Angeiohydrogra-
phv.
ANGIOHYDROTOMY, Angeiohydrotomy.
ANGIOITIS. Angeitis.
ANGIOLEUCITIS, Angeioleucitis.
ANGIOLOGY, Angeiology.
ANGIOLYMPIIITIS, Angeioleucitis.
ANGIOMALACIA, Angeiomalacia.
ANGIOMYCES, Haematodes fungus.
ANGIONOSUS, Angeiopathia.
ANGIONUSUS, Angeiopathia.
ANGIOPATHIA, Angeiopathia.
ANGIOPLANIA, Angeioplania.
ANGIOPLEROSIS, Plethora.
ANGIOPYRA, Svnocha.
ANGIORRIIAGIA, Haemorrhagia activa.
ANGIORRHCEA, Angeiorrhoea.
ANGIO;^IS, Angiopathia.
ANGIOSTEGNOSrS, Angieraphraxis.
ANGIOSTRXOSIS, Angiemphraxis.
ANGIOSTOSIS, Angeiostosis.
ANGIORTROPIIE. see Torsion.
ANGIOTKLECTASIA, Telangiectasia.
AXGIOTEN'IC, Aiigeiuten'ic, Aiigioten'iciit
seu Aiigeioten'icus, from ayyuov, 'a. vessel,' and
Tuvuv, ' to extend.' An epithet given to inflain-
matry fever, owing to its action seeming to be
chiefly exerted on the vascular system.
A>JGIOTOMY, Angeiotomy.
ANGLE, Ait'gulns, from ayKv'Xoi, 'a hook.'
The space between two lines which meet in a
point.
Angle, Fa'cial, pointed out by Camper, is
formed by the union of two lines, one of which
is drawn from the most prominent part of the
forehead to the alveolar edge of the upper jaw,
opposite the incisor teeth — the facial line — and
the other from the meatus auditorius externus to
the same point of the jaw. According to the
size of the angle it has been attempted to appre-
ciate the respective proportions of the cranium
and face, and, to a certain extent, the degree of
intelligence of individuals and of animals. In
the white varieties of the species, this angle is
generally 80° ; in the negro not more than 70°,
and sometimes only 6u°. As we descend the
scale of animals, the angle becomes less and less ;
until, in fishes, it nearly or entirely disappears.
Animals which have the snout long, and faaial
angle small, such as the snipe, crane, stork, <Scc.,
are proverbially foolish, at least they are so
esteemed; whilst intelligence is ascribed to those
in which the angle is more largely developed, as
the elephant and the owl. In these last animals,
however, the large facial angle is caused by the
size of the frontal sinuses : — so that this mode of
appreciating the size of the brain is very inexact,
and cannot be depended upon.
The following is a table of the angle in man
and certain animals :
FACIAL ANGLES.
Man from 68° to 8S° and more.
Sapajou 65
Orang-Utang 56 to 58
Guenon 57
Mandrill 30 to 42
Coati 28
Pole-Cat 31
Pug-Dog 35
Mastiff 41
Hare 30
Kam 30
Horse 23
Angle, Occipital, of Daubenton, is formed
by a line drawn from the posterior margin of the
foramen magnum to the inferior margin of the
orbit, and another drawn from the top of the
head to the space between the occipital condyles.
In man, these condyles, as well as the foramen
magnum, are so situate, that a line drawn per-
pendicular to them would be a continuation of
the spine; but in animals they are placed more
or less obliquely ; and the perpendicular is ne-
cessarily thrown farther forward, and the angle
rendered more acute.
Angle, Optic, (F.) Angle optiqne, is the angle
formed by two lines, which shave the extremities
of an object, and meet at the centre of the pupil.
ANGNAIL, HangnaiL
ANGOISSE, Angor.
ANGOLAM. A very tall Malabar tree, which
possesses vemiifuge properties.
AN'GONE, properly An'chnne, from ayxii, 'I
choke.' Axaii'roiiie, Hi/sterapopnijc'ix, Ifys'tero-
pni.r, Prafnca'tio Fau'ciiim seu Uteri'iia seu
Matri'cio, Strangidn'tio uteri'iia, Siiffoca'tio ute-
ri'na seu hyHter'ica, Glubux seu NodtiH hyuter'icHi,
Orthnpnce'a hyster'ica, Dyspha'gia globo'm seU
hijxtcr'ica, Ncrvom Qidnxy. A feeling of strangu-
lation, with dread of suffocation. It is commoa
ANGOR
6 5
ANIMAL
in hysterical females, and is accompanied wilh a
sensation as if a ball arose from the abdomen to
the throat.
AN(JOR, Anfjuinh, (¥.) Anr]ohse, Extreme
anxiety, accompanied with painful constriction
at the ei)igastrium, and often with palpitation
and oppression. It is frequently an unfavour-
able symptom.
Angoii, Agony, Orthopnoea — a. Faucium, Isth-
mitis — a. Pectoris, Angina pectoris.
ANGOS, Bubo, Uterus, Vessel.
ANdOSrURE VRAIE, Cusparia febrifuga.
AN(iOUIlIOX, Cucumis sativus.
AN(}i:iS, Serpent.
ANdUKSH, Angor.
Anguish, Fkbhilk, Angor Fehri'Us. The com-
bination of weariness, pain, anxiety, and weak-
ness affecting the head and neclc, which is so ge-
nerally observed at the commencement of fever.
ANGULAIRE BE L'OilOPLATE, Levator
scapula-.
AN'OULAR, Angula'ris, from angulitu, 'an
angle,' (F.) Aiif/idnlre. That which relates to
an angle.
Angular Autkry and Vein. A name given,
1. to the termination of the facial artery and
vein, because they pass by the greater angle of
the eye; and, 2. to the facial artery and vein
themselves, because they pass under the angle
of the jaw. Sec Facial.
Angular Nervk is a filament furnished by
the inferior maxillary, which passes near the
greater angle of the eye.
Angular Prochsses of the frontal bone are
seated near the angles of the eyes. See Orbitar.
ANGULARIS, Levator scapulas.
AXGULI- SCAPULO - HUMERAL, Teres
major.
ANGULUS COSTiE, see Costa — a. Ocularis,
Canthus.
ANUUUIA. Cucurbita citrullus.
AN(!lISTATrO, Arctatio— a. Cordis, Systole—
a. lutt'.-itini recti vel Ani, Stricture of the rectum.
ANGUS'TIA, Angusta'tio, Stenocho'ria. Anx-
iety, narrowness, strait, constriction.
Anoustia Abdominalis, Pelvis, (Brim) — a.
PerinKalis, Pelvis, (Outlet.)
ANGUSTUKA, Cusparia febrifuga— a. False,
Brucea antidysenterica, and Strychnos nux vo-
mica— a. Spuria, Brucea antidysenterica, and
Strychnos.
ANGUSTURE, FAUSSE, Brucea antidysen-
terica— a. Ferriigiiieiise, Brucea antidysenterica
— a. Vrnic, Cusparia febrifuga.
A NG ( 'S TUR IXE, Brucine.
ANILEMATOSIA, Asphyxia, Anaemia.
ANIl.EMIA, Anwmia.
ANHAPHIA. Anaphia.
ANHELA'TIO, from anhelo, 'I pant.' An-
heVituK, Aas'mus, Panting, Gaspi?ig, Aiihelntion,
(Sc.) Ilecli, Hegh, (Prov.) Giin, Kawing, Peck-
ing, (F.) EsHDiiJJicmtnt. Short and rapid breath-
ing. See Dyspnoea.
Anhclntio is sometimes employed synony-
raouslv with asthma.
ANilHLITUS, Breath.
ANHKMA rOSIE, Anajmia, Asphyxia,
ANHEMIE, Anajmia.
ANIIIS'TOUS, from a, av, privative, and 'icrrot,
'organic texture,' 'yLiorf/fDwV.' Amor'phns. The
tuntca decidua uteri is termed by Velpeau the
uiihislonn niemliyaiie.
ANHUIBA. Lauras sassafras.
ANIIYDR^E'MIA, Ancemijd' ria, from av, pri-
vative, 'w(5u)p, 'water,' and 'ai/ia, 'blood.' A con-
dition of the blood in which there is a diminution
\\\ the quantity of the serum.
AXllYr>ROMYEL'IA, from av, priv., 'uoui^,
'water,' and //ueXof, 'marrow.' Deficiency or
absence, in the spinal cavity, of the cephalo-spi-
nal fluid.
ANICE'TOX, Anice'tum, ifesia'mnm, from a,
privative, and mkti, 'victory,' 'invincible.' A
plaster much extolled by the ancients in cases
of achores. It was formed of litharge, cerusse,
thus, alum, turpentine, white pepper, and oil.
A N I'D E US, from av, privative, and £(5of,
'shape.' Aiiiorphus. A monster devoid of shape.
— .1. G. St. Hilaire.
ANIDRO'SLS, from a, privative, and 'tSpu>i,
'sweat.' Siiclo'ris nul'litas vel jirivi'tio. Ab-
sence of sweat. Deficiency of perspiration. —
Hippocrates.
ANILEMA, Borborygmus, Tormina.
ANILESIS, Borborygmus, Tormina.
AXILITAS, sec Dementia.
AN'IJMA, Aii'imus, Jlens, Payclie. The mind,
breath, &c., from aveiio;, 'wind or breath.' (F.)
Anie. The principle of the intellectual and moral
manifestations. Also, the principle of life — the
life of plants being termed An'ima vcgetnti'vn,
(F.) Ame vegetative ; that of man, An'ima sensi-
ti'vn, (F.) Atiie sensitive.
The Aninia of Stahl, An'ima Stnlilin'na. was a
fancied intelligent principle, which he supposed
to preside over the phenomena of life, — like the
Arrhmiia of Van Jlelmont.
Under the term Anima viundi, the ancient phi-
losophers meant a universal Spirit, which they
supposed spread over every part of the uni-
verse.
The precise seat of the mind in the brain h.ns
given rise to many si)eculutions. The point is
unsettled.
With the ancient chemists, Anima meant the
active principle of a drug separated by some
chemical management.
Anima Ai,oks : see Aloes Succotorina — a. Ar-
ticLilorum, Hermodactylus — a. Hepatis, Ferri sul-
phas— a. Pulmonum, Crocus — a. Rhei, Iiifusum
rhei — a. Stahliana, see Anima — a. Vegetativa,
Plastic force.
AN'OIAL, Zijon. A name given to every
animated being. Most animals have the power
of locomotion ; some can merely execute par-
tial movements, such as contraction and dila-
tation. In other respects it is often a matter
of difBculty to determine what is an animal
oharaetoristic. The study of animals is called
Zool'og>i.
An'imal, Anima'Us. That which concerns, or
belongs to, an animal.
Animal Hkat, Calor anima'Us seu nati'vus,
CaVidnm anima' le seu inna'tiim, Bioh/ch'nion.
Flam'mnla vita'lis, Therma em'phyttim, Thermvvi
em'phi/tnm, Ignis anima'Us seu natiira'lis seu
vita'lis, (F.) Chalcnr animate, is the caloric con-
stantly formed by the body of a living animal,
by virtue of which it preserves nearly the same
temperature, whatever may be that of the me-
dium in which it is placed. This formation
seems to take place over the whole of the body,
and to be connected with the action of nutrition.
The following are the natural temperatures of
certain animals; that of man being 98° or 100°.
Animals. Temperaturt.
Arctic Fox 107
Arctic Wolf ) JQ5
Squirrel /
"»•* • I 104
Whale J
Arctomys citillas, zizU — iu summer.- 103
Do. when torpid 80 to 84
Goat 103
Bat. in summer ~. 1 iao
Musk i
Marmota bobae— 5o6(ic 101 or 102
House mouse 101
ANIMALCULA
GG
ANISOTACIIYS
:::[
AxiMALS. Temptratur .
Arctomys marmota, marmot,— in summer... 1' 1 or 102
Do. when torpid '^,„.
Rabbit ^ 0 ^ 101
Polar Boar 1"0
Dog 1
Cat ....
Swine"::;;:::::::::::::::::::::;::::::::;::::: \ loo to los
Sheep
Ox J
Guinea-pig.: :..: 100 to 102
Arctomys glis ^'^
Shrew ^^
Youns wolf. 96
Frin^illa artica, Arctic finch \ \\\
)lubecoIa. redbreast J
Frinj^illa linaria, Jcsser red poM ••• HO or 111
Falco palumbarius, (7os/iai«/i;
Caprimul^'us Europaeus, European goat-
svtcker ,
Emberiza nivalis, snow-bunting 109 to 110
Falco lanarius, lanner
Fringilla carduelis, goldfinch
Corvus corax. »'ai'cre
Turdus, thrush, (of Ceylon,)
Tetrao perdix, partridge
Anas clypoata, shovehr
Tringa pupcnax, ruffe
Scolopax limo.sa, lesser godwit
'I'etrao tetrix, grouse
Fringilla brumalis, winterfinch ,
Loxia pyrrhula
Falco nisus, sparrowhawk
Vultur biirbatus
Anser pulchricollis
Colymbus auritus, dusky grebe
Trinf^a ranellus, lapming, wounded,
Tetrao la?:opu.'<, ptarmigan
Fringilla domestica, 7(Oz/.5e sparrou) 107 to 111
Strix papserina, ?iWe owl
Haematopus ostralegus, sea-pie....
Anas penelope, widgeon J- 106
Anas strepera, gadwall ,
relceanus carbo
Falco ossifra:.?us, seaeagle
Fulica atra, coot }■ 105
Anas acuta, pintail-duch
t'alco milvus, kite, (wounded,) ) jq^
jMerops apiaster, bee-eater )
Goose
Htfn
Dove
Duck
Ardea stellaris
Falco albicoUis
I'icus major
Cossns liguiperda
Shark
Torpedo marmorata
100
109
108
107
103 to 107
103
) to 91
83
74
Animal Kingdom, (F.) Eigne Animal, com-
prises all animated beings.
Animal Layer, see TacJie emhryonnaire — a.
Masrnetism, see Magnetism, animal.
ANIMALCULA SEMINALIA, Spermatozoa
— a. Spermatica, Spermatozorl.
ANIMAL'CULE, Animal'cidum ; diminutive
of animal. A small animal. An animal well
seen only by means of the microscope.
ANIMALCULES, SEMINAL, Spermatozoa—
a. Spermatic, Spermatozoa.
ANIMALCULISM, Spermatism.
ANIMAL'CULIST, An'imalint. One who at-
tempts to explain different physiological or pa-
thological phenomena by means of animalcules.
One who believes that the embryo is formed from
the so-called spermatic animalcules — sperm' atist,
sem'inint.
ANIMAL'CULOVISM, Animalculovism'-
tis, from animalculum and ovum. The doctrine,
now universal, which maiptains that the new
being is formed by the concourse of the sperma-
tic animalcule or spermatozoid with the ovum.
ANIMALCULUM, Animalcule.
ANIMALIST, Animalculist.
ANIMAL'ITY, Animal'itno, (F.) AnimalitL
The aggregate of qualities which distinguish that
which is animated. That which constitutes the
animal.
A N I M A L I Z A' T I 0 N, Animalina'lio. Tlio
transformation of the nutritive parts of food into
the living substance of the body to be nourished.
Assimilation.
To AN'IMATE, Anima're. To unite the liv-
ing principle with an organized body. Tlio
French use it in the sense of, — to excite or render
active; as, animer nn vesicatoire : to excite a
blister to suppurate.
ANIMATIO, Animation— a. Foetfls, see Quick,
ening.
ANIMA'TION, Zuh'sinjAnima'tio, from animn,
'the soul or mind.' The act of animating. The
state of being enlivened.
Animation, Suspended, Asphyxia.
AN'IME, Gum an'ime, Amiiix'a, Gumnii an'-
imc, Can'cnmum, Cau'cami/. A resin obtained
from the trunk of Hi/men'ccn conr'haril. Ord.
Fabaceoe. It lias been given as a ce|)halic and
uterine. It is not used. The plant is also called
Cutir' bnril.
ANT.ME, (F.) An epithet applied to the
countenance, when florid, in health or disease.
ANIMELL^, Parotid.
ANIMI CASUS SUBITUS, Syncope— a. De-
liquium. Syncope — a. Pathemata, Passions.
ANIMISM, see Animist.
AN'IMIST, from anima, 'the soul.' One who,
following the example of Stahl, refers all the
phenomena of the animal ecomony to the soul,
An'iniism,
The soul, according to Stahl, is the immediate
and intelligent agent of every movement, and of
every material change in the body. Stahl there-
fore concluded, that disease is nothing more
than a disturbance or disorder in the government
of the economy, or an effort by which the soul,
attentive to every morbific cause, endeavours to
expel whatever may be deranging the habitual
order of health. See Stahlianism.
ANIMUS, Anima, Breath.
ANIRID'IA, from av, priv., and ipig, ipiSo; 'the
iris.' Absence of the jris.
ANIS, Piiupinellaanisum — a. Aigre, Cuminum
Cyminum — «. dc la Chine, Illicium anisatum — n.
Doux, Anethum^ — a. Etoile, Illicium anisatum.
ANISA'TUM, from Anisum, ' Amse.' A sort
of medicated wine, formerly prepared with honey,
wine of Ascalon, and aniseed.
ANISCALPTOR, Latissimus dorsi.
ANISCHUKIA, Enuresis.
ANISE, Pimpinella anisum — a. Star, Illicium
anisatum, I. Floridanum — a. Tree, Florida, Illi-
cium Floridanum — a. Tree, yellow-flowered, Illi-
cium anisatum.
ANISEED, see Pimpinella anisum.
ANISEMA DRACONTIUM, Arum dracon-
tiura.
ANISI SEMINA, see Pimpinella anisum.
ANISO'DUS LU'RIDUS, Nican'dra anom'-
ala, Phy'saJis stranio'nittm, Whitley'a ntramo'iii-
folia. A plant of Nepal, possessed of narcotic
properties, and resembling belladonna and to-
bacco. It dilates the pupil, and is used in dis-
eases of the eye like belladonna. It is given in
alcoholic tincture (dried leaves '^j to ahiihul
f^viij). Dose, 20 drops internally in the 24 hours.
ANISOPIIYLLUM IPECACUANHA, Eu-
phorbia Ipecacuanha.
ANISOS'THENRS, Ina-.qii&'H roh'ore pollcm.
That which is unequal in strength : from av,
priv., KTOf, 'equal,' and o-^tvoj, 'strength.' An
epithet applied particularly to the muscular con-
tractility which, in the sick, is sometimes aug-
mented in certain muscles only, — in the flexors,
for example.
ANISOT'ACHYS, from av, priv., laoj, ' equiil,'
ANISUM
67
ANNULAR
iind ra^^vi, 'quick.' An epithet for the pulse,
when quick and unequal. — Gorra-us.
ANISUM, I'itnpinella anisum — a. Africanum
frutescens, Bubon Galbanum — a. Fruticosum gal-
liiiniForum, Bubon Galbanum — a. Officinale, Pim-
pinella anisum — a. Sinense, lUicium anisatuin —
a. Stellatura, Illicium anisatum — a. Vulgare, Pim-
Ijlnella anisum.
ANKLE, Astragalus, Malleolus.
ANKLEY, Malleolus.
ANKUS, Ancus.
ANKYLOBLEPII'AIlOiSr, AncyhUepli'aron,
Palpehra'rum coal'itus, from ayKvXrit 'a bridle,'
and li\c<f)apov, 'eyelid.' A preternatural union
between the free edges of the eyelids. Likewise
called Sijmble2)h'aro», Synihlephuro' sis, aadPron'-
phiiHts.
Also, union between the eyelids and globe of
the eye. — Aetius.
ANKYLOCIIEI'LIA, Ancylochei'lia, (F.) An-
l-ydochelie, from ayKvXog, ' crooked,' and ;^tiAoj,
'lip.' Accidental union of the lips.
vliV'A'Fi:OC//A'/:/£', Ankylocheilia.
ANKYLOCOLPUS, Colpatresia.
ANKYLOCORE, Coreclisis.
ANKYLODON'TIA, from ayKvUi, 'crooked,'
and o&ovi, oSovTos, 'a tooth.' An irregular posi-
tion of the teeth in the jaws.
ANKYLOGLOS'SIA, Ancijloglox'sin, Concre'-
tio linrjHce, from ayKv\ri, ' a bridle,' and y\oi<jaa,
' the tongue.' Impeded motion of the tongue in
consequence of adhesion between its margins and
the gums ; or in consequence of the shortness
of the frasnum : the later affection constituting
ToDf/ue-tie, Olopho'nia Un'guce frann'ta. It
merely requires the frsenum to be divided with a
pair of scissors.
ANKYLOGLOSSOT'OMUM, from ankylogloa-
Ki'a, ' tongue-tie,' and ro/xt}, ' incision.' An instru-
ment used in the operation for tongue-tie.
ANKYLOME'LE, Ancylome'le, from ayituXof,
' crooked,' and /x^/Ai?, ' a probe.' A curved probe.
— Giilen.
ANKYLOMERIS'MUS, Ancylomeris'mua, from
ayKv\ri, 'a bridle,' and i^cpos, 'a part.' Morbid
adhesion between parts.
ANKYLOPS, iEgilops.
ANKYLORRHIN'IA, Ancylorrhin'ia, from
ayKvXri, 'a bridle,' and piv, 'the nose.' Morbid
union of the parietes of the nose.
ANKYLOSED, see Ankylosis.
ANKYLO'SIS, Ancylu'ils, Anchylo'sis, An'-
cyle, Stiff Joint, from ay/fuXof, 'crooked.' An
nffection, in which there is great difficulty or even
iriipossibility of moving a diarthrodial articula-
tion. It is so called, because the limb commonly
remains in a constant state of flexion, and a joint
thus affected is said to be ankylo'scd. Anchylo-
sis is said to be complete or true, when there is an
intimate adhesion between the synovial surfaces,
with union of the articular extremities of the
bones. In the incomplete or false anchylosis,
tliere is obscure motion, but the fibrous pnrts
around the joint are more or less stiff and thick-
ened. In the treatment of this last state, the
jiint must be gently and gradually exercised;
iind oily, relaxing applications be assiduously em-
ployed.
Ankylosis Spuria, Rigiditas articulorura.
ANKYLO'TIA, Ancylo'tia, from ayKvXr/, 'a
bridle,' and ovi, wros, ' the ear.' Morbid union
of the parietes of the ear.
ANKYLOT'OMUS,.'l»ci/^o<'o»i!(«, from ayKv\oi,
'crooked,' and rcnictv, 'to cut.' Any kind of
curved knife. — Paulus. An instrument for di-
viding the fra;num linguae. — Scultetus.
ANyEAl\ Ring — 1. Crural, Crural canal — a.
Diaphragmatiqne, Diaphragmatic ring— a. Femo-
ml, Crural canal— «. Lu/uinal, Inguinal ring— a,
Oiiihilical, Umbilical ring.
ANNEXE. Accessory, Appendix.
ANNI CRITICI, Climacterici (anni)— a. De-
cretorii, Climacterici (anni) — a. Fatales, Climac-
terici (anni) — a. Genethliaci, Climacterici (anni)
— a. Gradarii, Climacterici (anni) — a. Hebdoma-
dici, Climacterici (anni) — a. lleroici, Climacterici
(anni) — a. Natalitii, Climacterici (anni) — a. Sca-
lares, Climacterici (anni) — a. Scansiles, Climacte-
rici (anni).
ANNOTA'TIO, Episma'sia. Under this term
some have included the preludes to an attack of
intermittent fever — as yawning, stretching, som-
nolency, chilliness, &c.
ANNOTTO, see Terra Orleans.
AN'NUAL DISEASES, Jforbi an'nni, M. an-
niversa'rii, (F.) Maladies antntelles. A name
given, by some, to diseases which recur every
year about the same period. Fcbris amuta, (F.)
Fievre anuuelle, is a term used for a fancied in-
termittent of this type.
ANNUENS. Rectus capitis internus minor.
ANNUIT"IO, Nodding, from ad, 'to,' and
iiHtua, 'a nod.' A gesture, denoting assent in
most countries. Also, the state of somnolency,
when the individual is in the erect or sitting
posture, with the head unsupported, in which
the power of volition over the extensor muscles
of the head is lost, and the head drops forward.
AN'NULAR, Annvla'ria, Annla'ris, Crico'i'des,
(F.) Aitnidaire, {annua, 'a circle.') Any thing
relating to a ring, or which has the shape or ful-
fils the functions of a ring; from annnlus, 'a
ring.'
Annular Fincrr, Iling Finger, Jiing man,
Dig"itns annula'ria, Param'eaos, The fourth
finger, so called from the wedding ring being
worn thereon. See Digitus. Of old, it was be-
lieved, that there is a medium of direct commu-
nication between the ring finger and the heart.
Annular Ganglion, see Ciliary ligament.
Annular Lig'amrnt, Transrerae ligament,
Cru'cial ligament. A strong ligamentous band,
which arches across the area of the ring of the
atlas, from a rough tubercle upon the inner sur-
face of one articular process, to a similar tubercle
on the other. It serves to retain the odontoid
process of the axis in connexion with the ante-
rior arch of the atlas.
An'nular Lig'ament of the Ra'dius, is a very
strong fibro-'cartilaginous band, which forms, with
the lesser sigmoid cavity of the cubitus, a kind
of ring, in which the head of the radius turns
with facility.
An'nular Lig'aments op the Carpus, Ar-
mil'lcB manua membrano'acE, are two in number.
The one, anterior, is a broad, fibrous, quadri-
lateral band, extending transversely before the
carpus, and forming the gutter, made by the
wrist, into a canal. It is attached, externally,
to the trapezium and scapho'ides ; and internally
to the OS pisiforme and process of the uncif'orme.
It keeps the tendons of the flexor muscles, me-
dian nerve, &(s., applied .against the carpus.
The posterior ligament is situate transversely
behind the joint of the hand, and covers the
sheaths of the tendons, which pass to the back
of the hand. Its fibres are white and shining,
and are attached, externally, to the inferior and
outer part of the radius; internally to the ulna
and OS pisiforme.
An'nular Lig'aments of the Tarsus are two
in number. The anterior is quadrilateral, and
extends transversely above the instep. It is at-
tached to the superior depression of the os calcis,
and to the malleolus internus. It embraces the
tendons of the extensor muscles of the toes, the
[ tibialis anticna, and j^eroneus antictis. The inter-
ANNULARIS
68
ANOSMIA
md is broader than the last. It descends from
the malleolus iuternus to the posterior and inner
part of the os caleis, with which it forms a kind
of canal, enclosing the sheaths of the tendons of
the tibialis posticHHjJlexor lonytis dlgltorum pedis,
and /'. lotKjns 2}ollici8 pedis, as well as the plantar
vessels and nerves.
Akxular Vein, Vena annida'ris, is situate
between the annular finger and the little finger.
Aetius recommends it to be opened in diseases
of the spleen.
ANNULARIS, Cricoid: see Digitus — a. Ani,
Sphincter ani.
annul: CARTILAGINEI, see Trachea— a.
Cartilaginosi Trachea), see Trachea.
AN'NULI FIBRO-CARTILAGIN'EI, "F{-
li-u-c(iitil(i(jliiou8 or festooned rings." Tough
tendinous tracts in the heart, two of which, an-
terior, are situate on the right and left of the
aortal opening; and one posterior, which runs
backwards from the aorta to the border of the
auriculo-ventricular septum, where it splits into
two slender crura.
A NN UL I- TEND INO-PHALANGIENS,
Lumbricales manus.
ANNULUS, Dactvlius, Vulva — a. Abdominis,
Inguinal ring — a. Afbidus, see Ciliary (ligament)
— a. Cellulosus, Ciliary ligament — a. Ciliaris,
Ciliary ligament — a. Fossas ovalis : see Ovalis
fossa — a. Gangliformis, see Ciliary (ligament) —
a. Repens, Herpes circinatus — a. Umbilicalis,
Umbilical ring — a. Ventriculi, Pylorus — a. Vieus-
senii, see Ovalis fossa.
ANO, ai'w. A prefix denoting 'above, up.'
ANU-VAVERNJiUX, Accelerator urina;.
ANUCHI'LUS, from avu, 'above,' and x^'^ofi
'lip.' The upper lip. Also, one who has a large
upper lip.
ANOCCELIA, Stomach.
AN0C(ELIADELP11US, Coeliadelphus.
ANO'DIA, from av, priv., and ui&t), 'song.'
An unconnected or dissonant mode of speech.
ANOD'IC, Anod'ieits, from avu>, 'above, up,'
and 'o^o?, 'away.' Tending upwards. An epi-
thet applied by Dr. Marshall Hall to an ascend-
ing course of nervous action.
AXOl)!N, Anodyne.
ANODIN'IA, from a, av, privative, and uSiv,
'a labour pain.' Absence of labour pains.
ANODMIA, Anosmia.
ANO 1) US, Edentulus.
AN'ODYNE, Aniid't/nus, Antod'ynns, Antld'-
ynous (improperly), Pcinyor'lcus, Anct'lcus, Ant-
(il'(jlciiy, Acesod'ynes, (F.) Anodln ou Anodyn,
from av, privative, and vivvrj, 'pain.' Anodynes
are those medicines which relieve pain, or cause
it to cease ; as opium, belladonna, Ac. They act
by blunting the sensibilitj' of the encephalon, so
that it does not appreciate the morbid sensation.
ANODYN'IA, Jndolcn'tia. Cessation or ab-
sence of pain. Vogcl has given this name to a
genvis of diseases, characterized by a cessation
of pain, and the exasperation of other symptoms ;
as we see in gangrene.
ANODYNUM MINERALE, Potassae nitras
sulphatis paucillo mixtus.
ANQi'A, Anoi'a, from a, privative, and voof,
'mind.' Delirium, imbecility. See Dementia
and Idiotisiu.
AXOESIA, Dementia — a. Abstricta, Melan-
choly.
ANOIA. Anoea.
AXO^fAL. Anomalous.
ANOMALES', Anomalous.
ANOMA'LLV, from av, privative, and o/jayio;,
'regular.' Abnor' mitas, Aliena'tio. Anomaly,
abnormity, irregularity. In Pathology, anomaly
means something unusual in the symptoms pro-
per to a disease, or in the morbid appearances
presented by it. ■,-■ ■• •
Anomalia Nervorum, Nervous diathesis.
ANOMALIE PAR CLOISONNEMENT, see
Cloisonneracnt.
ANOMALOTROPHIES, from av, privative,
ofxaXoi, 'regular,' and rpo^n, 'nourishment.' A
class of diseases, which consist in modifications
in the nutrition of organs. — Gendrin.
ANOM'ALOUS, Anom'alus, Anom'alis ; the
same etymon. Irregular; contrary to rule. (F.)
Annmal. In Medicine, a disease is called ano-
malous, in whose symptoms or progress there is
something unusual. Affections are also called
anomalous, which cannot be referred to any
known species.
ANOMALOUS, Irregular.
ANOMMATUS, Anophthalmus.
ANOMOCEPH'ALUS, from a, priv., vo//of,
'rule,' and KC(paXri, 'head.' One whose head is
deformed. — Geofi'roi Saint-Hilaire.
ANOMOSPLENO TOP IE, Splenectopia.
ANOMOTOPIE, Ectopia.
ANOM'PHALUS, from av, priv., and on<pa\oi,
'the navel.' One devoid of navel. Many writers
have endeavoured to show that Adam and Eve
must have been avojicpaXoi, as they could not have
had umbilical vessels.
ANONA TRILOBA, see Carica papaya.
ANO'NA TRIPET'ALA. A tree of the family
Anoneaj or Anonacea> ; Sex. Syst. Polyandria
Polygynia, from fifteen to twenty feet high, na-
tive of South America, which bears a delicious
fruit called Chin'moya. Both the fruit and flowers
emit a fine fragrance, which, when the tree is
covered with blossom, is almost overpowering. —
Tschudi.
ANONTS, Ononis.
ANONY'CII'IA, from av, privative, and ovti|,
owxoi, 'a nail.' Want of nails, — a rare con-
genital defect.
ANONYME, Innominatum.
ANON'YMOUS, Anon'ymus, Tnnomina'lns, (F.)
Anonyme, from av, privative, and ovo^ia, 'name.'
That which has no name.
The word has been applied to many parts of
the body: — to the Anonymous bone or Os inna-
minatum: — the Anonymous foramen or Foramen
innominnfum, &c.
ANOPHRESIA. Anosmia.
ANOPHTllAL'MUS, Anom'matus, from av,
privative, and ocpda'Xfios, 'an eye.' One who is
devoid of eyes.
ANOPS'IA, from av, priv., and cutf, 'the eye.'
A case of monstrosity in which the eye and orbit
are wiinting.
ANOPTICONERVIE, Amaurosis.
ANOR'CniDES, from av, priv., and opx'«, 'a
testicle.' They who are without testicles. — For-
tunatus Fidelis.
ANOREX'IA, from av, priv., and opc^n, 'ap-
petite.' Inappeten'tia, Limo'sis exjters, (F.) Perle.
d'appetit. Absence of appetite, without loathing.
Anorexia or want of appetite is symptomatic ol'
most diseases. Also, Indigestion, Dyspepsia.
Anorexia Exhausto'uum, Frigidity of the
stomach — a. Mirabilis, Fasting.
ANORGANIC, see Anhistous, and Inorganic.
ANORMAL, Abnormous.
ANORTHOP'IA,from a, priv.,op^oj, 'straight,'
and oi//if, 'vision.' Vision in which persons are
unable to judge when objects are not parallel or
not symmetrical.
ANOS'IA, from a, priv., and votroy, 'disease.'
Health. Freedom from disease.
ANOS'MIA, from av, privative, and oafin,
'odour.' Loss of smell. Diminution of the sense
of smell. Called, also, Anoxjjhre'sia, Anosphra'-
sia, Anophrc'sia, Paros'min, Anod'mia, Anosmo''
AN OS MOST A
C9
ANTIIELMIXTIC
ii'n, OI/dcl&H aniiv'sio 8eu dcjic"ier8, DynaHthe'nia \
olptnto' lin, AiicBHthe'sin olfncto'ria, Odura'tus de-
per'dttHH. (F.) Perte de VOdorut.
ANOSMOHIA, Anosmia.
ANOSPIIRASIA, Anosmia.
ANOSPIIRESIA, Anosmia.
ANO'TUS, from av, privative, and ovi, u)tos,
'the ear.' A monster having no ears.
ANOXEMTE, Asphyxia.
ANSA INTESTINALIS, Ame (Jnteetinule).
ANSE (F.), Ama (L.), signifies, properly, the
handle of certain vessels, usually of an arched
form. By analogy, it has been applied to that
which is curved in the form of such handle.
Thus, the French speak of Anne intentinnle — Ansa
seu Gyrus intcfilina'lis — to signify a portion of
intestine, supported by its mesentery, and de-
scribing a curved line: — also, of Ause nerveuae,
Aiise anaatumotiqne, &c.
Aiise de fil is used, in Surgery, to designate a
thread, curved in the form of an Aiwe.
ANSERINA, Potentilla anserina.
ANSERINE, Chenopodium ambrosioides — a.
Atithelmi'iitique, Chenopodium anthelminticum —
II. Bon Henri, Chenopodium Bonus Ilenricus — a.
Jiotri/s, Chenopodium Botrys — a. Fetide, Cheno-
])odium vulvaria — a. Vermifuge, Chenopodium
anthelminticum.
ANTACIDS, Anti-acids, Antiac"ida, Inver-
Irn'tia, from anti, 'against,' and aeidn, 'acids.'
Remedies which obviate acidity in the stomach.
They are chemical ngents, and act by neutralizing
the acid. Those chiefly used are ammonia, calcis
carbonas, calx, magnesia, magnesiae carbonas,
potassa, potassaj bicarbonas, p. carbonas, soda?
biearbonas, and s. carbonas. They are, of course,
only palliatives, removing that which exists, not
preventing the formation of more.
ANTAG'ONISM, Antitgonix'wus, Antis'tams,
from avTi, 'against,' and aywu^o/zai, 'to strive.'
Action in an opposite direction. It applies to the
action of muscles that act in a contrary direction
to others. In estimating the force of muscles,
this antagonism must be attended to.
ANTAG'ONIST, Antnrjouis'ta. A muscle
whose action produces an effect contrary to that
of another muscle. Every muscle has its anta-
gonist, because there is no motion in one direc-
tion without a capability of it in another.
ANTALGICUS. Anodyne.
ANTAPHIIODIS'IAC, AntapJirodit'ie, Anta-
pJirodiniacus, A naphrodisiiicun, Annphrodin'iac,
Anterol'icus, from avri, ' agaiii.*t,' and aippo&iaiaKoi,
'aphrodisiac' A substance capable of blunting
the venereal appetite.
ANTAPHRODITIC, Antaphrodisiac.
ANTAPOD'OSIS, from avrairo(5i^a)^((, 'I return
in exchange.' The succession and return of the
febrile periods. — Hippocrates.
ANTAPOPLECTICUS, Antiapoplectic.
ANTARTIIRITIC. Antiarthritic.
ANTASTMENICUS, Tonic.
ANTASTIIMATICUS, Antiasthmatic.
ANTATROPH'IC, Antntroph'icus, AnMt'ro-
phui. Aniiatropk'icus, from avri, 'against,' and
arpotpia, 'atrophy.' A remedy opposed to atro-
phy or consumption.
ANTEBRACHIAL, see Antibrachial.
ANTECEDEN'TIA. The precursory or
warning symptoms of a disease.
ANTEFIiEXIO UTERI, see Anteversion.
ANTELA'BIA, I'rochei'la, from ante, 'before,'
and labia, 'the lips.' The extremity of the lips.
ANTELOPE. Antilopus.
ANTE.MBALLOJIENUM, Succedaneum.
ANTEM'BASIS, from avri, and t/i/J-niu, 'I
enter.' Jfu'tuus ini;res'sus. The mutual recep-
tion of bones.— Galen.
AXTEMETIC, Antiemetic.
ANTENDEIXIS, Counter-indication.
ANTKNDIXIS, Counter-indication.
ANTENEAS'MUS, from avri, 'against,' and
vcav, 'audacious;' or rather, perh.nps, from avn,
and Ttivb), 'I extend or stretch.' One furious
against himself. Mania, in which the patient
attempts his own life. — Zacchias.
ANTENNA'RIA DIOI'CA, Gnapha'lium Di-
oi'cum, Hlnpid'nla, Pes cati, Eli'chrysuin monta'-
num. Dice' lions Ererlast'ing, Catsfoot, (F.) Pied
de chat. Order, Compositas. A common Euro-
pean plant, which has been advised in hemor-
rhage, diarrhoea, <tc.
Antexnaria Margaritacea, Gnaphalium
margaritaceum.
Antbnnauia Plantaginifo'lia, Gnnj)hn'lium
plinitiif/iiii/o' Hum seu plantagin'eum seu dioi'cum
variety planta/jinifolium. Plantain Life-everlast-
ing. CiidircJd, indifjenous, has similar properties.
AXTKPIIIALTIC, Antiophialtic.
ANTEPILKPTIC, Antiepileptic.
ANTEPONENS, Anticipating.
ANTEREI'SIS, from avn, 'against,' and tptt-
i(o, 'I support.' The resistance — the solidity —
of bones. — Hippocrates.
ANTERIEUlt DU MARTEAU, Laxator
tympani — a. de I'Oreille, Anterior auris.
ANTE'RIOR, Anti'eus, from ante, 'before.'
Situate before. Great confusion has prevailed
with anatomists in the use of the terms before,
behind, etc. Generallj', the word anterior is ap-
plied to parts situate before the median line, the
body being in the erect posture, with the face
and palms of the hands turned forwards, and
the feet applied longitudinally together.
Antk'iuor Au'his {Muscle), Anriculn'ris ante'-
rior,At'trahens auric' ulam, (¥ .) Auriculiiire anti-
rieur, Anterienr de I'oreillc, Zygomato-oriculaire.
A small muscle, passing from the posterior part
of the zygoma to the helix. Use, to draw the ear
forwards and upwards.
Anteuioh Mallei, Laxator tympani.
ANTEROTICaS, Autaidirodisiac.
ANTEUPHORBIUM, Cacaiia anteuphorbium.
ANTEVER'SION, Antever'sio, Antrover'sio,
from ante, 'before,' and vertere, versum, 'to turn.'
Displacement of the uterus, in which the fundus
is turned towards the pubes, whilst its orifice is
towards the sacrum. It may be caused by extra-
ordinary size of the pelvis, pressure of the viscera
on the uterus, etc.; and is recognised by exami-
nation per vaginam. A simple forward inclina-
tion of the body of the uterus, without the os
uteri being carried much backwards, is termed
Anteflex'iou of the u' terns, Antefex'io u'teri. Not
unfrequently, however, it is used synonymously
with Retroversion of the Uterus. See Retro-
versio uteri.
A N T H iE M 0 P T Y'i C U S, AntihoBmoptficns,
from avri, 'against,' and hcemoptysis, 'spitting
of blood.' Against spitting of blood. A remedy
for spitting of blood — antihamoptyicum [reme-
diiini).
ANTIIJEMORRHAGICUS, Antihemorrhagic.
ANTIIECTICUS, Antihectic.
A N T H E L I T ' 11 A G U S, ( F. ) Anthilitragien.
One of the proper muscles of the pavilion of
the ear.
ANT'HELIX, Anti-heli.v, from avn, 'before,'
and 'tXil, 'the helix.' An eminence on the car-
tilage of the ear, in front of the helix, and ex-
tending from the concha to the groove of the
helix, where it bifurcates.
A N T H E L M I N'T I C, Antihelmiu'ticus, Anti-
acol'icns, Anthelinin'thicus, Antiscolet'icus, Hel-
min'thicus, Ilelminthago'gus, Antivermiito'svs,
Vermif'ugus, Ver'tnifuge, from avn, 'against,'
and '{Ay/ivj, 'a worm.' A remedy which de-
ANTIIEMA ERUPTIO
70
A N T II E A X
stroys or expels worms, or prevents their for-
mation and development. The chief anthel-
minties are, Chenopodium, Mucuna, Oleum ani-
raale Dippclii, Oleum Terebinthinae, Sodii Chlo-
riduin. Spij^elia, and Pulvis Stanni. See Worms.
ANTHKMA ERUPTIO, Exanthem.
AN'TIIEMLS COT'ULA, from avBco,, 'l&ower.'
A./ve'tida scu Xui^eboracen'sis, Cot'ula, O.fce'tida,
Cota, Ci/nan'themis, ChamcBme'lum fve'tidum seu
Chamomil'Ui spn'ria sen fce'tida, jtfciru'ta Cot'ula,
Mayjloicer, Ifayweed, Stinking Chamomile, Wild
Cham'omile, Dog's fennel, Billy, Dilweed, Field-
weed, Pissweed. Ord. Compositas Corymbiferae.
Sex. Syxt. Syngenesia Superflua. (F.) JlarotUe,
Camoniille fctide, Camomille puante.
This plant Cot'ula, (Ph. U. S.), has a very dis-
agreeable smell, and the leaves have a strong,
acrid, bitterish taste. It is reputed to have been
useful in hysterical affections.
Anthemis FfETiDA, A. cotula.
A.n'toemis No'bilis, An'themis, A. odora'tn,
Chammme'him, Ch. No'hile seu odora'tum, Cha-
momil'la Jionia'nn, Eiian'themon, Leucan' tliemum,
(F.) Camomille Rninaine. The leaves and flowers.
— Anthemis, Ph. U. S. — have a strong smell, and
bitter, nauseous taste. The flowers arc chiefly
used. They possess tonic and stomachic proper-
ties, and are much given as a pleasant and cheap
bitter. A simple infusion is taken to produce, or
to assist vomiting. Externally, they are often
used in fomentations.
The O'leum Anthem'idis possesses the aromatic
properties of the plant, but not the bitter and
tonic. Consequently, the 'Chamomile Drops,' as
sold by the druggists, must be devoid of the lat-
ter quallHes. They are made by adding 01.
anthem. f5J. to Sp. vini rectif. Oj.
Anthemis Noveboracencis, A. cotula — a.
Odorata, A. cotula.
A.n'themis Pv'rethrum, Py'rethrum, P. vertim,
Anacyc'ltie pyi-ethrum, Bnphthal'mvm, Cre'ticum,
Denta'n'a, Uerba saliva'ris. Pes Alexandri' nus,
Spanish Chamomile, Pellitory of Spain, (F.) Py-
rethre, Rueine saliraire, Salivaire, Pied d' Alex-
andre. The root, Pyrelhrum (Ph. U. S.), is hot
and acrid, its acrimony residing in a resinous
principle. It is never used except as a mastica-
tory in toothache, rheumatism of the face, pa-
ralysis of the tongue, etc. It acts as a powerful
sialogogue.
The Pellitory of the shops in Germany is said
to be derived from Anacyc'lus offivina'rum; a
plant cultivated in Thuringia for medicinal pur-
poses.
An'themis Tincto'ria, Buphthal'mi Herha,
Dyer's Chamomile, a European plant, has a bitter
and astringent taste, and has been regarded as
stomachic and vulnerary. (F.) Camomille des
Teinturicrs, Q-Hl de Bosnf.
Anthemis Vulgaris, Matricaria Chamomilla.
ANTHE'RA, from avQr,poi, so called from its
'florid' colour. A remedy compounded of several
substances — myrrh, sandarae, alum, saffron, etc.
It was used under the form of liniment, eolly-
rium, electuary, and powder.— Celsus, Galen.
ANTIIE.REON, Mentum.
ANTIIORA, Aconitum anthora — a. Vulgaris,
Aconitum anthora.
ANTHORIS'MA, from avn, 'against,' and
o/)t<7/(a, 'boundary.' Tumor diffu'sus. A tumour
without any defined margin.
ANTIIOS, see Rosmarinus — a. Sylvestris, Le-
dum sylvestre.
ANTHRA'CIA, from av^pa^, avOpaKog, 'coal.'
Carbun'cular Exan'them. An eruption of tumors,
imperfectly suppurating, with indurated edges,
and, for the most part, a sordid and sanious core.
A genus in the order Exanthematica, class Hmma-
lifu of Good, and including Plague and Yaws.
Anthuacia, Anthracosis— a. Pcstis, Plague—
a. Rubula, Framboesia.
ANTIIRACION, see Anthrax.
AN'THRACOID, Anthraco'dcs, from nv5pa(.
avOpoKos, 'coal,' and etSoi, 'resemblance.' (F.)
Charhonneux. As black as coal. Accompanied
by or resembling anthrax.
ANTHRACOMA, Anthrax.
ANTHRACONECROSIS, see Sphacelus.
ANTHRACOPHLYCTIS, see Anthrax.
ANTHRACOSIA, Anthrax.
ANTHRACO'SIS, Anthra'cia, Carlo Palpe-
bra' rum, from avSpa^, avQpaKoi, 'a Coal.' A spe-
cies of carbuncle, which attacks the eyelids and
globe of the eye. — Paulus of iEgiua. Also, a
carbuncle of any kind. It has been used for the
"black lung of coal miners," which is induceil
by carbonaceous accumulation in the lungs;
Psendo-melunot'ic formation, (Cars well.) llJntiire
noire des Poumo)is, Charbon pnlmonaire. When
ulceration results from this cause, black phthisis,
(F.) Phthisic avec 3Ielanose, exists. See Mela-
nosis.
Anthracosis Pcji.monum, see Melanosis.
ANTHRACOTYPHUS, Plague.
ANTHRAKOK'ALI, Lithanthrahok'ali, from
avOpa^, avQpaKoi, 'coal,' and Icali, 'potassa.' An
article introduced as a remedy in cutaneous dis-
eases. It is formed by dissolving carbonate of
potassa in 10 or 12 parts of boiling water, and
adding as much slacked lime as will separate tlie
potassa. The filtered liquor is placed on the fire
in an iron vessel, and suffered to evaporate, until
neither froth nor effervescence occurs, and the
liquid presents a smooth surface like oil. To
this, levigated coal is added in the proportion of
160 grammes to 192 grammes of potassa. The
mixture is stirred, and removed from the fire,
and the stirring is continued, until a black homo-
geneous powder results. A sulphuretted anthra-
Icokali is made by mixing accurately 16 grammes
of sulphur with the coal, and dissolving the mix-
ture in the potassa, as directed above. The dose
of the simple and sulphuretted preparations is
about two grains three times a day.
ANTHRAX, avBpai, 'a coal,' Antrax, Carlo,
liuli'nus verus, Codesel'la, Erythe'ma gangrano'-
sum, Grantris'tum, Pruna, Per'sicus Ignis, Pynt,
Granatris'tum, Phyma Anthrax, Erythema an-
thrax, Carbun'culus, Aiithraco'sia, Anthraco'ma,
Absces'sus gangrcenes'cevs seu gangrceno'sus, Fu-
run'cnlns malig'nus, F. gang rcBno' sua. Carbuncle,
(F.) Charbon. An inflammation, essentially gan-
grenous, of the cellular membrane and skin,
which may arise from an internal or external cause.
In the latter ease it is called Anthra'cion, Vesic'-
nla gangrcBues'cens, Anthracophlyc'tis, (F.) Pus-
tule maligne ; Bonton d'Alcp, Feu Persique {Per-
sianfre), ilalvat, Bonton miilin. Puce maligne, and
is characterized at the outset by a vesication or
bleb filled with a sero-sanguinolent fluid, under
which a small induration is formed, surrounded
by an areolar inflammation, which becomes gan-
grenous. It has been thought by some to be in-
duced altogether by contact with the matter of
the carbuncle of animals, or of the exuvise of
the bodies of such as had died of the disease,
but it is now known to arise primarily in the
human subject. This form of carbuncle has re-
ceived different names, many of them from the
places where it has prevailed :— Crtrii(w'et//«'(
contagio'sus seu Gal'licns seu Hunga'ricns seu
Polon'icus seu Scptentriona'lis, Morbus pustulo'sus
Fin'nieuH, Pus'tulu gangrenosa seu Liv'ida Eh-
tho'uia, Pemphigus Hungar'icus, Puce de Bour-
gngiie.
Anthrax is a malignant boil, and its treatment
13 similar to that which is required in case of
gangrene attacking a part.
ANTIIRISCUS CEREF(3LIUM
ANTICOMMA
Anthrax Piji.monijm, Necrnjineuinonia.
AXTIIRISCUS CEREFOLIUM, Scandix ce-
ref'oliuin — a. Iluinili^, Chserophyllum Sylvestre
— a. Procerus, Chicrophylluin Sylvestre.
ANTllROFE, Cutis.
ANTIIKOPIAT'RICA (MEDICIN A), from
ni '1V-, , 'mail,' and (uT-poj, 'a physician.' Me-
(lic'mn applied to man, in contradistinction to
aniiiKils.
ANTIIROPOCIIEMIA, Chymistry (human).
ANTllROPOC'llVMY, Chymistry (human).
ANTUROPOGEN'IA, AiKhropoyeu'eaig, An-
tlnop'iij"ifiii/, Geneaii'thro/)!/, from avSpwiroj, 'man,'
;indy£i't<Tu, 'generation.' The knowledge, or study,
or |)henotnona of human generation.
A N T II R 0 P 0 G'RAPIIY, Anthropngniph'ia,
from avOpu>noi, 'man,' and ypa(pn, 'a description.'
Anthrnpiilogy. A descriiitiou of the human body.
AN'TIIROPOID, AiiUiropa'i'dea, from avfipojiros,
'man,' and tiiSoj, 'resemblance.' Resembling man :
— as the ape.
ANTIIROPOL'ITHUS, from avepu>T:oi, 'man,'
and XiOoj, 'a stone.' The petrifaction of the
human body or of any of its parts. Morbid con-
cretions in the human body.
ANTIIROPOL'OGY, Antliropolo(i"ia, from
av^pmnoi, 'man,' and Aoyos, 'a discourse.' A
treatise on man. By some, this word is used for
the science of the structure and functions of the
human body. Frequently, it is employed synony-
mously with Natural History and Physioloijy of
J J (III.
A N T n 11 0 POMAGNETISMUS, Magnetism,
animal.
ANTIIROPOMANCY, AnthropomantV a, from
aySpwirof, 'a man,' and /xavrtta, 'divination.' Di-
vination by inspecting the entrails of a dead man.
ANTIIROPOM'ETRY', from avSpijowog, 'a man,'
and fiirpov, 'measure.' Measurement of the di-
mensions of the different parts of the human body.
ANTIIROPOMORPHOLOGY, Anatomy (de-
serii>tive).
ANTIIROPOMORPHUS, Atropa mandragora.
ANTHROPON'OMY, Anthroponom'ia, from
av^p<j)TToi, 'man,' and vonog, 'law.' A knowledge
of tlie special laws which preside over the func-
tions of the human body in action.
ANTIIROPOPH'AGUS, (F.) Anthropophage,
from avSpuirof, 'a man,' and (jtayui, 'I eat.' A
name irivon to one who eats his own species.
ANTIIROPOPH'AGY, Anthropopha'gia, same
etymon. The custom of eating human flesh. A
disease in which there is great desire to eat it.
ANTllROPOS, Homo.
ANTIIROPOSCOPIA, Physiognomy.
ANTIIROPOTOMY, Andranatomia.
A^'TIIUS, Flos.
ANTilYPNOT'IC, Anihypnot'icHS, Antihyp-
vot'ic, Agrypnot'ic, from avri, 'against,' and
'vTvuiTiKoi, 'stupefying.' A remedy for stupor.
ANTUYPOCHON'DRIAC, Antliypodumdri'-
acHS, from airi, 'against,' and 'vnoxcvii'taKo;, 'hy-
pochondriac' A remedy for hypochondriasis.
ANTIIYSTER'IC, Antihyater'ic, Antiliyster'-
icun; from avri, 'against,' and 'varcoa, 'the ute-
rus.' A remedy for hysteria.
ANTI. avri, as a prefix, in composition, gene-
rally means 'opposition.'
ANTIADES, Tonsils.
ANTIADITIS, Cynanche tonsillaris.
ANTIAUON'CUS, from avriaies, 'the tonsils.'
and oyKoi, 'tumour.' A swelling of the tonsils.
Swediaur. Auti'oger has a similar meaning.
Antiadoscus InI'-lammatouius, Cynanche ton-
sillaris. „__ , . ... A .
ANTIAPOPLEC'TIC, Aiitiapoplcc'ticus, Anta-
nnpUc'tirus, Apoplec'ticiis, from avn, 'against,'
and aror:\r,ii'h 'apoplexy.' A remedy for apo-
plexy.
AXTIARTS TOXICARIA, see Upas.
ANTIARTHRIT'IC, Antarthrit'ic, Antiar.
thrit'icHu, Antipudag'ric, from avrt, 'against,'
and apSpiTii, 'the gout,' (F.) Antigoutteux. A
remedy for gout.
ANTIASTHEN'IC, Antiasthcn'icus, from avTt,
'against,' and aaOcvua, 'debility.' A remedy for
debility.
ANTIASTHMAT'IC, AntioHthmat'icm, Ant-
aathnmt'icHu, from avri, 'against,' and aadpa,
'asthma.' A remedv for asthma.
ANTIATROPHICUS, Antatrophic.
ANTIBALLOMEXUM, Succedaneum.
AXTIBDELLA, Antlia sanguisuga.
ANTIBECHICUS, Expectorant.
A N T I B R A'C H I A L, Antibraehia'lis. That
which concerns the fore-arm. — Bichat. J. Clo-
quet suggests that the word should be written an-
tebrachial, from ante, 'before,' and brachiiiw,
'the arm' — as antebrachial region, antebrachial
aponeurosis, Ac.
Antebra'chial Aponeuro'sis, (F.) Aponeo-
rose antebrachiale, is a portion of the aponeurotic
sheath which envelops the whole of the upper
limb. It arises from the brachial aponeurosis,
from a fibrous expansion of the tendon of the
biceps muscle, from the epicondjde, epitrochlea,
and, behind, from the tendon of the triceps bra-
chialis. Within, it is inserted into the cubitus,
etc.; and, below, is confounded with the two an-
nular ligaments of the carpus. It is covered by
the skin, by veins, lymphatics, and by filaments
of superficial nerves ; it covers the muscles of the
fore-arm, adheres to them, and sends between
them several fibrous septa, which serve them for
points of insertion.
ANTIBRACHIUM, Fore-arm.
AXTIBRO'MIC, Antibro' miens, from avri,
'against,' and Ppw/to;, ' foetor.' A Deo'dorizer.
An agent that destroys offensive odours — as
chloride of zinc, simple sulphate of alumina, &c.
ANTICACIIEC'TIC, Auticachec'ticns, Anticu-
cochym'ic, from ai/n, 'against,' and xa^c^ta, 'ca-
chexy.' A remedy against cachexy.
ANTICACOCHYMIC, Anticachectic.
ANTICAN'CEROUS, Anticunccro'sns, Anti-
cancro'nus, Anticarcinom' utous, Antisehir'rous,
from avTi, 'against, and KapKiviajia, 'cancer,' car-
cinoma. Opposed to cancer.
ANTICANCROSUS, Anticancerous.
ANTICARCIXOMATOUS, Anticancerous.
ANTICARDIUM, Fossette du eaur, Scrobicu-
lus cordis.
ANTICATAR'RHAL, Antieatarrha'lis, Anti-
catarrho'icus, from avTi, 'against,' and Karappoi,
' catarrh.' A remedy for catarrh.
ANTICAUSOD'IC, Anticausot'ic, Anticau-
sod'icus, from avri, ' against,' and Kavaog, ' a burn-
ing fever.' A remedy for causua or inflammatory
fever.
ANTICAUSOTIC, Anticausodic.
ANTICHEIR, Pollex, see Digitus.
ANTICHCERADICUS, Antiscrofulous.
ANTICHOL'ERIC, Anticholer'icua, from avri,
'against,' and cholera. A remedy against cho-
lera.
AXTICHOLERICA, Sophora heptapbylla.
ANTICIPATING, Antic"ij)ans, Autepo'nens,
Prolept'icus, (F.) Anticipant. An epithet for a
periodical phenomenon, recurring at progress-
ively shorter intervals. An anticipating inter-
mittent is one in which the intervals between the
paroxvsms become progressively less.
ANTICNEMIUM, Shin.
AXTICCEUR, Scrobiculus cordis.
AXTICOL'IC, jijiiicoZ'/ci/s, fromaiTt, 'against,'
and KuXiKof, 'the colic.' That which is opposed
to colic.
ANTICOMMA, Contre-coup.
ANTICOPE
ANTIMOINE
AXTTCOPE, Contre-coup.
ANTICOPOSCOPIUM, Pleximeter.
ANTICIIUSIS, Gonlre-coup.
ANTFCRUSMA, Contre-coup.
ANTICtTS. Anterior.
AXTIDA R TliEUX, Antiherpetic.
AXTIUEIXIS, Counter-indication. ,
ANTIDIARRIKE'IC, Antidiarrhoe'icus. A
remedy for diarrhroii. Opposed to diarrhoea.
ANTIU'INIC, Antidin'icus, Biii'ic, Bin'icns,
fromaiTi, 'against,' and iivoi, 'vertigo.' Opposed
to vertisro.
AN'TIDOTAL, Antidota'lis, same etymon as
antidiite. Relating to an antidote ; possessed of
the powers of an antidote.
ANTIDOTA'RIUM, from avn&oTov, 'an anti-
dote.' A dispensatory. A pharmacopoeia or for-
mulary. An'tidotary was used formerly for any
composition that had the properties of an anti-
dote.
ANTTDOTARY, see Antidotarium.
AN'TIDO TE, A)i«irf'o?M)n, from avn, 'against,
and (5((5w/u, 'I give.' Originallj', this word signi-
fied an internal remexhj. It is now used synony-
mously with counter-poison, antiphar' macum, (F.)
Cojitre-poinon, and signifies any remedy capable
of combating the effect of poison.
A List of reputed Antidotes.
Chalk.
Soap.
5. SUI-PHURETS.
Sulphuretted Hydrogen,
dissolved in water.
Sulphuret of Potassium.
6. Haloids.
Chlorino.
7. Metallic Oxides.
Hydrated Sesqui-oxide of
Iron.
Mixed Oxides of Iron.
8. Orgaxic Substances.
Albuminous Substances,
(Albumen, Casein, and
Gluten.)
Starch.
Oil.
Animal Charcoal.
1. Metals.
Iron Filings.
Zinc Filings.
2. Acids.
Tannic Acid.
Acetic or Citric Acid.
3. Salts.
Alkaline or Earthy Sul-
phates.
Chloride of Sodium.
Hypochlorite of Soda or
of Lime.
4. Alkalines.
Ammonia.
Carbonates of Ammonia.
Carbonates of Soda.
Masnesia.
Carbonate of Magnesia.
Lime Water.
ANTIDOTUM HERACLIDIS, Enneaphar-
macos — a. Mithridatium, Mithridate.
ANTIDYNAMICA, Debilitants.
ANTIDYNOUS, Anodyne.
ANTTDYSENTER'IC, Antidi/senter'icus, from
iiTi, 'against.' ivs, 'with difficulty,' and evTepov,
'intestine.' Opposed to dysentery.
A N T I E M E T'l C, Antemet'ic, Antiemet'icux,
from nvri, 'against,' and tfxtTiKoi, 'emetic.' A
remedv for vomiting.
ANTIEPHIAT/TIC or ANTEPHIAL'TTC,
Antiephidl'ticns, from avTi, 'against,' and ciptaXrrn,
'nightmare.' A remedy for nightmare.
ANTIEPILEP'TIC or ANTEPILEP'TIC,
Antiepilcp'ticim, from avri, 'against,' and mi-
Xirlt"' 'epilepsy.' A remedy for epilepsy
ANTIFEBRILIS, Febrifuge.
ANTIGALAC'TIC, Antir,:,lac'ticns, AntiUc'-
teu8. from avn, 'against,' and yn\a, yaUxros,
'milk.' (F.) Antilaiteuor. Opposed to the secre-
tion of milk or to diseases caused by the milk
ANTIG'ONI COLLYR'IUM NIGRUM, Black
colh/riiim of AsriG'osvs. It was composed of
cadmia, antimony, pepper, verdigris, gum Arabic,
and water.
ANTIGUA, see West Indies.
ANTriL^MOPTYICUS, Authajmoptyicus.
ANTIIIEC'TIC, Antihec'ticus, Anthec'ticns,
from avn, ' against,' and 'tin, ' habit of body.'
The Antihec'ticum PoTK'Rit is the white oxyd of
antimony ; also called Diaphoret'icum Jocia'le.
ANTIHELIX, Antheli.v.
ANTIHELMINTIOUS, Anthelmintic.
ANTI1IE.MURRIIAG"IC, AntihoBmorrhnfj".
icus, A)ith(Bniorr!ui(/"icus, from avrt, 'against,'
and 'aifioppayia, 'hemorrhage.' That which is
against hemorrhage; an antihemorrhagic re-
medv.
ANTIHEM0RRH0ID'AL,7l)i?»7/«wo»v/(otrfa'-
?('«, from avTi, 'against,' and 'atfioppoiici, 'hemor-
rhoids.' A remedy for hemorrhoids.
ANTIIiERPET'IC, Anti/ierpet'irus, from avn,
'against,' and 'ipira, 'herpes.' {F.) Antidartreux.
A remedy for herpes.
ANTIHYDROPHOB'IC, Antihydrophoh'icuH,
Antilys'sus, Ali/a'sua, from avn, 'against,' 'vSwp,
'water,' and <po(ioi, 'dread.' A remedy for hydro-
phobia.
ANTIHYDROP'IC, AntiJnjdrop'icnn, Ilydrop'.
icus, from avn, 'against,' and 'vSpwip, ' dropsj'.' A
remedy for dropsy.
ANTIIIYPNOTIC, Anthypnotic.
ANTIIIYSTERIC, Anthystcric.
ANTI-ICTERIC, Anti-ictcr'icns; Ictcr'icue,
from avn, ' against,' and iKTcpog, 'jaundice.' A
remedy for jaundice.
ANTI-IMPETIGENES, SOLOMON'S, see
Liquor Hydrargyri oxymuriatis.
ANTILABIUM, Prolabium, see Antolabia.
ANTILACTEUS, Antigalactic.
ANriLAITEUX, Antigalactic.
ANTILEP'SIS, Apprchen'sio, from avn\api-
I3avu), 'I take hold of.' The mode of attaching a
bandage over a diseased part, by fixing it upon
the sound parts. — Hippocrates. The mode of
securing bandages, <fec., from slipping. Treat-
ment by revulsion or derivation.
ANTILETIIAR'GIC, Antilethar'r/icus, from
ajTi, 'against,' and \>iOiipytkof, 'affected with
lethargy.' A remedy for lethargy.
ANTILITIl'ICS, Antitith'ica, Lith'ica, from
avn, 'against,' and AiOof, 'a stone.' A substance
that prevents the formation of calculi in the uri-
nary organs.
The chief antilithics — according as the calculi
are lithic acid or phosphatic — are alkalies or
acids; with revellents, especially change of air;
tonics, as diosma crenata [?], and uva ursi [?].
ANTILLY, MINERAL WATERS OF. A
celebrated French medicinal spring, near Meaux,
in France. The waters have not been analyzed;
but astonishing and chimerical effects have been
ascribed to them.
ANTILOBIUM, Antitragus, Tragus.
ANTILOI'MIC, Antiloi'micus, AntiWmic, An-
tipestiletitia'lis, from avn, 'ag.ainst,' and Xoipo;,
' the plague.' A remedy for the plague.
ANTILO'PUS. The An' telope. {¥.) Gazelle,
from avdoi, 'a flower,' and wi^, 'the eye' — so
called from its beautiful eye. An African animal,
whose hoofs and horns were formerly given ia
hysteric and eijileptic cases.
ANTILYSSUS, Antihydrophobic.
ANTIMEL'ANCHOLIC, Antimclanchol'.icHs,
from avn, 'against,' and iii:\ay)(^oXta, 'melan-
choly.' A remedy for melancholy.
ANTIMEPIIIT'IC, Antimephi't'icus, from avn,
'against,' and mephitic. A remedy against me-
phitic or deleterious gases.
ANTIMIASMAT'IC, AntimiaKmat'icuo, from
avn, 'against,' and fiiaa^ia, pnaaiiaroi, 'miasma.'
A remedy against miasmatic aflfection«
ANTIMOINE, Antimoniura — n. jjeurre d',
Antimonium muriatum— «. Chlorwe d', Antimo-
niura munatum— a. Oj-(We (/', Algaroth— n. Oxide
Uunc d', Antimonium diaphoreticum— a »jufre
dore d', Antimonii sulphuretum praicipitatum —
a. Sulfure cZ, Antimonium— «. Sulfure, hydroeuU
A N T I M 0 N I A L
ANTIMONIUM
phure rouge d', Anlimonii Eulphurctum rubrura
— a. Ven-e iP, Antiuionii vitrum.
ANTIM0'NIAL,^/<n»omia7i«, Stibia'Us, from
autimoitiitm, 'antimony.' A composition into
which antimony enters. A preparation of anti-
mony.
An'timo'nial Powder, Pulvig antiwonia'lh,
Ox' ilium iinlimo'nii cum phos'phate calcio, Phus-
phiiH cfilcia atibia'tiis seu cnl'cicum stibin'tum,
Pid'viH Jame'sii seu ntibia'tua seu de phot'phiite
cold's et Ktib'ii compositiiK, Factitious James's
Powder, SchwANBEKg's Fever Powder, Chene-
Vix's Aiitimonial Powder, (F.) Poudre aiitimo-
iiinle composee ou de James. A peroxide of an-
timony combined with phosphate of lime. {Tal.e
of coiniiton snlphurct of antimmnj, tbj ; hartKhorn
ehficimjK, Ibij. Roast in an iron pot, until they
form a gray powder. Put this into a long pot,
with A small hole in the cover. Keep it in a red
heat for two hours, and grind to a fine powder.)
This preparation has long been esteemed as a
febrifuge: but it is extremely uncertain in its
action. The ordinary dose is 6 or 8 grains.
ANTTMONIALE CAUSTICUM, Antimonium
muriatum.
ANTIMONIATUM SULPHUR, Antimonii
Eulphuretum priccipitatum — a. Tartar, Antimo-
nium tartarizatum.
ANTIMONII BUTYRUM, Antimonium mu-
riatum — a. Calx, Antimonium diaphoreticum — a.
Cerussa, Antimonium diaphoreticum — a. et Po-
tassje tartras, Antimonium tartarizatum — a. Mu-
rias, Antimonium muriatum — a. Oleum, Antimo-
nium muriatum — a. Oxydulum hydrosulphuratum
aurantiacum, Antimonii sulpliuretum priccipita-
tum— a. Oxydum, see Algnroth — a. Oxydum aura-
turn, Antimonii sulphuratum praecipitatum — a.
Oxydum nitro-niuriaticum, Algaroth — a. Oxydum
cum sulphuro vitrifactura, Antimonii vitrum — a.
Oxyilum sulpliuretum vitrifactum, Antimonii vi-
trum— a. Oxysulphuretum, A. sulphuretum praeci-
pitatum— a. Potassio-tartras, AntiuKmium tartari-
zatum— a. llegulus tnedicinalis, Antimonium me-
dicinale — a. Sal, Antimonium tartarizatum — a.
Sulphur auratutn, Antimonii sulpliuretum pric-
cipitatum— a. Sulphur pr;Bcipitatum, Antinioiiii
sulphuretum praicipitatum — a. Sulphuretum,
Antimonium.
AnTIMO'NII SuLPHURE'TUM PRyTIOIPITA'TUM,
Sulphur antimouin'tum, Ili/drosulphure'tum uti-
bio'sum cum suV phure, Oco'den stib'ii snlphtu-ii'-
tum, O.ri/d'ulum autimo'itii hijdrosulphurn'liiiii
auranti'ocum, O.r'ydunt a urn' turn niitiiiio'iiii, Sitl-
phnre'tum stib'ii oxyduJa'ti, Ifi/dro-njd/ure'tum
lu'teum ox'ydi stib'ii sul/ura'ti. Sulphur autimo'-
iiii prcBcipita'tum, Sulphur aura'tum untimu'nii,
Golden Sulphur of Antimony.
Antimo'nii Sulphure'tum Prcpcipitatum, A. Oxy-
sulphuretum, (F.) Sou/re dor6 d'Aiitimoiue, of the
London Pharmacopoeia, is nearly the same as the
old Kermcs or Chcrmes Mineral. It is a powder
of an orange colour, of a metallic, styptic taste.
It is emetic, diaphoretic, and cathartic, according
to the dose; and has been chiefly used in chronic
rheumatism, and in cutaneous afl'ections. Dose,
gr. j to gr. iv.
Antimonii Sulphuretum Pracipitntum, of the
United States Pharmacopoeia, is made by boiling
together Sulphuret of Antimony, in fine powder,
Solution of Potniisn, and distilled water ; strain-
ing the liquor while hot, and dropping into it
Diluted Sulj>huric Acid SO long as it produces a
precipitate.
Antimo'nii Sulphure'tum Eubrum, 7?crf Sul'-
phuret of Antimony, HydrosulfHre'tum stib'ii
rubruni, Snb-hydrosul'fas stib'ii, Hydro-snlphure'-
tum rubrnm stib'ii sulphura'ti, Pulcis Carthusia-
vo'rum, Kcrmes or Chermes mineral, (F.) Hydro-
sulfure rouije d'Antimuiue sul/uri, Vermilion de
I Provence. Properties the same as the List. Dose,
gr. j to gr. iv.
Antimonii Tartras, Antimonium tartarizatum
— a. Tartras et PotassK, Antimonium tartarizatum
— a. Vitrum hyacinthinum, Antimonii vitrum — a,
Tersuliihuretum, Antimonium.
Antimo'nii Vitrum, Glass of Antimony, Anti-
vw'nii^ ox'ydum sulphure'tum vitrifae'tum. Ox' -
ydum stib'ii semivil'reum, Antimo'uium vitrifac'-
tum, Ox'ydum antimo'nii cum sul'phure vitrifac'-
tum, Vitrum stib'ii, Antimo'nii vitrum hyacin'-
thinum, Oxyd'ulum stib'ii vitrea'tum, (F.) }'erre
d'Antimuiue. (Formed by roasiing powdered
common antimony in a shallow vessel, over a
gentle fire, till it is of a whitish gray colour, and
emits no fumes in a red heat; then melting it, on
a quick fire, into a clean, brownish red glass.)
It has been used for preparing the tartarized
antimony and antimonial wine.
ANTIiMONIOUS ACID, Antimonium diapho-
reticum.
ANTIMO'NIUM, of unknown derivation : by
some supposed to be from am, 'against,' and
/ioi-oj, 'alone;' ?. e. not found alone: or, accord-
ing to others, from avn, 'against,' and moine, 'a
monk ;' because, it is asserted, certain monks
sutl'ered much from it. Stihi, Stib'ium, Rcg'ulua
Antimo'nii, JUnera'lium, Gynare'um, 3!n(jne'sia
Sntur'ni, jlfarcasi'la jilnm'bca, Platynphthal'mon,
Stim'mi, Aurnm lepro'sum, Antimo'nium vriulnm,
Antimo'nii sulphure'tum (Ph. U. B.), A. Ttrsul-
phure'tum, Sulphure'tum stib'ii niijrum, Common
or Crude Autimoinj, Sulphuret nf Antimony, (F.)
Antimoine, Sulfure d'Antimoine. Sulphuret of
antimony is the ore from which all the prejiara-
ti^ns of antimony are formed. In Pharmacy, it
is the native sestiuisulphuret of antimony, puri-
fied by fusion. When prepared for meilical use,
by trituration and levigation, it forms a powder,
Antimo'nii sulphure'tum prapara'tum, (Ph. D.)
of a black, or bluish gray colour, which is inso-
luble. It is slightly diaphoretic and alterative,
and has been used in chronic rheumatism, cuta-
neous diseases, <fec.
Antimonium Album, Bismuth — a. Calcinatum,
Antimonium diajihoreticum.
Antimo'nium Diaphoret'icum, Diaphoret'ic
Antimony, Antimo'iiions Acid, J/in'eral Jiez'oard,
Antimo'nium Calcina'tnm, Mineral Diaphoret'ic,
Matiere perlee de KkrkriNG, Peroxide of Anti-
mony, ddx Antimo'nii, Antimo'nium diaphoret'-
icum latum, Cerus'sa Antimo'nii, Calx Antimo'nii
elo'ta, Oxo'dcs stib'ii album, Ox'ydum stibio'snm,
Ox'ydum stib'ii album median'te nitro confectuiu,
Potasses biantimo'nias, Deutoxide of Antimony,
(F.) Oxide blanc d'Antimoine preparS par le
may en dn nitre. [Common antimony, tbj; jmri/ied
nitre, ftiij. — Throw it by spoonfuls into a red-hot
crucible ; powder and wash. The flowers that
stick to the side of the crucible must be carefully
separated, otherwise they render it emetic)
Dose, gr. x. to xxx.
Antimonium Emetici'M, A. tartarizatum.
Antimo'nium Medicina'lk, A'ey'ulus Antimo'-
nii Medicina'lis, Medic" Innl Reifnlns of Anti-
mony. [Antimon. suljthur. ^v Potass, subcarb.
^i Sodii chlorid. ^\v. Powder, mix, and melt.
When cold, separate the scoriic at top, powder
the mass, and wash it well.) It is conceived to
be more active than common antimony.
.Antimo'nium Muria'tum, Antimo'nii Mu'ria«,
Chlor'uret of Au'timony, Chlorurc'tum stib'ii,
Spuma trium draco'num, Deuto-mnrlas stib'ii
sublima'tus, Butter of Antimony, Muriate of An-
timony, Chloride of Antimony, Ihity'rnm Antimo'-
nii seu stib'ii, O'leum Antimo'nii, Caus'ticum anti-
monin'le, Antimonium sali'tum, (F.) Chlorure
d'Antimoine, Beurre d'Antimoine. (Common an-
ANTmONY
ANTIPIIYSICAL
timnny ntiil corrosive sublimate, of each equal
parts : griiTl tor;ether, ami distil in a wide-necked
retort, and let the butyraceous matter, that comes
over, run, in a moist, place, to a liquid oil.) A
caustic, but not much used as such. Sometimes
taken as poison.
Antimonujm SALiTr>f. Antimonium muriatum.
Antisio'nium Taiitahiza'tlim, 'J\u-trn8 anti-
nil/ nil, TarlriiH Aittimo'nii et t'ot<i.s>i(B, Aiitiino'-
mi et I'ofnsscB Ttirtnis (Ph. U. S.), Aiitimo'nii
jMitan'sio-tartrnx, Tnrfris Antiino'itii, Tartar An-
tiinoni'a'tnm, Snl Aiitimo'nii, Tcirtrus Potan'xw
stibio'uKS sou etibia'lis, Tartris lixin' i(B stil/ia'tiis,
Deiito-tartrnn potas'ncB et stib'ii, Tar'tarns emet'-
icus seu utibia'tun, Tar'taritm emet'icnm, Antimo'-
iiiiiin cmet'iciini, Tar'larized An'timony, Tartrate
of Antimony and potan'sa, Potatsio-tartrate of
Antimony, Eniet'ic Tartar, Tartar Emetic, (P.)
Tartre stibie, Tartre Jiinetiqne, Enu'tique ; in
some parts of the United States, vulgarly and
improperly called Tartar: (Made by digesting
snl/ihnret of antimony in a mixture of nitric and
■muriatic acids with the aid of heat; filtering the
liquor, and pouring it into water: freeing the
precipitate from acid, by washing and drying it;
adding this powder to bitartrute of potasKa in
boiling diitillcd water ; boiling for an hour, and
after filtering the liquor while hot. setting it
aside to crystallize. — I'h. U. S.) Tartarized an-
timony is emetic, sometimes cathartic and dia-
])horetic. Externally, it is rubefacient, and in
the form of ointment, more especially iini/uentnvi
anti'monii is used to cause pustulation. l)ose, as
an emetic, gr. j to gr. iv in solution: as a dia-
phoretic, gr. one-sixteenth to gr. one-quarter.
The empirical preparation, called Nomns's
Duoi'S, consists of a solution of tartarized anti-
mony in rectified spirit, disguised by the addi-
tion of some vegetable colouring matter.
ANTiMoNiinr ViTiuPACTUM, Antiinonii vitrum.
ANTTMOXY, Antimonium — a. Ihitter of,
Antimonium muriatum — a. Chloride of, Anti-
monium muriatum — a. Chloruret of, Antimo-
nium muriatum — a. Common, Antimonium —
ii. Crude, Antimonium — a. Deutoxide of, Anti-
monium diiiphoreticum — a. Flowers of. Alga-
roth — a. Glass of, Antimonii vitrum — a. Golden
sulphur of, Antimonii sulphuretum praecipitatum
— a. Medicinal regulus of, Antimonium raedici-
nale — a. Muriate of, Antimonium muriatum — a.
Peroxiile of, Antimonium diaphoreticum — a.
Potassio-tartrate of, Antimonium tartarizatum —
.1. Sulphuret of, red, Antimonii sulphuretum ru-
brum — -a. Tartarized, Antimonium tartarizatum —
a. Terchloride of, see Algaroth — a. Teroxide of,
see Algaroth — a. Vegetable, Eupatorium perfoli-
atum.
Antimony and Potassa, Tartrate op, Anti-
monium tartarizatum.
ANTINEPHRIT'IC, Aminephret'ic, Antine-
phret'icm, from apri, 'against,' and ve(ppiTis, 'ne-
phritis.' A remedy for inflaminabion of the kidney
ANTINEUROPATHIC, Nervine.
ANTIXEUROTIC, Nervine.
ANTINIAD, see Antinial.
ANTIN'IAL, from avn, 'against,' and tviov,
'the ridge of the occiput.' An epithet for an
aspect towards the side opposite to the inion, or
ridge of the occiput. — Barclay. Antiniad is used
adverbially by the same writer, to signify ' to-
wanls the antinial aspect.'
ANTrOCill IU'ERA. A preparation ex-
tolled by the ancients in melancholy, hydropho-
bia, epilepsy, &c. It was formed of germander,
agaric, pulp of colocynth, Arabian stoechas, opo-
ponax, sagapenum, parsley, aristoloehia, white
pepper, cinnamon, lavender, myrrh, honey, &c.
Antiochi Tiikriaca. A theriac employed by
Antiochiis Ajjaiiist every kind of poison. It was -
composed of thyme, opoponax, millet, trefoil,
fennel, aniseed, nigella sativa, <fec.
ANTIODONTAL'GIC, AntodontiVgic, Anto-
dontal'yicus, Odontal'ijic, Odont'ic, Antiodontal'.
gicim, from avn ' against,' and oiovraXyta, 'tooth-
ache.' A remedy for toothache.
ANTIORGAS'TIC, AnliorgaH'ticm, from avn,
' against,' and opyau). ' I desire vehemently.' A
remedy for orgasm or erethism, and for irritation
in general.
ANTIPARALY'T'IC, Antipara/yt'iciw, from
avn, ' against,' and jrapaAuffij, 'pals^'.' Opposed
to palsy.
ANTIPARASIT'IC, Antlparasit'icnK, Aiiti.
jjhiheiriacns, PhtJii'riui, Parasit'icide ; from avn,
' against,' and Trapatriro?, ' a parasite.' An agent
that destroys parasites, as the different vermin
that infest the body. The chief antiparasitics
are Coccnlns, Staph inayria, Veratriini album, and
certain of the mercurial preparations.
ANTIPARASTATI'TIS, from ai-n, ' opposite,'
and TzapaaTarni, ' the epididymis ;' also, ' the pros-
tate,' and itix, denoting inflammation. lufiam-
mation of Cowper's glands.
ANTIPATHI'A, from ai/ri, 'against,' and iraOof,
'passion, affection.' Aversion. A natural re-
pugnance to any person or thing.
ANTIPATir'rC, Ant i path' icus, (F.) Antipu-
thiqne. Belonging to antipathy. Opposite, con-
trary,^—as hnmeurn aiilipathiqiics ; humours op-
posed to each other. Also, palliatives.
ANTIP'ATRI TIIERIACA, Theriac of M-
tip'ater. A farrago of more than 40 articles:
used as an antidote against the bites of serpents,
ANTIPERIOD'IC, Antiperiod'ieu'!, Anfityp'.
icnn, from niTf, 'against,' and Trcpioio;, 'period.'
A remedy which possesses the power of arresting
morbid periodical movements ; — e. g. the sulphato
of quinia in intermittents.
ANTIPERISTAL'TIC, AntiperiHal'tiens, An-
tivermic'idar, from avn, 'against,' and zcoitsTtWiii,
' I contract.' An inverted action of the intestinal
tube.
ANTIPERIS'TASIS,from avn, 'against,' and
neptaraaii, 'reunion, aggregation.' A union of
opposite circumstances : the action of two con-
trary qualities, one of which augments the force
of the other. The i)eripateticians asserted, that
it is by Antiperistasis, that fire is hotter in winter
than in summer. Theophrastus attributes the
cause, which renders man more vigorous, and
makes him digest more readily in winter, to the
augmentation of heat caused by Antiperistasis.
ANTIPER'NIUS, from avn, 'against,' and
Pernio, 'a chilblain.' A remedy against chil-
blains ; — as Unrjnen'tum antiper'nium, an oint-
ment for chilblains.
ANTIPERTUSSIS, see Zinci sulphas.
ANTIPESTILENTIALIS, Antiloimic.
ANTrPIIARMACUS, Alexipharmic.
ANTIPIILOGIS'TIC, AntiphUqix'ticni,, PWc
ffo'fjus, from avn, ' against,' and ^Xtyu, ' I burn.'
Opposed to inflammation; as Antiphloyistic re-
mediei, A. reqimen, <fec.
ANTIPIITHEIRrAGA, Antiphthiriaca, from
avn, 'against,' and (pStipiaio, 'I am lousy.' A
remedy used to destroy lice.
ANTIPIITHIS'ICAL, Antiphthis'icm, from
avn, 'against,' and <j,^iaii, 'consumption.' Op-
posed to phthisis.
ANTIPHYSETICS, Carminatives.
ANTIPHYSICA, Carminatives.
^ ANTIPIIYS'ICAL, AntiphyH'icns, from avn,
agivinst,' and (jivaaw, 'I blow.' An expeller of
wind : a carminative.
It has also been used for any thing preterna-
tural; here, the derivation is from avn, 'a"-ainst,'
and 0„orK, 'nature.' The French sometim"es say,
Uh fjofu untiphyHique; 'au unnatural taste.'
A N T 1 1' [. A 3 T I C
ANTRUM
ANTIPLAS'TIC, Aniipl„>,'t;rH.t, J>l<isHI,,i';c,
Pliiatili/t' icKv, from avTi, ' against,' and Tt)iaaTiKos,
'formative.' Antiloriniitive. An agent that
diniinixhes the quantity of plastic matter — fibrin
— in the blood.
ANTIPLEURIT'IC, Antipleuret'icua, Anti-
pleiiret'ic, from avri, 'against,' and vXcvpirti,
' pleurisy.' Opposed to pleurisy.
ANTil'NEUMON'IC, Antipnenmon'icus, from
avTi, 'against,' and TTvevfiijivta, 'disease or inflam-
mation of the lungs.' A remedy for disease or
inflammation of the lungs.
ANTI PODAGRIC, Antiarthritic.
ANTIPIIAX'IS, from avrt, 'against,' and
Trpaaao), ' I act.' A contrary state of different
parts in the same patient: e. g. an increase of
heat in one organ, and diminution in another.
ANTIPSOll'IC, Aiitipso'n'cHu, Antiaca'biouH,
from avTt, 'against,' and xpuipa, 'the itch.' (F.)
Aiifi'/'i/eii.r. Opposed to the itch.
ANTIPUTHID, Antiseptic.
ANTIPY'IC, Aniipy'ictts, from avri, 'against,'
and TTvov, '])us.' Opposed to suppuration.
ANTIPYRETIC, Febrifuge.
ANTIPYROT'IC, Antipijrot'icun, from avTi,
'against,' and nvp, 'fire.' Opposed to burns or
to pyrosis.
ANTIQUARTANA'RIUM, Antiqiiar'tlnm. A
remedy formerly used against quartan fever.
ANTIQUUS, Chronic.
ANTIRIIACIIIT'IC, Antlrhachit'icus, from
nvTi, 'against,' and rachitis. Opposed to rachitis,
or riclict':.
ANTIRIIEUMAT'IC, Antirrhcnmat'icua; from
avTi, ' against,' and pcupa, 'rheumatism.' A re-
medy for rheumatism.
ANTIRIIINUM ACUTANGULUM, A. Lina-
ria — a. Auriculatum, A. Elatinc.
Antirhi'num Elati'ni?,, a. auricula' turn, Ela-
tl'ite, E. hnsta'ta, Liua'ria elali'ne, Cymhula'riu
clati'ne, Flitellfii or Female Speedwell, was for-
merly used against scurvy and old ulcerations.
ANTiitniNUM IIeperaceum, a. Linaria — a.
Ilederrefoliura, A. Linaria.
Antiuhi'num Lina'uia, A. hedera'ceum sen
hedcra/o'liiim seu acittan'gtdum, Lina'ria, L.
vntgn'ria seu cjjmhala' via, Elati'ne cymhala'-
rii(, Cijnihala'ria mvra'lin, Ofi/'riK, Uriiia'ria,
Common Toad Flax, (F.) Linaire. Onl. Scrophu-
lariacesB. The leaves have a bitterish taste. They
arc reputed to be diuretic and cathartic. An
ointment made from them has been extolled in
hemorrhoids.
ANTISCABIOUS, Antipsorie.
ANTLSCIRRHOUS. Anticancerous.
ANTISCOLETICUS, Anthelmintic.
ANTISCOLICUS. Anthelmintic.
ANTISCORBU'TIC, Antiscorbu'ticns, from
avTi, 'against,' and acorhiitus, 'the scurvy.' Op-
posed to scurvy.
ANTISCROF'ULOUS, AntiscropV xdowt, An-
tixrrofiilu'sns, Aiitistrumo'sm, Antichoerad'icus.
Opposed to scrofula.
ANTISEP'TIC, Antiiep'ticus, Antipu'trid,
from avTi, 'against,' and (r»;Troj, 'putrid.' Anti-
pntredino'sus. Opposed to putrefaction. The
chief antiseptics, internally or e.xternally em-
ployed, arc Acidiim Mmiaticnm, Acidiim X'itri-
cnm, Acidiim Siilphiiricum, A^iminte sidphas,
Carlo Li</iii, Calx Chloriitata, Chlorin'inm, Cin-
chona anil its active principles, Creosote, Dauci
J'ddi.r, Ft rnientnm CerevisicB, Soda Chlorinata,
and Zinci Chloridnm. , . . , , . .
ANTISIAL'AGOGUE, Antistalago'gus, Anti-
si'ahw, from avri, 'against,' and maXov, 'saliva.'
A remoiJv against ptyalism.
ANTI.^PASIS. Derivation, Revulsion.
ANTISP.VSMOD'IC, Amispanmod'icns, ylii^i'-
sp'i.,'ticn>:, from avri, 'against, and c-aw, ' I con-
tract.' Opposed to spasm. The whole operation
of antispasmodics is probably revulsive. The
following are the chief reputed antispasmodics.
yEtlicr SulphuriciiK, Asafatida, Caatorcum, Vra-
contium, Jfoachiia, Oleum Animnle Uipipelii, and
Valeriana — with the mental antispasmodics, ab-
straction, powerful emotions, fear, &c. Of direct
antispasmodics, we have no example.
ANTISPASTICUS, Antispasmodic, Deriva-
tive.
ANTISQUA'MIC, Antiaqua'micus ; from onti,
'against,' and squama, 'a scale.' A name given
by Mr. Headland to a medicine, which, by acting
on the blood, removes cutaneous affections. The
name is inappropriate, as the true scaly diseases
— lepra and psoriasis — are not the only ones that
require the use of eutrophics.
ANTISTASIS, Antagonism.
ANTISTERYG'MA, from avn, 'against,' and
aTripvYpa, ' a support.' A fulcrum, support, crutch.
— lIi])pocrates.
ANTISTER'NUM, from avn, 'against,' and
oTcpvov, ' the sternum.' The back. — Rufus.
ANTISTRUMOUS, Antiscrofulous.
ANTISYPHILIT'IC, Antisyphilil'icua, from
avTi, 'against,' and syphilin, 'the venereal dis-
ease.' Opposed to the venereal disease.
ANTITASIS, Counter-extension.
ANTITIIENAR, Opponens poUicis, Adductor
pollicis pedis.
ANTITIIERMA, Refrigerants.
ANTITHORA, Aconitum anthora.
ANTITRAG'ICUS, Anlitra'>jeua, (F.) Miiacle
de I'Antitragiis, M. antitrai/icn.- — (Ch.) Belong-
ing to the antitragus. A small muscle is so
called, the existence of which is not constant.
It occupies the space between the antitragus and
anthelix.
ANTITRAGIEN, Antitragicus.
ANTIT'RAGUS, from avrt, ' opposite to,' and
rpayug, 'the tragus,' Antilo'hium, Ohlo'bium. A
conical eminence on the pavilion of the ear, op-
posite the tragus.
ANTITY'P'IA, from avrt, 'against,' and ruTrru,
' I striiie.' Resistance. Hardness. Repercus-
sion.
ANTITYPICUS, Antipcriodic.
ANTIVENE'REAL, Autirene'reua, from avri,
'against,' and Venus, 'Venus.' The same as An-
tisyphilitic. Formerly it was used synonymously
with Antaphrodisiac.
ANTIVERMICULAR, Antiperistaltic.
ANTIVERMINOSUS, Anthelmintic.
ANT'LIA or ANTLI'A, from avrAjiv, 'to
pump out.' A syringe; a pump. Hence, Antlia
lac'tea, Laciisu't/ium, a breast-pump: and Antlia
sanf/uisu'yn, Antibdel'la, Hiru'do artijicia'lia, the
exhausting syringe used in cupping.
Antlia Gastrica, Stomach-pump.
ANTODONTALGIC, Antiodontalgic.
ANTODYNUS, Anodyne.
ANTRAX, Anthrax.
ANTUE, Antrum — a. d'Hyghmore, Antrum
of Highmore.
ANTROVERSIO, Anteversio.
ANTRUM, 'a cavern,' Carem'a, Bar'ntJirum,
(F.) Autre. A name given to certain cavities in
bones, the entrance to which is smaller than the
bottom.
Antbiim AiiRis, Tj-mpanum — a. Buccinosum,
Cochlea, Labyrinth — a. Dentale, see Tooth — a.
Pylori, see Stomach.
Antrum of HiGHMOnE, Antrum Uighmoria'-
nnm seu GencB seu maxilla're seu maxil'la: supe-
rio'ria, Genyan'trum, Gnathan'trum, Ma.r'iltnry
Sinus, Sinus Gencr. pitnitu' rius, (F.) Autre d'llytjh-
(i more, Siinis M<i.rillairc. A deep cavity in the
j substance of the superior maxillnry hone com-
il municating with the middle meatus of the nose.
ANTSJAR
APERIENT
It is lined by a prolongation of the Schnciderian
membrane.
ANTSJAR, Upas.
AXULARIS, Annular,
ANULUS, Fossette.
AXURESIS, Ischuria.
AXURIA, Ischuria.
ANUROCRINIE, see Ischuria.
ANURORRHEE, see Ischuria.
ANUS, 'a circle,' Podcx, Potcr, Mol'yne, Mo-
h/)i'ie, Dactjl'ioH, Caih'edra, Ci/r'ceoii, Cyn'ntiros,
Ci/sthos, Aph'edra, ApJt'edron, Hedra, Proctoa,
Archos, Sedes, Cuius, Cu'leon. The circular open-
ing situate at the inferior extremity of the rectum,
by which the excrement is expelled. The /nndn-
•uent. The body. The seat, (F.) Siege, Fonde-
ment.
Anus also signifies the anterior orifice of the
Aqueduct of Sylvius. By some, this Anus, called,
also, Fora'men commu'ne poste'rius, has been
supposed to form a communication between the
back part of the third ventricle and the lateral
ventricles. It is close'd up, however, by the tela
choroidea, and also by the fornix, which is inti-
mately connected with this. The foramen is
situate between the commissura mollis of the
optic thalami and the pineal gland.
Anus, Artificial. An opening made artifi-
cially, to supply the place of the natural anus. The
term is often used to include preternatural anus.
Anus Cerebiu, see Aquajductus Sylvii.
Anus, Contract'ed, (F.) Anus retreti. A state
of the anus when, from some cause, it is con-
tracted.
Anus, Imper'forate. A malformation, in
which there is no natural anus. See Atresia ani
adnata.
Anus, Preternat'ural, (F.) Anns contre na-
ture, A. anormal. An accidental opening which
gives issue to the whole or to a part of the fceces.
It may be owing to a wound, or, which is more
common, to gangrene attaclsing the intestine in
a hernial sac.
This term is also employed, as well as Anus
devie, de'vioHS anus, to the case where the anus, in-
stead of being in its natural situation, is in some
neighbouring cavity, as the bladder, vagina, etc.
ANXIETAS, Anxiety — a. Praecordiorum, see
Anxiety.
ANXI'ETY, Anxi'etas, Anxi'etude, Adcenio'-
n!a, Dyspho'ria anxi'etas, Alys'mus, Al'yce, AV-
ysis, Ase, (F.) Anxiete, from an/jere, Gr. ayytiv,
'to strangle, to sufToeate.' A state of restlessness
and agitation, with general indisposition, and a
distressing sense of oppression at the epigastrium,
Anxi'etas prcecordio'rum. Inquietude, anxiety,
and anguish, represent degrees of the same con-
dition.
ANYPNIA, Insomnia.
AOCHLE'SIA, from a, priv., and o)(\as, 'dis-
turbance.' Tranquillity, calmness.
AOR'TA, Arte'ria maijna seu crassn seu max'-
ima, HcBinal Axis, of Owen, (F.) Aorte. This
name was given by Aristotle to the chief artery
of the body. It may have been derived from
aoprcojiai, 'I am suspended,' as it seems to be
suspended from the heart: or from arip, 'air,' and
Trjpiu), 'I keep,' because it was supposed to con-
tain air. It is probable that Hippocrates meant
by aoprai the bronchia and their ramifications.
The aorta is the common trunk of the arteries of
the body. It arises from the left ventricle of the
heart, about opposite to the fifth dorsal vertebra,
passes upwards {ascending Aorta), forms the great
arch of the Aorta, and descends along the left
of the spine {descending Aorta), until it reaches
the middle of the fourth or fifth lumbar vertebra,
■where it bifurcates, to give origin to the common
iliacs. The aorta is sometimes divided into the
Thoracic or Fertoral, and the Ahdonilnal. For
the arteries which arise from it, etc., see Artery.
AORTASIE, Aorteurysma.
AOH TEUTASIE, Aorteurysma.
AORTEURYS'MA, from ao,,Tr,, 'the aorta,'
and ivpvi, 'dilated.' Aneurism of the Aorta, (P.)
Ancvrysnie de I'Aorte, Aortectasie, Aortasie. —
Piorry. By carefully auscultating over the dor-
sal vertebras, a bellows' sound, with a deep aud
not always perceptible impulse, may be detected.
AOR'TIC, Aor'ticus. Relating to the Aorta,
The Aortic ventricle, (F.) Veutricule Aortique, ia
the left ventricle. The Aortic valves are the sig-
moid valves at the origin of the Aorta, etc.
AORTI'TIS, Injlamma'tio Aor'tce, from Aorta,
and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation
of the aorta.
AORTRA, Aortron. A lobe of the lungs.—
Ilippocrateii.
AO'TUS, from a, privative, and ouf, ioroi, 'an
ear.' A monster devoid of ears. — Gurlt.
APAG'MA, Apoclas'ma, Apocecaulis'menon,
from HTTo, 'from,' and ayo), 'I remove.' Separa-
tion, abduction. Separation of a fractured bone.
— Galenus, Foesius.
APAGOGE, Defecation, Inductio.
APALACHINE, Ilex vomitoria— a. u Fenillea
de Prunier, Prinos — a. Gallis, Ilex vomitoria.
APAL'LAGE, Apallax'is, from aTraXarno, 'I
change.' Mutation, change. It is generally
taken in a good sense, and means the change
from disease to health. — Hippocrates.
APALLAXIS, Apallage.
APALOT'ICA, from airaXorri?, 'softness, ten-
derness.' Fortuitous lesions or dcforuiitics affect-
ing the soft parts. The first order in the class
Tychica, of Good.
APAXTHESIS, Apanthismus.
APANTHIS'MUS, Apnnthe'sis, from oto,
'from,' and avQcw, 'I floAver.' The obliteration
of parts previously inservient to useful purpofe?,
as of the ductus venosus and ductus arteriosus,
which are essential to foetal existence, but are
subsequently unnecessary. See also Stuprum.
APANTHRO'PIA, from avro, 'from,' and av-
^puiTToq, 'man.' Detestation of man; desire fur
solitude. — Hippocrates. One of the symptoms
of hypochondriasis.
APAPHRISMOS, Despumation.
APARACH'YTUM VINUM. from a, priv.,
and ■Kapa'xyoi, 'I pour over.' The purest wine:
that which has not been mixed with sea-water. —
Galen.
APARIXE, Galium aparine — a. Hispida, Ga-
lium aparine.
APARTHROSIS, Diarthrosis.
AP'ATHY, Apathi'a, Ameli'a, from a, priva-
tive, and iza^og, 'affection.' (F.) Apathie. Ac-
cidental suspension of the moral feelings. It
takes place in very severe diseases, particularly
in malignant fevers.
APECHE'MA, from otto, 'from,' and i/X"?.
'sound.' Properly the action of reflecting sound.
In medicine, it is synonymous with the Latin
Contrafissura, a counter-fissure, a counter-blow.
— Gorrfeus, Celsus.
APECTOCEPHALUS, Acephalothorus.
APEL'LA, Appel'la, Leipoder'nios, Rccuti'tm,
from a, priv., &nCi. pellis, 'skin.' One whose pre-
puce does not cover the glans. — Galenus, Lin-
naeus, Vogel. Retraction or smallness of any
other soft appendage.— Sagar. One who is cir-
cumcised.
APEPSIA. Dyspepsia.
APE'RIEXT, Apc'riens, Aperiti'rus, from ";<«-
rire (ab and pario), 'to open.' Res'erans. A
laxative. (F.) ApMtif. A medicine which
gently opens the bowels. The term bad for-
merly a much more extensive signification, and,
ATERISTATON
APIASTRUM
like Cutahjt'lcxim, was given to a substance sup-
Ijodfil to have tiie power of opening any of the
pagsi\j:i's. Mild even the blood-vessels.
APHHIS'TATON, Aperiv'tatum, from a, pri-
vntivo, and Ttimarrini, 'I surround.' An epithet
for an ulcer not dangerous nor considerable nor
surrounded by inflaintnation.
APKnrriF, Aperient.
Al'KRITlVUS, Aperient.
Al'EHTOll OCULI, Levator palpebrae supe-
rioris.
APERTO'RTUM, from nperio, 'I open.' An
iustrutnont for ililating the os uteri during labour.
Al'ERTUKA, Mouth — a. Anterior ventriculi
tertii cerebri, Vulva (cerebri) — a. Pelvis superior,
!,ee Pelvis.
APEUTIIYSME^"OS, Rectum.
APEX, Miwro. The point or extremity of a
part. — as the apex of the tongue, nose, etc.
Ai'KX LiNGU.-E, Proglossis.
APH.EIIESIS, Aphcrcsis, Extirpation.
APHALANGl'ASIS, from a, 'intensive,' and
(ioKay^, 'phalanx.' The fourth stage of Oriental
leprosy, which is recognised chiefly by a gangre-
nous condition of the lingers.
APJIASSOM'ENOS, from ai^aaa^, 'I touch, I
foel.' The touching of the parts of generation
of the female as a means of diagnosis. — llippo-
cratcs. See Esaphe.
APIIEDRA. Anus.
APllEDlUA, Menses.
APllEDHON, Anus.
A P II EL I' A, ai/isXjjf, 'simple.' Simplicity.
The siiiii)le manners of the sect of Methodists in
teaching and practising medicine.
APIIELX'IA, from acpc^Kw, 'I abstract.' Vo-
luntary inactivity of the whole or the greater
part of the external senses to the impressions of
surrounding objects, during wakefulness. Jie-
rcry, (F.) Iler-erie. Dr. Gotod has introduced
this into his Nosology, as well as Aphel.r'la so-
cora or absence of mind — A. infen'fn or abstrac-
tifftl of mind: and A. otio'sa, Slu'ditim ina'ue,
Cenosjiu'dia, broron stitd)/ or liatleaa niuaingi
APIIEPSEMA, Decoction.
APHETSIS, Decoction.
APIIE'IIESIS, AplKB'resia, from a<paiptiii, 'I
take away.' An operation by which any part of
the body is separated from the other, ilippo-
crates, according to Focsius, uses the expression
Aphas' resia Smi'tjiiinia for excessive hemorrhage;
and Sennertus, to express the condition of an
animal deprived both of the faculties of the mind
and of the mind itself.
APH'ESIS, from afirjjxi, 'I relax.' A remis-
sion. This word expresses sometimes the dimi-
nution or cessation of a disease; at others, lan-
guor and debility of the lower extremities. See
Lancuor, and Remission.
APIIILAN'TIIROPY, Aphilnnthro'pia, from a,
privative, ^i-Xtu, 'I love,' and av5pu;rof. 'a man.'
Dislike to man. Love of solitude. Vogel has
given tills name to the first degree of melancholy.
APHISTESIS, Abscess.
APIIODEUMA, Excrement.
APHODUS. Excrement.
APHONETUS, Aphonus.
APIIO'NIA, Liija'tio lingucB, Loqne'ln ahol'ita,
Defet:'tiia loqitc'lo!, Dijapho'nia, (of some,) Aph'-
oni/. (F.) Aphonic, Peite de In Voix, from a, pri-
vative, and ^(i>i/i), 'voice.' Privation of voice, or
of the sounds that ought to be pro<liiced in the
glottis. When aphonia forms part of catarrh or
of 'colli.' it is conunonly but of little consequence;
but when jiroduced by causes acting on the ner-
vous system, as by some powerful emotion, or
without any appreciable lesion of the vocal appa-
ratus, (Lari/H'jo-parcilj/ais,) it frequently resists
all remedies.
^ Aphoma, Catalepsy — a. Surdorum, Mutitas
."^urdorum.
APHONICUS, Aphonus.
APIIO'NUS, Apho'nicva, Apho'netua; same
ety.non. Relating to aphonia.
APHONY, Aphonia.
APIIORIA, Sterilitas.
AFIIORICUS, Sterile.
APiIORUS, Sterile.
APIIOIl'ME, aipopuri, 'occasion.' The exter-
nal and manifest cause of any thing. The occa-
sional cause of a disease. — Hippocrates.
APIIRO'DES, 'frothy,' from aippog, 'foam,'
and ci&og, 'resemblance.' Applied to the blood
and the excrements. — Hippocrates.
APHRODISIA, Coition, Puberty.
APIIRODIS'IAC, AphrodixirtcuK, from A0po-
iirri, 'Venus,' (P.) Aphrudiaiaque. Medicine
or food believed to be capable of exciting to the
pleasures of love; as ginger, cautharides, Ac.
They are generally stimulants.
APHRODISIACUS, Venereal.
APHRODISIASMUR. Coition.
APIIRODISIOG'RAPHY, from A0poA<r»,, 'Ve-
nus,' and yjjaipia, 'I describe.' Etyiiiolugically,
this term means a description of the pleasures of
love, but it has been placed at the head of a work
describing the venereal disease.
APHRODITIC, Venereal.
APIIROG'ALA, from a(/.pof, 'foam,' and ya\a,
'milk.' Lac apntiio'snm. A name formerly given
to milk rendered frothy by agitation.
APHRONIA, Apoplexy.
APHRONITRUM, Natrum, Soda.
APHROSYNE, Delirium, Insanity.
APlITIIiE, Apht(B, ApthcE, from arrru), 'I in-
flame." Tltrnah or aore month, Aphtha lactn'ci-
men seu Lifan'tnm, Lactn'cimQti, Laclnciin' ina,
Lactu'minu, Al'colcB, Em'phhjaia aphtha, Ulcera
aerpen'tia oris, I'ua'tuht oria, Febiia aphtho'aa,
Anr/i'nu aphtho'aa, Veaic'nlcB (/inr/ira' nun, Slo-
mati'tia exaudati'va seu vesicnio'aa infun'tntn, Sto-
map'yra, S. aphtha, Pninel'Ut, Whiti' Thruah,
Milk Thrnah. Aphtha; consist of roundish, pearl-
coloured vesicles, confined to the lips, mouth,
and intestinal canal, and generally terminating
in curd-like sloughs. In France, the Aphthae of
children, Aphlhea des En/ana, is called Mnrjuet,
Jlillet, Blanchet, Catarrhe buccal and Stotnatite
cremeitae 2>'dtacee, Pidtaceoita inflammation of
the 3Iouth ; and generally receives two divisions
— the mild or diecrcet, (F.) Mngnet benin ou dis-
cret, and the malignant, (F.) Jfngnet malin ou
confluent, the Black Thrush. Common Thrush is
a disease of no consequence, requiring merely
the use of absorbent laxatives. The malignant
variety, which is rare, is of a more serious cha-
racter, and is accompanied with typhoid symp-
toms,— Typhus aphtho'i'deus.
Armu.F. AntiLTOUDM, Stomatitis, aphthous — a.
Praeputii, Herpes pracputii — a. Serpen tes, Cancer
aquaticus.
APH'THAPHYTE, Aphthaph'yton : OYd'ium
alb'icans. Champignon du Muguet, from aipQai,
'aphthae.' and <f,vrov, 'a vegetable.' A parasitic
vegetable growth observed in aphthae.
APHTHE GAXGKENEUX, Cancer aqua-
ticus.
APHTHES DES EXFAXS, Aphth.-e.
APHTHEVX, Aphthous.
APIITHO'DES, Aphthoidea, Aphlhotdeua, from
aphtha, and ados, 'resemblance.' Aphthous-like.
Resembling aphtha^.
APH'TIIOUS, Aphtho'sua, (F.) Aphthcur. Be-
longing to aphtha?; complicated with aphtha);
as Aphthous Fci-cr.
APIASTRUM, Melissa.
APICES
APOGALACTOS
APICES CRURUM MEUULL.E OBLON-
OAT^, Corpora striata — a. Digitoruui, Pu-
pulic.
APILEPSIA, Apoplexy.
A'PIOL, Apio'lnm, Pdi-sley oil, from apiiim,
'par.-!ley,' and oleum, 'oil.' A yellowish oily
liquid, obtained from opium petroselinnm or
pat-Hley, which, in the dose of 15 grains, has
been used as an antiperiodic.
APIOXTA, see Excretion.
APIOS, Pyrus communis.
APIS, Bee.
API'TES, from anov, 'a pear.' Perry. — Gor-
raeus.
APIUM, A. graveolens — a. Ammi, Ammi — a.
Anisum, Piinpinella anisum — a. Carvi, Carum.
A'pnur Graveolens, Apium, Paluda'pium,
Jieli'num, Se.n'eli (/rneeolenn, Sitim yrttveohns seu
"pium, Siiinllnr/e, (F.) Ache. Ord. Umbclliferae.
Sex. Sijst. Pentandria Digynia. The plants,
roots, and seeds are aperient and carminative.
Seleri/ is a variety of this.
Apium Hortexse, A. graveolens — a. Monta-
num, Athamanta aureosolinum — ^a. Paludapium,
A. Graveolens — a. Petrasum.Bubon Maeedonicum.
Apium Petroseli'nu.m, Apium Horten'se seu
vnUja're, E/eoeeli'num [? ], ' Grielum, PetioneW-
unm. Common Purslei/, (F.) Persil. The root —
I'etroselinum, (Ph. U. S.) — and seeds are diuretic
and aperient. See Apiol.
Apium Sium, Slum nodiflorum — a. Vulgare, A.
graveolens.
APLAS'TIC, Aplas'ficus, from a, privative,
and sAaiTirw, ' I form.' That which is not capable
(if forming ; or is not organizable.
Aplastic Element; one which is unsuscep-
tible of any farther amount of organization. —
(Jerber.
APLESTIA, Ingluvies, Intemperance.
APLEU'ROS, from a, privative, and n'Scvpov,
'a rib.' One without ribs, or pleuras. — Hippo-
crates, Galen.
APLOT'OMY, Aplotom'ia, from aTrAoof, 'sim-
ple,' and TCfivto, 'I cut.' A simple incision.
APNEE, Apnoea.
APNEUMATOSIS, see Atelectasis.
APNEU'MIA, from a,priv., and T;vtvjiu>v, 'lung.'
A monstrosity in which there is absence of lungs.
APNEUMONER'VIA, Apneumonen'rin, from
a, priv., ■nvtvjxh>v, 'lung,' and vivpov, 'nerve.'
Want of nervous action in the lungs.
APNEUSTIA, Apnoea, Asphyxia.
APNCE'A, from a, privative, and w^ia, 'I re-
spire.' {¥.) Apnee, Absence of respiration, A'e-
ti}ira'tio ahol'ita ; or insensible respiration. Also,
Urthopnoea. See Asphyxia.
APNfEA Infantum, Asthma Thymicum.
APNCEASPHYXIA, Asphyxia.
APNUS, aTvooj, same etymon. One devoid of
respiration. An epithet applied by authors to
cases in which the respiration is so small and
slow, that it seems suspended. — Castelli. It is
probable, however, that the word was always ap-
plied to the patient, not to the disease.
APO, airo, a prefix denoting 'from, of, off, out.'
Hence —
APOBAMMA, Embamma.
APOBAINON, Eventus.
APODESOMENON, Eventus.
APOBIOSIS, Death.
APOBLEMA, Abortion.
APOBOLE. Abortion.
APOBRASMA, Furfur.
APOCAPXISMUS, Fumigation.
APOCATASTASIS, Considentia, Restauratio.
APOCATHARSIS, Catharsis.
APOCATHARTICUS, Cathartic.
APOCECAULIS-MENON, Apagma.
APOCENO'SIS, Apnsceiio'sln, from azo, 'out,'
and Ktviaais, 'evacuation.' A partial evacuation
according to some, in opposition to Ccnosis, whicl
signifies a general evacuation. — Cullcn and Swe
diaur apply it to morbid fluxes.
Apocenosis, Abevacuatio — a. Diabetes mclli
tus. Diabetes — a. Ptyalismus mellitus, sec Saliva
tion — a. Voinitus pyrosis, Pyrosis.
APOCHOREON, Excrement.
APOCHREMMA, Sputum.
APOCIIREMPSIS, Exspuition.
i APOCII'YMA, from anoxcia, 'I pour out.' A
sort of tar, obtained from old ships, which is im-
pregnated with chloride of sodium. It was used
as a discutient of tumours. — Aetius, Paulus,
Gorraeus.
APOCm GOBE-MOUCHE, Apocynum an
drosremifolium.
APOCLASMA, Abduction, Apagma.
APOCLEISIS, Asitia, Disgust.
APOCOPE, from ano, and kovtuv, 'to cut.'
Abscission. A wound with loss of substance.
Fracture with loss of part of a bone. Amputation.
APOCOPIIS, Castratus.
APOCRISIS, Contagion, Excrement, Secre-
tion.
APOCROUS'TIC, Apncrous'tica seu Apocrm'-
ticn, (remed'ia,) from airo, 'out,' and A-pouM, 'I
push.' An astringent and repellent. — (ialcnus.
APOCRUSTICA, Apocroustic.
APOCYESIS, Parturition.
APOCYN, see Apocynum Cannabinuni.
APOCYNIN, see Apocynum Cannabinum.
APOCYNUM ANDROSiEMIFO'LIlJxM,(Ph.
U. S.) from OTTO, and kuwv, 'a dog,' because es-
teemed, of old, to be fatal to dogs. Doff'n Bane,
Bitter Boy's Bane, Milkweed, Bitterroot, Honey,
bloom, Catdifly, Flytrnp, Iji'ecac, Amer'iean Ipe-
cac, (F.) Apocin gohe-mouclie, A. amer. Ord.
Apocynaceic. Sex. Si/st. Pentandria Digynia.
The root of this plant is found from Canada to
Carolina. Thirty grains evacuate the stomacli
as effectually as two-thirds of the amount of
Ipecacuanha, by which name it is known in vari-
ous parts of the Eastern States. It is in the
secondary list of the Pharmacopoeia of the United
States.
Apocynum Cannab'inum, (Ph. U. S.) Indian
Hem]}. This American plant possesses emetic,
cathartic, diaphoretic and diuretic properties, has
been strongly recommended in dropsy, and
has been given in decoction, — ^ij of the rcft
boiled in three pints of water to two. A wine-
glassful for a dose. An active principle, Apoci/n
or Apocynin, has been extracted from the root.
Apocynu.m IIvpericefo'lium, a variety of A.
cannabinum, which, as well as A. androsaMiiifo-
lium, abounds in a milky juice. This, when ap-
plied to the skin, produces a troublesome erup-
tion resembling flea-bites : hence, the plants have
been termed, by the voya(jeurs in the Hudson's
Bay territory, Herbes d In puce.
Apocynum Novyf; Anglic IIirsutum, Ascle-
pias tuberosa— a. Orange, Asclepias tuberosa— a.
Scandens, Allamanda.
APODACRYT'ICUS, Belachnjmati'vus, from
ano, 'from,' and <5«<(puio, 'I weep.' A substance,
supposed to occasion a flow of the tears, and then
to arrest them.— CoUunolla, Pliny, Galenus.
APODEMIALGIA, Nostalgia.
APOD'IA, from a, privative, and rots, -om,
'afoot.' Want of feet; hence Apoun or Apu>,
one who has no feet.
APODYTE'RIUM, Coniste'rium, Spoliato'-
rium, Spolia'rium, from arroivht, 'I strip off.' The
ante-room, where the bathers stripped themselves
in the ancient gymnasia.
APOGALACtlSMUS, Weaning
APOGALACTOS, Esubcr.
APOGEUSIS
■9
APOrLECTIC
APOGEUSIS, Ageustia.
AP0(;EUSTIA, Ageustia.
A1'0(;LAUCOSIS, Glaucosis.
AP(HiON'. Iinberbis.
Al'UtiMJNUM, from ano, and ytvofiai, '1 exist'
A liv iriL,' f(wtu.s in utero. — Hippocrates.
AP(JLEl>rsrS, Desquamation.
AI'OLKPISMUS, Desquamation.
APOLEP'SIS, A])oli;p'aUi, Apolip'ah, from
oToXufitJui'oi, ' I retain.' Itetention, suppression.
— lli|i|>c)crates. Asphyxia.
APOLEX'IS, from arruXjjyu), 'I cease.' Old
aj;c, ik'CTc'pifude.
APOLINO'SIS, from aro, and Xivov, 'a flaxen
tiiroiid.' Tiie mode of operating for fistula in
aiK). l)y means of a thread of Homolinon or Linuiii
cnidiim. — Hippocrates, Paulas.
APOEIPSrS. Apolepsis.
APOLLINAUIS ALTERCUM, llyoscyamus.
APOLUTICA, Cicatrisantia.
APOLYS'IAj^^joTysi's, from otoXdo), 'Iloosen.'
Solution. Relaxation. Debility of the limbs or
looseness of bandages. — Erotian. Expulsion of
the foetus and its dejiendeneies. Termination of
a disease. — Hippocrates, Galen.
APOMATHE'MA, Apomnthe'ais, from oto, and
fiav^avbi, ' I learn.' Forgetfulnessof things taught.
— Hippocrates.
APOM'ELI, from oto, 'of,' and ni:\i, 'honey.'
An oxymel or decoction made of honey.— Galen,
Aetius, Paulus, &a.
APOMi:XIS, Munctio.
APOMYLE'NAS, from a-^ofivWaivw, 'I make
a wry mouth.' One who pushes his lips forwards,
pressing them against each other. Occasionally
A symptom of nervous fever. — Galen, Erotian.
APOMYTHO'SIS, Apnmi/lto'nis, from a-roiwaaw,
' I snore.' A disease in which there is stertor. —
Sauvages, Sagar.
APO.MYXIA, Nasal mucus.
APONEUROG'RAPHY, Aponein-orji-a'phin,
from arrovtvpiiicrii, an ' aponeurosis,' and ypacpij,
' a description.' A description of the Aponeu-
roses.
A P 0 N E U R 0 L'O G Y, Apo)ieurnIog"ia, from
axovivimati, -'an aponeurosis,' and \oyos, 'a dis-
course.' Aponenrosiol'ogi/. The anatomy of the
aponeuroses.
APONEUROSIOLOGY, Aponeurology.
A PON EURO 'SIS, Apoiiei-ro'iits, from avo,
'from,' and vevpov, 'a nerve.' Pronerva'ti'o, De-
verva'tio, Enerva'tio, Ex'jynu'sio nervo'sn, (F. )
Aponeiirose, Apotievrose. The .ancients called
every white part vevpov, and regarded the Apo-
neurosis as a nervous expansion. The Aponeu-
roses are white, shining membranes, very resist-
ing, and composed of fibres interlaced. Some
are continuous with the muscular fibres, and difl^er
only from tendons by their flat form. They are
called Aponeuroses of inxertion, (F.) Apoiierroses
d'insertion, when they are at the extremities of
muscles, and attach them to the bone; — Aponeu-
roses of intersection, (F.) Aponerroses d'interscc-
tion, if they interrupt the continuity of the mus-
cle, and are continuous on both sides with mus-
cular fil>res. Others surround the muscle, and
prevent its displacement : tliey are called envelop-
ing Aponeuroses, (F.) Aponerroses d'enreloppe.
Ai'ONKitROSis, Fascia — a. Crural, Fascia lata —
a. Femoral, Fascia lata — a. Iliac, Fascia iliaca.
APOXEUROSI'TIS, from aponeurosis, and
ids, 'denoting inflammation.' Inflammation of
an apon.Mirosis.
APOXEUROT'IC, Aponeurot'icus. What re-
lates to Aponeuroses: — thus, we say Aponeurotic
exponsiou. Aponeurotic muscle, &C.
APONEUKOT'OMY'", Apnneurotom'ia, from
avovivpwati, ' aponeurosis,' and rc//i(D, ' I cut.'
Anatomy of aponeuroses.
Aponeurotomy has, also, been proposed for tho
division, {debridement) of filaments, Ac, in apo-
neurotic openings, and for the section of fasciaj.
AP0N£VR0SE P£dIEUSE, see Pedal
Aponeurosis — n. Superficielle de V Abdomen et de
la Ouisse, Fascia superficialis.
APONEVROSIS, Aponeurosis.
APOX'IA, from a, privative, and zovos, 'pain.'
Freedom from pain.
APONIPSIS, Ablution.
APOPALLE'SIS, Apopnl'sis, from as-OTraXXoj,
'I throw off.' Expulsion. Protrusion. — Hippo-
crates. Also, Abortion.
APOPATE'MA, Apop'athos, Apop'atus. Tho
excrement, and the place where it is deposited. —
Dioscorides, Erotian.
APOPEDASIS, Luxation.
APOPHLEGMATISANS PER NARES, Er-
rhine — a. jier Os, Sialogogue.
APOPHLEG.MATISAX'TIA, Aj^opJdegmati-
son'ta, Apophle(jniatls'nii, from oto, 'out,' and
(pXeyfia, ' phlegm.' Medicines which facilitate the
upward expulsion of mucus from the mucous
membrane of the digestive or air passages; as
gargles, masticatories, &c.
APOPHLEG'MATl SM, Apophler/matis'mus.
The action of Apophlegmatisantia. — Galen.
APOPHLEGMATISMI, Apophlegmatisantia.
APOPH'RADES, from a7zo(,^pns, ' unlucky.'
An epithet applied to unlucky days, {dies ne-
fandi.) Days on which a favourable change
is not expected to occur in a disease. — A. Lau-
rentius.
APOPIIRAXIS, Amcnorrhoea.
AV(nn\T\\A1V'SlA,Apoph'thorn, from ano, and
^•Sfifja), ' I corrupt.' Abortion, as "oil as a medi-
cine to procure abortion.
APOPHTHORA, Abortion.
APOPHTHOKIUS. Abortive.
APOPHY'ADES, from ano, 'from,' and duu,
'I spring.' The ramifications of veins and arte-
ries.— Hippocrates.
APOPHYSE BARJLAJBE. Basilary process
— a. Enyinnante ou riKjinnle, Vaginal jirocess —
a. Pt/rumidale, see Temporal Bone — u. Petree,
see Temporal Rone.
APOPHYSES EPIXEUSES, Spinous pro-
cesses of tho vertebra;.
APOPH'YSIS, from ano, 'from,' and ^vu, 'I
rise,' Ec'pliysis, Proces'sns, Appendix, Prominen'-
tia ossis contin'nn, A j)>'ocess of a bone. When
the apophysis is yet separated from the body of
the bone by intervening cartilage, it is called
Epiph'ysis. The apophyses or processes are, at
times, distinguished by epithets, expressive of
their form : as A. styloid, A. corncoid, &c. Others
are not preceded by the word apophysis; as Tro-
chanter, Tuberosity, &Q.
Apoph'ysis of Ingras'sias is a term applied
to the lesser ala of the sphenoid bone.
APoniY.sis JlAJiMiLLAiiis, Mastoid process.
Apoi'Hvsis of Rau, Grele opophyse du Mar-
tea u : see Malleus.
Apophysis Zygomatica, Zygomatic process.
APOPIES'MA, from anonte^u), 'I compress.'
Hippocrates uses the term to signify a fancied
expression or forcing out of humours by the
application of bandages in wounds and frac-
tures.
APOPEANESIS, Error loci.
APOPLECTIC, Apoplec'ticus. Referring to
Apoplexy. This word has various significations.
It is applied, 1. To individuals laboring under
apoplexy : 2. To remedies proper for combating
apoplexy : .3. To the constitution, temperament,
or make, Architeetu'ra apoplec'tica, Hah'itvs
apoplec'ticus seu quadra'tns scu toro'sus, which
predisposes to it, and, 4. To the symptoms whii-h
chanicterize apoplexy ; as Apoplectic sleep, A.
APOPLECTICUS
80
ArOSTASIS
stroJce, A. Ktertov, Ac. The juguliir veins have
also, by some, been called Ajwplectic veins, VencB
apoplec'ticcB.
Apoplectic Cell. Focus apopUc'ticus. A
cavity remaining in the enccphalon, after the
effusion of blood and its subsequent absorption.
APOl'LKCTICUS, Antiapoplectic, Apoplectic.
APOPLEXIA, Apoplexy — a. Catalcpsia, Cata-
lepsia — a. Corebralis, .«ee Apoplexy — a. Cerebri,
see Apoplexy — a. Cordis, Ilscuiocardiorrhagia —
a. Hepatiea, Hepatorrhagia — a. llydrocephalica,
Hj'drocephalus internus^a. Interarachnoidealis,
Apoplexj', meningeal — a. Intermeningealis, Apo-
plexy, meningeal — a. Medullaris, Apoplexiamye-
litica — a. Meningrea, Apoplexy, meningeal.
Apoplexia Myelit'ica, a. J/e(liiUa'ri8 seu
Spina' Us seu Rachin' lis,Haimor' thaehis, Mijelor-
)-hay"ia, Myehtpople.x'ia, (F.) Apoplexie de la
Moelle epiniere, Jlemorrliagie de la Jlitelle epi-
ni&re, Heinato-mi/elie, Heinu-myelon-Iia/jie, Heina-
torrhackie. Hemorrhage into the spinal mar-
row.
Apoplexia Nervosa, Apoplexy, nervous — a.
Nervosa traumatica, Concussion of the brain — a.
Oculi Htemophthalmia — a. Pituitosa, see Apo-
plexy— a. Pulmonalis, see Haemoptysis— a. Pul-
monum, see Hi«moptysis — a. Renalis, Apoplexy,
renal — a. Raehialis, A. myelitica^a. Sanguinea,
see Apoplexy — a. Serosa, see Apoplexy— a. Sim-
plex, Apoplexy, nervous — a. Spasmodica, Apo-
plexy, nervous — a. Spinalis, Apoplexia myelitica
— a. Temulcnta, see Temulentia.
APOPLEXIE CAPILLAIEE, Mollities cere-
bri— a. Cerebiale, Apoplexy, Hemorrhayie cere-
brale — a. da Cmur, Hasmocardiorrhagia.
APOPLEXIE FOUDROYANTE, 'Thun-
dering Apoplexy.' A form of apoplexy, which
is intense and rapidly fatal.
APOPLEXIE MENINGEE, Apoplexy, me-
ningeal— a. de la Iloelle Epinih-e, Apoplexy,
spinal.
AP'OPLEXY, Apoplex'ia, (Sc.) Poplesy, from
aroi:\riTTtiv, 'to strike with violence.' At the pre-
sent day, the term apoplexy is employed by many
writers to signify interstitial hemorrhage, (F.) IIc-
viorrharjie interstitielle, or every effusion of blood,
which occurs suddenly into the substance of an
organ or tissue. Hence, we speak of cerebral
apoplexy, pulmonary apoplexy, &c. &c. For-
merlj' it was always — and still is by many —
used in a restricted sense, to signify, in other
words, the train of phenomena, which charac-
terize cerebral apoplexy. This disease, Hmmor-
rha'gia Cer'ebri, Aphro'nia, Cams Ajioplex'ia,
Coma Apoplex'ia, Apoplex'ia cer'ebri sanguin'ea
seu cerebra'lis, Encephalorrhng"ia, San'guinis
ictus, Hamatenceph' alum, Pulpez'ia, Sidera'tio,
Apileps' ia, 3Iorbus atton' itns, Gutta, TUeophle'gia,
Theoplex'ia, (F.) Apoplexie, A. cerebrale, Hema-
toencephalie, Coujy de sang, is characterized by
diminution, or loss of sensation and mental ma-
nifestation ; by the cessation, more or less com-
plete, of motion ; and by a comatose state, — cir-
culation and respiration continuing. It generally
consists in pressure upon the brain ; either from
turgescence of vessels, or from extravasation of
blood : hence the terras HcEmenccph'alus, Hemor-
rhagic cerebrale, and Hemoencephalorrhagie, ap-
plied to it by some. The general prognosis is
unfavourable; especially when it occurs after the
age of 35. When Apoplexy is accompanied with
a hard, full pulse, and flushed countenance, it is
caWed Apoplex'ia sanguin'ea, Cataph'ora Coma;
when with a feeble pulse and pnle countenance,
and evidences of serous effusion, Apoplex'ia se-
ro'sa, A. pitnito'sa, Serous Apoplexy, Cataph'ora
hydrocephaV ica, Encephaloch'ysis seni'lis, Ilydro-
ceph'alus acu'tus senum, Hydroenccphnlorrhec,
(Piorry,) Uydropisie cerebrale snraiguc, Ilydror-
rhagie.
In Nervous Apoplexy, Apoplex'ia nervo'sa seu
spasmod'ica, A. simplex, Simple ajioplexy, no le-
sion whatever may be perceptible on dissection ;
although the p.atient may have died under all the
phenomena that are characteristic of apoplexy.
Apoplexy, Heat, see Coup-de-Soleil — a. of
the Heart, Hcemocardiorrhagia.
Apoplexy, Meninge'al, Apoplex'ia menin-
gm'a seu intermeningea' lis sen interarachno'idea'-
lis, (F.) Apoplexie mSning^e, Ilemorrhugie m6-
ningee. Hemorrhage from the meninges of the
brain or spinal marrow, generally into the great
cavity of the arachnoid.
Apoplexy, Nervoi'S, see Apoplexy — a. Pul-
mon.ary, see Hasmoptysis — a. Simple, A. Nervous.
Apoplexy, Renal, Apoplex'ia rena'lis. A
condition of the kidney, characterized by knotty,
irregular, tuberculated eminences, some of a deep
black colour. Effusion of blood into the substance
of the kidney.
Apoplexy, Serous, see Apoplexy — a. Spinal,
Apoplexia myelitica.
APOPNEUSIS, Exhalatio.
APOPNIXIS, Suffocation.
APOPNOE, Exspiratio.
APOPNCEA, Exspiratio.
APOPSYCniA, Syncope.
APOPTO'SIS, from ajroiiTrrco, 'I fall down.'
A relaxation of bandages. — Erotian.
APORRHOE, Aporrhoea.
APORRlIffi'A, Apor'rhoe, Apior'rhysis, Dejlu'-
vium, from anopfietj), 'I flow from.' An emana-
tion, effluvium, contagion. — Moschion. A falling
off of the hair, according to some.
APORRHYSIS, Aporrhoea.
APOSCEM'MA, Aposcep'sis, from azoaKtzoi,
'I lie down, I direct mj'self towards.' Afflux of
fluids towards a part. Metastasis. The first
word has been applied to the excrements. — Hip-
pocrates, Galen.
APOSCENOSIS, Apocenosis.
APOSCEPARNIS'MUS, Bcnscia'tio, from airo
and oKt-Kapvov, 'a hatchet.' Wound of the cra-
nium, by a cutting instrument, in which a piece
of the bone has been cut out, as with a hatchet.
— Gorrreus.
APOSCEPSTS, Aposcemm.a.
" APOS'CHASIS, Aposchas'mus, from oToirx^a^u),
'I scarify.' Scarijiea'tion. A slight superficial in-
cision in the skin. Also, blood-letting. — Hippoc.
APOS'IA, Sit is defec'tus, from a, privative,
and voats, ' drink.' Want of thirst, absence of
desire for liquids.
APOSI'TIA, from ojTo, 'from,' and ctitoj, 'food.'
Aversion for food. — Galen. See Disgust.
APOSIT'IC, j4/)&«/j'iicH«/ the same etymology.
Any substance which destroys the appetite, or
suspends hunger.
APOSPAS'MA, from an-otrn-uw, 'I tear or lace-
rate. (F.) Arrachement. A solution of continu-
ity, especially of a ligament; lihegma ligamcn-
tu're, Laceru'tio llgamenta'ria.
APOSPHACEL'ISIS, Ajwsphacelis'mus, from
oTto, and a(j)aK€Xos, ' mortification.' Gangrene in
wounds and fractures, owing to the bandages
being too tight.— Hippocrates.
APOSPHINX'IS,aTo<r0tyfij, constriction, com-
pression. The action of a tight bandage.— Hip-
pocrates.
APOSPONGIS'MUS, the act of sponging for
any purpose.— Gorraeus.
APOSTAIiAG'MA, Apostag'ma, from otto,
'from,' and (rraAa^u, ' I drop.' The ancient name
for the saccharine licjuor which flows from "-rapes
when not yet pressed. °
APOS'TASIS, from otto, and larrjin, • J stop.'
APOSTAXIS
8 1 APPAREILS DE FORMATION
The ancients had different significations for this
word. It was most commonly used for an ab-
scess. Thc'separiUion of a fragment of bone by
fracture. Removal of disease by some excre-
tion, &c.
APOSTAX'IS, from a-noaraiu, ' I distil from.'
Staxls. The defluxion of any humour, as of
blood from the none. — Hippocrates.
APOSTK'MA, from a:io, 'from,' and larvin, '1
settle,' or from a^iarr^jti, ' I recede from.' This
word is used liy the ancients somewhat vaguely.
It meant an ntfection in which parts, previously
in contact, are separated from each other by a
fluid collected between them. The moderns re-
gard it as synonymous with AI/scchs. Some, even
of the moderns, have applied it to any watery
tumour, and even to tumours in general.
Apostkma Ckrkbri, Encei)halopyosis — a. Em-
pyema, Empyema— a. Parulis, Parulis— a. Pha-
langum, Fonrche — a. Psoaticum, Lumbar abscess.
APOSTEMACION, Abscess.
APOSTERIG'MA, from aTOffTT/pi^ui, 'I sup-
port.' Anything that supports a diseased part,
as a cushion, a pillow, Ac. — Galen. A deep-
seated and inveterate disease of the intestines. —
Ilippocratef.
APOS'TllIA, Leipoder'mia, from a, privative,
and ToaOin, ' (ircpuce.' Want of prepuce.
APOSTIIUMl'l, Abscess.
APOSrOLE, Extractum.
APOSTOLO'llUM UNGUEN'TUM, Bodeca-
phar'nidcinn, Ointment of the Aponfles. So called,
because as many solid ingredients entered into
its composition as there were apostles. It con-
tained several resins and gum-resins, yellow wax,
oil, vinegar, verdigris, &c., and was formerly em-
ployed as a vulncniryj
APOS'TUOPIIE, from airo, and aTC[<pu, '1
turn.' An aversion or disgust for food. — Paulus.
Also, the direction of humours towards other
parts.
APOSYRMA. Abrasion, Desquamation.
APOTELES'MA, from a-rro, and TcXcafjm, 'com-
pletion.' The result or termination of a disease.
See, also, Amuletum.
APOTIIANASIA, see Death.
APOT HE' G A, I'hnnnnce'tim,Phrtrmacnpo' Hum,
from oTo, and rtOn/jit, 'to place.' Any place where
things are kept, and therefore 'a shop,' and par-
ticularly a wine cellar. A place or vessel wherein
medicines are kept. See Pharmacopolium.
APOTHECARIES' HALL. The Hall of the
Corporation or Society of Apothecaries of Lon-
don, where medicines are prepared and sold
under their direction, &o. This Company ob-
tained a charter of incorporation in the 15th j'ear
of James the First. No general practitioner can
establish himself in England or Wales, witfinut
having obtained a license from the Court of Ex-
aminers of the Company.
APOTH'ECARY, Apotheca'rius, Dispensa'tnr,
Pharmneiipo'ta, J'hantiacopai'iin, Pluirma'cexis,
Pharmrneii'td, Pif/mentn'rhm, Rhizot'nmitii, My-
ropo'lex, Mi/ropo Inn, Pharmacter, Pharmncur'-
giciia, Phnrmacur'ipia, Pharmacen'tist, same deri-
vation, (Prov.) J'ot'ecari/, (Sc.) Pottlngar, (F.)
Apothicaire, Phoniiacieii, Phnrmacopo/e. In
every country except Great Britain, it means one
who sells drugs, makes up proscriptions, <fec. In
addition to these offices, which, indeed, they
rarely exercise, except in the case of their own
patients, the Apothecaries in England form a
privileged class of practitioners — a kind of sub-
physician. See Surgeon-apothecary.
APOTHERAPKl'A, Apotheropl'n, ApotTiern-
pen'sis, from imo^ipaircxmy (a-ao and OcpaKtvw.) 'I
cure.' A perfect euro. — Hippoe. In the ancient
Gymnastic?, it meant the last part of the exer-
(jigeg : the friction, inunction, and bathing, for
C
the purpose of obviating fatigue, or curing dis-
ease.— (Jalcn. Gorraeus.
APOTHERAPEUSIS, Apotherapeia.
APOTHER'MUM, from airo, and ^tp^..;, 'heat.'
A pickle made of mustard, oil, and vinegar. —
Galen.
APOTII'ESIS, from a-nori^vft, 'I replace.'
The position proper to be given to a fractured
limb, after reduction.
APOTHTCAIRE, Apothecary.
APOTHICAIRERIE (F.), from avoOr,K„, 'a
warehouse, shop.' The same as Apotheca; also,
a gallipot. See Pharmacopolium.
APOTHLIM'.MA, from a-ro, and 5Ai/?<.), 'I
press from.' Anciently, the dregs, and some-
times the expressed juice, Succus expree'sus, of
plants. — Gorra?us.
APOTHRAU'SIS, from a7ro5pa«o), 'I break.'
Fracture of a bone, with spicula remaining. Ex-
traction of a spiculum of bone. — Gorrajus. Also,
Abscission.
APOTILMOS, Evulsion.
APOT'OKOS, from a-ro, and ti/ctui, 'I bring
forth.' An abortive foetus. — Hippocrates.
APOTOME, Amputation.
APOTOMIA, Amputation.
APOTROPiEUxM, Amuletum.
APOTROPE, Aversion. Also, deviation — as
of a limb — /'(irat'rape.
APOXYSMUS, Abrasion.
A POZEM, Decoction.
APOZESIS, Decoction.
APPARA'TUS, Paranceic'e, from ad and pa-
rare, ' to prepare.' This word signifies a collec-
tion of instruments, &c., for any operation what-
ever. (F.) Apparell.
In Surgery, it means the methodical arrange-
ment of all the instruments and objects necessary
for an operation or dressing. By extension, the
French give the name Apjmrcil, Capua cliirur'-
gica, to the case or drawers in which the appara-
tus is arranged.
Apparatus has likewise been applied to the
different modes of operating for the stone. See
Lithotomy.
In Plit/siolofji/, Apparatus, (F.) Appareil, is ap-
plied to a collection of organs, all of which work
towards the same end. A si/xtem of orc/avs com-
prehends all those formed of a similar texture.
An apparatus often comprehends organs of very
different nature. In the foryiier, there is analogy
of structure; in the latter, analogy of function.
Apparatus Altus, see Lithotomy.
Apparatus Immov'able (F.), Appareil immo-
bile, Immovable Bandage, Permanent Bandage.
An apparatus for fractures, which is generally
formed by wetting the bandages in some sub-
stance, as starch or dextrin, which becomes solid,
and retains the parts in situ.
Apparatus Latkralis, see Lithotomy — a.
Major, see Lithotomy — a. Minor, see Lithotomj'.
APPAREIL, Apparatus, Boitier — a. iJinp-
nofjene, see Perspiration — a. Grand, see Litho-
tomy— a. Ilaut, see Lithotomy — a. Immobile,
Apparatus, immovable — a. Lacrimal, see Lachry-
mal passages — a. Lateralise, see Lithotomy — ".
Nevrotltcle, see Nevrotlille — a. Petit, see Litho-
tomy— a. Pigmental, Pigmental apparatus.
APPAREILS DE FORMATION (F.). Gall
admits, in the brain, two kinds of fibres; the
one, divergent, proceeding from the cerebral
peduncles to the convolutions, and constituting
what he calls apparcih de formation : the other,
convergent, and proceeding from the convolutions
to the centre of the organ, constituting what he
calls appareils de reunion. The frst, as a whole,
form the organs of the mental faculties; the latter
arc commissures, which unite parts of the organ
that are doable and in pairs.
APPAUVRI
APYROMELE
APPAUVRI, Impoverished.
APPENDICE, Appendix — a. CcRcal, Appen-
dix vcrmiformis cseci — a. Digital, Appendix ver-
miformis ctcci — a. Sous-sternale, Xiphoid carti-
lage— a. Siis-sphcno'idale dtt cerveait, Pituitary
gland — a. Xiphoide, Xiphoid cartilage.
AppF.xnicRS CoLi Adipos.b, Appendiculae epi-
ploicae — a. Epipldiques, Appendicula; epiploicae.
APPENDICULA CEREBRI, Pituitary gland
— a. Vcrmiformis caeci, see Appendix — a. Epi-
ploica, Epiploic .oppendage.
APPENDIC'ULvE PINGUEDINO'SiE, A.
Epiplii'iceB, Epip'loic append'ages, Appen'dices
coli adipo'HCB, Fim'bricB canio'xcB coli, Suppleiin^n'-
ta epiplo'icn, Onicn'tuln, (F.) Appendicen Epi^
ploiques. Prolongations of the peritoneum be-
yond the surface of the great intestine, which
are analogous in texture and arrangement to
omenta.
APPEN'DIX, Epipli'ysis, from oppendere, (ad
and pendere, ' to hang,') ' to hang from.' Any
part that adheres to an organ or is continuous
■with it : — seeming as if added to it. An append-
age ; an apophysis, (F.) Appendice, A)iHexe.
Appendix Auricula, see Auricles of the
Heart — a. Cerebri, Pituitary gland — a. ad Cere-
brum, Cerebellum — a. Cutanea Septi Narium,
Statica Septi Narium — a. to the Epididymis, Vas-
culum aberrans^a. Ventriculi, Duodenum.
Appendix Vermifou'mis, Appendic'ula Ver-
mifor' min Cce'ci, Tnhiis Verrnicida'ris CcBci, Ev'-
phyaa, Additamen'tum Coli, Appen'dix Caci, (F.)
Appendice vermiforme, A. cmcal ou digital. A
vermicular process, the size of a goose-quill,
which hangs from the intestine ccecum. Its
functions are unknown.
Appendix Vesicae, see Bladder, sacculated.
APPENSIO. see Analeptia.
AP'PETENCE, Appeten'tia, from ajypetere, {ad
and petere,) 'to desire.' An ardent, passionate
desire for any object.
AFPETT'r, PERTEjy, Anorexia.
AP'PETITE, Appeti'tus, Appeten'tia, Appcti"-
tia, (ad and petere,) 'to seek,' Ciipi'do, Orex'is,
Orme : same etymology as the last. An internal
sensation, which warns us of the necessity of ex-
erting certain functions, especially those of diges-
tion and generation. In the latter case it is called
venereal appetite, (F.) Appetit venerien: in the
former, simply appetite, (F.) Appetit ou Appeti-
tinn. If the desire for food, occasioned by a real
want, be carried to a certain extent, it is called
hunger, when solid food is concerned ; thirst, when
liquid. Appetite and hunger ought not, how-
ever, to be employed synonymously: they are
different degrees of the same want. Hunger is
an imperious desire : it cannot be provoke-d, like
the appetite. It is always allayed by eating : but
not so the appetite; for, at times, it may be ex-
sited in this manner. They are very generally,
however, used synonymously.
Appetite, Morbid, Limosis.
Ap'petite, Vene'real, Venereal desire, (F.)
Le genesiqne. Amour physique, Sens genital. The
instinctive feeling that attracts the sexes towards
each other to effect the work of reproduction.
APPETITUS CANINUS, Boulimia— a. Defi-
ciens, Dvsorexia.
APPLE, ADAM'S, Pomum Adami— a. Bitter,
Cncumis colocynthis — a. Curassoa, Aurantium
curassaventium — a. Dead Sea, see Quercus infec-
toria — a. Eye, see Melon — a. of the Eye, Pupil
— a. Mad, see Quercus infeotoria — a. May, Podo-
phyllum peltatum — a. of Peru, Datura stramo-
nium— a. Root, Euphorbia corollata — a. of Sodom,
see Quercus infectoria.
Apple Tea, Apple water. Slice two large, not
over-ripe apjyles, and pour over a pint of boiling
water. After an hour, pour off the fluid, and, if
necessary, sweeten with sugar.
Apple Trke, Pyrus malus.
APPLICA'TA, from applicare, (ad and plicare,
'to fold,') 'to ai)ply.' A word, unnecessarily in-
troduced into medical language, to express the
objects which are applied immediately to the sur-
face of the body, as clothes, cosmetics, baths, A'c.
—Halle-.
APPLICA'TION, Applica'tio, (same etymon,)
in a moral signification, is synonymous with at-
tention. Also, the act of applying one thing to
another; as the application of an apparatus, of
a bandage, blister, Ac.
APPREHEN'SIO, from ad and prchenderc,
'to take.' This word is employed in various
senses. It means catalepsy or catoche. — Paul
Zacchias. A kind of bandage for securing auy
part. Also, a therapeutical indication.
APP ROCHE. Coition.
APPROXIMA'TION, Approxima'tio, from ad
and proximus, 'nearest.' Ettmuller gave this
name to a pretended method of curing disease,
by making it pass from man into some animal or
vegetable, by the aid of immediate contact.
APRAC'TA, from a, priv., and Tfiaaaui, 'I act.'
Without action. An epithet for the parts of ge-
neration, when unfit for copulation or generatiun.
APRICATIO, Insolation.
APRICOT, Prunus Armeniaca.
APROCTUS, see Atretus.
APRONIA, Tamus communis.
APROSO'PIA, Triocephal'ia, from a, priv.,
and irpoo-wTTof, 'the face.' A malformation, whicli
consists in the face being deficient.
APROSOPUS. Mieroprosopus.
APSINTHIA'TUM, from a^^iv^wv, 'worm-
wood.' A sort of drink made of wormwowl,
— Aetius.
APSINTHITES, Absinthites.
APSYCHIA, Syncope.
APSYCHISME, Idiotism.
APSYCHY, Syncope.
APSYXIA, Syncope.
APTHiE, Aphtha-.
APTYS'TOS, from a, priv., and rruo), ' I spit,'
Devoid of expectoration. An epithet given U
certain pleurisies, in which there is no expectora-
tion.— Hippocrates.
APUS, see Apodia.
APY'ETOS, from a, priv., and ttvov, 'pus.' An
external affection, which does not end in suppu-
ration.
APYIQUE,Ax>yros.
A'PYOS, from a, priv., and -kvov, 'pus.' (F.)
Apyiqne. That which does not afford pus.
APYRECTIC, Apyretic.
APYRENOMELE, Apyromele.
APYRET'IC, Ajnjret'icus, Apyvec'tie, Apyrec'-
ticus, Ajn/r'etus, from a, priv., and Trup, 'fire,
fever.' Without fever. This epithet is given tu
days in which there is no paroxysm of a disease,
as in the case of an intermittent, as well as to
some local affections which do not induce fever.
Urticaria is sometimes called an apyretie exim-
them. ■' "^
APYREX'IA, A'pyrexy. The same etymol()'_'v.
Absence of fever; Binlem'ma, Dialelp'sis, l)i'>-
lip'sis, Temjvia intercala're, Interval' Inm, Intcr-
mis'sio. Apyrexia is the condition of an inter-
mittent fever between the paroxysms : the dnrn-
tion of the apyrexia consequently depend.s
the type of the intermittent. Occasionally, the
term has been applied to the cessation of the
tebrilo condition in acute diseases.
APYROME'LE, Apyrenome'le, from a, priv,,
r.xjpr,v, 'a nut,' and iir,X^, 'a sound.' A sound or
probe, without a button or nut. It is the JAA/d*,
AQUA
83
AQUA SALUBRIS
S!pecil'lui,i auricula' nam or Auricular sound of
(jtiilcn.
AQUA, Urine, Water — a. Acidi carbonici,
Acidulous water — a. Acidula hydrosulphurata,
Naples water (factitious) — a. Aeris fixi. Acidu-
lous water (simple) — a. Alkalina oxymuriatica,
tail de Javelle — a. Aluminis composita, Liquor
aluininis coinpositus— a. Aluminosa Batoana, Li-
quor ahuuinis compositus— a. Ammonia;, Liquor
ainmoniaa— a. Acetatis ammoniao, Liciuor ammo-
nioo acetatis — a. Ammoniaa carbonatis, Liquor
ainnioniaj subcarbonatis — a. Ammonia) caustica.
Liquor ammonia;- a. Amnii, Liquor Amnii.
AyuA Amyguala'uum Concentra'ta, A. amy-
dolu'rum umiiru'rum, (F.) Eaud' Amaudes ameres,
Water of hitter almonds. Made by bruising well
tvyo pounds of bitter almonds; adding, whilst
triturating, ten pounds of spring water, and four
pounds of alcohol; letting the mixture rest in a
well-closed vessel, and then distilling two pounds.
Used instead of the Aqua Laurocerasi, and the
Hydrocyanic acid. It must be given with great
caution.
An A<pia amijg'dalcs ama'rm, Bitter Almond
xcater, has been introduced into the last edition
of the Ph. U. S., 1861, {01. amygdal. amar.
n^xvj; Mnfjnes. Carbon.^]; ylryiice Oij.) Dose,
f 3ss.
Aqua Anethi, see Anethum graveolens — a.
Anisi, see Pimpinella anisum — a. Anisi Fortis,
Spiritus anisi — a. Aquisgranensis, see Aix-la-
Chapelle — a. Auditoria, Cotunnius, Liquor of —
a. Aurantii, see Cit^is aurantium — a. Axotica
oxygenata. Aqua nitrogcnii protoxydi — a. Balsa-
mica arterialis, Aqua Bincllii — a. Bareginensis,
Bareges water — a. Baryta; Muriatis, see Baryta,
muriate of — a. Bellilucana, Balaruc waters — a.
Benedicta, Liquor calcis — a. Benedicta compo-
sita, Liijuor cjilcis coinpositus — a. Benedicta Ru-
landi, Vinum antimonii tartarizati.
Aqua Bixkl'lh, Acqua Binelli, Aqua Balaam'-
ica arteria'lia, Binelli's styptic, (F.) Eau de Bi-
nelli. A celebrated Italian hemostatic, invented
by one Binelli. Its composition is unknown, but
its virtues have been ascribed to creasote ; al-
though there is reason for believing it to possess
no more activity than cold water. Aqua Monte-
rossi, (F.) Eau de Monterosai, appears to be of
analogous composition.
Aqua Borvonensis, Bourbonne-les-Baines,
mineral waters of — a. Bristoliensis, Bristol water.
Aqua BuocCHir/nn, Acqua Brocchieri, Broc-
chieri or Brocchiari leater, Brocchieri's styptic,
(F.) Eau de Brocchieri, Eau atyptique de Broc-
chieri, A supposed styptic, which made much
noise at Paris at one time. It is devoid of effi-
cacy. Dr. Paris found nothing in it but water
perfumed by some vegetable essence.
Aqua Cai.cari.e ust^, Liquor calcis — a. Cal-
cis, Liquor Calcis — a. Calcis composita, Liquc/r
calcis compositus — a. Cauiphora;, Mistura cam-
phoree — a. Camphorata, Bates's, see Cupri sulphas
— a. Carbonatis sodiB acidula. Acidulous water,
simple — a. Cnrui, see Carum Carui — a. Cassiae,
^ee Laurus cassia — a. Catapultarum, jlrgxeiusac/e,
eau d'—ii. Chlorini, see Chlorine.
Aqita Ci.nnamo'mi, Cinnamon water, (Sc.)
Canncl water. Distilled water of Cinnamon Bark.
Prepared also in the following manner. 01. Cin-
ii'im. f.^ss; Maipus. Carbon.^}; Aq. destillat.
Oij. Rub the oil and carbonate of miignesia;
add the water gradually, and filter. (Ph. U. S.)
AQtTA CiN>fAMOMi FouTis, Spiritus Cinnamomi
a. Colcestrensis, Colchester, mineral waters of.
Aqua Coi.oua'ta, 'coloured water.' A name
given to a prescription in which simple coloured
water is contained. Used in hospital eases, more
especially, where n placebo is demanded.
Aqua "Cunn Ammoniata, Liquor c. a.— a. Cu-
pri vitriolati composita, Liquor cupri sulphatis
composita — a. inter Cutem, Anasarca — a. Destil-
lata, Water, distilled.
Aqua Fabro'rum, 'Water of Smiths.' Waterin
which hot iron has been quenched. A feeblo
chalybeate.
Aqua Flokum Aurantii, see Citrus aurantium
— a. Fluviatilis, Water, river.
Aqua Fcenic'uli, Fennel xcater. The distilled
water of fennel seed. It may be prepared also
like the aqua cinnamomi.
Aqua Fo.mtana, Water, spring — a. Fortis, Ni-
tric acid — a. Goulardi, Liquor Plumbi subaeetatis
dilutus — a. Hepatica, Hydrosulphuretted water
— a. llordeata, Decoctum hordei — a. Iiubrium,
Water, rain — a. Infernalis, see Toddy — a. Inter-
cus, Anasarca — a. Inter Cutem, Anasarca — a.
Juniperi composita, Spiritus juniperi compositus
— a. Kali, Liquor potassac subcarbonatis — a. Kali
caustici, Liquor potassae — a. Kiili prajparati,
Liquor potassae subcarbonatis — a. Kali puri.
Liquor potassae — a. Kali subcarbonatis, Liquor
potassae subcarbonatis — a. Labyrinthi, Cotunnius,
liquor of — a. Lactis, Serum lactis — a. ex. Lacu,
Water, lake— a. Lauro-cera^i, see Prunus Lauro-
cerasus — a. Lithargyri acetati composita. Liquor
plumbi subaeetatis dilutus — a. Liicire, Spiritus
ammoniae succinatus — a. Marina, Water, sea — a.
Medicata, AVater, mineral.
Aqua Mentha Piperi't^, Peppermint Water.
The distilled water of peppermint. It may be
prepared like the aqua cinnamomi.
Aqua Mentha PirEiurini.s Si-iRiTrosA, Spi-
ritus menthae piperita- — a. Menthic pulegii, see
Mentha pulegium — a. Menth;u viridis. Spearmint
water, see Aqua; menthas pipiritit' — a. Mentha)
vulgaris spirituosa, Spiritus mentha; viridis — a.
Mineralis, Water, mineral — a. Mirabilis, Spiritus
piraentae — a. Jlonterossi, see Aqua Binellii — a.
Mulsa, Ilydromeli — a. Natri Oxyniuriatiei, Li-
quor soda; chlorinatse — a. Neapolitana, Naples
water, (factitious) — a. Nephritica, Spiritus my-
ristica.
Aqua Nitrogen'ii Protox'vdi, Protox'ide
of Ni'trogen Water, Aqua azot'ica oxyijena'ta,
Searle'a patent oxyg"enous aerated tcatcr. A pa-
tent solution of protoxide of nitrogen, said to
contain five times its own bulk of gas. It has
been recommended as a nervine, and excitant iu
nervous conditions, dyspepsia, &c. It has also
been used in cholera, and to counteract the evil
consequences of drunkenness. The dose is f.^vj,
or ,^viii, two or three times a day; or, in dys-
pepsia, as a beverage between meals.
Aqua Nivata, Water, snow — a. Nueis inoscha-
tas, Spiritus mj'ristica; — a. Ophthalmica, Liquor
zinci sulphatis cum camphor.a — a. Paludosa.,
Water, marsh — a. Pedum, Urine — a. Pericardii,
see Pericardium — a. Phagedeniea, see Hj-drar-
gyri Oxymurias — a. Picea, see Pinus sylvestris —
a. Picis, see Pinus sylvestris — a. Pimcntfe. see
Myrtus Piinenta — a. Plumbi, Liquor Plumbi,
subaeetatis dilutus — a. Pluvialis, AVater, rain — a.
Potassa;, Liquor potassa; — a. Pulegii. see Mentha
pulegium — a. Pulegii spirituosa, Spiritus juilogii
— a. Putealis, Water, well — a. ex Puteo, Water,
well — a. Rabelli, Elixir acidum H.alleri — a. Rajjh-
ani composita, Spiritus arinoracice compositus — ■
a. Regia, Nitromuriatic acid.
Aqua Ros.«, Bone Water, Bhodostar/'ma, (I'oa.
centi/ol. Ibviij : AqucB cong. ij. M. Distil a gallon
—Ph. U. S.)
Aqua Salubris, Water, mineral — a. Sambuci,
see Sambucus — a. Sappharina, Liquor cu)>ri am-
moniata— a. Saturni, Liquor plumbi subaeetatis
dilutus — a. Selopetaria, Arquthunade eau d' — a.
Seminum anisi composita, Spiritus anisi— o. Semi-
num carui fortis, Spiritus carui — n. Sodae efl'erves-
ceus. Acidulous water, simple — a. Sotcrin, Water,
AQUJ3 ACIDUL.E
84
AQUIPAROUS
mineral — a. Stygia, Nitro-muriatic acid — a. Styp-
tica, Liquor cupri siilpiiatis composita — a. Sul-
phurata simplex, Ilyilro.^ulphuretted water — a.
Sulphureti ammonias, Liquor furaans Boylii — a.
Thcdiana, Arqucbiisacle can d' — a. Theriacalis
Bozoardiea, Chylosta^ma diaphoreticum Minde-
reri — a. Tofana, Liquor arseniealis — a. Tosti
panis. Toast water — a. Traumatica Thedenii,
Arquelnstide cnu (£'— a. Vegeto-mineralis, Liquor
plumbi subacetatis dilutus — a. Viciensis, Vichy
^vater — a. Vitriolica camphorata, Liquor zinci
sulpbatis cum camphorS — a. Vitriolica cxrulea,
Solutio sulpbatis cupri composita — a. Vulneraria,
Arqwhiisaile eau d' — a. Zinci vitriolati cum
campbora. Liquor zinci sulpbatis cum camphora.
AQU.^ ACIDULiE, Acidulous waters— a.
Badiguae, Bath, Mineral waters of— a. Badizae,
Batb, Mineral waters of — a. Batbonife, Bath,
Mineral waters of — a. Buxtoniensis, Buxton, Mi-
neral waters of — a. Calidse, Aigi(es caudes — a.
Cantuarienses, Canterbury, waters of — a. Cbaly-
beatas, Waters, mineral, chalybeate.
Aqu.e Destili,a't>e, Hi/drola'tn, Distilled
Waters, (F.) Hydrnlats. These are made by
putting vegetable substances, as roses, mint,
pennyroyal, &c., into a still with water, and
drawing off as much as is found to possess the
aromatic properties of the plant. To every gallon
of the distilled water, 5 oz. of spirit should be
added to preserve it. The simple distilled waters
are sometimes called Aqnce, stillatit"ia sim'plices :
th-e spirituous, A(]U(B stillatit'ice spiritiw' sm, but
more commonly Splr'itiis.
Aqu.e FEiiiiOSyK, Waters, mineral, ehahybeate.
Aqvx Martiales, Waters, mineral, chalybeate.
AqUjG Medica't^;, 3/edicated waters include, in
the Pharmacopoeia of the United States, prepara-
tions consisting of waters impregnated with some
medicinal substance, which are not arranged in any
other class. Among these are the " Waters," and
"Distilled waters" of the British pharmacopoeias.
Aqu.e Mutus, Hydrophobia — a. Minerales aci-
dulas — a. Waters, mineral, gaseous — a. Minerales
ferruginosas, Waters, mineral, chalybeate — a. Mi-
nerales sulpbureoB, Waters, mineral, sulphureous
— a. Stillatitiaj, Aquoe destillatte — a. Solis, Bath,
mineral waters of.
AQU.EOUC'TUS, Aq'iieditet, from aqua, 'wa-
ter,'and ducere, ductitm, 'to lead.' (F.) Aque-
drtc. Properly, a canal for conducting water
from one place to another. Anatomists have
used it to designate certain canals.
Aqu^eductus Cerebkt, Infundibulum of the
brain — a. Cotunnii, Aqureductus vestibuli.
Aqu.sduc'tus Coch'lEjE, (F.) Aquedue du Li-
nagon ; — a very narrow canal which proceeds
from the tympanic scala of the cochlea to the
posterior edge of the pars petrosa.
AqUvEDUC'tuS Fallo'pii, Cana'lis Fallo'pii,
Canal spiniide de I'os temporal of Chaussier, (F.)
Aquedue de Fallope. A canal in the pars petro-
sa of the temporal bone, which extends from the
meatus auditorius internus to the foramen stylo-
mastoideum, and gives passage to the facial
nerve. The opening into this aqueduct is called
JBia'tiis Fallo'pii, H. Cana'lis Fallo'pii, Fissu'-
ra Cana'lis Fallo'pii, Fora'men Tari'ni, F.
anon'yiuum Ferreiu'ii.
Aqu^educ'tus Syl'vii, Cana'lis eminen'tim
quadrigcm'incB, Iter ad quartum ventric' ulum seu
d ter'tio ad quar'tum i^entric'nlum, Cana'lis me'di-
vs, (F.) Aquedue de Sylvius, Canal interinediare
des ventricuhs of Chaussier. A canal forming a
communication between the third and fourth
ventricles of the brain. The ventricular opening
is termed anus cer'ehri.
AqujEDUc'tus Vestib'uli, Aqumductits Cotun'-
nii, Canal of Cutun'niHS, (F.) Aquedue da vestibule
ou Aquedue de Cotu(jno. This begins in the ves-
tibule, near the common orifice of the two semi-
circular canals, and opens at the posterior surface
of the pars petrosa.
AQUALIC'ULUS. from aqualis, 'a wat-er-pot.'
That part of the abdomen which extends from
the umbilicus to the pubes. See Ilypogastrium.
It has also been applied to the stomach or intes-
tinal canal.
AQUAS'TER. A word used, by Paracelsus,
to express the visions or hallucinations of pa-
tients.
AQUEDUC, Aqueduct — a. de Cotugno, Aqua?-
ductus vestibuli — a. de Fallope, Aquaiductus Fal-
lopii — a. du Limagon, Aquac-ductus cochleae — q.
de Sylvius, Aquajductus Sylvii — a. du Vestibule,
Aquseductus vestibuli.
AQUEDUCT, Aquffiductus.
A'QUEOUS, A'queus, Aquo'sus, ffydato'dct.
Hydro' des, from aqua, 'water,' (F.) Aqueiu;
Watery. The absorbents or lymphatics are
sometimes called, in France, Conduits ou Canaux
aqueux.
Aqueous Humour of the Eye, Humor aqm'.
sns, Odei'des, Oo'des, Hydato'i'des, Hydato'd'iS,
Ova'tus seu Qvifor'mis humour, Albui/in'eous hi-
mour, (F.) Humenr aqueuse. The limpid fluid
which fills the two chambers of the eye, from the
cornea to the crystalline, and which is, conse-
quently, in contact with the two surfaces of the
iris. Quantity, 5 or 6 grains: s. g. L0003. It
contains albumen, chloride of sodium, and phos-
phate of lime in small quantity ; and is enveloped
in a fine membrane : — the membrane of the aqueom
humour, Tunica propria seu Vagi'na seu 3Iem-
bra'na seu Cap'sula humo'ris a'qxtei seu Mem-
bra'na Demuria'na seu Descemet'ii, Membrane
of Demours or of Descemet ; although these last
terms are by some appropriated to a third layer
of the cornea.
AQUEUS, Aqueous.
AQUIDUCA, Hydragogues.
AQUIFOLIUM, Ilex aqujfolium— a. Foliis
deciduis, Prinos.
AQUILA, Hydrargyri submurias. Sulphur.
The alchymists used this word for sublimed
sal ammoniac, precipitated mercury, .arsenic, sul-
phur, and the philosopher's stone. See Hydrar-
gyri Submurias, and Sulphur.
Aq'uila Ccelest'is ; a sort of panacea, of
which mercury was a constituent.
Aq'uila LACu'RYiHyE; a liquor prepared from
several ingredients, especially from calomel.
Aq'uila PHiLosopiio'nuM. The alchymists,
whose terms were always mysterious, called mer-
cury thus, when reduced to its original form-
Aq'uila Ven'eris ; an ancient preparation,
made by subliming verdigris and sal ammoniac.
AQUILA VEN^E, Temporal veins.
AQUILE'GIA, A. vtdya'ris seu sylves'tris seu
Alpi'na, Common Colombine or Columbine, (F.)
Ancolie. Order, Ranunculaceae. From aquiln,
'the eagle,' owing to some fancied resemblance of
the spurs to talons. The seeds, herb, and flowers
were formerly used in jaundice and cutaneous
diseases. They are still retained in many of the
Pharmacopoeias of continental Europe.
Aquilegia Alpina, Aquilegia.
Aquilegia Canaden'sis, Wild Columbine, i»
indigenous, and flowers in April and June. The
seeds .are said to be tonic.
Aquilegia Sylvestuis, Aquilegia — a. Vul-
garis, Aquilegia.
AQUILIC'IA SAMBU'CINA, from aqua,
'water,' and clicire, 'to attract,' because it grows
in moist places. [?] An East Indian plant, the
decoction of whose root is used in indigestion to
allay heartburn.
AQUIP'AROUS, (F.) Aquipare, from aqua,
'water,' and pario, 'I bring forth.' An epitb-t
AQUO-CAPSULITIS
ARANEOSUS
for glands which, like the parotid, secrete much
water, in contradistinction to the submaxillary
glands, which arc muciparouH.
AQUO-CAPSUF^ITIS, Afiuo-membranitis.
A(lVA)-UV.M\n\.\'^l"nii, Keraloiri'tiH, Aqiw-
cajjiiili'liH, Jfi/</rniiieiiiuyi'tia. Inflammation of
tiie anterior cliamber of the ej'e. A badly com-
y)oundc'd term, denoting inflammation of the cap-
Mile or membrane of the a(|ucous humour.
AQUULA, Ceratocele, Hydatid, llydroa — a.
Acustica, Cotunniu.«, liquor of.
AguuLA seu Aqua Mokgagnii. The minute
portion of water which escapes when an opening
is made into the capsule of the crystalline.
AQUULA VITKEA AUDITIVA, Vitnne au-
ditioe.
AKA PARVA, a small altar; — a kind of band-
age invented by Sostratus, which represents the
corners of an altar. — Galen.
AR'AHR; a wound, a blow. — Erotian.
AUAB'ICA ANTID'OTUS IIEPAT'ICA, ^r'-
rihlc Ihjmt'ic An'liclute. A powder composed of
myrrh, costus, white pepper, &c. It was admi-
nistered in new wine.
ARAB'ICUS LAPIS. A sort of white marble,
analoj^ous to alabaster, found in Arabia. It was
regarded as absorbent and desiccative, and was
employed in hemorrhoids.
ARAB IS BARB AREA, Erysimum barbarca.
AR'ABIS MALAG'MA. An antiscrofulous
riiedicine, composed of myrrh, olibanum, wax,
sal ammoniac, iron pyrites, etc. — Celsus.
ARABISTS, see Arabs, medicine of the.
AR'ABS, MEDICINE OF TIIE. The Ara-
bians kept the torch of medical science illumi-
nated during a dark period of the middle ages.
Before the year of the Hegira, they had schools
of medicine ; but these were most flourishing
during the 10th, 11th, and 12th centuries. The
chief adilitions made by them to medical science
wore in the departments of pharmacy and in the
description of diseases. Their principal writers
were Avicenna, Serapion, Averrhoes, llali Abbas,
Moses Maimonides, Avenzoar, llhazcs, Albucasis,
Ac. The disciples of the Arab school were called
Ai-'fibi'sls.
ARACACIIA, Conium moschatum.
AKACIIIS AFRICANA, A. hypogea— a. Ame-
ricana, A. llypogea.
Ar'aciiis IIyi'oge'a, A. Amerlcn'iia seu A/ii-
crt'iia, Ariichni'dn hi/poi/cn, Ground unt. Pea iiid,
Earth almond, (S.j Mane; erroneously called
Pistachio nut, in the South; Pindars of the West
Indies. Ord. Legurainosae. Cultivated in the
Southern States. The seeds are oily, and are
eaten. A kind of inferior chocolate may be
made of them.
AHACH'NE, apaxvri, 'a spider,' 'a cobweb.'
Hence, Arachnitis, &c.
ARACHNIDA IIYPOGEA, Arachis hypogea.
ARACIIXI'TIS, more properly Arathnoidi'tix,
Araclniodei'tin, Injlammation of the Arachnoid.
A variefv of |)hreiiitis.
ARACIINODKITIS, Arachnitis.
ARACH'NOID, Arachnoideus, Arachno'des,
from apax^n. 'n cobweb,' and uloi, 'form, resem-
blance.' Resembling a spider's web.
AitACUNOin Canal, see Canal, arachnoid.
Arachnoid op the Eye. The lining mem-
brane of a cavity, supposed by some to exist be-
tween the sclerotic and choroid.
Arach'noid Membrane, Meninx me'dia seu
sero'sa, Tit'nica ara'nca seu cryntal'lina, Me-
nin'f/ion. A name given to several membranes,
which, by their extreme thinness, resemble spi-
der-webs. Celsus and Galen called thus the
membrane of the vitreous humour, — the tuuicn
hi/aloidca. The moderns use it now for one of
the membranes of the brain, situate between the
dura mater and pia mater. It is a serous mem-
brane, and composed of two layers ; the external
being confounded, in tlie greater part of its extent,
with the dura mater, and, like it, lining the inte-
rior of the cranium and spinal canal ; the other
being extended over the brain, from which it is
separated by the pia mater, without passing into
the sinuosities between the convolutions, and
penetrating into the interior of the brain by an
opening at its posterior part under the corpus
callosum. It forms a part of the investing sheath
of tlie nerves, as they pass from the encephalic
cavities. Its chief uses seem to be : — to envelop,
and, in some measure, protect the brain, and to
secrete a fluid for the purpose of keeping it in a
state best adapted for the proper performance of
its funclicms.
ARACHNOIDITIS, Arachnitis.
ARACK', ./I/ voc/r ; (East Indian.) A spiritu-
ous liquor made in India in various ways, often
from rice, sometimes from sugar fermented along
with the juice of the cocoa nut; frequently from
toddy, the juice which flows from the cocoa-nut
tree by incision, and from other substances. It
is a strong, heating spirit.
Arack, Mock, is made by adding ^ij of Ben-
zoic acid to a quart of rum. The celebrated
Vauxhall punch is made with such arack.
ARACOUCIIINI, Icica aracouchini.
ARACUS AROMATICUS, Vanilla.
AR'ADOS, ApaSos. The agitation excited in
the stomach by the coction of aliments of differ-
ent nature. — Hippocrates. Likewise, the motion
produced by cathartics.
AR^EOMA, Interstice.
ARAEOMETER, Areometer.
ARyEOT'ICA, from apatow, 'I rarefy.' Medi-
cines supposed to have the quality of rarefying
the huuiours. See Rarefacieus.
ARAKI, see Spirit.
ARALIA CANADENSIS, Panax quinqucfo-
lium.
Ara'lia His'pida, Dinarf Elder, Ord. Aralia-
cea\ is said to be diuretic, and has been recom-
mended, in decoction, in dropsy.
Aha'i.ia Niidicau'lis, Nardm America'nua,
Siiiidl Spikenard, Wild Liii'uorice, Sivcel root,
False or ll'(7(^ Sarsaparil'la, (F.) Petit nard.
This American plant is said to be a mild stimu-
lant and diaphoretic, and has been recommended
as a substitute for sarsaparilla. It is used, also,
as a tonic. It is in the secondary list of the
Pharmacopoeia of the United States.
Ara'lia Racusio'sa, American Spllcenard, has
the same properties as A. Nudicaulis.
Ara'lia Spino'sa, Ani/cl'ica Tree, Prichlii
Anh, Toothach Tree, Spikenard Tree, Prickli/
Eider, Shotbnih, Piyeon Tree. Its properties are
not clear. The berries, and a tincture of them,
have been employed, it is said, successfully in
toothach. A spirituous infusion has also been
used in colic. The bark is oflJcinal in the Phar-
macopa?ia of the United States.
ARANEA, Aranea) Tela — a. Tarentula, see
Tarentula.
ARA'NE^ TELA, Ara'ncn, Ara'neum, Cob-
toeb, (F.) Toile d'Araifpiee. Formerly, this sub-
stance was much employed, and supposed to pos-
sess extraordinary virtues, especially when ap-
plied to the wrists. It has been recently used
again in intermittents. The spider itself, soft-
ened into a plaster and applied to the forehead
and temidcs, is said by Dioscorides to prevent
ague. Cobweb is a mechanical styptic, and is so
applied at times.
ARANEO'SA URI'NA. A term applied to
the urine when loaded with filaments, like cob
webs.
ARAXEO'SUS (PULSUS); a term employed
ARANEUM
8 0
ARCIIIATER
to express extreme weakness of pulse ; when the
movements resemble those of a delicate net raised
bj' the wind.
ARANEUM, AraneiB Tela.
Aua'nicum Ulcus, AstakU'los. A name given
by Paracelsus to a malignant, gangrenous ulcer,
extending from the feet to the legs.
A RATI A, Myrobalanus citrina.
ARASCON, Nvmphomania, Satyriasis.
ARATRUM, Vomer.
ARAUCARIA DOMBEYT, Dombeya excelsa.
ARBOISE. Arbutus unedo.
ARBOL BE LECHE, Galactodendron utile.
ARBOR BENIVI, Benjamin— a. Indica, Lau-
rus cassia — a. Maris, Coral — a. Thurifera, Juni-
perus Lycia — a. Uteri Vivificans, Palm» uteri
plicata:.
Arbor Vit/E, (F.) Arhre de vie. A name
given to an arborescent appearance, observed on
cutting the cerebellum longitudinally; and which
results from the particular arrangement of the
white substance with the eineritious. Also, the
Thuya occidentalis.
Arbor Yitjb, American, Thuya occidentalis —
a. Vita3 Uterinus, Palmae uteri plicatie — a. Vitse
of the Uterus, Palmas uteri plicataj.
AR'BORES. A morbid alteration of the skin,
which precedes its ulceration. Ruland.
ARBORIZA'TION, Arborisa'tio, (F.) Arbori-
sation, from arbor, arboris, 'a tree.' The figure
or appearance of a tree or plant. The capillary
vessels, when injected, as in inflammation, fre-
quently appear under the form of Arborizations.
ARnOUSIER, Arbutus unedo.
ARDRE DE VIE, Arbor VitiB.
ARBUSCUIiA GUMMIFERA BRAZILIEN-
jglS, Hypericum bacciferum.
ARBUTUS, A. Unedo — a. Trailing, A. Uva
ursi, Epigica repens.
Ar'bi/TUS Uva. Ursi, Aretostaph'yloa Uva ursi,
Maira'nia uva ursi. Ord. EricaceiC. Sex Syst.
Decandria Monogynia. (F.) BiisseroUe ou Rai-
sin d'Onrs. The^leaves- ((/«a Ursi, Ph. U. S.)
— of this plant are tonic and astringent, and have
been employed, chiefly, in diseases of the urinary
organs, and also as a parturifacient. Dose of the
powder from gr. xv to ^ss. The English names
are Trailing Ar'bntits, Bear's Whortleberry or
Bearberry, ilountain-box, Redberry, Upland
Cranberry, Foxberry, Checherberry, (Sc.) Braw-
lins.
Ar'butus UyE'DO, Ar'hutus, Andrach'ne, Une'-
do, U. papyra'eea, KO/iapog, (F.) Arbousier, Ar-
boise. A decoction of the leaves is astringent,
and has been used in diarrhoea.
ARC, Arch, Arcus, (F.) Are, Arcade (diminu-
tive). Any part of the body resemblirrg an arch
in form; as the Arch of the colon, (F.) Arc du
colon, — the transverse portion of that intestine :
— Arch of the Aorta, Arcus aor'tCB, (F.) Crosse
de I'Aorte, &c., the turn which the aorta takes in
the thorax.
ARCA ARCANORUM, Hydrargyrum— a. Cor-
dis, Pericardium.
ARCADE, see Arc — a, Anasfomotique, Arch,
anastomotic — a. Crurale, Crural arch — a. Ingui-
nale, Crural arch — a. Orbitaire, Orbitar arch —
a. Pubienne, Pubic arch — a. Zygomatique, Zygo-
mHitic (iron.
ARCADES DENTAIRES, Dental arches —
a. Pabnaires, Palmar arches.
A R CADI- TEMP OR 0-MAXILLAlRE, Tem-
poralis.
ARC^'US or ARC(E'US, BALSAM OF, (F.)
Baume d'Arecem. A kind of soft ointment used
in sores, contusions, &c. It is made by melting
two parts of mutton suet, one part of hog's lard :
turpentine and rosin, each one part and a half:
straining and agitating till cold.
ARCAXSOX, Colophonia.
ARCA'NUM, from area, 'a chest.' A seeret,
a nostrum, a quack or empir'icul med'icine, (F.)
Arcane. A remedy whose composition is kept
secret; but which is reputed to possess great
efBcacy.
Arcanum Corallinum, Hydrargyri nitrieo-
oxyduin — a. Duplicatum, Potassaa sulphas — a.
Tartari, Potassae acctas.
ARCEAU, Arculus, Cradle.
ARCEUTHOS, Juniperus communis.
ARCH, ANASTOMOTIC, (F.)^rca(/e^»flt8(o.
motique, is the union of two vessels, which anas-
tomose by describing a curved Hue. The vessels
of the mesentery anastomose in this manner.
Arch of the Aorta, see Aorta — a. Crural, see
Crural arch — a. Femoral, see Crural arch — a.
Gluteal, see Gluteal aponeurosis— a. Hremal, see
HiEmal arch — a. Inguinal, see Crural arch — a. Or-
bital, see Orbitar arch — a. of the Palate, see Palate
bone — a. of the Pubis, see Pubio arch — a. Subpu-
bic, see Subjiubic arch — a. Superciliary, see Su-
perciliary arches — a. of a Vertebra, see Vertebrae —
a. Zygomatic, see Zygomatic arch.
Arches of the Palate. These are two in
number on each side of the throat, one of vvhicli
is termed anterior, the other posterior.
The anterior arch arises from the middle of
the velum palati, at the side of the uvula, and is
fixed to the edge of the base of the tongue.
The posterior arch has its origin, likewise, from
the side of the uvula, and passes downwards to
be inserted into the side of the pharynx. The
anterior arch contains the circumflexus palati,
and forms the isthmus faucium. The posterior
arch has within it the levator palati, and be-
tween the arches are the tonsils.
ARCH/E'US, TlrcAe'Ms, from afiy^ri, 'commence-
ment,' (F.) Archce. A word invented by Basil
Valentine, and afterwards adopted by Paracelsus
and Van Ilelmout. The latter used it for the
internal principle of our motions and actions.
This archiieus, according to Van Helmont, is an
immaterial principle, existing in the seed prior
to fecundation, and presiding over the develop-
ment of the body, and over all organic pheno-
mena. Besides this chief archreus, whose seat
Van Helmont placed in the upper orifice of the
stomach, he admitted several of a subordinate
character, which had to execute its orders; one,
for instance, in each organ, to preside over its
functions; each of them being subject to anger,
caprice, terror, and every human feeling.
ARCHANGEL, NEW, MINERAL SPRINGS.
About twenty miles to the north of New Arch-
angel, Sitka Island, on the N. W. coast of North
America, are some thermal sulphureous waters,
the temperature of one of which is upwards of
153° of Fahr. They are much celebrated.— Sir
Geo. Simpson.
ARCHANGELICA, Lamium album— a. Ofhci-
nalis, Angelica.
ARCHE, apxV) Inifium, Princip'ium, Primor'-
dium, Ori'go, Inva'sio. The first attack of a dis-
ARCHECPTOMA, Proctocele.
ARCIJEE, Archteus.
ARCH ELL, CANARY, Lichen roccella.
ARCIIELOG"IA, from apxv, 'beginning,' and
\oYOi, 'a discourse.' A treatise on fundamental
principles — of medicine, for example.
ARCHEN'DA. A powder of the leaves of the
ligustrum, used by the Egyptians after bathing,
to obviate the unpleasant odour of the feet-
Prosper Alpinup.
ARCHlA'TER, Archia'trus, Protomcd'icv'i
ARC II I GEN I MOllBI
ARENATIO
J'roU'x'iros, from apxu), 'I am first,' and tarpoi'
' phy.«ician.' The original sifjnitication of this
wiiril is a matter of dispute. Some consider, with
Morcurialis, that it meant physician to a prince,
king, emperor, <fec. ; others, with C. Hoffmann, ap-
7)ly it to every physician who, by his situation,
is raised above his colleagues. The former opi-
nion seems to have prevailed — Arrhiatre de»
Jiois df! France being applied to the chief physi-
cian to the kings of France.
ARCUI(i"ENr MORUI. Acute diseases; be-
cause they hold the first rank: from ap;^?/, 'be-
ginning,' and ytvoixai, 'I am.'
ARCIIIMA(iIA, Chvmistry.
ARCIIIXtJEAY, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Archingeay is situate in France, three leagues
from .St. Jean d'Angely. The waters are prized
in all diseases. They seem to contain carbonate
of lime, a little chloride of sodium, carbonate of
iron, anil some bitumen.
ARClUTliCTURA APOPLECTICA, Apo-
plectic make.
ARC'IIITIS. Proctitis, Rectitis.
ARCHOCELE, Proctocele.
ARCIIOI'TOMA, Proctocele.
ARCIIOPTOSIS, Proctocele.
ARCIIORRIIA'GIA, from apx"!) ' 'lie anus,'
and pc(j), ' I flow.' Arehorrhce'a. Hemorrhage
from the anus.
ARCIIORRIKEA, Archorrhagia,
ARCIIOS, Arcus, Rectum.
ARCIIOSTE(tXOMA, Stricture of the Rectum.
AR('II()Sl'K(iXOSIS, Stricture of the Rectum.
ARCIIOSTENOSIS, Stricture of the Rectum.
ARCIIOSYRINX, Fistula in ano.
AR'CIFORM, Arcifor'min, from arx, arcis,
'a top or ridge,' and forma, 'shape.' An epi-
thet given to certain fibres, Fihrm arcifurm' ch,
of the anterior pyramids of the medulla oblon-
gata, which take a curved course around the in-
ferior extremity of each corpus olivare and ascend
towards the cerebellum.
ARCTA'TIO, Arctitii'do, from arcto, 'I make
narrow;' A)if/u8ta'iio, Coarcta'tin, (E.) Retrevin-
setnent. Contraction of a natural opening or of a
can.al, and especially of the vulva, of the orifice
of the uterus, or of the intestinal canal. Consti-
pation, (see Stegnosis.) Reunion by suture or
infibulation. — Scriboniu.s Largus, Paul Zac-
chias, Ac.
ARCTITUDO, Arctatio.
ARCTIU.M, A. lappa— a. Bardana, A. lappa.
AucTiiM Lappa. The root and seed of the
Clit'bur, Barda'na, ApKciov, Arctium, A. hnrda'na
seu majiis seu jjijuks seu tomento'sum, I'lajihis,
Lappa glabra. Lappa major seu persona'ta, Per-
sola'ta, PemolUi'ta, Persoht'ta, Burdock, (Old
Eng.) Clithe, Cuckold, (F.) Bardaiie, Glouteron,
Herbc aux tcignenx. Ord. Compositae. Sex. Syst.
Syngenesis ajqualis. Root, Lappa (Ph. U. S.),
diuretic ; seed, cathartic. It has been used in
decoction in diseases of the skin and in syphilis.
Aucrnnr Ma-jits, A. lappa — a. Minus, A. lappa
— a. Tomentosum, A. lappa.
ARC'TOPUS ECIIINA'TUS. A South Afri-
can plant, Ord. Umbelliferse, which is demulcent
and diuretic, somewhat approaching sarsaparilla.
Tlie decoction of the root is employed in syphilis,
lepra, and chronic cutaneous affections of all
ARGTOSTAPIIYLOS UVA URSI, Arbutus
uva ursi.
ARCTU'RA, from arcto, '1 straighten.' The
effects of a nail grown into the flesh, Aretu'ra
uiir/iiis. See Onychogryphosis.
ARCTtiRA Unguium. The growing in or inver-
sion of the nails. See Onychogryphosis.
ARCUA'TIO, Co7icava'tio. An antesior gib-
bosity or iirojection of the sternum.
ARCUEIL, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ar-
cueil is about one league south of Paris. The
water contains carbonic acid, carbonate of lime,
sulphate of lime, chloride of sodium, and some
deliquescent salts.
A celebrated society held its meetings at this
village, of which Berthollet, Humboldt, La Place,
<fec., were members.
ARCULA CORDIS, Pericardium.
ARCUL.15. The Orbitar Fossae: TrotXtia.—
Rufus of Ephesus.
ARC'ULUS, diminutive of arcim, 'an arch.' A
small arch; a cradle, (F.) Arcean, Archet. A
semicircular box or basket used for preventing
the bed-clothes from coming in contact with in-
jured or diseased parts. An ordinance of the
Grand Duke of Tuscany forbade mothers to sleep
with an infant near them, unless it was put under
a solid cradle.
ARCUS MEDULLARIS, Fornix— a. Senilis,
Gerotoxon — a. Subpubicus, Subpubic arch — a.
Superciliaris, Superciliary arches — a. Unguium,
see Nail — a. Zygomaticus, Zygomatic arch.
ARDALOS, Excrement.
ARDAS, Excrement.
ARDENT, Ardeiis, from ardere, 'to burn.'
Ardknt Fever, (F.) Fievre ardente. Caiisus,
Si/iiocha, or inflammatory fever.
Ardent or Inflamed Eves. (F.) Yeux ardent.
The eyes are so called when injected red.
Ardent Urine, (F.) Urine ardente. Urine of
a deep red.
ARDESIA IIIBERNICA, Ilibernicus lapis.
ARDEUR, Ardor — a. du Cceur, Cardialgia —
a. d'Estomac, Ardor ventriculi. Pyrosis — a. dc
la Fievre, Ardor Febrilis — a. d' Urine, Ardor
UriniB.
AR'DOR, (F.) Ardenr. Heat. A feeling of
burning, of violent heat; jEstua, jEstua'tio, Cau-
so'ma.
Ardor Febri'lis, (F.) Ardeur de la Fievre.
The hot period of fever.
Ardor Stomachi, Pyrosis.
Ardor Uri'n.«, (F.) Ardeur d'Urine. A scald-
ing sensation occasioned by the urine in passing
over the inflamed mucous membrane of the ure-
thra, or over the neck of the bladder.
Ardor Yenereus, Heat.
Ardor Yentric'ui.i, Ehullit"io Stom'achi,
Heartburn, (Sc.) Heartaxes, Hearticald, Hersket,
(F.) Ardeur d'Estomac. See Cardialgia and
Pyrosis.
A'REA, 'a void place,' 'an open surface.' A
Latin word used by some authors to designate a
variety of Alopecia, in which the hair changes
colour, but does not fall off; also, Porrigo de-
calvans.
ArkA GerminATIVA, Taclie embryonnaire.
Area Pellu'cida. An elliptical depression in
the ovum, filled with a pellucid fluid, in the cen-
tre of which is the germ.
Area Yasculo'sa, see Circulus venosus.
ARE'CA. The fruit — Are'ca nut, Betel nut —
of Are'ca Cat'echu seu Faufel, Uaun'ga ; Ord.
Palmje ; Sex. Syxt. Monoeeia Monadclphia; (F.)
Arec, is astringent and tonic, and enters into the
composition of the Betel, the great masticatory
of the Orientals.
AuECA Catechu, see Areca — a. Faufel, see
Arecji.
AREFAC'TION, Are/ac'tio, Xcran'ein, ^npavoii,
from arefacere, 'to make dry,' (arere, 'to dry,'
and /accre, 'to make.') The process of drying
substances, prior to pulverization.
ARENA, see Gravel.
ARENAMEN, Bole Armenian.
ARENA'TIO, Inhuma'tio, Chosis, Sand or
ARENGA SACCHARIFERA
ARGEMONE MEXICAxNA
Earth Bfith; from arena, 'sand:' Suhnrra'tlo. \
The application of hot sand to the body. Pcdi- I
lo'vin [?] of sand were formerly used in Ascites.
AREXGA SACCHARIFERA, see Toddy.
AREXO'SA URI'NA, Sandi/ Urine. Urine
when it deposits a sandy sediment.
AREXO'SUS, Sabulous. Also, one who passes
sandy urine.
AREXULA, see Gravel.
ARE'OLA. A diminutive of Area, (F.) Aire.
Anatomists understand by AreolcB the intrer-
stices between the fibres composing organs, or
those existing between laminw, or between ves-
sels which interlace with each other.
Areu/'i is also applied to the coloured circle
Hiilo, Ildlof, which surrounds the nipple, Are'-
<ila papllln'ris, and which becomes much darker
during pregnancy; as well as to the circle sur-
younding certain vesicles, pustules, <fec., as the
pustules cf the sraall-po.\, the vaccine vesicle,
itc. Chaussier, in such cases, recommends the
word Aure'dln, (F.) Aureule.
Arkola PAPiLLAnis, see Areola — a. Tubercles
of the. see Mamma.
AllE'OLAR, Arcola'ris. Appertaining to an
areola.
AuKOLAR Exhalations are those recremen-
titial secretions which are efiFected within the
organs of sense, or in parenchymatous struc-
tures— as the aqueous, crystalliuc, and vitreous
humours, &c.
Arkolar Tissue, Cellular Tissue.
AREOM'ETER, Araom'eler, Gravim'eter, AU
CDiiluin'eler, A/co'iiin'eter, A'eroHtat' ic Balance, from
a/iaioj, 'light,' and /itrpov, 'measure:' i. e. 'measure
of lightness.' An instrument
so called because first em-
ploj'ed to take the specific gra-
vity of fluids lighter than water.
The Areometer (if Baume, which
is the most used in Pharmacy,
particularly in France, consists
of a tube of glass, largely
expanded towards its inferior
extremity, and terminating be-
low by a small ball, containing
mercury or lead, which serves
it as a balance, so that it maj'
remain upright in the fluid.
This tube is furnished with a
graduated scale. If the fluid
into which the Areometer is
plunged be heavier than water,
the instrument rises; if lighter,
it sinks. There are various
Areometers, as those of the
Dutch, of Fahrenheit, Nichol-
son, &e. The Areometer is also
called Hydroni'eter, (F.) Areo-
metre, Pese-liqueur.
There are some hydrometers
which have a general applica-
tion for determining the spe-
cific gravities of li(iuids — as
Fahrenheit's, Nicholson's,Guy-
ton de Morveau's, and the com-
mon glass hydrometers, inclu-
ding Baurafi's, Cartier's, Twad-
dle's, Zanetti's, and the spe-
cific gravity beads; others in-
tended for special application
— as for estimating the com-
parative strength of spirits; the
comparative densities of sy-
rups, oils, <tc. — as Gay Lus-
sac's, Sikes's, and Dicat's hy-
drometers, and the saccharometer, urinometer,
and elaeometer.
SCALE OF BAUMk's nvnnOMKTER, WITH CORRE-
SPONDING SPECIFIC GRAVITIES.
1. Asceiidintj Scale for light li'juids.
Scale of
Specific
Substances.
nauitic.
Gravities.
70
700
Pure hydrocyauic acid. — O'ui/ Lus-
sac.
C6
715
Very pure sulphuric ether.
60
742
The same conceutratcU.
50
782
48
792
Kqual parts of dlcolinl and ether.
42 '
819)
827/
A'ery pure alcohol tor iihaniiucuu-
40
tical purposes.
36
847
Pure alcohol. Naphtha.
33
863
Alcohol of romiiiercp.
3-2
868
Kssential oil of turpentine.
30
878
1
Hydrocyanic acid of Sclioele and
pure hydrocyanic acid, mixed
2G
with an equal portion of water.
— Rohiquet.
25
23
906 )
915 i
1
Acetic ether.
Nitric ether.
Id.
Td. ,
Murititic ctlicr.
22
923
Liquid ammonia.
Olive oil.
Id.
Td.-l
20
935 y
Brandy.
18
948 j
13
9S0
Burguudy wine.
12
986
11
993
Bordeaux wine.
10
1000
Distilled water.
2. Descending Scale for heavy Hr[uids.
Baume's Hydro-
meter.
Scale r,f
Specific
Substances.
Baume.
Giavities.
0
1000
Common distilled water.
1
1007 ■)
1009 f
Distilled vinegar.
2
1014
Common vinegar.
u
1032
Cow's milk.
10
12
1075 1
1091 j"
Concentrated acetic acid.
20
1161
21
25
IISO )
1210/
Liquid hydrochloric acid.
30
1261
Boilins syrup.
35
1321 1
Cold f!yrup.
Common nitric acid.
40
1.3841
41
139S y
Concentrated nitric acid.
45
1454 J
Id.
Id.
Phosphoric acid for medical use.
50
1532
CO
1714
66
1847
Very concentrated sulphuric acid.
70
1946
Vpry concentriited phosphoric arid
ARES. A term invented by Paracelsus to de-
signate the principle on which depends the form
of mercury, sulphur, and salt. These the alcby-
mists regarded as the three bodies that give birth
to every other.
AR'ETE, apiTt), 'virtue.' Mental or corporeal
vigour. — Hippocrates.
ARETHU'SA, A. bulbo'sa ; indigenous. Order,
Orchidaceae. The bruised bulbs are used in
toothache ; and as cataplasms to tumours.
A'REUS. A pessary mentioned by Paulus of
iEgina.
ARGEL, Cynanchura olea?folium.
AR'GEMA, Ar'gemon, Ar'gemus, from afyoi,
'white.' Fos'snla, {¥.) Encavvre. A white spot
or ulceration of the eye. — Hippocrates. See
Leucoma.
ARGEMO'NE, MEXICA'NA, Thorn Poppy,
Prickly Poppy, Yellntc Thistle. A native of
Mexico, but naturalized in most parts of the
world. Ord. Papaveraeea). Sex. Syst. Polyan-
dria Monogynia. The juice resembles gamboge,
ARGENSON
89
ARGILLA BOLUS FLAVA
and hns been used tis a hydragogue. The seeds
are cmidDyed in the West Indies as a substitute
for ipecacuanha. They are also used as a ca-
thartic.
ARUENSON, MINERAL WATERS OF. A
chalybeate situate at Argcnson in Dauphiny :
used in cases of obstruction, jaundice, &c.
ARGENT, Argentum — a. Chlorure d', see Ar-
gentuni — a. Cjjaiinre d', see Argentum — a. et
d'Ainiuoiiiaqiie, chlorure d', sec Argentum — a.
lodure d', see Argentum — a. Ojcide d', see Ar-
gentum— a. Petit, Platinum — a. Vive, Hydrar-
gyrum.
AlKiENTKRTA, Potentilla anserina.
ARUENTI CllLORIDUM, see Argentum— a.
et Ammoniac chloridum, see Argentum — a. et
Aramoniae ciiloruretum, see Argentum — a. Cya-
nidum, see Argentum — a. Cyanuretum, see Ar-
gentum— a. lodidum, see Argentum — a. lodure-
tum, see Argentum.
Akgkn'ti NrniAS, Argen'tnm Nitra'tum seu
Ntt'ricnm, S<d arijen'ti, (F.) Nitrate OU Azotate
d' Argent, Nitrate of Silver. This preparation is
sometimes kept in crystals, the Nitras Argeii'ti
in cryatol'los coiicre'ttm. Nitrate d' Argent crjital-
liie of the Codex of Paris, Luna potab' His, Cnjs-
talli LuncB, Argen'tum nit'ricHrii crystallisa'tiim.
Nitron (trgputi crystal' linns, Nitrum luna're, Hy-
droij'i'gnni Roy'lici. Generally, however, it is in
the fui^ed state : and it is this which is admitted
into most Pliarmacopoeias, and which, besides
the name Nitras Argcnti, is called Ni'tras arrjen'ti
fusHS Still fusnin, Oaus'ticum luna're. Lapis infcr-
iia'tis, Argen'tum nit'ricum fusum, and lunar
caustic, (F.) Nitrate d'argeut fondu, Pierre in-
fernale.
In the Pharmacopceia of the United States, it
is directed to bo prepared as follows : — Take of
silver, in small pi<'ces, ,^j ; nitric acid, f^vij,
distilled water, i'^'i]. Mix the .acid with the
water, and dissolve the silver in the mixture in
a sand bath; then crystiiUizc, or gradually in-
crease the heat, so that the resulting salt may be
dried. Melt tliis in a crucible over a gentle fire,
and continue the heat until ebullition ceases;
then immediately pour it into suitable moulds.
The virtues of nitrate of silver are tonic, and
escharotic. It is given in chorea, epilepsy, Ac. :
locally, it is used in various cases as an escha-
rotic. Dose, gr. 1-8 to gr. l-A in pill, three times
a day.
When silver is combined vrith iodine, it is said
to have the same effect as the nitrate, and not to
produce the slate colour of the surface, which is
apt to follow the protracted use of the latter.
Argenti Oxidum, see Argentum.
ARGENTILLA vulgaris, Potentilla an-
serina.
AR'GENTINE, Argento'sus, same etymon as
the next. Pertaining to silver; as an 'argentine
solution,' or solution of a salt of silver.
Akgknti.nk. Potentilla anserina.
ARGEN'TUM, Ar'gyrus, from apyos, 'white,'
Silver, Luna, Dia'na. (V.) Argent. A solid metal
of a sliining white appearance ; insipid; inodor-
ous; highly sonorous; malleable and ductile;
somewhat hard; crystallizable in triangular py-
ramids ; fusible a little above a red heat, and
volatizable; s. g. 10.4. Not used in medicine,
unless in some places for silvering pills. Silver
Leaf, Argen'tum folia'tum, is the state in which
it is used for tiiis purpose.
Argknth.m Divi'si'M, metallic silver, in very
fine powder, has been recommended internally in
syphilis.
The CiiT.ORinE (Argen'ti chlo'ridum, Argen'-
tum muriat'icum seu chlora'tum sen sali'tum.
Chlorure'tnm Arrjen'ti, Chlor'uret or .Ifu'riate of
iSiher, (F.) Chlorure d' Argent); the Cyanuuet;
the Iodide (Argen'ti lo'didum, Argen'tum loda'-
tum, lodure' turn Argen'ti, lod'uret of Silver, (F.)
lodure d' Argent;) the OxiDE [Argen'ti ox'idum,
Argen'tum oxyda'tum, (F.) Oxide d' Arg(nt),Sini.
the Chloride of Ammonia and Silver (Argen'ti
et Ammo'uicB chlo'ridum, Argen'tum muriat'icum
ammonia'tum, Chlorure'tum Argen'ti et Ammo'-
nicB, Vhlo'ruret of Silver and Ammonia, Ammo-
nio-chloride of Silver, (F.) Chlorure d Argent et
d' Ammoniaque),\\s>,\'& been used in syphilis. At
first, these ditferent preparations were adminis-
tered iatraleptically on the gums ; the chloride,
the cyanide and the iodide in the dose of l-12th
of a grain; the chloride of silver and ammonia
in the dose of l-14th of a grain, and the oxide of
silver and divided silver in the dose of 1-Sth and
l-4th of a grain. M. Serrc, of Montpellicr, who
made many trials with them, soon found that
these doses were too small; he therefore raised
that of the chloride to 1-1 0th, and of the iodide
to l-8th of a grain, without any inconvenience
resulting. The dose of the other preparations was
likewise increased in a similar ratio. M. Serre
extols the preparations of silver — used internally
as VFell as iatraleptically — as antisyphilitics, but
they are not to be depended upon.
The Cyanuret or Cyanide of Silver, Argen'ti
Cynnure'tum seu Cyan' idum, Argen'tum cyanoge-
na'lum, (F.) Cyanure d'argcnt, is thus directed
to be prepared in the Ph. U. S. (1842.) Argent.
Nit. 3xv, Acid Hydrocyan., Aq. deatiUat. aa Oj.
Having dissolved the nitrate of silver in the
water, add the hj^drocyanio acid, and mix them.
Wash the precipitate with distilled water and dry
it. In the last edition of the Pharmacopoeia,
(1851,) it is directed to be prepared as follows: —
Nitrate of Silver, dissolved in distilled water, is
put into a tubulated glass receiver; Feroeyanuret
of Potassium, dissolved in distilled water, is put
into a tubulated retort, previously adapted to the
receiver. Dilute Sulphuric Acid is added to the
solution in the retort; and, bj- means of a sand-
bath and a moderate heat, distillation is carried
on until the liquid that passes over no longer
produces a precipitate in the receiver. The pre-
cipitate is then washed with distilled water, and
dried.
The Oxide of Silver, Argen'ti Ox'idum, has
been introduced into the last edition of the Ph.
U. S. (1851). It is made by precipitating a solu-
tion of the Nitrate of Silver by solution of Po-
tassa, drying the precipitate.
Argentum Chloratum, see Argentum — a,
Cyanogenatum, see Argentum — a. Fugitivum,
Hydrargyrum — a. Fusum, Hydrargyrum — a,
lodatum, see Argentum — a. Liquidum, Hj'drar-
gyrum — a. Mobile, Hydrnrgyrum — a. Muriati-
cum, see Argentum — a. Muriaticum Ammonia-
tum, see Argentum — a.Oxydatum, see Argentum
— a. Salitum, see Argentum — a. Vivum, Hydrar-
gyrum.
ARGIL, PURE, Argilla pura.
ARGILE OOHREUSE PALE, Bolus Alba. '
ARGILLA BOLUS FLAVA, Terra Lemnia—
a. Bolus rubra. Bole Armenian — a. Ferruginea
rubra. Bole Armenian — a. Kalisulphurica, Alu-
men — a. Pallida, Bolus alba.
Argilla Pura, Terra Alu'minis seu hola'ris,
seu argilla'cea pura seu depura'ta seu hydra'ta,
Alu'mina pura seu de]>ura'ta, Ox'idum alumin'ii,
pure Argil or Alumina, (F.) Aluniine faetice.
This substance, which is prepared by drying alum
and exposing it, for twenty or twenty-five mi-
nutes, to a red heat, until the sulphuric acid is
driven off, has been recommended in indigestion
as antacid, as well as in vomiting and diarrhoea
accompanied with acidit.v. Tlie dose to a very
young child is from ^ss to 5J J to older chUdren
fram 5J to ^ij.
ARGILL.^ ACETAS
00
ARMOUR
AnflTLT.A SULPIIURICA. Al.CALlSATA, Aluilien —
a. Sulphurica usta, Alumen exsiccatum — a. Su-
persulphas alcalisatum, Alumen — a. Vitriolata,
Alumen.
ARGILLiE ACETAS, Aluminte acetas — a.
Sulphas, Aliiininre sulphas.
ARGOL, RED, Potas.«ae .supertartras impurus
— a. White, Potiissse supertartras impurus.
AR(;UMENTUM INTEGRITATIS. Hymen.
ARGY'RIA, from apyvpos, 'silver.' The dis-
coloration of the skin occasioned by the internal
use of nitrate of silver.
ARGYROCn.ETA, Matricari.-i.
AlKiYROPirORA, from apyvpo;, 'silver,' and
(pepw, 'I bear.' A name given, by Myrepsus, to
iin antidote which he regarded as extremely pre-
cious.
ARGYROTROPHEMA, Blancmanger.
ARGY'RUS, Argentum.
ARHEUMAT'JC, Aihetimat'icus, from a, pri-
vative, and pcv/ia, 'fluxion or rheumatism.' One
■without fluxion or rheumatism.
ARIA, Crata;gus aria — o. Cattivn, see Miasma.
ARICI'NA, Aric">a, Ciis'conin, Ciisco-Cincho'-
iiin, so called from Arica in South America, the
place where it is shipped. An alkaloid found in
Cusco Bark, which is very similar in many of its
properties to Cinchonia. Cusco was the ancient
residence of the Incas.
ARIC'YMON, from apt, an intensive particle,
and Kvctv, ' to conceive.' A name given to a
female who conceives readily. — Iliiipoerates.
ARIDE'NA. A Latin word employed to de-
signate the leanness of any part. — Ettmuller,
Sauvages.
ARID'ITY", Artd'itnu. (F.) Arnlitf, from nrcre,
'to grow dry.' The French use the word .4*-?-
dite to express the dryness of any organ, and
particularly of the skin and tongue, wlien such
dryness is so great as to render the organ rough
to the touch. Aridite also means the lanuginous
appearance of the hair in some diseases in which
it seems covered with dust.
ARIDU'RA. Wasting or emiiciation of the
■whole or of any part of the body ; Marasmus,
Atrophy.
Aridura Cordis, Heart, atrophy of the — a.
Hepatis, Hepatrophia.
ARIKA, see Spirit.
ARISiEMA ATRO-RUBENS, Arum triphyl-
lum.
ARISTALTH.^A, Altha?a.
ARISTOLOCHI'A, from apiorof, ' very good,'
and \o')(^cta, 'parturition;' so called, because the
diflerent varieties were supposed to aid parturi-
tion. Birtliwnrt, (P.) Ari&foloche. Ord. Aris-
tolochiaceaj. Several vnrieties were once in use.
Aristolochia Cava, Fumaria bulbosa.
Aristolochi'a Clemati'tis, Aristolochi'a Vvl-
ga'ris seu Cre'ttca seu ten'uis, Adra liiza (F.)
Aristoloche ordinaire, Upright Birtlnoort. The
root has been considered stimulant and emmena-
gogue, and as such has been used in amenorrhoea,
chlorosis, and cachexia.
Aristolochia Cretica, A. Clematitis — a. Fa-
bacea, Fumaria bulbosa — a. Hastata, see A.
serpentaria — a. Hirsuta, see A. serpentaria.
Aristolochi'a Losga, and A. Rotun'da, (F.)
Aristoloche lougiie et ronde, Long and Hound
Birthicort. Virtues the same as the preceding.
Aristolochi'a Pistolochi'a, Pintolochi'u Aris-
tolochi'a, Pohjrrhi'zn. This variety has an aro-
matic odour, and an acrid and bitter taste. (F.)
Arinloluche crenelee.
Aristolochia P».eticulata, see A. serpentaria.
Aristolochi'a Serpenta'ria, Serpenta'ria, S.
Virginia'na, Vipera'ria, Vipcri'na Virginia'na,
Colnbri'na Virginia'na, Contrayer'va Virginia'-
na, (F.) Serpcntaire et Ariitoloche scrpentaire de
Virginie, Cohirrine ou Coideuvrfe on Vipfrine de
Virginia, Virginia Snakeroot, Snakcroiit Birth-
icort, Snal-ciaeed, Snagrcl. Virtues of the root,
Serpenta'ria, tonic, stimulant; and as such, em-
ployed in debility, intermittents, A-c. Aristo-
lochi'a Hirsu'ta, a. Hasta'ta and A. Retici'-
la'ta; indigenous, are employed indiscriminately
with A. Serpentaria under the name Serpentaria
or Virginia Snakeroot.
Aristolochi'a Sipho, Dutchman's pipe, and
A. Tomento'sa; indigenous, have virtues like
those of A. Serpentaria.
Aristolochi'a Texcis, A. Clematitis — a. To-
mcntosa, see A. sipho — a. Trifida, A. Triloba ta.
Aristolochi'a Triloba'ta, A. trifida, (F.)
Aristoloche trilobee. A plant of Surinam and
Jamaica; possessing the general virtues of the
Aristolochiacea;. The other varieties of Aristo-
lochia have similar properties.
Aristolochi'a Vulgaris Rotunda, Fumaria
bulbosa.
ARISTOLOCH'IC, Aristoloch'icus. Same ety-
mology. An old term for remedies supposed to
have the property of promoting the flow of the
lochia. — Hippocrates, Theophrastus, Dioscorides,
&e.
^ ARIS'TON MAGNUM, and ARTSTON PAR-
VUM. These names were formerly given to
pharmaceutical preparations, used in phthisis,
tormina, and fever. — Avicenna.
ARISTOPHAKEI'ON. A sort of emollient
plaster, prepared with four pounds of pitch, two
of apochyma, one of wax, an ounce of opoponax,
and half a pint of vinegar. — Gorrseus. Not
used.
ARKAN'SAS, MINERAL AVATERS OP.
About 6 miles from the Washita river, and about
a quarter of a degree north of the Louisiana line,
there are about 70 of those springs; — Onachitn
or Wnnhitau Springs. They are thermal, vary-
ing from 138° to loO° Fahrenheit, and are em-
ployed in rheumatism, cutaneous aflections, Ac.
ARK-BEIN, Pubis os.
ARKEION, Arctium Lappa.
ARLADA, Realgar.
ARLES, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ther-
mal sulphureous springs in the department of
Pyrenees Orientalcs, France. Their temperature
is 10.3° to 145° of Fahr., and they contain sul-
phohydric acid.
ARM, Brachium.
ARMA, Ponis— a. Ventris, Penis.
ARMAMENTARIUM, Arsenal — a, Chirurgi-
cum, see Arsenal— a. Portabile, see Case.
ARMATORY UNGUENT, Hoplochrysma.
ARMATURA, Amnios.
ARME, from apw, ' I adapt.' Any physiolo-
gical or mechanical junction or union of parts. —
Ilesychius. A suture, as of the cranium-— Galen.
ARMENIACA EPIROTICA, Prunus Armeni-
aca— a. Mains, Apricot, see Prunus— a. Vulgaris,
Prunus Armeniaca.
ARMENIAN STONE, Mclocbites.
ARMENITES. Melochites.
ARMILLyE MANUS MEMBRANOSiE, An-
nular ligaments of the carpus.
ARMOfSE BLANCHE, Artemisia rupestris
— a. Comimme, Artemisia vulgaris — a. Estragon,
Artemisia draeunculus— a. Ordinaire, Artemisia
vulgaris.
ARMONTACUM, Ammoniac, gum.
ARMORA'CIA, from Armorica, where it was
largely cultivated. In the Pharmacopeia of the
United States, the fresh root of Cochlearia armo-
racia.
Armoracia RnsTicANA, Cochlearia armoracia
— a. Sativa, Cochlearia armoracia,
ARMOUR, Condom.
ARMURE DES JAMBES
91
ARROW ROOT
ARMURE DES JAMUES, see Cornu am-
monisi.
AHMUS. Humerus — a. Summus, Acromion.
ARX, Aliius glutino.sa.
AKXALD'IA, Arnaldic. A disease, which
appejirs to have prevailed in England at one
time, but whose origin and nature are unknovpn.
It was accompanied with loss of hair; and, by
some, is supposed to have been Syphilis. " Deinde
uterque Hex incidit in aegritudinem, quam Ar-
naldiam vocant, in qua ipsi usque ad mortem
hiborantes, capillos suos deposuerunt." — Rogerus
Ilovedenus, in Ricardo I., cited by Du Cange.
AR'NICA MONTA'XA. Derivation uncer-
tain. Arnicft, Leiipaid's Rune, Durun' icum Ger-
iiian'icum seu Oppoeiti/o'lium seu Plantar/" iniv
folio, Ar'nica PliiuQiiii'i, Alis'ma, Ac"yrus,
Diuret' tea, Panace'a lapio'rtim, Ptar' mica mon-
ta'tia, Calllia seu Culeii'dula A/pi'na, Narihw
Cel'ticn al'lera, (F.) Avnique, Betoiiie ou Tahac
des Moiitagnes, Tahue dea Vosrjes, Tahac ou Be-
toiiie des Savoyards, Doroiiic d'Allemaf/ne, Plan-
tain ou SoncL dea Alpes. Sex. Sijsl. Syngenesia
PulygiDnia superflua. Oid. Composila). The
plant and flowers (Arnica, Ph. U. S.) are consi-
dered, or have been considered, narcotic, stimu-
lant, emnienagogue, Ac; and, as such, have been
given in amaurosis, paralysis, all nervous affec-
tions, rheumatism, gout, chlorosis, <fec. Dose,
gr. V to X, in powder. In large doses it is dele-
terious.
Aknica Nudicaui.is and A. JIollis are sup-
posed to have medical virtues like the last.
Arnica Plaukxsis, Arnica montana — a. Spuria,
Inula dysenterica — a. Suedensis, Inula dysen-
terica.
ARXTQUE, Arnica montana.
ARNO(}L0SSUM, Pluntngo.
AUNOTT'S DILATOR, see Dilator, Arnott's.
AllNUT, Bunium bulbocastanum.
ARO'MA, Ar'li/ma, 'perfume:' [apt, intensive,
and oaiirj or oSjjtri, 'odour,' or from apw, 'to make
fitting or agreeable.') Spir'itus Rector, (F.)
Arome. The odorous part of plants. An ema-
nation— fre(iuently imponderable — from bodies,
which acts on the organ of smell, and varies with
the body exhaling it.
AH 6 MATE, Aromatic.
AR0:MAT'IC, .4roHK(<'(cu.s, (F.) Aromate. Any
odoriferous substance obtained from the vegetable
kingdom which contains much volatile oil, or a
light and exjjansible resin. Aromatics are used
in perfumes, in seasoning, and embalming. In
medicine they are employed as stimulants. Gin-
ger, cinnamon, cardamoms, mint, &o., belong to
this class.
AR'OMATIZE, (F.) Aromntiser. To add to a
mixture or potion some aromatic, to mask its
taste or render it more agreeable. Such mix-
ture is then said to be aromatized.
AROMATOPO'LA, from afnofia, 'an odour,'
and TrwXtoj. ' I sell.' An apothecary or druggist.
One who sells spices.
A RON. Arum.
AROPII. A barbarous word, which had vari-
ous significations with the ancients. Paracelsus
employed it to designate a lithonthriptic remedy.
The mandragora, according to some. Also, a
mixture of bread, saffron, and wine.— Van Hel-
mont.
Aroph Paracet.st, Ferrum amraoniatum.
AHQEERUSADE, EAU B', Aqua tranmat'-
iea Thrdc'nii sen Tlicdia'nn seu aclopeta'ria seu
vulnera'ria seu catapnlta'riim, Miatit'ra vnlnera'-
ria ac"ida. A sort of vulnerary water, distilled
from a farrago of aromatic plants. Rosemary,
tbiss; millefoil, t In/me, each Ibss : Proof spirit, 2
gallons— distil a gallon. This is one form.
ARR, Cicatrix.
ARRABON, Arraphon.
ARUACIIEMENT {¥.), from arrachcr, 'to
tear out,' Aptoapas'ma, Ahrup'tio, Avul'sio. Act
of separating a part of the body by tearing it from
the bonds connecting it with others. Evulsion.
Laceration.
Arrachement is applied to certain operations,
as to the extraction of a tooth, the extirpation of
a 2)oli/piis, (fee.
ARRACK, Arack. See Spirit.
AR'RAPHON, Ar'rahon, from a, priv., and
pa(prj, 'a suture,' — 'without suture.' A term
applied to the cranium when it presents no
sutures.
ARRECTIO. Erection.
ARRED, see Scar.
ARREPTIO, Insanity.
ARRESTA BOVIS, Ononis spinosa.
ARRET D'HILDAN, Remora Hildani.
ARRETE-DCEUF, Ononis spinosa.
ARRIICE'A, from a, priv., and ptu, 'I flow.'
The suppression of any flux. Ameuorrhoja.
ARRHOSTEMA, Disease.
ARRIIOSTENIA, Disease.
ARRHOSTIA, Disease, Infirmity.
ARRIIYTIIMUS, Cacorrhythmus.
ARRIBA, GeofFraa vermifuga.
ARRIERE-BOUCIIE, Pharynx — o. -Dent,
see Dentition — a. -Faix, Secundines.
ARRIERE-GOUT {¥.), 'after taste.' The
taste left by certain bodies in the mouth for some
time after they have been swallowed, owing per-
haps to the papillae of the mouth having imbibed
the savoury substance.
ARRIERES NARIXES, Nares, posterior.
AR ROCHE, Atriplex hortensis — a. Puant,
Chenopodium vulvaria.
ARROSEMEXT, Aspersion.
ARROWHEAD, Sagittaria variabilis.
ARROW LEAF, Sagittaria variabilis.
ARROW POISON. This differs with different
tribes of Indians. By some, the poison capsicum,
and infusions of a strong kind of tobacco, and of
euphorbiaceaj are mixed together, with the poi-
sonous emmet, and the teeth of the formidable
serpent, called, by the Peruvian Indians, Miua-
maru or Jenjnn — Lacheii^ picta of Tschudi.
ARROW ROOT, Fee'idn Jfaran'tts, Am'ylum
maranta'cetim seu America'num. The fecula of
the rhizoma of Jfaran'ta Antndina'oea, Jfaraitta
(Ph. U. S.), Ord. Marantaceae, which, like all
fecuhis, is emollient and nutritive, when prepared
with water, milk, &c.
Dr. Carson has shown, ihut Florida arrow root
is derived from Za'mia. intcrjrifo'lia or Z.pn'mila,
Siir/ar pine, Ord. C3'cadaceae ; Bermuda arroio
root being obtained from Maranta arundinacea.
Florida arrow root, as well as the farina, is known
in the Southern States under the name Coonti or
Coontie.
According to Dr. Ainslie, an excellent kind of
arrow root is prepared in Travancore from the
root of Curcuma angustifolia, Old. Zingiberacea^.
Arrow root mucilai/e is made by ruVibing arrow
root powder with a little cold water, in a basin,
by means of the back of a spoon, until it is com-
pletely mixed with the water; then pouring boil-
ing water over it, stirring assiduously until a soft,
gelatinous, tenacious mucilage is formed; and,
lastl}', boiling for five minutes. A tablespoonful
of arrow root powder is sufficient to make a pint
of mucilage. It may be moderately sweetened;
and wine or lemon juice may be added.
With milk also it forms a bland and nutritious
article of diet.
Arrow Root, Brazilian. The fecula of Ja-
troplia JIanihot.
ARROW WEED
92
ARSENICUM
Arrow Root, Common, see Solanum tubero-
Bum.
Arrow Root, East Indian. The fecula of the
tubers of Curcuma aiitjustifolia, or narrow-leaved
Turmeric.
Arrow Root, English, Arrow root, common.
Arrow Root, Tahi'ti, Tacca starch, Otahei'te
Salep. The fecula of Tacca Oceanica.
ARROW WEED, Sagittaria variabilis.
ARROW AVOOD, Euonymus, Viburuum den-
tatum.
ARS CABALISTICA, Cabal— a. Chymiatrica,
Chymiatria — a. Clysmatica nova. Infusion of me-
dicines— a. Cocjuinaria, Culinary art — a. Cosme-
tica, Cosmetics — a. Culinaria, Culinary art — a.
Empiriea, Empiricism — a. Formulas uiedieascon-
cinandi, see Prescription — a. Hermetica, Chymis-
try — a. llomoeopathica, Homoeopathy — a. Hydria-
trica, Ilydrosudoiherapeia — a. Infusoria, Infu-
sion of medicines — a. Machaonia, Medicina — a.
Majorum, Cliymistry — a. Medica, Medicina — a.
Obstetricia, Obstetrics — a. Sanandi, Art, healing
— a. Separatoria, Chymistry — a. Signata, Cabal
— a. Spagyrica, Chymistry — a. Sphygmica, Sphyg-
mologia — a. Veterinaria, Veterinary Art — a. Zoia-
trica, Veterinary Art.
ARSALTOS, Asphaltum.
ARSATUM, Nymphomania.
ARSECOCKLE (Sc), synonymous with Teut.
aers-bleyne, tuberculus in cino. Originally, a
hot pimple on the hips. Now, in Scotland, a
similar pimple on the face or any part of the
body. — Jamieson.
ARSENAL (F.), Cliirapotlie'ca, Armamentd'-
ritinu A. Chirur'gicum. A collection of surgical
instruments. A work containing a description
of surgical instruments. Armainentit'riuDt ob-
stet'riciiin has the same significations in regard to
obstetrics.
ARSEN'IATE, Arsen'iaa, (F.) Arahiiate, troxa
cpat}v, ' robust.' A salt formed by a combination
of arsenic acid with a salifiable base.
Arseniate of Ammonia, Arsen'ias Ammo'niw,
Ammo'nium Arsen'ieum seu Arsenic' icum, (F.)
Arseniate d'Ammoniaque. This preparation is
highly extolled in cutaneous diseases. A grain
of the salt may be dissolved in an ounce of dis-
tilled water, and 20 to 25 drops be commenced
with as a dose.
Arseniate op Iron, Arsen'ias Ferri, Ferrum
Arsenia'tum seu Arsenic'icum ojcydidn'tum, (F.)
Arseniate de Fer. This preparation has been
applied externally to cancerous ulcers. An oint-
ment may be made of ^ss of the arseniate, ^ij of
the phosphate of iron, and g^'J of spermaceti
ointment. The arseniate has also been given
internally in cancerous aflFections, in the dose of
one-sixteenth of a grain.
Arseniate op Protox'ide op Potas'sium,
Proto-arsen'iate of Potas'sium, Arsen'iate of Po-
tassa, Arsen'ias Potasses seu Kali, (F.) Arseniate
de Potasse, Sel arsenical de Ilacqtier. Proper-
ties the same as those of arsenious acid.
Arseniate op Quinia, Quiniae Arsenias.
Arsen'iate op Soda, Soda arsen'ias, (F.) Ar-
s6niate de Sonde. Made, according to the Codex
of Paris, by mixing and heating to redness arse-
nious acid and nitrate of soda; dissolving the
salt in water ; adding carbonate of soda until
there is an alcaline reaction ; filtering, evapora-
ting, and crystallizing. It is the basis of Pear-
son's Solution, which is formed of one grain of the
crystallized a;-«e(r("o?e to one fluidonnce of distilled
water. Dose, gtt. xx. Heinecke's Solution con-
sists of the arseniate, gr. vj ; peppermint water,
f5iiss; wine of cinnamon, f^ss; laudanum, { ^'j.
Dose, forty to fifty drops.
ARSENIA TE DE SO UDE, Arseniate of Soda.
AR'SENIC, Arsen'ieum, (Ph. U. S.) A solid
metal ; of a steel-gray colour ; granular texture ;
very brittle; volatilizing before melting; very
combustible and acidifiablc. It is not dangerous
of itself, and only becomes so by virtue of the
facility with which it absorbs oxygen.
ARSENIC BLANC, Arsenicum album.
Arsenic, Iodide op, Arsen'ici lo'didum seu
Teriod'idum seu lodure'tum, Arsen'ictnn loJu'-
tiim, Hydri'odas arsen'ici, formed by the combi-
nation of arsenic and iodine. This preparation,
applied externally, has been highly extolled in
various cutaneous affections. An ointment may
be made of three grains of iodide to ,^j of lard.
It has also been given internally in the dose of a
tenth of a grain in similar aliectious. It is offici-
nal in the Ph. II. S. 1851.
Arsenic, Oxide of, Arsenicum album — a. Ox-
ide of, White, Arsenicum album — a. White, -Vrse-
nicum album.
Arsenic and Mercury, Iodide of, Jlijdrnr'-
gi/ri et Arsen'ici lo'didum, Double J'odide of
Mer'cury and Ar'senic, lodo-arscnile of Her'cury.
A compound, which has been proposed as more
efficacious than either the iodide of arsenic or
the iodide of mercury. It is made by tritura-
ting G'08 grains of arsenic ; 14-82 grains of mer-
cury; 49 of iodine, with a fluidrachin of alcohol,
until the mass has become dry, and from being
deep brown has become pale red. Eight ounces
of distilled icuter are poured on, and, after tritu-
ration for a few moments, the whole is trans-
ferred to a flask; half a drachm of Jii/driodic
acid, prepared by the acidification of two grains
of iodine, is added, and the mixture is boiled for
a few moments. When the solution is cold, make
the mixture up to f^viij with distilled water.
This is called by Mr. Donovan, the proposer,
Liquor Arsen'ici et JTydrur'f/yri Jo'didi, each
drachm of which, by measure, consists of water,
5j ; arsenious acid, gr. l-8th ; peroxide of mercury,
gr. l-4th ; iodine, converted into liydriodlc acid,
gr. 3-4ths. In the last edition of the Ph. U. S.
it is directed to be made of Arsenici lodidum
tind Hi/drarejyri lodidum rubruiii, each gr. xxxv;
and Aqua destillata, Oss ; dissolving by rubbing,
heating to the boiling point, and filtering.
The dose of Donovan's Solution is from TT^X
to f |5ss, two or three times a day.
It has been used successfully in inveterate cu-
taneous diseases.
ARSEN'ICAL, Arsenica'lis, (F.) Arsenical.
Relating, or appertaining to, or containing, ar-
senic.
Arsen'ical Paste, (F.) Pate ArsSnicalf.
This application to cancers is formed of 70 parts
of cinnabar, 22 of draz/on's blood, and 8 of arse-
nious acid ; made into a paste with saliva, when
about to be applied.
Arsenical Powders of Frere Come, and op
Justamond, see Powder, Arsenical.
Arsenical Solution, see Arseniate of Soda,
and Liquor Arsenicalis.
ARSENICI IIYDRIODAS, Arsenic, Iodide of
— a. lodidum, Arsenic, Iodide of — a. loduretum,
Arsenic, Iodide of — a. Teriodidum, Arsenic, Io-
dide of.
ARSENICISM'US, Intoxica'tio Arsenica'lis.
Poisoning by arsenic.
ARSENICUM, Arsenic.
Arsen'icum Album, White Ar'senic, Oxide
of Ar'senic, Ratsbane, Arsen'ici ojr'ydum al-
bum. Calx Arsen'ici alba, Ac"idum Arsenico'snm
seu Arsenio'sum (Ph. IT. S.), Arsenious acid. White
oxide of arsenic, (F.) Arsenic blanc. An acid
which is met with in commerce, in compact, white,
heavy, fragile masses; of a vitreous aspect, opake,
and covered with a white dust ; of an acrid and
nauseous taste; without smell when cold; vola-
tilizable by heat, and exhaling the odour of gar-
ARSENIS rOTAS3.E
93
A R THRU
He ; soluble in water, alcohol, and oil ; crystal-
lizable in regular octahedrons. It is this that is
meant by the name ar.senic, as commonly used.
Arsen'icum Album Sublima'tum, Sublimed
Oxide of Arsenic, is the one employed in medi-
cine. It is tonic and cscharotic, and is the most
virulent of mineral poisons. It is used in inter-
inittcnts, periodical headachs, neuroses, &c. Dose,
gr. one-tenth to one-eighth, in pill. See Poisons,
Table 'if.
AusKMCUM loDATUM, Arsenic, Iodide of — a.
Rubrum factitium, Realgar.
ARSENIS POTASS.E, Arscnite of protoxide
of potMssium — a. Potassse aquosus, Liquor arseni-
calis — a. Potassae liquidus. Liquor arsenicalis.
AR'SENITE, Ar'seuis. A salt, formed by a
combination of the arsenious acid with a salifi-
able base.
Ah'senite op Protox'ide op Potas'sium, Pro-
to-ar'senite of Potas'sium, Ar'seiiite of Potassa,
Ar'senis Potussce. An uncrystallizable and co-
lourless salt, which forms the basis of the liquor
nraeni':aliK, which see.
Arsexite oe QuiNrA, Quiniae arsenis.
ARSE-SMART, BITING, Polygonum hydro-
piper.
ART, HEALING, Ars Snnan'di, Medici'na.
The appropriate application of the precepts of
the best physician.s, and of the results of experi-
ence to the treatment of disease.
AuT, Vkteiunary, Veterinary art.
AR'TABE, apTaPr). Name of a Persian mea-
sure for dry substances, in use with the ancients,
equal at times, to 5 raodii : at others, to 3; and
ut others, again, to 7. — Galen.
ARTANTHE ELONGATA, see Matico.
AR'TELSIIEIM, MINERAL WATERS OF.
These German waters have been much recom-
mended in hysteria, gout, palsy, <fec. Their
physical or chemical properties have not been
described.
ARTEMIS'IA, Anacti'rion. Ord. Compositse.
Called after a queen of the name, who first em-
plo.ved it; or from A/jte/jis, 'Diana;' because it
was formerly used in diseases of women, over
whom she presided. The Gauls called it Dricu-
mum.
Artemis'ia Abrot'anujf, Abrot'anum, Abrot'-
ortum, Abrot'anum Cathsum seu Mas, Ahrathan,
South'ernicood, Oldinan, Sloventoood, (F.) Ahro-
tone, Aurone, Aurone mule, Aiirone des jnrdins,
Garderohe, Citronelle. Supposed to be possessed
of stimulant properties.
Oil of Southernwood, O'leum Abrot'ani, (F.)
nuile d' Aurone, possesses the aromatic proper-
ties of the plant.
Artemis'ia Absin'thium, Absin'thixim, A. vid-
ga're, Apsin'thium, Barypi'cron, Common Worm-
wood, Worm it, (F.) Absinthe. Properties: — tonic
and anthelmintic. The Oil<f Wormwood, O'leum
Absin'lhii, (F.) JIullc d'Absinthe, Contains the
aromatic virtues of the plant.
Artemisia Afra, a South African species, is
tonic, antispsisinodic and anthelmintic; and has
been used in debility of the stomach, visceral ob-
structions, jiiundice and hypochondriasis. It is
taken in infusion, decoction and tincture. A
strong infusion is used by the Cape Colonists as
a collyrium in weakness of the eyes; and the
pounded leaves and stalks are employed as dis-
cutients in oedema and sugillations.
Artemisia Alda, A. Santonica — a. Balsamita,
A. Pontica.
Artemisia Bien'nis, 2?iV»»i"a? Wormwood ,• in-
digenous.
Arte.misia Botrys, Chenopodium ambrosi-
oides.
Artemis'ia Campes'tris, Field Southcruu-ood,
(F.) Aurone dea Champs. This possesses the
same properties as A. Abrot'anum.
Artemisia Canadensis, Canada AVormwood —
a. Caudata: indigenous.
Artemisia Chenopodium, Chenopodium bo-
trya.
Artemisia Chinen'sis, A. In'dica, A. Moxa.
From this the Chinese form their moxas.
Artemisia Contra grows in Persia, Asia
Minor, and other parts of the East.
Artemisia Dracun'culus, Tar'agon, (F.) Ar-
moise estragon, Estragon. Virtues: — the same
as the last. The leaves are much used to season
food, especially in the form of Es'tragon vin'egar.
Artemis'ia Glacia'lis, Sillcy Wormwood ;
Artemisia Indica, Artemisia Chinensis, A,
Santonica;
Artemisia Juda'ica, grows in Palestine, Ara-
bia, China, Cochin China, and Northern Africa.
Artemisia Leptophylla, A. Pontica;
Artemisia Marit'ima, Absin'thium Jfari'mim
seu Marit'imum, Sea Wormwood, llaritime South-
ernwood ;
Artemisia Moxa, A. Chinensis;
and
Artemis'ia Pon'tioa, A. Poma'na seu Teniii-
fo'lia seu Balsami'ta seu Leptophyl'la, Absinthi-
am Pon'ticum seu Jioma'num, Jioman Wormwood,
Lesser Wormioood, possess like virtues ; — as well
as
Artemisia Romana, A. Pontica;
Artemisia Rubra, A. Santonica; and
Artemis'ia Rupes'tuis, Creeping Wormwood,
Gen'ipi album, (F.) Armoise blanc, Genipi blanc.
This variety has aromatic virtues, and is used in
intermittents, and in ainenorrhoea.
Artemis'ia Santon'ica, Santon'icum, Canni
Herbn, ChumcRcedris, Chamaei/paris'sus, Absin'-
thium Santon'icum, Sementi'na, Xantoli' na, Sche-
ba Ar'abiim, Sina seu Cina Levan'tica, Tarta' rian
South' ernwood, (F.) Biirhotine. From this and
other species of absinthium is obtained the so-
called Semen contra vermes seu Contra seu Zedo-
a'ricB seu Santon'ici seu Cinee, Hofiiospenn'um,
Sanctum Semen, Wormseed, which do not consist
of seeds, but of broken peduncles. Virtues: —
anthelmintic and stimulant. Dose, gr. x. to ^j
in powder. Its active principle is San'tonin, the
dose of which is from 2 to 5 grains in the day,
for a child six or eight years of age.
Artemisia Tenuifolia, A. Pontica.
Artemis'ia Vulga'ris, Artemis'ia rubra et
alba, Cin'giilum Suneti Joan'nis, Mater Herha'-
rnm, Bcreniseeum, Bubastecor'dium, Canapa'cia,
Mugwort, (F.) Armoise ordiimire, A. Commune,
Herbe de Saint Jean, Ceinture on Couronne de
Saint Jean. This, as well as some other varie-
ties, possesses the general tonic virtues of the
Artemisiic. Artemisia vulgaris has been highly
extolled by the Germans in cases of epilepsy.
Dose of the powder, in the 21 hours, from ^fss to
ARTERE, Artery— CT. Brachiale, Brachial ar-
tery— a. Brachio-cephalique, Innominata arteria
— a. Branch ique. Bronchial artery — a. Ciliaire,
Ciliary artery — a. Ciitorienne : see Clitoris — a.
Ccecale : see Colic arteries — a. Collaterale d)i
coude, Anastomoticus magnus ramus — a. (\>llate-
rale externe, Arteria profunda humeri — a. Colla-
terale interne, Anastomoticus magnus ramus — a.
Corona ire des levres. Labial artery — a. Corona ire
I Slomachique, Coronary artery — a. Crnrale, Crural
artery — a. Deuxieme des thoraciques, Arteria tho-
racica externa inferior — a. Epincuse, Meningeal
arterj', middle — ff./V'»ioro-^:)o^)^(7ce,Ischia tic artery
— a. Fessiere, Gluteal artery — a. Gastriqiie droile,
petite. Pyloric arterj' — a. Gutt)iro-m(ixill,-fire,
Maxillary artery, internal — a. Honteusc externe,
Pudic, external, artery — a. Ilonteuse interne, Pu-
ARTERIA
94
ARTERITIS
die, internal, artery — a. Ilnnierale pro/onde, Ar-
teria profunda humeri — a. Iliaque primitive, Iliac
artery — a. Inuominee, Innouiinata arteria — a.
Jrienne, Ciliary artery — a. hchio-penicnne : see
Pudic, internal, artery — a. Mediane atiterieure,
Spinal artery, anterior — a. Midiaiie ponterieure
du rachis, Spinal artery, posterior — a. Meninyie
moyenne, Meningeal artery, middle — a. 3lening-
iennepuvterienre, Prevertebral artery — a.Menton-
nih-e, Mental foramen — a. MesocephnUcpte, Basi-
lary artery — a. J/eeocoliqiie : see Colic artery —
a. MiiHculaire du bras, Arteria profunda humeri
— a. Mimculitire du bras, grande : see Collateral
arteries of the arm — a. Muscidaire grande de la
cuiisse, Arteria profunda femoris — a. Opiithogas-
trique, Coeliac artery — a. Orbitaire, Ophthalmic
artery — a. de fOvaire, Spermatic artery — ft.
Pelvi-crurale, Crural artery — a. Pelvi-crurale,
Iliac artery — a. Pelvienne, Hypogastric artery —
a. Premiere des thoraciques, Arteria thoracica
externa superior — a. Prevertebrale, Preverte-
bral artery — a. Jiadio-carpieniie transversale
pulmciire, Radio-carpal artery — a. Scrotale, Pu-
dic, external, artery — a. Soits-claviere, Subcla-
vian artery^ — a. Sou>i-pi(bio-fcmorale, Obturator
artery — a. Sow-jmbienne, Pudic, internal, artery
— a. Soiis-sternal, Mammary, internal— ^a. Sph6-
no-epineuse, Meningeal artery, middle — a. Stomo-
gastriqite, Coronary artery — a. Sus-carpienne :
Bee Sns-carp)ien — a. Siis-mn.rillaire, Alveolar
ajtery — a. Sus-maxillaire, Buccal artery — n.
Siis-metatarsienne, Metatarsal artery — a. Sus-
pubieiine, Epigastric artery — a. Testicidaire,
Spermatic artery — n Thoraeiqiie liumerale. Acro-
mial artery — a. I'rachelocervical : see Cerebral
arteries — a. Trochauterienne, Circumflex artery
of the thigh — a. Troiaieme de/t thoraciques, Acro-
mial artery — a. Tympaniqne, Auditory artery,
external — a. Uveale : see Ciliary artery — o. Vul-
va ire, Pudie, external, artery.
ARTERIA, Artery — a. Ad Outem Abdominis,
see Ad Cutem abdominis, (arteria) — a. Anonyma,
Innominata artery — a. Aspera, Trachea — a. Ce-
rebralis. Carotid, internal — a. Ccrvicalis, Basilary
artery — a. Coronaria dextra. Pyloric artery — a.
Crassa, Aorta — a. Cruralis, Crural artery — a.
Externa Cubiti, Radial artery — a. Dorsalis meta-
carpi. Metacarpal artery — a. Durae matris media
maxima. Meningeal artery, miildle — a. Encepha-
lica. Carotid, internal — a. Gastrica superior.
Coronary artery — a. Ileo-colica : see Colic arteries
— a. Iliaca interna. Hypogastric artery — a. Iliaea
posterior, Hypogastric artery — a. Magna, Aorta
— a. Magna pollieis, Princeps pollicis — a. Malleo-
laris externa: see Tibial arteries — a. Malleolaris
interna: see Tibial arteries — a. Mammaria ex-
ternii, A. Thoracica externa inferior — a. Maxima,
Aorta — a. Media anastotnotiea : see Colic arteries
— a. Meningsoa media. Meningeal artery, middle
— a. Muscularis femoris, A. Profunda femoris —
a. Pharyngea suprema, Pterygoid artery — a. Pro-
funda cerebri : see Cerebral arteries — a. Pudenda
communis, Pudic, internal, arter}' — a. Pudica,
Pudic, internal, artery — a. Ramulus ductds
Pterygoidei, Pterygoid artery — a. Sphcno-spi-
nosa. Meningeal artery, middle — a. Spinales, Spi-
nal arteries — a. Spinalis, A. Profunda humeri —
a. Sternalis, Mammary, internal — a. Supra-orbi-
talis, Frontal artery — a. Sylviana: see Cerebral
arteries — a. Thoracica axillaris vel alaris. Scapu-
lar artery, inferior — a. Thoracica huraeralis.
Acromial artery — a. Transversulis colli: see
Cerebral arteries — a. Transversajis humeri, Sca-
pular artery, superior — a. Ulnaris, Cubital artery
— a. Uterina hypogastrica, Uterine artery — a.
Vasta posterior, A. Profunda femoris.
ARTE'RIAC, Arteri'uena. A medicine pre-
scribed in diseases of the windpipe. Also arte-
rial.
ARTE'RIiE ADIPO'S^. The arteries which
secrete the fat about the kidneys ore sometimes
so called. They are ramifications of the capsular,
diaphragmatic, renal, and spermatic arteries.
AuTKiUvE ApopluctiC'E, Carotids — a. Capitales,
Carotids — a. Ciliares, Ciliary arteries — a. Corporis
eallosi cerebri, Mesolobar arteries — a. Jugularos,
Carotids — a. Lethargicco, Carotids — a. Mesolobi-
cae, Mesolobar arteries — a. Prajparantes, Sper-
matic arteries — a. Somniferas, Carotids — a. Sopo-
rales, Carotids — a. Soporariffi, Carotids — a. Ve-
nosK, Pulmonary veins.
ARTE'RIAL, Arteri'acus, Arterio'aua. Be-
longing to arteries.
AuTKiiiAL Blood, (F.) Sang artericl. Red
blood is so called because contained in the arte-
ries. The pulmonary veins, however, also con-
tain red blood: hence the name arterial veins,
(F.) Veines arterielles, applied to them.
Arterial Constitution, Plethora arteriosa.
Akte'kial Duct, Cana'lis arteriu'sus, Ductus
arterio'sus seu Botal'lii, (F.) Canal artiriel, G.
Pnlmo-aortique, is the portion of the pulmonary
artery which terminates in the aorta in the foetus.
When this duct is obliterated after birth, it is
called Artc'rial Lig'ament, Ligamen'tum arterio'-
sum, (F.) Ligament arteriel.
Autbrial System includes all the arteries,
from their origin in the heart to their termina-
tion in the organs. See Vascular System.
ARTERIALIZATION OF THE BLOOD,
Hsematosis.
ARTERIARCTIE, from aprnpia, 'artery,' and
arcto, '1 straiten.' Contraction of an artery.
ARTERIECTASIS, Aneurism.
ARTERIECTOP'IA, from af>rr,pia, 'artery,'
and tKTonoi, ' out of place.' Dislocation of an
artery.
ARTERIEURYSMA, Aneurism.
ARTERIITIS, Arteritis.
ARTEIIIODIALYSIS, see Aneurism.
ARTERIOG'RAPHY, Arteriugra'jihin : from
aprrjpia, 'artery,' and ypa6>], 'a description.' A
description of the arteries.
ARTERIOLA. A small artery.
ARTERIOL'OGY, Arrer)"o/<;r/"(a/ from apm-
pia, 'artery,' and \oyos, 'a discourse.' A treatise
on the arteries.
ARTERIO-PHLEEOTOMY, see Bloodletting.
ARTE'RIO-PITU'ITOUS. An epithet ap-
plied to vessels which creep along the interior of
the nostrils. — Ruysch.
ARTERIORRHEXIS, see Aneurism.
ARTERIOS'ITAS, Artcrios'itt/, from arteria,
'an artery.' A condition of the blood in which
it preserves in the veins the arterial character. —
The opposite to Venositas.
Arteriositas Sanguinis, Prasdominium san-
guinis arteriosi.
ARTSJUOSTEIE, from apr^pta, 'artery,' and
oareov, 'a bone.' Ossification of an artery. —
Piorry.
ARTERIOSTENO'SIS, from aprppia, 'artery,'
and (XTcvog, 'contracted.' Contraction or oblite-
ration of an artery.
ARTElllOT 0kY,Arteriotom'ia. from apTripia,
'an artery,' and Tcpum, 'I cut.' This word has
been used for the dissection of arteries. Mosi
commonly, however, it means a surgical opera-
tion, which consists in opening an artery, to
draw blood from it. Arteriotomy is chielly used
in inflammatory affections of the head, when the
blood is generally obtained from the temporal
arterj'. See Bloodletting.
ARTERI'TIS, Arterii'lls, Tnflamma'tio Arte-
ria'rum, (F.) Arterite, Inflammation dca arteres ;
from apTrjpta, 'an artery,' and itis, a termination
denoting inflammation. Inflammation of an ar-
ARTERY
tery. Inflammation of the inner coat of an
artery is termed Endo-arteri'tis, or Endonar-
ten'tin; of tho outer, Exo-arteri'tis or Exar-
teri'lis.
AR'TERY, Arie'n'a, (F.) Artere, from avp,
air,' and Trjpeiv, 'to preserve,' quasi, 'receptacle
of iiir,' because the ancients believed that it con-
tained air. Tliey, at first, gave the name Artery
to tlie trachea, apT,,pt,i rpaxcia, because it is filled
with air; and afterwards they used the same
term for the arteries, properly so called, probably
because tliey commonly found them empty in the
dead body. We find, also, ^Ac/icf to designate
tho arteries, called by the Latins Veiia mican'tes
p\Uaitt' lies. Arteries, with the moderns, signify
the order of vessels, which arise from the two
ventricles of the heart, and have valves only at
their origin. They are cylindrical, firm, and
elastic canals; of a yellowish white colour; little
dilatable; easily lacerable ; and formed, 1. Of an
external, laminated, or areolar membrane, Tn'-
niun externa seu advent it" ia seu cellnla'ris, Va-
f/iiin cellulu'rin, of a dense and close character.
2. Of a middle coat, Tu'nica me'dia seu elas'-
tica, composed of fibres, which do not, however,
contract on the ai)plication of the galvanic stimu-
lus, formed chiefly of elastic tissue, and also of
smooth muscular fibres, and eminently elastic;
and, 3. Of an inner coat, Tu'niea in'tima seu
fjlabra, which is thin, diaphanous, reddish, and
polished.
The use of the arteries is to carry the blood
from the heart to the various parts of the system.
It will bo obvious, however, that they cannot all
convey arterial blood. The pulmonary artery,
for example,' is destined to convey the venous
blood to the lungs, there to be converted into
arterial ; whilst the pulmonary veins convey
arterial blood back to the heart.
TABLE OF THE PRINCIPAL ARTERIES OF THE BODY.
All the arteries take their rise from the Pul-
monary Artery, or the Aorta; and the names
generally indicate the parts to which they are
distributed.
I. Arteria Pulmonalis.
The Pulmonary Artery arises from the right
ventricle, and soon divides into a right and left
branch, one of which is distributed to each lung.
II. Arteria Aorta.
The Aorta arises from the left ventricle. It is
the common trunk of the arteries of the body,
and may be divided into five portions.
a. Arteries furnished hy the Aorta at its origin.
1. A. Cardiaca or coronaria anterior.
2. A. Cardiaca or coronaria posterior.
b. Arteries furnished hy the Aorta at its arch.
The arch of the Aorta gives off, to the left, two
considerable trunks — the Arteria carotidea pri-
mitira, and A. snhchivia ; and, to the right, a
sinirle trunk, which is larger — the A. innominata,
or lirnchio-cephalica, which divides into the ^K-
mitive carotid and subclavian.
A. AnTr.Riv C.VRO-f Divides into A. Carotidea externa,
TiuEv I'lUMiTiVA.l and A. Carotidea interna.
f b'urnishes, 1. A. Thyroidca superior.
2. A. Iiii[/'i<ilis, ■nhii'h gives off tho A. dor-
satis linsuo! and A. sublingualis.
3. A. facialis vel A. Jlaxillari.t externa,
which furnishes the A. palutina infe-
rior, the .\. submentalis, and A. coro-
narin superior and inferior.
4. A. occipitalis, which gives off the A.
mnstdidea posterior.
5. A. aurirularis posterior, which gives off
A. stylo-mastoidea.
i 6. -1. pliaryngca inferior. j
95
ARTERY
a. A. Ca-
ri)tidea
externiu
The external carotid ultiniatelv divides into the tem-
poral artery and internal maxillary.
Furnishes A. trann-ersalis faciei, A. auricu-
lar is anterior, and A. temjioralis media.
Tempo-
ralis.
2. A
Muxillor
ris in-
terna.
b. A. Ca-
rotidea
interna.
U. Ar-
teria
SuacLA.-
VIA.
A. Axil-
laris.
A. Bra-
cliialis.
l.A.Ra-
dialis.
2. A. Cu-
bitalis.
Furnishes 13 branches, viz. — A. meningea
media, A. dentaris inferior, A. temporalis
profunda posterior, A. masseterina, A.
pterijij(/idea, A. buccalis, A. lempwalis pro-
funda anterior, A. alveolaris, A. suborli-
taris, A. vidiana, A. pteryrjopalatina or
pMryngea superior, A. palalina superior,
and A. splienojMlatina.
Furnishes, 1. A. (pidladmica, which gives
off A. lacrymalis, A. centralis retina;, A.
supraorbitaria vel supcrciliaris, A. ciliarcs
posteriorcs. A. ciliares longaj, A. nuisi-u-
laris superior et inferior, A. ethmoidalis
po.sterior et anterior, A. palpebralis supe-
rior et inferior, A. nasalis, and A. fronta-
lis. 2 A. communicans WHIksH. 3. A.
choroidea. 4. A. cerebralis anterior. 5. A.
cerebralis media.
Furnishes, 1. A. vertebralis, which gives off
A. spinalis anterior et posterior, A. cere-
bellosa inferior, and forms — by uniting it-
self with that of the opposite side — the A.
basilaris, divided into A. cerebellosa su-
perior and A. cerebralis posterior. 2. A
t/it/roidca inferior, which gives off A. cer-
vicalis ascendens. 3. A. mammaria in-
terna, which gives off the A. mcdiastina
anterior and A. diaphragmatica superior.
4. A. intercostalis sujierior. 5. A. cervica.
lis transversa. 6. A. scapularis superii/r.
7. A. cervicalis posterior vel jirofunda.
Farther on, the subclavian artery contl-
tinues its progress under the name A. axil-
laris.
Furnishes, 1. A. acromialis. 2. A. thoracica
superior. 3. A. l/ioracica inferior vel lonya
vel mammaria externa. 4. A. scapularis
inferior vel communis. 5. A. circumfl(xa
posterior. 6. A. circumflexa anterior. Far-
ther on, the axillary artery continues un-
der the name A. brachiaUs.
Furnishes A. humeralis j^rnfunda vel collate-
ralis (f^terna. 2. A. collaleralis interna.
It afterwards divides into the radial and
cubital arteries.
[Gives off A. recurrens radialis, A. dorsalis
carpi, A. dm-salis meiacarpi, A. dorsalis
pollicis, and terminates in forming the
Arcus palmaris jirofundus.
Gives off A. 7-ecurrens cuhitalis anterior and
posterior: A. inlerossea anterior and pos-
terior, which latter furnishes A. recurrens
radialis posterior. It terminates in form-
ing the superficial palmar arcli, which
gives off A. coUaterales digitorum.
C. Arteries ejiven off hy the Aorta in the Thorax.
Tliese
arteries
are,
1. A. Sronchica. dextra et sinistra.
2. A. a-sopltagwa (to the number of four,
five, or six).
3. A. mediastincE posieriores.
4. A. intereostales inferiores vel aorticK
(to the numlxjr of eight, nine, or ten).
d. Arteries furnished hy the Aorta in the Abdomen.
if S ■ !• Tbe A. diaphragmatica vel phrenica,
Orancnes<, ^j^^^^^ ^^ sinistra.
2. A
Coiliaca.
3. A
itesen-
terica
superior.
4. A
Jfesen-
terica
inferior.
Which divides into three branches, 1. A. co-
ronaria ventriculi. 2. A. Hepatica. which
gives off A. pylorica, A. gastro-epiploica
dextra, and A. cystica; and, lastly, the A.
splenica, which gives off A. gastro-epiplo-
ica sinistra and Vasa brevia.
Which gives off at its concavity the A. cn-
lica dextra supcrim; media el inferitrr, and
at its convex part from 15 to 20 Kami iu-
testinales.
Which gives off A. colica snipei-ior media,
and inferior, and divides into A. hiemor-
rhoidales superiores.
5. The A. Ciipsulares medics (to the number of two ou
each side).
6. A. L'ennles vel Emulgentcs.
1. A. Spermatico'.
8. A. Lumlxires (to the number of four and five on
each side).
ARTETISCUS
9G
ARTIIROLOGY
ft. A. II-
iaca in--;
terna.
b. A. II-
iaca ex-
terna.
A. Ou-
ralis.
A. Pop-
litsea.
0. Arteries resulting from the Bifurcation of the
Aorta.
The Aorta, a little above its Bifurcation, si^es off
the A. sacra media, and divides into A. iliacce primi-
tivce.
A. llmra ( pj^j^j^j, j^j^ ^_ ^j-^^^ interna and A. lliaca
r Furnishes, 1. A.ilio-lumharis. 2. A. sacra
lateralis. 3. A glutea vel iliaca posterior.
4. A. umbilicalis. 5. A. ve^calis. 6. A.
oUwatoria. 7. A. hmmnrrhoidea media.
8. A. uterina. 9. A. vaginalis. 10. A.
ischiatica. 11. ^. pwlenda interna, which
gives off the A. hemorrhoidales inferiores.
A. of the, septum, A. transversa perinei,
A. corporis cavernosi, and A. dnrsalis penis.
' Furnishes, 1. A. epigastrica, 2. A. iliaca an-
terior vel drcumjlexa ilii, and is continued
afterwards under the name of Crural Ar-
tery.
'Furnishes, 1.^. suhcidanea ahdominalis. 2.
A. pwlenda superjiciulis undprofunda. 3.
A. muscularis sufxrjicialis. 4. A. muscu-
laris profunda, which gives off the A. cir-
oumflexa externa and interna, and the
three I'erforantes, distinE;uishod into su-
perior, middle, and inferior. Farther on,
the crural artery continues under the name
A. Pnplitma.
'Furnishes, 1. A. Articulares superiores, in-
terna, media, et exrterna. 2. A. Gamellce.
3. A. Articulares inferiores, interna et ex-
terna. 4. A tibialis antica, which, at the
foot, taljes the name A. dorsalis tarsi, and
gives off the tarsal and metatarsal arte-
ries. In the leg, the popliteal artery di-
viiles into the peroneal and posterior
tibial.
1. A. Fe- C Divides into A. peronwa antica a.n(i A. pero?ia!a
rona;a. } poxtica.
f Divides into A. plantaris interna and A.
I plantaris externa. The latter, by anasto-
2. A. Ti- I mosing with the A. dnrsalis tarsi, forms
bialis J. the plantar arch, whence arise Hami su-
postica periores Tel perforante.s postici, R. Tnferi-
I ores postici et a)itici, which give off liami
L perforantes antici.
Artery, Angular, Facial artery — a. Articu-
lar, Circumflex artery — a. Brachiocephalic, Inno-
ininata arteria — a. Central of the retina, Central
artery of the retina — a. Central of Zinn, Central
artery of the retina — a. Cephalic, Carotid — a.
Cerebral posterior, Vertebral — a. Cervico-scapu-
lar, see Cervical arteries — a. Coronary of the lips.
Labial artery — a. Crotaphite, Temporal artery —
a. Fibular, Peroneal artery — a. Gastric inferior,
Gastro-epiploic artery — a. Gastro-hepa-tic, see
Gastro-epiploic iirtery — a. Genital, Pudic (inter-
nal) artery — a. Guttural inferior, Th3'roideal A.
inferior — a. Guttural superior, Thyroideal A. su-
perior— a. Humeral, Brachial artery — a. Iliac
posterior. Gluteal artery — a. Iliaco-muscular,
Ileo-lumbar artery — a. Labial, Facial artery — a.
Laryngeal superior, Thyroideal artery, superior
— a. Maxillary internal. Facial artery — a. Median
of the sacrum, Sacral artery, anterior — a. Nasal,
lateral, large, Spheno-palatine artery — a. Palato-
labial, Facial artery — a. Pericophalic, Carotid
(external) — a. Pharyngeal, superior, Pterygo-
palatine artery — a. Phrenic, Diaphragmatic ar-
tery— a. Posterior, of the brain, sge Cerebral ar-
teries— a. External scapular, Acromial artery —
a. Spinal, Meningeal artery, middle — a. Subcla-
vian right, Innorainata arteria — a. Subscapular,
Scapular artery, inferior — a. Superficial of the
abdomen. Ad cutem abdominis (arteria) — a. Su-
pramaxillary. Alveolar artery — a. Suprarenal,
Capsular artery — a. Thoracic, internal, Mammary
internal — a. Urethro-bulbar, Transverse perineal
artery — a. Vesico-prostatie, Vesical artery — a.
Vidian. Ptervgoid artery.
ARTETIS'CUS, from arf!(8, 'a limb.' One who
has lost a limb.
ARTEURYSMA. Aneurism.
ARTHANI'TA, from aproj, 'bread;' the Cyc'-
Inmcn or Sowbread. It was formerly made into
ointment, Unguen'tnm Arthani'ta., with many
other substances, and was employed as a purga-
tive, being rubbed on the abdomen.
Arthanita Cyclamen, Cyclamen.
ARTHETICA, Tcucrium chamaepitys.
ARTHRAGRA, Gout— a. Anomala, Gout, an-
omalous— a. Genuina, Gout, regular — a. Legiti-
ma, Gout, regular— a. Normalis, Gout, regular —
a. Vera, Gout, regular.
ARTHRALGIA, Arthrodynia, Gout. See Lead
rheumatism.
ARTHRELCO'SIS, from ap^pov, 'a joint,' and
'tXA-uKTtj, 'ulceration.' Ulceration of a joint.
ARTHREMBOLE'SIS, same etymon as the
next. The reduction of a fracture or luxation.
ARTHREM'BOLUS, from ap^pov, 'a joint,"
£v, 'in,' and /3aXXu, 'I cast.' An ancient instru-
ment used in the reduction of dislocations.
ARTIIRETICA, Teucrium chamaspitys.
AKT\i'RlTlC,Arthrit'icus, Gouty, irom ap^pov,
'ajoint.' (F.) Arthritique, Gontteux. That which
relates to gout or arthritis, as arthritic symptoms,
&c. See Podagric.
ARTHRITICUS VERUS, Gout.
ARTHRITIF'UGUM, from arthritis, 'gout,'
and fugare, 'to drive away.' A remedy that
drives away gout. Heyden terms cold water,
internally, the arthritif'ugnm magnum.
ARTHRITIS, Gout, Arthrophlogosis, Arthro-
sia — a. Aberrans, Gout (wandering) — a. Acuta,
Gout (regular) — a. Arthrodynia, Rheumatism,
chronic — a. Asthenica, Gout (atonic) — a. Atonic,
Gout (atonic) — a. Diaphragmatica, Angina Pec-
toris— a. Erratica, Gout (wandering) — a. Hydrar-
thros, Ilydrarthrus — a. Inflammatoria, Gout (re-
gular) — a. Juvenilis, see Rheumatism, acute — a.
Maxillaris, Siagonagra — a. Nodosa, Gout (with
nodosities) — a. Planetica, Gout (wandering) — a.
Podagra, Gout — a. Rheumatica, see Rheumatism,
acute — a. Rheuraatismus, Rheumatism, acute —
a. Retrograda, Gout (retrograde).
ARTHROC'ACE, from ap^pov, 'a joint,' and
KaKOi, 'bad.' Disease of the joints; and espe-
cially caries of the articular surfaces. Spina
ventosa.
Arthrocace Coxarum, Coxarum morbus.
ARTHROCACOLOG"IA, from arthrocaeia—
according to Rust, a chronic disease of the joints;
and Xoyos, 'a description.' A treatise on chronic
diseases of the joints.
ARTHROCARCINO'MA, from apSpov, 'a
'joint,' and KapKtvtaita, 'cancer.' Cancer of the
joints.
ARTHROCnONDRI'TISjfroraapSpol/, 'a
joint,' ;;^oi'i5pof, 'a cartilage,' and itis, denoting
inflammation. Inflammation of the cartilages
and joints.
ARTHRO'DIA, from ap&pov, 'a joint.' Adar-
ticula'tio, (F.) Etifonrure, Enfoncenrc. A move-
able joint, formed by the head of a lionc applied
to the surface of a shallow socket, so that it can
execute movements in every direction. Arthro'-
dium is ' a small joint;' diminutive of Arthrodia.
ARTHRODYN'IA, Arthronal'gia, Arthral'gia,
from ap^pov, 'a joint,' and oivvrj, 'pain.' Articu-
lar pain. Pain in the joints. See Rheumatism,
chronic.
ARTHRonYNiA Podagrica, Gout.
ARTHROG'RAPHY, Arthrograph'ia, from
ap^pov, 'a joint,' and ypatpw, 'I write.' A de-
scription of the ioints.
ARTHROGRYPO'SIS, from ap^pov, 'a joint,'
and ypuOTo), 'I ineurvate.' Malposition of the
joints, especially of the hands and feet.
ARTHROHYDRINE, Synovia.
ARTHROL'OGY, Arihrolog"ia, from ap5pov,
'a joint,' and 'Xoyog, 'a description.' A descrip-
tion of the joints. The anatomy of the joints.
ARTHROMBOLE
9'
ARTIFICIAL
ATITIIR0MT50LE, from ap^poi;, and 0an<D,
'I cast.' Coaiitation, reduction. Reduction of
a luxated or fractured V)i)ne.
AliTllliOMKNlXGITIS. Meningarthrocaee.
Al'iTIIllON, 'ajoint.' The ancients used the
word Art/iroii for the articulation of bones with
motion, in oj^ixhsition to Sijmphijiils, or articula-
tion wirliout motion.
ART!! ROXAL(iIA, Arthrodynia.
ARTURON'CUS, Arthro])}n/'nia, from ap^pov,
*a joint,' and oyKos, 'a swelling.' Tumefaction
of a iniiit.
ARTHRONEMPYESIS, Arthropyosis.
A RTllR01"ATHY,A(?/iro;)f(</((''«, from ap^pov,
*a joint,' and naS-os, 'afi'ection.' A disease of the
joints.
ARTIIROPIILOGO'SIS, from ap^pov, 'ajoint,'
and <i.\cyoi, ' I burn :' Arthri'tie, Ost-arthro'sia.
Inflaiiiination of the joints.
ARTHKOniLOGbSIS SYNOVIALIS, Syno-
vitis.
ARTIIROPHYMA ADENOCIIONDRIUM,
see Adcndchondrius.
ARTlIKOPYO'SrS, ArtJtronempT/e'sis, from
ap^pov, 'a joint,' and itvov, 'pus.' Suppuration
or ahscoss of tlic joints.
ARTIIRO-RIIEUMATISMUS, Rheumatism
(acute).
ARTIIRO'SIA, from ap^ijou,, 'I articulate.'
ArtliritiH, (of some). Inflammation, mostly con-
fined to the joints; sevcrel.y painful ; occasionally
extending to the i^urrounding nniscles. A genus
of diseases in the Nosology of Good, including
Jiheuiiiatiam, Goitt, Articular injlammution, Joint-
ache, &c.
AitTHnosiA Acuta, Rheumatism, acute — a.
Chronica, Rheumatism, chronic — a. Lumborum,
Lumbago — a. Podagra, Gout — a. Podagra com-
plicata, Gout (retrograde) — a. Podagra larvata,
Gout (atonic) — a. Podagra regularis, Gout (re-
gular).
AKTIIROSTR, Articulation.
ARTIIROSPON'GUS, from ap^pov, 'a joint,'
and oToyyof, 'a sponge.' A white, fungous tu-
mour of the joints.
ARTIIUOTRAU'JrA, from ap&pov, 'a joint,'
and Tftiiv/jii, 'a wound.' A wound of a joint.
AR'TIA. According to some, this word is sy-
nonymous with aprnpia; Others use it synony-
mously with Trrirlien.
AllTK'llAUT, Cynara scolymus.
ARTirilOKE, Cynara scolymus.
AIITICI.E, Articulation — a. of Death, see
Psychorngos.
ARTICOCALUS, Cynara scolymus.
ARTICULAR, Articiila'ris, (F.) Articvlnire,
from nrfii.1, 'a joint;' articultis, 'a small joint.'
That which relates to the articulations — as the
arliciiliir ciipaii/eH, &c.
AuTiciiLAit Arteries of the Arm, Circumflex
arteries of the arm.
Ainic'ui.AR Au'teries op the Knee arise
from the popliteal artery, and surround the tibio-
femoral articulation. Although of a small size,
they are important, as they furnish blood to the
lower extremity after the operation for popliteal
aneurism. They are distinguished into superior
and inferior. The superior artioilnr arteries,
])op?ii)(il nrticiilfir arterio, are commonly three
in number; one of which is iiitertial, another ex-
ternal, and another middle, the az'yrfoua artic'-
idiir. Th-e first, Jiamits niiastomot'icns mngitus,
anastomoses by one branch with the external cir-
cumflex, and by another with the external su])e-
rior articular. The second anastomoses with the
external circumflex, the superior internal arti-
cular, and the inferior external articular; and
the third is distributed within the joint. The in-
ferior articular arteries are two in number : an
7
internal and external. The former anastomoses
with the internal superior articular and the ex-
ternal inferior articular. The latter anastomoses
with the recurrent branch of the anterior tibial,
and the external superior articular. To each
articular artery there is an articular nerve.
AnTic'ui-AR Facettes' are the contiguous
surfaces, by means of which the bones are arti-
culated.
Articular Processes, see Vertebrae.
Artic'ui.ar Veins of the knee follow the
same course as the arteries.
ARTICULATED, Articula'tus, (F.) ArticnU,
same etymon as Articulation. Provided with, or
united by, articulations ; as an ' articulated skele-
ton.' See Skeleton, articulated; and Voice, ar-
ticulated.
ARTICULATIO, Articulation— a. Artifieialis,
Pseudarthrosis — a. Notha, Pseudarthrosis.
ARTICULA'TIOX, Joint, Articula'tlo, Ar-
thro'sis, AisartJno'ais, Artic'ulus, Junctu'ra, Cola,
(Jonjunc'lio, Nodus, Commissu' ra, Compa'tjes,
Sijntax'ia, JIar'mua, Vertic'ula, Vertic'uluH, Ver-
tic'ulnm, (F.) Articulation, Article. By some of
the French surgeons and anatomists, article is
restricted more particularly to a movable articu-
lation. Same etymon. The union of bones with
each other, as well as the kind of union.
table op articulations.
Articulations are generally divided into Dlar-
tJiroses or movable articulations, and Hi/nar-
throsea or immovable.
1. Amphiarthrosis.
2. Diurtlirosis, or bicu- /En arthrosis,
liir vague. ( Artlirodin.
3. Altfirn.itive or Gingljmus, which
admits of varieties.
1. '-utiire.
2. Harmony.
3. Gnmphosis.
[ 4. Scliindjicsis.
The articulations are subject to a number of
diseases, which are generally somewhat severe.
These may be physical, as wounds, sprains, luxa-
tions, (fee; or they may be organic, as ankylosis,
extraneous bodies, caries, rheumatism, gout, hy-
drarthroses, arthropyosis, Ac.
Articulation means also the combination of
letters which constitute words. See Voice.
Articulation, False, Pseiidarthro'sia, Artic'-
ulus fal-sHS, (F.) A. ffiusse, A. accidentelle, A.
contre nature, A. anorniale. A false joint, formed
between fragments of bone, that have remained
ununited ; or between a luxated bone and the
surrounding parts.
AR TICULA TION SURNUMERAIRE,
Pseudarthrosis — a. en Charniere, Ginglymus — a.
de la Haiiche. Coxo-femoral articulation.
ARTICULI DIGITORUM MANUS, Phalan-
ges of the fingers — a. Digitorum pedis. Phalanges
of the toes.
ARTICULO MORTIS, see Psychorages — a.
Spinalis, Semispinalis colli.
ARTICULUS NOVUS, Pseudarthrosis— a.
Pra'ternaturalis, Pseudarthrosis — a. Sfturius,
Pseudarthrosis.
ARTIFICIAL, Artifcia'lis, (F.) Arfifcicl,
from ars, artis, 'art,' and facere, 'to make.'
That which is formed by art.
Artificial Eyes are usually made of enamel,
and repres-ent a sort of hollow hemisphere, which
is applied beneath the eyelids, when the eye is
lost.
Artificial Teeth are made of ivory, porct-
lain, Ac.
Pieces d' Anatomic Artificielles, are prepara-
.tions of anatomy, modelled in wax, plaster, pa-
per, Ac.
Diarthroscs.
Synarthroses.
ARTISCOCCUS L.EVIS
98
ASARUM
AKTTSCOCCUS L^VIS, Cynara scolymus.
ARTIS'CUS, from a/iros, 'bread.' See Tro-
chiscus. A troch of the shape of a siiiall loaf.
Also, and especially, a troph made of vipers.
ARTOCARPUS. The Bread-fruit Tree, (F.)
Jiii/iiier, from apros, 'bread,' and Kapiros, 'fruit.'
A Polynesian tree, so called because the fruit,
which is milky, and juicy, supplies the place of
bread to the inhabitants. It grows to the height
of 40 feet.
AriTocARPUS In'tegripoi.ia, Caoutchouc.
ARTOC'REAS, from «pro{, ' bread,' and Kpeas,
'flesh.' A kind of nourishing food made of va-
rious aliments boiled together. — Galen.
ARTOCi'ALA, from aproi, 'bread,' and ya>.a,
'milk.' An alimentary preparation of bread and
milk. A poultice.
ARTOM'ELI. from aprog, 'bread,' and ficXi,
'honey.' A cataplasm of bread and honey. —
Galen.
ARTUS, Merabrum.
ARTVMA, Aroma, Condiment.
ARUM, A. maculatuui. and A- triphyllum — a.
Americanum betae foliis, Draeontium foetidum.
AUUM Dkacon'tium, Arintr/ma dracoii'tium,
Green Dragon; indigenous, has probably the
same medical properties as A. triphyllum.
Arum Dracun'culus, A. jiolyphyl'lnm, Drn-
cnn'culiis pdhjphijl'lun, Cohibri' na Dracon'tia,
Erva de Suncta Maria, Gig'arws serpenta'ria,
Serpeiitd'ria Gallo'rnm. Family, Aracea?. Sex.
Syxt. Monoecia Polyandria. The roots and leaves
are very acrimonious. The plant resembles the
A. maenla'tum in its properties.
Arum Escui.en'tum, Cula'dium cscnlcn'tnm.
Turo, Kalo. The foliage and roots possess acrid
qualities, which are dissipated by baking or boil-
ing; in which form it is used as food by the
people of Madeira, the Polynesians, <fec.
Arum JiACULA'TUkf, Avon, Arum (of the older
writers), A. vnhja're, CitrJcow Pint, (Prov.) Cocky-
hdhy, Barha Aitra'nis, Serpenta'ria minor, Zin'-
yiber German' iciiin, Saeerdo'tis pr.nin, WaJie
Itohin, Priest's pintle, (P.) Gouet, Pied de Venn,
Piedde liecre, Picotin, Giron, Amidonniere. The
fresh root is stimulant internally. Dose, Qj. of
the dried root. Externally, it is very acrid.
From the root of this Arum a starch is prepared,
which is called Portland Island Sago, Gersa ser-
penta'ria, Cerus'sa serpenta'rice, JPec'ula ari
wacnla'ti.
Arum, Three-Lraved, Arum triphyllum.
Arum Triphyl'lum, Arism'ma atromhens,
Three-leaved arum, (F.) Pied de Veau triphyUe,
Indian Turnip, I)rai/on Hoot, Drar/on Turnip,
Pepper Turnip. This plant grows all over the
United States, and is received into the Pharma-
copoeia under the title Arum. The recent root,
or Cormus — Arum, (Ph. U. S) — is very acrimo-
nious, and has been employed in asthma, croup,
and hooping-cough. Boiled in lard, it has been
used in tinea capitis, and in milk in consumption.
Arum Virginicum, Peltandra Virginica — a.
Vulgare, A. maculatum — a. Water, Calla palus-
tris.
ARUMARI, Caramata.
ARUXDO BAMBOS, Bamhoo — a. Brachii
innjor, Ulna — a. Brachii minor, Radius — a. Iii-
dica, Sagittarium alexipharmacum — n. JMajor,
Tibia — a. Minor, Fibula — a. Saccharifera, see
Saecharum.
AHVA. Ava.
ARVUM. Vulva — a. iSTaturae, Uterus.
ARY-ARYTENOID.EUS. Arytenoidtcus — a.
Epiglotticus, Arytaeno-epiglotticus.
ARYTyE'XA, ai.vmtva. 'a ladle.' Ilence,
ARYTiE'NO-EPIGLOT'TICUS, yl/-i//ffi'no-
epi(]tottid(B'us, Ary-epi<jlot'ticus. That which be-
longs to the arytenoid cartilages and epiglottis.
Winslow gives this name to small, fleshy fasci-
culi, which are attached, at one extremity, to the
arytenoid cartilages, and, by the other, to the free
edge of the epiglottis. These fibres do not aU
waTs exist. They form part of the arytenoid
muscle of moilcrn anatomists.
ARYT'EXUID, ArytanoVdes, Arytenoida'us,
from apvTaii/a, 'a, ladle,' and uios, ' shape.' Ladle-
shaped.
Arytenoid Car'tilages, Cartilar/"ines aryle-
nni'des seu gnttura'lcs seu (jutturi'na sen ijutturi-
for'mes seu triq' uetra, Guttnr'nia, are two carti-
lages of the larynx, situate posteriorly above the
cricoid, which, by approximation, diminish the
aperture of the glottis. Their upper extremities
or cornua are turned towards each other, and are
now and then found loose, in the form of appen-
dices, which are considered, by some, as distinct
cartilages, and termed cuneiform or tubercnluted
Cartilages, Comic' uln Laryn'gis.
Arytenoid Glands, Gland'ulcB Aryfenoidrn'm,
are small, glandular, whitish bodies, situate an-
terior to the A. cartilages. They pour out a mu-
cous fluid to lubricate the larynx.
AllYTENOIDiE'US, (F.) Arytenoidien. A
small muscle, which passes from one arytenoid
cartilage to the other, by its contraction brings
them together, and diminishes the aperture of
the glottis. Winslow divided the muscle into
three portions; — t\\Q Arytenoidoe'us transver'siis,
or Ary-arytenoidce'us, and two Arytenoidm'i ob-
li'qui.
ARYTIIM, Aryth'mia, from a, privative, and
pvOiioi, 'rhythm,' 'measure.' Irregularity. This
word is applied chiefly to the pulse.
ASA, Asafoetida. See Assa — a. Dulcis, Ben-
jamin.
ASA'E(ETl'T>A,.Assafce'tida (Ph. U. S.), Assa-
fet'ida, Stercus diab'oli, Cibus Deo'rum, Asa,
Devil's dung. Food of the Gods. A gum-resin —
the concrete juice of Ferula Assafa'tida, A'nr-
thex Assdfaitida. Order, Umbelliferae. It is in
small masses of a whitish, reddish, and violet
hue, adhering together. Taste bitter and suba-
crid : smell insupportably alliaceous. The Asi-
atics use it regularly as a condiment.
Its medical properties are antispasmodic, sti-
mulant, and anthelmintic. Dose, gr. v to xx, in
pill.
ASAGR^^.A OFFICINALIS, see Veratrina.
AS' A PES, Asip'ton, properly, not putrid, from
a, privative, and aanm, or (j^jto), 'I corrupt.' A
term applied by Hippocrates to the sputa, or to
other matters evacuated, which do not give signs
of coction.
ASAPH'ATUM, from a, privative, and tru^iif,
'clear.' This term has been applied to collec-
tions in the sebaceous follicles of the skin, which
may be pressed out like little worms, with a black
head. See Acne.
ASAPHI'A, from a, privative, and catpr]i,
'clear.' Dyspho'nin immodula'ta palati'na, J'a-
rapho'nia guttura'lis seu palati'na. Defective
articulation, dependent upon diseased palate.—
Hippocrates, Vogel.
ASARABACCA, Asarum— a. Broad-leaved,
Asnniin Canadense.
ASAR'CON, from a, priv., and aap^, 'flesh.'
Devoid of flesh. Aristotle uses the term for the
head when it is but little fleshy, compared with
the chest and abdomen.
ASARET, Asarum — a. du Canada, Asarum
Canadense.
ASARI'TES, from aaapov, 'the asarum.' A
diuretic wine, of which asarum was an ingredient.
— Dioseorides.
AS'ARU.M, from a, privative, and tratpeiv, 'to
adorn :' because not admitted into the ancient
coronal wreaths [?], As'arum Europa'um sou
ASBESTOS SCALL
99
ASCLEPIAS ALBA
offl.in'nn'!p, NardiiH Monta'nn sen RiiHt'icn, Az'-
fu-um. (F.) An,iret on Cnbiiret, Aznrinn Cah'iret.
Oreille d'homme, Oreilletle, Girnrd-RouHnin, Nurd
S'litvnge. Order, Aristolochiaceac, Sea-. Synf.
Dodecandria MonoRynia. The plant, used in
medicine, is the An'urHtH Eiiropm'nm, Ainrabac'-
va, and of this the leaves. They are emetic,
cathartic, and errhine, but are h^irdly ever em-
jiiiiyed, except for the last purpose.
ASARUM Canadrn'sk, A. Cnrtdhtifi'nvm, Cn-
<ir<d(i Sii<il:'-roi)t, Wild (Siiujer, Colt's Foot, Broad-
leaf Aiarahacca, Indian Giiir/er, Heart Siiake-
rixtt, (1<\) Axaret du Canada. The root AH'ai-um,
(Ph. U. S.), is used as a substitute for ginger, and
is said to act as a warm stimulant and dia-
]ih(irotic.
AsARUw Carolinianum, a. Canadense — a.
Europieum, see Asarum — a. Ilypocistis, Cytinus
liypooisfis — a. Officinale, see Asarum.
■ ASBESTOS SCALL, see Eczema of the hairy
scalp.
ASCATN, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ascain
is a village, situate about a league from St. Jean-
<le-Luz, in France. The witter is a eold chaly-
beate.
ASCARDAMYC'TES, from a, privative, and
nKap&uiJvrTu), ' I twinkle the eyes.' One who stares
with tixed eyes, without moving the eyelids. —
llippoerates.
ASCARICIDA ANTIIELMINTICA, Verno-
tiia anthelmintica.
ASrARfDE^ LUMnniCOiDE, Ascarislum-
briciiides — a. Vermindaire, .\scaris vermieularis.
AS'CARIS, pi. ASCAR'IDES, from «(r*a,„^a),
' I lca|).' A genus of intestinal worms, cbarac-
t'Tized by a long, cylindrical body, extenuated
at the extremities; and having a mouth furnished
with three tubereules, from which a very short
tube is sometimes seen issuing. Formerly, there
vcro reckoned two varieties of the Ascaris — the
An'i-iiris liiiidjrieo'i'dcs seu f/ii/as hoiti'inin, Lidii-
lii-i'ma, L. teres fioiii'inis, Scolex, (F.) Loiiibri-
eiiide, Asearide lomhrico'ide, Lomhric, or long
round worm ; and the As'caris Vennicida'ris
— the Ascaris proper — the thread worm or maw
irorni. The former is alone included under
tlie genus, at present — a new genus having been
formed of the A. vermieularis, under the name
Oxyuris. It is the O.ri/u'ris seu Fiisa'ria rer-
micida'ris, (F.) Asearide, A. verniieulaire, Ojcyiire
vermleidaire.
A new s]iecies of entozoa has been found by
Dr. Reliingham, the As'caris alu'ta.
AscAius Alata. see Ascaris — a. Gigas horainis,
see Ascaris — a. Luinbricoides, see Ascaris — a.
Renalis, Stronjjylus gigas — a. Trichuria, Tricho-
copbalns — a. Vermieularis, see Ascaris — a. Visce-
ralis. Strongylus gigas.
AS'CELES, As'keles, Carens cru'rihns, from a,
privative, and cr/ctAof, 'a leg.' One who has no
legs.
ASCELLA, Axilla.
ASCEX'DENS, from ascendere, (ad and sean-
(iere,) 'to ascend.' (F.) Ascendant. Parts are
thus called, which are supposed to arise in a re-
gion lower than that where they terminate. Thus,
Aorta ascendens is the aorta from its origin to the
arch : Vena earn aseendcns, the large vein which
(ariips the blood from the inferior parts to the
hc.irt: Oldiqniis ascendens (vuiscle), the lesser
olilif|ue muscle of the abdomen, <tc.
ASOKN'SUS MORBL The period of increase
of a disease.
ASrflRRSONIAN VESICLES, see Vesicles,
Aschersonian.
ASCl'STS. Exercise.
ASrillL, Scilla.
ASnilSTODAC'TYLUS, Si/ndac'tyl,:s, from
a, privative, a^^iaro:, 'cleft;' and i^uktiXoj, 'a
finger.' A monster whose fingers are not sepa-
rated from one another. — Gurlt.
AS'CIA (an axe), Axine, Seepar'nos, Dol'ahra,
Fas'eia spiralis. Name of a bandage mentioned
by the ancients, and figured by Scultetus, in the
shape of an axe or hatchet.— Galen. See Doloire.
ASCILLA, Axilla.
ASCITE, Ascites — a. Peritoneale, Ascites.
ASCI'TES, from a(XKos, 'a leathern sack, a
large heUy:' — Aski'tes, Hydroee'le Peritona'i,
Hifdrops Ahdom'inis seu Ascites, Hijdrofjas'ter,
Ihjdroperitone'nm, Hijdroece'lia, Ilijdre' trum, As-
cli'tes, Cwh'och't/sts, Dropsy of the lower belli/,
Dropsy of the Peritone'um, (F.) Ascite, A. pfrito-
neale, Hydro-perilonie, Hydrojiisie du Bas-ventre
ou dn peritoine. A collection of serous fluid in
the abdomen. Ascites proper is dropsy of the
peritoneum; and is characterized by increased
size of the abdomen, by fluctuation and the gene-
ral signs of drojisy. It is rarely a primary dis-
ease: but is alwaj-s danj;erous, and but little sus-
ceptible of cure. Most generally, it is owing to
obstructed circulation in some of the viscera, or
to excitement of the vessels of the abdominal
organs. The treatment is essentially the same
as that of other dropsies. Paracentesis, when
had recourse to, can only be regarded as a pal-
liative.
Dropsy of the peritoneum may also be saccated
or in cysts, and occasionally the fluid accumulates
exterior to the peritoneum, Ilydreplrjas'trinm.
When in cysts it is termed Ilydroeys'tis, Hydrops
ahdom'inis sacca'tiis seu cys'ticus and Asei'tes
saeca'tns.
Ascites IIepato-Cysticus, Turgescentia vesi-
cula; felletc — a. Ovarii, Hydrops ovarii — a. Puru-
lentus, Pyocnelia — a. Saccatus, see Ascites, lly-
droarion, and Hydrops ovarii.
ASCIT'IC, Aseit'icus, (F.) Aseitiqne. Relating
or appertaining to, or affected with, ascites.
ASCLEPI'AD^E, Asdepi'ades, from AcKXriTtos,
'iEsoulapius.' The priest physicians, who served
in the ancient temples of ^^Isculapius, and who
took their name from being his descendants.
ASCLEPIADE, Asclepias vincetoxicum.
ASCLEPIAS ALBA, A. vincetoxicum —a.
Apocynum, A. Syriaca — a. Asthmatica, Tylo-
phora asthmatica — a. Cornuti, A. Syriaca — a.
Crispa, Gomphocarpus crispus.
Asclkpias Curassav'ica, Bastard Ipecacu-
anha, Bedhead, Bloodweed, The leaves are
emetic in the dose of one or two scruples. It
is the Ipeeaeuanlia blanc of St. Domingo.
AscLEPiA.s Decum'bkxs: the root. Escharotic,
cathartic, sudorific, diuretic.
Asclepias, Flesh-coloured, A. Incarnata —
a. Gigantea, Mudar.
AsCLE'piAS IncAKNA'tA, a. pnlehra. Flesh-,
coloured or su-amp asclejiias or silkn:eed. The
root of this plant, which grows in all parts of the
United States, and is officinal in the Ph. U. S.,
has the same virtues as A. Syriaca, and A. tube-
rosa.
Asclepias Obovata, A. Syriaca.
Asclepias Proc"era [ ? ], Reidelossar, Bci-
delsar. An Egyptian plant, the leaves of which
are made into a plaster, and applied to indident
tumours. The milky juice is caustic, and is used
as such.
Asclepias Pseudosarsa. Hemidesmus Indi-
cus — a. Pubescens, A. Syriaca — a. Pulchra, A.
incarnata.
Asclepias Sykiaca, A. pnbes'ccns seu apoc"y-
num seu obova'ta seu tomento'sa seu Cornn'ti,
Common SUkweed, Milk Weed, (F.) Ilerbe d la
hoiiette. The cortical part of the root, officinal
in the Ph. U. S., has been given, in powder, in
ASCLEPIASMUS
100
ASPHYXIA
asthmatic and pulmonic affections in general,
and, it is said, witli success.
Asci.k'imas Sulltvan'tii, Smooth Milhweed,
SUkweed: indigenous, possesses the same virtues
as the next.
AscLKPiAS ToMENTTOSA, A. Syriaca.
AscLi:'riAS Tcbeuo'sa, ButterjJy Weed, Pleu-
rifij lioot, F/iix Root, Wli\d Root, Wind Weed,
White Root, Oraii'je Swallow Root, Silk Weed,
Cnnnda Root, Orange Apoc'ynnm, Tuhcroas
Mooted Sical'/ow Wort. Said to have been first
recomuiended by the Asc-lepiades. In Virginia
and thf Carolinas, the root of this plant — officinal
in the Ph. U. S. — has been long celebrated as a
remedy in pneumonic affections. It is sudo-
rific, and the powder acts as a mild purgative.
Its chief powers are said to be expectorant, dia-
phoretic, and febrifuge. It is occasionally given
to relieve pains of the stomach from flatulency
and indigestion.
Asclkpias ViNCETOx'icujr, A. Alhn, Cynan'-
tlinm Viiiceto.v' iciim, Vinceto.r'icum, V. Offieina'le,
Hirundina'ria, Apoc"j/tinm Nova An'fflim hirun'-
tum, &■;., Sii}iilln,r-Wort, White Swallow- Wort,
(F. ) Anc/epi'ide, Uoinpte-venin.
The root is said to be stimulant, diuretic, and
emmenasjntfue, but is hardly ever used.
ASCLEPIASMUS, Haemorrhois.
ASCLITES, Ascites.
ASCO'MA, from aoKo;, ' n bottle.' The emi-
nence of the puhes at the period of puberty in
females. — Rufus of Ephesus.
ASE. Anxiety.
ASEliLI, Onisci aselli.
ASELLUS, Oniscus.
ASE'MA CRISIS, xinats aarijia, from a, priva-
tive, and arj^a, ' a sign.' A crisis occurring unex-
pectedly and without the ordinary precursory
signs.
ASEPTON", A'sapos.
ASH, BITTER, Quassia — a. Blue, Fraxinus
quadrangulata — a. Mountain, Sorbus acuparia
— a. Mountain, American, Sorbus Americana
• — a. Prickly, Aralia spinosa, Xanthoxylum clava
llerculis — a. Prickly, shrubby, Xanthoxylum
fraxinenm — a. Stinking, Ptelea trifoliata — a.
Tree, Fraxinus excelsior — a. White, Fraxinus
Americana.
ASIALORRIKE'A, (F.) Asinlorrhee, from a,
priv., ffi'Aov, 'saliva,' and p£ii), 'to flow.' Diminu-
tion in the flow of saliva.
ASIMINA TRILOBA, see Carica papaya.
ASIT"IA, from a, privative, and o-iroj, 'food.'
Abstinence from food. Want of appetite, — Faa-
tid'iiiin cibo'rinn, Apoclei'sis.
ASIUS LAPIS, Assius Lapis.
ASJAGAN, As'Jor/am. An Indian tree, the
juice of whose leaves, mixed with powdered
cumin seeds, is employed in India in colic.
AS.TOiJAM, Asjagan.
ASKELES, Asceles.
ASKER, Eschar.
ASKITES, Ascites.
ASO'DES, Asso'den, from aarj, 'disgust,' 'sati-
ety.' A fever accompanied with anxiety and
nausea : Fe'bris nno'des vel azo'des.
ASPALASO'MUS, from aorraXaf, 'a mole,' and
ffw/ifl, 'a body.' A genus of monsters in which
there is imperfect development of the eyes. —
I. G. St. Ililaire. Also, a malformation, in which
the fissure and eventration extend chiefly upon
the lower part of the abdomen ; the urinary ap-
paratus, genitals and rectum opening externally
by three distinct orifices. — Vogel.
ASPALTUM. Asphaltum.
ASPAKAGINE, see Asparagus.
ASPAR'AGUS, Aanapayoi, Aspar'arjuD ojffici-
na'lis, Common Aspara(/iis, Spar'afjns, Sper'n</n»,
Sjjarrow Grass, Grass, Sperage. . Ord, Aspho-
deleae. Sex. Sijst. Hexandria Monogynia. As-
par'agi offieina'lis I'urio'nes, (F.) A/iperge. Tlio
fresh roots are diuretic, perhaps owing to the im-
mediate erj'stallizable principle, Asparogine,
which is said to bo sedative in the dose of a few
grains. The young shoots are a well known and
esteemed vegetable diet. They communicate a
peculiar odour ,to the urine. A syrup made of
the young shoots and an extract of the roots has
been recommended as a sedative in heart affec-
tions.
ASPA'SIA. A ball of wood soaked in an in-
fusion of galls, and used by females for constring-
ing the vagina.
ASPEN, AiMERTCAN, Populus tremuloides—
a. European, Popnlus tremula.
ASPERA ARTERIA, Trachea.
ASPERGE, Asparagus.
ASPERITAS ARTERIA ASPERiE, Rau-
cedo. , , ^
ASPERITE DES PAUPIERES, Trachoma.
ASPERITUDO, Trachoma.
ASPER'ITY, Asper'it(i8, roughness. Asperi-
ties are inequalities on the surfaces of bones,
which often serve for the insertion of fibrous
organs.
ASPERMATIA, Aspermatismus.
ASPERiMATIS'MUS, A^j^er'mia, Asperma'tin,
from a, privative, and (rircpixa, 'sperm.' Reflux
of sperm from the urethra into the bladder, dur-
ing the venereal orgasm.
ASPERMIA, Aspermatismus.
ASPERSIO, Catapasma, Fomentation.
ASPER'SION, Asper'dio, from aspergere (ad
and spargere), 'to sprinkle,' (F.) Arrosemeiit.
Act of sprinkling or pouring a liquid guttatim
over a wound, ulcer, &c.
ASPERULA, Galium aparine.
Asper'ulA Odoua'ta, (diminutive of asper,
'rough,' the seeds being rough), Ga'linm odora'-
tiim, jMatrimjl'va, Ifr'piit'ica stella'ta, (F.) Aspe-
rnle odorante ou Mnguet des hois, Hepotiqne
etoilee. Ord. Rubiaceae. Sex. Si/st. Tetrandria
Monogynia. Sweet-scented Woodroof. Said to
be diuretic, deobstrueut, tonic, and vulnerar}'.
ASPERULE ODORANTE, AgperulAodoTnts,.
ASPHALTI'TES, Nephri'tes, Nephri'tis, Pri-
ma Vertebra lumba'ria, same etymon as asphal-
tum. A name given by some to the last lumbr.r
vertebra. — Gorra^us.
ASPHAL'TUM, Ncp'ta,Arsnl'tos, Asphnrium,
from a(Tif,a\i{,ttv, ' to strengthen,' being used as
a cement. [? ] With the Greeks, this word signi-
fied any kind of bitumen. It is now restricted
chiefly to the Bitu'men of Jud^e'a, B. Jnda'-
icnm, A. sol'idnm, Jews' Pitch, Karrihe of Sodom,
(F.) Asphalte, JJitnme de Judee, Poix winh-ah
scorincee, Biinme de momie ou des fiinernllles. It
is solid, friable, vitreous, black, shining, inflam-
mable, a-nd of a fetid smell. An oil is obtained
from it by distillation. It enters into the compo-
sition of certain ointments and plasters.
It is collected on the surface of the water of
the Dead Sea or Lake Asphaltites, in Judeea.
ASPIIARINE, Galium aparine.
ASPHOD'ELUS, kacpoitkoq, A. Rnmo'sus seu
AlbussQW 3hiris, Has' tula Regis, (F.) Lis aspho-
dele. The bulbs of this southern European
plant have an acrimony which they lose in boil-
ing water. They contain a fccula with which
bread has been made, and have been considered
diuretic. They have been used as a succeduueuin
for the squill.
ASPHYCTOS, Pulseless.
ASPHYX'IA, from a, priv., and er^ufif, 'pulse,'
Defer'tus Puhfis, Acrotis'mns, Sidera'tio, Sydern'-
tio, (F.) Anhhnafosie. For a long time, Asphy-
xia was confined to the sense of ' suspension of
circulation or syncope;' Pulselessness. It now
ASniYXIAL
101
ASSIDENTIA SIGNA
generally monns mtspetidcd ammatlnn, produced
b)' the nonconversion of the venous blood of the
lung's into arterial, — Apnw'a, Apneus'tla, Apiiae-
anjihi/.i'in, AnlicBiiinto'iiia, Ec'li/m'u piwumo-cardi'-
(ir<i, Aii'ixt'iiiie, Ifj/poxemie, — Piorry. Owing to
the supply of air being cut off, the unchan^ged
venous blood of the pulmonary artery passes into
the minute radicles of the pulmonary veins, but
their peculiar excitability requiring arterial blood
to excite them, stagnation takes places in the pul-
monary radicles, and death occurs chiefly from
this cause, —not owing to venous blood being
distributed through the system, and 'poisoning'
it. as was the idea of Bichat. Carus anphi/x'ia,
Jfiirs (ipp'i'rens, Mom piitnti'rn, Pseudothan'alos,
Apj,.i,<nit deiilh, (F.) Jfort appri rente, is charac-
terized by suspension of respiration, of the cere-
l)ral functions, &c. Several varieties of Asphyxia
have been designated.
1. Asi'iivx'iA OF THf; Nrw-Bou^j, yl. neonato'-
riiiii. Tiiis is often dep.cn(lent upon the feeble
condition of the infant, not permitting respiration
to be established.
2. AsiMiYx'iA BY Noxious Tniiala'tion, or in-
halation of gases, some of which cause death by
producing a spasmodic closure of the glottis ;
others by the want of oxygen; and others are
positively deleterious or poisonous.
3. AspiiYx'iA BY Stkancula'tion, or .S'd/'oca'-
tioii ; produced by mechanical impediment to
respiration, as in hanging.
4. AsiMivx'lA liY Submer'siov, a. hy drown-
iiii), A. IiniHtrso' rum, Aiif/iulrhi/drie (Piorry), as
occurs in the drowned, who perish in consequence
of the medium in which they are plunged, being
unfit for respiration. See Submersion.
Mr. Chevalier has used the term AspJii/.r'ia
Idiopnth'icft, for fatal syncope owing to relaxa-
tion of the heart. See Suffocation.
AsiMiYx'iA I.MSfEUsoRUM, A', by submersion —
a. Local : — see Grangrene — a. Neonatorum, A. of
the new-born — a. Pestilenta: — see Cholera — a.
Pestilential : — see Cholera.
ASPIIYX'IAL, Asphijx'ic Relating to as-
phyxia— as ' nxphy.rial phenomena.'
ASI'HYXIE 'UES PARTIES, Gangrene—
a. Leiite des uouveaii-nes, Induration of the cel-
lular tissue.
A S P H Y X'l E D, Axpht/j-'iiited, Asphyxia' tus,
same etymon. In a state of as|)hyxia.
ASP/0, Aspis, Lavandula spica.
ASPIDISCOS, Sphincter ani externus.
A S P I D ' I U .M A T II A M A N'T I C U M, from
anrni^ioy, 'a small shield,' diminutive of atrTif, 'a
shield.' A South African fern, Ord. Filices,
which is possessed of anthelmintic properties.
Its caudex, in the form of powder, infusion, or
electuary, has been found excellent in helmin-
thiasis, and es]>ecially in tajicworm.
Asi'inii'sr Coiuacku.m, Calagualao radix — a.
Depastum, Polypodium fllix luas — a. Discolor, see
Calaguahc radix— a. Erosurn, Polypodium filix
mas — a. Filix fccmina, Asplenium lilix foemina —
a. Ferrugineum, see Calagualaj radix — a. Filix
mas, Pdlvpodium fil's mas.
ASPri'lATIO. Inspiration.
A.">PIK A'TION, Adspira'ti'n, Aspirn'tio, from
a«j)irnre (<id and Kpirare), ' to breathe.' The
French sometimes use the term synonymously
with inspiration. It also means the actof attract-
ing or sucking like a pump. Imbibition. Also,
the pronunciation of a vowel with a full breath.
ASPIS, offTTif. A name given by the ancients
to a venomous serpent — the ^Eijyjdian viper of
Lacf'pcide, (F.) yixpic. Its bite is very dangerous,
and it is supjiosed to have been the reptile which
Cleopatra used for her destruction.
ASPLE'NIU.M, Asple'num, from a. priv., and
aTj\r)v, ' the spleen.' Sjilccnwort, Jlilticuate,
Asplenium Aureum, A. ceterach.
AsPLE'.Niini Cet'erach, A. ati'reum seu lati-
fo'lium, Gymnof/ram'me ceterach, JJoradil'la,
Blechntim gquamu'siim, Seolopen'dria, Athi/r'inn,
Cet'erach officiua' rum seu Cuiiarien'sis, Grammi'-
tis cet'erach seu au'rea, Gxjmiiop'teris ccteroch, Vit-
ta'ria ceterach, (F.) Buraditle. Ord. Filices.
Supposed to be subastringent and mucilaginous,
and has been recommended as a pectoral. It has
also been given in calculous cases.
Asple'nium Filix FfE'jii.vA, Pofypo'dimn fih'x
fucmina seu nioUe seu dcnta'tum seu inci'iuin seu
trif'idnin, Aapidium filix fnemina, Athijr'ium filix
foemina seu wolle seu ova' turn seu trif'id\un, Pte-
ris palus'tris. Female fern, Spleenwort, (F.) i^oii-
gere femelle. The root of this plant resembles
that of the male fern, and is said to possess simi-
lar anthelmintic virtues. The name female fern
is also given to Pteria aqniliua.
Asplenium Latipolium, A. ceterach — a. Mu-
rale, A. ruta — a. Obtusum, A. ruta muraria.
Asple'nium Ruta Mura'ria, A. muru'le seu
ohtu'sum, Paronych'ia, Phylli'tia ruta niurn'ria,
Scolopen'drium ruta mura'ria. Wall rue. White
Dlaidenhair, Tentwort, Adian'tum album, liuta
mura'ria, Sul'via VitcB, (F.) Hue des nniraillcs,
Sauve-vie. Used in the same cases as the last.
Asple'nium Scolopen'drium, Scolopeudrium
officina'rum seu lingua seu phylli'tia seu vulya'-
re, Scolopen'dra, Sco/opeu'dria, Hurt'a 'J'onr/ne,
Spleenwort, Phylli'tia, Lingua cervi'nn, lihchnuin
lignifo'lium, (F.) Scolopendre, Lamjue de cerf.
Properties like the last.
Asple'nium Tkichomanoi'des, A. Trichom'-
ancH, Phylli'tia rotundifo'liu, Calypliyl'luin, Tri-
chom'aues, T. crena'ta, Adian'tum riibrum, Com-
mon 3[aideuhair, Polyt' richum commu'ne, (F.)
Poll/trie. Properties like the last.
ASPLENUM, Asplenium.
ASPREDO, Trachoma — a. Miliacca, ililiary
fever.
ASPRliLE, Hippuris vulgaris.
ASPRITUDO, Trachoma.
ASS.VBA. A Guinea shrub, whose leaves are
considered capable of dispersing buboes.
ASSACOU, Hura Brasiliensis.
ASS A DOUX, Benjamin — a. Dulcis, Benjamin
— a. Odornta, Benjamin.
ASS A FETID A, Asafoctida.
ASSAFtETIDA, Asafoetida.
ASSAIERET. A compound of bitter, stoma-
chic, and purgative medicines in the form of pill,
— Avicenna.
ASSAINISSEMENT (F.), from ad. 'to,'
and sanare, 'to make healthy.' The act of ren-
dering healthy, as by the draining of marshes,
the disinfection of the air, Ac.
ASSAISONNEM ENT, Condiment.
ASSAKUR, Saccharum.
ASS.VLA, see Myristica moschata.
ASSAKTHROSiS. Articulation.
ASSA'TIO, Opte'sia. The boiling of food or
medicines in their own juice, without the addi-
tion of any liquid. Various kinds of cooking by
heat. — Galen.
ASS ELLA, Axilla.
AS'SERAC, Aaaia. A preparation of opium,
or of some narcotic, used by the Turks as aa
excitant.
ASSERCULUM, Splint.
ASSEH VA r/OX, Conservation. ,
ASSES' MILK, see Milk, asses'. ■»
Asses' Milk, Artificial, see Milk, asses'.
AS'SIDEXS, from ad, 'to,' and sedere, 'to be
seated.' That which accompanies or is concomi-
tant. An epithet applied to the accessory symp-
toms, Aaaiden'tia aiyna, and general phenomena
of disease.
ASSIDENTIA SIGNA, see Assidens.
ASSIMILABLE
102
ASTHMA
ASSIM'ILAULE, A>'s!mih,h'il!s. Same ety-
mon as Assimilation. That wbiuh is susceptible
of assimilation.
ASSIM'ILATIXG, Ass!m'il>dory, Assiinilato'-
riiiii,{V.) Ansiiiiildleur. Same etymon as the next.
That wh.ch effects assimilation, as an useimikitittg
or Usui III ilnlory organ.
ASSIMILA'TION, AssiniHa'tio, Si)uih't!o,Ap-
prupiio'tio, EjTDinciiu'niii, Hoinoio'siis, Threpms,
Thiep'tiie ; from UDniiinlnre, {ad and m'liiilare,)
* to render similar.' The act by which living
Ijodios ajipropriate and transform into their own
substance matters ivitli which they may be placed
in contact. The reverse action — that of separa-
ting and eliminating matters already assimilated,
in the act of nutrition — is termed, by the French,
Des(tsniniil(itii>ii.
ASSLS, Asserae.
AS'SIUS LAPIS, A'sins Lnpfs. A sort of
stone or earth, found near the town of Assa in
the Troad, which had the property of destroying
proud fle.--h.
ASSOCIATE!) MO VEMENTS,see Instinctive.
.ASSODES, Asodes.
ASSO CPIS.SA.yr, somniferous.
A SSO UPISSEMENT, Somn olency.
ASSOUKON, see iMyrtus Pimenta.
ASSUETUDO, Habit.
ASSULA, Splint.
ASSULTUS, Attack.
ASSUMPTIO. Prehension.
ASTACI FLUVIATILIS CONCREMENTA,
Cancrorum chelre.
ASTACUS FLUVIATILIS, Crab.
ASTAKILLOS, Araneum ulcus.
ASTAllZOF. An ointment, composed of li-
tharge, frog's spawn, Ac. Also, camphor, dis-
solved in rose water. — Paracelsus.
ASTASIA, Dysphoria.
ASTER ATTICUS. Bubonium.
AsTKlt COHDIFOI.IUS, J/citri-leaved Alter, A.
Punic'eus, lioiiyh-gtcmnied Aster, and other
indigenous species, Order Compositaj, possess
aromatic properties.
AsTHK Dysexteiuctis, Inula dysenterica — a.
Heart-leaved, A. cordifulius — a. Helenium, Inula
Ilelenium — a. Inguinalis, Eryngium campestre —
— a. Officinalis, Inula Ilelenium — a. Rough-
stemmed, A. Puniccus — a. Tortifolius, Sericocar-
pus tortifolius — a. Undulatus, Inula dysenterica.
ASTE'RIA GEMMA, Asle'vhis, Axtroi'tes, As'-
trios, Asirol/utiis. The ancients attributed ima-
ginary virtues to this stone, — that of dispersing
NcBvi Mntenii, for examjile.
ASTEHIAS LUTEA, Gentiana lutea.
ASTER'XIA, from a, privative, and arcpvov,
'the sternum.' A monstrosity, in which there is
absence of the sternum.
ASTEROCEPIIALUS SUCCISA, Scabiosa
suecisa.
ASTHENES. Infirm.
ASTHENI'A, Vis immimi'ta, from a, priv.,
and a^ivos, 'fiirce,' 'strength.' Want of strength,
debility. (F.) Affaibtissement. Infirmity. A
word used in thi> sense by Galen, and employed,
especially by Brown, to designate debility of the
whole economy, or diminution of the vital forces.
lie distinguished it into direct and indirect: the
former proceeding from diminution of stimuli ;
the latter from exhaustion of incitability by the
abuse of stimuli.
Asthenia Degi.tttitioxis, Pharyngoplegia — a.
Pectoralis. Angina Pectoris.
ASTHEX'IC, Astlien'iciis, (F.) Asthetitque.
Same etymon as the last. Relating or belonging
to asthenia.
ASTIIEXICOPYRA, Fever, adynamic.
ASTilENICOPYRETUS, Fever, adynamic.
ASTHEXIQCE, Asihcmc. _
ASTllENO'l'lA, Dcbil'itns seu Ihletii do ru
«(}«, (F.) AffaiUissciiieiit de lit Viw, from a, l)nv.,
cdnos, ' strength,' and w<p, ' the eye.' Weakness
of sight : Wciih-sitjhtediiess.
ASTliENOl'YRA, Fever, adynamic. Typhus.
ASTUENOPYRETUS, Fever, adynamic.
ASTHMA, from aadna, 'laborii)Us breathing;'
from ao), 'I respire.' A. sp((s'ticiiin (ididlo'riiiii
seu bronchia' le seu seuio'rum seu coiividsi'nnii .-cu
spns'ticiim intermit'teus, Spas'iiim broiichia'lis,
Dyspnw'a et orthopiiw'a cuinudsi'va, Malniii Cu-
du'ciim puliiio'niim, Broken-windediuss, A'enom
asthma, (F.) Asthiiie, A. nen-eiu: Difficulty i.f
breathing, recurring at intervals, accompanied
with a wheezing sound and sense of eonstrictiuu
in the chest; cough and e.xpectoration.
Asthma is a chronic disease, and not curable with
facility. E.xcitant and narcotic antispasmodics
are required.
There are no pathognomonic physical signs of
asthma. In some cases, the respiration is uni-
versally puerile during the attack. In the spas-
modic form, the respiratory murmur is very feel.le
or absent during the lit; and,in all forms percus-
sion elicits a clear pulmonary sound. The disease
generally consists in some source of irritation, and
occasionally, perhaps, in paralysis of the pntu-
mogastric nerves, lironchopuruVysis, Purut'ijuis
nervi vuyi in paite thorac"iva, more frequently
of the former — all the phenomena indicating
constriction of the smaller bronchial ramilica-
tious. The treatment is one that relieves spasmo-
dic action — narcotics, counter-irritants, change
of air, <fec.
Asthma Acu'tum, of Millar, A. spas'ticnm in-
fan'tuni, Ci/nan'che Truchca'lis spiasinod'ica, (¥.)
Asthine oiiju. Probably, spasmodic croup [?].
See Asthma Thymicum.
Asthma Aeuium, Pneumothorax — a. Aerium
ab Emphysemate Pulmonum, Emphysema of the
Lungs — a. Arthriticum, Angina Pectoris — a.
Bronchiale, Asthma.
Asthma, Cau'diac, (F.) Dyspnee ou Asthme
Cardiaque, Dyspnoea dependent upon disease uf
the heart.
Asthma Convulsivum, Angina pectoris — a.
Diaphragmaticum, Angina Pectoris — a. Dolo-
rificum, Angina pectoris — a. Emphysematicum,
Pneumothorax.
Asthma, Grinders', Grinders' Rot. The ag-
gregate of functional phenomena, induced by the
inhalation of particles thrown off during the ope-
ration of grinding metallic instruments, &c. The
structural changes induced are enlargement of
the bronchial tubes, expansion of the pulmonary
tissue, and phthisis.
Asthma Gypseum, A. pulverulentum — a. liny,
Fever, hay.
Asthma Hu'midum, Humid, Common, or Spit-
ting asthma, is when the disease is accompanied
with expectoration. It is also called A. hiimu-
ra'le, A. JIatit/en'tttm, A. pneumon' icum, Blennu-
tho'rax chron'icns, &c.
Asthma Infantum, Cynanebe trachealis — a.
Infantum Spasraodicum, A. Thymicum — a. Kop-
plan, A. Thymicum — a. Laryngeum Infantum,
A. Thymicum — a. Montanum, A. pulverulentum
— a. Nervous, Asthma — a. Nocturnum, Incubus.
Asthma Pulvehulen'tum, A. yyp'seum, A.
monta'iium. The variety of asthma to which
millers, bakers, grinders, and others are suliject.
Asthma Sicci;m, so called when the paroxysm
is sudden, violent, and of short duration ; cougb
slight, and expectoration scanty ; spasmodic con-
striction.
Asthma Spastico-Arthriticum Inconstass,
Angina pectoris — a. Spasticuin Infantum, A.
Thymicum.
ASTHMATIC
103
ATAVISM
Asthma Tiiy'micum, A. T. Knp'pU, Asthmn
sp(i»'ticiun infiin'tum seu in/an' turn npasmo'diciim
seu l((ri/iuje'um.i)i/ttii'tuin seu intermit'tensinfmi'-
tiini sell '/entien'tium seu period' icum ai:u'tum,
'J lii/iiKiatlt'nifi, Ci/nan'che tracliea'lis Kpanmod' icn,
^/xiKiiitm (fhit'tidiH, Kuppian Asthmn, Thymic
Axlhmri, Litryii(/!n'inun utrid' iilnn, Lnryni/o-Hjxis-
viitH, Aj)ii<i''ti iiifdu'tum, Sj)fi8ni of the hirijii.r or
ijidtllx, Croiip-like inipi ration of iiifciuta, Chl/d-
crowitit/, iS/xiHiiiodic croup, Pseudo-croup, S'pn'ri-
oim or Cer'ebral croup, I'hreuo-t/lot'timu, Snf'fo-
ciiliur/ iiervouH cdtnrrh, (P.) Luryntjite atri<lulcuse,
I'\iu.>: Croup, f'seudo-croup iierveux, Spaiuie de la
(j/otle cl dn Thorax. A disense of infants, cha-
riiftcri/.od by suspension of respiration at inter-
vals ; great (lifliculfy of broatliinir, especially on
waliing, swallowing, or crying: ending often in
a fit of sutfocntion, with convulsions. The patho-
logy of the disease has been supposed to consist
in an enlargement of the thymus gland, or of
the glands of the neck pressing on the pneumo-
gastric nerves [?]. The ear, by auscultation, at
a distance from the chest, detects an incomplete,
acute, hissing inspiration, or rather cry: whilst
the expiration and voice arc croupal, both at the
accession and termination of the paroxysm. The
heart's action has been observed to be distinct
and feeble.
These symptoms are often accompanied by
rigidity of the fingers and toes ; the thumb being
frequently drawn forcibly into the palm of the
clenclu'd hand, whence the name VarjM-j^edul
S2>'i«iu, ajiplied, at times, to the disease.
Asthma Tyi'icum. Asthma characterized by
periodicity.
Asthma Uteri, Hysteria — a. Weed, Lobelia
infl.ita.
AS'I'IIMAT'IC, Anthmat'ieuit, Puoncolyt'icuH,
(F.) Anthiuntique. Affected with asthma. Rela-
ting to a'itiima.
ASTIIME AIGU, Asthma acutum— a. Cardi-
aqut'. Asthma, cardiac — a. Nerreux, Asthma.
ASTKJ'MATISM, Astigmatism' us, from a, pri-
vative, and anyita, oriy/jaro;, 'ajioint.' A state
of irregular refraction in the eye, in which the
rays are not brought to one focus, but converge
at dificront distances, so as to form two linear
images at right angles to each other.
AS'TO.MUS, from a, privative, and oro^wa, 'a
mouth.' (F.) Astome. One without a mouth.
Pliny speaks of a people in India without mouths,
who live iinhflatu et odore !
ASTIIAGALE COL V, Collum astragali.
ASTRAGALOIDES SYPHILITICA, Astra-
galus exscapus.
A8TRA(j'ALUS, Tidus, the Anlde, Qua'trio,
Quar'tio, Quater'iiio, Diab'ebos, Pezn, Cavic'nla,
Cavil' la, Tetro'ros, As'trion, Os Ballist'ai seu
Tes'sercB, from aorpayuAoj, 'a die,' which it has
been considered to resemble [?]. A short bone,
situate at the superior and middle part of the
tarsus, where it is articulated with the tibia. It
is the ankle bone, sliuij bone, or first hone of the
foot. The anterior surface is convex, and has a
well-marked prominence, supported by a kind of
neck, and hence has been called the head of the
astraijnlus. The astragalus is developed by two
points of ossification.
Also, the ntla-s or first vertebra of the tieck.
Astrao'ai.us Ex'scai'us, Asiragaloi'dea sy-
philit'ica, Stemless Milk-vetch, (F.) Astrarjale a
gausses vi'lus. Ord. Leguminosae. Sex. Si/st. Dia-
delphia Docandria. The root is said to have
cure<i confirmed syphilis.
AsTitAo'Ai.us TiiACACAXTnus. see Tragacanth.
Astuag'ai.US VkuiiS, Spina hirci, Astraj/'alua
acuh-a'lus. Goat's thorn, Milk-vetch. The plant
which atTords Gum Tra<j'acanth. See Traga-
caotha.
ASTRANTIA, Imperatoria — a. Diapensia, Sa-
nicula.
AS'TRAPE, Coruscn'tio, Fuhjar, Fulmev,
Lightning. Galen reckons it amongst the re-
mote causes of epilepsy.
ASTRIC'TION, Astric'tio, Stypsis, Adstric'tio,
Conatric'tio, from astriui/ere, (ad and atrinycre,)
' to constringe.' Action of an astringent sub-
stance on the animal economy.
ASTRICTORIA, Astringents.
ASTRINGENT ROOT, Comptonia aspleni-
folia.
ASTRIN'GENTS, Aatringen'tin, Adatricto'rin,
Adstringen'tia, Stryphna, Cataetal'tica, Cunstrin-
gen'tia, Contrahen'tia, Stegnu'tica, Syncrit'iai ,
Astricto'ria. Same etymon. Medicines which
have the property of constringing the organic
textures. External astringents are called Styp-
tics.
The following are the chief astringents: Aci-
dum Sulphuricum, A. Tannieum, Alumen, Ar-
genti Nitras, Catechu, Creasoton, Cupri Sulpha.-,
Tinct. Ferri Chloridi, Liquor Ferri Kitratis,
Ferri Sulphas. Galla?, Ihcmatoxylon, Kino, Kra-
nieria, Liquor Calcis, Plumbi Acetas, Quercus
Alba, Quercus Tinctoria, Zinci Sulphas.
ASTRION, Astragalus.
ASTRIOS, Asteria gemma.
AS'TROBLES, from acTfiov, 'astar,' and/^n^Ati),
'I strike.' One struck by the stars, (sidcra'tus.)
One who is in a state of sideration — in an apo-
plectic state. — Gorra>us.
ARTRGliLESIA, Astrobolismus.
ASTROIiOLIA, Astrobolismus.
ASTROr.OLLS'MUS, Astrobol'ia, Astroble'sio,
Heli'aais, Helio'ais. Same etymology. Sidera'-
tion, or action of the stars on a person. Apo-
plexy.— Theophrastus, (iorrajus.
ASTROBOLOS, Asteria gemma.
ASTROITIS, Asteria gemma.
ASTROLOGER, see Astronomy.
ASTROL'OGY, Astrolog"ia, from aarpov, 'a
star,' and ^oyoi, 'a discourse.' The art of divi-
ning by inspecting the stars. This was formerly
considered to be a part of medicine; and was
called Judicial Aatroloyy, to distinguish it from
astronomy.
ASTRON'OMY, ^s/raaow'irr, from aarpov, ' n.
star, and vojios, 'a law,' 'rule.' A science which
makes known the heavenly phenomena, and the
laws that govern them. Hippocrates places this
and astrology amongst the necessary studies of
a physician. In the earlier English writers.
Astronomer is often used in the sense of Astro-
loger.
ASYSTOLIE, from a, privative, and cvaToXri,
'systole. A name given by M. Beau to a period,
in diseases of the heart, in which the systole is
incomplete ; or, at least, is insufficient to free the
ventricles from the blood in them.
ASTRUTIIIUM, Imperatoria.
ASTYPHIA, Impotence.
ASTYSIA, Impotence.
ASUAR, Myrobalanus Indica.
ASULCL Lapis lazuli.
ASYNODIA, Impotence.
ATACTOS, Erratic.
ATARACTAPOIE'SIA, Afaractopoe'sin-, from
a, privative, rapaKTo;, 'troubled,' and votetv, 'to
make.' Intrepidity, firmness; aquality of which,
according to Hippocrates, the physician ought to
be possessed in the highest degree.
ATARAX'IA, from a, privative, and rapa^t,;,
'trouble,' 'emotion.' Moral tranquillitj-, peace
of mind.
AT'AVISM, Atavism' us, from atnrus, 'an old
grandsire or ancestor indefinitely.' The c,Tse in
which an anomaly or disease, existing in a family,
ATAXIA
104
ATLAS
is lost in one generation and reappears in tlie
followinfr.
ATAX'IA, from a, privative, and rafit. 'order.'
Disorder, irregularity. Hippocrates employs the
word in its most extensive acceptation. Galen
applies it, especially, to irregularity of pulse:
and Sydenham speaks of Ataxia Sjiiritiinm for
disorder of the nervous system. Ataxia, now,
usually means the state of disorder that charac-
terizes nervous fevers, and the nervous condition.
Ataxia Spirituum, Nervous diathesis. See
Ataxia.
AT AX'IC, Atax'icus ; same etymon. Having
the characters of ataxia.
ATCHAR, A'chia, Achar. A condiment used
in India. Ic is formed of green fruits of various
liinds — garlic, ginger, mustard, and pimento —
pickled in vinegar.
ATECNIA. Sterilitas.
ATELECTASIS, AielcJc'tnsh, from artXvs^^
'imperfect,' 'defective,' and cKTuaig, 'dilatation.'
Imperfect expansion or dilatation ; as in
Atelkc'tasis PuLMo'NUJr, Piieumonatelec'in-
sis, Piioimutclec'tasis. Imjierfect expansion of
the lungs at hirth, giving rise to Cyano'ais piil-
mona'lit. A similar condition is observed in
lungs which have received air, and in a distinctly
lobular form. This is regarded by Dr. W. T.
(iairdner as, in all probability, a secondary le-
sion, and dependent, in the majority of instances,
on a catarrhal condition of the bronchial tubes.
It is called, by him, piihnonavy colhqyxe, or col-
lapse of the lidir/, and has received the name
apneiimnto'sis from Fuchs.
AT'ELES, areXrjs, 'imperfect,' 'defective.'
Hence
ATEL'IA, (F.) Atelie. A monstrosity in which
there is a want of some members.
ATELOCIIEI'LIA, from arcU?, 'imperfect,'
and x"^'>i' '"P-' ^ malformation which consists
in an imperfect development of the lip.
ATELOENCEPHAL'IA, from ariMi, 'imper-
fect,' and cyKiipaXov, 'the encephalon.' State of
imperfect development of the brain. — Andral.
ATELOGLOS'SIA, from artAr,?, 'imperfect,'
and yXuxjaa, 'tongue.' A malformation which
consists in an imperfect development of the
tongue.
ATELOGIS'^A'TIIIA, from art\vi, 'imperfect,'
and ym0of, 'the jaw.' A malformation which
consists in an imperfect development of the jaw.
ATELOMYEL'IA, from areXvs, 'imperfect,'
and fxvtXos, 'marrow.' State of imperfect deve-
lopment of the spinal marrow. — Beclard.
ATELOPllOSO'PIA, from arcXvg, 'imperfect,'
and -poau)'zov, 'the face.' A malformation which
consists in imperfect development of the face.
ATELOPtACniDIA, Hydrorachis.
A T E L 0 S T 0 M ' I A, from areXns, ' imperfect,'
and BTOfxa, 'mouth.' One whose mouth is im-
perfci'tly developed.
ATER SUCCUS, Atrabilis.
ATIIAMAN'TA, from Athamas, a place in
Thessaly. A genus of plants.
Atiiamanta Annua, A. Cretensis.
Athaman'ta Aureoseli'num, Oreoseli'num,
0. legit' imum sen nir/ntm, Sdi'mim oreoneli'mim,
Peiiced'diuim oreoscii'niim, Apiiim monta'num,
Black 3foitntain Pnrslei/, (F.) Pertil de 3fon-
tagne ; Old. Umbelliferie. The plant, seed, and
roots, are aromatic. It has been considered
attenuant, aperient, deobstruent, and lithontriptic.
The distilled oil has been used in toothache.
Atha^ian'ta Creten'sis seu Cue'tica, A. an'-
nua, Libitiio'tis annua seu Creten'nia seu hirm'ta,
Daucus Creticua seu Candia'niin, Mijrrhis an'nua,
Candj Carrot. The seeds of this plant are acrid
and aromatic. They have been used as carmina-
tives and diuretics.
Athamaxta Macepoxica, Bubon Maccdom-
cum — a. Mcum, iEthusa meum.
ATHANASIA, Tanacetum.
Athana'sia, from a, privative, and S-avaroi,
'death.' An antidote for diseases of the liver,
jaundice, gravel, &c. It consisted of saffron,
cinnamon, lavender, cassia, myrrh, juncus odo-
ratus, honey, &c., and was esteemed to be sudo-
rific.
ATHARA, Athera.
ATUELAS'AIUS, from a, privative, and 6r,\r,,
'a breast or nipple.' Impracticability of giving
suck; from want of nipple or otherwise.
ATHELXIS, Sucking.
ATHE'NA. Name of a plaster, recommended
by Asclepiades, and composed of oxide of copper,
sublimed oxide of zinc, sal ammoniac, verdigris,
gall nuts, and a variety of resinous and other in-
gredients.—Oribasius, Aetius, and P. vEgineta.
ATHENIO'NIS CATAPO'TIUM. A pill,
composed of myrrh, pepper, castor, and opium;
used to allay coughing. — Celsus.
ATHE'RA, Aiha'ra, from aOvp, 'an ear of
corn.' A kind of pap for children ; also, a kind
of liniment. — Dioscorides, Pliny.
ATTIERAPEUTUS, Incurable.
ATHERO'MA, from a^tjpa, 'pap or pulp,' Em-
phy'ma cncys'tix atlu-ro'ina, lUollim'cnm, Pnlla'tio.
A tumour formed by a cyst containing mattei
like pap or Boiiillie, or plaster.
ATIIEROM'ATOUS, Athcromalo'des. Having
the nature of Atheroma.
ATHLE'TA, from aSAoj, 'combat.' Athlete,
(F.) Athlete. Athleta) were men who exercised
themselves in combat at the public festivals.—
Vitruvius.
ATHLET'IC, Athlet'icus, (F.) Athletique ; con-
cerning AthletcB. Strong in muscular powers.—
Foesius.
ATHOL PORRIDGE, see Mahogany.
. ATIIORACOCEPHALUS, Acephalogaster.
ATHRIX, At'richns, Calvns, (F.) Chauve ;
from a, privative, and Opif, Tpi;n;os, 'hair.' Bald,
(Sc.) Beld, Bellit. One who has lost his hair.
Athrix Depilis, Alopecia.
ATHYM'IA, An'imi defec'tiis et anxi'etas SOU
demis'sio, Trintit"ia, McBror, Bi/pe, from a, priv.,
and 5D/ios, 'heart,' 'courage.' Despondency. The
prostration of spirits often observable in the sick.
— Hippocrates. Melancholy. — Swediaur. See
Panophobia.
Athvmia Pleonectica, see Pleonectica.
ATIIYRION, Asplenium ceterach.
ATHYRIUM FILIX FffiMINA, Asplenium
filix fwmina — a. Filix mas, Polypodium iilix mas
— a. Molle, Asplenium filix foeinina — a. Ovatuin,
Asplenium fili.x foemina — a. Trifidum, Asplenium
filix foemina.
ATLANTAD, see Atlantal.
ATLAN'TAL; same etymon as Atlas. Rela-
ting or appertaining to the atlas.
Atlantal Aspect. An asjiect towards the
region where the atlas is situated. — Barclay.
Atlantnd is used by the same writer to signify
'towards the atlantal aspect.'
Atlantal Extremities. The upper limbs.
ATLANTION, Atlas.
ATLAS, Atlau'tion, Astrag'ahis, from arXau,
'I sustain.' The first cervical ver'lebra; so
called from its supporting the whole weight of
the head, as Atlas is said to have supported the
globe on his shoulders. Chaussier calls it At-
lo'ide. This vertebra in no respect resembles the
others. It is a kind of irregular ring, into which,
anteriorly, the processus dentatus of the second
vertebra is received. Posteriorly, it gives pas-
sage to the medulla spinalis.
ATLODIDYMUS
105
ATRIPLEX FCETIDA
ATLODID'YMUS, Allod'ymui,, (F.) Atlodyme;
from AlliiH, 'the first bone of the neck,' and
bifivixoi, 'a twin.' A monster which is simple
below nriil double above. M. Isid. Geoffrey
Saint-Ilihiiro applies this term to a monster,
which has a sinpfle body, with two distinct heads
sui)portc'(l on one neck.
ATLOTDE, Atlas.
A T I. 0 r D ' 0 - AXOID, (F.) Alloulo-axouUen.
Rol.itiiii,' to both the Atlas and the Axis or Ver-
tebra Dcntata.
ATLoino-AxoiD Articulation. The articula-
tion belwcen the first two cervical vertebraa.
Atloido-axoid Lig'amuxts. These are two
in number; one anterior and another 2""^terior,
passinr^ between the two vcrtebno.
ATLOID'O-OCCIF'ITAL. Relating to the
atlas and occiput. The Atloido-occip'itfil Arti-
culn't'ion is funned by the condyles of the occi-
pital bone and the superior articular surfaces of
the Atlns. The At/oiflo-occipital muscle is the
Rectus cnpitis posticus minor.
ATLOtDO-SOUS-MASTOlDTEN; Obliqnus
.superior oculi — a. Soiis-occipitale, Rectus capitis
lateriilis.
ATMIATRI'A, Atmidiat'rlce, from avfio^, 'va-
pour,' and larfiua, 'treatment.' Treatment of
disense* by fumitjation.
ATMI t)rATR[Cl<], Atmiatria.
ATM LSTEIUO^^, Vaporarium.
ATMOS, lireatli.
AT'MOSIMIERE, Atmnisphm'ra, from «r;-o?,
'vapour,' and aifiaiiia, 'a sphere;' — as it were,
Spltvrc of vapours. The atmosphere is a sphe-
rical mass of air, surrounding the earth in every
part; the height of which is estimated at 15 or
IG leagues. It presses on the surface of the
earth, and this pressure has, necessarily, sensible
effects on organized bodies. The surface of the
human body being reckoned at 15 square feet, it
is computed that a pressure of .33,000 pounds or
more exists under ordinary circumstances ; and
this pressure cannot be increased or diminished
materially, without modifying the circulation and
all the functions.
ATMOSPHERrZATION, Ilicmatosis.
ATOCIA, Sterilitas.
ATOL'INIIA, from a, priv., and To\na, 'confi-
dence.' Want of confidence; discouragement.
A state of mind unfavorable to health, and in-
jurious in disease. It is the antithesis of Eu-
tul'min.
ATOMY, Skeleton.
ATONIA, Atony — a. Ventriculi, Gasterasthe-
nia.
AT'ONIC, Aton'icm, (F.) Atnniqne. "Wanting
tone. Same etymon as the ne.xt. Also, a medi-
cine capal)le of alliiying organic excitement or
irritation. — Schwilgue.
AT'OXY, Atoii'ia, Tttfir'mitas et Remin'nio vV-
rutm, Lriiiijiior, Ln.r'itns, from a, priv., and tovu;,
'tone,' 'force.' Want of tone. Weakness of
every organ, and particularly of those that arc
conh-actile. Violent gastritis has been descril)ed
by Scril>onius Largus under a similar name,
Atovov, At'oiioii.
ATRAIJIL'IARY, AtmhiViovn, AtrnhUln'rh,
Atrcifii/io'Hiit, (F.) Atrahi/aire, Alrnhileux, from
titer, 'black.' and hilin. 'bile.' An epithet given
by the ancients to the melancholic and hypo-
chondriac, because they believed the Atrabilis
to predominate in such.
Atkabiliauv Capsiii-es, Artkriks and Vkins.
The renal capsules, arteries and vf>ins : the for-
mation of Atrabilis having been attributed to
them.
ATRAHI'LIS, same etymon. Ater succvr,
Black Bile or mdanchuly, (F.) Alrabilc. Ac-
cording to the ancients, a thick, black, acrid
humour, secreted, in the opinion of some, by the
pancreas; in that of others, by the supra-renal
capsules. Hippocrates, Galen, Aetius, and others,
ascrilie great influence to the Atrabilis in the
production of hypochondriasis, melancholy, and
mania. There is really no such humour. It
was an imaginary creation. — Arctaius, Rufus of
Ephesus, &c.
ATRACIIE'LOCEPR'ALUS, from a, priv.,
rpaT^^rjXos, 'neck,' and Kt.^aXv, 'head.' A monster
whose neck is partially or wholly deficient.
ATRACHE'LUS. Same etymon. One who is
very short-necked. — Galen.
ATRAC'TYLIS GUMMIF'ERA, Car'dnm
pi'nenn, Ixi'iie, Gii mm y -rooted Atructylis, Pine
Tlii&tle. Ord. Composita;. The root, when
wounded, yields a milky, viscid juice, which
concretes into tenacious masses, and is said to
be chewed with the same views as mastich.
AT RAG EXE. Clematis vitalba.
ATRA.MEN'TUM, A. Siito'rium, Ink, Chalcan'-
thitm, (F.) Encre. It has been advised as an as-
tringent, and as an external application in her-
petic atTections.
Atramkntum SuTORiujr, Ferri sulphas.
ATRE'SIA, (F.) Af/T.'si'e, Adherence, Imperfo-
ration. Same etymon as Atretus. See Monster.
Atre'sia Ani Adna'ta, Anus Iinperfora'tiia,
Imper font' tin ani, Atretncyn' ia, (F.) Iinperfora-
tion de I'antis. Congenital imperforation of the
intestinal canal.
ATRETELYTRIA, Colpatresia.
ATRETI8MUS, Imperforation.
ATRETOCEPH'ALUS, from arpnTOi, 'imper-
forate,' and KKpaXri, 'head.' A monster, in which
some of the natural apertures of the head are
wanting. — Gurlt.
ATliETOCOR'MUS, from arp,roj, 'imperfo-
rate, and Kopfioi, 'trunk.' A monster in which
the natural apertures of the trunk are wanting.^
Gurlt.
ATRETOCYSIA, Atresia ani.
ATRETOMETRIA, Ilvsteratresia.
ATRETOPSIA, Coreclisis.
ATRETOSTOM'IA, from arpnroi, 'imperfo-
rate,' and cTOfia, 'mouth.' Imperforation of the
mouth.
ATRETURE'THRIA, from arpnTos, 'imperfo-
rate,' and ovp>)9i,a, 'urethra.' Imperforation of
the urethra.
ATRE'TUS, from a, priv., and rpao), 'I per-
forate.' Imper/ora'iiis, Ln per' f orate. One whose
anus, or parts of generation, are imperforate
[aproe'tns).
ATRIA, Auricles of the heart — a. Mortis, see
Death.
AT'RICES. Small tumours, which appear oc-
casionally around the anus. Some commentators
consider the word to be synonymous with con-
dylomata.— Forestus.
ATRICHIA, Alopecia — a. Adnata, see Alope-
cia— a. Senilis, see Alopecia.
ATRICHUS, Atbri.x.
AT'RICI. Small sinuses in the vicinity of the
anus, not penetrntin^ the rectum.
ATRIO-VENTRICULAR, Auriculo-ventricu-
lar.
ATRIPLEX FCETIDA, Chenopodium vulvaria.
Atriplex IIokte.n'sis, a. Snti'm, (F.) Ar-
rnche, Jlonne Dome, Follette. Ord. Chenopodia-
cciB. The herb ami seed of this plant have been
exhibited as antiscorbutics.
At'riplex al'Imus, A. Portulnro'i'den, and A.
Pat'ida, are used as pickles, aud have similar
properties.
Atripi.ex Laciniata, a. patula — a. Mexicans,
Chenopodium ambrosoides — a. Odorata, Cheno-
podium botrys — a. Olida, Chenopodium vulvaria.
ATRIUM CORDIS DEXTER 106
ATTRITION
Atrut.kx P.vt'ula, a. lacinin'ta sen Piir-
elini'nit, Sjin-ddiiiij Oiache; indiijenous ; Fcimili/,
ClKMiopoiliacea). The expressed juice is said to
be cathartic. It has been used, in place of gam-
boge, in dropsy and asthma.
Anupi.Kx PuRSHi.VNA, A. patnla.
ATRIUM CORDIS DEXTER, Sinus dexter
cor lis — a. Cordis sinistruui, Sinus pulmonalis —
a. Va2:ina>, Vestibuluni.
AT'ROl'A, from Arpon-os, 'immutable,' 'the
goddess of destiny j' so called from its fatal
effects.
AthOPA BeLLADON'nA, Bellnrfou'llfX, B. hrtc-
dfera seu trichot'umn, Dead/i/ Xii/ht^hade, Ooin-
riioH Dieale, (Sc.) Mekihrort, Sohi'iiiim letha'le
sen horteu'se niijrnm, Suhi'iutm lunni'rtciim seu
/un'o'xiiiii seu mi-litiiocer'anHS, (F.) BvUddone,
Jilorelle fnriense, Ijelle Dtime. Ord. Solanaceae.
Sex. Synt. Tetrnndria Monogynia. The leaves —
Bdlitdontia (Ph. U. S.) — are powerfully narcotic,
and also diaphoretic, and diuretic. They are
occasionally used where narcotics are indicated.
Sprinkling tiie powdered leaves over cancerous
sores has been found to allay the pain ; and the
leaves form a good poultice. Dose, gr. J to gr. j
of the powdered leaves.
Atuopa MANnilAG'oilA, Mandrng'orn, M. ver-
na'lis seu nj/iviint' lis seu acnii'lis, Circoi'tt, Antliro-
pomorph'iin, Malum terren'tre, Mmidrtike. The
boiled root has been used in the form of poultice
to indolent swellings.
ATROPHIA, Atrophy, T.abes — a. Ahlactato-
ruui, Brash, weaning — a. Cerebri, Plirenatrophia
• — a. Cordis, Heart, atrophy of the — a. Glandula-
ris, Tabes mesenterica — a. Hepatis, Hepatatro-
phia — a. Infantum, P.edatrojjhia, Tabes mesen-
terica— a. Iiitestinorum, Enteratrophia. ,
Atuophia Lactan'tiu.m, Tdbes iiutrt'citm seu
lac'leit. The atrophy of nursing women.
Atuophia Liknis, Splenatrophia — a. Mesen-
terica, Tabes mesenterica — a. Testiculi, Orchida-
trojihia — a. Utiguiuni, Onychatrophia.
A TROPH/E, Atropliy — a. Mincnteriqne, Tabes
mesenterica.
ATROPHJE MVSCULATRE PROGRES-
SIVE, Farali/iie innncidaire (iti-opliit/iie, Atnmhie
muscidni re primitive ou idiopathique ou uvec
tranxformntiDii r/rdiHueime. A rare malady, in
which the muscles become so greatly atrophied
that thev cannot perform their functions.
ATROPHIED, see Atrophy.
AT'ROPIIY, Mnrnii'mus Atro'phia, Atro'pTiia
Iffirns'mm, J/arrin'nis, Jfa'cies, Contabenceii'tia,
Tubes, Marco' res, Aiiiilo'sis, from a, privative,
and 7-po0)7, 'nourishment.' (F.) Atrophie, Bes-
eech em ent. Defective nutrition, Hi/]>ot'riipInj. Pro-
gressive and morbid diminution in the bull; of
the whole body or of a part. Atrophy is gene-
rally symptomatic. Any tissue or organ thu3
affected is said to be nt'ropliied.
Atrophy of the Heart, see Heart, atrophy
of the.
ATROPIA, Atropine — a. Sulphate of, Atropise
sulphas.
ATROP'IiE SULPHAS, Sulphate of Atrop'ia
(Ph. L.). Formed by dissolving atropia in dilute
eidphuric acid; evaporating, and crystallizing.
Virtues, the same as those of Atropia.
AT'ROPIXR, Atriipi'iia, Atrop'ia, Atrop'tum,
Atvopi'iiiim, Ilelliidon'in'n, (F.) Atropine. The
active principle of Atropn Relladoiina, separated
by Brandes, by a process similar to that for pro-
curing morphia. A single drop of a solution, of
one grain in f^'^ of distilled water with a
few drops of acetic acid, applied to the inner
surface of the lower eyelid, causes dilatation of
the pupil, in fifteen or twentj' minutes. A grain
to a drachm of lard is an application in neu-
ralgia. 1
ATTACHE. Insertion.
ATTACK, fiisiil'tiis, Assid'tiis, Irrep'tio, /lira'-
sin, Eis'bole, Lcpsia, (Prov.) Take, (F.) Attiu/iie.
A sudden attack, invasion or onset of a disease.
A seizure. One attacked or affected witli severe
disease is often said, in the United States, to be
"taken down," or to be "down" with it.
ATTAGAS, Attagen.
AT'TACJEN, At'tatjas, the Fran'colin. Cele-
brated with tlic ancients both as food and medi-
cine.— Martial, Aristophanes.
ATTANCOURT, MIXEllAL WATERS OF.
A mineral water in France, at Attancourt, in
Champagne; about three leagues nortli of Join-
ville. The water is a chalybeate, and contains
i sulphate of lime. In large doses it i,« purgative
! ATTAQUE, Attack — «. des Kerfs, Nervous
attack.
ATTAR OF ROSES, see Rosa centifolia.
ATTELLE, Splint.
ATTEXOTING, MINERAL WATERS OF.
in Bavaria. The water contains carlionic acid,
carbonates of lime and soda, sulphates of lime
and magnesia, chloride of sodium, iron and alum.
It is much used in skin diseases, fistula, old ul-
cers, calculi, and hcBmorrhoids.
ATTEX'UANTS, Attenuan'lia, Leptini'lica,
(F.) Attenuduts, Lcptontiqucs, from tenuis, 'thin.'
Me<licines which augment the fluidity of the
humours.
ATTEXUA'TION, Attenua'tio ,- same etymon.
Thinness, emaciation. A term used by the ho-
moeopathists, in tlie sense of dilution or division
of remedies into infinitesimal doses.
ATT! RANT, Attrahent.
AT'TITCIDE, Situs Cor'pnris. Low Latin,
cpfitudo ; from Latin aptare. 'to fit.' Situation,
position of the body. The attitudes are the dif-
ferent postures which man is capable of assum-
ing. In General Pathohxpi, the attitude will
often enable the physician to pronounce at once
upon the character of ii disease, or it will aid liira
materially in his judgment. In St. Vitus's dance,
in fractures, luxations, Ac, it is the great index.
It will also indicate the degree of nervous or
cerebral power; hence sinking down in bed is
an evidence of great cerebral debility in fever.
The position of a patient during an operation is
also an interesting subject of attention to the
surgeon.
ATTOL'LENS AIIREM, A. Auric' uIcp. Lcra'.
tor Aiiris, Siipe'rior Anris, Attol'lens Anric'idam,
Auricula'ris snpe'rior, (F.) Auriculaire snperieiir,
Temporo-auriculaire. A muscle of the ear, which
arises, thin, broad, and tendinous, from the
tendon of the occipito-frontalis, and is inserted
into the upper jiart of the ear, opposite to the
anti-helix. It raises the ear.
Attollexs Oculi, Rectus superior oculi— a,
Oculum, Rectus superior oculi.
A TTOUCflEMENT, Masturbation.
ATTRACTION OF AGGREGATION, Cohe-
sion, force of.
ATTRACTIVUM, see Magnet.
ATTRACTIVUS, Attrahent.
ATTRACTORIUS. Attrahent.
ATTRAHEXS AURICULAM, Anterior auris.
AT'TRAHENT, At'trahens, Attracii' cus, Al-
traeto'rius, from ad, 'to,' and traho, 'I draw.'
(P.) Attractif, Attirant. Remedies are so called,
which attract fluids to the parts to which they
are applied, as blisters, rubefacients, Ac.
ATTRAHE-LOURDAUT (F.). A bistoury
invented by a French surgeon, called Biennaise,
and used in the operation for hernia. See Bis-
touri cachd.
ATTRITA, Chafing.
ATTRITIO. Attrition, Chafing.
ATTRIT"ION, Aitri"tio, Ecthlim'ma, from
ATTRITUS
lo:
AURANTIUM
ad, and tercre, ' to bruise.' Friction or bruising. ]
Clialiu}^. — (Jalen. Also, a kind of cardialgia. —
Seniiortus. Likewise, a violent contusion.
ATTKITU8, Cliafing.
ATYP'IC, Alyit'icuH, At'ypo8, (F.) Afypiqne,
from a, privative, and rviroi, 'lyi)C.' Tlial which 1
has no type. Irre-^ular. Chiefly api)lied to an
irrefjular intermittent, — Fchris atyp'tca.
ATYl'O.s, Erratic.
AUAX.Sl.S, Drying.
AUAN'TE, Aitdji'se, from avavan, 'desicca-
tion.' Hippocrates gave this name to a disease,
the principal symptom of which was emaciation.
Atroi)hy.
AUHE-VIGNE, Clematis vitalba.
AU UK I' INK, Mespilus oxvacantha.
AUIiintaiNE, Solannm Melongena.
AUIilFOIN, Centaurea cyanus, Cyanus sege-
tum.
AUCHEN. Collnm.
AUCHKXOKRIIEUMA. Torticollis.
AUCIIE'TICUS, from avxriv, 'the neck.' One
affected with stiff neck or torticollis.
AUCTUMNUS, Autumn.
AUDE, Voice.
AliDINAC, MINERAL WATERS OF. Au-
dinac is situate in the department of Arriege,
France. The water contains a small quantity
of sulphohydric acid, carbonic acid, sulphates of
lime and magnesia, carbonates of lime and iron,
and a bituminous substance. Temp. 67° Fahr.
It is much used in chronic rheumatism, herpes,
scrofulous diseases, &c.
AUDITIF, Auditory.
AU1)1T"I0N, from andire, auditum. ' tohenr ;'
Audit" io, Aiidi'tKK, A'coe, Acne'nis, Aca'sis, (F.)
Ouie, Hearing. The act of hearing. The sen-
sation arising from an impression made on the
auditory nerves by the vibrations of the air, pro-
duced by a sonorous body. The physiology of
Audition is obscure. It proba.l)ly takes place : —
1. By the vihrations being communicated from
the membrana tympani along the chain of small
bones to the membrane of the foramen ovale.
2. By means of the air in the cavity of the tym-
panum, the meml)rane of the foramen rotundum
is agitated. .3. The transmission may be made
by means of the bony.yiarietes. In these three
■ways the vihrations produced by a sonorous body
may reach the auditory nerve. Audition may be
actii'e or passive : hence the difference between
llsteitiiir/ and simply henriiig.
AU'DITORY, Audito'rius, Aiidi'ti'rm, Aciin'-
ticHs, (F.) Audit;/. That which relates to audi-
tion.
Auditory Arteries and Veins, are vessels
.which enter the auditory canals, and are, like
them, distinguished into internal and external.
The e.rteriial auditory artery, A. Tywpanique —
(Ch.) is given off by the styloid, a branch of the
external carotid: the internal is a branch of the
basilary artery, which accompanies the auditory
nerve, and is distributed to it. The Auditory
Veins eu)pty into the internal and external ju-
gulars.
Auditory Canal, External, Mea'tns audito'.
rius exter'nuH, Alvea'rium, Scapha, Seaphus, (F.)
Conduit auditif externe, Conduit anriculaire,
commences at the bottom of the concha, at the
Fora'nieu anditi'rum extcr'num, passes inwards,
forwards, and a little downwards, and terminates
at the membrana tympnni. It is partly cartila-
ginous, iiartly osseous, and partly fibrous.
AuDiTOUY Canal, Internal. Mvn'tns audito'-
rius intrr'nus. Poms seu Sinus acus'licus, Cynr,
(F ) Conduit auditif' interne. C. labyrinthir/ue, IS
situate on the posterior surface of the pars pe-
trosa of the temporal bone. From the Fora'men
auditi'vum iuter'itum, where it commences, it
passes forwards and outwards, and terminates
by a kind of cul-de-sac, mac'ula crihro'sa, perfo-
rated by many holes, one of which is the orifice
of the Acjuwductus Falloijii ; and the others com-
municate with the labyrinth.
Auditory Nerve, Xervna audito'rius seu acus'-
ticus, Nerf lahyrinthique — (Ch.), is the Po/Z/o
Mollis of the seventh pair. It arises fi-om the
corpus restiforme, from the floor of tho fourth
ventricle, and by means of white striaj from the
sides of the calamus scriptorius. As it leaves the
encephalon, it forms a flattened cord, and pro-
ceeds with the facial nerve through the foramen
auditivum internum, and as far as the l)ottom of
the meatus, where it separates from the facial,
and divides into two branches, one going to il.e
cochlea, the cochlear ; the other to the vestibule
and semi-circular canals, the vestibular.
AUGE, Al'veus. Some of the older anatomists
gave this name to a reservoir, into which liquiils
flow in an interrupted manner, so that it is alter-
nately full and empty. Such are the ventricles
and auricles of the heart.
AUGdERE, Intcruiittent Fever.
AUGMENTA'TION, from au</ere, auctum, 'to
increase;' Atigmen'tum, Increinen'tum, Anub'asis,
Auc'tio, Auxis, Proyres'sio, Proijres'sus, Auxe'-
sis, (F.) Augment. The stage of a disease in
which the symptoms go on increasing.
AULISCUS, Canula. See Fistula.
AULOS, Canula, Fistula. See Vagina, and
Foramen.
A U MALE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Au-
male is a town of Up])er Normandy, in the coun-
try of Caux. Several springs of ferruginuus
mineral waters are found there, whose odnur is
penetrating, and taste rough and astringent.
They are tonic, and employed in debility of the
viscera, <fec.
AUMURE, Parietaria.
AUXE NOUIE, Kharanus frangnla.
AUNEE, Inula helonium — a. iJyHcnIfriiine,
Inula dysenterica — a. Officinale, Inula heleniuiu.
AURA, Pnoe. A vapour or emanation from
any body, surrounding it like an atmosphere.
Van Helmont regarded the vital principle as a
gas and volatile spirit, which he called Aura
vi talis.
In Pathology. Aura means the sensation of a
light vapour, which, in some diseases, appears
to set out from tiie trunk or limbs ; and to rise
towards the head. This feeling has been foun'l
to precede attacks of epilepsy and hysteria, and
hence it has been called Aura Epilep'tica, and
A. hyster'ica.
Aura Epileptica, see Aura — a. Ilysteiicn, see
Aura.
Aura San'guinis. The odour exhaled by blood
newly drawn. See Gaz Sanguinis.
Aura Sem'inis, A. semina'Us, Spir'itns geni-
ta'lis: — A volatile principle fancied to exist in
the sperm, and regarded by some as the fecun-
dating agent. Such is not the case.
Aura Vitalis, Vital principle.
AURAL MEDICINE AND SURGERY,
Otiatria.
AURANCUM, see Ovuib.
A URANITE, see Agaric.
AURAN'TIA CURASSAVEN'TIA,.'!. C»m»-
sav'ica, Curasso'a apples or oranges. Immature
oranges, checked, by accident, in their growth.
They are a grateful, aromatic bitter, devoid (/f
aciditj'. Infused in wine or brandy they make a
good stomachic. They are also used for issue
peas. See Citrus aurantium.
AURANTII CORTEX, see Citrus aurantium
— a. Floris Aqua, see Citrus aurantium.
AURANTIUM, Citrus aurantium.
AURELIANA CANADENSIS 108
AUTEMESIA
AURELIANA CANADENSIS, Punax quin-
quefolium.
AUREOLA. Areola.
AURI CHLORETUM CUM CHLORETO
NATRII, see Gold— a. Chloridum, Gold, muriate
of — a. Cliloretuin, Gold, muriate of — a. Cyanidum,
see Gold — a. Cj'anuretuui, see Gold — a. lodidum,
see Gold — a. loduretum, see Gold — a. et Natri
chlorureiuin, sec Gold — a. Murias, Gold, muriate
of — a. Nitro-muriiis, see Gold — a. Oxidum, see
Gold — a. Terchloridum, sec Gold — a. Tercyani-
dum, see Gold— a. Teroxidum, see Gold.
AURICHALCUM, Brass.
AimiChE. Auric' iilci, {F.) Ai(ricule, Oricnle.
Diminutive of nun's, an ear. The pavilion of
the ear. See Pavilion.
Auricles of the Heart, Aun'c'ula, A'tria,
Cttvita'teH iniiomiita'tcB, (P.) Orcillettcs, are two
cavities, one right, the other left, each communi-
cating with the ventricle of its side. These two
cavities receive the blood from every part of the
body. Into the ric/Jit auricle, the two vena; cava;
and corcjiiary vein open : into the left, the four
pulmonary veins. Chaussier calls the former the
iS'iiius of the Voice. Cava; : — the latter, the Siinis
of the I'utiiwnari/ Veins. The foliated or dog's
ear portion of each auricle is called Appen'dix
auric'u/a. See Sinus.
Auricula .Jud.e, Peziza auricula — a. Muris,
Hieracium Pilosella — a. Muris major, Hieracium
murorum.
AURICULATRE, Auricular, see Digitus — n.
PoHterieur, Retrahens auris — a. Superieur, Attol-
Icns aurem.
AURICULAR, Attricula'ria, Oric'nlar, (F.)
Auriculnire, from auricula, 'the ear.' That
■which belongs to the ear, especially to the ex-
ternal ear.
AURIC'ULAR Ar'TERIES AND VeINS, Oricu-
laires — (Ch.), are divided into anterior and jjos-
terior. The anterior are of indeterminate num-
ber. They arise from the temporal artery, and
are distributed to the meatus auditorius externus,
and to the pavilion of the ear. The posterior
auricular is given off by the external carotid,
from which it separates in the substance of the
parotid gland. When it reaches the inferior part
of the pavilion of the ear it bifurcates; one of its
branches being distributed to the inner surface
of the pavilion, the other passing over the mas-
toid process, and being distributed to the tempo-
ral and posterior aiiris muscles, &c. Before its
bifurcation it gives off the stylo-mastoid artery.
The Anterior and Posterior Auricular Veins open
into the temporal and external jugular.
Auricular Pln'Ger, (F.) Doigt auriculaire, is
the little finger, so called because, owing to its
size, it can be more readily introduced into the
meatus auditorius.
Auricular Nerves are several. 1. The au-
ricuhtr branch, Zyf/omnto-auricular, is one of
the ascemliiig branches of the cervical plexus.
It ramifies and spreads over the two surfaces of
the pavilion. 2. The aurioilnr or superficial
temporal, Temporal-cutaneous — (Ch.), is given off
from the inferior maxillary. It ascends between
the condyle of the jaw and the meatus auditorius
externus, sends numerous filaments to the meatus
and pavilion, and divides into two twigs, which
accompany the branches of the temporal artery,
and are distributed to the integuments of the
head. There is also a posterior auricular fur-
nished bv the facial.
AURI'CULARIA SAMBUCI. Peziza auricula.
AURICULARIS ANTERIOR, Anterior auris
^a. Superior, Attollens aurem.
AURICIUjE, Auricle, Pavilion of the ear.
AURIC'ULO-VENTRIC'ULAR, A'trio-ven-
tric'ular, A'trio-ventricula' ris, Auric' ulo-ventri-
cula'ris, ('F.)Auriculo-vcntriculaire. That which
belongs to thc auricles and ventricles of the heart.
The communications between the auricles and
ventricles are so called. Thc Tricuspid and 3Ii-
tral V'llrcs are auriculo-ventricular valves.
AURI'(jA. a species of bandage for the ribs,
described by Galen. See, also. Liver.
AURIGO, Icterus — a. Ncophytorum, Icterus
Infantum.
AURIPIGMENTUM, Orpiment— a. Rubrum,
Realgar.
AURIS, Ear.
AURISCALPIUM, Earpick.
AVRISCOI^'IVM, Au'riscope, from auris, 'the
ear,' and ckottcui, 'I view.' An instrument for
exploring the ear.
AURIST, Otia'ter, Otia'trus, Ear-doctor, Ear-
surcjeon ; from auris, 'the ear.' One who occu-
pies himself chiefly with the diseases of the ear
and their treatment.
AURIUM FLUCTUATIO, Rombus- a. Mar-
morata. Cerumen — a. Sibilus, Bombus — a. Soni-
tus, Bombus — a. Sordes, Cerumen — a. Susurrus,
Bombus.
A U R 0 N E, Artemisia abrotanum — a. des
Champs, Artemisia campcstris — a. des Jardina,
Artemisia abrotanum — a. Ildle, Artemisia abro-
tanum.
AURUGO, Icterus.
AURUM, Gold — a. Chloratura, Gold, mu-
riate of — a. Chloratum natronatum, see Gold — a.
Foliatum, Gold leaf — a. in Libellis, Gold leaf — a.
Leprosum, Antimonium — a. Limatum, see Gold
— a. Muriaticum, see Gold — a. Muriaticum natro-
natum, see Gold.
AuRUM MuSi'vUM, Anrum 3fosa'icum, Sulph'-
uret of Tin, Deutosulphuret or Persulpliuret of
tin. (Qnichsilver, tin, sulphur, sal ammoniac,
aa, equal parts. The tin being first melted, the
quicksilver is poured into it, and then the whole
are ground together, and sublimed in a bolthead.
The aurum musivum lies at the bottom.) It is
used in some empirical preparations.
Aurum Oxydatum, see Gold — a. Oxydulatum
muriaticum, Gold, muriate of — a. Nitro-muriati-
cum, see Gold — a. Salitum, Gold, muriate of.
AUS'CULTATE, from auscultare, 'to listen.'
To practise auscultation. 'To auscult' is at times
used with the same signification.
AUSCULTA'TION, Ausculta'tio, Echos'cnpe,
act of listening. Buisson has used it synony-
mously with listening. Laennec introduced aus-
cultation to appreciate the different sounds which
can be heard in the chest, and in the diagnosis
of diseases of the heart, lungs, <fec. This may
be done by the aid of an instrument called a ste-
thoscoptc, one extremity of which is applied to the
ear, the other to the chest of the patient. This
mode of examination is called 3Iedlatc Ausculta-
tion, (F.) Auscultation mediate, — the application
of the ear to the chest being immediate ausculta-
tion.
The act of exploring the chest is called Stctho-
scop'ia, and Thoracoscopt'ia ; of the abdomen,
A hdo m in oscop ' ia .
AUSCULTATORY, Auscidtato'rius ,- Ans'cul-
fonj, Auscul'tic, (with some.) Belonging or hav-
ing relation to auscultation.
Auscultatory Percussion, see Acouophonia.
AUSTERE', Auste'rus. Substances which pro-
duce a high degree of acerb impression on the
organs of taste.
AUSTRUCHE, Tmperatoria.
AUTALGIA DOLOROSA, Neuralgia, facial,
Pleurodynia— a. Pruriginosa, Itching— a. Vertigo,
Vertigo.
AUTARCI'A, from avroi, 'himself,' and apKw,
'I am satisfied.' Moral tranquillity. — Galen.
AUTEMES'IA, from auroj, 'self,' and tumi,
AUTEMPRESMUS
109
AVENA
* vomiting.' Spontaneous or idiopathic vomiting.
— Alil)crt.
AUTKMPRESMUS, Combustion, human.
AUTJIE'AIEIION. A medicine which cures
on tlie day of its exhibition; from auros, 'the
same,' iiml 'ti/apa, ' day.'
AUTil V(ilAXSIS, Vis medicatrix naturte.
AUTOCIIIK, Anlofhi' run, Sidci'dit, from avTOi,
'himself,' and ;!^£(p, 'hand. One wlio has com-
mitted suicide. A .self-murderer or suicide.
AUTOCHIRIA, Suicide.
AUTOCINE'SIS, Motus volunta'rins, from
avToi, ' self,' and Kivnan, ' motion.' Voluntary
motion.
A U T 0 C ' R A S Y, Antocrati'a, A utocmto'ria,
from oiiTo;, ' himself,' and Kparo;, ' strength.' In-
dependent force. Action of the vital principle,
or of the instinctive powers, towards the preser-
vation of the intlividual. See Vis Medicatrix
Katura}. Also, the vital principle.
AUTOCRATIA, Autocrasy, Vis Medicatrix
Natur.e.
AUTOCRATORIA, Autocrasy— a. Physiatrice,
Vis medicatrix naturaj.
AUTOCTONIA, Suicide.
AUTOG"ENOUS, from avro;, 'self,' and ycv-
*ao>, ' I generate.' A term applied by Mr. Owen
to parts or elements that are usually developed
from distinct and independent centres; as in the
case of the dilierent parts or elements that form
a vertebra.
AUTO(jONIA, Generation, equivocal.
AUTOLITIIOT'OMUS, from avros, 'himself,'
X(9os, 'a stone,' and rtitvuv, 'to cut.' One who
operates upon himself for the stone.
AUTOMAT'IC, Automat' icitu, Aiitom'atu8, (F.)
Antomatiqiie, from avTOfiarog, ' spontaneous.' That
■which acts of itself. Those movements are called
oi/^.5);in/('c which are executed without volition : —
involuntary motions, matus automat' ici seu au-
tom'ati seu iuvo/uutn'rii.
AUTOMXAL, Autumnal.
AUTOXOM'IA. Via medica'trix notu'rcB. The
■word Antoiioinid is occasionally employed by the
French and Germans for the peculiar mechanism
of an organized body. Thus, although indivi-
duals of the same species may ditier in outward
conforniaticm, their mechanism or instinctive
laws (Aniotiomin) may be the same.
AUTONYCTOBATIA, Somnambulism.
AUTOPEP'SIA, from avros, 'self,' and Trtrro),
'I concoct.' Self-digestion, — as of the stomach
after death.
AUTOPJIIA, Autopsia.
AUTOPirONY, AutojjJio'nin, (F.) Autnjihonie,
Retentiixement autopkonique, from a«rof, 'self,'
and 0ci)v>;, ' voice.' An auscultatory sign pointed
out by M. Ilourmann, which consists in noting
the character of the observer's own voice, while
he speaks with his head placed close to the pa-
tient's chest. The voice, it is alleged, will be
modified by the condition of the subjacent organs.
The resonance, thus heard, he terms reteutisse-
mcnt aictophoiiique. This diagnostic agency Dr.
R. G. Latham proposes to term heautophon' iea.
AUTOPIIOXIA. Suicide.
AUTOPHOSPIIORUS, Phosphorus.
AUTOPLAS'TIC, Autoplna'ticua, from aurof,
'self,' and irAaorixos, 'formative.' Relating to
autoplastj' or i)lastic surgery.
AUTOPy^ASTlCE. Morioplastice.
AUTOPLASTY, Morioplastice.
AUTOP'SIA, Au'topni/, from aurof, 'himself,'
and oi^if, ' vision.' Autoph' i<t, Autuscnp'ia. In-
spection ; examination by one's self; self-inspec-
tion. Often improperly used for the following:
Altop'sia Cadaveh'ica, (F.) Autopm'e ou Ou-
verture cnd<tvcriqiie. Attentive examination after
death; — Examination post mortem, Sectio Cadav'-
eris, Disaection, Nec'roacopy, Nee'ropay, Necro-
acoj)'iri, Xecroj/'aifi, Necrop'aia, — practised for
the purpose of investigating the causes and seat
of an aii'ection of v^hich a person may have
died, <ifcc.
AuTop'siA Cadaver'ica Lega'i.is, Sec'tio seu
Ohduc'tio leija'lia, is the examination after death
for medico-legal purposes.
AUTOPYROS, Syneomistos.
AUTOSCOPIA, Autopsia.
AU'TOSITE, from auroj, 'self/ and airof,
'nourishment.' A single monster, capable of
deriving nourishment from its own proper or-
gans, in contradistinction to Omplialoxiie.
AUTOTIIERAPIA, Vis medicatrix nature.
AVJlVM}^, Autum'nue, A\ictuiii'iiua. from nu-
gere,auctum, 'to increase' [?], Plilhiropo'ron, {¥.)
Autonine. One of the seasons of the year, between
the 'I'.'id of September and the 21st of l)ecember.
In all climates, the Autumn or Fall is liable to
disease; a combination of local and atmo.^pheric
causes being then present, favourable to its pro-
duction.
AUTUM'NAL, Anlumno'lin, (F.) Automnnl.
Relating to Autumn; as Autumtiul Fruits, Au-
tumnal Fevera, <tc.
Autumnal Fkver generally assumes a bilious
aspect. Those of the intermittent kind are much
more obstinate than when they appear in the
spring.
AUXESIS, Augmentation, Increase.
AUXIL'IARY, Auxilia'ria, from au.rilium,
'aid.' (F.) Aujcilitrire. That which assists, or
from wiiich assistance is obtained.
AuxiLiATtY Mi;dicine is one which assists the
principal medicine or basis. It is synonymous
with Adjuvant.
AuxiiJAKY Muscles are those which concur
in the same movement. Some anatomists have
applied the term to several ligaments, as well as
to the fleshy fibres, which hang from the sucro-
apinii/is muscle.
AUXILIUM, .Juvans, Medicament.
AUXIS, Augmentation, Increase.
AVA, Arva, K(ii;ii. An intoxicating narcotic
drink, made by chewing the Piper methisticum.
It is much used by the Polvnesians.
AVAILLES, WATERS OF. A small village
in France, II:! leagues S. S. E. of Ptiitiers, at
which there is a cold saline chalybeate. It
contains chlorides of sodium and calcium, sul-
phate and subearlionate of soda, iron, Ac.
AYANT-BOUUIIE (¥.), Oh anti'cnm. This
name has been applied by some to the mouth,
p'roi)erly so called — -in contradistinction to the
Arriere bouclie or I'haryii.c.
A V ANT- BR AS, Fore-arm.
AVANT-CCFUR, Scrobiculus cordis.
AVANT-GOUT {¥.), Pragnatu'lio. A fore-
taste ; prsvgustation.
AVASf-iMAIN (Y.), Adrer'aa Manns. The
inside of the hand, when extended.
A VANT-PIFD (F.). The most advanced part
of the foot.
A VANT-POIGNET (F.). The anterior part
of the wrist.
A VELINE, Corylus avellana, (nut.)
AVELLANA, Corylus avellana — a. Cathartica,
Jatropha curcas.
AVE'NA, liromoa. Oafs, (Prov., North of Eng-
land) Aits. The seeds of Are'7in sati'vn. Ord.
Gramineae. Sex. Syst. Triandria Digynia. (F.)
Avoine. Oats are used as food for man in some
parts, particularly in the Xorth of Entrland and
Scotland. AVhcn deprived of the husks, they
form Groata. Reduced to meal — Avenes Fari'na,
Oatmeal, (Ph. U. 8.) — they are applied as cata-
plasms to promote suppuration. The dry meal '
is sprinkled over erysipelatous parts.
AYEN.E FARINA
1 10
A XOID 0-A TLOIDIEN
Ontmca? rjruel, Wnter griief, is prepared as fol-
lows : — Take of ontmcnl, ^^ij : soft wntei; Oiss.
Rub the meal in a basin, wiUi the back of a spoon,
in a ino'ierate quantity of the water, pouring off
the fluid after the grosser particles have subsided,
but whilst the milkiness continues; and repeat
the operation until no more milkiness is commu-
nicated to the water. Put the washings in a pan,
after having stirred them well, in order to sus-
pend any fecula which may have subsided; and
boil until a soft, thick mucilage is formed.
It is a good demulcent, and is used also as a
vehicle for clysters.
AvKNA ExroRTicATA, Groats.
AVENyE FARINA, see Avena.
AVENHEIM, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Avenheim is three leagues from Strasburg: near
it is an aperient mineral water.
AVENNES. MINERAL WATERS OF.
Avennes is a village in the department of He-
rault, in France : near it is a saline spring, the
temperature of which rises to 81° Fahrenheit.
AVENS, COMMON, Oeum urbanum— a. Pur-
ple, Geum rivale — a. Water, Geum rivale — a.
White, Geum Virginianum — a. Yellow, Geum
urban nm.
A VKRICH, Sulphur.
AVERRHO'A BILIM'BT, 7?(7nn'6/, BiUmhing
teres. Orel. Oxalidea3 : called after Averrhoes.
An Indian tree, which has a fruit that is too acid
to be eaten alone. It is used as a condiment,
and in the form of syrup as a refrigerant.
AvERnno'A Caram'bolA, Ifdliim Coen'se, Pru-
num stelhi'tum, Tam'ara, Conga, Uaram'boln.
An Indian tree, whose fruits are agreeably acid.
The bark, bruised, is employed as a cataplasm,
and its fruit is used as a refrigerant in bilious
fever and dysentery.
AVER'SION, Aver'sio, Apot'rope, from aver-
tere, [a and vertere,) 'to turn from.' Extreme
repugnance for anything whatever.
A VERSION (F.) also means, in therapeutics,
the action of medicines which turn the afflux of
fluids from one organ, and direct them toothers;
being synonymous with counter-irritation, or
rather, revuhsion or derit:ation.
AYEliriN (F.). A disease of the mind,
which, according to Lavoisien, renders the pa-
tient obstinate and furious.
A VEUGLE, Csecus.
AVEUGLEMEXT, Caecitas — «. de Jour,
Nyctalopia — a. de Nin't, Hemeralopia.
AVICEN'NIA TOMENTO'SA, A. Africa'na
sen resini/'era seu nit'idn, Bnn'tia ger'minans :
called after Avicenna. Ord. Verbenaceae. The
plant which affords the Jfahxc'ca Bean or Aiia-
car'dium Orieiifd'/e of the Pharmacopoeias, i^cnfe-
car'pKn Anncar'dium. The oil drawn from the
bark of the fruit is a corrosive and active vesica-
tory, but it is not used.
AVICULA CIPRIA, Pastil— a. Margaritifera,
see Pearl.
AVOry, Avena.
AVON, MINERAL WATERS OP. Avon
Springs are in the State of New York, on the
eastern branch of the Genesee river, 18 miles
from Rochester. There are three sulphureo-saline
and one iodine spring. They are applicable to
the same set of cases as the Sharon Springs.
AVORTEMENT, Abortion— a. Provoqtie, see
Parturition.
AYORTER, to Abort.
AVORTIN, Abortion,
AVORTON, Abortion.
A VIJLSIO, Arrachement.
AVULSION, Evulsion.
AX, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ax is a
small town in the department of Arriege, France;
where there are several sulphurous springs, the
temperature of which varies from 77° to 162° of
Fahrenheit.
^A'^, Axis— ri. de VCEil, Axis of the eye.
AX'EA COMMISSU'RA, TrocIwV des. A
pivot-joint. See Trochoid.
A X e n K o r p e r, Corpuseula tactds.
AXES, Intermittent, Paroxysm.
AXILE BODIES, Corpuseula tactfls.
AXIL'LA, Ala, Aseel'lft, Asuel'ltt, Ascifla,
Accl'la, Cordis ennnicto'ritim, Male, Hyjio'mia,
Fo'ccn axilla'rin, Mas'chale, Mas'elialis, (Sc. and
Prov.) Oxtar, Oxter, (F.) Ainaclle. The cavity
beneath the junction of the arm with the shoulder;
the armpit ; (F.) Crcuxdel'Alnselfe. It is bounded,
anteriorly, by a portion of the pectoralis major;
posteriorly, by the latissimus dorsi. It is covered
with hair, contains much areolar membrane, lym-
phatic ganglions, important vessels and nerves,
an<l numerous sebaceous follicles, furnishing an
odorous secretion. In consequence of such secre-
tion, the ancients called it evuincto'riitm cordis.
AX'ILLARY, Maschnlim'us, (F.) Ax ilia ire,
from axilla, 'the armpit.' Belonging to the
armpit.
AxiLLAliY Artery, Arte'ria nxilln'ris; a con-
tinuation of the subclavian, extending from the
passage of the latter between the scaleni muscles
as far as the insertion of the pectoralis major,
when it takes the name of lirndiial.
Axillary Glands are lymphatic glands seated
in the armpit; into which the lymphatic glands
of the upper extremity open.
Axillary Nervr, Cir'cumflex N., Scnp'nlo-
hu'meral (Ch.), Nerf circonflcxe, Artiv.'ular nerve;
arises from the posterior part of the brachial
plexus, particularly from the last two cervical
pairs and the first dorsal. It is chiefly distri-
buted to the posterior margin of the deltoid.
Axillary Vein, Venn Axilla' ris. Vena Sxba-
la'ris. This vein corresponds vcith the artery;
anterior to which it is situate. It is a continua-
tion of the hracln(d veins ; and, at its termina-
tion, assumes the name Suhclnviun.
AXINE, Ascia.
AXIRNACH. An Arabic word, used by Al-
bucasis to designate a fatty tumour of the U|)per
eyelid, observed particularly in children.
AXIS, Axon, (F.) Axe. A right line which
passes through the centre of a body.
Axis, Cerebro-Spinal, see Encephalon — a.
of the Cochlea, Modiolus — a. Cranio-Spinai, see
Encephalon — a. Cylinder of Nerve, see Nerve
fibre — a. Coeliac, Coeliac artery.
Axis op the Eye, (F.) Axe de I'wil, called
also, Vis'ual Axis and Optic Axis, is a right line,
which falls perpendicularly on the eye, and passes
through the centre of the pupil.
Axis, H^mal, Aorta — a. Neural, see Ence-
phalon.
Axis, is also the second vertebra of the neck.
Axon, EpistropJi'eiis, Epts'troplnis, Maschnrister t
Ver'tebra Denta'ta, (F.) Essien. So called, be-
cause it forms a kind of axis on which the head
moves. Chaussier calls it Axoule, from ufuv,
'axis,' and tccSoj, 'shape.'
AXLETEETH, Molar teeth.
AXOIDE, Axis— rt. Occipitale, Rectus capitis
posticus major.
AXOID'O-ATLOTD'EUS. -What refers to both
the axis and atlas, as.4.ro/,/o-«?/o,V/ff,)i articulation.
The lesions of the Axoido-atloidean, are, 1.
Fracture of the Proces'sus Dcnta'tus. 2. Rujiture
of the odontoid ligament, and consequently pas-
sage and pressure of the process behind the trans-
verse ligament : and, ?,. The simultaneous rupturo
of the odontoid and transverse ligaments. These
different accidents are fatal.
AXOIDO-ATLOIDIEX, Obliquus inferior
capitis.
AXON
111
BACCIIIA
AXO^r. Axis.
AXONGE, Adeps prseparatus.
AXUN(iE, Adeps prtcparatus.
AXUNGIA, Pin«,'uod(i— a. Gadi, Oleum Jecoris
Apclli — a. de Mumia, Marrow — a. Articuliiris,
Synovia — a. Piscina Marina, Oleum Jecoris Aselli
— a. Pnrcina, Adeps pracparatus.
AYPNIA, Insomnia.
AZALEA PROCUMBENS, Loiseleuria pro-
cum liens.
AZAKNET, Orpimcnt.
AZAKL'M, A.siirum — a. Caharet, Asarum.
AZEDARACH, Melia Azedaraeh.
AZEDARACHA AMffiNA, Melia Azedarach.
AZO'IC, Azn'lvun, same etymon as Azote. De-
void of life. The "Azoic period" oi the geologist
is tliiit before any living being appeared.
AZOODYNA'MIA, from a, priv., ^w;?, 'life,'
and huvaiiii, 'strength.' Privation or diminution
of the vital powers.
AZORES, CLIMATE OP. The Azores or
Western Islands are said to afford one of the best
examples of a mild, humid, eciuable climate, to
be met with in the nortliern hemisphere. It is
slightly colder and moister than that of Madeira,
but even more ecjuable. Sir James Clark thinks,
that a change from the Azores to Madeira, and
thence to TeneriHe — ^one of the Canaries — would
prove more beneficial to the phthisical valetudi-
narian than a residence during the whole winter
in any one of those islands.
AZOTAS IIYDRARGYRTCUS LIQUIDUS,
pec llydrargyri nitras — a. Ilydrargyroso — ammo-
nicus, see llydrargyri oxydum cincreiim — a.
Hydrargyrosus, Hydrargri nitras — a. Potassicus,
Potassit; nitras.
AZOTATE, Nitrate — a. d'Ai-fjent, Argcnti
rifras — a. de Mcrcure, llydrargyri nitras — <u de
J/ercure et d'nmmoniaqiie, see llydrargyri oxy-
dum cinereum — a. de P/omb, Plumbi nitras — a.
de Potdnne, Potassaj nitras.
A'ZOTE, Azo'tiini, hom a, priv., and ^wr/, 'life.'
N^i'ti'of/eii, Alcaliijene, Gus azo'tivuiii, Kitro-
(jen'iuiii, Sejyton, (F.) Azote, A^itroi/cnc, Mofctte,
Air f/at4, Air viciS, is a gas which is unfit for re-
spiration. It is not positively deleterious, but
proves fatal owing to the want of oxygen. It is
one of the constituents of atmospheric air, and a
distinguishing principle of animals. Vegetables
have it not generally diffused, whilst, it is met
with in most animal substances. It has been
variously called, plilof/istic air, initiated air, &c. ;
lias been looked upon as sedative, and recom-
mendeil to be respired, when properly diluted, iu
diseases of the chest.
Azote, PnoToxmE of, Nitrogen, gaseous ox-
ide of.
AZOTE, Nitrogenized.
AZOTED, Nitrogenized.
AZOTE NESES, from azoic, and voaoq, 'dig-
ease.' Diseases fancied to be occasion .i by the
predominance of azote in the body.— Baumes.
AZOTIC ACID, Nitric acid.
AZOTIZED. Nitrogenized.
AZOTURIA, see Urine.
AZTEC CHILDREN, see Nanus.
AZUR, Coral, Smalt.
AZU'RIUM. A compound of two parts of
mercury, one-third of sulphur, and one-fourth of
sal ammoniac. — Albertus Magnus.
AZ'\GES, Az'i/f/os, Az'yyoHS, sine ptiri, from
a, priv., and ^uyof, 'equal.' Unequal. The
iphenoid bone, because it has no fellow. Also, a
process, Proceii'tiis Az'i/yes, Pontnim uplieiioida'le,
projecting from under the middle and forepart
of this bone.
AZYGOS GANGLION, see Trisplanchnie
Nerve.
AZYGOUS ARTICULAR ARTERY^ see Ar-
ticular arteries of the skull.
AzYGoiis Mi'scr,i:,^2_i/7()« IJ'vaJa, is the small
muscle which occupies tiie sul)Stance of the uvula.
— Morgagni. The name is, however, inappro-
priate, as there are two distinct fasciculi, placed
along-side each other, f(jrming the P<il'ato-8ta-
plii//i'iii. Staphyli'iii or EpintuphijU'iii muscles,
Sliiplii/li'ui me'dii of '\Vin^low.
AZYGOIIS PUOCKSS, OF TIIE SlMIEXOID, SCO
Azyges.
AzYGOnS Vein, Vena Azi/r/os, Veine Prilombo-
thoracique — (Ch.), Vena nine j'ci, Vena pari
carenn, (F.) Veinc sani Paire. This vein was so
called by Galen. It forms a communication be-
tween the V. cava inferior and V. cava nnperior,
permitting the blood to pa.-is freely between the
two. It rises from the vena cava inferior, or
from one of the lumbar or renal veins, passes
through the diajihragm, ascends along the spino
to the right of the aorta and thoracic duet, and
opens into the V. cava superior, where it pene-
trates the pericardium. On the left side, the
SEMI-Az'ygos, Left bron'chial or left snperior iu-
tercon'tal rein, ]^cna demi-azipjon, V. henii-az'i/ga,
Veine petite prelonibd-tlioraciqne — (Ch.), presents,
in miniature, nearlv the siime arrangement.
AZYMIA HUMORUxM, Crudity of Vhe hu-
mours.
AZ'YMUS, from a, priv., and ^i'/i>/, 'leaven.'
Azy nious bread is unfermented, unleavened bread.
— Galen.
AZZLE-TEETH, Molar teeth.
B.
BATiEURnE. Buttermilk.
BA niL LEMEM T, Loquac ity.
BABUZICARIUS, Incubus.
BABY. Infans.
BAC'-VRIS, Bach'arin. A name given by the
ancients to an ointment, described by Galen
under the name Ointment of Lydia. It was
sometimes employed in diseases of the womb. —
Hippocrates.
BACC.E BERMUDENSES, Sapindus sapo-
naria — b. seu (irana actes. see Sambucus ebulus
b. Jujubiv. Jujube — b. Jlyrtillorum. see Vacoi-
uium niyrtillus — b. Norlaudica;, Rubus arcticus
— b. Piperis Glabri, see Piper Cubeba — b. Pisca-
toriae, see Menispermum eocculus — b. Zizyphi,
see Jujube.
BACCAR, Bac'carin, Bnc'charix. An herb
used by the ancients in their garlands, to destroy
enchantment. Perhaps, the Diijilalis jjvrjturen.
Some authors have erroneously thought it to be
the Axarnm.
BACCHARIS. Baccar.
B.vc'ciIAms Hai-tmifo'lia, Gronndneltree ; Or-
der, Composita3 ; indigenous; is used as a demul-
cent to allay cough, in the form of decoction.
BACCHI'A, from Bacchus, 'the god of wiue.'
BACCniCA
112
BALANORRHAGIA
A name applied to the red or pimpled face of the
drunkiird. See Gutta rosea.
BACCHICA. Hcdera helix.
BACCIV'OKOUS, nacciv'onis, (F.) Bacchorc,
from bacca, ' a berry,' aud coro, ' I devour.' Liv-
ing on berries.
BACIIARIS, Biicaris.
BACHELOR'S BUTTONS, see Strychnos nux
vomii'ii.
BA CHER'S TOXIC PILLS, Pilul® ex Helle-
boro et Myrrha.
BACILE, Crithraum maritimum.
BACILLAR LAYER OP THE RETINA,
Tunica .Jacobi.
BACIL'LUM, BadUus, Bac'iilim, Bac'cnlus:
'a stick.' This name has been applied to a kind
of troch, composed of expectorants, and having
the shape of a stick. Also, a suppository. Bncil-
lum was used by the ancient chemists for several
instruments of iron.
BACK, Dorsum. ♦
BACK-ACH ROOT, Liatris.
BACKBONE, Vertebral column.
BACKSIDE, Nates.
BACKSPHKNT, Vei-tebral column.
BACKSTROKE OF THE HEART, Impulse,
diastolic.
BACOBOTRYS PICTA, Saoria.
BACOVE, Musa sapientum.
BACTYRILOBIUM FISTULA, Cassia fistula.
BACULUS, Bacillum.
BAD, Sick.
BADEN, MINERAL WATERS OF. Baden
is a town six miles from Vienna, Here are 12
springs, containing carbonates of lime and mag-
neisa; sulphates of lime, and magnesia, and
soda; and chlorides of sodium and aluminum.
The water is used in diseases of the skin, rheu-
matism, &c.
There are two other towns of the same name ;
one in Suabia, and the other in Switzerland,
about 12 miles from Ziirich, where are mineral
springs. The waters of the last two are thermal
suliihureous.
BADEN-BADEN, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Celebrated thermal springs, situate about a league
from the high road to Basle and Frankfort. Their
temperature varies from 1.30° to 154° Fahrenheit.
Their situation is beautiful, and they are much
frequented.
BADENWEILER, MINERAL WATERS OF.
B. is in Baden, about a league to the westward
of Miillheim. The waters are thermal (87° of
Fahr.), and contain carbonate of lime, sulphuret
and chloride of calcium, and chloride of magne-
sium.
BADER, Bather.
BADIAGA. A kind of sponge, sold in Russia,
the powder of which is said to take away the livid
marks from blows and bruises in a fev? hours.
Its nature is not understood.
BADIANE, Illicium anisatum.
BADJSIS, Walking.
BADLY, Sick.
r>ADUKKA. Capparis badukka.
BAG, DUSTING, see Dusting-bag — b. of
Waters, see Liquor Amnii.
BAGEDIA, Pound.
BAGGIE, Abdomen.
BAGNERES-ADOUR, MINERAL WATERS
OF. Bagneres-Adour is a small town in the de-
partment of HantM Pyrenees, having a great
number of mineral springs ; some, cold chaly-
beates ; others, thermal salines j but the greatest
part sulphureous and warm.
BAGNERES DU LUCHOISr is a small town
in the dep.'irtment of Hante Garonne, on the
frontiers of Spain. It has been for a long time
famou<! for its numerous sulphureous springs,
the temperature of which is from 09° to 148° of
Fahrenheit. .
BAGNIGGE WELLS. A salino mineral sprmg
of London, resembling the Epsom.
BAGNIO, B<ii;/no!rc.
BAGNOLES, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Biignoles is a village in the department of Ornc.
The water resembles that of Bur/neren dr Luchon,
BAGNOLS, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bag-
nols is a village, two leagues from Mendo, in the '
departniemt of Lozere. The waters are hydro-
sulphurous and thermal: 109° Fahrenheit.
BAGOAS, Castratus.
BAOUENAUDIER, Colutea arboresccns.
BAHA'MA ISLANDS, CLIMATE OF. The
climate of the Bahamas is not considered to bo
well adapted for consumptive patients, on ac-
count of the rapid alternations of temperature,
and the prevalence of winds, often of a dry, cold
character. Still, the phthisical valetudinarians
from most portions of the United States might
derive advantage from a residence there during
the winter months. The accommodations are
not, however, good, or numerous.
BAHEL, Cdlum'nea loiujifo'lio. A labiatcd
plant of Malabar, whose leaves, bruised, are ap-
plied as cataplasms to suppurating tumours.
Bahel Schulli, Genista spinosa Indica.
BAIGNEUB, Bather.
BAIGNOIRE, (F.) Bap'iate'riwn, a Balliivrj
tub, Bugnio, So'litim, Placi'na. The vessel or
place in which bathing is performed. Bttii/nairc
nctdnire, an eye-bath, — a small vessel for bathing
the eyes. See Scaphium oculare.
BAILEY'S SPRING, see Alabama, Mineral
Waters of.
BAILLEMENT, Yawning.
BAILLON, Speculum oris.
BAIN, Bath — &. Chaud, Bath, hot— &. Eke-
fn'qne, Bath, electric, see Electricity — b. Entier,
Bath, general — b. de Fanteuil, Bath, hip — h.
Frais, Bath, tepid— 6. Froid, Bath, cold—?*. Hij-
(jienique, see Bath — b. Mnrie, Bath, water — h.
Jlledicinnl, Bath, medicated — b. de Jller, Bath,
sea — i. de Pied, Bath, foot, Pediluvium — b. de
Sable, Bath, san'd — b. de Sieye, Bath, hip — /).
Simjile, see Bath — h. Tempere, Bath, tepid, B.
Temperate — b. de 'fete, Bath, head — b. Tilde,
Bath, tepid — b. T res froid, Bath, cold — h. de
Vapeiir, Bath, vapour.
BAINE, Bath.
BAINS, MINERAL WATERS OF. These
are situated at Plombieres, department of the
Vosges. They are said to be saline and thermal
by some; others deny them any medical pro-
perties.
BAIRN. Infans.
BAIRNWORTS, Bcllis.
BALAMPULLI. Tamarindus.
BALANCE. AEROSTATIC, Areometer.
BAL'ANCEMENT, Gomponsa'tlon. from (F.)
balance, 'a balance,' itself from bin, 'twice,' and
lanx, 'a dish.' A law of teratogeny, as- main-
tained by GeofFroy St. Hilaire, by which exube-
rance of nutrition in one organ is supposed to
involve, to a greater or less extent, the total or
partial atrophy of some other, aud conversely.
BALANDA, Facus Sylvatica.
BALANEUM, Bath.
BALANISMUS, Suppository.
BALANITE CONTAGIEUSE, see Gonor-
rhoea.
BALANITIS, Gonorrhoea spuria.
B ALAN OBLENNORRHCEA, Gonorrhoea
spuria.
BALANOCASTANUM, Bunium Bulbocasta-
num.
BALANORRUAGIA, see Gonorrhea.
BALANORRIKEA
113
BALSAM
BALANORRIKEA, Gonorrhoea spuria.
BALANOS PIKKNICOS, Dale.
BA'LAN'L'8, (iuXavo?, 'glans,' 'an acorn.' The
glaus nonis. Hence, liulmioldennorrh'e' a, Blen-
norrhiuii of the ghins ; and BalanvttH, Inflainma-
tiiin of the {;hui8. Suppositories and pessaries
were called liid'ani.
B.u, \Ni;s, Glans, Suppository — b. Myrepsica,
Guilaiidliia nioringa.
BALARUC, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ba-
laruc is a town in the depiirtuient of Ilerault,
in France. The waters are saline and thermal.
They contain carbonic acid, carbonate of lime,
carbonate of magnesia, chlorides of sodium, cal-
cium, and nia;;ne.sium, sulphate of lime, and a
little iron. They are considered tonic, and are
largely used. Their temperature is about 118°
Fahrenheit.
Balaiiuc Water, FACTiT"tous, (F.) Emi de
JJalnnic ; Ar/mi Jlellilncu'iia is made of simple
acidu/onn water (containing twice its hulk of car-
bonic acid) i'^\xss; chloride of sodium, 3''''';
chloride of culciiim, gr. xviij ; chloride of mag-
nesium, gr. Ivi; carbonate of majnesia, gr. j.
BALATKO, Bambalio.
BALAUSTINE FLOWERS, see Punica gra-
natum.
BALBIS, (3uA/?if, 'a foundation.' Any oblong
cavity. — Galen, lliiipocrates, in his treatise on
the joints, gives the name Itulbito'dea to the ole-
cranon cavity of the humerus.
BALIUIS. (F.) /%i(e. One habitually affected
with stiiinmci'ing. A stammerer.
JiA L II I ■ TIKMENT, Balbuties.
BALBU'TLES, Psellis'mns, Psel'lotes, Bla:'-
titas, Jhtri/tj/os'sin, JDijsla'lia, 3fo(jila'lia, Ischo-
pho'nia, liattaris'mus, Bamha'lia, IIcBsita'tio,
Loque'ld hlat'iin, Tituba'tio Linijua, (F.) Jialbu-
tiemcnl, Jlnjaicmeitt, Iihjo\)ime»t, Stuttering,
Stammering, Hammering, (Prov.) Tntt'erimj,
St, Viliis's Dituce of the Voice, (Sc. ) Hab'beriiuj,
ffdbbliiii/. Also, vicious and incomplete pronun-
ciation, in which almost all the consonants are
replaced hy the letters B and Lj Traidis'miis.
BALCllUS, Bdellium.
BALU, Athri.x.
BALDMONEY, TEthusa meum.
BALDNESS, Alopecia, Calvities — b. Limited,
Porrigo (localvans — b. Partial, Porrigo decalvans.
B.\l>ENAS, Leviathan penis.
BALIMBA(50. Hibiscus populous.
BALINEATOR, Bather.
BALINEUM, Bath.
BALL, I'ihi— b. of the Eye, Pupil.
BALLISMUS, Chorea.
BALLI8TA, Astragalus.
BALLOClv-GRASS, Orchis mascula.
BALLON. Receiver.
BA L L OXSKMKNT, Tympanites.
BALLO'TA FOi'TIDA, B. vuhja'ris seu nigra,
Marru'bitiin iiii/nim, Black Horehouwd, Stinking
H., (F.) Jlarnibe noir. Ord. Labiatae. Sex.
Syst. Didynaniia Gymnospermia. This plant is
esteemed to be antispasmodic, resolvent, and
detersive. (?)
Ballota Lana'ta, Leonu'rus lana'tus, (F.)
Ballote cotnnnense. A plant which grows in
Siberia. The whole plant, with the exception of
the root, has been recommended in dropsy, and
in rheumatism and gout, as a diuretic. It is
u.sually given iu decoction (5ss to ^j to f5viij
of water).
BALLOTE COTOXXEUSE, Ballota lanata.
BALLOTTEMEXr, (F.) Mouvcncnt de Bal-
lottenteut, Agita'tion, SuccnsSiion, Jieperciis'sion,
means the motion impressed on the foetus in
utero, by alternately pressing the uterus by
means of the index finger of one hand intro-
duced into the vagina; the other hand being
applied on the abdomen. It is one of the least
ecjuivocal signs of pregnancy.
BALLS, DEER, Elaphomyces granulatus.
BALLSTON SPA. This village is situate in
Saratoga County, New York. The spring Sans
Souci belongs to the class of Acidulous Chaly-
beates. It contains iodide of sodium. There is
also a sulphur spring.
BAL.M, Melissa — b. Apple, Momordica bal-
samina — b. Bastard, Melifis Melissophylluin — b.
of Gilcad, Solomon's, see Tinctura cardauiomi —
b. of Gilead, Poplar, Populus candicans — b. of
Gilead tree, Dracocephalum Canariense — b. In-
dian, Trillium latifolium — b. Mountain, Monarda
coceinea — b. Red, Monarda eoccine.a — b. Scarlet
rose, Monarda coceinea — b. Stinking, Hedeoma.
BALMONY, Chelone glabra.
BALNEA CCENOSA, Bone dcs eatix.
BALNEARIUM, Hypocaustum.
BALNEARIUS, Bather.
BALNEATOR, Bather.
BALNEOG'RAPHY, Balneograph'ia, from
Pa'Xavuov, 'a bath,' and ■yi><'(pvt 'a description.'
A description of baths.
BALNEOL'OGY, Bahicolng"ia, from 0a\a.
vtiov, 'a bath,' and Aoyoj, 'a description.' A
treatise on baths.
BALNEOTHERAPI'A, from BaUrtiov, ' a
bath,' and OtpnTrtia, 'treatment.' Treatment oi
disease by baths.
BALNEUM, Bath— b. Acidum, Bath, acid —
b. Alkalinum, Bath, alkaline — b. Aniniale, Bath,
animal — b. Antipsoricum, Bath, antipsoric — b.
Anti-sypiiiliticum, Bath, antisy]>hilitic — b. Are-
na), Bath, sand — b. Gclatinosum, Bath, gelatinous
— b. Maria', Bath, water — b. Marinum, Bath, sea
— b. Maris, Bath, water — b. Medicatum, Bath,
medicated — b. Sulphuris, Bath, sulphur.
BALSAM, JSal'samum, Barsamiin, Bol'esnn,
Bel'eson, (F. ) B<nime. This name is given to
natural vegetable substances, concrete or liquid,
but very odorous, bitter, and piquant: composed
of resin, benzoic acid, and sometimes of an es-
sential oil — which allow benzoic acid to be dis-
engaged l^y the action of heat; readily dissolved
in volatile oil, alcohol, and ether; and, when
treated with alkalies, afford a soluble benzoate,
and throw down resin. We know of only five
balsams — those of Peru, and Tolu, Benzoin, s<did
Styrax or Storax, and liquid Styrax. (See those
different words.) There are, however, many phar-
maceutical preparations and resinous substances,
possessed of a balsamic smell, to which the name
baham has been given ; but they differ essentially
in composition and jiroperties : hence the dis-
tinction of balsams into natural and artificial.
The natural balsams include the five before men-
tioned ; the artificial the remainder.
Balsam, Acots'tic, Bal'samum Amns'ticum,
(F.) Baiime acoustique. A mixture of fixed and
essential oils, sulphur, and tinctures of fetid
gums. Used in eases of atonic deafness, dropped
into the ear. The acoustic baham of Dr. Hugh
Smith is made by mixing three drachms of ox-
gall, with one drachm of balsam of Peru.
Balsam, American, see Myroxylon Peruiferum
— b. Anodyne, Bates's, Linimentum saponis et
opii.
Balsam, Apoplec'tic, Bal'samum Apoplec'ti-
cum, Bal'samus Apoplec'ticus, (F.) Baume Apo-
plectique. A medicine composed of several bal-
sams properly so called, resins, and volatile oils.
It is of a stiff consistence, is Worn in ivory
boxes about the person, and is smelled at in
headaches, Ac.
Balsam Apple, Momordica balsamina.
Balsam op Ai(C(e'us, Bal'samum Arccei, Un-
guen'tum El'etni, (F.) Baume d'Arcoeiis. A soft
ointment; sometimes employed iu wounds, ul-
BALSAM
114
BALSAM
cers, (fee. It is made by melting, with a gentle
heat, two parts of mutton suet, one of lard, one
and a half of turpentine, and as much resin.
B A I.SAM, Calaba, see Fugara octandra.
Balsam, Canada, see Pinus balsamea — b. Ca-
nary, Dracocephalum Canariense — b. Capivi,
Copaiba.
Balsam of CARPA'TniA, B. Cdrpa'tJn'nn, BctV-
snmuiii Uiirpnth'icum, (F.) Bdiniie de Curpatlile.
The resin of the Piiiun Ceinbra, a tree, which
grows in Switz.erland, Libya, and the Krapae
mountains in Hungary.
Balsam, Ciialy'bkatk, BaJ'scimiim Chah/hea'-
tinii, (F.) Bimnie d'acier ou d'ai{/i()lles. A mix-
ture of nitrate of iron, alcohol, and oil, prepared
by dissolving needles in nitric acid. It was for-
merly employed in friction in pains of the
joints.
Balsam, Commander's, Tincturabenzoini cora-
posita — b. for Cuts, Tinctura benz.oini coniposita.
Balsam, Cor'dial, op Sennkr'tus, B<d'sa)i\iirn
Cordia'le Seinier'ti, (F.) Bniune curdiale de Scn-
ftert. A stimulant medicine, composed of the
essential oils of citron, cloves, and cinnamon, of
musk, and ambergris. Dose, 6 to 15 drops.
Balsam of Fikuabras. A celebrated Spanish
vulnerary balsam, mentioned by Cervantes ; the
composition of which was oil, rosemary, salt, and
■wine. (?)
Balsam, Spiu'itiioiis, of Fioraventi, Bal'-
samum Fioraceii'ti spiritiw'sum, (F.) Bauiiie <le
Fiord venti spiritueiix. Different products of the
distillation of resinous and balsamic substances,
and of a number of aromatic substances, pre-
viously macerated in alcohol, have been thus
called. The Spirituous Balsam of Fioraventi,
the only one now used in friction, in chronic
rheumatism, is the first product of the distillation
from a sand-bath. It is entirely alcoholic. The
OiI)j B(dsfiiii of Fioraventi is obtained by re-
moving the residue, and distilling it in an iron
vessel, at a white heat. It has the appearance
of a citrine-coloured oil. The Black Balsam of
Fioraventi is the black oil, obtained when the
temperature is sufficient to carbonize the sub-
stances in the cucurbit.
Balsam of Fir, see Pinus balsamea.
Balsam of Fourcroy or of Labordk, (F.)
Baume de Foitrcroy ou de Lahorde. A kind of
liniment composed of aromatic plants, balsams,
resins, aloes, turpentine, theriac, and olive oil.
Used in chaps of the skin and nipples.
Balsam, Friar's, Tinctura benzoini composita.
Balsam of Genevieve, (F.) Baume de Gene-
vieve. An ointment composed of wax, turpen-
tine, oil, red saunders, and camphor. Used in
contused wounds, gangrene. <fee.
Balsam op Honey (Hill's). A tincture made
of tola, hone// (aa Ibj) and spirit (a gallon). A
pectoral, used in coughs. The committee of tlie
New York College of Pharmacy recommend the
following formula —(6'»m Benzoin, ^v, Bals.
Tolut. f^\. Mellis gviij, Aloohol. Oiij— 'digest for
10 days and filter). See Mel.
Balsam of IIorehound (Ford's). A tincture
of horehound, liquorice-root, camphor, opium,
benzoin, dried squills, oil of aniseed, and honey.
It h:is the same properties as the above. See
Marrubium.
Balsam. Hungarian, see Pinus mnghos.
Bausam, Hypxot'ic, BaVsamum Hi/pnot' ieum,
(F.) Banme Hiipnntique. A preparation of which
opmtn, hyoscyamus, camphor, and some other
sedative substances, form the basis. It is used
externally in friction, to provoke sleep.
Balsam, Hystrr'ic, BaCsamum Hyster'icum.
(F_.) Baume Hi/sterique. A preparation made of
opium, aloes, asafoetida, castor, distilled oils of
rue, amber, &c. It is held to the nose, applied
to the navel, or rubbed on the hypogastrium in
hysterical cases.
Balsam, Indian, see Myroxylon peruiferum.
Balsam, Iod'i'RETted, Bal'snmum iodnrci'um,
(F.) Banme hi/driodate, B. iodurf, Gclee coiitre
le (/ottre. A balsam used in the way of friction,
in goftre, at Lausanne, in Switzerland. It may
be made as follows — animal soap, 00; iodide «/
potassium, 42 ; alcohol lit 85°, 500 ; essence of
lemon, 4 parts. The iodide is dissolved in tlie
alcohol, which is added to the soap melted in a
water-bath. The whole is then filtered, and put
into bottles.
Balsam op Leictoure, of Condom or Vince-
GTTEUE, Bal'samum Lectoren'se. A strongly sti-
mulant and aromatic mixture of camphor, saffron
nuisk, and ambergris, dissolved in essential oils.
The ancients burnt it for the purpose of purifying
the air of a chamber, when infected with a dis-
agreeable odour.
Balsam op Life of Hopf'mann, Bal'snmum
Vitcp, Jlojfmau'ni, (F.) Baume de Vie d'llnffmnnw,
A tincture, composed of essential oils and amber-
gris, enjplo.yed internally and externally as a
stimulant. A mixture of essential oils without
alcohol constitutes the Saxon Balsam, Bal'samum
apoplcc'ticum, B. aromat' icum. B. ccpJitd'ivnm, B,
Saxoii'icnm, B. nervi'num, B. ScHEliZERl, B. Sto-
mach'icum. Employed in friction as a stimulant.
Balsam op Life, Decoetuin aloes compositum
— b. of Life, Turlington's, see Tinctura benzoini
composita.
Balsam op Locatel'li or Lttcatel'li, Bal'-
samum Lueatel'li, (F.) Baume de Lucatel. A sort
of ointment, composed of wax, oil, turpentine,
sherry, and balsam of Peru, coloured with red
saunders. It was once administered in pulmo-
nary consumption.
Balsam of Mecca, see Amyris opobalsamum
— b. Mexican, see Myroxylon Peruiferum — b.
Natural, see Myroxylon Peruiferum.
Balsam, Green, op Mktz, Bal'samum Vir'ide
Mcten'sium, B. Vir'ide, (F.) Banme vert de Metz,
Baume de Fenillct, JInile verte, O'leum o.r'i/r/j
cupri vir'ide. This is composed of several fi.\c(l
oils, holding, in solution, subcarbonate of copper,
sulphate of zinc, turpentine, aloes, and the es-
sential oils of cloves and juniper. It is green
and caustic, and is employed to hasten the cica-
trization of atonic ulcers.
Balsam, Nkphrit'ic, op Fuller, Bal'sumnm
Nephril'icum Fulleri. A liquid medicine, com-
posed of oils, resins, and balsams, which have
experienced an incipient state of carbonization
from concentrated sulphuric acid. It was f;iven
in the dose of 15 to 30 drops in certain affections
of the kidneys.
Balsam, Nervoi:s, Bal'saynum Nervi'nnm,
(F. ) Banme ncrvin ou nerval. A kind of oint-
ment, composed of fatty bodies, volatile oils,
balsam of Peru, camphor, Ac. It is employed
in friction in cases of sprains and rheumatic
pains.
Balsam, Paralyt'io, op Mynsiciit. A sort
of liniment or soft mixture of the essential oils
of different aromatic plants, oils of turpentine
and amber. — Lomery.
Balsam of Parei'ra rrava, Bal'samum Pn-
rei'rcp. brarcp.. A soft mixture of balsam, resin,
muriate of ammonia, and powder of the root of
Pareira brnvn. It is given internally, to excite
the urinary secretion.
Balsam, Peruvian, see Myroxylon Peruife-
rum—b. of Peru, red, see Tohlifera bnlsamum-
b. of Peru, white, see Myroxvlon Peruiferum.
Balsam OF Rackasi'ra or of Rak.vsi'ri. Thia
.substance is of a yellowish-brown colour; semi-
transparent; fragile, when dry, but softenin? by
heat; adhering to the teeth, when chewed. U
BALSAMADENDRON
115
BAMBOO
has a smell similar to that of the Balsam of Tolu,
and is slightly bitter. It is brought from India
in gourd shells, and has been employed in dis-
eases of the urinary and genital organs, especially
in gonorrhoea.
Balsam, Riga. Prepared from the shoots of
the Scotch Fir, macerated in spirit of wine. In-
terualli/, stimulant and diuretic; exteriiaUy, a
vulnerary. Sec Pinus Cembra.
Balsam oi' Satiiiin, Ihil'samum Sntur'ni. A
solution of acetate of lead in spirit of turpentine,
concentrated by evaporation ; to which camphor
has been added. This balsam was applied to
hii.'ten the cicntrization of wounds.
Balsam of tub Samar'itan, (F.) Bnvme du
Sdiiiiin'tain. A sort of liniment, prepared by
boiling together, at a gentle heat, equal parts of
wine and oil. It is said to have been the oint-
ment used by the Samaritan of the Gospel to
cure a patient covered with ulcers.
Balsam, Saxox, Balsam of Life of Hoffmann.
Balsam op Sulphur, lial'sKmum Snl'phnrls,
(F.) Ihtnme de Sou/re. A solution of suljjhur in
oil. — fi. sulph. aniHn'tiim, (F.) 11. de Son/re anise.
A solution of sulphur in essential oil of aniseed;
given as a carminative. — B. Sidph. succiiia'tum,
(F.) li. de S'lufre aiiccinf. A solution of sulphur
in oil of amber. — D. Sidphnrin terehinthitid'tum,
Common Dutch Dropn, (P.) B. de Son/re terebin-
(hinS. A solution of sulphur in essential oil of
turpentine, administered as a diuretic. — The Bal-
sum of Sulphur of IluLANH is a solution of sul-
phur in linseed oil or nut oil.
Balsam op Sym'patiiv, Bahamvm Sympath'-
iciini, (F.) Bnume de Si/iiipirithlc. A balsam, used
in the days when sympathetic influence was
strongly believed in. It was comjiosed of the
raspings of a human skull, blood, and human fat,
an(l vs'iis applied to the instrument which had
inflicted the wound.
Balsam, Tiiibaut's. A tincture of myrrh,
allies, dragon's blood, flowers of St. John's wort,
and Chio turpentine. Internal/^, diuretic ; exter-
ncdly, vulnerary.
Balsam of Toltt, see Toluifera Balsamum.
Balsam, TuaNQUIL, Bal'samnm tranquil'him
seu triniqiii'l'ldnf, (F.) B. tranqiiiUe. A liquid
medicine employed, externally, in the shape of
friction : it is prepnred by macerating and boil-
ing, in olive oil, narcotic and poisonous plants, —
belladonna, mandragora, hyoscyamus, A-,c. — and
afterwards infusing, in the filtered decoction,
different aromatic plants. It was employed as
an anodyne.
BAi.sAsr, TiinKKY, Dracocephalum Canariense
— b. Turlington's, see Tinctura Benzoini com-
posita.
Balsam of Trn'pENTrNE, iJntch Drops, BoV-
snnnim Terebiii'lhitia. Obtained by distilling
oil of turpentine in a glass retort, until a red
balsam is left. It possesses the properties of the
turpentines.
Balsam, Vervain's, Tinctura Benzoini com-
posita.
]] VLSAM. Vri/.\nRAI!Y. OF Mixdere'ri's, Bnl'-
S'linxm vuhirrn'riiiiii Miiidere' ri, (F.) B. vid>i4-
niire de MixnERKR. A kind of liniment, com-
posed of turpentine, resin elemi, oil of St. J(din's
wort, and wax. Employed in friction, and as a
dressing to wounds.
Balsam Weed, Iinpatiens fulva.
B\isAM Wo("\n. Tinctura Benzoini eomposita.
B A L S; A M A D E \ 1) B 0 X GILEADEXSE,
Amyris (Jileadensis — b. Myrrba, see Myrrha.
BALSAMAIIIA INOPHYLLUM, see Fagara
octandra.
BALSAMELiEON, Myroxylon Perniferum.
BALSA.M'IC, Btdiam'icus, (F.) Balsamiqtie,
from Pa\iTaiiov, 'balsam.' Possessing the quali-
ties of balsams. Bahamie odour: — a sweet,
faint, and slightly nauseous smell. Buhctmio
snlstance: — one resembling the balsams in pro-
perty.
BALSAMIER ELEMIFERE, Amyris elemi-
fera — h. de la Mecqite, Amyris ojjobalsamum.
BALSAMINA, Momord'ic<i, balsamina.
BALSAMINE, Motuordica balsamina.
BALSAM/QUE. Balsamic.
BALSAMITA FCEMIXEA. Achillea ageratum
— b. Major, Tanacetum balsamita — b. Mas, Ta-
nacetum balsamita.
Balsami'ta Suav'eolens, B. odora'la sen
maris, Jfentha Stiraceu'ieii seu Bonia'na. Ord.
Compositse. Sex. St/at. Syngenesia Polyganiia
superflua. A plant, common in the south of
France, and cultivated in the gardens; where it
bears the names of Menthe eoq ou rumaine, Grand
hdume, Butane eoq ou Costus des Jardina. Its
smell is strong and aromatic, and taste hot. It
is used for the same purposes as cansey, i. e. as a
stimulant, vermifuge, &c.
Balsamita Suaveolens, Tanacetum balsa-
mita— b. Vulgaris, Tanacetum balsamita.
BALSAMO-SACCHARUM, EUeo-Saceharum.
BALSAMUM, see Balsam, Amyris opobalsa-
muin— b. ^gyptiacum, see Amyris opobalsamum
— b. Album, see Myroxylon Peruiferuui — b.
Alijini, Dracocephaluni Canariense — b. Alpini,
see Amyris opobalsamum — b. Anodynum, l^ini-
mentuni saponis et opii — b. Apuplecticum, Balsam
of life of liull'mann — b. Aromatieum, Balsam of
life of Iloinnann — b. Asiaticum, see Amyris opo-
balsamum— b. liraziliense. Copaiba — b. Calaba,
see i'agara octandra — b. Canadense, see Pinus
balsamea — b. Catholicum, Tinctura benzoini cum-
posita — b. Cephalicum, Balsam of life of Hoff-
mann— h. Copaibae, Copaiba — b. Genuinuin anti-
quorum, see Amyris oi)obalsnmiim — b. Hyperici
simplex, see Hypericum perforatum — b. lodure-
tum, Balsam, iodurettcd — b. Judaicum, see Amy-
ris opobalsamum — b. Libani, see Pinus cembra —
b. Maria:, see Fagara octandra — b. e Mecca, see
Amyris opobalsamum — b. Mercuriale, Ungucn-
tum hydrargyri nitratis — b. Xerviiium, Balsam
of life of Hotfmann — b. Nucista', see Myristica —
b. Opodeldoc, Linimentum saponis camphoratum
b. Ophthalmicum rubrum, Ungncntum hydrar-
gyri nitrico-oxydi — b. Persicum, Tinctura benzo-
ini eomposita — b. Peruvianum, see Myroxylon
Peruiferum — b. Saturninum, Unguentum plumbi
superacctatis — b. Scherzeri, Balsam of life of
Hoffmann — b. Stomachicum, Balsam of life of
Hoffmann — b. Styracis, Styrax — b. Stjracis ben-
zoini, Benjamin — b. Succini, see Succinum — b.
Sulphuris Barbadense, Petroleum sulphuratum —
b. Sulphuris simplex, Oleum sulphuratum — b.
Syriacum, see Amyris opobalsamum — b. Toluta-
tanum, see Toluifera balsamum — b. Tranquillans
seu Tranquillura, Balsam, tranquil — b. Trauma-
ticum, Tinctura benzoini eomposita — b. Univer-
sale, Unguentum plumbi superacctatis — b. Viride,
Balsam, green, of Metz ; see Fasrara octandra.
BALSAMUS, Balsam.— b. Palustris, Mentha
aquatica.
BALSEM, Amyris opobalsamum.
BAMBA, Bamboo.
BAMBALIA, Balbuties.
BAMBA'LIO, n<n,i'Lalo, Bala'tm, from /?a/(-
Patito, 'I speak inarticulately.' One who stam-
mers or lisfis. or utters inarticulate sounds. Ac-
cording to KiiAi'SE, one wbo sjicaks as if he bad
pap in his mouth, or as if his tongue were para-
lyzed.
' BAMBOO, (F.) Bamhou, Bamhxt. Earn. Gra-
mineaj. Sc.r. Syst. Hexandiia Monogynia. The
J'oung shoots of Bandios arundinn'cea, Ariin'((o
hamboa, Bumhu'sa arundinu'een, and of Baniboa
vcrticilla'ta, contain a saccharine pith, of wuich
BAMBOS ARUNDINACEA 116
BANDEA U
the people of both the Indies are very fond.
They arc soiuctiincs made into a picitle.
BA:\IB0S ARUNDINACEA, Bamboo— b.
Verticillata, Bamboo.
BAMBIISA ARUNDINACEA, Bamboo.
BAMIX MOSCIfATA, Hibiscus abelmoschus.
BAMMA, from Parrno, 'I plunge,' 'a paint; a
dj'e.' Anciently, liquids were so called, in which
certain liodies were plunged, to moisten or soften
them. In the case of tea, for instance, into which
bread is dipped, the tea would be tlie bamma.
BANAN.A, Musa sapientum.
BANAXIER, Musa sapientum.
BANAUSIA, Charlatanry.
BAXC D'HIPPOCItATE, Bathron.
BAN GAL, (F.) One who has deformed legs.
It includes the vahjue, compernis, and varus,
which ?ee.
BAXCnOCHE, (E.) A vulgar epithet for a
rickety individual.
BAND, PRIMITIVE, see Nerve Fibre.
BAN'DAGE, JDfsnia, Syndea'mua, Hi/podea'-
mis, Hiip'xlenma, Hypodes' iiinH, (the last three
signify yiroperly an under bandage.) A hinder,
from Sax. bindan, 'to bind.' This word, with
the French, is generally used to express the me-
thodieril application of rollers, compresses, <fec.,
Ban'dar/iiir), Syit'desi's, to fix an apparatus upon
any part, — corresponding to the words delic/a'tio,
fancHi'tiojfdni-ia'rnm appUca'tio, epid'csis. With
us the noan is usually applied to the result of tlie
application, or to the bandage itself; — a sense in
which the French employ the word Bmide. Ban-
dages are simple or compound. The simple ban-
dage is fqiKil, if the turns are applied circularly
above each other; unequal, if the turns are not
accuratelj' applied upon each other. If each turn
of the bandage be only covered one-third, it
forms the doloire of the French; if the edges
touch only slightly, it is the mou&ne ; if the turns
are very oblique and separated, it is the spiral
or creeping, (F.) rampant ; if folded upon each
other, it is termed the reversed, (F.) renverse.
By uniting various kinds of batidaging, we have
the com pound, ; and these compound bandages
have received various names expressive of their
figure, or of the parts to which they are applied,
as capli-trum, sjiica, &c. Bandages are divided,
also, as regards their uses, into \uiiting, dividing,
retaining, e.rpeUing, co7npreBsing, d;c.
Bandage or Roller, Fas'cia, TcB'nia, Epides'-
mos, 17/i'ci(/»m, the i?«iif/e of the French. It may
be made of linen, flannel, or other stuff capable
of offering a certain resistance. The two extre-
mities of a bandage are called tails, (F.) chefs,
and the rolled part is termed its head, (F.) globe.
If rolled at both extremities, it is called a, double-
headed roller or bandage, (F.) Bande d deux
globes.
BANDAGE 1 BANDELETTES SEPA-
EEES, Bandage of separate strips.
Bandage, Body, 3Ianti'le, (F.) Bandage de
Corpis, is used for fixing dressings, &c., to the
trunk. It is formed of a towel, napkin, or some
large compress, folded three or four times; the
extremities of which are fastened by pins. This
is again fixed by means of the scapulanj bandage,
which is nothing more than an ordinary ban-
dage, stitched to the anterior and middle part
of the na[.kin, passing over the clavicles and
behind the head, to be attached to the back part
of the napkin.
Bandage, Compound, see Bandage.
Bandage, Compressing, or Roller, Fascia
compressi'va seu cnnvolu'ta, (F.) Jlandiige com-
pressive ou roule, is the simple roller with one
head; and is employed in cases of ulcers, varices.
Ac, of the limbs. "Whenever this roller is applied
to the lower i)art of the limbs, it is carried up-
wards by the doloire and reversed methods above
described.
Bandage, Compressive, see Bandage, com-
pressing— b. de Corps, see Bandage — b. Dividin,:,',
see Band.age — b. Dirisif, Dividing bandage — 4.
udi.r-huit Chefs, Bandage, eighteen-tailcd— I. ni
Doloire, Doloire — b. Double-headed, see Band-
age.
Bandage, Eighteen-tailed, Fas'cia octnd'-
ecim capit'ibu3, (F.) Bandage d dix-hnit clicfi.
This bandage is made of a longitudinal portion
of a common roller; and with a sufficient num-
ber of transverse pieces or tails, to cover as luucl,
of the part as is requisite. It is a very useful
bandage, inasmuch as it can be undone without
disturbing the part.
Bandage, Expelling, see Bandage.
Bandage, Galen's, B. for the Poor, Fns'cin
Gale'ni seu Pau'pernm, (F.) IJandage de Gulien
ou des Pauvres, Ga'lea, is a kind of cucnlhis or
hood, (F.) Couvrechef, divided into three parts
on each side; of which Galen had given a de-
scription. See Cancer Galeni.
Bandage of Genoa, Bandage of Theden— b.
Hernial, see Truss — b. Immovable, Apparatus,
immovable.
Bandage, In'gdinal, Fas'cia ingvina'lis. A
bandage for keeping dressings applied to the
groin. It consists of a cincture, to which is at-
tached a triangular compress, adapted for cover-
ing the groin. To the lower extremity of this,
one or two bandages are attached, which pass
under the thigh, and are fixed to the posterior
part of the cincture. This bandage may be either
simple or double.
Other bandages will be found described under
their various names.
BANDAGE DES PAUVRES, Bandage,
Galen's — b. Permanent, Apparatus, immovable—
b. of the Poor, see Bandage, Galen's, and Cancer
Galeni — b. Rampant, see Bandage — b. Rcnverno,
see Bandage — b. Roule, see Bandage — b. of Scul-
tetus, Bandage of separate strips.
Bandage op separate Strips, or B. of Scfl-
TE'tuS, Fas'cia fusci'olis separa'tim dispos'itit
seu Sculte'ti, (F.) Bandage d bandeleites separies
ou de Scultet. This is formed of linen strips,
each capable of surrounding once and a half the
part to which they have to be applied, and placed
upon each other, so as to cover successively one-
third of their width. It is used chiefly for frac-
tures, requiring frequent dressing.
Bandage, Simple, see Bandage.
Bandage of Tiieden, B. of Gcnga. A band-
age employed, at times, in brachial aneurism,
which commences at the fingers, aud extends to
the axilla.
Bandage, Under, Hypodesmis — b. Unequal,
see Bandage — b. Unissant, Uniting bandage— b.
Uniting, see Bandage, and Uniting bandage.
BANDAGING, see Bandage— b. Doctrine of,
Desmaturgia.
BAN'DAGIST, (F.) Bandngiste. One whose
business it is to make bandages, and especially
those for hernia.
BANDE, Bandage. The word nande,\n
anatomy, is used by the French for various nar-
row, flat, and elongated expansions.
BANDE A DEUX GLOBES, see Bandage.
BANDE D'HISlIODORE, a kind of bandage
for supporting the mammae.
BANDEAU, (P.) A kind of simple bandage,
which consists of a piece of cloth, folded four
times, and applied round the head. There i«
also the Bandeau ou Mouchoir en triangle or
BANDELETTE
1 17
BARII CHLORIDUM
trinucfulnr hnndage, a kind of couvrcchef, made
of a ji((u:irc piece of cloth, or of a handkerchief,
foMed diiiffoiialiy, and aii[)licd round the head.
liASDELBTTE, (F.) Diminutive of Bauda
FtiHciolii, Tceiiiolii, V^itta ; a narrow bandage,
sliip, or fillet. Also Taenia semicircularis.
liANDELETTES AGGLU TINA Tl VES.
Small strips, covered with a glutinous plaster.
VillOB ai/i/liiliiiaii'len. See Agghitinant.
liANDELETTES DECOUP^S, are strips
of linen, notched on one ed<;e, and covered, on
one side, with ointment. They are apjjlied to
wounds to prevent the lint from sticking, and the
laceration of the cicatrix.
liANDELKTTE SEMICTRCULATRE, Taj-
nia seniieirculiuris — h. den Comes d'ammon, Corjius
finibriiitum — b. dea Eminences pyriformes. Taenia
semicircularis — h. de V llippocanipe, Corpora fim-
briata.
BANDURA, Nepentha destillatoria.
BANDY-LEGUED, Cnemoscoliosis.
BANE15ER11Y, Actaja spicata.
BANGUE, BhaiHj, B,nuj, Bancji or Benf], Sed-
hee, Siihjce. Adanson believes this to be the Ne-
penthes of the ancients. The largest leaves and
capsules without the stalks of Can'nahis In'diea,
(F.) Chnnvre Indien, Indinn hemp, probably iden-
tical with G. snticn. Family, Urticeae. Sex. Syst.
Dioecia Pentandria. The leaves and flowers uf
Cannabis are narcotic and astringent. They are
chewed and smoked. The seeds, mixed with
opium, areca, and sugar, produce a kind of intoxi-
cation, and are used for this purpose by the peo-
ple of India. An alcoholic extract of the plant,
Churnis — Extrae'tuni Can'nahis (Ph. U. S.) — has
been used in India, and since then in Europe and
in this country, as a narcotic and anti-convulsive,
in the dose of from half a grain to ten or more.
It requires, however, great caution in its adminis-
stration. The pure resin — CannaOine, Iluscliis-
vhine — is active in the dose of two-thirds of a
grain.
The dried plant, which has flowered, and from
which the resin has not been removed, called
Gniijah, Ganjah, Guaza, and Giiazah, Ilaschisch,
Ilaschich, Haehiseh, Hashish, or Chaschisch, of
the Arabs, consists of the tops and tender parts
only of the plant, collected immediately after in-
florescence, and simply dried.
BANICA. Piistinaca sativa,
BANILAS, Vanilla.
BANILLA, Vanilla.
BANILLOES, Vanilla.
BANLSTE'RIA ANGULO'SA. This plant,
in Brazil and the Antilles, pusses for a powerful
sudorific, and an antidote to the poison of ser-
pents.
BANKSIA ABYSSINICA, Hagenia Abyssi-
niea — b. Speciosa, Costus.
BANNIERES, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Bannieres is a village in Quercy, diocess of Ca-
liors, France. The waters are probably chaly-
beate. They are celebrated in amenorrhoja, ca-
chexia, jaundice, Ac.
BA'OHAli, Adaneo'nia digita'ta, of Africa.
Nat. Old. Bombaeeae. One of the largest pro-
ductions of the vegetable kingdom. Its fruit is
called, in the country', Pain de singe. The pulp
is sourish, and agreeable to eat; and a refreshing
drink is made from it, which is used in fevers.
Prospero .\lpini and Dr. L. Frank think that the
Terra Lemnia was prepared, in Egypt, from the
pulp. All the parts of the Baobab abound in
mucilage. The bark has been given as a substi-
tute for cinchona.
BAPTISIA LEUCANTIIA, eeo Sophora tinc-
toria — b. Tincforin, Sophora tinctoria.
BAPTISIERIUAI, Baignoire.
BAPTORRH(EA, see Gonorrhoea.
BA RA Q UETTE {¥.). A name given by Ra-
sous, physician at Nismes, in France, to a catar-
rhal epidemy, which occurred there in 17til. See
Influenza.
BARATIIRON, Jnniperus sabina.
BARATHRUM, Antrum.
BARB A, Beard — b. Aaronis, Arum maculatura
— b. Caprae, Spiraea ulmaria — b. Hirci, Tragopo-
gon — b. .Jovis, Sempervivum tectorum.
BARBADOES, see West Indies — b. Leg, see
Elephantiasis.
BARBAREA, Erysimum barbarca— b. Stricta,
Erysimum barbarea.
BARBAROS'SiE PIL'ULJE, Barlnros' sa' s
Pills. An ancient composition of quicksilver,
rhubarb, diagridium, musk, <fec. It was the first
internal mercurial medicine which obtained any
real credit.
BAR BE, Beard — b. de Bone, Tragopogon.
BARBEAU, Centaurea cyanus, Cyanus sege-
tum.
]5ARBER-CHIRUR'GE0iSrS. A Corporation
of London, instituted by King Edward IV. The
barbers were separated from the surgeons, by IS
Geo. II., c. 15; and the latter were erected into a
Royal College of Surgi ons at the commencement
of the present century.
BARBERS, ARMY, see Bathers.
BARBERIE, MINERAL AVATERS OF,
These mineral waters are half a league from
Nantes. They contain carbonic acid, chlorides
of magnesium and sodium, sulphate of magnesia,
carbonates of magnesia, lime, and iron. They are
used as chalybeates.
BARBERRY, Oxycantha Galeni — b. Ameri-
can, see Oxycantha Galeni.
BARRIERS. A variety of paralysis chiefly
prevalent in India ; and by many considered to
be the same as Beriberi. Beriberi is commonly
an acute disease. Barbiers is generally chrouie.
BARBITIUM, Beard.
BAR-BONE, Pubis, OS.
BARBOTINE, Artemisia Santonica.
BARBULA CAPRINA, Spiraea ulmaria.
BARCLAY'S ANTIBILIOUS PILLS, Pilule
antibiliosa;.
BARDADIA, Pound.
BARDANA, Arctium lappa — b. Minor, Xan-
thium.
BARDANE PETITE, Xanthium.
BAREGES, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Bar6gcs is a village in the department of llautes
Pyrfinees, near which are several springs. They
are sulphureous and thermal, the heat varying
from 85° to 112° Fahrenheit. They contain chlo-
rides of magnesium and sodium, sulphates of mag-
nesia and lime, carbonate of lime, sulphur, Ac.
These springs have long enjoyed a high reputa-
tion, and are daily advised in cutaneous and
scrofulous afiections, Ac. A nitrogenized matter
was first found in these waters, and afterwards in
other sulphureous springs, to which Longchamp
gave the name Baregine.
Factitious BAitiifJES Watep. Aqua Baregi-
nen'sis seu Baretginen'sis, (F.) Eaii de Bareges,
is made by adding hydrosnlphnretted water, f^iv,
to pnre water, f^^xvijss, carbonate of soda. gr. xvj,
chloride of sodium, gr. ss. Bottle closely.
BAREGINE, see Bareges.
BAIKJADA, Convolvulus pes capra.
BARGOU. An alimentary preparation formed
of ground oats, boiled to a proper consistence with
water.
BART6LIA. Soda.
BARII CHLORIDUM, Baryta, muriate of—
b. lodidum, Baryta, hydriodate of.
BARILLA
118
BARYTA
BARILLA, Soda— b. Alicant, Soda — b. Car-
tha;;enn, Soda— b. Turkey, Soda,
BARILLOR. Soda.
BA'RIUM, Ba'ri/tim, Baryt'tum, Pluto'ninm,
from (}apvs, ' heavy.' The metallic base of ba-
ryta, so called from the great deusity of its com-
pounds.
Bauium, CnLORiDE OF, Baryta, muriate of —
b. Chlonire de. Baryta, muriate of— b. lodatuni,
and Iodide of, Baryta, hydriodate of— b. Protox-
ide of, Baryta.
BARK, "Ciuchona— b. Arica, see Cincbonae cor-
difoliic cortex — b. Ash, see Cinchona — b. Bitter,
Pincl-:neya pubens — b. Bogota, see Cinchona — b.
Calisaya', Cinchonae nordifoliie cortex — b. Cali-
Sfiya, spurious, see Cinchonae cordifoliae cortex —
b.Ciirabaya. see Cinchonas cordifoliae cortex — b.
Caribajan, Cinchonae Caribajse cortex— b. Cartha-
genn, see Cinchona — b. Coquettn, see Cinchona
— b. Crown, Cinchonae lancifoliae cortex — b.
Cusco, see Cinchonae cordifoliae cortex — b.
Doom, Sassy-bark— b. Elk, Magnolia glauca— b.
Essential salt of, see Cinchona — b. Florida,
Pinckneya pubens — b. Fusagasuga, see Cinchona
— b. Georgia, Pinckneya pubens — b. Gray, see
Cinchona — b. lluinnilies, see Cinchona — b. Hua-
nueo, see Cinchona — b. Indian, Magnolia glauca
— b. Iron, see Kino — b. Jesuit's, Cinchona — b.
Jaen, see Cinchona — b. Lima, see Cinchona — b.
Loxa, Cinchonre lancifolia3 cortex — b. Pale, Cin-
chonas lancifolio} cortex — b. Maraeaybo, see Cin-
chona— b. Ordeal, Snssy-bark — b. Peruvian, Ciu-
chona— b. Pitaya, Cinchontx; Caribaeae cortex, see
Cinchona — b. Red, Cinchona; oblongifolias cortex
■ — b. Royal, Cinchonas cordifoliic cortex — b. of St.
Ann, see Cinchonae cordifoliae cortex — b. Saint
Lucia, Cinchonae Cariba>a3 cortex — b. Santa Mar-
tha, see Cinchona — b. Sassy, Sassy-bark — b.
Seven, Hydrangea arborescens — b. Silver, see
Cinchona — b. Yellow, Cinchona; cordifoliae corte-x.
BARLERIA BUXIFOLIA, Cara schuUi.
BARLEY-BREE, Cerevisia.
BAitLf;Y-ConN, Cerevisia.
Barley, Pearl, see Uordeum — b. Scotch,
Hordeum
Baulkv-Water, Decoctum hordei.
BARM, Yest.
BARN, Infans.
BARNET, MINERAL WATERS OF. Barnet
is not far from London. The water is of a purg-
ing quality, like that of Epsom, and about half
the strength.
BAROMACROM'ETER, PcBdobaromacrom'-
eter, Pcp.dont'eter, from /Jupoj, ' weight,' /jiaKpos,
'long,' and fitTpov, 'measure.' An instrument
invented by Stein to indicate the length and
weight of a nl^w-born infant.
BAROM'ETER, JUironcop'ium, Ba'roscope,
from /3apoj, ' weight,' and fiirpov, 'measure.' (F.)
Bainnietre. An instrument which measures the
weight of the air. A certain degree of density
in this medium is necessary for health. When
we ascend high mountains, great inconvenience
is experienced, owing to the diminished density.
Changes of this character are indicated by the
Barometer or weather-glass.
BA'ROS, ISapoi, 'heaviness.' Employed by the
Greek physicians to designate the feeling of las-
situde and lieaviness observable in many diseases.
■ — Hippocrates. Galen.
BAROSCOPE, Barometer.
BAROSMA CRENATA, Diosma crcnata.
JiAROTE, Baryta.
BAROTES SAI.ITUS, Baryta, muriate of.
BAHRAS, see Pinus sylvcstris.
BAKRE, MINERAL VVATERS OF. Barre is
a small town, six leagues from Strasburg. The
waters are thermal, and contain much iron, cal-
careous salt, Ac. They are diuretic and tonic.
BARRE (F.), Barrnre, Vara, 'a bar.' A pro-
jection or prolongiition of the symphysis pubis,
—a deformity rendering delivery difficult.
BARREE (F.). A term applied, in Franco, to
a female whose pelvis has the deformity described
under Barre.
BARRES (DENTS,), Barred Tetth. Tho
molar teeth, when the roots are spread or tortu-
ous, so that they cinnot be extracted without
being broken ; or without a portion of the alveo-
lar arch being removed.
BARREL OF THE EAR, Tympanum.
BARREN, Sterile.
BARRENNESS, Sterilitas.
BARROS, Terra Portugallica.
BARRURE, Barre.
BARTON'S FRACTURE, see Fracture of the
Radius, Barton's.
BARYCOCCALON, Datura stramonium.
BARYCOITA, Baryecoi.i.
BARYECOI'A, Baryvoi'ta, Bradyecoi'n, Pn.
racit'i-ia obtu'sa, BIsccoi'a, Dy^eca^'a, Andi'tm
dilfic'ilis, A. f/ravis, A. iintnliiii'tt(s, Ohinidl'tlo,
Ubaiidi'tKH, Hi/pocdplio'sis, llijjjuehyru'nh, (F.)
jDnrcte d' Oreille, VyKerec, from jSapuj, 'heavy,'
and aKori, ' hearing.' Hardness of hearing, in-
complete deafness. See Cophosis, and Deafness.
BARY^GLOSSIA, Balbuties, Baryphonia.
BARYI HYDRAS lODATI, Baryta, hydrio-
date of.
BARY^LALIA, Baryphonia.
BARY'OD'YNE, from (iapvi, 'heavy,' and oJui'ij,
'pain.' A dull, heavy pain.
BARYPHO'NIA, Bari/rjlun's!", BaryWUa.Lo-
que'la impc.di'ta, from jSapvi, 'heavy,' and 0aini,
'voice.' Difficulty of voice or speech.
BARYPICRON, Artemisia abrotanum.
BARYSOMATIA, Polysarcia adiposa.
BARYSOMATICA, Polysarcia adiposa.
BARY'TA, from fiapvi, 'heavy,' jiapvTm,
'weight.' Terra pondero'sa, Bary'tcs, I'mtux'-
ide of Ba'riwn, Heavy Earth, Ponderous Earth,
(F.) Baryte, Barote, Terre pesante. This earth
and its soluble salts are all highly corrosive poi-
sons. It is never employed in medicine in the
pure state. AVhen externally applied, it is caus-
tic, like potassa and soda.
Bary'ta, Carbonate of. Baryta Car'honas,
(Ph. U.S.), (F.) Carbonate de Baryte, Craie haro-
ti'que, is only used officinally to obtain the mu-
riate.
Baryta, Hydri'odatb of, Barytm Hydri'odns,
Baryta Hydn'od'ica, Eydraa Baryi Joda'ti : —
(in the dry state. Iodide of Barium, Barii Jvd'-
idum, Ba'rium lodu'tum,) has been given in scro-
fulous and similar morbid conditions. It may
be administered internally in the dose of one-
eighth of a grain three or four times a day, and
be applied externally to scrofulous swellings, in
the form of ointment, (gr. iv to ^j of lard.)
Baryta IIvdiuodica, Baryta, hydriodate of.
Baryta, Mu'riate or IlYDROcaLORATE of,
Bary'tcB mu'rias, Chlo'ride of Ba'rium, Ba'ril
Cfilo'ridnm (Ph. U. S.), Chlo'ruret of Ba'rhm,
Terra pondero'sa aali'ta seu mnria'ta, Sal mnri-
at'icnm barot'icum, Baro'ten sali'tus, (F.) Chlo-
rure de barium, is the combination chiefly used.
The Muriate of Baryta may be formed as follows:
Baryt. Carbon, in frustulis, ftj ; Aeiil. Miiriol.
f^xij ; Aquee Oiij. Mix the acid with the water,
and gradually add the Carbonate of Baryta. To-
ward the close of the effervescence, apply a gentle
heat, and, when the action has ceased, filter the
liquor, and boil it down so that Crystals may form
as it cools. — Ph. U. S.
It is given in the form of the Soln'tio Muria'tit
BarytcB, Liquor Barii Chlo'ridi, Ph. U.S., Aqva
,1 barytm muria'tis, (F.) Solution de Muriate (It
BARYTE
1 1 9
BASSIA BUTYRACEA
BirytK, (Mitnnte of Unryla, one part; distilled
witter, liirue parts,) iind is emplnyed in scrofulous
casi's, worms, and cutaneous diseases. Exter-
nally, to fungous ulcers and to specks on the
cornea.
]Jaiivta, Sulphate of, liarytm eulphns, (F.)
Siilfitle (le llnryte, is used in pliannacy, like the
carl)oiiiite, to olitain the chloride of barium.
IJ.viiVT.E CvitnoNAS, IJaryta, carbonate of — b.
Hydiiodas, ]5;iryta, hydriodate <jf — b. Murias,
Baryta, muriate of — b. sulphas, Baryta, sulphate
of.
JLMt VTE, Baryta — 1>. O'lrlxmate de, Baryta,
carU<.n;it(! of — li. xnl/'nle de, Baryta, sulphate of.
liARYTII MIA. Melancholy.
BAKVTIUM. Barium.
BARYUM. Barium.
B AS- FOND, see Urinary Bladder.
JiAS-LASSll Stoekins, laced.
JiAS- Vh'NTIiE, Abdomen.
BASAAL. Tlie name of an Indian tree, the
decoction of whose leaves, in water, with ginger,
is useii iis a garble in diseases of the fauces. The
kernels of the fruit are vermifuge.
B ASANASTllA'tiALA, from 5.i,r«vof, 'torture,'
and uffrpuyaXof, ' the astragalus.' Pain in the ankle
joint: gout in the foot.
BASAXIS'MQS, from 0iiaavt^civ, 'to explore.'
'A touch-stone.' Investigation or examination.
— IIipi)ocrates, Galen.
BASE, fidHin, from fiaivta, 'I proceed,' ' I rest,'
'I support myself.' Tliat which serves as a foun-
dation or support. That which enters, as a prin-
cipal matter, into a mixture or combination. In
anatomy, it is employed in the former sense, as
Base of til e Crnniam, Base of the Brain — Basis
sen Pari men' turn cere'bri ; Base of a process, &c.,
Bane of the heart — Basis vel coro'na cordis. In
dentistry, it means a metallic, ivory, or hii)[)o])o-
tamus plate, which is used as a support for arti-
ficial teeth. In the art of prescribing, Basis is
the chief substance which enters into a compound
formula.
BASE-BORN, Illegitimate.
BASE M EXT MEMBRANE, see Membrane,
basement.
B AS r AT 10, Coition.
BASIATOR, Orbicularis oris.
BASIlj, BUSH, Ocymum caryophyllatum — b.
Citron, Ocymum basilicum — b. Common, Ocy-
mum basilioum — b. Small, Ocymum caryophyl-
latum— b. Wild, Chenopodium vulgare — b. Wild,
Cunila mariana — b. Wild, Pycuauthemum iu-
canum.
BASILAl), see Basilar Aspect.
BAS'ILAR, Basiia'ris, Bas'ilary, (F.) Basi-
laire. That which belongs to the base, from
jiaaii, 'base.' This name has been given to seve-
ral parts, which seem to serve as basis to others.
The sacrum and sphenoid have been so called.
Basilaii Autkky, a. basiia'ris seu cervica'lis,
(F.) Artirc ou Tronc basilaire, A. mesncephalique
(Ch.) The union of the two vertebral arteries.
It ascends along the middle groove on the infe-
rior surface of the tuber, and is suj)ported, be-
neath, by the Fossa basilaris. It terminates in
the posterior cerebral arteries.
Basilar Asi'kct. Au aspect towards the base
of the head. — Barclay. Basilad is used adverb-
ially by the same writer to signify ' towards the
basilar aspect.'
Basilau Fossa, (F.) Gouttiire ou Fosse basi-
laire, is the upper surface of the basilary process,
— so called because it is channeled like a Fossa
or Gitlter. The Tuber annulare rests upon it.
Basilar Pkocess, Proccs'sns basiia'ris ossis
oceip'itis seu cnueifor'mis ossis occip'itis, (F.) j
Aonphi/se Baxilaire, J'rolongemeiit sous-occipital,
Ca'neijorin Process, is the bony projection, formed I
by the inferior angle of the os occipitis, which is
articulated with the sphenoid.
Basilar Sinus, Sinus transversus.
Basilar Surface, (F.) Surface basilaire, is
the inferior surface of the process. It is covered
by the mucous membrane of the pharynx.
Basilar Vertebra. The last vertebra of the
loins.
BASIL'IC, Basil'icHS, (F.) Basilique, from
ffaatXiKos, 'royal.' This name was given, by the
ancients, to parts which they conceived to play
an important part in the animal economy.
Basilic Vein, Vena hasil'ica seu cn'biti inte'-
rior, (F.) Veine Basilique, Veine cubitule cuta-
nee of Chaussier. This vein is one of those on
which the operation of bloodletting is performed.
It is situate at the internal part of the fold of the
elbow, in front of the humeral artery, and is
formed by the anterior and posterior cubital
veins, and by the median basilic. It terminates,
in the arm-pit, in the axillary vein. The an-
cients thought, that the basilic of the right arm
had some connexion with the liver, and hence
they called it hepatic. The vein of the left arm,
for a similar reason, they called splenic. The
Median Basilic Vein, (F.) Veine mediune basi-
lique, is one of the branches of the preceding
vein. It joins the median cephalic at an acute
angle, or rather by a transverse branch, and re-
ceives some branches of the deep railial and cu-
bital veins, and a considerable subcutaneous vein
— the common median.
BASILfO COMMUN, Ocymum basilicum— 6.
Saiivaife, qrand, Chenopodium vulgare.
BASIL'ICON, Basil'icum. ' Roy.al,' or of
great virtue. An ointment, composed of yellow
wax, black pitch, and resin, of each one part,
olive oil, four parts. Hence it was called Uu-
ijuen'tum Tetraphar' maenm, (rtrpa'/mp/ia/cu, 'four
drugs.') — Celsus. Scribonius Largus.
I3ASILIC0N, Basilicum, of the Parisian Codex,
is the Onijuent de Poix et de Oire. In most Phar-
macopoeias, it is represented by the Un'jiten'tniii
or Cera'tum Resi'ncB. It is used as a stimulating
ointment. See Ceratum Resinae, and Unguen-
tum Resinae Nigrce.
BASILICUM, Basilicon, Ocymum Basilicum
— b. Citratum, Ocymum basilicum — b. Majus,
Ocymum basilicum.
BASILIQUE, Basilic.
BASILISCUS, Syphilis.
BASI0-CERAT0-CH0NDR0-GL0SSU3,
Ilyoglossus.
BASIC -CEE'ATO-GLOSSUS, from jiauii,
'base,' Kcpas, 'cornu,' and yXuiaaa, 'tongue.' A
narje given to a part of the hyoglossus, which is
inserted into the cornu of the os hyoides and base
of the tongue.
BASIOCES'TRUM, from ^aan, 'the base,'
and Ktcrpa, 'a dart.' An instrument for opening
the head of the foetus in utero, invented by Mes-
ler, a German.
BA'SIO-GLOS'SUS, ITi/pselof/los'sus, Ifyoba-
sioijlossus, Ypseloglos'sus, from fiuaig, 'base,' and
yXutiaaa, ' the tongue.' A name formerly given to
the portion of the hyoglossus which is inserted
into the base of the os hyoides. — Riolan, Thomas
Bartholiue. See Lingual Muscle.
BASIC PHARYNG.E'US, from fiair,;, 'base,'
and tpapvy^, 'the pharynx.' A name given tc
some fibres of the constrictor pharyngis medius.
— Winslow.
BASIS, see Prescription — b. Cerebri, Base of
the Bfain — b. Cordis, Radix cordis — b. Corporis,
Sole.
BASSI-COL'ICA. Name of a medicine com-
posed of aromatics and honey. — Scribonius
Largus.
BASSIA BUTYRACEA, see Spirit, (Arrack.)
BASSiy
120
BATH
JiASSiy, Pelvis — h. Oculaire, Scnphium ocu-
larc.
BASSIXER, Fove're, to foment.
JiAi^^i/XBT, Pelvis of the kiduey, Rtanunculus
bulbosus.
BAS'SORA, GUSL A gum, obtained from a
plant unknown, which came oriijinally from the
neighbourhood of Bassora, on the Gulf of Per-
sia, whence its name. It is in irregularly shaped
l)ieces, wiiite or yellow, and intermediate in its
transparency between gum Arabic and gum tra-
gacanth. Only a small portion is soluble in
water. The insoluble portion is a peculiar prin-
ciple, called Bfisnorin. It is not used in medi-
cine ; but bassorin enters into the composition of
several substances.
BASSORIN, see Bassora gum.
BASSU'OOD, Tilia Americana.
BASTARD, Illegitimate.
BATA. Musa Parndisiaca.
BATATA DE PURGA. The Brasilian and
commercial name of the purgative, feculent, and
gum-resinous roots of two plants of the family
Convolvulaceae, the one called Jeliciicu, Mechoa-
cmi, Cuiivul' villus mechoacnii'iia, the Piploste'qln
Piso'iii'i of Von Martins; the other Cuiii-oV vi'ilua
opsrcula'tHH, the Ipomoi'a seu Piptostc'ijia oper-
cithi'tii of Von Martins.
BATA'TAS. The inhabitants of Peru gave
this ap))ellation to several tuberous roots, espe-
cially to Convolvulus Bdtalds or Sircet Potato.
Our word, Potato, comes from this. See Solanum
tuberosum.
BATEMAN'S PECTORAL DROPS, see Pec-
tor^l Drops, Bateman's.
BATERION, Bathron.
BATES'S ALUM WATER, Liquor aluminis
compositus — b. Anodyne Balsam. Linimentum
saponis et opii — b. Camphorated Water, Lotion,
camphorated, of Bates— b. CoUyrium, see Lotion,
camphorated, of Bates.
BATH. Anglo-Saxon baS, Jial'neum, Bala-
ne'iiiii, lictliiie'nm, Loutroit, (Old Eng.) Baiiie,
(F.) Bain. Immersion, or stay, for a longer or
shorter duration, of the whole or a part of the
body, in some medium, as water. Act of plung-
ing into a liquid, sand, or other substance, in
■which it is the custom to bathe, Plniuje Bath.
Also, the vessel in which the water is put for
bathing. Also, a public or private establishment
for bathing. The common water-bath, used for
hygienic as well as for therapeutical purposes, is
the Biiiii simple ou liijgieniqne of the French.
In J'linrnidci/, a vessel, placed over a fire, and
filled with any substance, into which another
vessel is placed, containing matters for digestion,
evaporation, or distillation.
Bath, Acid, Bal'neiim ac'ldum {Acid, murint.
Ibij ; Aqua eong. Ixvi. One half, one third, or
one fourth the quantity of acid is more frequently
employed.)
Bath, Acid, Scott's, see Scott's Acid Bath —
b. Air, hot, see Bath, hot — b. Air, warm, see
Bath, hot.
Bath, Al'kaljsk, Bal'iieum alknli'nmn. This
uiay be madeof half a pound or a pound of ;)Pff)-;-
ash or of carbonate of soda, to sixty-six gallons
of water.
Bath, An'imal, Balneum anima'le, consists in
wrapping an animal recently killed, or its skin,
around the bodj', or some part of it.
Bath, Axtipsob'ic, Bal'tieum aiitipso'ricnm.
Recommended in cases of itch and other cuta-
neous diseases. {Potass, sulphuret. ^^iv, Aoucb
cong. Ix.)
Bath, Antisyphilit'ic, Bal'tieum nntisi/philit'-
icum, Mercu'rial bath. Made by dissolving from
two drachms to an ounce of the corrosive chloride
of mercury iu sixty gallons of water.
Bath, Aum, Brachilu'vium. A bath for the arm.
Bath, Cold, see Bath, hot — b. Cool, see Bath,
hot.
Bath, Dnv, is one made of ashes, salt, sand,
Ac. Tlie ancients used these frequently for the-
rapeutical purposes.
Bath, Eauth, Arenatio.
Bath, Elec'tuic, (F.) Bain ilecfriqne, consists
in placing the person upon nn insulated stool,
communicating, by a metallic wire, with the
principal conductor of the electrical machine in
action. The Electric Bath i)roduces general ex-
citement of all the functions, and especially of
the circulation and secretions.
Bath, Foot, Pedilu'vium, (F.) Bain de Pied,
a bath for the feet.
Bath, Gelat'inohs, Bal'neum gelatino'sum.
Made by dissolving two pounds of gelatin or f/lue
in a gallon of water. A gelatino-suljihurous bath
may be made by adding a pound of glue, previ-
ously dissolved in water, to the suli)hur bath.
Bath, Genkual, (F.) Bain Entier, is one in
which the whole body is plunged, except the
head; in contradistinction to the ^:)a;(ui/ bath,
Merobalaue' um, J/erobal'ueum.
Bath, Half, Semien'pium, Excalhis'ma, In-
ces'sin, Lices'sns, is one adapted for half the body.
One, for receiving only the hips or extremities, is
also so called.
The Sitz-bath, (G.) Sitzbad, of the hydropa-
thists is a tub of cold water, in which the patient
sits for a variable period.
Bath, Hand, Mauulu'vium, (F.) Rain de Jlain
ou 3launhive, is a bath for the hands.
Bath, Head, CopitiUi'vinm, (F.) Bain de Tele
ou Capitiluve, a bath for the head.
Bath, Hip, Coxwlu'vium, (F.) Bain de Fan-
teuil. Bain de Sieye, is one in which the lower
part of the trunk and upper part of the thighs
are immersed.
Bath, Hot, Balneum Cal'idum, Zcstolu'sia,
(F.) Bain chaud, is a bath, the temperature of
which is 98° and upwards; the Waum Bath
from 92° to 98°; the Tepid Bath, (F.) Bain
Tiede, Balneum tep'idiim. from 85° to 92° ; the
Tempekate Bath, (F.) Bain tewpere. from 75°
to 86°; the Cool Bath, (F.) Bain fraia, from
fi()° to 75°; the Cold Bath, Balneum friy'idum,
Fricjida'rium, (P.) Bain froid, Bain tres froid,
(of some,) from 30° to 60°; and the Vapour
B__ATn, Balneum vapo'rin, (F.) Bain de Vapeur,
Etuvc Hnmide, from 100° to L'30°, and upwards.
See Vaporarium. A Warm Am Bath, or Uoi
Am Bath, consists of air the temperature of
which is raised.
Bath, Med'icated, Balneum Medica'tum, (F.)
Bain medicinal, is a bath, formed of decoctions
or infusions of vegetable substances, or of any
ingredient, introduced into the water for thera-
peutical purposes.
Bath, Mehcurial, Bath, antisvphilitic — b.
Nitro-nmriatie acid, Scott's acid bath— b. Plun^-e,
see Bath. °
Bath, Sand, Balneum Are'ncB, (F.) Bain de
Sable, consists of a vessel filled with sand, and
placed over the fire. Into this vessel, the one is
put which contains the substance to be evapo-
rated. See Psanimismus.
Bath, Sea, Balneum mari'num, (F.) Bain de
mer. A sea-water bath.
Bath, Shower, Implu'vinm, Hydroco'nium, is
one in which the water is made to fall like a
shower on the bodv. See Douche.
Bath, Sitz, see Bath, half.
Bath, Steam, may be formed by introducing
steam into a properly closed vessel in place of
water, as in the water bath.
Bath, Succes'sio.x, TransW'ion bath. A term
BATH
121
BAURAC
applied to the rapid succession or transition from
a cold to a warm or hot bath, or conversely. —
Bell.
Bath. SijM'IIUii, Jlttl'iioin, SHlph'uHs, Snlphu-
rett'vd hiilh. A liath much used in psora, and
other i-hninic cutaneous ali'ections. It may be
composed of two ounces of diluted sulphuric acid,
and eif;ht ounces of sulphuret of potassium added
to each l)ath; or simply of the sulphuret of po-
tassium.
]iATfr, SiTLi'HUR Vapour, see Sulphurous Acid.
Bath, Ta.v. An astrinfrent bath, prepared, at
times, by boiling two or three hiindfuls of ground
oak-bark, — such as is used by tanners — in two
or three quarts of water, for half an hour, and
then adding the decoction to the water of the
bath.
Bath, Tkmpeuate, see Bath, hot — b. Tepid,
see Bath, hot — 1). Transition, Bath, succession —
b. Va[»uur, see Bath, hot, and Vaporarium — b.
AViirm, see Bath, hot.
]5ati(, Watkr, Jiiiliieum Mar'icB seu 3fana,
(F.) Biiia Marie, in chemistry, consists of a ves-
sel filled with boiling water, or salt water, in
which the vessel is placed, that contains the sub-
stance to be evaporated.
Bathing is much employed in the treatment of
disease. The cold bath, esivecially the cold sea
Itath, is a sedative and indirect tonic : the warm
bath a relaxant; and the hot bath a stimulant.
The regular use of the bath is extremely con-
ducive to health ; but if too much indulged in, it
is apt t'> produce injurious cfTects.
BATH ALUM SB 11 IN OS, see Virginia,
Mineral Waters of.
BATH, MINKRAL WATERS OF, Aqva
Jiiithi/'nifp, vel /idd'izce, Aqitcp So/in, Aqnoi Bad'
u/iia;. Celel)riited thermal springs at Bath, in
Eughmd. They contain but little impregnation,
and are chicliy indebted to their temperature,
from 112° to 117° Fahrenheit, for their utility.
The main ingredients are sulphate of lime, chlo-
ride of sodium, sulphate of soda, carbonate of
liine, protoxide of iron, free carbonic acid and
azote.
These waters are employed in the most hete-
rogeneous cases; and are serviceable where the
siuiple thermal springs are indicated, as in rheu-
matism, paralysis, Ac.
BATH SFUINGS, in Berkley County, Vir-
ginia, is a mild carbonated water: temperature
7.'>° Fahr. It is a useful bath in cutaneous affec-
tions, and is said to contain some of the salts of
lime and magnesia.
BA'TIIKH, same etymon; Bobiea'riits, Buli-
vcft'lor, Iliilneii'tor, (F.) liitiijuniir. One who
bathes. Anciently, the name was given to those
that administered baths to the diseased, — the
J^tuvivies of the French. At the present day, in
reuiote districts in tJermany, the country people
call tlioir medical practitioners Biider or 'bath-
men,' and Feldscheeren or 'army barbers.'
BATIllNtJ, sec Bath.
BATHMIS, BnihiiiM, 'base, support.' The
cavitv of a bone, which receives the eminence of
another; and especially the two Foiicties at the
inferior extremity of the humerus into which the
processes of the" ulna are received, during the
flexion and extension of the fore-arm.
BATIIROX. Itiithrum Hi/tpuc'rcitit, Scnynnvm
Hi/>/)nr'rati>i. Bute' lion, 'a stop, a ladder.' (F.)
liaiip d'/Uppoi-role. An instrument, used for the
extension of a limb, in cases of fracture or luxa-
tion. The description of it is to\ind in Galen,
Orib'asins, nml Scultetus, with a figure.
BATH RUM IIIBBOCRATIS, Bathron.
BAT I A, Retort.
BATISSE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ba-
tisse is three leagues from Clermont, in France.
The water is tepid, and contains subcarbonate
and sulphate of soda, sulphates of lime and iron,
muriate of magnesia, and carbonate of lime.
BATOS, Ruhus Idfcus.
BATRACHUS. Ranula.
BATTALISM'US, Jiattaris'mtis, from iJarrapi-
^tiv, 'to stammer.' Balbuties. Stammering with
incapacity to jironounce the R.
BATT'ALUS, liat'tarus, same etjmon. A
stauMuerer, a stutterer.
BATTARISMUS, Battalismus.
BATTARUS, Battalus.
BATTATA VIRGINIANA, Solanum tubero-
sutn.
BATTEMENS DOUBLES, see Bruit du
Coenr fwt'd.
BA TTEMEXT, Pulsation.
BAUDRICOURT, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Baudricourt is a town of France, two leagues
and a half from Mirecourt. The waters are sul-
phureous.
BAiDRUCHES, Condom.
BAUIUN, VALVE OF. Vnlve of Tui/pirs,
V. of Fallo'pius, V. of Vauo'lius, ll'eo-coecal
Vidve, Hco-colic Valve, VaI'vida Ilei, Val'viila
Coli, V. CcF.ei, Oper'culiim Itei,, Sphiueter Ihi,
This name is given to the valve situate trans-
versely at the place where the ileum opens into
the ca'cum, and which Bauhin says he discovered
at Paris, in 1759. It had, however, been pre-
viously described by several anatomists; as by
Vidus Vidius, Postius, &c.
BAUiME, Balsam — h. d'Achr, Balsam, chaly-
beate— h. d'Aitjiii/len, Balsam, chalybeate — b.
d' Ain^rique, see Toluifera balsamum — h. Apo-
plectiqiic. Balsam, apoplectic — b. d'Arra;un, At-
caeus, balsam of; see, also. Balsam of Arcteus —
b. d'Arcpus, Unguentum elemi compositum —
h. Aromatiqne, Balsam, aromatic — b. Uenjoin,
Benjamin — /;. Blatic, see Amyris Oj)obalsanium —
b. du Breeil, Copaiba — b. de Canada, see Pinus
balsamea — 6. de CanneUe, Laurus cinnamomum
— b. de Carpatliie, Balsam of Carpathia — b. de
Ciirtha(jcne, see Toluifera balsamum — b. de Con-
ntniitinople blanc, see Amyris opobalsamum — h.
de Oopaliu, Copaiba — b. Cordiale de Sennerte,
Balsam, cordial, of Scnnertus — b. d'Ean d, feniUea
ridees, Mentha crispa — 6. de FeuiUet, Balsam,
green, of Metz — b. de Fiirraventi spiriluense, Bal-
sam, sjurituous, of Fioraventi — h. de Fonrrroy ou
de Labnrde, Balsam of Fourcroy or Laborde — b.
des Fiinerai/lex, Asphaltum — b. de Galaad, see
Amyris opobalsamum — b. de (roicr/e re, Balsam
of Genevieve — i. Grand, Tanacetura balsainita
— 6, du Grand Caire, see Amyris opobalsamum
— 6. Hi/driodatf, Balsam, iodurette<l — b. Hi/pnoti-
que. Balsam, Hj'pnotic — b. Hi/slerique, Balsam,
hysteric — b. des hides, see Myroxylon Peruiferum
— 6. lodiire. Balsam, ioduretted — b. den Jardiim,
Mentha viridis — b. c/e ii/ctf/e/. Balsam, Lucatelli's
— b. }farie, see Fagara octandra — b. de Mirmie, As-
phaltum— b. Nervin, Balsam, nervous — b. de
Peroii, SCO Myroxylon Pernifcrnni — b. de Saint-
Thonias, see 'J'ohiif'era balsamum — b. du Saniari-
tain, Balsam of the Samaritan — b. Saxon, Balsam,
Saxon — 6. de Siaifre, Balsam of sulphur — b. de
Si/nipathie, Balsam of sympathy — b. Tranipiille,
Balsam, tranquil — b. de To/ii. see Toluifera
balsamum — b. de Van Hie, Vanilla — b. Vert, see
Fagara octandra — b. Vert de Jfctz. Balsam, green,
of Met7 — b. de Vie d'Hnffinnnn. Balsam of Life,
of llofl'mann — b. de 17e de Leiierre, Tinct\ira
aloes eomposita — b. Vrai, see Amyris opobal-
samum— b. Vidnernirede J/i'ii(/ere»-, Ijalsam, vul-
nerary, of Mindererus.
B ATM I EH, Bahamier.
BAURAC. (Arab.) Nitre, or salt in general.
From this word comes Borax.
BAURIN
12 2
BEDFORD
BAURIN, MINERAL WATERS OP. Baurin
is a village four leagues from Roye, department of
Soinine. The waters are strongly chalybeate.
BAVE(F.), S'lli'rn ex nreflueiis, ,Sj)inna, Hit-
mor Stdi'vus. Frothj', thick, viscid saliva, issu-
ing; from the mouth. This drivelling or nlorer-
ing, we see in children, old people, <fec. The term
is, al^o, applied to the frothy liquid, which flows
from the mouth of rabid animals. Sauvages uses
it synonymously with salivation.
JiAVI'JUX, lifiveime, an epithet, occasionally
applied by the French to the spongy flesh of a
wound, which suppurates, and exhibits but little
tendency to heal.
BAY, CASTOR, Magnolia glauca— b. Rose,
Rhododendron ehrj-sanlhemum — b. Rose, Ame-
rican, Rhododendron maximum — b. Sweet, Lau-
rus — b. \Vhite, Magnolia glauca and M. macro-
phylla.
BDALSIS, Sucking.
BDELLA, Ilirudo.
BDEL'LIUM, }fi))-rlm imperfec'ta, Bolchnn,
Madelcoit, BahhiiK. A gumfe.*in, brought from
the Levant and India, and supposed to be ob-
tained from a species of Ami/ris, little known.
It is solid, brittle, of a deep brown colour, of an
acrid and hitter taste, and sweet odour. It was
much vaunted by the ancients, but is now little
employed. Two ditferent gum-resins have been
in the shops, distinguished by the names fiidinu
and A/rirnn bdellinm. I)r. Royle was informed
that tiie former was obtained from Arn'yris Coni-
niiph'uf)!, growing in India and Madagascar.
The latter is said to be from Heudelo'tia A/ri-
ca'iin, which srovvs in Senegal.
BDELLOM'ETER, from iSScUa, 'a leech,'
(/Ji^fXXu), ' I suck,') and utrpov, ' measure.' An in-
strument, proposed as a substitute for the leech ;
inasmuch as we can tell the quantity of blood ob-
tained by it, whilst we cannot by the leech. It
consists of a cupping-glass, to which a scarifica-
tor and exhausting syringe are attached.
BDELLUS. Fart.
BDELYOMIA, Fart.
BDKLYCJMUS, Fart.
BDESMA, Flatulence.
BDOLUS, Fart.
BE.\D TREE, Melia Ar.ednraeh.
BEAL. Phlegmon, to Suppurate.
BKALING, Pregnant.
BEAN, CARTHA(JENA, Ilahilla de Cartha-
gena — b. Egyptian, Nymphrea nehitnbo — b.
French, Phaseolus vulgaris — b. Garden, com-
mon, Vicia faba — b. Indian, Catalpa — b. Kidney,
Phaseolus vulgaris — b. Malacca, Avicennia to-
mentosa^b. Pontic, Nympha;a nelumbo — b.
Red, Abrus prccatorius — b. Sacred, Nelurabium
luteura — b. St. Ignatius's, Ignatia amara — b.
Tonka, Dipteri.x odorata — b. Tree, Cutalpa — b.
Tree, white, Crataegus aria.
Br.\n Trkfou. Tree, see Cytisine.
BKARBERRY, Arbutus uva ursi.
BEARD. (Sax.) bear>». (G.) Bart., Barhn,
Piiijon, Geiiei'ou, Barbi'tiiim, (F.) Bnrbe. The
hair which covers a part of the cheek, the lips,
and chin of the male sex, at the age of jiuberty.
BEAR'S BREECH. Acanthus mol!i.^_b. Foot,
Ilellcborus foetidus — h. Fright, Hoptallon gra-
veolens — b. Grass, Yucca filamentosa — b. VVhor-
tleberrv. Arbutus uva ursi.
BE.\R\VEEI), Veratrura viride.
B EASTINGS, Cidostrum.
BEASTLINGS. Colostrum.
BEATING OF THE HEART, see Heart.
BEAUGENCY, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Beaugency is a quarter of a league from Orleans.
The waters contain subcarbonate of soda, iron,
magnesia, and lime. They arc tonic and aperient.
BEAUMONT ROOT, Gillonia trifoliata.
BEAUVAIS.MI^ERALWATERS OF. These
waters are chalybeate. Beauvais is in Picardio,
France.
BEAVER, Castor fiber— b. Wood, Celtis occi-
dentalis. Magnolia glauca — b. Tree, Magnolia
glauca, M. niacrophylhi.
BEBEERIA. see Bebeeru.
BEliEERINE, see Bebeeru.
BEBEERU, Sipeeri. A tree of Briti.'^h Gui-
ana, which yields two alkalies — Bithcciine, Dibve'.
n'lia, lithce' rill ur Bibcriiie, iind Sipreriiitf ; and
in its properties resemldcs the Cinchonas. It haa
been referred to Ncctmi'dnt Jindiei. Ord. Lau-
rinea;. The timber of the tree is known to ship-
builders by tlie name bibiru or greev-heiu-t. The
Sidph<tte <if Ihbcerifi has been employed in inter-
mittents. Warburg'n Fever Diopn, Tinetii'rn tin-
tifebri'iia Wnrbnv'tji, an empirical antipcriodic
preparation, have l)y some been considered to he
a tincture of the seeds of the Bebeeru, Imt thij is
questionable.
BEO, (F.) Bostriim, Beak. This name has been
applied t" various parts.
BEC UORACOIDIEX, (F.) Cor'acoid beak, is
the end of the coracoid process.
BEG BE CUILLER, Hmn'nhis. An instru-
raent used for the extraction of balls. It consists
of an iron rod, 7 or 8 inches long, having at one
extremity a small cavity, into which the ball is
received to be drawn outwards. See Cochleari-
formis.
BEO DE GRUE MUSQUE, Geranium Mos-
chatum — b. de Giue Robertiii, Geranium Roberti-
anuin — -b. de Lieore, Harelip.
BEO BE LA PLUME A ECRIRE (F.),
Bealc of the Calamus Scri]>io' riim, is a small cavity
at the superior part of the medulla oblongata,
which forms part of the 4th ventricle.
BEC, (Le.) mineral WATERS OF. Bee
is six leagues from Rouen, in Normandy. The
water is strongly chalybeate.
BECCABUNGA, Veronica Beccabunga.
BECH^STHE'SIS, from (ir,^, (ip^oi, 'cough,'
and aiaOnaii, ' sensation.' The excitement or de-
sire to cough.
BECHIA. Tussis.
BECHIAS, Tussis.
BE'CIIICS, Be'ehicn, Beeha, Bec'chica. Be>-
chitii, from (irj^. dnX"?' ' cough,' (F.) Bechiques,
Medicines ada|)ted for allaying cough.
BECHITA, Bechic.
BECIIIUM, Tussilago.
BECHORTHOPN(EA, Pertussis.
BECUIBA, Ibicuiba.
BED, HYDROSTATIC, Water bed -b. Water,
Arnott's, see Water bed.
BED'EtJAR, Bedeguar, Bedeguard, Spoii'r/in
Ci/iios'bati, Fiiiigna Roia'rum, F. Ci/iios'bati, (F.)
Pninnie moii/meiise, Epnnge d'eghniticr. An ex-
crescence, which makes its appearance on dif-
ferent species of wild roses, and which is pro-
duced by the puncture of a small insect,— C'j-
nipa RoHoB. It was formerly employed as a
lithontriptic and vormiuige, but is not now used.
It was slightly astring(mt.
BEDFORD, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bed-
ford is a village, situate on tlie great Western
Turnpike road from Philadcljdiia to Pittsburg, a
few miles east of the chief elevation of the Alle-
ghany mountains. The "Springs" are about a
mile and a half from the village. They are saline
and sulphureous. The most celebrated — the
" Mineral Spring" or " Anderson's Spring"— con-
tains carbonic acid, sulphate of magnesia, chlo-
rides of sodium and calcium, and carbonate of
iron, but none of these articles in great quan-
tity ; hence, the main action of the waters is diu-
BEDLAM
123
BELL METAL
rctic. At Bome distance from the Springs, there
is a chivlylteate water; ami about 10 miles S. W.
oC IJeilforil, at Milliken's Cove, a strong sulphure-
ous spring. The climate of Bedford Springs is
ngreealile. During tlie heat of summer, the
niglits arc generally cool. In the morning of
July 14, lS5;i, the author marked the thermome-
ter, at five o'clock, A. M., at 45°. Three days
before, however, it was at 70° at the same hour.
BEDLAM. M.)rotrophiuin.
BEDLAMITE, Insane.
BEDSTRAW, (Jaliura verum — b. Ladies,
greater, (ialiuni, molhigo, (Jaliuin verum — b.
Rough, Galium asprellum — b. Ladies, rough,
Galium asprellum.
BEE, Sax. heo. A])!n,A. mi:llif'ica seu diimnst'ica,
^li'lix'stt, Mr.Ut'ta, (F.) Abril/e. This insect was
formerly exhibited, when dried and powdered, as
a diuretic.
Bku i>f TiiF, BoNNKT, see Insanity.
BEEBREAD, Propolis.
BEECH, Fagus sylvatica — b. Drop, Orobanche
Virginiaua — b. Drops, false, Ilypopitys lanugi-
nosa.
Berch, Albany, Ptcrospora Andromedca.
Bkki'ii, Mast, see Fagus sylvatica.
BEEDY'S EYES, Viola tricolor.
BEEF ESSENCE, see Beef tea.
Bkbf Tkx, Jh8 bovi' num. An infusion of beef,
much used in debilitating maladies, and in con-
valescence. It may be made as follows: Take
two pounds and a half of lean beef: cut it, in
small pieces, into three partsofiod^crin an earthen
pipkin : let this simmer, but never boil, until the
liquor is consumed to a pint and a half: tlien
strain carefully. It ought to be entirely free
from fat or grease. — Dr. E. J. Seymour.
EHience of beef — as it has been called — maybe
made by putting a pound of good l)eef, freed from
fat, and cut into small i)ieces, into a porter-b(rt-
tle, corking lightly. The bottle must be put into
boiling water, and kept there until the water has
been boiling at least half an hour. As the boil-
ing goes on, the cork may be inserted a little
more tightly, to retain the contents of the bottle.
The juices of the beef are thus separated, and
constitute the 'essence,' which may be seasoned
to the taste. It contains much nutriment.
BE EX, Centaurea bohen.
BEER, Cerevisia — b. Black, see Falltranck —
b. Chowder, see Chowder — b. Pipsissewa, see
Pyrola umbellata.
Bki'-k, Jkws', See Pinus sylvestris — b. Springs,
see Water, Mineral (gaseous.)
Brkr, Spruce, CerccWia Abie'lis, may be
prepared as follows. Take of Esienre of S/jntce,
half a (lint: Pinunto, bruised; Giiujer, bruised;
Hopn, of each, four ounces ; wider, three gallons.
Boil for five or ten minutes; strain, and add of
warm tenter eleven gallons; i/ermt, a pint; Molas-
ses,si's pints. Mi.x and allow to ferment for twenty
Lours. Used as an agreeable drink in summer.
Bker, Tak, see Piuus sylvestris.
BEET, Beta.
BEEST. Colostrnm.
BEESTINGS, Colostrum.
BEETLEWEED', Galax apbylla.
J:KGA IEMENT, Balbuties.
BEGMA. — .according to some, Brefjma, — from
^riaaav w fipnaac^iv., 'to expectorate after cough-
ing.' Coughinir : also, the sputum or expecto-
rated matter.— Hippocrates.
BEGO'NIA. The I'cijonia grnndijlo'rn nnd
B. tnmeiito'sa have astringent roots, which are
used in Peru in cases of hemorrhage, scurvy, low
fevers, Ac.
J3EGUE, Balbus.
BEUEN AlilAD, Centaurea beben — 6, Al-
bum, Centaurea behen — b. Officinarum, Cucu-
balus behen — 5. Itnuge, Siatice limonium — b.
Vulgaris, Cueubalus behen.
BEIIMEX ACKMAR, Statice limonium.
BKIA HALAIjEX, Sempervivum tectorum.
BEIDELSAR, Asclepias procera.
BE 1ST, Colostrum.
BEISTIXGS, Colostrum.
BEISTYN, Colostrum.
BE.JUIO, HabiUa de Carthagena.
BELA-AYE or BE-LAHE, A tonic and
astringent bark of a Madagascar tree. Du-petit-
Thouars and Sonnerat think it may be substi-
tuted for the Simarouba.
BELADAMBOC. A species of convolvulus of
the Malabar coast, which contains an acrid milky
juice. From this a liniment is formed with oil
and ginger, which is used against the bites of
rabid animals.
BE-LAHE. Bela-ave.
BELA-MODAGAM. A kind of Sca'rola of the
Malabar coast, the loaves of which are considered
diuretic and emmcnagogue.
BELAXDRE, (F.) A litter, surrounded with
curtains, in which patients are sometimes carried
to hospitals.
15ELC1IING, Eructation.
BELD, Athrix.
BELEMNOID, Belenoid.
BELEMNOIDES PROCESSUS, Styloid pro-
cesses.
BEL'ENOID, BEL'ONOID, BEL'EMNOID
or BEL'OID, Beletio'i'des or BelcinnoVdia Pro-
(■(■<('«)(», from jSfXof, 'an arrow,' and tiSo;, 'shape.'
This name has been given to styloid processes
in general — ProccHnits beleuo'i'den.
ijELESME, see Bollesmc.
BELESON, Balsam, Mnssronda frondosa.
BKLILLA, Muss.xnda frondosa.
BELlNUiM, Apium Graveolens.
m-AA OCULUS, Belloculus.
BELL, CANTERBURY, Campanula trache-
Hum.
BELLADO.VE, Atropa belladonna.
BELLADON'NA, in tlie Pharmacopoeia of the
United States, is the oDicinal name of the leaves
of Atrop.i Belladonna.
Bi;i,LAno.vxA Baccipera, Atropa belladonna —
b. Trichotoma. Atropa belladonna.
BELLADONNIN, Atropine.
BELLE-BLOME. Narcissus pseudo-narcissus.
BELLE DAME, Atropa belladonna.
BELLEGU. Myrobalanus.
BELLEREGT, Myrobalanus.
BELLESME, MINERAL AVATERS OF.
Bellesme is about three leagues from Montague,
in France. The waters are chalybeate.
BELLEY, MINERAL WATERS OF. The
waters at Belley, department of Ain, in France,
are saline ajierients.
BELLFLOWER, Narcissus pseudo-narcissus.
BELLIDOIDES, Chrysanthemum leucanthe-
mum.
BELLIS, Belbis, ('pretty,') Bellh peren'ms
seu minor seu hiirten'als. Sj/m'pJii/tnm tiiiii'imiim,
Briiineworf, Common Daixy, (Sc.) Eire-ijnica»,
(Prov.) Tiairnicnrts, (F.) Paquerette viriicr, pelile
MarriKerite. Ord. CompositiB. The leaves and
flowers are rather acrid. They were, atone time,
eonsiilered to cure different species of wounds.
See Osmitopsis asteriscoides.
Bellis Houtexsis, Bellis — b. Major. Chrysan-
themum leueanthemutn — b. Jlinor, Bellis — h.
Porennis, Bellis — b. Pratensis, Chrysanthemum
leuoanthemum.
BELLIT, Athrix.
BELL METAL, Cal'coeos, (F.) Ahnin, Mdal
dea cloches. An alloy of copper, zinc, tin, and a
BELLOCULUS
124
BERBERIS
small quantity of antimony, used for making
bolls. The inortiirs of the apothecary are often
formed of this material. They require to be kept
clean, to avoid the formation of verdigris.
BELLOCULUS, Thli Oc'ulng. A kind of gem,
whieii the Assyrians considered efficacious in the
cure of many diseases. The}' imagined that the
figure of an eye could be seen in it, and hence its
uariie. Ili-rK Ei/<', from the god BeL
BKLLON, Colic, metallic.
BELLOfAS. SCO Ile.x major.
BELLOWS' SOUND, Bruit de soufflet — h. s.
Encephalic, see Bruit de snujfht.
Bkllows' Sound, Funic, a single raurmur of
the bellows kind, synchronous with the first sound
of the heart; heard by some observers, and re-
ferred by them to diminished calibre of the um-
bilical arteries, either by pressure or stretching
of the funis, or both.
Bellows' Sound, Plackntal, Brxiit placen-
ta ire.
BELLWORT, SMALLER, Uvularia perfoliata.
BELLY, Ve?iter, from Ir. bol(}, 'the belly, a bag
or pouch' [?]. At the present day, the abdomen.
Formerly, all the splanchnic cavities Were called
bellicH ; — the lower belli/, venter in'fiinun, being
the abdomen ; the middle belly, venter me'dius,
the thorax ; and the upper bell i/, venter sujjre'mus,
the head. Also, the womb. See Veuter.
BELLY-ACII, Colica.
BKLi,y-ACH, DuY, Colica metallica.
Bki.i.v-aoii Root, Angelica lucida.
BELLY-BAND, Belt, Russian.
BELLY-BOUND, Constipated.
BELLY. GOD, Glutton.
BELLY-HARM, Colic.
BELLY, POT, Physeonia.
BELLY-THRA, Colic.
BELLY-TIMBER, Aliment.
BELLY-WARK, Colic.
BELMUSCIIUS, Hibiscus abelmoschus.
BELNILEG, Myrobalanus.
BELOID, Belenoid.
BELOIDES PROCESSUS, Styloid processes.
BELONE, Needle.
BELONODES, Styloid.
BELONOID, Belenoid.
BEL'S EYE, Belloculus.
BELT, RUSSL\N, ]'e?«</-a7e,— vulgarly, Belly-
land, — Abdominal supporter. Abroad bandage
applied to the abdomen, so as to support, and make
methodical pressure upon it. Difterent forms have
been termed obntetric binders, utero-abdominal
supportem, &c.
BELUL'CUM, from jScXof, 'a dart,' and 'tX/fM,
'I draw out.' An instrument used for extracting
darts or arrows. Many instruments of this kind
have been noticed by surgeons. — Ambrose Pare,
Fabricins ah Aqnapendeute.
BELZOE, Benjamin.
BELZOIM. Benjamin.
BELZOIXUM, Benjamin.
BEN, Gnilandina moringa — b. of Judsea, Ben-
jamin— b. Nut. (iuilandina moringa.
BEXATIL Pustule.
BEXEDICTA SYLVESTRTS, Oeum rivale.
BENEDICTUM LAXATIVUM, Confectio
sennas.
BEXEFICE BE LA NATURE, Beneficium
naturrc — b. de Ventre, see Boncficium naturae.
BENEFICIUM NATU'RiB, (F.) lienfjiee de
la n'ltnre. This term is used by the French pa-
thologists for cases in which diseases have got well
without medical treatment. With them, B/'nefice
de nntnri, or fS. de ventre, is synonymous also with
Alvi Pniflu'viiim ; — a spontaneous diarrhoea, often
acting favourably either in the prevention or cure
of disease.
BENEL, Croton racemosum.
BENEOLENS, from bene, 'well,' and olere, 'to
smell.' Eito'des, Snaveokns. A sweet-scented
medicine, as gums, Ac.
BENU, Bangue.
BENGALE INDORUM. Cassumuniar.
BENGAL ROOT, Cassumuniar.
BENGI, Hyoscyamus.
BENIGN', Benig'nns, EnetU'es, (F.) Bfnin,
Benigne. Diseases of a mild character are so
called : as well as medicines whose action is not
violent, as a, Benign Fever, Febria beni'j'na iiiipu'-
tris, <fec.
BENIN, Benign.
BEN'JAMIN, corruption of Ben'znin, Bcnzo'-
innni (Ph. U. S.), B. verum, Anna odora'ta seu
dnlcis, Benjui, Benjuin, Asa or Beu'Jaoy, Henjo'-
innm, Belzue, Belzoim, Ben'zoe, Sty'raeis Benzo'-
ini Bal'samum, Liquor Ci/reni'aens, Croton Ilen-
zoe, Ben of Judce'a, Acor Benzo'in us, S<(1 A c"idum
seu essentia'le seu volat'ile Benzoes, (F.) Benjoin,
Baume Benjoin, Assa donx. A resinous, dry,
brittle substance, the concrete juice of Sii/iyi.c
Benzoin, Arbor Beniiri, Laurus Benzoin, of Su-
matra. The odour is extremely fragwint, and
taste slightly aromatic. It is prineii)ally used
for the preparation of the acid which it contains.
It is also employed in some vulnerary tinctures,
and as an expectorant. Benzoic Acid, A<:"idnin
Benzo'icum, is obtained from it by sublimation.
The purest Benjamin is in amygdaloid masses:
hence called (F.) Benjoin amygdalo'ide.
Benjamin Bush, Laurus benzoin.
Bp^n.tamin, Flowei!R of, Ben'zoic Acid, Ac"-
iduni Benzo'icum seu Benzoyl icum, Flores Benzoes
sell Benzo'ini, Ac'*{diim Benzo'ieum per snblinia-
tio'nem, (F.) Acide Benzoique, Fleurs de Benjoin.
This acid exists in all the balsams, but chiefly in
Benzoin, from which it is obtained by sublima-
tion. It is in vanilla, canella, the urine of in-
fants, and of herbivorous animals. Its odour is
aromatic and fragrant; taste hot, slightly acidu-
lous, and agreeable. The crystals consist of
white, satiny flakes, slightly ductile. It is pro-
bably stimulant; and has been used, as such, ia
chronic catarrh; but it has little efficacy.
BENJAOY, Benjamin.
BENJOIN, Benjamin.
BEN.JOINUM, Benjamin.
BEN.JUL Benjamin.
BEN MOENJA. A Malabar tree. An alexi-
pharmic decoction is made of its roots, in the
country, which is much praised in cases of malig-
nant fever. Its bark, boiled with Calamus aroma-
ticus and salt, forms a decoction used in bites of
poisonous serpents.
BENNE, Sesamum orientale.
BENNET, HERB, Geum urbanum, and G.
Virginianum.
BENOITE, Geum urbanum — h. Aq)(at!qtie,
Geum rivale — b. des Jtuisseau.r, Geum rivale —
b. de Virginie, Geum Virginianum.
BENZENE, Benzole.
BENZIN, Benzole, see Anaesthetic
BENZOATE OF AMMONIA, Ammonia; ben-
zoas,
BENZOE, Benjamin.
BENZOENIL* Vanilla.
BENZOIN, Benjamin — b. Odoriferum, Laurus
Benzoin.
BEN'ZOLE, Benzin, Benzene, T'hene, Ify'dru-
ret of Pheu'yle. A constituent of coal-gas tar,
obtained by distilling coal naphtha. It is a co-
lourless, oleaginous liquid, of agreeable odour.
Sp. gr. 0-85. The vapour, when inhaled, acts as
an anajsthetic.
BERBERINE, sec Oxyacantha Galeni.
BERBERIS, Oxyacantha Galeui — b. Cana-
y densis, see Oxyacantha Galeni.
BERBINE
125
BEZOAR
BET! BINE, Verliena officinalis.
lihltCI-!. Ilcriicleuin s])()ndylium.
BEKEXDAROS, Ocyinum basilicum.
BEKKNICK, Suecinuiu.
BEIIKNICIUM. Potnssa) nitras.
BKIiKN ISKCUiM, Artemisia vulgaris.
BEK(JAM()T', nn,;jnm.,te, Benjnmot'ta, (F.)
BerijiiiiKiitit. A sin;ill orange, of a very agreeable
taste. Jind peculiiir odour. From its rind an oil,
Oleum /itri/u'niii (Ph. U. S.), is obtained, which
js tnu<-li employed as a perfume, and sometimes
in miMliciue. See Citrus mella rosa.
BEK'IIJERI, BciU'ria, Syn'clonus Benbe'-
rin, fiiduHt/n'cloniiH, J'driit'i/nig Bcr'iheri, from
heri in the Singhalese language, which signifies
' weakness ;' therefore, licriieri, ' grout weakness.'
This word is also said to be Iiinduslhanee, and
to mean a eheap. — Bontius. Beriberi is an In-
dian disease, little known in Europe. It con-
sists in debility and tremors of the limbs, — some-
times, indeed, of the whole body; with painful
numbness of the atfected parts, &c.: — the patient
walking doubled, and imitating the movements
of sheep ! Some authors have esteemed it rheu-
matic ; others, paralytic; others, to be a kind of
chorea. It is, almost always, incurable; is rarely
fatal; and is treated by exercise, stimulant fric-
tion, sudorifies, <fec. It is sometimes called
Bar'biera, but this would seem to be a different
disease.
BEBTCOCCE. Prunus armeniaca.
BEltKLKY SPRINGS, see Bath Springs,
BHIirj': XODIFLORE, Slum.
BERL UE, Metamorphopsia.
BER.MU'DAS, CLIMATE OF. Pulmonary
invalids are occasionally sent to Bermuda, but
the principal objection to a winter residence
there, is the prevalence of strong winds; espe-
cially of the dry, sharp, and cold north-west
winds, during the winter and spring. Still, it
affords a goud winter retreat for the phthisical,
from any part of the United States, provided due
care be soli'ctcd in choosing a suitable locality.
The neighbuurhood of Hamilton has been strongly
recommended with this view.
BERXARD THE HERMIT, Cancellus.
BERRIE."^. INDIAN, see Menisi)ermum coc-
culus — b. Turkey, yellow, see Piper cubeba.
BERS. A sort of electuary, composed of pep-
per, seed of the white hyoscyamus, opium, euphor-
bium, saffron, &c. The Egyptians used it as an
excitant. — Prospero Alpini.
BERU, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bern is
in Champagne, Franco. The waters are slightly
chalybeate.
BERULA. Slum nodiflorum — b. Angustifolia,
Sium nodiflorum.
BESASA. Kuta.
BESfOLES. Spectacles.
BESOLV, Want— 6. de Rcujyirer, see Want —
h. de In Vif, Necessar}' of life.
BESS AN EM. A word used by Avicenna, for
redness of the skin, limbs, and face, produced by
the action of cold.
BESSOX. ) c r. 11
BESSONXE, 1 ^'' Gemellus.
BETA. The Beet, Si'c'ida, (F.) Bette, Beffe-
rave. Family/, Chonopodesc. i'cx. ■%«(. Pentan-
dria Digynia. A genus of plants, of which the
following are the chief varieties :
Bkta lly'iuuiiA, Bor)t of Searciti/. Root red,
outside; white, within. Very nutritive; yields
sugar.
Beta Vui.oA'nis Ai.ba, White Beet. The root
jields sncar, and the leaves are eaten as a sub-
stitute for spinach.
Beta Vii.oa'kis Ri'bua. Bed Beet. Root red
and nutritive; yields a small quantity of sugar. I
BETAYNE, Betonica officinalis. I
BETEL, Piper Betel, Chavica hetle. A species
of pepper, cultivated in several parts of India.
The East Indians are in the habit of chewing
the leaves with lime and areca; and they give
the name IJetel to this preparation. It is used in
all the equatorial countries of Asia. Betel is said
to be tonic and astringent. It is also called i?e«c,
Beire, Betle. See Areca.
BETHKOOT, Trillium latifolium — b. Broad-
leaf, Trillium latifolium.
BETISE, Dementia.
BETOIXE, Betonica officinalis — ft. de» Mnv.
tn>T)ies, Arnica moutaua — i. des Savoyurdu, Ar-
nica montana.
BETOX, Colostrum.
BETONICA AQUATICA, Serophularia aqua-
tica.
Beton'icA OFFICtXA'LIS, B. jnirpn'rea, Vet-
ton'ien, Centron, Bet'uny, Wood Betnny, (Old
Eng.) Bettiyite, Pnychot' rophiim, Veroni'ca piir-
pii'rca, (F.) Betoiiie. Order, Labiata;. .SV-.r. Si/xt.
Didynamia Gymnospermia. Betony was in much
esteem amongst the ancients, who employed the
flowers and leaves, in decoction, in gout, sciatica,
cephalalgia, &c. It was so called, according to
Pliny, from being in great repute among the Vet-
tones or Bettones, an ancient people of Spain.
Antonius Musa is said to have written a volume
in praise of it; recommending it in no less than
47 different diseases. It has, however, little or
no virtue. The leaves are said to be aperient,
and the root emetic.
Betonica Paui.i, Veronica.
BETONY, Betonica officinalis— b. Paul's, Ly-
copus sinuatus, Lycopus Virginicus. Veronica — ■
b. Water, Serophularia aqualica — b. AVuod, Beto-
nica officinalis.
BETRE, Betel,
BKTTK, Bctu.
BETTKUAVE, Beta.
BET'ULA ALBA, Y.r,yivSa. The Birch, (So.)
Birk, (F.) Bonlenii conmiini. Order, Bctulaceae.
The 3'oung leaves are slightly odorous, astrin-
gent, and bitter. They are applieil to wounds
and ulcers. They have been regarded as anti-
scorbutic and anthelmintic. The tree furnishes
a saccharine juice, which is considered antiscor-
butic and diuretic.
Betiii^a Emahginata, Alnus glutinosa — b. Glu-
tinosa, Alnus glutinosa.
Bktula Lenta, Siceet Birch, Blnvk Birch,
Cherry Birch, Mountain 2fitho(jciny, is an Ame-
rican species, the bark and leaves of which have
the smell and taste of Gaultheria procumbens.
An infusion is sometimes niadeof them, and used
as an excitant and diaphoretic. The volatile oil
is nearly, if not wholly, identical with that of
Gaultheria.
JIEURRE, Butter — 6. de Bnmbouc, Butter of
bambouc — h. de Cacao, Butter of cacao — b. de
Coco, Butter of cocoa — b. Vetjetale, Persea gratis-
sima.
BEUVRIGNY, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Beuvrigny is in the vicinity of Bayeux, in Nor-
mandy. The water is chalybeate.
BEVERAGE, Drink.
BEVUE, Diplopia.
BEX, Tussis— b. Convulsiva, Pertussis— b. Hu-
mida. Expectoration — b. Theriodcs, Pertussis.
BEXIS, Tussis.
BEXU'GO. Under this name, a purgative
root was formerly introduced into Europe from
Peru. It is supposed to have been the root of a
Ilippocratea.
BEZ'O.AR, i?f2'<7«r, Bez'ehard, Pa'znhar, from
Persian Pa, 'against,' and zahar, poison. Lapis
Bezoar'dicux, Cal'culus Bez'oar, Eiitcrol'ithiiK Be-
zour'dua, Bczoard. A calculous concretion, found
B^ZOARD D'ALLEMAGXE 126
Bicno
in the stomach, intestines, and bladder of ani-
mals. Wonderful virtues were formerly attri-
buted to these Bezoars. There were two great
varieties: the liez'unr orientn'le, Aii'imal Ih-zonr'-
ticiim orieiita'le, formed in the fourth stomach of
the gazelle of India {Gazel'lit lu'dica, or rather
Aiitito'piis cerricn'pni :) and the Bez'onr occiden-
t't'le. Aiiimiil Brz'ini'ticiim occidentn'le, found in
the fourth stomach of the wild yont or chamois
of Peru. These substances were esteemed to he
powerful alexipharmics ; but the former was the
more valued. It was believed that no poison,
and no eruptive, pestilential, or putrid disease,
could resist its influence. As so many virtues
were ascribed to it, other animal concretions were
substituted for it; and factitious Bezoards were
made of crabs' eyes and claws, bruised and mixed
with musk, ambergris, (fee.
Bez'oar Bovi'num, (F.) Bezoard de Bceuf, Be-
eoard of the beef. A concretion formed in the
fourth stomach of beeves; also, a biliary calcu-
lus found in the gall-bladder.
Bez'oard of the Deer, B. of the Lnch'rymal
Fossd of the Deer, Deer's Tenrs. A moist, highly
odorous, fatty matter, found below the anterior
canthus of the orbit of the red deer — Cervim el'e-
phas. It has been used, like castor, as an anti-
spasmodic, in the dose of from 5 to 15 grains, two
or three times a day.
Bezoar EQui\iisr, Bezoard of the horse — b.
Hystrieis, Bezoard of the Indian porcupine.
Bez'oard op Cavmax. This was once much
prized. It is now unknown.
BEZOARD D'ALLEMAGNE, iEgagropila.
Bez'oard of the Chamois, and B. of the
Horse, Beznnr eqni'num, Hippol'ithm, &c., exhi-
bit their origin in the name.
Bez'oard of the Inoian Por'ciipine, Bez'oar
ffi/n'tricii, Lfipi's Purci'iiHS seu llriliiceii'ah, Petro
del Form, (F.) Bezoard de Pore-Epic, was for-
merly the dearest of all the Bezoards, and was
sold at an enormous price in Spain and Portu-
gal.
Bez'oard, Mineral, Antimonium diaphoreti-
cum — b. Vegetable, see Calappitc.
BEZOAR'DIC, Bezonr'diciis, (F.) Bezortrdiqne ;
concerning the bezoard. Bezoardic medicines are
those supposed to possess the same properties
with the bezoard; as antidotes, ale.xiteria, alexi-
pharmics, cordials.
BEZOARDICA RADIX, Dorstenia contra-
yerva,
BEZOAR'DICUM SATUR'NI. A pharma-
ceutical preparation, regarded by the ancients as
antihysteric. It was formed of jirotoxide of lead,
butter of antimony, and nitric acid.
BEzoAR'nicnsi Hcma'num. Urinary calculi
were formerly employed under this name as
powerful alexipharmics.
Brzoau'dicum JoviA'Li5. A sort of greenish
powder, used as a diaphoretic, and formed of an-
timony, tin, mercury, and nitric acid.
BkzuAr'dicdm Luna'pe. A medicine formerly
regarded as a specific in epilepsy, convulsions,
megrim, ko. It was prepared of nitrate of sil-
ver, and butter of antimony.
BrzoAR'Dicuir Martia'lij. A tonic medicine,
nsed by the ancients in diarrhoea. It was pre-
pared from the tritoxide of iron and butter of
antimony.
Bkzoar'dictim Mercuria'lk. A medicine,
formerly vaunted as an antisyphilitic, and pre-
pared from the mild chloride of mercury, butter
cf antimony, and nitric acid.
Bp.zoAR'Dicuir Minera'le; the deutoxido of
antimony; so called because its properties were
6U))posed to resemble those of animal bezoard.
Bszoak'dicum Sola'ee. A diaphoretic medi-
cine, prepared of gold filings, nitric acid, and
butter of antimony.
Bezoar'dioiim Ven'erts. A pharmaceutical
preparation, formerly employed in Icprn, diseases
of the brain, <fee.; which was made from filings
of copper, butter of antimony, and nitric acid.
BIIANG, Bangue.
BI, as a prefix to words, has the same signi-
eation as l)i.
BIAIOTIIANATI, Biothanati,
BIBERINE, see Bebeeru.
BIBFRU, Bebeeru.
BIBITORIUS, Rectus internus oenli.
BlBLIOd'RAPlIY, MED'ICAL, from Pi^Xinv,
'a book,' and ypa0w, 'I describe.' A descri[)tion
or history, or skill in the knowledge, of medical
books. The most distinguished medical biblio-
graphers have been : J. A. Van df.r Lindem,
Auistelod. Ifi62, octavo, (L.) M. Lii>enu's,
Francf. ad Mcem. 1679, fol. (L.) G. A. Merck-
I.EIN, Norimb. 1086, (L.) J. J. Manoet, Genev.
1695 to 17.31, (L.) Tarin (anatomical), Paris,
175.'], (P.) A. vox IIaller, Ziirich, 1774, Ac,
(L.) ViGiLiis vox CRtiETZENFELD (surgical),
Vindob. 1781, (L.) C. G. Kuhx, Lips. 1791, (L.)
C. L. Schweikard (anat., phys., and legal medi-
cine), Stuttgard, 1 796 to 1 800, (L.) G. G. Plouc-
QUET, Tubing. 1808 to 1814, (L.) C. F. Burdach,
Gotha, 1810 to 1821, (G.) ,1. S. Ersch, (since
1750). Leipz. 1822, (G.) Tn. Cii. Fr. Ensux,
(of Germany, since 1750.) Berlin, 1826, (G.)
J. B. MoNTFALoox, Paris, 1827, (F.) J. Forbes,
M.D., F.R.S., London, 18.35. A. C. P. Calli-
SEX, Copenhagen, 1845, (G.) E. Morwitz, Leip-
zig, 1849, (G.)
BICAIIDALIS, Retrahens auris.
BICAUDA'TUS, «n«/a'^(«, from i/, and candn,
'a tail;' 'double- tailed.' A monster having two
tails.
BTCEPIIA'LIUM, Dicepha'Unm. A hybrid
word, from hi and Ktipa\ri, 'head.' Sauvages ap-
plies this epithet to a very large sarcoma on the
head, which seems to form a double head.
BTCEPHALUS, Dicephalus.
BICEPS, from bi, and caput, 'head.' That
which has two heads. This name has been par-
ticularly given to two muscles; one belonging to
the arm, the other to the thigh.
Biceps Exter'ncs Miis'culus. The long por-
tion of the Triceps Brachin'lis. — Douglas.
Biceps Flexor Cruris, B. Cruris, Biceps,
(F.) Biceps Crural, Biceps JFerd'oris, Is'chio-fem'-
oro-peroiiier — (Ch.) A muscle on the posterior
part of the thigh ; one head arising from the tu-
berosity of the ischium, and the other from a
groat part of the linea aspera. It is inserted into
the top of the fibula. It serves to bend the leg
on the thigh.
Biceps^ Flexor Cu'biti, Biceps, B. Bra'chii
seu nianvs seu inter'nus seu iiiter'nna hii'meri,
Cor'aco-radia'lis, (P.) Seapulo-radiaf, (Ch.)—
Biccp-i Brachial. A muscle, situate at the ante-
rior and internal part of the arm ; extending
from the edge of the glenoid cavity and from the
top of the coracoid process to the tuberosity of
the radius. It bends the fore-arm upon the arm.
BWFIE DE MEll Sea Slv;j. A molluscous
anmial, belonging to the genus Ilolothuria, which
is caught amongst the islands of the Feejee group.
New Guinea, <fec., and when prej)ared finds a
ready sale in China, where it is used as an ingre-
dient in rich soups.
BfCHET, Terra Orleana.
BlCHICiri^E, probably corrupted from M,
Pvxoi, 'cough.' Pectoral medicines, composed
of liquorice juice, sugar, blanched almonds, Ac.
— Rhazes.
BICIIIOS, Dracunculus.
BICHO, Dracunculus— b. di Culo, Proctocaco,
Bicnos
127
BINDWEED
IBICnOS. A Portuguese name for the worms '
that petu'irate the toes of people in the Inilies ;
and which are destroyed by the oil of the cashew
nut.
UrCTP'ITAL, from hicepii {hi and caput), 'two
headed.' llelating to the biceps.
Bicip'iTAT, Groove, (F.) Coulinse ou Goutticre
hii'ijiilalc, CoidiuHe hiimerale, (Cn.,) is a loni^itu-
dinal f;ri)ovo, situate between the tul)er()sities of
the OS humeri, which lodges the long head of the
biceps.
BiCIP'lT.VL Tu'bercI,K, BlrJpitnl tiiheros'iti/,
(F.) Tiihfrosite hici/iltitic ; a prominence near
the upper extremity of the radius, to which the
temlon of the biceps is attached.
niCORXH liUDE, Ditrachyceros.
BICUS'PII), Ih'ciixpida'tiis, from hi and cvupis,
'a spear.' That which has two points or tuber-
cles.
Licrs'piT) Truth, Dentei BicuRpidn'ti, (F.)
DentH liiruKptdfen. The small molarcs. See Molar.
BIDDY, Pedieulus.
BIDEXS ACMKLLA, Spilanthus acmclla.
BIDKT, (F.) Jiidet ; pronounced beedx;/. A
small horse formerly allowed to each trooi)er for
carrying his baggage. Hence, perhaps, applied
to a chamber bathing apparatus, which has to be
bestridden. It is a useful arrangement, in case
of hemorrhoids, prolapsus ani, affections of the
sexual organs, &c.
BIKCIIO, Bische.
JilERE, Cerevisia— t. Medicinale, see Cerevi-
sia.
BIESTINGS, Colostrum.
lUFKMORO-CALCANlEN, Gastrocnemii.
BI'FURCATIOX, Bifnt-cn'tlo, from hi and
fiircn. 'a fork.' Division of a trunk into two
branches; as the hi/urcatioii of the trachea,
aorta, Ac.
BIGARADE, see Citrus aurantium.
BIGAl^TKH. Digastricus.
BKiBKLLIED. Abdominous.
BKi BLOOM, Magnolia niacrophylla.
BKJBOXE, see Kentucky, Mineral Waters of.
BIGPAUNCHED, Abdominous.
BIGEMINAL BODIES, Quadrigemina tuber-
cula.
niGGAR. A disease of Bengal, remarkable
for the intensity and danger of the cerebral
symptoms. — Twining.
BIG-LEAF, Magnolia macrophylla.
BIGLESt, see Strabismus.
BIGNO'NIA CAPREOLA'TA, 5. crncig"era;
indigenous. The root and plant are employed,
like sarsaparilla, in infusion and decoction, in
syphilis, chronic rheumatism, and in cachexias
in general.
BiGNONi.4 Catat.pa, Catalpa— b. Crucigera, B.
capreolata.
Bigno'nia iN'riCA. The leaves are employed
in India, as emollients, to ulcers.
BiGNONiA Leucox'vt.on-, Tnnnpet tree. A South
American tree, the sap of which is the surest an-
tidote against the manchineol. — Schleiden.
BinxoxiA Radicans, Tecomaradicans — b. Sem-
pervirons, Gelseminum nitidum.
r.T.TOX. see Pinus sylvestris.
BIKII. Aconitum ferox.
BILATE OF SODA, PicromeL
BIL\TER \L SYMMETRY, see Svmmetrv.
BILAZ.\Y. MINERAL WATERS OF. Bila-
7ay is a town in France, two leagues from Thouar,
department of Deux Sevres, near which is a ther-
mal sulphureous spring. Temperature about 77°
Fahrenheit. .„ , -n i
BILBERRY, Yaccinium myrtillus— b. Red,
Vaccinium vitis idita.
BILE, Bilia, Fel, Chol'os, Chole, Cholcr, (F.)
Bile, FieJ. A yellow, greenish, viscid, bitter,
nauseous fluid, secreted by the liver. It is dis-
tinguished into hepatic and cystic ; according as
it flows immediately into the duodenum from the
liver or from the gall-bladder. It contains, ac-
cording to Muratori, water; a peculiar fatty
matter; colouring matter {Cholepi/r'rhin or Bili-
phcp.'iii, Matiire Jaime de la Bile; cholcsterin,
combined with soda; picromcl or biliii ; extract
of flesh, mucus; soda, phosphate of soda; phos-
phate of lime, and chloride of sodium.
The use of the bile is to remove from the body
superfluous hydro-carbon ; and it is j)robably in-
servient to useful purposes in digestion.
Bir>E, Furunculus — b. Black, Atrabilis — h. de
Bci'iif, see Bile — h. Bepantlne, Icterus.
Bile op the Bear, Gall of the Bear, Fel Umi,
was thought to be anti-epileptic ; 'and that of the
Eel, Fel a7i(juil'l(B, to facilitate labour.
Bile of the Ox, Gall of the Ox, Ox Gall, Fel
Taiiri seu Boris seu Bovi'unm, (F.) Bile ou Fiel
ou Atner de Bieuf, was once reputed cosmetic and
detergent, anti-otalgic and emmenagogue; as
well as to possess the power of facilitating labour.
It has also been given as a bitter stomachic and
anthelmintic; and as a tonic and laxative, in
cases of deficiency of the biliary secretion.
Bile op the Swine, Bilis porei'ua, inspissated,
has been used in the same cases as the bile of
the ox.
BIL'IARY, Bilia' ris, Bilia' riiis, Fel'leua,
(F.) Biliaire. That which relates to bile.
Bil'iahy Appaua'tus, JL onjans, B. passar/es.
The collection of parts that concur in the secre-
tion and excretion of bile — viz., the liver, pori
biliari or tubuli biliferi ; hepatic, cystic, and
choledoch ducts, and gall-bladder.
Bii/iARY Conciie'tions are concretions found
in some parts of the biliary apparatus.
BiLiAuy Ducts, Pori biliarii.
BlIAEUX, Bilious.
BILIA'TION, Bilia'tio; from hilis, 'bile.'
The excretion of bile; as urination means the
excretion of urine.
BILIFUL'VINE; from hilis, 'bile,' and /«;.
viis, 'reddish yellow.' The colouring matter of
the bile of the ox. — Berzelius.
BILIMBI, Averrhoa bilimbi.
BILIMBING TERES, Averrhoa bilimbi.
BILTN, PicromeL
BIL'IOUS, Bilio'sus, Cliol'iexis, Chnl'i„8, Fel-
lin'eiis, Ej)ich'(dos, Picroeh'olus, Fel'leus, (F.)
Bilieu.v; from hilis, 'bile.' That which relates
to bile, contains bile, or is produced by bile. An
epithet given to certain constitutions and diseases,
which are believed to be the effect of superabun-
dance of the biliary secretion; as Bilious tempe-
ramriit, B. symptoms, B. fever,
BILIPIItEIN, see Bile.
BILIS FLUXIO, Cholera morbus.
BILITICUS, Cholagogue.
BILIVERD'IN, from hilis, 'bile,' and viridis,
'green.' On adding an acid to a solution of the
yellow colouring matter of bile, a precipitate of
green flocculi takes place, which possesses all the
properties of chlorophyll, or the green colouring
matter of leaves. This is the hiliverdin of Ber-
zelius.
BILNA, MINERAL WATERS OF, see Pullna.
BILOCULAR. see Unilocular.
BTLFMni BITING-BING, Mains Indica.
BI'MAXUS, from hi and mainis. 'a hand.'
One that has two hands. A term applied only
to man. because he is the sole mammif'erous ani-
mal that possesses two perfect hands.
BIXDER. Bandage.
BIXDERS. OBSTETRIC, see Belt, Russian.
BINDWEED. Polygonum aviculare — b. Fid-
dle-leaved, Convolvulus panduratus — b. Great,
BINDWOOD
128
BISMUTH
Convolvulus gepium — b. Iledoie, Convolvulus
sepiuui — h. Liivender-leaveil, Convolvulus Can-
tabric;i — h. Sea, Cdiivolvulus soldauclla — b. Vir-
ginian. Cdnviilvulus pan<lurattfs.
BIXDWOOD. Ileiiera helix.
BIXICniirM15A. Phyllanthus urinaria.
BIXOC'UIiAR, Biuitciila'n's : same etymon as
tbe next, lli'lating to or affeetinp; both eyes' — as
'binociildr ii-.iiin' — vision with both eyes; or from
impressions made upon both retinae, which are
amalijimiiited into iii)ii/le vision.
Bl'XOC'ULUS, Biii'ocle, Diophthnl'mica Fan' -
cio. Or' nils diiph.e, from hi and ociilioi, 'an ej'e.'
(F.) CEi! double. A bandage applied over both
eyes. It was also formerly called Divplithnl'-
miis.
BIN'SICA. A Rabbinical terra for disorder
of the mind. Accordinp; to Van IIelmont, an
atrophy of the orjran of imagination.
BIOCIIYMIA, Chymistry, vital.
BlOI). Vis vitalis.
BIODYNAM'ICS, Bindynam'ica, Biodynam'-
ice, Bionoph'ia, frcnn /Sio;, 'life,' and ivvafus,
'power,' 'force.' The doctrine of the vital ac-
tivity or forces.
BIOGAMIA, Mac^netism, animal.
BIOL'OGY, from /?(0f, 'life,' and Xoyo;, 'a de-
scription.' The doctrine of life or of living bo-
dies.— Physiology. " Biolnr/icnl phenomena" are
those presented by living bodies.
B 1 0 L Y C H ' N 1 0 N, Biolych'mnm, from /?iof ,
'life,' and \vxvtov. 'a lamp.' Innate heat, vital
heat, animal heat. Lych'niMn, Lychnid'itim,
TherwHin em'phi/tum, Fhvnma seu Flam'mrda
vita'tifi seu cordis. Also, a secret preparation of
which Bkoitn' and BuncuAVE make mention.
BIOLYSIS, see Biolytic.
BIOLYT'IC, Bio/i/t'icits,- from /?(o?, 'life,' and
>t)ff(f, ' solution.' Relating to the destruction of
life. A 'bioh/fic agent' is one that tends to
liol'i/sis. or destruction of life. A depressing
agent. — Rchnltz.
BI0.-\1AGNETISMUS, Magnetism, animal.
BIONO.-MY, Phvsiologv.
BIOPII^ENOMENOLOGTA, Physiology.
BIOS, (iias. Life. Also, what is necessary for
the preservation of life.
BIOSOPIIIA, Biodynamics.
BIOSTATICS, Statistics, medical.
BIOTAX'Y, Taxon'omij, from /3iof, 'life,' and
rafif, -order, arrangement.' The arrangement or
co-ordination of living organisms, according to
their external characters.
BIOTK. Life.
BIOTHAN'ATI. nimofhmi'nti, from /Sioj,
'life,' and ^avaroi, ' death.' Those who die of a
violent denth very suddenly, or as if there was
no space between life and death.
BIOTIC. Vital.
BIOTICS, Plivsiology.
BIOTOMIA. Vivisection.
BIOTOS. Life.
BIPARl'ETAL, Bipnrieta'Iio, (F.) Biparie-
tnl, from hi and pnrietale (os), 'the parietal bone.'
An epithet for the diameter of the cranium from
one parietal fossa to the other.
BIPARIETAL SUTURE. Sagittal suture.
BIPIX'NA, from hi, and pinna, 'a wing-
feather.' A term used by the ancients for a
diminutive penis, not exceeding in size two
quills.
BIR, Thorax.
BIRA. Cerevisia,
BIRCH, Retiila alba— b. Black, Betula lenta—
b. Cherrr, Betula lenta — b. Sweet, Betula lenta.
BIRDS' BREAD. Sedum acre.
BIRDS' NEST, Ilypopitys lanuginosa.
BIRK, Betula alba.
BIRTII, Parturition — b. Cross, Presentation,
preternatural — b. Live, see Born alive — b. Plural,
see MultiparouH.
BIRTliWOUT, Aristolocbia— b. Snakeroot,
Aristolocliia ser])entaria.
BISCHE, Biecho. A malignant kind of dy-
sentery, which often prevails in the island of
Trinidad.
BISCUIT, Biseoc'tus; bis, 'twice,' and coctiis,
'baked,' (F.) his and ciiit, 'twice baked.' A
kind of dry, hard bread, or cake, which is va-
riously made; and, when without eggs or butter,
is easy of digestion. It was formerly called JJi-
pyri'tes, and Di'pyros. MKr)lc"iNAL on Mi;i)'i.
CATUD Biscuits, (F.) Biscuits Medivindu.c, Musse-
paiiis, Macarons, are occasionally made by add-
ing to biscuit paste a medicinal solution or
powder, and baking the mass.
BISCUIT, MEAT. An alimentarj' prepara-
tion, proposed by Jlr. G. Borden, Jr., of Texas,
which consists in combining the matters, ex-
tracted from meat by boiling, with flour, so as to
form biscuits; which keep well, and are of course
nutritive.
BISCUITS MEDICINA UX, see Biscuit.
BISERMAS, Salvia sclarea.
BISFERIENS, Dicrotus.
BISII, Aeonituin ferox.
BISHOP'S WEED, Ammi.
BISLINGUA, Ruscus hypoglossum.
BISMALVA, Althjea.
BISMUTH, Aiitimo'ninm aJbi/m, CJioI'citm,
Lnna imperfcc'tci, Stannnm (jlncia'le seu cine'rciim,
B ism n't /ill III, Wisinu'thiim, Bei/nliis of Jiis'iinitli,
Mcircuei'ln, Tin (jlnss, (F.) Einin gris, E. de
Glace. A metal, in spieular plates, of a yel-
lowish-white colour; s. gr. 9.822 ; fusible at 40(1°
Fahrenheit, and volatilizable at a high tempera-
ture. It is used only in the preparation of the
subnitrate.
Bismuth, Nitrate op, Bismuth, Subnitrate of
— b. Oxide of. Bismuth, Subnitrate of— b. Oxide
of, white. Bismuth, Subnitrate of— b. Regulus of,
Bismuth.
Bismuth, Subnitrate of, Bismv'tJii svhni'ims
seu JVifras, Jllarcasi'ta alba, Plnmbim ciiie'reum,
Ulagiste'rinm Marcasi'tm seu Bismnthi, liismii'-
tlium Nit'ricum seu Siihnit'ricnm, Kitras Snhbis-
nin'tJiicnm, Ca/x Vismu'thi. Bismn'thiim oxydidii'-
tum album, Bismnthiim, ulhnm, Siibaz'otns hismn'-
ticns. Oxide of Bismnth, Nitrate of Bismuth,
White Bismnth, Trisnitrate of Bismuth, White
Oxide of Bismuth. 3!arj"istery of Bismnth, Pearl
White, Spanish White. (F.) 'Sonsnitrate ou soiis-
azotnte de bismnth. Oxide hlanc de B., Bhnic de
ford, Blanc de perle. (Bismnth. in frnstulis, ^j.
Acid nitric, f ^ij. Aq. deslill. q. s. Mix a fluid-
ounce of distilled water with the nitric acid, and
dissolve the bismuth in the mixture. When the
solution is complete, pour the clear li(|uor into
three pints of distilled water, and set the mixture
by, that the powder may subside. Lastly, having
poured ofi" the supernatant fluid, wash' the sub-
nitrate of bismuth with distilled water, wrap it
in bibulous paper, and dry with a gentle heat.
Ph. U. S.) It is considered to be tonic and
antispasmodic, and has been chiefly used in
gastrodynia.
Bismuth, Trisnitrate of, Bismuth, sub-
nitrate of.
Bismuth, Vat.e'rianate of, Bismn'thi vnleri-
a'nas, Bismn'thum raUriiin'icnm. Prepared by
mixing a neutral solution of oxide of bismuth in
nitric acid, with valerianate of soda ; washing,
and drying the precipitate. Used in g.nstrodynin,
chronic gastralgia, neuralgia, and chronic palpi-
tation, as a nervine. Dose, i a grain to 2 "rains,
three or four times a day, in pill.
BiS-MUTii, White, Bisinuth, suianitrate of.
BISMUTIII NITRAS
]29
BL.ESOPODES
BTSMUTIir NITRAS. Bismuth, subnitrate
of — I). Valoriiiniis, Bismuth, valerianate of.
BISMUTllUM. Bismuth— b. Album. Bismuthi
subnitnis — b. Nitricum, Bismuth, subnitrate of —
b. Oxyilulatuin album, Bismuth, subnitrate of —
b. Subnitric-um, Bismuth, subnitrate of — b. Vale-
rianicum, Bismuth, valerianate of.
BISPIRU.S, Dipnoos.
BIS.SUM, Hydrangea arborescens.
BISTORT, OFFICINAL, Polygonum bistorta
— b. \'irL'inian, Polygonum virgininnum.
BIST'iRTA, Polygonum bistorta.
JilSTOllTE, Polygonum bistorta.
n/STO/lTIER, (F.) A name given by the
Phiinit'ici'eii to a long wooden pestle used for
reducing soft substances to powder, and in the
preparation of electuaries.
lilSTOURI, (¥.) Pislorten'sia yln'dim, Scnl-
pcl'lns, Scnl'pcnm, Din'tonnj. A small cutting-
knife, u.sed in surgery, — so called, according to
lluet, from the town of Pistori, which was for-
merly celebrated for the manufacture of those
instruments. A bistoury has the form of a small
knife, aTid is composed of a blade and a handle.
The blade, which is most commonly movable in
the handle, maybe fixed by a button, spring, &c.
When fixed in the handle, the bistouri is called
by the French. li. il lame fixe ou dormnnte.
The chief bistouries are: — 1. The straight B.
(F.) n. droit, in which the blade and cutting
eilge are straight, the point being fine, round, or
square. 2. The convex B. (F.) /L convene ; the
blade of which is convex at the cutting edge,
concave at the back. 3. The concavb B. (F.)
B. concave ; the blade of which is Concave at its
edge, and convex at the back. 4. Bmint-pointeb
B. (F.) 7i. bniitoini^ ; the blade of which has a
button at its extremity. 5. The blunt or probe-
pointed BisTOi'Ry OF Pott; concave at its cut-
ting edge, and its point blunt; so that it can be
carried on the palmar surface of the index finger,
to divide the stricture, in strangulated hernia.
Sir Astlcy Cooper has recommended a useful
modification of this, to avoid wounding the intes-
tine, shoulil it come in contact with the edge of
the knife. His Bistoury has an edge of not more
than eight lines in length, situate about five lines
from the point. 6. Bistouri a la lime, (F.) is
a straight bistoury ; the blade fixed in the handle,
the extremity with a button, and the edge made
with a file. It is chiefly used for dilating parts.
7. Bistouri Royal, (F.) A Bistouri used in ope-
rating upon Louis XIV., for fistula in ano. 8.
BiSTOUiu GASTRiQtiE. (F.) A Complicated instru-
ment, invented by Alorand, for dilating wountls
of the abdomen. 9. Bistouri caciik, 7?. heniiaiie,
ou Atlrdpc-loiirdaiid de liieiiiKiiie, Forceps de-
cepto'rid. A curveil bistouri, the blade of which
is placed in a canula, whence it issues on pressing
a spring.
The word Jiistonri is used by the French, at
times, where we would employ knife.
BITCH-DAIKJHTER. Incubus.
BITNOIiKN. Salt of nitii'meii, Padnoon, Son-
chcrlooii, Kliala miinuc. A white, saline sub-
Stance, which is a Hindoo preparation of great
antiquity, and has been supposed to be the Sal
anphalti'tes and S((l Sodome'niis of the ancients.
It is used by the Hindoo in the prevention or
cure of almost all diseases.
BITIIXIMAl/CA, Gan'terannr. Two unmean-
ing words, used by Dolaeus, to designate an active
principle supposed to have its seat in the stomach,
and to pre-iide over chymification, &c.
BITIOS DE KIS, Proctocace.
BITTER, Amarus — b. Bark, Pinckneya pu-
hens — b. Bloom, Chironia angularis — b. Holy,
Hiera picra — b. Iledberry. Cornus Florida — b.
Root, Apocynum androsaemifoliuui, Gcntiana
9
Catesbaci, Menyanthes verna — b. Sweet night-
shade, Solanum Dulcamara — b. Sweet vine, So-
lanum Dulcamara — b. Welter's, Acid, earba/.utic.
BIT'TERNESS,vln(flrrj'<H't/o, Amarit'ips, Aiiut'-
ror, Pi'cria, (F.) Amertume. A particular taste,
which belongs to many substances. In some
diseases there is a sense of bitterness felt in the
mouth.
BITTERS, COLUMBO, Tinctura Calumbce —
b. Spirit, Tinctura gentian® composita — b. Wine,
Vinum gentianao compositum.
BITTERSWEET, Solanum dulcamara.
BITTERWEED, Ambrosia trifida.
BITTERWOOD TREE, Quassia.
BITTOS. A disease, in which the chief symp-
tom is an acute pain in the anus. — Chomel.
BITUME DE JUDEE, Asphaltum.
BITUMEN, GLUTINOUS, Pissasphaltum —
b. Judaicum, Asphaltum — b. of Judwa, Asphal-
tum^b. Petroleum, Petrolasnm — b. Malta, Pi.ssas-
phaltum — b. Salt of, Bitnoben— b. Solidum, As-
phaltum.
BIVENTER, Digastricus — b. Cervicis, Corn-
plexus musculus — b. Maxillfe, Digastricus.
BIVENTRAL LOBE OF THE CEREBEL-
LUM, see Lobe, biventral.
BIXA AMERICANA, see Terra Orleana — b.
Orleana, see Terra Orleana — b. Orellana, see
Terra Orleana.
BLABK, Wound.
BLACCIyE, Rubeola.
BLACIA, Debility.
BLACKBERRY, AMERICAN, see Rubus
fruticosus — b. High or Standing, see Rubus fru-
ticosus. — b. Low, Rubus trivialis.
BLACK BOTTLE, see Infusum Sennaj.
BLACK DOSE, see Infusum Sennce.
BLACK DRAUGHT, see Infusum Sennse.
BLACK DROP, Gutt» nigrse.
BLACK LION. A term given to a sloughing
syphilitic ulcer, under which the British soldiers
suffered greatly in Portugal.
BLACK ROOT, Aletris farinosa, Pterocaulon
pycnosta^'hvum. Leptandria purpurea.
BLACKAVATER, Pyrosis.
BLACTIiE, Rubeola.
BLADDA. Buttermilk.
BLADDER, Urinary Bladder.
Bladder, F ascic' ul ated. A condition
of the bladder in which the interior of the
organ is marked by strong reticulated ridges or
columns.
Bladder, Gall, see Gall Bladder — b. Irrita-
ble. Cysterethismus.
Bladder, Sac'culated. A condition of the
bladder, in which the mucous coat protrudes
through the muscular, so as to produce a hernia,
which may go on increasing, so as to form a
vm'ical sac'ctdiia or appen'di.r rpni'ccp..
Bladder, Swim, Air bladder — b. Urinary, see
Urinary Bladder.
BLADEBONE, Scapula.
BLADOCH. Buttermilk.
BLADON SPRINGS. Mineral springs in
Alabama, about 85 miles from Mobile, which are
said to be similar in composition to those of Selt-
zer, Spa, and Aix-la-Chapelle, of Europe.
BLADUM, Ble.
BLAEBERRY, Vaccinium myrtillns.
BL.^'SIT.\S, Blwsa lini/iin. Someauthors have
used this word as synonymous with stammering.
See Balbuties. Sauvages understands by it a
defect in pronunciation, which consists in substi-
tuting soft consonants for those that are hard;
as the z for s, the d for t, the s for G and j, Ac.
Also, Lisping, Tratdin'miis, Trau'lotes, (F.) Ble-
siti, Blc (parlcr).
BLiESOPODES, see Kyllosis.
BL^SOPUS
130
BLENNOGENOUS
EL.ESnpUS, see Kyllosis.
1;L.K8US. a distortion; especially the out-
vriud (listoition of the le<;s. Also, a stoimnerer.
BLAFARD, (Y.) PaVlidns, PnlUd'ulus. This
epitl'.ctis soojctiuics given to the skin, when pale
and dull ; but, most frequently, to the flesh of a
wound, when it has lost its colour, and become
white. The word is, also, sometimes used syno-
l.ymously with Albino.
DLAIN, (Sax.) blejene. Bleine. A pustule; a
botch ; a blister. In Scotland, a mark left by a
wound ; the discolouring of the skin after a sore.
— Jauiieson.
BLAK OF THE EIE, Pupil.
BLAXO D' ARGENT, Plurabi subcarbonas—
I. fie Balchie, Cetaeeum — h. de Cerua^e, Plumbi
subcarbonas — b. de Crems, Plumbi subcarbonas
— b. de Fnrd, Bismuth, subnitrate of — b. de
Kreniiiitz, Plumbi subcarbonas — /). de Krenm,
Plumbi subcarbonas — b. de I'CEil, Sclerotic — 6.
d'(Eitf, Albumen ovi — b. de Perle, Bismuth, sub-
nitrate of — b. de Plomb, Plumbi subcarbonas — b.
de Zinc, Zinci oxvdum.
BLANC-.V ANGER (f .), Cibus alhis, Leuco-
ph(i'(jiinn, Leiicoph'(it/iim, Argi/rotroplie'ma. An
animal jelly, so called on account of its colour,
combined with an emulsion of sweet ahnonds, to
which sugar has been added, and some aromatic.
It is sometimes prescribed as a nutriment in con-
valescence and chronic diseases.
BLANC-RAISIN, Blanc Rhazis.
BLANC RIIAZIS, Blane-raisiu. An ointment
composed of cerusa, white wax, and olive oil.
BLANCA, Plumbi subcarbonas.
BLANCH, from (F.) blanchir, 'to whiten,
to bleach.' To whiten by depriving of the outer
rind; as 'to blanch, almonds:' i.e. to peel them.
BLANCHET, (F.) A blanket. A term given
by the French Pharmacions to the woollen
strainer through which they filter syrup and
other thick fluids. See, also, Aphthas.
BLANCHING, Etiolation — b. of the hair.
Canities.
BLANCNON ORIBASII, Polypodium filix
mas.
BLAS An unmeaning term invented by Van
Ileluiont to designate a kind of movement in the
body : at times, local, — at others, under extrane-
ous influence. Thus, he speaks of the Bias mete-
oros of the heavenly bodies, and the Bias huma'-
iiiim. that which operates in man.
Blas Alterativl'm, Plastic force.
BLASE, (F.) 'cloyed.' An epithet given to
one whom the abuse of enjoyment has prevented
from any longer deriving satisfaction or pleasure
from it.
BLAST, Conta'gio, (Sax.) blaj-r, (G.) hi a sen,
'to blow.' The infection of any thing pestilen-
tial. The stroke of some sudden plague.
BLASTE'MA, Blnste'sis, (P.) Blanthne, from
/3,\a(r7-«('w, 'I bud.' A germ. The sense of this
word, which is often used by Hippocrates, is ob-
scure. Castelli thinks it means the eruption of
some morbific principle at the surface of the body.
Also, the matrix or general formative element of
tissues.
Blastema Pili, see Hair.
BLAS'TEMAL, Blastema' Us. Relating or ap-
pertaining to a blastema, — as 'bluatemnl forma-
tions,' those that are formed from a blastema.
BLASTOCARDIA, see Molecule.
BLASTODEKMA, see Molecule.
BLATTA BYZAN'TIA, Umjnis odora'tm, (F.)
Blatte de Bi/zance. This name seems, formerly,
to have been given to a marine production from
some of the Conchylia. It had an agreeable
smell, a reddish tint, and the shape of a nail. It
was prescribed in epilepsy, hysteria, and hepatic
obstructions. Rondelct aiSrms, that it was the
production of the shell-fish murex or purpura ;
and that the name Blatta is derived from the
Greek jiXarroi, 'purple.'
BLA VELLE, Centaurea cyanus.
liLA VEOLE, Centaurea cyanus. :
BLA VEROLLE, Centaurea cyanus.
BLAWING, Swelling.
BLAWORT, Centaurea cyanus.
BLAZING-STAR, Chamaelirium luteum, Li-
atris.
BLE. Bladwn. This word answers, in France,
to the word Cam in England; i. e. any kind of
grain employed for making bread. Wheat being
most commonly used for this purpose, Ble is
sometimes restricted to this. Ble meteil is a
mixture of wheat and rye.
BLE CORNU,'ET'^ot—b. d'Espagne, Zea miiys
— b. d'/talie, Zea mays — b. 3leleil, sec Ble —
b. Noir, Polygonum fagopyrum — b. de Ttinpde,
Zea mays.
BLE (P ABLER,) Blaesitas.
BLEABERRY, Vaccinium myrtillus.
BLEACHING, Dealbation— b. Liquid, Eau de
Javelle.
BLEAREBNESS, Lippitudo.
BLEAR. EYE, Lippitudo.
BLEAR-EYED, Lippus.
BLEAR-EYEDNESS, Lippitudo.
BLEB, Bulla.
BLECHNON, Polypodium filix mas.
BLECHNUM LIlJNIFOLIUM, Asplenium
Scolopendrium — b. Squamosum, Asplenium ce-
terach.
BLECIIROPYRA, see Blechros.
BLECHROPYRUS, Typhus raitior.
BLECHROS, fiXnxi'o^' 'weak, feeble, slow.'
An epithet applied to different affections, and
particularly to fevers. Hence Blechrop'yra, 'a
slow fever:' Blfchro-iphi/g'niia, 'a slow pulse.'
BLECHROSPHYGM'IA, see Blechros.
BLEB, Corn — b. Avorte, Ergot — h. Farouche,
Ergot.
ijLEDOCH, Buttermilk.
BLEEDING, Bloodletting, Haemorrhagia.
BLEEDING FROM Till': NOSE, Epistaxis.
BLEEDING HEART, Cypripedium luteum—
b. Boist. Cupping glass.
BLEIB, Bulla.
BLEJNE, Blain.
BLEME, (F.) This word has nearly the same
signification as Blafard. Generally, however, it
includes, also, emaciation of the countenance.
BLENCYSTORRIIEE, Cystirrhoea.
BLENNA, Mucus — b. Narium, Nasal mucus.
BLENNADENI'TIB, from fiXcwa, 'mucus,'
ahriv, 'a gland,' and itis, denoting inflammation.
Inflammation of mucous follicles.
BLENNELYT'RIA, from ^Xcvva, 'mucus,' and
tAurpoj/. 'a sheath.' A discharge of mucus from
the vagina. Leucorrhoea. — Alibert.
BLENNEM'ESIS. Blcnnoem' esis, Vom'itna
pitiu'to'siis, from (iXcvva, ' mucus,' and tfitcii,
'vomiting.' Vomiting of mucus.
BLENNENTERIA, Dysentery.
BLENNLSTH'MIA.fn.m jiXcwa, 'mucus,' and
la^lios, ' the gullet.' Increased flow of mucus
from the pharynx and larynx. — Alibert.
BLENNOcilEZIA, Diarrhoea, mucous. '
BLENNOCYSTIDES, Bursae mucosa.
BLENNOCYSTl TE, Cystirrhoea.
BLENNODES, Muciform.
BLENNOKMESIS, Blennemesis.
BLENNOG"ENOUS, Blcnm„j"enus, Muelfk,
Mnci/'iftis, from ^iXtvvn, 'mucus,' and yivvaw, 'I
form.' Forming or generating mucus. Breschet
and lloussel de Vauzeme describe an apparatus
BLENNOIDES
181
BLIGHT IN THE EYE
of this kind for the secretion of the mucous mat-
ter that constitutes the cuticle, composed of a
ghinduhir parenchyma or organ of sctretion situ-
iite in the substance of the true skin, and of
rxcrotory ducts, which issue from the organ,
!ind <leposite the mucous matter between the
papilhc.
BLKNNOTDES. Muciform.
BLENNQri)l>;U.S, Muciform.
in.KNXOMETHITIS, see Leucorrhoea.
BLENNOPllTIIALMIA, Ophthalmia, (puru-
lent.)
]5LENN0P'TYSIS, from fiXcvva, and tttvuj, 'I
fpit.' Expectoration of mucus. Catarrh.
I'.LENNOP'YRA, BU-iDiopu'ri,,, from ^Xivva,
and vup, 'fire.' Alibcrt has classed, under this
head, various fevers with mucous complications;
as Mi'sciiterif fi-rer, AdeUD-iiieniii'/eal fever, &c.
BLENNOliRHAGIA, Gonorrhoea— b. Genita-
liuni, Eeucorrha>a — b. Notha, Gonorrhoea spuria
— 1>. S[iuria, (ionorrhoea spuria.
1;LENN0RIUIAG"IC, nicnnorrhmficm, (F.)
Jl/ciiiion-lifti/ii/iie, from fi\evva, 'mucus,' and
ptjyvvni, 'I break forth.' RehUing or appertain-
ing to blcnnorrhagia or gonorrhoea.
IJr.EXNOitmiAGic Epididymitis, Hernia humo-
ralis.
nr.EXXOIlRHAGTE FAUSSE, Gonorrhoea
spuria — h. (Ill (ilinid. Gonorrhoea spuria.
BL ENSORUUiiE, Blennorrhoea.
BLKNNORKHTNIA, Coryza.
BLENXORRHCE'A, Jikmwr'rlioe, Bleimor-
rhii(j"in, I'h/eijiiiorrhie'a, J'hleymorihag"ia, (P.)
lUeiiuorrhce, from fiXcvva, 'mucus,' and psoj, 'I
flow.' Inordinate secretion and discharge of mu-
cus. Also, Gonorrhoea.
Bi.KNNoiuuiao.v. Chronica, (gleet,) see Gonor-
rlioea — b. Gcnitalium, Leucorrhoea — b. Luodes,
Gonorrhoea impura — b. Nasalis, Coryza — b. Oculi,
foc Oi)lithaItnia — b. Oculi gonorrhoica, see Oph-
tli;iliiiia — b. Oculi neonatorum, see Ophthalmia —
li. Oculi i)urulenta, see Ophthalmia — b. Urethralis,
Guiiorrbosa, Cystorrhoea — b. Ventriculi, Gastror-
rli(j;n — b. Vesica?, Cystorrhoea.
BLENNO'SES, from (i\ivva, 'mucus.' Affec-
tions of the mucous membranes. — Alibert.
BLENXOTIIORAX, Catarrh, Peripneumonia
notha — b. Chronicus, Asthma humidum.
BLENNOTORRIICEA, Otirrhoea.
BLENNURETIIRIA, Gonorrhoea.
BLENNURIA, Cystorrhcea.
BLEPIIARADENITIS, Ophthalmia Tarsi.
B L E P II A R A N T II R A C O'S I S, Blephnri'-
tix (jini(jr(rii(i'nn, Carhiiavuhi'tio Oc'uli. Gangre-
nous iiitlauimation of the eyelids.
liLEPllARELOSIS. Entropion.
BLEPIIARIDES, Cilia.
BLEPIIARIDOPLASTICE, Blepharoplastice.
BLEPHARISMUS, Nictation.
BLEPHARITIS, (inflammation of the eyelids,)
Oplitlijilmia tarsi — b. Gangraenosa, Blepharan-
tliracosis.
BLEPIIAROBLENNORRHO^IA, Ophthalmia,
jiurulcnt — b. Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia (pu-
rulcnta infantum.)
BLKPH'ARO-CON.IUNCTIVrTIS, Bhpha-
i<ini/ii(/cxiiil'ti9, from (iXe<papov, 'an eyelid,' coii-
Jiiiirtira, and itis, denoting inflammation. Oph-
tiiiilMiia afl'octing the conjunctiva and eyelids.
BLEPIIARODYSCIIRCE'A, from l3\c<paf,ov, the
'cyi'lid.' iv;, 'with difliculty,' and XP""' 'colour.'
l)i"s<-ob>nition of the eyelid. Na;vus of the eye-
lid.— V(m Ammon.
BLEPIlARtEDEMA AQUOSUM, Hydroble-
pliarcm.
BLEPIIARON, Palpebra-
■b. Atoniaton, Ble-
l)liiirci|)tosis.
BLEPIIARONCO'STS, B/epharon'cim, Ble-
vban'f'h'i'iita, Enlpcbiu' rum Tumor, from /JAt^a-
pov, 'e}'elid,' and oyKOi, 'tumour.' A tumour of
the evelid.
BLEPIIARONCIIS, Blepharoneosis.
BLEPHAROPHIMO'SIS, from l3Xc<papov, 'the
eyelid,' and i/x/iof, 'a cord.' Congenital diminu-
tion of the space between the eyelids. — Ammon.
See Blepharostenosis.
BLEPIIAROPTIIALMIA, Ophthalmia tarsi
— b. Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia — b. Purulenta,
Blepharopyorrhoea.
BLEPHAROPHTIIALMITIS GLANDULO-
SA, Ophthalmia, purulent, of infants.
BLEPHAROPIIYMA, Blepharoneosis.
BLEPIIAR0PLAS'TICE,7?/f/>/)a?-)Wo;;/f/g'/iVe,
Tiiii't"io Cilio'rum, Blep]t'<u<ipl(iHty, from P\t(pa-
pov, 'the eyelid,' and TzXaariKOi, 'forming,' 'form-
ative.' The formation of a new eyelid.
BLEPIIAROPLEGIA, Blcpharoptosis.
BLEPIIAROPTO'SIS, Blcpharoplc'rpa, Cnsun
pal'2jel/rcE siij/erio'ris, Delup' hhs seu Pro/dp'mii
seu Propto'sis seu Pto'sin pal'pebra, Atoniaton
Mepharoii, from {iXi:(^>apov, 'the eyelid,' and vTuxjii,
'fall.' A falling down of the upper eyelid over
the eye, caused by a paralysis of the Levator
pd/pchrcB aiiperioris muscle. This paralysis is
an unfavorable symptom, as it is generally con-
nected with a state of the brain favouring apo-
plexy or palsy.
Blei'iiaroptosis EcTROi'it'jr, Ectropium — b.
Entropion, Entropion.
BLEPIIAROPYORRIICE'A, Blrpharophthal'-
niia piirnleii'tii, Pyurrlui'a jml'pehra, from ji\eip-
apov, 'eyelid,' vvov, 'pus,' and pcut, 'I flow.' Se-
cretion of pus from the eyelids.
BLEPHAHOPYoitHiKKA NiiONATOFiuM, sec Oph-
thalmia (purulenta infantum.)
BLEPIlARORRHOi'A, from ^\t<papov, 'eye-
lid,' and p£(i), 'I flow.' A discharge of mucus
from the eyeliils.
BLEPII'aROSPAS'MUS, from ^Xf^apov, 'eye-
lid,' and a-naaptoi, 'spasm.' A spasmodic action
or tic of the orbicularis palpebrarum muscle.
BLEPIIAROSTENO'SIS, from jiXt^apov, 'the
eyelid,' and arcfijiaii, 'contraction.' Accidental
diminution of the space between the eyelids. —
Ammon. See Blepharophimosis.
BLEPIIAROSYNDESMITIS, Blepharocon-
junctivitis.
BLEPIIAROTIS, Ophthalmia tarsi — b. Glan-
dularis contagiosa, see Ophthalmia.
BLEPHAROTITIS, Oi)hthalmia tarsi.
BLEPHAROTOSIS, Ectropium.
B L E P II A R 0 X Y S'TUM, BUpharoryn'trum,
from (i\£(/>apov, 'eyelid,' and fyu, 'I scrape.' An
instrument used, by the ancients, for removing
callosities, which made their appearance in the
affection called, by the Greeks, Tpa^itina. — Paulus
of iEginn, (Jorraus.
BLEPIIIL'IA HIRSU'TA, Ohio Horsemint,
Ilniry Homemiiit, from pXcipapii, 'an eyelash,' in
reference to its hairy fringed bracts. An indi-
genous plant of the Mint family, Labiatae, which
has the aromatic properties of the Mints.
BLKSITE, Blasitas.
BLESSED HERB, Geum urbanum.
BLESSURE. Abortion. Wound.
BLESTRIS'MUS. Restlessness of the sick.—
Hippocrates.
I5LETA. A word, used by Paracelsus for white
or milky urine, arising from diseased kidneys.
Biota oiha has the same meaning.
BLEU BE BERLIN, Prussian blue — 6. de
PruKse, Prussian blue.
BLEVET I)ES MOISSOXS, Cyanus sege-
tum. ,
BLKVILLE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Blg-
ville is a village about two miles from Havre.
The waters are acidulous chalvbeate.
BLIGHT IN THE EYE, Ophthalmia, catar-
BLIGHTS
132
BLOOD-LETTING
rhal. Palsy of the orbicularis palpebrarum and
mnseles of the eyebrow is also vulgarly called
U!,/ht.
BLIGHTS, see Lichen urticatus.
BLINDNESS, Cajcitas — b. Colour, Achroma-
topsia— b. Day, Nyctalopia — b. Nervous, Amau-
rosis — b. Night, Ilemeralopia — b. Snow, see
Snow blindness.
BLISTER, Veaicato'rt'nm, Emplnx'trum Vesica-
to'riniii seu Lijtta^ Epinjxis'ticnm, Ves'icnnt, lili'a-
ter pliiHter, (i.) Venieatuire, Vesicant. Any sub-
stance which, when applied to the skin, irritates
it, and occasions a serous secretion, raising the
epidermis, and inducing a vesicle. Various arti-
cles produce this effect, as cnntharideK, nniDtnvd,
garoii, eiiphorblnm, ynrlic, ammonia, <tc. Blisters
are used as counter-irritants. By exciting a dis-
ease artificially on the surface, we can often re-
move another which may be at the time existing
internally. A perpetual blister is one that is
kept open for a longer or a shorter time by means
of appropriate dressings.
Blistkr or vesication, (Prov.) Ercle, also means
the vesicle produced by vesicatories or other
causes.
Blister, Fever, see Fever blister.
Blister, Mag"istral, (F.) Vesicatoire mnr/is-
tral. A prompt means of producing vesication
recommended by i\I. Valleix. It is prej)ared as
follows — Take powdered caiitharides and wheat-
Jiour, of each equal parts; vinegar, a suflBcient
quantity to form a soft paste.
Blister Beetle, Cantharis — b. Fly, Cantha-
ris — b. Piaster, Blister.
BLISTERWEED, Ranunculus acris.
BLISTERING FLY, Cantharis— b. Paper, see
Sparadrapum vesicatorium — b. Tissue, Sparadra-
pura vesicatorium.
BLISTERS, WHITE, Rupia escharotiea.
BLITUM AMERICAN UM, Phytolacca de-
candra.
BLOOD, Anglo-Saxon, blo», from ble^an, 'to
bleed.' Sanguis, Cruor, Lapis anima'lis, HcBma,
'aifia, (Old Eng.) Blciie, (F.) Sang. An animal
fluid formed chiefly from the chyle ; acquiring
important properties during respiration ; entering
every organ through the circulation ; distributing
the nutritive principles to every texture, and the
source of every secretion. The blood is white in
the molluscous and inferior animals, which have
been, hence, called white-bluoded, to distinguish
them from the red-blooded, which class includes
the mammalia, birds, reptiles, and fishes. Hu-
man blood is composed of water, albumen, fibrin,
an animal colouring substance, a little fatty mat-
ter— heematelcB'uin — and different salts; as chlo-
rides of potassium and sodium, phosphate of lime,
subcarbonate of soda, lime, magnesia, oxide of
iron, and lactate of soda, united with an ani-
mal matter. Arterial blood is of a florid red
colour, strong smell ; s. g. 1.049. Venous blood
is of a brownish red ; s. g. 1.051. The differ-
ence in colour has given occasion to the first
being called red blood; the latter, black. The
former, which is distributed from the heart, is
nearly the same through its whole extent: the
latter is the remains of the arterial blood after
the different elements have been taken from it in
nutrition, and probably differs in composition.
It likewise contains different substances absorbed.
Venous blood, taken from a vessel and left to
itself, becomes solid, and separates into two dis-
tinct parts, — the serum or watery supernatant
fluid; and the cruor, coag'uluni, crassamen'tnm,
Jiepar seu pluceu'ta san'guinis, plucoi'ta cruo'ris,
in'suld, thrombus, or clot. The serum is chiefly
water, holding albumen in solution and the salts
of the blood. The clot contains the fibrin, co-
louring matter — hcsmatosin, a little serum, and a
small quantity of salts. M. Le Canu found the
blood to be composed — in 1000 parts — of water,
7S.5.5'J0; albumen, 09.415; fibrin, 3.565 ; colour-
ing matter, 119.626; crystallizable faity matter,
4.300; oily matter, 2.270; extractive matter so-
luble in alcohol and water, 1.920; albumen com-
bined with soda, 2.010; chlorides of sodium aii.l
potassium ; alkaline phosphates, suljjhatcs, and
subcarbonates, 7.-'!04; subcarbonate of lime and
magnesia, phosphate of lime, magnesia and iron,
peroxide of iron, 1.414; loss, 2.586. The fmir
principal components of the blood are fibrin,
albumen, corpuscles, and saline matter. In the
circulating blood they are thus combined —
.'ii.'^'"' In solution ioxvams Liquor San(nii.
Albumen, >■ . a ^ j
Salts, J
Red Corpuscles — suspended in the Liquor San-
guinis.
In coagulated blood they are thus combined:
Fibrin, ] Forming the crassamentum or
Red Corpuscles, J clot.
Albumen, ) Remaining in solution, forinini;
Salts, J serum.
The following table exhibits the computations
of different physiologists regarding the weight
of the circulating fluid — arterial and venous.
Harvey, ■) Jbs.
Lister,
Moulins,
Aljildfcuard,
lilumeubach
Lobb, V 10
Lower, j
Sprenscl 10 to 15
Giinther 15 to 20
lilake 16J tol8J
Miiller and Burdach 20
Wagner 20 to 25
Quosnai 'j,'
F. Hoffmann 28
Haller 28 to 30
Young 40
Ilamberger SO
Keill 100
The proportion of arterial blood to venous is
about 4 to 9.
Much attention has been paid to the varying
condition of the blood in disease. The avernge
proportion of each of the organic elements in
1000 parts of healthy blood is as follows, accord-
ing to Le Canu, and MM. Andral and Gavarrct:
— fibrin, .3; red corpuscles, 127; solid matter of
the serum, 80 ; water, 790.
Dried human blood was, at one time, consi-
dered to be anti-epileptic; that of the goat, dried,
Sanguis hirci sicca'tus, sudorific and antipleu-
retic. The dried blood of the ox — Extrac'tum
San'guinis Bori'ni — and the dried red corpuscles
have been given as analeptics, especially wbere
there was a deficiency of red corpuscles.
Blood, Arterial, see Blood — b. Black, see
Blood — b. Black, vascular system of, see Vas-
cular.
Blood, Casein, Globulin— b. Corpuscles, Glo-
bules of the blood — b. Disease, Ilaematonosus —
b. Disks, Globules of the blood.
Blood, Dried, see Blood— b. Loss of, Hffiraor-
rhagia — b. Menstrual, see Menses — b. Red, see
Blood — b. Red, system of, see Vascular- b. Spit-
ting of, Hajmoptysis— b. Venous, see Blood— b.
Vomiting of, Htematemesis— b. AVhite, Lymph.
BLOOD CRYSTALS, Hannatoidin.
BLOODING, Blood-lettin.'.
BLOODLESSNESS, Anycmia.
B L 0 0 D - L E T T I N G, Missio seu JDetrac'tin
San guntis, Ilamax'is, Cataachaa'nius, Blooding,
BLOODLIKE
133
BOE
Plee'liiiff, (F.) Siti'jnee, Emlmtion saufjnine. A j
discharge of a certain quantity of blood produced
by art : an operation which consists in making
an opening into a vessel to dnuB or let blood from
it. When practised on an artery, it is called Ar-
li-riot'onii/ ; on a vein, Phlebot'onuj, VencBsec'tio,
VcJicHcc'lioH ; and on the capillary vessels, local
or capillanj, in contra<listinction to the former,
which is termed fjeneral. Blood-letting is used
both (luring the existence of a disease, as in in-
flammation, and in the way of prophylaxis. It
is employed to fulfil various indications. L To
diminish the actual mass of blood; — when it is
termed, by the French pathologists, Suifjiiee eva-
ciialii:e. In such case, fluids ought not to be al-
lowed too freely afterwards. 2. To diminish the
turgeseence in any particular organ — (F.) S'tig-
yifi; revitlxivc, Renithlve hlood-lettiiKj or t/leeiltiig,
\'eua'.iec'tio revnlxo'n'n, when performe(i far from
the part nfiectod; and Sniyue.e derivutiue, when
near. 'i. To diminish the consistence of the blood,
(F.) S'tiijii^e upoliative. The immediate effects
<.f blood-letting are: diminution of the mass of
blood and of heat; retardation of the pulse, and
sometimes syncope. Blood-letting from the veins
— phlcbi/ltimij — is practised on the subcutaneous
veins of the neck, the face, the fore-arm, and the
leg ; sometimes on those of the hand or foot.
The necessary apparatus consists of a bandage
or riband, a compress of rag, and a lancet or
plileam.
The veins selected for the operation, are, 1. Tii
the fold of the arm, five; — the cephalic, basilic,
the two median, and the anterior cubital. 2. In
the htud, the cephalic and salvatella. 3. In the
y"'H(f, the great and little saphena. A^. In the neck,
the external jugular. 5. In the forehead, the
frontal. G. Tn the month, the ranine. The ope-
ration of phlebotomy in the limbs is performed
by tying a circular bandage round the limb, in
order that the subcutaneous veins may become
turgid by the course of the blood being ob-
structed: the bandage not being so tight, how-
ever, as to compress the arteries of the limb. A
puncture is made into the vein, and the desired
((uantity allowed to flow. The ligature is now
removed, and a compress and retaining bandage
applied. Utipillnry or local blood-lettiuf/, arte-
rio-iihlebot'oiiii/, is practised on the skin or
niucuous membranes, by means of leeches, the
lancet, or cupping.
Bi.ooD-LETTiNG, Capillaiiv, See Blood-letting
— b. Derivative, see Blood-letting — b. Evacuative,
see Blood-letting — b. General, see Blood-letting
— b. Local, see Blood-letting — b. Revulsive, see
Blood-letting — b. Spoliative, see Bloodletting.
BLOOULIKE, Sanguine.
BLOOD LIQUOR, Liquor Sanguinis.
BLOODIIOOT, Sanguinaria Canadensis.
BLOOU.^IIOT. IIypera}mic.
BLOODSTONE, llajmatites.
BLOODSTROKE, Conp-de-sang.
BLOOD VESICLE, Globule of the blood.
BLOOD VESSEL, (F.) Valsnean nanguin. A
vessel destined to contain and convey blood.
Bf.ooi) Vesskl, bukaking, buksting, ruptu-
ring OP A. Hajmorrhagia.
BLOODWEED, Asclepias eurassavica.
BLOODWORT, Uieraciuiu venosum, Sangui-
naria Canadensis.
BLOODY, Sanguin'cuH, Crucn'tus, Sanguin'-
eniis, (F.) Sangnin. Having the character of
blood. Relating to blood. See Sanguine.
BLOODY FLUX. Dysentery.
BLOO.M, HONEY, Apocynum androsfcmifo-
lium.
BLOSSBURG MINERAL SPRINGS. The
town of Blossburg is iu Tioga County, 133 miles
north of Ilarrisburg. They contain pure sulphu-
ric acid; and are astringent and touic.
BLOSSOM, see Grog-blossom.
BLOTA ALBA, Bleta.
BLOTCH, (Prov.) Splavin, Sprote. A pustule;
more commonly, an eruption of a large kind.
BLOW, Ict,i8, Plege, (F.) Coiip. Effect pro-
duced by one body striking another. The im-
pression made by any body which strikes us, or
against which we strike; — a common cause of
wounds, contusions, fractures, kc.
BLOWING SOUND, Bruit de Soi,Jle — h. s.
Diffused, see Murmur, respiratory.
BLUE-BELLS, Gentiana catesbisi.
BLUE-BERRY, Caulophyllum thalictroides,
Lantana — b. Low, Vaccinium Pennsylvanicum.
BLUE-BONNETS, Cetaurea cyanus.
BLUE-BOTTLE, Centaurea cyanus, Cyanus
segetum.
BLUE LICKS, see Kentucky,MineralWaters of.
BLUE STONE, Cupri sulphas.
BLUET, Centaurea cvanus.
BLUET DES MOIS'SONS, Cyanus segetum.
BLUITER, Borborygmus.
BLUSH, see Flush.
BLU,sn, Cutaneous, see Efilorescence — b. In-
flammatory, Erythema.
BL UTTER, Borborygmus.
BOA, Ihiia. An eruption of red, ichorous pim-
ples.— Pliny. See, also, Hidroa and Sudamina.
Boa Upas, Upas.
BOyE, Syphilis.
BOALA, see Scherlievo.
BOBERRL Curcuma longa.
BOCHE, Swelling.
BOCCHOE, Diosina crenata.
BOCHET, Bochetum.
BOCHE'TUM, (F.) Bochet. A term formerly
applied to the second decoction of the sudorific
woods. The French word has been lately revived.
BOCHIUM, Bronchocele.
BOCHO, Diosma crenata.
BOCIUM, Bronchocele.
BOCK, Vomiturition.
BOCKING, Eructation, Vomiting.
BOCKLET, MINERAL AVATERS OF. The
springs of Booklet, in Bavaria, are acidulous
chalybeates.
BODY, Corpus, Soma, (F.) Corpn ; from Teu-
tonic boden, the 'fundus or bottom.' [?] The
human body, (F.) Corps humain, (Old E.) Liche,
is the collection of organs which compose the
frame. At times, however, body is used synony-
mously with trunk. AVe say, also, hodif of the
femur, of the sphenoid, &c., to designate the shaft
or middle portion of those bones ; body of the
uterus, Ac. Likewise, any distinct portion of
matter perceived by the senses. Also, the rectum.
Body, Coming down op the. Proctocele. '
Body-Searcher, Searcher. One who formerly
ex.amined the bodies of the dead to report as to
the cause of death. In the time of the plague
this was done by "the chirurgeons," who were
allowed " twelve pence," to be paid out of the
goods of the party searched, if able; otherwi.s«,
by the parish. Until of late, this office was exe-
cuted in England by two old women — called
'searchers'; and hence the imperfections of the
Bills of Mortality. In plague times, the office
was an important one; and, it is stated, that a
noted searcher, named Snacks, finding his busi-
ness increase so much, that he could not transact
it alone, offered to any one who would join him
in its hazards, half the profits; and they who
joined him were said to " go with Snacks."
Hence, the saying "to go Snacks," or to divide
the spoils. — Wadd.
BODY-SNATCHER, Resurrectionist.
BOE, Cry.
BOELLI
134
BONDUE
BOELLT, Intestines.
BOETUEMA, Medicament.
BOG-BEAN, Menvanthes trifoliata.
BO HON UPAS, Upas.
BOIA, Boa.
BOIL, Fuiuneulus — b. Blind, see Furunculus —
1). (luin, Parulis — b. Malignant, see Furunculus —
b. Wasp's nest, see Furunculus.
//O/.S' AM Eli, Quassia — b. de Campeche,
Hajmato.xylum t'anipechianum — b. de Cerf, Cornu
cervi — b. de C/ti/pre, Rhodium lignum — b. de
C'liilenvre, see Stiycbnos — i. X'oii.r, Glycyrrhiza
— b. de MiniiiH, Ceplialanthus occidentalis — b.
de Ploiiib, Birca palustris— 6. Pnaiit, Pruiius pa-
Uus — b. de Ruse, Rhodium lignum — 6. de Snp-
jxiii, C«salpinia sappan — b. Sudorlfique, Wood,
fcudorilic.
BOISSE, MINERAL WATERS OP. These
waters are situate about half a league from Fon-
tcnay-le-Compte, in Franco. They are purgative,
aud seem to contain carbonate and sulphate of
lime and chloride of sodium.
BOIISSON, Drink.
BOIST, Swelling.
BOITE, (F.) A box or cage, Capsa, Pyxis.
An apparatus for the reception of any matters
which it may be desirable to preserve. In Sur-
(jci'j aud Anatomy, Unites a dissection, li. d am-
pHtati<ju, B. d trepan, B. a cataracte, &c., mean
the eases containing these various instruments.
Boile da Crane is the bony case which receives
the brain. Bo'ite is, also, the portion of the
stem of the trephine which receives the ])yra-
mid or centre-pin. Boite de Petit is a machine,
invented by M. Petit, to retain the fractured por-
tions of bone in apposition, when the leg has been
fractured in a complicated manner. Boile is, also,
a kind of case put before an artificial anus to re-
ceive the fieces, which are continually being dis-
charged. The vulgar, in France, give the name
Botle, to various articulations,- — B. de yenou, B.
de la hrniche; "knee-joint, hip-joint."
BOITEMENT, Claudication.
BOITEUIE, Claudication.
BOITIER, (F.) Appai-eil, Cap'aida unguenta'-
ria, Capsa'riuni. A dressintj-case. A box, con-
taining salves and different apparatus, used more
particularly by the dressers in hospitals.
BOK, Vomiturition.
BOKKING, Eructation, Vomiting.
BOL, Bolus — b. d'Annenie, Bole, Armenian —
h. Oriental, Bole, Armenian — 6. Blanc, Bolus
alba — b. Bonge, Bole, Armenian.
BOLA, Mvrrha.
BOLCHON, Bdellium.
BOLE, Jhlus, (F.) Bol, Terre bolaire, meant,
with the older writers, argillaceous earth, used
as an absorbent and alexipharmic. The various
boles had different forms given to them, and were
stamped, or sealed, hence called TerrcB siyillatcB ;
as in the following :
Bole Akme'nian, Bole Arme'niac, B. Ar'me-
nic, Argil'ln ferrugiii'ea rubra, A. Bolus rubra,
iiinapisis, Arena'men, Bolna Orienta'lis seu Ar-
vteniaca seu Arnie'nice seu rubra, (F.) Bol d'Ar-
inenie ou oriental ou rouge. A red, clayey earth,
found not only in iVrmenia, but in several coun-
tries of Europe, — in Tuscany, Silesia, France,
<tc. It was once esteemed a tonic and astringent,
and was applied as-a styptic. It is now, scarcely,
if ever, used. It consists of argil, mixed with
lime and iron.
BOLES IS, Coral.
B0LE80N, Balsam.
BOLET ODORANT, Daedalea suaveolens.
BOLETUS ACJARICUS, B. Laricis— b. Albus,
Boletus laricis — b. Cervinus, Ehiphomyces gra-
uulatub — b. Discoideus, Bajdalea suaveolens.
Bole'tus Esculbn'tus, (F.) Morelle. Ord.
Fungi. An eatable mushroom, found in tbe
woods in Europe, and much admired by Gastro.
nomea. It was formerly esteemed to be aphro-
disiac.
Boletus Fui.vus, B. igniarius — b. Ilippocrepis,
B. igniarius.
Bole'tus Ignia'rius. The systematic nnino
for the Afj'aric, Agar'icus, Ayar'icum of tlie
Pharmacopoeias, Agar'ivua Chirurgo'nim fiu
Qucrcils seu ignia'rius, Polyj/orus ignia'riiiH,
h'ca, Bole'tus ungula'tua seu fnlvus seu hipj,,,.
crepis seu obtu'sus, SpunJ,; Am'adou, Punk, (Prov.)
Funk, Fungus Ignia'rius, Fungus Querri'inm,
Aqaric of the Oak, ToucJiwood, Touchwood Jlnlu.
tiis. Female Agaric, Tinder, (F.) Agaric de chene,
Amadouvier. It was formerly much used by
surgeons as a styptic.
Bole'tus Lar'iCIS, B. Larici'nus seu jmrgutis
seu albus seu agar'icus seu rifficina'lis, Fun'fins
Lar'icis, Polyp'orus oficina'lis, Agar'icus ulhm
seu Lar'icis, A. Albus op'tiwus, White Agiiric,
(F.) Agaric blanc, A. Amadourier. On the cuii-
tinent of Europe it has been given as a cathartic
and emetic, as well as to moderate the sweats iu
phthisis. — De Haen. E-xternnlly, styptic.
Boletus Obtusus, B. igniarius — b. Officinalis,
B. laricis— b. Purgans, Boletus laricis — b. Salicis,
Daedalea suaveolens — b. Suaveolens, DaMhilea
suaveolens— b. Touchwood, Boletus igniarius.
BO LI MART IS, Ferrum tartarisatum.
BOLISMOS, Boulimia.
BOLI'TES. The mushroom; perhaps the
Agar'icus Auranfiacus. — Pliny, Martial, SeuKi-
nius, Galen. It was so called, in consuquencs
of its shape, — from Bohia.
BOLLYNGE, Swelling.
BOLNING, Swelling.
BOLT. Used, at times, for to swallow without
chewing, — as to " bolt one's food."
BOLUS, (iuiXog, Buccell'a, a morsel, a mouth-
ful, a bole, (F.) Bol. A pharmaceutical prepa-
ration, having a pilular shape, but larger; capa-
ble, however, of being swallowed as a pill.
Bolus Alba, Terra Sigilla'fn, Argil'la pcd-
lid'ior: — called sigilla'ta, from being commonly
made into small cakes or flat masses, and staiii])e(l
or sealed with certain impressions. (F.) B<d
blanc, Terre Sigillee, Argile ochreuse pale. It
was used like Bole Armenian, and was brought
from Etruria. See Terra.
Bolus, Ai.imen'tary, Bolus AUmenta'ri us. The
bole formed by the food, after it has undergone
mastication and insalivation in the mouth ; and
been collected upon the tongue prior to degluti-
tion.
Bolus Orienta'lis. A kind of bolar earth,
only distinguished from Bole Armenian in beiiii,'
broughtfrom Constantinople. See Bole, Armenian.
Bolus Rubra, Bole Armenian.
BOMA'REA SALSIL'LA. The inhabitants
of Chili use this plant as a sudorific. It is given
in infusion in cutaneous diseases.
BOMBAX, Gossypium.
BOMBEMENT, Bombus.
BOMBITATIO, Tinnitus aurium.
BOMBUS, Au'rium fluctua'tio, A. Sib'ihis, A.
Son'itus, A. Susur'ruH, (F.) Bombemeiit. A kiml
of ringing or buzzing in the ears; — characterizeil,
according to Sauvages, by the perception of
blows or beating repeated at certain interval?.
Also, Borborygmus. See Fart, Flatulence, and
Tinnitus Aurium.
BOMBYX MORI, see Sericum.
BON, Coffea Arabica.
BONA. Phaseolus vulgaris.
BONANNIA OFFICINALIS, Sinapis alba.
BONA FEVER, see Fever, Bona.
BONDUE, Gymnocladus Canadensis.
BONE
10 5
BORACIC ACID
BONK, 0», Oh'teon, Os'leum, (F.) Os, (Sax.)
biiti. The bones lire the solid and hard parts,
which f(jrin the basis of the bodies of animals i
of the «ui)erior classes; and the union of which
(■on>:titiitos the H/celrion. The human body has,
at tlio adult a<^o, 208 hones, without including
the ;)2 tci'ih, the ossa Wortni;uia, and the ses;i-
inoid bones. Anatomists divide them, from their
shape, into 1. Loiu/ /yoiiex, which form pnrt of the
limbs, anil represent columns for supporting the
weight of the body, or levers of diflcrcnt kinds
for the muscles to act upon. 2. Flot boiien, which
form the parietes of splanchnic cavities; and, 3.
IShiirt hnneH, met with in parts of the body where
solidity and some mobility are necessary. Bones
are formed of two different textures ; spoiKjij and
conijiivt. They afford, on analysis, much phos-
phate and carbonate of lime, a little phosphate
of magnesia, phosphate of ammonia, oxides of
iron and miinganese, some traces of alumina and
silica, gelatin, fat, iind wafer. The uses of the
bones are mentioned under each bone. They
give shape to the body, contain and defend the
viscera, and act as levers to the muscles.
TABLE OF THE BONES.
Bones of
THE
IIjiAD.
Boxes op
THE
TllU.N'K.
Boxes of
THE Up-
per Ex-
tremiti.
Boxes op
LOWF.R
KXTllE-
MITY.
f Frontal.
Bones of the I ''""'^"''
K).„n I l<'mporal
.....'.'.".' 2
I Ethmoid 1
[Sphenoid 1
I .Superior Maxillary.... 2
.Tut;:il or Cheek 2
Nasal 2
Bones of the J Lachrymal
Face. ' I'liliitine....
Inferior Spongy 2
V'omijr 1
Inferior Maxillary 1
Tncisores 8
< Cuspidati 4
(^Molares 20
I Ilyoid .
Denies,
or
Teeth.
Bono of the
Tonjue.
I Malleus 2
Bones of the) Incus 2
Imv. 1 Oibiculare 2
f Stapes 2
I Cervical 7
VertehrcB. -; Dorsal 12
(Lumbar 5
Sacrum 1
Os Cnccygis 1
The Pelvis Innominatum 2
Tbe^''"''^'--{Sul:z:;;:::::;:::::::: I
The Arm Humerus.-
Fore-arm.
r
f Ulna.,
t Itadius
Carpus,
or
Wrist.
( Navu'ulare 2
I Lunaro 2
I Cuneiforme 2
I Orbiculare 2
Trapezium 2
Trapezoides 2
Maiinum 2
Uueiforme 2
Metacarpus 10
I'/iiiliviges 28 j
The Thigh Femur 2
(Patella 2 |
The ic^-. -j Tibia 2
(.Fibula.. 2
f CalcisOs 2
Tarsus, I .Vstrasalus 2
or -j Cuboides 2
Instep, j XaviciilBre 2
j [Cuueiforme 6
I Jtet^ilarsus 10
ll'halanges 28
Total 240
The bones of the o.^, Boa Taurus, are employed
in pharmacy.
Bo.vE-AcH, Osteocopus — b. Ague, Osteocopus.
BoxE, Back, Vertebral column — b.Bar,Pubts,os.
BoxE Bia\('k, see Carbo animalis.
BoxE, Blade, Scapula — b. Boat-like, Os sca-
phoides — b. Breast, Sternum — b. Crupper, Coccyx.
Bone Earth, see Cornu ustum — b. Fever, see
Infliunmation.
Bonk, Haunch, Ilion — b. Interparietal, Inter-
parietal bone.
Bone Phosphate op Lime, see Cornu ustum.
Bone, Bimp, Coccyx — b. Share, Pubis — b.
Splinter. Fibula.
BONEBINDER, Osteocolla.
BONE-DOCTOR, Hcnnneur.
BONE-NIPPEllS, Oxtenl'cnm, Tcnac'ula. from
^e?(eo, ' 1 hold.' (F.) Teuaille iiiciiivc. An in-
strument used for cutting off splinters and car-
tilages. It is a kind of forceps, the handles of
which are strong, and the edges, which touch
each other, cutting.
BONKSET, Eupatorium perfoliatum — b.
Rough, Eupatorium teucrifolium — b. Upland,
Eupatorium sessifolium.
BONE-SETTER, Reuoueur.
BONE-SHAVE, Neuralgia femoro-poplita?a.
BONES, BRITTLENESS OF THE, Fmgilitas
ossium — 1). Friability of the, Fragilitns ossium —
b. Salt of, Ammoniie carbonas — b. Softening of
the, Mollities ossium.
IWXHO.MME. Verbaseum thapsus.
BONICEATTER, Bonnvchibber.
BONIFACIA, Ruscus hypoglossura.
BONITHLOr.BER, Bonnyclabber.
liONNE DAME. Atriplox hortensis.
BONNES, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bonnes
is a village six Iciigiics from Pan, in the depart-
ment KiinticK Pyreiiren, France. Here arc several
thermal springs. They were celebrated as early
as the time of Francis I., under the name Emix
d'Arquehusade. They contain chlorides of sodium
and magnesium, sulphates of magnesia and lime,
sulphur, and silica. The temperature is from 7S°
to 98° Fahrenheit.
l!\\e factitionn Eau nv. Bonnes is made of J¥i/-
dronulplnirctted water, { i^iv ; jyure water, Oj. and
f,:5ss; chloride of sodium, gr. xxs ; sulphate of
maguesia, gr. i.
IJONNET, Reticulum.
nONNET A DEUX GL ODES, Bonnet d'Hip-
pocrate.
BONNET D' HIPP OCR ATE, Cap of Hip-
poc' rates, Mitra HIppocrat' icn. Fas' cia capita'lix,
Pi'leus Hippncral'icus. A kind of bnndage, the
invention of which is ascribed to Hippocrates.
It consists of a double-headed roller, passed over
the head, so as to envelop it like a cap. The
French also name it Bonnet d. deux globes, Cape-
line de la tete.
BONNYCLABBER, Clahher. from lr\»h,hainc,
'milk,' and clahar, 'mire.' In Ireland, sour but-
termilk. In this country, the thick part of sour
milk. Boniclatter and Boiiilhlohber. also, meant
cream or "good milk gone thick.' — Halliwell.
BONPLANDIA ANGUSTURA, Cusparia fe-
brifugn — b. Trifoliata, Cusparia febrifuga.
BONTIA GERMINANS,Avicennia tomentosa.
BONUS GENIUS, Peucedanum— b. Henrieus,
Chenopodium bonus Henrieus.
BONY, Osseous.
BOOCHO, Diosma crenata.
BOON UPAS,' Upas.
BOON A, Phaseolus vulgaris.
BOOTIA VULGARIS, Saponaria.
BOOTIKIN. A glove with a partition for the
thumb, but no separate ones for the fingers — like
an infant's glove — made of oiled silk. — Dr. E. J.
Seymour. Horace Walpole speaks in raptures of
the benefit he derived from bootikins in gout.
BORACIC ACID, Ac"idum Borac"icuw, Sol
sedati'vus Homber'gi, Boric Acid, (F.) Avide
BORAGE
136
BOTHRION
horaciqite. An acid obtained from boras, which
w as once looked upon as sedative. It was also
called ^Icor Borac" icus, Sul vitrioli vai-cot'icum,
Sid vnUit'ile Bora'cia, and Flares Bora'cia.
BORAGE, Borajro officinalis.
BORA'GO UFFICINA'LIS, Biiglos'aum ve-
riim seu lali/u'liiDii, Jiorra'ijo, Corrn'go, Bo-
I'lgo hoi-toi'eie, Borarje, Ihtrrat/e, (F.) Bonrrache.
Ord. Boraginese. -Sear. Si/nt. Pentandria Mono-
gynia. The leaves and iiowers have been con-
f-idered aperient.
BORAS SUPERSODICUS, Borax.
BORATIIRON, Juniperus Sabina.
BORAX, Boras Soda seu siipersat'nriis soda
s-cn alcd/cn'ceiis seu alcali'nnm seu superso'dicus,
Sodm Biho'rtis, Snhhoras SodcB seu na'tricum.
Soda Boraxa'ta, Chryxocol'la, Copis'trnm anri,
Subhorate of protojc' ide of So' dinm,Subprotoho' rate
if Sodinm, Borax Veu'etiis, Bornx'trion, Niirum
factVlinm, <fec., Siihbo'rate or Biborate of Soda,
Borate of Soda, (F.) Borate ou Soiis-borute de
Sonde, Borate siirsaturc de sonde. It is found in
an impure state in Thibet and Persia. It is in-
(Hlorous ; taste eool, and somewhat alkaline;
.■ioluble in 12 parts of water. Borax is seldom
u.scd except as a lotion in aphtha;.
BoKATE OF Meucuky has been recommended
as an antipvphilitic.
BORAXTRIOX, Borax.
BORBON'IA RUSCIFO'LIA. A small South
African shrub, used in asthma and hydrothorax.
In decoction, it is given as a diuretic. — Pappe.
BORRORUS, Fitnus.
BORBORYG'MUS, from /Jop/Jopu^io, 'I make a
dull noise.' Munnur seu liombiis seu Motus In-
testino'rutn, Anile' ma, Anile'sia, O(fliopsoph'ia, In-
toiia'tio intestina'iis, 3turmur ventris sou intesti-
l.t.'le, lior'bori/gm, (Sc.) Blniter, BInttcr, (Prov.)
CrolUiuj, Growling, (F.) Gargonillenient, Grouille-
iiient d'Entraillcs. The noise made by flatus in
the intestines. This happens often in health,
especially in nervous individuals.
BOUb (F.), Margo, Edge, Margin. Anato-
mists have so named the boundaries of an organ.
Thus, the bimes, muscles, <fee. have bords as well
as bodies. The 'free edge,' bord libre, is one not
connected with any part; the 'adhering edge,'
lord adherent, one that is connected; and the
lord articni.riire, or 'articular margin or edge,'
that which is joined to another bone.
BOBD CILIAIEE, Ciliary margin.
BORDEAUX, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Near this great city, in the south-west of France,
is a saline, chalybeate spring. It contains oxide
of iron, carbonate and sulphate of lime, chlorides
of sodium and calcium, subcarbonate of soda, and
galphatc of magnesia.
BORE, Boron.
BORE-TREE, Sambucus.
BOiiGNE (F.), Codes, Unoc'nlns, Luscns,
Zuscio'sns. One who has only one eye, or sees
only with one. The word has been used, figu-
ratively', for blind, in surgery and anatomy. See
C'iBCUS.
BORIUM, Boron.
BORKIIAUSENIA CAVA, Fumaria bulbosa.
BORN, past participle of tea;-, (F.) ne. Brought
forth from the womb.
BoHN Alive. It has been decided by English
judges, that 'to be born alive,' means, that acts
if life must have been manifested after the whole
body has been extruded; and that respiration in
transitu is not evidence that a child was born
alive. It must be 'wholly born alive;' hence
respiration may be a sign of life, but not of live
birth.
BORON, Bo'ritim, Bornm, (F.) Bore. A simple
substance, the basis of boracic acid ; obtained, by
beating potassium with boracic acid, as a dark,
olive-coloured powder, devoid of taste and smell.
Heated in the air or in oxygen, it is converted
into boracic acid.
BOR'OSAIL, Zael. ^Ethiopian names for a
disease, very common there, which attacks the
organs of generation, and appears to have con-
siderable analogy with syphilis.
BORRAGO, Borago officinalis.
BORRl, Curcuma longa.
BORRIBERRI. Curcuma longa.
BORSE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Borse is
a village in Beam. The waters are chalybeate.
BORUM, Boron.
BOSA. An yEgyptian name for a mass, made
of the meal of darnel, hemp-seed, and water. It
is inebriating. — Prospero Alpini. At the present
day, it is applied to a kind of acidulated and,
sometimes, fermented scherbet. In its common-
est form, it is made by fermenting an infusion of
millet-seed. A more agreeable Bosa is prepared
by the I]gyptians from tamarinds and honey;
and by the Greeks from the fruit of Solanum Ly-
copersicum. This last is called, by them, A/joocir-
TtKov, Drosis'ticon.
BOSCllESJESMANSTIIEE, Methystophyl-
lum glaucum.
BOSOM, see Mamma.
BOSSA, Plague token.
BOSSE, Hump, Protuberance — b. Nasale,
Nasal protuberance.
BOSSU, see Hump.
BOSWELLIA SERRATA, see Juniperus lycia
— b. Thurifera, see Juniperus Ivcia.
BOTAL FORA'MEN, For'a'men Bota'le seu
Botal'lii, Fora'men Ova'le, (F.) Trott de Bo-
tal, TroH ovale. A large opening which exists
in the foetus in the partition between the two
auricles of the heart; and by means of which
the blood passes from one to the other. Its
discovery is generally attributed to Leonard Bo-
tallus, Botal, or Botalli, who wrote in 1562. It
was spoken of, however, by Vesalius, and evea
by Galen.
BOTANE, Herb.
BOTANICAL DOCTOR, Ilerb-doctor.
BOTANIQ UE MEDIO ALE, Botany, medical.
BOT'ANY, MEDICAL, Botan'iea Med'iea,
Ifedici'ua Botan'iea, Phytolog"ia 3fed'ica, from
PoTuvn, 'an herb,' (F.) Botanique 3Iedicale. The
knowledge of the [)roperties, characters, &e. of
those vegetables which are used in medicine.
BOTAR'GO, (F.) Botnrgue. A preparation
made in Italy and the south of France, with the
eggs and blood of the MngiUeph'alns or Mullet,
strongly salted, after it has become putrescent.
It is used as a condiment.
BOT ARGUE, Botargo.
BOTCH, (I.) Bozzu. Of old, a swelling of the
skin. A phlegmon. A large ulcerous allection.
BOTHOR. An Arabic term for al)sccss in the
nares. It means, also, a tumour in general;
especially those which are without solution of
continuity.
BOTHRIOCEPH'ALUS, B. latns, Bothrio-
ceph'alum, from (iuDpiov, 'a small pit,' and Ktipa^ri,
' head.' Botrioceph'alus, Biboth'rinm latum,
Tce'nia lata seu vnlgu'ris seu os'cnlis laleral'ibtii
gctn'inis seu grisca sou membrana'eea seu tenel'la
seu denta'ta seu linnia'nn iner'mis seu prima seu
os'cnlis lateral'ibus aolita'riis seu aeeph'iila ecu
osvnlis snperficidl'ibns, Lumbri'cus latns, Plnte'a,
Haly'sis membrana'cea seu lata, (F.) Tenia d an-
neaux courts ou Jiou arme, Ver solitaire, liroad
Tape-worm. Common in Switzerland, Russia,
and some parts of France. It inhabits the intes-
tines of man, and extends to an enormous length.
A broken specimen has been obtained 60 yards
long. — Goeze.
BOTII'RION, Both'rium, from ^o&piov, 'a small
BOTHRIUM
137
BOURBON-LANCY
pit, cavity,' Ac. An alveolus, or small fossa. A
Fraall, deep ulcer on the cornea. — Galen, Paulus
of ^gina. See Fonaette.
BO rilRTUM, Bothrion, Fotaette.
BOTIIIIOS, Fovea.
BOIMX. Torcbinthina.
BdTrrM. Bronchocele.
BOTOTIIINUM. An obscure term, used by
Piiraci'lsus to denote the most striking symptom
of a (lisi'iise: — the Fton morhi.
BOTOU, Pnreira brava.
BOTIUOOKPHALUS, Bothriocephalus.
]?0riUOX. Alveolus.
BOTllOl'IlIS SERPENTARIA, Actsea race-
mosa.
BOTRYS, Chenopodium botrys, see Vitis vini-
fera — b. Ambrosioides, Cheno|)odium ambrosio-
iiles — 1). Americana, Chenopodium ambrosioides
— b. Antlieliuintica, Chenopodium anthelminti-
cum — Vi. McNicana, Chenopodium ambrosioides.
IWTTIXE {¥.). A thin hoot or hmkin, O'cren
le'vinr. An instrument which resembles a small
boot, furnished with springs, straps, buckles, &c.,
and used to obviate distortions of the lower ex-
tixMnities in children.
]5()TTf,K-N0SR. Gutta rosea.
BOTTLH-STOOP. In Pharmacy, an arrange-
ment for giving the proper inclination to a bottle
containing a powder, so as to admit of the con-
tents being readily removed by the knife, in dis-
pensing medicines. It consists of a block of
wood with a groove in the upper surface, to re-
ceive the bottle in an oblique position.
BOTTOM. Niitos.
BO'I'TRY-TRKK, Sambucus.
B0iniAT,TOS, Momordica elaterium, Vulva.
.BOUBON, Bubo.
BOUOAGE ANL% Pimpinella anisura — 6.
Mnjeur, Pimpinella magna — 6. MIneur, Pimpi-
nella sax'ifraga — h. Petit, Pimpinella sa.xifraga.
nOUGIIE, Mouth — 6. Pdteuae, Clammy
mouth.
JIO !fCLE^rENT, Infibulation.
BOUE, see Corruption.
BOUE SPLENIQVE. The altered blood ex-
travasated into the splenic cells has been so
called.
BOUES! DES EAUX {¥.), Bones Minirales,
Bul'iiea Cieiio'sa. The mud or swamp, formed
near mineral springs, impregnated with the sub-
stances contained in such springs, and conse-
quently possessing similar properties. The Boues
are applied generally and topically, in France, at
the springs of St. Ainand, BagnereS de Luchon,
Bagnols, and Bareges; in the United States, at
the While Sulphur in Virginia, &c.
BOUES MINE RALES, Poues des eanx.
BOUFFE, (F.) The small eminence, formed
by the junction of the two lips. — Delaureus.
Bot'FFK. Eructation.
BOUFFEE DE CHALEUR, Flush.
BOUFFISSURE, Puffiness.
BOFG/E, (F.) A wax candle: Candel'nlci,
Cfinde'lti, C cp'ren seu tncdicn'tti, Cp'reiim medi-
rii'tiim, Cere'oliis (Viirnrf/o'riim, Da'dion, Speci/'-
lidti ce'reiiiii, VIrrjn ce'ren, Cere'olitn. A flexible
cylinder, variable in size, to be introduced into
the urethra, oesophagus, rectum, <tc., for the pur-
pose of dilating thei>e canals, when contracted.
A Simple Boiiijie is composed of solid and inso-
luble substant-es ; ns plaster, elastic gum, gutta
pcrcha, catgut — (Bougie de Corde d hoyau,) Ac.
It acts of course only mechanically.
BoroiE, Mkd'icatkd, (F.) B. Medicamenteufie,
has the addition of some escharotic or other sub-
stance to destroy the obstacle; as in the Caustic
Boiifjie. fF.) B. catitfriscinte, B. armee.B. emplns-
liqiic, which has a small portion of Lunar Caus-
tic or Common Caustic inserted in its extremity.
Bueamp has recommended a Bougie, which swells
out near its extremity, for the better dilating of
the urethra. This he calls B. d ventre. The
metallic Bougie, invented by Smyth, is a compo-
sition of metal, allowing of great flexibility; and
a hollow IJoufjie is one with a channel running
through it, to be used in the same manner as the
catheter, or otherwise.
BouoiK, Utehine, Sound, uterine.
BOUILLIE, (F.) Pultic'nla, Pap, from (F.)
houillir, 'to boil.' Flour, beaten and boiled with
milk. It is a common food for infants.
BOUILLON, (F.) from houillir, 'to boil,' Jus,
Sorhit"io. A liquid food, made by boiling the
flesh of animals in water. The osniazome, gela-
tin, and soluble salts dissolve : the fat melts, and
the albumen coagulates. Bouillon is nourishing,
owing to the gelatin and osmazome. The Jjis de
Vinnde is a very concentrated Bouillon, prepared
of beef, mutton, veal, <fec.
BOUILLON, in common language, in France,
means a round fleshy excrescence, sometimes
seen in the centre of a venereal ulcer.
BOUILLON BLANC, Verbascum nigrum.
BOUILLONS MEDICINAUX ou PHAR-
3IAGEUTIQUES, Medicinal or Pharmaceutic
Bonillonn, contain infusions or decoctions of me-
dicinal herbs. The Bouillon anx herbes is gene-
rally composed of sorrel or beef.
BOUILLON d'OS, (F.) Bouillon from hones,
is obtained by treating bones with muriatic acid,
in order to dissolve the earth}' parts. The gela-
tin, which remains, is then boiled with a little
meat and vegetables. — D'Arcet. Bouillon, how-
ever, can be easily obtained from the bones of
roast meat by simple coeticm.
BOUILL ONNEMENT, Ebullition.
BOUIS, Buxus.
BOULE D'ACIER, Ferrum tartarizatum— 6,
de Ifars, Ferrum tartarizatum — b. de Mohheim,
Ferrutn tartarizatum — h. de Nancy, Ferrum tar-
tarizatum.
nOULEAU COMMUN, Betula alba.
BOULESIS, Voluntas.
BOULIM'IA, Bulim'ia, Bulim'ius, Bu'limus,
Bou'limos, Bulimi'asis, JJolis'mos, Eclim'ia, Fames
cani'na sen bovi'na seu lupi'na, Appeti'tus cani-
nus, Appeten'tia cani'na, Adcpha'gia, Cynorex'ia,
Orex'in ci/no'des, Bupi'na, Bupei'na, Phagfg'na,
PhagcdfB'na, from (iovi, 'an ox,' and Xiftog,
' hunger ;' or from iSou, augmentative particle, and
Xifjos, 'hunger,' (F.) Boulimle, Faini canine, F.
derorante, Poli/phagie. An almost insatiable
hunger. A canine appetite. It is sometimes
seen in hysteria and pregnancy ; rarely under
other circumstances.
BOULIMIE. Boulimia.
BOULOGNE, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Boulogne is in the department of Pas-de-Calais,
France. The waters are chalybeate.
BOUNCIN(} BET, Saponaria,
BOUND, Costive.
BOUNTREE, Sambucus.
BOUQUET ANATOMfQUE DE RIOLAN,
(F.) from bouquet, a collection of flowers or other
substances tied together. A name given, by some
anatomists, to the collection of ligaments and
muscles, inserted into the styloid process of the
temporal bone.
Boi'QiTicT Fever. Densrue.
BOURBILLON. see Furunculus (core).
BOURBOX-LANCY, MINERAL WATERS
OF. Bourbon-Lancy is a small village in the
department of Saone-et-Loire, France: where
there are thermal saline springs, containing car-
bonic acid, chloride of sodium, and sulphate of
soda, chloride of calcium, carbonate of lime, iron.
BOURBON L'ARCIIAMBAUT 1^8
BRACIIIOCYLLOSIS
and silica. Their heat is from 106° to 135°
Fiihroiiheit.
BOURBON L'ARCIIAMBAUT. MINERAL
WATERS OF. This town is in the department
of Aliier, six leasues west from Moulins. and
has been long celebrated for its thernial chaly-
beate waters. They contain sul])h()hy(lric acid,
sulphate of soda, magnesia, and lime, carbonate
of iron, and silica. Their temperature varies
between \"C>° and 1-15° Fahrenheit.
BOURBONNE - LES - BAINS, MINERAL
WATERS OF. These springs are seven leagues
from Langres, department of Haute -Marne,
France. They are thermal and saline, and have
been long celebrated. Temperature from 10(;°
to 133° Fahrenheit. The FdcHtioim water, (F.)
Enu de Bniirbonne-les-Bnins, Aqua Borfoiioi'sis,
is composed of water, containing twice its bulk
of carbonic acid, f^xxss; chloride of sodium,
f ^j. chloride of calcium, gr. x, &c.
'iiOURBOULE. MINERAL WATERS OF.
A village near Mont d'Or, where there are two
thermal saline springs.
BOUItDAINB. Rhamnus frangula.
BOl'I{DO,yyK.U/-JXT, Tinnitus anrium.
BOURDON SET. I'ulril'Ins, P. e linawen'tii
coitfec'tus seu rotuu'dus, Donnil. A term in French
surgery for charpie rolled into a small mass of
an olive shape, which is used for plugging wounds,
absorbing the discharge, and preventing the
union of their edges. In cases of deep and pene-
trating wounds, as of the abdomen or chest, a
thread is attached to them by which they may
be readily withdrawn, and be prevented from
passing altotrether into those cavities.
BOUHGENE. Rhamnus frangula.
BOURGEON, Granulation, Papula— ?/. Char-
»ii(, Granulation.
BOURGEONNEMENT, see Generation.
BOURGEONS. Gutta rosea.
BOURGUEPTNE, Rhamnus,
BOURRAGHE, Borago officinalis.
BOURRELET (F.) A Pad, a Border. A
fibro-cartilaginous border, which surrounds cer-
tain articulnr cavities, such as the glenoid cavity
of the scapula and the acetabulum ; by which the
depth of those cavities is augmented. See Cor-
pus Callosum.
BOURRELET ROULE. Cornu ammonis.
BOURSE d BERGER, Thlaspibursa— 6. d
Paxtcur. Thlaspibursa.
BOURSES {LES), Scrotum— 5. Mucilagi-
»ie»«e«. Bursa} mucosae — li. Muqueuaes, Bursas
mucosae.
BOURSOUFLURE, Puffiness.
BOURTREE, Sambucus.
BO USSOLE. Glossanthrax.
BOUT DE SEIN (¥.), 'End of the breast,'
'nipple.' An instrument of caoutchouc or ivory
to place over the nipple when the infant sucks,
soon after delivery, or where the nipple is in a
morbid condition.
BOUTON, Papula— 6. d' Alep. see Anthrax—
6. Malin, see Anthrax — h. d'Or, Ranunculus
acris. • ^
BOUTONNfERE (F.), Fixiu'ra, Licis'io. A
long incision made into the urethra to extract a
cak-ulus from the canal, when it is too large to
be discharged.
Also, a small incision or puncture, made in the
peritoneum, or above the pubis, to penetrate the
bladder in certain cases of retention of urine.
BOVACHEVO, Datura sanguinea.
BOVILL.E. Rubeola.
BOVISTA. Lycoperdon.
BOWEL. Intestine.
BOWLEGGED, see Cnemoseoliosis.
BOWMAN'S CAPSULE, sec Kidney.
BOW.MAN'S ROOT, Euphorbia coroUata, Gil.
lenia trifoliata. Leptandria purpurea.
BOXBERRY. Ganltheria.
BOX. MOUNTAIN, Arbutus nva ursi.
BOX TREE, Buxus, Cornns Florida.
BOXWOOD, Cornus Florida.
BOYAU, Intestine— &. PoUiiiique. sec Pollen.
BRABYLON, Prunum Diimascenum.
BRACIIERIOLUM. Truss.
BRACIIERIUM. Truss.
BRACIIIA COPULATIVA, see Peduncles of
the Cerebellum.
BRACIIIA PONTIS, see Peduncles of the
Cerebellum.
BRACIILlilUS, Brachial — b. Internus, Bru-
chialis anterior.
BRA'CHIAL, Brachia'lin, Brachi(p'uK, from
Bracliiiim, ' the arm.' What belongs to the arm.
Brachial Aponkuro'sis. An aponeurosis,
formed particularly by expansions of the tendinis
of the latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, and del-
toides muscles, and which completely envelops
the muscles of the arm.
Brachial Artery, Arte'ria hrachia'lis, Tin',
meral Artery, (F.) Artere ou Troiic hrachial.
The artery, which extends from the axilla to tho
bend of the elbow; where it divides into A. cuhi-
falis and A. radinlis. It passes along the infer-
nal edge of the biceps, behind the median nerve
and between the accompanying veins. Under
the name Brachial Arten/, Chaussier incluilos
the subclavian, axillary, and humeral, the last
being the brachial proper.
Brachial Muscle, Antrrior, Mus'euhut Bm-
chin'lii Aiite'rior. Brachia'lis internus seu niiti'-
ens, Brachias'na, B. internus. (F.) Jlfificle brnrhiul
interne, Humern-cnbital — (Ch.^ This nniscle is
situate at the anterior and inferior part of the
arm, and before the elbow-joint. It arises, flesliy,
from the middle of the os humeri, and is inserted
into the coronoid process of the ulna. Use, To
bend the fore-arm.
Brachial Plexus, Plexus Brachia'h's. is a
nervous plexus, formed by the interlacing of Ihe
anterior branches of the last four cervical pnirs
and the first dorsal. It is deeply seated in tlie
hollow of the axilla, and extends as far as tho
inferior and lateral part of the nc-k. It gives
off the thoracic nerves, supra and infra scopnlur,
and the brachial (which are six in number), the
axillary, cutanci/us, musculo-cutaneous, radiul,
cubital, and median.
Brachial Veins are two in number, and ac-
company the artery, frequently anastomosin;;
with each other: they terminate in the axillary,
Under the term Brachial Veins, Chaussier in-
cludes the humeral, axillary, and subclavian.
BRACJIIALE. Carpus.
B R A C II I A L ' G I A, Neurnl'gin Braehiu'lii,
from (ijia-)(_Ltiiv, 'the arm,' and aXyoi, 'pain.' Pain
in the arm, neuralgia of the arm.
BRACniALIS. Brachial— b. Anticus. Brachid
muscle — b. Externus, see Triceps extensor cubili
— b. Internus, Brachial muscle.
BRACIIIERIUM, Truss.
BRACIIILE, Truss.
BRACHILUVIUM, Bath, arm.
BRACIIIO-CEPllALIC ARTERY, Innnmi-
nata artcria — b. Veins, InnoininaLne venue.
B R A'C II 1 0-C U'B IT A L, Brachio-cuhUn'liK
That which belongs both to the arm and cnbiln?.
This name has been given to the internal lateriil
ligament of the elbow-joint : because it is at-
tached to the OS brachii or os humeri and to the
cubitus or ulna.
BRACmOCYLLO'SIS, from /^pax"-". '"^^
arm,' and kuAXuxtij, 'the act of making crooked.'
BRACIIION
139
BRAS
Curvature of the arm inwards. Paralysis or loss
of power fri)m curvature of the arm.
BKACHION. Brachiutn.
BllACIIION'CUS, from j3p.i;^(u)i/, 'the arm,'
and oyKOi. 'a swelling.' A tumour of the arm.
BRA'CIII0-KA'DrAL,//;r,rA/o-,v„/,V,7;«. That
■which lielongs to the hracliium and radius. Thi.s
name has been applied to the e.\ternal lateral
ligament of the elbow-joint, because it is attached
to the hniiicrus and to the radius. See Supinator
radii loiiirus.
BUACllIORRTIEU'MA, Rheumctis'mus hra'-
chii, from /jpu;^iwi/, 'the arm,' and ptu/ja. 'deflux-
ion. rlu'uniatisui.' llheumatism of the arm.
BKAClIIOT'OMy, Brnr]n„t„m'!n, from Ppa-
p^KDv, 'arm,' and rojiri, 'incision.' Amputation of
the arm.
BRACIiniOLUM, Truss.
BRA'CIllUM, nni'cli!,,,,, Lncer'tiis, (F.) Bras,
'the arm.' The arm from the shoulder to the wrist,
or the |)art between the shoulder and elbow. See
Humeri Os.
BRA'cnniM Ante'uiur. A rounded process,
which passes from the anterior pair of the cor-
pora quadri,!j;emina (iintei) obliquely outwards
into tlie thahirniis opticus.
BuAciiiuM MovKNs QiiAHTtTS, Latissimus dorsi.
Biia'chium PiJstk'riits. A rounded process,
■wliieh passes from the posterior pair of the qua-
drii^einina (teHten) obliquely outwards into the
optic thalamus.
BRACIIUNA, Nymphomania, Satyriasis.
BRACIIYAU'CHEN, from l3p„xvs, 'short,' and
uxnv,
'neck.' One who has a short neck.
BRACHYCEPH'AL.'E (Gentes), 'short heads,'
from 0finxf's, 'short,' and K€ipa\ij< 'head.' In the
classification of Retzius, those nations of men
whose cerebral lobes do not completely cover the
cerebellum — as the Sclavonians, Fins, Persians,
Turks, Tartars, &c.
BRACIIYCIIRON'TUS, from (ipf>x«i- '?hort,'
and xP"''"!) 'time.' That which continues but a
short time. A term a])plied to diseases which
are of short duration.- — (Jalen.
BRACIIYGNA'TIIUS, from [ipaxv;, 'short,'
and yvaOai, 'the under jaw.' A monster with too
short an under jaw. — Gurlt.
BRACIIYNSIS, Abbreviation.
BRACIIYPNCEA, Dyspnoea.
BRACHYP'OTI, from fipaxvi, 'short,' and
roTrji, 'drinker.' They who drink little, or who
drink rarely. Ilippocrntes, Galen, Focsius.
BRACIIYRHYN'CHUS. from lipaxoi, 'short,'
and pvyxos, 'snout.' A monster with too short a
nose.
BRACIIYSMO.S, Aldireviation,
BRACING, Corroborant.
BRACKEN, Pteris aquilina.
BRADYiESTIIE'SIA, from ffouSvi, 'difficult,'
and aiaihiffii. 'sensation.' Impaired sensation.
BRADYBOLISMUS, Bradyspermatismus.
BRADVECOIA, Deafness.
BRAI)YLOG"IA. Dijsl„'l!n ; fromjSpaSvs, 'diffi-
cult,'and Aoyof. 'a discourse.' Difficultj' of speech.
BR.ADYMASE'SIS, Jirndi/masxe'nis, impro-
perly /{rfi'li/m'inte'ni>i, MntnlHctt'tio d!(Jic"ilh,
from /Spat'ii?, 'difficult,' and unar^aii, 'nmstiea-
tion.' bilVicult mastication. See Dysmasesis.
BRADY.MASTESIS. Bradymascsis.
BRADYl'EP'SIA, Tnrdn cibo'nim concoc'tio,
from lioii^ii(, 'slow.' and vcirria. '1 digest.' Slow
difcestion.— Galen. See Dyspepsia.
BRADYSPERMATFS'.M TS, /lrndi/bo?>s'mHs,
Ehfiiht'li'i Kciii'iiiin iiii/>t(li'ltx, DiiupcrmatWmun,
from tipai^fs. 'slow,' and anpiia, '.sperm.' A slow
emission of sperm.
BRADYSU'RIA, TeiiFi'mim rvni'ca, (F.) T^-
nenrne vi<<ical, from (ipaivs, ' difficult,' and ovptiv,
'to pass the urine.' Painful evacuation of the
urine, with perpetual desire to void it. Dysuria.
BRADYTOCIA, Dystocia.
BRAG'GET, liraijyart, liragwort. A name
formerly applied to a tisan of honey and water,
See Ilydromeli.
BUM LIQUIDE, see Pinus sylvestris — 6.
Sec, Colo))honia.
BRAIN, Cerebrum — b. Fag, see Nervous dia-
thesis.
BuAix,LiTTLE, Cerebellum.
BitAix Pan, Cranium — b.Sand, see Pineal gland.
BRAINE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Braine
is a small village, three leagues froiu Soissons,
France, which has purgative waters similar to
those of Passy.
BRAIRETrE, Primula veris.
BRAKE, COMMON, Pteris Aquilina— b. Rock,
Polypodium vulgare, Polypodium incanum.
15uAKK Root, Po!yi)odium vulgare.
BRAKING, Vomiting, Vomiturition.
BRA.MBLE, AMERICAN HAIRY, see Rubus
frutieosus — b. Common, Rubus fruticosus.
BRA.MBLE-BERRIES, see Rubus fruticosus.
BRAN, Furfur.
BHANC-UliSINE BATARDE, Ileracleum
spondylium.
BRANCA GERMANICA, Ileracleum spondy-
lium— b. Ursina, Acanthus mollis — b. Vera,
Acanthus mollis.
BRANCH, from (F.) Brnnclie, originally, pro-
bably, from (ipaxt'ov, 'an arm,' [?] because branches
of trees, <fcc., go oft" like arms. A term applied,
generally, to the principal division of an artery
or nerve. The word is commonly used synony-
mously with RdiHun ; but often, with the French,
Bidiiche signifies the great division ; — Rnmenu,
Lat. RriiiiuK, the division of the branches ; and
R((iniis('i(lcs, Lat. Raiiiiisculi, the divisions of
these last.
The French, also, speak of the hranches of the
pubis for the Rami of that bone, branches of tlio
ischium for the rami of the ischium, Ac.
BRANCHES DE LA MOELLE ALLON-
GEE [PETITES], Corpora restiformia.
BRANCIII, Branvhm. Swellings of the ton-
sils, or parotid, according to some; — of the thy-
roid gland, according to others.
BRAN'CniA, (Gr.) ^payxia. The gills or re-
spiratory organs of fislies, corresponding to tho
lungs of terrestrial animals.
BRANCIIUS, lipayxos, Raiice'do. A catarrhal
affection of the mucous membrane of the fauces,
trachea, &o. — Galen. Hoarseness.
BRANCI, Cynanche tonsillaris.
BRANCIA, Vitrura.
BRANDWINE, Brandy.
BRANDY", (G.) Branntwcin, Dutch,
Brandwijn, 'burnt wine,' (Old Eng.) Brand-
wine. Viniim adus'tiim seu creiiia'tiim, Agua
VitcB, (F.) Spir'itits vhi Gall'i'ci, (Ph. U. S.)
Spir'itiis Gtdl'icas, Eaii de vie, (S.) Afjiiardienli'.
The first liquid product obtained by distilling
wine. It is composed of water, alcohol, and an
aromatic oily matter, which gives it its flavour.
Brandy is a powerful and diffusible stimulant,
and as such is used in medicine. It has been
also called Liquor Aqiiile'i/ins. See Spirit.
BnANDY, Apple, see Pyrus malus — b. Egg, see
Ovum.
Bkandy-Bottles, see Nymphaea lutea.
Brandy-Face. Gutta rosea.
BRANKS, Cynanche parotidaea.
BRANKUR.SINE, Acanthus mollis.
BliAXyrWEIN, Brandy.
BRAS. See Oryza.
BliAS, Brachium — b. du Cervelet, Corpora res-
tiformia.
BRASDOR'S OPERATION 140
BREGMA
BRASDOR'S OPERATION FOR ANEU-
RISM. An oper.ation by ligature, proposed by
lirasdor, which consists in the application of the
ligature on the distal side of the tumour.
BRASEGUR, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Bras6gur is a place in the diocese of Rhodez,
where there are cathartic waters.
BRASE.VIA, B. Hydropeltis.
Biiasb'nta Hyduopel'tis, Brase'nin, B. Pel-
tii'tii, H 11 drupel' tin purpu'rea, Gehttinn aquat'icn,
Froyleaf. Little Water Lily, Water JtUy, Water
nhield, Water tanjct, Beei'/ood. An indigenous
plant, J.V<(^ Ord. RanunculaceiB, Sex. Syst. Poly-
nndria Polygynia, flourishing from Kentucky to
Carolina and Florida; and covering the surface
of ponds, marshes, &c. The fresh leaves are
mucilaginous, and have been used in pulmonary
complaints, dysentery, &c., like Cetraria.
BiiASKNiA Peltata, B. Hydropeltis.
BRASH, (Sc), of uncertain etymology. A
transient attack of sickness. A bodily indispo-
sition.— Jamieson. A rash or eruption. (Prov.
West of England.)
Brash, Water, Pyrosis,
Brash, Weaning, (Sc.) Speaning hraah,
Atroph'ia Ablactato' rum. A severe form of
diarrhoea, which supervenes at times on weaning.
The Maladie de Oruveilhier appears to be a simi-
lar affection.
BRAStLETTO, see Caesalpinia.
BRASrUM, Malt.
BRASMOS, Fermentation.
BRASS, Sax. bpar, Wclnh, pr6s. AurichaV-
cxtm, properly, Orichal'ctim, ('mountain brass,'
from opo;, 'a mountain,' and p^aXicof, 'brass.')
Chri/sriclial'cos, C/ialcnn, Esccavum, (F.) Airaiii.
A yellow metal, formed by mixing copper with
calamine. The same general remarks apply to it
as to copper. See Cuprum,
BRAS'SICA, Crambe, B.olera'cea seu capita'-
tn seu cnma'na of the old Romans. The C&h-
hiige, {F.) Cfioii potaycr. Ocrfer, Cruciferae. Sex.
Si/it. Tetradynamia Siliquosa. Cato wrote a
book on its virtues. It is a vegetable by no
moans easy of digestion when boiled; when raw,
it appears to be more digestible. When forming
a solid globular mass, like a head, it is the B.
C'apita'ta, (F.) Chou-Uubun, Choii Pomme.
BuAssiCA Canina, Mercurialis perennis — b.
Capitata, Brassica — b. Cumana, Brassica.
IJras'sica EftU't'A, B. hig'pida, Eru'ea, E.foe'-
tida seu sati'va, Siiia'pis eru'ea, Sinym'br{um
ei- Ilea n't rum, Garden Rocket, Roman Rochet,
Shinlock, Ac, (F.) Ghou Roquette, Roqnette.
This was considered by the Romans an aphrodi-
siac.— Columella. The seeds were ordinarily
used.
Bras'siCA FlOr'ida, — Braa'sica Pompeia'na
of the ancients — the Caidijloicer, Catdia Flor'ida,
(F. ) Chou-Jieiir, \s a more tender and digestible
variety.
The Broc'eoli, B. Sabel'licu of the Romans, B,
Jtal'ica, belongs to this variety.
Brassica IIispida. B. eruoa — b. Italica, B.
Florida — b. Marina, Convolvulus soldanella.
Bras'sica NapuS, Napns Si/lveitris, Bu'niaa,
Rape, (F.) Navette. The seed yields a quantity
of oil.
Brassica Nigra, Sinapis nigra — b. Oblonga,
B. rapa — b. Oleracea, Brassica — b. Pompeiana,
B. Florida.
BuAS'siCA Rapa, Rnpa rotmi'dn seu ohlon'ga
Feu napiiH, Rapum maJKS, Sinn'pia tubero'aa,
Turnip, (F.) Chou iiavet, Novet, Rave. The tur-
nip is liable to the same objection (but to a less
extent) as the cabbage.
Brassica Sadellica, B. Florida.
BRATHU, Juniperus sabina.
BRATHYS, Juniperus sabina.
BRAWLINS, Arbutus uva ursi, Vaccinium
vitis ida'^a.
BRAWN. Muscle.
BRA YER, Truss.
BRAYERA ANTIIELMINTICA, Ilagenia
Abyssinica.
BRAZIL WOOD, Cfcsalpinia echinata.
BREAD, see Triticum.
Bread, Gluten. Bread made of wheat dough
deprived of the chief portion of its st:irch by
washing. Bread, made of gluten onl_y, cannot
be eaten, on account of its hardness and tough-
ness; hence one-fifth of the normal quantity of
starch is allowed to remain, and in this form the
bread is said to be tolerably light, eatable, and
moderately agreeable.
BREAn, HousEnoLn, Syncomistos.
BREADBERRY, Pap.
BREAD-FRUIT TREE, Artocarpus.
BREAKBONE FEVER, Dengue.
BREAST, Thorax, Mamma— b. Abscess of the,
Mastodynia apostematosa — b. Pigeon, see Lor-
dosis.
BREAST-GLASS, Milk-glaaa. A glass applied
to the nipple to receive the milk when secreted
copiously by the mamma.
Breast, Irritable, Neuralgia mammae.
BREAST-PANG, SUFFOCATIVE, Angina
pectoris.
BREAST-PUMP, Antlia Lactea.
BREASTWEED, Saururus cernuus.
BREATH, Sax. bpase, (Old Eng.) Aande,
and Ande, IJal'itHS, Anhel'itus, An'imuH, Spir'-
itiis, At'mos, (F.) Halcine. The air expelled from
the chest at each expiration. It requires to be
studied in the diagnosis of thoracic diseases espe-
cially. See Respiration.
Breath, Opfens'ive, Foetor Oris, Catoatoma-
toaphre'ain, Hal'itits oria fvc'tidus, Oze. An offen-
sive condition, which is usually dejiendent upon
carious teeth, or some faulty state of the secre-
tions of the air passages. The internal use of the
chlorides may be advantageous.
Breath, Saturnine, see Saturnine— b. Short,
Dyspnoea.
BREATHING AIR, see Respiration.
Breathing, DirpicuLTY of. Dyspnoea.
BRECHET, (P.) The Briaket. This name is
given in some parts of France to the eartihiyo
enaiformis, and sometimes to the sternum itself.
BRECHMA, Bregma.
BRECHMUS, Bregma.
BREDISSURE {¥.), Triamua Capiatra'tua.
Incapacity of opening the mouth, in consequence
of preternatural adhesion between the internal
part of the cheek and gums; often occasioned by
the abuse of mercury.
BREDOUILLEMENT (F.), Tituhan'tia. A
precipitate and indistinct mode of utterance, ia
which a part only of the words is pronounced,
and several of the syllables viciously changed.
This defect is analogous to stuttering, but differs
from It in being dependent on too great rapidity
of speech; whilst stuttering is characterized by
continual hesitation, and frequent repetition of
the same syllables.
BREE, Supercilium.
BREED, Race.
BREEDING, Generation, Preo-nant
. Breeding, Cross. The act of reusing or breed-
mg from different stocks or families
Breeding-in-and-in. The act of raising or
breeding from the same stock or familv
BREELLS, Spectacles.
BREGMA, Z?;-ccAma, Brechmua, from pptytiv,
'to sprinkle;' Fctanel'la, Sin'ciput. The top
of the head was thus called, because it wa« be-
lieved to be humid in infants; and, according to
BREGMATODYMIA
141
BROMINE
some, hppause it wns conceived to correspond to
the nioHt huiirul part of the brain.
lUlHdMATODYMIA, see Cephalodymia.
IJUKNNIXd, Burning.
BHKIMIOC'TONO.V, Conyza squarrosa.
BH EI'IIOTROIMIK'UM, Ecthe/oh-ephotrophc'-
inii. fVnin (iiic.il.oi, 'a new-born child,' and r/jt^tiv,
'to nourisii.' A foundling hospital.
Jli;h'SILL/'jr, Cassalpina sappan.
BRK'VIA VASA, Short Ve>,,t'ls. This name
has licon given to several branches of the splenic
nrteries anil veins, which are distributed to the
great ml-dn-Han of the stomach.
BRF.VI.S CUBIXr, see Anconeus.
BRICK, (F.) Jiri</ii(;. Hot bricijs are some-
times used to apply heat to a part, as to the ab-
domen in colic, or after the operation for popli-
teal aneurism : or, reduced to very fine powder,
and mixed with fat, as an application to herpetic
and p?oric affections.
BiticKS, Foriia'ceo! Testes or Tiles were for-
merly bruised in vinegar, and the liquid was used
as a specific in cutaneous affections. They en-
tered, also, into a cerate used for scrofulous hu-
iMonrs, itc. To the Term Foriin'cum, or Brick
c'lrth. flic same virtues were assigned.
iniTCKLlKE SEDIMENT, see Lateritious.
BR I CUM UM, Artemisia.
imrDE (P.), 'a bridle.' Fra-'nnlnm, lieti-
unc'iiliiiii. This terra is given, in the plural, to
membranous filaments, which are found within
abscesses or deep-seated wounds, and which pre-
vent the exit of pus. The terra is, also, applied
to preternatural adhesions, which occur in cica-
trices of the skin, in the urethra, or in inflamed
serous or synovial membranes.
BRlEF.'Rife.
BRfKR. WILD, Rosa Canina.
BRIGIirS DISEASE OF THE KIDNEY,
see Ki'lnev, Bright's disease of the.
BRIOHTON, CLIMATE OF. The air of this
fashionable watering-place, on the south coast of
England, is dry, elastic, and bracing. Its cli-
mate appears to the greatest advantage in the
autumn and early part of the winter; when it is
somewliat mihler and more steady than that of
Hastings. Accordingly, it is adapted for all
cases in which a dry and mild air at this season
of the year proves beneficial. In the spring
months, owing to the prevalence of, and its ex-
posure to, north-east winds, the climate is cold,
harsh, and exciting to the delicate. It is well
adapted for convalescents, and for all who require
a dry and bracing sea air.
BRIMSTONE', Sulphur.
BRINE, Maria.
BRIXTON ROOT, Leptandria purpurea.
BRION, Corallina.
BIUQUE. Brick.
DRIQUEBEC, MINERAL AVATERS OF.
This town is three leagues from Cherbourg, in
J'ranee. The water contains chloride of iron.
BRIQl'ETE, Lateritious.
BRISE-COQUE (F.), from hriser, 'to break
to pieces,' and or/iie, ' a shell.' An instrument
designed by lleurteloup for breaking to pieces
the shell of a vesica! calculus, after it has been
hollowed by his lunudrin d rinpile.
BRISE-PIERRE ARTWULE (F.), from
hriser, 'to break to pieces, and pierre, 'a stone.'
An instrument invented by Jacobson for crush-
ing the stone in the bladder.
BRISTOL HOT WELL, Bristolien'sis Aqun.
Bristol is about thirteen miles from Bath, in
England. The water is an almost pure thermal;
slightlv acidulated. It contains chlorides of
magnesium and sodium, sulphate of soda, sul-
phate of lime, carbonate of lime, carbonic acid,
oxygen and azote. Temperature, 74° Fah. The
II(jt Well has been long celebrated. Its action
is like that of thermal waters in general. The
climate of Bristol is mild, and hence the water
has been celebrated for the cure of incipient pul-
monary consumption. See Clifton.
BRIZOCERAS, Ergot.
BROAD, SnjT. bpatj, Latus, (F.) Lnnje. Any
body is so termed whose transverse extent is
considerable compared with its length. The
Broail Roues, such as the frontal, parietal, occi-
pital, iliac, aid in forming the parietes of splanch-
nic cavities. Brood Muselcs generally occupy
the parietes of cavities, and especially those of
the chest and abdomen. The epithet has also
been applied to other parts— as to the brood li'jn-
ments of the womb, Ac.
BROCCOLI, Brassica .sabcllica.
BROCHOS, fipoxos, La'qucits. A bandage.
BROCHT, Vomiting.
BROCH'THUS, (ii>ox%s, Gula. The throat.
Also, a kind of small drinking vessel. — Hipp.
BROCHUS, /3po;^;os. This name has been given
to one who has a very prominent upper lip.
According to others it means one whose teeth
project in front of the mouth.
BRO'DIUM. A synonym of Jus or Jus'cidnm.
Broth, or the liquor in wliich anj' thing is boiled.
Bro'diniii soils — a decoction of salt.
BROIEMENT, see Cataract, Laceration -6.
de In Pierre, Lithotrity.
BROKELEAK, Rumex hydrolapathum.
BROKEN DOSES, see Doses, broken.
BROKEN-WINDEDNESS, Asthma.
BROMA, Aliment, Bromine.
BROMATOECCRISIS, Lientery.
BROMATOCi'RAPIIY. Bromf,to(,rnph'i,t, Bro.
woij' ropht/, Rroniorp-ii/di' in, from /3pw;i(i, 'food,'
and yfiaipri, 'a description.' A description of ali-
ments.
BROMATOL'OGY, Brom(itoIog"i<i, SitioVogy,
from jijjiouia, 'food,' and Xoyo;, 'a discourse.' A
treatise on food.
BROME, Bromine.
BROMEGRASS, Bromus ciliatus — b. Soft,
Bromus ciliatus.
BROME'LIA ANA'NAS, called after Olans
Broinel. a Swede. Cnr'diius Braxilitt'inis, Ano'-
nns ovn'ta seu ocidea'tn, Anns' sn, Cnpn-Isiok'kn,
Ann'nus or Pine Apple, Sonrsnp. Order, Bro-
meliacenj. A West India tree, which produces
the most delicious of fruits.
Bromk'lia PlNGt;iN, Aiin'»ns America'na, Piii-
(fiiin, Brotrd-leoved irild Ano'iuis, &c. The West
India plant, which affords the Pinguin fruit. The
fruit is refrigerant, and the juice, when ripe, very
austere. It is used to acidulate punch. A wine
is made from the Pinguin, which is very intoxi-
cating, and has a good flavour.
BliOMIC, Bro'mirtis; same etymon as Bro-
mine. Containing bromine.
BROMIDE OF IRON, see Bromine — h. of
Mercury, see Bromine — b. of Potassium, see
Bromine.
BROMIDRO'SIS, from (Spwixoi, 'stench,' and
'i6pwi, 'sweat.' Offensive sweat.
BROMINE, Bro'minnm (Ph. IT. S., 18-12), Bro-
wiii'iiiin (1851), Bruinn, Rroinin'eiim, Bro'miimi,
Bro' ininn, Bromitm, Mu'rinu, Jliiride, Bronie.
A simple body, of a very volatile nature, and
highly offensive and suffocating odour, whence
its name, from Pfiui^os, 'a stench.' It is met with
chiefly in sea-water, and in many animal anil
vegetable bodies that live therein. It has like-
wise been found in many mineral waters of this
and other countries. In its chemical relations,
it may be placed between chlorine and iodine.
With oxygen it forms an aciil — the Rromic, and
with hydrogen another — the Hi/drobromic.
BROMIUM
14:
BRONCHITIS
Pure Bromine; Bromide of Irov, Ferr! Bro'-
midnm, Fernim broiiKi'tiiui, (P.) Bromure dc Fer,
in solution, IlyJrobromate of Iron, Ferri liydio-
bro'mus, Fcrruin hi/droiro'iiiiriiiii o.v;jdri'tiiin,{dose,
gr. i or ij.); and Bromide of Po^ssium, Potas'nii
bro'miditiii, (F.) Bromure de jjotassiiim, have been
used mediuinally, and chiefly in scrof'ulosis —
internally, as well as applied externally. Bro-
mine nia3' be dissolved in forty parts of distilled
water, and six drops be commenced with as a
dose. Bromidks or Mercury (Hi/drar'</i/n' Bro'-
mida, (P.) Broiitures de Meroirc), have been given
in syphilis. The prolobromide and the bibroiin'de
are analogous in composition and medicinal pro-
perties to the corresponding iodides of mercury.
Chloiude of Bromine, Bromin'ii chlo'ridam
— made by passing chlorine through brouit'ne, and
condensing the resulting vapours by cold, has been
prescribed internally, as well as externally, in
cancer; but chiefly in the latter mode, in the
form of a caustic paste, either alone or with other
chlorides — as those of zinc, antimony, and gold.
BROMIUM, Bromine.
BR0M0(5RAPIIY, Bromatography.
BROMOS, (iputjioi. One of the cerealia, sup-
posed, by some, to be oats. See Avena.
BROMOSUS, Fetid.
BROMUM, Bromine.
BROMURE DE FER, see Bromine — 6. de
3fercure, see Bromine — b. de Potasm'itm, see
Bromine.
BROMUS CILIA'TUS, B. pnrgam, Brome
gram; indigenous: Order, Gramineae ; is said to
be emetic, and anthelmintic [?], cathartic and
diuretic. It purges cattle.
Bromus Glaber, Triticum repena.
Bromus Mollis, Suft Brome Grans. The seeds
are said to cause giddiness in man, and to be
fatal to poultry.
Bromus Pukgans, B. ciliatus — b. Temulentus,
Lolium temulentum.
BRONCHARCTIA, Bronchiostenosis.
BRONCHECTASIS, Bronchia, dilatation of
the.
BRONCHES, Bronchia — t. GamjUona lym-
pluttiqiu's den. Bronchial glands.
BRONCHI, Bronchia.
BRON'CHIA, Broii'cli!(P, Bronchi, from ^poy.
Xos, 'the throat' The Latins used the terra
Jironehnn for the whole of the trachea; whilst
they called its ramifications Bronchia. Bronchia,
BronchicB, und Bronchi, (F.) Bronclies, now mean
the two tubes, with their ramifications, which
arise from the bifurcation of the trachea, and
carry air into the lungs — Gan'nulce pidmo'num,
Syrin'i/es seu Cana'len aerij'eri.
Bronchia, Dilatation op the. Dilated Bron-
chia, Bronchec'tanis, Brouchiec'tasis, Dilatntio
bronchio'rum. The physical signs of this condi-
tion are the following: PercHsiion usually clear,
but not unfrequently less so than natural, although
very seldom quite dull. A uscultation detects coarse
mucous or gurgling rhonehi, increased by the
cough, combined with, or replaced by, bronchial
or cavernous respiration, which is often effected
as if b}' a sudden puff or whiff. The resonance
of the voice is increased, but it seldom amounts
to perfect pectoriloquy. The most common situa-
tions for dilated bronchia are the scapular, mam-
mary, or lateral regions. They are almost always
confined to one side.
Broncuia, Obliteration or Compression of
THE. The inspiratory murmur on auscultation
is weaker or wholly suppressed over a limited
portion of the chest ; the expiration is generally
more distinct and prolonged: all the other con-
ditions are natural.
BRONCHIA, see Bronchia.
BRON'CHIAL, Bronchic, Bronchia'Ux, Bron'-
chicHS, (F.) Bronchial, Brouckiqtie. That which
relates to the bronchia.
Bronchial Ahteriks, (F.) Artcree Bronchlquet.
These are generally two in number, one going to
each lung. They arise from the thoracic aorta,
and accompany the bronchia in all their ramifi-
cations.
Bronchial Cells, (F.) Cellules bronc/iir/ncs.
The Air-cells; the terminations of the bronchia.
Bronchial Cough, (P.) J'oit.c bronchiqne, T.
tnhaire. This generally accompanies bronchial
respiration. They both indicate obstruction to
the entrance of air into the air-cells.
Bronchial Glands, Glan'dnlop, Vesalia'nce,
Glands of Vesa'lius, (F.) Glandea bronchiqiies,
Gunylions hjmphaliqnes des branches, are numr.
rous glands of an ovcjid shape; of a reddish hue
in the infant, find subsequently brown and black,
seated in the course of the bronchia. Their func-
tions are unknown. The bronchial glands may
be presumed to be affected by scrofulosis, when,
in addition to the existence of tumours in the
neck, percussion gives a dull sound under the
upper and central part of the sternum, whilst
there is no appreciable lesion of the lungs.
Bronchial Nerves, (F.) Nerfs bronchiques,
are furnished by the two pulmonary plexuses.
Bronchial Phthisis, see Phthisis bronchial —
b. Respiration, see Murmur, respiratory.
Bronchial Veins arise from the last divisions
of the arteries of the same name, and pass, on
the right side, into the vena azygos ; on the left,
into the superior intercostal.
BRONCHIC, Bronchial.
BRONCHIECTASIS, Bronchia, dilatation of
the.
BRONCIIIITIS, Bronchitis.
BRON'CIIIOLE, lironchiolum, Bronchiolna;
diminutive of Bronchium or Bronchus. A minuta
bronchial tube.
BRONCHIOPNEUMONIA, Bronchopneumo-
nia.
BRONCIIIOSTENO'SIS, Bronchiarc'tia, from
fipoyxoi, 'a bronchus,' and artvoiais, 'contraction.'
Contraction or narrowness of the bronchi.
BRONCUITE CONVULSIVE, Pcrtussis-J.
Paeudonienihraneuse, Polypus bronchialis.
BRONCHI'TIS, Bronchi i't is, Lijlamma'tio
bronchio'rum, Cat<ir'rhns f'idtno'num seu bron-
chio'rum, Pleuri'tis hn'midii seu bronchin'lis,
Bronchos'tasis, Ant/i')ia bronchia'lis, Piil'inonary
Catfirrh, (F.) Injlammation des Branches. In-
flammation of the lining membrane of the bron-
chial tubes. This is always more or less present
in cases of pulmonary catarrh ; and is accompa-
nied by cough, mucous expectoration, dyspnoea,
and more or less uneasiness in breathing. The
acute form is accompanied with all the signs of
internal inflammation, and recjuires the employ-
ment of antiphlogistics followed by revulsives.
The chronic form, Tussis seni'lis, Catar'rhug seni'-
lis, Rhcuma catarrha'le, Peripneumn'nia nothn,
Bronchorrhw'a acn'ta, Winter Contjh, Chronic
Catarrh, may be confounded with phthisis; from
which it must be distinguished mainly by the
absence of hectic fever and of the physicalsigns
that are characteristic of the latter, as well as
by the nature of the expectoration, which is ge-
nerally mucous, although at times muco-purulent.
When the expectoration is little or none, the bron-
chitis is said to be dry, dry catarrh, (F.) Catarrhe
Sec.
When bronchitis affects the smaller tubes, it is
termed capil'lary bronchi'tis. bronchi'tis capillu'-
ris, brouchoc'ace infanti'lis [?], and is often fatal
to children. Vcsic'ular bronchitis is the term
proposed by M.M. Rilliet and Barthcz for the
vesicular pneumonia of children.
BRONCniUS
14 3 BRUIT DECK A Q UEMEXT
BnoNrniTis, Catarrh — b. Asthenica, Peripneu-
TDoniii iiotha — b. Capillary, gee Bronchitis — b.
Chronic, see Bronchitis — b. Crouposa, Polypus
bronchialis — b. Convulsiva, Pertussis — b. Exsu-
(lativa, Polypus bronchialis.
BuoNCnrns, Mkchan'ical. Inflammation of
the lining rnetnbrane of the air-tubos, induced by
the inhalation of irritating particles.
Buo.NciiiTis Mkmbranacka, Polypus bronchia-
lis— b. Plastic, Polypus bronchialis — b. Pseudo-
membranous, Polypus bronchialis — b. Summer,
Fever, hnv — b. Vesicular, see Bronchitis.
BROXCII I US. Sterno-thvroideus.
BROXCHLHMMITIS, Polypus bronchialis.
BHONCUOCACE, Peripneumonia notha — b.
Infantilis, see Bronchitis.
BKONCIIO-CATARRIIUS, Catarrh.
BIlONCIIOCE'IiE, from /?/7oy;^o5, 'a bronchus,'
and Kti'Xri, 'tumour.' An inaccurate name for the
iidection which is called, also, Jin'cln'nm, Botiiim,
JSociiim, Hernia fjut'turis seu gvti}tr(('lia seu brun-
rhia'Un, Giittiir tu'midum seu ylobo'imm, Trnche-
luphii'mn, Thyroce'Ie, Thyreoce'le, Trnrheoce'le,
Trticheloce'le, Thi/remphraj-'is, I'/ii/reapIirax' ia,
Tfnjrophrax'ia, Tlii/reoii'citfi, Thi/rou'cim, Ueiioii'-
ciis, Dcron' cus, Gonntim, Go'tium, Ejcechebron'rhus,
(lotujro'na, Struma, Glaus, Tuber f/utturo'nur»,
Gdtte'rla, &c., the Derht/nhire neck, Swelled neck,
Wen, Goitre, &c., (F.) Goitre, Goueire, Hyper-
trophie (lu Corjjs Tlu/roide, Grosne Gon/e, Gros
ViiH. This is no rupture, but consists of an en-
largement of the thyroid gland. It is common
at the base of lofty mountains in every part of
the world; and has been supposed to be owing
to the drinking of snow-water, but it occurs
where there is no snow. The tumour is some-
times very e.xtensive. Iodine has great power
over it, and will generally occasion its absorp-
tion, when the case has not been of such dura-
tion as to have ended in a cartilaginous condition.
BllONCHOCEPHALITIS, Pertussis.
BKONCIIOPARALYSIS, Asthma.
BRONCHOPHONY, Resonance— b. Pectorilo-
quoiis. Pectorilo()uv — b. Strong, Pectoriloquy.
BRONCHOPLAS'TIC, Bronehoplnx'tienx, from
^j)oy)(_oi, 'a bronchus,' and n^aaau). ' I form.' An
epithet given to the operation for closing fistulas
in the trachea : Jiron'chophistj/.
BRONCIIOPNEUMO'NIA, Bron'chiopneu.
vio'niii, from |IJ/joy;^oj, 'a bronchus,' and Pneumo-
nia. Infiammation of the bronchia and lungs.
BRONCHORRHCE'A, (F.) Ihouchorriae, Ca-
tnrrhe pituiteu.i:/'hle;jinorrh'i;/ie pulmonaire,FhlJ•
bronchi(jue, from fipoyxoi. •bronchus,' and pcia, 'I
flow.' An increased secretion of mucus froni the
air passages, accompanied or not by inflammation,
— a gleet, as it were, of the pulmonary mucous
membrane. When excessive, it may constitute
PhlliixiH pituito'ga seu viuco'kii, Mi/<-o-jilillii'nis.
BiiONCHoitiiiKEA Acuta, Bronchitis (chronic).
BRONCHOSTASIS, Bronchitis.
BRONCHOTOMK. lironchot'omus. from Ppoy-
■)(oq, and Ttiivuv, 'to cut.' A kind of lancet, with
a blunt and rounded point, mounted on a handle,
and fitted to a canula, which passes in along with
it, and is allowed to remain in the opening made
in the trachea.
BROXCHOTOMY. nronch,>ton,'ia,(Y.) Bron-
rholnmie. Same etymology. A surgical operation,
which consists in niaking an opening either into the
irnvhen.{Tr<ieheot'o,ni/:) int.. the laryn.x, (Lanjn-
(/ot'orn,/:) or into both, ( Tracliea-hfrijinjot'omy.) to
extract foreiirn bodies or to permit the passage of air
to the lungs. These difl'ercnt parts are divided trans-
versely or verticallv. according to circumstances.
BRONCHO-VESICULAR RESPIRATION,
see Respiration. , . „ ,
BRONCHUS, see Bronchia, Irachea.
BROOKLIME, Veronica bcccabunga.
BROOM, Sophora tinctoria, Spartium scnpa-
tium — b. Butcher's, Ruscus — b. Clover, Sophora
tinctoria — b. Indigo, Sophora tinctoria — b. Rape,
of Virginia, Orobanche Virginiana — b. Spanish,
Spartium junceum — b. Yellow, Sophora tinctoria.
BROSSARDIERE, MINERAL AVATERS
OF. Brossardiere is a chateau in Bas-Poitou,
France. The waters contain carbonates of iron
and lime, chloride of sodium, and sulphate of
lime. They are aperient.
BROSSE, Brush.
BROTH, CHICKEN, see Chicken Broth.
BliOTH, Vegetablk. Take two potatoen, a car-
rot, and an onion, all cut fine : boil in a quart of
water for an hour, adding more water from time
to time, so as to keep the original quantity : fla-
vour with salt, and a small quantity o\' potlmrbs ;
strain. A little mushroom catchup improves the
flavour.
BROTHER, UTERINE, see Uterine.
BROVILLA RD, Caligo.
BROUS'SALST. One who is a believer in, and
professor of, the physiological and pathological
opinions of Broussais. The system itself was
called BliOussA'isM, or the PhysioUxjical Doc-
trine.
BROW, Front — b. A^uo, Neuralgia frontalis.
BROWN RED, Colcothar.
BROWN'IAN, lirowno'ninn, Brnno'ninn. Re-
lating to the system or oninions of John Brown.
BROWNISM, Brn'nfniim, Bruno' ninnism.
The doctrines of Brown.
BROWNIST, Browno'ninn, Bruno'nian. A
follower of the svstcni of Brown.
BRU'CEA ANTI-DYSENTER'ICA. Called
after Bruce, the Abyssinian traveller. B. ferru-
i/in'ea, Anf/ustn'ra spu'ria, (F.) Pousse Angus-
tiire, A. Ferruf/iueuse. The systematic name of
the plant whence was obtained — it was supi>osed
— false An(justura or false Cnsparia Bark. It
is really the hark of Strychnos nux vomica.
BRliCIA, Brucine.
BRUCINE, Brn'cia, Bruci'nn, Bruci'mtm,
Bru'eiiim, Pseiirlanrpisturi'num, Canirami'niim,
Ciniira'mium, Vom'icine, Amjus'turine. An orga-
nic, salifiable base, discovered in the false angus-
tnra — Brucen anti-dysenter'ira, and obtained from
Strychnos nue vom'ica. It is of a pearly white;
crystallizes in oblique prisms with a parallelo-
grammatic base; is very bitter, slightly acrid
and styptic, and soluble in water, but more so ia
alcohol. Brucia is a less active poison than
strychnia. It resembles it, however, and may
be used as a substitute for it and for the extract
of nux vomica. Dose, half a grain.
BRUCKENAU, MINERAL WATERS OF.
These springs are in Bavaria, and contain car-
bonic acid and iron.
BRU COURT, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Brucourt is three leagues and a half from Caen,
in Normandy. The waters contain carbonic acid,
chloride of sodium, and sulphate of soda, much
sulphate of lime, &e.
BRUICK, Furunculus.
BRUISE, Contusion.
BRUISE-ROOT, Stylnphorum diphyllum.
BRUTSEWORT, Bellis saponaria.
BBUfSSE.UEXT (F.), Frem'itus. This word
has much the same signification as Bourdonnement,
as well as Bruit.
BRUIT (F.). 'sound.' A French term, applied
to various sounds heard on percussion and aus-
cultation, viz. :
BRVIT DE CRAQUEMENT, B.de Tiraille-
ntent. Bruit de cuir neuf, Cri de cuir, ' sound of
crackling, or bursting, or of new leather.' A
sound produced by the friction of the pericar-
dium, when dried and roughened by influmma-
tiuD.
BRUIT DU C(EUR FCETAL 14 4
BRUSH
BR UIT DU CCEUllfCETAL, Bnttemem dou-
bles, Double bruit (In Oieur ihi Ftetua. The pul-
sations of the foetal heart heard in auscultation
in the hitter half of utero-gestation.
BRUIT DE OUIR ^EUF, Bruit de craque-
ment.
BE UIT DE LIABLE, Ronflement du Diable,
Bruit de suuffie d double courant, ' noise of the
diable, or humming-top.' Veuoun hum. A high
degree of^ Bruit de soujffiet, heard on auscultating
the itrtcries or veins— probably the latter — of the
neck, in chlorosis. It denotes an impoverished
state of the blood.
BR UIT DOUBLE DU G(EUR BU FOETUS,
Bruit du Vtiur fatal — b. d'Ej-punsion pulino-
iiaire, see Murmur, respiratory — b.de FrSlement,
see Frolciuent — b. de Froinsement 2}>dnionaire,
see Froissemeut p\d,monnire — b. de Fruleinent
pericardiqiie, see Frolement pericardique.
BR UIT DEFR 0 ITEM ENT ASCENDANT
ET DESCENDANT, 'sound of friction of ascent
and descent.' Sounds produced by the rubbing of
the lung against the parietes of the chest, as it
rises and falls during inspiration and expiration.
They are distinctly heard in pleuritis, when the
pleura has become roughened by the disease.
Friction sounds, Rubbing sounds, To-and-fro
Sounds are also heard in pericarditis and perito-
nitis.
BRUTT HUMORIQUE, B. Hydropneuma-
tique. The sound afforded on percussion when
organs are filled with li(iuid and air.
BRUIT HYDROPNEUMATIQUE, Bruit
humorique — b. de Jappement, see SiJ/iement mo-
dide — b. de Lime d bois, see Bruit de Scie.
BRUIT BE MOUCHE {¥.), 'fly sound.' A
sound analogous to the Bruit de diable — so called
from its likeness to the buzzing of a fly — heard
on auscultating the neck in chlorotic cases.
BRUIT MUSCULAIRE. The sound accom-
panying the first sound of the heart, referred by
some to muscular contraction. Called, also.
Bruit rotatoire, in consequence of its having
been thought to resemble the rumbling of dia-
tant wheels.
BRUIT MUSICAL, SIfflement module.
BRUIT DE PARCHEMIN, 'parchment
tone.' A sound as if produced by two sheets of
parchment applied to each other. It is said to
be produced by thickening and rigidity of the
valves of the heart.
BRUIT I) E PIAULEMENT, see Sifflcment
module.
BRUIT PLACENTAIRE, B. de souffle pla-
centaire ou uterin. Souffle nterin ou placeutaire,
Placental belloios' sound, Ufero-placen'tal mur-
mur, U'terine ninrntur. The bellows' sound heard
on auscultating over the site of the placenta in a
pregnant female. It does not appear to be ow-
ing to the placental vessels ; but to the uterine
tumour pressing upon the large vessels of the
mother.
BRUIT DE POT FELE, 'sound of a cracked
vessel.' Cracked ]3ot sound. A sound heard on
percussion, when a cavern in the lungs is filled
with air, and has a narrow outlet. It is not diag-
nostic, however.
BRUIT DE RACLEMENT, 'sound of scrap-
ing.' A sound produced by the scraping of hard,
solid membranes, as the pericardium, against each
other, very analogous to Bruit de crnquement.
BRUIT DE RAPE, 'sound of a rasp.' A
sound heard during the contraction of either the
auricles or ventricles. It is constant; and the
contraction of the cavity is more prolonged than
natural, and emits a hard, rough, and — as it were
- -stifled sound.
It indicates contraction of the valvular orifices
by cartilaginous deposits, or ossification, aiul is
better heard near the ape.x of the heart, if tlio
auriculo-ventricular valves be concerned,— neiir
the base, if the semilunar valves be the scut of the
disease.
BRUIT RESPIRATOIRE, Murmur, respi-
ratory.
BRUIT ROTATOIRE, Bruit viusculaire.
BRUIT DE SCIE, or 'saw sound,' and BiuiiT
DE LIME A BOIS, or ' file sound,' resemble the Bruit
de Rape. v
BRUIT DE SOUFFLE A DOUBLE COU-
RANT, Bruit de Diable.
BRUIT DE SOUFFLET, Bruit de Sonffl,;
'bellows' sound,' ' blowing sound.' A sound like
that of a bellows, heard occasionally by the ear
applied to the chest during the contraction of tlie
ventricles, auricles, or large arteries. It coexists
with affections of the heart, but is heard, also,
without any disease of that organ, — whencvei-,
indeed, an artery is compressed. An Enccpludic
belloics' sound, (F.) Bruit de souffle ccj'hdtiqnv,
has been described by Drs. Fisher and Wliitney.
It is heard on applying the ear to the occiput or
to the top of the head ; and is considered to indi-
cate turgescence of vessels, or inflammation.
When such turgescence exists, the vessels are
compressed, and the compression gives rise to
the sound in question. [?]
BRUIT DE SOUFFLE CEPHALIQIJE, see
Bruit de soufflet — b. de Souffle placentniri^,
Bruit placentaire — 6. de Souffle uterin, Bruit
placentaire — b. de Tiraillement, Bruit de craque-
ment.
BRUIT DE SOUP APE, 'valvular or flap-
ping noise.' A sound heard in respiration, when
a foreign body is in the air passages. It some-
what resembles the flapping of a valve; hence its
French name.
BRUIT DE TAFFETAS, 'sound of taf-
feta.' ' Sarcenet sound.' A respiratory sound,
so named, by M. (JrisoUe, from its resembling the
sound caused by the tearing of a piece of taffeta;
and which he considers to indicate hepatization of
the lung, limited to the surface, in pneumonia.
BRUIT TYMPANIQUE, ' tympanic sound.'
The clear sound afforded by percussing the sto-
mach and intestines when containing air.
BRUIT UTERIN, B. placentaire.
BRUITS DU CIEUR, see Heart.
BllUK, Furunculus.
BRULURE, Burn.
BRUNEI LE, Prunella.
BRUNNER'S GLANDS, Brunneri Glan'diiJce,
G. Brunncria'na seu sidila'ricB, Solitarii ijhinik
or follicles. Second pan'creas. Compound muci-
parous follicles, seated between the mucous and
muscular coats of the stomach, along the two
curvatures of that organ, and in the duodenum;
so called from their discovery having been gene-
rally attributed to Brunner. The solitary intes-
tinal follicles are often known, at the ])rcsent
day, as the glands of Brunner, although Brunner
restricted the latter term to the glands of tbo
duodenum.
BRUNONIAN, Brownian.
BRUNONIANISM, Brownism.
BRUNUS, Erysipelas.
BRUSCUS, Ruscus.
BRUSH, Scop'ula, (F.) Brosse. A well-known
instrument, used in medicine chiefly f(jr the fol-
lowing purposes : — 1. To clean the teeth. 2. To
remove the saw-dust which adheres to the teeth
of the trephine, during the operation of trephin-
ing. 3. To rub the surface of the body, lor the
purpose of exciting the skin, and favouring trans-
piration. ■\Vestring, a Swedish physician, has
BRUTA
14i
BUBONOREXIS
reoommpndod metallic brushes for the purpose
of conveying jjalvniiisin to a pnrt. These brushes
consist of a ()latc of ebony fitted to another of
gold, in which threads of the same metal are
fixed: — the brush being connected with one of
the poles of the galvanic pile.
Bnisii, Stomach, Excutia ventriculi.
BllU'l'A, .luniperus sabina.
BRU'TIA. A sort of thick pitch, obtained from
Brutiii, in Italy. From Pix Brutia was obtained
the O'I'-iiin f'ici'n^im.
BiitTiA, Instinct.
BRUTINO, Terebinthina.
JiRI'TOfjK. see Cerevisia.
BRUXANELLI. A Malabar tree, the bark
and leaves of which have a strong smell, and are
astringent. On the coast of Malabar, its juice,
mi.ved with butter, is applied to boils. Its bark
is esteemed to be diuretic, and its roots anti-
arthritic ^
BRUYERE VULGATRE, Erica vulgaris.
BliUYERES, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Bruycres is a small village, 7^ leagues from
Luneville. The waters are acidulous and chaly-
beate.
BRVCRTOS, see Algidns.
BRYCHETHMOS, Rugitus.
BRYCIIKTOS, see Algidus.
BRYdlMA, Brt/fiiniin, Trisis, Prist's, Prismus,
Odontnpri'niH, Stridor Deu'tiutii, (F.) Grincement
dea Dents. Grinding of the teeth. A common
symptom, in children, of gastric or other derange-
ment, but often present when there is no reason
to suspect any.
BRYONE, Bryonia — h. d'Amerique, Convol-
vulus Mechoacan.
BRYO'NIA AFRTCA'NA, African Brjf'oity,
from (ifivto, ' I bud forth.' A South African
plant, common amongst the Hottentots, which,
in the form of decoction, acts simultaneously as
an emetic, cathartic, and diuretic. It is used by
the natives in cutaneous diseases, dropsy, and
syphilis. The tincture is a powerful emetic and
cathartic. — Thunberg.
Brvo'nia Alba, White Bri/'ony, Vitia alhn
sylvcs'lris, Ar/ros'tis, Ai/riam'peloa, Am'pelos
a'gria, Erhetni'sis, Bryii'nia as'pera seu Di-
oi'cn, Cedrna'tis, Chelido'nium, Lnhrns'cn, Me-
lo'thrum, Ophrostnph'ylon, Psilo'thrnm. Ord.
Cucurhitacea?. Se.r. Sifst. Monoecia Monadelphia.
(P.) Coii/eitrree, Vifjiie vieri/e, V. blanche, Navet
du diahle ou galant. The root is large and suc-
culent, and has an acrid, bitter, and disagreeable
taste. It is a drastic cathartic. E.xternally, it
has been applied, in form of cataplasm, in gout.
When repeatedly washed, a good starch is ob-
tained from it. The active principle has been
separated from it, and called 7/;-y'o(n'»c.
Buyoxia Mr.c'iioACAXNA Nigricans, Convol-
vulus jalapa — b. Nigra, Tamus communis — b.
Peruviana, Convolvulus jnlapa.
BRYOXINE. see Bryonia alba.
BRYOXY, BLACK, Tamus communis — b.
White. Brvonia alba — b. Wild, Sycios angulatus.
' BRY'I'IA. i\[arc of grapes.
BRYTOLATURE, see Cerevisia.
BR YTOLE, see Cerevisia.
BRYTOX. Cerevisia.
BU, j3oii, abbreviation of /Jouf, 'an ox,' in com-
position expresses 'excess, greatness.' Hence
Bufinnis. BnphlhaJmia, <tc.
BUBASTECORDIUM, Artemisia vulgaris.
BUBE, Pustule.
BUBO, finvfiuiv, Pano'chia, Panna inguinn'ha,
Adenophi/'ina inffninn'Hs. Bnhonnpa'nns, Bubo-
linn'cns, ' Iluhnn'cns, Cmnbii'rn, Anijiis, Bonbon,
Codoce'le, Codnscel'hl, (F.) Bnbon, Poulnin. In
the works of Hippocrates and Galen, this word
10
sometimes signifies the groin — Tnfjuen ; at other?,
the inguinal glands ; and at others, again, swell-
ing or inflammation of these parts. The moderns
apply the term to an inflammatory tumour seated
in the groin or axilla, and they generally distin-
guish— 1. Simple or Si/inpathctic Bubo, which is
independent of any virus in the economy. 2.
Venereal liubo, {¥.) Biibon renerien, which is oc-
casioned by the venereal virus. 3. Pcstllentiul
Bubo, or B. symptomatic of the Plarjiie. The last
two have by some been called malignant Bubo,
(F.) Bubon malin.
Primary Bubo, (F.) Bubon primitif, shows it-
self with the first symptoms of syphilis: the eou-
eecntire not till afterwards.
BUnON, Bubo, Inguen — b. Gummiferum, see
Ammoniac gum.
BUBON D-EMBLEE {¥.). An enlargement
and suppuration of one or more of the inguinal
glands, not preceded by any other of the more
common forms of venereal disease, nor by any
other syphilitic symptom.
Bubon Gal'banum. The systematic name of a
plant which has been supposed to afford galba-
num; 3[<:lo'pion, 3I<tto'rium. The plant is ali-o
called Fer'ula A/rica'na, Oreoseli' num Africn'-
num, Ani'sutn frutico'sum galboni/'erntn seu Af-
riea'num frutee' cena, Seli'num Galbanum, Aijaayl'-
lis gal'banum, The long-leaved or lovage-leuved
Gal'banum. Ord. UmbelliferiB. The ]ilant can
scarcely, however, be considered to be determined.
By the Dublin College, it is referred to Opo'i'dia
Galbanif era, Ord. Umbelliferee. Galbanum is
the gumrai-resinous juice. Its odour is fetid, and
taste bitter and acrid : the agglutinated tears are
of a white colour, on a gr(mnd of reddish-brown.
It forms an emulsion when triturated with water,
and is soluble in proof spirits of wine, and vine-
gar: sp. gr. 1"212. It has been given as an anti-
spasmodic and expectorant, in pill or emulsion.
Dose, from gr. 10 to 60. Externally, it is applied
as a cataplasm.
Bubon galbanum is a South African plant; and
is reputed to be an excellent diuretic, under the
name of Wil<l Celery. A decoction of the leaves
is given in dropsy and gravel. According to
Pappe, the resinous matter, which exudes from
the stem, ditfers in appearance, smell, and iu
every respect, from Gumtni Galbanum.
Bubon Macedon'icum, Athamau'ta Jfacedon'-
ica, Petroacli' num Macedoii'irum, A'piuiii pefrcs'-
nm, Pctra'pSum, (F.) Persil de Jllacedoine, Mace-
do'nian Parsley. Its properties are similar to
those of common parsley, but weaker and less
grateful. The seeds are an ingredient in the
celebrated comriounds, Mithridato aud Theriac.
BUBONA. Nipple.
BUBONALGIA, from ;3ou/?wv, 'the groin,' and
aXyoi, 'pain.' Pain in the groin.
BUBONCUS, Bubo.
BUBO'NIUM,^l.'(^er^(;'<iV»», Golden Starwort.
A plant anciently supposed to be efficacious in
diseases of the groin, from jSovliiov, 'the groin.'
BUBONOCE'LE, hom jiovH'^'v, 'the groin,' and
<c;)Xt7, ' tumour,' ' rujiture.' ller'nia inguiita'Ho,
fn'guinal Hernia, Rupture of the Groin. (F.)
Hemic inguinale. Some surgeons have confined
this term to hernia when limited to the groin,
and have called the same afl"ection, when it has
descended to the scrotum, Osckeoce'le, Scrotal
Hernia. The rupture passes through the abdo-
minal ring: and, in consequence of the greater
size of the opening in the male, it is more fre-
quent in the male sex.
BUBONONCUS. Bubo.
BUBONOPAXUS, Bubo.
BUBONOREX'IS, from 0nvfi,ov, 'the groin,'
and pi^ti, 'a rupture.' A name given to bubono-
cele when accompanied with a division of the pe-
BUBONULUS
146
BULBOCODIUM
ritoTicum, or when, in other words, it is devoid
of a .-^ae.
BUBON'ULUS, n,ibuu'eiilt(8. A diminutive
of Bilbo. A painful swelling of the lymphatics
of the penis, extending along the dorsum of that
organ to the groin. It is an occasional accom-
paniment of gonorrhoea.
BUDUKLE. A word used by Shakspeare for
a red jiimple on the nose.
BUBUNCULUS, Bubonulus.
BUCAROS, Terra Portugallic.a.
BUCCA, Giiatkos. The mouth. The cheek
and hollow of the cheek. Also, the vulva.
BUCCAC'RATOX, from Biicca, and /cpau, 'I
nii.x.' A morsel of bread sopped in wine, which
served of old for a breakfast. — Linden.
BUCCAL, Biiccu'lis, from Bucca, 'the mouth,'
or rather ' the cheek.' That which concerns the
mouth, and especially the cheek.
BuL'CAL Artery, Artere Sns-majctllnire, (Ch.)
arises from the internal maxillary or from some
of its branches, as the Temporalis profunda an-
tica, or the Alveolar. It distributes its branches
to the buccinator muscle, and to the buccal mem-
brane.
Buccal Glaxds, Molar Glomh. Mucous fol-
licles, seated in the buccal merabnvno, opposite the
molar teeth. They secrete a viscid humour, which
mixes with the saliva, and lubricates the m(mth.
Buccal Membrane, (F.) Membrane Bnccale.
The mucous membrane, which lines the interior
of the mouth.
Buccal Nerve, Buccina'tor Nerve, Bnccola-
lidl — (Ch.), is given off by the inferior maxillary.
It sends its branches to the cheek, and especially
to the buccinator muscle.
Buccal Vein follows the artery.
BUC'CEA, Buccel'la. The fleshy excrescence
of nasal polypus, so called because it was believed
to proceed from the mouth. — Paracelsus. Also,
a mouthful.
BUCCELA'TON, Burcela'tnu. A loaf-shaped
cathartic medicine ; made chiefly of scammony.
— Aetius, Paulus of iEgina.
BUCCELLA, Bolus, Buccea.
BUCCELLA'TIO. A mode of arresting hemor-
rhage, by applying a pledget of lint to the bleed-
ing vessel. — Avicenna, Fallopius.
BUCCINA, Turbinated bones.
BUCCINA'TOR, from bnccinare, 'to sound
the trumpet.' The Buccina'tor Jftiscle, Retrac'-
tor An'cjnli Oris, Biieco-Alveolo-maxiUaire, Alve-
olo-hibial — -(Ch.), Manao'riuit, is situate in the
substance of the cheeks. It extends between the
posterior portions of the alveolar arches of the
two jaws and the commissure of the lips, which
it draws backward. It assists in mastication, by
pushing the food back towards the teeth ; and,
if the cheeks be distended by air, its contrac-
tion forces it out.
BUCCO. One who is blub-cheeked, or wide-
mouthed. In composition, the mouth.
BUCCO-AL YEOLO-MAXILLAIRE, Bucci-
ua tor.
BUCCO-LABIAL NERVE, Buccal nerve.
BUCCO PHARYNOE'AL, Bnceo-Phari/nr/e'-
tis, (F.) Biicco-Pharynyien. Belonging to the
mouth and pharynx. The Biuro-phartpKje'al
Aponeiiro'sis or Intermax'illari/ Lii/'ameiif, ex-
tends from the internal ala of the pterygoid pro-
cess to the posterior part of the lower alveolar
arch, and affords attachment, anteriorly, to the
buccinator, and, posteriorly, to the constrictor
pharyngis superior.
BUC'CULA, from Bnrca, 'the mouth.' A
small mouth. The fleshy part beneath the chin.
— Bnrtholinc.
BUG ERAS, Trigonella fcenum — b. Foenum
Graecum, Trigonella foenum Gra;cum.
BUCnU, Diosraa crenata— b. Leave.', Diosma
crenata.
BUCKBEAN, Menyanthes trifoliata— b. Ame-
riean, Menvantlies verna.
BUCKBERRY. Vaccinium stamineum.
BUCKET FEVER, Dengue.
BUCKEYE. .lEsculus hippocastanum.
BUCKHO, Diosma crenata.
BUCKTHORN, PURGING, Rhauinus.
BUCKU, Diosma crenata.
BUCKWHEAT, Polygonum fagopyrum — b.
Plant, eastern. Polygonum divaricatum.
BUCNEMIA, see Elephantiasis — b. Tropica,
see Elejihantiasis.
BUCTON, Hymen.
BUFF, INFLAMMATORY, Corium phlogig-
ticum.
BUFFY COAT, Corium phlogisticum.
BUG, (BED,) Cimex.
BUGANTIA, Chilblain.
BUG'GERY, Sod'omy. Sodom'ia, Co'itua So.
doniit'iciis, (I.) Bnt/arone. Said to havj been
introduced by the Bulgarians: hence the name.
A carnal copulation against nature, as of a man
or woman with any animal ; or of a iniin witli a
man, or a man unnaturally with a woman. The
unnatural crime.
BUGLE, Prunella — b. Common, Ajuga rop-
tans — b. J'l/ramidale, Ajuga — b. Banipantc, Aju-
ga reptans — b. Water, Lycopus Virginicus — b.
Weed, Lycopus.
BUOLOSE, Anchnsa ofiieinalis.
BUGLOSS, DYER'S, Anchusa tinctoria — b.
Garden, Anchusa officinalis — b. Upright, Ajuga.
BUGLOSSA, Anchusa officinalis.
BUGLOSSUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM MA.TUS,
Anchusa officinalis — b. Latifolium, Borage otiici-
nalis — b. Sativum, Anchusa officinalis — b. Sjl-
vestris, Anchusa officinalis — b. Tinctoruin, An-
chusa tinctoria — b. Verum, Boracic acid — b.
Vulgare majus, Anchusa officinalis.
BUGRANDE EPINEUSE, Ononis spino?a.
BUGRANE, Ononis spinosa — b. dcs Champs,
Ononis arvenis.
BUGULA, Ajuga — b. Chamajpitys, Teucriura
ehamajpitj's — b. Pyramidalis, Ajuga — b. llcp-
tans, Ajuga reptans.
RU/'S, Buxus.
BUISARD, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bui-
sard is two leagues from Chateau-Thierry, in
France. The water contains chloride of calcium
and carbonate of lime.
BULB, Biilbiis, (F.) Bulbe. A name, given
by anatomists to different parts which resemble,
in shape, certain bulbous roots. The Bulb of ihe
Aorta is the great sinus of the Aorta. Bulb of n
Tooth ; the vascular and nervous papilla con-
tained in the cavity of a tooth. The liidb or
Root of the Hair is the part whence the hiiir
originates. The Bulb of the Urethra is the
dilated portion formed by the commencement
of the Corpns sponijiosum towards the root nf
the penis. We say, also, Bulb, for Globe, of the
eye.
Bulb of the Eye, see Eye — b. of the Female,
Bulbus vestibuli — b. Rachidian, see Modullif
oblonarata.
BULBE, Bulb — 6. Rachidien, see Mcdnll.i
oblongata — 6. du Var/in, Bulbus vestibuli — b. ('«
la Voiite (t trois Pilicru, Mamillary tuliercles.
BULBI FORNICIS, Mamillary tubercles-b.
Prioriim Crurum Fornicis, Mamillary tubercles.
BULBOCASTANEUM, Buuium bulbocas-
tanum.
BULBO-CA VERNEUX, Accelerator urinsc.
BULBO-CAVERNOSUS, Accelerator urinae-
b. Syiidesmo-cavernenx, Accelerator urmx — ^-
Urethral, Accelerator urinae.
Il BULBOCODIUM, Narcissus pseudonarcissus.
BULBONACH
147
BURNT HOLES
BULBONACH, Lunaria rcdiviva.
BULBUS, Bulb.
Bi'Lniis Esculen-'tus. The Eu'cnhnf. Bulb :
a particular kind, so denominated by the an-
cients. It is supposed to have been the Cejm
Aicdlon'lca. — Dioscorides, Celsus, Pliny, Ac.
BiiLBUs Gl.vnditlosus, Proventrieulus — b.
Medulla; spinalis, Medulla oblongata — b. Oculi,
tee Kye — b. Ollactorius, see Olfactory Nerves —
b. Pili, see Hair — b. Kachidicus, see Medulla ob-
longata— b. Vaginae, 15. vestibuli.
BtlLBUS Vestid'ulI, li. Vntji'na;, Plextto reti-
form' iH seu reticiila'ris seu caveruo'siiK, Onira
clitor'idis iiitcr'na, Bulb or Semi-bulb of the Fe-
male, (F.) Bnihe clu Varji'n. A close-packed
plexus of intricately anastomosing veins, inclosed
in a fibrous investment, — being an immediate
continuation and extension of the jxirs intermedin,
and occupying the space between the beginning
or vestibule of the vagina and the rami of the
pubie arch on each side. It is regarded by
Lauth, Taylor, Morgagni and Kobelt as the ana-
logue of the male bulb.
BiiLBUS Vomito'rius. a plant, said by Dios-
corides to be emetic and diuretic. It is the
Munk-ijrape flower, according to Bay, — the Hya-
ciuthun MiiHcafi.
BULKSIS, Voluntas.
BUL(;A, Vulva.
BULIMIA. Boulimia.
BU'LITIIOS, from /3ouf, 'an ox,' and Xi5of,
'a stone.' A bczoar or stone, found in the kid-
neys, gall-bladder, or urinary bladder of an ox
or cow.
BULLA, (F.) Bulle. A Bleb, (Sc.) Bleib. A
jiortion of the cuticle, detached from the skin by
the interposition of a transparent, watery fluid.
It forms jhe 4th order in Willan's and Batcman's
arriingement of cutaneous diseases, and includes
eiysipelas, pemphigus, and pompholyx. By
some, Bulla has boon used synonymously with
J'ei<ijihi<iiiK. See, also. Hydatid.
BULLACE PLUM, Prunus in Sitia.
BULL/B ROTUND^E CEllVICIS UTERL
Nabothi glandulaa.
BULLDOG, Tabanus.
BULL-FISTS, Lycoperdon.
BULLOUS, BuUo'su^, (F.) BuUeux. Having
relation to a bulla or bleb, as a 'bullnui eruption.'
Pemphigus has been designated Jlnlndie bul-
huse, and Ficvre buUeuse, when accompanied by
fever.
BULLSEGO, Typha latifolia.
BUMBLKKITES, see Rubus fruticosus.
BUMELLIA. Fraxinus excelsior.
BUM-GUT, Rectum.
BUNA. Coffca Arabica.
BUNCOMBE, WARM AND HOT SPRINGS
OF. See North Carolina, Mineral Waters of.
BUNDURH. Corylus avellana.
BUNEWANl), Ileracleum spondylium.
BUNIAS, Brassica napus.
BUNIOID, Napiform.
BUNION, Bunvon.
BUNI'TES VINUM. A wine, made by in-
fusing the Bunium in must. It is stomachic, but
scarcely ever used.
BUNIUM CARVI, Carum.
Bii'NirM Bui.BocAs'TANUsr, Qovviov, so called,
it has been supposed, from growing on hills, from
(invvoi. 'a hill,' or from the tuberosity of its root.
Ji. mluuH, liiilnuiicoH'tanum, Slum hulbncnKtiinnm,
Scande.r butlioi-Kil'iiium, Carum bulbncavtaiium.
Order, UrabellilVriv. The systematic name of a
plant, whose root is called Pi<j-uut, Aijriocas'tn-
vuiii. Xu'euln terrcn'trin, Bulbocas'tanum majus et
hiiiiiw. Earth-nut, Ihnrk-nut, Kipper-nut, (Sc.)
Ariiut, (F.) Terre-noi.r. The root is tuberous,
and is eaten raw or roasted. It has been sup-
posed to be of use in strangury. It is not em-
ployed in medicine.
BUNNIAN, Bunyon.
BUNWEED, Senecio Jacobaca.
BUN'YON, Bun'ion, Bun'uian, from Pavvoc,
'an eminence.' [?] An enlargement and in-
flammation of the bursa mucosa at the inside of
the ball of the great toe.
BUOPHTHALMIA, Buphthalmia.
BUPEINA, Boulimia.
BUPHTIIALMI IIERBA, Anthemis tinetoria.
BUPHTHAL'MIA, Buojihthal'min, BuphthnV-
mos, Elcphantom'ma, from iiovi, 'an ox,' and ui^-
5aX^as, 'an eye.' Ojc-ei/e. Under this name,
the generality of authors have designated the
first stage of hydrophthalmia. Others, with Sa-
batier, mean by it, turgescence of the vitreous
humour, which, by pushing the iris forwards,
forms around the crystalline a sort of border.
BUPHTHALMUM CRETICUM, Anthemis
Pyrethrum — b. Majus, Chrysanthemum leucan-
themum.
BUPIITHALMUS, Hydrophthalmia, Semper-
vivum tectorum.
BUPINA, Boulimia.
BUPLEUROIDES, Bupleurum rotundifolium.
BUPLEU'RUM ROTUNDIFO'LIUM, Bu-
pleu'ron, Bupleuro'i'deK, from (iov, augmentative,
and nXcvpov, 'side,' (F.) Buplevre, Fercefeuille,
Round-leaved flare's Ear, Thoroirwaar. Order,
Umbellifera3. The herb and seeds are slightly
aromatic. It was foroierly celebrated for curing
ruptures, being made into a cataplasm with wine
and oatmeal.
BUPLEVRE, Bupleurum rotundifolium.
BURAC. Borax. Also, any kind of salt.
(Arabic.)
BURBOT, see Oleum Jeeoris Aselli.
BURDOCK, Arctium lappa — b. Lesser, Xan-
thium — b. Prairie. Silphium terebinthaceum.
BURIAL ALIVE, Zoothapsis.
BURIS, Hernia, accompanied by scirrhous
tumefaction ; or, perhaps, a scirrhous tumour
only. — Avicenna.
BURN. Sax. bepnan or byrnan, 'to burn or
bren.' Un'tio, Anibus'tia, Adus'tio, Treiis Cauais,
Erythe'mn Ambuf'tio, C'luxis, Eneau'xiii, Pyri-
cnus'tum, Uoinbustu'ra, C«tac((u'iii(i, Combits'ttn,
(F.) Brulure. An injury produced by the action
of too great heat on the body. Burns are of
greater or less extent, from the simple irritation
of the integument to the complete destruction of
the part. The consequences are more or less
severe, according to the extent of injury, and the
part affected. Burns of the abdomen, when ap-
parently doing well, are sometimes followed by
fatal results. Their treatment varies, — at times,
the antiphlogistic being required; at others, one
more stimulating.
BURNEA. see Pinus Svlvestris.
BURNET, CANADA, Sanguisorba Cana-
densis.
BURNETT'S DISINFECTING LIQUID or
FLUID. A solution of chloride of zinc, first
used by Sir AVilliam Burnett for preserving tim-
ber, canvass, Ac, from dry rot, mildew, kc, and
afterwards as an antibromic and antiseptic, espe-
cially in the case of dead bodies. The Dublin
Pliarmacoptcia has a Zinci Chlu'ridi Liquor, So-
lu'tion of Chloride of Zinc, which is not near so
strong as Sir William's preparation.
BURNING, Brenniny. A disease mentioned
by old historians, from which authors li;!ve 'in-
succossfully endeavoured to demonstrate the an-
tiquity of syphilis. — Parr.
BURNING OF THE FEET, see Feet, burn-
ing of the.
BURNT HOLES. A variety of rupia. pojm-
larlv known in Ireland under this name ; and not
BURR
148
BUXUS
nnfreqnont there amongst the ill-fed children of
the poor. See Rupia cscharotica.
BUllH, Rotacisimis.
BURRA(JE, Borago officinalis.
BUR-REED, GREAT, Sparganium ramosum.
EURRH, Rotacisimis.
BURRIII SPIR'ITUS MATRICA'LIS. The
Spirit of /hirrhiis far diaeanes of the Womb. It
is prepared by digestina;, in alcohol, equal parts
of myrrh, olibaniun, and mastic. Boerhaave fre-
quently prescribed it.
BURSA CORDIS, Pericardium— b. Omentalis,
see Epiploon, gastro-hepatic^b. Pnstoris, Thlaspi
bursa — b. Testiuin, Scrotum — b. Virilis, Scrotum.
BURS^E MUCILAGINOS^E, B. mucosae.
BURS/E MUCO'S^, li. mneo'scB vesiciifa'rea,
Biirum seu Cnp'snlai nynovia'lefi, Blennoeijs'tidcs,
Sncci muco'si, Veni'cai iDiguino'scB ten'diniuii,
Vagl'ncB S;/noi}ia''es seu mncilrifjiiio'ficB, Si/nn'vi<(l
Crypts or Foil' ides, (F.) Bourses Si/novinles ou
■muqueiises ou miicilagineuses. Small inembranous
sacs, (from jSvftaa, 'a bag, a purse,') situate about
the joints, particularly about the large ones of
the upper and lower extremities, and, for the
most part, lying under the tenihjns. They are
naturally filled with an oily kind of fluid, the use
of which is to lubricate surfaces over which the
tendons play. In consequence of bruises or
sprains, this fluid sometimes collects to a great
extent. The bursse are, generally, either of a
roundish or oval form, and they have been ar-
ranged under two classes, the spherical and the
va</inal,
BuRs.E Synoviales, Bursas mucosae.
BURSAL, Bitrsa'lis. Relating or appertain-
ing to bursae, — as a 'bursal tumour.'
BURSALIS, Obturator internus.
BURSERA ACUMINATA, B. gummifera.
Burse'ra Gummip'era, B. acuminn'ta, Tere-
binth'us (/iimmif'era, Jamaica Bark Tree. Or-
der, Terebinthaceae. A resin exudes from this
tree, which, as met with in the shops, is solid
externally ; softish internally ; of a vitreous frac-
ture ; transparent; of a pale yellow colour ; tur-
pentine smell, and sweet, perfumed taste. It has
been used like balsams and turpentines in gene-
ral, and is called, by the French, Cachibou, Ohi-
boH. and Jiesine de Gomart.
BURSTTIS, see Synovitis.
BURST, Hernia, llernial.
BURSTER, see Hernial.
BURSULA, Scrotum.
BURTHISTLB, Xanthium.
BURTREE, Sambucus.
EURUNHEM, Monesia.
BURWEED, Xanthium.
BURWORT, Ranunculus acris.
BUSH, JEW, Pedilanthus tithymaloides.
BUSSAxNG, MINERAL WATERS OP. Bus-
sang is a village in the department of Vosges,
France. The waters are acidulous chalybeates.
BUSSEROLLE, Arbutus uva ursi,
BUS'SII SPIR'ITUS BEZOAR'TICUS, Be-
zoar'die Spirit of Bussius. A preparation, re-
garded as sudorific, diuretic, and antispasmodic ;
obtained by distilling suhcarbonate and muriate
of ammonia, amber, oil of cedar or juniper, ifec.
BUTE, ISLAND OF, CLIMATE OF. This
island is in the Frith of Clyde, about 18 miles
below Greenock. The climate is mild and equa-
ble, but rather moist; and, as a winter residence
it holds out advantages for those only that ap-
pear to demand such a condition of the atmo-
sphere. The climate resembles, in character,
that of the S. W. of England and France, and
the Channel islands; although its temperature is
lower.
BU'TEA FRO^TDO'SA, Erythri'na monosper'-
ma, Bndolph'ia frondo'aa, see Kino. A tree,
common in Bengal, and in the mountainous parts
of India; Nat. Ord. Leguminosaa ; from which
yum hutea flows. Dr. Pereira found this gum to
be identical with a s[)0ciinen marked yiinnni ru-
brum astriiic/ens — the </om»ie ostritujeiite de Gain-
bie of M. Guibourt. By some, this gum has been
confounded with kino.
BUTIGO, Gutta rosea.
BUTOMON, Iris pseudacorus.
BUTTER, from fiovrvpov; itself from j3ou{, 'ox,'
and rupos, 'any thing coagulated.' Bitty' rum,
I'ice'rioii, (F.) Benrre. A sort of concrete oil,
obtained from the cream that forms on the sur-
face of the milk furnished by the females of the
mammalia, especially by the cow and the goat.
Fresh butter is very nutritious, whilst the ranciil
is irritating. The ancient chemists gave the
name Butter to many of the metallic chlorides.
It has also been applied to vegetable substances,
which resemble, in some respects, the butter ob-
tained from milk. The essential fatty matter in
it is bu'tyrin or bn'tyrnte of glyc"eriii.
Butter of Antimony, Antimonium muriatum.
Butter of Bamrouc or Bamboo, (F.) Benrre
de Bambouc ou Bnmbuk. A vegetable oil ob-
tained from a species of almond, and used in
Senegal in neuralgic and rheumatismal pains.
Butter op Ca'cao, Oil of Ca'cno, Oleum Ca-
cao spissa'tnni, 0. Theobro'nicB Cacao expres'siim,
(P.) Beiirre de Cacao, Huile de Cacao. A fat
substance, of a sweet and agreeable taste, ob-
tained from the Theobroma cacao or chocolate
nut. Owing to its firmness and fusibility, it is
well adapted to serve as the constituent of sup-
positories.
Butter of Cocoa, (F.) Buerre de Coco. A
fatty, concrete substance, which separates from
the milk of the cocoa nut. It is sweet and
agreeable.
Butter and Egos, Narcissus pseudonarcissus
— b. Kokuin, see (Jarcinia purpurea — b. of Nut-
megs, see Myristica.
IJUTTERBUR, Tussilago petasites.
BUTTERCUPS, Ranunculus acris, and R.
bulbosus.
BUTTERFLY-WEED, Aselepias tuherosa.
BUTTERMILK, (Prov.) Churn-milk, Kern-
milk. Whir/, (Sc.) Bladoch, Dledoch, Bladda, Kin-
milk, Sourinilk, (F.) Babenrre, Lait de Benrre.
The thin, sour milk, separated from the cream by
churning. It contains caseuin and a little butter.
It is a refreshing drink when newly made.
BUTTERTEETII, Incisive teeth.
BUTTER WEED, Erigeron Canadense.
BUTTERWORT, Pinguicola vul-'aris.
BUTTOCK-HUMP, Steatopy<ra.
BUTTONBUSII, Cephalanthus oecidcntaiis.
BUTTONWOOD SHRUB, Cephalanthus occi-
dentalis.
BUTUA, Pareira brava.
BUTYRATE OF GLYCERIN, see Butter.
BUTYRIN, see Butter.
BUTYRUM, Butter— b. Amygdalarum dul-
ciuin, Confection (almond)— b. Batumi, Unguen-
tum plumbi superacetatis — b. Zinci, Zinci chlo-
ridum.
BUVEUR, Rectus internus oculi.
BUXTON, MINERAL WATERS OF, Bu:r.
tonien'ses AqucB. Buxton is a village in Derby-
shire. The springs are thermal, and about 82°
Fahrenheit. They contain sulphate of soda,
chloride of calcium, chloride of sodium, chlorid.?
of magnesium, carbonate of lime, carbonic acid,
and azote. They are used in cases in which
thermal springs, in general, are reconimendeJ.
■'■^..^■y.;;,';"';"" ''"le or no mineral impregnation,
/r- . ^r ' ^"■*"* »f'"/>«'-«''i''-eH«. The no.r-tree.
(i.J Buis ou Bonis. The leaves arc bitter and
BYNE
149
CACHECTIC
aromatic, and, as such, have heen used in medi-
cine, in cases of worms, dyspepsia. &c., in the
form of decoction. They are souictiines, also,
added to beer. The seed was anciently called
Cxiltlie'i/ou.
BY.\K, Malt.
BY'UKTlllUTM. A sort of cap or Couvrechef,
filled with cephalic substances. — Forestus.
BYKON AOrO or SOUR SPRINGS. These
Springs are in the town of Byron, Genesee coun-
ty, New York. The water is a nearly pure dilute
sulphuric acid. They are powerfully astringent
and tonic.
BYRSA, (ivpaa. A leather skin to spread
plasters upon.
BYRSODEP'SrCON. A tan stuff, with which
C.ELius -iEuRELiANus Sprinkled wool, which he
applied in certain cases to the umbilical region ;
from 0vp<Tii. ' leather,' and Scxj-eu, ' I tan.'
BYRSODEPSrCUM PRIXCIPIUM, Tannin.
BYSAU'CIIEN, from /3uu, 'I stop up,' and
""X'^"' ' '^^ neck.' A morbid stiffness of the
neck. One with a short neck, — Simotrache'lus.
BYSSOS, Vulva.
BY'SSUS, Bijsanm. The ancients gave this
name to several vegetable substances, which were
used for the fiibrication of stuffs prized for their
fineness, colour, and rarity of material. It is
now chiefly applied to the filaments, by the aid
of which the acephalous mollusca attach their
shells to the rocks. Byssus was formerly !.Uj
applied to the female pudendum.
BYTHOS, j3u5oj, ' depth.' An epithet used by
Hippocrates for the fundus of the stomach.
c.
C. This letter in the chemical alphabet sig-
nifies nitre. It is also sometimes used in pre-
scriptions for cal.K.
CAA-AP'IA, Dorate'nia Brazilien'sis seu cor-
'lifo'lia seu place nto'i'des seu vitel'la. Order,
Urticeaj. The root, according to Piso, is employed
as emetic and anti-diarrho;ic.
CAA-ATAY'A. A plant of Brazil, supposed
(o be a species of gratiola. It is very bitter,
and considered to be one of the best indigenous
cathartics.
CAACICA, Euphorbia capitata.
CAA-GHIYU'YO, Frutex hac'cifer BraziUcn'-
nin. A shrub of Brazil, whose leaves, in powder,
are considered detersive.
CAAOPIA, Hypericum bacciferum.
CAAPEBA, Pareira brava, Pothomorpha pel-
tata and P. umbellata.
CAAPONGA, Crithmum maritimum.
CAAROBA. A Brazilian tree, whose leaves,
in decoction, promote perspiration. See Cera-
tonia.
CABAL. Cah'ida, Cttbal'la, Cal'bala, Caba'lta,
Kdb'nla, Gubnlln. This word is from the He-
brew, and signifies knowledge transmitted by
tradition. Paracelsus and several authors of the
Ifith and 17th centuries have spoken much of
this species of magic, which they distinguished in-
to Jiidit'lc or tlic<>l(/i/iau, and Hermet' ic or medi'c"-
iiud; the latter being, according to them, the
art of knowing the most occult properties of
bodies by an immediate communication with
spirits, — the knowledge being thus acquired by
inspiration, and incapable of inducing error. It
was also called Ara cubalia'tica seu sif/?ia'ta, 'ca-
balistic art.'
CAB.VI/IIAU. A plant of Mexico, according
to Dalcchamps, which passes for an antidote to
white hellebore, and yet is used for poisoning
arrows. It is unknown to botanists.
CAB'ALIST, Cabalia'la. One instructed in
the Cabal.
CAliALLATION, Cynoglossum.
CABARET, Asarum.
CABBAGE, Brassica — e. Cow, Nymphaea odo-
rata — c. Irish, Dracontium foetidum — c. Skunk,
Bracontium ftctidum — c. Swamp, Dracontium
fatidum — c. Water, Nymphiva odorata — c. Tree,
Geoffra>ainermis — c. Bark tree, Geofl"raBainermis.
CABBAGIUM, Geoffnea inermis.
CABOTZ, Hagenia Abyssinica.
CABUKEIBA, see Myroxylon Peruiferum.
CABUREICIBA, see Myroxylon Peruiferum.
CACjE'MIA, Cachrn'mia, from KaKOi, 'bad,'
and 'aijia, 'blood.' A faulty or morbid condition
of the blood.
CACyESTHE'SIS, Co.cacBSihe'aia, OacoiBathe'-
aia, from (coKOf, 'bad,' and aiaOnais, 'feeling.'
Morbid sensation. Morbid general feeling. In-
disposition.
CACAFERRI, Ferri subcarbonas.
CAC'AGOGUE, Cacago'rjua, Cac'cagogue, Cnc-
cacjo'yiis, from kukkti, 'excrement,' and uyciv, 'to
e.xpel.' An ointment, composed of alum and
honey; which, when applied to the anus, pro-
duced an evacuation. — Paulus of iEgina.
CACALEXITERIA, Alexiteria.
CACA'LIA ANTEUPnOR'BIUM, Auten-
phor'bium. Ord. Com))osita?. A plant, which
Dodoens and others considered to be capable of
tempering the caustic properties of euphorbium.
It is also called Klein'ia.
Many varieties of the Cacalia are used, in dif-
ferent countries, chiefly as condiments.
CA'CAO, Ca'coa, Cncii'vi, QunhoU, Cacova'ta.
The cocoa or chocolate nut ; fruit of TheoLvo' ma
Cacao, Co'coa Cacavif'era, Ca'cao tithior seu
sati'va, Cacao iheobro'ma, (F.) Cacaoyer ou Ca-
caotier ordinaire. Family, Malvaceae. Sex.
Si/st. Polydelphia Pentandria.
CACAOTIKR ORVTNAIRE,se<i Cacao.
CACAO YE R ORDINAIRE, see Cacao.
CACATIOX. Defecation.
CACATORIA, Diarrhoea.
CAC'ATORY', Cacato'rius, from cacare, 'to go
to stool.' Febria cacato'ria ; a kind of intermit-
tent fever, accompanied by copious alvine evacua-
tions.— Svlvius.
CACAVATA, Cacao.
CACAVI. Cacao, Jatropha manihot.
CACCAGOGUE, Cacagogue.
CACCE, Excrement.
CACCIOX'DE. A sort of pill, chiefly formed
of catechu, recommended by Baglivi in dvsentery.
CACEPIIEBOTE'SIA, from KaKog, 'bad,' and
cif/ciioTrig, ' puberty.' Morbid puberty. Disease
occurring at the period of puberty.
CACHALOT, see Cetaceum.
CACHAXG-PARAXG. A sort of bean of Su-
matra, mentioned by Marsden, whose seeds are
given in pleurisy. Jussieu considered it to be the
Jlimo'aa acandena.
CACHECTIC, Cachec'tes, CacJiec'ticua, (F.)
Cachectique, same etymon as Cachexia. One utr-
CACIIELCOMA
150
CACOSIS
tacked with cachexia. Belonging to cachexia.
Cuchec'tica remtd'ia are remedies agaiust ca-
chexia.
CACHELCOAIA, Helcocace.
CACIIKN'-L.\GUEN, Chironia Chilensis.
CACHET (¥.), 'a sedL' A utamp or medicine
stamp, used by the ancient Romans for niarlting
their drugs, e^^pecially those prescribed in dis-
eases of the eyes ; and hence called, by some,
oculint stnmpf!. Some of tliose more lately dis-
covered amongst Roman antiquities, have been
descrilied by MM. Sichel and Duchalais, and by
Prof. Simp.-ion, of Edinburgh.
CACUEX'IA, from Kuxoi, 'bad,' and 'cfif,
' habit.' iStntus cachec'ticim, Cacli'exij, Dysthe'nin,
(F.) Gnchexie. A condition in which the body
is evidently dejjraved. A bad habit of body,
chiefly the result of scorbutic, cancerous, or ve-
nereal diseases when in their lait stage. Hence
we hear of a Scorbutic Cnchexia, Cunceroiis Ca-
chexia, &o. Sauvages and Cullen have included
under this head a number of diseases — consump-
tions, dropsies, Ac. Cnchexia has been some-
times confounded with diathesis. Cachexia 7c-
tev'ica is jaundice or icterus itself, or a disposition
thereto. Fluor albus is sometimes called Ca-
chexia Uteri' I) a.
Cachkxi.v Africaxa, Chthonophagia — c. Cal-
cnlosa, Lithia — c. Cancerous, see Cancer — c.
Chlorotic, Chlorosis — c. Dysthetica, Dyscrasia.
Cachexia, (Jaol. The deteriorated organic
actions induced by confinement in prisons, which
is so often the precursor of scrofula.
Cachexia Ictkrica, Icterus.
Caciibxia LoxniNEN'sis. The paleness and
other evidences of impaired health presented by
the inhabitants of London. A similar cachexia is
seen in those of other crowded cities.
Cachexia, Lymphatica Farciminosa, see
Equinia.
Cachexia, Marsh, (F.) Cachexie jinludSenne,
ou p(dii'itre. The state of cachexy observed in
malarious districts.
Cachexia, Saturnixa, Saturnismus — c. Scor-
butic, see Purpura — c. Scrophulosa, Scrofula.
Cachexia Sple'.^ica. The state of scorbutic
cachexia, which often accompanies diseases, es-
pecially enlargement of the spleen, Splenal' <jia
JJe»f/ftleii'«in, in India.
Cachexia Vexerea, Syphilis — c. Venous, Ve-
nosity — c. Virginum, Chlorosis.
CACHEXIE, Cachexia — e. lodee, se« Iodine
— c. Paliide.enne, Cachexia, marsh — c. Palustre,
Cachexia, marsh.
CACHEXY. Cachexia.
GACHIIIOU. see Biirsera gummifera.
CACHINM^AGUA, Chironia chilensis.
CACHINNA'TIO, from caehinno, 'I laugh
aloud.' A ten'lency to immoderate laughter, as
in some hysterical and maniacal affections.
CACHIRI. a fermented liquor made, in Cay-
enne, from a decoction of the rasped root of the
manioc. It resembles perry.
CACHLEX. A small stone or pebble, found
on the sea shore. One of these, when heated in
the fire, and cooled in whey, communicates an
astringency to the liquid, so that it was anciently
esteemed to be useful in dysentery. — ftalen.
CACHOS. An oriental fruit, apparently of a
Solnnum, which is esteemed lithontriptic.
CACHOU, Ciitechu.
CACHRYS LIBAXO'TTS. An umbelliferous
plant which grows in Africa and the south of
Europe. It is aromatic and astringent. Its seeds
are extremely acrid.
Caciirvs Marithia, Crithmum maritimum.
CACIIUN'DE. An Indian troeh or pastils
composed of amber, mastic, musk, cinnnm-on,
aloes, rhubarb, galanga, pearls, rubies, emeralds,
garnets, Ac. It is regarded by the people of In-
dia as an antiiloto, stomachic and antispasmodic.
CACO, KUKo, propQrly only an abbreviiition of
KUKos. In composition it means something de-
fective: as in the following words:
CACO/ESTIIESTS, Ciicajsthesis.
CACO-ALEXITERIA, Alcxipharmie.
CACOCIIOL'IA, from KaKog, 'bad,' and X"'^'!)
'bile.' Diseases induced by a depraved conditiim
of the bile.
CAC'OCHROI, Cac'ochri, from kuko^, 'had,'
nnil xpoi, 'colour.' Diseases in which the com-
plexion is morliidly changed in colour.
CACOCIIYL'IA, from kokos, 'bad,' and yuAo;,
'chyle.' Depraved chylification.
CACOCHYM'IA, Kakochjjm'ia, Cornip'tio
Hiimo'runi, from kukos, 'bad,' and %u/iof, 'juicii,'
'humour.' Cacoch'ymy. Depravation of tbo
humours.
Cacochymia Plumbea, Lead poisoning — c.
Scorbutica, see Purpura — c. Scrophulosa, Scni-
fula — c. Venerea, Syphilis.
CACOCII'YMUS, 'Cacuchijm' icis. One attacked
with cacochymia. Belonging to cacochymia.
CACOCNE'MUS, Cac,>c»e'micn>,, J/,'di8 suni
pradi'tus; from KiiKog, 'bad,' and Kvrji^t, 'tlie
leg.' One who has bad legs.
CACOCORE'MA, from KaKoi, 'bad,' and mofw,
' I purge, or cleanse.' A medicine which purges
off the vitiated humours.
CACODyE'MON, from kuko;, 'bad,' and iJoi/iuv,
'a spirit.' An evil spirit, to which were ascribed
many disorders. The nightmare.
CACO'DES, from Kaifog, 'bad,' and o^eiv, 'to
smell'— )?ioZ^ olena. Having a bad smell; Uacu'-
dia, Ctteos'mia.
CACODIA, see Cacodes.
GAC0KTll''ES,Cacoeth'icn8, (Y.) CacoMeJrnm
KOKOi, 'bad,' and tSof, 'disposition, habit,' &c.
Of a bad or vitiated character, as nlcua eacoeth'es,
an ulcer of a malignant character.
CACOETHICUS. Cacoethe-s.
CACOGALAC'TIA, Cacoc,a'lia, from Kam,
'bad,' and y'>-^'^> Ren. yaAonTo?, 'milk.' • A bad
condition of the milk.
CACOGALAC'TICA. Same etymon as thela?t.
One who sufl^ers from a bad condition of the milk.
CACOGALIA, Cacogalactia.
CACOGEN'ESIS, (F.) Cacoghil^e, from ica/cnf,
'bad,' and ycveaig, 'generation.' A morbid for-
mation. A monstrosity.
CACOMORPHIA. Deformation.
CACOMORPIIOSIS, Deformation.
CACOPATHI'A, Pa^'eio Mala, from icnm,
'bad,' and 7ra&og, 'affection.' A distressed statu
of mind. — Hippocrates.
CACOPHO'NIA, from KOKog, 'bad,' and (^uvm
'voice,' vitia'ta vox. A dissonant condition of
voice.
CACOPLAS'TIC, Cacoplas'ticns, Di/ipl'dnint'-
ie ; from KaKog, 'bad,' and n'Xaacu, 'I form.' Su.i-
ceptible of only a low degree of organization, as
the indurations resulting from low or chronic
inflammation, fibro-cartilage, cirrhosis, &o.
CACOPRA'GIA, Cacoprax'is, from (cawt,
'bad,' and rparTu, 'I perform.' Depraved con-
dition of the organic functions.
CACOPRAXIS, Cacopragia.
CACORRHACHI'TIS, from KaKog, 'bad,' ami
pa-^^ts, 'the spine.' Cacor'rhachis, Cncor'hnithi-<,
Cacorhnrhi'tis, Spoiuhjlal'gia. Deformity of the
spine. Disease of the spine. Spontaneous luxa-
tion of the vertebrae and ribs dependent upon
internal causes.
CACORRHYTH'MUS, Arrlnjth'mus, from "-
Kog, 'bad,' and pt^/joj, 'rhythm,' 'order.' Irre-
gular.
CACO'SIS. Mala di8po8it"io, (F.) Viet. A
CACOSITIA
151
C/ECUM
bn'l conilition of body. — Hippocrates. A diseased |
coiiditiiin in c^-'ieriil.
CACOSIT'IA, from kqkos, 'bad,' and airiov,
'aliment.' Di.sgust or aversion for food — Fad-
tid'lum cilio'nim.
CACOSMTA, see Cacodes.
CACOSOMI'UM, from Kaxoi, 'bad,' and .rojfia,
'the lioiiy.' An liospital for luprosy, and incura-
ble affections in general.
CACOSPfiKMA'SIA, Cacospermn't!<i, Carol,
per'niin, fvom KuKog, 'bad,' and a^rcpua, 'sperm.'
A bad condition of the sperm.
CACOSl'lIYX'IA, from k,ikos, 'bad,' and
a^v^K, ' pulse.' — Vitio'sH8 2ii'i'>iiii- Bad state of
puis-.'. — (Jaien.
CACOSPLANCH'NIA, from K.iKoi, 'bad,' and
o^^'iYX^'""' ' '•'' viscus.' Indijrestion. The eraa-
ciaiioii dependent upon imperfect digestion. —
Siclienhaiir.
CACOSTOM'ACHUS, from ^a/coc, 'bad,' and
aTD^uyoi, 'the stomach.' What disagrees with
the stomach. Indis;estil)Ie. — Gorraeus.
CACOSTO.MATOSPIIllESIA, Breath, offen-
sive.
CACOS'TOMUS, from Kaxof, 'bad,' and croixa,
'a mouth.' Having a bad mouth, or a bad
breath.
CACOTIIANASIA. see Euthanasia.
CACOTMYMTA, Vit'ium An'imi, from KUKog,
' bad ' and du|UO{, ' mind,' ' disposition.' A vicious
state of inind. — Linden.
C \OOTiUBULUS, Centaurea calcitrapa.
CACOTIllCiriA, from (cufo?, ' bad,' and Opi^,
'■/"X"'- 'hair.' Disease of the hair.
CACOTROPiriA, from kukos, 'bad,' and rpo^^,
'nutrition.' — Viiio'ea mitrW'io; — disordered nu-
trition.— (Jalen.
CACOfr, C'ifjof, Catechu.
CACOU'CIA COCCIN'EA. Concin'en, Goc-
chi'f/i, S<- liowihai' n CDccin'en, Tikimtiia. A peren-
nial twining shrub of South America, the plant
of which, as well as the fruit, is possessed of
euu'to-cathartic properties.
CA<yriER, Cactus opuntia.
CACTUS, Cvnara.
CACTUS OPUN'TIA, Opun'tia, 0. vii7;jn'rh.
The hidittn Fiij, (F.) Cacticr, Itaquette, Fujiiicr
d'liide. Ord. Cactaceoe. This plant grows in
South America, Spain, Italy, &e. Its fruit, which
bus the stiape of the fi?, is of a sweetish taste,
and colours the urine red when eaten. Its leaves
are considered refrigerant.
The fruits of different species of cactus are
called TniKii,
C.\D.V'B,V, STrofi'mia. A genus of the family
C(ipi>iiride(B, natives of India and Arabia. The
j'oung shoots of the Cada'ba fariiio'sa are consi-
dered to he an antidote against venomous bites.
C.\I).\'VEIl, Ptnmn, Neeron. A dead body,
corse, corpne, (Sc. ) Corp; a niibject ; a carcass,
(F.) Cada.vre. The word has been supposed to
come from cado, ' I fall ;' and by some to be a
contraction from earo data cermibus, 'flesh given
to tlie worms.' [?]
CADAVERIC, Cad.averous.
CADAVEROUS, Cadav'eric, Cadavero'sns,
Necra'des, (F.) Cudavereujr, Cadnrerique, Be-
longing to the dead body ; as cadnverons smell.
The Cadar'erous or Hippocrnt'ic face, (see Face),
is an unfavourable sign in disease, and generally
denotes a fatal termination.
CAn.w'KnoiTs or Cahav'ruic IIvrERiE'jfiA.
The hypostatic hyperasmia observed in depend-
ing parts of the dead body.
CADDY INSECT, see Ectozoa.
CADF. Junii)crus oxyceiirus.
CADE.rr-INDI, Malal)ii thrum.
CADKli-AVANACU. Croton tiglium.
CADIA. An Egyptian, leguminous plant.
The Arabs attribute to its fresh leaves the power
of relieving colic.
CADIVA INSANIA, Epilepsy.
CADMIA, Calamina, Tutia.
CADMI'I SULPHAS, Cadmi'um Bulphn'ricum,
Sidphas Cadiiii'cus, 3feli')i{ Sidphas, Klnpro'thii
Sidphas, Klap)ro'thiam Sidphii' ricum, Melinnni
Sidphu'riciim, Sulphate of Cad'miitm. Used in
spots on the cornea, and in chronic torpid in-
flammation of the conjunctiva, in the iiuantity
of half a grain to a grain to the ounce of water.
It does not differ materially ih its properties from
suljjhate of zinc. The nitrate, in the dose of jtk
of a grain, induces vomiting and purging.
CADMIUM SULPHURICUM, Cadmii Sul-
phas.
CADRE DU TYMPAN, Tympanal. The
portion of the temporal bone which supports the
meml)rana tympani.
CADTCIIU, Catechu.
CADUCA HUNTERI, Decidua — c. Passio,
Epilepsy.
CADU'CITY, Imheeil'Utas, DebU'itas, Cadu'-
eitas, from cadere, 'to fall.' The French use the
word Cuducite for the portion of human life which
is comprised generally between 70 and 80 years.
The age which precedes decrepitude. It is so
termed in conseiiuence of the limbs not usuallj'
possessing sufficient strength to support the body.
The precise age must of course vary in indivi-
duals.
CADUQUE, Decidua membrana — c. Kfjlechie,
see Decidua membrana — c Utei'ine, Decidua — c.
Vraie, Decidua membrana.
CADUKCUS, Vulva.
C.A.DUS, Kaioi;. A Greek measure equal to ten
gallons English. — Pliny. Amphora.
C^CA FORAM'INA (ANTERIUS ET POS-
TERIUS) are situate at the fore and back parts
of the tuber annulare of the brain, and at the
extremities of the depression made by the verte-
bral artery. The former is placed between the
nerves of the third, and the latter between those
of the sixth pair.
C/ECiE HyEMORRHOi'DES, Blind Piles,
(F.) H e III orrho ides areiajles, are those unaccom-
panied by any discharge.
CjECAL, CcBca'lis. Belonging to the Caecum,
from c<Bciis, 'blind, hidden.' The Cacal arteries
and veins are the branches of the Arteries et vencB
c(>lic(B dcxtrcB inferiores, distributed to the ca;eum.
The Cacal or blind extremity of a duct is its
closed termination. See Csecus.
CICATRIX, Cicatrix.
CiE'CITAS, Cw'citas, Cwcifu'do, Ahlcp'sia,
ObccBcn'tio, OccfBca'tio, Anap'sia, Ti/'pfilotes,
Ti/pfilo'sis, Ce'citij, Blindness, (F.) Ai-eiii/lcmenf,
Cecite, Perte de la viie. Cfecitas may be depend-
ent upon many different diseases — as upon amau-
rosis, specks, hypopyon, cataract, glaucoma, oph-
thalmia, atrophy of the eye, &c.
CiECiTAS Crkpuscularis, Hemeralopia — c.
Diurna, Nyctalopia — c. Nocturna, Hemeralopia.
CFCITE, Typhlo-enteritis.
C/ECITUDO, Cajcitas.
CiECUM, Cwcnin, Intesti'num ccBcvm, 3fonom'-
achon, jtfonom'actim, 3fonoco'lon, l/onocn'liim,
Tjiplilo'teron monoco'lon, Typhlot' erum, Typlilo-
en'tenim, Init"ium iniesti'ni crassi, Saccus Intes-
tini crassi seu Coli, Ccecnm Caput coli, Caput coti.
Prima cella coli, Init"ium extu'berans coli, from
ccBcus, 'blind.' The Blind Gut, so called froui
its being open at one end only. That por-
tion of the intestinal canal which is seated be-
tween the termination of the ileum and com-
mencement of the colon ; and which fills, almost
wholly, the right iliac fossa; where the perito-
neum retains it immovably. Its length is about
three or four fingers' breadth. The lleo-cacul
C.ECUS
ir)2 CALADIUM ESCULENTUM
»o/i,'e or Valve of Bauhin shuts off all communi-
( Mtion between it and the ileum ; and the Appen-
dix vermi/ormis ccBci is attached to it.
CyECUM Foua'mkn of the frontal bone is a small
cavity at the inferior extremity of the internal
coronal crest or crista. — Fronto-et/imoidal fora-
v,cn, (F.) TroH aveiKjle ou hoi-ffiie. Morgagni has
^iven the same name to the small cavity in the
ididdle of the upper surface of the tongue, near
iis base; the sides of which are furnished with
mucous follicles — Lacunes de In lanyue — (Ch.)
Cecum, Phlegjionous Tumour op the, Ty-
)ihl()-entcritis.
CyECUS. 'Blind.' One deprived of sight,
TjphlopH, (F.) Aveiigle, Borgne. In anatomy, it
i.- used to designate certain holes or cavities,
which end in a cul-de-sac; or have only one
opening. See CcBcal.
liliiul Duds of the Ure'thra, (F.) Conduits
oreuij/es de I'urethre, are the JIucous Lacu' na
of the Ure'thra.
C^LA-DOLO, Torenia Asiatica.
C^MENTUM, Lute
C^ERULEUM BEROLINENSE, Prussian
blue- — c. Borussicura, Prussian blue.
C/ERULOSIS NEONATORUM, Cyanopathy.
CyE-SALPTNIA, C. sappan, Sappan or Samp-
fen wood, (F.) IhesiUet, Bois de Siippan. Ord.
Eeguminosae. Called after Caesalpinus. A small
Siamese tree, the wood of which is used in de-
coction, in cases of contusion.
Brazil wood, Pernamhnco or Fernambuco tcood,
fnrraerly used as an astringent, is the wood of
C.ksali'in'ia Echina'ta. This is the proper
Brazil wood ; but another variety in commerce is
the Brasiletio from Casalpinia Brasiliensia and
V. crista, which grow in the West Indies.
The Nicaragua or Peach-tcood is analogous to
ttiis, and is said to be derived from a species of
C;csalpinia.
The kernel of Cesalpin'ia Bonpucell'a, the
seed of which is called in India Kuthideja and
Kutoo Kitriinja, is given as a febrifuge tonic.
Dose, ten grains.
CiESA'REAN SECTION, Casa'rean opera'-
tion, Tomotoc' ia, Ccp.sa'rea sectio, Partus ccBsa'-
reus, Opera' tio ccBSa'rea, Metrotom'ia, (F.) Ope-
ration Cesaricnne, from ccedere, ccBsum, ' to
cut.' An incision made through the parietes
of the abdomen and uterus to extract the
foetus. In this manner, Julius Caesar is said
to have been extracted. — Pliny. It is also
called llijsterotoni'ia, Hysterotomotoc'ia, Gastro-
iiietrotoin' ia, Gasterhy sterol' amy, Gastrometrot'-
oiiie, Gastrohysterot'omtj. An incision has been
made into the uterus through the vagina, consti-
tuting the Vayinal CcBsarean Section, Gastro-
eli/trotoin'ia, Gastreli/trotom'ia, Gastrocolpotoin'ia,
Laparacoljwtom' ia, Lnparoelytrotom' i a, (P.) Ope-
ration cesarieune vagina/e. The Caesarean sec-
tion may be required when the mother dies
before delivery; when there is some invincible
obstacle to delivery from the faulty conformation
(■f the pelvis; or when the child has passed into
the abdominal cavity in consequence of rupture
of the uterus.
CiESARIES, Capillus, Scalp.
CiESIUS, Glaucoma.
CiE'SONES, Cce'sares. Children brought into
the world by the Csesarean operation.
C^SU'LI^. They who have gray eyes.
CiBSURA, Cut.
CiETCHU, Catechu.
CAF, Camphor.
CAFAL, Agrimony,
CAFAR, Camphor.
CAFE, Coffea.
CAFE A LA SULTANE. This name has i
been given to an infusion or deccjction of the ground
coquea or pericarps which surround the coli'ee.
CAFE CrriilN. The aiiueous infusion of un-
roasted coffee, so called on account of its yellow-
ish tint.
CAFETN, see Coffea Arabica.
OAFEIElt and CAFEYER, Coffea Arabica,
CAFFA. Camphor.
CAFFEIN, see Coffea Arabica.'
CAF I Eli, Coffea Arabica.
CAFUR, Camphor.
CAGAS'TRUM. The principal or germ of dis-
eases which are communicable. — Paracelsus.
CAGNEUX, Cagot. See Kyllosis.
CAGOSANGA, Ipecacuanha.
CAGOTS(F.). A name given to deformed and
miserable beings, met with in the Pyrenees, Bern,
and Upper Gascony, in France, where they are also
called Capois. In other districts they are called
Gezits, Gezitains, Cretins, Gahcts, Capons, Coli-
berts, Cacous, Cagneux, &c. Sec (Cretin. The word
Cagot is supposed to be an abbreviation of Cania
Goth us, 'Dog of a Goth.'
CAGUE-SANGUE. Caqneaangue.
CAHINC7E RADIX, Cainca) radix.
CAI'EPUT OIL, Cofeput oil, Kyapnt'ty, Ca-
jupu'ti O'leum. The volatile oil of the leaves of
Jlclaleu'ca Cajujiu'ti, Ord. Myrtaceae, a native
of the Moluccas. The oil has a strong, fragriint
smell, like camphor; taste jiungentand aromatic.
It is stimulant, and useful where the essential oils
in general are employed. It has also been called
Oil of Witnebeii, from the person who first dis-
tilled it.
CAIK, Pleurodynia.
CAIL-CEDRA, Swietenia Senegalensis.
CAILLE, Tetrao coturnix.
CAILLE, see Curd.
CAILLE AU, Lantana.
CAILLEBOTTE, see Curd.
CAILLE-LAIT, Rennet — c. Blanc, Galium
mollugo — c. Vruic, Galium verum.
CAILLETTE, Abomasus.
CAILLOT, Coagulura.
CAINANiE RADIX, Caincse radix.
C A I N'C ^ RADIX, Radix Chiococ'ca, E.
Caina'ncB seu Caninana seu Cahincce seu Ka-
hinccB seu Serpenta'ria Brazilien'sis, Caincn Root.
The bark of the roots of Chiococc'a anguif'mja
seu densifo'lin, and, perhaps, Ch. raccnio'sa, a
plant of the Order Rubiaceas. Sex. Syst. Pen-
tandria Monogynia, of Linna>us. It is bitter,
tonic, and diuretic, but has not been long intro-
duced. Dose of the powder, from Qj to ^^^ss.
Dr. John H. Griscom, of New York, considers
there is a remarkable analogy between the Cain-
ca and the Apocynum cannabinum.
CAINITO, Chrysophyllum Cainito.
OAIPA SCIIORA. A cucurbitaeeous Malabar
plant, the fruit of which has a pyriform shape.
The juice is drunk in that country for the pur-
pose of arresting hiccough. The fruit, when un-
ripe, is emetic.
CAISSE, Case — c. du Tnmhour, Tympanum —
c. du Tympan, see Tympanum
CAITCHU, Catechu.
CAJAN, Phaseolus creticus
CAJUPUTI, Caieput.
CAKES, WORM, STORY'S. These were com-
posed of calomel and jalap, made into cakes, and
coloured with cinnabar.
CALABASJI-TREE, NARROW-LEAVED,
Crescentia Cujete.
CALADIUM ESCULENTUM, Arum eseulen-
turn.
Cala'dium SRGUi'Nu\f, Nat. Ord. Araeese. A
plant of India, whose acrid juice has been given
CALAF
153
CALCENOS
there in gout and rheumatism, and as an anaphro-
di^iac to women. The tincture has been prescribed
ill pruritus vulvae. '
CALAF, S'llix yEf/i/ptincn. A large-leaved
Ef^yptiun willow, called, also, Ban. The dis-
tilled water of the flowers, called Mac<ihalef,
passes, in that country, for an excellent ant-
nphrodisiuc. It is also used as an antiloimic,
antispptir, and cordial.
CALA(iUALA, see Calagualas radix.
CAL.UiKRI, Vernonia anthelinintica.
CALA(ii IKAII, Vernonia anthelmintica.
CALAGUA'LvE RADIX, CobKjne'la Radix.
The root of l'oli/i)<t'iliiiin Culatjuu'la seu adiniiti-
for'me seu corin'ceitm seu amniifo'linm seu ar-
(jeii'lciiiii seu pol'itnm, Anpid'ium coria'cenm seu
ferrtt'jin'viiiii seu din'colvr, Tecta'ria calahnala
SJd ft mill ill' en, Cnldgiiiila, Cnluhwiht. Order,
Felices. It has been exhibited in Italy in dropsy,
pleurisy, contusions, abscesses, <tc. Its proper-
lies are not, however, clear.
CALAIIUALA, see Calagualse radix.
CALAMANDRTNA, Teucrium chamaedrys.
CALAMBAC, Agallochum.
CALAMIiOUK. Agallochum.
CALAMK'DOX, from xaAajuof, 'a reed.' This
word has had various signitications. Some have
used it for an obliiiue fracture of a bone; the
fractured portions having the shape of the nib
of a pen. Others have used it for a longitudinal
fracture ; and others, again, for one that is com-
minuted.
C ALA ME NT, Melissa calamintha.
CALAMI'NA, Ciil'itmine, from calamus, *a
reed,' so called from its reed-like appearance.
Cndmi'a, C. lapido'sn a'ero'sa seu fos'silis, Lapis
Aero'siiH, Lapis Calainiiia'ris, Cahimina'ris, Oar' -
bonus Ziiiri impu'riis, Cathiiiir, (F.) Pierre cala-
viiiiaire. Native impure carbonate of zinc. Cala-
mine is chiefly used for pharmaceutical purposes
in the form of the Calamina pr^para'ta (Ph.
IT. S.), Lapis Gahimiiia'ris prcepara'tus, Ciir'bo-
uas zinci impn'riis prmpara'tits, Zinci car'bonas
prcBpara'tii-i, Prepared Calamine : — Calamine re-
duced to an impalpable powder by roasting and
levigation. In this state it is sprinkled or
dusted on excoriated parts, or to prevent exco-
riation, itc.
CALAMINARIS. Calamina.
CALAMINT, Melissa Calamintha — c. Field,
Melissa nepeta — c. Mountain, Melissa grandiflora
— c. Spotted, Melissa nepeta.
CALAMINTA IIUMILIOR, Glecoma hede-
racea.
CALAMINTHA, Melissa C — c. Angliea, Me-
lissa nepeta — c. Erecta Virginiana, Cunila Mari-
ana— c. Hederacca, Gleehoina hederacea — c.
Magno flore, Melissa grandiflora — c. Montana,
Melissa grandiflora — c. Nepeta, Melissa nepeta —
c. Parviflora, Melissa nepeta — c. Pulegii odore,
Melissa nepeta — c. Trichototna, Melissa nepeta.
CAL'AMUS, Knhiiios, 'the reed.' In the Phar-
macopoeia of the U. S., the- rhizoma of acorus
calamus.
Calamus Alexandri'-vus. Celsus has thus
called a medicine, which was long confounded
with Calamna Aromaticus. It is not a root,
however, but the stalk of a plant of India and
Egypt, prol)ahly the Andrnpo'ijun Nardus. It
entered into the theriaca, and has been regarded
as antihysteric and emmenagogue ; — Calamus
aromatiens veriia.
Calamus AnoMATicrs, Acorus calamus — c.
Aromaticus verus, Calamus Alexandrinus — c.
Draco, C. rotang — e. Indicus, see Saecharuin — c.
Odoratus, Acorus calamus, Juncus odoratus.
Calamus Rotang, ('. Draco. Order, Palmac.
The systematic name of a plant, whence Draijona
Blood, SauijuisDrucu'nis, Cinnah'aris GrcBvo'rum,
DraconthcB'ma, CF.) Sang-Dragon, is procured. It
is the red, resinous juice, obtained, in India, from
wounding the bark of the Calamus Rotang. It has
been used as an astringent in hemorrhages, <fec. j
but is now rarely employed.
Calamus Schiptc'rius, ^iioy7j//)/ie, 'a writing
pen,' (F.) Fossette aiigidaire du quatrieme ven-
tricule. A small, angular cavity, situate at the
superior extremity of the medulla, in the fourth
ventricle of the brain, which has been, by some,
supposed to resemble a pen.
Calamus Vulgaris, Acorus calamus.
CALAPPITE. Ruinphius has given this name
to calculous concretions, found in the interior of
certain cocoa-nuts. The cocoa-tree itself the Ma-
lays call Calappn. These stones are, likewise,
termed Vegetable Dezoards. The Malays attri-
bute potent virtues to them, and wear them as
amulets.
CALASAYA, Cinchonas cordifolia3 cortex.
CALEALA, CabaL
CALBIA'NUM. The name of a plaster in
Myrepsus, the composition of which we know
not.
CALCADINUM, Ferri sulphas.
CALCATRE, Calcareous.
CALCA'NEAL, Calca'neus, from calx, 'the
heel.' Having relation to the calcaneum, as
' calcaneal arteries.'
CALCANEO-PHALANGIEN DU PETIT
ORTEIL, Abductor minimi digiti pedis — c.
Phalanijinien coj/oinoi, Extensor brevis digitorum
pedis- — c. Soiis-phalangettien eommiin, Flexor
brevis digitorum pedis — c. Sous-I'halanginien
commun, F'lexor brevis digitorum pedis — c. Sous-
phalangien dn petit orteil, see Abductor minimi
digiti pedis — c. Sus-phalangettieii commun, Ex-
tensor brevis digitoruiu pedis.
CALCA'NEUM, from cal.r, 'the heel.' Calca'-
neus, Calcar, Cal'cia, Ichnus, Os Calcis, Pterna,
Pter'ninm. The largest of the tarsal bones : that
which forms the heel. It is situate at the poste-
rior and inferior part of the foot; is articulated
above and a little anteriorly with the astragalus;
anteriorly, also, with the os cuboides. Its poste-
rior surface — called Heel, Talus, Calx, {¥.) Ta-
lon— gives attachment to the tendo-aehillis : the
lower has, posteriorly, two tuberosities, to which
the superficial muscles of the sole of the foot are
attached. The small Apoph'i/sis or lateral Apoph-
ysis of the Calca' neuin, (F.) Petit Apophi/se ou
Apopliijse laterale du Calenneum, is a projection
at the upper surface of this bone, on which is
formed the posterior portion of the cavity that
receives the astragalus. The great Apoph'ysis,
anterior Apoph'i/sis nf the Calca'neum, is the
projection which corresponds, on one side, with
the cuboides; and on the other forms the ante-
rior part of the facette which receives the astra-
galus.
CALCAR, Calcaneum, Ergot— c. Avis, Hippo-
campus minor.
CALCA'REOUS, Calca'reus, Calca'rius, from
co/.r, ' lime.' {¥.) Calcaire. Containing lime : —
as calcareous concretions, C. depositions, &c.
CALCAREUS CARRONAS, Creta.
CALCARIA CHLORATA, Calcis chloridum—
c. Chlorica, Calcis chloridum — c. Phosphorica,
see Cornu cervi — c. Pura, Calx— c. Pura liquida.
Liquor calcis.
CALCARI.E CHLORUM, Calcis chloridum.
CALCATAR, Ferri sulphas.
CALCATREPPOLA, Centaurea calcitrapa.
CALCE'NA, CALCE'NON. CALCENO'NIA,
CALCIXO'NIA. Words employed by Paracel-
sus to designate the concretions of tartrate of lime
which form in the human body.
CALCENOS, Calcetus.
CALCEOLARIA
154
CALCULI
CALCEOLA'RIA, from cnlceulus, 'a small
slipper ;' Slipi>erwort.
Cai.ckola'kia Piumata is used in Peru as a
laxative.
Calceola'ria Trif'ida is esteemed to be febri-
fuge.
CALCE'TUS, Cnlcevo'nius, Calce'iios. That
■which abounds in tartrate of lime. An adjective
used by Paracelsus in speaking of the blood ;
Snn/jids cnh-e'tiis. Hence came the expression,
Cal'ciiicd hlood, Smiq calcine.
CALCKUM EQUINUM, Tussilago.
CALCHOIDEA (OS), Cuneiform bone.
CALCIA, Calcaneum.
CALCIFEROUS CANALS, Canaliculi calci-
feri.
CALCIFICATION, see Cretefaction.
CALCIGRROUS CELL, see Tooth.
CALCIG'RADUS, Ptemoh'ntes, from cnlx,
'the heel,' and gradus, 'a step.' One who walks
on his heels.
CALCII CIILORIDUM. Caleis murias — c.
Chloruretum, Caleis murias — e. Oxyehloruretum,
Caleis chloriilum — c. Oxj'dum, Calx viva — c.
Protochloruretuin, Caleis chloridum — c. Sulphu-
retuui, Caleis sulphuretum.
CALCINA'TION, dddna'tio, Calci'non. Con-
crema'tio, from caf.e, 'lime.' The act of submit-
ting to a strong heat any infusible mineral sub-
stance, which we are desirous of depriving either
of its water, or of any other volatiliziible sub-
stance that enters into its composition ; or which
we wish to combine with oxygen. Alum is cal-
cined to get rid of its water of crystallization ; —
chalk, to reduce it to the state of pure lime, by
driving oft' the carbonic acid ; and certain metals
are sulyeeted to this opcrntion to oxiilize them.
CALCINATUM MAJUS POTERII, Hydrar-
gyrum praic'ipitatum.
CALCFNONIA. Cnlcena.
CALCIS BICIILORURETUM, Caleis chlori-
dum— c. Carbonas, Creta — c. Carbonas durus,
Greta, Marmor — e. Carbonas friabilis, Creta.
CaLCIS Car'BOXAS PllyECIPITA'TUS, Precip'-
ifated Car'bonate of Lime, Precipitated Chalk.
This preparation, introduced into the last edition
of the Pharmacopoeia of tlie United States, is pre-
pared as follows: Liq. Calcii dhlorid. Ovss; Soda
Coro'oiat. Ibvj ; Aqiice dentillat. q. s. Dissolve the
carbr)nate of soda in six parts of distilled water;
heat this and the solution of chloride of calcium,
separately, to the boiling point, and mix. Wash
the precipitate repeatedly with distilled water,
and dry on bibulous paper. It has the same pro-
perties ns creta praqiarata, and is preferred to it
in ctriain cases, — for example, as an ingredient in
tooth i)ovvders, owing to its freedom from gritty
particles.
Cai.cis Chlo'ridum. Chlo'ride or Chlo'rnret or
Hypochlo'rite or Chlorite or O.ri/triu'riateof Lime,
Calx chloriua'ta (Ph. U. S.) seu Ojcrjmuriat'icn,
Protoxichlor' uret of Calcium, Calcn'ria chlora'tu
seu Chlorica, Chlornm seu Chlnrctnm Calca'ria,
Oxi/chloritre'tum seu Protochlorure'tinn Calcii,
Chlunirc'tiim Oxidi Calcii, Bichlorure'tiim seu
Oxymu'rias Calcin, Caleis Hypochlo'ris, Bleach-
ing or Tennnnt's Powder, (F.) I^rotoxichlonire
de Calcium, Chlorure d' Oxide de Calcium,
Chlnrure ou Oxichlorure ou liichlorure ou Oxi-
mv.riate ou 3furiate siiroxi(/eiie ou oxir/ene de
Chaux, Poiidre de Blaiichement, P. de Tennant.
A compound resulting from the action of chlorine
on hydrate of lime. Chloride of lime is a most
valualile disinfecting agent, (see Disinfection,)
■when dissolved in the prc.portion of one pound to
six gallons of water. It has likewise been em-
ployed both internally and externally in various
diseases, as in scrofula, foetor oris, foul ulcers,
Cai.cis IlKPAn, Caleis sulphuretum — c. Ily.
dras, see Calx — c. Ilypochloris, Caleis chloridum.
Cai.cis Mu'hiaS, Muriate of Lime, Calx sali'lri,
Calcii Chlorurc'ttnn seu Chlo'ridum, Chloride of
calcium, (F.) Chlorure de calcium. Muriate du
Hydrochlorate de Cliaux. This salt has been
given, in solution, as a tonic, stimulant, &c., in
scrofulous tumours, glandular obstructions, gene-
ral debility, &o. A Solu'tio Muria'tis Calcii,
Liquor Caleis Muria'tis, Solution of Muriate of
Lime, Ijiquid Shell, may be formed of Muriuie
of Lime, ^y, dissolved in distilled u'aler, t^uy
The Liquor Cal'oii Ciilo'hidi or Solution of Chin-
ride of Cidcium, of the Pharmacop(cia of the
United States, is prepared as follows : — Marlh,
in fragments, .^ix, Muriatic acid. Oj ; JJislillnl
water, a sufficient quantity. Mix the acid with
a half pint of the water, and gradually add the
marble. Towards the close of the ellervescence
apply a gentle heat, and, when the action h:is
ceased, pour off the clear liquor and evaporate to
dryness. Dissolve the residuum in its weight and
a half of distilled water, and filter. Dose, from
gtt. XXX to f 3J. in a cupful of water.
Cai.cis Oxymuuias, Caleis chloridum— e.
Phosphas, see Cornu cervi — c. Phosphas prajci-
pitatum, see Cornu ustum.
Calcis Sulphure'tum, Cal'cii sulplnire'tiim,
Hepar Calcis, Sul'phtiret of Lime, S. of Cal'eiinn,
Hi/drosulphate of Ijime, (F.) Proto-hi/ilroxul/nle
de C<ilcium, lliplrosulfate de chaux. Piincipally
used in solution, as a bath, in itch and other
cutaneous affections.
CALCITEA, Ferri sulphas,
CALCITEOSA, Plumbi oxydum scmivitreum.
CALCITHOS, Cupri subacetas.
CALCITRAPA, Centaurea Calcitrapa, Del-
phinium consolida — c. Hippopha>stum, Centau-
rea calcitra])a — c. Stellata, Centaurea calcitrapa.
CALCIUM. CHLORIDE OP, Calcis mmias-
c. Chlorure de, Calcis murias — c. Chlorure d'oxide
de, Calcis chloridum — c. Protohydrosulfate de,
Calcis sulphuretum — c. Profo.richlorure de, Cal-
cis chloridum — c. Protoxichloruret of, Calcis
chloridum — c. Protoxide of, Calx — c. Sulphuret
of, Calcis sulphuretum.
CALC0-SUI3PHALANGEUS MINIMI DI-
GIT I, Abductor minimi digiti pedis — c. Subpha-
langeus pollicis, Abductor poUicis pedis.
CALCOCOS, Bell-metal.
CALCOIDEA, (ossicula.) Cuneiform bones.
CALCOTAR, Ferri sulphas.
CALCUL, Calculus.
CALCULEUX, Calculous.
CALCULI, see Calculus — c. Articular, see
Calculi, arthritic; and Concretions, articular.
Calculi, Alternating, see Calculi, urinary.
Calculi, Artiiuit'ic, Tophi, Tuber' cula ar-
ihrit'ica. Calculi arthrit'lct scu podot/'riei,
Chalk-stones, Gout-stones, Nodes, (F.) Pierres
crayeuses, Calculs arthritiques, Nwuds. Concre-
tions, which form in the ligaments, and within
the capsules of the j(dnts, in persons affected with
gout. They are composed of uric acid, soda, and
a little animal matter; very rarely, urate of liinc
and chloride of sodium are met with. Similar
calculi are found in other parts beside the joints.
Cal'culi, BlL'lAuy, Calculi hilio'si foufell'd
seu hilia'rii, Bil'iary Coucre'tious, Oall-stonm,
Cholol'ithus, Cholel'ifhus, (F.) Calculs biliairen,
Pierres an fid, Auijichololithe, — Piorry. Some
of these contain all the materials of the bile, and
seem to be nothing more than that secretion
thickened. Several contain Picromd ; and the
g»eater part are composed of from 8S to 9-1 parts
of Cholesterin, and of from 6 to 12 of the yellow
matter of the bile. Biliary calculi are mo"st fre-
quently found in the gall-bladder : at other times,
CALCULI
155
CALCULI
in the cuVjstnnPC of the liver, in the branches of
ttie DiiitiiH hi-pntic.uH, or in the Ductus Coiinniinh
(Jh<ih(li<fhiin. The first are called Ci/ntic; the
Bcoiiil Jfe/inli'c ; anil the last, sometimes, Jlcjin-
tiKt/xiir. The causes which give rise to them are
very obscure. Often they occasion no uneasi-
ness, and at otlier times the symptoms mny be
confoumled with those of hepatitis. At times,
they are rejected hy the month, or by the bowels,
along with a considcra'ile quantity of bile, which
bad accumulated -behind thorn ; at other times
they occasion violent abdominal inflammation,
abscesses, and liiliary fistulse, rupture of the gall-
bladilcr, and fatal elfusion into the peritoneum.
The passa<;e of a gall-stone is extremely painful;
yet the pulse is not at first affected. Antiphlo-
gistics, when there is inflammatory action, and
strong doses of opium, to allay the pain and
spasm, with the warm bath, are the chief reme-
dies. Solvents are not to be depended upon.
They cannot reach the calculi.
Calculi, Bone Earth, see Calculi, urinary —
C. Compound, see Calculi, urinary — c. C3'stic, see
Calculi, urinary.
Cal'ciili of the Ears, (P.) (lidcnh de V Oreille.
riard. light, and inflammable concretions, which
occur in the mcatnH andilnrins e.rternns, anil are
merely indurated cerumen. They are a frequent
cause of deafness. They can be easily seen, and
may be extracted by appropriate forceps, after
having been detached by injections of soap and
water.
Calculi Fkllei, Calculi, biliary — e. Fusible,
see Calculi, urinary.
Cal'culi, LACIl'RVJrAL, (F.) CalculH lacrif-
rnaux.. Concretions sometimes, but rarely, form
in the lachrymal passages, where they occasion
abscesses and fistulie, which do not heal until
they are extracted. No analysis has been made
of them.
Calculi, Lithic, see Calculi, urinary.
Cal'culi of thr Mamm.«, (P.) Calcnh fhs
Jlf'tiiiellen. rialler gives a case of a concretion,
of n yellowish-white colour, which had the shape
of one of the excretory ducts of the mammary
gland, having been extracted from an abscess
seated in that organ.
Calculi, Mulberry, sec Calculi, urinary.
Cal'culi of the Pax'creas, (F.) Cdlculs du
Pfinci(ns. These are but little known. Ana-
logy has induced a belief tiiat the}- resemble
the salivary. Some have supposed that certain
transparent calculi, rejected by vomiting, or
passed in the evacuations, have proceeded from
the pancreas, but there seems to be no reason for
this belief.
Cal'culi op the Pive'al (iland, (F.) Calcitls
de la Glande Piii^a/e. These have been fre-
quently met with. No symptom announces their
presence during life. They are composed of
phosphate of lime.
Calci:li Podagrict, Calculi, arthritic.
Cal'culi op the Prostate. Prostnt'ic cnl'cnU.
These are not very rare. They have generally
the same composition as the preceding. They
usually present the symptoms common to every
tumefaction of the prostate, and sometimes those
of calculi in the bladder.
Cal'culi Pul'moxahv, (F.) CnJcuh pnlmo-
nniren. These concretions are very frequently
met with in the dead body, without seeming to
have produced unpleasant symptoms during life.
At other times, they are accompanied with all
the symptoms of phthisis, Lithn-phthisln, Phthisie
tnlciileitae. of Bayle. See Lithiasis pulmonnin.
At times they are expectorated without the
supervention of any unpleasant symptom. They
arc usually formed of carbonate of lime and ani«
mal matter,
Cal'culi, Sal'ivary, Cal'culi saUva'les, Sin-
lol'itlii, (F.) CdlcniH siilivaires. Concretions,
usually formed of phosphate of lime and animal
matter, which are developed in the substance of
the salivary glands or in their excretory ducts.
In the first case, they may be mistaken for a
simple swelling of the gland ; in the second, they
may generally be detected bj' the touch. They
may be extracted by incision in the interior of
the mouth. The calculus developed in the sub.
lingual ducts has been called Cal'eulus mtbliii-
(pin'lis and Ri'u'ula lapide'a.
Cal'culi, Spermat'ic, (P.) Calcuh sperinn.
tiqnes. These have been sometimes found in tlie
vesieulae scminales after death. They cannot I e
detected during life. No analysis has been made
of them.
Cal'culi of the Stomach and Intes'tines,
Enterol'ithiin, E. Cal'eulus, Caprol'ilhus, Concre-
tio'ues alvi'ncB, (F.) Calcnls de I'estomuc. C. iii-
testi'naux ou atercornu.r, Pierres stercortdcs, Caii-
cretions intextinnhs. Calculi of the stomach are
rare, and have almost always been carried thither
by the antiperistaltic action of the intestines. Tlie
symptoms occasioned by them are those of chronic
gastritis. It has been imagined that the cori-
tinued use of absorhent powders, as magnesia,
will give occasion to them.
Intestinal concretions, (F.) Calculs iutesfinnii.r,
are not uncommon in animals (see Bezoard :)
but they are rare in man. The causes whiih
give rise to them are litile known : sometimes a
biliar.v calculus affords them a nuideus. Their
composition varies. They are light, hard, very
fetid, and not inflammable. They are formed,
ordinarily, between the valvuUo of the small in-
testines, or in the cells of the large, and some-
times in old hernire. Whilst they do not ob-
struct the passage of the alimentar.v mass, they
produce no unpleasant symptoms. At times, the
movable tumour which they form may bt fo't
through the parietes of the abdomen. They are
generally evacuated per titnnn. .
Cal'culi op the Ton.sils. Calculous concre-
tions, which sometimes form in the tonsils. (F.)
Cnlcnln dcH Aiin/>idales. They are easily recog-
nised by the sight and touch : sometimes the.y
are discharged by spitting, either alone or W'ith
the pus of an abscess occasioned by their pre-
sence. They have not been analyzed.
Calculi, Triple, see Calculi, urinary — c.
Uric, see Calculi, urinary.
Cal'culi, U'hinary, Uird'ltJn', (F.) Ccdcids
ttri'niitres, Pierres urinnires. Concretions which
fortn from the crystallizable substances in the
urine, and which are met with not only in the
whole course of the urinary passages, but in fis-
tulous openings wherever the urine stagnates
naturally or accidentally. Their causes are but
little known. They are more common at the two
extremities of life than at the middle, and more
so in some countries and districts than in others.
At times, a clot of blood, a portion of mucus,
&o., form the nucleus. The symptoms and treat-
ment vary according to the seat of the calculus.
There is no such thing probably as a medical
solvent. See Urinary Calculi.
Chymists have demonstrated the exist-
ence of several components of urinary calculi,
vis., Lithic Acid, Phosphate of Lime, Amvio-
niiiro-MagnesiiiH Phosphate, O.ralate of Lime,
Ci/stic Oxide, and Xauthic Oxide, with an
animal cementing ingredient. The varieties of
ealculi., produced by the combination or inter-
mixture of these ingredients, are thus represented
by Dr. Paris.
CALCULIFRAGUS
156
CALCULS B I LI A I RES
A TABULAR VIEW OP DIFFERENT SPECIES OF URINARY CALCrLI.
SPECIES OF CAL-
CULI.
EXTEB.NAL CIIAHACTEBS.
CIIYMICAL COMl'DSITIO.N.
KKMMIKS.
1. LITHIC or
URIC.
Form, a flattened oval. S. G.
seiicrally (•xcitpcls I, .500. Colour,
browiii.^ih or faun-likp. Surface,
smooth. Tezture, laminated.
It consists prinripallv of Lil/iic
Jicid. When treated wilh nitric
acid, a beautiful pink substance
results, 'i'liis calculus is slightly
soluble in water, abundantly so
in the pure alkalies.
It is the prevailing
species ; but the siiiliae
sonieiimes occurs fine
Iv tubcrculatcd It fre-
ipienlly cnnstiliiies the
nuclei of the othi.'r spe-
cies.
2. MULDER RY,
(F.) Cidculs
muraux.
Co/our. (lurk brown. Texture,
hauler than that of the other
S|)('(;ifs. S G from ].4'-'>'to 1.976.
Surface, studded with tubercles.
It IS oxalate of lime, and is de-
composed in the flame of a spirit
lamp swelling out into a white
efflorescence, whicli is quick-
Ihne,
This sjiecies iiicliidee
some varieties, wliicli
are remarkably smooth
and pale-coloured, re-
senibliii!.' hnnp.scnt.
3. BONE EARTH
Co/our, pale brown or gray ;
surface, smooth and polished;
structure, regularly laminated ;
the lamina; easily separating
into concrete crusts.
Principally phosphate of time.
It is soluble in muriatic acid.
4. TRIPLE.
Colour, generally brilliant
white. Surface, uneven, studded
with shining crystals, less com-
pact than the preceding species.
Between its lamina; small cells
occur, filled with sparkling par-
ticles.
It is an ammoiiiaco-mairnexian
phosphate, generally mixed with
phosphate of lime. Pure alka-
lies decompose it, extracting its
aninionia.
This species attains a
larger size than any of
the others.
5. FUSIBLE.
Co/our, grayish wiiite.
A compound of the two fore-
going species.
It is very fusible,
melting into a vitreoud
globule
6. CYSTIC.
Very like the triple calculus,
but it is unsiratified and more
compact and homogenous.
It consists of CI/Stic oiiiie. LTn-
der the blowpipe it yields a pe-
culiarly fetid odour. It is solu-
ble in acids, and in alkalies,
even if they are fully saturated
with carbonic acid.
It is a rare species.
7. ALTERNA-
TING.
Its section exhibits different
concentric laminae.
Coinpininded of several spe-
cies, allernatiiig wilh each other.
8. COMPOUND.
No characteristic form.
The ingredients are separable
only by chyinical analysis.
1. Renal Calculi, (P.) Cnlctih rennux. These
h.ave almost always a very irregular shape :
St tiinos, there is no indication of their pre-
sence : at others, they occasion attacks of pain
in the kidneys, sometimes accompanied with
bioody or turbid urine. Often, they cause in-
danimation of the kidneys, with all its unplea-
sant result,?. They are generally formed of uric
acid, animal matter, and oxalate of lime, with,
sometimes, phosphates. The treatment will have
to vary, according to the absence or presence of
inflammatory signs, — relieving the irritation by
opiates. A surgical operation can rarely be ap-
plicable.
2. Colcui; of the UrelfTR, (F.) Calcnh del
Ureteren. These come from the kidneys, and do
not produce unpleasant effoets, unless they are
go large as to obstruct the course of the urine,
atid to occasion distension of the whole of the
ureters above them : or unless their surface is so
rough as to irritate the mucous membrane, and
occasion pain, hemorrhage, abscesses, &c. The
pain, during the passage, is very violent, extend-
ing, at times, to the testicle of the same side
in the male: and occasioning a numbness of the
tliigh in both sexes. The treatment consists in
peneral or local blood-letting, warm bath, and
opiates.
;?. C'llciifi, Venicnl ; Stone iti the Bladder,
Lith'ia VeHiea'lin. Lithi'nfii'K ri/t'ticn seu vesica'Un,
Ci/ito-Hthl'aKi's, Di/su'rifi calriilo'xn seu irrifn'ta,
C'll'enluH vcKi'cm, (F.) Cnlruh reaicaux.. These
are the most common. Sometimes, they proceed
from the kidneys: most commonly, they are
formed in the bladder itself. Sense of weight in
the perinasum, and sometimes of a body rolling
■when the patient chancres his position; pain or
itching at the extremity of the glans in men ;
frequent desire to pass the urine; sudden stop-
page to its flow; and bloody urine — are the chief
signs which induce a suspicion of their existence.
We cannot, however, be certain of this without
sounding the patient. Sometimes, when of a
small size, they are expelled: most commonly,
they remain in the bladder, the disorganization
of which they occasion, unless removed by a sur-
gical operation.
4. Ctdc.nli, Ure'thral. These almost always pro-
ceed from the bladder. The obstruction, which
they cause to the passage of the urine, the hard
tumour, and the noise occasioned when struck
by a sound, indicate their presence. They are
removed by incision.
5. Ciileidi of Fin'tidoun pansar/cs. These arise
when there is some fistulous opening into the
urethra. They can be readily recognised, ami
may gener.nlly be extracted with facility. (F.)
CalculK places hora dea voiea icriuairea. See Uri-
nary Calculi.
Cal'culi of the U'terus, (F.) C'drnh (h
V Uterus. These are ver}' rare. Tlic signs, which
indicate them during life, are those of chronic
etujorgcment of the uterus. Their existence, con-
sequently, cannot be proved till after death.
CALCULIFRAGUS. Lithontriptie.
CAL'C ULCUS, (F.) Calcuhux, Graveleux.
That which relates to calculi, especially to those
of the bladder.
Calculous Oxyd. Oxyd, cvstic.
CALCULS (F.). pi. of Col'enl, a calculus.
CALCULS BILfAfHES, Calculi, biliary —
c. de VEstomac, Calculi of the stomach — e. de la
Glrinde Pineale, Calculi of the pineal gland — c.
Infealhiaux, Calculi of the stomach and intestines
— c. Larn/niaux, Calculi, lachrymal — c. des Mii-
meUes. Calculi of the mamma) — c. M^imnr, see
Calculi, urinary — c. (/e V Oreille, Calculi in the
ears— c. dn Pancreas, Calculi of the Pancreas—
c. Places hors dcs voies nriiiaires. Calculi of fis-
tulous passages— c. Pulmonaires, Calculi, pulmo-
CALCULUS
157
CALLIBLEPIIARUM
nary— -c. Rennux, Calculi, renal — c. Salivaires,
Calculi, salivary — c. Spermntiqiten, Calculi, sper-
matic— V. Slei-coranx, see Calculi of tbe stomach
and intestines — c. Urinairea, Calculi, urinary — c.
chs Uieteres, Calculi of the ureters — c. de I'Uti-
ri(i. Calculi of the uterus — c. Veaicaux, Calculi,
vesical.
CAL'CULUS, Lapis, Lithoa. A diminutive
of calx, a lime-stone. (F.) Calcul, Pierre.
Calculi are concretions, which may form in every
part of the animal body, but are most frequently
found in the organs that act as reservoirs, and in
the excretory canals. They are met with in the
tonsils, joints, biliary ducts, digestive passages,
lachrynial ducts, mammic, pancreas, pineal gland,
prostate, lungs, salivary, spermatic and urinary
jiassages, and in the uterus. The causes which
give rise to them are obscure.
Those that occur in reservoirs or ducts are
supposed to be owing to the deposition of the
substances, which compose them, from the fluid
as it passes along the duct; and those which
occur in the substance of an organ arc regarded
as the product of some chronic irritation. Their
genenil effect is to irritate, as extraneous bodies,
the parts with which they are in contact; and to
produce retention of the fluid, whence they have
been formed. The symptoms differ, according to
the sensibility of the organ and the importance
of the particular secretion whose discharge they
impede. Their solution is generally impracti-
cable : spontaneous expulsion or extraction is the
only way of getting rid of them.
Calculus Bkzoar, Bezoard — c. Dentalis,
Odontolithus — c. Encysted, Calcul chatonne — c.
Sublingualis, see Calculi, salivary — c. Vesicae,
Calculus, vesical.
CALDAS, WATERS OF. Caldas is a small
town, ten leagues from Lisbon, where are mineral
springs, containing carbonic and hydrosulphuric
acid gases, carbonates and muriates of lime and
magnesia, sulphates of soda and lime, sulphuret
of iron, silica,, and alumina. They are much
used in atimic gout. They are thermal. Tem-
perature 93° Fahrenheit.
CALDK'RL13 ITAL'IC^, Warm baths in
the neighbourhood of Ferrara, in Italy, much
employed in dysuria.
CALEB ASSES, Cucurbita lagenaria.
CALKDO'NIA SPRINGS. These are in Penn-
sylvania, fifteen miles from Chambersburg. The
waters are pure ; temperature 52° Fahr.
CALEnoMiA. Springs, see Canada, mineral
Waters of.
CALEFA'CIENTS, Calefacien'tia, Therman'-
tica, from cnlidus, 'warm,' and facio, 'I make.'
(F.) Ki-hmiffimts. Substances which excite a de-
gree of warmth in the part to which they are
applied, as mustard, pepper, <tc. They belong
to the class of stimulants.
CALEFACTIO, Echauffcment.
CALENDULA ALPINA, Arnica montana.
Calen'uula ArVF.n'sis, C<dthn Arven'sis seu
officiiKi'tis, Wild 3far'igold, (F.) Souci des
Champs. Order, Compositaj. This is, some-
times, preferred to the next.__^ Its juice has been
given, in the dose of from f^j to f^iv, in jaun-
dice and cachexia.
Calen'dula Officixa'lis, C. Sati'vn, Ohrji-
san'thdiinin, S/xnisa solis, Cnllhn vuliju'ris ; Ver-
ruca'riti, Siiir/lc or Garden Mar'itfolil, (Prov.)
Goldiiii/, (F.) Souci, S. ordinaire, Fleur de tons
lea moi's. Famih/, Synanthereiu, Syngenesia ne-
eessaria Linn. So called from flowering every
calend. Tbe flowers and leaves have been exhi-
bited as aperients, diaphoretics, <tc., and have
been highlv extolled iu cancer.
CALENDULA MARTIALES, Fernim am-
moniatum.
CALENTU'RA, Cul'enture, from calere, 'to be
warm.' The word, in Spanish, signifies fever. A
species of furious delirium to which sailors are
subject in the torrid zone : — a kind of phrenitis,
the attack of which comes on suddenly after a
broiling day, and seems to be characterized by a
desire in the patient to throw himself into the
sea. It is only a variety of phrenitis.
Calentura Continua, Synocha.
CALENTU'RAS; Palo de Calentu'ras. Pomet
and Lemery say, that these words are sometimes
applied to cinchona. Camelli says, they mean,
also, a tree of the Philippine Isles, tbe wood of
which is bitter and febrifuge.
CALF KNEE, Entogonyaneon— c. of the Leg,
Sura.
GALTCE, Calix.
C ALICES BEN ALES, see Calix.
CALICO BUSH, Kalmia latifolia.
CALIDARIUM, see Stove.
CALIDUIVI ANIMALE, Animal heat — c. In-
natum, Animal heat.
CALIFOR'NIA, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Several mineral springs exist in California, near
40° N. Lat. and 40^° longitude west of Wash-
ington, directly upon the California trail, leading
from the sink of Humboldt river to Pyramid
lake. Their temperature varies from cold to
almost boiling. They ebb and flow at irregular
intervals ; have not been analyzed ; but some
have the taste of a strong solution of sulphate of
magnesia. They have had the singular effect of
inducing blennorrhoeal symptoms, both in man
and animals.
CALIGATIO, Dazzling.
CALI'GO. 'A mist.' Achhjs, (F.) Brouillard.
An obscurity of vision, dependent upon a speck
on the cornea: also, the speck itself; CuUyo cor'-
necB seu a NephcV io seu a Lenco'inate, J/ac'ula
cornccB seu semi pell u'cida, Phtharma cali(/n, He-
hetu'do visds, Nch'ula, Opahe cornea, Wch-eye,
Web, Pin-and-Wcb, (F.) Nona<je de la Comic,
Taie ou Taye, Ohscurciasement de la vue, Aicera-
todiaphanie, — Piorry.
Caligo Lentis, Cataract — c. Pupillw, Syne-
zisis — c. Synizesis, Synezisis — c. Tenebrarum,
Hemeralopia.
CALIHACIIA CANELLA, Lanrus cassia.
CALISAYA BARK, Cinchona- cordifolise cor-
tex.
CALISTHEN'ICS, Callisthen'ics, Calistheni'a,
CidlistJieiii'a, {¥.) Callistlienie, frcim kmAoj, 'beau-
tiful, and (rSsvo;, 'strength.' The art of promoting,
by appropriate exercises, strength of body, and
grace of movements.
CALIX, Calyx, Li/undib'uliim, from xaAuf, 'a
cup,' 'a flower cup.' (F.) Calice, Entonnoir.
Anatomists have given this name to small cup-
like membranous canals, which surround the
papilhv of the kidney, and open into its pelvis,
whither they convey the urine : — Cal'ices rena'l&s,
Cylind'ri membrana'cei licnum, Fin'tulcB nre'te-
rum renum, Canales vienibra'nei lienum, Tn'bnli
pelvis renum. Their number varies from 6 to 12
in each kidney.
Calix Vomitoria, Goblet, emetic.
CALLA PALUS'TRIS, Water Arum ; indige-
nous. Ord. Araceae : has similar virtues to those
of the Arums.
Calla Virginica, Peltandra Yirginica.
CALLEUX, Callous.
CALLIBLEPH'ARUM, from KaWo^, 'beauty,'
and (3Xc(papov, 'eyelid.' A remedy for beautify-
ing the eyelids.
CALLICANTIIUS
158
CALUMBA
CALLTCANTHUS, Calycanthus.
CALLICAR'PA AMERICA'NA, French MuV-
hernj ; indigenous. Order, Verbenaccae. Used
as a eutropliic in cutaneous diseases. Said to be
useful in drop?}'.
CALLICOCCA IPECACUANHA, Ipecacu-
anlia.
CALLTCRRAS. Pancre.is.
CALLIOMARCIIUS, Tussilago,
CALI.IP-E'DIA, from icaXXo?, 'beauty,' and
ran, Ttit^o;, 'a child.' The art of begetting beau-
tiful fhildren. This was the title of a poem by
Claude Quillet, in 1055; "OallijicBdia si've de pnl-
chrcp. proh's hahenda; rcitione." The author ab-
.surdly supposes, that the beauty of children is
affected by the scnsati<ins which the mother ex-
periences during her pregnancy.
CALLIPERS OF BAUDELOCQUE, see Pel-
vimeter.
CALLIPESTRIA, Cosmetics.
C ALLIPII YLLUM, Asjjlenium trichoma-
noides.
CALLIP'YGOS, from koXXdj, 'beauty,' and
Tuyi;, ' buttocks.' A coguomen of Venus, owing
to her beautiful nates.
CALLISTHENICS, Calisthenics.
CALLITRICIIE AQUATICA, C. Verna— e.
Ileterophylla, C. Verna— c. Intermedia, C.
Verna.
Cai.i.it'richk Verna, (KaXo;, 'beautiful,' and
&pi^, Tiiix'>i, 'hair,' from its capillary and tufted
stems,) C. nqiiat'ien seu intc.rme'din seu hetero-
phijl'ld, Wotcr chickmeed, ]Vuter starwort. : indi-
genous ; Order, Callitrichacere ; is diuretic, and
used in dropsy, in the form of tincture or of de-
coction.
CAL'LITRIS ECKLO'NL A South African
tree, Ord. Coniferae, from the branches and cones
of which a gum exudes, that resembles Gum
Sandarac. This is successfully used in the form
of fumigations in gout, rheumatism, oedematous
swellings. &c.
Callitius CuPRESSOiDES, a common shrub in
the neighbourhood of Cape Town, exudes a simi-
lar substance.
CALLOSITAS, Induration — c. Palpebrarum,
Scleriasis — e. Vesica>, Cystauxe.
CALLOS'ITY, Calloe'itas, Seyro^, Ti/le, Tylux,
Ti/lo'ma, Tylu'niK, Dcrniatoscler'i't^is, JJermatot!/-
lo'mn, Dermcitutylo'm'n, Dermatot'ylun, I^oms, Ec-
phij' inn Calltis. Hardness, induration, and thick-
ness of the skin, which assumes a horny consist-
ence in places where it is exposed to constant
pressure. (F.) Durtllon. Also the induration,
which is observed in old wounds, old ulcers, fis-
tulous passages, <fec.
CALLOUS, Callo'mi8, OcJifJio'des, from callus,
'hardness.' (F.) Cnlleu.v. That which is hard
or indurated. A C(dlous Ulcer is one whose edges
are thick and indurated.
CALLUNA ERICA, Erica vulgaris — c. Vul-
garis, Erica vulgaris.
CALLUS, Cains, CalUim, Osteot'ylns, (F.) Cal.
The bony matter, thrown out between the frac-
tured extremities of a bone, which acts as a ce-
ment, and as a new bony formation. The words
are. likewise, used occasionally in the same sense
as Callosity.
Callus, PnovisiONAL. When the shaft of a
long bone has been broken through, and the ex-
tremities have been brought in exact juxtaposi-
tion, the new matter, first ossified, is that which
occupies the central portion of the deposit, and
thus connects the medullary cavities of the broken
ends, forming a kind of plug, which enters each.
This was termed by M. I)upuytren the provi-
sional Callus.
CALMANTS, Sedatives.
CA LME, (F.) The interval that separates the
paroxysms of an acute or chronic disease. AVhen
the type is intermittent, the word intermUslon is
used.
CALOMBA, Calumba.
CAL'OMEL, from icaXof, 'good,' and fitXif,
'black.' A term, formerly applied to ^Ethiops
mineral. By some, the mild chloride of mercury
is said to have been so called by Sir Theodnre
Turquet de Mayerno, in consequence of its having
been prepared by a favourite black servant, cir,
according to others, because it was a good remedy
for bUick bile. It is now applied to the mild
chloride of mercury only. See Hydrargyri sub-
murias.
CALOMEL STOOLS. A term applied to tlio
green, spinach-like, evacuations occasioned hy
the internal use of the mild chloride of mercury.
CALOMEL'ANOS TURQUE'TI, Hydrargyri
submurias. A name, also, given by Riverius to
purgative pills, prepared with calomel, sulphur,
and resin of jalap. — Dictionaries.
CALOMELAS, Hydrargyri submurias.
CALO'NIA, KaXiavia. An epithet formerly
given to myrrh. — Hippocrates. See Myrrha.
CALOPHYLLUM INOPHYLLUM, see Fa-
gara octandra.
CALOR, Heat — c. Animalis, Animal heat —
e. Nativus, Animal heat.
CALORWITE, (F.) Caloric"ifas. The faculty
possessed by living bodies of generating a suffi-
cient quantity of caloric to enable them to resist
atmospheric cold, and to preserve, at all times
and in every part, a temperature nearly equal.
See Animal Heat.
CALORIFA'CIENT, Calorif'innt, Cnlori/a'.
ct'enn, Cnlorijj'anfi : from calor, 'heat,' and/nrcir,
'to make.' Having the power of producing heat.
Relating to the power of producing heat.
CALORIFICA'TION, Calorfficu'tio, from m-
lor, 'heat,' And jieri, 'to be made.* The funetiun
of producing animal heat.
CALOliixESES, from calor, 'heat.' The
name under which M. Baumes proposes to ar-
range all diseases characterized by a sensible
change in the quantity of animal heat. The ('«-
hirineses form the first class of his Nosology.
CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA, Mudar— c". Mu-
darii, Mudar.
CALOTTE, (F.) Pile' ohm. Anatomists some-
times give the name. Calotte aponevrotiqnc, to
the aponeurosis of the occipito-frontalis muscle,
which covers it externally ; and that of Calotte
dn crane to the scnU-cap,
Calotte is also applied to an adhesive plaster,
with which the head of a person labouring under
tinea capitis is sometimes covered, after the hiiir
has been shaved off. This plaster is pulled sud-
denly and violently off, in order to remove the
bulbs of the hair. It means, also, a sort of coiT
made of boiled leather, worn by those who have
undergone the operation of trepanning, Ac.
CALOTTE D' ASSURANCE, Condom.
CALTHA ALPINA, Arnica montiina— c Ar-
vensis. Calendula arvensis — c. Marsh, C. Palus-
tris — c. Officinalis, Calendula arvensis.
CaLTHA Palus'triS, Mamh 3lar'i(j(dd, .lil'iTxh
Caltlia, CoHnHpn. Order, Ranunculacea; : iuili-
gcnous. A syrup prepared from it is a popular
cough remedy.
Caltha Vulgaris, Calendula ofBcinalis.
CALTROPS, see Trapa nntans.
CALUM'BA, Colom'ho, Calnm'ba, Colom'hi,
(Ph. U. S.); Colnmho, Radix ColnmhcB, (F.) Cu-
Itimbe ou Colttmbe. The root of Jleninper'i.iuin
CALUS
159
CAMPIIENE
jxilmtt'tnm, Cnc.'culuH pnlma'tus. Order, Meni-
fcperiniict'aj : indigenous in Mozauibique. Its
oilour is slightly uroiuatic; taste unpleai^antly
bitter. It is tonic and antiseptic. Dose, gr. 10
to J5J '" powder.
(Jam:mba, American, Frnse'ra Walteri seu
Citrulliicn'm's seu Ojjlcinn'liii seu verticil' lata,
Hwer'tin diffiiriii'iH seu Fraxe'ra, American or
Maricl'ta Culiimbo, Indian Lettuce, Yellow Gen-
tian, (liilden Seat, Meadiiw pride, Pi/r'ainid. The
root Franc' ra (Ph. U. S.) is used in the same
cases as tlie true Caluiuba.
UALUS, Callus.
CALVA, Cranium.
Calva, Valva'ria. The cranium ; the upper
part e.-jpecially ; the skull-cap; — the Vault of the
Cranium, Cam'era.
CALVARIA, Cranium.
CALVA'TA FEllRAMEN'TA. Surgical in-
struments, which have a head or button.
CAliVIT"lES, Calvifium, Phal'acra, Phnla-
cro'iii, Glahrit"ies, Ophi'aKis, Depila'tio Cap'-
itio, I'lialacro'ma, Madaro'sis,Lip8utrich'ia, Batd-
vchu, (Old Eng.) Ballednesse, Cal'vity, Ac, from
calvuK. 'bald,'(F.) Oalvitie, Chanvete. Absence
of hair, particularly at the top of, and behind,
tlie head.
Cai.vit"ies Palpebra'iium is loss of the eye-
lashes.
CALVUS, Athrix.
CALX, Lime, Ca'rium Terra;, Protox'ide of
Cnl'cium, Cnlca'ria pura, (F.) Chaux. The lime,
employed in pharmacy, should be recently pre-
pared by calcination. When water is sprinkled
over caustic lime, we have slaked lime, hydrate
(,f i;„,e, — the Valcia Hydras of the London phar-
niacoptcia.
Cai.x, see Calcaneum — • c. Bismuthi, BL^imuth,
subiiitrnte of — c. Chlorinata, CaU-is chloridum —
c. Cum kali puro, Potassa cum calce — c. Salita,
Calcis murias — c. O-xymuriatica, Calcis chlo-
ridum.
Calx e Testis ; lime prepared from shells.
It has probably no medicinal advantages over
tlijit prepared from marble.
Calx Viva, C. reccns seu iista, Calx et Calx
viva, O.r'idum Cal'cii, Fitmans nix, Lime or
QuicJclime, (F.) Chaux vive. The external ope-
ration of calx viva is eseharotie, but it is rarely
used. Lime is a good disinfecting agent. It is
employed internally in the form of Liquor Calcis.
CALYCANTirUS, C.Flur'idus, Callican'thus,
[?] Carol i'na Allspice, Sweet-scented shrub, Sweet
shrub, from calyx, 'a flower-cup,' and avdoi, 'a
flower.' An indigenous plant; 0)-(/cr, Calycan-
thacesc ; with purplish flowers, of strong, agree-
able odour, which ajjpear from March to June.
The root is possessed of emetic properties.
C A L Y P T R A NTIIES CARYOPHYLLATA,
Myrtus caryophyllata.
CALYSTEliIA SEPIUM, Convolvulus sepium
— c. Soldanella, Convolvulus soldanella.
CALYX, Calix.
CAMARA, Calva.
CAMAREZ, MIxXERAL WATERS OF. C»-
mnrez is a small canton near Sylvanes, in the
department of Aveyron, France, where there are
acidulous chalybeates.
CAMARO'STS, Cnmam'ma, from xnnapn, 'a
vault." Camera'tio. Tcstudina'tio Cra'nii. A. spe-
cies of fracture of the skull — cam' crated frnc-
tnre—\\\ which the fragments are placed so as to
form a vault, with its base resting on the dura
mater. — (Jalcn. Paulus of .Tlgina.
CAMBIE-LEAF, Nympha-a alba et lutea.
C VMBINO. A tree of the Molucca Islands,
from the bark of which a kind of gum-resin ex-
udes, which has been highly extolled in dysen-
tery. It appears to have some resemblance to
the simarouba — Rumphius.
CAMBIUM, ' Exchanfje.' A name formerly
given to a fancied nutritive juice, which was
supposed to originate in the blood, to r-epair the
losses of every organ, and produce their increase.
— Sennertus.
CAMBO, MINERAL WATERS OF. A vil-
lage in the department of Basses Pyrenees,
France, where there are two mineral springs;
the one an acidulous chalybeate, the other sul-
phureous. Temperature, 62° to 09° Fahrenheit.
CAMBODIA, Cambogia.
CAMBO'GIA, from Cambodia, in the Enst In-
dies, where it is oljtaiiied. Jlenee, likewise, its
names Cambo'dia, Cambo'i/ium, Gambo'i/ia, Gam-
bo' (ji um,Gamhu' gi nm ,Ga inboi' dia . It is called, also,
Gutta, Gutta yamba seu Gamandr(B,Giimmi Gutta,
Catayau'na, Cattajau' ma, Chri/'nopus, Laxati'vus
Lid'icus, Gumnii Bo'ijia seu (jaiiKin' drtr ?eu de Goa
seu de Jemn seu ad Pod'ar/ram, Chilta jemoco,
Cand)oge or Gamboc/e, (F.) Gomme Gutte. Ord.
Guttiferae. A yellow juice obtained from Ilebra-
dendroH Camh-or/ioi'dcn, and other plants of the
natural family (Juttifera3, but it is not known
from which of them the oBSeinal camboge is ob-
tained. It is inodorous, of an orange yellow
colour; opake and brittle; fracture, glassy; is a
drastic cathartic, emetic and anthelmintic; and
is used in visceral obstructions and dropsy, and
wherever powerful hydragogue cathartics are re-
quired. Dose from gr. ij to vi, in powder, united
with calomel, squill, <fec.
Cambogia Gutta, (Jarcinia cambogia.
CAMBU'CA, Cambiic'ca membra'ta. Buboes
and venereal ulcers, seated in the groin or near
the genital organs. — Paracelsus. See Bubo.
CAMELEF, Cneorum tricoccum.
CAMERA, Chamber, Fornix, Vault — c. Cordis,
Pericardium — c. Oculi, Chamber of the eye.
CAMERATIO, Cam.arosis.
CAMFOROSMA, Camphorosma.
CAMINGA, Canella alba.
CAMISIA FCETOs, Chorion.
CAMISOLE, Waistcoat, strait.
CAMMARUS, Crab.
CAMOMILLE FETIDE, Antherais cotula—
c. Puante, Antherais cotula — c. Romaine, Anthe-
mis nobilis — c. des Teinturiera, Anthemis tincto-
ria — c. Vulrjaire, Matricaria chamomilla.
CAMOSIERS, WATERS OF. Camos-iers is
a canton, two leagues from Marseilles, where are
two springs containing carbonate of lime, sul-
phur, chloride of sodium, Ac. They are purga-
tive, and used in skin complaints.
CAMOTES, Convolvulus batatas.
CAMPAGNE, MINERAL WATERS OP.
Campagne is in the dejiartinent of Aude, France.
The waters contain suljihate and chlorohydrate
of magnesia. Temperature, 80° Fahrenheit.
CAMPAN'ULA. Diminutive of campana, a
bell.
Campanula TnACHE'MUM, Canterbury Bell or
Throaticort, was formerly used, in decoction, ia
relaxation of the fauces. It is, also, called Cer-
vica'ria.
CAMPE, Flexion.
CAMPHENE. The radical of camphor, which,
according to Dumas, consists of camphene and
one equivalent of oxygen. Camj)henc or cam-
phine is represented by pure oil of turpentine,
That which is used for burning in lamps, and ia
occasionally employed therapeutically, is oil of
turpentine purilied by distillation from a solution
of caustic potassa.
CAMPIIIRE
1 0 0
CANAL DE PETIT
CAMPHIRE, Camphor.
CA.Ml'lIOK, from Arab. Cn'plmr or Kam'-
pltii); Cam'phora, Caphura, Caffa, Oaf, Cnfur,
Vaphora, Alta/or, Camphire, (F.) Covqihre.
A concrete substance, prepared, by distillation,
from L'liiius O't III' Jill Ufa, Per'sea Coiii'fora, C<ait-
jihira officiiKiiuiii, an indigenous tree of the East
Indies. " Order, Laurineie. Its odour is strong
and fragrant : it is volatile, not easily pulveriza-
ble; texture crystalline. Soluble in alcohol,
ether, oils, vinegar, and slightly so in water. Its
properties are narcotic, diaphoretic, and sedative.
Dose, gr. v to ^j. Dissolved in oil or alcohol, it
is applied externally in rheumatic pains, bruises,
sprain?, Ac.
CAMi>iioit Water, Mistura Camphorse.
CAMPHORA'CEOUS, Camphora'cens. Rela-
ting to or containing camphor; — as a ' camphor-
aeeoHs smell or remedy.'
CAMPHORATA HIRSUTA, and C. MON-
SPELIEXSIUM, Camphorosina Monspeliaca.
CAMPH'ORATED, Camphora'tus, (F.) Cnm-
phri. Relating to camphor ; containing cam-
phor ; as a cumphorated smell, a camphorated
draugltt.
CAMPHOROS'MA MONSPELIACA, C. Pe-
reJi'iiiV, from Camphor, and otritrj, 'odour.' Sela'go,
Camphora'tn hirsit'ta seu Moiixpelien'slum, Hairy
Camphoron'ma, (F.) Cumphree de Ifoiitjie/licr.
Order, ChenopodiaeesB. Sex. Sijsf. Tetrandria
Monogynia. This plant, as its name imports, has
an odour of camphor. It is regarded as diuretic,
diaphoretic, cephalic, antispasmodic, Ac. It is
also called Uhamapeu'ce and Stinking Ground
Pine. '
CASfPHonosMA Perennis, C. Monspeliaca.
CAMPIIRE, Camphor.
CAMPHRE, Camphorated.
CAMPHIIEE DE MONTPELLIER, Cam-
phorosma Monspeliaca.
CAMPION, ROSE, Lychnis githago.
CAMPOMANE'SIA LINEATIFO'LIA. A
tree, twenty to thirty feet high, which grows in
Peru, and whose fruit — jialillo — of a bright yel-
low colour, and as large as a moderate-sized apple,
has an exceedingly agreeable scent, and is one
of the ingredients in making the perfumed water
called niiHtura. — Tschudi.
CA^tlPSIS, Flex'io, Curva'tio, Injiex'io. Bone
or cartilage, forcibly bent from its proper shape,
without breaking. — Good.
Campsis Depressto, Depression.
CAMPYLOR'RHACHIS; from KannvXog,
' crooked,' and pa;^i;, ' spine.' A monster whose
spine is crooked. — Gurlt.
CAMPYLORRHI'NUS; from Ka/jnrvXoi,
'crooked,' and piv, 'nose.' A monster whose
nose is crooked. — Gurlt.
CAMPYLOTIS, Cataclasis.
CAMPYLUM, Cataclasis.
CAMUS, (F.) Simiis, Besi'mns, Simo, Silo, Si-
las. One who has a short, stumpy nose. The
French speak of A'ez camus, 'short nose.'
CANADA BURNET, Sanguisorba cana-
densis.
CAN'ADA, MINERAL WATERS OF. St.
Catherine's, at the head of Lake Ontario, at the
entrance of the Welland Canal, 12 miles from
Niagara Falls, and on the Great Western Rail-
road, has a mineral spring, much frequented,
which Dr. Chilton, of New York, analyzed and
found to contain chlorides of calcium, magnesium,
sodium, and iron, sulphate of lime, carbonates of
lime and magnesia, hromide and iodide of mag-
nesium, silica and alumina.
Tuscarora Acid Spring is in the township of
Tuscarora, about 20 miles north of 1 ass Dover.
It contains a large amount of free suli.luine acid ;
beside sulphates of the alkalies, lime, magnesia,
alumina and iron.
Charlotteville Sniphiir Spring is a few milc!
from Dover, on Lake Erie. It contains an uu-
usual quantity of sulphuretted hy<lrogen.
The Caledonia Springs — a well known water-
ing place — are a few miles south of the Ottawa
river, and 40 miles from Montreal. There lire
various sources ; one — the Gas Spring — diselinrg-
ing carburetted hydrogen ; a Saline and a ,V»/-
2>hiir Spring; besides an Jntcriniltiiig Spring,
which discharges large quantities of carlniretted
hydrogen ; and in which iodine and bromine have
been detected.
CANAL, Cann'lis, Dnctiis, ilca'tns, Pnros,
Och'etos, (F.) Conduit. A channel for affording
passage to liquids, or solids, or to certain organ,--.
Canal, Alimen'tary, C. Diges'tive, Cann'lis
seu Ductus ciba'riiis seu digesti'vua seu aliiiteu-
ta'rins, Tubus alimenta'rius seu intestino'nim,
Diges'tive Tube, Aliment'ary Duct or Tnhe. The
canal extending from the mouth to the anus.
Canal, Akach'noii), Cana'lis Bichot'ii, Cnnnl
of Biehat. A canal, formed by the extension of
the arachnoid over the transverse and longitudi-
nal fissures of the brain, which surrounds the vena
magna Galeni. The orifice of the canal has
been termed the Foramen of Biehat.
CANAL ARTE HI EL, Arterial duct — c. de
Bartholin, Ductus Bartholinus — c. of Biehat,
Canal, arachnoid — c. Bullular, of Petit, Godrouue,
canal — c. Carotidien, Carotid canal — c. ChoU-
doque, Choledoch duct — c. Ciliary, Ciliary canal
— c. of Cotunnius, A.t)U8cductus vestibuli — c. Di'-
ferent, Deferens vas — c. of Fontana, Ciliary cnnnl
— c. Goudronne, Godronne ccaial — c. H(p>atiqiie,
Hepatic duct.
Canal of IIdguier. A small canal at the
inner side of the fissure of Glaser, through whii-h
the chorda tympani nerve leaves the cavity of
the tympanum.
Canal, Hy'ALmn. A cylindrical passage, de-
scribed by M. J. Cloquet as formed by the reflec-
tion of the hyaloid membrane into the interior
of the vitreous body around the nutritious artery
of the lens. M. Cruveilhier has never been able
to see it.
Canal, Inci'site, see Palatine canals — e. Infra-
orbitar, Suborbitar canal — c InJIcxe de I'os tew-
pioral. Carotid canal — c. Interrneiliare des ventri-
cules, Aquaeductus Sylvii.
Canal, Intes'tinal, Cana'lis seu Ductus inten-
tina'lis. The portion of the digestive canal formed
by the intestines.
Canal of Jacobson, Canal, tympanic.
Canal, Med'ullary. Tlie cylindrical cavity
in the body or shaft of a long bone, which cou-
tains the marrow.
Canal, Nasal, Lachrymal canal.
Canal of Ncck. A cylindrical sheath formed
around the round ligaments of the uterus by a
prolongation of the peritoneum into the inguinal
canal.
CANAL DE PETIT, Godronne canal — c.
Pulino-aortique, Arterial duct — c. Rachidian,
Vertebral canal.
Canal op Sciilemm. A minute circular canal,
discovered by Professor Schlemni, of Berlin. It
is situate at the point of union of the cornea and
sclerotica.
Canal, Spinal, Vertebral canal — c. SpirouU
de I'os temporal, Aquaeductus Fallopii — c. de S'e-
non, Ductus salivalis superior — c. Thoracique,
Thoracic duct — c. Veineux, Canal, venous — c.
Vulvo-uterinc, Vagina — c. de Warthon, Ductua
salivalis inferior.
CANALES AliRIFERI
IGl
CANCER
CAyAl,, Tym'panic, Cnnn'Us tympnn'icun, Cnnal
o/J'i'cobmiii. A eaiiiil which opens on the lower
surface of the petrous portion of the temporal
bone, between tiie carotid canal and the groove
for the internal jugular vein. It contains Jacob-
son's nerve.
Can.vl, V'ectou, Tube, Fnllopian.
Canal, V'knous, Cutin'lis seu Ductus veno'sua
8cu />. I'. Arnu'tii, (F.) Canal veiueux. A canal
which exists only in the fcetus. It extends from
the bifurcation of tiie umbilical vein to the vena
cava inferior, into which it opens below the dia-
phragm. At times, it ends in one of the infra-
hepniic veins. It pours into the cava a part of
the blinxl, which passes from the placenta by the
umbilical vein. After birth, it becomes a fibro-
cellular cord.
Canal ov Wuisung, see Pancreas.
CAX.\LK.S AKRIFERI, see Bronchia.
CANA'LKS BRESCIIET'I. Canals in the
diploe for the passage of veins ; so called after
M. Breschct.
Caxali:.s Circulares, Semicircular canals — c.
Cochlcie, Scal;« of the cochlea — c. Lacrymales,
Lachrymal ducts — c. iMeml)ranei rcnum, see Calix
— c. Tiihicformes, Semicircular canals.
CANAI-rCULATED, Grooved.
CAXALICULATUS, CaunelS, Grooved.
CAXALIUULE, Grooved.
OAXALWULES CALCIFERES, Canaliculi
calciferi.
CANALICULI. plural of Canaliculus— c. Bili-
feri, Pori biliarii — c. of Bone, see Lacunae of
Bone.
CANALICULI CALCIF'ERI, Cuhiferous
catinls, (F.) CmialiritleH Ca/ci/ereo. Minute ca-
nnliculi, ol)scrvcd with the microscope, in the
cartilages of bones, which are full of calcareous
salts.
CANALICULI HAVERSIAXI, Canals, nu-
tritive— c. Lacrymales, Lachrymal ducts — c.
Limacum, Lachrymal ducts — c. Semicirculares,
Semicircular canals — e. Scminales, see Testicle
— c. Seminiferi, see Testicle — c. Vasculosi, Canals,
nutritive.
CANALICULUS, diminutive of canalis, 'a
channel.' A small channel. See Canaliculi.
CANALIS, Meatus — c. Alimentiirius, Canal,
alimentary — c. Arteriosus, Arterial duct — c.
Bichatii, Canal, arachnoid — c. Caualiculatus, Gor-
get— c. Caroticus, Carotid canal — c. Cervicis, see
Uterus — c. Deferens, Deferens vas — c. Eminen-
tife quadrigeminic. Aquicductus Sylvii — c. Fallo-
pii, Aquicductus Fallopii — c. Intcstinoruin, Intes-
tinal tube — c. L:icrymalis, Lachrj'mal or nasal
duct — c. Medius, Aijuicductus Sylvii — c. MedulUie
Spinalis, see Vertebral column — c. Nervous fistu-
losus renum, Ureter — c. OrbitiB nasalis. Lachry-
mal or naiial duct — c. Scalarum communis, In-
fundibulum of the cochlea — c. Semicircul.aris ho-
rizontalis, see Semicircular Canals — c. Semicif-
cularis verticalis posterior, sec Semicircular Ca-
nals— c. Semicircularis verticalis superior, see
Semicircular canals — c. Tympanicus, Canal, tym-
panic— c. Urinarius, Urethra — c. Vidianus, Pte-
rygoid canal.
CANALS OF HAVERS. Canals, nutritive —
e. Haversian, Canals, nutritive.
CajJALS, NuTltlTlVK, Canah for the nutrition
of bonei. Diictiix uiitrit"ii, Cnnnlic'uli vanculo'si
seu Narprnin'iii, Ifacer'nian Canah, Canah of
Ilnvern, (F.) C'inan.r nonrriciers ou rfu Nutrition
dea 08, Coiifiuils nonrriciers ou nutriciers. The
canals through which the vessels pass to the
bones. They are lined by a very fine lamina of
11
compact texture, or are formed in the texture
itself. There is, generally, one large nutritious
canal in a long bone, situate towards its middle.
CANAPACIA, Artemisia vulgaris.
CANARIES, CLIMATE OF. The climate
of the Canaries greatly resembles that of Ma-
deira. That of the latter, however, is more
equable, and the accommodation for invalids
much superior.
CANARIUM COMMUNE, see Amyris elemi-
fera.
CANARY-SEED, Phalaris Canariensis.
CANAUX AQUEUX, see Aqueous — c. Demi-
circuhiires, Semicircular canals — c. Ejaculafem^,
Ejaculatory ducts — c. Xourriciers, Canals, nutri-
tive— c. de Xntrition des o«, Canals, nutritive.
CANAUX DE TRAXSMISSTOX. Accord-
ing to Bichat, the bony canals intended to give
passage to vessels and nerves going to parts more
or less distant — as the Cann'lis Cnrof'icus, &c.
CANAUX VEINEUX, Venous Canah. The
canals situate in the diploe, which convey venous
blood.
CAN'CAMUM. A mixture of several gums
and resins, exjiorted from Africa, where it is used
to deterge wounds. Dioscorides calls, by the
name KayKafxov, the tears from an Arabian tree,
which are similar to myrrh, and of a disagree-
able taste. He advises it in numerous diseases.
This name is given, also, to the Anime.
CANCAMY, Anime.
CAN'CELLATED, CanceUa'tus,(¥.) Cancel! e ;
from Canoelti, 'lattice-work.' Formed of can-
celli, as the 'cancellated structure of bone'
CANCEL'LI, 'Lattice-work.' The Cellular
or Spnntjy Texture of Bones, (F.) Tissu celluleux ;
consisting of numerous cells, communicating with
each other. They contain a fatty matter, an.'ilo-
gnus to marrow. This texture is met with, prin-
oipally, at the extremities of long bones: nn<l
some of the short bones consist almost wholly of
it. It allows of the expansion of the extremities
of bones, without adding to their weight, and
deadens concussions.
CANCEL'LUS, from cancer, 'a crab.' A spe-
cies of crayfish, called the Wrong Heir, and Her-
nard the Hermit: which is said to cure rheuma-
tism, if rubbed on the part.
CANCER, 'a crab.' Car'cinos, Lupus eancro'-
siis. A disease, go called either on account of tha
hideous appearance which the ulcerated cancer
presents, or on account of the great veins which
surround it, and which the ancients compared to
the claws of the crab : called also Carcino'ma.
It consists of a scirrhous, livid tumour, inter-
sected by firm, whitish, divergent bands; and
occurs chiefly in the secernent glands. The
pains are acute and lancinating, and often extend
to other parts. The tumour, ultimately, termi-
nates in a fetid and ichorous ulcer, — Ulcui
cancro'sum. It is distinguished, according to its
stages, into occult, Cancer occul'tus, and open, ('.
aper'tus ; the former being the scirrhous, the
latter the ulcerated condition. At times, there is
a simple destruction or erosion of the organ, at
otliers, an enccphaloid or cerehriform, and, at
others, again, a colloid degeneration.
For its production, it requires a peculiar dia-
thesis, or cachexia. The following table, from
Dr. Walshe, exhibits the characters of the three
species of carcinoma :
The use of irritants in cancerous affections is
strongly to be deprecated. When the disease is
so situate that excision can be practised, and
the constitution does not exhibit great contami-
nation, the sooner it b removed the better.
CAXCER ALV£OLAIRE 162 CAXCER DE G ALIEN
Encephaloid.
Resembles lolmlated cerebral
matter.
Is cDiiimonly opake from its ear-
liest fcirmatioM.
Is of a (lead white colour.
Contains a multitude of minute
vessels.
Is less hard and dense than scir-
rhus.
Is frequently found in the veins
issuini; from the diseased mass.
'I'he (iredominatit microscopical
elements are Klobular, not always
distinctly cellular, and caudate cor-
pusrula.
Occasionally attains an enor-
moiis bulk.
Has bei^n observed in almost
every tissue of the body.
Very ronmionly co-e.\ists in se-
veral parts or organs of the same
subject.
Is remarkable for its occasional
vast rapidity of growth.
Is frequently the seat of insterti-
tial hemorrha^'e and deposition of
black or bistre-coloured matter.
When softened into a pulp, ap-
pears as a dead white or pink opake
matter of creamy consistence.
Subcutaneous tumours are slow
to contract adhesion with the skin.
Ulcerated encephaloid is fre-
quently the seat of hemorrhaire,
followed by rapid fungous develop-
ment.
The proffress of the disease after
ulceration is commonly very rapid.
It is the most common form un-
der which secondary cancer exhi-
bits itself
Is the species of cancer most fre-
quently observed in young subjects.
Scirrkus.
Resembles rind of bacon tra-
versed by celliilo-fibrous septa.
Has a semi-transparent glossi-
ness.
Has a clear whitish or bluish
yellow tint.
Is comparatively ill-supplied v\ itli
vessels.
Is e.vceedingly firm and dense.
Has not l)een distinctly detected
in this situalioM.
The main microscopical consti-
tuents are juxtaposed nuclear cells;
caudate corpuscular do not exist
in it.
Rarely acquires larger dimen-
sions than an orange.
Its seat as ascertained by ohser-
valiiui. is somewhat more limited.
Is not unusually solitary.
Ordinarily grows slowly.
Is comparatively rarely the seat
of these changes.
Resembles, when softened, a yel-
lowish brown semitransparent ge-
latinous mailer.
Scirrhus thus situate usually be-
comes aiheront.
Scirrhous nbers much less fre-
queiitlv five rise to hemnrrhaue ;
and fuiiffous growths (provided
they retain the scirrhous charac-
ter) are now more slowly and less
abuu'lantlv develojied.
There is not such a remarkable
change in the rate of progress of the
disease after ulceration has set in.
Is much less common before pu
berty.
Colloid.
lias the appearance of particles nf
jelly in hi id ni a reirnlar alveolar lied
'Jlie ciuilamed matter is stiiK
ini.'ly transparent.
Greenish yellow is its preilomi.
nam hue.
Its vessels linve not been stitR.
cieiitly examined as yet.
The jelly like vinller is exceed,
ingly soft ; a coll'ii<| mnss is, hew-
ever, firm and resisting.
The piiltaceous variety has been
dete( ted in the veins.
Is composed of shells in a state
of cmboitcment
Observes a mean in this respect
Has so far been seen in a liiiijtecl
number of parts only.
Has rarely been met with in more
than one organ.
Grows with a medium degree of
rapidity.
Undergoes no visible change of
the kind.
Has so far been observed in adiilla j
only.
CANCER ALVEOLAIRE, Colloid — c. Al-
veolaris, Colloid — c. Apertus, see Cancer.
Cancer AquAT'lCtTS, Gan'grenous stomati'tin,
Cnncrum Oris, Gangranop'sia, Canker of the
month, Gnn'grenous mre mouth, Gan'grcnous ern'-
sion of the cheek. Sloughing Phngeda'na of the
mouth, Writer Canker: called, also, Aphtha ser-
pen'tes, GangrcB'na Oris, Noma, Nome, Nomus,
Pseudocarcino'nia la'hii, Stomac'nre gniigrano'na,
CheUoc'aee, Uhc'ace, Uli'tls sep'tica, Cheilomn-
Wcia, Scorbu'tns Oris, Stomatomnla' cia pu'trida,
Stomatosep'sia, Stomatoneero'sis, Carhnn'cnlua
Inhio'rum et gena'ram, (F.) Cancer aqnatiqne,
Stomatile gangreneuse, S. Charhonneuse, Gangrene
ou Sphacke de la Bouche, Fegnrite, Aphthe gan-
grineux. Certain sloughing or gangrenous ulcers
of the mouth — so crtlled, perhaps, because they
are often accompanied with an afflux of snliva.
The disease is not uncommon in children's asy-
lums, asd demands the same treatment as hospi-
tal gangrene — the employment of caustics, and
internal and external antiseptics.
CANCER AQUATfQUE, Cancer aquaticus,
Stomncace — c. Areolaire, Colloid — e. Astacus, see
Canerornm cheliB — ^c. Black, Cancer melanotic—
c. of the Breast, Mastocareinoma — c. Camina-
riorum, Cancer, chimney-sweepers' — c. Cellular,
Eneephaloid — c. Cerehriforme, see Encephaloid.
Cancer, Chimney-sweepeus', Sootwnrt. Can-
cer mundito'rum seu purgato'ris infitmic'nli seu
eamm'irio'ntm. Cancer seu carcino'ma scroti, Os-
cheocarcino'ma^ Oachocarcino'ma, (F.) Cancer
des Ramoneiirs. This affection begins with a
superficial, painful, irregular ulcer, with hard and
elevated edges, occupying the lower part of the
scrotum. Extirpa-tion of the diseased part is the
only means of effecting a cure.
CANCER COLLOlDE, Colloid.
Cancer, Davidson's Remedy for, see Conium
maculatura.
CANCER DUE, Scirrhus.
CANCER EBURNE. A kind of waxy dege-
neration of the breast, so called by M. Alibert, hut
which appear-i to be in no way allied to cancer.
CANCER ENCEPHALO'tDE, Scirrhus-c.
Epithelial, see Epithelial — c. Fibreux, Scirrhus—
c. Fibrous, Scirrhous — c dn Fo-ie, Hepatosarcomie.
Cancer Gat^e'ni, (F.) Cancer de Galien. .\.
bandage for the head, to which Galen gave the
name cancer, from its eight heads resembling,
rudely, the claws of the crab. It is now sup-
plied by the bandage with six chefs or head;-,
which is called the Blindage of Galen or B. oj
the Poor.
CANCER DE GALIEN, Cancer Galeni — c.
Gelatiniform, Colloid — c. Gelatinous, Colloid— c.
Gommenx, Colloid — c. Hard, Scirrhus — c. Intes-
tinoruni, Enteropathia cancerosa — c. des InteHtim,
Enteropathia cancerosa — c. of the Lung, Phthisi.i,
cancerous — c. Lupus, Lupus — c. Mastoid, see
Mastoid cancer — c. Medullaris, Encephaloid— c.
Melteneus, Cancer, melanotic — c. 3felane, Cancer,
melanotic — c. Mel-anodes, Cancer, melanotic.
Cancer, Melanot'ic, Cancer me/ano'des, Cnr-
eino'nia melano'des seu mclanot'icnm seu mela-
iiens. Fungus melano'des, Mel'ano-carcino'wt,
Black or Mel' an aid Cancer, (F.) Cancer MelaM.
A combination of cancer and melanosis.
Cancer, Miltlike, see Miltlike.
CANCEREUX
163
CANITIES
Can'cer Mollis, see Encephaloid — c. Mou,
Enct'phaloid — c. Munditoruin, Cancer, chimney-
sweepers'— c. Nephroid, see Nephroid — c. Occul-
tus, see Cancer — c. Oculi, Scirrhophthalinus — c.
Oris, Stoinacace — c. Ossis, Spiira ventosa — c.
Piiaryngis et oesophagi, Laeinoscirrhus — c. Pul-
IdcS, Colloid — c. Purgatoris infuiniculi, Cancer,
chimney-sweepers' — c. des JidnKiueiun, Cancer,
chimney-sweepers' — c. Scirrhosus, Scirrhus — c.
Scroti, Cancer, chimney-sweepers' — c. Soft, UiB-
matodes fungus — c. Solanoid, see Solanoid — c.
S'i>iirrheiix, Scirrhus — c. of the Stomach, Gas-
irostenosis cardiaca et pylorica — c. Uteri, Metro-
carcinoma.
CAXCEREUX, Cancerous.
CANCER ROOT, Orobanehe Virginiana, Phy-
tolacca decandra — c. Weed, Uoodyera pubescens,
Salvia lyrata.
CANCEROMA, Carcinoma.
CAN'CEROUS, Cancro'sus, Carcino'sna, (F.)
Cmicireiix. Relating to cancer ; as Cancerous
ulcer, CouceroiiH (/iathevis,
CANCIIALAGUA, Chironia Chilensis.
CANCRENA, Gangrene.
CANCRODES, Cancroid.
CAN'CROID, K(i)ikroid, Cancro'des, Cancro'i'-
des, Uarciiio'des, C<irctiioiden, Cuiirroideus, from
cancer and £(i5of, ' form.' That which assumes a
cancerous appearance. Cancroid is a name given
to certain cutaneous cancers by Alibert: called
also Gheloid or Keloid, Chel'oh'n, Cau'crois, Ke-
loi'ilen, (j(^c\vi, 'a tortoise,' and ciSo;, 'likeness;'
or from itr/Ais, 'a spot or stain,' and ciioi, 'lilie-
ness;') Kelin, from their presenting a flattish
raised patch of integument, resembling the shell
of a tortoise.
Canckoid of the Skin, see Epithelial.
CANCROrS, see Cancroid.
CANCROMA, Carcinoma.
CANCRO'RUM CllEL^, Oc'uli sen Lap' ides
seu Lapil'li Caiicru'ruin, Concremen'ta As'taci
Jluvial' ilifi, Crab's stones or eyes, (F.) Yeux
d'^crevisse, Pierre d'Ecrevisse. Concretions found,
particularly, in the Cancer As'tacits or Cray-fish.
They consist of carbonate -iind phosphate of lime,
and possess antacid virtues, but not more than
chalk.
CANCROSUS, Cancerous, Chancrense.
CANCRUM ORIS, Cancer Aquaticus, Sto-
macace.
CANDELA, Bongie — c. Fumalis, Pastil — c.
Medicata, Tinnrjic — c. Regia, Verbaseum nigrum.
CANDELARIA, Verbasenm nigrum.
CANDI, Candnm, Canthiim, Can'tion, Candi/,
from candidus — 'white, bleached, purified.' Pu-
rified and crystallized sugar. See Saceharum.
CANDIDUM OVI, Albumen ovi.
CANDLE, Pupil.
Candi.k, Mkiu'u'rial. A candle made of wax
and rermilion for mercurial fumigation.
Candlk Thee, Parmentiera cerifera.
CANDY, Candi.
CANDYTUFT, BITTER, Iberis amara..
CANE, SUGAR, see Saceharum — c. Sweet,
Acorus calamus.
CAXEFfCfER, Cassia fistula.
CAXELA, Nectandra cinnamomoides.
CAXELE, Grooved.
CANELLA, see Canella alba.
Caxel'la Alba, diminutive of cawiin, 'a reed.'
A West India tree. Fam. Magnoliacea; : Sex.
Sysl. Dodecandria Mmiogynia, It is so called
because its bark is rolled up like a reed. C'ntex
Wintrra'nns spn'rins, Canella Cnha'na seu irt'ii-
tera'nia, Cinnamo'nmm allmni. Cortex Autiscor-
hu'ticHS seu Aromnl'ieiis, Castas conico'sns, Ca-
mtii'yn, Canella (Ph. U. S.), Canella Bark, (F.)
Candle ou Vanelle blanche, Fausse Ecorce de
Winter, Ecorce Cariocostine ; Ord. Guttiferae, is
a pungent aromatic. Its virtues are partly ex-
tracted by water; entirely by alcohol. It is a
stimulant, and is added to bitters and cathartics.
CANfcLLA Cauyopiiyi.lata, Myrtus caryophyl-
lata — c. Cubana, C. alba, Lauras cassia — c. Mala-
barica et Javensis, Laurus cassia.
CANELLIFERA M ALAB ARIC a, Laurus
cassia.
CANEPIN, (F.) A fine lamb's skin or goat's
skin, used for trying the quality of lancets.
CANICACEOUS, Furfuraceous.
CAN'ICiE. Meal, in which there is much
bran. Also, coarse bread; or bread in which
there is much bran — Panis Canica'ceus.
CANICIDA, Aconitum.
CANIC'ULA; the Dogstar, from canis, 'a dog;*
Tlctfitoi, Sirius, (F.) Canicule. This star, which
gives its name to the Doydai/s, Vies canicida'res,
because they commence when the sun rises with
it, was formerly believed to exert a powerful in-
fluence on the animal economy. The Dogdays
occur at a period of the year when there is gene-
rally great and oppressive heat, and therefore —
it has been conceived — a greater liability to dis-
ease.
CANTF, Knife.
CAN IX, Canine.
CANINAN^E RADIX, Cainca? radix.
CANINE, Cani'nns, Ci/n' ici(s, i'rvm canis, 'a
dog,' (F.) Canin. That wliich has a resemblance
to the structure, Ac, of a dog.
Canine Fossa, Fossa Cani'nn, Tnfra-orbitar or
Snhorhitar fossa, (F.) Fosse Canine. A small
depression on the superior maxillary bone, above
the dens caninns. which gives attachment to thft
caninus or levator ani/nti oris muscle.
Canine LaL'GH, Sardon'ic laugh, llisns Cani'-
niis seu Sardon'icus seu Sardo'nins seu Sardaniot
seu de Sardo'nia seu involunta'rius seu sjnis'ticus,
Turtu'ra seu DIstor'sio Oris, Gelas'mns, Sardi'~
asis, Sardoni'asis, Trismus Sardon'icus seu ci/n'-
icHS, Spasmus musculorwn facie i seu ci/n'icus, Pro-
sopnspas'mus, (F.) His canin, li. S<irdonique^ R,
Sardouien, R. ino<iuenr. A sort of laugh, the facial
expression of which is produced particularly by
the spasmodic contraction of the Caninus muscle.
Probably, this expression, as well as Cynic Spasm,
Spasmus cani'nus seu cyn'icus, Convul'sio cani'ua.
Trismus eyn'icus, may have originated in the re-
semblance of the affection to certain movements
in the upper lip of the dog. The Risus Sardon'-
icus is said to have been so called from similar
symptoms having been induced by a kind of
Ranunculus — R. scelera'tus — that grows in Sar-
dinia.
Canine Teeth, Denies Cani'ni seu Lania'rii
seu angula'res seu cuspida'ti seix columella' res seu.
oeula'res seu morden'tes, Cyuodon'tes, Eye Teeth,
Pug Teeth, (F.) Dents cauinrs ou laniaires ou an-
gidaires ouoculaires ou <rilleres ou cono'ides. The
teeth between the lateral incisors and small mo-
lares of each jaw ; — so named because they re-
semble the teeth of the dog.
CANINUS, Levator anguli oris — e. Sentis,
Rosa canina — c. Spasmus, see Canine Laugh.
CANIRAM, Strvchnos nux vomica.
CANIRAMINl'M, Brueine.
CANIRUBUS. Rosa oaiiina.
CANIS INTKHFECTOR, Veratrum sabadilla
— c. Poiiticus, Castor fiber.
CAN1T"IES. from canus, 'white.' Rlnnching,
Whiteness or grayness of the hair, and especially
of that of the head — Trichon'osis polio'sis. (F.)
Canitie. When occurring in conscq'.ience of old
age, it is not a disease. Sometimes it happens
suddenly, and apparently in consequence of severe
mental emotion. The causes, however, are not
clear. See Poliosis.
CANKER
164
CAPBERN
CAXKER, Stomacace — c. of the Mouth, Can-
cer aqu.itieiis.
CAXKKR RASH, see Cynanche maligna,
CANKER, WATER, Cancer aquaticus.
C A N N A, see Tunn-les-Mois, Cassia fistula,
Trachea — e. Brachii, Ulna — c. Domestica cruris.
Tibia — e. Edulis, '''ous-les-Mois — c. Fistula, Cas-
sia fistula — c. i.idica, Sagittarium alexipharuia-
cum — ('. JIajor, Tibia — c. Minor, Fibula, Radius
— c. Soluiiva, Cassia fistula — c. Starch, Tous-les-
Mois.
CANNABIN, Bangue.
CANNAB'INA, from Kavvafiig, 'hemp.' Reme-
dies composed of Cannabis Indiea. — Pereira.
Caxn'abina AguATicA, Eupatorium canna-
biniim.
CANNABIS INDICA, Bangue. See, also,
Churrus.
Can'xabis Sati'va, (F.) Cham^re, Ghamhrie.
The seed of this — Hempxeed, Sf.m'iiia Cnn'nubin,
(F.) Clietievis — is oily and mucilaginous. The
decoctiiin is sometimes used in gonorrhoea.
CANNACORUS RADICE CROCEA, Curcuma
longa.
CANyA3fELLE, see Saccharum.
CAKXE AROMATIQUE, Acorus calamus —
c. C<>v(jo, Costus — c. de Uioiere, Costus — c. &
Sucre, see Sacoharum.
CANXEBERGE, Vaccinium oxycoccos — c.
Ponctiif'e, Vaccinium vitis idiea.
CANNEL, Laurus cinnamomum.
CANNKL-BONE, Clavicle.
CANNEL-WATER, Aqua cinnamomi.
CANXELE ou CAXELE (F.), from cannlis,
'a canal.' Sn/ca'tiis, Stria' tits, Canaliculii'tns.
Having SI canal or groove — as J/»»c/e cannele
(Lieutaud), the Gemini; Corps cinnicles ou stries,
the Corpora striata; Sonde cannelee, a grooved
sound, kc. See Crooved.
CANNELL BAYNE, Clavicle.
C A X X E Ij L E, Laurus cinnamomum — c.
Blnnche, Canella alba — c. de la Chine, Laurus
cassia — c. de Corornaiidel, Laurus cassia — - c.
Fausse, Laurus cassia — e. Giro/lee, Myrtus cary-
ophyllata — c. des Indes, Laurus cassia — c. de
Jr(i-ii, Laurns cassia — c. de 31<ilabar, Laurus cas-
sia— c. Matte, Laurus cassia — c. Officinale, Lau-
rus cinnamomum — c. J'oivree, see Wiutera aro-
matica.
CANNULA. Canula.
CANNULiE PULMONUM, Bronchia.
CANOPUM, see Sambucus.
CANOR STETHOSCOPICUS, Tintement me-
talliqne.
CANQUOIN'S CAUSTIC PASTE, Pasta zinci
chloridi.
CANTABRICA, Convolvulus Cantabrica.
CANTABRUNO. Furfur.
CANTARELLUS, Meloe proscarabaeus,
CANTATIO, Charm.
CANTEL, Vertex.
CANTERBURY, WATERS OF, Aqnm Can-
tuarie7i'ees. The veaters of Canterbury, in Kent,
England, are impregnated with iron, sulphur,
and carbonic acid.
CANTERIUM, Cantherius.
CAXTIIARJDE T ACHE tee, Lytta vittata.
CANTHARIDINE, gee Cantharis.
CAN'TIIARIS, from Kav^apa^, 'a scarahcens'
0. vesicfito'ri<(, 3Iusca Hispaiiicn, Mel'oe vesica-
to'rins. Lijtla vesicato'ria, tHii'terinf/ Fli/, niister-
Jiy, Blix'terbeetle, Spanish Fly, Fly, (F.) Cantlia-
rides, Mouches, M. d'Espagne. This fly — Order,
Coleopterte — originally, perhaps, a native of
Italy and Spain, is now found in France, Ger-
many, Hungary, Russia, Siberi.a, and England.
It is, however, rare in the last-named country.
It is found in species of OleaoeaB — as the ash,
privet, and lilac j and of Caprifoliaceae — as the
elder and loniccra. It is much employed in me-
dicine, and is the most common vesicatory.
Given internally, and even when absorbed from
the skin, it atttK-ts the urinary organs, e.xciiing
strangury. Tbis may bo prevented, in ca.scs t>(
blisters, by interposing between tlio blistcriii»
plaster and skin a piece of tissue-paper. Dilu-
ents relieve the strangury. Dose, half a gniiii
to one grain. If kept dry, the flies will retain
their activity for many years. Their active prin-
ciple — Can'tharidin, Cuntharidi'iia — has been
separated from them.
Cantharis vrslcittoria is the ordinary blisterin"
insect used in Europe.
Cantharis seu Lytta vittn'ta, (which see,) and
C. ntra'ta, C. maryina'ta, and C. finc'rea, of
America; 0. ntoma'ria, of Brazil; C. ru'fivenn,
of Sumatra and Java; C. gigas, Lytta caru'ka,
of Guinea and the East Indies; C. viuln'ew,
Lytta gigas mas, of the East Indies; C.Syr'iuca,
Lytta seg'etnii), of Arabia; Myla'bris, 31, pviic-
td'ta, 31. pnstiila'ta, and 3L cicho'rii, of Cbinn
and the East Indies ; 3feloe proscarabce'itu, aii'l
3f. majii'lis or True 3Iayworni — possess siaiilur
properties.
CANTIIE'RIUS, Cantc'rium. The cross-pieoe
of wood in the apparatus used by Hippocrates for
reducing luxations of the humerus.
CANTHI'TIS. Inflammation of the canlbus
of the eye.
CANTIIIUM CORONATUM, Randia dumc-
torum.
CA'STllOI'LAS'TJCE,Oan'thoplasty,(F.)Caii.
thoplastie, from Kav^og, • the angle of the eye,' iunl
TtXaoTiKoi, 'formative.' The formation, by plastic
operation, of the angle of the eye. An operation
proposed by Ammon, when the eyelids are not
sufficiently cleft.
CANTHUM, Candi.
CANTHUS, Epicaii'this, An'gulus ocxdn'rin,
Fons lacryma'riim. The corner or angle of the
eye. The greater canthus is the inner ainjle,
Jlircvs, Hir'quns, Rhanter ; the lesser caiilhm,
the outer angle, 'Parop'in, Pegn.
CANTIA'NUS PULVIS, 'Kent Powder.' A
cordial powder, known under the name 'C'tiKiiteea
of Kent's Poicder,' composed of coral, amber,
crabs' eyes, prepared pearls, <fec. It was given
in cancer.
CANTION, Candi.
CAN'ULA, Can'nula, Au'liscns, Aitlos. Di-
minutive of CanH(t, 'a reed;' Tu'bnlus, (F.) C'u-
n\de ou Cannule. A small tube of gold, silver,
platinum, iron, lead, wood, elastic gum, or gutta
percha, used for various purposes in surgery.
CA'OUTCHOUC. The Indian name fur /»-
dian Rubber, Elas'tic Gum, Gum Elastic, Guiiimi
elas'ticuvi, Cauchvc, Resi'na elas'tica seu Cuyeii-
nen'sis, Cayenne Pesin, Cautchue, (F.) GumiiK
elastique, Pestne ilastique ou de Cayenne. A
substance formed from the milky juice of //(b'i'c''
seu Hevea Guianen'sis, Jat'rojiha elas'tica, Si-
piho'nia Cahuchu, S. elas'tica, Seringue 7Vef, anil
of Fious Indiea, and Artocar'pua inlegrifo'liu: —
South American trees. It is insoluble in water
and alcohol ; but boiling water softens and swells
it. It is soluble in the essential oils and in ether,
when it may be blown into bladders. It is used
in the fabrication of catheters, bougies, pessaries,
&c.
CAP, PITCH, see Depilatory.
CAPACITY, LUNG, see Vital Capacity -c.
Pulmonic, see Vital Capacity.
C.'VPA-ISIAKKA, Bromelia ananas.
CAPBERN, WATERS QV. Cai.hern is in
the department Hautes-Pyr6n6es, France. The
waters contain sulphates ami carbonates of lime
and magnesia, and chloride of magnesium. Tem-
perature, 7J° Fahrenheit. They are purgative.
CATELET
105
CArSICUM
CAPELET, Myrtus carophyllata.
CAPELI'NA, CopeUi'un, (F.) QipcUne. A
Woiiian'H lliil, in French ; Ctijiin'trum, from caput,
' heii'l.' A sort of handaj^e, which, in shajie, re-
sembles a riding-hood. Tlicre are .several kinds
of Udj/c/iiiKu : — 1. That of the hea<l, O. tie la tete,
Fuf'cia ciipltu'lin. See Jioiiiiet d'lllppocrate. C.
of the clavicle., employed in fractures of the acro-
mion, clavicle, and spine of the scapula. C. of an
aiiipiiiitled limb — the bandage applied round the
stump.
CAPKLLINA, Capelina.
CAl'Kll BUSH, Capparis spinosa.
CAI'Hll PLANT, Euphorbia lathyria.
CAPERS, see Capparis spinosa.
CAPEI'US, Im perforation.
CAPMORA, Camphor.
CAPIIURA, Camphor.
CAPILLAIRE, Capillary, see Adiantum
cnpillus veneris — e. dii Caimda, Adiantum pe-
datuin — c. de JHontpellier, Adiantum capillus
veneris.
CAPILLAMEN'TUM, from capillus, 'a hair,'
C(ipiUit"iuni, Trichii'ma, Trichuma'tiun. Any
villous or hairy covering. Also, a small fibre or
fibril.
CAP'ILLARY, Capilln'ria, Capilla'ceun, from
capilliin, 'a hair.' {¥.) Capillaire. Hair-like;
small.
Cac'illauy Vessels, Vaaa capilln'ria, Mi-
crtiiKjI'a, Tricliaiit/i'a, (F.) Vaisscaux eapi/laircs,
CafiiHicuIcK, are the extreme radicles of the ar-
teries and veins, which together constitute the
cupidaiy, intermediate, or j)eripheral vascular
stjHtem — the mclhai'mata or nielliceinatoiia blood-
channels of Dr. Marshall Hall. They possess an
action distinct from that of the heart, but not one
of rhythmic contraction and dilatation. Formerly,
it was conceived that white vessels — Vasa scro'sa
— or vessels so minute as not to admit red cor-
]iuscles, were distributed to the tissues which do
not receive red blood.
CAPILLATIO, Trichismus.
CAPILLATUS, Tmpuber.
CAl'lLLWULES, Capillary vesse.s.
CAPILLITIUM, Capillamentum, EDtropion,
Scalp.
CAPILLORUM DEFLITVIUM, Alopecia.
CAPIL'LUS, quasi Capitix PiUis, Coma, Ch(pte,
Criiiiti, PiluH, Thri.r, Vmsa' ries, (F.) Chevcu.
This term is generally apfilied to the hair of the
head, /'///' seu Ilnuor cap'itis, the characters of
which vary according to races, individuals, &c.
Hairs arise in the areolar membrane, where the
bulb is placed, and are composed of two parts- —
tiiie, external, transparent, and of an epidermoid
cluiracter; the other, internal and stii fjeneris,
which, in the opinion of some, communicates to
tliein their colour. The hair is insensible, and
grows from the root.
Capii.i.us Vexeius, Adiantum capillus veneris
— c. V. Canadensis, Adiantum pedatum.
CAPIPLE'NIUM, Capitiple'tiinm, from caput,
' the head,' nni\ plenum, 'full.' A word employed
with different significations. A variety of catarrh.
— Schneider. A heaviness or disorder in the
bead c(unmon at Rome, like the (caf>i;/3ii/<iu, Care-
biiria, of the Greeks. — Baglivi.
CAPISTRATIO, Phimosis.
CAPISTRUM, Capeline, Chevestre, Trismus—
e. Auri, IJora.x.
Caims'tuum, Phimos, Cemos, kvho^, 'a halter.'
This name has been given to several bandages
for the head. See Capeline, Chevestre.
CAPITALTA REMEUIA, Cephalic remedies.
CAPITALIS, Cephalic.
CAPITELEUM, Alembic, see Caput.
CAPITEUX, Heady.
CAPITILU'VIUM.from eaput,<th<i head,' and
lavare, ' to wash.' A bath for the head.
CAPITIPLENIUM, Capiplenium.
CAPITIPUROIA, Caput purgia.
CAPITIT'RAHA, from caput, 'the head,' and
trahcre, 'to draw.' Instruments which, like the
forceps, draw down the head of the foetus when
impacted in the pelvis.
CAPITO'NES, from caput,' the hcn.(].' Macro-
ceph'ali, Proceph'ali. Foetuses whose heads are
so large as to render labour difiicult. The con-
dition is called Macrocejjha'lia.
CAPITULUM, Alembic, Condyle, see Caput
— c. Costae, see Costa — c. Laryngis, Corniculum
laryngis — c. Martis, Eryngium campestre — c.
Santorini, Corniculum laryngis.
CAPITULUVIUM, Bath (head).
CAPNISMOS, Fumigation.
CAPNITIS, Tutia.
CAPNOIDES CAVA, Fumaria bulbosa.
CAPNORCHIS, Fumaria bulbosa.
CAPNOS, Fumaria.
CAPON, Caqot.
CAPON SPRINGS. A pleasant summer re-
treat, situated in a gorge of the North Mountain,
in Hampshire co., Va., 2.3 miles W. of Winchester.
The waters in the vicinity are sulphurous and
chalybeate; — those at the springs alkaline and
diuretic.
CAPOT, Caqot.
CAP'PARIS SPINO'SA, Cap'parU, Capper,
Ca'pria, Prickl)/ Caper Hush, (F.) Cdprier. Ord.
Capparideic. Sejc. Sijst. Polyandria Monogynia.
The bark of the root and the buds have been es-
teemed astringent and diuretic. The buds are a
well-known pickle — Capers, (F.) Cdpres. •
Cai'I'Aius Baduc'ca, liaduL-'ha. A species of
caper, cultivated in India on account of the beauty
of its flowers. The Orientals make a liniment with
its juice, with which they rub pained parts. The
flowers are purgative.
CAPPONE, WATERS OF. At Cappone, in the
isle of Ischia, are waters containing carbonate of
soda, chloride of sodium, and carbonate of lime.
"Temp. 100° Fahr.
CAPREOLA'RIS, from capreolus, 'a tendril.'
CisstiVdes, Elicin'des, (F.) Capreolaire. Twisted.
CAprtEOLA'uiA Vasa. Some have called thus
the s[)ermatic arteries and veins, on account of
their numerous contortions.
CAPREOLUS, Helix.
CAPRES, see Capparis spinosa.
CAPRIA, Capparis spinosa.
CAPRICORNUS, Plumbum.
CAP PIER, Capparis spinosa.
CAPRIFOLIA, Lonicera periclymenum.
CAPRIFOLIUMDISTINCTUM.Lonicerape-
riclymenum — c. Periclymenum, Lonicera pericl^'-
menum — c.Sempervivens, Lonicera sempervivens,
— c. Svlvaticum, Lonicera periclj'meuum.
CAPRILOQUIUM. Egophony.
CAPRIZANS PULSUS, see Pulse, caprizant.
CAPSA, Boite, Capsule, Case — c. Cordis, Peri-
cardium.
CAPSARIUM. 7?o;/;cr.
CAPSELLA BURSA PASTORIS, Thlaspi
bursa.
CAPSICUM, see Capsicum nnnuum.
Cap'sicum An'nuiim, C. Hinpau'lcnm, from
/cajTTu, 'I bite.' The systematic name of the plant
whence, in part, Cayenne Pepper is obtained, —
Piper In'dicum seu llispau' Icum seu Brazilia'-
num seu Guineen'se seu Calecu'ticum seu Tur'ci-
cum seu Lusitan'icum, Sola'num urens, Siliquas'-
trum Plin'ii, Cayenne or Guinea or Chilli Pepper,
Garden Ginger, (F.) Piment, Poivre d' Inde, Poivra
de Guinee, Corail des Jar-dins. Orde', Solaneae.
The pungent, aromatic properties of BacccB Cap.
CArSIQUE
166
CARANNA
«?'c»*, Cap'ffdim Berries, Capaicinn (Ph. U. S.), are
yielded to ether, alcohol, and water. They are
highly stimulant and rubefacient, and are used as
a condiment. Their active principle is called
Cdpniein.
Capsici'm Hispanicum, Capsicum annuum.
CAPSIQUE, Capsicum annuum.
CAPSITIS, see Phacitis.
CAPSULA, liintier — c. Articularis, Capsular
ligament — c. Cordis, Pericardium — c. Dentis,
Dental follicle — c. Ilumoris aquei, see Aqueous
humour of the eye — c. Lentis, see Crystalline — c.
Nervorum, Neurilemma — c. Sequestralis, see
Sequestrum.
CAPSULE SEMINALES, Vesiculae S. — c.
Synoviale.', Bursas mucosjB.
CAPSULA IRE, Capsular.
CAP'SULAR, Cnpxida'ris, (F.) Capsulaire.
Belating to a eapsula or capsule.
Capsulak ARTEniES, Stiprare'nal Arteries and
Veins. Vessels belonging to the suprarenal cap-
sules. They are divided into superior, middle,
and inferior. The first proceed from the inferior
phrenic, the second from the aorta, and the third
from the renal artery The corresponding veins
enter the phrenic, vena cava, and renal.
Capsular Catapact, see Cataract.
Capsulau Lig'ament, Ligamen'tum capsula're,
Cop'siila nrtifuhi' vis, Artic'ular or Fibrous cap-
side, (F.) Li(/anient erijisiilaire, Capsule articu-
laire, Cupstde Jibreux, kc. Membranous, fibrous,
and elastic bags or capsules, of ,a vfhitish consist-
ence, thick, .and resisting, which surround joints.
CAPSULE, Cap'siila, Capsn, a box, or case,
(F.) Capsule. This name has been given, by ana-
tomists, to parts bearing no analogy to each other.
Capsule, BowJtAN's, see Kidney — c. Cellular,
of the Eye, see Eye — e. Fibrous, Cap.-sular liga-
ment.
Capsule, Gelat'inous, Cap'snla gelat'inm,
(F.) Capside gflafincitse. Capsule of gelatin. A
modern invention by which copaiba and other
disagreeable oils can be enveloped in gelatin so
as to conceal their taste.
Capsule of Glisson, Cap'sula Glisso'nii seu
commu'nis Glisso'.nii, Vagi'nn Portce, V. Glis-
so'nii. a sort of membrane, described by Glis-
son, which is nothing more than dense areolar
membrane surrounding the vena porta and its
ramifications in the liver.
Capsule of the Heart, Pericardium— c. Ocu-
lar, see Eye.
Capsule, Renal, Suprare'nnl or Atrahil'-
iary C, Renal Gland, Glan'dula snprarena'lis,
Cap'snla rena'lis seu snprarena'lis seu atrahilia'-
ris, Iie?t snccentnria'ins, JVrphrii/'inm, (F.) Cap-
sule surr^nale ou atrabiliairc. A flat triangular
body, which covers the upper part of the kidney,
as with a helmet. A hollow cavity in the interior
contains a brown, reddish or yellowish fluid. The
renal capsules were long supposed to be the secre-
tory organs of the fancied atrabilis. They are
much larger in the foetus than in the adult.
They are probably concerned in lymphosis.
A sinjfular condition of cachexia, the leading
characteristics of which are anaemia, general lan-
guor and debility; remarkable feebleness of the
heart's action ; irritability of the stomach, and a
peculiar bronzed skin, was first described by Dr.
Thos. Addison, of London, as connected with a
diseased condition of the supra-renal capsules.
It has been proposed to call it the Disease of Ad-
dison. (F.) Mahulie d' Addison.
Capsule, Sem'inal, Cap'snla semina'lis. Bar-
Tholine thus designates the extremity of the vas
deferens, which is sensibly dilated in the vicinity
of the vesiculpB seminales. Some anatomists ap-
ply this name to the vesiculae themselves.
Capsule, Svno'vial, Capsula Synovia'lis. A
membranous bag, surrounding the movable art!-
culations and canals, which gives j)assage to ten-
dons. Synovial capsules exhale, from their arti-
cular surface, a fluivl, whose function is to favour
the motions of parts upon each other. See Bursa
mucos.a, and Synovia, ^
CAPSULE SURRENALE ou ATRADI.
LIARE, Capsule, renal.
CAPSULITIS, see Phacitis.
CAP UC HON, Trapezius.
CAPUCINE, Tropasolum majus.
CAPULIES, Prunus capulin.
CAPULUS, Scrotum.
CAPUT, ' the head.' Also, the top of a bone
or other part, (F.) Tete.^ The head of smnll
bones is sometimes termed capil'nlum,capilell'iim,
cephalid'inm, ceph'alis, ce2)hal'ium. Also, iLe
glans penis.
Caput Asper^ ArterIjE, Larynx — c. Coli,
Cajcum — c. Gallrnaceum, see Gallinaginis eiiput
— c. Gallinaginis, see Gallinaginis ca])ut — c. Go-
nitale, Glans — c. Lubricum, Penis — c. Major, see
Epididymis — c. Minor, see Epididymis — c. Md-
nachi, Leontodon Taraxacum — c. Obstipum, Tor-
ticollis— c. Penis, Glans.
Caput Pur'gia, Cajiitijnir'gia. Remedies,
which the ancients regarded as proper for purg-
ing the head : — errhines, sternutatories, apophliij.
matisantia, &c. Prosper Alpinus makes tlie caput
pnrgia to be the same as errhines ; and the tijjn.
j)hlegniatisnii the same as the masticatorios of
the moderns.
Caput Scapulae, Acromion.
Caput Succeda'neum. A term sometimes used
for the tumefied scalp, which first presents in
certain cases of labour.
Caput Testis, Epididymis.
CAQUE-SANGUE, Cague-sangne. OldFrench
words which signify Bloody evacuations, (F.) De-
jections sanguinolentes. They come from cocare,
' to go to stool,' and sanguis, ' blood.' Under
this term yras comprehended every affection in
which blood is discbarged from the bowels.
CARA SCHULLI, Frutex In'dicvs spino'sm,
Barle'ria buxifo'lia. A Malabar plant, which,
when applied externally, is maturative and resol-
vent. The decoction of its root is used, in the
country, in ischuria.
CARABAC'CIUM. An aromatic wood of In-
dia, of a yellowish colour, and a smell like that
of the clove. Its decoction and infusion are
given as stomachics and antiscorbutics.
CAR'ABUS. A genus of coleopterous insects.
Two species, the cJirysoceph'alus und ferniyin'eva
have been recommended for the toothach. They
must be pressed between the fingers, and then
rubbed on the gum and tooth afi'ected.
CARACTERE, Character, Symbol.
CARAGNA, Caranna.
CARAMATA, Arumari. A tree in the inland
part.s of Pomeroon. It furnishes a febrifuge bark,
which Dr. Hancock says may be used in typhoid
and remittent fevers where cinchona is either
useless or pernicious.
CARAMBOLO, Averrhoa carambola.
CARAMEL, Sac'clinrum percoc'tum seu ton-
turn. Sugar subjected to the action of heat, until
it is partly decomposed, deliquescent, of a brown
colour, and a strong, agreeable and empyreumatic
odour.
CARAN'NA, Carngna, Tacamaha'ca, Carngm,
Caran'na Gummi, G. Brel'isis, Gum Carnn'un,
(F.) Caragne, Gomme Caragne ou Carane. A
gum-resinous substance, which flows from a large
tree in New Spain, and is ol)tained from South
America in impure masses. It preserves its soft-
ness for a long time, has an aromatic smell, and
a slightly acid and bitter taste. It was formerly
used as a vulnerary and in plasters.
CARAWAY
1C7
CARCINOMA
CARAWAY, Carum.
CARAWAY SEE OS, see Carum.
CAKItASA, Lintouin. i
CARBA8US, Lintcutn. \\
CARB<>, ('nrhoii, (F.) Carhone. An elemen-
tary I'o'lyi extensively distributed in nature; but
of whieli the two following forms are officinal in
the Pliartnacopceia of the United States. Also,
a coal, charcoal.
Caubo Lioni, Charcoal (F.) Chnrhon. Fresh
Charcoal is antiseptic. It is used to improve the
digestive organs in cases of worms, dyspepsia,
Ac ; as a cataplasm to gangrenous and fetid
ulcers, tinea, Ac, and forms a good tooth-powder.
Dose, gr. X to fjj. Also, Anthrax.
Cakdo Anima'lis, V. cfimis, Am'mnl chnrconl,
(F.) ClKirhon (inimiil, usually prepared by sub-
jecting bones to a red heat in close vessels. The
result is Bone bluck, commonly called Ivory blnch.
(F.) Noir animul ou d'os. It is given in the
same eases as Varbo Lifjui, an<l has been extolled
in cancer. Dose, gr. ss to gr. iij. ]
The Pharmacopoeia of the United States con- I
tains a formula for the preparation of Cakbo
Anima'i.is Purifica'tus, I'lirified animal char-
coal (Carbon, animal, tbj ; Acid muriat., Aqucp, j
ail f,^xij). Pour the muriatic acid, previously
mixed with the water, gradually upon the char-
coal, and digest with a gentle heat for two days,
occasionally stirring the mixture. Having al-
lowed the undissolved portion to subside, pour
ofl' the supernatant litjuor, wash the charcoal fre-
quently with water until it is entirely free from
acid, and lastly dry it.
Caubo Fos'sins, Lithnnthrax, Stone conl.
Caubo Huma'num. The human excrement. —
Paracelsus.
Cahbo Ligsi, Carbo — c. Mineralis, Graphites
— e. I'alpebrarum, Authracosis — c. Spongias,
Spongia usta.
C.\RRON, Carbo — c. Sesqui-iodide of, Carbonis
8es((ui-iodidum — c. Bisulphuret of, Carbonis sul-
plniretum — c. Sesquichloride of, Carbonis trichlo-
ridum — c. Sulphide of, Carbonis sulphuretum — c.
Sulphuret of, Carbonis sulphuretum— c. Terchlo-
ride of, Carbonis trichloridum, see Chloroform.
CAR'BONAS or CARBO'NAS. A carbonate.
(F.) Carbonate. A salt, formed by the combina-
tion of carbonic acid with a salifiable base.
Cahbonas Natricum, Sodae carbonas — c. Plum-
bicus, Plumbi subcarbonas.
CARBONATE D'AMMONIAQUE, Ammo-
nia! carbonas.
CAR'BONATED, Carbona'tus, Aera'tux, (P.)
Carhone, Aeri. That which is impregnated with
carbonic acid.
CAUBONE, Ciirbon — c. Trichlorure de, Car-
bonis trichloridum.
CA H n 0 XK, Carbonated.
CAHBONEIJM CJILORATUM, Chloroform.
CARBON'IC ACID, Ac"idum Carbon' icum,
Solid Air of Ifales, Factitioun or Fixed Air,
Carbona' ceouK or Calca'reoim or Aerial or ilephit'-
ic Acid, Mephit'ie Air, Spir'itn» letha'lin, (F.)
Avide Carbonique. This gas, which neither sup-
ports respiration nor combustion, is not often
used in medicine. It is the main agent in effer-
vescent draughts, fermenting poultices, Ac. It
is often found occupying the lower parts of mines
— when it is called the choke damp — caverns,
tombs, wells, brewers' vats, Ac, and not unfre-
quently has been the cause of death. Lime
thrown into such places soon absorbs the acid.
CARBON'IS SESQUICHLORIDUM, Carbonis
trichloridum.
CARBO'NIS SESQUI-IOD'IDUM, C. Sesqni-
lodiire'tum. Sesqiii-J'odide or SeKqiii-Iod'itret of
Carbon. This is made by mixing concentrated
alcoholic solutions of iodine and potassa, until
the former loses its colour ; a solution is obtained
from which water throws down a yellow precipi-
tate— the sesqui-iodide of carbon. It has been
used in enlarged glands and in some cutaneous
affections, apiilied externally, (,^S3 to ^vj of
cerate). See Iodoform.
Carbo'.N'IS Sulphure'tum, Sidph'tirin Carbn-
re'tvm, Sulphure'tum, seu Sul'Jidum Carbo' nii,
Carbo'niiim Snlphura'tum, Al'cohol Siil'phtiris,
Bisntphnre'tum Carbo'nii, Sulphnret, Sulphide or
JilHidphnret of Carbon, Carburet of Sulphur, (Y.)
Su/fure de Carbon e,Carbure de Soufre,Soufre Car-
bnre, Alcool de Sotifre. This transparent, colour-
less fluid, which has a very penetrating, disa-
greeable odour, and a taste which is cooling at
first, but afterwards acrid and somewhat aroma-
tic, is a diffusible excitant. It is diaphoretic,
diuretic, and has been said to have proved em-
menagogue. It is also used in nervous diseases
as an antispasmodic. Dose, one drop to four,
repeated frequently.
It is used externally, where a cooling influence
has to be rapidlj' exerted, and has been inhaled
as an anaesthetic.
Carbo'nis Tiuchlo'ridum, C. Sesqni-chlo'ri-
dum, Terehloride or Sexquicldnride of Carbon,
i (F.) Trirhlorure ou Sesquichlorurede Carhone, is
formed by the action of Chlorine on Chlorohy-
dric ether, under the influence of sun-light. It has
been given in cholera, and applied to correct the
fetor of foul ulcers. Dose, four grains or more.
I CARBONIUM SULPIIURATUM, Carbonis
sulphuretum.
CARBUNCLE, Anthrax.
I Carbuncle, Fungous, Terminthus.
Carbuncle of the Tongue, Glossanthrax — c.
Berry, Terminthus.
CARBUNCLED FACE, Outta rosea.
CARBUNCIILAR EXANTIIEM. Anthracia.
CARBUNCULATIO OCULI, Blepharanthra-
cosis.
CARBUNCULUS, Anthrax — c. Anginosus,
Cyn.anche maligna — c. Contagiosus, see Anthra.x
— c. Gallicus, see Anthrax — c. llungaricus. see
Anthrax — c. Labiorum et genarum, Cancer aqua-
ticus — c. Polonieus, see Anthrax — c. Pulmonum,
Nccropneumonia — c. Septentrionalis, see Anthrax.
Carbun'culus Ri'Bi'nus. a red, shining, and
transparent stone, from the Isle of Ceylon ; for-
merly emploj'ed in medicine as a preservative
against several poisons, the plague, Ac.
Caubunculus Ulcusculosus, Cynanche ma-
ligna.
CARBURE DE SOUFRE, Carbonis sulphu-
retum.
CAR'CAROS, from Kapxaipia, '1 resound,' '1
tremble.' A fever, in which the patient has ii
general tremor, accompanied with an unceasing
noise in the ears.
CARCINODES, Cancroid, Chancreuse.
CARCINOIDES, Cancroid.
CARCINO'MA, Karkino'nin, Canccro'ma, Can-
cro'ma, from KapKivoi, 'a crab.' Some author?
have thus called indolent tumours different from
cancer; others, incipient cancer; and others,
again, the species of cancer in which the affected
structure assumes the appearance of cerebral sub-
stance; but the majority of authors use Carcino-
ma in the same sense as Cancer.
Carcinoma Alveolare, Colloid — c. Epitheli-
odes, Epithelial Cancer — c. Fibrosum, Scirrhns
— e. Ilaimatodes, Haeraatodes fungus — c. Intesti-
norum, Enteropathia cancerosa — c. Lingua^, Glos-
socarcinoma — c. of the Liver, Hepatoscirrhus — c.
Medullare, Encephaloid — c. Melanodes, Cancer,
melanotic — c. Melanoticum, Cancer, melanotic —
c. Simplex, Scirrhus — c. Spongiosum, Encejiha-
loid, Haematodes fungus — c. Scroti, Cancer, chim-
ney-sweepers'— c. Uteri, Metrocarcinoma, Metro-
CARCINOMATOUS
168
CARDIECTASIS
Fcirrhus — c. Ventriculi, Gastroscirrhus ; see Gas-
trustenofis cardiaea et pylorica.
CARCINOMATOUS, Carciiwnmtu'sus, (F.)
Ciirciiioniiilei(.r. Kelatinf; to Carcinoma.
CAliCLMUlE MOU ET SI'ONGIEUX, En-
cephaliiiil — c. Samjlant, Encepbaloid, Useuia-
todes fundus.
CAKCINOS. Cancer.
CARCINO'SES, (G.) Karcinosen, from icap-
Kivos, 'a crab.' A family of diseases, according
to tbe classification of Fuehs; whicb embraces
tbe different forms of Cancer.
CARCINOSUS, Cancerous.
CAKCINUS. SPONGIOSUS, Encepbaloid.
CARDAMANTICA, Cardamine pratensis, Le-
jiidium Iberis.
CARDAMINDUM MAJUS, Tropaeolum
lii.ijus.
CARDAMINE FONTANA, Sisymbrium nas-
turtium— c. Nasturtium, Sisymbrium nasturtium.
Cakdami'ne pRATEN'sts, Cardami'iie, Carda-
vinu'tica, A'oBtur'tium Aquat'icum, Cur'damon,
Villi /Ins, Ibe'ris nnph'ia, Nastiir'tinm prateii'ise,
Lndiei-umttck, Ciickiio-flnwer, Common Hitter
Cress, Meadow Cress, (P.) Cresson elegant ou des
pres, Panserage sauvuje. Ord. Cruciferae. The
flowers bave been considered useful as antispas-
iiiixlics, in tbe dose of ^j- to 3'J- Tbey are pro-
bably inert.
CARDAMOM, Cardamo'mutn (F.) Cardamome.
The name of the fruit of various species of
Ainomum and Eleltaria, respecting th^ botanical
history of whicb there has been much confusion.
Cardamom, Bkngal, Amomuui maximum— c.
Cluster, Amomum cardamomum — o. Greater,
Amoinum Grana Paradisi — c. Java, Amomum
maximum — e. Lesser, Amomum cardamomum —
c. Nepal, Amomum maximum — c. Round, Amo-
mum cardaiiiomum.
CARDAMOME, Amomum cardamomum — c.
de III Vote de Mnlnhar, Amomum cardamomum.
CARDAMOMUM MAJUS, Amomum grana
paradisi — c. Minus, Amomum cardamomum — c.
I'ijjeratum, Amomum grana paradisi — c. Rotun-
dum. Amomum cardamomum — c. Wild, Fagaras-
trum Capense.
CARDA.MON, Cardamine pratensis.
CARDAMUM MAJUS, Tropaolum majus.
CARDE RE, Dipsacus sylvestris — c. Cidtive,
Dipsacus fullonum.
CARDIA, Kap6ia, 'the heart.' Stom'achus,
OriJic"inm sinis'trum seu Ingres'sns supe'rior
seu Ostium oesophnge' um veiitric'uli. The supe-
rior or oesophageal orifice of the stomach. Also,
tbe Heart.
OAR'DIAC, Cardl'aeiis, from Kapha, 'the
l)eart;' or the upper orifice of the stomach. (P.)
Curdiaqne. Relating to tbe heart, Carditic,
Car' dial, (F.) Curdinire, Carditiqiie, — or to the
Upper orifice of the stomach. A cordial.
Cardiac Ar'teriks, Cur'onnrij arteries, (F.)
Arieres ciirdinques ou coroiiaires, are two in
number. Tbey arise from tbe aorta, a little above
the free edge of the sigmoid valves, and are dis-
tributed on both surfaces of tbe heart.
Car'diaO Gas'gliov, Gan'/jfion cardi'actim,
f-ituated beneath the arch of the aorta, to the
light side of the ligament of the ductus arteriosus.
It receives the superior cardiac nerves of opposite
sides of tbe neck, and a branch from the pneu-
iiiogastric, and gives off numerous branches to
tbe cardiac plexuses.
Cardiac N kkvks, {¥.) Nerfs cnrdiaqneii. These
nre commonly three on each side; a superior,
middle, and inferior, which are furnished by cor-
responding cervical ganglia. Commonly, there
are but two on the left side ; the upper and mid-
dle, which draw their origin from the last two
cervical ganglia. Scarpa calls the superior —
Cardi'acus superjicia'lis ; the middle — C. prnfmi'-
dns seu inaijnus ; and the inferior — C. panni
seu minor. There are, besides, Ciirdiuc Jil'dments,
(F.) Filets carditiques, furnished by the par va-
gum or pneumo-gastric nerve, which become
confounded with the above.
Cardiac Pluxu.s, Plexus cnrdi'aeus. There
are three cardiac plexuses. ]. The great eiirdiuc
plexus is situated ujion the bifurcation of tbe tra-
chea. It is formed by the convergence of
the middle and inferior cardiac nerves; and by
branches from the pneumogastric, descendens
noni. and first thoracic ganglion. 2. Tbe anterior
cardiac plexus is situated in front of the ascend-
ing aorta near its origin. It is formed by fila-
ments from tbe superior cardiac nerves; from
the cardiac ganglion ; and from the great cardiac
plexus. Filaments from this plexus ac-conipany
tbe left coronary artery, and form the anterior
coronary plexus. 3. Thii jx'sterior cardiac plexus
is seated upon the posterior part of the ascending
aorta near its origin. It is formed by numerous
branches from the great cardiac plexus. It
divides into two sets of branches, which together
constitute the posterior coronary plexus.
Cardiac Veins, Coronary Veins, (¥.) Veiiiet
Curdiaqnes, are commonly four in number; two
anterior and two posterior. They open into the
right auricle by one orifice, which is furnished
with a valve, iind is called, by Portal, Sinus corn-
naire du Coeur.
CARDIAC A CRISPA, Leonurus cardiaea —
c. Passio, Cardialgia — c. Trilobata, Leonurus
cardiaea — c. Vulgaris, Leonurus cardiaea.
CARDIACUS, Cordial, Stomachal.
CARDIAGMUS, Cardialgia.
CARDI'AGRA, Affec'tio arthrit'ica cordis;
from Kiipiia, 'the heart,' and uypa, 'seizure'
Gout of tbe heart, Cardialgia.
CARDIAG'RAPHY, Cardiagra'phia, from
KapSta, ' the heart,' and ypaifiri, 'a description.'
An anatomical description of the heart.
CARDIAIRE, sasi Cardiac.
CARDIAL, see Cardiac.
CARDIAL'GIA, Cardi'aca Passio, Cd'icix
Vcntric'uli, Spasmus Ventric'uli, Perodijii'ia,
Cordo'lium, Cardi/ce'a, Dyspepsodyn'ia, Dynpep-
siodyn'ia, Dyspeptodyn'ia, Periitodyn'ia, Cur-
dlod'yne, Gastrodyn'ia, Gastral'i/ia, Gasternl'gia,
Gastrocol'in, Gastrod'yiie, Pas'sio Cardi'ucu,
Stomachal' gia, Stomacal'gia, Cardi'aeus Morbus,
Cardiog'muH, Cardial' gy ; from <fap(5ia, ' the car-
diac orifice of the stomach,' and uXyoj, 'pain.'
Pain of the stomach, (F.) Doulcur de I' Estomac,
D. nevralgiqiie de V Estomac. Also, Heartburn,
(F.) Cardialgie, Ardeur d' Estomac, A. du Cicur,
Impaired appetite, with gnawing or burning pain
in the stomach or epigastrium, — Morsus seu urdnr
ventric'uli, Morsus stom'achi, Soda, Limo'sis cnr-
dial'gia mordens, llosio Stom'achi SOU Ventric'-
uli : — a symptom of dyspepsia.
Cardialgia Ixflammatoria, Gastritis — c.
Sputatoria, Pyrosis.
CARDIALOC'IA, from xapfna, 'the heart,'
and \oyoi, 'a discourse.' A treatise on the heart.
CARDIANASTROPIIE, Ectopia cordis.
CARDIARCTIE, Heart, concentric hypertro-
phy of tbe. Contraction of tbe cavities of the
heart.
CARDIA'RIUS; same etymology. A name
given to a worm, said to have been found in the
heart or pericardium.
CARDIATO.M'IA, from /cnp^m, 'the heart/
and Tc/ivctv, ' to cut.' Dissection of the heart.
CARDIATROPHIA, Heart, atrophy of the.
CARDIAUXE, Heart, hypertrophy of the.
CARDIECTASIS, Dilatation of the heart, fee
Aneurism of tbe heart — o. Partialis, Aneurism
of the heart.
CARDIELCOSIS
1 0 9
CARIES
CARDIELCOSIS; from KopSia, 'the heart,'
an<l '{Aicos. ' 111) ulcer.' Ulceration of the heart.
CAHDrKTIIMOLIPOSIS, Steatosis cordis.
CAKDIHriiYSMA, Aneurism of the heart.
CARIXL.E \, Canlial-ia.
CAHDIM'KLECII, from xapSia, 'the heart,'
and ^7D. Jfclih-, (llehr.,) 'a governor.' A sup-
jjosititious aetive principle seated in the heart,
and •rovcrning the vital functions. — Dolseus.
CAKDIXAE FLOWER, Lobelia cardinalis —
C. f. ISluc, Lobelia syphilitica.
CAKDIXAL PLANT. Lobelia cardinalis.
CA KDl.V AMENTUM, Ginj,'lyinus,Gomphosis.
CARDIOBOTANUM, Ccntaurea bencdicta.
CARDIOCE'LE, from KupSia, 'the heart,' and
(cl)^l^, ' rupture.' Hernia of the heart, especially
into the abdotninal cavity.
CAIiDIOCLASlE, Cardiorrhexis.
CARDIOD'YNE, Ctircliodi/n'ia ; trom KapSta,
'the hciirf, the stomach.' and oivvn, 'pain.' Pain
ill the heart. Also, Cardialgia.
Caudioovne Si'ASMODiCA Intermittens, An-
gina pectoris.
CARUIO(;'MUS. Hippocrates employed this
word Kap6t(jjyfioi, synonymously with cardialf^ia.
Ill the tune of (Jalen it was used, by some writers,
fir certain pulsations of the heart, analogous to
palpitations. Sauvaj^'cs understood by C<irdiog-
IIIII1 an aneurism of the heart or great vessels,
when still obscure. Also, Angina pectoris.
CAUiiiofiMiTs Counis SiNisTRi, Angina pectoris.
CAKDIO.MALA'CIA, Malaco'xh seu Malacia
filVi MtihtJc'iH sou M<dlit"icH Cordin, (F.) Jiamol-
llnneineiit dii Cieiir, from Kaf/iia, 'the heart,' and
/juXaicia, ' softness.' Softening of the heart, caused
by inflammation of the organ, or a consequence
of some lesion of the function of nutrition.
CARDIOM'KTRY, Cnnh'oinet'nn, from KupSia,
'heiirl,' and ixctjiov, 'measure.' Measurement of
the heart, as by percussion and auscultation.
CARDIOMYOLIPOSIS. Steatosis cordis.
CARDIONCIir, sec Aneurism.
CARDIONEURALGIA, Angina pectoris.
CARUION'OSUS, Moihnu cordis, from KupSia,
' heart,' and voeroj, ' disease.' Disease of the heart.
Heart disease.
CARDIOPALMUS, Cardiotromus.
CARDIOPERTCARDITIS, see Pericarditis.
CARDIORRHEU'MA, Uhfumntin'mus cordis;
from Kai'^ui, 'the heart, and piv/ia, ' defluxion,
rheumatism.' Rheumatism of the heart.
CARDIORRIIb;X'IS, C«rdioc/asie, (Piorry.)
lliiptn' la cordis, (F.) Jinptiire du Coevr, from
Kii/)f'in, 'the heart,' and pn^iS, 'laceration.' Lace-
ration of the heart.
CAUDIOSCLEROSIR, (Piorry), from Kapha,
'the heart,' and axXripof, 'hard.' (F.) Eiidurcisse-
vieiil dii l\pin-. Induration of the heart.
CARDIOSTENO'SIS, Stcnocar'din, irom Kap-
ha, 'the heart, and arcvuiati, 'contraction.' Con-
traction of the openings of the heart.
CARDIOTRAU'MA, from Kapha, 'the heart,'
and Tfjavjtn, ' a wound.' A wound of the heart.
CARDIOT'ROMUS, Palpila'Ho Cordis trep'.
iditiis, Uardiopal'iiuis, Trcpidit'tio Cordis, from
Knphii, ' the heart,' and rpo/ioi, ' tremor.' Rapid
and feeble palpitation or fluttering of the heart.
CARDIOT'ROTUS, from Kapha, 'the heart,'
and TiTpmaKM. 'I wound.' One afifected with a
wound of the heart. — (Jalen.
CARDIPKRICAROITIS, see Pericarditis.
CMtDITIC. Carditis.
CARDITIC, Cardiac. Also, relating or be-
longing to carditis.
CARDI'TIS, from vapi^in, 'the heart, and the
termination ilia. Inflammation of the fleshy
substance of the heart. Empres'ma Curdi'tis,
hilhiinmii'tio Cordis, I. Cnrdi'tis. Coitma Cardi'-
lis, Myocardi'tis, Curdi'tia Jltiscula'ria, (F.) In-
flammation dn Cceur, Cardite. The symptoms
of this affection are by no means clear. They
are often confounded with those of pericarditis,
or inflammation of the membrane investing the
heart. Carditis, indeed, with many, includes
both the inflammation of the external investing
membrane and that of the interior of the heart.
See Pericarditis, and Endocarditis.
Carditis Externa, Pericarditis — c. Interna,
Endocarditis — c. Muscularis, Carditis — e. Mem-
branosa. Pericarditis — c. Polyposa, Polypi of the
heart^e. Serosa, Pericarditis.
CARDO, Ginglvmus.
CARDOPATIUM. Carlina acaulis.
CARDOPERICARDITI.-^, see Pericarditis.
CARDUUS ALTILIS, Cynara scolymus — c.
Benedictus, Ccntaurea benclicta — c. Brazilianus,
Bromelia ananas — c. Domestieus capite uiajori,
Cynara scolymus — c. llemorrhoidalis, Cirsium
arvense.
Cau'duits Maria'nus, C. Ma'rim seu lac'teua,
Sil'ijlium, S. Murin'ntim seu maculn'tiim, Citr'tha-
viHS mrtcula'tus, Cir'sinm mficidn'tum. Spina albn.
Common Milk Thistle, Ludics' Thistle, (F.)
Chiirdon-Marie. Oni. Compositae. The herb is
a bitter tonic. The seeds are oleaginous. It is
not used.
CARDirus PiNEiTS, Atractylis gummifera — c.
Sativus, Carthamus tinctorius — c. Sativus non-
spinosus, Cynara scolymus — c. Solstitialis, Cen-
taurea calcitrapa — c. Sfellatus, Ccntaurea calci-
trapa — c. Tomentosus, Onopordium acanthium —
c. Veneris, Dipsacns fuUonutn.
CAREBARESIS. Carel)aria.
CAREBA'RIA or CAREBART'A, Carchnre'-
sis, from Kapri, 'the head,' and fiapo;, 'weight.'
Scordine'mn, Cerebri' ria, Scordinis'inus, Cordine'-
ma. Heaviness of the head. — Hippocrates, Galen.
CARE'NA, Knre'nii. The twenty-fourth part
of a drop. — Ruland and Johnson.
CARE-TAKER, Nurse.
CAREUM, Carum.
CAREX ARENARIA, Sarsaparilla Gcrmanica,
CARIACOU. A beverage, used in Cayenne,
and formed of a mixture of cassava, potato, and
sugar, fermented.
CAR'ICA, from Cnrin, where the fig was culti-
vated. See Ficus carica.
Car'ica Papa'va, Papaw tree, Pawpaw, (F.)
Pnpai/er. Ord. Cucurbitaceae. A native of
America, India, and Africa. The fruit has
somewhat of the flavour of the pumpkin, and
is eaten like it. The milky juice of the plant
and the seed and root have been regarded as
anthelmintic.
The papaw, of North America, belongs to the
order Anonacese, (Ano'nn seu Asi'mina seu Por-
cel'ia seu Uva'ria tri'Ioha, Ficus In'dica, Orchi-
docnr'piim nrieti'num,) Custard Apple Family.
CAR'ICUM. Said to have been named after
its inventor Carious. Car'ycnm. A detergent
application to ulcers; composed of black helle-
bore, sandarach, copper, lead, sulphur, orpiment,
cantharides, and oil of cedar. — Hippocrates.
CAHIE. Caries — c. des Denis, Dental gangrene.
OAR IK. Carious.
CA'RIES, Ni(p-it"ies Os'sinm. An nlcerniion
of hone, Osteohelco'sis, — Nei-rosis being death of a
bone. It resembles the gangrene of soft parts.
Hence it has been termed Caries f/an</ra;iio'sa,
Gani/rte'na Cn'riesseu Os'sinin, Tere'do, Arro'sio,
Euros, (F.) Carie. It is recognised by the swell-
ing of the bone which precedes and accompanies
it; by the abscesses it occasions; the fistulte
which form ; the sanious character, peculiar odour
and quantity of the suppuration, and by the evi-
dence aff"orded by probing. The most common
causes of caries are blows, the action of some
virus, and morbid diatheses. When dependent on
CARIEUX
170
CAROTA
any virus in the system, this must be combated
by appropriate remedies. When entirely local, it
must be convertecl, where practicable, into a state
of necrosis or dcatb of the affected part. For
this end, stimulants, the actual cautery, Ac, are
applied.
Caiues, Dentiux, Dental ;;angrene— c. Puden-
dorum, see Chancre— c. of the Vertebrae, Verte-
bral disease— c. Vertebrarum, Vertebral disease.
CARIEUX, Carious.
CARIM CURINI, Justitia ecbolium.
CAR['NA, 'a ship's keel.' The vertebral co-
lumn, especially of the foetus. Also, the breast-
bone bent inwards. Hence, Pectus carina'tum :
— the chest ali'ected with such deformity.
CA'RIOUS, CanWsns, Earo'des, (F.) Oarie,
Carieux. Affected with caries.
CARIUM TERR^E, Calx.
CARIVE, Myrtus piinenta.
CARIVILLANDI, Sinilax sarsaparilla.
CAKLINA, 'Carline Thistle.'
Caiiu'na Acaul'is, C. chrmiat'leoi), Chnnim'-
leon album, Cardnpn'tium, (F.) Carline. sons tige.
Ord. Compnsitae, which grows in the Pyrenees,
and on the mountains of Switzerland, Italy, <fcc.,
has been recommended as a tonic, emmenagogue,
and sudorific.
Caulixa Cham/Eleon, C. acaulis.
CARLfXE sans; TIGE, Cariina acaulis.
CARLISLE SPRINGS. These are about five
miles from the town of Carlisle, in Pennsylvania.
The water is mildly sulphureous.
CARLO SANCTO RADIX. 'St. Charles's
Root :' found in Mechoachan in America. The
bark is aromatic, bitter and acrid. It is con-
sidered to be sudorific, and to strengthen the
gums and stomach.
CARLSBAD, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Carlsbad is a town in Bohemia, 24 miles from
Egra, celebrated for its hot baths. The water
contains about 47 parts in the 100 of purging
salts. It is a thermal saline; temperature 121°
to 1()7° Fahrenheit. The constituents are — car-
bonic aci<l, sulphate of soda, carbonate of soda,
and chloride of sodium.
CARMANTIXE, Justitia pectoralis — c. Pecto-
ralc. Justitia pectoralis.
CARMEN, 'averse.' An amulet. A charm,
which, of old, often consisted of a verse. See
Charm.
CARMINANTIA, Carminatives.
CARMINATIVA. Carminatives.
CARMIN'ATIVES, Carminan'tia seu Cnrmi-
nati'i-d. from carmen, 'a verse,' or 'charm,' An-
tiphys'ica, Phi/sacfo'gn, Xnn'tica, Antiphyset'ics,
(F.) Carminntifs. Remedies which allay pain,
'like a charm,' by causing the expulsion of
flatus from the alimentary cnnal. They are gene-
rally of the class of aromaties.
The Four Gheateh Carminative Hot Seeds,
Qiiat'uor sem'ina cul'ida majo'ra carminati'va,
were, of old, anise, earui, cuniTuin, and fennel.
The Four Lesser Carminative Hot Seeds,
Quot'uor sem'ina cal'ida mino'ra, were bishop's
weed, stone parsley, smallage, and wild carrot.
CARMO T. A name given, by thfe alchymists,
to the matter which they believed to constitute
the Philosopher's stone.
CARNABADIA, Carum. (seed.)
CARNABADIUM. Cuminum cyminum.
CARNATIO, Syssarcosis.
CARNATION. Dianthus caryophyllus.
CARNELIAN, Cornelian.
CARNR0LU3, Cornelian.
CAR'NEOUS, Car)io'sus, Sarco'des, Incarna'-
fj(s, from cam, carnis, 'flesh,' (F.) Cliarnu.
Consisting of flesh, or resembling flesh.
Carneous Columns, Fleshy Culumus, Colum'-
nce Carnem, of the heart, (F.) Colonnes cliarnrien,
are muscular projections, situate in the cavities
of the heart. They are called, also, Jlus'cidi
Papilla'res.
Caunkous Fibres, Fleshy Fibres, Mns'cidar
Fibres, (F.) Fibres charnnes ou musculaireu, are
fibres belonging to a muscle.
CARNEUM MARSUPIUM, Ischio-trochan-
terianus.
CARNIC'ULA. Diminutive of caro, carnis,
'flesh.' The gum. — Fallopius.
CARNIFICA'TIO, Carnification — c. Pulmo-
nura, Hepatisation of the lungs.
CARNIFICA'TION, Camifica'tin, from earn,
carnis, ' flesh,' and fieri, ' to become.' Trann.
formation into fiesh. A morbid state of certain
organs, in which the tissue acquires a consistence
like that of fleshy or muscular parts. It is .some-
times observed in hard parts, the texture he-
coming softened, as in Osteo-sarcoma. When it
occurs in the lungs, they present a texture like that
of liver. Such is the condition of the fcetal lunf;.
CARNIFOR'MIS ABSCESS'US. An ahseess,
which ordinarily occurs in the neighborhood of
the articulations, and whose orifice is hard, the
sides thick and callous. — ^M. A. Severinus.
CARNIVOROUS, Camiv'orus, Sarcoph'n.
gus, Greatoph'agus, Creoph'ogus, Zooph'iitjDwt,
Creatoph'agons, Creoph'agotis, Kreatoph' agmm,
(F.j Carnivore ; from caro, carnis, 'flesh,' and
voro, ' I eat.' That which eats flesh. Any sub-
stance which destroys excrescences in wounds,
ulcers, <fcc.
CARNOSA CUTIS, Panniculus carnosus.
C A R N 0 S ' I T A S, (F.) Oamosite, from caro,
carnis, ' flesh.' A fleshy excrescence.
CARNOS'ITIES OF THE URE'THRA, Car',
uncles in the Ure'thra, (F.) Carnosites ou Caron-
cides de I'uretre. Small fleshy excrescences or
fungous growths, which were, at one time, pre-
sumed to exist in the male urethra, whenever
retention of urine followed gonorrhoea.
M. Cullerier uses the term Carnosite veneriemie
for a cutaneous, cellular, and membranous tu-
mour, dependent upon the syphilitic virus. See,
also, Polysarcia.
CARNOSUS, Carneous.
CARO, Flesh — c. Accessoria, see Flexor longus
digitorum pedis profundus perforans, (aecesso-
rius) — c. Excrescens, Excrescence — e. Fungosa,
Fungosity — c. Glandulosa, Epiglottic gland — c.
Luxurians, Fungosity — c. Orbicularis, Placenta —
c. Parenchymatica, Parenchyma — c. Quadrata,
Palmaris brevis — c. Quadratus Sylvii, see Flexor
longus digitorum pedis profundus perforans, (ac-
cessorius)— c. Viscerum, Parenchyma.
CAROB TREE, Ceratonia siliqua.
CAROBA ALNABATI, Ceratonium siliqua.
CARODES, Carotic.
CAROLI, see Chancre.
CAROLI'NA, NORTH, MINERAL WATERS
OF. In the counties of Warren, Montgomery,
Rockingham, Lincoln, Buncomb, and Rowan,
there are mineral springs. They belong gene-
rally to the sulphureous or acidulous saline.
CAROLINA, SOUTH, MINERAL WATERS
OF. They are numerous. Pacolet Springs, on
the west bank of Pacolet River, contain sulphur
and iron. Many, with similar properties, but not
held in estimation, are scattered about the State.
CARONCULE, Caruncle — c. Lachrymals, Ca-
runcle.
CARONCULES MYRTTFORMES, Carun-
culae myrtiformes — c. de I' Urltre, Carnosities of
the urethra.
GARONCULEUX, Carunculous.
CARO PI, Amomum cardamomum.
CAROSIS, Somnolency.
CAROTA, see Daucus carota.
CAROTIC
171
CARREAU
CAROT'IC, Carot'iciiH, Carot'id, Carol' idun,
Cunidtlce'rii, C'lro'den, Cum' atone, from Kapos,
'.stupor,' (F.) Carotifjiie. Relating to stupor or
ciiniH—na a carotic gtate; — or to the carotids, (F.J
Cdi'otldieii.
Carotic Arteries, Carotids — c. Ganglion,
Bee Carotid Nerve — c. Nerve, Carotid Nerve — o.
Ple.xus, see Carotid Nerve.
CAROTIC A, Narcoties.
CAROTICUS, Carotic.
CAROTID, Carotic.
CAROTID/EUS, Carotic.
CAItOTIDlEX, Carotic.
CAROTMDS, Cn rot' ides, Carot'iccB, CnrotidecB,
C'ij)ita'le8,Jii<jnl(i'reH, Sopora'les, Sopora'ricB, So-
purif'ercB, Soiniii/'era;, Api-plec'ticcB, Lethnr'yicm
(Arte'ria;), Carot'id Ar'terien, Cephalic Arteries,
(V.) Arteres Carotidis ; from /cupoj, ' stupor,' [?].
The great arteries of the neck, which carry blood
to the head. They are divided into, 1. Primitire
or common ; the left of which arises from the
aorta, and the right from a trunk, common to it
and the subclavian. 2. Fxterual or periccphal'ic,
branch of the primitive, which extends from the
last to the neck of the condyle of the lower jaw;
and, 3. Internal, Arte'ria cercbra'lia vel ence-
phol'icn, another branch of the primitive, which,
arising at the same place as the external, enters
tlie cranium, and terminates on a level with the
fissure of Sylvius, dividing into several branches.
Carotid or Carotic Canal, Cana'lis Carot'icus,
Canal injleue de I'os temporal — (Ch.), Canal caro-
tidlen, is a canal in the temporal bone, through
which the carotid artery and several nervous
filninents pass.
Carotid or Carotic Foram'ina, Foram'ina Ca-
rot'ica, (F.) TroHs carotidiens, are distinguished
into internal and exteriud. They are the foram-
ina at each extremity of the Canalis Carotieus.
Carotid Ganglion, see Carotid nerve.
Carotid Nerve, Carot.'ic nerve, Nervns carot'-
icus. A branch from the superior cervical gan-
glion of the great sympathetic, which ascends bj'
the side of the internal carotid. It divides into
two jjortions, which enter the carotid canal, and,
by their communication with each other and the
petrosal branch of the vidian, form the carotid
2}lej:its. They also frequently form a small gan-
gliforin swelling on the under part of the artery
— the carotic or carotid or cavernous yanylion,
gantjlion of Laumonier.
Carotid PneJcus, see Carotid nerve.
CAROTTE, Daucus en rota.
CAROUA, Carum (seed).
CAIiOUIilER, Ceratonium siliqua.
CAllOUGE, see Ceratonium siliqua.
CARPAL, Carpa'lis ; from Kuprvoi, 'the wrist.'
Belonging or relating to the carpus or wrist.
CARPASA. Carb.asa.
CARPA'SIUM, Car'pasum, and Carpe'sinm.
Dioscorides, Pliny, Galen, &c., have given these
names, and that of Carpasos, to a plant, which
cannot now be determined, and whose juice, called
Opocar'pason, oiroKupirnauv, passed for a violent,
narcotic poison, and was confounded with myrrh.
CARPATIIICUM, see Pinus cembra.
CMtPE, Carpus.
CARPENTARIA, Achillea millefolium.
CARPENTER'S LEAF, Galax aphylla
CARPESIUM, Carpasium.
CARPHO'DES, Carphoi'des, from Kap<t,os, 'floc-
culus' and £1^05, 'resemblance.' Flocculent,
stringy; — as mucus carphodes, flocculent • or
striiigv mucus.
CARPIIOLOG'TA, Tllmus, CnrpoJog"in, Cro-
eidis'mus, Croci/dis'mus, Flocco'rum vena'tio, F/oc-
cile'(/iuni, Tricli'doi/'ia, Crocidij-'is, Floccila'tion,
Floccita'tion, from Kupipoi, 'floc'culus,' and Xeyd),
'I collect,' or 'pluck,' (F.) Carphologie. Action
of gathering flocculi. A delirious picking of the
bed-clothes, as if to seek some substance, or to
pull the flocculi from them. It denotes great
cerebral irritability and debility, and is an un-
favourable sign in fevers, .to.
CARPllOS, Trigonella fwnum,
CARPIA, Lintoum.
CARPItEUS, Palmaris brevis.
CAR'PIAL, Car'pian, Carpia'nns, Carpia'lis,
(F.) Carpien. Belonging to the Carpus.
Car'pialLig'aments, (F.) Ligaments Carpiens,
are, 1. The fibrous fascite, which unite the bones
of the carpus ; and, 2. The annular ligaments,
anterior and posterior.
CARPIAN, Cari)ial.
CAHI'IEN, Cari)ial.
CARPISMUS, Carpus
C A R P 0 B A L S A M U M, see Amyris opobal •
samura.
CARPOLOGIA, Carphologia — c. Spasmodiea,
Subsultus tendinum.
CARPO-METACARPEUS MINIMI DIGITI,
Adductor metacarpi minimi digiti — c. Mi'turar-
pien du petit doigt, Opponens minimi digiti —
c. Metacarpien du jjouce, Opponens pollicis — c.
Phalangeus minimi digiti. Abductor minimi digiti
-- c. Phalangien du ]>ctit doigt, Abductor minimi
digiti. Flexor parvus minimi digiti — c. Phal<in</ifii
du pouce, Flexor brevis pollicis manus — c. Sus-
phalangien du pouce, Abductor pollicis brevis.
CARPO-PEDAL, from carpus, 'the wrist,' and
pes, pedis, 'the foot.' Relating to the wrist and
foot.
Carpo-PEDAL Spasm, Cer'ehral sp,asmod' ic
croup. A spasmodic affection of the chest and
larynx in young children, accompanied by gene-
ral or partial convulsions. The disease commonly
occurs between the third and ninth month, and
is characterized by excessive dyspnoea, accompa-
nied by a loud croupy noise on inspiration ; the
thumbs being locked, and the hands and feet
rigidly bent for a longer or shorter period. The
seat of the disease is evidently in the cerebro-
spinal axis, primarily or secondarily: generally,
perhaps, it is owing to erethism seated elsewhere,
but communicated to the cerebro-spinal centre,
and reflected to the respiratory and other muscles
concerned. It seems to be connected wiih dental
irritation; and consequently, in the treatment,
where such is the case, the gums should be freely
divided ; after which, cathartics and revulsives,
with the use of narcotics and appropriate diet,
will generally remove the affection; for although
extremely alarming, it is often not attended with
great danger. See Asthma thymicum.
CARPOS, Fruit.
CARPOT'ICA, from Kapwog, 'fruit.' Diseases
affecting impregnation. Irregularity, difficulty
or danger produced by parturition : — the 3d or-
der, class Genetica, of Good.
CARPUS, Carpis'mus, Brachia'le, Rasce'ta,
Paste' ta, Rascha, Rase'ta, Raset'ta, Wrist, (Prov.)
Hand-wrist, Shackle, (F.) Carpe, Poignet. The
part between the fore-arm and hand. Eight
bones compose it (in two rows). In the superior
row there are, from without to within — the Sca-
phoidcs or navicula're, Luna're or semiluna're,
Cuneifor'me, and Orhicula're or pisi/or'me. In
the lower row — Trape'zium, Trapezoi'des, Mag-
num, and Uucifor'me.
CARRAGEEN MOSS, Fucus crispus.
CARRE, Quadratus — c. de la Cnisse, Quad-
ratus femoris — c. des Lcmhes, Quadratus lum-
borum — c. du Menton. Depressor labii inferioris
— c. du Pied, Extensor brevis digitorum pedis.
CARREAU, Tabes mesenterica.
CARRE E
172
CAIIYOCOSTINUS
CAR REE, see Flexor longus digitorum pedis I
profundus perforans (accessorius).
CARRE LET, (F.) Acna trinngida'rie. A
straight needle, two or three inches long, the
point of which is triangular ; and which the
ancients used in different operations. Also, a
wooden, triangular frame for fixing a cloth
through which different pharmaceutical prepara-
tions are passed.
CARRON OIL, Linimentum aquae calcis.
CARROT, CA.NDY, Athamanta cretensis— c.
Deadl}', Thapsia.
Cabrot Plant, Daucus cajota.
CARTIIAGEXA BARKS, see Cinchona.
CARTUAMUS MACULATUS, Carduus ma-
rianus.
Cau'thAMUS Tincto'rids, Am'yron, Ciiicus,
Crocus German'iciis seu Suracen' icun, Gar'tha-
viiim vfficina' rum, Car'duus nati'vuH, Safra'iium,
S fffron- flower, Sn (flower, SaJ/Jow, Bastard Saf-
fron, Dyer's Saffron, (F.) Carthanie, Safraii
bdtard, Carthanie cles Teinturiers. Ord. Coui-
positae. Sex. Si/st. Syngenesia Polygamia squa-
lls. The seeds are aromatic, cathartic, and diu-
retic; yet to the parroquet they are an article of
f)od; hence their name, Gruines de Parroquet.
The flowers. Gar' thamus (Ph. U. S.), are employed
as a cosmetic, and are a reputed diaphoretic. [?]
CARTHEGON, see Buxus.
CAR'TILAGB, Ghondros, Car'tila(/o, Gristle,
(Sc.) Girsle, (F.) Cartllarje. A solid part of the
animal body, of a medium consistence between
bone and ligament, which in the foetus is a sub-
stitute for bone, but in the adult exists only in
the joints, at the extremities of the ribs, Ac.
Cartilages are of a whitish colour, flexible, com-
pressible, and very elastic, and some of them
apparently inorganic. They are composed, ac-
cording to J. Davy, of .44; albumen, .55 water,
and .01 phosphate of lime.
CARTILAGE ANONYME, Cricoid, (carti-
lage)— c. Epiglottic, Epiglottis — c. Mucrone, Xi-
piioid Cartilage — c. Supra-arytenoid, Corniculum
laryngis — c. Tarsal, see Tarsus.
Cartilagks, AuTicuLAn, Obdu'cent Car'tilages,
invest bony surfaces, which are in contact; hence
they are called investing or incrusting cartilages,
(F.) Gartilages de revetement ou d'encrotitement.
Cartilages, Cuneiform, op the Larynx, see
Cuneiform.
GARTILAGES EBURNES, see Eburnifica-
tion.
Cartilagks, Interarticdlar, 3fenis'ci, are
such as are situate within the joints, as in the
knee joint.
Cartilages, Intervertebral, see Interverte-
bral.
Cartilages op Ossifica'tion are such as, in
the progress of ossification, have to form an in-
tegrant part of bones; as those of the long bones
in the new-born infant. They are termed teni-
porary ; the others being permanent. All the
cartilages, with the exception of the articular,
are surrounded by a membrane analogous to the
periosteum, called Perichon'driuni.
Cartilagks of the Ribs are. in some respects,
only prolongations of the ribs. Those of the nose,
of the meatus auditorius, and Eustachian tube,
present a similar arrangement. Other cartilages
resemble a union of fibrcjus and cartilaginous tex-
tures ; hence their name Fihro-cartilages.
Cartilages of Santorini, Corniculum La-
ryngis— c. Semilunar, see Semilunar — c. Sig-
moid, Semilunar cartilages — c. of Wrisberg,
Cuneiform Cartilages of the Larynx.
CARTILAGINES GUTTURALES, Aryte-
noid cartilages — c. Semilunares, Semilunar car-
tilages— c. Siginoideae, Semilunar cartilages.
Cartilaoinis ARYTENOiDJi;^ Capitulum, Cor-
niculum laryngis.
CARTILAG'TNOUS, Cartilariin'ens, Gartila-
giiio'sus, Ghondro'dts, Ghoudroi'des, (F.) Girti-
laijlneux. Belonging to, or resembling cartilage,
Cartilaoinous Tissue, see Tissue.
CARTILAGO, Cartilage— c. Clypealis, Thy-
roid cartilage — c. Ensiformis, Xiphoid cartilage
— c. Gutturalis, Arytenoid cartilage — c. Innoini-
nata. Cricoid — c. Mucronata, Xiphoid cartilage —
c. Peltalis, Thyroid cartilage. Xiphoid cartilage—
c. Peltatus, Thyroid cartilage — c. Scutiforiuis,
Thyroid cartilage — c. Uvifer, Uvula — c. Xiphoi-
des, Xiphoid cartilage.
CARUM, from Caria, a province of Asia.
A'pium seu Du'nium seu Ligus'ticuin seu Ses'eli
carvi seu caritm, Sium carvi, Ca'reum, Carum
car'vi, Garvi, Gumi'nunt praten'se. Gams, Gar'non,
the Car'away, (F.) Garri, Cumin des pres. Order,
Umbelliferae. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia.
The seeds. Caraway seeds, (Prov.) Carry seeds,
Carnaba'dia, Car'oua, Carum (Ph. U. S.), are
■carminative. Dose, gr. x to ^'j; swallowed whole
or bruised. The oil. Oleum Gar'u'i, (F.) Ilnile de
carvi, has the properties of the seeds. Dose, gtt.
ij to vj. Aqua Car'ui, Car'away Water, is offi-
cinal in the Pharmacopoeias of London and
Dublin.
Carum Bulbocastanum, Bunium bulbocasta-
num.
CAR'UNCLE, Garun'cula, diminutive of earo,
'flesh.' A small portion of flesh, Sar'dum, Sar-
eid'ium. A fleshy excrescence, — Ecphy'ma car-
un'ciila, (F.) Caroncule.
Caruncle, Carnositas.
Caruncles in the Urethra, Carnosities.
Carun'cula Lacryma'lis, (F.) Garoncule
lacrymale. A small, reddish, follicular body,
situate at the inner angle of the eye. It secretes
a gummy substance.
Caruncula Seminams, Gallinaginis caput.
CARUNCUL^ CUTICULARKS, Nymphse.
Carunculje Mammilla'res. The extremities
of the lactiferous tubes in the nipples. The
olfactory nerves have been so called by some.
Caruncula Myrtipor'mes, C. Vagina'les,
Glan'dulcB myrtifor'mes, (F.) Caroncnles myrti-
formes. Small, reddish tubercles, more or less
firm, of variable form, and uncertain number,
situate near the orifice of the vagina, and formed
by the mucous membrane. They are regarded
as the remains of the hymen.
CARUNcuLyE Papilla res, Papillae of the kidney.
CARUN'CULOUS, Caruneidar, (F.) Caroncu-
leux. Relating to caruncles or carnosities.
CARUON, Carum.
CAR US, K(ipos, Sopor cnro'ticus, Profound sleep.
The last degree of coma, with complete insensi-
bility, which no stimulus can remove, even for a
few instants. Sopor, Coma, Lethargia, and Ca-
ms, are four degrees of the same condition.
Carus Apoplexia, Apoplexy — c. Asi)hyxia,
Asphyxia — c. Catalepsia, Catalepsy — c. Ecstasis,
Ecstasis — c. Hydrocephalus, Hydrocephalus in-
ternus — c. ab Insolatione, Coup de soleil — c. Le-
thargus. Lethargy — c. Lethargus cataphora, Som-
nolency— c. Lethargus vigil. Coma vigil — c.
Paralysis, Paralysis — c. Paralysis paraplegia,
Paraplegia — -c. Veternus, Lethargy.
CARVI, Carum.
CARVY SEEDS, see Carum.
CARYA, Hickory, Juglans regia — c. Basilica,
Juglans regia.
CARYDION, Corylus avellana.
CARYEDON CATAGxMA, see Fracture.
CARYOCOST'INUS, Gary ocosti num. An elec-
tuary prepared of the costus and other aromatic
substances, <fec. It was cathartic. See Coufectio
scammoniae.
CARYON
173
CASSUMUNIAR
CAKYON, Juglans regia — c. Ponticon, Corylus |
avelliiiiii (nut.)
CAllVOl'lIYLLA, Goum urbnnum.
CAIIVOI'HVI.LATA AQUATICA, Geum ri-
viilo — I'. Nutiiiis, (iium riviik" — c. Urbana, Geum
urbanmii — c. Viili^aris. Gcuin urbanum.
CARVOl'lIYLLUM KU13IIUM, Dianthus ca-
ryoplivllii.".
CAHVOl'IIYLLUS AMERICANUS, see Myr-
lus piiUL'iita — <:. Aromaticus, Eugenia caryopbyl-
Ijita — c. Jlortcnsis, Diantbus carj'ophyllus — c.
Pimcnta, Myrtus Piinenta — c. Vulgaris, Geum
urbanmn.
CAllYO'TI. The best kind of dates.— Galen.
CA.S HARES {¥.), Rare cases. This term is
used, by the French, for pathologiojil facts, which
viiry from what is usual. See a celebrated article
under this head in the Dictiunnaire ties Sciences
Mediral.-s. Vol. IV.
CASAMUM, Cyclamen.
CASAMUNAR, Cassurauniar.
CASCADING, Vomiting.
CAS'CARA, CASCARIL'LA. Spanish words,
which signify hark and lime bark, under wliich
appellations the hark (Cinchona) is known in
Peru. They are now applied to the bark of Cro-
toii casrarilla. The bark-gatherers are called
Cascarillcros.
CASCARILLA, Cascara, Croton cascarilla — c.
Carabaya, sec Cinchonaj cordifoliae cortex — c.
Coloraiia, Cinchoiuu oblongifoliac cortex — c. Roxa,
CinchonsB oijlongifolia! cortex.
CASCARfLLEROS, see Cascara.
CASCIIl'IU, Catechu.
CASK, T'l/wi, T/ieca, (F.) Caisse. This name
is given to boxes for the preservation of instru-
ments, or of medicines necessary in hospital or
other service. We say, e. g. — A ease of ampti-
tatiiig, or «/' trepanning instrninents. A pocket
case, Armamenta' rium portah'ile, (F.) Trousse,
contains the smaller instruments in constant use
with the surgeon.
Cask, C'dus, from cadere, casiim, 'to fall.'
The conilition of a patient; — as a case of fever,
&c. (F.) Ohservation. Also, the history of a
disease.
CASEARIUS, Cheesy.
CA'SEIN, Cascine, Ca'senm, Galaetine, Ti/rine,
Lactnlhn'men, Caseous matter, (F.) Caseiiie, itfa-
tih-e caseuse, from caseus, 'cheese.' The only
nitrogenizod constituent of milk. It is identical
in comiuisition with the chief constituents of
l)lood, — fil)rin and albumen, all being compounds
of protein. A similar principle exists in the vege-
table, Veijetnhle Casein or Le(j\('min, Ve<j"etnhle
Gluten. It is chiefly found in leguminous seeds
— peas, beans, lentils. Like vegetable albumen,
Casein is soluble in water; and the solution is
not eoagulable by heat.
Casi:in', Rlooi) Globulin — c. of the Saliva., see
Saliva — c. of the Small intestine, Albuminose.
CASEOSUS. Cheesy.
CASEOUS MATTER, Casein.
CASKUM, Casein.
CASEUS. Cheese — c. Equinus, Hippace.
OASEUX, Cheesy.
CASHEW, Anacardium oecidentale.
CASIIOO. An aromatic drug of Iliudoostan,
said to possess pectoral virtues.
CASIIOW, Catechu.
CASIA. Laurus cassia.
CASMINA, Cassumuniar.
CASMONAR, Cassumuniar.
CASSA, Thorax.
CASSADA ROOT. .Jatropha manihot.
CASSAVA, BITTER, Jatropha manihot — c.
Root, Jatropha manihot.
CASSE AROMATIQUE, Laurus cassia — c.
en Bdloiis, Cassia lis tula— c. en Bois, Laurus cas-
sia— c. dea Boutiques, Cassia fistula — c. Seni,
Cassia senna.
CASSE-LUNETTE, Centaurea cyanus, Cya-
nus segetum, Euphrasia officinalis.
CASSEENA, Ilex vomitoria.
CASSENOLES, see Quercus infectoria.
CASSIA, Laurus cassia — c. Absus, Absus — c.
Acutifolia, C. senna — c. ^Egyptian, C. senna —
c. Alexandrina, C. fistula — c. Bonplandiana, C.
fistula.
Cassia Ciiam^CRIs'ta, Prairie senna, Par-
tridge Pea, Wild Senna, an indigenous plant.
Order, LeguininosjB, which flowers in August. It
resembles Cassia Marilandica in properties.
Cassia Ci.nnamomka, Laurus cassia — c. Ca-
ryophyllata, Myrtus earyophyllata — c. Canella,
Laurus cassia — c. Egyptian, Cassia senna — c,
Excelsa, C. fistula.
Cas'siA Fis'tuLA, C nigra seu fstula'ris seu
Alexandri'na seu excel'na seu Bonplandia'na,
Cannn, C. solnti'va seu fistula, Cnthartocar' pus,
Bactyrilo'hium fis'tnla. Purging Cassia, (F.) Casse
Canefic'i'r, Caneficier ou en Batons ou des Bou-
tiques. The pulp of Cassia Fis'tula or Catharto-
car'pus Fistula, Pudding pipe tree ; Fam. Legu-
minosae; Sex. Sijst. Decandria Monogynia, Pulpn
Cas'sias, Cassim Aramen'tum, Co-ssia FistulcB
Pulpa, (Ph. U. S.), which is obtained in long
pods, is black, bright, and shining: sweet, slightly
acid, and inodorous. It is laxative in the dose
of 3'v to 3J.
Cassia Lanceolata, C. senna — c. Lignea,
Laurus cassia — c. Lignea Malabarica, Laurus
cassia.
Cassia Mauilan'dica, Senna America'nn,
American or Wild Senna, Locust plant, (F.) Seni
d'Amerique, The leaves of this plant are similar,
in virtue, to. those of cassia senna. They are,
however, much inferior in strength.
Cassia Nigra, C. fistula — c. Ofiicinalis, C.
senna — c. Orientalis, C. senna — c. Purging, Cas-
sia fistula.
Cassia Senna, C. lanceola'ta seu acntifo'lia
seu orienta'lis seu offieina'lis. The name of tho
plant which afiTords senna. It is yielded, how-
ever, by several species of the genus cassia. The
leaves of senna, Sennce Folia, Senna Alexandri'-
na seu Ttal'ica, Sena, Senna or ^Egyptian Cassia,
(F.) Sene, Casse Sene, have a faint smell, and
bitterish taste. The active part, by some called
Cathartin, is extracted by alcohol and water.
Their activity is injured by boiling water. They
are a hydragogue cathartic, and apt to gripe.
Dose of the powder, Qj to ^j. Iufu.sion is the
best form.
The varieties of senna, in commerce, are Tin-
nirelh) Senna, Boinhai/ or Cuininon India Senna,
Alexandrian Senna, Tripoli Senna, and Aleppo
CASSIyE ARAMENTUM, see Cassia fistnla—
c. Fistulas pulpa, see Cassia fistula — c. Flores,
see Laurus cinnamomum.
CASSIALA, Hyssopus.
CASSIDA GALERICULATA, Scutellaria ga-
lericulata.
CASSIDE BLEUE, Scutellaria galericulata.
CASSIXA, Ilex vomitoria.
CASSINE CAROLINIANA. Ilex paraguensis
— c. Evergreen, Ilex vomitoria — c. Peragua, Ilex
paraguensis.
CASSIS, Ribes nigrum.
CASSITEROS. Tin.
C A S S U M U ' N I ,\ R, Casamu'nar, Casmonar,
Zerumhet, Casmina, Ri'sagon. Ben'gale Indo'rum,
Bengal Root, (F.) Racine de Bengale. A root,
obtained from the East Indies, in irregular slices
of various forms ; some cut transversely, others
longitudinally. It is an aromatic bitter, and is
consequently tonic and stimulant. It was onco
CASSUVIUM POMIFERUM 174
CATAGOGLOSSUM
considered a panacea, and has been referred to
Zingiber Cnssiiiiniiiiar, Z. Clifford'ia seu purpn'-
reitm, Aino'iniini montu'nnm, and to Zinrjiber Ze-
ritmbef seu spu'rinm, Aino'mum Zerumbet seu si/l-
ves'tre.
CASSUVIUM POMIFERUM, Anacardium
ocetdentale.
CAS'SYTA FILTFORM'IS. A South African
plant, Nat. Ord. LaurineiE, which is employed
by the Cape colonists as a wash in scald head,
and as an antiparasitic.
CAST. Contortion, Caste — e. in the Eye, see
Strabismus.
CASTALIA SPECIOSA, Nymphaea alba.
CASTANEA, Fagus castanea: see, also, Fagus
castanea puinila — c. Equina, ^sculus Hippocas-
tanum — c. Pumila, Fagus castanea pumila.
CASTE, Cttst, from (P.) Crnsta, 'race or lineage.'
A name given, by the Portuguese in India, to
classes of society, divided according to occupa-
tions, which have remained distinct from the
earliest times. Hence a separate and fixed order
or class. See Half-caste.
CASTELLAMARE DI STASIA, WATERS
OF. Castellamare di Stabia is a town in Naples,
in the Principato Citra, 15 miles S. S. E. of Na-
ples. There are two springs, the one sulphu-
reous, the other chalybeate.
CASTELLETTO ADONO, WATERS OF.
These waters, situate near Acqui, in Italy, are
sulphureous.
CASTERA-VIVENT, WATERS OP. Cas-
tera-Vivent is a small village in the department
of Gers, near which is a cold acidulous chaly-
beate, and another which is sulphureous and
thermal. Temp. 84° Fahrenheit.
CASTIGANS, Corrigent.
CASTIGLIO'NIA LOBA'TA, Pinoncillo tree.
A tree, which is cultivated in some parts of Peru,
and grows wild in abundance. Its beautiful fruit,
when roasted, has an agreeable flavour. When
an incision is made into the stem, a clear bright
liquid flows out, which, after some time, becomes
black and horny-like. It is a very powerful
caustic.
CASTILLON POWDERS, see Powders, Cas-
tillon.
CASTING, Vomiting.
CASTJOE, Catechu.
CASTLE-LEOD, WATERS OF. A sulphu-
reous spring in Ross-shire, Scotland, celebrated
for the cure of cutaneous and other diseases.
CASTOR BAY, Magnolia glauca.
Castor Fiber, Fiber, Cauis Pon'ticus, the
Beaver. (F.) Castor. It furnishes the Castor.
Rondelet recommends slippers made of its skin
in gout. Its blood, urine, bile, and fat, were for-
merly used in medicine.
Castor Oil Plant, Ricinus communis.
CASTO'REUM, Ctiito'rium, Cantor, Castoretim
Ros'nicnm et Canaden'se, from KaoTDp, ' the bea-
ver,' quasi yaarwp, from yaaTrip, ' the belly,' be-
cause of the size of its belly. [?] A peculiar
matter found in the follicles of the jirepuce of the
beaver. Castor fiber. Its odour is strong, unplea-
sant, and peculiar; taste bitter, subacrid ; and
colour orange brown. It is antispasmodic, and
often employed. Dose, gr. x to ^j.
CASTORINA, from Cantoreum, 'castor.' Me-
dicines containing castor.
CASTRANGULA, Scrophularia aquatica.
CAST HAT, Castratus.
CASTRA'TION, Cantra'tio, Ec'tome, Ectom'ia,
Evlra'tio, Excastra'tio, Etesticula'tio, Exlirpa'tio
testiciilo'rum, Detenta'tio, Exsec'tio viril'ium, Eii-
nnchis'muH, Orchotom'ia, Orclieot'omi), Orchidot'-
omy, Gelding, Spaying, (F.) Clidtrnre. The
operation of removing the testicles. Sometimes
the term is employed for the operation when per-
formed on one testicle ; hence the division into
complete and incomplete castration. Castration
renders the individual incapable of reproduction.
The terra Spaying is usually restricted to tho
removal of the ovaries.
CASTRATO, Castratus.
CASTRA'TUS, (I.) Cnstra'to, Ectom'!,,,,
Emascnla'tus, Erira'tni, Exsec'tui, Dcnec'tnit, Ex-
lesticida'tus. Ex maribiia, Intentab'iliH, Intenla'tiin,
Spado, Apoc'opiis, Bago'cs, from vastrare, ' to
castrate.' (F.) Castrat, ClidtrS. One deprived
of testicles. In the Southern States an animal
thus situated is said to be al'tercd. This priva-
tion has a great influence on the development of
puberty. It is practised to procure a clearer and
sharper voice ; and in the East, tho guardians of
the harem, for the sake of security, are converted
into Caaira'ti or Eu'niichu, tvi'ovxot. Eunnchi
have generally both testes and penis removed.
CASUS, Prolapsus, Symptom — c. Palpebraa
superioris, Blepharoptosis — c. Uvulae, Staphyloe-
dema.
CAT FOOT, Gnaphnliura polycephalum.
CAT TAIL, Typha latifolia.
CATA, Kara, 'downwards.' 'after,' applied to
time : at times, it gives additional force to the
radical word. A common prefix, as in —
CATAB'ASIS, from KaTafiaivi,}, 'I descend.'
An expulsion of humours downwards. Also, a
descent, Descen'sns, Dencen'sio, — as of the tes-
ticles, Descen' 8U8 testienlo'rwn.
CATABLE'MA, KaraliXrifjia, (Kara and jiaXhiv,)
'anything let fall, as a curtain,' Epible'ma, Pe-
rible'ma. The outermost bandage which secures
the rest.
CATABY'THISMOMA'NIA, from (cara/3r,9.j.
(jof, ' submersion,' and iiavia, ' mania.' Insanity,
with a propensity to suicide by drowning.
CATACASMUS, Cupping, Scarification.
CATACAUMA, Burn.
CATACAUSIS, Combustion, human — c. Ebri-
osa, Combustion, human.
CATACERAS'TICUS, from KaTaKtpavvviii, 'I
temper,' ' I correct.' The same as Epi'ccrnniiciis.
A medicine capable of blunting acrinaony of the
humours.
CATACHASMOS, Scarification
CATACHRISIS, Inunction.
CATACHRISTON, Liniment.
CATACH'YSIS, Efa'sio, Po/u'sio, from /tara-
j^Eo), 'I pour upon. AflFusion with cold water.—
Hippocrates. Decantation.
CATAC'LASIS, from /tara/cAa^o, 'I break to
pieces.' Cam'pylum, Campylo'tin. Distortion, or
spasmodic fixation of the eyes ; spasmodic occlu-
sion of the eyelids. Also, fracture of a bone.^
Hippocrates, Vogel.
CATACLEIS', from Kara, 'beneath,' and icXtti,
'the clavicle;' 'a lock or fastening,' xaTaxMta
{Kara and kXciw), I lock up. This term has been
applied to many parts, as to the first rib, the
acromion, the joining of the sternum with the
ribs, &c.
CATACLEI'SIS, same etymon. A locking up.
The act of locking up. Morbid union of lli e eye-lids.
CATACLYS'MUS, Cataclyn'ma, Cata'clpin,
from KaTUKXv^civ, 'to submerge, inundate.' A
Clyster. — Hippocr. Others mean, by the term, a
shower-bath, or copious aff"usion of water; Catw-
one'sis. Ablution, Douche.
CAT^ONESIS, Catantlema, Cataclysmus.
CATAGAUNA. Cambogia.
CATAGLOSSUM, Glossocatochus.
CATAGMA, Fracture — c. Pissura, Fissure, see
Contrafissura — c. Fractura, Fracture.
CATAGMAT'ICS, Catagmat'ica r em ed' in, from.
Karayita, 'fracture.' Remedies supposed to be
capable of occasioning the formation of callus.
CATAGOGLOS'SUM, from Karayuv, 'to draw
CATAGRAPHOLOGIA
1
CATAPLASMA
down,' and yXw<T<7a, 'the tongue.' An instrument
for presaing down the tongue. See Glossocato-
chus.
CATAGRAPHOLOGIA,Pharmacocatagrapho-
logia.
VATAIRE, Nepeta, see Fremiescment cntm'ye.
CATALKN'TIA. Epilepsy, or some disease
reseinliling it. — Paracelsus.
CATALEPSIA SPURIA, Ecstasis.
CATALEP'SY, Cdtnlej/ita, Cutalep'sis, Cat'-
oche, Ciit'ocliuH, Odt'ocha Golc'ni, J/idIihii atton'-
itiiH VcIh), llyite'ria caUdep'tica, CouijeUi'tio, De-
ten' tin, Encdtitlep' lis, Aphonia — (Hippocr.,)j4)iau'-
dia — (Antigenes,) Apprehen'iiio, CuntempUi'tio,
Stupor vi<j"ilan8, Prehen'm'o, Gurus Cutdlep'sui,
Oppren'sio, Comjyrehen'vio — (Ca;l. Aurelian.) Com-
prcn'nio,Apnpleje'ia Catalep'Hia.from KaraAa^/iuvu),
' I seize hold of.' Trance [?] (F.) Vatalejinie. A
disease in which there is sudden suspension of
the action of the senses and of volition ; the
limbs and trunk preserving the different positions
given to them. It is a rare affection, but is seen,
at times, as a form of hysteria. Some of the
Greek writers have used the word in its true ac-
ceptation of a seizure, surprise, &c.
CA'i:ALEVTIC,Cata/ep'ticu8,{F.)Catalepticjue.
Same etymon. Relating to catalepsy. Affected
with catalepsy.
Catalet'tic Method, Meth'odus Cnfniep'tic.a.
The administration of external agents when in-
ternal agents are inapplicable.
CATALOT'IC, Catalut'icus, from (cuTaAomw, 'to
break or grind down.' A remedy which removes
unseemly cicatrices.
CATAL'PA, C. Arho'rea seu Cordtfo'Ua seu
Arborcs'cens seu Bignoniui'des seu Si/rini/cp/o'lia,
Jlir/uo'nia Catal'pa, Cataio'ba tree. Bean tree,
Indian Bean. A decoction of the pods of the
Catalpa, an American tree, of the Order Bigno-
niaceos, Didynamia Angiospermia, has been re-
commended in chronic nervous asthma.
Catalpa Arbohka, Catalpa — c. Bignonioides,
Catalpa — c. Cordifolia, Catalpa — c. Syringasfolia,
Catalpa.
CATAL'YSIS, Paralysis, from koto, and Auw,
'I dissolve or decompose.' The action of pre-
sence in producing decomposition ; as when a
body which possesses what has been termed ca-
talytic force — (F.) Force cataljjtiqne — resolves
other bodies into new compounds by mere eon-
tact or presence, without itself experiencing any
moditieation.
CATALYT'IC, Catnhjt'icm. Same etymon.
A medicine, which is presumed to act by the de-
struction or counteraction of morbid agencies in
the blood. — Headland. See Catiilysis.
CATALYTIC FORCE, see Catalysis.
CATAMENIA, Menses — c. Alba, Leucorrhoea.
CATAME'NIAL, Catamenia'lis, 3fen'strual,
Men'struus, Men'struous, (F.) 3lenstruel, from
Kcira, and fit^v, 'a month.' Appertaining or rela-
ting to (he catamcnia.
CATAMENIORUM FLUXUS IMMODICUS,
Menorrhagia,
CATANANCE. Cichorium intybus.
CATANGELOS, Ruseus.
CATANTLE'MA, Catantle'sis, from koto,
'upon,' and avr^au), ' I pour.' Cateone'sis and
('attfone'sis. Ablution with warm water. A fo-
mentation.— Moschion, Marcellus Empiricus.
CATAPAS'MA, from Karanaaaia, ' I sprinkle.'
Catapas'tum, Consper'sio, Epipas'ton, Pasma,
SumiiaH'nia, Empns'ma, Dinpas'nia, Xer'ion, As-
per'sin, Epispas'tuni, I'nlris asjyerso'rius. A com-
pound medicine, in the form of powder, employed
by the ancients to sprinkle on ulcers, absorb per-
spiration. Ac.— Paulus of iEgina.
CATAPH'ORA, 'a fall,' from Karaificpw, 'I
throw down.' A state resembling sleep, with
privation of feeling and voice. Somnolency.
According to others, Cataphora is simply a pro-
found sleep, which it is difficult to rouse from^
in this sense being synonymous with Sopor.
CATAruoRA Coma, see Apoplexy — c. Ilydro-
eephalica, see Apoplexy — c. Cymini, Theriaca
Londinensis — c. Magnetica, Somnambulism, ma-r-
netic. °
CATAPHRAC'TA, Cataphrac'les, a Cuirass,
from KaTa^pacodi, ' I fortify.' A name given by
Galen to a bandage applied round the thorax
and shoulders. It was also called Qnadri'oa.
CATAPIESIS, Depression.
CATAPINOSIS, Absorption.
CATAP'LASIS, from KiiTunXauaw, 'to be-
smear.' The act of besmearing or overlaying
with plaster.
CAT'A PLASM, Catapla»'ma, Epiplas'-
ma. Poultice, Puttixe, (Prov.) Pulsoj, from
<caTan-Xa(T(7£(i', {kutii and -rXnanuv, 'to form or
mould,') 'to besmear.' (F>) Calaplasme. A
medicine applied externally, under the form of a
thick pap. Cataplasms are formed of various in-
gredients, and for different objects. They may
be anodi/ne. emottietif, tonic, atiliseplic, irritatinq,
Ac. A simple poultice acts only by virtue of its
warmth and moisture. Mealy, fatly substances,
leaves of plants, certain fruits, crumb of bread,
&c., are the most common bases. The chief poul-
tices which have been officinal are the following:
— Anodyne — c. Cicutaj, c. Digitalis. Antiseptic
— c. Carbonis, c. Dauci, c. Fermenti, c. Acetosse,
c. Cumini. Emollient — e. Lini, c. Panis, c. Mali
maturi. Irritating — c. Sinapis, c. Sodii chloridi,
c. Quercfls Marini. Tonic and Astringent — c.
Alum, c. Goulard, c. of Roses.
The Parisian Codex had some other officinal
cataplasms : — 1. Cataplas'ma anod'ijnum, made of
poppy and hyoscyamus. 2. Cataplas'ma emolliens,
made of meal and pulps. .3. Cataplas'ma ad sup-
pnratio'neju promoven'dam, of \>\i]p.s!iwd basilicon.
4. Cataplas'ma rubifa'ciens vel antijAeurit' iciiin,
formed of pepper and vinegar.
The only cataplasms, the preparation of which
it is important to describe, are some of the fol-
lowing : —
CATAPLAS^f, Annsf, Coagulum Aluminosum — •
c. of Beer grounds, see Cataplasma Fermenti —
c. Carrot, Cataplasma Dauci— c. Charcoal, Cata-
plasma carbonis ligni — c. of Chlorinated Soda,
Cataplasma Soda9 chlorinate — c. Flaxseed, Cata-
plasma Lini — e. Hemlock, Cataplasma Conii — c.
Ice, see Ice — c. Linseed, Cataplasma Lini — c.
Slippery Elm, Cataplasma Ulmi — c. Y'east, Cata-
plasma Fermenti.
CATAPLASMA, Cataplasm — c. Bynes, see C,
Fermenti.
Cataplas'ma Carbo'nis, Charcoal Cataplasm
or poultice, (F.) Cataplasme au charbon. Made
by adding powdered charcoal to a common cata-
plasm, tfsed as an anti^septic to foul ulcers, <fee.
Cataplas'ma Coyi'j, Ilemlocl- Cataplasm, made
by spreading soft Extract of Hemlock on a. flax-
seed poultice. UscjI in malignant painful ulcers.
Cataplas'ma Dauci, Carrot Cataplasm or
poultice. Made by boiling the root of the Carrot
until it is soft enough to form a poultice. Used
in fetid ulcers.
Cataplasma F^cul^ Cerevisi.e, see C. Fer-
menti.
Cataplas'ma FEnsiF.yT'i.C. efferres'cens. Yeast
Cataplasm or })oult ire, (F.) Cataplasme de Levnre.
(Take of u-heaten flour, tbj ; veaxt and water, fia,
f5v. Expose to a gentle heat.) It is antiseptic,
and a good application to bruises. A Cataplasm
of Beer Grounds, Cataplasma Fce'cula Cerevis' i(r.,
C. Bynes, is used in the same cases.
Cataplas'ma Lim, Linseed or Flaxseed Cata-
plasm, (F.) Cataplasme de farine de Lin, Cata-
CATAFLASME
176
CATARACT
plaume cotumun, made by mixing boiling water
with Ihineed meal, is an excellent emollient.
Catai'LAs'ma Sina'i'is, 6'. Sina'peos, Sin'a-
pism, Moxtitrd C>it<ij>l<i«»i, poii/lice or plaster, (P.)
Catnpl'iKiiie lie J/aiilard ou Siiinpisme. {Mu/ttiird
and Unneed meal or vtenl, aa, ecju.'il parts; warm
vinegar or water, q. s.) A rubefacient and stimu-
lant applied to the soles of the feet in coma, low
typhus, etc., as well as to the pained part in rheu-
matism, &c.
Catai'LAS'ma Sod^ Chlorina't.?:, Cataplasm
of Clilo'riiiated Soda. Made by adding solution of
chlorinated soda to a conuwon Jiaxseed cataplasm.
Applied to foul, offensive ulcers.
Cataplas'ma Ulmi, Slippery Elm poultice, is
made by adding boiling water to the powdered
bark of Ulmus fnlva, stirring constantly. It is a
light, agreeable cataplasm.
CATAl'LASME, Cataplasm — c. an Charhon,
Cataplas-ina carbonis ligni — c. de Farine de Lin,
Cataplasma lini. ,
CATAPLEX'IS, .S'^»/jor, from ifora, and irXfjffffo),
'I strike.' The act of striking with amazement.
Appearance of astonishment, as exhibited by the
eyes in particular. See Ilcemodia.
CATAPOSIS, Deglutition.
CATAPOTIA. Pilula.
CATAPOTION, Pilula.
CATAPSYX'IS.from KaTa<^vx'^,''^reh'^gera\^.'
Peripstjx'is. Considerable coldness of the body,
without rigor undliorripilatio. — Galen. Per/riv'-
tio. Coldness in the extreme parts of the limbs.
— Hippocrates.
CATAPTO'SIS, Deciden'tia, a fall. This word,
at times, expresses the fall of a patient, attacked
with epilepsy or apo]ilexy ; at others, the sudden
resolution of a paralytic limb.
CATAPULTA YIRILIS, Penis.
CATAPUTIA MINOR, Euphorbia lathyris,
Eicinus comuiunis.
CAT'ARACT, Catarac'ta, Catarrhac'ta, Snffa'-
sio Oc'n/i, S. Lentis crt/stall'incB, Plitharnia cata-
rac'ta, Cali'go lentis, Gutta opa'ca, IJi/poc'liytna,
Hu'poc'hysis, Hopoph'ysis, Pliacoscoto'ma, Paro})'-
ais catarac'ta, Glaneo'ma Woidhou'si, from Kara-
paoaciv, (kiitii and paaaciv,) 'to tumble down.' A
deprivation of sight, which comes on as if a veil
fell before the eyes. Cataract consists in opacity
of the crystalline lens or its capsule, which pre-
vents the p.assage of the rays of light, and pre-
cludes vision. The causes are obscure. Diag-
nosis. — The patient is blind, the pu))!! seems
closed by an opake body, of variable colour, but
commonly whitish : — the pupil contracting and
dilating. Cataracts have been divided, by some,
into spurious and genuine. The firmer, where
the obstacle to vision is between the capsule of
the lens and the uvea: the latter, where it is in
the lens or capsule. A lenticular cataract is
where the affection is seated in the lens ; — a cap-
sular or membranous, in the capsule. The cap-
sular is divided again, by Beer, into the anterior,
posterior, and complete capsular cataract. When
the capsule is rendered opake, in consequence
of an injury, which cuts or ruptures any part of
it, it thickens, becomes leathery, and has been
called Catarac'ta arida siliquo'sn. Catarac'ta
Jforgagnia'na lactea sen purifor'mis is the milky
variety, in which the crystalline is transformed
into a liquid similar to milk, (F.) Cataracte lai-
teuse ; or, as generally defined, in which there is
opacity of the fluid situate between the lens and
its capsule. The cap'sulo-lentic'ular affects both
lens and capsule, {Achrystidlodiaphanie, Adia-
phanie periclirystaltique — Piorry,)and Beer con-
ceives the liquor Morgagni, in an altered state,
may contribute to it. Cataracts are also called
hard, soft {Pliacomaln'cia,), stony, (F. pierreuse,)
milky or cheesy (laiteuse ou cuseuse,), Galactocata-
rac'ta, Catarac'ta lactic'vlor, according to their
density : — white, pearly, yellow, brown, gray,
green, black, (F.) blanche, perlt'e, Jnune. bnine,
grise, verte, noire, uccording to their colour: —
fjed or vacillating — catarac'ta capsulo-lenticii.
la'ris fjca vel trem'ula, {¥.) fjre ou branlnntc,
according as they are fixed or movable behimi
the pupil. They are likewise called Catana-'ta;
marmora'cice, fenestra'tcp, stella'lw, pnnvlo'tcr,
dimidia'tw, <fec., according to the appearances
they present.
They may be simjjle, or complicated wiih
adhesion, amaurosis, specks, <tc. ; and jirimanj
or primitive, when opake before the oi)erati(jn; —
secondary, when the opacity is the result of the
operation.
The following classification of cataracts is by
M. Desmarres : —
Class I. — True Cataracts.
a. Lenticular
Cataracts.
Hard.
Soft.
h. Capsular
Cataracts.
c. Capsulo-
ventricular
Cataracts.
d. Secondary
Cataracts.
Green.
Black.
Osseous.
Stony or chalky.
("Striated. etiolated,
barred, fleliis-
cent, with three
branches, Ac.
■\ Disseminated, or
dotted.
Congenital.
Traumatic.
Glaucomatous,
Morgagnian, or
, interstitial.
I Cystic, purulent,
[ "fetid.
Shaking, or float-
ing.
Luxated.
Pyramidal or ve-
gctant.
Arid siliquose.
All the varieties of lenticular and
capsular Cataracts.
r Lenticular.
< Capsular.
( Capsulo-lenticular.
Liquid.
Other varie-
ties,soft,hard,
_ or liquid.
Anterior.
Posterior.
Class II. — False Cataracts.
Fibrinous.
Purulent.
Sanguineous.
Pigmentous.
Cataract is commonly a disease of elderly indi-
viduals, although, not unfrequently, congcn'ital.
It forms slowly; objects are at first seen as
through a mist; light bodies appear to fly before
the eyes, and it is not until after months or years
that the sight is wholly lost. No means will ob-
viate the evil except an ojjeration, which consists
in removing the obstacle to the pass^agc of the
light to the retina. Four chief methods are em-
ployed for this purpose. 1. Couching or Depres-
sion, Hyalonix'is, Hyidonyx'is, (F.) Abaissemevi,
Deplacement de la Cataracte. This Consists in
passing a cataract needle through the sclerotica
and subjacent membranes, a little above the
transverse diameter of the eye ; and at about twi)
lines' distance from the circumferance of the
transparent cornea, until the point arrives in the
posterior chamber of the e)'e. With this the
crystalline is depressed to the outer and lower
part of the globe of the eye, where it is left.
2. By absorption, — by the French termed Iroie-
ment or bruising. This is performed in the same
manner as the former; except that, instead of
CATARACTA
177
CATARTISMUS
turnin<; the crystalline from the axis of the visual
rays, it is divided by the cutting edge of the
needle, and its fragments are scattered in the
humours of the eye, where they are absorbed.
3. liji cjclitn-tioii, which consists in opening, with
a particular kind of knife, the transparent cornea
and the anterior portion of the capsule of the
crystalline ; and causing the lens to issue through
the aperture. Each of the processes has its ad-
vantages and disadvantages, and all are used by
surgeons. 4. Some, again, pass a cataract needle
through the transparent cornea and pupil to the
crystalline, and depress or cause its absorption.
This is called Ceratonyxis. See, also, Reclination.
Cataract, Black, Amaurosis — c. Capsular,
Bee Cataract — v. Capsulo-lenticular, see Cataract
— c. Central, Centradiaphanes — c. Cheesj', see
Cataract — c. Congenital, see Cataract — c. Com-
plicated, see Cataract — c. Fi.xed, see Cataract —
c. Genuine, see Cataract — c. Hard, see Cataract
— 0. Lenticular, see Cataract — c. Membranous,
see Cataract — c. Milky, see Cataract — c. Opake,
see Cataract — c. Primary, see Cataract. — e. Primi-
tive, see Cataract — c. Secondary, see Cataract —
e. Simple, see Cataract — e. Soft, see Cataract — e.
Spurious, see Cataract — o. Stony, see Cataract —
c. Vacillating, see Cataract.
CATARACTA, Cataract — c. Arida siliquosa,
see Cataract — c. Capsulo-lenticularis, see Cata-
ract— c. Centralis, Centradiaphanes — c. Dimidi-
ata, see Cataract — c. L'enestrata,, see Cataract —
c. Glauca, Glaucoma — c. Lacticolor, see Cataract
— c. Liquida, Hygrocataracta — c. Marmoracea,
see Cataract — c. Morgagniana, see Cataract — c.
Nigra, Amaurosis — c. Punctata, see Cataract — c.
Stellata, see Cataract.
CATA/tACTt;, ABAISSEMENT DE LA, see
Cataract — c. niunche, see Cataract — c. liraidnHte,
see Cataract — c. Jlrnne, see Cataract — c. Uaseiise,
see Cataract — c. Deplticeiiietit de hi, see Cataract
— c. FUe, see Cataract — c. (irine, see Cataract —
c. Jdiine, sec Cataract — c. Ldi'leime, see Cataract
— c. \oire, Amaurosis, see Cataract — c. Periee,
see Cataract — c. /'ierreuse, see Cataract — c. Verte,
see Cataract.
CATARACTE (F.), Catarac'fiis, Catamc.'td
vttia'tiiH. One alTocted with cataract. The French
tise this term, both for the eye affected with cata-
ract and the patient himself.
CATARIA, see Nepeta — c. Vulgaris, Nepeta.
CATAHRir, Ottar'rhnx. Git.n-'rlwpwi, C«tar-
rheu'mn, Ji/ienmii, JJejhix'in, Caldstny'iiKt, Phlcg-
matorrh(tii''ia,I'hle(/matorrIi(r'(i, from Kara, 'down-
wards,' and peu), ' I flow.' A discharge of fluid
from a raucous membrane. The ancients consi-
dered catarrh as a simple flux, and not as an in-
flammation. Generally' it partakes of this cha-
racter, however. Catarrh is, with us, usually
restricted to inflammation of the mucous mem-
brane of the air-passages : the French extend it
to that of all mucous membranes; (F.) Flux
viuqneux, F/ii.rion cntarrhale.
Catarrh, in the English sense, JironcTto catnr'-
rhus, PiiI'mniHiry Catarrh, Lmuj fever (vul-
garly), Hheiima Pec'toris, Dentilla'tio Pec'toris,
Catar'rhii.1 Prc'toris, C. Pii/ino'num, 0. Piilmo-
na'tis, C. Broiichia'lis, Jileiitiop'li/sis, Ttis'sin ca-
tarrha'liK simp/ex, Grnve'du (of many), Febris
Catarrha'lln, P/eiiiiotho'rax, lironchi'tis, Catar'-
rhiis ,1 Fri'yore, a C-dd, (Prov.) (Jooth, (F.) Ca-
tarrhe pu/monaire, Fierre t'atarrhale, llhiitne de
Poitrine, is a superficial inflammation of the mu-
cous follicles of tlie trachea and bronchi. It is com-
monly an affection of but little consequence, but
apt to relapse and become chronic. It is charac-
terized by cough, thirst, lassitude, fever, watery
eyes, witii increased secretion of mucus from the
air-passages. The antiphlogistic regimen and
time usually remove it. Sometimes, the inflam-
12
mation of the bronchial tubes is so great as to
prove fatal.
Catarrh, Acute, of the Uterus, see Metri-
tis— c. Chronic, Bronchitis, (chronic) — o. Dry,
see Bronchitis — c. Pulmonarj', Bronchitis, Ca-
tarrh— c. Rose, Fever, hay — c. Suffocating ner-
vous, Asthma Thymicum — c. Summer, Fever,
hay.
Catarrh', Epidem'ic, Catar'rhus ept'dem'icus,
C. d conta'gio, Rhenma epideni' ioini. Catarrh
prevailing owing to some particular Constitntlo
aerh, and affecting a whole country, — Influenza.
CATARRIIACTA, Cataract.
CATAR'RHAL, Catarrha'Ui,, Catarrlio'icns,
Cotarrfio'it't'citJi, Catarrhoct'icits. Relating to
catarrh, — as Catarrhal Fever.
CATARRHE AIGUH DE L'UTERUS, see
Metritis — c. Buccal, Aphtha; — c. Cvnvnlsire.
Bronchitis — c. Oastriqiie, Gastritis— c. Gtittnrul,
Cynanche tonsillaris — c. Intestinal, Diarrhoea —
c. Larynr/ien, Laryngitis — c. Nasal, Corj'za —
c. Oculaire, Ophthalmia — c. de V Oreille, Otir-'
rhoea — c. Pharyngien, Cynanche parotidea — c.
Pituiteux, Bronchorrhoea — c. Pidmanaire, Ca-
tarrh— c. Sec ; see Bronchitis — c. Stomacal, Gas-
trorrhoea — c. Uterin, Leucorrhoea — c. Ve'sicul,
Cystorrhoea.
CATARRHEC'TICA, from Karappriyvviii, 'I
break down.' Remedies considered ]irin)er for
evacuating; — as diuretics, cathartics, Ac. — Hip-
pocrates.
CATARRIIEUMA, Catarrh.
CATARRJIEUX (F.) Catarrho'sus. One sub-
ject to catarrh ; affected with catarrh.
CATARRHEX'IA, Catarrhcx'is ; same ety-
mon as Catarrheclica. The action of Catarrhec-
ticji. Also, effusion; evacuation of the bowels.
CATARRHEXIS, Catarrhexia, Excrement— c.
Vera, JLemator^hezia.
CATARRHffiA, Rheumatism.
CATARRIIOKT'ICUS, from KOTappcu,. 'I flow
from.' An epithet for disease produced by a
discharge of phlegm; catarrhal.
CATAR'RIIOPA PIIY'MATA, from Karappo-
-oj, Karapiiuma, ' sloping downwards.' Tubercles
tending downwards, or with their apices down-
wards.
CATARRIIOPHK. Absorption.
CATARRHOPUESIS, Absorption.
CATARRHO'PIA, Catar'rhysi«, from Kara,
'downwards,' and (/or»?, ' inclination.' An afflux
of fluids towards the inferior parts, and especi-
ally towards the viscera of the abdomen. The
Greek word avappoiria expresses an opposite phe-
nomenon, or a tendency towards the upper parts.
CATARRHOPUS, Catarrh.
CATARRHOS'CIIESIS, from Karappoi, 'ca-
tarrh,' and axtati, 'suppression.' The suppres-
sion of a mucous discharge.
CATARRHUS, Defluxion, Tussis— c. Jilstivus,
fever, hay — c. Bellinsulanus, Cynanche paroti-
da}a — c. Bronchialis, Catarrh — c. P)ronchioium,
Bronchitis — c. a Contagio, Influenza — c. Epi-
demicus. Influenza, Catarrh, epidemic — c. Geni-
talium, Leucorrhoea — c. GonorrhtX'a, Gonorrhoea
— c. Intestinalis, Diarrhoea — c. Laryngeus, La-
ryngo-catarrhus — c. ad Nares, Coryza — c. Nasa-
lis, Coryza — c. Pulmonalis, Catarrh — e. Pulnio-
num. Bronchitis, Catarrh — c. Senilis, Bronchitis,
(chronic) — e. Suft'ocativus Barbadensis, C. traehe-
alis — c. Trachealis, Laryngo-catarrlius — c. Ure-
thr<TB, Gonorrhoea' pura — c. Urelhralis, Gonor-
rhoea— c. Vesica;, Cystorrhoea.
CATARRHYSIS, Catarrhopia, Defluxion.
CATARTISIS, Catartismus.
CAT.\RTIS'MUS, Catar'lisis. from Karapn^ctr,
'to repair, replace.' The coaptation of a luxated
or fractured bone, or hernia.
CATASARC.\
178
catochE
CATASARCA, Anasarca.
CATASCEUE, Structure.
CATASCHASMUS, Bloodletting, Scarification.
CATASTAGMUS, Catarrh, Coryza.
CATASTALAGMUS, Coryza, Distillation.
CATASTALTICA, Haematostatica, Sedatives,
Styptics.
CATAS'TASIS, from Ka^iarrint, '1 establish.'
The constitution, state, condition, <tc., of any
thing. — Hippocrates. Abo, the reduction of a
bone. See Constitution, and Habit of Body.
CATAT'ASIS, from Kuraravu, 'I extend.' Ex-
tension. The extension and reduction of a frac-
tured limb. — Hippocrates.
CATATHLIPSIS, Oppression.
CATAWBA TREE, Catalpa.
CATAXIS, Fracture.
CATCn FLY, Apocynum androscemifolium,
Silene Virginica.
CATCHING, see Contagious.
CATCHUP, Ketchup.
CAT'ECHU. The extract of the wood of
Aca'cia seu jVimo'sa Cat'echn, CncBt'chu, and of
the leaves of Nan'ch<i seu Uuca'ria (jnmhir, ori-
ental trees. The drug is also called Ejctrac'tum
Catechu^ Terra Jajioii' ic(i, Japan Earth, Cmclien,
Caduhii, Cashoic, Caitchu, Uantjoc, Cacan, Cate,
Kanth, Citti, Ciitch, Cuxrn, Queens Japou'ictin,
(Jamhir, (F.) Cnchou. It is a powerful astringent,
and is used in diarrhoea, intestinal hemorrhage,
Ac. Dose, gr. xv to ,^ss, in powder.
Cathciiii, SQt'AUE, sce Nauclea gambir.
CATEIAD'ION, from Kara, and ua, 'a blade of
grass.' A long instrument thrust into the nostrils
to e.xcite hemorrhage in headach. — Aretaeus.
CATENAE MUSCULUS, Tibialis anticus.
CATEONESIS, Catantlema.
CATGUT, Galega Virginiana.
CATHiE'RESIS, KaOaifjean, ' subtraction, di-
minution.' Extenuation or exhaustion, owing to
forced exercise. — Hippocrates. The action of
catheretics.
CATHJERETICUS, Catheretic.
CATHARETICUS, Cathartic.
CATHARISMOS, Depuration.
CATHAR'MA, Pnryament'um. The matter
evacuated by a purgative, or by spontaneous
purging : also, a cathartic.
CATHAR'MUS. Same etymon ; a purgation.
— Hippocrates. Also, the cure of a disease by
magic, &c.
CATHAR'SIS, from Ka&aipttv, (xaQ' and aipciv,
'to take away,') 'to purge.' Purrja'tio, Apoca-
thar'nis, Copropho'ria, Coprophore'sis. A natu-
ral or artificial purgation of any passage; — mouth,
anus, vagina, &c.
CATHAR'TIC, Cathar'ticua, Cathare'ticns,
Cathnr'ma, Coj>rocrit'icum, Cuprarjo'yvm, Liistra-
wen'tum, Purc/ans medicament' urn, Trichlliiim,
Dejecto'rium Jiemed'ium, Eccathar'ticiis, Hypucti-
cus, HypocJtorct'iciia, Alvnm evac'nans, Hypel'atoH,
Lopac'tieiis, Apocathar'tictis. Same etymon. (F.)
Cathartiqne. A medicine which, when taken in-
ternally, increases the number of alvine evacua-
tions. Some substances act upon the upper part
of the intestinal canal, as calomel and colocynth ;
others, on the lower part, as aloes ; and some on
the whole extent, as saline purgatives. Hence a
choice may be necessary. Cathartics are divided
into purgatives and laxatives. The following is
a list of the chief cathartics :
Aloe, Cassia Marilandica, Coloeynthis, Elate-
rium, Gambogia, Hydrargyri Ch^oridum mite,
Hydrargyri Oxydum nigrum, Hydrarg. cum
Magnesia, Jalapa, Jughins, Magnesia, Magnesiae
Carbonas, Magnesiae Sulphas. Manna, Mannita,
Oleum Euphorbia) Lathyridis, Oleum Ricini,
Oleum Tiglii, Podophyllum. Potassse Acetas, Po-
tassae Bisulphas, Potassjc Sulphas, Potassae Bi-
tartras, PotassoB Tnrtras, Rheum, Scammonium,
Senna, Sinnpis, Soda3 et Potassas Tartras, Siid»
Phosphas, Sodie Sulphas, Sodii Chloriduiii, Suj.
phur, Veratria, Aquas Minerales Sulphurea; et
Salina\ Eiioniata, Suppositoria.
CATHARTIN, see Cassia Senna, and Con.
volvulus jalapa.
CA T/IA li 7'/ QUE, Cathartic.
CATHARTOCARPUS, Cassia fistula.
CATHEDRA. Anus.
CATHEMERINUS, Quotidian.
CATHEMERUS, Quotidian.
CATHERET'IC, Catharet'icus, Erhjht'icvt,
Sarcoph' ay IIS, froTn KaSatpeta, 'to eat,' ' destroy,'
Substiinces applied to warts, exuberant granula-
tions, itc, to cat them down. Jffi/d cuiiKiica.
CATU'ETER, from Ka&iv/xt (kuO', and itjin, 'to
send,') ' I explore.' jEne'a, Al'ffulie, Alynlic,
Cathete'ris, Demissor, Immia'sor. A hollow tube,
introduced by surgeons into the urinary bladder,
for the purpose of drawing ofl' the urine. Cathe-
ters are made of silver or elastic gum. See Bougie.
The French generally use the word catheter fur
the solid sound or staff; and alyalie and «oiirfe
fur the hollow instrument.
Catheteh, Nasal. An instrument, invented
by M. Gensoul, of Lyons, for catheterizing the
ductus ad nasum. It is hook-shaped; the extre-
mity, bent at a right angle, is about an inch in
length, suited to the distance of the lower orifice
of the duct from the nostril, and likewise to the
length and form of the duct, with a slight spiral
turn.
CATHETERIS, Catheter.
CATHETERISIS, Catheterismus.
CATHETEKIS'MUS, Cathete'riaia, Calheteri-
sa'tio, Cath'eterism, Catheteriza'tion, Immia'no
Cathete'ris, same etymon. The introduction of a
catheter or sound into a natural passage, as
through the urethra into the bladder or into the
Eustachian tube, larynx, <fec. Also, probing a
wound. Melosis.
CATHETERIZATION, Catheterismus.
CATH'ETERIZE. To perform the oper-ition
of catheterism, — in other words, to introduce the
catheter: to probe or sound a cavity.
CATHID'RYSIS, from Ka^iipvw, ' I place to-
gether.' Reduction of a part to its natural situation.
CATHMIA, Plumbi oxydum semi-vitreum.
CATHMIR. Calamina.
CATH'ODIC, Cathod'icus; from Ka6\ 'down-
wards,' and b&os, 'a way.' An epithet applied by
Dr. Marshall Hall to a downward course of ner-
vous action.
CATH'OLIC HUMOURS, (F.) Hnmeura (la-
tholiqiies, are the fluids spread over the whole
body.
CATHOLICON, Panacea.
Cathol'kon Duplex. An ancient purging
electuary, chiefly composed of cassia, tamarinds,
rhubarb, senna, &c.
CATIL'LIA. A weight of nine ounces.
CATILLUS, Cup.
CATINUS FUSORIUS, Crucible.
CATLING, Knife, double-edged.
CATNEP, Nepeta Cataria.
CATO, KUTu), 'below,' 'beneath.' ..his word,
in the writings of Jlippocrates, is often u.^cd for
the abdomen, especially the intestines. Wheri he
advises a remedy kutw, he means a purgative;
when avu), 'above or upwards,' an emetic. As *
prefix, Cato means 'beneath,' as in
C A T 0 C A T H A R'T I C, Catocathar'ticM.ftoa
Kane, 'downwards,' and xu^atpo), 'I purge.' A
medicine which purges downwards. One that
produces alvine evacuations. ?he antithesis to
Anacathartic.
CATOCHA_GALENr, Catalepsy.
CAT'OCIIE, Cat'ocheie, Cat'ochm, from WX"'
CATOCIIUS
179
CAULORRIIAGIA
'T retain,' 'I hold fast.' This word has, by some,
liccn used synonymously with Catalepsy; by
others, with Coma vigil; by others, with Tetanus.
CATOCIIUS. Catoche, Ecstasis — c. Cervinus,
Tetanus— c. Ilolotoiiicus, Tetanus — c. Infantum,
Induration of the cellular tissue.
CATOMIS'MOS, from Karin, 'beneath,' and
<i>lio(, 'shoulder;' Siibliumern'lio. A mode with
the ancients of reducing luxation of the humerus
by raising the body by the arm.— Paulus of ^gina.
CATOI'TER, Speculum.
CATOP'TRIC, Catop'tnciix, (F.) Cntoptrique,
from KuTotTTfiii or KaTonrpov, 'a mirror.' Relating
or appertaining to Catoptrics or the reflection of
light.
Catop'tric Examination of the Eye. When
a lighted candle is held before the eye, the
pupil of which has been dilated by belladonna,
three images of it are seen — two erect, and
one inverted : — the former owing to reflection
from the cornea and anterior surface of the crys-
talline; the latter owing to reflection from the
posterior layer of the crystalline inverted, and
between the other two. This mode of examining
the eye has been proposed as a means of diagno-
sis between cataract and amaurosis. In the laUer,
all the images are seen.
CATOPTROMANCY, from Karonrpov, (Kara,
iinii orrroiiai), 'a mirror,' and ftavrcia, 'divination.'
A kind of divination by means of a mirror
CATOPTRON, Speculum.
CATORCHI'TES. A kind of sour wine, pre-
pared with the orchis and black grape, or dried
figs. It was formerly employed as a diuretic and
eairaenagogue.— Dioscorides. Called, also, Si/ci'-
tei. — Galen.
CATORRTTCUS, Purgative.
CATOTERICUS, Purgative.
CATO'TICA, from Knru,. 'beneath.' Diseases
infecting internal surfaces. Pravity of the fluids
or emunctories, that open on the internal surfaces
of organs. The second order in the class Eccri-
tkn of (jood.
CATOX'YS, Peracn'ttm, from Kara, 'an inten-
pi^ve,' and ofuj, 'acute.' Highly acute; as JIforOus
Vutoxt/D, M. Peracu'tuH, a very acute disease.
CATS' EYP;. A name, under which several
morbid conditions of the eye would appear to
have been confounded — all agreeing, however, in
presenting an opalescent appearance of the pupil
or of the bottom of the eye ; those parts reflect-
ingthe light in various colours, or, at least, with
various degrees of intensity, according to the
direction in which the eye is turned. This ap-
pearance was compared by Beer to the reflection
from the tapetum of the eye of the cat.— Mac-
kenzie.
Cat's eve. Amaurotic, see Amaurotic.
Cat's foot, Antennaria dioica.
Cat's phhh, Fi-emissemeut Cataire.
CATTAGATIMA, Cambogia.
CATTITEROS, Tin.
CATULOTICA, Cicatrisantia.
CATU'RUS SPICIFLO'RUS, (Karra, Catiis,
'a cat.' and ovpa, 'tail,') Ciiiuia felix, from the
Fhape of its flowers. Acal'yphn hWpida. An
East Indian shrub. Order, Euphorbi.aceae ; used
III its native country, in decoction, in diarrhoea
and dysentery.
CAtU-TRiPALI. Piper longum.
CAUCALIS CAROTA, Daucus carota— c. Sa-
nioula, Sanicula.
CAUCALOIDES, Patella.
CATCASIAN, see Homo.
CAUCHEMAR. Incubus.
CAVCUHVIEfLLE, Incubus.
CAUCIIUC, Cnoutchouc.
CAUDA, see Clitorism, Coccyx, Penis.
Cauda Equi'.va. The spinal marrow, at its
termination, about the second lumbar vertebra,
gives ofi'a considerable number of nerves, which)
when unravelled, resemble a horse's tail ; hence
the name; (F.) Queue de Chei-ul, Q. de la Moelle
Epiniere. See Medulla Spinalis.
Cauda Felis, Caturus— c.f. Agrestis, Acalypha
betulina.
Cauda Salax, Penis.
CAUDAL, Caudate, Cauda'lis, Canda'tua; from
Cauda, 'a tail.' Relating or appertaining to a
tail. Having a tail or tail-like appendage:—
as 'caudal OT caudate cells or corpuscles' — cells
or corpuscles having a tail-like appendage, as in
cancerous growths.
CAUDATE, Caudal.
CAUDATIO, Clitorism.
CAUDATUS, Bicaudatus.
CAUDEX CEREBRI, Peduncles of the brain.
CAUDIEZ, MINERAL WATERS OF. Cau-
diez IS a small town, nine leagues from Perpig-
nan, in France, where there is a thermal spring,
containing a little sulphate of soda and iron.
CAUDLE, Cowdel, (F.) Chaudcau, from chaud,
'warm or hot.' A nourishing gruel given to wo-
men during the childbed state. The following is
a form for it : Into a pint of tine gruel, not thick,
put, whilst it is boiling hot, the yolk of an egg
beaten with sugar, and mixed with a large spoon"
ful of cold water, a glass of wine, and nutmeg.
Mix the whole well together. Brandy is some-
times substituted for the wine, and lemon peel
or capillaire added. It is also sometimes made
of gruel and beer, with sugar and nutmeg.
CAUL, from (L.) caula, 'a fold,' Pihis, Pile'-
olus. Ga'lea, Vitta, (F.) Coeffe, Ooiffe — {£.u-e ni
coiffe—'Ui be born with a caul.') The English
Tiame for the omentum. When a child is born
with the membranes over the face, it is said to
have been 'born with a caul.' In the catalosrue
of superstitions, this is one of the favourable
omens. The caul itself is supposed to confer
privileges upon the possessor; hence the mem-
branes are dried, and sometimes sold for a high
price. See Epiploon.
CAULE'DON, Uicye'don, from (cauXof, 'a stalk,'
A transverse fracture.
CAU'LIFLOWER, (G.) Kohl, 'cabbage,' and
Jlotrer [?], Brassica Florida.
Cauliflower Exchescence, (F.) Chnujievr.
An excrescence, which appears about the origin
of the mucous membranes, chiefly about the anus
and vulva, and which resembles, in appearance,
the head of the cauliflower. It is often syphilitic
in its character.
Cauliflower Excrescence of the Uterus,
Ifetrohot'ri/fes. A morbid growth from a part,
or the whole, of the circumference of tfie os
uteri; and, at times, from the surface of the
cavity of the uterus. It is doubtful whether its
progress can be arrested except by excision.
CAULIS, Penis — c. Florida, Brassica Florida.
CAULOPIIYL'LUM TIIALICTROI'DES,
(KavXoi, 'a stalk or stem,' and (pvWov. 'a leaf;' so
called because the leaf-stalks appear like a con-
tinuation of the stem.) Leou'tke thalictroi'den,
lilueherry Cohosh, Cohosh, Cohush, Blue Cohosh,
niueberri/. Papoose Hoot, Squaw Hoot, Blue Gin-
seng, Yellow Ginseng, a plant of the Famih/ Ber-
berideae ; AVj-. Si/st. Hexandria Monogynia, 'which
grows all over the United States, flowering in May
and .June. The infusion of the root is much used
by the Indians in various diseases. To it are
ascribed cmmenagogue and diaphoretic virtue*
C.AULOPLE'GIA, from Kav\os, 'the male or-
gan,' and vXriyr,. 'a wound,' or 'stroke.' An in-
jury or paralysis of the male organ
CAULORRUAGIA, Stimatosis-c. Ejaeulato-
CAULORRHCEA BENIGNA
180
ria, Spermato-cystidorrhagia — c. Stillatitia, Ure-
throrrhagia.
CAULORRIICEA BENIGNA, Gonorrhoea
pura.
CAULUS, Penis.
CAUMA, Kav/ia, 'a burnt part,' from koioi, 'I
burn.' Great heat of the body or atmosphere.
Synocha, Empresma.
Cadma Bronchitis, Cynarehe trachealis — c.
Carditis, Carditis — c. Enteritis, Enteritis — c.
Gastritis, Gastritis — c. Ilcemorrhagicum, Hiemor-
rhagia activa — c. Hepatitis, Hepntitis — c. Oph-
thalmitis, Ophthalmia— c. Peritonitis, Peritonitis
— c. Phrenitis, Phrenitis — c. Pleuritis, Pleuritis
— c. Podagrieiim, Gout — c. llheumatismus, Rheu-
matism, acute.
CAUMATO'DES, Cnnmate'nis, from Kav/ia,
•fire, heat.' Burning hot. Febris caumatu'des,
F. cniiso'dcu. Inflammatory fever. Synocha.
CAUNGA, Areca.
CAUSA CONJUNCTA, Cause, proximate— c.
Continens, Cause, proximate.
CAUSAE ABDIT^E, Causes, predisponent or
remote — c. Actuales, Causes, occasional — c. Pra3-
incipientes. Causes, procatarctic — c. Proegume-
nae, Causes, predisponent.
CAUSE, Ccih'sii, Ai'tid, Ai'tion. An act which
precedes another, and seems to be a necessary
condition for the concurrence of the latter. The
causes of disease are generally extremely ob-
scure ; although they, sometimes, are evident
enough. The predisponent and occuxioiuxl causes
are the only two on which any stress can be
laid ; but as authors have divided them differ-
ently, a short explanation is necessary.
Cause, Ac'cessory, (F.) Came Accessoire.
One which has only a secondary influence in the
production of disease.
Causes, Accident'al, Common Cannes, (F.)
Causei Accidentel/es, are those which act only
in certain given conditions ; and which do not
always produce the same disease. Cold, e. g.,
may be the accidental cause of pneumonia, rheu-
matism, &c.
CAUSES CACHE ES, C. occult— c. Common,
C. accidental— c. Exciting, C. Occasional — c. E
sential, C. Specific — c. Determinuntes, C. Specific
— c. Eloigneen, C. Predisponent.
Causes, External, (F.) Cnn&es exterves, are
such as act externally to the individual; as air,
cold, &.C.
CAUSES F0R3IELLES {¥.), are such as
determine the form or kind of disease. They
differ from the Canses matei'ielles, which are
common to a set of diseases ; as, to the neuroses,
phlegmasiae, Ac.
Causes, Hidden, C. Occult — c. Immediate, C.
essential.
Causes, Intern'al, (F.) Cannes Internes, are
those which arise within the body ; as mental
emotions, <tc.
Causes, Mechan'ical, (P.) Causes m^cnniques,
are those which act mechanically, as pressure
upon the windpipe in inducing suffocation.
Causes, Negative, (F.) Causes nhfatlves, com-
prise all those things, the privation of which
may derange the functions ; — as abstinence too
long continued. They are opposed to positive
rauses, which, of themselves, directly induce dis-
ease ; — as the use of indigestible food, spirituous
drinks, &c.
Causes, Obscure, C. Occult.
Causes, Occa'sional, Erci'ting Causes, Causes
actua'lcs, (F.) Causes occasioneUes, are those
which immediately produce disease. The occa-
sional causes have been divided into the cogniz-
able and non-cognizable. — C. J. B. Williams.
Exciting
Causes
OP
Disease.
CAUSTICITY
I. Cognizable Agentt.
1. Mechanical.
2. Cliemical.
.3. Ingcsta.
4. Bodily exertion.
5. Mental emotion.
6. Excessive evacuation.
7. Suppressed or defective evacua.
tion.
8. Defective cleanliness, ventilation,
and draining.
9. Temperature and changes.
II. Non-Cognizable Agentt.
1. Endemic.
2. Epidemic. \ Poisons.
3. Infectious.
Causes, Occult', Hidden causes, Obscure cmmn,
(F.) Causes occidtes ou cavkecs ou ohsrnres. Any
causes with which we are unacquainted; also,
certain inappreciable characters of the atmo-
sphere, which give rise to epidemics.
Causes, Phvs'ical, (F.) Causes Physiquei,—
those which act by virtue of their physical pro-
perties ; as form, hardness, &c. All vulnerating
bodies belong to this class.
Causes, Physiolog"ical, (F.) Causes Phijmn-
loyiques, those which act only on living mattev;
— narcotics, for example.
Causes, Predispo'nent, C. predispo'sing, Re-
mote causes, Causa proegu'meua. Causa ah'dita,
Causa remo'to' ; (F.) Causes predinpoimnteii,
Causes (.loignees, — those which render the body
liable to disease. They may be genernU affcctini,'
a number of people, or particular, affecting only
one person.
Causes, Phin'cipal, (F.) Causes prindpahi,
— those which exert the chief influence on (he
production of disease, as distinguished from the
accessory causes.
Causes, Puocatarc'tic, Causm procatarc'lice,
Caus(B prain'cijiien'tes, from TrpoKurnpitnitoj, ' tbo
origin or beginning of a thing,' {"•/)«, ' before,' and
KaTaj}X(>>, ' I begin.') These words have been used
with different significations. Some have era-
ployed them synonymously with predisponent or
remote causes; others with occasional OT exciting
causes.
CAUSE PROCHATNE, C. proximate.
Cause, Prox'imate, Causa prox'inia sen ton-
tineus seu conjum'ta. (F.) Cause coutiueiile ou pro-
chaine, may be the disease itself. Superabundance
of blood, e. g., is the proximate cause of plethora.
Causes, Remote, C. predisponent.
Causes, Specif'ic, Essen'tial or hwie'dn'tt
causes, &c., (F.) Causes specif <]ues, C. CHSentiellti,
C. deierminautes ; — those which produce a deter-
minate disease.
CAUSIS, Burn, Ebullition, Fermentation, In-
cendium, Ilstion.
CAUSOMA, Inflammation.
CAUS'TIC, Caus'ticns, Cauteret'icus, Diarcl'-
ieus, Ero'dens, Adu'rcns, Urens, Pi/rul'iciis, from
Kotu, 'I burn,' Kuvaoi, 'heat.' (F.) Causl'f-
Bodies which have the property of causticity;
and which, consequently, burn or disorganiie
animal substances. The wonl is also used snlt-
stantively. The most active are called Eschanl-
ics. Caustics are also termed 'corrosives.
Caustic Bearer, Porte-pierre — c. Paste, Can-
quoin's, Pasta Zinci chlnridi.
CAUSTICA ADUSTIO, Cauterization.
CAUSTICITY, Caustic"itas, from KaMuW,
'that which burns,' (xaiu), ' I burn.') The inipri-'-
sion which caustic bodies make on the organ »f
taste; or, more commonly, the property which
distinguishes those bodies.
CAUSTiOOPIIORUM
181
CAVERNOUS
CAUSTICOI'irORUM, Pnrle-pierre.
CAIIS'TICUM iETlIIOP'ICUM, Unguen'tum
Jfehiii'iriim cnnH'tiriun. A sort of paste, maclt" by
riil)l)iri;; powdered nuffrun with concentrated »ul-
phiiiii: (icid, recommended by Velpeau as a caus-
tic ill cases of (gangrenous and carcinomatous ul-
cers. The acid is the caustic: the saCFrou, the
constituent merely.
Caiisticcm Ai,kali\um, Potafsa fusa — c. Ame-
ricanum, Veratrutn sabadilla — c. Autimoniale,
Antimonium muriatum.
CaijSTICUM CoMMIl'Ni5, Polen'tinl Cautery, Com-
mon O'liiitir, Catite'rium potent in' le, Lopia aep'-
ticua, C'lua'tirnm conimu'ne mit'ius. This con-
sists of quicklime and black soap, of each equal
parts.
CAUSTiotTM CoHMirNR, Potassa fusa — c. Com-
mune acerrimum, Potassa fusa — c. Commune for-
tius, Potassa cum calce — c. Luiiare, Argenti nitras
— c. Piitentiale, Potassa fusa — c. Salinum, Po-
tassa fusa — c. Viennense fusum Filhos, see Pow-
der, Vienna.
CAUSTIQUE, Caustic— c. Filhna, see Powder,
Vienna — c de Viennc, Powder, Vienna.
CAUSUS, from Kaiia, ' I burn,' Kauffoj, 'heat.'
A hijjlily ardent fever ; Den'rena. Piiiel regards
it as a complication of bilious and inflammatory
fever; Broussais, as an intense gastritis, accom-
panied with bilious symptoms. See Synocha.
Causi's, Endkmial, op the West Indies,
Fever, Yellow — c. Tropicus endemicus, Fever,
Yellow.
CAUTER, Cauterium.
CAUTERE, Cauterium, Fonticulus — c. Inlie-
rent, Inherent cautery.
CAUTERETICUS, Caustic.
CAUTERETS, iMINERAL WATERS OF.
Cmitcrets is a Imiir;/ seven leajruos from BarSges
(Ifiiiiii-a-Pi/n'ii^ea.) France. The waters are hy-
rirosulphurous and thermal — temperature 123° F.
Tiicy are used in the same cases as the 13ar6ges
water.
CAUTERIASMUS. Cauterization.
CAUTE'RIIIM, C. actua'le, Canter, Can'tery,
fniiato' rill III, Ritpto'riuin, lynia actiia'lia, from
if'jiiD, 'I burn,' KavTijp, 'a burner.' (F.) Cniitire,
Fen nctiiel. A substance, used for 'firing,' burn-
ing or disorganizing the parts to which it is ap-
plied. Cauteries were divided by the ancients
into actiiid and potciitinl. The word is now re-
stricted to the red-hot iron ; or to positive burn-
ing. It was. formerly, much used for preventing
hemorrhage from divided arteries ; and also with
the s,nme views as a blister. The terra Poten'iinl
Cnnteri/, Caiite' riiim potciitiu'le, li/iiia potentia'lia,
(F.) Feu potentiel, was generally applied to the
eiiuaticum commune, but it is now used synony-
mously with caustic in general. Cautere also
means an issue.
CAUTEnirM AcTUALE, Cauterium.
CAUTERIZA'TION. Cmiteriaa'tio, Caiiteriaa'-
niiis, E.ruH'tio, Iiius'tio, Caus'ticn Adua'tio. Firing.
The effect of a cautery or caustic. The French,
amongst whom cauterization is much used, dis-
tinguished five kinds: 1. Canteriaation Inlierente,
which consists in applying the actual cautery
freely, and with a certain degree of force, so as
to disorganize deeply. 2. Cauth-iantion trnna-
enrrente, which consists in passing the edge of
the C<iut!>re cultellnire, or the point of the Cauth-e
conique lightly, so as not to disorganize deeply.
3. Caulfriaation par pointea, whieh consists in
applying on the skin, here and tliere, the hot
point of the conical cautery, with sufficient force
to cauterize the whole thickness of the skin. 4.
Ctiuth-iaation lente, alow cauterization, by means
of the moxa. 6. Cautirisation objective, which
consists in holding the cautery at some distance
from the part to be acted upon by it.
Cau'teiuze; Cauatico adurere ; (F.) Cau-
teriaer. To apply a cautery or caustic. To burn
with a cautery or caustic.
CAUTERY, Cauterium — c. Galvanic, see Moxa
— c. Potential, Causticum commune, Cauterium.
CAVA, Vulva.
Cava Ve.na, Vena hepati'tca. The hollow or
deep-seated vein. (F.) Veine cave. A name
given to the two great veins of the body, which
meet at the right auricle of the heart. The vena
cava anpe'rior, thoriic"ica seu deaccn'dena, is
formed by the union of the subclavians; and re-
ceives successively, before its termination at the
upper part of the right auricle, the inferior thy-
roid, rii/ht internal mammary, superior diaphrag-
matic, azygoa, <fec. The vena cava iii/e'rior, ab-
doinina' lis seu ascen'dena, arises from the union
of the two primary iliacs, opposite the fourth or
fifth lumbar vertebra, receives the middle sacral,
lumbar, right apcrmatic, hepatic, and inferior dia-
phragmatica, and oi)ens at the posterior and in-
ferior part of the right auricle.
CAVATIO, Cavity.
CAVEA, Cavity — c. Narium, Nares.
CAVER'NA, Antrum. 'A cavern.' This term
has been used for the female organs of generation.
Sec Cavity, and Vulva.
Caveuna Nauium, Nares.
Cavehn^ Dentium, Alveoli dentiuin — c.
Frontis, Frontal Sinuses.
CA VERNEUX, Cavernous.
CAVERNOUS, Caverno'aiia, (F.) Caveriieux.
Filled with small cavities or caverns, — as a
sponge.
Cavernous Bodies, Cor'pora Cavemoa'a of tho
penis, Cor'2}ora nervo'sa seu Ner' veo-apongio' aa
Penia, (F.) Corps Caverneux. The corpus caver-
nosum is a kind of cylindrical sac, composed of
cells; separated, through its whole extent, by a
vertical, incomplete septum, Septum pectinifor'-
me, Trabec'ulcB cor'porum cavernoao'rum, and
forming nearly two-thirds of the penis. The
corpua cavernoanm, on each side, arises from the
ascending portion of the ischium, and terminates
obtusely behind the glans. The arteries of the
corpora cavernosa come from the internal pudic.
See Helicine Arteries. Nerves are found on the
surface of the outer membrane, but they do not
appear to penetrate the substance, and the smooth
muscular fibre has been traced into the fibrous
parietes of the cells, as in the case of all erectile
tissues.
J. Miiller's researches have led him to infer,
that both in man and the horse, the nerves of the
corpora cavernosa are made up of branches pro-
ceeding from the organic as well as the animal
system, whilst the nerves of animal life alone
provide the nerves of sensation of the penis.
Cavernous Bodies, Corpora Cavernoaa of the
CHt'oris, are two hollow crura, forming the clit-
oris.
Cavernous Body of the Vagi'na, Corpus Ca-
oerno'aum Vagi'iKP, Plexus retiform'is, is a sub-
stance composed of blood-vessels and cells, simi-
lar to those of the penis and clitoris, which covers
the outer extremity of the vagina, on each side.
It serves to contract the entrauce to the vagina
during coition.
Cavernous Ganglion, see Carotid or Carotio
Nerve.
Cavernous Respira'tion. AVhen a cavity
exists in the lungs, and one or more ramifications
of the bronchia terminate in it, a loud tubal noise
is emitted, provided the cavity be not filled with
fluid, which is called cavernous reapiration. In
this condition, the cough is cavernous likewise,
(F.) Toux Caverneuse. When the capacity of the
CAVERNULOUS RHONCIIUS 182
CELANDINE
cavern is very great, the sound of the respiration
is like that produced by blowing into a decanter,
•with the mouth at a little distance from the neck.
This kind of cavernous respiration has been called
amphoric, from amphora, 'a flask;' (F.) Renpi-
ratioH amphoriqne, Souffle amphorique, S. mital-
liqne.
The Veiled Puff, (F.) Souffle voile, is a modi-
fication of the cavernous respiration, in which,
according to Laennec, "a sort of movable veil
interposed between the excavation and the ear"
seems to be agitated to and fro. It is a sign
■which is not attended to.
Cavkrnoos Rhoncuus, see Cavernous Respi-
ration, and Grurgling.
Caveunous Sinus, Sinus Caverno'sus seu poly-
nior'jjhns seu sphetioida'lis, lieccptac' nlum sellcB
equi'iice lat'eribus appos'itum, (F.) Sinus caver-
iieux. The Cav'enious Si'nnses are venous cavi-
ties of the dura mater, filled with a multitude of
reddish, soft filaments, intersecting each other;
and, as it were, reticulated. They commence
behind the inner part of the sphenoid fissure,
pass backwards on the sides of the fossa pitui-
taria, and terminate by opening into a cavity,
common to the superior and inferior petrosal
sinuses. They receive some meningeal veins, the
ophthalmic veins, <fec. The anterior extremity
of each cavernous sinus has been named the
vphthal' mic sinus.
Cavkunous Texture or Tissue, Tela caver-
no'sa, (F.) Tissu caverneux. The spongy sub-
Stance which forms the greater part of the penis
and clitoris. It seems to consist of a very com-
plicated lace-work of arteries and veins ; and,
probably, of nervous filaments, with small fibrous
plates, which form by their decussation numerous
cells communicating with each other. This
spongy texture produces erection, by dilating and
swelling on the influx of blood; and probably,
also, by virtue of some property inherent in it.
Caveunous Whisper. A blowing sound, heard
over cavities when words are whispered. — A.
Flint.
CAVERNULOUS RHONCIIUS, see Gurgling.
CAVIALE, Caviare.
CAVIARE', Caviar, Caviale, Knviac, A culi-
nary preparation, much used by certain people,
and made, on the shores of the Black and Caspian
Seas, from the roe of the sturgeon, mixed with
salt and other condiments,
CAVIC'ULA, Cdvll'lci, from cavus, 'hollow.'
The ankle or space between the malleoli. Some
have given this name to the os cuneiforme. See
Astragalus.
CAVICUL^ PEDIS NODUS, Tarsus.
CAVILLA, Astragalus, Cnvicula.
CAVITAS ANTliOSA AURIS, Tympanum—
c. Buocinata. Cochlea — c. Cochleata, Cochlea — c.
Digitata ventriculi lateralis, Cornu posterius ven-
triculi lateralis.
Cav'itas Emjp'tica, Ampulla, Sinus ampnl-
la'ceus. A dilatation at one end of the semicir-
cular canals of the ear.
Cavitas Humeri Glenoides, see Glenoid — c.
Narium, Nares — c. Oculi, Orbit — c. Oris, Mouth
— c. Pulpas, see Tooth.
CAVITATES CEREBRI, Ventricles of the
brain — c. Durae matris, Sinuses of the dura mater
— c. Innominata;, Aiiricles of the heart — c. Inter-
scapulares, see Interscapularis.
CA VITE, Cavity — c. Dentaire, Dental cavity —
c. dea Epiploons, see Peritonaeum — c. du Tympan,
Tympanum.
CAVITY, Cav'itas, Cavum, Cce'lofes, Coelon,
Ca'vea, Cnver'na, Cava'tio, (F.) Cavile. The
hollow of anything, as of the cranium, mouth,
nasal fossas, <fec.
Cavities, Splanchnic, (F.) Cavitas sphnd.
niques, arc those which contain the viscera.
They are three in number : — the cranium, chest,
and abdomen. Tiie cavities of bones, connecti'il
with joints or otherwise, are described under
their particular denominations.
CAVUM, Cavity— c. Abdominis, see Abdomen.
Cavum Ciia'nii, Venter Supre'mus. The cavity
formed by the proper bones of the cranium.
Cavum Dentis, see Tooth — c. Media.>*tini, sc«
Mediastinum — c. Narium. Nasal fossie, Nares— c.
Oris, Mouth — c. Pericardii, see Pericardium— c.
Thoracis, see Thorax — c. Tympani, Tympanum.
CAYAN, Phaseolus Creticus.
CAZABI, Jatropha manihot.
CEANOTHOS, Cirsium afvcnse.
CEANOTHUS AMERICANUS, Celastrus-c,
Trinervis, Celastrus.
CEAR, Heart.
CEASMA, Fissure.
CEBI GALLI'NiE. The liver of the fowl,
bruised. — Castelli.
CEBIP'ARA. A large Brazilian tree, whose
bitter and astringent bark is used in making anti-
rheumatic baths and fomentations.
CEROCEPHALE, Ceboceph'olus, from Knjiiis,
'an ape,' and KttpaXrj, 'a head.' A genus of niuii.
sters, in which the nose does not project, and the
interocular region is narrow and plane, so as lo
give the physiognomy a striking rcseinhlance to
that of the American ape. — I. G. St. Ililairo.
CECES, see Quercus alba.
CECITE, Csecitas.
CECITY, Ctecitas.
CEDAR, RED, Juniperus Virginiana — c.
White, Cupressus thyoides.
CEDEIA, Embalming.
CEDMA, Aneurism, Varix.
CED'MATA, Kt&jxara. Rheumatic pains of the
joints, especially of the hips, groin, or genital
organs. A form of gout or rheumatism.
CEDRAT, Citrus medica.
CEDRELA FEBRIFUGA, Swictenia fcbri-
fuga.
CEDRELE'UM, from Kchpoi, 'the cedar,' and
tKaiov, 'oil.' The oil of cedar. — Pliny.
CE'DRIA, Ce'drium, Ce'drinum, Cedri ho'-
ryma, Alkitran. The oil or resin which flows
from the cedar of Lebanon. It was supposed to
possess great virtues. — Hippocrates, Foesiu*,
Scribonius Largus, Dioscorides. It has been
supposed to be the same as the pyroligneuus
acid. See Pinus Svlvestris.
CE'DRINUM VINUM, Cedar Wine. A wine
prepared by steeping half a pound of bruistJ
cedar berries in six French pints of sweet wine.
It is diuretic and subastringent.
CEDRI'TES, from Ktb^oi, 'the cedar.' A wine
prepared from the resin of cedar and sweet wine.
It was formerly employed as a vermifuge, Ac.
CEDRIUM, Cedria.
CEDROMELA, see Citrus medica.
CEDRON, see Simaba cedron.
CEDRONELLA, Melissa — c. Triphylla, Dr^
cocephalum canariense.
OEDROS, Juniperus Ij'cia.
CEDROSTIS, Bryonia alba.
CEDRUS BACCIFERA, Juniperus sabina-
c. Mahogaiii, Swietenia mahogani.
CEINTURE, Cingulum, Herpes zoster-f-
Blanche de la choro'ide, Ciliary lignment — «•
Bart reuse. Herpes zoster — c. de Jlildunt, Ci|i-
gulum llildani — c. de Saint-Jean, Artemi*'*
vulgaris — v. de Vif Argent, Cingulum mer-
curialo.
CELANDINE, Impatiens — c. Common, Cbeli-
donium majus — c. Lesser, Ranunculus ficaria-c-
Poppy, Stylophorum diphyllum.
CELASTRUS
183
CELOLOGIA
CELAS'TRUS, Celnn'tm, Cmno'thm Americn'-
nuH sen Iriiier'vls, New Jerseij Tpai, Red Hout, (F.)
Tli( (te Jfrnei/. Used by the American Indians,
in the .«an)e manner as lobelia, for the cure of
syphilis. It is slightly bitter and somewhat as-
tringent. A strong infusion of the dried leaves
and seeds has been recommended in aphthiC, and
as a gargle in scarlatina.
Cki.astrus Scandkns, Clhuhing Stnffti-ee. A
climbing American shrub, the bark of which is
said to possess emetic, diaphoretic, and narcotic
properties.
Cb'LAT/ON, (F.) Concealment, from celare,
'to conceal.' A word used by French medico-
legal writers for cases where there has been con-
cealment of pregnancy or delivery.
CELE, Kn^n, 'a tumour, protrusion, or rupture;'
a very common suffix, as in hydrocele, bubono-
cele, ftc. See Hernia.
CEL'ERY, (F.) Celcri. The English name for
a variety of Apium graveolens.
Cki.kuv, Wild, Bubon galbanum.
CEfjETA, see Hernial.
CELIA, Cerevisia.
cHlIAQUK, Coeliac.
CELINE, Melissa.
CELIS, (ff/>i?, 'a spot, a stain.' A macula, or
spot on the skin.
CELL, Cella. A small cavity. The same sig-
nificaticm as cellule. Also, a vesicle compose<l
of a membrnnous cell-wall, with, usually, liciuid
contents. The whole organized body may be re-
garded as a congeries of cells having different
endowments, each set being concerned in special
acts, connected with absorption, nutrition, and
secretion, wherever an action of selection or ela-
boration has to be effected. These colls arc gene-
riilly termed primary, elrmcntary, or primordial.
When they give rise to other cells, they are, at
times, termed parent or mother celts ; the result-
ing cells being termed daiif/hter celln.
Cki.l, Apoplkctic, see Apoplectic cell — c. Bone,
Lacuna of bone — c. Bronchic, Cellule, bronehic
— c. Calcigerous, see Tooth — c. Daughter, see
Cell — c. Elementary, see Cell.
Ckll, EpinEu'Mic or Epithe'lial. The cells
or corpuscles that cover the free membranous sur-
faces of the body, and which form the epidermis
and epithelium, are termed 'epidermic or epithe-
lial cells.' They are developed from germs fur-
nished by the subj.acent membrane.
Cr.tL, Epithelial, Cell, epidermic — c. Fat, see
Fatty vesicles.
Ckll Forcr. The plastic or formative force
seated in a cell, by the agency of which the dif-
ferent tissues are developed. See Cell Life.
Cell Formation, Cytogeny — c. Genesis, Cy-
togeny — c. Germ, Cytoblast, see Molecule — c.
Germinal, see Cytoblast — c. Nucleated, see Cyto-
blast.
Cell Life. The life which is possessed by
the separate cells that form the tissues, and by
which the nutrition of the tissues is presumed to
be effecte<l.
Cell, Mother, see Cell — c. Osseous, Lacuna
of bone — c. Parent, see Cell.
Cell, Pi(iMRST. Pigment cells are mingled
with the epidermic cells, and are most manifest
in the coloured races. They are best seen on the
inner surface of the choroid of the eye, where
they form the piymentum niyritm.
Ckll, Primauv, see Cell — c Primordial, see
Cell— c. Sperm, see Sperm — c. Wall, see Cell.
CELL.\, Cell — c. Media, see Ventricles of the
Brain— c. Turcica, Sella Turcica.
CEL'LOID, Celloi'dea, badly compounded from
cella, and aSo^, 'resemblance.' Resembling a
cell or cellule.
CELLULA, Cellule.
CELLULE COLI, see Colon— c. Acre», Cel-
lules, bronchic — c. Bronchicse, see Cellule — c.
Mastoideae, Mastoid cells — c. MeduUares, see
Medullary membrane — c. Pulmonales, Cellules
bronchic, see Pulmo — c. Sanguinis, Globules of
the blood.
CEL'LULAR, Cellula'ria, Cellulo'auo, (F.) Cei
lidaire. Composed of cells or cellules, from celln
or cellida, 'a cell.'
Cel'lulau Membrane, Memhra'na cellulo'sa
seu Cellula'ria, — M. adipo'aa seu pinrjuedino'aa,
of some, Pannic'ulns adipo'aus, — Membrane
formed of cellular tissue, (F.) Membrane cellu-
laire. Generally used for the tissue itself.
Cellular System. The whole of the cellular
tissue of the human body.
Cellular Tissue, Tela cellula'ria seu celhdo'-
aa seu Hippoc'ratin crihro'an, Eth'nnjphe, Contex'-
tua celhilo'aua, Jlelicula'ted, JUamentoun, laminated,
crih'riform, porous, are'olar, connec'tit^e, and
mucous Tissue, Ketic'ular or cellular substance,
(F.) Tiasu celliilaira, riticule, Inmiueux, crihlen.r,
pnreux, areolaire, niuqueux, conjonctif, Ethmose of
Piorry, &c., is the most common of all the organic
tissues. It contains irregular areolae between
the fibres, as well as serum, fat, and the adipous
tissue. Of the fibres, some are of the yellow elas-
tic kind; but the greater part are of the white
fibrous tissue, and they frequently present the
form of broad flat bands, in which no distinct
fil)rous arrangement is perceptible. See Fibrous.
The cellular tissue or texture unites every part
of the body, determines its shape, and by its
elasticity and contractility, and by the fluid
which it contains in its cells, facilitates the mo-
tion of parts on each other.
Cellular tissue has been divided by anatomists
into the external, general or common cellular
tissue — te.rtuH cellula'ria interme'dius seu laxua,
which does not penetrate the organs, — the cellu-
lar texture which forms the envelopes of organs
— tcxtus cellula'ria strictus, and that which pene-
trates into the organs, accompanying and enve-
loping all their parts, — the Icvtus cellula'ria sti-
pa'tus, constituting the basis of all the organs.
It has likewise been termed Textua organ'icue
seu parenchyma' lis.
Cellular Tissue of Bones, see Caneelli.
CEL'LULE, Cel'lula, diminutive of cella, 'a
cavity.' A small cavity. (F.) Cellule. Cellules
are the small cavities between the laminse of the
cellular tissue, corpora cavernosa, Ac.
Cellules or Cells, BRONcnic, Cel'hda Bron'-
chiccB seu Pulmonn'les seu Ae'rem, Pari pulmo' -
num, Vcsic'ulce pulmonales. The air-cells of the
lungs. See Pulmo.
CELLULES BRONCHIQUES, Bronchial
cells — c. des Oa, Lacunae of Bone — c. Oaseusea,
LacunsB of Bone.
CELLULITIS VENENATA, see Woun^I.
CELLULO- FIBROUS TUMOUR, Tumour,
fibro-cellular.
CEL'LULOSE, same etymon as Cellule. The
substance which is left after the action upon any
kind of vegetable tissue of such solvents as are
fitted to dissolve out the matter deposited in its
cavities and interstices. The tunicated or asci-
dian mollusca have, in their integuments, a con-
siderable quantity of it, and it exists in the Cor-
pora ainylacea of the brain and other parts. It
is identical with starch, in the proportion of its
constituents, and forms the principal part of the
thickness of the walls of the cells, vessels, Ac, of
which the vegetable organism is composed.
CELLULOSUS, Cellular.
CELOLOG"IA, from ici;Xi;, 'rupture,' and Xoyoj,
CELOSOMUS
184
CENTRAL
' A discourse.' The doctrine of Iicrnia. A trea-
tise on lie'nia.
CELOSO'MUS, from KriXrj, 'a rupture,' and
ctiijia, ' i)i)ily.' A monster in which the trunlt is
malt'ormed, and eventration or displacement of
the viscera exists.
CELOTES. see Hernial.
CELOTOM'IA, Kelotom'ia, Celot'omy, from
nijAi;, 'a rupture,' and Tc/tvciv, 'to cut.' An ope-
ration, formerly employed for the radical cure of
inguinal hernia: which consisted, principally, in
jiassing a ligature round the hernial sac and sper-
matic vessels. It necessarily occasioned atrophy
and loss of the testicle ; and did not secure the
jiMtient against the return of the disease. The
intestines were, of course, not included in the
ligature. Also, the operation for hernia in gene-
ral,— Hcniiot'omy.
CEIjOT'OMUS, same etymon. Herniot' omua.
A knife used in the operation for hernia. Adjec-
t!\ely, it means relating to celotomy, like Celo-
tiiin' iciis.
CELSA. A term, used by Paracelsus for a
cutaneous disease, dependent, according to him,
on a false or heterogeneous spirit or vapour, con-
cealed under the integuments, and endeavouring
to escape. Perhaps the disease was Urticaria.
CELSUS, METHOD OF, see Lithotomy.
CELTIS OCCIDENT A'LIS,Siifjnrberri/, Hack-
berry, N'-ttlctree, Beaverwood. Order, Ulmacese :
iudigenons, flowering in May. The bark is said
to be anodyne and cooling; the berries are sweet
and astringent. It has been used in dysentery.
CEMBHO NUTS, see Pinus cembra.
CEMEXT. A glutinous substance introduced
into a carious tooth to prevent the access of air
or other extraneous matters. The following is
an example: R. Sandarac. ^ij ; Maatich. ^i;
S'lirrti). gr. X. ^'Jther. ^j ; Dissolve with the aid
of heat. Ontermaier's Cement for the teeth is
prepared of finely powdered caustic lime, thirteen
ji'U'ts; anhydrous phosphoric acid, twelve parts.
AVIien introduced into a carious tooth, it becomes
6>(lid in about two minutes.
CEMENTERIUM, Crucible,
CEMENTUM, see Tooth.
CENANGIA, Ceneangia.
CENCIIRON, Panicum miliaceum.
GESDRE^ DU LEVANT, Soda,
CEXDRE, Cineritious.
C END RES GRAVE LEES, see Potash — c.
de Sarmeiit, see Potash.
CEXEANGI'A, Cenangi' a, from (ctrof, 'empty,'
!i!k1 ayyfioi', 'a vessel.' Inanition. Empty state
of vessels. — Galen.
CENEMBATE'SrS, from klvo^, 'empty,' and
tjiiiaivu), ' I enter.' Paracentesis. Also, the act
of probing a wound or cavity; Melo'sia.
CENEONES, Flanks.
CENESTHESIE, Coenasthesis,
CENTGDAM. Ceniplara.
CENIGOTAM, Ceniplara.
CENIPLAM, Cenlfjdam, Cenigotatn, Cenipo-
Jam. The name of an instrument anciently used
for opening the head in epilepsy. — Paracelsus,
CENIPOLAM, Ceniplam.
CENO'SIS, from Kci>oi, ' empty.' hie'ais, Lieih-
vio^. Evacuation. It is sometimes employed
synonymously with inanition, and opposed to re-
pletion.— E.rina)tit"io.
CENOSPUDrA, Aphelxia otiosa,
CENOTIC, Drastic.
GENOT'ICA, from kcvuxth, 'evacuation.' Dis-
eases affecting the fluids. Morbid discharges or
excess, deficiency or irreguUrity of such as are
natural. The first order, class Genetica, of Good.
Also, Drastics.
CENTAUHEA BEHEN, Serrat'ula beheii, Be-
hen abiad, Behen album. Been, While Behen.
Ord. Gentianeic. Astringent.
Cbntauuea Benedic'ta, Uar'duua beuedic'lui,
Cnicus aylven'tris scu beuedic'tus, Cardiulxit'dnum,
Blessed or //"/,'/ Thistle, Virgiu-Mari/ Thistle,
(F.) Chardoii beuit. Fam. Cynarocephalcie. Sex.
Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia frustranea. A strong
decoction of the herb is emetic : — a strong infu-
sion, diaphoretic [ ? ] ; a light infusion, tonic and
stomachic. Dose, gr. xv to ^} of the powder.
CkntaureA Calcitra'pa, Ualcitra'pa, Calcn-
trep'pola, Car'dnus solstitia'lis scu slella'liis
Ja'cca ramosis'sima, Cacotrib'nius, Calciiran'pa
Stella' ta seu hippophcBs'tum, Stella'ln rupi'iia,
Centaure'a Stella' ta. Common Star-Thistle, Star-
Knapweed, (F.) Centauree itoilec, Chardoii itoilS,
Chaussetrappe, Piijiierole. It is possessed of
tonic properties, and has been given in intermit-
tents, dyspepsia, ifec. It is not much used.
Centauuea Centauiu'um, Rh<(pon'iicHm vul-
ga're, Ceiitauri'um maijnum seu tiiajus seu offici-
ua'le. Greater Cen'taury, (F.) Ceutaur(e grande.
It is a bitter ; and was formerly used as a tonic,
especially the root.
Ce.ntaurea Cy'anus, Cy'anns, Blue bottle.
Corn-flower, Blue bonnets, (Sc.) Blnwort, (F.)
Bldvelle, Blaveole, Blacerolle, Bluet, Barbeuii,
Auhifoin, Casse-lunette. The flowers were once
much used as a cordial, tonic, <fcc. They are now
forgotten.
Centaitrea Stellata, Centaurea calcitrapa.
CENTAUREE ETOILEE, Centaurea calci-
trapa — c. Grande, Centaurea centaurium — c. Pe-
tite, Chironia centaurium.
CENTAUREUM, Chironia centaurium.
CENTAURIS, Chironia centaurium.
CENTAURIUM MAGNUM, Centaurea cen-
taurium — c. Minus vulgare, Chironia centaurium
— c. Officinale, Centaurea centaurium — c. Par-
rum, Chironia centaurium.
CENTAURY, AMERICAN, Chironia angu-
Inris — e. European, Chironia centaurium — c.
Greater, Centaurea centaurium — c. Lesser, Chi-
ronia centaurium.
CENTESIS, Paracentesis, Puncture,
CENTIGRAMME, (F.) from centum, 'a hun-
dred,' and ypanjia, ' gramme,' Ceutiyram'ma.
The hundredth part of a gramme. A centigram-
me is equal to about the fifth part of a French
grain, gr. .1543 Troy.
CENTILITRE, CentiU'tra, from cenlnm, 'a
hundred,' and Xirpa, 'litre.' An ancient Greek
measure for liquids: — the hundredth part of a
litre — equal to nearly 2.705.3 fluidrachms.
CENTIMETRE, Centim'eter ; the hundredth
part of a metre — equal to about four Unes,
.3937 English inch.
CENTI.MORBIA, Lysimachia nummularia.
CENTINERVIA, Plantago.
CENTINODE, Polygonum aviculare.
CENTINODIA, Pofygonura aviculare.
CENTO VIRGINALIS, Hymen.
CENTRAD, see Central aspect.
CENTRADIAPH'ANES, Catarac'ta centra'-
lis, from Kcvrpov, ' centre,' a, privative, and iin-
ipavm. 'transparent.' Catiiract owing to obseurity
of the central portion of the crystalline.
CENTRAL, Centra'lis, from centrum, 'the cen-
tre.' Relating or appertaining to the centre.
Central Ar'tery op the Ret'ina, Arte'ria
Centrn'lis Ret'ines, Central Artery of Ziim.
This artery is given off from the arteria oph-
thalmica, and penetrates the optic nerve a little
behind the ball of the eye ; running in the
axis of the nerve, and spreading out into many
small branches upon the inside of the retinn.
When the nerve is cut across near the eye, the
CENTRE
185
CEPIIALANTIIUS
orificp of the divided artery is observable. This
was formerly called Purus Op'ticns.
Centual Aspkct. An aspect towards the cen-
tre of an or<ran. — Barclay. Centrad is used bj'
the same writer adverbially, to signify ' towards
the ocntrMl aspect.'
CKNTRE, Centrum, Kcvrpov, (F.) Centre. The
middle point of a figure or body.
Ckntkk op Action. The vispus in which the
whole or a great part of any function is executed,
and to whirh several other organs contribute.
Thus, the vit.al activity seems to be wholly cen-
tred in the stomach, during chymification ; in the
duodenum, during chylification. In like manner,
the uterus becomes a centre of action during
gestation.
Ckntrk, Ei'icias'trio. The ganglions and ner-
vous plexuses, formed by the great sympathetic
and pneumogastric nerves, in the epigastrium,
around the coeliao artery ; where the impressions
receivi'd from various parts of the body seem to
be centred.
Ckntrb op Fltix'ion. The part towards which
flnids are particularly attracted. An irritated
organ is said to be a centre of fluxion.
Ckntrks, Nervous, (F.) Centres nerveux. The
organs whence the nerves originate; as the brain
and spinal mnrrow.
Ckntri;, Optic, see Optic centre.
Ckntrk, Oval, Centrum Ora'le, C. 0. Vieiisne'-
vii, Ttijiimeii'tnm rentr!cuh>' rum cer'ebri. When
the two hemispheres of the brain are sliced away,
till on a level with the corpus eallosum, the ine-
dullnry part in each is of an oval shape: hence
rolled centrum nrrtle minun, (F.) centre medallnire
l\einlHphfr((l. The two centres of the opposite
sides, together with the corpus eallosum, form
the ftnlrnm om/e of Vieitfi'nen«. Vieussens sup-
jiosed all the medullary fibres to issue from that
point, and that it was the great dixpensatory of
the nnininl spirits.
Ckntre, Phrenic, Ten'dinous Centre of the
Di'<t}ihrn<im, Centrum Phren'irnm sen Xer'venm
sou Tendino'snm sen Tendin'enm, (F.) Centre
jihrfnii/iie ou tendine\ix dit Diaphrat/ine. The
central aponeurosis or cordiform tendon of the
diaphragm.
CeXTRK of SyMPATIIET'iC TRRAniA'TIONS, (F.)
Centre d' irradiations si/mpathi<fnes. Any organ
which excites, sympathetically, the action of
other organs, more or less distant from it; and
with which it seems to have no immediate com-
liiunicntion. — Alarjolin.
Ckntre. Tendinous, of the Diaphragm,
Centre, phrenic.
CKNTROMYRTNE. Kuscns.
OE N T R 0 S T A L'T I C, Centrostal'ticns. badly
formed from eentrnm, 'the centre,' and errtXAa), 'T
send.' An epithet apidied by Dr. Marshall Hall
to the action of the vis nervosa in the spinal
centre.
CENTRUM, see Vertebrae — c. Commune, So-
lar plexus — c. Nerveum, Centre, phrenic— o. Op-
ticum, Optic centre — c. Ovale, Centre, oval — c.
Ovale minus, see Centre, oval — e. Ovale of Vieus-
sens, Centre, oval — c-. Semieirculare geminum,
Twnia semicircularis — c. Tendinosura, Centre,
phrenic.
Ckntrtim Vit.v'le, Nodus seu Fans vita'lis,
(F.) Xn'iid vital. A term applied, at times, to
the mciluUa oblongata: at others, to the medulla
oMoniata, and the medulla sjiinnlis as far as the
second cervical nerve of the spinal marrow, in
any p:irt of which a wound would seem to be in-
stantly fat:il. It is the nervous centre of respi-
ration and d<^glutition.
CEXTRV, Cliironiii nngnlaris.
CEXTU^t CAPrT.\. Eryngium campestro.
CENTUMNODI.\, Polygonum aviculare.
CEP A A,=!CALONICA, Bulbiis esculentus,
Echalotte — c. Marina, Scilla — c. Victorialis, Al-
lium victoriale — c. Vulgaris, Allium cepa.
CEPiEA, Veronica beccabunga.
CEPHAF.LINUM, Emetine.
CEPIL-VKLIS IPECACUAXnA, Ipecacuanha.
CEPHALyE'A, Headaeh, (F.) Cephalie, from
if£i^nXi/, 'head.' Some use the term synonymously
with cephalalgia ; others, for a periodical head-
ach ; others, again, for a more violent hendach
than cephalalgia implies: and others for a chronic
headach. The last was its ancient signification.
Cephaifs'n spnsmod'iea, Cephnlal'rfia spnsmod'-
ien, C. Niiuseo'sa, Sick-hendncJi. is characterized
by partial, spasmodic pain ; often shifting from
one part of the head to another: chiefly com-
mencing in the morning, with sickness and faint-
ncss. It is extremely apt to recur, notwithstand-
ing every care.
Cephal^a Arthritica, Cephalagra — c. Ile-
micrania, Hemicrania — c. Xauseosa, C. Spas-
modicji — c. Pnlsatilis, Crotaphe.
CEPIIAL^EMATO'MA. (F.) Cephalemntome,
from Kt.^a\r), 'head,' and 'atfxa, 'blood;' CephaJcR-
mato'ma neonato'rnm, Eeehymo'mn enp'itis, E.
capitis recens luito'rum, Thrombus neonatn'ntm,
Absres'siis cap'itis snnr/uin'eiiH neonatorum, Tumor
cap'itis sanr/uiii'eus neonato'rurn, Cephalophy'ma,
CranlohfEmaton' cus. A sanguineous tumour, some-
times developed between the pericranium and the
bones of the head of new-born children. Similar
tumours are met with occasionally above other
bones, and at all periods of existence,
Cepiial^matoma Neonatorum, Cephala;ma-
toma.
C E P II A L^ 'MIA, HijpercB'min cer'ebri seu
Cap'itis, Encephaloha'mia, (F.) Hyperemie oa
Conr/estion du cerveati, Ejicephaloheniic. II. cire-
hr(de, Conr/estion efr^hraJe. Accumulation of
blond in the vessels of the brain.
CEPIIALAGO'GUS, Ccphahdne'tor, Capiti-
due' tor, from KeipiAn< 'head,' and ayuiyos, 'a
leader, a driver.' An instrument used for draw-
insr down the fcefal head.
'CEPH'ALAflRA, from KcJ>a\T,, 'the head,' and
aypa, 'seizure.' Cephalm'a arthrit'iea, Jlenin-
tfi'tis arthrit'iea. Gout in the head.
CEPHALAGRA'PHIA, from »f0aX^. 'the
head,' and ypa<prt, 'a description.' An anatomical
description of the head.
CEPHALAL'GIA, Cephalopo'nia, CephaJo-
dyn'ia, Enccphahidyn'ia, Homonopn'gia, from
Ktil>a\ri, 'the head,' and oKyoi. 'pain:' Encepha-
lal'gia. Dolor Cap'itis seu cephaf'ieus. Soda. Pain
in the head; Headach, (Sc.) Hedererk, (Prov.)
[fedewarl,-, (F.) Cephahdgie. M-il a tele. Every
kind of headach, whether symptomatic or idio-
pathic, is a cephalalgia. It is ordinarily sympto-
matic, and has to be treated accordingly.
Cephalalgia Contagiosa, Influenza — c. In-
flammatoria, Phrenitis.
Cephalalgia Periop'ica, Fchris intermit'tenn
eephaV ica larva'ta. Intermittent headach. Head-
ach which returns periodically ; properly, per-
haf)S, a form of neuralgia.
Cephalalgia Pilsatilis, Crotaphe — c. Spas-
modica, see Cephahiea.
CEPH.\LALOG"IA, from Kt<pa)iv. 'the head,'
and Xoyof, 'a discourse.' An anatomical disser-
tation on the head.
CEPHAL.AXTHE D'AMERIQUE, Cepho-
lanthus occidentalis.
CEPHALAN'TIIUS OCCIDEXTA'LIS, But-
tonirood shrub, Bnttonbush, White Ball, Little
Snowball, Swampwood, Pond Dognood. Globe-
flower, (F.) Cephalanthe d' Amfriqne. Bois de
ifarais. An ornamental shrub, Ord. Rubiaceae ;
Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia, which grows all
CEPHxVLARTICA
186
CERAS
orer the United States, near streams and ponds,
and flowers in July and August. The bark of
the root has been used ns an antiperiodic tunic.
CEPIIALARTICA, Cephalic remedies.
CEPIIALATOM'IA, CepJwlotom'ia, from
Kt<pa\t], 'the head,' and rcfivctv, 'to cut.' Ana-
tonij', or dissection, or opening of the head.
CEPIIALE, Head.
CEPHALEMA TOME, Cephatematoraa.
CEPIIAL'IC, Cephnl'IcM, Cnpita'Us. from
KtfuXt], ' the head.' (F.) Cephalique. Relating
to the head.
Cephal'ic Rrm'edies, Cephal'ica seu Capita'- I
lia remed'ia, are remedies capable of relieving
affections of the head, especially headach : —
Cephalnr'tico.
Cephal'ic Vein, Venn Cephal'ica seu Cap'-
itiii, (P.) Veiiie cephnliquBy V'iine rndinle cutanee
of Chaussier. The great superficial vein at the
outer part of the arm and fore-arm. It begins
on the back of the hand, by a number of radicles,
■which unite into a single trunk, called the Ceph-
alic of the Thumb, Cephcd'ica Pol'licis, (F.) Veiiie
cephaliqite dn ponce. It ascends along the ante-
rior and outer part of the fore-arm, where it forms
the siiperjleial radi(d. At the fold of the elbow
it receives the median cephalic, ascends along the
outer edge of the biceps, and opens into the axil-
lary vein. The name Cr-phalic was given to it by
the ancients, because they thought it had some
connection with the head, and fhiit blood-letting
ought to be performed on it. in head affections.
Chaussier calls the internal jugular, Vciiie ce-
phalique, and the primary or common carotid,
Artere cephalique.
CEPHALIDIUM, see Caput,
CEPHALI'NE. The base or root of the tongue.
— Gorrseus.
CRPIIALIS. see Caput.
CEPHALITIS, Phrenitis.
CEPHALIUM, see Caput.
CEPIIALODUCTOR, Cephalagogus.
CEPIIALODYM'IA, E„cephalod,/m'ia; from
KtipaKri, 'head,' and ivu), 'I enter into.' A class
of double monstrosities, in which the heads are
united. It is divided into two genera, Fronto-
di/m'ia a.r\d Brer/matndi/)ii'ia: in the former the
union being between the ossa frontis ; in the lat-
ter between the bregmata. — Cruveilhier.
CEPHALODYNIA, Cephalalgia.
CEPlIALrRDEMA, Hydrocephalus.
CEPHALOG'RAPHY," Cephalngraph'ia; from
KtfaX)], 'head,' and ypa(pri, 'a description.' An
anatomical description of the head.
CEPHALOID, Encephaloid.
CEVn ALOW OdY, Cephnlolog"ia; from Ki(j)a)^V,
and ^oyoi. 'a discourse.' A treatise on the bead.
CEPHALOMA, Encephaloid.
CEPHALOM'ELUS. (F.) Cephalomele ; from
Kt<pa\ri, 'head,' and ^ueXo;, 'a limb.' A monster
having one or two accessory limbs on the head.
—I. a. St. Hilaire.
CEPHALO-MENINGITIS, Meningo-cephali-
tis.
CEPHALOM'ETER, (P.) Cephahmiltre, from
Ki<paXri, 'the head,' and iitrpov, 'measure.' An
instrument for measuring the different dimensions
of the fcetal head, during the process of accouche-
ment. A kind of forceps.
CEPHALON'OSUS, from «0aX;,, 'the head.'
and voaoi, 'disease.' This term has been applied
to the Fehris Hniu/ar' ica. in which the head was
much affected. See Fever. Hungaric. Others
have so called anv cerebral disease or fever.
CEPlIALOPAiiES, Svmphvocephalus.
CEPH'ALO-PHARYNG^'US, from «0aA^,
'the head.' and <papvy^, 'the pharynx:' belonging
to the head and pharynx. Winslow has given
this name to the portion of the constrictor pin.
ryngiH giiperiiir, wliich is attached, above, to the
inferior surface of the basilary process of the os
occipitis. The Ceph'alo-pharyntjc'al Aponenro'.
sin is a thin, fibrous membrane, which is attached
to the basilary process, and gives insertion to the
fibres of the constrictor superior pharyiiqts.
CEPHALOPllYMA, Cephalaematoma.
CEPHALOPONIA, Cephalalgia.
CEPHALO-RACMIDIAN, Cuphalo-spinal.
CEPHALOSOMATODYiM'IA, Encephal„m.
matodj/in'ia ; from KctpaXtj, ' he»,d,' erco/za, ' Ixidy,'
and Svtii, 'I enter into.' A double monstrosiij-,
in which the union is between the heads and the
trunks. Of this there are varieties : — for exam-
yile, [nfrn-7naxillostcrmodytn'ia, where the union
is with the inferior maxillary hones and stormi ;
and Prosoposternodym'ia, between the faces and
sterna. — Cruveilhier.
CEPHALO-SPINAL, Cejihalo-spino'lis. Ceph'.
alo-rachid' ian, Encejih'alo-rachid'liiii, Cer'ebro-
spinal, Cer'ebro-raeh id' iati, Cr(fnio-spina!. A
hybrid term, from KKJiaXri, ' iiead,' and spina,
'spine.' Belonging to the head and spine.
Cr.PH'ALO-SPlNAL Fluid, Cejihalu-rachid'ian
.fluid, Cer'ehro-spinal fluid, Flu'idinn cer'cbrn-
spiiia'le, Subarachnoid' can fluid, (P.) Liqidilc
cephalo-rachidien, is an exhaled fluid, which is
found beneath the arachnoid, wherever pia mater
exists in connexion with the brain and spiuid
cord. It seems to have a protecting office, and
to keep up a certain degree of pressure on the
organ — at least in the spinal canal.
CEPHALOTHORACOSTERU'MENUS, from
KC(pa\ri, 'head.' Ouipa^, 'the chest,' and ortgav, 'to
rob.' A monster without head or chest.
CEPHALOTOMIA. Eccephalosis.
GEPHALOTHIBE, (P.) An instrument in-
vented by Baudelocque, the nephew, for crushing
the head of the foetus in utero; from Kt(ji(i\ri, 'the
head,' and rpifiw, ' I bruise.' It consists of .1
strong forceps, the blades of which are solid: 16
lines broad, and 3 thick. The handles are per-
forated at their extremity to receive a screw with
three threads, the direction of which is very ob-
lique, so as to allow great rapidity of rotation,
and the screw is moved by a winch 6 inches long,
to increase the force of the pressure. The bones
of the head are easily crushed by it.
CEPHALOTRIP'SY^ Cephalotrip'sia ; same
etymon as Cephalotrihe. The operation of crush-
ing the head of the foetus in utero.
CEPHALOTRYPESIS, Trepanning.
CEPHALOXIA, Torticollis.
CEPULLA, Allium cepa.
CER. Heart.
CERA PLAVA et CERA ALBA, Ceroi, Yel-
low and White Wa.r, (F.) Cire Jaune et Blanclie.
An animal substance prepared by the bee, and
by some plants, as the Cerox'ylon and Myri'm
ceri/'era. Its colour is yellow, and smell like
that of honey, but both are lost by bleaching.
It is demulcent and emollient; is sometimes given
in the form of emulsion, in diarrhoea and dysen-
tery, but is chiefly used in cerates and ointments.
CER^'j35, from Kepas, 'a horn,' Kcpaiai. The
Cornua of the uterus. — Rufus of Ephesus.
CERAM'ICE, Cerami'tis, from ^:ijuf,n<, 'potter's
earth.' A sort of earth used as a cataplasm in
peripneumony. — Hippocrates.
CERAMIUM, Amphora — c. Helminthocbortus,
Coraliina Corsicana.
CERAMNIUM, Amphora.
CEHAMURIA, see Urine.
CERANTIIEMUS, Propolis.
CERAS, Ktpa;, 'genitive,' Kcparc^, 'horn,' Cor-
nu ; also, the Cornea. Hence, Ccratcctoruia, Ce-
ra tocele, &c.
CERASION
]
CERATOTOMIA
CERASION, see Prunus cera^us.
CKIIAS'MA, from Ktpavvvjn, 'to mix:' some-
thiii); mixed. A mixture of hot and cold water.
Metdienm' inn. — Gorraeus.
CKRA.SUiM, see Prunus cerasus.
CEllASUS ACIUA, Prunus cernsus — c. Avi-
um, Prunus avium, P. nigra — c. Dulcis, Prunus
nigra — c. Horlcnsis, Prunus cerasus — c. Lauro-
cera.sus, Prunus laurocerasus — c. Padus, Prunus
padus — c. lla(!emosus sylvestris, Prunus padus
— c. Rulira, Prunus eerasus — c. Serotina, Prunus
Virginiana — c. Virginiana, Prunus Virginiana —
c. Vulgaris, Prunus eerasus.
VfJIlAT BLANC ou I)E n ALIEN, Ceratum
Galeni — c. de IShinc de ISideine, Ceratum cetacei
— c. de Goidiird, Ceratum piunibi — c. pour lea
Levrei, Cerate fur tile li|)S — c. de Plmub compote,
Ceratum pluml)i compositum — c. de Snvon, Ce-
rntum Saponis — c. de Siiraeitate de j^ioinb, Cera-
tum plumbi superaeetatis.
CE'RATK, Cera'tum, from Ktioai, Lat. cerg,
'wax,' Cefelfs' Hin, Cero'nia, Curo' iiiiim, Cero'tinn,
Curo'lcnm, Oleo-eero'tuni, Cerrtlotiinhu/'ina, (F.)
Cernt, Oleo-cerole, E/aorerole, Ci'rr'ol^, Lijxtroide.
A composition of wax, oil, or lard, without other
ingredients.
Ckiivtk, Simple Cerate, Cern'tnm, Cera'tum
simpler (Ph. U. S.)^ (F.) Cerat Simple. (White
wn.r, ^\v, Lard, ,^viij.) It is applied as an
emollient to excoriations, <tc. See Ceratum Ce-
tacei.
CmiATK, lBKi,r.EVir.iiK's, see Unguentum Ily-
drargyri nitrico-oxydi.
Ckrate of Cal'ami\k, Cera'tum. Calami'nai
Seu CalnniiiicB praipar<i't(P, seu Carbona'tiH ztiici
impn'ri seu Zinci Carboiia'tis seu lap'idis Ca-
Itiiuiiin'ria seu cpalot'icnm, Cerate of Carbonate
of Zinc, Turner's Cerate, He<din;/ Salve, (F.)
Cer((t de Pierre CalaniinaJre, C. de (-alamine.
{Calamin., Cercp, Jlava, aa "^W}, adipiK, tbj. Melt
the wax and lard together, and, on cooling, add
the carbonate of zinc and stir till cool,- — -Ph. U. S.)
ClillATl-; OF Caxthaii'iDKS, Cera'tum Canthar'-
idis seu /^i/ltcB, Blinter Ointment, Ointment of
Spaninh Flies, Unguen'tum ad vesicato'ria seu
Pul'veris Ifel'oei veaieato'rii seu ejiiipas'ticunt
for'tiun, (F.) Cerat de Cautharidex. (Spermaceti
cerate '^v], Cantharides in pourder, ^j. The
cerate being softened by heat, stir in the flies.)
This cerate of the European Pharmacopoeias is
used to l<eep blisters, issues, <fec., open. See Un-
guentum LyttiB. For the Cerate of Spanish flies
of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia, see Emplastrum
Lytt;\i.
Ceuate, Goulard's, Ceratum plumbi compo-
situm.
Ckkatr, Kirkland's Nfutral. ^(Diachyl.
IJviij, oUm oil ^iv, 2}i'ep">'''<i chidk ^\'v : when
nearly cool, add Aeet. dent. ^W, plumb siiperacet.
giijj A cooling emollient.
Curate or Poma'tiim for thf. Lips, Cera'tum
labia'le rubrum, Pomma'tum ad labia dcmnlcen'-
da. — Pii. P. (F.) Cerat ou Pommade }}our les
livren, (]Vajc 9 parts; oil 16 parts; — coloured
with alkanet.)
Cerate, Lead, Compound, Ceratum plumbi
compositum.
Ceuatk, Marshall's. (Palm oil ^\''\. calomel
,^j. «".'/«'• "/ lead 5ss, ointment of nitrate of mer-
Ceratf, Rksis, Compound, Ceratum Resinse
compositum c. Snvine, Ceratum sabinre — c.
Soap, Ceratum sjiponis— e. Spermaceti, Ceratum
cetat-ei c. of Superacetnte or sugar of lead, Ce-
ratum plumbi superaeetatis — c. Turner's, Cerate
of Calamine — c. of Carbonate of zinc. Cerate of
calamine.
CERATECTOJI'IA, from Kcpas, Kcparos, 'the
cornea,' and tKTOfios, 'cut out.' An incision
through the cornea. See Ceratotomia.
CERATIA, Ceratonium siliqua.
CERATI'ASIS, Keruli'asin, from xtpat, (ctparo;,
'horn.' A morbid condition characterized by
corneous growths.
CERATION, Siliqua.
CERATI'TIS, Kerati'tis, from Kcca;, Kcparog,
'the cornea,' and itis, 'inflammation.' Inflam-
mation of the cornea, Cerati'tis, Ceratode'i'tin,
Keralodei'tin, Ceratomeninyi'tis, Cornei'tis, In-
Jiamma'lio cor'nccB.
CERATIUM, Ceratonium siliqua.
CER'ATO. In composition, relating or apper-
taining to the cornua of the os hyoides, or to the
cornea. _
CERATOCE'LE. Keratoce'le, Aqunla, lira',
tio, Prominen'tia Cor'ncas, Hernia Cor'nece, Cera-
todeoce'le, from xtpa;, Keparof, 'horn,' and Kn)^'iy
'tumour.' A protrusion of the transparent cor-
nea, or rather of the membrane of the aqueous
humour, through an opening in the cornea.
CERATODEITIS, Ceratitis.
CERATODEOCELE, Ceratocele.
CERATODEONYXIS. Ceratonyxis.
CERATODES MEMCRANA, Cornea.
CERATOGLOS'SUS, Kerato,jU,H'euH, from ce-
rata, and yXmaaa, ' the tOngue.' A muscle, ex-
tending from the great cornu of the os hyoides to
the base of the tongue. It is a part of the hyo-
glossus.
CERATOIDES, Cornea.
CERATOLEUCOMA, Leucoma.
CERATO'MA, Cerato'sis, from Ktpai, Keparo;,
'horn.' A horny growth, or horny formation.
CER'ATO-.MALA'CIA, A'er'ato-mala'ci((, from
Ktpai, Kcparos, 'cornea,' and jjtaXuKta, 'softness.'
Softening of the cornea, the result of inflamma-
tion or of starvation.
CERATO-MALAGMA. Cerate.
CERATO-MENINGITIS, Ceratitis.
CERATO-MENINX, Cornea.
CERATO'NIA, SIL'IQUA, from Ktpai, Kcparoi,
'a horn' — from its hornlike pod. The Camb
Tree, Cera'tium, Cera'tia, Sil'iqua dulcis, Cnro'-
ba Alnahati, Sweetpod, (F.) Carouhier, (Fruit,
Carouge.) This — the fruit of the Ceratonia sili-
qua— is mucilaginous, and employed in decoction
where mueilages are indicated.
CERATONYX'IS, Keratonyx'is, Ceratodeo-
nyx'is, from «£pas, Actparo;, 'the cornea,' and vva-
au), 'I puncture.' An operation by which the
crystalline is depressed b^- means of a needle in-
troduced into the eye through the cornea. Some
divide the crystalline into fragments with the
needle, and leave them to the action of the ab-
sorbents. The operation is as old as the 17th
century.
CER'ATO-PIIARYNGE'US, A'er'«?o-PAar?/n-
(je'us, from cerato, and <papvy^, ' the pharj-nx.'
The great and small Cer'ato-pharynge'i are small
fleshy bundles, forming part of the Hyopharyn-
geua of Winslow. _
CERATOPLAS'TICE, Cer'atoplasty, Ker'ato-
plasty, from xcpag, Kcparos, ' the Cornea,' and TrAiiir-
Ti/cos, ' forming, formative.' The operation for the
formation of an artificial cornea. It has not been
practised on man.
CERATORRUEX'IS, Ruptn'ra cor'necn, from
Ktpai, KcpnToq, 'the cornea,' and pJi^t;, 'rupture.'
Rupture of the cornea.
CERATOSIS, Ceratoma.
CER'ATO-STAPHYLI'NUS, Ker'ato-staphy.
li'uus, from cerato, and araipvXr), 'the uvula.'
Some fleshy fibres of the Thyro-staphylinus of
AVinslow.
CERATOTO'MIA, Ceratectom'ia, from Ktpa?,
KtpiiTOi, 'cornea,' and Teftveiv, 'to cut.' Section
of the transparent cornea. This incision is used
CERATOTOMUS
188
CEREBELLTTIS
in the operation for cataract, to give exit to pus
effused in tlie eve, in case of hypopyon, Ac.
CERATOT'OMUS, Kei-aM'omus, Kerat'omiis,
from K!.,,ac., Kcparoi, 'cornea,' and rtfxvtiv, 'to cut.
A name given by Wenzel to his linife for dividing
the trnnsparent cornea, in tlie operation for cata-
ract. Many modifications of the instrument have
been made since Wenzel's time. See Knife, ca-
taract.
CEIIATUM, Cerate— c. Album, Ceratum ceta-
cei, Ceratum Galeni — c. de Altha;a, Unguentum
de Altlut>a— c. Calamine, Cerate of Calamine —
c. Cantharidis, Cerate of Cantharides, Emplas-
trum Lytta; — c. de Cerussa, Unguentum plumbi
subearbonatis.
Ckua'tum Ceta'cei, C. Spermacet'i sen alhiim
seu ceti seu simplex (Ph. E.), Unguen'iiim Ceta'-
cei (Ph. D.) seu adipoce'rce. cetn'nim, Linimen'-
tiim album, Emplns'trum Sperm'atis Ceti, Sperma-
ceti Cerate, (F.) Cerat de blanc de haleine, 0»-
gitent blanc. (Spermaceti, §j ; white icax, ^iij ;
olive oil, f ^vi. Ph. U. S.) A good emollient to
ulcers, &c.
Ckratum Ceti, Ceratum cetacei — c. Cicutas,
Ceratum conii — c. Citrinura, Ceratum resinse.
Cera'tdm Coni'i. Cera'titm Cicu'ta. {Ung.
conii, Ibj j cetacei, ^ij ; cercB ulbcR, §iij-) A for-
mula in Bartholomew's Hospital ; occasionally
a]'plied to cancerous, scrofulous sores, <fcc.
Ckhatum Epuloticum, Cerate of calamine.
Ceka'tum Gale'ni, C. album seu refrig"eranH
Gale'ni, Uiigiien'tum cera'tum seu amygdali'num
seu simplex, Emplas'trum ad fontic'ulos, O'leo-
cera'tum aqua subac'tuni. Cold Cream, (F.) Cerat
blanc ou de Gamen. (White wax, 4 parts; oil
of stoeet almonds, 16 parts ; add, when melted,
tcater or rose-water, 12 parts. Ph. P.) A mild
application to chaps, &c.
Ceha'tum HyDnAR'GYni Compos'itum, Com-
pound Cerate of Mercury. (Ung. Hydrarg.. Ce-
rat. S:/pon. Conip., aa, ^vj; Camphor, ^^iss.
Rub together. Ph. L.) A discutieat to indolent
tumours.
Ceratum Labiale Rubrum, Cerate for the
lips — c. Lapidis calaminaris, Cerate of calamine
— c. Lithargyri acetati compositum, Ceratum
plumbi compositum — c. Lyttae, Cerate of cantha-
rides— c. Mcrcuriale, Unguentum hydrargyri — c.
Picatum, Pissela3um.
Ceratum PutMBi Compos'itum, C. Lithar'gyri
Aceta'ti Compos'itum seu Subaceta'ti plumbi medi-
ca'tum seu Plumbi Snbaceta'tis (Ph. U. S.) seu Sa-
tur'ni. Compound Lead Cerate, Goulard's Cerate,
Goulard's Ointment, (F.) Cerat de Goulard, C. de
Plomb compose. (Liq. plumb, subacet., ^iiss;
cene Jlavee, ,^iv; ol. oiiv., ,^ix ; camphorm, ^^s.
Ph. U. S.) Its virtues are the same as the next.
Ceratum Plumbi Superaceta'tis, C. Plumbi
Aceta'tis, Unguentum Cents' sa Aceta'tcB, Cerate
of Superacetate or Sugar of Lead, Unguentum Ace-
latis Plumbi, (F.) Cerat de suracetcte de Plomb.
(jicetate of lend, ^'j ; tohite wax, ,^ij; olive oil,
Jbss.) Cooling and astringent.
Ceratum Refrigerans Galeni, Ceratum Ga-
leni.
Ceratum Resi'njs, C. Resi'um flava seu cit'ri-
lium, Uuguen'tum hasil'icon floiuim seu liesi'nee
j'accB seu Resino'sum, Resin Cerate or Ointmeut,
Yellow Hasil'icon, Basil' icon Ointment. (Resin.
jJav., ^v ; CercB flav., '^i'y, Adipis, ,^viij. Ph.
U. S.) A stimulating application to old ulcers,
<tc. Dii^estive.
Dr. Smellomk's Ointment for the Eyes consists
of finely powdered verdigris, Jss, rubbed with
oil, and then mixed with an ounce of ceratum
resinm.
Ceratum Resi'nvE Compos'itum, Compound
Jtesin Cerate, (Resin., Sevi, Cerce flavce, aa, tb j ;
Terebinth., Vb&s ; OL Lini, Oss. Deahler'a Salve.
Melt together, strain through linen, and stir till
cool. Ph. U. S.)
Ceratum Sabi'-NjE, Un/ruentum Sabinm, Saving
Cerate, (F.) Chat de Sabine. (Savine, in pow-
der, 5ij; Resin Cerate, Ibj. Ph. U. S. Irrita-
tive, 'drawing.' Used in the same cases as the
cerate of cantharides.
Ceratum Sapo'nis, C. Sapo'nis Compos'itum,
Soap Cerate, (F.) Cerat de Savon. (Liq.J'lumb,
subacet at., OVy, Sapon, '^x'y, Cera alba, ^x. ; 01.
olircB, Oj. Roil the solution of subacetate of lead
with the soap over a slow fire, to the consistence
of honey : then transfer to awater-bath, and eva-
porate until all the moisture is dissipated ; lastly,
add the wax, previously melted with the oil, and
mix. Ph. U. S.) It is applied in cases of sprains
or fractures,
Ceratum Saturni, Ceratum plumbi composi-
tum— c. Simplex, Cerate, simple, Ceratum ceta-
cei— c. Spermaceti, Ceratum cetacei — c. Sul)ace-
tati plumbi medicatum, Ceratum plumbi composi-
tum— c. Tetrapharmacum, Pissela'um.
Ceratum Zinci Carbonatis, Cerate of Car-
bonate of Zinc. (Zinci carbonat. prceparat., Jij ;
Ung. simpl., ^x. Ph. U. S.) Used in the same
cases as the Ceratum calaminae.
CERAU'NION, from Kipawos, 'thunder,' 'a
thunderbolt.' Lapis fulmin'eus. A kind of stone,
which was believed to be formed during thunder;
and to be possessed of the power of inducing
sleep, and numerous other prophylactic virtues.
It was rubbed on the knee, breast, &c., in swell-
ings of those parts.
CERBERA AIIOVAI, see Strychnine.
Cerbera Taughin, Taughin' ia, T. veneuif'era.
A tree of Madagascar, Order, Apocynaceas; the
kernel of whose fruit is a deadly poison ; and al-
though not larger than an almond is sufficient to
destroy twenty peojile.
Ckrbera Thevetia, see Strychnine.
CERBERUS TRICEPS, Pulvis cornachini.
CERCA'RIA, from ke/jkoj, 'a tail.' A genus
of agastric, caudate, infusory animalcules, one of
the most curious of which inhabits the tartar of
the teeth. The, so called, spermatozoa have been
presumed by some to belong to this genus.
CERCHNASMUS, Corchnus.
CERCHNOMA, Cerchnus.
CERCIINUS, Cerchnas'mns, Cerchnvm, Cerch-
no'mn, from /ccp;^)/£iu, ' I render hoarse.' A rough
voice produced by hoarseness. See Rattle.
CERCIFIS, Tragopogon porrifolium.
CER'CIS, K[pKis. A sort of pestle for reducing
substances to powder. Also, the radius or small
bone of the arm. See Pilum, and Radius.
CERCLE, Circulus— c. de la Choroide, Ciliary
ligament — c. Ciliare, Ciliary ligament.
CERCO'SIS, from KipKos, 'a tail.' Men'lvla
mulie'bris, the Clit'oris. Some authors have cm-
ployed the word synonymously with nymphoma-
nia and elongation of the clitoris; and with Poly-
pus Uteri, the Sarco'mn Cerco'sis of Sauvages.
Cercosis Clitoridis, Clitorism — c. Externa,
Clitorisra.
CEREA, Cerumen.
CEREA'LIA, from Ceres, 'goddess of corn.'
(F.) Cereales (Plantes.) The ccrealia are gra-
mineous plants, the seed of which serve for the
nourishment of man : — as wheat, barley, rye, <fcc.
At times, the same term is applied to some of the
leguminous plants.
CEREBARIA, Careharia.
CEREBEL'LA URI'NA. Urine of a whitish
appearance, of the colour of the brain or cerebel-
lum, from which Paracelsus thought he could
distinguish diseases of that organ.
CEREBELLI'TIS, badly formed from cere-
bellum and itis, denoting inflammation. Paren-
cejjhali'tis, Injlumma'tio cerebel'li. Inflammation
CEREBELLOUS
189
CERFEUIL
of the cerebellum: a variety of phrenitis or ence-
phalitis.
CERKDEL'LOUS, Cerebello'sua, from cerebel-
lum, ' the \\U\ti braia.' (Y.) Uerihellenx. Chaus-
aier ha? given this epithet to the vessels of the
cerebellum. Tlie-'e are three in number; two
of whieh are inferior : the larger, inferior cere-
hdli, which arises from the posterior cerebral or
vertebral; and the smaller, whose existence is
not constant, from the meso-cephalic orbasilary :
— the third, called A. cerehelleuHe nupSrienre (««-
jjerior cerebelli,) is also a branch of the basilary.
CKitr.BKL'Lous Ap'oplbxy, Apnplex'ia cere-
heUii'Kti : apoplexy of the cerebellum.
CKREBKL'LUM, diminutive of Cerebrum;
Cerebrum p'trviim seu. potte'rius, Appen'dix ad
cer'ebrnm. Encrn'nion, Encra'nin, Epencrii'nis,
Pnrencepli'a/is, Parenceph'ulnn, Parencepih'alnm,
EncephitVinm, Enceph'alus opin'thius, 3ficrence-
pha Hum, J/icrenceph'ulum, Little brain (P.) Cer-
velef. A portion of the medullary mass, con-
tained in the cavity of the cranium. It fills the
lower occipital fossae below the tentorium, and
embraces the tuber annulare and medulla. It is
composed, like the brain, of vesicular and tubu-
lar substance, arranged in laminae, as it were;
so that, when a section is made of it, it has an
arborescent appearance, calleil Arbnr vitas. The
cerebellum is divided into two lobes or lieniinphercn
or lateral manKen, Lobui superior anterior seu
quadranifula'rin, and Lobns superior posterior seu
semiluna'ris. and each lobe is again subdivided
into Mo\itic'uli or Lobules. In the cerebellum
are to be observed the crura cerebelli, the fourth
ventricle, the ralvuln magna cerebri, the processus
venniculares, superior and inferior, &c.
CER'EBRAL, Oerebru'lis, (F.), Cerebral, from
cerebrum, ' the brain.' Belonging to the brain ;
similar to brain.
Crrebual Apophysis, Pineal gland.
Cerebral Ar'teries are three on each side :
— the anterior or arterij of the corpus callnsum,
and the middle, arte'ria Si/loia'na, are furnished
by the internal carotid: — the posterior or jmste-
rior and inferior artery of the brain, A. profunda
cerebri, arises from the vertebral. Chaussier
calls these arteries lobnires, because they corre-
spond with the anterior, middle, and posterior
lobes, whilst he calls the trunks, whence they
originate, cerebral.
Cerebral Nerves are those which arise with-
in the cranium, (F.) Nerfs craniens, all of which,
perhaps, with the "exception of the olfactory, ori-
ginate from the medulla oblongata. See Nerves.
In Pdthohxjij, an affection is called cerebral,
which specially occupies the brain. Fievre c^r^-
brale. Cerebral fever, is a variety in which the
head is much affected.
CEREBRA'TION, Cerebratio, from cerebrum,
'the brain.' The action of the brain during any
mental or moral manifestation.
CEREHRIFORM. Encephaloid.
CEREBRITIS, Phrenitis.
CERKDROPATIIY, see Nervous diathesis.
CEREnRO-MALACIA. MoUities cerebri.
CEREBRO-RACIIIDIAN, Cephalo-spinal.
CEREBRO-SPINAL, Cephalo-spinal. Acrre-
hro-spin'il or cercbro-spinant is a neurotic, which
exercises a special influence over one or more
functions of the brain and spinal cord, and their
respective nerves. — Pereira.
Cerebuo-Spin'at, Axis, see Encephalon.
CEREBRO-SPINANT. Cerobro-spinal.
CER'HBRUM or CERE'BRUM, from Kapa,
'the head.' Tlio brain. (F.) Cerveau, Ccrrelle.
This term is sotnotimcs applied to the whole of
the contents of ilio cranium : at others, to the
upper portion ; — the posterior and inferior being
called corebcUum. The brain, properly so called,
extends from the os frontis to the superior occi-
pital fossae. Anteriorly, it rests on the orbitar
vault : behind this, on the middle fossa; of the
base of the cranium ; and, posteriorly, on the ten-
torium cerebello superextensum. The upper anr-
facc is divided by a deep median cleft (.Scissure
iuterlobaire, — Ch.) into two halyes, called hemi-
spheres, which are united at the base by the
corpus eallosnm. At its surface are numerous
convolutions. The inferior surface exhibits, from
before to behind, three lobes, distinguished into
anterior, middle, and posterior. The middle is
separated from the anterior by the fissure of
Sylvius; and from the posterior, by a shallow
furrow which corresponds to the upper portion of
the pars petrosa. Internally, the brain has, oa
the median line, the corpus callosum, septum
lucidum, fornix, pineal gland, and third ventricle:
— and laterally, the lateral ventricles, in which
are the corpora striata, optic thalami, &c. It ia
contained in a triple envelope, (see Meninges.)
Its texture is pulpy, and varies according to age.
Two substances may be distinguished in it — the
white, medullart/, tubular or fibrous — medull'a
cer'ebri, (F.) Pulpe cerebral, and the cortical,
cineritious, vesicular, or gray. The former is
white; and occupies all the interior and base of
the brain. The latter is grayish and softer. It
is situate particularly at the surface of the organ.
The brain receives several arterial vessels, fur-
nished by the internal carotid and vertebral. Its
veins end in the sinuses. It is the niaterijj
organ of the mental and moral manifestations.
According to Gall, each part is the special seat
of one of those faculties, and the brain and cere-
bellum, inclusive, are called by him 'the nervous
system of the mental faculties.' See Craniology.
The substance of the nervous system — Xeurine
— has been analyzed by Vauquolin, and found to
contain water, 80'0() ; white fatty matter, 4-5.3 ;
red fatty matter, called cerebrine, OTO; osma-
zome, 1'12; albumen, 7"00; phosphorus. 1"50;
sulphur, acid phosphates of potassa, lime, and
magnesia, 5'1.5.
Cerebrum Abdominale, Solarplexus — c. Elon-
gatum, Medulla oblongata — c. Parvum, Cerebel-
lum— c. Posterius, Cerebellum.
CEREC'TOMY. Cerectom'ia, Kcree'tomy, from
Ktpni, ' cornea,' and cKToi.iti, ' excision.' Excision
of a laver or portion of the cornea.
CEliEFOLIUM, Scandix cerefolimn — c. Ilis-
panicum, Cltaerophyllum oduratum — c. Sylvestre,
Cha2rophyllum sylvestre.
CEREL^EUM, Cerate.
CEREOLE, Cerate.
CEREOLUS, Bougie.
CERERISIA, Cerevisia.
CERERIUM, Cenum.
CEREU.M MEDICATUM, Bougie.
CEREl'S, Bougie.
CEREVIS'IA, quasi Cereris'ia, Cervis'ia, Ce'-
lia, Zylhus, Zythum, lyiqaor Cer'eris, Oirof KptQrn,
Vinum hordea*ceum, Bira, Bryton, jipvTOy, Barley
ivine, from Ceres, 'com;' whence it is made.
Ale (Alia,) (Sc.) Barley-bree, Barley-corn, Beer,
Porter, (F.) Bi^re, Cervoise. These Huids are
drunk by the inhabitants of many countries
habitually, and in Great Britain and Germany
more than in others. They are nourishing, but
not very easy of digestion. The old dispensato-
ries contain numerous medicated ales, which are
no longer in use. Some, however, are still ad-
mitted. They are the BrutoUs ou BrytoUs of
Chereau, Brytolatures of Beral ; — Biercs Medi-
cinales.
Cerevisia Abietis, Beer, spruce — c. Nigra,
see Falltranck.
CERFEUIL, Scandix cerefolium — c. Musque,
CERION
190
CEEVUS
Chscrophyllum odoratum — c. Sauvage, Chaero-
phyllum sylvestre
CERION, see Favosus, Porrigo favosa.
CEIifSIER, Prunus cerasus — c. d Grappes,
Prunnspadus — c. de Virgiiiie, Prunus Virginiana.
CE'RITJM, Cere'rium. A metal which is never
found isolated, being usually combined with lan-
thanium or lantanium and didymium. The
salts of cerium are supposed to be sedative and
tonic. They have been used iri dyspepsia in its
various forms ; the vomiting of pregnancy, <fec.
Dose of the oxalate or nitrate, one or two grains.
CERNIN, SAINT, WATERS OF. St. C. is a
parish in the diocese of St. Flour, Upper Au-
vergne, France. The water is a chalybeate. It
is called Enu du Camhon.
CERNOS, Capistrum.
CEROE'NE, Ctrou'tie, or Cirone'ne, Ceroe'num,
from Ktipog, 'wax,' and oivos, 'wine.' A plaster
composed of yellow wax, mutton suet, pilch, Bur-
gundy pitch, hole Armeniac, thus and wine. It
was used as a strengthening plaster. Sometimes
it contained neither wax nor wine.
CEROLEUM, Cerate.
CEROMA, Cerate. See Lardaceous.
CEROMANTI'A, from Knpoi, 'wax,' and fiav-
Ttia, ' divination.' The art of foretelling the fu-
ture, from the figures which melted wax assumes,
■when suffered to drop on the surface of water.
CERONIUM, Cerate.
CEROPIS'SUS, from <CT7poj, 'wax,' and ■iriaca,
'pitch.' A depilatory plaster, composed of pitch
and wax.
CEROS, Cera.
CEROSTROSTS, Hystriciasis.
CEROTUM, Cerate.
CEROXYLON, see Cera flava et alba.
CERUA, Ricinus communis.
CERU'MEN, from cern, 'wax.' C. An'rium,
Ce'rea, Avrium Sordes, Sordic'ulm an'rium, Mar-
mora'ta Au'rium, Cypsele, Ceru'minoua Humour,
Ear-ioa.r, Cyp' sells, Fu'gile, (F.) Cire des Oreillea.
A name given to the unctuous humour, similar
to wax in its physical properties, which is met
with in the meatus audiforins externus. It is
secreted by glands, situate beneath the skin lining
the meatus. It lubricates the meatus, preserves
the suppleness of the lining membrane, prevents
the introduction of bodies floating in the atmo-
sphere, and by its bitterness and unctuousness
prevents insects from penetrating.
CERU'MINOUS, Oerumino'sua, (F.) Cerumi-
neux. Relating to cerumen.
CERnMiNons Glands, Ceru'minoua Follicles,
(F.) Glnndes ou Follicules cerumineusea. Glands
or follicles which secrete the cerumen.
CERUSE, Plumbi snbcarbonas.
CERUSSA ACETATA, Plumbi superacetas —
c. Alba Hispanica, Plumbi subcarbonas — c. Alba
Norica, Plumbi subcarbonas — c. Nigra, Graphites
— c. Psymmithron, Plumbi subcarbonas — c. Ser-
pentaria?, see Arum maculatum.
CERUSSE, Plumbi subcarbonas.
CERUS'SEA URI'NA. A term used by Para-
celsus for the urine, when of a colour like cerusse.
CERVARIA ALBA, Laserpitium latifolium.
CER VEA U, Cerebrum.
CERVELET, Cerebellum.
CERVELLE. Cerebrum.
CERVI BOLETUS, Elaphomyces Granulatus.
CERVI ELAPHI CORNU, Cornu cervi, see
Cervus.
CER'VICAL, Cervica'lis, Trnche'lian, (F.)
TraclMien, from cervix, cervicis, the neck, 'the
back of the neck.' Every thing which concerns
the neck. Cervi'cal, in antiquity, meant a pillow
or bolster.
Cervical Ar'teries are three in number : 1.
The oBcending, anterior, or superficial, a branch
of the inferior thyroid, distributed to the scalpni
muscles and integuments. 2. The transverse
{Cervico-scapnla ire— Ch.,) a branch of the axil-
lary artery, or of the subclavian : distributed to
the levator scapula, trapezius, Ac. .'5. The ;k>»-
terior or profound, A. transversa'lia colli, Tra-
chelo-cervicale — (Ch.) a branch of the subclavian,
distributed to the deep-seated muscles on the an-
terior and posterior parts of the neck. See, also,
Princeps Cervicis (arteria).
Ckrvioal Gan'gi-ioxs. The three ganglions
of the great sympathetic. The cervical (/lands
or lymphatic glands of the neck are, also, so
called. See Trisplanchnic nerve.
Ckrvical Lig'aments. These are two in
number. 1. The anterior, extending from the
basilary process of the occipital bone to the an-
terior part of the first cervical vertebra. 2. The
posterior or supraspi'nous, Liganten'lum Nu'cha,
which extends from the outer occipital protube-
rance to the spinous process of the seventh cer-
vical vertebra. In animals with large heads it is
very strong.
Cervical Nerves are eight in number on
each side, and form the eiijht cervical pairs, which
are the first given off from the spinal raarrovv.
Cervical Plexus, Plexus Trach^lo-souscntani
(Ch.) The nervous net-work formed by the an-
terior branches of the first three cervical nerves,
'above the posterior scalenus muscle, and at the
outer side of the pncumogastric nerve, carotid
artery, and jugular vein.
Cervical Rec.ion, Anterior Deep, Prerer'.
tebral region. The region of the neck, occupied
by three pairs of muscles placed immediately in
front of the cervical and three superior dorsal
vertebrse :^-viz. the rectus capitis anticus major,
the rectus capitis anticus minor, and longus colli ;
— hence termed prevertebral mnncles.
Cervical Veins have nearly the same distri-
bution as the arteries.
Cervical Ver'tebr^. The first seven verte-
brae of the spine.
CERVICALIS DESCENDENS, see Hypo-
glossus and Sacro-lunibalis.
CERVICARIA, Campanula trachelium.
CERVlCI-nORSO-SCAPULATRE, Rhom-
boideus — c. Dorso-costal, Serratus posticus su-
perior— c. Dorso-mastoidien et dorso-trachelien,
Splenius — c. ]lfastoidien, Splenius.
CER'VICO-FA'CIAL, Cervi'co-facia'lia. Be-
longing to the neck and face.
Cervico-facial Nerve, Nervus cerrico-fncia-
lis. A branch of the facial nerve, distributed to
the neck and face.
CERVISIA, Cerevisia.
CERVISPINA. Rhamnus.
CERVIX, Collnm. The neck, especially the
back part. A neck.
Cervix Obstipa, Torticollis— c. Uteri, Collum
uteri.
CERVOrSE, Cerevisia.
CERVUS, Cerva. The horn of the Cervus El'-
aphus, called Cornu, Cervi El'aphi Cornu, Cornu
Cervi'num, Hartshorn. (F.) Come de cerf, con-
tains 27 parts of gelatin in the 100. A jelly made
from the shavings is emollient and nutritive.
The Stag's Fizzle, Pria'pus Cervi. «iis once
considered to be aphrodisiac. Dose, Qj to 5, in
powder.
Cervits Alces. The Elh, (F.) Elan. The
hoof of this animal was anciently u.«ed as an anli-
epileptic. The animal, it was asserted, was sub-
ject to attacks of epilepsy, and always cured them
by putting its hoof into the ear. The hoof was
also'worn as an amulet.
Cornu Ustum, Burnt Hartshorn, has been used
as an antacid, but it consists of 57 parts of pho»-
C^SARIENNE OPERATION 191
CHAM.ELEA
phnte, am', only one of cnrhonatc of lime. It is,
therefore, not of much use.
CESA n IICXXE OPERA TION, Cacsarean
section.
CESSATIO MENSIUM, Amenorrhoea.
ClvSTRr'TKS. A wine prepared from betony,
(xftrr/)')!', ' hetony.')
CESTKON. Betonica officinalis.
CETA'CEUM, from xriroi, cftiix, 'a whale.'
AUinin Cell, A'lipoce'rn celn'xn, StciirV nnm ccfn'-
cenm, Spermacet'i, Parmncit'y. Sperm, (F.) Blanc
lie Buhine, Celine, Adipoo're de lirtleine. An
inodorous, insipid, white, crystallized, friable,
unctuous suVistanee, obtained from the brnin of
the Pln/Hf'tpr M<tvrocepli'filiis or Spermaceti Whale,
(F.) Ciirhaint, and other varieties of whale.
S. p. •9t.S.'?: melts at 112°. It is demulcent and
emollient, and has been given in coughs and
dysentery, but is mostly used in ointments. Dose,
gss to 3''*-"'' rubbed up with sugar or egg.
CETERACH OFFICINARUM, Asplenium
ceterach.
CErTNR. Cetaceum.
CETRARIA ISLANDICA, Lichen islandicus.
CETRARIN. see Lichen islandicus.
CETRARrUM, see Lichen islandicus.
CEVADILLA, see Veratrura sabadilla — c. His-
pftnr>rum, Veratrum sabadilla.
CEVADILLE, Veratrum sabadilla.
CIIAA. Thea.
GIIAOHILLE, Croton cascarilla.
CHAI)LO('K, Sinapis arvensis.
CH^EREFOLIUM, Scandi.K cerefolium.
Cn^RROI'HYL'LUM, from ;^a£pa), 'I rejoice,'
and (pi'Wov, 'a leaf,' owing to its luxuriant foliage.
Scaiuli.x cerefolium.
Cn^nopiiYr-i.tiM CKnEFOMuw, Scandix cerefo-
lium— c. Angulatum, Ch. sylvestre.
CU/KHOPiiYi/Lrjf OnoRA'Tiuf, Scandix seu
Ciciita'rin Odorrt'ta, Myrrhin Odora'tn seu Major,
Cerefo'linm Hispayi'ioim, Sweet Cic"ehi, (F.)
Cerfeiiil miixqnee on d'Enpnr/iie ; Order, Umbelli-
ferse ; has the smell of aniseed, and is cultivated
on account of its aromatic proy^erties.
Cn.F.nopHVL'nTM MoNOGYNUM, Ch. sylvestre —
c. Sativum, Scandix.
CH.^noi'ilYL'LiTM Sylves'trk, Cic.uta'rin, Cha-
rnphi/l'/iim teni'tdiim seu monor/'t/niim seu angii-
In'tiim seu rerticeUa'tiim, Aiitliris'cim hit'niilix seu
proc"eriin, Cerefo'Iium Si/loen'tre, Bastard Hem-
lock, Wild Chervil or Cow-weed, (F.) Cerfeuil
gaurnije, Pemil d'Ane, is a slightly fetid aromatic,
but is not used.
rii.KRopitvi.LtiM TRMtfT.Tnt. Chnsrophyllum syl-
vestre— c Vorticillatum, Ch. sylvestre.
CII.F.TE. Capillus.
CHAFING, Enjthe'ma Infertri'fjo, Intertri'ffo,
Pitrntrim'mn, Paratrip'tis, Diotrim'mn, Attri'ta,
Allrit"io, from (F.) eichantT'-r, eehrmffer, 'to
heat,' Fret, Gall of the shin; Altri'tim, fF.)
Echniiffemens, Ecorchvrei. The red excoriations
which occur in consequence of the friction of
parts, or between the folds of the skin, especially
in fat or neglected children. AVnshing with cold
water ami dusting with hair-powder is the best
preventii'e. When occurring between the nates
and in the region of the perinieum, from long
walking. — Ttitcrtri'gn pnd'iris, Proetal'r/ia iiiter-
triijinn'fin. — it is vulgarly designated by the
French Enlrefetaon.
CHArFRONE, Jawbone.
CHAIR. Flesh.
CHATH. OBSTETRIC. L:ibour chair.
CHAISE PERCEE. Ln.«anum.
CTIAL ASfS. Relaxation.
CIIALASMUS. Relaxation.
CIIALAS'TICUS, from ^'^Xau,, 'I relax.' A
I medicine proper for removing rigidity of the
fibres. — Galen. An emollient or relaxant.
CH.AL'AZA, Chalu'zion, Chalaziitm, Chalazo'-
«/«, Poro'nin, Graiido, Tophus, Hail, (F.) Grele,
Gravelle, from ^u\a^a, ' hail.' A hard, round,
transparent tumour, developed in dift'erent parts
of the body, more especially in the substance of
the eyelids. — Also, the Cicatricula of the egg.
Gener.ally, however, in the language of ovologists,
the chalazcB or poles are, in the egg of the bird,
the more dense internal layer of the albumen,
which adheres to the yolk, and is continued, in
the form of two spirally twisted bands, towards
the extremities of the egg. The twisting is con-
sidered to be produced by the revolving motion
of the egg in its descent through the oviduct.
CnAi,AZ.«, see Chalaza.
CIIALAZONEPIIRITIS, Kidney, Bright's
disease of the.
CHALCANTHUM, Atramentnm, Ferri sulphas
— c. Album, Zinci sulphas.
CIIALCEDONIUS, Cornelian.
CHALCITAS, Bismuth.
CIIALCITES, Colcothar.
CHALCOIDEUM (os), Cuneiform bone.
CMALCOS, Brass, Cuprum, ^reolum.
CTIALCrS. .*:reolum.
CHALEUR, Heat— c. yfere, see Acrid— c. Ani-
male. Animal heat, see Heat.
CHALEVRS DES ANIMAUX, see Heat—
c. du Foie, Heat.
CHALINI. see Lip.
CHAL'INOPLASTY, Chalinoplas'tice ; from
■X^aXivoi, 'fraMium,' 'a bridle,' and irAao-iru), 'I
form.' The operation for forming a new frsenum.
CHALK, Creta — c. Red, Rubrica febrilis — c.
Stones, Calculi, arthritic.
CHALL. Maxillary bone.
CHALYRE, Chalybeate.
CHALYB'EATE, Chalyhea'tus, Ferrvgin'eus,
FerriKjino'sns, Fcrra'liis, Martia'lin, Femi'fji-
noiis, Mar'tial, (F.) Ferriit/ineitJc, Chalijb?, from
chali/hs. ' iron or steel.' Of, or belonging to iron ;
containing iron. Any medicine into which iron
enters, as rhnli/hente mijctiire, pilh, waters, &c.
See Waters, Mineral.
CHALYIilS RUBTGO, Ferri subcarbonas.
CHALYBOKREN/E, Water, mineral, (cha-
lybeate.)
CHALYBOPEGiE, "Water, mineral, (chaly-
beate.)
CH.VLYBS, from Chalyhes ; a people of Pon-
tns, who dug iron out of the earth ; A'cies, Steel.
The Proto-carhuret of iron, (F.) Acier. As a
medicine, steel does not differ from iron.
CriAT.vns Tartarizatus, Ferrum tartarizatum.
CHAMA. Cheme.
CIIA.M.'EACTE, Sambucus ebulus.
CHAM.FBATOS. Fragaria.
CHAM.E('E1>R1S, Artemisia santonica.
CH.AM.-E'^tSSUS, Glechoma hcderacea.
CHAM^CLEMA, Glechoma hederacea — c.
Ilederncea, Glechoma hederacea.
CHAM.ECYPARISSUS, Artemisia santonica.
CHAM.KDROPS, Teucrium chamaedrys.
CHAM^EDEYi'TES. A wine, in which the
Teti'erinm Chitmcrdry^ has been infused.
CIIAM.FiORYS, Rubus channernorus, Teu-
crium Ch., A'^eronica — c. Ineana maritima, Teu-
crium marum — c. Marum, Teucrium marum — c.
Minor repens, Teucrium Ch. — c. Palustris, Teu-
crium scordium — c. Scordium, Teucrium scordium
— c. Vu'iaris. Teucrium Ch.
CHAM^GEIRON. Tussilago.
CIIAM/EL.EAGNUS, Myrica gale.
CHAM-F.LAI'TES. A win« impregnated with
Chnmelen, Daphne Alpi'na.
CIIAMJELEA, Cneorum tricoccum.
CHAM.ELEON ALBUM
1 02
CIIARLOTTEVILLE
CHAM.^.T.EON ALBUM, Carlina acaulis.
CHA^LET,K^(^E, Tu8Mlago.
CHA>L'K1JNUM. Linuin cntharticum.
CHAM.ELIK'IUAI LU'TEUM, x"^"'. 'on the
ground,' ami Aeipoi', 'a lily,' [?] Vera'tnim lii'-
tetiin, Helo'iiitis lit'ten sen Ih'oi'ca, Devil's Bit,
Blazinfji «t(ii; U'liirorn root ; indigenous; Order,
Melanthacea;; flowering in June; is acrid. An
infusion of the root has been given as an anthel-
mintic: a tincture, as a tonic.
CHAM^EMELUM, Anthemis nobilis — c. Foe-
tidum, Anthemis eotula — c. Nobile, Anthemis
nobilis — e. Odoratum, Anthemis nobilis — c. Vul-
gare, Matriciiria chainomilla.
CHAMyEMOilUS, Teucrium chamnepitys, Ru-
bus chamaimorus — c. Norwegica, Rubus chamte-
morus.
CHAMyEPET^CE, Camphorosma Monspeliaca.
CIIAM^PITUrNUM VINUM. A wine, in
which tlie leaves of the Chmna'pitys, Teu'crium
Cha»i(p'/>iti/K, have been infused.
CHAM^EPITYS, Teucrium chatnajpitys — c.
Anthyllus, Teucrium iva — c. Moschata, Teu-
crium iva.
CHAM^.PLTON, Erysimum.
CHAMzERAPII'ANUM, from x^f". 'on the
ground,' and pmpavos, 'the radish.' So Paulus
of jEgiiia calls the upper part of the root of the
Apiiim.
CIIAM^E'ROPS SERRAT'ULA, Saw Pal-
metto, from :!taAiai, 'on the ground,' and pw\P, 'a
shrub.' A farina is prepared from the roots of
this plant, which is used by the Indians, in Flo-
rida, as diet.
CHAMRAR, Magnesia.
CHAMBER, Cam'era, (F.) Chnmhre. A term
used in speaking of the eye, in which there are
two chambers, C'lm'ercp. oc'iili : — an anterior and
& posterior ; (F.) Chomhre anlerieure et iwsteri-
eiire. The anterior is the space between the
cornea and the anterior part of the iris: — the
posterior, the space between the iris and anterior
surface of the crystalline. They are filled with
the aqueous humour, and communicate by the
opening in the pupil.
CHAM'BERLAIN'S RESTOR'ATIVE
PILLS. This nostrum, recommended in scro-
fula, and ail impurities of the blood, has been
analyzed by Dr. Paris, and found to consist of
cinnabar, stilphur, siilpjhate of lime, and a little
vegetable matter. Each pill weighs 3 grains.
CHAMP.RE, Chamber.
CHAM BRIE, Cannabis sativa.
CIL^MELEA, Daphne Alpina.
CIIAMOM ILE, DOGS', Matricaria chamomilla
— c. Dyers', Anthemis tinctoria — c. German,
Matricaria chamomilla — c. Spanish, Anthemis
pyrethruin — c. Stinking, Anthemis eotula — c.
Wild, Anthemis eotula, Matricaria glabrata.
CHAMOMILLA FOJTIDA, Anthemis eotula
— c. Kostras, Matricaria chamomilla — e. Ro-
mana, Anthemis nobilis — c. Spuria, Anthemis
eotula.
CHAMPACA, Michelia champaca.
CHAMPfGXOy, Fungus — c. de I'Appareil
des Fractures, Clavaria — c. de Conche, see Agaric
— c. du Ferment, Torula cerevisiae — c. de 3falte,
Cynomorion coocineum — c. du lluguet, Aphtha-
pbyte.
CHAMPOOTNG, Shampooing.
CHANCEBONE, Ischion.
CHANCELAGUA. Canchalagua.
CHANCRE {¥.), Sh anker, Ulcns seu TTleus'cn-
lum cancro'siim. A sore, which arises from the
direct application of the venereal virus; hence it
is almost always seated, in men, on the penis.
The French use the word Chancre, in popular
language, for cancerous ulcers, the malignant
aphthte of children, <fec. Formerly, the terms
Car'oli and C'l'rics piidendo'rnm were u.sed for
venereal pustules or sores on the parts of gene-
ration. ,
CHANCRE LARVE. A concealed chancre,
such as has been sujjposed by M. Ricord to give
occasion to gonorrhoea virulenta.
CHANVREUX, Ohanrrcnse (P.), Caiicro'sm,
Carcino'des. Having the nature of chancre, or
of cancer.
Jiouton Chancrenx. A small tumour of a can-
cerous nature, which makes its appearance on
the face — most frequently on the upper lip — Noli
Me ta)igere [?].
CHANDOO. An aqueous extract of opium
used by the Chinese for smoking.
CHANGE OF LIFE, see Menses.
CHANNELBONE, Clavicle.
CHANT DES ARTE RES, Sifflement moduU.
CHANYRE, Cannabis sativa — c. Bdtard,
Galeopsis grandiflora — c. Indien, Bangue.
CHAOMANTI'A. The alchymists meant, by
this word, the art of predicting the future from
observation of the air. The word Chaos was
used by Paracelsus for the air; {navTeia, 'divi-
nation.')
CHAOSDA, Plague.
CHAPERON DE IfOlNE, Aconitum napel-
lus.
CHA PETONNA DE, Chappetonnade.
CHAPITEAU, Alembic.
CHA PRE DONA DE, Chappetonade.
CHAPPETONADE, Chapjyedonade, Chape-
fonnade (F.), Vom'itns rahio'sus. Vomiting, ac-
companied by furious delirium, attacking stran-
gers in hot countries.
CHAPS, Rhagades.
CHAR'ACTER, xapaKTtjp, 'a mark or impres-
sion.' (F.) Caractere. In Pathology it is used
synonymously with stamp or appearance. We
say, "A disease is of an unfavour.ible character,"
'' The prevailing epidemic has a bilious charac-
ter," &c. In Mental Philosophy it means — that
which distinguishes one individual from another,
as regards his understanding and passions. See
Symbol.
CHARA'DRIUS. .Elian thus calls a bird,
which was reputed to cure jaundice. The word
now means the plover.
CHARANTIA, Momordica elaterium.
CHARDON, Anthrax carbo, Carbo ligni — c.
Animal, Carbo animalis — c. IHnirul, Graphites
— c. Pnlmonaire, Anthracosis.
CHARBONNEUX, Anthracoid.
CHARCOAL, Carbo — c. Animal, Carbo ani-
malis.
CHARDON AUX ANES, Onopordium acan-
thium — c. Binit, Centaurea benedicta — c. d, Bon-
netier, Dipsaous fullonum — c. Etoile, Centaurea
calcitra])a — ■ c. a. Fonlon, Dipsacus fullonum — c.
Hemorrhoidal, Cirsium arvense — c. 3larie, Car-
duus Marianus — c. Roland, Eryngium cauipestre.
CHAR'LATAN, from Ital. ciarlarc, 'to talk
much ;' Circula'tor, Circumfora'nens, Periodeu'tcs,
Psendomed'icua, Agyr'ta, Anacyc'leon, a Quad;
Qnacksalber, Empirical Pretender, Emp'iric.
Originally, one who went from place to place to
sell a medicine, to which he attributed marvellons
properties. By extension — any individual, who
endeavours to deceive the public by passing him-
self off as more skilful than he really is. Ac-
cording to Menage, the word comes from cirai-
lalaiius, a corruption o{ circulator.
CHAR'LATANRY, Arjyr'tin, Banan'sia, the
conduct or action of a charlatan. (F.) Charln-
tanerie, Charlalanisme, Quackery, Empiricism.
CHARLOCK, Sinapis arvensis.
CHARLOTTEVILLE SULPHUR SPRING,
see Canada, Mineral Waters of.
CHARM
193
CHAULE
CHARM, Lat. Gormen, 'a verse,' because
charms ol'ten consisted of verses, whence couics
the Italian, Cianim, (F.) Charme, with the same
Bignificatiijn ; Cunln'tio, Incantdiiien'ttiin. A trick,
a spell, an cnchantiuent. A sort of magic, or
eupcrstitiiuis practice, consisting of words, charac-
ters, itc, liy which, it was believed, individuals
might be struck with sickness or death, or be
restored to health.
The following are specimens of old charms —
ver»e charms :
For stanching Blood, (Pepys.)
Panpruis mane in te
i*icut ('hriiitus fuit in se;
San;;uis iimne in tua vena
f»i('ut Clirintus in sua p(enu;
Siiii5/;uis mane fixus,
Sicut Christus quando fuit crucifixus.
For Cramj), (Pepys.)
Crnnip Ije thou fiiintloss,
Ak our iady was sinless,
AVhcn slie bare Jesus.
For the Foot lohen aelcep, (Coleridge.)
Foot! foot! foot! is fa.«t asleep !
Thuml)! thumb! thumb! in spittle wo steep ;
Crosses tliree we niako to ease us,
Two for the thieves, and one for Christ Jesus.
The same charm served for cramp in the leg,
with this substitution :
The devil is tyinfi a knot in my les!
Murk, Luke, and John, unloose it, I beg I —
Crosses three, &e.
For a Burn, (Pepys.)
There came throe angels out of the Kast;
The one hronnht fire, the other brought frost.
Out firir, in frost.
In the name of the Father and Son and Holy Ghost.
Amen.
CEARNIERE, Ginglymus.
CIIAIiX(\ Carneous.
CIIMU'EXTH OSSEUSE. Skeleton.
CH A It PIE, Ijinteum — c. Brute, see Linteum
— c. Hiiprr, see Linteum.
CIIAKTA ANTIARTimiTICA, Gout paper
— c. Antiihoumatiea, Gout paper — e. Vesieatoria,
see Sparadrapum Vesicatorium — c. Virginea,
Amnios.
CflARTRE, Tabes mcsenterica.
CHAS (F.), AcHH fora'meu. The <?ye of a nee-
dle. Sotnotimes, this opening is near the point
of the instrument, as in the ligature needle.
CIIASClirSClI, see Bangue.
CIIASME, Yawning.
CIIASPE, Variola.
CIIASSE (F.), Mnnu'brium. A kind of handle
composed of two movable laminaj of horn, shell,
or ivory, united only at the extremity, which
holds the blade of the instrument, — as in the
common bleeding lancet. Also, a /('(/Kcur or alco-
holic liquor, taken after a meal ; hence chasse-
cafi, chiiKKe-tout, &c., from (F.) chnsser, 'to drive,'
because presumed to aid digestion.
CIIASSIE {¥.), Lcma, Lij^pa, Glama, Gleme,
Grn'mia, Lemos' itaK, Sebum pal pehra' le ; the gmn
of the eye, (Prov.) Gound or Gownde, from chns-
ser, 'to drive out.' A sebaceous humour, se-
creted mainly by the follicles of Meibomius,
which sometimes glues the eyelids together.
CnASS/ECX (F.), Lippiis ; covered with
Chassie — as I'aiipieres chnssicuses.
CHASTE TREE, Vitex.
CfLi TA IGNE, see Fagus castanea — c. d'Ean,
Trapa n a tans.
CIIATAIGNTER COMMUN, Fagus castanea
>-c. uV'C'i. Fagus castanea pumila.
13
CHATEAU-LANDON, WATERS OF. A
town three leagues from Nemours, in France.
The waters contain alum and iron.
CHATEAU-SALINS, WATERS OF; a town
in the department of La-Meurthe, France. The
waters contain carbonate of lime, sulphates of
lime and magnesia, and chlorides of magnesium
and sodium.
CIIATELDON, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Chateldon is in the department of Puv-de-Dome,
France. The waters contain carbonic acid and
iron.
CHATEL-GUYON, MINERAL AVATERS
OF. A village in France, in the department
Puy-de-D6me, near which there are five thermal
acidulous springs. Temperature, 86° Fahrenheit.
CIIATON (F.), 'a husk.' In pathology, it
means a funda or cavity formed by the irregular
or hour-f/hiss contraction of the uterus, in which
the placenta is often retained or enchatonne. after
the birth of the child. It is detected by passing
the fingers along the cord as far as the part whicli
is contracted, when the placenta will not be dis-
coverable.
The treatment consists in relaxing by a large
dose of an opiate, then passing the fingers along
the cord, and gradually dilating the opening
through which it passes, until it permits the hand
to go through. The placenta must then be
grasped and gently withdrawn.
CHATON, Vaginal process.
OHATONNE, fiicarcern'tns, from chnton. An
epithet in French for anything shut up in a sac,
or imprisoned in any manner — as
CHATONNE, CALCUL (F.), Cal'culus incar-
cera'tus, Eiicyn'ted C'd'cnlus, Calcul enkysti. A
urinary calculus, adherent to the inner surface
of the bladder, so that it is immovable, and can-
not jiass to the different parts of that organ.
This happens when calculi form in some natural
or accidental cavity of the bladder; or when the
organ, by ulceration, gives rise to fungi, which
surround the calculus; or when it is lodged in
the orifice of the ureter or urethra.
CHATONNE, PLACENTA (F.). The pla-
centa when retained as above described. See
Chaton.
CHATONNEMENT (F.), Enchatonnement,
Incarcera'tio, Chatonnemeut du placenta, EnkyH-
tenient. — Hour-glass contraction of the uterus.
See Chaton.
CHATOUILLEMENT {¥.). This word some-
times means the action of tickling or titillation
(Titilla'tio,) and, at others, the sensation which
gives rise to the action [I'ruri'tus,) Itching.
CHATRE, Castratus.
CHATRURE, Castration.
CHAUDEAU, Caudle.
ClIArDEBOURG, MINERAL WATERS OF.
C. is three quarters of a league from Thionvillo,
in France. The waters contain iron, sulphate
of lime, sulphate of magnesia, and carbonate of
lime.
CHA UDEPISSE, Gonorrhoea impura— e. Cor-
dee, Gonorrhoea cordata — c. Tombee dans les
Bourses, Hernia humoralis.
ClIAUDES-AIGUKS, MINERAL AVATERS
OF. A small town in the department of Cantal,
France, where there is a number of saline sju-ings
containing carbonic acid, carV>onate of soda, and
chloride of sodium. Temp. 190° Fahrenheit.
CHAUDIilRE, see Alembic.
CHAUFFOIR (F.), Linteum Calefacto'rtum.
According to the Academic, a warmed cloth, used
either for the purpose of warming a patient, or
to apply to a female recently delivered.
CHAULE, Maxillary bone.
CIIAULMOOGRA
194
CIIELONOPHAGI
CHAULMOOGRA. The fruit of the CTa««
vtooijra, Gijnocnr'dia odorn'tn. Order, Cappa
ridole, of India. A bland fixed oil is obtained by
expressing the dried seed, which is used by the
natives in leprosy. The seed are given inter-
nally, in the dose of about .:5ss in the day, and
the eruption is rubbed with the oil.
CHA rSSE{F.), OhauHie d'llippocrate, Mniiehe
d'Hippocrale, Mtin'ica Hippoc' ratis, Mnii'ica,
Hippocrates' Sleeve. A conic;il bag, made of
flannel, for straining liquids.
CHAUSSE-TRAPPE, Centaurea calcitrapa.
CHAUVETE, Calvities.
CHAUX, Calx— c. Bicldorure de. Calcis chlo-
riduni — c. Clilontre de, Calcis chloridum — c. Hy-
droihlorate de, Calcis murias — c. Ili/droKiil/Kte
de, Calcis sulphuretum — c. Muriate de, Cnlcis
murias — e. iVuriate oxi't/ene de, Calcis chloridum
— c. Muriate aurnxi<jeiie de, Calcis chloridum —
c. Oxichlorure de, Calcis chloridum — c. Oximu-
riate de, Calcis chloridum — c. Phosphate de, see
Cornu cervi — c. Vire, Calx viva.
CHAVEL, Maxillary bone.
CHAVICA BETLB, Betel— e. Roxburghii,
Piper longum.
CHAWBOXE, Maxillary bone.
CHAWD PYS, Gonorrhoea impura.
CHAWING, Mastication.
CHECKER-BERRY, Ar utus uva ursi.
CHEEK. Gena—c. Teeth, Molar teeth.
CHEE.SE, Sax. cere, (L.) Ca'seua, Ti/ros, Pecte,
(Sc.) Ftirmar/e, (F.) Fromage. An aliment, pre-
pared from the caseous and oleaginous parts of
mill?. Fresh cheeses owe their chief medical
properties to the immediate principle, essentially
cheesy, to which the name ca'seiim or ca'neiii has
been applied. Those, which have been recently
salted, are digested with comparative facility.
The flavour of cheese is owing to an ammoniacal
easeate. On the whole, cheese itself is not easy
of digestion, although it may stimulate the sto-
mach to greater exertion, and thus aid in the
digestion of other substances.
CHEESE RENNET, Galium vcrum.
CHEE'SY, Oasea'rius, Caseo'ans, Tyro'deit, (F.)
Caseiix ou Caseetix. Having the nature of cheese.
CHEF. Bandage (tail).
CIIEOOE. Ciiiqne.
CHE'; HE. (Jiiiqiie.
CHEILI'TIS, Chili'tis, from :\:aAo?, 'a lip.'
Inflammation of the lip. See Chilon.
CHEILOC'ACE, from ■)(^ii\o';, ' a lip,' and /caicof,
'evil.' Lahriaul'ciiini. A disense, characterized,
it is said, by swelling, induration, and sliglit red-
ness of the lips without inflammation ; reputed,
but without any authority, to be common in
England and Scotland, amongst children. Also,
the thielcness of the upper lip of scrofulous chil-
dren. See Stomacace, and Cancer aquaticus.
CHEILOCARCINO'MA, from :)(;£iAof, 'a lip,'
and KiipKivij>jia, 'a cancer.' Cancer of the lip.
CHEILOMALACIA, Cancer aquaticus, Sto-
macace.
CHEILON, Chilon.
CHEILON'CUS, CheilopTiy'ma, from .•\;aXoj,
'lip,' and oyKo^. ' swelling.' A swelling of the lip.
CIIEILOPHYMA, Cheiloneus.
CHEILOPLAS'TICE, Chlloplas'tiee, Chei'lo-
plantij, from ;^£iAof, 'lip,' and rXairriifof, 'form-
ing.' The operation for an artificial lip.
CHEILOS, Lip.
CHEIMA. Cold.
CHEIMETLON, Chilblain.
CHEIMIA, Rigor.
CHEIR, Manus, see Chir.
CHEIUAN'THUS CHEIRT, from x"P' '^'^^
hand,' and avGos, ' flower,' a flower for the hand.
The systematic name of the Common Yellnw Wnll
Flower, Vi'oUt In'tea, Leiico'ium lu'teiim, Keijri,
Cheiri, (F.) Geroflfe, Giroflfe ou Violier jiimie.
Orr?. Cruciferaj. The flowers have been esteemed
nervine, narcotic, and deobstruent.
CHEIRAP'SIA. The action of nibbing or
scratching, from X'^f'> '''^*^ hand,' and arru, 'I
touch.' A troublesome symptom in the ileh.
CIIEIRARTHROC'ACE, from;tc,p, 'thehaiul,'
apdjiov, 'a joint,' and KaKta, a ' disease.' Inflam-
mation of the articular surfaces of the wrist.
CHEIRIATER, Surgeon.
CHEIRIS'MA, C/ieiri„'m„8. The act of touch-
ing : — handling. Any manual operation.
CHEIRIXIS, Surgery.
CHEIRONOM'IA, Chironom'ia, from j^npo-
V0JJLI.U1. ' I exercise with the hands.' An exi>rciso,
referred to by Hippocrates, which consisted in
using the hands, as in our exercise of the dumb-
bells.
CHEIROPLETHES, Fasciculus.
CHEIROSIS, Subactio.
CHELA, Chele. Tills word has several signi-
fications. Cheln, a forlicd probe used for extract-
ing polj'pi from the nose. Chelce — chaps, or
cracks on the feet, organs of generation, Ac.
ChelcB likewise means clawp, especially those of
the crab. See Cancrorum Chelae.
CwFA.M Palpkbrauum, see Tarsus.
CHELAPA, Convolvulus jalapa.
CHELE, Chela.
CHELWOINE GRANDE, Chelidonium ma-
jus — c. Petite, Ranunculus ficaria.
CIIELIDON, ;;t£Xi(5u)i', the hollow at the bend
of the arm; Hirandn.
CHELIDONIA ROTUNDIFOLIA MINOR,
Ranunculus ficaria.
CHELIDONIUM, Bryonia alba— c.Diphyllum,
Stylophorum diphyllum — c. HEematodes, Cli.
majns.
CiiKMDo'Ninsr Ma,jus, Ch. lamntn'det, from
X^^i-i^v, ' a swallow,' because its flowering coin-
cides with the appearance of the swallow. Pu-
pa'ver Coriiicxda'tiim seu lu'tevm, Common Cel'-
andine, Tetterwort, (F.) Chelidoine grmide,
L'Eclaire, Herhe (J I'hirondelle. Ord. Papave-
raceae. Sex. Si/nt. Polyandria Monogynia. The
root and recent plant have been considered ape-
rient and diuretic. Externally, the juice has
been employed in some cutaneous diseases.
CiiELmoxiuM Minus, Ranunculus ficaria.
CHELIDO'NIUS LAPIS. A name given to
stones, which, it was pretended, existed in the
stomach of young swallows. They were formerly
believed capable of curing epilepsy.
CHELOTD, Cancroid.
CIIELOIS, see Cancroid.
CIIELO'NE, ;<;£Xu)v>7, 'a tortoise.' An instra-
ment for extending a limb ; so called, because in
its slow motions it resembled a tortoise. — Oriba-
sius. See Testudo.
Chet.o'ni?. (tLABRA, Common Snake Ttend, Tur-
I tie head. Turtle bloom, ShellfloiMr, Balmnny. An
indigenous plant, .S'e.r. Si/st. Didynamia Anpo-
spermia; blossoming from July to November.
The leaves are bitter and tonic ; without any aro-
matic smell, and with very little astringency.
C H E L 0 ' N I A M Y DA S, The Green Tiirlle.
This species of turtle abounds on the coast of
Florida. It is the one so prized by the epicure.
CIIELO'NION, Chelo'ninm, from Xf^"""' '*
tortoise,' from its resemlding in shape the shell
of that animal. The upper, gibbous part of the
back. — Gorrasus. The scapula.
CIIELONOPII'AGI, from x'^'^"'!' ' t^e tor-
toise, and ijiayu), ' I cat.' An ancient name fur
certain tribes, who dwelt on the coast of the Eed
CHELSEA PENSIONER
195
CHEST-MEASURER
Sea, and who lived only on tortoises. — Pliny,
Diodorus of Sicily.
CIIEL'SBA PEX'SrOXEIl. An empirical re-
medy for rheuinatisin and gout, sold under this
name, ((him (jiniinc, ^'] ; pDicdervd rknbnrb, ^'j j
cre'nn of tailur, ^j ; Jlowers i>f snlpliiir, ^j ; one
»i»(mc;/, finely powdered; made into an electuary
with a pound of clarified honey). l)ose, two
spoonfuls.
CIIEL'TENHAM, MINERAL WATEP.S OF.
C. is a town in Uloucestersiiire, Enjjland. nine
miles from Gloucester, and 94 W. of London.
Its water is one of the most celebrated natural
purgatives in England. It is a saline, acidulous
chalybeate, and is much frequented. Its main
constituents are chloride of sodium, sulphate of
soda, sulphate of magnesia, carbonic acid and
carbonate of iron.
CirKi.THNirAM Salts. These are .sometimes
made from the waters; at others, factitiously.
Tlie following is a formula: Sodii ch/orid., vkkj-
»ie». Hnlphiit., sodcB sulph., aa tt)j : dissolve, filter,
evaporate to dryness; then aiXA Ferri sulph., "^ss.
CiiEi-TKNiiAM Watkr, Aktificial, may be
made of hJpni>iii units, gr. xij ; iron filings, gr. j ;
Gldubi'.r's suit, ^iv; water, 4 gallons; impreg-
nated with the gas from marble powder and sid-
jihiirlc uviil, aa ^ij.
ClIELYS, Thorax.
CllEI.YS'CION, from x^^^i- 'tlie chest.' A
short, dry cough. — Galen, Hippocrates, Foesius.
CIIEME, Chama, Che'ramis. An ancient mea-
sure e(|uivalenC to about two teaspoonfuls.
CIIEM EUTfCE, Chymistry.
("IIEMIA, Chymistry.
ClIEMrATER, Chymiater.
C II EM I ATRIA, ChvmiMtria.
ClIEMICO-HISTOLOGY, see Chymico-his-
tolo^'V.
CliEMICUS, Chymical, Chymist.
CHEMISMUS, Chymism.
CHEMIST. Chymist.
CHEMISTRY, Chymistry.
CIIEMO'SIS, Ghijmo'sis, from ;^'7/i'?, 'an aper-
ture,'or rather, perhaps from ■)(xi\jLO'i, 'an humour.'
A name given to ophthalmia, when the conjunc-
tiva, surrounding the cornea, forms a high ring,
milking the cornea seem, as it were, at the bot-
tom of a well. By some, it is used synonymously
with ophthalmia membranarum. See Ophthal-
mia.
CFIEMOTTCE, Chymistry.
CilEMOTICUS, Chvmieal.
CIIENAY, MINERAL WATERS OF. Che-
ney is a town in France, two leagues from Rheims.
The waters are chalybeate.
CH/iXE, Quercus alba — c. Jfarin, Fucus vesi-
culosus — c. Petit, Teucrium chauuBdrys — c. Vert,
Ilex aquifoTium.
CHHXETrE, Teucrium chamsEdrys.
CffEXEVfS, see Cannabis sativa.
ClIEXOBOSCOX, Potentilla anserina
CIIENOC'OPRUS, from xi"' '^ goose,' and
itoT()Of, ' dung.' The ditnjj of the goose is so de-
sii;iiaied in some old Pharmacopoeias. It was
formerly employed as a febrifuge and diuretic.
CIIEXOPODE, Chenopodium.
CHEXOPODIUM AMLROSIACUM, Ch. am-
hrosio'ides.
ClIKSOPO'DItTM AMnROSIO'i'nRS, Oh. suffructico' -
sum sen ambrosiacnm seu Mcxica'nnm, from xnv,
' i\ gliosis' and novi, no^oi, 'a foot;' At'riplex
Mrxica'na, Ambri'nn ambrosio'i'des, Bntrys, I}.
Jte-ricd'nu seu Amrrica'na. Ambrosio'ides Jfp.ri-
C'l'iin, Artemis'in fiotri/s, Me.rico or Spanish Tea,
(F.) Ansirine, Thf da Mexiqne, Ambrosie ou Am-
broisie dii Me.riqne. Ord. Chenopodiaceae. The
infusion w.is once drunk as tea. It has been
given in paralytic cases ; and in the United States
is said to be used as an anthelmintic indiscrimi-
nately with Ch. anthelminticum.
Chesoi'o'dium Anthelmin'ticcm, Chenopo'-
dinm, liotrys seu Ambri'na untltelntin'tivii. Worm-
seed, WormfjooHvfoot, Wormseed yoosej'oot, Jern-
snlem Oak of America, Goosej'out, Stinkweed, (F.)
Anserine authclmintique, A. verml/uge. Thid
plant grows plentifully in the United States.
The fruit — Chenopodium, {Ph. U. S.) — is much
used in cases of worms. Dose of the powder,
from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful or more.
The oil, O'lenm Uhenopo'dii, (Ph. U. S.), from
8 to 10 drops, is more frequently exhibited. It
is as much used in America as the Semen San-
ton'iei is in England.
Chenopo'dium Bonus Henri'ccs, Chrysolach'-
anum, Merenria'lis, Bonus Ilenri'eus, Tota bona,
L((p'uthnm unetuo' sum, Chenopo'dium, Ch. sagit-
ta'tum. Pes anseri'nus, English Afercnry, Allgnod,
Angular-leaved goosefoot. Mercury goosefoot. Good
King Henry, (F.) Anserine Bon Henri, Hpinard
sauvage. The leaves are emollient, and have
been applied to ulcers, <fcc. It has also been con-
sidered refrigerant and eccoprotic.
Chenopo'dium Botiiys, Ambri'na Botrys, Bo-
trys, B. culga'ris, Ambro'sia, Artemis' la Cheno-
po'dium, At'riplex odoru'ta seu suav'eolens ;
.Jerusalem Oak, (Eng.), (F.) Anserine Botrys, pos-
sesses anthelmintic properties, and was once
given in diseases of the chest, palsy, &c. It is
useless.
Chenopo'dium Fcetidum, Chenopodium vulva-
ria — c. Olidum, Ch. vulvaria.
Chenopo'dium Quinoa, Qninua. A nutritious,
wholesome, and agreeable article of food with the
Peruvians. The leaves, before the plant attains
maturity, are eaten as spinach : but the seeds are
most generally used as food, boiled in milk or
broth, and sometimes cooked with cheese and
Spanish pepper.
Chenopodium Sagittatum, Ch. Bonus Henri-
cus — c. Suffructicosum, Ch. ambrosioides.
Chenopodium Vulva'iiia seu foe'tidnm seu
ol'idunt, At'riplex fui'tida seu ol'ida, Vulva'ria,
Garos'mum, Jiaphex, Sti)i/cing Oraehe or Goose-
foot, (F.) Vulcaire, Arroche puant. Anserine f 6-
tide. The fetid smell has occasioned it to bo
used as an antispasmodic and nervine.
CIIEOPINA, Cheopine.
CIIEQUERBERRY, Gaultheria.
CIIERAMIS, Cheme.
CIIERBACIIEM, Veratrum album.
ClIERBAS, Lettuce.
CIIER.MES, Kermes — c. Mineral, Antimonii
sulphuretura praeipitatum, and A. sulphaietum
rubrum.
CHERXIBIUM, Urinal.
CHERRY, BIRD, Prunus padus — c. Choke,
Prunus Virginiana — c. Ground, Physalis viscosa.
Cherry Thee, Red, Prunus cerasus — c. Tree,
black, Prunus avium — c. Tree, wild, Prunus Vir-
giniana — c. Water, Kirschwasser.
Cheisry, Wild Cluster, Prunus padus — c.
Winter, Phvsalis.
CHERS.I;, Pieces.
CHER Vt, Siuui sisarum.
CHERVIL, Scandix cerefolium — c. AVild, Chae-
rophyllum sylvestre.
CHESIS, from ;;(c^£ii', 'to go to stool.' A more
frequent desire to evacuate the bowels.
CHEST, Thorax — c. Explorator, see Explo-
rator, chest.
CHEST-MEASURER, SIBSON'S. An in-
strument, described by Dr. Sibson, which is used
for determining the mobility of the chest. It is a
species of spring, which, when applied to the
parietes of the chest, measures the modifications
of its diameters, and indicates, by the motion of
CHEST, NARROW.
196
CIIINCIIUNCIIULLI
the index hand on a dial, any movement of re-
spiration, to the hundredth of an inch.
CHEST, NARROW, see Lordosis.
CHESTNUT TREE, Fa^us castanea.
OHEVAUCHEMENT (¥.), Oi'sium superpo-
sW'io sou efjiiita'tio, Parallax' in, ParnUny'ma.
From cheoaucher, {cheva/, 'a horse'), 'to ride on
horseback.' The riding of one bone over another
after fracture, s'ving rise to shortening of the
limb. See Riding of Bones.
CHEVELUliE, Scalp.
CHEVESTIiE, Chevetre, Ccipw'trum, (from
ertpiit. ' the head.') A bandage, applied round
the head in cases of fracture or luxation of the
lower jiiw. According to the mode in which it is
made, it is called simple, double, oblique, &C.
VHEVEU, Capillus.
CHEVILLE DU PIED, Malleolus.
CHE VREFEUILLE, Lonicera periclyme-
nuin.
CHEVROTATN PORTE-MUSC, see Musk.
CHEVROTANTE ( VOIX), Egophony.
CHEWING, Mastication.
ClIEYLETUS SCABIEI, see Psora.
CIIEZANAN'CE, from x'-^'^' ' I go to stool.'
and avnyKri, ' necessity.' An ointment composed
(if honey and alum, and rubbed on the anus to
occasion evacuations. — Paulus of iEgina.
ClIIA, Cilia terra, from ChioH,a,n island where
it was found. A kind of white earth, formerly
used for burns.— (Jalen.
CHTACUM COLLYR'IUM. A collyrium con-
sisting of several drugs and Chian wine. — Paulus
of JFi'^\na..
CHIADUS. Furunculus.
CHIAS'MUS, Chia.'ma, Chiasm, from X'"?'^-
to form like the letter x- The crucial union of
jiarts, — as the optic coiinninmtre or chiasm, of the
optic nerve, — Chias'nius seu Chiaa'ma nervo'rum
optieo' rum.
CHIASTER, Kiaster.
CIIIAS'TOS. Same etymon. A bandage, so
called because it resembles the letter x- — Ori-
basius.
CHIBOU, see Bursera gummifera.
CHICHA. A drink made in Peru with Indian
meal dried in the sun, and fermented with water.
Its taste is that of bad cider. It is also made
from rice, peas, barley, <tc.
CHICK'S SPRINGS, see South Carolina,
mineral waters of.
CHICKEN-BREASTED, see Lordosis.
CHICKEN-BROTH. When chicken-tea is
boiled down one-half, with the addition of a little
parale;/ or celery, and the yolk of an egg previ-
ously beaten up in two ounces of soft water, it
forms a soup much relished by the convalescent.
CHICKEN-PEPPER, Ranunculus abortivus.
CHICKENPOX, Varicella.
CHICKEN-TEA, Ohicken-tcater, This maybe
prepared as follows : Take a small chicken, freed
from the skin and fat between the muscles; and
having divided it longitudinally, remove the
lungs, liver, and every thing adhering to the
back and side-bones: cut the whole — bones and
muscles — into very thin slices; put into a pan
with a sufficient quantity of boiling water; cover
the pan : and simmer with a slow fire for two
hours. Put the pan upon the stove for half an
hour, and strain through a sieve.
Used where the lightest animal diet is indicated.
CHICKEN-WATER, Chicken-tea.
CHICKENWORT, Alsine media.
CHICKWEED, Alsine media— c. Water, Cal-
litriche verna.
CHICOREE DES JARDTNS. Ciehorlum en-
divia^-c. S'invnf/e, Cichorium intybus.
CIIICORY; Cichorium intybus.
CITTOOT, Stump (of a tooth).
ClIICOTIS (F.). The bitter powder or juice
of the colocynth, with which the nurse, at times,
rubs her nijjple when desirous of weaning nil
infant.
CHIENDENT, Triticum repcns — c. Uoufje,
Sarsaparilla Germanica.
ClIIGGO, Chi, pie.
CHIGGRE, Chiiiiie.
CHIGOE, Cliiipic.
CHILBLADDER, Chilblain.
CHIL'BLAIN, (Prov) Cliilhladder, Per'nin,
Bugnii'tia, Eri/tlie'ina Per'nio seu u Fri'ijnri,
Chcitiiet'lnn, Cliimet'luin, Chimon, Malce, from
chill, 'cold,' and Main, 'a pustule.' (F.) Eiige-
litre. An erythematous inflammation of the feet,
hands, &a., occasioned by cold. It is very com-
mon in youth — not so in the adult or in ailvanoej
age. It is apt to degenerate into painful, imlo-
lent ulcerations, called Kibes, (Sc.) J/ii/es. Chil-
blains are prevented by accustoming the part.s to
exposure ; and are treated by stimulant, terebin-
thinate, and balsamic washes, ointments, and
liniments.
CHILI), Infans.
CHILD-BEARING, Parturition.
CHILD-BED, Parturient, Parturition.
CHILD-BED FEVER, Puerperal fever.
CHILD-BIRTH, Parturition.
CHILD-CROWING, Asthma thymicum.
CHILDHOOD. Infancy.
CHILD-ILL, Parturition.
CHILD-.MURDER, Infanticide.
CHILDREN'S BANE, Qicuta maculata.
CHILL CLIMATE OF, see Lima.
Chili, Minkral Waters of. The most cele-
brated mineral springs of Chili, in South Ame-
rica, are those of Peldehues and Cauquenes. Tlio
former are not far from St. Jago. They consist
of two sy)rings, one thermal, the other cold. The
hot spring is clear, inodorous, and contains soda
and carbonic acid. The cold spring contains iron
and sulphate of soda. Cauquenes is much re-
sorted to by invalids during the summer. Mine-
ral waters are very common in Chili. Those of
Apoquindo, Colina, and Cauquenes, have been
analyzed by Prof J. Lawrence Smith, M. 1).
CillLIOGRAMMA, Kilogramme.
CHILIOPHYLLON, Achillea millefolium.
CHILITES, Cheilitis.
CHILL, Rigor.
CHILir, Capsicum.
CHI'LON, Chei'loii, Cheili'tis, from ^f'^'S- '»
lip.' Inflammation of the lips. — Vogel. One
who has a thick lip ; Labeo, Labes.
CHILOPLASTICE, Cheiloplastice.
CHIMAPHILA, Pyrola umbellatu— c. Umbel-
lata, Pyrola umbellata.
CHIMETLUM, Chilblain.
CHIMIA. Chymistry.
CHIMIATER, Chymiater.
CHIMIATRIA, Chyraiatria.
Clf/JflE, Chvmistry.
CiriMISME, Chymism.
CFIIMISTE, Chymist.
CHIMON, Chilblain, Cold.
CHINA, Cinchona, Srailax china — c. Ameri-
can or West India, Smilax pseudo-china — o-
Calisaya, Cinchonas cordifolia; cortex — c. Occi-
dentalis, Smilax pseudo-china — c. Orientahs,
Smilax china — c. Ponderosa, Smilax china — c.
Ptcgia, Cinchonae cordifoliaj cortex — c. Koo'i
Smilax china — c. Spuria nodosa, Smilax pseudo-
china — e. Vera, Smilax china.
CHINCAPIN, Fagus castanea pumila— «•
Water, Nelumbium luteum.
CHINCHK. Cimex.
CHINCHINA, Cinchona.
CHINCnUNCHULLI, lonidium marcucci.
CHIN COUGH
197
CHLIAROS
CTTTNCOUGII. Pertussis.
CHINESE, MED'ICIXE OF THE, Medici'na
Sin'lcn. Moilitriiie h;is been li)ng, but most im-
perfeetly, pnietised liy the Chinese. From their
therapouties we have obtained the old operations
ot" .loiipuncture !in<l moxibiistion.
CIIING'S WORM LOZENGES, see Worm
Lozenges, China's.
CHI Nil) IX, Quinidia.
CHININUM, Quinine. See Chinium.
C H I N I 0 ' I D I N E, C/( iiio'idlne, Clnnoid!'ita,
Cliliiniillii, QniiKiid'tiie, Qidiioid'iii, Qui'nodin;\
from Ohiiiii, 'Cinchona.' A substance presumed
to be an alkaloid by SertUrner, who separated it
from cinchona. It has been supposed to be a
mixture of quinia, cinchonia, and a peculiar re-
sinous matter, but according to Liebig it is simply
the allcalciid (luinia in an amorphous state — umor-
plioiii (jiiiuiii.
CHINIUM ACETICUM, QuinifC acetas — c.
Arsenicosum, Quiniae arsenias — c. Citricum, Qui-
nijB citras — c. Ferrocyanogenatum, QuiniiB Fer-
rocyanns — c. llydrochloricum, Quinia3 uiurias
— c. Ilydroiodicum, Quiniie hydriodas — c. Ijac-
ticum, QuiniiB lactas — c. Muriaticum, Quiniic
niurias — c. Nitricum, Quini;e nitras — c. Phos-
phoricutn, Quinii«3 piiosphas — c. Salitum, Quini.e
niurias — c. Sulphuricum, Quinia) sulphas — c.
Tiuinicum, Quiniaj et Cinehoniije tannas — c. Va-
leriatiiouni, C^iini:« valerianas.
CillNXFA'WEED, Lichen roccella.
CIIiXOl.EINUM, Leukoleinum.
CHIN'QUAPIN, Fagus castanea pumila.
CHINWHELK, Sycosis.
CHlOOOCCyE RADIX, Caincos radix.
CIIIOLI, Furunculus.
CHION, Snow.
ClIIONAN'TIIUS VIROIN'ICA. Frhqe Tree,
Sitoiodrap Tree ; indigenous; Nat. Ord. Olcaceic;
from X'-'^^' 'snow/ and avSoq, 'a flower.' An
infusion of the root has been used as an antipe-
riodic and tonici.
CHIQUE (F.), Puce phiitmnfe, Pulex Pen'-
etrnnn, Dermatnph'ilns, SorcnpHifU'a peii'eirans,
Tick, Chii/gre, Cliig'oe, Cliir/f/o, Cfictjre, Chcrj'o'e,
Jl(/ger. A small insect in America and the An-
tilles, which gets under the epidermis, and excites
great irritation.
CIIIR. Manus, see Cheir.
CHIRAETA. Gentiana chirayta.
CIirilAliRA, from x^'P^ 'band,' and aypa, 'a
seizure.' (Jout in the hand.
CHIKAPOTHECA, Arsenal.
CHIRAPSIA, Fricticm.
CHIRARTHRrTIS, from x^'P, 'hnnd,' apOpov,
'joint,' anil itis, denoting inflammation. Inflam-
mation of the joints of tlie hand.
CIIIKAYITA. Gentiana chirayta.
CHIRAYTA, Gentiana chirayta.
CillKETTA. Gentiana chirayta.
CHIUIIEUMA. Chirrheuma.
CHIUrATEK. Surgeon.
CIirUTATRIA, Surgery.
ClIIIUMOVA, Anona tripetala.
CHIRISIS, Surgery.
CHIRISMUS. Surgery.
CHIRTXtS. Surgery.
CIHROCYRTO'SIS, from ;^;£ip„ 'the hand.' and
KvpTuirTK, 'crookedness.' Crookedness of the hand.
CIU'ROMANCY, Cliiromcili'n, Valicin'ium
chiroinan'ticitm. Palm' istry. from >^£ip, 'the hand,'
and /irivr£(«, 'divination.' (Y.) Chiromancie. Art
of divininsr by inspection of the hand.
CHIRONAX, Surgeon.
CIHRO'NIA. (from Chiron, ynpoi/. the Cen-
taur, who is said to have discovered its use.) A
p:enus of plants. Ord. Gentianaceae. Also, Ta-
mus communis.
Cnuio'-NiA A.vauLA'iiis, Anier'ican Cen'taury,
Rosepink, Wild Suc'cory, Bitterbloom, Ceiifnj,
Sabba'tia, S. Angiila'ris. Every part of this
plant is a pure and strong bitter, which property
is communicated alike to alcohol and water. It
is used as a tonic and stomachic.
Cqiro'.n'ia Ci;.\tauri'u.m, CeiiUiiiri'vm mt'inm
seu vulija're sou jjarvuin, Gottld'iia ceiitdiiri'iim
seu Gerar'di, Eryikrce'n Ccittaurl'uin, Hlppo-
ceiitanre'a ceutauri'iiin, Centnnre' urn, Ceiilnu'ris,
Smaller or Lesser Cent'aurjj, Eiirope'an Ceiitaury,
(F.) Centauree petite, Herhe an centaiire ou <l la
jiivre. The tops of the lesser Centaury, Ceiitau'-
rii Cacu'minn, are aromatic and tonic, and are
sometimes employed as such.
Ciiino'NiA Chile n' SIS, Gentia'na Cachen-
lahnen, Cachen-lar/uen, Cliachiidaijtui, Chancela-
gna, Erythrce'a Chihnsis, Geiitla'iia Perucia'tia,
A very bitter plant, indigenous in Chili. It pos-
sesses the virtues of the Chlroiiea. Given in in-
fusion— (,^j, to water Oj.)
CIIIRONI'UM, from x"?""' 'bad, malignant.'
An ulcer difficult of cure: — of a swollen, hard,
and callous nature. — Galen. Some have sup-
posed the word to come from Chiron, the Cen-
taur, who was unable to cure such ulcers.
CIIIRONOMIA. Cheironomia.
CIIIROPODALGIA, Acrodynia.
CHIROP'ODIST, (F.) Pedicure. One who
treats diseases of the hands and feet, or rather
whose profession it is to remove corns and bun-
yons ; from x«p, ' the hand,' and ttouj, s-oooj, ' the
foot.'
CHIRORRIIEUMA, Chirrheuma.
CHIROSIS, Subactio.
CHIROSTROPHO'SIS, from p{;ap, 'the hand,'
and aTpctjiiiv, ' to turn.' Distortion of the hand.
CHIROTHE'CA, from x"P' 'the hand,' and
Or/nri, 'a sheath.' A bandage for the hand. A kind
of bandage in which the fingers and hand are
enveloped in spiral turns. When the whole hand
and fingers are covered, it is called the double or
complete Chlrotheca, Oh. comple'ta, Vliictn'm
omnibus dig" Ills ; and when only a finger is
covered, the half or incomplete. Oh. incomple'ta,
VInctu'rn pro uno dlg"ito. See Gantelet.
CIIIROTRI'BIA, from x"P. 'the hand,' and
Tptffu), ' I rub.' Friction with the hand. Accord-
ing to others, dexterity in an art. — Hippocrates,
Galen.
CIIIRRIIEU'MA, Ohirorrheu'ma, Rheumntis'-
mus nuditis, from x^'P< 'tbe hand,' and pcviia, 'flux.'
Rheumatism of the hand.
CHIRURGEON, Surgeon.
CHIRURGI PIIYSICI, see Surgeon.
CIIIRURGIA, Surgery— c. Anaplastica, Mo-
rioplastico — c. Curtorum, Morioplastiee — c. Infu-
soria, Infusion of Medicines — c. Militaris, Sur-
gery, military — c. Transfusoria, Transfusion.
OHIRURGICAL, Surgical.
CIIIRURGICUS, Surgical.
CHIRURGIE, Surgery— c. Militaire, Surgery,
military.
CHIRURGIEN, Surgeon— c. Consultant, Con-
suiting Surgeon — c. Hernieux, see Hernial.
CHIRURGIQUE. Surgical.
CHIRURGUS, Surgeon.
CIIIST. An Arabic word which signifies the
sixth part. The sixth part of the Oonyius or
gallon.
CHITON, Tunic.
CHITON ISC US, Indusium.
CHITTICK'S NOSTRUM, see Nostrum.
CHIUM VINUM. From Ohios, the island
where it was produced; Chian tclne; used by the
physicians of antiquity in cases of defluxions and
ophthalmia?. — Scrihonius Largus.
ClILI'AROS, ;tX«apoj, 'tepid.' A name given
to slight fevers, in which the heat is not great. —
Galeu.
CIILIASMA
1 08
CIIOAVA
CIILTAS'MA, ;y;Xirt(r^a, same etymon. A tepid
and moist fomentation. — Hippocrates.
CHIiOAR'MA, Pityri'asia verslc'olor, Mnc'-
vlri hepni'icn, Panuits hcpnt'utiis, Hepat'izoii,
Pliaze, Phit'cen, Phncim, (F.) Tdches hepatiques,
Chnlenrs dii foie, Ephelide scorbiitiquc, Liverapot, \
from x^""^' '^ ffreenish-3-cllow colour, verdure.' j
A cutiineous nfTection, characterized by one or
more broad, irres^ular-shaped patches, of a yellow
or yellowish-brown colour, occurring most fre-
quently on the front of the neck, breast, abdo-
men, and groins. The patches do not generally
rise above the surface. There is usually some
degree of itching. A cryptog.amous growth has
been found in it, to which M. Robin gives the
name Micron' poron fiir/in:
The causes are not very evident. Sulphur ex-
ternally— in any and every form — generally re-
moves it speedily. Should there be difficulty,
the external use of the remedy in baths or fumi-
gations mav succeed.
CHLOASMA ALBUM, Achroma,
CHLORA. Chlorine.
ClILORAS KALTCUS DEPURATUS, Po-
tassic mnrias hvperoxvgenatus.
CIILORASJIA, Chlorosis.
CHLOIIE. Chlorine — c. Liqnide, see Chlorine.
CHLORETHERWE, Chloroform.
CirT;ORETUM CALCARIiE, Calcis ehloridum.
CHLORIASrS, Chlorosis.
CHLORIC ETHER, CONCENTRATED, see
Ether, chloric — c. Ether, strong, see Ether,
chloric.
CHLORIDE OF BROMINE, see Bromine,
chloride of.
CHLORINE, from ;yXci)pof, 'green.' Chhi'ruuim,
Ch!i)riii''iHin, Chhirci, Oryniiiriot'ic Add Gas,
Ori/f/ena'ted Hfiirintic Acid Gas, DepJilogisticated
j\fiiri)ie Acid, Hal'ogeiie, Jfu'ri</ene, Chlontm, (F.)
Chlore. So far as we know, this is an element-
ary substance. It is a greenish, yellow gas, of
a strong suffocating smell, and disagreeable taste:
incapable of maintaining combustion and respira-
tion, and very soluble in water. One of its cha-
racteristics is, that of destroying, almost imme-
diately, all vegetable and animal colours. It is
employed in fumigations as a powerful disinfect-
ing agent. A very dilute solution, Aqua sen Li-
quor Chlii'rini. Chloriii'ii Liquor (Ph. D.), Clilo-
rin'ei aqnn (Ph. E.), Chlorine water, (F.) Chlore
liqnide, has been administered internally, in cer-
tain cases of diarrhoea and chronic dysentery.
Immersion of the hands and arms in it has often
removed itch and other cutaneous affections. It
has also been inhaled in a dilute state in the early
stage of phthisis, but it is of doubtful efficacy,
and is better adapted for chronic bronchitis.
Chlorine, Bisulphuret of. Sulphur, chlo-
ride of.
CHLORO-ANEMTE, Chlorosis.
CHLO'ROFORM. Chloroform' vm, Chloroform'-
inm, C<irho' Ileum chlora'tum, Siiperchlo' ridum
formj/l'icnm, Perchloride and Terchloride of
Forrnyl, Chloroform' yl, called also, but not cor-
rectly, Terchloride of Carbon, and Chloric ether,
jElhe^ chlo'ricHS ; — (F.) Chloroforme, Chlorethe-
ride, so called on account of the connexion of chlo-
rine with formic acid, is a colourless, oleaginous
liquid, of a sweetish ethereal odour, hot, aroma-
tic, and peculiar taste. The specific gravity of
that of the Ph. U. S. is 1.49. It may be ob-
tained bv distilling from a mixture of chlorinated
lime and alcohol, — rectifying the product by re-
distillation, first from a great excess of chlori-
nated lime, and afterwards from strong sulphuric
acid. It has been used with advantage in asthma,
and in diseases in which a grateful soothing agent
is required. Dose f^ss to f^j, diluted with water.
It has likewise been prescribed with great succe.'s
as an ana-sthetic agent in spasmodic disea.«i\s;
and to obtund sensibility in surgical openitions
and in parturition, — especially in the wiiy of
inhalation ; but its use requires caution. Seo
Anesthetic.
CiiLouoFonjr, Tisctitrk of. Ether, chloric.
CIILOROFORMIZA'TION, Chlorof.nuJHa'tin
The aggregate of anscstlietic phenomena ucca-
sioned by the inhalation of chloroform.
CHLOROFORMYL, Chloroform.
CHLORO'MA, from ;^Xu)oof, 'green.' A pecu-
liar form of tumour containing a yellow green
substance, which takes the place, at limes, of
muscles and periosteum.
CHLOROPHYLL, Fecula, green.
CHLORO'SIS, from p^Awpof, 'green,' Pal'lidm
]\forliiis, Fcpdiis Vir'f/ininn color, J'ol'lidiii cuh<r
viri/in'cns, Pallor vir'f/iiinm, Icterit"ia olbn, /<•'-
terns albns, Lrncopathi'a, Morbus vircjiu'eus seu
Parthen'ins, Eo'dl colo'res, Dyspep'sia chloro'Hin,
Febris amatu'ria, Cachcr' ia seu Febris vi/yiuiim,
Febris albn, Anepithyin' la ch/oro'sis, Chloras'mn,
Chloros'ma, Chlori'usis, Citto'sis, Grecu-Hichnon,
(F.) Cliloiose, Pdlps-coideurs, Chloro-aiiemie. A
disease which affects young females, more parti-
cularly those who have not menstruated. It is
characterized by a pale, lurid complexion, languor,
listlessness, depraved appetite and digestion, pal-
pitation, &c. The disease generally goes off on
the occurrence of the menstrual flux ; but some-
times it is long before this is established, iind, nt
times, the catamenia are in much larger quantity
than usual. To this last form M. Trousseau has
given the name chlorose hemorrha<jiqne.
The blood of chlorosis is generally thin, light-
coloured and deficient in red corpuscles; and, ac-
cording to Piorry, in iron, — achalybhemie ; and
the clot is in less proportion to the serum than in
health. On auscultation, a bellows' sound lias
been almost invariably detected over the heart,
and a continuous blowing sound in the larger
arteries, (especially the carotids and subclavian?,)
re-enforced by each systole of the ventricle, and
resembling the buzzing of a humming-top, the
cooing of doves, the whistling of air through a
key-hole, &c., (see limit.) Very similar sounds
are heard in the arteries after copious hemor-
rhage : they seem, therefore, to coincide with en-
feebled circulation.
Tonics — as iron — are usually required in the
treatment, — the disease most commonly occur-
ring in those in whom there is considerable torpor
of the system.
Chlorosts .^tiiiopum, Chthonophagia — c.
Amatoria, Hectic fever — c. Gigantea, see Poly-
sarcia.
CHLOROSMA, Chlorosis.
CHLOROT'IC, Chlorot' icus, (F.) Chlomtiqm.
Affected with chlorosis, or pertaining to chlorosis;
— as chlorotic female, chlorotic symptoms, &C.
CHLORUM, Chlorine.
CHLORURE BE CARBON, Chloroform-
c. d'Or, Gold, Muriate of.
CHLORURETUM AMMONICUM, Ammonioe
murias — c. Oxidi Calcii, Calcis ehloridum.
CHOA, Chu.
CHOA'CUM ExMPLAS'TRUM NIGRUM. A
black plaster, mentioned by Celsus, and composed
of equal parts of litharge and resin. The litharge
was first boiled in oil.
CHOAK, Cynanche trachealis — c. AVolf, Ly-
canche.
CHOANA, Pelvis — c. Cerebri, Infundibulum
of the brain.
CHOANE. Infundibulum.
CHOANORRHAGIA, Epistaxis.
CIIOAVA, Coffea Arabica.
Clio COL AT
199
CHOLERA- EUROPE EX
Clio COL AT, see Chocolate.
ClIOIJOLATA, Chocolate — c. cum Osraazoma,
see Osiiiazoine— c. Salutis, see Chocolate— c. Sim-
plex, sec Chocolate.
ClIOC'OLATl':, Chocoln'tum, Chocola'ta, Snc-
cnln'hi. SuccocoUu'ta. Dr. Alston says, that this
word is compounded from two East Indian
words: — clioco, 'sound,' iuid alte, 'water,' he-
cause of the noise made in its preparati(m [ ? ]. An
alimentary paste prepared from the kernels of
Till ohi-o' mil cacao or Cacao, with suj^ar, and
often aromatics. (See Cacao.) The chocolate
thus simply prepared — as it is met with, indeed,
in commerce — is called in France, Chondat de
minle, Cliocidn'ta slmplcc scu Salu'tis. It is not
very easy of dif^e.stion.
Thti cliiicolat d la viini/le contains three ounces
of vaiiiUu and two o{ ciuuamnn to twenty pounds
of commi/u chocolate. The addition of the aro-
matic renders it somewhat more digestible. Cho-
colates may likewise be medicated.
CHOCOLATE, OSMAZOME, see Osmazome
CHOCOLATE HOOT, Geum rivale, G. Virgi-
nianum.
CHOCUS. Chu.
CH(ENrcrS, Trepan.
CIKENION, Cord.
CIKKNOS, Cord.
CIKERADO'DES, from xotpas, xo'paSog, 'scro-
fula,' and £i(5o{, 'resemblance.' Of the nature of
scrofula. Affected with scrofula.
CIKERAS, Scrofula.
CIIOIROS. Vulva.
CJIOKE CHERRY, Prunus Virginiana — c.
Damp, Carbonic acid.
CHOKES, Throat.
CHOLA, Chole.
CIIOL.E'MIA, ChoUia;'m!a, CJioUhce'min, from
Xo\ri, ' bile,' and 'aifxa, ' blood.' A morbid state,
in which bile exists in tho blood. Jaundice.
CI10LA(J0, Cholas.
CIIOL'ACJOGUE, ChoJaf/o'<jn», Chole'gos, Fel-
lid'iiciin, Hilit'ieiii, from pt"^"?. ' bile,' and aya, ' I
expel.' The ancients give this name to cathar-
tics, which were reputed to cause the flow of bile.
CHOLANSIS, Cholosis.
CHOLAS, ii^oArts, plur. ;:^'A«^fj. Chnla'go. The
epigiistric region. The intestines. — Homer.
CHOLASMA, Cholosis.
CHOLE, Cfioliis, Gliola, 'bile,' in composition,
llenco :
CHOLEC'CHYSIS, ChoUn'cliims ; from xo'^i,
'bile,' and ty^"''''". 'effusion.' Effusion of bile.
CHOLECYST, Gall-bladder.
CHOLECYSTEURYS'MA, from ^''X'?, 'Wle,'
(fuffnf, ' bladder,' and £u^uo-//a, ' dilatation.' Dila-
tation of the gall-bladder.
CHOLECYSTI'TIS, Lijlamma'tio VcKi' ca fell' -
em, r.cyKl'liUxfeWccB, C,)^ti'th fcl'len, IlcpatVth
cyH'icn, from xo^r,, ' bile,' and kvitti;, • blailder.'
(F.) Injiamtimtion de la Ve.siculc dii Fiel, Chole-
cijstitc. Inflammation of the gall-bladder.
CHOL'EDOCH, Chnled'ochus, (F.) OhnU-
doqne. from X"U, 'bile,' and (^o^o?, 'containing or
receiving.' The Dnctus cJtoledocIim seu licp'nto-
Cffu'liciiH. Diicfux coiiimiinii choledocluts, (P.) Con-
duit ou Caiiiil Chnledoipie, is the duct formed by
the union of the hepatic and cystic ducts, which
pours the hepatic anil cystic bile into the duodenum
CIIOLEnOCI'TIS,Vrom choledochua, unA ith;
a sutfix denoting inflammation. Inflammation
of tho eholcdoch duct.
CHOLE L)0(i'RAPIIY, Chohdogra'phin, Cho.
legraph'ia, Chnlnijraph'ia, from :\;oAi?, ' bile,' and
^■paipttv, ' to describe.' A description of what re-
ates to tho bile and biliary organs.
C H 0 L E D 0 L ' 0 G Y, Ch„hd„loij"{a, Cholc-
log"iu, C/iulolo<j"i(i, icom x,o>'ri, 'bile,' and Xoyos,
V ' a discourse.' A treatise on the bile and biliary
' organs.
CHOLEDOQUE, Choledoch.
CnOLE(iOS. Cholagorrue.
CU0LE(;RAPIIIA, Choledography.
CHOLEH.;EMIA, Icterus.
CHOLEfA, Claudication.
CIIOLELITIIIA, Cysthepatolithiasis-c. Icte-
rus. Icterus.
CHOLELITHIASIS, Cysthepatolithiasis.
CIIOLELITHUS, Calculi, biliary.
CHOLELOGIA, Choledology.
9^' *^ ^^ ^ ^^^ ^^''''I A' Cholt'in'eHh, from x'^'^j
' bile,' and tfiimq. ' vomiting.' Vomitinjr of bile.
CHOLENCHYSIS, Cholecchysis.
CHOLEPYRA, Fever, bilious.
CHOLEPYRETUS, Fever, bilious.
CHOLEPYRRIN, see Bile.
CHOLER, Bile. Anger was supposed to be
produced by a superabundance of bile: hence
the term Choler for anger.
CIIOL'ERA, Chol'era-morhua, Cliolera nostras
seu Vidijn'ris, Sporad'ic Chol'era, Cholevrha'iiia,
/ 11X810 choler'ica, Fclliflua passio. Morbus' fcU
lit'lunx, HoVcra, JJiUs fnx'io, (F.) Choladrie
'U'"phnt;ijne,H,jdrocholudrie,Cholcra.morbM>,po.
)V((|»7He, Ch. Eiiropfen, Tromxe-ijnh.nt. from xo^^'t,
bile, and ptu>, 'I flow.' According to others,
from x«X«^«. 'intestines,' or from ;:^oX£pa, 'the
gutter of a house to carry off the rain.' The
higher degrees have been called (\jutro,ja„gi;Vtis
M/jelogaiuiUVtlx, and Holo,,,nujln'tis. A disease
characterized by an.xicty, gripings, spasms in the
legs and arms, and by vomiting and purt^in-^
(generally bilious:) vomiting and purging^are^
indeed, the essential symptoms. The disease is
most common in hot climates,— and in temperate
climates, during summer. Spaxmod'ic, Axi'at'ic,
Maliij'nnnt, In'dlan, Epidem'ic, PextllcH'tiul, Con'-
vnhive Nervous, Fasten), or Orleiit'al Cholera,
Axphi/.r'ia pcstilen'ta, Peslilen'tial asphyx'ia',
Cliol'eric Pext' Hence, Cholera orienta'Us seu //»'-
dica seu Epklem' ica seu Asphij.r'la, Ti/phiis Ben-'
galen'sis, Chol'ero-typkus, Gangtloni'tie peri/j/ier'-
ica ct nicdiilla'ris, Jlijmenor/anglii'lis. Paiitogan-
Olii'tis, Cholerrhce'a li/niphat' icn, Psorcnter'ia
Aehol'ia, Typhoid Fever of India, Hi/peranthra.r'is,
Enterop'i/ra Asiat'ica, Trisplanch'nia, Tris-
planchni'tis, HoRmntaporrho'sis, Ummatorrho'sis,
Morbus nrij'zcus, Rice disease, (because supposed
by Tytler to be caused by damaged rice,) (F.)
Jforr de Chien, is frightful in the rapidity of its
progres.s, the patient sometimes dying in a few
hours from the first onset. In temperate cli-
mates, common cholera is not usually a disease
of much consequence, It requires that the sto-
mach and bowels should be cleared, and after-
wards the irritation be allayed by full doses of
opium. In malignant cholera, large doses of calo-
mel, with opiates, form the great reliance of many
practitioners. In the worst forms, however, it
runs its cojirse, unmodified by treatment.
CHOLERA EEROPEEX, see Cholera — e.
Indian, see Choler.a— c. Indica, see Cholera.
Chol'era I.nfan'tum, Chol'eric Fever of In-
flints; Cholera of Infants. A disease so termed
by American physicians. It occurs, generally,
in the middle states of the Union, in June or
July, and continues during the hot weather,
hence called the ' summer complaint.' The chief
symptoms arc vomiting, purging of green or
yellow matter, slime or blood, attended with pain
or uneasiness; and swelling of the abdomen, with
some pyrexia, generally. The heat Of the wea-
ther seems to be the predisposing, if not the ex-
citing, cause. It is a fatal disease in towns; dif-
fering little, if at all, from what is vulgarlv called
the JKatery G'r!>e« in England. Clearing,'gently,
CHOLERAIC
200
CHONDRO-XirilOID
tho alimentary canal, so as to remove the ofTond-
ing matter, and then exhibitinj? chalk mixture
and laudanum, with counter-irritants, as sina-
pisms to the abdomen, is the most satisfaotory
phin of treatment.
CuoLEii.v, Malignant, see Cholera — c. Morbus,
Cholera — c. Morbus Sporadique, see Cholera —
c. Nostras, Cliolera morbus — c. Oriental, see Cho-
lera— c. Pestilential, see Cholera — c. Poison, see
Poison— c. Spasmodic, see Cholera — c. Sporadic,
see Cholera — c. Sec, Cholera sicca — c. Vulgaris,
Cholera morbus.
Choi/kka Sicca, (F.) Cholera sec. Pneuma-
tosis of the digestive passages in which there is a
copious dischnrge of gas upwards and downwards.
CHOLERAIC Choleric.
CHOLEIIAPHOBIA, Choleromania.
ClIOL'ERIC, Choler'icn-i, (F.) Cholerique. Be-
longing to bile; also to cholera; Cholera'ic, — as the
'choleric or cA»/p/t(('c virus.' The French use the
term Fievre cholerique for the fever accompanying
cholera.
Choleuic Fever of Infants, Cholera infan-
tum.
Choleric Temp'erament. The bilious tem-
perament.
CIIOL'ERINE, (F.) Cholerine. A diminutive
of cholera. The first stage of epidemic cholera;
also, the precursory symptoms of cholera.
CHOLERIQUE, Clioleric.
CnOL'EROID, Cholcroi'des, from cholera, and
ci6oi, 'resemblance.' llesembing cholera; as a
' choleroid affection.'
CHOLEROMA'NIA, Cholempho'hia, Cholero-
pho'bia, from cholera and innnia. A dread of
cholera to suoh an extent that the individual
fancies himself affected or threatened by it.
CliOLEROPHOBIA, Choleromania.
CIIOLEROPIIO'NE, from cholera, and (pmvr,,
' voice.' The peculiar voice of one in cholera.
CIIOLEROPROSO'PON, CholcropUix, from
cholera, and irpoaumov, 'countenance.' The facial
expression of cholera.
CHOLEROPSrS. Choleroprosopon.
CHOLERO-TYPIIUS, Cholera, (spasmodic.)
CIIOLERRIIAGIA. Cholera.
CHOLERRIKEA LYMPHATICA, Cholera.
CHOLESTEARINOMA, Cholesteatoma.
CHOLESTEATINE, Cholesterin.
CHOLESTEATO'MA, from x<''>">' '^^'le,' and
Btentoiiia. An encysted tumour, which presents
upon the interior of the cyst several superim-
posed layers of cholesterin, which glisten like
pearl. Hence it was named by Cruveilheir Ihe
laminated nacreous fatt)] tumour.
CIIOL'ESTERIX, Choi' ester ine, Cholesteri'na,
Cholosteri' na, Cholestearine, Cholestentine, from
X"^'J> 'bile,' and arcfiios, 'solid,' or areap, 'suet.'
Ad'ipocire, Choline. An inodorous, insipid sub-
stance, in white, shining scales ; fusible and crys-
tallizing, on cooling, in radiated fibres. Soluble
in alcohol. It forms the crystalline part of cer-
tain biliary calculi. See Adipocire.
CtioLRSTERiN Disease, see Lardaceous.
ClIOLEUMA, Cholosis.
CirOLH-EMIA, Cholxmia.
CIIOLIA, ClK-losis.
CIIOLICE'LE, from x"^"!' 'bile,' and Kr,\ri,
'tumour.' A swelling, formed by the bile mor-
bidlv accumulated in the gall-bladder.
C'lIOLICUS. Bilious.
CHOLIILEMIA, Cholsemia.
CHOLIXE, Cholesterin.
CHOLIOYSTIECTASIE, Turgescentia vesi-
cas felleae.
CHOfACYSTITE, Cholecystitis.
CIIOLIUS, Bilious.
CHOLOCATAIl'RHOPnE, Chohcatar-
rhonhe'sis, Cholocatarroph'tn, from x"^''' 'tile,'
and Karappoipiiv, ' to sup up.' The absorption of
bile.
ClIOLOaRAPIIIA, Choledography.
CHOLOLITHUS, see Calculi, biliary.
CilOLO'MA, from x'^^"^' ' hime, maimed.'
Distortion of a limb ; iiieai)acity of moving it.
Also, the act of limping, claudication.
CHOLOPLANIA, Icterus.
CIIOLORRIKE'A, from x">"i< 'hile,' and pc<o,
'I flow.' An alniormous discharge of bile.
CHOLOS, Bile, Chole.
ClIOLO'SES, from x<>'^n, 'bile.' Alibert in-
cludes, under this he.ad, every morbid alTection
of the liver and sj)leen.
CHOLO'SIS, from xwAoj, 'lame.' Cho'lotea,
Cholas'ma, Cholan'sis, Choleu'ma, Chol'io, Clfiu-
dic'i'tion. Hippocrates employs this word par-
ticularly for a lameness of the hand, which ren-
ders a person one-handed, (F.) manchut. Also,
icterus ; bilious dyscrasy.
CnoLosis Americana, Fever, yellow.
CHOLOSTKRINA. Cholesteriu.
CIIOLOTES, Cholosis.
CIIOLOZE.MIA FEIJRTLTS. Fever, bilious.
ClIONDRIN, from ;^of<5,.o5. 'cnrtilage.' (F.)
Gelatine dcs cartihajcH. A variety of gelatin, ob-
tained by boiling the cornea, the permanent car-
tilagps, and the bones before they are ossified.
CHONDRI'TIS, Injhimma'lio Carlilwj"inis,
(F.) Chondrite, from xoi'i5fios, ' cartilage,' and itia,
a termination denoting inflammation. Inflam-
mation of cartilage.
CIIONDROCLA'SIS, from x<>^h°^' ' cartilage,'
and /cAdffis, 'fracture.' Fracture of a cartilage.
CHONDRODES, Cartilaginous, Chondroid.
CIIONDROGKNES'IA, ^Chondro'jen'c'^is, from
Xov&pog, 'a cartilage,' and ycvtais, 'formation.'
Formation of cartilage. A morbid conversion of
parts into cartilage.
CIIONDROGLOS'SUS, from xov^QOi, 'a carti-
lage,' and y'Kwaca, 'the tongue.' A fasciculus of
fleshy fibres, passing from the lesser cornu of
the OS hyoides to the tongue. It forms part of
the hyoglossus.
CIIONDllOG'RAPIIY, Chondrogra'pliia, from
Xov?ipos, 'cartilage,' and ypatpt/, 'a description.'
A description of cartilages.
CHONDROID, VhondroVdcs, Chondro'des,
from xovRpog, ' cartilage,' and ct^og, ' resemblance.*
Carlila'jriniforrn. Resembling cartilage.
CHONDROL'OGY, Chondrolo,/'la, from x'^'
ipog, 'a cartilage,' and \oyos, 'a discourse.' A
treatise on cartilages.
CIIONDRO'IMA, Enchondro'ma. from x""^?"'.
'cartilage.' A cartilaginous growth proceeding
from bones, including spina ventosa, osteo-sar-
coma, <tc., of many.
CHONDRO-PHARYNGE'US, from xovVf, 'a
cartilage,' and (l<apvy^, 'the phar3'nx.' Fibres of
the muscular coat of the pharynx, which arise
from the lesser eornua of tho os hyoides, and form
part of the Constrictor mcdius. See Constrictor
pharvngis.
CHONDRO'SIS, from ;t''>"5f'of. 'cartilage.' A
morbid formation or condition of a cartilage.
CHONDROSTERNAL,6''Ao»(/ro*^er/.«7/»,from
Xov&poi, 'a cartilage,' and uTipvuv, 'the breast-
bone.' Having relation to the cartilages of the
ribs and breast-bone, — as the choudrosternal liga-
ments, articulations, &c.
CHONDROSYNDES'MUS, from ;^ovipot, 'a
cartilage,' and trvviccfioi, 'a ligament.' Union
of bones, by means of fibro-cartilage. Synchon-
drosis.
CHONDROT'OMY, Chondrotom'la, from x""-
ipo!, 'a cartilage,' and rifivetv, 'to cut.' Dissec-
tion of cartilages.
CHONDRO-XIPnOID, Chondro-xipUoVdet,
CIIONDRUS
201
CHOROID
from j^oi/Jpof, 'a cartilai^e,' and xiphoid, the car-
tiliige so called. Having relation to the xiphoid
cartilage, as ' Clmudro-jrlphoid ligament.'
CliONDRUS, Cartilage. The Xiphoid carti-
Uiijc, in (lartieular.
CiioNi)i(i;s, Alica, Fucus crispns — c. Crispus,
Fucus cri.-ipus — c. Polymorphus, Fucus crispus.
CIIO.NOS. Infundibuluiu.
ClKJl'IN'E, Chapi'no, Cheopi'tiri. A measure,
which contains 10 ounces. A pint measure.
CHORA, xupa, 'region.' Any void space.
Also, the orhit of the eye.
CHORD, TESTICULAR, Spermatic chord.
CHORDA, Cordrf, from x°l'^'h ' "• S"'/ '"^"^
hence, a string made of gut. A string of an
inslruinont. It has several meanings: — as a
teiido)!, — the intentinr-.s (ChordcB.) Paracelsus
call? the genital organs chordm. Chorda seu
Fiiiiie'dliis Ti/ni'pniii, a branch of the 7th pair
of nerves, according to some, of the 6th pair,
according to others, and to probahilily, vviiich
passes through the tym])anum, (F.) iVerf Ti/nipa-
iiitpie — (Ch.) Corde du Tuniboiir ou die I'ljiiijmn.
ChordcB Wi/lin'ii, Trubectdm WHUh'H, the small
fibres whit'h cross the sinuses of the dura mater:
so cidk'd from their first describer, Willis. Chordas
Ttudiu'ecr ; the tendinous and cord-like sub-
stances which connect the eohunnm caniecB of the
ventricles of the heart to the valves, &c.
CiioKDV, Intestine.
CuoiiDA Doissa'i.is, Dorsal cord. The axis,
around which, according to Von Baer, the first
pans of the foetus are formed, — the rudiment of
the future vertebral column.
CiioitnA IIii'POCKATis, Achillis Tendo — c. Lon-
pitudinalis Corporis Callosi, see Raphe — c. Penis,
Chonleo — c. Tympani, see Chorda — c. Veneris,
Cliordoe.
ClIOKDyE, Chordoe — c. Ferrenii, Cords, vocal
— c. Longitudinalcs lancisii, see Raphe — c. Ten-
diiiea", sec Chorda — c. Transvcrsales Willisii, see
Corpus callosum — c. Vocales, Cords, vocal — c.
Willisii, see Chorda.
CHORDAP'SUS, from xop^n, 'intestine,' and
a-rciv, ' to tie,' IntitsHuscep'lio. Constriction or
twisting of the intestines. — Cclsus. The Colica
Ileus. See Enteritis and Ileus.
CHORDEE', Cordee', Chorda Ven'eris seu
PiiUD, Pliidlnncylo'slx, Phallocainp'six, Chordae,
Chordn'ta Goiwrrhce'a. A painful affection of
the penis, attending gonorrhoea, and happening
chiefly at night. It occurs when tlie violence of
the inllanimation is such, that the urethra cannot
expaml as much as the corpora cavernosa during
erei'tiun, and consequently the glans seems pain-
fully drawn downwards. The application of cold
water topically, and the administration of opium
internally, palliate it.
CIIORE'A, Ofi. Saucti Viti seu Sancti Modes'ti
seu geHlicidalo'ria, Choromn' nia, Sijn'donus sal-
toun, Trlptidia'tio spastica, from ;^»/;£ta, ' a dance ;'
sonietiiui's called Sceloti/r'lie, S. T'lrnntisiiiun, Viti
^rdtiin, Siilta'tio Saxcti Viti, BaUix'mitit, Con-
vnl'nio hiil>itiia'lin, Siph'ita prava, Si/n' cloiiua
Chorea, Mi/oti/r'be, Choreoma'nia, 0 reheat roma'-
via, Kpilcpn'ia Saltuto' ria, Jforbii9 Saltato' riiin
sou ijenliodnlii' riitu seu Lneei'vim, Hieruu'osua, St.
Viliii's Dance, Vipir's Dance, because the move-
ments resemble dancing; (F.) Chorf.e, Dunne de
Saint Witt, Danne de St. Guy. The character-
istics are: — irregular and involuntary motions of
one or more limbs, and of the face and trunk. It
is a disease whieh usually occurs before puberty;
and is generally connected with torpor of the
system, and of the digestive organs in particular.
Its duration is long, but it is usually devoid of
danger; although frequently but little under the
coulrol of medicine. The spa«ms do not continue
during sleep. The indications of treatment are i
to strengthen the general system, and stimulate
the intestinal canal. Purgatives, once or twice
a week, and chalybeatcs, with appropriate regi-
men, will fulfil these.
Chorka, Chronic, see Tic — c. Faciei, Tic — c.
Gesticulatoria, Chorea — c. Partial, see Tic — c.
Sancti Modcsti, Chorea — c. Sancti Valentini, Ta-
rantisuius — c. Sancti Viti, Chorea.
CHOREE, Chorea.
ClIORE'GIA, from x"?"^' '^ troop of dancers
and singers,' and ayui, ' I lead.' Hippocrates
uses this term for the whole of the apparatus
necessary for a physician or surgeon.
CHOREOMANIA, Chorea.
CIIORIODEI'TIS, Chorioidei'tis, Chorioidi'.
tin, Choroifli'tix, (F.) Choro'idite, from yopociSiis,
'the choroid,' and itis. Inflummatiou of the
choroid coat of the eye.
CHORTODES, Choroid.
CHORIOIDEA, Choroid.
CHORIOIDES, Choroid.
CHO'RION, X"P'°V' 'skin,' from ^^uptiv, 'to
contain,' include; [?] (Jamin'ia Fwtiin : iUe eliemise
or shirt of the foetus in utero. A thin, transpa-
rent membrane, formerly confounded with the
decidua, which surrounds the foetus in utero on
every side, and ajipcars to be developed from
nucleated cells formed in the Fallopian tube.
Some histologists, however, consider, that it
exists in the ovary. The general opinion is, that
it is formed as above described ; and perhaj)s, also,
from the zona pellucida. which disappears in the
tube. In the uterus, villous prolongations are
formed on its surface, which have given it, with
more recent writers, the name ' shayi/i/ chorion.'
These villi are iiroiiably the agents of the ab-
sorption of nutritive matter furnished from the
lining membrane of the uterus.
By many anatomists, the chorion is considered
to be formed of two layers; the outer, called by
Curdach Exocho' rion : the inner, Endoeho'riun.
By others, the distinction of laminae is denied.
It is exterior to the amnion.
Chorion also means the true skin. Sec Cutis.
By some, the Zona pellucida is so called.
Chorion Fungosijm, Decidua — c. Reticulatum,
Decidua. — c. Shaggy, see Chorion and Decidua—
c. Spongiosum, see Decidua — e. Spongy, see De-
cidua— c. Tomentosum, see Decidua.
CIIORIONITIS. Induration of the Cellular
tissue.
CHOROID, ChoroV dena, Choro'i'des, ChorioV-
dcs, Chorio'dcs from x''f""'> ' '^'^ chorion,' and
ciSo(, 'shape,' 'resemblance.' Several parts are
so called, which resemble the chorion in the
multitude of their vessels.
Choroid Muscle, Ciliary mnsde.
Choroid Plexus, Ple.vnx ehoroVdcs seu cho-
ro'i'deuK seu reticula'rin, Vermes eer'ebri. Two
membranous and vascular duplicatures of the
pia mater, situate in the lateral ventricles.
They are fixed to the Tela choroidea by one edge,
and are loose and floating at the other.
CnoitoiDEA Tela, Plexus choroideua medina,
(F.) Tuile choroidienne. A kind of vasciilo-
mcmbranous prolongation of the pia mater,
which lines the lower surface of the fornix united
with the corpus callosum. It is stretched above
the third ventricle and covers the posterior com-
missure and corpora qua<lrigcmina. Anteriorly,
the tela choroidea is continuous with the plexus
choroides.
CnoRoi'DEA seu CnoRioi'rEA Tu'nica, Ch.
Membra'un, or simply the Choroid. Tu'nica vna-
cido'sa seu acinlform' in seu rhoijoi'des Ocnli. (F.)
Membrane choroide, Choro'ide. A thin mcnilirane,
of a very dark colour, which lines the sclerotica
CnOROi'DE
202
CIIRYSOCIIALCOS
internally. The part behind the iris is called
Vvon. It is situate between the sclerotica ajid
retina, has an openinj;, posteriorly, for the pas-
sage of the optic nerve; and terminates, ante-
riorly, at the great eirciunferenee of the iris,
where it is continuous with the ciliary processes.
According to Ruysch, the choroid consists of two
layers, to the innermost of which his son gave the
name Tit')iicn seu Meviliift' na luii/nrhlo'iia, J/.
chon'o-C(ipi/h(' rin, (F.) Membrane Jiiii/nchienne.
The internal surface of the membrane is covered
with a dark pigment, consisting of several layers
of pigment cells, called Pii/nieii'tiiin iihirum,
Stratum pii/meii'ti, Oplitholniochrin'ten, u'I'JtIiiopD
animal, .Ve/a'tiie, Metnniiie, Matiere ou Prhicipe
de la Melaiiiixe, (F.) Eiidait chonndien. Its use
seems to be, to absorb the rays of light after they
have traversed the retina.
CiioROiDK-E Ve.v.*:, Veii<B Gah'ni, (F.) Vetues
cJioroidieiiiies. Two veins, that creep along the
tela choroidea ; into which almost all those of
the lateral ventricles, of the ui)per part of the
cerebellum, of the pineal gland, and the corpora
quadrigemina ojien. The VensB Galeni open into
the sfiiiin quartus or fanrth m'nnn.
CHOUOJDE, CEINTURE BLANCHE DE
LA, Ciliary ligament — c. Commissure de la, Cili-
ary ligament.
CIIOROrUITIS, Choriodeitis.
CHOROi'DO-RETINI'TIS. Inflammation of
the choroid and retina.
CIIOROMANIA, Chorea.
CHOSES CONTHE NATURE, Res contra
naturam — c. Natiirelles, Res naturales — c. non
Nafifn^//pa. Res non naturales.
CIIOSIS. Arenatio.
CHOU, Brassica — c. Cahns, Brassica capitata
— c. CruOfe, Sauer Kraut — c. Flenr, Brassica
Florida, Cauliflower excrescence — e. 3farin, Con-
volvulus soldanella — c. Naret, Brassica rapa —
c. Pvmme, Brassica capitata — c. Potaijer, Brassica
— c. Roqiiettp, Brassica eruca.
CHOWDER, a favorite New England dish,
made of fish, pork, onions, and biscuit, stewed
together.
In Devonshire, England, chowder is a fish-
seller. — Halliwell. In the west of England
chowder beer is a liquor made by boiling black
spruce in water, and mixing it with molasses. —
Webster.
CriREMMA, Sputum.
C 1 1 R E M FS IS, E xspuition.
CHRISIS, from XP^'^< 'I anoint.' The action
of anointing. Inunction.
CURISMA. same etymon. The act of anoint-
ing. The salve or liniment used, Chrism, Creme.
Prurisro.
CHRISTI MANUS. Troches prepared from
refined sugar boiled in rose-water with or without
prejinred pearls.
CHRISTOPHER, HERB, Aetsea spicata.
CHRISTOPHORIANA SPICATA, Acta>a
Sliiciita.
CHRISTOS, 5(;/H<7rof, from -^f^pio), <I anoint.'
Any medicine applied under the form of liniment
or ointment.
CHROA, Chrofa, Chroma. Colour in general.
The surface of the body. The skin
CHROMA. Chroa.
CHROMATISME, Aberration of refranei-
bility. ^
CHROMATOG"ENOUS, from xP^^l^a, yp'^i^a-
Tos, ' colour,' and ytvvau), ' I make.'
_ CnitOMATor/'KNOus Appara'tds. A supposi-
titious glandular apparatus fur producing the
colouring matter of the skin, composed of a
glandular or secreting parenchyma, situate a little
below the papillse, and presenting special excre-
tory duets, which pour out the colouring matter
on the surface of tlie true skin. — Broschet.
CHROMATOMETABLEPSIA, Achro-
matopsia.
CllROMATOPHO'BIA, from ;^pw^a, \pa./,arof,
'colour,' and folios, 'dread.' Morbid sensibility
to certain colours.
CIIROMATOPSEUDOPSIA, Achromatopsia
CHRO.MATOPSIA, Chromopsia.
CHROMIC ACID. Ac"idum Chro'micum, (F.)
Aeide chnimiqiie. Obtained by crystal lizatinn
from a mixture of bichromate of potoina, and
oil of vitriol. It has been used as an escbarolic
in external hemorrhoids.
CHROMIDRO'SIS, from xp^'lJ^a, 'colour,' and
'lipias, ' sweet.' Abnormous coloration of the per-
spirntorj' secretion.
CHROMOP'SIA, Chromop'ia, Chromatop'nin,
Chrotop'sia, Chriip'sia, Crop'sia, Visits colurit'lttK,
Suffu'sio Colo' runs, Chroop'si/, Chromop'sj/, Iiiden'-
cent I'ision, from xpitijta, 'and o\l.(j, 'vision.' A
state of vision in wliich a c(dored impression, as
of the rainbow, is made on the retina. Said to
be occasionally observed in jaundice.
CHRONIC, Chron'iciis, Chro'nins, Pol,/chi;/.
7iii(s, Iiivetern'tiis. Anti'qiius, (F.) Clironiqiie, (rum
Xpovo(, 'time.' Of long duration.
Chronic Diseases, 3forbi chron'iei, 3Jacro-
nos'icB, iMacro'sicB, (F.) Maladies Chroiiiques, aro
those whose duration is long, or whose symptoms
proceed slowly. Tlie antithesis to chronic is acute.
CHRONIC'"ITY, Chronic"itas, (F.) Chruniciti.
The state of a chronic malady.
CURONIQVE, Chronic.
CHRONO, from x^avaq, 'time.' A prefix to
terms denoting inflammation of a part, to show
that such inflammation is chronic. — Pi(,rry.
CHRONOGYNIA, Menstruation.
CHRONO-HEPATITE, Hepatitis, chronic.
CHRUNO-NEPHRJTE, Nephritis (chronic.)
CHRONO-THERMAL, from XP"""?- 'timt,'
and ^tpfiv 'heat.' Relating to time and tempe-
rature. An epithet given to a fanciful 'system'
by Dr. Samuel Dickson, which maintains, that
there can be no increase or diminution of tempe-
rature without motion ; no motion without time;
that motion consists in attraction and repulsion ;
that attraction and repulsion are peculiar to elec-
tric action ; and hence, that medicines must
change the motions of the system, and be electri-
cal in their operation.
ClIROOPSY, Chromopsia.
CIIROTOPSIA, Chromopsia.
CHRUPSIA, Chromop.^i.a.
CHRYSALEA, Nitro-muriatie acid.
CHRYSANTHEMUM, Calendula offieinalisi.
Chrysan'themum Leucan'themuji, from x^v-
aoi, 'gold,' and avSc/jov, 'a flower.' The Ox-eye
dainn, Daisy, Whiteioeed, Gohlens, Ulandliiiirorl,
Bcllis major seu praten'sis, JJiipfhal'mtun viajiii,
Lencun'themnm vidtfu're seu L'ellidioi'din, Mn-
trica'ria, Consol'ida media, Oc'nhis Boris, (F.)
Chrysanthime, Chrysene, Grand Marrjnerilc des
pres. Orrf. Compositaj. The flowers and herbare
slightly acrid; and were once used in pulmonary
diseases.
CnRYSANTHEMUM Partheniuji, Matricaria par-
thenium.
CHRYSE, from xP^'^o^y 'gold.' The n.Tme of
a yellow plaster, described by Paulus of iEgina,
and composed of thus, alum, lead, colophony,
resin, oil, and orpiment, boiled in vinegar.
CFIR F.S'T'; V^,Chrysanthemum leucantheinum.
CHRYSITTS. see Pliimbi oxidum semivifremn.
CHRYSOBALANUS GALENI, see Myristica
mnschnta.
CHRYSOCALTS, Matricaria.
CHRYSOCHALCOS, Brass.
CIIRYSOCOLLA
203
CHTMIATRIA
ClIUVSOCOLLA, Borax.
CIIRYSOCOMA, Millefolium.
CIIKV.SULACIIANCM, Chenopodium bonus
Jloiiricus.
CIIIIYSOL'ITIIUS, Chnj-'oUte, from JCP"""?'
'i^oM,' mill Ai3u5, 'sione.' A precious stone, of
a ),'i)liloii colour, regarded hy the ancients as car-
diac, cephalic, &c.
(JHRYSOMELIA, sec Citrus aurantiuin.
ClIRYSOiMIYLLUM BURANIIEM,
Moiicsia,
Cll RYSOPIIYL'LUM CAINI'TO. from xpuffof,
'gold,' and tjivWov, 'a leaf.' Oaiiiito, Siderou:'-
ylnii, /iru'id-leiived Star-apple. A tree of the
Antilles, Ord. Sapotacese, which produces one
of the liest fruits of the country. There are seve-
ral varieties of it.
CmivsoPHVf.niM Glyciphl.-eum, Monesia.
CHRYSOPIJS, Cambogia.
CllRYSOrf, Gold.
ClIRYSOSl'HRMUM. Semperviviim tectorum.
CIIRYZA FIHRAUREA. Coptis.
CIITIIONOPIIA'GIA, Citvhex'Sn Africa'nn,
Midii'cid seu Pica Af'ricani>'riini, Leiiciphler/mn'-
tia sou Uhliiro'Hii ^Elhio' ]>nm, Dirt-e'iliii;/, (F.)
Mid d' fUliimiK; from xi^""'' 'earth,' and (fayu, 'I
eat.' A disorder of the nutritive functions ob-
perved amongst the negroes of the South and of
the West Indies, in which there is an irresistible
desire to eat dirt. It is accompanied by most of
the signs of chlorosis.
The Ottoraacs on the Orinoco, and the natives
of portions of the Hudson's Bay territory, are
ChilioiKiph'iKji or ' earth eaters.' The earth is a
form of steatite.
ClIU, Choa or Chun, X"^'^' Ciiocwt. A liquid
measure amongst the tireeks, answering to the
Confjini) of the Romans, and containing six sex-
tarii, or twelve Attic cotylie, or nine pints. —
Galen.
ClIUMOSLS, Cheraosis.
CIIURNMILK, Buttermilk,
CHURRUS, see Bangue.
CHUTE, Prohipsus — c. da Foiidemenf, Proc-
tocele— c. de la Matiice, Procidentia uteri — e. des
Oeiifn. see Parturition — c. du Rectum, Proctocele.
CHYLAIRE, Chylous.
CHYLAR, Chylous.
CilYLARION, Chyle.
CHYLE, Cli}/liis, SiiKCHK niitr!t"iii8, from X'"^>
'I How.' The word, in Hippocrates, inenns Tinaiie
or Decoction of Barley, Chi/la'rion, ^^^uXtjpioi/. Ga-
len first used it in its present sense : — i. e. for a
nutritive fluid, extracted by intestinal absorp-
tion, from food which has been subjected to
the action of the digestive organs. It is of a
whitish apiioarance; and is formed from the chyme
in the duodenum, and the rest of the small intes-
tines, by the chyliferous vessels, which arise at the
mucous surface of the intestine. Along these it
passes through the mesenteric glands to the tho-
racic duct, and is finally poured into the left sub-
clavian. It is composed, like the blood, of a fluid
— liipior c/ii/li — and of Chi/le corpunclea or glo-
lidcn, the average size of which is about 1-J.600th
of an inch. See Chyme.
CnvLB Coiu>iJSCLr:s, see Chyle.
CIIYLEUX, Chylous.
CHYLIF'EROUS. Chy'Ufcr, ChyH/'ema, Chy-
loph'orus, (F.) Clii/li/ere, from chyliis,' chyle,' and
ferre, ' to carry.' Chyle-bearing.
Ciivi.if'kroits Vi:ssi;i,s, Vana C/n/li/'era seu
Chi/ln/'ern, Via chi/li/'er(B, Venm lactece, Vaita
Inctea, LncterrU, (F.) Vaixnenux chyllfere», V.
Laden. Vessels which convey the chyle from
the intestines to the thoracic duct. They have
also been called qalnctoph'ornns rotsels.
CIIYLIFICATION, Chylifica'tio, Chylo'siit,
Chylopoc'nis, Frapara'tio cliyli, from chylun,
'chyle,' and facere, 'to make.' Formation of
chyle during the digestive processes. It has, at
times, been applied to the changes produced on
the aliment in the small intestine ; but is now
restricted to the act of forming chyle at the ra-
dicles of the chvliferous vessels.
CHYLINE. Cyclamen.
CHYLISMA, Succus expressus.
CllYLIS'MUS, from ^f^of. 'juice.' The act
of expressiuL' tlie juice of vegetables, <fcc.
CHYLOCYSTIS, Keeeptaculum cbyli.
CIIYLODKS, Chylous.
CllYLODIAnETES, Chvluria.
CHYLODIARRH(EA, Ca-liac flux.
CHYEODOCIIIUM, Receptnculum chyli.
CHYLO(J'RAPHY, from x^>">^< 'chyle,' and
ypa<pr), ' a description.' A descriijtion of the ana-
tomy, (fee, of the chvliferous vessels.
CilYLOPOE.SIS, "Chylification.
CIIYLOPOKT'IC. Chyh.pott'iciis, CJiylopoeiis,
from ;^vAos, ' chyle,' and ttouui, ' I make.' Re-
lating to or connected with the formation of chyle.
Chiefly applied to the organs immediately con-
cerned in it; as the stomach, intestines, omenta,
and mesentery. AmiiKtiiiit Chylopoilic: — a|i-
plied to viscera which aid in the formation of
chyle, as the liver aud pancreas.
CHYLORRliffiA, Cocliac flux — c. Pectoris,
Chylotiiorax — c. Renalis, Chyluria — c. Urinalis,
Chyluria.
CHYLOSTS, Chylification.
C H YLOSTAG'i\iA D I A P H 0 R E T'l C U JI
MINUERE'RI. (;^uXof, 'juice,' and ara^u), 'I
distil.') A compound prepared by distilling the
theriac o/Andromachus, the mithridate o/Damo-
crates, and other alexipharmics, <tc. It is nearly
the same preparation as the Aqua Theriueu'Ua
Bezonr'dica.
G\n:\,0'V\lO'Tl\X,Plei,rorrhw'acl,yh,'sa.Chy.
lorrhte'a Pec'torin, Jlydrotlio' rax chylo' hxih ; from
X^Ko^, ' chyle,' and flcDpo^, 'the chest.' — Effusion
of chyle into the chest, owing to the rupture of a
chyliferous vessel.
CHYLOUS, Chylar, Chyh/Hua sou Chyln'ris,
Cliylo'dea, (F) Chyleux, Cliylaire. Relating to
the chyle ; or having some analogy to that fluid.
CHYLU'RIA, Biabe'tes lac'teus seu c/iylo'sim,
Chylodiahe'tes, Galactii'ria, Fltixus ccellacKS per
Reiiea, Pyu'ria lae'tea seu Chyhi'aa, Cirlincn uri-
na'lia seu rena'h'n, Cliylorrhw'a nrina'lin seu re-
tia'lis, from X^^"^' ' cliy'e,' and ovpov, ' urine.' (F.)
Diidn'te chyleux. A discharge of milky urine,
without any apparent lesion of the kidneys or
bladder.
CIIYLUS, Chyle, Decoction, Succus.
CHYME, Chymua. X'"l'°'>> 'j"'fe,' from ;^u(i), 'I
flow.' The pulp, formed by the food, mixed with
the supra-diaphragmatic and gastric secretions,
after it has been for some time in the stomach.
In this it continues until it reaches the biliary
and pancreatic ducts, which open into the duo-
denum, where the conversion into chyle occurs,
which is absorbed by the chyliferous vessels, — the
excrementitious portion of the food traversing the
large intestine to be evacuated per anum. Cas-
telli asserts, that Chyme and Chyle were used in
an opposite sense by the ancients, to that ac-
cepted at present.
CHYMI, Humours'.
CHY'MIA, Cbymistry — e. Organiea, Chymis-
try, organic — c. Pharmaccutica, see Chvinistry.
CHYMIA'TER, Chimin'ler, Chemia'ter, from
Xv/icta or xvi^eta, ' chymistry,' and larfio^, ' a phj--
sician,' latro-chi/m'iciia. A chemical physician.
CHYMIATRI'A, Chimiatrl'n, Chemiotri'a,
Tntro-chemi'a, Jfediei'ita sjiogyr'icrt, Ara Chymi-
at'ricn, (F.) Chimidtrie. Chimiame (of some), from
Xviicta or xif^i'h 'chymistry,' and larfua, ' cure.*
The art of curing by chemical means.
CIIYMICAL
204
CICERBITA
CnYM'ICAL, Chem'ioil, Chem'icits, Chemo'-
ticHS. A medicine formed by the aid of chymis-
try, in contnulistinctiim to Gulenical.
CIlYM'ICO-IILSTOL'OGY,67(ym'/co-7i!Vo%'-
ia, Chein'ico-hist(>l'o(]ij. The doctrine of the or-
ganic chemistry and morphology of tissues.
CH YM ICOPIIANTA, Chy mist.
CHYMICUS, Chymical, Chymist.
CHYMIE, Chymistry.
CHYMIFICA'TION, Chjmifica'tio, CJnjmo'-
sis, from x^l^"^' 'juice,' and fucere, 'to make.'
Formation of chyme.
CHYMISM, Cliymlsm'iis, Chemism'vs, (F.)
Chilli Ume. The abuse of chymistry in its appli-
cation to the science of organized bodies. By
some used synonymously with Chijmintriu. Also,
an accouut of the chemical phenomena apper-
taining to a function — as the chemismus of respira-
tion.
ClIYM'IST, Chem'ist, Chem'icns, Chymico-
pJiaii'ta, Chym'icus, (F.) Chimiete ou Cliyminte.
One acquainted with chymistry. In Great Bri-
tain it has, also, the signification of " one who
sells chemicals."
CUYMISTE, Chymist.
CHYM'ISTRY, Vhem'istry, Cliemi'a, Cliymi'a,
Chiiiii'a, Cliemcii'tice, C/iemot'ice, PhiloHojih' ia per
iijnem, Spa/jy'ria, Pyrotech'nia, Pyrosoph'ia, Ars
heniiet'ica seu niago'rum sea sejiaraUi' rt a son upa-
gyr'ica, Archima'gia, from x^l"'^> 'J'^'^^Z ^^ from
Arab, chema, ' a secret.' (F.) (Jhimie ou Chymie.
A branch of the natural sciences, whose object
is to investigate the nature and properties of
bodies, simple and compound, inorganic and
organized ; and to study the force or power, by
virtue of which every combination is effected. It
investigates the action between the integrant mo-
lecules or atoms of bodies.
Ort/an'ic Chemistry, Ghymi'a ortjrin'icn, Organo-
cJiemi'a, is the chymistry of organized substances,
— animal and vegetable. Anitnal Chym'istry,
Zooch'einy or Zooch'ymy, Zoochemi'a, is the chy-
mistry of substances afforded by the dead or living
animal body. This branch of chymistry has been
farther subdivided into physiological, when it con-
siders the changes produced in organized bodies
in health, — patholin/ical, when it regards those
produced by organic or other diseases. Anthro-
poch'yiny, Anihropochemi'a, is the chymistry of
the human body. Chymistry is called Thcrupeu'-
tieal or Pharmacen'tictd, Pharmnco-chymi'a, Chy-
vii'a phurmaceu'tiea, when it is engaged in the
analysis of simple medicines ; in improving the
prescribing and preparing of chemical and Galeni-
cal medicines ; in the means of preparing them,
and detecting adulterations, &c. Nygien'ic Chym'-
intiy is that which is applied to the means of
rendering habitations healthy, of analyzing the
air we breathe, preventing the occurrence of dis-
ease, pointing out healthy aliments, and apprecia-
ting the influence of professions, <l'c., on the health
of man. All these different subdivisions, with
vegetable chymistry, are, at times, included un-
der the head of Medical Chym'istry, Phytochy-
mistry ; at others, the terra comjirehends only the
Animal, Vegetnhle and Pharmaceutical subdivi-
sions. Vital Chemistry, Biorhymi'a, is that which
is exerted under the influence of vitality. ///«-
toch'yniy, Ilistochemi'a, Histo-chem'istry, is the
chemistry of the tissues, and Phlegmatoeh'emy,
that of the animal huraoiirs, (Lebniann).
A kuowledire of chemistry is of great importance
to the physician. Many of the functions are of
a chemical nature : many dispenses require a che-
mical mode of treatment; and, without an ac-
quaintance with it, two or more substances might
be "iven in combination, which, by forming a
chemical union, might give rise to other com-
pounds, possessing very different virtues from the
components taken singly, and thus the prescriber
be disappointed in the results.
Chymistiiy, Animal, see Chymistry — e. Ily.
gienic, see Chymistry — c. Medical, see Chymis-
try— c. Organic, see Chymistry — c. I'liarmaceu-
tic, see Chymistry — c. Therapeutical, see Chy.
mistry — c. Vegetable, see Chymistry — c. Vital,
sec Chymistrv.
CJIYMOCilEZIA, Coeliac flu.T.
CIIYMOPLA'XIA, (G.) Chymoplanien,
Dyschymosen, from X"!^"^' 'j""-'c>' "-'"i "Xuvi;,
'wandering.' A transposition of secretions: — a
family of diseases in the classification of Fuchs,
which includes icterus, uroplania, uienoplania
and galactoplania.
CHYMOKRIKEA, Cceliac flux, Lientcry.
ClIYMOSIN, Pepsin.
CHYMOSIS, Chemosis, Chymification.
CHYMOUS, Chymo'siis, (F.) Chymeiix. Re-
lating to, or resembling chyme.
CHYMOZEMIA, Ilvpercrinia.
CHYTLEN, RADIX. A cylindrical root, bitter
and inodorous, brought from China. It is held
by the Chinese to be stomachic. — Murray.
ClIYT'LON, ;;^;utXui/, from x^">> ' I P""!" out.'
A liquid formerly used for rubbing the body after
bathing.
CIBARIUM, Aliment.
CIBARIOUS, Esculent.
CIBA'RIUS PANIS, ' Coarse bread.' Bread
made of second flour. — Celsus.
CIBA'TIO. Trophe. The taking of food. In
Pharmacy, it is the same as Incorporation.
CIBUS, Aliment — e. Albus, hluucmaugcr — c.
Deorum, Asafoetida.
CWA TRICE, Cicatrix.
CICATRICES OVARIORUM, Stigmata ova-
riorum.
CICATRIC'ULA. Diminutive of Cieatrix. A
small cica'trix, Stigma, (F.) Cieatricnle. The
term is, also, applied to a small white spot, called
the tread, clial'aza, chnla'zium, observable at the
surface of a, fecundated egg. See Molecule.
CICATRISAN'TIA, Epnlot'ica, Syiinlol'ica,
Apulut'ica, Catulot'ica, Ulut'ica, (F.) Oicalriannts,
Remedies formerly considered to be capable of
producing cicatrization.
CICA'TRIX, CcBca'trix, Ule, Oide, Cic'atrice,
from ccEcarc, 'to conceal,' because it conceals the
the wound. (F.) Cicatrice. A sear. A seam,
(Sc.) Ai-r. The union of parts, which have been
divided. A sear or formation, of a reddish colour,
afterwards whitish, and of variable thickness,
which takes place at the surface of wounds or
ulcers after their cure. A cicatrix may vary much
in shape, consistence, and thickness. The cica-
trix of a bone is called Callus. A vic"ioiis cica'-
trix, (F.) Cicatrice vicieme, is one which inter-
feres with the action of the parts on which it
occurs. The scars, (F.) Oontnres, after small-pox,
are called Pita or Pock-marJcs, (Sc.) PocJe-arrs,
(F.) Couturex par la petite verole. See Pock-mark.
Cicatrix Vartoi./e, Pock-mark.
CICATRIZA'TION, Cicntrisn'tio, Epnlo'tit,
Sipndn'sis. The process by which a cicatrix is
formed. Every tissue, except the nails, epider-
mis, hair, and enamel is, probably, capable of
cicatrization.
CICELY, SWEET, ChEerophyllum odoratum,
Osmorrhiza Inngistvlis, Scandix odorata.
CICER ARIETI'NUM. The Cicer plant, Ere-
hin'thus, (F.) Ciecrole, Pais Chiche, Garrance,
Pesette. The seeds are ground into flour, and
used as bread in some countries.
CiCRR Lkns, Ervum lens.
CI'CERA TAR'TARI. Small pills of turpen-
tine and cream of tartar — of the size of a vctcli
or cicer.
CICERBITA, Sonchus olcraceus.
CICilROLE
205
CILIARY
CJr'flROLE. Cioor arictiniim.
Crr|[()'RIUM KNDIV'IA. The systematic
name ot tlio Ijinlive, ICndlo'ia, Endl'va, In'tnbnin,
In'tyhiim (Aiiliq.), Scariolit, Iii'tijbui horten'ain,
(F.) Oliicoree (leu .Jnrdlns, Scnrnile. Ord. Cichi)-
raceic. Sex. Synt. Syngenesia Polj'gamia {equa-
lly. It is a common pot herb, and is eaten as
sala'l.
Cicno'RIUM In'tYBITS, Svris, Scrinln, Tn'tiihinn
errat'iciiiii. The systematic name of the Wild
Snc'cori/, Wild Oieh'ori/, Cich'ori/, C'hic'oiy, Wild
Eiullri;, Aiiihiitei'a, Hfllotro' pinn, Oitiannn'ce,
Cicho'reum, (F.) Chicnree sniivai/e. It is bitter,
and was once given as a tonic. The root, roasted
and ground, is often used instead of, or mixed
with, eotroe.
CICIIORY, Cichorium intybus— c. Wild, Cicho-
riura iiityl)«s.
CICI, Ilicinus communis.
CICINDK'LA, Lnm'pi/n's NoctHn'ca, Nited'-
xda. The Glow-worm. (F.) Ver hiisnnt. This
insect was once thought to be anodyne and lithon-
triptic.
CICrS, see Quercus infectoria.
CICOX'GIUS; an ancient measure, containing
12 pints.
CICUTA, Conium maculatum.
Cicu'tA Aqiiat'ica, C. viro'xa, Cicnta'rianqnat'-
ira, Corian'drnm cicu'tfi, Water Heniloek, Cow-
bane, (F.) Uiijit'e nqnafiqne ou vi'reuse, Cicufaire
aqiifil!(jii/;. Fumihj, Umbclliferaj. Sex. Si/it.
Pentandria Disynia. A violent poison, often
eaten by mistake for Wild SinalliKje, Apium
OraveoleitH. It produces tremors, vertigo, burn-
ing at the stomach, and all the symptoms occa-
sioned by the Narcotico-acrid class of poisons.
Cicu'ta Macula'ta, (F.) Cirjne d'Amiriqiie,
American tr<iter hemlock, American Hemlock,
Snakeirred, Drath. of man, Water parsley, Poison
mot, Wild Hemlock, Children's bane. Spotted
Cowbaiie, is analogous in botanical character and
medical properties to the European species. See
Conium niaiulatum.
CiciiTA Major, Conium maculatum — c. Major
fcetida, Conium maculatum — e. Stoerkii, Conium
maculatum — c. Terrestris, Conium maculatum —
c. Virosa, Cicuta aquatica — c. Vulgaris, Conium
maculatum.
CIV VTA [HE A Q UA TIQ UE, Cicuta aquatica.
CICUTARIA, Chaerophyllum sylvestre — c.
Aquatica, Cicuta aquatica, Phellandrium aquati-
cum — c. Odorata, ChflBrophyllum odoratum.
CrCUTLYE, see Conium.
CIDER, Poma'ceuM, (F.) Cidre. This word
is said to have been formerly written sidre, and
to have come from Sic'cra, criKtoa. which signifies
any kind of fermented liquor other than wine.
It is made from the juice of apples, and, vrhen
good, is a wholesome drink.
CIDRE. Cider.
CIERGE DE NOTRE DAME, Verbascum
thapsus.
CICtAK', Cigar'ra, (S.) Cigarro, (F.) Ci/iare.
A small tubular roll of tobacco, used for smoking.
Medic"inal or Jfed'icated Cit/nrs, (F.) Cif/ares
Mfdiciiiaiix, are made of dried plants, with, or
without, the addition of medicinal articles. When
rolled in paper, they form cigarettes, which may
bo used with or without combustion, as in the
case of the Cigarettes de Camphre. The Ciga-
rettes arsfiiicalis de Tioudin are made of paper
impregnated with an aqueous solution of arse-
nious acid, or of arseniate of soda, and dried.
CIGARETTE, see Cigar — c. Arshticale de
Boitdin, see Cigar — c. de Camphre, see Cigar.
CIGARRA, Cigar.
ClUXrS: an ancient measure, which contained
about two drachius.
CIGlin AQUATIQUE, Cicuta aquatica — c.
d'Ameriqiie, Cicuta maculata — c. d'Eaii, Phellan-
drium aquaticum — c. Grande, Conium mafulafum
— c. Ordinaire, Conium maculatum — c. OJicinule,
Conium — c. Petite, ^thusa cynapium — c. Virenee,
Cicuta aquatica.
CIL'IA (singular Ciliiim), lilcphar'ides, Epi-
cae'lides, Pili palpcbra'riim. The eyelashes, (Sc.)
Winkers. The hairs on the eyelids. (F.) Cils.
Their use seems to be, to prevent the entrance
into the eye of light bodies flying in the atmo-
sphere; and to diminish, in certain cases, the in-
tensity of light. Also, the tarsi. Also, a pecu-
liar sort of moving organs, resembling small
hairs, vi'bratory or vi'hratile cil'ia, Cil'ia vibra-
to'ria, (F.) Cils vibrntils, which are visible with
the microscope in many animals. These organs
are found on parts of the body which are habit-
ually in contact with water, or other more or less
fluid matters, and produce motion in these fluids,
impelling them along the surface of the parts.
Cilia hiive been found to exist in all vertebrated
animals except fishes, having been discovered on
the respiratory, uterine, and other membranes
of mammalia, birds, and reptiles.
The terms "vibratory motion" and "ciliary
motion" have been used to express the pheno-
mena exhibited by the moving cilia; and it is pro-
bable, that this motion is concerned in the pro-
gression of fluids along the metnbranes. As yet,
the motion has only been observed in the direc-
tion of the outlets of canals.
ClIJAfRE, Ciliary.
CIL'IARY, Cilia'ris, (F.) Ciliaire. Relating
to tiie eyelashes, or to ci7i'<i. This epithet has,
also, been applied to different parts, which enter
into the structure of the eye; from the resem-
blance between some of them [the ciliary pro-
cesses) and the eyelashes.
CiLlAny Ak'teries, Arte'rics cilia' res, (F.) ^ic-
tires ciliuires. These are furnished by the oph-
thalmic artery. They are distinguished into, 1.
Short or posterior (Art. vveoles — Chauss.) 30 or
40 in number, which are distributed to tiie ciliary
processes. 2. Long. (Art. Iriennes of Chauss.,)
two in number, which, by tlie anastomoses of
their branches, form two arterial circles at the
anterior surface of the iris: and, .3. The anterior,
Arte'rifB cilin'res anterio'res of Haller, the num-
ber of which is variable. These pierce the scle-
rotic a few lines from its union with the cornea;
and are principally distributed to the iris.
ClMARY BoF)V, Corpus Cil ia' re, Nexns Stamin'-
ens Oc'itii, Coro'na Cilia'ris, Ciliary Disc, (F.)
Corps cilinire. A ring of the choroid surround-
ing the crystalline in the manner of a crown ;
placed behind the iris and the ciliary circle. It
resembles the disk of a radiated flower, and is
formed Ijy the union of the ciliary processes.
See Ciliary Muscle.
CiiviAKY Canal, Canal of Fonta'na. A small,
extremely narrow circular space, formed i)etween
the ciliary circle, the cornea, and the sclerotica.
It can be filled with injection, and it is not cer-
tain that it is not the cavity of a blood-vessel.
Ciliary Ciuclr, Ciliary ligament — c. Disc,
Ciliary body — e. Ganglion, Ophthalmic ganglion.
ClLL\RY Lig'AMKNT, C. Circle or Ping, Ligii-
men'tnm seu Instertit"ium. cilia're sen I'ridis,
Plexus cilia'ris, An'nnhi-s sen Cir'ciiliis sen Or-
bic'ulns cilia'ris, A. cellnlo'sus, Com'missnre of
the Urea, (F.) Commissure de la Choroide — (Ch.),
Ligament ou Cercle ciliaire, Cercle de la Cho-
roide, Ceinture blanche de la Choroide. A species
of greyish ring, of a pulpy consistence, situate
between the choroid, iris, and sclerotica. The
internal surface of the choroid is uniform, until
it approaches within ten lines and a half of the
edge of the eurnea; here a dcutated line is ob-
CILIATED
206
CINCHONA
served, termed ora scn-a'ta. The outer surface
presents the an')itiltis al'hidua seu (/migliform'is,
the anterior edj;e of which unites to tiie inner
surface of the sclerotica and constitutes the ci7i-
art/ tii/ament.
Cii/iAny or Tars.vl Margin of the eyelids ;
(F.) Bord cili'iire. The edge in which the cilia
or eyelashes are situate.
Ciliary Motion, see Cilia.
Ciliary Mi;sclk, 3liiH'cahif< cilia' rh. The
part of the orbicularis palpebrarum in the vici-
nity of the ciliary margin. Also, the greyish,
semi-transparent structure behind the ciliary
ligament and covering the outside of the ciliary
body. By its contraction the ciliary processes,
and with them the lens, must be drawn towards
the cornea. It appears to be the same muscle as
the TetiHor choroidecs, Pro'trcihens leiitia, or cho-
roid muscle of some anatomists.
Ciliary Nerves (Nerfs Iricns, — Chauss.), (F.)
Nerfs ciliaires. These are 12 to 16 in numljcr.
They arise from the nasal nerve, and particu-
larly from the anterior part of the ophthalmic
ganglion ; and unite in two fasciculi, which pass
around the optic nerve, and pierce the sclerotica
near the entrance of that nerve into the eye.
They are lost in the ciliary ligament. .
Ciliary Plexus, C. Ligament.
Ciliary Proc"esses, Proces'sus seu Rad'ii
seu StricB cilia'rea, (F.) Proces ciliaires, Rayons
soHs-iriens — (Ch.). Triangular folds, sixty or
eighty in number, placed at the side of each other,
and radiating, so as to resemble the disk of a
radiated flower. They are lodged in depressions
at the anterior part of the vitreous humour. The
uses of these processes are not known.
Ciliary Ring, Ciliary ligament.
Ciliary Stri^ are numerous pale, radiated
striae in the posterior portion of the Corpus cili-
are, but so covered by the Pigmeutuin nigrum as
not to be distinctly seen till the paint is removed.
The ciliary processes are formed by these striae.
Ciliary Veins, (F.) Vcines ciliaires, follow
nearly the same course as the arteries. In the
choroid they are so tortuous, that they have re-
ceived the name Vasa vortico'sa. They open into
the ophthalmic vein.
Ciliary Zone, Zona seu Zo'nuln seu Lam'ina
Cilia'ris, 3fenihran'ula Coro'iicB Cilia'ris. Under
the corpus ciliare, the capsule of the vitreous
humour sends off an external lamina, which ac-
companies the retina, and is inserted, with it,
into the forepart of the capsule of the lens, a
little before its anterior edge. This is the Zonula
ciliaris, Zonula Zin'nii or Zonula of Zinn, Go-
ro'na Cilia'ris, Orhic'nlus Cilia'ris. It is of a
striated appearance and circular form, and assists
in fixing the lens to the vitreous humour.
CIL'IATED, Cilia'tus, (F.) Cilie, from cilia.
Provided with cilia — as " cilinted epithelium,"
the epithelium to which vibratory cilia are at-
tached.
CILIUM, see Cilia.
CILLEMEXT, Nictation.
CILLO. A name given by some authors to
those whose upper eyelid is perpetually tremu-
lous ; — a tremljling, which in some cases is called
Life's blood. " To have life's blood in the eye,"
in other words, is to have this affection. Vogel
calls it Cillo'sis.
CILLOSIS, Cillo.
CTLS, Cilia— c. Vibratils, see Cilia.
CIMEX, C. lectida'rinv, Aean'thia lectnla'ria,
Koris. Kopti. The Burj ; Wall, House OT Bed Bug
or Chiuche. (F.) Punaise. Six or seven of these,
given internally, are said to have prevented ague !
There is scarcely anything which is sufficiently
disgusting, that has nut been exhibited for this
purpose, and with more or less success. The bug
has also been esteemed eaimenagogue.
CIMICIFUGA, Aetata racemosa.
CIMO'LIA PURPUllES'CRNS, Terra Sapo.
na'ria seu Fullon'ica, Fuller's Earth. A com-
pact bolar earth, employed in the arts. Used at
times as a cooling application to inflamed nip-
ples, &c.
Cimo'lia Terra, Cimo'Ua alha, Cimo'lus, SmeC'
tis, Sntectris; from K(//o)Xof, an island in the Cre-
tan Sea, where it is procured. It was formerly
used as an astringent, &c. — Scrihonius Largus,
Pliny. Probably, the same as the last.
CINA CINA, Cinchona — c. Lcvantica, Arte-
misia Santonica.
CINABARIS, Ilydrargyri sulphuretum ru-
brum.
CINABARIUM, Ilydrargyri sulphuretum ru-
brum.
CIN'ABRA, Grasus. The smell of a he-goat,
A rank smell, like that of the armpit, Uirvm
ala'rnm.
CINABRE, Ilydrargyri sulphuretum rubrura.
CIN^DIA, Masturbation.
CINARA IIORTENSIS, Cynara scolymus— c.
Scolymus, Cynara scolymus.
CINCHO'NA. So called from the Spanish
Viceroy's lady, the Countess de Cinchon, who
was cured of fever by it at Lima, about 1638.
Called also Cortex seu Pulois Jesuit'icus, Jesuit's
Bark or Powder, Cortex Patrum, because it was
introduced into Europe by the Jesuits; also Pul-
vis Comitis'sce or the Countess's Poroder, and Car-
dinal del Lugo's Pouider, Cortex Cardina'lis de
Lugo, because he introduced it at Rome ; and in
France, Talbor's Powder and English remedij,
because successfully used there by Sir Robert
Talbor, who kept it a secret. It is the pharraa-
copoeial name of several kinds of barks froru
various species of Cinchona, from the western
coast of South America. Order, Cinchonaceae.
Sex. Si/st. Pentandria Monogynia. Called, also,
Cortex, Bark, Peruvian Bark, Cortex Chinee seu
China, Chinchi'iia, Palos de Calentura, Kina
Kina, (Bark of Barks,) Kinki'na, Cina Cina,
Quina Quina, Quinqui'na, Ifagnum Dei donmn,
(F.) Quinquina ; and in Peru Caseara and Cas-
carilla. See Caseara.
Cinchona Amygdalifolia, see Cinchonas cor-
difoliae cortex — c. Boliviana, see CinchonaB cor-
difoliae cortex — c. Calisaya, see Cinchona; cordi-
foliae cortex — c. Micrantha, sec Cinchonas cordi-
foliae cortex — c. Oflicinalis (Cortex Flavus), Cin-
chonse cordifolite cortex — c. Pallida, Cincbonae
lancifoliae cortex — c. Ovata, see Cinchonas cordi-
foliae cortex — c. Pitaya, Pitaya bark — c. Pubes-
eens, see Cinchona} cordifoliae cortex — c. Scro-
bicula, see Cincbonae cordifolias cortex — c. of Vir-
ginia, Magnolia glauca.
CiNCHo'NyE Carib^/^ Cortex, from Exns-
teni'ma Caribm' um, Carihm'an or Saint Lucia
Bark, (F.) Ecorce de Saint Lucie, Quinquina
Piton, from Exoste'ma Jloribvnd'um ; and the
Pitaya Bark, Quinquina hi'color, from an exos-
tema [?] 'Or from strychnos pseudoquina [?], are
useful substitutes for the cinchona of Peru. These
are the most important spurious barks. They
contain neither quinia nor cinchonia.
CiNCHON^E Cordipo'lIjE Cortex, Cortex f amis,
Ginchonm ojficina'lis cortex, flavus, China re'gia
seu Calisay'a, Cortex Chin0 re' gins seu JhicM
seu lu'tens, Yellow Royal or Culisay'a Bark,
(F.) Quinquina jaune ou jaune royal, Calasaya.
Odour aromatic ; taste strong, bitter, astringent.
Not rolled; often without the epidermis, which
is very thick and inert; light, friable; fracture
fibrous. Active principle Quinia. The /"/«« or
spurious Calisaya harks are those of Cinchona
CINCnONIA
207
CINNAMON
Cnh'nayn, variety JosepMana ; C. Boh'viana, C.
ovditt, variety riijinervis, called, in Peru, Caa-
corilln Curabayn — the Carahaya hark of com-
merce ; — of 6'. acrohicidata, two varieties, Ciisco
liii-k iilid Jhirk of St. Ann ; of C. piihescens, which
furnishes the CitMco or An'cn bark; of C. micrcui-
ihii iin'l of 0. awyr/dali/itlin.
ClsciioN^E IjANCiFo'l.lyK CoRTEX, Cortex Peru-
viu'nim sen j)(il'l!<liin, ChichnncB oJ/i<:>na'iis cortex
coin mil' nil, C'niihona palliild, Pale, Loxn or
Cniirn /lark, (F.) Qitiii'/iii'iia t/riH de Loxa, Qiiin-
(jiiiiia Urantje. Its odour is aromatic: taste
pleasant, bitter, and astringent. The pieces arc
rolled in double or single quills. Epidermis
brown, cracked; fracture resinous. Internally
of a cinnamon colour. Its active principle is
Cinchonia.
CiNciioxyE Obi,on(;tfo'li>e Cortex, Cortex
ruber, CinclioncB offieiiia'lis cortex ruber. Peel
liark, (F.) Quinquina rouije, (Sp.) CaecariUa roxa
and C. coloraila, of S. America. Odour and taste
the same as the pale, but more intense: in large
flat pieces, solid, heavy, dry ; fracture short and
ftnooth ; of a deep brownish-red colour. Al-
though this variety of bark is assigned to the
Cinchona oblongifolia by some, it would seem,
that nothing is eertninly known ns to its source.
Active principles, Cinchonia and Qiiinia.
The last three are the only officinal varieties
in the Pharmacopceia of the United States. There
arc many other varieties, however, which are
genuine cinchona barks, and yet have not been
considered worthy of an officinal position. The
Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia admits, indeed, Cin-
chona cinerea. Grey bark, Silver bark or Hiinuuco
or Li nni bark, which is obtained around Iluanuco
in Peru, and, with the Jaen or Ash bark and the
Hiiainilies bark, belongs to the class of pale or
Loxa barks. Amongst the genuine but inferior
barks arc those brought from the northern Atlan-
tic ports of South America, which, in commerce,
are variously called Pitaya, Boijula, Cartliagnna,
jl/iiracaybo, and Santa Martha barks. The Bo-
gota is also called Fusa (/asni/a and Coquctla
bark.
All these barks are bitter, astringent, tonic,
and eminently febrifuge. The yellow bark has
been thought equal to any of the others, but the
red contains more active principle. The discovery
of their active principles is one of the most im-
portant gifts of modern chymistry. Still, in per-
nicious intermittents, the bark, in substance, is
often demanded. It is employed in every disease
in which there is deficient tone ; but in cases
■where the stomach is much, debilitated, the pow-
der had better bo avoided, in consequence of the
woody fibre, which might disagree. Externally,
it is used in enemata, gargles, Ac, and in gan-
grenous ulcerations. When it excites nausea, an
nroniatie may be added to it; if purging, opium;
if costiveness, rhubarb, &c. Dose, ^^^^s to 5J or
more.
EssKXTiAi, Salt op Bark, as it is called, is
an extract, prepared by macerating the bruised
substance of bark in cold water, and submitting
the infusion to a very slow evaporation.
ClNCllOXIA, Cinchonine — c. Taunate of,
QiiiniiP et cinchoniiu tannas.
ClNClW'ii'lCl'ME,Clnchonici'na,Ciiichonic"ia.
M'hen a salt of cinchonia is exposed to heat, with
certain precautions, the alkaloid is changed into
nnotlier, isomeric with itself, to which this name
has lieen given. Cinchonicine, and its sulphate,
possess the same medical properties as cinchonia
and its salts. Dose, gr. v. to gr. xv.
CINCII'OXINE, Cinchoni'na, Cinrh'onin, Cin-
cho'nia. The active principle of Cincho'na lan-
clf'o'lia. An organic, crystalline alkali; of a
white colour, and bitter, slightly astringent taste;
very soluble in alcohol and ether, but almost in
soluble in water.
Sulphate of Cinchonia, which is formed directly
from cinchonia, is soluble in water and alcohol.
The action of the sulphate of cinchonia is similar
to that of the sulphate of quinia; but it is less
energetic, and consequently requires to be given
in a larger dose.
Cinchonine, Tartrate of, see Quinine, tar-
trate of.
CINCHONISM. Quininism.
CINCHOTIN, Quinidia.
CINCIN'NULUS. A little lock or curl of hair.
CINCIN'NUS. A curled or frizzled lock. The
hair on the temples.
CINC'LICIS, Cinclis'mwi, 'agitation; rapid
and frequent motion.' The movement of the
thorax in dyspnoea. — Hippocrates. It has been
used, also, synonymauslv with nictation.
CINCLISMIIS, Cinclisis.
CINEFACTIO, Incineration.
C I N E'M A, Cine'sis, from Kivtui, ' I move.'
Motion.
CINERARIA MARITIMA. Achoavon, Abiat.
CINERATION, Incineration.
CINEKES CLAVELLATI. see Potash — c,
Gravellati, see Potash — c. Russici, Potash of
commerce.
CINEREUS, Cineritious.
C I N E R I T"I 0 U S, Ciner'eus, from cinerea,
'ashes;' (F.) Cendre. Of the colour of ashes.
The cortical eubntunce of the brain, and the vesi-
cular neurine in general, have been so called.
See Cortex Cerebri, and Neurine.
CINESIPATIIY, Kincsipathy.
CINESIS, Cinema, Motion.
CINETH'MICS, from kivco,, 'I move.' The
science of movements in general.
CINETIC, Motory.
CINET'ICA. Same etymon. Diseases affect-
ing the muscles, and characterized by irregular
action of the muscles or muscular fibres, commonly
denominated Spasm, The 3d order in the class
Neurotica of (iood. , Also, agents that affect the
voluntary or involuntary motions. — Pereira.
CINETUS, Diaphragm.
CINGULARIA, Lycopodium.
CIN'GULUM, Zone, from cinf/o, 'I bind.' (F.)
Ceinture. A cincture. A girdle. The part of
the body, situate below the ribs, to which the
girdle is applied. The rcaist. Herpes zoster.
Cin'citlum Hilda'ni, Zo'nnla Hilda'ni, (F.)
Ceinture de Hildane. A leathern girdle formerly
used for the reduction of luxations and fractures
of the extremities.
Cin'gulum Mercoria'le, C. Sapien'tim seu
Stnltit"icp.. A woollen girdle, containing mercu-
rial ointment. It was used as an antisyphilitic,
and in diseases of the skin. (F.) Ceinture de vif
argent.
Ci.voiiLUM Sancti Joannis, Artemisia vulgaris.
CININ, Snntonine.
CINIS FiECUM, see Potash — c. Infectorius,
see Potash.
CINNABAR, Hydrargyri sulphuretum ru-
bruin — 0. Grsvcorum, see Calamus rotang.
CIXNABRE, Hydrargyri sulphuretum ru-
brum.
CINNAMOMUM, Laurus cinnamoraum — c.
Album, Canella Alba — c. Aromaticum, see Laurus
cinnnniomum-^c. Culilawan, Laurus Culilawan —
c. Indicum, Laurus cassia — c. Magellanicum,
AVintera aromatica — c. Malabaricnm, Laurus cas-
sia— c. Sylvestre Americanum, Nectandra cin-
namomoides — c. Zeylanicum, Laurus cinna-
momiim.
CINNAMON, see Laurus cinnnmomum — c.
Malabar, Laurus cassia — c. Wild, Laurus cassia.
CINONOSI
208
CIRCUMFLEX
CTNON'OST, frtim Ktvtu), 'I move,' and voaos,
* a disease.' Disent^es of motion. . |
CINOPER, IIy<ir.irgyri sulphuretum rubrum. ]
CINOPLANE'SIS, from Kivaa, 'I move,' and
nXavr/ais, 'a wandering about.' Irregularity of
motion.
CINQUEFOTL, Potentilla reptans — c. Marsh,
Comarum palustre — c. Norway, Potentilla Nor-
vegien.
CINZILLA, Herpes zoster.
CION. Uvula.
CI'ONIS. The U'viila. Also, tumefaction, or
elongation of the uvula; Staphyludial'i/sis.
CtOXI'TIS, from kiovh. 'the' uvula,' and itis,
'inflammation.' luiianimation of the uvula,
Uviili'iis.
CIONOERIIAPHIA, Staphylornphy.
CIOyOTOME, from /ctuv, 'the uvula,' and
Tojui?, 'incision.' Curved scissors for cutting off
the uvula.
CIOXOT'OMT, Cionntom'ia, from xtwv, 'the
uvula,' and rufiri, ' incision.' Excision of the
uvula when too long.
CIPIPA, see Jatropha manihot.
CIRC^EA, Atropa mandragora, Circasa Lute-
tian a.
Circ>«'a Lutetia'na, Circce'a, Parin'ian Cir-
cm'a, from Circe, the Enchantress ; E»chnnt'ers'
Nir/hfKhride, (F.) Herhe de Saint Etienne ou
aux Sorciers. This plant, common in the vicinity
of Paris, was formerly considered to be resolvent
and vulnerarj'. It was also supposed to possess
wonderful magical and enchanting properties.
CIRCIXUS, Herpes zoster.
CIRCLE, Circulus— c. Ciliary, Ciliary liga-
ment— c. of Willis, see Circulus.
CIRCOCELE, Circosele.
CIRCOXVrsrOX, Circumcision.
CIRCOXFL KXE, Circumfloxus.
CIRCOXSVRIT, Circumscribed.
CIRCOX VOL UTIOX, Convolution.
CIRCUIT, Circu'itus; in pathological lan-
guage, generally means 'period,' course.'
CIRCUITUS, Period, Circuit.
CIR'CULAR, Circula'rin, from circnlus, 'a
circle.' (F.) Cireidatre. Having the form of
a circular ; as Circular Amputation, &c.
The French use the expression " U)ie circu-
laire," for a turn of a bandage around any part.
CmcnLAit Sinus of Ridley, Sinus coronarius.
CIRCULA'TION, Circuln'tio, Cydophor'ia,
Cyclo'sis, Periodus aan'ijuinis, from cireulns, 'a
circle;' or rather, from circum. ' around,' and/o-re,
latum, 'to carry.' (F.) Circulation. Physiolo-
gists give this name to the motion of the blood
through the different vessels of the body-r-sft ».'/»(('-
motion; — to that function, by which the blood,
setting out from the left ventricle of the heart, is
distributed to every part of the body by the ar-
teries;— proceeds into the veins, returns to the
heart, enters the right auricle, and passes into the
correspon<ling ventricle, which sends it into the
pulmonary artery to be distributed to the lungs,
whence it is.'^ues by the pulmonary veins, and
passes into the left auricle. From this it is sent
into the left ventricle, and is again distributed by
means of the arteries.
Circula'tion', Cap'illary, C.des Parencliymen,
is that which takes place in the capillary vessels;
and is. in some measure, independent of the ac-
tion of the heart. See Capillary Vessels.
Circulation. Pulmox'ic or lesser, is the cir-
cle from the right to the left side of the heart by
the lungs. — The greater or systemat'ic or
SYSTEv'ic. is tliat through the rest of the system.
CIRCULA rOfRE, Circulatory.
CIRCULATOR. Charlatan.
CIR'CULATORY, Circulato'Hus, (F.) Circula-
toirc; same etymon as circulation. Relating to
the circulation of thchU»<il;—noii</uimo'inri/.
CIR'CULUS. A circle or ring; Ci/</u», Ci'.
villi, (F.) Ccrcle. Any part of the body which is
round or annular, as Cir'culun Oc'tdi — the globe,
bulb, or orb of the eye. — Ilippocr., Ualcn. It i(i,
also, applied to objects, which by no means form
a circle, — as to the Circle of Willis, Cir'ciilus
arterio'sus Willis'ii, ( F.) Uexaijoue artiriclle,
which is an anastomotic circle at the base of the
brain, formed by the anterior and the posterior
cerebral arteries and the communicating arteries
of Willis.
Circulus Arterio'sus I'ripis. The artery
which runs round the iris, and forms a circle.
Circulus Arteriosus AVillisii, Circle of Wil-
lis, sec Circulus — o. Ciliaris, Ciliary ligament —
c. Membranous, Hymen.
Cir'culus Callo'sus IIalleri. Teinio cnriJiB
veno'sus. The fibro-cartilaginous rings, around
the auriculo-ventricular openings of the heart,
to which the tricuspid and mitral valves are at-
tached.
Circulus Qiiad'ruplex ; a kind of bandage
used by the ancients.
Circulus Tonsilla'pis. A plexus forined by
the tonsiliitic l)ranches of the glosso-pharyngeal
nerve around the base of the tonsil.
Circulus Veno'sus, Figu'rn rcno'sn, Venn seu
Sinus termina'lii. The venous circle in the em-
bryo, which bounds the Area Vasculosa or ]'««cw-
lar Area.
Ciu'cuLus Vexo'sus Are'ol>13. The venous
circle, formed by the union of the veins around
the nipple. It embraces, however, only two-thirds
of the circuit.
CIRCUMAGENTES, Oblique muscles of the
eye.
CIRCUMCAULALIS MEMBRANA, Con-
junctiva.
CIRCUMCISIO, Circumcision — c. Foemina-
rum, see Circumcision.
CIRCUMCIS'ION, Circvmcis'io, Poxihct'omy,
Prcecis'io seu Abscis'io Prcr.pn'tii, Circrmicisn'rn,
Circunmec'tio, Perit'oinc, from circum, ' around,'
and ccrdere, ' to c\it.' (F.) Circoncision. An an-
cient operation, performed by some nations as a
religious ceremony. It consists in removing cir-
cularly a portion of the prepuce of infants; — a
custom, which was probably suggested with a
view to cleanliness. In cases of extraordinary
length of prepuce, or when affected with disease,
the operation is sometimes undertaken by sur-
geons. A similar operation is performed, amongst
the vEgyptians, Arabians, and Persians, on the
female, Circumci>i'io fcrmina'rutn, by removing a
portion of the nympha^ and at times the clitoris.
CIRCUMCISURA, Circumcision.
CIRCUMDUCTIO, Perisphalsis.
CIRCUM DUCTIONIS OPIFEX, Obliquus
superior oculi.
CIRCUMFLEX, Circumflex' us, from circum,
'around,' and //tjws, 'bent.' (F.) Circonflejce.
Curved circularly. A name given to several
organs.
Circumflex or Artic'ular Ar'teries of the
arm are distinguished into anterior and pnsle-
nor. They arise from the axillary, and are dis-
tributed around the shoulder.
Circumflex Arteries of the Tiitgii are dis-
tinguished into external and intern<il. — A. Soun-
trochanteriennes — Ch. They are given otf from
the Profunda, and surround the head of the thigh
bone.
Circumflex Muscle, CircnmflcTus Mus'culm,
C. Pala'ti Mollis. Tensor Pala'ti, Peristaphyli'ii»»
exter'nus seu inferior, Spheno-salpinr/o-stapliyli'-
nus seu Staphyli'nus exter'nus, Mus'cuhis tuhas
vovcB, Pala'to-saljjingcns, Pter'yijo- stajjhyU'nui,
CIRCUMFORANEOUS
209
CITREOLUS
Petrn-salpin' (jn-gtnpliyli' mm, Spheno-pter'ygo-pn-
luti'iiKii, Siilpitiijo-aloplii/li'mtH, (F.) Piikito-Hul-
piiiyien. A muscle, which arises I'rora the spi-
nous process of the sphenoid bone, and is in-
ecrled into t)io velum 2>e)tdulum palati. Its use is
to stretch the velum.
Ciiu'tMFi.KX Nkhve, Axillary Nerve.
CiiKM'MKi.BX Vkins follow the arteries.
CIUCUMFUUANEOUS, Charlatan.
CIHCUMFU'SA. Halle has thus designated
the first class of subjects that belong to Hygiene
— as utinosphere, climate, residence, <fcc. ; in
short, every thing which acts constantly on man
externiilly and internally.
CIUCLIMUYRATIO, Vertigo.
CIUCUMLKJATURA, Paraphimosis.
C1RCUMLIT"I0, from circumliiio, '1 anoint
nil over.' J'erich'risis, Perichris'tnn. A term
formerly used for liniments, but especially for
those apjilied to the eyelids.
CIKCUMOSSALE, Periosteum.
CIK'CUMSCRIBED, Uircamscnp'tus, (F.) Cir-
cotiHcrii. A term ai)plied, in pathology, to tu-
mours, which are distinct at their base from the
surrounding parts.
CIRCUMSKCTIO, Circumcision.
CIRCUMVALLATiE PAPILLiE, see Papillae
of the Tongue.
Umi'J, Cera.
ClJiE JAUNE ET BLANCHE, Cera flava
et alba — c. dcH Oreilles, Cerumen.
CIRIOS, Circulus.
CI RUN, Aearus, Psora.
CIRRHACRA, Plica— c. Polonorum, Plica.
CIRRllON'OSUS; from /c(,-pof, 'yellow,' and
i/otroj, ' disease.' A disease of the foetus, in which
there is a yellow coloration of the serous mem-
branes.— Siebonhaar.
cm H HOSE, Cirrhosis— c. du Foxe, Cirrhosis.
CIRIUIO'SIS, Kirrho'sig, Cirrhovo'sia, Kir-
rhnno'iiK, (F.) Cirrhuse, from xippoi, 'yellow.' A
yellow colouring matter, sometimes secreted in
the tissues, owing to a morbid process. Also,
called (^irrhu'Hla or Kirrho'nis.
Ciuitno'sis Hep'atis, see Ilepatatrophia.
Ornn' iddl-cd, (jron'iddr, vinm'mlUated, tnher'cu-
lated, and hob-nailed liver, (F.) Cirrhose du Foie.
It appears to be dependent upon repletion of the
terminal extremities of the biliary ducts with
bile, along with atrophy of the intervening pa-
renchyma. Hence the liver is smaller in size, or
atrophied.
Cirrhosis IIepatis. see Cirrhosis.
ClKltllosis OF THE LuNG, Ciirho'sis pulmo'tuim.
Dr. Corrigan has described a condition of the
lung under this name, the general character of
which he considers to be a tendency to consoli-
dation or contraction of the pulmonary tissue,
with dilatation of the bronchial tubes.
Cirrhosis Pulmonum, C. of the Lung.
CIRRHOT'IC, Cinhot' tcus. Same etymon as
cirrhosis. Affected with, or having the character
of cirrhosis.
CIR'SIUM ARVEN'SE, Car'dmis hemorrJio-
'ida'tis, C<:(ti)(j'llioR, (F.) Chardun heiiiorrho'idoL
A common jilantrused in France, in the form of
cataplasm in hemorrhoids; and worn as an
amulet.
CiusiuM Maoulatum, Carduus marianus.
CIRSOCE'LE, Circoce'le, Cirsox'eheum, from
•tipo-oj, ' vari.v,' and KriXrj, ' hernia ;' Var'icose Her'-
nia. The greater part of authors have employed
the term synonymously with Varleocde. Pott
gives it a ditt'erent signification. Varicocele, he
calls the tumour formed by the veins of the scro-
tum ; Circocvlc, Fiinic'idii8 vnrico'giia, the vari-
cose dilatation of the spermatic veins. The scro-
tum feels as if it contained earthworms. It is
U
commonly an affection of no consequence, de-
manding merely the use of a suspensory bandage.
CIRSOI'DES, Cirso'des, from Ktpaoi, ' varljc,'
and uios, ' resemblance.' Varicose, or resembling
a varix. Rufus of Ephesus, according to James,
apjilies this term to the upper part of the brain,
as well as to the spermatic vessels.
CIRSOxM'PHALUS, from Kipaos, 'varix,' and
oii(j,a\og, 'navel.' Varicose dilatation of the veins
surrounding the navel. The term has, likewise,
been apyilied to the aneurismal dilatation of the
arteries of that region ; called also, Varicomph'-
alu8, (F.) Hanjne anerryHmale, Aneurismal Heruiii.
CIRSOPHTHAL'MIA, Ciraophthal'mns, Te-
Innyiecta'sia ocnli, from Kipao;, 'varix,' and o'/i-
SaXfiOi, 'the eye;' Var'icose ophtliiil'mia, Op/i-
thahnia varico'sa, Varicos' itas conjiincti'voe. A
high degree of ophthalmia, in which the vessels
of the conjunctiva are considerably injected.
CIRSOSCHEUM, Cirsoccle.
CIRSOT'OMY, Cirsotom'ia, from Kipaos, 'va-
rix,' and To^>7, 'an incision.' Any operation for
the removal of varices by incision.
CIRSUS, Varix.
CIRSYDROSCHEOCE'LE, from Ktpaos, 'va-
rix,' 'vSuip, 'water,' oa^zov, the 'scrotum.' Vari-
cocele with water in the scrotum.
CISEAU {¥.), Forfex. An instrument, com-
posed of a flattened rod of metal, sharpened at
one extremity, and used in anatomical prepara-
tions, and in certain surgical operations, for di-
viding bones.
CI SEA UX, Scissors.
CISSA, Malacia.
CISSAM'PELOS CAPEN'SIS, Nat. Ord. Me-
nispermacea;, grows in almost every mountainous
part of the Cape of Good Hope. The root is used
as an emetic and cathartic by the Boers.
CissAJii'ELOs Glaberrima, see Pareira brara
— c. Pareira, Pareira brava.
CISSARUS, Cistus Creticus.
CISSI'NUM, from Ktaaos, 'ivy.' Name of a
plaster of ivy, used in wounds of the nerves or
tendons. — Pnulus of iEgina.
CISSOIDES, Caprcolaris.
CISSOS, Hedera helix.
CISTERN, LUMBAR, Receptaculum chyli.
CISTER'NA, from kictv, (L.) Cixt,,, -a chest.'
(F.) Citenie. This term has been applied to va-
rious parts of the body, which serve as reservoirs
for different fluids. The fourth ventricle of the
brain has been so called. — Arantius.
CiSTERNA Chyli, Receptaculum chyli.
CISTHORUS, Cistus Creticus.
CISTOCELE, Cvstocele.
CISTUS CANADENSIS, Ilelianthemum Ca-
nadensis.
Cistus Cre'ticus, C. salvifo'lius sen tan'n'cns,
Cis'thonis, Cis'sarns, Dorycin'iiim, Gum Cistus,
Ord. Cystineas ; &'cx. iSyxt. Polyandria Mono-
gynia. The systematic name of the plant whence
the Lahda'num, LaMn'nien or Lada'num, Giirn'mi
Lahdu'nnm, is obtained. Lada'num is a gum-
resinous substance, of a very agreeable smell,
found in the shops in great masses. Its colour is
blackish-green ; taste, warm and bitter. It is
but little used now. Formerly, it was a compo-
nent of warm plasters, and was prescribed inter-
nally as a stomachic. Ladanuni is also obtained
from Cistus ladauif'erus, and C. lauri/o'lius.
CiSTiis, Gum, Cistus Creticus — c. Salvifolius,
C. Creticus — c. Tauricus, C. Creticus.
CITERNE LOMJSAIRE, Receptaculum chvli.
CITHABUS, Thorax.
CITRAGO, Melissa.
CrrRARIA, Melissa.
CITRAS CIIINICUS, Quiniae citr.as.
CITREA MALUS, see Citrus medica.
CITREOLUS, Cucumis sativus.
CITRIC ACID
210
CLAP
CIT'RIC ACID, Ae"idum cit'ric.um, Ac'Hdum
Li'mo'uis, Acid of Lemons, Ac"idum Limo'ntim,
(F.) Acide citri</iie. This acid is fouml in the
lemon, orange, &c. It, is in rhotnboidal prisms,
which slightly eflBioresce on exposure to the air.
It dissolves in a twelfth part of its weight in
boiling water, and has an extremely acid but
agreeable taste. It is employed in medicine as
antiseptic, refrigerant and diuretic. Rubbed up
with sugar and with a little of the essence of
lemon, it forms the dry Lemonade, (F.) Lhnonade
seclie.
CITRINE OINTMENT, Unguentum bydrar-
gyri nitratis.
CITRON, see Citrus medica— c. Tree, see Ci-
trus raedica.
CITRONELLE, Artemisia abrotanum, Me-
lissa.
CITRONNABE, Lemonade.
GITROVILLE, Cucurbita.
CITRUL, SICILIAN, Cucurbita citruUus.
CITRULLUS, Cucurbita citrullus.
CiTRULLUS Ama'rus. An African plant, Ord.
Cucurbitaceae, called by the Boers Bitterappel or
Wild Wntermelon, the pulp of which, like that
of colocynth, is a drastic cathartic.
Citrullus Colocynthis, Cucumis colocynthis.
CITRUS, see Citrus medica — c. Acida, see
Lime.
Citrus Auran'tium. The systematic name of
the Oranye Tree, Auran'tium, A. Hispalen'iie,
Mains Auran'tia, Mains Auran'tia major seu vnl-
ija'ris, Auran'tium vnUjn're, Ci'trxis vidga'ris.
Ord. Aurantiaceae. Sex. Si/st. Polyadelphia Ico-
sandria. The fruit are called 3Iala Au'rea, Cliry-
some'lia, Ncran'tia, J/artia'na Pomit, Poma Au-
ran'tia seu Chinen'sia, Auran'tia Curassav'ica,
Oranges. The Flowers of the Orange, Flores
NaphcB, are highly odoriferous, and used as a
perfume. On distillation, thej' yield a small
quantity of essential oil — O'leum Auran'tii, Oleum
seu Essen'tia Nero'li, — with spirit and water, the
Aqua Florum Auran'tii, Auran'tii floris aqua,
Aqua anrantii, Orange-flower water. They were
once used in convulsive and epileptic cases. The
leaves, Fo'lia Auran'tii, have a bitterish taste,
and furnish an essential oil. They have been
used for the same purposes as the flowers. The
yellow rind of the fruit, Auran'tii Cortex (Ph.
U. S.), Citrus Bigara'dia (Ph. L.), Bigarade' or
Bitter Orange, Orange Peel, is an aromatic bitter,
and is used in dyspepsia, and where that class of
remedies is required. The Juice, Suecns Auran'-
tii, Orange juice, is a grateful acid, and used as
a beverage in febrile and scorbutic affections.
Citrus Bergamia, Citrus niella rosa — c. Bi-
garadia, see Citrus aurantium — c. Decumana,
Shaddock — c. Limetta, see Citrus mella rosa — c.
Limonum, C. mediea.
Citrus Med'ica, C. Limo'num. The systematic
name of the Lemon Tree. The Lemon, Limon
(Ph. U. S.), Limo'num Malum seu Bacca, Mains
Med'ica, M. Limo'nia Ac"ida, Limon, Cit'rea,
Mains, Citrus, (F.) Citron, Cedraf, has a fragrant
odour, depending upon the essential oil, O'leum
Limo'nis, of the rind. The outer rind. Cortex
Limo'num, Limo'nis Cortex (Ph. U. S.), Lemon
Peel, Zest, Flare' do Corlicum (Jitri, is used in the
same eases as the Cortex Auran'tii.
The juice, Succus Limo'nis, Limo'num Suecns
(Ph. L. ), (F.) Sue du Limon, Sue de Citron, is
sharp, but gratefully acid, the acidity depending
upon the citric acid it contains, and is given as a
refrigerant beverage in febrile affections. In
doses of half an ounce to an ounce, three times a
day, it has appeared to exert a markedly sedative
influence on the circulation, and has been given,
apparently with benefit, in acute rheumatism and
rheumatic gout. Alone, or combined with wine,
it is prescribed in scurvy, putrid sore throat, Af,
Its general properties are refrigerant and anti-
septic. Sweetened and diluted, it forms Lemon-
ade. Artificial lemon-juice is made by dissolvinf;
an ounce of citric acid in fourteen fluidounces of
water ; adding a few drops of essence of lemon.
Lemonpeel tea, or water, is maile by paring tlio
rind of one lemon, previously rubbed with half an
ounce of sugar: the peelings and sugar are tlu'ii
put into a jar, and a quart of boiling water is
poured over them. When cohl, the fluid must bo
poured off, and a tablespoonful of lemon juice ba
added.
It is an agreeable drink in fevers.
Cit'ron Tree is likewise considered to belong
to the same species — Cit'rus Med'ica. Its fruit
is called oedrome'la. It is larger and less succu-
lent than the lemon. Citron juice, when sweet-
ened with sugar, is called by the Italians A(jro
di Cedro.
Citrus Mella Rosa of De Lamarck, another
variety of Citrus Jledica, afi'ords the Bergamotc,
as also do Citrus Limet'ta and C. Berga' inia.
Citrus Vulgaris, Citrus aurantium.
CITTA, Malacia.
CITTARA, MINERAL AVATERS OP. Thesa
springs are in the Isle of Ischia, near the sea.
They contain carbonate and sulphate of lime, and
chloride of sodium. Their temperature is 100"
Fahrenheit.
CITTOS, Iledera helix.
CITTOSIS, Chlorosis, Malacia.
CIVETTA, Zib'ethum, Civ'et, (F.) Civftte. An
unctuous perfume, of a very penetrating odour,
obtained from different mammalia of the Vivar'ni
kind, particularly from Viver'ra civet'ta. It is
contained in a fold of the skin, situate bclweeu
the anus and the organs of generation.
CLABBER, Bonnyelabber.
CLABBERGRASS, Galium verum.
CLADES GLANDULARIA, Plague.
CLADISCOS, llamusculus.
CLADONIA ISLANDICA, Lichen islandicus.
Clado'nia Rangifer'rina. The ancients re-
garded this European plant as pectoral and sto-
machic. It enters into the composition of tlie
Poudre de Cliypre,
CLADOS, Ramus.
CLADRAS'TIS TINCTO'RIA, Virgil'ia Yd-
low Ash, Fustic Tree, Yellow Locust. An indi-
genous tree, which flourishes from Kentucky to
Alabama. The bark of the tree and the rooti
are cathartic.
CLAIRET, Claret.
CLAIRVOYANCE (F.), 'Clear-seeing.' A
clearness of sight, said to be communicated liy
animal magnetism, which not only cnableis tbo
magnetised person to see in the dark, througli
stone walls, &c., but even to observe prospects,
which he has never seen previously, whilst he
may fancy he is flying in the air. It need hardly
be said, that the possession of such powers ii
fabulous.
CLAMMY, Vis'cidus, Glutino'sus, (F.) Mtew,
(D.)A7((//(, 'moist.' Viscous; glutinous. Aclnmniij
mouth, (F.) Bouche puteuse, is one that is covered
with a mucous coat.
Clamjiy Weed, Polanisea graveolens.
CLAMOR, Cry.
CLANGOR, Oxyphopia.
CLAP, Gonorrhoea impura.
CLAriER
211
CLEF
CLAPIER (F.). A clapper, Latlh'nlum, from
kXchtuv, 'to conceal.' A purulent foyer of dis-
ease ; concealed in the flesh or under the skin.
See Sinus.
CLAPWORT, Orobanche Americana.
C'LA Q (JEM i: NT, Odontosynerismus.
CLARENDON, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Mild acidulous springs in Vermont; temperature
from 48° to 54° Fahr. The gas, given off from
tiie water, consists of carbonic acid, oxygen, and
nitrogen. The springs have a reputation in cu-
taneous diseases, chronic bronchitis, <fec.
CLAR'ET, ( Vin clair [?] ), Clare'tiim, Vin de
Bordeaux, (F.) Cfairet. A pleasant French wine,
which may be used whenever wine is required.
Also, a wine impregnated with spice and sugar,
culled lil<cwise Viitnm Hippocrnt'icum seu Medi-
cii'tnm, Potits HIppocrut'icHD, Hip'jxtcras, Hyp'-
jKicraa. Schroder speaks of a Clare' turn al'terans,
and a C. punjans.
CLARETA, Albumen ovi.
CLAKETUM, Claret.
CLARIFICA'TION, Clarifica'tio, Depura'tion,
from alantu, 'clear,' and /«cio, 'I make.' A phar-
maceutical operation, which consists in separating
fiom a liquid every insoluble substance, held in
suspension by it, that affects its transparency.
Decaiiiiti'j and fdteriujj are the operations neces-
sary for this purpose.
CLARY, COMMON, Salvia sclarea,
CLASLS, Fracture.
CLASMA, Fracture.
CLASS, Chts'sis, (F.) Clause, An assemblage
pf a certain number of objects. In Natural Ilis-
tori/ and in Medicine, a group of objects or infli-
viduals having one or more common characters.
The classes are divided into orders, the orders
xnio genera, the genera into species, and these last
into varieties.
CLASSIFICA'TION,C/«s8(;/iert'^,-o,from c/a8«!»,
'a class, 'and facio, 'I make.' The formation of
classes. A methodical distribution of any objects
whatever into classes, orders, genera, species, and
varieties. See Nosography, and Nosology.
CLASSY, MINERAL WATERS OF. Classy
is near Laon in Picardy,. France. The waters
are chalybeate.
CLAUDICATIO, Claudication — c. Anatica,
Vacillatio.
CLAUDICA'TION, Claudicn'tio, from clnudi-
cnre, 'to be lame.' The act of halting or limp-
in!». Lameness, (Prov.) Hirpling, Clau'ditas,
Clwlo'sis, Cholei'a, Chn/o'ma, (F.) Claudication,
lioitement, lioiterie. This condition does not
constitute any special disease, but is produced by
different causes oi' affections. It may be the
result of the shortening or elongation of one of
tiie lower limbs, of ankylosis of the joints, palsy
of the muscles, pain, <fec.
CLAUDITAS, Claudication.
CLAUSTRUM GUTTURIS, Isthmus of the
fauces — c. Palati, Velum pendulum palati — c.
A'irginitatis, Hymen.
CLAUSU'RA, from claudere, 'to shut.' An
imperforation of any canal or cavity.
CLvrsr'iiA Uteui. Preternatural imperfora-
tion of the uterus.
CLAVA RUGOSA, Acorus calamus.
CLAVALIER A FEUILLES BE FR&NE,
Xaiiihoxylura clava Ilerculis.
CLAVA'RIA CORALLOI'DES, Coralloides
l-'uni/ns, Condicort. Ord. Fungi, {c/ara, 'a
Icnotty branch, a club.') Said to be corroborant
and astringent. A kind of clavaria, called (F.)
Digital blanc, Digital humain, CJiampignon dc
I'uppureil des fractures, formed of digitations,
grouped together, and two or three inches ia
length, is said to have been often found, formerly
at the Hotel Dieu of Paris, on the splints of white
wood used in the treatment of fractures, in au-
tumn.— H. Cloquet.
CLAVATIO, Gomphosis.
CLAVE All, Murr.
CLA VELEE, Murr.
CLAVES CALVARIiE, Wormiatia Ossa.
CLAVICLE, Claris, Clavic'ula, Clainc'ulus,
Lig'nla, Fur'cula, Os Jug'uli, Jug'uhim, Cleis,
Clci'dion, from clavis, 'a key,' (F.) Clavicule.
The collar-bone, (Old Eng.) Cannelbone, Channel-
hone, (Sc.) Cannclhai/ne, Cragbane, Halsbane.
The clavicls is shaped like the letter S, and is
placed transversely at the upper part of the tho-
rax. It is articulated, at one extremity, with the
sternum ; at the other with the acromion process
of the scapula. It gives attachment, above, to
the Sterno-cleido mastoidens ; below, to the Sub-
clavius ; before, to the Pevtoralis major and Del-
toides ; and behind, to the Trapezius. It serves
as a point of support for the muscles of the arm,
and protects the vessels and nerves passing to
that extremity.
The fibres, connecting the lamellae or plates of
bones, have also been called Clavic'uli or Nails.
CLAVICULAR, Clavicula'ris, (F.) Clavicu-
laire ; same etymon. Relating to the clavicle or
collar-bone.
Clavicular Nerves, Nervi clavtcula'res.
Branches of the fourth cervical nerve, which are
distributed to the clavicular region.
CLAVICULE, Clavicle.
CLAVICULI, see Clavicle.
CLAVIS, Clavicle, Key— c. Anglica, Key.
CLAVUS. A nail. Helos, Gomphos, (F.)
Clou. This word is employed in medicine in
various senses. It means, 1. A Corn, from its
resemblance to the head of a nail. 2. Certain
condylomatous excrescences of the uterus. .3. A
callous tumour, which forms on the white of the
eye, and resembles a nail, the C/avus Oc'uli, (F.)
Clou de I'opil. This last, by some, is considered
to be S3non}'mous with staphyloma; by others,
with staphj'loma of the cornea. Also, the penis.
ClAVCS Hyster'icuS, 3fonopa'gia, 3Tonope'-
gia, (F.) Cfou Hyst^rique. An acute pain, con-
fined to a small point of the head, described by
the sick as resembling that which would be pro-
duced by a nail driven into the head. It has
been particularly noticed in hysterical females ; —
hence its name. It is called Drum hi/ster'icum,
when the pain occupies a greater extent.
Clavus Srcalinus, Ergot — c. Secalis, Ergot —
c. Siliginis, Ergot.
CLEANSINGS, Lochia.
CLEAR-SEEING, Clairvoyance.
CLEARWEED, Pilea pumila.
CLEAVAGE, from Anglo-Saxon eleoPan, 'to
split.' The natural line of separation exhibited
by certain substances, as minerals, when sub-
jected to mechanical force. The term has boen
applied to the separation of muscles into longitu-
dinal and circular striae, when mechanical vio-
lence is used.
CLEAVERS, Galium aparine.
Cleavers' Bees, Galium aparine.
CLEAVEWORT, Galium verum.
CLEF, Key — c. du Crane, Wormiana ossa —
c. de Garengcot, Key — c. a Noix, see Key — c. d
Pivot, see Key — c. a Pompe, see Key.
CLEFT
212
CLIMATE
CLEFT, Rima, see Monster — c. Palate, see
Harelip.
CLEIDAGRA, Cleisagra.
CLEIDION, Clavicle.
CLEIDO-COSTAL, Costo-clavioular.
CLEI'DO-MASTOi'DEUS. Albinus thus de-
signates the posterior portion of the sterno-cleido-
mastoideus, which he considers a separate muscle.
It has been corrupted into clino-maatu'ideua.
CLBLS, Clavicle, Key.
CLEIS'AGRA, Cleid'ngra, from kAei?, 'the
clavick',' and aypa, 'a seizure.' Gout in the
clavicle. — A. Pare.
CLEITIIORION, Clitoris.
CLEITHORIS, Clitoris.
CLEITORION, Clitoris.
CLEITORIS, Clitoris.
CLE'MATIS, from KXri^ia, K^npinToi, 'a branch
of a vine, a tendril.' A genus of plants in the
Linntiean system.
Clematis Daphnoides Major, Vinca minor —
c. Coryinbosa, C. erecta.
Clematis Erect'a, C. recta seu corymho'sa,
Clemati'tis erec'ta, Flam' inida Jovis, Upright
Virgin's Dower, (F.) Cliinatite droits. Order,
RanunculacetB. Sex. Si/nt. Polyandria Polygynia.
The leaves contain an acrid principle. Thoy have
been esteemed anti-venereal; and, in the form
of powder, have been used as an escharotic.
Clematis Flammula, see C. vitalba — c. Recta,
C. erecta — c. Sepiuui, C. Vitalba — c. Viorna, see
C. Vitalba — c. Virginica, see C. Vitalba.
Clematis Vital'ba, C. se'pium seu syloes'tris,
Yitnl'hn, Vinr'na, Atra'gene, Tran'eller'a Joy,
Common Virgin's Bower, (F.) Clematite, Ilerbe
aiix gneiiJ^, Aubevigne. It has been used in the
.«ame eases as the former. In infusion it has
heen applied in cases of itch.
The leaves of Clematis CnisPA — c. Flam'mula,
aicect-sccnted Virgin's bower — c. VmGlN'iCA, com-
mon Virgin's lower — and C. Vjor'nA, Leather-
flower, have similar properties.
CLEMATITE, Clematis vitalba— c. Droite,
Clematis re-cta.
Clematitis Erecta, Clematis erecta.
CLEOME PENTAPHYLLA, Gynandropsis
pentaphylla.
CLEO'NIS COLLYR'IUM. A collyrium de-
scribed by Celsus, composed of equal parts of
Samian earth, myrrh, and thus mixed vpith white
of egg : called doubtless after its inventor.
Cleon'is Gluten. An astringent formula of
myrrh, frankincense, and white of egg.
CLEP'SYDRA. from k^cttto), '1 conceal,' and
'v6u)p, 'water.' An instrument contrived by Pa-
racelsus to convey fumigation to the uterus.
CLEPTOMANIA, Kleptomania.
CLETIIRA ALNIFO'LIA, Sweet pepper-huah,
Wliite alder; indigenous. Order, Ericaceas.
The leaves and flowers are diaphoretic and ex-
citant.
CLETORIS, Clitoris.
CLEVES, MINERAL WATERS OF. This
spring is a quarter of a league from Cleves, in
AVestphalia. It contains carbonate and sulphate
of iron.
CLICKING, see Rale sibilant.
GLIDER, Galium aparine.
CLIFFORT'IA ILICIFO'LIA. Ord. Rosa-
ceae. A common South African plant, used by
the Boers as an emollient expectorant in catarrh.
CLIFTON, CLIMATE OF. The vicinity of
Clifton and of Bristol, England, appears to be
the mildest and driest climate in the west of
England; and, consequently, the best winter re-
sidence, in that part of the country, for invalids,
It is, also, a favorable summer climate, and it
surrounded by numerous places of agreeable re-
sort, suited for those who may pass the season
there.
For the mineral waters of Clifton, see Bristul
Hot Well.
GLIGNEMENT, Scardamygmus.
CLIGNOTEMENT, Nictation.
CLIMA, Climate.
CLIMACTERIC, Climacter'icua, Climater'i.
CHS, from KKifxaKTrip, 'a step.' (F.) Climaclerir/ue
ou Climateri(/ne. A word, which properly signi-
fies 'by degrees.' It has been applied to certain
times of life, regarded to be critical.
At present, the word Climacteric is chiefly ap-
plied to certain periods of life, at which great
changes occur, independently of any numerical
estimate of years. Such are the period of pn-
berty in both sexes ; that of the cessation of the
menses in women, &c.
Climacteric Years, Anni Climacicr'ici, are,
according to some, all those in the life of man,
which are multiples of the number 7, Scpten'ni-
ads. Others have applied the term to years, re-
sulting from the multiplication of 7 by an odl
number. Some have admitted only three cli.
nuicterics ; others, again, have extended them to
multiples of 9. Most, however, have considercl
the G3d year as the Grand Climacteric ; — 63
being the product of the multiplication of 7 by
9, and all have thought that the period of threo,
seven, or nine, which they respectively adopted,
was necessary to the entire renewal of the body;
so that there wa-^i, at these times, in the economy,
none of the parts of which it had previously
consisted. The climacteric years have also been
called, (Anni) hcbdomad'ici, scala'res, gradn'rii,
scan'silen, genethJirici, natalit"ii, fata'les, crit'ici,
decreto'rii, hero'ici, <fec. All the notions on the
subject are essentially allied to the doctrine of
numbers of Pythagoras.
CLIMATAL, Climatic.
CLIMATE, Climn, Inclina'tio cwli, (F.) Cli-
mat, Gr. kA(/<o, 'a region.' In geography, the
word climate is applied to a space on the terres-
trial globe, comprised between two circles paral-
lel to the equator, and arbitrarily measured ac-
cording to the length of the days. In a hygienic
point of view, we understand by climate, since
Hippocrates, a country or region, which may
differ from another in respeet to season, qualities
of the soil, heat of atmosphere, &c. Climate, in-
deed, embraces, in a general manner, all the
physical circumstances belonging to each region,
— circumstances which exert considerable influ-
ence on living beings. The dark complexion
of the inhabitants of the torrid zone is easily
distinguishable from the paleness of those of
the frigid, — so are the diseases. They are all
modified, more or less, by climate or locality.
Hot climates pre<Hspose to abdominal complica-
tions in febrile aflFe<;tions; cold climates to tho-
racic, &c.
One of the most important considerations with
regard to climates is their comparative fitness for
the residence of invalids, and especially of those
who are liable to, or suffering under, catarrhal or
consumptive affections. The great object, in
such cases, is to select a climate which will ad-
mit of regular and daily exercise in the open air,
so that the invalid may derive every artvanta(;e
which this form of revulsion is cajjable of effect-
ing. To an inhabitant of the northern and mid-
dle portions of the United States— and the same
CLIMATE
21 3
CLIMATE
npplies to Great Britain, France, and the north-
ern parts of the old world — a more southern cli-
mate alone affords tliese advantages in an emi-
nent degree. During the summer months there
are few, if any, diseases, which require a milder
climate than that of the United States, or of the
milder districts of Europe. The temperature of
the winter months is, consequently, the most im-
portant object of attention. Equability of tem-
perature is essential, inasmuch as all sudden
changes interfere with the great desideratum —
exercise in the open air. In the whole continent
of North America the changes are very sudden
and extensive. It is not uncommon for the range
to be 40°, between two successive days. So far,
therefore, as this applies, the American climate
is not well adapted to the invalid. In the
southern portions, however, of the Union, this
objection is counterbalanced by many advan-
tages.
The following tables exhibit the mean tempe-
rtiture of the year, and of the different seasons —
with the mean temperature of the warmest and
coldest months at different places in America,
Europe, Africa, &c., as deduced from the excel-
lent paper of Von Humboldt on Isothermal Lines,
the Meteorological Registers kept by the surgeons
of the United States arm^', under the direction
of Surgeon-generals Lovell and Lawson, 1822 to
1854, inclusive, the work of Sir James Clark on
Climate, <fec.
Certain of the tables show the mean monthly
temperature, maximum, minimum and range, as
well as the greatest daily, and mean daily range
during the corresponding months — but of diffe-
rent years — at some of the prominent retreats for
the valetudinarian in Great Britain, on the con-
tinent of Europe, and in the African islands. It
is proper, however, to remark, that in no situa-
tions, except in those to which an asterisk is
affixed, was the register thermometer used. In
the others, the observations were made during
the day only, and consequently the numbers
given are far below the real range throughout
the twenty-four hours. The places are ranged in
the order of their mean temperature.
Table op Maximum, Minimum, and Range of Temperatuue.
Tlaces.
December.
January.
February.
March.
April.
Max.
Mill.
Range
Max.
Min.
Range
Max.
Min.
Range
Max.
Min. 1 Range
Max.
Min.
Ran^je
54
56
56
57
59
60
61
68
25
34
25
32
40
31
34
62
29
22
31
25
19
29
27
16
47
54
56
53
58
58
58
69
21
28
21
27
27
29
29
60
26
26
35
26
31
29
29
19
52
65
60
55
58
60
60
68
27
33
35
30
37
33
31
51
25
22
25
25
21
27
29
17
56
59
65
58
65
65
69
69
26
34
35
35
41
37
38
51
30
25
30
23
24
28
31
18
60
62
71
64
69
74
78
72
31
36
43
41
46
44
43
55
29
26
28
23
23
30
35
17
Pau
Table of Mean Temperature.
Places.
December.
January.
February.
March.
April.
43 .00
46.50
41 .53
46 .00
48 .60
49 . 62
50.50
60 50
36.30
43.00
38 .89
42 .00
45 .85
47 .65
46 .50
59 . 50
42 .00
44.50
44.96
45 .00
49 .00
49 .45
48 . 50
58 . 50
45 .00
46.50
46 .80
47 .00
51 .45
62.05
52 .00
61 . 06
61 . 00
48 . 50
65. 79
63 . 00
67. 00
56.40
67.00
62.50
Pau
Table op Daily Range op Temperature.
December.
January.
February.
March.
April.
>^
>^
;^
>.
Placks.
•o hjj
t: ■
•^ bo
13 J
•o he
■^ aj
■^ i
•ss,
?4
S
U
S
a
S
a
S
o
A
6
3
7
9
13
13
4
7
8
13
16
6
9
9
12
16
8
9
14
12
17
9
8
14
13
18
Pau
Nice
6
9
14
15
13
14
8
11
9
11
16
16
14
17
9
10
11
9
18
18
19
13
9
12
11
10
17
19
18
14
11
13
14
9
18
20
20
13
Madeira
CLIMATE
21 4
CLIMATE
1. AMERICA, *c.
Nain
Fort Brady, Mich...
Quebec, L. C
Eastport, Me
Fort Howard, Mich.
Fort Crawford, Miss.
Cambridji'e, Mass.. . .
Council Bluffs, Miss.
Newport, II. I
Philadelphia
New York
Cincinnati
Monticello, Va
Washington, D. C...
Smithville, N. C. . . .
Charleston, S. C
Natchez, Miss
Pensacola, Flor
St. Augustine, do. . .
Tampa Bay, do...
Vera Cruz.
Havana . .
Bahamas
Barbadoes
Cumana . .
Latitude.
57°.08'
46 .39
46. 47
44 .54
44 .40
43 .03
42 .21
41 .25
41 .30
39 .56
40 .40
39 ,06
37 .58
38 .53
34 .00
32 .47
31 .34
30 .28
29 .48
27 .57
19 .11
23 .10
26 .40
to
27 .5
13 .10
10 .27
year:
26°.42'
41 .37
41 .74
42 .44
44 .50
45 .52
50 .36
50 .82
51 .02
53 .42
53 .78
53 .78
55 .40
55 .56*
58 .88
60 .18
64 .76
68 .77t
72 .23
72 .37
77 .72
78 .08
78 .3*
79 .3
81 .86
re ofdilierelit :
PTirtU)
0°.60
14 .09
14 .18
23 .44
20 .82
23 .76
33 .98
27 .38
33 .82
32 .18
29 .84
32 .90
37 .67
36 .80
53 .44
51 .09
48 .56
55 .13
59 .29
61 .24
71 .96
71 .24
7L
76 .7
80 .24
Spring, Suninttr .
23°.60
37 .89
38 .01
38 .58
41 .40
43 .09
47 .66
46 .38
46 .87
51 .44
61 .26
54 .14
54 .67
53 .83
64 .76
66 .73
65 .48
69 .67
71 .47
72 .93
77 .90
78 .98
77.
19.
83 .66
48°.38
61 .83
68 .00
60 .54
68 .70
69 .78
70 .70
72 .84
68 .70
73 .94
79 .16
72 .86
73 .33
75 .90
80 .46
80 .89
79 .16
82 .57
82 .73
80 .14
81 .50
83 .30
83.
81.
82 .04
^iutumn.
W.\
.33°.44
43 .94
46 .04
45 .43
45 .18
46 .74
49 .82
48 .60
53 .83
56 .48
54 .50
54 .86
56 .50
56 .59
68 .15
07 .55
66 .02
69 .05
75 .15
75 .26
78 .62
78 .98
80.
80.
80 .24
51°.80
62 .87
73 .40
63 .52
73 .67
71 ..34
72 .86
75 .92
71 .46
77 .00
80 .78
74 .30
75 .00
79 .13
82 .93
82 .81
79 .70
83 .55
83 .94
80 .72
81 .86
83 .84
90.
84 .38
H°.20
12 .63
13 .81
20 .91
17 .95
20 .14
29 .84
27 .1!)
32 .14
32 .72
25 .34
30 .20
36 .00
34 .60
50 .09
49 .4;!
40 .iU
53 .»{)
56 .CU
58 .70
71 .06 !
69 .98
64.
79 .16
St. Louis, Missouri, Lat. 38^41)' Mnaii tcuip. 55° .86. New Flarinonv Lat. .^Ho 11'. Mean temp. 50° .74.
New Orleans, Lat. 30° Mean temp. 0U° .01. Baton Rouge, Lat. 30° .26'. Mean temp. Cd° .07.
Jamaica, coast, Mean temp 80° .(!.
Kange of Mean Temperature in the TJ. States for the Extreme Months, Seasons, and Y?ui!
(Army Ileteorologieal Register, 1855.)
r
Stations.
Ye.\rs.
Hancoek Barracks, Maine 17
Fort Sullivan, Maine 25
Fort Constitution, New Hampshire, 25
Fort Independence, Massachusetts, 17
Fort Columbus, New York 33
Watervliet, New York 31
Alleghany Arsenal, Pennsylvania... 22
Fort McHenry, Baltimore, Md 24
Fort Monroe, Virginia, (Norfolk,)... 30
Fort Moultrie. S. C, (Charleston,)... 28
Fort Marion, St. Augustine, Florida, 20
Key West, (Florida,) 14
Fort Brooke, Florida 25
Fort Barrancas, Pensacola. Florida, 17
Mount Vernon Arsenal, Mobile, Ala.., 14
Fort Pike, Louisiana 14
New Orleans, Louisiana 20
Baton Rouge, Louisiana 24
Fort Jessup, Louisiana 23
Fort Gibson, Indian Territory 27
Jefferson Barracks, Missouri 26
St. Louis, Missouri 12
Fort Gratiot, Michigan 17
Fort Mackinac, Michigan 24
Fort Brady, Michigan 31
Fort Howard, Wisconsin 21
Fort Crawford, Wisconsin 19
Fort Armstrong, Illinois 11
Fort .Snelling, Minnesota 35
Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 24
Fort Kearney, Nebraska 6
Fort Laramie, Nebraska 6
Fort Brown, Texas 7
Fnrt Mcintosh, Texas 6
Santa Fe, New Jlexico ,. 5
San Diego, California 5
Benicia, California 6
Fort Vancouver, Oregon 6
Fort Steilacoom, Washington Ter., 6
Latitude
40°.07'
44 .54
43 .04
42 .20
40 .42
42 .43
40 .32
39 .17
37 .00
32 .45
29 .48
24 .32
28 .00
30 .18
31 .12
30 .10
29 .57
30 .26
31 .33
34 .47
38 .28
38 .40
42 .55
45 .51
46 .30
44 .30
43 .05
41 .30
44 .53
39 .21
40 .38
42 .12
25 .54
27 .31
35 .41
32 .42
38 .03
45 .40
47 .10
January.
JvJy.
8.7
Spring.
Summer.
Autitmn.
16.0
6.4
6.8
7.2
14.0
9.9
7.7
6.8
4.7
14.0
9.0
7.0
7.4
6.7
9.9
8.6
7.8
4.9
6.9
12.6
11.8
7.8
7.1
9.9
15.3
10.5
8.8
6.7
9.2
18.9
14.5
12.9
7.8
12.0
14.2
6.8
8.9
6.0
7.2
16.9
7.4
10.1
5.9
7.6
18.3
6.1
7.1
7.3
9.5
16.1
8.6
11.3
6.7
7.1
12.6
5.9
.S.5
3.2
4.2
17.7
6.8
6.8
5.4
4.8
18.2
5.3
7.1
3.2
4.5
14.2
6.1
4.7
4.3
5.6
10.7
6.2
6.2
3.0
7.0
18.0
6.8
7.4
5.2
6.5
15.4
7.1
9.3
4.8
6.9
17.5
7.8
9.0
4.6
7.6
19.5
7.8
9.2
8.6
11.3
17.6
12.0
15.0
9.1
10.2
14.0
7.2
7.2
4.7
7.4
13.6
11.8
11.8
8.2
8.9
12.3
10.3
8.1
5.8
7.9
13.0
13.3
13.0
8.5
9.8
14.5
11.8
9.2
7.6
9.9
19.6
10.4
17.7
8.1
9.2
18.5
10.3
6.8
8.3
6.2
27.9
14.6
17.3
11.0
10.4
24.7
10.0
17.8
8.0
9.4
19.9
5.2
5.8
4.1
7.0
13.2
4.5
6.4
2.6
10.8
10.0
2.9
2.5
2.2
.3.1
10.2
3.7
4.8
5.5
3.1
4.3
6.9
2.3
1.8
.5.0
3.7
6.9
40.7
2.7
3.6
6.9
4.9
4.6
2.9
3.4
10.1
3.4
4.0
2.6
2.2
12.6
.3.8
2.3
1.8
2.8
7.1
7.8
11.9
11.0
10.3
12.8
11.2
11.2
16.0
16.7
15.4
8.2
11.9
9.7
6.8
13.3
8.9
11.1
10.6
14.4
19.2
7.3
10.7
9.9
9.0
16.6
16.4
17.4
16.0
1.3.3
13.0
4.8
4.2
3.6
.3.7
2.6
3.2
2.3
4.0
6.0
3.7
6.7
4.7
7.3
7.4
7.8
4.9
9.0
6.9
6.7
3.5
4.0
3.0
35
4.8
4.7
4.2
6.6
6.9
7.0
3.7
6.1
6.1
7.1
5.1
8.9
7..^
8.6
8.0
5.3
5.8
1.6
L9
0.8
2.3
U
1.4
2.0
CLIMATEllIC
21
C L I N 0 I D
2. EUROPE, AFRICA, &c.
Places.
(Jftiuva
(xo-'port
Newport, Inle of Wight
Sidinoiith
Pen/.ance
UnJercliff
Hastings
Bute
Cove of Cork
.Jersey
I'aris
I'ilU
Sienna
Xiintes ,
IJordcanx
Alontpellier
Avignon
Florence
Nice
Marseilles
Toulon
Leghorn
(xonoa
Rome
Naples
St. Michaels, Azores.
Cadiz
Madeira, Funchal. . • .
Algiers
Canaries, Santa Cruz.
Cairo
Latiluilr
pi-r.iture of
j several
4S°.12'
48 .1
60 .40
52 .11
50 .52
55 .42
51 .54
49 .1.3
48 .50
43 .7
43 .2t
47 .13
44 .50
43 .36
43 .46
43 .42
43 .17
43 .07
43 .33
44 .25
43 .43
41 .53
40 .54
37 .47
36 .32
32 .37
36 .48
28 .28
30 .02
40°. 28'
50 .24*
61 .00
52 .10
51 .SO
51 .11
67 .00
48 .25
51 .58
53 .06
51 .08
54 .95
55 .00
65 .62t
66 .48
57 .60
58 .20
69 .00
59 .48
59 .50t
69 .90
60 .00«
60 .37
60 .60
60 .40
61 .40
62 .40
02 .88
64 .56
69 .98
70 .94
72 .32
I temperature of different seasons.
IVinler.
34°.70
40 .44
40 .31
40 .43
44 .03
42 .14
40 .11
39 .02
43 .90
43 .82
.38 .66
41 .79
40 .50
42 .23
42 .08
44 .20
42 .60
44 .30
47 .82
45 .50
43 .30
46 .30
44 .57
46 .03
45 .86
48 .50
57 .83
52 .90
59 .60
61 .52
64 .65
58 .46
Spring.
47°.66
47 .63
49 .00
50 .66
49 .63
29 .26
45 .77
46 .66
49 .43
60 .97
49 .28
54 .96
54 .10
53 .10
66 .46
63 .33
57 .13
56 .00
56 .23
57 .56
53 .70
67 .60
58 .60
57 .20
57 .74
68 .60
61 .17
r 59 .63
62 .20
65 .66
68 .87
73 .58
Summer. JttUumn
64°.94
62 .00
63 .09
63 .83
60 .70
60 .28
60 .45
58 .02
61 .26
62 .84
64 .58
67 .41
70 .80
70 .73
70 .88
71 .30
74 .66
74 .00
72 .20
72 .50
74 .30
74 .10
74 .03
75 .15
75 .20
70 .83
68 .33
70 .43
69 .33
80 .24
76 .68
85 .10
50°.00
50 .88
61 .63
63 .50
63 .36
62 .76
51 .00
48 .59
61 .73
64 .63
61 .44
55 .64
57 .10
56 .41
56 ..30
61 .30
69 .00
60 .70
61 .03
60 .08
59 .00
62 .00
62 .94
62 .80
62 .78
64 .50
62 .33
65 .35
67 .23
72 .50
74 .17
71 .42
Mean temperature of
60°.56
65 .30
70 .52
73 .04
77 .00
82 .76
85 .82
34°.16
36 .14
39 .02
41 .00
42 .26
60 .08
66 .12
Loiiiloii, Lat 51° .:«)'. Mi-aii temp. 50° ..36.
HerpiKiiaii, M<;aii totiip. 5!l° .54.
Nismes, Mean temp. V.0° .211.
Environs of London. Mean temp. 48° .81.
Jjjons, Mean lemp. 55° .7().
In the United States, the most favourable re-
gion for the plitliisical invalid is that of Florida,
— especially of Pensacola. St. Augustine is fre-
quently chosen, but it is liable to north-east
storms, which interfere with the out-door move-
ments of the valetudinarian, and are the source
of much disconjfort. Still, great benefit has often
been derived from it as a winter retreat. Of the
Atlantic Isles, Madeira appears to be best adapted
for the consumptive, and those affected with
chronic bronchitis. In Italy, Rome, and Pisa, —
and in England, Torquay and Undercliff, are to
be preferred. Chronic rheumatism ami gout are
benefited by a warm climate, which, again, is un-
favourable to those who are predisposed to cere-
bral diseases, especially to such as are charac-
terized by debility and mobility of the nervous
system — as paralysis, epilepsy, mania, Ac. Hypo-
chondriasis and dyspepsia require rather change
of climate and travelling e.\ercise than a sojourn
in any one. (See the Author's Human Health,
Philad., ]84t).
For the mortality of different countries and
cities, see Mortalitv.
CLI.M .ATE RIC," Climacteric.
CLI'.MATIC, C/ii»ot'iciin, C'll'mafal. Belong-
ing to, or dependent upon climate.
Climatic Diskasi:s, Morbi dimat'ici, are such
as are caused by climate.
CLIM.ATOL'OGY, CUmntolo(,"in. (F.) CUmn-
tologie, from ic/\i/i(i, 'a region,' and )ioyof, 'a dis-
course.' A treatise on climates, their effects on
organized bodies. Ae.. Ac.
CEIMIiER.AVOODY.Arapelopsisquinquefolia.
CLI.XI':. ail";, -a bed.' Hence:
CLINLVTEK, Clinical physician.
CLI^■1ATKIA, Cliuical medicine.
CLINIATRUS, Clinical physician.
CLINIC, see Clinique.
CLINICA, Clinical medicine.
CLIN'ICAL, Clin'icHs, (F.) Clinique, from
K\tvi], 'a bed.' Relating to a bed.
Clinjcal Lecturk, (F.) Leron Clinique. One
given at the bed-side, or on a particular case or
cases.
Clinical Med'icine, Cliuiatri'a,Cliii'icn,Cfiu'-
ice, (F. ) J/eciecitie clinique. That which is occu-
pied with the investigation of diseases at the
bed-side, or individually.
Clinical Physician, Clitn'a'ter, Cliuin'trns,
(F.) Cliiiicien. One who practices or teaches
clinical medicine.
CLINICE, Clinical medicine.
CLINICIEN, Clinical physician.
CLINICUM, Clinique.
CLINIQUE (F.), Clinical. Clinique,Clin'icuw,
is also used substantively for Ecuh Clinique or
Clinical School: a school in which medicine i.s
taught by examining diseases on the patients
themselves, at the bed-side, as it were. Thus,
the French say, — "La Clinique de la Charitc."
" The Clinical School of the Hospital La Charite."
The term has been introduced into this country,
and anglicised Clinic.
CLINO-CEPHA'LIA, Klino-cepha'lia, from
icXiv»;, ' a bed,' and Kc(pa\t], 'head.-' Monstrosity
in which the head is unusually flattened, owing
to synostosis of the parietal and sphenoid bone.-.
CLINODES, Clinoid.
CLINOID, Clinoi'cles, Clino'de.1. CUnni'Heui,
from k\ivti, 'a bed,' and tdoi, 'form.' Resem-
bling a bed.
Clinoid Proc"esses, (F.) Apophyses clininden,
are four processes at the upper surface of the
CLINOIDEUS
216
CLYSTER
sphenoid bone, which have been compnred to the
posts of a bed. On them the pituitary gland
rests. Tliey are divided into anterior and poste-
rior. Each of the anterior terminates in a point
called Transverse Spinous Process.
CLINOIDEUS, Clinoid.
CLINOPODIA, Thymus mastichina.
CLIXOPODIUM ARVENSE, C. vulgare — c.
Iiicanum, Pycnanthemum incanum — c. Majus, C.
vulgare.
Clinopo'dium Vulga're, from kXivv, 'a bed,'
and nous, noios, 'foot,' so called from the shape
of its flowers, Clinopodinm arven'se seu majns,
Oc"yinHm sijlces'tre, Melis'sa clinopo'dium, T/ii/-
tfiHS Mijlvat'icus, Wild Basil, (F.) Grand Basilic
nauvai/e. A European plant, Ord. Labiatae, which
was formerly considered to be an antidote to the
bites of venomous animals, to facilitate labour,
relieve strangury, stop diarrhoea, <fec.
CLIQ UE TIS, Crepitation — c. iletallique,
Tintenient metalliqne.
CLISEOM'ETER, Clisiom'eter, (P.) Kliseomi-
tre, from KXian, ' inclination,' and fxtrpov, ' a mea-
sure.' An instrument, intended to measure the
degree of inclination of the pelvis and to deter-
mine the relation between the axis of the pelvis
and that of the body. — Osiander, Stein.
CLITBUR, Arctium lappa.
CLITIIE, Arctium lappa.
CLITIIEREN, (Galium aparine.
CLITORICARCINO'MA, from K\uTopis, 'clito-
ris,'and Ka^jKivoyjia, 'cancer.' Cancerof the clitoris.
CLITORIDES INFERIORES LATI ET
PLANI MUSCULI, Constrietores cunni.
CLIT'ORIS, from xXriTiiip, 'a servant who in-
vites guests' [?]. Clei'loris, Cie'toris, Cleithoris,
Oleitor'ion, Cleithorion, Dulce'do Amor' is, Venus,
Jfi/rton, Mnrton, Murium, CEstrum, CEetrus, Coles
fe.niina' mm. Penis mulie'bris seu femineus, 3fen'-
tnla mulie'bris, 3fembrum mulie'bre, Superla'bia,
Cerco'sis, Hypoder'mis, Nymphn, Nymplie, Epi-
der'rhis, Libi'dinis Sedes, Tunic'ula, Crista. A
small, round organ, s.ituate at the upper part of
the vulva., and separated by a small space from
the anterior commissure of the labia. Its base is
surrounded by a slight fold, similar to thte pre-
l)uce ; and it is, internally, of the same structure
as the corpora cavernosa penis. The artery of
the clitoris, (F.) A. Clitorienne ou Clitoridienne,
is a branch of the internal pudic. The vein com-
municates with the internal pudic, and the nerve
with the pudic.
CLIT'ORISM, Clitoris'mus. The abuse made
of the clitoris. Also, an unusually large clitoris,
Cerco'sis extern' a seu Clitor'idis.Caudu'tio, Cauda.
CLITORI'TIS, Clitoriii'tis, from kXutoph,
' clitoris,' and itis, ' denoting inflammation.' In-
flammation of the clitoris.
CLITORITITIS, Clitoritis.
CLITORIUM, Vulva.
CLIVER, Galium aparine.
CLIVUS BLUMENBACH'II. An inclining
surface behind the dorsum ephippii of the sphe-
noid bone, which is continuous with the basilar
process of the occipital bone.
CLOA'CA, (F.) Cloaque, akin to k\v?,o>, 'I
wash' [?]. The pouch at the extremity of the
intestinal canal, in which the solid and liquid
excretions are commingled in birds, fish and rep-
tiles. In the male, it gives exit to the excre-
ments, sperm and urine : in the female, to the
eggs, fa3cal matters, and urine.
CLOANX, Orpiment.
CLOAQUE, Cloaca.
CLOCHE (F.). A popular expression in
France for a blister or other vesicle.
CLO I SO N, Septum — c. des Fosses nasales,
Septum narium — c. Transparente, Septum lu-
cidum.
CLOISONNEMENT, see Generation. Also,
the division of a hollow organ — as the bladder,
vagina, and uterus, into two portions by a scp-
turn, — a malformation — anovialie par cloisonne-
men t.
CLONIC, Clon'icns, from kKovo?, 'agitation,'
'motion.' (F.) Clonique. Irregular convulsive
motions.' Convulsion with alternate relaxation;
in contradistinction to ionic, which signifies a
constant rigidity ; — Clonus, Clon'ici partia'lei.
Clonic Spasm, see Spasm.
CLONICI UNIVERSALES, Synclonus.
CLONIQUE, Clonic.
CLONIS, Sacrum.
CLONISM, 67ohis'ot««/ same etymon. Clonic
spasm. — Baumes.
CLONO'DES, from k\ovo;, 'agitation,' and
£1^05, ' resemblance.' Convulsive. Galen applies
this term to the pulse, when convulsive, as it
were, and unequal. He compares the sensation
it communicates to the finger to that produced
by a bundle of sticks or of rods in vibration.
CLONOS EPILEPSIA, Epilepsy— c. Hydro-
phobia. Hydrophobia.
CLONUS, Synclonus — c. Nictitatio, Nictation
— c Palpitatio, Palpitation — c. Pandiculatio, Pan-
diculation^— c. Pandiculatio maxillarura. Yawning
— c. Singultus, Singultus — c. Sternutatio, Sneez-
ing— c. Subsultus, Subsultus tendinum.
CLOPEMANIA, Kleptomania.
CLOPORTES ORDINATRES, Onisci aselli.
CLOSE-STOOL, Lasanum.
CLOT, Coagulum— c. of Blood, see Blood.
CLOTBUR, Xanthium.
CLOTHING, Vestitus.
CLOTTY, Grumo'sus, (F.) Grumeleux. Com-
posed of clots.
CLOU, Clavus, Furuneulus — c. de Girofle, see
Eugenia, caryophyllata — c. Hysterique, ClaTiia
hystericus — c. dc I'Qiil, Clavus oculi — c. de Seiijle^
Ergot.
CLOUDBERRIES, Rubus chamaemorus.
CLOUDBERRY TREE, Rubus chamaiuiorus.
CLOVE, see Eugenia caryophyllata — o. Bark,
see Myrtus caryophyllata — c. Pink, Dianlhua
caryophyllus — c. July flower, Dianthus caryo-
phyllus. •'
CLOVE-TONGUE, Helleborua niger.
CLUBFEET, Kyllosis.
CLUBMOSS, Lycopodium — e. Common, Ly-
copodium complanatum — c. Fir, Lycopodium
selago — c. Upright, Lycopodium selago.
CLUNES, Nates.
CLUNE'SIA, from Clnnes, 'the nates.' Proc-
tal'yia, Procti'tis. An inflammation of the but-
tocks.— Vogel.
CLUNIS, Sacrum.
CLUPEA THRYSSA. The Yellow-hilhd
Sprat; a very poisonous fish of the West Indies.
CLUTIA ELUTERIA, Croton cascarilla.
CLYDON, Flatulence.
CLYPEALIS (Cartilago.) Thyroid cartilage,
CLYSANTLIUM, Syringe, Clyster.
CLYSIS, Cli/smus. Same etymon as clyster.
The application of a clyster. AVashing out by
means of a clyster.
CLYSMA, Clysis, Clyster, Enema — c. Toni-
cum. Enema foefidura.
CLYSMA'TION, same etymon as clyster. A
diminutive of clysma. A small clyster.
CLYSMUS, Clysis, Enema.
CLYSOIR ou CLYSOIRE (¥.). An appa-
ratus for administering enemata, consisting of »
long funnel-shaped tube of elastic gum, furnished
with a pipe at the apex. An instrument, similar
to this, with a syringe attached, is called a Oij-
topompe.
CLYSOPOMPE, Chjsoir, Syringe.
CLYSTER, Clyste'rium, Clysma, Enclyt'mO)
C LYSTERE
217
COCCI GRANUM
Cfy»mui, En'ema, Lavamen' turn, KKvarrip, from
K\\>(,tiv, 'to wash.' (F.) Clijitlre, Lavement,
Jtenihle. A li(iuid, thrown into the large intes-
tines by means of a syringe, or bladder and pipe
properly iireparcd, Ac. ; the nozzle of the syringe
or pi])c being introduced into the anus. See
Enema.
Clystkr of Aloes, Enema aloes — c. Anodyne,
Enema anodynum — c. of Assafoetida, Enema as-
gafcjetida — e. Cathartic, Enema catharticum — c.
of Culocynth, Enema colocynthidis — c. Com-
mon, Enema commune — c. Domestic, Enema
commune — c. Fetid, Enema foetidum — c. Pipe,
Elasma — c. Purging, Enema catharticum — c.
Starch and ojjium. Enema anodynum — c. Tobac-
co, Enema taliaci — c. Turpentine, Enema tere-
binthinic — c. Uterinus, Sparallium.
CLYSTERE, Enema.
CNEME, Leg, Tibia.
CNEMODACTYLiEUS, Extensor communis
digitorum pedis.
CNEMOLORDO'SIS, from Kvrjur,, 'the leg.'
and Aopiwffis, ' the state of being bent forward.'
Bending of the leg forward.
CNEMOSCOLIO'SIS, from kwixy,, 'leg,' and
o-KiAiuffij, ' bending,' especially sideways. Bend-
ing of the leg sideways. The state of being how-
l'':i<jcr{, or baiiili/-le</r/ed, (Prov.) Scrog-legged,
tlidckle-lmmmed, (L.) Vulqus.
CNEORON, Daphne gnidium.
CNEOKUM TRICOC'CUM, Almeze'rion, Ac-
lifs't(js, Chnuiwh'ri, Widow-nmil, Spurge-Olive,
(F.) Cnmelee. This plant, Ord. TerebinthacciB,
a native of Southern Europe, contains a very ir-
ritating, acrid principle. The ancients employed
itj leaves as a powerful purgative. It is now
suiniitimes used for deterging ulcers.
CNESIS, Cnesmos, Cniamos. A painful itching.
— Galen.
CNKSMA, Itching.
CNESMOS, Cnesis, Itching, Prurigo.
CNICELiE'UM, from kviko^, ' cnrthamus,' and
t\atov, 'oil.' Oil of carthamus. — Dioscorides.
CNICUS, Carthamus tinctorius — c. Sylvestris,
Centaurea benedicta.
CNIDELyE'ON, Ciiklelce'um, from KviSen,
'cnidiim,' and c\aiov, 'oil.' Oil made from the
grana cnidia or mezereon berries. — Dioscorides.
CNID'IA GRANA, Cnidii Cocci, Coccof/nid'ia,
jJ'Jtu'lioii, Ooccum. The berries of the Daphne
gnidium. — Foesius.
CNIDIUM SILAUS, Peucedanum silaus — c.
Tenuifoliuin, Sison ammi.
CNIDO'SIS. A pungent itching, compared to
that produced by the Urtica urena or Nettle.
[Kvil^n.) — Ilippoc. Urticaria; urticatio.
CNIP'OTES, Pniri'tiis. Itching. The dry
ophthalmia, Xerophthnl'min.
CNISMOREGMIA, Pyrosis.
CNISMOS, Cnesmos.
CNISSA. see Nidorous.
CNISSOREG'MIA, from KvtiT<Ta, 'the smell of
burnt fat,' and upcyu), 'I put forth;' Jiuctus nido-
tii'mts. A nidorous eructation, as of rotten
eggs.
C.VYMA, Kvvita. A slight itching. Also, a
puncture or vellication. — Galen.
COACTUS, see Curds.
COACUM. Phytolacca decandra.
COAOMENTATIO. Gomphosis.
COAGULABLE LYMPH, Fibrin, Liquor san-
guinis.
COAG'ULANTS, Congulan'tia, from coagti-
Inre, — itself from co and agere, 'to act together,'
or from cogo, ' to drive or bring together.' Reme-
dies, or poisons, supposed to possess the power
of coagulating the blood, or to give consistency
t.i animal Huids. The word and the absurd no-
tions couuccted with it are equally abandoned.
COAGULA'TION, Coagida'tio, Thrombo'ttt,
The conversion of a liquid into a more or less
soft and tremulous mass. Many animal and
vegetable fluids are capable of coagulation.
COAGULATUS, see Curds.
COAG'ULUM, Gntmi,s,{F.) Caillot, Grumeau,
('a small clot.') A soft mass formed in a coagu-
lable liquid. The Clot of the Blood is particu-
larly so called — the Crnor, In'sidci, Plnceti'ta,
Hepar San'guiiiia, Craasanien'titm, Sa)tgiiia con-
cre'tiia ; — the red mass, composed of fibrin, serum,
and colouring matter, which separates wh^n the
blood is left to itself. See Blood. The word is
also applied, in pathology, to the sanguineous
concretions, which form in different natural and
accidental cavities; and which, when they occur
at the mouth of a divided artery, sometimes sus-
pend the flow of blood. This is, indeed, one of
the means by which hemorrhage is arrested.
Coag'ulum Alu'minis, Coag'ulum Aliimino'-
anm, Catoplna'rna alu'miuia, Alum curd or cata-
pUiam. This is made by beating the white of
egg with a little alum, until a coagulum is formed.
It is applied in cases of ophthalmia, where an
astringent is necessary.
COALES'CENCE, Coalesccn'tia, CoaWio
par'tinm, from conlescere, ' to run together,'
{co, and alere, 'to nourish,') Sym'phyais, Pros'-
phyaia. The adhesion or union of parts pre-
viously separated, as in case of wounds and pre-
ternatural adhesions or malformations. See
Monster.
COALFISH, see Oleum jecoris aselli.
COALITIO, Coalition, Symphysis,
CoAiJTio Partium, Coalescence.
COALIT"ION, Coa/ifio. The same etymon
as coalescence. It has been used in the same
cases; as well as to express the action of several
parts of the frame, which have the same nu-
trition.
COALITUS, Symphysis.
COALTER'NJ; FEBRES. a name given to
two intermittents, which attack a person at the
same time, but whose paroxysms are distinct: so
that the attack of one supervenes when the other
has ceased. The term Double Intermittent ex-
presses the same meaning.
COAPTA'TION, Coapta'tio, from co, and
aptare, ' to adjust,' 'adapt;' Parago'ge. The act
of adapting the two extremities of a fractured
bone to each other; or of restoring a luxated
bone to its place. Coaptation must be effected
gently. Usually, extension and counter-exten-
sion are, in the first place, necessary.
COARTICULATIO, Diarthrosis, Synarthrosis.
COARCTATIO, Arctatio, Coarctation, Stric-
ture— c. Ventriculi, Stricture of the Stomach.
COARCTA'TION, Coarcta'tio, from coarctare,
' to straiten.' Stricture. Avicenna speaks of
Coarctation of the Pulse.
COARCr'OTOMIE, Coarctotom'ia, a hybrid
term, from coarctare, ' to narrow,' and TOfir], ' in-
cision.' Urethrotomy, when limited to the simple
division of a stricture.
COAT, see Enduit — c. Buffy, Corium phlogis-
ticum.
COATED, see Enduit.
COBALT, PROTOXIDE OF, Smalt
COBHAM, MINERAL WATERS OF. Cob-
ham is seven miles from Kingston, in Surrey,
England. The waters are weak saline purgatives.
COBRA DI CAPELLO, Crotalus horridus.
COBWEB, AranejB tola.
COC.\SII, Erigeron Philadelphicum.
COCCA'RIUM. A very small pill.
COCCHIA, Cochia.
COCCI GRANUM, Kermes— c. Orientals, seo
Menispermum cocculus.
COCCIGIO-CUTANt
218
COCHLEARIS
COCCIGIO-CUTANE SPHINCTER,S^h\nc-
ter ani externus.
COCCINELLA, diminutive of kokko^, coccus,
'a berry' which it resembles. Coccus cncti.
Coccinel'la Septkmpuncta'ta, Ladi/ -bird,
Lndy-cow, Lady-htig, Coto-lady, Cushy-cow-lady,
(Prov.) Fly-gotdiitg, Golden-bug, Goldeii-knop.
This insect, bruised upon an aching tooth, has
long been regarded as auti-odontalgic,
COC'OION, KOKKiov. A weight, mentioned by
Myrepsus ; the same as the siliqua.
COCCIONELLA, Coccus cacti.
COCCOBALSAiMUM, see Amyris opobalsa-
mum.
COCCOGNIDIA, Cnidia grana.
COCCOLOBA UVIFERA, see Kino.
COCCONES, see Punica granatum.
COCCUL.?; OFFICINARUM, see Menispcr-
mum cocculus.
COCCULUS CRISPUS, Menisperraum tuber-
culatum— c. Indi aromaticus, see Myrtus pimenta
— c. Indicus, see Menispermum cocculus — c. Pal-
matus, Columba — c. Suberosus, Menispermum
cocculus.
COCCUM, Cnidia grana, Kermes — c. Baphi-
cura, Kermes — c. Infectorium, Kermes — c. Scar-
latinum, Kermes — c. Tinctorum, Kermes.
COCCUS, (kokkos, 'a berry,') Coccus cacti — c.
Americanus, Coccus cacti.
Coccus Cacti. The systematic name of the
Coch'inenl Insect, Coccinel'lo, Cochhiil'la, Voccio-
liel'la, Coccinil'la , Ficiis Li'dicB grana, Coccus
Polon'icHS seu America'nus seu fn'diciis Tincto'-
rins, Scarabas'olus liemisplia'ricus, Cochinelif'era
cochinil'la. Coccus America'nus, Cochinelle, Coc-
cus; the Coch'ineal Animal, (F.) Cochenille,
Graine d'Ecarlate. Class, Insecta. Order, He-
niiptera. The cochineal insects have a faint,
heavy odour; their taste is acrid, bitterish, and
astringent; colour blackish-red externally, —
purple-red within. They are used chiefly for
giving a red colour to tinctures, &o. They were,
at one time, esteemed astringent, stimulant, diu-
retic, and anodyne.
Coccus Ilicis, Kermes — c. Indicus tinctorius,
Coccus cacti — c. Indicus, see Menispermum coc-
culus— c. Polonicus, Coccus cacti.
COCCYCEPH'ALUS, Coccy'go-ceph'alus, (F.)
Coccycephale, from coccyx and xKpaXn, ' the head.'
A monster whose head has the shape of the os
coccygis.
COCCYGEAL, Coccygeus — c. Nerve, see Sa-
cral Nerves.
COCCYGE'US, Coccyge'al, (F.) Coccijgien,
from KOKKv^, because it is inserted into the coccyx ;
Ischio-Coccygeus, (P.) Ischio-coccygien. Belong-
ing both to the ischium and coccyx. The muscle
Ischio-coceygeus, Leva'tor Coccy'gis, Triangula'ris
Coccy'yis. It arises from the spinous process of
the ischium, and is inserted into the extremity of
the sacrum; and into nearly the whole length of
the OS coccygis laterally. It retains the coccyx
in place, and prevents it from being forced back-
wards during the evacuation of the faeces.
COCCYGIO-ANAL, Sphincter ani externus.
COCCYOIO-CUTANJE SPHINCTER,
Sphincter ani externus.
COCCYGOCEPHALUS, Coccycephalus.
COCCYMELEA, Prunus domestica.
COCCYX, 'a cuckoo,' whose bill it is said to
resemble; Os Coccy'gis seu Al'<igas, Cauda, Ossis
eacri acu'men, Pump or Crupper Bone, Cu'culus,
Uropyg'ion, Spon'dylis, Spoiidyl'lum. An assem-
blage of small bones, attached to the lower part
of the sacrum ; the curvature of which it pro-
longs, and of which it seems to be an appendage.
Generally, it consists of four bones. Behind the
base of the coccyx are two ."small tubercular emi.
nences. These are called Cornua of the Coccyx,
corn KM A 11, Incubus.
COVlli:\ILLE, Coctus cacti.
COCIIEHIA, Cochia.
C 0 C II I A, Cocchia, Coche'ria, from kokko^,
' berry,' ' seed,' or from )co;:^i)ui, ' to tiow profut^d^.'
An ancient name for several officinal purgative
pills ; thus called, cither because they produced
copious evacuations, or were shaped like a seed.
COCHIN LEG, see Elephantiasis.
COCHINEAL, Coccus cacti.
COCHINELIFERA COCHINILLA, Coccus
cacti.
COCHINILLA, Coccus cacti.
COCU'LEA. A Snail's sliell, (F.) Lima<:n,,,
Coquille, Cochlee. Anatomists have given tljis
name to the most anterior of the three cavities,
which constitute the labyrinth of the ear, the
Pelvis Au'rinin, Concha auris inter'na seu La-
byrinthi, Cav'itas cochlea'ta seu buccina'ta, Aii-
trum buccino'sum, 'J'roch'lea labyrlnth'i :. — and
that of ScaloB of the Cochlea, {¥.) Ji'impcH dii 11-
ma(;on, to two spiral cavities in the interior of the
cochlea. One of these scalse terminates at the
Fenes'tra rotun'da, and is called Scala tyiiinmii :
the other opens at the anterior and inferior part
of the vestibule : it is called Scala vestib'uli.
Cochlea, Scalje of the, see Cochlea.
COCHLEAR, Cochlea' ris, (F.) Cochtenire,
Cochlearien. Relating or appertaining to the
cochlea.
Cochlear, Cochleare — c. Auriculare, Ear-pick
— c. Nerve, see Auditory Nerve.
COCHLEA'RE, Coch'lear, Cochlaa'rium, from
cochlea ; its bowl resembling a shell. A spoonful,
(F.) Cuilleree ; abbreviated in prescriptions usu-
ally to each. See Abbreviation. Also, a sconp.
Cochlea're Magnum, a tablespooufni ; U. Jle'-
dium, a dessert or pap-spoonful ; and C. Jliii'i-
mum, a teaspoonful.
COCHLEA'RIA, from cochleare, 'a spoon,' so
called from its resemblance. C. officinalis.
Cochlea'ria Ahmoua'ciA, Jiaph'anns ruKti-
cn'nus seu mari'nus seu sylves'tris seu mayiia,
Armora'cia, A. sati'va seu rustica'na, Horse-
radish; (Sc.) Potcoll. Fam., Cruciferss. Sex.
Syst. TetradynamiaSiliculosa. (F.) llnifortauu-
vage, Cran, Cran de Hretagne, Cranson, Mofitartle
des Moines ou dcs Allemauds, Pad is de clievol.
The root of horseradish is frequently used at
table; and has long been in the Materia Wedicii.
It is stimulant and diuretic. Externally, it is
rubefacient.
Cochlea'ria Coron'opus, Coron'opus, Coron'-
op\is Eucl'iii seu deprcs'sus seu vult/a'ris, Le-
pid'ium squoma'tum, Senebie'ra coron'opus, Wild
Scurvy Grass, Swine's Cress, (F.) Come de Cerf.
This European plant is considered to be diuretic
and antiscorbutic. The term Coron'opus was
given, by the ancients, to various plants.
Cochlearia Hortensis, Cochlearia officinalii!.
Cochlea'ria Officina'lis, Cochlearia, C. hor-
ten'sis sen pyrena' tea seu vulga'ris. Lemon Scurry
Grass, Common Scurvy Grass, (Sc.) Scrubie-gruin,
(Prov.) Scrooby.yrass, (F.) Crauson, Herbs iii'jc
cuillers. It has been considered a powerful anti-
scorbutic. It is sometimes eaten in sala<l.
Cochlearia Pyrenaica, C. officinalis— c. Vul-
garis, C. officinalis.
COCHLEARIFOR'MIS, from cochleare,
'a. spoon,' and forma, 'shape ;' (F.) Jlec de Cnilhr.
CoCHLEAniFORMis pROCEs'sus, Cochlear' i/nriii
process. A small, very thin plate, which sei>ii-
rates the bony portion of the Eustachian tuhe
from the canal for the passage of the tensor tjm-
pani.
COCIILEA'RIS. A gelatinous looking tissue,
seen on opening the cochlea, by which the mem-
COCIILEARIUM
21 9
CCELIAC
lirnnons zone is connected, at its outer or convex
niar;^in, with the outer wall. It is supposed by
Todd and IJowmnn to be muscular; and to have
a preservative office, being placed to defend the
cochlear nerves from undue vibrations of sound,
in a way analogous to that in which the iris pro-
tect? the retina from excessive light.
COCIILEARIUM, Cochleare.
COCIIO'NE, Kox<^v>,. The junction of the
isx;hium, near the sciit or breech. — Focsius. The
breech proper, from the hip-booes to the anus.
The perinicuin. The coccyx.
COCIL'IO. A weight of eleven ounces.
COOK-EYE, see Lnseitas.
COCK-(!RASS. Loliuin temulentum.
COrivLH, COKN. Lychnis gilhago.
COCKF/E-BUR, Agrimony, Xanthium.
COCKLES, INDIAN, see Menispermum coc-
culus.
COCKMTNT, Tanacctura balsamita.
COCKSPUR. Ergot— c. Rye, Ergot.
COCKUP HAT, Slillingia.
COCKYBABY, Arum uuiculatum.
COCLES, Boryne.
COCO, Coeos nucifera.
Coco OP THi: Maf-dives', Cocos de Maldi'vd.
The fruit of a palm, called Lndo'ice'a by Com-
uiorson. It was formerly termed, in the shops,
iVii.r Mid'icn, and enjoyed great reputation.
COCOA, Cacao, Cocos nucifera.
COCOA CACAVIFERA. Cacao.
COCOBAY, Mai de San Lazaro.
COCO-OLEIN, see Cocos nucifera.
COCOS BUTYRA'CEA. The name of the
plant which affords the p<ihn oil, O'Icum pal'ma,
obtained chiefly from the fruit, by bruising and
mixing the kernels with water, without the aid
of heat, by which the oil is separated and rises
to khe surface. It is of the consistence of an
ointment, with little taste, and a strong, though
not disagreeable, smell. It is applied to sprains,
Ac. ; but has no advantages over other oils. It has
been used as the excipicntfor suppositories, and
has been called, also, O'Icum PnliiicB sejxi'ceuin,
0. Jijc'iim uiiciim cocos h\itijrn'cc<B and Marhnw
flit. It is procured likewise from the EUt'is
Gidneeu'sis, and Ela'is Occidenta'lis, two species
of palms. Cocos is said to be contracted from
(P.) miicocn or mticdio, 'a monkey,' the tliree
holes at the end of the cocoa-nut shell causing
it to resemble somewhat a monkey's head.
Cocos Nucif'kra, Palina cocos, (P.) Cocotier.
Order, Palmar. The systematic name of the
plant whose fruit is the cocoa-nut. (F.) Coco.
It is an agreeable kernel, but not easy of diges-
tion. Kmnlsionii, or<je(it, <tc., are made from it.
The juice of the cocoa. Toddy, when fermented,
forms wine, and arrack is distilled from it. The
expressed oil — Coco-oleiu — has been found almost
as efficacious as cod-liver oil in tuberculosis.
COCOTE. Influenza.
COCOriEli, Cocos nucifera.
COCOWORT, Thlaspi bursa.
COCTIO. Coction. Digestion — c. Ciborum, Di-
gestion— c. Morbi, Coction.
COCTION, Coc'ti'o, Pepsis, Pepan'sis, Pepas'-
mos, Si/i)ii>ep'sia, Voucoc'tion, from coquere, coc-
tiim, 'to boil.' This word has been employed in
various senses. 1, With the ancients, coction
meant the particular kind of alteration which the
food experiences in the digestive organs, particu-
larly in the .«toniach. It meant a preparation
from its crude state. 2. It expressed the mnlu-
rntion or chanse, which the humoral pathologists
believed morbific matter experiences before elimi-
nation. It was considered, that coction, Coe'tio
morbi, was produced during the violence of the
disease; and hence this was called Ihe Period of
Coction. See lluuiorism.
COC'YTA, (F.) Oocyte, from kuikvtos, 'lamen-
tation.' The pain cjiused by the introduction of
poison under the skin. — Linnaeus.
COD, or CODS, Scrotum.
COD-OfL, Oleum jecoris aselli.
COD-LIVER OIL, Oleum jecoris aselli — c.
Olein, see Oleum jecoris aselli.
CODAGAPALA BARK, Nerium antidysente-
ricum.
CODE, Codex.
CODEIA, Codeine.
COD'EINE. Code'i'a, Codei'nnm,Papnveri'nuin,
from KuSia, 'a poppy head.' An alkaloid disco-
vered by Robiquet in opium, in 1832. It is
soluble in water, alcohol and ether, and unites
readily with acids. As a hypnotic, Magendie
thinks one grain of codeia equal to half a grain
of morphia. The muriate of codeia appears to
be stronger than the pure codeia.
CODE.-^ELLA, Anthrax.
CODEX. A collection of laws. (F.) Code.
By extension, a collection of approved medical
formulae, with the processes necessary for form-
ing the compounds referred to in it. The Pari-
sian Pharmacopoeia is styled Codex medicamen-
ta'rius.
CoDEX Medicamentarius, Pharmac9poeia, see
Codex.
CODIA, Papaver (capsule.)
CODOCELE. Bubo.
CODOSCELLA, Bubo.
C(ECAL, Cseeal.
CCECITAS. Ciecitas.
CffiCUM, Cacum.
COEFFE, Caul.
Cffi'LIA, Kot\ta, KoiXr], 'a hollow place.' This
word generally meant a cavity in the body : — the
abdomen, in particular. It has also been used
for the alimentary canal, <fcc. : — avta xotXia, 'the
stomach,' kutu koiXiu, ' the abdomen.' Also, aa
alvine evacuation ; excrement.
CQiI'LIAC, Ccc'liacus, O'astrocoe'liacut, Gaetro-
cce'licus, (F.) Coeliaque ou Celiaque, from KoiXta,
' the cavity of the abdomen.' Relating to the
cavity of the abdomen.
C(EL1AC AnTEuy, Arte'ria Coe'liaca, Cwliao
axis, Artere ojiistoijiistrique, (Ch.) A. Coelinque,
Tronc caUnqne, Trepied de la cceliaque, is situate
above the pancreas, and behind the upper i)art
of the stomach. It arises from the anterior part
of the abdominal aorta, where it passes between
the pillars of the diaphragm, and soon divides
into the coronaria ventriculi, hepatic, and splenic
arteries.
CcELlAC Flux, Coeliac Passion, Caeliaca cliylo'-
sa, Diarrhoe'a chylo'sa seu chymo'sa, Fluxus chy-
lo'sns seu caeliocus, Passio coeliaca seu Ventricu-
lo'sa, Chymoche.'zia, Fluor alius intestino'rum,
Chylorrlne'a, C/iyniorrfne'a, Cccliaca lac'tea. Mor-
bus coeliacus, Chylodiarrhoe'a, Galiictodiarrhop'a,
Sedes lactescen'tes, Gastrorrhue'a, (F.) Flux ccell-
aque. A species of diarrhoea, in which the food
is discharged by the bowels in an undigested
condition. By some, defined to be diarrhoea at-
tended with discharges of chyle or chyme. It is,
in general, symptomatic of tubercular disease of
the mesenteric glands. See Lientery.
CcELiAC Passion, Coeliac flux.
CcELiAC Plexus, Solar Plexus, Plexus mesen-
ter'ii prn'prius et max'imus, P. gnnijlifor'mis
semilnna'ris, (F.) Plexus median ou opistogas-
triqne, (Ch.), PI. Coeliac ou snlaire. Ganglion de
Vieussens, is formed of numerous nervous fila-
ments, which proceed from the semilunar ganglia
of the great sympathetic. It is strengthened by
several branches of the right and left pneurao-
gastric nerves; is seated around the trunk of
the coeliac artery, behind the stomach, and fur-
nishes the secondary plexuses — the diaphrag-
CCELIACA
220
COHOSH
'/nat!c, coronary of the stomach, splenic and he-
patic, which accompany the arteries of the same
name.
CCE'LIACA, from koiXioko;, 'caliac' Diseases
of the digestive organs ; the 1st class in Good's
Nosology. It comprises two orders, Enterica and
Sf}lanch»ica. Also, medicines that act on the
digestive organs. — Pereira.
CcELiACA Chylosa, Ca'liac flux — c. Lactea,
Coeliac flux — c. Renalis, Chyluria — c. Urinalis,
Chvluria.
CGELIADELPH'US, from coelia, and ah\<poi,
'brother.' AnocoeliadeJph' us. A double mon-
ster, in which the two bodies are united at the
alidoinen.
CCELIyE'MIA, HypercB'mia ahdom'inis, Con-
ffen'tio cibdinninn'lis, from x-oiXia, 'abdomen,' and
'«i//a, 'blood.' Hypersemia or congestion of the
bldod-vessels of the abdomen.
CCE'LIAGRA, Gastri'tin seu Ehteri'tis seu Col'-
iea seu Diarrhoe'a arthrit' ica. Gout of the ab-
domen.
C(ELIALGIA, Tormina.
C(ELIAQUE, THE PIED BE LA, Coeliac
artery.
CCELIOCELE, see Hernia, hypogastric.
CCELIOCHYSIS, Ascites.
CCELIOCYESIS, Pregnancy, abdominal.
cq':liodynia, CoHc.
CGELIOLYSIA, Diarrhoea.
CCELION'CUS, Cwliophy' ma, from KoiXia, 'the
abdomen,' and oj/xoj, 'a tumour.' A tumour of
the abdomen.
CCELIOPHYMA, Coelioncus.
CCELIOPHY'MATA, Tnber'cula peritonei;'),
from KoiXia, 'the cavity of the abdomen,' and
(pviia, *a hard tumour.' Tubercles of the perito-
neum.
CrELIOPSOPHIA, Borborygmus.
CCELIOPYO'SIS, from KotXia, ' the abdomen,'
and KiKaaii, 'suppuration.' Suppuration of the
abdomen or its parietes.
CCELIORRHCEA, Diarrhoea.
CCELIORRHEU'MA, Rheumatis'mus ahdom'-
inis, from KotXta, 'the abdomen,' and ptvjia, ' de-
flnxion, rheumatism.' Rheumatism of the mus-
cles of the abdomen.
C(ELIOSPAS'MUS, from KoiXia, 'abdomen/
and oTTaanoi, 'spasm.' Spasm or cramp of the
aljdomen.
CCELO'MA, from xoiXof, 'hollow.' A round
uli'er of the cornea, broader and deeper than that
described under the name Bothrion.
Ca:LON, Cavity.
C(ELOPHLEBrTIS,from/co<Xo;, 'cavus,'0X£if,
diXtjSof, 'a vein,' and itis, denoting inflammation.
Inflammation of the vena cava.
C(ELOPHTHAL'MUS, from «o,Xof, 'hollow,'
and oipBaXfioi, 'eye.' One who is hollow-eyed.
C(ELOSTOM'IA, from KoiXoi, 'hollow,' and
ariifia, 'mouth.' A defect in speaking, when the
voice seems as if it came from a cavern; — that is,
obscure, and as if at a distance.
CCELOS'TOMUS, same etymon. One who has
a hollow voice.
CfELOTES, Cavity.
ClEN^ADELPH'US, from koivo^, 'common,' and
a&cXiboi, 'brother.' A double monster, the two
p(irlions having, in common, one or more organs
indispensable to life.
C(EXxESTHE'SIS, from Koivoi, 'common,' and
ut<r5j)<rij, 'feeling.' ConcBfithe'nis, (F.) Cenesthesie.
Common feeling. Some German writers mean,
by this, a sixth sense. It is the feeling of self-
existence or individuality, and is manifested by
the sense of buoyancy or depression, which we
experience without any known cause ; — by invol-
untary shuddering, feeling of chill or glow, <tc.
CCENOLOGTA, Consultation.
COi'NOTES, Koivorris, 'commonness,' from
Koivo?, 'common.' The physicians of the metho-
dic sect asserted, that all diseases arise from re-
laxutivn, stricture, or a mixture of both. These
were called Ccenotes : or what diseases have in
common.
COKTUS, Coition.
CCEUR, Heart.
COF'FEA ARAB'ICA, C. vnlga'ris, Jan'mimm
Arah'icum, (F.) Cafier, Cafeier, and Ca/Syer,
Order, Rubiaceae. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Jlono-
gynia. The plant which affords coffee, Chonva,
Bon, Buna, (F.) Cafe. Originally from Yemen.
The infusion of coffee is an agreeable and
wholesome article of diet. It is, to a certain ex-
tent, a tonic, and is employed as such in conva-
lescence, especially from fevers, Ac. In cases
of poisoning by opium, and in old asthmas, its
use has been extolled. For this purpose the
31<>ka is the best. It ought to be newly torrefied,
but not too much burnt; should be strong, and
drunk soon after grinding.
A highly azoted alkaloid was first found in oof-
fee, and called Cafein or Caffein. It was after-
wards discovered in the leaves of the tea plant,
and called Thcin, and in the Guarana of Brazil,
and called Gnaranin. In doses of from 2 to 10
grains, it induces violent nervous and vascular
excitement. Caffein — as well as its various salts
— the citrate, lactate, malate, and muriate, have
been given as an antiperiodic in grain doses.
Factitious Coffees have been, from time to time,
recommended, but they are infinitely inferior to
the genuine. Various substitutes have been pro-
posed ; wheat, barley, hollyberrics, acorns, siin-
fower seeds, beech-mast, peas, beans, succory-root,
seeds of gooseberries and currants left in making
wine, and washed, — sliced turnips, &c. These
have been roasted, with the addition of a little
butter or oil : but they have not the aroma of
coffee. The best substitute is said to be the seeds
of the Yellotc water flag, Gladiolus luteus OT Iris
psendacorus.
Hunt's CEconomical Breahfast Powder con-
sisted of rye, roasted with a little butter.
COFFEE-BEAN TREE, KENTUCKY, Gym-
nocladus Canadensis.
COFFEE-TREE, Gymnocladus Canadensis.
COFFEE, WILD, Trioeteum.
COGNASSIER, Pyrus cyd6nia.
COGNITIO PHYSIOLOGICA, Physiology
COHABITATIO, Coition.
COHABITA'TION, Cohabita'tio, from cum,
'with,' and habitare, 'to dwell.' The act of
dwelling together. In legal medicine, it means
the consummation of marriage. — Copulation.
COHE'SION, CohcBsio, from co, and hmrere,
'to stick.' Vis cohfBsio'nis seu adhasio'nis seu
attractio'nis. Force of cohe'sion, Attraction of co-
hesion or of aggrega'tion, is that force in the par-
ticles of matter, whereby they are connected in
such a way as to resist any attempt towards their
removal or separation. This force has to be at-
tended to, in the management of disease. Emol-
lients, rubbed into a part, act by diminishing the
cohesion.
COHIBENS, Epischeticus.
COHOBA'TION, Cohoba'tio, Coho'hium, Co'-
hob, Co'hoph. Distillation of a liquid — already
distilled — on the same substances. When this is
repeated three or four times, it is called liecuho'
ba'tion,
COHOL. Synonym of Alcohol. Also, a dry
colly rium. — Avicenna.
COHOSH, Actsea raeemosa, Caulophyllum
thalictroides — c. Black, Actaea raeemosa — c.
Blue, Caulophyllum thalyctroides — c. Blueberry,
COHUSH
221
COLIC
Caulophylluin thalictro'ides — c. Red, Actsea rubra
— c. Whito, Acticii nlba.
COIIUSH, Ciiulophyllum thalictroides.
COIFFK, Caul.
COKiX, see Pyrus cydonia.
COir.XASSIER, Pyrus cydonia.
COINCIDEX'TIA, from co, and incido {in, and
cndd). 'to Call or happen.' Some authors have
translated, by this term, the word paremjjto'dis,
used by Galen to desij;nate the occlusion of the
foramen opticum by a humour, proceeding from
the base of the brain, and occasioning blindness !
— Castelii.
COLV'DICANT, Coin'dicans, from co, and
indico, ' I indicate.'
CoiN'niCANT Signs are those which furnish the
same indications; or which confirm the indica-
tion afforded by another sign — avvtuouKwaeva.
CO III A, Catechu.
CO IRAS, Scrofula.
COfT, Coition.
COIT"ION, Co'ituf, Cn'ettis, from coeo, (eo,
and eo, 'to go,') 'to go together.' Oo'itiire, Cop-
uln'tlon, Copida'tio, Cojy'ula Cnrna'lia, Apfiro-
di's'ia, AphrddininHin'ns, Epip'lnce, Acces'sua, Ba-
sia'tio, Antple.rn'tio, Aiiiph.r'us, Conven'tue, Com-
plex'io, Cniiju'ijium, Aijt//utiiia'tio, Lagne'a, Lik/-
ncu'mii, Ijiitjnei'n, Mixia, Pernn's'tio, Permix'tio,
iSi/iidi/as'miii', Si/nu'aia, Conc\i'hitus, Congreii'sua,
Cohaliita'tio, Veniia, Rea Vene'rea, Concu'bitua
veiie'reiia, Pra'Uum, DueW um vene'reiim, Noc-
tnr'ntt be/la, Coitcil'i'a corpora' /in, Homil'ia, Vert'-
ery. Sexual iiiterconrae, (F.) Coit, Approche, Ac-
couplemeut. The carnal union of the sexes.
COITURE, Coitus.
COITUS, Coition — c. Difficilis, Dyssynodus — c.
Sodomiticus, Buggery.
COL, Colhun — e. de la Blatrice, Collum uteri —
C. Uterin, Collum uteri.
COLA, Articulation.
COLATIO, see Colatura.
COIiATO'RIUM, IhjUster, from colare, 'to
strain.' A strainer of any kind. (F.) Couloir.
A term by which the ancient physicians described
every canal or conduit through which the excre-
mentitious humours of the body are evacuated.
Ulcers, fistubc, setons, caustics, &c., have been
called nrtificial or accidental Colatoria, because
they were considered to be passages by which
the animal economy is freed from some morbific
matter.
COLATUM, see Colatura.
COLATU'RA, from colare, 'to strain.' Cola'-
tnm, (F.) Cohitiire. A filtered or strained liquor.
It likewise means straining a liquid, — Cola'tio,
Dil/'linia, /)/////s'm»», Hi/'liais, Hi/h'x'nnia.
COL'CIIESTER, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Aqua Colceatrcn'aia. The waters of Colchester
are of the bitter purging kind, similar to those
of Epsom.
COLClIIcrA, see Colchicum autumnale.
COL'ClirCUM, from Colchia, in Asia, where
it is said to have been common. Colchicum au-
tumnale.
Colchicum Autcmna'le, from the country
Colchis. Col'chieum, Coum, Meadow Saffron,
(P.) Colchi(/uc, Tiie-chicn, Jfort aiix chiena, Sa-
fran dea pre» ou batard, Xarcisae d'niitomne, Vlcl-
lolte. Xat. Ord. Colchicaceae. Class, Hexandria.
Order, IMonogynia. The bulb or root (Bidbtia
seu Radix sen Cormus), and the seeds, Col'chici
semen, are the parts used in medicine. The taste
is acriil, excoriating the mouth ; but the acrimony
is lost by drying. It i.s narcotic, diuretic, and
cathartic ; and has been given in dropsy, gout,
and rheumatism. Dose, gr. j to vj of the fresh
bulb. It is supposed to be the active ingredient
of the Eau medivinale d'llusson. The active
principle is called Colchie/'ia. Colchicum, in an
over-dose, is an acro-narcotic poison.
Dr. Wilaon's Tincture for the Gout is said to be
merely an infusion of Colchicum, or Cul'chicin.
Colchicum Zkylanicum, Kampferia rotunda.
COLCHIQUE, Colchicum autumnale.
COL'COTHAR, C. Vitrioli, Henri'cus nibena,
Chalci'tia, JJroicn red. Rouge, Crocus, Oxiduin
Ferri rubnun, Tritox'ydum Ferri, Sulphas Ferri
calciun'tum, Ferrum vitriola'tum iiatuin, Terra
vitri(di dulcia. Crocus martia vitriula'tua seu ad.
atrin'gena, (F.) Rouge d'Augleterre ou de Pruaee,
Safran de Mara aatringent. The red oxide of
iron, obtained by calcining sulphate of iron to
redness, with or without the contact of air. It
possesses the general properties of the prepara-
tions of iron, and has been applied to staunch
blood, Ac.
COLD, (Sax.) coltj, Frigua, Psychoa, (F.) Froid.
The sensation produced by the abstraction of
caloric from our organs, — Cheima, Chimon. See
Heat.
Three degrees of cold are generally distin-
guished in disease. 1. The simple feeling of cold
(Algor), 2. Chiliineaa {Horror), and 3. Shivering
{Rigor). Cold is employed in medicine, chiefly,
as a refrigerant and sedative.
Cold is, also, used for a morbid afifection in-
duced by cold. 'To take cold,' (F.) a'enrhumer,
is to be affected by a disease presumed to be
caused by cold. See Catarrh and Coryza.
Cold-chill, Intermittent fever.
Cold ix the Eyk, Ophthalmia, catarrhal — c.
in the Head, Coryza.
COLEITIS, Colposis.
COLEOCELE, see Hernia.
COLE(EDEMA, Elvtroedema.
COLEOPTOSIS, Prolapsus vaginse.
COLEORRIIEX'IS, from ;:^oA£Of, 'a vagina or
sheath,' and pi?|i5, 'rupture.' Laceration or rup-
ture of the vagina.
COLEOSITIS, Leueorrhoea.
COLEOSTEGXO'SIS, Colpoategno'aia, Colpos-
tenochor'ia, Colposynize'ais, from ■)(o},cos, 'a va-
gina or sheath,' and anyvwai;, ' constriction.'
Narrowness of the vagina, natural or acquired.
COLERE, R.age.
COLES, Penis — c. Feminarum, Clitoris.
COLE US, Vagina.
CO LI BERT, Cagot.
COLIC, Co'licua, from (cwXoi', 'the colon.' (F.)
Colique. Relating to the colon.
Colic Arteries, Arte'ria coUccn, (F.) Arterea
Coliques, are six in number, three of which, given
off by the auperior mesenteric, are called ColiccB
dextr(p ; and three, proceeding from the inferior
mesenteric, Colicop ainia'tra:. All proceed towards
the colon, passing between the two lamina; of the
peritoneum, which form the mesocolon, where
they ramify and anastomose with each other.
The first, Ctdicn dextra. Ramus colica dexter, is
called C. dextra superior, {Meao-colique, — Ch.)
The second, C. dextra media, Colica media. Ra-
mus colicua medius, Arteria media anaatomot'ica,
{C. droite, Ch.,) and the third, C. dextra infe'rior
or Ilco-colica, {A. ccBcale, — Ch.) Of the three
ColiccB ainiatrce, the first or auperior is called, by
Chaussier, Colica magna ainls'tra ; the second or
media is not distinguished from the preceding, as
they often arise from a common trunk; and the
third is called bj' Chaussier Colica parra sinia'.
tra. To these arteries as manj' veins correspond,
which open into the great and little mesenteric.
Colic Lobe op the Liver is the great lobe of
that organ.
Colic, Co'lica, C. Passio, Colice, Colicodyn'-
ia, C(ellodyn'ia, Bolo'res intestino'rum. Dolor
co'licus, Dysenteronerv'ia, EnteraVgia, Gripea,
Mulligrubs, Bellyache, (Sc.) Bellythra, Weam-ill,
COLICA ACCIDENTALIS
COLICA UTERINA
(Prov.) Belli/harm, Belhjwark, Gnllion. In its
etymological acceptation, Colic signifies an affec-
tion or pain in tlie colon. But it is employed in
a more extensive signification. It includes every
acute pain of the abdomen, aggravated at inter-
vals. The word has often, however, epithets
aflS.xed to it, which render it more or less precise.
See Tormina.
Colic, Bilious, Colica biliosa — c. Crapulent,
Colica crapulosa — c. Devonshire, Colica metallieu
— e. Horn, Priapismus — c. Lead, Colica metallica
— c. Madrid, Colica Madridensis — c. Menstrual,
Colica menstrualis — c. Metallic, Colica metallica
— c. Nephretic, Colica nephretica — c. Normandy,
Colica metallica — c. Painters', Colica metallica
— e. Plumbers', Colica metallica — c. of Poitou,
Colica metallica — c. of Prostitutes, Colica scor-
torum — c. Renjil, Colica nephretica — c. Saturnine,
Colica metallica — c. Root, Aletris — c. of Surinam,
Colica metallica — c. Uterine, Colica uterina — c.
Vegetable, Colica metallica — c. Weed, Dicentra
Canadensis — c. Worm, Colica vcrrainosa.
COLICA ACCIDENTALIS, Colica crapulosa
— c. Acuta, Enteritis — c. Arthritica, Coeliagra.
Co'lica BiLlo'sA, Bil'iotis Colic, (F.) Uolique
Bilieime. Colic, occasioned by an accumulation
of bile in the intestines or in its own passages.
The treatment required resembles that proper for
Colica convulsiva.
Colica Callo'sa. Colic attended with sense
of stricture in some parts of the intestinal eanal ;
often of flatulency and pain ; the flatulency gra-
dually passing off by the stricture; the bowels
tardy ; and at length discharging small liquid
stools.
Colica Convulsi'va, C. Spanmod'ica seu pi-
tuito'sa seu nervo'sa seu idinpath'icn, Entero-
eprisiii'us. Colic, not the symptom of any other
affection. It is characterized by griping pain in
the bowels, chiefly about the navel, with vomit-
ing and costivenoss — the pain increasing at in-
tervals. The indications are to clear the intes-
tines, and allay spasm. Calomel and opium —
castor oil and opium — •emollient and cathartic
enemata, with fomentations, wet or dry, to the
abdomen, usually succeed.
Colica Crapulo'sa. O. accidenta'h'8 seu hel-
luo'num, Crnp'ideiit colic, Sio-feif, Colic from over-
eatinij, (F.) Coliqiie d' Iru/ir/estioii. A colic, ari-
sing from eating indigestible aliments, or digest-
ible aliments in too great abundance. The remedy
is obvious.
Colica Damnoniorfm, Colic, metallic — c. Fe-
bricosa, Colica inflammatoria — -c. Figulorum, Co-
lica metallica.
Colica Flatulen'ta, Infa'tin, Gnstrodyn'ia
flatiden'ta, PhysospdH'mwt, Pneumoto'sis enter'-
iea, (F.) Colique Jintidoite ou Jlotnenne ou ven-
feune. Colic, arising from an accumulation of air
in the intestines. It is very common in infants,
and may be relieved by aromatics, especially
when combined with antacids — for example, oil
of aniseed with magnesia.
CoMCA Hklluonmm, Colica crapulosa.
Colica IIemorrhoida'lis, Hemorrhoid' al Co-
lic, (F.) Colique himorrho'idale. A kind of colic,
supposed to precede hemorrhoids or to supervene
on their suppression.
Colica Hepat'ica, Hepntal'gin, Hepntalgia
Ctdcido'sa, Hepat'ic colic, (F.) Colique hfpatique.
Pain in the region of the liver, chiefly about the
gall-bladder, occasioned by the passing of a
biliary calculus through the cystic and choledoch
ducts.
Colica Idiopathica, Colica convulsiva — c.
Ileus, Ileus.
Colica Inflammato'ria, C. Phloqis'tica seu
plethor'icn seu fcbrico'nn seu puhat'ilia, Injlam'-
malorij colic. The same as enteritis.
Colica Lapponica, see Seta equina — c. Loclii.
alis, Dyslochia — c. Madridensis, Colic of Madrid
— c. Nervosa, Colica convulsiva, C(dic, metallic —
c. Phlogistica, Colic-.i inflammatoria.
Colica MAORinEN'sis, Colic of Jfadrtd, Ma.
drid Colic. A species of colic, endemic in se-
veral provinces of Spain, whose nature is not
clear. Its symptoms resemble those occasioned
by lead. See Colica metallica.
Colica Misnsthua'lis, Jlfcii'stnial Colic, (F.)
Colique menjitruelle. Colic, which precedes or
accompanies the menstrual evacuation, or which
is owing to the suppression of that evacuation.
Colica Metal'lica, Metol'lic Colic, Paiiiien'
Colic, C(dic of Poitou, Colic of Surinam', Bellon,
Dev'onnhire Colic, Dry Bellyache, Dry Gripes.
Saturnine Colic, Lend Colic, Plumbers' Colic,
Rachial'qia, R. Pic'tonnm seu Pictavien'nium,
Morbus Metal'licus, Colicople'gin, Colica Kachial'-
f/ia seu Damno)iio'rnm seu Plumhario'rum sen
Pic'tonnm seu Satnrni'na seu Fignlo'rum seu
nervo'sa seu Picto'rum seu sicca, Paral'i/eis ra-
chialgia, Palmua Plumba'riua, Molybdoco'lica,
(F.) DysentSronervie Saturnine, Colique de Poi~
ton ou veyetale ou des peintres ou de plomh ou
metallique ou Saturnine ou des barhouilleurs ou
seche. Under this head is generally described
the colic produced by lead, as well as the other
colics mentioned in the synonymy; and they cer-
tainly resemble each other greatly, although
some of them are more like bilious colic. There
is not much to distinguish this variety of colic
from others. The same violent pain about the
navel is present, with retraction of the abdomen
towards the spine. It is apt also to occasion
palsy. The only difference of treatment is in
the necessity for employing more opium along
with the purgative. The paralytic sequela; must
be treated by change of air, rubbing the spine,
exercise, <fec. Treating the disease upon geneial
principles is infinitely more philosophical, and
more successful than the former empirical man-
agement at La Charite, Paris, which it is unne-
cessary to detail.
The Colic of 3Iadrid, Poitou, Devonshire, Nor-
mandy, &c., has been called vegetable colic, (F.)
Colique vegeiale, because ascribed to the use of
new wine or cider, unripe fruit, &c., although
really, perhaps, owing to the adulteration of
wines and cider by litharge. All the symptoms,
indeed, are those of Colica metallica.
Colica Nephret'ica, Nephroco'Uca, Co'lica
rena'lis, Nephret'ic or Renal Colic, (F.) Coliqne
Nephrilique. Acute pains, which accompany
nephritis, and especially calculous nephritis, or
the passage of a calculus into the ureter.
Colica Pictonum, Colica metallica — c. Picto-
rum, Colica metallica— c. Pituitosa, Colica convul-
siva— c. Plethorica, Colica inflammatoria — c.
Plumbariorura, Colica metallica — c. Pulsatilis,
Colic, inflammatory — c. Rachialgia, Colica me-
tallica— c. Renalis, Colica nephretica — c. Satur-
nina, Colica metallica.
Colica Scorto'uum, Colic of Pros'titutes. A
form of colic said, by Dr. Martin Hassing, of Co-
penhagen, to have been frequently observed by
him amongst that unfortunate class of beings. It
may well be doubted whether any special affec-
tion of the kind appertains to them.
Colica Sicca, C. metallica — c. Spasmodica,
Colica convulsiva. Ileus.
Colica Sterco'rea, Colica Stipa'ta, Stercorn'-
ceous Colic, (F.) Colique stercorals A species
of colic, ascribed to the retention of facal mat-
ters in the intestines. The retention is itself,
however, an effect, that may be caused in the
same manner as the colic pains themselves.
Colica Stipata, Colica stercorea.
Colica Uteri'na, Hys'tero-co'lica, U'lerine
COLICODYNIA
22 3
COLLOID
Oolic, (F.) Colique vtirine. Pain seated in the
uterus, soinetiines called HijHteral'ijia.
CoLicA Vkntuiculi, Cardialgia.
COLICA Vkr.mino'sa, Ihlmiiithoco'Ucn, Worm
Colic, (F.) Colique vermineuse. Abdominal pain,
occasioned by the presence of worms in the in-
testines.
COLICODYNIA, Colica.
COLICOPLEGIA, Colic, metallic.
COLl.UACOiV, Helix pomatia, Liraax.
COLIQUE, Colic — c. dea liarhouHlenrH, Colica
mctallica — c. Hepatique, Colica hepatica — c. d' In-
(lifjeition, Colica crnpulosa — c. MetaUiqne, Colica
mctallica — c. de Miserere, Ileus — c. de Miii6ri-
corde, Ileus — c. des Pelntres, Colica metallica —
c. de Plumb, Colica metallica — c. de Poitou, Colica
metallica — c. Sntnrniue, Colica metallica — c.
Siifhe, Colica metallica — c. Vfijetale, Colica me-
tallica— c. Venteuae, Colica flatulenta.
COLIQUES, Pains, (after.)
COIil'TLS, from kiAov, 'the colon,' and itis,
denoting inflammation; Coloiii'tis, Enteri'tia co'-
lic<i, (F.) Injlammation dn colon. Inflammation
of the peritoneal or mucous membrane of the
colon. The former is termed Serocnli'tia, and
E.rnciili'tis ; the V^iiiQT, EndocolitiHWuA Dyaenlery.
COLIX, Trochiscus.
COLLA PISCIUM, IchthycoUa.
COLLAPSE, Collapsus — c. of the Lung, see
Atelectasis — c. Pulmonary, see Atelectasis.
COLLAP'SUS, Collapse, Conciden'thi ; from
color cum, 'with,' and labor, lapsus, 'to fall.' (F.)
Affnisacment. A complete prostration of strength,
either at the commencement or in the progress
of a disease.
COLLAR-BONE, Clavicle.
COLLARD, Dracontium fretidum — c. Cow,
Dracontium foetidum — c. Polecat, Dracontium
foetidum.
COLLARIUM SALINUM, Haloderaeum.
COLLAT'ERAL, Collatera'lls, (F.) CoUate'ral,
from col, 'with,' and latus, 'side.' That which
accompanies or proceeds by the side of another.
Collat'rral Ar'tekiks op tiih Arm, Arte'riai
Colldlcrii'les Bra'chil, (F.) Arterea collaterales dn
bras. They are given off by the brachial, and
are distinguished into, 1. The collateral — superior
or exlernnl (Grandcs ntiiaculairca dii bras — Ch.)
which arise from the inner part of the brachial,
and extend as far as the inferior and external
part of the arm. 2. The collateral — inferior or
internal [Collaterales dii Coude — Ch.) which arise
from the brachial, near the elbow-joint, and de-
scend towards the upper part of the fore-arm.
The vessels which pass to the fingers and toes
are also called collateral.
Speaking generally, collateral branches are
those which follow nearly the same course as
the vessel whence they emanate.
COLLATERALIS, Ischio-cavernosus.
COLLE-CflAIR, Sarcocolla.
COLLE DE POISSOX, Ichthyocolla.
COLLECTION, Collec'tio, from colli,jere, (col
and Iri/o) 'to gather.' This word is often united
to the epithet purulent, serous, &c., to express a
yatherinij of pus, serum, <fec.
COLLESIS, Agglutination.
COLLET DES DE.VTS, see Tooth.
COLLETICUS. Agglutinant.
COLLEY'S DEPILATORY, see Depilatory.
COLLIC'I.'E. Same etymon as Collection.
'Drains to collect and convey away water.' See
GOUTTfEllE. Union of the ducts passing from
the puncta lacrymalia, Collic"icB puncto'rum
laeri/nta'lium.
COLLICULI NERVI ETHMOID A LIS, Cor-
pora striata — c. Nervorum opticomm, Thalami
nervorum opticorum — c. Vaginae, Nympha;.
COLLICULUS, see Optic nerve.
COLLICtJLUS CaVK.B PoSTEHIORlS YeNTRICULO-
RUM Lateralium, Ilippocampus minor — c. Semi-
nalis, Gallinaginis caput
COLLIER (F.), A collar, from coUum, 'the
neck.' A name given to certain eruptions which
surround the neck like a collar.
COLLIER ANODIX, Necklace, anodyne.
COLLIGAMEN, Ligament.
COLLIfJATIO, Syndesmosis.
COLLINSO'NIA, C. Canaden'sissendecnaaa'ta,
ffurseweed, Horsebalm, Richweed, Richleaf, Heal-
all, Stoneroot, Knotroot, Knotweed, Knobiceed.
Order, Labiatae. Called after Peter Collinson.
This indigenous plant is possessed of diuretic
properties, which seem to reside in a volatile oil.
Infusion is the best form of administration. The
leaves in domestic practice are applied to wounda
and bruises.
CoLLiNsoNiA Decussata, C. Canadensis.
COLLIQUAMEN'TUM, from colliqueo, (col
and liquere.) 'I melt.' The first rudiments of an
embrvo. — Harvev.
C d L L I Q U A'T ION, CoUiqua'tio, Eliqun'tio,
f>i/nte.c'is, Ectex'ia, S'lln'tion, Diaaolu'tion. 'The
act of melting.' (F.) Foule. The ancients meant,
by this term, the progressive diminution of the
solid parts, with copious excretion of liquids by
one or more passages. They thought, that all
the solids melted; and that the liquids, and par-
ticularly the blood, lost a portion of their density.
COLLIQ'UATIVE, Colliquati'vua, Colliques'.
ecus, from colliqnescere, (col and liqneo,) ' to grow
liquid.' (F.) Colliquatif. An epithet given to
various discharges, which produce rapid exhaus*
tion. Hence we say. Colliquative sweats, Colli-
quative diarrhoea, &c.
COLLIQUESCENS, Colliquative.
COLLISIO, Contusion.
COLLIX, Trochiscus.
COLLODES, Glutinous.
COLLO'DION, Collo'dium, Ethe'real Solu'tion
of Gun-cotton, Mai/nard's Adhesive Liquid; from
icoXAo, 'glue.' A solution obtained by dissolving
gun-cotton, Pi/rox' >jlin, (F.) Fulmicoton, Coton-
poudre, Poudre-colon, Colon fulminant, Colon
azotique, in a mixture of rectified ether and alco-
hol, in the proportion of about 16 parts of the
former to 1 of the latter. When applied to a
part, the ether evaporates, and the solid adhesive
material is left, which contracts. Hence it is
used in cases of wounds, to keep their edges to-
gether. It forms, also, a coating, and has been
applied in abrasions, and in cases of burns. In
various chronic cutaneous diseases, it has been
applied with advantage ; and has been employed
to give a coating to pills, which it deprives of
their taste, without interfering with their action.
Collodion is in the last edition of the Ph. U. S.
(18.n.)
CoLLoniON, Canthar'idal, Collo'dium vesi'cana
seu eantharida'le. Prepared by exhausting, by
displacement, a pound of coarsely-powdered can-
tharides with a pound of sulphuric ether, and
three ounces of acetic ether. In two ounces of
this saturated solution of cantharides, twenty-five
grains of gun-cotton are dissolved. By painting
the surface with a little of this solution, vesica-
tion is produced, as with the plaster of can-
tharides.
COLLODTIIM, Collodion— c. Cantharidale,Col-
lodion, cantharidal — c. Vesicans, Collodion, can-
tharidal.
COLLOID, Colloi'des, from /coAXa, 'glue,' and
etioi, ' resemblance ;' Cancer alveola' ria, Carri.
no'ma alveola' re, (F.) Cancer alciolaire ou Col~
COLLOMA
2 24
COLON
loide ou GSlntinifnrme, Cancer aJveolaire oil areo-
laire ou ptiltacS ou gomtueiix, Gelnli'novn cancer.
An epithet applied to a product of morbid secre-
tion, resembling glue, or particles of jelty inlaid
in a regular alveolar bed. The three species of
cancer nr carcinoma are, — Encephaloid, Scirrhous,
and Colloid. See Cancer.
COLLO'MA, from KuWa, 'glue.' A name pro-
posed by Dr. Walshe for the gelatiniform matter,
which is of common occurrence in cysts. It is
transparent, amorphous, and devoid of vessels
and nerves.
COLLONE'MA, from Ko^a, 'glue.' A pecu-
liar gelatinous tumour, consisting of a remarkably
Boft gelatiniform tissue, which trembles ou being
touched. — J. Miiller.
COLLOSTRUM, Colostrum.
COLLOURION, Collyrium.
COLLUM, Cervix, Trache'los, Auchen, Ned;
(Prov.) H<u,<ie, Hoxe, (F.) Col, Con. The part of
the body situate between the head and chest.
Also, a part of an organ resembling the neck, as
in the following cases.
CoLLUM Astrag'ali, Cervix Astrag'ali, Neck
of the Astragalus, (F.) Col de V astragal e. A de-
pression, which separates the anterior extremity
of the astragalus from its body.
CoLLUM CosTA'uoJf, Cervix Costa'rum, Neck
of the Ribs, (F.) Col des Cdtes. The narrow part
of the ribs, between the head and tubercle.
Coi.LUM Den'tium, Cervix Deiitiiim, Neeh of
the Teeth, (P.) Col ou Collet des Dents. The part
of the teeth between the corona and fang, which
is embraced by the gum.
Coi.LUM Fkm'oiiis, Cervix Fem'oris, Neck of
the Thigh-bone, (F.) Col du FSmnr. The long,
narrow, and oblique portion of the os femoris,
which separates the head from the two tro-
chanters.
CoLMiM FiB'DLyE, Cervix Fib'ulcB, Neck of the
Fibula, (F.) Col du Perone. A slight narrowness
seated below the head or upper extremity of the
fibula.
CoLLUM Glandis, see Glans.
CoLLDM Hu'heri, Cervix Hu'meri, Neck of the
Hu'merns. A circular, depressed portion, which
separates the head of the os humeri from its two
tuberosities. Some surgeons place the neck be-
low the tuberosities, no precise line of demarca-
tion indicating its extent.
CoLLUM Mandib-'ul^ seu Maxil'l.« iNFunio'-
EIS, Cervix Mandib'ula'. seu MnxillcB Tnferio'ris,
Neck of the lower jaw, (F.) Col de I'os maxillaire
inferiiure. A depression observable on each side
of the lower jaw, immediately below the con-
dyles.
CoLLUM Obstipum, Torticollis.
CoLLUM Ossis Magni seu Capita'ti, Cervix oa-
sis magni seu capita'ti, Neck of the Os Ilagnum,
(F.) Col du grand Os. A circular depression be-
neath the head of this bone of the carpus.
CoLLUM Pkdis, Instep.
CoLLUJf Ra'dii, Cervix Badii, Neck of the
Radius, (F.) Col du Radius. A narrow portion
of. the radius, which supports the head of the
bone.
CoLLUM Scap'uLj?5, Cervix Scap'nlce, Neck of
the Scap'nla, (F.) Col de V Omoplate. A narrow
portion, observable below the glenoid cavity of
the scapula, which seems to separate it, as it
■were, from the rest of the bone.
CoLLUM U'TKItl, Cervix U'teri, .Jug'nhim Uteri,
Neck of the Uterus, (P.) Col de la Matrice, Col
utirin. A narrow, cylindrical, and flattened por-
tion of the uterus, which terminates it inferiorly,
and opens into the vagina b}' the Os Uteri or Os
Tineas. This neck is perceptible on e.xamination
per vaginam, until near the end of utero-gesta-
tion. As the uterus enlarges, however, it bccomei
shorter and wider, so that a manifest ditlcrence
exists between its condition at seven and nine
months.
CoLLUM Vesi'c^, Cervix Vesi'c(B, Neck of the
Bladder, (P.) Col de la Vessie. The anterior
part of the base of the bladder, which resembles
the neck of a bottle, and is continuous with the
urethra.
COLLURIUM. Collyrium.
COLLUTIO, Gargarism.
COLLUTO'RIUM, (P.) Collutoire, from col.
lucre, ' to wash out.' A mouth wash.
CoLLUTOuiuM Adstringkns, Mel boracis.
COLLU'VIES, from colluo,'! cleanse.' Filth,
excrement. Discharge from an old ulcer.
Coi.LUVIES GastricA, Embarras gastrique,
COLLYR'IlTM, Cotlu'rium, Collu'rion, (P.)
Colhjre, from kwAwu, ' I check,' and pcu, ' I flow,'
or from KoWa, 'glue,' and ovga, ' i;n\' [?], (F.)
Colhjre. The ancients designated, by this term,
a solid medicine, of a long, cylindrical shape ;
proper to be introduced into the vagina, anus, or
nostril. They are said to have given it this name
because it was shaped like a Rat's Tail, and be-
cause there entered into its composition powders
and glutinous matters. — Celsus, Oiibasius, Scribo-
nius Largus. At the present day, Collyrium
means an application to the eye. Some are pid-
verulent and dry, Ophthahnempas' mata, Collyr'ia
sicca, but the greatest part are liquid, Ili/gru-
collj/r'ia; and receive different epithets, as as-
tringent, emollient, &c. The term is now little
more than synonymous with Eye-water. Collyria
are generally extemporaneous formulae.
Collyrium Bateanum, see Lotion, campho-
rated, of Bates — c. Siccum, see Collyrium — c. Sic-
cum Alexandrinum, see Alexandrine.
COLOBO'MA, KoXoliioixa, 'any thing truncated
or shortened.' A mutilated or maimed organ.
Colobo'ma I'ridis, frido-eoloboma. A conge-
nital peculiarity of the iris, consisting in a fissure
of its lower portion, and a consecjuent prolonga-
tion of the iris to the margin of the cornea. See
Iridorrhagas.
COLOBO'SIS, Ko\ofiu)(ns. The act of curtailing
or mutilating ; mutilation.
COLOCHOLO'SIS, from ko>-\ov, 'the colon,'
and x"^'!) 'bile.' Bilious dysentery, Uysentcr'ia
bilio'sa.
COLOCYNTH, Cucumis colocynthis.
COLOMBINE, COMMON, Aquilegia vulgaris.
COLOMBA, Calumba.
COLON, C. Caecum, Monen' terum, Colnm, Tntes-
ti'num majus, I. cellula'tum, I. crassnm ct plenum,
I. grandc, I. laxum, Phgsce, iJivaKt). That portion
of the large intestines which extends from the
cjBcum to the rectum. It is said to have been so
called from KotXoi, 'hollow,' or from Ku\via, 'I
arrest,' because the excrements are arrested, for
a considerable time, in its sacs, — cel'lula seu
haustra seu loculamenta coli. The colon is
usually divided into four portions. 1. The right
lumbar or ascending, Colon dcrtrum, situate in
the right lumbar region, and commencing at the
caecum. 2. Transverse colon, Colon transver'sum,
transverse arch of the colon, the portion of the
colon which crosses from the right to the left side,
at the upper part of the abdomen. .3. The left
lumbar or descending colon, Colon sinis'trnm, ex-
tending from the left part of the transver.se arch,
opposite the outer portion of the left kidney, to
the corresponding iliac fossa. 4. The Iliac colon
or Sigmoid flexure of the colon, (P.) Colon ■ilinqve
ou S. da colon, the portion of the intestine which
makes a double curvature in the left iliac fossa,
and ends in the rectum.
COLONITIS
225
COLPOSIS
The muscular fibre?, as in the cnecum, are in
three fliit stripes, Tai'nia seu Fancia Ligmnen-
to'sm Coli, Tm'nl(B Vulnal'vm seu Liijatnen'ta
vuli.
Colon, Membrum — c. Inflammation of the,
Colitis.
Colon'. Tokpor op thr. A disease in which
the muscular coat of the colon acts with deficient
enerj^y ; ;^iving occasion to distension of the in-
testine, which, by pressing upon the other organs,
may interfere so much with their functions, as to
lend to distressing gastric, cardiac and other dis-
orders.
COI-ONITIS, Colitis, Dysentery.
COI'OXXE, Columna — c. Vertebrate, Verte-
bral ciilumn.
COLOXXES OHARXUES.CurnciB Columns
— c. Clt'iruiiPH ilii Co'ur, Columnao carneae.
COLOr/fAXE, Colophonia.
COLOITIAXY, Colophonia.
COLOlMiO'NIA, so called from Colophon, a
city of Ionia; f'hri/cte, Frictn, fix Gracn, Re-
tl'na nif/ra, Col'ophtiiiy, Colophony, Black Rosin,
Pitch, Itrown Ronin, (F.) Culophone, Colophnne,
Arcanson, lirai sec. The black resin which re-
mains in the retort, after the distillation, by
means of a strong fire, of common turpentine.
It is used like the turpentines in general, and in
some pharmaceutical preparations.
COLOl'llONY, Colophonia.
COLOQEIXTE, Cucumus colocynthis.
COLOQl'INTIDA, Cucumus colocynthis.
COLOR VIR(5INEUS PALLIDUS, Chlorosis
— c. Viricinuin f'ccdus. Chlorosis.
COLO-RECTITIS, Dysentery.
COLOSTRA. Colostrum.
COLOSTRATrO, Colostration.
COLOSTRA'TION, Colostra' tin. Di.sease in
new-born children, attributable to the colostrum.
COLOS'TRUM, Colos'tra, CoUnstrnm, Coins'-
irmn, Troph'iilis, Protor/'nln, Xeog'fihi, Primnm
Pner'j)fr(E hic, Pi/lia, Pi/etifi, Green J\filk, ( I'enst-
lings, /leihtingi, liecstings, liiestings or lienslings,
Beest, (Sc.) Urist, Beisti/n, (Prov.) Fore-milk,
Pnad-milk, Pored milk, Pourd-milk, in the cow.
Ac.,) from KoXov, ' food' [?], or from KoWa. 'glue,'
on account of the viscidity of the first milk. (F.)
Beton. The first milk after accouchement. It
contains more serum and butter, and less casein
than common milk, and seems to possess an eva-
cuant ))riiporty, which renders it fit to aid in the
expulsion <if the meconium. Colostrum formerly
meant an emulsion prepared of turpentine and
yolk of czs..
COLOUR-BLINDNESS, Achromatopsia.
COLOURS, ACCIDENT'AL, Op'posite co-
Innrs, Ctimplcmcn'tnry or Harmon'ic colours, (F.)
Couleiirs Complementdircs. If the eye has been
for some time regariling a particular colour, the
retina becomes insensible to this colour; and if,
afterwards, it be turned to a sheet of white
paper, the paper will not seem to be white, but
will be of the colour that arises from the union
of all the rays of the solar spectrum, except the
one to wliieh the retina has become insensible.
Thus, if the eye be directed for some time to a
red wafer, the sheet of paper will seem to be of
a bluinh-green. in a circubir spot of the same di-
mensions as the wafer. This bluish-green image
is called an oc'ular spectrum, because it is im-
pressed upon the eye and may be retained for a
short time ; and the colour bhiiih-green, h said
to he the nccidcntid colour of the red. If this
experiment bo maile with wafers of different co-
lours, other accidental colours will be observed,
varying with the colour of the wafer employed,
a^ in tiie following table : —
15
Colnnr of the Accidental colour, or colour of the
Wafer, ocular spectrum.
Bed Bluish green.
Orange Blue.
Yellow Indigo.
Green Violet with a little red.
Blue Orange red.
Indigo Orange yellow.
Violet Yellow green.
Black White.
White Black.
If all the colours of the spectrum be ranged in
a circle, in the proportions they hold in the spec-
trum itself, the accidental colour of any particu-
lar colour will be found directly opposite. Hence,
the two colours have been termed opposite colours.
It will follow from what has been said, that if the
primary colour, or that to which the eye has been
first directed, be added to the accidental colour,
the result must be the same impression as that
produced by the union of all the rays of the spee-
trum — white light. The accidental colour, in
other words, is what the jtrimitive colour requires
to make it white light. The primitive and acci-
dental colours are, therefore, complements of each
other; and hence accidental colours have alsi)
been called complementary colours. They have
likewise been termed harmonic, because the ytri-
mitive and its accidental colour harmonise with
each other in painting.
COLPAL'GIA, from koXttoj, 'vagina,' and
aXyoq, ' pain.' Pain in the vagina.
COLPATRE'SIA, Elytratre'sia, Ancylocol'pns,
Atretelyt'ria, from KoX-Koi, ' vagina,' and aTpi/To;,
' without opening.' Imperforation of the vagina.
COLPEMPHRAX'IS, from koUos, 'vagina,'
and n(ppa^ii, 'obstruction.' Obstruction of the
vagina by foreign bodies.
COLPEURYN'TER, Speculum vaginse. The
same term is given by Dr. Braun to an instru-
ment for dilating the os uteri, and upper part of
the vagina. The operation is called Coljtcu'rysie.
COLPITIS, Colposis.
COLPOC'ACE, ^Edceoti'tis gangrano'sa, Gan-
grcB'na gcnita'liitm et vngi'nce, from KoX-uf, ' va-
gina,'and <caico{, 'evil.' Putresceucy or gangrene
of the vagina and labia.
CoLPOCACii Infanti'lis, ^doeoti'tis grangra>-
nn'sn paella' rum, Nmna pudendo'rnm. (irangrene
or putrescency of the vagina and genitals in young
children.
CoLPOCACil Puerpeka'rum, ^dopoti'tis Gnn-
grcpno'sa puerpera'rum, Tocodomycodori'tis ma-
lig'nn vagina'lis (Ritgen). Sloughing of the
vagina and genitals in puerperal women.
COLPOCELE, Elytrocele.
COLPOCYSTOTOM'IA, from ko^zos, 'vagina,'
KvaTii, 'bladder,' and ronn, 'incision.' Sevtio va-
gi'no-vesica'lis. Lithotomy through the vagina.
COLPODESMORRAPiriA, from xoAtoj, 'va-
gina,' hcjioi, ' ligament,' and pa0»), ' suture.' The
removal of a part of the mucous membrane of the
vagina for the radical cure of prolapsus vaginae
et uteri.
COLPfEDEMA, Elvtrcedema.
COLPOPHLEOIIYMENITIS, Encolpitis.
COLPOPTOSIS, Prolapsus vaginae
COLPORRIIA'GIA. Elytrorrha'gia, from >co\.
rof, 'vagina,' and priyvvm, 'I break forth.' Dis-
charge of blood from the vagina.
COLPORRIIAPIIY, Elytrorrhaphv.
COLPORRHEX'IS, Ruptu'ra ragi'ncp, from
(coXirof, 'vagina,' and pr;s<s> 'rupture.' Rupture
of the vagina. Also, colporrhagia.
COLPORRHCEA, Leucorrhcea.
COLPOS, see Jlamma; Sinus, Vagina.
COLPO'SIS. Inflammation of the vagina.
COLPOSTEGNOSIS
26
COMMEMORATIVE
Synonymous with Elytrot'tis, Elytri'tis, Cole'i'tis,
Culjii'tix. Sec Leucorrhnen.
C 0 L P 0 S T E G N O'SIS, Coleostegno'sia, from
(coXiroj, ' vagina,' and ariyvou), ' I close.' Atresia,
or ol)litevati()n of the vagina.
COLFOSTENOCHORIA, Coleostegnosis.
COLPOSYNIZESIS, Coleostegnosis.
COLl'OT'OMY, Cu/potom'ia, from koUo;, 'va-
gina,' and ToiJiri, ' incision.' An incision of the
vagina in parturition.
COLT'S FOOT, Asarum Canadense, Tussilago.
COL'UBER BERUS. The systematic name
of the viper, Vi'pera, (F.) Conleiivre, VIpere.
Clasv, Replilia, Orel. Ophidia. A poisonous rep-
tile— the poison lying in small sacs near its teeth.
The fle^h is innocent, and has been often taken
in scrofula, and in cutaneous disorders in general,
but it is inefficacious.
COLUBRINA, Polygonum bistorta — c. Dra-
contia. Arum dracunculus — c. Lusitanica, Eu-
phorbia capitata — c. Virginiana, Aristolochia ser-
pentaria.
COLUM, Colon.
COLUMBINE, Aquilegia vulgaris— c. "Wild,
Aquilegia Canadensis.
COLUMBO, Calumba — c. American, see Ca-
lumba — c. Marietta, see Calumba.
COLUxMELLA, Pillar, Uvula — c. Cochlese,
Modiohis.
COLUM'NA, Column, (F.) Colonne. Anato-
mists use this word for parts which resemble a
column or pillar; hence for the penis.
CoLiiMNA Adstans Ingiiinibus, Penis — c.
Dorsi, Vertebral column — c. Fornicis, see Fornix.
Colum'na Nasi. The cartilaginous part of the
septum of the nostrils. See Nares.
CoLL'MNA Ouis, Uvula — c. Spinalis, Vertebral
column — c. Virginitatis, Hymen — c. Foraminis
ovalis, see Ovalis fossa — c. Valvulae Vieussenii,
see Valvula Vieussenii — c. Vertebralis, Vertebral
column.
COLUMNyE BERTI'NI, Columns of Bertxn.
Processes of the cortical substance of the kidney,
which extend between the pyramids of Malpighi,
as far a.< the hilus.
COLUM'NiE CAR'NEiE, 0. Cordis, Lacer'ti
seu Lacer'tiili seu Fanes seu Fasci'c'uli ter'etes
Cordli, Trabes seu Trahec'nlcB Cordis, (F.) Colon-
nes churnues da cceur. Small, fleshy columns,
which project, more or less, into the auricles and
ventricles of the heart, whose use appears to be
to prevent too great dilatation of those cavities.
A few of these colnnnxB — see Mnsciili pupilln'res
— are attached by one extremity to the walls of
the heart, and, by the other, give insertion to
chordie tendinere. See Carneous columns.
CoLUMN.E CarnEjE of the Rectum, see Rectum
— c. Papillares. see Columnas Carneae.
COLUMNEA LONtilFOLIA, Bahel.
COLUMNS OF BERTIN, Cdumnas Bertini.
COLUMNS, POSTERIOR MEDIAN, OP THE
MEDULLA OBLONGATA, Funiculi graciles—
c. of M irgagni or of the Rectum, see Rectum — c.
of the Spinal Marrow, see Vertebral Nerves.
COLUS .JOVIS, Salvia sclarea.
COLUSTRUM, Colostrum.
COLU'TEA, C. Arhores' cens seu hirsn'tn, Sen-
na German' icn. Bladder Senna, (F.) Baijnenaii-
dier, Fuitx Sene, Sene indigene, Ord. Legumi-
nosa;. Sex. Si/st. Diadelphia Decandria. The
leaves are slightly purgative, and are often mixed
with those of the cassia senna.
COLUVRINE Lie VfBGlNIE, Aristolochia
serpentaria.
COLYM'BADES, PicJded Olives. These, when
bruised and applied to a burnt part, were sup-
posed to be able to prevent vesication. — Dios-
corides.
COLYMBIFERA MINOR, Mentha crispa.
COMA, Semisom'nis, Semisopi'tus, Semiinpn'-
rus, Siiheik, (Arab). A profound state of sleep,
from which it is extremely difficult to rouse the
individual. It is a symptom which occurs in
many diseases. Two varieties are distinguished,
1. Coma vi(/il sen agri/pno'dcs, I'en^iijil'jum,
Viyil'icB nim'icB, Ti/pho'nia, Veter'nns, Velrnnm'.
itaa, Agrijpnoco' ma. Cams lethar't/ns viyit, 'J'li-
phoma'nia, which is accompanied with (leliriiiin.
The patient has his eyes closed, but opens tiu'iu
when called; and closes them again iinnieiliiitcly.
This state is accompanied with considenible re.-t-
lessness. 2. Coma Soinnolen'tiim, C. Ciiinal<j'dcii •
— in which the patient speaks when roused, Ijut
remains silent ajid immovable in the intervals.
Coma is a deeper sleep than sopor, but less so
than lethargy and earns.
Coma, Capillus — c. Agrypnodcs, see Coma—
c. Apoplexia, Apoplexy — c. Ca;saroa, Plica — c.
Comatoiles, see Coma — c. Somnolentum, Somnu-
lency, se« Coma — c. Vigil, see Coma.
COMACON, Mvristica moschata.
COMAN'DRA UMBELLA'TA, Bastard Tond-
flax : indigenous; Order, Santalaoeae: floweritii;
in May and June ; has been used in fevers \>y
some of the Indian tribes.
COMAROS, Arbutus unedo.
COxMA'RUM PALUS'TRE, Potentil'lapalm'.
tris, Mai-sh Cinqnefoil. An indigenous plant,
Family, Rosaceae, which flowers in Juno. It ij
possessed of astringent virtues.
CO'MATA, from Kujjin. Diseases characterized
by diminution of the powers of voluntary motion,
with sleep or impaired state of the senses. —
Cullen.
COMATEUX, Comatose.
COMATODES, Comatose.
COM'ATOSE, Comato'des, Carof'icus, Cnro'dea,
(F.) Comateux. Relating to or resembling coma:
— as comatose sleep, comatose fever, Ac.
COMBUSTIBILITY, PRETERNATURAL,
Combustion, human.
COMBUSTIO, Burn — c. Spontanea, Combus-
tion, human.
COMBUS'TION, HUMAN, Sponta'neousCom-
bvs'tlon or Preternat'ural Comhiistibil'ily, Citta-
cnn'sis, Tachencan'sis, Incen'dium epoiitn'vciiiii,
Combns'tio sponta'nea, Autempresm'ns, Idiiipn-
caii'sis, Idieiiipre'sis, Catacau'sis ebrio'sn, (F. )
Combustion huniaine, C. Innnaine spontanee ; from
combiirere, combnstnm, [com, and urere, nstiim) 'to
burn.' These terms have been applied to tho
extraordinary phenomenon of a rapid destruction
of the human body, by being reduced to a.^hcs
either spontaneously or by the contact of mi
ignited substance It is said to have occurred
in the aged, and in those that were fat and hurd
drinkers. In such. Dr. Traill has found a con-
siderable quantity of oil in the serum of the hiood.
Vicq d'Azyr, Lair, and Dupuytren think it neces-
sary, that the body should be placed in contact
with an ignited substance. Le Cat, Kopp, and
Marc are of opinion that this is not necf.«sary.
The former appears to be the more probable view.
COMBUSTURA, Burn.
COMEDONES, see Acne.
COMES ARCIITATRORUM, see Exarchiater.
COMESTIBLE {¥.), ^Edn'lis, from cowedere,
'to eat' Eatable, (F.) Edide. Esculent. When
this word is used substantively, in French as in
English, it means solid food.
COMEZ. Ilalfadrop.— Ruland.
COMFREY, Symphytum— c. Spotted, Pulnao-
naria— c. Wild, Cynoglossum Virginicum.
COMISTE, Aliment.
COMMANDUCATIO, Mastication.
CO.MMEM'ORATIVE, Commemorati'vus, (F.)
Cummemorutif, from commeruorare, [com and
COMMENSUM
227
COMPLEXUS
flicmor.) * to cause to rememV.er.' That which
recalls, or rather which is recalleil.
CoMMEMOliATiVE SiGNS, (F.) Sifjiiea comm(mo-
riitifn, are tlioae deduced from circumstances
which have gone before; or rather, according to
(ithtrs, those which point out the preceding con-
dition of the patient. They are also called Aii-
hiiiiic.h'Iii', nil/nil.
COMMENSUM, Symmetry.
COMMEKCIUM, Sympathy.
COM MI. Gum mi.
COM'MINUTED, Comnnnu'tnn, from cnmmi-
vKcrc. {com and niiiiito,) 'to break to pieces.'
(F.) Ciimwiimtlf. A coninn'initffi ficwtitre is one
ill which the bone is broken into a number of
pieces.
COMMINU'TrON, Commhm'tio, Thrypsis,
J.iio'iiis. Same etymon. Fracture of a bone
into !i numlicr of pieces.
COMMISSURA, Articulation.
CoMMissuHA Antkrior Cerebri, Commissure,
anterior, of tiie lirain.
.CoMMissii'iiA ]!iiEViR. A loV.ule or prominence
of tlio inferior vermiform process of the cercbel-
liiiii, situate in the incisura posterior, below the
horizontal fissure.
CoMMissiiHA Labiorum, Prostomia — c. Magna
cerebri, Corpus callosum — c. Maxima cerebri.
Corpus ciiliosum — c. Nervea, Syndesmosis — c.
0^'siuln carnea, Syssarcosis.
CoHMissuRA Posterior Cerebri, Commissure,
posterior, of the Brain.
CoMMissuRA Simplex. A small lobule or pro-
iniiKMice of the superior vermiform process, near
the incisura posterior of the cerebellum.
COMMISSU'RAL ; same etymon as commis-
sure. Of or belonging to a commissure.
C0M'MISSURE,Comm«««i('rn,ro»ij5n'(;es,Conj-
piiffiiin'tio, tSi/ lit' phi/sis, Si/m'bole ; from com-
viilto, [com and niittere, missum,) 'to join together.'
A point of union between two parts: thus, the
c"iiimis.-;ures of the eyelids, lips, Ac, are the an-
gles, which they form at the place of union. See
Fibres, converging.
CoM'MisstinE, Ante'rior, op the Brain, Com-
tKi'iHu'i-a ante'rior cer'ehri, (F.) Comiiiixsiire unt&-
rifiire dit cervcdii. A small medullary fasciculus,
situate transversely at the anterior "part of the
tliird ventricle, and uniting the two hemispheres.
Commissure, Great, ok the Brain, Commis-
sn'rn Mnijnn Cer'ehri, (F.) Grande commimnre dii
ccrveaii, which unites the two hemispheres for
Si>ine extent, is the Corpun callo'snm.
CoMMissuHE, Minnr.E, of the Brain. A layer
of gray substance uniting the thalami optici.
CoMMissiruE, Oblique or Intercerebiial, see
\iilvula Vieusscnii — c. Optic, see Chiasmus.
Commissure, Posterior op the Brain. Com-
Diisiii'ra poste'rior cer'ehri. A medullary band,
sitUMtc at the posterior part of the third or middle
vinlricle.
Commissure of the Uvea, Ciliary ligament:
CO.U.UfSSURE BE LA CHOROIDE, Cili-
ary liiranient.
CO.M.MO'SIS, from (eo^/ioo), 'I adorn.' The
an of concealing natural deformities, as by paint-
ing the face. See, also. Propolis.
COM.MO'TICE, in the older writers, meant the
art of communicating factitious beauty to a per-
son. Painting the face ; Comopor'ia.
COMMOTIO, Motion, Concussion— c. Cerebri,
Concussion of the brain.
COM.MOriOX, Concussion — c. du Cervean,
Concussion of the brain.
COM.MUXrCABLE, see Contagious.
COMMU'NIC.\NS. from communis, (com and jl
»»ii»»Ji, ' an office.) 'common.' ConJHn'ijenn. That ||
which comuiuuiciites or establishes a couimanica- ;
tion. Communicant. There are two Arteria
Commuuican'tea, both within the cranium; — tho
one anterior, very short, and extending trans-
versely from one anterior cerebral artery to the
other,— -the other posterior, called also Commuui-
cans Willin'ii, which passes from the internal
carotid to the posterior cerebral artery. It is a
branch of the basilary.
Communicans NoNi. A long slender nervous
branch, formed by filaments from the first, second
and third cervical nerves, which descends upon
the outer side of the internal jugular vein, and
forms a loop with the descendens noni over the
sheath of the carotids.
Communicans Pehonei, see Communicans dod-
litei. ^ ^
Communicans Poplite'i, C. tihia'Ue [nerms.)
A large nerve, which arises from the popliteal,
and, at a variable distance below the articulation
of the knee, receives the comvmnicana peronei
from the peroneal nerve, — the two forming the
cjcternal aajihenoua nerve.
Communicans Tibialis, Communicans poplitci.
COMPACT, Coiiipae'tnH, from com and pamjere,
pactum, 'to strike, to fix.' Solid, close. (F.)
Vonijiucte. The term Compact 'J'imue is given to
the hardest and closest parts of bone.
COMPAGES, Articulation, Commissure — c.
Ossiuin per Lineam Simplicein, Harmony — c.
Vertebrarum, Vertebral coluiiin.
COMPAGINATIO, Commissure.
COMPAS iJ'EPAISSElli, see Pelvimeter.
COMPASS PLANT, Silphium laciuiatum.
COMPASSIO, Sympathy.
COMPEBA, Piper cubeba.
COMPENSATION, JUdancement.
COM PE PER, Piper cubeba.
COMPER'NIS; from cohi and periin, ' a gam-
mon of bacon with the leg on.' One who has big
knees turned inwards. A case of distortion of
the legs.
COMPETENTIA MEMBRORUM OMNIUM,
Sj'Uimetry.
COMPLAINT, Disease.
Complaint, Family, see Hereditary.
COMPLEMENTAL AIR, see Respiration.
COMPLEMENTARY AIR, see Respiration.
COMPLETIO, Plethora.
COMPLEX, Cumplex'us, from com 'with,' and
pfectere, p/ejriis, 'to twist.' Embracing several
distinct things. Chaussier uses this term, in his
anatomical descriptions, for complicated.
CO.MPLEXIO, Coition, Complexio, Confusio,
TeinperaiJient.
COMPLEXION, Com2)h.v'io. Often em-
ployed, in English, for the colour of the face,
as "He has ti good comp/ejcion," — a '' sallow com-
plexion," &c. It formerly had a more extensive
signification, and still has in France. It signifies
the aggregate of physical characters presented
by any individual, considered with respect to his
external arrangement or condition. It means
more than conntitiition, for which it is used svno-
nymously in many cases; and differs from tem-
perament, which is less the external condition
of the body than the state or disposition of the
organs in health. — H. Cloquet.
COMPLEXUS, Complex.
Complexus Minor, Mastoideus latern'h'n, Trn-
clie'lo-mastoideuK,{¥.) Trach^io-mantoidien. Muscle
petit Complexus. It arises from the transverse
processes of the last four cervical vertebra, and
is inserted into the mastoid process.
Complexes Mus'culus, Bireu'ler Ceri-i'cis,
Complejus -Vajor, Dorso-trnchelon-occipital, Tra-
chdo-ocilpitnl [Ch.). (P.) Jl/usc/e ijrand complexim.
A muscle, situate at the hind part of the neck,
where it extends from the interval that separates
the two prominent ridges on the posterior surface
COMPLICATION
228
COMTTONIA
of the OS occipitis to the transverse and articular
processus of the last six cervical vertebrae, as
Well as to those of the first five dorsal, It serves
to straiLchten, incline, and turn the head.
COMPLICA'TION, CompUcu'tio, from com
'with,' and ^;//c((re, 'to fold.' In medicine, it
means tlie jiresence of several diseases, mnrhi
complliin'ti seu jterplex'i, or of several adventi-
tious circumstances foreign to the primary disease.
COiMPOSIT"ION, Co>„2}<>ait"io, from compo-
nere, (com and panerc, poaitum, 'to place;') 'to
place tiigether.' Syn'ihenin. The act of com-
posing or compounding, — of medicines for ex-
ample ; JtniiatoKi/iiUijc'is. Also, the Compoiiud,
Compos' it mil, or thing compounded. Likewise, a
COIiibhidtiiiil.
COiAIPOSITUM, Compound.
COMPOUND. Same etymology; to mix me-
dicines. To mingle difl'erent ingredients into
one whole. Used adjectively, oompouiul signifies
the result of the union of several medicinal
agents, as " a comjionnd medicine."
COMPRKHENSIO, Catalepsy.
C0MPREN810, Catalepsy.
COM'PKLSS, Cnm]>res'sa, Sphnixcm, Splenioja,
Sp/eiii'n'ciis, Pht'fjida, J'enicil'liim, Peiiic'niiim,
from cotiipriiiiere, (com and premere, preimuni, ' to
press,') 'to press together.' (F.) Compresse.
Folded pieces of lint or rag, so contrived as, by
the aid of a bandage, to make due pressure upon
any part. According to their shape, direction,
and use, compresses have been called loiiy { (F.)
loiigiteiles,) eqiirxre (carrees,) triongiilur, pi-is-
Matic, gyiidiiated (ffraduees,) xplit {/endues,) fene-
iriea, cribleefi, croix de Malte, ohlique, circidiir,
dividliKj [divisives,) uniting [imiaantes,) cribri-
form, &'C.
The Umschlag or compress of the hydropa-
thists is a cloth, well wetted with cold water,
applied to the surface near the supposed seat of
disease, securely covered with a dry cloth, and
changed as often as it becomes dry. It is some-
times covered with a layer of oiled silk, to pre-
vent evaporation.
aOMPKESSEUn DE DUPUYTREN, Com-
pressor of Dujiuytren — c. dn Nez, Compressor
nasi — c. de /ii Priixtdte, Compressor prostata'.
COMPPESSIF, Compressive.
COMPHESSIO, Compression, Thlipsis.
COM P RES' SIGN, Compreasio, Eiierei'six.
Same etymology. Pressure : methodical com-
pression. An agent frequently had recourse to
in surgery. We compreas a limb, affected with
ipdema, varices, hijdrojis articidi, callonn nicer, Ac.
The abdomen is compressed after delivery, after
paracentesis abdominis, &c. The compression is
produced by means of the roller, laced stocking,
Ac., according to the part, and to the particular
case. Moderate pressure aids the contractility
of parts, and excites the action of the absorbents ;
so that large tumours at times disappear after it
has been used for some time. A greater degree
of pressure occasions, still more, the emaciation
of the part, but it is apt to impede the circula-
tion. Pressure is often used to stop or moderate
the flow of blood in cases of aneurism or wounds
of arteries and veins. In such cases, the com-
pression may be immediate, when applied upon
the artery itself, or it may be mediate, when ap-
jjlied through the integuments and soft parts.
The French use the term Compression immediate
I'ttirale for that which is exerted perpendicularly
to the axis of a vessel, so as to flatten its sides.
It is practised with the finger, forceps, tourniquet,
compresses, Ac.
CoMi'RES'sioN OF THE BuAiN. This may arise
either from coagula of blood, a soft tumour, a
bony excrescence, a depressed portion of the
filiuU, or the presence of some foreign body. The
effects vary, nccorcRng as the compression tnl;cs
place suddcu/i/ or gradually. Wiien suddenly,
the symptoms are of the comatose or apoplectic
character. When gradually, mania, convulsionii,
Ac, are more likely to occur. Comprti'sioii,
arising from a depressed portion of skull, recjuirt's
the use of the tro]>hine.
COMPRES'SIVE, Compressi'vus, (F.) Com.
pressif. That which compresses. A. com-presnin
bandage is one that compresses the parts to wbiib
it is apjjlied.
COMPRES'SOR or COMPRESSOTJUM OF
DUPUYTREN, (F.) Compresseur de Diipmjlnn.
An instrument for compressing the femoral iir-
tery, invented liy Dupuytrcn. It is constnutcj
un tlic same principles as the tourniquet of J. L.
Petit, from which it only differs in this respect;—
that, instead of being maintained in its place bv a
strap, which always compresses more or less the
circumference of tiie limb, the two pads are plact'il
at the extremities of a semicircle of steel, >NLidi, ly
j)assing from one to the other without toucbiiij;
the parts, limits the pressure to two ojiposiio
points of the thigh, and permits the collatend
circulation to go on.
CoMrREssoK Naius, liincR'vs, Nasa'lis, Troiis.
versa'lis Nasi, 3fyrti/orm'is, Dilatato'res alu'rhm
nasi, Constric'tor Nasi seu Na'rium seu A'(oi«,
Triangida'ris Nasi, (F.) 3/axillo-narinal, Sus-
maxiUo-nas<il, — (Ch.,) Compresseur dit 111-4,
Transversal du nez. A muscle, situate at the sides
of the nose; flat and triangular. It arises from
the inner part of the fossa canina, and passes to
the dorsum of the nose; where it is confouiidcJ
with that of the opposite side.
CoMPRKSSOR or Constrictor of Nuck. An
instrument for compressing the urethra, to oli-
viate incontinence of urine. It consists of a
girdle of iron, which surrounds the pelvis, tn
which is fixed a plate of the same metal, tbat
compresses the urethra in perincBo.
CoMPRKSSOR PrOS'TATjE, Frostat'icuS SVjit'-
rior, Pubio-prostat'icus, Sub-pubio-prostut'iciit,
(F.) Compresseur de la prostate. A muscle, ad-
mitted by Albinur, which is formed of the ante-
rior fibres of the Levator ani, that embrace tie
prostate. It is the Prostat'icus eiipe'riur of
WlNSLOW.
CoMPREs'soR Uue'thr^. A muscle consiftir<»
of two portions — one of which is transverse in its
direction, and, in consequence of its having Ijccn
particularly descril)ed by Mr. Guthrie, has been
called Guthrie's muscle. It arises from tbe ramus
of the ischium, and passes inwards to embrace
the membranous urethra. The other portion is
pierpendicular, descending from the pubis and
passing down to be inserted into the transverse
portion of the muscle ; — Pu'bio-urethra'lis. This
portion has been considered l)y many to bo only
the anterior fibres of the levator ani ; and having
been described by Mr. Wilson, it has beeu called
Wilson's muscle.
Compressor Ven^ Dorsa'lis Penis. A small
muscle, distinctly seen in animals, less distinctly
in man, which arises from the ramus of the pubic,
and ascending in a direction forwards is inserted
above the vena dorsalis, joining with its felloff
of the opposite side on the mesial line. Its use
is supposed to compress the vein in erection. It
is sometimes called the muscle of Houslun, aftiT
Dr. Houston of Dublin.
COMPRESSORIUM, Compressor.
COMPTO'NIA ASPLENIFO'IJA, Liquidaw'-
bar peregri'na seu asjdenifo'lia, jifijo'ica usjiktu-
fo'lia, Sweet Fern, Shrubby Sweet Fern, >SiC(ft
bush, Fern bush, Fern gale, Spleeuicort hx'k
Meadow fern, Astringent roof. An indigenous
shrubby plant, which grows in sandy or stony
woods from New England to Virginia. It pos-
COMPUNCTIO
229
CONCUSSION
jesfes tonic ami astringent properties, and is used
fts a domestic remedy in diarrhoea, &c., in the
furm of decoction.
COMIMJXCTIO, Paracentesis, Puncturing.
C'')X.K>TIIESIS, Ccenaesthesis.
CO.VAIirUM. Pineal gland.
COX AT lis, Effort.
CD N C A R X ATIO, Syssarcosis.
COSdASSER, (F.), from conquamiare, (com
md qiiiiKHdrc, 'to shake much,') 'to break to
jiieces;' ' to comminute.' To reduce roots, woods,
4!i;c. into small fragments, in order that their ac-
tive principles may be more readily separated
from them.
CONCAU'SA, Coticrtui'iia, {com and causa,)
Sijiiee'tioii. A cause which co-operates with an-
other, in the production of disease.
CONCAVITAS CONCflULARIS CEREBRI,
Iiifuiidihulum of the brain.
CO.VCAVUM PEDIS, Sole.
CONCENTRAN'TIA, from com and centrum,
'a centre.' A name once given to absorbents of
a'jids.
CONCENTRA'TION. Conrcntm'tio. A word
foun'times used, in medical theories, to express
nn atflux of fluids, or a convergence of sensibility
or of vital force, towards an organ. It is applied,
■ilso, to the pulsation of arteries, when not easily
ft'lt uTuler tlie finger. ^
POULS CONCENTRE, (F.) A term ap-
plied by the French to a pulse of the above
CONCEPTACULA SEMINARIA, Vesiculse
seminariic.
CONCEPTACULUM, Uterus, Vessel.
CONCKPTIO, Conception — c. Vitiosa, Preg-
niini'v. extra-uterine.
CdXOEP'TION, Conccj>'t>o, Coiieep'tun, Ci/e'-
nis, Sjjlh'p'fu'n, Aitdrolcp'sla, from concipin, [com
a'ld ciipio,) ' I conceive.' The impregnation of
t'le ovum by the positive contact of the male
spirin, whence results a new being. The whole
subject of conception is most mysterious. It
SKoms to occur as follows. During the sexual
uiiiiin, the male sperm piU'sses along the uterus
and Fallopian tubes: the fimbriated extremities
of the latter seize hold of the ovarium ; and the
s]ierin in this manner comes in contact with a
maturated ovum, and impregnates it. The fe-
C'lnibited ovum remains some time in the ovarium,
but at length bursts its covering, is laid hold of
by the fimbriated extremity of the Fallopian
tubes, and passes along the tube into the cavity
of the uterus, where it remains for the full period
of utero-gestation. Some are of opinion, that
the ovum is not impregnated until it has entered
the Fallopian tube, or uterus.
Concep'tiov, Fai.se, Fk/suh Concep'tuK, Spn'-
rhini ijermeu, (F.) Fdiinne Coiicepttou, Faux c/ernie.
An irregular, preternatural conception, the result
of which is a mole or some similar production,
instead of a properly organized foetus. See Mole.
COXCRP'TUS. The first rudiments of the
fetus, after conception. Also, conception.
CoNi'KPTi's Falsus, Conception, false.
rOXCIIA, Coiichus, Koy^n, 'a concave shell.'
A linuiil measure, amongst the Athenians, equal
t'l half an ounce. Anatomists apply this term to
several hollow parts of the body ; — as the Ooucha
of titr Eur, — Concha Aurin, Conchu Auric'ulcB ;
{?.) Cnixfuc — the hollow part of the cartilage of
the external ear. It has, also, been applied to
the genital organs of the female; to the pa-
tella, Ac.
CoxcHA, Patella, Turbinated bone (middle,)
A'ulva — c. Auris interna. Cochlea — c. Cerebri,
Infundibulum of the brain — e. Genu, Patella — o.
Inferior, Turbinated bone, (inferior) — c. Laby-
rinthi, Cochlea — c. Morgagniana, Turbinated
bone, (superior)— c. Narium superior, Turbinated
bone, (superior.)
COXCH/E NARIUM, Turbinated bones — c.
Veneris, Turbinated bones.
COXCIIA'RUM ANTIFEBRULE. A febri-
fuge and sudorific preparation in Bates's Phnrma-
copteia. It was composed of vinegar, mussel-
shells, and water of Carduui beiiedictus.
CONCHO-IIELIX. A small, fleshy fascicu-
lus, attached to the concha of the ear and helix.
It is also called the small muscle of the helijc.
CONCIIUS, CoHcha. The cranium. In the
plural, it means the orbitar cavities. — Castelli.
CoNCHus OcuLi, Orbit.
CONCHYLIA, Turbinated bones.
CONCIDENTIA, Collapse.
CONCILIA CORPORALIA, Coition.
CONCIL'IUM. A milky plant, referred to by
Pliny as aphrodisiac and antiphthisical. Adanson
considers it to be a Camj>auula.
CONCOCTED, Coucoc'tus, Matura'tus, Pepei'-
rus ; from con and coquere, 'to boil.' Brought to
maturity ; ripe ; concocted ; digested.
CONCOCTIO, Coction— c. Tarda, Dyspepsia.
CONCOCTION, Coction.
CONCOMBRE ORDINAIRE, Cucumis sati-
vus — c. Sauratje, Momordica elaterium.
CONCOMlf ANS, Concomitant.
CONCOM'ITANT, Coucovi' itans, from con and
comitarc, (itself from comire — cum and ire,) 'to
go with.' That which accompanies. A symptom
which accompanies others.
CONCREMATIO, Calcination.
CONCREMENTA ZOOliYLICA, see Zoo-
hylica.
CONCREMENTUM, Concretion.
CONOR ETIO, Adherence, Concretion— c.
Palpebrarum cum bulbo oculi, Symblepharosis.
CONCRE'TION, Concre'tio, Coiicremeu'tum,
from concrescere, coyicretum, (con and crescere,)
' to condense, thicken, become solid :' Pexis,
Si/mpex'is, vrj^is, avjiini^ii. The act of becoming
thick or solid. It was once used synonj'mously
with adhesion or growing together — as, "concre-
tion of the toes." Most commonly, it is applied
to extraneous and inorganic bodies, of a solid
character, met with in ditferent textures, after
certain chronic inflammations ; or which make
their appearance in the joints or in the reservoirs
for exerementitial fluids. Concretion is, there-
fore, frequently sj'nonymous with Culcnhts, and
is then rendered, in Latin, by the word Concre-
jnenlum. But Concretion has a more extensive
signification than Calculus ; thus, accidental ossi-
fications or deposits of phosphate of lime in cer-
tain organs, and especially in the liver and lungs,
are properly called osseoiis concretions. They
could not well be called osseous calculi.
CoNCUETioN, FiBniNOUs, Saxguineoos, Po-
i.YPii^oujf, or Polypous, op the Heart, see Poly-
pus— 0. Intestinalis, Calculus of the Stomach and
Intestines.
CONCRETIONES ALVIN^, Calculi of the
stomach and intestines.
CONCUBITUS, Coition— c. Venereus, Coition.
CONCUR'SUS, from coneurrere, (con, and cur-
rere, cursum, 'to run,') 'to meet together,' Syn'-
tlrome. The congeries or collection of symptoms,
which constitute and distinguish a particular dis-
ease.
CONCUS'SION, Commo'tion, from concufio,
concuss}(m, (con and quatcre, 'to shake,') 'I shake
together.' Concus'sio, Thlasma Concus'sio, Gom-
mo'lio, Anasis'mus, Tinarpuus, (F.) Commotion.
In Surgery, it is used for the agitation often com-
municated to one organ by a fall upon another;
as to the brain from a fall on the breech, Ac.
In all severe injuries, in sudden encephalic
hemorrhage, and in overwhelming emotions, a
COXDENSANTIA
230
CONFECTIO
ennciissi'oii or shoch is felt to a greater or less ex-
tent in the nervous system, which requires the
careful attontion of the physician.
Concussion or thk Biiain, Commo'tio Cer'ehri,
Apoplcr'ia nervo'an traii7>>at'icn, Encephaloiis'-
■muH, (F.) Commotion dii Cervean, sometimes gives
rise to alarming symptoms, even to abolition of
the functions of the brain, yet without any sen-
sible organic disease. Slight concussion of the
bruin, called utitiinhig, consists in vertigo, tinnitus
aurium, loss of memorjs and stupefaction; all
these being temporary. When more severe, there
is instant loss of sensation and volition, vomiting,
the patient being as if in a sound sleep, but there
is no stertorous breathing. Pulse variable, gene-
rally more rapid and feeble than in compression;
extremities cold. Little can be done here, till
reaction has occurred: after this, the case must
1)0 treated according to general principles, — by
bleeding, blisters, cold applied to the head, &c.
After severe concussion, a patient, although ap-
parently well, is not safe till some time after the
accident.
CONDENSAN'TIA, from con and densus,
'dense;' Incra-isan'tia. Medicines esteemed
proper for inspissating the humours.
CONDENSATIO, Condensation, Stegnosis.
CONDENSA'TION, Cundensa'tio, Lispissa'ti'o.
Increase in density of the blood and other liquids,
or of the solids, which enter into the composition
of the human body.
CONDENSER, see Alembic.
Conden'seu, LiEBiGs's. A distillatory arrange-
ment, invented by Liebig, in which the tube con-
veying the vapour is made to paSiS through an-
other tube, the calibre of which is such as to
leave a space between the two, through which a
stream of water may be made to run.
CON'DIMENT, 'Coniimen'tnm, Ar'fi/mcx, He-
dj/n'mn, Condilu'io, from coudlre, 'to season.'
(F.) Assaisnonncmeiit. Some Substances are called,
at times, aliments, and at others, condimcntn, ac-
cording as they constitute the basis or the acces-
sory to any dish: such are cream, butter, mush-
rooms, olives, <fec. Others arc .always condiments,
as they are only used to improve the savour of
food, and contain but little nutritive matter. Such
are pepper, salt, cinnamon, <fec. Almost all con-
diments are possessed of stimulant properties.
CONDir, Confectio.
CONDI'TUM, same etymon. A pharmaceu-
tical compound of wine, honey, and some aro-
matics, especially pepper. Also, a confection.
CONDITURA CADAVERUM, Embalming.
CONDO.M, Armonr, (F.) Bnndniche, liedln-
ffote Angluise, Gnnt dcs JJnmes, Cii/otte d' assu-
rance, Penu divine. The intestinum cascum of a
sheep, soaked for some hours in water, turned
inside out, macerated again in weak, alkaline ley,
changed every twelve hours, and scraped care-
fully to abstract the mucous membrane, leaving
the peritonej\l and muscular coats exposed to the
vapour of burning brimstone, and afterwards
■washed with soap and water. It is then blown
wp, dried, cut to the length of seven or eight
inches, and bordered at the open end with a
riband. It is drawn over the penis prior to coi-
tion, to prevent venereal infection and pregnancy.
It received its name from its proposer. Dr. Con-
dom.
CONDUCTIO, Tonic spa=m. Convulsion.
CONDUCTION, VIBRATIONS OP, see
Sound.
CONDUCTOR, Direc'tor, Itinera'rinm, (F.)
Oondiictenr ; from con, 'with,' and ducere, diie-
inm, 'to len.ll.' That which conducts. The Con-
ductor was an instrument, formerly used in the
high operation for the stone, for directing the
forceps into the bladder.
CONDUIT, Canal — c. Auditif externe, Audi,
tory canal, external — c. Auditif interne. Auditory
canal, internal — c. Aiiricidaire, Auditory canni,
external — c. ChoUdoqne, Choledoch duct — <•. I)e-
fh'cnt, Deferens — c. d' Enstacke, Eustachian tiihe
— c. Uiittnralc de I'orei/le, Eustachian tube — r.Ln.
byrinthiqne, Auditory canal, internal — c. I'teii/.
f/oidien, Pterygoid canal — c. dc la Pitdenr, Vngin.i
— c. SouHorbitaire, Suborbitar canal — c. Sftcnmi.
tique, Deferens (vas) — c. Thoniciqiie, Tborai'io
duct — c. Vidien, Pterygoid canal.
CONDUITS ADIPEUX, Fatty canals -o.
Aquenx, see Aqueous — c. Avcngles de Vuvtlhre,
see Caccus — c Dentaires, Dental canals — c. Ejn-
culateurs, Ejaculatory ducts — c. Lacnjmaiu; La-
chrymal ducts — c. Lactifires, Lactiferous vesiitU
— c. Nonrriciers, Canals, nutritive — c. NiitricieiH,
Canals, nutritive.
CONDYLARTIIRO'SIS, from Koviv^os, 'aeon-
dyle,' and apfi/jov, 'a joint.' Articulation by cmi-
dylcs. An elongated head or condyle, received
into an elliptical cavity.
CON'DYLE, Con'dylS, Con'dijlns, Capit'iilum,
from Kovliv\oi, 'a knot, eminenc^e.' An artitiil:ir
eminence, round in one direction, flat in the other.
A kind of process, met with more ])articularly ia
the ginglymoid joints; — such as the cuiulyles of
the occipital, inferior maxillary bone, Ac. Soiiw
anatomists have applied the term, however, to
eminences that are not articular, — as to the late-
ral tuberosities at the inferior extremity of the o»
humeri, and even to certain depressions, — as to
the concave articular surfaces at the upper extre-
mity of the tibia. Chaussier calls the transvurse
root of the zj'gomatic process Condyle of the tern-
poral hone.
CONDYLI DIGITORUM MANUS, Phalanges
of the fingers.
COND YUEN, see Condyloid Foramina.
CONDYLIUS, Condyloid.
CON'DYLOID, CondijloVdeus, Oondijlo'des,
Condyl'iua, from Kov6v\oi, 'a condyle,' and tiiof,
'shape.' Having the shape of a condyle.
Condyloid Foram'inA, Foram'inn OondyhnJea,
(F.) Trous condylo'idiens, Fosses condyloidieiiiics.
They are distinguished into anterior and jmslc-
rioy. They are four in number, seated in the
occipital bone; — two anterior, and two posterior
to the condyles or condyloid processes of tlio
same bone, and to depressions, which are called
FosscB CundyloidecB.
As the word Condylo'idicn means, 'that which
has the shape of a condyle,' it has been juili-
ciously proposed by some French anatomists that
condylieti should be used in preference, in tlie
cases of the foramina and fossaj.
CONDYLOiDIEN, see Condyloid Foraminii.
CONDYLO'MA, Condylo'sis, Cou'dylns, IVr-
ru'ca carno'sa, from kov&vXo;, 'a knot,' 'an emi-
nence.' A soft, fleshy excrescence, of an indolent
character, which appears near the orifice of the
genital organs and rectum, and occasionally nn
the fingers and toes. It is a consequence of the
syphilitic virus. Such tumours are also called
Dermophi/'mata vene'ren.
CONDYLOSIS, Condvloma.
CONDYLUS, Condyloma.
CONEFLOWER, Rudbeckia laciniata-c.
Purple, Echinacea purpurea.
CONEINE, see Conium.
CONESSI CORTEX, Nerium antidysenteri-
cum.
CONFECTIO, Confec'tion, from conficio, c"-
fectnm, {con and faeere, 'to make,') 'I make up.'
Alifj'nlns, (F.) Conjit, Confiture, Condit. In gene-
ral, it means anything made up or preserved wiit
sugar. In the Pharmacopoeias of the United
; States, London, and Dublin, it includes the arti-
CONFECTIO
231
CONFECTIO
clcs before called electuaries ami conserves. Con-
fi-v'tJi) or Ciniffc'tiiin also incans Confectionary.
CoNFiicTio ALKi;itMi;s, Alkermes.
C'oNFKCTH) Amyguala'rdm, (J. Amyq'dulm, Con-
ti'ira aini/i/diita'rnm, Almond Confection, Almond
J'dite, I'dHlit re'ijia sen Amytfdali'na seu Emnl-
gi'vn, Jinly'rnm Amyydtiln' rum Did'cinm, (F.)
Confection d' Amttnden. (Smect (tlmondu, ,^viij;
ynm ncncin, ^^j ; v)hltK sin/or, ^iv. Blancit the
Hlmonils, and heat into a paste.) A good mode
of keeping almonds in a state fit for making
cniuli'ions.
CoXFKCTlO Archig"e\I, C. Ponli'nn. {Cnxtor,
lonij pfipper, blnck pepper, nforar, f/filljriniim,
C'lHtits, opinin, of each 3***) soffron, ^\] ; m/rnp
of ivormwooii, 3'.)-) I' ^^as much recommended
as n slitnulant in nervous affections.
CoNFKcrio Ahomat'ica, C. Cnrdi'aca seu Ra-
leit/liii'iKi, Elertnn' rinni Aroniat' icitm, Aromatic
Confection, S'ir ]V(i/ter Jialeiy/i't, Cordiol. The
followitig is the formula, (Ph. U.S.): Pnlv. aro-
m<it. 5*''*' <^roci, in pulv. ^ss ; syrnp. anrnnt.
3vj; Mel denpnnidf. ^\}. Rub the aromatic
powder with the satfron ; then add the syrup and
iioncy. and l)eat together ui^til thoroughly mixed.
Dose, 9.i f" 3i-
CoNF^:cTlo AnnANTio'iiOM, C. Anrmi'tii Cor'-
ticin, (Ph. U.S.), Conner' i)a Cnr'ticnm Anrantio'-
rnin seu Cor'tiein Exterio'ris Anrontii Hispnlen'-
Kin seu Fl'ived'iniv Corticnm Anrnntiornm Hinpn-
len'ainm seu Anraniii seu Citri Anrnntii, Confec-
tion if the Ormir/e, Conxerve of Oranc/e Peel.
( Yellow port of tile peel of the ornnije, tt)j ; rec-
tified foii/iir, ftiij ; beat into a conserve.) It is
stomachic, and an agreeable vehicle, eorrigent,
and adjuvant for other remedies. Dose, ,^ss.
CoNFKCTio Caudiaca, Confectio aromatica.
CoXFKCTlo Cas'sItE, Conserra cassia, Electna'-
riiini CiissifB Fis'tiilcB seu Cassia seu c Cossiii seu
lii.rfitl'riim seu Cassia taniarinda'tnm seu leniti'-
vuiii seu e Cassid, Diacos'sia cnm Manna, Cassia
Confection. (Cassia pinlp, Ibss ; manna, ,^ij ,"
tomorind pnlp, ^j ; syrnp of roses, f^^viij.
Bruise the manna., dissolve by heat, mix the
])ulp, and eva))orate. — (Ph. L.) It is gently laxa-
tive. Dose, ^^ss.
Con'kkc'tio Cat'eohu Compos'itum, Electna'-
riiiiii Catechu, Coinponiiil Confec'tion of Catechu.
(Pnlu. catechu cotiip. I^v (avoirdupois): Syrup,
f^v, mix. (Ph. D.) The Edinburgh confection
is formed of catechu and Iciiio, each ^iv; cinna-
mon and nntmeij, each ^i ; opium, diffused in a
little sherry, CJiss ; Syrnp of lied Hoses, of the
consistence of honey, Oiss (Imp. meas.): mixed
and thoroughly beaten together. A grain of
opium is contained in about 200 grains of the
mass. Dose, as an astringent, ^^ss to gj.
CoNFRCTio DvMocnATis, Mltliridate.
CoNFKCTio IIamec — so called from an Arabian
physician — was composed of the bark of the
yellow niyrohalans, black myrohalans, violets, pulp
of colovynth, polypodinin of the oak, leares of
icormwood, thyme, aniseed, fennel, red roses, pulps
of prunes, raisins, snijar, honey, senna, rhubarb,
&C. It was used as a purgative in glysters.
CoN'FECTio IIvacin'thi, Hy'acinth Confection,
Elictna'riuin seu Confec'tio de Croco emenda'ta
ollin dicta de hi/acin'this, (Ph. P.) A tonic and
slightly astringent confection, composed, accord-
ing to BiUime, of terra siijillata, crabs' stones,
ciiiniimioi, leares of the dittany of Crete, myrrh,
saffron, syrup of lemon, camphor, Narbonne honey,
nil of lemon, ,tc. : and formerly the hyacinth was
added, whence its name.
CoXFKOTio O'i'il. ('■ opin'ta, Elcetna' rium Opia'-
tum seu O'pii, Philo'niuin Londinen'se sou Roma'-
nuiii, Theriaca Edinen'sis, Electua'riiiin Theba'-
icum. Opium Confection, (Opium, in powder,
3ivss; Pulv. aromat. "^y'y, Mel despumat, 3xivj
mix thoroughly. One grain of opium in .36 : —
Ph. U. S.) It is narcotic and stimulant. Dose,
gr. X to 9j.
Confectio Paulina, Confectio Archigeni — e.
ex Capitibus papaveris, Diacodium.
Confectio Pip'euis, C. Piperis nigri, Electua'-
rium Piperis, Ward's Paste for Fis'tula. (Black
pepper, elecampane root, each Ibj ; fennel seed,
thiij ; honey and sugar, each Ibij, (Ph. U. S.)
Dose, size of a nutmeg, three or four times iv
day.
Confectio Raleighana, Confectio aromatica.
Confectio Ros^k, C. Rosa Gal'lica seu Rosa
rubra, Conser'ra Rosa seu Rosa (lal'lica seu
Flornni Rosa'rum Riibra'rum seu Florum Roses
Rubra, Rhodosac'charnm, Sac'chnmim Rosa'ce-
Hin, Confection of the Red Rose. (Red roses, in
powder. ,^iv; Sugar,in powder, ^xxx; Clarified
honey, ^vj; Rose water, f^^viij. Rub the roses
with the rose water at a boiling heat; then ad I
gradually the sugar and honey, and beat until
thoroughly mixed. — Ph. U. S.) It is astringent,
and chiefly used as a vehicle for other remedies.
Confectio Ros.4; Cani'n^e, Conser'ra Rosa
Cani'na seu Rosa F'rnctiis seu Cynos'bati seu
Cynor'rhodi, Rob Cynos'batos, Confection or Con-
serve of Do;/ Rose. (Pulp (f dog rose, tbj : sugar,
5 XX. Incorporate. Ph. L.) It is chiefly used
as a vehicle for other remedies.
Confectio Rut.*;, Confection of Rue. (Rue
leaves, dried, carrairay seeds, bay berries, of each
^iss; sagapeninn, ^\v ; black pepper, ^\y, honey,
^xvj. Mix. — Ph. L.) It is given in clysters, as
an antispasmodic and carminative.
CoNPBCTio DE San'tai.is, Coufcction of the
Sanders, (F.) Confection de Sandan.r. {Satidol
wood, red coral, bole armeniac, terra sigillatn,
kermes berries, tormentil root, dittany, saffron,
myrtle, red roses, calcined hartshorn, and cloves.)
It was formerly used as an astringent.
Confectio Scammo'nii, FJlectua'rium Scammo'-
nii seu e Scammo'nio, Caryocost' inum. Confection
of Scam'mony. (Powdered scammony, 5'*^ ■
bruised cloves, powdered ginger, aa ,^vj ; oil of
carraway, ^^s ; syrup of roses, q. s. — Ph. L.) A
stimulating cathartic. Dose, gss to Jl-
Confectio Senn.-e, Electua' rium Cassia Senna,
E. Senna cum Pnlpis seu Senna coinpos'itinn seu
ape'riens seu cath.ol'icnm commu'ne seu diaprn'-
num seu eccoprot'icum seu Senna seu e Sennd seu
leniti'vum, Bcnedic'tnm Laxati'vum, Confection
of Senna, Len'itive Elec'tuary. &c. (Senna leaves,
^viij ; figs, Ibj ; tamarind pulp, cassia pulp, ^nlp
of French prunes, each Ibss : coriander seed, ^iv :
liquorice root, ,^iij; sugar, tbiiss ; water, Oiv.
Rub the senna <nnd cori.ander together: separate
10 ounces of the powder with a sieve; boil the
residue with the figs and liquorice root in the
w.nter to one-half; press out the liquor and strain.
Evaporate the liquor by means of a water batli
to a pint and a half; add the sugar, and form a
syrup. Rub the pulps with the syrup, gradually
added; throw in the sifted powder, and beat till
thoroughly mixed.— Ph. U. S.) It is a laxative,
and is used in habitual constipation, and in con-
stipation during pregnancy. Dose, ^ss to ,^ss.
Confectio SuLrn'uiiis, Confection of Sulphur.
(Sulphur. sidiUin. ^ij ; Potass. Bitart. 5J ; Mel.
despumat. ^j ; Syrnp. Zingib. Syrup Croci, ail
f^^ss. M.— Ph. D.) As a laxative and altera-
tive. Dose, 5J to 3;ij.
Confectio TEiJEBiNTn'iN^., Confec'tion of Tnr'-
pentine. (01. Tereb. f^y, Pulv. Glycyrrhiz. ^y,
Mel. despumat. ^ij. — Ph. D.) An agreeable
mode of administering turpentine. Dose, a scru-
ple to a drachm.
Confectio de Thure, Frank'incensc Confec-
tion, (F.) Confection d' Eneens. A compound of
coriander seeds, nutmeg, thus, liquorice, mastich,
CONFECTION
23 2
CONGLOBATE
ciihehs, prepared hartshorn, conserve of red rosea,
hnyar, &c.
CONFECTION, Confectio— c. d'Amnndes, Con-
fection, almond — c. of Catechu, compound, Con-
foc'tio catechu coinpositum — c. d'Encens, Confectio
do Thure — c. Frankincense, Confectio de Thure
c. of tlie Orange, Confectio aurantiorum — c. of
tne Red rose, Confectio rosse (Jallicae — c. of Rue,
Confectio rutre — c. de Snudaujc, Confectio de san-
talis — c. of the Sanders, Confectio de santalis — c.
of Sulphur, Confectio sulphuris ■»- c. of Turpen-
tine, Confectio terebinthinae.
COXFECTUM, Confection.
CONFERVA HELMINTHOCORTOS, Coral-
liiia Cursicana.
CoNFEii'vA Riva'lis. This species of River
Weed has been recommended in cases of spas-
modic asthma, phthisis, <fec.
CONFINEMENT, Parturient state.
CONFIRM ANTIA, Tonics.
CONFIRMED, Consummatus.
CON FIT. Confectio.
CONFITURE. Confectio.
CON'FLUENT, Gon'flnens, from con, and flu-
t'-e, ' to flosv ' 'Running together.' An epithet
fir certain e.xanthematous affections, in which the
lamples, pustules,, &c., run together. It is par-
ticularly ajiplied to small-pox, so circumstanced.
Some authors have called scarlatina or scarlet
fever Continent Measien, 3/orbil'li Gonjlnen'tes.
CO NFL UENT I)ES SINUS, Torcular Hero-
l.hili.
CONFLUEN'TIA, Confwdera'tio ; same ety-
nion as Confluent. A term, employed by Para-
celsus to express the concordance between a dis-
C.ise and its remedies.
CONFLUXIO, Sympathy.
CONF(EDERATIO, Confluentia.
CONFOR.MATIO, Conformation, Structure.
CONFORMA'TION, Conforma'tio, Blop'iasis,
JJiaplns'mns, Structure, from conformare, {con,
and forniare, formatum, 'to form,') 'to arrange,'
' dispose.' The natural disposition or arrange-
ment of the body.
Faulty conformation, (F.) Vice de conformation,
is vice of original formation ; existing, of course,
from birth. In French surgery, CoiiJ'orimttion is
used synonymously with Coaptation, and both it,
/h'ajjlasis and Aiiaplasia mean, also, restoration
til the original form — as in fractures, <fec.
CONFORTANTIA, Tonics.
CONFORTATIVA, Tonics.
CONFORTER {¥.), Confirma're, Conforta're,
Corrobora're, {con, and fort in, 'strong.') To
make stronger — to give energy. Conforter I'es-
tuinac, ' to strengthen the stomach.'
CONFRICA'TION, Confrica'tio, from confri-
t'lre, {con, and fricnre, fricatnni,) 'to rub.' The
action of reducing a friable substance to powder,
by rubbing it between the fingers ; and of ex-
))ressing the juice of a plant with the hand.
CONFRICA'TRIX, from con, 'with,' and /n-
care, fricatiiin, 'to rub.' A female who practises
masturbation.
CONFU'SyE FEBRES. Intcrraittents, whose
paroxysms are irregular and confused. — Bellini.
CONFU'SIO, from confnndo, {con and fnndere,
fitunm, 'to pour,') 'I mix together;' Si/n'chisis.
A disease of the eye, which consists in the mix-
ture of the humours. — Galen. In modern times,
Synchysis has been applied to a morbid state of
tiie vitreous body, in which it is reduced to a
diffluent condition. Occasionally, sparkling bo-
dies are perceptible, which seem to be seated be-
hind the crystalline, in the vitreous humour:
hence, the disease has been called xparlling syn-
chysis or spinthero'pia, from <nrtvd)]p, 'a spark,'
and oil/', 'the eye;' (F.) Spintheropie, ScintiUe-
ment de I'ce.il. Confusio has, also, been used sy-
nonymously with Complejcio.
CONFUSIONES ANIMI, Affections of the
mind.
CONGEE DISCHARGES, Rice-water dis.
charges.
CONGELANTIA, Congelativa,
C0N(JELATIO, Catalepsy.
CONGELA'TION, Con,,ela'tio, Conglncia'tio,
Gela'tio, from coiujelo, {con, and (jelarc, i/elalnm,)
'I congeal,' 'I freeze.' The action of coiigoiding,
of passing to the solid state by the abstraction of
heat; as congelation of loater, mercury, &c. Tho
term had once other acceptations. 1. It was sy-
nonymous with concretion. 2. With coaynlntioii,
in which sense it is still occasionally euiployed.
3. The ancients called all diseases, produced by
cold, congelations, as well as\hose in which tliere
was a kind of stupor or torpor — particularly cata-
lepsy. Also, F^rostbile, (Prov.) Kccnhitc.
Congelation of a part, by the application of
powdered ice or of a freezing mixture, in a blad-
der or gauze bag, has been employed to induce
ana?sthesia in the lesser surgical operations. It
has al^o been used in external inflauimiition.
CONGELATI'VA ' MEDICAMEN'TA, Con-
glntinan'tia, Congclan'tia. Medicines, considered
capable of uniting or consolidating wounds, &c.
CON'GENER, Congenerous, from con, and
genus, generis, 'kind.' (F.) Contjencre. Of the
same kind or species. Resembling each other in
some manner. When applied to muscles, it
means, that they concur in the same action; in
opposition to the word antagonist, or that which
acts in an opposite direction.
In France Congenlres is applied to those who
join in the dissection of the same subject.
CONGENIAL, Congenital.
CONGENIALIS, Congenital.
CONGENITA NOT^, Nebvus.
CONGEN'ITAL, Con'genite, Gongenia'lis, Con.
gen'itus, Syngen'iciis, from coh, and genitiis, 'be-
gotten.' (F.) Congenial ou Congenital. Diseases
which infants have at birth : hence, Congenit<d
affections are those that depend on faulty confor-
mation ; as congenital hernia, congenital cataract,
&n. See Connate.
CONCJESTED, HypertBmic.
CONGESTIO, Congestion — c. Abdominalis,
CoelioDmia — c. Pectoris, Stethscmia — c. Pulmo-
num, Stethsemia — c. Sanguinis, Congestion.
CONGES'TION, Conges' tio, Rhope, from eon-
gerere, {con, and gercre, gcstntn, 'to carrj,') 'to
amass,' 'accumulate,' &c. Symph'orn, Ilamale-
jjago'ge, IIcBmatosymphore'sis, Hamatosynayo' ije,
IIcBmorme'sis, Synipliore'ma, Synvphore'sis, Si/iia-
throis'mns, Synathroe'sis, San'guinis Coiirjen'tio,
Engorgement. Accumulation of blood — hijjjvra-
mia — in an organ. It is an important symptom
in febrile and other disorders. It may arise cither
from an extraordinary flow of blood by the arte-
ries, or from a dilliculty in the return of blood to
the heart by the veins. More often, perhaps, it
is owing to the latter cause, and is termed vciioun
congestion, stasis or stagnation — being not unu-
sually attended with symptoms of oppression and
collapse. See Hyperaemia.
CoNGKSTioN OF THE Abdomrn, Cocliaemia — Ci
of the Brain, Stethaemia — c. Cerebrule, Cephalo-
haemia — c. du Cerveau, Cephaloh«mia — c. of the
Lungs, Stethaemia — c. des Ponrnons, Stcthajmia
— c. Sanguine ruchidienne, IlypcrmyelidiipmiiU
CONGEST'IVE, Gongesti'vus, (F.) Coiigettif.
Belonging or relating to, or affected with, con-
gestion— as 'congestive fever.'
CoNGKSTivE Fkveu, scc Fcvcr, congestive.
CONGLACIATIO, Congelation.
CONG L0'BATE,Coii</fo6a'<i(«, from coiij'olart,
CONGLOBiS
28 3
CONOID
fron, and rflobvn, 'a ball,') 'to collect,' 'to gather
into n hall.' (F.) Vomjlobe.
CoNca.oBATK Gland, Glnn'ihda con'jhthn'ta,
Ifi/(lni<lrii, O'tnliiite ijlniid, Lt/tiiphat'tc yitn'ylion,
(F.) (Ildiiile Coiifjlobee, Gmiijlion ii/mphatiqiie.
A roiiiiil l)i>dy, formed of lymphatic vessels, con-
nected together hy cellular structure, but having
neither a cavity nor excretory duct. The me-
senteric, inguinal and axillary glands are of this
class.
CONOLOn:^, Conglobate.
CONULOM'ERATE, Gonfjlomera'tm, from con,
and ijlomcrare, glomerutuvi, 'to gather in a heap.'
(Iloin'ernle, Glomera'tiw, (F.) Cou<jlo7Her6, Heaped
together.
Concji.om'eratf, Glands, Glan'dxdcE cnuglome-
ra'im seu vaHcido'sa, are those whose lobules are
united under the same membrane; as the liver,
kidney, testicle, &c.
CONGLOMERATIO INTESTINORUM, Epi-
ploce intestinalis.
COXtJLUTINANTIA, Congelativa.
COXGRES (F.), Congress, Cimgrea'sne, from
riiiigredi. coitgresstis, {con, and (jroili, 'to go,') 'to
go together.' This terra, which has often been
used synonymously with Coition, means, also, the
ocular proof, formerly ordered by judicial au-
tliority, in the presence of surgeons and matrons,
to test the im|)otence or capabilities of parties; —
n most unsatisfactory and indecent exhibition.
It was forbidden by the Parliament of Paris in
the year TOO".
COXGRESSUS, Coition.
CONI YASCULO'SI, Cor'pora pijramida'lia
testis. Conical bundles, formed by the vasa efife-
roiitia of the testis ; having their base towards
the epididymis, into the tube of which they enter.
CONIA, Kovia. A wine, pre()ared by ferment-
ing the must of the grape on tar previously washed
ill sea-water. — Ortila. See, also, Conium, and
Lixivium.
CONIASTS. Incrustation.
CONICIXE, see Conium.
CO XII FOLIA, see Conium — c. Semen, see
Conium.
CO.VfrNE, see Conium.
COXINE, see Conium.
CONIOSTOSIS, Pulverization.
COX IS, Pulvis.
COXISTKRIUM, Apodyterium.
COXI'UM, C. miicida'tnm, Abi'otes, Corian'-
drum mnrii/a'tiim, Cicnta major seu niticuld'tii sen
Sloerhii seu terres'tris seu major foe'tida seu vid-
gn'ris, Common or Poison Hemlock, llendock,
J'oisnn pnrslej/, Spotted parsley, (Sc.) Hiunloik,
(F.) eigne ordinaire, C. graiide ou officinale.
Ord. Uinbellifera;. Se.r. Syst. Pentandria Digy-
nia. The leaves, Coni'i Folia, and seeds, Coni'i \
Semen, are narcotic and poisonous in an over- j
(lose. Light destroys the virtues of the leaves ;
and, therefore, the powder should be kept in
opaque bottles, well corked. It has been used as
n palliative in cancer and other painful affections ;
but is not ecjual to opium. Externally, it has
been applied in fomentation to cancerous and
scrofulous ulcers. Dose, gr. ij to x.
Its active principle is Coni'a, Conine, Coniine,
Coneine, Conicine, Ciciitiiie. It, or its salts, have
been given as sedatives to the nervous centres
in various neuralgic and spasmodic diseases. It
is a most energetic poison.
Da'ridson's Remedy for Cancer is said to con-
sist of powdered lieinloch and arseninns acid.
CoNUM MosniA'TirM, Aracacha. A very agree-
able and nutritive kind of tuberous vegetable, in
flavour not unlike celery, which grows on the
coast of Peru, but is mor« abundant on the pro-
jecting ridges of the Cordilleras, and on the east-
ern declivity of the Andes. It is cooked by being
either simply boiled in water, or made into a kind
of soup. — Tsehudi.
COy.IONCTI VE. Conjunctiva.
COXJOXCTIVITE, see Ophthalmia— c. Blen.
i)orrha(ji</i(e, see Ophthalmia.
COXJLGAISON, Conjugation.
CON J UGA'TION, Conjuga'tio, from eonjiigare,
conjugatum, (con, and jugum, 'a yoke,') 'to yoke
together.' {¥.} Conjugaison. Assemblage, union,
— Conjn'ginm.
Co.njugatio'nis Foram'ina, (F.) Trona de eon-
jngaison. The apertures at the sides of the spine,
formed by the union of the notches of the verte-
brae. They give passage to the nerves of the
spinal marrow, and to the vessels which enter or
issue from the vertebral canal.
COXJUGIUM, Coition, Conjugation.
COXJUNC'TI (MORBI), from conjnngere, {con,
and jungere, jtnicturn.) 'to join together.' Dis-
eases joined together. Authors have distin-
guished two kinds of these: one, in which the
diseases go on simultaneously — morhi connex'i ;
the other, in which they succeed each other ^
viorbi conseqiien'tes.
CON.JUNCTIO, Articulation.
CONJUNCTIVA, CUTICULAR, Xerophthal-
mia—c. Granular, Trachoma.
CoNJlTNCTi'vA Membiia'na, Circumcaiila'h'a,
Epipeph'yvos, Tii'niea agna'tn SCU adna'ta seu
coujuneti'va, Tunda oc'ti/i, (F.) Conjonctivc, Mem-
brane adnee. A mucous membrane, so called
because it unites the globe of the eye with the
eyelids. It covers the anterior surface of the eye,
the inner surface of the eyelids, and the canineula
lacrymalis. It possesses great general sensibi-
lity, communicated to it by the fifth pair.
CON.JUXCTIVITIS, Ophthalmia — c. ^gyp-
tiaca. Ophthalmia, purulent — c. Rlennorrhagica,
see Ophthalmia — c. Catarrhalis, Ophthalmia,
catarrhal — c. Gonorrhoica. see Ophthalmia — c.
Puro-mucosa catarrhalis. Ophthalmia, catarrhal
— c. Puro-mucosa contagiosa seu ^gyptiaca, Oph-
thalmia, i)urulent.
COXJIINtiEXS, Communicans.
CONNATE, Conna'tus, (F.) Conne, from con,
and natus, 'born with.'
Connate Disea.si;s, (F.) 3laladies connees,
Morbi conna'ti, are such as an individual is bora
with : — connate having the same signification as
congenital. A difference has been made by some,
however; those diseases or conditions which are
dependent upon original conformation, being
called congenital; — whilst the diseases or affec-
tions that may have supervened during gestation
or delivery, are termed connate.
CONNE, Connate.
CONNECT'ICUT, MINERAL WATERS OF.
There is a mineral spring at Stafford, in this State,
twentj'-four miles from Hartford, which has ob-
tained more celebrity than any one in New Eng-
land. Its principal ingredients are iron and car-
bonic acid. It, consequently, behmgs to the
class of acidulous chalybeates. There are other
springs in the State, of which, however, little that
is accurate is known.
CONNECTIVE TISSUE, Cellular tissue.
COXNERVATIO, Svndesmosis.
CONNEXIO OSSIUM CARNOSA, Syssarco-
sis — c. Cartilaginea, Synchondrosis — c. Ligamen-
tosa. Syndesmosis.
CONNUTRI'TUS, Syn'trophos, from con,
'with,' and ynitrior, nntritnm,'io be nourished.'
A disease is so called which has grown up, as it
were, with an individual, or has been connate
with him. — -Hippocrates, Galen.
CONOID, Cono'i'dens. ConoY'des, from Kuvoy, 'a
cone,' and ctios, 'shape.' (F.) Cono'ide. Resem-
bling a cone.
CONOIDAL SUBSTANCE
234
CONSONANT
Conoid Lig'ament, Lignmeu'tum cono'i'JeB. A
ligament, ^liissing from the coracoid process to the
scapula, and forming part of the coraco-clavicular
ligament of some anatomists.
CONOIDAL SUBSTANCE OF THE KID-
NEY, see Kidncv.
CONOIDES CORPUS, Pineal gland.
CONOPHTHALMIA. Staphyloma cornese.
CONQUASSANT, (F.) Coiiqtiati'mi)s, from co7i,
'with,' ' together,' and quasaare, 'to shalte.' Dan-
lenn cniiqiiansrnites are the pains of parturition,
at the time of their greatest intensity, when the
head is engaged in the pelvis.
CONQUASSA'TION, Conqunssn'tio, Qitnssn'-
tio, Qiiansatii'ia. Same etymon. A pharmaceu-
tical operation, which consists in dividing, with
a pestle, fresh vegetables, fruits, &c. See Con-
frication.
CONQUASSATIONES ANIMI, Affections of
the mind.
CON QUE, Concha.
CON'SCIOUSNESS, DOUBLE. A somnam-
bulistio condition, in which the individual leads,
as it were, two lives, recollecting in each condi-
tion what occurred in previous conditions of the
same character, but knowing nothing of the
occurrences of the other. See Duality of the
Mind.
CONSECUTIVE, C»i,«eriiti' v,w, ^rom con,
'with,' and aequor, Keciiliii, 'to follow.'
CONSECUTIVK PhIONOM'bNA OR SYMPTOMS, (F.)
PhcntDiieiies ou a'^cideim connecntifn, are such as
appear after the cessation of a disease, or, accord-
ing to others, during its decline; but without
having anv ilirect connexion with it.
CONSENSUAL, see Instinctive.
CONSENSUS, Consent of parts, Sympathy.
Conskn'sus Oculo'rum. The intimate asso-
ciation between the two eyes, as exemplified in
their consentaneous action in health, and often in
disease.
CONSENT OF PARTS, Oomen'sxis, Cnvoen'-
sus par'tlnm, Si/i)iprrthi'n, from con, and nentire,
senium, 'to feel;' (F.) Consentenieiit des Parties.
That relation of different parts of the body with
each other which is more commonly denominated
sympathv-
GONSENTEMENT PES PARTIES, Con-
sent of parts.
CONSERVA'TION, Cunserva'tro, Phylax'iii,
from coiiservnre, (con, and servare, ae.rvntum.) 'to
preserve :' (F.) Connervntioii, Aimervation. The
art of preserving any object of pharmacy, any
remedial agent, &c.. from decay.
CONSER'VA, Conserve, (F.) Conserve, Elec
tiiaire simple, SucchiirolS nioii. Same etymon.
A pharmaceutical preparation, composed of a
vegetable substance and a sufficient quantity of
sugar beaten into a uniform mass. See Confec-
tion.
CoNSERVA Abstn'thii, C abm'n'fhii mnrit'imi,
Connerve of Wormviood. (Lenven Ibj, anrjnr Ibiij.)
It has been employed as a tonic, stomachic, and
vermifuge.
CoxsERVA AsiYGnALARUM, Confectio amygda-
la rum.
CoNSERVA ANOEi/rc^.fPh. V .)Con9erve d' Ange-
h'qiie, C. of Anqp/'icn. (Pulp of root 250 parts ;
uhifc sugar, boiled in a <Ieooction of the root,
and reduced to the consistence of a solid electu-
ary, 1000 parts.) It is tonic, aromatic, and sto-
machic.
CoNSRRVA DE A'pio Graveolen'te (Ph. P.),
Conierve d' Ache, Conierre of Smiil/age. Prepared
like the preceding. Reputed to have the same
properties.
CoNSERVA Art. Conaerv; of Arum. {Fresh
root tt)ss, augnr Ibiss.) Esteemed to be diuretic
and stimulant.
CoNSERVA AruANTii, Confectio aurantioram—
c. Cassia', Confectio cassiae — c. Citri aurantii,
Confectio aurantiorura.
CoNSEUVA CocHI.EA'RIjE IIoRTEN'siS, Connerve
of Lemon Scurri/ Gntus. [Leaves ft)), sug<ir Ibiij.)
Reputed to be stimulant and antiscorbutic.
Co.NSKRVA CORTICIS EXTKRIOHIS AfllAXTII
HispALENSis, Confectio aurantiorum — c. Curti-
cum aurantiorum, Confectio aurantiorum c.
riorum rosarum rul)rarum, Confectio rosie (Jiil-
lioa3 — c. Cynosbati, Confectio rosio cauiiiic — c.
Cynorrhodi, Confectio rosiu caninse — c. ]''iavi'fli.
nis corticis aurantiorum Jlispalensium, Cuiilutiio
aurantiorum.
CoNSERVA liV'.^Vi.JR, C. Folio'rnm lii'jida; C,,,,.
serve of WoodsorreL (Lenres tbj, sugur lljiij.)
Gratefully acid and refrigerant.
CoNSERVA Menth^E, C MeuthcB folio' mm. 0.
ilfenfhtji Sdti'vm, Conserve of Mint. [LeaveK ll)j,
sugar ftiij.) Stomachic in nausea and Vdinitiii;;.
CoNSERVA PrIINI SvLVES'tHIS, C. l'nni(P Htjl
vestris, Pu/pn pruno'rum syl ves'trium vdiiili'lii.
Conserve of Sloes, (Pulp 1 part, sugar 'A parts,)
Possessed of astringent properties.
CoMSERVA Ros.*;. Confectio ros£o Gallica; — p,
Rosa? caninae, Confectio rosaj caninie — c. Ro.^^aj
fructfls, Confectio rosaa caninae — c. Rosa; (Jalli-
caj. Confectio rosae Gallica;.
CoNSERVA SciT,I,/K, Conserve of Squill. (Fresth
squills ^j, sugar .^.x.) Possesses the diuretic and
other virtues of the squill.
CONSERVE, Consorva, see Confectio— p.
d' Ache, Conserva de apio graveolento — c. of
Aloes, Conserva pruni sylvestris — c. of Lcmim
scurvy grass, Conserva cochlearine hortensis — c.
of Mint, Conserva menthie — c. of Orange, Con-
fectio aurantiorum — c. of Roses (red), Conffclio
rosae gallicEe — c. of Smallage, Conserva de apio
graveolente — c. of Woodsorrel, Conserva lujulte
— c. of Wormwood, Conserva absinthii.
CONSER VES. Spectacles.
CONSIDEN'TIA. i'rom considere, {rni> ami
sedo) 'to settle.' This word has two accepta-
tions. 1. It is synonymous with Apocata>ita<iii!,iiui
means restoration or cessation, and the suhsiding
of a humour, as thearine ; and 2. It signifies con-
traction of anv cavity or canal: — See >Synezitii5.
CONSISTE'N'TIA, Cousistere, (con and sirien)
'to stand still.' A term employed in two senses.
1. When joined to the word Morbi or yEtntis. it
expresses the acme of a disease, or the nge at
which the constitution has acquired its full
strength. 2. By Consistcn'tia humo'ris is meant
the densitv of a humour.
CONSOLIDA MA.JOR, Symphytum — c. Me-
dia, Ajuga, Chrysanthemum leucanthciruini — c.
Minor, Prunella — c. Regalis, Delphinium eonso-
lida — c. Rubra, Tormentil — c. Saracenica, Soli-
dago virgaurea.
CONSOLIDAN'TIA, Consolidati'va Mcdicn.
men'ta, from con, and solidus, solid. Substance.",
formerly given for the puri)o.se of consolidating
wounds, or strengtliening cicatrices.
CONSOLIDATIVA, Consolidantia.
CONSOMME (F.), Consumma'tum, from oow-
snmmo, (con and sunima) ' I add together,' Zmiuis.
Soup strongly charged with gelatin, and con.«e-
quently very nutritious, although not propmtion-
ablv easv of diirestion.
CONSOMP TION, Consumption
CONSONANCE, see Sound.
CON'SONANT, Con'somins, from cojmoho. 'to
sound together,' (co», 'with,' and «r>»o, 'to sound.')
because it is generally believed that a consonant
cannot bo prof)crly expressed, except when con-
joined with a vowel. Physiologically, a breath,
or sound produced in the larynx, which suffers
more or less interruption in its passage through
the vocal tube.
CONSORTIUM
2 35
CONSULTATION
CnX.^OKTIUM, Rympnthv.
Cf)\SOr/f)E. OR'A.XDE', Symphytum.
CON'SOUNl). MIDDLE, Ajuga.
CONSl'EUSIO, Ciiiiipasina.
CONSlMCILIiA, Spectacles.
COXSPIRATIO. Svinpathv.
rONSTELLA'TUM UNGUEN'TUM. An
ointinoiit composed of cleansed earthworms!
dried and pulverized ; and of the fat of the bear
or wild lioar. It vvas fonnorly employed in tooth-
ach, iind to hasten tli(! ciciitrization of wounds.
COXSTEKNA'riO. Stupor.
cnX'STIPATEI), Voii^tlpri'tun, iProv.) Mfiw-
hnnuil, (F.) Odimti/t/i ; same etymon as the next.
AflVct.d with constipation; Costive; Bound, liel-
lyh'iiiii'l.
CnXSTIPATIO, Constipation, Stegnosis.-
CONSTIl'A'TION, Cmxtlpn'tto, from conKti-
jirirr, {ran and ktipare, Htipatiiiii,) ' to cram close.'
Olistip'i'tto, Ailnlrir.'tio. Ai-clii'tio, ObHtipri'tio seu
Jlflcti'llo ali'I'ii", [Kr!ioci>i'liit, Alviin astric'ta seu
ailxlrii-'tii seu tnrfin seu tlnrn seu Hff/nis, Oh-
Ktnir'tto seu SiipprcR'nio nlri. 0. DiictuH nlimen-
in'ril, 0. iiitexliiKi'lin, Torpitr iiitentiiio'nim, Sti/p-
«/«, C'limtipfi'lin alri, Coprnn'tniiia, Arnp'iin,
Arnpiii'siH, Cdprriepls'vhfuh, hvlidCnp' ria, DijHcoi'-
liii, (V.) Kchiiii(fcme\)t, Ventre resxerrp, Cmit'ive-
iirHH, F(pi'(tl Helen' t ion, Aluhie obnfrnction. A
ftiite of the bowels, in which the evacuations do
not f:ike place as frequently as usual ; or are in-
ordinately hard, and pxpcllcd with difficulty. It
may he owini; either to diminished action of the
muscular coat of the intestines, or to diminished
secretion from the mucous membrane, or to both.
Ciithiirfics will usunliy remove it; after which
its exciting and prcdisponont causes must be
inquired into and obviated, to render the cure
permanent.
COXSTIPATUS, Constipated.
CONSTTPJS, Constipated.
COXSTITUENS, Vehicle, see Prescription.
COXSTITUTIO, Constitution, Habit of body
— c. Aeris, Conslitnti(jn of the atmosphere — c.
I'pidernica, Constitution, epidemic — c. Nervosa,
Nervous diathesis.
COXSTITU'TION, Conxtltn'tin, Catas'la^h,
S'nfiin. from rnn, and uliiluere, from ntnre, ' to
stand.' A collection of several parts, forminc^ a
whole. In medicine, ConHtitntiou means the state
of nil the organs of the human body considered
in regard to their special .ind relative arrange-
ment, order, or activity. A ijood cnnxtitntian is
one in which every organ is well develoyied, and
ciuliiwed with due energy, so that all perform
their functions with equal facility. Any want of
equililirinm in their development and energy
forms a difference in the constitution. We say
that a man is of a (jood or mlnnit, a dr/icote or
trealc cniiilitnlirin, when he is commonly healthy,
or commonly labouring under, or unusually sus-
ceptible of, disease.
CoNSTiTCTiox, AitTRRiAT.. PlothoM artcriosa.
Con'stitc'tion of rni-: At'mosi'Hrre, Consli'tn'-
t!() A'rn'H, (F.) Conxtitiition AlmoHpIierlqiie. The
condition of the atmosphere, as regards dryness
nnd humidity, temperature, heaviness, direction
of the winds, itc, considered as respects its in-
fluence on the anininl economy.
CoNsTiTi'Tioy, Epinr^M'lc, Consfi'fii'tio epidem'-
ir«. .Mcd'ifiil CinixtitHlion, (F.) Coimlitiition me-
dirnlr, C. fpidemiiine. The aggregate of meteor-
ological conditions, so far as they arc appreciable,
during which diseases prevail epidetnically.
COXSTITU'TIOXAL, (F.) Con>,t;int>onnel.
Beloniriiiij to the constitution of nn individual ;
to his manner of being ; as otinntilntiriiinl phthish,
c. (/out. Ac. I^y some, this epithet has been
given to diseases, produced by the constitution !
of the atmosphere; but this acceptation is not
common.
CONSTRICTEUR D'HERBINEAUX, see
Serre-nopud.
CONSTRICTEUR DE LA VUI VE, Con-
strictores cunni — edit V<if/in, Constrictores cunui.
CONSTHICTIO. Astriction, Systole.
COXSTRICTIVA, Styptics.
CONSTRICTOR, from conslrinr/ere, (con, and
Hti-inrji-re. Ktrictniii.) 'to bind.' (F.) Conntiicteiii:
That which binds in a circular direction. A
sphincter. Difierent muscles are so called.
Co.NSTRicTOR Ani, Sphincter ani externus — e.
of Nuck, Compressor of Nuck.
Constrictores Alarum Nasi, Depressor alije
nasi.
Constricto'rks Ciin.vi, C. Vngi'nm seu VidrcB,
Clitor' idis iiiferxo're.s hiti et pluni mim'culi,
Sphincter Vagi'ncs, (F.) Constricteurs du vmjin,
C. de In Vnbie. Small muscles which originate
beneath the clitoris, descend along the sides of
the vagina, and terminate by becoming con-
founded with the transvKtHua perincBi and exter-
nal Kphincter ani muscles. Their use is to con-
tract the entrance of the vagina.
Constrictores Isthmi Faucium, Glossosta-
phylinus.
Constuicto'res Laryn'gis. Lieutaud describes,
under the name Grand conntrieteur dn Lurifux,
the muscle Crico-arytenoideua lutera'lis with the
Thyrii-aryfeniiideuH,
Constrictores Nasi, Compressor naris.
Constrictor QSsoph'agi, Constrictor of the
G'Juoph' orpin, (F.) Const ricteur de V (EsoplKKjf,
ilnscie o'sophaf/ien. A fasciculus of tlesliy, cir-
cular fibres, at the upper part of the oesophagus.
Coxstiuctoues Oris, Orbicularis oris — c. Pal-
pebrarum, Orbicularis palpebrarum.
CoNSTRKJTo'ltES Piiarvn'giS, Constrictors of
the Phnriprj-, Sj/hincter Gii/a. Muscular expan-
sions which assist in forming the parietes of the
pharynx. Three of these are generally admitted.
1. The Constric'tor Plinryn'yis infc' rior, Crlvo-
phorynijcus and Thyro-phoryiiijcns, (F.) Crivo-
thyro-phorynyien. It is broad, very thin, (|uud-
rihiteral, seated superficially, extending from the
thyroid and cricoid cartilages as far as the middle
of the pharynx, and uniting, on the median line,
with that of the opposite side. 2. The Coiistridor
Pharynijis Ife'diiis, Hyo-pihnryngeus and Chon-
dro-phfiryngena, Syndes'nio-pharyngeiis, (F.) Ifyo-
ylosso-biisi-pharytii/icn, occupies the middle ))nrt
of the pharynx. It is triangular, and attached
anteriorly to the great and little cornu of the os
hyoides; to the stylohyoid ligament; and termi-
nates, posteriorly, by joining its fellow of the
opposite side. 3. The Constrictor Pharyngis su-
pr'rior, Ccph' alo-phary»gnns, Glossn-phnryiigens,
Jfy/o-phari/ngens, Ptcr' ygo-pharyngeus, (F.) I'tc-
rygo-syndesnio-stnphili-phoryngien, is quadrilate-
ral, and extends from the internal ala of the
pterygoid process, from the inter-maxillary liga-
ment, from the internal oblique line of the jaw,
and from the base of the tongue to the posterior
part of the pharynx.
The constrictors of the pharynx contract it.
They can likewise approximate the ends to each
other. Chaussier considers those and the stylo-
pharyngciis as but one muscle, and includes all
under this last name.
Con.strictores Vagina, C. cunni — c. Vulva>,
C. cunni.
CONSTRTNGFNTIA, Astringents, Styptics.
CONSUETUDO. Habit— c. .Menstrua, Menses.
CONSULTANT, Consulting physician or sur-
geon.
CONSULTA'TION, Consuha'tio, Delihera'tio,
Cwnolog"ia, Conten'tio, Sytnholeu'sis, from connu-
lere, consuUum, ' to hold council.' This word has
CONSULTING niYSICIAN 2 3 0
CONTINUED FEVER
a€?er!il acceptation?. In English, it means, al-
most always, the meeting of two or more practi-
tioners, to deliberate on any particular case of
disease. In France, it signifies the written result
of such deliberations, as well as the opinion of a
physician, given to a patient, who consults him,
either personally or by writing.
COXSULT'INO PHYSICIAN or SURGEON,
(F.) J/edccinou Cln'rurz/ieii consultant, Consultant.
One who consults with the attending practitioner,
regarding any case of disease. Some physicians,
surgeons, and accoucheurs confine themselves to
consulting practice.
CONSUMMATUM, Consomme.
CONSUMMA'TUS, from con,cnm, 'with.' and
giinnnvn, 'the whole.' Confirmed; established;
developed, — as Phthisis consumma'ta, 'confirmed
consumption.'
CONSUMP'TION, from conaumere, (con and
snmere, suniptum,) 'to w.aste away;' Consnwp'tlo,
Consuni'tlo, Sjjntex'is, Wasting, Wearing, (P.)
Consoinplion. Progressive emaciation or wasting
away. This condition precedes death in the
greater pnrt of chronic diseases, and particularly
in phthisis j)nlmonalis : on this account it is, that
phthisis has received the name consumption — See
Phthisis. Fiivre de Consomption, Consumptive
fever, is the same as Hectic fever.
Consumption of the Bowels, Enterophthisis.
Consumption, Gal'loping, Phthisis acu'ta, (F.)
Pthisie galopante ou aigue. Phthisis pulmonalis,
which rapidly runs through its course to a fatal
termination.
CoNSUM-PTioN, Pulmonary, Phthisis pulmo-
nalis.
CONSUMPTI'VA. Same etymology. Caus-
tics, used for the destruction of fungi. Burnt
ulum, lunar caustic, &c., were formerly so called.
CONSUMPTIVE, Phthisicus.
CONSUMTIO, Consumption.
CONTABESCEN'TIA, from contabescere, (con
and taheseere,) 'to grow lean.' Consumption,
marasmus, atrophy, Ac.
CONTACT, Contac'tns, from con and tangcre,
tnctum, ' to touch.' The state of two bodies that
touch eiich other. In the theory of contagious
diseases, we distinguish immediate or direct con-
tact, as when we touch a patient labouring under
one of those diseases ; and mediate or indirect
contact, when we touch, not the patient himself,
but objects that have touched or emanated from
him. The air is, most commonly, the medium by
which this last kind of contact is effected.
COXTA'GION, Conta'gio, Contn'ges, Conta'-
yinni, Ajmrrhoe'n, Apoc'rysis. Same etymon.
The transmission of a disease from one person to
another by direct or indirect contact. The term
has, also, been applied, by some, to the action of
miasmata arising from dead animal or vegetable
matter, bogs, fens, <fec., but in this sense it is now
abandoned. Contagious diseases are produced
either by a virus, capable of causing them by
inoculation, as in small-pox, cow-pox, hydropho-
bia, syphilis, Ac, or by miasmata, proceeding
from a sick individual, as in plague, typhus gra-
vior, and in mensles and scarlatina. [?] Scrofula,
phthisis pulmonalis, and cancer, have, by some,
been esteemed contagious, but apparently with-
out foundation. Physicians are, indeed, by no
means unanimous in deciding what diseases are
contagious, and what not. The contagion of
jilague and tj^phus, especially of the latter, is
denied by many. It seems probable, that a dis-
ease may be contagious under certain circum-
SJances and not under others. A case of common
fever, arising from common causes, as from cold,
if the patient be kept in a close, foul situation,
may be converted into a disease, capable of pro-
ducing emanations, which may excite a similar
disease in those exposed to fhcm. Contagion and
infection are generally esteemed synonymous.
Frequently, however, the former is applied to
diseases not produced by contact; as niensles,
scarlet fever. [?] etc., whilst infection, (Prov.) .Smi'/,
is used for those that require positive contact; ns
itch, syphilis, <fec., and conversely. Discuses,
which cannot be produced in any other way thai;
by contagion, are said to have their origin in
specific contagion ; as sniall-pox, cow-pox, uicn-
sles, hydrophobia, syphilis, <fec. Those which
are produced by contagion, and yet are sup])oscd
to be sometimes owing to other causes, are said
to arise from common contagion ; as typhus, cyn-
anche parotido^a, &c.
CONTA'GIONIST, (F.) Contagioniste. One
who believes in the contagious character of a par-
ticular disease, — as of yellow fever.
CONTA'GIOUS, Contogio'sus, (F.) Contngieux.
Capable of being transmitted by mediate or im-
mediate contact, Commu'ni cable, — as a contaqi-
oua disease, contagious fever, contagions e[fl(ivin,
&c. Comtnonly, the epithet infectious, (Prov.)
Taking, Smittle, Catching, is applied to those that
are communicated by immediate contact, as itch,
syphilis, Ac.
CONTAGTUM, Contagion, Miasm.
CONTEMPLABILES DIES, Critical days.
CONTEMPLATIF, (F.) Contemplati'vns, (.con
and templum.) Appertaining to contemplation.
The predominalit idea of the melancholic — of
the monomaniac — is sometimes called contem-
plative.
CONTEMPLATIO, Catalepsy.
CONTEMPLATIVUS, Contemplatif.
CONTENSIO. Tension.
CONTKNTIO, Consultation.
CONTEX'TURE, Conte.rtu'ra, Contex'tns,hom
con and texere, (quasi tegaere, from tegere, 'to
cover,') textum, ' to weave,' 'to make a web.'
Arrangement of parts ; — texture. A name given,
metaphorically, to the structure of organized
bodies ; as the contexture of muscles, fibres, &c.
See Tissue, and Texture.
CONTIGUITY, DIARTHROSIS OF, sec Con-
tinuity.
CON'TINENCE, Continen'tia, from continere,
(con and tenere, ' to hold or keep,') ' to contain
oneself;' 'to restrain.' Restraint. Abstinence
from, or moderation in, the pleasures of physical
love.
CONTINENS, Continent.
CON'TINENT, Con'tinens. Restrained. This
word is synonymous, also, with Contimied; (F.)
Coiitinu.
Continent Cause, Causa conjunc'ta, is a cause,
real or presumed, which having given rise to a
disease, continues to act during the whole of its
duration. It may be considered synonymous
with proximate cause. A continent fever, Fehris
ctintincns, is one which preserves during its whole
course, the same degree of intensity, without any
remission or sensible exacerbation. A disease
which continues uninterruptedly, has been also
called yEipathei'a, Acipathei'a or A'irtathi'a,
CONTINENTIA, Continence.
CONTIN'UED FEVER, Febris contin'nn seu
con'tinens seu anabat'ica seu assid'ua. A fever
which presents no interruption in its course.
Continued fevers form a division in the cI.tss
Pyrexia of Cullen, and include three genera, —
Si/nocha, Stjnochus, and Ti/phns. It is proper to
remark, that some of the older writers make a
distinction between the continual fever, nvvcxiu
febria continna, and the synochus or febris cnnti-
nena. Thus, Rhases states that the synochus or
contincns is a fever, which consists of one pa-
roxysm from beginning to end ; whilst the coiifi-
nua is allied to intermittents.
CONTINUITY
237
CONTROSTIMULUS
CONTINU'ITY, Continn'ltas. An adhesion
of two tliiiifjs between each other, so that they
cannot be .separated without fracture or laceration.
CoNTIMJlTY, DIARTIIKO'SES OF, (F.) Dldrthronea
de C'liitiiiiiit^, are movable joints, in which the
bones are continuous, but do not touch imme-
diately, there being between them a ligamentous
eubstiuice, whose flexibility permits motion. The
vertebral articulations arc examples of this. Di-
AiiTiliiosKS 01'' CoNTiou'iTV, DiaitliroHes de Cun-
tii/niif, on the other hand, arc movable articula-
tions, ill which the bones are not continuous, but
touch by surfaces covered with a cartilaginous
layer, which is always moistened by synovia.
CoNTiNnirv, LiosioN of, see Continuity, Solu-
tion of.
CoNTiNi'iTV, SoLUTroN OF, Solu'tio contiii'iii, is
any division of parts, previously continuous.
Wound.-' and fractures are so/iitioiii of contiiiuiti/.
The word Ci/utiuiiiti/ is opposed to Coatitjuitij : the
latter moaning the condition of two things which
arc near each other, or touch without uniting.
There is conlifjititti between the head of the hu-
merus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula, but
not foiiiiuiiitif.
A le'nion ('/ contlnu'ity, Lcr'hio contin'u'i, is a
destruction of continuity caused by disease.
CONTOXDANT, Contunding.
CONTORSIO, Contorsiou — c. Columnae verte-
bralir', llhacliiostrophosis.
CONTOll'SIOX, Cuntor'tio, from eontorqiieo,
{con and torquere, tortum, 'to wring,') 'I twist
about.' Violent movement of a part, accompanied
with a kinil of torsion, twist or cast; as contortion
of the fiice.
CONTUAAPERTU'RA, from eonfm, 'against,'
and (tperin, ' I open.' A counter-opcnin;/ ; Con-
tra-inriii'io, lucin'io prio'ri oppo'»ita, (F.) Cantre-
ouverliire. An incision, made in the most depend-
ing part of a wound or abscess, when the first
opening is not situate in a manner favourable for
the discharire of the pus.
COXTU.VKXTENSIO, Counter-extension.
CONTK-VC'TILE, Uontrac'tilis, from contra-
here, [cun and tr(thcre., tractum.) 'to draw to-
gether.' Capable of contracting. The fibre of
muscles is rontrijcti/e, ^
COSTnACTlLITE, Contractility— c par De-
fantd' I'li-l nisi (III, Elasticity — c.(/e7V«.sM, Elasticity.
CONTH.\CTIL'ITY, Contractu' itas : same ety-
mon ; (F.) Coiitraclilite. That vital property,
which gives, to certain parts, the power of con-
tracting. The muscles of locomotion are endowed
with a power of t:olinitari/ contractiiiti/, or one
dependent iinincdiately on the action of the brain :
— the muscles of the viscera of digestion, and
other internal organs, enjoy an involuntary con-
trrictilili/. Contrnctiliti/ and irritability are fre-
quently used synonymously to signify the pro-
perty possessed by any tissue of contrnctiny on the
ttpplieation of an appropriate stimulus.
CoxTR.U'Tii.iTV, Irritability.
CONTR.VrTin.Contraction—c.Cordis, Systole.
CONTU.\C'TION, Cnntrnc'tio. Same etymon;
Syn'tiile. Action of contracting. When we speak
of the contniction of a ninsc/e, we mean the phe-
noraonon it exliibits during the time it is in action.
C0XTR.\CT01l UTERI, Abortive.
CONTRACTU'R.\. Same etymon. Acnmp'sia,
Enta'siu artictiln'ria, liiyor ur'tunm, Muscular
Stiff-Joint, (F.) Contracture. A state of perma-
nent rigi<lity and progressive atrophy of the flexor
muscles, which prevents the motions of extension
beyond a certain limit. The affected muscles
form hard cnrds beneath the skin. On dissection,
they are found converted into tendinous fibres,
the fleshy fibres having almost disappeared, when
the disease has been of any duration. It suc-
ceeds, fretiuently, other diseases, particularly
rheumatism, neuralgia, convulsions, syphilis, co-
lica pictonum, &c. The warm bath, vapour bath,
or thermal waters, oleaginous embrocations, me-
chanical extension of the limbs, &c., are the chief
means of treatment.
CONTRAFISSU'RA, from contra, 'against,'
and Jindere, Jinxum, ' to cleave ;' liepercue'xio, Jic-
son'itus, Catutj'ma Fisnura contraja'cena, Apeche'-
ma, Anticom'ina, Antic'oj>e, Auticru'sis, Anticrun'-
nia, Infortu'nium, Counterstrohe, (F.) Contre-conp,
Contre-fente, Coutre-fracture. A fracture, contu-
sion, or injury, produced, by a blow, in a jiart
distant from that which is struck. Five species
of contraJiKniircs or coutre-coups may occur in the
skull. 1. When the internal table yields and
fractures. 2. When the bone breaks in any other
part than the one struck. .S. When a bone, which
has been struck, remains uninjured, and its neigh-
bour is fractured. 4. When the bone is fractured
in a place diametrically opposite to that struck,
as in fractures at the base of the cranium, from a
fall on the vertex; and lastly, when the vidlence
of the blow produces a separation of the neigh-
bouring or distant sutures. These fractures of the
skull are also called Fractures par resoniiaiice.
CONTllAHENTIA, Astringents, Styptics.
CONTRAINCISIO, Contra-apertura.
CONTRAifNDICATIO, Counter-indication.
CONTRAIRRITATIO, Counter-irritation.
CONTRALUNA'RIS, from contra, 'against,'
and lun((, 'the moon.' An epithet for a woman
who conceives during the menstrual discharge. —
Dietrich.
CONTRASTIMULANS, Contro-stimulants.
CONTRAYERVA, Dorstenia contrayerva— c.
Balls, Pulvis contraj'ervoB eonipositus.
Co.NTUAYEiiVA, LisBON, Dorstenja contrayerva
— c. Mexican, Psoralea pentaphylla — c. Nova,
Psoralea pentaphylla — c. Virginiana, Aristolochia
ser[)entaria.
COXTJiECOVP, Contra-fissura.
CONTREKXTEXSION, Counter-extension.
COX TR EFEX TE. Contra-fissura.
CONTREFRA CTUUE, Contra-fissura.
COXrUElXDICA TIOX, Counter-imiication.
CONTREO UVER TURE, Contra-apertura.
COXTRERO/SOX. Antidote.
CONTRESTIM I 'LISME, Controstimulus.
COXTRESTIMl'L US. Controstimulus.
CONTREXEVILLE, MINERAL WATERS
OF. Contrexeville is a town in France in the
department of Vosges, four leagues from Xeuf-
chfiteau. The waters contain carbonate of iron,
chloride of calcium, and carbonate of lime, chlo-
ride of sodium, a bituminous substance, and free
carbonic acid. They are freciuented by those la-
bouring under cutaneous, scrofulous, and calcu-
lous affections.
CONTRIT"IO, Si/ntrim'ma, Syntrip'sis, Tri-
tu'ra, Tritus, Trit"io. Tripsia. from contero, ' I
bruise or make small :' Commiiin'tion, Trituration.
C 0 N T R 0 S T I M'UL AN T, Contrast in,' uhnis,
Hyposthen'ic, from contra, ' against,' and stinnilus,
' that which excites.' A substance that iMX-^sesscs
a particular, debilitating property, acting upon
the excitability in a manner opposite to stimulus.
A name given to therapeutical agents, which, ac-
cording to the Italian theory of coutro-siiniulus,
are endowed with the property of diminishing
excitement by a specific action. These agents
are by no means clearlv defined.
CONTROSTIM'ULUS or CONTRESTIMU-
LUS, DOCTRINE OF, (F.) Contreatin.u/iawe.
Same etymon. The name given by Rasori, about
thirty years ago, to a new medical doctrine, of
which he was the originator — La nuova JJottrina
Medica Italiana. It is founded on the contro-sti-
mulant property attributed to a certain number of
CONTUNDING
288
CONVOLVULUS
medicines. In this doctrine, as in that of Brown,
under the name e.rcilabiliti/, a fundamental princi-
]ile of physiology is iidniitted, by virtue of which
living beings are endowed with an aptitude for
feeling the action of external agents or exciting
influences, and of reacting on these influences.
AVhen this excitability is too great, there is excess
of stimulus or Hi/perstheiti'a : when too little,
there is deficiency or Hi/pnKtheui'a. Diseases,
(jenernl and l<jc«l, are divided into three great
classes, or into, 1. Hyperst/icuic ; 2. HypoHthenic ;
?>. Irritative. The contro-stiraulant physicians
admit only two classes of medicines — atiiiiuhtnts
and oiitro-ntiriiKlaiits.
CONTUND'ING, Coiitii'sing, Contitn'deiia, from
eontnndere, [con and titiit/ere, tusuni,) 'to bruise.'
(F.) Contondaiit. TliMt wbich causes contusions.
An epithet given to round, blunt, vulnerating pro-
jectiles, which bruise or lacerate parts without
cutting them.
COX TVS, Contused.
COXTUS, Penis.
CONTU'SED. Same etymon as Contunding.
(F.) Contus. Affected with contusion. Thus we
say — a coiitnied woinid.
CONTU'SION, Coiitii'sio, Brniae, (Prov.) Doke,
Collin' io, Phl'ixma, Thlnxis, Thlas'ma, Th.contu'-
sio, Rhef/p, Jihegtiirt, Ji/ier/rini'), Famex, Fumis,
Famix, (F.) Meurtrisnure. Same etymon. An
injury or lesion — arising from the impulse of a
body with a blunt surface — which presents no
loss of substance, and no apparent wound. If
the skin be divided, the injury takes the name of
contused wound. The difl'erences of contusions,
as to extent, are of course infinite. When slight,
the blood stagnates in the capillaries of the skin,
or is efinsed into the subcutaneous areolar tissue.
Time and cold applications remove it. When the
texture has been lacerated, there is eff"usion of
blood, with more or less torpor in the part af-
fected. Cooling applications, general or topical
bleeding, emollients, poultices, <feo., are here ne-
cessary, according to circumstances. In the
severest kinds of contusion, all the soft and solid
parts, except the skin, are bruised, and, at times,
reduced to a kind of pap. When the disorgani-
zation is to this extent, there is no hope except
in amputation. A deep contusion of the soft
parts has been called Sarcotli'lasis, and Sarcoth-
las'mn.
Contusion, Wind, see Wind of a Ball.
CONUS ARTERIO'SUS, Infandih'ulum of the
heart. The portion of the right ventricle from
which the pulmonary artery proceeds, fortns a
prominence on the right side of the anterior fur-
row of the heart, and is prolonged towards the
left, becoming narrower at the same time, so as
to form a funnel-shaped projection, which ex-
tends a little beyond the base of the ventricles.
This is the Conus arteriosus.
CoN'US Vasculosits, see Coni Vaseulosi.
CONVALES'CENCE, Convalcscen'tia, Ana-
Ipp'sis, Anas'tnsis. Becouvnlescen'tia, from conva-
lescere, [con and valescerc) 'to grow well.' Ex-
anns'trnphe. Recovery of health after disease.
The time which elapses between the termination
of a disease and complete restoration of strength.
COXVALLARIA ANGULOSA, C. polygona-
tinn.
CoNVALLARIA Canalicula'ta. Poli/go'natum,
cnnalicnla'tuni seu Inti/o'linm, Great iSolomon's
Seal ; and Convallaria vvTi^W cf.-h^., Pol ijrjo' natum
pubes'eens, Smaller Solomon's Seal: indigenous.
A decoction of the roots is said to be cathartic,
diuretic, and diaphoretic.
Coxvali.a'ria Maia'lis, from convallis, 'a
valley,' — from its abounding in valleys. Lil'inm
Couval'liiim, Convalln'ria, C. mappi, Mainn'the-
mum, LIbj of the Vallei/, Jlaij Lilj, (F.) Mut/uet,
Muguet de Mai. The recent flowers are repiitDd
to be aromatic, cephalic, errhiuc, and catburtic.
They are not used.
Convallaria JIappi, C. Maialis.
Convalla'ria Multiflo'ra, PoJijyo'nfiium
multijlo'rum, which grows in this country and in
Europe, has analogous properties.
Convalla'ria Polygo'natu.m. The systema-
tic name of Sidomon's Seal, Couvalta'riu aiitjii-
lo'sa, Polyijo'natuin unijio'rum seu anccj>s scu v\d-
</a.'re, Siyil'lum Saloino'nis, Polij</o'ii(iluin, (F.)
Sceau de Salomon, Gcnonillct. The root was once
used ns an astringent and tonic. It is, also, a re-
puted cosmetic.
CONVEXTIIS, Coition.
CONVER'SION, Gouver'sio, from con and t-er.
tere, versum, 'to turn.' Change from one state
into another.
Conversion op Diseases, (F.) Conversion tits
maladies, is the change or transformation of ono
disease into another.
CONVOLU'TION, Convoln'tio, from convohcre,
[con and volverc, rotutnm) ' to entwine;' Epispha'-
rion, Gyrus, Nelif/'mus, (F.) Circonvolutlvn. Tho
rolling of any thing upon itself.
Convolu'tions, Ckr'kbral, Gyri scu Plicutn'-
r(B seu Spiral seu Proces'sus entero'i'dei seu Iiites-
ti'nula Cer'ehri, are the round, undulating, tor-
tuous projections observed at the base of tho
brain. In them Gall's organs, of course, ter-
minate.
Convolu'tion, Inter'nal, C. of the Corpus
Cidlo'sum, Convolution d'Ourlet (Foville). A
cerebral convolution of great extent, the princi-
pal portion of which is found on the inner surliico
of each hemisphere above the corpus callosum.
In front it bends downwards and backwarils to
the fissure of Sylvius, and behind, it extends to
the middle lobe and forms the hippocam])us innjor.
Convolu'tions, Intks'tinal, are the turns
made by the intestines in the abdomen.
Convolu'tion, Supra-or'bitar. A convolu-
tion of the brain, which exists on the inferior
surface of the anterior lobe, and rests upon tho
roof of the orbit.
CONVOL'VULUS, from convolv,;re, [con and
volvere) 'to entwine.' Ileus, lutussuseeptio.
Convol'vulus Bata'tas. Same etymon. 0.
In'dicus, Carnotes ; the Sweet Potato, Spanish
Potato. (F.) Palate. Ord. Convolvulacea». This
is the only esculent root of the genus Convol-
vulus. It is much eaten in the United States.
Convol'vulus Cantab'rica, Cantub'rica, La-
vender-leaved Bindweed, has been considered an-
thelmintic and actively cathartic.
Convolvulus Indicus. C. Batatas.
Convol'vulus Jala'pa. A systematic name,
generally thought to be the Jalap plant, which
is, properly, Exoyo' nium purya, Jponice'a Jula-
pa seu purya seu Schiedea'na seu rnacrorhi'za.
Jala'j^ijim, Jalo'pa, Mechoaca'na iiiyra, Jidap-
pn, Jalapa, Jalap Boot, Gialappa, Xohippu,
Bryo'nia Mechoacan'u iii'yricans, Bryo'nia Pe-
ruvia'na, Cliela'pa, Rhahar'barnm Niyriim,
Gelap'pium, (F.) Jalap, is produced from South
America. Its odour is nauseous; taste swcetLsh
and slightly pungent. It is solid, hard, heavy,
brittle ; fracture, resinous ; internally, light gray ;
externally, covered with a deep brown, wrinkled
bark. Its operation is cathartic, tho resinous
part griping violently. Dose, 10 gr. to J^ss. A
drop or two of any essential oil may prevent it
from griping. An active principle has been sepa-
rated from Jalap, to which the names Jalopin
and Cathartin have been given.
An inferior kind, called liyht. fusiform or «»«/•
jfdap, is yielded by Ipomw'a seu Convol'vnhii
Orizaben'sis, I. batato'i'dis scu Mcstitlan'ica, which
grows near Orizaba and Alestitlan, in Mexico.
CONVULSE
3 9
COOSTRUM
CoNvoLvri.ng Major Albi:s, Convolvulus se- [
jiiiim — c. Miiriliuius, Convolvulus solJaiiella. I
C 0 N V O l.'V U L U S MkCIIO'aCAN, J/evlioaca'nCB
Kddi.r, Jiildjj'pil (ilbd, Rlt(tb(ir'li(iruvi album, Pip-
tunleijiit I'lHo'iiin, Mevhuiican, Jitivncit, (F.) lilia-
hdibi; ou JUnibfiibe bUnicke ou den /tides, Jtilfip
bliiiic, Jlii/oue d'Aiiierii/ue. A Mexican convoi-
vulu.s, the root of which possesses aperient pro-
jierties, and was once extensively used instead of
jiiliip. !See Batata de purga.
Ci>NVoi,viiLi;s Mkgalohiiizus, C. Panduratus.
CoNVOLVrM^s Js'lL, I}i(HH(t'ii nil, Blue 3l(irtii>i(j-
'jliiii/. An East Indian plant, naturalized in some
of tlie AVestern States. The seeds are sold in
Calcutta as a cathartic. The roots have the same
jiri))Krties.
CoNVoLvi'Liis Operculatits, see Batata de
ljur;;a — c. Orizahensis, see Convolvulus Jalajia.
Coxvol'vuh'S Panpuka'tus, C. 3/egaloihi'-
ziis, pHiiitld-mcvhoucii' na, FiddU-leared Jiiiid-
■11 fed, Jfni/ Potato, Virginian Bindweed, Wild
J'dla'to, Mech'umeck, 31. Bindxceed, Wild Jalap,
Man ill the (/round, Man of the Enrth, Wild Jihii-
biirh, Wild Potato -Vine, Kansau'de'-, A'annti'der,
Kiiniander, (¥.) Lineron JIfechainec. In Virginia,
and some other parts of the United States, the
root of this plant has been much recommended in
Ciises of gravel. It is used either in powder or
decoction.
Convolvulus Pkrbnnis, Humulus lupulus.
Convolvulus pes Ca'pRjE, Bartjada. A
plant used in India as a cataplasm in arthritic
CJISCS.
Convolvulus Repens, C. sepium.
Convolvulus Scammo'nea seu Scammo'nia,
C. tSyriavits. The systematic name of the Scam'-
mniiij Plant. A Syrian and Mexican plant; the
concrete gummi-resinous juice of which, Scam-
iiio'iiia, SeanimonieB Giiiiiriii Beni'na, iSeanimoninm,
S. Si/riaentii, JJiafjryd'ium, Dacri/dioti, Seavimo-
»//, Molimoudy, {F.) Scanimonee d'Alep, comes to
us in blackish-gray fragments, becoming whitish-
yellow when towhed with wet fingers. It is a
drnstie, hydragoguo cathartic. Dose, gr. iij to
gr. XV, triturated with sugar.
Convolvulus, Ska, Convolvulus Soldanella.
Convol'VULUS Se'pium, Convolvulus major
alhus seu repens seu Tugurio'rum, Calyste'gia
sr'jiium, Great or Hedge Jlindweed, (F.) Lineron
(lis Jlaies, Grand Lineron. The juice of this
plant is violently purgative, and is given in drop-
sical affections.
Convol'VULUS Soi.danel'la. The systematic
name of the Sea Convolvulus, Convol'vulus Jlarit'-
imus, Jtras'sica jUari'na, Cali/ste'gia Soldanella,
Sea ISindiceed, Soldnnel'la, (F.) Choti Marin.
The leaves of this plant are said to be drastic ca-
thartic ; but they are not much, if at all, used.
CoNVOLvrns Syuiacus, Convolvulus scam-
nioniii — c. Tuguriorum, C. sepium.
Convol'VULUS Tuupe'thum, Turpe'thum. The
syslemalie name of the Turbith plant. (F.) Ita-
ciiic de Turbith. The cortical part of the root of
(liis species of convolvulus is brought from the
East Indies. It is a cathartic, but not used.
CONVULSE, Convulsed.
CONVUL'SED, Conrul'sns, (F.) Convulsi.
Paine etymon as convulsion. Affected with con-
vulsions.
COXVULSIBILITAS.seeSubsultustendinum.
COSVULSIF, Convulsive.
CONVULSIO, Convulsion — c. Canina, see
Canine laugh.
Convul'sio Cerea'lis, Convul'sio ah Usti-
lai/iiie seu Solonien'sis, Ergotis'mus spnsmod'i-
ciiH, Mi/rmeci'asis, 3fi/rmecias'mu8, Jn/rmecia'mus,
Mi/ruieco'sis, Ce'real Convulsion, (F.) Conrnlaion
cerfaie. Ergot isine convulsif, Convulsion de So-
logne. A singular disorder of the convulsive
kind, attended with a peculiar tingling and for-
mication in the arms and legs; hence called by
the Germans Kri e belk ran k h ei t. It is said
to be endemic in some parts of Germany, and to
arise often from the use of spoiled corn. See
Raphania.
CoNVULSio Habitualis, Chorea — c. Indica,
Tetanus — c. Raphania, Ka[ihania — c. Soloniensis,
C. cerealis. Ergotism — c. Tonica, Tonic Spasm —
c. Uteri, Abortion.
CONVUL'SION, Spasmus, Convul'sio, from
covvellere, {con and vellere, rulsum.) 'to tear, 'to
pull together;' Conduc'tio, Hieran'osus, Disten'tio
vervo'rum. Spasmus clon'icus, Convul'sio elon'ica,
Eclamp'sia, Syspa'sia Convul'sio, Hypersj/asm'ia,
Clonic Spasm. This word has several accepta-
tions. It weans any violent perversion of the
animal movements. The word Convul'sions ge-
nerally, however, signifies alternate contractions,
violent and involuntary, of muscles, which habi-
tually contract only under the influence of the
will. This alternate contraction, when slight, is
called tremor ; when strong and permanent, teta-
nus, trismus, &.Q. Spasms, Cramp, Ilisus Sardo'
nicus, and .SV. Vitns's Dance are convulsions.
Convulsion, Salaam', Eclamp/sia ?eu Spasmus
nutans. A name given to a singular kind of con-
vulsion in chililrcn, in which there is a peculiar
bobbing of the head forward. — Sir Charles Clarke.
COiWULSWN DE SULUGJS'E, Convulsio
cerealis.
CONVULSIONNAIRE (F.). A name given,
during the last century, to individuals who had,
or affected to have, convulsions, produced by re-
ligious impulses. The epithet was first given to
fanatics, who exhibited the most wonderful and
varied seizures, at the tomb of Paris, a Jan?enist,
who died in the year 1727, and was buried in the
cemetery of St. Mcdard. Some of these wero
called Sauteuses or Jumpers, of whom there have
been examples in more recent times : others, from
barking like a dog, were called aboyeuses ; and
others, from mewing lil;e a cat, miaulantes.
A form of convulsion, induced by religious
frcnz}', has been vulgarly called the "jerks," and
the gymnastic movements of the Shakers may be
placed in the same category.
CONVULSIONS OF CHILDREN, Eclampsia
— c. (les Enfans, Eclampsia — c. des Femnies en-
ceintes et en couches. Eclampsia gravidarum et
parturientium — e. Puerperal, Eclampsia gravida-
rum et parturientium. See Mania, dancing.
CONVUL'SIVE, Convulsi' vus, Spasmo'des,
Agitato'rius, (F.) Convulsi/. That which is ac-
companied by, or is analogous to, convulsions, as
convulsive cough, convulsive disease.
CONYZA, Inula dysenterica — c. Bifoliata, Se-
ricocarpus tortifolius — c. Coma aurea, Solidago
Virgaurea — c. Major, C. squarrosa — c. Media,
Inula dysenterica — c. Pycnostacbya, Pterocaulon
pycnostachyum.
Cony'za Squarro'sa, C. 3fajor, Brephoc'to-
non, In'ula squarro'sa. Great Flcabane or Spike-
nard, {F.) Herbe au.v mouches. Ord. Compositae.
A European plant, whose strong and disagreeable
odour was formerly considered to be destructive
to flies, fleas. <&c. Its infusion in wine was once
used as an emmenagogue and anti-icteric; and in
vinegar as an anti-epileptic.
COOKERY, Culinary art.
COOLWEED, Pilea pumila.
COONTIE or COONTI, see Arrowroot.
COOPER'S WELL, see Mississippi, Mineral
Waters of.
COOPERCULUM OCULI, Palpebra.
COOPERTORIUM, Thyroid cartilage.
COOSTRUM. The middle part of the dia-
phragm. — Ruland.
COOT
240
COR
COOT, Malleolus.
COOTII, Ciiiarrh.
CUP A /It Eli, Copaiba.
COP AH I r, Copaiba.
COPA'IBA. The resinous juice of Copa'i/'cra
officliiu'/iii seu Jiicqiiiiii, Copnirci (ifficiHa'liii, and
otiier species of Copaifera; (F.) Cajxihler. Orel.
LeguiniiiosiB. Seu\ Si/nf. Decandria Monogynia.
It is the C'ipai/ercB offichin'lis Besi'na, llaVna-
miim Copiilbm seu Hrazil leii'ne seu de Copnibd sen
Capi'ci, B((liam of Copnibn or Copaiva, (vul-
garly pronounced cnpce'rij.) (F.) Copahti, liainne
cle Copahu, B. du Tiresil, Terihiuthe de Cupahn.
Its odour is peculiar, but not unpleasant ; taste
pungent, bittor; consistence, syrupy ; colour yel-
lowish, and transparent. It is soluble in alcohol,
ether, and the expressed oils. S. g. 0.950. Its
properties are stimulant and diuretic ; in large
doses it is purgative. It acts on the lining mem-
brane of the urethra, and on mucous membranes
in general. It is given in gonorrhoea, gleet, leu-
corrhcea, kc, in the dose of gtt. x to ^j, twice or
thrice a day. Should symptoms of urticaria or
diarrliwa arise, the dose is too large, and must be
diminished. It can be inspissated by means of
magnesia so as to be made into pills, and a plan
has been devised for enveloping it in gelatin, so
that its taste is entirely concealed. See Cap-
sules, gelatinous.
COPAIFERA JACQUINI, see Copaiba — c.
Officinalis, see Copaiba.
COPAIVA OFFICINALIS, see Copaiba.
COPAL', Copiile, Besi'na Copal, Gninmi cnpnl-
li'nuin. A resinous substance brought from the
East Indies, South America, and the western
coast of Africa, which flows spontaneously from
Elcp.ocnr'piis Copnlli/'erus, Vnte'ria Iiid'ica, and
probably from different species of IJipiiena'a.
Ord. Leguuiinosae. It is a stimulant like all the
resins, a-nd, dissolved in rectified spirits of wine,
has been used in cases of spongy gums and loose-
ness of the teeth ; but it is now only employed
in varnishes.
COPALCHE BARK, see Croton pseudo-china.
C0P-150XE, Patella.
COPE. Cut.
COP HO MA, Cophosis.
COPHONIA, Acouophonia,
COPHO'SIS, Copho'ma, CopVotes, Snr'ditaa,
Paftten'm'ii, Di/S(Bsthe'sia aitdi'to'ria ; from Kuxpo;,
'deaf.' (F.) Surdite. Diminution or loss of
hearing. Cullen uses the word synonymously
with Dyxecwd, and Pinel with Pmacou'sla or
Parac'tie. According to Sauvages, Cophosis dif-
fers from both, — from Dyaecaen, because in it the
sonorous rays cannot reach the labyrinth ; and
from Pfir((coiisia, which consists in a confused
state of hearing.
Cophosis seems, usually, to be synonymous
■with deafness, — Parnot'sis, Sur'ditas.
COPHOTES, Cophosis.
COPIOPIA, Copyopia.
COPOS, Lnssifii'do, Fatiga'fio, Lns'aitude, Fa-
tigue. A state of body in which most of the ani-
mal functions are e.xerted with less promptitude
and vigour than common. The ancients admit-
ted three species: 1. That arising from plethora,
Lassitn'do teiisi'va, tono'des; 2. From plethora
and increased heat combined, Lassiln'do phlffj-
mono'sa, (P.stiio'sn, phlegmono'des ; and, .3. Owin;'
to a morbid condition of the humours, Lassitu'do
ulcero'sa, helco'des,
COPPER, Cuprum — c. Ammoniated, Cuprum
aminoniatum — c. Ainmonio-sulphate of, Cuprum
ammoniatum — c. Rose, Papaver rhoeas — c. Sub-
acetate of, Cupri subacetas — c. Sulphate of, Cupri
sulphas — 0. Ammoniacal sulphate of, Cuprum
ammonlatum.
COPPERAS, Ferri sulphas — c. White, Zinci
sulpiias.
COPPER-NOSE, Gutta rosea.
COPRACRASIA, Scoracrasia.
COPRACRATIA, Scoracrasia.
COPKAGO'GUM, from Ko-npo;, 'faeces,' and
ayo), 'I bring away.' Sterols i prim is viis edit',
ceus. A cathartic. Tlie name of a laxative elec-
tuary, mentioned by Ruland.
COPRECCRITICUS, Coprocriticus.
COPREM'ESIS, C'ipriein'esis, Vum'itns fcem.
len'tits seu ster'coris: same etymon as the ne.\t.
Vomiting of fiBces.
COPREM'ETUS, Coproem'etiis, Copriem'elim,
JIferdiv'o/iuis, from xonpos, 'excrement,' and cuiui,
'I vomit.' One who vomits faces. — Uiiipocrates.
COPRIEMESIS, Copremesis.
COPRIKMETUS, Copremetus.
COPROCRIT'ICUS, Copreccrit'icus, from koit-
pos, 'excrement,' and Kptpui, 'I separate.' A mild
cathartic ; an eccoprotic.
COPROExMETUS, Copremetus.
COPROEPrsCHESIS, Constipation.
COPROLITHUS, see Calculi of the stomach
and intestines.
COPROPIIORESIS, Catharsis.
COPROPHORIA, Catharsis.
COPRORRIICEA, Diarrhoea.
COPROS, Excrement.
COPROSCLERO.MA, Coprosclerosis.
COPROSCLERO'SIS, from (coTT/ios,' excrement,'
and oKXripou), 'I harden.' Induration of f<ecal
matters ; Coprosclero'ma.
COPROSTASIS, Constipation.
COPTE, Copton, from Kovmi, 'I beat or pound.'
A sort of cake, composed of vegetable substances,
which the ancients administered internally, ami
applied to the epigastric region in the form of
cataplasm.
COPTIS, C. trifo'lia, Nigel'ln, Jlelleh'nrm
tri/o'-ljus, Fihra au'rea, Chn/za fibrau'ren, Anc-
mo'tie Griinlau'dicn, Gold thread, Mouth root ;
from KOTtTu), 'to cut,' in reference to the divided
leaves. The root of this evergreen — Coptis, (Pli.
U. S.)— is much used in Massachusetts, in apli-
thous and other ulcerations of the mouth, as a
local application. It is a pure bitter, and can be
used wherever such is indicated.
CoPTiS Teeta, Mishme Teeta (Upper Assam),
Honijlane (Chinese). The root of this plant is
considered to be a powerful tonic and stouiacbic.
COPTON, Copte.
COPULA, Ligament — c. Carnalis, Coition — c.
Cartilaginea, see Synchondrosis — c. Magna cere-
bri. Corpus callosum.
COPULATION, Coition.
COPYO'PIA, Copio'pia, Kopyo'pia, A'npio'pln
Ophthalmocopia, (F.) Lassitude oenluire, froia
KOTiOi, 'fatigue,' and u>\I/, 'the eye.' Fatigue of
vision. Weakness of sight. Inability of the
eye to sustain continued exertion.
COQ, Phasianus Gallus — c. des Jurdiiis, Tana-
cetum.
COQUE DU LEVANT, see Menispermum
coceulus — c. d'CEuf, see Ovum — c. ierant, see
Menispermum coceulus.
COQVELICOT, Papaver rhoeas.
COQUELOURDE, Anemone Pulsatilla.
COQCEUJCHE. Influenza. Pertussis.
CO(iUEN'TIA MEDICAMENT'A, from co-
quere, 'to digest.' Medicines which were for-
merly believed to be proper for favouring the
coction or digestion of food.
COQVEBET, Phvsalis.
COQUETTE, Influenza.
COQUILLE, Cochlea— c. d' (Euf, see Ovum.
COR, a corn. Also, Heart — c. Aortitura, .=ee
Heart — c. Arteriosum, see Heart — c. Buvinum,
CORACO
241
CORDOLIUM
Ilefirt, hypertrophy of the — c. Ilirsutum, Cor vil-
losuiii — c. Jli.'*pi(luiii, Cor villosuin — c. Pulmonale,
see Ilcurt — c. Taurinum, Heart, hypertrophy of
the — c. Tomcntosum, Cor villosum — c. Venosum,
see Heart.
Coit ViLLo'sUM, C. tomeiHo'suvt seu hlrsu'tnm.
seu III up' I (III in. The condition of the heart, at
times, lifter pericarditis, when it is studded with
projections of librinous matter from its surface.
COK'ACO. In composition, appertaining or
rcliitiii)? to the coraeoid process.
COKACOURACniyEUS, Coracobrachialis.
COR'ACO-BHA'CIIIAL, Cor' aco- 1] rack la' lis.
Belon};ing both to the coraeoid process and .arm.
Cohaco-IjUAchia'i.is (Muscle), Coracubrachi-
rs'us, Cdnico-liiiiiiend — (Ch.), Peifora'tus Casse'-
itil, Per/aratun, is situate at the inner and upper
part of the arm. It arises from the coraeoid
process of the scapula, and is inserted at the
middle pint of the inner side of the humerus. It
carries tiio arm forwards and inwards, raising
the hunicrus a little. It can, also, by acting in-
versely, (lepress the shoulder.
COKACO-CLAVIC'ULAR, Coraco-dnvicula'-
rls. Belonging to the coraeoid process and cla-
vicle.
CoiiACO Cr.AVicuLAR LiGAMENT — called, also,
Omo-vliiricnlur — serves to unite the clavicle to
the coraeoid process. It is very irregular, and
formed of two fasciculi, which the greater part
of anatomists have described as particular liga-
ments, under the nnmes Conoid and Trapezoid.
C0RA(^OI)i;S. Coraeoid.
COllACO-ilUiMERALIS, Coraco-brachialis —
c. Ilyoideiis, Omohyoideus — c. Radialis, Biceps
flexor culiiii.
COR'ACOID, CorncoVdeus, Coracoi'den, Cora-
co'den, from Kiipa^, KopaKog, 'a crow,' and ci^og,
'rcsemhlanec.' (F.) Coracoide. Resembling the
beak of a erow. A name given by Galen — and
still retained — to the short, thick process, situate
at the nnteriiir part of the upper margin of the
scapula, which has some resembhince to the beak
of a crow. I'rocens'un Coracoi'dciis seu nncina'-
tuK seu cornicida'ria seu anchora'lis seu rostri-
fnrm'is seu rnici/roi'den, Crow's hcak-like process.
This process gives attachment to the Coruco-cla-
vic'xdnr and Cornco-ncro'mial ligaments, and to
the Conieo-ltrachia'lis, Pectora'lis minor, and
Biceps muscles.
CoRAroiD Lig'ament, Ligrtmen'tinn coracoV-
deum, (f.) L. Coraco'idien. This name is given
to the small fibrous fasciculus, which converts
the notch, at the superior margin of the scapula,
into a foramen.
COR AIL, Coral — c. dcs Jardiiis, Capsicum
annuuin.
CORAL, Coral'linm, Coral'lus, Conrn'lium,
Arhor Maris, Aznr, Jiole'ais, from Kopcu), 'I adorn,'
and 'a,\s. 'tlie sea;' and, according to some, from
Kopri, 'a daughter,' and '«>$, 'the sea.' (F.) Cornil.
One of the most beautiful productions of the deep.
It is fixed to submarine rocks, in the form of a
shrub, and is of a bright red colour. It is the
habitation of a multitude of animals, of the Zoo-
phyta orcler, and is formed of a calcareous sub-
stance, secreted by the animals themselves. It
is in very hard, concentric layers ; covered, ex-
ternally, by a species of porous bark, full of
cellules, each of which contains one of these
animals. Linnanis calls the red coral, his nob'-
ilis, an<l i\r. de Lamarck, Coral'linm rnbnim. It
is much fislie<l for on the coasts of Barbary and
Sicily. Coral was formerly esteemed tonic, ab-
sorbent, astringent. Ac; but analysis has shown,
that it contains only carbonate of lime and a lit-
tle gelatin. — Dioscorides, Pliny, Oribasius, the
Oeopnnicn, &c. Cornlliiim albnm is a hard,
white, calcareous, brittle substance, the nidus of
1()
the Madrep'ora ocula'ta. It has been given as
an absorbent.
CORALLI'NA. Diminutive of Corallium :
Miiseus murit'imus, Corallina officinu'lis, lirion,
Corallina alba, Sea Cor'alline, White Worm-tceed,
(F.) Coralline blanche. The production of an
animal, which belongs to the class Pol'ijpi, and
which is found in all the seas of Europe; — par-
ticularly in the Mediterranean. It has the ap-
pearance of a plant, is homogeneous, an inch or
two in height, of a white, reddish, or greenish
colour, salt taste, and marine smell. It contains
gelatin, albumen, chloride of sodium, phosphate,
carbonate, and sulphate of lime, carbonate of
magnesia, silica, oxide of iron, and a colouring
principle. It was once much used as a vermi-
fuge ; but is not now employed. Dose, Jss to 3J>
in powder.
Corallina Cousica'na, C. rubra, Helmintho-
chorton, Helniiiithochort'um, Elminihochorton,
Muscus helminlhochortos, Melithochorton, 3fuscns
coralli'nns seu Mari'nns seu Cor'sicns, Con/er'va
Ileliiiinthochortos, Sphterococ'cus heliiiiiithochor-
tos, Giyarti'na seu Ploca'ria seu Fiiciis helmin-
thochorton, Coralli'na melitochortoii, Lemilhochor-
ton, Ceru'mium helminthochort'us, Corsican Worm-
weed, (F.) Coralline de Corse ou noire, Jfoiisse
de Corse. It is a mixture of several marine i)lants
and zoophytes, as the fncns, ceraminin, nha, co-
ralline, conferva, &c., and has gained great repu-
tation for destroying all kinds of intestinal worms,
when given in strong decoction. The (jeneva
Pharmacopeia directs an ofBcinal syrup — the
Sirop de Coralline.
COKALLTNE BLANCHE, Corallina — c. de
Corse, Corallina Corsicana — c. Noire, Corallina
Corsicana.
CORALLOIDES FUNGUS, Clavaria coral-
loides.
CORALWORT, Clavaria coralloides.
CORCULUM GERMINIS, see Molecule.
CORD, Fnnis, Funic' nlns, Chwnos, Cha-'nion,
;j^oii'oy, ^oiviov, from the Latin Chorda, which is
itself derived from yopir), 'intestine;' and, after-
wards, was applied to musical cords or strings,
made of the intestines of animals. See Chorda.
CouD, Spermatic, see Spermatic cord — c. Um-
bilical, Funiculus umbilicalis.
Couns, Vocal, Cords of Ferrein, ChordcB vo-
ca'les, Ch. Ferre'nii. A name given to the liga-
ments of the glottis, which Ferrein compared to
stretched cords, and to which he attributed the
production of voice. See Thyreo-arytonoid Liga-
ment.
CORD A, Chorda — c. Hippocratis, Achillis
tendo — c. Magna, Achillis tendo — c. Spinalis,
Medulla spinalis.
COIIDE DU TAMBOUB, Chorda tympani
— c. dn Ti/mpan, Chorda tympani.
CORDEE, Cbordee.
CORDIA AFRICANA, Sebestina— c. Domes-
tica, Sebestina — c. Myxa, Sebestina — c. Obliqua,
Sebestina — c. Sebestina, Sebestina — c. Smooth-
leaved, Sebestina.
COR'DIAL, Cordia'lis, Cardi'acns, from cor,
cordis, 'the heart.' A tonic or excitant medicine,
judged to be proper for exciting the heart. A
warm stomachic.
Cordial, Godfrey's, see Godfrey's Cordial — c.
Nervous, Brodum's, see Tinctura gentianaj com-
posita — c. Sir Walter Raleigh's, Confectio aroma-
tiea — c. Warner's, see Tinctura rhci et senna".
CORDIFORM TENDON OF THE DIA-
PHRAGM, Centre, phrenic.
CORDINE'MA, from xupa, 'the head,' [?] and
itrcii), ' I move about.' Headache, accompanied
with vcrti<;o. See Carebaria.
CORDIS EMUNCTORIUM, Axilla.
CaRDOLIUM, Cardialgia.
CORDOy
1A1
CORN
CORDON (Y.), FinuViiZns, diminutive of /i(iu"», j
'a cord.' A term applied to many parts, which
reseuil)le a small cord.
CORDON NEH VEUN, Ramus Nervo'mts. A
principal division of a nerve, or the nervous trunk
itself.
CORDON OMBILICALE, Funiculus umbili-
calis — e. Spermatiqne, Spermatic chord — c. Testi-
cuhu're. Spermatic chord.
CORDONS SUS-PUniENS, Bound liga-
ments of the uterus — c. Vasculaires, Round liga-
ments of the uterus.
CORDS, see Cord.
CORE, Pupil, see Furunculus.
COKEC'LISIS, An/cijloc'ore, Atrctops'in, from
Kopr), 'pupil,' and kXciu), 'I close.' Closure or
obliteration of the pupil.
CORECTOMIA, see Coretomia.
CORECTOP'IA, from Kopr,, 'the pupil,' «, 'out
of,' and Toiroi, 'place.' Displacement of thei)upil.
A condition of the iris in vrhieh one segment is
larger than the other; so that the pupil is not in
ihe centre. — Von Amnion.
COREDIALYSIS, see Coretomia.
CORE'MATA, from Kopcoj, 'I cleanse.' Reme-
dies proper for cleansing the skin. — Paulas of
/Egina.
COREMETAMORPHOSIS, Dyscoria.
COREMORPIIO'MA, same etymon as the next.
A morbid change in the shape of the pupil.
COREMORPIIO'SIS, Couforma'tio jmpill'cB
artljicia'lis, Cor'epla»ti/, from (copiy, 'the pupil,'
and /jLOfxpwat;, 'formation.' The operation for
artitic-iiil pupil. See Coretomia.
CORENCLEFSIS, from Kopn, 'the pupil,' and
(yKXciio, 'to include.' Operation for artificial
pupil, which consists in drawing out, through an
incision in the cornea, a portion of the iris, and
cutting it off.
COREON'CION, Coron'cion, Coreoyi'cium, from
Kopn, 'the pupil,' and oyKtvo;, 'a small hook.' An
instrument, used for the formation of artificial
pupil by Langenbeek. It is hooked at its ex-
tremity. A donble-hooked forceps, used by Von
Grafe, is similarly named.
COREOP'SIS TRICIIOSPER'xMA, Tkkweed
Hunjiower, Tickneed sunflower ; from Kopts, 'the
bug,' and oipn, 'resemblance.' An indigenous
plant, of the Composite Famtli/, with large golden
yellow rays, which flowers in September. It is
said to have been used as an alterative.
€OREPLASTY, Coremorphosis.
CORETODIALYSIS, see Coretomia.
CORETOMEDIALYSIS, see Coretodialysis.
CORETOM'IA, from Koprj, 'the pupil,' and
Ttfivuv, 'to cut.' Iridotom'ia, Coretotom'ia, Coro-
tom'ia, In'dectom'ia, Coretonectom'tn, Corectom'ia,
Iridodial'ysh, Corodial'ysis, Coredial'ysis, Core-
tndiiil'ysis, Coretomedial' yais, Iridotomedicd'ysis.
IridectomediaV ysis. Various operations for the
formation of artificial pupil are so termed. The
first four signify the simple incision of the iris
for that purpose ; the next three, excision of the
iris, or incision with loss of substance; the next
four the simple separation or tearing asunder of
the iris from the ciliary ligament; the ne.xt two
such separation with incision of the iris; and the
last such separation with excision of the part of
the iris detached. When a portion of the iris is
left strangulated in the wound, it is termed Iri-
deticlei'ais, Iridencleis'tnus, and Iridotenclei'sis.
CORETONECTOMIA, see Coretomia.
CORETOTOMIA, Coretomia.
CORIAN'DER, from koqh, ' the bug :' the smell
of the fresh herb resembling that of the bug. [?]
Coriandrum sativum.
CORIANDRUM CICUTA, Cieuta virosa— c.
Maculatum, Conium maculatum.
Cokian''dihjm SiTi'vujr, Corian'der, Coriaii'-
noti, (F.) Corintidre. Family, Umbcllifera). Ser.
S'yst. Pentandria Digynia. The seeds of Ihe co-
riander— Corian'druin (Ph. U.S.), Coriannon —
have an aromatic odour, and grateful, pungent
taste. They are carminative , but are chiefly
used to cover the taste of other medicines.
CORIANNON, Coriandrum sativum.
CORKJEEN, Fucus crispus.
CORIITIS, Cvtitis.
C0RINTI1I.\C.E, see Vitis Corinthiaca.
CORTON, Corium, Hypericum perforatum.
CORIS, Cime.x — c. Monspeliensis, Symphytum
Petracum.
CO'RIUM, Corion, (F.) Cidr. The skin of
animals is so called, especially when tanned.
The cutis vera, or the thickest part of the huiuini
skin.
CoRltiM Piilogis'ticum, Crueta plenret'icn .seu
inflnnimato'ria seu phloijis'ticn, Pcymiu, Iiijlam'-
matory Crust or Bujf, Biiffy Cunt, (P.) Cuiieiiite,
C. Plcuretiqite, C. Injiamnuttoire. The grayish
crust or buff, varying in thickness, observed oi)
blood drawn from a vein during the existence of
violent inflammation, pregnancy, Ac. It is par-
ticularly manifest in pleurisy, and hence one of
its names. For its production, it appears to bo
requisite, that there should be an increase in the
proportion of the fibrinous element of the blood
over that of the red corpuscles, with increased
aggregation of those corpuscles. Under such
circumstances, the buffy coat assumes a concave
appearance on its upper surface, and the blood is,
therefore, said to be cupped.
The buff is generally believed to consist of
fibrin; but, according to the researches of Mul-
der, it is composed of a binoxide of protein, which
is insoluble in boiling water, and a tritoxide which
is soluble. These oxides are comprehended by
him under the name oxyprotein.
When the blood presents the above appearance,
it is said to be huffy.
CORK, Suber.'
CORMIER, Sorbus domestica.
CORMUS. In botany, when the stem of a
plant, without creeping or rooting, is distended
under ground, retaining a round or oval form, it
is so called. The Cormus is vulgarly termed a
root, — radijc.
CORN, (Saxon corn,) (G.) Kern. In Eng-
land, tliis word means the Cerenlia, or those
seeds, which grow in ears, not in pods. In tlie
United States, Corn always means Indian Corn.
Its English sense corresponds to the French Blc
or Bled.
Corn, Clams, Clavus Pedis, EcpJiy'nia Claviif,
Gcmur'sa, (F.) Cor, Oijnon, from cormi, 'a horn.'
A small, hard, corneous tumour, which forms
upon the foot, generally on the toes; and is com-
monly produced on the most projecting parts, by
the pressure of too tight shoes. A part of thi;
corn is raised above the skin, and forms a round
tumour, like the head of a nail : the other por-
tion, which serves as its base, is buried more or
less deeply in the integuments, and occasionally
extends as far as the tendons and periosteum.
Corns may, sometimes, be removed, by immers-
ing the feet in warm water, but commonly they
return. They can, likewise, be destroyed by the
knife or caustic, or by paring them down and
pulling them out by the roots ; but these opera-
tions are not always as sim])le as they seem. In
the way of palliation, they must be constantly
pared ; and, for the purpose of preventing pres-
sure, any soft plaster, spread upon linen or leather,
may be applied, with a hole in the centre to re-
ceive the corn ; and layer after layer of plaster
be added, until they attain the level of the corn.
When very irritable, the lunar caustic, rubbed
I over the surface, will generally diminish irritabi-
CORXALIXE
4 3
C 0 R N U
lity surprisingly, and in a mode not easy of ex-
planation.
Corn, Zca mays.
Coitx Cockle, Lychnis githago.
ConN, Guinea, Panicum Italicum — c. Indian,
Zca mays — c. AVild, Matricaria cliamomilla.
CoKV Fi.AG, Gladiolus vulgaris — c. Flower,
Centaurca cyanus — e. Salad, Valeriana dentata.
Corn, Sqiiirukl, Dicentra Canadensis.
aORXAL/A'E, Cornelian.
COllXE, Cornu — c. d'Ammnn, Cornu ammonis
— c. de Ilellcr, Cornu ammonis — c. de Cerf, Cer-
viis, Cornu cervi, Coehlearia coronopus — c. de
Vhnmoin, Cornu rupicaj)r8B — c. Deicendante ou
ui/eneure da veutrlcule latSral, Cornu descendens
ventriculi lateralis — c. de la Peau, Cornu — c.
I'ltHtcrienre dit ventricide lateral, Cornu posterius
seu ])osticuiii ventriculi lateralis.
COIiXE, Corneous.
COIt'NEA, C. trwispa' rena seu pellu'cida seu
lii'cidd, Cerns, Selerot'ica cerfilo'i'dex, CeratoV des
.«eu Cerato'dcn uieinbra'na, Cerntome'ninx, 3fem-
hra'nn cornea; from cornti, 'horn.' The trans-
pnreiit cornea. (F.) Corn^e. One of the coats
of the eye, so called because it has some resem-
lilance to horn. It is termed trnmtpnrent to dis-
tinguish it from the opalce — Cornea opn'ca or
Sclerotic. It is convex, anteriorly ; concave,
jiostcriorly ; forming nearly one-fifth of the an-
torior i)art of the eye, and representing a segment
(if a sphere about seven lines and a half, or in.
0'()25 in diameter. It seems to be constituted of
himinse in superposition, but of the precise num-
lier anatomists are not agreed. Henle assigns it
fiur ; the third, a very solid cartilaginous lamella,
being called 3fembrane de Denioiirn or 3f. de Den-
crmet : see Aqueous linmour. Messrs. Todd and
Uowman assign it five layers.
CoitNRA, Conical, Staphyloma of the cornea —
p. Opake, Caligo — c. Opaca, Sclerotic — c. Sugar-
loaf, Staphyloma of the cornea.
CORNER, Cornea.
COIINEITIS, Ceratitis.
CORNEL, ALTERN.ATE-LEAVED, Cornus
nlternifolia — c. American Red-rod, Cornus sericea
— c. Largc-fiowered, Cornus Florida — -c. Panicled,
Cornus paniculata — c. Rouiid-leavcd, Cornus cir-
cinata — c. White, Cornus paniculata.
CORNE'LIAN, Came'lian, CJialeedo' nius,
Curne'olus, Lapin Carne'olus, Come' his. Come' ohm,
L'ipix Sard' inn, (F.) Comnline. A precious, semi-
tciinsparent stone, found in Sardinia. The an-
cients ascribed to it a number of absurd properties.
CORXELUS. Cornelian.
CORNEOLUS, Cornelian.
COR'NEOUS, Cor'tiem, Hornxj, (F.) Come,
from cornu, 'a horn.' Having the nature or ap-
jiearance of horn.
CouNROUS Tissue, Tela cor'uea, is that which
firms the nails. The corneous membrane is the
cornea.
COItNES DU CARTILAGE TfTYRO'/DE,
Corniiacartilaginis tliyroidea? — c. du Covn/.r, Cor-
liiiii coocysis — e. de l' Ih/o'ide. Cornua hvnidoi ossis.
CORXES DE Lf.UAgOX(F.), ShoHS Horn«.
A name given by Anel to the lachrymal puncta
aii<l ducts.
CORXES DE LA MATRICE, Cornua uteri
— c. de la Peon, Horny excrescences.
CORNESTA. Retort.
CORXET ACOUSTLQUE. Ear-trumpet — e.
M'lijcn, Turbinated bone, middle — c.de Morgagni,
Turliinated bone, superior.
CORXETS, Turbinated bones — c. de Berlin,
Sphenoidal cornua — c Sphenoidaur, Sphenoidal
cornua.
CORXWIIOX, SCO Cucurais sativus — c. rfe
Cerf, Cornu cervi.
CORNICULARIS PROCESSUS, Coraeoid
process.
CORNIC'ULUM, diminutive o( cornu, 'a horn.'
'a little horn.' A species of cupping instrument,
shaped like a trumpet, having a hole at the top
for sucking the air out, to diminish the pressure
in its interior. — Scultetus, Ilildanus.
CouNicuLUM Laryn'gis, Citpit'uluni Santori'ni
seu Laryn'yia seu Cartilatj"iniH aryteno'idea, Su-
pra-arijtenoid Car'tihufe, Car'tilage of Santorini.
A small, very movable, cartilaginous tubercle,
found on the arytenoid cartilages.
CORXIER, Cornus Florida.
CORNIFICATION, Racomissement.'
CORXINE, see Cornus Florida.
CORNOUILLER, Cornus Florida — c. d
FeuilleH arrondies, Cornus circinata — e. d Grandee
Jteurg, Cornus Florida — c. Soycux, Cornus sericea.
CORNU, Cerag, Com, Horn. (F.) Come. A
conical, hard, epidermous projection, which
grows on the heads of certain animals, serving
them as a weapon of offence and defence. Ana-
tomists have given this name to parts of the hu-
man body, which have nearly the same shape as
the horns of animals.
CoiiNU. A horny excrescence ; a corneous wart,
which occasionally forms on the skin, and requires
the use of the knife ; (F.) Come de In Pcau. — See
Corn. Also, Cornu Cervi. — See Cervus. Also,
a Retort.
CoRNu AcusTicuM, Ear-trumpct.
Cornu Ammo'.nis, C. Arie'tis, Hippocam'pua
major. Pes hippocam'pi major. Pes Ilippopot'ami
major, Protuberan'tia cylind'rica. Vermis Bom-
byc" Inns, Proces'sus cer'ebri latera'lis, (F.) Come
d'Ammott ou de Belier, Grande Hippocampe,
Pied de cheval marin, Protuberance cyh'ndro'ide
(Ch.), Bourrelet roule. A broad, considerable
eminence, curved on itself, and situate at the
posterior part of the lateral ventricle. Its sur-
face presents two or three tubercles separated
from each other by shallow grooves.
The Accesso'rias Pedis Hippocamp'i, (F.) Ac-
ccssnire du pied d' hippocampe, is a prominence,
usually formed by the base of the inferior cornu
of the lateral ventricle of the brain. It is merely
a fold of the hemisphere, and was by Malaearne
called Cuissnrt ou Armnre des .Tambes.
CoiiNU AxTERius seu AxTi'cusi Ventric'uli
Latrra'ms; Anterior Cornu of l!ie Laf'eral Ven'-
tricle. The portion of the lateral ventricle of the
brain, which is lodged in the middle of the lobe,
and forms the commencement of that cavity.
Cornu Cervi, Comn, C. Ccrvi'num, Cervi
El'aphi Cornu, Hartshorn, (F.) Come de cerf,
Bois de cerf, Comichon de cerf. The horns of
various species of the stag. They contain about
27 per cent, of gelatin. The Slxivings, Raspa-
tu'ra seu Rns'ura Cornu Cervi, 0. C. raspa'tum,
boiled in water, have, consequently, been es-
teemed emollient and nutritive.
Hartshorn Jelly may be made as follows: —
Hartshorn shatunys, ^vj ; boil in water Oiv to
Oij ; strain, and add, whilst hot, of lemon-juice,
two tablespoonfuls ; ichite sur/ar. ^v} ; and Sherry
wine, two glasses. A good nutriment for the sick,
where wine is not improper.
When burnt, the shavings constitute the Cornu
cervi calcina'tum, Cornu ustum, Phosphas Calcis,
Calca'ria phosphor' ica, (F.) Come de cerf calcinee,
Phosphate de chaux. which consists of bl'b per
cent, of phosphate of lime. It has been used as
an antacid, but is wholly inert, as its composition
would indicate. It contains only 1 per cent, of
carbonate of lime.
Phosphate of lime has also been given in osteo-
malacia, from a presumption that the disease is
owing to a deficiency of earthy matter in the
CORNUA
244
CORONARY
blood, which is doubtless an error — the fault being
in the agents of assimilation or the cells of nu-
trition. With as little propriety, it has been pro-
posed as an excitant to the healthy action of the
cells in tuberculosis.
Bijiip. earth is usually sold in the shops for burnt
hartshorn.
The Dublin Pharmacopoeia has a Calcis pTios-
phan prcBcipita'tiim, prepared by dissolving burnt
ox b'jiies in yiviriatic acid, and precipitating by
solution of ammonia. The dried precipitate,
called bone phosphate of lime, has no virtues not
possessed by the cornu ustum.
Hartshorn was once supposed to possess a be-
zoardic power.
CoKNU Cervinum, Cervus, Plantago corono-
pus.
Con\n Descen'dens Yentric'uli Latera'lis,
(F.) Come, descendnnte ou inferieiire du ventricule
lateral, Z>i;/"ital Cav'itjj, Descending or inferior
cornu of the lateral ventricle. The termination
of the lateral ventricle in the middle lobe of the
brain, behind the fissure of Sylvius.
Cornu Ethmoidal, Turbinat&rl bone, middle —
0. Middle, Turbinated bone, middle.
Cornu Postb'rius sen Posti'cum Ventrio'uli
Latera'hS, Cnvitas dirjita'ta, Posterior Cornu
of the Lateral Ventricle, (F.) Come ponterieure
du ventricule lateral. The triangular prolonga-
tion of the lateral ventricle of the brain into the
substance of the occipital lobe.
CoRNir Rupica'pRj*:, (F.) Come de Chamois.
The horn of the chamois. It has the same pro-
perties as the Cornu Cervi.
CORNUA, Turbinated bones.
CORNITACARTILAG"lNIsTHYRO'iDE^, (F.)Co)-nC»
du Cartilage lh;/roide. Eminences on the thyroid
cartilage, distinguished into great or superior,
which are articulated with the great cornu of the
OS hyoides ; — and into small or inferior, united
with the cricoid cartilage.
ConxuA Coccy'gis, Comna of the Coccyx, (F.)
Comes du Coccyx. Two small, tubercular emi-
nences at the base of the coccyx, which are
articulated with those of the sacrum.
CoRNUA Cutanea, Horny excrescences.
CORXUA HyoiDEI Ossis, Radi' ces oasis hyo'i'dei,
Cornua of the Hyoid Bone, (F.) Cornea de
I'hyo'ide. Four fragments of the os hyoides,
situate above the ))ody of the bone, and distin-
guished into the small or superior, and the great
or lateral.
CoRNUA Lacrymalia, Lachrymal ducts — c.
Limacum, Lachrymal ducts, sec Lachrymal
pun eta.
CoRNUA Sacra'lia, Comua of the Sacrum.
Two tubercles, situate at the posterior and in-
ferior surface of the sacrum, which are some-
times united.
CoRNUA, SniExoiDAL. see Sphenoidalia cornua
— c. Styloid, see Hyoides, os.
Cornua U'teri, Comua of the U'terns. CcrcBce,
Ktpaiat, Plec'taneB, (F.) Comes de la Jfatrice. The
angles of the uterus, where the Fallopian tulies
arise. Sometimes applied to the Fallopian tubes
themselves.
CORXUE. Retort— c. Tuhulee, see Retort.
CORNU.MUSA. Retort.
CORXUS ALTERNIFO'LL\,yl?<«rnrr?e-?e«»erf
Cornel; imligenous. Nat. Ord. Cornacese. The
bark is one of the "Shaker medicines," being
considered diaphoretic and astringent,
CoRNUs Amomus, C. sericea — c. Blueberried,
C. sericea.
CORNUS Circina'ta, 0. tomento'aa. Round-
leaved Cornel or Dogwood, (P.) Cornouiller dfeu-
illea arrondies. Order, Cornacea?. The bark of
this variety has been used for similar purposes
with the next.
CoRNUS Flok'ida, Dogwood, Dogtree, Doxtree,
Bitter Redherry,Large-JloweredComcl,MaleG real-
flowered Dogwood, Florida Dogwood, Virginian
Dogwood, Boxwood (Xew England), (F.) Cor-
nouiller, Cornier, C. it grandcs Jleurs. The bark
of this beautiful tree, which grows everywliero in
the United States, has been long employed as a
substitute for cinchona. Dose, from ,^ss to Jj.
Its active principle has been separated from it,
and received the name of Cornine.
CoRXus Femina, C. sericea — c. Mas oilorata,
Lanrus sassafras.
CoTtNUS Panicula'tA, Pan'icled or White Cor-
nel or Dogwood, indigenous, has been used as a
substitute for Cornus Florida.
CoRNus Rdbiginosa, C. sericea — c. Sanguinca,
Sebestina, C. sericea.
Cornus Seri'cea, C. amo'mus seu fe'minn sen
ruhigino'sa SCU Sangnin'ea, Swamj) Dogwood,
Red Willotc, Rose Willow, New England Dog-
wood, Female Dogwood, Silky-leaved Dogwood,
American Red-rod Cornel, Red-rod, Red O'eier,
Blueberried Dogwood, Blueberried Cornus, (F.)
Cornouiller soyeux. The bark, it is said, hns
been found little inferior to Cinchona Pallida ia
intermittents. — Barton.
CoRNus ToMENTOSA, C. circinata.
CORNUTA, Retort.
CORODIALYSIS, see Coretomia.
COROLLA INFUNDIBULIFORMIS, see
Tube, Fallopian.
CORONA, Crown — e. Ciliaris, Ciliary body —
c. Dentis, Crown of a tooth — e. Glandis, Crown
of the glans— c. Posterior ulnae, Olecranon.
Coro'nA Ra'dians, Ra'diating Crown of Reil.
Fasciculi of white fibres radiate in all directions
from every part of the surface of the optic thala-
mus, excepting its inner side, which is free and
corresponds to the third ventricle; the anterior
of these fibres pass directly forwards, the niiddla
fibres outwards, and the posterior backwards,
forming the coro'nn ra'dians.
Corona Regia, Trifolium melilotus — c. Ulnss,
Olecranon — c. Veneris, Crown of Venus.
CORONiE CILIARIS MEMBRANULA, Cili-
ary zone — c. Palpebrarum, see Tarsus.
CORONAD, see Coronal Aspect.
CORO'NAL, Curona'lis, Corona'rius. Relating
to the croton ; from corona, ' a crown.' A name
formerly given to the frontal bone, because on it
partly reposes the crown of kings.
Coronal Aspect. An aspect towards the
plane of the corona or crown of the head. Coro-
nad is used adverbially to signify 'towards the
coronal aspect.' — Barclay.
CoRONAr^ Suture, Sutu'ra corona'lis, S. Froiito-
parieta'lis, Piippis Sutu'ra, S. Arcua'lis. The
suture of the head, which extends from one tem-
poral bone to the other, over the crown of the
head, and unites the parietal bones with the
frontal. The Suture Coronale of the French
anatomists is the suture vphich unites the two
halves of the os frontis at the early period of life.
It is a prolongation of the sagittal.
CORONALE, MINERAL WATERS OF.
These waters are found near Lucca, in Italy.
They received their name from an erroneous
notion, that they are particularly adapted for
curing diseases of the os frontis. Their tempe-
rature is 95° Fahrenheit. They contain free
carbonic acid, sulphates of lime and magnesia,
chlorides of sodium and magnesium, itc, and
some iron.
CORONARIUS, Coronal.
COR'ONARY, Corona'rius, (F.) Coronnire,
from corona, 'a crown.' Resembling a crown.
Cor'onauy Artery of the Stomach, Arte'ria
Corona'ria Ventric'uli seu Gas'trica supe'rior,
(F.) Artcre coronaire etomachique, A. Stomognt-
COROXCION
24 5
CORrORA STRIATA
triqne (Cli.), is one of the branches of the coeliac,
which passes towards the superior orifice of the
stomach, extends along its lesser curvature, and
ends hy anastomosing with the pyloric branch
(if the hepatic. This artery furnishes branches
to the inferior part of the oesophagus, the cardiac
orifice, the great ciil-cle-sac, the middle part of
the stomach, the lesser omentum, and anasto-
moses with the other arteries of those organs.
CoHoNARV Ligament of the liver is a reflection
of the peritoneum, which surrounds the posterior
margin of the liver. The same term is likewise
applietl to ligaments which unite the radius and
ulna.
Coronary Plexus of the HEAnr. The ante-
ri'nr and posterior coronary plexuses of the heart
are derived from the anterior and posterior car-
diac plexuses. See Cardiac Plexus.
CiiHONARY Plexus op tub Stomach. This
l)lexus of nerves is given ofi' from the upper part
of the solar plexus.
Coronary Sinus of the Heart, Sinus, coro-
nary, venous — c. Sinus of llidley, Sinus corona-
riiis.
Coronary Tendons, Ten' dines corona' rim.
The fibro-cartilaginous rings at the orifices of the
coronary arteries and aorta.
Coronary Vein of the Stojiach, Vena Coro-
iin'viii Ventric'uli, accompanies the artery, and
terminates in the vena porta. Siiinmering, and
some other anatomists, call all the four arteries
of the stomach Coronn'rice Stomach' icce.
CORONCION, Coreoncion.
CORO'NE, from opwv;;, ' a crow.' The coro-
noid process of the lower jaw.
COR'ONOID, Corono'i'dcs, from icopiiivtj, 'a,
crow,' and eiioi, 'shape,' 'resemblance.' Re-
sembling the beak of a crow. The name has
been given to two processes. One, situate at the
anterior and superior part of the ramus of the os
inaxillare inferius, and affording attachment to
the temporal muscles : the other, called, also,
shiirp process, situate at the superior part of the
ulna, anterior to the great sigmoid fossa, and
forming a part of the hinge of the elbow-joint.
CORONOPODIUM, Plantago coronopus.
CORONOPUS, Cochlearia coronopus — c. Dc-
pressus, Cochlearia coronopus — c. Ruellii, Coch-
learia coronopus — c. Vulgaris, Cochlearia coro-
nopus.
COROTOMIA, Coretomia.
CORP, C.idaver.
CORPORA, see Corpus — c. Albicantia, Mam-
uiillary tubercles.
Corpora Amyla'cra, Corpus'cnla amyla'cea,
Anii/la'ceousor Am'i/loid bodies, Starch cor'pnscles,
Aiiima! starch. A name given by Virchow to
oertiiin bodies of microscopic size, found chiefly
in the human brain and spinal marrow — in the
cpenili/nin reiitricidoriim and its prolongations —
mingled with the proper nerve elements; and
liaving most of the chemical characters of cellu-
lose.
Corpora Arantii, Noduli Arantii, Tubercula
A. — c. Bigemina, Quadrigeinina corpora — c. Can-
dicantia, Albicantia corpora, Mammillary tuber-
cles— c. Cavernosa, Cavernous bodies — c. Fibrosa,
Corps Fibrctix.
Cor'pora Fimhria'ta, TcB'nia Hippocnm'pi,
Fim'briated or /ri)i<ied bodies, (F.) Corps Frang^s
on Hordes, n'Xiidelclles des Comes d'Aiiimon, Ban-
dclettc de V Ilippoeniiipe. The thin, flattened, and
very delicate bund, situate along the concave edge
of the coriiu nmmonis, which is a continuation
of the posterior crura of the fornix.
CoiU'ORA (^kmiH'i.a'ta, (F.) Corps Genicules,
C. ip'noiiilU's. Kmincnces situate at the lower
and outer part of the optic thalami. Each optic
tract commences at the corp'us yenicula'tum ex-
tern'um. The corpus yenicula'tum intern'um is
merely a tubercle inserted into the bend or knee,
formed by the corpus geniculatum externum.
Corpora Globosa Cekvicis Uteri, Nabothi
glandula) — c. Lutea, see Corpus luteuin.
Corpora Malpighia'na, Malpig'hian Bodies,
Ac"ini, Cor'puseles or Glom'erules of Ma/pig'hi,
Glomer'uli reuri'les, Corpus'cnla Midpiij'hii. Scat-
tered through the jilexus formed by the blood-
vessels and uriniferous tubes in the kidney, a
number of small dark points may be seen with
the naked eye, which received their name from
Malpighi, their dcscriber. Each of these, under
the microscope, is found to consist of a convo-
luted mass of blood-vessels, which constitutes
the true r/landnh, corpuscle, or glonicrule <>/ Jlal-
piylii. It was at one time supposed that the
tubuli uriniferi originate in them ; but this does
not appear to be the case. Their use is not posi-
tively known, but as they have been traced bj'
Mr. Bowman into the commencement of the uri-
nary tubes, in which they lie uncovered, it bas
been supposed that their olHce may be to sepa-
rate the watery portions of the blood to be mixed
with the proper urinous matter.
Corpora IMammillauia, Mammillary tuber-
cles— c. Nervio-spongiosa Penis, Corpora caver-
nosa— c. Nervosa, Corpora cavernosa.
Corpora Oliva'ria, C.ova'tn,Emincn'ticB Oli-
va'res seu ova'les latera'les, Oli'vas, I'romiucn'tia:
Semiova'les BIrdidl'a Oblontja' tm, {Eminences la-
terales, Ch.) Oblong, whitish eminences, situate
at the occipital surface of the medulla oblongata,
exterior to the corpora pyramidalia.
Corpora Ovata, Corpora olivaria — c. Pisifor-
mia, Mammillary tubercles.
Corpora Pyramipa'lia, Eminen'ticp pyrami-
dn'les seu media'no' inter'na, Pyra'mides, (F.)
Corjis ])yraniidaux, Pyramides antericures (Gall),
Eminences pyramidales (Ch.) Two medullary
bundles, placed on either side of the anterior fis-
sure. These bodies have also been called Cor-
pora Pyramidalia anti'cn, to distinguish them
from the 0. olivaria, which have been called
Corpora Pyramidalia latera'lia.
Over a space, commencing 8 or 10 lines below
the pons and extending to the lower end of the
medulla oblongata, .a portion of each pyramid
crosses to the opposite side — decussation of the
pyyramids, Dec.nssa'tio pyram'idum.
Corpora Pyramidalia Posterioka, see Cor-
pora restiforinia — c. Pyramidalia testis, Coni vas-
culosi--c. Quadrigemina, Q. corpora.
Corpora Restifor'mia, Crura seu Pedun'cidi
mednl'lcB oblonqa'tcB, Corpora pyramidalia pos-
terio'ra, Proees'sus d cercbell'o ad medull'am ob-
lon/ja'tam, Posterior pyraynids, Ped' uncles of the
medul'la oblonga'ta, Inferior peduncles of the
cerebellum, (F.) Corps restiformes, Cuisses poi-
terieures, Pyramides posterieures, Racines, Bras
ou Jamhes du cervclet, Petites branches dc la
moelle allongee, Pcdoncules dn cervelet. Two
medullary projections, oblong, and of a whitish
appearance, which proceed from each side of the
upper extremity of the medulla oblongata, and
contribute to the formation of the cerebellum.
The posterior pyraynids — fiiscic'nli (jra"ciles —
are described as distinct from the restiform bodies.
They are situate in contact with each other, one
on each side of the posterior median fissure. They
become closely applied to the restiform bodies,
and have been considered to be blended with
them, and to proceed to form the cerebellum.
According to some, they ascend to the cerebrum.
Corpora Stria'ta, Grand ganglion supcrieur
d\t cerreau (Gall), Couches des nerfs ethmoi'dnur,
Corps canncles, Eminen'tia Lenticula'res, Collic'-
idi Xervi Ethmo'ida'lis, A^'ices Crurum medul'la
CORPS
24 6
CORPUS MUCOSUM
ohlnnga'ta, Gan'glton cer'ebi ante'riua, Anterior
cerebral (fanr/lion, (F.) Corps stries. Pyriforin
eminences ol" a slislitly brownish-gray colour,
which form part of the floor of the lateral ventri-
cles of the briiin. When cut, a mixture of gray
and white substance is seen, arranged alter-
nately, to which they owe their name. The tract
of fibres that ascends from the anterior pyramids
passes chiefly into them. Willis considered that
the soul resided there.
CoRPOii.v Striata Soperna Posterioiia, Tha-
lami nervorum opticorum — c. Triticea, see Hy-
oides OS — c. WolfHana. see Corpus Wolifianum.
CORPS, Body — c. Bordes, Corpora iimbriata
— c. Calleii-r, Corpus callosum — c. Caiinelea, Cor-
pora striata — c Cavenieux, Corpora cavernosa —
c. Ceiidre, Corpus dentatum — c. Ciliaire, Corpus
dentatum — c. Dentele, Corpus dentatum — e.
EtraiHjer, Extraneous body — c. Festonne, Corpus
dentatum.
CORPS FIBREUX, Corpora Fibro'sa. Bayle
has given this name to adventitious fibrous pro-
ductions of a round shape, more or less adherent,
and sometimes having a pedicle, which form in
certain parts of the body, particularly in the sub-
stance of the uterus.
COUPS FOLLICULAIRE VAGINALE,
Cowper's glands in the female — c. Franges, Cor-
pora fimbriata — c. Geiu'cides, Corpora genicu-
lata — c. Geiiouilles, Corpora geniculata — c.
Godrnnne, Fascia dentata — c. Hitmain, see
Body — c. Hijahiide, Corpus vitreum — c. d'Hjjg-
more ou d'Hiyhmore, Corpus Ilighmori — c. Jaune,
Corpus luteum — c. Muqnenx, Corpus mucosum —
c. d'Ohen, Corpus WolfBanum — c. Organises, Or-
ganized bodies — c. Pampiniforme, Corj)us pam-
piniforme — c. Phacoide, Crystalline — c. Pyrami-
daiix, Corpora pyramidalia — c. Rest! formes. Cor-
pora restiformia — c. Rhombuide, Corpus dentatum
— c. Stries, Corpora striata — c. TJii/roide, Thyroid
gland — c. Varici/uriiie, Epididymis — c. Vari-
qucux, Corpus pampiniforme, Epididymis — c.
Vitre, Corpus vitreum — c. de Wolff, Corpus
Wolffianum.
CORPSE, Cadaver.
CORP'ULENT, Corpnlen'tus, Obe'aus, Crasaiis,
Fat, Fleshy, (Sc. ) Corssy, (Prov.) Sobby ; from
corpus, 'the body,' and lentas, 'thick.' Having
an unusual development of fat or flesh in propor-
tion to the frame of the body.
CORPULEN'TIA, Cor'pidence, is synonymous
with Obesity and Polysarcia.
CoRPULENTiA Cauxosa, Torositas.
CORPUS, Soma, a Body. Any object which
strikes one or more of our senses. Gases, liquids,
metals, vegetables, animals, are so many bodies.
Natural bodies have been divided into animal,
vegetable, and mineral ; or into inorganic, includ-
ing the mineral kingdom ; and organised, includ-
ing the animal and vegetable. The chief differ-
ences between organized and inorganic bodies
consists in the former having an origin by gene-
ration, growth by nutrition, and termination by
death ; the latter a fortuitous origin, external
growth, and a termination by chemical or mecha-
nicid force.
Many parts of the frame have, also, been dis-
tinguished by this name, as Corpus Callosum, C.
Ilucosum, &c. See Body.
Corpus Adeniforme, Prostate — c. Adenoides,
Prostate — c. Adiposnm, Pingiiedo — c. Alienum,
Extraneous— e. Annulare, Pons varolii.
Corpus CALLO'susr, Cnmmissn'ra 3fagna seu
max'ima cer'ebri, Trabs Medidla'ris sou Cer'ebri,
Trabec' dla seu Cop'ula magna cer'ebri, (F.) Corps
Calleux, Voute medidlaire, Plafond des ventri-
cnles da cen^eau, Mesolobe (Ch.) A white, me-
dullary band, perceived on separating the two
hemispheres of the brain, which it connects with
each other. La Peyronie regarded it as the sent
of the soul. On it are seen longitudinal and
transverse fibres — Stria longitudina'les Lancis'ii,
(see Raphe,) and Stria seu Chor'da transver'sahi
Willis'ii, The anterior portion, which bends
downwards, is termed genu ; the posterior flexure,
sple'ninm, tuber, (P.), bourrelet. Tiie fibres whicji
curve backwards into the posterior lobes from
the posterior border of the corpus callosum, have
been termed Forceps; those which pass directly
outwards into the middle lobes from the same
point, Tajjc'tum ; and those which curve for-
wards and inwards from the anterior border to
the anterior lohQ, forceps anterior.
Corpus Ciliare, Ciliary Body, Corpus denta-
tum, see Ciliary — c. Cinereum, Corpus dentatum
— c. Conoides, Pineal gland — c. Crystalloides,
Crystalline.
Corpus Drnta'tum, C. Denticula'tum seu Gili-
a're, (F.) Corps dentele ou festonne. A centra],
oval nucleus, of cincritious substance, met with
in the cerebellum ; the circumference of which
exhibits a number of indentations, surrounded iiy
medullary substance. — Vicq d'Azyr. It is seen
by dividing the cerebellum vertically into two
equal parts. — The same body has been called
Cinys cendre ou ciliaire ou rhombiiidc, Corpim
Cine'feum seu Jihomboi'deum seu Ithomboida'le,
Ganglion du cervelet. Noyau central des PSdoii-
cules du cervelet, A^ucleus dentatus seu fmbria'tiis
seu centra'lis seu rhomboida'lis, Substan'tia rhom-
bo'idea, Gan'glion cilia're, G. cerebelli. The
term Corpus dentatum, Nu'clcus oli'vce, is also
given to the ganglion of the corpus olivare, which,
like that of the cerebellum, is a yellowish-griiy
dentated capsule, open behind, and containini;
medullary matter, from which a fasciculus of
fibres proceeds upwards to the corpora quadri-
gemina and thalami optici.
Corpus Denticulatum, c. Dentatum — e. Dis-
coi'des. Crystalline — c. Externum, Extraneons
body — c. Extraneum, Extraneous body — c. Gu-
niculatum, see Corpora Geniculata — c. Glandi-
forme. Prostate — c. Glandosum, Prostate — c.
Glandulosum, Prostate.
Corpus Glandulo'sum Mvi^in'RVit, Gland'ul(B
Pros'tatcB midie'rum. A vascular spongy emi-
nence, which surrounds the orifice of the urethra,
and projects at its under part.
Corpus IIighmo'ri, C. Jlighmoria'num, Medi-
asti'num testis, Ifen'tus semina'rius, (F.) CorjH
d' Hygmore ou d'Highmore, Sinus des Vaisseaiu:
seminifercs, (Ch.) An oblong eminence, along
the superior edge of the testicle, which seems
formed of a reflection of the tunica albuginea,
through which the principal trunks of the semi-
niferous vessels pass before they reach the epidi-
dymis.
Corpus Incomprehensibile, Thymus.
Corpus Lu'TEusr, (F.) Corps jaune, 'yellow
body.' A small yellowish body, perceived in tlie
ovarium, and left after the rupture of one of the
vesicles. It was, for a long time, considered an
evidence of previous impregnation ; but Corpora
lutea are met with in unquestionable virgins;
although the corpora lutea of virgins have been
generally regarded to differ materially, in size
and character, from those of impregnation, which
have been called true corpora lutea in contradis-
tinction to the other, called /aZse corpora lutea.
Corpus Muco'sum, C. retieula're, Bete muco'-
aum. Mucus seu Bete seu Stratum 3/alpig'hii, Ile-
tic'ulum, cuta'neum seu muco'sum, JHesoderm'um,
Mucous web, (F.) Corps muqueux, Couche de Mal-
pighi. The second layer of the skin has been so
called. It is situate between the cutis vera and
cuticle, and gives colour to the body. In the
white varieties of our species it is colourless ; in
the negro, black. By most anatomists the exist-
CORPUSCLES, BLOOD
247
CORROBORANT
ptice of such a layer, distinct from the epidermis, 1
i? denied. I
Coiti'us Okense, Corpus AVolffianum. I
Corpus Pampinifor'me, from pumptnue, 'a [
tpiidril.' C. Vnric.o'sum seu pi/ramida'le, Hede- i
ra'ccHH plexiiH, I'lcxna jtampiuiform'is seu vancu- \
/'/«»« J'liiiic'iili Hpennat'ici pampiniformia, (F.)
Vorpn prtmpiuiforme, (J. Variqaenx. The plexus
or reliform arrangement of the spermatic arteries
and veins in the cavity of the abdomen, anterior
tu the i)soas muscle.
CoHPns Papii.Lare, Textus Papilla' r^s, Corp^ia
rriicnla're. The nervous and vascular papillae
situate iiencath the epidermis, called by Breschet
i\V(( roth el' »c npp(t ratus.
CoiiPi'S PiiAcoiDKS, Cry.'talline — c. Pituitare,
Pituitary gland — e. Psalloides, Lyra — c. Pyra-
iiiidale, Corpus pampiniformc — c. Rctieulare, Cor-
pus niucosum, Corpus Papillare — c. Rhomboidale,
Corpus dentatum — c. Rhomboideum, Corpus den-
tatuin — c. Thyniiamum, Thymus — c. Thymicuni,
Thymus — c. Thyreoideum, Thj'roid gland — c.
Turl)inatum, Pineal gland — c. Yaricosuin, Corpus
pnmpiniforme, Spermatic cord — c. Varicosum
testis, Epididymis.
Coitpus Si'ON'Gio'suM Uue'thr^, Substrtn'tia
upoiirjio'sa ure'thra;. This substance arises before
the prostate gland, surrounds the urethra, and
forms the bulb. It then proceeds to the end of
tlie corpora cavernosa, and terminates in the
;;lans penis, which it forms. Kobelt describes,
ill the female, as the analogue to the corpus spon-
giosum of the male, a venous plexus, which, as
it lies between the glans clitoridis, and the part
that corresponds, in the male, to the bulb of the
urethra, he terms para interine'dia, (F.) Jieseau
iiiteniiediaire.
Corpus STUiATU>r, see Corpora striata — c. Tri-
gonum, see Urinary Bladder.
Corpus Vit'reum, Humor Vifreua seu ITi/a-
lo'i'dcH seu hi/dl'iiiitx, Glacia'li'a Inimor, Vitreous
humor, Vit'riiia ociibi'ris, (F.) Corps vilre ouhi/a-
lo'ide, JJiimeur hi/nliiide. The transparent mass,
of a gelatinous consistence, which fills the eye,
behind the crystalline. It is contained in cells,
formed by the tiuiicn hi/nloiden.
Corpus WoLFFiA'Nusr, C. Olccn'se, Wolffian
hodj), (F.) Corps de Wolff on d'Olcen. At a very
early period of foetal formation, bodies are per-
ceptible, which were first described by Wolff, as
existing in the fowl, and in the mammalia by
Oken. According to Miiller, they disappear in
man very early, so that but slight remains of
them are perceptible after the 9th or 10th week
of pregnancy. They cover the region of the kid-
neys an<l renal capsules, which are formed after-
wards; and they are presumed to be the organs
of urinary secretion during the first periods of
foetal existence.
CORPUSCLES, BLOOD. Globules of the blood
— c. Bone, see Laeunte of Bone — c. Caudate, see
Caudate — c. Chyle, sec Chyle.
Corpuscles, Exuda'tion. The organizable
nuclei contained in fibrinous fluids, which are the
origin of the new tissues formed from such fluids.
Corpuscles, Ganglion, see Neurine — c.
Olandiform. Acinus — c. Lymph, see Lymjih — c.
<'f .'Malpighi, Corpora Malpighiana — c. Mucous,
see .Mucus — c. Nerve, see Neurine — c. Osseous,
see LacuuM of bone.
Cori'uscles, Pacin'ian, (F.) Corpuaculea de
Pacini, so called from Filippo Pacini, an Italian
physician, who, it is generally conceived, first
noticed them in 1830. They appear, however,
to have been depicted in 1741 by Lehmann, from
a preparation by A. Vater, who called them Pa-
pillw and /'. nerveee. Hence, it has been pro-
posed by J. C. Strahl (1S4S) to call them Vate'rian
corpiisiUa or Corpuaeli.s of Yuler (Vater'sche
Korperchcn.) Small bodies connected with
the cutaneous nerves of the palm and sole. They
have also been found sparingly and inconstantly
in nerves at the wrist and elbow ; in the upper
arm, fore-arm, and thigh, and inter-costal nerve,
the sacral plexus, solar plexus and the plexuses
adjacent to it. In each corpuscle there is the ter-
mination of a nervous filament. Their uses are
not known.
Corpuscles of Pdrkinje, see Canaliculus — c.
Pus, see Pus — c. Pyoid, see Pus — c. S[)lcnie, see
Spleen — c. Starch, Corpora amylacea — c. Tactile,
Corpuscula tactfis — c. Touch, Corpuscula tactfis
— c. of Vater, C. Pacinian — e. Weberian, see
Ejaculatory Ducts — c. White, see Globules of the
blood — c. White granulated, see Globulin.
CORPUSCULA ARANTIL Tubercula A., see
Sigmoid valves — c. Glandularum similia intesti-
norum, Peyeri glandulas — c. Globosa cervicis
uteri, Nabothi glandulae.
Corpuscula LAi-iNNEc'ii. Fibroid granula-
tions, occasionally observed on thickened portions
of the pericardium.
Corpuscula MALPicnir, Corpora Malpighiana
— c. Ossium, see Lacunae of bone — c. Sanguinis,
Globules of the blood — c. Seminis, Spermatozoa
— c. Sesamoidea, see Sigmoid valves.
Corpuscula Tactus, Tactile or Touch Corpus-
cles, (F.) Corpnscules dit tact, Axile bodies, (G.)
Axen Kfirper. Bodies, composed of a horizon-
tally laminated mass of areolar tissue, which are
found in the papilla? of parts endowed with great
tactile sensibility. The nerves of touch communi-
cate with them, and their function is probably to
render the sense more acute.
Corpuscula Triticea, see Hyoides, ps — c.
Weberiana, see Ejaculatory Ducts.
CORPUS'CULAR, Corpuscula' ria. Relating
to, or containing, corpuscles, as corpuscular fibrin.
Fibrin which tends to disintegration, and consists
of granules in considerable proportion.
CORP use ULES CALC AIRES, Lacunae of
bone — c. Noirs, Lacunae of bone — c. l)ea Os, La-
cuniB of bone — c. Ramifies, LncunsB of bone.
CORPUSCULUM ARANTII, see Sigmoid
valves — c. Conicum RoscnniUllcri, Parovarium —
c. Sesamoideum, see Sigmoid valves.
CORRAGO, Borago ofiicinalis.
CORRE, Corse, from rapu, ' I shave.' [?] The
temples or the part of the jaws, which it is usual
to shave. — Gorr«;us.
CORRECTIF, Corrigent.
CORRECTION, Correc'tio, from corrigere,
(con and rcgere, rectum, 'to rule or order,') to
correct.' The act of correcting medicines ; that
is, of diminishing their energy or obviating un-
pleasant eft'ects, by mixing them wiih substances
which mitigate their operation.
CORRECTORIUS, Corrigens.
CORRELATION, see Svnergy.
CORRIGEEN MOSS, Fucus crispus.
COR'RIGENT, Cor'ri'jens, Correcto'rius, Caa-
ti'yans, Li/rin'tjens, Emen'daus : same etymon.
(F.) Correct!/. That which corrects. A corri-
gent, in a pharmaceutical formula, is a substance
added to a medicin-e to mollify or modify its ac-
tion. In the following formula, the aloe?, if not
corrected, might induce tormina. The Oleum
iJenthcB is added as a corrigent.
R Aloea 5j
Olei MenthcB gtt. v
Si/rup q. s. ut fiant Pihilm xvj
CORRIG"IA. Akin to corium, 'leather.'
Leathern straps. By extension, the term has
been applied to the tendons and ligaments.
CORROB'ORANT, Corrob'oralive, Corroh'-
orans, Corroborati'rua, Rob'ora)is, Jfnscula'ris,
Restau'raiia, Jiesfor'atire, Bracing, from corrobo-
rare, {con, and robur, ' strength,') ' to strengthen.'
CORROBORANTIA
248
C0KY15ANTIASM
(F.) Corroborant, Corrohoratif, Fortifiant. Any |
substance which strengthens and gives tone.
Wine, for example, is a corroborant. See Tonic.
CORROBORANTIA, Tonics.
CUItllOnORA TIF, Corroborant.
CORI'.ORORATIVE, Corroborant.
CORROnANT, Corrosive.
CORROBKNS, Corrosive.
CORROSIF, Corrosive.
CORRO'SION, Corru'sio, Dialro'sis, Analro'-
sis, Erv'sif), from con, and rodere, rustiiii, ' to
gnaw.' The action or effect of corrosive sub-
fctances.
CORRO'SIVE, Corro'dens, Dinhrot'icm, Cor-
rosi'viis, same etymon. (F.) Currosif, Corrodant.
Corrosives are substances, which, when placed in
contact with living parts, gradually disorganize
them. Caustic alkalies, ilineral acids, Corronive
sublimate, are corrosives. They act either di-
rectlij, by chemically destroying the part, — or
iiidiiectli/, by causing inflammation and gangrene.
CoHRosiVE Poison, see Poison.
CORRUGATIO, Corrugation — c. Cutis,
Wrinkle.
CORRUGA'TION, Corrtiga'tio, Siina'remo,
from con, and riic/a, 'a wrinkle.' Wrinkling,
Frowning, (F.) Froncemcnt ; the contraction of
the Comir/ato'rcs Supercil'ii muscles. Corruga-
tion of the skin is often owing to the application
of styptic medicines : it is rendered by them un-
equal and rugous.
CORKUGATOR COITERII, Corrugator su-
percilii.
Coruuga'tou Supercil'ii, from corrugare, 'to
wrinkle ;' same etymon. JIus'ciiMts stipercil'it
senfroiita'lis verns seu CorrtKja' tor Coite'rii, Su-
percilia'ris, (F.) GutanSo-sourcilicr, 3fuscle Sour-
cilier ou Surcilier, II. Fronto-Soiircilier. A
muscle situate in the eyebrows. It is attached,
by its inner extremity, to the superciliary ridge,
and is confounded, externally, with the oceipito-
frontalis and orbicularis palpebrarum. It carries
the eyebrow inwards, and wrinkles the skin of
the forehead.
CORRUP'TION, Corru2)'tio, Phthora, Diaph'-
thoru, from corrtimpere, corrii2)tnm, {con, and
runipere, ' to break,) ' to destroy.' Act of cor-
rupting. State of being corrupted. Reaction of
the particles of a body upon each other. It is
probable that something like corruption may take
place even in the living body. The word is used,
at times, like JJoue with the French, in a vague
manner for a state of puriform, putrid, or other
breaking down of parts or humours. ' To spit
corrupt inn,' is a vulgar expression.
CORSE, Cadaver, Corre.
CORSET, from Corse, (F.) corps, 'the body.'
Stetliodesiii'ium, Stethodesm'is, Stelhodesm'us, Tu'-
iiica Tkora'cis, Thorax, Pectora'le. An article
of dress, which closely embraces the trunk, and
is much used by females in civilized countries.
AVheu corsets or stays are worn very tight, many
serious evils result from the unnatural compression.
Different bandages, more or less complicated,
which embrace the greater part of the trunk, are
likewise so called.
An orthopedic corset is one intended to obviate
deviation of the stature.
CORSET BE BRASDOR. The name of a
bandage invented by one Brasdor, to keep ineita
the fragments of a fractured clavicle.
CORSSY, Corpulent.
CORTALON, Senecio.
CORTEX, Phloios, Phloos, Phlous, Lemma,
Bark, (F.) Ecorce. This word has often been
applied exclusively to Cinchona : thus, we say
Bark — the cortex or bark, kot' t^o^rjv. It means,
also, any bark.
Cortex Adstring"ens Brasilien'sis. An as-
tringent bark introduced from Brazil into Ger-
many in the year 1828. It is said to be obtained
from jSlimo'sa cochlcacarp' a seu virt/iiia'lis. It
has been used with advantage in all cases in
which astringent barks in general are indicated.
Dose of the powder Qj to ^ss.
Cortex Alvomoco, Alcoinoqiie — c. Anisi stel-
lati, sec Illicium auisatum — c. Antiscorbuticus,
Canella alba — c. Aromaticus, Canellu alba — e.
Aurantii, see Citrus aurantium — e. Canellie Wii-
labaricie, Laurus cassia — c. Cardinalis del Lugo,
Cinchona — c. Caryopliyllatus, see Jlyrtus ciiiyo-
phyllata — c. Caryophylloides, Laurus culilawan.
Cortex Cer'ebhi. The Cor'iical, Cinerii"imis,
Vesic'iilar or Gro;/ substance of the Brain. The
gray portion observed at the exterior of the cere-
brum and cerebellum ; so called because it forms
a kind of bark to the medullary substance. Gall
considers, that this substance forms the nerves;
and therefore calls it Substance mtitricc des Serfs.
The name cortical is likewise given to tiic ex-
ternal substance of the kidneys, because it is of
a deeper colour than the inner jiart of the organ,
and forms a kind of envelope to it.
Cortex Ciiacarill^, Croton Cascarilla —
c. Chinae, Cinchona — c. China; flavus, Cintlionaj
cordifolia; cortex — c. Chiuaj luteus, Cinchona; eor-
difuliie cortex — c. Chinx rcgius, Cinchona; cordi-
foliie cortex — c. Crassior, Laurus cassia — c. Culi-
laban, see Laurus Culilawan — c. Culilawan,
Laurus Culilawan — c. Eleutheria;, Croton casca-
rilla— c. Flavus, Cinchona; cordifulia; corte.x — c.
Lavola, see Illicium anisatum — c. Magellauicus,
see Wintera aromatica.
Cortex Ovi, Cor'lical membrane. This mem-
brane, so called by Boer and Granville, is usually
regarded as a uterine production, and designated
Decid'nd rcjlcx'a. They consider it to surround
the ovule, when it descends into the uterus, and
to enclose the shaggy chorion. It is absorbed
during the first months of utero-gestation, so as
to expose the next membrane to the contact of
the decidua, with which a connexion takes place
at the part where the placenta is to be formed.
In that part, Boer and Granville consider, that
the Cortex Ovi is never altogether obliterated,
but only made thinner, and in process of time is
converted into a mere pellicle or envelope, which
not only serves to divide the liliform vessels of
the chorion into groups or cotyledons, in order
to form the placenta, but also covers those coty--
ledons. This, Dr. Granville calls mentbru'iiaprv'-
pria. See Decidua membrana.
Cortex Pallidus, Cinchona; lancifoliae cortex
— e. Patrum, Cinchona — c. Peruvianus, Cinchona
— c. Profluvii, Nerium antidysentericum — c.
Ruber, Cinchonae oblongifolia; cortex — c. Striata
dentium, Enamel of the teeth — e. Tiiuris, Croton
cascarilla — c. Winteranus, see AVintera aromati-
cum — c. Winteranus spurius, Canella alba.
COR'TICAL, Corticu'lisj from cortex, 'bark.'
Belonging to bark.
Cortical Matter of the Brain, Cortex Cere-
bri— c. Membrane, Cortex Ovi^c. Substance of
the Kidney, see Kidney — c. Substance of the
Teeth, see Tooth.
CORTUSA AMERICANA, Ileuchera cortusa.
CORU. An Indian tree, the bark of whose
root furnishes a milky juice, which is employed
in diarrhoea and dysentery. It is also called
Corn Canar'ica.
CORUSCATIO, Astrapo.
CORVISARTIA HELENIUM, Inula hele-
nium.
CORYBAN'TIASM. Conjbiantias'mna, Cory-
bantis'mus, from liopvfiai, one of the Corybantcs.
A name formerly given to a kind of frenzy, in
which the sick were tormented by fantastic vi-
sions, and perpetual want of sleep.
COllYDALIS 15ULB0SA
249
COSTO-XIPIIOID
COllYDALIS BULBOSA, Fumaria bulbosa—
C. Canadensis, Dicuntra Canadensis — c. Cava,
Fumaria Ijulbosa — c. Tuherosa, Fumaria bulbosa.
COR'YLUS, (from xopvf, 'a helmet,' from the
involucre,) Corylus avellana.
CoKVLliS Avella'.na, Cur'i/lm, Bundurh,
AoM'i'nd, Curi/d'ion, The Haxel-uut Tree, (F.)
Coiiilricr, Ndineticr ; Ord. Amentaceae ; Sex. Sijst.
Mon(C(.ia I'ulyandria. The nut, — Filbert, (F.)
A eel i lie ; Jlmef-iiul, (F.) Xoitetlc, — of this tree,
is much eaten iu many countries. Like all nuts,
it is by no means easy of digestion. It is the
2fiix (irellii'na, Kapvov lliavTiKov, of the ancients.
Cok'ylus Uostka'ta, /leaked Ilitzel. An in-
digenous shrub, Nat. Ord. Aiuentacciu ; Sub-or-
der, Cupuliferie : Se.c. Sijtt. Moncecia Polyandria;
the nut of which is surrounded by a coriaceous
and scaly involucre, terminating in a tube co-
vered with short and thick bristles. These bristles
have been given as an antlielmintic in the same
cases and doses as mucuna.
COllYMBKTRA, lledera hcli.x.
CORYNE, Penis.
CORYl'lIE, Acme, Vertex — c. Cordis, see
Muero.
CORY'ZA, Grare'do, liJiini'tis, Cataifay'mos,
Ci(taiil((l((</'iiios, Stillicid'iiim Na'riitm, Phle(/ma-
ti)rrh(i;/"ia,tileiinorrh(e'a n ana' / is, lileii nor rli in' in,
DeH'tillntio, Catar'riius ud Niires seu nana' lis,
liliinueiitur'rhiis, Aniji'nu nana' lis: vulgarly, ' run-
niiKj at the nose,' ^ cold in the head;' (Prov.)
tjiiiirle, in French, lihume de cerveaii, Catarrhe
nasal, Enehifrenemeiit ; in old English, Pose or
Mitr ; whence Mnrreii and Murrain ; from (copus,
or Kapa, 'the head,' and (,ao, ' I boil.' Inflamma-
tion, attended with increased discharge, of the
Schneiderian membrane lining the nose, and the
sinuses communicating with it. The aff'ection
generally subsides without any medical treatment.
Chronic corijza is termed, also, OxcB'na be-
lt ij' no.
CoitvzA Entovica, OzDsna — e. Maligna, Ozoena
— c. 0/.:cnosa, Ozajna — c. Purulenta, OziBna — c.
Scarlatinosa, Rhinocace — c. Ulcerosa, Ozacua — c.
Virulenta, O/.icna.
COSCINISMUS, Cribration.
COSCINOI, see Cribration.
COS.MKSrS. Cosmetics.
CO.'^MET'ICS, Ars eosmet'ica, Callipis'trta,
CoHine'sis, (F.) Cosnietique, from Koafitut, 'I
adorn,' 'I embellish.' The art of improving
the beauty. Qtsmetic, Stilbo'ma, is, also, used
for the different means employed for that pur-
pose; as tiie compounds, into which enter the
oxides of lead, bismuth, mercury, arsenic, &c.
All these, however, injure the skin, and often
give rise to unpleasant cutaneous affections. Fre-
quent ablution with cold water, and bathing are
tlie best cosmetics. Essences, soaps, and all the
preparations intended for the toilet, fall, also,
under tliis head.
CO SUE riQ UE, Cosmetics.
COS.METOL'OGY, Cosmelotog'ia, from Koa/xeiv,
'to adorn,' and Aoyos, 'a discourse.' A treatise
on the dress, and cleanliness of the body.
COS.MO.S, from Koajxos, 'the world,' 'order,' &c.
Tiie order wiiich was supposed to preside over
critical dnys. Hippocrates and others have termed
KocTfioi, 'bracelets,' emi)loyed, not only as orna-
ments (lioaficiv, 'to adorn,') but as therapeutical
agents.
"COS.^A, Haunch.
COSSU.M. A malignant ulcer of the nose,
often of a syphilitic character. — P.aracelsus.
COSSUS, Cossis. A sort of white, short, thick
worm or larve, found in trees, logs of wood, <S;c.,
and used by the Romans as a great article of
goiirmandise. They were, also, applied to ulcers. —
Pliny. The term has, likewise, been given to
small vermiform pimples on the face — acne —
which arise from inflammation of the sebaceous
follicles.
COSTA, Pleura, Pleurum, Plenro'ma. A Rib,
from cHstodire, 'to guard,' 'defend:' (F.) Cote
old French, Coste. The ribs are 24 in number; —
12 on each side. They are irregular, long, bony
curves: slightly flattened, and situate obli([uely
at the sides of the chest. The intervals between
them are called Jntercos'tal spaces, (F.) Espacea
intercostanx, and they are numbered _^)«<, second,
third, Ac, reckoning from above to below. They
have been distinguished into Costce verm, Pleu-
rapoph'yses of Owen, True ribs, (F.) Vrnies Cotes,
Cotes sternalea. Cotes vertebro-sternales (Ch.), and
into Costce spn'riw, 3!endii'sce seu Nothas Costal,
False ribs, Cotes asternales (Ch.), Faiisses Cotes.
The trne or sternal ribs, as they have also been
called, are the first 7; which are articulated at
one extremity to the spine, and at the otlicr, by
means of their cartilages, hamapoph'yses of Owen,
to the sternum. The false or short ribs are the
remaining 5 : the uppermost three being united,
by means of their cartilages, to the cartilage of the
last true rib. The others are free at their exter-
nal extremity, and, hence, have been called Float-
ing ribs, Co8t(B Jluctuan'tes, (F.) Cotes Jlottantes.
The vertebral extremity of each rib is slightly
expanded. It is called the head of the rib — Ca-
pit'ulnm Costce: the space between this and the
tnbercle is the collxim or nech. Anterior to the
tubercle is the angle — An'rjulus seu Cu'bitns Costm.
The angle is the part where the bone bends to
form the lateral part of the thorax.
COSTyE CA-PITULUM, see Costa— c. Fluctu-
antes, see Costa — c. Mendosae, see Costa — c. Spu-
ria;, see Costa — c Venc, see Costa.
COSTAL, Cdsta'lis, from casta, 'a rib.' Apper-
taining or relating to a rib — as 'costcU cartilage.'
COSTE, Costa.
COSTIVE, Constipated.
COSTIVENESS, Constipation.
COSTMARY, Tanacetum balsamita.
COSTO, from casta, 'a rib.' In composition,
relating or appertaining to a rib.
COSTO -ABnOMINAL, Obliquus externus
abdominis — c. Basi-seapnlaire, Serratus magnua
— c. Clavicnlaire, Subclavian muscle.
COSTO-CLAVIC'ULAll, Costo-Clavictda'ris.
Belonging to the ribs and clavicle.
Costo-Clavic'ulah Lig'ament, Cleidocostal
Ligament, is a fibrous, flattened fascia, which ex-
tends, obliquely, from the cartilage of the first rib
to the inferior surface of the clavicle.
COSTO-CORACOIDIEN, Pectoralis minor
— c. Scapnlaire, Serratus magnus.
COSTO-STERNAL, Costo-Stema'lis. Relating
to the ribs and sternum. The articulation of the
sternum with the anterior extremity of the first
seven ribs.
COSTO-TRACHELIA'NUS. Relating to the
ribs and to the trachclian or transverse processes
of the neck. Under tlie name Casto-trache'liau,
Chaussier designates the anterior and 2}osterior
scalcni.
COSTO-TRANSVERSA'RIUS. Relating to
the ribs, and to the transverse processes. — Bichat
"■ave this name to the articulation of the tubero-
sities of the ribs with the transverse processes of
the spine.
C 0 S T 0 -V E R'T E B R A L, Costo-rcrtebra'lis.
Belonging to the ribs and vertebra?. — Bichat gave
this name to the articulation of the head of the
ribs with the vertebrae, and to the ligaments con-
nected with it.
COSTO-XIPHOTD, Costo-xiphoVdcus. The
name of a ligament, which unites the cartilage of
the seventh rib to the xiphoid or ensiform carti-
lage.
COSTUS
2o0
COUM
COSTUS. From the Arabic. The ancients
seem to have given this name to several plants.
One has borne the appellation, since the time of
Uioscorides, — the Coxtiis Amb'icus sou In'dicKs
seu xpecio'mis seu nma'rus, diilcin. nrienta'lis,A)no' -
mum hirsu'tinn, Helh'niii (frandiflo'ra, Bank'sia
specio'm, Taia'iiu, (F.) C((ii)ie Congo, Oanne de
Jiiviere: Fnmilt), Ainomeaj ; Sex. Syst. Monan-
dria Monogynia; the root of which is aromatic,
and has been considered tonic, carminative, diu-
retic, emmenai^ogue, Ac. Tiie virtues of the an-
cient costus are highly extolled. — Theophrastus,
Dioscorides, Pliny, Galen.
Costus Amarus, &c., Costus — c. Arahicus, Cos-
tus— e. Corticosus. Canella alba — c. Hortorum,
Tanaeetum balsamita — c. Hortorum minor, Achil-
lea ageratum — e. Indicus, Costus — c den Jardins,
Balsamita suaveolens — c. Kigra, Cynara scoly-
mus — c. Speciosus, Costus.
COSTYLE, Cotyle.
COTA. Antliomis cotula.
COTARO'NIUM: an obscure term, used by
Paracelsus for a universal solvent : such a thing
as does not exist.
CO TE, Costa.
CO TES, COL DES, Collum costarum— c. As-
ternales, see Costa — c. Fanmes, see Costa — c. Flot-
tantes, see Costa — c. Sternales, see Costa — c. Ver-
t^broHternalen, see Costa — c. Vraies, see Costa.
COTIGNAC. (pron. cotinniae.) A kind of con-
serve or preserve, prepared from quinces not en-
tirely ripe, and sugar. It is esteemed stomachic
and astringent.
COTON, Gossypium — c. Azotique, see Collo-
dion— c. Fulminant, see Collodion — c. Poudre,
see Collodion.
COTONIA, Pyrus eydonia.
COTTON, Gossypium.
COTULA, Anthemis cotula — c. Foetida, An-
themis cotula.
Cot'ula Mui.tif'ida. A South African plant,
which is used by the Hottentots in rheumatism,
sciilds and cutaneous diseases.
COTUN'NIUS, LIQUOR OF, Lui'nor Cotun'-
nil, L. of Cotn(j'no, A<iHuia acnx'tica. Aqua audi-
to'Ha, Per'ilytnph, (F.) Li/rnphe de Cotuyno. A
transparent, slightly viscid fluid, which fills all
the cavities of the internal ear, and of v/hich Co-
tugno made mention. It is also called Aqua La-
byrinth' >'.
COTURNIX, Tetrao coturnix.
COT'YLE, Cot'yln, Cotyle'don, Cos'tyle ; the
same as Acetab'utam. A hollow cavity in a bone,
which receives the head of another bone : parti-
cularly 'the cotyloid cavity.' KorvXri signified a
drinking cup, and, indeed, any thing hollow, as
the hollow of the hand. — Athenaeus.
COTYLEDON, Cotyle — c. Marina, Umbilicus
marinus.
Cotyle'don Orbicula'ta. A plant of South
Africa, JVak Ord. Crassulaceae. The fresh juice
is used in epilepsy ; and Dr. Pappe speaks well
of it. The leaves form a good application to hard
corns. Crass'ula arbores'cens has the same pro-
perties.
Cotyle'don Umbili'cus, C. U.Ven'en'a, Navel-
wort, Venus's Navelwort, (F.) jVombril de Venus.
A plant which grows in Europe on old walls and
rocks. The leaves are emollient, and applied
externally to piles, inflamed parts, <fec. Inter-
nally, the juice has been given in epilepsy. The
flowers have been used in calculous cases, and in
dropsy.
Cotyle'dons, (KoTv\t)Siiiv, 'the hollow of a cup,')
Acetab'ula uteri'na. The lobes which, by their
union, form the placenta.
COT'YLOID, CotyloVdes, Cofyhn'deus, Cotylo'-
des, from Ko-vXr/, 'a drinking cup,' and tiios,
'form.' Resembling the ancient KorvXtj. The
name of a hemispherical cavity, situate in the os
innorainatum, which receives the head of the os
femoris ; — Fossa cotyloidea, Sinus Coxm, Acctab'-
nlnm J'yxis.
Cot'yloid Lig'ament, Ligamcn'lum Colyloi.
deum, (F.) Ligament cotylo'idien, is a very tliiok,
fibro-cartilaginous ring, surrounding the cotyloid
cavity, the depth of which it increases.
COTZ, Hagenia Abyssinica.
COU, Collum — c. du Pied, Instep — c. Gros,
Bronchocele.
COUCH GRASS, Triticum repens.
COUCHE, Couches, (F.), from coucher, 'to lie
down.' This word is used, 1. For parturiiiaii,
accouchement or delivery (puerpe'riinii, prirlnri".
tio ;) hence, une couehe hcureuse, ' a happy deli-
very ;' line fausse couch e, 'a pren)aturc deHvery;'
and, 2. For the time during which a female re-
mains in bed on account of delivery, — Tempns
puerjie'rii, the child-bed state. The Lochia have
been termed Suites de couches.
Couehe also means a layer, bed or thalamus, as,
COUCHE CELLULEUSE, Mcmbrana granu-
losa— c. de M((lplghi, Corpus mucosum.
COUCHER, Decubitus.
COUCHES DES NERFS ETHMOIDAUX,
Corpora striata — c. des Nerfs oculaires, Thalami
nervorum opticorum — c. des Nerfs optiqnes, Tha.
lami nervorum o])ticorum — c. Optiques, Thalami
nervorum opticorum.
COUCHING, see Cataract.
COUCINEA COCCINEA, Cacoucia coccinea.
COUDE, Elbow.
COUDE-PIED, Instep.
COUDE E, Cubitus.
COUDRIER, Corylus avellana.
COUENNE (F.), Cutis suil'la. A term given
to various parts of the human skin, which are
prominent, hard, brownish, and often covered with
rough hairs, so as to form patches not very unlike
the skin of the hog. It is a malformation, oc-
curring during intra-uterine existence, and re-
maining for life. See, also, Nsevus, and Corium
phlogisticum.
COUENNE JNFLAMMATOIRE, Corium
phlogisticum — c. Pleurctique, Corium phlogisti-
cum.
COUF, Tussis.
COUGH, Tussis — c. Bronchial, C. tubal — c.
Root, Trillium latifolium.
CoUGn, Tubal, Bron'chial cough, Tussis bron'-
ehiea, (F.) Toux tubaire ou bronchique. Cough
is so termed, when the suceussion communicated
by it to the parietes of the chest is very energetic,
and a sensation is experienced by the ear as if a
column of air was traversing tubes with solid
walls, with much noise, strength, and rapidity.
Cough, Winter, Bronchitis, (chronic.)
COUGHING, Tussis.
COUL, Abscess, Swelling.
COULER, To strain.
COULEURS COMPLEMENTAIRES, Co-
lours, accidental.
COULEUVRE, Coluber berus.
COULEUVREE, Bryonia alba— c. de Virgi-
nie, Aristolochia scrpentaria.
COULEUVRINE, Polygonum bistorta.
COULISSE (¥.), 'A groove, a gutter.' Aniv-
tomists designate, by this name, every deep groove
or channel in a bone, in which a tendon plays;—
such as the Coulisse Bicipitale or Bicipital Groove
of the Humerus.
COULISSE BICIPITALE, Bicipital groove-
c. Humerale, Bicipital groove.
COULOIR, Colatorium.
COUM, Colchicum autumnale.
COUMAROUNA ODORATA
251
COVE, CLIMATE OF
COUMAROUNA ODORATA, Dipterix odo-
rala.
COUN'TENANCE, Vultus, Voltue, Visage, (F.)
Fi'jnre, Visiujc : from oim, 'with,' and teneo, 'I
hold.' The form of the face. The system of the
features.
COUNTER -EXTEN'SION, Contra-exten'aio,
AiHil'dHin, (F.) Coiilre-exleiision, from cDntra-ex-
tendcre, 'to e.\terid in a contrary direction. ' It
consists in retaining firmly and immovably the
iilipor part of a limb, whilst extension is practised
on tlie lower, in cases of fracture or lu.xation.
COUNTER-INDICA'TION, r7o)i*c«-t;((//ca'?/o,
Aiili:iiili:i.i-'!i, Aiitcn(li.r'iH, Aiitidd.f'is. An indi-
cation contrary to another. (F.) Coiitre-indiea-
tioii. Any circumstance, which acts as an ob-
stacle to the employment of such therapeutical
means as seem to be indicated by other circum-
stances.
COUNTER-IRRITANT, see Counter-irrita-
tion— c. Granville's, (Lotion,) Granville's Coun-
ter-irritant.
COUNTER-IRRITA'TION, Contra-irritn'tio.
An irritation, excited in a part of the body, with
the view of relieving; one existing in another part.
The remedies used for this purpose are called
Ctiuntcr-rrritnnU, and form a most valuable class
of renioilial agents. Sec Derivation,
COUNTEK-I'OTSON, Antidote.
COIJNTEKSTROKE, Contrafissura.
COUNTING, METHOD OF, Method, numeri-
cal.
COUP, Blow— c. rjp. Feu, Wound, gunshot.
COUP 1)E MAirnK, Tour de Mattre {¥.).
A masterly stroke or performance. Applied to a
mode of introducing the sound or catheter into
tlie bladder, which consists in first passing it with
its convexity towards the abdomen of the patient,
iiMil giving it a half turn towards the right groin,
when its extremity has reached the root of the
penis under the symphysis pubis. There is no
advantage in this mode of introduction.
COUP DE SANG (F.), Illond-strolce. A com-
mon term, used by some physicians in Franco, to
designate the loss of sensation and motion, which
results from hemorrhage in the brain, or from
simple congestion in the vessels of that organ.
See Apoplexy. Some authors have comprehended,
iiiidor the same denomination, difl'erent hemor-
rhages, which occur in the areolar texture of the
face, lungs, skin, &c.
COUP DE SOLEIL (F.), S!ri'a.t!s, Seiri'ash,
Sii-idiis .Ki/i/pti((cn, Ictiit soh's seu sola'n's, In-
Kohi'lin, Eiiri phdii'tis insolatio'nis, Phreni'tis ca-
hiilit'ni, Siro/ce of the miii, yEf/j/pticm Stnmtrolce
or SuiiHti-iike. Any affection produced by the ac-
tion of the sun on some region of the body; —
bead, hands, arms, <tc. A very common effect
of exposing the naked head to the sun is inflam-
niation [?] of the brain or its meninges, Helien-
crphidi'tin, which Sauvages calls Cams ah Ltno-
latid'iie, MitrbuH sohtititi'Un. It has, also, been
called heat npoplc.nj ; although the morbid pheno-
mena observable after death are generally not
confirmatory of either inflammation or apoplexy.
COUP i)E VENT. A windstrokc. The ag-
gregate of morbid phenomena ascribed to expo-
sure to a Idast of nir.
COUPE-liRinE, Kiotome.
COUPEIiOSE, Gutta rosea.
COUPUItE, Cut, Wound (incised.)
COUltALIUM. Coral.
CO U PASTE, Diarrhea.
COUUAP. A distemper, very common in In-
dia, in which there is a perpetual itching of the
surface, and eruption. It is of an herpetic cha-
racter, anil appears chiefly on the axilla, groins,
breast, and face.
COURBARIL, see Anime.
COURDATURE (F.), Acer'ba lassitu'do, Vio-
lent lassitude, Fatit/ue. An indisposition, charac-
terized by a sensation, as if the limbs were bruised;
general feeling of debility, extreme lassitude ;
and, sometimes, slight fever. It appears imme-
diately after severe exercise, but sometimes not;
till the next day. Rest removes it.
COURUURE, Curvature.
COURGE, Cucurbita pepo.
C 0 U R M I or C U R M I, Kovppn, Kvpfn. A fer-
mented liquor, made from barley. A kind of ale
or beer. — Dioscorides.
COURO-MOELLL An Indian tree, the bark
of which is said to be anti-venomous.
COURON'DI, Couron'dn. An evergreen tree
of India, the juice of which, mixed with warm
whey, is said to cure dysentery. — Ray.
OOURONNE, Crown — c. CUiare, Godronne.
canal — c. dn Dent, Crown of a tooth — c. dn Gland.
Crown of the glans — c. de Moine, Leontodon ta-
raxacum— c. de Saint-Jean, Artemisia vulgaris — -
c. dn Trepan, Crown of the trepan — c. de Venus,
Crown of Venus.
CO UR ONNE RA YONNA NTE ( F. ) A term
given by Reil to the fan-shaped terminations of
the eruri cerebri in the brain.
C0UR0NNE3IENT (F.), Coro'na. A vulgar
expression, sometimes used to designate the cir-
cular ring, which the os uteri forms around the
head of the child at a certain period of accouche-
ment— the head seeming to be surrounded, as it
were, by a crown. The head is then said to be
an conronnement.
COUPS DE VENTRE, Diarrhoea.
COURSE, Running.
COURSES, Menses.
COURT, Short.
COURTE HALEINE, Dyspnoea.
COUSIN, Culex.
COUSSfNET, Pad.
COUSSO, llagenia Abyssinica.
COUTEAU, Knife — c Ct Amprdati on, 'Kra^e,
amputation — c. d Cataracte, Knife, cataract — c.
Courbe, Knife, crooked — c. <i Crochet, Knife,
crotchet — c. Desarticulatcnr, Knife, double-edged
— c. Droit, Knife, amputation — c. de Feu, Cultel-
laire — c. Jnterossenx, Knife, double-edged — c.
Lcnticulaire, Knife, lenticular — c. Lithotomc,
Knife, lithotomy — c. en Scrpette, Knife en ser-
pette — c. Symphysien, see Symphyseotomy — c. d
deux Tranehnns, Knife, double-edged.
COUTOU'BEA ALBA, Ex'acnm spica'tum,
Pi'crium spica'tum. A plant of Guiana, which
is very bitter, and is considered, in the country,
to be emmenagogue, anthelmintic, and antidys-
peptic. ,
COUTURES PAR LA PETITE VEROLE,
see Cicatrix.
COUTURIER, Sartorius.
COUVERCLE. see Crucible.
COUVERCHEF (F.), Cucul'lns, Faseia'tio
cuculla'ta,Scepaster'ium,Scepas'trnni. A bandage,
applied to the head for retaining certain dress-
ings, ifcc, in situ. The French surgeons distin-
guish two kinds : 1. The Grand Convreehef ou
Servette en earre {Cucul'lns major), which is
formed of a napkin or large square compress ;
and, 2. The Petit Couvrechef ou Mouchoir en tri-
angle {Cucul'lns minor), formed of a napkin or
other square compress, folded from one angle to
the other diagonally opposite to it.
COUVRECHEF. see Bandage, Galen's.
COVE, CLIMATE OP. On the nortliern side
of Cork Harbour, in Ireland, is the Island of
Cove. The town of Cove is on the southern ac-
clivity of a hill running from east to west. It is,
consequently, sheltered from the north winds.
COVOLAM
252
CRAMBION
and receives tlie full force of the sun. It is one
of the iiiildest diiuates in Great Britain, and cor-
responds in its influence on disease with the
south-west of England. It is well adapted as a
winter retreat for the phthisical.
COVOLAM, Cratce'va Marmelos. The bark of
this tree is tonic; the unripe fruit is astringent;
but, when ripe, is delicious.
COWCANE, Cicuta aquatiea — c. Spotted, Ci-
cuta inaeulata.
COWBERRY, Vaccinium vitis idasa.
COWCUMBER, Cucumis sativus.
COWDEL, Caudle.
COWHAGE, Dolichos pruriens.
COWITCH. Dolichos pruriens.
COWLADY, Cooeinella septempunctata.
COWMUMBLE, Ileracleum spondylium.
COWPARSNEP, Heracleum lanatum, H. spon-
djlium.
COWPER'S GLANDS, Ac'cessorij glands, (F.)
Glandes accensoires oil de Cowpcr, Prostates iii/e-
rieures ou Petites prostates. Called after their
discoverer. Two small ovoid groups of mucous,
reddish follicles, situate behind the bulb of the
urethra, before the prostate, the excretory ducts
of which open into the bulbous portion of the
urethra. They are also called Glan'dula ante-
pros'tatcs, and G. jyros'tata iiifcrio'res. The
terms aiiterior prostate, and atiteprostatjc gland,
are generally, however, given to a third glandu-
lar body, occasionally found in front of, and
between, Cowper's glands.
Cowper's Glands in the Female, Gland'nlm
Cowperi, Glands of Duvemey or of Bartholin,
Pros' tatn mnlie'hris sen Bartholi'ni, Glandca de
Cowper ou de Iliry, G. vnlvaire conglomeree OU
vidco-vaglnide. Corps follietdaire vaginal, are
situate at each side of the entrance of the vagina,
beneath the skin covering the posterior or infe-
rior part of the labia. They are rounded, but
elongated, flat, and bean-shaped ; their long dia-
meter varying from five to ten lines ; their trans-
verse, from two and a half to four and a quarter:
and their thickness from two and a quarter to
three lines. Like Cowper's glands in the male,
they are not invariably present. The secretion
from them is a thick, tenacious, grayish-white
fluid, which is emitted in great quantity during
sexual intercourse; and is probably the fluid
supposed, of old, to be the female sperm.
COWPOX, Vaccina — c. Inoculation, Vaccina-
tion— c. Itch, see Itch, cowpox — c. Vesicle, see
Vaccination.
COWRAP, Impetigo.
COWSLIP, Caltha palustris. Primula veris — c.
Jerusalem, Pulnionaria.
COWSTRIPLINGS, Primula veris.
COWSTROPPLE, Primula veris.
COWTHWORT, Matricaria.
COWTREE, CEYLON, Gymneura laotiferum.
CowTREE, OP South America, Galactodendron
Utile.
COWWEED, Chserophyllum sylvestre.
COXA, Haunch.
COX.ELUVIUxM, Bath, hip.
COXAGRA, Neuralgia femoro-poplitffia.
COXAL'GIA, 3ferocoxal'f/ia, Osjiht/al'gia, Os-
pliyalge'ma. A word of hybrid origin, from coxa,
'hip,' and a^yosj 'pain.' Pain in the hip. A sign
of rheumatic or other inflammation — Coxi'tis, or
of some disease about the hip-joint. See Neu-
ralgia femoro-poplittea, and Coxarum morbus.
COXARTHRITIS, Coxitis.
COXARTHROCACE, Coxarum morbus.
COXA'RUM MORBUS, Coxen' dicus sqm Coxa'-
rius morhns, ArtJiroc'ace coxa' mm, Coxarthroc'-
ace, Osplajarthroc' ace, Coxal'gia (of some), Jlip
Disease. A scrofulous caries, and often sponta-
neous luxation of the head of the os femoris, oc-
casioning permanent shortening of the limb,
and not unfrequently hectic and death — hchio-
phthisis.
COXEN'DIX, Haunch. This word has been
used synonymously with ischium ; and anato-
mists have also applied it to the ilia, Omi
Coxen'dicis,
COXI'TIS, Coxarthri'tis, a hybrid term, from
Coxa, 'the hip,' and itis, denoting inflammation,
Inflammation of the hip-joint.
COXO, in composition. Relating or apper-
taining to the coxal bone.
COXO-FEM'ORAL, Coxo femora' lis. Belong,
ing to the coxal bone or ileum, and to the os fe-
moris. Iliofemoral has the same signiiication.
Coxo-Fem'oral Articula'tion, ll'io-Fanond
A., (F.) Articulation de la Hunche, llip-joini,
(Prov.) Hamch, Locking, Lonlc. The head of the
femur and the articular cavity fire covered by a
diarthrodial cartilage and synovial capsid.c ; and
by a very strong capsular or articular ligament
attached to the circumference of the cotyloid
cavity, and to the neck of the femur. There is,
also, a round or interarticular ligament, passing
from the inferior notch of the cotyloid cavity
to the rough depression at the top of the caput
femoris ; and a cotyloid ligament — a sort of thick,
cartilaginous ring, situate on the edge of the
cotyloid cavity, and converting the inferior notch
into a foramen. These are the great means of
union in this extensive articulation.
CRAB, As'tacus fluviat'ilis, Cancer, Gam'ma-
riis, Gam'barus, Cam'marus, (F.) Crahbe, Ecre-
visse, Escrevice. Class, Crustacea. A shell-fish
much used as an article of diet. Like other
shell-fish, it is apt to disagree, and excite urticar
ria., (fee.
GUABE, Crabyaws.
CRABLOUSE, Pediculus pubis.
CRABS' EYES, Cancrorum chelre— c. Stones,
Canerorum chelae.
CRABYAWS, (F.) Crahe. A name in the
West Indies for a kind of ulcer on the soles of
the feet, with edges so hard, that they are diffi-
cult to cut.
CR ACHAT. Sputum.
CEACHEMENT, Excreation— c. de /'««, Vo-
mica, Phthisis pulmonalis — c. de Sang, lla-mop-
tysis.
CPi.ACnOTE2IENT (F.), from cracher, 'to
spit.' The frequent spitting of a small quantity
of saliva.
CRACKED POT SOUND, Bruit de pot faL
CRACKLING OF LEATHER, see Cwjxi^r
ment de cuir.
CRACOW GROATS, Semolina.
CRADLE, Sax. cpa'oel, Ar'culus, Sokn, (F.)
Arceau ou Arcket. A semicircle of thin wood,
or strips of wood, used for preventing the contact
of the bed-clothes in wounds, fractures, &e. An
ordinance of the Grand Duke of Tuscany forbade
mothers and nurses to sleep with a child near
them, unless it was placed under a solid cradle
of this kind, in order that no accident might
arise from overlaying.
CR^'PALE, from Kpan:a\r,, Crap'ula, 'drunk-
enness, surfeit.' A derangement of the functions
of the brain, &c., produced by wine or any other
fermented li((uor. — Galen.
CRAGBANE, Clavicle.
CRAIE, Creta — c. Barotiqne, Baryta, carbon-
ate of — c. Magnesienne, Magnesias carbonas— c.
de Plonih, Plumbi subcarbonas.
CRAISEY, Ranunculus acris.
CRAMA, Kfiiijia, from Kcpao), 'I mix.' A mix-
ture of any kind. Dilute wine.
CRAM BE, Cabbage.
CRAM'BION, from Kpa/ipv, 'cabbage.' A de-
coction of cabbage. — Hippocrates.
CRAMERIA
253
CRANIOLOGY
CRAMERIA, Krameria.
CRAMP, from ((1.) krampfen, 'to contract.'
CranipuH, Enla'sia ei/ntrem'ma, Tet'anus dolon'f-
ieno, .^/i/oijxiH'mns, Spimmua muscula'ria, MyixV-
nii(, I'lir'/f', Ithnjinfi, Jtheyiiiiia. (F.) Cramjje. A
giuUleii, involuntary, and liighly painful contrac-
tion of a muscle or muscles. It is most fre-
quently experienced in the lower extremities,
and is a common symptom of certain aifcctions —
ns of C'nlifd I'i'-tiiiiHm and Cliahra Morbus. Fric-
tion and compression of the limb, by means of a
li<;ature applied around it above the muscles
affected, will usually remove the spasm.
Champ, Schivknkrs', Cramp, writeYs'.
Champ of tiik STOMAcn, (F.) Crampe de I'Es-
fonific. A sudden, violent, and most painful affec-
tion of the stomach, with sense of constriction in
the epiKastrium. It seems to be the effect of the
spasmodic contraction of the muscular coat of the
stomach, and requires the use of the most powerful
stimulants and antispasmodics, of which opium
is the best.
C It A M p. Writers', GmpJiospasm'ns, 3fogi-
qraph'ia, (F.) Crnmpe des Ecrivains, Scriv'eners'
Cramp, Stam'meriiKj of the Fingers. A condition
of the fingers, in which they are unable to hold
the pen, or in which one or more of the muscles of
the fingers are irregularly and irresistibly con-
tracted.
Cli'A}fPE DES ECRrVAr]VS,Cr&m^,wr\tcTs'.
CIIAMPE VE L'ESTOMAC, Cramp of the
stomach.
CRAy BE BRETAGNE, Cochlearia armo-
racia.
CRANBERRY, Vaccinium oxycoccos — c. Al-
pine, Vnccinium vitis idaea — c. American, com-
mon, see Vaccinium oxycoccos — c. Upland, Ar-
butus uva ursi.
CRANE, Cranium — c. Hnmain, Cranium bu-
rn anuiu.
CRANE'S BILL, Geranium — c. Spotted, Ge-
ranium maculatum — c. Stinking, Geranium Ro-
bertianum.
CRA'NIAL, Crania'Us, Craiua'mis, (F.) Crd-
nien ; same etymon as cranium. Relating or
appertaining to the cranium — as ' cranial
nerves.'
CRANIEN, Cranial,
CRANIOCELE, Encepbalocele.
CRANIOHyEMATONCUS, Cephalfcmatoma.
CRANIOL'OGY, Cranios'copy, Cran{olog"ia,
Cranioman'cy, Phrenol'ogy, Crauioscop'ia, C. Gal-
lia'na, Encephaloscop'ia, Doctri'na Gallia'na.
(F.) Crnniologie, Cmnioscopie. Words intro-
duced, since Gall, into medical language. The
first two terms are respectively derived from
Kpaviov, 'cranium,' \oyoi, 'a discourse,' and okotiuv,
'to examine.' They signify a description, or
simply an examination, of the diff"erent parts of
the external surface of the cranium, in order to
deduce from thence a knowledge of the different
intellectual and moral dispositions. Strictly
speaking, it is by Crmiioscopy that we acquire a
knowledge of Crnniology, Organology, or Cran-
ology, as it has been variously termed. These
words are generally, however, used in the same
sense. The cranium being moulded to the brain,
there are as many prominences on the bone, as
there are projections at the surface of the brain.
According to Gall, each projection, which he calls
an organ, is the seat of a particular intellectual
or moral faculty, and all persons endowed with
the same faculty, have, at the same part of the
brain, a prominence, which is indicated, exter-
nall)', by a bump or projection in the bony case.
The System of Gall is made to comprise 27 pro-
minences, which answer to 27 faculties. The fol-
lowing Table exhibits these supposed organs, and
their scat :
Cerebral Organs and their Seat, according to Gall.
1. TiiKtlnct of generation, of reproduction ; ama-
tivciiess; instinct of propagation; venereal
instinct.
(German.) Zeugungstrieb, Fortpflan-
zungstrieb, Geschlechtstricb.
2. Love of progeny ; philoprogenitii'eness.
(G.) Jungenliebe, Kinderliebe.
.S. Attach iticnt, friendship.
[0.) F r e u n d s c h a f t s i n n .
4. Instinct of drfei\diiig self and property ; love
of strife find combat ; combativeness ; courage.
(G.) Muth, Raufsinn, Zanksinn.
5. Carnivorous instinct; inclination to murder;
destrnclivenesa ; cruelty.
(G.) Wurgsinn, Mordsinn.
0. Cunning; finesse; address; secretiveness.
(G.) List, Schlauheit, Klugheit.
7. Desire of property ; provident instinct ; cupi-
dity; inclination to robbery; acquisitiveness.
(G.) E i g c n t h u m s s i n n , Hang z u s t e h 1 -
en, Einsammlungssinn, Diebsinn.
S. Pride; haughtiness ; love of authority; ele-
ralioii.
(G.) Stolz, Ilochmuth, Hohensinn,
n e r r s c h s u c h t .
9. Vanity ; ambition; love of glory.
(G.) E i t e 1 k e i t , R u h m s u c h t , E h r g e i z .
10. Circumspection ; foresight.
(G.) C e h u t s a m k 6 i t, Vorsicht, Vor-
sich t igh ei t.
11. Memory of things ; memory of facts ; sense
of things ; educability ; perfectibility ; docility.
[G.) Sachedachtniss, Erzichungs-
fiihigkcit, Sachsinn.
Seated in the cerebellum. It is manifested at the
J surface of the cranium by two round protube-
j ranees, one on each side of the nape of the
neck.
] Indicated at the extern.al occipital protuberance.
f About the middle of the posterior margin of the
I parietal bone, anterior to the last.
f Seated a little above the ears, in front of the last,
< and towards the mastoid angle of the parietal
( bone.
(Greatly developed in all the carnivorous animals;
forms a prominence at the posterior and supe-
rior part of the squamous surface of the tem-
poral bone, above the mastoid process.
f Above the meatus auditorius externus, upon the
I sphenoidal angle of the parietal bone,
f Anterior to that of cunning, of which it seems to
I be a prolongation, and above that of mechanics,
Iwith which it contributes to widen the crnniuni,
by the projection which they form at the side
of the frontal bone.
. Behind the top of the head, at the extremity of
1 the sagittal suture, and on the parietal bone.
r Situate at the side of the last, near the posterior
j internal angle of the parietal bone.
i Corresponds to the parietal protuberance.
Situate at the root of the nose, between the t^vo
eyebrows, and a little above them.
CRANIOLOGY
2 54
CRANIUM
12. Sense of local! t y ; sense of the relation of
space; memory of 2>laces.
(G.) Ortsinn, Raumsinn.
13. Jfemory of persons ; sense of persons.
(Cr.) Personensinn.
14. Sense of words ; sense of names; verhal me-
mory.
(G.) Wordgcdachtniss, Namensinn.
15. Sense of upolcen lan<juage ; talent of philo-
lo'iy ; study o/ languages.
(G.) Sprachforschungssinn, W ort-
sinn, Sprachsinn.
16. .S'e»i«e of the relations of colour; talent of
painting.
(G.) Farbensinn.
17. Sense of the relations of tones; musical ta-
lent.
(G.) Tonsinn.
18. Sense of the relations of numbers; mathema-
tics.
(G.) Zahlensinn.
19. Sense of mechanics; sense of construction;
talent of architecture ; industry.
(G.) Kunstsinn, Bausinn.
20. Comparative sagacity.
((?.) Vergleichender Scharfsinn.
21. 3feta2>hysical penetration : depth of mind.
(G.) Metaphysischer Tiefsinn.
22. Wit.
(G.) Witz.
28. Poetical talent.
{G.) Dichtergeist.
24:. Goodness ; benevolence ; mildness; compas-
sion; sensibility ; moral sense; conscience;
bonhommie.
(G.) Gutmuthigkeit, Mitleiden, mo-
ralischer Sinn, Gcwissen.
25. Imitation ; mimicry.
(G.) Nacliahtnungssinn.
2fi. God and religion ; theosophy.
(G.) Theosophisches Sinn.
27. Firmness ; constancy; perseverance; obsti-
nacy.
(G.) Stetigkeit, Fcstersinn.
The first nineteen of these, according to Gall,
are coininon to man and animals; the remaining
eight, man possesses exclusively. They are, con-
sequently, the attributes of humanity.
Organs according to Spukzhbim.
1. Amativeness. — 2. Philoprogenitiveness. —
3. Inhabitiveness. — 4. Adhesiveness or Attach-
ment.— 5. Combativeness. — 6. Destructiveness. —
7. Constructiveness. — 8. Acquisitiveness. — 9. Se-
cretiveness. — 10. Self-esteem. — 11. Love of Ap-
probation.— 12. Cautiousness. — 13. Benevolence.
— 14. Veneration. — 15. Firmness. — 16. Conscien-
tiousness or Justice. — 17. Hope. — 18. Marvel-
lousness. — 19. Wit. — 20. Ideality. — 21. Imitation.
—22. Individuality.— 23. Form.— 24. Size.— 25.
Weight and resistance. — 20. Colour. — 27. Loca-
lity.—28. Numeration.— 29. Order.— 30. Eventu-
ality.—31. Time. —32. Melody or Tune. — 33.
Language. — 34. Comparison. — 35. Causality.
A fundamental principle with the Craniolo-
gisfs or Phrenologists is, — that the brain does not
iict as a single organ, but that it consists of a
plurality of organs: but, vrere we able to admit
this, the assignment of the seat of different facul-
ties could not but be considered premature.
CRAXrOMANCY, Craniology.
CRANIOM'ETRY, Craniomet'ria ; from xpa-
viov, 'the cranium,' and /icTpov, 'measure.' Mea-
surement of the skull. A form of compasses
Answers to the frontal sinus, and is indicated ex-
ternally by two prominences at the inner edi-o
of the eyebrows, near the root of the nose, aud
outside of the organ of memory of things.
] At the inner angle of the orbit.
r Situate at the posterior part of the bnse of the
J two anterior lobes of the brain, on the frnntul
] pnrt of the bottom of the orbit, so as to make
[ the cyo prominent.
i
Also at the top of the orbit, between the preced-
ing and that of the knowledge of colour.
The middle part of the eyebrows, encroaching a
little on the forehead.
A little above and to one side of the last; above
the outer third of the orbitar arch.
On the outside of the organ of the sense of the
relation of colour, and below the last.
A round protuberance at the lateral base of tlio
frontal bone, towards the temple, and behind
the organs of music and numbers.
At the middle and anterior part of the frontal
bone, above that of the memory of things.
In part confounded with the preceding. Indi-
cated at the outer side of the last by a protu-
berance, which gives to the forehead a peculiar
hemispherical shape.
At the lateral and outer part of the last; and giv-
ing greater width to the frontal prominence.
On the outer side of the last; divided into two
halves by the coronal suture.
Indicated by an oblong prominence above the
organ of comparative sagacity; almost at the
frontal suture.
At the outer side of the last.
At the top of the frontal bone and at the superior
angles of the parietal bone.
The top of the head; at the anterior and most
elevated part of the parietal bone.
used for this purpose is called a craniometer, (F.)
Craniometre.
CRANIOPATHI'A; from Kpaviov, 'the cra-
nium,' and nadoi, ' disease.' Disease of the cra-
nium.
CRANIOPLAS'TY, Oranioplas'tice, from xpa-
viov, ' the skull,' and ttXiio-ctu), ' I form.' An ope-
ration for the restoration of the soft parts and
bones of the cranium.
CRANIOSCOPY, Craniology.
CRANIO-SPINAL, Cephalo-spinal.
Cranio-Spinal Axis, see Encephalon.
CRANIOSTENOSIS, see Microcephalus.
CRANIO'TABES, from Kpanov, 'the skull,'
and tabes, 'wasting.' A softening of the bones
of the cranium, and a consequent thinness of
those bones, — as the occiput, (soft occiput,) —
which are much exposed to pressure. It is a
variety of rickets. — Elsasser.
CRANIOT'OMY, Craniotom'ia, (F.) Crauioto.
mie ; from Kpaviuv, 'the cranium,' and to^i;, 'in-
cision.' The operation of opening the head in
parturition.
Craniotomy Fouceps. An instrument, resem-
bling the lithotomy forceps, for laying hold of
and breaking down the bones of the" head in par-
turition.
CRANIUM, Crn'nion, Crannm, Calv^'ria.Scn'-
phion, Conchus, Calva, Olla cap'itis, 'fheca ctr'-
cbri, Drain-pan, (Old Eng.) Pannikdl, (Prov.)
CRANOMANCY
CREATINE
Ifarnpnn, the skull; from Kpaioi, 'a, helmet,' or
I'rom xpavov, 'head;' (F.) C'rdne. The collection \
of bones which form the case for lodging the |
hrain and its mcnibrancs, as well as their vessels, I
and some of the nerves. These bones are eight
in number — the frontal, occipital, two parietal,
two temporal, the njihenoid, and ethmoid. Besides
these, there might be considered, as belonging to
the cranium, the cornua sphenoidalia, the bones
of the ear, and the ossa Wormiana. Dr. Prichard
has characterized the primitive forms of the skull
according to the width of the Brerjma, or space
Itctwecn the parietal bones : 1. The Stenohreg-
iiiale, {arcvoi, 'narrow,') or Ethiopian variety. 2.
The .Uenobrer/mate, (ftaos, 'middle,') or Caucasian
variety ; and .3. The Platyhrecjmate, (irAaruj,
' broad,') or Mongolian variety.
Cranium Huma'num, Human Cra'nittrn or
.•?/.-«//. (F.) Crdne humain. This was anciently
much u?ed in prescriptions, and was considered
:iiiti-epileptic, alexipharmie, antiloimie, Ac.
CllANOMAN'CY, Cranomanti'a, from xpavov,
'the head,' and fiavreta, 'divination.' (F.) Cra-
uomaitcie. The art of divining — from the inspec-
tion of the head or cranium — the moral disposi-
tions and inclinations of individuals.
CHANSON, Cochleariaarmoracia.C. officinalis.
CllANSSAC, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Cranssac is a village in the department of Avey-
ron, six leagues from Rhodez, which possesses
acidulous chalybeate springs, that have been
known for a long time.
CRANTER, from xpaivtiv, 'to finish,' 'render
perfect.' The Dinx Sapien'ticB has been so called.
CRANUM, Cr.anium.
CRAPULA, Craepale.
CRAQUEMENT BE CUIR NEUF (F.),
Xconrf/te'cliun, 'crackling of new leather.' A
sound like the crackling of new leather, somc-
I lines heard on examining the heart with the
stethoscope, which is symptomatic of pericar-
ditis.
CRAQUEMEXTPULMONATRE, (F.) 'Pul-
monary crackling.' This hrtiit or sound consists
in a succession of small cracklings, hoard during
inspiration, and almost always at the top of the
lung. It is heard at the commencement of phthisis.
CRASIS, from xepavwixi, ' I mix.' A mixture
of the constituents of a fluid; as the eraxis of the
lilood, hiiuiours, &c. The word has also been
employed in a more extensive signification, as
synonvmous with Constitution, Temperament, &c.
CRASPEDON, Staphylocdema.
CRASSAJIEN'TU.M. from rraxxnx, 'thick.'
The thick part or deposit of any fluid. It is par-
ticularly applied to the clot of the blood.
Crass AM KNTUM Sangui.vks, see Blood.
CRASSE, (F.) Dirt or impurity. A sort of
layer or endnit, which covers the skin, where
cleanliness is not attended to ; and which is
sometimes the result of the cutaneous exhala-
tion ; at others, of extraneous matter adhering to
the surface of the body.
CRASSE'N.\. A term by which Paracelsus
designated the saline, putrescent, and corrosive
principles, which, he thought, gave rise to ulcers
and tumours of different kinds.
CRASS'ULA, from crassiis, 'thick.' owing to
the thickness of its leaves. Scduiu telepliium.
Crassula Auborescexs, see Cotyledon orbi-
culnta — c. Povtulacacea, c. Tetragona.
Cras'sula Tetrago'na. A South African
.succulnnt plant, Ord. Crassulaceae, which is
somewhat astringent. Boiled in milk it is used
in dinrrha?a. CranHuln portulnca'cea is said to
be used in similar cases.
CRASSl'S, Corpulent.
CR.\T^E'(JUS A'RIA, from xparof, 'strength,'
owing to the hardness of the wood. Mes'jnlna,
Jf. A'ria, Aria seu Sorhus, S. Aria seu Alpi'r.a,
White Bean Tree, (F.) Alisier blanc, Alouche,
Alouchier. The fruit, which is of the size of a
small pear, is slightly astringent, and somewhat
agreeable to the taste. It has been employed in
diarrhoea.
CRAT^VA MARMELOS, Covolara.
CRATERAU'CHEN, from xparcpoi, 'strong,'
and av^riv, 'neck.' One with a strong neck : as
well as a strong neck itself.
CRATEViESIUM, Sisymbrium nasturtium.
CRATOS, Force.
CRAUTE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Craute
is a village five leagues from Autun, in France,
where are mineral springs, containing sulpho-
hydrate of magnesia, chloride of sodium, chlo-
ride of lime, sulphate of lime, and carbonate of
magnesia.
CRA VA TE SUISSE (F.), ' Swiss cravat.' A
band of the longitudinal or superficial layer of
the muscular filires of the stomach, along the
lesser curvature of the organ, the shape of which
it assists in preserving: — so called, on account
of a fancied resemblance to a Swiss cravat.
CRAW-CRAW. A species of itch, common on
the African coast. — Bovle.
CRAYEUX, Cretaceous.
CRA YON NOIR, Graphites.
CRAZINESS, Insanity.
CRAZY, Insane, Pain.
CREA, Shin.
CREAM, Cremor seu FIob lactis, (Prov.)
Ream, (F.) Crime, A thick, unctuous matter,
of a yellowish-white colour, and sweet, agreeable
taste, which rises to the surface of milk, if kept
at rest. It is composed of butter, scrum, and
casein.
Creme is a name given in France to honilUes
prepared with farina of different kinds ; as the
Cream of Rice, (F.) Crfme de Riz, C. of Baric,/,
(F.) C. d'Orge, Ac. The same term, and 'medi-
cinal cream,' (F.) Crime medicinnle. are used by
M. Beral for a preparation, resulting from the
union of j/olk of ci/g and sngar witli milk, with
or without the addition of medicinal agents.
Cream, Rigor — c. Cold, Ceratum Galeni, Un-
guentum Aquas rosse — c. of Tartar, Potassae
supertartras.
CREAS. Rubeola.
CRE'ASOTE, Cre'oaote, Creaxo'tnm. Krc'axnte,
Crenso'fon, Creazo' ton ; O.ry-hydro-earhnre'tnm
ex o'lco pi/roxi/l'ico para'tum, (Ph. L.) from xptai,
'flesh,' and oiamf,, 'a preserver.' A substance
discovered not long ago by Reiehenbach. It is
obtained from tar, by distillation, and appears to
be the active antiseptic and medicinal agent in
tar-water and crude pyroligneous .acid. It is a
colourless transparent fluid, of a penetrating and
disagreeable odour, and is freely soluble in alco-
hol and acetic acid. Its taste is bitter. S. g.
1"037. It coagulates albumen, whence its hivmo-
static power. It is a most powerful antiseptic;
and has been largely administered in hemorrhages
both internally and externally. As an external
application, it has been used in burns, ulcers,
especially those of a sloughing character, chronic
cutaneous affections, and has been apjilied to
tapeworm when protruded, &c. Internally, it
has be-en administered in phthisis, vomiting,
diabetes mcllitus, nervous diseases, chronic
glanders, <fec. The dose internally is one or two
drops. Externally, it is sometimes applied pure ;
at others, diluted, and commonly with water,
(f^<s to f^^vj :) or in the form of ointment, (f^ss
to ^i of cerate.)
CREASOTE PLANT, Larrea Mexicana.
CRE'ATINE, Cre'atin, Creati'na, Kre'atine,
from Kptai, ' fiesh.' A nitrogenized crystalliz.able
neutral substance, obtained by the agency of
CREATININE
250
CRETACEOUS
water and heat in making broths and soups. It
does not combine either with acids or alliulies.
By the action of strong acids, creatine is con-
verted into Creatinine or Kreatiniite, a substance
which lias a strong alkaline reaction, and forms
crystallizable salts with acids. It preexists to a
small extent in the juice of flesh ; and is found
in coniunction with creatine in urine.
CREATININE, see Creatine.
CREATOPHAGUS, Carnivorous.
CREAZOTON, Creasote.
CREEPER, TRUiMPET, Tecoma radicans—
c. Virginia, Ampelopsis quinquefolia, Tecoma
radicans.
CREEPERS, Fidgets.
OREMASON. Pyrosis.
CRE.MAS'TER, Snsjjciidic'iilum,Eleva'tor Tes-
tie'uli, Mhs'cuJus Testis seu Testicon'dua. That
which suspends; from Kpcfiaui, '1 suspend.' The
Greeks designated, by this term, the spermatic
cord, or all the parts by which the testicle is,
as it were, suspended; but, since Vesalius, it has
received its present limited meaning. The ere-
inaster is a very thin, muscular fascia — sometimes
hardly perceptible — which detaches itself from
the internal oblique muscle ; passes through the
abdominal ring, and vanishes around the tunica
vaginalis; serving to draw up the testicle, and
to move it slightly. It has been, also, called
TunicK Eryfhrui'drs and Siispenso'riitm Testis.
CREMAS'Tin^IC, Cremaster'icus, same ety-
mon as Cremaster. Appertaining or relating to
the cremaster, — as 'crt'Wia«?e;ic artery,' — a branch
of the epigastric.
CREME, Chrisma.
CREME, Cream— c. Bfedicinnl, see Cream — c.
de Sou/re, Sul])liur i)ra;cipitatum — c. de Tartre,
Potassie supertartras.
CREMER. The common name for a disease
frequent in Hungary, which is produced by ex-
cess in eating and drinking. — Chomel.
CREMXOI, plural of Kprmvo;, 'a steep bank.'
The li])s of an ulcer. ThQ Labia jutden'di. — Hip-
pocrates, Foesius.
CREMNON'CUS, from x^nnvoi, 'the labia pu-
dendi,' and oyKoi, 'a tumour.' A svvelling of the
labia jiuilendi.
CREMOR LACTIS, Cream — c. Tartari, Po-
tassae supertartras — c. Urinao, see Urine.
CRENA, Cenatu'ra, Dentic'nlus, (F.) Crine-
Inre. In the plural, the small teeth or projec-
tions in the bones of the cranium, by means of
which an accurate junction is formed at the su-
tures. Crcnelure has also been used in surgery,
for the gutter or groove in certain instruments,
which is generally intended to secure the passage
of cutting instruments; the groove, for example,
of a director.
CRENATURA, Crena.
CRENEL URE. Crena.
CRE'OLE, (S.) CrioUo; from (S.) criar, ' to
create or foster.' A native of America, or of the
West Indies, born of parents who have emigrated
from the Old World, or from Africa. Hence
there may be white as well as black Creoles. —
Tschudi.
CREOPHAGUS, Carnivorous.
CREPALIA TEMULENTA, Lolium temu-
lentuni.
CREPANELLA, Plumbago Europa?a.
CREPA'TIO, Crepatu'rn, from creprtre, crepa-
tnm, 'to make a noise.' The action of bursting
any seed by ebullition. Coque ad crepatu'ram,
' Boil till it bursts.'
CREPATURA. Hernia.
CREPIDINES, PALPEBRARUM, see Tarsus.
CREP'ITANT, Crep'itntinr/, Crep'itana; same
etymon as Crepatio. Crackling.
Rale Crepitant Sec ii Grosses Billies, 'dry
crackling noise with formation of large bubbles '
is heard in pulmonary emphysema, when the dis-
tension uecomes greater and greater, and is fol-
lowed by rupture of the vesicles. The air forciinr
itself a passage in the interlobular areolar tissue
gives rise to this Jhlle during inspiration.
Rale Crepitant Sec of Laennec, R. vesiciihiire.
The crepitant rattle, Crepita'tio vesinda'ris, heard
during respiration, in severe pneumonia and in
oedema of the lung; so termed on account of the
analogy between the sound and that occasioned
by pressing a healthy lung between the fingers.
It resembles the sound produced by riibbing
slowly and firmly between the finger and thumb
a lock of hair near the ear. The Rhonchns crip'i.
tuns redux, (F. ) Rule crepitant rednx, is the sound
heai^ in respiration coexistent with the resolution
of pneumonia. It indicates the return of the cells
to the pervious condition.
CREPITATIO, Crepitation — c. Vesicularis,
Crepitation.
CREPITATION, Crepita'tio, Crejy'itns, from
crepitare, ' to make a noise.' CraekHnr/. Cre-
pitation or crepitus, (F.) Cliquetis, has been used,
in Suryery, to designate the noise occasioned by
the friction of if aptured bones, when the surgeon
moves them in certain directions. When it can-
not be heard at a distance, it may be detected by
the immediate application of the ear, or by the
use of the stethoscope. Crepitus or crackling is,
likewise, met with in cases of gangrene, when air
is effused into the areolar membrane — provided
the part be carefully examined with the fingers.
The same term is used for the cracking of the
joints in health or disease.
CREPITUS, Crepitation, Fart— c. Lupi, Ly-
coperdon.
CRESCENTIA, Growth.
Cubscen'tia Cuju'te; called after Cresccntio,
an Italian writer on agriculture; Cujete, Narroio-
leaved Calabash Tree. Ord. Solanea;. The jjulp
of the fruit of this West India plant is acidulous.
It is used in diarrhoea and headach ; and, in syrup,
for diseases of the chest.
CRESCENTIA., Waxing kernels.
CRESERA, see Cribration.
CRESPINUS, Oxyacantha Galeni. ^
CRESS, BITTER, COMMON, Cardamine pra^
tensis — c. Garden, Lepidium sativum — c. Indian,
'Tropajolum majus — c.Meadow, Cardaraine i)r:iten-
sis — c. Penny, Thlaspi — c. Swines', Coelilearia
coronopus — c. Water, Sisymbrium nasturtium—
c. Water, marsh. Nasturtium palustre.
CRESSES, DOCK, Lapsana — c. SciaUca, Le-
pidium Iberis.
CRESSI, Sisymbrium nasturtium.
CRESSON ALENOIS, Lepidium sativum —
c. Elegant, Cardamine pratensis — c. de Fontaine,
Sisymbrium nasturtium — c. des 7)irfe», Tropaso-
lum majus — c. des Jardins, Lepidium sativum —
c. da Ifexique, Tropaeolum majus — c. de Para,
Spilanthus oleraceus — c. des Pres, Cardamine
pratensis.
CREST, Crista— c. of the Ilium, see Crista of
the Ilium— c. of the Pubis, see Crista of the Pu-
bis—c. of the Tibia, see Crista of the Tibia— c. of
the Urethra, see Crista urethralis.
CRETA, Car'bonas calcis friab'ilis, Cnr'hnnas
calca'rens, Glisomar'go, Melia Terra, Chalk, Car-
bonate of Lime, (F.J Crate. Native friable car-
bonate of lime.
Creta Prepara'ta, Car'bonas Calcis prapa-
ra'tus. Prepared Chalk. (Prepared by levigatioD.)
Used externally, as an absorbent; internally, as
an antacid. Dose, gr. x to 7j or more.
CRETA'CEOUS, Creta'ceus,{Y.) Crayc»r, from
crcta, ' chalk.' Containing, or relating to, or
CRETE
257
CRICOID
having the characters of, chalk ; as ' cretaceous
mixture, cretaceous tubercles.'
VliliTl-j, Crista — c. de Coq, Crista galli — c. de
V Ethmiiide Crista galli — c. Urilhrule, Gallinagi-
ois C!\|iut.
ClU-nEFAC'TION, Cretefac' tio, from creta,
'chalk,' and j'ltcere, fucUim, 'to make.' Forma-
tion of, or conversion into chalk, as the conver-
sion of tubercles into calcareous or cretaceous
concretions ; Ctdcijication.
Cli/iTES JJE aOQ, see Crista.
CRETIN. One afi'ected with cretinism. The
word is s;iid to coiuo from Clirelien, 'Christian,'
because tlie Cretin, being in a state of idiocy, is
incapable of coiumitting any sin [?] See Cagot.
CRHT'INISM, Cretiiiin'iiiHS, Cret'inage, Cijrto'-
glu Ciclinis'mns, Kretinia'mim, Itlioti'a endem'icci,
Idiiilinin'uH eiidem'iriie, Fatu'ilas fonvall'inna
geu Alpivdlu'riiin, Micrenceph'dlon, (F.) Creti-
nisme. An epidemic affection in the low, deep,
narrow situations of the Valais ; in the valley of
Aost, Maurienne, a port of Switzerland, the Pyre-
nees, Tyrol, (fee. It is a state of idiocy, com-
monly accompanied by an enormous goitre, and
is often hereditary. The unfortunate cr6tin is
little better than the animals around him. He
rarely attains an advanced age. Like idiocy,
cretinism has been divided into complete and in-
complele.
ORE USE T, Crucible.
CItEUX DE L'AISSELLE, see Axilla— c. de
rEiloiiiac, Fosxette du cvpiir — c. de la Main, Palm.
CREUZNACH, MINERAL WATERS OF.
The siirings of Creuznach are in Gernvany. They
contain iodine, bromine, and the chlorides of
sodium and calcium.
CREUZOT, MINERAL WATERS OF. C. is
a mountain to the north-east of Mount Cenis.
Near it is a saline chalybeate spring.
CR EVASSE, (¥.) Rima,hom crever, ' iohrtak
or crack.' A crack, a cleft. The words crevagne,
(jer(;iire, fiKKure, and rhar/ade are often used sj'no-
uymously for small longitudinal cracks or clinps
of a more or less painful character. Sometimes,
crevasse is employed to designate the solutions of
continuity or ruptures, which supervene in dis-
tended parts, in the urinary passages, uterus, &c. :
it is then synonymous with rupture.
CREWDS, Rubeola.
CREWEL, Primula veris.
CRf, Cry — c. de Ciiir, Bruit de Craquement,
Craqiieiiu-iit de cuir neiif.
CRlliLE, Cribratus.
CRIRRA, see Cribrntion.
CRIBRA'TION, Cribra'tio, Concinishniis, from
crihrare, cribratxm, 'to sift.' Sifting. A phar-
maceutical operation, which consists in separat-
ing the finer parts of drugs from the coarser.
Sieces, DriDiiHieres, are used for this purpose.
These were formerly called Cribra ; Con'cinoi.
A sieve for separating the bran from meal was
termed Cre'sera, Aleurote'sia, Cribrum Pollina'-
ri'iim.
CRIBRA'TUS, Cribro'am, from cribrum, 'a
sieve.' (F.) CribM. Having holes like a sieve.
Lame criblee, Crib'riform plate, is the horizontal
lamina of the ethmoid bone — so called because it
is perforated like a sieve. Through the perfora-
tions, Param'ina cribro'sa, the olfactory nerves
pass.
La'miiia Cribro'sa of .•Vlbinus; Crib'riform la-
mel'ln — a circular spot, perforated with small
holes, seen when the optic nerve is regarded from
the inside, after removing the retina and choroid.
From these holes the medullary matter may be
expressed.
CRlli'UirORM, Cribriform' is, from cribrum,
17
'a sieve,' and forma, 'form.' The ethmoid bone
was formerly so called. — Oa Cribrifor'me.
CriiBRiFORM Compress. A square piece of
linen pierced with a number of holes. This is
spread with cerate and applied to a suppurating
surface, the holes being intended for the escape
of the pus.
Cribriform Fascia, see Fascia, cribriform — c.
Lamella, see Cribratus — c. Plate of the Ethmoid,
see Cribratus.
CRIBROSUS, Cribratus.
CRIBRUM POLLINARIUM, see Cribration.
CRICARYTENODES, Crico-arytenoid.
CRICELLA'SIA, Cricelu' sia, KpiKri\aaia, from
KfiKOi, 'a circle,' and t\avviD, 'I drive.' An exer-
cise with the ancients, which appears to have
been the same as the childish play of rolling the
hoop.
CRICK IN THE NECK, Shoot, (Prov.) Hod.
A painful rheumatic affection of the muscles of
the neck, which causes the person to hold his
head to one side in a characteristic mannter.
CllICO. In composition, appertaining or re-
lating to the cricoid cartilage.
C R I C 0- A R Y T'E NOI D, Crico-arytenoideus,
Crivaryteno'des. Relating to the cricoid and ary-
tenoid cartilages.
Cuico-ARYT'ENOin Muscle, Crico-arytenoidevs
latera'lis, Crico-latero-arytetio'idieii. A muscle
which proceeds from the lateral part of the supe-
rior edge of the cricoid cartilage to the outer and
anterior part of the base of the arytenoid carti-
lage. It carries the arytenoid cartilage outward
and forward.
Crico-Aryt'enoid, Poste'rior; Crico-aryte-
no'ideus posti'cus, Crico-crSti-artetioidieii, Dila-
tateur posterieur du Larynx. A small, triangular
muscle, seated in the back part of the larynx. It
extends from the prominent line, at the middle
of the posterior surface of the cricoid cartilage, to
the outer and posterior part of the base of the
arytenoid cartilage.
Crico-Arytenoideits Supe'rior, of Winslow,
forms part of the Aryteno'ideus of modern anato-
mists.
CR ICO - CRE TI-A R YTEN 0 TDIEN. Crioo-
arytenoid, posterior — c. Latero-aryteno'idien,
Crico-arytenoid.
CRICO PHARYNGE'AL, Crico-Pharynge've.
Belonging to the cricoid cartilage and pharynx.
Crico-Pharvngeus muscles of Winslow, is a
fleshy bundle, which forms part of the Constrictor
Plinryngis inferior. Ho calls the other part
Thyro-pharynge'us, and proposes to call the
whole Thyro-vrico-pharynqens.
CRICO'-THYREOIDES, Crico-Thyroidean.
CrICO-ThyroideaN, Crico-tln/rnid, Crico-thy-
reo'des, Crico-thyreoV den, Crico-thyreo'irteiis. Be-
longing to the cricoid and thyroid cartilages.
Crico-Thyroid Membrane is of a fibrous na-
ture, and extends from the upper edge of the
cricoid cartilage to the inferior edge of the
thyroid.
Crico-Thyroid Muscle, Crico-tliyro'idcus, (F.)
Dilatitteur anterieur du larynx, is a small fleshy
bundle, of a triangular shape, at the anterior and
inferior part of the larynx. It extends from the
outer surface of the cricoid cartilage to the late-
ral parts of the inferior margin of the thyroid car-
tilage ; and its use is to approximate, anteriorly,
the corresponding margins of the cricoid and thy-
roid cartilages; and thus to stretch the ligaments
of the glottis, which it contracts by separatin"
the thyroid cartilage from the arytenoid.
CR 'iCO- TH YR 0-PHAR YNGIEN, Constric-
tor pharyngis.
CRICOID, Orico'i'deus, Crico'i'des, Crico'den,
Annula'ris, Cymbalo' ris, from KpiKoq, 'a ring,'
and u6oi, ' form.' Having the form of a ring.
CRICOIDES
258
CROCIDIXIS
A name given to one of the cartilages of tiie |
larynx, CurllUi'ijo innomiua'tn, (F.) Cnrtiln<je
(tnoinjiiie, which is situate at its lower part, be-
tween the thyroid and tirst ring of the trachea.
It is imu'h higher behind than before.
CRICOIDES, Annular, Cricoid.
CRICOS, King.
CllIMNO'DES, Crimnvi'des, from Kpi/ivov,
'coarse meal, bran,' and ctios, 'resemblance.'
Resembling meal or bran. Applied to urine,
which deposits a bran-like sediment, Qrimnu'des
Uri' Hit.
CRIMNON, Farina.
CRINA'LE, from crimi, 'hair.' An instru-
ment formerly used to compress in cases of fis-
tuhi lacrymalis. It has its name from the cir-
cumstance of its having at one end a small cushion
stuffed with hair. — Scultetus.
CRINA'TUM. A species of fumigation, used
by Paulus of jEgina. The roots of lilies entered
into the process; hence its name, — from Kpivov,
'the lily.'
CRINES, Hair.
CRINIS, Capillus.
CRINKLE-CRANKLE, Wrinkle.
CRINOM'YRON, from Kpivov, 'the lily,' and
Hvpov, 'ointment.' Un(ji(e)i'tiim liliu'ceiun, U.
yE<jijp'tiiim album, U. Susi'iium. An ointment,
composed of lilies and some aromatic plants. —
Gorrseus.
CRINON, Lilium candidum.
CRINONES, see Acne punctata.
URIOLLO. Creole.
CRIOMYX'OS. In antiquity, one who had
much mucus flowing from his nasal fossae, like
the ram : from K^ioi, ' a ram,' and /J«|a, ' mucus.'
CRISIS, Dinc'riain, DijuiUca'tin, 'decision;'
from (fpii'u), ' I decide.' This word has been used
in various acceptations. Some mean by criais of
a disease, when it augments or diminishes consi-
derably, becomes transformed into another, or
ceases entirely. Some have used the word to
signify only the favourable changes which super-
vene in disease ; others, for the change going on
in the acme or violence of the disease. Others,
again, have given this name only to a rapid and
favourable change, joined to some copious eva-
cuation or eruption ; whilst others have applied
the term to the symptoms that accompany such
change, and not to the change itself; — thus in-
cluding, under the same denomination, the criti-
cal phenomena and the crisis.
CRISPA'TION, Crispntu'ra, from crispare,
crispatum, ' to wrinkle.' A contraction or spas-
raodic constriction, which supervenes in certain
parts, either spontaneouslj' or by the influence of
some nioriiific cause or therapeutical agent. The
capillary vessels of a wound are, by the French,
termed crispes, when, immediately, after an ope-
ration, the blood does not flow from them. The
skin is said to be erispee, when contracted, and
the bulbs of the hair become more prominent.
Crispntion of the nerves is a slight convulsive
motion of external or internal parts, much less
than that which occurs in convulsion.
CRISTA, A mhe, Ambon. A crest. (F.) Crgte.
A name given to several bony projections; also,
to the clitoris.
The word Crefes (F.), Crista, is also used, in
France, for fimbriated excrescences, which form
at the anus, and near the genital organs; and are
commonly owing to the syphilitic virus. Cretes
de Coq are syphilitic excrescences, resembling, in
form, the crest of the cock.
Crista Galli; two Latin words, signifying
the eomb of a cock, (F.) Crete de I'ethmo'ide, C.
de Coq. A flat, triangular process, rising above
,tbe. cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone, and re-
sembling a cock's comb. It gives attachment to
the anterior part of the falx cerebri.
Crista or Crest op thk Il'iiim, is the supe-
rior margin of the ilium : — the Crista or Crest of
the Tib'ia, the anterior edge, the shin; and the
Crista or Crest of the Pubis, the posterior sharp
edge on the upper surface of the bone. Winslow
calls the nymplia', Cristm of the clit'oris; nnd
Chaussier, the verumoutanum. Crista Urethra',
lis, Crest of the Urelhrn.
Crista Intruna, Frontal Spine — c. Sphcnoi-
dalis, Sphenoidal spine — c. Tibia;, Shin — c.
Urethralis, Gallinaginis caput.
Crista Vkstib'ti-i, Eminen'tia pyramidu'lit.
A crest which divides the vestibule of the car
into two fossa;, — one inferior and liemisplu'rical,
called Fo'vea hemispha' rica. Sinus rotiiii' due; tho
other superior and semi-elliptical, Fo'vea etlip.
tica seu semi-ell ip'tica seu hemi-ellipl'ica, Siiiui
ovatus. Morgagni has described a third groove-
like fossa, Jieces'sus seu Fo'vea sulcifunii'is, situ-
ate at the mouth of the common orifice of the two
superior semicircular canals.
CRISTiE CLITORIDIS, Nympha;.
CRISTALLIN, Crystalline.
CRISTALLINE, Mesembryanthemum crys-
tallinum.
CRISTALLOIDITIS, Phacitis.
CRITHE, Hordeolum, Hordeum, Penis.
CRITHIDION, Hordeolum.
CRITHMUM MARIT'IMUM, Crithmnm, Ca-
chri/s marit'iiua, Fveiiic'ulum tiiari'imni, Samphiie,
(F.) Passe-plerre, Perce-pierre, Fenouil marin,
Bacih. Firm ill/, Umbelliferae. Se.r. Stjst. Pen-
tandria Digynia. A plant which grows on the
sea-coasts, has a spicy, aromatic flavour, and is
used, pickled, as a condiment.
The Caaponga of Brazil is a kind of crithmnm.
CRIT'ICAL, Crit'icus, (F.) Critique. Bclonj;-
ing to a crisis.
Critical Days, Dies crit'ici seu judiento'rli
seu Deereto'rii seu Prin'cipes seu Radicu'Ua seu
Contemplab'iles seu Internun'cii, (F.) Juurs cri-
tiques, are those on which a crisis, it is imngincd,
is most likely to happen. According to Hippo-
crates and Galen, tlie greatest number of fevers
terminate favourably on the 7th day, and many
on the 14th; — these two days being the most
propitious. Next to these come, in order of effi-
ciency, the 9th, llth, 20th or 21st, 17th, 5th, 4th,
3d, ISth, 27th, and 2Sth. The si.\th day wns
called by Galen, the Ti/rnnt, rupuvvnj, because
the crises that happened then were generally un-
favourable. After this, the most utifavouraWe
were the 8th, 10th, 12th, Ifith, and I'.lth. The
13th was a sort of neutral day ; the crises which
happened on it being neither favourable nor un-
favourable. Days were, also, divided into Infer-
calary, on which the crises happened less fre-
quently, and were less complete than on tho
critical or indicatory ; — and into vacniil and noii-
dec' retory, on which a crisis hardly ever occurred.
According to this division, they were enumerated
as follows :
Critical days 7th, 14th, 20th, 27th, 34th,
40th, 60th, &c.
Indicatory days 4th, llth, 17th, 24th, Ac.
Intercalary days 3d, 5th, 6th, 9th, Ac
Non-decretory days..2(i, 8th, 10th, 12th, 13th, Ac.
Fortunate crises were considered to be indi-
cated by favourable signs appearing three dayi
before.
CRITICAL PERIOD, see Menses.
CnrriQUE, critical.
CROCHET, Crotchet.
CROCIDISMUS, Carphologia.
CROCIDIXIS, Carphologia.
CROCINUM
2 59
CROUP
CRO'CTNUM, from KpoKOi, 'saffron.' Made
with saffron ; coloured with saffron.
CROC(J'DES, from KpoKo^, 'saffron,' and eiioi,
' reseinV)lance.' Certain troches into which saf-
fr<m entered as an ingredient. — Paulus of iEgina.
CUOCODrLKA, Sterciis Lacei'tce. The ex-
croinents of the crocodile, which the Arabists
extolled as a remedy for cutaneous diseases, and
which was long used as a cosmetic.
CROCODILIUM, Echinops.
(,'UOCO.MA(i'MA, from Kpoxoi, 'saffron,' and
ijuyita, ' a iineafled or S()ueezed mass.' A kind
(if iroch, composed of saffron and spices. — Galen,
Dioscorides, Paulus of iEgina, Scribonius Largus.
CROCUS, C. eati'viia seu officiiia'lis seu Aua-
tiinciiH seu OrientiiTiK, Medici' ita Trist!t"i(B, Pa-
iiiK-e'a veyclab'ilin, Znffraii, An'ima Pulmo'num,
Jiwia floH, Saffron, (F.) Sn/raii. Order, Iridaceae.
The stigmata. Crocus (Ph. U. S.,) are the parts
ii<ed in medicine. They are brought from the
East. The odour is aromatic, and the taste aro-
iiiiitic, pungent, and bitter: — the colour deep
iirange red. Its virtues are yielded to alcohol,
wine, vinegar and water. Its operation has been
considered stimulant, exhilarating and diapho-
retic. It is not much used.
Cake Suffron is sometimes met with. It con-
sists of one part of saffron and nine of marigold,
niii<le into a cake with oil, and pressed.
Citocus, Colcothar — c. Antimonii, Oxydum
stibii sulphuratum — c. Austriacus, Crocus — c.
liermanicus, Carthamus tinctorius — a. Indicus,
Curcuma longa — c. Martis adstringens, Colcothar
— c. Miirtis aperiens, Ferri subcarbonas — c. Mar-
tis vitriolatus, Colcothar — c. Metallorum, Oxydum
fiihii sulphuratum — c. Officinalis, Crocus — c. Ori-
eiitalis. Crocus — c. Saracenicus, Carthamus tinc-
torius— c. Sativus, Crocus.
CROCYDISMUS, Carphologia.
CROIL, Nanus.
('nUrSE{F.), Crucia'tHs, Crossed. An epithet
given to paralysis, when it attacks the arm of one
side and the leg of another.
CROrSEMKNT, Crossing.
CROISSAXCE, Growth.
CROISSAXCES, Waxing kernels.
CROISSANTS, Waxing kernels.
CltOlX DE MALTE, Sple'nium Cnicia'tnm,
Maltese Cross, Cross of Malta. A compress,
having the form of the Maltese cross. It is
made of a piece of square linen, folded in four,
niid divided with scissors from each angle to a
small distancefrom the centre. It is used espe-
cially after amputation of the fingers, penis^ and
liuibs.
When the compress is cut in two of its angles
only, it is called the Half Maltese Cross, — Demi-
cro'ir de Matte.
CUOK, Nanus.
CROMMYON, Allium cepa.
CROMMYOXYREG'MIA, from Kpop/ivov, 'an
onion,' ofuj, 'acid,' and pnyvvpn, 'to break out.'
Sour, fetid eructations, exhaling a smell similar
to that of onions.
CROP ALE. Nerium antidysentericum.
CROOPRACKED, see Uuiiip.
CROOPY, Croupy.
CRGPSIA, Chromopsia.
CROSS, MALTESE, Croix de Malte.
CROSS-EYE. Str-abismils.
CROSSE DE UAORTE, Arch of the aorta.
CROSSE MITE. Acarus Crossii.
CROSSES PALM AIRES, Palmar arches.
CROSSFOOT, see Kyllosis.
CROSSING, (F.) Croiscmenf, Metissage. The
nniou of an animal of one race with one of an-
other, in order to improve the breed. In man,
as Well as in animals, the union of near relatives
is apt to deteriorate the offspring, and hence cross-
ing is important in his case.
CROSSWORT, Eupatorium perfoliatum, Lysi-
machia quadrifolia.
CROTALOPIIORUS, Crotalus horridus.
CROT'ALUS HOR'RIDUS, Crolahph'onis.
The Rattlesnake, Cobra di Capello, (F.) Crotale.
Class, Reptilia, Ord. Ophidia. A venomous rep-
tile of North America. Its poison is virulent.
It is so called from the rattle in its tail, (KporaXov,
' a rattle,' ' a small bell.')
CROT'APHE, Crota'^ih inm, from Kporaiiioi,
'temple.' Cephalal'yia Piilsal'ih's, Ccphala'a
Pulsat'ilis, Sph ifijmoccph' aliis. A pulsatory pain,
chiefly in the temples, with drumming in the ears.
CROTAPIIITE ARTERIES, Temporal ar-
teries.
CROTAPHITES, Temporal muscle.
CROTAPIIIUM, Crotaphe.
CROTAPIIUS, Temple, Temporal bone.
CROTCHET, Hamm. A small hook or crook.
(P.) Crochet. An obstetrical instrument, whose
name indicates its shape, and which is used in the
extraction of the foetus, when it becomes necessary
to destroy it to expedite delivery. Crotchets are
differently formed ; some are sharp, others blunt;
some contained in a sheath, others naked.
CROTON BENZOH, Benjamin.
Croton CascARIl'la, Cortex Eletilhe'ria, Cro-
ton Elenthe' rid seu Etnte'ria, Cht'tia Elnte'ria,
Thus JudoBo'rum, Chacaril'lcF cortex. Cascaril'la,
Eleute'riu, Cascaril'la. Order, Euphorbiaceac.
Sex. Syst. Monoecia Monadelpliia. (F.) Qiiin-
qiiiiia arornatique, Cascarille, Chucrille. The bark
of Croton Cascarilla of the Bahamas, Cortex
Thnris, Cascarilla, (Ph. U. S.), (P.) Ecorce
Sleutheriennc, has a slightly aromatic odour, and
bitterish aromatic taste. The smoke has the
odour of musk. The active parts are an essen-
tial oil and bitter extractive. They are com-
pletely extracted by proof spirit. It is tonic and
stomachic. Dose, gr. xv to ,^ss or more, in powder.
Croton Ef.euthkria, Croton cascarilla — c. Ja-
malgota, C. tiglium — c. Lacciferum, see Lacca —
c. Oil, Croton tiglium.
Croton PsKiTo-CHiNA, Cnpalchc hush. A South
American plant, which yields a bark — Cortex
Copalche seu Copalchi, very like that of Casca-
rilla.
Croton Racemo'sum, Beenel. A small Mala-
bar tree, whose aromatic root, boiled in oil of
sesame, is employed, by the orientals, as a lini-
ment in hcadach and rheumatism.
Croton Seers, see Croton tiglium.
CuotonTig'lium, C. J((H(«/(/o'(«, Cudel-Avanacn.
(P.) Petit Pi(jnon d'Inde. A Ceylonese plant,
every part of which is endowed with medicinal
power. The root is a drastic cathartic : the wood,
Ll(jnv.m Pava'no!, Parana wood, and the seed,
have like virtues. The seeds have been long
known under the names, Grana MoIvc'ccb, Til'ii
Grann, and Grana Tig'lii seu Tiij'lia, Croton
seeds. Purging nuts. From these seeds the Croton
Oil, O'leuni Tig'lii, is expressed. It is of a pale,
brownish-yellow colour, and hot, biting taste;
and is a most powerful drastic cathartic. Dose,
from half a drop to three drops, made into pilla
with crumb of bread. It is also applied exter-
nally as a rubefacient, 3 to 5 drops being rubbed
on the part; or one part of the oil and three parts
of olive oil may be added together, and a little ot
this be rubbed on.
CROTO'NE, KpoTuvr;. A fungus, which grows
on trees, and is produced by an insect, from <tporwc,
'a tick.' By extension, applied to a fungous
tumour developed on the periosteum.
CROUP, Cynanche trachealis — c. Bronchial,
Polypus bronehialis — c. Cerebral, Asthma thymi-
CROUPE
260
CRURAL
cum — c. Cerebral spnsmodic, Carpo-pcdal spasm —
c. Chronic, Polypus bronchialis — c. Faux, Asth-
ma thviiiicuin, see Cynancho trachcalis.
Croup, Hv.stkii'ic. A spasmodic affection of
the laryngeal muscles by no means unfrequent in
hj'sterical females, — the paroxysm consisting in
a long protracted, loud and convulsive cough,
followed at times by crowing respiration, and
by dysjinoea so great as to threaten suffocation.
The treatment is that advised for hysteria.
Croi'p, PsrcuDO, Asthma thymicum — c. Pseu-
do-nerxieitx, Asthma thymicum — c. Spasmodic,
see Asthma thymicum, and Cynanche trachealis
— c. Spurious, Asthma thymicum.
CROUPE, see Croupion.
CROUPWN {¥.), Uropy<i';am, Orm, Orrhos,
the Jiiinip. The region of the coccyx. The Crup-
per, (F.) Croupe.
CROUP-LIKE INSPIRATION OF IN-
FANTS, Asthma thymicum.
CROUI'AL. Croupy.
CROUPOUS, Croupy.
CROUPY, Croupous, Crupo'Dus, (F.) Croupal.
Relating, or appertaining to, or resembling croup;
as a ' croupy coagh.' Hoarse. (Prov.) Croo^^y.
CROnpy l}iFhA}:i},tx'T10S, III fiamma'tiocroHpo'nn,
is the inflammation of a mucous membrane, at-
tended with a pseudo-membranous exudation.
CROIJTE, Crusta— c. de Lait, Porrigo larvalis
— c. Lfiiteuie, Porrigo larvalis.
Cli 0 U TE UX, Cruxtace.
CROWFOOT, Geranium maculatum— c. Brist-
ly, Ranunculus Pennsylvanicus — -c. Bulbous, Ra-
nunculus bulbosus — c. Bulbous-rooted, Ranun-
culus bulbosus — c. Celery-leaved, Ranunculus
oceleratus — c. Crushed, Ranunculus sceleratus —
c. Marsh, Ranunculus sceleratus — c. Meadow,
Ranunculus acris — e. Small-flowered, Ranunculus
abortivus — c. Tall, Ranunculus acris — c. Water,
smaller, Ranunculus flammula.
GROWLING, Borborygmus.
CROWN, Coro'iin, Sleph'aiie, (G.) Krone,
(F.) Coiironne. In anatomy, this name is given
to parts of a circular form, which surmount other
portions of the same body. Thus, the Crown of
It Tooth, Ciro'nn Dentin, (F.) Conronne dii Dent,
is the portion of the tooth which projects above
the gum.
CROWN OF THE HEAD, Vertex.
Crown of the Glans, Coro'na seu Tor'ulus
glandis, (F.) Couronne dit, gland, is the round,
ahnost circular, ring, which circumscribes the
base of the glans.
Crown of the Trepan, Modi'olua, (F.) Con-
ronne da Trepan, is a species of saw, in form of
a crown, or rather of a portion of a cylinder,
having grooves on its external surface, and teeth
at its lower extremity; the other being fitted to
the handle of the trepan.
Crown of Venus, Coro'na Ven'eria, Gutta Rn-
sa'cea Syphilit'ica, (F.) Couronne de Venus. Red,
rosy pustules, dry or moist, on the face; but par-
ticularly on the forehead and temples, owing to
constitutional syphilis.
CROWS' BEAK-LIKE PROCESS, Coracoid
process.
CRU. Crude.
CRU'CIAL, from eru.r, crucia, 'a cross.' Cru-
cia'lis, Cruciit'tus. Having the shape of a cross.
Appertaining to a cross.
Crucial Bandage, T Bandage.
Crucial Incis'ion, Incisu'ra cmcia'h's, (F.)
Incision critciale. An incision made in the form
of a cross. Often employed for exposing the cra-
nium, for the purpose of applying the trepan.
Crucial Ligament op the Atlas, Annular
ligament of the Atlas.
Ckucial Lig'aments, (P.) Lif/amenta croisia
on crucifiirmcs. Two strong ligaments within
the knee-joint. The anterior passes obliquely
from a depression anterior to the spine of the
tibia to the posteri^)r and inner part of the e.\tor-
nal condyle of the fomur : — the other, the pimie.
rior, extends from the posterior part of the spine
of the tibia to the anterior and outer part of tlie
internal condyle.
CRUCIA'TI DOLO'RES, Excruciating pain«
CRUCIATUS, Croise.
CRU'CIliLE, from crux, crucia, 'a cross;' jo
called — it has been supposed — from being made
in the shape of a cross, or from having a cru>,<
impressed upon it. [?] Crueib'ulmn, Cnti'nm
fiisii'rius, Tigil'lum, Alhot, Ceinente'riiim, If.)
Creuset. A vessel of earth, silver, platinum,
gold, blacklead, <fec., for receiving sul)stancc.i,
which have to be exposed to a strong heat. It
is sometimes covered with a toj} or lid. (F.) Cuii-
vercle,
CRU'CIFORM, from crux, crucia, 'a cros.",'aii'l
forma, 'shape;' Cruciform' is, Cross-shaped. A
name given to the ligaments which close the ar-
ticulations of the phalanges; and likewise to the
crucial ligaments.
CRUDE, Crudus, Omu8, (F.) Cru. Raw, un-
ripe, not concocted.
CRUDITAS MORBI, see Crudity— c. Ventri-
culi, see Crudity.
CRU'DITY, Cru'dilas, Om'otea, Status Crmli-
ta'tis, fTomcriidus, 'crude,' * unprepared,' /hcoc'/ih.
Jiawness, Cnideness. This has received sevenil
acceptations. 1. It expresses the quality of cer-
tain aliments, which have not experienced the
action of tire. 2. The condition of matters in tlio
digestive tube, which have not undergone the di-
gestive changes — cru'ditas ventric'uli ; and, 3. In
the language of the Humorists, it means the con-
dition of the morbific matter in a sick individual,
cru'ditas morbi, when it has not yet been [jri--
pared or concocted by the action of the organs—
Azi/m'ia huino'runi.
'Ihe word is used in the plural, Cru'dltica, syno-
nymously with crude matters. (F.) 3/aliires cniit.
It is applied to those, when contained in the stu-
mach and intestines.
CRUE, Growth.
CRUELS, Herpes Zoster, Scrofula.
CRUKNTA EXSPUITIO, H.-cmoptysis.
CRUES (Matieres), see Crudity.
CRU.ME'NA VESI'CiE. The cavity of the
urinary bladder.
CRUOR. Coagulated blood, gore. The signi-
fication of this word is very vague. It has been
used to designate blood in general, venous blood,
extravasated or coagulated blood, and the colour-
ing matter.
Cruor Sanguinis, see Blood.
CRUORIN, Hicmatin.
CRUPOSUS, Croupy.
CRUPPER, Croupion— c. Bone, Coccyx.
CRUPSIA, Metamorphopsia.
CRURA. The plural of cms, 'a leg.' (F.)
Cuisse. Applied to some parts of the body, fruiu
their resemblance to legs or roots ; as the Crura
cerebri. Crura cerebelli, &c.
Crura Anteriora Medull.b Oblongat;F., Pi'-
duncles of the brain — c. Cerebelli, Peduncles of
the cerebellum — c. Cerebelli ad Corpora Qnadri-
gemina, see Peduncles of the cerebellum — c.
Cerebelli ad Pontcm, see Peduncles of the cere-
bellum— c. Cerebri, Peduncles of the brain — f-
Clitoridis interna, Bulbus vestibuli— c MedulliC
oblongata;. Corpora restiformia, Thalami nervo-
rum opticorum, see Peduncles of the cerebellnit
— c. Posteriora medullas oblongatae, Peduncles
of the cerebellum.
CRURiBUS, Cruralis.
CRURAL, Crura'lia, from crua, cruris, 'th«
CRURAL ARCH
2G1
CRYPTA
thigh, and lower limb.' What belongs to the |
thigh or lower limb.
CuuFtAL Aitcii, fn'giiinal or Fem'oral Arch,
(F.) Arritilc cnirale ou hif/iiiitale (Ch.), Pou-
I'ARt's Liij'ument, L. uf FdUo'piitn. This arch is
furmcd by tiie intoriiul portion of the inferior edge
of tiie aiioneuro^iis of the obliriuus e^ternus mus-
cle, which is attiiched, at one end, to the pubis ;
at the other, to the anterior and superior spinous
process of the ilium. At its posterior and inner
part, the aponeurosis, forming the arch, sends ofl"
a fidciform reflection, which is attached along the
crest of the pubis, and is known under the name
of (iiMBKitNAT's Li(j((iiieiit. Beneath this arch,
the vessels, nerves, and muscles make their exit
from the pelvis to the thigh.
CllURAL AuTEllY, Arte'ria Cnira'lia, Fem'oral
Aitr.ry, (F.) Aitire crurule, A. Pdvi-critralc, —
(Ch.,) is the continuation of the e.\ternal iliac,
ll, e.\tend8 from the crural arch to the aperture
in the triceps, or to the ham. Chaussier applies
the name Artere entrale to the trunk, which ex-
lends from the primitive or common iliac to the
tibial arteries — embracing, of course, the external
iliac, femoral, and popliteal.
CllOItAI, Canal, Cntml Ring, Fem'oral caunl
or n'iKj. M. Jules C'loquet has described this canal
with minuteness, and given it the name Annenn
vrurnl, Anneuu femoral. It is nearly an inch
lung, triangular, more spacious above than below,
and shorter and broader in the female than in the
male. Its upper orifice is bounded, anteriorly,
by the crural arch; posteriorly, by the crista of
the pubis ; on the outer side by the psoas and
iliacus muscles, covered by the iliac aponeurosis,
and, at the inner, by Gimbernat's ligament. This
orifice is covered by the peritoneum, and, accord-
ing to M. Cbxiuet, is closed by a more or less
resisting septum, which he has named Septum
cnu-a'le, Crural septum. In its course, the crural
canal has its anterior parietes formed by the super-
ficial expansion of the fascia lata : the posterior
by the pcctineus, covered by the deep-seated ex-
pansion of the fascia; and more externally by the
jisoas and iliacus muscles, covered by an expan-
sion of the foKcia illaca. Its inferior orifice is
fcirmed by the foramen of the fascia lata, which
gives passage to the vena saphiena. It is at the
upper orifice of this canal, that Femoral or Crural
Ifenila, Jlenu'e iiiguitiale of Chaussicr, occurs :
which would be more common, were it not for
the fibrous cellular septum there situate.
Crural Nervk proceeds from the lumbar
plexus, and is situate at the outer side of the
psoas muscle and crural artery. After it has
passed under the crural arch, it divides into
cutaneous and muscular branches. One of the
brnnehes, which is larger than the rest, is called
the S(iph(F.'na nerre. It gives off filaments to the
inleguments of the knee, to the inner part of the
leg, and to the dorsal surface of the foot. The
remainder of the branches of the crural are dis-
tributed to the anterior and inner part of the
thigh. The Ac'ceseory of the Crural Xcrre is a
term given to the 4th and 5th pairs of lumbar
nerves.
Crural Plexus of Chaussicr is the union of
the anterior branches of the last four pairs of
Itimhar nerves, and the first four sacral; forming
the lumbar and sacral plexuses of most anato-
mists.
Ciutral Ring, Crural canal — c. Septum, see
Crural canal.
Crural Vein, Fem'oral Vein, has the same
RrranKcment as the artery. It receives only one
great branch, the saphtvna.
CRURAL, Triceps cruris.
Crura'lis, Crurm'un. A part of the Triceps
crural of the French, or of the Tri/emororotulien
of Chaussicr. The cruralis is situate at the ante-
rior, outer, and inner part of the thigh. It arises,
fleshy, from between the two trochanters, adheres
firmly to most of the fore part of the os femoris,
and is inserted, tendinous, into the ujiper part of
the patella, behind the rectus. Its use is to assist
the vasti and rectus in the extension of the leg.
Under J/iiwie Tricepn Crural, the French describe
the cruralis and the two vasti. Some small mus-
cular slips, sometimes found under the cruraeus
muscle, and inserted into the capsular ligament
of the knee-joint, have been called Sub-crurce'i.
CRURIS RADIUS, Fibula.
CRUS, Leg, Thigh — c. Fornicis, see Fornix.
CRUST, Eschar— c. Milk, Porrigo larvalis.
CRUSTA. A crust or scab. (F.) Crofite. An
assemblage of small flakes, formed by the drying
up of a fluid secreted by tlie skin.
The lining membrane of the stomach and in-
testines has been called Crusta villo'sa.
Crusta Adamaxtina Destium, Enamel of the
teeth.
Crusta Genu Eqiti'n^, Hippogouyol'epus,
Sweat or Knee Scab, Mock or Encircled Hoof
Knees, Hangers, Dew Claws, Night Eyes, Horse
Crust. This morbid secretion from the horse has
been advised in cases of epilepsy. It is used ia
the form of powder (gr. ij to gr. xx), and of
tincture. ,
Crusta Inflammatoria, Coriura phlogisticum
— c. Lactea, Porrigo larvalis, P. lupinosa — c.
Membranacea, Peristronia — c. Petrosa, see Tooth
— c. Phlogistica, Corium phlogisticum — c. Pleure-
tica, Corium phlogisticum — c. Pruriginosa, Gutta
rosea— c. Serpiginosa, Gutta rosea — c. Vermicu-
laris, Peristroma — c. Villosa lingua}, see Tongue
— c. Villosa ventriculi, see Stomach.
CRUST AC £, (F.) Alibert has substituted this
word, in his Nosology, for crodteux, 'crusty.'
Having crusts or scabs; as Dartre crustacee.
CRUS'TULA. Diminutive of Crusta. A
small shell or scab. An ecchj'mosis of the con-
junctiva.
CRUSTUMI'NATUM. A rob, prepared from
the I'yra Crustunii'na or Crustumeri'na, (so called
from Crustuminum, a town in Italy, where they
grew,) boiled with honey or in rain-water. —
Aetius.
CRUT, Nanus.
CRUX CERVI. An ancient appellation for
the bone in the heart of the stag. It was once
considered useful in diseases of the heart.
CRY, Clamor, Boc, (F.) Cri. The sound of
the unarticulated voice. The native voice, which
the idiot and deaf possess equally with the man
of genius and hearing. The cry of the new-born
child has been called Yagi'tus, (F.) Vagissement.
Wc say, ''A cry of joy, of pleasure, of pain,"
&c., according to the expression which it may
convev to the hearer.
CRYING, Parturition.
CRYING-OUT, Parturition.
CRYAIO'DES, from k/wijos, 'cold.' A conti-
nued fever, Febris crymo'des, in which the inter-
nal parts feel hot, and the external cold ; and
which was attributed to an erysipelatous inflam-
mation of the lungs. — Aetius, Gorraeus.
CRYMODYN'IA, from Kpufiui, 'cold,' and oSwn,
'pain.' Chronic rheumatism, and all its modifi-
cations.— Baumes.
CRYMO'SIS, from Kpv/ios, 'cold.' Diseases
caused bv the action of cold. — Baumes.
CRYP'SOR'CIIIS, from k^.vitt^, 'I conceal,'
and op)(^tf, 'a testicle.' Cryptor'chis, Testicon'dus,
One in whom the testes have not descended into
the scrotum. The state is called, Cryptorchidis'.
7nus. Parorchid'ium.
CRYPTA, from Kpvnro;, 'concealed.' Follic'-
tdose gland, Lacu'na, Follic'ulus, (F.) CryptCf
CRTPTE
2f)2
CUDlTO-CARriEN
FoIIlcuJe. A cri/pt or follicle is a pmall, round-
ish, hollow body, sitUiUe in the subsbinee of the
skin or mucous membranes — Cri/pta mnco'm,
FoUic'nhiH wi(co'«i(s— and constantly pouring the
fluid, which it secretes, on their surfaces.
The use of the cryptal or follicular secretion,
is to keep the parts on which it is poured supple
and moist, and to preserve them from the action
of irritating bodies with which they have to come
in contact.
The little rounded appearances at the ends of
the small arteries, in the cortical substance of the
kidney, are also called CrtjptcE,
Crypta Mucosa, see Crypta.
Cevpt.*: LieberkUiinian^, Lieberkiihn's
glands — e. Sebaceae, Sebaceous glands.
CRYPTE, Crvpta.
CRYPTOCEPH'ALTJS, from Kpvitros, 'con-
cealed,' and KcipuXri, ' head.' A monster whose
head is excessively small, and does not appear
externally. — G. St. Hilaire.
CRYPTOCOCCUS, Fermentum, Torula cere-
visiie — c. Cerevisiae, Torula cerevisia.
CRYPTODID'YMUS, Fatus iuf<vt>i. A mon-
strosity, in which one foetus is found contained
in another.
CRYPTOG'AMOUS, Crypfocjam'te, Cnjplo-
g^ni'ieiis; from xpuTros, 'concealed,' and ya/ios,
'raurriage.' An epithet applied by botanists to
plants whose organs of fructification are concealed
or not manifest. Ag'aiiioita plants are those whose
sexual organs are not known.
CR\'PTOPY''IC, Cri/ptopy'lcits, from kpvttu),
'I conceal,' and rrvov, 'pus.' A state of disease,
kept up by an occult abscess.
CRYPfOPYICUS, Crvptopyie.
CRYPTORCIIIDISMUS, see Crypsorchis.
CRYPTORCIIIS, Crypsorchis.
CRYPTS OP LIEBERKtJHN, see Intestine
.— c. Synovial, Bursje mucosae.
CRYSTAL, MINERAL, Potassae nitras fusus
sulpliatis paucillo mixtus.
CRY'STAL'LL Vesicles filled with a watery
fluid. They are also called cryntal' Zincs. Pro-
bably the pemphigus of modern writers.
CnysTALr,i LuN.E, Argenti nitras.
OR YSTALLIN, Crystalline.
CRYSTAL'LINA, from K^yoraXXos, 'crystal.'
A vesicle or phlj'ctajna, filled with serum, and
appearing on the prepuce or in the vicinity of the
anus, surrounded by a reddish extravasated aure-
ola. It may be syphilitic or not. See Crystalli.
Crystallina Tunica, Arachnoid mcmijrane.
CRYS'TALLINE, CnjntaVUnu8. Having the
appearance of crystal.
Cuys'tallixb, CnjH'tnlline humour or Lens or
Body, Crystal' liitnif. Lens cri/ntul'lina sen crystnl-
lo'i'des. Corpus Ort/ntal'linitin seu Disco'i'clei seu
Cryitallo'i'den seu Phiicni'des, Humor crt/nliil'liiius
seu (ilncin'liH, Phdce, Phncea, Phacim, Gemma Oc'-
iili, (F.) Urixtdl/iii ou Cri/ntulliii, Hiimenr cri/ntiil-
line, Corps cri/itul/iii seaphacoide, Le?itil/e crystal-
line. A lenticular, transparent body, situate be-
tween the vitreous and aqueous humours of the
eye, at the union of the anterior third with the two
posterior thirds of the organ. It is composed of a
soft exterior substance ; and an interior, composed
of an albuminoid- substance, called Crys'talliue
or Krys'talUne by Iliinefeld, (F.) Crystalline,
forming a solid nucleus, in which a number of
elliptical layers is perceptible. It is contained
in a capsule, called Tii'nica ara'nca seu crystal'-
Itnn, Cup'sula lentls, and receives, at its posterior
surface, a small branch of the central artery of
the retina, which is always readily distinguish-
able in the foetus, prior to the seventh mouth of
utero-gestation.
The use of the crystalline is to refract the r.iys
of light, and to serve as an achromatic glass : for
which its laminae or layers, increasing in rofrnc-
tive power from the circumference to the centre,
admirablv adapt it.
CRYSTALLINO-CAPSULITIS, see Phacitis.
CRYSTALLION, Plantago psyllium.
CRYSTALLITIS, Phaciti.s.
CRY'S'TALLOID, Crystalhn'des, irom. Kfveray.
Aos, 'crystal,' and £«5os, 'form,' ' resemlilaiifc.'
Resembling crystal or the crystalline. Tlio ruji.
sule or viemhrane of the crystalline. Also, the
crystalline itself.
CRYSTALLUS MINERALIS, Potassae nitras
fusus sulphatis paucillo mixtus.
CRYSTALS, BLOOfi, Ilamatoidin.
CRYSTAUX D'HEMATIXE, Ila>matoidin.
CRYTIIE, Hordeolum.
CTEDON, Fibre.
CTEIS, Pnbes.
CTESIPllON'TIS MALAG'MA. A plaster
employed and described by Celsus.
CUBA, see Havana.
CUBAL SINI, Piper cubeba.
CUBATIO, Decubitus.
CUBEBA. Piper Cubeba.
CUBIFORMIS, Cuboid.
CUBIT, Ulna— e. Top of the. Olecranon.
CU'BITAL, Ciihita'lis, Ulnar, Ulna'ris. Con-
nected with or relating to the cubitus, or to the
inner and posterior part of the forearm.
Cubital Artery, Arte'ria cuhita'lis, A. nlm'-
ris, arises from the humeral a little beluw the
bend of the elbow ; proceeds along the anterior
and inner part of the forearm ; passes anterior to
the ligamentum annulare of the carpus, and Roes
to form, in the palm of the hand, the superticiid
palmar arch. Besides the numerous nuisciiliir
branches, which it gives off in its course, it sends
posteriorly the common trunk of the iutervsieum
arteries, and internally, the two cubital renir-
rents, anterior and posterior, — articular briincho.«,
which anastomose on the inside of the elbow with
the divisions of the humeral artery.
Cubital Muscles are two in number. I. The
Cubita'lis ante'rior seu inter'nus, Flexor (xiijii
ulna'ris, Ulna'ria inter'nus, Epitrochli-cuhilo-cur-
pien, Cnbito-carpic-n — (Ch.), is a long muscle,
situate at the anterior and inner part of the fore-
arm. It arises from the inner condyle of the os
humeri, at the inner side of the olecranon, and
from the posterior edge of the ulna, and is in-
serted by a tendon into the os pisiforme. Us
use is to bend the hand on the forearm, by di-
recting it slightly inwards. 2. The CMtulia
poste'rior seu exter'nus, E.rten'sor Carpi ulna ri»,
Ulna'ris exter'nus, Cubite'us exter'nus, Cubilo-im-
metacarpien — (Ch.), is situate at the posterior
part of the forearm. It arises from the externiil
condyle of the os humeri, and is inserted into the
superior extremity of the fifth bone of the meta-
carpus. Its use is to extend the hand, inclining
it a little inwards.
Cubital Nerve, Ulnar nerve, Cnhito-diyim—
(Ch.), is furnished by the last two or three nerves
of the brachial plexus, and is distributed to the
inner and anterior side of the forearm; to the
inner part of the palm and of the back of the
hand, and to the last two or three fingers.
Cubital Veins, deep-seated, and the Recur-
rent cubital veins, accompany the corresponding
arteries. The superficial cubital veins belong t'l
the basilic. Chaussier calls theinci(^a'«eoM»cii6i'a(.
CUBITALE (OS). Cuneiform bone.
CUBITALIS RIOLANI, see Anconeus.
CUBITEUS EXTERNUS, see Cubital muscles.
CUBITO-CARPIEN, see Cubital muscies-c
Cutnne (nerf), Cutaneous nerve — c. PWanj*'-
tien cornmun, Flexor profundus perforans-"'''
Radi-sus-metacnrjnen dii ponce. Abductor longuJ
poUicis — c. Radial, Pronator radii quadratus.
CUBITO-SUPRAPALMARIS 203
CULBICIO
CUniTO-SUPRAPALMA'RIS. Belonging
to the cubitus and to the supra-palmar or dorsal
surface of the hand. Chaussicr gives this name :
1. To a small artery, which is given off by the
cuhital or ulnar, a little above the wrist. 2. To
a vein, which accompanies this artery.
(JUniTO-SUS-METAVAltPIBN, see Cubital
muscles — e. Sun-niitncarpieii d it ponce, Abductor
longus poUicis — c. Siin-I'lKtlnnijettieii de l' index,
Extensor proprius indicis — c. Sun-phdliuificttien
da police, E. longus ))ollicis — c. ISiia-phalungien
dii poiife, K. pollicis brevis.
C II '15 IT US, «c«/3irov, Ci/'hiton. The E/botc.
Also, one of the bones of the forearm. See Ulna,
and Forearm.
Ci'»iTi-s, (F.) Coudee, the ancient name of a
measure 18 inches long.
CuBfTus CosTyK, see Costa — c. Supinus, see
Decubitus.
CU'BOID, Ciihoi'dcs, CiihoY'deiis. Cnho'deH,
Cubifor'uiis, Cflho'i'dee, Ciptoi'deK, Gnnidiuu' miin
OS, Ten' Ultra, Tenneras on, Os vtt' rium,^ from kv/Sos,
'a cube,' and t(&os, 'form.' Having the form of
a cube. This name was given by Galen to one
of tlie bones of the tarsus, and is still retained.
It is situiite at the anterior and outer part of the
tarsus; and is articulated, behind, with the cal-
eaneum ; before, with the last two metatarsal
bones, and ivithin, with the third os cunciforme,
and sometimes with the scaphoides. Its inferior
gurfnee has an oblique groove for the tendon of
the peroneun loiifjux.
CUCKOLD, Arctium lappa.
CUCKOO FLOWKK, Cardamine pratensis.
CUCKOW 15READ, Oxalis acetosella.
CUCKOW PINT, Arum maculatum.
CUCU'PALUS BEIIRN, Jiehen offieina'rum
scu vttlija' fin, Siie'ue in/lu'ta seu crasni/o'lia seu
Tlio'rei, Vinca'tjo behen. This plant was once
considered alexipharmic and cordial. It is the
Spitllinr/ Poppy.
CUCULLAlilS, Trapezius.
CUCULA'TUM MAJUS. A barbarous term,
used hv Kiiland, for brandy and spirit of wine.
CUCULLATA, Sanicula.
CUCULLUS, CoHvrcchef, Cucupha, Infundi-
buluin of the cochlea.
CUCULUS, Coccyx, Pertussis.
CUCUMBER, Cucumis sativus — c. Asses, Mo-
mordica claterium — c. Indian, Medeola Virginica
— c. Squirting or wild, Momordica elaterium — c.
Star, one-seeded, Sycios angulatus — c. Tree, Mag-
nolia acuminata.
CUCUMEK, Cucumis sativus.
CIKJUMIS, Penis — c. Agrestis, Momordica
claterium.
Cn'ctuirs Cot.OCYx'THls, Oitrul'lua Colocynthis.
Officinal names of the Colocynth or Bitter Apple,
Colocijii'this, Coloqitint'ida, Alhnn'dal (Arab.),
Bitter Gonrd, Bitter Cucumber, (P.) Coloqitiiitc.
Ord. Cucurbitaceae. Sex. Si/st. Moncecia Mona-
delphia. A Turkey and Cape of Good Hope
plant. Tlie spongy part or medulla of the fruit,
Colocyn'tlildis seu Ciirtt'merln Coloci/n'thidia
Pulpa, Co/oci/nthis (Ph. U. S.), has a bitter, nau-
seous, and acrimonious taste, and is a strong
cathartic, acting chiefly on the upper part of the
intestines. It is scarcely ever used, except in
combination.
CpcuMis Mri.o. The systematic name of the
Melon Plant, Jfelo, Common Melon, (¥.) Melon.
The fruit is an agreeable article of diet, but not
very digestible, unless when ripe. The seeds
possess nincilaginous properties.
CrcrMis Sati'vi-s. The systematic name of
the Cn'ciiiiiber plant, Citcnmis, Ant/on'rion, Gitre'-
oluK, Cii'ciimer or Citr'vimer, from its curved
»hnpe. (F.) Concombrc ordinaire. The citenm-
itr, coweuinber, is used, when young, as a pickle.
when it is called a Gherkin, (F.) Cormchon. It
is not a fruit easy of digestion. The seeds are
mucilaginous.
An ointment of green cucumbers — cucumber
ointment — is used as a cooling salve. It is made
by combining, by means of heat, the juice of
(/reen ciicunibern with lord and veal and,
Cuci:mis SyLVESTRis, Momordica elaterium.
CU'CUPHA, Cu'cullus, Pi'leiis, Sac'cnlnn ce-
pjhal'icns. A sort of coif or cap, with a double
bottom, between which is enclosed a mixture of
aromatic powders, having cotton for an excipient.
It wa.s formerly used as a powerful cephalic.
CUCUR'BITA, d curvitate, owing to its shape.
A gourd. (F.) Citronille. See Cupping-glass.
CucuitBiTA AxcuuiA, C. citrullus.
Cuccn'BiTA Citkul'i.us, C. Angn'ria seu pin-
natif'ida. The systematic name of the Wttter-
melon plant; Oitrul'lus, Anr/u'ria, Tetrauiju'ria,
Sicilian Citrnl, Water-melon. Ord. Cucurbi-
taceae; Sex. Si/Ht. Monoecia Monadelphia. (F.)
Melon d'eau, Punteipie. The juice of the fruit is
very abundant, whence its name. The Witter-
melon is extremely refreshing and agreeable, w hen
made cool, and is eaten like the common melon.
It is very much used in the United States.
CdcuitBiTA Lkica.ntha, C. lagenuria.
Cucur'bita Pkpo, J'epo. The systematic name
of the Common Pompion or Pumpkin, Cueur'bita.
The seeds of this plant, as well as those of Cu- '
cur'bita Inyena'ria, Bottle-gonrd, contain a large
proportion of oil, capable of forming emulsion?.
They have been recommended in cases of tape-
worm, in the dose of f5ss. The fixed oil of the
seeds has been given, with success, in the same
cases, in the dose of half a fluid ounce.
Both the fruit of Cucur'bita Lagk.va'ria, G.
leucati'tha, Pepo lai/eiin'riiis, (F.) Calebasnen, and
that of Ciicuh'bita Pkpo, Pepo vulya'rin, {¥.)
Potiron, Couri/e, are eaten.
CticuRBiTA Pin.vatifida, C. citrullus.
CVCURlilTA TN, Cucurbitinus.
CUCURBITATIO, Cupping.
CUGURIUTE, see Alembic.
C U C U R B I T I ' N U S, (F.) Cucurbitin. This
name was formerly given to the Tcenia solium,
because composed of rings which resemble the
seeds of the yourd, — cucurbita. The ancients
believed, that the rings, which are sometimes
discharged, were so many separate worms. See
Ta>ni<)..
CUCURBITULA, Cupping-glass.
CucunBiTULA; CuaENTyE, Cupping with the sca-
rificator— c. cum Ferro, Cupping with the scari-
ficator— c. Siccae, Cupping, dry.
CUDWEED, Antennaria plantaginifolia, Gna-
pbalium margaritaceum.
CUILLEREE, Cochleare.
CUIR, Corium — c. Chevelu, Scalp.
CUrSSART. A wooden leg. See Cornu am-
monis.
CUISSE, Thigh, Crus — c. Posterieure du cer-
velet, Corpus restiforme.
Gi^ISSON' {¥.). A smarting, burning pain.
CUIVRE, Cuprum — c. Ammoniarnl, Cuprum
ammoniatum — c. et Ammoniaque, sulfate de. Cu-
prum ammoniatum — c. Limailles de, see Cuprum
— c. Sous-acetate de, Cupri subaeetas — c. Sulfate
de, Cupri sulphas.
CUIVREUX (F.), Copper-coloured. A tint of
complexion, (F.) Teint cuivreux, such as is ob-
served in cancerous affections. Syphilitic ulcers
of tlie throat, &c., are often copper-coloured.
CUJETE, Crescentia cujete.
CULBICIO. A Latin word, employed by
old writers as synonymous with ardor urinie and
gonorrhoea.
CULBUTE
2C4
CUP
CULBUTE (P.). 'A tumble head-over-heels.'
A movement which the foetus has been supposed
tn execute at the end of the 7th month of utero-
gi-'Station ; and by means of which, it was pre-
sumed, the head presented towards the orifice of
the uterus ; a change of situation which is iui-
jcaeticalile in ordinary circumstances.
CULCITA SALINA, Halotyle.
CULEOX, Anus.
CU'LEUS. A measure containing 20 barrels,
or 40 urus, equal to 180 gallons. — Pliny, Gor-
r.eus.
CULEX, (F.) Cousin. A genus of insects, un-
happily too well known in almost every part of
the world, on account of their bites, which give
rise to painful, local inflammation. The gnats
and miisqid'toes belong to this genus.
CULI FLOS. Caniamine pratensis.
CULILAWAN, see Laurus culilawan.
CU'LINARY ART, from ci/hiu, 'a kitchen.'
C'lnheiij, Res culiiin'n'n seu coqiui'ria, Ars ciili-
ii'i'ria seu cof/ II iiia'rin, Miiijei' rice. The art of
jucparing meats for the table. In judging of the
dietetic properties of various kinds of aliment,
tiie culinary process to which they have been
snlijected will always have to be considered.
Many of the writers on the culinary art have
been physicians.
CULLITLAWAN, see Laurus culilawan.
CULMIXATIO, Acme.
aULTELLAlRE (¥.), from cidtdlm, a 'little
knife.' Le coutere ciillflliiire, known also under
tiie name Conteou de feu, Fire-knife, is used for
^viiat the French term the Cuiitere trnusciirreute.
(See Cauterization.) It is shaped like a small
batch at.
CULTELLUS, Culter, Knife— c. Anceps, Knife,
douhle-edfred — c. Uncus, Knife, crotchet.
CULTER, Ciltel'lns, from colo, ciiltum, '1 cul-
tivate.' A coulter, a knife, scalpel, vinvhai'ra,
•iiincha-'rion, mach(p'ris. Also, the third lobe of
the liver, so called from some fancied resemblance.
— Theophilus Protospatarius.
Cui.TKR Cuiivus, Knife, crooked — e. Falcatus,
Knife, crooked — c. Lenticularis, Knife, lenticular
— c. Rectus, Knife, amputation — c. Tonsorius,
Kazor.
CULTRIV'OROUS, Cultriv'orvs, from ciilter,
'a knife,' and vnrare, 'to devour.' Individuals,
vho have seemed to swallow knives with impu-
liitv. have been so called; — Knife-eaters.
CULUS, Anus.
CULVER'S PHYSIC, Leptandra Virginica.
CULVER'S ROOT, Leptandra purpurea.
CUMAMUS, Piper cubeba.
CUillN. Cuminum cyminum — c. Faux, Ni-
gella — c. (Ics Pres, Carurn.
CUJII'XUAI CYMPNUM. The systematic
name of the Cummin or Cumin plant, Cinni'niDn
iiiinii'tiiin seu Romii'nnm, Cijmi' num, Cumi'num,
Ciirnaba'rlium. Ord. Umbelliferae. Sex. Sijst.
Pentandria Digynia. (F.) Cumin, Anis aii/rc.
The seeds of cummin, which is a native of Et;ypt,
have a warm, bitterish, disagreeable taste. Water
extracts their odour, and spirit takes up both
odour and taste. They are not used, except in a
plaster, which bears their name. When drunk in
wine, the ancients believed they produced pale-
ness ; hence, Horace called cummin exsanyne ;
and Juvenal, pollens. — Dioscorides, Pliny.
Cuminum Minutum, C. cyminum — c. Nigrum,
Nigella — c. Pratense, Carum — c. Romanutn, C.
cyminum.
CUMMIN, Cuminum cyminum.
CU'MULUS, 'a heap or pile.' A rounded pro-
minence, in the centre of the proligerous disk, in
•which there is a small opake cavity that contains
the ovum. See Tache emhryonnaire.
Cumulus, Germinal, Tache emhryonnaire — c.
Germinativus, Tache emhryonnaire^ — c. Prolige-
rus, Tache einbri/onnaire.
CUNEA'LIs'sUTURA,from citneus, 'a wedge.'
The suture formed between the greal and little
aliB of the sphenoid bone and the os frontis. —
lilasius.
CUNKEN (F.), Cunea'nus. Relating to the
cuneiform bones.
Articulations Cuneennes ; — the joints between
the cuneiform bones, as well as between them
and other parts.
Liyamcnts Cuneennes ; — the ligaments which
hold the cuneiform bones together.
CU'NEIFORM, Cuneifor'mis, SphcioVdeH,
from cunens, ' a wedge,' and forma, ' shape.'
Wedije-shaped. This name has been given to
several bones. 1. To the sphenoid. 2. To it
bone of the carpus, situate between the os lunaro
and OS orbiculare. It is, also, called Os J'l/ntmi-
da'le, Os Triq'uetruvi, and Os Cubita'le. 3. To
the basilary process of the occipital bone : and,
4. To three of the bones of the tarsus, which are
distinguished, according to situation, reckoning
from within outwards, into first, second, and third,
— or internal, middle, and externid : and accord-
ing to size, reckoning in the same order, into
great, small, and middle-sized. The posterior
surface of these bones is united to the anterior
face of the scaphoides; the anterior surface with
the corresponding metatarsal bones; and, in ad-
dition, the external surface of the third is articu-
lated, behind, with the cuboides. They are also
called Chalcdidea ossa seu ossic'ida.
Cuneiform Cahtilages op the Larynx, Car.
tihii/es of Wrisber/j, are two small cylinders of
fibro-cartilage, about seven lines in length, and
enlarged at each extremity. By the base, the
cartilage is attached to the middle of the exter-
nal surface of the arytenoid; and its upper ex-
tremity forms a prominence on the border of the
aryteno-epiglottidean fold of membrane. They
are sometimes wanting.
CUNEO. In composition, appertaining, or re-
lating, to the cuneiform bones.
Cu'nro-Cu'boid, Cuueo-cubo'idens. Belonging
to the cuneiform bones and cuboides.
CuNEO-CuBoiD Articula'tion is formed by the
third cuneiform bone and cuboides. It is fur-
nished with a synovial capsule, and two cioieo-
cuboid lit/aments : — a dorsal and a. plantar.
CU'NEO-SCA'PHOID, Cuneo-scaphoi'des. Be-
longing to the cuneiform bones and scaphoid.
CuNEO-ScAPHOiD A kticula'tion is formed by
the posterior surfaces of the three ossa cuneifor-
mia, and the anterior surface of the scaphoid. It
is furnished with a r.ynovial capsule and liga-
ments, some of which are dorsal, others plantar.
CUNILA, Satureia capitata— c. Bubula, Ori-
ganum.
Cuni'la Maria'na, Satnrei'a oriyaiidi'den, Ca-
lamin'tha erec'tn Virginia'na, Ditt'any, Amerimn
or Mountain Dittany, Mint-leaved or Marijlniid
Ciinila, Stonemint, Wild Basil, Sweet Horseniint,
(F.) Cnnile d'Amerirjne. A small indigenous
herb, Order, LabiatiP, growing on dry, shady
hills, from New England to Georgia, and flower-
ing in June and July. Its medical properties
are dependent upon essential oils, like tiie mints.
CtJNiLA, Mai'.yland, Cunila niariana — c. Mint-
leaved, C. mariana — c. Muscula, Ituila dy^ente-
rica — c. Pfllegioides, Iledeoma pulegioides — C
Sativa, Satureia hortensis.
CUNILAGO, Inula dysenterica.
CUNILE D'AMERIQUE, Cunila mariana.
CUNNUS, Vulva.
CUP, (Sax.)copp, Scutel'la, Calil'lus, Pntel'ln,
Excip'nla, (F.) Palette, Puelette, PoVelle, Vaie d
aaigner. A small vessel of a determinate eizflj
CUPAMENI
265
CURA
for receiving the blood during venesection. It
generiilly CDUtaiiis about four ounces. A bleed-
ing of two cups is, consequently, one of eight
oiiricef.
C'lIl'AMKNI, Acalypha Indica.
C'UrilHTAS, Voluntas — c. Desedcndi, Vo-
luntas dfsedendi.
CUPIDO, Appetite. Also, Cupid, the god of
love, in iincient mythology : — Deun copiilalio'nia.
CUl'OLA, see Infundibulum of the cochlea.
CUI'l'EI), see Coriuni phlogistic-uni.
CUl'l'lNlj, Udtiuavin'iix, from (F.) couper, 'to
cut;' or to draw blood in vessels resembling ciqjs ;
Aiiplicd'llo cin-Hrbita'riim seu cuvurbitiiJu'rum,
t'liiiiiliild'tio. A species of blood-letting, per-
formed by a uc(ir}Jt(;(it(ir, and glass, called a eii]>-
pi'iKi-i/liixK, (Jiiciirbit'xdo, Cncurb'ita, Sic'ua, (Olil
Engl.) Hhtdiiiy-boht, (F.) Veiitoime. The lan-
cets are placed in such a manner in the scari-
ficatDr, that, when it is applied upon the affected
))nrt, the whole arc, by means of a spring, pushed
fuddeniy into it. After scarification, the cup-
jiing-glass, which has been previously exhausted
iiy hciit, or by an exhausting syringe, is applied.
The pressure of the air within the glass being
tlius diminished, the necessary quantity of blood
may be drawn. See Bdcliometer. Vrj eiippin;/,
Ciiciirbi('i(l(B m'cccB, is the application of the
glasses, without previous scarification ; (F.) Veu-
launcK leelien. It is used to prevent the activity
of absorptjon from any wounded part; oceasion-
iilly, to excite suppuration in indolent abscesses;
iiiid to remove the pus when an abscess is opened.
Ciippiiii/, without any epithet, means the abstrac-
tion of blood by means of the scarificator and
cups: — (F.) Ventoiises acan'Jiecu, (L.) Citcitrbi-
tiil(B cnieiila;, C. cinn Feno, wet ciip2>iiig. The
verb ' to cup,' signifies to draw blood by cupping.
CUP-PLANT, Silphium perfoliatum.
CU PR ESS US, Kvnaptaaos, C. sempervirens — c.
Arbor vita;, Thuya occidentalis — c. Disticha,
Taxodium distichum.
Cui'UKSS'us SKMPERVl'nENS, C. pyramida'lis.
The systematic name of the Cupres'siis, Ci/jxiris'-
gits, CyprcHs, (F.) Cypres. Nat. Old. C'oniferJB.
The berries, leaves, and wood, have been con-
sidered astringent and useful in intermittents.
The wliole i)li\nt abounds with a bitter, aromatic,
and terebinthinate fluid.
CiiPRKSsus TiiYoi'DEs, T17i(7e ccrfnr, Indiginous.
An infusion of the tops is said to be stomachic,
ami, when taken warm, diaphoretic.
CUPRI AiMMONIO-SULPIIAS, Cuprum am-
nioniatuui — c. et Ammoniic sulphas. Cuprum am-
nioniatum — c. Diilcetas, C. subacetas.
Cui'ui Luiatu'ra, Filinys of Copper, (F.)
Liniddlea de Ciiivre, have been useil in hydro-
phobia. It has been remarked under Cuprum,
that they are inert.
CuiMti Rt'BiGO, Cupri subacetas.
ClUMU SubaCe'tas, C. Diace'tas seu liiihi'go,
uErn'ijo, Ver'diijrix, Hispnn' icum vir'ide, Praai'-
tiKHi viride, Crystals of Veuits, Vir'ide ^Hj'ris,
uEru'cn, Cul'vithos, Subiic"etate of Copper, (F.)
S'lns-aeetnte de Cuirre, Vert-de-gris, Crystttux de
I Vm<i», Verdet. Impure subacetate of copper.
This, as usually met with, is in masses, difficult
to break : not deliquescent ; foliaceous ; of a fine
bluish-green colour, and salt tjiste. It is tonic,
emetic, escharotic, and detergent; but scarcely
ever employed internally. Chiefly used in de-
tergent ointments. Dose, as a tonic, under
i gr. : emetic, from gr. j to gr. ij. Powdered
vordiirris appears to be the active ingredient in
Sniel/oiiie's Eye-snlre. which may be imitated by
rubbing half a drachm of finely-powdered verdi-
gris with a little oil, and then mixing it with an
ounce of yellow basilieon.
An oiutmeut composed of one drachm of finely-
powdered verdigris, with an ounce of lard or sper-
maceti ointment, is used iu psoriasis, tetter, <fcc.
ClII'RI SuLI'UAS, Vitriolum Cupri seu Veu'eris
seu Cyp'rium seu Cyp'riiium seu CcBru'leum seu
Itoma'uuni, Cuprum Vitrlohi'tuni, Lapis Cmru'-
leus, Sulphate of CojJper, Blue Hloue, lilue Vitriol,
lioman Vitriol, Mortooth, (F.) Sulfate de Cuivre,
is in rhomboidal, rich, blue, semi-transparent,
eiSorescing crystals. The taste is harsh, styptic,
and corrosive. It is soluble in fimr ]jarts of water
at 60°, and is tonic, emetic, astringent, and es-
charotic. As a tonic, it has been used in epi-
lepsy, intermittents, &c. Dose, as a tonic, gr.
^ to gr. ij, in pill; as an emetic, gr. ij to x, in
water. A very weak solution is sometimes used
in ophthalmia and in gleet; and it forms the
basis of Bates's Aqua Qornphora'ta, which has
been recommended, diluted with sixteen parts of
water, in the purulent ophthalmia of children.
Cui'Hi Sulphas A.m.momacalis, Cuprum ain-
moniatum — c. Vitriolum, Cupri sulphas.
CUPRUM, Chalcos, JUs, Venus of the Alchy-
mists : Copper, Cyp'riuiu, Vir'ide iiionta'uuiii, (F.)
Cuivre. Its odour is iieculiar and sensible when
rubbed; taste disagreeable and metallic; colour
red yellow. S. g. 7.87; ductile: very malleable;
less hard than iron ; easily oxidized. In its me-
tallic state, it exerts no action on the system.
When swallowed, it undergoes no deleterious
change. Coi)|)er cannot be dissolved whilst tin is
in the mixture, and hence the utility of tinning
copper vessels. Copper culinary vessels arc harm-
less under ordinary cleanliness, provided the sub-
stances be not suffered to remain in them till
cold. The salts of copper are very deleterious.
CiiPRi'M Aluminatum, Lapis divinus.
CuPRi'M Ammo.nia'titm, C. Ammoiriaca'le sen
Ammoni' acum seu ammoni' aco-sul phu' ricum, Am-
monia'ted Copper, Ammoni' acal Sulphate of Cop-
per, Ammoniure'tum Cupri, Sul anti-epilep'ticita
of WeisSMAN, Sulfas Cupri ammouiuca'lis seu
ammoni'aca cupra'tus seu Sulfas Cupri et Ammo'-
niee, Subsui'fas ammo'iiio-vn'pricus Ue>ito-Sulfaa
Cupri et Ammo'nicB, Cupri Ammo'nio-sidfas,
Auimo'nicB Cupro-sulphas, Ammo' nio-suljjliate of
Copper, (F.) Sulfate de cuirre et d'nmmouiaque,
Cuivre ammoniiual. [Cupri Sulph. I^ss ; Amman.
Carb. 3vj. Rub in a glass mortar till efierves-
cenoe ceases. AVrap the ammoniated copper in
bibulous paper, and dry with a gentle heat.
Keep in a well-stopped glass bottle. — Ph. U. S.)
A cr3'stallinc powder of a rich violet colour, and
hot, styptic taste. By exi)osure to air. it becomes
partly converted into carl)onate of copper. It is
tonic and astringent, and has been chiefly em-
ployed in epilepsy and other obstinate spasmodic
diseases. Dose, gr. i gradually increased to gr.
iv, in pill.
CiPRi'M ViTRiOLATUM, Cupri sulphas.
CU'PULAR, Cupula'ris, (F.) Cupulaire; from
cupula, 'a small cup.' Of or belonging to a cupula.
CupuLAR Cau'tery, (F.) Cautere cupulaire, is
an iron in the shape of a cupula, formerly used to
cauterize the skin of the crauium in certain dis-
eases, as epilepsy, chronic headach, <fec.
CURA, Cura'tio, Merim'ua, Merim'ue. At-
tention to, or treatment or cure of. a disease.
Keuchen defines Cura, ' medicine,' and Curator,
'the physician.' Curatio, also, sometimes means
purification; as, Adejis suillus curatus. — Scribo-
nius Largus.
Cura Ave.va'cea. A decoction of oats and
succory roots, in which a little nitre and sugar
are dissolved. Used as a refrigerant.
Cura Deuivativa, Derivation — c. Furaigatoria,
Thymiatechny.
CiRA AIag.va. 'Great cure.' A term em-
ployed, at times, for a method of treatment pre-
ferable to all others. Thus ptyalism has, by
CURABLE
266
CUSPARIA BARK
for
many, been considered the "cura magna
S3'philis.
CuKA Medeana, Transfusion — c. Palliativa,
see Palliative — c. Radicalis, see Palliative — c.
Revulsoria, see Derivation.
OU'RABLR, Sanab'ih's, Acen'tos, Aces'miiis,
Id-i'imon, Medicah'ilis, Med'icahle, San'uble, (P.)
Giierissable. That which is susceptible of cure.
An epithet applied to both patients and diseases.
CifRAGE, Polj'gonuin hydropiper.
CURA'RE, Wourali, Woorali, Woorara, Won-
rnri, Wooraru. Wurali, Uran', Ural!, Oitrnri,
Voorara. A very energetic vegetable poison,
employed by the South American Indians to
poison their arrows. It is said to be obtained from
the bark of a species of convolvulus, called Vejiico
de Mmutcure, but is referred by Martius to Stri/ch-
noD Giiianen'sie, and by Dr. Schomburg to S.
toxica' ria seu toxif'era. The juice of Echi'tes
suherec'ta, another apocyanaceous plant, is said to
enter into its composition. Dr. Brainard thinks
it contains the poison of serpents as its main in-
gredient.
CURA'TIO, Ifede'la, Sana'tio, A'ceeia, Al-
thex'is, Althax'is, Thernpei'a, liisis, Curation,
Treatment (F.) Traitemeiit. The aggregate of
means employed for the cure of disease. See
Therapeutics.
CuRATio, Cura, Cure — c. Contrariorum per
Contraria, Allopathy — c. Morbi per Inediam,
Limotherapia.
CU'RATIVE. San'ati've, FSnn'ntory, Ihnlhirj,
Acesoph'orus, Acesiiio'ntis. Relating to the cure
of a disease. Curative Indications are those
■which point out the treatment to be employed.
Curative Treatment, that employed in the cure of
disease, in opposition to preseroative or prophy-
lactic treatment. We say, also, Curative Process,
Curative Means, Ac.
CURATOR INFIRMORUM, Infirmier.
CURCAS PURGANS, Jatropha curcas.
CURCULIO, Penis.
CURCUMA ANGUSTIFOLIA, see Arrow-
root— c. Aromatica, Kiiempferia rotunda.
Ciircit'ma Longa, Carcu'ma, Amo'mnm Onr-
cu'ma, Borri, Bor'riherri. Coher'ri, (Ilindoostan,)
Crocus In'dicua, Terra iler'ita, Cnnnac'orus ra-
di'ce cro'ceo, Mni/el'la, Kna Kaha, Crjpe'rus
In'dicns, Kvnetpos Iv^iico? of Dioscorides [?], Tur-
meric, (F.) Racine de Safran, So/ran des Indes,
Soucliet des Indes. Ord. Zingiberaceae. Tur-
meric root — the rhizoma of curcuma longa — Cur-
cuma (Ph. U. S.), is brought from the East Indies;
but is possessed of very little, if any, medicinal
efficacy. It is one of the ingredients in Curry
Powder.
Curcuma Zrdoaria, see Kaempferia rotunda —
C. Zerurabet, see Krempferia rotunda.
CURD, Curd of Milk, Lacpres'sum, (F.) CailU,
Lait caille. The coagulated or curdled {Coac'tus,
Coatjula'tua, (F.) CailU ou Caillebotte,) part of
milk.
Curd, Alum, Coagulum aluminosum.
CURE; from cura, 'care.' Aces'ia, A'cesis,
Aces'mus, Cura'tio, C. felix, Sana'tio, San'itas,
(F.) Guerison. A restoration to health; also, a
remedy ; a restorative.
CURE-ALL, Geum Virginianum, (Enothera
biennis.
CUREDENT. Dentiscalpium.
CURE DU RAISIN, Grape-cure.
GURE-LANGUE, (F.) Lingum sealpium,
Tongue-scraper. An instrument of ivory, tor-
toise-shell, &c., shaped like a knife or rasp, for
removing the mucous coating which covers the
tongue after sleep, <tc.
CURE-OREILLE, Ear-pick.
CURETTE, Scoop.
CURMI, Courmi.
CURRANT, BLACK, Ribes nigrum —c. Red,
Ribes Kubrum.
CURRANTS, see Vitis Corinthiaea.
CURRY or CURRIE POWDER. A condi-
ment, formed of various spices, and eaten with
rice, particularly in India. Tlie following is ono
of the forms of its preparations : Sent, curiaiid.
^^sviii, ;o/;j. nigr. i^Vy cayen. ,^j, rad. cnrcunxp.,
sent, cumini, aa ,^iij, sem. firntigr. _^iv : mix.
CURSUMA iliEMORRlIOIDALIS llERBA,
Ranunculus ficaria.
CURSUS, Running — c. Matricis, Leucorrhcea
— 0. Menstruus. Menses.
CURVAMEN. Curvature.
CURVATEUIt I)U COCCYX, Curvator Coo-
CURVATIO, Campsis.
CURVA'TOR COCCY'GIS, (F.) Cnrvaleur dn
Coccyx. Sominering gives this name to a .'iinall
bundle of fleshy fibres, which descends on the
middle of the coccy.x, uniting on each side with
the ischio-coccygei muscles. It is a part of those
muscles.
CUR'VATURE, Curvatu'ra, Curva'men, Fle.T~
ti'ra, Gnamp'sis, from curvare, curvatum, ' to
bend.' Cyrto'ma, (F.) Courbure. The condition
of a line or surface, which approximates more or
less to the form of an arc; as the curvatures of
the spine, duodenum, stomach, <fec. Anoidental
curvatures of bones are the effect of rickets, or
MoUities ossium. The Greeks called the curva-
ture of the spine, 'vjSos, oKoXioi, and \opfioi, accord-
ing as the deviation was backwards, laterally, or
forwards.
Curvature, Pott's, Vertebral disease.
CURVE OF CARUS, see Pelvis.
CURVED LINES, Lin'eas semicircnJa'res cx-
ter'nw seu arcun'tcB, (F.) Courbes Lignes. Two
crooked lines or projections on the posterior sur-
face of the occipital bone. They are distinguished
into superior and inferior. Some lines on the 08
innominatum are also so called.
CURVIMER. Cucumis sativus.
CUSCO-CINCnONIA, Aricina.
CUSCUS, Anilropogon muricatus.
CUSCUTA, C. Europsea.
CuscuTA CiiLOROCARPA, SCO C. Glomcrata.
Cuscu'ta Epith'ymum, C. minor. The system-
atic name of the Dodder of Thyme, Epilh'ymum,
Epith'ymum Cuscu'ta seu Cre'ticum. Ord. Con-
volvulaceag. A parasitical plant, possessed of a
strong, disagreeable smell, and a pungent taste
very durable in the mouth. It was once used as
cathartic in melancholia.
Cusouta EuROPyE'A seu Mjnyor seu tm^i/n'm sea
tetrnn'dra seu Jiliform'is, Cuscu'ta, Epith'ymum
officina'rum, was conceived to possess similar
properties.
CuscuTA FiLiFORMis, C. Europsea.
Cdscuta Glomera'ta, and Cuscuta Chloro-
CAr'pa, Dodder, Amer'ican Dodder, indigenous
plants, are bitterish, subastringent, tonic, and
antiperiodic.
Cuscuta Major, C. Europaea — c. Minor, C.
Epithymura — c. Tetrandra, C. Earopiea — c. Vul-
garis. C. Europaea.
CUSHIA, Ileracleum spondylium.
CUSHY-COW-LADY, Coccinella septempunc-
tata.
CUSPARIA BARK, see C. Febrifuga— c. Bark,
False, Brucea antidysenterica, and Stryehnns
nux vomica.
CuSPA'riA FebRIF'uGA, Bonplan'din trifo-
lin'ta seu anguHtu'ra, Angustn'ra (Ph. U.S.),
Galipce'a febrifuga. Order, Rutacea). The
South American tree which furnishes the Ci(«/)'i'-
ria or Angustura Bark, (F.) Angusture ou Angi*-
ture vraie. Quinquina faux de Virginie. Accord-
ing to Dr. Hancock, however, the Angustura bark
CUSPIS
267
CYANIC
18 derivcfl from Galipat'a officinaliit, Sex. Syft.
Dccandria Monogynia, Nat. Ord. Diosmeae ; and
thi." view has been adopted in the Pharmacopoeia
of the United States. Its odour is peculiar: taste
intensely l)itter and slightly aromatic; pieces
thin; externally, gray and wrinkled; internally,
yellowish-fawn ; fracture, short and resinous. It
yields its virtues to water and to proof spirit. It
is tonic, stimulant, and aromatic. Dose, gr. v to
XX or more, in powder.
CUSPIS. A spear. This name has been
given to the glans penis. — llolfink. It meant,
also, a kind of bandage.
CUSTODIA VIlUilNITATIS, Hymen.
Cl'STOS, Vulva.
CUT, from (F.) emitenu, 'a knife,' or from
West Gothic, Jcofa, 'to cut;' or from xonnt), 'I
cut.' CcBiii'ra, Tome, Incis'io, Viiliuw simplex,
Trent's viilnus simplex, Cope, (F.) Coiipure. A
common expression for the division or solution
of continuity made by a sharp instrument.
CUTAM'BULUS, from cntis, 'skin,' and am-
hulo, 'I walk.' ' Walking in the skin.' An epithet
given to certain parasitical animals, which creep
under the skin — such as the Guinea-worm ; and
to certain pains felt between the skin and flesh,
as it were.
CUTANEAL, Cutaneous.
CUTANEO-SOURCILIER, Corrugator su-
percilii.
CUTA'NEOUS, Cutn'neal, Cuta'neus, (F.) Cu-
iai\i, from cutis, ' the skin.' Belonging to the skin.
CtlTANEOUS DiSEASKS, Eruptions, Epij^hy'-
matn, are the numerous affections of a morbid
character to which the skin is liable — Dennato-
palhi'a, Dcrmato'nes.
Chronic cutaneous diseases may be thus classi-
fied:
( Urticaria.
1. Exanthematous ■< Roseola.
( Erythema,
f Pemphigus.
I Rupia.
2. Vesicular \ Herpes.
Scabies. [?]
\ Eczema.
o Ti 1 1 f Impetigo.
3. Pustular \ Ti.„/i,„^o
( cjctnyma.
' Lichen.
4. Papular < Strophulus.
Prurigo.
Lepra.
5. Squamous \ Psoriasis.
Pityriasis.
Acne.
Sycosis.
6. Folliculous -! Ichthyosis.
Trichosis.
Favus.
Cutaneous Exhalation and Absorption are
those which take place from the skin.
Cutaneous, Middle Posteuior, see Sciatic
nerve, lesser.
Cutaneous Nerves, Cutaneal Nerves, so
called, of the upper extremity, are two in num-
ber. They are given off from the brachial plexus.
The internal cutaneous, Guhito-cutaue, (Ch.,) de-
scends along the inner part of the arm, and di-
vides above the elbow into two branches; the
outermost of which follows the outer edge of the
biceps, and s])rends over the anterior and inner
part of the forearm ; and the innermost accom-
panies the basilic vein, passing to the correspond-
ing side of the hand and little finger. The exter-
fitl cutaneous, Radio-cutane (Ch.,) Mus'culo-Cu-
ta'nens, Pvr'/orona Cassk'uii, passes outwards;
perforates the coraco-brachialis ; descends along
the anterior and outer part of the arm; passes
as far as the middle fold of the elbow under the
median cephalic ; and descends along the ante-
rior and outer edge of the forearm. At some
distance above the wrist, it divides into two
branches; an outer, which is distributed on the
back of the hand, the thumb and index finger;
and an inner, which descends on the muscles of
the thumb into the palm of the hand, and divides
into fine filaments, which may be traced to the
fingers.
Cutaneous nerves, Middle cutaneous, two in
number, are branches of the crural or fcmonil
nerve. They are distributed to the integument
of the middle and lower part of the thigh and
of the knee.
Nervus Cutaneus Ifinor, Lesser internal cuta-
neous nerve. Nerve of Wrisbcr;/, takes its origin
from the axillary plexus, but is more particu-
larly connected with the ulnar nerve. It soi.n
separates from the ulnar, running afterwards be-
tween it and the inner side of the arm. A little
below the axilla it divides into two branches,
which are distributed to the arm.
Chaussier calls the cephalic and basilic veins
the Radial and Cubital Cutaneous.
CUTCII, Catechu.
CUTE, Malleolus.
CUTI, Catechu.
CUTICLE, Epidermis — c. of the Enamel, see
Enamel.
CUTICULA, Epidermis.
CUTIO, Oniscus.
CUTIS, Pellis, Pella, Co'rium, Derma, Deris,
Anihro'pe, Anthro'pen, Skin, (F.) Peau, Derme.
A dense, resisting membrane, of a flexible and
extensible nature, which forms the general en-
velope of the body; and is continuous with the
mucous membranes, through the different niitur;il
apertures. It is generally considered to be formed
of three distinct layers — the epidermis, rete or
more properly corpus mucosum, and corium (cutis
vera, derma). Some anatomists, however, sepa-
rate it into several others. Its outer surfac* is
covered by a number of small eminences, called
papillae, which are generally regarded as essen-
tially nervous and vascular. The skin is our
medium of communication with external bodies.
It protects the subjacent parts; is the seat of
touch; and through it are exhaled the watery
parts of the blood, which are not needed in the
nutrition of the body. The state of the skin, iis
regards heat and dryness, affords useful informa-
tion in pathological investigations. Its colour,
too, requires attention : the paleness of disease is
as characteristic as the rosy complexion of health.
The colour of the skin varies according to the
age, sex, &c. As a general rule, it is finer in the
female and child than in the male and adult. In
old age it becomes light-coloured, thin, and dry.
It likewise varies according to the races, <fec.
Cutis Anserina, Horrida cutis — c. Carnosa,
Panniculus carnosus — c. Extimn, Epidermis — c.
Linguae, see Tongue — c. Suilla, Couenne — c.
Summa, Epidermis— c. Tensa Chronica, Indura-
tion of the cellular tissue — c. Ultima, Epidermis
— c. Vera, Corium, see Cutis.
CUTITIS, Cytitis, Erysipelatous inflammation.
CUTLINS, Groats.
CUTTING ON THE GRIPE, see Lithotomy.
CUTTLE FISH, Sepia.
CUTTUBUTH, Cutuhuth, Kutubutli, Leucomo'.
ria, Melancliol'ia errahund'a. The Arabian
phj'sicians gave this name to a species of melan-
choly, accompanied with so much agitation, that
the patients cannot remain tranquil for the space
of an hour.
CUURDO CANELLA, Laurus cinnamomum.
CYAN'IC, Cyan'icus, (F.) Cyauique; from
CYANEPHIDROSIS
268
CYLLOSOMUS
Kvavoi, 'blue.' An epithet for the blue stage of
a malady — as cholera.
CYANEPHIURO'SrS, from Kvnoi. 'blue,' etj,
nn auguii'iitative preposition, and i^pou, 'I sweat.'
Copious perspiration, vvhinh colours the linen
blue.
CYANODERMIA, Cyanopathy.
CYAN'OGEN, (F.) Cynnmjene ; from Kvavo?,
'blue,' and ytwoia, 'I generate.' So called from
its being an ingredient in Prussian blue. It
forms, with oxygen, the cyanic and other acids ;
with hydrogen, the hydrocyanic acid.
CYANOP'ATHY, Cijonojmthi'a, Ci/nno'sts, C.
C'irdl'aca, Vi/niinder'inia, Ilmuinio-cyano' sin, IIcB-
virito-cy<in(ip(ith!a, Kyauo'sis, 3Iorhu8 cceni'hiis,
Can-nil)' silt neon a to' rum, from Kvavoi, 'blue,' and
vaSos. 'afl'ection.' (F.) Cydnone, Jfaladie bleu,
Jctire bleu. A disease in which the surface of
the body is coloured blue. It is often symptom-
atic, and commonly depends on a direct" com-
munication remaining between the cavities of
the right and left side of the heart; Pa'tency
of the fora'men oim'le, Acleitrocarch'e. — Piorry.
Fuch communication does not, however, always
occasion the blue disease, but it is generally
thought that the disease never exists without
this state of parts; or without some obstacle to
the circulation in the right side of the heart.
The bluencss does not seem to be owing to the
admixture of black and red blood. A child
affected with blueness is said to be cyanosed,
(F.) Cyavose.
GYANOSE, see Cyanosis.
CYANOSIS, Cyanopathy — c. Pulmonalis, Ate-
lectasis piilmonum.
CYANURETUM FERRO-ZINCICUM, Zinci
ferro-hydrocyanas.
CYANUS, Centaurea cyanus — c. .^gyptiacus,
Kymphrea nelumbo.
Cv'a.vus Skg"etum, Bluebottle, (F.) Bluet ou
Blenet des 3Iois8ou8, Barbeau, Anbifoin, Casse-
Luiieltes. Old. Compositae. The blue flowers
of this European plant, {Kvavos, 'blue,') when
distilled with water, have been used in ophthal-
mia.
CYAR, Kvap. 'The eye of a needle,' 'a small
hole.' The Meatus audito'rius internua. See
Auditory canal (internal).
CYATHIS'CUS, diminutive of Kva%i, 'a bowl.'
The concave part of a sound, made like a small
spoon, as in the case of the ear-pick.
CY' ATHUS, ' a bowl.' A measure, both of the
liquid and dry kind, equal to about an ounce and
a half, or to the tenth part of a pint. According
to Pliny and Galen, about 10 drachms.
Cyathus Cerebri, Infundibulum of the brain.
CYBE. Head.
CYBITON, Cubitus.
CYBOIDES, Cuboid.
CYCAS CIRCINALIS, see Sago— c. Revoluta,
see Sago.
CYC'EON, from KvKau>, 'I mix together.' The
ancient name of a medicine of the consistence of
pap, composed of wine, water, honey, flour,
barley meal, and cheese. — Hippocrates.
CYCLAMEN EUROPiE'UM, Aithmii'ta, A.
eyc'I'tnieu, Cyclam'inus, Cyssan'thcmon, Ci/sso-
phyl'lon, Panis porci'nits, Cas'ainum, CJiyli'ni,
Sow-bread. Ord. Primulaceae. Sex. Syst. Pen-
tandria Monogynia. (F.) Pain du Porceau. The
fresh root is said to be acrid, bitter, drastic, and
nnthelraintic. Dose, ,^j. For external use, see
Arthanita,
CYCLE, Cyclus, from kvkXo?, 'a circle.' A
period or revolution of a certain number of years
or days. The Methodists gave this name to an
aggregate of curative means, continued during
a certain number of days. Nine was the usual
number.
Cyclic, IIkbdom'adal or Heptal. A period of
seven days or years, which, according to some,
either in its multiple or submultiplc, governs an
immense number of phenomena of animal life.
CYCLISCUS, Cyclismus.
CYCLIS'MUS. A Troch, Troehis'cus. This
name, as well as Cyclis'cns, was also given to a
circular kind of rasp. They have the same ety-
mon as cycle.
CYCLOCEPH'ALUS, (F.) Cyclocephale, from
kvk\os, 'a circle,' and Kc.ipa\r\, 'head.' A monster
whose eyes are in contact, or united in one.
CYCLOPHOR'IA, from /cukXoj, 'a circle,' and
(^ffju, ' I bear.' The circulation of the blood or
other fluids.
CYCLO'PIA. Same etymon as Cyclops. State
of a monster that has both eyes united into one.
Called, also, 3lonops'ia and lihinencejihal'ia.
Cyclopia Genistoi'des ; Nat. Ord. Legumi-
nosaj. A South African plant, the decoction and
infusion of which are used as expectorants in
chronic bronchitis and in phthisis.
CYCLOPS, (cukAox/', from kvkSo^, 'an orb or
circle,' and oiij/, 'an eye.' Jlonoc'ulus, Munops,
3foiio])hthal'nius, 3/onom'matiis, Unioc'ulus, Unoc'-
h/us. a monster having but one eye, and that
placed in the middle of the forehead, like the
fabulous Cvclops.
CYCLOSIS, Circulation.
CYCL0T03IE, Cyclot'omtm, from kvkKo^, 'a
circle,' and Ttfxvnv, 'to cut.' An instrument, com-
posed of a ring of gold and a cutting blade, by
means of which the ball of the eye can be fixed,
whilst the cornea is cut. It was invented by a
surgeon of Bordeaux, named Guerin, for extract-
ing the cataract. It is not used.
CYCLUS, Circulus.
CY'DONIA, Pyrus cydonia — c. Maliformis,
Pyrns cydonia — c. Vulgaris, Pyrus cydonia.
CY'DONIA'TUM, Cydoua'tum, Dyacydoni'tes.
A composition of the Cydonia mala or quinces,
with the addition of spices. — Paulus of .<Egina.
CYDONIUM, see Pyrus Cydonia— c. Malum,
see Pyrus cydonia.
CYE'MA, Kvv/ta, from kvu), 'I conceive.' Coyi-
ception. Likewi.se the product of conception.
See Embryo, and Foetus.
CY'ESIOGNO'MON, from Kvricig, 'pregnancy,'
and yvw/Kxiv, 'a sign, a token.' A sign of pregnancy.
CYESIOGNO'SIS, from KV7,<rts, 'pregnancy,'
and yvuiaii, 'knowledge.' Diagnosis of pregnancy.
CYESIOL'OGY, Cyesiolo;/"ia, from kiwis,
'pregnancy,' and Aoyoj, 'a description.' The
doctrine of gestation.
CYESIS, Conception, Fecundation, Pregnancy.
CYESTEINE, Kiesteine.
CYLICII'NE, Cylichnis. A pill-box or earth-
enware pot, or small cup; from <cvAi|, 'a cup.' —
Galen, Foesius.
CYLINDRI, see Villous membranes — c. Mem-
branacei renum, see Cali.x.
CYL'INDROID, Cylindroi'des, from Kvhvlpos,
'cylinder,' and uioi, 'form.' Having the form
of a cylinder. Chaussier calls the Cornu Ammo-
nis, Protuberance cylindro'ide.
CYLINDROTDES, Teres.
CYLLOEPUS, see Kyllosis.
CYLLOPODA, see Kyllosis.
CYLLOPODION, see Kyllosis.
CYLLO'SIS, KvWuiaii. Lameness, mutilation,
or vicious conformation. — Hippocrates, Galen.
See Kyllosis.
CYLLOSO'MUS, from kdXAos, ' crooked,' and
atonn, 'body.' A malformation by defect, in
which the fissure and eventration are lateral,
chiefly in the lower part of the abdomen, the in-
CYMATODES
2G9 CYNANCHE TRACHEALIS
ferior extremity of the side affected with the
Dsisiire nbirnt. or very little developed. — Vogel.
CYMATO'DES. Undo' huh from KVfia, 'a wave,'
and £11^05, ' roseiiiblance.' The vacillating, undu-
hitorv cliaractcr of the pulse in weak individuals.
CYMRA. Vulva.
CYMBALARIA ELATINE. Antirhinum ela-
tinc— !■. Miiralis, Antirhinum linaria.
CYMIiALAKIS. Cricoid.
CY.MlilFORMI": OS. Scaphoid bone.
CYMHOl'OGON SCHCEXANTIIUS, Juncus
odoratus.
CYMINUM. Cuminum cyminum.
CYMOtiRAPIIION", Kymf>graphion.
CYXAN'CIIE, Aiif/i'na, from kv(i>v, kvvo;, *a
dog,' and ayx(o, 'I suffocate' [?], 'Dog choak,'
S'li'e Thrnat, (Old E.) Swenaie, Swlii'acie ; Pai-n-
cyiian'che, Si/ii(tii'che, Pnoiel'la, Sqittnan'thia,
EiiipicH'ma PuriHthmi'tis, Cunma Pdn'Hthmi'tis,
Iithmi'liH, Parlsthmi'tis, Inftammatio Fan'cinni.
Intiammation of the supra-diaphragmatic portion
of the alimentary canal, and of the lining mem-
brane of the upper part of the air-passages : — (F.)
Anijine, Enqin'naiicie, Mai de Gorije, Synanvie,
Sqniiiaiicie, Kiiiancie. It comprises the follow-
ing chief varieties.
Cyn'axche Epidrmica, Cynanche maligna — c.
Externa, C. Parotidrea — c. Faucium, C. tonsillaris
— c. Qangroenosa, Cynanche maligna — c. Laryn-
gea, Laryngitis.
Cynanche Malig'na, 0. gnngrcBnn'sn seu epi-
dem'ica seu piir'piiro-pnrotidai'a seu nlcero'sa,
Febn's epidein'ica cum Aiii/i'iid, Empres'ma Pa-
riithnii'tis Mnlig'nd, Toitsi/lit'riiiii gangrcB'na,
Tonsil'la pentilen'tes, Epkhm'icix giittiiris lues,
PentUcns faii'ciiim affec'tim, Poidau' chnne [?],
Gnngrteni TininHln'riuii, UIcuh Si/n'itctim, Gnr-
rotil'lo, Cnrbiiii'culits aiigiuo'miK, Aiigi'iin xdcero'sn
Beu idciiKcidii'Hii seu epidem' ica seu gaiigrcBiio'sn
seu maliy'nn ncn/uii'ciiim mnlig'iia, hthntot;/' pints,
Putrid or Ulcerous Sore Throat, Gangrenous hi-
fiamnKitimi of the Pharynx, (F.) Angi'ne gan-
grSneiiie ou .]fiiligne. It is characterized by
crimson rcflness of the mucous membrane of the
fauces and tonsils; ulcerations, covered with
mucus; and spreading sloughs, of an ash or
whitish htie: the accompanying fever typhus.
It is often epidemic, and generally contagious [?] ;
and is frequently found accompanying scarlet
fever, — giving rise to the variety, Scrir/<ftiHa mn-
Ugnn, Cttnhcr rash. Cynanche maligna has been
made to inchulo both diphtheritic and gangrenous
pharyngitis. See Pharyngitis, diplitheritic.
The general treatment is the same as in typhus ;
and stimulant antiseptic gargles must be used,
consisting, for example, of the decoction of bark
and muriatic acid.
CvNANciiK Maxillaris, c. Parotidica — c. (Eso-
phagea, ffisopliagitis.
Cynanche PAiiOTin.E'A, C. Parotides seu ex-
ter'na seu ma.ri/la'ris, Empres'ma Paroti'tis,
Parotitis, P. epidem'ica seu eri/sipelnto'sa sen
contagio'sit seu spn'ria seu sero'so gln'tine tu'-
viens, Parol' ia, Parotidi'tis, Angina ma.xilla'ris
seu externa seu parotidcp.'a externa, Gissa, Ery-
throchrp'rns, Geinjorynan'ehf, Gnathorynan'ehe,
Inflammn'tio puro'lidnm, Infla'tio paro'tidnm,
Cntar'rhns IhllinsnJa'nns, Pranks (Scotch),
Mumps, (F.) Intiammation de la Parotide, Oreil-
lims, Onrlrs. The characteristic symptoms are :
— a painful tumour of the parotid gland, or of
the cellular tissue surrounding it. or of both, not
of the suppurative kind; frequently extending to
the mnxillary gland. It is very conspicuous ex-
ternally, and is often accompanied with swelling
of the testes in the male, and of the matuuuc in
the female ; the testes being sometinu's absorbed
afterwards. It is generally epidemic, and appa-
rently contagious. [?J The treatment is very
simple; the adoption merely of the antiphlogistic
plan, under which it usually soon disappears.
When inflammation of the raammre or testes
supervenes, it must be treated as if idiopathic.
Epidem'ic Paroti'tis or Mumps is also termed
Paroti'tis polymor'pha seu epidem'ica seu spe-
cif ica.
Cynanche Pharynge'a, Empres'ma Paris,
thmi'lis Pharyngea, Isthmi'tis, Pharyngi'tis, In-
flnmma'tio Pharyn'gis, Parasynan'che, Angina
inflammatoricB. Sp. iv. — (Boerhave.) (F.) An-
gine Pkaryngee, Catarre pharyngien. Inflam-
mation of the pharynx.
This disease can hardly be said to differ, in
pathology or treatment, from Cynanche tonsil-
laris. The same may be remarked of the Cynan-
che (Esophage'a, (Esophagi' tis.
Cynancbe PiiUNELLA, C. Tonsillaris — c Pur-
puro-parotidaea, Cynanche maligna — c. Simplex,
Isthmitis — c. Stridula, C. trachealis.
Cynanche Tonstlla'ris, C./an'cium seu Pru-
nella, Emprcsma Parlsthmi'tis Tonsillii'ris, Sy-
nan'che, Ami/f/dali'tis, liranci, Branrhi, Hyan' -
chc, Tonsilli'tis, Paristh'mia, Parlsthmi'tis, Dys-
pha'gia {n/lannnato'rta, Antiadi'tis, Angina in-
flammato'ria seu cum tunio're seu tonsilla'ris seu
synocha'lls seu aangnin'ea seu vera et legit' ima,
Inflamma'tio TonsiUa'rum, Antindon'cus injiatn-
mato'rins, In/lammatory Sore Throat, Common
Squitianry, Squinzey, Squinsy or Quinsy, (F.)
Amyydalite, Inflammation des Amygdales, Angine
tonsillaire, Pharyngite tonsillaire, Esquinaneic,
Sqninancie, Catarrhe guttural, Angine guttnra/e
in/lammatoire. The characteristic sj'mptoms of
this affection are, swelling and florid redness of
the mucous membrane of the fauces, and espe-
cially of the tonsils; painful and impeded deglu-
tition, accompanied with inllanimatory fever. It
is generally ascribed to cold, and is one of the
most common affections of cold and temperate
climates. It usually goes off by resolution, but
frequently ends in suppuration.
Common sore throat is an affection of no con-
sequence. It requires merely rest, and the ob-
servance of the antiphlogistic regimen. AVhen
more violent, — in addition to this, — bleeding,
local or general, or both, — purgatives, inhalation
of the steam of warm water; acid, or emollient
gargles; rubefacients externally, or sinai>isms or
blisters. AVhen suppuration must inevitably
occur, the continued use of the inhaler mus-t be
advised, and an opening be made into the abscess
as soon as pus shall have formed. If the patient
be likely to be suffocated by the tumefaction,
bronchotomy may be necessary.
Cynanche Trachea'i.is, Cynanche larynge'a
of some, C. strid'ula, Snff'oca'tio strid'nla. Asth-
ma inf'au'tnm, Cafar'rhus snffocati'vus Barbadeu'-
sis, Angl'na polypo'sa seu memhrana'cea seu pul-
po'sa seu pernicio'sa seu inflammato'ria seu suffo-
cato'ria seu strep! to' sa seu cani'na seu exsudato'-
ria seu trachca'/is, Empres'ma bronchi'tis seu
bronehlemmi'tis, Laryngi'tis et Trachei'tia in-
fan'tilis, Laryngi'tis exsndati'ra SCU membrana'-
een seu polypo'sa, Laryngos'tasis seu Laryngo-
trachei'tis, Laryngo-trncheitis with diphtherit'ic
exnda'tion, Laryngoc'ace, Orthopnoe'a cynan'-
chiea. Cynanchorthopna''a, Padanihone [/], Mor-
bus Strangulato'rins, Trachi'tis, Trachei'tis, Tra-
cheli'tis, Diphtheri'tis trachea'lis, Expertora'tio
Sol'idn. Cauma Bronchi'tis, Croup, Roup. Hives,
Bold Hives, Choak, Stuffing, Rising of the lights,
(F.) Angine laryngee et tracheale, Laryngite avic
jiroduetion de fausses membranes, Laryngite
pseudo-membraneuse. A disease characterized
by sonorous and suffocative breathing; harsh
voice; cough, ringing, or like the barking of a
dog; fever, highly inflammatory. It is apt to
be speedily attended with the formation of a
CYNANCHICA
270
CYPRUS
false membrane, which lines the trachea beneath
the glottis, and occasions violent dyspnoea and
suffocation, but is sometimes expectorated. The
dyspnoea, as in all other affections of the air-
passages, has evident exacerbations. It differs
in its character in different situations; being in-
finitely more inflammatory in some places than
in others, and hence the success obtained by dif-
ferent modes of treatment. It chiefly affects
children, and is apt to recur, but the subsequent
attaclis are usually less and less severe.
As a general rule, it requires the most ac-
tive treatment; bleeding from the arm or neck,
so as to induce palieness ; leeches applied to the
neck, Ac, according to the age, — the warm bath,
nlisters to the neck or chest, and purgatives.
Formidable as the disease may be, if this plan be
followed enr!y, it will generally be successful.
Many specifics have been recommended, but
the search has been idle and fruitless. The
majority of cases of what are called croup are
not of this inflammatory east; but are more of
a spasmodic character, and have been termed by
the French faux croups, and with us are occa-
sionally termed spasmodic croup. They gene-
rally yield to an emetic and the warm bath.
CvxANCHE Trachealis Spasmodica, Asthma
acutum, A. Thymicum — c. Ulcerosa, Cynanche
maligna.
CYNAN'CHICA. Medicines used in cases of
quinsy were formerly so called.
C Y A N C H 0 R T H 0 P N (E A, Cynanche tra-
chealis.
CYNAN'CHUM. Same etymon. A genus of
plants, Ord. Asclepiadacese, of which the follow-
ing are used in medicine.
CvNANrHUM Argel, C. olesefolium — c. Ipeca-
cu.'vtiha, Tylophora asthmatica.
CvNANCHl'M Monspel'iacum, Scam'mony of
ifontpellier. The plant furnishes a blackish kind
of gum-resin, which is purgative, and but little
used.
Cy>?ANCHrM Ole^FO'liom, C. argel, Soleno-
stem'ma argel, Argel. An Egyptian, Nubian and
Arabian shrub, the leaves of which form a por-
tion of most samples of Alexandrian senna.
They resemble senna in their action.
Cynanchum ToMENTOsuAf, Tylophora asthmat-
ica— c. Vincetoxicum, Asclepias vincetoxicum —
c. Viridiflorum, Tylophora asthmatica — c. Vomi-
toriura, Tvlophora asthmatica.
CYNANTIIEMIS, Anthemis cotula.
CYNANTHRO'PIA, from kvwv, kvvos, 'dog,'
and n»'5purroc, ' man.' A variety of melancholia,
in which the patient believes himself changed
into a dog; and imitates the voice and habits of
that animal.
CYN'ARA, 0. Scol'ymvs, Cin'ara scol'ymns, ki-
vapa. The systematic name of the Ar'tichoke, Al-
Cdc'nhuti, Articoc'alus, Artlscoc'ciis Icpvis, Costtis
nigra, Crir'duns sati'vus rion spino'siis, Cliinra hor-
ten'fiis, Scolymus sati'vus, Car'duus sativus seu
domest'icus cap'ite majo're seu al'tilis, anciently
KoKTos, cactus, (F.) Artichaut. Ord. Compositee.
Sex. Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia acqualis. In-
digenous in the southern parts of Europe. Much
used as an agreeable article of diet. The juice
of the leaves, mixed with white wine, has been
given in dropsies.
CYN'ICUS, Cyno'des, from kvu)v, kvvo;, 'a dog.'
Cynic, (F.) Cynique. Relating to, or resembling
a dog. Cyuic spasm is a convulsive contraction
of the muscles of one side of the face, — dragging
the eye, cheek, mouth, nose, &c., to one side.
See Canine.
CYNIPS QUERCUS FOLII, see Quercus in-
fectoria.
CYXOCOPRUS, Album grtecum.
CYNOCRAxMBE, Mercurialis perennia.
CYXOCTONON. Aconitum.
CYNOCYTISUS, Rosa canina.
CYNODEC'TOS, from kvuiv, ' a dog,' and i„Ku,,
' I bite.' One who has been bitten by a dog. —
Dioscorides.
CYNODES, Cvnicus.
CYNODESMION, Frsenum penis.
CYNODESMUS. Fnrnum penis.
CY'NODON DAC'TYLON, (/cucuv, 'a dng.'aml
o&ovs, o6ovTOi, ' a tooth,') J'oii' icuui seu Digitii'ii<i
dactyhiu, Bermuda grass; indigenous. Ord,
Graminea;. The roots have been used as a sub-
stitute for sarsaparilla.
CYNODONTES, Canine teeth.
CYNOGLOS'SUM, from kwv, kwo^, 'a do^r/
and Y^uiaaa, 'a tongue.' Cynoglos'sum nffiviiin'le
seu bi'color, Liugua Caui'na, Houud's loiiiine,
Cuballa'tiou, (F.) Laugue dc Chieii. Ord. Bora-
gineae. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. It
is aromatic and mucilaginous, and has been sup-
posed to be possessed of narcotic properties.
CYNOGLOSSUM AMPLEXICAULE, C. Vir-
ginicum.
CYNOGLOSSUM VIRGIN'ICUM,C.nm;)to-'.
caule. Wild Coni/rey ; indigenous; has mu(;ilai;i-
nous properties. The leaves are smoked, and iiro
said to produce effects like those of tobacco. [?]
CYNOLOPIIOI, Spinous processes of the ver-
tebrae.
CYNOLYSSA, Hydrophobia.
CYNOMETRA AGALLOCHUM, Agallochum.
CYNOMOIA, Plantago psyllium.
CYNOMO'RIUM COCCIN'EUM, from Kvm,
Kvvos, 'a dog,' and/iU)p(ov, 'the penis.' (F.) Cltum.
2)ign(in dc 3/alle. Ord. Balanophoreae. Impro-
perly called Fungus Meliten'sis, or Fungus of
Jlalla, as it is not a fungus. The powder has
been given as an astringent in hemorrhage,
dysentery, &c.
CYNOREXIA, Boulimia.
CYNORRHODON, Rosa canina.
CYNOSBATOS, Rosa canina.
CYNOSORCHIS, Orchis mascula,
CYNOSPASTUM, Rosa canina.-
CYON, KVMv. The word sometimes signifies
the frainum of the prepuce; at others, the penis.
CYOPHORIA, Pregnancy.
CYOT'ROPHY, Cyotroph'ia, Emhrynt'rnphj,
Emhryotroph'ia, from Kvoi, 'embryo,' and rpcipuv,
'to nourish.' Nutrition of the embryo. Fatal
nutrition.
CY^'PARISSUS, Cupressus sempervirens.
CYPERUS ANTIQUORUM, xvncipos, Lawso-
nia incnnis — c. Indicus, Curcuma longa.
Cyi'e'uus LoN'GIJS, C. Rnma'nus, Galanguk,
(F.) Souehet odorant. Ord. Cyperacea). It pos-
sesses aromatic and bitter properties, but is not
used. See, also, Dorstenia contrayerva.
Cyperus Odorus, Dorstenia contrayerva — c.
Peruanus, Dorstenia contrayerva — c. Romanus,
C. longus.
Cyperis RoTUN'Drs, C. tetrns'tachys, the
Bound Cype'rua, (F.) Souehet rond. It is a more
grateful aromatic bitter than the C. longus.
Cyperts Tetrastachys, C. rotundas.
CY''PHEL, Sempervivura tectorura.
CYPIIO'MA, Cyphos, Cyph.'sis, Cyrto'mn, Ci/r-
to'sis, Opisthocypho'sis, from kv^os, 'gibbous.'
Gibbosity of the spine. See Vertebral Cohinin,
<fec. Cyrtosis forms a genus in the order Dy-
thet'icn, and class Hamat'ica of Good, and is de-
fined: 'head bulky, especially anteriorly ; ,«talure
short and incurvated ; flesh flabby, tabid, and
wrinkled.' It includes Cretinism, and Uicktln.
CYPIIOSIS, Gibbositas, see Hump, and Ky-
phosis.
CYPBES, Cupressus sempervirens.
CYPRESS
271
CYSTIRRIIAGIA
CYPRESS, Cupressua serapervirens, Taxodium
dis<tic'liuiii — c. Bald, Taxodium distichum — c.
Tree, Liriodendron.
CYP'RINUiM (O'LEUM), itt-irpivoi/ (tXaiov), Oil
of Ci/j/reui) ; preyiared of olive oil, cypress flowers,
calamus, myrrh, cardamom, inula, bitumen of
Juda;a, Ac. It wae formerly employed in cer-
tain di.-ieases of the uterus, jjleurisies, Ac, and
was regarded to be both stimulant and emollient.
CYFRIPE'DIUM ACAU'LE, (Kutois, 'Venus,'
ond irafiiov, 'a sock or buskin.') C hn'inUe, Stem-
U-HH Lm/ics' Slijiper ; Mi>ccu*'\n Flov)er ; Noah's
Ark. Ord. Orchidaceae. Indigenous ; flowers
in May and June. The roots are used by steam-
doctors in nervous diseases, like valerian.
Cyi'KII'KDium Calceolus, C. Luteutn, C. spec-
tabile — c. Canadense, C, spectabile — c. Flaves-
cens, C. Luteum — c. Humile, C. aeaule.
Cvphipe'dium Lu'teum, C. Calcc'oluH seu Ffn-
res'ccna seu Pubes'ceiia seu Parvijio'nun, Yellow
Iddies' sUpjier, Moc'catin /lower, Moccasin j)lai)t,
Yellows, Jl(i'edi>ig heart, Amer'ican vale,' rian,
Yellow iimbil, male Mervine, Noah's ark, (F.) Sa-
bot (le Venus jaune. An indigenous plant, which
is found all over the United States ; blossoming
in May and June. The root is considered to be
antispasmodic, and is used in the same cases as
valerian.
Cyi'uipedium Pakviflorum, C. Luteum — c.
Pubcscens, C. Luteum.
Cvi'iiiPEDiiiM Spectab'ile, C. Calce'olus seu
Cintndini'se, Shovjy ladies' slipper, is the most
beautiful of the genus. It is said to possess pro-
perties identical with those of C. Luteum.
CYPRIUM, Cuprum.
CYPSELE, Cerumen.
CYKCEON, Anus.
CYRTOIDES, Cuboid.
CY'RTOMA, Curvature, Cyphoma.
CYRTONOSOS, Rachitis.
CYSSANTHEMOx\, Cyclamen.
CYSSARUS, Anus, Rectum.
CYSSOPIIYLLON, Cyclamen.
CYS'SOTIS, from Kvao;, ' the anus.' The lower
part of the rectum : tenesmus.
CYST, Kyst.
CYSTAL'CilA, Cysttdal'gia, from Kvari?, 'the
bladder,' and aXyog, 'pain.' Pain in the bladder.
C\'STANENCEPHA'LIA,from -cKdr.f, 'a blad-
der,' and aneiicepha'lia, 'absence of brain.' A
monstrosity, in which, in place of a brain, a blad-
der is found filled with fluid. — G. St. Hilaire.
CYSTATROPII'IA, from Kvans, 'bladder,' and
arpoipta, ' atrophy.' Aci/sliiro trophic, — Piorry.
Atrophy or wasting of the bladder.
CYSTAUCIIENOTOM'IA,f;y-(/(</me/ie/o<om'i-«,
CjiKtldotrachelotom' in, from Kvam, 'a bladder,'
av)(^r]v, 'the neck,' and rofjiri, 'incision.' An inpi-
sion into the nei-k of the bladder. See Lithotomy.
CYSTAUX'E, Hi/pertroph'ia vesi'ccB nrina'rim.
Callos'ilas resi'ccB ; from Kvarii, ' bladder,' and
oufi), ' increase.' Hypertrophy of the coats of
the urinary bladder. — Fuchs. See Cysthypersar-
cosis.
CYSTECTASY, Lithectasy.
CYSTENCEPII'ALUS, from Kvam, 'bladder,'
and Ktipa\ri, 'head.' A monster having a head
with a vesicular brain. — G. St. Jlilaire.
CYSTEOL'ITIIOS, from kvcth. ' the bladder,'
and A Ooj, 'a stone.' Stone in the bladder. Also,
a medicine, employed to dissolve or break stone.
CYSTERETJIIS'MUS. IrriiabU'itos feu Impa-
tien'tin Vesi'ca;, from Kvarif, 'the bladder,' and
tptBt^u), 'I irritate.' Irritability of the bladder.
CYSTHEPAT'ICUS, from ^Jffr.f,' the bladder,'
»nd 'ii-rrap, ' the liver.' Belonging to the gall-
bladder and liver. This name was given, for-
luerly, to imaginary excretory ducts for the bile,
which were supposed to pass directly from the
liver to the gall-bladder.
CYSTHEPAT0LITnrASIS,Q/«^WeyK//o/(7A/'-
asis, Cholelith'ia, Cholelilhi'asis, from Kvaris, 'the
bladder,' 'vap, 'the liver,' and Xi^taaif, 'pain
caused by a calculus.' The aggregate of pheno-
mena caused by the presence of biliary calculi.
See Calculi, biliary.
CYSTHITIS, kysthitis.
CYSTHUS, Anus, Vulva.
CYSTIIYPERSARCO'SIS, from kv<ttis, 'blad-
der,' 'v-rtp, 'over,' and ffopicwCTis, 'a flesh}' growth ;'
Excrescen'tia Vesi'ccp, nrina'rice. A fleshy thick-
ening of the coats of the bladder.
CYSTIC, Cys'tictis, (F.) Vistique, from xvarts,
'a bladder.' Belonging to the gall-bladder. Also,
containing Cystte, Cystous.
Cystic Artery, Arte'ria Cyn'tico, is given off
from the right branch of the hepatic, and divides
into two branches, which proceed to the gall-
bladder. It is accompanied by two cystic veins,
which open into the vena porta abdominalis.
Cystic Bile. Bile contained in the gall-
bladder.
Cystic Cal'culi. Calculi formed in the gall-
bladder. See Calculi.
Cystic Duct, Duclns cys'ticns, 3fea'liis cys'ti-
ciis. The duct proceeding from the gall-bladder,
which, by its union with the hepatic, forms the
ductus comtnunis cho/edochiis.
Cystic Oxyd, 0.\yd, cystic — Cystic Oxyd Cal-
culi, see Calculi, Urinary.
Cystic Sarco'ma, of Ab'ernetiiy, Emphy'ma
Sarcoma cellulo'suin. Tumour, cellulous or cys-
tous ; cells oval, currant-sized or grape-sized, con-
taining serous fluid; sometimes caseous. Found
in the thyroid gland (forming bronchocele,) testis,
ovarium, <fec.
CY'S'TICA, Cystic Remedies. Such medicines
as were formerly believed proper for combating
diseases of the bladder.
CYSTICER'CUS, from kvoth, 'a bladder,' and
KipKOi, 'a tail.' A genus of entozoa of the family
of the hydatids, distinguished by the caudal
vesicle in which the cylindrical or slightly de-
pressed body of the animal terminates. The Cys-
ticer'cus cellulo'sm, (F.) Cysticerqne du Tissu celln-
laire, Hy'datis fiuna, has been often found in the
cellular membrane.
CYSTICERQUE DU TISSU CELLU-
LA [RE, Cvsticercus cellulosae.
CYSTIDALGIA, Cvstalgia.
CYSTIDELCO'SIS," from Kvarn, 'bladder,' and
'tXxuiCTif, ' ulceration.' Suppuration or ulceration
of the urinary bladder.
CYSTIDEPATICUS. Hepatocystic.
CYSTIDEPATOLITIIIASIS,Cysthepatolithi-
asis.
CYSTIDOBLENNORRHCEA, Cystirrhoea.
CYSTIDOCATARRHUS, CystirVhoea.
CYSTIDOCELE. Cystocele.
CYSTIDOPLEGIA, Cystoparalysis.
CYSTIDORRHAGIA, Cystorrhagia.
CYSTIDORRHEXIS, Cystorrhexis.
CYSTIDORRHCEA, Cystirrhoea.
CYSTIDOSOMATOTOMIA, Cystosomatoto-
mia.
CYSTIDOSPASMUS, see Cystospastic.
CYSTIDOSTENOCHORIA, Stricture of the
urinary bladder.
CYSTIDOTOMIA, Cvstotomia.
CYSTIDOTRACHELOTOMIA, Cystaucheno-
tomia.
CYSTINE, Oxyd. cystic.
CYSTIXURIA, Urine, cystinic.
CYSTTXX, Vesicula.
CYSTIPHLOGIA, Cystitis.
CYST1RRHAG"IA, from Kvsm, ' the bladder,'
and priyvviji, 'I break forth.' Hemorrhage from the
CYSTIRRIIEUMA
CYSTOSOMATOMIA
lladder, (F.) Hemnrrhtifjie de la Vessie. By some
used sviiDnyuHiuslv with cystii-rhcca.
CYSTIRRIIEUMA, CystDrrheuin a.
CYSTIRllHCE'A, from Kvam, 'the bladder,'
and p£u, 'I flow.' Paru'ria Stillnti"tia Muco'sn,
Bleiniu'ria, Blennorrhae'a uriua'lis seu vesi'ccB,
Ci/Hto-hleniKirihoi'a, Cyiturrhos'a, Ojstidii-blennor-
rlue'd, Iwhu'ria, Ci/nto-phlegiiiat'ica, Tenes'mits
Vesi'cce MiiC(j'»HS, Uii'iin ninco'itn, Ci/stucalar'-
rhus, C>/stido-catur'rhnii, Cystidurrhce'a, Urocysto-
catar'rluiK, JJysu'ria Mucn'sn, Pyit'ria Mucosa
seu vii'cida seu sero'nti, Morbus eyntophlcymdl'-
icua, C'ltar'riins veni'cce, (F.) Ci/nlite muqueune,
Blenno-cystite, Flur mnqunux de la vessie, Cutar-
rhe vesical, /ikiicyslorrliee, — Piorry. A copious
discharge of mucus from the bladder, passing out
with the urine, and generally attended with <lysu-
ria. It is commonly dependent upon an inflam-
matory or subinfiammatory condition of the lining
membrane. The treatment must be regulated by
the cause. If it be not produced by an extrane-
ous body ; the antiphlogiritic plan, — tJio exhibition
of warm diluents, and keeping the surface in a
perspirable state, by wearing flannel, are indi-
cated. Some of the turpentines may, at times,
be given with advantage; and astringent or other
appropriate injections be thrown into the bladder.
CYSTIS, Follicle, Urinary bladder — c. Cho-
ledochus, (iall-bladder — c. Fellea, Gall-bladder
— c. Serosa, Hygroma.
CYSTITE, Cystitis— c. Muqueuse, Cystitis.
CYSTI'TIS, from Kvam, 'the bladder.' Tu-
Jlamina'tio Vesi'ccB, Empres' ma Cystl'tis, Oysti'tis
xi'rica, Uro-cysti'tis, Cystiphlo'gia, Cystophlo'yia,
Inflammation of the bladder, (F.) Oyntite, In-
flammation de la vessie, Cystnrite, — Piorry ; cha-
racterized by pain and swelling in the hypogas-
tric region ; discharge of urine painful or ob-
structed, and tenesmus. It may afl'eet one or
all of the membranes ; but commonly it is con-
fined to the mucous coat. In the chronic con-
dition, it appears in the form of cystirrhoea. It
must be treated upon the same energetic princi-
ples as are required in other cases of internal
inflammation; venesection, general and local,
the warm bath, warm fomentations, warm, sooth-
ing enemata, diluents, &c. Cantharides must
be avoided, even in the way of blisters, unless
with precautions, as the disease is often occa-
sioned by them.
Cystitis Fellea, Cholecystitis — c. Urica, Cys-
titis.
CYSTITOME, Cystit'omvs, Oyst'otome,Kibis'i-
tome, Kys'titome, Kystotome, from Kvarn, ' the
bladder,' and Ttfivtiv, ' to cut.' An instrument,
invented by Lafaye, for dividing the anterior
oart of the capsule of the crystalline in the opera-
tion for extracting cataract. It was formed like
the Pharynfjotome.
CYSTO. In composition, relating or apper-
taining to a bladder, and generally to the urinary
bladder.
CYSTOBLAST, Cytoblast.
CYSTO-BLENNORRH(EA, Cystirrhoea.
CYSTO-RUBOXOCE'LE, from kvhth, 'the
bladder,' liov^uiv, 'the groin.' and Kri\t], 'a tu-
mour.' Hernia of the bladder through the abdo-
minal ring.
CYSTO-CATARRHUS, Cystirrhoea.
CYSTOCE'LE, Cystope'lia, Cistoee'le, Cyalido-
ce'le, from kuo-tij, 'the bladder,' and Kri\n, 'a tu-
mour,' Her'nia vesi'e<2 uriiin'riee, Hernia of the
bladder, (F.) Hemic de la Vessie. It is not com-
mon. It occurs, most frequently, at the abdomi-
nal ring; less so at the crural arch, perinaenm,
vagina, and foramen thyroidoum. It may exist
alone, or be accompanied by a sac, containing
some abdominal viscus. The tumour is soft and
fluctuating; disappears on pressure, and increases
in size when tlui urine is retained. It m\\f.{ lie
redu(red and kept in position by a truss. Vuyi.
nal cystocele is kept in [)lacc by a pessary.
Cystocele Biliosa, Turgesceutia vesiculu)
fellea?.
CYSTODYN'IA. from kv<ttis, 'the bladder,'
and oSvvn, 'pain.' Pain of tiie bladder; particu-
larly rheumatic pain.
CYSTOJI^'MIA, (F.) Cystohemie, from kvcuu
' bladder,' and 'ai/ia, ' blood.' Congestion of
blood in the bladder.
CYSTOID, CysloVdeus, Cyst-like, from itiiffTK,
' a bladder or cyst,' and ubof, ' resemblance. TliiU
whi<di resembles a cyst, as ' ci/stoid tum<iur.'
CYSTO-LITIIIASIS, see Calculi, vesical.
CYSTO-LITU'IC, Cystolilh'icus, (F.) Cj/sto.
lithique, from Kvarig, 'the bladder,' and AiSoj, "a
stone.' Relating to stone in the bladder.
CYSTOMA, see Kyst.
CYSTO-MEROCE'LE, from kvoth, 'the blad-
der,'/;i£po5, 'the thigh,' and Kri\ri, 'hernia.' Fe-
moral hernia, formed by the bladder protrudiii"
beneath the crural arch.
CYSTON'CUS, from kvoth, 'the bladder,' aud
oyfof, ' tumour.' Swelling of the bladder.
CYSTOPARAL'YSIS, C'ystidoparal'ysis, Cyx-
tidople'yia, Cystople'ijia, Cystoplejc'ia, Acynliiier'-
vin, Avysturonervia, Ainyosthenie Cystiiri/jiie, —
Piorry, from Kvarti, ' bladder,' and TrapaXvon,
' palsy.' Paralysis of the urinary bladder. See
Enuresis.
CYSTO-PHLEGMAT'IC, Cystophlpymat'icm,
from KvuTii, 'the bladder,' and (^^£y//o, ' mucus,
phlegm.' Belonging to the vesical uuicus. Mor-
bus ci/stophleijmat'icus. Cj'Stirrhoea.
CYSTOPHLOGIA, Cystitis.
CYSTOPHTHI'SIS, Piithisis vesiea'lis, from
KvoTti, ' the bladder,' and (jidiij), ' I consume.' Con-
sumption from ulceration of the bladder, — Ul'cera
seu Hfleo'sis resi'rcp,
CYSTOPLAS'TIC, Cysto])laH'ticus,irom kvoth,
' the bladder,' and irXaacbi, ' I form.' An cpilljet
for an operation for the cure of fistulous o])etiin{;s
into the bladder, Cys'toplasty, (F.) C'yito/jltiHtie ;
sometimes restricted to the cure by translatiou
of skin from a neighbouring part.
CYSTOPLEGIA. Cystoparalysis.
CYSTOPLEG"IC, Cystopleg'''icus. Bclongin!;
to paralysis of the bladder ; from kvoth, ' the
bladder,' and nXtjaaui, ' I strike.'
CYSTOPLEX'IA, Cystoparalvsis.
CYSTOPTO'SIS, from Kvans. 'the blarkler,'
and -niKTciv, ' to fall.' Relaxation of the inner
membrane of the bladder, which projects into tlie
canal of the urethra.
CYSTOPY'IC, Cystopy'ieus, (F.) CyHrnpi/iqiif,
from KvaTti, ' the bladder,' and thiov, • pus.' Re-
lating to suppuration of the blad<ler.
CYSTORRnAG"IA, Hamatu'ria cysfica. Hm-
morrhag" ia vcsi'ccB, Straiigu'ria criien'ta, Sati'-
guinia Jjuor vesi'ccB, from kuoti;, 'the bladder,'
and pay;;, 'rupture.' A discharge of blood from
the vessels of the urinary bladder.
CYSTORRIIEU'iMA, Cystirrhen'ma, Rhennw-
tis'mus vesi'cfp, uriua'rice ; from ifuoTif, 'the Mail-
der,' andptw^a, ' defluxion,' 'rheumatism.' Rheu-
matism of the bladder.'
CYSTORRHEX'IS, Cystidorrhe.r' is ; from icva-
Tif, ' bladder,' and 'pn^ts, ' rupture.' Rupture of
the urinary bladder.
CYSTORRHCEA, Cystirrhoea.
CYSTOSARCO'MA, from kvct,?, 'a bladder or
cyst.' and sarcoma. A tumour consisting of a
combination of cysts and cystoids, so called by
J. Muller.
CYSTOSOMATO.M'IA, Cystosomototnm'i'i.Cni-
tidoeomalotom'ia, from xvans, ' the bladder/ (rui/iU)
CYSTOSPASMUS
273
DACRYOCYSTIS
'body,' and To/tti, 'incision.' An incision into
the body of the bladder.
CYSTOSPASMUS, .see Cystospastic.
CYSTOSPAS'TIC, CyntoHpni'ticuH, from kvoth,
'the bladder,' and avau>, 'I contract.' Relating
to spasm of the bladder, and jjarticularly of its
sphincter; — Ci/ntidonpati'miis, SpasmnH Vcul'ccR,
Jichu'ria spanmod' tea, (F.) JSjJOHiite de la
CYSTOSPERMI'TIS, (F.) Cystospermife, from
Kvarif, 'bladder,' OTTcpjxa, 'sperm,' and itis, 'de-
noting intlainmation.' Inflammation of the vesi-
culne seminales.
CYSTOSTENOCHO'RIA, Cijstidostenocho'ria,
Strictu'id ieii'c(j>, Vexi'ca saccu'tn. A stricture,
narrowness, ineijuality or saccated condition of
the urinary bladder.
CYSTOTII ROM'BOID, Cijutothronihoi'desi, from
/cuffTis, 'the bhidder,'and Spojjitioi, 'a clot.' Relat-
ing to the presence of clots in tiie bladder.
GYSTOTOJ/E, Ci/ntot' om i(n, (rom kuo-tij, 'the
bladder,' and rtuvtiv, 'to cut.' An instrument
intended for cutting the bladder. Instruments
of this kind have been more frequently, although
very improperly, called LIthotomef.
CYSTOTOM'IA, Cijstidotom'ia, same etymon.
Incision of the bladder; Sectio vesica'lis. Ci/i-
tutomi'a means cutting into the bladder for any
purpose; (F.) Incision de In vessie. Commonly,
it is ai)|)lied to the puncturing of the bladder for
the purpose of removing tlie urine ; whilst Litlio-
timuj has been employed for the incisions made
with the view of extracting calculi from the
bladder. See Lithotomy.
CYSTOTRACIIELOTOMIA, Cystauchenoto-
mia. Sec Lithotomy.
CYSTOUS, Cystic.
CYSTOVA'KiUM, from Kvnnq, 'a cyst or
bladder;' and oafnov, 'ovarium.' A morbid con-
dition, which consists in the formation of cysts in
the ovary.
CYSfUiUTE, Cystitis.
CYT'INUS, O. Ifi/pneist'is, Iliipocist'is, At'nnim
IIijpociHt'is. Old. Cistineaj. A small parasitical
plant, which grows in the south of France and in
Greece, on the roots of the woody cistus. The
juice of its fruit is acid, and very astringent. It
is obtained by expression, and converted into nn
extract, which was called iSuccus Hypucin'tidis,
and was formerly much used in hemorrhages,
diarrhoea, <&c.
CYTISI'NA, Cytimne. An immediate vege-
table principle, discovered by Chevalier and
Lassaigne, in the seeds of Cytisiia Labiir'nnm or
Uenii-Tre/oil 7'ree. Ord. Leguminosa;. Se.r.
Syst. Diadelphia Decandria. Cytisine has ana-
logous properties to emetine. In the dose of one
or two grains, it produces vomiting and purging;
and, in a stronger dose, acts as an acrid poison.
The seeds of the Cytisns Laburuuui, (F.) AubourK,
have been long known to produce vomiting ami
purging.
CYTISMA ECZEMA, Eczema — c. Herpe.«,
Herpes.
CYTISO-GENISTA, Spartium sooparium.
CYTISUS LABURNUM, see Cytisina — e.
Scoparius, Spartium scoparium.
CYTl'TIS, Scyti'tis, Dcrmati'lis, Bermi'lix,
Cuti'tiH, Corii'tis, from kutij, ' the skin,' and
itis, 'denoting inflammation.' Inflammation of
the skin.
CY'TOBLAST, Cystoblnst, from Kvroi, 'cell.'
and fiXaaroi, 'germ.' Cell-(jerm, Nii'clens, (F.)
Nityuu. A (jrannle, from which all anim;il
and vegetable bodies are presumed to be
formed. When the nucleus or cytoblast forms a
cell, and is attached to its walls, the (jerminul
cell, thus formed, is called a nucleated cell.
When the nucleus contains a simple granule, the
latter is termed a nucleolus, (F.) Nuclcole, Nn-
clcohile.
CYTOBLASTE'MA; (F.) Cytoblasthne, same
etymon. Intercel'lular substance, Hy'aline siib-
»t<tnce, Suhstan'tia vit'rea sou hyal'itin, Matrijr,
The gum or mucus in tlie vegetable, and probably
the liquor sanguinis after transudation from thu
vessels in the animal, in a state fully prepared for
the formation of the tissues. — Schwann and
Schleiden. By many, Blastema is preferred, in-
asmuch as it does not convey the idea of cellular
development.
CYTOGENET'IC, Cytngenet'icus, (F.) Cyto;if.
netique, same etytnon as the ne.xt. Relating or
belonging to cell formation.
CYTO(i"ENY, Cylojoi'e-iis, from kvto;, 'cell.'
and yeveais, 'generation.' Cell formation, cell
genesis.
CYTTAROS, Glans.
D.
The figure of the Greek 4, according to Galen,
was the sign for quartan fever.
DABACH. Yiscum album.
DACNE'RON, iaKirji/ov, from ^ukvciv, 'to bite.'
An ancient na^ne for a coUyrium, composed of
o.xide of copper, pepper, cadmia, myrrh, saffron,
gum Arabic, and opium.
DACRY, Dac'ryma, Dac'ryon, Saxpv, Saxfiviia,
iuKpuov, ' a tear :' Hence :
D A C R Y A D E N A L'GIA, DacryoildenaVgin,
from iaK^,vo), ' I weep,' abriv, ' a gland,' and a\yoi,
'pain.' Disease or pain in the lachrymal gland.
DACRYADEXI'TIS, Daciyoiideni'tis ; from
^uicpuK, 'I weep,' a^nv, 'a gland,' and itis. In-
flaramntion of the lachrymal gland.
DACRYALLffiO'SIS^ from" iaKpv, 'a tear,' and
aXkoiwaii, ' change.' A morbid condition of the
tears.
18
DACRYDION, Convolvulus seammonia.
DACRYGELO'SIS, from (5a(cp«u), ' I weep,' and
ytAau), 'I laugh.' A kind of insanity, in which
the patient weeps and laughs at the same time.
DACRYH^EMOR'RHYSIS; San-jniu'eou^ La.
chryma'tion, from &nKpv, 'a tear,' and 'aijiopovaii,
'hemorrhage.' A flow of bloody tears.
DACRYXOMA, Epiphora.
DACRYOADENALGIA, Da.-ryaden.ilgia.
DACRYOADENITIS, Dacryadenitis.
DACRYOBLENXORRIHE'A, frcmi (5a«puu. 'I
weep,' I^Xivva, 'mucus,' and ptw, 'I flow.' Dis-
charge of tears mixed with mucus.
DACRYOCYSTAL'GIA, from ^aifpno). ' I weep.'
ituffTi?, ' a sac,' and uAyoy, ' pain.' Disease or pain
in the laehrvmal sac.
DACRYO'CYSTIS, Lachrymal sac.
DACRYOCYSTITIS
74
DAPHNE
\
DACRYOCYSTI'TIS, from iaxpuoi', 'a tear,'
and Kiiarti, ' bladder.' Inflammation of the lacb-
rjiiKil sac.
DACRYOCYSTOSYRINGOKATAKLEI'SIS;
from (Idcrijoci/Htis, the ' lachrymal sac,' avpty^, ' a
pipe, a fistula,' aud KaTaxXuais, ' a locking up.'
A term, proposed by Diefl'enbach for the healing
of lachrymal fistulre by transplantation. The
operation consists in paring the edges of the fis-
tula, loosening the borders, and assisting the re-
quisite tegumental displacement by lateral inci-
sions.
D.ACRYO'DES, Lacrymo'sus, from inKpvui, 'I
weep.' Resembling tears : — hence, Ulcus dacry-
o'dii. A sanioih; ulcer, a weeping sore.
DAC'RYOLITE, Bofryol'iiluw, Dac'ryoUth,
(F.) Doci-yulitlie, from iuKpvw, ' I weep,' and )^tdof,
' a stone.' A concretion found in the lachrymal
passages.
DACRYOLITHI'ASIS; same etymon as th«
last. The formation of concretions in the tears.
DACRYO'MA. Same etymon. The effusion
of tears, occasioned by an occlusion of the puncta
lacrymalia. — Vogel.
DACRYON, Tear.
DACRYOPCE'US, from ianpvu), '1 weep,' and
iroifw, ' I make.' A substance which excites the
secretion of tears, — as the onion, horse-radish,
yorlic, Ac.
DAC'RYOPS, from SaKpvoi, '1 weep,' and <i);|,
' the eye.' A weeping eye. A tumefaction of
the lacbrvnial passages.
DACRYOPYORRIKE'A, Pyorrhce'a via'riim
lacryinit'/ium, from iaKpv, 'a tear,' nvov, 'pus,'
and p£o), 'to flow.' A discharge of tears mixed
with inirnlont matter.
DACRYORRHffl'A, Dacryrrhce'a, Dacryor'-
1-ht/sis, Ddcryr'rhysis, from Saxpv, 'a tear,' and
oecu, "to flow.' A morbid flux of tears.
DACRYORRIIYSIS, Dacryorrhoea.
DACRYOSOLENI'TIS, from SaKpv, 'a tear,'
aoi^nf, ' a canal,' and itis, denoting inflammation.
Inflammation of the lachrymal ducts.
DACRYOSYRINX, Fistula lacrymalis.
DACRYRRHCEA, Dacryorrhoea.
DACRYRRIIYSTS, Dacryorrhoea.
DACTYLE'THRA, Dadyli'lhra, from lanrvlou
'a finger.' A name given by the ancients to dif-
ferent topical applications, having the form of a
finger, and proper for being introduced into the
throat to excite vomiting.
DACTYLETUS, Hermodactylus.
DACTYL'ION, Dactyl' inm, (F.) Doiyls ^ylmes,
Webhed Jinr/ers, from iiiKTvXos, ' a finger.' The
union of the fingers with each other. This af-
fection is generally congenital ; but it may be
owing to burns, ulcerations, inflammation of the
fingers, &c.
DACTYL'IOS, from 5«-cru>of, 'a finger.' A
troch or lozenge, when shaped like a finger. The
anus.
DACTYLITIS, Paronychia.
DAt'TYLIUS. from SnKTu\ioi, antmlus, 'a ring.'
D.vcTvi/ius Aciilra'tus. a worm of a light
colour, nnnulated, cylindrical, but tapering sligli tl y
towards both extremities, from two-fifths to four-
fifths of an inch long, which has been found in
the urine.
DACTVLODOCTIME, Dochme.
DAC'ITLOSYM'PIIYSIS, from iuKrvXo;. 'a
finger,' and o-u/^^uo-is, 'union.' Adhesion of the
fingers to each other.
DACTYLOTHE'KE, from SaKrvXog, 'a finger,'
and fii/t;;, 'a case or sheath.' An instrument for
keeping the fingers extended when wounded. —
Ambrose Pare.
DAC'TYLUS. D!g"iti,s, 'a finger.' The
smallest measure of the Greeks, the sixth part
of a foot. Also, the Date.
DiEDA'LEA SUAV'EOLENS, Boh'lus sen
Fiinijits Sill' ids, Jiolcliis disco'ideiis seu siuiveuteii),
Fiuiijiis (ilbiix sill ii/' liens, (F.) Ayitric oduriint, liuld
odoninl. Ord. Fungi. A champignon, which
grows on the trunks of old willows. It hiia a
smell of anise, which is penetrating and agree-
able; and" has been recommended in plitliLslg
pulmonalis in the dose of a scruple four times u
day.
b.EDALUS, Hydrargyrum.
DvEDION, liougie.
D.'EMONIACUS, Possessed.
D/EMONOMANIA, Demonomania.
D^S, Tada.
DAFFING, Insanity.
DAFFODIL, Narcissus pseudonarcissus.
DAFFY'S ELIXIR, Tinctura sennse compo-
sita.
DAFT, Insane.
DAG. Stitch.
DAISY, Chrysanthemum leucanthemnm, Eri-
geron Philadolphicum — d. Common, Bellis — d.
Ox-eye, Chrysanthemum Icucanthemum.
DALEY'S CARMIN'ATIVE. A celebrated
empirical remedy, much used as a canuinativo
for children. The following is a form for its pre-
paration : [Magiiesice alb.'^Vy, ol. wciitlne piper.
gtt. j ; ol. nitc. mosvhiit. gtt. iij ; oL aiiisi, gtt. iij ;
tinct. castor, gtt. xxx ; ti]ict. asafa'.lid. gtt. xv;
tinct. o])ii, gtt. v; sp. pnleijii, gtt. xv ; liiict. mr-
dam. c. gtt. xxx; uqncB mentha pip. ,^ij. M.)
A Committee of the Philadelphia College of
Pharmacy recommend the following form : —
{Aqua:, Ox; Sacchar. alb. ^^xxxij; Ciirhmi. I'o-
tnss. ^ss; C'((rb. 3Iiig. ^x\y, Tinct. Opii. f^vj;
01. menlh. pip., 01. Anethi Fcenicid. aa fQij. Al.)
DALCOP, Idiot.
DALTO'NIAN. An absurd name given to
one who cannot distinguish colours; because the
celebrated chemist Dalton had the defect. See
Achromatopsia.
I>A ETON ISM, Achromatopsia.
DAMSON, Prunum Damascenura — d. Moun-
tain, Quassia simarouba — d. Tree, Prunus do-
mestica.
DANCE, see Mania, dancing — d. St. John's,
see Mania, dancing — d. St. Vitus's, Chorea, sec
Mania, dancing.
DA^QmG,' Salta'tio, (¥.) Dame. A kind of
exercise and amusement, composed of a succes-
sion of motions, gestures, and attitudes, executed
by measured steps to the sound of tlie voice or
musical instrument. It is a healthy excrci,-e.
Dancing Mania, see Mania, dancing — d.
Plague, see Mania, dancing.
DANDELION, Leontodon taraxacum.
DANDRIFF, Pityriasis.
DANDRUFF, Pityriasis.
DANDY, Dengue.
DANEVERT, MINERAL WATERS OF. A
spring, a league and a half from Upsal, in Swe-
den. The waters contain carbonic acid, holding
in solution carbrmate of iron, sulphate of iron,
sulphates of soda and lime, chloride of soiiium,
and silica. It is fre(iuently employed in medicine.
DANEWORT, Sambucus ebulus.
DANICII; an Arabic word, signifying the
weight of 8 grains.
DANIEL'LIA TIIURTF'ERA. The Fraid-ix-
cenie Tree of Western Africa, which furnishes the
product termed African Frankincense.
DAXSE, Dancing— t;. de St. Guy, Chorea-c/.
de St. Witt, Chorea.
DAOUNSETAN, see Urtica.
DAPHNE, Laurus.
Daphnb Am'i'na, Chnmfple'a, ClmnKr^a'n,
Widow wail. Ord. Thyinelaeas. Ses. Si/nt.
Octandria Monogynia. A .sort of dwarf-oliw.
An acrid, volatile, alkaline principle has been
DAriIXE BOISGENTIL
D.UYLISII, CLIMATE OF
pcparated from the bnrk of tliis plant by M.
Viiuiiuclin, to which he has given the name
Jjiiphniiie. The plants of the }?cnu8 owe their
vesicating property to this principle.
DAPHNE liOISaENTIL, Daphne mezereum
— d. Fiax-leavL-d, Daphne gnidium — d. Garuu,
Daphne gnidium.
Daimink Gxin'iUM, D. paniculn'ta, Tliymelce'a,
'I'll. Mdimpeliacd, Thymele'a, Cneo'ron, Spurge
FIttx, Finx-leaced Uuphiie. The plant which
furnishes the Garon Hark, (F.) Diiphne Garoit,
Siiiiibiii'). It is chiefly used, when used at all,
for exiiling irritation of the skin. The Grauu
(iiild'id, (see Cnid'ia grand,) are acrid poisons,
like all the plants of this genus, when taken in
quantity. According to others, the garou bark
and grana gnidia are obtained from the daphne
Idiireola.
DAl'ltNB Laiireola, D. major, Thymelm'a lau-
rr.'dlit. The systematic name of the Spurge Laurel,
Lnureola. The bark of this plant has similar
properties to the last.
Daphne Liottaudi, D. laureola — d. Major, D,
laureoln.
Daphne Mrze'ueum, 73. Liottar'di, Thymelm'a
meze'rruiii. The systematic name of the Meze'-
rcon, Mezereum, Spurge olire, (F.) Daphne Bois-
geiitil. The bark of the mezereon, Meze'reum,
))MSsesses analogous properties to the other va-
rieties of Daphne. It is considered stimulant and
diaphoretic; and, in large doses, is emetic. It
has l)een employed in syphilitic eases, but its
effiiiacy is doubtful. Soaked in vinegar, — meze'-
reum aertd'tum, like the other varieties of daphne,
it lias been employed to irritate the skin, espe-
ciiilly to keep issues open.
Daphne Paniculata. D. Gnidium.
DAI'IINEL/E'ON, O'leum Lauri'num, from
hi<pvri< 'the laurel or bay tree,' and iXaiov, 'oil.'
Oil of n<„,.
DAPIINIXE, see Daphne Alpina.
DARNEL, Lolium temulentum.
DAl'SEXr, Laurus cinnamomum.
DARSINI, Liiurus cinnamomum.
DARSIS, from hz^ta, 'I excoriate,' 'I skin.'
The Greek physicians seemed to have used this
word to designate the anatomical preparation,
whieh consists in removing the skin for exposing
the organs covered by it.
DARTA, Impetigo — d. Excoriativa, Herpes
cxedens — d. Maligna, Herpes exedens.
DARTOS. Same derivation : Memhra'nn ear-
un'na, Tu'niea museula'n'ii sen ruhicun'da scroti,
T. dartoa, Marsu'pi'um iininculo'futn ; from iJuprof,
'skinned.' A name given to the second covering
(if the testicle, which the anci(Mit anatomists con-
ceived to be muscular, but which is irierely areo-
lar. Its external surface is towards the scrotum;
the internal towards the tunica vaginalis. Fre-
dfrick Lobstein and Breschet consider, that it
proceeds from an expansion of the fibrous cord,
known liy the name (ruhernaculum Tentiii.
DARTRE. Herpes, Impetigo, Pitj'riasis — d.
Crustaefe, Ecthyma impetigo — d. CrustacSe fla-
re»ceuie, Porrigo lupinosa — d. Crodttuse, Impetigo
— d. Ecnilleune, Psoriasis — d. Fongueuxe, Ecthy-
ma— d. Furfuracee arrondie. Lepra, Lepra vul-
garis— d. FurfuraeSe ralante, Lichen, Pityriasis
— '/. Phlijctfuiiide, lUcrpes phlycta^noiiles — d.
Piiitideuse eouprrone, (rutfa rosea — d. Pustuleuse
diKHhiiiiife, Acne — d. Puntuleuse meutagra. Syco-
sis— d. Riingiaiite, Herpes exedens: see Esthio-
nienns — d. Sf/uaMweiiKe humide. Eczema — d.
SpinmmeuHe liehrno'ule, Psoriasis — d. Vive, Ec-
zema.
PARTREUX (F.), Herpet'ic. Participating
1" iho characters of Dartre or Herpen. Also, one
iflected nith dartre. Dartre has been used, at
one time or other, for almost every disease of the
skin. See Herpes.
DAS'Y.^IA, from Baavs, 'rough,' 'hairj'.' A
disease of the eye — the same as trachoma, but
less in degree. — Aetius, Gorraius.
DAS'YTES. Same etymon. Roughness, par-
ticularly of the tongue and voice. Hairiness,
Hirsii'ties.
DATE, Pal'mula, Dnc'tylus, Bal'anos, Phn-'iii-
coa, the fruit of the Phuenijc dactylif'era seu ex-
eel' sa, Pal ma dnctylifera, (F.) Datte. The un-
ripe date is astringent. AVlien ripe, it resembles
the fig. The juice of the tree is refrigerant.
DATE PLUM, INDIAN, Diospyrus lotus.
DATTE, Date.
DATURA, D. Stramonium.
Datd'ha Saxgiiin'ea, Pied Thorn Apple; called
by the Indians of Peru Hu<teueaehu, Yerba de
Huaca [huaea, a grave) or Grace-plant, and Jio-
vachevo. Ord. Solanaceae. A plant from which
the Peruvian Indians prepare a narcotic driuk
called Tonga.
Datu'hA Stramo'nium, Stramo'nia, Barycov'-
calon, Sola'num /w'tidum, Stramo'nium, S. inajua
album seu «pino'eum seu vutga'tnm seu fte'tiduin,
Pomum seu Malum sjjino'iium, A^ux methel, Dalu'-
ra, Dutro'a, Daty'ra, Thorn Apple, Apip'e of
Peru. Jamentoinn Weed, Jimston or Jimpson Weed,
Stinkieeed, (F.) Strnmoine, Ponime epineune, En-
dormie, Herbe avx sorciers ou de diable. The
leaves, Stramo'nii Fo'lia, the seeds, Siramo'uii
Semen, and the root, Stramo'nii Jladix, are tho
parts used in medicine. They are narcotic and
poisonous; are given interniiUy as narcotics and
antispasmodics; and a]iplied externally as seda-
tives, in the form of fomentation. The seeds are
smoked like tobacco, in asthma. The dose of the
powder is. gr. j to gr. viii.
DA'TURIN'E, Daturi'na, Dafu'ria, Datu'rium.
The active principle of the Datura Stramonium,
separated by J'randcs, a (Jcrinan chemist. It has
not been rendered available in medicine.
DATURIUM, Daturine.
DATYRA, Datura stramonium.
DAUCI RADIX, see Daucus Carota.
DAUCI'TES VINUM. Wine, of whieh the
Daucus or Wild Carrot was an ingredient. The
seeds were steeped in must. It was formerly used
in coughs, convulsions, hypochondriasis, diseases
of the uterus, &e.
DAUCUS CANDIANUS, Athamantacretensis.
Daucus Caro'ta. The systematic name of
the Carrot Plant ; Daucus, D. sylres'tris seu vid-
ga'ris seu sati'rus, Cauca'lis caro'ta, Pastina'cii
sylrestris tenuifo'lia officina'rum. Ado' rion ; Or-
der, Umbelliferaj. (Sc.) Mceran, Mirrot, (F.)
Carotte ; Ord. Umbellifera;. The fruit, Carota,
— (Ph. U.S.) — and the root, Douci radix, have
been used in medicine. The root is sweet and
mucilaginous ; and the seeds have an aromatic
odour, and moderately warm, pungent taste. The
root has been used, as an emollient, to fetid and
ill-conditioned sores. The seeds have been re-
garded as stomachic, carminative, and diuretic;
but they have little efficacy. The seeds nf tie
wild plant are, by some, preferred to those of the
garden,
Daitcits CRETicrs, Athamanta cretensis — <\.
Cyanopus, Pimpinella magna — d. Sativus, 1).
carota — d. Seprinius, Scnndix cerefi>liiiiM — d.
Svlvestris. D. carota — d. Vulgaris, D. carota.
' DAVPHIXEIJ.F. Deli-hitiium stai.hi.-a-ria.
DAVIDSON'S REMEDY FOR CANCER, see
Conium niaculatuni.
DAVIEPx. Dentasrra.
DAWLISII, CLIMATE OF. A town in De-
vonshire, fre()uented by phthisical invalids diiiiiig
the winter. It is well protected from nortlnrlj'
winds, and also from the violence of the soutU-
DAW PIT
276
DECANTATION
■westerly gales. It offers, however, but a con-
finefl ppnce.
DAW PIT, see Fatuitas.
DAX, MINERAL WATERS OF. Dax is a
city two Iciigiies from Bordeaux, where there are
four springs, that are almost purely thermal;
contaiiiinj; only a very small quantity of chloride
of m:ignc.<iuin. and sulphate of soda and lime.
Tempfratiue 7C° to 133° Fahrenheit.
DAY BLINDNESS, Nyctalopia.
DAYMARR, Incubus vigilantiura.
DAYNETTLE, Laniium album.
DAYSIUHT, Ilemeralopia — d. Vision, Heme-
ralopi.i.
DAZZLING, Cai;rjn'tw, (F.) Ehlouhxement.
A raomeuiary disturbance of sight, occasioned
either by the sudden impression of too powerful
a light, or by some internal cause; as plethora.
DE VENTRE INSPICIENDO, 'of inspect-
ing the belly.' Where there is reason to suppose
that a woman feigns herself pregnant, a writ de
ventre inspiciendo may be issued to determine
whether she be so or not. Until recently, in
England, the decision was left to twelve matrons
and twelve respectable men, according to the
strict terms of the ancient writ.
DEAD, (Siix.) tteat>, Mor'tuus, (F.) Mort.
Deprived of life, exanimate.
DEADHOUSE, Morcj.ie.
DEADLY, Lethiferous, Mortal.
DEADMEN'S EELLS, Digitalis.
DEADNETTLE, Lamium album.
DEAF: same etymon as Deafness. Siirdiift,
(F.) Soiird, (Sc.) V'aU. Devoid of hearing. Hard
of hearing.
DEAF-DUMBNESS, Mutitas surdornm.
DEAFNESS, (Sax. fteap,) Siu-'dltns, Coph»'-
ais, JJij>ieciji'it, Di/Kccai'a organ' ica, liiiryeciii'a,
HardneHH »f hearintj, Htipocnpho'nla, Siil/siir'd>tii,i,
Jiradycoi'a, liradi/ecoi'n, (F.) Snrdite, Durete de
I'onie, VyDecce. Considerable diminution or total
loss of hearing. It may be the effect of acute or
chronic inflammation of the internal ear, ])aralysis
of the auditory nerve or its pulpy extremity, or
of some mechanical obstruction to the sonorous
raj's. In most cases, however, the cause of the
deafness is not ajipreciable, and the treatment
has to be purely empirical. Syringing the ears,
dropping in slightly stimulating oils, fumigations,
&c., are tlie most likely means to afford relief.
Deafnrss, Taylor's Rkmedy for, see Allium.
DEALEATIO. De,ilhat!,>n, Paleness.
DEALDATION (F.), Dealba'tio, Bleach'inr/.
Applied, particularly, to the whitening of bones
for anatomical purposes.
DEAMBULATIO, Walking.
DEARCH, Nanus.
DEARTICULATIO, Diarthrosis.
DEASCIATIO, Aposceparnismus.
DEATH, (Sax. ■oeaS,) (Sc.) Bedf, Deid ; Apo-
lio'iis, Abi'o'His, Ej-tinc'tio, Ob'itns. Psychorac/")a,
Esr/chnrrhai/"ia, Le'thum, Letum, Mure, Inter'itna,
Than' ntos, Decease, (F.) Movt. Definitive cessation
of all 1he functions, the aggregate of which consti-
tute life. Real Death, Apothana'aia, is distin-
guished from asphyxia or apparent death — the lat-
ter being merely a suspension of those same func-
tions. But it is often difficult to judge of such sus-
pension, and the only certain sign of real death is
the commencement of putrefaction. At times,
therefore, great caution is requisite to avoid mis-
takes. Death is commonly preceded by some
distressing symptoms, which depend on lesion of
respiration, circulation, or of the cerebral func-
tions, and which constitute the arjony. That which
occurs suddenly, and without any, or with few,
precursory signs, is called sudden death. It is
ordinarily caused by disease of the heart, apo-
plexy, the rupture of an aneurism, or by some
other organic affection. Death is natural, (So.)
StrHe-deuth,\\\\cv\ it occurs as the result of disease :
violent, wlien produced by some forcible agency.
It may likewise afl'ci^t the whole body, or a pin t
only; hence the difference between sowki/i'c and
molecular death.
The chief varieties of the modes of death ui;iy
be thus given :
( Suddenly— Svn-
Death beginning at the heart, i cope: Gradual—
( Asthcniii.
" " in the lungs — Asphyxia,
" " in the brain — Apoplexy.
in the gray ( Paralysis of
" " matterof the •! puuumogastrics,
medulla, [^ &c.
" " in the blood [?] — necra;mia.
As it was at one time conceived, with Bicliat,
that death must commence in the heart, luiifrs,
or brain, these organs were called u'triu murtin,
' the halls of death.'
Dkath, Apparknt, Asphyxia.
Death, Black. Pestia viyra, Black Phigtie,
(F.) Pcste noire. The plague of the 14th ceiitHiy
was so called, which is supposed to have iiroved
fatal in Europe to 25,000,0(10 of people.— llei-ker.
Death of Man, Cicula maculata — d. Stiffen-
ing, Rigor mortis.
DEBILIS, Infirm.
DEBIL'ITANTS, Dehilitan'tla, Antldi/nnm'.
ica, Philadijnain'ica, from dehilitare, itself from
debilis, quasi dehabilia, 'weak,' 'to weaken.'
Remedies exhibited for the purpose of reducing
excitement. Antiphlogistics are, hence, debili-
tants.
DEBILITAS, Debility— d. Erethisica, see Irri-
table — d. Nervosa, Neurasthenia, see IrritaLle
— d. Visus, Asthenopia.
DEBIL'ITY, Dehil'ltaa, Astheni'a, Hijposlhe-
ni'a, lilaci'a, Anenerge'aia, Anenerf/i'a, Weid,-
neaa, (F.) Faihlesae. A condition, which may lie
induced b.y a number of causes. It must nut l.e
confounded with fatigue, which is temporar.v,
whilst debility is generall.y more permniient.
Debility may be real, or it may be appitrmi ;
and, in the management of disease, it is iiiiportinit
to attend to this. At the commencement of fever,
for example, there is often a degree of apjiiirent
debility, which prevents the use of approjirinte
means, and is the cause of much evil. Excite-
ment is more dangerous than debility.
DEBOITEMIiNr, Luxation.
BEBORDEMENT (F.), from dchorder (ik
and border), ' to overflow.' A po])ular term I'nr
one or more sudden and copious evacuations from
the bowels. It is chiefly a])plied to bilious eva-
cuations of this kind — Dcbordcment de Bile.
DEnniDEMENT (F.), FrcBno'rnm nnhi'tin,
from (F.) debrider {de and brider), 'to unbriiih'.'
The removal of filaments, &c., in a wound or
abscess, which prevent the discharge of pus. In
a m()re general acceptation, it means the eutling
of a soft, membranous, or aponeurotic part, which
interferes with the exercise of any organ what-
ever; thus, in paraphimosis, debrideim-ut of the
prepuce is practised to put an end to the inflam-
mation of the glans : in strangulated hernia, <lt-
hridenient of the abdominal ring is had reeourte
to, to remove the stricture of the intestine, Ac.
DECAGRAMME, from hxa, 'ten,' and yfam<
' a gramme.' The weight of ten grammes, 154.34
grains Troy.
DECAM'YRON, from Scko, 'ten.' and pP"'.
'ointment.' An ancient cataplasm, composed of
malahathrum, viaatiih, eupdiorbium, Hj/lkenaid,
ati/rax calaniita, carbonate of lime, common ptp-
per, unguentnm nnrdi, opobalaanmrn, and rcat-
DECANTA'TION, Becanta'tio, De/u'aio, Uc-
DEC.VriTATIO ARTICULORUM 277
DECOCTION
tnvgiHin'on, C'lliich'i/vis. A pliarinaceutical ope-
ratiiiii, wbich consists in pourin;^ off, <;ontly, by
inclining; the vessel, any fluid which has left a
deposit.
DECAPITATIO ARTICULORUM, see Resec-
tion.
DKCAPITATrON, Decollation.
DKCARBONIZATION, llieinatosis.
DECEASE, Death.
DKCESSIO, Ecpiesma.
DEC/fA RXK, Demusculatus.
DKCIIM'EIJ.EMENT. An old French terra,
employed l)y Pare and others for the operation
of cuttinfj and removing, with a stronj; forceps,
the corona of a carious tooth, where it is desired
to pri'serve the fanj^.
DEC!fAUSSE.UL\YT (¥.), {de and chanwr.)
Tlie state in which the gums liave fallen away
fniia the teeth, as in those affected by mercury,
in old persons, Ac. Also, the operation of lauc-
iii;: the gums. See Gum lancet.
DSCIIAUaSOnt, Gum lancet,
VECIIIREMEXT, Laceration.
DKClIlltURE, Wound, lacerated— rf. de UUte-
riit. Uterus, rupture of the.
DECIDKXTrA, Cataptosis, Epilepsy.
DKCIDUA, Decidua uiembrana.
Dkcid'ua Meombra'xa, Dfcid'un, Deci'd'nous
Membrane, from decidere, ' to fall off,' (de and
iitdere.) So called on account of its being consi-
dereil to be discharged from the uterus at partu-
rition. A membrane, formerly defined to be the
outermost membrane of the ffetus in utero ; and
still so defined by some — as by Dr. Lee. Chaus-
tier calls it Epiclio'rlon : by others, it has been
called Me.mUni' na cadu'ca Hiiiiteri, 3f. floeculeu'-
t(i seu celliilo'id sea ginuo'xn seu rommii'nis sen
prOiexiii'teHH, Decidua ejcterna seu iipoiif/io'sa, Tii'-
uicui exterior ovi seu cadu'ca seu crasna, 3Iem-
hrn'iia cribro'sa seu ovi mater'ua seu miico'sa seu
xi'leri iiilerit'a ev(dn'ta, Epiu'iie, Placen'ta uteri
siicceiituria'tKn, Snbjdncen'ta, Nidamcn'tum, An-
liin'tous membrane, (F.) Cadi«jne, C. vraie. Mem-
brane cadiiqiie, A'pioiie, Periaue ; — prior to the
time of the Hunters, called Cho'rion npoiif/io'sum
sou lometilii'num sou fnii(jo'num sou reticida'tttm,
&<:., Til' iiica jUa mento' sa, Sliagi/i/ Chorion, S!pi>nr/i/
Cliorion, Ac. Great diversity has prevailed re-
garding this membrane and its reflected portion.
It exists before the germ arrives in the uterus —
as it has been met with in tubal and ovarial preg-
nancies; and is occasioned by a. new action, as-
sumed by the uterine vessels at the moment of
C'lnception. Chaussier, Lobstein, Gardien, Vel-
peau, and others, consider it to be a sao, without
fportures, completely lining the uterus, and that
when the ovum descends thnuigh the tube, it
p ishes the decidua before it, «nd becomes enve-
loped in it, except at the part destined to form
tlie placenta. That portion of the membrane
which Covers the ovum, forms the Membra'na
diviil'iia rejtcx'a, (F.) Cadiiqne rf/IMiie, Mem-
brane cadiapie rfjiffliie, according to them — the
l>art lining the uterus being the Decidua Uteri,
(F.) Caduijue uterine. Towards the end of the
f'urth mcuith, the decidua reflexa disappears. The
very existence of a Tunica decidua rejlcxa has,
however, been denied. This last membrane has
received various names. Dr. Granville, regard-
ing if as the external membrane of the ovum, has
termed it Cortex ovi. It has also been termed
Inrolu'crum membrana'c<'Hm, Membra'na reti-
Jiirm'iit cho'rii seu filamrnto'na seu adrentit"ia
feu eruMsa, Ornliue and Decid'ua protrn'sa. To
the membrane which, according to Bojanus and
others, is situate between the placenta and the
uterus, and which he considers to be produced
at a later period than the decidua vera, he gav
the name membra'na decid'ua scro'tina.
Histological researches seem to show, that the
decidua is an altered condition of the lining
metnbrane of the uterus, with a whitish secretion
filling the uterine tubular glands. The decidua
reflexa is probably formed by the agency of nu-
cleated cells from the plastic materials thrown out
from the decidua uteri; in the same manner as
the chorion is formed in the Fallopian Tube from
plastic materials thrown out from its lining mem-
brane. That the decidua reflexa is not a mere
inverted portion of the decidua uteri is shown
by the fact, that the texture of the two is by no
means identical.
DEriDUA PiioTnrsA. Decidua reflexa.
DECIDUOUS MEMBRANE, Decidua (mem-
brana).
DECIGRAMME, Decigram'mn, from decimus,
'the tenth part,' and ypajxna, 'gramme.' The
tenth part of the gramme in weight; equal to a
little loss than two grains, French ; 1.548 Troj-.
DECEMA'NA FEBRIS, from decem, 'ten.'
An intermittent, whose paroxysms return every
10th day or every 9 days. It is supposititious.
DECLAMA'TION, Dedama'tio, from de, and
clamure, clamatum, 'to cry out.' The art of de-
picting the sentitnents by inflections of the voice,
accompanied with gestures, which render the
meaning of the speaker more evident, and infuse
into the minds of the auditors the emotions with
which he is impressed. Declamation may become
the cause of disease : the modification, produced
in the pulmonary circulation, — accompanied by
the great excitement, sometimes experienced, — is
the cause of many morbid afl'ections; particularly
of pneumonia, haemoptysis, and apoplexy. In
moderation, it gives a healthy excitement to the
frame.
DECLTN, Decline.
DECLINATIO, Decline.
DECLINE, Declina'tin, Inclina'tin, Becre-
men'tum, Itemin'aio, Parac'me, Parac' manis, (F.)
Declin, from de, and clinare, 'to bend.' That
period of a disorder or paroxysm, at which the
symptoms begin to abate in violence. We speak,
also, of the decline of life, or of the powers, (F.)
Declin de I'affe, L'aye de declin, when the phy-
sical and moral faculties lose a little of their ac-
tivity and energy. See Phthisis, and Tabes.
DECLIVE. (F.) Becli'vii, from de, • from,' and
cliruK, 'acclivity.' Inclining downwards. This
epithet is applied to the most depending part of a
tumour or abscess.
DECOCTE, Decoction.
DECOCTION, Decuc'tio, from decoquere, 'to
boil,' ((/e and coquere, ci/ctum.) Epse'sis, Apoz'esin,
Zeitia, Ifepne'sis. Aphepnis, (F.) Decoction. The
operation of boiling certain ingredients in a fluid,
for the i)urposo of extracting the parts soluble at
that temperature. Decoction, likewise, means
the product of this operation, to which the terms
Dccoctum, Zcma, Aphepie'ina, Ap'ozem, Apoz'ema,
Hepse'nia. CIii/Iuk and Epuc'nia, (F.) Decocte, Hy-
drole, Hiidndite, have been apjjlied according to
ancient custom, in order to avoid any confusion
between the operation and its product; — as pircB-
paratio is used for the act of preparing; prcspa-
ratum. for the thing prepared.
Decoction of Aloes, Compound, Decoctum
aloes compositum — d. of Bark, Decoctum Cin-
chonae — d. of Bark, pale, see Decoctum CinchouiB
— d. of Bark, red, see Decoctum Cinchonie — d.
of Bark, yellow, see Decoctum Cinchon* — d. of
Barley, Decoctum hordei — d. of Barle_v, com-
pound, Decoctum hordei compositum — d. Bitter,
Decoctum nraarum — d. of Broom, Decoctum sco-
parii — d. of Broom, compound, Decoctum sco-
DECOCTUM
278
DECOCTUM
parii compositura — d. of Cabbnge tree bark, Dc-
coctuni geoftViViip inermis — d. of Cassia, Decoctuin
cassias — d. of Chamomile, Decoctum anthemidis
nohilis — d. of Cinchona, Decoctum Cinchonae — d.
of Cinchona, compound laxative, Decoctum kinie
kinre eomposituin et laxans — d. of Colomba, com-
p>und, Decoctum Colombae compositum — d. of
Dandelion, Decoctum Taraxaci — d. of Dogwood,
Decoctum Cornds Floridae — d. of Elm bark, De-
coctum ulmi — d. of Flaxseed, compound, Decoc-
tum Liiii cumpositum — d. of Foxglove, Decoctum
digitalis — (/. (Je G<n/nc coniposee, Ac, Decoctum
de Guyaco compositum — d. of Guaiacum, com-
jiound, DcCv^ctum Guaiaci compositum — d. of
(luaiacum, compound purgative, Decoctum de
(luaynco compositum — d. of Hartshorn, burnt,
Mistura cornu usti — d. of Hellebore, white, De-
coctum veratri — d. of Iceland moss, Decoctum
cetrariae — d. of Logwood, Decoctum haematoxyli
— d. of Marshmallows, Decoctum altha>;e — d. de
Mauve C(iiiij)o«ee, Decoctum malviC ccinpositum —
d. of Oak bark, Decoctum querciis — d. d'Orr/e,
Decoctum hordei — d. d'Orr/e coiiiponee, Decoctum
liordei coinpositiini — d. of Pareira Brava, Decoc-
tum Pareira; — d. of Pipsissewa, Decpctum chi-
nia)ihilao — d. of Poppy, Decoctum papaveris — d.
of Quince seeds, Decoctum cydoniae — d. de Qiiiu-
qiiiiia fDinpoxee et /cj-iilit'e, Decoctum kinjB kinje
compositum et iaxans — d. de Sdhepnreille coin-
poHee, Decocturu sarsaparillae compositum — d. of
Sarsaparilla, Decoctum sarsa.parillse — d. of Sar-
saparilla, compound, Decoctuin sarsaparillae com-
positum—d. of Sarsaparilla, false, Decoctum ara-
lii« nudicaulis — d. of Si(uill, Decoctum scillie — d.
of Tornientil, Decoctum Tormentillaj — d. of Uva
ursi, Decoctum uvae ursi — d. of the AVoods, De-
coctum (Juaiaci compositum — d. of Woody night-
shade, Decoctum dulcamaraj- — -d. of Zittmann,
Decoctum Zittmanni.
DECOCTUM, Decoction — d. Album, Mistura
cornu usti.
Decootum Ai/oi^s Compos'itum, Decnctnm
Aloes, B'lhiim of Life, Compniind Decoction of
Aloes. (Ext. ;/lijc. ,^vij, potiiHS. enib. ^}, aloes,
vii/rrhcB contrit. : croci aa ^'iss^, aqiite Diss (Imp.
mens.). Boil to Oj : strain, and add tiiict. card,
c. ^vij. Phann. L.) The gum and extractive are
dissolved in this preparation. The alkali is added
to take up a little of the resin. The tincture pre-
vents it from spoiling. It is gently cathartic.
Dose, f3ss to ^ij.
Decoctum Alto-k'te, 3f!sfura AIiTkb'cb, D.
(ihho'.a; offichiii'lis : Decoction or Jfixtiire of
j\lin-nh-}n<illotos, (F.) Decoction de Giiiinauce.
(Had. (dthacB sice. §iv. uvar. passar. ^ij, aqiia;,
Ovij. Boil to Ov. Pour off the clear liquor.
P/iiirm. E.) It is used as a demulcent.
Decoctum Ama'rum ; Bitter Decoction. {Rnd.
gent. 2j. aqnoB Oijss. Boil for a quarter of an
hour ; aild species aninrcB 3'j- Infuse for two
hours and filter, without exjiressing. Pharm. P.)
It is tonic. Dose, f^ss to ^^ij.
Decoctum Amyli, Mucilago amyli.
Decoctum Anthem'idis Nob'ilis, D. Chanice-
me'li ; Decoction of Cham'omile. (Flor. anthe-
mid. nobil. ,^j, sein. carul ,^iv, aqua Ov. Boil
for fifteen minutes and strain. Pharm. E.) It
contains bitter extractive and essential oil, dis-
solved in water. It is used, occasionally, as a
vehicle for tonic powders, pills, &c., and in fo-
mentations and glysters ; but for the last pur-
pose, warm water is equally efEcacious. The
Duhlin college has a compound decoction.
Decoctum Aua'li^ Nudicau'lis ; Decoction
of False Sitrsnparill'n. (Aralia nudieaul. ^vj,
aqum Oviij. Digest for four hours, and *ben boil
to fiiur pints : press out and strain the uecoction.
Former Ph. U. <S'.) It is u.sGd as a stomachic^
but it .s an unnecessary and laborious prepa-
ration.
Decoctum Cas'si^; Decoction of Cassia. [Cm-
si(B pulp. ^\), oqutr. Oij. Boil for a few niiniiles,
filter without expression, and add sijrnp. vinlar.
3J, or mnn)i(E pur. ^\}. Pharm. ]'.) It is lax-
ative, in the dose of ^vj.
Decoctum Cetha'ui-k, Decoctum Liche'nis U.
land'ici. Decoction of Iciland Moss. (Cetrar. Sjis,
aqua Oiss. Boil to a pint, and strain with cdhi.
pression. Ph. U. S.) It consists of hitter ex-
tractive and fecula, dissolved in water, iiiid 'm
operation is tonic and demulcent. Dose, f ;j to
^^iv. It is also nutrient, but hardly worthy of
the rank of an officinal preparation.
Decoctum ChaMjEMELI, Decoctum aiithciuidij
nobilis.
DecOCTITM CiiimAPh'iL^, Decoction of PI pnin'.
sewa. {Chlmaph. contus. 3J, iiqua: Oiss. Boil to
a pint, and strain. Pharm. U. S.) A pint ni;iy
be given in the course of the twenty-four iioiir.-i.
Decoctum Cixcho'n/e, D. Cor'ticis Oiueliiina;
seu KiufB KincE, Decoction of Vinchoiin or of
Bark. [Cinchon. cort. contus. ^j, aqua- Oj. lioil
for ten minutes, in a slightlj'-covered vessel, ami
strain while hot. It contains qninia and resinous
extractive, dissolved in water. Long coction oxy-
genates and precipitates the extractive. It i-.in
be given, where the powder does not sit easy,
<fcc. Dose, f^j to ,^iv.
The Pharmacopoeia of the United States has a
Decoctum Cinchona; Jiarm, Decoction of ycilnw
bark, and a Decoctum Cinchona ruhrm, DecM-tinn
of red bark, both of which are prepared as iilnive.
The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Colleges
have a Decoctum Cinchona i^allida, Decoction of
Pale Bark.
Decoctum CoLOM'ByE Compos'itum; Compound
Decoction of Colomba. (Culomb. contus., qunssia:,
aa ,^ij, cort. aurant, Zj, rhej pulv. ^j, pntiiKua
carbonat. ^as, aqua ^xx. Boil to a pint, nnil
add tinct. lanand. f^ss. Former Ph. U. <V.)
Given as a tonic, but not worthy an officinal
station.
Deco(;tum Commune pho Ci-YSTEnE, D. ninlva;
compositum — d. Cornu cervini, Mistura cornu
usti.
Decoctum CohnOs Flor'id^, Decoctian cf
Doffwood. {Cornds Florid, cont. ^j, arpias Oj.
Boil for ten minutes in a covered vessel, aiid
strain while hot. Pharm. U. S.) Dose, f Jiss.
Decoctum Cydo'ni>e, Mucila'ijo Sem'inis Ci/-
do' nil Mali sen Sem'inum Ci/doniu'rum ; Decor
tion or Mu'cilaf/e of Quince seeds. [Cijdnnid
sem. ^ij, (iqna; Oj. Boil for ten minutes over a
gentle fire, and strain. Pharm. L.) It is merely
a solution of mucilage in water, and is used as a
demulcent.
Decoctum Daphnes Meze'rei, Decoctum ih--
ze'rei, Decoction of Meze'reon. (Mezerei, |5'ji
c/lt/ct/rrh. cont. 5J, aqua Oij. Boil over a gentle
fire to Oiss, and strain. Ph. E.) The acrimony
of the mezereon and the saccharine mucilage of
the liquorice root are imparted to the water. It
is somewhat stimulant, and has been used in
secondary syphilis; but is devoid of power.
Dose, f,^iij to ^vj.
Decoctum DiAPHonETicuM, D. Guaiaci compo-
situm— d. pro Enemate, D. malvao compositum.
Decoctum Digita'lis, Decoction of For-f/lor"-
(Fol. diijit. sice. 3J, aqua q. s. ut colentur f^viij.
Let the liquor begin to boil over a slow fire, anJ
then remove it. Digest for fifteen minutes, ami
strain. Pharm. D.) It possesses the properties
of the plant. Dose, f^ij to giij.
Decoctum Dui.cama'r>e, Decoction of Wnndy
Ni(/htshade. (Dulcamara cont. ^j, aqua Oli-s.
Boil to Oj, and strain. Pharm. U. S.) This ile-
coction has been considered diuretic ^nd diapho-
DECOCTUM
270
DECOCTUM
retic, and has been administered extensively in
skin (ii.^eascs. It is probably devoid of cflSciicy.
DiocncriiM piio Fomicnto, D. papaveris.
DKi.orTiiM (iKOFFti.t;'^; Ineum'is; Decnrjion
of (Jitliliniji-TreK Hark. (Curt, yeojfr. iiiennii, in
pulv. _^j, At/ii(B Oij. Boil over a slow fire to a
pint, and strain. I'hiirm. E.) It is possessed of
antlielinintic, purgative, and narcotic properties,
and lias been chiefly used for tlie first of tlicse
purposes. Dose, to cliildren, f^ij — to adults,
15ssto5ij.
Dkcoctum Guai'aci Compos'ithm, D. Gi(atac>
offiriii'i'lifi com /ton' i I inn seu Lii/iio' nun seu de
(f'lc/dco rompoti' ititiii seu sndurl/' imin seu diitpho-
ret'iciiin; Coniptiund decoction of Giidinciim, De-
coction of the Woodi. {Li(/ii. giiiiiae. rasur. ^iij,
finct. nice, vitii vini/er. X\}, rnd. tnnri. HnsHiifr.
concis., rod. i)li/ryrrli. aa _^j, aqiicB Ox. Boil the
Ouaiacuni and raisins over a shiw fire to Ov :
adding the roots towards tlie end, tlien strain.
Pliiinn. E.) It is possessed of stimulant proper-
ties, and has l)een fjiven in syphilitic, cutaneous,
and rheuuiatic aft'ections. The resin of the
guaiaciim is, however, insoluble in water, so that
the guaiac wood in it cannot be supposed to pos-
sess much, if any, effect. The Parisian Codex
has a
Dr:cocTUM he Ghyaco CoMPOs'iTirM et Pur-
GANS. (F.) Decoction de Gai/ac Coiiiposic et Pitr-
gnlive ; ('oiii/iouiid puiyjntive Decoction of Guai'-
aciiin. (Lli/n. r/noiac. rasp., rnd. nornop. aa ,^j,
poiiinn. cmhonixt. gr. x.w. Macerate for twelve
hours, asitatlns occasionally, in rvdfcr Oiv, until
there remain Oiij. Then inthse in it fol. senna:
X'.ii ''"'/ ,•5.'' ''.'/"• mitiiifi'-, y^.V.i/i'i'h. roil, aa 5'j>
Hill, ciii-iditd. J5J- Strain gently, suffer it to settle,
ind pour off the clear supernatant liquor. The
Jtle suflicienlly indicates the properties of the
jOinposition.
DKCocTiisf II^MATOx'yr,!, Decoction of Log-
iBooil. (Hcejiiitioxyl. rasur. ,^j, nijntB Oij. Boil
to a pint, and strain. Phann. U. S.)
Dkcoctum IIkllrbohi Albi, D. veratri.
DtococTUM Hou'nrci. Decoctum Hoidei Dis'-
tichi, J'tii'diia Illppocriit' icii, Tipid'iia, Tnp-
la'rid, Ai/ii't llorilea'tn, Hi/drocri'the, Bnr/et/
Wntei; Dccoc'tion of Darlei/, (F.) Decoction
d'Orge, Tisane Commune. {Hord. ^ij, AqiicB
Oivss. Wash the barley well, boil for a few
minutes in «v(/er Oss : strain this, anij throw it
nwaj', and add the remainder, boiling. Boil to
Oij, and strain. Pliorm. L.) It is nutritive and
demulcent, and is chiefly used as a common drink,
and in glysters.
Dkcoc'tum IIordri Covpos'itum, Decoctnm
pecliiro'/e, Jfintu'rn Hor'dei, Ptix'ann rominn'nin ;
CiDiipoitiid Decoction of Barley, (F.) Decoction
d'Orije componfe. (Decoct, hord. Oij, caricm
fruct. concis. ,^iiss, glycyrrh. rod. concis. et con-
tus. ^\j. urarnin pans, dcmptis acinis. .^ijss, oqiitg
Oj. Boil to Oij. and strain. Phann. L.) It has
similar properties to the last.
Dkoocti'm KiNiE Ki.NyE, D. Cinchonas.
Decocti'm KiN.fi KiNv*; Compos'itum et Lax-
AVS, Decoction de qniixpiiiin componee et laxative ;
Compound la.r'atirc decoction of Cinchona. (Cort.
cinchon. 1^], aqua; Oij. Boil for a quarter of an
hour, remove it from the fire ; then infuse in it.
for half an hour, fol. aenna., xodm unlph. aa ^V^ :
add nyrup. de senna f,^j.) Its title indicates its
properties.
Decocthm LiPHEXis Isi.Asnici, Deeoctum Ce-
trariae — d. Lignorum, D. Guaiaci eompositum.
Decocttm LrNi CoMPOs'nrst, Compound De-
toctinn of Fla-mecd. (Liiii _^j, Glycyrrhiz. con-
lus. J5ss, aqua- Oiss. Boil for ten minutes, and
Itrnin. Ph. D.)
DKrocTiiM Malv.e CoMPOJs'iTtTM, Decoctnm
pro cnem'ate seu comma' ne pro clyste're ; Com-
pound Decoction of Mallow, (F.) Decoction de
Jfaui'e comjiosee. (ilalrce e.rsicc. ^j, aiithcmid,
Jior. exsicc. ^ss. aquce Oj. Boil forfiltcen minutes
and strain.) It consists of bitter extractive, and
mucilage in water, and is chiefly used for clysters
and fomentations. It is unworthy a place in the
pharmacopoeias.
Decoctum Mezeuei, D. daphnes mezerei.
Decoctum Papav'euis, Decoc'tum pro Fo-
wen'to, Fotns commii'tiis; Decoction of Poppy.
{Papav. somnif. capsul. concis. ,^iv, aqua Oiv.
Boil for fifteen minutes, and strain. Phmm. L.)
It contains the narcotic principle of the poppy,
and mucilage in water: is anodyne and emol-
lient, and employed as such in fomentation, in
painful swelliniis, ulcers, <tc.
Decoctum Parei'r.e, Decoction of Pareira
Braoa. [Pareir. brav. ^x, Aq. destillat Oiss,
(Imp. meas.) Boil to a pint and strain. Dose,
f^j to ^ij.
Decoctum Pectorale, D. hordei eompositum
— d. Polygalse Senegas, D. Senegi^.
Decoctum Quercus Alb^, D. QuercCis lio'-
boris : Decoction of White Oak Bark. (Quercus
cort."^'), aquat Oiss. Boil to a pint, and strain.
Pharm. U. S.) It is astringent, and used as
such, in injections, in leucorrhoea, uterine heinor-
rhage, &c., as well as in the form of fomentation
to unhealthy ulcers.
Decoctum Sars^, Decoctum Sarsaparilla;.
Decoctum Sarsaparil'i.^e, D. iSmi'/acin Sar-
saparil/cB, I). SarsfB, D. Sarza ; Decoctinn of
Sarsaparil/a. (Sarsaparill. rad. concis. ^:^v, aq.
fervent. Oiv. CImp. meas.) Macerate for four
hours near the fire, in a lightly-covered vessel;
then bruise the root; macer;ite again for two
hours: then boil to Oij, and strain. Pharm. L.)
It contains bitter extractive, and mucilage in
water; is demulcent, and has been used, although
it is doubtful with what efficacy, in the sequela)
of syphilis. Dose, f.^iv to Oss.
Decoctum Sarsaparill>« Compos'itum: Com-
pound Decoction of Sarsapari/'la, (F.) Decoction
de Salsepnreille Componee. (Sarsaparill. conci".
etcontus ^vj, Sasnafr. Cort. concis., Lign, Guaiac.
rasur., Pad. Glycyrrhiz. contus., aa ^j, Mezerei,
concis. Jiij' ^?"<E Oiv. Boil fifteen minutes, and
strain. Pharm. U. S.) This is considered to be
possessed of analogous properties to the celebrr.terl
Lisbon Diet-Drink, Decoc'tumLusitan'icum, which
it resembles in composition.
Decoctum Sarz^, Decoctum Sarsnparillas.
Decoctum ScilL/E ; Decoction of Squill. (Scil.
la, ^vj, juniper, ^iv. Senega:, ^iij. Aqua Oiv.
Boil till one half the liquor is consumed; strain,
and add spirit of nitrous ether, f^iv. Former
Pharm. U. S.) Dose, f.^ss.
Decoctum Scopa'rii, Decoction of Broon
(Scopar. exsiccat. ,^ss, (avoirdupois); Aqtia Oss.
(Imp. meas.) Boil for ten minutes and strain.
—Ph. D.)
Decoctum Scopa'rii Compos'itum, D. Sco]>nril
(Ph. E.), Compound Decoction of Broom (Scopar.,
Junip. cont., Taraxac. cont., au ^ss; Aq. destillot.
Oiss, (Imp. meas.) Boil to a pint, and strain.
Ph. L.) Dose, half a pint to a pint, in the day ;
as a diuretic, in dropsy.
Decoctum Ski^'egm.D. Polyg'ala Senega : De-
coction of Senega. (Seneg. cont. ^j, aqua Oiss.
Boil to Oj, and strain. Ph. U. S.) It is reputed
to be diuretic, purgative, and stimulant, and has
been given in dropsy, rheumatism, &c.
DRC0CTU>r Smilacis SarsaparilLvE, D. sarsa-
parillae — d. Sudorificum, D. Guaiaci eompositum.
Decoctum Tarax'act, Decoction of Dandeli'on.
(Taraxac. contus. ^^iv, aqua Oiss. (Tin)), meas.)
Boil to a pint. And strain. Ph. L.) Dosef^iss.
Decoctum ToRMRNTn.'T..E, Decoction of Tor-
mentil. ( Tormentil. cont^y, Aqua destiilat. Oiss.
DECOLLATION
280
DEFENSIVUM
(Imp. iiieas.) Boil to a pint, and strain. Dose,
as an astringent, one or two fluid ounces.
Dkcoctl'M Ulmi, D. Ulini Campcs'tris, Decoc-
tion of Elm Btiik. ( Uiini cort. receiit. cunt, ^iiss,
(iijitcB Oij. (Imp. nioas.) Boil to Oj, and strain.
J'i'i. L.) It is ii reputed diuretic, and has been
Used in lepra and herpes ; but, probably, has no
clScacy. Dose, f.^iv to Oss.
Di;cocti;m Uv.k Unsr, Decoction of uva tirsi.
(UviB umi, ^5J, aquas, f.^xx. Boil to a pint and
strain. Ph. U. S.) Dose, f3iss.
Decoctum Vkra'tri, Detoctum Helhh'ori alhi;
Decoction of White Hel'lebore. ( Veiatri rad.
coiit. 3J, aqucB Oij, xpir. rec. f.^ij. Boil the
^vatery decoction to Oj, and, when it is cold, add
Tlie spirit. Phann. L.) It is stimulant, acrid,
and cathartic; but is used only externally. It
i.-i a useful wash in tinea capitis, psora, &e.
Should it excite intense pain on being applied, it
must be diluted.
Dkcoctum Zittman'ni, Zitt'mann's Decoction.
A most absurd farrago, extolled by Theden in
venereal diseases, the formula for which, accord-
ing to Jourdan, " some blockheads have lately
reproduced among us as a novelty." It is com-
posed of mtisaparilla, pitlvis stypticus, calomel
and cinnabar, boiled in jod^er with nniaecd, fennel
6t-c(/, and liqnorice root. A stronger And a wealcer
decoction were directed by Zittmann. Formulae
for its preparation are contained in Jourdan's
Pharmacopoeia Universalis; and in Lincke's Voll-
fciiindiges llecept-Taschenbuch. Leipz., 1841.
DECOLLA'TION, Decapita'tion, Decapita'tio,
Obtranca'tio, from de and collnin, ' the neck.'
The act of separating the head from the trunk,
by the section of the neck, as in cases of -dystocia.
DECOLLEMENT, (F.) Decjlntina'tio, (from
de and coUer, 'to glue.') The state of an organ
that is separated from the surrounding parts,
owing to destruction of the areolar membrane
which united them. The skin is decollee, 1. e.
separated from the subjacent parts, by a burn,
subcutaneous abscess, <tc.
DECOLLEMENT DU PLACENTA is the
separation or detachment of the whole or a part
of the placenta from the inner surface of the ute-
rus. DecoNement, from de, 'from,' and colliim,
• the neck,' obtmnca'tio. also means the separa-
tinii of the head of the fretus from the trunk, the
Litter remaining in the uterus.
DECOLORA'TION, Decolora'tio, Discolora'-
tio, from de, 'from,' and colorare, colorattim, 'to
colour.' Loss of the natural colour; Parachro'sis.
Devoid of colour- — Achroma'aia.
In Pharmacy, any process by which liquids, or
solids in solution, are deprived wholly or in part
of their colour, — as by bringing them in contact
with animal charcoal.
DECOMPOSEE (F.), from de, 'from,' and
cotiiponere, compoaitiim, ' to compose.' Decom-
jjo'ied, Dlssoltt'ttis. An epithet, applied to the
f.ice when extensively changed in its expression
and colour; as in the choleric or moribund.
DECOllTICA'TION, from de, 'from,' and
ca-tex, corticia, ' bark.' An operation, which
consists in separating the bark from roots,
stalks, Ac.
UECOS'TIS, Apleu'roa, from de, priv., and
coHta, 'a rib.' One who has no ribs.
DECREMENTUM, Decline.
DECKEl'IT, see Decrepitude.
BECliEP'lTVDE, Decrepitii'do,^ta8decrep'{.
ta, Ul'tima senec'tns, Senec'ta decrep'ita seu ex-
Ire'mtt seu snmma seu ul'tima, from decrepitns,
(fie, and crepere, crepitnm, ' to creak,') 'very old.'
The last period of old age, and of human life;
which ordinarily occurs about the eightieth year.
It may, however, bo accelerated or protracted.
Its character consists in tlie progressive series
of phenomena which announce the apijroacliiiig
extinction of life. One in this stage of existence
is said to be dccrep'il, decrc))' irnn, (F.) decrfpit,
DECllETORII DIES, Critical days.
DECU'BITUS, from decitmhcre, (de, and cm-
here, cubitnm, 'to lie,') 'to lie dnwn.' Cuha'tio,
Lj'ing down. Assuming tlie horizontal posture,
cu'bituH supi'nus ; (F.) Uoncher. J/ord devnbiltln,
' at bed time.' The French say — Deciibiiiix hurl-
zontal, siir le dos, aur le cotf, for, lying iu the
horizontal posture, on the back or side.
DECURTA'TUS, i/ciovpos, or intiovpi^wv, from
de, and curt us, 'short,' 'shortened, curtailed,'
'running to a point.' AVhen ajiplied to thejuilse,
it signifies a progressive diminution in the streni'lh
of the arterial pulsations, whid), at last, cease.
If the pulsations return and gradually acquire all
their strength, it is called PuUua dccurtu'tiia re-
cip/roeiiH. — Galen.
DECUSSATIO, Decussation — d. Pyramidum,
see Corpora pyramidalia.
DECUSSA'TION, Decnasa'tio, China'vms, /„.
crucia'tio, Interaec'tio, Intrtcaln'ra, from decuMnis,
that is, decern assca ; also, the figure of the letter
X. Union in the shape of an X or cross. Ana-
tomists use this term chiefly in the case of the
nerves — as the decnasation (f the optic nerves,
which cross each other within the cranium.
Dkcussatio.v or the Pykamids, see Corpora
pyramidalia.
DECUSSO'RIUM, from decvtio. decnuum, (de,
and quatio,) 'I shake down,' (F.) Becnsaoire.
An instrument used by the ancients, for depress-
ing the dura mater, and facilitating the exit of
substances effused on or under that membrane.
It is described by Scultetus, Pare, Ac. See
Meningophylax.
DEDAIGNEUX, Rectus superior oculi.
DEDE. Death.
DEDENTITION, see Dentition.
DEDOLA'TION, Dedola'tio, from dcdoh,rc,{de,
and dolare, dolntnm,) 'to cut and hew with an
axe.' This word has been used liy surgeons to
express the action by which a cutting instrument
divides obliquely any part of the body, and pro-
duces a wound with loss of substance. It is com-
monly on the head, that wounds by dcdolation
are observed. When there was a complete sepa-
ration of a portion of the bone of the cranium,
the ancients called it Apoaeeparuia' mna.
DEERBALLS, Elaphomj'ces granulatus.
DKERBERRY, Gaultheria, Vaecinium stami-
neum.
DERRFOOD. Brasenia bydropeltis.
DEERS' TEARS, Bezo.ar of the Deer.
DEFATLLANCE, Syncope.
DEFECATION, De/aca'tio, from rfe, and/ffr,
V\. ffBcea, 'excrement' The act by which the
excrement is extruded from the body. Cuca'tin,
Excre'tio alvi seu alvi'na seu fcfcum ahinn'riim,
Dejec'tio alvi, Secea'aio, Expid'aio seu EJec'tio
fcBcnm, Apnrjo'fje, Hijpocliore'aia. Ecchore'aia, Ec-
copro'aia, Et/ea'tio. The faeces generally acenmu-
late in the colon, being prevented by tlie annulus
at the top of the rectum from descending freely
into that intestine. In producing evacuations,
therefore, in obstinate constipation, it is well, by
means of a long tube, to throw the injection into
the colon.
In Phnrmnry, defecation means the separation
of any substance from a liquid in which it may
be suspended. See Clarification.
DEFEOTIO ANIML Syncope.
DEFECTUS LOQUEL^, Aphonia- d. Ye-
neris, Anaphrodisia.
DEFENSI'VUM, from defenders defenaum,
to defend.' (F. ) Dffenaif A preservative or de-
fence. The old surgeons gave this name to dif-
DEFERENS
281
DELAPSIO
fcTcnt local njiplications, made to diseasecl part?,
lur the purpose of guardinj; thein from the iin-
j)ressioti of extraneous bodies, and particularly
from till' contact of air.
Dl';i"i;Rli;NS, from defero, {de, and ferre,) 'I
bear nuay,' ' I transport.'
Dkkkkk.ns, Vas, IJuctus seu Cana'Us deferenn,
Vibi-d'loi; (F.) Conduit spermatu/ue, Cnniil seu
C'liiidiiit ilf'ff'rciit, is the e.\cretory canal of the
fpenii, which arises from the epididymis, de-
ecribes numerous convolutions, and witii the ves-
sels and nerves of the testicle concurs in the for-
mation of the spermatic chord, enters the abdo-
minal rinj;, and terminates in the ejaculatory
duct.
DEFFBRTNATED, Defibrinizcd.
DFl^'I URINATION, see Defibrinized.
DEFlinUNlZED, (F.) JJejlbrioe, Defih'ri-
nnled. From de, und fihriii. Deprived of fibrin.
A term applied to l)iood from which the fibrin
has been removed, as by whipping. The act of
removing fibrin from the blood has been termed
deJibriiKiliiin.
DEFIUU RATIO, Deformation.
DEFLAGRA'TION, JJcjIoyra'ti'o, from defla-
(jiare, (i/c, and jltKji-ure, Jlaijrntum, ' to burn,')
• to set on fire.' In pharmacy, the rapid combus-
tion of a substance with flame; great elevation
of temperature ; violent motion, and more or less
noise. Thus, we speak of tlio deflagration of
nitrate, and of chlorate, of potassa, of gun-
powder. Ac.
DEKLKCTENS, Derivative.
DKFLECTIO, Derivation.
DEFLORATION, Stuprum.
Di:I'M,oua'tion, Dcpucila'tian, Drpudica't!nn,
T>erii(jiim'tion, Dejlora'tio, Devirf/iiKi'tio, Vir'-
ijiiiis vititi'tio, Vin/tn'itaa deJiora'Ut, from dejlo-
veHcere, {de, tind Jlorcscere,) 'to shed flowers.'
The act of depriving a female of her virginity.
Inspection of the parts is the chief criterion of de-
floration having been forcibly accomplished ; yet
inquiry must be made, whether the injury may
not have been caused by another body than the
male organ, lieceiit dejlorution is infinitely more
easy of detection than where some time has
elapsed.
DEFLUVIUM, Aporrhcea — d. Capillorum,
Alopecia — d. Pihn-um, Alopecia.
DEFIiUXIO, Catarrfi, Defluxion, Diarrhoea—
d. Catarrliaiis. Influenza.
DEFLUX'ION, Dr/hix'io, (de, and fvere,
JliLiuiii, ' to flow.') Dcjhix'us, Cittar'rhijHin, Ihj-
poi-'ilii/xh, Cdtdi-'ilnis. A falling down of hu-
mours from a superior to an inferior part. It is
f-omctiinesn.-^ed svnonvinouslv with inflammation.
DKFLUXUS DYSENTElUCUS, Dysentery.
DEFORM A'TIOX, De/ormnHo, C«co„i,„-'j,h;„,
Ctictiiii'iijjliij'nis, JJi/KiiKir'/ilte, Dijumor'pliiit, Dyn-
vioi jjlio'sin. Defarm' itat, Inform' ilnn, Defiyura'tioi
l>l''ji(/iini'tl<)ii', Dr/onii'iti/, (F.) Difformite, from
de, aiid/mma. Morbid alteration in the form
of some part of the body, as of the head, pelvis,
spine, itc. A deformity may be natural or acci-
dental.
DE'FRUTUM, for De/ervitum, (de, nml ferren,
'I bdil.') (F.) ]'iii ciiit. (Jrapc must, boiled
(hiwn to one half and used as a sweetmeat. — Plin.
Columell. Isidor. See Kob.
DEFURFURATIO, see Desquamation.
DEFl'SIO, Decantation.
DECENERATIO, Degeneration — d. Adiposa
Coniis. Steatosis cordis.
DEdEXEUA'TION, Pef^ciieratio, Nolheu'sis,
yoihi'a, from degeuer, 'unlike one's ancestors,'
(de, mill (/eiiiifi, (j( nciiti, ' family,') Der/eii'erac;/,
(F.) Dfjdieration, AhatardiKfirment. A change
for the worse — d(</r<id<itioii — in the intimate cora-
pobilion of the solids or fluids of the bodj'. In
pathological anatomy, derjeueration means the
change which occurs in the structure of an organ,
when transformed into a matter essentially mor-
bid ; as a cauceronn, or tiihenidar, degeneration.
Di'iji'iiereHeence is, by the French pathologists,
employed synonymously with Degeneration.
LEGENJiUESUENCE, Degeneration —(i.
Grdifmeiine dii Foi'e, Adiposis hefiatica — d. Gra-
nnlee du Jlein, Kiilney, Bright's disease of the —
d. Ndire, Melanosis.
DEGLUTINATIO, Decollement.
DEGLUTITIO, Deglutition— d. DifBcilis, Dys-
phagia— d. Impedita, Dysphagia— d. L.esa, Dys-
phagia.
DE(;LTITIT"ION,Z)cy//(OV"(o,ra/«;/os(«,from
de, and i/liitire, ijlntltum, 'to swallow.' The act
by which substances are passed from the mouth
into the stomach, through the pharynx and oeso-
phagus. It is one of a complicated character,
and requires the aid of a considerable number of
muscles; the first step being voluntary, the re-
mainder executed under spinal and involuntary
nervous influence.
DEGMUS, Dexh, Morsun, (F.) J/ojwo-c, — a
bite in general, AijyiiO!, from ioKvu), 'I bite.' A
gnawing sensation about the upper orifice of the
stomach, which was once attributed to acrimonj
of the liquids contained in that viscus.
DEGORGEMENT, Disgorgement.
VEGOUT, Disgust.
DEGRADATION, Degeneration.
DEGREE', from deiji-e, originally from f/rndim,
*a step.' A title conferred by a college, — as the
' degree of Doctor of Medicine.' Galen used this
expression to indicate the qualities of certain
drugs. Both he and his school admitted cold,
wrirm, moint, and dry medicines, and four dif-
ferent ' degrees' of each of those (qualities. Thus,
Apiiim was warm in the fimt degree. Agrimony
in the sccnnd, Roche Alum in the tliiril, and Gar-
lic in the/o»/-//i. Bed<g<n- was cold in the fimt,
the flower of the Pomegranate in the second, the
Sempervivum in the thir<l, Opium in the fourth,
<fec. The French use the term dcgre to indicate,
1. The intensity of an affection : as a burn of the
first, second, third degree, <&e. 2. The particular
stage of an incurable disease, as the third degree
of phthisis, cancer of the stomach, kc.
DEGUSTA'TION, Dcgnstn'tio, from de, and
gnxtare. gimtofnm, ' to ta>te.' GiiKtation. The
appreciation of sapid qualities by the gustatory
organs.
DEHIS'CENCE, Dehiscen'tin, from dehiscere
\ (de, and hiscere 'to gape'), 'to break open in
chinks.' Separation of a shut organ along the
line of union. A regular and determinate sepa-
ration, which takes jdace in a shut organ.
DEICTICOS, Index.
DEID, Death.
DEIL'S SNUFFBOX, Lycoperdon.
DEIRONCFS. Bronchocele.
DEJECTEDNESS. Deoression.
DEJECTIO ALYI, Defecation — d. Alvica,
Excrement.
DEJECTION, from dejivere. drjertnm (de,
nnd j'lccre.) ' to cast down.' Ihjcc'tio. Snbdnc'tio,
Bi/p'igo'ge, Ili/pochorc'sii, JL/pechnre'six. Apnp'-
ntuH, Ifypop'dlnn, Hijpoph'orn. The expulsion of
the fseces ; — Ejec'tio, Egen'tio. Also, a fivcal dis-
charge or stool, — generally, however, with oh-ine
prefixed, — as an ahine l>ej<ctiiin. Airim rir'idis,
Dejcctin nlri'nn. Also de|)repsion of spirit.';.
DEJECTIONES NIGR.^?,. xMelxna.
DE.TECTORIUM. Cathartic.
DELACRY.MATIO, Ei)iphora.
DET^ACRYMATIVUS, Apodacryticus.
DELAPSIO, Prolapsus.
DELAPSUS
282
DELPHINIUM
DELAPSUS, Prolapsus — d. Palpcbroa, Ble-
pharoptosis.
DELATIO, Indication.
JJIiLAYAXTS, Diluentia.
DELCROIX'S DEPILATORY, see Depila-
tory. C()llev's.
DELETE'RIOUS, DeUte'rius, Peniicio'sun,
(F.) Di'lf'lere, Pentlcicu.r, from 6v>^€w, 'I injure.'
That wliich produces destructive disorder in the
exercise and harmony of the functions.
DELETERIUM. Poison.
DEMERET. Delirious.
DELIGATIO, Deligation, Ligature, see Ban-
dage.
DELIGA'TION, Delitjn'tio, Epidei'sis, Deli-
gatii'ra, Vut'iientm dcliyd'tio seu viiictu'ra, Fns-
cia'rum Applica' tio,Phuja' mm Vincta'ra, Fascia'-
tio, from delifjixre, dclif/nfiun, {de, and li(j<>,) ' to
bind.' The deligation of wounds formerly em-
briiced the application of apparatus, dressings,
&c., — the denomination Dellfja'tor I'lnga'rum
being synonymous with 3fedicns Vulnera' riux,
and in derivation, with the Wundarzt, 'wound
physician' or surgeon, of the Germans. Deliga-
tion is hardly ever used now as an English word.
In France, it is applied to the regular and me-
thodical application of bandages, and to the
ligature of arteries.
DELIGATURA, Deligation.
DELIQUES'CENT, DcUqueH'ccm, from deli-
qvesccre, {de and liquescere,) 'to melt,' 'to dis-
solve.' Any salt which becomes liquid by attract-
ing moisture from the air. The deliquescent
salts require to be kept in bottles, well stopped.
Chloride of lime, acetate of potassa, and carbonate
of potassa, are examples of such salts. The an-
cient chemists expressed the condition of a body,
which had become liquid in this manner, by the
word Deliijaium.
DELIQUIIIM ANIML Syncope.
DELIRAMENTUM, Delirium.
DELIRANS, Delirious.
DELIRAXT, Delirious.
DELIRATIO, Delirium — d. Senum, see De-
mentia.
TjELIRE, Delirium — d. Cr-npnhnx, Delirium
tremens — d. dcs Ivrognes, Delirium tremens — d.
Nervi>it.r, Delirium nervosum.
DELTRE DES PERSECUTIONS. Mania,
in which the morbid hallucination is, that the
individual is persecuted.
DELIRE TRA UMA TIQUE, Delirium nervo-
guin — d, Treinhhiut, Delirium tremens.
DELIRTA, Insanity.
DELIRTE, Delirious.
DELIR'IOUS. Same etymon as Drltuium.
DeU'rauH, Deli'rus, Ercerebra'tun, AllorJi'008,
Alie'nM, Pnrale'rus, Ravinr/, (Sc.) Delieret,
Delirie, (F.) Delirant. One who is in a state of
delirium. That which is attended by delirium.
The French use the term Fievre perin'cieuiie deli-
raiite for a febrile intermittent, in which delirium
is the predominant symptom.
DELIR'IUM, from de, 'from,' and lira, 'a
ridge between two furrows' [?] : more probably
from de, and Xnpvitu, ' a silly saying or action.'
Prtrnc'ope, Phreni'tin, Phlednni'a, Deaipieii'tia,
Aphroi'i/iie, Parnlere'ma, Pnialpre'sin, Para-
lo(/"i'i, Phdiitri'sia, Prirnphrni'i/ne, Eiiio'tio,Leros,
Parancp'a. AltopJi'«sin, IhHra'tio, Delirament'um,
(Sc.) Rnvery, Roving, (F.) De/ire, Egnrement
d'eaprit, Ac, Trnittport, Ideoxytu'lnjiie. Stray-
in" from the rules of reason ; wandering of the
mind. Hippocrates used the word fxavia, mnnin,
for delirium sine fifhre, and the Greek words
given above for delirium cum fehre. In different
authors, also, we find the words, Pnrnph'ora, Pa- \
rapli rotes, Paruphreiie'sis, Paraphi-eii' ia, Phrend'-
«/«, Phreneli'aiis, &c., for different kinds of de-
lirium. Delirium is usually symptomatic.
DKLiniiiM EmiiosiTATis, Drunken niadne.'s;
also D. tremens — d. Epileptic, see Epilcp-sy — J.
Furiosum, Mania — d. Maniacum, Mania.
Dblirium NkuVOSUM, (F.) Dftire ticrreni- nn
traumctlique. A form of delirium which super-
venes after surgical operations, or severe in-
juries.
DicLiniT'M PoTATORtTjir, D. tremens— d. Trcini-
faciens, D. tremens — d. Senile, see Deinentiii,
Delirium Tiikmens, D. jMlald'rnm sen ilni-
onita'tia seu tremifa'ciens seu vig"iltinii, .Vri'iiin
d potu seu e temiilentid, (Enomd'nia, Erc.lhiH'iiiiiH
ehrioso'rum, Vipunma'nia, Mcningi'tinsvn I'/irriii'.
tis potato'rum, Tromoma'uitt, Tri>inoporrtn(r'(i,
f'otoparana-'a, Pototronioparanai'a, (F.) Knce/iha-
lopathie crojyulense, Deli re tremlilant ou cri/j)iilnij:
ou des Ivrognes, Folic den Ivrognes ou Alcoilique.
A state of delirium and agitation, peculiar to
those addicted to spirituous liquors, with great
sleeplessness. It is preceded by indisposition,
lassitude, watchfulness, headach, and iinorexia;
the delirium and tremors. Tremor potnlo'rum,
most commonly recurring in paroxysms. It is
caused by the habitual and intemperate use of
ardent spirits or of opium or tobacco; or rather
by abandoning them after prolonged use. The
treatment is various. Many have regarded sti-
mulants, with large doses of opium to induce
rest, to be indispensable. It is certain, however,
that the expectant system will often, if not gene-
rally, be successful ; and, it is probable, a euro
effected in this manner will be more permanent
than when produced by excitants.
DELIRUS, Delirious.
DELITESCENCE, see Repercussion.
DELITESCENTIA, see Repercussion.
DELIVER, (Prov.) Iny, same etymon ns the
next ' To put to bed.' To disburden of a ciiild.
DELIVRANCE (F.), (de, and livrer, 'to set
free.') An expression, whicli, in common lan-
guage, signifies the action of delivering, /I'icra'f/o,
but in the practice of obstetrics, means the ex-
trusion of the secundines, either spontaneously
or by the efforts of art. This completion of de-
livery— partus secnndd'rius, sectindiiia'riim e.r-
pjd'sio seu extrae'tio, is produced by the same
laws as the expulsion of the foetus. Souictirnes,
the after-birth follows the child immediately; at
others, it is retained ; and requires manual inter-
ference to remove it. The following are tlic
chief cases in which this becomes necessary. 1.
Intimate adhesion between the placenta ami
paries of the uterus. 2. Spasmodic contraclioti
of the orifice of the uterus. 3. Hour-glass con-
traction. 4. Torpor or hemorrhage after the ex-
pulsion of the child, and, — 5. Insertion of the
placenta at the orifice of the uterus.
DELIVERY, Parturition — d. False, False
water.
DELIVRE, Secundines,
DELOCATIO, Luxatio.
DELPIIINE, see Delphinium staphisagria.
DELPHININE, see Delpbinium staphisagria.
DELPHIN'IUM, from 6i\,hii, or hi\fiv, 'a
dolphin,' which the flowers resemble. !>■ c""-
sol'idn seu Seg"etum!'CVL Versic'olor, C<dc.itrri'pii,
Covsol'ida Uegn'lis, Branching Liirlcupnr, Slnij-
gerujeed. Ord. Ranunculaceic. Sex. Si/nt-, I'oly-
andria Trigynia. (F.) Pied d'alouette det chamjii.
It has been employed as a vermifuge. The
flowers have been used in ophthalmia, and the
seeds have the same property as those of Stavet-
acre.
Dklphtniuw Consolida, Delphinium — d. Sc
getum. Delphinium.
Delphin'ium Staphisa'gria. The systematic
DELPIIYS
283
DENGUE
narac of tho Slaveii'acre, Sl'ipJtlxnr/ria, PhtJieiror'-
tnnum, J'ltthei'i-iitni, St<ip)ii8, J'ecliciihi'n'a, (F.)
iilnjth'iHuiijre, llerbe iiux Phhj-, J)<nipltii>elle.
Tlie seeds, Staph inarjn'a, (Ph. L. ami E.J have a
difiagrecalile smell ; a naiiseou.s, bitterish, hot
taste; and are cathartic, emetic, and vermifuge :
owinj;, however, to the violence of their opera-
tion, they are seldom given internally, and are
chiefly used in powder, ini.xed with hair powder,
to destroy lice. The active principle of this
jilant has been separated, and received the name
J)el/iliiit'i<i, (¥.) Uclpliliip, Del ],h! nine. It is ex-
tremely acrid, and lias been recently used, like
vcratria, in tic douloureux, paralysis and rheu-
matism. It is used in the form of ointment, or
in solution in alcohol, (gr. .\ to xxx, or more, to
2J,) applied externally.
J)i:i,i'iiiNirM Vi;r!sic'oi,on, Delphinium.
DELPIIYS, Uterus, Vulva.
DELTA, Vulva.
DET/riFORMIS, Deltoid.
DEL'TOID, IMloVdex, I)ello'(!t», Delloideiix,
Di'llifi)rm'ia, (F.) Deltiivh, from the Greek capi-
tal letter A. icXra, and tiioq, ' reseinblnnce.' Soiis-
acii>iiilii-clavi-hi(mr'r<i/ of Durniis ; Siia-acromio-
IiKiiirnd of Cliaussier. A triangular muscle
foruiing the fleshy part of the shoulder, and
covering the shoulder-joint. It extends from the
outer third of the clavicle, from the acromion
and spine of the scapula, to near the middle and
outer part of the os humeri, where it is inserted
by means of a strong tendon. This muscle
raises the arm directly upwards, when the shoul-
der is fixed, and carries it anteriorly or poste-
riorly, according to the direction of the fibres,
vliich are thrown into action. If the arm be
rendered immovable, the deltoid acts inversely
and depresses the shoulder.
DELTO'IDE, Deltoid.
DELUSION, Hallucination.
DEM EL MUCA. A name given by Prosper
Alpinus to a disease, which, he says, is proper to
Egyjit. He considers it to be inflammation of the
brain : but others describe it as a pernicious in-
tcrniittent.
D E M A G N E T I Z A'T 1 0 N. Demnfp,etim'i!o.
The act of removing the condition of magneti-
zation.
DEilANGEATSOlSf, Itching.
DEMANUS, Acheir.
DSMENCE, Dementia — d. Innce, Idiotism.
DEMENTED, Insane.
DEMEN'TIA, ylmcdVm, Fatii'itas, Ancr'a,
Anoe'siii, JJciileraiioe'a, Ectxe'a, Parnmx'n, J/o'-
rin rlt'mcus, A'oiiKtlieni'n, Jncohe'rency, InihecW-
ily, Iiirohe'reiit Iimaiiiti/ ; from de, 'from,' or
'out of,' and vwiih, viciilis, 'mind,' or 'reason,'
(F.) Dfmencc, Bctine. In common parlance, and
even in legal language, this word is synonymous
with insanity. Physicians, however, have applied
it to those eases of unsound mind which are cha-
racteri/.ed by a total loss of the faculty of thought,
or by such an imbecility of intellect that the
ideas are extremely incoherent, there being at
the same time a total loss of the power of rea-
soning. Mania and melancholy are apt to end
in this, if possible, more deplorable state. Dotage
is the Dcmeiilin of the aged — Mn'rla demetis lere'-
via, Lcre'iiia, Lere'nli>, Lerns, De/ira'tio Scniini,
Amrn'tia Scui'lia, Piteril'itan, Delir'ium Seni'le,
Aiiil'ltnn, Sctiile /iisan'iti/, Seiii/c Vementia, T»-
sanili/ of the aged, (Sc.) Dolttrlc, — a form of moral
insanity, in which the whole moral character of
the individual is changed.
Di-.MKNTiA ArcioKNTALis, sce Lunatic — d. Ad-
ventitia, see Lunatic — d. Naturalis, Idiotism — d,
rarnlytiea. Paralysis of the Insane.
DEMI, Semi — d. Buin, Semicupium — d. Circu-
laire, Semi-circular — (/. Ephienx, Semi-spinalis
colli — d. Epiueiix dn dos, Semi-spinalis dorsi —
(/. Gniitelef, Gautelet — d. IntenosHeux dn poiue,
Flexor brevis pollicis manus — d. Lunaire, Semi-
lunar— d. Mevihranenx, Semi-raeuibranosus — (/.
Nerveux, Semitendino.-us — d. Orbicularis, Orbicu-
laris oris — d. Tendiiieux, Semi-teudinosus — d.
Tierce, llemitritfea (febris).
DEMISSIO ANIMI, Depression.
DEMISSOR, Catheter.
DE'MODKX F0LLICUL0'PtUM,(<5„,/0!r. 'lard,'
and iri^, 'a boring w(jrm,'J Acarus foUicnluruuT.
DEMONOMA'NIA, JJcBmonomauia, Theoiin,'.
nia, Eiitltcoiiiu'nlu, from (Saifiwi', 'demon,' a spirit
of good or evil, and iiavia, 'madness. A variety
of madness, in which the person conceives him-
possessed of devils, and is in ccmtinual dread of
malignant spirits, the pains of hell, <tc. Also,
religious insanity, Sebristmiia'iiia.
DEM'ONSTRATOR, from demnusinn-e, (de
and monatrnre,) 'to show;' 'exhibit.' One who
exhibits. The index finger. See Digitus.
DuM'oNSTUATon OP Anat'omy. One who ex-
hibits the parts of the human body. A teacher
of practical anatomy.
DEMOTI'VUS LAPSUS, Repeuti'nn mora,
from deuKi^rerc. {de and niovere,) 'to move oti','
'remove,' and Inpaua, 'a fall.' Sudden death.
DEMUL'CENTS, Denndren'tia, Livolren'Ha,
Olii!(>lve>i'ti<i, Liihrieav'tia, from demnlcere (de,
and nudeere,) 'to soothe,' 'to assuage.' (F.)
Adoiieiaaaiita. Medicines supposed to be capable
of correcting certain acrid conditions imagined
to exist in the humours. Substances of a muci-
laginous or saccharine nature belong to this class.
Demulcents may act d.lreetly on the parts with
which they come in contact; but in other cases,
as in catarrh, their effect is produced by con-
tiguous sympathy ; the top of the larynx being
soothed by them first, and indirect/i/ the inflamed
portion of the air-passages. In diseases of the
urinary organs, they have no advantage over
simple diluents. — See Diluents an<l Emollients.
The following are demulcents : — Acacia; Gunimi ;
Althfeae Folia et Radix; Amygdala?; Amylum;
Avenae Farina; Cera; Cetaceum ; Cydoniic Se-
mina; Fucus Crispus ; Glycyrrhiza ; Ilordeum ;
Lichen ; Linum ; 01iv;c Oleum ; Sassafras Medul-
la; Sesamum; Sevum; Tragacantha, and Uluius.
DEMUSCULA'TUS, from de, and miiac>i/„a.
' a muscle.' (F.) Bechanie. Emaciated, devoid
of flesh.
DENA'RIUS; a Roman coin, equal in value
to about 10 cents, or 8 pence English. It was
marked with the letter X, to signify 10 asses.
Also, the 7fh part of the Roman ounce.
DENDROLTRANUS, Rosmarinus.
DENERVATIO, Aponeurosis.
DEN'GUE, Diiigre, Biiiign. Dmidi/, Bmiqiief,
Biieket Fever, Eriijt'tire arlic'tilar fever, E. rheii-
mat'ie fever, Brenhbone, Neuralgic, Solar or Sun
Fever, llhemnatia'iiiua febri'lia, Scarhiti'ua rheu-
mat'ien, Exanthe'aia nrthro'aia, Plaiitn'ria, Febris
exanthemat'ica nrtictda'iia, (F.) Giraffe. A dis-
ease, which first appeared in the years 1S27 and
1828, in the West Indies, and in the southern
states of North America. It was extremely
violent in its symptoms, but not often fatal. It
usually commenced with great languor, chilliness,
and pain in the tendons about the smaller juinis.
To these symptoms succeeded burning heat and
redness of the skin, pains in the muscles of the
limbs or in the forehead, with vomiting or nausea.
The fever continued for one, two or three days,
and usually terminated by copious perspiration.
In different places, it put on different aj^pear-
ances ; but seems in all to have been a singular
variety of rheumatic fever. The usual anti|)hlo-
gistic treatment was adopted, and successfully.
DENIACII
284
DEXTIER
DENIACII, MINERAL WATERS OF. De-
Tiiach is a village in Swabia, at the entrance of
tlie Black Forest. The waters contain carbonic
acid, carbonate of iron, carbonate of litne, sul-
phate of mairnesia, ami carbonate of soda.
DKNIGKA'TIO, from deni(/rare, {de, and ni-
gpi; 'black,') 'to become black.' The act of be-
coming black, as in cases of sphacelus, sugilla-
tion, Ac.
DENS, Tooth — d. Leonis, Leontodon taraxa-
cum.
]>KNS Pro'liper. a term used by Bartholin
for a supernumerary tooth, which appears to
grow upon a primitive or parent tooth.
DENT, Tooth — d. de Lion, Leontodon taraxa-
cum— d. de Sdf/esae, see Dentition.
DENTAGOGUM, Dentagra.
DEN'TAGRA, Den'ticeps, JJentar'jmr/n, Benti-
da'cum, Dcntic' uhtm, Dentor/u'giim, Denla'Us for-
/e.c, Fnr/ejc denta'ria, Odonthar'imga, Odon'ta-
yra, Odontciijo'r/on, from dens, dciitis, 'a tooth/
and aypa, 'a seizure.' (F.) Daviei: A tooth-
forcejis.
DE XT AIRE, Dental.
DENTAL, DenUi'lin, Deutn'rius, Dcnticuln'tiis,
(F.) DeuUtire, from dens, dentin, 'a tooth.' That
wiiich concerns the teeth. See Dentiformis.
Dental Arches, (F.) Arcades dentnires, are
the arches formed by the range of alveoli in each
jaw.
Dkntal Ak'teries are those arteries which
nourish the teeth. They proceed from several
sources. The teeth of the upper jaw, e. g., re-
ceive their arteries from the in/r((orbitar and
superior alveolar, — themselves branches of the
internal ma,i-illar;/. The teeth of the lower jaw
receive their branches from the inferior dental
or inferior ma.rillari/, which is given off by the
internal maxillary, and runs through the dental
canal, issuing at the mental foramen, after hav-
ing given numerous ramifications to the teeth
and jaw.
Dental Canals, (F.) Conduits dentaires, 3fax'-
illarji canals. The bony canals, through which
the vessels and nerves pass to the interior of the
teeth.
Drntal Car'tilage, Caytila'go denta'lis. The
cartilaginous elevation, divided by slight fissures,
on the biting margins of the gums in infants,
prior to dentition. It is a substitute for the teeth.
Dental Cav'ity, (F.) Cavite dentaire. A ca-
vity in the interior of the teeth in which is situate
the dental pnlp.
Dental Excava'tor. An instrument for the
removal of the decayed part of a tooth, prepara-
t(n-y to the ojieration of filling.
Dental Fol'liclk, FoUic'tdns seu Cap'sula
diiitis, (F.) Follicule dentaire. A membranous
follicle, formed of a double lamina, in which the
teeth are contained before they issue from the
alveoli, and which, consequently, aids in the for-
tuation of the alveolo-dental periosteum, and of
the membrane that envel()i)s the pulp of the teeth.
The dental follicles are lodged in the substance
of the jaws.
Dental Gangrene, Caries Den'tinm, Odon-
tahj"ia cario'sa, O'lontonecro'sis, Odontosphaeel'-
isis, Odontonpliacelis'mns, Necro'xis Den'tinm,
(F.) Carie des Dents. Gangrene or caries of the
teeth. See Caries.
Dental Nerves, (F.) Neifs dentaires. Nerves
which pass to the teeth. Those of the upper in-
cisors and canine are furnished by the infra-or-
bitar nerve, a branch of the superior maxillary,
and those of the molars by the trunk of the
same nerve. The teeth of the lower jaw receive
the nerves from the inferior maxillary, which, as
well as the superior maxillary, arises from the
5 th pair.
Dental Pitlp, Pnlpa seu Nu'ch-ua sou Stih-
stnn'tia jjnljto'sa dtnlis, Gerincn denta'le, (F.)
I'nlpe dentaire. A pidtaceous substance, of a
reddish-gray colour, very soft and sensible, which
fills the cavity of the teeth. It is well supplied
with capillary vessels.
Dental Surgeon, Dentist.
Dental Veins have a similar distribution with
the arteries.
DEN TALIS, Odontoid— d. Forfex, Dentagra.
DENTA'LIUM, from dens, dentin, 'a tooth,'
the do(j-like tooth shell. A genus of shells in the
shape of a tooth. They formerly entered into
several pharmaceutical jirejiarations, but were
useless ingredients; consisting — like shells in
general — of carbonate of lime and gchitin.
DENTARIA, Anthemis Pyrethrum, Plumbago
Europsea.
DENTARIUS, Dentist.
DENTARPAGA, Dentagra.
DENTATA VERTEBRA, Axis.
DENTATE, Denta'ted, Denta'tns, (F.) Denteli.
Cut in the shape of teeth.
DENTA TUUE, Digitation.
DENTATUS, Dentate.
DENTELAIRE, Plumbago Europrea.
DBNTELARIA, Plumbago Euroi.ifa.
DEN TELE, I) Qwiatu — d.Anterievr petit, Veeto-
ralis minor — d. Grand, Serratus magnus— rf. Pos-
lerienr et inferieur, petit, Serratus posticus infe-
rior— d. Snperieur, 2}etit, Serratus posticus su-
perior.
DENTELVRE, Digitation.
DENTES, Teeth, see Tooth — d. Angulares,
Canine teeth — d. Bicuspidati, Molar teeth — d.
Buccales, Molar teeth — d. Canini, Canine teeth —
tl. Clavales, Molar teeth — d. Columellares, Canine
teeth — d. Ctenes, Incisive teeth — d. Cuspidati,
Canine teeth — d. Dichasteres, Incisive teeth —
d. Gelasini, Incisive teeth — d. Gomphii, Molar
teeth — d. Incisores, Incisive teeth- — d. Lactei, see
Dentition — d. Laniarii, Canine teeth — d. Maxil-
lares, Molar teeth- — -d. Molares, Molar teeth — d.
Mordentes, Canine teeth — d. Oculares, Canine
teeth — d. Primores, Incisive teeth — d. Kasorii,
Incisive teeth — d. Sai)ientic«, see Dentitiun — d.
Serotini, see Dentition — d. Sophroretiei, see Den-
tition— d. Sophronistaj, see Dentition — d. Suph-
ronisteres, see Dentition — d. Tomici, Incisive
teeth.
DENTICEPS, Dentagra.
DENTICOLA HOMINIS, see Odontolithos.
DENTICULA'TUM, (Ll;/amentnni,) diminu-
tive of dens, dentis, ' a tooth.' Litjanien'tuni deii-
ta'tnm, Memhra'na denta'ta, (F.) Ligament denteli
ou denticnle. A slender cord, situate between
the anterior and posterior fasciculi of the spinal
nerves, and between the tunica arachnoidca and
pia mater. It is attached to the dura mater,
where that membrane issues from the cranium,
and accomj;)anies the spinal marrow to its inferior
extremity. It sends off, from its outer edge,
about twenty slender processes, in the form of
denticnli, each of which passes outwards and con-
nects itself with the dura mater in the intervals
between the anterior and posterior roots of the
nerves.
DENTICULATUS. Dental.
DENTICULUM, Dentagra.
DENTICULUS, Crena.
DENTIDUCUM, Dentagra.
DENTIER, (F.) from dens, dentis, < a. tooth.'
Denture. A set or row of teeth, mounted on
metal or ivory, to be adjusted to the alveolar
margin. Dentiers are simple or doul)le. To the
latter, that is, to the full set, the name Rutelier
is given.
DENTIFORM
2 85 DENTS BICUSFID^ES
DEX'TIFORM, Dentiform' is, from dens, dentin,
'a toolli,' •AwAfiiima, 'form.' Resembling a tooth
in shape.
DKNTIFORMrS, Odontoid.
DEN'TIFRICE, I)entifric"{um, Remed'inm
dfntifiic"ium, Odontotrhn'ma, Odontomney'ma,
Tooth powder, Tooth piinte, from denii, detitis, ' a
tooth,' iiTttl fricare, ' to rub ;' a name given to dif-
ferent powders and pastes proper for cleansing
the enamel of the teeth, and removing the tartar
wliieh eovers them. Powdered bark and char-
coal, united to any acidulous salt — as cream of
tartar — form one of the most common dentifrices.
ElertiKiire ou Opiate Dentifrice, of the Parisian
Code.x, consists of coral ^'iv, cuttlefish hones and
cinnamon, ha, 3Ui cochineal ^SS, honey ^\, alum
gr. iv or v.
Pnndre Dentifrice of the Codex i? composed
of Iliili- Arineniac, red coral, [prepared,] and cut-
tlefish hones, aa ,^vj, draijon's blood 3''ji eochi-
lie<d 5.ii cream of tartar ^'\x, cinnamon ^ij, cloves,
gr. xij, well mixed. The one used by the author,
is composed of charcoal and orris root, each one
part; prepared chalk, two jjarts.
Charcoiii, finely powdered and mixed with
chalk, firms iis good a dentrifice as any.
DENTIti"EROUS, Ven'tiyer, from dens, den-
lis, and <iero, ' I carry.' To^oth carrying, as den-
titjcroiis cyst: one containing teeth.
DEXTilJOUN, Leontodon taraxacum.
DEN'TINAL, Dentina'lis, from dens, dentis,
'a tooth.' Relating to the dentine of the teeth.
DENTINE, see Tooth — d. Secondary, see
Tooth.
DENTISCAL'PIIIM, from dens, dentis, 'a
tooth,' and scalpere, ' to scrape.' Odoiito'ijli/phuni.
This word has been applied to the instrument
used for scaling the teeth ; to the tooth-pick, (F.)
Cure-dent ; and to the (jum lancet, — the dechuus-
soir of the French.
DENT'IST, Dentis'ta, Odontia'ter, Denta'rins,
Dental Surgeon, Surgeon-Dentist, (F.) Dentiste,
from dciis, dentis, 'a, tooth.' One who devotes
himself to the study of the diseases of the teeth,
and their treatment.
DEN'TLSTRY, Odonfotech'ni/, Odontiatri'a,
Odonlotherapi'a, Dental Surgery, Same etymon.
The art of the dentist.
DENTITIO, Dentition— d. Difficilis, Dysodon-
tiasis.
DENTIT"ION, Teething, Dentit"io, Denti'fis,
Odonlophi/'ia, Odonti'asis, Odonto'sis, from den-
tire, (dens, dentis, 'a tooth,') 'to breed teeth.'
The exit of the teeth from the alveoli and gums;
or rather the phenomena which characterize the
different periods of their existence. The germs
of the first teeth, dentes lac'tei or milk teeth, (F.)
dens de Init, are visible in the foetus about the end
of the second month ; and they begin to be ossified
from the end of the third to that of the sixth
month. At birth, the corona of the incisors is
forniod. but that of the canine is not com])leted;
and tiie tubercles of the niolares arc not yet all
united, (iradually the fang becomes developed;
and at about six or eight months begins what is
commonly callc<l, the first dentit"ion, Odon'tia
dentitio'nis lactan'tinm. The two middle incisors
of the lower jaw commonly appear first; and,
some time afterwards, those of the upper jaw;
afterwards, the two lateral incisors of the lower
jaw ; and then those of the upper, followed bj'
the four anterior molares ; the canine, or ei/e-teeth,
nt first, those of the lower, and, afterwards, those
of the upper jaw, next appear; and, subse-
quently and successively, the first 4 molares — 2
above and 2 below, 1 on each side. The whole
number of the primary, temporary, deciduous,
nheddiug or milk-teeth, (dentes tempora'rii,) (F.)
Dents de lait, is now 20.
The eruption of the milk teeth takes place, ap-
proximately, in the following order:
Central incisors 6th to 8th month.
Lateral incisors 7th to 10th month.
First molar 12th to 14th u)onth.
Canines 16th to 2(lth month.
Second molar 20th to 30th month.
The second dentition or shedding of the teeth,
odon'tia dentitio'nis pueri'lis, Dedentit"ion. be-
gins about the age of C or 7. The germs or mem-
branous follicles of these second teeth — to fhe
number of ^2 — as well as the rudiments of tho
teeth themselves, are visible, even in the fatn-,
with the exception of those of the small nioh:rc.-,
which do ncjt appear till after birth. They aie
contained in alveoli of the same shape as those
of the first dentition. Their ossification ci n-
mences at from 3 to 6 months after birth, in the
incisors and first molares; at eight or nine
months, in the canine; about three years, in the
molares; Z^ in the second great molares, and
about 10 years in the last. As the alvecdus of jv
new tooth becomes gradually augmented, the
septum between it and that of the corresponding
milk tooth is absorbed, and disappears. The root
of the milk tooth is likewise absorbed; its corona
becomes loose and falls out, and all the first teeth
are gradually replaced by the jjermanent teeth,
Den'tfs serot'ini. This second dentition becomes
necessary in consequence of the increased size
of tho jaws. The new teeth have neither the
same direction nor the same shape as the old;
and they are more numerous, amounting till the
age of 25, (sooner or later,) to 28. About this
period, a small molaris appears at the extremity
of each jaw, which is called Dens sapicn'tice or
wisdom tooth, wit tooth. Dens serot'inus, Dens so-
phroret'icHS, D. sophronis'ta, D. sophronis'ter,
(F.) Arrierc dent. Dent de sagesse, making tho
whole number of permanent teeth 32.
The eruption of the permanent teeth is remark-
able for its general regularity; so that it consti-
tutes an important means for ascertaining tho
age of the individual during the early period of
life.
First molars 7th year.
Central incisors 8th yt'ar.
Lateral incisors 9th year.
First bicuspids lOlh year.
Second bicuspids , llth year.
Canines 12th year.
Second molars 13th year.
The teeth of the lower jaw precede by a few
weeks those of the upper.
During the period of dentition, that is, of the
first dentition, the infant is especially liable to
disease ; — the irritation, produced by the pressure
of the tooth on the superincumbent gum, some-
times oc^'asioning pyrexia, convulsions, diarrhoea,
<fec., which syuijitoms are often strikingly relieved
by a free division of the distcndeil gum. This
disordered condition is called Teething. Odon'tia
dentitio'nis, Odonti'asis, Odontul'gia dentitio'nis,
Oda.ris'mus,
DENTITIS. Dentition.
DENTIUM CORTEX, Enamel of the teeth—
d. Dolor, Odontalgia — d. Nitor, Enamel of tie
teeth — d. Scalptura, (Lancing the gums,) see
Gum lancet — d. Yacillantia, Odontoseisis.
DENTO, from dens, dentis, ' a tooth. One
whose teeth are prominent.
DENTOIDEUS, Odontoid.
DENTS BICUSPIDEES. Bicuspid teeth— rf.
Col des, CoUuni dentium — d. Conoides. Canine
teeth — d. de Lait, see Dentition — (/. Mdehelieres,
Molar teeth — d. Molaires, IMolar teeth — d. JJulti-
DENTURE
286
DEPRESSOR
cuspideen. Molar teeth, great — d. (Eillierea, Ca-
niuo teeth.
DEXrrRE, Detitier.
DENUDA'TION, Denuda'tlo, Gymno'sis, from
deiiiidare, {de. and ntidare, tiiidcitum), 'to lay
b:ire.' Condition of a part, deprived of its natu-
r.il coverings, whether by wounds, gangrene, or
abscess. It is particularly applied to the bones,
when deprived of their periosteum, and to the
teeth when they lose their enamel or dental sub-
stance, or when the gums recede from them, and
their sockets are destroyed.
DEOB'riTRUENT, Dcob'strucns, Dephrac'ti-
ciim, Dc'ippi'latis, DeoppUati' cum, Ecphrac'tie,
from de, and obstniere, (ob, and striiere,) ' to ob-
struct.' (F.) Desobstntnnt, Dexobstnictif, Desopi-
httif, Denopilaut. Medicines given with the view
of removing any obstruction. The word corre-
sjjonds to aperient, in its general, not in its par-
tlcidar sense. It is now almost abandoned, and,
when used, conveys by no means definite ideas.
DEODORIZER, Antibromic.
DEONTOL'OGY, Deuntohiy" la ; from ra icovra,
'what are fitting or necessary,' and Xoyos, 'a de-
scription.' A word introduced by Bentham to
signif}' morals, or the science of duties.
Mkd'ical Dko.vtol'ogv, Deonfolo(/"ia med'ica,
(F.) Deontoloyie medicale. Medical ethics, 3le-
dical etiquette. The duties and rights of medical
practitioners.
DEOPPILATIVUM, Deobstruent.
DEPASCENS, Phagedenic.
DAPAUPERATUS, Impoverished,
DEPERDITIO, Abortion.
DEF'ERISSEMENT, Emaciation.
DEPIIRACTICUM, Deobstruent.
J)/;/VA^r//', Depilatory.
DEPILATIO, Alopecia— d. Capitis, Calvities.
DEPILA'TION, DepiUi'tio, Dropacin'mm, Jfa-
de'iiin, Jfi(d'iiiiK, Fbild'xiii, from de, and piliis, ' hair.'
Loss of hair, either spontaneously or by art.
DEP'ILATORY, Eepilato'rium, Dropajc, Psi-
lo'thron, Ectillut'icus, Epilato' riuni, (F.) Depila-
Idire, Df'pihttif, Epilatoire. Same etymon. Any
thing which causes the loss of the hair. Depila-
tories are usually caustic applications, in which
quicklime or some other alkaline substance, sul-
j'huret of iron, <fec., enter.
Dki'ilatohy, Collky's, seems to consist of
qiiickliiiie and a portion of sulphuret of potasna.
Detcroix's depilatory, and Ploick's depilatory,
have a similar composition. They all, probably,
contain arsenic, in the form of orpiment. The
following formula has been given for that of
Colley : qnickliine, 30 parts ; aoaj} lees, 125 parts ;
sulphur, 4 parts ; nitre, 4 parts ; orpiment, 12 parts.
Another depilatory by F. Boudet is formed of eul-
phuret of sodium, 3 parts ; quicklime, in powder,
10 : nfrtrch, 10 ; mix. Rub a little of this powder
with water; apply it to the part, and remove the
hair in a minute or two with a wooden knife.
Dorvault recommends the Bepilntory of Jfartins,
which is a sulphuretted sulphuret of calcium;
made by passing sulpholiydric acid into quicklime
to saturation. A little of this is applied to the
part, and in eight or ten minutes it becomes solid.
It mu.st then be washed off with cold or hot wa-
ter, when the skin will be found denuded. An-
other, given by Redwood, is a strong solution
of the sulphuret of barium, made into a paste
with itni-ck powder. It is used like the one ad-
vised by Boudet. Those that do not contain
arsenic are, of course, safer.
A i>iich plaster, Piich-cnp, is sometimes used
ns a depilatory. It of course pulls the hair out
by the roots.
DE'PILIS, same etymon. Devoid of hair.
Hairless.
DEPLACEMEXT DE LA CATAUACTE,
see Cataract
DEPLETIF, Depletory.
DEPLE'TION, Deple'tio, from depho, depk-
turn, ' I unload.' The act of emptying or unloiid-
ing, for examide, the vessels, by bhiod-letting
and the ditferent evacuants. Also, inordiimie
evacuation.
DEPLE'TORY, Deple'ling. (F.) DfpUtif Ilnv-
ing relation to depletion — as 'a depletory or de-
pletinij agent.'
DEPLUMA'TIO, Ptilo'sia, from depluniis {de
and pluma), 'without feathers.' A disease of tlio
eyelids, in which they are swollen, and the eye-
lashes fall out. See Madarosis.
DEPOS'IT, Depon'itum, from depono, {de nnd
po)io, ponitum, 'to lay or put,') 'to lay or put
down.' (F.) De})6t. Any thing laid or thrown
down. In physiology and pathology, a struc-
tureless substance, separated from the blood or
other fluid, as the ty})hous, tuberculous, purulent,
melanic, and diphtheritic dejjosits.
DioposiT, Feculence.
DEPOS'ITIVE, Dcpoaiti'vua, same etymon.
An epithet used by Mr. Erasmus Wilson to express
that condition of the membrane in which plastio
lymph is exuded into the tissue of the dcrinii, so
as to give rise to the production of small hard
elevations of the skin, or pimples. Under "de-
positive inflammation of the derma," he comprises
strophulus, lichen, and prurigo.
DEPOT. Abscess, Sediment — (/. Loiteuse sur
la Cuisse, Phlegmatia dolens — d. de I' Urine, Se-
diment of the urine.
DEPRAVA'TION, Deprava'tio, from de and
prams, 'bad.' Perversion, corruption — as de-
pravation of the taste, Ac.
DEPREIIENSIO, Diagnosis, Epilepsy.
DEPRES'SION, Depres'sio, Impres'sio, from
deprimere, depressiim {de and ^.xemcrc), ' to do-
press :' Esphla'sis. In Anatomy, it means an
excavation, hollow, or fossa. In Suryenj, it is
applied to a fracture of the cranium, in which
the portions of fractured bone are forced inwards;
(F.) Subgrondation, Entablement ; called also,
Catapi'esis, Cumpsis Depres'sio, Thhisia Deprea'-
sio. Dejiression, (F.) Abaissement, means Couch-
ing.— See Cataract.
Depression also means dejection or dejeetedntit
— Ademon'ia, Ademo'syne, Demis'sio aniini,
Dkpres.sion, Nervous, Shock, nervous — d.
Vital, Shock, nervous.
DEPRESSOIRE, Meningophylax.
DEPRESS'OR, (F.) Ahaisseur. Same etymon.
Several muscles have been so termed, because
they depress the parts on which they act.
Depressor Ai.je Nasi, E. la'bii superiu'ria
alce.que nasi seu Labii superio'ria pro'prius, Jn-
cisi'vus ine'diua, 3fyrtifor'iu>s, Const ricto' res nlu'-
rnm nasi uc depresso' res la'bii auperio'ris, Majcillo-
alveoli-nasal — part of the labialis, (Ch.,) (F.)
Abaisseur de I'aile dn nez. It arises from the
superior maxillary bone immediately above Ibo
junction of the gums with the two incisor and
canine teeth ; and passes upwards to be inserted
into the upper lip and root of the ala nasi, which
it pulls downwards.
Depressor AN'Gn.i Oris, Triangula' ris, De-
pressor labio'rum cornmu'uis, I), labiorum, (F.)
Sousmaxillo-labial, Ma.rillo-labial (Ch.), Ahuii-
seur de Vangle dea levres ou Muscle Triangnlnirt.
A muscle, situate at the lower part of the face.
Its form is triangular. It arises from the outer
oblique line on the lower jawbone, and terminates
in a point at the commissure of the lips, wbich
it pulls downwards.
Depressor LA'nii Infrrio'ris ; Quadra'tui,
Q. Menti, Depressor labii iuferio'ria pro'priue—
DEPRESSORIUM
287
DERMATIATRIA
(F.) Jfttilouiiier-laHol, Mento-lulUd (Ch.), Carre
da M,-ntoii, lloiippe dii Menlon, AbniHueitr de la
livre iii/trlenre. A small, thin, and quadriliiteral
)nusclc, which arises from the external oljli(iue
line of the lower jaw, and ascends to the lower
Up, where it becomes confounded with the orbi-
culuri.-i oris. It pulls the lower lip downwards
and outwards.
Diii'iiKssofi Labii Sitperioris Proprius, D.
AliC nasi — d. Labiorum communis, D. Anguli
oris — d. Oouli, Rectus inferior oculi.
Dkprkssor Pai/pkbr^: Infkhio'his. A fleshy
bundle, which forms part of the palpebralis
muscle. Ileister describes it separately, but it is
not a<lmittcd now.
DKl'KKSSOIUUM, Monin^ophylax.
l>i:i'R[MENS AURICUL.E, Retrahens auris
— d. Maxillae biventer, Digastricus — d. Oculi,
Rectus inferior oculi.
DEPRIMENTIA, Sedatives.
DKI'UCILATION, Defloration.
DEiMJDICATION, Defloration.
UEPURAN'TIA, from depurare (de and pu-
rnx), 'to purify.' (F.) I),'pur,i,iH, nep,iri,t!/\.
Medicines were formerly so called, which were
supposed to possess the property of removing,
from tlie mass of blood or humours, those prin-
ciples which disturbed their purity; and of di-
recting them towards some one of the natural
emunctories. The juices of what wore called
anti-scorbutic herbs, sulphur, and many other
lucdicines, were ranked under this class.
DEPURA TIPS', Depurantia,
DHl'URA'XrON, Depura'Ho. Same etymon.
Ciahnrin'mnH, Miiiidx'tio. In Fdthidoijy, depura-
tion has been used for the process by which na-
ture purifies the animal economy, either by the
agency of some eruptive disease, or some sponta-
neous evacuation, or by the assistance of medi-
cine. See Clarification, and Depuratory.
DRPURATIVE, Depuratory.
DEP'URATORY. Same etymon. Depnmto'-
rliiH, Depuralhx, (F.) Ih'pxratoire. That which
causes depuration, .as the urinary and vutaueoiat
dipiii'iHoii*. Applied, also, to diseases which
have been considered capable of modifying the
constitution advantageously, by acting on the
composition of the fluids — such as cert^iin erup-
hons. intormittcnts, .fee. The word is, also, ap-
propriated to medicines and diet, by which the
same ctfect is sought to be induced.
DERADELPII'US, (F.) Derade/phe, from Sepv,
'the neck,' and aScS(po;, <a brother.' A double
monocephalous monster, whose two trunks are
united above the umbilicus, and separated below.
— r». St. Ililairc.
DER'ADEX, from ftpn, 'the neck,' and ainv,
'a gland.' A gland in the neck.
DERADEXI'TIS, from S,p„, 'neck,' aSnv, 'a
gland,' and iiig, denoting inflammation. In-
lliiiniinilion nf the glands of the neck
DERADEXON'CUS. from Sepr,. 'the neck,'
afl'/i', 'a gland,' and oy/rof, 'a swelling.' Tume-
f^ictMvi of the glands of the neck.
DKR.WENCEPIIA'LIA, T/dip.encopha'Ua.
Mni ,hp,,. 'neck,' and a,H-i,cephal!„, 'absence of
''Him. A monstrosity in which only a small
|"M-ru)n of the brain exists, resting on "the cervi-
cal vertebra}— more properly dereiu-epha'lia.—G
M- Ililaire. According to" Is. G. St. Ilihiiro a
nionstrosity characterized by the total absence
of oiico)dialon, and of the medulla spinalis into
tlio cervical region.
nERAN'(n<:D. Insane.
DEKAXOEMEXT, Insanity.
nE/{ArJt{F.), Lic'ne pn-ra'tn,, from de and '
rile, 'spleen.' Deprived of spleen ; as by an
operation. ■'
DERCII, Nanus.
DERI5IA, Impetigo.
DEHENCEPIIALIA, Deranencephalia.
DERKiXCEPII'ALUS, from 6 pr,, 'the neck,'
and KtipaXn, 'head.' A monster whose brain is
in the neck.— G. St. Ililaire.
DERIS, Cutis.
DERIVANS, Derivative.
DERIVA TIF, Derivativa.
DERIVA'TION, Lerim'tlo, Deflee'tin, Paro-
cheteu'als, Aiitilep'sis, Anti^'pnii'^, Rerid'nio,,,
Ciira derivati'va seu reni/Wria, from derivare,
derivatiim, (de, and riniH, 'a river,') 'to turn
water from its regular course.' Uhen a 'centre
of fluxion' is established in a part, for the pur-
pose of abstracting the excited vital manifesta-
tions from some other, a derivation is operated.
The term Derivation has likewise been ap-
plied to the suction power of the heart — a
presumwl agency in the circulation of the blood.
DERIVATIVE, Berel'lenl, Rtr,d'>,ire, D,-,lec'-
teni, Deri'r„nn, Deri rata' rinx, Antixpax'ticnx'. lie-
vnUi'vuH, Revnho'rinx, (V.) Dhivatlf, Rerulxi/:
Same etymon. A remedy, which by producing
a modified action in some organ or texture derives
from the morbid condition of some other organ
or texture. Revellents are amongst the most Im-
portant remedies: they include, indeed, every
physical and moral agent which is capable of
modifying the function of innervation, and there-
fore almost every article of the materia medica.
The following is a list of the chief local Deriva-
tives :
1. Epispastics. — Acidum Aceticum, Acidum
Nitricum, Acidum Sulpburicum, Allium, Ammo-
nia, Ammoniacum, Asafa'tida, Cantliaris, Capsi-
cum, Galbanum, Olea Essentialia, Pix Abieiis,
Sinapis, Caloric, Friction.
2. Vksicants. — Ammonia. Argent! Nitras, Can-
tharis, Cantharis Vittata, Ilydrargyri lodidum
rubruin. Ranunculus, Sinapis, Caloric.
3. Suppurants. — Acida Mineralia, Antimonii
et Potass-.e Tartras, Canfharis, Mezereum, Pix
Abietis, Sabina, Tiglii Oleum, Fonticulus, Seta-
ceum.
4. — EscriAROTios. — A. Emdentn. — Acidum
Aceticum, Acida Mineralia. Alumen Exsiccatum,
Argenti Nitras. Cupri Sub-Acetas, Cupri Sulphas,
Sabina, Sac^barum Purissiinum.
B. Actual Canterants. — Caloric, White Hot
Iron, Moxa.
C. Potential Oauterantn. — Acidum Arseniosum,
Acidum Nitricum, Acidum Sulphuricum, Anti-
monii Murias. Argenti Nitras, Cal.x, Potassa,
Pofassa cum Calce, Zinci Chloridum.
DERIVATORIUS, Derivative.
DERMA. Cutis.
DERMAD, see Dermal Aspect.
DERMAL. Dermic, Drrma'lix, Der'mirnn, from
&cppa, 'the skin.' Relating or belonging to the
skin.
Dkrmal Aspect. An aspect towards the skiu
or external surface. — Barclay. JJermnd is used
adverbially by the same writer to signify 'to-
wards the dermal aspect.'
DER.MAL'GIA, properly Bermatal't/in, Der-
matodi/n'ia, from 6cppa, 'the skin,' aiid a)^Yos,
'pain.' Pain in the skin. Neuralgia of the
skin. Rheumatic Dermahjia or Rheumatixm <if
the skin is a form of neuralgia, which is referred
at times, to the nervous trunks, muscles, Ac, but
appears to be seateil in the cutaneous nerves.
DERMATAGRA, Pellagra.
DERMATALG lA, Dermalgia.
DERMATANEU'RIA, Adermoner'via, from
Sippa, SippaTos, 'skin,' a, priv., and vevpov, 'nerve.'
Paralvsis or loss of sensibility of the skin.
DERMATAUXE. Dermatophyma.
DERMATIATRI'A, from Seph") ^W^ros, ' skin/
DERMATITIS
288
DESMOID
and tarpcin, 'healing.' Healing of cutaneous dis-
eases. The treatment of diseases of the skin —
Di'rul"riii!(iln'''i, Vermiitocrnti' a.
DERMATITIS, Cytitis, Erysipelatous inflam-
mation.
DERMATOCHOLOSIS, Icterus.
DEinrATOCHYSTS, Anasarca.
DERMATOCRATIA, see Dermatiatria.
DERMATODES, Dennatoid.
DERMATODYNIA. Dermalgia.
DER'.MATOID, Bermatoi'des, Dermato'den,
Denniii'ilen, Dermo'dea, Dermoid, from icpixa,
itpnaroi. 'the skin,' and £i5o?, 'form.' That which
is simil:!r to the skin. This name is given to
diiferent tissues, which resemble the skin. The
dura mater has been so called by some.
Mnrhi deniiato'des, chronic cutaneous diseases
DERMATOL'OGY, Dermatology' in, Dermol'-
ogy. from ^icpua, Scpixarog, ' the skin,' and Aoyuf,
'a discourse.' A discourse or treatise of the skin.
DER.MATOPATillA, Cutaneous disease.
DER.MATOPERISCLERISMUS, Induration
of the cellular tissue.
DER.MATOPERISCLEROSIS, Induration of
the cellular tissue.
DERMATOPIIILUS, C/n-qne.
DER.MATOPIIY'MA, Dcrmatnux'e, from ^cp/za,
hpnaTiii, 'skin,' and 0u/<«, 'tumour.'' A tumefac-
tion of the skin.
DERMATOPIIYMATA VENEREA, Condy-
lomata.
DERMATOPH'YTyE, properly Dermatoph'yti
(Morbi), from itp^a, 6cimiiTos, 'skin,' and ipiiTov,
'a vegt;tahle.' An order of cutaneous diseases,
including those that depend on, or are character-
ized by, the presence of parasitic plants. It is
made to include Porrigo and Sycosis.
DERJIATORRlIArx"IA, from Sip/xa, Scpi^aTos,
'skin,' and payn, 'rupture.' A discharge of blood
from the skin.
DERMATORRIICE'A, from Stpixa, Sep^arog,
'skin,' anil pew, ' I flow.' A morbidly increased
secretion from the skin.
DERMATOSCLEROSIS, Callosity.
DERMATOSES, Cutaneous diseases.
DER.VATOSIES VEROLEUSES, SypM-
lides.
DERMATOSPASMUS, Horrida cutis.
DERMATOTYLOMA, Callosity.
DERMATOTYLOSIS, Callosity.
DER.MATOTYLUS, Callosity.
DERME. Cutis.
DERMIC, Der'micHU, Dermnt'icus, Dermat'i-
ntm. Dermntic, Dermrd, Derma'lia; from bcpjia,
'skin.' Relating to the skin.
DERMITIS, Cvtitis.
DER.^IODES, Dermatoid.
DERMO(x'RAPIIY,Z)^'r)Ho,7mp7t'i-rt, from Icp^a,
'the skin,' and ypaipw, 'I describe.' An anato-
mical description of the skin.
DERMOII^'MIA, from ^tp/^a, 'skin,' and
'iiiixa, 'blood.' Hyperaimia or congestion of the
skin.
DERMOID, Dermatoid.
DKRMOLOaY, Dermatology.
DERM'OPHYTE, Der'mntophiie, same ety-
mon. A parasitic vesretable growth on the skin.
DER.MO-SKELETON, see Skeleton.
DER MO- S Yr II fL ID ES, S,/ph Hides.
DERMOT'OMY, Dcrmotom'iu, from itpfxa, 'the
skin,' and rtuvnv, 'to cut.' The part of iuiatomy
which treats of the structure of the skin.
DERODYMUS. Dicephalus.
DEROXCUS, Bronehocele.
DERTRON. This word, which is used by
nippocrates, signified, according to some, the
omentum or peritoneum, hut according to others,
the small intestine. See Epiploon.
DESA L TERAXTS, Refrigerants.
DESARTICULATIOX {¥.), from de, and
articulnn, 'a joint.' Diijoiiit'iiig. A word u.^ed
to express the part of the operation, in amputa-
tion at an articulation, which consists in dividiii"
the ligaments, and separating the articular sur-
faces. The word has, also, been used for tli;it
kind of anatomical preparation, the object of
which is to separate the ditferent bones of tho
skeleton, and especially those of the head.
DESASSIMILATION, see Assimilation.
DESCALORINESES, from de, 'from,' and
culor, 'heat.' A name given by Bautnes to dis.
eases which are characterized by diuiiiiisheil
heat.
DESCEMET, MEMBRANE OF, see Aiiucous
Humour, and Cornea.
DESCEMETI'TIS. A term improperly forined,
and really signifying 'inflammation of Desceiuul.'
Inflammation of the membrane of Descemet.
DESCENDENS NONI, see Hypogh.ssus.
DESCENSIO, Catabasis.
DESCENSUS, Catabasis — d. Testiculoriun,
Orchido-catabasis.
DESCENTE, Hernia — c^. de la Blutrice, Pro-
cidentia uteri.
DESECTUS, Castratus.
DESENFL URE, Dftnmexcence.
DESHLER'S SALVE, Ceratum resinse compo-
situtn.
DESICCANTIA, Desiccativa.
DESICCATIO, Draining— d. Ilerbarum, Dry-
ing of plants.
DESICCATION, Drying.
DESICCATI'VA, Desican'tia, Siccan'tia, Ex-
siccati'va, from desiccare, (de, and siccare, eicen.
turn, 'to dry,') 'to dry up.' (F.) Di'ssiecalifi.
Remedies, which, when applied externally, dry
up the humours or moisture from a wound.
DESINFECTANT, DisinfecUint.
DESINFECTION, Disinfection.
DESIPIENTIA, Delirium.
DESIRE, Libido — d. Venereal, Appetite, vene-
real, see Libido.
DES'MA, Des'me, Dcs'mus. A bandage, a liga-
ment. Hence:
DESMATUR'GIA, from hajin. 'bandage,' and
Lpyuv, 'work.' The doctrine of tho applicatiuu
of bandages. Bandaging.
DESMEDION, Fasciculus.
DESMEUX, Ligamentous.
DESMIOGNA'THUS, (F.) Desmiognathe, from
iia/io;, 'ligament,' and yvadog, 'jaw.' A double
parasitic monster. Order, Poli/giialliieiii, ciiarac-
terized by a supernumerary imperfect head, which
is united, under the ne-ck, by muscular and cuta-
neous, but no bony attachments, to the principal
subject. '
DESMI'TIS, Deamophlogo'nis, DesmnpJdnrj"in,
from SeaiArj, 'a ligament,' and itin, denoting in-
flammation. Inflammation of ligaments.
DESMOCIIAUNO'SIS,from ha^Los, 'ligament,'
and ;^^uui'a)(7(;, 'relaxation.' Relaxation of an ar-
ticular ligament.
DESMODYN'IA, from ica/xv, 'ligament,' and
oivvri, 'pain.' Pain in the ligaments.
DESMOG'RAPIIY, Dcsmogmph'in, from ha-
fios, 'a ligament,' and ypaipri, 'a description.' An
anatomical description of the ligaments.
DESMOID, DesmoYilex, Desmo'dex, from kafi,
'a ligament,' and ti^oj, 'resemblance.' Ilaviug
the character of, or resembling, ligament.
DKSMoin Tissue, from <5tiT/<os. 'a ligament,' ami
tiiog, 'shape.' Ligamen'tous Tissue, Texlus de»-
mo'sHs. This tissue is very generally diffused
over the human body ; has a very close connexion
with the areolar tissue, and is continuous with it
DESMOLOGY
289
DEVELOPMENT
in divers places. It constitutes the ligaments,
aponeuroses, <fec.
DESMOL'OGY, Deamolog" ia, from Scafiog, 'a.
ligament,' and Xoyoj, 'a discourse,' 'a treatise.'
That part of anatomy which describes the liga-
ments.
DESMOP'ATIIY, Desmopathi'a, from icaitoi,
'ligament,' and naOos, 'disease.' Disease of the
ligaments.
DESMOIMILOOIA, Desmitis.
DESMORKIIEX'IS, from 6caiioi, <a ligament,'
and pi^ti, 'rupture.' Rupture of an articular
ligament.
DESMOS, Ligament.
DESMOSUS, Ligamentous.
DESiMOT'OMY, Desmotom'in, from iiaijo;, 'a
ligament,' and reiivctv, ' to cut.' The part of ana-
tomy which teaches the mode of dissecting the
ligaments.
BESOnSTRUANT, Deobstruent.
D^SOnSTRUCTIF, Deobstruent.
DESOPILATIF, Deobstruent.
DKSORGANISA TION, Disorganization.
DESOXYGEXESES, from de, and o.r;/gen.
M. Baumes includes under this title an order of
diseases, which he considers dependent upon a
diminution in the quantity of the oxygen neces-
sary for the animal economy.
DESPOTA rS { F.). Infirm soldiers, formerly
charged with the office of removing the wounded
from the field of battle : perhaps from denporla-
tor, 'one who bears away.' The class of Jjespo-
tats was introduced by Leo VI., at the commence-
ment of the i)th century.
DESPUM A'TION, Denpuma'tio, Apaphris'mos,
Epaphris'moa, from denpnmare, (r/e, and npunia,)
'to skim,' 'to remove the froth.' The separation
of the froth and other impurities, which rise, by
the action of the fire, to the surface of any fluid.
DESQUAMA'TION, I)es,jnnma'ti<> Cutis, Ec-
lep'isis, ApoHijr'ma, Apolep' inia, Apolcph'mun,
MuultiiKj, from desqnamare, {de, and s<puima, 'a
scale,') 'to scale otT.' Exfoliation, or separation
of the epidermis, in the form of scales, of a greater
or less size, Fiir/iii-a'tio, Dcfurfura'tio. This
affection is a common consequence of exanthema-
tous diseases.
DESQUAMATORIUS, Exfoliative.
DF:SS'Krin:.]fENT, Atrophy, Draining.
BESSK'A TIES, Desicativa.
DESS/CCA TfO.V, Desiccation.
DESTILLATIO. Coryza, Distillation— d. Pec-
toris, Catarrh — d. Uteri, Lcucorrhocii.
DESTIUICTIO, Dinphthora.
DESUDA'TIO, Ephldro'six, Sndnm'ina, IT>.
dro'a, from demidnre, {de, and stidnre,) 'to sweat.'
Beiudalioii means a profuse and inordinate sweat-
ing, a mucksweat; but, most commonly, the term
is applied to an eruption of small pimples, similar
to millet seed, which appears chiefly on children,
and is owing to want of cleanliness.
DEStYMPHYSER, see Symphyseotomy.
DETFXTIO. Catalepsv.
DETKlKiKXS, Abstergent.
DETER'GENTS, from detergere, {de, and ier-
gere, 'to clean,') 'to cleanse.' Detergen'tin, De-
terio'ria, Exlergen'tin, Abntergen'tia, Ahfitersi'va,
Abtterfo'ria, Abluen'tia, Trnumat'irn, Smec'tica,
Emiindan'tia, Jifuiidi float i'vn, Minidificnn'tin,
Jihyp'ticn, Ahster'siveit, (F.) Detersi/s, Mundijica-
tif». Abluents. Medicines, which possess the
power to deterge or cleanse parts, as wounds,
ulcers, itc. They belong to the class of stimu-
lants, or to that of emollients.
DETERMINA'TION, Determinn'tio, from de,
Rnd termiiiKs, 'a boundnr)'.' Strong direction to
a given point; — as ' a determination of blood to
tlic head.'
ly
DETERSIFS, Detergents.
DETERSORIA, Detergents.
DETERSO'RIUM, from detergere, delersum,
to cleanse.' The place, in ancient bathing es-
tablishments, where the bather was cleansed and
dried.
DETESTATIO, Castratio.
DE TORSE, Sprain.
DETRACTIO SANGUINIS, Bloodletting,
DETRl'TUS, from deterere, {de, and terere,
tritum, 'to rub,') 'to bruise or wear out.' The
residuum, occupying the place of the organic
texture of parts which have undergone disorgani-
zation.
DETROIT ABDOMINALE, Pelvis (brim)—
d. Iiiferieur, Pelvis (outlet) — d. Perineal, Pelvis
(outlet) — d. Sttperieur, Pelvis (brim.)
DETRONCATION, Detruncatio.
DETRUNCA'TION, Detnnicn'tio, (F.) Detmn-
cation, from de, and trimcus, 'a trunk.' Separa-
tion of the trunk from the head of the foetus, the
latter remaining in the uterus.
DETRU'SION, Detrn'sio ; same etymon as thf
next. The act of thrusting or forcing down or
away. Applied by Dr. Walshe to lateral displace-
ment of the heart by extraneous pressure.
DETRU'SOR URI'NjE. Proim'eor, from de.
triidere, {de, and trudere, tnixnni. 'to thrust,') 'to
thrust down or from.' The muscular coat of the
urinary bladder was formerly so called. It was,
also, named Constrictor Vcsi'ca Urinn'ricp,.
DETUMESCENCE (F.), Deiumesren'tia, irom
detnmere, {de, and tiimere, 'to swell,') 'to cease
to swell.' A diminution of swelling. This word
has nearly the same signification as the French
word Desenfure. The latter is, however, more
particularly applied to the diminution of oedema
or anasarca; the former, to the resolution of a
tumour properly so called.
DEUNX. 'The ancient name of a weight of 1 1
ounces, supposing the pound to consist of 12.
DEURENS (FEBRIS,) Causus.
DEUS COPULATIONIS, Cupido.
DEUTERANCEA, Dementia.
DEUTERI'A, from Sevrtpos, 'the second.' Vo-
gel has used this term for the symptoms produced
by retention of the secundines. The word was
also applied, by the Greeks, to a second or infe-
rior wine.
DEUTERION, Secundines.
DEUTEROPATHI'A, Hijsteropathi'n, Morbus
seeunda'riiis, from Scvrepoi, ' the second,' and
ra.5of, 'disease.' A secondary disease. One pro-
duced by another, and of which it is only, in
some measure, symptomatic, or the sympathetic
eifect.
DEUTEROS'COPY, Devteroseop'ia, from ecv-
j-tpof, 'the second,' and o-komuj, 'I view.' Second
sight. A fancied power of seeing future things
or events.
DEUTO, ScvTcpos, 'second.' A prefix denoting
two, or double, — as deutoxide, having two degrees
of oxidation.
DEUTOAZOTATE ACIDE LTQUIDE DE
MERCURE. see Hvdrargyri nitras.
DEVEL'OPMENT, Evnhi'tio, from (F.) deet-
lopper, 'to unfold.' (F.) Deveh>pj>ement. In
Physiology, it means growth or increase; and in
Pathology, its signification is similar. It — as
well AS, Differentiation — is at times used, in Phys-
iology, for the kind of increase which takes place
by the formation of new tissues from those al-
ready existing, as in the embryo, whilst groicth is
restricted to the increase of the same tissue. By
development of the pulse is understood an in-
crease in its strength and fulness. Diseases of
development, Morbi evofntio'nis, are such as are
peculiar to the period of growth.
DEVERTICULUM
290
DIACIIALASIS
'Taking Developmbnts.' A term used by
practical craniologists to signify the act of mea-
suring prominences of the skull, which are re-
garded by them as indicating the size of corre-
spiinding cerebral organs.
Development, Vesicle of, see Vesicle of De-
velopment.
DEVERTICULUM, Diverticulum.
DEVIA'TION, Devia'tio, from de, 'from,' and
via, ' the way.' Out of the way. By this word
is meant — a vicious curvature of the spine or
other bones; — faulty direction of the teeth or
other part; — the passage of blood, bile, urine,
milk, <fcc., into vessels not natural to them.
BE VIA TION DES REGIES, Menstruation
(vicarious.)
DEVIL IN A BUSH, Nigella— d. Bit, Vera-
trum viride.
DEVIL'S BIT, Aletris farinosa, Scabiosa suc-
oisa, Chamajlirium luteum — d. Bite, Liatris — d.
Dung, Asafoetida — d. Shoestrings, Galega Vir-
ginian a.
DEVIRGINATION. Defloration, Stuprum.
DEVISCERATION, Exenterismus.
DE VOIEMENT, Diarrhoea.
DEWBERRY, AMERICAN, see Rubus ceesius
— d. Plant, Rubus esesius.
DEWCLAWS, Crusta genu equinae.
DEXIOCAR'DIA, from i^cos, 'right,' and Kap-
Sta, ' the heart.' A case in which the heart is
found to beat on the right side. It is met with
occasionally in pleurisy and pneumothorax.
DEXIS, Degmus.
DEX'TANS. A weight of 10 ounces, suppos-
ing the pound to consist of 12.
DEXTERINA, Dextrine.
DEXTRAD, from dexter, 'right-handed.' A
term used adverbially by Dr. Barclay to signify
'towards the dextral aspect.' See Mesial.
Dextral Aspect, see Mesial.
DEXTRAL'ITY, from dexter, 'right.' The
state of being on the right side. Right-handed-
ness. The state of being right-handed.
DEXTRIN, Dextrine, Dextri'num. Dexteri'na,
Jiritiuli (juni, Artijic"ial gum, from dexter, 'right-
handed.' So called, from its refracting the rays,
in the polarization of light, more to the right
hand than any substance known. A substance
obtained by the continued action of diluted sul-
phuric acid upon starch at the boiling point. It
is used in the treatment of fractures, by the 'im-
movable apparatus.' The bandages are soaked in
a solution, in water, of the dextrine — previously
moistened thoroughly with tincture of camphor,
to prevent it from leaking when the water is
added. The solution should be of the consistence
of molasses.
DEXTRINUM, Dextrine.
Dr. ^1, ^if, 'bis, twice, double.' Hence, Dicro-
ttis, ViijdKtricuK, Sec.
DIA, ^('1, in composition, 'through, asunder,
out of, separated.' When prefixed to any thera-
peutical agent, it meant, in ancient pharmacy, a
preparation into which that agent entered.
DIABEBOS, Astragalus, Malleolus.
DIAUETE, Diabetes— f^. Ohyle<ix, Chyluria—
d. Faitx, see Diabetes — d. Inxipide, see Diabetes
— d. Sucre, Diabetes (mellitus.)
DIABE'TES, from ita, ' through,' and 0aivu>,
'T pass.' Uri'n<B proflii'viiim, Hyperdiiire'iiiii,
S'pho uri'nfB, Urnrrhrir/'in, Poli/ii'ria, Hydrops
ad Mnt'ulnm seu Matel'la, Po/i/Kre'sis, Uroze'mia,
(Jreorrhve'n, Dip'eacos, Dinrr/np'n in Uriiid seu
nrino'ea, (F.) Diabele, Flux d' Urine. A disease,
characterized by great augmentation and often
manifest alteration in the secretion of urine; with
excessive thirst, and progressive emaciation. Cul-
len bus described two species: — Diabetes invip'-
idua and D. Melli'tns; the former, (F.) Dialilt
faux ou inxipide, Diabele, being, simply, a super-
abundant discharge of limpid urine, of its usual,
urinary taste : the latter, D. Melli'tns, called, also,
Paru'ria 3felli'ta, Diabetes An'glicns seu veriii,
jifelitn'ria, Melithi/pern'ria, Gtucosu'ria, Gltfcyr-
rhce'a urino'sa, Uroze'mia melli'ta, Sacchnror-
rhoe'a urino'sa, Phthisu'ria, Uro-phthi'sis, Tabes
diuret'ica seu diabe'tica, Dyspep'sia sneeharin".
ena, Apoceno'sis Diabetes Melli'tus, Sac'ehnrint
diabetes, (F.) Diubete Sucre, Ilyperurorrhee sac-
charine, Phthisurie sucree, — falls under the defi.
nition given above. The quantity of urine, dis-
charged in the 24 hours, is sometimes excessive,
amounting to .30 pints and upwards; each pint
containing sometimes 2^ oz. saccharine iiiiitter.
This replaces the urea, which is not found in
quantity in the urine of those labouring under
diabetes. Where the disease is situate is not
clear. The whole system of nutrition, however,
seems to be morbidly implicated. A part of tho
urine must be formed at the expense of the sys-
tem, as the egesta frequently far exceed the solid
and liquid ingesta. On dissection, no morbid
appearance is met with, sufficient to enable us to
fix on the seat^f this distressing affection.
All the reiiredies that have been tried havo
usually been found insufiicient in D. Mellitus.
D. insip'idns, Hypertire'sis aquo'sa, Hyiiru'ria,
Hydrure'sis, Paru'ria incon'tincns aquo'sa, J)ia-
be'tes spu'rius, Urorrhce'a, U'real Diabetes, (F.)
Polyurie, Hyperurrorrhee, Diabete inslpide, Fmix
diabete, which occurs in hysterical habits, iiiid
has, hence, been called D. hyster'icus, is of com-
paratively trifling moment. Exclusive diet, and
attention to the state of the cutaneous transpira-
tion, which have sometimes produced good effects
in D. Mellitus, have most commonly failed.
Diabetes Anglicus, se« Diabetes — d. Chylo-
sus, Chyluria — d. Insipidus, see Diabetes — d.
Lncfpus, Chyluria — d. Mellitus, see Diabetes — d.
Spurius, see Diabetes — d. Ureal, see Diabetes —
d. Verus, Diabetes (mellitus.)
DIABET'IC, Diube'ticus, (F.) Diabetijue.
Same etymon. Relating to diabetes.
Diabetic Sitgak, see Glucose.
DIABOT'ANUIM, from iia. and /3orav7, '.nn
herb.' A medicine, prepared with herbs. — Galen.
DIABROSIS, Erosion, Corrosion.
DIABRO'TICUS, from 6ia, and HpucKio, 'lent
or corrode.' A substance, capable of causing ero-
sion of the part to which it is applied. It ordi-
narily means a medicine, whose activity places it
between escharotics and caustics. See Corrosive.
DIACAR'YON, from Sia, and /cupuor, ' a nut.'
Eob nucum. The rob of nuts or of walnuts.
DIACASSIA CUM MANNA, Confectio cassiic.
DIACATHOL'ICON, Diacathol'icmu. from ita,
and KaSoXtKoi, 'univers.al.' The name of a purge,
so called from its general usefulness. It ivas an
electuary, and composed of the pulp of cusnia,
tamarinds, leaves of senna, root of poly porly, /loit-
ers of the violet, rhubarb root, aniseed, tugur,
liquorice, and ft-nnel.
DI.\CAU'SIS, from iiaKaiu>, {lia, and icaiu,) 'I
burn through.' Excestive heat. Over-healing.
DIACAUST'IC, Diiicanst'icus. Same etymon.
That which is caustic by refraction ; as a double
convex lens, which has been sometimes used fof
cauterizing an ulcer by directing the sun's rays
upon it.
DIACELTATESSON PARACELSI, Pulvis
Cornachini.
DIACHALASIS, from iiaxaUciv, (lai, ami
Xa^ntiv,) ' to be open or relaxed.' Hippocrates ufs
this word for fracture of the bones of the skull;
or for relaxation and separation of the sutnr'*. in
consequence of a wound of the head. — Hil'lio-
crates.
DIACIIALCITEOS
291
DIALEPSIS
DTACriALCIT'EOS, from ita, and ii^aXifinj,
'chalcilis or colcothar.' A plaster, whose coin-
positiun ia the game as that of the diapalma,
except that, in place of the sulphate of zinc, a
mixture of oil and colcothar is substituted.
DIACIIEIRIS'MOS. Diacheir'iais, Tracta'tio
mnuiia'ria, from Sia, and j^;tip, ' the hand.' The
preparation, administration, and dispensing of
medicines. — Hippocrates.
DIACIIORK'MA, Diachore'Hii, from ^ta^^wptui,
(iia, and ■)(wjic<ji, 'I retire,') 'I separate from.'
Every kind of excreted matter and excretion ;
but more particularly the fajces and alvine excre-
tion.— Foesius, Qorrajus. See Excrement.
DiACHoiiEMA Xysmatodes, scc Kamenta intes-
tinorum.
DIACHORESIS, Excretion.
DIACIIRI.SrS, Inunction.
DL\CIIRIST'A, from liia, and XPi''^> ' I anoint.'
Medicines, applied as abstergents to the velum
paliiti, the palate itself, the tongue, <fcc. Pro-
bably gargles. — Paulus of ^gina.
DIACU'YLON, Diach'ylnm, Emplan'triim dla-
ach'yliin, from iia, and X"^"^' 'juice;' i. e. com-
posed of juices. The plaster of this name was
fiirmcrly made of certain juices. The term is
now confined to the Emplastuum Plumbi or
Lend I'luHter.
DiACHVLoy CUM GuMMi, Eraplastrum gummo-
8um — (/. Uomnie, Emplastrum cum gummi-resinis
— d. Gum, Emplastrum gummosum — d. Magnum
cum gummi, Emplastrum galbani comp. — d. Sim-
plex, Emplastrum plumbi — d. White, Emplastrum
plumbi — d. Yellow, Emplastrum gummosum.
DIACHYT'ICA, from Sta, and x^"^, 'I pow
out,' ' I melt.' Medicines which discuss tumours.
DIACINE'MA, from Sia, and kivcw, 'I move.'
A slight dislocation. — Celsus, Galen. A sub-
luxation.
DIACLASIS, Refraction.
DIAC'LYSIS, Diacb/s'miis, from iia, and k\v-
^iiv, ' to wash out.' Rinsing or cleansing — espe-
cially of the mouth.
DIACLYSMA, Gargarism.
DIACOCCYMELON, Diaprunum.
DIACODION, Syrupus papaveris.
DIACO'DIUM, Confec'tio ex Capit'ihiisPapav'-
tria, from Sta, and xuiita, 'a poppyhead.' (F.)
Diacode. The ancients had various forms for
preparing it. The Si/riip of Pojipies — Syni'piis
f'apac'erU seu Diaco'dion — is now substituted
fur it.
DIACOPE, Abscission, Dissection, Intersection.
DiAc'oPE, Eii'cnpe, from ita, and kotttliv, 'to
cut.' A cut, incision, fissure, or longtitudinal
fracture. When used, since Galen, it generiiUy
.signifies an oblique incision, made in the cranium
by a sharp instrument, without the piece being
removed. It is not now employed.
Diac'opE Cra'nif, Prcp.cie'io seu Dissec'tio
Cra'nii. Opening the head; and separation of
the bones of the cranium.
DIACOPR.E'GIA, from <^ia, /coirpoj, 'excre-
ment,' and aif, atyo;, ' a goat.' A name given,
in Blancard's Lexicon, to a medicine, composed
(if goat's dung, which the ancients praised in dis-
eases of the spleen, parotids, Ac.
Dr.\C'RISES, from ha, and Kptvoi, 'I separate.'
A class of diseases characterized by alterations
of secretion. — Gendrin.
D I AC R I 8 1 0 G' R APnV, Diacrixingmph'ia,
from haKpiaii, 'separation,' and Ypn<!>t). 'a descrip-
tion.' A description of the organs of secretion.
DIACRIT'ICA SIG'NA. Same etyraoi. Signs
by which one disease can be accurately discrimi-
nated from another . — differen'tial diaynu'sis.
DIACYDONITES, Cydoniatum.
DIADE'MA, Faacia cap'itia, Redimic' ulum ,
from &iabt(i), {iia, and iciv, 'to bind.') ' I bind
round.' A sort of bandage; advised in headach,
in which relaxation of the sutures was appre-
hended.— Forestus.
DIADERMIATRIA, Endermic method.
DIADEX'IS, Diad'oche, Metatopto'sis, from
6ia(5£;^of(a(, (Sta, and Scxoiiti, ' to take or receive.')
'I transfer,' 'I succeed to.' A transformatimi cif
a disease into another, differing from the former
both in its nature and seat.
DIADOCHE, Diadexis.
DIAD'OSIS, from ^taricoj^ii, 'to distribute.' In
some authors, it means the distribution of nutri-
tive matter over the whole body, — in other words,
nutrition ; whilst, in others, it is synonymous with
the remission or cessation of a disease.
DI^^DCE'US, from^j, 'double,' and a<3o(a, 'the
parts of generation.' A monster whose organs
of generation and urinary bladder are double. It
has only been observed in animals.
DI^'RESIS, from Siaipcw, (Sia, and aiptw, ' I
take away,') ' I divide,' ' I separate.' A division
or solution of continuity. A surgical operation,
which consists in dividing any part of the body.
H(B>norrh(uj"ia per dia>.' renin is hemorrhage owing
to separation or division of vessels.
Diuresis Unruly, Onychoptosis.
DI^RETICUS, Caustic.
DIJ3TA, Diet— d. Lactea, Galactodiaeta.
DIjETE'MA, has the same signification as
diet, with most authors. Galen gives it a more
extensive meaning, comprising, under it, what
constitutes Hygiene.
DI^TETICA, Dietetics.
DIAGNOSE, Diagnosticate.
DIAGNO'SIS, Digno'tio, Viagnos'tice, Depre-
hen'aio, from iia, and yiixixxKiji, 'I know.' Discri-
mination, (F.) Diagnose, Diagnostique. That part
of medicine whose object is the discrimination of
diseases, and the knowledge of the pathognomonic
signs of each. It is one of the most important
branches of general pathology.
DiAGNOsiis, Differential, see Diacritica signa.
DIAGNOS'TIC, Diacreti'vus, Diagnos'ticua ;
(F.) Difujnoaiiqne. Same etymon. A symptom
which is characteristic of a disease.
DIAGNOS'TICATE, — sometimes diagnoae.
To discriminate one disease or phenomenon from
another.
DIAGRY^DIUM, Convolvulus scammonia.
DlAGRYP'uTH CynONlA'TiyM, from diagrydium,
'scammon}',' and cydojiinw, 'quince.' A phar-
maceutical preparation, obtained by inspissating
and drying, by means of heat, two parts ofacani-
mnny, and one of qninre juice. It was formerly
used as an energetic purgative.
DiAGRYD'iiur GLYCVRnIIrzA'T^^f. An analo-
gous preparation, containing extract of liquorice
in place of quince juice.
DiAGRvn'irM Si'LPnrRA'Trjf. Scamniony,
which has been exposed to the vapour of burning
sulphur. These diagrydia are not now used.
DIALEIPSIS, Apyrexia, Intermission.
DIALETPYRA, Intermittent fever.
DIALEMMA, Apyrexia.
DIALEP'STS. fntercep'tio, from Sinhifil^nvu. '1
intercept." — Hippocrates employs this word for
DIALIPSIS
292
DIAPHRAGMATIC
the interstices, or interval?, left between the turns
of a bandage.
DIALIPSIS, Apyrexia, Intermissio.
DIAL'YSIS, Dinsolii'tio, from ita, and Xrcis,
'solution.' A dissolution or loss of strength;
Jiesolii'tio vii-'ium. Weakness of the limbs.
Also, a solution of continuity.
DTA.)fANT, Diamond.
DIAMASTEMA, Masticatory.
DIAM'BR.^ SPE'CIES. A name given by
the ancients to powders, one of which bore tlie
name — Sjje'cies dinm'brcB sine odora'tis, — the
other, that of Spe'cies dium'bras cnm odorn'tis.
The/orwer was composed of cinnamon, angelica
root, cloves, mace, nutmeg, galanrja, cardaniont,
and numerous other substances; the latter, be-
sides, had ambergris and musk. These powders
were used as tonics, in cases of debility of the
stomach, and in certain nervous affections.
DIAMETERS OF THE PELVIS, see Pelvis.
DIAMNES, Enuresis.
DI'AMOND, Ad'amas, (from a, privative, and
fajjidii), 'I conquer.') 'Invincible;' (F.) Diamant.
So called from its hardness. It is the most pre-
cious of all stones, and was formerly conceived
to possess extraordinary cordial virtues.
DIAMO'RUM, Rob ex maris, from Sta, and
/J(l)^)o^, 'a mulberry.' An ancient syrup prepared
with honey and mulberry juice. It was employed
as a gargle in sore throat. — Galen.
DIAMOTO'SIS, from ^otoj, ' charpie,' ' lint.'
The introduction of lint into an ulcer or wound.
DIANA, Argentum.
DIANANCAS'MUS, from Sia, and avay^a^oy,
' I force.' Coaptation, reduction of a fractured
or luxated limb.
DIANOEMA, Imagination.
DIAN'TIIUS CARYOPIIYL'LUS, from Aif,
At(j{, 'Jove.' [?] av^ai, ' flower,' and caryophyllam,
' the clove.' Clore Pink. Also called Cari/o-
phyl'lam rnbruni, Ta'nicn, T. horten'sis sen rubra,
Caryophyl'lus horten'sis, Clove July flower, GiV-
llftower, Oarna'tion, (So.) Jcroffleris, Gerajlouris.
Order, Caryophylleae. (F.) (Elllet girofle'e. The
flowers were once much used; but are now only
employed in syrup, as a useful and pleasant
vehicle for other medicines.
DIAPAL'MA, Phoenic"ium Emplas'trum. A
plaster composed of equal parts of litharge, olive
oil, axunge, water, a certain quantity of sulphate
of zinc dissolved in water, and white lonx. It is
classed amongst the topical, desiccative, emol-
lient, resolvent, detersive, and cicatrizing medi-
cines. Mixed with a quarter of its weight of
olive oil, it acquires the consistence of an oint-
ment, and forms the Cerate of Diapal'ma.
DIAPASMA, Catapasma.
DIAPEDE'SIS, Transuda'tio, Peranda'tio,
Persnltn'tlo, from ^lairiy^ao), [&ia, and itn&au},) 'I
leap through.' Exhalation, as of blood, in the
form of dew, at the surface of the skin, or of any
membrane ; Sweating of blood, (F.) Sueur de Sang,
B'(Bmorrhag"ia per diapede'sin, Hmmatopede'ais,
Hamidro'sis.
DIAPENSIA CORTUSA, Sanieala.
DIAPEN'TES or DIAPENTE, from ha, and
TtvTti, 'five.' A medicine composed of five in-
gredients. See Diatessaron.
DIAPHCE'NICON, Diaphce'nix, Medlcamen'-
tum ex Pal' mulls, from ^la, and 0oivif, 0oiviicos, 'a
date.' A drastic electuary, of which the date was
the chief excipient.
DIAPHORE'SIS, from ita<t>npe>^ (i,a, and
0opcui, 'I convey,') 'I dissipate.' (Y.) Diapho-
rise. A greater degree of perspiration than natu-
ral, but less than in sweating. Every kind of
cutaneous evacuation.
DIAPIIORET'IC. Same etymon. Dinp,,,,'.
icns, Biaphorct'icus, (F.) Diaphoritiqne. A
medicine which excites diaphoresis. Diiiphore-
tics are very uncertain as a class. The following
is a list of the most reputed : — Ammoniic Acetaiis
Liquor; Animoniic Carbonas ; Antimonialis pul-
vis; Antimonii et Potassaj i'artras ; Antiiuoiiii
Sulphuretum pr;v!cipitatum ; Asclepias tuberosa;
Cainphora; Contrayerva; Dulcamara; Eupato-
rium perfol latum ; Guaiaci Lignum ; Guaiaciini;
Ipecacuanha; Mczereum ; Opium, and its active
principle Morphia; Sarsaparilla ; Snssafrns; Sor-
pentaria; Spiritus iEtheris Nitrici ; Sulpliur;
Xanthoxyluui; Caloric; Exercise, (active;) ami
Friction.
The epithet Diaphoretic has also been given,
by some, to continued fever, accompanied with
constant perspiration.
Diaphoretic, Mineral, Antimonium dinpho-
reticum.
DIAPIIORETICUM JOVIALE, see Anti-
hectic.
DI'APIIRAGM, Diaphray'ma, Dliqihrni'ln,
Resplrato'rium Veutris, Dlscreto'rinni, I'hreiiex,
Septum tnnisver'sum, Discri'men Tliorn'cis it
Ventris, Dhce]>tum, Cine'tus, Dlazo'ma, Pra-
cinc'tus, DIazos'mn, Diazos'tra, Jlypezo'cus, IIi/-
pozo'ma, Perizo'ma, DIssep'tum, DIsslp'lum, Pr,i'-
cor'dia, Succln'gens membrn'na seu niiin'riiliiH,
Succinc'tus, Succinctti'ra, the Midriff, (Prov.)
Ifeart-Hcirts, from 6ta, 'between,' and fpunaijj, 'I
close.' A large, azygous muscle ; stretched trans-
versely between the thoracic and abdominal cii-
vities, which it separates from each other; tendi-
nous in the centre; thin, almost circular, anil un-
equally convex, upwards. It is fleshy at its cir-
cumference, which is attached to the cartilnfjo
ensiformis, to the last six ribs, to the aponeurosis
stretched from the last rib to the transverse pro.
cess of the first lumbar vertebra ; and, lastly, to
the bodies of the first three or four lumbar verte-
brae. When it contracts, its fibres become strai.!,'lit,
the chest is enlarged, and the abdomen dimin-
ished. It is then an inspiratory muscle. It may,
also, diminish the capacity of the chest, and l>c
an expiratory muscle. The muscle plays an im-
portant part in sighing, yawning, coughing, sneez-
ing, laughing, sobbing, crj'ing, hiccoughing, sing-
ing, vomiting, and excretion of the faeces and
urine, the expulsion of the foetus, <fec.
DIAPHRAGMA AURIS, see Tympanum-d.
Cerebri, Tentorium — d. Narium, Septum nariura
— d. Ventriculorum lateralium cerebri, Septum
lucidum.
DIAPHRAGMAL'GIA, Dinphrngmnt(d',iio,^
from Sta(ppayna, liia<)>payiiaTOi, ' the cliaphragiu,'
and a\yos, 'pain.' Pain in the diaphragm.
DIAPHRAGM ATA LGIA, Diaphragrnalgia.
DIAPHRAGMAT'IC, Biaphragmal'Icns, (F.)
DIaphragmatique. Belonging to the diaphragm.
A name given to several vessels and nerves.
Diaphragmat'ic or Phrexic Ar'teries. These
are distinguished into superior and inferior. The
former, called, also, sujiradlaphragmiil'lr, are
two in number, one on each side. They arise from
the internal mammary, and descend along the
phrenic nerve, to be distributed on the upper
surface of the diaphragm. The latter or infra-
diaphragmat'ic are also two in number. They
arise from the upper part of the abdominal aorta,
or from the coeliac artery, and divide into two
principal branches, which are distributed on the
lower surface of the diaphragm and in its sub-
stance.
The superior diaphragmat'ic veins follow the
same course as the arteries, and empty them-
selves— the riyht, into the vena cava superior;
DIAPIIRAGMATITIS
293
DIARTHRODIAL
the left, into the corresponding subclavian vein.
The two inferior diaphragmatic veins open into
the vena cava inferior.
Diaphragmat'ic IIkr'nia, Phrenic Hernia,
DiapltniijiiKildce'le. The abdominal viscera are
occasionally protruded through the diaphragm,
either through some of the natural apertures in
the muscle, or through deficiencies, or wounds,
or lacerations in it.
Diaphragmat'ic or Phhenic Nerves, Inter-
nal respiratory of Sir Charles Bell, are two in
number; one on the left side, the other on the
right. They arise from the second and third
nerves of the cervical plexus, about the middle
«f the neck, and receive two or three filaments
from the brachial plexus, after which they de-
scend into the chest at the sides of the pericar-
dium, and are distributed on the diaphragm.
Diaphuagmat'ic Plex'uses are two in num-
\ier; one right, and the other left. They arise
from the upper part of the solar plexus, by a
small numl)er of branches, which are distributed
to the diaphragm, following exactly the branches
of the inferior diaphragmatic arteries.
DiAl'llRAGStAT'lC Ring, (F.) Anneau diaphrag-
ninliiiue of Chaussier, is a name given to the
irregularly quadrilateral aperture by which the
vena cava inferior passes through the diaphragm.
DIAPIIRAGMATITIS, Diaphragmitis.
DIAPIIRAGMATOCELE, see Hernia.
DIAPIIRAGMI'TIS, from bia<!>j,ayixa, 'the dia-
phragm,' and itis, a suffix denoting inflamma-
tion. Diaphragmali'tis, lujlamma'tlo septi trani-
rer'«i, Parnphreni'tis, Empretnia Pleuri'tin Dia-
phragmat' ica, Paraphrene'iia Diaphraginat'ica,
Inflammation of the Di'aphragm. The terms,
I'araplireni'tis and Paraphrene'sin have been
obtained from the Peripatetic philosophy, which
supposed the seat of the <ppiiv or soul to be the
praicordia. The essential symptoms of diaphrag-
mitis are : — painful constriction around the prae-
cordia, with small, quick, laborious breathing. It
is a rare disease.
DIAPIIRATTON HYMEN, Mediastinum— d.
Meiubrana, Mediastinum.
DIAPIIRAXIS, Diaphragm.
DIAPII'TIIORA, Destruc'tio, from !>ia, and
ifi^nficiv, 'to corrupt.' Corruption in general;
more especially corruption of the foetus in utero.
— Hippocrates. Also, corruption of the blood in
the stomach. — Galen. See Abortion.
DIAPHYLACTIC, Prophylactic.
DIAPII'YSIS, from iia^tu), 'I rise between.'
Jiiterstit"ium. Discriniina'lio : 'an interstice, in-
terval, division.' Any thing that separates two
bodies. Also, the middle part or body of a long
bone. Corpus Ossia. One of the ligaments of the
knee. — Hippocrates, Pare.
DIA'PIA. Some lexicographers use this word
synonymously with Diapyesis or Suppitratios,
others have employed it in opposition to Myopia.
DIAPLASIS, Conformation, Reduction.
DIAPLASMUS, Conformation, Reduction.
DIAPXEUSIS, Perspiration.
DIAPNOE, Perspiration.
PIAPNCEA, Perspiration.
PIAPNOGEXOUS APPARATUS, see Per-
spiration.
DIAPNOICUS, Diaphoretic.
DI APOPHYSES, Transverse processes of the
vertebrae.
DIAPORE'MA. An.xiety, jactitation; from
iiavopcw, ' I doubt.'
DIAPRU'NUM, Biacocci/ine'lon. A purgative
electuary, of which the pulps of prunes and rhu-
barb formed the basis. By adding to the dia-
prunum sim2)lex a 24th part of powdered scam-
mony, the Diaprn'num resotnti'iinn seu conipoa'-
itiim was formed. It was more active than the
former.
DIAPYEMA, Empyema, Suppuration.
DIAPYESIS, Suppuration — d. Oeuli, Hypo-
pyon.
DIAPYET'ICA, Dyaptye'mata, from hin-vtiiir,
iianvriaif, (ita, and rruov, 'pus,') 'suppuration.'
Medicines which promote suppuration.
DIAPYETICUS, Suppurative.
DIARiE'MIA, (P.) Diarimie, from iia,
'through,' pea>, 'I flow,' and 'atfia, 'blood.' A
pathological condition, said to be common in
sheep, in which the globules of the blood are di-
minished in quantity ; the blood itself thinner,
and transuding through the coats of the vessels
into the cavities. — Delafore.
D TAR EM IE, Diara-mia,
DIARIA, Ephemera.
DIARRHAGE, Fr.acture.
DIARRH(E'A, from &ia, 'through,' and ptu,
' I flow.' Enterorrhce'a, Incontinen'tid nhi, A/ri
pro/ill' vium seu Jlnjcua aquo'sus, Ventris projiu'-
vinyn, Coeliorrhoe'a, Cop.liol'ysis, Alvna cilu, Caca-
to'ria, Coprorrhve'a, Oatar'rhus intestina'lis, Alfi
fluxua, Itheuma, Epiph'ora Alvi, Flnrns alci'nna,
Lax'itae alci, Dejlnx'io, Lax, Looneness, J'lirgiiig,
Scouring, (Sc.) Scour, (Prov.) Pay, Scnttcr,
Skitter, (F.) Diarrhfe, Devoicment, Catarrhe ii,-
testinal. Flux de Ventre, Cours de Ventre, Con-
rante. A disease characterized by frequent liquid
alvine evacuations, and generally owing to in-
flammation or irritiition of the mucous membrane
of the intestines. It is commonly caused by
errors in regimen, the use of food noxious by its
quality or quantity, Ac, constituting the Ltiar-
rha'a atercora'ria. D. Crapulo'sa of writers. It
may be acute or chronic. Many varieties have
been made by some nosologists — e. g. mucous, —
Diarrhoe'a viuco'sa, Blennoche'nia, Jilennoclie'kia,
Mycodinrrhae'a ; bilious, — fleo-cholo'sia, Diar-
rhoe'a biiio'sd ; serous, — Hydroche'zia, Hydrodi-
arrhoe'a, Orrhoche'zia ; dependent upon the
matters evacuated. Diarrhoea requires diflerent
treatment, according to its nature. If caused, as
it often is, by improper matters in the intestinal
canal, these must be evacuated ; and the astrin-
gent plan of treatment must not be adopted, unless
the discharges seem kept up by irritability of tho
intestines, or unless they are colliquative. The
indiscriminate use of astringents is to be depre-
cated.
A very fatal diarrhoea prevails amongst the
native inhabitants of India, to which Mr. Tytler
has given the name Diarrhce'a hcc'tica, because,
like hectic fever, it seems to obtain habitual pos-
session of the constitution, to operate upon it
with scarcely any perceptible intermission, and,
in general, to defy the most powerful remedies.
Diarrhcba Adiposa, Gras-fondure — d. cum
Apepsia, Lientery — d. Arthritica, Coeliagra — d.
Biliosa, see Diarrhoea — d. Carnosa, Dysentery —
d. Chylosa, Coeliacflux — d. Chymosa, Coeliac flu.x
— d. Crapulosa, see Diarrhoea — d. Cruenta, Ihe-
matochezia — d. Dyspeptica, Lientery — d. Hepa-
tiea, Hepatirrhoea — d. Ingestorum, Lientery — d.
Lienteria, Lientery — d. Mucosa, see Diarrhoea —
d. Purulenta, Pyochezia — d. Sanguinolenta, H:vi-
matochezia — d. Stercoraria, see Diarrhoea — d. in
Urina, Diabetes — d. Urinosa, Diabetes.
DIARRHOIS'CHESIS. from Diarrhoea, and
axcii, ' arrest.' Arrest of a diarrhoea.
DIARTURO'DIAL, Diarthrodia'lis. Relating
DIARTHROSIS
204
DIASTOLE
to dijirthrosis or movable articulations ; as diar- \
ihro'dial arliculutiDn. Diarthro'dinl cartilages
or incnittiiig cartilages are the cartilages which
invest the articular extremities of bones.
DIARTHRO'SIS, from Stap^pow, (iia, and
updpoio.) ' I articulate.' Dearticula'tio, Prosar-
thro'nis, Aparthro'ais, Abarticula'tio, Cuarticula'-
tio, Pcrarticiilu'tio, Jiota'tio, (F.) Eiiibutture. A
movable articulation. One which permits the
bones to move freely on each other in every di-
rection, as in the case of the shoulder joint.
DIASATYR'ION, from ha, and anrvpiov, 'the
orchis tnascula.' An electuary, of which this
plant formed the basis. [?] — Myrepsus. The an-
cients attributed to it the faculty of exciting the
organs of generation.
DIASCINCI ANTIDOTUS, Mithridate.
DIASCOR'DIUM, from 6ia, and oKopiiov, 'the
•water germander.' An electuary, so called be-
cause this plant entered into its composition.
The Parisian codex had a formula for its prepa-
ration, under the title, Electtta'rinm opia'tum as-
trin'gens seu diascor'dium. (R. fol. scord. ^iss,
rosar. ruhr., bistort, rad., gentiauce, tormenliUeB,
eem. berber. aa Jss, zingib., piper, long, aa ^ij,
cassi(B lignecB, ciimamnm., dictanin. Crcteus., sty-
rac. calamit., gtdhaii., gum. acacicB aa ,^ss, bol.
oriental, prapnr. ^ij, extract, vinos, opii. ^\j, mel.
rosut. praep. Ibij, vin. hispan. tbss : fiat electua-
riuin.) In place of the sti/rax calaniita, the bal-
sam of tolu or benjamin may be used. The opium
is, in this preparation, in the proportion of 1 to
184. The diascordium is employed in diarrhoea
and dysentery, as a tonic, stomachic, and astrin-
gent. The common dose is from a scruple to a
drachm and a half. See Pulvis eretas ooui-
positus.
DIASOSTIC, Prophylactic.
DIASPASIS, Divulsio.
DIASPER'MATON, from ita, and airtpiia,
uTcpniiToi. The ancient name of two cataplasms,
composed of seeds. — Galen, Paulus.
DIASPHYX'IS, from r5ia, and (t^u^w, ' I strike,
I beat,' Pulse. Also, a violent beat of the
pulse.
DIASTAL'TIC, Diastal'ticus; from Ita,
'through,' and (rrtXAo), 'I send.' An epithet ap-
plied by Dr. Marshall Hall to the reflex or excito-
motory system of nerves ; because the actions
they induce are performed 'through' the spinal
marrow as their essential centre.
DTASTALTICUS, Diastolic.
DIASTASiE'MIA, (F.) Diastasfmie, from hiaa-
raati, 'separation,' and 'ai/za, 'blood.' A patho-
logical condition, characterized by a separation
of the elements of the blood globules ; — the fibrin
and albumen separating also from the colouring
matter, whilst the fibrin attaches itself to the
valves of the heart. — Delafore.
DIASTASE. Same etymon as Diastasis. A
vegetable principle, allied in its general proper-
ties to gluten, which appears in the germination
of barley and other seeds, and, by its presence,
converts the starch into sugar and gum.
DIASTASEMIE, Diastaseemia.
DI.\S'TASIS, from hia, and tarnpt, 'to place,'
' separation,' 'distance.' Dinste'ma, Dissiden'tia,
A separation of bones, and particularly of the
bones of the cranium, from each other; of the
radius from the ulna, and the fibula from the
tibia. The ancients used this word to designate
the three dimensions of tho body, — length,
breadth, and thickness; for the interval separat-
ino- the patient from the physician; the swelling
of varicose veins ; the time at which some change
occurred in disease, Ac.
DIASTEMA, Diastasis, Interstice.
DIASTEMATELYT'RIA, from ^ia<TrF,;in, 'in-
terstice,' and t^vrpuv, 'vagina.' An organic de-
viation, characterized by a longitudinal divisiion
or fissure of the vagina. — Bresehet.
DIASTEMATENCEPHA'LIA, from iiacrnjia,
and cyKC(paXos, ' the brain.' An organic deviatiim,
consisting in a longitudinal division of the brain.
— Bresehet.
DIASTEMA'TIA, from ila(!Tn^a. A term em-
ployed by Bresehet for an organic devinljon,
characterized by the presence of a fissure in tiio
mesial line of the body.
DIASTEMATOCAU'LIA, from itaarniia, and
(cauAos, ' trunk.' An organic deviation, charac-
terized by a longitudinal division of the trunk.
DIASTEMATOCHEI'LIA, from i,acT„pa, and
X^t^oi, 'the lip.' An organic deviation, consist-
ing in a longitudinal division or fissure of the
lip.
DIASTEMATOCRA'NIA, from haorri^n. and
Kfiaviov, ' the cranium.' An organic deviation,
consisting in a longitudinal division of the cra-
nium.
DIASTEMATOCYS'TIA, from Siaarnpa, and
(fvoTtf. ' bladder.' An organic deviation, charac-
terized by a longitudinal division of the urinary
bladder.
DIASTEMATOGAS'TRIA, from itaar^pia. and
yaarrtp, 'the stomach.' An organic deviation,
characterized by a longitudinal division of the
stomach.
DIASTEMATOGLOS'SIA, from !itacTr,pa, and
Y^waaa, 'tongue.' An organic deviation, charac-
terized by a longitudinal division or fissure of the
tongue.
DIASTEMATOGNA'THIA, from iiaamija,
and yvaOos, 'jaw.' An organic deviation charac-
terized by a longitudinal division of the jaw.
DIASTEMATOME'TRIA, from iiacrwa, and
Pirpa, 'womb.' An organic deviation, charac-
terized by a longitudinal division or fissure of the
womb.
DIASTEMATOPYEL'IA, from !na<jTt,i>a, and
jrvtXos, 'pelvis.' An organic deviation, charac-
terized by a longitudinal division or fissure of
the pelvis.
DIASTEMATORA'CHIA, from haoTnpn, and
pa;^i5, ' spine.' An organic deviation, characte-
rized by a longitudinal division or fissure of the
spine.
DIASTEMATORHI'NIA, from liaarr^pa, and
piv, 'the nose.' An organic deviation, characte-
rized by a longitudinal division of the nose.
DIASTEMATOSTAPHYL'IA, from lincrripa,
and oTa(jiv\ri, ' uvul.a.' An organic deviation,
characterized by a longitudinal division of the
uvula.
DIASTEMATOSTERN'IA, from ,^.am/in,«nJ
oTtpvov, 'the sternum.' An organic deviation,
characterized by a longitudinal division of the
sternum.
DIASTEMENTER'IA, from hanrvpa, nnd
tvTtpov, 'intestine.' An organic deviation, cha-
racterized by a longitudinal division of the in-
testine.
DIAS'TOLE, from haaTt\X>^, {iia and ffnWc,
'I send,') 'I dilate,' 'I open.' Jielaxn'tio tea
Remis'sio cordis et arteriu'rum. Dilatation of
tho heart and arteries, when the blood enters
their cavities. It is tha opposite movement to
systole, in which the heart and arteries contract
DIASTOLEUS
295
DIDYMUS
to semi forth the blood. Dianlole and tyalole are,
conseijuently, successive movements. Diantole,
Mdlua cordis diastal'ticus, occurs simultaneously
in the two ventricles. The almost inappreciable
time, which elapses between the diastole and
systole has been called pen'si/g'tole, and that
which succeeds to the diastole, peridiantole.
When we speak of the cotitmction or synUde of
the heart, as well as of its diastole or dilttUition,
we mean that of the ventricles. This dilatation
is active.
DIASTOLEUS, Dilator.
DIAS'TOLIC, Dinstol'icua, DiastaVticus ;
same etymon. Belonging to the diastole of the
heart — as 'diastolic impulse of the heart.'
Diastolic Impulse of the Heart, see Im-
pulse, diastolic.
DIASTOMO'TRIS, from Siaaroitooi, (Sia, and
(Tro//a, ' mouth.') 'I dilate an aperture.' Dihit-
ing instruments, such as the different kinds of
specula for the mouth, anus, vagina, &c.
DIAS Til EMMA, Distortion, Perversion,
Sprain.
DIASTROPHE, Distortion, Perversion,
Sprain.
DIAT'ASIS, Dieten'sio, from iiarttvoj, (5ja,
and r£(i/u, ' I stretch,') ' I distend.' Tension.
The reduction of a fracture by extension and
counter-extension,
DIATES'SARON, from^ia, and rcaaapti, 'four.'
An electuary, into the composition of which en-
tered four medicines ; viz. the roots of gentian,
aristiihchia rotunda and bay -berries, each ^^ij.
honey tbij. The whole was incorporated with
extract of jnniper. The diopentes is nothing
more than this electuary, mixed with two ounces
of ivory shavings. The diatensaron is tonic, and
it was formerly employed in cases of stings and
bites of venomous animals. It was regarded as
emmenagogue, alexiterial, and alexipharmic.
DIATII'ESIS, from haTiertjii, (Sta, and ri9r,;jt,
'to place,') 'I dispose.' Disposition, constitu-
tion, affection of the body : predisposition to cer-
tain diseases rather than to others; — (F.) Immi-
nence morbide. The principal diatheses, men-
tioned by authors, are the cancerous, scrofulous,
scorbutic, rheumatic, gouty and calculous.
Diathesis HjiMonuHoiDALis, see Haemor-
rhoids— J. Hemorrhagic, Hematophilia — d. Ner-
vosa, Nervous diathesis — d. Purulenta, see Pyo-
ha;mia — d. Rheumatic, see Rheumatic — d.
Sthenica, Sthenia.
DIATRAGACAN'THUS. A powder, com-
posed o{ gum tragacanth, ^ij, gum Arabic, ^j and
3ij, starch, ^ss, liquorice, {^ii}, as much of the
seeds of the melon, and white poppy ; seeds of the
water-melon, cuctimber, and gourd, and sugar
canity ^^iij. It was used as a demulcent.
DIATRESIS, Perforation.
DIATRIMMA, Chafing.
DIATRINSANTALON, see Diatrion.
DIATRI'ON, Diatri'um, from fia, and r/iciy,
'throe.' A medicine composed of three ingre-
dients. There were formerly two kinds. The
first was called Diatri'um Pipe'reon spe'cies, and
was formed of black and long pepper, aniseed,
thyme, and giu<)er. It was highly stimulating.
The second species was known under the name,
Biatrinsan'lnlon, Diatri'um Santalo'rum pulvis,
or Powder of the three Sanders. They were con-
Bidored diaphoretic.
DTATRITA'RTT. The Methodists were so
rnllcd, who pretended to cure all diseases by
subjecting the patients to treatment ever- third
d:iy.
DIAT'RITOS. Relating to every third day,
and the means then used by the Methodists to
cure disease.
DIAZOMA, Diaphragm.
DIAZOSMA, Diaphragm.
DIAZOS'TER, from Sta^uivfvm, {6ia, and (wv-
I'tjii, 'to gird,') 'I surround.' The twelfth ver-
tebra of the back, because it corresponds to the
girdle, ^wtmjp.
DIAZOSTRA, Diaphragm.
DIBOTHRIUM LATUM, Bothriocephalus
latus.
DICEN'TRA CANADEN'SIS, Cory'dalis Ca-
naden'sis, (Sts, 'twice,' and KevTpov, 'a spur.')
Squirrel corn, Colic weed. Family, Fumariaccsp.
An indigenous plant, growing from Maine to
Wisconsin, which flowers in May, the flowers
having the odour of hyacinths. It has been
given internally in syphilis, and applied exter-
nally in syphilis and gonorrhoea.
DICEPHALIUM, Bicephalium.
DICEPH'ALUS, Biceph'alus, Derod'ymus et
lod'ymus, Janus, from it, 'double,' and Kc<pa>i)i,
'head.' A monster with two heads.
DICERAS RUDIS, Ditrachyceras nidis, see
Worms.
DICHALCON. A weight, equal to a third
part of the obolus.
DICHOPIIY'IA, from a«;^'a, ' double,' and <;>«»,
'I grow.' A disease of the hairs, in which they
split and grow forked.
DICHROMOS, Verbena officinalis.
DICIATRIA, Medicine, legal.
DICLIDOSTO'SIS, from iiKhf, 'a double
door,' and oo-Two-if, 'ossification.' Ossification of
valves — as of the heart.
DICLIS, Valve.
DICOR'YPHUS, D/cra'iiHs, from Si, 'double,'
Kopvipri, 'the crown of the head.' A monster with
a double vertex or cranium.
DiconypHus Dihypogastrius, Hemipages.
DICRANUS, Dicoryphus.
DI'CROTUS, Bisfer'iens, from ^lf, 'twice,' and
KpoTtui, 'I strike.' An epithet given to the pulse,
when it seems to beat twice as fast as usual. It
is synonymous with the term rebounding, the
artery rebounding after striking, so as to con-
vey the sensation of a double pulsation. It has
been considered, and with truth, to frequently
foretell hemorrhage. In bad cases of typhus, it
certainly announces such a tendency.
DICTAMNE, Dictamnus albus — <f. de Crlte,
Origanum dictamnus.
DICTAM'NUS ALBUS, from Dictamnus, a
town in Crete; D. Fraxinel'la, Fraxinetla, F.
Dictamnus, White Fraxinel'la, Bastard Dittany,
(F.) Dictamne, Fraxinelle. The fresh root has
been considered nervine, anthelmintic, and em-
menogogue. It is not used.
Dictamnus Creticus, Origanum dictamnus —
d. Fraxinella, Dictamnus albus.
DICTYITIS, Retinitis.
DICTYON, Rete.
DIDELPHYS, Dihysteria.
DIDYMAL'GIA, from (5i^«^oi, 'the testicles,'
and aXyof ' pain.' Pain m the testicles.
DIDYMIS, Epididymis.
DIDYMITIS, Hernia humoralis.
DIDYMOS. Gemellus.
DIDYMUS, Testicle — d. Symphyogastrius,
Gastrodidymus — d. Symphyohypogastrius, Hy-
DIECBOLION
20 0
DIET
po]s;a?trodulynius — d. Syinphyoperinaeus, Pygo-
di<lyinus — d. Sympbyothoracogastrius, Thoiaco-
gastrodidyinui'.
DIECliuL'ION, from 6ia, and £if)3<iXXu), 'I cast
out.' A name given, by the ancients, to a remedy
which they believed capable of producing abor-
tion.
DIERENBACH, MINERAL WATERS OF.
I'ierenbafh is a city in Bavaria, two leagues from
wliich is a sulphurous spring.
DIERVIL'LA TRIF'IDA, D. Catiaden'sis
few titliK, Bmh houeysuchle. An indigenous
]ilant of the Honeysuckle tribe — Lonicert'se. Ord.
Caprifdliaceit — whoso flowers appear from June
to August. It has been used as a diuretic ; and
in gonorrhoea and syphilis.
DIES, Hemcra, A dai/, (F.) Jour. The day
is, properly, the period during which the solar
light illumines our horizon : but commonly, also,
we designate by the word d<iy the period of 24
hours or Nycthe'mervn, whicli is frequently di-
vided into four parts — morning, midday, evening,
and midnight. In antiquity, great importance
was attached to the observation of days in dis-
ease. The medical day is usually reckoned at
24 hours, — universally, in estimating the duration
of a disease. In parts of the United States, it
comprises only the time when the sun is above
the horizon, ns regards the adtninistrntion of
medicine, so that if a medicine be ordered to bo
taken four times a day, it is understood to mean
during the 12 hours of day.
DiKS Canicl'i.ahks, see Canicula — d. Contem-
plabiles. Critical days — d. Contcmplantcs, Indi-
cating days — d. Critici, Critical days — d. Dccre-
torii, Critical days — d. Indicantes. Iiidicnting
days — d. Indicatorii. Indicating days — d. Indices,
Indicating days — d. Intcriiuntii, Critical days
d. Judicatorii, Critical days — d. Radicales, Criti-
cal days.
DIET, Bice'la, Biate'ma, ViclCis Ihi'tio, (F.)
IJiete. Originally, this word signified nearly the
same thing as Jlyyieiie and Jieyhiien, — tiiat is,
Diet was the employment of every thing neces-
sary for the preservation of health and life. At
the present day, it signifies a parliculnr kind of
food, and, at times, a privation of IVkkI and drink ;
— abstinence. To i)ut any one upon diut, (F.)
meltre qnelqn'vn a /« diete, means to deprive him
of his usual nourishment: — tnilk diet means a
diet of milk, &c. See Aliment, Dietetics, Hy-
giene, and Regimen.
Every well regulated hospital has certain diete-
tic regulations. The following Table of Dietary
shows the particular regimen that has been se-
lected for the sick, in certain hospitals.
DIET-TABLE OF DIFFERENT HOSPITALS OF GREAT BRITAIN, IRELAND, AND
THE UNITED STATES.
I. ENGLAND.
London Hospitals.
1. London HoHjntnl.
\
COMMON DIET.
SnDDLE DIET.
LOW DIET.
MILK DIET.
—
(
12 or Bread.
Per Bay I
1 pint Porter, 3fen.
k pint do., Women.
8 oe. Bread.
12 oz. Bread.
Breakfast
Gruel.
|8 02. Beef, with Po-
tatoes, thrice a
week.
8 07.. Mutton, with
The same, except
that 4 oz. of Meat
shall be triven in-
Gruel.
Gruel.
Dinner
Potatoes, twice a
week.
8 oz. Potatoes and
Soup, with vegeta-
stead of 8 oz.
Broth.
1 pint Milk.
bles, twice a week.
Supper
1 pint of Broth.
Gruel or Broth.
1 pint Milk.
1
2. St.
Bartholomew's Hospital.
COMMON DIET. BROTH DIET.
THIN OR FEVER DIET.
MII.K DIET.
Milk Pon-idge.
Milk Porridire.
Milk Porridge.
12 oz. Bread.
12 oz. Bread.
12 07,. Pread.
6oz. Mutton or Beef.
1 pint of Milk, with
2pts. Milk.wilhTa.
1 pint Broth [with Milk Porridge.
Tay)ioca, Arrow
pioca, Arrow-root,
Peas or Potatoes, 12 oz. Bread.
root, Sago, orRice.
Sago, or Rice, "S
Daily -j
4 times a week.] .2 pints Broth.
as may be pre-
may be prescribed.
2 pints Beer, Men. |1 pint Beer.
scribed.
Bark'V water.
1 pint, Wonirn, ,1 oz. Butter.
Barley water.
1 oz. Butter.
l^z. Butter, twice a
Bre!»,d Pudding,
week.
three times a week,
when ordered.
DIET
297
DIET
3. Si. Thomas's Hospital.
Diiily
FULL WET.
MILK DIET.
DRlf DIET.
FEVER DIET.
2 pints Beer; 14 oz.
Hroad.
12 oz. Bread.
14()z. Bread, 2 pints
Beer.
12 oz. Bread; two
pints Beer. i
lirKukfuHt . . . .
Water Uruel.
1 pint Milk.
Water Gruel.
Water Gruel.
|i lb. of Boff when dress-
1 pint Milk, 4 times
4 07.. Butter, 4 times
i lb. Beef, for teiu
ed, twice a week; 4o/..
a week.
a week ; RicePud-
Dinner
Butter, or 6 oz. of
Cheese, thrice a week ;
i lb. Mutton when
boiled, thrice a week.
RiceP»dding,tbriee
a week.
ding and 4 o/,.
of Butter, three
times a week.
•
Supper
1 pt. Broth, 4 times a
1 pint Milk.
week.
4. St. George's IfoHpiftil.
EXTRA DIET.
ORDINARY DIET.
FISH DIET.
FEVER DIET. | BROTH DIET.
MILK DIET.
12 OZ. Bread.
12 oz. Bread.
12 OZ. Bread.
12 oz. Bread. ,12 oz. Bread.
12 oz. Bread.
Men.
1 pint Beer.
Barley Water
•
Daily •!
2 pints Beer.
ad libitum.
\ Wiiinrn.
li pint Beer.
RreahfuHt .
1 pint Tea.
i pint Milk.
' 42 oz. Meat,
1 pint Tea.
i pint Milk.
1 pint Tea
i pint Milk.
1 pint Tea.
i i)int Milk.
1 pint Tea.
i pint Milk.
1 pint Tea.
i pint Milk.
1 roasted
4 oz. of plain
Arrow-root
1 pint Broth
li pint Rice.
1 (weighed
One-half of
boiled white
Ac, must be
6 oz. light
Milk four
with the bone
the meat al-
fish (as Whi-
specially di-
Pudding.
days.
Dinner.. . . ■{
1 before it is
lowed for ex-
ting, Plaice,
rected.
! dressed) four
tra diet.
Flounders, or
i lb. Bre.id or
days.— boiled :
i lb. Potatoes.
Haddock.)
Rice Pudding
three days, i
three days.
^ lb. Potatoes.
Supper....
Il pint (iruel.
1 pint Gruel.
1 pint Gruel.
1 pint Tea.
1 pint Gruel.
i pint Milk.
li pint Milk.
i pint Milk. |i pint Milk.
i pint Milk.
i pint Milk.
5. Guy's Hospital.
1
r
FL'LL DIET.
MIDDLE DIET.
LOW DIET.
MILK DIET. 1 FEVER DIET.
14 oz. Bread.
12 oz. Bread.
12 oz. Bread.
12 oz. Bread. 6 oz. Bread.
H oz. Butter.
li oz. Butter.
1 oz. Butter.
1 oz. Butter. 1 oz. Butter.
Daily . \
Iqt. Table Beer.
1 pt. Table Beer.
Tea and Sugar.
2 pints Milk. Tea and Sugar.
8 oz. Meat, when
4oz. Meat, when
dressed.
dressed, and
Haifa pound of Beef, (for Beef-tea.) or Arrow-
J pint Broth.
root or Sago, when ordered.
For
each Diet, Gruel <
ir Barley-water, as reriuired.
6. Wcntininster Hospital.
FULL DIET.
MIDDLE DIET. LOW DIET.
SPOOX, OR
FEVER DIET.
INCURABLES'
DIET.
Fixed.
Casual.
Daily '14 oz. Bread. jlO oz. Bread.
i lb. Bread.
—
j lb. Bread.
5 lb. Bread.
i lb. Meat.
i lb. Potatoes.
i pint Milk.
1 pint Porter.
f
1 pint Milk |l pint Milk
1 pint Tea,
—
1 pint Tea.
Breakfast I
Porridge, or
Porridge, or
with Sugar
with Sucrar
\
Rice Gruel.
thin Gruel.
and Milk.
an<l Milk.
Dinner , ,
I lb. INfpnt,
roasted, boiled,
or chops.
^ lb. Meat,
roasted, boiled,
or chops.
Xo fi.xed Diet
for Dinner.
1 pint Broth,
or i lb. of
Broad, or Rice
Puddins. or
Barley Water.
} lb. of Pota-:j lb. of Pota-
Ipt. Beef Tea,
1 toes.
toes.
or a Chop,
or Fish.
( 1 pint Milk
1 pint Milk
1 pint Tea,
—
1 pint Tea,
Supper . . i Porridge, or
Porridge, or
with Sugar
with Sugar
( Rice (iruel.
thin Gruel.
and Milk.
and Milk.
19
DIET
208
DIET
7. Middlesex Honpital.
DLSTA CARNI8,
DLETA JUSCDU,
DLSTA LACTIS,
DL£TA SIMPLEX,
OR
OR
OR
OR
CANCER BtllT.
Daily
MEAT DIET.
SOUP DIET.
MILK DIET.
SIMPLE DIET.
12 oz. Bread.
12 oz. Bread.
12 oz. Bread.
6 OZ. Bread.
12 07.. Bread.
A lb Meat.
i lb. Potatoc!--.
•
1 pint Milk.
Breakfast.
1 pint Milk.
1 pint Milk.
1 pint Milk.
1 pint Barley-
water.
Physician's Patients.
1 pint Soup,
i pint of Milk
1 pint Gruel.
i lb. of Potatoes, 4 oz.
made with 4
with Rice-pud-
dressed meat, ( beef or
oz. Beef, alter-
ding, 4 daj's,
mutton,) roast and
nately with 1
and witli Bat-
boiled alternately, 4
pint of Broth
ter-pudding, 3
days.
with Barley.
days.
Dinner . ■
4 oz. Meat in Soup, 3
days.
Wiirgeon's Patients.
1 lb. of Potatoes, 4 oz.
dressed meat, (beef or
mutton,) roast and
boiled alternately.
1 pintdruel alternately
1 pint Gruel.
i pint Milk or
1 pint Gruel
Supper . i
with 1 pint of Barley-
1 pint Gruel.
or Barley-wa-
water.
ter.
8. North London Hospital.
Daily
FULL DIET.
MIDDLE DIET.
LOW DIET.
MILK DIET.
16 oz. Bread.
i pint Milk.
i lb. Meat and i lb.
Potatoes 4 days.
1 pt. Soup or Rice
3 days.
16 OZ. Broad.
i pint Milk.
1 pint Soup or
Rice.
8 oz. Bread.
i pint Milk.
Oatmeal for
Gruel.
17 oz. Bread.
2 pints Milk.
9. JCing's College Hospital.
Daily . . .
Breakfast
Dinner . .
Supper . .
1 pint Beer, or
i pint Porter.
14 oz. Bread.
1 pt. Milk Por-
ridge.
i lb. Meat.,
i lb. Potatoes.
1 pt. Milk Por-
rido-e.
MIDDLE DIET.
MILK DIET.
14 oz. Bread.
1 pt. Milk Por-
ridge.
J lb. iMeat.
i lb. Potatoes.
1 pt. Milk Por-
ridge.
1 lb. Bread.
1 pint Milk.
1 pint Milk.
1 pint Gruel.
LOW DIET.
8 oz. Bread.
1 pint Gruel.
1 pint Broth.
1 pt. Milk Por-
ridge.
FEVER DIET.
1 pint Gruel.
2 pints Barley-
water.
1 pt. Milk Por-
ridge.
10. Dreadnought Hospital Ship.
Breakfast.
Dinner . . .
Supper ■
l)int Tea.
11). Bread,
lb. Meat,
lb. Potatoes,
pints Beer,
(if ordered.)
1 pint Broth.
ORDINARY DIET.
Ditto.
Ditto,
i lb. Meat,
i lb. Potatoes.
1 pint Beer, (if
ordered.)
1 pint Broth or
Gruel.
Ditto.
i lb. Bread.
1 pint of Beef
Tea.
1 pint Gruel or
Milk, (if or-
dered.
MILK DIET.
Ditto.
1 lb. Bread.
1 pint Milk.
1 pint Milk.
Ditto.
Gruel.
Gruel or Bar-
ley-water.
DIET
299
DIET
HOSPITALS.
Liverpool.
ORDINARV DIET.
Breakfast.— A. pint milk porrid-e, breaded every morn'g
Dinuer.—{\, 5, T*) — Boiled beef and vegetables.— (2)
— Hice, milk, and bread.— (3)— Stewed beef and po-
tatocs.— (4)— Pea soup and bread.— (6)— Ale, sruel
and bread. ' a <
Supper. — A pint of broth and bread on Sunday and
Thursday. A pint of milk and bread on the other days.
i ULL DiKT. — The same as the ordinary diet.
BlUSTOL.
rilRMl^GnAM.
Revised 1819.
RreakfaHl.—0'a Sunday, Tuesday, Thursday, and Satur-
day, milk porridge; Monday, Wednesday, and Fri-
day, meat broth ; 12 oz. of bread on meat days ; 14
oz. on the other days.
Dinner.— {\, .3, 5)— Three-fourths of a pound of meat,
with vegetables; two pints of beer daily.— (2 4 6 7)
—A pint of gruel or pap. \ > > y J
Supper.— K wine pint of gruel of meal broth on Sun-
day; 2 oz. of cheese for the men, one-fourth of an oz.
of butter for the women, on Monday, Wednesday.
Friday, and Saturday.
Full Diet. — The patients have meat every day.
Drenkfast.—To each man a pint and a half of milk por-
ridge, with 4 oz. of bread added to it. To each wo-
man or child, one pint of milk porridge without
bread. To each patient 2 oz. of bread daily.
Dinner.— {I, ,3, 5)— To each man 8 oz. of baked or boiled
meat ; to each woman or child, 6 oz. To each patient,
6 oz. of vegetables, and one pint of beer daily.— (2)—
To each man, a quart of rice or barley broth, made
with a variety of vegetables ; to each woman or child,
one pint and a half. —(4)- Twelve ounces of boiled
nee or bread pudding. — (6) — Pour oz. of boiled or
baked meat, a pint of rice or barley broth, made with
a variety of vegetables.— (7)— Six oz. of baked rice
or bread pudding, or a pint of rice or barley broth,
made with a variety of vegetables.
Supper.— \ pint of brotl^, milk porridge, or gruel.
Full Diet. — Breakfast the same as in ordinary diet.
Dinner, 6 oz. of boiled or baked meat, 6 oz. of veo-e-
tables, 6 oz. of baked rice or bread pudding. Supplir,
the same as ordinary diet.
Ljw diet.
Consists throughout the
day of milk porridge,
common batter, or rice,
pudding.
The ale and beer are
bought.
Breakfast.— A wine quart
ofmilk porridge or milk.
Dinner. — A wine quart
of weak broth.
Supper. — The same as
breakfast, 14 oz. of
bread, and barley-wa-
ter for common drink.
20 bushels of malt, 15 lbs.
of hops to 14 gals, of
strong ale ; 21 bush, of
malt, and 12 pounds of
hops, to 360 gals, of
ale; 11 bush, of malt,
7 pounds of hops, to
360 gals, of small beer.
Breakfast. — The same as
ordinary diet.
Dinner. — A pint of broth
or rice milk, 6 oz. of
baked rice or bread
pudding to each pa-
tient every day.
Supper. — The same afi
ordinary diet.
ir. SCOTLAND.
Edinburgh.
Glasgow.
Breakfast. — One mutchkin of porridge, three gills of
milk or beer; or five and one-fourth ounces of fine
bread, milk or beer.
Z>(-H»er. — (1, 4) — One chopin of broth, 8 ounces of
butcher's meat boiled in the broth, or beef-steak ; five
and one-fourth ounces of bread. — (2, 5, 7) — A chopin
of broth made of beef and bones, barley, groats, pota-
toes, and vegetables; five and a-half ounces of bread.
— (3, 6) — Potato soup, with beef and veal, or bones:
bread as above.
Supper. — As the breakfast each day.
Full Diet. — At discretion.
At discretion.
Breakfaat. — UWk porridge, quantity not limited, with
half a mutchkin of sweet milk, or one mutchkin of
buttermilk or beer.
Dinner. — (\) — Broth made of barley, vegetables, and
the dripping of the meat roasted during the week,
with a quartern loaf to a man, and half to a woman.—
(2, 4)— Beef boiled : 8 oz. to the men, and 6 oz. to the
women ; a quartern loaf to a man. and half to a wo-
man,—or vegetables.— (3, 6)— Broth, made with beef,
barley, and vegetables ; a quartern loaf to men, and
half to women. — (5) — Potato soup, with cow heels,
bones, Ac —(7) — Six oz. of cheese to men, 4 oz. to
women ; bread as above.
Supper.— \s the breakfast each day.
Full Diet. — At discretion.
At discretion.
• The figures in parentheses denote the days of the week,"
DIET
800
DIET
III. IRELAND.
5. Hospitals
of House of
Industry.
Stei'Hkn's
Hospital.
Royal Hos-
pital, Phoe-
nix Park.
Richmond
Hospital.
Belfast
Hospital.
Cork Fever
Hospital.
Per diem. — Sixteen oz. of white broad, one quart of new
milk, and one quart of buttermilk for whey.
Full Diet. — Two ounces of bread 7?cr diem, one quart
of broth, one quart of new milk.
nrcahfost. — Half a pound of bread, one pint of milk.
Dinner. — (1, 2, .3, 5, 7) — One quart of soup, half a pound
of bread, or two pounds of potatoes ; one pint of milk
or beer. — (4, 6) — Twelve oz. of bread, one quart of
sweetened gruel.
Breakfast. — One pint of oatmeal or rice gruel.
Dinner. — Half a pound of meat, three-fourths of a pound
of bread ; one pound of potatoes.
Supper. — One pint of oatmeal or rice gruel.
Full Diet. — Three-fourths of a pound of meat, one
pound of bread, half a pound of potatoes, one quart
of beer.
Breakfast. — One quart of stirabout, one pint of new milk.
Dinner. — Bread, 8 oz. ; soup, 1 quart.
Supper. — Bread, 4 oz. ; new milk, one pint.
Full Diet. — Breakfast, bread, 8 oz. ; new milk, one
pint. — Dinner, bread, 8 oz. ; mutton or beef, 8 oz. —
Supper, bread, 4 oz. ; new milk, one pint.
Breakfast. — One pint of stirabout, one pint of new milk.
Dinner. — Haifa pound of bread, one pint of new milk.
Snpper. — One pint of flummery, one pint of new milk.
Full Diet. — Breakfast, one quart of stirabout, one pint
of new milk. — Dinner, 2 lbs. of potatoes, one pint of
milk. — Supper, one pint of flummery, one pint of new
milk.
Breakfast. — One half quartern loaf for every four, and
one pint of new milk each. Under 12 years, half a
quartern loaf for every eight.
Dinner. — (1, 3, 5) — One pound of beef, and two pounds
of potatoes, tinder 12 yeiirs, half a pound of beef,
and one pound of potatoes. — (2, 4, 6, 7) — Potatoes
and milk.
Supper. — One pint of milk and one of stirabout, for
adults ; half do. for children.
One pint of flummery ^er
diem, one qiuirtof new
milk, and one quart of
buttermilk for whey.
Daily, half a pound of
bread, two quarts of
new milk, and one
quart of buttermilk.
Breakfast. — Tea.
Dinner. — Half a poand
of bread made iuto pa-
nada or pudding.
Breakfast. — Flummery,
one pint; new milk,
one pint.
Supper. — Half a pound of
bread, one pint of milk.
Per diem. — Quarter of a
pound of bread, one
quart of gruel, three
pints of new milk, half
a pint of flummery.
Barley water at occa-
sions.
Breakfast. — One -fourth
of a lb. of bread, with
milk and water sweet-
ened.
Dinner. — Gruel, broth,
wine, and porter, as or-
dered by the physician.
IV. UNITED STATES.
Pennsylva-
nia Hospi-
tal, Philada.
Philadel-
phia
Hospital,
(Blockley.)
Nev York
Hospital,
N. York City.
Breakfast. — Tea, coff'ce; or chocolate, with sugar or mo-
lasses and milk, and common baker's bread at discretion.
Dinner. — Soup always; meat of two kinds — mutton and
beef, generally — pork frequently ; vegetables, accord-
ing to the season ; potatoes and rice, always.
Supper. — Tea and bread : no butter allowed either to
breakfast or supper, unless prescribed.
House Diet. — Arrow-root, gruel, sago, tapioca, rice,
beef tea, beef essence, chicken water, rice Wctter, bar-
ley water, gum water, flaxseed tea, lemonade. (The
diet on which the sick are placed on entering the
house until otherwise directed.)
Moderate Diet. — Tea, crackers, broth, rice, mush,
milk, potatoes, &c.
Full Diet. — Bread, coffee, tea, white meat, mutton,
beef, ham, eggs, butter, soup, potatoes, &c.
Breakfast. — Bread and black tea, one ounce of tea to
every six, and a pint of milk to every eight patients.
Dinner. — Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays, and Satur-
days, beef soup, with beef and potatoes, and bread.
On Mondays, boiled rice, with one gill of molasses.
Supper. — The same as breakfast.
Gruel, gum water, barley
water, and other arti-
cles prescribed by the
physician.
The kind and quantity
left to the physician.
The House Diet may be
regarded as low diet.
Special diet is directed
by the attending phy-
sician, and adapted to
each case.
DIET DRINK
301
DIGESTIBLE
The 7)i'cf Svale o/ the British N'avy allows from
31 to .'iji ounces of dry nutritious matter daily;
of which 26 ounces are vegetable, and the rest
nnimal — 9 ounces of salt meat, or 4i ounces of
fresh.
That of the Navy of the United States is as
follows : — Three (hiyn in the week — Pork, 16 oz. ;
heans or peas, 7 oz. ; biscuit, 14 oz. ; pickles or
cranberries, 1 oz. ; sugar, 2 oz. ; tea, J oz. ; — 40i
oz. Twd days in the week — Beef, 16 oz. ; flour,
8 oz. ; fruit, dried, 4 oz.; biscuit, 14 oz. ; tea and
sugar, 2i oz. ; pickles or cranberries, 1 oz. ; —
451 oz. Tiro days in the iceek — Beef, 16 oz. ;
rice, 8 oz. ; butter, 2 oz. ; cheese, 2 oz. ; biscuit,
14 oz.; tea and sugar, 2i oz. ; pickles or cran-
berries, 1 ()/,. ; — 45i oz.
In the Edinburgh workhouse the total allow-
ance of dry food is about 17 ounces — 13 ounces
vegetable, and 4 ounces aniuial. In the Edin-
burgh children's poor-house, the diet consists of
milk and porridge, barley broth and bread,
amounting to 13 ounces of vegetable food to 4
ounces of animal. These allowances have been
fnund ample for the maintenance of health. Per-
hiips the case of the smallest quantity of food on
which life was vigorous!}' supported was that of
Cornaro, — not more than 12 ounces a day, chiefly
of vegetable matter, for a period of 58 years.
DIET DRINK. A decoction or potion, va-
riously composed, and used in considerable quan-
tity, for the purpose of purifying the blood. The
Dicoc'tnin Lusilan'icnm or Liibon Diet-drink is
>ne of the most celebrated. See Decoctum Sar-
gaparillic Compositum.
Diet, Dry. A diet in which there is but a
small or no allowance of fluid.
DIETARY, TABLE OF, see Diet Scale.
DIETE, Diet.
DIETET'ICS, DicBtet'ice, Dicstet'icn, Medici'na
Diaitet'ica; same etymon. {¥.) Dietetique. A
branch of medicine, comprising the rules to be
followed for preventing, relieving, or curing dis-
eases by diet. Dietetics is diet administered ac-
cording to principle. It is an important part of
Hygiene. A well regulated system of diet has
great power in checking disease, and likewise in
preventing it. A proper knowledge of dietetics
is, indeed, as important as that of the Materia
Mcdiea, strictly so called.
Dietetics has been used, also, synonymously
with Hygiene.
DIErETIQUE, Dietetics.
DIETET'ISTS, DicRtetis'tm, (F.) Diititistea.
Physicians who apply only the rules of dietetics
to the treatment of disease.
DIEU-LE-FILT, MINERAL WATERS OF.
The waters of Dieu-le-filt, in France, are chaly-
beate, and much sought after.
DIEURYS.MUS, Dilatation.
DIEX'ODOS, from ^la, and tfo^of, 'an exit or
way out.' Di'odos. Any opening by which an
excretion takes place.
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS, see Diacri-
tica signa.
DIFFERENTIATION, Development.
DIFFICULTAS INTESTINORUM, Dysen-
tery.
DIFFLATIO, Perspiration.
DIFFORMITK, Deformation.
DIFFU'SIBLE, (stimulants) from diffundere,
(din, and fundere, fusiim, 'to pour,') 'to pour
apart or abroad.' Those stimulating medicines
are so called, which augment the action of the
vascular and nervous systems in an acute but
transitory manner.
DIGAS'TRICUS, from &ti, 'twice,' and yaan,p,
' a belly :' Biven'ter, B. Maxill'a, Dep' rimeus
Mnjcil'lcR Biven'ter, Bigas'ter, (F.) Mastiiidohyo-
gfnien, Mantd'ido-genien — (Ch.), Digastriqiic,
Abaieseur de In mnehoire inferieure. The name
JDif/antricHs was formerly given to several mus-
cles. It is now restricted to one of the muscles
of the superior hyoid region. The digastricus is
thick and fleshy at its extremities, thin and ten-
dinous at its middle. It is attached to the mas-
toid groove of the temporal bone, and to a fos-
sette at the side of the symphysis menti. Its
tendon passes through an aponeurotic ring, which
is attached to the os hyoides.
The use of the digastricus is to depress the
lower jaw, or to raise the os hyoides, and to carry
it forwards or backwards, as in deglutition.
The strong double-bellied muscle, which forms
the gizzard of birds, is also called Digastricut.
DiGASTRicns Chanii, Occipito-frontalis.
DIGASTRIQUE, Digastricus.
DIGENY, see Generation.
DIGERENTIA, Digestives.
DIGES'TIBLE, Concoc'tCts hah' His. Capable
of being digested. All food is not equally di-
gestible, and some of the most important is the
least so : — the fat of meat, for example. Certain
substances, again, are entirely rel)ellious. The
following table exhibits the time required for the
stomachal digestion of difl'ercnt alimentary sub-
stances, in a well-known case, which fell under
the care of Dr. Beaumont. The table is extracted
from the Author's Human Health, Pliiliidelphia,
1S44. The most digestible substances are taken
as the standard, which has been arbitrarily fixed
at 1000; and accordingly, aponeuri)s!n, the first
article in the table, requiring 3 hours, whilst
^xV/s' feet aouted, rice, &c., require but one, its
digestibility, compared with that of these ali-
ments, is placed as 333 to 1000; and so of thrt
others. It need scarcely be said, that all these
tabular results apply, in strictness, to the indi-
vidual concerned only; yet they afford useful
comparative views, which with exceptions de-
pending upon individual peculiarities, may be
regarded as approximations applicable to man-
kind in general.
DIGESTIFS
302
DIGITAL
Aliments.
Form of
prepara-
H c
Aponeurosis boiled
Apples, mellow !raw
Do sour, hard I do.
Do. sweet, mellow ....[ do.
Rarley boiled
Bass, striped, fresh [broiled
Beans, pod Iboiled
Do. and ereen corn ! do.
Beef, fresli, lean, rare jroasted
Do. do. do. dry do.
Do. do steak [broiled
Uo with salt only ^boiled
Do. Willi mustard, &c 1 do.
Do |fried
Do. old, hard salted jboiled
Beets boiled
Braitis. animal boiled
Bread, torn
Do, wheat, fresh ....
Biiltert
Caliliage, head
Do. with vinegar.
Do
Cake, corn
Do. sponge
Carrot, orange
Cartilage
Catfish, fresh
Cheese, old, strong
Chicken, full grown |fricasseed
Codfisti. cured dry boiled
Corn (green) and beans. .. .jhoili'd
Cuslard baked
Duck, domesticated roasted
Do. wild I do.
Dumpling, apple Iboiled
Eggs, fresh Ihard boiled
baked
baked
melted
raw
do.
boiled
baked
do.
boiled
do.
fried
raw
3
o
'3 50
1 50
3
2 30
3 45
3
i 30
3
4.i
3 30
4
15
3 45
1 45
3 15
3 30
3 30
2 30
Do.
Do.
Do,
Do.
Do.
do
do
do
do
do
Flounder, fresh
Fowls, domestic . . .
Do. do
Gelatin
Goose, wild ....
Heart, animal
I.,anib. fresh
Liver, beefs, fresh
soft boiled
fried
roa sted
raw
whipped
fried
boiled
roasted
boiled
roasted
fried
boiled
do.
4 30
3
2 30
3 1.
15
3 30
3 30
■2 45
3 45
2 45
4
4 30
3
3 30
3
3 30
2 15
1 3(1
3 30
4
4
2 30
2 30
4
12 30
2
333
500
352
545
500
333
400
200
333
2>-"5
333
.3ti3
2f5
250
235
2(it)
571
302
285
2,-^5
400
500
o.j-2
333
400
302
2,35
285
285
303
500
200
3(3
250
222
333
2^5
'333
285
444
500
00()
285
2.50
2;i0
400
400
250
400
500
Marrow, animal spinal
Meal and vegeiables ...
.Milk
Do
Million, fresh
Do. do
Do do
Ovsters, fresh
Do. do
Do. do
Parsnips
I'ig. sucking
feit. .soused
fat and lean
recenllv sailed. .. .
do
do
do
do
Potatoes, Irish
Do. do
Do. do
Rice
Form of
prepara-
tion.
Pit
Pork,
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Salmon, salted
Sausage, fresh
Soup, barley
Do. beau
Do. bcjcf vegetables, and
bread
Do. chicken
Siuip marrow bones
Do. nuitlon
Do. oyster
Suet, beef, fresh
Do. mutton
Tapioca
'IViidon, boiled
Tripe, soused
Trout, salmon, fresh
Do. do
Turkey, domestic
Do. " do
Do. wild
Turnips, flat
Veal, fresh
Do. do
Vegetables and meat
hashed
Venison, steak
boiled
hashed
boiled
raw
roasted
broiled
boiled
raw
roasted
stewed
boiled
rousted
lioiled
roasted
boiled
fried
broiled
raw
•wed
boiled
roasted
baked
boiled
do.
do.
broiled
boiled
do.
do.
do.
do.
do,
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
fried
roasted
boiled
roasted
boiled
broiled
fried
warmed
broiled
A.m.
40
2 30
3 30
10
2 30
I
15
4 30
4
3 15
;t
3
3 30
30
3 20
I
1 45
4
3 20
I 30
3
3
4 15
3 30
:i 30
5 30
30
2
5 30
1
I 30
1 30
2 30
2 25
2 IH
3 30
4
4 30
2 30
1 35
375
4UU
5(10
444
307
333
333
342
3ii;
2r5
4(1(1
400
IIIUU
I'JU
'-•J2
2:)5
3(i2
333
:*33
2^5
4(1(1
4UU
1000
571
250
30(1
()()(i
333
250
333
235
2t^5
2t'5
181
222
5(10
lel
1000
U(i(l
(jtC
4(1(1
511
435
285
2.-)0
222
400
031
* Pigs' feet soused, rice, and tripe soused, being the most digestible articles in the table, are eslimaled at 1000.
t In the case of oils, and other substances of similar nature, which undergo little digestion in the stomach,
the time merely indicates the period that elapses before they are sent into the duodenum.
DIGESTIFS, Digestives.
DIGESTIO, Digestion — d. Depravata, Dys-
pepsia— d. DifiBcilis, Dyspepsia — d. Lsesa, Dys-
pepsia.
DIGES'TION, Digeat'io, from digere, ' to dis-
solve;' Coctio, 0. Cibo'rum, Pep'eif, Diges'tive
Proc"ess. Digestion is a function, by means of
which alimentary substances, when introduced
into the digestive canal, undergo different altera-
tions. The object of this is to convert them into
two parts ; the one, a reparatory juice, destined
to renew the perpetual waste occurring in the
economy : the other, deprived of its nutritious
properties, to be rejected from the body. This
function is composed of a series of organic ac-
tions, differing according to the particular organi-
zation of the animal. In man they are eight in
number, viz : 1. Prehension of food. 2. Mastica-
tion. .3. Insalivation. 4. Deglutition.. 5. Action
of the stomach. 6. Action of the small intestine.
7. Action of the large intestine. 8. E.KpulsioQ of
the faeces.
Digestion is also a pharmaceutical operation,
which consists in treating certain solid substancej
with water, alcohol, or other menstruum, at a
slightly elevated temperature, — in a sand-bath,
for example, or by leaving them exposed for some
time to the sun.
DIGESTIVE, see Digestives — d. Principle,
Pepsin — d. Process, Digestion.
DiGKSTivE Texturk. The particular organic
condition of substances which affects their diges-
tibility.
Digestive Tube, Canal, alimentary.
Diges'tives, Bigesti'vn, JJigeren'tia ; snme
etymon as Digestion. (F.) Digestifs. A term
given, by surgeons, to substances, which, wlien
applied to a wound or ulcer, promote su|ipiira-
tion ; as the ceratum reaina, icann caldpl'ism'i
/omenintions, &c. Such substances are vulgarly
termed drntritig.
DIG"ITAL, Digita'lis ; from digitufi, 'a fin-
ger:' having the shape of a finger; digitated.
Belonging to the fingers.
The Appen'dix vermifor' mie cceci is sometimes
called Dig"ital Appen'dix.
DIGITAL BLANC
3 03
DILATING AGENTS
Digital Artkries, Veins, and Nerves, are
those distributed to the fingers.
DIGITAL BLANC, Claviiria.
Digital Cavitv, An'cyroid cavity, Comu de-
tceit'denn veutric'nli Interit'lis. The occipital por-
tion of the hvteral ventricle of the brain.
DIGITAL HUMAIN, Chivaria.
Digital Impressions, see Impressions Digital,
are the slight depressions observable on the inner
surface of the bones of the cniniuin, vfhich corre-
spond to the cerebral convolutions.
DIGITALE PETITE, Gratiola officinalis.
DIGITA'LE. Same etymon as Digital. (F.)
Dnii/lier. A finger stall. The term Doigtier
d' AidnibaH has been given to a small iron in-
strument used for measuring the dimensions of
the pelvis. Placed at the end of the index fin-
ger, it adds to its length and enables it to reach
the promontory of the sacrum.
DIOfTALINE, see Digitalis.
DIGITA'LIS, from diijitux, 'a finger,' because
its flower represents a finger ; Dtgita'lh purpa'-
rea, Bnc'chnris, Bacchnr, Bacvar, [?] Fox-glove,
(Sc.) Deadmen'a belh, (Prov.) FInpdock. Ord.
Scrophularinese. Sex. Syxt. Didynamia Angio-
Fpcrinia. (F.) Digitale, GnntH de notre dame,
DiiUjiier. The leaves of this plant, which are
indigenous in Great Britain, are pnwcrfuUy seda-
tive, diminishing the velocity of the pulse, diu-
retic, and sorbefacient. In over-doses, Digitalis
causes vomiting, purging, dimness of sight, ver-
tigo, delirium, hiccough, convulsions, and death :
— all the symptoms, in short, which characterize
the acro-narcotic class of poisons. Its active
principle has been called I)ig"{tah'ne. It is a
hundred-fold stronger than the most active pre-
paration of digitalis.
Digitalis has been administered in inflamma-
tory diseases, phthisis, active hemorrhage, drop-
sy, dkc. ; but although it is a powerful remedy, it
has not been as much employed as it probably
would have been in particular cases, owing to
the over-strained eulogiums, which many have
passed upon it in almost all diseases. The avc-
rnge dose is one grain, in the form of pill, which
may be repeated every six or eight hours.
Digitalis Minima, Gratiola ofliicinalis.
DIGITARIA DACTYLON,Cynodon dactylon.
DIGITA'TION, Digitn'tlo, Prodiic'tio deii'la'la,
Iimer'tlo denticidn'la, I. digita'ta, (F.) Dentatnre,
DenteUire. A division into processes having the
form of fingers. Several muscles, as the serati,
exhibit digitations, similar to those which the
fingers form, when helii separate.
DIGITATIONES TUBARUM FALLOPII,
see Tube, Fallopian.
DIGIT"IUM. Desiccation or atrophy of the
fingers. — Linnaeus. Sauvages calls the same af-
fection Pariiin/rh'ia Di(iil"iiim. see Paronychia.
DIOITOUUM TENSOR, Extensor brevis digi-
torum pedis.
DIG"ITUS, Dac'tyloH, Finger, (F.) Doigt. A
name given to the prolongations which form the
cxtromity of the hand. There are five on each
hand : the first, the thumb, Anticheir, Pollex,
Allim Pollex, ManuK parvn majo'ri adju'trix,
J)ig"itiis primuv seu mugiiio, Pro'mnnim, (F.)
Police; the second, the index, Digitim index seu
neiun'dim sen saliitit'ris seu snlntn'riiis seu de-
inonntrato'riiis seu dewoiistrnti'vim, Indica'for,
Dfinonitrn'tor, Li'chnnon ; the third, D. me'diim
seu tir'tius seu /amo'niiH seu inipndl'cii/> seu 06-
»<•'«■'»«» seu infii'min seu verpim, (F.) Doigt dii
niilieii, middle Jinger or long finger ; the fourth,
the ring finger. Digitus nnnida'ris, Param'esos,
D. quartim seu medicina'lin seu med'icua seu cor-
din, Int'ricuK, (F.) Annidaire ; and the little
finger, Oti'tcs, Dig"ilit(i aiiricidii'ris se» min'imus
se\i parvua seu qnintits seu mijops seu oli'tcg, (F.)
Auricnlaire, Petit doigt. All of these have threo
phalanges, except the first, which has only two.
Digitus Annularis, Annular finger — d. Au-
ricularis, see Digitus — d. Cordis, see Digitus — d.
Demonstrativus, see Digitus — d. Dcnionstrato-
rius, see Digitus — d. Famosus, see Digitus — d.
Impudicus, see Digitus — d. Index, Index, see
Digitus — d. Indicatorius, Index, see Digitus — d.
Infamis, see Digitus — d. Magnus, Pollex, see
Digitus — d. Medicinalis, see Digitus — d. Medicus,
see Digitus — d. Medius, see Digitus — d. Minimus,
see Digitus — d. Myops, see Digitus — d. Obscoenus,
see Digitus — d. Otites, see Digitus — d. Parvus,
see Digitus.
Dig"itus Pedis, Toe, (Sc.) Tae, (F.) Orteil.
The toes are five in number, and distinguished
numerically, reckoning from within to without.
The first is, also, called great toe, tom-toe, (F.)
gros orteil; the fifth, the little toe, petit orteil.
They have nearly the same organization as the
fingers.
Digitus Primus, Pollex, see Digitus — d. Quar-
tus, see Digitus — d. Quintus, see Digitus — d. Salu-
taris, see Digitus — d. Salutarius. see Digitus — d.
Salutatorius, Index — d. Secundus, Index, see
Digitus.
Digitus Semimor'tuus. ' Half dead finger.' A
torpid condition of the fingers, met with in con-
nection with chlorosis, and cerebro-spinal afi'ec-
tions.
DiGITrw Supernumera'rius, Supemn'merarif
finger, (F.) Doigt siirniimeraire. An occasional
monstrosity occurs, in which there are supernu-
merary fingers ; and at times owing to hereditary
transmission.
Digitus Tertius, see Digitus — d. Verpus, see
Digitus.
DIGNA'THUS, from it, 'double,' and yvadoi,
'lower jaw.' A monster having two lower jaws.
— Gurlt.
DIGNOTIO, Diagnosis.
DIHYPOGAS'TRIUS, from ii, 'double,' and
'vizoyaoTotov, 'the hypogastrium.' A monster
whose pelvis, together with the lower portion of
the abdomen, is double.
DIHYSTE'RIA, Dime'tra, Didel'phy8, V tents
duplex, from Si, ' double,' amd 'varipri, ' uterus.'
The state in which there is a double uterus.
DIJUDICATIO. Crisis.
DILACERATIO, Laceration.
iJ/LyiT'^iVy'.S', Dilating agents. '
DILATATEUR, Dilator — rf. Anterieur du
larynx, Crico-thyroid muscle — d. Posterieur du
larynx, Crico-arytenoid, posterior.
DILATATIO BRONCHIORUM, Bronchia,
dilatation of the — d. Ventriculi, Gastrectasis — d.
Intestinorum, Entereetasis.
DILATA'TION, dilata'tio, from dilatare, dila-
tntum, (latum facere.) 'to enlarge;' Euryit'mns,
Aneiirys'mus, Dieuryi'mim. Augmentation of the
bulk of a body, occasioned by a separation of
some of its molecules. Caloric has the property
of dilating all bodies. In Surgery, it means the
accidental or preternatural augmentation of a
canal or opening : as in aneurisms, varices, <fec.,
or the process of enlarging any aperture or canal.
When used so as to obtain a view of parts, as by
the speculum, it is termed Dioptris'mus.
DILATATOIRE, Dilator.
DILATATORIUM, Dilator.
DILATATORIUS. Dilator.
DILA'TING AGENTS, Dilatan'tia, (F.) Di-
latants. Certain substiinces used in surgery,
either to keep parts separate which have a ten-
dency to unite — as after opening an abscess, to
prevent the edges of the incision from uniting;
or to increase and dilate openings of canals, either
when natural, or formed accidentally or artifici-
ally. These agents differ from each other : the
DILATOR
304
DIPHTHERIA
chief are — prepared sponge teuta, gentian root,
bonqies. Hounds, dried peas for issues, &C.
BILA'TOR. Dilatiito'rins, DUistoleiis, (F.) Di-
latateur ou Dilatatoire. A muscle, whose oflRce
it is to dilate certain parts; such as the inspira-
tory muscles, which dilate the chest.
Dilator, Dilatato'n'um, (F.) Dilatateur. An
instrument, used for dilating a wound, excretory
canal, or other natural or artificial opening. When
employed to obtain an inspection of internal
parts, it is termed Spec'ulum, Diop'tra, or Diop'-
tron. There are several instruments of this kind,
each taking its name from the part to which it is
applied: as Spcrnlnm Oris, 8. Nasi, S. Uteri, <fec.
Dilator, Aunott's. A modification of the old
dilators for strictures of the urethra. It consists
of a tube of oiled silk, lined with the thin gut of
some small animal to make it air-tight, and fixed
on the extremity of a small canula. by which it
is distended with air or water, from a bag or
syringe at the outer end, whilst a stop-cock or
valve serves to keep the air or water in, when
received. As soon as the bag is passed within
the stricture or strictures, as much air is to be
injected into it as the patient can easily bear.
The instrument is not much used.
DiLATORKS Alarum Nasi, Compressor Naris.
DILATRIS TINCTORIA, Lachnanthes tinc-
toria.
DILL, Anethum graveolens.
DILLY, Anthemis eotula. •
DILUEN'TIA, from dilnn, {dls, and Inere,) 'I
■wash away.' (F.) Delayants. Medicines which
have been conceived proper for augmenting the
fluidity of the blood and other animal liquids.
All aqueous drinks are diluents. They are ad-
ministered, with great advantage, in various dis-
eases. In fever, water, which is the most familiar
diluent, may be freely allowed; the only precau-
tion being to give it hot in the cold stage, cold in
the hot, and tepid in the sweating. In diseases,
■where it is considered necessary to abstract blood
largely, diluents should not be given too freely.
The abstraction of blood occasions activity of
absorption, and the mass is speedily restored. It
is also obvious, that in cases of inflammation of
the mammae, in nurses, diluents should not be
freely allowed, as they increase the secretion of
milk, and add to the irritation. When demulcents
are exhibited in cases of urinary disease, they act
simply as diluents: their mucilaginous portion is
digested in the stomach and small intestine, —
the watery portion alone being separated by the
kidnev.
DILWEED, Anthemis eotula.
DIMETRA. Dihysteria.
DINANT, MINERAL WATERS OF. Dinant
is a small town, six leagues from St. Malo. in
France, where are mineral waters, containing car-
bonate of iron, chloride of sodium, Ac. They are
much esteemed.
DINGEE, Dengue.
DINIC, Antidinic.
DINKHOLD, MINERAL WATERS OF. A
rich carbonated water, situate near the junction
of the Lahn with the Rhine, in the duchy of Nas-
sau. It contains sulphate of soda, chloride of
sodium, carbonate of soda, sulphate of lime, car-
bonate of lime, and sulphate of magnesia.
DINOMANIA, Tarantismus.
DIN US. Vertigo— d. Scotoma, Scotodynia — d.
Vertigo, Vertigo.
DIOBOLON. Scruple.
DIOCRES, Pastil.
DIODONCEPHALUS, (F.) Diodonee'phale,
from it(, 'twice,' oiov;, oiovroi, 'a tooth,' and
Ke<pa\v, 'head.' A monster with a double range
of teeth, or double jaw.
DIODOS, Diexodos.
DKECESIS, Dispensation.
DIONCO'SIS, from Sia, and oy/cof, 'a tumonr.'
The Methodists applied this name to a sort (if
tumefaction or plethora, occurring either directly
from too great a quantity of fluid circulating iti
the s3-stem, or owing to the retention of snti.
stances which ought to be excreted. It is tho
antithesis to nymptosis. See Intumescence.
DIONYSIA'NUS, (F.) Dlonysien, from Aioru-
aoi, ' Bacchus,' who is represented bj- the poets 119
wearing horns. One who has long or horn-lika
excrescences.
DIONYSIS'CUS, same etymon. One who hiis
a long horn-like excrescence on the frontal region
— Votrel.
DIOPHTHALMUS, Binoculus.
DIOPTRA, Speculum, see Dilator.
DIOPTRISMUS, Dilatation.
DIOPTRON, Speculum, see Dilator.
DIORTHO'SIS, from (5(op^£u., 'I make straight.'
The reduction of a fractured or luxated limb.
DIOSCOREA, (after Dioscorides,) see Yam.
Diosco'rea Villo'sa, Wild Yamroot ; indi-
genous : Order, Dioscoriaceae ; flowering in July.
A decoction of the root has been jjrescribed in
bilious colic. It is said to be expectorant, dia-
phoretic, and, in large doses, emetic.
DIOSCURI, Parotis.
DIOSMA, D. crenata.
Dios'ma Crena'ta, from &ios, 'divine,' and
0(7/^17, ' odour.' liaros'ma crena'ta, Af/alhos'iiin
crena'tum, Buchu Leaves, Diosma (Ph. U. S.,
1842, Buchu, 1851), liucku, Bocchoe, Bocho, B<w.
cho, Buclcho, (F.) Diosmee crenelee. Ord. Dio.«-
meae. A South African plant, the powder of
whose leaves is used by the Hottentots to perfume
their bodies. It has been employed in chronic
affections of the bladder and urinary organs in
general. It has also been given in cholera. It
is often adulterated in commerce, by the substitu-
tion of less potent plants of the same family, as
Diosma serratifo'lia, and Eujileu'rum serrula'imii,
Diosma Serratifolia, D. crenata.
DIOSMEE CRENELEE, Diosma crenata.
DIOS'PYROS LOTUS, Foba (Jraca, hdinn
Date Plum, (F.) I'laquenunier d'Eiiropc. Ord.
Ebenaceae. This tree grows in some of the south-
ern parts of Europe. Its fruit is very astrin-
gent, and has been recommended in dysentery
and hemorrhage.
DiOs'PVROS Virginia'na, Lotus Virginin'iin,
Persim'mon. A common tree in the middle parts
of the United States. The fruit, Persim'moiii,
Yellow Plums, Winter Plums, Seeded Plums, which
is only eatable after frost, (when it is tolerable,)
is sometimes made into cakes with bran. Tliesfl,
being dried in an oven, are kept to make beer.
When bruised in water, fermentation takes place.
The unripe fruit, Diospy'ros (Ph. U. S.), is dis-
tressingly acerb and astringent. It has been u.«ed
as an astringent. The bark of the tree is ex-
tremely bitter, and may be used where bitters aro
indicated.
DIO'TA, Dyo'ta, from in, and ou?, wrof, 'ear.'
Two-eared, two-handled. Applied to a wooden
cup, lined with a composition of resin, cinnamon,
cloves, and ginger, to give more flavour to beer. It
was formerly much used in the north of Europe.
DIPHORUS, Diphrus.
DIPHRUS, Di'phorus, from &ii, 'two,' and
0£p(D, ' I carry.' Properly a seat for two. A close
stool.
DiPHRrs Maieu'ticus, Sella olstetric"ia. An
obstetric chair.
DIPU'RYGES, from 5i{, and <t>f,vyi^, 'I tor-
refy.' The oxide of copper, more or less pure.
The ancients reckoned three kinds of diphrygcs,
which thev used as astrin;;enfs.
DIPHTHERIA, Diphtheritis.
Dim THE RITE
305
DIRECTOR
BirHTITERlTE, Diphtheritis — cZ. Buccale,
Stoinatitifi, pseudomembranous.
DIPIITIIERI'TIS, niphther'ia, D!phther!t'ic
JnJIamiiKttioii, Iridic' alar Injlammation, (F.) Viph-
theritc frum Siijidipa, 'a membrane.' A name
given by M. Brctonneau to a class of diseases,
which are characterized by a tendency to the
formation of false membranes ; and affect the der-
moid tissue, — as the mucous membranes, and
even the skin.
Dii'HTHKiuTis OF" THE Throat, Angina pellicu-
laris — d. Tracliealis, Cynanche trachealis.
DIPLASIASMUS, Duplication.
DIPLOCEPIIA'LIA, from 6tn\oos, 'double,'
and Kr.<j)aXtj, ' head.' A monstrosity characterized
by the presence of two heads on the same body.
DIPLECOIA. Double hearing.
DIP'IiOE, from SimKou), 'I double.' Diplo'sifi,
Medllitl'liitm, j'lfedium Calva'ricB Discri'men. The
cellular structure, which separates the two tables
of the skull from each other. The ancients ap-
plied the term, also, to the proper coat of the
uterus [?] — Rolfink, in Castelli.
The Diploe has the same use as the cellular
structure of bones in general. See Cancelli.
DIPLOGEN'ESIS, iiTrXooj, 'double,' and ycvt-
ais, 'generation,' (F.) Biployenese. An organic
deviation, which consists of the duplication of
parts. Monstrosity by duplication. Dupllc"itas
mowitrn'sn, constituting double moiisleni.
DIPLOLEPIS GALL^ TINCTORIyE, see
Quercus infectoria.
DIPLO'MA. Same etymon as Diploe. A letter
or writing conferring some privilege : usually
applied to the document, certifying that a person
has obtained the title of Doctor. It was so called
because formerly written on waxed tables, folded
together. Diploma is also used in pharmacy for
a vessel with double walls, — as a water-bath.
DIPLO'PIA, from iii'Xnos, ' double,' and ojtto-
liat,'l see.' VlsHu Diiplicii'tus, Ditto'pin, Dit-
top'sia, Amphmnphoterodlop'sla, Ampliod i pin' pi a ,
Ambio'pin, Double Vision, (F.) lievite. An affec-
tion of the sight, in which two distinct sensations
are produced by the same object, which conse-
quently seems double. Sometimes more than two
are seen ; but still the disease is termed Diplo'pia
and Suffii'sio Mult'iplicans. This affection arises
from some derangement in the visual axes, in
consequence of which, the images are not im-
pressed on corresponding parts of the retina of
each eye. At times, the diplopia affects one eye,
or each eye when used alone, owing to some
irregularity in the curvature, density, or position
of the dioptric media. It is thei\ called Unioc'-
ular Diplnpia.
The diplopia of both eyes has been termed
Amphodiplo'pia and Amphotemdiplo'pia.
DIPLOSIS. Diploe, Duplication.
DIPLOSO'MA, from SinXooi, 'double,' and
(T(ii/ia, 'body.' The Diplosomci crenn'ta is an im-
perfectly described entozoon, which has been
passed from the urinary bla,<lder. It varies in
length from four to six or eight inches, and is
thinnest in the middle, where it is bent at an
acute angle upon itself, so that the two halves
hang nearly parallel, and give to it an appear-
ance as if two worms had been tied together by
their heads. It has been confounded with the
Spiroptera hominis.
DIPLOSOMA'TIA, Diploso'min, from hn\ooi,
'double,' and (ru/ia, amnaroi, 'body.' An organic
deviation, characterized by the presence of two
complete bodies, united by one or more of their
parts.
DIPXOOS, from ^if, and 77VOF;, 'breath.' Hav-
ing two vent holes ; Bispi'rus. An epithet ap-
20
plied to wounds which pass through a part, and
admit the air at both ends. — Galen.
DIPROSO'PUS, /n"ofr)/m««etO;;orf'yni»«,from
hi, 'double,' and n-pouajTrov, 'countenance.' A
monster having a double face.
DiPKOso'pus Di^f.DCE'us, from ^i, 'double,' and
Trpoaumov, 'countenance;' and U, 'double,' ami
aibota, ' parts of generation.' A double monster,
in whom the duplication affects superiorly the
face, and inferiorly the anterior pelvic region. —
Barkow.
DiPKoso'pns DiHYPOGAs'TRirs, from 5i, 'dou-
ble,' and upoataiTov, 'countenance,' and from ht,
'double,' and \noyaaTpiov, 'the hypogastrinm.'
A double monster in whom the duplication afi'ect.i
superiorly the face, and inferiorly the lower i)ait
of the body, four lower extremities being always
present — Tetras'celus.
DIPSA, Thirst.
DIPSACOS, Diabetes.
DIP'SACUS FULLO'NUM, fferha Car'dxi
Vcn'eria, Car'duna Ven'eris, (F.) Cardire cultice,
Chnrdon d fonlon, Chardon d honnelier, has had
similar properties ascribed to it. Both have been
also regarded as stomachic.
Dip'sACus Sylves'tris, from 5n|a, 'thirst.'
said to be so called, owing to the leaves being so
placed as to hold water. Cultivated Teasel,
(F. ) Carders. Ord. Dipsaceae. The roots of
this European plant are diuretic and sudorific.
The water, which collects at the base of tho
leaves, has been recommended as an eye-wator.
DIPSET'ICOS, from ^«/-a, 'thirst.' (F.) Di])-
aSt'ique. A remedy believed to be capalsle of
exciting thirst. See Alterative.
DIPSO'DES, Sit'ieiis, Siticulo'sus, (Old Eng.)
Ajforst, (Prov.) Thrusty ; from ii^ia, 'thirst,' and
ei^of, 'resemblance.' Thirsty. Causing thirst.
DIPSOMA'NIA,from i5n^a, 'thirst,' and mnnin.
Really, 'thirst-mania.' Often, however, applied to
habitual drunkenness and to delirium tremens.
An insatiable desire for intoxicating liquors.
DIPSOP'ATIIY, J)ipsoj)atfii'a, from Srla,
'thirst,' and irados, 'disease.' A mode of treat-
ment, which consists in abstaining from drinks.
DIPSO'SIS. Sam« etymon. Morbid thirxt.
The desire for drinking, excessive or impaired.
A genus in the class Caliaca, order Enterica, of
Good.
Dip.so'sis AvENS, Polydypsia — d. Expers,
Adipsia.
DIP'TERIX ODORA'TA, Goumnron'nn ndo~
ra'tn. The fruit of this large tree of Guiana is
a pod, inclosing a single seed. The bean. Tonka
bean, has a strong, agreeable, aromatic odour,
and is used to flavour snuff.
DI'PYGUS, from 5i, 'double,' and Trwy;?, 'nates.'
A double monster, tlie duplication being confined
to the posterior portion of the lower end of the
trunk — the coccygeal region.
DIPYRE'NON, from <5if, 'twice,' and wpriv,
'a kernel.' A specil'lum or probe with two but-
tons or kernels — one at each end.
DIPYRITES, Biscuit.
DIPYROS, Biscuit.
DIRCA PALUS'TRIS, Leatherwnod, Sinnmp
Leatherwood, Jfoosewood, Sivampwood, l{opi>-
bark, Bois de plomb, (Canada.) Ord. Thyu-elea-
ceie. An indigenous shrub, which grows in hoa-gy
woods and low wet places throughout the United
States. It is analogous to mezereon in its action
— six or eight grains of the fresh bark producing
violent vomiting, preceded by a sense of heat in
the stomach, often followed by purging. Applied
to the skin, the bark vesicates.
DIRECTOR, Itinera'rium, from dirigere, di-
rectum, (dis, and rcyere, 'to rule,') 'to direct.' A
Conductor. A grooved sound for guiding a knife,
in dividing any partj (F.) Sonde canneUe.
DIRIBITOmUM
306
DISINFECTION
Director Penis, Tschio-eavernosa
DtUir.rTORIUM. Mediastinum.
DIKLING, TinglinE;.
DIRT-EATING, Chthonophagia.
DIKUPTIO, Rhexis.
DIS, Di.
DISC, see Disk.
DISCEPTUM, Diaphr,agm.
DISCHARGE', ((//«, and charge,) Ec'roe,
F/iixiis, Profiu'vium, (F.) Ecoulement. In patho-
lofry, an increased discharge from any part, tbat
naturally secretes a fluid.
DISC'IIROA. Dysehrcca.
DISCREET', from discernere, dincretum, {din,
and ceniere,) 'to separate.' Discre'tus, Ititertinc'-
tm, Sep'arated, {¥.) Discrct. This epithet is
given to certain e.xanthemata, in which the spots
or pustules are separated from each other. It is
opposed to confluent.
BISCllET, Discreet.
DISCRE'TA PURGA'TIO. The purgation
or expulsion of some particular matter.
DISCRETIVUS, Diagnostic.
DISCRETORIUM, Diaphragm.
DISCRI'MEN, 'Separation, Division.' Same
etymon as Discreet. A bandage, used in bleed-
ing from the frontal vein ; so called, because, in
passing along the sagittal suture, it divides the
head into two equal parts.
Dis(;rimen Cai.vari^ Medium, Diploe — d.
Narium, Septum N.
' Increased — Hypertrophy,
DiscRiMEN Nasi ; a bandage, in the form of
the letter X, intended to support the nose, in
transverse wounds of the organ.
DisoniMKN Thoracis et Vknthis, Diaphrngm.
DISCUS PROLIGERUS, Proligerous disc— d.
Vitellinus, Proligerous disc.
niSGUSSIFS, Discutients.
DISCUSSIO, Resolution.
DISCUSSIVA, Discutients.
DISCUSSORIA, Discutients.
DISCU'TIENTS, V;«ci(tien't!a, Jiesolven'tui,
Di.icuniil'va, JJlucusHo'ria, from dinciitcre, 'to .<!hako
apart, (dis, and qmitere, 'to shake.') (F.) Ditcim-
sifs, Ithohitifn. Substances which possess tlio
power of repelling or resolving tumours.
DISEASE', old French desaise ; from di», and
eone : Jllorbiis, Nosos, Nose'ma, Nosen'ma, jVimhs,
Pathos, Pathe'mn, Lubh, Malum, Ptmsio, yEyritu'.
do, yT'Jyrotu'tio, Vit"iitm, Arrhos'tia, Arrhoelc'mii,
Arrhoiten'i'a, Vuletn'do adver'sa, Mnl'ady, Cmn-
plat'iil, Sich-uess, Distem'per, Ailment, Jlhiena, (¥.)
Midadie. An opposite state to that of heultli,
consisting in a change either in the position ami
structure of parts, or in the exercise of one or
more of their functions, or in both.
By some, Dixenseis applied to structural change,
whilst Disorder is restricted to functional derange-
ment.
The following table, essentially that of Dr. C.
J. B. Williams, comprises the chief elements of
structural disease :
Diseased ■
Nutrition.
Diminished — Atrophy.
Inflammation,
Induration,
Softening,
Transformation and Degeneration.
Cicatrices,
' Euplastic ,
Deposits..
Perverted... \
Altered
Mechanism.
r Contraction,
Dilatation,
! Obstruction,
Compression,
Displacement,
Rupture, &c.
Cacoplastic.
Growths...
False membranes,
Cirrhosis.
Fibro-cartilage,
Gray tubercle,
Atheroma, <fec.
f Yellow tubercle,
Aplastic \ Calcareous
( matter, &c.
( Cysts,
onmalignant ... < Tumours
( Hydatids, Ac.
•j ( Carcinoma,
[Malignant \ Encephalomfl,
("N
Disease of Addison, see Capsule, renal — d.
Blue, Cyanojiathy — d. of Bright, Kidney, Bright's
Disease of the — d. English, Rachitis — d. Extrin-
sic, External disease — d. Family, see Hereditary
— d. Foul, Syphilis — d. Fungoid, Encephaloid —
d. Gastro-enteric, Gastro-enteritis — d. Hamato-
ccrehriform, Encephaloid — d. Hereditary, see He-
reditary— d. Pretended. Feigned disease — d. Si-
mulated, Feigned disease — d. Surgical, External
disease.
DLSE.ASED, Sick.
DISECOIA. Barveeoia.
DISFIGURATION, Deform-ition.
DtSGORGE'MENT, (F.) Degorgemevt, from
de, and gorge, 'the throat.' An opposite condi-
tion to that of Engorgement. The discharge or
abstraction of a certain quantity of fluid, which
had previously collected in a part; as Disgorge-
ment of bile. It also means a vomit.
DISGUST', from de, and gustare, 'to taste.'
Cil'i fimtid'inm, Aposit'ia, Asit'in, Apodei'sis,
Ahomina'tio, Siccha'sia, Horror Ciho'rtim, Loath-
ing. An aversion for food; (F.) Degont. Dis-
guHt is not the same as Anorexia. The latter is
only a want of appetite; the former consists in
real repugnance for food.
(.Melanosis, Ac.
DISINFECTANT, Disinfec'tans, from din, and
inficio, infectum, (in and facto,) 'I infect,' (F.)
Deiinfeciant. This term has been restricteJ liy
some to agents that are capable of neutralizing
morbific efiluvia; but the author includes under
it; also, antiseptics or agents that are capahle "f
removing any incipient or fully formed septic
condition of the living body, or of any pmt,
of it.
DISINFECTING LIQUID, SIR WILLIAM
BURNETT'S, see Burnett's Disinfecting Liquid
— d. Li({uid, Labarraque's, Liquor sodae chlori-
natse — d. Liquid of Ledoyen, see Ledoyen's dis-
infecting liquid.
DISINFECTION, Disinfec'tio. Same etymon.
(F.) Desinfection. The act of destroying mias-
mata, with which the air, clothing, <tc., may lie
infected. Various means have been proposed fur
this purpose. Those most commonly emplny'l
are: chlorine, sulphurous and chlorohi/dric ocul
gases, vapours of vinegar, nitrous acid, and what
is, perhaps, the most manageable of any, ai"'
equally elEcacious, chlorinated lime, or any of the
chlorides of the alkalies. It is questionable '■
any chemical action occur between these agents
and the miasmata, whence results a compound
DISJUNCTI MORBI
807
DISTILLATION
which is harmless. Disinfection also includes
the action of antiseptics.
Chlorine or Ojcyiiiuriat'ic Funiign'tion, Solti'-
tii) ulexilc'rid Giinhin'na, Fu)iii(ja'tio aiitilnr'in'-
icn Giiii'hil, Alcxite'riinn clilo'rivum, Finniga'tio
(I'liylouien'ela, is made by adding rnmmou salt
?iij, to black oxide of manrjnnene ^j, sulphuric
urid ^], and leater i^'^j. Tliis may be carried
tl)rouj;h an apartment, or be shut up in it.
i\ilniHn Fi(iii!;j(('tir/n, Alexite' riuin Ni'tricum,
Fiim!(ja'tio Siinjlhifi'ita, may be formed by phicing
iiilrate of potass "^Xv, and sulphuric acid g'ji in a
saucer on hot sand.
DISJUNCTI MOREL (From dis, and jun-
(lere, jitiictiiiii, 'to join.') Dixjoined diseases.
Fernclius has thus denominated diseases which
occupy different organs, and are not produced by
each other.
DISK, BLOOD, Olobule of the blood — d. In-
tervertcbral, Intervertebral Cartilage — d. Frolige-
ruu.i, .see Proligerous Disk.
DISLOCATIO LIENIS SEU SPLENIS,
Spleuei^topia.
DISLOCATION, Luxation.
DIS.MAL. Melancholy.
DISOD'ICUS, from in, 'twice,' and olo^,
'threshold.' Having a double opening.
DISOMATOUS, see Disomus.
DISO'MUS, (F.) JJisome, from dis, and awiJia,
'budy.' A monster with two bodies. Such a
monster is said to be disont'atous.
DISORDER, see Disease.
DISORDERED, Sick.
DISORGANIZA'TION, Organo'rnm destrnc-
tii), (F.) Desoryaiusatiott. A complete morbid
change in the structure of an organ, or even total
destruction of its texture. In sphacelus and
sloughy ulcers, we have examples of this change.
DISI'ENSAIRE, Dispensary, Dispensatory.
DISl'EN'SARY, Dispensa'rinm, from dlspen-
dtre, (dis, and penderc, pensum, 'to weigh,') 'to
take from a weight or mass,' 'to distribute.' The
.shop or place in which medicines are prepared.
Also, an institution in which the poor are fur-
nished with advice and necessary medicines. (F.)
Jlispeusaire. This word is also used by the French
synonymously with Dispensatory.
DISPENSA'TION, Dispens'a'tio, Dicpce'sis,
Epinenie'sis. Same etymon. The composition
and distribution of medicines according to pre-
scription. In France, it is more commonly ap-
plied to the weighing, measuring, and arranging
of the articles which have to enter into a formula,
priiir to combining theiu.
DISPENSATOR. Apothecary.
DISPEN'SATORY, Dispeiisato'rium ; same
etymon. Antidota' rium, Liber Pharmacevt'icns,
(F.) Vispensaire. A book which treats of the
Cduiposition of medicines. A Dispensatory dif-
fers from a Pharmacopoeia, in containing the phy-
sical and medicalhistory of the various substances;
whilst the Pharmacopoeia is mainly restricted to
the mode of preparing them. The Pharmacopoeia
too, is published under the authority of, and by
the meinhers of a college or association ; whilst a
Dispensatory contains the whole of the Pharma-
eopwia or Pharmacopa-ias, with additions bj' the
author, under whose authority alone it usually
nnpenrs. The Pharmacopoeia, in other words, is
I'lfiriiinl ; the Dispensatory, generally, pricate.
Formerly, the words were used indiscriminately.
See Fonnnlarv, and Pharmacopoeia.
DISPLACED, see Percolation.
DISPLACEMENT, Percolation.
DISPOSIT"ION, Dispiisit"io, from rfi'o, and po-
nrre,positum, 'to putorset.' A particularcondition
of the body, which renders it susceptible of alter-
ing, sudilenly, to a stale of health or disease ; —
of improving, uv becoming changed for the worse.
The disposition to phthisis pulraonalis is some-
times so strong, owing to original conformation,
that the disease will make its appearance, not-
withstanding every care. See Diathesis.
DISPUTATIO, Thesis.
DISQUE PROLIGERE, Proligerous Disk.
BISQUES INTERVERTEBRAUX, Inter-
vertebral cartilages — d, Sanrjuins, Globules of
the blood.
DISRUP'TIO, from disrumpere, {dis, and rnm-
pere,) 'to break off.' A puncture, which interests
deep-seated parts.
DISSECTING ANEURISM, see Aneuri.sm.
DISSECTIO, Dissection — d. Tendinum, Te-
notomy.
DISSECTION, Dissec'tio, from dissecare, {dis,
and secare, sectuni, ' to cut,') ' to cut open ;' Diac'-
ope, Sec'tio Auatom'ica, Practical Anatomy, Ne-
crot'omy. An operation, by which the different
parts of the dead body are exposed, for the pur-
pose of studying their arrangement and structure.
Dissection has received various names, accor<ling
to the organ concerned ; — as Osteatomy, Syjides-
motiimy, Ifyotomy, Amjiotomy, Neurotomy, Des-
motomif, Ac.
DISSECTOR, Prosec'tor, Pro'tomus, same
etymon, (Y.) I'roseeteur. A practical anatomist.
One who prepares the parts for the anatomical
lecture.
DISSEPIMENTUM NARIUM, Septum na-
riutn — d. Thoracis, Mediastinum.
DISSEPTUM, Diaphragm.
DISSERTATION. INAUGURAL, Thesis.
DISSIDENTIA, Diastasis.
DISSIPIUM, Diaphragm.
DISSOLUTIO SANGUINIS, IIa;matcclysis
— d. Ventriculi, Gastromalacia.
DISSOLU'TION, DisHoln'tio, Dial'ysis, from
dissolvere, {dis, and solvere, sohitiim,) 'to loosen,'
'to melt.' This word is in frequent use, in the
writings of the humorists. It is employed, par-
ticularly, in speaking of the blood, — to designate,
not its entire decomposition or putrefciction, but
a diminution in its consistence.
DISSOLUTION, Solution.
DISSOL VANTS, Dissolventia.
DISSOLVEN'TIA, Solvents, (F.) Dissolmnfs.
Same etymon. Medicines believed to be capable
of dissolving swellings, concretions, <tc. Discu-
tients. Resolvents.
DISTAD; from disto, {di, and sto,) 'to stand
apart.' Away from a centre. Towards the far
extremity. In anatomy, used by Dr. Barclay
adverbially, to signify 'towards the distal aspect.'
DISTAL ASPECT. An aspect of a bone from
the trunk, or towards the extremity. — Barclay.
DISTE.MPER, Disease.
DISTEMPERANTIA, Dvscras
DISTEMPERED, Sick.
DISTENSIO, Diatasis, Tension, Tetanus — d.
Nervorum, Convulsion.
DISTENTION BE LA VESICULE DU
FIEL, Turgescentia vesicw fellea.
DISTICHI'ASIS, Distich'ia, Distrieh'ia, Dis-
trichi'asis, Distce'chia, Distoechi'asis, from iii,
'double,' and oTi;^o{, 'a row.' An increased num-
ber of eyelashes ; some turned towards the eye,
and irritating the organ; whilst others preserve
their natural direction. — Galen, Paulus of yEgina.
See Entropion.
DISTILLA'TI0N,Z'e«^i7?n'^(o„S'/n?a7'mo«,from
destillare, (de, and stillare.) 'to drop, little by lit-
tle.' Cntastnlag'mos. An operation, by which — by
the aid of heat and in close vessels— the volatile
are separated from the fixed parts of bodies, with
the view of collecting the former, when con-
densed in appropriate receivers. The ancients
distingiiished distillation per latus, per nsren'sum,
and })cr descen'sum, according to the direction
DISTOCIA
308
DIYLISMUS
■which the volatilized matters were made to take. |
In diKtilkilion per latiis, the apparatus is so
arranged, that the vapour passes horizontally
through a succession of spaces before reaching
the receiver. Dixtillatinn per ascensum is the
ordinary method by the still. In distillation per
descensnni, the fire is applied above and around
the top of the apparatus; and it is so arranged
that the vapour must pass downwards. When
dry organic matter is placed in an apparatus for
distillation, and heat is applied until all volatile
matter is driven out, the process is called dry or
destructive distillation.
Distillation, Destructive, see Distillation —
d. Dry, see Distillation — d. Per Ascensum, see
Distillation — d. Per Descensum, see Distillation —
d. Per Latus, see Distillation.
DISTOCIA, Ditoc'ia, from 5i5, ' twice,' and
TOKOi, ' birth.' Delivery of twins.
DISTffiCniA, Distichiasis.
DISTGiCHIASIS, Distichiasis.
DIS'TOMA HEPAT'ICUM, Dis'tomnm hepat'-
iciim, from &ii, and aroiia, 'mouth.' Fasci'ola
heput'ica seu Innmi'na seu hiiiceola'ta, Plann'ria
latiiis'cida, Goin-d-wonii, Fluke, Liver Fluke,
{¥.) Douve, I), da Foie. An obovate, flat worm,
an inch in length, and nearly an inch broad ;
sometimes found in the gall-bladder of man,
whence it occasionally passes into the intestinal
canal. It is one of the most common varieties
of worms, infesting the livers of the sheep, goat,
ox, stag, fallow-deer, horse, ass, hog, hare, &c.
The treatment is like that required for other
worms. DisTOMA seu Distomdm lanceola'tum,
a different species, has been found in the biliary
ducts of man, — and of different phytivorous mam-
malia.— Mehliss.
DisTOMA Oc'oli Huma'ni, Dis'tomnm oc'uli
huma'ni. A parasite once observed in the eye of
a child who had suffered from lenticular cataract.
— Gescheiilt.
DISTOMUM HAEMATOBIUM, see Worms —
d. Hepaticum, Distoraa hepaticum.
DISTOPiSIO, Distortion, Sprain, Strabismus
— d. Oris, Canine laugh.
DISTOR'TION, Listor'sio, Intor'sio, from dis-
torqiicre, {'lis, and torqiiere, tortiim,) 'to wrest
aside.' Diastrem'nta, Dins' troplie, Liyys'ma, (F.)
Dtstorsion. Usually applied to the preternatural
curvature of a bone ; as distortion of the spine,
limbs, &c. It signifies, also, a morbid state of
the muscles of the eye, constituting squinting or
strabismus.
DISTORTOR ORIS, Zygomaticus major.
DISTRIBUTORIA LACTEA THORACICA,
Thoracic duct.
DISTRICHIA, Distichiasis.
DISTRICHIASIS, Distichiasis.
DISTRIX, from S,s, 'double,' and dpi?, 'the
hair.' Trichio'sia distrix, Fissii'ra capillo'rum.
Hairs of the scalp, weak, slender, and splitting at
their extremities.
DITOCIA. Distocia.
DITRACHYC'ERAS, from ^k, ' two,' rpa^^us,
'rough,' and Ktpa^, 'horn.' A genus of intestinal
worms. ^The Ditrachyc'eras rudis, Die' eras rudis,
(F.) Bicorne rnde. This fancied entozoon was
first observed in the evacuations of a female, by
M. Sultzer, of Strasburg. It is of a fawn colour,
from .3 to 5 lines in length, with an oval head,
flattened and terminating in a point posteriorly ;
contained in a membranous sac, and furnished
anteriorly, with a bifurcated, rugous horn. Laen-
nec considers it a vesicular worm or hydatid. Ac-
cording to Von Siebold, there is no such ento-
zoon. The undigested seed of the mulberry,
which had been eaten, was mistaken for it.
DITTANDER, Lepidium sativum.
DITTANY, Cunila Mariana — d. American,
Cunila Mariana — d. Bastard, Dictamnns albus—
d. of Crete, Origanum dictamnus — d. Mountain,
Cunila Mariana.
DITTECOIA, Double hearing.
DITTOPIA, Diplopia.
DITTOPSIA, Diplopia.
D I U R E S liE S T II E'SIS, Diureticom»tlte',it,
Uresicesthe'sis ; from iiovpetv, 'to pass the urine,'
and ataOnaii, 'feeling.' The desire or want to
pass the urine.
DIURE'SIS, Diurism, from &ia, 'through or
by,' and ov^coi, 'I pass the urine.' (F.) Diiiriee.
An abundant excretion of urine.
DIURET'IC, Diuret'icns, Ischiiret'ic, snme
etymon ; Urct'icits, Uriyia'lis. (F.) Diuritiqiie.
A medicine which has the property of increasing
the secretion of urine. Diuretics act by produc-
ing a discharge of the watery and other parts
of the blood ; and, by such discharge, indirectly
promote absorption over the whole system, lluncc,
they are employed in dropsy. The following are
the chief Diuretics: — Cantharis; Cantharis Vit-
tata; Potassse Acetas; Potassae Liquor; Cahinca;
Colchici Radix: Colchici Semen; DigitalLs; Dios-
ma Crenata; Juniperus ; Oleum Tercbinthinse;
PotassiB Nitras; Potnssae Bitartras; Scilla; SodiB
Sales, and Spiritus iEtheris Nitrici.
DIURETICA, Arnica Montana.
DIURETICO-^STHESIS, Diuresiaesthesis.
DIURISM, Diuresis.
DIVARICATIO, Ectropion.
DIVERSORIUM CHYLI.Reeeptaculura chyli.
DIVERTICULA SPIRITUUM ANBIA-
LIUM, Ganglions, nervous.
DIVERTICULUM, Devertic'nhm. (F.) Di-
verticule. 'A turning ;' from divertere, {di, and
vertere,) ' to turn aside.' A blind tube branch-
ing out of the course of a longer one. An organ
which is capable of receiving an unusual quan-
tity of blood, when the circulation is obstructed
or modified elsewhere, is said to act as a diverti-
culum. Also, a malformation or diseased appear-
ance of a part, in which it passes out of its regu-
lar course. It is sometimes applied to such a
condition of the alimentary canal. Also, a hole
to get out at. A by-passage. See Ectrnpe.
DiVEiiTic'iiLUM Nuc'kii. The Opening through
which the round ligaments of the uterus pass. —
Parr.
DivERTictTLUM Phartngis, Pharyngoccle.
DIVI'DING, Div'idens, from dividere, di>:lmm,
[di or dis, and the Iletruscan verb idito, 'to part
or portion.') (F.) Divisif. That which divides
or separates.
Dividing Bandage, Fas'cia dio'i'lem, fF.)
Bandage divisif, is a bandage employed for the
purpose of keeping parts separated from each
other. It is used particularly to prevent improper
union; as in cases of burns of the neck or other
parts.
DIVINATIO, Mantia.
DIVTSIF, Dividing.
DIVISION, Divis'io, Dics'resis. Same etymon.
The accidental separation of parts naturally
united; in other words, a wound or solution of
continuity. Most frequently, however, it means
an operation, which consists in cutting certam
parts, with the view of fulfilling some therapeu-
tical indication.
DIVUL'SIO, Dias'pasis, from direllere, {di>,
and vellere, vulsnm,) ' to pull asunder.' A term
used in Surgery, to express the rupture or lacera-
tion of organs by external violence.
DivuLSio Ukinj3, Cloudiness of urine. — See
Enaeorema.
DIXON'S ANTIBILIOUS PILLS, Pilul»
antibiliosse.
DIYLISIS. Colatio.
DIYLISMUS, Colatio.
DIZZINESS
309
DOIGT
DIZZINESS, Vertigo.
DIZZY, Vertif^inous.
DOCCIONE, MINERAL WATERS OF. This
spring is at Lucca, in Italy. It is tliermal saline.
DOCH'ME, &<>xfv- A measure of the Greeks,
cnuiil to about four fingers' breadth : Dactylo-
ddvh' lue.
DOCIMA'SIA, Docimat'Hce, Docimaaiolog"ia,
from iu<(i//a(w, ' I try or prove the quality of any
thing.' Tlie act of assaying.
DoCUfA'SIA MBDICA.MKNTO'RUJf ET VeNENO'-
RUM. Tlie testing of medicines and poisons.
Docima'sia Pulmo'num, D. Pitlmona'lis, Pne-
obldiiiiiiiti'n, Piienobioinauti'a, P ucobioman' tica.
Lung proof, Respiration proof. 'Different proofs
to which the organs of respiration of a new-born
child are subjected, for the purpose of detecting
whether it has or has not respired after birth ; in
other words, whether it was born alive or dead ;
— Pneuniobiogno'ais, Pneusiobios'cope. These
consist, chiefly, 1. In testing them with water,
for the purpose of seeing whether the lungs are
fpccifically heavier or lighter than that fluid.
This is called Docima'sia Pidino'num hydrostut'ica
or the Hydrostatic Test. If lighter, it would be
some evidence that the foetus had respired : 2.
In comparing the weight of the lungs with that
of the whole body; the weight of lungs in which
respiration has taken place being nearly twice as
great. This is Docima'sia Pidmo'num Stat'ica,
or Ploucquet's Test; .and, 3. By measuring the
circumference of the thorax and lungs ; and com-
paring their dimensions with those of an infant
which has not respired. That is Daniel's Test.
These tests, singly, afford only probable evi-
dence; but when united, the deductions may be
more conclusive.
DOCIMASIOLOGIA, Docimasia.
DOCK, Rumex — d. Bitter, Bumex obtusifolius
— d. Bloody, Rumex sanguineus — d. Blood}'-
vcincd, Rumex sanguineus — d. Blunt-leaved,
Kuuiex obtusifolius.
Dock Cresses, Lapsana.
Dock, Curled, Rumex crispus — d. Sour,Rumex
acetosus, R. crispus — d. Sour, boreal, Oxyria reni-
fi)riiiis — d. Spatter, Nuphar advena — d. Water,
Rumex hydrolapathum — d. Wild, sharp-pointed,
Rumex acutus — d. Yellow, Rumex crispus.
DOCK EN, Rumex.
DOCNA SURA, MINERAL AVATERS OF.
This spring is in the Krapach mountains. The
water contains sulphate of soda, carbonate of
soda, chloride of sodium, carbonate of lime, silica,
and iron.
DOCTEUR, Doctor, Physician.
DOCTOR, Jled'ieiis, from doctus, 'learned;'
' uii liomme qui devrait etre docte.' A Physician.
(Sc.) Medcinare, Medicinar. (P.) Docteur, 3/e-
decin. Frequently applied to any one who prac-
tises medicine ; although properly confined to him
who has received his degree of Doctor of Medi-
cine. See Physician.
To Doctor is sometimes used, vulgarly, for to
'' treat with drugs."
DOCTORS' STUFF, see Medicament.
DOCTRINA GALLIANA, Craniology— d. So-
teria, Medicina.
DOCTRINE HOM(EO-ORGANIQUE, Ho-
DJceopathv.
DOCTRINE, MED'ICAL, Doctri'na Med'ica.
The principles or positions of any medical sect
or master. Medicine has been too full of doc-
trines. One of the first was that of Ilerodicus
of Selivra'a, who recommended gymnastic exer-
cises in disease. The chief founders of doctrines
have been Hippocrates, Serapion of Alexandria,
Philinus of Cos, Ilerophilus, Asclepiades, The-
niison of Laodicea, Thessalus of Tralles, Soranus
ot Ephesus, Leouidus of Alexandria, Athenaeus
of Attalia, Archigenes of Apamaca, Agathinus of
Sparta, Galcnus, Paracelsus, John Baptist van
Helmont, Sylvius de le Boe, Keill, Ilamberger,
Pitcairne, H. Boerhaave, J. D. Stahl, Frederick
Hoffmann, George Baglivi, Cullen, Darwin, John
Brown, Beddoes, Girtauner, Reil, Rush, Rasori,
and Broussais.
DocTRiNK, Physiological, Broussaism.
DODDER, Cuscuta glomerata — d. American,
Cuscuta glomerata — d. of Thyme, Cuscuta epi-
thymum.
DODECADACTYLITIS, Duodenitis.
DODECADACTYLON, Duodenum.
DODECAPIIAR'MACUM, from ^i^kxa,
'twelve,' and (papiiaxov, 'a medicine.' An ancient
name given to all medicines which consisted of
twelve ingredients. See Apostolorum Unguentum.
DODECATH'EON, from iwSsKa, 'twelve,' and
riSij/ui, 'I put.' An antidote, consisting of twelve
simple substances. — Paulus of jEgina.
DoDECATHEON, Sanicula — d. Plinii, Pinguicola
vulgaris.
DODON^A, Myrica gale.
DoDONyE'A Thunbergia'na. a shrub of the
Nat. Ord. Sapindacete, which grows at the Cape
of Good Hope. A decoction of the root is used
as a gentle cathartic in fever.
DODRANS, Spithama.
DOGCHOAK, Cynanche.
DOGDAYS, (F.) Jours Canicnlaires. During
these days, comprised between the 24th of July
and the 23d of August, the temperature of the
air in Europe is generally high and oppressive.
They have received this name from the dogstar,
Canic'ida, "Zuftwi, Si'rius — a very brilliant star
in the constellation of the great dog, which rises
and sets, at this time, with the sun. It was for-
merly believed to be a period particularly unpro-
pitious to health ; that it was dangerous to purge
during it; and other phantasies were indulged in
regard to it.
DOGGRASS, Triticum repens.
DOGHIP, see Rosa canina.
DOGMAT'IC, from the Greek ioyixa, Soy/iaTos,
from SoKctii, 'I think.' Dogmat'icus, (F.) Dogtna-
tique. The name of an ancient medical sect; so
called, because its members endeavoured, by rea-
soning, to discover the essence of diseases and
their occult causes ; whilst the Empirics, their
rivals, confined themselves strictly to experience;
i. e., to the observation of facts. The union of
the two modes of investigation makes the rational
physician. These sectarians are likewise called
Dog'matists, and their doctrine Dog'matism. The
founders of the sect were Hippocrates, Thessalus,
Draco, and Polybius ; and the most celebrated
of its supporters were Diodes of Carysta, Praxa-
goras of Cos, Chrysippus of Soli, Herophilus,
Erasistratus, <fec.
DOGS' BANE, Apocynum androsajmifolium —
d. Bane, bitter, Apocynum androsaemifolium.
DOGS' GRASS, Triticum repens.
DOGS' STONES, Orchis mascula.
DOGSTAR, Canicula.
DOGTREE, Cornus Florida.
DOGWOOD, Cornus Florida — d. Blueberried,
Cornus sericea — d. Female, Cornus sericea — d.
Florid, Cornus Florida — d. Great flowered, Cornus
Florida — d. Jamaica, Piscidia erythrina — d. New
England, Cornus sericea — d. Panicled, Cornus
paniculata — d. Pond, Cephalanthus occidentalis
— d. Silky-leaved, Cornus sericea — d. Virginian,
male, Cornus Florida — d. Round-leaved, Cornus
circinnta — d. Striped, Acer Pennsylvanicum — d.
Swamp, Cornus sericea, Ptelea trifoliata — d.
White, Cornus paniculata.
DOIGT, Digitus — d. Auriculaire, Auricular
finger — d. Milieu, see Digitus — d. Petit, see Di-
gitus— d. Surnumeraire, Digitus supernumerarius.
DOIOTIER
810
DORSUM
nOTGTTER. Digital e, Digitiilis — cZ. d'Aadru-
hali, see Digitale. ^
DOfGTS PALMES, Dactylion.
DOITTKIE, see Dementia.
DOKE. Contusion.
DOLABRA. Ascia, Doloire.
DO LI a. Dolichos.
DOLICIIOCEPH'AL^ (GENTES): from 5o-
Xi;j;uf, ' long,' and ic£0aAiy, ' head.' ' Longheads.'
Nations of men whose cerebral lobes completely
cover the cerebellum — as the Kelts, Germans.
negroes, Ac. Retzius.
DOHCIIOCEPHA'LIA ; same etymon. Mon-
strosity, in which the head is abnorraously long.
DOL'ICIIOS, from ho'Stxoi, 'long.' A genus
of plants of the leguminous family, (F.) DoUc,
Doh'i/ne. It includes a number of species, gene-
rally indigenous in India or America. The Dul'-
ichos Ldblah, or Lohlab, is found in Egypt.
(Prospero Alpini.) Its fruit is eaten there, like
the haricot with us. The Dol'i'chos Sinen'sis, is
eaten in China, and is stored up as a provision
for long voyages. The Dul'ichoa Tiibero'sii8, (F.)
J'ois Patnte of JIartinique, has tuberous roots of
the size of both fists, and has the consistence and
taste of the turnip. The Dol'idios Bnlho'sns of
the West Indies resembles the turnip ; — and from
the seeds of the Dal'iehos Soja, the Japanese pre-
pare the well-known sauce Soi/, which they term
Soojn. The most important in medicine is the
Dol'ichos Pru'rikns, Dol'ichi)8, Stizolo'hinm,
Jlitcii'nn jirii'rieiis, Negre'tia pni'rietm, Coicli<i(j.e,
Coicilch, Adsfirla Pnla. Order, Leguminosae.
(F.) Poia a gratter. The stiff hairs of the Do/i-
chos Podn, called DoUchon Pubes, D. Prurien'tin
pubeg, Dolivhi SetcB Le(jn'mi)iiim, Liinii'</o Sil'i-
qtice himu'tm, Mucii'na (Ph. U. S.), are the parts
used in medicine. They excite an intolerable,
prurient sensation, when applied to the skin ; but
do not irritate the mucous membrane over which
they pass, when administered internally. The
Dolichos is a mechanical anthelminticT and is
useful in cases of ascarides lumbrieoides, and
oxyures vermiculares. Dose, gr. v to x, of the
pubes, in molasses.
Mucii'nn priiri'ta, a distinct species, but pos-
sessing similar properties, grows in the East
Indies.
DOLIQUE, Dolichos.
DOLOIRE (F.), An'eia, Dola'bra, 'a carpen-
ter's axe.' A Bandiige en doloi're is one in which
the turns are so placed, that each one covers two-
thirds of that which is immediately beneath it.
It has received the name Duloire from its repre-
senting the obliquity of the edge of the instrument
whose name it bears. See Bandage.
DOLOR, Pain— d. Ani, Proctalgia— d. Capitis,
Cephalalgia — d. Cephalicus, Cephalalgia — d. Co-
licus. Colic — d. Crucians faciei. Neuralgia, facial
— d. Dentium, Odontalgia — d. Dentium a stridore,
Hasmodia— -d. Faciei, Neuralgia, facial — d. Ischi-
adicus nervosus. Neuralgia femoro-poplitaia — d.
Lenis, llypodynia — d. Mitis, Hypodynia — d. Ne-
phreticus. Nephralgia — d. Pectoris externus, Pleu-
rodynia— d. Pudendorum, Pudendagra — d. Rheu-
matieus et arthriticus, Rheumatism.
DOLORES AD PARTUM, Pains, labour— d.
Intestinorum, Colic — d. Parturientis, Pains, la-
bour— d. Post partum. Pains, after — d. Puerpera-
rum. Pains, after — d. Rodentes, Pains, gnawing.
DOLP. Nates.
DOMBEY'A EXCEL'SA, Arauca'ria Dom-
ley'i. A tree of Chili, which furnishes Dombeya
turpentine ; a glutinous, milky-looking fluid of a
strong oilour and taste.
D 0 M E S ' T I C, Domen'ticus, from domus, ' a
house.' The terra BomcDtic or Pop'nhir Med'i-
chie, has been given to treatise.t; written for the
purpose of enabling those who are not of the pro-
fession to treat diseases, which may occur in their
families, without the necessity of calling in a
physician. The term, likewise, signifies— Medi-
cine, when thus practised. It is probable, tluit
such works have been attended with mischievous
as well as advjmtageous results.
DOMINA'RUM AQUA. A medicine described
by Myrepsus, which he considered emmenagogue.
DOMI'TE-VENIN, Asclepias vincetoxicum.
DOMUS LEPROSARIA, Ludrerie.
DONDO, Albino.
DOXESIS, Agitation.
DOORWEED, Polygonum.
DORADILLA, Asplenium cetcrach.
DORCADIZON, Caprizans.
DOREA, Heincralops.
DOREMA AMMONIACUM, see Ammoniac,
Gum.
DORMITATIO, Somnolency.
DORMITIO, Sleep — d. Lucumoriana, see Lu-
cumorianus.
DOR ONTO, Doronicum pardalianches — d.
d'Allemac/ne, Arnica montana.
DORONICUM ARNICA, Arnica montana— d.
Cordatum, D. Pardalianches — d. Gerniiiniciiin,
Arnica montana — d. Officinale, D. Pardalianches
— d. Oppositifolium, Arnica montana.
Douon'icum Pakdalian'chks, D. Romn'num
seu Corda'tuni seu Officina'le, Romnn Lenp'nrd'a
Btine, (F.) Dtiroiiic, Doroniqite, 3fort aiur Paii-
tlieres. Tlie root of this plant resembles Arnica
Montana in its properties.
DoKONicuM Plantagims Folio. Arnica mon-
tana— d. Romanum, D. Pardalianches.
DORSAD, see Dorsal Aspect.
DORSAL, Dorsn'lis, from dornum, 'the hack.'
NoticB'ns, Notal, Tergid. Relating to the back
of the body, or of one of its parts ; as the Domed
vertebrcp., nerves, &c.; Dorsal artery of the tuDf/iie,
penis, &c.; Dorsal region of the foot, hand, Ac;
Dorsal Consumption, <fec.
Dorsal Aspect. An aspect towards the dor-
sum or backbone. — Barclay. Dorsetd is used by
the same writer adverbially, to signify ' towards
the dorsal aspect.'
DORSAL, LONG, Longissimus dorsi.
DORSALIS, Dorsal.
Dorsa'lis Penis, (Nervus.) The branch of
the internal pudic nerve, which is distributed to
the upper part of the male organ; and to the
clitoris of the female.
DORSCII, see Oleum jecoris aselli.
DORSE, see Oleum jecoris aselli.
DORSO-COSTAL, Serratus posticus superior
— d. Lombo-costal, Serratus posticus inferior — '/.
Lombo-sacro-liumeral, Latissimus dorsi — d. Sim-
acromien, Trapezius — d. Trachelon-occipitcd, Cum-
plexus.
DORSTENIA BRASILIENSIS, Caa-apia.
Dorstenia Cg.vtrayeu'va, called after Dr.
Dorsten; D. Housto'nii, Contrayer'va, Drid;e',i't,
Cijpe'rns longns odo'rua seu Perua'nus, Brzonr'-
dica Radix, Lisbon Contrayer'va, (F.) Racine de
Charcis ou de Dracke ou des Philippines. Order,
Urticeae. Sex. Syst. Tetandria Monogynia. A
plant of South America, whose root, Contmyer'va
(Ph. U. S.), is aromatic, bitter, and astringent.
It has been given as a tonic, stimulant and sudo-
rific. Dose, gr. xij to ^ss.
DonsTENiA Coudifolia, D. Brasilicnsis — d.
Placentoides, D. Brasiliensis — d. Vitella, D. Bra-
siliensis.
DORSUM, Notos, Noton. The back. MetapV-
renon, Tergum, (Prov.) Rig, (F.) Dos. The pos-
terior part of the trunk, extending from the infe-
rior and posterior region of the neck as far as the
loins. The back of the f oof , Dorsum pedis, is the
upper part of that organ, opposite the sole : tbe
DORYCIMUM
311
DRACONTIUM
haek of the hand, Dorsum maiiAs, the part op-
posetl to the psilin. In the same sense, we say
Doreum penis, Dorsum nasi, for the upper part of
those organs.
Dorsum, Vertebral column — d. Ephippii, see
Sella turcica — (1. ManQs, Opisthenar.
DORYCIMUM, Costus creticus.
DOS, Dorsum.
nOSAGE, Posology.
DOSE, Dosis, PrcB'hiiim. The quantity of any
Bubstance, which ought to form part of a com-
pound medicine, or ought to be exhibited singly,
to produce a desired efl'cct. Many circumstances
inlliicnce the doses of medicine. Women require
tiiiallcr doses, as a general principle, than men.
Hitbit has a great effect, as well as climate, aije,
and idioHi/ncramj : all these, and other circum-
gtance.", uiust be taken into account; and every
general rule on the subject will be found to have
numerous exceptions. Some of the mechanical
physicians laid it down as a rule, that the doses
of medicines must always be as the xquare of the
conntitulion! — A matter not easy of calculation.
The following Tables will exhibit an approxi-
mation to the proper doses (according to age) of
most substances.
Table of Doses accouding to Age.
Ago 24
Let the full dose be
1
1 drachm.
18
will require
2-.3dH.
2 Roruplcs.
14
.
half.
i drachm.
7
.
l-3d.
1 scruple.
4
.
l-4th.
15 grains.
a
.
l-6th.
10 grains.
2
.
1-Sth.
8 drains.
1
l-12th.
6 grains.
The table of doses, according to age, recom-
mended by Dr. Thomas Young, differs in some
respects from the above. Either atfords a suffi-
cient general approximation. His rule is, that
For ehildren, under twelve years of aye, the
dnses of most medicines must he diminished in
the proportion of the age to the age increased by
twelve :
o
Thus, at two years, to l-7th; i. e., l-7th ■
2 + 12
At twenty-one the full dose is given.
Doses, Broken. When an agent is given in
small portions it is said to be in broken doses, —
refractis dosibus.
DOSIOLOGIA, Posology,
DOSIS, Dose.
DOSSIL, liourdonnet.
DOTAGE, Dementia.
DOTHIKN, Furunculus.
DOTHIENENTERIA, Dothinenteritis.
DOTUIRNENTEIUE, Dothinenteritis.
DOTIIINENTERIA, Dothinenteritis.
DOTHINENTERI'TIS. properly Vothienente-
ri'tin, Diithicnenter'in, Dothinenter'ia, Etiteri'tis
pimtido'sa, Enterodothie'nia, Helcenteri'tis, Fol-
hc'idar dtstroenteri'tis, from io^inv, 'a pustule,'
and tiTtpo)', 'intestine.' (F.) DothinentMte, Do-
Ihininlfrie, Dothi6tientfrie,Uothienenterite. An in-
fliunination and ulceration of the glan<ls or folli-
cles of Poyer and Brunncr, which Bretonneau
considers to be the essence of a large class of
fevers, particularly of those of the typhoid cha-
racter. See Typhus.
DOTIirOX, Furunculus.
DOTTRINA MEDICA ITALIANA, Contro-
stiiiiulus, (doctrine of.)
DOUBLE, Ingluvies.
DOUBLE-CONSCIOUSNESS, see Conscious-
ness, double.
DOUBLE-HEARING, Dipleco'ia, Bitteco'ia,
Paracn'sis duplica'ta seu imperfec'ta. The ac-
tion of the one ear unaccordant with that of the
other : sounds heard doubly, and in different tones
or keys.
DOUBLE-MONSTERS, see Duplication.
DOUBLE-QUARTE, see Quartan.
DOUBLE-QUOTIDIENNE, see Quotidian.
DOUBLE-TIERCE, see Tertian.
DOUCE-AMERE, Solanum dulcamara.
DOUCHE (F.). In Italian, doccia : modern
Latin, diicia ; Cotaclys'mus, Douse. This term
is applied to a column of fluid, of a determi-
nate nature and temperature, let fall upon
the body. Pumping is a variety of the Douche.
In using this kind of bath, the fluid is directed
upon the part on which we are desirous of acting.
The douches descendantes are those in which the
fluid falls from a height,— the douches uscendnn-
tes, those administered in diseases of the uterus,
— the douches horizontales, where the fluid is im-
pelled horizontally, &c. They may be cold or
warm, according to circumstances. The appa-
ratus consists of a reservoir of water having a
pipe or plug, by means of which the water can be
directed as the practitioner may desire. The
Douche communicates a considerable and peculiar
shock to the nervous system ; and is one of the
most successful means for taming the furious
maniac. It is, also, useful in chronic rheumatism,
stiff joints, &c.
Douches of air are, also, occasionally used, as
in cases of obstruction of the Eustachian tube by
mucus. They are sent from an air-press — of
which Deleau and Kramer have invented one
each — through a catheter introduced through the
nose into the tube. -
DOULEUR, Pain— (£. de C6te, Pleurodynia—
d. des Dents, Odontalgia — d. de I'Estomac, Cardial-
gia — d. Nevralgique de I'Estomac, Cardialgia — (/.
Pulsatire, see Throbbing.
DOULFJURS, Pains, labour — d. Conquassantes,
see Conqnassant.
DOUNT, Palpitation.
DOUP, Nates.
DOUSE, Douche.
DOUVE, Distoma hepaticum — d. du Foie,
Distoma hepaticum — d. Petite, Ranunculus flam-
mula.
DOWN, see Attack.
DOWP, Nates.
DOYLE. Strabismus.
DRACHION, Pugillus.
DRACHM, Drachma, Dram, (F.) Gros. The
ancient name of a piece of money, weighing the
eighth part of an ounce. At the present day it
is used for this weight.
DRACO MITIGATUS, Hydrargyri submurias
— d. Sylvestris, Achillea ptarmica.
DRACOCEPH'ALUM CANARIEN'SE,
D. JHoldav'icum, from Spaxwv, ' a dragon,' and
KC(pa\ri, ' head,' from the shape of the corolla,
Mclis'sa Tur'cica SCU Canarien'sis, Cedronel'la
triphyl'la, Alpi'ni BaV sumum, Turkey or Ciina'ry
Balsam, Balm of Gil'ead Tree, (F.) 3/elisse de
3loldavie. Ord. Labiatae. A Turkish and Sibe-
rian plant, which has an aromatic taste, joined
with an agreeable flavour. It has been used as a
tonic.
DRACONTH^MA, see Calamus rotang.
DRACONTIUM, Dracunculus. See, also, Dra-
contium foetidum.
Dracon'tium Foe'tidcm, Dracon'tium, from
ipaKioi, ' a dragon,' whose tail the roots resem-
ble, Jcto'des foe'tidus, Symplocar'pus fte'tida,
Pathos foe'tida seu Puto'rii, Arum America'num
DRACUNCULUS
312
DRINK
hrt(B fo'Uo, Spathye'ma fie'tida, Skunk-cabbage,
,Skiink-weed, Poltcat-collarcl, Coto-cvllard, Col-
Irird, Itch-weed, Stink-poke, Swamp-cabhaije,Pole' -
cfif-weed, Hel'lehore, El'lehore, Jrinh cabbaye.
Ord. Aroidese or Araceae. Sex. Syst. Tetrandria
Miinogynia. This indigenous plant, as some of
its names import, is extremely fetid. The pro-
perty on which its medical virtues are dependent,
resides in a volatile principle, which is impaired
l\y long keeping, especially in powder. Dose, of
the dried root, Drncontium, (Ph. U. S.,) ten to
twenty grains. It resembles asafcetida and
other fetid gums in its properties ; in other words,
belongs to the class of reputed antispasmodics.
DiiACONTiuM Angustis'patiia, Symplocar' puB
Awjmtis'patha, Narroic-epathed Sknnk-eabbage,
i.« possessed of similar properties.
DllACUN'CULUS, diminutive of 6(,aKwv, 'a
dragon or serpent,' B. Got-'diua, Drucon'tium,
Vena MedV nn Ar'abum, Vena seu Gor'diua Jlfedi-
iien'sis, JIfedinoc/or'dius, Vermic'uliis Copilla'rie,
Fild'ria Medinen'sis seu Gitineen'nis, 3fiilis Dra-
ciin'cuhis seu Gor'dii, He.hninthon'cvs iledinensis,
jiftiscnlar Hairworm, Bichios, Bicho, Guinea
Worm or Threadworm, (F.) Bragonneau, Ver de
Gninie, Ver Filaire, V. de Medine, V. cntane,
Vcine ou Filaire de 3fedine. A genus of worms,
frequently met with in Indian and African climes.
They are characterized by a filiform body, and
are smooth and nearly of equal thickness through-
out. The Guinea worm, when small, insinuates
itself through the cutaneous pores, and pene-
trates into the areolar membrane and between the
muscles; especially between those of the lower
limbs, where it occasions a tumour like a boil,
which subsequently suppurates, and the head of
the worm appears and emerges gradually. The
head must then be seized, and the worm be cau-
tiously rolled round a small cylinder of linen or
other substance. Care must be taken not to
break it, as great pain and obstinate suppuration
might be the consequence.
Considerable obscurity rests on this subject.
Rome even deny that the cases of Dracunculus,
on record, are really those of worms.
Dracmnculus Polyphyllus, Arum dracuncu-
lus — d. Pratensis, Achillea ptarmica.
BRAOEES, (F.) Almonds or dried preserves,
covered with white sugar; Sugar-plums.
DRAGEES BE KEYSER. A pharmaceuti-
cal preparation, formerly much celebrated in
syphilis. It was composed of acetate of mercury,
manna, starch, mucilage and gum trayacanth.
PRAGMA, Pugillus.
DRAGMIS, Pugillus.
BR AG ON (F.), Bragon. Some authors have
given this name to opake spots on the cornea,
and to cataract.
Dragon Claw, Scaly, Pterospora andromedea
— d. Green, Arum dracontium — d. Root, Arum
triphyllum, Pterospora andromedea — d. Turnip,
Arum triphyllum.
DRAGON'S BLOOD, see Calamus rotang.
BRAGONNEAU, Dracunculus.
DRAINING, Besieca'tio, (F.) Bessechement.
The act of drawing off the water from marshes,
for the purpose of destrojing the unhealthy ema-
nations which proceed from them. It is a well
known fact, that from marshes arise certain ema-
nations or miasmata, with the nature of which
we are, however, totally unacquainted, but which
are the fertile source of intermittents and other
diseases. Draining the soil and converting it
into arable land changes its character, and the
malaria ceases to be given off. It has happened,
however, that although in some such situations
intermittents have been got rid of, consumptions
have taken their place.
DRAITSCH WATER, Godesberg, mincrnl
waters of.
DRAKENA, Dorstenia contrayerva.
DRAM, Melancholic.
BR APE A U ( F.), Vciirhim, from drop, ' cloth.'
A bandage, used in wounds, Ac, of (lie nose, to
keep the dressings in situ. It is composed of a
small triangular compress, having two openings
at its inferior part, corresponding to those of tiio
nostrils. It is fixed by means of a handa^'o,
passing from its superior angle over the head,
and another passing round the head, under tlio
orbits, so as to join the first at the nape of the
neck. Also, Pterygion.
BRAP FANON, see Fanon.
DRASTIC, Braf'ticus, Cenot'ic, (F.) Brastiqne,
from Spaui, '1 operate strongly.' Active. An
epithet given to purgatives, which operate power-
fully ; as elateriiim, oil of croton, Ac.
DRAUGllT, HauHtua. A term also applied,
by nurses, to the sudden rush of blood to the
mammse, occasioned in the mother by the sight,
or even thought, of her infant, and which occa-
sions a greatly-increased secretion of milk.
Draught, Black, see Infusum sennas compo-
situm.
DRAWING, see Digestives.
DRAX, Pugillus.
DREAM, Somnium — d. Waking, Uallucination.
BRECIIE, Malt.
DREGISTER, Druggist.
DREGS, Feculence.
DRENCH, (Sax. ■opencean, 'to soak.') To
give liquid physic by force. A liquid medicine,
given by violence, is called "a drench."
DREPANOIDES, Falciform.
DRESS, Vestitus.
DRESSER, from (F.) dresser, 'to put right.'
An hospital assistant, whose office it is to die?3
wounds, ulcers, <fcc. He corresponds in function
to the Eleve externe of the French hospitals.
DRESSING, Cura, Cura'tio, {¥.) Pavsenmil.
Same etymon. The methodical application of
any remedy or apparatus to a diseased part.
Also, the remedy or apparatus itself.
DRIBURG, MINERAL WATERS OF. At
the small town of Driburg, near Pyriuont, in
Germany, there are nine springs, which are rich
in saline ingredients, iron, and carbonic acid gas.
Their action on the ecomony is lilie that of Pyr-
mont water. They contain chloride of sodium,
sulphate of magnesia, sulphate of lime, carbonate
of lime, carbonate of magnesia, carbonate of iron,
chloride of calcium, and chloride of magnesium.
DRIMYPHA'GIA, from ipiiivi, 'acrid,' 'aro-
matic,' and ^ayu), 'I eat' An aromatic and ex-
citing diet.
DRIMYS WINTERI, AVintera aromatica.
DRINK, from Sax. »pencan,/-'oma,7^'()'o,/'o'"»,
Bev'erage, (F.) Boisson. Every liquid introduced
into the alimentary canal for the purpose of re-
pairing the loss of the fluid parts of the body.
The necessity for its use is indicated by the sen-
sation of thirst. Fluid, taken during a ine.il, aids
in the digestion of the food. Some drinks are
exciting and tonic, as the different varieties of
beer, wine, and spirits, which we use at tiiliie.
In a therapeutical point of view, drinks are used
to appease the thirst which prevails in febrile
affections, or to act as diluents in those and other
cases.
The ordinary drinks, according to their chemi-
cal composition, are — L Water, spring water,
river water, well water, <fec. — 2. .Juices and m/"-
eions of Animal and Vegetable substances, leinon
juice, currant juice, whey, ten, coffee, mattee, Ac.
— 3. Fermented Liquors, v/'mcs, ale, beer, ciucr,
perry. — 4. Spirituous Liquors, brandy, alcohol,
DRIVELLING
313
DUCKFOOT
ether, kirschwasser, rum, arack, gin, whisky,
rtktiifi IS, cordials, Ac.
U1UV1!;LMN'(;, slavering.
UKOAT, Throat.
DKODDUM, Natea.
DliOdUK, Drug.
DROGUlElt (¥.). Same etymon as drug. A
collection of (liB'orent simple medicinal sub.stances.
A iiu'tliodical collection of specimens of drugs.
L>li<>(! (IIS TE, D r u ggis t.
DUOICH, Nanus.
DliOIT, Rectus — d. de V Abdomen, Rectus ab-
dominis— d. Aiiterieur de la cuisse, Rectus femoris
— d. Anlerieiir de la tete, Rectus capitis internus
minor — d. Aiiterieur de la tete, grand, Rectus
capitis internus major — d. Externe de I'oeil, Rec-
tus externus oculi — d. Inferieur de I'wil, Rectus
inferior oculi — d. Interne de la cuisse. Gracilis —
d. Interne de I'teil, Rectus internus oculi — d.
Lathnl de la tete, Rectus capitis lateralis — d.
J'onlerienr de la tete, yraud. Rectus capitis posti-
cus major — d. Post^rieiir de la tite, petit. Rectus
capitis posticus minor — d. Sup6rieur, Rectus stf-
perior oculi.
DROP, Gutta — d. Ague, tasteless, Liquor ar-
seniealis — d. lilack, Guttaj nigrae — d. Red, Ward's,
see Vinutn antimonii tartarizati — d. Serene,
Amaurosis.
DROPACISMUS, Depilation.
DiiOPAX, Depilatory.
DROPPED HANDS, see Hands, dropped.
DROPS, ABBE ROUSSEAU'S, Laudanum
Abbatis Rousseau — d. Anodyne, Liquor morphi-
iiiB acetatis — d. Antiscorbutic, Marsden's, see In-
fiisuni gentiana) compositum — d. Anti-venereal,
fee Tinctura ferri muriatis — d. Chamomile, see
Anthemis nobilis — d. Dutch, Balsam of sulphur,
Balsam of Turpentine — d. Fit, Spiritus animoniae
fcetiiius, see P'uligo — d. Golden, de la Motte's,
Tinclura seu alcoliol sulfurico-aethereus ferri — d.
Green's, see Licjuor Ilydrargyri oxymuriatis — d.
Jesuit's, Tinctura benzoini coinposita — d. Laven-
der, Spiritus Lavandula} compositus — d. Nitre,
Spiritus ajthoris nitrici — d. Norris's, see Antimo-
nium tiirtarizatuiu — d. Norton's, Liquor Ilydrar-
gyri Oxymuriatis — d. Pectoral, Pectoral drops,
Bateinan's — d. Peppermint, Pastilli de mentha
piperita — d. Soot, see Fuligo — d. Wade's, Tinc-
tura benzoini composita — d. White, Ward's, see
Ilyilrarsyri nitras.
Ditofs, Waiuuirg's. a secret preparation used
in Deuiarara under the name of Warburg's Fever
Drops. See Bebeeru.
DROPSICAL, Hydropic.
DROPSIED. Hvdropic.
DROPSY, Hydrops— d. of the Belly, Ascites—
d. of the Brain, Hydrocephalus.
DROPf^Y, CauDIAC. Hydrops cnrdiaciis, (F.)
Hi/dropisie cardinque. Dropsy, dependent on
disease of the heart.
Dropsy of the Cellular Membranr, Ana-
sarca— d. of the Chest, Hydrothorax — d. of the
Lye, Ilydroplithalmia.
Diiopsv, FiBRiNOi:s. Dropsj' in which the
elTused fluid contains fibrin.
DitopsY, General, Anasarca — d. of the Head,
Hydrocephalus.
DuopsY, HepAt'ic, Hydrops liepal'icus, (F.)
Ifi/dropisie hepntique. Drops}', dependent on
disease of the liver.
Dropsy ok the Lachrymal Sac, Fistula lacry-
nialis, Lachryinul hernia — d. of the Pericardium,
Hydropericardium — d. of the Peritoneum, Ascites
— d. of the Pleura, Hydrothorax.
Dropsy, Renal, Hydrops rena'Us, (F.) Hy-
dropisie rfnale. Dropsy, dependent on disease of
the kidney.
Dropsy, Water of, Sorura of Serous mem-
branes—d Wind, Emphysema.
Drop.sy of the Womb, Hydrometra.
DROPWORT, Spiraea filipendula — d. Hem-
lock, Qinanthe — d. Water, Hemlock, (Enanthe—
d. Western, Gillenia trifoliata.
DROPYK, Hydrops.
DROS'ERA ROTUNDIFO'LIA, from Spoaepoa,
'dewy,' ipoaos, 'dew,' the leaf glands exuding a
clear fluid like dew drops. The systematic name
of the SitndeiB, lioa solis, Drosiobot'anon, Uro'-
sitim, liorel'ld, (F.) liossoUs, Itosee du soleil,
Herbe d la rosee. Ord. Droseraceae. This plant
has a bitter, acrid, and caustic taste. It has
been used ae a rubefacient, and to destroy warts
and corns. It has, also, been regarded as a
pectoral.
DROSIOBOTANON, Drosera rotundifolia.
DROSISTICON, see Bosa.
DROSIUM, Drosera rotundifolia.
DROSOMELI, Fraxinus ornus.
DROW, Syncope.
DRUG, JHedicdinen'tiim, (F.) Drogue. A name
ordinarily applied to simple medicines, but, by
extension, to every substance employed in the
cure of disease. Menage derives it from droga,
and this from the Persian droa, 'odour;' because
many drugs have a strong odour. It is, doubt-
less, from the Teutonic trocken, Sax. ©jiigan, 'to
dry.'
Drug. To prescribe or administer drugs.
Most commonly, perhaps, to dose to excess with
drugs. One who so doses is sometimes called "a
drugger." " To drug," also means to tincture
with some medicinal article.
Drug Disease. A morbid condition, which
is — or is presumed to be — caused or kept up by
the administration of drugs.
Drug-grinder, see Pulverization — d. Mill,
see Pulverization.
DRUGGER, Druggist, see Drug.
DRUGGIST, Drugger, Dnigster, (Prov.) Dre-
gister. Same etymon. Pharmacopo'la, 3Iateri-
alis'ta, Scplasia'rius, Pharmucopw'us, (F.) Dio-
guiste. One who sells drugs.
DRUGSTER, Druggist.
DRUM, Melancholic.
DRUM OF THE EAR, Tympanum,
DRUM-SIEVE, see Cribration.
DRUNKENNESS, Temulentia.
DRUNKEWORT, Nicotiana tabacum.
DRYING, Dcsicca'tion, Sicca'tio, Desict-a'tio,
Exsicca'tin, Xeriin'sis, Auan'sis, same etymon as
Drug, (F.) Dessiccation. Evaporation or removal
of the superfluous humidity in a body.
Drying of Plants, Desicca'tio lierba'rum,
Desicca'tion of Plants. Those which are very
succulent should be dried quickly. They must be
spread upon lattice %vork, covered from the light,
and exposed to the heat of the sun or to that of
a stove, not exceeding 110° Fahrenheit. The
drying of less succulent plants can be effected at
a lower temperature. Flouers must be dried
very carefully, excluding light. Seeds are dried
in a place whore there is a free current of air.
Pulpy fruits may be exposed to a gentle heat in
a stove, which may be gradually elevated. Roots
may also be dried in the stove : the tuberous re-
quire to be cut in slices.
DRY NURSE, see Nurse
DTHOKE, Framboesia.
DUAL'ITY, Dual'itas, from duo, 'two.' The
state or quality of being two.
Duality of the Mind, or Brain. As the
organ consists of two hemispheres, they have
been regarded by some as separately and dis-
tinctly concerned in the mental and moral mani-
festations.
DUALM. Svncope.
DUCKFOOT, see Kyllosis.
DUCKLEGGED
314
DURE-Mi:RE
DUCKLEGGED. Having short legs like a
duck.
DUCKSFOOT, Podophyllum montanum.
DUCT, ALIMENTARY, Canal, alimentary.
Thoracic duct.
Duct of Bellini, Uriniferous tube.
Duct, Nasal, Lachrymal duct — d. Pancre-
atic, see Pancreas.
Duct of Pecquet, Thoracic duct.
Duct, Vitelline, see Vesicula umbilicalis.
Duct of Wirsung, see Pancreas.
DUCTIO PR^PUTII, Masturbation.
DUCTLESS GLANDS, see Ganglion.
DUCTOR CANALICULATUS, Gorget — d.
Urinse, Ureter.
DUCTULI RECTI, see Rete testis.
DUCTUS, Canal, Meatus — d. Arteriosus, Arte-
rial duct — d. Auris palatinus, Eustachian tube.
Ductus B artholini a'nus, Bar'tholin's
Duct, (F.) CViJifi/ t/e Bartholin. The excretory
duct of the sublingual gland.
Ductus Belliniani, Uriniferous tubes
— d. Biliarii, Pori biliarii — d. Biliferi, Pori biliarii
— d. Botalli, Arterial duct — d. Choledochus,
Chuledoch duet — d. Chyliferus, Thoracic duct —
d. Cibarius, Canal, alimentary — d. Excretorius,
Excretory duct — d. Ferreini, Ferrein, canal of — d.
Hepaticu.<, Hepatic duct — d. Incisivus, Palatine
duct (anterior) — d. Intestinalis, Canal, alimen-
tary— d. Lacteus, Thoracic duct — d. Lacryma-
lis, Lachrymal duct — d. Lacrunialis, Lachrymal
duct — d. Nasalis orbitiE, Lachrymal or nasal duct
— d. Nasalo-palatinus, Palatine duct (anterior) —
d. ad Nasum, Lachrymal or nasal duct — d. Nu-
tritii. Canals, nutritive — - d. Ornphalo-mesenteri-
cus, see Vesicula umbilicalis — d. Pancreaticus, see
Pancreas — d. Pecqueti, Thoracic duct — d. Pneu-
maticus, see Air-bladder — d. Punctorum lacry-
malium. Lachrymal ducts — d. Riviniani, see Sub-
lingual gland — d. Rorifer, Thoracic duct.
Ductus Saliva'lis Infe'riok, i>. Whartonm'-
nxv, (F.) Canal de Warthon. The excretory duct
of the submaxillary gland.
Ductus Saliva'lis Supe'rior, D. Stenonia'-
71HS, Steno's IJiict, (P.) Canal de Stenon. The
excretory duct of the parotid gland which opens
into the mouth opposite the second upper molar
tonth.
Ductus Semi-Circulares Labyrinthi, Semi-
circular canals — d. Sercjsi, Lymphatic vessels — d.
Spirales cochleae, Seahe of the cochlea — d. Ste-
nonianus, Ductus salivalis superior — d. Thora-
cicus, Thoracic duct — d. Urinae, Ureter — d. Uri-
narius. Urethra — d. Uriniferi Bellini, Uriniferous
tubes — d. Varicosi uteri, Tubao Fallopianaj — d.
Venosus, Canal, venous — d. Vitellarius, see Ve-
sicula umbilicalis — d. Vitello-intestinalis, see Ve-
sicula umbilicalis — d. Waltheriani, see Sublin-
gual gland— d. Whartonianus, Ductus salivalis
inferior — d. M^irsungianus, see Pancreas.
DUELECH, Dulech.
DUEL'LA. The ancient name of a weight,
■which was equivalent to eisrht scruples.
DUELLUM VENEREUM, Coition.
DUG. Nipple.
DULCAMARA, Solanum dulcamara — d. Flex-
uosa, Solanum dulcamara.
DULCEDO AMORIS, Clitoris— d. Sputatorum,
see Salivation.
DULECII, Diieheh. A term employed by
Paracelsus and Van Helmont to designate a pre-
tended tartarized substance, which forms in the
human body, and produces acute pain, accompa-
nied with great danger.
DULL. Deaf.
DULSE, Rhndomela palmata— d. Pepper, Lau-
rcntia pinnatifida.
DUMB, see Mutitas.
DUMBNESS, Mutitas.
DUNBLANE, MINERAL WATERS OP.
The springs of Dunblane, in Scotland, contain
sulphate of soda, chlorides of sodium and cul.
cium, and carbonate of iron.
DUNCJ, Fimus — d. Cow's, Fimus Vacca; — d.
Goose, Fimus anseris — d. Stone-horso, Fimua
equinus.
DUNGA, Dengue.
DUNT, Palpitation.
DUODE'NAL, Dnodenn'Us, (F.) Duodenal.
Relating or appertaining to the duodenum.
DUODENI'TIS, Dudecadactyli'tl/i, (F.) Duo.
denite. A hybrid term, from dnodennm, and iti'n,
denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the
du(jdenum, characterized by white tongue, bitter
taste, anorexia, fulness and tenderness in the
region of the duodenum, and often yellowness
of skin, along with the ordinary signs of febrile
irritation.
DUODE'NUM, from dnodeni, 'twelve.' Ven-
tric'ii/nn Snccentiiria'tiis, Ec'physis sen Appeu'dix
seu Procen'suH Ventric'idi, Portona'rinm, Dude-
cadac'hjlon, (from liuiltcKa, 'twelve,' and iaitTuXof,
' a finger.') The duodenum is the first part of
the intestinal canal, commencing at the i)yloric
orifice of the stomach, and terminating in the
jejunum. Its length is about twelve fingers'
breadth, and as it is only partially covered by the
peritoneum, it is susceptible of considerable dila-
tation ; hence its name Ventricnlnn snccentnriatua.
In the duodenum, chi/h'fication takes place after
the admixture of the biliary and pancreatic fluids
with the chyme.
DUO-STERNAL. Beelard thus names the
second osseous portion of the sternum, which
corresponds to the second intercostal space.
DUPLICA'TION, (duo, 'two,' and plionre,
plicatiirn, 'to fold.') Dvph'ca'tio, Diiplic" Itut,
Diplanian'miiK, Dipfo'sis, (F.) DnpUcite. A spe-
cies of malformation or monstrosity, character-
ized by the parts concerned being doubled. See
Diplogenesis.
Duplication of the Foetus, Evolution, spon-
taneous.
DU'PLICATURE, DnpHcatu'ra, Eejlvc'tion.
Same etymon. The folding or reflection of a
membrane upon itself; as Dnplicainre or refiec-
tion (if the ]>/eitra, peritoneum, <fcc.
DUPLICITAS MONSTROSA, see Diplogene-
sis.
DUPLICITE, Duplication.
DUPON'DIUM. A weight of four drachms.
— Galen.
DUR, Hard.
DURA MATER, Cransa seu Dnra meniur,
Selerome'ninx, 3/eni'nx exte'rior seu sclern seu
dermato'des seu itacjiei'a, of Galen, Dura meni-
bra'iia cer'ehrum am'hiens, Cntieula'ria memhra -
na, 3feningc, (Ch.) It has been called dui-a, be-
cause of its great resistance; and mater, because
it was believed to give rise to every membrane
of the body. (F.) Dure mire, Dure-taye (Par6.)
It is a fibrous, semi-transparent membrane, of a
pearly-white colour, thick, and very resisting;
lines the cavity of the cranium, and contains the
spinal marrow: protects the brain and marrow;
and, by its various expansions — the falx cerebri,
tentorium, Ac, — supports the diff"crent parts of
the cerebral mass. The largest artery of the dura
mater is the A. menincja'a me'dia.
Dura Mater, Lateral Processes of the,
Tentorium — d. m. Testis, Albuginea.
DURATION OF LIFE, see Life— d. of Preg-
nancy, see Pregnancy.
DUUE-MERE, Dura mater.
DURE-TAYE
315
DYSCRASIA
Df'RE-TA YE, Dura mater.
nUHEE BE LA VIE, see Longevity.
Di'RETE D'OREILLE, Baryecoia— (Z. de
rOiiie, Deafness.
DIJRILLON, Callosity.
DUllUS, Hard.
DUSTING BAG. In pharmacy, a kind of
sieve, which consists of a bag made of lawn or
other like material, hung inside of a wide-mouthed
bottle or tin canister, to the mouth of which it is
secured. The powdered substance is put into
the bag, and the mouth being closed with a cover,
the apparatus is shaken, and the finer particles
pass into tlie bottle or canister.
DUTCHMAN'S PIPE, Aristolochia hirsuta.
DIITIIOA, Datura stramonium.
DWALK, COMMON, Atropa belladonna.
DWAIU'', Nanus — d. Flag, Iris lacustris.
DWAUFISII, see Nanus.
DWAHFISIINESS, Nanosomus.
DYCTOIDES, Reticular.
DYERS' BROOM, Genista tinctoria— d. Weed,
Genista tinctoria. Reseda luteola.
DYNAMETER, Dynamometer.
DYNAM'IC, /)i/iiam'!a<,l, Di/nnm'iois, (F.)
Di/iifiiiiirjiie. Same etymon. In Mechanics, /))/-
iiitiu'icK investigates the powers whereby bodies
are put in motion, and the laws connected there-
with. In Biology, tliat which relates to the vital
forces, to the organism in action. Vital Dijnn-
micn. The influences of agents on the organism,
which are ascribable to neitiier meclianical nor
chemical causes, are sometimes termed di/nnnn'c.
In this sense, it is a favorite term with the ho-
moenpathists, who maintain that, by certain pro-
cesses, called, in the aggregate, dynnmiza'tion
nnd pote>iti'z)t)/j. the dynamic powers of a medi-
cine may be set free and developed — as by shaking
the bottle in which the article is contained, or by
mixing an unlimited number of unmedicated
globules with one that is medicated, and shaking
them together. In this way, the former become
]uilrutize(l !
Dynamic Diseases, see Organic.
DYNAMICS, VITAL, see Dynamic.
DYNAMICUS, Dynamic.
DYNAMIS, Faculty, Force.
DYXAMIZATION, see Dynamic.
DYNAMOM'ETER, Uyo'dynnmhm'etcr, Il/i/o-
diinamiim'eler, (F.) Di/ii(imo»ictre, from Svva/jLi;,
'force,' 'vital power,' and fierpov, 'measure.' An
instrument, contrived by M. Regnier, for mea-
suring the comparative muscular strength of man
and animals. It consists of a spring, which,
when pressed upon, causes a needle to move upon
a portion of a circle, furnished with a scale of
kilogrammes and one of myriagrammes. To
measure the strength of the hands, the two
branches of the spring are firmly grasped, and
brought as near together as the force can carry
them. This effort makes the needle traverse, and
inilieutes, on the scale of kilogrammes, the
strength of the experimenter's hands. A man,
25 or .SO years of age, exerts a force commonly
equal to oO kilogrammes or 100 pounds.
The strength of the loins of a man, about 30
years of age, as indicated by this instrument, is
usually about 30 myriagrammes, or 265 pounds,
which shows the weight he is capable of raising.
From experiments made by Peron, in his voy-
age, on 12 individuals of Van Diemen's Land, 17
of Now Holland, 56 of the Island of Timor, 17
Frenchmen belonging to the expedition, nnd 14
Englishmen in the colony of New South Wales,
he found their comparative strength, indicated
by the dynamometer, to be as follows :
STllEKGTU
Natives op
of the
arm.
of the
loins.
Kiloy.
Ih8.
Myri.
lbn.
1. Van Diemen's
Land.
2. New Holland.
3. Timor.
4. France.
5. England.
50.6
50.8
58.7
69.2
71.4
101.2
101.6
117.4
138.4
142.4
10.2
11.6
15.2
15.2
208.08
238.64
310.08
332.52
Dynamometer or Dynam'eter, Mei)ic"i.val.
An instrument, invented by Dr. Paris, for the
purpose of showing the quantity of active matter
contained in a given weight or measure of any
officinal compound, with the dose of any i)repa-
ration, which will be equivalent in strength to a
given quantity of any other of the same class.
The instrument is more ingenious than usefuL
DY^NAMOPATHY^ Homoeopathy.
DYOTA, Diota.
DYS, 6vi, in composition, 'difficult, faulty;'
sometimes privative; mostly answering to the
particles din, in, mis, or ini, in English. Hence:
DYSiE'MIA, from 6vs, 'with difficulty,' and
'aifia, 'blood.' A morbid condition of the blood.
DYSTESTHE'SIA, 7)y«(B8(;tc'«»*, from ivi,
'with ditficulty,' and aia^uvo/uai, 'I feel.' Ob-
scure, diminished, or even abolished sensation.
DysvEsthesia AiTDiTORiA, Cophosis — d. Gus-
tatoria, Ageustia — d. Interna, Amnesia — d. 01-
factoria. Anosmia.
Dys^sthk'sia Visua'lis, Parop'ais. Sense
of sight vitiated or lost.
DYS^.STHESIS, Dyssesthesia.
DYSANAGO'GOS, from hvi, 'with difficulty,'
and avayii), ' I bring up.' That which is expecto-
rated with difficulty. An epithet given, by the
Greek writers, to the sputa, when expectorated
with difficulty, on account of their viscidity.
DYSANNARRHOPHE'SIS,X)y«nin;v;K>/)A'/(r;
from ius, 'with difficulty,' and avappo(priais, 'ab-
sorption.' Diminished absorption from morbid
causes. _
DYS'APHE, Dysaph'ia, from 6vs, and a<pri,
'feeling.' Morbid feeling.
DYSAPULO'TUS, Dysapu'his, Dysrpulotos,
Di/sep>do'ticns, Dysido'tnn, from Sus, and cjroiAoa),
to heal.' Healing with difficulty.
DYSARTHRITIS, Gout, irregular.
DYSCATABROSIS, Dysphagia.
DYSCATAPOSIS, Dysphagia.
DY'SCATAPO'TIA, from Svs, and Karanivw, 'I
drink.' Difficulty of swallowing liquids. This
term is recommended by Dr. Mead as a substitute
for hydrophobia, which means dread of liquids.
The dread seems to be partly caused by the diffi-
culty of deglutition.
DYSCIIE'ZIA, from ivg, and x^i^'^> '*« S^ to
stool.' Difficult and painful defecation.
DYSCHRCE'A, from Svs, 'with difficulty,' and
y/)uu or XP"'"' 'colour.' Dinchro'a. Sickly and
unhealthy colour of the skin. Used synony-
mously with the maculcB of Willan.
DY'SCHROMATOPSIA, Achromatopsia.
J) YSCn YMOSEN, Chvmoplnnia.
DYSCINE'SIA, (F.) I)ysci>,e«ie, from }vi,
'with difficulty,' and icii'tu), ' I move.' Difficulty
or utter incapability of moving. — Galen.
DY'SCOILIA. Constipation.
DYSCOPHO'SIS, from Svi, 'with difficulty,'
and Kvpoiii, ' I am deaf.' A defect in the sense
of hearing. — Hippocrates.
DY'SCO'RIA, Coremetamorpho'sis, from ^i/s,
and Koptj, 'the pupil.' Irregularity of shape of
the pupil.
DYSCRA'SIA, from 6\Ji, and irpaCTK, 'tempera-
DYSCRASIACUM
81G
DYSOPIA
ment.' Tntcmpe'ries, Dlntemperan'tta, Dye'crasy.
A bad habit of body. See Dysthetica.
Dysckasia. Pot.vto'uum. Dyscrasia of drinkers.
The aggregate of cachectic phenomena exhibited
by those who indulge in alcoholic liquors.
Dyschasia Satursi\a, Saturuismus — d. Scro-
fulosa. Scrofula — d. Tuberculosa, see Tubercle.
DYSCRASIACUM, Spana;mic.
DYSCRASY, Dyscrasia— d. Bilious, Cholosis,
Icterus.
DYS'CRITOS, from iv?, 'with difficulty,' and
•foiiTi?, 'judgment.' That which it is difficult to
judge of. — Hippocrates.
DYSDA'CRIA, Dysdacnjo'sis, from Svs, and
&aKpvov, ' a tear.' A morbid condition of the tears.
DYSDACRYOSIS, Dysdaeria.
DYSECCRIS'IA, from 6v;, and tKicpitrts, 'ex-
cretion.' Difficult or defective excretion.
DYSECOIA, Baryecoia, Deafness.
DYSEL'CIA, Dijsepnlo'tus, from ^ti?, 'with
difficulty,' and 'cXko^, 'an ulcer.' An ulcer diffi-
cult to heal. — Hippocrates, Foesius.
DYSEMESIA, Vomiturition.
DYSENTERIA, Dysentery — d. Biliosa, Colo-
cholosis — d. Haematera, Dysentery — d. Hepatica,
ITepatirrhoea — d. Maligna, Enterocace — d. Pu-
trida, Enterocace — d. Scorbutica, Enterocace —
d. Splenica, Melisna — d. Typhodes, Enterocace.
DYSENTER'IC, Dijseuter'icns, Di/sen'terus,
(F.) Dynenteriqne, Di/sseiiteriqite. Same etymon
as Dysentery. Relating to dysentery.
DYSENTERfE, Dysentery.
DYSENTERIUM, Dysentery.
DYSENTERONERVIA, Colic— d. Saturnina,
Colica inetallica.
DYS'ENTERY, Dyaenier'ia, D. heemate'ra,
Dyoenter'him, from ivs, and evrtpov, 'an intes-
tine.' Dijficnl'tas intesttno'rum, Dissolu'tHS mor-
him, Dinrrhoe'n carnosa, Coli'tis, Coloui'tis,
(^tlo-recti'tis, Endocoli'tis, Esocoli'tia, Deflux'us
Di/neiiter'icus, Febris Di/senter'ica, Elumen dys-
ciitericum, FhixuH dysenter'icus seu cruen'-
tns cum Tenes'mo, Jiheumatis'mus intestino'rum
cum nl'cere, Tor'mina, T. Celni, Blennenter'ia,
Morhns disnoln'tits, Sedes cruen'ta, Lnea dyseti-
tfi-'ica, Bloody Flux; Flux, (F.) DijHenterie,
Dyoaenten'e, Flux dysenterique, Flux de Sang.
Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the
large intestine; the chief symptoms of which
are : — fever, more or less inflammatory, with fre-
quent mucous or bloody evacuations ; violent
tormina and tenesmus. When the evacuations
do not contain blood, it has been called Dysen-
tP.r' ia alba or simple Dysentery, Myco-dysentev'ia.
The seat of the disease is, generally, in the colon
and rectum. It occurs, particularly, during the
summer and autumnal months, and in hot cli-
mates more than in cold : frequently, also, in
camps and prisons, in consequence of impure air,
and imperfect nourishment : and is often epidemic.
Sporadic eases of dysentery are, generally, easily
managed ; but when the disease occurs epidemi-
cally, it often exhibits great malignancy. Gene-
rally, it yields to mild laxatives, as castor oil,
combined with diaphoretic narcotics, such as the
pulcis ipecacuanha compositus, and counter-
irritants to the abdomen ; but, at times, the in-
flammation runs on so speedily to ulceration,
that, unless a new action be rapidly excited,
death will be the consequence. In such cases,
mercury must be rapidly introduced into the
system, and narcotics may be combined with it.
The whole management in acute dysentery
must, of course, be strictly antiphlogistic.
Dysenteuv, Bilious, Coloeholosis.
DYSEPULOTICUS, Dysapulotus.
DYSEPULOTOS, Dvsapulotos, Dyselcia.
DYSGALACTIA, Dysgalia.
DYSGA'LIA, Dyngnlnc'tia, from ^uj, and ya\a,
yaXtiKTos, 'milk.' An unhealthy condition or
depravation of the milk.
DYSGENNE'SIA, from 6vi, and Ycwncif, 'ge-
neration.' Lesion of the generative organs or
functions.
DYSGEU'SIA, Disgexis'tia, from iv;, and
ytvaii, ' taste.' A morbid condition of the sanse
of taste.
DYSH^MORRIIffi'A,from Svs, 'a,^a, 'blood,'
and ptu), ' to flow.' Difficulty in the flow of blood,
— according to some, of the hemorrhoidal flux.
Also, symptoms occasioned by its diminution or
suppression. — Sagar.
DYSH^'MIA, from rluf, and 'aifxa, 'blood.'
A morbid condition of the blood.
DYSHAPH'IA, Bysaph' ia,irom iv;, and 'a^ij,
'touch.' A morbid condition of the sense of
touch.
DYSHI'DRIA, Dysi'dria, from ivi, and 'K^puj,
' sweat.' A morbid .state of the perspiriitiyn.
DYSI' ATOS, hvataToi, from ivi, 'with difii-
cnlty,' and laoixat, 'to heal;' Cura'tu diffic'ilit.
Difficult of cure. — Hippocrates.
DYSLALIA, Balbuties, Bradylogia.
DYSLOCHI'A, Col'ica lochia'lin, Hysteral'cjia
loehia'lis, from &vi, and Ao;^iof ; 'relating to par-
turition.' Diminution or suppression of the lo-
ch ial discharge.
DYSMASE'SIS, Bysmasae'sis, Bradymaase'ait,
from ^uf, 'with difficulty,' and ftuar/ai;, 'mastica-
tion.' Difficult or impeded mastication.
DYSMENIA, Dysmenorrhoea.
BYSMENORRH£e, Dysmenorrhoea.
Dl'^SMENORRIKE'A, Byame'nia, Parame'nia
difljc"ilia, 3fcitnrrhag"ia 8tillatit"ia, Men'atrua
difficil'ia seu Boloro'aa, Amenorrha'a diffic"ilii
seu partia'lia, 3feiiae8 dolori/'iccB, Jilenuriha'gia
diffic"ilia, Ifenstrua'lio diffic"ili8 seu dolorif'ica,
Lnbo'rious or Bifficult Menstrua'tion, (F.) Dt/sine-
norrhSe, llenstruation difficile, Riylea difficilea,
Strangurie menatruelle. Catamenia passed with
great local pain, especially in the loins: — with
sometimes a membranous discharge. Dysme-
norrhoea is very difficult of removal, and prevents
conception. In the married female, if she should
be able to pass one period without pain, and sub-
sequently become pregnant, the morbid action
may be broken in upon by gestation, and a per-
fect cure be obtained. Change of air, soon after
marriage, will sometimes give occasion to this
desirable result. The afi"ection generally depends
upon erethism of the interior of the uterus,
called into action at each catamenial period. The
violence of the pain requires the liberal use of
narcotics.
DYSMNE'SIA, from S„s, 'badly,' and iivtim,
'memory.' Defective memory.
DYSMORPHE, Deformation.
DYSMORPHIA, Deformation.
DYSMORPHOSIS, Deformation.
B YSNEPIlRONEIi VIE, Nephralgia.
DYSODES, Fetid.
DYSO'DIA, Byaod'mia, Bysoa'mia, Fattor,
'foetor,' from Svs, 'badly,' and o^u, 'I smell.'
(F.) Puanteur. Sauvages has given this generic
name to all diseases, characterized by fetid ema-
nations, from whatever part proceeding; — from
the mouth, nasal fossae, bronchia, stomach, axil-
lae, groins, Ac. Also, a stench or stink, Psoa.
DYSODMIA, Dv.sodia.
DYSODONTI'ASIS, Bentif'io diffic"ilia, from
Svs, ' with difficulty,' and oSovnaati, ' dentition.'
Difficult dentition.
DYSONEI'ROS, from Svs, 'with difficulty,' and
oveipos, 'a dream.' Insomnia, with restlessness.
DYSO'PIA, properly Byaop'eia, Byaorn'nit,
signifying 'shame,' from 'Svs, 'with difficulty,'
DYSOPSIA
317
DYSTHANATOS
and oiTTO/iai, ' I see.' Difficulty of seeing : obscu-
rity of vision.
Dysopia Dissitorum, Myopia.
Dysofma liATKllA'LlS, Parop'sis latera'lin,
Skite-niijht, SkeiP-Hirjht, Sight anlcew. Vision only
accurate wiien the object is placed obliquely.
This state is generally caused by some opacity of
the cornea.
Dysopia Luminjs, Nyctalopia — d. Proximo-
ruin. Proi^bvtia — d. Tenebrarum, Ilemeralopia.
DYSOPSIA, Dysopia.
DVSORAS[S, Dysopia.
DYSOIIEX'IA, Iiioppeleii'tm, Appeti'tua de-
fic"ie<"<, from Ivi, ' with difficulty,' and opt^ii,
' u]ip'-'t'fc.' Diminution of appetite.
DYOS'MIA, from ivi, 'with difficulty,' and
aciiri. 'smell.' Diminution of smell.
DYSOSPIIRE'SIA, D^sosphre'nis, Di/sosphra'-
gia, DiiKphre'Hin, from 5uf, and oa^i/riaig, ' the sense
of smell.' A morbid state of the sense of smell.
DYSOSTO'SIS, from ivi, and outcov, 'a bone.'
A fiinlty conformation or morbid condition of
bone.
DYSPATHIA, see Serious.
DYSPEPSIA, from ^ut, ' with difficulty,' and
rtrrraj, 'I concoct.' Limo'sin Di/Hpep'sia, Ano-
rex'ia, Apep'sia, Brady pep' sia, Guntroalax'ia,
Digen'tio deprava'ta seu d>ffic"itiii seu IcBsa, Gaa-
lio-alo'uia, Concoc'tio tarda, Stom'achi renohi'tio,
Cru'ditas, Pnn8io stnmach'ica, Dyspep'iy, Itidi-
gea'titiit, Difficulty of Digestion. A state of the
stomach, in which its functions are disturbed,
without the presence of other diseases, or when,
if other diseases be present, they are of but minor
importance. The symptoms of dyspepsia are
very various. Those affecting the stomach itself
are: — loss of appetite: nausea; pain in the epi-
gastrium or hypochondriuin ; heart-burn ; sense
of fulness, or weight in the stomach ; acrid or
fetid eructations ; pyrosis, and sense of fluttering
or sinking at the pit of the stomach. The sj'mpa-
thctic affections are of the most diversified cha-
racter. Dyspepsia, being generally of a functional
nature, is devoid of danger. AVhen arising from
disease of the stomach itself, it is, of course, more
serious.
It is usually dependent on irregularity of living ;
cither in the quantity or quality of the food taken :
and the most successful treatment is, to put the
patient on a diet easy of digestion ; to combat the
causes, where such are apparent; and, by proper
remedies and regimen, to strengthen the system
in every practicable manner. A great error exists
in regarding it as always a disease of debility.
It is often connected with an inflammatory or
subinflamraatory condition of the raucous lining
of the stomach, and of course a very different
plan of treatment is required in the two cases.
Dyspepsia is often attended with too great a se-
cretion of the gastric acids : but, on other occa-
sions, they would appear to be too small in quan-
tity, so as to constitute alkaline indigestion or
neutral indigestion,
Dyspf.psia Chlorosis, Chlorosis — d. Hypo-
chondriasis, Hypochondriasis — d. Pyrosis, Py-
rosis,
DYSPEPSIODYNIA, Cardialgia.
DYSPEPSODYNIA, Cardialgia.
DYSPKPSY. Dvspepsia.
DYSPEP'TIC, bysjyep'ticus, Dy<'p''p'tus,Apep'.
tie, Apep'ticns ; same etymon. Having relation
to dyspepsia, as 'dyspeptic bread.' One who
suffers from dvspepsia.
DYSPEPTiCUS, Dyspeptic.
DYSPEPTODYXIA, Cardialgia.
DYSPEPTUS. Dyspeptic.
DYSPERM.\'SlA, Dyspermatis'mus, from ivi,
'with difficulty,' and airtpua, 'sperm.' Difficulty
— sometimes incapacity — of voiding the sperm.
DYSPERMATISMUS, Bradyspermatismus.
DY'SPIIA'GI.A, Di/scatabro'sia, Dyacatap'oaia,
Deghitit"io diffic"ilia, D. Im'sa, D. impedi'ta,
from (^uf, 'with difficulty,' and 0aya), 'I eat.'
Difficulty of deglutition. Dysphagia is almost
always symptomatic, either of inflammation or
of other disease of the organs of deglutition, or
of incomplete obstruction of the oesophagus, by
some obstacle within it, or by a neighbouring
tumour. At times, it is produced by spasms or
paralysis of the oesojihagus. The prognosis and
treatment vary according to the cause.
Dysphagia Atonica, Pharyngoplegia.
Dyspha'gia Constric'ta, B. Pharynge'a seu
(Eaophuge'a scu Callo'aa, Strictu'ra Pharyn'gis
seu CEsoph'agi vera seu Callo'sa, Stenocho' ria
(Esoph'agi, (Eaophagiare'tia, LcBmosteno'sia. Stric-
ture of the pharynx and oesophagus is an affec-
tion which may be the result of pharyngitis or
oesophagitis; but more frequently of malignant
disease in the parietes of the tube. The only
remedy is the bougie.
Dysphagia Inflammatoria, (Esophagitis —
d. Pharyngea, D. Constricta — d. (Esophagea, D.
Constricta — d. Spasmodica, (Esophagismus — d.
Callosa, D, Constricta — d. Paralytica, ffisopha-
goplegia, Pharyngoplegia — d. Nervosa, ffisopha-
gismus — d. Torpida, Pharyngoplegia — d. Globosa,
Angone — d. II}'sterica, Angone — d. Inflammato-
ria, Cynanche tonsillaris — d. Linguosa, Para-
glossa — d. Ranula, Ranula — d. Uvulosa, Staphy-
loedema — d. Scirrhosa, Laemoscirrhus — d. Spas-
tica, CFsophagismus.
DY^SPHO'NIA, Dya'pliony, from hvi, and <p(i)vri,
'the voice.' Difficulty of producing and articu-
lating sounds: voice imperfect or depraved.
Aplio'nia (of some).
Dysphonia Immoditlata Nasalis, Rhinopho-
nia — d. Immodulata palatina, Asaphia.
Dl'SPHOR'IA, Inquietn'do, Asta'ain, Dissatis-
faction ; restlessness; suffering; indisposition;
from ivs, and (Jtpo), ' I bear.'
Dysphoria Axxietas, Anxiety — d. Nervosa,
Fidijets — d. Simplex, Fidgets.
DYSPHOTIA, Myopia.
DYSPHRESIS, Dysosphresia.
DYSPIO'NIA, from 6vs, and tiwv, 'fat.' A
morbid condition of the adipous substance.
DYSPLASMATIC, Cacoplastic.
DY8PLASTICUM. Spansemic.
Z> YSPNEE, Dyspnoea — d. Cardiaque, Asthma,
cardiac.
DYSPNQil'A, from (5uf, and jrvtu, 'I breathe.'
Psendo-asllnna, Amphipnev'ma, Respiru'lio dif-
fic"ilia seu hrecis et rara, Brachypnrjc'a, Retentio
ae'rea, Anhela'tion, Short breath. Difficulty of
breathing, (F.) Dyspnee, Conrte Haleine. Dysp-
noea may be idiopathic or symptomatic. The
latter accompanies almost all thoracic diseases.
Urgent dyspnoea has been called amphipneu'ma,
aynpnrvevna. — Hippocrates.
Dysp.vcea Convulsiva, Asthma — d. Hydro-
thoracica, Ilydrothorax — d. Physofhoracica,
Pneumothorax — d. Pinguedinosa, Pursiness — d.
Pneumatica, Pneumothorax — d. Pyothoracica,
Empyema.
D YSSENTERIE, Dysentery.
D YSSENTERIQUE, Dysenteric.
DYSSIA'LIA, from ^uj, and triaXof, 'saliva.'
A morbid condition of the saliva.
DY'SSY'N'ODUS, Dysaynn'sia, from Svg, and
(TvvoSo;, ' coition.' Co'itua diffic"ilia. Difficulty
in coition.
DYSSYNIISTA, Dyssynodus.
DYSTHAN'ATOS, from bvi, and ^avaTou
' death.' That which causes a slow and painful
death. One who experiences this kind of death.
— Hippocrates, Galen.
DYSTIIELASIA
318
EA U D'ARMAGXA C
DYSTHELA'SIA, from (5t,t, andS/jXa^w, 'I give
Buck.' Inaptitude for suckling.
DYSTHEKAPEU'TOS, Dlffieiliter cura'bilis ;
from ^uj, and ^ipa-nua, ' medical treatment.' Tliat
which is difficult of cure.
DYSTIIE'SIA, from hvi, 'badly,' and nV', ^I
am situate.' Di/s'thcsl>i, Cachcjc'ia. Morbid habit.
Bad humour. Impatience in disease. — Erotian.
DYSTHET'ICA, Cachex'iee, Dyscranio'., Cach-
ex'ics ; same etymon. A morbid condition of the
blood or blood-vessels; alone or connected with a
morbid state of other fluids, producing a diseased
habit. The fourth order in the class Hmmntica
of Good, including Plethora. Hcemorrhngin, &c.
DYSTHYM'IA, from ivs, and 5«^of, 'mind.'
Depression, Despondency. A bad sign in acute
diseases. Also, Melancholy.
DYSTOCIA, Mogostoc'ia, Bradytoc'ia, Reten'-
tio foetus, from &vi, and roKOi, 'accouchement.'
(F. ) Dystocie. A laborious accouchement, Lnbo'-
rious or morbid or difficult labour, Parodyn'ia,
Partus diffic"ili8. See Laborious.
Dystocia Abortiva, Abortion — d. Dyscyesis,
Pregnancy, morbid — d. Dyscyesis extra- uterina,
see Pregnancy, preternatural.
DYST(ECIII'ASIS, Hispid' itan, from ivi, 'bi.d,'
and aToi-)(oi, 'order.' Irregular position of the
eye-lashes. — Forostus.
DYSTOX'IA, from ivi, and tovos, ' tone.' Mor-
bid condition of the tone of a tissue or or^an.
DYSTROPiriA, from <^us, 'with diniculty,'
and Tpoij>tj, ' nourishment.' Imperfect or defectivo
nutrition.
DYSULOTUS, Dysapulotus.
DY'SURE'SIA, Dysure'sis ; from 5u5, and otpij-
aii, 'passing the urine.' Defective secretion and
evacuation iif the urine.
DYSU'RIA, Dys'ury, Uri'uce diffl<:"ilis e.rcre'-
tio. from ivi, ' with difficulty,' and ovfiov, 'urine.'
Stran'</ury. (of some.) (F.) Dysiiric. Difficulty
of passing the urine. In this affection the urino
is voided with pain, and a sensation of heat in
some part of the urethra. Dysuria is the first
degree of retention of hrine. It differs from
strangury, in which the urine can only be passed
in drops and with great straining.
Dysuuia Calculosa, Cnlculi, vesical — d.
Irritata, Calculi vesical — d. Mucosa, Cystir-
rhcea.
DYSURY, Dysuria.
E.
EA(5LE-ST0NE, ^tites.
EAR, Auris, Ous, ovi, Ac'oe, Sason, eape,
(Prov.) Lug. (F.) Oreille. The organ of au-
dition. It is composed of a series of more or less
irregular cavities, in which the sonorous rays are
successively received and reflected, until they
agitate the nerves which are destined to convey
the impression to the brain. The ear is con-
tained partly in the substance of the temporal
bone ; and a part projects externally, behind the
joint of the lower jaw. It may be divided into
three portions ; — the outer or external ear, formed
by the auricle and meatus auditorius ; the middle
ear, comprising the cavity of the tympanum and
its dependencies ; and the internal ear, compre-
hending the three semicircular canals, the cochlea
and the vestibule; which, together, constitute the
osseous labyrinth. Within the cavity of this la-
byrinth are contained membranes having nearly
the shape of the vestibule and semicircular canals,
but not extending into the cochlea. These mem-
branes form the membranous labyrinth. Between
the osseous and the membranous labyrinth is
situate the liquor of Cotunnius, and within the
membranous labyrinth is a fluid, termed, by De
Blainville, vitrine auditive, from its supposed
analogy to the vitreous humour of the eye. The
form of the membranous vestibule is not an exact
imitation of the osseous cavity, being composed
of two distinct sacs, which open into each other,
— the one termed the Sac'culus vestib'uli ; the
other Sac'culus Each sac contains in its interior
a small mass of white calcareous matter resem-
bling powdered chalk, which seems to be sus-
pended in the fluid of the sacs by means of a
number of nervous filaments proceeding from the
auditory nerve. These are the otoconiea and
otolithee of Breschet.
The auditory nerve is distributed to the cavi-
ties of the internal ear.
EAR-DOCTOR. Aurist — e. Flap, Proptoma
auricularum — e. Keeker, Tonsil.
EARNING, Rennet.
EAR-PICK, Otoy'lyphie, Otocjhjphum, CocW-
lear auricnla're, Anriscal'pium, (F.) Cnre-oreille.
A species of small scoop, used for extracting;
hardened cerumen from the meatus auditoriun
externus ; or to remove foreign bodies from the
ear. If carelessly used, it is apt to excite inflam-
mation of the tube.
EAR-SURGEON, Anrist— e. Surgery, Otiatria.
EAR-TRUMPET, Tubus acus'ticus,Aci(s'liciim
Gornn, (F.) Cornet acoustique. An instrument for
collecting sound and increasing its intensity, u.^ed
by those who are hard of hearing. It is, com-
monly, a kind of cone, formed of silver, tin, or
elastic gum, the base of which is turned towards
the person who is speaking, and the apex placed
in the entrance of the meatus auditorius externus.
EARWAX, Cerumen.
EARWIG. Forficnla auricularia.
EARTH CLUB, Orobanche Americana.
Eauth, Fuller'.s, Cimolia purpureseens.
Eakth Gall, Veratrum viride.
Earth, Hkavy, Baryta — e. Japan, Catechu—
e. Lemnian, Terra Lemnia.
Earth Nut, Pignut, Buniinn bulbocastanum.
Earth, Pondkroi's, Baryta — e. Samian, Sanii
terra — e. Sealed, Terra sigilla ta — e.Talc,Magnesia.
EASTNINGWORT, Scabious.
EATABLE, Esculent.
EATIN-BERRIES. see Juniperus communis.
EAU, Water — e. d'Aix-la-Chajjelle, see Aix-
la-Chnpelle.
EAU l/ALIBOUR. This compound is made
of sulphate (if zinc, and s)iljjh(ite of copper, each
5J ; camphor, ten grains; saff'ron, four grains;
mater, four fluidmuices. Einpl')yed in chronic
inflammation of the evelids, and as a vulnerary.
EAU DE L' AMNIOS, Liquor amnii — <■•
d' Amandes amlres. Aqua amygdalarum conc.en-
trata.
EAU ANTIPUTRIDE DE liEAUFOUT.
Mineral lemonade prepared with sulphuric acid.
EAU D'An.VAGXAO, Tinctura cinnamomi
composita — e. de liataruc, Balaruc waters— e. ''«
Bareges, Bar6ges water — e. de Binelli, Aqu^
Bineliii — e. Blanche, Liquor plumbi subacetatis
EAU DE COLOGNE
310
ECCOPE
(lilntus — e. de lionferme, Tinctura cinnamotni
coiiipositii — e. de Boiiueii, Bonnes, iniiieriil waters
of — e. dc Jldule, see Ferruni tiirtarizutuni — e. de
J',<iitrbinnie-leii-li<iinH, Bourboniie-les-Bains, nii-
uuriil waters of — e. de JJroccliieii, Aqua Brocchi-
erii — e. dim Cormen, see Melissa — e. de Chaux,
Li(|uor ciik'is — e. de Chaux coinponee, Liquor cal-
cis (■oiiii)ositu8.
EAU DE COLOGNE, Cologne water. A cele-
brated iierlume, so called from the place where it
is made. The following is one formula: Oil of
benjiiniot, ^uj ; Oil of lemon, "^Vy, Oil of Liireii-
dei-, )5'>'ss ; Oil ofiinndi, ^''Ss J Oil of oi-iijiiunm,
.•^'j I Oil if roHemdry, ^] ; Ensenre <f vniiilla, ^V) ;
Munk, ten grains ; Rectified spirit, Oxiij ; Jtoxe-
wiiler, Oij ; Orauije-fioirer writer, 0,j. Macerate
for fourteen days, and filter.
EAU DE CUIVRE AMMONIACALE, Li-
quor eupri amnioniati — e. Distillee, Water, dis-
tilled— e. de Eontaine, AVater, spring — e. des
Foiitdiuea de la 3f<ireynerie, Rouen, mineral wa-
ters of — e. contre la Gaiii/rhie, Liquor hydrargyri
liitrici — e. de Goudron, see Pinus sylvestris — e. de
Goulard, Liquor plumbi suhacetatis dilutus.
EAUIIEMASTATIQUE DE TISSERAND,
Eau de Tinnerand. A hemastatic water, reputed
to possess the same properties as the Aqua Broc-
chierii. It may be [)repare<l by digesting dragon's
blood, and turpentine (f the Vosges in water.
EAU D'HUSSON, Vinum colchici— e. des
IJi/dropirjiies, Serum of serous membranes — e.
HydrosnlfnrSe simple. Hydros ulphuretted water.
EAU DE J A VELLE, Bleaching liquid, Aqua
ulkali'nn oxymuriat' ica, Liibarraque's Sidution,
(Common salt, tbij ; black oxide of manganese,
ibj ; water. Ibij. Put into a retort, and add, gra-
dually, o(7o/t)i(c/o/, Ibij. Pass the vajxiur through
a solution oi subearbonnte of potasH<t ^\\] in water
^^xxix, applying heat towards the last. S. g.
L087.) It is stimulant, detergent, and antiseptic,
— applied e.xternally.
EAU DE LAC, Water, lake.
EAU DE LECHELLE. A hwmostatio water,
prepared bj' macerating, in water, various aroma-
tic and astringent herbs, flowers find roots, with
lar, and distilling the same. It has been given
internally, in hemorrhage, and used, also, as an
external styptic.
EAU DE LUCE, Spiritus aramoniaB succina-
tus — e. Magnesienne, Magnesia, fluid — e. de
Marnis, Water, marsh — e. Medicinale d'Husson,
see C'olchicuin autumnale, Vinum colchici, and
Vcratrine, sulphate of — e. Medicinale nuturelle.
Water, mineral — e. de Mer, Water, sea — e. Mer-
curielle. Liquor hydrargyri nitrici — e. JfinSrale,
Water, mineral — e. dc Monterossi, Aqua Binellii
— e. de A'<iples, Naples water, factitious — c. de
Neige, Water, snow — e. de Pagliari, Ha'Uiostatic,
Pagliari's — e. de Pluie, Water, rain — e. de Potasse,
Liquor potassae — e. de Puit, Water, well — e. de
Jialul, Kiixir acidum Halleri — e. Regale. Nitro-
niuriatic acid — e. Salee, Water, sea — e. de Source,
Water, well — e. Sti/ptique de lirocc.hieri, Aqua
Brocchicrii — e. Sncrfe, Hydro-saccharum — e. de
Tixstr.inii, Eau hemastatique de Tisserand — e.
Vfgfto-minfnde, Liijuor Plumbi suhacetatis dilu-
tus— c. de Vichy, Vichy water — e. de \'ie. Brandy
— e. de Vie Allemantle, Tinctura jalapii composita
— e. de Vie Camphrfe, Spiritus caniphorse.
EAUX, LES, Liquor amnii — e. Chaudes,
Ai'iui's-caudes — e. Ne/iatiques, Waters, mineral,
sulfurenus — e. Miuf rales artificielles. Waters,
mineral, artificial — e. M inf rales faclices. Waters,
mineral, artificial — e. Mluiralea ferrugincuses.
Waters, mineral, gaseous, ifec. — e. Minirales
gnieuses ou acidules. Waters, mineral, gaseous, ic.
— e. iliuirales salines, Waters, mineral, saline —
e. Minirales sidfnrenses, Waters, mineral, sulfu-
reous — e. Snlfnrecs, Waters, mineral, sult'ureous.
KBEAUPIN. MINERAL WATERS OF. An
acidulous chalybeate, in the department of Loire
luferieure, near Nantes.
EBL 0 UfSSEMENT, Dazzling.
EBRIECA'SUM, from ebrius, 'drunk.' A term
employed by Paracelsus to denote a disturbance of
the reason, similar to what occurs in drunkenness.
EBRIETAS, Temulentia.
EBRIOSITAS, Temulentia.
EBULLITIO, Ebullition, Strophulus — e. Sto-
machi, Ardor ventriculi, Pyrosis.
EBULLIT"ION, EbuUi't"io, ^stuat"io,Anaz'-
esis, Causis, from ebullire, (c and bullire), 'to
bubble up.' Boiling ;{¥.) Bunillonnement. The
motion of a li(iuid, by which it gives off bubbles
of vapour, by lieat or fermentation. The boiling
point of liquids varies according to the pressure
to which they are subjected. For the point of
ebullition of different substances, see Heat.
Ebullition is used in France, in a vague man-
ner, for every kind of transient eruption of the
skin, occurring without fever or with a slight
febrile attack.
EBFLUS, Sambucus ebulus.
EBUR, Ivorv. see Tooth.
EBURNEATIO. Eburnilication.
EBIIRNIFICA'TION, Ebumificn'tio, Ebnr-
nca'tio, Eburna'tion, from ebnr, 'ivory,' and ^o,
' to he made.' An incrustation of the cartilages
of articular surfaces of bones with phosphate of
lime, which gives them the whiteness and hard-
ness of ivory ; — Cartilages ehurnes.
EC, (before a vowel. Ex,) t<, tf, 'out of, from,
of.' Hence, Ecchymoma, Eclectic, <fec.
ECAILLE, Scale.
ECAILLES D'lIUITRES, Ostrcse testae.
ECAILLEUX, Squamous.
ECBALIA ELATERIUM, Momordica elatc-
rium.
ECBALTUM AGRESTE, Momordica elate-
riuni — e. Officinarnm, Momordica elaterium.
ECBESOMENON, Eventus.
ECBLOMA, see Abortion.
ECBOLE, Abortion.
ECBOLIC, Abortive.
ECBOLICUS, Abortive.
ECBOLIUM ELATERIUM, Momordica ela-
terium.
ECBOLIUS, Abortive.
ECBRAS'MATA, from «/?/)a^co, 'I boil up.'
Ecchym'ata. Hippocrates uses the word for cer-
tain burning eruptions.
ECCATHARTICUS, Cathartic.
ECCEPHALO'SIS, Excercbra'tio, Cephalo-
tnm'ia, from tic, and Kt<fia>.r), 'head.' The removal
of the brain of the child to facilitate delivery.
ECCHELYSIS, Expectoration.
ECCIIORESIS, Defecation.
ECCIIYLOMA, Succus expressus.
ECCHYMATA, Ecbrasmata.
ECCllYMO'MA, Ecchymo'sis. Pelidno'ma, Pe-
lio'ma, HypcB'ma, hypoce'ma, Bypoa'mia, from
CK, and x^f"^' 'ju'<'^i' 'humour;' Effu'sio, Exsuc-
ca'tio. Siiffu'tio san'guinis. A livid, black, or
yellow spot, Liror sanguin'eus, produced by blood
effused into the areolar tissue from a contusion.
Spontaneous effusions, occurring as the result of
disease or after death, are called snggillations.
EcciiVMOMA Artet!I09cm, See Aneurism — e.
Capitis recens natorum, Cephala^matotna — e.
liyponychon, Hyponychon — e. Lymphaticum,
Plilegmaiia dolens — e. Melasma, Melasma.
ECCHY.MOSIS, Ecchymoma.
ECCIIYSIS, Efl"usion.
ECCLISIS, Luxation.
ECCOPE, Ec'tumc, Ectom'ia, from ck, and
ECCOPEUS
320
ECLAMPSIA
Koirrciv, 'to cut.' The act of cutting out: also,
a perpendicular division of the cranium by a
cuttiiifi instrument. See Entaille.
ECCOP'EUS. Same etymon. A knife or in-
strument for cutting. An ancient instrument —
the rnnpatnry — used in trepanning.
ECCOPROSIiESTHE'SISJrora £»c, -forrpos, ' ex-
crement.' and aiaQttaii, ' sensation.' The sensa-
tion or desire to evacuate the bowels.
ECrOPROSIS, Defecation.
ECCOPROT'lC, Eccoprot'iciisi,Ectoprof'ic, from
£?, and (co.Tpof, 'e.xcrement.' Mild purgatives or
laxatives, whose operation is confined to simply
clearing out the intestinal canal.
ECCORTHAT'ICUS, from ik, and KopOuto, ' I
collect.' An ancient epithet for remedies to
which was attributed the property of evacuating
collections of humours.
ECCRINOL'OGY, Eccrinnlng"{a, Eccrisio-
log"ia. from cKKoivit), {ck, and Kptv<i>,) ' I separate,'
and Xoyoi, ' a discourse.' A treatise on the secre-
tions.
ECCRISIOLOOtIA, Eccrinology.
ECCRISION'OSI, EccfinioHu'si,. from cKKptats,
'excretion,' and voao;, 'disease.' Diseases of
excretion.
ECCRISIOS'CHESIS, from eKKpicis, 'excre-
tion,'and (T;)(;£(7if, 'retention.' Arrest or retention
of excretions ; or of a critical evacuation.
ECCRISIS, Excretion.
ECCRIT'ICA. Diseases of the excornent
functions. The 6th class in Good's Nosology.
Also, medicines that act on the excernent system.
Eliminnn'tia, EUm'inatives.
ECCYESIS, Pregnancy, extra-uterine — e. Ab-
dominalis, Pregnancy, abdominal — e. Ovaria,
Pregnancy, ovarial — e. Tubalis, Pregnancy, tubal.
ECCYLIO'SIS, from «, and (cuXiciv, 'to turn
round.' Murbus evolutio' nia. A disease of evo-
lution or development.
ECDEMIOMA'NIA, Ecdemion'osusjrova ckSv-
lieui, 'I travel about,' and ixnvia, ' mania.' A mor-
bid desire to be travelling about.
ECDEMIONOSUS, Eedemiomania.
EC'DORA, from ck, and 6cpu>, ' I flay.' Anad'-
ora, Exroria'tio. Excoriation in general, but
more especially of the urethra.
EC'DYSIS, from t/c^uw, (ex, and ivia,) 'Tpi»toff.'
Moulting of the skin of animals. Desquamation.
ECHALOTTE, Eschalotle, Al'luim Axcaton'.
iciim, Cepn Axcalnn' ica. The schaUot' . A species
of allium, employed in culinary preparations.
ECHANORURE (F.) Emargiua'tio, Emnrgi-
tiatu'ra, Incisti'ra. A French word employed by
anatomists to designate depressions and notches
of various shapes, observed on the surface or
edges of bones.
ECHANORURE ETHMOYDALE is on the
nasal bone, which unites with the ethmoid. See
Ethmoid.
ECRANCRURE N AS ALE, Nmnl Notch, be-
longs to the OS frontis, and is articulated with the
bones of the nose.
ECHANORURE PAROTIDIENNE is a
triangular space, comprised between the paroti-
dean edge of the inferior maxillary bone and the
mastoid process, so called because it lodges the
parotid gland.
ECHANORURE SCAPULAIRE,l^otch, sca-
pular— €. Scintique graiide, see Sciatic Notch — i.
Seiotlqne petite, see Sciatic Notch.
ECHARDE, Splinter.
ECHARPE, Sling.
ECHARPE GRANDE et E. MO YEN, see
Sling — e. de J. L. Petit, see Sling — e. Petite, see
Sling.
ECHAUBOULURES (F.) Echanlouillure.
Siidam'ina, Hidro'a. A word whose raenning is
not fixed. It is applied to any eruption on llio
surface of the body, accompanied with pricking
and other uneasy !<cnsations.
ECHA UFFA N TS, Cal e facicn ts.
EGHA UFFE.MENS, Chafing.
ECHAUFFEMENT (F.), Onlefnc'tio, E.rcah.
fac'tio, from (F.) echitiijf'ei; [calcj'avere,) 'to niako
w.arm.' Augmentation of heat in the aniuuil
economy; the symptoms of which are a more
than ordinary sensation of heat, dit^posilion to
perspiration, great thirst, general indisposition,
flushed countenance, &c. It goes off by the use
of antiphlogistics and abstinence. In the vulgar
language it is often used synonymously with co»-
stipatioii, and sometimes for simple gonorrhoea,
and for chafing.
ECHECOL'LON, from t;^a., 'I have,'and»to>Aa,
'glue.' Echccolliim. Any topical glutinous re-
medy. — Gorra3us, Galen.
ECHELLES DU LIMAgON, Scalaj of the
cochlea.
ECHENEIS, Remora Ilildani.
ECHETROSIS, Bryonia alba.
ECHID'NA OCELLA'TA. Brown ten-inch.
long viper. A most formidable viper in the
forests of Peru, the bite of which is so rapidly
fatal, that it kills a strong man in two or three
minutes. Tschudi.
ECIIINA'CEA PURPU'REA, from ^x^voi, the
hedge hog, owing to the spiny chaff of the round-
ish disk. Pitrjjle Coneftower, Black Sfimpnoii ; of
the Composite Family ; indigenous in Ohio and
westward; its dull purple flowers appearing in
July. The root is aromatic, and used popularly
as a carminative.
EOHINE, Vertebral column.
ECHINOCOCCUS, HOxMINIS, see Worms-
e. Humanus, Hydatid.
ECHINODERMI, Porcupine men.
ECHINOGLOSSUM, Ophioglossum vulgatum.
ECHINOPIITHAL'MIA,from£;;^ivos. 'ahedge-
hog,' and o(pSa'Sfiia, 'inflammation of the eye.'
Ophthalmia of the eyelids, in which the cilia pro-
ject like the quills of the hedgehog.
ECHI'NOPS, from exivos, 'hedgehog,' and
(ij-J/, 'appearance.' Orocodil'ion, Acnnthal'zwd,
Scahio'na cardulfo'lin, SphcBroceph'iiln dn'tior,
Echi'nopus, Echinopa Sphmroceph'alim, Glnhe
thistle. The root and seeds are reputed to be
moderately diuretic.
ECHINOPUS, Eohinops.
ECHINUS SCANDENS, Allamanda.
ECHITES DIFFORMIS, Forsterania diffor-
mis — e. Suberecta, see Curare.
ECHOS, Sound, Tinnitus aurium.
ECHOSCOPE. Auscultation.
ECHOSCOPIUM, Stethoscope.
ECHTHYSTEROCYESIS, Pregnancy, extra-
uterine.
ECLACTIS'MA, Eclamp'sis, Eclnmp'mn, Epi-
lamp'aia, Effulgescen'tia, from ticAaifTi^a), ' I kicli.'
! Epilepsy is often accompanied with flashings of
' light ; and hence Hippocrates has used the \»»t
two words for epilepsy. They have all been ap-
plied to convulsions.
I ECLAIRE, Chelidonium majus — ^. Pe(i(e,
Ranunculus Dearia.
ECLAMP'SIA, from «Xa,i\I/ts, [ck, and UpH
I 'I shine,') 'brilliancy.' Flashes of light befuie
1 the eyes. See Eclactisma. Convulsion, as the
; convulsions of children, Eclamp'sict i\if(in'tmn,
I Epilej}' aia acu'ta in/an' turn sea febri' lis iiif'iii'tiiin
j se\l})neri'lis,{F.) Convuhions des Enfant, Ei-l<">^p-
; aie, but probably from e/c, and Xap^am, >^ap^opat,
' to seize hold of.'
I ECLAMP'siA GrAVIDA'RUM ET PaRTURIEN'-
, TIUM; Puerperal Couvuhions, (F.) ConvuUioM
ECLAMPSIE DES EX FANS 321
£CROUELLES
den fenimea enceintes et en couche. Convulsions
of pregnant and parturient women.
EcLAMi'SiA Infantum, see Eehiinpsia — e. Nu-
tans, Convulsion, Salaam — e. Typhodes, Ra-
phania.
ECLAMPSIE DES ENFANS, Eclampsia
infantinn.
ECLECTIC, (PHYSICIANS,) i5;c;cc'<»ctJI/erf'-
xci, from tfcXtyw, {ck, and Atyw,) 'I choose.' A sect
of physicians, vfho professed to choose, from
other sects, all the opinions which appeared to
tliem best founded. Agathinus of Sparta, master
of Archigenes of Apamica, in Syria, was its re-
puted founder; and Archigenes and Aretsous were
its greatest ornaments. The doctrine was called
Eclec'liam, Eclectis'tnns, Ifedici'na eclec'tica,
Eclectic med'icine. Every judicious physician
must be an eclectic.
ECLECTISM, see Eclectic.
ECLEC'TOS, Fcfi/j'yna, Eliy'ma, EUx'ia, Lam-
liti'vniii, LinctiiH, Linctiin'ii urn, from eKXnX"), {tK,
and X£i;^u>,) 'I lick.' (F.) Looch. A medicine,
of a tliicii, syrupy consistence, chiefly used to
allay cough, and consisting of pectoral remedies.
It was formerly sucked from the end of a liquo-
rice stick, made into a kind of pencil; hence its
name Linclun, from lin(/ere, ' to lick.' Although
the linctus is usually exhibited in thoracic affec-
tions, it may have tonic virtues combined with it.
ECLECMA ALBUM, Looch album— e. Gum-
inosi)-ohM)siim. Looch album.
ECLEIPISIS, Desquamation, Exfoliation.
ECLEPISIS, Desquamation, Exfoliation.
ECLEPISITREPANON, E.\foliative trepan.
ECLIGMA, Eclectos.
ECLIMIA, Boulimia.
ECLIPSIS, Syncope.
MCLISSE, Splint.
ECLYSES, AdynamisB.
EC'LYSIS, Exsoln'tio ; from ckKvw, 'I loosen.'
Resolution, prostration of strength ; faintness.
Et'i.Ysis Pnkumo-caudiaca, Asphyxia.
ECiMYZESIS, Exsuctio.
ECNffiA, Dementia.
ECOLE, School.
ECON'OMY, (Econnm'in, from octin, 'a house,'
'a family,' and I'tTJw, 'I rule.' By the term ani-
mal ecciKiDiij is understood, — the aggregate of the
laws which govern the organism. The word eco-
nomy is, also, used for the aggregate of parts
which constitute man or animals.
ECORCE, Cortex — L Cai-iocosiine, Canella
alba — ^. Eleutherienne, see Croton cascarilla — i.
de Saint Lucie, CincbonaB CaribaJiB cortex — e.
de Winter, sec Wintera aromatica — e. Futisse de
Winter, Canella alba.
iGOnCHURES, Chafing, Excoriation.
ECOULEMENT, Discharge, Gonorrhoea— ^.
Blanc, Leucorrhoea — e. de Sanr/ par I'Intestin,
Ilwraatochezia.
ECOUVlLLOy, sec Econvillnnnement.
ECOVVILLONNEMENT (F.), from econ-
villim, ' a kind of mop, the sponge of a gun.' A
term used by the French therapeutists for the
act of cleansing or applying remedies to a part
by means of a mop or brush fixed to the end of a
piece of whalebone. Such mop or brush is termed
Ecourilltin.
ECPilLnonSTS, inflammation.
ECPHLYSIS, Vesicula — e. Herpes, Herpes—
e. Herpes circinatus, Herpes circinatus — e. Her-
pes exedens, Herpes cxcdens — e. Herpes miliaris.
Herpes phlycta'uodes — c. Herpes zoster, Herpes
foster — e. Pompholyx, Pompbolyx — e. Rhypia,
Rupia.
ECPHRACTIC, Deobstruent.
ECPIIK.VX'IS, from cKfpaaant, 'I remove ob-
21
struction.' The action of ecpbractic or deob-
struent remedies.
ECPHRONIA, Insanity— e. Melancholia, Me-
lancholy.
ECPIIYAS, Appendix vermiformis cseci.
ECPHYMA, Excrescence, Tumour — e. Callus,
Callosity — e. Caruncula, Caruncle — e. Clavus,
Corn — e. (Edematicum, (Edema, Phlegmatia do-
lens — e. Physconia, Physcouia — e. Trichoma,
Plica — e. Verruca, Verruca.
ECPHYMATA, Rubeola.
ECPHYSE'SIS, EJJia'tio, Effln'tm, from tK<^v-
aau>, ' I breathe through.' Ej-mijffla'tio. A quicll
and forced expulsion of air from the lungs.
ECPHYSIS, Apophysis — e. Ventriculi, Duo-
denum.
ECPIES'MA, from tK^ui,u>, (ik, and ntju,) 'I
compress.' Effractu'ra, Jnipac'tion, DeccH'nii).
A fracture of the cranium, with depression of the
fragments and compression of the brain.
ECPIES'MOS, Expres'sio, Ex'itus, Eopiei'-
mon, same etymon. Celsus uses these words to
signify the forcing of the eye from the orbitar
cavity, with apparent but not real augmentation
of the organ. See Exophthalmia.
ECPLERO'MA, from tK, and vrXtpou, ' I fill.'
A cushion, n pud. Hippocrates means, by tliis
term, a small pad or ball of leather, or other
substance intended to fill the hollow of the arm-
pit; used probably in reducing luxations of the
shoulder.
ECPLEXIA, Stupor.
ECPLEXIS, Stupor.
ECPNEUMATOSIS, Expiration.
ECPNEUSIS, Expiration.
ECPNOE, Expiration.
ECPTO'MA, Fcjjto'sis, Exciden'tia ; from ck-
TiTTTu, (t/c, and iriirToi,) 'I fall out.' This word
has been used in various senses, 1. Synony-
mously with luxation. 2. For the separation of
grangrenous parts. 3. For the expulsion of the
secundines. 4. For the prolapsus of the womb:
and 5. For intestinal or omental hernia, <tc.
ECPTOSIS, Luxation.
ECPYCTICA, Inerassantia.
ECPYEAIA, Abscess, Suppuration, Empyema.
ECPYESIS, Abscess, Empyema, Pustule — e.
Impetigo, Impetigo — e. Porrigo, Porrigo — e. Por-
rigo Crustacea, Porrigo larvalis — e. Porrigo favosa.
Porrigo favosa — e. Porrigo furfuracea, Porrigo
furfurans — e. Porrigo galeata, Porrigo scutulata
— e. Porrigo lupinosa, Porrigo lupinosa — e. Sca-
bies, Psora.
ECPYETICUS, Suppurative.
ECPYISCOXTUS, Suppurative.
ECRASEUR, 'a crusher,' from ecrnser, 'to
crush.' A surgical instrument invented by M.
Chassaignac, of Paris, which consists of a steel
chain, like that of a chain-saw devoid of teeth,
which is attached at both ends to a steel mandril,
which passes through a hollow steel cylinder.
The tightening of the chain is made slowly and
with great force, and in the last modification of
the instrument is eff'ected by an endless screw
with a lever handle, working on a nut cogged on
its outer side, which plays on a thread cut on
the mandril. The slow bruising it makes is said
to be rarely followed by hemorrhage, even in the
case of hemorrhoids, and other vascular tumours.
ECREVrSSE, Crab.
ECREX'IS, Ihiptn'ra, from txprtyvvm, (ck, and
pjjyvu^t,) 'to break.' Rupture, laceration.
ECRHYTH'MUS, «, and pv^/xos, 'rhythm.'
A term applied to the pulse, particularly when
irregular. — Galen.
ECROE, Discharge,
EJCROUELLES, Scrofula — i. JIhcnteriquea,
Tabes mesenterica.
ECRYSIS
3 2 2
ECZEMA
ECRYSIS, from t/cpeu, 'I run from.' A dis-
charge.
ECSARCO'MA, from «, and aap^, 'flesh. A
fleshy excrescence of various kinds. See Fun-
gosity, anil Sarcoma.
ECSESMA. Eczema.
EC'STASIS, from c^tcTrjfii, (tf, and tarriiii.) 'I
am beside myself.' An ec'fttaci/ or tivvice, Cartis
f'c'stdiix, Odt'ucfiiis, Ex'ntaais, Catnlep'sia spu'ria,
Hi/pfirj)lexie, (F.) Extase. A state in which cer-
tain ideas so completely absorb the mind, that the
external sensations are suspended, the voluntary
movements arrested, and even the vital action
retarded. In catalepsy, there is, in addition, com-
plete suspension of the intellectual faculties.
This last condition is in general described as
trance. See, also, luxation.
ECSTROPHE, Exstrophia.
ECTASIA, Aneurism — e. Venarum, Varix.
ECTASIS. Extension, Expansion.
Ec'tasis I'lunis, is the extension or expansion
of the iris, which occasions diminution of the pupil.
ECTEXIS, Colliquation.
E C T II E TOBREPHOTROPHEUM, Brepho-
tropheum.
ECTIILIM'MA, Exideern'tio, from eK&\i0u>, 'I
express.' 'I bruise.' Attrition. Chafing, or
excoriation, produced by external violence. —
Ilippocrotes.
ECTHLIPSIS, Expression.
ECTHYMA or ECTHY'MA, from oc^uoi, 'I
break out.' Ecpi/e'sin, Plili/vii ecthj/ma.Phlyza'ci'a
a'gria, Sen'biex Vera, Fnriui'ciili iilon'ici. Pup' tt-
lous Seal!, (F.) Dartre cruitncee, D. /uiifjneuse. A
cutaneous eruption, characterized by large round
pustules, always distinct and seated upon an indu-
rated and highly inflamed base. In the course
of a day or two the pustules generally break, and
olive-brown incrustations are formed which ad-
here firmly to the skin. These separate in about
a fortnight. The disease requires the antiphlo-
gistic treatment. Under the Ecthipnata, Vogel
has designated certain hard, unequal tumours
which appear transitorily on the skin. See Ef-
floreseenee, Exanthem, and Pustule.
ECTIIYSTEROCYESIS, Pregnancy, e.xtra-
Uterine.
ECTILLOTICUS, Depilatory.
ECTILMOS, Evulsion.
ECTOME, Castration, Eecope, Entaille, Ex-
cision.
ECrOMIA, Castration, Eecope.
ECTOMIUS, Castratus.
ECTONION. Helleborus niger.
ECTOPAG"IA, (F.) Ectojincjie, from cktos,
'outwards,' and Trriyvviji, 'to put together.' A
genus of double monsters, having a common um-
bilicus, comprising those which are united natu-
rally throughout the whole extent of the thorax.
ECTOPARASITES, Epizoa.
EC TOPHYTE, Ectoph'yton, from ckto?, ' out-
side,' and (jivTuv, ' a vegetable.' A vegetable
parasite, which grows on the surface of the body.
ECTOP'IA, Ectiip'inis, Ectopism' as, Entoce'le,
Situs alie'nns seu perver'eus seu muta'tuH, Aiiomo-
^</)/p,— Piorry, from ck, and ronos, 'out of place.'
Morbid displacement of parts. See Luxation.
Ectopia A.vi, Proctocele.
Ectopia Connis, Cardiauas'trophe. Displace-
ment, dislocation, or unnatural position of the
heart.
Ectopia Hep.niosa, Hernia— e. Splenis, Sple-
nectopia.
ECTOPOCYS'TICU.S, from «ro7roj, 'out of
place,' and kvittis, 'bladder.' A disease depend-
ent upon displacement of the bladder.
ECTOPROTIC, Eccoprotic.
ECTOZO'A. (sing. Ectozo'im,) Extozo'n, Exto-
zon'riu, (F.) Extozoaires ; from exroj, 'outside,'
and fuoi', 'an animal.' Parasitic animals that
infest the exterior of the body, — as lice. A term
which, like Ittlmin'thia errat'ica, l'neii(lnhelnt\i\'-
thcs, and Pseiul.Dpar'asi'tcs, is njjplied, also, to
worms or larves of insects that have been intro-
duced into the intestinal canal by accident. Ani-
malcules, most frequently swallowed, arc the
hairworm, leech, grub of the fly, caildy insect
Phitla;' >i(i peni/nhta'/in : the larve of the bee, tlie
spider, the triton pidus'tris, lacer'tii aijitnt'im,
Ac. In animals, bots are produced by swalhiwing
the ova of the cestnis or gadfly. See Ilelmiulhia
erratica.
ECTRIM'MA, from txrpi/Ju), (ck, and rp,/3w.) 'I
rub of}".' Ulceration of the skin ; and particu-
larly that which arises from the pressure of the
bed on different parts of the body, after a pru-
tracted confitjeinent. — Hippocrates.
ECTRODACTYLTA, from ticrpwirij, 'abortion,'
and (5a/cTiiXo{, ' a finger.' A malformation, in whicb
one or more fini^ers or toes are wanting.
ECTROG"ENY, Ectroc/eu'ia, A'ctrngi'ii'culH,
from cKTfiuxng, 'abortion,' and ycvto-is, 'gerieratiun.'
Monstrosity by defect. — Serres.
ECTRO'MA, Abortion.
ECTRO'MELES, from t/crpwcrif, 'abortion,' and
ficXtx;, ' a limb.' A genus of monsters, in which
the limbs are nearly or altogether deficient, as in
the ordinary cetacea. — I. Gr. St. Ililairc.
ECTROPE, D i vert ic'ul urn, from e/cT-ptTru, {«,
and rpenu),) 'I turn off,' 'divert.' Any duct by
which peccant or morbific matter was supposed to
be drawn off. — Hippocrates.
ECTROPTON, same etymon. EHrop'inm,
Erer'sio pal'jichra:, lilcpharnpto'sis Ectro'pliim,
BIcp/iaroto'els, PaUpuhrm infe'rior extror'niim
flexa, Dfvarica'tio seu lieflex'io seu Redina'tio
pnlpehra'nim, (F.) Ernillement des Pnupihrs,
Jietiversemeiit des Paupilres. Eversion of the
eyelids, so that they do not completely cover the
globe of the eye. It happens more commonly to
the lower than to the upper eyelid. It may bo
owing to the retraction of the skin, after the cure
of an ulcer, wound, or burn of the.eyelid; or it
may depend on tumefaction or relaxation of the
conjunctiva. In the majority of cases, removal
of a portion of the conjunctiva will effect a cure;
but there are many which defy the efforts of art.
The ancients called Ectropion of the upper eyelid
latpiphthnlmin.
ECTROSrS. Abortion.
ECTKOSMOS, Abortion.
ECTROT'IC, from cKrpwjia, {ck, and titjjuww,
'I wcnind,') 'abortion.' Ectrot'icus, Abortive. An
epithet applied to methods for preventin<; the
development or causing the abortion of any dis-
ease— as of chancres by the use of caustic;
small-pox pustules by the use of mercurial oint-
ment. &c.
ECTYLOTICUS, Catheretie.
ECTYMPANOSIS, Tympanites.
ECUMEUX, Frothy.
ECUSSONS. 'Escutcheons or shields.' Plas-
ters spread upon the skin ; or small bags — nnchttt
— of the shape of escutcheons, filled with odorous
powders, which are applied on the skin. See
Sachet.
ECZEMA, from cK^tta, {ck, and ^w,) 'I boil
out,' ' I effervesce.' Eczes'ma, Ecsei'inn, Piin'tuln
ardens, Ci/tis'ma Eczema, Humid Scall or Telttr,
Riuinitif) Scall, (F.) Dartre Hqnammense humide,
D. vine. Gale epideniiqiie. Heat eruption. Aa
eruption of small vesicles on various parts of the
skin, usually set close or crowded together; with
little or no inflammation around their bases, and
unattended by fever.
ErzKMA Capitis, R. of the hairy scalp.
Eczema of the Face, at an advanced stage,
ECZEMATOSES
823
EFFUSION
anrl occurring; in young children, has been de- I
siTibed undor the names Crugla luctea and Por- |
rujn liirvalis.
Ec'zKM\ OP THR Hairy Scalp, Eczema cap'i-
ti's, VeHlc'uiar scnil, is often confounded with
other affections, under the names Porrigo and
Tinea, which are pustular, not vesicular, in their
fiirm. It occurs during dentition, and even after-
wards, and the discharge is so profuse, that the
head appears as if dipped in some glutinous
lii|uid. By and by, the secretion dries into crusts
and mats the hair into little separate tufts. The
scalp gives evidence of inflammatory excitement,
and the lymphatic ganglions of the neck are apt
to liecomo inflamed and suppurate.
A variety of humid scalled head, in which the
humour from the excoriated surface runs down
upon the hairs, and encloses them in little silvery
pellicles or sheaths, has received the name Asbes-
tos Sr'ill.
Ec'zEMA iMPKTir.iNo'nES, GnU, Grocers' or
Brirklayers' Itch. Produced by the irritation of
suiinr or lime.
Ec'zKMA Mriic(iria'le, E. ruhrum, Erythe'ma
nii;n:iirin'/e seu ichoro'eiim, Hijdrnrgyr'ia, Hy-
dmryi/ro'sis, Hydrargyri'asis,3forbiismercuria'l{»,
Mc.rcii'rSiil lepra or rdsh. A variety of eczema,
arising from the irritation of mercury. The treat-
ment is chiefly piiUiative, consisting in ablution
with mucilaginous infusions or decoctions ; mild
dressings, where the cuticle has exfoliated ; avoid-
ing all irritation ; keeping the bowels open; with
tlic use of sulphuric acid and cinchona.
Kczr.MA RuBiiuM, Eczema mcrcuriale.
ECZEMATO'SES, (tt.) Eczematosen, same
ciyiUDn. A family of diseases, in the classifica-
tion of Fuchs, including morbid conditions of the
cntaneous secretions — as of the perspiration, se-
l).u'e()us and colouring matters, Ac, and hence
innny chronic cutaneous affections. His subdi-
visions arc, ephidroses, smegmorrhcea, acarpoR,
p'lhicnrpce, and monocarpcE.
ECZESrS. Effervescens.
ECZESMA. Eczema, Lichen tropicus.
EDEMATOUS, (Edematous.
EDENTATUS. Edentulus.
EDEXTULI, Nefrendes.
EDEN'TUL0US,&/eHfr,7crf, Eden'tulua, Eden-
td'tiis, from e, and deim, denti's, ' a tooth.' An'o-
(liis, Careus deii'tihiw, Nodes, iVodus, (F.) Edent^.
One without teeth. This defect can only be
remedied by artificial means. See Nefrendes.
EDERA, Hedera helix.
EDIBLE. Esculent.
SdOCEPHALE, from ai&oia, the 'sexual or-
gans,' and Ktip<i\ti, 'head.' A monster, which has
tlie two ears near each other, or united under the
lii'iid, the jaws atrophied; no mouth, and above
tlic eye a tube {trompe) resembling a penis. — I.
(!. St. lliliiire.
EDROPPIT. Hydropic.
EDUCATIO INFANTUM, Predia.
EDULCORA'TION, Glycan'sh, Eduh-ora'lm,
from p. and didcis, 'sweet.' An operation, the
oliject of which is to deprive a substance of its
acrid and disagreeable taste, or at least to disguise
It. Also, the addition of a saccharine substance
to a tnedicine, whose taste it is desirable to modify
agreeably.
l?r>rf.R. Comestible.
EDUrjS, Comestible.
EE. Eve.
KESKIN. RingnUns.
EEWIXFvER, Pnlpebra.
KF'KERENT, Kff.-rcs, Centrifugal, Exod'fc,
from efrro, (e, and' ferre,) 'I carry,' 'transport.'
Conveying outwards, as from the centre to the
periphery.
Vasa efferen'tia are those lymphatic or chyli-
ferous vessels which issue from the glands to con-
vey their lymph to the thoracic duct ; so called
to distinguish them from those which pass to
those glands, and which have been termed vasd
fifferen'tia seu iiifereii'tia. Also, nerves that con-
vey the nervous influence from the nervous cen-
tres to the circumference. See Afferent.
At the upper extremity of the mediastinum
testis, the ducts of the rete testis terminate in
from 9 to 30 small ducts, called vasa efferentia,
which forms the Co\n vusciilo'ai.
EFFERVES'CENCE, Effervescen'tia, Zesis,
Ec'zevis, from effervescere, (e, and /ervescere,) 'to
grow hot.' That agitation, which is produced by
the escape of gas through a liquid, independently
of the heat of the mixture ; such, for instance, as
results from the mixture of acetic acid and car-
bonate of potassa.
In Pdtholrigy it has a similar signification. It
expresses, in the language of the humorists, a
sort of ebullition in the fluids of the living body,
produced either by elevation of temperature or
by the reaction on each other of the principles
contained in the fluids in circulation.
EFFETUS, Impoverished.
EFFICA'CIOUS, E/'jicax, from efficere, (e,
and fdcerc,) ' to accomplish.' That which pro-
du(^es a great effect, — as 'an <\flivin-ioti8 remedy.'
Medici'iia efficax, Ln Medeciiie ejffieace, is a
term sometimes applied to surgery.
EFFILA, Ephelides.
EFFLATIO, Ecphysesis.
EFFLATUS. Ecphysesis.
EFFLORATIO, Exanthem.
EFFLORES'CENCE, Efflora'tio, Efflorescen'-
tia, from efflorescere, (e, and florcscere,) 'to blow
as a flower.' Stribili'go, Ect/iy'ma.
In Pathology, eflilorescence has the same mean-
ing as exanthema; and, in the nosology of Sau-
vages, the name is given to that order of diseases.
Sometimes, it is confined to the cutaneous blush,
the e.ranthe'sis of Good.
Efilorescence is, also, the conversion of a solid
substance into a pulverulent state by exposure to
the air. In salts this is generally owing to the
loss of a part of their water of crystallization.
EFFLORESCENCE ER Y SIP EL A TEUSE,
RoseolfB.
EFFLORESCENTIA, Exanthem.
EFFLORESCENTI^E, Elevures.
EFFLUVIUM, Emanation — e. Latrinarium,
MItte — e. Palustre, Miasm, Marsh.
EFFLUXION, Abortion.
EFFORT, (e, and fortis, 'strong.') Nisns, Co-
jia'tus, Peira. A muscular contraction of greater
or less strength, the object of which is, either to
resist an external force, or to accomplish a func-
tion, which has become naturally laI)ori(uis . —
such are, the act of pushing away, or of drawing
a body towards us, and the more or less painful
efforts used by the mother to cause the ex[)ulsion
of the fnetus. In France, the word effort is often
used synonymously with hernia; and signifies,
likewise, the painful twitches of muscles, occa-
sioned by over-exertion, or by the rupture of
some of their fleshy fibres. Sauvages calls Efforts
des reins, Liimha'go d iiisu, the pain in the loins
occasioned by bearing too heavy a burden.
EFFORT. Hernia— f. des Reins, see Effort.
EFFOSSIO, Exhumation.
EFFRACTURA. Ecpiesma.
Efphactu'ra CitANii, Eiithla'sis Cra'iiii. Frac-
ture of the Cranium, with depression. — Par6.
EFFREXITATIO, Hypereatharsis.
EFFUSIO, Effusion— e. Scminis. Ejaculation.
EFFV'SWl<i. Effu'sio,Ec'chys;s. from effnnd.re,
(e, and /i(«(/c;-e,/((»i( HI,) ' to pour out.' ( I'.} Apart.
£garS
324
EL.EOPIIANES
chemenf, (Infiltration is the term generally em-
ployed for effusion into the areolar membrane.
The pouring out of blood or of any other fluid
into the areolar membrane, or into the cavities
of the body. The effusion of serum or of coagn-
lahle lymph, for instance, is a common result of
inflammation of serous membranes.
EGARE, Wild.
EG AHEM E NT I)' ESPRIT, Delirium, In-
sanity.
EGER, MINERAL WATERS OF THE. In
the valley of the Eger, at the western extremity of
Bohemia, there are several acidulous springs. One
of the most frequented of these is Franzensbad.
EGE'KIA. In ancient mythology, a nymph
to whom pregnant females ofi'ered sacrifices vt
conceptns nlriis fuci/iiiii etjcretiir. By some, sup-
posed to have been identical with Lucina.
EGESTA, see Excretion.
EGESTAS, Want.
EGESTIO, Defecation, Dejection, Excretion.
E(iUBED, Ovarium.
EG(J-B HANDY, see Ovum.
EGG-PLANT, Solanum melongena— e. White
of. Albumen ovi.
EGLANTIER DE CHIEN, Rosa canina— e.
SuuiHige. Rosa canina.
EGOBRONCIIOPIIONY, see Egophonj'.
EG OP HONE, Egophony.
EGOPII'ONIC, yEijopho'nicns, (F.) Ecjo-pho-
tu'qiie. Same etymon as the next. Having the
character of, or relating to, egophony.
EGOPIIONIQUE, Egophonic.
EGOPII'ONY, yEgrqjho'nia, from atf, atyos, 'a
goat,' and (poivr), 'voice.' Cnprilo'qniiim, Trngo-
pho'iiid. Goat's Voice, Bleating Voice, (F.) Ego-
jjhonle, Voix chevrotiintc seu egoplionique scu de
PolichiiieUe seu senile, Pectoriloqnie chevrotante.
Laenncc has designated by this name, the kind
of resonance of the voice heard through the
stethoscope, when we examine the chest of one
labouring under moderate effusion into one of the
pleurie. The voice, which strikes the ear through
the cylinder, is more sharp and harsh than usual,
and tremulous and broken, like that of the goat.
The patient hitnself is called Egophone. Bouil-
laud affirms, that the 'brcmchial and bleating
voice,' (ei/obronchophonie.) is the principal symp-
tom of pleuropneumonia. Egophony exists, how-
ever, in cases of hepatization where there is no
pleural disease.
EtJREGOR'SIS, Vigil' {a,Vigili'<B, Vigilan'tia-,
Vigihi'tio, Vigil' inm, from typsyopcw, ' I watch.'
"Watchfulness. A morbid want of sleep. — Galen.
EGRESSES VENTRICULI, Pylorus.
EIDOS, tihoq, 'form, resemblance.' The ti is
often changed into oj, at the termination of a
word. Thus, HcpmatoVdes or Hcemato'des.
EILAMIDES, Meninges.
EILE'MA, from eiXeog, Il'eus, (ci^tw, 'I roll,')
' a convolution.' Vogel has given this name to
a fixed pain, occupying some portion of the in-
testinal canal, which the patient compares to the
sensation that would be produced by a nail driven
into the part.
EILEON, Ileon.
EILEUS, Ileus.
EILOID, ( 7'i/»no)(r,) Eiloi'des, from eiXtw, 'I
roll,* and ttfio;, 'resemblance.' A morbid growth
of the cutis, coiled or folded.
EILSEN, MINERAL WATERS OF. Eilsen
is about six German miles from Hanover, at the
foot of the Harrelberg. It has eleven springs,
of which seven are sulphureous and four chaly-
beate.
EISANTHE'MA, Exanthe'ma inter'num, En-
tanthe'ina, from m, ' within,' and avdniia, ' efHo-
rescence. An eruption on a mucous merahraDe;
— aphthae, for exam))le.
EISROLE, Attack, Injection.
ETSPNOK, Inspiration.
EJACULATIO, Ejaculation — e. Scminis Iiii-
pedita, Brady sperm at is mus.
EJACULA'TION, EJacula'tio, from e, nn.i j-,.
cnlor, (itself from jcircrc,) 'I throw.' Gonohul';,,,
Gonobo/in'mits, EJaciildtio sen I'rofu'sio smn Effn'.
sio Sent' in is, Expiitro'tio, Patrn'tio, Spennnli'ijp,
The emission of sperm. That which occi-ra
during coition has been termed Inscminn'iinn.
The act, by which that fluid is darted out tliroui'h
the urethra. '
E.TACULA'TOR. Same etymon. That which
effects the eiuission of sperm. See Transvcrsus
perinaei.
E.JACUI.ATOR Semi\is, Accelerator urina;.
EJAC'ULATORY, EJnculato'rins, Ejac' nhim :
same etymon. (F.) Ejacnlateur, Ejacuhttoire.
Concerned in the ejaculation of sperm.
E.jAcui.ATOHY Ducts or Canals, (F.) Cnndniin
ou Canaux ejncnhitenrs, are formed by the uiiidn
of the vasa deferentia with the ducts of the ve.-i-
culae seminales. They open at the lateral iimi
anterior parts of the verumontanum, and cimvey
into the urethra the sperm which is discliargi'il
from the vesiculae, as well as that which comes
directly from the testicle by the vas deferens.
Between them there is often a depression, snmc-
tiracs of a large size, which is termed h'trte'iihn,
U. 2'>rost(it'icus, Vesi'ca seu vesic'ula proHlrit'iin,
Sinus ]u>cula'ris seu pros'tatce, Corpus'ciilKmWili-
eria'num, Wehe'rian organ or corpuscle, wliicii
has been regarded as the analogue to the uterus
in the female, and thence called U'terus muscu-
li'iiiis.
EJECTIO, Excretion— e. Fascum, Defecation.
EJECTION, Ejec'tio, from ejicere, ejccinm, (p,
and jacere,) 'to throw out or eject.' Tbe excre-
tion of the faeces, urine, sputa, <fee.
EL NISPERO, Sapota.
ELABORA'TION, Elahorn'tio, from e, and
lahorare, hihoratuin, 'to work.' This word is
used, by physiologists, to signify the vnrious
changes which substances susceptible of assimi-
lation undergo, through the action of living
organs, before they are capable of serving for nu-
trition. The food is said to be eluboroled in the
stomach during the formation of cliyiuc; the
chyme is elaborated in the small intestine before
it is chyle, &e.
EL^A, Olea Europaea.
EL^AGNUS, Myrica gale— e. Cordo, Myricn
gale.
EL^OCARPUS COPALLIFERUS, Copal.
ELjEOCEROLE, Cerate. .
EL^OM'ELI, from tXaiov, 'oil,' and \ith,
'honey.' Dioscorides means, by this, an oil
thicker than honey, and of a sweet taste, whicli
flows from the trunk of a tree in Syria. It is
acrid and purgative ; and sometimes occasions
serious symptoms, according to that author. —
Gorrajus.
EL^.OM'ETER, from tlaiov, 'oil,' and itiTfov,
'measure.' A very delicate glass hydroniet^T, tor
testing the purity of olive or almond oil, by <le-
termiuing their densities. The 0 or zero of the
scale is the point at which the instrument floats
in the oil of poppy seeds. In pure olive oil, it
floats at 50°, and the space between these points
is divided into 60 equal parts, and numbered ac-
cordingly. It floats at .38° or 38i° in pure oil of
almonds.
EL.EON, Oil.
ELyEOPH'ANES, from cXaiov, 'oil,' and (^am-
liai, 'I appear.' That which has the appearance
of oil ; as Ui'i'na elceoph'anes.
EL.EO-SACCHARUM
325
ELECTUARIUM
EL.EO-SAC'CIIARUM, from t\aiov, 'oil,' and
aaii)^ap, 'pugnr.' O'leo-Suc'charum, Iiiil'i<nno-
iStic'rhnntm, (F.) OUosaechdrole. A medicine,
composed of essentiiil oil and sugiir. It was made
liy piiuring upon an ounce of sugar, reduced to
an inrpalpaV)Ie powder, ^l^ss or 3J "f <in essential
oil; the mixture being triturated until the two
substances were perfectly united. — llolfink.
ELAIN, see Fat.
ELAIS GUINEENSIS, see Cocos butyracea—
e. Occidcntalis. see Cocos butyracea.
ELAN, Cervus alces.
ELAXCKMHNT, see Lancinating.
ELAIMIOHOSCUM, Pastinaca sativa.
ELAIMIOM'YC'ES GRANULA'TUS, E. ojftci-
ii'i'IIh, (iXc^aj, 'a stag,' and fivKtji, 'a fungus.')
/,i/copenlon cervi'iiiim, Cerri Jivle'tns, Bole'tiis
rerri'iiiiH, Titber cerci'itum, Hart's Triijfles, Deer
IIhUh, Li/c(>penl(in nuta. N(it. Order, Fungi.
Formerly used in the preparation of a BulHamuH
iijmplecliriiH, and to promote labour and the secre-
liiin of milk. Given, also, as an aphrodisiac.
Dose, ,^iss, in powder.
ELAIMIKIUM ELEMIFERUM, see Amyris
elemifcra — e. Toinentosum, Fagara octandra.
KLAI'Sl'S, Luxation.
KLAS'.MA, from cXavvui, 'I drive up.' A clyster
pipe. — Linden.
ELASTES, Elasticity.
ELASTICINE, see Fibrous.
ELASTICITY, El«'<tic"itas, El'nter, Elan'tei,
El' (lien, Via elim'tica. Tone, 'J'imic"ity , (F.) Con-
(rndiliti cle Tisun, C'lntrncli/ite par defant d'e.r-
triiHitiii, horn tAuui/id, 'I impel,' £AaoTi75, 'a driver.'
The property by which certain bodies return to
tlieir ]>roper size and shape, where these have
lieon moclified by pressure or otherwise. It is
piissessed by the dead as well as by the living
solid.
EL.\TE, Finns picea — e. Theleia, Pinus rubra.
ELATER. Elasticity.
EIjATERINE, see Momordica elaterium.
ELATERIUM, Extractum elaterii, Momordica
elaieriiiMi — e. Cordifolium, Momordica elaterium.
EFvATES, Elasticity.
ELATIN, see Momordica elaterium.
ELATINE, Antirhinum elatine — e. Cymbala-
ria, Antirhiouin linaria — e. Ilastata, Antirhinum
eliitine.
ELBOCK, Elbow.
ELBOW, Sax. elbosa, from ell, and bow; the j
bend of the ulna. Cubitus, Ancon, Peclii/i, Ulna,
Umbo, (So.) Elbnclc, Elbuck, (F.) Comle. This
word, abstractedly, means the angle formed by
the union of two straight bodies. It is particu-
larly applied to the articulation of the arm with
the forearm, and especially to the projection
fiirmed by the olecranon process at the posterior
part of the joint.
Ei.Bow, MixKiis', see Miners' Elbow.
KLBUCK, Elbow.
ELCA.l A, Trichilia emetica.
El.CO.MA, Ulcer.
ELCOPLASTY, Ilelcoplasty.
ELCO'SIS, //eUo'.ii.i. Eleo'iiia, Hclco'ma, from
f>Mf, 'an ulcer.' Ulceration in general. An
ulcer. A deep ulceration of the cornea, in con-
fi'ipience of a blow or of violent inflammation. —
tiiilen, Par^.
Saayagos applies the terra to a state of the
body, in which there are numerous ulcerations of
"n obstinate character, complicated with caries,
piitresoencv, low fever, Ac.
ELCUSTER, Embryulcus.
ELDEK, Sambucns — e. Common, Sarabucus
Cnnudensis— e. Dwarf, Ar.ilia hispida, Sarabucus
ebulus — e. Prickly, Aralia spinosa — e. Redber-
tied, Saaibucus pubens.
ELECAMPANE, Inula helenium
ELECTRICITAS, Electricity — e. Animalifl,
Galvanism — e. Galvanica, Galvanism — e. MetaU
lica. Galvanism.
ELECTRIC'ITY^, Electric" itas, from rj^cKTpov,
'amber,' — the substance in which it was first no-
ticed. Electricity is used medicinally as an ex-
citant. It has been occasionally employed with
success in paralysis, rheumatism, accidental deaf-
ness, amaurosis, amenorrhoea, &c., but it is un-
certain, and not much used ; and the cases are not
always clear in which it could be of service. It
may be communicated by means of the electric
bath — Bain electri<jue, as it has been called;
which consists in placing the patient upon an
insulated stool, and connecting him with the prime
conductor, of which he thus becomes a part. The
fluid may be communicated by points, sparks, or
by shocks, according to the required intensity.
Electricity, Chemical, Galvanism — e. Con-
tact, Galvanism — e. Magnetic, Electro-Magne-
tism— e. Voltaic, Galvanism.
ELECTRIFY", from electric, and fo, 'I
make.' (F.) Electriser. To produce the electri-
cal condition in a body, or to render it suscep-
tible of producing electrical phenomena. It is
often used to signify the act of communicatiDg
the electric fluid to man.
ELECTRISER, to electrify.
ELECTRO'DES, from ^jXt-frpov, 'amber,' and
eiioi, 'resemblance.' An epithet for evacuations,
which shine like amber. — Hippocrates, Foesius.
ELEC'TRO-LITIIOT'RITY. The disintegra-
tion of calculi in the bladder by the mechan-
ical force of the electrical discharge, applied by
an appropriate apparatus.
ELECTRO -MAG'NETISM, MagnH'ic elec-
tric' it;/. An electro-magnetic apparatus is occa-
sionally used in cases of paralysis. A convenient
form consists of a battery of six curved perma-
nent magnets, and an intensity armature, around
whose cylinders 1500 yards of fine insulated cop-
per wire are coiled. The ends of the wire commu-
nicate respectively, with a pair of directors, each
of which holds a piece of sponge, dipped in vine-
gar or a solution of common salt. When the
armature is rotated, and a portion of the body is
intcrposeii between the directors, a succession of
shocks is received.
ELECTROPUNCTURE,jE'/ec?ro;),(!ic?»rrY'^/o»,
Electroslijc'ix, Gal'vanopKiictiire, The operation
of inserting two or more wires, and then con-
necting them to the poles of the galvanic appa-
ratus.
' ELECTROSTIXIS, Electropuncture.
ELECTRUiM, Succinum.
ELECTUAIRE, Electuarium — e. Dentifrice,
Dentifrice — e. Simple, Conserva.
ELECTUA'RIUM, Electa'rium, Opia'tnm, (Old
Eng.) AlUctuary, an Electuary, (F.) Electuaire
Saccharole mou, from eligere, electum, 'to make
choice.' A pharmaceutical composition of a soft
consistence, somewhat thicker than honey, and
formed of powders, pulps, extracts, syrup, honey,
(fee. In the London and American Pharma-
copoeias, electuaries are classed under Confec-
tions.
Electuarium de Aloi^, Opiatum mesentericuta
— e. Aperiens, Confectio senna; — e. Aromaticum,
Confectio aromatica — e. Cassias, Confectio cassia3
— e. Cassife fistulas, Confectio cassia; — e. Cassire
sennae, Confectio sennae — e. Cassire tamarindatuni
seu lenitivum, Confectio cassiae — e. Catechu, Con-
fectio catechu compositum — e. Catholicum com-
mune, Confectio senna; — e. Cinchona?, Opiatum
febrifugum — e. de Croco emendatum, Confectio
hj'acinthi — e. Diaprunum, Confectio senna; — e.
Eccoproticum, Confectio seunte — e. de Kina kina.
ELECTUARY
826
ELEVATOR
Opiatum fi'1irifu2;iim — e. Laxativum, Confectio
eassii¥ — e. Lenitivuui, Confectio senuiv; — e. Opia-
tum, Confectio opii— e. Piperis, Confectio piperis
— e. Scamnionii, Confectio scaininoiiijB — e. 6
Scanuiionio, Confectio scaninionifc — e. Sennpp,
Confectio sennic — e. Sennfe compositum, Confectio
sennte — e. Sennit cum pulpis, Confectio senna —
c. Solidum, Tabella — e. TLebaicum, Confectio
opii.
ELECTUARY, Electuarium— e. Lenitive, Con-
fectio senna?.
ELEENCEPHALE, from c>aiov, 'oil,' and
tyKvjxiXov. •encoplialon.' A fatty matter found by
Couerlie in the encephalic neurine.
ELELISPIIACOS, Salvia.
EL'EMENT, Elemen'tum, from ancient eJeo
for oleo. 'to grow' [?], Piiittip'iiim, P. Primiti'-
vum, Stoirhei'on. A simple, ultimate constituent
or principle in the human body, which forms the
basis of a fibre or tissue. Also, a constituent of
n compound organ. The inorganic elements are
simple principles. An orgnnic element, jvoxi-
mate principle or compniiud of organization, re-
sults from the union of certain inorfranic ele-
ments. Oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, and azote,
are inorganic elements; fibrin, albumen, osma-
zome, &e., organic elements.
Ei.KMBSTs, OiiGANic, Principles, immediate — e.
Sarcous, si'c Sarcous.
ELEMENTARY CELL, see Cell.
ELEMEXTUM ACIDIFICUM, Oxygen.
ELEML Aniyris elemifera.
ELENIUM, inula hclenium.
ELEO'CHARIS PALHS'TRIS, Scirpus pa-
Im'lrin; indigenous. Oid. Cyperaceaj. The
flowering tops, seeds and roots are a.stringent, and
have been used in diarrhoea and liomorrhage.
ELEOLES, Olea medieinalia.
ELEOSELTNUM, Apium petroselinum.
ELEPHANTFASIS, Elephanti'a, Elephnn-
tifis'mns, El'ephnt, Liiz'ari niorbui seu malum,
Phrfinc"enH morhnu, Phi/tnato'sin Elcphanti'anin,
from e\!:<pai, c^ttfiavrof, 'an elephant.' Various
affections have been described under this name,
by adding an epithet. It is ordinarily and gene-
rically applied to a condition, in which the skin
is thick, livid, rugous, tuberculate, and insensible
to feeling. •
Elrphantiasis op thr Antilles, Barho'clncs
Leg, Gland' iiliir di^eime of Barhadops, (F.) Jambes
de Barbade, is the Elephantiasis of many writers,
Biicne'mia. It is characterized by the leg being
enormously tumid and misshapen ; skin thick-
ened, livid, and rugous, often seal}'; scrotum,
arms, or other parts sometimes participating in
the affection. The Bncne'mia Trop'ica, Cochin
ley. is an affection of this kind.
Elkphanti'asis Arab'ica, Tyri'asin, El'ephas,
Elephtniti'anin, E. fn'dica, Ele))hanti'a Ar'nbiim,
Lepra Arabnm (of some), Jfa/adie glandulaire,
Ladrerie, Yaon Skin of the Polynesians [?]. In
this the tubercles are chiefly on the face and
joints. There is loss of hair, except on the
scalp: voice, hoarse and nasal: and the disease
is said to be contagious and hereditary. It most
frequently attacks the feet; and gives the lower
extremity a fancied resemblance to the leg of an
elephant, whence its name. The seat of the dis-
ease seems to be in the lymphatic vessels and
glands, and in the subcutaneous areolar tissue :
the inflammatory condition of which is accom-
panied with general morbid symptoms. Medicine
lias little or no effect on this loathsome complaint.
See Lepra.
ElrphAxVtiasis ok Cayenne, Jfal rouge de
Cayenne, seems to be a variety of Lepra, charac-
terized by red and yellow spot.s, occupying the
forehead, cars, hands, loins, <fcc., afterwards ex-
tending and becoming scaly, with deformity of
the parts where tliey are seated, partieuhirly of
the face ; and ultimately producing cruck.s, ulcers,
caries, and sometimes death.
Elephantiasis of the Greeks, E. Graco'-
rttm, is probably the same disease as Lepra.
Elephantiasis op India is characterized by
red, livid, or yellowish spots, slightly proiiiinenf,
to which succeed indolent tumours, formed in tijc
areolar texture. At a more advanced period tlio
phalanges swell, and become ulcerated; the bones
of the nose carious, the lips thickened, and enm-
ciation gradually carries off the patient. It like-
wise belongs to lepra.
Elephantiasis Italica, Pellagra.
Elephantiasis ok Java is likewise a variety
of lepra, characterized by large white tumours
on the toes and fingers, resembling scrof'uhnis
tumefactions. These tumours ulcerate, and tho
ulcerations spread from the extremities towards
the trunk, destroying even the bones. Amputa-
tion can alone arrest its progress. The discusc
is often accompanied by alopecia, and by an
eruption of re<l spots.
ELEPHAN'TINUM EMPLAS'TRUM, E\c-
(pnvTtvov. An ancient plaster, composed of :',{)
parts of ceriinK, 45 of wax, oil tbss, wal(fr tbj. —
Castelli. Oribasius and Celsus both mention a
plaster of this name, but they are by no means
similar in composition.
ELEPIIANTOMMA, Buphth.almia.
ELEPHAN'TOPUS, (F.) Elephantnpe ; from
£X£0as, 'elephant,' and novs, 'foot.' One affected
with elephantiasis.
ELEPHANTUSIA, Phytelephas macrocarpii.
ELEPHAS, Elephantiasis, Ivory.
ELETTARIA CARDAMOMUM, Amomura
cardamomum.
ELEUTERIA, Croton cascarilla.
ELEVATEUR, Elevator—^. Commiin de I'nih
du nez et de la levre auperieure. Levator labii su-
perioris alajque nasi — e. de I'CEil, Rectus superior
oculi — e. de la Paiipiere superieure, Levator pul-
pebric superioris.
ELEVATOIRE, Elevator.
ELEVA'TIO U'TERL Ascent of the uterus.
This displacement occasionally occurs, in the
unimpregnated state, in connection with fibrous
uterine, and enlarged ovarian tumours.
ELEVA'TOR, Levator, from elevare, (e, and
levare.) 'to lift up.' (F.) Elevateur. A muscle,
whose function it i.s to raise the part into wbicL
it is inserted. See Levator.
Elevator, Elevato'rium, Vecfis elevnto'rins,
Ele.ratoire. A name given to different surgical
instruments employed for raising portions of bone
which have been depressed, for raising and de-
taching the portion of bone separated by tlic
crown of the trepan, and for removing stumps
of teeth.
Elevator Ani, Levator ani — e. Labii inferin-
ris. Levator labii inferioris — e. Labii superioris
proprius. Levator labii superioris proprius — c.
Labiorum communis, Levator anguli oris — e.
Oculi, Rectus superior oculi — e. Patienti*, Leva-
tor scapulae — e. Scapulae, Levator scapulie — c.
Tcsticuli, Cremaster — e. Urethrae, see Transver-
sus perinaei.
Elevator, Common. This is a mere lever, the
end of which is somewhat bent and made rough,
in order that it may less readily slip away fr»m
the portion of bone which is to be raised. The
instrument is used, by forming a fulcrum for it,
either on the hand which holds it, or upon tho
fingers of the other hand; or by making a fixed
point for it on the edge of the opening made with
the trephine.
Elevator of Louis differed from the last only
£le ve ex ter xe
02 7
ELLEBORASTER
in the circnrastance of the screw-peg being united
to tlic bridge by a, Itind of jiivot instead of hinge,
80 that greater extent of motion was permitted.
Ei.EVAToii OP Pktit con?i?ts of a lever mounted
on a handle, and straight throughout its whole
length, except at its very end, whieh is slightly
curved, in order that it may be more conveni-
ently put under the portion of bone intended to
be elevated. The lever is pierced at various dis-
tances from its butt-end with several holes, in-
tended for the reception of a movable screw-peg,
fixed on the top of a kind of bridge. This part
of the instrument consists of an arch, the ends
of which are long, and covered with small pads,
and on its centre is the screw-peg already men-
tioned. By means of these holes the arm of the
lever can be lengthened at pleasure.
Elkvatou, Tiup'Lon), Veciin tn'ploi'des. This
was-so called from its consisting of three branches,
uniting above in one common trunk. The latter
part was traversed by a long screw, having below
ft kind of hook, and above a handle for turning
it. By turning the screw, the hook was drawn
up. and the bone thus elevated.
Tbe simple lever is the only one now used,
owing to the want of facility and advantages in
the use of the others.
KLEVE EKTERNE, see House-surgeon — e.
Iitl'-nie, House-surgeon.
ELEVURICS (F.), EfflorencenticB. A generic
name, including all the exanthemata, in which
there is tumefaction of the tissue of the skin.
See Exantliem.
EIjF-LOCK. a condition of the hair in which
it is malted and twisted into locks, as in plica.
Supposed, in olden times, to have been the work
of elves or fairies.
ELIASTER, Ilech.
KLICIIRYSUM, Solidago virgaurea— e. Mon-
tanuin, Antennaria dioica.
KLICOIDES, Capreolaris.
KLUiMA. Eelectos.
ELIMINANTIA, Eccritica.
KLIMINATIVES, Eccritica.
ELIQUATIO, Colliquation.
ELIXA'TIO, E/>ne'sis, from eHxtin, (e, and h'x,
'water, liquor, lye,') 'boiled,' 'sodden.' This
word has been used synonymously with Decoc-
tion. The act of boiling.
ELIX'IR, hh; Ixir, Quellcs, Alex'ir. The
etymology of this word is not clear. Lemery
derives it from tA/cu, 'I extract;' and also from
oXc(iu, ' I aid.' Others believe it to be from Ara-
bic, al-ecnh; or nl-tk-eir, 'chymistry.' An elixir
IS a medicine composed of various substances
held in solution in alcohol. The name has been
used, however, for preparations which contain
no spirit of wine.
Elixir Ac"iD05t Halleri seu Dtppel'ii,
B. Antlpnday'ricum seu Aiitlnephret'icum seu
Siilj>hi'r;co.ac"idHm, Gutta; ac"id(B ton'iccB, Aqua
Riibe'lii, Liquor ac"idus JfoUeri, Mistu'ra snl-
J)hiCricn.,ic"ida, JSlker sulphu'riciia ac"iduii,
Ac"idum siiljihu'n'cum alcoo/ina'litm, A. vilrioV-
icmn vhio'mm, Al'cohol Siilpliiirica'tion, A. sul-
phu'ricHiit, is a mixture of concentrated sulphuric
acid and alcohol — in the Eau de Rnhel, of one
part of the former to three of the latter. It is
employed as an astringent in hemorrhages, <fcc.
fci.iMu .Aldks, Tinctura aloes coinposita — e.
Anihelminticum Succorum, Tinctura jalapii com-
posita.
Elixir, ANTi-AsTH»fAT'ic, of Boerhaave.
This elixir is composed of nlcnhol, aniseed, cam-
Pfior, orrin, anarabacca root, cahtmuK nromaticiis,
liqiinrlrf, and efecampnne. It is given in asthma
in the dose of 20 or 30 drops.
i^uxiu A.\riuvi»ocuo.\DUiACUM, Tinctura cin-
chonae amara — e. Antinephreticum, E. acidnm
Halleri — e. Aperitivum, Tinctura aloes composita.
Elixir, A.ntiscrof'ulous of Peyriliif, ; com-
posed of weak alcohol, subcarbonate of polnssp,
and gentian root. It is administered in scrofula.
Elixir, Boerhaave's, see Tinctura aloes com-
posita.
Elixir, Carminative, of Sylvids, Tinctura
carminativa Sylvii.
Elixir Claude'ri, Clauder's Elixir. Made
by ma^cerating for a few days carbonate of pa-
tdKua ^5j ; aloes, guaiacnm, nn/rrh, saffron, rhu-
barb bruised, of each gij ; water f^^xviij ; and
decanting. Dose, a tablespoonful as a laxative
and eramenagogue.
Elixir, Daffy's, Tinctura sennae comp. — e.
Danorura, E. pectorale regis Daniae — e. Foetidum,
Tinctura castorei composita — e. of Garus. Tinc-
tura de croco composita — e. Guaiaci volatilis,
Tinctura Guaiaci aminoniata — e. Jalapse compo-
situin, Tinctura jalapii composita — e. of Long
Life, Tinctura aloes composita — e. de Longue vie,
Tinctura aloes composita — e. d'Or de M. le Ge-
neral de la iVotte, Tinctura seu Alcohol sulfurieo-
ajthercus — e. Paregoric, Edinburgh, Tinctura
opii ammoniata — e. Paregoricum, Tinctura cam-
phorae composita — e. Pectorale dulce, E. pecto-
rale regis Daniae.
Elixir Pkctora'le Regis Da'ni^e, E. Dano'-
rum seu Ringelman'ni seu ex sncco glycijrrhi'zm
seu 2)ect<iru'le dul'ee seu e succo llquirit"icB : (Sncc.
glyeyrrhiz. p. 1; Aq. Fa-nicul. p. 2; Alcohol am-
moniat. p. 6. A formula in many of the Pharma-
copoeias of continental Europe.) With the addi-
tion of opium it constitutes the Elixir ammoni-
ato-opia'lunt, Extracti/m theba'icum ammoniaea' le
of some Pharmacopoeias.
Elixir Pkoi-rietatis, Tinctura aloes compo-
sita— e. Purgans, Tinctura jalapii composita — e.
Radcliffe's, see Tinctura aloes coinposita — e. Rhej
dulce, Vinum rhej palmati — e. Ringelmanni, E.
pectorale regis Dania> — e. Roborans AVhyttii,
Tinctura cinchona; amara — e. Sacrum, Tinctura
rhej et aloes — e. Salutis, Tinctura sennae comp.
— e. Squire's, see Tinctura camphoric compositii
— e. Stomaohicuni, Tinctura gentianae composita
— e. Stomaehicum spirituosum. Tinctura cinchons©
amara — e. Stoughton's, see Tinctura gentianse
compositi} — e. ex Succo glycyrrhiza;, E. pectorale
regis Danite — e. ex Succo liquiritite, E. pectorale
regis Danorum — e. Sulphurico-acidum, E. acidum
Halleri — e. Traumaticum, Tinctura Benzoini
composita.
Elixir Vit^ of Mathi'olus ; composed of
alcohol and 22 aromatic and stimulating sub-
stances. It was formerly employed in e])ilepsy.
Elixir of Vitriol, Sulphuric acid, dilute — e.
Vitrioli, Sulphuricum acidum aromaticum — e.
Vitrioli acido-aromaticum, Sulphuricum acidum
aromaticum — e. Vitrioli dulce, Spiritus setheris
aromaticus, Sulphuricum acidum aromaticum —
e. Vitrioli Edinburgensium, Sulphuricum acidum
aromaticum — e. Vitrioli Mynsichti, Sulphuricum
acidum aromaticum — e. of Vitriol, sweet, Spiritus
aetheris aromaticus — e. Vitrioli cum tinctura aro-
matiea, Sulphuricum acidum aromaticum — e. of
Vitriol, Vigani's, Spiritus atheris aromaticus — e.
Whyttii, Tinctura cinchonoe amara.
ELIXIRIUM ANTISEPTICUM DOCTORIS
CHA USSIER, Tinctura cinchonas setherea com-
posita.
ELIXIS, Eelectos.
ELIXIVIATION, Lisiviation.
ELK, Cervus alces — e. Bark, Magnolia macro-
phylla — e. Tree, Andromeda arborea — e. Wood,
Andromeda arborea, Magnolia macropbylla.
ELKOPLASTY, Helcoplasty.
ELLARNE, Sambucus.
ELLEBORASTER, Uelleborus fcetidus.
ELLEBORE
328 EMBARRAS GASTRIQUE
ELLEBORE, Dracontium foetidum.
ELLEBORISMUS, Helleborismus.
ELLEUOllUM ALBUM, Verutrum album.
ELLEBORUS ALBUS, Veratrum — e. Niger,
HoUeborus uigcr.
ELLKX-TREE, Sambucus.
ELLiOR, Alims gliitinosa.
ELLERMAN'SDEO'DORIZING FLUID. An
fiiuibroinic or remover of odours — said to be a
solution of a persalt of iron.
ELLET, Sambucus.
ELLIPTIC, Oval.
ELLYCH'NIOTOS, from tWvxviov, 'the wick
of a lamp.' A sort of tent, used by the ancient
surgeons, so called because it was shaped like a
ivick, or because it was made of a similar material.
ELM, COMMON, Ulmus— e. Red, Ulmus Ame-
ricana— e. Rougli-leaved, Ulmus Americana — e.
Slipperv, Ulmus Americana.
ELMINTHOCORTON, Corallina Corsicana.
ELXORXE. Sambucus.
ELO'DES, Helo'des, Paludal, Marshy, (F.) 3Ia-
rec(ujeux, Paludeen, Pidustre. Febrh elo'des seu
helo'des seu pnlndo'sa, Hvlop'yra, Hclopyr'etos,
from 'tXt>5, 'a marsh,' and uboi, 'resemblance.'
Marsh fever. (F.) Fievre intcrmitleute ptdu-
deeniie, F. paludeenne ou Mareninintitjiie, because
it prevails in the Maremma district of Iftily.
Also, a kind of fever, characterized by great
moisture or sweating.
ELO.ME, Orpiment.
ELONGA'TION, Parnfhro'mn, Elonga'tio,
from etovi/are, elongatum, (e, and longus.) 'to
lengthen.' 'e.xtend.' An incomplete lu.xation, in
which the ligaments of an articulation are stretched
and the limb lengthened, without total luxation.
The word has also been used for the extension re-
quired in the reduction of fractures and luxations,
and for the increased length of limb, (F.) AUnngc-
ment. in diseases and dislocations of the hip-joint.
ELREN, Sambucus.
ELTII, see Age.
ELUTRIATIO, Decantation, Elutriation.
ELUTRIA'TION, Elmria'tio; originally from
e.liio, (c, and luo, ' 1 wash,') ' I wash away, I
rinse.' In pharmacy a process by which the
finer particles of a powder are separated from the
coarser. It consists in diffusing the powder in
water, allowing the larger and heavier particles
to subside, and then decanting the liquor, that
the finer particles may subside.
ELU'VIES, same etymon. An inordinate dis-
charge of any fluid, and also the fluid itself. In
the works of some authors it is particularly ap-
plied to the mucus which flows from the vagina
ill cases of leucorrhoea.
ELUXATION, Luxation.
ELYTRATRESIA, Colpatresia.
ELYTREURYNTER, Speculum vaginae.
ELYTRITIS, Colposis, Leucorrhoea.
ELYTROBLENNORRIKEA, Leucorrhoea (va-
ginal).
EL'YTROCE'LE, from c}.vTpov, 'a, vagina or
sheath,' and KijXtj, 'a tumour.' Vogcl has given
this name to vaginal hernia, Colpoce'le.
ELYTRODES (tunica), Vaginal coat of the
ti'sticle.
ELYTRCEDE'MA, Coleoede'ma, Colpoede'ma,
from [KvTfiov. ' a vagina or sheath,' and oiirijia,
'oedema.' ffidema of the vagina.
ELYTROITIS, Colposis.
EL'YTRON, from eXuu), 'I involve.' A sheath.
The vagina. The membranes which envelope
the spinal marrow are called elytra.
ELYTROX'CUS, E/i/trophy'ma, from e).vTpov,
'a. vagina or sheath,' and oyKOf, 'a tumour.' A
swelling of the vagina.
ELYTROPAP'PUS RIIINOCERO'TIS. A
South African bush, Nat. Ord. Compositae, the
wliole of which is bitter and resinous. The tops
of the branches, infused in wine or brandy, mako
excellent bitters. The tops arc also given in
powfler to children affected with diarrha-a.
ELYTROPIIYMA, Elytroncus.
EL'YTROPLAS'TY, Efijlruphia'tice ; from
t\vTj)ov, 'the vagina,' and vhtaoia, ' I form.' The
operation for restoration of the vagina.
ELYTROPTOSIS, Prolapsus vagina;.
ELYTRORRIIAGIA, Colporrhagia.
ELYTROR'RIIAPUY, Elytrorrhaph'iii, Col-
por'rhapy, Kulpor' ihciphij ; from tS.vrpov, 'tllO
vagina,' and pnipr], 'a suture.' The operation of
closing the vagina by suture in cases of prociden-
tia uteri.
EM and EN, cv, 'in, into, within;' also 'ex-
cess:' frequently used in this last sense by Dr.
Good. A common prefix, generally answering to
the prefixes -im and in, in English. In composi-
tion, before /3, jt, 0, -J/, and /i, the v is changed
into ji; before y, k, ^, and x> '"'o Y> before X,
into X ; and before /> gener.ally into p.
EMACIATE, 3Iaceii'cere, Tahen'cere, (F.)
Amaigrir ; from emruinre, emaciritum, (e, and
maceo, 'to be lean,') 'to grow lean.' To luso
flesh, to become lean, to waste away.
EMACIA'TION, Emacia'tio, Ejcteniut'Hn, Ma',
cies, Macritu'do, Jt/acror, 3ln>eo'res, Skcleli'a,
Leptysm'us, Leptyn'sis, Pingned'iiiia diminu'tio,
(F.) Arnaigrissement, Deperissement. That con-
dition of the body, or of a part of the body, in
which it grows lean. The state of one who is
lean^ — Leaniiesi, Isch'notes, (F.) 3l(iigreHr.
EMAIL DES DENTS, Enamel of the teeth.
EMAfLLOTAGE (F.), from mmllot, 'swath-
ing or svi'addling clothes.' The 'wrapping up' or
'packing up' in dry or wet sheets, which is prnc-
tised in hydropathic establishments to induce
sweating.
EMANA'TION, Emana'tio, Efflu'vbm, from
emanrire, emnnatnm, (e, and mannre.) 'to issue
or flow from.' The term is applied to a body
which proceeds or draws its origin from other
bodies — such as the light which emauntm from
the sun ; the miasm which arises from the putrid
decomposition of animal or vegetable substances,
&c. See Miasm.
EMAN'SIO MEN'SIUM, from e, and wanere,
mannum, 'to stay.' This term has been applied
to amenorrhoea or obstruction of the menses be-
fore they have been established. Some have
used it for the retention which occurs even after
they have been established. The former is the
general acceptation.
EMARGINATIO, Echnncrure, Notch.
EMARGINATURA, Eehanerure, Notch.
EMASCULA'TION, Emnscula'tio, from cmni-
cnlare, (e, and masciihis, 'a male,') 'to render
impotent.' The act of removing or destroying
the generative organs of a male animal.
EMASCULATUS, Castratus, Eunuch.
EMBALM'ING, from em, en, 'in,' and baha-
mum, ' balsam.' Bahama'tio, Smyrnh'mon, Ce-
dci'a, Pollinctu'ra, Necrocedi'n, Cotulitii'ra Ca-
dav'erum, (F.) Emhanmcment, Iinhnhnntntloii. An
operation which consists in impregnating the
dead body with substances capable of preventing
it from becoming putrid, and thus putting it in a
condition to be preserved.
E.MBAM'MA, Apobmn'mn, Bnnmn, from i/i-
PaTvru), (epi, and /Sairru, ' I dip,') ' I immerse.' A
medicated pickle or sauce. — Gorrieus.
EMHARRAS, Emphraxis.
EM HA lilt AS GASTHrQUE{¥.), Gmtncdii-
order or impediment, Co/ln'vies goD'trica, Sordei
primii'rnm t^ia'rum, Stattis gns'trieiis, Gmtff
atax'ia, {¥.) Gaatricite. Disorder of the stomach,
in which there is loss of appetite, with bitterness
EMBARRAS
3 '2 9
emEtiser
and clamminess of mouth, white and yellow
lipiigue, i'oeling of oppression in the epigastrium,
and souietiiiies pain in that region, nausea and
bilious or bitter vomiting; this state being ac-
cdinpaiiied with headach, lassitude, and pain in
the liack and limbs.
EMIiARUAS G ASTRO-INTESTINAL, Gas-
iio-inlex'tiiiul disorder. Slight gastro-enteritis,
according to the Broussaists, in which the synip-
tuins of the Embarrae </astrique and E. ititentinal
are united.
EM IS ARRAS INTESTINAL, lutes' tinal die-
order. The principal characters assigned to this
are: — tension of the abdomen colic, borborygmi,
discharge of flatus peranum, constipation or diar-
rhoea, <tc.
EMIiARRURE, Engisoma.
i;.1///.-l UMEMENT, Embalming.
EM/!OITE.)lENT{F.). ' Encasing,' from em,
'in,' and hoite, 'a box.' Eiiadelphi'a, Endit-
delplil'ii, Enlerndelphi'n. This term has been
applied to the theory of generation \vhi(^h con-
fidurs that the germs are encased in each other
in tlie ovary of the female, in such sort that they
nre developed in succession after impregnation.
It is the theory of encasing of germs, or of mons-
tronily hij inc/iciioii.
E.UIlOiTURE, Diarthrosis.
EM'BOLE, from r/y/JuXAu., (c/i and jSanoi,) 'I
put in place.' Reduction of a luxated bone.
RepiiHii"io. Also, a plug, as of a blood-vessel.
E.MIJOJJMOS. Intercalary.
E.MHOLUM CEREBRI, Infundibulum of the
bruin.
EMIiONROINT, (F.) 'In good point or
pli;;lit.' Hiinii air'poris hahila'do. The state
of the animal body when in full health. Exces-
sive emhiinjjijiiit constitutes corpulence and obe-
sity, and mav become a morbid condition.
EM HON POINT EXCESSIF, Poiysarciaadi-
posa.
EMBORTSMA, Aneurism.
E.MBOWELLING, Exenterismus.
EMliRKGMA. Embrocation.
EMDRUCATIO, Embrocation, Irrig.ntion.
EMBRUCA'TIOxX, Embroca'tio, Embrcij'ma,
Eiii'bniclie, liiiplii'rinm, from tfij3i)e)(^w, (t//, and
fti£X"' 'I «'*-'t,') 'I dip in.' A fluid application
to be rubbed on any part of tl)e body. It is
often used synonymijusly with liniment. Origi-
nally it was euipluyed in the sense of Fomeniu-
lion.
E.MBnocATioN, GuESToxiAN, see Oleum Tere-
biiithinie reetificatum.
EMBROCIIE, Embrocation.
EM'DRYO, Em'bri/nii, from cv, 'in,' and l3pv(a,
'I grow.' Cyc'ina. Tlie fecundated germ, in the
early stngos of its development in utero. At a
certain period of its increase, the name/u'/os is
given to it, but at what period is not determined.
Generally, the embri/o state is considered to ex-
tend to the jieriod of quickening.
K.MnilYOC'TONY, Fa-tHs tmcida'tio, from
tfiii^vov, 'the embryo,' and ktovo^, 'destruction.'
The act of destroying a foetus in utero, when in-
stirmountable obstacles — as certain deformities
of the |H'lvis — oppose delivery.
K.MBRYOG'RAPIIY, Embryogra'phia, from
ciii3fWoi>, 'the embryo,' and ypa^v< 'a description.'
The piirt of anatomy which describes the embrvo.
E.MBRYOL'OGY, Embnjoloi/'ia, from ciiff^vov,
' the embryo,' and >oyoj, ' a description.' The
doi'trine of embryonic description.
E.MBRYON'IC, Embrynn'icm. (F.) Emhryo-
nujue, Embryonnaire ; same etymon as embryo.
Relating or appertaining to an embryo: as
'embn/onic life.'
EMBRYONIQUE, Embryonic.
EMBRYONNAIRE, Embryonic.
EMBRYOTIILAS'TA, Embry„thh,s'tes, Em-
bryothlns'tum, (F.) Embryotome, from tn^f,vov,
' the embryo,' and 5Aau, ' I break.' An instru..
ment for dividing the foetus piecemeal, in order
to effect delivery. A crotchet or other instru-
ment, used, in certain cases of laborious parturi-
tion, to break the bones of the foetus, for the
purpose of extracting them with greater facility.
— Ilippocrates, Galen.
EiMBRYOTOCIA, Abortion.
EMRR YOTOME, Embryothlasta.
EMBRY'OT'OMY', Embryotom'ia, froin tji^pvov,
'an embryo,' and rmvtiv, 'to cut.' A division of
the fojtus into fragments, to extract it by piece-
meal, when the narrowness of the pelvis or other
faulty conform.ntion op])oses delivery.
EMBRYOT'ROPIIY, Embryotroph'ia, from
tppfivov, 'the embryo,' and Tporpr/, 'nourishment.'
Fa'tal nutrition ; Cyol'rophy.
EMBRYUL'CIA, Embrynsterxd'eia, from £/»-
Ppvov, 'embryo, foetus,' and t\Kia, 'I extract,' 'I
draw.' A surgical operation, by which the foetus
is extracted by means of appropriate instruments,
when faulty conformation or other circumstances
prevent delivery by the natural efforts.
EMBRl'UL'CUS, £'('ci(«'<e)-, same etymon. An
iron hook or crotchet, described by Fabricius ab
Aquapendcnte, which was used to extract the
foetus in some cases of laborious labour.
EMBRYUSTERULCIA, Embryulcia.
EMENDANS, Corrigent.
EMERAUDE. Smaragdus.
EMERODS, Il^morrhois.
EMESIA, Vomiturition.
EMESIS, Vomiting.
EMETATROPH'IA, from f,,£w, ' I vomit,' and
aTpo<j,ta, ' want of nourishment.' Atrophy induced
by vomiting.
EMETIA, Emetine.
EiMET'IC, Eniet'icum, Vomifo'ritim, Vom'itory,
Vomit, Fnke, (Pro v.) Pivk, from tptu). 'I vomit.'
A^ substance capable of producing vomiting. (F.)
Emetiqtie. [This term is also restricted by the
French to tartnrized antimony — the emetic, as it
were, 2inr e.rceNence.^ Vomitif.
Tartarizcd antimony, emetine, ipecacuanha,
and sulphate of zinc, are the chief emetics.
They are valuable agents in disease, and may
either act primarily on the stomach, or seconda-
rily on other parts of the system, —the sym-
pathy between the stomach and other parts of
the body being very extensive, and an impor-
tant object of study.
The following are the usual emetics: — Anti-
monii et Potassae Tartras ; Cupri Acetas ; Cupri
Sulphas; Emetina ; Gillenia; Hydrargyri Sul-
phas Flavus; Ipecacuanha; Lobelia; Sanguina-
ria: Scilla; Sinapis, and Zinei Sulphas.
Emetic Root, Euph<jrbia coroilata — e. Tartar,
Antimoniura tartarizatum — e. Weed, Lobelia
inflata.
EMETICOLOGIA, Emetology.
EM'ETIXE. Emeti'na, Emet'ia, Vom'itine, Ce-
phaelinum. A vegetable alkali, discovered by
M. Pelletier in ipecacuanha, ar>d to which it owes
its emetic power. It is obtained from different
ipecacuanhas, but chiefly from psychot'rin emet'-
ica, cnllicoc'ca ■ipecacunn'ha, and vi'o/a emet'ica.
It is in transparent scales, of a reddish-brown
colour, almost inodorous, of a bitter, slightly
aerid taste: is unchangeable in the air. solulle in
water and alcohol, and insoluble in ether. Three
grains of impure emetia or one grain of pure are
equal to IS of ipecacuanha. See Ipecacuanha.
E M E TI QUE, Antimonium tartarizatum.
Emetic.
EJi£tISER (F.). To cause vomiting by
EMETO-CATHARSIS
330
EMPHYMA
emetics. In French pharmncy, it is, likewise,
used to signify the addition of Emetine — tartrate
of antimony and potassa — to a medicinal pre-
paration.
E.METO-CATHARSIS. see Eraeto-cathartic.
EM'ETO-CATHAK'TIC, Em'efo-cathar'tlcus,
from e/icTOf, •vomiting,' and Ka^apriKoi, 'a. purga-
tive.' A remeily, which at the same time excites
vomitinir and purging — Ein'eto-cathar'sis.
EMETOL'OGY, Emetohx/'ia, Emeticolog"ia,
from tficToi, 'vomiting,' and \oyoi, 'a discourse.'
A treiitise on vomiting, and on emetics.
EM'INENCE, Eiiihien'fin, Protuber<in'tia,Ex'-
oche, Ecanthe'ma. A projection at the surface
of a healthy or diseased organ.
EMINENCE PORTE ANTERTEURE, Lo-
bulus anonymus — e. Porte poslerieure, Lobulus
Spigelii — e. Sni-pubiennr, Mons veneris.
EMINENCES BIGl^MINEES, Quadrigemi-
na corpora — e. Laterales, Corpora olivaria — e-
Pi/ramiilales, Corpora pyramidalia — e. Vermi-
fovmes (ill cerve.let, Vermiforines processus.
EMIXENTIA, Protuberantia — e. Annularis,
Pons viirolii — e. Pyramidalis, Crista vestibuli — e.
Thyreoidoa.PomumAdami — e. Tvmpani,Pyramid.
E.MINENTI.E BIGEMIN^E, Quadrigemina
tubereula — e. Candicantes, Maminilhiry Tubercles
— e. Lentioulares, Corpora striata — e. Magna)
cerebri, Tlialami nervorum opticorura — - e. Medi-
an.B IiiternsB, Corpora pyramidalia — e. Olivaros,
Corpora olivaria — e. Ovales Laterales, Corpora oli-
varia— e. Pyrainidales, Corpora pyraniicialia — e.
QuadrigerainiB, Quadrigemiua tubereula — e. To-
retes. Processus teretes.
EMISSAIRE, Emunotory,
EMISSA'RIA SANTORI'NI, (F.) Emissnires
de Santoriiii. A name given to some small veins,
■which communicate with the sinuses of the dura
mater, by apertures in the cranium. Such are the
parietal, posterior condyloid, mastoid veins, Ac.
EMISSIO, Emission — e. Seminis, Sperma-
tismus.
EMIS'SION, Emie'sio, from emittere, (e, and
mittere, niissum,) 'to send out,' 'drive out.' The
act by which any matter whatever is thrown from
the body. Thus, we say Emission of urine, Emis-
sion of semen, <fcc.
EMISSION SANGUINE, Bloodletting.
EMMEN'AGOt^UES, Emmenorjo';;n, Enmeni-
ago'ga, Am.e'iiia, from tfiiinvn, ' the menses,' and
ayo), ' I drive,' or 'expel.' Men'nf/ogues. A name
given to medicines believed to have the power of
favouring the discharge of the menses. There
is probably no substance which possesses this
power directly. According to different condi-
tions of the system, the most opposite reme-
dies may act as emmenagogues. Block helle-
bore, savin, madder, polyr/ala senega, and ergot,
are reputed to be specific emmenagogues. The
following list comprises the chief of them: —
Cunila Pulegioides; Hellcborus Niger; Mentha
Pulegium; Rosmarinus; Rubia; Sabina; Secale
Corniitum : Senega, and Tanacetum.
EMMENAGOLOGr'TA, from eiiiiwayiaya, and
Xoyoi. ' discourse.' A treatise of emmenagogues.
EMMENTA, Menses.
EMMENIAGOliA, Emmenagogues.
E.MMBNOLOG"IA, from eiipitjva, 'menses,' and
Xoytf. ' a discourse.' A treatise on menstruation.
EMMENOLOG"ICAL, Emmenolog"icus: same
etymon as the last. Relating or appertaining to
menstruation.
EMMYXIUM ARTTCULARB, Ilydrarthus.
EMOLLIENTIA, Emollients.
EMOL'LIENTS, Emollien'tia, Mallhac'tica,
Rdaxm'tia. Epiceras'tio.a, Malnc'ticn, Lubri-
cait'lin, Malacopae'a, Mollien'tia, from emnllire,
Ce, and mollire, ' to soften.') Substances which
relax and soften parts that are inflamed, or too
tense. They are used both internally and extcr-
nally : as tlie former, however, consist of miicj.
laginous substances, they are generally reckoned
as demulcents : the latter, or proper emollients,
consist of oils, cataplasms, fomentations, Ae.
Oleaginous bodies, rubbed on a i)art, act by di-
minishing its cohesion. Fomentations, in eases
of internal inflammation, act probably ttirongh
contiguous sympathy. The following are tlie
chief emollients: — Adeps ; Amygdalae Oleum;
Avense Farina; Cera; Cetaceum ; Linum: Olivaa
Oleum; Sesamum; Tritici Farina, and IJlnuis.
EMOLLITIES, MoUities— e. Morbosa, Molli-
ties — e. Ossium, Mollities ossium — e. Uteri Mor-
bosa, Hysteromalacia.
EMOLLITIO, Mollities— e. Ventriculi, Gastro-
malacia.
EMONCTOIRE, Emunctory.
EMOPTOE, Haemoptysis.
EMOTIO, Delirium, Luxation, Passion.
EMO'TIONAL, from emotin, (e, 'from,' and
moveo, motnm,' to move.') Relating to emotion
or passion independently of the will: — hence an
'emotional or instinctive impulse.'
EMPASMA, Cataplasma.
EMPATEMENT, from emputer, 'to render
pasty or doughy,' A non-inflammatory engorge-
ment, which retains, more or less, the iuipressiun
of the finger.
EMPATIIE'MA, Ma'nia a pathc'mnli, (F.)
Manic sans ilelire; ungovernable passion ; from
Cjji, ' in,' and iraSoj, ' sufiering.' Fixed delusion.
EMPEIRIA, Experience.
EMPETRUM, Herniaria glabra.
EM'PHLYSIS, from c/i, 'in,' and tp^va.i, 'a,
vesicular tumour or eruption ;' Ich'orotm E.rnii'-
them. An eruption of vesicular pimples, filled
progressively with an acrid and colourless, or
nearly colourless, fluid ; terminating in scurf or
laminated scabs. A genus in the order Exatithe-
molicn, class Haimatiea of Good.
E.MPHLYsis Aphtha, Aphthiie, Stomatitis, aph-
thous— e. Erysipelas, Erysipelas — e. Miliaria,
Miliary fever — c. Pemphigus, Pemphigus — e.
Vaccina inserta, Vaccina — e. Varicella, Varicella.
EMPIIRACTIC, Emphracticus.
EMPHRACTICA, Physconia.
EMPHRACTICUS, Emphrac'tic, from E/i^S/inT-
Tu), {cfi, and <ppaTT(j), 'I shut up,') 'I dose,' 'I
obstruct.' Emptas'ticns, Emplattoni'enos. Any
substance which, when applied to the skin, was
presumed to close the pores.
EMPHRAG'MA, same etymon. Ohtnramen'-
tum, Impedimen'ium. Anything that obstructs.
Hippocrates uses this term to designate the ob-
stacle to delivery on the part of the fostus, when
the presentation is preternatural.
Emphragma Lachymalb, Fistula lacryma-
lis -e. Salivare, Ranula.
EMPIIRAX'IS, OhHtrnc'tio, Obturn'tto, Oppi-
la'tio, Infarc'tns, Infirc'tio, Farcins, Farias, I»-
fnrc'tion. Same etymon. ' Obstruction.' An
Enibarras or repletion of canals or cavities by
any substance, which is either morbid from quan-
tity or quality.
Bmphraxis Hepatis, Hepateraphraxis.
EMPHYMA, Tumour — e. Encystis, Eneystis
— e. Encystis atheroma. Atheroma — e. Encystis
ganglion. Ganglion, Testudo — e. Encystis meli-
ceris, Meliceris — e. Encystis steatoma, Steatoma
— e. Exostosis ossea, Exostosis — e. Exostosis pe-
riostea, Node — e. Sarcoma, Sarcoma — e. Sarcoma
adiposura, Adipose sarcoma — e. Sarcoma cellulo-
sum. Cystic sarcoma — e. Sarcoma mamniarum,
Mammary sarcoma — e. Sarcoma pancreaticum,
Pancreatic sarcoma — e. Sarcoma scirrbosum.
Scirrhous sarcoma — e. Sarcoma tuberculosum,
EMPHYSEMA
331
EMPLASTRUM
Tul)orculatc sarcoma — e. Sarcoma vusculosum,
barcDinii, vascular.
EMIMIYSE'MA, from £/i0u<rau), {iv, and (pvaaw,
'I blow,') ' I inflate.' Injta'tio, Empueumnto'iiis,
S(irci'U-8 flatHo'siiH, Eiiipliyne'iiin celltda're seu
piieitnKilo'sia, I'liynon'cus, Tumor jUiliilen'tiis,
J'neiiniHto' HiH, Injld'tion, ]Viiid-(l>f>pnij, (F.) Em-
phuxeine, Afretliyiiu'e. — Piorry. This terra is com-
iiiouly applied to any white, crepitant, shining,
clastic, indolent tumour of the integuments,
caused by the introduction of air into tiie areolar
te.vture, Aeiodermecto'sia. Injuries of the larynx,
trachea, or lungs ; fractures of the ribs, or wounds
penetrating the chest, are the most frequent
causes of this affection, which is owing to the air
escaping from the air-passage.s, and insinuating
itself into the areolar texture surrounding the
wound. There are some cases of emphysema,
which are owing to internal causes; and hence a
division has been made into the accidental and
guiiiplomdllc, and the sponUuieoim and idiopathic.
Emi'iivskma Abdomims, Tympanites.
Emphvsk'ma of thk Lungs, E. Piifmo'num,
Anlhmii aereiim ab Eiii))hyHc'iHate Pidmo'viim,
Piieitmuto'&ln I'll I III (/nil III, Pneumonec'taiiis, Piieu-
viec'tnula, (F.) Pneiimoectanie, Eniphynciiie du
Pduiiwu. a considerable pressure or contusion
of the chest, or any violent concussion of the
lung, may produce a laceration in that viscus,
without injury being done to the parietes of the
thorax, and may give place to the infiltration of
air into the areolar texture, interlah'idur einplii/-
seiiKi. Laennec has described another species of
emphysema of the lungs, Vesic'idur eiiiplii/scni<i,
Aeropnenmanaaie, Aert>piieiiiiiiiiiect(inie of Piorry,
consisting in excessive dilatation of the air-cells,
some of which become as large as hemp-seed, ul-
timately break, and give rise to irregular vesicles
at the surface of the lung, some of which are as
large as a hazel-nut. Phijaical aii/ns. The tho-
rax externally, generally or locally, appears un-
naturally convex and prominent. The intercos-
tal spaces are widened, but depressed. The
inspiratory efforts are increased. The sound on
percussion is morbidly clear, but not tj'mpanitic.
On auscultation, the inspiratory murmur is feeble
or suppressed. The expiration, which is more
frequently audible, is prolonged, laborious and
wheezing. There are no certain physical signs
which can distinguish interlobular emphi/seina
from the vesicular.
Emphysema under the pleuro-pulmonalis is
termed, by Piorry, Aerethmopneumonie.
Emphysema Pectoims, Pneumothorax — e.
Scroti, Physocele — e. Tympanites, Tympanites —
e. Uteri, Hysterophysis, I'liysometra.
EMIMIVSEM'ATOUS, Emplii/Hemato'suii; same
etymon. Relating or appertaining to emphysema,
EMPHYSEME, Emphysema — e. du^Pouinon,
Eniplivsoma of the lunss.
EMIMIYTUM THEllMUM, Biolychnium.
EMP'IRIC, Einpi'ricuH, from cfAireipia, (cv, and
Tfipij, 'a trial,') 'experience.' One who follows
only experience. A sect of ph3'sicians, who re-
jected all theory, and took for their guide expe-
rience alone. It was opposed to the dogmatic
sect. The Empiric sect prevailed till near the
time of tJalcn. Among its most eminent mem-
bers, after Philinus and Serapion, were Apollo-
nius, Glaucias, Baecbius of Tanagra, and Zeuxis,
both disciples of Herophilus, — Ileraclides of Ta-
rentara, Cleophantus. master of Asclepiades, Me-
nodotus of Nicomedia, and Theudas of Laodicea.
They occupied themselves, chiefly, with discover-
ing the properties of drugs, and did important
service, in this manner, to medicine.
-Vt the present day, the word Empiric is only
taken in a bad sense, being employed in nearly
the same sijjnilication as ckurlatan or quack.
EMPIRICE, Empiricism.
EMPIR'ICISM ; same etymon. Empi'ricn Am,
Empi'riee, (F.) Eiiipirimne. Medicine founded
on experience. It generally, at the present day,
signifies qnnchery.
EMPIRISME, Empiricism.
EMPLAS'TICUS. Same etymon as the next.
Also, a remedy which adh-eres, as a plaster, to the
surface, and in this manner may obstruct the
pores: an emphractio.
EMPLASTRO-EXDERMIC, Endermic.
EMPLAS'TRUM, from the Greek cfin^accb,,
{cv, and irXacativ, 'to form,') 'I spread upon,'
(F.) Eiiipldtre, Slearate. A solid and tenacious
compound, adhesive at the ordinary heat of the
human body. Some of the plasters owe their
consistence to wax and resin ; and others to the
chemical union which takes place between the
semivitreous oxide of lead and oil. Most of
them become too consistent by age. When such
is the case, they may be remclted by a gentle
heat, and oil be added to them.
Emplasthdm AnH^,sivi;M, Emplastrum resinjB
— e. Adhaesivum Woodstockii, see Sparadrapuin
Adhasivum — e. Alexandri, Alexandrine — e. de
Althaea, Unguentum de Althiea.
Emplastuum Ammoni'aci, Ammoni'actim Plan-
ter, (Ammoniac, pnr. ^v, acidi acetici dil. Oss.
Dissolve the ammoniac in the vinegar and strain :
then evaporate the solution by means of a water-
bath, stirring ccmstantly until it acquires a proper
consistence. — Ph. U. S.) It is used as a discu-
tient plaster.
EMpr.ASTRtiM Ammoni'aci cutr IIvdrar'gvro,
Amiiioniacum planter with mercury (Aiiimoniuei
lt)j, hydrary. ^iij, olei oliv. f^j, milphiir. gr. viij.
Rub the mercury with the oil until the globules
disappear, then add the ammoniac, previously
melted, and mix. Ph. U. S.
Empi.astp.itm Akdre^ de Crfce, E. de pice et
resinis glutinans — e. Anglicum, see Sparadrapuia
adhiBsivum.
EmpIjAstrum Aromat'icitm, Ammat'ic Plaster.
[Thuris ,^iij, ceree Jlara ,^ss, pidv. cort. einnam.
^^vj, ol. ess. Piment., ol. ess. Limon. aa ^ij. Melt
the frankincense and wax together, and strain ;
then add, as it cools, the cinnamon, previously
rubbed with the oils, and form a plaster. Ph.
Diibl.) Used as a stimulating plaster.
A spice plaster, made by incorporating pow-
dered cinnamon and anj' other spices with melted
suet, has been used in cholera infantum. It is
spread on leather or linen, and is renewed twice
in the twenty-four hours.
Emplastuum As.safce'tiDvE, E. antihyster'icum,
Assa/ietiila plaster, (Emp. pdiinib., Assnftspt., sing.
lt)j, Galban., Cera flava, tiii Ibss, Alcohol, dilut.
Oiij. Dissolve the assafoetida and galbanum in
the alcohol, in a water-bath, strain while hot, and
evaporate to the consistence of honej' ; add the
lead plaster and wax previously melted together,
stir the mixture well, and evaporate to the proper
consistence. — Ph. U. S.) Used as an antispas-
modic and anodyne plaster.
Emplastrum Attrahe.ns, E. cerse — e. Auricu-
lare, Hypotium.
Emplastrum Bellatj^n'n^, Plaster of Bella-
don'na. (Einpl. resin. ,^iij, Ejct. Belladon. .^iss.
Add the extract to the plaster, previously melted
in a water-bath, and mix.— Ph. U. S.) An ano-
dyne application in neuralgia and rheumatism.
Emplastrum Calefa'ciens, E. Picis cum can-
I thar'ide, (Ph. U. S.) Cale/a'cient plaster, Warm
plaster, (F.) Empldtre echanffant. (Cerat. can-
tharid (Ph. U. S.), ftss, Picis abiet. ftiijss. Melt
together, and form into a plaster. Ph. U. S.)
It is rubefacient and stimulant.
Emplastrum Cantharidis, E. lyttse — e. Can-
EMPLASTRUM
332
EMPLASTRUM
thariilis vesieatorii compositum, E. lyttae conip.
— e. Cephalicum, E. picis comp.
EMPLASTRUM Oerae, E. Kimpfex, E. Al'trahenn,
Wax plaster. (CcrcR Jlavct, SevI Prcep. aa Ibiij,
rexiiKB liar(p. ftij. Melt thciii together and strain.
J'h. L.) It has been considered drawing. It is
stimulating.
Empi.astrum Cicu't^, E. de Cieii'td seu coiii'i'
waenla'l), Unrfiien'tum H'll'ifliim de cicu'ld. Hem-
luck pI'tKfir, (F.) Emplaire de Cujne. [ReniiKB
ahiet. 960 p. Cercp Jiar, 640 p. Piri« aJlxB, 448 p.
Oh cifuta; per decoct, praparat. 128 p. Fol ciciit.
receilf. 2000 p. Melt the resins, wax and oil;
add the oioufa leaves, and boil; strain and add,
after having dissolved it in vinegar of squills and
cicut.a juice, r/iim amiDoniac. 500 p. Ph. Par.)
It is used as a discutient, especially to scirrhous
tumours.
Empi.astthim Citrinum, Unguentum de althaea
— e. Commune, E. Plumbi — e. Commune cum re-
sinS,, E. rcsinnc — e. Conii, E. cicutae.
Emplastrihi Cumi'ni, Cummin plaster. [Cumin,
semin., carui sem., laiiri hnce. sing. ^iij. picis
aridcB Ibiij, cerce flava ^iij. Melt the pitch and
wax together, then add the other ingredients.
Ph. L.) It is used as a warm discutient plaster.
Empi.astrum Diachylon. Diachylon, E. plumbi
— e. Divinuin Nicolai, see Magnet — e. Emolliens,
Unguentutu de althaea — e. Epispasticum, E. lyttpe.
EmplASTHUM Frrri, E. rob'orans, Irnn Plaster,
Strenfith'cuing Plaster. (Ferri subcarh. ,^iij, Emp.
plumbi, ibij, Picis abietis, Ibss. Add the sub-
carbonate of iron to the lead plaster and Bur-
gundy pitch previously melted together, and stir
constantly until they thicken upon cooling. — Ph.
U. S.)
Emplastrum Ferri Rubri, E. oxidi ferri rubrl
— 0. Flavum, Unguentum de althae^ — e. ad Fon-
ticulos, Ceratum (Jaleni.
Emplastrum Gal'bani, Galh'annm plaster,
(Empl. litharg. Ibij, gnm. f/all/nn. Ibss, cerai JIavcF
^iv. Melt the galbanum before adding the plas-
ter and wax, then melt all together. Ph. D.) A
stimulant and discutient.
Emplastrum Gal'bani Compos'itum. E. U-
thnr'gyri compns'itiim, Dlach'i/lon magnum cum
giimmi, Cmnponnd galbanum plaster. ( (?((/6. ^ viij,
Emp. phimhi, Ibiij, tereb. vulg. J^x, abietis resin.
contus. ^iij. Melt the galbanum and turpentine
together, then mix in the resin, and afterwards
the plaster, previously melted. Ph. U. S.) It is
Ftiniulant and discutient.
Emplastrum Glutinosum, see Sparadrapum
. adhifsivum — e. cum Gummatibus. E. guminnsum.
Emplastrum Gummo'sitm, Emplastrum lithar'-
gifri cum gummi seu cum gummat'ibus seu e gum-
mat'ibiis resino'sis seu Ox'i/di Plumbi semivit'rei
giimmo'snm, Gum plaster. Diachylon cum gummi.
Yellow or gum diach'yion. [Emp. plumbi p. viii,
ammoniac, galbani, rera. flarcp,, aa, p. i. PA. E.)
Properties and uses like the last.
Emplastrum e Gummatibus Resinosis, E.
gummosutn.
Emplastrum cum Gummi-Resi'nis, (F.) Em-
platre de gnmme risine. Diachylon gomme, Plas-
ter of gum resins. (Emplnstr. simpl. p. 1600,
cerce farce, p. 96, picis albte, p. 96. terebinth, p.
96. Melt by a gentle heat, and add gum ammo-
niac, p. 32, bdellium, ?i1. galban. 32, and sagape-
iiiim, p. 32. Dissolve in a sufficient quantify of
(dcohol. evaporate to the consistence of honey,
and mix carefully all together. Ph. P.) A dis-
cutient.
Emplastrum HynRAR'cvRi, Emplastr. lithar'-
gi/rt cum hydrar'gyro, Mercu.'.rial plaster, (ffy-
drarg. ,^vj, ol. oliv., resin, aa ^ij, emplast. plumbi,
Ibj. Melt the oil and resin together, and when
cool rub the mercury with them till the globules
disappear ; then gradually add the lead plaster,
previously melted, and mix all. Ph. U. S.) It ig
stimulant, resolvent, and discutient. Applied 88
a discutient to venereal and other tumours.
Emplastrum IlynRAR'avRi Compos'itum, E,
de hydrar'gyro compos' ituni seu de Vigo cum mer-
cu'rio emenda'tum. Compound plaster of mer'rury,
(Empl. simpl. p. 1250, cera Jlavat, p. 64, resinoe,
p. 64. Melt, and before it congeals add 2>ulv. g.
ammoniac, p. 20, bdellium, p. 20, oliban. p. 20,
myrrh, p. 20, saffron, p. 12. Mix carefully,
Take of mercury, p. 380, pure turpentine, p. 64,
liquid and j^ure storar, p. 192. Triturate in an
iron mortar till the globules disappear: melt all
together, and before congealing add essential oil
of Lavender, p. 8. Phar. P.) The same pro-
perties as the last.
Emplastrum IcnTHY0C0LL./f: tel.15 ixnircTUM,
see Sparadrapum adhresivum — e. Irritans, E.
lyttae — e. Lifbargyri, E. Plumbi — e. Litliargyri
compositum, E. galbani compositum — e. Litliar-
gyri cum gummi, E. gummosum — e. Lithiirgyri
cum hydrargyro, E. hydrargyri — e. Litliargyri
cum resina, E. resinae — e. Lithargyricuin cum
resina pini, E. resinae.
Emplastrum LytTj*;, E. canthar'idis seu cnn-
tharidis vesicato'rii seu mel'oes vesieatorii, E.vesi-
catorium,E. epi spas' ti cum seu e cantharid' ihusepit.
pas'tienm solid'ius et tena'cius hcerens seu irri'tavs
seu rubefi'ans. Plaster of the Spanish or blistering
fly, mistering Plaster, Fly Plaster. (Cunthnrides,
in powder, Ibj, Emp. cera-. Ibiss, adipis. prep. Ibj.
Melt the plaster and lard together, and as the
mixture becomes thick, on cooling, sprinkle in
the flies, and mix. Pharm.L.) This is the com-
mon blistering plaster. Too much heat must nut
be used in its preparation. It requires to remain
on six or eight hours before its full effect is in-
duced, and it acts sufficiently well, provided even
a piece of thin gauze or tissue paper be placed
between it and the skin, whilst absorption of the
flies is thus prevented. See Blister. The Blis-
tering Plaster of the Pharmacopoeia of the United
States, Cera'tum Canthar'idis. is made as follows:
. — Cantharid. in pulv. subtiliss., ft)j, cerce flnva,
resina, aa ,^vij, adipis, ^^x. To the wax, resin,
and lard, previously melted, add the Spanish
flies, and stir the mixture constantly until cool.
Emplastrum Lytt^ Compos'itum, E. can-
thar'idis vesicato'rii compos' itum seu niel'ues vesi-
cato'rii compos'itum. Compound plaster of can-
thar'idcs or Spanish flies. [Resin, liq. pini laricia,
p. 18, reainw concret. pini abietis, meloes vesical.
aa p. 12, cera; favcE, p. 4, subacet. cupri, p. ij,
scmin. sinapis alh.. fruct. pip. nigr. aa p. j. Melt
the pitch and wax, then add the turpentine, and
as these cool sprinkle in the other substances, in
the form of powder, so as to make a plaster.
Ph. E.) The same properties as the last, but
more energetic and speedy in its action.
Emplastrum Meloks Vesicatorii, E. lyttae—
e. Meloes vesicatorii comp., E. lyttae comp. — e.
Mucilaginosum, Unguentum de althaea — e. Ni-
grum of Augsburg, see Magnet.
Emplastrum Norimbergen'se, E. ex ox'ido
plumbi rubra campho'rattim, Empldtre de Nnrem-.
berg, Nuremberg plaster. [Oxid. jdumb. riibr. f,
300, ol. oliv. p. 600, aqucc, q. s. Boil until the
oxide is dissolved, and almost to dryness. Re-
move the vessel from the fire and add yelloic tcnx,
p. 600. Put the vessel again on the fire, and
after the wax is melted, add, before it congeals,
camphor, .p. 24: mix. Ph. P.) It is considered
a desiccative, and has been employed in gan-
grene.
Emplastrum Nygmaticum, E. resinae.
Emplastrum Opii, O'pium Plaster. [Opil in
pulv. §ij, Picis abiet. _^iij ; emplastr. plumbi Ibj,
aq. bullienf. f.^iv. Melt together the lead plaster
and Burgundy pitch ; then add the opium pre-
EMPLASTPwUM
333
E M P Y E M A
7iou?ly mixed with the water, and boil over a
gentle lire to the proper consistence. — Ph. U. S.)
It is employed as an anodyne, and to give sup-
port.
Emi'I.astiu'm Ox'idi Ferri Kubri, E. Ferri
rubri sen liob'orfini, Plaster of red oxide of iron,
Ulrenijth'viihiij Planter. ( Eiiipl. oxid. plumb, aenii-
vitr. p. xxiv, resiiicB pin. p. vi, ccrai Jinvm, olei
olecB Knriip. S'in^. p. iij, oxidi ferri rnbr. p. viij.
Hub tilt; ro<l o.xide of iron with the oil, and add
the other ingredients melted. Ph. E.) It is
employed as a strengthening plaster.
Emim.astp.iim ex Oxido plu.mbi semivitreo,
E. pliiinbi — e. Oxidi plutnbi semivitrci, E. plunibi
— E. Oxidi plumhi semivitrci gummosum, E. gum-
mosum — e. Phceniceum, Diapahna — e. ex Oxido
pluinbi rubro compositum, E. Norimbergense
— e. Pic'is, E. Picis Burgundicae, E. Picis com-
positum.
Emi'Lastritm Picis Burgon'dicjE, E. Picis,
IJiirijinidi/ Pitch or Pitch Plaster, (Picis Bur-
(juml. ftvj, ccrat JluvcB, Ibss. — Ph. U. S.)
Emi'i,astrum Picis Compos'ititm, E. picis ce-
]>hnt'icani, Ccphal'ic plaster, Compound pitch
j)laster. [Picis arid. Ibij, abietis resina: Ibj,
resincB /lava, cera fav(B, aa fy^\, myrist. ol. ^j,
ol. oliv.. aqii(B, aa f.^ij. To the pitch, resin, and
wax, melted together, add the otlier matters and
mix. Ph. L.) It is stimulant and rubefacient.
Sometimes used in headach, — applied to the tem-
ples. See Depilatory.
Emplastuum Picis cum Cantharide, E. Ca-
Icfaciens.
Emi'lastriim de Pice et Resi'nis Glu'ti-
NANS, E. A)idrecB de Criice, Empldtre d' Andre de
in Croix, ou collaut de ]>oix et de r^sines, Adhe-
sive plaster of pitch and resins. [Picis albcB, p.
128, resin clemi, p. .32, terebinth, pnr. p. 10. ol.
Innr. p. 16. Melt with a gentle heat, and pass
Uirough linen. Ph. P.) Used in contusions and
fractures as a support.
Emplastrum Plumbi, E. li/thar'f/yri seu com-
fjiii'iie scu diach'ylnm seu ox'idi pluinbi semivi'-
trei seu ex oxido plutnbi semivitreo, Diach'ylon
simplex. White Diach'ylon, Lead or Diach'ylon
piaster. [Plunibi oxid. seniivitr. in pulv. tbv.,
olei oliv., cong., aqucB Oij. Boil together over a
slow fire, stirring constantly until the oil and
oxide of lead cohere. Ph. U.S.)
Emplastuum Polychrestum, E. resinae.
EhPLASTRI'M PotASs'ii Iod'iDI, Planter of Po-
dide of Potass' ium [Potass, iodid. ^j, Thuris. ^vj ;
Cera;, ^v},ol. oliv. f^\}. Ph. L.) This piaster,
spread on leather, is applied to indolent tumours.
Emplastrum Resi'n^e, E. adhcpsi'vum seu ^i'-
thar'gyri cum resi'nd seu resino'siiin seu nyyinat'-
Kiim seu cominu'ne cum resi'nd seu Poly clues' turn
feu litharijyr'icum cum resi'nd pini ; Resin, Ad-
he'sire or Sticlini/ plaster. {Resin, tbss. enip.
plumb, tbiij. Melt the plaster, with a gentle beat,
add the resin, and mix. Ph. U. S.) Employed
in wounds and ulcers.
Bayntou's adhesive plaster is made by melting
one pound of lead plaster and six drachms of
re»iii together.
Emplastrum Resinosum^, E. Resinaa — e. Ro-
borans, E. Ferri (Ph. U. S.), E. oxidi ferri rubri
— e. Kubefians, E. lyttaj.
Emplastrum Sapo'nis, E. snpona'ceum, Soap
plaster. [Saponis concis. -yiv, emplast. plumb.
ftiiij. Mix the soap with the melte(i plaster, and
boil to a proper consistence. Ph. U. S.) It is a
mild discutient. Applied to tumours, corns, kc.
Emplastrum Simplex, E. cerae — e. Spermatis
oeti, Ceratuin cetacei.
Emplastriim Thuris, Frank' incense plaster.
\Emp. lithnryyri, Ibij, thuris, Ibss, oxid. ferri.
rubr. ^iij, Ph. D.), Use : — the same as the plaster
of red oxide of iron.
Emplastrum Vesicatouium, Blister, E. lyttre
— e. de Vigo cum mercuric emendatum, E. hy-
drargyri compositum.
EM P LATHE, Emplastrum— e. d'Andrf de la
Croix, Emplastrum de pice et resinis glutinans —
e. de Cigue, Emplastrum eicutae — e. Cullant de
poix et de resines, Emplastrum de pice et resinis
glutinans — e. de Gomme resine, Emplastrum cum
gummi-resinis — e. de Nuremberg, Emplastrum
Norimbergense.
EMPLATTOMENOS, Emphracticus.
EMPMEUMATOSIS, Emphysema, Inspira-
tion.
EMPOL<^ONNEMENT, Poisoning.
EMPO'RIUM, tjiKoptov, [tfi, 'in,' and vopcvu),
'I transport or send.' The brain was so called,
of old, because there all the mental affairs are
transacted.
Emporium Spirituum, Sensorium.
EiM POSTS, Imbibition.
EMPRETNTE, Impression.
EMPRESIS. Empresma.
EMPRES'MA, Enipres'mus, Empre'sie, fronj
tfirpri^u}, ' future,' eiivprjau), ' I burn internally.'
Inflammation. Phlegma'tia membrane/ see et pti-
rynchyniato'scB, Phloijis'tici, Febres contiiium in-
jlammnto'ria;, Inflamma'tio inter'na, Caii'ma, In-
trr'nal injlammation. A genus in the class
hcpmatica, order phlogotica, of Good.
Empresma Bronchitis, Cynanche traehealis —
e. Bronchlenimitis, Cynanche traehealis — e. Car-
ditis, Carditis — e. Cephalitis, Phrenitis — e. Cys-
titis, Cystitis — e. Enteritis, Enteritis — e. Gastri-
tis, Gastritis — e. Hepatitis, Hepatitis — c. Hyster-
itis. Metritis — e. Nephritis, Nephritis — e. Orchitis,
Hernia huraoralis — e. Otitis, Otitis — e. Paristh-
mitis, Cynanche — e. Paristhmitis tonsillaris ma-
ligna, Cynanche maligna — e. Paristhmitis pha-
ryngea, Cynanche pharyngea — e. Paristhmitis
tonsillaris, Cynanche tonsillaris — e. Parotitis, Cy-
nanche parotidica — e. Peritonitis, Peritonitis — e.
Peritonitis mesenterica, Mesenteritis — e. Periton-
itis omcntalis, Epiploitis — e. Pleuritis, Pleuritis —
e. Pleuritis diaphragmatica, Diapiiraginitis — e.
Pneumonitis, Pneumonia — e. Splenitis, Splenitis.
EMPRESMUS, Empresma.
EM'PRIOX, from ev, and Trpiuiv. 'a saw.' Ser-
rated. Giilen has given this name to the pulse,
when the sensation produced by the artery under
the fingers is analogous to that which would be
causeil bv the unequal teeth of a saw.
EMPliOSTHOCYRTOMA, Lordosis.
EMPROSTHOT'ONOS, Emprosthoton'ia, En-
ta'sia iet'anns anti'ctis. Tetanus anticiis, froni
tfiirpoff^Ev, 'forwards,' and rctvii), 'I stretch, 'I
extend.' A variet}' of tetanus, in which the body
is drawn forwards by the permanent contraction
of the muscles,
EMPSYCHO'SIS, from ipx^vxou}, [in, and
^vx'^' 'life,') 'I animate,' 'I vivify.' A word
formerly used for the act of animating. The union
of the soul with the body.
EMPTOE. Hwmoptvsis.
EMPTOICA PASSiO, Ilfemoptysis.
EMPTYSIS, Hremoptvsis.
EMPTYS.AIA, Sputum.
EMPYE. Empyema.
^yWYY.'^l.\, Enipyc'sis, Em'pye,hoxa Cfi, 'in,'
and vvov, ' pus.' Aposte'ma empye'ma. A collec-
tion of blood or pus, and, conventionall.y, of other
fluid, in some cavity of the body, and particu-
larly in that of the pleura. Empyema is one of
the terminations of inflammation of the pleura,
and is called also, Pyolho'rax rcrus, Pleiirorrhrp'a
purnleu'ta, Diapye'ma. Ecpye'ma, Ecpyc'sis, Em-
pye'sis seu Pyo'sis pec'toris, Hydrotho'rax purn-
len'tus, Di/s^nie'a pi/othorac" ica, Piieumo'nia
EMPYESIS
384
EMULSUM
euppnrafo'n'a, Abacen'aiis pec'toris sea Thora'cis,
Plcnraposle'ma, Fleuropije'sis, (F.) Empyeme,
Pijiiphurite.
The nperatton for empi/ema properly means the
making of an opening into the thorax for the
purpose of giving issue to the matter collected in
the cavity of the pleura, although it has been
u.«ed for the <i])eration required for the evacuation
of any fluid from the chest, or synonymously
with /'iirenceittenis thoracis.
EMPYE'SIS; same etymon. Snppuration.
An eruption of phlegmonous pimples, gradually
filling with a purulent fluid, and terminating in
thicit scabs, frequently leaving pits or scabs.
Pus'tiiloitu Exan'them. A genus in the order E.c-
niitliematica, class Hamutica of (Jood. See Em-
pyema.
Emi'yesis Ochli, Hypopyon — e. Pectoris, Em-
pyema— e. Variola, Variola.
EMPYMELIUM POLYSARCIA, Polysarcia
adiposa.
EMPYOCE'LE, from e/x, 'in,' :tvov, 'pus,' and
KrjXi], 'tumour,' 'hernia.' A tumour, formed by
an accumulation of pus in the scrotum. Diffe-
rent diseases have been described under this
name, such as suppuration of the testicle, empy-
ema of the tunica vaginalis, accumulation of pus
in the cavity of a hernial sac, abscesses of dif-
ferent kinds formed in the cellular texture of the
scrotum, &c.
EMPYOM'PIIALUS, fromt/i, 'in,' jruov, 'pus,'
and ojiipaXoi, 'the navel.' This word has been
used to designate a suppurating tumour at the
umbilicus ; or, at times, umbilical hernia, the sac
of which is filled with blood.
EMPYOS, Purulent.
EMPYHEU'MA, from ciinvpcvu), {cfi, and imp,
'fire,') ' I kindle.' The burnt smell and acrid
taste, which volatile products — gaseous and liquid
— contract, when animal or vegetable substances
are decomposed by a strong heat. The cause
of this smell is seated in an oil, called empyrexi-
mat'ic, which does not exist in the substance sub-
jected to the operation, but is the result of its
decomposition. If the empyreuma occurs when
the organic substance is placed in a still with a
liquiil, it is owing to the solid matter touching
the bottom of the vessel to which the fire is ap-
plied.
EMPYREUMAT'IC, Empyretcmat'icus; same
etymon. Belonging to empyreuma, — as an em-
pyreiimiHi'c odour.
EM'PYROS, Febn'c"itans. Same etymon.
One who has fever. — Hippocrates.
EMS, MINERAL WATERS OF. Celebrated
springs on the river Lahn, duchy of Nassau.
They are thermal (from 83 to 115° Fahrenheit,)
and carbonated salines, containing carbonic acid,
bicarbonate of soda, and chloride of sodium ; and
are much used in gastric and intestinal affec-
tions, (fee.
EMUL'GENT, Ei)vil'>jenx, from emuJcjere, (e,
and miiUjere, mulsiim,) ' to milk out,' ' to draw
out.' A name given to the renal artery and vein,
because the ancients imagined they milked, as it
were, the urine through the kidneys. See Renal.
EMUL'SIFY, (F.) Ennthionuer, from einulsio,
and /;''(, 'to become.' To make or form an emul-
sion.
EMULSIN, see Amygdalin.
EMUL'SIO, Emul'sinti, Emul'sion ; same ety-
mon. A pharmaceutical preparation, of a milky-
white or>nque appearance, which is composed of
oil, divided and held in suspension in water by
means of mucilage. Emulsions have been di-
vided into the true and oily, and into the false
or )iot oily ; the latter being composed of resinous
substances, balsams, or camphor, rubbed up with
dilute alcohol, mucilage, or yolk of egg.
EmuLSIO kCk'ciM, E. Arah'ica, (him Ar'nhic
Eiiinl'aion. {Nuvleor. amyyd. cnmm. ^:5,i, '"/"tf!
Ibijss., mnciliKj. acac. §ij, aacch. ^'w. While
beating the decorticated almonds with the siignr
and water, add the mucilage. — Ph. E.) Useij in
the same cases as the next. Under the nnmo
Jfistu'ra Aca'cicB, Gum Ar'nhic Mi.rlure, Iho
Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia has the follciwing.
Mucilaq. AcacicB f^iij ; Amyr/dal. diilc. ^^j, ami
^ij ; Sacchar. ^v ; Aquce Oij, (Imper. mens.)
Blanch the almonds; peel them; beat toa siiuxjih
pulp first with the sugar, and then with the mu-
cilage ; add the water gradually, stirring con-
stantly, and strain through linen or calico.
Emulsio Amvc'dal^C, E. Simple.r, Luc nmyg'.
dnlcB, Ann/f/dala'tum, Mislit'ra amyrjdolcB, Emul-
sio sive Lac Aniyijdala'ntm or Almaiid EiiinlKinn ;
Mixture or Milh, (F.) Lait d'aiiiuudea. (Aviyr/-
dal. dule. ^S!^; Acacia, in pulv. ^^ss ; Sncclmr.
gij ; A(jU(s destillut. f^^viij. Macerate the al-
monds in water, and having removed their ex-
ternal coat, beat them with the gum Arabic ami
sugar, in a marble mortar, till they are thoroughly
mixed ; then rub the mixture with the distilled
water gradually added, and strain. — Ph. U. S.)
It is used as a diluent and demulcent.
Emulsio Antihysterica, Mistura asafoelidas
— e. Arabica, Emulsio acacige Arabicae.
E.MliLSlO Cam'j'HOHAC J?. Caniphnra'ta, Jlfiitii'm
CamphoreB ; Camphor Eniulaion. {C<imphor(B^j,
nmyyd, com. decortic, aacch. dur., aa Jiv, uijkcb
^vj. — Ph. E.) A convenient form forgiving
camphor.
Emulsio Guaiacina, Mistura guaiaci — e. Le-
niens, Looch ex ovo.
Emulsio O'lei Amyghala'rum; Emnhion <f
Oil of Alnionda, (01. amyt/d. ^j, gum acac. pulv.
^ij, syrup. 3J, aijucB deatill. ^iv. Mix. A good
pectoral or cough mixture.
Emulsio O'lki Ric"ini; Caetor Oil Emulslnn
{01. ricini ^ss, vitclli ov{ q. s., aquce dealillat. Jj.)
An aperient draught.
Emulsio O'lki Terebin'thin^ ; Emuhion nf
Oil of Tur'pcntine, [01. tereb. reel. _^ij, snccli.
nil). ,^ss, vitell. oi"« j, emuh. atnyt/d. vcl arpite d(t-
atillnf. ^vj. Mix. In rheumatic and nephritic
affections. Dose f^iss.
Emulsio Oleosa, Looch ex ovo.
Emulsio Purgans cum Jala'p.1! Resi'na,
Purging Emulaion icith licain of Jalap. (Ju-
lapce reaiu. gr. xij. sacch. alb. ^5'j- Triturate for
some time, and add gradually half the yolk of
an egg; continue to triturate, adding by degrees
emuh. aimpl. "^v, aq. flor. auraiit. ^\j. — Ph. /'.)
Emulsio Purgans cum Scammo'.nio; Pnrf/ing
Emulsion xcith Scammouy. It is prepared lilie
the preceding, substituting only Scammuny fur
the jalap.
Emulsio Simplex, E. Amygdala;.
" EMULSION, Emulsio — e. Almond, Emulsio
amygdalae — e. Camphor, Emulsio Cainphorae— e.
Castor oil, Emulsio olei ricini — e. Gum Arabic,
Emulsio acaciae ArabicfE — e. Huileuac, Looch ex
ovo — e. of Oil of Almonds, Emulsio olei atnygda-
larum — e. of Oil of Turpentine, Emulsio olei tcre-
binthinae — e. Purging, with resin of jalap, Emul-
sio purgans cum jalapae resina — e. Purging, with
seammony, Emulsio purgans cum scammonio.
EMULSrONNER, Emulsify.
EMUL'SIVE, Emulai'rua ; same etymon. An
epithet given to seeds whence oil may be ex-
tracted by expression; such as almonds, apricuti!,
peaches, hemp, rape, melons, gourds; thuse of
the nut kind, and cucurbitaceous and cruciferous
plants in general.
EMULSUM, Emulsion.
EMUNCTORIUM
335
ENCE r II A L 0 HE HIE
Cerebri,
EMUNCTORIUM, Emunctory
Isasus.
EMUXC'TOKY, Emuncto'rinm,hnm emwigere,
(r, iin<i mini(fere, muiictum,) 'to drain off,' 'to
cleanse.' Eminnn'riiini, (F.) Einonctolre, Emis-
Kiiire. Any orj^an whose office it is to give issue
to matters which ought to be excreted. Tlie an-
ciotits lielieved that some organs were more par-
ticularly destined to serve as emunctorics of
others; the nasal fossae, for example, they believed
to lie the emunctories of the brain.
KMUNDANTIA. Detergents.
KMYS PALUS'TRIS. S'llt Water T^r'mpin.
This species c)f turtle is found exclusively in salt
or hrackish waters, near the sea shore, along the
whole Atlantic coast. It is much prized by the
epicure, and is nutritious and tolerably easy of
digestion when dressed plain.
EN, see Em.
ENADELrilTA, Emboitement.
EN/l'iMA, Ilsiemostatica.
KN.EMO?^, Styptic.
EN'.'KOKE'MA, from ev, 'in,' and aiiapcoi, 'I
lift up,' 'that which hangs or floats in.' (F.)
Enioieme. The Neph'ele, Nnhes, SuhUmameii'-
lum, Siilili'mri'tio, Siibli'me, Suspen'mim. S. Uri'-
jKK, Siiupcii'ia, Niihec'ufa or cloud, which is sus-
pended in the urine as it cools.
ENAMEL, E. nf the teeth, (en, and (F.) emai/,)
Den'liuin Nitor, Cortex, C. strici'tn, Siilistan'tia
filnmriito'aa of Malpighi, S. Adnmnu'tiiKi scu
rtt'rea, CritHia Den'thiin adainnii'tiiifi, Adumnn-
tiiie or vltreovH snbstunce. (F.) Sithntunce vitr^e
ou emdillee, EtiKv'l den Dents. The substance
which covers the coronye of the teeth. The ena-
mel is of a milky wiiite colour, and sufficiently
hard to strike fire with steel. Its surface is very
.«uiooth and polished, and it forms a thicker
layer towards the part where the teeth come in
contact, and becomes thinner towards the cervix.
The libres of the/enamel are perpendicular to the
surface of the teeth, on the ivory of which they
seem, as it were, planted. This gives them a
velvety appearance, when examined by the mi-
croscope. The enamel has no blood vessels, and
is not renewed when removed. It is formed of
phosphate of lime, and a very small portion of
animal matter. A delicate membrane covers the
enamel — cuticle of the enamel, Nanttn/th's mrni-
hrane ; but so closely united with it, that it can
be demonstrated only by the use of chlorohydric
ncid.
ExAHRL, Cuticle of the, see Enamel.
ENANTIIE'MA, same etymon as the next.
A name recently given to certain eruptions of the
mucous membrane, as exanthema is to certain
eruptions of the skin.
ENANTHE'SIS, from ev, 'in,' and av$e<jd, 'I
flourish.' Rash exan'them. Eruption of red, level
or nearly level, patches, variously figured, irre-
gularly dift'used, often confluent, and terminating
in euticular exfoliations. A genus in the order
Exntilhemiitloa, class HcBniaticti, of Cullen, inclu-
ding scarlet fever, measles, Ac.
Rnanthksis Rosalia, Scarlatina — e. Urticaria,
ITr(ic:iria.
ENAXTIOPATIIIC, Palliative.
ENARTIIRO'SIS. Inartlcla'tio, Hall and
Swkel-jiilnt, from ev, 'in^^v^nd a^i^^iaaii, 'an arti-
culation.' A kind of diarthrodial articulation, in
which the head of a bone is received into the
cavity of another, and can be moved in all direc-
tions. The joint of the os femoris with the os-
innoininatum is one of this character.
ENAR'TIIRU.M, from tv, 'in,' and apBpov, 'a
joint.' A foreign body in a joint.
ENAUSMA.Fomites.
ENCAN'TIIIS, from iv, 'in,' and /caifloj, 'the
angle of. the eye.' A tumour, funned by an in"
crease in size, or a degeneration, of the curuncula
lacrymalis. Any morbid growth in the inner
angle of the eye.
Encanthis Benig'bta. Simple excrescence of
the caruncula. It commonly yields to astringent
coUyria.
E.NCANTHi.s FuNGo'SA. A Condition of the se-
milunar fold and lachrymal caruncle, in which
they are the seat of morbid growths.
Encanthis Inflammato'ria. Inflammation
with enlargement — swelling — of the semilunar
fold and lachrymal caruncle.
Encanthis Walig'na has often a cancerous
character, and requires extirpation before it has
attained any considerable size.
ENCARDITIS, Endocarditis.
ENCARPOS, Pregnant.
ENCASING. Ewhoitrment.
ENCATALEPSIS, Catalepsy.
ENCATIIIS'MA, Semieu'pinm. With the an-
cients fjiicdthin' ma, cyxaSiaija, {iv, and KaBt^w, 'I
seat upon,') meant a vapour-bath taken sitting.
ENCAU'MA, from cv, 'in,' and xavu), 'I burn.'
Epiran'miH, Epiean'aia, Encau'sia. A tumour
produced by a burn. A burn. Also, an ulcer
of the transparent cornea, occasioning loss of the
humours. — Aetius. Gorra;us.
ENCAUSIS, Burn, Encauma, Moxibustion.
ENCAUSSE, MINERAL WATERS OF. En-
causse is a village in the department of the
Ilaute-Garonne, which possesses several saline,
acidulous springs.
ENCAVriiK, Argema.
ENCEINTE, Pregnant.
ENt^ENS. Juniperus lycia.
ENCENSlElt. Rosmarinus.
ENCEPHALALGIA, Cephalalgia— e. Hydro-
pica, Hydrocephalus internus.
ENCEPIIAL'IC, Encephal'icna, from fv, 'in,'
and K€<f,a\ii, 'the head.' That which is situate in
the head. A name given to several parts which
relate to the encephalon, as the encephalic mem-
brane, vniscles, &e.
ENCEPIIALI'TIS, from Encephalon, and itia,
denoting inflammation. This term has been used,
by some nosologists, synonj'mously with Cvpha-
li'tia and Phreni'tis. By others, it has been ap-
propriated to inflammation of the brain, in con-
tradistinction to that of the membranes.
Encephalitis Exsudatoria, Ilj'drocephalus
internus — e. Infantum, Hydrocephalus internus
— e. Insolationis, Conp-de-aoleil — e. Membranosa,
Meningitis — e. Peripherica, Meningitis — e. Pota-
torum, Delirium tremens.
ENCEPHALIUM, Cerebellum.
ENCEPHALOCE'LE, from encephalon, and
KrjXr;, 'a tumour.' Hernia seu Fuia/na Cerebri,
Cranioce'le, Hernia of the Brain. This may be
a congenital or accidental afl"ection. In the for-
mer case, it is dependent upon tardy ossification
of the fontanelles or some faulty conformation.
In the latter, it is owing to some considerable
loss of substance in the parietes of the cranium,
produce<l by fractures, wounds with a cutting
instrument, caries, the application of the tre-
phine, Ac. In slight congenital encephalocele,
gentle pressure may be exerted upon the i)rotruded
portion. AVhen the disease i.s* of considerable
extent, it is fatal. In accidental encephalocele,
similar means must be used for confining the
tumour, and preserving it from the action of
external bodies.
ENCEPHALOCIIYSIS, Hydrocephalus inter-
nus — e. Senilis. Apoplexy, serous.
ENCEPHALODYNIA, Cephalalgia.
ENCEPHALOH^MIA, Cephala-mia.
ENOEPHALOUEMIE, Cephala;mia.
ENCEPIIALOID
336
ENCYSTIS
EXCEPH'ALOID. Encephaloi'dei, Ceph'aloiil, I
Cepiuil<fi'des, Cephdlo'mn, from encepha/un, and
uSos, 'resemblance.' Lacnnec has given the term
E»ceph'<(h>ld or Cer'ebri/urm inntter to one of
the morbid substances commonly fnrraed by scir-
rhous or cancerous tumours. It is cither encysted,
in irregular masses without cj'sts, or infiltrated
into the texture of the diseased organ. This
name was given to it in consequence of its re-
semblance, when fully developed, to the medul-
lary substance of the brain. It is also called
FiDigiin iiiednlld'ria seu Caitcro'iM mednlltt'rin
seu Cerebrn'lix, Surco'mn medulla're, Spoixjoid
inflnmniiition, Cancer cerebn'for'vie seu mollis seu
medidhi'vh, Curciito'ma medidla're seu spoii</i<)'-
siim, Ccirci'niis spntigin'nus, Striimn fiinf/o'ea, 3fi/e-
lo'mn, Mi/elom'i/ces, ilfyelonpon'giis, Tela acciden-
ta'lis niednUa'rh, (F.) 3!atih-e cerebn'forme, Car-
cinome tiinii et sponi/eux, Tumenr encephido'ide ou
sponr/ieKne ou ossivore ou piilpcnse ou foiigdidc
OU fouijneuse ou Kpleiii/driiie, Fongus medullaire,
Carciuome snitghtiif, Crtncer 7nou ou eiicepha/o'idc
ou mididldire ; 3filt-like tumour, ]l fed' ii liar;/ sar-
coma, Cel'liilar cancer, Fungoid or Uamatocer' -
ebri/nrm dinease. See Cancer.
Encephaloid Tumour op the Lung, Phthisis,
cancerous.
ENCEPnALOLOG"IA, from encephalon, and
"yoyoi, 'a description.' A description of the en-
cephalon.
ENCRFIlALOMALAriA, Mollities cerebri.
ENCEPIIALOMALAXIS, Mollities cerebri.
EXCEPHALO-MENINGITIS, Meningo-ce-
phalitis.
ENCEPII'ALON, Enceph'ahm, EncepWalun,
Enkeph'alon ; from tv, 'in,' and iceifiaKri, 'the
bead.' That which is situate in the head. This
name has generally been given to the brain, cere-
bellum, and niexiircphalon. At times, it includes
likewise the mr.dulla spinalis, when it is also called
the Cer'ebro-spinal, and Neural axis. Under
the term Craniospinal axis or centre of automa-
tic actions, Dr. Carpenter includes the sensory
ganglia — the respiratory and stomato-gastric
ganglia forming the centre of the medulla ob-
longata and the spinal ganglia or true spinal
cord.
ENCEPHALOPATHI'A, (F.) Encephalopa-
tliie, from encephalon, and -naQoi, 'disease.' A
disease of the encephalon.
ENCF.i'HALOPATHrA Literato'rum. The con-
dition of brain, supposed to be produced by over-
tasking it.
Enckpiiat.opathia Puerpkrai.is, Mania, puer-
peral— e. Saturnina, see Encepkalopathie satur-
nine.
ENCEPHAL OP A TFHE, Encephalopathia —
e. Crapvlciise. Delirium tremens.
ENCEPHALOPATIUE SATURNINE. En-
eephalo path I'd Saturni'na. Encephalic disorder
occasioned by the poison of lead.
ENCEPHALOPHY'MATA, Phymato'ses seu
Strnmo'ses seu Tuber'cula cer'ebri ; from ence-
phalon, and ^vfia, (f'VfiaTo;, 'a tumour.' Tuber-
cles of the brain.
ENCEPHALOPHTIIISIS, see Encephalopyo-
sis.
ENCEPHALOPYO'STS, from encephalon, and
1TV0V, 'pus.' Apostp.'ma seu Absces'aus seu Helco'-
sis cer'ebi-i. Suppuration of the brain. AVhen
accompanied with emaciation and hectic, it is
called Encfphalopth i'sis.
ENCEPIIALORACIIIDTAlSr, Cephalo-spinal.
ENCEPHALORPHACUA. see Apoplexy,
EXCKPlIALOSCOPrA, Craniologv.
ENCEPIIALOSEPSrS, Mollities cerebri.
EXCEPIIALOSIS OF THE LIVER, Hepato-
ecirrbus.
ENCEPIIALOSISMUS, Concussion of the
brain.
ENCEPHALOSTRUMOSIS, see Hydrocepha-
lus internus.
ENCEPHALUM, Encephalon.
ENCEPIIALUS OPISTllIUS, Cerebellum.
ENCEROSIS, Inceration.
ENCIIARAXIS, Scarification.
ENCIIA rONNEMENT, Chatonncmmt.
ENCIIEIRE'SIS, Envhire'sis, Enchei'ria. from
tv, and xtip, 'the hand.' Galen uses tliis ttiin ii.«
a part of the title to one of his works, whicli trvM*
of dissection. It means the manual ircatuieiil of
any subject.
ENCilKIRIA, Enchciresis.
ENCniFRENEMENT, Coryza.
ENCIIIRESIS, Enchciresis.
EXCHOXDROMA, Chondroma.
EXCHORIONOSUS, Endemic.
ENCIiORIOS, Endemic.
EXCHRISTOX, Liniment.
EXCIIYLOSIS, Extraction.
EXCHYMA, Infusum, Plethora.
ENCHYMO'MA, Enchijmo'sis, from tv, and
;^w(i), 'I pour.' By the ancients, this word wiis
used to designate the sudden efi'usion of hloud
into the cutaneous vessels, which arises from j(iy,
anger, or shame; in the last instance constituting
blushing. It differs from ecchymosis in there
being, in the latter, extravasation of blood into
the areolar texture, and its being produced by
an external cause; a contusion, lor example. —
Hippocrates.
EXCHYSIS, Infusion.
ENCLA VE, Wedged.
ENCLA VEMENT, see Wedged.
ENCLUME, Incus.
EXCLYDAS'TICOS, intus flue' t nans, from ty-
K'XvSa^ojAai, {tv, and (f^u^u), 'I wash.') 'to float in.'
Apjjlied to liquids, e. g., to serum, pus, ifec, con-
tained in any cavity.
EXCLYSMA, Clyster, Enema.
EXCCE'LIA, from tv, 'in,' and Koi\ia, 'tho
belly.' The abdominal viscera. The entrails,
EXCCELIALGIA, Tormina— e. Inflammatoria,
Encoelitis.
EXC(ELI'TIS, Encwlii'tis, Encwlia!y"in in-
flanrmato'ria, Jn/lamma'ti')- alidomiua'lis ; from
tyKoiXia, 'the abdominal contents,' and ills, in-
flammation. Inflammation of any of the abdo-
minal viscera.
EXCOLPIS'MUS, from tv, 'in.' and KoU«i,
'the vagina.' Injection or introduction of any
thing into the vagina.
EXCOLPI'TIS, Oolpophlegndn/menl'tis; from
tv, 'in,' KoXtTOi, 'the vagina,' and ills, denoting'
inflammation. Inflammation of the lining mem-
brane of the vagina.
EXCOPE, Diacope, Incision.
ENCRANIOX, Cerebellum.
EX C RAX IS, Cerebellum.
ENCRE, Atramentum.
EXCYESIS, Fecundation, Pregnancy.
EXCYMOX, Pregnancy.
EXCYMOSIA, Fecundation, Pregnancy.
EXCYSIS, Pregnancy.
EXCYST'ED, Cystide obduc'tus, Srfcca'tut,
S'tccula'tns, Sae'cated, Sac'culated, Pouched.
Enclosed in a kj'st or cyst, or pouch ; from tv,
'in,' and Kvarif, 'bladder.' (F.) Enl.i/ste. An
epithet given to certain tumours, or solid or flui'l
collections enclosed in a particular envelope or
cyst. They are movable and often elastic to the
touch.
EXCYS'TIS, Tumor tnnica'tns seu cyo'lic"',
Emphy'ma encys'tls. Same etymon. Ln'pi",
Glan'dula Avicen'nm, Nudus. An encysted tu-
mour.
ENDADELPIIIA
337
ENDOSMOTIC
EXDADETiPrilA, see EmhAtement.
EXDAN'OTUM; properly Endnnyi'on or En-
dangi'iun, .)tembr(t'na vitso'rnm coinmu'nis, (F.)
Tuniijiic commune de liichat; from eviov, 'within,'
and ayyetov, 'a vessel.' The serous or lining
meinbriine of vessels.
ENDKIOTrCOS. Indicant.
ENDEIXIOL"OGY, Endeixiolog"ia, from tv-
hiin, (cv, .ind fiuKvvui, ' I show,') 'indication,' and
Xoyof, 'a discourse' The doctrine of indications.
ENDKIXrS, Indication.
ENDKMIA, Endemic.
ENDKM'IC, Endem'ical, Ende'min, Reginnn'-
lin morbus, Eudein'icHH ; from cv, 'in,' and Sniioi,
'the people;' Eucho'rios, Enchon'on'osun, Ver-
rific'uluH seu Endemiua mor'bitu, Eudeiny, (P.)
Endeinie, Malndie retjionnle. A disease said to
be endemic, (F.) Endemique, or to arise from
endemic" itij , (F.) endemicitS, when it is owing
to some peculiarity in a situation or locality.
Thus, ague is endemic in marshy countries ;
goitre at the base of lofty mountains, Ac. Some
authors use the term in the same sense as epide-
mic. We have no accurate knowledge of the
emanations or other circumstances which give
occasion to endemic affections. We seem to know
that some emanation from marshy lands does
produce interniittents: but we are ignorant of
the nature of such emanation.
ENDEMICITE, see Endemic.
ENDEMICITY, see Endemic.
ENDEMIOL'OGY, Eudemiolof'ia, from 'en-
demic,' and Aoyof, 'a discourse.' The doctrine of
endemic diseases.
ENDlhnqUE, Endemic.
ENDEMY, Endemic.
ENDRPrOERMIS, Epithelium.
ENDER'MIC, Ender' miens, Endermnt' icnn,
Emplds'lro-endermic, (F.) Enderi>iii/ue, from cv,
and ^t/jiin, ' the skin.' An epithet given to the
method of treating diseases by placing the thera-
peutical agent in contact with the skin, especially
after the cuticle has been removed ; Etiderm'ixm,
Endermiii' muH, Eudermo'sii, Jfeth'odua endcr'mica
SOU endermitl' iea, Diadermntri'it. Morphia,
strychnia, Jfcc, are often administered in this
way.
ENDERMIS, see Endermic.
ENDERMISMUS, see Endermic.
ENDERMOSIS, see Endermic.
EN'DESIS, from tv, 'in,' and icu>, 'I bind.'
A ligature, bandage, connexion. Hippocrates
has so termed the ankle-joint.
ENDIVE. Cichorium endivia — e. Wild, Cicho-
riura intvbus.
ENDIVIA, Cichorium endivia.
ENDIXIS, Indication.
ENDO, from cvfiov, 'within.' A common prefix,
as in the following terms :
ENDO-AORTI'TIS, from cv^ov. 'within,' and
anrtitifi, 'inflammation of the aorta.' Inflamma-
tion of the lining membrane of the aorta.
ENDO-ARTERITIS, see Arteritis.
END015LAST, see Periblast.
E.ynOCA RDK, Endocardium.
ENDOCAR'DIAC, Endocar'dial, Endorardi'-
(iciit: same etymon as the next. Relating to the
endocardium, or to the interior of the heart; as
' endocardiac sound or raurniiir,' — a sound pro-
duced within the cavities of the heart, in contra-
distinction to crocardiac or exocardial sounds or
murmurs, which are induced by conditions of the
external surface of the organ.
ENDOCARDI'TIS, Encnrdith, Cordi'tia jii-
Ifr nn, Inflnmmn'tio auperfic" iei iuter'ncp cordia,
fnter'nal Cnrdilia, Titfianima'tion of the internal
membrane of the heart, (F.) Eudocardite, from en-
docard'iiim, the lining membrane of the heart,
22
and ttia, inflammation. In this discnse, the
heart's action is visibly increased, and very mani-
fest to the touch ; the hand is strongly repelled,
and, at moments, is sensible of a trembling vi-
bratory motion. Percussion gives a dull sound
over a surface of several inches, owing, accord-
ing to Bouillaud, to the inflammatory turgescence
of the heart, and the engorged state of its cavi-
ties. On auscultation, a bruit de soufflct is gene-
rally beard, masking one or both sounds of the
heart; and the ear is sensible of a metallic ring-
ing with each systole of the ventricle. The pul-
sations are rapid as well as strong, and, with fe.v
exceptions, irregular, unequal and intermittent.
The pulse, by the way, does not always indicate
the force or number of the heart's contractions.
ENDOCAll'DIUM, from tv6ov, 'within,' and
Ka^j^ia, ' the heart.' (F.) Endocnrde. The mem-
brane that lines the interior of the heart.
ENDOCHORIOX, see Chorion.
ENDOCOLITIS, Dysentery.
ENDOCYMIEN, from tvhov, ' within,' and ;ci.^.,,
'the product of conception.' A double monsrt-r
by inclusion — Isidore G. St. Hilaire. See Em-
boitement.
ENDODONTI'TIS, (F.) Inflammation de hi
Puipe dentnire. Inflammation of the^Deiital mem-
brane, from evfiov, ' within,' o^ovi, oiovroi, 'a tooth.'
and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammatiua
of the lining membrane of a tooth.
ENDO-ENTERITIS, see Enteritis.
ENDOGASTRI'TtS, Eso,/aatri'tis ,- from svSov,
'within,' and gaatritia, 'inflammation of the sto-
mach.' Inflammation of the lining membrane
of the stomach.
ENDOGEN, see Endogenous.
ENDO(}"ENOUS; from iv(]ov, 'within,' and
ycvvaio, ' I engender.' A term first applied to
plants — hence called End'ocfena — in which the
new woody matter is deposited within the old,
and towards the centre. In the animal, cells are
often formed endogenoualy, or within the cells, as
in the case of the sperm vesicles.
An endog"enoua aneurism is one that originates
spontaneously from lesions of the inner coat of
the arteries.
ENDO LYMPH, Vitrine auditive.
ENDOMETRI'TIS, from tvSov, 'within.' and
metritis, 'inflammation of the uterus.' Inflam-
mation of the lining membrane of the uterus.
When accompanied with a diphtheritic exudation,
it is sometimes called Endometri'tis croupo'sa.
ENDOXARTERITIS. see Arteritis.
ENDOPIILEBITIS. Phlebitis.
ENDOPLAST, see Periplast.
ENDORMIE, Datura stramonium.
ENDOSIS, Remission.
ENDO-SKELETON, see Skeleton.
ENDOSMOSE, Endosmo'sia, Double Im-
bibit"ion, from tv&ov, 'within,' and oxr^oj, 'Im-
pulse.' A term first used by Dutrocliet, to ex-
press the action by which fluids pass from with-
out to within organic membranes. The action
of two fluids on each other, when sepnrated by a
membrane. The general conditions of the phe-
nomena are- — frst, that they should have an
affinity for the interposed membrane: and sn
condly, that they should have an aflinity for each
other, and be miscible.
At the present day, endnsmoae is genernlly used
to signify' the passage of the more transmissible
fluid, whilst exosmose signifies that of the least
transmissible. The rnpidity with which endos-
mose is accomplished varies according to the
nature of the septum or tissue and of the penc-
tratinc: body, and to the penetrability of the tissue.
ENDOSMIC, Endosmotic.
ENDOSMOT'IC, Endoamot'iciis, Endoa'mic,
ENDOSTElTIS
338
EKGOUEMEKT
Eiidoa' miens; same etymon. Belonging to en-
dosinose : — as an ' endoamutic current.'
ENDOSTEI'TIS, from tviov, 'within,' oareov,
'aliDne.' and itin, denoting inflanmiation. In-
flatiiiiiation of the internal periosteum.
ENDOSTEUM, Medullary membrane.
ENDOt'TERITIS, see Metritis.
^ENDUIT (F.), from indiiere, 'to put upon,'
•to put on.' A cont ; a fur. This term is often
applied to a layer of greater or loss thickne.^s
which cover.-! the surface of ccrtnin organs, and
particularly of the tongue and the interior of the
mouth. The euduit is designated variously, ac-
cording to its appearance, — endiirt bi'Heux, jainie,
hhinc. &c. — a bilious, j/elloic, u-hite coat or fur,
<fec. It is at times owing to the evaporation of
the watery portions of the secretions; at others,
to a morbid condition of the secretions: — gene-
rally, to both causes combined. The tongue, in
such a condition, is said to be coated or furred ;
sometimes, loadtd.
ENDUIT CHOnOfDTEN, see Choroid.
ENDURCISSEMENT, Induration — e. dn
Cerveau, Sclerencephalia — e. Rouge, see Hepati-
zation— e. dn Cwiir, Curdiosc/erosie — e. du Tiasu
celldl'iire. Induration of the cellulnr ti.'<sue.
EXDYMA VENTRICULORUM, Ependyma
ventriculornm.
ENECHEMA, Tinnitus auriura.
ENECIA, Synocha — e. Cauma, Synocha — e.
Synochus Puerperarum, see Peritonitis — e. Syno-
cluis, Synochus.
PIN'EMA, cvtfia, from cvtrifxi, (tv, and irjjii, 'to
inject.' Clyamn, Clyf:muH, Enchja'mn, Lcivnmeu' -
turn, Lo'tio. An Lijertion, Chjster, (F.) Chjstlre,
L'XKCiiient. A well-known f<irra of conveying
medicine into the intestinal canal. See Clyster.
Enema Aloes, C/i/nter of (does. (Aloes, J^ij;
Potass, carbon, gr. XV ; Uecoet. Hordei, Oss, (Imp.
meas.,) M. Ph. L.) Used in cases of ascarides
and amenorrhoea.
Enrha Anod'yvuh, Enemn O'pii ; An'odyne
or Starch and Opium Clyster. [Decoct, amyli
f,^iv; tinct. opii TT\^. xxx. M. Ph. L.) Exhibited
in cases of severe diarrhoea or dysentery.
En'EMA Catiiart'ici'M ; Cathartic or Purging
Clyster. ( Olei. oliv. f ^j ; s}(lph. magties. ^j ;
niiicilng. acacicB f^\v\ ; M. Ph.D.)
Enema Colocynth'idis, Clyster of Col'ocynth.
(E.rt. Colocynth 3*8 ; Sapon. mollis ^j ; aqucB, Oj.
(Imp. meas.,) M. Ph. L.) An eflScient cathartic
clystfr.
Enema Commd'ne ; Common or Domestic
Clyster. ( Water gruel or molasses and roater Oss
or Oj : add n little oil or lard, and a spnnn/nl of
common salt.) Given as a cathartic enema; and,
without the common salt, as an emollient.
Enema Fcet'idum, E. assafw'tideB, Fetid Clys-
ter, Clyxter of assafetida ; Jfls'turn asafie'tidcB
pro clys'mate, Clysma ton'icuni et anfispasmod'-
icnm seu in'citans et sedans, (F.) Larement anti-
spaamodique. {The last, %vith the addition of "Zx]
of the tincture of asafvetida. Ph. D.) Given as
an antispasmodic and anodyne.
Enema Nicotia'n^; Tobac'co Clyster. This
generally consists of from half a pint to a pint of
the Infiisnm Tabnci. It is emploj'ed in cases of
strangulated hernia; but occasionally acts as a
fatal poison when given in this way. The smoke
of tobacco is sometimes thrown up the rectum to
produce the same medicinal effects as the infusion.
Enema Onr, E. anodynum.
Enema TRREBlN'TniN^ ; Tur'pentine Clyster.
[01. tereh. f^j. Decoct, hordei f^^xix, one yolk of
egg. Incorporate the turpentine with the yolk,
then add the gruel. Ph. L.) To be adminis-
tere<l in cases of ascarides, (ojryures.)
ENEPIDERM'IC, Enepider'micus, from tv,
*ia,' cJ!i, 'upon,' and iepua, 'the skin.' An epi-
thet given to the method of treating discnses
which consists in the application of medicines •
as plasters, blasters, Ac, to the skin.
ENEHEISIS, Compression.
ENEiUJIA, Action, Force.
EN'ERGY, Eneryi'a, from eytpytw, [tv, anj
epyov, ' action,') ' I act.' Action. Acting power,
Also, vigour; as the 'witscnlar energy;' (bo
' brain acts icilh energy.'
ENERVATIO, Aponeurosis, Enervation.
ENERVA'TION, Encrra'tio, from e, 'out of,'
and nerrus, 'strength.' The act of weakening—
the state of being weakened. See Debility
ENERVATIONES TENDINEyE, Inscrijni.
ones tendineae musculorum.
ENERVITAS, Inertia.
ENFANCE, Infancy.
ENFANT, Infans — e. d Terme, see Foetus— ^
Legitime, see Legitimate
ENFANTEMENT, Parturition.
ENFLURE, Swelling, ffidema— e. des Jamhei
et des cuisscg de lafemme accouchec, Phlegmatia
dolens.
ENFONCEMENT SCAPHOIDE, Seaphoi-
des fossa.
ENFONCEURE, Arthrodia.
ENFONCURE, Arthrodia.
ENGASTERION, Laboratory.
ENGASTRIMISME, see Engastrimyth.
ENGASTRIM y^SME,see Engastrimyth.
ENGAS'TRIMYTH ; Engastrimy'thus, En.
glottogas'tor, Gustril'oqaus. Ventril'oqum, Gun-
tril'oquist, Eu'rycles, Enrycli'tus, Enleromou'tis,
Gastroman'tis, from tv, 'in,' yanrrip, 'the belly,'
and fivStoiiai, ' I discourse.' A Ventril'uqmnt.
(F.) Ventriloqne, Gastrilqqiie. One who pos-
sesses the art of modifying his natural voice, so
that it seems to come from a greater or less dis-
tance, and from different directions. It wiis for-
merly believed that such persons spoke from the
belly ; hence their name. It is an imitative art,
and is called Ventuiloquism. (F.) Enyuitri-
misme, Enqastrimysnie.
ENGEl'SOMA, Engisoma.
ENGEIAJRE, Chilblain.
ENGIIIEN MONTMORENCY, MINERAL
WATERS OF. Enghicn-les-naiii». A hydru-
sulphurous water, four leagues from Paris, near
Montmorency, which is possessed of some cele-
brity. It contains chloride of sodium, chiorido
of magnesium, sulphate of magnesia, sulphate uf
lime, carbonate of magnesia, carbonate of lime,
silica, sulphohydrate of lime and magnesia, sul-
phohydric acid, carbonic acid and nitrogen.
ENGISO'iMA, Engeiso'ma, Engizu'ina, from
cyyi^ii), 'I approximate.' (F.) Embarrnre. A
species of fracture of the skull, in which a splin-
ter passes beneath the sound portion of the bone,
and compresses the brain. — Galen. Also, a kind
of instrument used in fractures of the clavicle.
ENGLISH DISEASE, Rachitis.
ENGLOTTOGASTOR, Engastrimyth.
ENGOMPHOSIS, Gomphosis.
ENGORGEMENT, from en, 'in,' and gorye,
' the throat.' An obstruction occurring in the
vessels of a part, giving rise to augmentation of
volume. Congestion.
ENGORGEMENT DES MEMBEES AD-
DOMINAUXA LA SUITE DES COUCHES,
Phlegmatia dolens — e. Hepatic, Ilcpatohaemia —
e. Lniteux des membres abdominaux, PhlegmaH*
dolens.
ENGOUEBIENT (F.), Obstmc.'tio, htr'lia,
from aiigere, ' to choke.' Accumulation in «
hollow organ, of the matters secreted by it of
carried into it. There is said to be Engouemeui
des bronches, when the mucus accumulates in the
bronchia; and Engouement des intestins, wh«n
the matters which ought to pass through the in-
ENGOUEMENT
339 ENTEREPIPLOMPHALOCELE
tcstines are detained; as in a case of strangulated
litrnia.
ENGOUEMENT DES POUMONS, E. of the
httKjn, in Pathological Anatomy, signifies that
flalc of tho lungs, in which a mixture of air and
tliin fluid CRcapps from them when cut into.
ESnornnrSSE.UENT, Torpor.
ENGIiENI'RR, Suture.
EN H /EM ATOSIS, Ilaematosis.
ENIXA, Puerpera.
ENIXIO F(ET0S, Parturition.
ENIXIIS FOiTUSi Parturition.
ENKEPHALON, Encephalon.
ENKYSTE. Encysted.
ENK YS TKMENT, Chatnnnement.
ENMETIUTIS, see Metritis.
ENNEAPUAR'MACOS, from cvpca, 'nine,'
nnd (pafitiaKov, 'a medicine.' A medicine, com-
liiiseil of nine simple ingredients. A pessary, so
firmed. — Galen, Paulus. The Antid'otni Hern-
cli'ill), described by (Jalen, and some plasters by
Ac'tius and Celsus, are, likewise, termed Eiiuea-
phiirmnca. — Gorraeus.
ENORMIS, Abnormous.
ENOKMITAS CORDIS, Heart, hypertrophy.
ENOR'MON, tvopuwv, llormon, Iiii'2)etnni f<i'-
cieiiK, from tv, 'in,' and opiiau), ' I rouse,' ' excite.'
A word used by Hippocrates in the same sense
as mtnl principle is by modern physiologists.
EN'OSrS, Insertion.
KNOSTO'SIS, Eiitosto'ni'it, from ev, 'in,' and
oareov, 'a bone.' A morbid growth of bone in-
wards— the opposite to exostosis.
ENRAGE, Rabid.
ENUHUMER, See Cold.
ENROUEMENT, Raucedo.
ENRYTH'MOS, from tv, and /jv^^of, 'number.'
Iliiving rhythm. An epithet applied to the pulse
when its pulsations occur with some degree of
order. It is opposed to Aryth'mon, and differs
from EurythnioH, which signifies 'regular.'
ENS. A being. Paracelsus meant, by this
term, the power exerted by certain beings on
our body. Ho speaks of the Ens Dei, E. Astro' -
rum, E. naturu'le, E. rirtii'tis, E. morho'riim, E.
(le pnleti'libiis spirit'ibits, &c. These absurd de-
iimuitiiitions suggested to some of the ancient
chyinists a name for certain chj'mical prepara-
tions. The muriate of ammonia and iron was
called Ens mnrtis ; the muriate of ammonia and
copper, £ii)r t'ciieci* ; and Ens primiim was, with
the alohymists, the name of a tincture which they
I'onsidered possessed of the power of transmuting
nietnis.
Ens Martis, Ferrum ammoniatum — e. Veneris,
lioyli'i, Ferrum ammoniatum.
r- ^ h I F 0 R JVI, Eiisifor'mis, from eiisis, 'a
sword,' and /or;»(T, 'form.' Sword-like.
Ensifoum Apophy'sks or Puoc"esses are the
lesser a!a> of the sphenoid bone.
ExsiFoiiM Appk.v'dix or Car'tilage is the
*|I'lioid appendix of the sternum, &c. See Xi-
rlioid.
EXSIFORMIS. Xiphoid.
EN'Sr-STERXAL. Relating to the ensiforra
procescs of the sternum. Bcclard gave this name
'" the last osseous portion of the sternum. He
"ISO called it fos ullimi-stenud. See Ultituo-
siernal.
EVSOMATOSIS, Incorporation.
tXSTALAX'IS, Instillation.
E.ySTROPIIE. from ev, 'in,' and (rr/jtcdu, 'I
turn. Inversion of a part, as of the eyelids.
^NTA liLEMKNT, Depression.
, ^^TAILLE (V.), from en, 'in,' and taiUer,
'0 cut.' E.rrin'io, Ec'cape, Ec'tome. A deep
^l^iind made by s sharp instrument obliquely.
■t I'.'i/^, ,„„l T,tilf,nhs are, also, used to desig-
nate deep scarifications, made for the purpose of
producing a speedy diyonjement of any tumefied
part ; such, for example, as are made in the
tongue in certain cases of glossitis.
ENTAMURE (F.). A slight incision or lace-
ration.
ENTANTHEMA, Eisanthema.
EXTASIA, Tonic spasm — e. Articularis, Con-
tractura — e. Loxia, Torticollis — e. Priapismus,
Priapismus — e. Systremma, Cramp — e. Tetanus,
Tetanus — e. Tetanus anticus, EmprostLotonos — •
e. Trismus, Trismus.
ENTASIS, Tonic spasm.
ENTAT'ICUS, Intensi' vus, from ivrcivo}, ' I
make tense.' A medicine which excites the ve-
nereal appetite.
ENTELIPATHIA, Nymphomania.
ENTELMINTHA, Worms.
EXTENDEMENT, Intellect.
ENTERADELPHIA, see Emhntemeut.
ENTERAD'ENES, from cvrtpov, 'an intestine,*
and a&riv, 'a gland.' The mucous glands of the
intestines. See Peyeri glandulae.
ENTERADENOCJ'RAPIIY, Enteradcnogra'-
phin, from evrtpov, ' intestine,' o^f/i/, 'gland,' and
ypa(p>i, ' a description.' A description of the in-
testinal glands.
E N T E R A p E N 0 L'OGY, Enteradeno/og"!a,
from cvTtpov, 'intestine,' aSn", 'gland,' and Aoyoy,
'a treatise.' That part of anatomy which treats
of the intestinal glands.
ENTERAKRECTASIA, Tympanites.
ENTERAL'GIA, Enterodyn'ia, from tvrcpov,
'intestine,' and aXyoi, 'pain.' Pain in the intes-
tines. Colic.
ExTEnALGiA Acuta, Enteritis — e. Inflamma-
toria, Enteritis — e. Saturnina, Colica metallica.
E N T E R A N G E M P II R A X I S, EnterangU
emphraxis.
E N T E R A N G I E M P H R A X ' I S, Enteran-
gcmphrax'is, from evTcpov, 'intestine,' ay)(u>, 'I
strangle,' and cpuppaaaiii, 'I obstruct.' Obstruction
of the vessels of tlie intestines.
ENTERATROPH'IA, Atroph'in Tntestino'rum,
from evTcpov, 'intestine,' and atrophia, 'want of
nutrition.' Atrojjhy of the coats of the intestines.
ENTERAUX'E, from ci'Tcpov, 'intestine,' and
av^rj, 'increase.' Hypertrophy of the muscular
coat of the intestines. — Fuchs.
ENTERECHE'MA, from ivrepov, 'intestine.'
and ri)(^ri, r!)^w, >]xip'i, 'sound.' Son'itns inlestiua'-
lis. Tlie sound of the movement of the intes-
tines, heard l)v the stethoscope.
ENTKREC'TASIS, Di/atn'tio Intcstiuo'rnm,
from ivTcpov, ' intestine,' and ektoo-is, 'dilatation.'
Dilatation of the intestines, as in tympanites.
ENTERELCO'SIS, Enterhe/co'sis, Enterohel.
co'sis, from tvrtpov, 'intestine,' and 'cXkcixris, ' ul-
ceration.' Ulceration of intestines — Ukera'tio
intestind'lis. Ul'cera inlestina'lin.
ENTERELESIA, Ileus.
ENTERELOSIS, Hens.
ENTEREMPJIRAX'IS, In/arc'tus Litestivo'.
rum, Jnctircera'tio iutestino'nim inter'na, (P.)
Etranr/Ument des Intestins, E. Intestinnle, from
evrrpov, 'intestine,' and cttippalu, 'obstruction.'
Oi/striiclion of the Intentines fnnn accumulation
of faeces or otherwise. Also, Enterangiemphraxis.
ENTEREN'CHYTA, Enteren'chytes, from tv-
rcpov, 'an intestine,' tv, and ;^fi>), '1 pour.' Any
surgical instrument for administering injections.
— Scultetus.
EXTEREPIPLOCELE, Enteroepiplocele.
EXTEREPIPLOMPHALOCE'LE, from ivrt-
pov, 'intestine,' t7nn\oov, 'omentum,' opKpa^o;,
' navel,' and /tijXij, ' rupture.' Hernia of the um-
bilicus, with protrusion of the omentum and in-
testine.
ENTERHELCOSIS
340
ENTEROMORPniA
ENTERHELCOSIS, Enterelcosis— e. Nervosa, ]
Tvphn? fahfJiiminal.'l
'enter llYPERTROPiriA.//y/)<Tf;-o;)A')Vij'n-
tentiiiii'riini, from tvripov, ' intestine.' and hyper-
trophia, 'excessive nutrition.' Hypertrophy of
the coats of the intestines.
ENTERIC. Intestinal.
ENTER'ICA, from cvrcpov, 'an intestine.' Dis-
eases affeotiiiir the alimentary caii.al. Order I.,
Cl.Tss I. {C<i'li'ica), of Good. Also, medicines
aflFeeting the alimentary canal.
ENTERICU.S, Intestinal.
ENTKRIQUE, Intestinal.
EXTKRITE FOLLJCdLFATSE, see Typhus
— e. Tiiphohemiffue, Typhoid fever.
ENTEKI'TIS, from tvTipov, 'an intestine,' and
itin, denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the
intestines. Empren'ma Eiiteri'tin, Intesti'no'riim
inflanniui'tio, Ileo-CDU'th, Chordap'sKH, Ciiumn
Jlnterltin, Enterr>ph/og"ia, Enterophlogo'sis, C<>'-
lica acuta sen hijlammato'ria, Il'eits iiijlammato'-
rins, Eiiteyal't/id acu'ta seu Liflannnato'rin, Fe-
bris iiitentiiii)' nim seu ili'aca injlninninto'ria, En-
ierop'iira, (F.) Eiiten'te. hijlammntinn dca Intestins.
The essential symptoms of this disease are: —
violent ahdomin.al pain, increased on pressure:
with vomiting and inflammatory fever. Enteritis
may affect both the peritoneal and the mucous
coat of the intestines ; and, in violent cases, all
the coats may he implicated. The structure of
the mucous ami peritoneal coats is diiferent ; so
are their functions in health and disease. The
inflammation of the serous coat, Sero-enterith,
resembles that of the cellular membrane; the
inflammation of the mucous coat, that of the skin.
The former is usually, therefore, of a more active
character. Inflammation of the raucous coat,
Eio - enteri'tin, Endo - enteri'tin, Mnco - enteri'tin,
Jt neons Eiiteritiii, Phfer/iin/nieni'tis enter'ica, is
generally attended with diarrhoea, and its patho-
logy is identical with that of dysentery. Inflam-
mation of th-e peritoneal coat is, on the other
hand, generally attended with constipation.
Enteritis of the peritoneal coat, for such usually
is the meaning of the word in the abstract, re-
quires the most active treatment. Copious bleed-
ing, followed up by a large dose of opium — and,
if the symptoms be not decidedly ameliorated,
repeating the bleeding and opium — warm fomen-
tations, and blisters, are the chief agents to be
relied upon. Purgatives ought not to be exhibited
until the inflammation and spasm are abated by
the use of the l)leeding and opium. When the
physician is called early, this plan will usually
succeed. Sometimes, Enteritis passes into a chro-
nic state, requiring much careful management.
Broussais considered inflammation of the mucous
coat of the stomach and intestines as the proxi-
mate cause of the phenomena of fever.
Enteiiitis Arthritica, Coeliagra — e. Colica,
Colitis — e. Epiploitis, Epiploitis — e. Follicular,
Typhoid fever — e. FoUiculosa, see Typhoid — e.
Mesenterica, Mesenteritis — e. Mucous, see Ente-
ritis— e. Pustulosa, Dothinenteritis.
EN'TERO, from ivrcpov, 'an intestine,' in com-
pound words signifies intestine, as in the follow-
ing:—
ENTEROBRO'SIS, Enterorrhex'is, Perfora'tio
Jiitestino'rnm, (F.) Per/oration de.s Intestlns, from
tvTtpov, 'an intestine,' and jipioati, 'the act of
gnawing.' Perforation of the intestines.
ENTEROC'ACE, Di/sente'n'a pu'tn'dri seu ty-
pho'dea seu acorbit'tica seu maltg'na, from tvrepov,
'an intestine,' and KaKos, 'evil.' Adynamic dy-
sentery, accompanied by phenomena indicating a
pseudo-membranous and gangrenous state of the
lining membrane of the large intestine.
ENTEROCE'LE, Hernia inteatina'lU, from
tvTcpov, 'nn intestine,' and kj;Xi?. 'n hernia,' ,'tn-
mour.' Abdominal hernia, which contains only
a portion of intestine, is so called.
ENTERO - CEPIIALOPYKA INFANTUM,
Hydrocephalus Internus.
ENTEROCCE'LICUS, from tvrtpov, 'intestine,'
and KOi\ia, 'the cavity of the abdomen.' Relating
to the cavity of the abdomen.
EN'TERO-COLI'TIS, (F.) Entfro-coUle, from
cvTtpov, ' intestine,' and co^/ri'*, 'inflammation cif
the colon.' Inflammation of the small intestine
and Colon.
ENTEROCYSTOCE'LE, from cvrtpov, 'an in-
testine,' KvoTti, 'a bladder,' and ifi/Ai), 'a tumour.'
Hernia formed by the bliidder and a portion of
intestine.
ENTERODAR'SIS, from tvrepov, 'intestine,'
and iapaii, ' skinning.' Excoriation of the mu-
cous membrane of the intestines.
ENTERODOTHIENIA. Dothinenteritis.
ENTERODYNIA, Enteral_gia.
ENTERO -EPIPLOCE'LE, Entcvepiplnce'le,
Her'nia iitteatiita'lis omentn'lia, from tvTcpov, 'in-
testin-e,' tTTiTXaoi', 'the omentum,' and Kr)\r], 'tu-
mour.' Hernia, formed by intestine and omen-
tum.
ENTERO-EPIPLOM'PHALUS, from tvnpov,
'intestine,' fr;tiT\oov, 'the omentum,' and o/i^oXof,
'the umbilicus.' Umbilical hernia, contuinin''
intestine and omentum. Almost all uiubilicid
hernifB are of this kind.
ENTEROG'RAPHY, Entemgm'pliia, from tv-
rtpov, ' intestine,' .and ypa<pri, 'description.' The
part of anatomy which describes the intestines.
ENTERO-HyEMORRHAGIA, IL-craatochezia.
ENTEROHELCOSIS, Enterelcosis.
ENTERO-HYDROCE'LE, from tvrtpov, 'in-
testine,' 'viu>p, 'water,' and KtjXr^, 'tumour.' In-
testinal hernia complicated with hydrocele.
ENTERO-IIYDROM'PHALUS, from tvrtpov,
'intestine,' 'irtSwp, 'water,' and o/<0aAo5, 'the mi-
vel.' Umbilical hernia, in which the sac contains,
along with a portion of intestine, a quantity of
serum.
ENTERO-ISCHTOCE'LE, from tvrtpov, 'in-
testine,' ia)(^iov, 'ischium.' and ktiXti, 'tumour.
hchint'ic h'-min, formed of intestine.
ENTEROLITIII'ASIS, from tvrti^ov, 'intes-
tine,' and XiSiaais, 'the formation of stone.' The
formation of concretions in the intestines.
ENTEROLITHUS, Calculi of the stomach ami
intestines — e. Bezoardus, Bezoar — e. Scybalum,
Scybala.
ENTEROL'OGY, E>Uerolnr,"{n, from tvrtpov,
'intestine,' and \oyoi, 'a discourse.' The part
of anatomy which treats of the intestines.
ENTEliOMALA'CIA, Enteromcdax'is, (F.)
RamoUi'saemejit de. I'lntcatin, from tvrtpov, 'an in-
testine,' and iiaXaaau), 'I soften.' Softening' of the
mucous or other coats of the intestine.
ENTEROMALAXIS, Enteromalacia.
ENTEROMANTIS, En_gastrimyth.
ENTERO-MEROCE'LE, from tvrtpov, 'injes-
tino,' pirjpoi, 'the thigh,' and Krt'Kri, 'tumour.' Cru-
ral hernia, formed of intestine.
ENTERO-MESENTER'IC, Entem-meHnter'-
icua, (F.) Entero-meacnterique. Relating to the
intestine and mesentery.
ENTERO-MESENTER'ICA FEBRIP. M^''
Petit and Serres have given this name to the
typhoid form of adynamic fever, in which the in-
testines are ulcerated, with enlargement of the
corresponding mesenteric glands. See Typhus.
ENTERO-MESENTERITE, Tabes mesen-
terica— e. Mcnenlfrite typhdide, see Typhus.
ENTEROMOR'PniA COMPRES'SA. One
of the algas, used by the Sandwich Islanders as
an esculent.
ENTER OMPHALOCELE
341
ENTOPIIYTIC
EXTKROMPIIALOCELE, Enteromphalus.
ES'£KRO\l'PllALl]?i,Eiitero7iip/,<iloce'le,rrom
tvTciiov, 'intestine,' and o/i(^«Xof, 'umbilicus.' Um-
biiiciii hernia, formed of intestine.
EXTEROMYOODORPTIS, from tvTcpov, 'in-
testine,' nvKOf, 'slime,' Sopa, 'skin,' and itia, de-
noting infliinimation. Inflammation of the mucous
niemhriine of the intestines.
ENTRRON, Intestine.
ENTEROPARAL'YSIS, Enterople'gm, Pa-
fid'yuiH iiUeslhio'ri(m, from ct/Tcpov, 'intestine,'
zapnUaK, 'paralysis.' Paralysis of the intestines.
ENTEROl'ARISAGOGE, Intussusceptio.
ENTEKOPATIII'A, Enterop'athr,. from cyrcpov,
'intestine,' and iraSoj, 'disease.' Disease of the
intestines in general.
Entkropatiii'a Cancero'sA, Enteroicir'rhua,
Eiiterosteuo'aia wirrho'aa seu oigan'ica, Entero-
mrco'mSd, Iiiditrci'lio seu Scirrhiia seu Cancer seu
Ciirciiw'ma luteatiiio'rum, (F.) Cancer dea Intea-
tlna. Cancer of the intestines.
KNTEROPERIS'TOLE, Entero>,ph,yma, Her-
n!n iiicnrcera'tn, Incarcera'tio iutestinn' rum, from
tfrtpoi', 'intestine,' and izcpiaTiWui, 'I contract.'
Constriction or obstruction Of the intestines, from
a cause which acts either within the abdomen,
or without it, as in strangulated hernia
ENTEROPIILOGIA, Enteritis.
E\TEROPIILOGOSIS. Enteritis.
ENTl<;ROPnTIII'SIS,from c^rcpov, 'intestine,'
and 03iff({, 'consumption.' Consumption of the
bowels. Consumption owing to suppuration in
the intestines.
ENTEROPHYMATA, Tubercula intestino-
ruin.
EN'TEROPLASTY, En'ternplna'Uce, from tv
TtpuK, 'intestine,' and TtXnaaw, 'I form.' A plastic
operation fur the restoration of an intestine
ENTKROPLEGIA, Enteroparalysis.
ENTEROPYRA. Enteritis. Alio, entero-me-
scnteric fever, Eiiteropyrie. — Alihert.
ENTERoi>YnA AsiATicA, Cholera — e. Biliosa,
Fever, bilious.
ENTERORRHAG"IA, from evrcpov, 'intes-
tine, and pnyn, 'violent rupture.' Hemorrhage,
or excessive discharge, from the bowels.
Entkuoriuiagia Shiplkx, Iliematochezia.
ENTERORRHA'PHIA, Entcror'rhapke, from
tvnpov, 'intestine,' and pa<l,v. 'a suture.' Suture
ot the intestines, for the relief of injuries done to
Inem.
ENTERORRIIEU'MA, BheumahVmu, Tnteati-
"on.m, from tvrtpov, 'intestine,' and ptvpa, 'de-
Nuxion, rheumatism.' Rheumatism of the intes-
tines.
EXTERORRIIEXIS, Enterobrosis.
EXTEROKRIIfEA, Diarrhoea, Melana.
ENTEROSARCOCE'LE, from evrtpov, 'intes-
ine, aapl 'flesh,' and «,X„, 'a tumour.' Intes-
tinal hernia, complicated with fleshy excrescence
or rather saroocele.
EXTEROSARCOMIA, Enteropathia cance-
rosa.
ENTEROSCIIEOCE'LE, Enteroachoce'le, from
nrtoov,'m intestine.' o<r;^£nv, 'the scrotum,' and
•lA-f, tumour.' Scrotal hernia consisting of in-
^^^^^TEROSCIRRnUS, Enteropathia cance-
EVTERO'SES, from cvrtpov. 'an intestine.' A
riass of diseases, comprehending all those that
•re seated in the intestines.— Alibert.
EN;TRR0.«;PHI(}MA, Enteroperistole.
ENTEROSTEXO'SIS, from cvrcpo^, 'intestine,'
»na ,rTt,u,ffK. 'stricture.' Stricture or constriction
01 the intestines. See Ecus.
ENTEnosTENosis Volvulus, Ileus — e. Or<ra-
nica. hnteropathia cancerosa — e. Scirrhosa. En-
Wopatbia cancerosa.
EXTEROTOJfE, Enterot'omna, from t.vTtpnv,
'intestine,' and rf/ivu, 'I cut.' A name given by
J. Cloquet to an instrument for promptly opening
the intestinal canal through its whole e.\tent. It
consists of a pair of scissors, one blade of which
is much longer than the other, and rounded at its
e-xtremity. This is passed into the intestine-.
ENTEROTO.M'IA, Enterot'omy, same etymon.
In anatomy, it signifies dissection of the intes-
tines. In aurr/ery, it means an operation, little
used, which consists in opening the intestines, in
order to evacuate the fsecal matters accumulated
in it; for example, in cert.ain cases of hernia, ac-
companied with contraction of the intestinal
canal; in operations for an artificial anus, per-
formed on the new-born, where the rectum is
imjierforate or not existing, <tc.
EXTEROTOMY, Enterotomia.
EXTEROTYPHUS, see Typhus.
EXTEROZOA, Worms.
ENTERYDROCE'LE, Enterohydroce'Ie, from
tvTipov, ' intestine,' 'vSup, ' water,' and k^iX,,, ' rup-
ture.' Intestinal hernia with hydrocele
ExXTHELMINTHES, Worms.
EXTHEOMAXIA, Demonomania.
EXTHLA'SrS, Explda'aia, IllU'io, from tv, ' in.'
and 3Aaa), 'I break.' A fracture of the cranium,
with comminution, in which the bone is depressed
or has lost its level. '
Entiilasis Cranii, Efl'ractura Cranii
ENTITE, Entity.
EX'TITY, En'titaa. (F.) Ent!t^,. from ena.entia,
a being.' The being or essence of anything.
It has been used somewhat vaguely, in modern
French medicine more especially, to signify ap-
parently a general or essential disease, the nature
and seat of which cannot be determined —
Nvsten.
EXTOCELE, Ectopia.
Entoce'le Lentis. Dislocation of the crys-
talline into the anterior chamber of the eye
EXTOGOXYAX'COX, Genu varum, C'.lf'knee,
X leg, from evTog, ' within,' yoi'u, ' the knee,' and
ny-cuv, 'a bend.' Bending of the knees inwards.
The state of being knock-hieed, or in-knecd
(Prov.) Knap-kneed, (Sc.) Nule-kneed.
EXTOHYALOID MUSC^, see Metamor-
phopsia.
EXTOXIA, Tension, Tonic spasm.
EXTOXIC, Enton'icua, from tv, denoting' ex-
cess, and Tovoi, ' tone.' Having great tension or
exaggerated action.
EXTONNOIIi, Calix, Infundibulum - e. d,^
Ventricule Moyen du Cerveau, Infundibulum of
the bra'n.
EXTOPARASITES, Worms.
EXTOPHTHAL'MIA, from tvroj, 'within,' and
oipOaXpta, 'inflammation of the eye.' Ophthalmia
aff'eeting the interior of the eye.
EX'TOPHYTE. Entoph'ymn, (ph Enfoph'yta,)
from cvToi, 'within,' and (pvruv, 'a vegetable.' A
vegetable parasite, and especially one growing in
the interior of the body. The following are^the
chief entophytes : —
^'.'7'' •; of the moutb.
Aihorinn Scfion/cinn.... in Porrigo favosa.
Achorion Leberlii in Porrigo scutulata
Jficrnsporon Auduuini . in Porrigo deealvans
Mycodcrm of Plica Polonica,
of Mentagra.
of ."Mnguet.
ofulcera ted and mucous
_ . surfaces.
.Viroim venfrtcuH of the stomach.
Jorula « „
EXTOPHYT'IC, Entophyficue, same etymon.
Of or belonging ta an entophyte,-as ' an onto-
phytic growth.'
ENTOPTERYGOID
342
J^rERVlP.RE
ENTOPTERYGOID, see Pterygoid.
ENTOP'TIC, Entop'iiciin, from tvTOf, 'within,'
and oi^if, 'vi.^ion.' Relating or appertaing to tlic
vision of objects within the organ of sight, — as
of the bloodvessels of the retina.
E.VTO/iSE. Sprain.
ENTOSTHETIIIDIA, Entrails.
ENTOSTHIA, Entrails.
ENTOSTOSIS, Enostosis.
EXTOTORRIKEA. Otirrhoea.
ENTOTOZ.ENA, Ozscna.
ENTOXICLSMUS. Poisoning.
ENTOXISMUS, Poisoning.
ENTOZOA, (sing. Eiitozoon,) Worms.
ENTOZOAfRES, Worms.
ENTOZOARIA, Worms.
EXTOZOOGENESIS, Helminthiasis.
ENTOZOON FOLLICULORUM, Acarus Fol-
liculorum.
ENTRAILLES, Entrails.
EN'TRAILS. Splrnichiia, Eiiccc'lia, Vis'cera,
Entontkid' ill, Entos'thia, Eiifosthethld'itt, Intera'-
iiea, from enteralia, a word of bad Latin, coming
from evTipov, 'intestine.' It is used for the vis-
cera enclosed in the splanchnic cavities, and es-
pecially for those in the abdomen ; Baweh, GiiIk,
(F.) Eiiti-'iil/es, Visceres. E.ita has had this
latter signification, but it was most frequently
used by the ancients, as by Pliny, for the thoracic
viscera.
ENTREFESSON, Chafing.
ENTRICHO'MA, from tv, 'in,' and rpix'^txa,
{^(iti, rpiYos,) 'hair.' The tarsal cartilage, and
the edge of the eyelids, in which the cilia are
implanted.
ENTROP'ION, Eiitrop'iiim, from ev, 'in,' and
Tpfiru), ' I turn.' Iiiver'xio jxilpebfa'rum, CnplUit"-
ium, Tn'rhi'asis, Intronuscep'tin seu Blepharopto'-
818 entropiiim, Blephnrelo'sis, Tri'chin, Tn'eho'sis.
A name given to the inversion or turning inwards
of the eyelids, so that the eyo-lashes are directed
towards the globe of the eye ; irritate and in-
flame it, and give rise to the atiection called
Tn'chi'asis.
The contact of the hair with the surface of the
eye occasions considerable irritation of the con-
junctiva, which is soon followed by chemosis,
ulceration of the eye, and other symptoms, such
as fever, watchfulness, Ac.
If the disease be entropion, as above defined,
that is, dependent u))on the inversion of the eye-
lids, it must be remedied, — either by dispersing
the oedema or swelling of the eyelids, or by cut-
ting out a portion of the skin. When the disease
is dependent on a vicious direction of the cilia,
they must be plucked out and the bulbs be cau-
terized.
ENTROPIIIM, Entropion.
ENTYPO.SIS, see Glene.
ENUCLEA'TIOX, Eiuiden'tio, from cnnclenre,
ennclentnm, (e, and nucfeiin,) ' to take out a ker-
nel.' This term has been proposed for the opera-
tion of removing tumours, Ac, without cutting
into thein. — Percy.
The word is used in Pharmacy for the opera-
tion of shelling or removing the kernels of any
nut.
ENULA CAMPANA, Inula Helenium.
ENU'LON, from iv, ' in,' and ovXov, 'the gum.'
The inner part of the gums. The external part
was called ovXov, and that between the teeth apuoj.
—Pollux.
EXURE'SIS, from evovpi(a, (tv, and ovpcti),) 'I
void the urine in bed.' Paru'Hn incon'tinem,
Jiicontiiien'tia iiri'iKp, E.ccre'tio Urinm invohtn-
tn'ria seu itwpportn'nri, 3lic'tio invohmhi' i in,
Urricrn'tia, Urorrhtie'a, Perirrhne'a, Sti-aiii/ii'ti'a,
(■Galen,) Aiiinchu'ria, Hypcrnre'Hin, Diam'ves,
Invvluntary discharge of urine, Ineoixtinence of
urine. This affection is most common in ndvnncod
life. It may depend on too great irritability of
the bladder, or on distension, or injury of tlia
fibres about its neck, paralysis of the ori'nn
Ct/ito-ptirn/if'siii, Cytto-ple'gia, the presence of
an irregularly shaped calculus impacted in the
urethra near its commencement; rupture of the
bladder and urethra,; renal disease; or on pres.
sure exerted on the bladder by the di^■Ien(ll'll
womb or by a tumour. It often occurs after (liC-
ficult labour, but generally yields, in the coiirfe
of a week or ten days ; the catheter being intro-
duced twice a day in the mean time.
The treatment must of course vary according
to the cause ; and when the atfection on whicli it
is dependent cannot be removed, the discharge
of urine may be prevented by exerting a dfgree
of compression on the urethra, by nieims of np.
propriate instruments ; or a urinal may be em-
ployed to receive the urine as it passes off.
EjVVfE, Hangnail, Malacia, Naevus — c. rfe
Voniir, Nausea.
ENYPNIOX, Somniura.
ENYSTRON, Abomasus.
ENZOOTIA, Enzooty.
ENZOOTY, Eiiznoi'ia, (F.) Enzootif, from n,
' in,' and ^ujnv, ' animal.' An endemic disciisc at-
tacking animals.
EP, EPII, EPT, £T, e<p, em, 'upon, above;' in
composition, generally means, 'auginentiitiim,
addition, increase, reciprocal action, repctitiuii.'
Hence r
EPACMAS'TICOS, from tm, and a«/«ifu), 'I
increase.' An epithet applied to fevers, Fchren
epacniiis'ticcB, whose symptoms go on augmenting
in violence, from the commencement to the ter-
mination. Such fevers are, also, called Epuna-
didoii'tea,
EPAGOGTUM, Phimosis, Prepuce.
EPANADIPLOSIR, Anadiplosis.
EPANALEPSIS, Anadiplosis.
EPANAS'TASIS, from i-naviarriiu, 'to cnufe
to rise up.' Pustule. The formation of a tumour.
The breaking out of an eruption — Erup'tio exan-
the'niatia. A pustule.
EPANASTEMA, Exanthem, swelling.
EPANCHEMENT, Effusion
EPANESIS, Remission.
EPANETUS. Remittent — e. Hectiea, Hectic
fever — e. Malignus flavus. Fever, yellow — e.
Mitis, Remittent fever.
EPANORTHOSIS, Restauratio.
EPANTHEMA, Exanthem.
EPANTHISMA, Exanthem.
EPAPHiE'RESIS. from iTra^aipfu, (tin. c™!
and aipEui, 'I take,' 'I take away.' Jiepeti'ia
Kuhla'iio seu evucna'tio. A repeated ahstraotwn
or evacuation. It was formerly used synony-
mously with repeated bioodlettiny ; Phlehvtom'ia
itern'ta. — Galen.
EPAPHRISMOS, Despumation.
EPARMA, Tumour.
EPARSIS, Tumour.
EPAULE, Humerus.
EPENCRANIS. Cerebellum.
EPENDYMA, Membrane.
Epen'dyma VKNTiucuLo'iUT>f, En'di/mn seu
Indumen'tnm vcntricnlo'rum, from mi, and iwva,
(tv, and iuu),) ' I enter ;' hence, citcvlsvua, ' an upper
garment or cloak.' The lining membrane of the
ventricles of the brain, formed by a prnlongation
of the pia mater, and probably also of the arach-
noid.
EPERON, Hippocampus minor— ^. d^ ^'"
tdreo. Spur.
EPER VIER, Accipiter.
EPERVIERE BES MURAILLES, Hiera-
cium murorum.
EPIIEB^EON
34 3
EPICRANIUM
EPIIEBiE'ON, Ephebee'um, from tn, and 'vl^l,
' pubcs.' The parts of generation : also, the re-
gion of the pubes, as well as the hair upon the
pubes. It meant, likewise, a part of the ancient
gymnasium in which the rhetoricians, philoso-
phers, Ac. disputed.
KlMIKnEUiM, Mons veneris.
EPHK'BIA, Ejihebi'a, Fubertua. Same ety-
mon. The ago of puberty.
EPHEBOSYNE, Puberty.
EP11EI30TES, Puberty.
EPHE'BUS, Fnbciis, Puber, (F.) Publre,
Ejihlibc. One who has attained the age of pu-
berty.
EPHEDRANA, Nates.
EPIIEL'CIS, from c-m, and 'c^lcof, 'an ulcer.'
The crust or scab of an ulcer.
KPIfKIJDE SOORBUriQUE, Chloasma.
EPHl'I'IilDES, from c-m, and 'lAio?, 'the sun.'
E/iichro'^ix, Jfric'idn sola'rin, M(tc' nlcB fiixccB seu
leiiticulit'res, Vltili'j" inen, Plinci, Paniius lenticii-
In'riH, Leutic'ula, Lpiiti'gn, Epheh's Lenti'r/o seu
Lculic'ida seu d Hole, Nigre'cio d no/e Splh/'sin
c/ilielis, jEHtn'teH, Effila, Freckles, Smitiitrn,
(Prov.) Fernitickles, Fniific/ilen, Fanitirklcii,
FerufrcddcH, F<tnfeckles, Fonipec/clnn, Freckfnn,
Mnrjlen, (F.) Tnches de rouHHeur, Hale. This
terra includes not only the yellow leiilu/iiies, which
appear on persons of a. fair .skin, and the larger
brown patches, which also arise from exposure
to the direct rays of the sun, but also those large
dusky patches which are very similar in appear-
ance, but occur on other parts of the surface,
that are constantly covered. See Chloasma.
They do not extend farther than the skin. Many
cosmetics have been recommended for their re-
moval. Simple spirituous lotions or weak mine-
rid acids, applied a few times in the day, are as
effectual ns any other means.
One, afTceted with freckles, is said to he /redded,
(So.) Fainitidded, Fernitlcklcd, (Prov.) Farn'-
tichled, Fitii'tidiled, Fenif red-led, Forupeckled,
Frfdcened, Murfled, (F.) Taehete de Rouasenrs.
EPHELIS, see Ephelides — e. Lentigo, Ephe-
lides— <•. ,1 Sde, Ephelides.
EPIIELOTES, Leucoma.
EPllEM'ERA, Dia'ria, from uri, and 'tjiJitpn,
'a day.' That which continues a day. This
epithet is given to diseases, and particularly to
fevers, which last only a day. — Fvbris din'ria seu
simplex seu Ephe'meni, Ephemerop'yrn, Febric'u-
In, Ephem'ernl, Di'nry or Simple Fever, (F.)
FO'iire fplieiitire. The term prolonged ephem'ern
is sometimes used for fevers, which cease after
two or three days' duration.
Epiikmera Angmca Pkstii.ens, Sudor angli-
cus — e. Hritannica, Sudor Anglicus — e. Maligna,
Sudor Anglicus — e. Mortifera, Plague — e. Pesti-
lentialis, Plasue — e. Sudatoria, Sudor Anglicus.
EPHEMEROPYRA, Ephemera.
EPIIEMERUS. Quotidian.
EPIIIALTES IIYPOCIIOXDRIACA, Incubus
viKihintium — e. Noeturnus, Incubus — e. Vigilan-
tiuin, Tnciibus vigilantium.
EPHIDRO'SES, (G.) Ephidrosen. A divi-
sion of the family Ekzeraatosen, of Fuchs,
coniprisinsr morbid varieties of sweating.
EPIIIDRO'SIS, from cm, and 'ilipoio, ' I sweat.'
Hidru'^in, Idro'sit, Siida'tio, Sweating. Of old,
It meant, at times, a slight sweating, sndatinn'cu-
1(1, of no value, and of bad augury ; at others, a
pood and critical sweat. It has likewise been
used fi)r a copious sweat.
Epitinuosis Phofit'sa, E. xpnntn'nea seu idio-
pilh'ica, Hi/drnprtlr'siii, ExRuda'tin, E.riidn'tio,
Hiiftrreph idro'nin, Hi/perhi/dro'/tin, Hi/drorrhop'a,
niiliiipfde'aia, (F.) FliiJ- de Sueur, An excessive
•weatiug. A colliquative sweat Such copious
perspirations are generally owing to debility of
the exhalants, and require the use of tonics,
especially of the mineral acids, opium, &c.
Ephidrosis, Desudatio — e. Cruenta, Sudor
cruentus — e. Saccharata, Sudor dulcis.
EPHIPPIUM, Sella Turcica.
EPH'ODOS, from en, and 'oiog, 'a way,' 'a
road or avenue to a place.' Hippocrates uses
this word in three senses : 1. For the vessels or
canals, which give passage to the excrements of
the body. 2. For a periodical attack or accession
of fever; and 3. For the approach of similar or
dissimilar things which may be useful or hurtful
to the body.— Castelli.
EPH'RATA SPRINGS. These are in Lan-
caster County, Pennsylvania. The water is pure:
and facilities are afforded for bathing — warm and
cold.
EPT, Spica.
EPl'ALOS, Hepi'alos, Qner'cera, Quer'qnera.
A name given by the ancients to fever, when the
hot stage was mingled with irregular chills. Also,
the cold stage of fever.
EPIALTES, Incubus.
EPIAMA, Lenitive.
EPIAN, Framboesia.
EPIBLEMA, Catablema.
EPTBOLE, Incubus.
EPICANTHIS, Canthus.
Epican'this, from £n-(, and Kavdog, 'the angle
of the eye.' A defective formation, in which a
fold of skin passes from the root of the nose over
the inner canthus of the eye.
EPICAR'PIUM, Perieur'pium, from itti, and
Kap-og, ' the wrist.' An application made to the
wrists, or to the region of the pulse, was so called.
EPICAUMA, Encauma.
EPICAUSIS, Encauma.
EPICERASTICA, Emollients.
EPICHOLOS, Bilious.
EPICIIORDIS, Mesentery.
EPICHORION, Decidua.
EPICHORIUM, Epidermis.
EPICHRISIS, Inunctio.
EPICHRO'SIS, Spilo'sis, from en, and xp<j>na,
'colour.' Simple discoloration of the surface. —
Good. Ephelides.
Epichrosis Spilt, see Naevus.
EPICHYSIS, AflTusion.
EPICCELIDES, Cilia, Palpebra (superior.)
EPICCE'MASIS, from i.TiKoi,ino,xat, (tn, and
Koinaofxai, 'to lie down to rest,' 'to sleep.') De-
cu'hitui ad dormien'dnm et Dormit"io. The po-
sition of sleeping, as well as sleeping itself.
EPICOL'IC, from cm, and kwAoi/, ' the colon.'
The epicolic regions, regio'nes epicol'iccB, are
those parts of the abdomen which correspond to
the colon.
EPICOLLESTS, Agglutination.
EPICON'DYLE, Epicon'dylus, from tm, and
KovbvXoi, 'a condyle.' A name given, by Chans-
sier, to an eminence at the outer part of the infe-
rior extremity of the os humeri; so called, be-
cause it is seated above the condyle. The epi-
condyle gives attachment to the outer lateral
ligament of the elbow joint, and to a very strong
tendon to which several of the muscles of tho
posterior part of the forearm are attached.
EPICONDYLO-CUBITALIS, see Anconeus —
e. Radial, Supinator radii brevis — e. Sus-meta-
carpien, see Radialis — e. Siis-phalangettien com-
miin, Extensor digitorum communis — e. Suii-],hn-
laugettien dn petit doigt, Extensor proprius minimi
digiti.
EPICOPHO'SIS, fromeiri, and (fa>0w(n?, ' deaf-
ness.' Deafness supervening on another disease.
EPICRA'NIUM, from em, and Kpaviov. 'the
cranium.' A name given to different parts seated
on the cranium. The skin, aponeurosis between
EPICRANIUS
344
EPIGASTRIC
the occipital and frontal muscles, and the whole j
of the scalp, have been so called. Portal in-
clude? under this name the occipito-frontalis
muscle, pyramidalis nasi, and superior and ante-
rior aurir'ular muscles. The pericranium.
EPICRANIUS, Occipito-frontalis.
EPIUKA'SIS, Contempera'tlo, from emKtpavvv-
lit, (£771, and KepavvviJii, ' I mix,') ' I temper.' A
u-rm used by the humourists for an amelioration
of the humours. They called Cure by Epicrasis
—per epicrasin, a mode of treatment by imagined
iiheratives, which they supposed to be possessed
of the power of gradually correcting the vitiated
humours.
EPICROUSIS, Percussion.
EPICTENIUM, Pubes.
EPICTETI MORBI, Acquired diseases.
EPICYEMA, Superf(Btation.
EPICYESIS, Superfoetation.
EPICYSTOTOMIA, see Lithotomy.
EPIDEISIS, Deligation.
EPIDEM'IC, Epide'miiis, Epidem'icus, (F.)
Epidemique. Same etymon as Epidemy. Ap-
pertaining to an epidemy. An epidemy.
Ei'iDKMic Constitution, Epidemy — e. Disease,
Epidemy — e. Influence, Epidemy.
EriDEMlGlTE, see Epidemy.
EPIDEMICUS, Epidemy.
E P I D E M 1 0 G' RAPHY, Epidemiograph'ia,
from cm, 'upon,' ^v/'Of- 'the people,' and ypa(Pv,
' a description.' A history or description of
epidemics.
EPIDEMIC L'OGY, Epidemiolog"ia, from
epidemy, and Xoyo;, ' a description.' The doc-
trine of epidemics.
EPIDEMIQUE, Epidemy.
EPIDEMIUS, Epidemy.
EP'IDEMY, Epidem'ic, Epide'min, Morlns
puh'liena seu popiila'ria seu epidem'icita seu epi-
dc' mills, Epidem'ic disease, E. iiijiueuce, E. con-
stitution ; from etti, and 6rtnoi, 'the people.' (F.)
Epidemie. A disease which attacks at the same
time a number of individuals, and which is re-
ferred to some particular constilutio aeris, or
condition of the atmosphere, with which we are
utterly ignorant. It differs from endemic, the
hitter being owing to locality ; but it is obvious,
that should a particular epidemic consitution of
the air — epidemic"ily, (F.) epidemicite — exist
along with a favouring endemic condition, these
combined influences may act in the causation of
several of those serious and fatal complaints,
which at times visit a district, and are never
afterwards met with, or at least not until after
:he lapse of a considerable period.
EPIDENDRUM VANILLA, see Vanilla.
EPID'ERIS, Epider'rhis, Epider'rhion, Hy-
jyod'cris, Hypoder'mis, Hypoder'rhis, from tiri,
and ieiiai, ' a skin.' This word, with some, means
the nymphse ; with others, the clitoris; with
others, again, the prepuce of the clitoris.
EPIDERMA. Epidermis.
EPTDERMATIS, Epidermis.
EPTDER'MIC, Epiderm'icus, Epiderm'al, Epi-
derma'lis, (F.) i^pidermique : same etymon as
epidermis. Belonging to the epidermis, — as
EPIDERMIC CELLS, see Cell, epidermic.
EPIDERMIDON'OSI, Epidermidonu'si, from
c-iospfiii, ' epidermis,' and voaoj, ' disease.' Dis-
eases of the epidermis.
EPIDERMION, Epidermis.
EPIDER'MIS, Epider'mion, Epider'matis,
Epider'ma, Epicho'rium, Snm'mitas cutis, Cutic' -
Ilia, G. ex'tima seu extre'ma, Cutis extima seu
gumma seu ultima, Pellis summn, FelUc'ula sum-
ma seu siipe'rior, Lam'ina ])rimn cutis, Oper'cu-
luw cutis, from tin, ' upon,' and itpua, ' the true
skin.' Scarf-skin, Cuticle. (F.) Surpcau, Cnlirule.
A transparent, dry, thin membrane, devoid of
nerves and vessels, which covers all the surface
of the body, except the parts that eorrespnnd to
the nails. It api)ears to consist of minute scales,
placed one above the other. Chaussier considurs
it to be formed and reproducoil by an excretory
action of the true skin ; to act like a dry varnish,
which prevents the immediate contact of bodies
with the nervous papillae, and consociueiitly to
deaden tactile impressions, which, witliout its in-
tervention, might be painful. The E/tider'wic,
Epider'meous, or Epider'moid (as l!i(^liat called
it) System, in general anatomy, comprises three
parts. 1. External Epidermis. 2. I'Jpi.lerinis
spread over the mucous inenibranes. 3. The
Nails and Hair.
Epipkumis LiNGiT^E, sce Tongue.
EPIDERMOID, Epidermo'i'des, from epidcr-
mis, and ciio;, ' resemblance.' lleserabling the
epidermis.
EPIDERRinON, Epideris.
EPIDERRHIS. Epideris.
EPIDERRHITIS, Nymphitis.
EPIDESIS, see Bandage — e. Hemostasia, Li-
gature.
EPIDESMIS, Epidesmus.
EPIDESMUM, Epidesmus.
EVlT>ES'M.\JS,Epides' mis, Epides'mum, Super-
liga'men, from etrt, and ieta, ' I bind.' A fascia,
bandage or ligature, by which dressings are se-
cured.— Hippocrates.
EPIDID'YMIS, from tin, ' upon,' and i^ifo/wj,
' a testicle.' Epidid'ymus, Did'ymis. Parm'tala,
TcHtic'ulus accesso'rius, Caput testis. Corpus vnri-
co'snm seu variclfor'me testis, Siiperip'iiiinu'lis,
(F.) Corpus variqueux OU varici/oniie. That which
is placed upon the testicle. A small, oblong, ver-
miform, grayish body, lying along the superior
margin of the testicle. The Epididymis is a
canal formed by the union of all the seminiferous
vessels folded several times upon themselves,
after having traversed the Corpus Hli/hoii>ri<i'-
num. Its lower portion or tail, Cinidii seu ijhhia
seu caput minor, is curved upwards, and is con-
tinuous with the vas deferens ; the opposite ex-
tremity is called the \\e&A,<jlohus seu cfipiit mnjnr.
The length of this canal, folded as it is upon it-
self and describing numerous curvatures, is, ac-
cording to Munro, ?,2 feet.
EPIDIDYMITIS, Parastatitis — e. Blennor-
rhagie. Hernia humoralis.
EPID'OSIS, from tjri, 'upon,' and luhajii, |to
give.' Augmentation, increase. A word applied
to the natural increase of the body, or to the in-
crease of a disease.
EPID'ROME, Epidrnm'ia, Epiph'orn, from
£jrt(5pc;/(i», (tri, and ipcfiui, 'I run,')' I run upon.'
An afflux or congestion of humours. — Galen.
EPIDROMIA, Epidrome.
EPIFAGUS AMERICANUS, OrobancheVir-
giniana — e. Virginianus, Orobanehe Virgininnd.
EPIG^'A (properly EPKJE'A) REPENS,
(tTTi, 'upon,' and yn, 'the earth,' from it? traihng
growth. ) TraiUncj Ar'butiis, Ground Luiirtl,
Mayflower, called, by the Shakers, Gniielplnnl.
A small, trailing plant, of the Family ErieiiceiB,
which grows in sandy woods, or in rocky soil,
especially in the sh.ade of pines. Its flf>wers
appear in early spring, and exhale a rich, spicy
fragrance. The leaves and stems are prepared
and used like uva ursi. ,
EPIGASTRAL'GIA, from epigastrium, and
a\yoi. 'pain.' Pain at the epigastriuni.
EPIGAS'TRIC, Epigos'tricuH, Epiijoii'truit,
fromtTTj, 'upon,' and yaorrjp, ' the stomach.' This
name has been given to several parts.
Epigastric Ah'tery, Arte'ria epignu trtta,
Artere sus-pubieuiu, (Ch.) It arises from the
EPIQASTRICUS
345
EPILEPSY
ertnniol iliac, on a level with the crural arch ;
fdinetinica by a trunk proper to it, at others by
one common to it nnd the Ohturolur artery. It
a.«cen<]s upwards and inwards, behind the sper-
matic cord, foUows the outer edge of the rectus
abdominis muscle, and anastomoses, towards the
umbilicus, with the internal mammary. The
epigastric artery anastomoses, also, with the ob-
turator, spermatic, lumbar, and intercostal ves-
sels.
Epigastric Region, Regio epigns'trica seu cor-
di'acfi seu gtomach'ica seu stomncha'lis, is the
Fuperior region of the abdomen, comprised be-
tween the false ribs on each side, and extending
from the lower surface of the diaphragm to two
fingers' breadth above the umbilicus. It is
divided into three parts, one middle, the epigae'-
Iriiini, — and two lateral, the hypochon'dria.
Epigastiuc Vkin follows nearly the same course
us the artery.
EPIG.^STRICUS, Epigastric.
EPIGAS'TRIUM. Same etymon. The belly;
the epigastric region.
EPIUASTRICUS, Epigastric.
EPIGASTROCE'LE, from twi, yaarrip, 'the sto-
mach,' and KiiXri, 'a tumour.' Hernia, formed by
the stomach ; Gas'tmce'le. This name has been
given more especially to hernia, which occurs to-
wards the upper part of the linea alba or in the
epigastric region, whether formed or not by the
stomach.
EPIGEA, Epigaea.
EPIGENEMA, Epigenesis.
EPIGEN'ESIS, from tm, and ycveats, 'genera-
tion.' A theory of conception, according to which
the new being is created entirely anew ; and re-
ceives at once from each parent the materials
necessary for its formation. Also, a new forma-
tion.
Epigenesis, as well as Epigene'ma, or Epigen-
ne'mn, is, also, applied to any symptom occurring
during a disease, without changing its nature.
An accessory symptom. Epigiiiom'enos, Siiper-
ve'iiifim. has a similar acceptation.
EPIGINOMENOS, see Epigenesis.
EPIGLOT'TIC, Epii/lot'ticit8 : same etymon
as Epiglottis. Relating to the epiglottis.
Epiglottic Gla.vd, Perlglot'tia, Citro glandn-
'— A collection of small, glandular granula,
h
situate in the adipose, areolar texture at the
base of the anterior surface of the epiglottis, in a
triangular space, bounded anteriorly by the thy-
ro-hyoid membrane and thyroid cartilage. It
pours out an unctuous and mucous fluid, which
lubricates the epiglottis, keeps it supple and
movable, and prevents the larynx from being
irritated by the constant passage of the air, in
the act of respiration.
EPIGLOT'TIS, from tm, and yXurrij, 'the glot-
tis.' Epiglol'tic cartilage, Lig'ula, Operculum
Imjn'gin, Liiif/iia Ex'igiia, Li)i'gidu fm'inlcB, Siib-
Ini'f/Hiim, Siiperlig'ida. A tibro-eartilage, situate
at the upper part of the larynx, behind the base
of the tongue. Its form is oval ; texture elastic;
thicknes* greater below than above, and greater
in the middle than at the sides. By its smaller
extremity, which is the lower, it is attached to
the thyroid cartilage: its two surfaces are covered
by the mucous membrane of the pharynx and
larynx. The special use of the epiglottis would
seem to be to cover the glottis accurately ut the
moment of deglutition, and, (bus, to assist in op-
posing the passage of alimentary substances into
the air tul>es. I
EPKiLOTTI'TIS, Injlamma'tio Epiglot'tidis, \
Aiii/i'na epiglottide'a, (F.) fiiflomniation de I'Epi. i
gliiite. Iiirtammation of the epiglottis.
EPIGLOT'TUAL An instrument, mentioned
by Paracelsus, for raising the eyelids. It resem-
bled the epiglottis in shape.
EPIGLOU'TIS, from £7ri,and yXovru;, ' the but-
tocks.' The superior region of the nates. —
Gorra'us.
EPIGNA'THUS, from cri, 'upon,' and ■ "oSof,
'the jaw.' A double monster, in which an incom-
plete foetus is rooted, with its blood vessels in the
palate of one more complete.
EPIG'ONE, Gone, Jlypnph'yuig, Progen'iet,
Proles, Soh'oles, Snb'olex, from tin, and yovri,
'sperm.' Offspring. Progeny. Also, Superfoe-
tation.
EPIGONION, Foetus.
EPIGONIS. Patella.
EPIGONOX, Superfoetation.
EPIGOUNIS, Patella.
E/IGUXLS, Patella.
EPILA TOIRE, Depilatory.
EPILATORIUM, Depilatory.
EPILEMPSIS, Epilepsy.
EPILENTIA, Epilepsy.
EPILEPSIA, Epilepsy — e. Acuta Infixntum,
Eclampsia — e. Algetica, see Algos — e. Febrilis
infantum. Eclampsia — e. Kocturna, Incubus — e.
Puerilis, Eclampsia infantum — e. Saltatoria, Cho-
rea—e. Uterina, Lorind matricis.
EPILEPSIE, Epilepsy — e. Uterine, Hysteria
— e. Vertige, see Epilepsia.
EP'ILEPSY, 'itpri V0V3US, acXrivaia vovao^, Epi-
lep'nia, Epilcp'sia, Epihmp'sia, Epikn'tia, Sys-
pa'sia Epi'hpiiia, Catalcii'tia, J)ecidin'tiii, Paa'gio
cadi'va, Heracle'ua niorlim. Hierau'onun, Depre-
hen'eio, Clotios epilcp'sia, Prehen'sio, Perdit"io,
Epileji'tica jms'sio, Iforbiis c<»nit''iali8 seu cadu'-
ciw seu Ilercide'us seu sacer seu astra'lis seu
sidera'tiis sea danioiii'acus seu Sancti Johan'nia
seu. fcpdits seu punri'Us seu m<ignns seu major seu
interlu'nius seu divi'nua seu damo'uiits seu son'-
ticiis seu seleui'acns seu Inriat'icus seu rneuaa'lia
sen dei/'iciia seu scclea'tiis seu vilriola'tua seu
viridel'lua seu Sancti Valenli'iii, Midiim cadn'-
cum, Aualep'sia, Cafapto'ais, Jiisa'iiia cadi'va,
Apoplex'ia parva, Cadu'ca paa'sio, Luea divi'na,
Vit'ium cadu'cum seu divi'nnm seu Hcrrule'um,
Falling sickueas. Falling-down, (Old E.) Falland-
evyl, (F. ) Mai caduc ou diviii ou Saint-Jean ou
de Terre, Hautmal, Gotitte cadnque. The word
is derived from en-iXu/i/iavo), ' future,' tKi'Srupio,
{tJTi, and Xd^/Juvu), ' I seize.') ' I seize upon.' It is
a disease of the brain, which may either be idio-
pathic or symptomatic, spontaneous or accidental,
and which occurs in paroxysms, with uncertain
intervals between. These paroxysms are cha-
racterized by loss of consciousness and by con-
vulsive motions of the muscles. Frequently, the
fit attacks suddenly: at other times, it is pre-
ceded by indisposition, vertigo, and stupor. At
times, before the loss of consciousness occurs, a
sensation of a cold vapour is felt, hence called
aura epilep'tica. This appears to rise in some
part of the body, proceeds towards the head;
and as soon as it has reached the brain the
patient falls down. The ordinary duration of a
fit is from 5 to 20 minutes. Sometimes it goea
off in a few seconds; at others, it is protracted
for hours. In all cases, there is a loss of sensa-
tion, sudden falling down, distortion of the eyes
and face; countenance of a red, purple or violet
colour; grinding of the teeth; foaming at the
mouth; convulsions of the limbs; difficult respi-
ration, generally stertorous; with, sometimes, in-
voluntary discharge of fa-ces and urine. After
the fit, the patient retains not the least recol-
lection of what has passed, but remains, for
some time, affected with head-aoh, stupor, and
lassitude.
The disease is in the brain, and is generally
EPILEPTIC
346
EPIPIIYTE
organic ; hut it may be functional and sympto-
matic of irritation in other parts, as in the sto-
mach, bowels, <fec. The prognosis, as to ultimate
recovery, is unfavourable. It does not, however,
frequently destroy life, but is apt to lead to men-
tal imbecility. Dissection has not thrown light
on its patiiology.
To the attacks of epilepsy which are unaccom-
panied by convulsions, as is sometimes the case,
the French give the name Petit-mal, and Epi-
lepsie Vertifje, Cer'ehral EpUepmj. Fully formed
epilepsy is the Grand-mal of the French, Spinal
Epilepxy. When furious mania succeeds to a
paroxysm, it is termed Mania epileptica and
Epileptic Delirium.
In the treatment, the cause must be sought
after, and if possible removed. In the paroxysm,
but little can be done, but as the tongue is liable
to be injured by the teeth, the jaws may be kept
open by putting a cork or piece of wood between
them. If the fit has been brought on by indi-
gestible food, the stomach must be cleared. It
is between the paroxysms that the great effort
must be made. Generally, there is considerable
irritability and debility of the nervous system,
and hence tonics have been found the best reme-
dies. Of these, perhaps the most powerful, in
epilepsy, is the argenti nitras, given regularly
and continued for months, if necessary. Prepa-
rations of iron, copper, and zinc, have also been
used, and vegetable tonics and autispasmodics in
general. Counter irritants, as blisters, moxa,
Ac, may be employed, if necessary, along with
this course.
Unfortunately, in many cases, these means are
found insufficient, and all that can be done is to
palliate, removing carefully the exciting causes;
such as the use of spirituous liquors, strong emo-
tions, violent exercise, &c.; and regulating the
diet.
Epilepsy, Cerebral, see Epilepsy — e. Spinal,
see Epilepsy.
EPILEP'TIC, Epilep'ticHS, Epilep'tua, Lnnat'-
icun, Cndu'cans; same etymon. One aifected
■with epilepsy. Any thing relating to epilepsy ;
as an epiilep'tic individual ; an epilep'tic symp-
tom. Some authors also speak of epileptic reme-
dies.
EPILEP'TOID, EpileptoVdes ; same etymon.
Resembling epilepsy — as 'epileptoid symptoms.'
EPILO'BIUM ANGUSTIFO'LIUM, (from
em, Xo(iov, and lov, 'a violeton a pod,') Great Willow
herb. An indigenous plant, Order, Onagraceae,
which flowers in July. The root is emollient and
slightly astringent.
Epilobium Colora'tom, Purple-veined Willow
lierh, has similar properties.
EpiLOBiUJr ViLLO'sujf, a South African plant,
is used at the Cape of Good Hope as a domestic
remedy for cleansing foul ulcers.
EPIM'ANES, from CTttjiaivofiai, {cm, and fiaivo-
fiai, 'I am in a rage at.') A name given to a ma-
niac when in a paroxj'sm.
EPIMELE'TAI, from emiitXconat, (cki, and
/itXo), 'I take care,') 'I take care of.' A name by
which the ancient Persians called the curers of
wounds, who followed their armies.
EPIMOR'IOS, 'unequal;' from cm, and /atiooj,
'I divide.' An epithet applied to the pulse wlien
unequal. — Galen.
EPINARD, Spinacia — 6. Sauvage, Chenopo-
dium bonus Henricus.
EPINE, Spine — c. de Cerf, Rharanus — ^. du
Dos, Vertebral column — e. Gutturale, Nasal spine,
inferior and posterior — e. Sphenoidale, Sphenoi-
dal spine — S. Vinette, Oxyacantha Galeni.
EPINEMESIS, Dispensation.
EPINEPII'ELOS, Nubilo'sus. Presenting a
cloud. Applied to the urine. — Hippocrates.
EPINE UX, Spinous — ^. du Dos, grand, Spi-
nalis dorsi major: sec Interspinalos dorsi et luin-
borum — -e. du Dos, petit, see Interspinales dorsi
et lumborum.
EPINGLE, Pin.
EPINIERE, Spinal.
EPINOTION, Scapula.
EPINYC'TIDES, from cm, and vuf. vtxrof,
'the night.' Eruptions which appear on the .<kin
in the night, and disappear in the day. Pus'tula
livens et nov'tibus inquie'tans. — Pliny.
EPINYCTIS PKURIGINOSA, Urticaria.
EPIONE, Decidua.
EPIPAROXYS'MUS. A paroxysm super-
added to an ordinar}' paroxysm.
EPIPASTUM, Catapasma.
EPIPE'CHU, tTsiTT-n-xy, from cvi, and jri;;^;«f,
'the elbow.' The upper part of the elbow. The
part above the elbow. — Gorraeus.
EPIPEPHYCOS, Conjunctiva.
EPIPHiENOM'ENON, Post appn'rens, Epi-
phenom'enon ; same etymon as the next. Any
kind of adventitious symptom which occurs
during the progress of an aiTection ; and which
is not as intimately connected with the existence
of the disease as the symptoms properly so called.
EPIPHA'NIA, from cm, and <paivo), 'I exhi-
bit.' The external appearance of the body. —
Castelli.
EPIPHEGUS VIRGI-NIANA, Orobanche
Virginiana.
EPIPHENOMENON, Epiphicnomcnon.
EPIPH'LEBUS, from c^i, and 0>£i/., <p\clios,
'a vein.' An epithet given to those whose veins
are very apparent. — Hippoc, Aretaeus.
EPIPHLEGIA, Inflammation.
EPIPHLOGISMA, Erysipelatous inflamma.
tion.
EPIPHLOGOSIS, Hyperphlogosis.
EPIPH'ORA, Dncryno'ma, Lacryma'tio, De-
lacrymii'tio, Illacryma'tio, Stillicid'ium lacryma'-
rum, Oc'ulus lac'rymans ; from cTTi^cpw, (ciri, and
0£p(i),) 'I carry to.' Weeping. {¥.) Larmoitment.
The watery eye; — an involuntary and constant
flow of tears upon the cheek. It is almost always
symptomatic of some disease of the lachrymal
passages, and occurs when the tears cannot pacs
into the ductus ad nasum. Occasionally, it is
owing to the tears being secreted in too great
quantity; as in certain cases of ophthahuia. The
treatment must of course be directed to the re-
moval of the cause.
Epiphora, Epidrome, Ophthalmia — e. Alvi,
Diarrhoea— e. Ptyalismus, Salivation.
EPIPHYMATA, Cutaneous diseases.
EPIPH'YSIS, Additamen'tnm, from tjri, and
0t)w, 'I arise.' Any portion of a bone, separated
from the bo<ly of the bone by a cartilage, which
becoines converted into bone by ag«. The epi-
physis of the foetus becomes the apophysis of the
adult.
Epiphysis Cruris Longioris Incudis, Os or-
biculare.
EP'IPHYTE,£>)»>A'y<on, (pi. Epipl'yfa,]hom
cm, and (pvrov, 'a plant.' Phyto-panisite. A
parasite derived from the vegetable kingdom.
Epiphytes are divided by Vogel into, 1. Vegeta-
tions in the human fluids, as the tor'vla cerevis'ia
in vomited fluids, and faecal evacuations, and the
sar'ciiia yentric'nli. 2. Vegetations on the ex-
ternal skin and its appendages, as in tinea favosa,
mentagra, herpes tonsurans and plica polonica;
and, .3. Vegetations on the mucous membrane,—
as in the aphthae of children ; in the cicatrices of
the mucous membrane after typhus, &c. By
some, the term epiphytes is restricted to those
EPIPLASMA
347
EPISIONCUS
vegetaWe parasites which grow on tho surface of
the body.
EPIPLAS'MA, from ejri(rXa(T(rci),(£r7i,and rXoffo-u,
'I smear,') ' I plaster.' Cataplasm. Galen uses
it especially for an application of whcaten flour,
boiled in lii/drelieum, and applied to wounds.
EPIPLE'GIA, from £ti, and nXriyt], *a stroke.'
Paralysis of the upper extremities.
EP'iPLERO'SIS, from 4774, and TX»;pai«s, 're-
pletion. E.Kcessive repletion ; distension.
EPIP'LOCE, from tjri, and vXeKia, 'I twine.'
Coition. Entanglement.
Ei'Ip'loce Intksti.va'i.IS, Confjlomem'tio in-
tesliiio'ntm. Conglomeration of the intestines.
EPIPLOCE'LE, from epiploon, and Kn\ri, 'tu-
mour.' Epip'loic her'niit, Zirba'liH hernia, Her-
liin omenta Uk, Omentid hernia, (F.) Hemic lie
Vepiploon. Omental hernia is recognised — but at
times with difficulty — by a soft, unequal, pasty
tumour, in which no gurgling sound is heard on
pressing or reducing it. It is less dangerous than
hernia of the intestines.
EPIPLO-ENTEROCE'LE, from epiploon, tv-
Ttpui/, 'intestine,' and ktiXti, 'tumour.' Hernia,
formed by the epiploon aiid a portion of intes-
tine. It is more commonly called En'tero-epi-
ploce'le.
EPIPLOENTEROOSCIIEOCE'LE, Epiplo-
enteroichoce'le, from epiploon, cvrcpov, 'intestine,'
oaxtov, 'scrotum,' and Kr/Xr/, 'rupture.' Hernia
with omentum and intestine in the scrotum.
EPIP'LOIC, Epiplo'icus. Relating to the
epiploon.
Epiploic Appendages, Appendiculae pingue-
dinosaj.
Epiploic Ar'teries; Arte' rim EpipWica.
Tho arterial branches, which are distributed to
the epiploon, and which are given otT by the gas-
tro-epiploiesB. _
EPIPLO-ISCIIIOCE'LE, from epiploon, ttr^t-
ov, 'the ischium,' and (cijAiy, 'a tumour.' Hernia
formed by the epiploon through the ischiatic
notch.
EPIPLOI'TIS, from epiploon, and I'tis, deno-
ting inflammation. Inflammation of the omen-
tum ; Omenti'tis, Empresnia peritonitis omenta'lis,
Omcuti injlamma'tio, Enteri'tis epiploi'tis, Omen-
te'ais. A form of partial peritonitis.
EPIPLOMEROCE'LE, from epiploon, firipos,
'the thigh,' and kv^v, 'a tumour.' Femoral her-
nia, formed by the epiploon.
EPIPLOMPHALOCELE, Epiplomphalon.
EPIPLOM'PHALON, Epiplodm'phalon, Epi-
ploniphaldce'te, Hernia ninbilica'lin, from epi-
ploon, andofKpaXo s, 'the navel.' Umbilical hernia,
formed by the epiploon.
EPIPLOM'PIIRASIS, from epiploon, and cfi-
ippaaao), 'I obstruct.' Induration of the epiploon.
EPIPLOOCOMIS'TES, from epiploon, and
KOfit(w, 'I carry.' One who has the omentum
morbidly large. Also, one labouring under cpi-
plocele.
EPIP'LOON, jE'/ujoVomot, from tiri, 'above,' and
trXtu), 'I swim or float.' Omen'tum, Rete, Retic'-
vlnin ; Dcrtron; Zirhua, Gan'game, Gangamiun,
Operimen'tuni intestino'rtim, Snccnn epiploicns,
Sm,e'nn, The Caul, (Prov.) Flick, Web. A pro-
longation of the peritoneum, which floats above
a portion of the intestines, and is formed of two
membranous layers, with vessels and fatty bands
distributed through it. Anatomists have de-
scribed several epiploons. The uses of the omen-
tum are but little known. The chief one seems
to be, to retain the viscera in. situ, and to give
passage to vessels.
Epiploon, Colic, Colic Omen'tum, Omentum
en'licum. Third Epiploon or Omentum, is a dupli-
cature of the peritoueuui, situate along the as-
cending portion of the colon, as far ns its junc-
tion with the transverse portion. It is behind
the great epiploon, and fills up the angle formed
by the junction of the ascending with the trans-
verse colon. Its two laminae are separated by
colic arteries and veins.
Epiploon, G astro-Colic, Great Omentum,
Omentum yastro-co'licum seu majus, Peritonce'um
duplica'tum, Rete majns, Zirbux adipi'nus, con-
sists of an extensive duplicature, which is free
and floating on the folds of the intestines. It is
quadrilateral, and longer on the left side than on
the right: — its base being fixed, anteriorly, to
the great curvature of the stomach ; and, poste-
riorly, to the arch of the colon. It is formed of
two laminae, each consisting of two others. In
this epiploon a number of vessels is distributed,
and there is much fat.
Epiploon, Gastro-IIepatic, Leoser Omentum,
Omentum hep'ato-i/as'trieum sou minus, 3/eiuhrn'-
na macilen'tior, is a duplicature of the peritoneum,
which extends transversely from the right side
of the cardia to the corresponding extremity of
the fissure of the liver, and downwards from this
fissure to the lesser curvature of the stomach, the
pylorus and duodenum. Below it is the forcnueii
or hiatus of WiNSLOw; and between its lamina)
are lodged the biliary and hepatic vessels. It
contains but little fat. If air be ))lown in at the
foramen of Winslow, the cavity or sac of the omen-
tum, Sae'cus Peritoucs'i retroventriculo' ris, Bursa
omenta'lis, will be rendered perceptible.
Epiploon, Gastro- Splenic, Gantro- Splenic
Omentum, Omentum Gastro-sple'nicum. A reflec-
tion of the peritoneum, which passes between tlie
concave surface of the spleen and the stoniach,
from the cardiac orifice to near its great curva-
ture, and which lodges the vasa brevia and
splenic vessels between its laminae.
EPIPLOSARCOM'PHALUS, from epiploon,
nap^, aapKos, 'flesh,' and ofxipaKoq, 'the navel.'
Umbilical hernia, formed of indurated omentum.
EPIPLOSCIIEOCE'LE, Epip/osrhoee'le, from
epiploon, oa^eov, ' the scrotum,' and k^X';, 'tumour.'
Scrotal hernia, formed by a displacement of the
epiploon.
EPIPLOUM, Epiploon.
EPIPNOIA. Afflatus.
EPIPORO'MA, from e-mirupoia, (tjri, and rupoo),)
'I harden.' A tophaceous concretion which forms
in the joints. The callus of fracture.
EPIR'RHOE, Epirrhtv'a, from £ti, and peia,
'I flow.' Afflux or congestion of humours
Hippocrates.
EPIRRHCEA, Epirrhoe.
EPISARCIDIUM, Anasarca.
EPIS'CHESIS, Retention; from cntax't, 'I
restrain.' A suppression of excretions.
EPISCHET'ICUS; same etymon. Sistens,
Rep'rimens, Co'hibens. 'Restraining.' An agent
that diminishes — secretion, for example.
EPISCHION, Abdomen, Pubes, Pubis os.
EPISCOPALES VALVUL.^, Mitral valves.
EPISEIOX, Pubis (os). Vulva, Labium Pu-
dendi, Tressoria.
EPISEMA'SIA, from cmanpaivu), (nrt, and cTj/ia,
'a sign,') ' I afford some sign.' Semn'sia. It has
been used sj'nonymously with siyn, and also with
the invasion of an attack of fever. See Annotatio.
EPISIOCELE, see Hernia, vulvar.
EPISKEDE'MA, from cviatiov, (modern.) 'the
labium pudendi,' and oi6rina, 'oedema.' (Edema
of the labia pudendi.
EPISiOI'TIS, from tmauov, 'the labium pu-
dendi,' and itis, denoting 'inflammation.' In-
flammation of the labia pudendi.
EPISION, Episeion.
EPISIOX'CUS, Episiophy'ma, from ntrntiov,
EPISIOPHYMA
3 4 8
EPITHELIUM
(modern.) 'the labium pudendi,' and oyxos, 'a
tumour.' Tumor labio'nim. A swelling or tu-
m^iur of the labia pudendi.
EPISIOPHYMA, Episioncus.
EPIS[ORRnAG"IA, from £)T((7£iov,' the labium
pudendi,' and /jjy/;, ' rupture.' Hemorrhage from
tne labia pudendi.
EPISIOR'RHAPHY, EplHtorrhaph'ia, from
fiatiuv, ' the labium pudendi,' ' the vulva,' and
fd-prj, ' suture.' An operation practised in eases
of prolapsus uteri, which consists in paring the
opposing surfaces of the labia pudendi, bringing
tliem together and uniting them by suture, so as
to diminish the outlet of the vulva.
EPISPA'DIA ; Ili/peropa'dia ; same etymon
as the next. The condition of an Epispadias.
EPISPA'DIAS, EiiinpridifB'itu, Aucvipn' dias,
A'laspndim' lis, Hi/perspa'di'ts, Hyperspadioi'ns,
from eiti, 'above,' and anaiii, 'I draw.' The op-
posite to Hypospadias. One who has a preter-
natural opening of the urethra at the upper part
of the penis.
EPISPAS'^TICS, Epxspaa'tica, Vea'icaiita,
Ildc'tlca, (F.) Epinpastiqiies ; same etymon. An
epithet for every medicinal substance which,
when applied to the skin, excites pain, heat, and
more or less redness, followed by separation of
the epidermis, which is raised up by effused serum.
Cantharides and mustard are epispastics. See
Blister, and Derivative.
E/ISPASTICUM, Blister.
EPISPASriQUES, Epispastics.
EPISPASTUM, Catapasma.
EPISPIIiE'RIA,from £in,and(T0aipa, 'asphere.'
Some physiologists have applied this term to the
different convolutions and sinuosities presented
by the external surface of the brain.
EPISPlIACxISMOS, Signature.
EPISPLEXITFS, see Splenitis.
EPISTACTIS'CHBSrS, from ephtaxh, and
laX^i-v, ' to restrain.' Arrest of bleeding from the
nose.
EPISTAPHYLINI, see Azygos Muscle.
EPIS'TASIS, Insiden'tia, from em, and orau,
*I rest.' A substance which swims at the sur-
face of urine. It is opposed to the hypoatnaia or
sediment. Epistasis has also been employed
S3'nonymously with suppression.
EPISTAX'IS, from tm, and ara^to, 'I flow drop
by drop.' Hmniorrlimj" ia acti'va na'rium, H.
Dnrin'ea seu na'rium, Epislnx'ia junio'rum seu
arlerin'ed, Hop.morrhin'ia, HcBmorhu>orrhng"{n,
JfrBMdti'n'mua, Choiin(>rrhng"ia, Rhinorrhag"ia,
Slillirid' !um seu Stillti'tio Snng'uinia e nar'ibua,
Hmn'orrhnge from the pitu'itdry membrane, Bleed-
ing at the nose. Nosebleed, (F.) Hemorrhagie
iiaaale, Sdignement du nez, Hemorrhinie. This is
one of the most common varieties of hemorrhage;
the organization of the Sehneiderian membrane
being favourable to it, as the blood-vessels are
but slightly supported. It does not generally
flow from both nostrils, and is very apt to recur.
Puberty is the period at which it is most common.
Its exciting causes are: — any thing that will
induce local congestions, as running, coughing,
blowing the nose, Ac, provided there be a pre-
disposition to it. A common case of epistaxis re-
quires but little treatment, especially if in a
young person. Light diet and a dose or two of
the sulphate of magnesia will be sufficient. In
more severe attacks, cold and astringent washes
of alum, »ilphate of zinc, weak sulphuric acid,
or creosote, may be used, and tiie nostrils be
plugged anteriorly; but if the bleeding goes on
posteriorly, the posterior nares must be plugged
likewise, — the patient being kept with the head
raised. The flow of blood has been arrested by
directing the patient to stand up with his head'
elevated, compressing the nostril whence the
blood flows with the finger, raising the corre-
sponding arm perpendicularly, and liolding it in
this position for about two minutes. A less
vigorous circulation through the carotids a))pear3
to result from the increased force reipured to
carry on the circulation through the upper ex-
tremities when raised. — Negrier. To prevent
the recurrence, strict diet must be inculcated.
EPISTER'NAL, Epistcma'lis, from en,, and
cTcpvov, ' the sternum.' An epithet aiiplied to two
bones which form part of the sternum, and are
situate upon its superior and lateral part. In the
young subject, they are attached to the sternum
by a synovial membrane, and a fibrous capsule.
They have somewhat the appearance of the pisi-
form bones, but are of a greater size.
According to Professor Owen, the piece of a
segment of an articulate animal, which is imme-
diately above the middle inferior piece or sternum.
EPISTHOT'ONOS, from e^iaOcv, 'forwards.*
and reivoi, ' I extend.' A spasm of the muscles,
drawing the body forwards. The word empros-
thotonns is more commonly employed.
EPISTROPHE, Relapse.
EPISTROPHEUS, Axis.
EPISTROPHUS, Axis.
EPISYNAN'CHE, (trrt, and synanrhe or cynnn.
che,) Episynangi'na. A Greek word, used by a
modern writer for spasm of the pharynx, by
which deglutition is prevented, and the solid and
liquid food driven back towards the mouth or
nasal fossae.
EPISYNTHET'IC, Episynthet'icna, from tiri-
(TvvTi^rjui, {trt, avv, and Tidtjjii,) 'to collect, accu-
mulate.' The name of a medical sect, whose ob-
ject it was to reconcile the principles of the Me-
thodists with those of the Empirics and Dogma-
tics. Loonides of Alexandria seems to have been
one of the first partisans of this sectj of which
we know little.
EPIT'ASIS, from etti, and rttvtir, 'to extend.'
The period of violence of a fever, (Febris inten'-
aio,) attack or paroxysm ; sometimes it is used in
the same sense as epistasis, for ' auppreaaion.'
EPITELTUM, Epithelium.
EPITHE'LIAL, Epithelia'lia ; same etymon
as epiehelium. Appertaining or relating to the
epithelium, — as epithelial cells, and scales.
Epithelial Cancrr, Cancroid of the ahin,
Epithelio'ma, Carcijio' ma epithelio'des, is a morbid
growth of epithelial cells ; forming an epithelial
tumour, which, by some, is regarded as carci-
noma. See Cancroid.
EPITHELIOMA, Epithelial cancer.
EPITHE'LIUM, Epite'lium. Epiihe'lia, Epi-
the'lia, Endepiderm'is, from tJri, and iri\ri, 'a
nipple.' The thin layer of epidermis, which
covers parts deprived of derma, properly so
called, — as the nipple, mucous membranes, lips,
&o. Modern histological researches have shown
that it exists, in differentforms. pavement, cylinder,
and vibratile or ciliated epithelium. Tesselated,
pavement, scaly, Inmel'lar, tu'bnlar, or Jlalt'ened
epithelium, Epith<4inm polyed'ricnm, and E. la-
mello'aum, (F.) Epithelium jiavimenteiiJi-, covers the
serous and synovial membranes, the lining of
blood-vessels, and the mucous membranes, except
where cylinder epithelium exists. It is spread
over the mouth, pharynx and oesophagus, con-
junctiva, vagina, and entrance of the female
urethra. Cylinder, C(dum'uar or Prismal'ic epi-
thelium, Epithe'lium cylin'dricnm, (F.) Epitheliiiin
cylindriqne is found in the intestinal canalf
beyond the cardiac orifice of the stomach; in the
larger ducts of the salivary glands ; in the ductus
communis choledochus, prostate, Cowper's glands,
vesiculae seminales, vas deferens, tubuli uriniferi,
EPITHEM
849
EQUIVOROUS
and urethra of the male ; and lines the urinary
passages of the female, from the orifice of the
urethra to the beginning of the tubuli uriniferi
of the kidneys. In all these situations, it is con-
tinuous with tesselated epithelium, which lines
the more delicate ducts of the various glands.
For the uses of the ciliated epithelium, Epithe-
lium vihraiis, see Cilia.
Mr. Bowman has applied the term spheroidal
to a variety of epithelium, the cells of which, for
the most part, retain their primitive roundness ;
or, being flattened where they touch, acquire a
polyhedral figure. At times, these show a dis-
position to pass into the columnar, or the tesse-
lated variety ; and, hence, this form has been
called the trnnnt"ion(d. The spheroidal epithe-
lium is found in the urinary passages, where it
succceils the columnar epithelium of the urethra
at the internal orifice of that canal, and lines the
whole of the bladder, ureters and pelves of the
kidneys. It is found, also, in the excretory ducts
of the mammary, perspiratory, and of many
mucous, glands; and a modification of it lines the
inmost secreting cavities or commencing ducts of
glands generally.
EP'ITlIflM, Epith'ema or Epithe'mn, from stti,
and Ti^rifii, ' I put.' This terra is applied to every
topical ai)plication, which cannot be classed
either under ointments or plasters. Three sorts
of epitheins have been usually distinguished, —
the liqiiiil, drtf, and soft, which comprise fomen-
tations, hags filled with dry substances, and cata-
plasms.
EPITH'ESIS. Same etymon. The rectifica-
tion of crooked limbs by means of instruments.
EPITIIYM'IiE, from cni, and 0u/ioj, 'desire.'
Morbid desires or longings.
EPITIIYMIAMA, Fumigation.
EPITIIYMUM, Cuscuta epithymum — e. Offi-
cinarum, Cuscuta Europasa.
EPITROCII'LEA, from cm, and rpoxnXta, 'a
pulley.' (F.) Epitrochlee. That which is situate
above a pulley. Chaussier gives this name to the
unequal, round protuberance situate on the inside
of the inferior extremity of the humerus above its
articular trochlea. It is the part usually called
the inner or lesser condi/le of the humerus. From
it originate several muscles of the forearm, to
which it has given part of their names, according
to the system of Chaussier.
EPITROCflLO- CARPI- PALMATRE, Pal-
roaris longus — e. Ouhito-carpien, see Cubital mus-
cles— i. }[etitcarpien, Palmaris magnus — e. Pha-
langinien commnn, Fle.Kor sublimis perforatus —
i. Radial, Pronator radii teres.
EPIZO'A, (sing. Epizo'on), (F.) Epizoaires, Ec-
toparasites, from £jrt, and ^uiov, ' an animal.' Para-
sitic animals, which infest the surface of the body,
or the common integument.
EPIZOO'TIA, Epizooty, (F.) Epiznote. Same
etymon. A disease which reigns amongst ani-
mals. It corresponds, in the veterinary art, to
epidemy in medicine.
EPIZOOT'IC, ^^jizoo7'ici(», same etymon. Ec-
lating or appertaining to an epizooty, — as an
'epizootic aphtha.'
EP'OCHE, from tvi, and e^^u, 'to have or to
hold.' Doubt, suspension of judgment — Snspen'sa
aenten'tia. Sometimes employed in the same
sense as epischesis or suppression.
EPOCHETEUSIS, Derivation.
EPODE. Incantation.
EPO'MIS, Siiperhumera'le, from nt, and <i>/io;,
'the shoulder.' The acromion. The upper part
of the shouhlor. — Hippocrates, Galen.
EPO.MPII.VLICIT.M, Epomphalium.
EPOMPIIALION. Uterus.
EPOMPIIA'LIUM, Epomp>hal' icum, from tn,
and oii<tia\og, 'the navel.' A medicine, which,
when placed upon the umbilicus, moves the belly.
— Paulus of jEgina.
EPONGE, Spongia— ^. d'Eylantier, Bedegar.
EPOQUES, Menses.
EPOSTOMA, Exostosis.
EPOSTOSIS, Exostosis.
EPREINTES, Tenesmus.
EPSEMA, Decoction,
EPSESIS, Decoction, Elixatio.
EPSOM, MINERAL WATERS OF. Epsom
is a town in Surrey, about 15 miles from London.
The water is a simple saline ; — consisting chiefly
of sulphate of magnesia, which has consequently
received the name of Epsom salts, though no
loYiger prepared from the Epsom water.
EPUISEMENT, Exhaustion.
EPU'LIS, from etti, and ov\ov, 'the gum.'
Odon'tia excres'cens, Sarco'ma epu'lis, Ulon'ciis,
Excrescen'tin gingi'vcB. (F.) Epulide, Epulie.
An excrescence on the gum, sometimes ending in
cancer.
EPULOSIS, Cicatrization.
EPULOTICA, Cicatrisantia.
EPURGE, Euphorbia lathyris.
EQUAL, uEqu(t'lis. An epithet applied parti-
cularly to the pulse and to respiration. The pulse
and respiration are equal, when the pulsations
and inspirations which succeed each other are
alike in every respect.
EQUILIB"'RIUM, from (pqnus, 'equal,' and
lihrare, 'to weigh.' In medicine, this word is
sometimes used to designate that state of organs,
fluids and forces, which constitutes health.
EQUINA CAUDA, see Cauda Equina.
EQUI'NIA, from equinus, 'belonging to a
horse.' Glanders, (Y.) Morve. A dangerous con-
tagious disorder, accompanied by a pustular erup-
tion, which arises from inoculation with certain
diseased fluids generated in the horse, the ass and
the mule. Two forms are met with, — E. mitia,
contracted from horses affected with grease, and
E. glandnlo'aa, a dangerous and commonly fatal
disease communicated to man, either in the acute
or chronic form, from the glandered horse. Tho
veterinary surgeons make two varieties of the
disease in the horse — Glanders, Ma'lia, Malias'-
mns, ^[a'lie, Jfalis, Jfalleus ; and Farcy glanders,
Farcino'vm, Farci' men, Mnl'lens fnrciinino'sns,
Morbus farciminn'sns, Cachex' la lymphat'ica fnr-
ciniino'sa, (F.) Jlorve farci neuse. Farcin; — the
former affecting the pituitary membrane and oc-
casioning a profuse discharge from the nostrils,
with pustular eruptions or small tumours, which
soon suppurate and ulcerate, being attended by
.symptoms of malignant fever and by gangrene
of various parts: — the latter being the same
disease, but appearing in the shape of smnll
tumours about the legs, lips, face, neck, &,c. of the
horse; sometimes very painful, suppurating and
degenerating into foul ulcers. They are often
seen together.
The mild cases require little treatment but rest;
the more severe genonilly resist all remedies.
EQUISETUM ARVEN.SE, &e., see llippuris
vulgaris — e. Minus, llippuris vulgaris.
EQUITA'TION, Eqnita'tio, Hlppei'a, Hippn'.
sia, Hippeu'sis, from eqnitare, eqnitatnin, ' to ride
on horseback.' Horseback exercise. A kind of
exercise, advisable in many diseases, although
improper in others — in uterine affections, for in-
stance. It has been much recommended in
phthisis pulmonalis. It is less fatiguing th.ia
walking, and consequently more available in dis-
ease. But to prevent disease, where much exer-
cise is required, the latter is preferable.
EQUIVOROUS, Equiv'orua, Hippoph'agoua,
EQUIVOCAL
350
ERGOTINE
from eqtiue, 'a horse,' and voro, 'I devour.'
Feeding or subsisting on horseflesh.
EQUIVOCAL, &/in"i;'(»oi(s, from «7Ht/«, 'equal,'
and vox, vocis, 'voice.' Those symptoms are oc-
casionally so denominated which belong to seve-
ral diseases. Generation is said by some to be
' equivocal,' when it is, or seems to be, spontaneous.
See (feneration.
EQUUS, Hrppus.
ARABLE, Acer saccharinum.
ERADICA'TION, Eradica'tio, from e, 'from,'
and radix, radicis, 'a root.' The act of rooting
out, or completely removing a disease.
ERAD'ICATIVE, Et-ndi'cans: same etymon.
Any thing possessed of the power of completely
rooting out a disease.
ERAILLEMEXT DBS PAUPIERES, Ec-
tropion.
ERCLE, Blister.
EREBINTHUS, Acer arietinum.
ERECTEUR DU PENIS, Ischio-cavernosus.
ERECHTHI'TES IIIERACIFO'LIA, Sene'eio
hieraci/o'h'us, Fireweed. An indigenous plant.
Order Compositae, which flowers from July to
September. It is said to be an acrid tonic, and
astringent, and in large doses emetic.
ERECTILE TISSUE, Tela seu Textua erec'-
tilis, from erigere, erectum, (e, and rigere,) ' to
erect,' ' to become erect.' A tissue, whose prin-
cipal character is, to be susceptible of dilatation,
i. e. of turgescence and increase of size. It is
formed of a collection of arteries and veins, in-
termixed with nervous filaments ; which form,
by their numerous anastomoses, a spongy sub-
stance, whose areolifi communicate with each
other. Smooth muscular fibres have been de-
tected in it. This tissue exists in the corpora
cavernosa of the penis and clitoris, at the lower
and inner surface of the vagina, in the spongy
part of the urethra, the lips, nipples, iris, <fec.
Sometimes it is developed accidentally, and con-
stitutes a kind of organic transformation.
ERECTION. Erec'tio, Ari-ec'tio; same ety-
mon. The state .of a part, in which, from having
been soft, it becomes stiff, hard, and swollen by
the accumulation of blood in the areolae of its
tissue, as in the case of the penis — Slym<i, Sti/sis.
ERECTOR CLITORIDIS, Ischio-cavernosus
— e. Penis, Ischio-cavernosus.
EREMACAU'SIS, (F.) ErSmacnmie, from
cprjuoi, 'waste,' and navais, 'combustion.' A term
applied by Liebig to the slow combustion, oxida-
tion, or decay of organic matters in the air.
EREMIA, Acinesia.
EREFSIPELE, Erysipelas.
ERETHILYTICUM H^MATOLYTICUM,
Spanamie.
ER'ETHISM, Erethh'mva, Erethis'ii, Irrita-
men'tiim, Irrita'tio, (F.) Erethisvie, from epcSi^o),
' I irritate.' Irritation. Augmentation of the
vital phenomena in any organ or tissue. Orgasm.
Under this name, Mr. Pearson has described a
state of the constitution produced by mercury
acting on it as a poison. He calls it Jlercu'rial
Er'ethium or Erethis'mtts. It is characterized by
great depression of strength; anxiety about the
pr.ecordia; irregular action of the heart: fre-
quent sighing ; tremors; small, quick, sometimes
intermitting pulse ; occasional vomiting ; pale,
ciintracted countenance, and sense of coldness ;
bi'.t the tongue is seldom furred, nor are the vital
and natural functions much disturbed. In this
state any sudden exertion may prove fatal.
ERETHISMA, Rubefacient.
ERETHISMUS, Erethism, Irritation— e. Ebrio-
sorum, Delirium tremens — e. Hydrophobia, Hy-
drophobia— e. Oneirodynia, Incubus, Paroniria —
e. Simplex, Fidgets.
ERETHISTICITS, Erethiticus, Rubefacient.
ERETHIT'IC, Erethifics, Ercthin' tints. Be-
longing or relating to erethism — as "cretbitio
phenomena," or phenomena of irritation.
ERETJSME, Erethism.
EREUGMOS, Eructation.
EREUXIS, Eructation, Flatulence.
ERGASMA, Myrrha.
ERGASTERION SPIRITUS, Pulmo.
ERGASTERIUM, Laboratory.
ERGOT, (F.) Ergot, 'a spur.' Er'gota, Seca'li
cornii'tum seu mater'miin seu tiir'gidiim seu temu-
lent'nm seu luxn'rians seu tlava'tiuit, Clams Kern-
li'nus seu seca'Us seu Silig" iiiis, Spcrmue'ilia
clavus, Ifciler seca'Us, Calear, Seca'Us mater, i't.
tila'go, Frnmen'ium cornii'tum seu coriiieula'tiim
seu luxn'rians seu tur'gidian seu tcniuleii'tum,
Brizoc'eras [?], Melatiophi/'ma, Spurred or Iloriicd
Rye, Spur, Hornseed, Cochspur Rye, Cdchxjuir,
(F.) Seigle ergote ou coruu ou corrompu ou il
Eperon ou Ergotise, Ble coruu. Ergot ou clou ou
rucre de seigle, Bled avorte ou farouche, Fanx
seigle. Ergot is generally considered to be the
result of a disease in rye, occurring most fre-
quently when a hot summer succeeds a rainy
spring. Deeandolle, however, regards it as a
parasitic fungus, and calls it Sclero'tium davits;
whilst Leveille esteems it to be a fungus giving
a coating to the diseased grain; the medical vir-
tues residing in the coating. This parasitic
fungus he calls Sphace'Un seg"etum. More re-
cently, it has been maintained, that it is a dis-
eased state of the grain occasioned by the growth
of a fungus not previously detected, to which the
names Ergota'tia abortans seu ahortifa'ciens, O'i-
dium al/orti/a'cieus. Ergot-mould, have been given.
It is found projecting from among the leaves of
the spike or ear, and is a long, crooked excres-
cence, resembling the spur of a cock, pointed at
its extremities, of a dark brown colour externally,
and white within.
This substance has been long used in Germany
to act on the uterus, as its names Mutterkorn
and Gebarpulver ('womb-grain,' ptdvis par-
turieus, pulvis ad partum) testify. Upwards of
forty years ago, it was recommended in this
country, by Dr. John Stearns, of Saratoga County,
New York, for accelerating parturition ; and since
that period, numerous testimonials have been
off'ered in its favour. Half a drachm of the
powder is gently boiled in half a pint of water,
and one-third part given every 20 minutes, until
proper pains begin. Some recommend the clear
watery infusion ; others advise the powder; others
the oil; and others the wine. It is obvious that,
in many cases, the uterine efforts would return in
the period which would necessarily elapse in the
administration of ergot; so that several of the
cases, at least, of reputed efiicacy, may not have
been dependent upon the assigned agent. Ergot
also possesses, it is affirmed, narcotic virtues,
which have rendered it useful in hemorrhagic
and other affections of excitement.
Bread, made of spurred rye, has been attended
with the effects described under Ergotism.
ERGOT, Hippocampus minor — e. de Sei'jh,
Ergot.
ERGOT-MOULD, see Ergot.
ERGOTA, Ergot.
ERGOTtETIA ABORTANS, see Ergot — e.
Abortifaeiens, see Ergot.
ER'GOTIN, Extrac'tum Er'gota, Ertrnrt nf
Ergot, (F.) Ergotiue, Exfrait lirmostatiifie de
Bonjean. The extract of ergot has been found
an excellent hemastatic in the dose of two grnins
several times a day. It has also been used ex-
ternally.
ERGOTINE, Ergotin.
ERGOTISM
851
ERUPTION
ER'QOTISM, ErgntWmu*, from ergota, 'ergot'
Miirbnn cere.fi'iia. Poisoning by ergot. An affec-
tion produced by the use of spurred rye. At
times, the gyuiptoms are limited to vertigo,
spasms, and convulsions. See ConvuLsio cerealis.
Most commonly, there is torpor with numbness
of the .hands and feet, which waste away, lose
Bensati<m and the power of motion, and separate
from the body by dry gangrene, — Rrf/ntis'iniis
Sphncelit'Kua, Sphnc"elns cerea'lin, Necio'aia ce-
rea'lh, OnugrcB'iin ttntilae/in'ea, Necronis nstila-
gin'ea, Erijot or Mildew mortification, (F.) Ergo-
limne gnugreneux, Gangrene des Solo7ioi», Mai de
l^u/ogiie.
ERGOriSME CONVULSIVE, Convulsio ce-
realis.
ERGOTISMUS, Ergotism — e. Spasmodicus,
Convulsio cerealis — e. Sphacelosus, Ergotism.
ERI'CA VULGA'RIS, Calln'na vnlgn'ris seu
Eri'cn, Common Heath, (Sc.) I/c/ilher, (F.) Urut/ere
vit/gnire. This has been regarded as diuretic and
diaphoretic.
ERKJERON AMBIGUUM, E. Philadelphicum
— e. Annuura, see E. Canadense.
ERr(}"KRON BELLIDIFO'LIUM, liohin'e
plantain, Romj Bcltij, (r/inycpuv, from rip, 'spring,'
and ycfiwv, 'an old man ;' owing to the hoary
appearance of some of the vernal species.) An.
indigenous plant of the Coinposite/f/)Hi7// ; flower-
ing in May. It is said to possess properties like
those of E. Philadelphicum.
EuiGlCRON Canapkn'se, Can'adn Fleahnne,
Prideweed, Horeeioeed, Bntterweed, is considered
to be allied in properties to E. Philadelphicum;and
the same may be said of Erigeron Heterophil" bim.
E. unnnnm. Sweet Sca'bious or varioiix-leaved
Fleabnne ; all of which are in the secondary list
of the Pharmacopoeia of the United States.
Ekigkuon HKTEitopiiVLi.uM, sec E. Canadense
— e. Integrifoliura, E. Philadelphicum.
Eiiig"kron PHiLADKL'PHictiM, E. strigo'nnm
sen amhlg'nnm sou interirifo'linni, Srabioiia, Ske-
r!»ch, Philadelphia or Skevinch or Narroic-l caved
Flen-Bane, Daini/, Cocash, Frostweed, Ficldweed,
Sqnaw-weed, (F.) Vergerette de Philadelphie.
The plant has been used in decoction or infusion
for gouty and gravelly complaints, and is said
to operate powerfully as a diuretic and sudorific.
The essential oil has been given in uterine he-
morrhage. Dose, five drops.
Erigeron Strigosum, E. Philadelphicum,
ERIGERUM, Senecio.
illlGNE, Hook.
tRINE, Hook.
ERIOCEPH'ALUS UMRELLULA'TUS, Wild
Romi'mary. A South African shrub, Ord. Com-
positiv, which is diuretic, and used by the farmers
and Hottentots in various forms of dropsy.
ERIOSPERM'UM LATIFO'LTUM. A South
African plant, the tuber of which is muculent,
and used externally in abrasions of the skin, and
in superficial ulcers. It is also employed by the
Mohammedans, in decoction, in amcnorrhoea.
ERIX, f^if. This word signifies, in Galen, the
upper part of the liver.
EROUENS, Caustic.
ERODIUM MOSCHATUM, Geranium mos-
chiitum.
ERO.MAXTA, Erotomania.
ERON'OSUS, £'ro»u'«os, from r\p, 'spring,' and
voffoj or vov<so%, 'disease.' A disease which ap-
pears chieHy in spring.
EROS. Love.
EROSIO, Corrosion — e. et Perforatio sponta-
nea Ventriculi, Gastromalncia,
ERO'SION, Ero'nio, Diahro'tit, Anahro'sis,
Corro'tion. from emdere, erosiim, (e, and rodere,)
'to eat away.' The action of a corrosive sub-
stance, or the gradual destruction of a part by a
substance of that kind. It is often einpltiyed in
the same sense as ulceration, — xpotitauconH croxion.
Erosion, Gangrenous, ok the Cheek, Cancer
aquaticus.
EROT'IC, Ero'ticns, from cpw;, cpoiTos, 'love.'
That which is produced by love — as Erotic mv-
lancholy, E. delirium, &c.
EROTICOMANIA, Erotomania.
EROTION, Melissa.
EROTOMA'NIA, Eroma'nia, Ma'nia erot'ica,
from epiiis, tpuros, 'love,' and navia, 'mania.' A
species of mental alienation caused by love. Ero-
tic melancholij is Lore melancho/i/. Some authors
write it Erol'ieo-mania. Also, Nymphomania.
ERPES, Herpes.
ERRABUXDUS, Planetes.
ERRAT'IC, Errat' ieuH, Atac'toH, At'ypog ; from
errare, erratum, 'to err.' Wandering, irregular.
That which disafiijcars and recurs at irregular
intervals. This name is given to intenuittents,
Febres errat'iccB, which observe no ty|)e. Most
commonly, it is applied to pains or to any dis-
eased manifestations which are not fixed, but
move from qne part to another, as in gout, rheu-
matism, ervsipelas, <tc.
ERREf'R DE LIEU, Error loci.
ER'RHINE, Errhi'niim or Er'rhinum, Sternn~
tato'rium, Ster'nutatori/, Ptar'mictim, Apnphleg-
mafiaans per nares, Naxa'le, from tv, 'in,' and
piv, 'the nose.' A remedy whose action is ex-
erted on the Schneiderian membrane, exciting
sneezing and increased discharge. Errhincs have
been mainly used as local stimulants in head
affections. The chief are: Asari Folia, Euphor-
biiB gummi-resina, Hydrargyri sulphas fluvus,
Tabacum, and Veratrum album.
ERRHINUM, Sternutatory.
ER'RHYSIS, from tv, 'in,' and ptu, 'I flow.'
With some, a draining of blood. A trifling he-
morrhage.
ERROR LOCI, Apoplane'nis, (F.J Errenr de
Lien. A term, frequently used by Boerhaave to
express deviation of fluids, when they enter ves-
sels not destined for them. Boeihaave admitted
several orders of capillary vessels, the diameters
of which went on decreasing. The largest re-
ceived red blood, those which came next re-
ceived only white, others only lymph, whilst the
lastof iill were destined for yet more subtle fluids
— for a kind of vapour. When the red globules
entered vessels destined for the white, or the
white those intended for the thinner fluids, there
was, according to the theory of Boerhaave, an
error loci, the proximate cause of inflammation
and other mischiefs. See Aberration.
ERUCA, Brassica eruca, Sinapis — e. Barbarea,
Erysimum barbarea — e. Foetida, Brassica eruca — ■
e. Sativa, Brassica ernca.
ERUCTA'TION, Bncta'tio, Ereug'mun, Er'yge,
Eriicta' tin, Jinctui, liui-ta' men, linctna' tio,
Erenx'is, Restagna'tio, (Old. Eng.) Bolke, Donffe,
Belke, (Sc.) Boding, Bokhing, limhing. Rift,
(Prov.) Kelking, Baxping, Rosping, Riring, Rnft
(N. of England) ; from crnelare, erncla'tnm, (e,
and rnctare, 'to belch.') Belching, (F.) Rot,
Rapport. A sonorous emission, by the mouth,
of flatus proceeding from the stomach. When so
fre(]uent as to occasion a diseased condition, this
is termed Rnrtno'sitnn, Morbus ruct)to'iiuii.
ERUGATORIA, Tetanothra.
ER UGLVEUX, iEruginous.
ERUPTIO. Eruption— e. Exanthematis, Epa-
nastasis — e. Sanguinis. Haeniorrhagia.
EB.VP'TIO'S ^ Erup'tio. from emmpere, ernp-
tum. (e, and rnmpere.) 'to issue with violence,'
'to break out,' This word has several meanings.
1. The sudden and copious evacuation of any fluid
from a canal or cavity — of serum, blood, pus, &c.,
J^' R UP TION A X 0 MA L E
8 5 2
ERYTHEMA
for example ; 2. The breaking out of an exan-
them ; and, 3. the exantheiu itsejf, whether
simply in the form of a rash, or of pustules,
vesicles, Ac.
ERUPTrON ANOMALE, Roseolae — e. Ro-
sace, RoseoljB — e. Violet, lonthus.
ERUP'TIVE, Erupti'vita. Same etymon as
Eruption. Tliat which is accompanied by an erup-
tion. Thus small-pox, measles, scarlet fever, mili-
aria, (fee are eruptive fevem. The term eniptive dis-
ease is nearly synonymous with cutaneous disease.
ERVA DE SANCTA MARIA, Arum Dracuu-
culus — e. do Halo, Palieourea Marcgraavii.
ERVALKNTA, see Ervum.
ERVUM, E. Ervil'ia, E. plica'tum, Vic"ia er-
vil'ia, Or'ohiis, (F.) LentiUc Ers ou Orobe. In
times of scarcity, the seeds have been made into
bread, but it is said not to be wholesome. The
meal was once much used in poultices: it was for-
merly called Oroh'ion, opo(Siov. Under the name
Ervalent'a, a secret dietetic preparation has been
introduced. It is a vegetable powder, which,
when mixed with milk and soup and taken night
and morning, is said to have succeeded in remo-
ving old and obstinate obstructions ! Buchner
thinks it is bean -meal, Ditterich, the meal of the
seed of Ervum Ervilia. — Aschenhrcnner.
A specimen of Warton's Ercnleiita, obtained at
the depot, and analyzed by Dr. Ilassall, was found
to contain a mixture of the French and German
lentil, reduced to powder, including portions of
the shells or husks, and of a substance very
closely resembling, in its microscopic characters,
corn meal. A sample of Du Barry's lieixden'tn
Arah'icn was found to consist of a mixture of the
Egyptian or Arabian lentil and barley meal.
ErtvuM Euvii.iA, Ervum.
Ekvum Lens, Cicer Lena, Lens escnlen'ta,Plincos,
the Lenfil, (F.) LentiUe. The seed, Phace, Pha'-
cea, Plincna, is eaten in many places like peas:
they are flatulent and diSicult of digestion.
Ervum Plicatum, Ervum.
ERYOE, Eructation.
ERYNGIUM, Hpvyytov, Upvyyos, see E. Aquat-
icum.
Eryn'gium kciv \.T:'icv!M,E. yuecrp/o'linm. Water
Eryn'go, Button Snake Root. Order, Umbelliferaj.
This root, Enjn'gium, (Ph. U. S.,) is nearly allied
to the eontrayerva of the shops, and acts more
especially as a sudorific. It is a secondary article
in the Pharm. U. S.
EnVNGlUM Campes'tre, E. vulgn're, Centum
Cap'ita, Lyrin'gium, Aster inquina'lis, Capit' n-
htm Mortis, Acns Ven'eris, (F.) Panicant, Char-
don-Rolond, is sometimes used for E. maritimum.
Eryngium FaETiDU>f; indigenous, is said to
possess properties like those of valerian and eon-
trayerva.
Eryngium Martt'imum seu Mari'num. The
Sea Hoil'i or Eryngo, jEthe' rea Herbn, (F.) Pa-
nicant Maritime. Eryngo root has a slightly aro-
matic odour, and sweetish and warm taste. It is
considered to be diuretic and expectorant, but its
powers are so weak, that it is scarcely ever used.
Eryngium Vulgare, E. Campestre — e. Yuccae-
folium, E. aquaticum.
ERYNGO, SEA, Eryngium maritimum — e.
Water, Ervn^ium aquaticum.
ERYS'IMUM, E. officinale, from epuu, 'to
draw,' from its power of raising blisters. Sisym'-
hrinm officina'le, Chamcr.' plion. Hedge-mustard,
(F.) Velar, Tortelle, Herbe aii.c Chantres. This
was, formerly, much used for its expectorant and
diuretic qualities. The seeds greatly resemble
mustard.
Erysimum Alliaria, Alliaria.
Erysimum Barbare'a, E. lyra'tnm, Ar'nhis
harhare'a, Sixymbrinm barbare'a, Eru'ca barba-
re'a, Barbare'a, B. stric'ta, (F.) Ilerbe de Sainte
Barbe, has been ranked amongst the antiscor-
butic plants. See Alliaria.
Erysimum CoRniFOLiUM, Alliaria — e. Lyratum,
E. barbarea.
ERYSIPELA'CEA. S.ame etymon as the next.
A family of eruptive diseases, comprising erysi-
pelas, variola, rubeola, and scarlatina.
ERYSIP'ELAS, from epvu, 'I draw in,' and
TTtAuf, ' near,' from its tendency to spread. Fvhris
erysipeliito'sa seu erysipela'cea, Erylliroji'ipn^
Em'pli/yxis Erysip'elas, St. Antliony's fue, Wild-
fire. Ignis Sancti Anto'nii seu Voliiiii>l'la> .«i>u
Sacer, Hieropyr, Icterit"ia rvbra. Rose, Jinbert
icteriVin, Yicinitra'ha, Vicinitrac'tiis, Jtnniiis,
Lugdus, (F.) Erysijti^le, Erfsipele, Fen St. An.
toine, Feu eacri, Mai Saint Antoine. A disease,
so called because it generally extends gradually
to the neighbouring parts. Superficial iiiflamuin-
tion of the skin, with general fever, tension and
swelling of the part; pain and heat more or less
acrid ; redness diffused, but more or less circum-
scribed, and disaj)pearing when pressed upon by
the finger, but returning as soon as the pressure
is removed. Frequently, small vesicles aii|)car
upon the inflamed part, which dry up and fall
off, under the form of branny scales. Erysipelas
is, generally, an acute affection : its medium du-
ration being from 10 to It days. It yields, com-
monly, to general refrigerant remedies. Topical
applications are rarely serviceable. At times,
when the disease approaches the phlegmonous
character, copious bleeding and other evacuants
may be required, as in many cases of erysipelas
of the face ; but this is not commonly necessary.
In most cases, indeed, the gener.al action seems
deficient, and it becomes necessary to give tonics.
When erysipelas is of a highly inflammatory
character, and invades the parts beneath, it is
termed Erysip'elas phlegmono'des, (F.) Erysipite
phlegmoneujc : when accompanied with phlye-
tenae, and the inflafnmation terminates in gan-
grene, Erysip'elas gangrmno'sum, (F.) Erysiplle
gangreneux ; and when associated with infiltra-
tion of serum, Erysip'elas cedamato'sum, (¥.)Ery-
sijyele (fdamiitetix.
At times, the surface in erysipelashas a bronzed
rather than a red hue — bronzed erysipelas.
Erysipelas, Bronzed, see Erysipelas — e. Gan-
graenosum, see Erysipelas — e. Qideinato.«ura, see
Erysipelas — e. Phlegmonodes, see Erysipelas — e.
Periodica nervosa chronica. Pellagra — e. Plilyc-
tenoides, Herpes zoster — e. Pustulosa, Herpes
zoster — e. Zoster, Herpes zoster.
ERYSIPELATODES, Erysipelatous.
ERYSIPEL'ATOUS, Erysipelato'des, Eryti-
pelato'sHs. Belonging to erysipelas ; as an ery-
sipeV atous affection.
Erysipel'atous Inflammation. Infnmm'atio
erysipelato'sa, Epiphlogis'ma, Cnti'tis, Dcrmnli'-
tis, is the character of inflammation which distin-
guishes erysipelas, Erythe'ma erysipehtto'snm.
ERYSIPELE, Erysipelas — c. Ambnhntt, fffi
Ambulant — S. Gangreneux, see Erysipelas — i.
(Edemateux, see Erysipelas — e. Phlegmonenx, see
Erysipelas — f. Serpiijineux, see Serpiginous — (•
Pustiileux, Herpes zoster.
ERYSOS. Erythema.
ERYTHE'MA, from tpuBpaioi, cpvOpo;, 'red,rnse-
coloured,' cpvOaivio, 'to redden.' Inflammatory blush,
Erythre'ma, (F.) Erytheme. This name is. some-
times, given to erysipelas, especially when of alocal
character. It is, also, applied to the morbid redness
on the cheeks of the hectic, and on the skin cover-
ing bubo, phlegmon, &c. It forms the 6th genus of
the .3d order. Exanthemata, of Batoinan's classi-
fication of cutaneous diseases ; and is defined, 'a
nearly continuous redness of some portion of th*
skin, attended with disorder of the consUtutioni
ERYTHEMATOUS
3 53
ESOTERIC
but not contngious.' Many varieties are described
by dermatologist?, — for example, E. interti-i'f/o,
E. /iif/<'-r, E. papula' turn, E. tubercxda' turn, E.
nodo'xum, E. lave, E. centrif'tigum, E. margina'-
lum, and E. acrixlyu'ia.
EitVTiiKMA AcitoDYNiA, Acrodynum — e. Ana-
bustio, I'urn — c. Anthrax, Anthrax.
Erytiho'ma Centrif'ugum. A variety of ery-
thema attacking the face, commencing with a
small red spot, and spreading around, so as, at
times, to affect the whole face.
EiiYTiiKMA Endemicum, Pellagra — e. a Fri-
gore, Chilblain.
ERyriiE'.MA FuGAX. Patches of erythema,
that sometimes appear on the body in febrile dis-
eases, teething children, Ac, and which are of
brief duration.
EuYTHKMA GANGRy*:N0Susr, Anthrax — e. Icho-
rosum,Eczemamercuriale-e. Intertrigo, Chafing.
Euythe'ma Lteve, (F.) EnjtMme leger. Slight
erythema affecting the skin, as in oedema.
Erythe'ma MAUGINA'TU^f, (F.) Erytheme mar-
ginal. A form in which the prominent patches
of erythema are distinctly separated from the
skin at their margins.
Erythema Meiicuriale, Eczema mercuriale.
Erythe'ma Nodo'sum, (F.) Erytheme noneux.
A more severe form of Erythema tuberculatum.
Erythe'ma Papula'tum, (F.) Erytheme papu-
leiic. Patches of erythema, which are at first pa-
pulated, appearing on the face, neck, breast, <fec.,
of females, and young persons more especially.
Erythema Pellagrum, Pellagra — e. Pernio,
Chilblain.
Erythe'ma Sola're. A name given by the
Italians to Pellagra, owing to its being attended
with an eruption of small red spots or patches on
the parts that are exposed to the sun.
Erythe'ma Tubercula'tum, E. titbercido'sum,
(F.) Erytheme tiiberculeitx. A form of erythema
in whicii tlie patches are in small lumps.
ERYTIIKM'ATOUS, Erythemnt'ic, Erythema-
to'aua, Erythemut'icna, (F.) Erythdmateux. Ap-
pertaining or relating to Erythema.
ERYTHEME, Erytliema— ^. Leqer, Erythe-
ma laove — e. ytarginal. Erythema marginatum —
t. Noneux, Erythema nodosum — e. I'apulcnx,
Erythema papulatum — e. Tuhercxdeux, Erythema
tuberculatum.
ERYTllRvEA CENTAURIUM, Chironia cen-
taurium— e. Chilensis, Canchalagua, Chironia
Chilensis.
ERYTIIR.TlMrA, Plethora.
ERYTIIRAN'CIIE, Augi'na erym'pelato'sn,
from tfvOpoi, ' red,' and ay^w, ' I suffocate.' Ery-
sipelatous or erythematous sore throat.
ERYTIIREMA, Erythema.
ERYTIIRINA MONOSPERMA, Butea fron-
dosa.
ERYTIIROriKERAS. Cynanche parotidcea.
ERYTIIHODANUM. Rubia.
E R ' Y T II R 0 1 D, Erythro'des, Erythroi'des.
Reddish.
ERYTHROin Coat, Tu'nica erythro'des. Vagi-
nal coat of the testis.
Er'ythroid Ves'icle, Vcsio'ula Erythroi'dea.
A vesicle of the fwtus described by Pockels and
others. It is pyriforra, and much longer than,
ftlthough of the same breadth as, the umbilical
vesicle. Velpeau, Weber, and others, doubt its
being a phvsiolnirioal condition.
ERYTHRONIUM, E. Americanum.
EuvTHRo'NnrM America'num, E. flavnm seu
oeiu canix?.c\x lanceoln'tum seu longifo'linm, Com-
mon Erythro'niiim, (from epv9,)0i, 'red,' which
does not, however, apply to the American species,)
irllow iSnalce-leaf, Yellow Adder's tongue, Adde'r-
Itaf, Dog vi'olet', Bogs tooth violet, Jiattlesnake
vi'olef, Lamb's tongue, Serof ula mot. Yellow
Snowdrop. Ord. Liliaceae. This plant is pos-
sessed of emetic properties, but is rarely, if ever,
used. The root and herb, Erythro'nium, (Ph.
U. S.,) are in the secondary list of the Pharma-
copoeia of the United States.
Erythhonium Dens Canis, E. Americanum —
e. Flavum, E. Americanum — e. Lanccolatum, E.
Americanum — e. Longifolium, E. Americanum.
ERYTHROPHLEUM JUDICIALE, Sassy-
bark tree.
ERYTIIROPYRA, Erysipelas.
ERYTHRORRIIIZA ROTUNDIFOLIA, Ga-
lax aphylla.
ERYTHROSIS, Plethora.
ES'APHE, from cowpuu,, {ua, and a^ato, 'I feel,')
'I feel inside,' (F.) Le Toucher, Le Toucher vagi-
nal. The introduction of a finger or fingers into
the vagina, for the purpose of examining the
condition of the uterus. It is employed to verify
the existence or non-existence of pregnancy and
its different stages ; to detect certain affections or
faults of conformation in the genital organs and
pelvis ; and, during the process of accouchement,
to examine into the progress of labour, &g.
ESCA, Aliment.
ESCARA, Eschar.
ESC ARGOT, Helix pomatia, Limax.
ESCHALOTTE, Echalotte.
ESCHAR, Es'chara, lax^pn, (Old Eng.) Asker,
a slough, a crust or scab. The crust or disor-
ganized portion, arising from the mortification of
a, part, and which is distinguishable from the
living parts by its colour, consistence, and other
physical properties. The inflammation which it
excites in the contiguous parts, gives occasion to
a secretion of pus between the living and dead
parts, which ultimately completely separates the
latter.
ESCHARA, Vulva.
ESCHAROT'IC, Escharot'icum, from taxaf.a,
'eschar.' Any substance, which, when applied
upon a living part, gives rise to an eschar, sucli
as caustic j'l^lassa : the concentrated mineral
acids, Ac.
Escfiarotic Poison, sec Poison.
ESCHELLOIIE, MINERAL WATERS OF.
This water rises at the foot of a mountain near
the convent of Etal in Bavaria. It is a sulphuro-
saline.
ESCHID'NA OCELLA'TA. A very poisonous
viper, which inhabits the sugar-cane fields of
Peru. Its bite is almost instantaneously fatal.
ESCORZONERA. Seorzonera.
ESCREV/SSE, Crab.
ESCULAPIAN, Medical.
ES'CULENT, Esculen'tus, Ed'ihle, Eat'aUe,
Ciba'rions, from esca, 'food.' (F.) Comestible.
Such plants or such parts of plants or animals as
may be eaten for food.
ESERE, Ordeal nut.
ESKIN, Singultus.
ESO, £<Tu), 'within.' A prefix which signifies
an affection of an internal part ; as Esotnteri'H^,
inflammation of the inner membrane of the intes-
tines:— Esogastri'tis, inflammation of the inner
membrane of the stomach, <tc.
ESOCHAS, Esoche.
ES'OCHE, Es'ochas. A tumour — as a hemor-
rhoid— within the anus.
ESOCOLITIS, Dysentery.
ESODIC, Afferent.
ESOKNTERITIS, see Enteritis.
ESOOASTRITIS, Endogastritis.
ESOTER'IC, to-urfpof, 'interior,' from taia,
'within.' Private; interior: in contradistinction
to Exoter'ic, public, exterior. Hence, we speak
of ' esoteric and exoteric causes of disease.'
ESOTERISM
i'TAGE
ES'OTERISM, MED'ICAL. Same etymon as
Esoteric. A term used b.v M. Simon, in his De-
outologic medicnle, for that esotery, or mystery
iind secresy, with which the practitioner performs
his daily duties, and which, he conceives, he is
compelled to adopt by the prejudices and igno-
rance of his patients.
ESP ACES INTERCOSTAUX, see Costa.
ESPECES, Species, see Pulvis — e. Pulvirv-
lentes, sc Pulvis.
ESPECES VULX£liAIRES, Falltranck.
ESPIILA'SIS. from eg, us, ' inwards,' and ^Xau,
'I brenk, bruise,' <fec. A fracture of the skull by
comminution, the fragments being depressed.
See Depression, and Enthlasis.
ESPRIT, Spirit — e. d'Ammoniaque, Spiritus
ammonise — e. d'Anis, Spiritus anisi — e. de Bois,
Spiritus Pyroxylieus — e. de Camphre, Spiritus
camphorse — e. de Cannelle, Spiritus cinnamomi —
e. de Carvi, Spiritus carui — e. d' Ether Sulfurique,
Spiritus astheris sulphuric! compositus — e. de Ge-
nienre compose, Spiritus juniperi compositus — e.
d'lvn, Achillea moschata — e. de Laimnde, Spiritus
lavandulag — e. de Lavande compose, Spiritus
lavandulffi compositus — e. de 3fenthe poivie,
Spiritus raenthaj piperitae — e. de 3fiiscade, Spiri-
tus myristicse — e. de Pouliot, Spiritus pulegii — e.
Pyroxylique, Spiritus pyroxylieus — e. de Rai-
fort compose, Spiritus armoraciffi compositus — e.
de Romnriii, Spiritus rosmarini — e. de Vin delnye,
Spiritus tenuior — e. de Vin rectifie, Spiritus rec-
tificatus.
ESPRITS ANIMAUX, Nervous fluid.
ESQUILLE, Splinter.
ESQUINANCIE, Cynanche, Cynanche ton-
sillaris.
ESQUTNE, Smilax China.
ES'SENCE, Essen'tia, corrupted from extsten-
ti'a, 'standing out,' [?] or, from esse, 'to be.' By
some, used synonymously with volatile oil; by
others, with simple tincture. The oil of pepper-
mint is the oil obtained by distillation ; the
essence, the oil diluted with spirit. See Tinetura
olci menthsE.
EssKNCE OF Anise, Essentia anisi — e. of Bar-
dana. Hill's, Tincturi guaiaci ammoniata — e. of
Caraway, Essentia Carui^e. of Cinnamon, Essen-
tia Cinnamomi — e. of Coltsfoot, see Tinetura ben-
zoini composita — e. of Fennel, Essentia Foeniculi
— e. of Musk, Tinetura moschi — e. of Mustard
Pills, Whitehead's, see Sinapis — e. of Mustard,
AVhitehead's, see Sinapis — e. of Pennyroyal,
Essentia mentha9 pulegii — e. of Peppermint, Tine-
tura olei menthae piperitae — e. of Pimento, Essen-
tia Pimento — e. of Rosemary, Essentia Rosma-
rini— e. of Roses, see Rosa centifolia — e. of
Spearmint, Tinetura olei menthtfi viridis — e. of
Spruce, see Pinus Abies.
ESSKNCES, Olea volatilia.
ESSENTIA, Essence, Tincture — e. Abietis,
see Pinus abies — e. Aloes, Tinetura aloes — e.
Absintbii amnra, Tinetura A. composita — e. Ab-
sinthii composita, Tinetura A. composita.
Essen'tia Axi'si, E«seiicc of Anise. (01.
An!s!, f.^.j; Sp. recti/. f,^ix. M. Ph. D.) Dose,
TTJ^xx to f!^j, as a carminative.
Essentia. Antimonii seu Stibii, Yinum anti-
monii tartarizati — e. Antiseptica Huxhami, Tine-
tura cinchonae composita — e. Aromatica, Tinetura
cinnamomi composita.
Essentia Cauui, Essence of Car'away. (01.
Carui f.^j; Sp. rectif f,^ix. Ph. D.) Dose,
gtt. XX to f^j, as a carminative.
Essentia Castorei, Tinetura castorei — e. Ca-
tholica purgans Rothii, Tinetura jalapii compo-
sita— e. de Cedro, Oleum cedrinum — e. Chinae,
Tinetura cinchonae composita — e. Cinnamomi,
Tinetura cinnamomi.
Essentia Cinnamo'mi, Essence of Cin'nnmon,
(01. Cinnam. f ^j ; Sp. reel. f3ix. M.) Dusc,
gtt. X to XX.
Essentia Foinic'uli, Essence of Fennel. (01,
Foenic. f gj ; Alcohol, f^ix, M. Ph. D.) Dose,
gtt. XX to f3J.
Essentia Mentha PiperitjG, Tinetura olei
menthae piperitae.
Essentia Mentha Pule'gii, Essence of Penny,
royal. (01. Puleg. i'gy, Sp. rectif. f^ix. Ph. D.)
Dose, gtt. XV to XXX.
Essentia Mentha Viridis, Tinetura olei men-
thae viridis.
Essentia Myrist'ic^ Moscha'tjH, Essence of
Nutmeg. (01. Myrisl. f ^j ; Sp. rectif . i'^'x^. M.
Ph. D.) Dose, gtt. XX — xxx.
Essentia Neroli, see Citrus aurantium — e.
Corticis Peruviani antiseptica Huxhami, Tinetura
cinchonaj composita — e. Corticis Peruviani cuiu-
posita, Tinetura cinchonae amara.
Essentia Pimen't^;, Essence of Pimen'to. (01.
Piment. fgi; Sj). rectif. f.^ix. M. Ph. D.) Dose,
gtt. xxx ad Ix.
EIssentia RoSMARI'ni, Essence of Rose'mary.
(01. Rosmari'ni f ,^j ; Sp. rectif. f^ix. M. Ph.D.)
Dose, gtt. xxx ad gtt. Ix.
ESSEN'TIAL, Essentia' Us. The word essenlud
has been applied to the immediate oraotive prin-
ciples of vegetables, which were believed to be
endowed with the properties of the plants from
which they were extracted. Essential oil was so
called because it was regarded as the only imme-
diate principle which was essential. This expres-
sion is retained. Essential salts are true salts or
extracts which exist, ready formed, in vegetables;
and which are obtained by distillation, incinera.
tion, or some other process.
An essential disease is synonymous with a ge-
neral disease ; that is, one not depending on any
local affection, — not symptomatic. See Entity.
ES'SERA, Es'sere, Sora, Saire, Sare, Morbus
porci'nus, Rosa saltans, Urtica'ria porcell'ana,
(F.) Ampioules, Porcelaine. Of Arabic deriva-
tion. A species of cutaneous eruption, consist-
ing of small, reddish tubercles over the whole
body, accompanied by a troublesome itchinj,'.
It seems to be a variety of lichen or urticaria.
See Lichen tropicus.
ESSIEU, Axis.
ESSOUFFLEMENT, Anhelatio.
ESTHEMA, Vestitus.
ESTHESIS, Vestitus.
ESTHIOMENE, Esthiomenus.
ESTHIOM'ENUS, Estiom'enus, from ccOw, 'I
eat.' Ex'edens. (F.) Esthiomene. That which
devours or eats away. Certain ulcers and erup-
tions— Dartres ronqenntes — are SO called.
ES'TIVAL, yEstl'vus; from astas, astat'iK,
'summer.' Happening in summer, belonging to
summer. This epithet is given to summer din-
eases, so called because they reign at that season,
and appear to depend on the influence exerti-'l
by it on the animal economy. In the United
States, the term summer disease or covi))li">'t
means disorder of the bowels; as diarrhun,
cholera morbus, <tc.
ESTO.VAC. Stomach.
ESTRAOOy. Artemisia dracunculns.
ESULA CYPARISSIAS. Euphorbia oypari?-
sias — e. Major, Euphorbia palustris — e. Minor,
Euphorbia cyparissias.
ESULE, GRANDE, Euphorbia lathyris.
ESURIES, Hunger.
ESURIGO, Hunger.
ESURITIO, Hunger.
ESYCHIA, Acinesia.
JETAGE, Stage.
E TA IX
35 5
JtJTOUFFEMENT
ETAIN,Tia~L de Glace, Bismuth— e'. Gris,
Pjliimuth.
ETAT, Acme — &. Granuhux du Rein, Kidney,
Bri):ht's Disease of the.
E TERNUEMENT, Sneezing.
ETE.STICULATIO, Castration.
ETIIKR, iEther, iEther sulphuricus — c. Acetic,
pee iEther — c. Acitiqrie, see blither sulphuricus —
e. Azoteiix, see ^ther sulphuricus — e. Azoteux
ulcmitiHe, Spiritus a;theris nitrici.
Ethek, Chloric, sue Chloroform. Under the
names concentifited chloric ether and strong chlo-
ric ether — n compound of pure chloroform and
nearly absolute alcohol, in the proportion of one-
thinl of the former to two-thirds of the latter —
lias been used as an anajsthetic by inhalation, in
the same cases as sulphuric ether and chloroform.
It is properly an alcoholic solution or tincture of
chlnroform.
EiiiKit, Chlorohydric, Chlorinated, see
JElhcr inuriaticus — e. Chlorohydrique, see jEther
sulphuricus — e. Chlorohydrique chlore, see jEther
muriaticus.
Etiikii, Compound. A preparation consisting
of a solution of chloroform in sulphuric ether
which has been used as an anEesthetic by inhala-
tion, iu the same cases as chloroform.
ETffER, fl YDRA TIQ UE, ^ther sulphuricus
— c. llydriodio, iEther hydriodicus — e. Hydrique
(dcooliw, Spiritus aetheris sulphurici compositus
— e. Hydmchloric, see ^ther— e. Hydrochloric,
Spirit of, Spiritus aetheris muriatici— e. Hydro-
cyanic, ^Ether hydrocyanicus — e. lodhydric,
>Ether hydriodicus— e. Marine, ^ther muriaticus
— e. Muriatic, ^ther muriaticus — e. Muriatic,
spirit of, Spiritus astheris muriatici — e. Nitreux,
see iEther sulphuricus— e. Nitric, see iEther— e.
Nitvique, see iEther sulphuricus — e. Nitrous, see
vEther — e. Phosphoric, sec yEther — e. Prussic,
vEther hydrocyanicus— e. Rectified, iEther sul-
phuricus—e'. Suipirique, iEther sulphuricus— e'.
!<»ljuritpie alcoolise, Spiritus aitheris sulphurici
ctiiiipositus— e. Sulphuric, ^ther sulphuricus — e.
Terehiiithinated, ^ther terebinthinatus— e. Vi-
trinliqiie, JRthcT sulphuricus,
ETHEREAL, ^.thereal.
EriIKRK, iEthereal.
ETIIKREOUS, iEthereal.
ETllERINE, HYDROCYANATE OF. ^ther
hydrooynnieus— e. Muriate of, iEther muriaticus.
IvTIIKRISM. The aggregate of phenomena
induced by the inhalation of ether— ^?//e,-i-«m'«s.
ETIIERIZA'TION, .Etherisa'iio. The admi-
nistnition of ether by inhalation, as an anjes-
thi'tic.
E'TIIERIZED, jEtherisa'tna. Presenting the
rhen.imcna induced by the inhalation of ether.
ETIIEROLA T, Etherat. The product of the
(iismialion of ether on aromatic substances.
l^TUEROLArURE, see Tincture.
ETUEROLK. A li.,uid medicine formed of
•■tiier and medicinal principles united with it by
uirect solution or simple mixture.— Beral.
Ethh-oli d'esience de tfrihinthine. See Liquor
inodynus terebinthinatus.
Jr/i^^y^/'^' ^'*^-^''<'- A medicine
"■hioh h,.* ether for excipient.— B^ral
M^f'^V'^'^!^- ^" ^tl^"°l!<' "'edicine
F nuPc'',"rA'''''y employed externally.
KT r •i?''^-^^^^'^' Deontology, medical.
r. 1 Miiv, Hectic.
[•I'lnoPrAX, see Homo.
;. llt^^- ^ee .Ethiops.
rnsrs, Filtration.
I. rn ISM us. Filtration.
J-THmcEPHALE, Ethmoceph'alus; from
»>-."»^. a sieve, 'the ethmoidal portion of the
nose, and /c!:^a^T,, 'head.' A genus of monsters,
with eyes close together, but distinct; the nasal
apparatus atrophied and rudimental. — I. G. St.
Hilaire.
ETH'MOID, Ethmo'des, Ethmoi'des, EthmoV-
deus, from )j9^of, 'a sieve,' and tiios, 'form.'
Shaped like a sieve.
ErnMOiD Bone, Os ethmoideum sen multifor'me
seu spongio'sum seu sjjoiigoVdes seu cribro'siim
sen crihrifur'me seu cu'bicum seu cristn'tum seu
foraminulen'tum seu colifor'me seu colato'rium,
(F.) Os cribleux. One of the eight bones which
compose the cranium; so called, because its upper
plate is pierced by a considerable number of
holes. The ethmoid bone is situate at the ante-
rior, inferior, and middle part of the base of the
cranium. It seems to be composed of a multitude
of thin, fragile, semi-transparent lamina;, which
form more or less spacious cells, called the Eth-
moidal labyrinth or cells, distinguished into ante-
rior and posterior. These communicate with the
nose, and arc lined by a prolongation of the
pituitary membrane. The ethmoid bone is con-
stituted of compact tissue, and is surrounded by
the Ethmoid suture. It is articulated with the
frontal and sphenoidal bones, the cornun sphenoi-
daha, the superior maxillary hones, the palate
hones, the ossa tnrhinata inferiora, the vomer, the
proper hones of the nose, and the lachrymal bona.
ETIIMOID'AL, Ethmoidal is. Belonging to
the ethmoid bone; as. Ethmoidal cells, E. suture,
&c. The Ethmoi'dal apoph'ysis or ])rocess is the
advanced part of the sphenoid bone, which articu-
lates with the ethmoid. The ethmoidal arteries
are two in number, the anterior of which arises
from the ophthalmjc artery. The origin of the
other varies. The ^'c^wjicrure e<7i»ioi'rf«?c of the os
frontis receives the ethmoid bones. The Ethmoi-
dal veins correspond to the arteries.
ETHMOSE, Cellular tissue.
ETIIMOSYiVE, Habit.
ETHMYPIIE, Cellular tissue.
ETHMYPHI'TIS, Infamma'tio telm cellulo'sm,
from i)Qiioi. -a sieve,' 'vi^^u 'texture,' and itis, de-
noting inflammation. Inflammation of the cel-
lular membrane.
ETHMYPIIOTYLOSIS, Induration of the eel-
lular tissue.
ETHNOG'RAPIIY, Ethnograph'ia ; from lOvoq,
'nation,' and ypaipr,, 'a description.' A history
of the races and families of man.
ETIINOL"OGY, £MHo%"my from £6>iof, 'na-
tion,' and \oYoi, 'a discourse.' The science of
the races and families of man.
EJHOS, Habit.
E THESE, iEthusa cynapium — e. Meum,
^thusa meum.
ETHYLE. CHLORIDE OF, ^ther muri-
aticus— e. Cyanuret of, ^ther hydrocyanicus.
ETICK, Hectic.
ETIOLA'TION, Blanching. (F.) Etiolement.
That state of plants which occurs in consequence
of privation of light, when they become pale and
watery. In pathology, it is sometimes used to
denote the paleness produced in those j)ersons
who have been kept long without light; or a
sinular paleness, the result of chronic disease.
ETIOLE.MEXT, Etiolation.
ETIOLOGY, ^tiolo-ia.
ETIQUETTE, MEDICAL. Deontology, me-
dical.
ETISE, Hectisis — i. Mesenterique, Tabes me-
senterica.
ETNAGH-BERRIES, see Juniperus corarau-
nis.
ETOTLE, Stella.
ETON SEE, Stunned.
ETOUFFE.MEXT, Suffocation.
£toupe
356
EUPATORIUM
£tOUPE, Stupa.
ETOURUISSEMENT, Vertigo.
ETRANGLE-LOUP, Paris.
ETRANGLEMENT, Strangulation, Hysteria
— c. den Intextins, Euteremphraxis.
ETRANGUILLON, from itrangler, 'to
strangle.' An ancient French appellation for a
violent angina accompanied by symptoms of
imminent asphyxia.
ETRIER, Stapes.
ETRON, Abdomen, ITypogastrium.
ETIION'CUS, from j/rpoi', 'the lower belly,'
and oyKos, ' a tumour.' A tumour of the lower
belly.
ETXrCK, Hectic fever.
ETTLE, Urtica.
ETUI. BE L'HIPPOCAMPE. A name given
by Vicq d'Azyr to the upper part of the sphe-
noidal portion of the lateral ventricle of the
brain, which is bounded by the lateral cornu of
the corpus callosum.
ETUVE, Stove — S. Humide, Bath, vapour.
ETUVER, to Foment.
EU, £«, 'good, proper,' when prefixed to words.
Hence :
EU^E'MIA, from ev, and 'aifia, 'blood.' A
good condition of the blood.
EU-ESTHE'SIA, from cv, and aiaBrjaiu 'per-
ception.' Vigorous perception. A good condition
cf the perceptive faculties.
EUiESTHE'TOS. Same etymon. One whose
senses are in full vigor.
EUANALEP'SIS, from cv, and avaXn^n, 're-
covcrv.' Rapid restoration to strength.
EUANTIIEMON, Anthcmis nobilis.
EUCALYP'TUS MANNIF'ERA, (cv, 'well,'
!ind Ka>.vrTOi, 'covered.') From this Australian
species, Order, Myrtacea?, a manna-like substance
exudes, which has similar properties to manna.
Ei'CAr,YPTUs Resinifera, see Kino.
EUCIIRCE'A, from tu, and xp"'") 'colour.' A
good or healthy colour of the skin. A good
appearance of the surface.
EUCHYM'IA, from tu, and x^f"^' 'juice.' A
good state of the humours.
EUCllA'SIA, from tv, and Kpaai;, 'tempera-
ment.' A good temperament.
EUDIAPNEUS'TIA, from tviiawvtvaTos, (tv,
and Sia-i-oi], — ^ja, and ttvo)?, 'breath) ;' 'one who
breathes well.' Easy transpiration.
EUKCTICA (medicina), Gymnastics.
EUEL'CES, from cv, and 'tA/coj, 'an ulcer.'
One in whom wounds and ulcers are readily
healed.
EU'EMES, Euein'efoR, from cv, and fjt/Eu, 'I
vomit.' That which readily excites vomiting.
One who vomits with facility.
EUETHES, Benign.
EUEX'IA, from £u, and 'i^is, 'constitution.'
A good constitution.
EUFRAISE, Euphrasia officinalis.
EUGE'NIA CARYOPHYLLA'TA, called after
Prince Eugene. Garrophyl'hia, Cori/ophyl'lus aro-
mat'icus, 3Iyrtus caryojihiji'liis. The Indian tree
which affords the clove. Order, Myrtaeeae. The
Clove, Caryophi/l'lns, G. aromat'icwi, is the unex-
panded bud, (F.) Girojle, Geroflc, Gijroplde, Clou
de Girojle. Its odour is strong, aromatic, and
peculiar; taste, pungent and acrid. Like all
substances whose virtue depends upon essential
oil, it is stimulant and carminative. It is gene-
rally used as a corrigent to other remedies, and
in cases where substances containing the essen-
tial oils are demanded. The oil — (F.) Huile de
Geroflc; Oleum cnri/oplnjl'li, Oil of Cloves — has
the properties of the cloves.
Eugenia Pimenta, Myrtus pimenta.
EUGION, Hymen.
EULE, cvh], 'a worm.' Eulm, tuXai, with Hip-
■pocrates, meant especially worms bred in a wound
or ulcer.
EULOPHIA, see Salop.
EUNUCH, Eunn'chus, from cwtj, 'the bed,'
and tx'^t 'I keep.' Hemian'drus, IJemiaiior, He-
mianthro'pua, Seviimas, Semimas'cnlus, Semi,
maacula'tus, Semtvir, Thla'dias, Tld(i'ninii, Thllb'-
iaa, Castra'tus, Gallua, Excaalra'tus, Erint'tiit,
E maacula'tus, Spado, Exaec'tus, E.rlriitlciild'lui,
Ertom'iua. (F.) Eunuque. One whose orgnns
of generation have been removed, or so altered,
that he is rendered incapable of reproducing his
species, or of exercising the act of venery. Eu-
nuchs were common with the ancient Komans.
In Italy, tliis horrible mutilation still takes plaoe
to improve the voice ; and in the East, eunuchs
have the aurveillance of the seraglio.
EUNUCHISMUS, Castration.
EUNUCIIIUM MECONIS, Lactuca.
EUNUCHUS, Castratus, Eunuch.
EUNUQUE, Eunuch.
EUODES, Beiicolentia.
EUONYMUS, Quassia simarouba.
Euon'vmuS AmkriCA'nuS, Strawberry hiiah.
Strawberry tree, Ruruiuy bush, Indian arrnw-
wood. A shrub of the Ord. Celastracea;, Ser.
Syat. Pentandria Monogynia, which, like the
next, is found throughout the United States and
Canada; flowering from May to June.
Euon'ymus XTliOPUKPu'fiEUS, Burning bush.
Spindle free, Indian Arrow-wood, flowers from
June to July.
From these varieties of Euonymus the Walwn
or Whdlioo bark is said to be obtained. It is diu-
retic, antiperiodic, tonic, and a hydragogue ca-
thartic, and has been used in dropsy in infusion,
in the proportion of an ounce to a pint of water.
EUPATIII'A, from cv, and ira^oj, 'suffering.'
A disposition for being afi'ected by jmin easily.
Also, a good state of health — Enphor'iu.
EUPATOIRE D'AVIGENNE, Eupatorium
cannabinum — c. Percefeuille, Eupatorium perfo-
liatum.
EUPATORIUM, (called after Mithridates Eu-
pator,) Eupatorium perfoliatum.
Eui'ATO'rhtm Aueuatoi'des, E. Urticifo'Uum,
Arjc'ralum alllna' inium, White Snah-eroat ; indige-
nous; flowering in August and Scpteiiiber; liastlio
same ]iroperties as Eupatorium perfoliatum.
ElTPATORIlIM AroMAT'icUM, Aromal'ic E'lpato -
rium or Ilewpwecd, has similar properties.
EiTPATo'uiuM Cannab'inum, Enpdto'riiim, E.
Ariib'icnm seu Jnpou'ivuni seu trifoVui'lniii, E.
of Avicen'na, Cannab'inn aquat'ica, TriJo'tuiM
cervi'num, Oriij'anum aquat'ieum. Hemp (ig r>-
many. Herb of Saint Cuneijonde, (F.) Eiipatoire
d'Avicenne. Ord. Compositae. Sex. Sijit. Syn-
genesia aequalis. Tl)e juice of this plant proves
violently emetic and purgative, if taken in suffi-
cient quantity. It has been considered diuretic,
cathartic, and emetic.
EuPATOiiiuM Cgnnatum, E. perfoliatum— c.
Guaco, Guaeo— e. Juponicnm, E. Cannabinum—
e. Mesues, Achillea ageratum.
Eupatorium Pkrfoha'tum, E. Conmi'tum,
Boneaet, Thor'owjhwort, Thor'oughatem, Th<>r-
oiKjhtcnx, Vey"eli(ble ant'imony, Croaswort, AgM-
weed, Feverwort, Indian aajfc, Jne-pye, Tenld,
Swe(Uinii plant, (F.) Eiipatoire percefeuille,'^*^
plant wiiich grows in low, wet meadows through-
out the United States. Tiie tops and leaves-
Eupato'rinm, (Ph. U. S.) — are considered to he
stimulating, tonic, emetic, purgative, diuretic,
and sudorific. Dose, gr. xv of the powder, M a
gentle purgative.
EupAToniuM, Pukple-Stalkhd, E.purpurcum-
EUPEPSIA
357
EUSOMPHALIEN
El'PATORlUM PuRPU'liEUM, JfoJifiwk taisel, Pur-
pte-»l<dked Eiipato'rium, Trumpet weed, Jce Pye-
tceed, Gi-avdruot, is used in similar cases, as well as
Eiii'ATORiuM Rotundifo'lium, Jiuuiid-leaved
Jlemjjweed, Wild horehouiid ;
Eui'ATOUiuM Sessilifo'lium, Upland Boneset,
and
ErPATOUiOM Tkucrifo'lium, Wild horehound,
Genmiiidcr-leaved horehotnid, Rourjh boneset,
Eiii'ATOKiu.M TniFOLiATUM, E. Cannabinum —
e. Urti(;ifi)liuin, E. ageratoides.
EUI'EP'SIA, from eu, and nenru), '1 digest.'
A good digestion. The antithesis to dyspeiina.
EUl'EP'TIC, Eupep'lHs, Eitpcp'ticus. Same
etymon. Relating to a good digestion. One en-
dowi'd with a good digestion.
EUI'IlLO'(ilA, from iv, and ^Atyu, 'I burn.'
Mild inflammation. Variola.
EU'PIIONY, EupJio'uiu, from tu, and (puivri,
'voice.' An agreeable or regular voice.
EUPUOltnE CYPRES, E. cyparissias— e. (£e«
Mdiaii, E. palustris — c. Vomitive, E. ipecacuanha.
EUPIIOR'RIA CAPITA'TA, Cancicn. Ord.
Euphorbiacea;. Called after Euphorbus, phy-
sician to king Juba. A Brazilian plant, which is
Btrongly astringent and not poisonous. It is
considered to be one of the best remedies for the
bites of serpents. It is, also, called Coliihri'na
Liisitan'ica,
Eui'iioiiDiA Caput Medu's^e. A South African
plant, with which, according to Bruce, the wild
inhabitants poison their arrows. The Ethiopians
use, for the same purpose, Eujihor'bia heptoffo'na,
E. viro'sd, and E. cereiforni' is ; the savages, in
the most southern part of America, the sap of E.
aitiuifd'lia.
EiuMioKBiA Cereiformis, see Euphorbia caput
Mcdu.siB.
Euphorbia Corolla'ta, Large Jlnwering
sjinryc, Milkweed, Snakes' milk, Ipecacitan'lui,
Hippo, Picac, Ip'ecac, Milk, purslain, Purge roi>t,
Emct'ic root. Bowman's root, Apple root, Indian
Physic ; indigenous; has similar properties to the
lust. The dose of the root is the same.
Euphorbia Cotinifolia, see Euphorbia caput
JIeilusa\
Euphorbia Cyparis'sias, E. Cyprets'ina,
Es'ida minor seu Cyparissias, Tithyni'alns Cyp'i-
ris'siiia. Cypress spurge. Welcome to our house, (F.)
Euphorbe eypris. This, like most of the spurges,
is very acrimonious. Amongst the rustics, it
vas formerly called juoor man's rhnharb, and was,
consoquently, a la.\ative. It is not used.
EupuoitBiA CvPRESSiNA, E. Cyparlssias.
EuPHOHBlA IIelioscop'iA, E. obtnra'ta, Sun
spurge, irni^wort s/)i(r^e; indigenous. The juice
has been given in syphilis. It is said to be ca-
thiirtic.
Euphorbia IIeptagona, see Euphorbia caput
Mcdusie.
Euphorbia IIvpericifo'lia, Large spotted
ipiirge, Eyebright. A native of the United States.
It_is astringent and tonic. Used in infusion —
f.v's to Oj of boiling water. Dose, a tablespoon-
ful. Euphorbia Macula'ta, Milk Purslane,
i'pnttcd spurge, has similar properties.
Euphorbia Ipkcacuan'iia, yli//«oju//y//'i(m Ipe-
fneitaiilia, Ipecacuanha spurge. Wild ip'ecac. (F.)
Eiiphnrbc vomit ire. This species of spurge is
ci'imiion in the southern and middle parts of the
United States. The root is a powerful emetic, in
the dose of from five to fifteen grains: twenty
grains act as a cathartic likewise. In large
dosos, it acts as a narcotico-acrid.
Euphorbia Lath'vris. The systematic name
of the plant which afi'ords the lesser catapu'tia
leeas, Cutajiu'tia minor, Caper Spurge, Lath'yris,
Gar'den spurge, Caper plant. Mole-plant, Ti-
tfiym'alua lati/u'Uua seu lath'yris, Galarhoe'us
Lath'yris, (F.) £purge ou grande Esule. The
seeds possess cathartic properties, and an ex-
pressed oil of the seeds — O'leum EnjJior'bice
Lathyr'idis, (F.) Huile d'epurge — has been given
as a cathartic in the dose of six to twelve drops.
Euphorbia Maculata, see E. hypericifolia —
e. Myrtifolia, Pedilanthus titbymaloidcs — e.
Obturata, E. helioscopia.
Euphorbia Officina'rdm. The systematic
name of the plant which affords the Eujjhor'bium,
Euphor'bieB gummi-resl'na, Gummi cnphorbitB, in
greatest abundance. The euphorbium is an in-
odorous gum-resin, in yellow tears, which have
the appearance of being worm-eaten. It enters
into the composition of some plasters, and has
been used as an errhine.
Euphorbia Palus'tris, E. panicnla'ta.
Greater spurge, Es'nla major, Tithym'ulus 2)alns'-
tris, Galarhoe'us jmlus'tris, Marsh sponge, Wret-
loeed, (F.) Euphorbe dcs marais. The juice is
given, in Russia, as a common purge. It is used,
too, as an irritant in tinea, warts, Ac.
Euphorbia Palustris and E. Villo'sa, or E.
PiLo'sA have been brought forward as preven-
tives of hydrophobia — the bitten part being
washed with a decoction, and, at the same time,
the decoction being taken internally.
EiTPHOKBiA Paniculata, E. palustris.
Euphorbia Pahal'ias, Tithym'alus paralias.
Sea spurge. This is violently cathartic and irri-
tating, and is seldom used.
Euphorbia Peplus, Petty spurge ; indigenous.
The powdered root is actively cathartic. It has
been given in dropsy.
Euphorbia Pilosa, see Euphorbia palustris —
e. Tithymaloides, Pedilanthus titbymaloidcs — e.
Villosa, see Euphorltia palustris — e. Virosa, see
Euphorbia caput Medusae.
JSS- All the spurges are vesicant and rubefa-
cient, when afiplied externally.
EUPHORBIUM, Euphorbia officinarum.
EUPHORIA, Eupathia.
EUPHRAGIA, Euphrasia officinalis.
EUPlIRA'iSIA {tv(ppaata, cheerfulness; so
called from itseifects), E. Officina'lis seu Min'ima
seu Imbrica'ta, Ocula'ria, Euplira'gia, Ophthal'-
mica, Eyebright, (F.) Euf raise, Eujihraise, Casse-
Lunette. It has been recommended in diseases
of the eye, but is unworthy of notice.
EUPLAS'TIC, E,iplax'ticns,{F.) Euplaslique:
from £u, and rrAao-o-u), 'I form.' Having the ca-
pacity of becoming organizable in a high degree,
— as in false membranes resulting from acute iu-
flainmation in a healthy person.
EUPLEURUM SERRULATUM, Diosma cre-
nata.
EUPNCE'A, from tv, and -nviiD, 'I respire.'
Freedom or facility of respiration.
EURHYTH'MIA, from £u,andpt5/joj, 'rhythm.'
Regularity of the pulse.
EURIBALI, .Juribali.
EURODES, Carious.
EURODON'TICUS, from evpoi, 'caries,' and
oiovi, oiovToi, ' a tooth.' Sufi'ering from carious
teeth.
EURUS, tvpvi, 'mould, putrefaction,' Mucor,
Caries. Corruption of the humours.
EURYCHORIA. Sinus.
EURYCLES, Engastrimyth.
EURYCLITUS. Engastrimyth.
EL'RYSMUS. Dilatation.
EURYTIPMIA, Euryth'mus, from iv, and
pyd/ioi, 'rhythm.' Regularity of pulse, both as
regards quantity and quality.
EUSAR'CUS, from tv, and cap^, aapKos, 'flesh.'
One who is fleshy, robust, muscular.
EUSEMI'A. (F.) Eusemie, from tu, and ariiitior,
'a sign.' A collection of good signs.
EUSOMPPIALIEN from tv, and u/.^uAor,
EUSTLANCHNIA
E X -E M A T 0 S 1 S
'nnvtl.' A floublo monster in which each being
has a separate navel, and is able to execute, in-
dependently, almost all the vital functions.
EUSPLANCH'NIA, from tv, and avUyxvov,
'a viseus.' A healthy state of the viscera.
EUSTA'CHIAN TUBE, Tuha EnstnchiaUia
sen Aristoiel'ica, f!i/n'n'gn, Si/n'ii.r, jMea'tus co'ciis,
JJiictun auris pdUtti'inis, Iter n Pala'to ad Aurem,
(F.) Trompe ou Coudnit d'Eiistnehe, Cnuduit <jnt-
tural de roreille — Ch. So called from its dis-
coverer, Eustachius. It is partly bony and partly
cartilaginous: extending from the cavity of the
tympanum to the upper part of the pharynx. Its
length is about two inches; the bony portion
which belongs to the temporal bone, is about
three-fourths of an inch long. It is lined, inter-
nally, by a prolongation of the lining membrane
of the pharynx. Its nerves are furnished by the
palatine branches of the ganglion of Meckel, and
its vessels proceed from those of the pharynx and
velum pendulum. The use of the tube seems to
be, to permit the renewal of air in the cavity of
the tympanum.
EusTA'fHiAN Valve, Vafve of Eustn'chius,
Valride d'Eiistachi ou d' Euatnchc. A membra-
nous, semilunar fold, which corresponds to the
opening of the vena cava inferior into the right
auricle of the heart.
EUSTHENI'A, Vigor, Exiihernii'tiu, from ev,
and aOevi);, 'strength.' Flourishing, exuberant
health. — Hippocrates.
EUSTOM'ACHUS, from tv, and aroftaxos,
'stomach.' Digesting rapidly. Having a good
stomach.
EIJSTROXGYLUS GIGAS, Strongylus gigas.
EUTAX'IA, from cv, and raaau), 'I arrange.'
Enthe'sia. A well-ordered constitution, in which
every part has its proper relation. The ready
return of a rupture, or of a luxated bone.
EUTHANA'SIA, from tv, and Qavaroi, 'death.'
An easy death. The opposite to this is Caeotha-
nii'niri.
EUTHESIA, Eutaxia.
EUTHYENTEllON, Rectum.
EUTHYENTEROSTENOMA, Stricture of the
Rectum.
EUTJIYM'IA, An'hn! trnnqiul'litris, from tv,
and ^vfioQ, 'mind.' Tranquillity of mind. A
good state of the mental faculties.
EUTHYPNOE, Orthopnoea.
EUTIIYPNCEA, Orthopnoea.
EUTOC'IA, from tv, and roKOi, 'delivery.' An
easy labour. Fecundity.
EUTROPH'IA, from tv, and rpocpn, 'nourish-
ment.' A good state of nutrition.
EUTROPH'IC, Eiitroph'icus, same etymon. A
term introduced into medical terminology, by the
author, for an agent whose action is exerted on
the system of nutrition, without necessarily oc-
casioning manifest increase of any of the secre-
tions.
The chief eutrophics are, — mercurials, the pre-
paiiitiuiis of iodine, bromine, cod liver oil, the
preparations of gold and silver, sulphur, sugar,
and srirsnp'irilta.
EUZOODYNAMIA, Sanitas.
E VAC U ANTS, Evncunn'tia, from €. and vn-
ciinrc, 'to empty.' (P.) Evaciintifs. Medicines
are so called which occasion a discharge by some
omunctory ; such as purgatives, emetics, <fec.
E VA CUA TIES. Evacuants.
EVACUATIO. Evacuation, Excretion.
EVACUA'TIOX. Same etymon. Lnpax'is.
The discharge of any matter whatever by the
natural passages or by an artificial opening,
E 1 'ANO UISSEMENT, Syncope.
EVAN ROOT, Geum Virginianum.
EVAPORA'TION, Evapora'tio, Vapora'tio,
E.rh(tla'tio, from r, and rajxinn-e, niporrrtiim, 'to
emit a vapour.' Transformation of a li(|ui(i into
vapour, ill order to obtain tiie lixod matters con-
tained in it dry and separate fr(un the ]i(piid.
When the vapour is received into a proper vessel
and condensed, the process is called distillation.
Evaporation produces cold, and this is one of the
processes by which the body is cooled, through
the evaporation of the perspiratory fluid.
EVA UX, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ev.-uu
is situate in Auvergne, in France. The waters
are hydrosnlphurous and thermal.
EVENTRA'TION. Erentru'tio, IT^pngastro-
ri.r'is, from c, ' out of,' and venter, ' the belly.' A
tumour, formed by a general relaxation of the
parietes of the abdomen, and containing a great
part of the abdominal viscera. Also, veiilrol
hernia, or that which occurs in any other way
than through the natural openings of the abdo-
minal parietes. Lastly, any very extensive woinij
of the aljdominal parietes, with issue of the greater
part of the intestines.
EVEN'TUS, from e, 'out of,' and venire, veii-
turn, ' to come.' Apobai'non, Apohenom'enoii, Ec-
lesom'enon, Terminn'iio morhi. The event or
isHue of a disease, either favourable or unfavour-
able.
EVERLASTING, DICECIOUS, Antennnria
dioica.
EVERRIC'ULUM, Specil'lum, from everrere,
'to clean out.' A sort of sound or scoop, used
for extracting sand or fragments of stone or clots
of blood from the bladder, after or during the
operation of lithotomy.
EVERSIO PALPEBR^, Ectropion.
EVIGILATWN, see Sleep.
EVIL, THE, Scrofula— e. King'.s, Scrofula.
EVIRATIO, Castration.
EVIRATUS, Castratus, Eunuch.
EVISCERATION, Exenterismus.
EVOLUTIO, Development — e. Spontanea,
Evolution, spontaneous.
EVOLUTION OF GERMS, see Generation.
Evolu'tio.v, Spo.nta'neoits, Ver'sio seu Evn-
lii'tio spontn'nea, from e, and volvere, voliitiiin, 'to
roll.' Sponta'i)cons ver'xion, Sponta' neons expiil'-
sion. Duplication of the fix'tus. A term, applied,
by Dr. Denman, to vvhat he considered to bo a
spontaneous turning of the foetus in utero, in an
arm presentation, in consequence of powerful
uterine contractions forcing out the breech and
feet, whilst the arm recedes. It is now usually
considered to be a doubling of the fcctus, so that
the arm changes its position but little, whilst the
breech is forcibly expelled before the upper ex-
tremity;— the case becoming similar to a breech
presentation.
Evolution, Vesicle op. Vesicle of develop-
ment.
EVOMITIO, Vomiting.
EVONYMUS, Euonymons.
EVUL'SION, Avuhion, Evul'sio, from evellere,
evulanni, (e, and vellere,) 'to pluck out.' Aputil'-
mos, Ecfil'mos, Tilmos. The action of plucking
out: forcible extraction. (F.) Armchemcnt. This
word is oftener used by the French than by the
English surgeons, for the act of extracting certain
parts, the presence of which is injurious,— as the
teeth, (fee.
EW-GOWAN. Bellis.
EX MARIBUS, Castratus.
EXACERBATIO, Exacerbation. Paroxysm.
EXACERBA'TION, Exacerba'tio, Exuxpera'-
tio, E.rcresceu'tin, from exacerbnre, exacerha'tuvi,
(ex, and acerbus,) ' to provoke.' (F.) Ridouhh-
vient. An increase in the symptoms of a dis-
order. Often used synonj'mously withpnroxysm.
EXACUM SPICATUM, Coutoubca alba.
EX^MATOSIS, Ilijematosis.
EX^MIA
359
EXCEREBRATIO
EXyEMIA, AnEDtnia.
EX/h;MOS, Exanguious.
llXvE'RESIS, from c^, 'out of,' and aipeu), *I
take away.' A surgical operation, which consists
in drawinj;, extracting, or removing, from the
human body, every thing that is useless, noxious,
or extraneous. It is a generic term, which in-
cludes extraction, evulsion, evacuatioD, excision,
ablation, amputation, ifec.
Ex/f'.KKSis, Extraction.
EXACUERATED, Exag(/era'tui>,(¥.)ExagSrS,
from exai/ijero, {ej-, and arjfiero, 'I heap up,') ' I
magnify.') Heightened. Increased by expres-
sion. An epithet for sounds heard on ausculta-
tion and percussion, when much increased —
Hyperevlie'Hia, Hypereche'ma.
KXA'GION. The sixth part of an ounce: —
four scruples. — Actuarius.
EXAL'MA, from tf, 'out of,' and aWofxai, 'T
leap.' EjedUis. Hippocrates calls thus the dis-
placement of the vertebrae.
EXALSLS, Exalma, Leap.
EXALTA'TION OP THE VITAL FORCES.
E.ialla'tio vi'n'um, from exalto, (ex, and alto,) 'I
raise.' This expression has been used, by modern
pathologists, to designate a morbid increase in
the action of organs, and partly that which occurs
ill an inflamed organ. Some use exaltntion of
(lif vitdl forrrs, and injlammnlion, synonymously.
EXAMIiLOMA, Abortion.
i;XAiMI!l,OS[S, Abortion.
EX'AMliN KIGORO'SUM. 'Rigorous exa-
mination.' An examination of a Candidate for
the degree of Doctor of Medicine in the Prussian
IJiiiversities, which, like the Tcutnmen medicum,
is conducted in Latin, and takes place before the
nicilical faeultv on all branches of medicine.
EXANASTOMOSIS, Anastomosis.
EXANASTROPHE, Convalescence.
EXANGTA, from tlayyi^w, (tf, and ayyoq, 'a
vessel,') ' I evacuate from a vessel.' Exanyei'a.
An enlargement or rupture of a blood-vessel,
without external opening. A genus in the order
Lhjstheticn, class Hamatica of Good. It com-
prises aiieurism and van'x.
ExANGiA Ankurisma, Aneurism.
EXAN'GUIOUS, ExKnn'gulne, Exsangnin'eiia,
E.i-fc'mnfi, Exann'gitis, (F.) Exsaiigtie, from e.r,
'out of,' and sanytu'n, 'blood.' Seeming to be
bloodless ; as a female, who has suffered largely
from uterine hemorrhage. See Anaemic.
EXANIA, Proctocele.
EXANIMA'TION, Exanimn'tio, from ex, 'out
of,' and (lui'mo, 'the spirit.' This word has two
acceptations. Sometimes, it means real death,
corresponding with the Greek ^avaro;, mors. At
others, it signifies apparent death, corresponding
with the Greek a\l/u;^ia, tKxj^vxi", cxXvats, An'imi
deli'quii(m.
EXAN'THEM, J57.ra)i«^e'Hm, AiitJie'ma enip'tio,
EpoDthe'ma, Efflorescen'tia, ExaiitJiis'mn, Ecthi/'-
m<(, Epnnnatc'ma, Epanthe'mn, Epanthin'ma, Ef-
fiora'tto, from ffiv^fo), (t^, and avQtui), 'I flourish.'
A rash. (F.) Exanthcme, Elevure. Under this
term, is comprehended, by some, every kind of
eruption, of which the skin is the seat. Others
coiiiprehond by it those eruptions that are accom-
panied by fever, Fehre.s exanthemdt'ica; : includ-
ing, under the head of the major exanthemata,
those which attack a person but once in his life,
and which are communicated by specific conta-
gion; and, under the minor exanthemata, those
which are not marked by these characteristics.
Small-pox, measles, cow-pox, Ac. belong to the
iniijor: — cliicken-pox, herpes, lichen, <fec., to the
minor. The general acceptation of Exanthem is,
however, a more or less vivid, circumscribed, or
diffuse redness of the skin, which diminishes, or
disappears transiently, under the pressure of the
finger.
ExANTHKM, CAnBUXCiiLAR, Anthracia — e. Icho-
rous, Emphlysis — e. Pustulous, Empyesis — e.
Rash, Enanthcsis.
EXANTHEMA, Eminence — o. Internum, Eis-
antheina.
Exantuk'ma loD'rcuM. An eruption of dark-
red definite si)()ts, of various sizes, spreading over
the whole body, without the formation of scales,
and disappearing only after a long time, which
seems to be produced occasionally by the use of
iodine.
Exanthema Mii,iAniA. Miliary fever — e. Pes-
tis, Plague — e. Antivariolosum, Vaccina — e. Se-
rosnm. Pemphigus — e. Stroi)hu!us, Strophulus —
e. Urticatum, Urticaria — e. Vaccina, Vaccina — e.
Varicella, Varicella.
EXANTIIEMAT'ICA. Same etymon. ^,-1(7/-
tive fcrerx. CJutaneous eruptions, essentially ac-
companied with fever; — the third order in the
class Ifffwotira of Good.
EXANTHRMATIS'CHESIS, E.ru„ihematoa'.
fheiii, friim (^avOiiin, 'exanthem,' and lax^iv, 'to
withhold.' Supfiression of a cutaneous eruption.
EXMsTWE^X hTOh' OnY . Exantlematolo,/' !n,
from t^nvBrin", 'exanthem,' and A«}'-)?. 'a dis-
course.' Tiio doctrine of cutaneous ei'uptions.
EXANTHEM ATOPHTHAl/MIA. Ophthalm'.
ia exdiitheiiiat'ica. from c^dvdnita, 'exanthem,'
and n(t>da\nta, 'inflammation of the eye.' Oph-
thalmia in the course of, or succeeding to, a cu-
taneous eruption.
EXANTIIE.M'ATOUS, Exanthemato'sm,. Ex-
autheiixit'icus, (F.) Exanthcmatiqne. Relating or
ajjpcrtainitig to exanthem, as "an cxanlhematoits
eruption." (F.) Eruption exanthematiqne.
EXAN THEME JNTESTINALE, see Ty-
phus.
EXANTHESIS. see Efflorescence— e. Arthro-
sia. Dengue — e. Roseola, Roseola — c. Rubeola,
Rubeola.
EXANTHISMA, Exanthem.
EXANTHROPIA, Misanthropia.
EXAPSI?!, Inflammation.
EXARA<}'M,A, from i^apaoaw, 'I tear away,'
'I break.' Collision, violent fracture or friction.
EXARCIIIA'TER, Exarchia'trox. Chief of
the archiatri, or chief of physicians, a title, like
that of Comes Arehlutro'riim, given to the chief
physician of an emperor or king. Archiater ap-
pears to have meant, at times, the same thing.
EXARMA. Swelling.
EXAR'SrO. A burning heat.
EXARTEMA, Amuletum.
EXARTERI'TIS. Exarterii'tis. from ex, 'out
of,' and artcria, ' an artery.' Inflammation of
the outer coat of an artery.
EXARTHREMA, Luxation, Sprain.
EXARTHROMA. Luxation.
EXARTHROSIS, Luxatio, Sprain— e. Pareti-
ca, see Pareticus.
EXARTICULATIO, Amputation, joint;
Luxatio.
EXARYSTS. Exhaustion.
EXASPERATIO, Exacerbation.
EXC^ECARIA AGALLOCHA, Agallochum.
EXCALEPAC^TIO, Ec.hauffement.
EXCARNA'TION, Exearna'lio, from ex, and
caro, carnis, ' flesh.' A mode of making ana-
tomical preparations, which consists in separa-
ting injected vessels from the parts in which
they are situate. This is done by means of cor-
rosion bv an acid or bv putrefaction.
EXCASTRATIO, Castration, Eunuch.
EXCATHISMA. Bath, half; Semicupium,
EXCAVATOR, Dental, see Dental.
EXCEREBRATIO, Eccephalosis.
EXCEREBRATUS
360
EXERA1\IA
EXCEREBRATUS, Delirious.
EXCKKNEXT, SecTeting.
EXCIDENTIA, Ecptoma.
EXCIP'IEXT, Excip'ieiis, from e.rcipere, (ex,
and ciipcrc,) 'to receive.' (F.) Intcnnede. A
siibstiiiiee, which, in a medicinal prescription,
gives form and consistence to it, and serves as a
vehicle or medium for the exhibition of the other
inpredieiits.
EXCIl'ULA, Cup.
EXCISIO, E II la i lie.
EXCIS'ION, Excii'io, from excidere, exciaum,
{ex, and ctEdere,) 'to cut off.' Ec'tome. A sur-
gical operation, by which parts of a small size
are removed with a cutting instrument.
EXCITABIL'ITY ExcitoOil'itas. Irritability.
From exeitore, {ex, and citare, eitnfum,) 'to ex-
cite.' The faculty, possessed by living beings,
of being sensible to the action of excitants. The
doctrine of excitability forms an important part
of the Bnmonian system.
EXCITANT, Stimulant.
EXCITA'TION, Excitu'lio, Excite'ment; same
etymon. The act of exciting; the state of an
organ or organs excited. Excitement is, some-
times, used synonymously with augmented arte-
rial action. The effect of the exciting powers
acting on the excitability, according to Brown,
constitutes excitement. Cullen used the term to
express the restoration of the energy and action
of the brain, which had been interrupted by sleep
or some debilitating cause, — a state opposite to
that of collapHe. Not unfret|uently, it is employed
in the sense of excessive action, — Stiper-excita'tio,
(F.) Siir-excitntion.
EXCITED DISEASES, Feigned diseases.
EXCITO-MOTION, see Excito-motory.
EXCI'TO-MO'TORY. {¥.) Excito-moteur. An
epithet applied by Dr. Marshall Hall to a division
of the nervous system — comprising the gray mat-
ter of the spinal marrow, with the afferent and
efferent nerves connected with it; — all of which
are concerned in reflex actions ; or those by which
impressions are transmitted to a centre, and re-
flected so as to produce muscular contraction
without sensation or volition. They constitute
the rejiex nijKleni of iierven. See Nerves.
The term excito-motioii has also been employed
to signify motion, no matter how excited, by the
rcHex nerves or by volition. — C. J. B. Williams.
EXCORIATIO, Ecdora.
EXCORIA'TION, Excoria'tio, Excoriatu'ra,
Am'yehe.hom ex, and corium, 'skin.' {F.) Ecor-
cliiire. A slight wound, which removes only the
skin.
EXCORIATURA. Excoriation.
BXCREA'TION, Excren'tio, Exscrea'tio,
Sciefi'liii, Easca'tio, from ex, and screare, ' to
spit.' Act of spitting. (F.) Crachemeiit. See
Exspuitin.
EX'CREMENT, Excremen'tnm, Retrimen'tiim,
Ex'-i-c'lHiii, Excre'tio, Peril'toma, Diachore'ma,
Aph'iidnii, Aplii/den'ma, Apocho'reon, Apoc'riais,
Aidnii. Ar'diilns, from excernere, excretiini, {ex,
and cenicie,) 'to separate,' 'cleanse.' Every-
thing, which is evacuated from the body of an
animal by the natural emunctories, as superfluous;
such as the faecal matters, the urine, perspiration,
nasal mucus, &c. Generally, however, the term
is restricted to the faecal evacuations; — Piirga-
vientn, Hedra, Sedes, Facea, Stevens, Ciicce, Spat'-
He, (especially when liquid,) Dejec'tio alvi'na
O'nern ah'i, Sordes veittiis, Hi/pochore'ma, Cce'-
Vii, Hiip'ichore'ais, Merda, 3lerdu8, Catarrhex'is,
Coprox, Scot:
ExcuEMEXT, Hi'MAN, Stercus humanum.
EXCREMENTIT"IAL, Excremeiitit"iom,Ex-
crementit" ins, (F.) Excrementeux, Excrementitiel.
That which is similar to excrement, and forma
part of it. Excieiiiciitiliiil Innnonin ur pnrlii are
those destined to bo evacuated as iiicapiible of
administering to the nutrition of (lie body.
EXCREMEN'TO-KECREMKXTIT"lAL,£'x-
crciiieiito- ricreiiieiitil"i<>n>i. Animal fluids, in-
tended to be partly absorbed and jiartly rcjeoted.
EXCRKS'CENCE, Exciencen'tia, Kcphy'via,
Pfii/mrito'nis, HijperHnrco'aiii, Siiicophi/'iu, Caro
excres'ceim, from exciencere, {ex, and crencere,]
' to grow outwards.' (Sc.) Snialme. (F.) AVpco?'*-
saiice. A tumour, which forms at tlie surlace of
organs, and especially on the skin, mucous mem-
branes, or ulcerated surfaces. Excrescences differ
in size, shape, cause, Ac, and each requires its
own treatment. ]\'(irl8, condj/liniiata, poli/pi,
ho/iionhoidK, belong to this head.
EXCRESCENTIA, Exacerbation, Protube-
rance, Tumour- — e. Carnosa, Sarcoma — e. Fun-
gosa, Fungosity — e. Gingivaa, Epulis — e. Vesicse
urinaria carnosa, Cysthypersarcosis,
EXCRETA, see Excretion.
EXCHErEUR, Excretory.
EXCRETIO, Excretion, Excrement — e. Alvi-
na. Defecation — e. F<eeum alvinarum. Defecation
— e. Ilrinw involuntaria, Enuresis.
EXCRE'TION, Excre'tio, Ec'crisln, Eracua'-
tio, EJcc'tio, Expid'sio, Ei/en'tio, Diackore'ais,
from excernere, excretiim, {ex, and cerncre.) ' to
separate.' The separation or throwing off of
those matters, Excre'tn, E(/e8'tri, loii'tn, Apion'tn,
from the body of an animal, which are supposed
to be useless, as the urine, perspiration, and
fseees.
EXCRETOIKE, Excretory.
EX'CRETORY, Excrelo'rins, {¥.) Excrdeur
ou Excrdoire ; same etymon. An Excretory
vessel or duct, Dnctus excreto'rins, is one which
transmits the fluid secreted by a gland either
externally or into the reservoirs into which it has
to be deposited. The existence of an excretory
duct was regarded as a distinctive character of
the glands properly so called.
ExcuETORY Organ means any one charged
with the oSice of excreting; thus, the skin is
said to be an excretory organ, because through
it the perspiration takes place.
EXCRETUM, Excrement.
EXCIiOISSANCE. Excrescence.
EXCU'TIA VENTRIC'ULI, Stomach Brush.
An instrument, composed of iron or brass wire,
at one of the extremities of which is a pencil of
bristles. Some ancient authors proposed this to
extract foreign bodies from the resophagus, as
well as to cleanse the stomach of viscid and tena-
cious matters adhering to it.
EXECHEBRONCHUS, Bronchoeele.
EXECHEGLUTI, Exischioi.
EXEDENS, see Herpes exedens.
EXELCOSIS, see Ulceration.
EXELCYS'MOS, from t|, 'from,' and «Xow,
'I draw.' Extraction. Also the act of breaking
out into ulcers.
EXELCYSMUS, Extraction.
EXENCEPHALE, from tl 'out of,' and
tyK!.<pa\ov, 'the enccphalon.' A genus of monsters,
in which the enccphalon is situate in a great mea-
sure out of the cranium, the upper portion of
which is almost wholly wanting. Isid. G. St.
Ililaire.
EXENTERATION, Exenterisraus.
EXENTERIS'MUS, Excntcr'isis, Exentera'-
tio, Exeiitern'tioii, Eriscera'tioii, Deriscera'tioii,
Unhoio'elliiig, Embow'ellinf/ or fmbow'elliii'j, Viace-
rn'tion, from tf, 'out of,' and tvrtftov, 'an intes-
tine.' The operation of taking out the bowels.
EXERA'MA, from tffpuu, ' I throw out.' Any
thing cast out. Vomiting; or the matter vomited.
— Hippocrates.
EXEllCISE
361
EXOGENOUS
EX'ERCISE, Exercila'tio, Exercifinm, Aace'-
tia, GyiiDKt'aion, from exercere, exercilitm, 'to
work.' Every motion of the body arising from
the contraction of muscles subjected to the will.
Also, the action of any organ whatever. Exer-
cise may be active or pasnive. The passive are
referred to, under the head of Gestation. The
chief active exercises are: — waliiing, running,
dancing, hunting, fencing, playing at ball, cricket,
racket, ((uoits, swimming, declamation, and sing-
ing. Exercise is an important prophylactic, par-
ticularly for those disposed to bo plethoric. It
improves the digestion ; augments the secretions;
nnd, when used in moderation, gives strength to
the Ixxly ; but when carried to excess, produces
debililv and disease.
EXKKRIIO'SIS, from tl, 'out of,' and pc(o, 'I
flow.' The discharge which takes place by in-
sensibli! perspiration.
EXFO-rrATrON. see Pregnancy.
EX FOLIA TU\ Exfoliative.
EXFOLIA'TION, Enfolia'tlo, Denquama'tio,
Edep'txia, Eclcip'iais, from ex, and folium, ' a
leaf.' IJy this is meant the separation of the dead
portions of a bone, tendon, aponeurosis, or car-
tilage, under the form of lamellae or small scales.
Exfoliation is accomplished by the instinctive
action of the parts, and its object is to detach the
dead jiortion from those subjacent, which are
still alive. For this purpose the latter throw out
fleshy granulations, and a more or less abundant
suppuration occurs, which tends to separate the
exfoliated part, — now become an extraneous
body. The ancients distinguished exfoliation
into seunih/e and iiiaennihle, according as the dead
portions of bone were detached in fr.agments of
greater or less size, or in very thin pieces, and in
an almost insensible manner. When the dead
part embraces all or almost all the substance of a
bone, it takes the name Sequestrum.
EXFO'LIATIVE. Exfolinti' i-na, Desquamnto'.
riitu, (F.) ErfoUatif. That which takes away by
leaves or scales. The term has been applied to
certain medicines, which were regarded as proper
to hasten exfoliation, such as alcohol, oil of tur-
pentine, tincture of myrrh, Ac.
Exfo'liativk Trt;i>a\, Eclepinitrep' nnum. An
ancient raspatory, or instrument for scraping ex-
foliating portions of bone.
EXHALAISON, Exhalation.
EXIIA'LANT, E.vha'letit, Exha'lana, from ex-
halnre, exholatum, {ex, and hnlare, 'to breathe,')
'to exhale,' 'throw out.'
ExMAi^ANT Vesski.s, Vaaa exhalan'tia, are
very minute, and rise from the arterial capillary
system. The}' are situate in every tissue of the
body, and on the surface of the mucous and se-
rous membranes and skin ; on which each pours
its particular fluid. Bichat distinguished three
sets. 1. The ejrlcninl, terminating on the mucous
and external dermoid system, where they pour
the matter of perspiration. 2. The internal, com-
prising those of the areolar and medullary tis-
sues, and of synovial surfaces; and, 3. The nutri-
tii-e ejlialiintu, which vary in each organ where
they are found, and preside over the phenomena
of composition and increase of every part of the
body. The exhalants are the antagonists of the
absorbents. They are imaginary vessels, inas-
much as thev cannot be detected.
EX II A L AT 1 0, Evaporation.
EXIIALA'TION, Exhala'tio; same etymon.
Anathi/mi'asin, Apopncu'six, (F.) Exhnlfiinon. A
function, by virtue of which certain fluids, oh-
taincd from the blood, are spread, in the form of
dew, in the areolae of the difi"erent textures, or at
the surface of membranes; either for the sake of
being thrown out of the body, or to serve certain
purposes. The sweat is a liquid, excrementitioua
exhalation ; the serous fluid of the pleura, a
liquid recrement it iiiua exhalation.
Exhalation is, also, applied to that which ex-
hales from any body whatever, organic or inor-
ganic, dead or living.
Exhalation, Pulmonary, see Perspiration.
EXHAUS'TION, Exar'ysia, Virea exhaust' a,
from exhanrire, exhauatum, [ex, and haurire,) 'to
draw out.' (F.) Epuisement. Loss of strength,
occasioned by excessive evacuations, great fatigue
or privation of food, or by disease.
EXHIL'ARANT, Exhil'arana, from ex, and
hiloro, 'I make merry.' An agent that exhila-
rates or enlivens.
EXIIUMA'TION, Exhumn'tio, Effos'sio, from
ex, and humua, 'the ground.' The disinterment
of a corpse. The circumstances which render
this necessary are: — 1. Judicial investigations
relative to the body of the person inhumed. 2.
The removal of a body from one cemetery to
another; and, 3. The evacuation of cemeteries or
sepulchral vaults. The operation is attended
with much unpleasant smell and annoyance, and
requires the use of disinfecting agents, of which
the most powerful is chlorinated lime. .See Dis-
infection. The putrid effluvia from animal sub-
stances are not, however, found to excite endemic
disease.
EXIDIA AURICULA JVBM, Peziza auri-
cula.
EXINANIT"IOjSr, Exinunit"io, from ex, 'out
of,' and inanin, 'empty.' Extreme exhaustion;
complete evacuation.
EXISCiriUM. Same etymon as the next.
Prominence of the hips.
EXIS'CHIUS, Exia'chw, from if, 'out of,'
and tcrxtov, 'the ischium.' A luxation of the os
femoris. Those with large nates, and prominent
hips, were formerly called Exis'chioi and Exeehe-
(jlu'ti.
EXITU'RA, from exire, exitum, {ex, and eo,)
'to go out.' According to some, any abscess
which discharges. Paracelsus calls thus every
kind of putrid excrement.
EX'ITUS. Same etymon. The outer termi-
nation or exit of a canal. The termination of a
disease.
EXOARTERITIS, see Arteritis.
EXOCARDIAC, see Endocardiac.
EXOCARDIAL, see Endocardiac.
EXOCARDITIS, Pericarditis.
EX'OCHAS, Ex'oche, from e^cx'^' («!' »"<!
cx^u),) 'I project.' A soft tumour — as a hemor-
rhoid— outside of the anus. An outward pile.
EXOCIIE. Eminence, Exochas.
EXOCIIORION, see Chorion.
EXOCOLITIS, see Colitis.
EXOCULA'TIO, from ex, 'out of,' and ocnlna,
'an eye.' Want of eyes. Want of vision. Blind-
ness.
EXOCYS'TE, Exoctju'lia, from if, 'out of,' and
KvaTii, 'the bladder.' A prolapsus of the bladder
into the urethra.. Also called Frohip'sua vesi'cce,
jEdnpto'sia vesi'ccB, (F.) Renvemement de la veasie.
Exocys'te Noelia'na. Protrusion of the in-
ner membrane of the bladder. So called from
M. Noel, who first accurately described it.
Exocys'te Souxgenia'na. Protrusion of the
neck of the bladder. Called after M. Solingen,
who first accurately described it.
EXCEDESIS, Swelling.
EXODIC. Kff-erent.
EXO(i"EN0US, from tf, 'out of,' and ycvvno),
'I engender.' A term first applied to plants —
hence called Ex'ogena — in which the wood in-
creases by annual additions to the outside.
In animal anatomy, processes which shoot out
from any part are termed exoijenous. An exoge-
EXOGENS
3G2
EXPECTORANT
noun aneurism is one caused by division, from
without, of the arterial walls.
KXOGENS, see Exogenous.
EXOGOGE, Extraction.
EXOGONIUM PURGA, Convolvulus jalapa.
EXOGONYAN'COX, from tfw, 'outwards,'
yovv, 'the knee,' and ay/cuv, 'an elbovp.' Bowing
of the knees outwards.
EXUfNE, E.rueiie, from ex, 'out of,' and jcfo-
ueiis, 'tit,' or rather from exonerure, 'to exone-
rate' [?]. In France, a certificate of excuse, ex-
emption, or dispensation, given to those sum-
moned to appear before a court of justice, and
who are unable to do so.
EXOLCE. Extraction.
EXOLUTION, Syncope.
EXOMETRA, Prolapsus uteri.
EXOMOIOSIS, Assimilation.
EXOMPIIALOCELE, Exompbalus.
EXOM'PHALUS. ExumhiUcii'tio, ExompJia-
loce'le, Oiii'phnloce'le, Hernia nnihilica'lis, Oin-
phalex'oche, Oniphalopropto'isii!, Frolap'snn umhi-
li'ci, (F.) Ncriiie omhUicule, H. du nomhril, Um-
bilical hernin, from £^, 'out of,' and o/;i0aAof, 'tbe
navel.' Hernia occurring at tbe navel. This
atfection happens more frequently in infants, and
takes place by the umbilical ring. In adults, it
occurs more commonly in females than in males ;
and, when it does so, the sac passes in the vici-
nity of the umbilicus. The organs, found in this
kind of hernia, are particularly, — tbe epiploon,
the jejunum, the arch of the colon, and some-
times the stomach. The tumour is, in general,
round, and presents all the characters of hernia.
It is, commonly, really reducible, and not sub-
ject to strangulation. It must be reduced, and
retained by an elastic bandage, made in the form
of a girdle, and furnished with a pad at its middle
jiart. When strangulated, the stricture may be
divided upwards and towards the left side.
EXONCO'MA, Exonco'nin, from tf, and oyKo;,
'a tumour.' A large, prominent tumour. Used,
\>y Galen, for protuberance of the vertebrae after
luxation.
EXONCOSIS, Exoncoma — e. Linguae, Glos-
soncus.
EXONEIROGMUS, Pollution, nocturnal.
EXONEIROSIS, Pollution, nocturnal.
EXONEURISM, Magnetism, animal.
EXOPHTHAL'MIA, Ptosis sen Prolap'sus seu
Prociden'tia Oc'idi seu Bidbi Octtli, Exorhitis'-
miis, Ophthalnwce'le, Ophthalmopto'sia, Oculi to-
tius prominen'tia, from el,, 'out of,' and o<p^a\iioi,
'eye.' (F.) Procidence de I'ocil. A protrusion
of the eye from its orbit, occasioned by an ab-
scess or tumour in the areolar texture of the
orbit; by exostosis of the parietes of the orbit,
Ac. In exopbthalmia, the eye is pressed for-
wards ; the eyelids are raised and separated, so
that they can no longer cover the eye and defend
it from the action of extraneous bodies ; it be-
comes inflamed, and the sight is disturbed or de-
stroyed. The treatment of course depends upon
the cause.
Exoi'HTHAi.MiA Fdngosa, Sarcosis bulbi — e.
Sareomatica, Sarcosis bulbi.
EXOPHTHALMUS, same etymon. One whose
eyes are very prominent. The opposite to Coe-
lophthalmus.
EXORBITISMUS, Exopbthalmia.
EXORMIA, Papula — e. Lichen, Lichen — e.
Prurigo. Prurigo— e. Strophulus, Strophulus.
EXORTUS UNGUIUiM, see Nail.
EXOSIS, Luxation.
EXO-SKELETON, see Skeleton.
EXOSMA, from tf, 'out of,' and uQeto, 'to
move.' A luxated or dislocated limb or organ.
EXOSMIC, Exosmotie.
EXOSMOSE', Exosmo'sis, Transuda'tion, from
£^, 'out of,' and lociios, 'impulse.' The oppnpjte
to Endosmose. The act l)y which substances
transude from within to without an animal or
other niemhrane.
EXOSMOT'IC, Exnsmnt' icHi, Exns'mic, Exoi'.
mic'ts ; same etymon. Belonging toExosmose:
— as an cxomtiotic current.
EXOSSATIO, Exostosis.
EXOSTEMMA CARIB^A, Cinchonso cnri-
baoiP cortex.
EXOSTOMA. Exostosis.
EXOSTOSE, Exostosis — e. des Dents, Exos-
tosis dcntium — e. Smts-inuj^nle, see Subungiiinl.
EXOSTO'SIS, I/upcrofto'sis, Emplni'mii ex-
ostosis, Exostij'iiin, Ejiosto' ma, Epostii'iii, Oste-
o'nia, Osto'nin. Osteupli'i/ta, Exossn'tiii, OksIh
Eminen'tia, (F.) Exostose, Osleophi/tc ; from c(,
'out of,' and oartnv, 'a bone.' An os^scoiis tu-
mour, which forms at the surface of bones, or in
their cavities. Various kinds have been cniune-
rated. I'vory Extisto'sis ; (F.) E.eburne.e; — that
which has tlie appearance and consistence of
ivory. Lnm'innr Exostii'sis ; (F.) E. Lnmiiu'e; —
that which is formed of laniitue in super|H)sition,
or of distinct filaments. The SpuiKjij Exasta'sis
is that whose structure is analogous to the spongy
tissue of bones. Exostoses are sometimes distin-
guished into the triw, which seem to be a iirojcc-
tion of the ()Sseons substance, and which have the
same organization and hardness as that substance;
and the false or osteo-sareoma. Exostosis may
depend on sypliilis, scrofula, rickets, gout, Ac.
In such cases, it is important to get rid of ths
primary disease.
Those exostoses, which occur within the bones,
have, by some, been called Enostoses.
Exostosis, Spina ventosa.
Exostosis Dentium, (F.) Exostose des Deuts.
Exostosis of the teeth.
Exostosis Stkatomatodes, Osteosteatoma — e.
Subunguial, see Subunguial.
EXOTERIC, see Esoteric.
EXOT'lC, Exo'tictis, from efu, 'without.' That
which comes from abroad. Plants or drugs which
are procured from abroad are so called. It is
opposed to indigenous.
EXOTICADEN'IA, from exotie, and akio, 'I
dislike.' Aversion for exotic drugs.
EXOTICH;?:MATOSrS, Transfusion.
EXOTICOMA'XIA. The opposite to exotica-
denia. Fondness for exotic remedies.
EXOTICOSYM'PIIYSIS, from i^wTiKOi, 'fo-
reign,' and avii<pvaii, 'a growing together.' A
union or growing together of foreign bodies, as
of a foreign body with the human.
EXPANSIO, Expansion — e. Musculosa, Pla-
tysma my<iides.
EXPAN'SION, Expan'aio, from ex]X(ndere,
expansum, (ex, and pandere, 'to open,') 'to spread
out.' A prolongation or spreading out, presented
by certain organs. Thus, we say an aponeurotic
expansion, &c.
EXPATRATIO, Ejaculation (of Sperm.)
EXPECTANT, Exspec'tans, from exspeelare,
exspectatnm, (ex, and spcctare, 'to look,') 'to
wait.' That which waits: — as ExpeclanI Medi-
cine,— La Medeeine expectante. See Expectation.
EXPECTA'TION, Exsj>,-cta'tio ; .same etymon.
The word expectation has been applied, in medi-
cine, to that method, which consists in observing
the progress of diseases, and removing deranging
influences, without prescribing active medicine.",
unless such shall be imperiously required. It
consists, in fact, in leaving the disease alinoft
wholly to the efforts of nature, and has been
termed the art of curing diseases by expeetutlon
or waitinrj — Ars sanan'di cum expectatio'ue.
EXPECTORANT, Expec'torative, Expn'lo-
rans, Anacathar'ticue, Sputato'rius, Antibe'chicut,
EXPECTORATIO
3 0 3
EXSTROPHIA
I'li/H'iii'if/otjiie, from ex, 'out of,' and pectui, pcc-
toiii, 'tiie breast.' A medicine capable of facili-
tating or provoking expectoration. There is pro-
liably no such thing as a direct expectorant.
Tbcy all act through the system, or by impres-
sion!* iliade on parts at a distance, which, through
the inciiium of general, continuous, or contiguous
fiympathy, excite the secretory vessels of the air-
pa.^siigcs into action. The following are the
chief reputed expectorants : — Ammoniacum ; Asa-
fd'tida; Galbanum; Ipecacuanha; Myroxylon ;
Myrrlia; Inhalations of Iodine, Stramonium,
Tar, Burning Wool, Tobacco, <tc. ; Scillaj Sene-
ga, and Tolutanum.
EXPECTORATIO, Expectoration — e. San-
guinis, Ilaimoptysis — e. Solida, Cynanche tra-
chea lis.
EXl'ECTORA'TION, Expectora'tio, EcxheV-
ynin, Bex hu'mida, Aitap'ti/sii, Prop'tyais, Stetho-
cnlhftr'ais, Anacalhar'sis, Anahex'is, liaising.
Same etymon. The act of expelling from the
chest matters or secretions there colle<'ted or ex-
isting. It is, likewise, used for the expectorated
matter.
EXPECTORATION' BE SANG, ILxmop-
tysis.
Expectoration, Prune-juice, see Prune-
juiee.
EXPECTORATIVE, Expectorant.
EXPELLENS, Expulsive.
EXPE'RIENCE, Experien'tia, Peira, Empei'-
rn, from tf, and irti/va, 'a trial.' A knowledge of
things aecjuired by observation. In medicine,
this knowledge can be obtained both by the prac-
titioner's own experience, and by that obtained
from tradition and from books. To protit by ex-
perience requires a mind capable of appreciating
the proper relations between cause and efi'ect ;
and hence it happens, that fdise experience, Ex-
perien'lia falldx, is extretnely common ; and that
a man had better, in many instances, trust to
that whioh he has learned from others, than to
his own fallacious observation.
The union of accurate observation by the phy-
sician with that handed down by medical writers
coni^tihites perfect experience, so far as it is at-
tainable in any individual case.
EXPERIENCE, Experiment — e. de jVariotte,
Mariolte, experiment of.
EXPER'IMENT, Expcrimen'tum ; same ety-
mon. (F.) Experience. A trial, made on the
bodies of men or animals, for the purpose of de-
tecting the efi'ect of a remedy, or of becoming
better acquainted with their structure, functions,
or pccnliarities. In a more general sense, it
means .any trial instituted with the intent of be-
coming better acquainted with any thing. By
experiments on living animals, we have obtained
much valuable information in the various depart-
ments of medicine ; but particularly in physi-
ology and toxicology.
Experiment of Mariotte, see Jlariotte.
Experiment of Wepfer, E.vperimen'tum Wep-
feria'num. An experiment attributed to AVepfer,
which consisted in injecting air into the blood-
vessels of animals, with the view of observing its
effects on the economv.
EXPERS NUPTIARUM, Virgin.
EXPERT (F.), Expcr'tHs, from e.r, und peritun,
'skilled.' Skilful or of good experience. A phy-
sician, charged with the duty of making a report,
(F.) K.rprriisc, upon any case of legal medicine.
EXPK/i'T/Si:, see Expert.
EXPIR.V'TION, E.vplra'tio, E.rspirn't{o, Ec'-
piioe, Ecjiiieiiniato'Kis, Eepnen'nln, Apnpneu'sin,
Apop'noe, Aj>i>j)n<v'a, from e-mpirare. (ex, and
fpirarc, spirnttini,) 'to breathe out.' The act of
e.\pelling from the chest, the air received during
respiration.
EX'PIRATORY, Expiratio'n i inser'viens.
Same etymon. Relating or appertaining to ex-
piration. The expiratory muscles are all those
which contribute to diminish the cavity of the
chest, for the purpose of expelling the air con-
tained in the lungs, or of producing expiration.
These muscles are, chiefly, the intereostals, tri-
angularis sterni, quadratus lumborum, serratus
posticus inferior, the oblique and recti muscles of
the abdomen, and the sacro-lumbalis.
EXPLORATIO, Exploration — e. Abdominis,
Abdominoscopia.
EXPLORA'TION, E.rplorn'tin, Pecofjnif'io,
from explorare, explorntum, 'to search into.' The
act of observing and attentivelj' examining or in-
vestigating every thing connected with a case of
disease. The word is chiefly used in this sense
by the French practitioners.
EXPLORA'TOR, CHEST. An instrument,
proposed by Dr. B. Babington for exploring the
chest in cases of empyema. It consists of a
needle, contained in the smallest sized canula.
This is passed between the ribs into the chest.
The needle is then withdrawn, and the escape of
fluid indicates the nature of the case.
EXPLORATORIUM, Sound, Specillnm.
EXPRES'SION, E.rpres'aio, Ecpiea'mns, Ec-
thlip'aia, from ex, 'out of,' and jtreniere, prcaaum,
'to press.' The act of compressing a substance,
for the purpose of separating from it the fluids
whicli it contains. Also, the manner in which
impressions made upon us are depicted; especi-
ally in the traits of the countenance.
Expression of Sweat, (F.) Suenr d'exprea-
sion, is a term given to the passive perspiration
observable in very debilitated individuals.
EXPUrriON, Exspuition.
EXPULSIO, Excretion — e. Fajcum, Defecation
— e. FciPtfls, Parturition.
EXPVLSIF. Expulsive.
EXPULSION, SPONTANEOUS, Evolution,
spontaneous.
EXPUL'SIVE, Expel'lena, Expvho'riva, (F.)
Expuhif, from expel/ere, expulaum, (ex, and pel-
lere,) ' to drive away.'
' An expulaive bandage, (F.l Bandage expuhif,
is one constructed with the view of compressing
a part, from which we are desirous of expelling
pus, serum, Ac. Certain medicines were formerly
called expiilaives, which were believed to have
the power of driving the humours towards the
skin : — as diaphoretics, and sndorifics.
EXPULTRIX, see Vis expultrix.
EXSA NG I 'E. Exanguious.
EXSANGUINE, Exanguious.
EXSANGUINITY, Anamia.
EXSANGUIS, Exanguious. Exsangnia is
used by Ausonius for one exhausted by venery;
— as aangvia meant sperm as well as blood. See
Sperm.
EXSARCOMA, Sarcoma.
EXSCREATIO. Excreation.
EXSECTIO VIRILIUM, Castration.
EXSECTUS. Castratus, Eunuch.
EXSICCATIO. Drvinsr.
EXSICCATIVA, Desiccativa.
EXSOLUTIO. Eclysis.
EXSPIRATIO. Exspiration.
EXSPUIT"ION, Exxpnit"io, SpinY'io, Spu-
ta'tin, Anaclircmp'aia, Apoeliremp'sla. Chremp'nis,
Pli/aia, Anacine'mn, Anncine'aia, (F.) Expiiilion,
Spntalion, from ex, 'out of,' and spno, 'I spit.'
Rejection of the matters accumulated in the pha-
rynx and larvnx; spitting.
EXSTASIS. Eestasis,
EXSTIR PATIO, Extirpation.
EXSTROPiriA, Ex'atrophy. Ec'etmphe, from
tf. 'out of,' and crpocfirj, 'turning.' Ejlrnver'aio,
Extrover'aion. Eversion or turning out of a part
EXSUCCATIO
8 04
EXTENSOR
— as of the eyelids. A term used by M. Chaus-
sier for certain displacements of organs, and
especially of the urinary bladder.
ExsTiiopii'iA or Ex'sTiiopHY OP THE Bladder,
(F.) Reitvernemeiit de la Vessic, is a faulty con-
formation, in which the organ opens above the
pubes ; so that in the hypogastric region there is
a red, mucous surface, formed by the inner coat
of the bladder; on which two prominences are
distinguishable, corresponding to the openings
of the ureters.
EXSUCCATIO. Ecchymoma.
EXSUC'TIO. Siic'tio, Ecmyze'sis, from ex, and
eiirjere. mictitm, 'to suck.' The action of sucliing.
■EXSUD\TI0, Ephidrosis.
EXSUFFLATIO, Ecphysesis.
EXTA, fee Entrails.
EXTASE, Ecstasis. '
EXTEMPORA'NEOUS, Extempora'neus, Ex-
temporn'lis, (F. ) Extemporane, from ex, and tem-
pns, (emporis, 'out of time.' Those prescriptions
are called 'extemporaneous,' or 'magistral,' which
are made on the Spot, and composed according to
the presr-rintion of the physician.
EXTENSEUR COMMUN DES DOIGTR,
Extensor digitorum communis — e. Commiin des
orteih. Extensor communis digitorum pedis — e.
Court dii ponce, Extensor pollicis brevis — e. Long
da ponce. Extensor longus pollicis — e. Petit des
orteih, Extensor brevis digitorum pedis — e.
Propre dii petit doigt. Extensor proprius minimi
digiti — e. Propre de I' Index, Extensor proprius
indicis.
EXTENSIBIL'ITY, Extcnsihil'itas. A pro-
perty, possessed by certain bodies, of being ca-
pable of extension or elongation.
EXTEXSTO, Extension, Tetanus.
EXTEN'SION, Exten'sio, Tasis, Ec'tasis, Ca-
tnt'aiix, Anat'nuis, from extendere, {ex, and ten-
dere, tensiim,) 'to stretch out.' An operation in
surgery, in which either with the hands alone, or
by straps, a fractured or luxated limb is pulled
strongly, to restore it to its natural position. It
is the opposite of Counter-extennion.
EXTENSOR. Same etymon. (F.) Exfcnseur.
A muscle, whose office is to extend certain parts.
Extensor Brevis Digito'rum Prdis, Ped'i-
om, (F.) Cd/caneo-phnlanr/inien commun, of Du-
J[AS ; Muscle pp.dieux ou petit extcnueur des orteila,
Calcanio-sns-phcilangeitien commun — (Ch.), Carre
dii pied ; Short Extennor of the Toes. A muscle,
sitttate on the dorsal region of the foot. It arises
from the external surface of the calcancum, and
at the anterior edge of a ligament, which unites
that bone to the astragalus. Anteriorly, each of
its divisions terminates by a small tendon, which
is fixed successively, at the superior part of the
posterior extremity of the first phalanx of the
great toe, and to the second and last phalanges
of the next three toes. Its use is to extend the
first four toes, and to direct them a little outwards.
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis, see lladi-
alis — e. Carpi radialis longus, see Radialis — e.
Carpi ulnaris, see Cubital muscles.
Extensor Commu'nis DioiTo'nusf Pedis, E.
Longus Digitorum Pedis, E. Digitorum longus,
Cnemodactijla' us. (F.) Peroneo-tihi-sns-phalanget-
tien commun, Peroneo-sus-phnlangetticn commun,
Extenseur commun des Orteils. This musole,
also, is situate at the anterior part of the leg. It
is long, thin, flattened, simple, and fleshy above,
and divided into four tendons below. It arises
from the outer tuberosity of the tibia and the an-
terior surface of the fibula, and is inserted into
the superior part of the posterior extremity of
the second and third phalanges of the last four
toes. It extends the three phalanges of these
toes.
Extensor Digito'rum Commu'.vis, E. digito-
rum communis mnnds cum exienso're pro'prto aiirt-
cnla'ris, Digito'rum Tensor; (F.) Epicondylo-
Rus-phnlangettien commun — (Ch.,) — Extenseur
commun des Dolgts, Counnon Extensor of the Fin-
gers. A long, flattened muscle; simple above,
and divided into four portions inferiorly. It is
situate at the posterior part of the forearm;
arises from the external tuberosity of the hume-
rus ; from the aponeurosis of tlie forenrni, and
from the aponeurotic septa situate between it and
the neighbouring muscles, and is inserted at the
posterior surface of the second and third phn-
langos of the last four fingers. This muscle ex-
tends the phalanges of the last four fingers upon
each other, and upon the metacarpal bone. It
can, also, extend the hand on the forearm.
Extensor DiciTOiirnr Loxons, E. communis
digitorum pedis — e. Longus digitorum jicdis, E.
communis digitorum pedis — e. Proprius hallucis,
E. proprius pollicis pedis — e. Indicis, E. proprius
indicis — e. Internodii ossis pollicis, E. longus
pollicis — e. Primi internodii. Abductor longus
pollicis.
Extensor Poi/ijcis Brevis, E. minor pol'Ucis
manAs seu primi interno'dii seu pol'Ucis primus
sen secun'di interno'dii (Douglas,) seu secun'di
interno'dii ossis pol'Ucis ; (F.) Cubitn-sus-phalan-
gien du pouce, — (Ch.), Court extenseur dn pouce.
Seated at the posterior and inferior part of the
forearm. It is thin, long, and broader at its
middle than at the extremities. It arises from
the posterior surface of the ulna and the inter-
osseous ligament, and is inserted behind the su-
perior extremity of the first phalanx of the
thumb. It extends the thumb, and aids in supi-
nation.
Extensor Pol'licis Longus; E. major pol'U-
cis mands seu secun'di interno'dii seu pollicis
seeun'dns seu ter'tii interno'dii (DoUGLAS,) seu
interno'dii ossis pol'licis, (F.) Cuhito-sus-phnlnn-
gcttien du pouce, — (Ch.), 3fuscle long extenseur du
pouce. This muscle is long, flat, and fusiform;
and is seated at the posterior part of the forearm.
It arises from the posterior surfiice of the ulna
and the interosseous ligament, and is inserted at
the posterior part of the superior extremity of the
first phalanx of the thumb. It extends the last
phalanx of the thumb upon the first.
Extensor Pro'prius In'dicis, E. proprius
primi d!g"iti manOs, E. In'dicis, Indica'tor seU
secun'di interno'dii in'dicis pro'prius. (P.) Cu-
hito-sus-phalangettien de I'lndex, — (Ch.), Exten-
seur propre de V Index. This muscle is long and
thin ; broader in the middle than at the extremi-
ties; and is situate at the posterior part of the
forearm. It arises from the posterior surface of
the ulna, and is inserted at the posterior part of
the upper extremity of the second and third pha-
langes of the indox-fingor. It extends the three
phalanges of the index-finger; and has, besides,
the same uses as the other extremities of the
fingers.
Extensor Pro'prius Min'imi Dig"iti, (F.)
Epicon'h/lo-sus-phnlangettien du petit doigt, —
(Ch.), Extenseur propre dn petit doigt. Situate
on the inside of the Extensor communis digilo'rwii.
It arises from the external condyle of the OS
humeri and the aponeurotic septa seated between
it, the extensor communis digitorum, and the
extensor carpi ulnaris ; and is inserted into the
last two phalanges of the little finger. Its use is
to extend the little finger, and even the hand
upon the forearm.
Extensor Pro'prius Poi,'ltcts Pedis, E. pro-
prius Hnl'lucis seu Longus (Doi'GLAS,) seu pollicis
longus, Peroneo-sus-phalangien du pouce, Peronh-
SHS-phnl.angettien du pouce, — (Ch.) This muscle
is situate at the anterior part of the leg. It i«
EXTENUATIO
3 65
EXTR ACTUM
fleshy, broad, flat above; small and tendinous
below. It iirices from the anterior part of the
inidflic third of the fibula, and is inserted into the
posterior jiart of the superior extremity of the
last i)halanx of the great toe. It extends the
iant phalanx of the great toe upon the first, and
the first ujxin the first metacarpal bone.
ExTKNsoR PiuMi Inteunodii, E. polUcis brevis
— e. Secuiidi internodii, E. pollicis brevis, Ex-
tensor loncjus poUieis — e. Secundi internodii in-
dicis proprius, E. proprius indicis — e. Tertii inter-
nodii, E. longus pollicis — e. Tertii internodii
indifis, Prior annularis — e. Tertii internodii mi-
nimi di^^iti, Al)ductor minimi digiti — e. Ossis
inetacarpi pollicis manfls. Abductor longus pol-
licis— e. Pollicis longus, E. proprius pollicis pedis
— e. Pollicis seeundus, E. longus pollicis — e. Mi-
nor pollicis manils, E. pollicis brevis — e. Primus
pollicis, Abductor longus pollicis.
Extensor Tarsi Magnus, E. Tarsi sura'lis.
A name given, by some anatomists, to the gas-
trocnemius and soleus combined.
ExTKXsoH Tarsi Minor, Plantar muscle.
EXTENUATIO, Emaciation.
EXTKIKJENTIA, Detergents.
EXTEll'NAL DISEASES, Extrin'aic Bis-
enses, Morhi extriu'sect, Surgical diseases, (F.)
Maladies externes. Those diseases which occupy
the surface of the body, and form the object of
surgical pothology, requiring, generally, external
means, or surgical operations.
EXTERNA T. The post or office of an externe.
EXTEKXE, see House-surgeon.
EXTlillNIIS AURIS, Laxator tympani — e.
Mallei, Laxator tympani.
EXTESTICULATUS, Castratus, Eunuch.
EXTINCT 10, Death— e. Ilydrargyri, Ex-
tinction of Mercury — e. Mercurii, Extinction of
Mercury.
ExTiNCTio Vocis, (P.) Extinction de mix. The
French use this term for cases in which the voice
is not wholly suppressed, but jiroduccs only fee-
ble sounds : — Incomplete aphonia.
Extin'c'tion of Mer'curv, Extinc'tio Ilfercu'rii
seu Ilydrar'yi/ri. Trituration of mercury with
lard or other suhstance, until the metiiUic globules
disappear. The mercury is tlien so divided, that
it forms a black powder, generally considered
to be a protoxide of mercurj', but, perhaps, erro-
neouslv.
EXtlRPATIO, Extirpation— e. Lingua, Glos-
fiosteresis — e. Tosticulorum, Castratio.
EXTIUPA'TIOX, Extirpa'tio, Exstirpa'tio,
Abltt'lio, Ajihce'resia, from exfirpnre, {ex, and
ttirps, 'a root,') 'to root out.' The complete re-
moval or destruction of any part, either by cut-
ting instruments or the action of caustics. Thus,
we speak of the extirpation of cancer, polypus,
encvstod tumour, Ac.
EXTOMIUS. Eunuch.
EXTOZOA. Ectozoa.
EXTOZOAIRES, Ectozoa.
EXTOZOA HIA, Ectozoa.
EXTRA . PEL VIO-PUDI- TROCHANTE-
RIEX, Obturator externus.
EXTR.\CT, E.Ktractum — e. of Aconite, Ex-
tractum acoiiiti— e. of Aconite, alcoholic, Extrac-
tum aeoniti alcoholicum — e. Alcoholic, see Ex-
tractum — e. of Aloes, Extractum aloes — e. of
Bark, Extractum cinchoni\; — e. of Bark, resinous,
Extractum cinchona^ re.sinosum — o. of Belladonna,
Kxtractiim belladonnip — e. of Belladonna, alco-
holic, Extractum belladonn.T- alcoholicum — e.
of Bitterswc^'t, Extractum dulcamarfB — e. of
Broom-tops. Extractum oacuminnm genistfe — e.
of Butternut, K\lractum juglandis — e. of Casca-
rilla, resinous. Extractum cascarilhp resinosuni —
e. of Chamomile, K. anthcmidis — e. of Cinchona,
Extractum cinchona} — e. of Culchicum, Extract
of Colehicum — e. of Colchicum, acetic, Extrac-
tum colchici aceticum — e. of Colocynth, Extrac-
tum colocynthidis — e. of Colocynth, compound,
Extractum colocynthidis compositum — e. of Cu-
bebs, fluid, Extractum cubebaj fluidum — e. of
Dandelion, Extractum taraxaci — e. of Elaterium,
Extractum elaterii — e. of Ergot, Ergotin — e.
Ethereal, see Extractum — e. of Foxglove, Ex-
tractum digitalis- — e. of Gentian, Extractum gen-
tianae — e. of Hemlock, Extractum cicutse — e. of
Hellebore, black, Extractum hellebori — e. of
Hemlock, alcoholic, Extractum conii alcoholicum
— e. of Henbane, Extractum hyoscyami — e. of
Henbane, alcoholic, Extractum hyoscyami alco-
holicum— e. of Hops, Extractum huinili, E.
lupuli — e. of Jalap, Extractum jalapaj — e. of
Lettuce, Extractum lactucae — e. of Liquorice,
Extractum glycyrrhizaj — e. of Logwood, Extrac-
tum hacmatoxyli — e. of Mayapple, Extractum
podophylli — e. of Meat, saponaceous, Osmazome
— e. of Nux Vomica, Extractum nucis vomicae —
e. of Oak-bark, Extractum corticis quercfls — e.
of Pareira Brava, Extractum pareiras — e. of
White Poppy, Extractum papaveris — e. of Quas-
sia, Extractum quassiae — e. of Quinia, Extractum
quiniae — e. of Rhatany, Extractum kranicrisB — e.
of Rhubarb, Extractum rhei — e. of Rhubarb,
fluid, Extractum rhei fluidum — e. of Rue, Ex-
tractum rutae — e. of Sarsaparilla, Extractum sar-
saparillae — e. of Sarsaparilla, fluid, Extractum
sarsaparillae fluidum — e. of Saviue, Extractum
foliorura sabinac — e. of Senna, fluid, Extractum
sennae fluidum — e. of Spigelia and Senna, Ex-
tractum spigeliae et sennaj — e. of Stramonium,
Extractum stramonii — e. of Uva Ursi, Extractum
uvaj ursi — e. of Valerian, Extractum valerian89
— e. of Wormwood, Extractum cacumiuum ab-
sinthii.
EXTRACTA, see Extractum — e. Fluida, see
Extractum.
EX TEA C TTF, Extra cti ve.
EXTRACTION, Extrae'tio, Exa'resis, Ex-
ogo'ge, Exolce, Exelcys'mus, Enchi/lo'sia, from
extraheve, extractum, (ex, and trahere,) 'to draw
out.' The act of removing an extraneous sub-
stance from any part of the body. Thus, a
sjilinter is said to be extracted. It is also ap-
l)lied to the removal of certain parts. The cata-
ract is said to be extracted ; a tooth is extracted,
when carious, &c.
EXTRACTIVE, (F.) Extract!/. Same ety-
mon. A peculiar, immediate principle, which
has been admitted in extracts. Thus, bitter
extractive is the immediate principle of bitter
vegetables, &c.
EXTRACTS, see Extractum — e. Fluid, see
Extractum.
EXTRACTUM, E.rtract, Ecchylo'ma, (F.)
Extra it, Apostole. Same etymon. An extract
is prepared by evaporating vegetable solutions,
till a tenacious mass is obtained. When prepared
from an infusion or decoction, it is called a watery ;
from ether, an ethereal; and from alcohol, an
alcohol'ic or a spirituous extract. Both kinds
contain all the principles of the vegetable that
are soluble in the menstrua with which they are
pre])ared ; but the volatile parts are dissipated,
and some of the fixed parts are decomposed; the
proper extractive is oxygenized, and the virtues
of the vegetable substance consequently altered
or destroyed. Extracts are hard, soft, or fluid :
the consistenc-e of the soft being such as to retain
the pilular form without the addition of a powder.
A patent was taken out, many j-ears ago, by a
Mr. Barry, of London, for preparing them in
vacuo; and, as the temperature is much lower
than in the ordinary method, the virtues of the
plant are less altered, and the extracts are gene-
rally green. Extracts are also prepared by dis-
EXTRACTUM
3G6
EXTRACTUM
placement or percolation. They have, likewise,
received different names, according to their pre
dominant principle. The gummy or mucous, or
mucilaginous, are those which are mainly com-
posed of gum or mucilage. Gum tragacanth
may be considered a pure gummy extract. Gela-
tinous extracts are those composed especially of
gelatin ; resinous extracts, those of a resinous
character; extracto-resinuus, those composed of
extractive or colouring matter and resin ; gum-
resinous, those containing gum and resin; and
eapona'ceous or sapona'coous saline, those con-
taining a notable quantity of saline substances
and a resinous matter, so combined with mucus
and other soluble substances, that they cannot be
separated. Under the name Fluid Extracts —
Extracta Flu'ida — a class of preparations has
been introduced into the United States Pharma-
copoeia (1851), the distinctive character of which
is, the concentration of the active ingredients of
medicinal substances into a small bulk, in the
liquid form. Estractum sarsaparillae fluidum is
one of these.
ExTRACTDM Absin'thii Cacu'minum, Extract
of Wormioood. (A decoction defecated and eva-
porated.) The flavour is dissipated along with
the essential oil. It is a bitter tonic. Dose, gr.
X to 9j, in pill.
ExTRACTUM Aconi'ti, Extract of Ac'onite, Suc-
cus spissa'tus aconiti nnpelli, {from the inspissated
juice without defecation.) It is esteemed to be
narcotic and diuretic; and has been given in the
cases referred to under Aconitum. Dose, gr. j,
gradually increasing it.
ExTRACTUM Aconi'ti Alcohol'iciim, Alcoholic
Extract of Aconite. {Aconit. in pulv. crass. Ibj ;
Alcohol, dilut. Oiv. Moisten the aconite with
half a pint of diluted alcohol : let it stand for 24
hours: transfer it to a displacement apparatus,
and gradually add the remainder of the diluted
alcohol. When the last portion of this has pene-
trated the aconite, pour in from time to time
water sufScient to keep the powder covered.
Stop the filtration when the liquid which passes
begins to produce a precipitate, as it falls, in
that which has already passed. Distil off the
alcohol, and evaporate to a proper consistence. —
Ph. U. S.) Dose, half a grain or a grain.
ExTRACTUM Al'oMs, Extract of Aloes, E. aloes
aquo'sum seu purifica'tum, Pu'rified extract of
aloes. {The gummy part extracted hy boiling
water, defecated and inspissated.) Dose, gr. v to
gr. XV.
ExTRACTUM Aloes Aquosum, E. aloes — e.
Aloes purificatum, E. aloes.
ExTRACTUM Anthem'idis, E. anthemidis no'-
hilis seu chamcBme'li seu florum chamcsme'li. Ex-
tract of Cham'omile. The volatile oil is dissipated
in this preparation. It is a pure, grateful bitter,
and is tonic and stomachic. Dose, gr. x to gr.
XX, in pills.
ExTRACTUM AsPARAGi, scc Asparagus.
ExTRACTUM BELLAnON'NvE, Succus spissa'tus
ot'ropa helladon'nm. Extract of Belladon'na {an
expressed Juice inspissated). Properties same
as those of the plant. Dose, gr. i, gradually
increased. It dilates the pupil when applied to
the eye.
ExTRACTUM BelladonnvE Alcohol'icum, Al-
rohol'ic extract of Belladonna. (Prepared like
the extractum aconiti alcoholicum. — Ph. U. S.)
Dose, half a grain or a grain.
Extractum Cannabis, see Bangue.
ExTRACTUM Carnis, Extract of Flesh. An
extract formed by evaporating beef tea in a
water-bath. It can be kept for sale. An ounce
of it may represent thirty-two ounces of meat.
Extractum Cascaril'L/E Eesino'sum, Res'-
inous extract of cascaril'la. ( C'ort. cascarillcB, in
pulv. crass. Ibj ; Sp. vini rect. Ibiv. Digest for
four days; then decant and strain; boil the re,"!-
duum in ten pints of water to two; filter and
evaporate the decoction, and distil the tincluro
in a retort, till both are thickened; then mix and
evaporate to a pilular consistence.) Dose, gr. x
to gr. XX, in pills.
Extractum Catechu, Catechu — e. Catharti-
cuni — E. Colocynthidis composituni.
Extractum CATHOL'icujr, (F.) Extraii Caiho-
lique. This epithet is given to pills composed of
aloes, black hellebore, and coloeynth, resin of
jalap, and seammony. See, also, Extractum co-
locynthidis compositura.
Extractum ChamjEmeli, E. Anthemidis — e.
CicutiB, E. Conii.
Extractum Cincho'nte, E. Cor'ticis Peruvia'ni
seu Cincho'u'CB Molle, Extract of Vincho'ua or (if
Bark. {A decoction evaporated.) The active
principles are similar to those of the bark in
substance; but it is not so effectual, owing to
the chymical change induced in the drug during
the boiling. When reduced, hy drying, to a state
fit for being powdered, it is called the Hard Ex-
tract of nark, Extrac'tum Cor'ticis Peruvia'ni
durum, E. Cincho'ncB durum. Dose, gr. x to Zsa,
Extractum CinchonvE Flavte, of the Pharma-
copoeia of the United States (1842), is directed to
be prepared as follows: Yellow Baric, m coarse
powder, Ibj ; Alcohol, Oiv ; Water, a sufficient
quantity. Macerate the Peruvian b.ark with the
alcohol for four days ; then filter by a displace-
ment apparatus, and when the liquid ceases to
pass, pour gradually on the bark water suffiuicnt
to keep its surface covered. When the filtered
tincture measures four pints, set it aside, and
proceed with the filtration until six pints of infu-
sion are obtained. Distil off the alcohol from tlio
tincture and evaporate the infusion till the liquids
are respectively brought to the consistence of thin
honey ; then mix and evaporate to form an ex-
tract.—Ph. U. S.
Extractum Cincho'n^ PAL'unyE (Ph. L & E.)
May be prepared in the same manner.
Extractum Cinchona Resino'sum, E. Clv-
choncP lancifo'licB seu Cinchona liiihrcB resino'-
sum, Res'inous Extract of Bark, E. Cincho'no',
Resi'ncB. The aqueo-spirituous extract contains
both the extractive and resin of the bark. Dose,
gr. X to XXX.
Extractum Cincho'njE Rubr/e (Ph. U. S.),
may be prepared in the same manner as Extrac-
tum cinchonas flavae.
Extractum Col'ciiici, Extract of Colchicnm,
(Ph. L.,) is prepared in the same manner as Ex-
tractum Aconiti. Dose, one or two grains.
Extrac'tum Coi/cnici Ace'ticum, Ace'tous or
^Ice'^ic Extract of Colchicnm. {Colchic. rad. in
pulv. crass. Ibj, Acid. acet. f.^iv. Aquas q. s. To
the acid add a pint of water, and mix this with
the root. Put the mixture in a percolator, and
pour on water until the liquid that passes has
little or no taste. Evaporate to a proper consist-
ence. Ph. U. S.) Dose, gr. j to gr. iij.
Extractum Colocyn'thidis, Extract of Col'o-
eynth. (Ph. L. <fc E.) A cathartic, in the dose
of from gr. v to ^^s.
Extractum CoLocvN'Tninis Comi'os'itim, E.
Cathar'ticum seu Cathol'icum seu Qiiercelu'ni,
Compound Extract of Coloeynth. {Cnlwynlh.
pulp, concis. ^vj. Aloes pulv. ^xij, SniminmK
pulv. ^^iv. Cardamom, pulv. ^j, Saponis _^iij,
Alcohol, dilut. cong. Macerate the j>ulp in tlm
spirit at a gentle he.at for four days; strain; add
the aloes and seammony; then distil off the ."|iirit
and mix in the cardamom seeds. Ph. U. S.) I'
is an active cathartic, and is used in obstinate
visceral obstructions, Ac. Dose, gr. vj to ^'S-
Extractum Coni'i, E. Cicu'tm, Succus cimia
EXTRACTUM
367
EXTRACTUiM
tpiun'ins, S. tphsatua conii macula'ti, Extract of
Jleiiiliiclc. (Ej-jtresned Juice iiiKpissated without
defvcniiuu.) Employed in the same cases as the
coiiiuiu. Dose, gr. iij to Qj.
ExTRACTUM CoNii Alcoiiol'icum, Alcoholic
Extract of Hemlock. (Prepared like the Ex-
tractuin aconiti alcoholicuin. — Ph. U. S.) Dose,
two or tliree grains.
ExiRACTUM CoNVOLVULi Jalap^, E. jalapao
— e. Corlicis Peruvian!, E. Cinchonse.
ExTRA(;T'ii>f CuBKB'yE Flu'iuum, Fluid Ex-
tract of Cubcbs. (Cubebs cxhnuHted by ether
ihrmi'/h percolation, and the solution evaporated.
I'll. IJ. 8.) Dose, from 5 to 30 minims.
ExTRACTUM Digita'lis, Extract of Foxglove.
Prepiired like Extractum conii. Dose, from half
a prain to two grains.
Extractum Dulcama'r.e, Extract of Bitter-
sweet. (Prepared by displacement from bitter-
sweet in coarse powder. — Ph. U. S.)
Extractum E[.atk'uii, Elate'rium, Extract of
Elutcrium. (The fecula of the exprensed juice.)
It is violently cathartic, hydragogue, and some-
times emetic. Dose, gr. ss every hour till it
operates.
Extractum Ergot.*;, Ergotin.
Extractum Gbxis't^ Cacu'minum, Extract of
Broom Tops. Diuretic and stomachic. Dose,
J^ss to ^j.
Extractum Gentia'n^, E. Gentia'na lu'tem
seu Rudi'cis Gentiu'nee, Extract of Gen'tian.
(The evaporated decoction.) Prepared also by
displacement. — Ph. U. S.) Properties like those
of Gentian. Dose, gr. x to ^ss.
Extractum Glycvrriii'z/E, Succus Gli/ci/rrht'-
ta iuHpinsa'tus seu Liquirit"i(B, Spa)iiiih Juice,
llal'inn Juice, Extract of Liquorice. (The eva-
poraled decoction.) It is demulcent, taken ad
libitum.
Refined Liquorice, which is sold in the form
of cyiiiulcrs, is made by gently evaporating a
solution of the pure extract of liquorice with half
its weight of gum Arabic, rolling the mass and
cutting it into lengths, and then polishing, by
rolling them together in a box.
Extrac'tum Grah'inis, Extract of Grass.
An extract prepared from Triticuin rejiens. It is
considered by the Germans to be a mild tonic;
and is greatly used, especially in convalescence
from fever. It is probably devoid of all injurious
properties, and as probably totally inefiicaoious.
Extractum II^matox'yi.i, E. Hcemntox'yli
Campechia'ni seu Scobis lI(Bmato.v'yli, Extract
of Lotjwood. (The evaporated decoction.) It is
astringent. Dose, gr. x to 3J.
Extractum IIklleb'ori, E. Hellehori nigri.
Extract of Black Hell'ebore. (The evaporated
decoction.) In large doses, this is cathartic ; in
smaller, diuretic, resolvent, [?] and emmen.i-
gogue. [?] Dose, as a cathartic, gr. x to ^j ; as
an emmenagogue, gr. iij to gr. x.
Extrai'tum Hrli.khori, of the Pharmacopoeia
of tile United States (1842), is prepared from
Blaik Hellebore, in coarse powder, like the Ex-
trnctinii aeoniti alcoholieum.
Kxtr ACTUM IIu'muli, E. Lu'puli, Extract of
hops. ( The evaporated decoction.) It is tonic,
anodyne, [?] diuretic. [?] Dose, gr. v to ^j.
Extractum Hyoscy'ami, Succua spissa'tua
Uiioscipimi, Extract of Jlenbane. ( The expreaaed
juice, lunpiasated irithout defecation.) Its virtues
are narcotic. Dose, gr. v to ^ss.
EXTI! actum HyosCYAMI Ai.COHOL'iCUM, Alco-
holic Extract of Henbane. (Prepared from leaves
of Hvoscyamus, in coarse powder, lii<e the Ex-
trnotiim aconiti alcoholieum. — Ph. U. S.) Dose,
one or two grains.
Extractum Jai.a'p.b, E. Convol'vull Jalapa
tiaJala'pii seu Jala'pi, Extract of Jalap. [A
spirituous tincture distilled; and an aqueous de-
coction evaporated ; the residua being mixed toge-
ther: kept both soft and hard.) It is cathaitio
and hydragogue. Dose, gr. x to Qj.
Extractum Jalaps of the Ph. U. S. is pre-
pared like Extractum cinchoniE, Ph. U. S.
Extractum Jalaps Resijjo'sum, Resi'na
Jala'pcB, lies'inoua Extract of Jalap. This is
cathartic.
Extractum Juglan'dis, Extract of Butternut.
(Prepared by displacement from butternut, in
coarse powder. — Ph. U. S.)
Extractum Ka^UY^'mjE, Extract of Rhalany.
(Prepared by displacement from rhatany, in
coarse powder. — Ph. U. S.)
Extractum Lactu'c^, Succua apisaa'lua Lac-
tucce aati'vcB, Extract of Lettuce. (Leaves of
fresh lettuce ftj ; beat them in a stone mortar,
sprinkling them with water; then express the
juice and evaporate, without allo>ving it to sub-
side until it acquires a proper degree of consist-
ence.) It is said to be narcotic and diophorelic.
Dose, gr. iij to gr. x.
An extract is, sometimes, made from the juice
of the xcild lettuce, Lactnca viro'sa, which is re-
garded as diuretic.
Extractum Mautis Aceticum, Ferri Acetas —
e. Nucis Vomicae, see Strychnos nux vomica.
ExtractuiM Nucis Vom'iCjE, Extract of X'ux
Vomica (Nucis Voniic. Ibj ; Alcohol, q. s. Ex-
pose the nux vomica to steam until it is softened,
slice, dry and grind to powder. Put it into a
percolator, and pour alcohol upon it gradually,
until the liquor pa.sses without bitterness. Filter,
distil off the alcohol, and evaporate. Ph. U. S.)
Dose, from half a grain to two grains.
Extractum O'pii, E. Opii aquo'aum seu The-
ba'icum seu Opii giimmo'aum. Extract of Opium,
Lau'danum opia'tnm seu simplex. Opium cola'tum
seu depura'tum. (A watery solution defecated
and evaporated.) Dose, gr. ES to gr. v, — about
half that of opium
Extractum Panciiymago'gum. A drastic me-
dicine, composed of colocyuth, bruised icith its
seeds; senna bruised; black hellebore root, Aga-
ric, Scammony, in powder. Extract of Aloes, and
Powder of Diarrhodon.
Extractum Papav'eris, E. Papav'eris som-
nif'eri seu Papaveris albi, Extract of white poppy.
(The decoction evaporated.) It possesses nearly
the same virtues as opium, but is much weaker.
Dose, gr. ij to Qj.
Extractum Pahei'rje, Extract of Parei'ra
Brava. Prepared like Extractum Haematoxyli.
Dose, ten grains to half a drachm.
Extractum Pip'Enrs Flu'idum, Fluid Extract
of Black Pepper. ( /Hack pepper exhausted by
e^Aer through percolation, the solution evaporated,
and the piperin in crj'stals separated by expres-
sion. Ph. U. S.) Dose, one or two minims.
Extractum Podophyl'i.i, Extract of May-
apple. (Prepared from podophyllum, in coarse
powder, in the same manner as the Extract of
cinchona. — Ph. U. S.) Dose, gr. v to gr. xv, as
a cathartic.
Extractum Purgaxs, see Iledera helix — e.
Quereetani, E. Colocynthidis compositum.
Extractum Quas'si.e, Extract of Quassia.
(Prepared by displacement from Quassia rasped.
— Ph. U. S.) Dose, as a tonic, five grsiins.
Extractum Cor'ticis Quercus, Extract of
oak bark. ( The decoction evaporated.) It is as-
tringent and tonic.
Extractum Qui'ni^e, Quinice anlphaa impu'rua.
This is made bj' evaporating the liquor poured
off the crystals of sulphate of quinia to the con-
sistence of a pilular mass. Twenty-four grains
will generally arrest an intermittent.
Extractum Rhei, Extract of Rhubarb. (A
EXTRACTUM
3G8
EXUVIATION
solution in diluted alcohol evaporated.) Uses
like those of the powdered root. Dose, gr. x.
to !5ss.
ExTRACTUM RhEI FLC'iDUM, Fluid Extract of
Ehiibarh. (Rhef in pulv. crass. §viij, Sacchar.
^v, Tinct. Ziiig'ib. f ,^ss, 01. fcenicnl., 01. anis.
aa n\^iv; Alcohol, d'ilut. q. s. Digest the rhu-
bnrb, mixed with an equal bulk of coarse sand,
with gxij of the diluted alcohol for 24 hours.
Put the mass into the percolator, and pour on
diluted alcohol until the liquid that passes has
little odour or taste of rhubarb ; evaporate to f5 v ;
dissolve it in the sugar, and mix the tincture of
ginger and oils. Ph. U. S.) Dose, t^^y
ExTUACTUM Ru'dii, Extract of Radius, (F.)
Extrait de Ruditia. Pills made of colocynth,
agaric, scammouy, roots of black hellebore and
jnlap, socotrine aloes, cinnamon, mace, cloves, and
alcohol.
ExTRACTUM RuTjs Graveolen'tis, E. RntcB
seufolio'ruin Rutw, Extract of Rue. (A decoc-
tion evaporated.) Tonic, stomachic. The vola-
tile oil being dissipated in the boiling, this is not
a good jireparation. Dose, gr. x to ^j.
ExTRACTinr Folio'rum Sabi'n^, Extract of
Savine. (A decoction evaporated.) Tonic. The
same remarks may be made on this preparation
as on the last. Dose, gr. x to ^ss.
ExTKACTUM Sanguinis Bovini, see Blood.
ExTRACTUM Sarsaparil'l^, Extract of Sar-
saparil'la. [A strained decoction evaporated.)
Virtues the same as those of the povrdered root.
Dose, gr. X to ^j. Extractnm. SarsaparillcR of
the United States Pharmacopoeia is prepared
from Sarsaparilla, in coarse powder, like the Ex-
tractuui aconiti alcoholicum.
ExTRACTUM SarsaparilLjE flu'idum. E. SarscB
Llq'uidum. E. SarzcB Fluidum, Fluid Extract of
Sarsaparilla. (Sarsaparill. concis. et contus.
^xv.i, Gli/cj/rrhiz. contus., Sassafr. rod. contus.,
aa ,^ij, 3Iezerei concis. ,^vj, Sacchar. ^xij. Alco-
hol, dilut. Oviij. Macerate, with the exception
of the sugar, for 14 days ; express and filter ; eva-
porate to f.^xij ; and add the sugar. Ph. U. S.)
Dose, a fluidrachra.
ExTRACTUM Saturn I, Goulard's, Liquor
plumbi subacetatis — e. Scobis haematoxyli, E.
haematoxyli.
Extractum Senn^ flu'idum. Fluid Extract
of Senna. {SenncB in pulv. crass. Ibijss ; Sac-
char. ^xx; 01. Foenicul. f ^j ; Sp. ./Ether, com-
pos. f|^ij ; Alcohol, dilut. Oiv. Mix the senna
and diluted alcohol; let the mixture stand for 24
hours ; put it into a percolator, and graduall}-
pour on water mixed with one-third its bulk of
alcohol, until a gallon and a half of liquid shall
have passed; evaporate to fjxx; add the sugar,
and, when it is dissolved, the compound spirit of
ether holding the oil in solution. Dose, f,^ss.
Extractum Spigu'li^e et Senn^ flu'tdum,
Fluid Extract of Spi(/elia and Senna. Spigel.
in pulv. crass. Ibj ; Senna in pulv. crass. §vj ;
Sacchar. Ibi.is ; Potass, carbon, ^vj ; 01. Carui,
01. Anisi, aa f ^ss : Alcohol, dilut. q. s. Pour
on the spigelia and senna Oij of diluted alcohol ;
let it stand for 48 hours ; place it in a percolator.
and pour on gradually diluted alcohol until half
a gallon has passed: evaporate to a pint; add
the carbonate of potassa; and afterwards the
sugar, previously triturated with the oils, and
dissolve. Ph. U. S.)
Extractum Stramo'nii, E. Stramo'nii folio'-
rum, (Ph. U. S.), Extract of Stramo'nium or of
Stramonium leaves. (The expressed juice inspis-
sated.) The Extractum Stramonii Sem'inis, Ex-
tract of Stramonium Seed, is made from the pow-
dered seed by means of diluted alcohol, and with
the aid of the percolator; — the solution being
evaporated. Ph. U. S.) Used as a narcotic in
asthma and other spasmodic affections. Dose,
gr. ij to gr. X.
Extractum Styracis, see Styrax.
Extractum Tarax'aci, E. Ilerbm et lladi'cia
Tarax'aci, Extract of Dande/i'on. ( The strained
juice evaporated.) It has been considered dcob-
struent, laxative, and diuretic. Dose, gr. x to ^j.
Extractum Thebaicum, E. Opii.
Extractum UVjE Ursi, Extract of Uva Urai.
( The Decoction evaporated.) Dose, gr. v to gr.
XXX.
Extractum Valeria's^, Extract of Vale'rian.
{An expressed decoction evajwrated.) The virtues
of the valerian being dependent upon its essential
oil, this is an objectionable preparation. Dose,
gr. X to 3J. . r.
A fluid extract of Valerian, Extractnm Vale-
ria'noB flu' idum, has been introduced into the last
edition of the Pharmacopoeia U. S. (1851). It is
prepared bj' exhausting the valerian hy ether a.ni
alcohol, through the percolator, and evaporating.
Dose, f,^j or f ,^ij.
EXTRAIT, Extract — e. Alcoholique de noix
vomique, see Strychnos nux vomica — e. de Kino,
Kino — e. des Fruits, Rob — e. Jlemostatique de
Bonjean, Ergotin — e. de Viande, Osmazome.
EXTRA'NEOUS BODY, Foreiffn body, from
extra, ' without.' Corpus extra'nenm, C. exter'-
num, G. alie'num, (F.) Corps Hraurjer. Any solid,
liquid, or gaseous substance, inanimate or ani-
mate, proceeding from without, or formed in the
body; and which constitutes no part of the body,
but occupies, in the substance of the textures, or
some of the cavities, a place foreign to it.
EXTRAVASA'TION, E.rtravasa'tio, E.rtrava'-
sion, from extra, 'out of,' and vasa, 'vessels.'
Escape of a fluid — extravasa'tum — from the ves-
sel containing it, and infiltration or efl'usion of the
fluid into the surrounding textures.
EXTRA VASATUM, see Extravasatio.
EXTRAVASION, Extravasation.
EXTREM'ITY, Extrem'itas, (F.) E.rtrhnitS;
from extremus, 'the outermost;' the end or termi-
nation of a thing. The limbs, acmte'ria, have
been so called, — as the vpjier and lower extremi-
ties. See Membrum. It has been, also, used to
express the Inst moments of life ; as when we
say, a patient is in 'extremity,' (F.) le malade est
d I'e.rtreniite, <l toute extremitf.
EXTRIN'SIC, Extrin'secus. 'From without'
That which comes from without. This term has
been used for muscles, which surround certain
organs and attach them to the neighbouring
parts; in order to distinguish thorn from other
muscles, which enter into the intimate composi-
tion of those organs, and which have been named
intrinsic. Thus, there are extrinsic and intrinsic
muscles of the tonirue, ear. &c.
EXTROVERSl'o, Exstrophia.
EXTUBERANTIA, Protuberance.
EXTUBERATIO. Protuberance.
EXTUMEFACTIO, Swelling. '
EXTUS'SIO, from ex, and tussis, 'a cough.'
'I cough with expectoration.'
EXU'BER, from ex, 'out of,' 'devoid of,' and
ulcra, 'breasts;' Apogulac'tos. 'A child which
has been weaned.'
EXUDATION CORPUSCLES, see Corpus-
cles, exudation.
EXULCERATIO. Ectblimma. Ulceration— o.
Uteri, Ilvsterelcosis — e. Vcntriculi, Gastrelcosis.
EXUMBILICATIO, Exomphalos.
EXUSTIO, Cauterization.
EXUTORIUM, Fonticulus.
EXUTORY, Fonticulus.
EXIIVI^. see Exuviation.
EXUVIA'TION, Exnvia'tio. from e.mere, 'to
put off.' The shedding or casting off of parts, aa
EYE
3 69
FACE
the deciduous teeth, the skins of serpents, Ac,
which are hence called Exu'vicB.
EYE, Sax. eaj, Teuton. Auge, Oc'uIhb, Ops,
Omnia, Opktli<it'iiios, Illoi, Op'tilon (Doric,) Vi-
to'rium Or;/'(tiiHiii, (Sc.) Ee, plural JSeu, (F.) (Eil.
The eye is the immediate orgah of vision. It is
seateil in the orl)it, while its dependencies, called
by Ilallcr TuUim' ina Oc'iili, occupy the circum-
ference of the cavity, and are composed of the
eyebrows, the eyelids, cilia, glands of Mcibomius,
Ac. The Ji'ill, Globe, or Bnlb of the Eye, nulbus
Oc'iili, is covered anteriorly by the tunica con-
junctiva; is moved by six muscles, fnur straight,
two oblique, and is constituted of membranes, as
the sclerotic, cornea, choroid, tunica Jacobi, re-
tina, iris, hi/aloid, and, in the foetus, the mem-
brann piipillaris ; and of fluids, called Humours,
or Media, — the aqueous, crystalline, and vitreous.
The e3'oball is invested with a membranous tunic,
which separates it from the other structures of
the orbit, and forms a smooth, hollow surface, by
which its motions are facilitated. This invest-
ment has been called cell'ular capsule of the eye,
oc'ular capsule, tu'nica vagina'lis oc'nli, vay"inal
coat, and snbmus'cular fascia of the eye. The
vessels of the eye proceed from the ophthalmic
artery. The nerves, except the optic, are chiefly
furnished from the ophthalmic ganglion. The
following are the dimensions, Ac, of the organ,
on the authority of Petit, Young, Gordon, and
Brewster :
Length of the antero-posterior diameter of
the eye 0.91
Vertical chord of the cornea 0.45
Versed sine of the cornea 0.11
Horizontal chord of the cornea 0.47
Size of pupil seen through the cornea, 0.27 to 0.1.3
Size of pupil diminished by magnifying
power (if cornea to, from 0.25 to 0.12
Radius of the anterior surface of the crystal-
line 0..S0
Radius of posterior surface 0.22
Principal focal distance of lens 1.73
Distance of the centre of the optic nerve
from the foramen centrale of Sommering... 0.11
Distance of the iris from the cornea 0.10
Distance of the iris from the anterior surface
of the crystalline 0.02
Field of vision above a horizontal line, 50° ) . „„o
Field of vision below a horizontal line, 70° J
Field of vision in a horizontal plane 150°
Diameter of the crystalline in a woman above
fifty years of age 0.37S
Diameter of the cornea 0.400
Thickness of the crystalline 0.172
Thickness of the cornea 0.042
Eye, Apple, see Melum — e. Apple of the, Pupil.
Eve BALAf, Hydrastis Canadensis.
Eye-bueek, Palpebra.
Eye-breen, see Supercilium.
Eye Bright, Euphrasia officinalis, Lobelia
Veronica — e. Brow, Supercilium.
Eye, Cat's, Amaurotic, see Amaurotic — e. Cel-
lular capsule of the, see Eye.
Eye, Cylind'rical. An eye is so called in
which the rays of light, on entering the organ, are
refracted to a nearer focus in a vertical than in
a horizontal plane.
Eye Drop, Tear.
Eye Glass, Scaphium oculare, see Spectacles.
Also, a glass adapted for the application of coUy-
ria to the eye.
Eye, Gum of the, Chassie.
Eye Lashes, Cilia — e. Lid, Palpebra — e. Lid,
granular. Trachoma — e. Melon, see Melum — e.
Purulent, Ophthalmia, purulent, of infants.
Eye Salve, Singleton's, Unguentum llydrar-
gyri nitrico-oxydi; Eye-salve, Smellome's, see
Cupri subacetas.
Eve, Sight of the. Pupil.
Eve Stone. The shelly operculum of small
turbinideiB. Used at Guernsey to get thin.'^s out
of the eyes. Being put into the inner corner of
the eye, under the eyelid, it works its way out
at the outer corner, and brings out any foreign
substance with it. — Gray.
Eye Teeth, Canine teeth — e. of Typhon, Scil-
la — e. Water, Collyrium — e. Water, common. Li-
quor zinci sulphatis cum camphora — e. Water,
blue. Liquor cupri ammoniati — e. Watery, Epi-
phora.
Eye, White of the, see Sclerotic.
F.
FABA, Phaseolus, Vicia faba — f. iEgyptiaca,
Nympha^a nclumbo — f. Cathartica, Jatropha
eurcas — f. Crassa, Sedum telephium — f. Febri-
fuga, Ignatia amara — f. Grteca, Diospyros lotus
— f. Intlica, Ignatia amara — f. Major, Vicia
faba— f. Pcchurei, Pichurim Beans — f. Pichu-
rim, Pichurim Beans — f. Purgatrix, llicinus
communis — f. Sancti Ignatii, Ignatia amara — f.
Suilla, Hvoseyamus — f. Vulgaris, Vicia faba.
FAB.E, Onisei aselli.
FABAGELLE, Zvgophyllum fagabo.
FABARIA CRASS'ULA, Sedum telephium,
FABRICA ANDROGYNA, Ilermaphrodeity.
FACE, Fades, Vultiis, Voltus, Proso'pon, (F.)
Face. The face is the anterior part of the head.
It is formed of 13 bones, viz., the tico superior
mao'illari/, the two malar, the two ossa nasi, the
(ICO ossa unguis, the vomer, the tn-o ossa spongiosa
iiifericira. the ttco palate bones, and the inferior
tnaxillari/. without including the frontal portion
of the OS frontis. and the 32 teeth, which may be
considered to form part of it. Its numerous
muscles are chiefly destined for the organs of
sight, hearing, taste, and smell. Its arteries
proceed from the external carotid : its veins end
in the jugular, and its nerves draw their origin
immediately from the brain.
The face experiences alterations in disease,
which it is important to attend to. It is yellow
in jaundice, pale and puffy in dropsy ; and its
expression is very different, according to the seat
of irritation, so that, in infants, by an attention
to medical physiognomy, we can often detect the
seat of disease.
Hippocrates has well depicted the change
which it experiences in one exhausted by long
sickness, by great evacuations, excessive hunger,
watchfulness, Ac, threatening dissolution. Hence
this state has been called Fades Ilippocrat'ica,
Fades Cadaver'ica, F. Tortua'lis. In this, the
nose is pinched ; the eyes are sunk ; the temples
hollow; the ears cold, and retracted; the skin
of the forehead tense, and dry; the complexion
livid ; the lips pendent, relaxed, and cold, Ac.
FACE AGUE
370
FAG US
The term Face (F.) is likewise given to one of
tiie aspects of an organ ; thus, we say, the supe-
rior face of the stomach.
FACE AGUE, Neuralgia, facial.
FACE INJECTEE, see Vultucux—f. Vul-
tueuse, see Viiltiteux.
'FACET', (F.) Facette. Diminutive of /'«ce. A
small face. A small, circumscribed portion of
the surface of a bone, as the articuUn- fucette of
a hoyie.
FACHINGEN, MINERAL AVATERS OF.
These springs are at no great distance from those
of Geilenau, and two miles north of Wisbaden.
They contain free carbonic acid : carbonate, sul-
phate, and phosphate of soda ; chloride of sodium,
carbonate of lime, magnesia, and iron.
FA'CIAL, Facia'lis, from faciei', 'the face.'
Belonging to, or connected with, the face.
Facial Angle, see Angle, facial.
Facial Artery, La'bial artery, An'gnlnr or
external max'illary artery, A. pidato-lahial —
(Ch.), is a branch of the external carotid, which
rises beneath the digastricus, and is distributed
to almost every part of the face. It furnishes
the inferior palatal, submental, superior labial,
inferior labial, and dorsalis nasi.
Facial Line, see Angle, facial.
Facial Nerve, Ramus du'rior sep'tima conju-
fjatio'nis, Sympathet'icus minor, Par sep'timum
.seu facia'le, Oommu'nicans fa'ciei nervus, Portio
dura of the 1th pair. Res' piratory nerve of the
face. This nerve arises from the inferior and
lateral part of the tuber annulare, in the groove
which separates it from the medulla oblongata,
external to the corpora olivaria, and by the side
(if the auditory nerve. It issues from the cranium
by the meatus auditorius internus ; enters the
iiqueduct of Fallopius; receives a branch of the
Vidian nerve; forms a gangliform swelling — Intu-
mescen'tia (jnngliform'is ; — sends otF filaments to
the internal muscles of the malleus and stapes;
furnishes, according to many anatomists, that
called Chorda Tympani; makes its exit at the
foramen stylo-mastoideum, and divides into two
branches — the temporo-facial, and cervico-facial.
On the face it is termed Pes anseri'nus, Plexus
iiervo'runi anseri'nus. See Portio Wrisbergii.
Facial Vein, Pal'ato-lnbial — (Ch.), arises be-
tween the skin and frontalis muscle, and bears
the name Vena Fronta'lis, (F.) Veine frontale ou
V. Preparate. It then descends, vertically, to-
wards the greater angle of the eye, where it is
called Anijula'ris ; and afterwards descends,
obliquely, on the face, to open into the internal
jugular, after having received branches, which
correspond with those of the fivcial artery. It is
only in the latter part of its course that it is
called Facial Vein. Chaussier calls the external
carotid artery. Facial Artery.
FA'CIENT, faciens, 'making,' from facio, '1
make.' A suffix, as in Calefacient, Rubefacient,
&a., 'warm making,' 'red making.'
FACIES, Face — f. Cadaverica, see Face — f.
Concava pedis. Sole — f. Hippocratica, see Face —
f. Inferior pedis. Sole — f. Tortualis, see Face.
FACT ICE, Factitious.
FACTIT"IOUS, Factif'ius, (F.) Fnctice, from
facere, factum, ' io vaak&.' Artificial. That which
is made by art, in opposition to what is natural,
or found already existing in nature. Thus, we
s!xy, factitious mineral waters, for artificial mine-
ral waters.
FACULTAS, Faculty— f. Auctrix, Plastic force
— f. Formatrix, Plastic force — f. Nutrix, Plastic
force — f. Vegetativa, Plastic force — f. Zotica, Vis
vitalis.
FACULTATES NATURALES, see Function.
FACULTY, Facultns, Dy'namis, Power, Vir.
tue, (F.) FacultS, from facilis, (itself from facere,
'to make,') 'what can be made or done.' The
power of executing any function or act. The col-
lection of the intellectual faculties constitutes the
understandinrf. Wo say, also, vital faculties for
vital properties, &c. Faculty likewise means the
whole body of the medical profession, and, also,
a body of medical or other professors.
FiECAL, Stercoraceous — f. Retention, Consti-
pation.
FAECES, Plural of Fcbx ; Feces, Chersos, 'the
dregs of any thing.' Fee' ulence, (F .) Ficen. The
alvine evacuations are so called ; (F.) Gnrderohes ;
the excrements, hnpurita'tes alvinas, Facal mat-
ter. See Excrement.
F^CES Indurat.«, Scybala.
FyECOSITAS, Feculence.
FiECULA, Fecula.
F^CULENTIA, Feculence.
FjECUNDATIO, Fecundatio,
F^CUNDITAS, Fecundity.
F^X, Feculence.
FAGA'RA OCTAN'DRA, Xanthox'yhm oc
tan'dra, Elaph'rium tomento'sum, Am'yris tomen-
to'sum, from far/us, 'the beech,' which it resem-
bles. Ord. Rutaceae. The systematic name of
the plant, which affords Tacamaha'ca, a resinous
substance, that exudes from the tree Tacamnhacn,
which has a fragrant, delightful smell, was for-
merly in high estimation, as an ingredient in
warm, stimulating plasters, and was given inter-
nally, like the balsams generally. The East India
Tacamahac, Bal'snmum Vir'ide seu Cal'aba seu
MaricB, O'leum Mar'icB, (P.) Banme de Calaha,
Dnume vert, B. Marie, is yielded by Cdlophyl'lum
inophyl'lum seu lialsama'ria Inophyl'lnm.
The name Tacamahac is also given to a resin
furnished by Pop'ulus balsamif'era seu tacama-
ha'ca, (F.) Peuplier baumier ou de la Caroline,
which grows in the northern parts of America
and Siberia.
Fagara Piperi'ta, (F.) Fagarier poivre ; a
native of Japan, possesses the qualities of pepper,
and is used as such by the Japanese. It is, also,
employed as a rubefacient cataplasm.
FAGARAS'TRUM CAPEN'SE. Nat. Ord.
XanthoxyleiB. A South African plant, the fruit
of which is known to the Colonists as wild Car-
damom ; and, on account of its aromatic qualities,
is prescribed in flatulency and paralysis.
FAGARIER POIVRE, Fagara octandra.
FAGOPYRUM, Polygonum fagopyrum.
FAGUS, F. sylvatica.
Fagus Casta'nea. The systematic name of
the Chestnut Tree; Casta'nea, C. vultja'ris seu
vesca, Ln'pima, Mota, Gians Jovis Theophrast'i,
Ju'piter's or Sardin'ian Acorn; the Common
Chestnut, (F.) Chatagnier commun, of the Oak
Family. Ord. Cupuliferae. Sex. Syst. Montceia
Polyandria. The Chestnut, Casta'nea nnx, (F.)
Chdtaigne, is farinaceous and nutritious, but not
easy of digestion.
Fagus Castanea Pu'mila. The Chin'capin
or Chinquapin, Castanea Pumila, (F.) Chdtuujnier
nain. The nut of this American tree is eaten
like the chestnut. The bark, Castanea {Ph. U.
S.), has been used in intermittents.
Fagus Purpurea, F. sylvatica.
Fagus Sylvat'ica. The systematic name of
the Beech, Fagus, F. st/lves'tris seu purpu'rea,
Oxya, Balan'da, Valan'ida; the Beech Tree,
(F.) Hetre. The Beech-nut or Beech-mast, {¥■)
Faine, affords an oil, by expression, which is of
a palatable character, and is eaten in some places
FAIBLESSE
3 71
FALSIFICATION
instead of butter. It has been supposed to be a
good vermifuge, but it is no better than any mild
oil.
Fagus Sylvestris, F. sylvatica^
FAinLESSE, Debility.
FAI}f, Hunger — /. Canine, Boulimia — /. de
Loup, Faroes lupina.
FAINE, see Fagus sylvatica.
FAINT, see Syncope.
FAINTING, Syncope.
FAINTING-FIT, Syncope.
FAINTISHNESS, see Syncope.
FAIXTNESS, Languor, Syncope.
FAIRUUKN, MINERAL WATERS OF. The
mineral waters at this place, which is in the
county of Ross, in Scotland, are sulphureous,
and frequented.
FAIRNTICKLED, see Ephelides.
FAISANDEES {VI ANDES), see Hypo-
saprus.
FAfSCEAU, Fasciculus — /. Intermediaire de
Wriiiberg, Portio Wrisbergii — /. Petit, Fasci-
culus.
FAIX, Foetus.
FALCADINA, see Scherlievo.
FALCES, see Falx.
FAL'CIFORM, Falci/or'nus, Drepanoi'des,
from falx, falcia, 'a scythe,' and forma, 'shape.'
Having the shape of a scythe. This term has
been applied to different parts. See Falx, and
Sinus.
FALOiFonjf Expansion of the Fascia Lata,
is the scythe-shaped reflection of the fascia lata,
which forms, outwards and upwards, the opening
for the vena saphaena, and is attached to the cru-
ral arch by its superior extremity, forming the
anterior paries of the canal of the same name.
FALLACIA, Hallucination.
Fallacia Optica. An optic illusion.
FALLAND-EVYL, Epilepsy.
FALLING-DOWN, Epilepsy.
FALLING SICKNESS, Epilepsy.
FALLOPIAN TUBE, see Tube, Fallopian.
FALLPOISON, Amianthum muscsetoxicum.
FALLTRANCK, Faltranck (G.), literally,
a drink arjniniit fulls. A vulnerary. It is a
mixture of several aromatic and slightly astrin-
gent plants, which grow chiefly in the Swiss
Alps, and hence the name — Vidneraire Suisse —
given to such dried plants cut into fragments.
They are called, also, Especes Vulneraires, and
The Suisse. AVithin the present century, in Eng-
land, a kind of vulnerary beer was often pre-
scribed, in country practice, in all cases of in-
ward bruises. It bore the name Cerevis'ia nigra,
or black beer, and was formed by infusing certain
reputed vulnerary herbs in beer or ale.
The infusion of the Fatltranck is aromatic, and
slightly agreeable, but of no use in the cases for
which it has been particularly recommended.
FALMOUTH, CLIMATE OF. The climate
of Falmouth, in Cornwall, England, resembles
that of Penzance : and, like it, is in many re-
spects, a favourable retreat for the phthisical
during the winter months.
FALSA VIA, False passage.
FALSE, Falsiis, NothuSjPseudo, Spu'rions, Bas-
tard, (F.) Faux; Fausse. This epithet has been
frequently added to peripneumony, pleurisy, <fec.,
to designate a disease similar to these, but less
severe. Most commonly, a severe catarrh or
pleurodynia has received the name. See Peri-
pneumonia notha.
False Passage, Falsa Via, (F.) Fausse Route.
An accidental passage, made in surgical opera-
tions, and particularly in introducing the cathe-
ter. The catheter is sometimes passed through
into the rectum.
False Wateiis, ffi/drallan'te, False Deliv'ery.
Water, which sometimes collects between the
amnion and chorion, and is commonly discharged
before the birth of the child.
We say, also, False Ribs, False Rhubarb, &c.
FALSETTO VOICE, see Voice.
FALSIFICA'TION, Adultera'tio, from falsua,
'false,' and facere, 'to make.' A fraudulent imi-
tation or alteration of an aliment or medicine by
different admixtures. Mantja'nium, Manganisa'-
tio. It is synonymous with adulteration and
sophistication.
TABLE OF COMMON FALSIFICATIONS OF SOME OF THE MOST USEFUL
DRUGS, &c.
Medicines.
Adulterations.
Mode of Detection.
ACACIJE GUMMI.
Acetum
TUM.
•ICIDUM
tUM.
fG. S. is clammy and tenacious. The A. G.
■ Gum Senegal < perfectly soluble in water, and its solution
( limpid.
' Sulphuric Acid Acetate of barytes causes a white precipitate.
VV ' A 'ti I ^^ evaporating it, the residuum deflagrates, when
Destilla- ,■' ( thrown on burning charcoal.
p I Supersaturate with ammonia — a blue colour is
' ' ' ( produced.
Lead Sulphuretted hydrogen causes a dark precipitate
MnRiATi f r l^*^P"'*it^s ^y evaporation the salts it may con-
Sulphuric Acid ■; tain; precipitates with solution of hydrochlo-
( rate of baryta if it contains sulphuric acid.
The presence of chlorine is indicated by a preci-
Jfuriatic and Sulphuric J pitate with nitrato of silver : that of sulphuric
NiTRICUM.
"1 Acids
SuLPHUKI-
• CiTHICUM.
Muriatic a
Acids.
Tartaric and Oxah
Acids.
acid by the same result with hydrochlorate of
baryta.
»r., . ( The presence of muriatic and nitric acid is indi-
< cated by the smell, when (he acid tested is
( strongly heated.
Their presence is indicated by forming a granu
lar sediment in a concentrated solution of a
neutral salt of potassa,
FALSIFICATION
372
FALSIFICATION
Medicines.
Adulterations.
Mode op Detection.
^THER ReCTIFICA-
tus.
Aqua Ammonia.
Ammonije Carro-
NAS.
7*00 dilute.
Sulphuric Ac
Alcohol . . . ..
Carbonic Acid .
Ammoniacujt.
Ammonh Sulphure-
TUM.
Argenti Nitras.
Absenicum Album.
Balsamum Peruti-
ANUM.
*
Capsicum.
Oayennc Pepper.
Castoreust.
Castor.
Cera Flava.
Yellow Wax.
Cera Alba.
White Wax.
Cinchona.
Bark.
Coccus.
Cochineal.
Lead.
Arsenic ■
Manganese and Iron.
Copper
Nitrate of Potassa.
Chalk, Sulphate of Lime,
Sulphate of Baryta.
A mixttire of Resin and
some Volatile Oil, with
Benzoin.
' Chloride of Sodium
Red Lead .
A mixture of dried blood,
giim ammoniac, and a
little real castor, stuffed
into the scrotum of a
goat.
Earth or Peasmeal
Resir.
Tallow
White Lead
Tallow
This is variously adulte-
rated, but generally with
the Carthngena and
other inferior barks.
Pieces of dough formed
in moulds, and coloured
with cochineal.
COLOMBA.
Copaiba.
Balsam of Copaiva.
Crocus.
Saffron.
Fibres of smoked Beef . .
Petals of the Calendula
officinalis, and Cartha-
mus Tinctorius.
The S. Or. detects this.
By acetate of baryta. Precipitate white.
With phosphorus a milky instead of limpid solu
tion is formed.
A precipitation occurs on adding a solution of
muriate of lime.
It should be capable of complete volatilization
by heat.
The Outtce Ammoniaci are white, clear, and dry.
The lump Ammoniaaim, lapis Ammoniaci, is often
adulterated with common resin.
It ought to be entirely volatilized by a red heat
Imparts a foliated texture, and is not vaporiznble
A smell of garlic is emitted when thrown on live
coals, Ac.
Are not vaporizable.
The solution assumes a blue colour, when super-
saturated with ammonia. It may bo suspected
when the salt deliquesces.
The adulteration with nitrate of potassa is easily
recognized by the fracture of a stick of it, which
is radiated when pure, and granular if adulte-
rated ; or by precipitating a solution of the
salts with a sufficient quantity of muriatic acid,
and evaporating the clear liquor : the nitrate
of potassa or other salts will remain.
Not volatizable by heat.
Not easily detected.
This disposes it to deliquesce.
( Digest in acetic acid, and add a solution of sul
< phuret of ammonia — a dark-coloured precipi-
( tate will be produced.
Smell and taste will generally detect the fraud.
f May be suspected when the cake is brittle and
I colour grayish.
f Put it in cold alcohol, which will dissolve tho
I resin, without acting on the wax.
Is known by the greater softness and unctuosity,
and its smell when melted. Turmeric is gene-
rally added in this case to obviate the paleness.
Melt the wax, the oxide will subside.
The cake has not its ordinary translueency.
Can only be detected by practice, and examining
into the quantity of quinia or cinchonia it
contains.
Throw it into water, the adulteration will appear.
The true is distinguishable from the false Colomha
by adding to an infusion of the root, a few drops
of solution of sulph. iron, which gives to the
infusion of the false Colomba a greenish black
colour ; but produces no change in the other.
If it does notretain its spherical form when dropped
into water, its adulteration may be inferred.
Mix one part of strong liquid ammonia of 22°,
with three parts of copaiba. If pure, the mix-
ture will, in a few minutes, become transparent;
if not, it will remain opake.
Affords an unpleasant odour when thrown on
live coals.
Infuse the specimen in hot water, and the diffe-
rence will be perceptible.
FALSIFICATION
3 73
FALSIFICATION
Medicines.
Adulterations.
Mode op Detection.
CUBKBA.
Cubeba.
Turkey Yelloxo Berries,
or the dried fruit of the
Jihamnus Catharticus.
CusPARi-E Cortex. J False Angustura aome-
Angustura Bark. J tines sold for it.
Common Jiesin . .
GtJAiAci Resina. J
Resin of Guaiacum. | .^ , . , ^
•' Jlancnineel Gum
IIydrargyri Chlo- ,y . c n- ^ J
,, „ Corrosive Ciublimate, and
RiDUM Mite. ■{ c<.i. .-..^x. ,j- n- ,r
Calomel.
IIydrargyri Oxi-
dum Rubrum.
Red Precipitate.
Hydrargyri Sul-
phuretum Rubrum "
IIydrargyri Sul-
phuretum Nigrum.
Iodine.
JalapvE Radix.
Jalap Root.
Magnesia.
Magnesia Subcar-
BONAS.
Carbonate of Magne-
Manna.
Morphia et ejus
Sales.
Morphia and its
Salts.
Moschus.
Musk.
Olea Destillata.
Essential Oils.
'Olbum Ricini.
\Castor Oil.
Subnitrate of Bismuth.
Bed Lead
Bed Lead
Ivory Black
Plumbago, Charcoal, and
Qjcide of Manganese.
Bryony Root, spurious or
false Jalap Root, and
Liquorice Root.
Lime
Sulphuret of Lime
Chalk
Gypsum
A factitious article, con-
sisting of honey or
sugar, mixed with scam-
mony, is sometimes sold
for it.
} Detected by attentive examination.
f The epidermis of the true Cusparia is character
■| ized by being covered vpith a matter resembling
( the rust of iron.
J Detected by the turpentine smell emitted when
I thrown upon hot coals.
r Add to the tincture a few drops of spirit of nitre,
< and dilute with water ; the guaicum is precipi-
(_ tated — the adulteration floats in the white striae.
A precipitation will be produced by the carbonate
of potass, from a solution made by boiling the
suspected sample with a small portion of mu-
riate of ammonia in distilled water; or, the
presence of deuto-chloride of mercury is indi-
cated, by warming gently a small quantity of
calomel in alcohol, filtering and adding to the
clear liquor some lime-water, by which a red-
dish yellow precipitate is afforded. When
calomel is rubbed with a fixed alkali, it ought
to become intensely black, and not exhibit any
orange hue.
' Digest in acetic acid : add sulphuret of ammonia,
which will produce a dark coloured precipitate
It should be totally volatilized by heat.
Digest in acetic acid, and add sulphuret of am-
' monia — a black precipitate will be produced
J Throw a suspected portion on hot coals — the re-
1 siduum will detect the fraud.
The tests of its purity are — that it is perfectly
soluble in ether. Heated on a piece of glass or
porcelain, it sublimes without residuum.
' Bryony root is of a paler colour, and less compact
texture, and does not easily burn at the flame
of a candle. Liquorice is detected by the taste.
Detected by the solution in dilute sulphuric acid
affording a precipitate with oxalate of ammonia.
Gives off when moistened, the smell of sulphu-
retted hydrogen.
' Detected by adding dilute sulphuric acid to the
suspected substance, when, if chalk be present,
there will be a white insoluble precipitate.
Boil in distilled water, and test the solution by a
barytic and oxalic reagent.
J The colour, weight, transparency and taste detect
it.
Dried Blood
IAsphaltum
Fine particles of Lead .
{Fixed Oils
Alcohol
Olive or Almond or Pop-
py Oil.
Morphia and its salts, when placed in contact
with nitric acid, are coloured red; with per-
salts of iron, blue. They are perfectly soluble
in warm alcohol, and acidulated warm water.
When morphia is mixed with narcotina, the
adulteration is ascertained by mixing them with
sulphuric ether, which dissolves the narcotina,
without sensibly affecting the morphia.
The bag must not appear to have been opened.
This may be suspected, if it emits a fetid smoke
when inflamed.
Discovered by its melting and running, before it
inflames.
Rub with water. The metallic particles will subside-
Touch writing paper with it, and hold it before
the fire : fixed oil leaves a stain of grease.
Add water. A milkiness and increase of tempe
rature occurs.
'Alcohol S. G. '820 will mix with any proportion
of castor oil, whilst it dissolves very little of
the others.
FALTRANCK
374
FARADISATION
Medicines.
Adulterations.
Mode of Detection.
Opium.
POTASSII lODIDUM,
Iodide of Potassium.
MannitC'
QuiNiiE Sulphas.
Sulphate of Quinia.
Strychnia et ejus
Sales.
Strychnia and its
Salts. [
ZiNCI OXYDUM. (Chalk
Flowers of Zinc. \ White Lead .
Extract of Liquorice,
Bullets and Stones
sometimes in it; Ex-
tract of Poppy, of Ghe-
lidonium majus ; G.
Arabic, G. Trag&canth,
Linseed Oil, Cow's
Dung.
Chlorides of Potassium
and Sodium, Nitrate of
Potassa.
Brucia.
The best opium is covered with leaves and the
reddish capsules of a species of Biimex. Tbel
inferior kinds have capsules adherent. It is bad
when soft and friable, when intensely black or'
mixed with many impurities, and when sweet.
The quantity of morphia afi'ords the best test.
The adulteration is ascertained by precipitating a
solution of the salt with nitrate of silver, and
treating the precipitate with ammonia, which
dissolves the chloride of silver, without acting
upon the iodide of this metal.
Leaves no residue when submitted to calcination:
is perfectly soluble in warm alcohol, and in
water slightly acidulated with sulphuric acid,
They are free from brucia when no colour is pro-
duced by contact with nitric acid.
Sulphuric acid excites an effervescence.
Sulphuric acid forms an insoluble sulphate of lead.
FALTRANCK, Falltranck.
FALX. Anatomists have given this name to
several membranous reflections having the shape
of a falx or scythe.
Falx Cerebel'li, Falx minor, Septum Cere-
bel'li se\l })arvum ocdpita'le, P races' sus falcif or' -
mis Cerebel'li, (F.) Faux du cervelet. Septum me-
dian dn cervelet, (Ch.), is a triangular process of
the dura mater opposite the internal occipital pro-
tuberance. Its base is attached to the middle of
the tentorium, and its top or apex bifurcates, to
proceed to the sides of the foramen magnum. Its
convex surface is towards the cranium, and its
concave in the fissure or groove, which separates
the two lobes of the cerebellum.
Falx Cer'ebri, F. major, Ver'tical eupe'rior
longitu'dinal proc"ess, 31ediasti'num cerebri. Sep-
tum Cerebri, (F.) F((ux du cerveau, Bepli longi-
tudinal de la meninge, (Ch.), Proces'sus falcifor-
mis durcB matris. The greatest process of the
dura mater. It extends from the fore to the hind
part of the skull, on the median line ; is broad
behind and narrow before, and is lodged in the
groove which separates the hemispheres from
each other — the interlobular fissure. At its supe-
rior part is situated the longitudinal sinus (supe-
rior,) and at its lower, corresponding to the edge
of the scythe, the inferior longitudinal sinus. Its
anterior extremity is attached to the crista galli;
its posterior is continuous with the tentorium
cerebelli, and contains the straight sinus.
Falx Major, Falx cerebri — f. Minor, Falx
cerebelli.
Falx op the Peritone'um, Great, F.peritone'i
max'ima, (F.) Grande faux du peritoine. Faux de
la Veine Onibilicale, Falx of the umbilical vein,
is a reflection of the peritoneum, which ascends
from the umbilicus to the anterior and inferior
surface of the liver.
Falces of the Peritone'um, Lesser, Falces
Peritone'imin'ima, (F.) Petitesfaux du peritoine,
are the lateral ligaments of the liver and the re-
flections which the peritoneum forms, raised up
by the umbilical arteries.
Falx of the Umbilical Vein, Falx, great,
of the Peritoneum.
FAME, Lancet.
FAMEL'ICA FEBRIS, from fames, 'hunger.'
Fever accompanied with insatiable hunger.
Sylvius.
FAMELICUS, Hungry.
FAMES, Hunger — f. Bovina, Boulimia — f.
Canina, Boulimia.
Fames Lupi'na, Lycorex'is, (F.) Faim de Loup.
Authors have described, under this name, a kind
of boulimia, or depravation of the digestive func-
tion, in which the patient eats voraciously, an.l
passes his food, almost immediately afterwards,
per anum.
FAMEX, Contnsio.
FAMIGERATIS'SIMUM EMPLAS'TRUM,
horn fa ma, ' fame,' and gcro, ' I wear.' A plaster,
extolled in ague, and made of aromatic, irritating
substances. It was applied to the wrist.
FAMILIARICA SELLA, Close stool
FAMILY DISEASES, see Hereditary.
FAMIS, Contusio.
FAMIX, Contusio.
FANCULUM, Anethum.
FANCY MARK, Navus.
FANFECKLES, Ephelides.
FANG, Radix.
FANON (F.) from (G.) Fahne, 'a banner,'
'ensign,' 'standard.' Fer'ula, Lec'tulus stra-
min'eus, Thor'ulus stramin'eus. A splint of a
particular shape, employed in fractures of the
thigh and leg to keep the bones in contact.
The Fanons were divided into true anH false.
The true consists of a cylinder of straw, strongly
surrounded with a cord or riband, in the centre
of which a stick is usually placed to ensure its
solidity. The false consists of a thick piece of
linen, made flat like a compress, and folded at
the extremities. It was placed between the frac-
tured limb and the true /anoH. The Drap-fanon
is a largo piece of common cloth placed between
the fractured limb, in which the fanon or lateral
splints are rolled.
FANTICKLES, Ephelides.
FANTOM, Phantom, Phanto'ma, from ^avracfia,
'a spectre.' (Y.) Phanlome, Fant6me. This word
has two acceptations. It means the spectres and
images which the imagination presents to the
sick, when asVep or awake; and, also, the figure
called, also, 3Ian'niJnn, Man'ihin, and Man'aklx,
(F.) Mannequin, on which surgeons practice the ap-
plication of bandages, or the accoucheur the man-
ual part of midwifery, — Phanto'ma obstetric" inm.
Fantom or Phantom Tumour is one that forms,
in the abdomen for example, simulating organic
disease, and occasionally exceedingly deceptive.
FARADISA'TION, Far'adism; from Faraday,
the celebrated physicist. A term proposed by
FARCIMEN'
FASCIA
Diichenne, of Boulogne, for electricity by induc-
tion. I
FARf'IMEN, see Equinia. I
FARCIMINALIS MEMBRANA seu TU-
NICA. Allnntois. j
FAf{(-/.V, see Equinia.
FARCINOMA, Equinia.
FARCTU'RA, Fart'itra; from /arci're,/nretum,
' to stutT.' The operation of introflucing medicinal
.suhstanees into the cavities of animals or of
fruits, which have been previously emptied.
FARCTUS, Kmphraxis.
FARCY (JLANDERS, see Equinia.
FAHn. Paint.
FARDEAU, Mole.
FARFARA, Tussilngo— f. Bechiura, Tussilago.
FA R Id 0 1'L E, Thymus.
FARI'NA, Al'phitun, Crimnnn, Al'efon, Aleu'-
ron, Ale' ma, from far, 'corn,' or grain of any
kind, of which it is made. Menl or flour. The
powder, obtained by grinding the seeds of the
gramineous, leguminous, and cueurbitaceous
plants in particular. It is highly nutritious and
much used, dietetically as well as medicinally.
In the pharmacopoeias of London, Edinburgh,
and Dublin, Fari'na means wheat flour — Farina
Trilici.
Lentil's AUmen'tary F«ri'na, or Homaeopnth'ic
Farina' ceniis Food, is said to consist principally
of wheiit flour, slightly baked, and sweetened
with sugar, together with potato flour and a very
small quantity of Indian corn meal and tapioca.
Farina Amyghalauum, see Amygdala.
Farixa, CoMPonNDED, Bastrr's, is said to
consist of wheat flour, sweetened with sugar.
Farixa, Nittritious, JMaipman's, is said to
consist of potato flour, artificially coloured of a
pink or rosy hue, the colouring matter being pro-
bably rose pink.
Fauina Trit'ici, wheaten flour; F. Seca'lis.
Rye flour or meal ; F. Hor'dei, Barley meal; F.
Areiia'cea, Oat meal, &c. See Amylum.
Fariv.f, Resolvent'eS, (F.) Farinen Resolit-
tiven. This name was formerly given to a mix-
ture of the farina of four different plants; the
lupine, Liipinim alhnu, the Errnm Errilia, the
Vicia fdha, and the Barley, Hordeum distichuni.
They were recommended to form cataplasms.
FARINA'CEOUS, Farina'cenx. Farino'8U8,(F.)
Fariiiace, Farineux, Meahj. Having the appear-
nncc or nature of farina. A term given to all
articles of food which contain farina. The term
Fariuacea includes all those substances, called
cerenlia, lerjnmina, &c., which contain farina, and
are employed as nutriment.
Hard's farinaceous food is fine wheat flour,
which has been subjected to some heating pro-
cess. Bradrn's farinaceous food is said to be
wheat flour, baked.
In Patholvr/i/, the e^hhct farinaceous, (Y.) fa-
riueux,'^\s applied to certain eruptions, in which
tlie epidermis exfoliates in small particles similar
to farina.
FARiNArEous Food, Braden's, see Farina-
ceous— f Food, Hard's, see Farinaceous — f. Food,
horaa'opathic, see Farinaceous.
Farinaceous Food, Plumbe's, is said to con-
.'ist principally of bean or pea flour, most pro-
bably the former, with a little Tacca arrowroot,
some potato flour, and a very little Maranta
nrrnwroot.
Farinaceoits Food, Prince AnTHun's, for in-
fants and invalids of all ages, is said to consist
entirely of whea> flour, slightly baked.
FAlilNARIUM. Alien.
FARfNES RESOLUTIVES, Farinae resol-
vcntes.
FARTXEUX, Farinaceous.
FARINOSUS, Farinaceous.
FARMERY, Hospital.
FARNTICKLES, Ephelides.
FARRIER. Hippiater.
FARSIGHTEDNESS, Presbytia.
FART, Sax. Fan^^, from Teut. fahren, 'to go:'
— fart, 'a voyage.' (G.) Furz. JideUus, Bdolus,
Ihlelyg'mia, Bdelijij'mus, Bombus, TruUa, Porda,
Pliysa, Physe, Flatus, Crep'itus, C. vcntris, (F.)
Pet. A sonorous or other discharge of wind
from behind. A low word, but of respectable
parentage.
FARTIIRA. Farctura.
FARTUS, Emphraxis.
FAS'CIA, from fascis, 'a bundle' Lir/a'tio,
Ligalu'ra, AUiijafu'ra, Anades'mus, Vin'cula,
Spar'ganon, Epides'mos, Vinctn'ra. A bandage,
fillet, roller, ligature. The aponeurotic expan-
sions of muscles, which bind parts together, are,
likewise, termed Fasciae. See Tajnia.
Fascia Aponeurotica Femoris, Fascia lata
aponeurosis — f. Capitalis, Bonnet d'HIppocrate,
Capelina — f. Capitis, Diadema — f. Cooperi, F.
Transversalis.
Fascia, CRiB'niFonir, F. Cribrifor'mis. The
sieve-like portion of the fascia lata; so called
from its being pierced by numerous openings for
the passage of lyiuphatic vessels.
Fascia Denta'ta, F. D. Tari'ni, Corps go-
dronne of Vicq d'Azyr. A band of gray matter
seen beneath the t;cnia hippocampi on raising it
up, which runs along the inner border of the
cornu ammonis. It is, as it were, crenated by
transverse furrows.
Fascia Digitalis, Gantelet — f. Diophthaliniea,
Binoculus — f. Dividens, Dividing bandage — f.
Heliodori, T bandage.
Fascia Ili'aca, ll'inc nponeuro'sis. An apo-
neurosis which proceeds from the tendon of the
psoas minor, or which arises fro-m the anterior
surface of the psoas magnus, when the former
muscle does not exist. It is attached, externally,
to the inner edge of the crest of the ilium, below,
and anteriorly — on one side, to the crural arch,
sending an expansion to the fascia transversalis ;
and on the other, continuous with the deep-
seated lamina of the fascia lata, which forms the
posterior paries of the crural canal. Within and
behind, the fascia iliaca is attached to the brim
of the pelvis, and is continuous with the aponeu-
rosis, which M. Jules Cloquet has called Pelvian.
The iliac aponeurosis covers the iliac and psoas
muscles, which it separates from the peritoneum.
Fascia Infundie'uliformis, a funnel-shaped
off'set from the fascia transversalis, which is pro-
longed as a sheath upon the vas deferens and
spermatic vessels as they pass out of the abdo-
men.
Fascia Inguinalis, Spica.
Fascia Lata. A name given by anatomists
to an aponeurosis, and to a muscle.
Fascia Lata Apoxedrosis. F. nponeurof'ica
fem'oris, Vagi'na fcm'oris. Crural or Feni'oral
Aponeurosis, is the most extensive in the body,
and envelopes all the muscles of the thigh.
Above, it is attached to the outer edge of the ilia;
before, it arises from the crural arch by two dis-
tinct lamina, separated by the femoral vessels,
and becoming confounded a little below the part
where the great vena saphasna opens into the
crural vein. Of these two lamina?, the one is
more anterior and thicker than the other, and
may be considered as a prolongation of the
aponeurosis of the external oblique. It is inti-
mately united to Poupart's ligament. The other,
which is thinner, is behind, and deeper seated,
and, after its union with the former, proceeds to
be inserted into the pubis. Inferiorly. the fascia
lata becomes confounded with the tendon of the
triceps, and is attached to the external tuberosity
FASCI.E
376
FAT
of the tibia. The use of the fascia lata, like that
(•f other aponenroses, is to strengthen the action
of the muscles, <fec.
Fascia Lata Muscle, Tensor vagi'iia fcm'o-
rls, Fuscin' lisjMeiiihrano' sus, Jfus'cnlits aponeuro'-
*•/» sou /(tscicB lata sou fcin'oris nieiiihnnio'stis,
(F.) II io-a pone vrosi -femoral, II io-apotievroti -femo-
ral— (Ch.), Tenseur de I'aponevroae femorale. A
muscle, situate at the upper and outer part of
the thigh. It .irises, above, from the outer part
of the anterior and superior spine of the ilium;
and is inserted, below, between the two laminaj
of the fascia lata, which it stretches and raises
when it contracts.
Fascia, Obturator, see Pelvic aponeuroses —
f. Pelvic, Internal, see Pelvic aponeuroses — f.
Pelvic, Lateral, see Pelvic aponeuroses — f. Pel-
vic, Superior, see Pelvic aponeuroses.
Fascia Pko'pria. A layer of areolar tissue
derived from the sheath of the femoral vessels, —
or according to some from the cribriform fascia.
It is one of the coverings of femoral hernia, and
is generally pretty dense about the neck of the
hernia; but thin or even wanting on its fundus.
Fascia Kepens, Spica — f. Scapularis, Scapu-
lary — f. Sculteti, Bandage of separate strips — f.
Semicircularis. j?a)nia semicircularis — f. Spiralis,
Ascia — f. Stellata, Stella — f. Submuscular, see
Vaginal, (of the eye.)
Fascia, Subpeiutone'al, Siibperitone'al apo-
'iienro'iiiH. A thin tendinous layer on the outer
surface of the peritoneum.
Fascia Supehficia'lis, Superficial aponenro'-
nis of the abdomen and thigh, (F.) Aponevrose su-
perjicielle de V abdomen et de la ciiisse. A very
thin aponeurosis, which covers the muscles and
aponeuroses of the abdomen ; passes before the
crural arch, to which it adheres with some degree
offeree; sends a membranous sheath, whiSh sur-
rounds the spermatic cord; and is continuous
with the dartos, which it assists in forming. The
fascia superficialis presents, beneath the crural
arch, very distinct fibres, whose direction is pa-
rallel to the fold of the thigh. It is applied over
the fascia lata aponeurosis, and is attached, inter-
nally, to the ascending ramus of the ischium, near
the root of the corpus cavernosum. Before the
descent of the testicle from the abdomen, the
fascia superficialis is very manifestly continuous
with the Gubernaculnm testis.
Fascia Tformis, T. bandage— f. Tortilis, Tour-
niquet.
Fascia Transversa'lis, F. Coop'eri. An apo-
neurosis, which separates the transversalis mus-
cle from the peritoneum in the inguinal region.
It arises above the posterior edge of the crural
arch, where it seems to be continuous with the
aponeurosis of the greater oblique muscle. Above,
it is lost in the areolar tissue at the internal sur-
face of the transversalis abdominis. Within, it is
continuous with the outer edge of the tendon of
the rectus muscle and Gimbernat's ligament; be-
low, it is continuous with the aponeurosis of the
greater oblique, and receives an expansion from
the Fascia Iliaca. Towards its middle and a little
above the crural arch, the fascia transversalis has
the wide orifice of a canal, which is occupied, in
the female, by the round ligament of the uterus;
and, in man, furnishes an expansion, that serves
HS a sheath to the spermatic vessels.
FASCIiE, Swathing clothes— f. Coli, see Colon
— f. Ligamentosa) Coli, see Colon.
FASCIALIS, Fascia lata muscle, Sartorius — f.
Longus, Sartorius — f. Sutorius, Sartorius.
FASCIARUM APPLICATIO, Deligation.
FASCIATIO, Deligation, see Bandage— f. Cu-
cullata, Couvrechef.
FASCICULI CORTICALES, Ferrein, pyra-
mids of— f. Graciles, see Corpora restiformia.
Fascic'ui.i Innomina'ti. Two large bundles
of fibres in the interior of the medulla oblongata,
behind the corpora olivaria, and more or less
apparent between those bodies and the corpora
restiformia. They ascend, and become apparent
in the fourth ventricle, under the name Fasvic'uli
seu I'rocen'sun ter'eteis.
Fasciculi, Median Posterior, op Tnn Me-
dulla Oblongata, Funiculi graciles — f. Mustur
lorum, see Muscular fibre — f. Pyramidales, Fer-
rein, Pyramids of — f. Tcretcs, Processus terctcs,
see Fasciculi iunominati — f. Teretes cordis, Co-
lumnas carnete.
FASCICULUS, Phacel'lns, Phu'cdns, Fas'-
cicle, diminutive of fascis, 'a bundle;' Dcsme'-
dion, 'a small bundle.' In Anatomy, it is cm-
ployed in this sense; as "a fasciculus of fibres,"
(F.) Fascicule, Faiuceau ou Petit Faisceau, Trous-
seau. In Pliarmacy, it means manip' ulus, Chei-
rople'thes, ^etpoTrXrj^i]Si ' »■ handful.' Musa Lras-
savolus says, — as much as can be held iu two
fingers.
■ Fasciculus CuNEATDS, Reinforcement, fascicu-
lus of — f. of Reinforcement, Reinforcement, F. of.
Fascic'ulus UiNCINa'tus. A while bundle,
seen on the lateral aspect of the cerebral hemi-
spheres, passing across the bottom of the fissure
of Sylvius, and connecting the anterior with the
middle and posterior lobes. The fibres of this
fasciculus e-xpand at each extremity, and the su-
perficial portions of them curve <jr hook sharply
between the contiguous parts of the anterior and
middle lobes, whence the epithet 'uncinalus.'
FASCINOSUS, Membrosus.
FASCINUM, Penis.
FASCIOLA, Bandelette —L Cinerea, Tubercu-
lum cinereum — f. Hepatica, Distoma he|)aticuui
— f. llumana, Distoma hepaticum — f. Lancculata,
Distoma hepaticum.
FASELUS, Phaseolus vulgaris.
FASEOLE, Phaseolus.
FASTID'IUM, abridged from fatis tadium.
Fastidiousness, S(jueainishness, or the condition
of a stomach that is really afi'eeted with nausea.
Fastidiusi CiBi, Asitia, Disgust — f. Potds,
Loathing of drink.
FASTItilUM, Acme.
FASTING, from Sax. paerran, Limo'sis expert
protrac'ta, Anorex'ia mirab'ilis, Ine'dia, Jeju'-
uium. Loss or want of appetite,, without any
other apparent affection of the stomach; so that
the system can sustain almost total abstinence
for a long time without faintness. Some won-
derful cases of this kind are on record. See Ab-
stinence.
FAT, Pingne'do, Pim'ele, Piar, Piei'ron, Li-
jios, Stear, Adcps, Sevum, Sebum, Corpus udipo'-
sum, A.xnn'gia, Fat, (F.) Graisse : from (G.)
Fett, (Sax.) pat:. A soft, white, animal sub-
stance; inodorous; insipid; oily; inflammable,
easy to melt; spoiling in the air, and be'coming
rancid by union with oxygen : almost insoluble
in alcohol; insoluble in water; soluble in fixed
oils. Fat is formed of the immediate principles,
stearin, tnargarin, andolein or elaiu, all of which
are regarded as salts composed of stearic, raar-
garic and oleic acids, and a common base, to
which, from its sweetish taste, the name Gtyc"erin
Glyceri'na, Gbjceri'num, (F.) Gbjcirine has been
given. To these are, almost always, joined an
odorous and a colouring principle. Glvcekin.6V)/-
ceri'na, has been introduced into the last edition
of the Pharmacopoeia of the U. S. (1851), in which
it is directed to be prepared as follows : — Lead
}jluster, recently prepared and yet fluid; boitljig
water, of each a gallon ; mix : stir briskly for 15
minutes; allow it to cool and pour off the liquid.
Evaporate until it has the .s. g. 1.15, and pass
slowly through it a current of sulpho-hydric acid
FATIGATIO
!77
FEBRIS
until a lilaek precipitate is no longer thrown
down. Filter and boil until the sulpho-hydric
acid is driven off, and evaporate the liquid until
it ceases to lose weight. Glycerin is a colourless
or straw-coloured syrupy fluid; s. g. 1.25. It is
soluble in water and in alcohol, but not in ether.
It is used in the form of lotion, composed of half
an ounce to ten fluidounces of water, in cutaneous
diseases, as psoriasis, pityriasis, lepra and ichthy-
osis. It forms a kind of varnish, and might be
useful in cases of burns.
Fat is found in a number of animal tissues, and
is very abundant in the neighborhood of the
kidneys and in the epiploon. It is generally fluid
in the cetacea ; soft, and of a strong smell in the
carnivora; solid, and inodorous in the ruminat-
ing animal ; white, and abundant in young ani-
mals ; and yellowish in old. It generallj' forms
about a twentieth part of the weight of the human
body. The fat, considered physiologically, has,
for its fimction, to ]>rotect the organs; maintain
their temperature ; and to serve for nutrition in
case of need; as is observed in torpid animals.
Fat, Corpulent — f. Cells, Fatty vesicles.
Fat, .Mackaw, see Cocos butyracea.
FATKJATIO, Copos.
FATIGUE, Copos.
FATTY, Adipo'nits, Ad'ipa'tus, Pimel'icus, Pi-
meld'des, Li/xiro'den, Lip'anis, Sax. FSBt ; past
participle of peoan, to feed, Ad'ipous, Pinguid,
Pi)i(jiiid'inous. Relating to ftit. llesembling or
containing fat. The cellular membrane has been
called fdlti/ or adipous; froui an opinion that, in
its areolae, the fat is deposited. The areolar
membrane, however, merely lodges, between its
lanielliB and filaments, the vesicles in which the
fat is contained.
Fattv Lh/ambnt, Ad'ipoHs ligament. This
name has been given to a reflection of the syno-
vial membrane of the knee joint, which passes
from the ligamentum patclhe towards the cavity
that separates the condyles of the femur.
Fatty Membranb, Ad'ipom membrane, Adi-
pous tissue. The subcutaneous areolar tissue, or
that containing the fatty or adipous vesicles.
Fatty Ves'iclks, Sac'cidi adipo'si, Ad'ipous
vesicles. Fat cells. This name is given to small
bursa) or membranous vesicles which enclose the
fat, and are found situate in the areolee of the
areolar tissue. These vesicles vary much in
size. Generally, they are round and globular;
and, in certain subjects, receive vessels which are
very apparent. They form so many small sacs
without .apertures, in the interior of which are
filaments arranged like septa. In fatty subjects,
the adipous vesicles are very perceptible, being
attached to the areolar tissue and neighbouring
parts by a vascular pedicle. Raspail affirms that
there is the most striking analogy between the
nature of the adipose granules and that of the
amylaceous grains.
Fatty Vessels, Ad'ipous vessels. The vessels
connected with the fat. Some anatomists have
called Adipous canals, (F.) Conduits adipeitx, the
vessels to which they attribute the secretion of fat.
Fatty Deoenrratios of the Liver, Adiposis
hepatica — f. Liver, Adiposis hepatica.
FA TUfS'ME, Fatuitas.
FATU'ITAS. Moro'sis, Slultit"ia, Stupor mem-
tit. Ame.n'tia ; (F.) Fatuisme, Fatuite, from fatnus,
'foolish.' Mental imbecility. Idiotism. De-
mentia. One affected with fatuity is said to be
/at'uoiis, (fi'C.) Dawpit.
F.\TUrTAS ALPICOLARUM, Cretinism — f.
Convallinus, Cretinism.
FATUOUS, see Fatuity.
FAUCI']:^, Isthmus. Pharynx, Throat.
FAUCKTTE VOICE, see Voice.
FAUNO'RUM LUDIB'RIA. The sports of
the Fauni. Some authors have called thus the
incubus; others, epilepsv.
FAUQUIER SPRINGS, see Virginia, Mine-
ral Waters of.
FAUSSE, False — /. ConccjHion, Conception,
false.
FAUSSE COUCHE (F.), Vanum purtu'rium.
Some authors have used this term for the expul-
sion of different bodies constituting false concep-
tions ; such as moles, hydatids, clots of blood,
<fco.' Most accoucheurs use the term synony-
mously with abortion.
FAUSSE GROSSESSE, Pregnancy, false —
/. Membrane, Membrane, false — /. Pleuresie,
Pleurisy, false — /. Pneumonic, Peripneumonia
notha.
FAUSSE POSITION (F.), False position.
The French use this term, in vulgar language, to
indicate any attitude in which torpor, tingling,
and loss of power over the motion of a part, are
produced by too strong contraction or painful
compression.
FAUSSE RHABARBE, Thalietron— /. Route,
False passage — f. Variole, Varicella.
FAUST I' NI PASTIL'LI, Faustimis's Lo-
zenges. These were once celebrated. They were
composed of burnt paper, quicklime, oxide of ar-
senic, sandarach, lentils, &c.
FAUX, False — /. du Cerveau, Falx cerebri —
/. du Cervelet, Falx cerebelli — ■/. Germe, Concep-
tion, false — /. Grande du peritoine, Falx, great,
of the peritoneum — /. Petite du peritoine, Falx,
lesser, of the peritoneum — •/. de la Veine ombili-
cale, Falx, great, of the peritoneum.
FAVEUX, Favosus.
FAVIFORMIS, Favosus.
FAVO'SUS. Similar to a honeycomb. Favi-
form'is, Favous, from fa vus, cerion, 'a honey-
comb.' (F.) Faveux. An epithet given to a spe-
cies of porrigo. Cerion, Kerion, Farus ; means
also a state of ulceration, resembling a honey-
comb.
FA'VULUS ; diminutive of favus, 'a honey-
comb.' Favuli is used by Dr. Morton, of Phila-
delphia, for the honeycomb-like depressions in the
lining membrane of the stomach — the stomach-
cells of Messrs. Todd and Bowman.
FAVUS, Porrigo, Porrigo fiivosa, see Favosus
— f. Confertus, Porrigo scutulata — f. Dispersus,
Porrigo lupinosa — f. Dissemine, Porrigo lupinosa
— f. en Gronpes, Porrigo scutulata.
FAXWAX, see Nucha.
FEA BERRY, Ribes uva crispa.
FEATIIERFEW, Matricaria.
FEBRIC'ITANS, Feb'riens, Emp'yros, (F.)
Febricitant. One attacked with fever; from /e-
briritare, ' to have a fever.'
FEBRICITATIO, Feverishness.
FEBRICOSUS, Feverish.
FEBRIC'ULA, Fe'veret, (F.) Febricnle. Di-
minutive of /(•tci's, •' fever.' A term employed to
express a slight degree of fever. Ephemera.
FEBRICULOSITY, Feverishness.
FEBRIENS, Febricitans. Feverish.
FEBRIFACIENT, see Feverish.
FEBRIF'EROUS, /'ffi'/v/er, irova fehris, 'fe-
ver,' and fero, ' I carry.' Fever-bearing, as a
febriferons locality.
FEBRIFIC. see Feverish.
FEB'RIFUGE, Lexipyret'icus, Lexipi/r'etus,
Pi/ret'icus, Alcxipyret' icus, Antifebri'lis, Antipy-
ret'ic, Febrifiigus, from febris, ' a fever,' and
fugare, ' to drive away.' A medicine which pos-
sesses the property of abating or driving away
fever.
FEBRIFUGUM LIGNUM. Quassia.
FE'BRILE, Fcbri'lis, Pyret'icus. Relating to
fever, as febrile movement, febrile pulse, &c.
FEBRIS, Fever — f. Aemastica, Synocha — f.
FEBRIS
378
FEBRIS
Acuta, Synoeha — f. Acuta continua, Synocha — f.
Adeno-meningea, Fever, adeno-meningeal — f.
Adeno-nervosa, Plague — f. Africana, Fever, Afri-
can— f. Agrypnodes, see Agrypnodcs and Agryp-
nos — f. Alba, Chlorosis — f. Algida, see Algidus —
f. Am.itoria, Chlorosis, Hectic fever — f. Ame-
ricana, Fever, yellow — f. Ainphemera, Quotidian
— f. Amphimerina heetica. Hectic fever — f. Am-
phimerina latica, Latica (febris) — f. AmpuUosa,
Pemphigus — f. Anabatica, Continued fever — f.
Angioteniea, Synocha — f. Anginosa, Angina
— f. Annua, see Annual diseases — f. Anomala,
Fever, anomalous — f. Aphonica, Fever, aphonic
— f. Aphthosa, Aphtha — f. Apoplectica, Fever,
apoplectic — f. Ardens, Synocha — f. Arte promota,
Fever, artificial — f. Arthritica., Gout — f. Asodes,
Fever, bilious, see Asodes — f. Assidua, Continued
fever — f. Asthenica, Fever, asthenic, Typhus —
f. Asthmatica, Fever, astlimatic — f. Ataxo-adyna-
mica, Fever, ataxo-adynamic — f. Azodes, see Aso-
des— f. Biliosa, Fever, bilious — f. Bullosa, Pem-
phigus— f. Cardialgia, Fever, cardialgic — f. Ca-
tarrhalis, Catarrh — f. Catarrhalis epidemica. In-
fluenza— f. Caumatodes, Synocha — f. Causodes,
Synocha — f. Cephalalgica, Fever, cephalalgic — f.
Cephalica, Fever, cephalic — f. Cholepyretica, Fe-
ver, bilious — f. Choierica, Fever, bilious. Fever,
choleric — ^f. Chronica, Fever, chronic — f. Coiil-
terna, see Coalternaj febres — f. Colliquativa, Fe-
ver, colliquative — f. Comatodes, Fever, apoplec-
tic— f. Communicans, see Subintrantes F. • — f.
Confusa, see Confusse febres — f. Continens, Ty-
phus— f. Continens non putrida, Synocha — f.
Continens putrida, Typhus — f. Continua inflam-
matoria, Empresma — f. Continua putrida, Syno-
chus — f. Continua putrida icterodos Caroliniensis,
Fever, yellow — f. Continua non putris, Synocha
— f. Continua sanguinea, Synocha — f. Convulsiva,
Fever, convulsive — f. Crymodes, see Crymodes,
and Algid fever— f. Culicularis, Miliary fever — f.
cum Delirio, Fever, delirious — f. Dcpuratoria,
Fever, depuratory — f. Dcurens, Synocha — f. Di-
aphoretica., Fever, diaphoretic — f. Diaria, Ephe-
mera— f. Duodccimana, Fever, duodecimane — f.
Dysenterica, Dysentery — f. Elodes, see Elodes —
f. Elodes icterodes. Fever, yellow — f. Enterica,
see Typhus — f. Enteromescuterica, Entero-me-
senteric — f. Epacmastica, see Epacmasticos — f.
Ephemera, Ephemera — f. Epidemica cum angina,
Cynanche maligna — f. Epileptica, Fever, epileptic
■ — f. Erotica, Fever, erotic — f. Erratica, Fever, ano-
malous. Fever, erratic, see Erratic and Planetes
— f. Erronea, see Planetes — f. Erysipelacea, Ery-
sipelas— f. Erysipelatosa, Erysipelas — f. Esserosa,
Miliary fever — f. Exquisita, Fever, regular — f.
Exanthematica articularis, Dengue — f. Famelica,
see Famelica Febris — f. Flava, Fever, yellow — f.
Flava Americanorum, Fever, yellow — f. Gangrao-
nodes, Fever, gangrenous — f. Gastrica, Fever, bi-
lious. Fever, gastric — f. Gastrico-biliosa, Fever,
gastric — f. Gastro-adynamica, Fever, gastro-ady-
namic — f. Haemoptoica, Fever, hsemoptoic — f.
Hebdoraadana, Octana — f. Heetica, Hectic fever
— f. Heetica infantum, Tabes mesenterica — f.
Heetica maligna nervosa, Typhus mitior — f. He-
meresia. Quotidian — f. Hemitritaja, Hemitritaa —
f. Hepatica, Fever, bilious — f. Hepatica inflam-
matoria. Hepatitis — f. Horrifica, see Algidus — f.
Horrida, see Algidus — f. Humoralis, Fever, hu-
moral— f. Hungarica, Fever, Hungaric — f. Hydro-
cephalica, Hydrocephalus internus — f. Hydro-
phobica. Fever, hydrophobic — f. Hysteretica, see
Postpositio — f. Hysterica, Fever, hysteric — f. Ic-
terica. Fever, icteric — f. Iliaca inflammatoria. En-
teritis— f. Infantum remittens. Fever, infantile
remittent — f. Inflammatoria, Synocha — f. Inten-
sio, Epitasis — f. Intermittens, Intermittent fever
— f. Intermittens cephalica larvata. Cephalalgia
periodica — f. Intestinalis ulcerosa, see Typhus —
f. Intestinorum, Enteritis — f. Irregularis, Fever
anomalous — f. Lactea, Fever, milk — f. LarvatOi
Fever, masked — f. Lenta, Fever, infantile remit*
tent. Hectic fever, Synochus — f. Lenta nervosa,
Typhus mitior, Fever, nervous — f. Lenticularis,
Miliary fever — f. Lethargica, Fever, apoplectic —
f. Lochialis, Fever, lochia! — f. Lygmodcs, Fever,
singultous — f. Lyngodes, Fever, singultous — f.
Maligna, Fever, malignant — f. Maligna biliosa
America), Fever, yellow — f. Maligna cum Sopore,
Typhus — f. Maligna flava Indiao occidentalis.
Fever, yellow — f. Marasmodes, Hectic fever, Ma-
rasmopyra — f. Meningo-gastricus, Fever, gastric
— f. Mesenterica, Fever, adeno-meningeal. Fever,
mesenteric — f. Methemerina, Quotidian — f. Mili-
aris. Miliary fever — f. Minuta, Fever, syncopal—
f. Morbillosa, Rubeola — f. Mucosa, Fever, adeno-
meningeal — f. Mucosa verminosa. Fever, infan-
tile remittent — f. Nautica pestilentialis. Typhus
gravior — f. Nephritica, Fever, nephritic — f. Ner-
vosa, Fever, nervous — f. Nervosa enterica, see
Typhus — f. Nervosa epidemica. Typhus — f. Ner-
vosa exanthematica, Typhus — f. Nervosa gas-
trica, see Typhus — f. Nervosa mesenterica, see
Typhus — f. Nervosa petechialis. Typhus — f. Neu-
rodes. Fever, nervous — f. Nocturnus, see Noctur-
nal— f. Nonana, Fever, nonane — f. Nosocomio-
rum, Typhus gravior — f. Nycterinus, see Noctur-
nal— f. Octana, Fever, octane — f. Oscitans, Osci-
tant fever — f. Paludosa, see Elodes — f. Pan-
nonica. Fever, Hungary — f. Pemphigodes,
Pemphigus — f. Pemphingodes, Pemphigus — f.
Pempta, Quintan — f. Periodica, Fever, periodic
— f. Perniciosa, Fever, pernicious — f. Pestilens,
Plague — f. Pestilens maligna. Typhus gravior
— f. Pestilentialis, Fever, pestilential — f. Pesti-
lentialis Europae, Typhus gravior — f. Petechialis,
Typhus gravior — f. Phthisica, Hectic fever — f.
Planetes, see Planetes — f. Plcuritica, Pleuritis — f.
Podagrica, Gout — f. Polycholica, Fever, bilious —
f. Pneumonica, Fever, pneumonic, Pneumonia —
f. Puerperalis biliosa, Metrocholosis — f. Puerpe-
rarum. Puerperal fever — f. Puncticularis, Mili-
ary fever. Typhus gravior — f. Puerperalis, Fever,
puerperal — f. Purpurate rubra et alba miliaris,
Miliary fever — f. Purulenta, Fever, purulent — f.
Putrida, Typhus gravior — f. Putrida nervosa,
Typhus mitior — f. Quartana, Quartan — f. Quer-
quera, see Algidus — f. Quinta, Quintan — f. Quin-
tana. Fever, quintan. Quintan — f. Quotidiana,
Fever, quotidian. Quotidian — f. Regularis, Fever,
regular — f. Remittens, Remittent fever — f. Re-
mittens infantum, Fever, infantile remittent — f.
Rheumatica inflammatoria. Rheumatism, acute —
f. Rubra, Scarlatina — f. Rubra pruriginosa, Urti-
caria— f. Sanguinea, Synocha — f. Sapropyra, Ty-
phus gravior — f. Scarlatinosa, Scarlatina — f.
Scorbutica, Fever, scorbutic — f. Semitertiana,
Hemitrittea — f. Septana, Fever, septan — f. Scs-
quialtera, Hemitritsea — f. Sextana, Fever, sextan
— f. Simplex, Ephemera, Fever, simple — f. Sin-
gultosa. Fever, singultous — f. Soporosa, Fever,
apoplectic — f. Stercoralis, Fever, stercoral — f.
Sthenica, Synocha — f. Stomachica inflammato-
ria, Gastritis — f. Subintrans, Fever, subintrant —
f. Sudatoria, Fever, diaphoretic, Ilydropyretus,
Sudor anglicus — f. Syncopalis, Fever, syncopal —
f. Syphilitica, Fever, syphilitic— f. Tabida, Fever,
colliquative. Hectic fever — f. Tertiana, Fever,
tertian. Tertian fever — f. Tonica, Synocha — f.
Topica, Neuralgia, facial — f. Toxica, Fever, yel-
low— f. Tragica, Fever, tragic — f. Traumatica,
Fever, traumatic — f. Tropica, Fever, yellow — f.
Typhodes, Typhus— f. Urticata, Urticaria— f. Ute-
rina. Metritis — f. Vaga, Fever, anomalous, see Pla-
netes— f. Variolosa, Variola — f. Verminosa, Fever,
infantile remittent, F. verminous, Helminthopyra
— f. Vernalis, Fever, vernal — f. Vesicular!?, Mili-
ary Fever, Pemphigus — f. Virginum, Chlorosis.
FEBRUA
379
FEIGNED DISEASES
FEB'IIUA, from fehruo, ' I purge.' In ancient
mythology, a goddess who presided over men-
Btruation.
FECAL, Stercoraceous.
FECES, Faeces.
FUcONDATION, Fecundation.
FECONDITE, Fecundity.
FEC'ULA, FcB'citla, diminutive of /<E.r, fcBcls,
'lee.' An immediate principle of vegetables,
composed of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon. It
exi.<ts in several plants, and has different names,
according to that which furnishes it. (F.) Feciile,
Ami/dole. When extracted from wheat or barley,
it is called starch, Am'ylum. When from Cycas
circina'lis, Sci'jo ; — {TOva Orchis mo'rio, Salep.
We say, also, Fecula of the Potato, Bryony,
Arum, Manioc, &c.
Fecula, Gkeen. This name is given to a green,
solid matter, of variable character, which is be-
lieved to be resinous, and which renders turbid
several kinds of juices, extracted from vegetables.
It is also called ChlorophylL
Fecula Amylacea, Amylum — f. Marantic,
Arrow-root — f. Tapiokii, see Jatropha manihot.
FECULE, Fecula.
FECULENCE, Facuhn'tin, Facos'itas, Fax,
plural Fmcen, Lemma, Lee, Depos'it, Dre<js. In
Pharmacy, feculent, albuminous, or other sub-
stances, which are deposited from turbid fluids.
FECULENT, Fascnlen'tus, Hypot'rygus, Try-
go'des. 'Foul, dreggV) excrementitious ;' as a
feculent fluid, feculent evacuations, <fcc.
FECUND, Feeun'dus, Fw.cun'dus, (F.) Fecond.
Same etymon as the next. Fruitful, prolific.
FECUNDA'TION, Facnnda'tio, Twpregnn'-
tion, Impragnu'tio, lugrarida'tio, Pragna'tio,
Gravida'tio, Prcp.gna'tus, Fructijica'tio, Cye'sis,
Encye'ais, Eneymo'sia, Procrea'tion, (F.) Fecon-
dution. The act by which, in organized beings,
the material furnished by the generative organs
of the female, unites with that prepared by those
of the male, so that a new being results.
FECUN'DITY. Entoc'ia, FcBcun'ditas, Pro-
ductiv'itas, (F.) Fecondite. The faculty of repro-
duction, possessed by organized bodies.
It has been estimated that, throughout a coun-
try, taking one marriage with another, not more
than 4 children are the result; and iu towns only
35 children to 10 marriages.
FEE, Pyschorages, Sostrum.
FEET, BURNING OF THE. A singular cn-
chectic disease, described by Mr. Malcohnson as
occurring in India, the prominent symptom of
which was a sense of burning in the feet.
FEGARITE, Cancer aquaticus. Stomatitis,
pseudo-membranous.
FEIGNED DISEASES, Morhi dissimula'ti
seu simnla'ti sen cela'ti sea infitia'ti seu pseiida'-
lei, Sim'idated or Preteud'ed diseases, (F.) Mala-
dies dissimulees ou simulees ou feintes ou snppo-
sees. The tricks euiplnj-cd, by impostors, to
induce a belief that they are attacked with dis-
eases when they are not. These are generally
assumed by beggars to obtain alms; by criminals
to escape punishment; and by soldiers to be
exempt from duty.
The following table exhibits the chief feigaed
diseases, with the means of detection:
A TABLE OF FEIGNED, PRETENDED, SIMULATED, OR EXCITED DISEASES OR
DISQUALIFICATIONS.
Diseases, &c.
How Feigned.
How Detected.
1. Abortion.
2. Abstinence.
3. Amaurotic
Blindness.
4. Apoplexy.
5. Cachexia, Anae-
mia, AND Debility.
6. Excretion of
Calculi.
7. Cancerous Ul-
cer.
8. Catalepsy.
By staining the clothes and body
with borrowed blood.
9. Chorea.
10. Contraction op
Joints in Gene-
ral
4
By applying the extract of bella
donna or datura stramonium to
the eye.
By falling down as if deprived of
sensation and consciousness.
Using substances to make the face
appear pale and livid. Indulging
freely in wine, and privation of
sleep prior to examination.
Putting sand, pebbles, &c., into the
urine.
By gluing on a portion of a spleen
with the smooth side to the skin,
leaving on the outside the ap-
pearance of an ulcerated surface.
By seeming to be suddenly motion-
less, the joints remaining flexible,
and external objects making no
impression.
By assuming the convulsive motions
of a part which characterize cho-
rea.
By constant and minute attention.
Amaurosis is characterized by dila-
ted pupil. Where these sub-
stances have been applied, the
effects will go off in ten days or a
fortnight.
By powerful stimulants ; an electric
shock ; application of hot water,
sternutatories, actual cautery, &c.
By examining if the pulse be strong,
and the skin hot, and whether
there be loss of appetite or of
strength, or swelling of the limbs.
By the aid of chymistry. We are
acquainted with the chymical
composition of urin.ary calculi.
By noticing whether there be signs
of cachexia, and by attentive ex-
amination of the part.
By powerful stimulants, as recom-
mended under apoplexy. Letting
fall a drop of boiling wafer on the
back. Proposing to u^;e the ac-
tual cautery, and seeing whether
the pulse rises.
By examining the patient whilst he
may imauine himself unobserved,
and seeing whether the convul-
sive motions go on. By anaes-
thetics. (?)
Jlode of discrimination sometimes
so obscure as to deceive the most
practised and attentive.
FEIGNED DISEASES
380
FEIGNED DISEASES
Diseases, &c.
IIow Feigned.
How Detected,
11. Contraction op
TJiE Fingers.
12. Convulsions.
13. Opake Cornea.
14. Cutaneous Dis-
eases
Produced by the application of a
strong acid, by acrid powders, as
quicklime, &C.
Some articles of diet will bring on
urticaria or nettle-rash, In parti-
cular individuals, as shell-fish,
bitter almonds, &c. By acrids,
acids, or any irritants applied to
the surface. An ointment of tar-
tarized antimony causes a painful
pustular eruption. See Porrigo,
in this list.
15.Deaf-Dumbness. ■
16. Deafness.
17. Death.
18. Debility,
Cachexia.
19. Deformity.
20. Delivery,
21. Diarrhcea,
22. Dropsy.
23. Dysentery.
It may be assumed or excited by
putting a pea in the ear, or by
inserting irritants, so as to induce
inflammation and temporary loss
of function.
Some persons possess the power of
suspending or moderating the ac-
tion of the heart.
After enlargement produced artifi-
cially, a subsidence of the tume-
faction •. the parts being moisten-
ed by borrowed blood, and the
child of another substituted as
the female's own.
Said to have been caused by a mix-
j ture of vinegar and burnt cork. (?)
May be occasioned by the use of
any of the purgative roots, <fec.
May be feigned, like pregnancy, by
wearing pads. The anasarcous
condition of the lower limbs has
been caused by applying a liga-
ture round them. By inflating
the cellular membrane of the ab-
domen.
May be feigned, like diarrhoea, by
adding a little blood to the eva-
cuations, or by introducing a soap
or some more irritating supposi-
tory.
Introduce a cord between the fin-
gers and the palm of the hand,
and gradually apply weights so
as to expand the fingers. Confine
him so that he cannot obtain his
food without using his clenched
hand.
When feigned, they do not present
the rigidity of muscles or the ra-
pidity of action which characte-
rize the real. The mode of de-
tection must be the same as in
epilepsy.
The existence of the opacity can be
detected by attentive observation.
By careful examination on the part
of practitioner and nurse.
The really deaf and dumb acquire
an expression of countenance and
gestures which it is difiicult to
assume.
Make a noise when not expected,
and see if the countenance varies
or pulse rises. Put to sleep by
opium, and then fire a pistol close
to the car, when he may be
thrown off his guard. Examine
the car to see if any trick has
been played there.
If suspected, the plan recommended
under apoplexy will be found
most efficacious.
Examine the part and its articula-
tion, naked, and compare it with
the opposite.
Can only be positively detected by
examination ^jor -vaginam. Soon
after delivery, the vagina will be
relaxed and the lochial discharge
be flowing in greater abundance,
the shorter the time that may
have elapsed since delivery.
When diarrhoea is feigned by the
lower classes, inspect the linen ;
if clean, the bowels are probably
not much out of order. Lot every
individual have a close stool of
his own ; and inspect the evacua-
tions, taking care that one suffer-
ing under the disease does not'
lend his evacuations to another. I
Can be detected by attentive exa-
mination. There will be a want
of that Icucophlcgmatic habit
which accompanies and charac-
terizes dropsy.
Same rules as under diarrhoea.
FEIGNED DISEASES
381
FEIGNED DISEASES
Diseases, <!^c.
IIow Feigned.
IIow Detected.
24. Epilepst.
25. Fever.
26. Fistula in Ano.
127. FnACTtinES.
28. H^matemesis.
! 29. Hjcmoptysis.
30. HAEMORRHOIDS.
31. IlEAnT,DlSEASES "
OF, see Palpita
32. IIepatitis.
The foaming of the mouth has been
produced by keeping a piece of
soap in it.
By various stimulants, as wine,
brandy, pepper; swallowing a
small quantity of tobacco, or in-
troducing it into the anus. Flour
or chalk used to whiten the
tongue. Redness of skin, caused
by friction with a hard brush.
By making an incision near the
verge of the anus, and introducing
into it an acrid tent, such as the
root of white hellebore, &c.
There is generally nothing but the
man's own testimony. He com-
plains of pain in the part ; if frac-
ture of the skull be feigned, he
states, perhaps, that he becomes
deranged on tasting liquor. ••
By drinking the blood of some ani-
mal, or using some coloured li-
quid, and then throwing it up.
By secreting bullock's blood for the
purpose of colouring the saliva;
making small incisions in the
mouth ; using bole armeniac or
paint of vermilion.
By introducing bladders of rats or of
small fish partly intvo the rectum.
The linen has also been stained
with borrowed blood.
Sensation in epilepsy is totally abo-
lished. If any remain, disease
probably feigned. Incontractility
of pupil, which occurs in epilepsy,
cannot be feigned. Same means
to be used as in feigned apoplexj .
This deceit is generally developed
by a day or two's examination.
'Where flour or chalk has been
used to whiten the tongue, the
line of demarcation between the
whitened part and the clean,
healthy margin of the tongue, is
too well marked to escape obser-
vation.
By careful examination.
By attentive examination.
By cutting oflF the supply of the fluid
and careful examination.
Blood from the lungs is frothy and
light-coloured. Mouth and fauces
must be carefully inspected, and
the individual be observed.
33. Herxia.
34. Hydrocele.
35. HvnnoCEPHA-
LUS.
36. Hysteria.
37. 1.vsAyiTY.
38. Jaundice.
In the same manner as hydrocele ; | rpj^g detection is easy
The means are obvious
Unless the person be a well-educated
impostor, acute inflammation of
the liver will be detected by the
absence of marks of strong in-
flammatory action. Chronic liver
disease is, frequently, not charac-
terized by well-marked symp-
toms, and hence, when assumed,
is difficult of detection.
by inflation.
By puncturing the skin of the scro-
tum, and inflating the. cellular
membrane.
By opening the integuments of the
head, near the vertex, e. g. and
blowing in air.
Do.
Do.
By colouring the skin with an infu-
sion of turmeric or tincture of
rhubarb. Clay-cnlnrired «foo?s pro-
duced by taking daily a small
quantity of muriatic acid. Hifih-
cnloured urine by rhubarb taken
internally.
Does not easily resist the applica-
tion of strong sternutatories to
the nostrils. Attentive examina-
tion necessary.
The expression of countenance can-
not easily be feigned. Nor can
the affection be kept up so long
as in real mental alienation. The
individual cannot do so long with-
out food, sleep, &c.
The eyes cannot be coloured, al
though smoke has been used lor
this purpose. The skin must be
washed to remove the colouring
matter if any exist, and the sup-
ply of acid and rhubarb be pre-
vented.
FEIGNED DISEASES
382
FEIGNED DISEASES
Diseases, &c.
Uow Feigned.
How Detected.
39. Lameness.
40. Menstruation.
41. Myopia.
Short-Si ffhtedness.
42. Ophthalmia-
43. Oz.ENA.
44. Palpitation.
45. Pains.
46. Shaking Palsy.
47. Paralysis.
48. Phthisis Pul-
MONALIS.
49. Polypus Nasl
50. PORRIGO.
Scalled Head.
51. Pregnancy.
52. Prolapsus Ani.
53. Prolapsus Ute-
By keeping the limb in a contracted
state, and resisting any efforts to
move it.
f By staining the clothes and body
1 with borrowed blood.
Excited by a variety of acrid and
corrosive substances applied to
the eye; as lime, &c.
A portion of black muslin, spread
' over the cornea. The eyelashes
are sometimes extracted, and
caustic applied to excite disease
in the palpebraj.
By impregnating a piece of sponge
with some offensive juices or oils,
mixed with decayed cheese, and
putting the imbued sponge into
the nostrils.
White hellebore, given in the dose
of 10 or 12 grains, and repeated,
will occasion general indisposi-
tion, and undue action of the heart.
Individuals with long necks and
contracted shoulders have simu-
lated phthisis, by covering the
chest with blisters, cicatrices of
issues, &c., and by taking drugs
which cause paleness.
By introducing the testicle of a
young cock, or the kidney of a
rabbit, into the nostril, and re-
taining it there by means of a
sponge fastened to it.
By applying nitric acid to the head,
after protecting the face with
fatty substances ; but the chronic
state is imitated by the use of
depilatories of different kinds ap-
plied sometimes in patches, so
as to resemble the Porrigo de-
calvans.
By wearing pads, and assuming the
longing after particular articles ■
of diet, (fee.
By aportion of the intestine of the ox,
in which a sponge filled with a
mixture of blood and milk is placed.
By a similar fraud.
By two persons taking hold of the |
individual and moving rapidly
along with him ; and when they
are tired, having relays. The
impostor will generally give in.
By cutting off the supply.
Present an open book, and apply
the leaves close to the nose. If
it cannot be read distinctly, when
thus placed, or when glasses
proper for short-sightedness are
used, the disease is feigned.
When ophthalmia is thus excited,
its progress is ordinarily very
rapid, arriving at its height within
a few hours.
Cut off the supply.
The detection is here often difficult.
The non-existence of pain cannot
be proved, and great pain may be
present without any appearance
externally.
The imposition is more frequently
detected by inconsistencies hnd
contradictions in the patient's
history of the case, than in any
other manner.
May be suspected, if the person be
in an ordinary state of vigour.
Try violent remedies and means,
recommended under Chorea.
Violent remedies are here required.
Cold affusion, actual cautery,
electric shocks, &c.
By attentive examination of the
symptoms.
By the absence of the areola; the
presence of a pad ; and, if neces-
sary, by examination /)erfa(/iH"«i.
FEIGNED DISEASES
f!83
FEIGNED DISEASES
How Feigned.
How Detectkd.
) sponding arm.
OF. (.
55. CiiRoyic Rheu-
matism.
See Pain.
56. Scrofula.
57. Scurvy.
By examining whether the arteries
of the two arms heat alike; and
if a ligature be placed on the arm.
66. Stammering.
159. Stricture of
i THE Urethra.
9. Swelling of THE
Legs.
61. Syncope.
, 62. Tympany.
63. Ulcer op the
Ear.
64. Ulcers op the J
Legs, &c.
By excitina: nlcers below the angles
of the jaw.
By covering the teeth with wax,
and then applying acid, corrosive
substances to the gums.
65. Bloody Urine.
. Incontinence of
Urine.
i 67. Varicose Veins.
By ligatures round the thighs.
Ligatures are sometimes used to
prevent the pulse being felt. By
applying lotions to the face to
make it pale.
Persons have possessed the power of
swallowing air, so as to distend the
stomach, and simnlate tj'rnpany.
By introducing a tent, imbued with
blistering plaster into the ear,
and repeating the application,
until the tube becomes ulcerated,
and a discbarge of puriforni mat-
ter is established. The fetid smell
is imitated, by dropping into the
ear & mixture of ompyreumatic
oil, asafoetida, and old cheese.
Also, by introducing a little honey
into the meatus.
By corrosives, or irritants. Some-
times b}"- abrasion, by rubbing
sand on the shin-bone. At others,
they are pretended, by gluing on
a piece of spleen or the skin of a
frog.
The fruit of the Indian Fig (Cactim
opuntin) colours the urine as red
as blood. Cantharides will cause
it. Blood may also be procured
and mixed with the urine.
' By a ligature, placed tightly round
the limb. They may be excited
in this manner, or aggravated if
already existing.
By examining the general habit,
and observing whether the ulce-
rations be glandular, and the dis-
cbarge of a scrofulous character.
By examining the general habit;
whether debilitated, cachectic,
and possessing the usual general
signs of scorbutus.
Simulators of this defect generally
state, that it is connate, or ascribe
it to a fit of apoplexy or severe
fever. Where the organs of
speech were perfect, and the mo-
ral evidence of the previous ex-
istence of the infirmity was not
satisfactory, the French authori-
ties used to confine the soldiers,
and not supply them with food,
until they called for it without
stammering.
j By passing a bougie.
Examine the limbs uncovered.
By using sternutatories. By the
absence of some of the symptoms
of syncope. Examine the naked
arms. Wash the face.
• By careful examination.
Artificial ulcers have, usually, a
more distinct margin, and are
more readily healed than others;
the latter being generally indi-
cative of an impaired constitu-
tion.
By making the patient pass his
urine in the presence of the phy-
sician, and examining the vessel
before and after. By cutting off
the supply of any substance,which
could cause the appearance.
Difficult, at times, of detection. Give
the person a full dose of opium,
and introduce the catheter when
he is asleep. If there be urine,
the incontinence is feigned.
Bj' examining the limb.
FEL
384
FERN
FEL, Bile — f. Anguillfe, see Bile — f. Bovinum,
Bile of the Ox — f. Bovis, see Bile — f. Naturae,
Aloes — f. Tauri, see Bile — f. Terrac, Ludus Ilel-
inontii^f. Ursi, see Bile — f. Vitri, see Vitrum.
FELDSrH KEREN, Bathers.
FELINKUS, Bilious.
FELLEUS, Biliary, Bilious.
FELLIDUCUS, Chola-ogue.
FELLIS OBSTRUCTIO, Icterus — f. Super-
fusio, leterus — f. Suifusio, Icterus.
FELON, Paronychia.
FELTING, from Anglo-Saxon pelc, cloth or
stuff made without xceaving. Tan(jUng. A term
applied to the hair when inextricably interlaced,
as occurs occasionally in women from inattention.
FEL ['RE BE GLASER, Fissure, glenoid.
FELWORT, Gentiana lutea.
FEI^IALE, Foi'mina, Fe'mina, Gyne, (F.) Fe-
mclle, (Femme, 'woman.') In animals, the one
that engenders and bears the young. It is, also,
used adjectively ; — as, the Female Sex, &c.
Female Parts, Vulva.
FEMELLE, Female.
FEMEN, Thigh (inner part), Vulva.
FEMIXA, Female.
FEMINES'CENCE, Fcemineacen'tia, from /«-
mina, 'a female.' The possession or assumption
of certain male characteristics by the female. —
Mehliss.
FEMME EN COUCHE, Puerpera.
FEM'ORAL, Femora'lia, from femur, femorin,
'the thigh-bone.' Belonging or relating to the
thigh ; as Femoral artery, Femoral hernia, &C.
See Crural.
FEMORALIS, Triceps cruris.
FEMOIW- CALCANIEN PETIT, Plantar
muscle — • f . Popliteal, great. Sciatic nerve, great
— /. P'jpliti-tibidi, Poplitffius muscle.
FEM'ORO-TIB'IAL, Femoro-tlbia'lia. Be-
longing to the femur and tibia. The Femoro-
tihial arfic.nliition is, the knee-joint.
FEMUR, Merus, Me'ritim. The thigh (q. v.)
Also, the tkiyJi bone, Os fem'oris, (F.) L'os de la
Cniese. The strongest and longest of all the
bones of the body, extending from the pelvis to
the tibia, and forming the solid part of the thigh.
The femur is cylindrical, slightly curved anteri-
orly, unsymmetrical and oblique downwards and
inwards. The body of the bone is prismatic, and
has, behind, a prominent ridge, the linea aspera.
Processes. ■
Upper or
Pelvic
Extremity.
Inferior or
Tibial
Head supported on a
column or neck.
Great trochanter.
Lesser trochanter.
External condyle.
Internal condyle.
Extremity I External tuberosity.
•'■ [ Internal tuberosity.
The femur ossifies from five points: — one on
each process of the pelvic extremity; one in the
body of the bone; and two on the condyles. It
is articulated with the pelvis, tibia, and patella.
See Thigh.
FEMUR COL DU, Collum femoris— f Mo-
Tentium septimus, Iliacus internus — f. Moven-
tium sextus. Psoas magnus — f. Summum, Vulva.
FENES'TRA. K icindoto, (akin to (paivw, 'I
show,' and to Sanscrit/a»H.) (F.) Fenetre. Ana-
tomists have given this name to two apertures,
situate in the inner paries of the cavity of the
tympanum. The one of these is the Fenest'ra
ova'lis seu vestihxda'ris, Fora'men ova'le. It is
oval-shaped ; situate at the base of the stapes,
and corresponds with the cavity of the vestibule.
The other is the Fenest'ra rotun'da seu cochlea'-
ria seu triq'uetra, Fora'men rotun'dxtm. It is
closed by a fine, transparent membrane, called
Membra'na Tympani fectin'daria, Tympanum mi-
nus seu secnnda'rium, Ulembra'na fenestra: rotiin'-
dcD, and corresponds to the inner scala of the
cochlea.
Frnesttia Oculi, Pupil.
FENES'TRAL, Fencstra'tus, from fenestra,
'a window.' (F.) Fenetri et Fenestrf. Ban-
dages, compresses, or plasters with small perfo-
rations or openings, are so called. The opeuings
prevent the detention of the discharge.
FENESTRATES, FenestraL
FENESTPE, FenestraL
FEN/- TEE, Fenestra.
FENETRE, FenestraL
FENNEL, Anethum — f. Dogs', Anthemis co-
tula — f. Flower, Nigella — f. Hog's, Peucedanum
— f. Sweet, Anethum — f. Water, Phellandriuui
aquaticum.
FENOUIL, Anethum—/. d'Ean, Phelhmdrium
aquaticum — ■/. Marin, Crithmum maritiiiiuni— /.
de Pore, Peucedanum — /. Ptiant, Anetlium gra-
veolens.
FENTE, Fissure—/. Capillaire, see Pilatio—
/. Glenoidale, Fissure, glenoid — f. Orbitaire, Or-
bitar fissure — /. Orbitaire inferieure, Spheno-
maxillary fissure — /. Spheno-maxillaire, Spheno-
maxillary fissure — /. SjjhSuoidale, Sphenoidal
fissure.
FENUGREC, Trigonella foenum.
FENUGREEK, Trigonella foenum.
FER, Ferrum — f. Acetate de, Ferri acetas— /.
BrSmwe de, see Bromine — /. Carbonate de, Ferri
protocarbonas — /. Carbure de, Graphites — f.
Chaiid, Pyrosis — /. Hydrate de, tritoxide de,
.^tites — f. Hydriodatc de, see Ferri iodidum— /.
lodure de, Ferri iodidum, see Iodine — /. Lactate
de, Ferri Lactas — /. Limaille de, Ferri liinatura
— /. Perchlorure de, Ferri chloridum— /. Peroxide
de, Ferri subcarbonas — /. et de Potasse, tartrate
de, Ferrum tartarizatum — /. et de Potassium, cyn-
nure de, Potassii Ferrocyanuretum — /. et de Po-
tassium, protocyanure de, Potassii Ferrocyanare-
tum — f. Reduit par I'liydrogcne, Ferri pulvis — f.
Sulphate de, Ferri Sulphas—/. Sulphure de, Ferri
Sulphuretum — /. Tannate de, Ferri tannas — /.
Trichlorure de, Ferri chloridum — /. Vuleriaitat<i
de, Ferri Valerianas.
FERALIS PEDICULUS, see Pediculus.
FERINE, Feri'nus; 'savage, brutal;' from
fera, 'a wild beast.' Therio'des. A term, ap-
plied to any malignant or noxious disease. In
France it is used only when joined to Tonx ;
Toux ferine, a dry, obstinate, and painful cough.
FERMENT, Fermen'tum, (quasi fervimentum,
from ferveo, 'I burn, I ferment,') Zyma, Zymo'-
ma, Leven, (F.) Levain. The latrochy mists ap-
plied this name to imaginary substances, Fer-
men'ta mor'bi, to which they attributed the power
of producing disease, by exciting a fermentation
in the humours.
FERMENTA'TION, Fermenta'tio, Zymo'sis,
yEstua'tio, Cansis, lirasmos. Same etymon. An
intestinal movement, occurring spontiineously in
a liquid; whence result certain substances, that
did not previously exist in it.
The chemical physicians attributed all diseases
to an imaginary fermentation of the humours.
FRnjiENTATioN, PUTREFACTIVE, Putrcfaction.
FERMENTUM CEREVISIiE, Yest— f. Morbi,
Ferment — f Ventriculi, Gastric juice.
FERN, BUSH, Comptonia asplenifolia— f. Cin-
namon, Osmunda cinnamoniea — f. Eagle, Pteria
aquilina — f. Female, Asplenium filix foemina,
Pteris aquilina — f. Flowering, Osmunda regalis —
f. Gale, Comptonia asplenifolia — f. Male, Poly-
podium filix mas — f. Meadow, Cotnptonia aspleni-
folia— f. Rock, Adiantum pedatum — f. Root,
Polypodium vulgare — f. Sweet, Adiantum peda-
fernAmbuco wood
385
FERRI PIIOSPIIAS
turn, Coinptonia asplenifolia — f. Sweet, shrubby,
Corapt'>tiia a.-:plenif'r)lia.
FKllXAMiJUCO WOOD, Caesalpinia echinata.
FEHXFRKOKLED, Ephelides.
FERNITICKLK.S, Piphelides.
FERO'NIA EliEPHAN'TUM, (from the god-
dess Feninia.) A tree of India, Order Auranti-
ace;c, which yields a guui eU)sely resembling
(Jum Arabic. Dr. Pereira thinks it not impro-
bable, that a part of the Eniit India gum taken to
England may be the produce of this tree. The
leaves are aromatic, of an odour resembling anise,
and are used ns a carminative.
F K 11 K A M !'i N 'T U M, Side' r ion, Instrnmen'tum
fer'reiim, from fcrrum, 'iron.' Any surgical in-
strument made of iron. By the vulgar, in France,
the word frrreiitents means the iitnlruiiieiita used
in difiic-ult labours.
FHKRAUrA, Scrophularia aquatica.
FERRATIIS, Chalybeate.
FERRIilX, CANAL OF, Ductm Ferrci'ni. A
trian^'iilar channel, which Ferrein supposed to
result from the approximation of the free edges
of the eyelids api)lied to the globe of the eye;
and which ho considered ailapted for directing
the tears towards the puneta lacrymalia, during
Bleep. The canal is, probably, imaginary.
The same name is likewise given to the corti-
cal cnnah. — the first portions of the uriuiferous
ducts, whilst still in the cortical substance of the
kidney.
Fkrrrin, Pyr'amids op, Pi/mm'idcs Ferrei'ni.
Each of the papilliB of the kidney, according to
Ferrein, consists of, at least, 700 subordinate
cones or pyramids. To these last the names 'py-
ramids nf Ferrein,' Pi/rani' idea reiia'len Ferrei' iii,
Fascic'idi pyrtitnidd'les, Fan'ciculi cortica'len,
Loh'idi renuiit. have been given.
FERRI ACE'TAS, Extmc'titm mnrtin nce'ti-
cum, Ace'ticuin nmrlia'le, Ac"ef(ite of Iron, Iron
Liqnor, {¥.] Acetate defer. A preparation of
the Dublin Pharmacopoeia, made by digesting 1
part o( carbonate of iron in 6 parts of acetic acid
for three days, and filtering. Dose, as a tonic
and astringent. TT^v to TTLxx, in water.
FF.nui JEiu'go, F. Subcarljonas — f. et Ammo-
niae murias, Ferrum ammoniatum — f. Ammonio-
ohloriduin, Ferrum ammoniatum.
Ferri et Alu'mis.'E SuM'HAS. Snlphate of Iron
and Alumina, is made by treating hicarbonated
solution of soft iron and carbonated solution of
pure n-anhed alumina, with Hutphuric acid. It
Las been recommended as a valuable astringent.
Dose, from five to ten grains.
Fkrri Ammo'nio-cituas, AmmonicB fcrro-citran,
Fernim ammoni'aco-cit'ricuin, Anunonio-citrate
of iron. Citrate of ammonia and iron. Prepared
by adding ammonia to citrate of iron, so as to
neutralize the excess of acid. Dose, gr. v. to gr.
viij. A PoTAssio-CiTUATE and a Sonio-CiTRATE
OP Iron have also been introduced ; and a Ci-
trate of the Magnetic Oxide of Iron prepared
by combining the magnetic oxide with citric acid.
Ferri Ammonio-tahtras, Ammonio-tartrate of
Iron. This salt is best made by dissolving to
saturation freshly precipitated hydrated oxide of
iron in a solution of bitartrate of ammonia, and
evaporating to dryness. It is very soluble. The
dose is five grains or more in pill or solution.
Fruri Arsenias, Arseniate of Iron — f. Dorus-
sias, Prussian blue — f. Bromidum, see Bromine —
f. Carbonas, F. subearbonas — f. Carbonas Sac-
eharatum, see F. Protoearbonas — f. Carbonas cum
Saccharo, see Ferri Protoearbonas — f. Carbona-
tuin. Graphites — f. Carburetum, Graphites.
Ferri Ciii.o'RinrM. /'. S(S(juichlo'ridum, (F.)
Trichlonirc ou Perchlorure de fer. Chloride, Scu-
quichloride, Perrhloride or Muriate of Iron, is
obtained by dissolving aeaqui-chloride of iron in
25
chlorohydric acid. It is generally prescribed in
the form of Tinctura Ferri Chloridi. A concen-
trated solution of the perchloride has been used
as an injection for the radical cure of aneurism.
Feiiri Citra.s, Ferrum cil'ricum, Citrate of
Iron. Two citrates of iron are prepared — the
Sexquicitrate or Citrate of the Senqniojcide ; and
the Citrate of the Protoxide. The former is offi-
cinal in the Ph. U. S. They resemble, in their
medical properties, the tartrate and the lactate
of the metal. Dose, five grains or more.
Ferri Cvanuretum, Prussian bine — f. Deuto.
carbonas fuscus, F. subearbonas — f. Dcutoxyduui
nigrum, ^thiops martial — f. Ferrocyauiis, Prus-
sian blue — f. Ferrocyanuretum, Prussian blue.
Ferri Filum. The pharmaeopoeial name of
iron wire.
Ferri Hydriodas, F. lodidum — f. Ilydro-
cyanas, Prussian blue — f, Ilyperearburetum,
Graphites.
Ferri Io'didum, F. lodure'tum, Ferrum iodn'-
tum, Iodide, or lodnret of Iron, fF.) lodure de
fer ; in solution, Hydri'odafe of Iron, Ferri hy-
dri'odan. Ferrum hydrioda'tum, (F.) Hydriodaie
de fer, [lodin. ^^ij, Ferri ramenf. '^j, Aq. deilillal.
Oiss.) Mix the iodine with a pint of the di.-^tilk- 1
water, in a porcelain or glass ve.«sel, and gradu-
ally add the iron filings, stirring constantly.
Heat the mixture gently until the liqui<l acquires
a light greenish colour; then filter; and, after tic
liquid has passed, pour upon the filter lialf a pii:t
of the distilled water, boiling hot. When this
has passed, evaporate the filtered liquor, at a
temperature not exceeding 212°, in an iron ves-
sel, to dryness; keep the dry iodide in a closely
stopped bottle. (Ph. U. S.) Dose, gr. iij to gr,
X or more.
Ferri Iohuretum. F. lodidura.
Ferri Lactas, Ferrum lac'ticum. Lactate of
Iron, L. of Protox'ide of Iron, (F.) Lactate de
Fer. Prepared by digesting in a sand-bath, at ;l
low temperature, diluted lactic acid with iron
filings. It is employed in the same cases as the
precipitated subcarbonate of iron, and especially
in chlorosis. Twelve grains of the lactate may
be given in the 21 hours, in the form of lozenges.
Ferri Limatu'ra Purifica'ta, Pu'rified Iron
FHingn : — purified by means of the magnet, for
internal use. The filings are, also, called Ferri
Scohn, F. llamen'ln et Fila, Martis Limatu'ra,
Spec' uhim lu'dicum, Ferri in j>nl' verem reKoln'tin,
(F.) Limnille de Fer. They are considered t)
possess the general properties of iron : — the iron
becoming oxidized.
Ferri et Magne'si.e Citras, Citrate of iron,
and maefuc'nia, is prepared by dissolving hydra-
ted oxide of iron in a solution of citric acid, satu-
rated with carbonate of mai/nesia, and evapora-
ting to dryness. It is soluble in water, and does
not constipate. Dose, from four grains to fifteen,
in solution.
Ferri Nitras, see Liquor Ferri nitratis — f.
Nitratis Liquor, see Liquor Ferri nitratis — f. Ox-
idum Fuscum, F. subearbonas— f. Oxidum hydra-
tum, Ferrum oxydatum hydratum — f. Oxidum
Magneticum, Oxydum Ferri nigrum — f. Oxidum
Nigrum, Oxydum Ferri nigrum — f. Oxiduin ru-
brum, Colcothar, Ferri subearbonas — f. Oxidum
hydratum, Ferrum oxydum hydratum — f. Per-
cyanidum, Prussian blue — f. Peroxydum hydra-
tum, Ferrum oxydatum hydratum — f. Perses-
quinitras, see Liquor Ferri nitratis.
Ferri PhOSPHAS, Phosphate of Iron. {Ferri
Sulphat. ^v, Sodcp Phosphat. ^^vi, Aqua;, cong.
Dissolve the sulphate of iron and phosphate of
soda, severally, in four pints of the water; then
mix the solutions, and set the mixture by, thai;
the powder may subside ; lastly, having poured
off the supernatant liquor, wash the phosphate
FERRI riLA
8 80
FERRUM
of iron with water, and dry it with a {jentle heat.
— Ph. U. S.) Dose, 5 to 10 grains as a chaly-
beate. Rnrely used.
Fkrri PiLA, F. liinatiira — f. et Potassaa tartras.
Ferruiu turtarizatum — f. Potassio-citras, sec Ferri
aiumonio-citras — f. Potassio-tartras, Ferruui tar-
tarizatuui.
FuuRI Protooar'bonaS, Protncar'honnte of
Iron, (F.) Vurboniite de Fer. The protcicarbo-
nate of iron, thrown down from a solution of the
sulphate of iron by the carbonate of soda, readily
attracts oxygen and becomes converted into the
sesqiiioxide. To prevent this, it may be asso-
ciated with honey and sugar, and the mixture be
reduced by evaporation to a pilular consistence.
The muss constitutes the Ferrn'ginous Pills, Pi-'
lii!efi/erri(f/ineuses, of Vallct, Vollet's Pith. See
Piluhv; Ferri Carbonatis. The Edinburgh Phar-
niiicopoeia contains the Ferri C<ir'b'»i(is Sncclia-
7-n'tiiiii, Ferri Car'boniin cum Sac'cliaro, Sae'cha-
riiie Car'hnuate of Iron, prepared in this manner.
It is the Ferrum Carbon'icum Succharatum of
Klaucr.
The protocarbonate is given in the same dis-
eases as the lactate of iron ; ten or fifteen grains
in the course of the twenty-four hours.
Ferri Protosulphas Viuidis, F. Sulphas — f.
Prussias, Prussian blue.
Fkrri Pulvis, Fer rhhtit, F. rednit par I'hij-
drogeiie, Ferrum metal'licuiH, Powder of irou,
lledu'ced Iron, Qnevennc's Iron, prepared by pass-
ing a stream oi hydrogen gnu over the eenquioxide
of iron, contained in an iron or poroohiin tube
heated to low redness. It is very liable to bo-
come oxidated, and must be kept in a dry, well-
stopped bottle. It has been prescribed in anse-
inic, and especially in chlorotic cases. The ordi-
nary dose is three to six grains, or more, three
times a day, in pill made with sugar and gum.
A formula for its preparation is given in the last
edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the United States
(1851).
Feisri et Qui'ni* CitrAS, Ferrum et Chini'num
cit'ricHin, Citriite of Iron and Qiii'nia, formed by
the union of four parts of citrate tf iron and one
part of citrate of quinia, has been prescribed in
cases where a combination of these tonics is indi-
cated.
Ferri Ramenta, F. limatura — f. Rubigo, F.
Subcarbonas — f. Scobs, F. limatura — f. Sesqui-
chloridura, Ferri chloridum — f. Sesquioxidum, F.
subcarbonas praecipitatus.
Ferri Sesquinitratis, Liquor, see Tinctura
Ferri muriatis — f. Sodio-tartras, see Ferri et am-
monio-eitras.
Ferri Subcau'bonas, F. Car'bonne, F. Ruli'go,
Ferrum prcfcipita'tum, Chal'ybis Kubi'go jjratpa-
ra'ta. (The last two terms, as well as Ferru'go,
are applied to the subcarbonate or rust, ^Eru'go
Ferri, Cacaferri, formed by the action of moist
air on metallic iron.) A protoxide of iron, oxi-
dizeil by tiie decomposition of water: the carbonic
acid being attracted from the air. Dose, gr. v to
^fs and more.
Ferri Subcarboncts may be precipitated from
sulphate of iron by carbonate of soda. The fol-
lowing is the formula of the Pharmacopoeia of the
United States: — Ferri sulph. ^vu) : aodcB carh.
^^ix; <ii/u(B bullieut. cong. Dissolve the sulphate
of iron and carbonate of soda severallj' in four
pints of the water, then mix the solutions, and,
having stirred the mixture, set it by that the
powder may suiiside : having poured off the
liquor, wash the subcarbonate with hot water,
wriip it in bibulous paper, and dry with a gentle
heat. It is, also, called Ferri nesquio.r'idnm,
Ox'idum ferri fuscum, 0. ferri ruhrnni, Deuto-
cur'bonus Ferri fuscun, Crocus martia ape'riens,
! ScHquioxidc or peroxide of iron, (F.) Peroxide de
fer. Snfrau de Marx a/ifrilif.
Fkrri Stlphas, Sal Martis, Vitrio'Ium Marlia
seu Ferri, Ferrum Vitriola'tum, SulphaH scu Pro-
toeuljihas Ferri vir'idia, Vidcad'inum, Cal'catar,
Cal'cotar, Chah(tn'thum, Calcite'a, Atranicii'tuin
unto' rium, Vit'riol, Vitrio'ium viriile, Au'iuia
Ilep'atin, Sulpliale of Iron, Green Vitriol, Cop-
peran, (F. ) Sulfate de fer. The Pharmacopa'ia
of the United States directs it to he made by the
action of aulpliuric acid ^wW'}, on iron tnire. cut
in pieces, ^■'''J — water, w gallon — evaporating,
crystallizing, and drying the crystals on bibulous
paper. This salt is inodorous, and of a strong
styptic taste. The crystals are light green, trans-
parent, rhomboidal ; and soluble in two puns of
water. It is tonic and anthelmintic. Dose, gr.
j. to vj and more.
Ferri Sltli>iias Calcinatijm, Colcothar.
Ferri Sum'has Exsicca'tum, Ferri Snlpluin
sicca'tum, of the Phiirmacopoeias, is Sulphate if
Iron exposed to a moderate hent, until it is capa-
ble of being reduced to powder. In this f'orni it
can be made into pills. Three grains may be
esteemed equivalent to five of the crystallized
salt.
Frrri Sulphure'tum, Sul'phuret of Iron, Iron
pyri'tea, (F.) Sulfure defer; maybe made by
heating one part of sublimed mdjihur. over three
parts of iron filing>> in a crucible until the mass
begins to glow. It is employed as a ready means
for obtaining hydrosulphuric acid gas bj' the ad-
dition of sulphuric or chlorohydric acid.
Ferri Tannas, Ferrum tan'nicum. Tannnte of
Iron, (F.) Tanuate de fer. This salt is usiialiy
obtained by adding a solution of a salt of seaqui-
oxide of iron, as the persulphate, to a decoction
of nut-galls. It is possessed of tonic and. astrin-
gent properties, and has been extolled, especially
in chlorosis.
Ferri Tartatium, Ferrum tartarizatum — f.
Tritoxydum, Colcothar.
Ferri Valeria'nas, Ferrum Valeria')ticu>n,
Vale'rianatc of Iron, (F.) Valcriauate de fer.
Formed by the action of valerianic acid on oj:idc
of iron. It is a dark brick-red powder, insoluble
in water, and has been given in hysteria compli-
cating chlorosis. Dose, from two to four jzrains.
The I)ul)lin Pharmacopoeia of 1860 has a formula
for this salt.
FERRICUS HYDRAS, Ferrum ojcydum by-
dralnm.
F E R R 0-MAN'GANIC, Ferm-mangan'icuH.
Composed of iron and manganese — as a "ferro-
manganic preparation."
FERRUGIXEOUS, Chalybeate.
FKRRUGINOUS, Chalybeate.
FEKRUGO, Ferri subcarbonas, Ferrum oxy
datum hydratum.
FERRUjM, Mara, Side'roa, Metal'lum hmniato-
poet'icum. Iron, (F.) Fer. A metal of a bluish-
gray colour; fibrous texture; brilliant and fine-
grained fracture. Specific gravity 7'600 to 7'ftOO;
hard, ductile, malleable, and magnetic. The me-
dicinal virtues of iron are tonic ; producing fetid
eructations, when it takes effect, owing to its
meeting with acid in the stomach, which (jxidizcs
it, and causes the evolution of hydrogen gus.
When given in the metallic state, the filings are
chiefly used; but the oxides and salts are most
cominonlj' employed.
Ferrum Am.moniacai.e, F. ammoniatura — f.
Aminoniaco-citricum, Ferri ammonio-citriis.
Ferrum Ammoxia'tum, F. ammoniacn'le. Mu -
riaa Ammo'nicp, et Ferri, Ferri nmmo'nio-chlo ri-
dum, Florea martia'lea seu aalia ammnni'aci mar-
tia'/ea, Ena ynartia seu Ven'eria Boy'lei, Sal
mnrtia murint' icum anblimn'tnm, S. ammoni'ncum
martia'le, Ammo'nium muriat'icum martia tuin
FERRUM
387
FEVER
pen mnrlin'le, Ammoni' nr.um hi/rlrochlora'lum fcr-
rn'tiiin, Aroph Paracel'ai, Calen'ditlcB miiiera'lea,
A III ino' mated Iron, Ammo'nio-chloride v/ Iron,
(F.) Muriate d'ammoninque et defer. A mixture
of the hydro-chlorates of ammonia and iron. [?]
{Ferri Subearb. ^^iij ; acid miiriat. f.^x; amnion,
miirlat. ftijss; aq. dentillat. Oiv. Mix the sub-
r;krl>onate with the acid in a glass vessel and
di'^est for two hours; then add the muriate pre-
viously dissolved in distilled water, and having
filtered the liquor, evaporate to dryness. Rub to
powder. — Ph. U. S.) Dose, gr. iij. to gr. xr.
FuttKtiM AitSKNiATUM, Arscniate of iron — f.
Arsenicicum oxydulatura, Arscniate of iron — f.
I5orussicura, Prussian blue — f. Bromatum, see
Bromine — f. Carbonicum Saccharatum, Ferri
protocarbonas — • f . et Chininum citricum, Ferri
citras — f. Citricum, Ferri citras — f. Cyanogena-
tuin, Prussian blue — f. Haematites, Haematites —
f. Hydriodatum, see Ferri iodidum — f. Hydro-
bromicum oxydatura, see Bromine — f. Laeticum,
Bce Ferri lactas — f. Magnes attractorium. Magnet
— f. Mctallicum, Ferri pulvis.
FKiinuAf Oxyda'tum Hydra'tum, Ferri 0.ri-
ditin Hijdra'tum (Ph. U. S.) seu Perox'ydiim Hy-
drn'tiim, Ferrii'go, Hydras Fer'ricits, Hydro-oxide
of Iron, Hydra'ted peroxide of Iron, Ilydnited
Tritoxide of Iron. It may be prepared ))y taking
a solution of sulphate of iron, increa.sing its dose
of oxygen by heating it with nitric arid, an(i pre-
cipitating the oxi<le by adding pure ammonia in
excess, washing the precipitate, and keeping it
moist.
The following is the formula adopted by the
Pharmacopoeia of the United States: Ferri Sulph.
j^iv: acid, unlphiiric. f^^iiiss; acid, nitric, f f^v\,
vel q. s., Liq ammonia; q. s., aqncB Oij. Dissolve
the sulphate of iron in the water, and having
(iilded the sulphuric acid boil the solution : then
add the nitric acid in small portions, boiling the
liquid for a minute or two after each addition,
until the acid ceases to produce a dark colour.
Filter the liquid, allow it to cool, and add the
liquor ammonia) in excess, stirring the mixture
briskly; wash the precipitiite with water, until
the washings cease to yield a precipitate with
chloride of barium, and keep it close in bottles
with water sulBcient to cover it.
It hiis been brought forward as an antidote to
arsenic ; and many cases of its efficacy have been
published.
From 10 to 20 parts of the hydrated oxide
Would seem to be more than sufficient to convert
1 pnrtof arsenious acid into the basic salt of iron.
Fkrtium OxYDULATUsr Hydrocyamcum. Prus-
si.in blue — f. Potabile, F. tartarizatum — f. Praeci-
pitatum, Ferri subcarbonas.
Fkhrum TANNicu>f, Ferri tannas.
Fkrruh Tartariza'titm, Tartran Potan'ii(B et
Ffrri, Tar'tariim Ferri, Ferri et Potasscp. Tartran,
(I'h. U. S.) Titr'tarnn chalyhea'tun seu martia'lis,
Miim solu'biliH, Chalyba tartariza'tun, Ferri po-
tdKs'io-tartras, Tnrtras kal'ico-fer'ricns sen Po-
tan'iKB fcrrngino'Kiis, Ferrttm potab'ile, Globus
iiirirlin'lin. (ilob'uli Tar'tnri martia'le.s seu mar-
Iki'Iph mdn'ti seu mnrtin'ti seu tartra'tin ferri et
iixiv'kp, Boli J/(ifr/i'«, Pyri niartia'les. Tartarized
Iron, Tartrate of Potansa and Iron, (F.) Tartrate
de pntame et defer, Boule de Mam ou de Nancy
on de }fidihe!m ou d' Acier. (Ferri subearb. 5 iij,
-1'"/. ninriat. f'x; Liquor PotasscF, Ovss ;
Potass. Ritart. _^vijss. Aqua! desti/lat. cong. iss.
^fix the subcarbonate of iron and the muriatic
acid, and digest for two hours; pour the solution \\
into a gallon of the distilled water; set aside for I
nn hour, and pour off the supernatant liquor, j
To th's add the liquor potassic ; wash the precij)!- |l
tate formed frequently with water, and wliile yet ll
Woist, mix it with the bitartrate of potassa and |!
half a gallon of the distilled water. Keep the
mixture at the temperature of 140"^ for 30 hours,
frequently stirring; filter the solution, and evapo-
rate by means of a water bath, at the same tem-
perature, to dryness.— (Ph. U. S.) It is one of
the mildest of the salts of iron, and not unpala-
table. Dose, gr. x. to l^ss-
The Tinctn'ra Martis Aperiti'va, Tincture of
Lndwiq ; Al'cohol cum Snlpha'te Ferri tartarisa'-
tus ; Tinctura Martis Glauberi is, essentially, a
solution of this salt. It is also called Eau de
Boule, and is used in contusions.
Ilelvetius's Styptic was composed of ihe filings
of iron, and tartar, mixed to a proper consistence
with French brandy. It was called in England
Eaton's Styptic; but this is now formed of »S'ii^-
p>hate of Iron.
Fkurum Valerianicum, Ferri valerianas — f.
Vitriolatum, Ferri sulphas — f. Vitriolatum ustum,
Coleothar — f. Zootieum, Prussian blue.
FKRSJ5, Rubeola.
FERTILITY, Fecundity.
FER'ULA, Fanon, PaU'tte. Splint— f. Afrieana,
Bubon galbanum — f. Asafoetida. see Asiifcetida —
f. Graveolens, Anethum graveolens — f. Opopo-
nax, Pastiuaca opoponax — f. Persica, see Saga-
penuin — f. Tinsitana, see Ammoniac; gum.
FERUS, Homicidal.
FESISIAN, Physician.
FESSES, Nates.
FESSIRR, Gluteal—/. Grand, Gluteus maxi-
mus — /. .Moyen, Glutaeus medius — /". Petit, Glu-
taeus minimus.
FEiSTER. A word of unknown etymology,
which signifies to corrupt or rankle; and, wlien
applied to a sore, means to suppurate, or rather
to discharge a thin fluid as an evidence of its
being irritated.
FETID, Fop'tidns, Dyso'des, Caco'des, Bromo'-
sus, Grav'eoleiis. Having a bad smell.
FETUS, Foetus, Pregnant.
FEU ACTUEL. Cauterium— /. Persiyue, Her-
pes zoster, see Anthrax—/. Potential, see Caute-
rium—/. Sacre, Erysipelas—/. St. Antoine, Ery-
sipelas—/. Sanvaye, Ignis sylvaticus — /. Volage,
Ignis sylvaticus.
FEUILLET, Omasum; see Tache emhryon-
naire.
FEUX DE DENTS, Strophulus—/. Yolages,
Porrigo larvalis.
FEVE, Vicia iaha.—f. de Carthagene. Habilla
de Carthagena — /. d Cochon, Hyoscyamus — /•
Epaisse, Sedum telephium — /. des Marais, Vicia
faba — /. de Sainte Ignace, Ignatia amara — /.
Pui-f/atif, Ricinus communis.
FEVER, Febris, from feritas, 'wildness,' or
from ferror, ' heat,' or from fvbriio, ' I purify :'
Pyr, Pyr'etos, Trvperot:, (F.) Flevre. One of the
most frequent and dangerous affections to which
the body is liable. A person has an attack of
fever, when he is affeeted with rigors, followed by
increased heat of skin, quick pulse, languor, and
lassitude. Rigors, increased heat, and frequency
of pulse have each been assumed as the essential
character of fever. It is not characterized, how-
ever, by any one, but depends upon the coexist-
ence of many symptoms. Fevers have been usu-
ally divided into idiopathic or essential, and into
symptomatic. The idiopathic arise without any
obvious local cause. The symptomatic are de-
pendent upon local irritation. Idiopathic fevers
maj' be divided into three classes: 1. Those at-
tended with distinct paroxysms: — intermittents.
2. Remittent and continued fevers : and, .3. Fevers
complicated with eruptions, or the exanthema-
tous. These divisions admit of great variety,
owing to climate, season, soil, age, &c. All ages
and climates are liable to fever; and its exciting
FEVER
388
FEVER
onuses are very numerous. The?e onuses may be
common ; as irritations in the intestines; external
injuries, stimulants, .fee.; or they may be ipeci'Jic ;
AS miasmata, contagion, &e. The greatest diver-
sity has prevailed regarding the theory of fever.
Its primary seat has been placed in the brain,
mucous memlirane of the stomach and intestines,
skin, nerves, blood-vessels, liver, vena cava, pan-
creas. &o. It would seem, however, that al-
though, in fever, the whole of the functions are
morbidly impressed, the arguments in favour of
the impression being first made on the nervous
system and the system of nutrition are the
strongest. The exciting cause of fever, whatever
it may be, produces an irregular action in the
system of nutrition, which is soon conveyed to the
rest of the system, owing to the extensive sym-
pathy which exists between every part of the
body ; and it is probable, that all those local in-
flammations and congestions are the consequence,
rather than the cause, of this disordered condi-
tion of the system. The general character of
fever is clearly shown by examination of the
blood. When fever is devoid of inflammatory
complication, the quantity of fibrin is in no case
augmented. It frequently remains in the healthy
proportion, and at times diminishes to an extent
not met with in any other acute disease. The
alteration of the blood in fevers, which consists
generally in a diminution of the fibrinous element,
is the reverse of what occurs in inflammation.
Many phenomena of fever are influenced by
that pen'oi/iciti/, wliich we notice in the execution
of several of the functions of the body. The
types of intermittents are strong evidences of
such an influence.
In tlie treatment of fever, it is important to bear
in mind, 1. Its tendency, particularly in the case
of the exanthemata, to run a definite course, and
terminate in restoration to health. 2. The dispo-
sition to local determination or hyperaemiae : —
the most frequent cause of the fatal termination
of fever; a circumstance requiring the vigilant
nttention of the physician. 3. That the symp-
toms must be attentively studied, in order to de-
duce, as far as possible from them, the indications
of cure. Lastly, attention must be paid to the
prevalent epidemic. There are particular seasons
in which fevers are very malignant; and others
in which they are as mild ; circumstances which
necessarily have an effect upon the treatment.
Fevek and Ague, Intermittent Fever — f. Ac-
climating, F. strangers.'
Fevkr, Ade'no-Meningr'al, Fehris ade'ito-
menimje'a seu mesenter'ica (Baglivi, )seu inuco'sa,
MorhuK mnco'sns, Gastro-diindenop'i/ra, Mucous
or Pitu'ltous or Catar'rhal Fever, PJilegmap'yra,
Phler/mop'i/ra, Phlegmntop'yra, Gastro-Bronchi'-
tis. Fever, accompanied with considerable mu-
cous secretion ; especially from the digestive
tube.
Fever, Adeno-Nervous, Plague.
Fever, AnvNAHi'ic, Fehris adynnm'icn, Asihe-
i}icnp't/ra, Astkenicopi/r'efiis, Asthenop'ora, Asthe-
iiopyr'etiin. Fever attended with great prostra-
tion of the vital powers — as Typhoid and Typhus
fever.
Fever, Af'rican, Fehris Africa'nn. The ma-
lignant bilious remittent fever, which prevails on
the western coast of Africa,
Fever, Algid, see Algidus.
Fever, Axom'alous, Fehris Anom'nla seu er-
rat'icn seu irregnla'ris seu vnga. A fever, whose
progress and type are irregular.
Fever, Aphon'ic, Fehris apho'nien. A variety
of intermittent, in which the voice is lost during
the paroxysm.
Fever, .^POPT.ec'tic, Fehris apnplec'tiea seu
comato'des seu lelhar'gica seu sojjoro'ea, Com'a-
tose Fever. An intermittent or continued fevcn
attended with apoplectic symptoms.
Fever, Artncui.AR Eruptive, Dengue — f. Ar-
ticular rheumatic, Dengue.
Fever, Artific"iai., Fehris artijicia'lis seu
arte promo'ta. Fever produced designedly by
the internal or external use of stimulants.
Fever, Astiien'ic, Fehris asthen'iea. Fever
accompanied with debility. It may include every
variety of fever under certain circumstances, but
is generally appropriated to typhus.
Fever, Asthmat'ic, Fehris asthmnt'lcn. A
pernicious intermittent, accompanied with symp-
toms of asthtna.
Fever, Ataxo-ADYNAM'ic, Fehris atax'o-ady.
nnm'ica. Fever characterized by syniptoms of
ataxia and adynamia.
Fever, Barcelona, Fever, yellow — f. Bas-
tard, Illegitimate fever.
Fever, Bil'ious, Fehris hilio'sa seu pnlychol'.
icn sou aso'des seu choler'ica seu gas'trica seu
hepnt'ica seu cholepyret'ien, Cholep'yra, Clio.
l/pyr'etKS, Hepotngnxtroeholo'sis, Enterop'yrii
hilio'sa, Choloze'mifi fehri'lis, Syn'ochtis hilio'nii.
The common remittent fever of summer and
autumn ; generally supposed to be owing to, or
connected with, derangement of the biliary system.
Fever, Bilious Remitting, Yellow, Fever,
yellow — f. Bladdery, Pemphigus.
Fevei{ Blister. A term, vaguely applied to
vesicular or pustular eruptions, which appear
particularly about the mouth, during or after
febrile disturbance.
Fever, Boa Vista. A malignant bilious re-
mittent fever, greatly resembling yellow fever,
which was very fatal at Fernando Po, and in
ships in its waters, in the year 184.5.
Fever, Bona. A malignant paludal fever,
which prevailed amongst the troops of the garri-
son at Bona in Algeria, from 18.S2 to 18.35.
Fever, Bone, see Inflammation — f. Bouquet,
Dengue — f. Brain, F. cerebral, Phrenitis — f.
Brain, water, Hj'droccphalus internus- — f. Break-
bone, Dengue — f. Bucket, Dengue — f. Bulam,
Fever, yellow — f. Camp, Typhus gravior.
Fever, Cardial'gic, Fehris Ciirdiiil'gir.a, A
variety of pernicious intermittent, accon)panied
with violent cardialgia during the paroxysm.
Fever, Cardit'ic. Intermittent fever, accom-
panied with pain at the heart.
Fever, Catarrhal, F. adeno-meningeal.
Fever, Cephalal'gic, Fehris cepliolcd'gien.
A pernicious intermittent, accompanied with in-
tense pain of the head. Also, intermittent ce-
phalalgia.
Fever, Cephae'ic, Fehris cephrd'icn. A fe-
brile afi'ection of children — intermediate between
the acute form of active cerebral conge.'tion and
the chronic form — which is attended by fever,
pain in the head, disorder, or more generally
constipation of the bowels, and a train of pheno-
mena often supposed to be premonitory of an at-
tack of hydrocephalus. — Mauthner.
Fever, Cer'ebral, Brain fever. Fever, gene-
rally of an ataxic character, in which the brain is
considerably afl'ected.
Fever, Chagres, Panama' Fever. A severe
form of endemic fever, common on the isthmus
of Panama.
Fever, Childbed, Fever, puerperal, Puerperal
Fever — f. Childbed, Low, see Peritonitis.
Fever, Chol'eric, Fehris choler'ica, A va-
riety of pernicious intermittent, accompanied with
symptoms of cholera morbus.
Fever, Choleric, op Infant.s, Cholera in-
fantum.
Fever, Chronic, Fehris chron'icn. Some au-
thors apply this name to protracted fevers; others
to hectic fever.
FEVER
389
FEVER
Frver, Colliq'uativr, Fehrin tdh'ida seu colli-
niiiiii'vd. Fever, characterized by rapid ema-
cinUun, copious evacuations, and rapid prostra-
tiiin of strength.
Fkver, Comatose, F. apoplectic.
Fevkh, Conoks'tive, Febris coiit/esti'va. Fe-
ver accompanied by obscure symptoms ; or by
preat oppression and depression ; in which it is
difficult — and often impossible — to induce reac-
tion. Congestive fevers occurs in various parts
of this country, especially in the fall ; and they
nre very common in India. The term congestive
fever is often used in some parts of the south of
the United States very indefinitely — to include
winter typhus, and typhoid fevers, typhoid pneu-
monia, ae well as intermittents and autumnal re-
mittents.— Dickson.
Fkvkr, Continent, see Continent and Con-
tinued fever — f. Continual, see Continued fever
— f. Continued, common, Synochus.
Fevkh, Convul'sive, Febris convulsi'va. A
pernicious intermitteut or remittent, accompanied
by convulsions.
Fevkii, Countrv. Fever occasioned by ex-
posure to the miasms of a highly malarious soil.
A term much used in the Soutliern States.
Fever, Deur'ious, Febris cum dellr'io, (F.)
Fievre tUlirautc. A pernicious intermittent, cha-
racterized by delirium in the paroxysms.
Fever, Dei>'ukatorv, Febris depuralo'rin.
A fever, to which was attributed the property of
jnirifying the blood: or which indicated, that
such a supposed depuration had occurred.
Fever, Diaphoret'ic, Febris dinphoret'ica,
Fehris sudiito'ria. A pernicious intermittent,
with excessive sweating during the fit.
Fever, Diarv, Ei)hemera.
Fever, Dioes'tivr. The chilliness, followed
by increased heat and quickness of pulse, which
frequently accompanies digestion.
Fever, Double, (F.) Fievre double ou doublee.
An intermittent, which has two paroxysms in a
given time, instead of one.
Fever, Double-Quartan. A fever, whose
paroxysms occur two days in succession, and fail
llie third day; the first paroxysm resembling the
•1th, and the second the 5th.
Fever, Double-Quotidian. An intermittent,
whoso paroxysms return twice every day at cor-
responding hours.
Fever, Double-Tertian. An intermittent,
whose paroxysms return every day ; the first
corresponding with the 3d, the second with the
4th. and so on.
Fever, Duoi)EC"imane, Febris duodecimn'na.
A supposititious intermittent, whose paroxysms
recur on the 12th day, or every 11 days.
Fever, Dvnamic, Synocha — f. Enderaial, Re-
mittent F. — f. Endemic, Remittent F. — f. En-
demieal, Remittent F. — f. Enteric, see Typhus —
f. Ephemeral, Ephemera.
Fever, Ecilep'tic, Febris epilej)'ticn. A va-
riety of pernicious intermittent, accompanied
with attacks of epilepsy.
Fever, Erot'ic, Febris erot'icn, (P.) Filvre
d'luiioiir. A chronic fever, occasioned by unpro-
pitious love.
Fever, Errat'ic, see Erratic — f. Eruptive,
Exanthemntica — f. Eruptive, articular, Dengue
— f. Exacerbating, Remittent Fever.
Fever, Fainting, or Persia. A singular and
fatal epidemic, presenting some points of analogy
with cholera, which prevailed at Teheran in the
autumn of 1S42.
Fever, Five Day, see Relapse.
,Fever, (jAN'grenous, Febris gangroiuo'des.
Fever, accompanied by gangrene of various parts,
and especially of the limbs and genitals. Scnac
describes an iutermittent of this kind.
Fever, Gastral'gic. An intermittent accom-
panied with acute burning lacerating pain at the
stomach.
Feveu, Gastric, Febris gas'trira seu gna'-
trica hilio'sa, Gastrop' yra , Gastropyr'etiis, Gaa-
trocholn'sis, Hepntognstrocholo' sis, Stomneh'ic fe-
ver, Si/n'ochiis Biliu'sa. A name given by some
to bilious fever, which has appeared to them to
be dependent on an affection of the stomach.
Also, called Menin' go-gastric fever, Febris me-
iiiiigo-gas'trica, Meiiiiigo-gastri'tis, Gastro-nie-
tiinyi'tis, Harvest fever, (F.) Fievre de la Jluis-
sou, F. 3feiiingo-gastrique,
Fever, GASTito-ADYNASi'ic, Febris gastro-
adynnm'ica. A fever, in which the .symptoms
of bilious fever are joined with those of adynamic
fever.
Fever, Gastro-Angiotrn'ic. A fever, in
which the symptoms of bilious are united with,
those of inflammatory fever.
Fever, Gastro-Atax'ic. A fever, in which
the symptoms of bilious fever are united with
those of ataxic fever.
Fever, Gibraltar, Fever, yellow — f. Harvest,
F. Gastric — f. Ilamagastric, F. yellow.
Fever, ILemop'toic, Febris Hcemoptn'icn. A
variety of masked intermittent, in which periodi-
cal ha3moptysis is the chief symptom.
Fever, IIav, Cutnrr'hus asfi'viis. Summer Ca-
tarrh, Hmj Asthma, Hose Catarrh, Summer Bron-
chi'tis. A catarrh to which certain persons are
subject in summer, and which has been ascribed
in England to the efiluvium of hay, but this is
not the probable cause. It is a catarrh with
sneezing, headach, weeping, snuftling and cough,
with, at times, fever and general discomfort. It
is not uncommon in this country. It disappears
spontaneously, — to recur on subsequent years
about the same period.
Fever, Hebdom'apal. A supposititious fever,
whose paroxysms return weekly, and on the same
day.
Fever, Hectic, see Consumption, and Hectic
Fever.
Fever, Hepat'ic or Hepatal'gic. A perni-
cious intermittent, with violent pain in the right
hypochondrium.
Fever, Hill. A modification of remittent,
occurring in the hilly districts of India.
Fever, Hospital, Typhus gravior.
Fever, Hu'moral, Febris humora'lis. Fever
in which an alteration or deterioration of the hu-
mours is suspected.
Fever, Hun'gARV, Febris ffungar'icasen Pan-
iloii'ica, Lues Piiuuo'uicB, Morbus Uiigar'icits,
Cephalon'osus, Vermis cer'ebri, (F.) Fievre Hon-
groise ou de Hongrie. An epidemic typhus, com-
mon amongst the soldiers in barracks, in Hungary.
Feveu, Hydrophob'ic, Febris hi/drophob'ica.
Pernicious intermittent, with dread of li(iui<is.
Fever, Hyster'ic, Febris hi/yfer'ica. Hyste-
ria, accompanied by fever. Hysteria, occurring
with each paroyxsm of an intermittent.
Fever, Icter'ic, Febris icter'ica. Fever, ac-
companied with jaundice. Some intermittents
exhibit this complication at each paroxysm.
Fever, Icteric, Remitting, see Relapse.
Fever, I.n'fantile Remit'tent, Febris infnii'-
turn remit'lens, F. vermino'sa, (of many), F. muco'-
sa iwrmitio'sa, F. lenta. Spurious worm ferer, Re-
mitting fever of children, Hec'tiea iufaut'ilis. A
fever occurring in childhood, which often assumes
many of the characters of hydrocephalus. It ap-
pears generally to be dependent upon a morbid
condition of the stomach and bowels.
Fever, Inflamsiatorv, Synocha.
Fever, Ixsid'ious. Fever, which, at first,
seems devoid of danger, but subsequently becomes
of a more or less malignant character.
FEVER
390
FEVER
Frver, Interjiittent, see Intermittent fever ||
• — f. Jail, Typhus gravior — f. Jungle, see Jungle
fever.
Fever, Lake. Fever produced by exposure
to the uiiihiria in the neighbourhood of the
northern lakes of this country.
Fever, Lenticular, Miliary fever — f. Irrita-
tive, Irritation, morbid.
Fever, Lo'chial. Fehria lochia'Us. That ac-
celeration of the circulation which sometimes
occurs during the discharge of the lochia.
Fevek, Lung, Catarrh, Pneumonia.
Fever, Malig'xant, Febrin mtdiij'na. Fever
•whicii makes its approaches insidiously, and sub-
sequently becomes formidable. Any fever which
exhibits a very dangerous aspect. Typhus gra-
vior.
Fever, Malig'nant Pestilential, Fever, yel-
low—f. Marsh, Elodes (febris.)
Fever, Masked, Fehris larva'ta, (F.) Fievre
lari-ee, Bead or Dumb Ague. An anomalous in-
termittent, the paroxysms of which have not the
regular stages, or are mnaued.
Fever, Meningo-gasthk;, Fever gastric.
Fever, Mesextek'ic, Fehris meseiiler'ica. A
name given, by Baglivi, to a species of fever which
appears to have belonged either to the nntcous or
bilious.
Fever, Milk, Febris lac' tea, (F.) Fievre de
lait ou laiteuse ou laclee ; G alactop' y ra , Galac-
topyr'etiis. The fever which precedes or accom-
panies the secretion of milk in women recently
delivered. It comes on generally about the third
day after delivery, and is characterized by quick
jiulse; increased heat: redness of face; diminu-
tion or temporary suspension of the lochial dis-
charge ; tumefaction and tension of the breasts.
It commonly terminates in twenty-four hours,
. and often with profuse perspiration. It requires
the use of antiphlogistics, with dry diet.
Fever, Mixed, Synochus — f. Mucous, F. ade-
no-meningeal.
Fever, Nephrit'ic, Febris nephrit'ica. Inter-
mittent fever, accompanied with nephritic pain
during the paroxysm.
Fever, Nervous, Febris nervo'sa seu neuro'-
des seu leiita nervo'so, Neurop'yra, JVeuroj)i/r'-
etus. A variety of Typhus; the Typhus mitior
of Cullen. By many, however, it is esteemed a
distinct disease. See Typhoid fever.
Fever, Nervous, with Exanthematous
Eruption, Typhus.
Fever, Neuralgic, Dengue.
Fever, Niger. A malignant fever, of the
bilious remittent kind, which proved fatal to
many in the expeditions sent out by the British
government to explore the Niger, in the years
18 i 1-42, and previously.
Fever, Non'ase, Febris nona'na. A supposi-
titious fever, whose paroxysms recur every ninth
day, or every eight days.
Fever, Oc'tane, Febris ocfa'iia. An intermit-
tent, whose paroxysms recur every eighth day.
Fever, Paludal. Intermittent — f. Panama,
Fever, Cluagres — f. Paroxysmal, Remittent fever
— f. Periodic, Intermittent.
Fever, Period'ical, Febris period'ica. An
intermittent or remittent fever.
Fever, Per.vic"u)US, Febris pernicio'sa. In-
termittent fever, when attended with great dan-
ger, and which destroys the majority of those
afiFected by it in the first four or five paroyxsms;
sometimes in the very first.
Fever, Pestilen'tial, Febris pestileutia'lis.
The Flnijue. Also a severe case of typhus. The
yellow fever and sweating sickness have, like-
wise, been thus designated.
Fever, Pestilential, of Cattle, Murr — f.
Pituitous, F. adeno-meningeal.
Fever, Pleitrit'ic. An intermittent or re-
mittent, uccompiuiied with inflammation of the
pleura.
Fever, Pneumon'ic, Febris pueumon'ira. An
intermittent, accompanied with indamniation of
the lungs. Also, pneumonia.
Fever Poison, see Poison — f. Pseudo, Lrita-
tion, morbid.
Fever, V vf.w' pv.v.&.lj,Fehris puerpera' 1 is.Chitd-
bed fever, (F.) Fievre puerperale. This name'
has been given to several acute diseases, su-
pervening on delivery. It means, generally, ii
malignant variety of peritonitis, which runs its
course verj' rapidly, and passes into a typhoid
condition, unless met, at the very onset, by the
most active depleting measures. By llie gene-
rality of ])ractitioners, it is esteemed to be emi-
nently contagious; some, however, deny that it
is so. See Peritonitis, and Puerperal fever.
Fever, Puerperal Adynamic or Malignant,
see Peritonitis — f. Puking, Milk sickness.
Fever, Fv'rvi.kst, Febris purulen'ta. Fever,
which accompanies suppuration.
Fever, Putrid, Typhus gravior.
Fever, Quintan, Febris quiuta'ua. A fever,
whose paroxysms return every fifth day. Ii is
seen rarely, or never.
Fever, Quotidian, see Quotidian — f. Red
Tongue, see Typhus.
Fever, Reg'ular, Febris rcrjuhi'ris seu cx-
qnisi'ta. An intermittent whose paroxysms fol-
low a determinate type. It is opposed to utypic.
Sometimes opposed to aiionialuus.
Fever, Relapsing, see Relapse.
Fever, Remittent, see Remittent Fever — f.
Remittent, Bilious, see Relapse — f. Remittent, in-
fantile, see Fever, infantile remittent — f Remit-
tent of children, F. infantile remittent — f Kemit-
ting icteric, see Relapse — f Rheumatic, Rheuma-
tism, acute— f. Root, Triosteum perfoliatum.
Fever, Scorcu'tic, Febris scorbu'tica. The
febrile movement, which sometimes accompanies
scorbutus or scurvy.
Fever, Seasoning, F., strangers'.
Fever, Sec'cndaky. Afebrile condition which
recurs in certain affections after having ceased;
such as the secondary fever, which comes on at
the time of the maturation of the variolous
pustules, or as the eruption of scarlatina, &c.,
disappears.
Fever, Septan, Febris sepia'na. An inter-
mittent, whose paro.xysms recur every six days,
and consequently on the seventh.
Fever, Seven Day, see Relapse.
Fever, Sextan, Febris sexta'na. A fever,
which recurs every five days, and consequently
on the sixth.
Fever, Ship, see Typhus.
Fever, Simple, Febris Simpler. Simple fever
is that which has no predominant character —
bilious, inflammatory, or nervous; and which is
unaccompanied by any local determinati<in, hy-
peraemia, or complication. It maybe continued,
remittent, or intermittent.
Fever, Simple Continued. This is the most
favourable form of continued fever, and has a
tendency to wear itself out, provided only the
Icedeiitia be avoided. The prognosis is conse-
quently favourable, and the treatment simple;
consisting in perfect repose of body and mind,
abstinence, and relieving the thirst ,by cold
drinks.
Fever, Singfl'tous, Febris sitttiulto'sn sea
lygmo'des seu lyngo'des. Fever, accompanied
with singultus or hiccough.
Fever, Solar, Dengue — f. Spotted, Typhus
gravior.
Fever, Ster'coral, Febris stercora'lis. Fever,
FEVER
3 01
FIBRES, CONVERGING
pniilnceil by an accumulation of faeces in the in-
testines.
Fkvkh, Stomachic, Gastric Fever.
FeVKK, StrANOEIIS', AkcW mating or Sen'soniitg
/Vi'cr. Yellow, or remittent fever, which is en-
demic in certsiin places, and to which strangers
are ospeciiiUy liable.
Jmovkr, Subcontiniial, Remittent Fever.
Fkvku, Subiji'trant, Febn's SKhiii'trniin. An
intermittent, in which one paroxysm is scarcely
finished before the other begins.
Fbver, Sun, Dengue — f. Sweating, Sudor An-
glieu.s.
Fkver, Syn'oopAL, Fehr{9 syncopn'liH seu mi-
nn'ta, (F.) Fihu-e si/iiropn/e. A variety of per-
nicious intermittent, in which there is, in every
paroxysm, one or more faintings.
Fkvku, Svnochoii), Synochus.
Fevek, SypiiiLiT'ic, Febn's ni/pJiih't'icn. Fever,
accompanying syphilis, or supposed to be owing
to a syphilitic taint.
FloVKlt, Teh'tiaN, Febris tertin'na. A fever,
whose paroxysm returns on the third day, and
consequently everv two days.
Fevei!, TmuD Day, Tertian.
Fever, TftAG"ic, Febn'a Ti-ng"lea. A low
fever, ill which the patient declaims like an actor
during the delirium.
Fever, Thacmat'ic, Febris traitnint'icn. The
fever, which supervenes on wounds or great sur-
gical opcriitions.
Fever, Trembling, Intermittent fever — f. Ty-
phoid, see Typhus — f. Tyyihoid, of India, Cholera
— f. Typhous, Typhus- — ^ f. Variccllar, see Vario-
loid— f. Varioloid, see Varioloid.
Fever, Ver'minoiis, Febris vermino'sn, Ilel-
winthop'ijru, Worm feuer. Fever, produced by
the presence of worms in the digestive tube, or
accompanied by their expulsion.
Fever, Vernal, Febris venia'lis. An inter-
mittent or other fever occurring in the spring.
Vernal intermittents were formerly considered
salubrious.
"An ague in the spring
Is physic for a king."
Fever, Vesicular, Pemphigus.
Fever, Wal'ciieren, Gail-sickness. The re-
mittents and intermittents to which the British
troops were exposed, who were attached to the
expedition to Walcheren, in 1809.
Fever, Water Brain, Hydrocephalus inter-
ims— f. Winter, see Tongue, black — f. Worm,
Verminous F. — f. Worm, spurious, Fever, infan-
tile remittent.
Fever, Yellow, Febris flava, F. seu Pestis
Americn'nn, F.Jiava Americano' mm, F. trnp'ica,
F. contin'na pn'tridn ictero'des Carolinien'sis, F.
eiri'iles ictero'iles, F. malii/'mi bilio'sa Amer'iccB,
F. mnlii/na, jlavn India; Occidenta'lis, F. to.r'ica,
Cholii'sis Amerioa'na, Ockrntij'phns, Loiviovholo'-
sis, Pestilen'tia lieemagas'trica, Pestis occidenta'-
lis seu intertrnp'ica, Vom'itns nicjer, Epan'etus
mnliij'nns jinviis, Rcmitt'ens ictero'des, TritcEoph'ya
Ahnrica'na, Typhus ictero'des, Ochrop'yra, Syn'-
ochns ictero'des, Ende'mial Caiisus of the West
Indies, Causns irop'icus endeni'icns, Bilious re-
viiltiiirj yellow fever, Midignant pestilential fever,
Fih:. ,'■ jnnnc d'Am^rique, F. matelote, F. gastro-
ndi/nawiipte, F. de la Jiarbade, F. de Sinm, F.
Jvteriiptc, F. Gastro-hfp<ttiipte, Typhus minsnia-
fiqne ataxique putride jitnne, T. jaune, T. d'Amc-
rlque, Voniito prieto, Vomito negro, Mai de Siam,
Jlteniagns'tric Fever or Pes'tilence, Black vomit,
Bnlriinjiihral'tarand Bareelo' na Fever, — vulg., in
the West Indies. Mnlat'to Jack and Yellow Jack.
A very acute and danyierous febrile affection ; so
called, because coin|)licated. in its second stage,
with a jaundiced appearance, accompanied by
Vomiting of black mutter. Sauvages, CuUen, and
others regiird it as a variety of typhus ; and Pinci,
as a species of gastro-adynamic, or bilious putritl
fever. It occurs, endemically, only within the tro-
pics; but it has been met with epidemically in the
temperate regions. Broussais regards the disease
as gastro-entcritis, exasperated by atmospheric
heat; so that it runs through its stages witii
tnuch greater rapi<lity than the gastro-cnteritia
of our climates. The yellow colour of the skin,
according to him, is owing to the inflammation
of the small intestine,^and especially of the duo-
denum,— augmenting the secretion of the liver,
and at the same time preventing its discharge
into the duodenum. The pathology of this affec-
tion, as well as its origin, is still unsettled. The
treatment must generally be of the most active
nature at the onset: consisting in bleeding largely,
and exhibiting mercury, so as to excite a new
action, if possible; — the other symptoms being
combated according to general principles. It
must vary, however, according to the epidemic.
Fever, Y'ellow, Milp, see Relapse.
FEVERBUSII, Laurus benzoin, Prinos.
FEVER DROPS, WARBURG'S, see Bebeeru.
FEVERET, Febricula,
FEVERFEW, Matricaria.
FEVERFOUILLIE, Matricaria.
FE'VERISII, Fe'verous, Feb'riens, Febrico'svs,
(F.) Fievreux, from febris, ' fever.' That which
causes fever or is febrifa'cient or febrif'ic; as
feverish food, feverish diathesis, &c. Also, the
state of one labouring under fever, Feversick.
If affected with intermittent fever, he is said to
be a'garificd in Suffolk, England.
FE'VERISHNESS, Febricita'tio, Febriculos'.
ify. The state of having fever. A slight febrile
disorder.
FEVEROUS, Feverish.
FEVERROOT, Pterospara andromedea.
FEVERSICK, see Feverish.
FEVERTREE, Pinckneya pubens.
FEVEKWOOD, Laurus benzoin.
FEVERWORT, Eupatorium perfoliatura, Tri-
osteuin.
FEWS, Sempervivum tectorum.
FEY, Psychorages.
FEYK, Fidgets.
FIBER, Castor fiber.
FIBRA, Fibre — f. Aurea, Coptis — f. Nervea,
Nerve-fibre — f. Sanguinis, Fibrin.
FIBR^ ARCIFORMES, see Arciform.
FIBRE, Fibra, Is, Ctednn, Filuni. An organic
filament, of a solid consistence, and more or less
extensible, which enters into the composition of
every animal and vegetable texture. The simp/e
or elementary fibre of the ancients, from a parti-
cular assemblage and arrangement of which every
texture of the body was conceived to be consti-
tuted, seems entirely ideal. The moderns usually
admit, with Haller and Blumenbach, tliree ele-
mentary fibres or tissues. ]. The cellular or lami-
nated, formed chieflj' of thin plates, of a whitisli
colour and extensible, which seems to consist of
concrete gelatin. 2. The nerrous, pnlpy, or med'-
nllary, formed of a soft substance, contained ill
a cellular sheath, and consisting of albumen
united to a fatty matter. 3. The muscular, com-
posed of round filaments, of a grayish or reddish
colour, and formed of fibrin. Chaussierhas added
to these the albugineous fibre, but it, seems to
differ from the cellular fibre only in greater con-
densation of the molecules. See Fibnnis.
A very small or ultimate fibre is called a Fibril,
Fibril'la.
Fibre, Albitgineous, see Albuginea.
FIBRE LISSE, see Muscular fibre—/. Siriec,
see Sluscnlar fibre.
FIBRES, CONVERG"ING. Nervous fibres,
whose oflSce it is to associate different portions
FIBREUX
8 92
FICUS
They
of the nervous centres with each other
form the Commissnrea.
Fibres, Uivi;i{g"ing. The fibres composing the
cnlumns of the medulla oblongata, wliich separate
in their proi^ress to the periphery of the cerebrum
and cerebellum. — Gall and Spurzheim.
FiBRKS OF Remak. Fibres described by Remak
a>! peculiar to the sympathetic nerve, but which
Yilentin considers to be neurilemma, and to con-
sist of fihro-cellnlar bundles.
FIBREUX, Fibrous.
FIBRIL, see Fibre.
FIBRILLA, Fibril — f. Muscularis, Muscular
fibre.
FI'BRILLAR, FilrUla'ris. Relating or apper-
tainin;^ to fibrils.
FIBRILLA'TION, Fibrilla'tio. The forma-
tion of fibrils.
FI'BKIN or Fib'rin, Fihrine, Fibri'na, Fi-
hi i'iie,Fibra stni'f/iihiis, Mate.'riajibro'nn, Li/mpha
2^!(ts'ticci, ifutiere fihreuse chi sang. An immediate
Miimal principle — solid, white, and inodorous;
i.isipid; heavier than water; without action on
t'lie vegetable blues ; elastic, when moist ; hard
and brittle when dry. It enters into the conipo-
s tion of the chyle and the blood, and forms the
(hief part of the muscles of red-blooded animals.
Muscular fibrin. Syntonic, MnHciiUn, has been
sliown, however, to be different from that of the
hlood. In certain diseased actions, Fibrin or
('(>((f/i(t(ible li/mph, f/liiten, is separated from the
Mood, and is found in considerable quantity on
the surfaces of membranes, and in the cavities of
the body. See Liquor Sanguinis.
Fibrin is likewise a proximate principle of
■^■egetables, and differs but little in cliemical com-
position from animal fibrin ; nor does it difiFer
uiueh from albumen and casein.
Fibrin is very nutritious.
FIBRIXA'TFON, Fibrina'tio. The act of
adding fibrin to the blood. The opposite to defi-
hriniitlon.
FIB'RINOUS, Fibrino'eun, (F.) Fibrineux.
That which is composed of fibrin, or has the ap-
])earance of fibrin.
FIBRO. In composition, appertaining or re-
lating to fibrous tissue.
FIBRO-AREOLAR, Fibro-cellular.
FIBRO-BRONCHITIS. Fibrous or rheumatic
inflammation of the bronchial tubes.
FIBRO-CAR'TILAGE, Fibro-cartiln'go. An
organic tissue, partaking of the nature of the
fibrous tissue, and of that of cartilage. It is
dense, resisting, elastic, firm, supple, and flexible.
Fibro-cartilages are distinguished into. — 1. 3fem-
ln'iniform, or those which serve as moulds to cer-
tiin parts, as the alie nasi and eyelids. 2. Voyi-
iiiform, or those which form sheaths for the
sliding of tendons. .S. 7/iM)-(7;-(i'o»i?«r, those which
lire met with in the movable articulations. 4.
igniting. (F.) Fibro-cai-tiliif/es d' union, which form
a. junction between two bones, as the symphysis
pubis. Fibro-cartilages are sometimes formed
adventitiously, as the result of a morbid process
in different organs.
Fibro-Cartilagrs, Tat^sal, see Tarsus.
Fibi{o-Cartilagi.nes I.vtervertebuales, In-
tervertebral cartilages.
FIBRO-CELL'ULAR, Fibyo-ceUuln'ris, Fibro-
ore'olnr, Fibm-areohi'riH. That which partakes
of the fibrous .and of the cellular tissue, as the
fascia tninsversalis.
Fibro-Cellular Tumour, Tumour, fibro-cel-
Inlar.
FIBROMA. Tumour, fibrous.
FIBRO-MUCOUS, Fibro.muco'Hus, C¥.)Fibro-
muqueux. Possessing the nature of fibrous and
of mucous membranes. A term applied to
fibrous membranes, which are intimately united
with other niemhrnnes of a mucous nature, as
the pititiinry membrane, the incinbnive of the
urethra, Ac.
FIBRO-FLASTIC,/'/^>v.-p/a».'/iV.,«, (¥.) fibro.
2}lasli</iie, from Jibra, ' fibre,' and 7T)iaaau), ' I form.'
An epithet for a morbid formation, con.-iituled of
the elements of areolar tissue transformed, in
part, into fibre. — Lebert.
Fibro-Plastk; Tumoitr, Sarcoma.
FIBRO-SEROUS, Fibro-sero'.no, (F.) Fibro.
sereux. Possessing the nature of fibrous and
serous membranes. Membranes, composed of a
fibrous, and a serous sheet, intimately united: —
as the Dura Mater, Pericardium, Tunica ulba-
ginea testis, <tc.
FIBROID, Fibrous, Tumour, fibrous.
FI'BROUS, Fibro'sus, Fibroid, (F.) Fibreux.
Composed of fibres. Certain membranes, as tlio
dura mater, periosteum, ligamentous capsules of
the joints, &c., are fibrous. The fibrous system
of Bichat includes the system of organs formed
by the albugineons fibre of Chaussier. It com-
prises, particularly, the periosteum and perichon-
drium: the articular capsules and ligaments; the
tendons; the dura mater, pericardium, tunica
sclerotica, tunica albuginea testis, outer mem-
brane of the spleen, &c. Under simple fibroin)
tissues, Tel cE fibro' scB, certain writers have classed
the ivhite and ycUow fibrous tissues, and areolar
tissue. Both the yellow and the white may be
detected in the areolar tissue. The white is said
to exist alone in ligaments, tendons, fibrous mem-
branes, aponeuroses, <fec. The ?/(7/oip, (F.) Tissn
jnune, exists separately in the middle coat of the
arteries, the chordae vocales, ligamentum nuchoe
of quadrupeds, &c. It differs from the white in
possessing a high degree of elasticity, owing to
the presence of a distinct principle, called by MM.
Robin and Verdeil, elasticine.
Fibrous Growth, Tumour, fibrous — f. Matter
of the Brain, see Cerebrum — f. Membranes, see
Membranes, fibrous.
FIB'ULA, (for Figibnla [?] from /.70, ' to fix,')
Cruris ra'dius, Canua minor, Os per'one, I'ero-
nc'um, Foc"ile minus, Sura, Arun'do minor, Fist'-
ula Cruris. Tib'ia min'ima. Os tib'iai minus, Spell-
bone, 'a clasp.' The splinter bone of the leg.
(F.) Pcrone. The long, small bone, situate at
the outer part of the leg. The superior or tibial
extremity of the fibula is rounded and forms the
caput or head. It is articulated with the tibia.
Its inferior or tarsal extremity is liroader than
the superior. It is articulated with the tibia and
astragalus, and forms the malleolus externiis or
outer ankle by means of its eoronoid process.
The body of the bone has three faces, having
more or less prominent edges. It is separated
from the tibia by the interosseous space, and is
developed by three points of ossification ; one at
the body, and one at each extremity. It prevents
the foot from turning outwards.
FIBllLAD, see Fibular aspect.
FIBULAR, Peroneal.
FiBi'LAR Aspect. An aspect towards the side
on which the fibula is situated. — Barclay, Fib'-
idad is used by the same writer adverbially, to
signify 'towards the fibular aspect.'
FIBULATIO, Infibulatio.
FfO, Ficus.
FfCAfliE, Ranunculus ficaria.
FICARIA, Scrophularia aqiiatica — f. Cominu-
nis. Ranunculus ficaria — f. Ranunculoides, Ra-
nunculus ficaria — f. Verna, Ranunculus ficaria.
FICATIO. Ficus.
FICICION, Phvsician.
FICOSA EMINENTIA. Ficus.
FICUS, Syre, Sy'cea, Sycum, Syco'sig, Sycn'-
mn, Fica'tio, Fico'sus Tumor, Fico'sa eminen'tia,
Maris'ca, (F.) Fit: A fleshy excrescence, often
FIDERIS
393
FILTRATION
soft ami redilish, sometimes hard and scirrhous,
baii^iiif; by a peduncle, or formed like a lig;
oecurrinj; on tlio eyelids, chin, tongue, anus, or
organs of generation. The fici seated on the
liMt-mentioned parts are generally of a syphilitic
character.
Ficus, F. Carica.
Ficiis Cah'ica, F. viilgn'ris seu commn'nis.
The systematic name of the fig tree ; (F.) Figiiier.'
Oi'd. Urticaceae. Carica, Ficus, Syce, avKr/, (F.)
Fl(/ue: the /ig — is a pleasant fruit when ripe;
as well as when dried in the state in which it is
fi.und in the shojts — Ficun, (Ph. U.S.) It is
used, at times, in place of a cataplasm; especially
in gtim-hoils.
Ficus Communis, F. Carica — f. Indiso grana.
Coccus cacti — f. Indica, Musa paradisiaca, see
Caoutchouc, Carica papaya, and Laeca — f. Reli-
giosa, see Lacca.
FIDEllIS, MINERAL WATERS OP. These
waters, in the Canton of the Grisons, are strong,
acidulous, and alkaline, and possess all the vir-
tues of the class.
FIDtiETS. Of doubtful etymology. Dijs-
j}!ior'!<i niiiiplex, D. nrivo'uft, Ercthis' duih simplex,
Tiliibn'lio, Creepers, (Sc.) Fei/k, (P.) FrellUement.
General restlessness and troublesome uneasiness
of the nerves and muscles, with increased sensi-
bility, and inability of fixing the attention, ac-
companied with a perpetual desire of changing
the po>ition. See A(/'iceiiieiit dcs Nerfs.
FIDICINALES, Lumbricales manus.
FIE, Psychorages.
FIEL, Hile— /. de Bmif, Bile of the ox—/,
rfe Tcrrc, Fumaria.
FIEIjDWEED, Anthemis cotula, Erigeron
Pliiliideliihicum.
FIENTE, Fimus.
FIEVllE, Fever — /. d'Accis, Intermittent
fever — f. Adyiinmique, Tj'plius — f. Ahjide, see
Algidus — /. d' Amour, Fever, erotic^/. Anrjeio-
tfnique, Synocha — /. Annnelle, see Annual Dis-
eases— /. Ardent, Ardent fever, S3'nocha — /.
Attixiqite, Typhus — /. de la Barbnde, Fever,
yellow — /. Ihdlciise, Pemphigus — f. des Camps,
Typhus sravior — /. Catarrhale, Catarrh — /. Ca-
turrhale ^pidemiqiie, Influenza — ■/. Cerebrate, Ce-
rebral fever — /. Cerebmle des Eitfaiis, Hydroce-
phalus internus — /. Cerebro-spiiia/, Meningitis,
cerebro-spinal — /. ChiUrique, Choleric fever —
/. de Coii'omptiou, see Consumption — f. Coiifi-
vente inflammatoire, Synocha- — /. Deliraiile,
Fever, delirious — /. Double, Fever, double — /.
Doublee, Fever, double — f. Eittero-mesenterique,
Typhoid fever — /. Ephemere, Ephemera — /.
Eiique, Hectic fever — /. Gastro-adynamiqite,
Fever, yellow — f. Gasfm-hepatique, Fever, yellow
— ■/. H('cli(pie, Hectic fever — ■/. de Hoiu/rie, Fever,
llungaric — f. d'llopital. Typhus gravior — f. Ic-
teriqiie. Fever, yellow — f. liijlamniatoire, Synocha
— /. Intermitlrutr, Intermittent fever — /. Iiifer-
tiiittetile piihidrciiiie, see Elodes — /. /rritafive,
Synocha — ■/. Jamie d'Ameriqne, Fever, yellow —
/. Lactee, Fever, milk — f. de Lait, Fever, milk —
/. Laiteiise, Fever, milk — /. Larvee, Fever,
masked — ■/. Lenticulaire, Typhus gravior — -f. du
Levant, Plague — /. des ifarais, Intermittent
fever — ■/. Maremmatiqiie, see Elodes — f. Matctute,
Fever, yellow — -f. Mfniiujn-rjastrique, Fever, gas-
tric—/. Mesenteriqne, see Typhus — /. de la Mnis-
«'>», Fever, gastric — / ^^llrbiUeuse, Rubeola — f.
Nervcnse, Typhus mitior — ■/. Nosocnmiah, Tj'phus
gravior—/ OrtiSe, Urticaria — /. Oscitante, Osei-
tant fever— ;/". Pahtdeinue, see Elodes—/. Ph-io-
diqxe. Intermittent fever — / Peripneamnniqne,
I'neumonia — /*. Periiirieuse dt'liraiitc, see Deli-
rious— /. I'lvurftlqiir, Pleurisy — / des Prisons,
Typhus gravior—/. Piieumoniqiie, Pneuiuunia —
/. Pourpree, Scarlatina — /. Piierpernh, Fever,
puerperal, see reritonitis— / Qnarte, Quartan —
/. Quatidienne, Quotidian — / 0, Jievliitte, see
Relapse — /. L'emittente, Remittent fever — /.
Ithumatinmale, Rheumatism, acute — /. Itonye,
Roseolae, Scarlatina — /. Smitjuiue, Synocha — /.
Semitierce, llemitritica — /. dc Siam, Fever, yel-
low— •/. Suante, Sudor Picardieus — f. Syueopule,
see Fever syncopal, and Syncopal — / Tierce,
Tertian fever—/. Typlwide, see Typhus—/. Veai-
culaire. Pemphigus.
F1£YREUX, Feverish.
FIG, see Ficus carica — f. Indian, Cactus
opuntia.
FIG UE, see Ficus carica.
FIG LIEU, Ficus carica — /. d'Inde, Cactus
opuntia.
FIGURA VENOSA, Circulus venosus.
FIGUKATIO, Imagination.
FIGURE, Countenance.
FIGURE, (F.) An Cjiithet for a compressive
bandage, applied over the head after Idceding
fr(jm the frontal vein. It has also been called
bandage royal,
FIG WORT, Scrophularia nodosa — f. Water,
greater, Scrophularia aquatica.
FILACEOUS, Filamentous.
FILA NERVEA, Nerve-iibres— f. Spermatica,
Spermatozoa.
FILAIRE DE MEDINE, Dracunculus.
FIL'AMENT, Filnm, Filamen'Uan, from Jilim,
'a thread.' This word is used ."ynonj'uiously
with fhrit; thus, we say, a nervous or eellnlor
filament or fibril. Also, the glairy, thread-like
substance which forms in the urine in some dis-
eases, and which depends on a particular secre-
tion from the mucous membrane of the urinary
passages.
FILAMEN'TOUS, Filamento'sns. Filaceous;
threadlike; filiform. Same etymon. Containing
threadlike substances, as the tunica filamentoea
or deeidua: — Filamentous urine; urine contain-
ing threadlike substances.
FILAMENTUM, Fr.Tnum.
FILARIA GUINEENSIS, Dracunculus — f.
Hominis bronchialis, see Worms — f. Mediuensis,
Dracunculus — f. Oculi, see Worms.
FIL15EHT, Corylus avellana.
FILE, DENTAL, Lima dentaria.
FILELLUM, Fricnum.
FILET {DE LA LANGUE), Frajnum — /. de
la Verge, Fraenum penis — /. Operation du, see
Fraenum.
FILETUM, Fra-num lingua-.
FILICULA, Polypodium filix mas— f. Dulcis,
Polypndium vulgare.
FIL'IF0RM,i''i7(/o)v)('?8, frovD filum, 'a thread,'
and /o;-;»«, 'form.' Having the shape of a thread;
as the '^ filiform papilla} of the tongue;" a "fili-
form pulse." See Papillse.
FILING, Limntio.
FILIPENDULA, Spirsea filipendula.
FILIUS ANTE PATKEM, Tussilago.
FILIX FffiMINEA, Pteris aquilina — f. Flo-
rida, Osinunda regalis — f. Mas, Polypodium filix
mas — f. Non ramosa denfata, Polypndium filix mas
— f. N3'mpha?a, Pteris aquilina — f. I'innata, Poly-
podium fili.v mas — f. Veneris, Adiantum pedatum.
FILLE, Girl.
FILLET, Fascia, Laqueus — f. of the Corpus
Callosum, (Jyrus fornicatus.
FILLING. A term euiplo3'ed in dentistry for
the operation of stuffing the cavity of a carious
tooth with some indestructible substance, to pre-
vent the access of extraneous matters — Odonto-
plrro'sis. See Plugging.
FILTRA'TION, Filtra'tio, Percola'tio, E'thi-
'sis, Ethin'mm. Same etymon as the next. A
FILTRUM
394
FISTULA
pbtirmaecutical operation, whioh consists in pass-
ing a fluid through a filter or strainer, for the
purpose of clarifying it. In ancient ])bysiology,
it meant the action by which the different hu-
mours of the body are separated from the mass
of the blood.
FILTRUM. A filter. (F.) Filtre ; — irom
fentre, 'felt or fulled cloth,' which was used to
form it. Any porous material ; such as snnd,
some kinds of freestone, powdered charcoal,
ponnded f/fasn, fJaunel, unshed p<(j)er, &c., through
which a fluid is passed for the puri)ose of sepa-
rating it from the matters suspended in it.
FILUM, Fihiment — f. Musculare, Muscular
fibre — f. Toeniaforme, Ticniola.
FiLUM Termina'le. a slender ligament, pro-
longed from the nervous sheath, formed by the
spinal pia mater, which descends through the
centre of the cauda equina, and is attached to
the dura mater, lining the canal of the coccyx.
FIM'BRIA, Parar'ma. A band, a fringe; as
the fimbria or fimbriated or fringed extremity of
the Fallopian tube.
FIM'BRIA CARNOSiE COLL Appendicula?
pinguedinosae — f. Tubarum Fallopii, see Tube,
Fallopian.
FIMBRIATED, see Fimbria.
FIMUS, Bor'borm, Oiitlius, Sterctis. (F.)
Fiente. Dung, excrement.
Fnfus seu Stkrcus A.n'seris, CooKe-dunrj, was
applied as a poultice to the feet in malignant
fever. See Chenocoprus.
FlMUS Equi'nus, Sterctis equi non castra'ti.
Stone horse-dung was once thought antipleuritic.
FiMUS Vacc^, Cow-dung, was employed as a
cata])lasm, cspeciallv in gout.
FINCKLE, Anetiium.
FINGER, Digitus — f. Middle, Medius digitus
— f. Ring, Annular finger — f. Stall, Digitale.
FINIS ASPERiE ARTERI^, Larynx.
FIOLE, Phiala.
FIPPI/E, Lip, under.
FIR, BALSAM, Pinus balsamea.
Fin-Moss, lIpniGHT, Lycopodium selago.
Fir, Scotch, Pinus sylvestris — f. Spruce, Nor-
vray, Pinus abies.
Fir Tree, Silver, European, Pinus picea.
Fiu, Yew-leaved, Pinus abies.
FIRE DAMP, Hydrogen, carburetted— f. Per-
sian, Anthracion — f. St. Anthony's, Erysipelas.
Fire Weed, Erechthites hieracifolia, Senecio.
FIRING, Cauterization.
FIRST INTENTION, see Intention.
FISHSKIN, Ichthyosis.
FISH-TONGUE. (F.) Langue de Carpe. An
instrument — so called from its shape — used by
some dentists for the removal of the dent§s sa-
pientise.
FISSICULA'TIO, hom fissicidare, 'to cutoff,'
'open,' 'make incisions.' An old word for an
opening made with a scalpel.
FISSIPARITE, see Generation.
FISSIPAROUS, see Generation.
FISSURA, Fissure — f. Canalis Fallopii, see
Aquaeductus Fallopii — f. Capillorum, Distrix — f.
Contrajacens, Contra-fissura — f. Cerebri longitu-
dinalis. Fissure, longitudinal, of the Brain — f.
Interlobularis, Interlol)ular fissure — f. Magna
vulvifB, see Rima — f. Palpebrarum, see Palpebra
— f. Pilaris, Triehismus.
Fissu'ra Longitudixa'lis, Ante'rior et Pos-
te'rior. Two vertical fissures in the median
line, in front of, and behind, the medulla oblon-
gata, which divide it superficially into two sym-
metrical lateral columns.
FissuRA Transversa Magna Cerebri, Fis-
sure, transverse, of the Brain.
FISSURE, Fissu'ra, Schisma, Sciaen'ra, Rhege,
Ehegnia, Ehejjmus, from Jindere, fssum, ' to
cleave;' a long and narrow cleft or opening in a
bone — Rhage, fiuyri, Ceasma, Kcaana. (F.) /V»«ii/e,
Fente.
Fissure has various acceptations: 1. A frac-
ture, Catag'ma fissu'ra, in which tlie bono is
cracked, not separated, as in fracture ; 2. A nar-
row, long, and stiperficinl solution of continuity,
around the external openings of the mucous
'memi)ranes. A sort of chap — (F.) (lcr<:nrv—uh.
served on the hands, particuliiriy on the ciillous
hands, of workmen, in certain mechiinicnl ciii-
ploynients; 3. Small chapped ulcerations, .•ionic-
times noticed in j'oung children, owing to the
contact of the faces and urine witli tlic (iiie,
delicate skin of the thighs, nates, and genital
organs ; 4. Clefts of a more or less deep nature,
occurring on the genital organs in the vicinity
of the anus, in those labouring under syphilis.
These are usually called rhagaiUs. See I\lon,<ter.
FissiTUK OF IJicilAT, Fissure, transverse, of
the Brain — f. Capillary, see Piiatio.
Fissure, Central. The aggrcgnto of the ca-
vities or ventricles of the brain. Meckel consi-
ders them but one cavity, in the form of a cross.
Fissure of Glaser, Fissure, glenoid — f. of
Glaserius, F. Glenoid.
Fissure, Glenoid, Fissure of Glaser or Ghme'.
ritis, (F.) Fissure ou Scissiire de Glaser, Fente
gleiio'idtde ou Felure de Glaser, divides the gle-
noid cavity of the temporal bone into two parts,
and gives passage to the chorda tympani. Ac.
Fissure op the Helix. A small verticiii fis-
sure of the helix of the ear, a little above the
tubercle for the attachment of the attrahensaiu'cm
muscle.
Fissure, Infraorbitar, Snborbitar fissure.
Fissure, Longitu'dinal, op the Bhain, Fis-
su'ra cer'ehri lomjitudina'lis. The space which
separates the two hemispheres of the brain.
Fissure, Orbitar, see Orbitar fissure — f. Or-
bitar, inferior, Spheno-maxillary fissure — f. Or-
bitar, superior. Sphenoidal fissure — f. Portal, see
Liver.
Fissure op Rolan'do. A transverse fissure
placed between two superior cerebral convolu-
tions, which are met with above the fissure of
Sylvius.
Fissure, Semilu'nar. A notch at the ante-
rior edge of the cerebellum, where it receives
fibres which connect it to the cerebellum and
mesocephalon.
Fissure of Svl'vius, Fissu'ra seu F«ssa Mag.
na Si/l'vii. A deep, narrow sulcus, which ascends
obliquely backwards from the temporal ala of the
sphenoid bone, near to the middle of the parietid
bone, and which parts the anterior and middle
lobes of the cerebrum on each side.
Fissure of the Tragus. A fissure on the an-
terior surface of the tragus of the ear.
Fissure, Transverse, of the Brain, Great
transverse fissure. Fissure of Bichat, Fissu'ra seu
Rima transver'sa magna cer'ehri. A fissure,
which passes beneath and behind the edge of the
middle lobe of the brain, and extends beneath
the hemisphere of one side to the same jjoint of
the opposite side.
FIST, Sax. Fyj-t, -rrvyiiv, Ryy^^t Pu/jnus, (F.)
Poing. The clenched hand.
FIS'TULA, 'a pipe or reed,' Si/rin.r, Syrin'gn,
Anlos — when of a small size, Anlis'cos. A solu-
tion of continuity, of greater or less depth and
sinuosity; the opening of which is narrow, and
the disease kept up by an altered texture of pnrts,
so that it is not disposed to heal. A fistula is
incomplete or blind, when it has but one opening;
and complete when there are two, the one com-
municating with an internal cavity, the other
externally. It is lined, in its whole course, by
a membrane which seems analogous to mucous
FISTULES STERCORAIRES 395
FLAX
inemljranes. Inconiptcte fintidoi may be iuternnl
or exieitiiil. The former are tliose which open
iiileinnUi/ ; the hitter those which ojien exIeiiiuUy.
Kxterniii iurotnplcte fmtnlai are kept u|) by caries
or necrosis of bones, by extraneous bodies in any
of the living textures, or by purulent cavities,
the walls of which have not become united. Iii-
ttrudl iuvniiipliilfi Jlnliilm generally soon become
complete, since the discharge that escapes from
them into the cavities into which they open has
a constant tendency to make its way outwardly,
and soon occasions ulceration of the integuments.
FistnliC have received different names, according
to the discharge which they aflord, and the organs
in which tiiey are seated, — as htrhrynml, hiliavi/,
Sfiliixiry, nijnorldl, nriiiari/ — Fh'titia iiri'iim,
U'rUiH. The great object of treatment, in fistu-
lous sores, is to bring on an altered condition of
the parietes of the canal, by astringent or stimu-
lating injections, caustics, the knife, pressure, <fec.
Those which are dependent on diseased bone,
cartiliige, tendon, &c., do not heal until after the
exfoliatiim of the diseased part. Fistulue of ex-
cretory ducts are produced cither by an injury
of the duct itself or by the retention and accu-
mulation of the fluids to which they have to give
passiige. Thus, Fin'tuln Incn/inn'/is, Dacri/o-
tijr'iiij', Einj)hrnij']iin Idcri/tiin'/e, Hyihopii nacci
lacri/ma'lis, Dropni/ of the liii'hryiiinl ntic, com-
monly procei'ds from the o))literation of the nasal
ducts, or from atony of the lachrymal sac; which
circumstances prevent the tears from passing into
the nostrils.
Fistula in Ano, ArrJidsi/v'hir, generally occurs
from some mechanical pressure or impediment.
The principal indication in the treatment of these
fistuliB of the excretory canals being to imt a stop
to the constant discharge of the secretions, &c..
through the preternatural channel, the fistulous
passage is at times laid open, and a communica-
tion established with the natural excretory canal;
at others, strong pressure is employed to procure
its obliteration.
Fistula Bklliniana. Uriniforous tube — f. Ci-
balis, CEsophagus — f. Cruris, Fibula — f. Durae
matris. Sinus of the dura mater — f. Lacrymalis,
see Fistula — f. Mammas, Mastosyrinx — f. Nervo-
rum, Neurilemma — f. Sacra, Medulla spinalis.
Vertebral column — f. Spiritualis, Trachea — f.
Urinaria, Urethra — f. Uretcrum renum. see Calix
— f. Urinae, see Fistula — f. Ventriculi, (Eso-
phagus.
FISTULES STERCORAIRES, see Sterco-
raceous.
FIS'TULOUS. FtstnJo'nns, S'/i-!tig"iciisi, Si/rin-
gu'di'K, (F.) Fintuleux. Relating to, or resembling,
a fistula; as 'a. fistulous opening.'
FIT, Pes.
FIT-ROOT, Monotropa nniflora.
FITS, NINE DAY. Trismus naseentium.
FIVE FINCJERS, Panax quinquefolium.
FIXATIO MONONCEA, Melancholy.
FIXED, /'(>!(«, from figere, fxum, 'to fasten.'
A body not capable of being volatilized by fire is
Paid to be fixed. Thus, we sny fixed oils, in con-
tradistinction to volritile oils.
FIXEN. MINERAL WATERS OF. This
spring is four leagues from Waldsassen, in Bava-
ria. It contains carbonic acid, holding in solu-
tion carbonates of lime and magnesia, chlorides
of lime and magnesia, carbonate of soda and silica.
In Bavaria, it replaces the Seltzer water.
FIXI DENTES. The teeth of the second
dentition.
FLABELLA'TION, FUthcUa'tio, from flahel-
Inve. jhih'-lltttum, (from jhihrum. 'a blast of
wind.') 'to agitate the air.' An operation recom-
mended by An\brose Pard, which consists in
keeping fractured limbs cool, as well as the
dressings surrounding them, by the renewal of
the air around them, either by the use of a fan,
or the repeated change of position of the parts
affected.
FLABELLUM ET YENTILABRUM COR-
DIS, Pulmo.
FLACCID'ITY, Fhtccid'itas, from flnccidvn,
' flabby,' ' soft.' Softness of a part, so as to offer
little resistance on pressure.
FLAG, BLUE, Iris versicolor— f. Blue, slender,
Iris Virginica — f. Dwarf, Iris lacustris — f. Myrtle,
Acorns calamus — f. Root, Acorus calamus.
FLAGELLATIO, Mastigosis.
FLAM BE, Iris Germanica — /. Bdtard, Iris
pseudacorus.
FLAMBOISE, Ignis sylvaticus.
FLAME, VITAL, Vital principle.
FLAMED, Inflamed.
FLAMMA, Fleam— f. Cordis, Biolychnium— f.
Vitalis, Biolychnium.
FLA3IME. Fleam—/. Vitah, Vital principle.
FLAMMFTTE, Fleam.
FLAMMON, Lachesis rhombeata.
FLAMMULA, Fleam, Rmniiirulus ficnria — f.
Cordis. Biolychnium — f. .Jovis, Clematis recia —
f. Vitalis, Animal heat, Biolychnium, Vital prin-
ciple.
FLANCS, Flanks.
FLANKS, Il'ia, Il'en, Li'tjoiies, Lnj^ara, Ce-
neo'nes, (I'rov.) Lists, (F.) Flaiirs, Les lies. The
regions of the body which extend, on the sides,
from the inferior margin of the chest to the crista
iiii.
FLAP, (F.) Lamhcau. A portion of the soft
parts of the body separated from those beneath,
but still attached by the base. Hence there may
be ' fiap wounds,' (F.) I'hiies d lantLeanx, and
'JInji operations,' (F.) Operaliovs a, lanihenux.
When the flap is taken from one part, and ap-
f)licd to another, in plastic operations, the opera-
tion is said to be by mi<JfiAtlon nf the Jluji. (F.)
Migration du Lamhcau. At times, the flap is
made, to slide over the part to which it has to ad-
here:— the operation is then said to be by the
sliding of the fiap, (F.) Glisseiiwiit du Laiuhean.
The flap is also, at times, ndhd, inverted, ic,
(F.) Rouleinent ou Inversion du Lainbeuu.
Flap-dock, Digitalis.
Flap Operation op Amputation, Amputation
d Innibeaux,
FLAT TOP, Vernonia Noveboracensis.
FLATUARIUS. Alchymist.
FLATUEUX, Windy.
FLAT'ULENCE, Flatulen'tia, Flatus, Flntu-
os'itas, Aerifiux'us, Pneuniato'sis, Pneiiwatnsin
ventric'uli et enter'tca, Bdes'nia, Hi/perpneus'tia,
Clydon, Physa, Pob/phy'sia, Linio'sis Fla'tus,
Ereux'is, Bouihus, Fltituos'ity, Wind, Wind'iness,
Ventos'ity, Vapour, (F.) Ventosite, Flatuosite,
Vents; from fio, fiatum, ' to blow.' Wind emitted
from, or accumulated in, the digestive tube espe-
cially.
FLATULENT, Windy.
FLATULENTIA, Flatulence.
FLATUOSITE, Flatulence.
FLATUOSITY, Flatulence.
FLATUS, Crepitation, Flatulence- f. Furiosus,
Ambulo-flatulentus — f. Spinas, Spina ventosa.
FLAVEDO CORTICUM CITRI, see Citrus
medica.
FLAVOUR, from {F.)fiairer, 'to smell.' The
quality of a saj)id body, which is appreciated by
the taste and smell combined, and more espe-
cially by the latter. Some physiologists consider
that flavour is effected through the smell alone.
FLA V US. Yellow.
FLAX. COMMON, Linum usitatissiraum — f.
Purging, Linum catharticum — f. Seed, see Linum
FLEA
396
FLEXOR
nsitatTS?imum — f. Seed tea, Tnfusum lini compo-
situin — f. Toad, Antirhinura linaria.
FLEA. COMMON, Pulex irritans.
FLEABANE, GREAT, Conyza squarrnsa— f.
Various -leaved, Erigeron heterophylluin — f.
Canada, Erigeron Caiiadense — f. Narrow-leaved,
Erigeron Philadelphicuin — f. Philadelphia, Eri-
ireron Pliiladelphicum — f. Skevish, Erigeron
Pliiladelpiiicurii.
FLEAM, Flamma, Flam'mula, Schaste'rion,
Fossil' ri tint, Phlebot'omum. A surgical instru-
ment used for the operation of phlebotomy. (F.)
Ftamme, Flammette. It consists of a small me-
tallic box, containing a spear-pointed cutting in-
strument, which, by means of a spring, can be
forced into the vein. It is much used in Ger-
many and some other European countries, and is
not unfreiiuently employed in America; but is
Kcareelv ever seen in France or Great Britain.
FLEAWOUT, Plantago psyllium.
FLEGHISSEUR, Flexor—/. Court commun
(hi ortella. Flexor brevis digitorum pedis — /.
Ciiurt du petit doifjt, Flexor parvus minimi digiti
— f. Court (III 2>etit orteil. Flexor brevis minimi di-
giti pedis — -/. Pro/oiid den doigtn, Flexor profun-
dus perforans — ■/. Siihlime den doigts. Flexor sub-
limis perforatus — ■/. Snperjieiel des doi'gts, Flexor
Fublimis perforatus — ■/. Court du gros orteil, Flexor
brevis pollicis pedis- — ■/. Grand commun des orteih,
Flexor longus digitorum pedis profundus perfo-
rans— f. Long commun des orteils, Flexor longus
digitorum pedis profundus perforans — ■/. Long du
gros orteil, Flexor longus pollicis pedis — ■/. Court
du pouce. Flexor brevis pollicis manfls.
FLECK, Abrasion.
FLECTENS PAR LUMBORUM, Quadratus
lumborum.
FLEGMEN, Flemen.
FLEMEN, Flegmen. A tumour about the
ankles. Also, a chap on the feet and hands.
FLERECIN, Gout.
FLESH, Ctiro, Sur-jc, (F.) Chair. Every soft
part of an animal is so named; but more parti-
cularly the muscles, which are called muscular
Jlesh.
Flesh. PnouB, Fungosity.
FLESHY, Corpulent.
FLETUS. Lacrymatio.
FLEUR DE COUCOU, Primula veris — /.
Sointe-C'itherine,'^\gt\\;i — f. de Sainte- Jacques,
Thlaspi bursa — /. de Tons lea mois, Calendula
o.'Iicinnlis,
FLEURS. Flowers, Menses — /. de Benjoin,
Benjamin — ;/. Blamhes, Leucorrhoea— ;/". de 3Ius-
Cdde, Mace — f. de Sonfre, Sulphur sublimatum.
FLEXIBIL'ITY, Fle.rihil'itns, from Jlectere,
Jlexuni, 'to bend.' Capability of being bent. A
physical property of the tissues, which varies
greatly according to the structure. The tendons
exhibit this property in a marked manner.
FLEXIO. Campsis, Flexion.
FLEX'ION, Flex'io, Cinupe. Same etymon.
The state of being bent. The action of a flexor
muscle.
FLEXOR. Same etymon. (F.) Flechisseur.
A muscle, whose office it is to bend certain parts.
Flrxor Bijevis DiGiTo'r.uM Pedis Perpoiia'-
TITS, F. Suhli'mis sen brevis seu digito'ruin brevis
seu perforatus pedis, Perfora'tus »e\l fleu-or secun'di
iuterno'dii digito'ruin pedis, (F.) C(dcnneo-sous-
phalavgettieu commun, — Galea iieo-sous-phalnngi-
tiien commun, — (Ch.), Miisc/e court Jiechisseur
commun des orteils. A muscle, placed at the
middle of the solo of the foot. It is narrower
and thicker behind than before, where it is di-
vided into four portions. It arises from the pos-
terior part of the inferior surface of the os calcis,
and is inserted at the inferior surface of the
Becoud phalanx of the last four toes. It bends
the second phalanges of the toes on the first, and
the first on the metatarsal bones; in this uiiiniicr
augmenting the concavity of the vault of the
foot.
Flexor Brevis Minimi Digiti, F. Parvus mi-
nimi digiti.
Flexor Brevis Min'imi Dig"iti Pepis, Para'-
thenar minor, (F.) Court jlichissenr du petit orteil,
Tarso-sous-j/halangien du petit orteil — (Ch.) A
muscle, situate at the anterior and outer part of
the sole of the foot. It arises from the posterior
extremity of the fifth metatarsal bone, and is in-
serted into the posterior part of the first phalanx
of the little toe, which it bends.
Flexor Brevis Pol'licis Manus, F. secvn'dt
interno'dii, F. primi et secun'di ossia pol'licis,
Thenar, (F.) Court Jlevhisseur du ponce, Carpo-
phidaugien du pouce — (Ch.), Demi-interosseuj- du
pouce. A muscle, situate at the outer part of the
palm of the hand. It is divided into two portions
by the tendon of the Flexor longus pollicis. It
arises from the os magnum, the anterior annular
ligament of the carpus and the third metacarpal
bone ; and is inserted into the sujierior jiart of
the first phalanx of the thumb, and into the two
ossa sesamoidea at the articulation of the first
phalanx with the first metacarpal bone. Its use
is to bend the first phalanx of the thumb on the
first metacarpal bone, and the latter upon the
trapezium.
Flexor Brevis Pol'licis Pedis, F. brevis seu
hal'luris seu brevis pol'licis, (F.) Tarso-phalan-
gien du pouce, Court. Jlechisseur du gros orteil,
Tarso-sous-jjhalangettien du, premier orteil — (Ch.)
It is situate at the anterior and inner part of the
sole of the foot; is thin and narrow behind, thick
and divided into two portions before. It arises
from the inferior part of the os calcis and the last
two cuneiform bones, and is inserted at the infe-
rior part of the base of the first phalanx of the
great toe, and into the two sesamoid bones of the
corresponding metatarso-phalangian articulation.
It bends the first phalanx of the great toe on the
first metacarpal bone.
Flexor Carpi Raptalis, Palmaris magnus —
f. Carpi ulnaris, see Cubital (muscles) — f. Hallu-
cis, F. brevis pollicis pedis — f. Hallucis longus,
F. longus p(jllicis pedis.
Flexor Longus Digito'rum Pedis Profun'-
DUS Per'forans; Per'forans seu Flexor profun'-
dus, Perodactijle'us, Peroiiodarti/l'ins, I'erono-
dactylicB'us, Peroucdaeti/l' iiis, Flexor digito'rum
loiii/ns seu Perforans pedis, Perforans seu Flexor
tertii internodii digito'rum pedis ; (F.) 'J'ibio-jjhn-
latigettien — (Ch.), Grand Ou long fiechisHenr cum-
mun des orteils. A muscle, situate at the poste-
rior and deep-seated part of the leg. It is broader
at its middle than at its extremities, the inferior
of which is divided into four portions. It arises
from the posterior surface of the tibia, and its
tendons are attached to the posterior part of the
lower surface of the three phalanges of the last
four toes. It bends the three phalanges on each
other, and the toes on the metatarsus, and ex-
tends the foot on the leg.
The Accesso'rius Flexo'ris Longi Digito'rum
Pedis, Caro quadra'ta Si/l'vii, C. aceesso'ria,
3fassa car'nea Jaco'bi Syl'vii, Pliiutu'ris verus,
(F.) Aecessoire du long flechisseur comvivn des
orteils, Carree (Chair,) is a small muscle of the
sole of the foot, which passes obliquely from the
OS calcis to the outer edge of the flexor longus,
whose force it augments, arid corrects its obliquity.
Flexor Longus Pol'licis Manus, F. longus
pollicis, F. tertii interno'dii seu longis'simus pol-
licis ; (F.) Radio-p)h(dangettien du jtouce, — (Ch.)
Situate at the anterior and profound jiart of the
forearm. It arises from the upper three quarters
of the anterior surface of the radius and interos-
FLEXURA
397
FLUELLEN
jeous lignmcnt, nnd is inserted, by a tendon, into
the anterior surface of the last phalanx of the
thumt). It bends the second phalanx of the
thumb on the first; the first on the corresponding
metacarpal bone, and this upon the radius. It
can, also, bend the hand on the forearm.
Flkxou LoNGirs Pol'licis Pkdis, /'. llnl'lncin
seu I'ollicl» !ou!/iis, (F.) Peroiieo-phala7}i/ien flu
grot ortpi'l, Loncj JlechlHueur du gros orteif, I'eroneo-
goHH-l'kdlnniiKUie.ti flu ponce,— (Ch.) It is situate
at the posterior and profound part of the leg. It
arises from the posterior surface of the fibula and
the interosseous ligament, and is inserted, by
means of a long tendon, into the inferior part of
the first phalanx of the great toe. It bends the
third phalanx on the first, and this upon the cor-
responding metatarsal bone. It augments the
concavity of the sole of the foot, and extends the
foot on the leg.
Flkxor Pauviis Min'imi Dig"iti, F. hrrvis
minimi tlii/iti nmniis, Abductor minimi difjiti, Hij-
poth'eiicir RioUi'ni seu minimi digiti, (F.) Carpo-
phalnnr/ien dn petit doiijt — (Ch.), Court JiScliissettr
du petit doi;/t. It arises from the anterior an-
nular ligament of the carpus and the process of
the 03 unciforrae, and is inserted at the inner side
of the superior extremity of the first phalanx of
the little finger. It bends the first phalanx of the
little finger.
Ft.KXoii Pkrporans, F. profundus perforans —
f. Perforatus, F. sublimis perforatus — f. Primi
internoilii, Opponens polliois — f. Primi internodi^
digitorum manfls, Lumbricalis mantis — f. Primi
et secundi ossis pollicis, F. brevis poUicis manfls.
Flexor Phofu.n'dus Pru'forans, F. Profun-
dus seu Per'/oriius seu ter'tii interna' dii fligito'-
ritm mftuds, Perforans mandu ; (F.) Cuhito-jyhalfin-
gettien commnn — (Ch.), Flechinseur prfifond firs
doigts. A thick, flat, long muscle, seated beneath
the Flcxomulilimin per/oriitus. Its upper extremity
is simple, and arises from theanfcriorsurface of the
ulna and from the interosseus ligament. Its infe-
rior extremity terminates by four tendons, which,
after having passed through slits in the sub-
limis, are inserted into the anterior surface of tlie
last phalanges of the four fingers. It bends
the third phalanges on the second, and, in other
respects has the same use as the fle.xor sublimis
perforatus.
Flexor Secundi Internodii Digitorum Pedis,
F. brevis digitorum pedis — f. Tertii internodii, F.
longus pollicis manfls — f. Tertii internodii digito-
rum mands, F. profundus perforans — f. Tertii in-
ternodii digitorum pedis, F. longus digitorum
pedis profundus perforans — f. Ossis metacarpi
pollicis, Opponens pollicis — f. Perforatus pedis,
F. brevis digitorum pedis — f. Sublimis, F. brevis
digitorum pedis.
Flexor Subli'mis Perfora'tus, F. Perfora'-
tnn, (V.) ^FKcki Sueur sublime ou superjiciel des
doigts, Epitrohlo-phfdanginien commun, — (Ch.)
It is a thick, flat, muscle, seated at the anterior
part of the forearm. Its upper extremity, which
is simple, arises from the internal condyle of the
OS humeri ; — from the coronoid process of the
ulna, and from the anterior edge of the radius.
Its lower extremity divides into four tendons,
which slide under the anterior annular ligament
of the carpus, and are inserted into the second
phalanges of the last four fingers, after having
been slit to allow the tendons of the flexor pro-
fundus to pass through them. This muscle bends
the second phalanges on the first; these on the
carpal bones, and the hand on the forearm.
FLEXUR.V, Curvature— f. Iliaca, Sigmoid
flexure — f. Sigmoidea, Sigmoid flexure.
FLICK, Epiploon.
FLIXWKI']!), Sisymbrium sophia.
FLOATING, IliBuiorrhagia.
FLOCCI, see Villous membranes— f. Volitantcs,
see Metamorphopsia.
FLOCCILATION, Carphologia.
FLOCCILECJIUM, Carphologia.
FLOCCITATION, Carphologia.
FLOCCORUM VEXATIO, Carphologia.
FLOCCULI, see Villous membranes.
FLOCCULUS; diminutive of Jioccus, ' a lock
of wool' — Pneumoiffis'tric lob'ule, Lob'ulus pnen-
mof/Ks'tricua. A long and slender prominence,
extending from the side of the vallecula around
the corpus restiforme to the crus cerebelli, lying
behind the filaments of the pneumogastric nerves,
FLO/i BE MISTELA, see Mistura.
FLORENCE, CLIMATE OF. This agreeable
Italian city is by no means a favourable residence
for the phthisical invalid. Sir James Clark af-
firms, indeed, that he does not know any class
of invalids for whom Florence offers a favourable
residence. It is subject to sudden vicissitudes
of temperature, and to cold, piercing winds du-
ring the vvinter and spring.
FLORES BENZOES, Benjamin, flowers of—
f. Boraeis, Eoracic acid — f. Cosso, see Hagenia
Abyssinica — f. Macidos, see Myristica moschat.t
f. Macis, Mace — f. Martiales, Ferrumammoniatum
— f. Salis ammoniaci martiales, Ferrum ammo-
niatum.
FLORIDA, CLIMATE OF.see Saint Augustine.
Florida, Waters of. Near Long Lake, in
Florida, United States, which communicates with
St. John's Kiver by a small creek, there is a vast
fountain of hot mineral water, issuing from a
bank of the river. From its odour it would seem
to be sulphureous.
F LOR ION, Influenza.
FLOS, Anthos. A flower. Also, the finest and
noblest part of the body, and virginity.
Flos, Jovis, Crocus — f. Lactis, Creinor laetis — •
f. Salis, Soda, snbcarbonate of — f. Sanguineus
monardi, Tropajolum majus — f. Trinitatis, Viola
tricolor — f. Virginitatis, Hymen.
FLOUR, COLD, Pinoli.
Flour, Patent, Jones's. A farinaceous pre-
paration, which is said to consist of wheat-flour,
with tartaric acid and carbonate of soda.
Flour, Potato, see Solanum tuberosum.
FLOWER DE LUCE. Iris Germ.anica.
FLOWERS, Flores, (F.) Fleurs. The ancient
ehymists gave this name to different solid and
volatile substances obtained liy sublimation. The
term is not yet entirely banished from chymical
and medical language, as Flowers of Beiijfimin,
Flowers (f Sulphur, ic.
Flowers, Menses.
Flowers, Four Carjiin'ative, Qunt' nor form
cnrminati'vi, were chamomile, dill, fever-few, and
melilot.
Flowers, Four Cor'dial, Qunt'uor flares car-
flifi'les, were formerly, borage, bugloss, roses, and
violets.
FLUCTUATIO, Fluctuation— f. Aurium, Tin-
nitus anrium.
FLUCTUA'TION, Fluctun'tio, from fuctnnre.
ftictufttum, (f actus, 'a wave,') 'to undulate.'
Uuduln'tio, (P.) Ondulntion. The undulation
of a fluid collected in any natural or artificial
cavity, which is felt by pressure or by percussion,
properly practised — periph'eric fuctu/ition. In
ascites, the fluctuation is felt liy one of the hands
being applied to one side of the abdomen whilst
the other side is struck with the other hand. lu
abscesses, fluctuation is perceived by pressing on
the tumour, with one or two fingers alternate!}',
on opposite points.
Fluctuation, Peripheric, see Fluctuation — f.
Rhonchal, see Rhonchal — f. by Succussion, see
Succussion.
FLUELLEN, Antirhinum elatine.
FLUELLIN
398
F(ETAL
FLUELLIN, Veronica.
FLU BURS, Menses — /. Blanches, Leucor-
rha'a.
FLUID, Fln'idnn, from fiiere, 'to flow.' The
human body is chiefly composed of fluids. If
one, weighing 120 pounds, be thoroughly dried
in an oven, the remains will be found not to
weigh more than 12 or 13 pounds; so tliat the
proportion of fluids to liquids in the body is
about 9 or 10 to 1.
Table op Fluids of the Human Body.
3. Exhaled or
Perspiratory.
4. Follicular.
5. Glaudular.
Blood.
Lymph.
("Transpiration of the mucous,
serous, and synovial mem-
branes ; of the areolar mem-
brane; of the adipous cells ;
of the medullary membrane;
of the interior of the thyroid
gland; of the thymus; sui)ra-
renal capsules; eye; ear;
vertebral canal, &c.
' Sebaceous humour of the skin ;
cerumen; gum of the eye;
mucus of the mucous glands
and follicles; that of the
tonsils, of the glands of the
cardia, the environs of the
anus, the prostate, <fec.
Tears; saliva; pancreatic fluid;
bile; cutaneous transpiration;
urine; fluid of the glands of
Cowper ; sperm; milk; of
the testes and mammae of
the new-born child.
FLuin, Burnett's Disinfecting, see Burnett
• — f. Cephalo-rachidian, Cephalo-spinal fluid
— f. Cephalo-spinal, Cephalo-spinal fluid — f.
Cerebro-spinal, Cephalo-spinal fluid — f. Deodo-
rizing, Ellerman's, see Elloruian — f. Ledoyen's
Disinfecting, see Ledoyen — f. of Scarpa, Vitrine
auditive — f. Subarachnoidcan, Cephalo-spinal
fluid.
FLUIDE SEMINAL, Sperm.
FLUIDUM NERVEUM, Nervous fluid — f.
Ccrebro-spinale, Cephalo-spinal fluid.
FLUKE, Distoma hepaticum — f. Liver, Disto-
ma hepaticum.
FLUMEN DYSENTERTCUM, Dysentery.
FLUMMERY, (Scotch) Soweun. A preparation
of oat«ieal, which forms a light article of food
during convalescence. It may be made as fol-
lows:— Take oi oatmeal or i/roats, a quart. Rub
with two quarts of hot water, and let the mixture
stand until it becomes sour; then add another
quart of hot tvater, and strain through a hair sieve.
Let it stand till a white sediment is deposited;
decant, and wash the sediment with cold water.
Boil this with fresh water till it forms a mucilage,
stirring the whole time.
FLUOR, Flu.\ — f. Albus Intestinorum, Coeliac
flu.x — f. Albus malignus. Gonorrhoea impura — f.
Mulicbris, Leucorrhoea — f. Muliebris non Galli-
cus, Leucorrhcea — f. Sanguinis piilmonuin. Hae-
moptysis— f. Sanguinis vesicae, Cystorrhagia.
FLUSH, Flmhing. (F.) Jioiigeiim, Boiiff'ee de
Chaleiir; from (G.) 'Fliessen, 'to flow.'' The
temi)orary redness and heat produced liy accumu-
lation of blood in the capillaries of the face; as
the sudden 'Jlush' or ' blimh of emotion ;' the 'flush
of hectic'
FLUX, Fluxnn, Profn'viinn, Fluor, fromfltiere,
' to flow.' A discharge. Rhysis. In nosology,
it comprises a series of affections, the principal
f:ymptom of which is the discharge of a fluid,
Generally it is employed for dysentery.
Flux, Bil'ious, Fiuxus biliu'imi. A discharge
of bile, either by vomiting or by stool, or by both,
as in cholera.
Flux, Bloody, Dysentery — /. de Tiouvhe. Sa-
livation— /. Broiichiqne, Broncborriiwa — /. Dij.
senterique, Dysentery — f. Hemorrhoidal, see Ji;e-
morrhois — /. Heputiquc, Ilcpatirrha'a — f. Men-
strual, Menses — /. Jliic/iicu.r, Catarrh — /. Mn.
queux de I'estomac, Gastrorrhoea — /. MiiqneiiT de
la veisie, Cystirrhosa — f. Root, Asclepias tiibe-
rosa — f. Sativaire, Salivation — f. de Sony, Ihc-
morrhagia. Dysentery — f. Sebaceous, Steiiirliwa
--■/. de Speniie, Spermatorrha'a — /. de Siniir,
Epliidrosis — f. Weed, Sysimbriuni sophia— _/".
d' Urine, Diabetes — /. de Ventre, Diarrhoea.
FLUXIO. Fluxion— f. Alba, Leucorrhcea— f.
Arthritica, (>out — f. Vulvae, Leucorrhcea.
FLUX'ION, Flux'io, Afflux'us. A flow of
blood or other humour towards any organ with
greater force than natural. A dttcnniiKilion.
Thus we say, in those disposed to apoplexy,
there is a fluxion or determination of blood to
the head.
FLUXION CATARRHALE, Catarrh-/. «,.,•-
les Dents, Odontalgia.
FLUXION DE POITRINE, (F.) By tins
name, the French often understand acute pnlmo-
nary catarrh, or pleurisy, but most commonly
peripnenmony.
FLUXUS, Discharge — f. Alvinus, Diarrlicca-
f. Capillorum, Alopecia — f. Chylosus, Coeliac flux
— f. Coeliacus, Coeliac flux — f. Coeliacus per Hones,
Chyluria — f. Cruentus cum tenesmo, Dysentery
— f. Dysentericus, Dysentery — f. Hepaticus, Ile-
patirrboea, see Hepateros — f. Lientericus, Lien-
tery — f. Lunaris, Menses — f. Matricis, Leueor-
rhcea — f. Menstrualis, Menstruation — f. Men-
struus. Menses — f. Muliebris, Leucorrhcea — f.
Salivae, Salivation — f. Sebaceous, Stearrhu'a — f.
Splenicus, Malajna — f. Venereus, Gonorrhoea im-
pura— f. Ventricnli, Gastrorrhoea.
FLY-GOLDING, Coccinella septem punctata.
FLY-POISON, Amianthum inusea;to.\ionni.
FLYTRAP, Apocynum andros£emifoliuui, Sar-
racenia.
FOALFOOT, Tussilago.
FOC'ILE. The name was formerly given to
the bones of the leg, as well as to those of the
forearm.
FociLE Majus, Tibia — f. Inferius sou majns,
Ulna — f. Minus, Fibula — f. Minus sen superius,
Radius.
FOCUS APOPLECTICUS, Apoplectic ceU.
FGKCUNDATIO, Fecundation.
FffiCUNDlTAS. Fecundity.
FffiCUNDUS, Fecund.
F(EDI COLORES, Chlorosis.
FffiMEN, Perinaoum.
FCEMINA, Female.
FG5MINESCENTIA, Feminescenee.
FffiNICULUM.Anethum— f. Aquaticum, Phel-
landrium aquaticum — f. Erraticum, Peucedanum
silaus — f. Marinum, Crithmum maritinium — f.
Officinale, Anethum — f. Porcinum, Peucedanum
— f. Yulgare, Anethum.
FCENUGREEK. Trigonella foenum.
FtENUM CAMELORUM, Juncus odoratus—
f. (Jriocuin, Trigonella foenum.
FCETAB'ULUM. An encysted abscess.— Mar-
cus Aurelius Severinus.
FCETAL, Foeta'lis. Eclating to the foetus. A
name given to the parts connected with the fa-tus.
Thus we say — the futal surface of the placenta,
in contradistinction to the uterine or inalernnl
surface.
FcETAL CmcuLATiON differs from that of the
adult in several respects. Commencing with the
placenta, where it probably undergoes some change
analogous to what occurs in the lungs in extra-
FCETATION
3 99
FOLLICULI GRAAFIAXI
uterine existence, the blood proceeds by the um-
bilical vein m> far as the liver, where a part of it is
poured into the vena porta; the otiier proceeds into
the vena cava inferior; the latter, having; received
the siiplirahepatic veins, pours its blood into the
right auricle. From the right auricle, a part of
the blood is sent into the right ventricle; the rest
jinsses directly through into the left auricle, by
the foramen ovale. When the right ventricle
contracts, the blood is sent into the pulmonary
artery; but as the function of respiration is not
going on, no more blood passes to the lungs than
is necessary for their nutrition; the remainder
goes directly through the ductus arteriosus into
the aorta. The blood, received by the left auricle
from the lungs, as well as that which passed
through the foramen ovale, is transmitted into
the left ventricle; by the contraction of which it
is sent into the aorta, and by means of the um-
bilical arteries, which arise from the hypogastric,
it is returned to the placenta.
FcETAL Hkad. The diameters of this at the
full period, are as follows:—!. The nipanetal or
ti-aiiHcei-ne, extending from one parietal protube-
rance to the other, and measuring 3J inches. 2.
The TempontI, from one temple to another, 3
inches. 3. The Occipito-mentnl, from the occiput
to the chin; the greatest of all, 5 inches. 4. The
Ocripitii-froutnl or (Uitero-ponterior, 4J or 4i
inches. 5. The Cervico-breymatic, from the nape
of the neck to the centre of the anterior fonta-
rclle. 6. The Froiito-meutal, from the foreliead
to the chin, about 3^ inches. 7. The Tracheb,.
hmjiiifillc, from the front of the neck to the ante-
rior fonumellc, 3J inches. 8. The Vertical rl!,i-
meter, from the verte.x to the base of the cranium.
FfKTAL NcTitiTioN, Cyotrophy.
FCETATION, Pregnancy.
FCE'TICIDE, Fcrticid'iiim, from fcetiis, and
o«f/'/'e, ' to kill ;' Aljorticid'ium. Criminal abor-
tion.
FfRTIDUS, Fetid.
FCETOR, Dysodia.
FtKTOR Alauum. The disagreeable rank odour
exhaled from the a.xillas.
FfKTon Oris, Breath, offensive.
FCETUS, Fetus, C'l/e'ma, Onun reiitris, Snr'cina.
' The young of any creature.' The unborn child.
(F.) FetiiH, Faix. By Kvnita, C'ye'mn, Jlippocrates
meant the fecundated, but still imperfect, germ.
It corresponded with the term embrijo, as now
used ; whilst t^/Spuov, ' embryo,' signified the fcetu.s
at a more advanced stage of the utero-gestation.
The majority of anatomists apply to the germ the
name embnjo, which it retains until the third
month of gestation, and with some until the pe-
riod of quickening; whilst /w<»« is applied to it
in its latter stages. The terms are, however,
often used indiscriminately. AVhen the ovule
has been fecundated in the ovarium, it proceeds
slowly towards, and enters the uterus, with which
it becomes ultimately connected by means of the
placenta. When first seen, the 'foetus has the
form of a gelatinous flake, which some have com-
pared to an ant, a grain of barley, a worm curved
upon itself, Ac. The foetal increment is veiy
rapid in the first, third, fourth, and si.xth months
of its formation, and at the end of nine njonths
it has attained its full dimensions — Enfant ii
teniie. Generally, there is but one foetus in utero ;
sometimes, there are two; rarely three. The
foetus presents considerable difference in its shape,
weight, length, situation in the womb, propor-
tion of its various parts to each other, arrange-
ment and texture of its organs, state of its func-
tions at different periods of gestation, <fec. Ail
these differences are important in an obstetrical
and medico-legal point of view. The following-
table exiiibits the length and weight of the fcetus
at different periods of gestation, on the authority
of different observers. Their discordance is stri-
king. It is proper to remark, that the Paris
pound — Poicl (le Jl/nrc — of 16 ounces, contains
9216 Paris grains, whilst the avoirduiiois contains,
only 8532,5 Paris grains, and that the Paris inch
is 1.065977 English inch.
Maygrier.
Granville.
At 30 days,
2 months,
3
4 "
5 "
6 "
7 "
Length.
3 to 5 lines
2 inches
3* "
5 to 6 "
7 to 9 "
9 to 12 "
12toU "
16 "
10 to 12 lines
4 inches
6 "
5 "
10 "
12 "
14 "
16 .'
inch
inches
9 inches
12 "
17 "
MArCRlER.
Granville.
Weight.
2 ounces
2 to 3 "
4 to 5 "
9 to 10 "
1 to 2 lbs.
2 to 3 "
3 to 4 "
9 or 10 grains
5 drachms
2i ounces
7 or 8 •'
16 "
2 pounds
3
4 "
20 grains
li ounces
1 pound
2 to 4 "
4 to 5 "
FfETUS, Pregnant — f. in Foetu, Cryptodidy-
nius.
FfETtis Skptimics'tris. a seven months' foetus.
FiETi's ZKpnvijitis, M(de.
F()lh\ Liver—/. iV AniimnUie, Oxidura stibii
siilphurrtmn- /. de Sonfre, Potassae sulphuretum.
FOf.V DE CHAMEAU, Juncus odoratus.
FOfROLE, Mercurialis.
FOM.y APALACHINES, see Ilex Para-
giien-iis— f. PerasiUio, Ilex Parajruensis.
FOLI.VCEUM ORNAMENTUM, see Tuba
FalliMMiina.
FOLIE, Insanity^^/*. Alcooliqiifi, Delirium tre-
nie!t«— ■/' din frroi/iicn. Delirium tremens.
FOLLETTE, Atriplex hortensis. Influenza.
FOL'LICLK, Fidlic'iiliia, Ci/stia, diminutive of
Fidlis. a bag. See Crypta.
Foi.i.ii'LKS. Ciliary. IMcibomius, glands of
i". of De Graaf, FoUiculi Graaliaui — f. Hair, see
Hair — f. of Lieberkiihn, see Intestine — f. Nail,
see Nail — f. Palpebral. Meibomius, glands of
— f. Solitary, Brunner's glands— f. Synovial,
Bursas mucosse.
FOLLICULAR, FnUic'tdous, FulUc'uloxe, Fol-
Jiculo'xu^, (F.) FulliculeKx, from 'follicle.' Re-
lating or appertaining to a follicle,— as 'fo/Hodar
inflammation,' inflammation affectinjr crvnts or
follicles, Fo/licdi'tix. ° •^'
Follicular Elevations, Tubercles, pearly.
FOLLiaULE, Crypta--/. Ciliaire, Meibotnius,
gland of—/, ('enmineiixe, Ceruminous glands —
f. Dentmre, Dental follicle—/. Palpebral, Meibo-
mius, glands of.
FOLLWULES DE (7^^^/; Folliculi Graaf-
ian i.
FOLLICULI GRAAFIA'NI, F. Orrt'rH, Ora
seu O'vnh, Granfin'nn, Folliclen of Vesh-les of Be
Gracif, Graajian or Ova'riaii vea'kks, {¥.)' Fol~
FOLLICULITIS
400
FORAMEN
licules ou Venlcules de Graaf. Small sphericjil
vesicles in the stroma of the ovary, which have
nt least two coats ; the outer termed ocicapmde
and ttiiiic of the ovieac, tu'nica fibro'sa and thcca
fitllic'uli ; the latter, ovisac and memhrn'iia pro-
pi-i'a ; reiicnle ovulifere of M. Pouchet. See
Membrana granulosa. They exist in the foetus.
The ovum — ovule of some — is contained in, and
formed by, them.
Kolliker terms the follicles themselves, O'vhncs,
Ovkac'ci. The interior of the follicles contains
a cl ar, light yellowish fluid — liquor fidlic'nli — of
the density of the serum of the blood, in which
are, almost always, isolated granules, nuclei and
cells, which appear to be detached portions of the
membrana granulosa.
FoLLicuLi Ovarii, FoUiculi Graafian! — f. Ro-
tundi et Oblongi cervicis uteri, Nabothi glandulsB
— f. Sanguinis. Globules of the blood — f. Sebacei,
Sebaceous glands — f. Sebacei corona glandis,
see Sebiiceous glands.
FOLLICULITIS, Follicular inflammation.
FOLLICULOSK GLAND, Crypta.
FOLLICULUS, Vulva.
FoLLic'uLiTS A'eius, AI r-chnmher. A space at
the larger end of the bird's egg, formed by a se-
paration of the two layers of the shell membrane,
vphich is inservient to the respiration of the young
being.
FoLLicuLDS Dentis, Dental Follicle — f. Fellis,
Gall-bladder — f. Genitalis, Scrotum — f. Mucosus,
see Cry|)ta — f. Pili, see Hair.
FOMENT, Fove're, (F.) Etnver, Bassiner. To
apply a fomentation to a part.
FOMENTA'TION, Fomenta'tio, Fotwi, Py'ria,
Thernias'nici, Chliiis'nia, jJSoiie'sis, Per/n'sio, As-
jier'aio, Fomeu'tum, (quasi /ou('me»/inH,) from /o-
vere, 'to bathe.' (F.) HydroU, Ihjdrolotif. A
sort of partial bathing, by the application of
cloths which have been previously dipped in hot
water, or in some medicated decoction. They
act, chiefly, by virtue of their warmth and mois-
ture, except in the case of narcotic fomentations,
where some additional efi"ect is obtained.
A dfji foiiieittdtion, Fomeu'tum eiccum, Lec'tnhts
medlca'tus, is a warm, dry application to a part ;
— as a hot brick, wrapped in flannel; — a bag,
half filled with chamomile flowers made hot, &e.
Fomentation Herbs, HerhcB pro fotu. The
herbs, ordinarily sold under this title by the Eng-
lish apothecary, are — soutJierntoood, topn of nea
wor/nwood, ehnmomile floicern, each two parts; hoy
leaves, one part. Jiijss of these to Ovj of water.
FOMENTUM, Fomentation — f. Siccum, see
Fomentation.
FOMES MORBL F. mali. The/ocws or seat
of any disease. (F.) Foyer.
FoMEs Vkntriculi, Hypochondriasis, Spleen.
FOM'ITES, plural ot fomes, fomitis, 'fuel, any
thing which retains heat.' Eudus'ma, Zop'yron.
A term applied to substances which are supposed
to retain contagious effluvia j as woollen goods,
feathers, cotton, &e.
FONCTIOy, Function.
FONCTIONNEL, FunctionaL
FOND, Fundus.
FOXDAMENTAL, FundamentaL
FONDANT, Solvent.
FONDE.VENT, Anus.
FONDLING, Idiot.
FONGIFORME, Fungoid.
FONGOJDE, Yangoxd.
FONGOSITE, Fungosity.
FONGUEUX, Fungous.
FOXGUS, Fungus—/. MiduUaire, Encepha-
loid.
FONS, Fontanella — f. Lacrj-marum, see Can-
thus — f. Medicatus, Water, mineral — t. I'lil.-ians,
Fontanella — f. Pulsatilis, Fontanclhi — f. Saluta-
ris. Water, mineral — f Soterius, Water, mineral
— f. Vitalis, Centrum vitale.
FONSANGE, MINERAL WATERS OP.
Fonsange is situated near Nismes iu France.
The water is sulpiiuretteJ.
FONTAINE DE LA T^TE, see Fontanella.
FONTA'NA, CANAL OF. A canal of a tri-
angular shape, at tlie inner side of the ciliary
circle; partly formed by tlio groove at the inner
edges of the cornea and sclerotica.
FONTANEL'LA. A /o/i/fuif/ ;— diminutive
of foiis, fontis, 'a fountain.' (F.) Foutuuetle,
Fous, F. jjulsat'ilis seu ptilsaus, Vertex put',
pitatis, Bregma, Foiitlc'ulus, Lacu'nri, Mould,
The opeuiuf/ of the head. A name, given to a
space occupied by a cartilaginous membrane, in
the foetus and new-born child, and situate at tlie
union of the angles of the bones of the cranium.
There are six fontanels. 1. The yreat or siiivip'.
itfd or anterior, foutie'uhts (juddraui/uld'rin, Fuu-
tniue de la Tete, situate at the junction of tlie
sagittal and coronal sutures. 2. The iiiu(dl ur
bregmat'ic or posterior, situate at the (lart wliere
the posterior and superior angles of the parietal
bones unite with the upper part of the os occi-
pitis. 3. The tioo sphen<iid<d, in the temporal
fossaj ; and, 4. Tiie two mastoid, or of Casseriu.'",
Foutic'uli masto'ides seu Casse'ril, at the uniou
of the parietal, occipital, and temporal bones.
FONTE, Colliquation.
FONTES, see Fons— f. Medicati Plumbnrii,
Plomhieres, mineral waters of — f. Sulphurci ea-
lidi, Waters, mineral, sulphureous.
FONTWULE A POJS, see Fonticulus.
FONTIC'ULUS, Foutanel'la, Exato'rium, Ea-'-
utory. Issue, (F.) Fontieule, Cautere, Exntoire.
Diminutive of fous, fontis, 'a fountain.' A sniall
ulcer produced by art, either by the aid of caus-
tics or of cutting instruments; the discharge frnin
which is kept up with a view to fulfil ceiiiiin tbe-
rapeutical indications. The Pea isnue, (F.) Fnu-
ticnle u puis, is kept up by mean.s of a pen, placed
in it. This pea, (F.) Pais d cautere, is sometimes
formed of wa.K ; at others, the young, blasted
fruit of the orange is employed. The coniumn
dried garden pea answers the purpose. The seion
is also an issue.
Fonticulus Casserii, see Fontanella — f. Mas-
toideus, see Fontanella — f. Quadrangularis, see
Fontanella.
FOOD, Aliment — f. Farinaceous, see Farina-
ceous—f. of the Gods, Asafoetida.
Food, Prince of Wales's. A farinaceous pre-
paration, which is used in the same cases as ar-
row-root, is said to consist entirely of potato-
flour.
FOOL'S STONES, MALE, Orchis mascula
FOOT, Pes- f. Flat, see Kyllosis— f. (Jrift'on's,
Grvphius pes.
FOOTLING CASE. A presentation of the foot
or feet in parturition.
FORA'MEN, Trema, from foro, 'I pierce.'
Aulos, (F.) Trou. Any cavity, pierced through
and through. Also, the orifice of a canal.
Foramen Alveolare Anterius, see Palatine
canals^f. Alveolare posterius, see Palatine caniils
— f. Amplum pelvis, Obturatoriuni foramen — f.
Anonymum Ferroinii, see Aquaaductus Fallnpii
— f. Aquaeductus Fallopii, F. stylomastoideum —
f. Auditorium externum, see Auditory canal, ex-
ternal— f. Auditorium internum, sec' Anditury
canal, internal — f. of 15ichat, see Canal, arachnoid
— f. of Botal, see Botal foramen — f. C;ecum ossis
maxillaris superioris, see Palatine canals.
Foramen Ciscum of tue Medul'la Oblox-
FORATIO
401
FORMICA
OATA or of ViCQ. p'Azyr; (Fr.) Tron hovfjne. A
tolcralily deep fossa at the point^where the me-
dian furrow at the anterior surface of the me-
dulla oblongata meets the pons.
FoiiAMEN C/KCUM OP THE ToNGUR, See Caecum
foramen, and Tongue — f. Carotid, see Carotica
foramina.
Foka'men Ckntra'lb et Limbus Lu'teus Ket'-
l\M. The central foramen and yellow spot of the
retina; discovered by Somraeriiig ; 3fac'ula lu'-
tea, JIava sou an'rea, (F.) 1'aclie jnnne. It is
situate about two lines to the outside of the optic
nerve, and in the direction of the axis of the eye.
FoiiAMEN Commune Antekh's, Vulva — f. Com-
rnune posterius, see Anus — f. Condyloid, see Con-
dyloid— f. Conjugationis, see Conjugation — f. Eth-
moideum, Orbitar foramen, internal— f. Incisivuin,
pee Palatine canal — f. Infraorbitarium, eeo Sub-
orbitar canal — f. Infrapubianum, Obturatorium
foramen — f. Jugulare, Laceruin posterius foramen
— f. Lacerum in basi cranii, Lacerum posterius
foramen — f. Lacerum inferius, Sphenomaxillary
fissure — f. Laceruin superius, Sphenoidal fissure
— f. Magnum, see Occipital bone — f. Mastoid, see
Mastoid foramen — f. Mental, see Mental foramen.
Foramen of Monro, Fora'meit Mmiroia'num.
An opening behind the anterior pillar of the for-
nix, somewhat above the anterior commissure,
by which the third ventricle communicates with
the lateral ventricle; so callt^d after the second
Monro.
Foramen op Morgagni, see CiBcum foramen
and Tongue — f. Obturatorium, Obturator foramen
— f. Oculi, Pupil — f. ffisophageum (of the dia-
phragm,) see ffisophagus, and (Esophageal aper-
ture of the diaphragm — f. Oodes, Ovale foramen
— f. Opticum, Optic foramen — f. Opticum Cho-
rioidcic, see Optic nerves — f. Orbitarium inter-
num, Orbitar foramen, internal — f. Orbitarium
superius, Orbitar foramen, sufierior, F. supra-
oriiitarium — f. Ovale, Eotal foramen. Fenestra
ovalis, Obturatorium foramen, Ovale foramen — f.
Ovale, patency of the, see Cyanopathy — f. Pala-
tinum anterius, sec Palatine canals — f. Palatinum
posterius, see Palatine canals — f. Pabito-maxil-
laro, sec Palatine canals — f. Rotuiidutn, Fenestra
rotunda — f. Spheno-spinosum, Spinale foramen —
f. Spinale, Spinal foramen — f. Spinosnm, Spinal
foramen — f. Tarini, see Aquasduetus Fallopii —
f. Thyroideum, Obturatorium foramen — f. of
Winslow, Hiatus of Winslow.
Foramina Cribrosa, see Cribratus.
Foram'ina Thebe'.sii. Openings resembling
vascular orifices, found below the orilice of the
vena cava superior in the right auricle, wiiich are
supposed to be the openings of veins.
FORATIO, Trepanning.
FORCE, from/o/7i"«, 'strong.' Vis, Poten'tia,
Enerji'a, Di/'iiamis, Cratos. Any power which
produces an action. Those powers \yhich are in-
herent in organization are called vital force/i. We
say, also, or</nnic force, and niHScitlar force, to
designate that of the organs in general, or of the
muscles in particular. To the latter the word
Bi/nnniis, fwa/in, corresponds; and the absence of
this force is termed ndtjna'mia. The ritnl forcex
have to be carefully studied by the pathologist.
The doctrine of diseases is greatly dependent on
their augmentation or diminution; freedom or
oppression, <fec.
FoROE OP AssiMiiiATiON, Plastic force — f. Cata-
lytic, see Catalysis— f. Cell, see Cell force— f. of
Formation, Plastic force — f. Germ, Plastic force
— /. Medicatrice, Vis mcdioatrix — f. Metabolic,
see Metabolic force — f. of Nutrition, Plastic force
— f. Osmotic, see Osmotic force — f. of Vegetation,
Plastic force— f. Vital, Vis vitalis— /. Vitale, Vis
vital is.
FORCE-REAL, MINERAL WATERS OF.
26
The name of a mountain, situate four leagncs
from Perpignan in France. The water is chaly-
beate.
FORCEPS, quasi, /erricep*, from ferriim, ' iron,'
and cnpio, 'I take.' Pincem, Lahig, Vohel'tas.
An instrument, for removing bodies which it
would be inconvenient or impracticable to seize
with the fingers. (F.) Pince, Pincette. There
are various kinds of forceps, L The ordinary
kind, contained in every dressing-case, for re-
moving lint, &c. from wounds or ulcers. (F.) Pin-
ce (I panseineiit oil et ainieaiix. 2. Disxecting or
Li(l'<iture or Arte' rial Forccpn, (F.) Pince a tlii-
aection, P. a tii/atnre, to lay bold of delicate part>.
3. Pol'ypns Forcepn. Tooth Forcepn, Forcepn if
StuHeujc for laying hold of the tonsils or other
parts to bo removed. 4., The Bullet Forccj,i,
Strombnl'cHK, (F.) Tirehalle. 5. The Lithot'tmnj
Forceps, Litliol'ahon, Lilliago'ijinn, Tenac'n/o,
Vohel'la, which resembles the Craniotomy For.
ccps, (F.) Tenettes. 6. The Cataract Force/is, (F. )
Pince d Cataracte, resembling the dissecting for-
ceps, but much finer. 7. The Pince a r/aine, tlie
branches of which can l)e brought together, an. I
retained by a movable sheath.
Forceps is also an instrument used by obstetri-
cal practitioners to embrace the head, and bring
it through the pelvis. It consists of two brancher,
blades or levers ; one of which, in the case of tbij
short forceps, is passed over the ear of the chihi,
and the other opposite the former, so that the
blades may lock. When the head is securel}' in-
cluded between the blades, the operation of ex-
traction can be commenced. See Parturition.
Forceps, see Corpus callosum — f. Anterior, see
Corpus callosum — f. Arterial, see Forceps — t'.
Bullet, sec Forceps — f. Craniotomy, see Forceps
— f. Deceptoria, see Forceps — f. Lithotomy, see
Forceps — f. of Museux, see Forceps — f. Polypus,
see Forceps— f. Tooth, see Forceps.
FORD'S BALSAM OF IIOREHOUND, see
Balsam of horehound.
FOREARM, Antibra'chinm, Pyrpne, Parsinfc'-
rior bra'chii, (Jn'hitus, (F.) Avaut-braa. The part
of the upper extremity, comprised between the
arm and the hand. It is composed of two bones
— radins and n/na — and 20 muscles.
FOREFRONT, Front.
FO HE HE AD, Front.
FORE-MILK, Colostrum.
FOREIGN BODY. Extraneous body.
FORENSIC ANATOMY, see Anatomy — f.
Medicine, Medicine, legal.
FOBES, Genital organs.
FORESKIN, Prepuce.
FORETOP, Front.
FOllFEX, Ciseau, Scissors — f. Dentaria, Den-
tagra.
FORFIC'ULA AURICULA'RIA. Eanrifj. An
insect of the Order Orthoptera, which occasion-
ally enters the meatus auditorius externus, an.il
excites inten.s'e pain. It may be destroyed by
tobacco-smoke, or by oil poured into the meatus.
FORGES, MINERAL WATERS OF. Forges
is situate four leagues from Gouriiay, in the de-
partment of Seine Inferieure, France. Ther«
are three springs, which are acidulous ehaly-
beates. These are called Royal, Reinette, and Cur-
dittal, in honor of Louis XIIL, Queen Anne <f
Austria, and Cardinal Richelieu, who used them.
FORMATIVE, Plastic.
FOR.Mr(LA, Jfyrmcjc. The ant or pismire.
(F.) Foiirmi. It contains an acid juice and gross
oil, which were formerly extolled as aphrodisiacs.
The chrysalides of the animal are said to be
diuretic and carminative: and have been used in
dropsy. 2. Also the name of a black wart, rcr-
rii'cn formica'ritr, with a broad base and cleft
surface; so called because the pain atteuding it
FORMICANT
402
FOSSETTE
resembles the biting of an ant, ixvpiinnta, myrvie'- i
c/n.- -Forestus. 3. A varico.^e tumour on the
anus and glans penis. 4. Miliary lierpes.
Formica Ambulatoria, Herpes circinatus —
f. Corrosiva, Herpes exedens.
FORM'ICANT, Formi'cam, Myrme'chnn, from
fonnlc'i, 'an ant.' (F.) Fonniiillaiit. An epi-
thet given to the pulse, I'ulxas formi'vans, when
extremely small, scarcely perceptible, unequal,
and communicating a sensation like that of the
motion of an ant through a thin texture.
FORMICA'TION, Fnrmicn'tio, Mi/rmeeia-!'-
miiH, ilijnneci'iiiiig, Myrmecia'nius, 3f}/rmec<t'niii,
Stupor furml'caiix. Same etymon. (F.) Fonr-
miHeiiioit. A pain, compared with that which
would be caused by a number of ants creeping
on a part.
FORMIX, Herpes esthiomenus.
FORMULA, Prescription — f. Extemporanea,
see Magistral — f. Magistralis, see Magistral— f.
Medica, Prescription — f. Officinalis, see Magis-
tral.
FORM'ULARY, Formula' rimn, Nartlie'cin,
Nnrthc'ciam, Nnrthex. From foniinlnrinH, (di-
minutive of /orm((, 'form'). One skilled in pre-
paring writs or forms of process. — Quintilian. A
collection of medical formulae or receipts.
FOHMULE, Prescription.
FORMYL, PERCHLORIDE OF. Chloro-
form.
FORMYLE, lOnURE DE, Iodoform.
FORNIX, 'an arch or vault.' F. cer'ehri neii
trUdt'crim seu tricKspidit'lh, Psnlis, Pnalid'iiim,
fJiim'era, Tettn'do cer'ebri, Arcun vieduJIn'ris. (F.)
Trigone cerebral — (Ch..) Voflte d troin 2)iliern,
Trianyle Mednllnire. A medullary body in the
brain, below the corpus callnsum and above the
middle ventricle, on the median line. This body,
which is carved upon itself, terminates anteriorly
by a prolongation, which constitutes its anterior
pillar. Cms seu Cohim'na forni'cis, (F.) Pilier
anterieur, and posteriorly by two simihir prolon-
gations, called posterior pillars or crura. See
Achic<dura, and Vault.
Fornix CKnf:niu, Fornix.
FORNPECKLES, Ephelides.
FORPEX. Scissors.
FORRET, Front,
FORSTERA'NIA DIFFORM'TS, Erhi'tes dif-
forin'is seu pnher'nla; indigenous: Ord. Apo-
cynacesB ; is said to be used as a wash with milk
to remove freckles. The juice destroys warts.
FORTlFfAiVT. Corroborant. Tonic.
FORTH A ITURE, Hysteralgia.
FORTYKNOT, Achyranthes repens.
FOSS.A, Fo'rea, from fodio, fossnm, 'I dig.'
Scainmn. A cavity of greater or less depth, the
entrance to which is always larger than the base.
The fosfoe of bones have been called simple, when
they belong to one bone only, as the parietal
fosscB; and compound, (F.) Fosnes composees.
when several concur in their formation, as the
orbitar fosstr, temporal fossa;, <fec.
Fossa, AMVe'DALom, Amr/r/'daloid e.rcnra'tion.
The space between the anterior and posterior
pillars of the fauces, which is occupied by the
tonsils.
Fossa Ajiyk't,*. A kind of bandaee, used in
fractures of the nose; so called, by (Jalen, from
Amyntas of Rhodes, its inventor. It consisted
of a long band, applied round the head, the turns
of which crossed at the root of the nose.
Fossa Canina, Canine fossa.
Fossa Cerkbri/lt, (F.) Fosse cerebelleuse. The
inferior occipital fossa, which lodges the corre-
eponding portion of the cerebellum.
Fossa Couona'lis, Coro'nal or frontal fossa.
A depression on the orbitar plate of the frontal
or coronal bone, which supports the anterior lobe
of the brain. ,
Fossa Coronoi'dea, Cor' otioid fossa. A cavity
before the inferior extremity of the liuiueriis, in
which the coronoid process of the ulna is engaged
during the flexion of the forearm.
Fossa Cotvloidka, see Cotyloid.
Fossa, Digas'tric, Fossa diyas'triea. A deep
groove on the mastoid portion of tlie teiiiporid
bone, which gives origin to the digastric Miu.-ide.
Fossa Ethmoida'lis, Ethmoid fossa. A .shal-
low gutter on the upper surface of the cribri-
form plate of the ethmoid bone, in which id
lodged the expanded portion of the olfactory
nerves.
Fossa Gentt, Poples.
Fossa Guttura'lis, Gut'tural fossa. The de-
pression which forms the guttural region of the
base of the cranium, between the foramen mag-
num and posterior nares.
Fossa Hyaloirea, see Hyaloid (Fossa) — f.
Iliac, see Iliac fossae — f. Infra-orbitar, Ciniine
fossa — f. Infra-spinous, see Infra-spinata fos.sn.
Fossa Innomina'ta. The space between the
helix and antihelix of the ear.
Fossa, Ischio-reotal, Perineal fossa — f Jii-
gularis. Jugular fossa — f. Lacrymalis, Lachry-
mal fossa — f Lenticularis, see Hyaloid nieiiilMinio
— f. Magna Muliebris, Vulva — f. Magna Sylvii,
Fissura Sylvii. ,
Fossa, Mental, Fossa menta'Us. A small do.
pression on each side of the symphysis on tin
anterior surface of the body of the maxilla infe-
rior, for the attachment of muscles.
Fossa Navicularis, Navicular fossa.
Fossa Occipita'ms, Occip'itid fossa. The
occii)ital fossPB are four in number: the superior
or cerebrid, and the inferior or cerebellous. They
are separated by a groove, which lodges the late-
ral sinus.
Fossa Ovalts, see Ovalis fossa — f. Palntinn,
Palate — f Patellaris, see Hyaloid nienibrnne — f.
Perinaei, Perineal fossa — f. Pituitaria, Sella Tur-
cica.
Fossa Poplite'a, PopUte'al fossa. The hol-
low of the ham ; — the popliteal region.
Fossa, Portal, see Liver — f. Scaphoides, Na-
vicularis fossa.
Fossa SigmoiDEA. Sulcus sinfis latem'tis. A
broad deep groove on the inner surface of the
mastoid portion of the tempor.al bone, which
supports part of the lateral sinus.
Fossa, Suborbitar, Canine fossa.
Fossa, SunPYRAin'inAL, F. subpuramida'lis. A
deep fossa under the pyramid and behind the fe-
nestra rotunda in the middle ear, remarkal)le fir
its constancy, and pierced by several foramina at
the bottom.
Fossa SnpRA-spnENOiDALis, Pituitaria fossa —
f. of Sylvius, Fissure of S. — f Tetii|inraliF,
Temporal fossa — f. Transversa, see Liver — f.
Umbilicalis, see Liver.
Foss^ Cerebra'les, Cer'ebral fossa. Fossas
or excavations at the base of the cranium. Tliey
are nine in number: three occupy the median
line, find three are placed at each side. They aro
distinguished into anterior, middle, and posterior.
Foss>: UiGiTALES. see Impression.
FOSSE BASILAIRE, Basilary fossa--/.
Sous-epineuse, Infra-spinata fossa — /. Sus-epi-
neuse, Fossa supra-spinata.
FOSSES CONDYLO'IDIENNES, Condyln-
idea foramina — ■/. Nasales, Ouvertures posterieiircs
des, Nares. posterior.
FOSSETTE (F). Diminutive of /««»». Scm-
bic.'ulus, Doth'rion. Several depressions are fo
called. A d imp/led chin, Fossette dn menlon, con-
sists in a slight depression, which certain per.'o'is
have on the chin. 2. A dimjtU of the check, (F.J
FOSSETTE
403
FR.ENUM
Fdiix'tte des joues, a depression which occurs on
tlie checks of certain persons when they hiugh.
Srrobic'ulut cordis, Anticar'dioti, Fycp.cor'dimn,
(F.) FotHetle du caeitr. The depression observed
on a level with the xiphoid cartilage at the ante-
rior and inferior part of the chest. It is, also,
called pit <>/ the stomach, (F.) Creux de I'cstomac.
FOSSETTE, Fos'sula, A'naUs, Bothrinm, is
also a small ulcer of the transparent cornea, the
centre of which is deep.
FOSSETTE ANGULAIRE DU QUATRI-
EME VENTRICULE, Calamus scriptorius— /.
du Cieur, Scrobiculus cordis.
FOSSOKIUM, Fleam.
FOSSULA, Argema, Fossa, Foasettc, Fovea.
FOTIIERGILL'S PILLS, see Pilulie aloes et
colocynthidis.
FOTUS, Fomentation — f. Communis, Decoctum
papaveris.
FOU, Insane.
FOUETS, Sempervivum tectorura.
FOUGEItE DOUCE, Polypodium — /. Fe-
melle, Asplenium filix foeraina, Pteris aquilina —
/. Grande, Pteris aquilina—/. Male, Polypodium
filix mas.
FOUL DISEASE, Syphilis.
FOU LURK, Sprain.
FOUNDLING HOSPITAL, Brephotrnpheum.
FOURCIIE, (F.), fourche, 'cleft;' irom funa,
'a fork.' Aposle'ma Phalan'ijiiiii. A French
provincial terra for small abscesses which form on
the fingers and hands of working people. Also,
an instrument, invented by M. J. L. Petit, for
compressing the ranine artery in cases of hemor-
rhage from that vessel.
FOURGHETTE', diminutive of fourche,
Fureil'ln, a little fork, Fur'cida. A surgical
instrument used for raising and supporting the
tongue, during the operation of dividing the
frfonuin.
Fonrehetie, in anatomy, is, 1. The posterior
commissure of the labia raajora, called also, Era-
111(111, Fra'niilttm puden'di, Fnr'culn Ldbio'riim;
2. The cartiliigo ensiformis: so called from its
b'!ing sometimes cleft like a fork. Also, the
semilunar notch at the superior or clavicular
extremity of the sternum.
FOUn.irr. Formica.
FOURMILLANT, Forraicant
FO Un MIL LEMEN T, Form ication.
FOUSEL OIL, see Oil, fusel.
FO'VKA, — diminutive, Fove'o/a, — from fodio,
'I dig.' [V] Bothros. A slight depression. Eos'-
sida. The ptideiiditm mnliebre; see Vulva. The
/o««n iiaricdaris. A vapour-bath for the lower
extremities.
FovKA Axillaris, Axilla — f. Elliptiea, see
Crista Vestibuli — f. Hemisphaeriea, see Crista
Vestibuli — f. Lacrymalis, Lachrymal fossa — f.
Onili, Orbit — f. Ovalis, Ovalis fossa — f. Semi-
elliptica. see Crista Vestibuli— f. Sulciformis, see
Crista Vestibuli.
FOVEOLA, Fovea. >
FOWER. Syncope.
FOXHKRRY, Arbutus uva ursi.
FOXGLOVE, Digitalis.
FO VE/i. Foines morbi.
FRACTIOSNEMENT, Segmentation.
FRACTURA, Fracture — f. Dentis, Odonto-
clasis.
r RACTURE, Fnictn'ra, from frangere, frac-
t'lni, 'to break,' 'bruise.' Cntnf/'ma, C. Fractu'ra, I
Cdlax'ls, C/'iKis, Olaumn, Agme, Agma, Diar''-
rhmiK A solution of continuity in a bone, Os-
tenc'lmln. A simple fracture is when the bone
only is divided. A compound fracture is a divi-
sion of the heme with a wound of the integuments
cummunioatiiig with the bone,— the bonCj^indeed, !
generally protruding. In a com' minuted fracture,
Alphite' don, aX(ptTri6ov, Carye'don Catag'ma,
Kapvriiov Karayiiu, the bone is broken into several
pieces; and in a complicated fracture there is, in
addition to the injury done to the bone, a lesion
of some considerable vessel, nervous trunk, &c.
Fractures are also termed trausrcme, oblique, &c.,
according to their directiim. The treatment of
fractures consists, in general, in reducing the
fragments when displaced; maintaining them
when reduced; preventing the symptoms which
may be likely to arise; and combating them
when they occur. The reduction of fractures
must be cfFected by extension, counter-extension,
and coaptation. The parts are kept in apposition
by position, rest, and an appropriate apjiaratus.
The position must vary according to the kind of
fracture. Commonly, the fractured limb is placed
on a horizontal or slightly inclined plane, in a
state of extension: or rather in a middle state
between extension and flexion, according to the
case.
FrtACTiTRK, CAMEnATED, Camcrosis— /. en Rave,
Rufihanedon.
FliACTllRE OF THE RADIfS, Bahtox's, Bar-
ton's fracture. A term applied to a fracture of
the lower extremity of the radius, which com-
mences at the articular surface, and extends up-
wards for an inch or more, to terminate on the
dorsal aspect. Owing to the extensor muscles
drawing up the separated jiortion of the bone,
and with it the carpus, a deformity results, which
has been confounded with simple dislocation. In
consequence of the fracture having been well de-
scribed by Dr. John Rhea Barton, of Philadel-
phia, it is often called after him.
FRACTURES PAR RESONNANCE, sco
Contrafissura.
FR^NA MORGAGNII, F. of the Valve of
Bauhin.
Fi!>ENA OP THE Valve of Bauhin, (F.) Freina
de la valvule de Bauhin. A name given by Mor-
gagni to the projecting lines formed by the junc-
tion of the extremities of the two lips of the ileo-
c«3cal valve. They are also called Frcena and
Ret iuac'u la Sforgagn'ii.
FR^.NULUiAI, see Frwnum, Bride — i. Clito-
ridis, Fra^num clitoridis — f. Epiglottidis, Glosso-
epiglottic ligament — f. Laliiorum, Fourchtlte — f.
Novum, Taenia semicircularis— f. Pudendi, Four-
chette.
Fr-k'nulum Veli Mehulla'ris Anterio'rts.
A narrow slip, given ott' by the commissure of the
encephalic testes, which strengthens the junction
of the testes with tlje valve of Vieussens.
FR.'ENUM, Fre'uum, (F.) Frein, 'a bridle.'
FrcB'uidum, Filel'lum, Filameu'tum. 'A small
bridle.' A bridle. Jsanies given to several mem-
branous folds, which bridle and retain certain
organs.
Fr^XUM Clitor'idis, FrcB'nulum Clitor'idis,
(F.) Frein du Clitoris. A slight diijilicature
formed by the union of the internal portions of
the upper extremity of the nymphfe.
Fr.*:ndm Epiglottidis. Glosso-epiglottic liga-
ment— f. Glandis, F. Penis.
Fr^NI'M Labic'rim, (F.) Frein des levres.
There are two of these; one for the upper, the
other for the lower lip. They unite these parts
to the maxillary bone, and are formed by the
raucous membrane of the mouth. Also, the
Fourchette.
Fr^^ntm Li.vguj;, Frm'nulum sen Vin'culum
Lingua;, Glossodes'mus, F'ile'tum, (F.) Fiht on
Frein de la l<nigue, is a triangular reflection,
formed by the mucous membrane of the mouth,
and situate between the inferior paries of that
cavity and the inferior surface of the tongue.
FRAGARIA
404
FRAXINUS
When the frffiiuini extends as far as the extre-
mity of the tongue, it cramps its movements, in-
terferes with sucking, &c. This inconvenience
is remedied by carefully snipping it with a pair
of scissors. The French call this Voperation dn
filet.
Fu.'ENUM Penis, F. seu FrcB'nulnm seu Vin'cu-
hun PrcBpn'tu, F. Glaudh, Ci/)ii>de>i'mion, Cijno-
dea'inns, Vin'cuhcm Caiil'niim, (F.) Filet ou Frein
de la verge, is a membranous reflection which
fixes the prepuce to the lower part of the glans.
When too short, it prevents the prepuce from
sliding over the glans.
FiiAiNUM Pr.ei'Utii, F. Penis.
FRAUA'RIA, from fragro, 'I smell sweetly.'
The Strawberry, Fragn'rin vesca seu vnhjn'ris
seu semperJIoreiiR, C/inmcB'batos, (F.) Frninier.
Ord. Rosacea. The fruit is agreeable and whole-
some, and the roots have been used as tonic and
slightly diuretic. The fruit is the Fragrum,
KoiJiipov, of the ancients; (F.) Fraine.
FnAGAiuA Anserina, Potentilla anserina — f.
Pentaphyllum, Potentilla reptans — f. Tormentilla
officinalis, Tormentilla.
Fraga'ria Virginia'na, Wild Strawherry.
An indigenous plant, which has astringent leaves.
FRAGILE VITREUM, Fragilitas ossiura.
FRAGIL'ITAS, Jinptibil'iiaa, from frongo, 'I
break.' Fragility, Brittleness. The state of
being easily broken or torn.
Fragil'itas Os'sium, Otfeopsathi/ro'aie, Pa-
ros'tia fra//"ilis, Brit'tleiicss of the bones, Fria-
bil'iti/ of the bones, Fr«g"ile vit'reiim. Patholo-
gists have given this name to the extreme facility
with which bones break in certain diseases of the
osseous texture. It is owing to a deficiency of
the animal matter.
FRACtMENT, Fragmex'tum, Fragmen, Ramen'-
tiini, from frangere, fractum, ' to break.' The
French use this term for the two portions of a
fractured bone; thus, they speak of the superior
and the inferior fragment.
Fragments, Prec"ious. A name formerly
given, in Phar)nnci/, to the garnet, hyacinth,
emeriild, sapphire and topaz. The Arabs falsely
attributed to them cordial and alixiterial pro-
perties.
Fit AGON, Ruscus.
FRAGUM, see Fragaria.
FHAfSF, see Fragaria.
FRAfSfER. Fragaria.
FRAMBffi'SIA, Frnmbe'sia, Lepra fungi f em ,
from frnniboise, (F.) 'A raspberry.' Si/ph'ilis
In'dica, Anthra'cia ru'bnln. Thyinio'sls, Th. seu
Lues In'dica, Vnri'ola Amboinen'sis, Lepra fnn-
gif'era, Scroph'nla Jf<dncca'iia. The Yaws,'
Epian, Pian. A disease of the Antilles and of
Africa, characterized by tumours, of a contagious
character, which resemble strawberries, rasp-
berries, or champignons ; ulcerate, and are ac-
companied by emaciation, The Pian, for so the
Indians call it, differs somewhat in America and
Africa.
Pian of Amer'ica, Framba^'sia America' na,
Anthra'cia Bu'bula Americana, occurs under
eimilar circumstances with the next, and seems
to be transmitted by copulation. The tumours
have a similar form, and are greater in propor-
tion to their paucity. In some cases they are
mixed with ulcers.
Pian of Guin'ea, Frambce'sia Guineen'sis, An-
thra'cia Ru'bula Guineen'sis, is common amongst
the negroes, especially in childhood and youth.
It begins by small spots, which appear on diffe-
rent parts, and especially on the organs of gene-
ration and around the anus ; these spots disap-
pear, and are transformed into an eschar, to
■which an excrescence succeeds, that grows slowly,
aud has the shape above described.
The treatment is nearly the same in the two
varieties. The tumours will yield to uicrcurinl
friction, when small. When large, they must lie
destroyed by caustic. In both eases, mercury
must be given to prevent a recurrence.
An endemic disease resembling yaws was ob-
served in the Feejee Islands by the medical ofli-
cers of the United States' Exploring Expedition.
It is called by the natives Dthoke.
Frambcesia Illyrica, Scherlievo — f. Scotica,
Sibbens.
FRAMBOISE, Rubns id?eus.
FRANCOLIN, Atfagcn.
F RANGES SYNO WALES, Synovial glands.
FRANGIPANE. An article of food, ]irepiirid
by evaporating to dryness, in a water-bath, milk
mixed with almonds and sugar.
FRANGULA ALNUS, Rluunnus frangul.n.
FRANKINCENSE, COMMON, see Piniis
abies — f. African Daniellia thurifera — f. Tree,
Daniellia thurifera — f. True, Juniperus lyeia.
FRANZENSBAD, FRANZBAD, or FKANZ-
ENSBRUNN, MINERAL WATERS OF. A
celebrated water at Eger, in Bohemia, which
contains sulphate of soda, carbonate of iron,
and carbonic acid gas. The springs are called
Franzensbrunnen.
FRAP PER, Percuss.
FRASEllA, Calumba, American — f. C:irnlincn-
sis, see Calumba — f. Officinalis, see Cahiiubii— f.
Verticillata, Calumba American — f. Walteri, see
Calumba.
FRATER UTERINUS, see Uterinus frater.
FRATERNITAS, Adelphixia.
FRATRATIO, Adelphixia.
FRAXINELLA DICTAMNUS, Dictnmnns
albus — f. White, Dictamnus albus.
FRAXINUS AMERICA'NA, White Ash; and
Fraxiniis Qitadrangula'ta, Blue Aih, indi-
genous; Ord. Oleacese ; have bitter and a,«triii-
gent barks, and have been used as antiperiodics.
Fraxinus Apetala, F. excelsior — f. Aurea, F.
excelsior — f. Crispa, F. excelsior — f. Excelsa, F.
excelsior.
Frax'inus Excel'sior. The systematic name
of the Ash tree, Frax'inus Ornus seu Fra;riiius
sylves'tris, F. apet'ala seu au'rea seu crispa si'U
e.rcel'sa seu jjen'dula seu verruco'sa, Bxnne'lin seu
Macedon'ica Fra.rinns, Bume'lia, (F.) Freiie.
The fresh bark has a moderately strong, bitterish
taste. It has been said to possess resolvent and
diuretic qualities, and has been given in inter-
mittents, and in gout and rheumatism, and as an
antidote to serpent bites. The seeds, called
Birds' tongue, Jjingua avis, Ornithoglos'sn, have
been exhibited as diuretics, in the dose of a
drachm. Its sap has been extolled agiun>t
deafness.
Fraxinus Florifera, F. ornus — f. Macedo-
nica, F. excelsior.
Fraxinus Ornus, F. me'lia seu paniruln'tn
Ben Jlorif'era, Ornus manulf'era seu rotuuilijo'li'i.
The systematic name of the tree whence ni<iinin
flows. This substance is also called Manna Cain-
bri'na, Ros Calabri' nus, Aerom'eli, Drnsom'eli,
Drysom'eli, Mel ae'rium, Succus orni concre'tUK.
In Sicily, not only the Fraxinus Ornus, but iilso
the F. rotundifoli'a and F. excelsior are regidarly
cultivated for the purpose of procuring mann:i,
which is their condensed juice. In the Ph. U. S.
it is assigned to Ornus Europcea. Manna is in-
odorous, sweetish, with a very slight degree of
bitterness; in friable flakes, of a whitish or pale
yellow colour; opake, and soluble in water and
alcohol. It is laxative, and is used .as a pur-
gative fi)r children, who take it readily on ac-
count of its sweetness. More generally it is em-
ployed as an adjunct to other purgatives. D"8c,
§ss to ^ij. Its immediate principle is called
FRAYEUR NOCTURNE
405
FRIGORIFIC
Jf((iiit!te or Maunin. This has heen recnmincnded
l>v MiigcMidie IIS a substitute for manna. Dose,
Zi). for children.
Fr.vxi.vus Paniccjlata, F. Ornus — f. Quadran-
f^uUita, see F. Americana — f. Rotundifolia, F.
FRA YEUR NOCTURNE, Panophobia.
FRECKEN3, Ephelides.
FRKCKIiKD, see Kphelides.
FRECKLES. Ephelidos.
FREEMAN'S BATIlIXfr SPIRITS, see Li-
niinontuin Hiiponis compositum.
FIlEfy, Fricnutn — /. (hi Clltorin, Fraenum
clitoridis — /. tie la Lnnrjiie, FraDnum linguae — /.
(/(.'» LinreH, Fra'num labiorum — /. de la Verge,
Frncmini penis.
FliEfXS DE LA VA L VULE DE BAUHIN,
Frncna of tho valve of Raubin.
FREINWALDR, MINERAL WATERS OF.
These springs are in Brandonburg, twelve leagues
from Berlin. They contain chloride of sodium,
sulphate of magnesia, chloride of magnesium, sul-
phate of lime, carbonates of lime and magnesia,
iron, Ac., and are used in asthenic diseases.
FRK.UfSSEMEXT. Shu.ldering.
FRJ^MISSEMENT GAT AIRE (F.). 'Cat's
purr.' Piirrhnj Tremor. Laonnec has given this
name to the agitation which is sensible to the
hand, when applied on the priiecordial region,
and which he considers a sign of ossification or
other contraction of the auriciilo-ventricular open-
ings. The name was chosen by him from the
analmry of the sound to the purring of a cat.
FREMITUS, Bruheemeiif, Frfmiasemcnt, Shud-
dering.
The Pkc'torat, or VocaTj Frkm'ittts, Pectoral
Vibrn'tion, Tactile vibration, is an obscure dif-
fused resonance of the voice, which is felt when
the hand is applied to the chest.
A fric'tion frrm'itits is perceptible to the
hands in many cases of pleurisy, when the sur-
faces of the pleura have become roughened from
deposition ; as well as in rare cases of pericar-
ditis.
FHENA. see Alveolus.
FRENCH CRUST, Syphilis — f. Distemper,
Syphilis — f. Nut, Juglans regia — f. Pox, Syphilis.
FRhyE, Fra.xinus excelsior — /. J?pineii.r,
Xanthoxylum clavaHerculis. — ■/. Sauvage, Sorbus
acuparia.
FRKX(iA, see Scherlievo.
FRENULUM, see Frsenum.
FRENU.Vr, Frsenum.
FRET. Chafing. Herpes.
FRETILLKMENT. Fidgets.
FRETTINCr, Tormina.
FRICATIO. Friction.
FRICATORTUM, Liniment.
FRICE, Fripiim, Frico'nium. A medicine
which the ancients employed under the form of
friction. They distinguish the Frice siccitm and
F. mnlle. — (lanbius.
FRTCONIUM. Frice.
FRTCTA. Colophonia.
FRrCTIO, Friction — f. Ilumida, see Friction
— f. Sii'ca. see Friction.
FRICTION. Fric'tio, Frica'tio, Anat'ribe,
Auatrip'sin, Tri/pnin, Chirnp'sin, from fricare,
fricliint, 'to rub.' The action of rubbing a part
of the surface of the body more or less forcibly,
with the hands, a brush, flannel. Ac, constituting
Xcrolrib'ia, Nerotrip'sin, Fric'tio sicca or dry
friction ; or with ointments, liniments, tinctures,
Ac, constituting moist frirliun, Fric'tio hn'mida.
It is a useful means for exciting the action of the
skin.
FniCTiov Frf.mitus, see Fremitus — f. Sound,
Bruit de frottemeut.
FRICTRIX, Tribas,
FRICTUM, Liniment.
FRICUM, Frice
FRIGEFACIENTIA, Refrigerants.
FRItilD. Fri<j"idiix, (F.) Froid ; from frigeo,
' to be cold.' Cold. Not easily moved to sexual
desire : Imhel'li" ad ren'erem. Impotent.
FRIGIDARIUM, Bath, cold.
FRIGID'ITY, Frigid'itas. Same etymon. A
sensation of cold. Also, impotence, and sterility.
Frigiditji of the stomach is a state of debility of
that organ, imputed to excessive venery, — the
Anorex'ia exhniisto'rnm of Sauvages.
FRIGIDUS. Frigid.
FRIGORIF'IC, from frigus, 'cold,' and fo,
'I become.' That which has the power of pro-
ducing cold. The best Fuigorific Mixttres are
the following. Their efi'ects are owing to the
rapid absorption of heat when solids pass into
the liquid state.
i\
Frigorific Mixtures with
Ifixtures.
Snow, or pounded ice, two") ")
parts by weight ;
Chloride of Sodium 1.
Snow or pounded ice 5
Chloride of Sodium 2
Mur. of Ammonia 1
Snow or pounded ice 24. | \
Chloride of Sodium 10.
Muriate of Ammonia 5.
Nitrate of Potash 5.
Snow or pounded ice 12.
Chloride of Sodium 5.
Nitrate of Ammonia 5. J J
Dilut. Sulph. Acid 2.1
Snow 3. J
Concentr. Mur. Acid 5. |
Snow
Concentr. Nitrous Acid 4
Snow 7
Chloride of Calcium 5. )
Snow 4. I
Crystall. Chloride of Calcium .S. )
Snow 2. J
Fused Potash . 4. ]
Snow 3. J
i:}
Snow.
Therm, falls.
to— 5°
10—12°
to— IS"
[ to— 25°
from+:^2°
to— 23°
fromf32°
to— 27°
from -1-32°
to— 30°
from-h32°
to— 40°
from +.32°
to —50°
from -1-32°
to— 51°
Frigorific Mixtures may also be made by the
rapid solution of salts, without the use of snow or
ice. The salts must be finely powdered and dry.
Frigorific Mixtures without Snow.
Mixtures.
Mur. of Ammonia 5.
-Nitrate of Potash 5.
Water 10.
Mur. of Ammonia 6.
Nitrate of Potash 5.
Sulphate of Soda 8.
Water 16.
Nilrate of Ammonia 1.
Water 1.
Nitrate of Ammonia 1.
Carbonate of Soda 1.
Water 1.
Sulphate of Soda 3. )
Dilut. Nitrous Acid 2. )
Sulphate of Soda fi. ]
Mur. of Ammonia 4. I
Nitrate of Potash 2.
Dilut. Nitrous Acid 4. j
Sulphate of Soda 6.
Nitrate of Ammonia 5.
Dilut. Nitrous Acid 4.
Phosphate of Soda 9. )
Dilut. Nitrous Acid 4.
Therm, falls.
from-i-50°
to— 10°
from + 50°
to— 10°
from + 50°
to— 4°
from + 50°
to— 7°
from +50°
to— 3°
from+50°
to— 10°
from + 50°
to— 14°
from + 50°
to— 12°
FRIGUS
^fixtures.
Phopphate of Soda 9.
Nitrate of Ammonia 6.
Dilut. Nitrous Acid 4.
Sulphate of Soda 8. ]
Muriatic Acid 6. J
Sulphate of Soda 5. |
Dilut. Sulphuric Acid 4. J
406
FRUMENTUM
Therm, fall".
from + 50°
to— 21°
from+50°
to 0°
from +50°
to— 3°
FRiaUS, Cold— f. Tenue, see Rigor.
FRIN(5E TREE, Chionanthus Virginica.
FRISSON, Rigor.
FR rSSOyyFMENT, Horripilation.
FRO(iLEAF, Brasenia Hydropeltis.
FROG TONGUE, Ranula.
FROGS' SPAWN, Sperma ratiarum.
FROID. Cold, Frigid—/. Glncial, Ice cold.
FR0ISSEMENT\¥.), 'Rubbing, bruising.'
FROISSEMENT PULMONAIRE, Bruit de
froisKemeiit piiliminaire, Pulmonary crumpling
iouiid. A name given by M. Fournet to a respi-
ratory sound, whii'h communicates to the ear the
sensation of the rubbing {froiHsemcnt) of a_ tex-
ture compressed against a hard body. It is by
no means well defined.
FRdLEMEMT, (F.) 'Grazing or touching
lightly.'
FROLEMENT P^RWARDIQUE, Bruit de
froletiieiit pericurdiqne. Rustling noise of the
pericardium. A sound resembling that produced
by the crumpling of a piece of parchment or of
thick silken stuff, accompanying the systole and
diastole of the heart. It indicates roughness of
the pericardium induced by disease.
FROM AGE, Cheese.
FRO ME NT, Triticum.
FRONCEMENT, Corrugation,
F RON CLE, Furunculus.
FRONDE, Punda.
FRONT, Froi-18, 3feto'pon, Forehead, Fore-
front, Fore-top, Brow, (Sc.) Forret. That part
of the visage, which extends from one temple to
the other, and is comprised in a vertical direction,
between the roots of the hair and the superciliary
ridges.
FRONTAL, Frnnta'lis. From frons, frontis,
'the front.' Relating or belonging to the front.
This name has been given to several parts. Win-
slow, Sommering, and others, call the anterior
part of the oeeipito-frontals — the frontal muscle
ov fronta'lis,}[usculo'srt Froniiv Cutem movens sub-
stan'tia Par (Vesalius).
Frontal Artery, Arte'ria svpra-orhita'lis, is
given off by the ophthalmic, which is itself a
branch of the internal carotid. It makes its exit
from the skull at the upper part of the base of the
orbit, and ascends the forehead between the bone
and the orbicularis palpebrarum ; dividing into
three or four branches, which are distributed to
the neighbouring muscles.
Frontal Bone, Ok frontis seu coronn'le seu in-
vcrecun'duin seu puppis seu syncip'itis seu proroB
seu ratio'nis, Meto'pon, A double bone in the foe-
tus, single in the adult, situate at the base of the
cranium, and at the superior part of the face. It
forms the vault of the orbit; lodges the ethmoid
bone in a notch at its middle part; and is articu-
lated, besides, with the sphenoid, parietal, and
nasal bones, the ossa unguis, superior maxillary,
and malar bones.
Frontal Furrow extends upwards from the
frontal spine, and becomes gradually larger in its
course, to lodge the upper part of the superior
longitudinal sinus, and to give attachment to the
falx cerebri.
Frontal Nerve. Pnlpehro-frontal — (Ch.), is
the greatest of the three branches of the nphtlial-
mic nerve, — the first division of the 5th pair.
It procecd.s along the superior paries of the orbit,
and divides into two brandies : — tlie one, inter-
nal, which makes its exit from the orliiiMr fossa,
passing beneath the pulley of the oblit;iu! niu.<ck<:
— the other, external, issuing from the i-auie cu-
vity by the foramen orbitarinm superins.
Frontal PnoTii'nERANCE, F.tnhcrou'iit/, Tuhcr
fronta'le, Su(jf/run'diiini supcrcitio'ruin. The jiro-
tuberance of the frontal bone above the super-
ciliary arch.
Frontal Si'nuSES, Frontn' Us Sinus, J/clnpnn'-
tra, Prosopan'tra, Sinus Snpercilia'res seu pitui-
ta'rii frontis, Cavern' a frontis, arc two deep cavi-
ties in the substance of the frontal bone, sepa-
rated from each other by a median si'idutn, and
opening, below, into the anterior cells of the eth-
moid bone.
Frontal Spine, Crista inter'na, is situiitc in
the middle of the under part of the liotir, ami is
formed by the coalescence of the inner tables for
the attachment of the falx cerebri.
Surgeons have given the name Fhonta'ms to
a bandage or topical application to the forehead.
Such have, also, been called TpufiiTuiniia and
avaTToWr]i.iaTu.
Frontal Tuberosity, Frontal prolubenince.
FRONTA'LE, from fous, ' the forehead.' A
medicine applied to the forehead.
FRONTALIS ET OCCIPITALIS, Occipito-
frontalis.
Frontalis Verus, Corrugator supercilii.
FRONTODYMIA, see Cephalodymia.
FRONTO- ETHMOID FORAMEN, Ca-cnm
foramen — /. Nasal, Pyramidalis nasi — /. Snur-
cilicr, Corrugator supercilii.
FROSTBITE, Congelation.
FROSTPLANT, Heliantheraum Canadcnsc.
FROSTWEED, Erigeron Philudelphicuin, lle-
lianthemum Canadense.
FROSTWORT, Helianthemum Canadense.
FROTH'Y, from Gr. a^pos, ' froth.' [?] Spu-
nio'sHs, (F.) Spumeiix, Ecumeux, Mousseux. An
epithet given to the fteces or sputa, when mixed
with air.
FROTTEMENT, see Bruit de frottement.
FROTTEMENT GLOBULAIRE. A name
given by M. Simonnet, to the pulse in aortic re-
gurgitation, when it is jerking; and, in well
marked cases, appears as if the blood consisted
of several little masses, which passed in succes-
sion under the finger applied to the artery.
FRUCTIFICATIO, Fecundation.
FRUCTUS HOR^I, Fruit, (summer)— f. Im-
maturus, Abortion.
FRUGIV'OROUS, Frurjiv'orus, from frufjct,
'fruits,' and voro, 'I eat.' One that eats fruits.
FRUIT, Fructus, from fruor, fructus, 'to en-
joy.' Carpos. In botany, the seed with its en-
closing pericarp. In a medical sense it may bo
defined to be : — that part of a plant which is taken
as food. The effects of fruits on the body, in a
medical as well as a dietetical point of view, are
various. They may be distinguished into classes:
for, whilst the Cerealia, for example, afford fruits,
which are highly nutritious ; Ihe Suinmer Frnilt
{Fructus Hora'i,) which include strawberries,
cherries, currents, mulberries, raspberries, figs,
grapes, &c., are refrigerant and grateful, but
afford little nourishment.
FRUIT-SUGAR, Glucose.
FRUMENT, Fru'mentt/, Fnr'menty, from /'•«-
mentum, 'wheat' or ' grain,' quasi y'/»77'Hic«(iiw ;
from fruf/es, ' fruit' Pottage made of wheat.
Food made of wheat boiled in milk.
FRUMEN'TUM. Same etymon. Sitos. Any
kind of grain from which bread was made; —
especially wheat.
Frumentum, Triticum — f. Corniculatum, Ergot
FRUSTRATOIRE
40'
FUMIGATION
— f. Cornutum, Ergot — f. Luxurians, Ergot — f.
Teiniilfiituiii, Erjjot — f. Turgidutn, Ergot.
FiaSTltATOIRE, (F.) Any liquor, taken
a short time alter eating, for the purpose of as-
sisting digestion when ditficult. Sugared water,
»((» sHcree, or water wilh the addition of a little
brimdy, or some aromatic substance, is commonly
used for this purpose.
FRUTliX BACCIFER BRAZILIENSIS, Caa-
ghivuyo — f Indicus spinosus, Cara scbuUi.
FUCUS, F. vesiculosus, Paint.
Fuciis Amyla'chus, Jaffna, Ed'ihle or CcyJon
Moss, Ploca'ria can'dida, Gracila'yiti seu SplicB-
rticoc'cits seu Gir/arti'iia seu Fucks llcheii'ii'des,
Jl/jriiie Muss. This moss belongs to the natural
order AlgiC. It was introduced some years ago
into England, from India. It is white, filiform
and fibrous, and has the usual odour of sea-weeds.
It-3 medical properties are siiuilar to those of
Irish moss.
Fiiciis, Bladder, F. vesiculosus.
FuCUS Ckisphs, /'. Ir'landicus, Lichen Car'ra-
ijce.n, Vhoiidnis (Ph. U. S.), Ck. crispus seu p'dij-
mnr' phns, Sphmrococ'ciis criapits, Ulva crinpii,
Irish /'carl, Car'ra>/een or Cor'rigeen mnss, (F.)
Moitsse d^ Irlaiide o\i perlee. This Fucus is found
on the coasts of England, Ireland, Western France,
Spain, and Portugal, and as far as the tropics.
It is also a native of the United States. In Ire-
land, it is used by the poor as an article of diet.
As met with in America, it is of a light yellow
colour, and resembles plates of horn, crisped and
translucent. An agreeable jelly is obtained from
it by boiling it in water or milk, which forms a
good article of diet in consumptive cases. Its
liiiipcrties are indeed exactly like those of the
Icilaiid Moss,
Fucus IlKLMiNTnoconTON, Corallina Corsica-
na — f Inflatus, F. vesiculosus — f. Irlandicus,
Fucus crispus — f. Lichenoides, F. amylaceus — f.
Saccharine, Rhodomela palmata.
Fucus Vesiculo'siis, Fhchs, F. infla'tus, Hal'-
idrys vcsicalo'sa, Quercits Mari'iia, Bladdpr Fu-
cus, Sen Oak, Sea Wrac/c, Ye/ low Bladder Wrack,
(¥.) Varec vesiculeiix, Chexe marin. It has been
said to be a useful assistant to sea-water, in the
cure of disorders of the glands. When the wrack,
in fruit, is dried, cleaned, exposed to a red-heat
in a crucible with a perforated lid, and is reduced
to powder, it forms the yE'thiops vci/etnb'ilis —
the Pidvis Quercils M<(ri'iia> of the Dublin Phar-
niaeopffiia — which is used, like the burnt sponge,
in bronchocele and other scrofulous swellings.
Its efiicacy depends on the iodine it contains,
I)ose, gr. X to 5'j> mixed in molasses or honey.
See Soda.
FLUjA D/EMONUM, Hypericum perforatum.
FUUA'CIOUS, Fuyax, fm/acis, (F.) Fugace,
from fiigere, 'to fly.' An epithet given to certain
symptoms, which appear and disappear almost
innnediately afterwards; as n/iu/acinus redness, —
ajiii/iicioiis swelling. Tumor faijax, <fcc.
FUtiAX, Fugacious.
FUGE, from fu'jo, 'I expel,' 'an expeller.'
A common suflix. Hence, Febri/»i/e, Vermi-
/"//e. itc.
FU'GILE, Fiigil'la. This terra has several
acceptations. It means, 1. The cerumen of the
ear. 2. The nebulous suspension in, or deposi-
tion from, the urine. 3. An abscess near the
ear. — Roland and.Tohnson. 4. Abscess in general.
FUtilLLA, Fugile.
FULGUR. A<trape.
FULIG'TNOU.-?. Fnligino'siia, Lignyo'des, (F.)
Fidigincii.1-, from /id igo, fid igin is, 'soot.' Having
the colour of soot. An epithet given to certain
parts, as the lips, teeth, or tongue, when they
nss'.ime a brownish colour, or rather are covered
with a coat of that colour. Fuliijinosity.
FULI'GO, genitive fnlig"inis, Lignys, Snot,
(F.) Snie, (fee., Woodsoot, Fuligo Ligni, consists
of volatile alkaline salt, empyreumatic oil, fixed
alkali, &c. A tincture, Tinctn'ra Fiitig"iui»,
prepared from it, has been recommended as a
powerful antispasmodic in hysterical cases. (Fidig.
''.'/"• 3 'j ) i>"'"»«. siihcarb. Ibss ; ammon. nturiat.
.^j ) "'/"« Jluoiat. Oiij. Digest for three days.)
This tincture bears the name Sout drops and Fit
drops. An ointment of soot has been used in
various cutaneous diseases.
Fuligo Alba Philosophorum, Ammonioe mu-
rias.
FIILIGO'KALI, from fidlgo, 'soot,' and kali,
'potassa.' This is an analogous preparation to
anthrakokali; soot being used in the place of
coal. It is employed in the same diseases. What
might be regarded as a weak solution of fuligo-
kali has been used for many years in Philadel-
phia, under the names medical lye, soot tea, alka-
line solution, dyspeptic lye, and Physick's lye tea.
It is made by mixing a quart of hickory ashes ;
half a pint of «oo( ,■ and a gallon of boiling water;
allowing the mixture to stand for twenty-four
hours, and decanting.
FULLERS' EARTH, Cimolia purpurescens.
FULMEN, Astrape.
FlU.MIUOrON, see Collodion.
FULNESS, Jieple'tio, Plen'ifnde.. Pletho'ra,
Reple'tion. The state of being filled. Also, a
feeling of weight or distension in the stomach or
other part of the system.
FUMA'RIA, Fnma'ria officina'lis seu tne'dia,
Fnmus terrcB, Capnos, Herba melancholif uga, So-
la'nten Scnbioso'riim, Fu'mitory, Common Fu'mi-
tary, Fumiter'ra, (F.) Fnmeterre, Fiel de terrc,
Pisse-sang. Ord. Fumariaceic. The leaves are
extremely succulent, and have a bitter, somewhat
saline, taste. The infusion of the dried leaves
and the expressed juice of the fresh plant have
been extolled for their property of clearing the
skin of many disorders of the leprous kind.
Fuma'ria Bulbo'sa, F. cava seu major, Borck-
hansen'ia seu Capnoi'dea cava, Aristolochi'a /«-
ba'cea seu cava seu vulga'ris rotnn'da, Coryd'alis
bulbo'sa seu cava seu tubero'sa, Capnor'chis. The
root of this plant was formerly given as an em-
menagogue and anthelmintic. (F.) Fumeterre
bulbense.
FuMARiA Cava, F. bulbosa — f. Major, F. bul-
bosa — f. Media, Fuinaria — f. Officinalis, Fumaria.
FUMETERRE, Fumaria.
FUMIGATIO, Fumigation — f. Antiloimica
Gaubii, see Disinfection — f. Guytoniensis, see
Disinfection — f. Smythiana, see Disinfection.
FV MIG \'TION, Fnmign'tio, from fumus,
' smoke.' Snffi'tus, SiiJfit"io, Suffnmina'tio. Suf-
/umig"ium, Siiffimen'tum, Apocnpnis'mns, Thymi-
a'ma, Epithymia'nia, Hypothytnia'ma, Hypothy-
mia'sis, Thymia'sis, Capnis'mos, Hypocajtnis'mot,
Hypat'mus, Hypatmis' mus, Anathymin'sis. An
operation, the object of which is to fill a circum-
scribed space with gas or vapour, with the in-
tention either of purifying the air, of perfuming
it, or of charging it with a substance proper for
acting upon a part of the surface of the human
body. See Sulphurous acid. Hence, fumigations
have been distinguished into aqueous, aromatic,
sulphureous, viercurial, disinfecting, Guytonian,
(fee. Benzoin generally constitutes the chief in-
gredient in the Fumigating Pastilles, to which
any variety of odoriferous substances may be
added. The following are formul,T?.
R. Benzoin, ^j ; cascarillce, ^'fs; myrrh, yj ;
ol. myrist., ol. caryoph. aa gtt. .\ ; potasstp nitrat.
^sr; carbon, lign. ^vy, mucil. trag. q. s. — or
R. Benzoin, p. xvy, Balsam. Tolut. p. iv ;
Santal. alb. p. iv; Labdan. p. j : Carbon. Lign. p.
xlviijj Potass, nitrat. p. ij ; Trugacanth. p. j;
FUMITERRA
408
FUNICULUS
ArncifB, p. ij ; Aq. ciniiam. p. xij. Reduce the
solid ingredients to powder, an<l mix the whole
into a plastic mass, which must be formed into
cones, flattened at the base, and dried, first in the
air. and afterwards in a stove.
Fumigation, Chlouine, see Disinfection — f.
Nitrous, see Disinfection — f. Osymuriatic, see
Disinfection.
FUMITERRA, Furaaria.
FUMITORY, Fumaria.
FUMUS ALDUS, Hydrargyrum— f. Citrinus,
Sul))hur — f. Terrje, Fumaria.
FUNAMBULA'TIO, from fuiih, 'a cord,' and
uiuhulare, 'to walk.' An e.xercise with the an-
cients, which consisted in scaling ropes.
FUxN'C'TION, Fiiuc'tio, Ac't!o, (F.) Function;
from fnnijor, functus, 'I act,' 'perform.' The
action of an organ or system of organs. Any act,
necessary for accomplishing a vital phenomenon.
Afunctiun is a special office in the animal econo-
my, which has, as its instrument, an organ or appa-
ratus of organs. Thus respirdlian is a function.
Its object is the conversion of venous into arte-
rial blood, and its instrument is the lungs. The
ancient physiologists divided the functions into
vital; uniiital, and natural. They called vital func-
llonn those which are essential to life, as innerva-
tion, circulation, respiration; animal functions,
those which belong to the encephalon; viz.: the
functions of the intellect, the affections of the
mind, and the voluntary motions; and natural
fuuctioufi, Faculta'tcH seu Actio'ucs natuva'les,
those relating to assimilation, such as the actions
of the abdominal viscera, of the absorbent and
exhalant vessels, Ac. Bicbat divided the func-
tions into those which relate to the preservation
of the individual, and those that relate to the
])reservation of the species. The former he sub-
divided into animal and ot-f/anic. The animal
functions or functions of relation are those of the
intellect, sensation, locomotiim, and voice. The
orr/auic functions include digestion, absorption,
respiration, circulation, secretion, nutrition, and
calorification. The functions, whose object is the
])reservation of the species — the organic, nutritive,
or ref/etative functions — are all those that relate
to generation ; — such as conception, gestation, ac-
couchement, <fec. Each of these admits of nu-
merous subdivisions in a complete course of
J'Jnjsio/ogi/ ; — for so the doctrine of the functions
is called.
FUNCTIONAL, Functiona'lis, (F.) Fonction-
vel. Relating or belonging to the function of an
organ, or to the functions in general.
Functional or vital phenomena are those pro-
duced by some modification in the action of an
organ or organs, in contradistinction to those of
a material or physical character ; — thus we distin-
guish the functional phenomena of phthisis from
those indicated by physical diagnosis — the phys-
ical phenomena.
FtiNCTioNAL Diseases, see Organic Diseases.
FUND A, 'a sling.' Sphen'done, (F.) Fronde.
A bandage, composed of a fillet or long com-
press, cleft at its extremities to within about two
inches of its middle. It is used in diseases of the
nose and chin, and especially in cases of fracture
of the lower jaw. In such case it has, also, been
called Mentnnniire, because placed beneath the
chin: from (F.) Menton, 'the chin.'
FUNDAMENT, Anus— f. Falling down of the,
Proctocele.
FUNDAMEN'TAL, from /(/uriare, 'to found;
to lay the bottom of any thing.' (F.) Fonda-
inentid. Some anatomists have called the sacrum
Os Fundamenta'lc, because it seems to serve as a
base to the vertebral column. The sphenoid bone
lias likewise been so denominated, from its being
situate at the base of the cranium.
FUNDUS, 'the bottom.' (F.) Fond. The
base of any organ which ends in a neck, or bns
an external aperture ; as the Fundus vcsicaj, F.
uteri, Ac. Also, the Vulva.
FuNDiTs Vacjin^;, Laqucar vagina'.
FUNES CORDIS. Cokunniu carncic— f Semi-
circularcs. Semicircular canals.
FUNGIFORM PAPILLAE, see Papillsc of the
Tongue.
FUN'GOID, Funf/o'i'des, Myco'des, Funyifor'.
mis, Fun'yiform, (F.) Fongo'idc, Fon g if orme, trom
fungus, 'a mushroom,' and ti^oj, 'resemblance.'
That which has the shape of, or grows in some
measure like a mushroom, as the fungoid or/iin-
giform papillae of the tongue.
FUiNGoii) Disi;ask, Encephaloid.
FUNGOS'ITY, Fnngos'itas, Caro lu.ru'rians
sou fungo'sa, Ecsarcn'ma, l/i/pcrsarco'ma, Ily.
persarco'sis. Proud Flesh, (P.) Fougusite. Tho
quality of that which is fungous: — fungous ex-
crescence, Fxcrescen'tia fungo'sa. The fungosi-
ties which arise in wounds or ulcers are easily
repressed by gentle compression, dry lint, the
sulphas cupri, or other gentle caustics. At timeg,
the more powerful are necessary, and sometiiues
excision is required.
FUNGOUS, Fungo'sus, (F.) Fongnenx. Ilav-
ing the characters of fungosity or fungus — as a
fungous wound.
FUNGUS, Myccs, (oipoyyos,) (F.) Fongus, Cham-
pignon. The munhroom order of plants; clnss
Cryptogamia, in the Linntean system. In I'uih-
ology, the word is commonly used synonymously
with fungosity, myco'sis. M. Breschet has pro-
posed to restrict the term fungosity to vegetations
which arise on denuded surfaces, and to ajiply
the term fungus to the tumours which form in the
substance of the textures, without any external
ulceration. Fici and warts, for example, would
be fungi of the skin.
Fungus Albus Saligneus, Dsedalea suaveo-
lens — f. Articuli, Spina ventosa — f. Bleeding,
Ilivmatodes fungus — f. Cancrosus ha3niatodcs,
Hiematodes F. — f. Cancrosus medulhiris, see
Encephaloid — f. Cerebralis, see Encephaloid — f.
Cerebri, Encephalocele — f. Chirurgoruni, Lyco-
perdon — f. Cynosbati, Bedeguar — f. Faginosus,
Morchclla esculenta — f Hannatodes, llwinatodes
fungus — f. Igniarius, Boletus igniarius — f. Larieis,
Boletus larieis — f. of Malta, Cynomorion cocci-
neum — f. Medullaris, see Encephaloid — f Melan-
odes. Cancer, melanotic — f. Melitensis, Cynomo-
rion coccinenm — f. Pctraeus marinus. Umbilicus
marinus — f. Quercinus, Boletus igniarius — f. Ro-
sarum, Bedeguar — f. Salieis, Daedalea suaveolens
— f. Sambucinus, Peziza auricula.
FUNIC BELLOWS' SOUND, see Bellows'
Sound, funic.
FUNICULI GRAC'ILES, (diminutive of
funis, 'a cord,') Posle'rior Jfe'dlan Columns or
Fascic'uli of the medul'ln ollonga'la. Along the
posterior border of each corpus restifornie, and
separated from it by a groove, is a narrow white
cord, separated from its fellow by the fissura lon-
gitudinalis posterior. The pair of cords are the
funiculi graciles. Each funiculus forms an en-
largement— processus cliivatus — at its upper end,
and is then lost in the corpus rcstiforme.
FuNic'uLi Sii/iQU.«. Longitudinal fibres seen
in the groove which separates the corpus olivaro
from the corpus pyramidale and corjuis restiforme.
They enclose the base of the corpus oli vare, — those
which lie on its inner side forming the fu»ic'id\ia
inter'nus ; and those on its outer side the funicu-
lus ejternns.
FUNICULUS, Cord— f. Externus, see Funiculi
siliquie — f. Internus, see Funiculi siliiiuai — f.
Spermaticus, Spermatic cord— f. Ty mpani, Chorda
tympani.
FUNIS
409
FUTUTRIX
Fl'NIC'nLIIS TImBILICA'MS, Fiuiin umhih'-rn'lln.
fiileiitiii'iilum, Vut'eulum umbilica'le, Umbil' itiil
vord. Novel string, diminutive of Funis, 'a cord.'
(F.) Cordon owbiiicfile. A cord-like substance,
wliioti extends from the placenta to the umbilicus
(if the fcc'tus. It is composed of the chorion, am-
nion, an albuminous secretion called the Jelii/ of
thu Cord, cellular substance, an umbilical vein,
and two iimbiliciil arteries. The former conveys
the hlood from the placenta to the foetus — the
hitter return it. All these parts are surrounded
1/V n sheath — Invextilu'ra seu Vo//i'nu /iinlc'uli
u'mhilica'liH. Its usual length is from 16 to 22
inohe.'*.
Fir.N'ici'i.iis Varicosus, Cirsoccle.
FUNIS, Cord, Laqueus — f. Argenteus, Medulla
spinalis — f. Ilippocratis, Achillis tendo— f. Umbi-
liealis, Funiculus umbilicalis.
FUNK, 15oletus igniarius.
FUNNRL, see Infundibulum.
FUR. Endnit.
FUllCKLLA, Fur'cida ; diminutive of fnron,
'a fork.' The upper part of the sternum, the
cliiviclo. The Fourchclle.
Fi'itcKi.i.A Tnpkhior, Xiphoid cartilage.
FUKCU.MUIIL, MINERAL WATERS OF.
The.se Bavarian springs contain carbonic acid,
sulphuretted hydrogen, carbonates of lime and
s'lila; chlorides of lime and magnesium, oxides
of iron and magnesium, &c.
FUKCIFRRA. Penis.
FUROFLLA, FourcJietle.
FURCULA, Fureella, Clavicle, FonrcJictte.
FURFAlt UTERINE. Nymphomania.
FURFUR, (from far, 'bran,') liran, Pit'yron.
Arh'yroii. Apoliron'tno, Lemnid, Cantnbrn'no, (F.)
l<im. The decoction is sometimes employed as
an emollient.
FURFURA, Scarf.
FURFURA'CEOUS, from furfur, 'bran.'
flcurfy, Canivii'cenus, Fithyri' nu8, Fityroides,
Piti/ni'deH, (F.) Furfurace. Resembling bran.
A name given to eruptions, in which the epider-
mis is detached in small scales resembling bran.
Al.<o, a hran-like sediment observed at times in
the urine ; — Urina furfura'ce<t, Sedinien'tnm
Vri'iia; plti/ro'idea.
FURFURAMIDE, see Furfurinc.
FURFURATIO, Desquamation, Porrigo, Pity-
riasis.
FUR'FURINE, Furfiri'nn, from furfur,
'bran.' By the action of dilute xtdphuric acid on
com meal or bran an oil is obtained— /(((y'lo-o^ or
furfnrnle. By the action of ammonia on this,
fiirfurainide or furfuroltimide results: and by the
action of dilute potassa on this the alkaloid fur-
fnrine is obtained. This was found by Professor
Simpson, of Edinburgh, to possess tonic, if not
ontipericidio, properties.
FURFURISCA, Pitvriasis.
FURFUROL, .see Furfurine.
FURFUROLAMTDE. see Furfurine.
FU'RIA INFERNA'LIS. A kind of vermi-
form insect, scarcely two lines long, common in
Sweden, which flies about and stings both man
and animals, exciting the most excruciating
torture.
FURrBUNDIIS, Maniodes.
FURrOSUS, Maniodes.
FURIOU.-^. Maniodes.
FURMA(5E, Cheese.
FURMENTY, Frument.
FURNAS, MINERAL "WATERS OF. A
thermal chalybeate water in St. Michael's, Azores,
which contains carbonic acid, and carbonate of
iron.
FURONCLE, Furun cuius.
FUR ONCL E G UNIFIER. A majignant boil,
Wasp's next boil, which generally attacks the
nape and region of the neck, and rarely others
than old people. Hence it has been called Old
People's boil.
FURONCULEUX, Furuncular.
FUROR, Mania— f. Brevis, Rage — f. Mania,
Mania- -f. Uterinus, Nymphomania.
FURRED, sec Endnit.
FURROW, MENTO- LABIAL, see Mento-
labiiil furrow.
FURUN'CULAR, J'Hnni'cH?o»s,/'i(n(nc((fo'«i(«,
(F.) Furonculeux. Relating or appertaining to
furunculus. — as 'a, furuncular epidemic.'
FURUNCULI ATOMCI, Ecthyma — f., Ven-
triculus, see Furunculus.
FURUN'CULOID, Fumnculoi'des. A hybrid
term, from furunculus, and £i(!os, 'resemblance.'
Resembling furunculus, — as 'a furunculoid epi-
demic'
FURUN'CULUS, from farere, 'to be mad.'
Clii'adus, Olri'oli, Doth'ien, Dolhion, Furun'cnlua
suppurato'riua, F. Verus, F. beniy'nus, PInj ma fu-
run'cuius, Absces'sus inicle<t'tus, a furuncle, a boil,
a bile, (Sc.) Bruick, Jiruk, (Prov.) Pinsiceaf; (F.)
Fnroncle, Fronde, Clou. A small phlegmon,
which appears under the form of a conical, hard,
circumscribed tumour, having its seat in the der-
moid te.xture. At the end of an uncertain period,
it becomes pointed, white or yellow, and gives
exit to pus mixed with blood. When it breaks,
a small, grayish, fibrous mass sometimes a])pears,
which consists of dead areolar tissue. Thi.s is
called the Core, Setfast, Vcntric'ulus seu Nucleus
Furun' culi, (F. ) liourbillon. The abs(!css does
not heal until after its separation. The indica-
tions of treatment are, — to discuss by the appli-
cation of leeches and warm fomentations; — or,
if thLs cannot be done, to encourage suppuration
by warm, emollient cat:iplasms. When suppu-
ration is entirel^v established, the part may be
opened or suffered to break, according to circum-
stances.
The term blind boil is given to an indolent,
imperfectly suppurating, phlegmonous tumour,
of the kind described above, which is often seated
in a sebaceous follicle, as in Acne indurate.
Fuiiu-vcuLU."? Gangr^nosus, Anthrax — f. Ma-
lignns. Anthrax.
FUSARIA VERMICULARIS, Ascaris vermi-
cularis — f. Visceralis et renalis, Strongylus
FUSEE PURULENTE (F.). The long and
sinuous route which pus takes, in certain cases,
in making its way to the surface. These Fusees
almost always form jeiieath the skin between the
muscles; or along aponeuroses, bones, tendons,
FUSEL OIL, see Oil, fusel.
FUSIBLE, see Fusion.
FUSIBILITY, see Fusion.
FUSION, Fu'sio, Melting, Liqucfac'tion ; from
fundere, fusuni, 'to melt.' In chyniistry, the
transition of a solid body into a liquid by the aid
of heat. Substances capable of such transition
are said to be fusible ; or to be possessed of /iisi-
biliii/.
FUSTIC TREE, Cladastris tinctoria.
FUTUTRIX, Tribas.
GAB
410
GALACTOPOSIA
G.
The Greek G, r, with the ancient Greek phy-
sicians, signified an ounce. — Rhod. ad Seribonium.
GAB, Mouth.
GABALLA, Cabal.
GABELLA, Mesophryon.
G.'VBIR'EA, yafiipea. A fatty kind of myrrh,
mentioned by DioscoriJos.
GADUS iEGLIFINUS, see Oleum jecoris
aselli — g. Callarias, see Oleum jecoris aselli — g.
Carbonarius, see Oleum jecoris aselli — g. Lota,
see Oleum jecoris aselli — g. Merluocius, sec Oleum
jecoris aselli — g. Morrhua, see Oleum jecoris
aselli — g. PoUachius, see Oleum jecoris aselli.
G^OPHAGIA. Geophagism.
GiEOPH'AGUS, from yaia, 'earth,' and (paydi,
•I eat.' One who eats earth.
GAGEL, Myrica gale.
GAGUE SANG, Caque-sang.
GAHET, CcKjot.
GATAC, Guaiacura.
GAILLET ACCROCHANT, Galium aparine
— </. Orockant, Galium aparine — </. Jaune, Galium
verum — jr. Vrai, Galium verum.
GAINE, Vagina or sheath — </. de I'Apnphi/se
atyhj'ide, Vaginal process of the temporal bone —
g. de la Veine parte, Vagina or sheath of the vena
porta.
GAITLING, Infans.
GALA, yaXa, genitive yaXajcro;, milk; hence:
GALACTACRA'SL\. from yaXa, and axpaaia,
'imperfect mixture.' A morbid mixture or con-
stitution of the milk.
GALACTACRATIA, Galactia.
GALACT^E'MIA, from ya\a, and ' aijia, 'blood.'
A condition of the blood in which it contains
milk.
GALACTAGOGA, Galaetopoetica.
GALACTAPOSTEMA, Mastodynia apostema-
tosa.
GALACTIA, GalactirrJiop'a, Gnlnctorrlnr'n,
from yaXa. Lactis redund<tn't!n, Pol;/r/nl,ac't}n,
Gdhtctoze'mia. A redundant flow of milk, either
in a female who is suckling, or in one who is not.
It may occur without being provoked by suck-
ling. When to a great extent, it sometimes causes
wasting; I'ahes lac'ten, T. uutri'cnni. Dr. Good
uses Gdlac'lia, in his Nosology, for 'morbid flow
or deficiency of milk,' Galactucrati'a.
GALACflCUS, Lactic.
GALACTIDRO'SIS, from ya\a, and 'i^p^un,
'sweating.' Sweating of milk.
GALACTIFER, Galactophorous.
GALACTINE, Casein.
GALACTINUS. Lactic.
GALACTIRRHGEA, Galactia.
GALACTIS, Galaxias.
GALACTIS'CIIESIS, Galactos'chesis, Lacfii
reten'tio, from ya\a, and lax^iv, 'to restrain.'
Retention or suppression of milk.
GALACTITES, Galaxias.
GALACTOCATARACTA, Cataract, milky,
GALACTOCE'LE, Gnhicton'om, Lactoce'le,
from yaXa, and KtjXij, 'a tumour.' Tumor lac'teiis.
Distension of one or more of the galactophorous
sinuses by milk. Lactiferous engorgement. The
French use the term Foil for such engorgement;
a relic of an idea, as old as Aristotle, that a hair
BWiiUowed may have obstructed one of the milk
tubes, which must be got rid of by sucking.
The name has, also, been given by Vidal de
Cassis to a tumour produced by an effusion of a
white liquid into the tunica vaginalis, which he
considered to be true milk.
GALACTODEN'DRON U'TILE, from yaXa,
and 6cvSpov, 'a tree.' Pulo de Vucea, Aibol de
Leche, Cuw tree of South America. Fdinili/, Ur-
ticacciB. When an incision is made into the
trunk, a fluid similar to milk flows out, which is
agreeable and nutritious.
GALACTO'DES. from yaXa, and cdof, 'resem-
blance.' In Hippocrates, the term signifies milk-
warm, and likewise a milky colour, as of the urino
— iirl'iia galdcto'des.
GALACTODI^'TA, DicB'tn /ac'iea, from yaXa,
and SiaiTa, 'diet.' A milk diet.
GALACTODIARRIiffiA, Coeliac Flux.
GALACTOGANGLION, Milk knot.
GALACrOHTE'.MIA, Galiuthat'mu,, Gnla'mia,
from yaXa, and 'aiyiu, 'blood.' Lartin xtfif/iiiiiD-
len'ti Excre'tio. The secretion of bloody ur
bloodlike milk.
GALACTOMASTOPARECTOMA, Mastody-
nia aposteniiitosa.
GALACTOM'ETER, Lactom'eter, from yaXa,
and nerpov, 'measure.' An instrument for nppre-
oiating the quantity of cream in milk. It is a
kind of graduated separatory or eproiwette — tlio
degrees on the scale indicating the thickness of
the layer of cream that forms on the surface of
the milk.
GALACTONCUS, Galactoeele.
GALACTOPH'AGOUS, Gahictoph'arpis, Lne-
tiv'oriis, sometimes used substantively ; i'roin
yaXa, and (puyuj, 'I eat.' That which feeds on
milk. A name given to certain people, with
whom milk appears to constitute the chief nou-
rishment.
GALACTOPIIORA, Galaetopoetica.
GALACTOPIiORITIS. Inflammation of the
galactophorous ducts. It has been inaccurately
used for ulceration of the top of the nipple
towards their orifices.
GALACTOPHOROUS, Lactiferous— g. Ducts,
Lactiferous ducts — g. Receptacle, see Lactiferous
vessels — g. Sac, see Lactiferous vessels — g.
Sinuses, see Lactiferous vessels.
GALACTOPH'ORUS. Some accoucheurs have
given this name to an instrument intended to fa-
cilitate sacking, when the faulty conformation of
the nipple prevents the child from laying hold
of it.
GALACTOPH'YGUS, from y,iXa, and 4,a>yciv,
'to shun.' That which arrests or disperses the
secretion of milk. Hence Galactoph'i/gn Medi-
camen'tn.
GALACTOPLA'NIA, Metas'taaig sen Ahcr-
rn'tio seu VicR extraijrdina'rim Incti's, G(diict(jr-
rhie'a erro'nea, from yaXa, and nXavrj, 'wiimler-
ing.' Extravasation of milk into the areoliir
membrane. Secretion of milk elsewhere than
from the breasts.
GALACTOPLERO'SIS, from yaXa, and rXn-
puais, 'repletion.' Redundance of milk.
GALACTOPOEA, Galaetopoetica.
GALACTOPOESIS, Galactosis.
GALACTOPOET'ICA, Goh.ctoph'ora, Galnc
tago'gn, Giilacfiiprie'd, from ynXa, and Troitu, 'I
make.' Substances to which has been attributed
the property of favouring the secretion of milk
and augmenting its quantity.
GALACTOPOIESIS, Galactosis.
GALACTOPO'SIA, from yaXa, and noati,
GALACTOPOTES
411
GALIUM
'drink.' The drinking of milk. Treatment of
a disoiise l>y ineiins of milk.
GALACTOP'OTE.S, Gnluciop'otHK, Lactip'otor.
Siiiiiu etymon. A drinker of milk. One sub-
jected to a milk diet.
GAL.ACTOPYKA, Fever, milk.
GALACTOPYRETUS, Fever, milk.
GALACTORRlia<]A, Galactia — g. Erronea,
Giiliifto[jlania — g. Saccharata, Saccharorrhoea
hi'; tea.
(JALACTO.SACCHARUM, Saccharum lactis.
GALACT0.SC1IESIS, G;ilactischesis.
GALACTO'SIS, Gultictopoie'sis, Galactopoe'-
sin, S'cie'iio liictiH ; from yaXa. The secretion
or formation of milk. _
(JALACTOT'ROPHE, Galactntroph'ia, from
yaXa, and rpii'lirt, 'nourishment.' Nourishment
by means of milk.
(JALACTOZE'MIA, from ya\a, and ^nfia,
'li).«s.' Lops of milk. Also, Galactia.
GALACTU'CIIOS, from yaXa, and i^eiv, 'to
have.' Suckling. Giving milk.
GALACTURIA, Chyluria.
GAIiiE-MTA, Galactohajmia.
GA1jAN(}A, Maranta galanga.
GALAiVGAL, Maranta galanga,
GA LANG ALE, Cyporus longus.
(iALARIKEUS LATIIYRIS, Euphorbia la-
tbvris — g. Palustris, Euphorbia palustris.
GAIiARIl'S. Alliimanda.
GALAX APIIYL'LA, G. rotundifo'lia, Ery-
ihroi-rhi'zd rotiiudifd'Ha ; Cnrpenter'a leaf, Beetle-
weed ; indigenous; Order Ericaceaj. The root is
astringent, and the leaves, in domestic practice,
are applied to cuts and wounds.
GALA XI A, Thoracic duct.
G ALAXTAS, Gnhtcti'len, Grdne'tis ; from yaXa.
A milk sti)ne. A stone sup|)osed to be capable
of t>i'omoliiig the secretion of milk.
GALRANUM, see Bubon galbanum — g. Long-
leaved, Buhon galbanum.
GA1/1!ULUS, from gnjbnn, 'yellow.' A kind
of congenital jaundice, in which the yellow colour
cuntiiiues through life. It is rather a defect in
colimr than a disease. — Vogel.
GALE. Myrica gale — g. Odorant, Myrica gale
— g. Scotch, Myrica gale — g. Sweet, Myrica gale.
GALE, Psora — g. Canine, Psoriasis — g. Epi-
dfmique. Eczema — g. Miliai're, Psoriasis — g.
Seclie, Lichen, Psoriasis.
GA'LEA. A helmet, from Y''^^<'t '"■ cat;' of
the skin of which it was formerly made. [?] A
name given to the amnion, and also to the band-
Qije of Giihn. In Pathohigy, it indicates a head-
ach affecting the whole head. Sec, also, Caul.
Galba Aponkiirot'ica Cap'itis, Ga'lea ten-
diii'en Santori'ni, Ga'len cap'itis, Jfembra'na
epiera'nin. The tendinous expansion which
unites the frontal and occipital portions of the
occipito-fron talis muscle.
GALEAMAUROSIS. Amaurotic cat's eye.
GALEAN'CON, Galian'con, from yaXca, '&
cnt,' 'a weasel,' and ayKiav, 'an elbow.' Miiste-
Iti'iiens. One who has two short arms.
GALE A i\ ' T II R 0 P Y, Galeanthro'pia, from
ynXtii, 'a cat,' and av^pionof, 'a man.' A variety
of melancholy in which the patient believes him-
self changed into a cat. An affection similar to
lyeanthropy and cynanthropy.
G/VLE'GA, G, or/icina'lis sexi rtdga'ris sen Per'-
eira, Rutn eapra'ria, Goal's Rue, (F.) line de
rhivri', Fan.r Indigo. Ord. Loguminosae. It is
slightly aromatic, and was once used as a sudo-
rific and alexiterial in malignant fevers, &c.
Gai.koa .\poi.lixka, Tephrosia apoUinea — g.
Persica. (rnlega — g. Purpurea, Tephrosia apolli-
nea — g. Toxicaria. Tephroeia toxicnria.
GaI,i;':v ViiuiiNIA'na, T'pliro'aia Virginia'nn,
Turkey Pea, Hoar'!/ Pea, Devil's shoestrings, Vir-
ginia Goat's rue or cat-gut, is used in some parts
of the United States as an anthelmintic. The
decoction of the root is given.
Galkga Vulgaris, Galega.
GALENE, Graphites.
GALEN E A, Graphites.
GALEN'IC, Galen'ical, Galen'icus, Gale'nxus,
(F.) Galeniqne, from Galenus. That which re-
lates to the doctrine of GalenortoGalenism. Used,
substantively, for drugs that are not chymical.
Galenic Mhdicink, Galenism.
GA'LENISM, Galeu'ic med'ieine. The doc-
trine of Galen.
GA'LENIST, Galenis'ta, Galenis'tes. A fol-
lower of the doctrine of Galen.
GALENIUS, Galenic.
GALEOBDOLON, Galeopsis.
GALEOPDOLON, Galeopsis.
GALEOPSIDE, Galeopsis grandiflora.
GALEOPSIS, Lamium album.
Galkop'sis, G'lliiip'sis, Galeob'dolon, Galeop'-
dolon, La'mium rubrvni, Urti'cn iiiers magna fve-
tidia'eima, Stachys fee'tida, Hedge nettle, (F.)
Ortie morte des bois. Ord. Labiatie. From yii\ta,
'a weasel,' and oi^ij, 'appearance;' the c<jrolhi
having been supposed to resemble the head of
the weasel. This plant was formerly reckoned a
vulnerary and anodyne.
Galropsis Angustipolia, G. grandiflora — g.
Dubia, G. grandiflora.
Galkop'sis Grandiflo'ra, G. Orhrolen'ca seu
la'dannni seu angustifo'lia seu dn'bia seu pros-
tra'ta seu vilfo'sa, Tetrahit longiflo'rnm, G. Seg"-
ctum, flerba Sideri'tidis, (F.) Gnleopxide, Chaiivre
butiird. This plant is regarded in Germany as a
bitter resolvent. It is the basis, also, of a cele-
brated nostrum, the Plankenheimer 'Tea, called
likewise Lieber's jyectoral and phthisical herbs
(Liebersche Brust oder Auszehrungs-
Krauter), which has enjoyed great repute in
pectoral complaints. The tops of the plant are
given in decoction (,^j, boiled in a pint of water
for a quarter of an hour). This quantity to be
taken in a day.
Galkopsis Ladanum, G. grandiflora — g. Ochro-
leuca, G. grandiflora — g. Prostrata, G. grandiflora
— g. Segetum, 6. grandiflora.
Galeop'sis Versic'olor, is possessed of the
same virtues.
Galeopsis Villosa, G. grandiflora.
GALEROPIA, O.Kyopia.
GALEUX, Psoric.
GA'LIA. An ancient composition, in which
galls were an ingredient; the Galia pura. There
was also a Galia aroinat'ica, moscha'ta seu mns-
ca'ta, which consisted of a mixture of several
perfumes, such as musk.
GALIANCON, Galeancon.
GALIOPSIS, Galeopsis.
GALIP^A FEBRIFUGA, Cusparia febrifuga
— g. Officinalis, see Cusparia febrifuga.
GALIPOT, see Pinus sylvestris.
GA'LIUM, Gal'lium, (from ya\a, 'milk,' be-
cause some species curdle milk.) G. verum.
Galium Album, G. Mollugo.
Ga'lhtm ApARl'Nli, G. infest'um seu aparino'i'-
des seu brachycarp'on seu scaber'rimum, Vidiin'tia
apari'ne, Apari'ne, A. his'pida. Lappa, Phihin-
thro'pus, Ampeloear'pus, Oniphalocar'piis, I.rns,
Asphari'ne, Asper' nia. Goose-grass. Clearer's
bees. Cleavers, Goose-share, Robin-rnn-the-hed(p',
Hayriff, (Old Eng.) Clitheren, (Prov.) Clider, Cli-
ver ; Ocr/cr, Rubiaceae ; Sejr. Syst. Tetrandria Mo-
nogynia. (F.) Gaillet oecrochant,G.crochant,Grat-
teron. The expressed juice has been given as an
aperient diuretic in incipient dropsies ; also in
cancer: and the decoction in Lepra and Psoriasis.
Galium Aparanoides, G. aparine.
Ga'lium Asprell'cm, Bough bed-straic, Bough
GALL
412
GANGLION
todies' hed-straw ; indigenous; has the diuretic
properties of most of its genus.
Galium Beiachycarpon, G. aparine — g. Cau-
casicuin, G. veriim.
Galium CirC/F/zaxs, WHd Liquon're. Master
of the Woo<i.t. An indigenous plant, which flow-
ers from June to August. It is demulcent and
diuretic, and is a popular domestic remedy.
Galium Infeste, G. aparine — g. Luteum, Q.
verum.
Galium MoLLn'oo, Gnlinm album seu Tyro-
I-ii'k?, Alys'sum Plin'ii. Greater Indies' bed-straw,
(F.) CixiUehiit bldiir. The herb and flowers have
been used medicinally in epilepsy.
Galium OnouATUM, Asperula odorata — g. Sca-
berrimum, G. aparine.
Ga'fjum TiN'CTo'RUM. an American species,
closely allied in properties to G. verum.
GALitrM Tyrolense, G. mollugo — g. Tubercu-
liitum, G. verura.
Ga'lium Verum, Gn'lium, G. hi'teum seu Can-
Cd'siviim seu tuhercula'tum, Ladies' bed-straw,
Cheese -rennet, Bed -straw, Cleavewort, Gonse-
(jrass, Savnynn, Clabber-grass, Milksieeet, Poor
Jiobin, Grnvel-grass, (F.) GaiUet jaune ou vrni,
Vrai Caillelait. The tops were used in the cure
(.'■ epilepsy. The leaves and flowers possess the
property of curdling milk.
GALL, Bile, see Chafing, and Eczema impetigi-
nodes, Quercus infectoria, and Vitrum — g. of the
I'iiirth, Prenanthes, P. alba — g. Nut, see Quercus
infectoria — g. of the Ox, see IJile — g. of the Skin,
Chafing — g. Turkey, see Quercus infectoria.
GALL-BLADDER, Vesie'nla fellis, Chol'c-
C)/st, Cholecys'tis, FolUc'idiis fellis, Cystis fel'Iea
seu chnled'ochiis, Vesi'ca fellea seu bilin'rin,
Vesic'ida bilis, Follic'uliis feVleus, (F.) Vesicule
(hi fiel ou bilitiire. Reservoir de In bile. A
membranous, pyriform reservoir, lodged in a su-
ytorfieial depression at the inferior surface of the
right lobe of the liver. It receives, by the hepa-
tic and cystic ducts, a portion of the bile secreted
by the liver, when the stomach is empty, which
becomes in it more acrid, bitter, and thick. It
receives an artery, called the cystic. Its veins
empty into the vena porta. Its nerves come from
the hepatic plexus, and its lymphatic vessels join
tho'je of the liver.
GALLA, see Quercus infectoria — g. Maxima
Orbiculata, see Quercus infectoria.
GALL^ QUERCUS, see Quercus infectoria—
g. Tinctoriiic. see Quercus infectoria — g. Turcicae,
see Quercus infectoria.
GALLATURA, Molecule.
GALLE DE CHENE, see Quercus infectoria.
GALLI GALLINACEI CAPUT, Gallinaginis
caput.
GALLTNAG"INIS CAPUT, GalU gnllinn'cei
C'iput, Caput gnllinn'ceum, Collie'idus semiua'b's,
C'triin'culit semitia'lis, Vcru montn'num, Crista
iirethra'h's seu nre'thrce, Crete urMtrnle, — (Ch.,)
frnm galliiiagt). gallinaginis, 'a woodcock.' An
oblong, rounded projection, formed by the mucous
membrnne in the spongy portion of the urethra,
at the sides of which the ej.iculatory ducts open.
GAL'LIPOT, {Prov.) Ghnnpot. Perhaps from
gala, 'finery.' [?] A pot painted and glazed, or
merely glazed, and commonly used to hold medi-
cines.
GALLTTRTCnUM, Salvia sclarea.
GALLIUM, Galium.
G.\LLS, see Quercus infectoria — g. Bussorah,
see Quercus infectoria — g. Mecca, see Quercus
infectoria.
GALLSTCKNESS, Fever, Walcheren.
GALLSTONES, Calculi, biliary.
GALLUS, Eunuch.
GALREDA, Gelatin,
6ALVANIA VELLOZIL Palicourea Marc-
graavii.
GALVANIC CAUTERY, see Moxa.
GA L VAX ISA TION, (Jalvanization.
GAL'VANISM, Gatvanis'nins, Etrctric"il„a
auima'lis seu Galvan'ica seu metal'lica, /rrila-
tnen'inm metallo'ruin seu metal'licum, Vid'taism,
Vdlta'ic or Chemical or Contact Electricity. Called
after Galvani. A series of phenomena, eonsistiiii''
in sensible movements, executed bj' animal purls,
which are endowed with irritability, when i)laccd
in connexion with two metallic plates of ditlcrent
nature, between which a communication i.«! esta-
blished by direct contact or by means of a metal-
lic wire. Galvanism has been employed ine<lici-
nally in the same cases as electricity, and espe-
cially in neuralgic afl'eetions. It is ofien applied
in the form of plates, — " Mansford's plates." In
asthma, for example, a small blister, the size of a
dollar, may be placed on the neck over the course
of the phrenic and pneumogastric nerves, and
another on the side, in the region of the dia-
phragm. One metal is placed mediately or im-
mediately over the vesicated surface on the neck,
and another over that in the side. They are
then connected by means of a wire. The new
nervous impression, in this way induced, is often
signallv beneficial.
GALVANIZATION, Gah-anisa'tlo, (F.) Gid-
vanisation. The act of affecting with galvanism.
Galvanization, Lo'calized. (F.) Gtilvnnim.
tion localisee. A mode of employing galvanism,
proposed by Duchenne, of Boulogne, by which, ho
conceives, the electric influence may be arrested,
at will, in the skin; or, without any incision or
puncture, the skin may be traversed, and the elec-
tric influence be limited to the organs which it co-
vers— to the nerves, muscles, and even the bones.
GALVANOPUNCTURE, Electropuncture.
GAMBA, Patella,
GAMBARUS, Crab.
GAMBIER, see Catechu and Nauclea gambir.
GAMBIR, see Catechu and Nauelea gambir.
GAMBOGIA, Cambogia.
GAMBOIDIA, Cambogia.
GAMMARUS, Crab.
GAM'MATA FERRAMEN'TA. Cauteries,
having the shape of the Greek letter r, gamma,
which were used for cauterizing hernia.
GAMMAUT, Gammot. The Italians, accord-
ing to Scultetus, gave this name to a kind of
crooked bistouri, used for opening abscesses,
GAMMISMUS, Psammismus.
GAMPHE, Gcna.
GAMPHELE, Gena, Maxillary Bone.
GANGAME, Epiploon.
GAN(MMUM, Epiploon.
GANGLIA CEREBRI POSTICA, Thalami
nervorum opticorum — g. Formative, see Ganglion
— g. Hemispherical, Hemispheres of the hrain
— g. of Increase, see Ganglion — g. Nervorum,
Ganglions, nervous, see Ganglion — g. Respira-
tory, see Encephalon — g. Sensory, see Sensory
ganglia — g. Stomato-gastric, see Encephalon.
GANGLIAR, Ganglionic.
GANGLIATED, Ganglionic.
GANG'LIFORM, Gang'lioform. Gnnglifnr'mis.
Having the shape of a ganglion. From ganglion,
and forma, 'form.'
GANGLIITIS. Ganglionitis.
GANGLI'OLUM, Diminutive of ganglion. A
small ganglion.
GANGLIO'MA. A tumour of the glands or
of the lymphatic ganglions, and especially epi-
thelioma of them. — Nysten.
GANG'LTON, Gang'lium. In anatomy, a name
generally given to a knot-like enlargement in the
course of a nerve. It is applied, however, to
organs differing considerably from each other in
GANGLION
413
GANGRENE
si/.e, colour, texture, functions, <tc. They are
diviiled into (jlninHfi)im, hjniphntic, and nervoiin.
1. Gliiiidifonn (jaiKjl'iDHH, called also ndeiioid, vnn-
tii/'(y, and Hanyaineona giiiuiliunii ; hliitd. iiporic,
diictleiH, blood, and vascular (jlnndu ; (jUindalm
Hfiurim, <fec'., are organs of whose functions we
are, in general, ignorant; and which have the
U|)i)cnraiice of glands. They arc formed of ag-
glomerated globules, pervaded by blood-vessels
surrounded by areolar membrane, and contain a
milky or yellowish fluid. To this class belong the
tpleen, thymus, thyroid, and supra-renal glands.
They arc, doubtless, concerned in sanguilieation.
2. Lijni}jli"t'ic (/niii^lionn. See Conglobate. 3. jVe/'-
voim (I'liKjIioHH, GaiKjlia seu Gauglio'nea seu Nodi
peu Niid'idi Nervo'ruui, Tiimu'res seu Plexus
ijniiijl inform' ea, Ple.viin glandi/or'mes, Tuher'ctda
iiodo'ia Nervo'rum, Divertic' tda spiritumn ani-
via'liuiii, Gdwjlia of iiicreime, Forrn'iitine (jany'lia.
Enlargements or knots in the course of a nerve.
They belong, in general, to the system of the
great sympathetic. One exists on the posterior
root of every spinal nerve, and on one cerebral, —
the 5th. Biehat regarded them as so many small
brains, or centres of nervous action, independent
of the eneephalon, and intended exclusively for
organic life. Being formed by the union of the
cerebral and spinal nerves, they may send out
the influence of both these nervous centres to the
parts to which the nerves proceeding from them
are distributed. Ganglia are chiefly composed of
vesiculiir neurine; and appear to be concerned
in the formation and dispensation of nerve power.
(lANfii.io.v, (yayyAto)-, Aetius.) Same etymon.
Empltij'ma encys'tin i/imglion. A globular, hard,
indolent tumour, without change in the colour of
the skin ; of a size varying from that of a pea, to
that of an egg, and always situate in the course
of a tendon. The tumour is formed of a viscid,
albuminous fluid, contained in a cyst of greater
or less thickness. The cyst is sometimes loose;
but in the majority of cases it communicates, by
a narrow footstalk, with the sheath of a tendon,
or even with the synovial capsule of a neighbour-
ing articulation. The causes are generally un-
known. The treatment consists in compression,
percussion, the use of discutients, extirpation, or
incision.
Ganglion Abdomlvale, G. semilunar — g. Ade-
noid, (i. glandiform — g. of Andersch, Petrous
ganglion — g. Annular, see Ciliary ligament — g.
of Arnold, Oticum ganglion — g. Auricular, Oti-
cum (}. — g. Azygous, see Trisplanchnic nerve —
g. Cardiac, Cardiac ganglion — g. Carotic or Ca-
rotid, see Carotid or Carotic nerve — g. Caver-
nous, see Carotid or Carotic nerve — g. Cerebelli,
Corpus dentatum — g. Cerebral, anterior, Corpora
striiita — g. Cerebri Anterius, Corpora striata —
g. Cerebral, iiiferienr, grand, Thalami nervorum
opticorum — g. Cerebral, posterior, Thalami ner-
vorum optieornm — ;/. dii Cervelet, Corpus denta-
tum— g. Ciliare, Corpus dentatum — g. Ciliary,
Ophthalmic ganglion — g. Corpuscles, see Neu-
riue.
Gangmon op Ehrenritt'er, Gavglion nervi
gloein-phari/iii/e' i niipe'riiii, G. jiigida're supe'riiis
seu Elireiiritt'cri seu Mull'eri. A reddish-gray
mass on the glosso-pharyngeal nerve in the fora-
men lacerum, above the ganglion of Andersch.
Qangi-ion of TtiK Fifth Nerve, G. of Gasser.
Ganglion of Gasser, Gau'glinm seu Gan'-
glion Gasi'eri seu Gasserin'nnm seu aemiluna're,
J/oles gtnigU/orm'in, fiitniiiescen'tia gnugliforni'in
seu seniitiiiiti'ris, Ta'nia nervo'in Unll'eri, Gan-
glion of the Jifih nerre. A semicircular knot on
the 5th pair of nerves, before its division into
three branches.
(Janglion, Glandiform, see Ganglion — g.
Globulcs,seo Neurine — g. Impar,see Trisplanchnic
nerve — g. Jugulare superius, G. of Ehrenritter — g.
Xi-nVe»x, Milk-knot — g. of Laumonier, see Carotid
or Carotic nerve — g. Lenticular, Ophthalmic G. —
g. Lymphatic, Conglobate gland — g. MuxUlu-
tympanique, Oticum G. — g. of Meckel, Spheno-
palatine G. — g. Mulleri, G. of Ehrenritter — g.
Nasopalatine, see Nasopalatine ganglion — g.
Nervi glosso-pharyngei superius, G. of Ehrenrit-
ter— g. Nervous, Neuroma — g. Ophthalmic, see
Ophthalmic ganglion — g. Optic, Quadrigemina
tubercula — g. Orbitar, G. ophthalmic — g. Oticum,
Oticum G. — g. Petrosal, see Petrous ganglion.
Ganglion op the Pneujiogas'tric. A gan-
glionic structure in thepneumogastric as it passes
through the foramen lacerum posterius.
Ganglion op Ribes. A nervous ganglion upon
the anterior communicating artery of the brain,
and to be found at the point of junction of the
right and left trunks of the sympathetic.
Ganglion, Sanguineous, G. glandiform — g.
Semilunare, G. of Gasser, Ophthalmic ganglion
— g. Sensory, see Sensory ganglia — g. Solare, G.
semilunare — g. Sphenoidal, Sphenopalatine gan-
glion— g. Spinal, see Eneephalon — g. Splanch-
nicum, G. semilunare — g. Superienr du cerrean
(grand,) Corpora striata — g. of the Superior
Laryngeal Branch, see Pneumo-gastric nerves —
g. Siirren(d, G. semilunare — g. Thyroid, see Tri-
splanchnic nerve — g. Transversum, G. semilunare
— g. Vascular, G. glandiform — g. Vertebral, see
Trisplanchnic nerve — g. de Vieunsens, Coeliao
plexus.
GANGLIONARY, Ganglionic.
GANGLIONES NEKVOllUxM, Ganglions,
nervous.
GANGLION'IC, Ganglion' icm, Gan'glionnry,
Gan'gliar, Gan'giiated, from ganglion, (F.) Gan-
glionnaire. Relating to ganglia. Nerves are so
called in the course of which ganglions are met
with ; as the greater part of the branches of the
great sympathetic or trisplanchnic, the posterior
roots of the spinal nerves, <S;c. Ganglionics, ac-
cording to Dr. Pereira, are agents, which affect
the ganglionic or great sympathetic system of
nerves, [?] — as stimulants and sedatives.
Ganglionic Nerve. Trisplanchnic nerve — g.
Nervous System, see Trisplanchnic nerve.
GANGL'IONI'TIS, Gang/ii'tin, from yayy>iov,
'a ganglion,' and itix, denoting inlianimation.
Inflammation of a nervous ganglion. Sometimes
used for inflammation of a lymphatic ganglion.
Ganglionitis Peripuerica et Mepullaris,
Cholera.
GANGLTONNAIRE, Ganglionic.
GANGLIUM, Ganglion — g. Gasseri, Ganglion
of Gasser.
GANGR^NA, Gangrene — g. Alopecia, Alo-
pecia— g. Caries, Caries — g. Nosocomiorum, Hos-
pital gangrene — g. Oris, Cancer aqiiatieus — g.
Ossis, Spina ventosa — g. Ossium, Caries — g.
Pottii, see Gangrene, and Gangrene of old peojde
— g. Pulinonum, Nccroimeumonia — g. Senilis,
Gangrene of old people — g. Sphacelus, Sphacelus
— g. Tonsillarum, Cynanche maligna — g. Ustila-
ginea, Ergotism — g. Vaginae, Colpocace.
GAXGR^EXESCENTIA, Gangraenosis.
GANGR.EXICUS, Gangrenous.
GANGR.TIXODES, Gangrenous.
GANGR.ENOPS'IS, from yayypaiva, 'gan-
grene, ando\Us, 'tJie countenance.' Cancer aquji-
ticus ; also, gangrenous inflammation of the eye-
lids ; Jilephari'tin gangrceno'sa. — Siebenhaar.
GANGRjENO'SIS, Gangrcsneicen'tia, from
yayypatva, 'gangrene.' The state of being gan-
grenous or of becoming gangrenous.
GANGR.EXOSUS, Gangrenous.
G.\NGREXE, Gangra'na, Cancrc'nn, Hot mnr.
tifcation, (F.) Gangrene, G. Chaude, Afplnj.rie dca
parties, from ypaa, ypairu>, ' I eat.' Privation of
GANGRENE DE LA EOUCnE 414 GARULEUM BIPINNATUM
life or partial death of an organ. Authors have
generally distinguished mortification into two
stages; naming the first incipient or (/anc/rene.
It is attended with a sudden diminution of feel-
ing in the part aft'ected ; livid discoloration ; de-
tachment of the cuticle, under which a turbid
fluid is effused; with crepitation, owing to the
disengagement of air into the areolar texture.
AVhen the part has become quite black, and in-
capable of all feeling, circulation, and life, it con-
stitutes the second stage, or mortificdtion, and is
called sph(c"elu8. (xangrene, however, is fre-
quently used synonymously with mortification, —
local axphyxln being the term employed for that
condition, in which the parts are in a state of
suspended animation, and, consequently, suscep-
tible of resuscitation. When the part is filled
with fluid entering into putrefaction, the affection
is called hiimiii yangrene, (F.) Gani/rene Innnlde:
on the other hand, when it is dry and shrivelled,
it constitutes rfry (/n»_7;'P»e/ (F.) Gangrene seche.
To this class belongs the gangra'na seiii'lis, G.
Pot'tii, Prei^hyosphac'' etns, or upontaneous gan-
grene of old people, which rarely admits of cure.
Whatever may be the kind of gangrene, it may
be caused by violent inflammation, contusion, a
burn, congelation, the ligature of a large arterial
trunk, or by some inappreciable internal cause.
The treatment, both of external and internal
gangrene, varies according to the causes which
produce it. Gangrene from excessive inflamma-
tion is obviated by antiphlogistios ; and that from
intense cold by cautiously restoring the circula-
tion by cold frictions, <fec. When the gangrene
has become developed, the separation of the
eschars must be encouraged by emollient appli-
cations, if there be considerable reacticm ; or by
tonics and stimulants, if the reaction be insuiB-
cient.
Gaxgreme, Hospital, see Hospital gangrene
— g. of the Lungs, Necropneumonia.
GANGRENE DE LA BOUGHE, Cancer
aquaticus — g. Chmide, Gangrene — g. Froide,
Sphacelus — g. Hiimide, see Gangrene — g. Seche,
see Gangrene — g. Hopital, Hospital gangrene —
g. dn Foumon, Necropneumonia — g. des Sulonois,
Ergotism.
GAN'GRENOUS. Gnngr(B'nicua,Gangr(pno'sHS,
Gangr^.no'dea, (Y.) Gangrenenx. Affected with or
relating to gangrene.
Gangrenous Ekosion of the Cheek, Cancer
aquaticus.
GAN.TAH, Gunjah.
G ANTE LET (P.), Chirothe'ca, Faa'cin digi-
tn'lis, Gauntlet; from (F.) gant. 'a glove.' A
sort of bandage which envelops the hand and
fingers like a glove. It is made with a long
roller, about an inch broad: and is applied so
that the fingers are covered to their tips, when
it is called Gantelet entier ou complet. The Demi-
gantelet includes only the hand and base of the
fingers. Both bandages are used in fractures and
luxations of the fingers, burns of the hand, <fec.
See Chirotheca.
GANTS DES DAMES, Condom—^, de Notre
Dame, Digitalis.
GAOL CACHEXIA, see Cachexia, gaol.
GAPING, Yawning.
GARANCE, Rubia.
GARCIN'IA CA.MBO'GIA, G. seu Camhogin
gntia, }[angitsta' na Caiiihogia. Ord. Gnttiferas.
A tree of Ceylon, Family. Guttiferai, which affords
a concrete juice similar to Gamboge.
GAnciNiA GuTTA. G. Cambogia.
Garcin'iA MangOSTa'NA, .Uniigo.ita'na Gar-
cin'ia, from Garcin, who accurately described it.
The systernatic name of the Mangoxtan', Man-
guustan', Mitngoatine' or JIangosleen' tree, 3Ian-
gosta'na. It grows in great abundance in .Tava
and tlie Molucca islands. The fruit, wiiicli is
about the size of an orange, is delicious, and is
eaten in almost every disorder. The dried Ijiiik
is used medicinally in dysentery and tenesniiis ;
and a stroi^g decoction has been mucii esteemed
in ulcerated sore throat.
Gakcin'ia PiMiPii'itKA. From this species a
concrete oil of Mangostecn is olitaitieil, MJiicii is
called, in India, Kokiim butter, Kokiim being the
Indian name of Mangosteen. The oil is extracted
from the fruit by boiling. It is used in India in
cases of chaps.
GA R DE-MA LADE, Nurse.
GARDENIA DUMETORUM, Randia dumc-
toruin — g. Spinosa, G. dumetoruni.
GARDERO/iE, Artemisia abrotanum.
GARDEROHES, Faeces.
GARDINER'S ALIMENTARY PKEPAR.\-
TION. see Ory/.a.
GARDOUCHES, Vesiculse seminales.
GARETUM, Poples.
GARGALISMUS, Gargalus.
G.\R'GALl)S, Gar'gale, Gargalin'mm, Tilil-
la'tio, Irrita'lio. Pruri'lns. Titillation, irrita-
tion, itching. Also, masturbation ; and, rarely,
animal magnetism.
GARGAREON, Uvula.
GARGARISATIO, Gargarism.
GAR'GARISM, Gargaris'mns, Gargnris'mn,
Anngargalic'ton, Gargaris' mum, Colln'tio, Din-
vlys' ina, Anagargaris'ton, Anagargiirisni' us, Ana-
condiylh'jnns, Annconch yl las' nt us, Tililhoncu'tiim,
from ynpyapi^u), ' I wash the nioutli,' ' I gargle.'
A gargle. Any liquid medicine, intended to be
retained in the mouth, for a certain time, and to
be thrown in contact with the uvula, velum pen-
dulum, tonsils, &o. For this purpose, tiie licjuid
is agitated by the air issuing from the larynx, tlje
head being thrown back. Gargles are employed
in cynanche tonsillaris and other diseases of the
fauces, and are made of stimulants, sedatives,
astringents, refrigerants, &c., according to cir-
cumstances.
The process is termed gargling, gnrgarisa'tin.
The term colhilo'rium or cnllutorinm oris is ge-
nerally restricted to a wa.sh for the mouth.
(tAPi(tET, Phytolacca decandra.
GARtiLE, Gargarism.
GARGLINti, see Gargarism.
GAHGOUILLEMENT, Borborygmus, Gur-
gling. See lldh: mnqiieux.
GARLIC, Allium— g. Hedge, Alliaria — g.
Meadow, Allium Canadense.
GARLOCK, Sinapis arvensis.
GARtVSMUM, Chenopodium vulvaria.
GAROU BARK, Dai>hne gnidium.
GARRETII.M, Poples.
GARROPHYLLIIS, Eugenia caryophyllnta.
GARROT {¥.), garrol, from garottrr, 'to tie
fast.' A compressing bandage, tightened by
twisting a small cylinder of wood, by which the
arteries of a limb are compressed, for the purpose
of suspending the flow of blood in cases of heiuur-
rhage, aneurism, amputation, <fec.
GARROTILLO, Cynanche maligna.
GARRULITAS, Loquacity.
GARU'LEUM BIPINNA'TUM. A South Afri-
can plant, Ord. Composite: known under ttie
name Snakeroot, from its reputed effects as an
antidote to the bites of venomous serpents. The
root is a great favourite with the Boirs in chest
diseases — as asthma — and in affections in which
a free secretion from the mucous membrane of
the bronchia is indicated. It has diaphoretic
properties, and acts as a diuretic in gout and
dropsy. It is given in decoction or tincture. Dr.
Pappe thinks the root ought to have a place in
the Materia Medica.
GARUM
415
GASTRITIS
GARUM. yapov, Licul'men, Liqna'nien. The
anciLMit Koiniuis pave this name to a kind of
pickle niaile by colh'cting the liquor which flowed
from saltod and half-putrefied fish. It was used
ii.M a condiment.— The Geoponics, llumelberg on
ApiciuH. .Martial, &c.
(lAllVAXVH. Cicer arietinum.
GAS, see Gaz — %. Aniinoniacale, Ammonia —
p. Animale sanguinis, Uaz sanguinis — s.Azoticum,
^■/,„te — \r. Azoticuin oxyxenatum. Nitrogen, ga-
seous oxi'le of — g. Ilepaficum, Hydrogen, sul-
])huretted — g. Ilydrogenium sulphurctnni. Hy-
drogen, sulphuretted— g. Intoxicating, Nitrogen,
gaseous oxide of — g. Laughing, Nitrogen, gaseous
nxide of — g. of the Lungs. Gaz, pulmonary — g.
Nitrou.'?, deplilogisticated. Nitrogen, gaseous oxide
„f — <r. Oxygenate<l muriatic acid, Chlorine — g.
Oxyinuriatic .acid, Chlorine — g. Palustre, Miasm, i
marsh — g. Paradise. Nitrogen, gaseous oxide of
— g. Sul))hnris, Sulphuro-us acid.
CrASCARILLA, Croton cascarilla.
GASPING. Anhelntio.
GASTEIN, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Gastein or Gasteiner Wildha<l is in the N<iric
Alps, Austri.a. The waters are thermal. Temp.
100° to 118° Fah. They contain sulphate of
pnda, chloride of sodium, chloride of potassium,
carbonate of soda, carbonate of lime, magnesia,
uianganesp, iron, <fec.
GASTKR, yao-Ti/p. The abdomen. At times,
but rarely, the uterus. Also, the stomach, in
particular ; Hence :
GASTERALGIA, Gastrnlgia.
GASTEIIANAX, from yitoTrip, 'the abdomen,'
and ava^, 'a king.' A name given by DoUvus to
a hypothetical vital principle, corresponding to
the .\rcliaeus of Van Hehnont, the scat of which
he placed in the lower Viollv. .See Bithnimalca.
GASTERANGEMPHRAXIS, Gasterangiem-
phraxis.
GASTERANGIEMPHRAX'IS. Gnoteravrffm-
phi-rij-'ia, Gnntciem]>hrfi.r'iii. Obstruction of the
pylorus; from yaarr/p, 'stomach,' ay\io, 'I stran-
gle,' and tii<l)pti(Ttruo, ' I obstruct.' — Vogel. Also,
and properly, obstruction or congestion of the
vessels of the stoniach.
GASrihtASR. Pepsin.
GA,STERASTHENI'A./'m?)ec(7r(Vrtsseu^^oH'm
8CU Ijii.r'ilas i^eutrlc'iili ; from yaarrift, 'stomach,'
and aadivna, 'deliilily.' Debility of the stomach.
GAS I'EIIATAXIA. Emlmrran rjaatriqiie.
GASTERECIIE'MA, Gastrfchc'ma, Son'itus
itoniiich'iciin ; from ynarrfp, 'the stomach,' .and
tl\1H(i, 'sound.' SouikI heard on auscultating or
percussing the region of the stomach, and referred
to that organ.
GASTEREMPHRAXIS, Gasterangiem-
phrnxis.
GAS PERHYSTEROTOMY. Ccesarean section.
G ASTR^'E'MIA, from ycinrni), 'the stomach,
and 'acfiii, 'blood.' HvperrtMuia of the stomach.
GASrRAL(JIA. Cardi.ilEia.
GASTRAXEURyS.MA. Gastrectasis.
GASTRATROPH'IA. from yunTna, 'the sto-
mai'li.' and arpofia, 'wasting.' Atrophy of the
stomach.
GAS I'REOHEMA, Gasterechema.
GASTRECTASIS, Gastifcla'uhi, Gnatranen-
rt/i'/iKi, Diltitii'tii) veiitric'iiH : from yaarrjp, 'the
stoiuHch,' and eKTaat(, ' dilatation.' Dilatation
of the stomach.
GASTRELCOHROSIS, Qasfrobrosis ulcerosa.
GA.STRELCO'SIS. Chero'tio seu Eju/vem'tio
Ben Vl'cern reutn't'iili, from yaarrjp, 'the stomach,'
and 't\Ku)aii. 'ulceration ' Ulceration of the sto-
mach. When accompanied with hectic, it con-
Btitutes Gailrophlhi'sin. Gnatroph'thne.
GASTRELYTROTOMIA, see Ctesarean Sec-
tion.
GASTRENCEPHALO'MA, GaKtromyelo'mn,
Oimtroiiii/elo'si'ii, Gioitroeiicephalo'si'n; from yaOTjip,
'the stomach.' and sy/ft^aAus, 'the brain.' Eu-
cephaloid of the stomach.
GASTRENCHYTA. Stomach pump.
GASTRENTERIC. Gastroentericus.
GASTRE.XTERITIC, Gastroenteritic.
GA8TRENTER0MALA'(;IA, GaxtrentKromn-
Inx'is, from yaarr/p, 'stomach,' trrt/zov 'intestine,'
and iiaKuKia, ' softening.' Softening of the sto-
mach and intestines.
GASTREPATICUS, Gastrohepatie.
GASTREPATI'TIS. ]„H„mmn'lio veritric'iiH
et hep'atlx ; from yaarrip, 'stomach.' and 'rivap
'liver.' Inflammation of the stomach and liver.
GASTREPIPLOICUS. Gastroepiploic.
GASTRERETIIIS'IA: from yatyrnp, ' sto-
mach,' and cptdi^ui, 'I irritate.' Irritation of th&
stomach.
GASTRIC, Gng'tn'cii8 : from yaarrip, 'the Sto-
mach.' Belonging or relating to the stomach.
G.^STHIC Au'tkiuks are three in number, Ar-
te'rin gimtro-f-pip/o'ica dexttri, A. f/nih-o-epiploi'-
ca m'tn's'tra, and A. rorrnin'rin i-ftitri'cii/i.
Ga.striC .ItJICE, Siicriis fftm'friciin, ilen'ntritum
seu Feinient'um Veiiti-ic'iili, (P.) Sue Gnstriqtie,
Gaxfrir Acid. A fluid, secreted from the mucous
membrane of the stomach. As met with, it is a
mixture of the fluids secreted by that organ with
those of the supra-diaphragmntic portion of the
alimentary canal. Owing to such admixture, the
most contrary properties have been assigned to
it. That such a fluid is secreted, which concurs
powerfully in digestion, is evident from many
considerations, and has been positively proved
by the author and numerous others. It was found
by him to contain, in man chlorohydric and acctio
acids. The gastric fluid in cases of sudden death
sometimes corrodes and perforates the stomach ;
giving rise to interesting questions in medical
jurisfirudence.
Gastric Nrrve.s. The two cords by which
the pneumoirastric nerves terminate, and which
descend on the two surfaces of the stomach ; as
well as the filaments of the great sympathetic,
which accompany the gastric vessels.
Gastric Pi.kxi'S, Plexus corona' r! us vetitric'-
vh\ A nervous net-work, formed by the solar
plexus. It accompanies the Arteria coronaria
veiitriru/l, and passes along the lesser curvature
of the stomach, to which it gives branches.
Gastric Vf;ins follow the same distribution as
thearteries.and open into the Veua porta abdominis.
GAS'TRICISM, Gaifricis'miis, from yaar^p,
'the stomaeh.' A name by which is designated
the medical theory, that refers all, or almost .all,
diseases to an accumulation of saburrae in the
digestive passages.
GASTRTCITE. Emhnrras cjnatrique.
GASrniLOQl'E. En-rastr'imvth.
GASTRILOQUIST. Engastrimyth.
GASTRILOQUrS. Engastrimyth.
GASTRIMARGUS, Glutton.
GASTRINU.M. Potash.
GASTRISMUS. Gluttony, see Saburra.
G.\STRIT'IO, Gtnttrlt'lciiH ; same etymon as
the rest. Relating to gastritis.
GASTRl'TIS. from ynmvp, 'the stomach,' and
iliK, denoting inflammation. Veutric'uli iiiflnm-
mti'tio, Cdiiiiiti feu Eiiiprea'nin seu Cardinl'yia
iiiflaiiininlo'riit. Fcliris utoniaeh'irn inflnmmato'ria,
Iiiflammu'lio (jdstritis, I. vctitric'xdi ien stom'achi,
Plilei/iiwiie reiitric'uli, Injlamnintion of the sto-
mach, (F.) Iiiflammntion de I'Estomac, Gastrile,
Catarrlie (jnstriqiie. A disease, characterized by
pyrexia; great anxiety; heat and pain in the
epigastrium, increased by taking any thing into
the stoniach ; vomiting and hiccup. Gastritis
may either be seated in the peritoneal or mucous
GASTIIO
4ir.
GASTROMALAXIA
coat. It is mnst frequently in the Intter — Eno-
(/((utri'tis, Euildijaiitri'tiii, G(tntroiiii/coderi'tis, Gnu-
tn'fis miico'iiti — being excited directly by acrid
inicesta. It requires the most active treatment;
— bleeding, blistering, fomentations, diluents, Ac.
Some degree of inflammation of the mucous coat
of the stomacli was considered by the followers
of Broussais to be present in almost all fevers ;
and the various forms of dyspepsia have been
supposed by some to be nothing more than chronic
eildnprmtri'tis.
Gastihtis Arthritfca, Coeliagra.
GASTRO, from yaarrip, 'stomach.' In compo-
sition, relating or appertaining to the stomach,
or bellv.
GASTRO-ARTIIRITIS, Gout — g. Ataxia,
Dyspepsia — g. Atonia, Dyspejjsia — g. Bronchitis,
Fever, adenomeningeal — g. Eiiteritc intense, Sy-
Bocha — g. Enterite, with nervous affection of the
brain, see Typhus — g. Enteritis, follicular, Dothin-
enteritis ; see Tvphus.
GASTKOBRO'SIS, Perfora'tio ventric'uli,
Gaatrorrhex' is, {¥.) Perforntion de V Estomac ;
from grtstro, and Bpoian, 'the act of gnawing.'
Corrosion and perforation of the stomach.
Gastrobro'sis Ulouro'sa, Gagfreleobro'sis.
Destruction and perforation of the coats of the
stomach by ulceration.
GASTROCIll'LE, from gastro, and xnU, 'a
tumour.' Hernirx of the stomach, Hernia ventric'-
uli, (F.) Hemic de I' Estomac. Hernia formed by
the stomach through the upper part of the linca
nlba: a disease, the existence of which has been
doubted by manv. See Epigastrocele.
GASTRO-CEPHALI'TIS; irum gastro,Kt<l>a'Sr,,
'head,' and itis, denoting infliiinraation. Inflam-
matiim of the stomach and head, — a not uncom-
mon concomitant of eertnin malignant fevers.
GASTROCIIOLOSIS, Fever, gastric.
GASTROCXEME, Sura.
GASTROCNEMIA, Sura.
GASTROCNE'AIII, from gastro, and kvij/ii?,
'the leg.' The name of the two fleshy masses
which occupy the posterior and superficial part
of the leg, Geinelli ; (F.) Gastrocnemiens, Jn-
meanx de la jnnihe, lii/emoro-cdlcanlens — (Ch.;)
the two constituting the Gastrocne'mius exter'nns,
of English anatomists. These muscles are dis-
tinguished into internid and external, which are
distinct above, but united at their inferior ex-
tremity. They are long, flat, and thick ; and
arise — the former from the posterior part of the
outer condyle of the femur; the latter, from the
pasterior part of the inner condyle of the same
bone. The aponeurosis, which unites these
muscles below, joins with that of the Solaris, and
forms with it, a large tendon, which, under the
name Tendo Achillis, is inserted at the posterior
part of the calcaneum. Those muscles extend
the foot on the leg, and the leg on the foot. They
can, also, bend the leg and the thigh reciprocally
on each other. For the Gastrocneiniua internus,
see Soleus.
GASTROCNEMIUM, Sura.
GASTROCCELIACUS, Coeliao.
GASTROCCELICUS, Coeliae.
GASTROCOLIC, see Epiploon, gastrocolic.
GASTROCOLICA. Cardialgia.
GASTROCOLI'TIS, from gastro, and kuiXo.-,
'colon.' Infl iinination of the stomach and colon.
GASTROCOLPOTOMIA, see Cssarean sec-
tion.
GASTRODID'YMUS, Gastrod'ymus, Did'ymm
Si/mphi/ngas'trinn, Psod'yinns ; from gastro and
iiiiiviioi;, 'a twin.' A monstrosity in which twins
are united bv the abdomen.
GASTRObUODE'NAL, Gastroduodena'lis ;
from gastro, and duodenum. Relating to the
stomach and duodenum.
GASTRO-DUODENITIS, (F.) Gastro-dnodf.
nite. Indaminntion of the stomach anil bowel.s,
an affection, which figured largely in the system
of Broussais. Sec (iastro-cnteritis.
GASTRODUODENOPYRA, Fever, adcno-
meningeal.
GASTRODYNE, Cardialgia.
GASTROUYNIA, Cardialgia — g. Flatulenta,
Colica flatulenta.
GASTRO-ELYTROTOMIA, see Csesarean sec
tion.
GASTRO-ENTERAL'GIA,fromv"»?'-o,tvr£por,
' intestine,' and a\yoi, ' pain.' Pain in the sto-
mach and intestines.
GASTRO KNTER'IC, Gastroenter'irm, Gas.
trenter' ic, Gastrenter'icus, Gastro-intes'tinal, from
gastro, and fvTcpov. ' intestine.' Relating to the
stomiich and intestine.
GASTROKNTERITE, Gastroenteritis.
G A S T R 0 K N T E R I T'l CGastroenterit'icus,
Gastrenterit'ic, Gastrenterit' icus ; same etymoQ
as the next. Relating to gastroenteritis.
GASTROKNTERI'TIS. Tnjlammatlo ventriv'.
uli et Intestino'ruin, (F.) Gastro-eiiterite, Gastro.
enter' ic disease, from gastro, ivTcpov, 'an intes-
tine,' and itis, a suffix denoting infiaimiiation.
Inflammation of the stomach and small intestine.
According to Broussais, the essential fevers of
authors are gastro-enteritis, simple, or compli-
cated.
GASTROF.PIP'LOIC, Gastro-epiplo'icns, Gas.
trejiipld'icHS, from gastro and tnm'Soov, 'the epip-
loon.' That which relates to the stomach and
epiploon.
GASTRoiJPiPLOic Arteries, Gastric inferior
arteries, are two in number, and distinguished
into right and left. The right, also called Gastro-
hepat'ie, Gae'trica infe'rior dextra, Gastro-eplp-
lo'ica dextra, is furnished by the hepatic artery.
It descends behind the pylorus, and passes from
right to left, along the great curvature of the
stomach. It gives branches to the pancreas,
duodenum, stomach, omentum majus, and termi-
nates by anastomosing with the Gastro-ej>iplo'ieix
siiiis'tra, Giis'trica sinis'tra seu infe'rior siiiis'tra.
This — the left — arises from the splenic artery.
It is of considerable magnitude, and passes frma
left to right, along the great curvature of tlie
stomach, distributing its liranches more particu-
larly to the stomach and omentum majus. It
terminates by joining the right gastro-epiploic.
Gastroei'H'i.oic Ganglions are the lyuiphatio
ganglions or glands, situate towards the greai
curvature of the stomach, between the two ante-
rior laminae of the omentum majus.
Gastroepiploic Vkins are distinguished. lil;e
the arteries, into right and left. They empty
themselves; — the former, into the superior me-
senteric : the latter, into the splenic vein.
GASTROII/EMORRIIAGIA, lliicmatemcsis.
GASTROIIEPAT'IC, Gastro-hepat'ics, Hep'-
ato-gas'tricus, Gastrepat'icns ; from gnslro, and
'tjjrap, riTTUTOi, ' the liver.' Relating to the stomach
and liver. This name has been given to several
organs. See Epiploon, gastrohepatic, Ac.
GASTRO-IIEPATITIS. Simultaneous inflam-
mation of the stomach and liver.
GASTROIIYSTEROTOMY, Cesarean section.
G ASTRO-INTESTINAL, Gastro-enteric.
GASTROLIENALIS, Gastrosplenicus.
GASTROLlTlirASIS, from gastro, and Xifti-
ati, ' formation of stone.' The formation of con-
cretions, qastrol'ithi, in the stomach.
GASTROMALACIA, Gastromalaxia.
GASTROMALAX'IA, Gastro-mala'eia, Gal-
tronialaco'sis, Malacogas'ter, Malax'is veutric'un,
Dissoln'tin ventric'uli, EmolliVio ventric'uli,
Paeudophlogo'sia ventric'uli resoluti'va el colli'
GASTROMxVNTIS
417
GAZ
aiiati'ta, Metamorpho'aia renlric'itU gelatin i/m'-
iii!s, Ero'sio et per/ora'tio spoutn'ned veiitric' iiN,
Retiihi'tio el diabro'aia veiitric'tili, (F.) liamnlligne-
ment de V Entomnc, from </aHtro, and fiaXa^n,
'softening.' Softening of the stomach, iiidm-ed
at times hy the gastric secretions after death, —
Rtiolu'lii) ventric'uli autopep'tlca.
GASTROMANTIS, Engastrimyth.
GASTHOM'ELES, from r/astro, and /<£>of, 'a
limb.' A monster with one or more supernume-
rary liitihs on the abdomen.
GASTROME'NIA, from gastro, and nvv, 'a
month.' Vicarious menstruation from the sto-
mach.
GASTRO-MlsXIXOTTIS, Fever, gastric.
GASTROMETI'vO'l'oMIA, Caesarean section.
GA8TR0MYC0DERIS, see Stomach.
GASTROMYCODERITIS, see Gastritis.
GASTROMYELOMA, Gastroencephaloma.
GASTRONOSUS, Gastropathy.
GASTROPARAL'YSIS, Gaatrople'gia, PnraV-
ysis veutric'uli ; from gnstro, and jrapaXuffif,
'paralysis.' Paralysis of the stomach.
GASTROP'ATHY', Uuatroputhi'a, G<tsiron'-
o»wi, GiiKtionn'HUK, from </««?;(>, and naBoi, 'dis-
ease.' Disease of the stomach.
GASTROPERIODYN'IA; Sool (India.) A
violent periodical neuralgic pain at the pit of the
stomach, not uncommon in llindoostan.
GASTROPIIREN'IC, Giixtro-phrcii'icns, from
yantr<), and (ppcvcf, 'the diaphragm.' Belonging
to the stomach and diaphragm.
Gastuoi'iiuenic Ligament is a reflection of the
peritoneum, which descends from the inferior sur-
face of tlie liiapbragm to the cardia.
GASTRO PHTHISIS, Gastrelcosis.
GASTROPIITllOE, Gastrelcosis.
GASTROPLEGIA, Gastroparalysis.
GASTROPYRA. Fever, gastric.
GASTROPYRETUS, Fever, gastric.
GASTROR'APHY, GnKtmrrhn'phin, Gftitror'-
rhaphe, Sutti'ra uhdmniita' lit, from goxtio, and
faifirj, 'a suture.' The suture used for uniting
wounds penetrating the abdomen, when they are
too extensive or too unequal to be kept in contact
by position, adhesive plaster, or appropriate ban-
dages. The interrupted and quilled sutures are
those chiefly employed.
GASTRORRIIAGIA, Hajmatemesis.
GASTRORRllEXIS. Gastrobrosis.
GASTRORRIItE'A, from goatro, and peu., 'I
flow.' Bhnnorrh<e'(i seu Fliixus ventric'uli, (F.)
Flux mnqueux de Vestomric, Ctitarrhe stoniaeal,
A morbid condition of the stomach, which con-
sists in the secretion of an excessive quantity of
mucus from the lining membrane. Also, Coeliac
tiux.
GASTROSCIR'RHUS, Indura'tio ventric'uli
teirrho'iia, Scirrhus seu carcino'ma ventric'uli.
Scirrhous induration or cancer of the stomach.
GASTROSCOPIA, Abdominoscopia.
OASTRO'SES. A generic name for diseases
which are seated in the stomach. — Alibcrt.
GASTROSPLE'NIC, G„strosple'niru», Gn«tro-
lienn'tiH, from gnufro, and oTrXni', 'the spleen.'
Relating to stomach and sple-n.
GASTROSTENOSIS, Stricture of the stomach.
Gastrostkxosis Cardi'aca et Pylor'ica ;
from gastro, and arivoi, 'narrow.' Narrowness
of the cardiac and i>yl< ric orifices of the stomach
from cancer of that organ.
GASTROT'OMY', from gantro, and tout,, 'inci-
.«ion.' Several ditferent operations have been so
called. 1. The Ciesarean Section. 2. Au inci-
fion made into the abdomen for the purpose of
removing some internal strangulation or volvu-
lus, or to reduce hernia, Loparot'omij : and, 3.
The opening made in the stomach; to remove a
27
foreign body which has passed into it through
the oesophagus.
GASTRYPERNEU'RIA, from gnstro, 'v,tp,
'above,' and vtvpov, 'a nerve.' Morbidly in-
creased activity of the nerves of the stomach.
GATEAU FEBRILE, Ague cake.
GATEUX (F.), {rovi\ gater, 'to spoil.' A name
given, in the insane hospitals, and in the hospi-
tals for incurables and the aged, in France, to
persons who are incapable of attending to them-
selves, and have lost all sense of cleanliness.
GATHERING, Abscess, Suppuration.
GA TTILIER, Vitex.
GAUDIA FCEDA, Masturbation.
GAULTHE'RIA, Gaultlie'ria seu Gualthe'ria
procum'beiiK, Guutie'ra repens, Mountain Tea,
Partridge Berry, Berried Tea, Groimeherri/, Deer-
berry, Spice berry. Tea berry. Bed berry. Winter-
green, Red berry Tea, Ground berry. Ground iry.
Ground holly, Hill berry. Box berry, Cher/m r
berry, (F.) Gaultherie, Palommier, The dn Ca-
nada, called after Dr. Gaulthier, of Quebec. Ord.
Ericaceae. An American plant, which is one of
the principal articles of the materia medica (f
some Indian tribes. The infusion of the leav(s
is stimulant and anodyne, and is said to ha\e
been used, with advantage, in asthma. The ' il
— Oleum GaullhericB, Ph. U. S., — is used, chiefly
on account of its pleasant flavour, to cover tie
taste of other medicines.
GAUNTLET, Ganteht,
GAUQUAVA, Smilax China.
GAUTIERA REPENS, Gaultheria.
GAY FEATHER, Liatris spicata.
GAYAC, Guaiacum.
GAY'LUSSAC'IA RESINO'SA, Vaecin'ium rc-
aiuo'eum. Black Huckleberry. Order, Ericaceiv,
(called after the chemist, Gny-Luasac.) An indi-
genous plant, whose fruit is sweet and agreeable.
The leaves and root, as well as those of Gaylus-
.SAOIA Dumo'sa, Dwarf huckleberry, and of G.
F"'|{OiNDo'sa, Blue tangle, indigenous, are used in
decoction as astringents in diarrhoea, sore throat,
<tc.
GAZ, Gas, Air. Van Helmont first designated
by this name, — the etymology of which is un-
known,— the carbonic acid developed in the vi-
nous fermentation. Afterwards, the terra was
appropriated to every permanentlj* clastic fluid ;
that is, which preserves its aeriform state at nil
temperatures ; and ultimately it was extended to
all aeriform bodies; — which were divided into
permanent and non-permanent gazes. The latter
are generally termed vapours: — the}- return to
the liquid state, when a portion of their caloric is
abstracted. The permanent gazes, or gazes pro-
perly so called, are numerous, and may be di-
vided into three sections with regard to their
effects on the animal economy.
1. Trrespirable
gazes.
Carbonic acid, ammoniacni
gaz^chlorohydric acid gaz,
deutoxide of azote, nitrous
acid gaz, and chlorine.
Ilydrogen, azote.
2. Negatively dele-
terious gazes.
( Oxygen, protoxide of azote,
n n ■.■ 1 7 1 I carburettedhydroiren.car-
3. Posttiveli/ dele- , ■ • i i i •» i
, . ■^ < bonic oxide, sulphuretted
terioua nazes. I v i j ■ .
■' hydrogen, and arseniurcl-
[ ted hydrogen.
It is proper to remark that the term respirnblr.
has been very differently employed by different
writers. Sometimes it has meant the power of
supporting life when applied to the blood in the
lungs. At others, all gazes have been deemed
irrespirable, which are incapable of being iutru-
GAZ DES BALLOXS
418
GENERATIO
duced into the lungs by voluntary efiforts, — with-
out any relation to their power of uiaintiiiiiing
vitality ; and this is perhaps the best sense. The
gazes were, at one time, employed in medicine,
under great expectations, — especially by the en-
thusiastic Beddoes ; but they are now scarcely
ever had recourse to. They differ, considerably,
in their effects on the animal economy. Some,
as oxygen, are exciting; others, as azote, de-
pressing; whilst others, again, as the Piotoxide
of riz'ite Of laiKjIiiiuj gas, produce the most sin-
gular effects.
GAZ DES DALLON.% Hydrogen.
Gaz, Pcl'monauv, Gkz of the huxji'. A name
gived to the expired air; which contains — besides
common air, an increase of carbonic acid, water,
and some animal matter.
Gaz Sang'uiNIS, Gtiz ammn'le snii'guinis, Hnl' -
itits seu Aura seu Viipor snii'giii'iiia, Spii'Ifus
ronf'eriin, Htpmat'mvH. The halitus, or vapour,
given ofl" by freshly-drawn blood.
GAZEL, Ribes nigrum.
GAZELLE, Antilopus.
GEANT, Giant.
GEANTISME, see Giant.
GEIiARPULVER, Ergot.
GEDE'OLA. The convex part of the liver.—
Du Cange.
GEILNAU, MINERAL WATERS OF. Geil-
nau is a village in the grand duchy of Nassau, at
no great distance from Frankfort. The waters
contain carbonic acid, carbonate, sulphate, and
phosphate of soda, chloride of sodium, carbonate
of lime, magnesia, and iron.
GEISMAR, MINERAL WATERS OF. The
mineral waters of Geismar, in Bavaria, are aci-
dulous chalybeates.
GEISUM, yeiaov, Geleon. The part of the
frontal bone over the eyes.
GELAPPIUM, Convolvulus jalapa.
GELASINI DENTES, Incisive teeth.
GELASMUS, Canine laugh.
GELATIG"ENOUS. A hybrid term, from
gcJotin, and ytvui or ytvvuii>, 'to engender.' That
which forms gelatinous structure. Dr. Carpenter
restricts the terra to substances yielding gelatin.
The propriety of this may well be questioned.
GEL'ATIN, Gel'afliie, Ge/nt'inn, Gnlrcda, (P.)
Gelatine, from (F.) Gelee, 'gelly or jelly.' From
(L.) Gelti, 'ice.' An immediate animal principle.
It is semitransparent, insipid, inodorous, inso-
luble in cold water, very soluble in hot, which it
thickens, and transforms into jelly on cooling,
(xelatin is a nutritious substance; and, when
dissolved in a considerable quantity of water,
forms an emollient fluid, much used in therapeu-
tics, but not the most easy of digestion. Two
forms of gelatin are admitted — ^he one glntin or
gelatin proper: the other chondrin.
Gelatin op Wharton, Gelat'iiid Whnrtonfn'nn,
JfJIy of the Cord. A soft, dense, iluid, gelatinous
substance, which envelops the umbilical cord, and
is conceived, by some, to be inservient to the nu-
trition of the foetus.
GELATINA AQUATICA, Brasenia hydro-
peltis.
GELATINE DES CARTILAGES, Chondrin.
GELATINIFORM MATTER OF THE IN-
TESTINE, Albuminose.
GELAT'INOUS, Gdatlno'>i„s,(Y.) Getathieu.r.
Relating, or appertaining to, or having the cha-
racter or appearance of gelatin or jelly. Viscid.
Gklatinohs Neuvk-fibiu:, see Nerve fibres.
GELATIO, Congelation.
GELDING, Castration.
GELEE, Gelly — ^.c ntre le Goitre, Balsam,
ioduretteJ.
GELLY, JelJi), Jus geUt'tiim seu coagiihi'tiim,
Gelu, (F.) Gelee. Same etymon. A subftanee
of a soft consistence, trenuiluus, and transparent,
which is obtained, by an ajipropriato trealiiu'iit,
from animal and vegetable matters: liciiee Ihe
distinction into (iiiiuidl and vcgitidih: Jdli). Tlio
former is merely a concentrated solution of gelu-
tin, left to cool.
Vegetdhle Jelli/\s found in the juice of the cur-
rant, mulberry, and of almost all acid fruits, ttlit'i)
ripe. It is of itself colourless, but alincist aliviiys
retains a little colouring matter of the fruit wliicli
has furnished it. It has an agreeable tiiste; is
scarcely soluble in cold water, but bulling wnlur
dissolves it readily : the jelly is, however, alaidst
all deposited on cooling. If this aqueous solution
be boiled for a long time, it becomes analogcius
to mucilage, and loses the property of being jel-
lied on cooling.
GELSEM'INUM NIT'IDUM, G. Scwpervi'.
reiin, Bigiiu'nin aempervireiis. Ye/low Jen'Hiiiuiiie.
The flowers, root, Ac, of this shrub of the South-
ern States, Sex. Si/xi. Pentandria Digynia, jWiI.
Ord. Apocyneae, are narcotic, and the elHiivia
from the former are said sometimes to induce
stupor.
GELU, Gelly.
GELUS, Risus.
GEMELLI, Gastrocnemii, Ischio-trochantcri-
anus. Testicles.
GEMEL'LUS, Gem' inns, 'a twin,' Did'ymuH,
(F.) Jnmeau, Jumelle, Besaon, Bcusoiine. One of
two children, twins, born at the same accouche-
ment, or gestation. Also, relating to twins, as
'a twin conception.'
Gemkllus Mus'otiLtis. Cowper applies this
name to the long portion of the triceps braehialis
united to the inner portion.
GEMINI, Ischio-tro,"hanterianus, Testicles.
GEMINUM CENTRUM SEMICIRCULARE,
Taenia semieircularis.
GEMINUS, Gemellus.
GEMIPOMA, M.-imma.
GEMISSEMENT, see Moaning.
GEMMA, Granulation — g. Oculi, Crystalline.
GEMMATION, see Generation.
Gemjiation, Generation by, see Generation.
GE3IMIPARirE, see Generation.
GEMMIPAROUS, see Generation.
GEMUR'SA, a corn ; also a name given by
the ancients to a disease seated between the toes;
— the nature of which is unknown to us.
GEN, Geit'esia, 'generation,' from ycvvaia, 'I
make.' Hence Hydroi/eji, Osteof/eny, Ac.
GEXA. The Cheek, Geni/s, Porei'n, Gnrnjilf,
G'iiiipJie'le,Gn(ithos, Gnuthmns, MuUi, (Sc.) iroi/i/c,
(F.) Jone. The cheeks form the lateral parts of
the mouth. Exteritalhj, they have no precise
limits : they are continuous, above, with the lower
eyelid; below, they descend as far as the base of
the jaw; before, they terminate at the ala; nasi,
and at the commissures of the lips; and behind,
at the ear. Their thickness varies, aecordinj; to
the degree of fatness of the individual. They
are formed of three layers; — one dermoid, ano-
ther muscular, and the third mucous.
GENCrVES. Gingiva}.
GENEANTHROPY, Anthropogenia.
GENEl'AS, Lriiin'go prinin, I'robdr'biiim. The
downy hairs, which first cover the cheek. Also,
a bandage which passes under the cliin.
GENEION, Beard. Mentum!
GENERAL ANATOMY, see Anatomy — g.
Practitioner, Surgeon-apothecary.
GENERA LE, Influenza,
GENERATIO. Generation —g. .'Equivoca, pee
Generatiou — g. Calculi, Lithia — g. Uomogcnea,
GENERATION
419
GENIAN
sec Generation — g. Priraigena, see Generation —
g. Priinitiva, see Generation — g. Originaria, see
Generation — g. Spontanea, see Generation.
GENERATION, O'enern'tio, Gen'esia, Genne'-
iiiii, Gone, GonuH, Frocrea'lio, Procreation, Brccd-
iii'j, from (L.) ijeno, f/enere, (jenitum, ytvii), or
yivvaia, 'to engender.' Under this name physi-
ologists comprehend the aggregate of functions,
which concur, in organized beings, towards the
production of their kind. The act of generation
means tlie union of the se.xes. See Coition. The
writers of antiquity believed, that all organized
bodies are produced either by what is termed
iiniv'ocal or regular generation, llomogeu'esis,
(jcnera'tio homagen' ea, propng<t'tio, which ap|ilies
to the upper classes of animals and vegetables,
or by uponlaneoua generation, Antogon'ia, hetero-
gcn'etis, generatio heterogen'ea seu aqitiv'oca seu
primiti'oa seu primig"enn seu origina'ria seu
uponla' nea, spunti-pHrite (Dugds), which they con-
sidered applicable to the very lowest classes only,
as the mushroom, the worm, the frog, <fcc. There
arc still many distinguished naturalists who con-
sider that beings, low in the scale of aniraality,
are produced in the latter way. Spontaneous
generation and equivocal generation have been
regarded by many to be synonymous. Others,
however, mean by spontaneous generation, the
production of a new being from tiic mere combi-
nation of inorganic elements ; whilst by equivo-
cal generation they understand the evolution of
a new being from organized beings dissimilar to
themselves, through some irregularity in their
funitions, or through the incipient decay or de-
f;encration of their tissues. As to the mode in
which regular generation is accomplished, there
have been many views. According to the doc-
trine of Hippocrates, and of the ancient philoso-
pliors, the ovaries of the female furnish a prolific
iluiii, similar to that of the male; and the fcetus
ri'sults from the mixture of the two seeds in cop-
ulation. Steno and others conceived, that the
oviiries contain ova, which are not developed
imtil vivified by the male sperm. Bonnet and
Spallanzani believed in the pre-existenee of
germs, created since the origin of the world, but
eiicoKed in each other, and becoming developed in
succession ; whence it would follow that the ovary
iif the first female must have contained the germs
of all subsequent generations: and that the num-
ber of these germs must go on always diminish-
ing, until ultimately extinct. This was the system
of the evolution of germs. According to Leeiien-
hoek, the ovaries do not contain eggs, but vesicles
destined to receive animalcules ; which, in his
view, live in the sperm. Thousands of these
animalcules are thrown into the uterus during
copulation, and the most expeditious and vigor-
ous reaches the ovary, after having scattered and
destroyed its competitors. BufFon — admitting
the hypothesis of the two seeds — supposed that
tiiey were formed of molecules proceeding from
every part of the body of each parent: and that,
by a kind of elective affinity, those which were
furnished by the head, the trunk, or the extre-
mities of the male parent, could only unite with
those proceeding from the same parts of the
female. Before him, Maupertuis, admitting, with
many of the ancient philosophers, the system of
f'/iii/piieHin, and adopting, as regarded the com-
position of the sperm, a theory analogous to that
of Biifr(m, had supposed that the molecules, ca-
piil>li' of being organized, were attracted towards
a centre; that the nose attracts the two eyes;
the body, the arms ; the arms, the hands, <fec.,
nearly as the particles of a salt, dissolved in a
liquid, arrange themselves in regul.ir crystals
around the same nucleus. These anit various
other systems have been successively proposed
and abandoned, and the mystery of generation
remains impenetrable.
The simplest kind of reproduction does not re-
quire sexual organs. The animal separates into
several fragments, which form so many new indi-
viduals. This is Finnip'aroua generation, Fihs'i-
parism, G. from Jission, (F.) Fisniparite, Scissi-
parite, SciHsion, Uloisonnement, Jicproduction ou
J/iilliplioatioii meriamatiqne. G em uiip'arous gene-
ration, (F.) Gemmij)arite, Generation par Gemma-
tion, Snrcnlation ou liourgeonuement, consists in
the formation of buds, sporules or germs on some
part of the body, which at a particular period
drop off and form as many new individuals.
These kinds of reproduction require but one pa-
rent— Monoij" en\j. In Orip'orous generation,
(F.) Oviparite, the egg is hatched out of the body.
In ovovivip'rons generation, the new being is
hatched in the excretory passages. In rivip'a-
rous generation, the new individual is born under
its appropriate form ; and in mamn'pial or mar-
su'piate generation, the young being, born at a
very early stage of development, is received and
nourished in a marsnpinm or jiouch. In alternate
generation, (F.) Generation alternante, the J'oung
not only do not resemble the parent at birth, but
remain dissimilar during their wh(dc life, so that;
their relationshij) is not apparent until a succeed-
ing generation. Tlius, the cercaria undergoes a
change into the distoma. See Metagenesis. All
these kinds of reproduction require the union of
sexes — Dig"eny.
All the acts comprising the function of genera-
tion in man may be referred to five great heads.
1. Copulation. 2. Conception or fecundation.
3. Gettation or Pregnancy. 4. Delivery or Ac-
conchement ; and, 5. Lactation.
Gknkration, Act of, see Generation — g. Alter-
nate, see Generation, and Metagenesis — g. Equi-
vocal, see Generation — g. by Fission, see Genera-
tion— g. Fissiparous, see Generation — g. by Gem-
mation, see Generation — g. Gemmipiirous, sea
Generation — g. Marsujiial, see Generation — g.
Organs of, female, see Vulva — g. Oviparous, see
Generation — g.Regular, see Generation — g. Spon-
taneous, see Generation — g. Univoeal, see Gene-
ration— g. Viviparous, see Generation.
GEN'EROUS, Gcnero'uns. From gennx. gene-
ris, 'a race ;' generomm, 'of a noble race, noble.'
A name given to wines which contain a great
quantity of alcohol.
GENESIAL, Genital.
GENESIOL'OGY, Genesiolog"ia, from yevevts,
'generation,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.' The doc-
trine of generation.
GEXKSIQUE, LE, Appetite, venereal.
GENESIS, Generation.
GENET, Spartium scopariura — g. d Balai,
Spartium scoparium — g. des Teintiiriers, Genista
tinctoria.
GENETHLI'ACUS, from ycvidXioi, 'natal,'
'pertaining to nativity.' A name given by the an-
cients to certain astrologers, who, from the state
of the heavens at the time of the birth of an in-
dividual, predicted his future character and the
events of his life.
GENET'ICA, from ycvtat;, 'generation.' Dis-
eases of the sexual functions; the 5th class in
Good's Nosology. Also, agents that act on Iho
sexual organs. — Pereira.
GENETICUS, Genital.
GENEVA, Gin, see Spirit.
GENEVlilER, Juniperus communis — g. Oxy-
cedre, Juniperus oxycedrus.
GENGIVITE, Ulitis.
GEXf, Genian.
GE'NIAN, Genia'nus, Ge'ninf, from ytveiovf
'the chin.' The Genian apoph'yaia or FroceaSf
GENICULATUM
420
GENTIANA
(F.) Apophi/oe genienne OU (jeni, 13 situate at tho
posteriur part of the symphysis menti, and is
formed of four small tubercles.
GENICULATUM, see Corpora geniculata.
GENIE, Ge'iiiita. The French sometimes ap-
ply this term to dieases nearly synonymously
with nut are ; as G^iiie iiijinmmcitoire, G. hilieux,
G. (idijiKoitlqite. Some use it in the same sense
as type; Gdnie intermittent. The unwonted pre-
dominance of any mental faculty is also so called.
GENIEN, Genian.
GENIEYRE, Gin, Juniperus communis (the
berry.)
GKNIO, fKom >'£^£Iov, 'chin.' In composition,
means rolating or appcrtainin,:^ to the chin.
G E N I'O G L 0 S S U.S. Geuio-hyoglos'sus, from
yeviiov, 'the chin,' and yXoxreru, 'the tongue.'
jlfesoylossiis, J/esoglot'tits, A^uniin lingtim mns'cu-
lits. The name of a flat, triangular muscle,
which extends from the genian apophysis to the
inferior surface of the os hyoides and tongue,
which last it carries forward.
GEXrOHYODES, Geniohyoideus.
GENIOIIYOGLOSSUS, Genioglossus.
GKNIOIIYOIDES, Geniohvoideus.
GE'Sr0HY0lY)V.\]S,Gc)u:,'hij<>'de8,Geniohyoi'-
des, tHento-hicorii'euH, from yivuiiv, 'the chin,' and
'votiirii, 'the OS hyoides.' A muscle which arises
from the genian apophysis, and is inserted at
the anterior part of tlic body of the os hyoides.
Its use is to raise tho os hyoides, and carry it
forwards. It may, also, contribute to depress
the lower jaw in contracting towards the os
hyoides.
GEXI'O-PIIARYNGE'UkS, from ytvtwv, 'the
chin,' and (paovy^, ' the pharyn.x.' A name given,
by some anatomists, to a bundle of fibres which
passes from the lower jaw to the sides of the pha-
rynx, and forms part of the constrictor pharynyis
superior.
GE'NIOPLAS'TY'',(?e)ii'o;)Za«'^ice, from ytvtiov,
' the cliin,' iind irXaaau), ' I form.' The operation
for restoring the chin. At times used instead of
GeityoplnHtij, for the operation for restoring the
cheelj.
GEN'IPA OBLOXGIFO'LIA, Hnito. A plant
of I'eru, with the juice of which the Indians paint
their legs, to protect them against the stings of
GENIPI ALBUM. Achillea moschata, Ar-
temisia rupestris — g, Blanc, Artemisia rupestris
— g. Veruin, Achillea atrata.
GENISTA, Spartium scopariura — g. Canarien-
sis, see Rhodium lignum — g. Hirsuta, Spartium
scoparium — g. Scoparia, Spartium scoparium.
Genis'tA SpINO'sA lN'mcX,Bahel SehuUi. Ord.
Leguminosa?. An oriental tree, a decoction of
the roots of which is diuretic. The leaves boiled
in vinegar have the same effect. — Ray.
Gexis'ta Tincto'ria, Geuistoi'des tineto'ria,
Spar'tinm tincto'rium, Dyers' broom or weed,
Green tceed, Wood wnxen, Woodwex, (F.) Genet
des Teinturiers. A shrub cultivated in this coun-
try and in Europe. The flowering tops and seed
have been used in medicine. It has the same
properties as Spartium scoparium.
GEXISTOIDES TINCTORIA, Genista tinc-
toria.
GEN'ITAL, Genita'lis, Genet'ieus, Generatio'ni
inaer'vietis, Genc'iinl, Gennet'iciis. Same etymon
as Generation. That which belongs or relates to
generation.
Gen'ital Organs, Sex'ual Organs, Pnden'da,
Nattira'lia, Ndtn'rn, ^doe'a, Me'zen, Me'sn, Mo'-
rion ; Genital, Noble, N<tt'ural or Private parts;
Privities, Privy jvirts, Privy Members, the Parts,
Pars, Pars corporis seu obscoe'na. Fores, Partes
yeiiita'les seu generatio'ni inservien'tes seu obsca:'-
vcB, Me'dca, Vercn'da, Pedes, Ingucn, Gcnita'lia,
Gennet'ica, Gynina, Membra pnden'da, Or'gana
generatio'ni inservien'tia, 0. sexna'lia new gcnilii'-
lla,{Y.) Organes ginitaux, Parties genitales OU lion-
teuses OU genitoires ou nobles OU sexuelles ou tin.
ttirelles, Les Parties, Ghiitoires. Tlie parts that
are inservient to the reproduction of the specie.".
These are very different in the male and feinali'.
In man, they are numerous; some secreting the
sperm, as the testicles and their appendages;
others retaining it, as the vesicular seminules;
and another for carrying it into the organs of tlie
female, — the penis. In the female, the parts of
generation form an apparatus, perhaps more com-
plicated than that of the male. Some arc inser-
vient to copulation, as the vulva, vagina, Ac,
others to conception and the preservation of the
product for a determinate time, as the uterus and
its appendages ; whilst others concur in the ali-
mentation of the infant after birth, as the mainina;.
GENITALE, Sperm— g. Caput, Glans.
GENITALIA, Genital organs — g. Viri, Pudi-
bilia.
GEN'ITO-CRURAL NERVE, Ncrvns geu'iio.
crnra'lis, Subpu'bial or Intvr'nal in'gninal nerve.
A branch of the second lumbar nerve, wliicli
passes through the psoas muscle, and, approiicli-
ing the femoral arch, divides into two hrHiiclic;',
— an internal, scrotal, or gen'ital, nervns sperma-
ticus sou pnden'dns exter'nns, and an external or
femoral cutaneous branch, lumbo-ingninalis.
GENITO- URINARY, see Uro-gcnital.
GENITOIRES, Genital Organs.
GENITU'RA. That which is fecundated or
engendered in the maternal womb. This word
has been used synonymously with embryo, fwtni,
and infant. Also, the sperm; and the penis. See
Gone.
GENIUM, Mentum.
GENNBSIS, Generation.
GENNETICA, Genital Organs.
GENNETICOCNES'MUS, from ycwriuKo;,
'genital,' and »cvt;<r/jus, 'itching.' Itching of the
genital organs.
GENNETICON'OSI, Genneticnnn'si from
ytvvriTiKog, ' genital,' and voaoi, ' disease.' Dis-
eases of the genitals.
GENNET'ICUS, Genital.
GEN'OA, CLIMATE OF. The climate of this
Italian city and its vicinity has been often selected
as favourable for the phthisical valetudinarian
during the winter ; but it is now admitted to l.c
decidedly improper for pulmonary affections, be-
ing subject to frequent and rapid changes of tem-
perature, and to dry cold winds from the north,
alternately with warm moist winds from the
south-east. — Sir James Clark.
GENONU'SI, 3Iorbi sexus, from yeroj, 'sex,'
and voueroj, ' disease.' Sexual diseases.
GENOPLASTIC, Meloplastic.
GENOS, Sex.
GENOU, Genu.
GENOUILlJjS, (Corps,) Corpora geniculata.
GENOUILLET, Convallaria polygonatum.
GENRE, Genus.
GENSANG, Panax quinquefolium.
GENTIA, Gcntianina.
GENTIAN, (from Gentius, King of Illyrin, who
used some species medicinally), Gentiana luien,
Triosteum— g. Blue, Gentiana catesbai— g- Catcs-
bian, Gentiana catesbaji— g. Horse, Triosteum—
g. White, Laserpitium latifolium — g. SouthcTn,
Gentiana catesbifii—g. White, Triosteum— g. Yel-
low, Gentiana lutea, see Calumba.
GENTIANA, G. lutea— g. Alba. Laserpitium
latifolium — g. Amarylluides, G. quinqueflora— K-
Cachenlaguen, Chironia Chilcnsis — g. Centau-
rium, Chironia centaurium.
GEXTIANE JAUNE
421
GERANIUM
GkvtiwaCatf.sBvE'i; G.Cntexhm'na, BhteGen-
f!'in. Ph. U. S., Cutei'bian or S'mlheni Geu'tian,
lUiiehelU, liitterroot. Old. Gentianaceae. It is
n pure and simple bitter, and the root may be
used wherever that of the Gentkvia lutea is
|iro|)er.
(Jkntia'n'A Chirayta, G. ChirnySUn, Henrice'a
fhrirni'iceiu'ehti, Siocr'lirt, Aijalho'len ehirayi'ta,
Ofihe'tia chira'tn, Uhiret'Ut, Uhlnaji'ta, Chi-
rae'tn. A native of India, whicli has been
iiuifh employed in that country, in dyspepsia,
and lis an antiperiodic in intcnnitfents. It is
preferred by sonic to sarsaparilla, where the lat-
ter is considered to be indicated, — as after large
quantities of mercury have been taken, or where
pripfuse salivation has been induced. It has also
been advised in atonic leucorrhoea. It yields its
virtues to alcohol and water.
(iKNTrANA Crinita, see (x. quinqueflora — g. Ge-
rardi, Chironia centaurium.
(ientia'na Ld'tka. The systematic name of
the ofiScinal gentian ; GentUi'tm, G. major seu
r'l'enini seu rubra, Sicer'ti<( lu'ten, Ante,' ring lit'-
trn, Yflloin Gentian, Felwort. Ord. Gentianese.
(F.) Gentiiine jaime. This is a plant common in
the mountains of Europe. The root is almost
inodorous, extremely bitter, and yields its virtues
to ether, alcohol, and water. It is tonic and
stomachic: and in large doses, aperient. Dose,
gr. X to 9ij. It is most frequently, however,
used in infusion or tincture.
Gkntiana Major, G. lutea — g. Ochroleuca,
see (}. saponaria — g. Peruviana, Chironia Chi-
lensis.
(Jkntia'na Quinqueplo'ra, G. amnryUoVdes,
Fire-Jtowpred Gentian ; and Gentia'na Crini'ta,
Frlnrjed Gentian, indigenous, are possessed of
like virtues.
Gkntiaxa Rubra, G. lutea.
GKNTrANA Sapom'ria, Snapwort Gentian, and
G. ochroleu'ca, Sampson's Snakeroot ; indigenous,
have the properties of (Jentiana lutea; and are
saiil also to be diaphoretic.
Gknti ANA VKTKium, G. lutca.
GEXTfAXE JAUXE, Gentiana lutea.
GKNTI.ANI'NA, Gcntianine, Gentianin, Gen-
tin'tiiii, Gen'tia. A supposed neutral substance,
obtained from gentian, and, by some, presumed
to be its active principle. It is not so.
GH.NTILrriUS, Hereditary.
GHXU, Goiii/. yoi'u, (P.) Genou. The articula-
tion of the leg with the thigh ;— the Femoro-tibial
or knee-joint, the knee. It is the most compli-
cated in the body, and is formed by the inferior
extremity of the femur, the superior extremity
of the tibia, and the rotula. The articular sur-
fnces of the bones are covered by layers of carti-
lii^'e — more or less thick — and by the synovial
membrane of the articulation. Tiie soft parts of
this joint are, — the ligiimeiitnm pntellce, two late-
ral liganjents, distinguished iiy the names inter-
i"d and external ; a posterior ligament, Lif/ainen'-
t'lin poHli'cnin Window' ii ; two crucial ligaments,
—the one anterior, and the other posterior; two
iiiterarticular fibrocartilages ; some albugineous
fi'jres, whicii foim an iu\porfect capsule, &c. The
knee receives its arteries from the femoral and
Ji'pliteal. They bear the name articular. Its
veins have the same distribution as the arteries,
ami discharge their blood into the saphena and
crural. Its nerves are furnished by the sciatic,
p 'pliteal, and crural. The joint is protected by
t!ie tendons and muscles which surround it.
The French use the term Articulation en genou
fir a joint, in which the head of a bone is received
into a bony cavity of another, where it rolls and
moves in all directions.
Gknii Coni'ORis Cat.losi, see Corpus callosum
— g. Varum, Eutogonyanuon.
GENFGRA, Gonagra.
GENU IN US, Legitimate.
GENUS, (F.) Genre. A collection or group of
species, analogous to each other, and which can
be united by common characters. When a spe-
cies cannot be referred to a known genus, it con-
stitutes a distinct one.
Gkni'S CiniATiOMS, Ratio medendi.
GENY, Genys.
GENYANTRAL'GIA, from ytvus,' the maxilla,'
avrpov, 'the antrum, and oXyoj, 'pain.' Pain in
the antrum of Higbmore.
GENYANTRI'TIS, from yn-uf, ' the maxilla,'
avrpov, 'the antrum,' and itin, denoting inflamma-
tion. Inflammation of the antrum of Highmore.
GENYANTRUM, Antrum of Highmore.
GENYOCYNANCHE, Cynanche parotidaea.
GENYOPLASTY, see Genioplasty.
GENYS, yews, Genu, ytvv, 'the jaw;' also the
chin. Sec Gena.
GEOFFR/E'A INER'MIS, Geoffra'a, G. race-
mo'sa seu Piso'nia seu Jamniceii'iis, Voitacnp'-
oiia America' na, Geoffroy'a, Cahhaij"ium, Andi'ra
inerm'is seu racemo''<a, Cabbaije Tree, Cabbage
Bark Tree, ]Vorni-bark Tree. Ord. Leguminosse.
Sex. Syxt. Diadelphia Decandria. The odour of
the bark is very unpleasant. It is anthelmintic
and cathartic. Bose of the powder, J^j to ^ij.
Geoffr^a Jamaicessis, G. inerinis — g. Piso-
nis, G. inermis — g. Raeemosa, G. inerrais.
Gf.offu-k'a Suri.vame.n'sis, Andi'ra Surina-
meu'sis, has similar properties.
Huttenschmidt has separated their active prin-
ciples, to which he has given the names Jamai-
cine and Siirinamine. They are all alkaline.
Geoffrtea Vermif'uga, Andirn ibai, Arriba,
Skolemo'ra Fernanibiicen'sis ; a South American
plant, has a fruit, the almond of which, called
anyeline, has a reputation at Rio Janeiro as a
vermifuge. Dose, a grain to fifteen; or it may
be given in infusion.
GEOFFROYA, GeofTraja inermis — g. Jamai-
ccnsis, G. inermis.
GEOG'RAPHY, MED'ICAL, Geogra'phia
JIfed'ica, Nosoi/eog'raphi/, Nosngeograph' ia. The
description of the surface of the globe as regards
the influence of situation on the health, vital
functions, and diseases of its inhabitants, vege-
table and animal: but principally on thos« of
man.
GEOPII'AGISM, Geopliag"ia, Gmnphag" ia,
from yi), 'earth,' and i^ayh>, 'I eat.' The act or
practice of eating earth. See Chthonophagia.
GEORGIA, MINERAL WATERS OF. The
water of Indian Springs, in Butts County, is
sulphureous. The Warm Springs, in Meriwether
County, have a temperature of 90° Fahr. Madi-
son's Springs, in Madison County, are a chaly-
beate; and so are Jiowland's Springs, in Cass
County. All these are frequented by invalids.
GERJ!;OLO(t"IA, Geralolog"ia, from yijpa;,
yrjpnrof, 'old age,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.' The
doctrine, or a description, of old age.
GERAFLOURIS, Dianthus caryophyllns.
GER'ANIS, from ycpavos, 'a crane,' which it
resembled. A bandage, used by the ancients in
cases of fractured clavicle. Some authors attri-
bute it to Hippocrates; others, to Perigenes.
GERA'NIUM, same etymon, because its pistil
is long, like the bill of the crane. Ord. Gerania-
ceae. The Crane's Bill.
Geranium Caholiniantm. see G. Robertianum
— g. Foetidum, G. Robertianum — g. Maculatum,
see Geranium, and G. Moschatum.
Geranium Moscha'tum, Erod'ium Moschatum,
(F.) Bee de grue muscpte. A European plant,
esteemed to be excitant and diaphoretic.
(Jeramum Novebohacbxse, G. Maculatum
g. Purpureum, G. Robertianum.
GERAS
42 2
GIANT
GKRwri'M Robkutia'sdm, G. fiv'lidum sen
pitrj)i(' renin, Stiiiki'iiij Crane's IJiU, Herb Hubert,
(F.J Ilerbe d Robert, Bee de Gnte Robertin.
This plant was, at one time, used as an antispas-
itiudic and slight stimulant, as well as fur an ex-
ternal application in various painful sores and
inflammations.
(iERA'N'iuM Carolinia'num, has similar proper-
ties.
Most of the species of geranium have been used
as astringents. In some of the northwestern
parts of the United Sti^tes, the root of Gera-
liinm nmcnln'tmn — Gero'nium, (Ph. U. S.) — 0.
Noceboracen'ni, Spotted Crane's Bill, Crowfoot,
Alum root, Tiirtnentil, Stork bill — is called Rncine
d Decqiiet, after a person of that name. It is
highly extolled by the Western Indians as an
antisyphiiitie.
GERAS, Senectus.
GERgURE, Fissure.
GERM, Gernien, Rlaxte, Blaste'mn, (F.) Germe.
The rudiment of a new being, not yet developed,
or which is still adherent to the mother.
Germ Fouck, Plastic force.
GERMANDER, COMMON, Teueriura cha-
nisedrys — g. Creeping, Teueriura chama'drys — g.
Marnm, Teucriuin marum — g. Small, Teucrium
chamifidrys — -g. Water, Teucrium scordium.
GERMANDREE AQUATIQUE, Teucrium
scordium — ;/. Murithne, Teucrium marum — g.
Offichidle, Teucrium chamaedrys — g. Seorodone,
Teucrium scordium.
GERME FA UX, Conception, false.
GERMEN, Germ, Sperm — g. Dentale, Dental
Pulp— g. Falsum, Mole — g. Spurium, Conception,
false.
GEK'MINAL, Ger'minafive, Germinn'Us, Ger-
miniiti'vns, (F.) Germinatif ; from germen, a
germ. Relating or belonging to germ; as "ger-
minal cell."
Germinal Cell, see Cytoblast — g. Membrane
and Vesicle, see Molecule — g. Nucleus, see
Molecule — g. Spot, see Molecule — g. Vesicle, see
Molecule.
GERMS, DISSEMINATION OP, Panspermia
• — g. Pre-cxistence of, see Preformation.
GEROBOS'CIA, Gemntobos't-in, from yripaq,
'old age,' and fiooKri, 'food.' Nourishment or
maintenance prajjcr for the aged.
GEROCOMEUM, Gerocomium.
GEROCO'MIA, Gerocom'ice, Gerontoeom'ice,
from, yqiiav, ycfioiTos, 'an aged person,' and KOfiuv,
'to take care of.' The part of medicine whose
object is the preservation of the health of the
aged : — the hygiene of old people.
GEROCOMICE, Gerocomia.
GEROCOMI'UM, Gerorowe'im, Presh/odn-
chl'um, Geroiifoconii'nm, Ge rot raphe' urn. Same
etymon. An hospital for the aged.
GEROFLE, see Eugenia caryophyllata.
GEROFLEE JAUXE, Cheiranthus cheiri.
GERONTATROPHIA, Marasmus senilis.
GEROXTOBOSCEA, Geroboscia.
GERONTOCOMICE, Gerocomia.
GERONTOCOMIUM, Gerocomium.
GERONTO'PIA, from ytptav, yepovro;, 'an old
person,' and w\l/, 'the eye.' Weakness of sight
of the aged.
GERONTOTOXON, Gerotoxon.
GERONTOXON, Gerotoxon.
GEROTOX'ON, Gerontox'on, Gerontotox'on,
Leneo'ina Gerontotox'on, Mac'nla eor'nem arcna'tn.
Areas seni'tis ; from yepiov, yepovroi, 'an old per-
son,' and To^ov, 'a bow.' A bow-shaped obscurity
at the under margin of the cornea, common to
old people.
GEROTROPHEUM. Gerocomium.
GEROTROPHIA, Geroboscia.
GERSA, Plnmbi subcarbonas — g. Scrpentnria>,
see Aruui inaculatum.
GESIER, Vcntriculus callosus.
GESTA, 'things done,' from gerere, gestnm,
'to do,' 'carry.' Acta. A Latin term, intro-
duced by Halle into medical language, to desig-
nate, among the objects which belong to hygiene,
the functions which consist in the voluntary
movements of mu.-!cles and organs. In the clii.«j
Gesta are found sleep, the waking state, mdvemenlt
or locomotion, and rest.
GESTA'TION, Gesta'tio, Phora, from giHtare,
gestatnm, 'to carry.' The time during wljich ii
female who has conceived carries the embryo in
her uterus. See Pregnancy. Gestation, likewise,
signifies the bearing or carrying of an individual;
a kind of exercise easier than that in which lie
moves by virtue of his own ])owers. Thus, «o
speak of gestation on horseback, in a carriage, ,tc.
Gestation, Protract'ed. Pregniincy pro-
tracted beyond the usual period. See Pregnancy.
GESTICULA'TION, Gesticnla'iio, same ety-
mon. The act of making many gestures; a
symptom in disease, which indicates great ence-
phalic erethism. It is met with iu numerous
affections.
GETIIYL'LIS SPIRA'LIS. A South Africnn
plant, Xat. Ord. AmnryllideiB, the oriinge-ci>-
loured fruit of which has a pcculiiir fragiance.
An infusion in spirit or tincture is used in flatu-
lence and colic.
GEUM, G. rivale — g. Caryophyllatuin, (i. iir-
banum — g. Nutans, G. rivale — g. Palustre, li.
rivale.
Geum Rivale, G. pains' tre sou nntans, Cnri/ti-
phijlla'tu aquut'iea seu nutans, IJenedic'ta sijlrm'-
tris. Water or Pnrple avens, Choc'olate root. (F.)
Benoite aquatique ou des Ruisseanx. Ord. Rosa-
cesB. Sex. Si/st. Icosandria Polygynia. The
root of this plant — Genm (Ph. U. S.) — is astrin-
gent. It has been much extolled in the cure of
intermittents, diarrhoea, hemorrhage, Ac.
Geiim UrBA'num, G. caryophjjlla'tmu, C'lryn-
piliylla'ta, C. vidga'ris seu urba' nn, Carynjyliijl'liin
vulga'ris, Sanamun'da, Lagophthal'/iius, Cari/n-
2)hyl'la, Janamun'da, Ilerba benedie'ta, Cuniiiiuii
avens, Herb Rennet, Yellow avens, Star of the
North, Blessed herb, (F.) Benoite. The root of
this plant has a smell not unlike that of cloves.
Taste bitterish, austere; virtues yielded to water
and alcohol. It has been used in intermiltenls,
dysentery, chronic diarrhoea, debility, &c. Dose,
^ss to 3IJ of the powder.
Geum Vernum, Western early avens, has the
same properties as
Geum Virginia'num, White avens, Avens, Ecmt
root, Choc'olate root, Bennet, Throat rout, Cure-
nil, (F.) Benoite de Virginie, is common from
Maine to Carolina and Kentucky, flowering in
•Tune and July. It has the same medical pro-
perties as Geum rivale.
GEUMA, Taste.
GEUSION'OSI, from ytuois, 'taste,' and voaoi,
'disease.' Geusionu'si. Diseases of the organ or
sense of taste.
GEIISIS, Taste. Rarely, the root of the
tongue — Radix linyna.
GEUTHMOS, Taste.
GEZIB, see Pastinaca opoponax.
GEZIT, Cngot.
GEZJTAIN, Cagot.
GHERKIN, see Cucumis sativus.
GHITTA JEMOCO. Carabogia.
GIALAPPA, Convolvulus Jalapi.
GIANT, Gigas, (F.) Geant. One much above
the ordinary stature; of excessive growth — M"-
croso'mia, 3f acrosomal' ia, Magiiitu'do gigaxtc <*>
(F.) Geantisme.
GIBBA
423
GLADIOLUS
GTBBA, Hump.
(illUiKR, Hump.
GIlilJI'^KOSITAS, Gibbositas.
OlHIJOS'lTAS, Gibheros'itaa, Cyplio'fiU, Ilha-
chiii-ci//)lio'iiiii, from (F.) Oibbeux, (L.) Gibbiis,
(jihbi/iis, 'something arched or vaulted : prominent.'
(llbbiiH' ily, O'ib'botisiieHH, Cnrruttireof the iij>iuf,IIii-
hti'iiin. A phenomenon which occurs in different
diseases, particularly in rickets and caries of the
vertebra). See Hump.
GniBosiTAs Cahiosa. Vertebral disease.
GIBHOUSNESS, Gibbositas.
(JUiHUS, Hump — g. Pottii, Vertebral dise.ise.
GlHIiETS. Accorilin;; to Minsheu. from Gob-
het, 'a mouthful' [?] ; but. according to Junius, from
(F.) Gibier, 'game.' The word seems to be the
old (F.) GIbe/cz, Gibrhf, &c., i. e. Gibier, (L.) C;-
hniinm, 'food,' (F.) Abotlii. It means, generally,
the parts which are cut off from a goose before it
is roasted. Also, the extremities of fowls, such
as the head, wings, feet; to which are sometimes
added the liver, gizzard, &c. Soup, made from
these, is moderately nutritious.
GIDDIXK.SS, Vertigo.
(iri)UY. Vertiginous.
GIC.ANTEUS, Gigantic.
GIGAXTESQUE, Gigantic.
GIGAN'TIC, Gicjnnte'us, Glgnnto'den, (F.) Gi-
gni/tes(jiie. Relating to one much above the or-
dinary stature.
GIGANTODES. Gigantic.
GIGARTIXA HELMINTIIOCIIORTON, Co-
rallina Corsicana^ — g. Lichenoides, Fucus amyla-
ceus.
GIGARUS SERPENTARIA, Arum dracun-
cnbis.
GIGAS, Giant.
(JniAHUM, Thymus serpyllum.
. G I LEAD, BALM OF, see Amyrisopobalsamum.
G/LET I)E FORrE, Waistcoat, strait.
(iIIiL, (Jlcchoma hederaeea.
Gii.r,-GO-nv-GitotiNn. (Jlechoma hederaeea.
GIl-LA THEOPIIRASTI, Zinci sulphas — g.
Vitrioli, Zinci suliihas.
GILLE'NIA STIPULA'CEA, Small-floxoerexl
Jn'difiii Pliijm'c has the satne properties as
Gii.lk'nia Tuifolia'ta, Spircs'n tn'/oh'a'ta,
Common Gille'nla, Indian Phymc, Western Drop-
wort, Indian Hippo, Ip'ecac, Bowman's root, Mea-
dow street, Beaumotit root, (F.) GiUfnie. Ord.
Rosaceao. Sex. S>/st. leosandria Pentagynia.
The root of this shrub, and of G. stipulacea —
Gil/e'nia. (Ph. U. S.) — which grows plentifully
in the United States, is a safe and efficacious
emetic, in the dose of about 30 grains. It re-
sembles ipecacuanha in its properties.
GlIjJjXlE. Gillenia trifoliata.
(JILLIFLOWER, Dianthus caryophyllus.
G flJ.OX. W^i'xxm album.
GIM'BERXAT'S LIGAMENT. A fibrous,
triangular expansion, which is detached from the
posterior and inner part of the crural arch, and i.s
inserted into the crest of the pubis. This liga-
ment forms the inner part of the superior aper-
ture of the crural canal. It is one of the most
frequent causes of strangulation in crural hernia.
GIN, Hollands, Gene'va, (F.) Genierre. This
spirit, which is distilled from com and juniper
berries, or from some substitute for them, is
largely used in Great Britain, and is e.Ytreraely
detrimental, to the lower classes particularly. It
possesses the properties of other spirituous liquors,
but is <liuretic, and, in popular medicine, is more
used than other varieties, in cases of colic or intes-
tinal pain ofnn y kind. Schiedam Selinapps'\s\mAer-
stoocl to be Ilolliinds of good quality. See Spirit,
(iiv Dhinkkh's Liver, Liver, nutmeg — g.
Liver, Liver, nutmeg.
GISGEMBRE, Amomum zingiber.
GINGER, Amomum zingiber.
GiNGKR Bekr Powdkr, see Amomum zingiber.
(iiNGKit, Garden, Capsicum — g. Indian, Asarum
Canadense — g. .Jamaica, concentrated essence of,
see Amomum zingiber — g. Preserved, see Amo-
mum zingiber — g. Wild, Asarum Canadense.
(} I N G I B R A ' C H I U M , from ginr/iva; ' the
gums,' and brachium, 'the arm.' A name given
to the scurvy, because the gums and arms are
chiefly affected by it. It has also been called
Gin</ipe'(liiun, because the lower limbs are in
many cases the seat of scorbutic spots. See Por-
phyra nautiea.
GINGIPEDIUM, see Gingibrachium, Por-
phyra nautiea.
GINGI'VjE, from yignere, 'to beget,' because
the teeth are, as it were, begotten in them. [?]
The (jnms, ovXa, Via, Carnic'ula, (F.) Gencives.
The portion of the mucous membrane of the
mouth which covers the maxillary bones to the
level of the alveolar arches. The gums are
formed of a red tissue, more or less solid, and of
a fibro-mucous nature, which adheres strongly to
the necks of the teeth, and transmits, between
the roots and their alveoli, a very thin expan-
sion,— the alvenlo-dental jjeriosleiim. The gums
fi.x the teeth and contribute greatly to their soli-
dity. In the aged, after the loss of the teeth,
they become fibrous and very solid, and are in-
servient to mastication.
GINOIVA'LIS, L'let'icus, U'licns; from gin-
giva, 'the gums.' Relating to the gums.
GING'LYMOID, Ging/ymoi'dens, Giiighjmo'-
<les, from yiyyXvfios, 'a ginglj'mus or hinge,' and
aiog, 'rescmbhince.' Resembling a ginglymus or
hinge. An epithet .npplied to joints which re-
semble a hinge, as a ging/i/inoid Joint.
GIN'GLYMUS, Cardinamen'tnm, Cardo, 'a
hinge.' (P.) Cliarniere, Articulation encharniere.
A species of diarthrodial articulation, which only
admits of motion in two directions, like a hinge,
— as the knee-joint or elbow-joint.
GINSENG, Panax quinquefolium — g. Asiatic,
Panax Schinseng — g. Blue, Caulophyllum thalic-
troides — g. Yellow, Caulophyllum thalictro'ides —
g. Horse, Triosteum — g. White, Triosteum.
GIRAFFE, Densrue.
GfRA RD-ROUSSIN, Asarum.
GIRDLE. Cingulum.
GIRL. This seems, formerly, to have been
an appellation common to both sexes. Many
etymologists deduce the word from the Su. Goth.
Karl, 'a man.' It means a young female, (L.)
Fil'ia. from ^i\uv, 'to love.' (F.) Fille.
GIROFLE, see Eugenia caryophyllata.
GIRO FLEE JAUNE, Cheiranthus cheiri.
GIROLE, Slum sisarum.
GIROX, Arum maculatum.
GIRSLE, Cartilage.
GISN, Anhelatio.
GISSA, Cynanche parotidjca.
GIZZARD, Ventrieulus callosus.
GIZZEN, see Parturition.
GLABELLA, Mesophryon.
GLABELLAD, see Glabellar.
GLABEL'LAR, from giabeUa, 'the space be-
tween the eyebrows.' An epithet for an aspect
towards the glabella. — Barclay. Glabel/ad is used
adverbially by the same writer to signify 'to-
wards the glabellar aspect.'
GLABRITIES, Calvities.
GLACE. Ice.
GLACIALE, Mesembryanthemum crj-stalli-
num.
GLACTALIS HUMOR, Crystalline.
GLACIES, Ice.
GLADI'OLUS, diminutive otgfadius. 'a sword,'
from the sword-like shape of its leaf. Macbajriou
— g. Cseruleus, Iris Germanica.
GLADIUS
424
GLANDULAR
Gladi'oi.us Commu'.nis, G. vnlyn'rin, Viclo-
riii'lix ri>tiiii'dai>eu/emiiie'ii,C<ir)ijl(ir/,{F.)Gl<njeuL
Ord. IriiJiit. The root of this plant has been
considered aphrodisiac. Applied in cataplasms,
it lias been extolled against scrofulous tumours.
Gi-APioLUs LuTKUS, Iris pseudacorus — g. Vul-
garis, (t. eoniraunis.
GLADIUS, Penis.
GLAMA, Lippitudo, Clinsxie.
GLAND, Ghni'diilrt, Gntn'diila, (diminutive of
(■//'((IS, ' an acorn, a kernel.') Aden. The ancient
anatouiists gave this name to a number of organs
<if a texture generally soft, and a shape more or
less globular, but differing greatly in their nature
and functions. They applied it, for instance, 1.
To those organs which separate from the blood,
any Uuid whatever. When such organs were
composed of several lobules, united b_y common
vessels, they received the name conglomerate
ijhinds, as the parotid, pancreas, Ac. 2. To the
reddish and spongy, knot-like bodies, which are
met with in the ccuirse of the lymphatics. These
they called con<//ijhale f/hnidH ; — see Ganglion,
(lymphotic ;) and 3dly and lastly, to various other
organs, whose intiuiate texture and functions are
still unknown, as the Pinenl tjhind, Pitultnry
ijhind. Glcndn of Pacvhi'oni. Thyroid gland, Thij-
tiiun gland, Supra-renal glands, &c. Chaussier
restricts the word gland to those softish, granular,
lobated organs, composed of vessels, and a parti-
cular texture, of which there are in the human
body, the l<(chri/nial, nalivary, and mammary, the
iexticleH, the liver, pancreas, and kidneys. These
j/ernianent glands, or glands with permanent diicta,
are all destined to draw from the blood the mole-
cules necessary for the formation of new fluids,
and to convey these fluids externally, by means
of one or more excretory ducts. Several glands,
besides their excretory ducts, have especial reser-
voirs, in which the fluids, secreted by them, col-
lect, remain for a greater or less space of time,
and undergo slight modifications before being
evacuated; — such are, the gall-bladder for the
liver, the urinary bladder for the kidneys, &c.
Each gland has an organization peculiar to it,
but we know not the intimate nature of the glan-
dular texture. — Malpighi believed that the ves-
sels terminate in small, solid masses, to which he
gave the name — glandidar grains or acini. In
these, he considered, the excretory ducts originate,
lluysch thought that the glands are entirely vas-
cular, and that the excretory ducts are immedi-
ately continuous with the vasn affrrentia, Ac. The
best view, perhaps, is, that the exhaling or secre-
ting vessel is distributed on the- animal membrane,
which forms the blind extremitj' of the excretory
duet, and that the secretion is effected through
it by means of cells.
The term glande (F.) is sometimes appropriated
to the tumour formed by inflammation or engorge-
ment of a lymphatic ganglion.
GLAND, Glans — g. Accessory, of the Parotid,
pee Parotid — g. Anteprostatic, see Cowper's
glands — g. Blood, see Ganglion — g. Globate, Con-
globate gland — g. Prostate, Prostate — g. Sali-
vary, abdominal, Pancreas.
GLANDAGE. Adenophyraa.
GLANDE, Gland — gf. Thyroide, see Thyroid
gland — •'/. Vidvaire conglomeree, Cowper's glands
in the female — g. Vidoo-vaginale, Cowper's glands
ii the female.
GLANDERS, Equinia — g. Farcy, see Equinia.
GLANDES BRONCHIQUES, Bronchial
glands — (/. Ue.rnmineiises, Ceruminous glands — g.
Conglohees, Conjlobate glands — g. de Cowper,
'•owper's glands in the female — g. de Croissauce,
Waxing kernels — g. de Littre, see Sebaceous
glands — g. de Meibomius, Meibomius, glands of —
g. de Mery, Cowper's glamls in the female — g. de
Pacchioni, Paechioni, glands of.
GLANDIFORM COllPUSCLE, Acinus— g.
ganglion, see Ganglion.
GLANDIUM, Thymus,
GLANDS, see Quercus Alba — g. Accessory,
Cowper's glands — g. Aggregate, Peyeri glandulap
— g. Agminatcd, Peyer's glands — g. A|)oric, Gan-
glions, glandiform — g. Blind, Ganglions, glandi-
form— g. of Bartholinus, Cowper's glands in the
female — g. Brunner's, see Brunner's glands — g.
Cowper's, sec Cowper's glands — g. Diapnogenous,
see Perspiration — g. Ductless, see (Janglion — g.
of Duverney, Cowper's glands in the female — g.
Havers's, Synovial glands — g. Lenticular, Lcntie-
ulares glandulie — g. Lieberkiihn's, Lieberkiihn's
glands, see Intestine — g. Miliary, Schaceous
gland.s — g. of Naboth, Nabothi Glandula' — g. Oil,
Sebaceous glands — g. of Pacchioni. Glandulse
Pacchioni — g. Permanent, see Gland — g. Peyer's,
Peyeri glandula; — g. Renal, Cajjsules, renal — g.
Sebaceous, see Sebaceous glands — g. Solitary,
Brunner's glands — g. Sudoriparous, see Perspira-
tion— g. Sweat, see Perspiration.
GlAND.S, Tkm'porary, Glands tvitlwut permn-
neiif orifices. Glands, that consist of a single
primary vesicle or sacculus, which, having ela-
borated a secretion in its interior, bursts, dis-
charges it, and disappears. The Graafian vesi-
cles and the gland cells afford examples of these.
Glands of Tyson, Sebaceous glands of Tyson
— g. Vascular, see Ganglion — g. of Vesalius,
Bronchial glands — g. of AVillis, Albicantia corpo-
ra, Mammillary tubercles.
GLANDULA, Gland — g. ad Aures, Parotid—
g. Avicenniie, Encystis — g. Bartholiniana, Sub-
lingual gland — g. Basilaris, Pituitary gland — g.
Colli, Tonsil — g. Innominata Galeni, Lachrymal
gland — g. Lacrymalis, Lachrymal gland — g. Lac-
tifera. Mammary gland — g. Mucosa, Conglolinfe
gland — g. Pinealis, Pineal gland — g. Pituilosa,
Pituitary gland — g. Riviniana, Sublingual gland
— g. Salivalis abdominis, Pancreas — g. Socia
Parotidis, see Parotid — g. Thymus, Thymus — g.
Thyreoidea, Thyroid gland.
GLANDiiLyR AciN0.s.i5,sce Acinus — g. Agminatae,
Peyeri glandulae — g. Articulares, Synovial glands
— g. Assistentes, Prostate — g. Brunneri, Brunner's
glands — g. Cervicis uteri, Nabothi glandulae — g.
Coronae penis, see Sebaceous glands — g. Cowper's,
Cowper's glands-^g. Duras matris, G. Pacchioni
— g. DuriB meningis, G. Paechioni — g. in Agmen
congregatae intestinoruu), Peyeri glanduliif — g.
Intestina'.es, Peyeri glandula — g. Lieherkiihni-
anw, Lieberkiihn's glands — g. Littriana;, see Se-
baceous glands — g. Meibomianae, Meibomius,
glands of — g. Mucosae coagminatse intestinorum,
Peyeri glandulae — g. Muciparae racematim con-
gestac intestinorum, Peyeri glandulie — g. Myrti-
formes, Carunculas myrtiformes — g. Odoriferae
glandis, see Sebaceous glands — g. Odoriferas
penis, see Sebaceous glands — g. Odorifera Tysoni,
see Sebaceous glands — g. Pacchioni, Pacchioni,
glands of — g. Peyerianao, Peyeri glandulae — g.
Plexifornies, Peyeri G. — g. Prostatae mulieruni,
see Corpus glandulosum mulieruni — g. Sehaceaj
ciliares, Meibomius, glands of — g. Sebaceae glan-
dis, see Sebaceous glands — g. Solitariie, Brunner's
glands — g. Spuriae, Peyeri glandulae, (ianglions,
glandiform — g. Sudoriferic. see Perspiration — g.
Suprarenales. Capsules, renal — g. Tubulosap, see
Tubular — g. Tysoni, Sebaceous glands of Tyson
— g. Uterintp, Utricular glands — g. Utriculares,
Utricular Glands — g. Vasculosae, Conglomerate
glands — g. Vesalianae, Bronchial glands.
GLANDULAIRE, Glandular.
GLAND'ULAR, Glandnla'ris. Glandnlo'sni,
(F.) Glandtdaire, Glandideux. Having the ap-
GLANDULE
4 25
GLOBULE
pcaranc-o. fonn, or texture of Glainh ; as a gJan-
itiilar binly, a ij/diidn/iir texture, <fec.
{ii.ANDiJLAK Substance of thk Kidney, see
Kiiliicv.
(ir-ANDULE OF MALPIGHI, see Corpora
Mjlliif;liiMiiii.
6' A, .1 A7' I 'f.EUX, Gliindular.
(JLAN'DULO'SO-CARNEUS. Ruysch gives
tliis epiiliet to fleshy excrescences which he found
ill tlie lilii'ldcr.
GT-A\DULOSUS, Glandular.
(ILAX.S, <l^•n'\\\vf. (/lotxlii, ('an acorn.') Bnl'n-
1IIIH. ('i/t'l'ii<ii, (^impiH. Ciipiit, C. I'eiit'n, (jcnitit'le
c'ipiii, (F.) Gland. The extremity of the penis
and of the clitoris. The t/laun jienia is of a coni-
cal, sli;;htly flattened shape. It is continuous
with till! urethra, which oyicns at its apej- ; and
i.-i circumscribed by a projecting edge, called the
i'lini'iiii /jliiiulis, behind which is a depression.
C'llhim scu Sulcus retr<>(/l<indiil/i'n'K. It is covered
by a thin mucous membrane, is furnished, at its
base, with sebaceous follicles, called ghiii'dii!(B
ii'tiiri/'ricB Ti/xii'iii, the secretion from which is
termed Suieijiiin prc/tit'tii ; and can, almost always,
be covered tiy the reflection of the sl<in, called the
pippiicr. Lastly, it is formed of a spongy texture,
susceptible of being thrown into erection.
(jI.ans, Bronchocele, Pessary, Suppository.
Gr.ANS CLiTon'inis is smaller. It is imper-
fiirate, and likewise covered with a sort of pre-
puce formed by the mucous membrane of the
vulva.
Gi.ANS Jovis Thkophrasti, Fagiis eastanea —
g. Uln:e, Olecranon — g. Unguentaria, Guilandina
UKiringa, Mvrobalanus.
(iLAKEA. Gravel.
GLASS, Vitrum.
GLAUBER'S SALTS, Soda, sulphate of.
GLAUCEDO. Glaucoma.
GLAUCO'MA, from yXdUKo?, 'sea-green.'
(ildiiiii'tilii, GInnce'di), Ciitarnc'td (/hiic-n. Oc'idus
((s'lius, Cm'niiin, Phlhctnim (jhiiiro'iiin, Pivnp'sia
(jlunvii'sin, Apoj/lauco'sfs. Amongst the older
jiathologists, this word was used synonymously
with cataract. It is now ordinarily applied to
opacity of the vitreous humour or of the tunica
hyaloiiiea, which manifests it,«elf by a grayish,
or greenish spot, apparent through the pupil.
The diagnosis is generally diflicult; and the dis-
ease is almost always incurable.
Gi.AiTcoMA AVoi'i.iioi'si, Cataract.
GLAUCOSIS, Glaucoma.
GLAYEUL, Gladiolus vulgaris — g. Piiaut,
Iris fa'lidissima.
GLECHO'MA IIEDERA'CEA. G. hlrsu'ta.
Xep'ctn yk'iho'mn, Htt/cr'iilrt, ChdiiiO'cJe' n)n, C.
hederti'ceii, Odlnmiii'lhii hedera'cea, Calaiin'ti'ta
hiiiiill'ior, Chnmo'.ris'gnt. I/ed'era terres'trii, Ni'p'-
clii (/Icrlio'itKi, Pini'tce'a pec'torh, Ground-ivy,
Gdl, GiU-ijo-hy-gr<initd, Ahhnnf, Rabin rnunn-ay,
(F.) Lierre te.rrpstre, Tcrn-tte, Rondote, Hevhe
Siiint-Jenn. This plant — 0/-rf. Labiatii; — has a
strung .smell, and a bitterish, somewhat aromatic,
taste. It has been considered expectorant and
tunic.
•n.ECirO.MA IIIRSUTA, G. hederacea.
(!l,ECIIO.\. Mentha piilegium.
(iLECHOXI'TIS. Wine, impregnated with
the Glechon, yAvj^ojv, iiiciithu pideyiuni or pennj'-
roynl.
GI,EKtXG. Strabismus.
GLEET, see (tonorrhoca.
GI.EME, (Vioniie, Lippitudo.
GLEXE, yXiji'j;. The pupil. The anterior part
of the eye. The eyeball. The eye. According
to some, the crystalline lens. Also, a glenoid
cavity.
GLEXGORK. Svphilis.
GLEXGOUll, Syphilis.
GLENITIS, Phacitis.
GLEXN'S SPRINGS, see South Carolina,
Mineral waters of.
GLENOID, Glene.
Gi.k'noid, Glenoid' al, Glenoida'Ua, Gleunt'dea,
Gleno'deH, Gleno'i'deiis, from y^rivr), and £«(5of, 're-
semblance.' (F.) Glenoide, Glcnoidafc, Gleiioi-
dien. Any shallow, articular cavity, yXtj^'l, glene,
which receives the head of a bone; such as, 1.
The glenoid cavity or fossa of the scapula, Foaaa
gifno'idea, Omocot'yie, Acelab'vlnm hn'nieri, Ciiv'i-
tan hu'meri gleni/idex, Enlypo'iiie, is situate at
the anterior angle of the scapula : and is arti-
culated with the head of the humerus. 2. The
glenoid cavity or fossa of the temporal Ixine. It
is seated between the two roots of the zygomatic
process, and receives the condyle of the lower
jaw.
Glenoid Lig'ament, (F.) Ligament Gleno'idien,
is a fibro-cartilaginous ring or honrrelet, which
seems formed by the expansion of the tendon of
the long head of the biceps brachialis, and sur-
rounds the glenoid cavity of the scapula, the
depth of which it increases.
GLENOID ALE. Glenoid.
GLEYED, see Strabismus.
GLIADI.NE. Ihematin.
GLISCIIRAS'MA, Glix'ehrotes. from ylicxpai-
Ki), (yAia, 'glue.'j 'I become glutinous.' Lentor,
viscidity. — IIi[)|i(iciates.
GLISCIIROCirOLUS, from yXitrx/'os, 'viscid,'
and ;;^oA»;, 'bile.' An epithet lor excrcmeut which
is glutiucius and bilious.
GLISCIIROTES, Glischrasma.
GLISO.MARCJO, Greta.
GIJSSEMENT DU LAMBEAU, see Flap.
GLL-^TEI{, Clvster.
GLOBE, Bandage (head)— g. of the Eye, see
Eye — g. Flower, Cephalanthus occidcntalis, Trol-
lius laxus.
GLOBULAIRE PURGATIVE, Globularia
alypuni.
"GLOBULA'RIA AL'YPUM, Glohula'ria,
ilfuntjiel'lier Tuihitli, (F.) Glohuhtire pturynlive,
Tnvhiili hianc. Ord. Globulariae. The leaves
of this jilant are bitter, and have been used in
interniittents and in constipation. See Alypon.
GLOB'ULE, Glob'uliis, Sphm'rion, SphcB'rulu.
A small globe.
Globules of the Blood, Blood globules,
Blotxi-corpuscles. Blood-disks, Blood- vesicles,
Glob'uli seu Vesic'ulcB sou S/)Jt(B'n(l(e seu FoNic'-
w/i'seu Corj>ns'cnhi sou Cell' nia; feu Rarlic'nla setl
Gran'nin san'giiiiiis, (P.) Globules du sang, Dis-
ipies snnguins, are small, circular bodies, which
are particularly observable when the transparent
parts of cold-i)looded animals are examined by
the aid of the microscope; and are met with in
the blood of all animals. They are circular in
the mammalia, and elliptical in birds and cold-
blooded animals ; are flat in all animals, and
generally composed of a central nucleus enclosed
in a membranous sac. Chemically, they consist
of ha?inatin and globulin — hminato-globulin. The
chemical composition of the nucleus, where it
exists, — it does not in man, — has been by some
regarded as fibrin ; by others, as fat ; and by
others, again, as a species of horn, to which the
name nuclei)! has been given.
Size of the Globules.
Sir E. Home and Bauer, with j LlTOOth part of
colouring matter J an inch.
Eller 1.1930
Sir E. Home and Bauer, with- ) , 9000
out colouring matter J
jUiUer 1.2.S00 to L.^SnO
Mandl'..'.'. 1-2025 to 1.3150
GLOBULE D'ARANTIUS 42G
GLOSSO-EPIGLOTTIC
Ilodgkin, Lister, and Rudolphi, 1.3000
Sprengel, 1.3000 to 1.3500
Cavallo 1.3000 lo 1.4000
Donne 1.3150 to 1.3280
Jiirin and Gulliver 1.3240
Blumenbach and Senac 1.3330
Tabor 1.3()00
Milne Edwards 1.3900
Wa^Mler 1.4000
Kater 1.4000 to 1.6000
Prevost and Duinas 1.4056
Haller, Wollaston, and Weber... 1.5000
Young 1.6060
Besides these, the blood eontains xcihite glo-
hiden, (F.) Glohides blaiicn, Leucocytes, which are
probably lymph and chyle corpuscles in process
of ilovelopment into red corpuscles.
Dried blood globules of the ox have been given
internally in cases of anaemia.
GLOBULE D'ARANTI US, see Sigmoid
valves — g. clii Sang, Globule of the blood.
GLOBULES BLANCS, see Globules of the
blood — g. Ganglion, see Neurine — g. Chyle, see
Chyle — g. Lymph, see Lymph — g. Milk, see
Miik — g. Mucous, see Mucus — g. Pus, sec Pus
— g. Pyoid, see Pus.
GLOBULI ARTERTARUM TERMINI, see
Acinus — g. Mammillares, see Mammillary emi-
nence— g. Sanguinis, (Jllobules of the blood — g.
Tartari martiales, Ferrum tartarizatum — g. Tar-
tratis ferri et lixiviic, Ferrum tartarizatum.
GLOB'ULIN, Glol'nlhie, Blood ca'iein. The
colourless substance that remains after the ab-
straction of the colouring matter of the blood-
corpuscle. It is a peculiar albuminous principle.
The globulin of Berzelius consists of the enve-
lopes of the blood globules, and of the part of
their contents that remains after the extraction
of the hamatin. Lecanu regards it as iilenli-
cal with albumen; and, according to Mulder, it
belongs to the combinations of protein. Robin
and Verdeil consider it to be albitminone.
The term globidin is likewise given by M.
Donne to small granulations appertaining to the
chyle, which are observable in the blood with the
microscope. They are small, white, roundish, iso-
lated or irregularly-agglomerated grains ; of about
the 1-300 of a millimetre in diameter, and are re-
garded by M. Donne as the first elements of the
blood globules. They are the tuhite granulated
corpnscleH of Mandl.
GLOBULISM, Homoeopathy.
GLOBULUS ARANTIL see Sigmoid valves
— g. Nasi, see Nasus — g. Sanguineus, Punctum
saliens — g. Stapedius Ossis, Os orbiculare.
GLOBUS HYSTERICUS, Angone— g. Major,
see Epididymis — g. Minor, see Epididymis — g.
Martialis, Ferrum tartarizatum.
Globus Uteri'nits. A term applied by accou-
cheurs to the round tumour, formed by the uterus
in the lower part of the abdomen immediately
after delivery.
GLOMERATE, Conglomerate.
GLOM'ERULE, Glonier'ulus ; from glomus, 'a
clew of thread.' A ball or clew, formed by an
agtrloraeration of vessels; as Glomerate oi Meil'pi-
gbi: see Corpora Malpighiana.
GLOMERULI RENALES, Corpora Malpi-
gbiana.
GLOSSA, Glottn, 'the tongue.' The power of
speech. Speech. Hence :
GLOSSAGRA, Glossalsria.
GLOSSAL'GIA, Ghm'agra, GloltnVgm, Glott'-
agrn, from yAwffaa, ' the tongue,' and aAj/oj, 'pain.'
Pain in the tongue.
GLOSSANIS'CnUM, Gloesanoch'eus, Glossan'-
ochum, from y'Siaaaa, 'tongue,' and avtxciv, 'to
hold up.' An instrument for holding up tho
tongue.
GLOSSANOCIIEUS, Glo.<!.snnischum.
GLOSSANOCHUM, (Jlossanischum.
GLOSS'ANTllRAX, /'estls glonx'unllmir, (F.)
Boussole, from yXiiiaaa, ' the tongue,' and ai/Spud
'a carbuncle.' Carbuncle of the Tongue. A Ui^-
ease more common in cattle than in man.
GLOSSEFIGLOT'TIC, Gloxxepiglot'tlms. Re-
lating to the tongue and epiglottis, as Ligonn.n'-
tnm gl<insep>f/lott' lcu)n.
GLOSSIANUS, Lingual muscle.
GLOSSI'TIS, from yXuiaca, 'the tongue,' nnd
itis, a suffix denoting inflammation. GIohkhu'i'iih
injlannnato'riuK, Angi'nn tinguo'ria sen lingna'-
lia, Injlduinia'tio Lingna, lujliininiiition <•/' Ihc
tongue, (F.) Intlnmiuullon de la Longite. VVlu'ii
confined to the mucous membrane, it is of slight
importance. That which aflects the whole of tlie
tongue is a serious disease, and requires the vigo-
rous use of antiphlogistics. It is rare.
GLOSSO, from yXwaaa, ' the tongue.' In com-
position, relating or ajjpertaining to the tongue.
GLOSSOC'ACE, from glonso, and kuko;, 'evil.'
Ulceration of the tongue, A^ith symptoms of luly-
namic fever.
GLOSSOCARCINO'MA, Glossoscir'rhuK, Cur.
cino'nia LhigucB, from glonso, and KajiKiviaiia,
' cancer.' Cancer of the tongue.
GLOSSOCAT'OCHUS, Glonsocat'oche, Cotu-
(jIos'huui, from yXuxrera, ' the tongue,' and itaT£;^'ai.
'I arrest.' Lingum Deten'tor, (F.) Abiiissinir lie
la Uiugue. An instrument, the invention of which
is attributed to Paulus ol MgmtA, and which wiis
employed to depress the tongue, in order to exa-
mine diseases of the fauces. It was coiiifioM'd
of twobranches ; one of which had, at its extre-
mity, a plate for depressing the tongue ; whilst
the other, shaped like a horse-shoe, w;is applied
under the chin. The finger, or the handle of a
spoon, or a spatula, is generally used in siuiihir
cases. See Catagoglossum.
GLOSSOCE'LE. from glos^o, and Kv'>^r,, 'hoy-
nia,' ' tumour.' Hernia of the Tongue, I'nni-
glox'se, Prohip'xus lingnm, Glonsomegiu'lUH, Glos-
sopto'nis. Projection of the tongue from the
mouth. It depends, generally, on an infliiinma-
tory swelling of the organ. At times, however,
a chronic glosnocele, or sort of anicmiitous en-
gorgement, is met with ; which proceeds to a
great length, and deforms the dental arches, the
lips, &c. Inflammatory glossocele must be com-
bated by antiphlogistics. In the oedematoiis
kind, such as is sometimes caused by excessive
salivation, the infiltrated fluid may be pressed
back by the hand of tho practitioner, to get the
tongue behind the teeth; and it may be kept
there by a piece of gauze tied over the mouth.
The chronic, elongated kind sometimes requires
amputation of a portion of the organ.
GLOSSOCOMA, Glossospasmus.
GLOSSOC'OMON, GloxHoc'omum, Glosmcnmi'-
on, from glosso, and (cofitw, 'to guiird.' The an-
cients gave this name to a small case for holding
the tongues of their wind-instruments. By ex-
tension, it was applied to the box or cr.ndle in
which fractured limbs were kept. We find, in
the ancient writers, a Glomtocomon of Hippocrates,
of Nymphodorus, Galen, &c.
GLOSSODESMUS. Fraenum linguae.
GLOSSO-EPIGLOT'TIC. Gloxso-epigloti'icuH.
That which belongs to the tongue and epiglottis.
Some anatomists have so denominate*! certnin
fleshy fibres, which pass from the base of the
tongue towards the epiglottis. These muscles
are more evident in some of the mammalia than
in man ; and their use seems to be, — to raise the
GLOSSOGIIAPIIY
427
GLUT.EUS MAGNUS
epiglottis, iiti'l to remove it farther from tlie glot- i
Ms. S.'intoririi, who descrihed them after Eusta-
chiiis, calls them llctrucio' res E/>i;/l</t'tiflin.
Glosso-Eimolot'tic Ligamk.nt, Frannm seu
Fr(B'iiiilitin epi'(jlot'ti(.li'ii, LUjnnieu'tiim memhrnnti'-
CKiim, Vdamen'dim liiirjuce. Three folds of mucous
memhraiic, which connect the anterior surface of
the epij^lottis with the root of the ton^^ue.
GLOSSOG'RAPIIY, (jl</iio(jra'phia, from glo«-
»o, an<l YP'^'Pit ' '^ description.' An anatomical
description of the tongue.
(JLOSSO-HYAL. A name given, by GenfFroy
Saint-Ililaire, to the posterior cornua of the os
hyoides.
GLOS.SOL'OGY, GlosHolorj" in, {rom rjlonsn, and
Xoyoj, ' a treatise,' ' a discourse.' A treatise on
the tongue. Nomenclature.
GIjOS.SOL'YSIS, GluHHople'(j!n, PardVijsia lin-
gua, P. Nervi hi/pngloiei, from <jtosso, and Autris,
♦solution.' Paralysis of the tongue.
GLOSSOMANTI'A, Pnxjuo'xi'i ex l!ii>/ud, from
ghiHHo, and navTun, ' divination.' Prognosis from
the state of the tongue.
GLOSSOMECJISTUS, Glossoeele, Paraglossa.
GLOSSON'CUS, from tjloHHo, an<l oyKoi, 'tu-
mour.' Exonco'aia limjucB. Swelling of the
tungue.
Gi.ossoNCUs IvFr.AirArATonins, Glossitis.
GLOSSO-PALATIXUS, Glosso-staphylinus—
g. Pharyngeal, Glosso-phiiryngeus, Pharyngo-
glossal — g. p. Nerve, Pliai-^'ngo-glossal nerve.
GLOSSO- PIIARYNtJE'US, Gh>HHo-j>harrin-
ge'nl, from ij!os>i<>, and c/inpryf, 'the pharynx.' Be-
longing to the tongue and pharynx. Some anato-
mists thus designate certain fleshy bundles, which
arise from the lateral parts of the base of the
tongue, and are inserted into the parietes of the
pharynx. They form part of the constrictor pha-
ryngis superior.
GLOSSOPLEGIA, Glossolvsis.
GLOSSOPTOSrS, Glossoeele.
GLO.SSOSCrRRII US, Glossocarcinoraa.
GLOSSOSCOP'IA, from gloxsn, and aKoirtoj, 'I
view.' Inspectiou of the tongue as an index of
disease.
GliOSSOSPAS'MUS, Glossoco'mn, Sp'umiis
llii'yiKB, from i/loaso, and azaniius, ' spasm.' Cramp
or spasm of the tongue.
GLOSSOSPA'TIIA, Spnt'ula pro ore, from
glomn, and a:radn, 'spatula.' A spatula for press-
ing down the tongue to enable the fauces to be
examined.
GLOSSO-STAPIIYLI'NUS, from glonso, and
ara'tiuXrj, ' the uvula.' Gloiiopnlati'iina, Ptila'lo-
gloHsm, Constric'tnr lulhiiii Fau'cium. A small,
thin, narrow, and long muscle, which arises from
the base of the tongue, and is inserted at the in-
ferior and lateral part of the velum palati, in the
anterior pillar of which it is situate. Its use is
to contract the isthmus fauciuin, by depressing
the velum palati, and raising the base of the
tongue.
GLOSSOSTERE'SrS, Lingita extirpa'tio, from
glosKo. iintl arifnaiu 'privation.' Extirpation of
the tongue.
GLOSSOSTROPH'TA, from glonao. and (!Tpc<piD,
'I turn.' Doubling of the point of the tongue
upwards and backwards, — said to have been a
mode of suicide. [?]
GLOSSOT'OMY, Glonaotom'ln, from glosao, and
TtjumK, 'to cut.' Dissection of the tongue. Am-
putation of the tongue.
GLOSSYPERTROPiriA, from glnnsn, and
'vnip, 'over,' and T,n>liuv, 'to nourish.' Hyper-
trophv or supcrnutrition of the tongue.
GLOTTA. Glossa, Tongue.
(JLOTT VGR X, Glossalgia.
GLOTTALGIA, Glossalgia.
GLOTTIS, yXoDTnf, (' the mouth-piece of a
flute,') Lig'iila. A small oblong aperture, in the la-
rynx, comprised between the c/iurc/m vocalea. It is
narrow, anteriorly ; wider, posteriorly; and is ca-
pable of being modified by muscular contraction,
as may be required by the voice. It is by the
chordae vocales, that voice is produced. The
glottis is nearly an inch long in the adult male :
less in the female and child.
Glottis is, by some, used sj'nonymously with
ventricle of the larynx: with other.s, it includes
the whole of the larynx.
Glotti.s, Lii's OF THK, Thyreo-ary tenoid liga-
ments— g. Spasm of the, Asthma thymicum.
GLOUGLOU D'UNE BOUTEILLE, Gurg-
ling.
GLO UTERON, Arctium Lappa— jr. Pe<?<,Xan-
thium.
GLOUTIUS, Gluteal— g. Maximus et extimus,
Glutaeus maximus — -g. Secuudus et uiedius, Giii-
tajus medius — g. Teriius et inlimus, Glutasus mi-
nimus.
G LOU TON, Glutton.
GLOWWORM, Cicindela.
GLUANT, Glutinous.
GLUCOGENIA, Glycogeny.
GLUCOGENESIS, Glycogeny.
GLUCOSE, Gli/coae, from y>.vKvs, 'sweet.'
Grape, Fruit, Sturch, and Hmicy siiyar. A
variety of sugar, that occurs naturally in many
vegetable juices, and in honey. Compared with
cane sugar, it is much less soluble in water, and
less disposed to crystallize; and, when injected
into the blood-vessels, docs not pass off to the
like extent by the kidneys. Diabetic, U'riuarij,
and Hepatic sugar appear to have the same che-
mical composition.
GLUCOSURIA, Diabetes mellitus.
GLUE BONE, OsteocoUa.
GLUE FISH, Ichthyocolla.
GLUMPOT, Gallii.ot.
GLUT.TiUS MAGNUS, G. m.njor- g. Major,
G. maximus.
Glut.«'us Max'imiis, G. major seu mngnni,
Maximus ct ex'timns gloii'tiiin. (F.) Muscle gnnni
fessicr, lUo-saero-fe moral ; Sacro-femoral, (Ch.),
from yXouTOi, 'the buttock,' 'the breech.' Thi.s
muscle is situate at the posterior part of the
pelvis, and at the upper and posterior part of the
thigh. It is large, thick, and quadrilateral; and
is attached, above, to the posterior part of the
crista ilii, to the part of the ilium comprised be-
tween the crista and the upper curved line, to the
posterior surface of the sacrum, coccyx, and great
sacro-sciatic ligament: and below, it terminati'S
by a broad aponeurosis, which is inserted into
the rugged surface that descends from the tro-
chanter major to the linea aspera of the femur.
This muscle extends the thigh on the pelvis, and
rotates the thigh outwards. It is greatly con-
cerned in station and progression.
GluT/E'us Me'dius, Glou'tius Secnu'diis et Me-
dina, (F.) Ilio-trochanterien : Grand Ilio-irochoii-
terien, (Ch.,) Moyen Fessier. This muscle is si-
tuate in part beneath the preceding; it is broad,
very thick, radiated, and triangular; attached,
above, to the crista ilii, and to the part of the
outer surface of that bone comprised between the
three anterior fourths of its crista, its upper
curved line, and its lower; and below, it ends liy
a tendon, inserted at the upper edge of the great
trochanter. It is an abductor of the thigh; but
can turn the thigh outwards or inwards, accord-
ing as its posterior or inferior fibres are thrown
separately into contraction.
GuTT.E't'S Min'imits, G. minor, Ter'tins et
Tn'timna Glou'tius, (F.) Petit Fessier ; — Ilio-
ischii-trochantirien, Petit Ilio-trochauterien (Ch.)
GLUTEAL
428
GNATIIITIS
This muscle, which is situate beneath the preced-
ing, is flat, triangular, and with radiated fibres.
It is attached, uhove, to the external surface of
the OS ilii, from the inferior curved line to the
acetabulum ; and, bc/nw, is inserted into the an-
terior part of the great trochanter. It has the
same uses as the preceding.
GmitjEI's MixoK, G. minimus.
GLU'TEAL, O'luii'tiiis, O'lnfa-'io. Same ety-
mon. (F.) Fexsier. That which belongs or re-
lates to the nates. This name has been given to
many parts which compose the nates.
Gluteal ApoxEuiio'sis. The upper and back
jiart of the femoral fascia. In it is a remarkable
oiiening, called the <jliitecil arch, for the passage
of the gluteal vessels and nerves.
Gluteal Arch, see Gluteal aponeurosis.
Gluteal Auterv, Ponte'rior Il'iac Artery,
(F.) Artere fesKi'ere, is one of the largest Iiranehes,
ot" the hypogastric. It makes its e.xit from the
pelvis at the upper part of the superior sciatic
foramen ; gains the posterior part of the pelvis,
and divides into two branches; — the one snper-
Jicial, the other deep-seated. The last subdivides
into three secondary branches, whose ramifica-
tions are distributed particularly to the GliitcBi',
Liit\(jiss!muK Dorsi, Sacro-lnmbali's, &c., and anas-
tomose with the sciatic and internal circumflex
arteries.
Gluteal Nerve, (F.) ■N'erf Fensier, is a large
branch, furnished by the 6th pair of lumbar
nerves. It is chiefly distributed to the glutei
muscles.
Gluteal Vein, (F.) Veine fesniere, follows the
same march as the artery of the same name.
GLUTEN, Gln'tinnm, Lentor, 'glue, paste.'
Vei/'etnbtc Gluten, Ve(j"et(tMe Ga'sein. An im-
mediate principle of vegetables. It is soft, of a
grayish white, viscid consistence, and very elastic.
E.vposed to the air, it becomes hard, brown, and
fragile; and, in moist air, putrefies. Water and
alcohol do not dissolve it. It is soluble in vege-
table, and in weak mineral, acids, at a high tem-
perature. Tlie farinue, in which it is found, are
those preferred for the preparation of bread; on
account of the property it has of making the
paste rise. It is a compound of protein, and
hence has been ranged amongst the " proteinn-
eeduH tilimentary prindplei" by Dr. Pereira. By
washing wheaten dough with a stream of water,
the gum, sugar, starch and vegetable albumen
are reuioved: the ductile, tenacious, elastic, gray
mass left is the gluten, connnon ijlnten, Beccaria'a
(jJnfen. Pure glitlen is the soluble portion on
boiling common gluten in alcohol. Granvlnfed
(jliilen, Gluten grannie, is a paste made by adding
wheat gluten to ordinary wheat. It is said to
form an agreeable and nutritious aliment.
Gluten Auticulohum, Synovia — g. Beccaria's,
see Gluten — g. Bread, see Bread, gluten — g.
Common, see Gluten — g. Granulated, see Gluten
— g. Granule, see Gluten — g. Pure, see Gluten.
GLUTI, Nates.
GLUTIA, Nates, Quadrigemina corpora.
GLIITIN, see Gelatin.
GLUTINANS, Agglutinant.
GLVTINATIF, Agglutinant.
GLUTINATIO, Agglutination.
GLUriNEUX, Glutinous.
GLU'TINOUS, Glutino'ous, Cnllo'des, from
fflnten, 'paste, glue.' (F.) Glutineux, GInnnt.
An epithet given to substances taken from the
animal or vegetable kingdom, and endowed with
unusual viscidity. The decoctions of marsh-
mallows, and figs, and the jelly of hartshorn, are
eaid to be glutinous.
GLUTINUM, Gluten.
GLUTI'TIS, from ylovToi, 'the nates,' and
it'll, denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the
nates.
GLUTOT, Nates.
GLUTOPYO'SIS, from yXouToi, 'the nates,' and
TTvuoBLi, ' supjjuralion.' 8u|i|)uralion of the nates.
GLUTTON, same etymon as the next. Gas-
trimdr'ijns, Gnathan, Ilel'lno, Jfundu, Gnli>'nHl,
Lnrco, Bellygod, (F.) Glotitun, Gourniiind, Goulou,
An excessive eater.
GLUT'TONY, from (jlniio, 'I swallow,' (//h^/k*,
'the gullet.' Linio'uis Hellno'ntini, Giislrin'mut,
(F.) Gourmandise. Excessive appetite, owing
often to habitual indulgence.
GLUTTU PATENS, Stomach.
GLUTTUS, (Esophagus.
GLUTUS, Trochanter major.
GLYCANSIS, Edulcoration.
GLYCAS'MA, from y'KvKvi. 'sweet.' A sweet
wine, prepared from must. — Linden.
GLYCERATON, Glycyrrhiza.
GLYCERIN, see Fat — g. Butyrate of, seo
Butter.
GLYCTPTCROS, Solanum dulcamara.
GLYCISIDE, Ptconia.
GLYCOG"ENY, Glycogen'ia, Gh/cat/en'eeii,
GlncDfjen' in, Glncogen'exin, (F.) G/ycnfj^nie, from
y^vKVi, 'sweet,' and yeveats, 'generation.' Gene-
ration or formatioii of sugar, — as in the liver.
(JLYCOSE. Glucose.
GLYCYPHYTON, Glycyrrhiza.
GLYCYRRHI'ZA, from yXvKvs, 'sweet,' and
pi^a, 'a root.' G. Glabra seu LcFvia, Li(jiiorit"ia
Snyth'ica, Glycera'ton, GlycypJi'yton, Adip'sos,
Alvacna, Al'imos, Liq'norice, Lic'orice, (F.) Rf-
!/linne, Bais doux. Ord. Leguminosao. Sex. Syiit.
DiadelphiaDecandria. The root of this southern
European y)lant is inodorous ; has a sweet taste;
is mucilaginous ; and leaves, when unpeelcd, a
degree of bitterness in the mouth. It is used as
a demulcent, and chiefly in catarrh. The extract,
made from it and sold in the shops, is known
under the name Spaninh Liquorice or Liquorice
Juice, (F.) JiiH de Jieylisse.
Pectoral Balsam of Liquorice — a quack prepa-
ration— is said by Dr. Paris to consist chiefly of
Paregoric Elixir, strongly impregnated with Oil
of Aniseed.
GLYCYRRHCE'A, from y\vKvi, 'sweet,' and
pita, ' I flow.' A discharge of saccharine fluid
from the system.
Glycvhrikea Urinosa, Diabetes mellitus.
CLYSTER HERBS, Herbcs pro Enem'nte.
The herbs ordinarily sold by the English apothe-
cary under this title, are: — mallow leaves, one
part; chamomile flowers, one part, (^iss to Oj
of water).
GNAiMPSIS, Curvature.
GNAPHALIUM DIOICUM, Antennaria dioi-
ca — g. Plantaginifolium seu Plantagineum, Anten-
naria plantaginifolia.
Gnaphalium Margarita'ceum, Anfenna'ria
3fargarita'cea, Cudweed, Pearly Life ererlastin;!,
from yvaiiioKov, 'a lock of wool,' owing to the
floocose down of the leaves. An indigenous plant,
growing in woods and fields, and flowering in Au-
gust. Its virtues are not defined, and the same
may be said of
Gnaphalium PoLYCKPa'ALUM ; Sweet-scented
Life everlasting, Catfoot. They appear tO he
mild astringents.
GNATHALGIA, Neuralgia maxillaris.
GNATHANCYLO'SIS, from yvado^, 'the jaw,'
and ayKi)>u)(7(s, 'stifi"ness of joint.' Ancylosis of
the lower jaw.
GNATIIANTROPOL'YPUS, from gnaihan-
trum, 'the antrum of Highmore,' and polypus.
Polypus of the antrum of Highmore.
GNATIII'TIS, Inflamma'tio gence, from yvadot,
GNATIIMUS
.29
GOLD
'the check, the jaw.' Inflammation of the cheek
or upper jaw.
ONATHMUS, Gnathus.
Gi\ATIIOCEPII'ALUS, from yvaOoi, 'the jaw,'
and KuftaXn, ' head.' A monster which has no head
visible externally, but exhibits voluminous jaws.
— G. St. Ililaire.
GNATHOCYNANCIIE, Cynanche parotidaea.
GNATKON, Glutton.
GNATIIONEUKALGIA, Neuralgia maxil-
Inris.
GNATH'OPLASTY, Gnafhopfaa'flce, from
yvadoi, 'cheek,' and nXaaTiKOf, 'formative.' The
foriniition of an artificial cheek.
GNATIIOPLE'GIA, Gi,<,thopara!'ij>iii>, from
■yvaOns, and rXtjYl, ' a stroke.' Paralysis of the
cheek. Gnathojxiralijuis is employed by Fuchs
to signify paralysis of the lesser portion of the
trifacial nerve, which supplies the muscles of
mastication.
GNATIIORRIIAG'TA, from yvndos, and 'priy-
vvfit, ' to burst forth.' Hemorrhage from the in-
terniil surface of the cheeks.
GKATIIOSPASMUS, Trismus.
(}NATIIUS, GiKillimus, from Kvaiii, 'I scrape,
rub.' The cheek, the Jciw. Also, the part of the
jaws in which the teeth are fixed. — Hippocrates,
FoeVius. See Bucca, Gena, and Maxillary Bone.
GNESIOS, Legitimate.
GNOME, Intellect.
GNOSIS, yvuiais, 'knowledge.' A common
suffix, as in Diar/;io'«)'«, Pro^riio'si's, &c.
GOACONAX, see Toluifera balsanium.
OOADBY'S SOLUTION, see Solution,
Goadby's.
GOATS' BEARD, COMMON, Tragopogon.
GOATS' MILK, see Milk, goats' — g. Milk,
artificial, see Milk, goats' — g. Thorn, Astragalus
verus.
GOB, Mouth. , ^
GOBELET E^fETrQUE, Goblet, emetic.
GOBLET, EMET'IC, Poc'uhim emel'inm, Ca-
Ixx vomitii'rld, (F.) Gobelitt emeti<ine. A vessel,
made by j)ouring melted antimony into a mould.
By putting wine into this and allowing it to stand
some time, it acquires the property of producing
vomiting. This kind of emetic has been long
rejected, as the practitioner could never be certain
of the dose he exhil)ited.
GODESBERG, MINERAL WATERS OF.
These waters, at Godesberg, a German mile from
Bonn, are an efficacious, acidulous cliiilybeate,
formerly known by the name, Draituch Water.
They contain chloride of sodium, ciirbonate of
soda, carbonate of lime, carbonate of magnesia,
and carbonate of iron.
GODFREY'S COR'DTAL. A celebrated nos-
trum, for which Dr. Paris has given the following
formula. Infuse ^ix of sassaf ran ntid of the seeds
of carrnwn/, coriaixler, and atn'ae, each ^'], in
six pints of irnter. Simmer the mixture until re-
duced to Ibiv: then add tbvj of trench, and boil
the whole for a few minutes. When cold, add
^^iij of tiiirtiire of npi'iim. The following form is
recommended by a committee of t!ie Philadelphia
college of Pharmacy. Tiiict. Opii, Oiss ; Syrupi
Xifiri, Oxvj ; Aleiihulin, Oij ; A(jiia>. Oxxvj ; Car-
hnnatia I'ofansa:, ^ijss : Olei S)iss«frns, f^iv, M.
It is anodvne. ^
GODRONNE, (CavAT,,) C»',a'Jh PeHtin'nns
Bew Peti'tl, Conroiine cillrilre, Cannl de Pktit ou
goiidroiiiif, Cajial or liiil'ltilar Cannl of Petit.
Petit gave this name (from F,) godron, 'a plait
or fold,') to the semicircular canal, formed
by the tunica hynloidea around the eilge of the
crystalline : because it appears, as it were, plaited
or fcsloone<l.
GOGGLE-EYED, (Prov.) Grozet.e,/ed. Hav-
ing prominent, staring and rolling eyes.
GOITRE, Bronchocele — g. Leaf, £e« Lami-
naria.
GOITRE STICKS. In South America the
steins of a seaweed are so called, because they
are chewed by the inhabitants where goitre pre-
vails.— Royle.
GOIT'ROUS, (F.) Goitreux. Relating or ap-
pertaining to goitre. One affected by goitre or
Bronchocele, — Goitred.
GOLD, An'nim, Cliri/son, Sol, Rex metnUo'rum,
(F.) Or. (Sax.) 5o1b. a solid, yellow, very
brilliant, hard, very ductile, malleable, tenacious,
and heavy metal; found in nature, either in its
native state, or combined with a little silver, cop-
per, or iron.
19-25.
Muriate or Chloride of Gold, Aiiri Chlo'ridinn
seu Tervhto' ridnm seu Jtfii'rias seu Clilorvre'tnu),
Aurum Muriat'icum seu Chlorn'tvm seu Oxydnln'-
tnm tnuriat'icKm seu Snli'tiim, (F.) Chloriire oil
Mnrinte ou Ih/dro-ehlorate d'or has been ad-
mitted into the Pharmacopoeia of the United
States, and into that of Paris, <tc. The formula?,
however, differ. That of the United States is ji
muriate with two bases ; and is prepared, accord-
ing to the form of Dr. Chrestien, by dissolving
the gold in a mixture of nitric and muriatic acids,
and adding chloride of soilium to the residuum
after evaporation ; then redissolving and evapo-
rating slowly to dryness. The Parisian formula
for the Muriate d'or, Muriaa seu Clilonire'tiua
Anrt, consists in simply dissolving the gold in
the acids, and evaporating to dryness. It has
been recommended as an antisyphilitic in old, re-
bellious, venereal affections, exostoses, and in ve-
nereal, scrofulous or cancerous glandular enlarge-
ments. Dose, gr. l-8th to gr. ss, rubbed on the
tongue or gums. Internally, one-sixteenth of a
grain, in pills.
Various other preparations, as the Cy'anide or
Tercji'anide, [Anri Ci/ini'idnm seu Cyaiiiire'tuin
seu Tercyan'idnm, (F.) Cyatiitre d'or;) the metal-
lic gold in a state of division {Aiirum metal'iictim,
Piilvis Anri, (F.) Or divini ou vietallique,) ob-
tained by amalgamating gold with mercury and
driving the latter off by heat: and in the form of
filings {Aurum limn'tiim) ; the Chloride of Gold
and Sodium, (Aurum murint'icum natrona'tum
seu murint'icum seu chlnra'tum ■tiatro'untum,
Clilorc'tnm An'ricnm Chlore'to na'trii, Mu'rinn
Au'rico-na'tricnm, Chlorure'tnm auri et nalrii,
So'dii anro-terchlo' ridum. Hydrorhlornte or muri-
ate of Gold and Soda, (F.) Chlorure d'or et de
Sodium, Ilydrochlorate ou vniriate d'or et de
Sonde) ; the Nitromnrinte of Gohl, (A\(rum Nitri-
co-mnrint' ivum, Auri nitromu'rian, (F.) Nitromn-
riale d'or ;) the Oxide of Gold, [Auri Ox'idum,
Aurum Oxida'tum, Auri terox'idum, Perox' ide of
gold, Auric acid, (F.) Oxide d'or); and the '/'i-
dide of Gold, {Auri lo'didum seu lodure'tum, (F.)
lodnre d'or,) have been employed in the like
affections, and with similar results.
Gold-Bkater's Skin. The intestina recta of
the ox, which have been beaten quite smooth, for
the manufacture of gold leaf. Used as a defen-
sive dressing for slight cuts, &c.
Goi.n, CuLouinK of. see Gold — g. Cyanide of,
see (toIiI — g. Ilydrochlorate of, see Gold — g. Io-
dide of, see Gold — g. Muriate of, see Gold — g.
Nitro-murinte of, see Gold — g. Oxide of, see Gold
— g. Peroxide of, see Gold — g. Tercyanide of. see
Gold — g. and Sodium. Chloride of oxide of, see
Gold — g. and Soda, Ilydrochlorate of, see Gold —
g. and Soda, muriate of, see Gold.
GoLT) Leaf, Gold Foil, Anrum folia' turn, Aurum
in lihel'lia. Used to gild pills and to plug cari-
ous teeth. The gold leaf or foil, used by the
dentist for filling teeth, is much thicker than
ordinary gold leaf
Gold Thread, Coptis.
GOLDEN BUG
430
GONORRHCEA
GOLDEN BUG, Coccinella septcinpunctata —
jT. Knop, Coccinella septeiupunctata — g. Rod,
Solidago virgaurea — g. Rod, fragrant, Solidago
odora — g. Rod, rigid, Solidago rigida — g. Rod,
sweetscented, Solidago odora — g. Seal, see Ca-
lumba, Hydrastis Canadensis.
GOLDENS, Chrysantheiiunn leucanthemum.
GOLDIXG. Calendula officinalis.
GOLDSHRUB, Palicourea speciosa.
OOLDWASSER, see Spirit.
GOLFE, Sinus — r/. de la Veine jiigulaire, see
Jugular veins.
GOLUNCHA, Menispermum cordifolium.
GOMBO, Hibiscus esculentus.
GO.U.UE, Gumma, Gummi — </. Arhctgant, Tra-
gacanth — g. Ammoniitqtie, Ammoniac gum — g.
Arabique, Acaeise guinmi — g. Astrliigente dc
Gambie, see Butea frondosa — g. Cnrogne, Ca-
ranna — g. Oarane, Caranna — g. Elaatique, Ca-
outchouc— g. de Ga'inc, Guaiacuni — g. de Geni-
vn'ei; Sandarac — g. Gettania, Gutta Percba — g.
Gtifte, Cumhogisi — g.deKiuo, Kino — g.Lnqne, Lao-
cn- -g.de Lierre, see Hedera heli.\ — g. du Pays,
Gummi nostras — g. Serapkiqne, Sagapenum.
GOMPHI'ASIS, GoniphiaH'mm, from yoiKpog,
'a nail.' A disease of the teeth, and particularly
of the molares ; looseness of the teeth in their
sockets. Agomphia'sis. Pain in the teeth.
Odontalgia.
GOMPIIIASMUS, Gomphiasis.
GOMPHIOL Molar teeth.
GOMPIIOCAR'PUS CRLSPUS. A South
African plant, the root of which, formerly known
to the Dutch apothecaries as Radix Asclepi'adis
crtKpcB, is extremely bitter and acrid ; and, on
account of its diuretic virtues, a decoction or in-
fusion of it has been advised in various kinds of
dropsy. A tincture of it is said to be valuable
in colic.
GOMPIIOMA, Gomphosis.
GOM-PHO'SIS, Card! uiimPH'tiim.Clava't!o,Gom-
pho'nia, Coogineitt(('tlo, Iiiclavn'tio, Incnnea'tio,
fromyo/i^of, 'a nail.' Engotiiplio'sis. An immova-
ble articulation, in which one bone is received into
another, like a nail or peg into its hole. Gom-
phosis is only met with in the articulations of the
teeth with the alveoli. It is, also, called Articu-
lation par iiiplantatioii.
GOMPHUS, Clavus.
GOMUTO PALM, see Toddy.
GOMUTOS GOMUTO, see Toddy.
GOXACRASIA, Spermatorrhoea.
GOXACRATIA, Spermatorrhoea.
GOX'AGRA, Gon'yagra, from y»vv, 'the knee,'
and aypa, 'a prey.' "That which attacks the
knees." Gout or rheumatism in the knees.
Gougorrheu'iita. Paracelsus calls it Geii'tigra.
GONAL'GIA, from yow, 'the knee,' and aXyoi,
'pain.' Pain in the knee. Gom/al'gia. This is
almost always produced by gout. It may, how-
ever, depend on some other disease, either of the
knee or of another part — particularly of the hip-
joint.
GONARTIIRI'TIS, from yow, 'the knee,'
aiidpoi/, 'joint,' and ifis, denoting inflammation.
Inflmnmation of the knee-joint.
GONARTHROCACE, Gonocace.
GONAURA, see Sperm.
GONDOLE OCULAIRE, Scaphium oculare.
GONDRET'S AMMONIACAL CAUSTIC,
PoDimade de Goudret — g. Counter-irritant, Pom-
mad} de Gondret.
GONE, Gonm, Genitn'ra. The semen; (hence,
gonorrhoea) — the uterus, offspring. — Hippocrates.
See Epi_fone, and Generation.
GONECYSTIDE.S. Vesicul.e serainales.
GONECYSTI'TIS, Tn/lamma'tio vesirnla'nim
semina'liiiin, from yovrj, 'sperm,' Kvarti, 'bladder,'
and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation
of the vesiculjc scminalos.
GONEPtEUS. Sperinatopccus.
GONEPOETICUS, Spermatopoeus.
GONFLE.UBXT, Swelling.
GONGRONA, Bronchocele.
GONGROPIITniSIS, Phihisis pulmonulis.
GONGYLIDIUM, Pilula.
GONGYLION, Pilula.
GON(JYLrS, Pilula.
GONIOCATH'ETER, from ywvia, 'an angle,'
and KadiTnp, 'a catheter.' An angular or cruokcd
catheter.
GONIOME'LE, from yijtvia, 'an angle,' and
liriXri, 'a probe.' An angular or crooked probe ur
sound.
GONIOM'ETER. Goniom'etnm, from yuMn,
'an angle.' and ficrpov, 'a measure.' An instru-
ment for measuring angles.
A 'Facial (Joniomktkh' has been invented by
Mr. Turnpenny, of Philadelphia, which is well
adapted for measuring the facial angle.
GONOBOLIA, Ejaculation, spermatic.
GONOCACE, Gonarthroc'ace, from yow, 'the
knee,' and koko;, 'evil.' Tnmnr genu nlbuti.
White swelling of the knee. Ilydrartlirus.
GONOCELE, Spermatocele.
GONOI'DES, from yovn, 'sperm,' and ttio^. 'ap-
pearance.' Genita'rm siiji'iiin. Similar to >^perni.
Sperm'ntnid, SpermntoU'den, Spennrdo'den. A term
appropriated to any substance which resemliles
sperm.
GONOL'OBUS MACROPHYL'LUS. (y«r<a,
'an angle,' and Xojiog, 'a pod'); indigenous. A^'it.
Ord. Aselepiadace». The root is cathartic. It
is said to furnish a juice with which the Indians
poison their arrows. [?]
GONOPOETICUS, Spermatopoeus.
GONORRHEE B A TAR D E, Gonorrhoea.
spuria.
GONORRHO-BLEPIiARRH(EA,Ophthalmia,
gonorrhoeal.
GONORRHO-PROSTATITIS, see Prostatitis.
GONORRHCE'A. Erroneously called fn>m
yovri, 'sperm,' and pcui, 'I flow,' because the older
writers believed it to be a flux of semen. Bleu-
norrliag" ia, Blennorrhce'a, B. urethra'lia, lilen-
nnre'thria, Phallorrhoe'a, Medorrhce'a, M.viri'lin,
Oatar'rhus gonorrhoe'a seu ure'tlirm, Urethri'tix,
Inflamma'tio ure'thres. Urethral' gia, Prnjln'rinm
muco'sum ttre'thrce, Catarrhua urethra'lia, (F.)
Ecoulement, Urethrite, Uritrite. An inflamma-
tory discharge of mucus from the membrane of
the urethra in both se.xes; and from that of the
prepuce in man, and the vagina in woman. It
may be excited spontaneously, or by irritants
applied directly to the membrane; but is usually
produced by impure connexion. Two great va-
rieties have been generally reckoned. — L (Jo.nou-
RHCEA PuRA SKU Benig'na. That whi^ch does
not follow an impure connexion; (P.) Et-hnnffe-
ment, Blennorrhag"ia benigna, Canlorrhe'a
benig'na, Catar'rhns Ure'thrtB, Gonorrhu-'a cri-
tarrha'lis seu non contagio'sa : — and, 2. Gonok-
RHCE A Impu'rA, malig'na, contagio'sa, si/philit'ivd,
et virulen'tn ; Fluor albus malig'nus, Fluxui ve-
ne'reus, Blennorrhce'a luo'den, Boptorrhir'a,
ilijxio'sia, Lues gonorrho'ica, Scroph'ulm gonor-
rhd'iccE, Tuber' cula gonorrho'ica, Clap, (Old E.)
Chuicdpya, (F.) Chaudepisse; that which is the
result of impure commerce. The French, also,
distinguish the Chaudepinne s^che, or that unac-
companied with discharge; and the ChamlipiiH*
chordee, Gonnorrhve'a corda'ta, or that accoin))a-
nied with chordee, and which, of course, occurs
only in the male. It ia the kind that most fre-
quently engages the attention of the practitioner,
and is characterized by mucous discharge from
GONOS
431
GOSSVPIUM
the urethra, or vngina, intermixed with specific
iiiiilter, ami accc)in])anieil with burning pain on
inictiirition. It is decidedly infectious. It is,
liowever, a distinct disease from syphilis, and
never produces it. Its duration is various, but
tlie inllainuiatory symptoms usually subside in
four or five weeks; leaving generally behind
more or less of the gonorrhoea mucosa or gleet,
(lonorrha-a of every kind, attended with any
infliunmalory symptoms, is best treated by the
antiphlogistic regimen ; avoiding every kind of
irrit:ition, and keeping the body cool by small
doses of salts, and the urine <liluted by the mild-
est Quids. After the inflammatory symptoms
have subsided, cubebs, or the balsam of copaiba,
exhibited in the dose of a teaspoonful, throe times
u <lay, will be found effectual : indeed, during the
i-.\istence of the inflammatory symptoms, it often
affords decided relief. Injections are rarely re-
([uireii.
Sometimes, gonorrhoea affects the glans; when
it is called Gouorrluea Sp}('n'(i seu Jin/'aiii, Ba-
lniiohlen»i>rihiB ' a, Jinloniiorrhrje ' a, linhiii! ' tin,
Jiknn(>rrh(i(j"ia spu'ria seu nathn, (P.) Blennor-
rhiKjie dnijlitnd, GiiiionhSe hdtitrde, Fiikkic liJvn-
nnrrlmi/ie. It requires only cleanliness and cool-
ing lotions. This is the simple form of balanitis.
It may, however, be of the impure kind — lid/a-
iiiirrhiiij"iii, (F.) lialnulte contiti/ifiixe.
Some other varieties of gonorrhciea have been
enutnerated, but they are of little moment.
In consequence of repeated attacks of gonor-
rhrea, or of the debility induced by a single at-
tack, it not unfrequently happens, as already re-
marked, that a constant, small discharge oi^curs,
or remains behind, after all danger of infection
is removed. The great difference between it and
gonorrhoea is, that it is uninfectious. The dis-
charge consists of globular particles, contained
in a slimy mucus, and is generally devoid of that
yellow colour which characterizes the discharge
of gonorrhoea virulenta. It is unattended with
pain, scalding, Ac. To this state the names
Gleet, Gi)i)nrrliir'n miico'mi, B/iiniorr!i(i''a chfini'-
icn, Blennorrhfe'ii, &c., have been given. It is
commonly a disease of some duration, and de-
mands the use of the copaiba, astringent injection ;
and, if obstinate, the introduction of the bougie.
GoxouitiKKA Bai.ani, (x. spuria — g. Benigna,
Leucorrhoea — g. Catarrhalis, see Gonorrhtaii — g.
Chonlata, Chordee — g. Contagiosa, see Clonor-
rhcea.
GoNORnnffiv DonstiKN'TiiTir, G. Oneimi/'onns.
The seminal discharge which occurs during sleep,
and is occasioned by libidinous dreams. See Pol-
lution.
GoNORRHQjA Impura, scc Gonorrhoea.
GoxonniirEA Laxo'rum, G. /ibidiiKi'ia, Sper-
wntonhw'n atini'lcn, consists of a pellucid dis-
charge from the urethra, whilst awake, without
erection of the penis, but with venereal thoughts.
GoxoituucEA LAXonusr, Pollution, (J. libidinosa
— g. Maligna, see Gonorrhoea— g. Mucosa (gleet),
see Gonorrhoea — g. Noneontagiosa, G. pura — g.
Notha inveterata, Leucorrhoea — g. Oneirogonos,
(>. dormientium. Pollution — g. Spuria, see Go-
nnrrhiioa — g. Syphilitica, see Gonorrhoea — g.
A'cra. Pollution, Spcrmatorrlioea — g. Virulenta,
fee (xonorrhwa.
GON'OS. G.me.
GONOSTROM.V, Proligerous disc.
GONOZEMIA. Spermatorrhoea.
GONfV, yovv. Genu, 'the knee;' hence:
GONYAfJRA, Gonasra.
GOXYALGIA, Gonalgia.
GOXYAN'CON, Ganycamp'tin, from yovv, 'the
knee,' and nyKuv, 'a curvature.' A curvature or
bending of the knee. A bent knee.
GONYCAMPSIS, Gonyancon.
GONYC'ROTUS, from y..-, 'the knee,' and
KfoTcto, 'I Strike.' One who is knock-kneed, or
in-kneed. See Entogonyancon.
GONYON'CUS, from yovv, 'the knee,' and
oyKOf, 'a tumour.' A swelling of the knee.
(JONYORRIIEI'MA, Gonagra.
GOOD KING HENRY, Chenopodium bonus
Ilenricus.
GOODYE'RA PUBES'CENS, Tiiwi'm reti-
cnld'ta, Siityr'iiim, Nentt'ia, Jiiitl/eniidke h"/,
Rittllcunrtl-e Plaiitfiiii, Netimirt, Netleaf, iierof'iiffi
weed, Odiicer weed. Ord. Orchidacea;. An in-
digenous plant, used empirically in scrofula — the
fresh leaves being applied to the sores. It is
employed by the Indians.
GOOSEI'ERRY', Kibes uva crispa.
GOOSEFOOT, Chenopodium anthelininticuin
— g. Angular-leaved, Chenopodium bonus Ilen-
ricus— g. Mercury, Chenopodium bonus Ilenricus
— g. Stinking, Clieiioi)odium vulvaria.
GOO.SEtJ K ASS, Galium aparine, G. verum.
G00S*:S1[AKE. (Jalium aparine.
GOOSESKIN, llorrida cutis.
GORBELLY, Phvscmia.
GORDIUS MEDINEiXSIS, Dracnnculus.
GORGE, Ingluvies, Pharynx, Throat — g.
GroKHe, IJronclioeele — fj. il<il de, Cynanche.
GORGKliET, G<)ri;et — <j. LItli'otome, Gorget,
lithotomy — </. d Repininst/ir, see (Jorget.
GORGET, from (F.) ;jorf/e, 'the throat.' Ca-
nii'lln canaliiiilfi'tiiK, Diittar vaiiiih'eii/n'tiis, (F.)
Gurijcret. An instrument representing a long
gutter, in the shape of a throat, which is espe-
cially employed in the operations of lithotomy
and fistula in ano.
GoRfiKT, Cutting, see Gorget, and Lithotomy.
GORGKT, Lithot'omv, (F.) Gorrjeiet Lithotiimc,
CiittiiHj Gon/rt, is the one used in the operation
j for the stone, for the purpose of dividing the
prostate and the neck of the bladder, so as to
enable the surgeon to introduce the forceps and
extract the stone. At the end of this gorget is a
crest or beak, which fits the groove of the staff,
and admits of the gorget being ])asspd along it
into the bladder. Besides ciitliii;/, there are also
blunt gorgets, intended to be introduced into the
wound — their conea;vity serving iis a guide for
the forceps into the bladder.
The chief modifications in the gorget have been
made by Andouillef, Bell, Blicke, 15romfield, Cline,
Pesault, Foubert, Hawkins, Larrey, Lefdvre, Mi-
chaelis. Thomas, itc.
Gorget foi: Fistih-a in And consists of a
semi-cylindrical wooden staff, four inches long,
without including the handle, and furnished with
a wide groove. This is introduced into the rec-
tum, to prevent the point of the bistoury from
injuring the intestine, when the internal orifice
of the fistula is deeply situate, and it is desirable
to perform the operation by incision. This in-
strument, invented by Marehettis, has been mo-
dified by Percy, Kunge. <fec.
Desault invented an instrument for conducting
the wire by the anus, in the operation for fistula
by liirature. He called it Gorr/eret a repoMsoir,
GORGO'NEI FOXTES. Fountains described
by Libavius as containing water which possessed
a petrifying property; probably, water holding
in solution supcrcarbonate of lime.
GORGOSSET. Pvrosis.
GOSIER, Pliarvn.x, Throat.
GOSSU.AI. Broncbocele.
GOSSYP'III.M, GiiHsyp'iiini Herha'cenm. Gog.
sip'ioii Xylon, Xyhini, liombax, Cation, (F.) Co.
ton. F<(i>ii/i/, Malvaceae. Sex. Si/nt. Monadel-
phia Polyandria. The seeds of the Cotton Tier,
Goioip'ium nrbor'eiim, have been administered in
coughs, on account of the mucilage they contain,
and a decoction of a pint of the seeds to a quart
GOTCIIBELLY
4C2
GRACILIS
of water ha? been given, in the Southern States,
in intcrniittents. A decoction of tlie root has
been prescribed as an euinienagogue and parturi-
facient. The cotton wool is used in medicine for
making moxas, &c., and is applied in the treat-
ment of recent burns and scalds.
GOTCHBELLY, Physconia.
GOTIUM, Bronchocele.
GOl'DROX, see Pinus sylvcstris.
GUUET, Arum maculatum.
*GOUETRE, Bronchocele.
GOULARD'S LOTION, see Lotion, Goulard's.
Goulard Water, Liquor plumbi subacetatis
dilutus.
GOULU, Glutton.
GOUND OF THE EYE, Channie.
GOURD, Cucurbita — g. Bitter, Cucumis colo-
cynthis — g. Bottle, Cucurbita pepo.
Godiii) Worm, Distoma hepaticum.
GOURMANDISE, Gluttony.
GOURME, Porrigo larvalis. Vulgarly, in
France, any cutaneous eruption.
GOUSSE, Legumen.
GOUT, Arthri'tis, Arth'ragra, ArthraV gia,
MovhuK domiiio'rinv seu articiila'n'a, Mnluin arti-
ciilo'rum, Giitta, Arthro'sia Pod'agra, Podiil'gia,
Pod'agia, Arthrit'icus vcrus, Arthii'lis Podiigru,
Podagva Arthri'tis, Flux'io arthrit'ica, Febrin
arthril'ica seu Podag'rica, Arthmdyn'ia, podag'-
rica, Cauma jxidng'ricnm, Flerecin, Gantro-
arthri'tis, Minnpta'chos, (Sc.) Gnt, (F.) Goutte,
Agrie. — Piorry. The gout was formerly regarded
as a catarrh, and received its name from (F.)
yovtte, (L.) gntta, 'a drop;' because it was be-
lieved to be produced by a liquid, which distilled,
goutte a gniitte, 'drop by drop,' on the diseased
part. This name, which seems to have been first
used about the year 1270, has been admitted into
the different languages of Europe. Gout is an
inflammation of the fibrous and ligamentous parts
of the joints. It almost always attacks, first, the
great toe; whence it passes to the other smaller
joints, after having produced, or been attended
■with, various sympathetic phenomena, particula,rly
in the digestive organs: after this, it may attack
the greater articulations. It is an affection which
is extremely fugitive, and variable in its recur-
rence. It may be acquired or hereditary. In
the former case, it rarely appears before the age
of thirty-five; in the latter, it is frequently ob-
served earlier. It is often difficult to distinguish
it from rheumatism. A combination is, indeed,
supposed to exist sometimes; hence called Rheu-
matic gout. During the paroxysm or fit, a burn-
ing, lancinating pain is experienced in the affected
joint, attended with tumefaction, tension, and
redness. One or more joints may be attacked,
either at the same time or in succession; and, in
either case, the attack terminates by resolution
in a few days. This is the Arthri'tis ncit'ta seu
inflnmuintn'rin seu regnla' ris, Regular g<»it, Arth-
ro'sia pod'agra regnla'ris, Arth'ragra legit'ima
seu vera seu genni'na seu noniia'lis, (F.) Goutte
regidiere chaude. At other times, pains in the
joints exist, of more or less acute character ; the
swelling being without redness. These pains
persist, augment, and diminish irregularly, with-
out exhibiting intermission, and, consequently,
without having distinct paroxysms. The disease
is then called aton'ic, nsthe)i'ic, imperfect or ir-
regular gout, Chronic G., Arthri'tis aton'ica seu
asthen'ica, Arthro'sia Podagra Inrva'ta, Di/sar-
ihri'tis. It is, also, commonly called in France
Govtte froide, Goutte b/auche. It may appear
primarily, or succeed attacks of regular gout.
Gout does not always confine itself to the joints.
It may attack the internal organs : when it is
called Arthritis aher'rnns seu errat'ica seu pla-
net'ica, Arth'ragra aiiom'ala, Pod'agra aber'raiis,
Vnre'iit, Wandering, misplaced, or anomalous gout,
(F.) Goutte vague.
Ret' rograde gout, Arthritis retrog'rada, Poda-
gra retrog'rada, Arthro'sia Podagra comjilica'ta,
Rece'dent or misjila'ced gout, (F.) Goutte renaintfe,
G. malplacee, G. renlree, is when it leaves tlio
joints suddenly and attacks some internal organ,
as the stomach, intestines, lungs, brain, &v.
Gout is also called, according to the part it
may affect, J'odagra, (lonagra, Chiragra, Ac,
It may be acute or chronic, and may give rise to
concretions, which are chiefly conipo.«ed of urnio
of soda. See Calculus, (arthritic.) It may, iilyo,
give occasion to nodosities, when it is called Ar-
thritis nodo'sa, (F. ) Gontle uourc.
The treatment is of the antiphlogistic kinti,
and the local disor<ler should be but little inti'r-
fered with. Colchicum seems to have great power
over the disease. It forms the basis of the /vin
niediciiiale d'Hussnn, n celebrated French gout-
remedy. The bowels must be kept regular by
rhubarb and magnesia; and a recurrence of the
disease be preventeil by abstemious habits.
Gout, Diaphragmatic, Angina pectoris.
Gout Papkh, so called, Charta antiurlhrit'ica,
Charta aniirheumat'ica, is made by sprciuling a
very thin layer of a mixture of an ethereal or
spirituous extract of the bark of mezereon root,
with wax, spermaceti, and oil, over the surfacp
of paper.
Gout, Rheumatic, see Rheumatism, acute — g.
Weed, Ligusticum poilagraria.
Gout Stonks, Calculi, arthritic.
GOUT, Taste.
GOUTTE, Gout, GuiU — g. Bhincho, Gont
(atonic) — g. Caduque, Epilepsy — g. Froide, Gout
(atonic) — g. Malplacee, Gout (retrograde) — g.
Nonee, Gout (with nodosities) — g. Rfgnliire
chaude. Gout (regular) — g. Remonlce, Gout (re-
trograde)— g. Rentree, Gout (retrograde) — g. Rose,
Gutta rosea — g. Sciatlf/ne, Neuralgia fenioro-pop-
litiBa — g. Sereiiie, Amaurosis — y. Vague, Goiit
(wandering.)
GOUTTEUX. Arthritic, Podagric.
GOUTTIERE (F.), CoUic"ia:. A gutter in a
bone, like that used for carrying off rain. Soido
of these cavities are intended to facilitate the
sliding of tendons, such as the Gouttiere Jliripi-
t(de or Bicip'ital groove. Others, as the Gout-
tiere^agiltale or Sagittal groove, lodge blooil-
vcssels and especially veins. Others, again, are
merely intended for the support of certain org.an.-' ;
as the Gouttiere basilairc or Bas' i la ri/ fossa, which
supports the medulla oblongata.
GOUTTIERE BASILAIRE, see Gouttilre—
g. Bicipitale, Bicipital groove — g. Lacrymnle,
Lachrymal groove — g. Sacri, Sacral groove —
g. Sagittale, see Gouttiere.
GOUTY, Arthritic, Podagric— g. Rheumatism,
see Rheumatism, acute.
GOUVERNAIL DU TESTICULE, Gubcr-
naciilum testis.
GOWAN, EWE, Bellis — g. Yellow, Ranun-
culus.
GOAVLAND'S LOTION, see Lotion, Gow-
land's.
GOWN, RED, Strophulus— g. Yellow, Icterus
infantum.
GOWNDE OF TIIR EYE, Chassie.
GRACE-WIFE, Midwife.
GRACILARIA LICHENOIDES, Fueus amy-
laccus.
GRACILIS, Macer, Macilen'tus. Slender,
lean. Also, the slender Rectus iute'rior fem'orts
seu Grac"illsiutfirior, (F.) Sous-puhio-creti lihiid.
Sons pubio-pretibial (Ch.), Dn,it ou grete intern',
de la cuisse. This muscle is situate at the inside
of the thigh. It is thin and very long; uud
GRADUATE
433
GRAPHITES
oriscs from the descending ramu? of the pubis,
to be inserted at the inner and inferior part of
the tuberosity of the tibia. It bends the leg and
causes abduction of tlie thigh. See Grite.
(jiiAcii.is Antkrioh, Rectus femoris.
(jHAl)'L''ATE, Oradua'tiiH, from (jrailna, *a
gtej),' ' a degree.' In medicine, one who has at-
tain\d a degree, — usually, the degree of doctor.
(JlliEA, yiiaia. The pellicle which forms on
milk. The folds of skin round the umbilicus.
An old woman.
GRAIN, Grminm ; the 60th part of a Troy,
and the 72<1 part of a Folda de. lunrc drachm.
(jiiAiN Oil, Oil, fusel — g. Oily, Scsamum ori-
eutiile.
GJiAfNE D' ASPIC, see Phalaris Canariensis
— g. d'Kcnrlnte, Coccus cacti — g. Mh»c, Hibiscus
nbelmoschus — g. de Paradin, Amomum granum
paradisi — g. de Per roquet, Carthamus tinctorius
(seed) — g. dc Sante, see Pilulae aloes ct kinae
JiiniP — rf, de Titrqiiie, Zea mays.
OKAINS, GUINEA, sec Pepper, Malagueta.
GitAiNS OP Parauise, Amomum granum Para-
disi.
GRAISSE, Pinguedo — g. de Moufon, Sevum
— g. d'Oie, Adeps anscrina — g. O.cygenee, Un-
guentura acidi nitrosi — g. de Pore, Adeps prae-
paratus.
GRAMEN iEGYPTIACUM, G. Crucis cype-
rioidis — g. Caninum, Triticum repens.
GiiAMKN Cni;ci.s Cyi-EUioi'Dis, Gramen ^gi/p'-
tidcnm, yKgijp'tian Cock's foot grans. Ord. (ira-
Tninea;. The roots and plants possess the virtues
of the Triticum repeus, and have been recom-
mended in the earlier stages of dropsy. They
were, formerly, considered to possess many other
properties.
Gramhn Dioscoridis, Triticum repens — g. Ma-
jor, Sarsnparilla (Jermanica — g. Orientalc, Juncus
odoriitiis — g. Repens, Triticum repens — g. llu-
brum. Sarfiipariila (iennaniea.
GRAM [A, (UfASSf/'J, hippitudo.
GRAMIX l\''Oii()[JS,Gr(iiHiiiii>'oriis, from gra-
nicH, 'grass,' and coro, 'I eat.' Feeding or sub-
sisting on grass.
GRAMMARIUM, Scruple.
GRAM.MK, ypaiiixij. An ancient weight, equi-
valent to the 21th part of an ounce, or to 24
grains, or a scruple, avoirdupois. At the present
day, the gramme is equal in weight to a cubed
centimi)tre of water; or to 18 grains, poids de
marc — IJ.l.'U grains, Troy.
GiiAMMK, Iris, Line.
GRAMMITIS AUREA, Asplenium cotcrach—
g. Ccteraeh, Asplenium ceterach.
GRANA, Ilemierania — g. Guineensia, Pepper,
lualagueta — g. Molucca, Croton tiglium — g. Mos-
clii, Hibiscus abelmoschus — g. Orientis, see Me-
nisperMuim cocculus — g. Paradisi, Amomum gra-
num Paradisi — g. Tiglii seu Tiglia, see Croton
tiglium — g. Tilii, Croton tiglium — g. Triticea, see
llyoides OS.
GRAXADILLA, APPLE-SHAPED, Passiflo-
ra raaliformis.
GRAXATI RADICIS CORTEX, see Punica
granatum.
GRAXD DORSAL, Lntissiraus dorsi.
GRANDEB'ALJE. The hair which grows in
the arm-pits.
GKANIXJORE, Svphilis.
GRAXDINOSUM OS, Cuboid.
GRANDO. Ohalaza.
GRANDI'LA, Gland.
GRAXIV'OROUS. Gmiuv'orus, from granum,
'a grain.' and voro, 'I eat.' Feeding or subsist-
ing on grain or seeds.
GRAXI-RISTUM. Anthrax.
GRAXULA SANGUINIS, Globules of the
blood — 'X. Scniinis, see Sperm.
28
GRAX'ULAR, Gran'tilous, Granulo'sns. (F.)
Granule, Grnnuleux, from grnniihim, 'a small
grain.' Composed of or containing granules or
small particles, — as 'granidar eyelid,' 'membrana
grnniilosfi,' &c., &C.
Granular Degeneration or Disorganization
OF THE Kidney, Kidney, Bright's disease of tlie
— g. Conjunctiva, Trachoma — g. Eyelid, Tracho-
ma— g. Layer, Membrana granulosa — g. Liver,
Cirrhosis — g. Tin, see Tin.
GRANULATED LIVER, Cirrhosis.
GRANULA'TION, Granula'tio, from granum,
'a grain.' Gemma, (F.) Bourgeon, B. charnu.
Granulations are the reddish, conical, flesh-like
shoots, which form at the surface of suppurating
wounds and ulcers. They are the product of in-
flammatory excitement, and may be produced
in indolent ulcers, by exciting the parts by pro-
per stimulants. They form the basis of the ci-
catrix.
Granulation is, likewise, a name given l)y
the modern French physicians to an organic
lesion, consisting in the formation of small, round,
firm, shining, semi-transparent tumours, of the
size and shape of millet-seed, or of a pea; which
are met with in the lungs particularly, and in
considerable quantity ; often without materially
interfering with their functions.
In pharmacy, grannlotion is a process by which
a metal is reduced to fine grains, by melting it,
and causing it, whilst liquid, to pass through a
kind of sieve into a vessel of water, — as in the
making of shot: — or by shaking or rubbing the
melted metal in an appropriate box or vessel, —
as in the formation of granular tin or granulated
zinc. ^
GRANULATIONS C^REBRALES, Glan-
dulae Pacehioni.
Granula'tions Mil'iary, or Miliary tu'ber-
cJes, are the small, transparent grains, of varia-
ble size, from that of a millet-seed to that of a
grain of hemp, which are presumed to be the
primitive state of tubercles.
GRAN'ULB, Gran'idum ; diminutive of gra-
num, 'a grain.' A small grain; a small compact
particle ; a cytoblast.
Gran'ules Sem'inal, Gran'ula sem'inis. Mi-
nute, rounded, granulated bodies, observable in
the semen, which are, in all cases, much less
numerous than the spermatozoids. See Sperm.
GRANITLEUX, Granular.
GRANULOUS, Granular.
GRANVILLE'S LOTION, see Lotion, Gran-
ville's counter-irritant.
GRAPE, see Vitis vinifera — g. Sea-side, see
Kino.
Grape-Cure, (F.) Cure du raisin, (G.) Trau-
benkur, Wein trau. A mode of medication in
GeriTiany, which consists in the use of the grape
for both meat and drink ; nothing more at the
farthest being allowed than a piece of dry bread.
This diet is continued for weeks. Its effects are
altogether revellent, and resemble ia many re-
spects those of hydropathy.
Grapes, Dried, Uvee passse.
GRAPHIDOIDES, Styloid.
GRAPHIODES, Styloid.
GRAPHIOiDES, Styloid.
GRAPIIIS'CUS, GrapTiis'cus Di'odis. An in-
strument invented by Diodes for extracting
darts [?]. Said, in many of the Dictionaries, but
erroneously, to be described by Celsus. Ho
speaks only of the Cyathis'cus Di'odis, Aioxilttov
Kva9i<TKov. See Cyathiscus.
GRAPIII'TES, Plumhn'go, Superearhure'tum
seu Varhurc'inm Ferri, Ferri Cnrbona'tinn sen
Sajycrcarhnre'tum, Carbo minera'lis, Ga/ene'n,
Gd/c'ne, Plumbum nigrum, Ceruss'a nigra, Gra.
jphite, Car' buret of iron, Blade lead, Wud, (E.)
GRAPIIOIDES
484
GRf:LE
Crnynn mnir, Plomhar/iiie, Chnrbon minora}, Cur-
hnre ile ft-r, from ypa<pii), 'I write' This sub-
stnnee has been esteeined slifjhtly ii.«trin<rent and
rtciiiecative. It has been advised by Weinhold
in the rure of herpes.
GRAPHOiDES, Styloid.
(JtlAPHOSPASMUS, Cramp, writers'.
aiiAS DES CADAVIiES, Adipocire — .7. de
JiDiibe, Siira — g. dee Cimetieres, Adipocire — y. de
Jamfie, Sura.
Gil AS FONDURE (F.), Dlnrrhce'a ndipo'an,
literally, molten grerife. A species of diarrhoea,
referred to by old writers; accompanied with f;reat
emiiciation. and in which the evacuations contain
fiit-like msitter. Accordinjij to Sauvages, the Gras-
foiidiire differs from colliquative diarrhoea in not
ijeins attended with hectic fever.
GRASS, Asparagns — g. Bear's, Yucca filnmen-
tosa — g. Rennuda, Cynodon dactylon — g. Bitter,
Alctris farinosa — g. Blue-eyed, Sisyrinchiura
Bermudianuiu — g. Brouie, Bromus ciliatus — g.
Brome. soft, Bromus ciliatus — g. Canary, culti-
vated, Phalaris Canariensis — g. Couch, Triticum
repens — g. Dog, Triticum repens — g. Egyptian
cock's foot, Graraen crucis cyperio'ides — g. (xoat's,
Scorzonera — g. Knot, Polygonum aviculare — g.
Lily, Sisyrinchium Bermudianum.
(jUAss Oil of Nrmaur, Oleum graniinis Tndici.
Grass, Physic, Sisyrinchium Bermudianum —
fj. Rib, Plantago lanceolata — g. Scurvy, Sisyrin-
chium Bermudianum — g. Silk, Yucca filameutosa
— g. Sweet, Acorus Calamus.
Grass Tree, Xanthorrhoea.
Grass, Vipers', Scorzonera — g. Yellow-eyed,
Xvris bulbosa.
'GRASSET (F.). Th« anterior region of the
thiirh, bounded 1)p1ow by the patella.
(SRASSEYE.UENT {¥.), Somis blmws, Rota-
cin'miis, from (¥.) (/ran, 'thick.' ' Speaking thick.'
According to Sauvages, a vicious pronunciation
of tlie letter r. They who speak thick, like the
inhabitants of Newcastle, in England, or of Havre,
in Fi-ance. have difficulty in pronouncing the r,
and they frequently substitute for it the letter I ;
but this does not properly constitute GrnnHeye-
vicnt. It consists in this: that, in words in
which the letter r is joined to another consonant,
a sort of htrrriii'i or guttural rolling is heard,
nearly like that produced by gargling. See llo-
tocism.
GRASUS, Cinabra.
GRATELLE. Psoriasis.
GRATIA DEI, Gratiola ofRoinalis.
GRATIOLACENTAURIOiDES.G.ofiRcin.alis.
Gratio'la Officina'lis, Digit't'lis jin'n'inifi,
Gra'tiri De), Gratio/n Ceiildiin'o'i'des, Hedije hr/D-
sop. Herb iif Grace, from yrcttin, 'grace or favour,'
(jwing to it.s presumed excellent medical virtues.
It is a native of the south of Europe (F.)
G nitiole, Spiie den pren, Petite dirjitale, Herbe an
jiaiivre honinie. The plant is inodorous; taste
Strong, bitter, nauseous. It is possessed of an-
thelmintic, purgative, emetic, and diuretic pro-
perties. Dose, ten grains.
GRA TIOLE. Gratiola ofBcinalis.
GRA TTERON, Galium sparine.
GRA TTOIR. Raspatorium.
GRAVATfF. Heavy.
GRAVp]. Serious — g. Plant, Datura sangninea.
(tRAVEDO, Catarrh, Coryza — g. Neonatorum,
Snuffles.
GRAVEL, Lith'ia renn'Jis nreno'sa, Lrthi'nain
iiephn't'iea sen renn'lia, (F.) Gravelle. A disease
occasioned by small concretions, similar to sand
or gravel, Gla'reri, (F.) Gmvier, which form in
the kidneys, pass along the ureters to the bliid-
der, and are expelled with tlie urine. These con-
cretions, which are commonly composed of uric
acid and an animal matter, are deposited at the
bottom of the vessel, immcdiatclj' after the excre-
tion of the urine ; and, by their hfinlncss and
resistance under the finger, differ considiTably
from the ordinary sediment of that licpiid. A
vegetable diet and alkaline drinks are the best
prophylactics. See Calculi, urinary. A ft of
the Gravel, Nephral'yia calcnhi'iia sen areiio'na,
Cn'liea nephrit' lea, is the excruciating sulftTiii"
induced by the passage of gravel from tlie kidney
to the bladder. It can only be relieved by ana'3-
thetics, opiates, the warm batli, &c.
When the deposit is in fine particles, it is
termed Sand, Are'iia, Are'uula, Psuitt'uKi, Psam-
mtis.
Gravel Grass, Galium verum.
Gravel, Pileoi's or Hairy, (F.) Grmelle pi.
leitne. A species of gravel containing hairs, phos-
phate of lime, ammoniaco-magnesiun phus)jliate,
and a little uric acid. — .Magcndie.
Graviol Plant, Epigosa repens — g. Root, Eu-
patoriuin purpureum.
GRA VELEFX, Calculous.
GRAVELLE, Chalaza, Gravel — (/. Pileuse,
Gravel, pileous.
GRAVEOLENS, Fetid.
GRAVID, Pregnant.
GRAV'IDIN ; from gravidas, 'pregnant,'
graviii, 'heavy.' A sediment in the urine of
pregnant women, which by its dccoinjKJsition
gives rise to the pellicle kyestein. It diflers from
albumen, casein and gelatin. — Stark.
(5RAVIDITAS, Fecundation, Pregniincy — g.
Abdominalis, Pregnancy, abdominal — g. Extra-
uterina, see Pregnancy — g. Extra-uterina in Ova-
rio. Pregnancy, ov.arian — g. Extra-uterina Se-
cundaria, Metacyesis — g. Interslitialis, Preg-
nancy, interstitial — g. Molaris, Mole — g. Ovarii,
Pregnancy, ovarian — g. Spuria, Pregnancy, fal.sa
— g. Tubaria, Pregnancy, tubal, Saljiiiigo-cyesis
— g. Uteri substantia. Pregnane}', interstitial — g.
Uterina, Pregnancy.
GRAVIER, (travel.
GRAVIMETER, Areometer.
GRAVIS, Heavy.
GRAVITY, SPECIF'IC, Gravitan speeif'icn,
(F.) Pesanteur specijjque. The relation between
the weight of a body and its bulk : thus, sup-
jiosing four bodies to be of the same size, but to
weigh, one four, another three, another two, and
the fourth one; the specific gravity of the first
will be four times greater than that of the last.
The specific gravities of different bodies arc,
therefore, as the weights, bulk for bulk. For
solids, and liquids, water is taken as the unit;
atmospheric air for the gases. Thus, water is
1.000; mercury, at the common temperature,
13.68. AVhence, we conclude mercury is between
thirteen and fourteen times heavier than water.
GRAYHAIRED, see Poliosis.
GRAY MATTER OF THE BRAIN, Cortex
cerebri, see Neurine.
GREASE, from (F.) Graiine, 'fat.' A specific
inflammation, affecting the skin of the heels of
the horse, which is especially interesting from
the circumstance, that the matter, if inserted
under the cuticle of an unprotected individual,
may give rise to an affection — grenae-pm, rnri'-
(ilcp equi'iKF. — which preserves the person from
small-pos. [?]
Grease, Barrow's, Adeps suillus — g. Goose,
Adeps anserinus — g. Molten, Grna-foiidnre.
Grease Pox. see Grease.
GREENIIEART, see Bebeeru.
GREENHOW'S TINCTURE FOR THE
TEETH, Spiritus armoraciae compositus.
GREEN SICKNESS, Chlorosis.
GREENWEED, Genista tinctora.
GRELE{f.), Grac"ilis, 'long and thin.' Thii
grSle
43.
GRYPHIUS PES
epithet is given by the French to various parts,
U!i the
Apaphyae GrSle dn Marteait, the slender apoph'-
ynid or process of the mal'leus. A long process
hiiuate at the anterior part of the neck of the
malleus, which passes out by the fissure of Gla-
BL-riua. It is also called the Apnphij'iiis of Jiau,
iiUhough it was already known to Fabricius ab
Aiiuiipendcntc and to Caecilius Follius.
GIthLE, Chalaza — g. Interne de la Cuisse,
Gracilis.
an£MIL OFFICINAL, Lithospermum offi-
cinale.
GHEMIUM, Vulva.
URKNAUI-:, Influenza.
GIIUNADI Elt, Funica granatum.
Gill'JNADIN, see Punica granatum.
GliRSI I'UtS, Vesiculae seininales.
GIIKNOUILLE, liana csculenta.
G n f'JNO UIL L E T TE, Kan u la.
ORKOULX, MINERAL WATERS OF. Sul-
jihuretted springs in the department of Basses-
Alpes, Franco.
(iRKSSIIRA, Perinicum.
GRKSSUS, Walking.
GREVEURE, Hernia.
GRIELUM, Apium petroselinuna, Smyrnium
ohisatruin.
GRIFF, see Mulatto.
GRIFFO, SCO Mulatto.
GUIXCEMBNT DES DENTS, Brygmus.
GRINCOMES, Syphilis.
GRINDERS, Molar teeth— g. Asthma, see
Asthma, grinders' — g. Rot, Asthma, grinders'.
GRINDING MILL, see Pulverization.
GRIPE, CUTTING ON THE, see Lithotomy.
GRIPES, Tormina, Colic.
Grii'ks, Watery. A popular name for a dan-
gerous disease of infancy, common in England,
which does not differ essentially from the cholera
infantum of this country.
GRIPHOSIS, Onychogryphosis.
GRIPPE {¥.), from gripper, 'to gripe,' 'catch
h')ld of.' A vulgar name for several catarrhal
diseases, which have reigned epidemically; as
the influenza.
GRIPPJS, Pinched.
GRfSOU, see Hvdrogon, carburetted.
GRISTLE, Cartilage.
GRITS, Groats.
GuiT Gruel, Water gruel. This is made
as follows: — Take three ounces oi grits ; wash
them well in cohl tcater, and, having poured off
the fluid, put them into four pints of fresh water,
and boil slowly until the water is reduced one-
half; then strain through a sieve. It is a good
dtMuulceut, and is employed also as a vehicle for
clysters.
GROAN, see Suspirium.
GROATS, German Griitze; Grutum, Ave'na
exeorticn'ta ; (F.) Gniait, Oatmeal, ( Fo>-/,-«Ai>c.)
Oats, hulled, but unground, {Lancashire.) Hulled
oats, half ground. Oats that have the hulls taken
off; Grits, (Prov.) Cutlius. When crushed, they
are termed Emhden groats. In America, fine
lumiiny is called Grits, and wheat prepared in
tlic same way is likewise so designated. It is
al.-io called icheaten homini/.
G no ATS, Cracow, Semolina.
ttROCERS' ITCH, see Eczema Impetiginodes,
P.=i>riasis.
GROG-BLOSSOMS, Gutta rosea.
GKOG-ROSES, Gutta rosea.
(iROMWELL, Lithospermum officinale.
(iROOVE, Enrrow, Sii/ciis, (F.) Jlitinnre. loe-
landic, gra/a. Sax. srapan. ' to dig.' A channel
or gutter in a bone or surgical instrument. See
Cuulitse.
Groove, Prim'itive, Primltice streah or trace,
Nota primiti'va. A bright streak in the long
axis of the pellucid part of the area germinaiiva,
after it presents a central pellucid and a pcri()he-
ral opake part, and passes from the round to the
pear shape.
GROOVED. Same etymon. Snka'tus, Stria',
tus, Caiialicula'tiiH, (F.) Vaanele ou Cauele ou
Canalicnle ; Canaliculated. Having a small chan-
nel or gutter.
GROS, Drachm — g. Cou, Bronchocele.
GROSEILLES, Ribes rubrum— ^. d Maque-
reaii, Ribes uva crispa.
GROSEILLER NOIR, Ribes nigrum — ^.
Rouge, Ribes rubrum.
GROSSE GORGE. Bronchocele.
GROSSESSE, Pregnancy — //. Abdominale,
Pregnancy, abdominal — g. A/u'lalc, Pregnancy,
afoetal — g. Bigeiiiiiiale, Pregnancy, bigeminal —
g. Comjdexe, Pregnane}', complex — g. Gomposee,
Pregnancy, compound — g. Cuiitre-hatnre, Preg-
nancy, extra-uterine — g. Faiisse ou apparenle.
Pregnancy, false—;/. Fatole, Pregnancy, foetal — ■
g. GdZD-hystcrique, Pregniincy, gazo-hysteric —
g. Heinalo-hynteriinie, Pregnancy, heinato-hyste-
ric — g. lIijdro-hysteri(jue, Pregnancy, hydro-hys-
teric— g. Iiiter-e.ctra-uferiiie, Pregnancy, com-
I)lex — g. Ovarirnne, Pregnancy, ovarini — g. Sar-
co-hysleriqne, Pregnancy, SJirco-hysteric — g. Sar-
cnfaetale. Pregnancy, sarcofoetiil — g. Simple, Preg-
nancy, solitary — g. Solitaire, Pregnancy, solitary
— g. Trigeminule, Pregnancy, trigeminal — g.
Triple, Pregnancy, trigeminal — g. Tubaire, Preg-
nancy, tubal — g. Utern-abdoniiiia/e, Pregnancy,
utero-abdoniinal — g. Utero-ovarienue, Pregnancy,
utoro-ovarian — g. Utiro-tubaire, Pregnancy, ute-
ro-tubal.
GROSSULARIA, Ribes uva crispa— g. Nigra,
Ribes nigrum — g. Non spinosa, Ribes nigrum — g.
Rubra, Kibes rubrum.
GROTTO DEI SERPI (L) 'Grotto of ser-
pents.' A grotto near Braccano, in Italj', filled
with warm water, to which invalids, affected with
skin diseases, resort.
GROUILLEMENT D'ENTRAILLES, Bor-
borygmus.
GROUND BERRY, Gaultheria — g. Holly,
Gaultheria — g. Ivy, Gaultheria, Glechoma hede-
racea — g. Nut, Arachis hypogea, Pignut — g.
Pine, Teucrium cbamajpitj's — g. Pine, French,
Teucrinm iva.
GROUNDIE SWALLOW, Senecio.
GROUNDSEL, Senecio — g. Tree, Baccharis
haliinifiilia.
GROUSEBERRY, Gaultheria.
GROWTH, from Dutch groyen, 'to grow,'
Tncremeu'tiim, Craven'tia, Aiiaplo'tis, Annpiyx'is,
(F.) Croissance, Criie. The development of the
body; particularly in the direction of its height.
Also, any adventitious tissue; thus, we speak of
a morbid qrowth or formation. See Development.
GROZET-EYED, Goggle-eyed.
GRUAU, Groats.
GRUB, Larve, see Ectozoa.
Gnt'HS, Aene punctata.
GRUEL, GRIT, see Grits— g. Water, see Ave-
na, and Grits.
GRUFF, from Teutonic ge, and rub, 'rough.'
In pharmac}', the coarse residue, which will not
pass throuirh the sieve in pulverization.
GRUME AU, Coagulum.
GRU.MOUS, Grumo'sns. (F.) GrumeU, Grume-
leu.r, from (/runuis, 'a clot.' Clotted.
GRUMUS, Coagulum.
GRUTUM. 'Groats.' Grutum Mil'ium, Mil',
turn. A hard white tubercle of the skin, resem-
bling, in size and appearance, a millet-seed. It
is confined to the face. See, also, Groats.
GRYPH'IUS PES. The Griffon's foot, (F.)
GRYPHOSIS
4 3G
GUM MI
Pied de Griffou, An instrument of which Am-
brose Pure speaks, which was used for extracting
mole? fniiii the uterus.
GRA' Pilosis, Onychogryphosis.
GRYPO'SIS, from yovKoto, 'I ineurvate.' In-
cnrvii'lio. Curvature or crookedness in general.
Crookedness or incurvation of the nails. See
Onychnr/n/jioiiis.
GRYPOTES, s-ee Grypus.
GRl'PUS. One who has a crooked or aquiline
nose. The condition is termed Gry'jwtes.
GUA'CO, Hun'co. The name k a plant, Eh-
patit'riiini Gnnco. decribed by Humboldt and
Bonpland under the name Mika'nia Giiaco, Ord.
Composite, which grows in the valleys of Mada-
lena, Rio-Cauca, Ac, in South America. The
negroes use the juice against the bites of poison-
ous reptiles ; — both in the way of prevention and
cure. It has been, of late, brought forward as a
remedy in cholera.
GUAIAC, see Guaiacum.
GIIAIACI LIGNUM, see Guaiacum — g. Re-
sina, see Gunincura.
GUAIACINE, see Guaiacum.
GUAI'ACUM, G. Officina'le seu America'nxim,
Zii'gniim vitce. seu finiictiim seu beiiedic'tnm seu
Jnd'icuiit, Pnhin SKiicttm, Hafjiax' t/lnm,('B.) Guync,
Gainc. Oril. Zygophylleaj. The resin — Gniti'nci
Resi'tifi, Giuii'nc, (P.) liesitte ou Gomme de Ga'iac
— and the wood — Giinici licjnuni — are both used
in medicine. Their odour is slightly fragrant ;
taste w:irm and Viitter, of the resin more so than
of the wood. The resin is concrete, brittle ;
colour, externally, greenish ; internally grayish.
Water dissolves about one-tenth ; alcohol 95
parts. It is soluble, also, in liqiwr pnfnssas 15 parts,
liquor (imiiioiilw 38 parts. The powder is whitish,
but changes green in the air. The base of the
guaiacum is a peculiar resin, called Guniacine.
Guaiacum is stimulant a-nd diaphoretic ; and
in large doses, purgative. It is administered in
chronic rheumatism, gout, cutaneous diseases,
and the sequelsB of syphilis. Dose of resin, gr.
V to XX : — to purge, gr. xx to xl.
Giinia'ciDU saxcttim, and G. anguatifo' Hum have
the same virtues as G. officinnle.
GUALTIIERIA, Gaultheria.
GUANO, — according to Tschudi, properly
Hiiitnii. — is formed of the excrements of different
kinds of marine birds — mews, divers, sheerbreaks,
Ac, but especially of the Snln variega'ta. It is
found in enormous layers in the South American
islands of the Pacific, and is used as manure.
GUAR ANA. Paullinia.
GUARANIIEM, Monesia.
GUARANIN, see Coffea Arabica.
GUARAPO. A fermented liquor made, in
Peru, of sugar-cane pulp and water. It is a very
favourite beverage of the negroes. — Tschudi.
GUARD (for abed), Alfine.
;• ' ARERBA ORBA, Momordica elaterium.
.'•'niAVA APPLE, Psidium pomiferum.
-'?,'X)'UAY'"AVA, Psidium pomiferum.
GUAZA, see Bangue.
GUBERNAC'ULUM DENTIS, {guhemacu-
liim, 'a rudder.') A cord, which passes from the
follicle of the permanent tooth along a small long
canal beiiind the alveolus of the milk tooth, and
hecomes continuous with the gum. The guber-
naculuin hns been supposed to direct the perma-
nent tooth outwards. The canal has been termed
Iter dentin.
GliBKRNAcrrLUM" TESTIS, Giihemactdum testis,
Hunteri, G. Iliinteri. Hniiteri Liqnmen'tum siis-
jtenso'riiim Testis, (F.) Goiiveniail du testicule. A
triangular, fibro-cellular cord; which, in the foetus,
arises from the ramus of the ischium and the skin
of the scrotum, and proceeds to the posterior part
of the testicle, before this organ issues from the
abdomen. It has been supposed to be a continn-
ation of the fascia superlicialis with muscular
fibres from the internal oblique muscle, whiiii
pass upwards to the testis when in the abdomen ;
and by their contraction draw the testis down
and ultimately form the cremastcr muscle.
GUEPE, Wasp.
GUEIUSON, Cure.
GUERlSSAliLE, Curable.
G^f//,Viscum album — g.de C/(e»e,Viscum album
GUIDER, Tendon.
GUILANDI'NA MORIN'GA, Hypenuthe'm
woriugn. A ])hint, Ord. Leguminosa?, which
affords the lien nut, and the lignum nephrit' icnm.
It is also called iforin'gn Olc'if'cra seu Zei/lau'icri
seu Nux hen. Under the name Gnilandiiin mn.
ringa, Linnseus is said to have confounded iVn-
ringn pteri/gospei-m'a and 3f. np'tern. Ilypertin-
the'ra moringa is a synonyme of the former
species. The nut Ben, Ben vkx, Glnvs ungnciiln'-
ria, BuVanna Jfi/rep'sica, Siin'd(dum ceEnt'leum,
Oily Acorn or Ben nut, is a West India nnt which
furnishes an oil, O'leum llnlmii'num, Oil nf lien,
that does not become rancid by age, and is hence
used by perfumers. It is purgative.
The wood of the Guilaudina is called Lignum
Nephrit'icum, and has been used in decoction, in
affections of the urinary organs.
GUILLOTINE, TONSIL, Amygdalatome.
GUILTY CUPS, Ranunculus .acris.
GU13IAUYE, Althaea— if. Velouiee, Hibiscus
abehnoschus.
GULA, fflsophagus, Pharynx.
GUL^ IMBECILLITAS, Pharyngoplegia -
g. Principium, Pharynx.
GULLET, Oesophagus.
GULLION, Colic.
GULOSUS, Glutton.
GULSCHOCH, Icteru.s.
GUM, ACAROID, see Xanthorrhoea— g.Aniine,
Anime — g. Arabic, AcaciaD gummi — g. Artificial,
Dextrin — g. Bassora, Bassora gum — g. Black-
boy, see Xanthorrhoea.
Gum Boil, Parulis.
Gum, British, Dextrin --g. Butea, see Buloa
frondosa — g. Caranna, Carnnna — g. Dragon, Tra-
gacantha — g. East India, see Eeronia elephantuin
— g. Elastic, Caoutchouc.
Gum of the Eye, C/mssic — g. Falling away of
the, Ulatrophia — g. Hemlock, see Pinus Cana-
densis'— g. Indigenous, Gummi nostras — g. Ivy,
see Hedera helix — g. Juniper, Sandarae.
G DM-Lancet, Denfiscnl'pium, Odontng'lyplinn,
(F.) DechauHsoir. An instrument for separating
the gum from the cervix of the tooth, prior to
extraction. It is formed much like a Ileain. The
operation itself is called Lrincing the gums, Den'-
tiuni scalptu'ra, (F.) DecJianssement.
Gum, Orenburg, see Pinus larix — g. Red,
Strophulus.
Gum Resin, Gummi resina.
Gum, Sandarach, Sandarac — g. Sassa, Sasfa
— g. Seneca, Acacise gummi — g. Senega, Acaciic
gummi — g. Shrinking of the, Ulatrophia — f.'.
Sweet, Liquidambar styraciflua — g. Tragacanth,
Tragaeanth.
Gum Tree, Brown, see Kino.
Gum, White, Liquidambar styraciflua, Stro-
phulus— g. Yellow, Icterus infantum.
GUMMA, (F.) Gomme. An elastic tumour
formed in the periosteum occupying particularly
the cranium and sternum, and produced by the
syphilitic virus, when it has been long in the con-
stitution. It is so called, because, when opened,
it contains a matter like gum.
GUMMI, Comvii, Kouiii, (F.) Gomme. An im-
mediate principle of vegetables. It is a .«olid,
uncrystallizablc, inodorous substance, of amawk-
GUMMIDODES
43 7
GUTT.E ABBATIS, &c.
lah taste, unchangeable in the air, insoluble in
alcohol, but soluble in water, with which it forms
a mucilage. It is obtained from various species
of mitiioHa and primus; and consequently there
are many varieties of gum. They are used in
iiiediciiies as demulcents, emollients, and relax-
ants, (larticularly in catarrh, intestinal irritations,
itc. ; and in Pknrmuci/, they are employed in the
f /rmation of emulsions, pills, &c.
(iiiMMi AcAci/E AiiABiCE, Acacisc gummi — g.
Ai-antliiiium, Acaciu) gummi — g. Acaroides, see
,Kan(liorrh(ca — g. Adslringeiis Fothergilli, Kino
— g. Aminoniacum, Animoniao — g. Anime, Anime
— g. Aniljicum, Acaciao gummi — g. Astragali Tra-
gacanthio, Tragacantha — g. Bogia, Cauibogia —
g. I5relisis, Caranna — g. Copalliiium, Copal — g.
Klasiicum, Caoutchouc — g. Euphorbia;, see Eu-
](liorbia olFicinarum — g. Gaiiiandrae, Cauibogia —
g. Oambiense, Kino — g. de Goa, Cauibogia — g.
(iutta, Cauibogia — g. llederae, see Iludora helix
— g. dc Jemu, Cambogia — g. Juniperi, Sandarac
— g. Laccic, Lacca — g. Ladanum, see Cistus crc-
lic'us — g. Laniac, Acaciaa gummi — g. Laricis, see
i'inus larix — g. Leueum, Acaciae gummi.
GtiMMl NosTHAS, (F.) Giimme dii f'lii/n ; Fndiij"-
eiKiiiH Giini. These generic names are given to
several species nf gum, which flow spontaneously
from certain indigenous fruit trees, — such as the
iiiinond, cherry, peach, apricot, &c. The indige-
nous giuus have nearly the same properties as
guiii Ar;ibic; but they are inferior to it.
Gc'MMi Orknuuugknsh, see Pinus larix — g. Pa-
naris, see Pastinaca opopona.x — g. ad Podagram,
Cauibogia.
Gummi-Resi'na, Giim-reiin. A milky juice,
obtiiiiied l)y making incisions into the branches,
stalks and roots of certain vegetables. Gum-re-
i-ins are compounds of resin, gum, often with es-
sential oil, and different other vegetable matters.
They are solid, opake, brittle, of a strong odour,
acrid taste, variable colour, and are heavier than
water. Water dissolves a part of them, and al-
cohol another; hence proof spirit is the proper
menstruum. The generality of the gum-resins
arc powerful stimulants to the whole or to parts of
the economy. The chief are nadfwtidn, gum aiii-
iiiniiine, eaphorliium, galbrinnni, ciinihnge, myrrh,
olili'iiiiiiii, fipapoiinx, scanimoDi/, aloen, &c.
Gi'VMi KiBHtnf AnsTRI.vuR^Js Gamkiexse, Ki-
no, see Butea Frondosa — g. Seneca, Senegal gum
— g. Senega, Senegal, gum — g. Senegalense, Se-
i*Si'l> gi"" — g- Senica, Senegal, gum — g. Sera-
pionis. Acacias gummi — g. Thebaicum, AcaciiB
guiiiini — g. Tragacantha, Tragacantha — g. Ura-
lense, see Pinns larix.
GUMMIDODES. Mucilaginous.
GUMMIODES, Mucilaginous.
GUMMOSUS, Mucilaginous.
GUMS, Gingiva.
GUN-COTTON, see Collodion — g. c. Ethereal
solution of. Collodion.
GUX.IAII, see Bangue.
GUN^M<;RA PEUPKN'SA. A South Afri-
can plant, \:it. Ord. UrticaceiB; the dec<iction of
which is taken as a domestic remedy by the farm-
er?, as a tonic in dyspepsia. A tincture has been
used in gravel. An infusion of the leaves is de-
mulcent, and is employed in pulmonary affections.
Tlie leaves are applied fresh, to cure wounds and
ulcers.
G URGES. Pharynx.
GURGITKLLO, MINERAL WATERS OF.
A thenuiil spring in the isle of Ischia. Temp, at
its source, 170° Fall. It contains carbonic acid,
carbonates of lime, magnesia, iron and soda, sul-
phates of limo and soda, chloride of sodium and
silica.
GURGLING. 'Gushing with noise,' as water
from a bottle. (F.) Gar<jouHlement, same etymon
as gargle. The rhonchus or rale heard on aus-
cultation when there is a cavity in the lungs con-
taining pus. It is the 'cavernous rattle or rhou-
chuH,' Rale cavernenx. The size of the bubbles
heard varies, and hence the rhonchus has been
called cavernous and cavern' uIuuk, (F.) Rale ca-
vernideux. If the cavern be large, this rale will
nearly resemble the gurgling of a bottle (i/lougloit
d'uue houleilie ;) if, on the contrary, the cavera
be small, it will not differ from the rale mu-
queujc
GURGULIO, Penis, Uvula.
GUST AT IF, {Nerf,) see Lingual Nerve.
GUSTATION, Degustation, Taste.
GUSTATORY NERVE, see Lingual Nerve.
GUSTUS, Taste — g. Depravatus, Parageustia.
GUT, Gout, Intestine — g. Blind, Ciecuni.
GUTS, SLIPPERINESS OF THE, Lientery.
GUTTA, Apoplexy, Cambogia, Gout.
GUTTA. A Drop, Staldfj'niu, Alun'sd, Stilla
(F.) Goutte. A (juantity of licjuid, generally va-
lued, in pharmacy, at the weight of a grain. The
weight, however, varies according to different
circumstances, as the degree of tenacity of the
fluid, and the extent of moist surface to which the
suspended drop is attached before it falls ; and it
was found by Mr. Alsop to be influenced by the
size of the bottle, and the angle of inclination at
which it was held during the operation of drop-
ping. The following are some of his results as
to the number of drops required to measure a
fluidrachm, when dropi)ed from a largo and a small
bottle.
From a Iarj;e From a small
bottle. bdttlo.
(f^j) Diluted sulphuric acid. ...24 drops 8-t drops
Sclieele's hydrocyanic acid 85 70
Distilled water .31 64-
Solution of ammonia 40 48
Tincture of opium 84 l.'?.")
Rectified spirits 100 LSO
Tincture of chlorideofironl 00 160
GuTTA Gamandii;e, Cambogia — g. Gamba, Ciyn-
bogia — g. Opaca, Cataract.
GliTTA Pkrcha, Gntta tuhan, Gomme r/ettii'iu'a.
The concrete juice of a tree — houau'dra ;/n(ta —
which is indigenous in Singapore and its vicinity,
and belongs to the Natural Order Sapotacese.
Plunged in boiling water it softens, when it may
be moulded like caoutchouc to any form, which
it retains on cooling. Splints and other instru-
ments have been made of it.
A solution o( gutta 2)crvhn in clilomform — Trnn-
niat'icine — has been used with advantage, topi-
cally, in various cutaneous affections, scrofulous
and indolent ulcers, and as an ectrotic in small-
pox.
GiiTTA Rosacea Syphilitica, Crown of Venus.
GuTTA Ro'sea, G. Rosa'cen, lon'lhuH curymh'-
ifer, Cruxta serpigiuo'sii sen ptruru/iiio'sa. Acne
rnsa'cea, Rose'ola aoio'sa, Thylarii'tis, B \ " '->,
Butign, Oar' bunded Face, Rimy Drop or It '••»!,
Copper-nose, Bottle-nose, Grog-blossoms, 0 .
roses. Brandy-face, (F.) Couperose, Goulte Rose,
Bourgeons, Dartre pustuleuse couperose. An.
eruption of small, suppurating tubercles, with
shining redness, and an irregular granular ap-
pearance of the skin of the part of the face which
is affected. The redness commonly a[)pcMrs first
at the end of the nose, and then spreads on both
sides. It is often produced by hard drinking.
Its cure must be attempted by regular regimen,
and cooling means internally : weak spirituous or
saturnine lotions externally. The affection is
usually very obstinate.
GuTTA Serena, Amaurosis — g. Tuban, Gutta
pereha.
GUTT/E ABBATIS ROUSSEAU, Laudanum
abbatis Rousseau — g. Ammoniaci, see Ammoniao
GUTTALIS CARTILAGO
43 8
GYTLIXG
gum — g. Aci(l;B tnnierc, Elixir Aciihira Hallcri —
g. Nervina}, Alcohol sulfiirico-astluTcus ferri.
Gl TT.»: NiGf!.*;, Ace'lum o'pii, Commoti Black
Drop. {Opii ,V'''J' "'"'''' 'Jctillaf- tt)ij. Infuse.)
The celebrated lilack Drop, Lau'cniter or Qua-
ker'a lilnck Drop may be niiule as follows. Take
half a pound of <ij)iiiin uliced; three pints of good
verjuice, (juice of the wild eralj,) one and a half
ounce of nutmegs, and half an ounce of saffron.
Boil to a proper thickness, and add a quarter of a
pound of sugar, and two spoonfuls of yeast. Set
the whole in a warm place, near the fire, for six
or eight weeks; then plnce it in the open air un-
til it becomes a syrup. Lastly, decant, filter, and
bottle it up, adding a little sugar to each bottle.
One drop is equal to three of laudanum; and it
is nearly devoid of all the unpleasant exciting
efifects of the latter. An analogous formula is
contained in the Pharmacopoeia of the United
States under the name Ace'lum opii, Vinerjar of
Opium.
GUTTALIS CARTILAGO, Arytenoid Carti-
lage.
GUTTERIA, Bronchocele.
GUTTUR. The throat; the larynx; the
trachea.
GuTTUR Globosum, Bronchocele — g. Turaidum,
Bronchocele.
GIIT'TURAL, Guttiira'lts, from giitfur, 'the
throat.' Relating or belonging to the throat.
The Superior Thi/roideul Artery is sometimes
called Gullural Arteri/.
A Giitturol Cowjh is one occasioned by irrita-
tion of the larynx or trachea.
A Guttural Sound is one produced, as it were,
in the throat.
GUTTUKIS OS, Hyoides os.
GUTTURNIA. Arytenoid cartilages.
GY.MNA, Genital Organs.
GYMNASION, Exercise.
GYMNA'SIUM, from yu/ii-of. 'naked.' Palms'^
trc. An establishment amongst the ancients, in-
tended for bodily exercises, as wrestling, running,
&(i. ; a terra now used, in Germany more espe-
cially, for an academy or higher school.
GYMNAST, Gyiiinas'teK, Gyniurm'ta ; same
etymon. Tiie manager of a gymnasium. One,
■whose profession it is to prevent or cure diseases
by gymnastics.
GYMNASTICS, Gymnan'tica, Medici'nn f/ym-
nas'ticn seu euecl'icK, Somascet'icn, (F.) Gymiins-
tiquc, Somuscetique. Same etymon. That part
of hygienic medicine which treats of bodily exer-
cises. It is called 3fed'icnl Gymnastics. The
ancients had also Athlet'ic Gymnast ics, and Mil'-
itary Gymnastics. Herodicus, of Selivraja, first
proposed svinastics for the cure of disease.
G YMNASTIQUE, Gymnastics.
GYMNEU'RA LACTIF'ERUM, Ceylon cow-
tree, Kirinrjhuma. A tree, of the Family Apocy-
naceae, the juice of which is used by the Cinga-
l«!t' as milk.
GYMNOC'LADUS CANADEN'SIS, Coffee
Tree, Kentucky Coffee-bean Tree, Mahoynny,
Nichar Tree, Bondue. Order. Leguminosae ; from
yujivoj, ' naked,' and kXh^o?, ' a branch.' An in-
digenous tree, which grows from Ohio to Louisi-
ana. The leaves are cathartic, and said to con-
tain cytisin. The seeds are a good substitute for
coffee.
GYMNOGRAMME CETERACH, Asplenium
ceterach.
GYMNOPTERIS CETERACH, Asplenium
ceterach.
(5YMN0SIS, Denudation.
GYN.iE'CANER, from yui/f/.yuvaKroj, 'a woman,'
and «i'>7p, 'a man.' Vir effceminu'tus. An efifemi-
nate man.
GYNiECANTHE, Tamus communis.
GYNvECATOP'TRON, from yw, yvvaiKo{. 'a
woman,' and xaroTfT/Jov, ' a s])cculum.' A spccu-
culum for investigating the female organs of
generation.
GYNiECEA, Gynwceia.
GYNjECEI'A, Gyucp.ci'a, Oynepce'a, from yvvi),
yvvattcos, ' a woman.' The catamenia ; — llie locliia.
The diseases of women in general. — Hippocrates,
Galen, Foesius.
GYNyECEUM, Antimonium, Vulva.
GYNjECE'US, from ywn, ywatKo;, 'a woman.'
Belonging to women. Female. Feminine.
GYN^CIA. Gyna;ceia, Menses.
GYNyECOLOG"IA, Gynecol'nyy, from yvv),,
yvvaiKof, 'a woman,' and \oyoi, 'a descripiioii.'
The doctrine of the nature, diseases, Ac. of
women.
GYNjECOMA'NTA, from yvvrj, ywaiKot, 'wo-
man,' and fiavta, 'mania,' 'rage.' That species
of insanity, wliich arises from love for woiiuni.
Some have used the word synonyniuusly with
nymphomania.
GYNiECOMAZIA, see Gynoccomastu.«.
GYN^COMAS'TUS, Gynctvomns'thus, from
yvvri, yvvniKOi, 'woman,' and ^uaroj, 'a tirca.^t.'
A man whose breasts are as large as those of a
woman. — Galen, Ingrassias. The condition is
called Gynecoma'zia.
A considerable enlargement of the breasts of a
female was formerly called Gi/nacomus'ti/n.
GYN.ECO.MYS'TAX, froin' ywv, yvyaiKoi, 'wo-
man, and fiviTTa^, 'the beard.' The hair on the
pubes of women. — Rolfink.
GYNJECOPllO'NUS, from yuvv, yvvatxoi, 'wo-
man,' and ^wvn, 'voice.' A man who has an
effeminate voice.
GYNANDRIA, Hermaphrodeity.
GYNANDROP'SIS PENTAPllYL'LA, Clan'.
ne pentaphyl'In. Ord. Capparidacea; ; an indi-
genous plant, is possessed of diaphoretic pro))er-
ties. The juice alone, or mixed with oil, has boon
used in earache.
GYNANDRUS, Gynanthropus.
GYNANTIHIO'PUS, Gynan'dms. An her-
maphrodite who belongs more to the male than
to the female sex.
GYNATRE'SIA, from ywrj, 'a woman,' and
arpriTo;, ' imperforate.' Closure or imjierforation
of the external parts of generation of the female.
GYNB. Female, Woman.
GYNECOLOGY, Gynacologia.
GYNIDA, Herma|)hrodite.
GYNOARIUM, Ovarium.
GYNOCARDIA ODORATA, Chaulmongra.
GYNOPLAS'TIC, Gynoplas'ticus, from yvir,,
' a woman,' and TrXaoaw, ' I form.' The gynojila.*-
tic operation is employed for opening or dilating
the closed or contracted genital openings of tbo
female.
GYPSY'-WEED, Lycopus sinuatus, and L.Vir-
ginicus.
GYRI CEREBRI, Convolutions (cerebral,) —
g. Cochleae, Scalae of the Cochlea — g. Intesli-
nales, see Anse.
GYROMIA VIRGINICA, Medeola Virginica.
GYROPHLE, see Eugenia caryophyllata.
GYROPHORA, sec Tripe de Roche.
GYRUS, Convolution — g. Intestinalis, Anse
intestinale.
GYRUS FORNICA'TUS, 'Arched convolu-
tion.' Fillet of the corpus callosnm. A large con-
volution of the brain, which lies horizontally on
the corpus callosum, and may be traced forwards
and backwards to the base of the brain, termi-
nating by each extremity at the fissure of Syl-
vius. The surface of the hemisphere, where it
comes in contact with the corpus callosum, is
bounded by it.
GYTLING, Infans.
HABBERING
43 9
H^EMATANGIONOSUS
H.
IIAEBERINO, Balbuties.
1IAI3-EL-KALIMBAT, Pistacia terebinthus.
llAIiBI, Ilagenia Abyssinica.
lIAl!i5LIN(i, Balbuties.
HAHE'NA. A Bridle, Tel'nmon. A b.and.age
for uiiilirij^ the lips of wounds ; which, in uiany
instances, replaced the suture. — (Jalen.
IIABKN^ OF THE PINEAL GLAND, see
Pineal (iland.
ILXHKNULiE OF THE PINEAL GLAND,
see Pineal Gland.
HABIL'LA DE CARTHAGE'NA, Bejuio,
C(irlh(i;/''itn IJctm, (F.) Fene de Carth(i(/hie. A
kind of bean of South America, famed as an ef-
fectual antidote for the poison of all serpents, if a
small ((uantity be eaten immediately.
HABIT, Jfdbitu'do, from habere, hahitum, ' to
have or to hold;' Ammetu'do, Mos, Unns, Citiimie-
tii'do, Etlio", 'e^is, Hejcia, Ethmoe'yiie, (F.) Habi-
tude, Accdutiitnance. Habit is tlie aptitude for
repeating certain acts: — or, a facility, which re-
sults from the frequent repetition of the same act.
It is, according to vulgar expression, 'a second
nature.' Habit may predispose to certain dis-
eases, or it may protect against them. It ought
not to be lost sight of, in attending to the pro-
gress of disease, or of its treatment.
Habit of Bony, CoHititH'tio, Hab'itttn, H. Cor'-
'pririn, CatitH'taniH, HexiH, Epijihani'a, (F.) Habi-
tude exterieure, Habitude dii corps. The aggre-
gate of the physical qualities of the human body.
HAniTUDE, Habit — /i. da Corps, Habit of
body — h. E.rtirieiire, Habit of body.
HABITUDO, Habit.
HABITUS, Habit of body — h. Apoplecticus,
Apoplectic habit — h. Corporis, Habit of body — h.
Quadratus, see Apoplectio — h. Torosus, see Apo-
plectic.
H.ABROiMA'NIA, from 'aBpo;, 'gay,' and iiavta,
'ninnia.' Insanity in which the delusions are of
a. gay character.
HACHICH, see Bangue.
HACIIISCH, Bangue.
HACKBERKY, Celtis occidentalis, Prunus
padus.
HADDOCK, see Oleum jeeoris aselli.
HiEMA, 'ui/ia, 'aiijaros, ' blood.'
HyEMACHROINE, Hocmatine.
HiEMACHRO'SES, ( (G.) Hiimachrosen,)
from Affmo, and p^poiiric, 'coloration.' A family
of diseases in which the blood has its colour dif-
ferent from usual, as in purpura and cyanosis. —
Puchs.
ILE.VIACY'ANIN, from hcema, and Kvavos,
'blue.' A blue colouring matter, detected by San-
son in healthy blood, and in bile by some che-
mists, but not by others.
HiEMADON'bsUS, from hmma, and voaos, 'a
disease.' HcBinatangion' oaus, Hmmatangionti'sns,
Hcpmiitaiigiii'sin. Disease of the blood-vessels.
H;EMAD0ST0'SIS, from hama, and ootwgiu
'a bony tumour.' Ossification of the blood-ves-
sels.
H.EMADRO.ArOMETER, Hasmodromometer.
H.EM A DY.XAMETER, Ha^madynamometer.
ILEMADYNAM'ICS, (F.) Hemadyu(in,iq„e,
from hiriint. and ^vvaini, 'power.' The mechanical
iLeory of the circulation of the blood.
n .i: II A D Y N A M 0 M'E TER, Hmmatodyna.
mom'eter, Hasmadyiiam'eter, HcBiiioiu'eter, Hap.ma-
tom'eter, (F.) Hemadynnmetre, Hemometre ; from
hcema, Swa/iii, 'power,' and jitTpov, 'a measure.'
An instrument for measuring the force of the
blood in the vessels. It consists of a bent glass
tube, the lower bent part of which is filled with
mercury. A brass head is fitted into the artery,
and a solution of carbofiate of soda is interposed
between the mercury and the blood, which is al-
lowed to enter the tube for the purpose of pre-
venting its coagulation. The pressure of the
blood on the mercury in the descending portion
of the bent tube causes the metal to rise in the
ascending portion; and the degree to which it;
rises indicates the pressure under which the
blood moves.
H^.MAGASTER, Haematogaster.
HiEMAGASTRIC PESTILENCE, Fever,
yellow.
H^MAGOGUM, Paeonia.
HiEMAGO'GUS, from ha:ma, and ayt^, 'I
drive otF.' A medicine which promotes the men-
strual and hemorrhoidal discharges.
HiEMAL, from hcBina. Relating to the blood
or blood-vessels.
H^MAL Arch. The arch formed by the pro-
jections anteriorly of the ribs and sternum from
the bodies of the vertebrae. It encloses the great
blood-vessels. — Owen.
HAEMAL Axis, Aorta — h. Spine, Sternum.
HiEMALOPIA, Hemophthalmi.a, Hu;malopis.
HyEMALOPIS, Hwmophthalmia.
HiEMALOPS, Hffimophthalmia.
HiEMAN'THUS COCCI N'E US. A beautiful
South African plant, Nat. Ord. Amaryllidea;, the
bulb of which is employed as a diuretic. It is
given as an o.xymel in asthma and dropsy. The
fresh leaves are antiseptic, and applied to foul,
flabby ulcers, and in anthrax.
HiEMAPERITONIRRHAG"IA, (F.) Hema-
p^ritonirrhagie ; from hmma, neptrovaiov, ' peri-
toneum,'and payri, 'a violent rupture.' An ex-
halation of blood into the peritoneum.
HiEMAPH^'IN, Hamatophcp.'um, llcemnphce'-
um, from hcBriia, and 0aiof, 'of a dusky colour.'
A term applied by Simon to the brown colouring
matter of the blood, supposed by some to be no-
thing more than hajmatin modified by an alkali.
H^MAPH'OBUS, Hamoph'obuf, from ha-ma,
and (j)olioi, 'dread.' One who has a dread of
blood : — who cannot look at it without fainting.
HiEMAPOPHYSES, Costal cartilages, see
Costa.
l\M'SlA.VO'R'\A.,H<Bmatapor'ia,H(ematopor'in,
OlifjohcB'mia, Oligm'mia, from hcBina, and anocoi,
' poor.' Paucity of blood. See Anaemia.
H^MAPTYSIS, Haemoptysis.
H^MAS, 'atfias, gcu. 'ai/xaSoi. A blood-vessel
H^M ASTATIC A, Itematostatica.
H.^MASTAT'ICS, Hcemastat'ice, from hama,
and oTaTiKT), 'statics.' The ."statics of the blood
and blood-vessels ; Hemastat'ics.
HJiMATANAGOGE, H»matemesis.
H ^ M A T A L'L 0 S COPY, HamataUoscop'ia,
from hasma, aWotos, 'different,' and a/coirtiv, 'to
view.' The mode of distinguishing different kinds
of blood from each other. — Toddei.
U^MATANGIONOSUS, Uamadonosus.
H.EMATANGIOSIS
440
lI.EMATODES
H^'EMATAXGTOSIS, Hacmadonosus.
H/EMATAPOllIA, Hannaporia.
II^EMATAPOllRHOSIS, Cholera.
IliEMATAPOSTE'MA, from limmn, and ajroer-
Tinia, ' an abscess.' An abscess which contains
bl.x.d.
II^EMATAULICA, Vascular system.
HiEMATEC'LYSIS, Ihemotex'ln, Ha-mntex'is,
lioimdtiil' ijiIk, HcBmatosep'sin, Snti'ijitinis dinsola'-
ii'i; from ha-nia, and ckXvch, 'loosening.' Disso-
lution of the blood.
H^EMATEL/EUM, see Blood.
H^MATEM'ESIS, from hama, and eixco),'!
vomit.' H(pniorrliii'r/if> Nwrniitetu'enin, Vom'itus
criieii'tiis, Willi' it 1(1 seu Vomit" io Siin'gninin, Gos-
trorrh('(/"ifi, tfantro-hcBiiiorrkdy" i<t. Hcpiii<iirha(j"-
in veiitiic' itli , Hceniorrhie'a rentric'nli, Ho'.matn-
viigo'ije, Vomitinij of Blood, (F.) Hemateiiiese, Vo-
wiiicmeiit de hiukj. Ha'uiatenicsis is fjenerally
preceded by a feeling of oppression, weight, and
dull or pungent pain in the epigastric and in the
bypochondriac regions; by anxiety, and, occa-
sionally, by syncope. Blood is then passed by
vomiting, and sometimes, also, by stool, — the blood
being generally of a grunious aspect, llaemate-
niesis may be active or passive, acute or chronic.
The blood effused proceeds from rupture of vessel,
or from a sanguineous exhalation at the sur-
face of the mucous membrane of the stomach.
It is often observed in females whose menstrual
secretion is irregularlj' performed. It is not of
much danger, except when connected with dis-
ease of some of the solid viscera of the abdomen.
On dissection of those who have died from pro-
tracted hijematemesis, — for the acute kind is com-
paratively devoid of danger, — the mucous mem-
brane of the stomach is found red and inflamed,
or black, and the vessels considerably dilated.
Complete abstinence from food; rest; the hori-
zontal posture ; bleeding, if the hemorrhage be
active : cold, acidulous drinks, &c., constitute the
usual treatment.
HiEMATENCEPHALUM, Apoplexy.
H^EMATEPAGOGE, Congestion.
HiEMATERA, Hepatirrhoea.
H^MATERUS, Sanguine.
H/EMATERYTURUM, Haematin.
IliEMATEXOSTOSIS, Osteosarcoma.
II^MATIIIDROSIS, Sudor cruentus.
ILEMATHORAX, Hismatothorax.
HEMATIC, Sanguine — b. Crystals, Hasma-
toidin.
HiEMATIASIS, Haematonosus.
IIjEMAT'ICA, from hcema. Diseases of the
sanguineous function: — the third class in the
nosology of Good. Also, medicines that act on
the blood. — Pereira.
H.EMATICA DocTHiNA, Iltematology.
H/EMATICUS, Sanguine.
II^EMATIDROSIS, Sudor cruentus.
HiE'MATIN, HcBiiiati'iia, Hem'atine, Ha'ma-
Inxiii, fiem'atosiiie, IfcBnuiter'ythrum, Hasmer'y-
tlirnm, Zoohein'otiH, Hemachio' In, Hematocro'ine,
Gll'ddliie, Plive' nodi lie, Pliw'niciiie, Hwmato-
cliro'lte, Cru'orin, linhrin, Gloh'uliii of some;
Rouge du Snng ; from hamn. The red colouring
matter of the blood. It resides in distinct parti-
cles or globules, and, in the opinion of some ob-
servers, in the envelope of the globules. It ap-
pears to be of a peculiar character, and one that
lias not yet been determined by the chemist.
That the colour of the blood is not owing to the
pe-roxide of iron which it contains is shown by
the fact mentioned by Scherer, that he removed
the iron by acids, and yet a deep red tincture was
formed when alcohol was added to the residuum.
IliEMATIX'IC, Jfaiiialiii'Iciis : from Iwuwtin,
'the red colouring matter of the lilood.' An ngenl
that augments the number of red corpuscles of the
blood .^ — Pereira.
ILEMATIMC CRYSTALS, Ihvmatoidin.
1iJ':MATI>; US, Sanguine.
ILEMATIS'CJIESIS, JJcennVchesis, JJcemo.
cfyjih'iit, from hama, and (<tx"''> ' '" ."suppress.'
The retention or suppression of a natural or arti-
ficial flow of blood.
ll^EMATISMUS, Epistaxis, Ila-morrhagia.
lliEMATISTII'MUS, from hann,, and loflfioj,
'pharynx.' Heniorrhage into the pharynx.
II^.MATI'TES,//o>mf/^/'//«, from 'ui//u, 'blood,'
Resembling blood. Lnpls Ha-niatl'ttii. A beau-
tiful ore of iron, called also, liloodstoiic, O'chieit
rubra, Ox'ydiim fer'ricum cri/uialliza'tiim mili'.
viim, Ferriini HaBinntlteB. When finely levigated,
and freed from the grosser parts, by frequent
washings with water, it has been hjng recom-
mended in hemorrhage, fluxes, uterine obstruc-
tions, (fee, in doses of from one scruple to three or
four. Also, a vessel that contains blood, 'ai^art-
Tii 41)11.^.
II^EMATMUS, Gaz sanguinis.
II^MATOCATIIAR'TICA, from h(Fmn, and
KaSapats, ' ])urification or purgation.' Keuiedies
for purifying the blood.
lliEMATOCE'LE, from 'ai^a, 'atjiaTo;, 'blood,'
and Kr)\ri, 'tumour.' A tumour formed by blood.
By some, this term has been applied to a tumour
formed by blood, effused into the areolar tcxtnre
of the scrotum. Others have used it fur tumours
arising from effusion of blood into the tunica va-
ginalis:— haematocele, according to them, differ-
ing from hydrocele, only in the character of the
eti'usion. — Heister. Others, again, have applied
it to effusions of blood into the interior of the
tunica albuginea itself. — Richter. The first is
the usual acceptation. It is most commonly
caused by wounds or contusions ; and reijuires
the use of antiphlogistics, discutients, Ac. Some-
times it is necessarj'to evacuate the effused blood.
II^.MATOCELE AiJTBinosA, Aneurism.
IItEMATOCEPH'ALUS, (F.) Hematocephnle.
A monster in which an effusion of blood on the
brain has given occasion to more or less singular
deformities.
H^MATO-CEREBRIFORM DISEASE, En-
cephaloid.
H^MATOCIIE'ZIA, from liama, and ;^£ja), 'I
go to stool.' Sedes cruen'ta, (Jntiirrliex' in vera,
Eiiterorrhfi(j"ia simplex, Diarrhre'u cruenfa seU
s(tiigiiiiioleii't<t,H(s'iii<itti-diarrIi(e'<i,Htr.i>i»^rh(i(/"-
ia iiitestiiio'rum, En'tero-li<Eniorih(i<j"iii, (F.) Hi-
morrliuijie den intestins, Econlement de sang par
I'liitestin. Discharge of blood by stool. See
Melsena.
Il^MATOCIIROiTE, Ilicmatin.
lliEMATOClIYSIS, H»morrhagia.
IIiEMATOC(E'LIA, from htsma, and xoiXia,
'the cavity of the abdomen.' Efl'usion of blood
into the abdomen.
H^MATOCOL'PUS, from hama, and KoUoi,
' vagina.' Effusion of blood into the vagina.
Accumulation of blood, owing to occlusion of the
vagina.
II^EMATOCRYSTALLTN, IlEematoidin.
H^MATOCYANOPATIIIA, Cyanopathy.
II^MATOCYANOSIS, Cyanopathy.
IliEMATOCYSTE, llicmatoina saccatum.
IliE.MATOCYST'IS, from hu'in't, and xuanj,
'bladder.' Hemorrhage into the bladder.
HiEMATO'DES, HamntoVden, Smignin'eut,
Hcb' niatoid, Hem'atold, from hegmn, and ctio{,
' appearance.' That which contains blood, or has
the character of blood.
lI.EMATODIARRIKEA
441
n.EMATORRHCEA
IIvKMATODES FuNOCS, Hamntomy'cen, Fi(ngns
Cdiicro'iitu /icBiiKito'den, Melee' na/iint/n' Ha carciiio'-
ilcH, Atii/Klioxjjoii't/iiH, Aiiyioiiii/'ces, llminatoHpoii'-
(jiiH, Tumor fiiiiijii'HHH Kaiir/tiiu'eiiH seu aiiom'dlns,
t'lircino'iiKi J/fKiiKito'ileH, C'drciiin'nia Sji'iiij/io'-
niiin, S/jiiii'</oid iitjlnintnntlon, l'ulj)i/ or Med'ul-
buij Snrcu'iiia, IlUfdiu') Fiiikjhh, Soft Cuncer, (F.)
Ciirciii/tiin: naiKj/iiiit, IIeni((t(iii(:i'e/oii;/o'ide. An ex-
tremuly aliiriiiiiig carcinomatous afffction, which
was first described, with accuracy, by Mr. John
liiirns, of GliiHgow. It consists in the devehi|)-
liient of cancerous tumours, in which the inthiui-
iiialion is accompanied with violent heat and pain,
and witli fungus and bleeding excrescences. Even
when the diseased part is extirpated at a very
c:irly period, recovery rarely follows ; other or-
fjans being generally implicated at the same time.
I'ungus hiematodes was the term fir.^t applied to
the disease by Mr. Hey of Leeds. Mr. J. Burns
called it Spmiyoid injluinmatiun, from the spongy,
clastic feel, which peculiarly characterizes it, and
continues even after ulceration has taken place.
The disease has, most frequently, been met with
in the eyel)all, the upper and lower extremities,
testicle and mamma; but it occurs in the uterus,
ovary, liver, si)leen, brain, lungs, thyroid gland,
and in the hi[) and shoulder-joint.
Some French surgeons designate, by this name,
tliose tumours which were formerly termed onor-
vi'dvs, citVfriieuxKx, vnrlqneutee, called Erectilea
by Dupuytren, Hematunciea, by Alibert, and Te-
liiiiij!ettiini(B by Gr'afe.
lliEMATODIARKHCEA, ITrematochezia.
ILEMATODYNAMOMETEU,II;cmadynamo-
meter.
H/EMATOaASTER. from hcBinn, and yaarnp,
'stomach.' Effusion of blood into the stomach.
II^P^MATOGENETICA, IliBmatopoetica.
II^MATOGLOBULIN, see Globules of the
blood.
H.EMATOGRA'PIirA, Hamatof/'rapJn/, from
hremn, and youtpii, 'a description.' A description
of the blood.
II/EMATOID, Ilajmatodes.
ILEMATOID'IN, Hwrnntncryn'talUn, HcBmn-
tia'ic, hcpmiitip, hmmin or b/ood crystals, (F.)
Hi'niiitindhie, Crystnux d' ffemafhie. A substance
found in the midst, or in the vicinity, of efl'usions
of blood, which is either in amorphous masses,
or, more frequently, in minute rhomboidal crys-
tals, or in line needles. It is considered to be
lii'matosin separated from the globules of the
blood, and passed from the state of a non-crystal-
lizablo organic substance to one of a crystalline
chemical compound.
H ,E M ATOL'OG Y, HemnUd'ogy, IT(Bmafolog"!a,
IftriiKtt'icn doclri'na, (¥.)Hctnat(jti>i)ie, from licBiiia,
and \oyu<, 'a discourse.' That part of medicine
which treats of the blood.
n,K\rAroi.ofjy, Patholog"ical, (F.) Hemntolo-
gie p(((hol(i(/ii[iie. Observation of the blood to
detect its varying characters in disease.
H.'EMATOL'YSES, (G.) H a m atoly s e n,
from hcpnin, and Aditk, 'solution.' An order of
diseases in which tlicie is diminished coagulabi-
lity of the blood.— Fuchs.
ir.EMATOLYSIS. Ilivjmateclysis.
II.EMATOLYTICUM. Spaniemic.
II.E!\IAT0'M.\, ThroDibim, Tumor sangui'n'eiis.
A bloody tumour, especially of the scalp of the
Uew-born.
II.t;MA.To'sfA Sacca'tum. An encysted tumour
Containing blood — Harndtorys'le.
H.EMATOMANTI'A, from haemn, and ^avrua,
'divination.' Judgment of disease from the ap-
pearance of the blood.
UJE.MATOMATRA, Metrorrhagia.
I H^MATOMETACHYSIS, Transfusio san-
guinis.
HiEMATOMETRA, Metrorrhagia.
HyEMATOMMA, Huemophthalmia.
H^EMATOMPIIALOCE ' LE, Hcematom'pha-
lioii, Hcpiinttoiiijihn'lus, from hanta, OfiipoKoi, 'the
navel,' and K-n\r), 'a tumour.' Umbilical hernia,
the sac of which encloses a bloody serum, or
which has, at its surface, a number of varicose
veins; constituting Vnricum'phalits.
H^EMATOMPHALUJI, Ilajmatomphalocele.
H^EMATOMYCES, lliuraatodes fungus.
HyEMATON'CUS, (F.)//<'ma^oHc;«, from Jicema,
and oy<os, 'a tumour.' Alibert has given this
name to NcBvi mutf.r'ni, Varicose tumours. He
admits three varieties: — the H. fomjo'ide, H.
framboisee, and H. tubereuse.
H^^MATON'OSUS, Ilamnti'asis, Hwmatnpa-
thi'u, Hoiiuvpathi'a, from ficenta, and vuaog, 'dis-
ease.' A disease of the blood. A hteiaie or
blood-disease.
IlyEMATOPATHIA, Hajmatonosus.
HyEMATOPEDESIS, see Diapedesis.
H lE M A T 0 P E R I C A R'D I U M, from hcema,
and 7r£p(ica,;(5(ov, 'pericardium.' Effusion of blood
into the pericardium.
HiEMATOPII^UM, Hjemaphaiin.
ILEMATOPHIL'IA, HaemophiVia, Hamorrho-
phil'ii(,/diosyiicra'sialia:>iiiirrhag"ica, from hcenia,
and 0iA£w, ' I love.' A hemorrhagic diathesis.
HJ^.MATOPIILEBES'TASIS. Sudden sup-
pression of a hemorrhage; — from arnat; 'aifiaros
0A£/?wv, 'suppression of the blood of the veins.' —
Galen.
H^MATOPHOB'TA, Ihemophob'ia, from hce-
mo, and 0o/Jo?, 'dread.' Dread or horror at the
sight of blood, producing syncope, <fec.
H^.MATOPHTHALMIA, Hiemophthalmia.
HiEMATOPH'TIIORES, (G.) Hamatoph-
thoren; from hcBiua, and (^dopa, 'corruption.'
An order of diseases in the classification of Fuchs,
in which the blood is materially altered in com-
position, as in typhus.
HiEMATOP'ISIS, (F.) Hemntopisie. M. Ca-
puron, of Paris, has applied the term Beniatopisie
uteriue, from analogy with Hydmplsie uterine, to
a. collection of blood which sometimes takes place
in the uterus, when, owing to faulty conforma-
tion, the exit of the menstrual flux is prevented.
H^MATOPLA'NIA, Ilamntophme'sis, from
hamn, and nXavri, 'wandering.' A vicarious he-
morrhage.
HjEmatoplania Menstrualis, Menstruation,
vicarious.
H^MATOPLASMA, Liquor sanguinis.
H^MATOPLETHORA, Plethora.
H.EMATOP(EA. Hasmatopoetica.
H/EMATOPOESIS, IlKmatosis.
HiEMATOPOET'ICA, Hcemntopce'n, Hamato-
getiet'icn, ' bloodmakers,' from hcema, and Tzotiia,
'I make.' Agents that favour hismatosis. Iron
was called by the ancients metal'luui hesmatopoet'-
icnm,
H^MATOPOIESIS, Haematosis.
H^MATOPORIA, Hwmaporia.
H^EMATOPS, Hajmophthalraia.
H^EMATOPSIA, llKmophthnlmia.
HiEMATOPTYSIA, Haemoptysis.
H.EMATOPTYSIS, Hemoptysis.
HiEMATORRHACHIS, Apoplexia myelitica.
H^EMATORRHAGIA, Hicmorrhagia.
H^EMATORRIICEA, Uxmorrhugia.
HiEMATORRHOSIS
4 42
IliEMOMETRECTASIA
H.EMATORRIIOSIS, Cholera.
IL'I'iMATORRHYSlS, llxmorrhngia.
H-:EMAT0SCIIE0CE'LE,//ffimosc/tcoce7e,2?<E-
mntox'clieiiin, from hmma, oaxi-ov, 'scrotum,' and
(C17X17, 'rupture.' Effusion of blood into the scro-
tum.
IIJilMATOSCHEUM, Hsematoscheocele.
IliEMATOSCOP'IA, Hcenwxcop'ia, (F.) Hemor-
rJiomopie, from ha;i}ia, and er/forta), ' I view.' An
examination of blood drawn.
H/EMATOSEl'SIS, Ilaematcclysis.
IlyEMATOSIN, Ha;matin.
H^EMATO'SIS, ExcBiitato'sis, EnhcBmato'sis,
H(Bi»atnpi>ie'iii&, Hamalopoe'sis, Procrea'tio san-
guinis, Decarhoniza' tion or AtnwHphei'iza' tioii of
the blood, Sunguifica'tion ; from liama. The
traufforraation of the venous blood and chyle
into arterial blood by respiration. Called, also,
Aei-iitian, 'AwA Artcrializu'tion, of the blood. For-
mation of blood in general.
H/EMATOSPILIA, Purpura haemorrhagica.
H-EMATOSPONGUS, Ha;matodes fungus.
liiEMATOSTAT'ICA, from hesitin, and araTiKn,
'statics.' hchfE'iiiia, IIcBiiinHtat'ica, I/cBimttostat'-
ics, HaimoHtril'icK, HeiXKtoxtiit'ics, Hv/iiontat' icn,
EiKB'ina, (F.) lIciiKitontotiques, Hemaetriliqiies,
MSmostatiquen. The doctrine of the motion of
the blood in living bodies. Also, remedies for
stopping blood. Styptics.
HiEMATOS'TEON, from hcBuin, and oittcov, 'a
bone.' Etfiision of blood into the bones or joints.
II .EMATOSYM PHORESIS, Congestion.
IliEMATOSYNAGOGE, Congestion.
II^-MATOTELANGIOSIS, Telangiectasia.
IliEMATOTHO'RAX, Iftsmctho'rax, Hcemo-
iho'rctx, HeBDiop'ti/sis intcr'iia, Pleiirorrhoe'it ean-
giiin'en,Pleuror7-h(ig" i<i,Piieiitiiorrhnj"'i(i inter' na,
JIemorrhti(/"ic Ph.ii' liny. Pleural hem'orrhaije,
from hceiiia, and 6wpa|, 'the chest.' Extravasa-
tion of blood into the chest.
H^MATOXYLON, II. Campechianum.
HiEMATOX'YLON CAMPECHIA'NUM,
from hwiiia, and ^vXov, ' wood.' Aca'cia Zeylon'ica,
Logwodd. The part of the tree used in medicine
is the wood, HcBtnatox'nU Lignum, Lignum Cam-
pechen'se seu Campechia'num seu Catiipesca'inim
seu lu'dicmn seu Snppnn seu Brasilia'num ru-
brum seu cmrn'lenin, IIcBmatox'yl'in (Ph. U. S.),
(F.) Bois de Campc.che. Family, Leguminos.T3.
Sex. Synt. Deeandria Monogynia. Logwood is
almost inodorous; of a sweetish, subastringent
taste; and deep red colour. Its virtues are ex-
tracted both by water and alcohol. It is astrin-
gent and tonic, and is used in the protracted
stage of diarrhoea and dysentery.
ILEMATOZO'A, (F.) BSmafozonires, from
hcBma, and ^uiov, 'animal.' Entozoain the blood.
H.^MATURESIS, Ilaematuria.
H^MATU'RIA, Hmmnture'xiH, from hama,
and ovftiai, '1 make urine.' Voiding of blood by
urine. Hamorrhtufin hmmatu'ria, H. c.r viis
icrinn'riis, HcRmure' sis, Hmmu'ria, 3/ictio Cruen'ta
seu Sanguiii'ea, 3tii:tua Cruen'tus seu Sanguineus,
Hmmori-hte.'a via'rum nrinaria'rum, Sanguis in
Uri'na, Bloody urine, (P.) Piesement de Sang,
Hematurie. Hemorrhage from the mucous mem-
brane of the urinary passages. Like other he-
morrhages, it may be active or passive. It may
proceed from the kidneys, Nephr<emorrhag"ia,
bladder, or urethra. The essential symptoms
are: — blood, evacuated by the urethra; preceded
by pain in the region of the bladder or kidneys,
and accompa'nicd by faintness. Whenccsoever
it proceeds, bjematuria usually takes place by
exhalation. Rupture of vessels is by no means I
common in the mucous membrane.''. Avtire ha.
maluria requii'os general or local blood-loltiiig;
diluent and cooling drinks; alisolulc res( ; mid
the horizontal posture. The chronic kind \a
more troublesome. It requires acidulated or
aluminous drinks; chalybeates and tonics in
general. When haematuria is excessive, cold
injections may be thrown into the rectum or into
the vagina of women, and topical applications be
made to the perinaum.
HjEMATURIA CvsriCA, Cystorrhagia — h. Ejacu-
latoria, Spertnatot^ystidorrhagia — h. Seniinalia,
Spermatocystidorrhagia — h. Stillatilia, Uretliror-
rhagia.
HvEMATUS, from hcemn, and out, gen. uroj,
'the ear.' Effusion of blood into the ear.
lI.EMAXIS, Blood-letting.
II/EMEXCEPHALUS, Apoplexy.
H^<;MEXD0CAR'I)1UM, (F.) IL'meudocarrle,
from hcema, and 'endocardium,' the lining iiu-ui-
brane of the heart. Inflammation of the lining
membrane of the heart.
HyEMERYTHRUM, II»matin.
H^iEMlC, I/w'micus, from hainia, 'blood.' Re-
lating or appertaining to blood; as a "ha;iiii(j
disease," — a blood disease.
HyEMIDROSIS, see Diapedesis.
H.^.MIN CRYSTALS, see Ilajmatoidin.
H^MLSCHESIS, Hicmatischesis.
HiEMI'TIS, from 'ai//a, 'blood,' and itis, a
suffix denoting inflammation. Inflammation of
the blood. (P.) Hemite. The alteration of tho
blood that occurs in inflammatory diseases. —
Piorry.
HiEMO-ARTHRITIS, Rheumatism (acute).
II^EM0CARD10RRHAG"IA, //a»)ocn,'(//Hm,
Apoplex'ia cordis. Apoplexy of the heart, (F.)
Hemorrhagic ou A^wplexie dn Coeur, lUinocnrde,
from hcBma, Kap6ia, 'the heart,' and 'pnyvu/it, ' 1
break forth.' Eh'usion of blood into the substance
of the heart.
H^EMOCARDIUM, Hsemocardiorrhagia.
II^.MOCERCH'NOS. This term has received
two acceptations, owing to the different senses
in which Kip)(^voi is emplojed; signifying, fome-
times, hissing; .at others, dry. Consequently,
the Hellenists have translated the compound
word, at times, by spitting of blood, with hissing
in the throat; at others, by evacuation of dry
matters.
HiEMOCRYPHIA, IlEematischesis.
HiEMODES, Sanguine.
HiEMO'DIA, Hamodias'mus, Ihmo'dia, He-
betu'do seu Stupor Den'tium, from 'ainuitw, ('ai//a,
'blood,' and oSovs, 'tooth,') 'I have pain in the
teeth.' Pain in the teeth, and more ci^pecially
Agacemcnt, or the setting on edge of those bodies
by acid or acerb substances. It is also called
Odon'tia Stupo'ris, OdontaVgia hamo'dia. Dolor
den'tium d strido're, Gataplcx'is, Odontamblyug'-
mus, Odonlhyperasthe'sis, Tooth-edge.
HiEMODIASMUS, llaemodia.
H^MODROMOM'ETER, Hamodromom'eler,
from hcBnia, ijiofxog, 'course,' and ptcTpov. 'a mea-
sure.' An instrument for measuring the rate of
the blood's movement. It consists of a glass
tube, 52 inches long, containing water, bent into
the form of a hair-pin, which is substituted for a
segment of the bloodvessel, the velocity of tlio
blood in which it is required to measure. The
column of blood, which comes from the heart,
pushes the column of water before it, ami thus
enables the velocity of the blood to be estimated.
H^EMOiDES, Sanguine.
IliEMOiMETRECTA'SIA, from hama, (irirpa,
lI.EMOPATIIIA
443
H^MORRHAGIA
'uterus,' and eKraan, 'dilatation.' Dilatation of
the womi) from ''hr d.
IL'E.MOPATIIIA, lliBmntonosus.
lliE.MOl'KRICAR'DIUM, Pericirdi'th exm-
ddlo'rid, (F.j Hemojjericarde, from 'aifta, 'blood,'
and pciiiardium. Eflusion of blood into the
puricurdiuin.
H^EMOPERITON^'UM, from hama, and
iteiiiTov<uoi, ' pcritoueuiu.' Effusion of blood into
the pcritonoum.
HAiMOl'EX'I^, (G.) II ii ni o p e X i e n , from
Itmma, and 7rf;f(f, 'coagulation.' An order of
disuiL-^es in which there is increased coagulabi-
lity of the blood. — Ilyperiiio'aia van'yuinia. —
Fiichs.
IliEMOPIIEUM, Ilaemaphein.
II/EMOl'IIILIA, IhL-matopliilia.
liyh;M0PII01iIA, Ilisumatophobia.
ILEMOPIITIIAL ' MIA, IJai.iatophthal' min,
JlcEiiifitdp'nid, from JxBiiKi, and o^tjQaXjioi, 'eye.'
}/(B>ii((lo'pia, II(Bmal<i'j)in, H(b' iiidlopi, Hijjjcb' iiila
seu Apiiplex'ia oc'iili. Effusion of blood into the
eye. When the e.\travasation is external, it is
called Haiiii(>2>hth<il'mia exier'ua, Hi/posj)h'i;/'nia
and HamnldpH exteriiHs ; when internal, HfEmoph-
tliid'mia ititer'iia, Hijdrophthfd'iiiHS crnen'tiiD, IIij-
pijcli'i/nin hcBinato'dex, Hainatom'ma, and Uas'ina-
lops inter' iiKH. A blood-shot eye.
ILEMOPLANIA xMENSTRUALIS, Menstrua-
tion, vicarious.
HiEMOPLETIIORA, Plethora.
ILEMOPROCTIA, Iltemorrhois.
Tl/EMOPTOE, Ilremoptysis — h. Laryngea et
Trachealis, Triicheorrhagia.
HiExMO PTOSIS, IliBmoptysis.
HiEMOP'TYSIS, from heema, and 7rr«(o, 'I
Bpit.' Spittiiiy of blood, HtBinorrhag" ia HcBinop'-
tysis, N(Biiiii/j'(ijil>i, lIcBtnntoptyH'ia, HcRinntop'-
tynin, Knip'toe, Eiiiop'toe, Eitipto'ica pan'sio, HcB-
^niiptijn' iiinii, HcBinoplo'nis, iSpiilnm suny' iiiiiis seu
cruen'tiiin, San'giiiiiin Jiuor piilnto'num, Eniopto'-
icn pas'sio, llaemotiis' inus, Hamorrhte' a pulmoiia' -
lia, Orueii'ta ej.-spiii'tiu, IIcBinorrhag" ia puhno'iiis
seu broii'chicii, Pan'mo hcBtnopto'ica, Jiejec'tio
aany' uiiiih e pnliiio' iiibiix, Ejpectord'tio suny'uinie,
Pueuiiwirli(iy"ia,l'neuiiH>norr]L(iij" ia,PiieHmonor-
rhai'a, /iroiicliorrJiay" id, EinpUysis, HcBniop'toe,
(F.) Hemopti/nie, Crnchemoit de saiiy, E.tpeftora-
tiun de fitoiy, Anyiairhemie, Anyiairrhayic, Hemo-
aiiyioirrhayie. — Piorry. Hemorrhage from the
mucous membrane of the lungs; characterized
bj' the expectoration of more or less florid and
frothy blood. It is generally preceded by cough;
dyspnoea; sense of heat in the chest, &c. It is
important to discriminate between hajmoptysis,
produced by some accidental cause acting irre-
gularly or periodically on the lungs; and that
which is, as it were, constitutional, and dependent
on some organic afl'ection of the lungs, or some
faulty cont'ormation of the chest. These two
varieties differ as much in their prognosis and
method of treatment as in their causes. Consti-
tutional hajmoptysis is a serious disease, almost
always announcing phthisis pulmonalis. The ac-
cidental variety is chiefly dangerous by frequent
recurrence, or too great loss of blood.
The general causes of hajmoptysis are the same
as those of other kinds of hemorrhage. It has,
besides, particular causes; such as too great ex-
ercise of the lungs; loud speaking; playing on
wind instruments, breathing acrid vapours, &c.
It usually occurs between puberty and the age
of 155. A suilden and terrific kind of haemoptysis
is sometimes met with; consisting in a great
af&ux of blood to the lungs. This has been
called Pul'mniinry Ap'ophxy, Apoplex'ia puliiio-
Ha'lis seu pulino' Hum, PueuiuorrlMy"ia, Injure' tua
liCBmnrrTiny" icus pulmo'iutm, I. liamopto'icus Lnen-
iiec'ii, (F.) Apnplexie pnhnonaire, IJemoptysie fou-
droynntc, Hemorrhay'ie interstitielle dii Pouinon.
Infiltration of blood into the air-cells may occur
without any hsemoptysis.
Physical siyns. Percussion may not always
aid us in haemoptysis, but generally a circum-
scribed dulness will be perceived. The inspira-
tor}' murmur, on auscultation, is feeble or absent,
locally ; and is replaced by bronchial respiration
and bronchopihony. A fine liquid crepitus is de-
tected around the affected part; and in the larger
tubes, near the spine, a liquid bubbling rhonchus
is usually heard. The value of these signs is de-
termined bj' the nature of the expectoration. The
treatment of hfemoptysis must be like that of in-
ternal hemorrhage in general.
HEMOPTYSIS Interna, Hsematothorax — h. La-
ryngea et Trachealis, Tracheorrhagia — h. Phthi-
sis, Phthisis pulmonalis.
H^MOPTYSMUS, Haemoptysis.
H.EMORMESIS, Congestion, Hyperoemia.
II.EMORRHACHIS, Apoplexia myelitica.
HAEMORRHAGE, Ilwmorrhagia.
IIJEMORRHAG"IA, from Jiama, and pvyvviJi,
' I break forth.' San'yuinis pi-ojlu'viiim copio'snni,
Sanyui flux' Its, Hamutoch'ysis, Aimorrhie'a, HcB-
nwrrhce'a, ffcBmatorrhay"ia, TJtBmatis'mns, Hce-
matnrrhoe'a, Hep.nmtor'rhysis, Ilaimorr'hysis, Pro-
Jin' viuni seu Prorup'tio seu Erupt in sanyniiiiSf
Profu'sio Snny'uinis, Hern'orrhage, IJepmorrhuyp,
Bleeding, Loss of blood, Rnpttiring, bursting, or
breaking of a blood-vessel, (Prov.) Floating, (P.)
Heniorrhagie ou Hentorhagie, Pertc de sany. Flux
de sany. Any discharge of blood from vessels
destined to contain it; with or without rupture of
their coats. Hemorrhages may be spontaneous or
traumatic : the first belong to the domain of me-
dicine, the latter to that of surgery. They may,
also, be internal or external; yeneral — ^ as in
scurvy — or local. The liemorrhayes by exhalation
— those which chieily interest the physician —
have been classed, by Pinel, as follows: — 1. He-
morrhage of the 3fucous 3[embranes ; Epistaxis,
IlEemoptysis, Haematemesis, Haemorrhoids, He-
maturia, Uterine Hemorrhage. 2. Hemorrhage of
the Tissues ; Cutaneous, Cellular, Serous, Synovial.
Hemorrhages have generall.y been distinguished
into oc^/i'e and ji»(«s/()e ; in other words into those
dependent upon augmentation of the organic ac-
tions, and those dependent upon debility. Ac-
cording to Broussais, no spontaneous hemorrhage
is passive; all are active, — that is, produced by
increased action and excess of irritation of th.e
blood-vessels : they may occur with debility, but
not from debility. He calls those only passive
hemorrhages, which are owing to an external
lesion of the vessels. Hemorrhages have been,
by some, divided into cotistitutional, or those de-
pending on original conformation: — accidental,
or those produced by some adventitious cause;
supplementary, or those which succeed others;
symptomatic, critical. Sec. A secondary hemor-
rhaye is one that occurs some time after wounds
or operations.
When hemorrhage takes place into any tissue,
or is interstitial, it receives the name, with many,
of apoplexy.
Active Hemorrhage, Hemorrhag"ia acti'va sen
arterio'sa, Cauma h(Fmorrhay'icum, Angeior-
rhag"ia, occurs chiefly in the young and pletho-
ric. Good living; the use of fermented liquor — ■
excessive exercise, or too sedentary a life, may
perhaps be ranked as predisponent causes. It is
commonly preceded by heaviness and pulsation
in the part, — owing to the afflux of blood and
consequent hyperemia, — and by coldness of the
extremities. The blood, evacuated, is generally
H.EMORRIIINIA
444
n.EMORRHOIS
of a florid red. In such active hemorrhages, the
great indications of treatment will be, to dimi-
nish plethora where it exists, and to lessen the
heart's action. Bleeding, purgatives, and cold,
will be the chief agents.
Pansive Hemorrhage, H(F»iorrhng"ia panni'va
seu veuo'aa, Pnifii'isio. P. fiamorrhi(;/"ica, occurs
in tliose of weak constitution ; or who have been
di'bilitated by protracted disease, poor diet, long
watching, excessive evacuations, &c.
Tlie direct cawieii may be: — previous active
hemorrhage ; scorbutus, or any thing capable of
inducing atony or asthenic hypera.'mia of the
small vessels. These hemorrhages are not pre-
ceded by excitement or by any signs of local de-
t^'rmination. They are usually accompanied by
paleness of the countenance ; feeble pulse ; faint-
ing, <tc. The indications of treatment will be: —
to restore the action of the small vessels and the
general tone of the system : hence the utility of
styptics and cold externally ; and of tonics and
astringents, creasote, mineral acids, &c., inter-
nally. Hemorrhage also occurs from mechanical
hyperaemia, as when haemoptysis is produced by
tubercles in the lungs: ha;matemesis by disease
of S(mie of the solid viscera of the abdomen, &o.
In TroniiKitic Hemorrhages, or those which are
the consequences of wounds of arterial or venous
trunks, the blood is of a florid red colour, and
if sues by jets and pulses, if it proceed from an
artery; whilst it is of a deeper red, issues slowly
and by a continuous flow, if from a vein. If the
Ciipillary vessels be alone divided, the blood is
merely effused at the surface of the wound. Of
the means used for arresting these traumatic he-
morrhages, some act mechanically as ahsorbeniK,
ligature, and compression ; others chymically, as
Jire, caustics, ycreasofe, astringents, &c.
HvEMonRHAOiA AcTiVA Narium, Epistaxis —
h. Bronchica, Haemoptysis — h. Cerebri, Apoplexy
• — h. per Cutem, Sudor cruentus — h. per Dia?re-
sin, see Diaeresis — h. per Diapedesin, Diapedesis —
h. Faueium, Stomatorrhagia — h. Gingivarum,
TTlorrhagia — h. Haematemesis, Haematemesis — h.
Ilaematuria, Haematuria — h. Haemoptysis, Hae-
nioptysis — h. Hepatica, Ilepathaemorrhagia — h.
Ilopatis, Hepatorrhagia — h. Intestinorum, Hae-
inatochezia — h. Mucosa, see Hmmorrhois— h. Na-
bothi, see Parturition — h. Narinea, Epistaxis — h.
Narium, Epistaxis — h. Oris, Stomatorrhagia — h.
Penis, Stimatosis — h. Pulmonis, Haemoptysis — h.
I'enura, Nephrorrhagia — h. Universalis, Purpura
hicraorrhagica- -h. Uterina, Metrorrhagia — h.
Yentriculi, Haematemesis — h. Vesicae, Cystorr-
hasia.
H/EMORRHINTA. Epistaxis.
HiEMORRHINORRlIAGIA, Epistaxis.
HvEMORRHCE'A, from hama, and peo), 'I flow.'
H(P,morrhag"ia, Loss of hltmd. Some writers
have proposed to restrict this name to passive
hemorrhages.
H^MORRHfEA Petechiams, Purpura haemor-
rbiigica — h.Pulmonalis, Haemoptysis — h. Uterina,
Metrorrhagia — h. Vasorum haimorrhoidalium,
ILemorrhois — h. Ventriculi, Haematemesis — h.
Yiarum urinarium, Haematuria.
H.EMORRHOI'DAL. Hemorrhoi'dal, Haimor.
rhovia'lis, Hcemorrhoi'deus. Relating to hemor-
rhoids : as hemorrhoidal Jlux, hemorrhoidal tn-
tiiinira, <fcc.
Hkmorrhoidal Auterirs have been distin-
gnisiied into superior, middle, and inferior. 1.
The first is the termination of the inferior me-
senteric artery, which assumes the name superior
hemorrhoidal, when it reaches the upper and pos-
terior part of the rectum. 2. The middle hemor-
rhoidal is furnished by the hypogastric or inter-
Bnl pudic. It ramifies on the inferior and ante-
rior part of the rectum. 3. The inferior hemor-
rhoidal arteries are branches of the internal
imdie, furnished to the inferior part of the rectum
and to the muscles of the anus.
Hemourhoihal jS'icrvks. These emanate from
the sciatic and hypogastric plexuses ; and cover
the rectum with their numerous filaments.
Hkmorrhoidal Vki.ns follow the same distri-
bution, and generally empty themselves into the
lesser mesenteric. Some of them assist in the
formation of the hypogastric vein.
Hkmouhhoidal Vessels, Vasn aeda'Ua, are
those vessels which are distributed to the rectum
— the seat of hemorrhoids.
HiEMORRHOIDALES NODI, Hwmorrhois.
H^MORRHOIDES, see Ha-morrhois _h.
Caecae, see Ilajmorrhois — h. Fluentes, Ha-mor-
rhois— h. Furentes, see Haemorrhois — h. Maris-
cosas, Ilicmorrhois — h. non Fluentes, Hacmor-
rhois — h. Oris, Stomatorrhagia.
H^MORRIIOiDRO'SIS, from 'ai^op/joij, 'he-
morrhoids,' and 'i(5pu)(rif, 'sweating.' Sweating
of hemorrhoidal blood. [?] — Bock.
H/EMOR'RHOIS, Aimor'rho'is. Asclepiae'rnvs,
from hcBma, and pew, 'I flow.' Aimor'rois, I'roc'-
tica JIaris'ca, Maris'ea, Proctal'gia Hannorrhoi-
da'lis. Morbus Hamorrhoidalis, Piles, Em'erods,
(F.) Hemorrhoides. The essential symptoms of
this affection are: — Livid and painful tubercles
or excrescences, {Hemorrhoid' al Tomoure,) usu-
allj' attended with a discharge of mucus or blood,
( Hemorrhoid' al flux, Proctorrhie'a, Hatnioproc'tia,
Ilmmorrhoe'a vasorum hamorrhoida'liuvi, (F.)
Hemaproctie.) The most common causes of piles
are a sedentary life; accumulation of faeces in
the rectum ; violent efforts at stool ; pregnancy,
Ac. The precursory symptoms are: — pains m
the loins ; stupor of the lower limbs ; and un-
easiness in the abdomen and rectum, with more
or less gastric, cerebral, and indeed general dis-
order;— constituting the Diath'esis Hmmnrrhui-
da'lis, jifotus seu Turbu Hatmorrhoida'lis, and
3Ioli'men Hamorrhoidu'le, of most of the writers
of Continental Europe. To these symptoms fol-
low one or more round, smooth, renitent, painful,
pulsating, and erectile tumours, around the mar-
gin of the anus, or within the anus ; some pour-
ing out blood occasionally. After having re-
mained, for a time, tense and painful, they gra-
dually shrink and disappear. The chief symp-
toms, occasioned by hemorrhoidal tumours, when
much inflamed, are ; — constant pain, liable, how-
ever, to exacerbations, and to become augmented
by the least pressure, or by the passage of the
faeces, and obliging the patient to preserve the
horizontal posture.
Haamorrhoidshave generally been distinguished
into — Hamorrho'ides Flnen'tca seu Ilarisco'sa,
Proc'ticn Ifaris'cn eruen'ta, Bleeding or Open
Piles ; and into H. non flnen'tes, Proc'tica Ma-
ris'ea co'ca, Hcpmorrhoi'des ceeea: seu furen'tes,
HcEmorrhoida'les nodi. Shut or blind piles. They
have, also, been divided into internal or occult,
and external, according to their situation ; and
into accidental or constitutional.
Hemorrhoidal Tumours are extremely trouble-
some, by their disposition to frequent recurrence;
and they are apt to induce fistula; otherwise,
they are devoid of danger. When anatomically
examined, they are found not to consist in a va-
ricose dilatation of the veins of the rectum; but
to be formed of a very close, spongy, texture;
similar to that which surrounds the orifice of the
vagina; and to be erectile, like it. They are
surrounded by a delicate membrane, and have no
internal cavity. The treatment, in mild cases of
hemorrhoidal tumours, is simple. Rest; the ho-
rizontal posture; the use of mild laxatives, as
sulphur, castor oil, and emollient gly^tcrs, will
H^MORRIIOISCIIESIS
4 45
HAIR
be ?>iffi''ipnt. Tf they be much inflamed, leeches
may l>e nfiiilied : and warm cataplasms or cold
lotions, accordiiig to oircum.-tances, be yires cribed,
with abstinence, and ooling drinks. Afterwards,
an ointment, composed of powdered galls and
opium, may afford relief. It is in the relaxed
kind, that such ointment, and the internal use of
Ward'H /'(lute, can alone be expected to afford
much benefit. If, after repeated attacks, the tu-
mours remain hard and jiainful, and threaten
fistula, they may be roiiioved.
By Ht'itinrrholdtil Flux, F/nxim hamorrho'ida'-
lin. I'r(icl(iirh(irj"ia, is meant the hemorrhage
which takes place from the rectum, owing to he-
morrhoids. It is a common affection. The quan-
tity of blond discharged is various : at times, it
is very trifling; at others, sufficient to induce
great debility, and even death. It is announced
and accompanied by the same symptoms as pre-
cede and attend hemorrhoidal tumours. Like
other hemorrhages it may be active or pimnh-e ;
accidental or coiiHtitutionaL The prognosis is
rarely unfavourable. The affection may, almost
always, be relieved by properly adapted means.
These resemble such as are necessary in hemor-
rhages in general. Perfect quietude, — mental
and corporeal : light diet; cooling drinks; bleeding
if the symptoms indicate it; astringents, (if the
disease be protracted and passive,) such as the
Tiuclurd Fen-i Chlovidi ; aspersions of cold
water on the anus : astringent injections ; plug-
ging and compression. Such will be the principal
remedial agents. When the hemorrhage has be-
come habitual, or is vicarious, some caution may
be required in checking it; and, if inconvenience
arise from a sudden suppression, its return niay
be solicited by the semicupium, sitting over warm
water, aloetic purgatives, glysters, irritating sup-
positories, &c. ; or leeches may be applied to the
anus.
To the internal bleeding pile, a soft, red, straw-
berry-like elevation of the mucous membrane,
Dr. Houston, of Dublin, gives the name iy/sch/oc
tumour. For its removal he recommends the ap-
plication of nitric acid, so as to produce slough-
ing of its 'surface.
Some authors have described a species of Leii-
corrhw'n Aiia'lis or whitish discharge from the
anus, which often attends ordinary hnomorrhoids.
This they have called Proclicn niarin'ca niKca'aa,
Hmmor' iliiiis alba, HcBWorrharj" i<i miico'nn, Leu-
cor'rhn'is, &c. It requires no special mention.
The term Hemorrlioid is applied at times to
varicose veins developed elsewiiere, as at the
orifice of the uterus. See Metriumorrhoides.
H^.MOiiUHOis AB ExANiA, Proctocele — h. Pro-
cedens, Proctocele.
HiEMORRHOiS'CIIESTS, from 'aipLoppon.
'hmmiirrhoiK,' pru, 'I flow,' and io-;^£(i), 'I restrain.'
Iteteu'tio Jliixun hamori-hdidti'li^. Suppression or
retention of the hem<irrhoidal flux.
H.EMORKHOPIIE'SIS, yl/>.«,r///(o snng'iiinis,
from lifFina, and i>0(/>a(j>, ' I sip up.' Absorption
of blood.
HiEMORRIIOPIIILTA, II»matophilia.
H^MORRHOSCOPIA, Hirmatoscopia.
H/E.MORRIIYSIS, Ilicmorrbagia.
HiEMOSniEOCKLE, Ilrematoseheocele.
H^MOSCOPIA, Ilifmatoseopia.
H^MOSPASIA, see Ilftmospastic.
H^SIMOSPAS'TIC, (F.) Hemonpasiqve, from
htema, and onaoi, ' I draw.' An agent which draws
or attracts blood to a part; as a cupping-glass.
Theoperation is termed Htpmnnpu'sia, (F.) Hemns-
panie. It is generally apjilied to a process by
which the air is exhausted over a considerable
surface, as over one or more of the extremities,
bj an appropriate pneumatic apparatus.
II/EMOSTA'SIA, Hamox'tasis. Epid'fsin, fan'-
guinin Hlarjna'tlo, (F.) llhiiontanie, from licrnin,
and araaii, 'stagnation.' Stagnation of blood.
This name has, also, been given to any operation,
the ohjcct of which is to arrest the flow of blood.
HiEMOSTAT'IC. PAGLIA'RTS, Pa.jliariS
Sli/ptic, (F.) Fan de Paijliari. A .«typtic liquor,
said to be of great power, discovered by M. Pag-
liari, a pharmncien at Rome. It is composed as
follows: — Eight ounces of tincture of benzoin,
one pound of alum, and ten pounds of xrater arc
boiled together for six hours in a glazed earthen
vessel, the vaporized water being constantly re-
jjlaced by hot water, so as not to interrupt the
ebullition, and the resinous mass being kept
stirred round. The fluid is tlien filtered, and
kept in stojipered bottles. A drop of the fluid,
poured into a glass containing human blood, pro-
duces an instantaneous magma
IM-IMOSTATICS, Ha^matostatica.
II^.MOTELANOIOSIS, Telangiectasia.
H^EMOTKXIA, HtEmateclysis.
IliF^MOTEXIS, HaMiiateclysis.
HyEMOTHORAX, Ha>mathorax.
HiEMOTISMUS. IlaMnoptysis.
IIif:iMOT'ROPliY, JItFmotroph'in ; from Jiamn,
and Tfjoiprj, ' nourishment.' Excess of sangui-
neous nourishment. — Prout.
HiEMIIRIA, Hematuria.
IJyEMURESIS, HfEmaturia.
HiEMYDOR, Serum of the blood.
HiRMYDRIA, Hydroaemia.
II^REDITARIUS, Hereditary.
II^SITATIO, Balbuties.
IIMVEA GUIANENSIS, see Caoutchouc.
HA(j, Abdomen.
HAG API), Haggard.
HAGBERRY, Prunus padus.
HAGE'NIA ABYSSIX'ICA, Bray'era avthef-
min'tlca, Bauk'sin Ahyxniu'icn, An Ab3'ssinian
tree; Order, Rosacea;; Sejciial SyKtem, Icosandria
Digynia, which the natives plant round their
habitations, as an ornament. The infusion or de-
coction of its flowers, Flores cokho. is employed by
them as an anthelmintic, especially in cases of
tape- worm. It is called, there, Cuxno or Cousso,
A'osso, Kousso, Kooso, Kicoso, Cotz, Cabotz, and
Ilobhi.
HAGGARD, (F.) Hagnrd. The French use
the term Air hagnrd, CEil hagard, 'Haggard
air,' ' Haggard eye,' for a ph3-siognomy, in which
there is at once an expression of madness aud
terror.
HAGTOSPERMUM, Artemisia santonica.
HAGIOXYLUM, Guaiacum.
HA HNEMANNISM, Homeopathy.
HAIL, Chalaza.
HAIR, Sax. hsep, Crlnis, Pilus, Thrix, Pile,
(F.) Poll. A conical, corneous substance, the free
portion or shaft, scapun, of which issues to a greater
or less distance from the skin, to the tissue of
which it adheres by a bnlb, Jhilbus pifi. seated in
a hair follicle — fillic'uhtu pili — made by an
inversion of the integument, the epidermis of
which forms a "root sheath," vagi'na pili. At
the base of the hair follicle, there is a small
papilla, well supplied with bloodvessels and
nerves, Papilla pili ; at times called, but im-
properly, Pulpa seu Blastc'ma pili. The hair re-
ceives various names in different parts — as Beard,
Cilia, Fyebroivs, Hair of the head, {Capilli,} &c.
Hair Dye, Twiggs's. A preparation much
used to give colour to the hair. It may be formed
o{ precipitated sulphur and acetate of lead, each
^j ; rose vater, f^iv; triturated together in a
mortar. It should be applied twice a day, until
the desired effect is pioduced.
HAIRY
41 r, IIAMAMELIS VIRGINIANA
Hair, Fali.ing off of tiif., Alopecia.
IIaik Follicle, see Hair.
II vm, Mattrp. Plica — ii. Plaited, Plica — h.
Triclioinatose, Plica — h. Worm, Seta equina, see
L'ctozoa — li. Worm, muscular, Dracunculus.
HAIRY, Pileous. Also, covered with hair.
HAKE, see Oleum jecoris aselli.
HAL. Salt.
HALA'TION, Hdla'tinm ; diminutive of 'aXf,
'salt,.' A pungent remedy, with the ancients,
which contained salts.
HALCIIEMI'A. The alchymists so called the
art of fusing salts: from 'aAs, 'salt,' and x'^^' '^
pour out.' — Libavius.
HALCVOX, Alcyon.
HALCYOXIUM ROTUNDUM, Pila marina.
HALE, Epheli.les.
HALEIXB, Breath— A. Coarte, Dyspnoea.
HALEL.:E'ON, HnleWnm, from 'aU, 'salt,'
and eXaivv, 'oil.' Olenm S'lU mijtitm. A mix-
ture of oil and salt, for removing swellings of the
joints. — ftalen.
HALE TE/iA TION, Alteration.
HALF-CASTE, Hilf-Cast, see Caste. A term
applied, in India, to the offspring of a Hindoo
and a European. Since, extended to the offspring
of mixed races. The subjoined list from Tschudi's
Travels in Peru, 1838-1842, shows the parent-
age of the different varieties of half-easts, and
also the proper designations of the latter, as ob-
served in South America.
Parents. CnaDREN.
White Father and Nesro Mother, Mulatto.
AVhite Fath(?r and Indian Mother, Meztizo.
Indian Father and N'eijro Mother. Chino.
White Father and Mulatta Mother, Cuarteron.
I Creole, (only distin-
guished from the
white by a pale
hrownish complex-
ion.)
White Father and China Mother, Chino-blanco.
White Father and Cuarterona ( Oiiintero
.Mother -^ U u • •
White Father and Quintera .Mo-j iri.jfg
ther X
Kegro Father and Mulatta -^Il)ther, Zambonegro.
Xegro Father and Meztiza Mother, Mulatto n.^curo.
Xegro Father and China .Motlier, Zainbo chino.
T.- K ti, IT „v, ir *u f Zambo-negro (per-
^eg^o Father and Zamba Mother.< r^.^tiy black )
Negro Father and Cuarterona or f Mnlatto (rather
Quintera Mother \ dark.)
Indian Father and Mulatta Mof china-ascuro.
ther (.
T- J. T^ .u 1 Ai »• \t I IMestizo-claro (fre-
Indian Father and Meztiza Mo N f,„^„tiy very beau-
^'^'^'^ ( tiful.)
Indian Father and Cliina IMother, Chino-cholo.
Indian Father and Zamba .Mo-f /^^mbodaro.
ther (
Indian Father with China-cholaf Indian(with rather
Mother X short frizzy hair.)
Indian Father and Cuarterona or f Meztizo (rather
Quintera Mother It hrown.)
Mulatto Father and Zamba Mo) Zarabo (a misera-
ther X ble race.)
Mulatto Father and Meztiza Mo V Chino (of rather
ther ( clear complexion.)
Mulatto Father and China .Mother, Chinofratherdark.)
See Mulatto.
HALICA. Alica.
HALICACALUM, Phvsalis.
HALICES, Pandiculation.
HALIDRYS VESICULOSA, Fucus vcsicu-
losus.
HALINA'TRUM, Halinl'tnun, Hal.mi'tnim ;
from 'aXf, ' salt,' and utitrnm or natron. A name
given by the ancients to subcarbonate of soda,
containing a little subcarbonate of ammonia,
which is found, ready-formed, on the plaster of
damp walls, in places in'habitod by man or ani-
mals. Also, Potass* Ultras.
HALTNITRUM, Ilalinatrum.
HALl.XUS, Saline.
HAL'ITUOUS, Halitno'etiK, from ImlitiiH, ' va-
pour.' (F.) Hulitnerw. The skin is .«aid to be ha.
litiieusc, when covered willi a gentle nioi.-<tiiro.
The vapour, exhaled in all the cavities of tlio
body, so long as the blood is warm, is called
Jlal'itnu. The odorous vapour, exhaled by the
blood itself whilst warm, is called Hal'itiiH ^tui'-
yuiiiis.
Halitfs, Breath — h. Oris Fretidus, lin'atli,
offensive — h. Sanguinis, Gaz sanguinis. See lla-
lituous.
HALL, MINERAL WATERS OF. The
springs of Hall, in Upper Austria, contain iodine.
H A L L U C I NAT I 0 II Y POCHONDUIASIS,
Hypochondriasis — h. Vertigo, Vertigo.
HALLUCINATION, Halliicina'tio, Hilndn,,'.
tio, FaUa'citt, lUu'sio, I. senntis, t^lucur'dia. Alu'-
aia, Allucina'tio, Parora'niH, Sumnia'tio in ntalu
viy"ili, Ido'liini, Waking dream, Fhantumn, from
allucinari or hallitcinari, olliicinatun, ' to be de-
ceived.' A morbid error in one or more of the
senses. Percej)tion of objects, which do not in
fact exert any impression on the external senses.
Hallucination or de/niion almost always, if not
always, depends on disorder of the brain, but is
not an index of insanity, unless the patient be-
lieves in the existence of the subject of the hal-
lucination.
HALLUS, Pollex pedis.
HALLUX, Pollex pedis.
HALMK, Muria.
HALMYRIS, see Muria.
HALMYRO'DES, Sahngino'eus, Salmi'gi-
nous, from 'aXixvpn, ('uX/^i?, ' sea-water,' 'aXi, 'salt,')
'a salt liquor/ saltish. An epithet given to any
affection, in which the heat feels pungent under
the finger of the physician. — Hippocrates.
HAL.MYRUS, Saline.
HALO, Areola.
Halo Signa'tus. The impression made by
the ciliary processes on the anterior surface of the
vitreous humour. So called from its eunsisling
of a circle of indentations. — Sir C. Bell. Called
by Haller, Striat ret'ina siibject'a (iyamen'to
cilia' ri ; by Winslow, Sulci cilia'ren,
HALODER>E'UM, from 'aAj, 'salt,' and itpaioi',
'a collar,' (^tpV; 'neck.') Colla'rium suli'nuin.
A collar of salt applied to the neck, as in cases
of croup.
HALOGENE, Chlorine.
HALOIUUM OXYGENATUM, Potassae mu-
rias hyperoxygenatus.
HALONl'lTIS, Induration of the cellular
tissue.
HALONITRUM, Halinatrum.
HALOPE'GiE, from 'a\s, 'aXos, 'salt,' and
-irrj-yri, ' a spring.' Mineral waters whose chief in-
gredient is common salt — chloride of sodium.
HALOS, Areola.
HALOT'Y''LE, Cid'citn snli'na, from 'aAj, 'salt,'
and Tv\ri, 'a bolster.' A bolster or pillow of salt,
recommended in croup.
HALSBANE, Clavicle.
HALS, 'aX{, 'salt;' hence Halogene, Haloid, &e.
IIALSE. Throat.
HALTE'RES. Pieces of lead held in the
hands by the ancients to assist them in leaping.
HALUCIXATIO, Hallucination.
HALYCODE.S. Saline.
HALYSIS LATA, Bothriocephalus latus — h.
Meiubranaeea, Bothriocephalus latus — h. Solium,
Taenia solium.
HAM, Poples.
HAMAME'LIS VIRGINIA'NA, H. Virgin'i-
ea seu macniplnjl'la, Witch hazel. Winter w<l':h
hazel, Snapping hazelnut. Winter bloom. Orel.
Ilamumelaceae. The bark of this tree, which is
HAMARTIIRITIS
447
HARROWGATE
a native of the United States, is somewhat bitter
and sensibly astringent; but it has not been
much used. A cataplasm of the inner rind of
the biirk is said to have been found efficacious in
jiainful in flam in at! on of the eyes.
llAMARTlIRrTIS, Hobtrthri'tSs, Cntholar-
ihri'lin, Arthri'tin uiiiveriKi'lin, from 'a/ia, 'at
once,' aTi<i ap^inrti, ' gout.' Gout in all the joints.
Universal <{out.
U.WKjII, Coxofemoral articulation.
II AM' MA, NikIiix, 'a tie.' A knot, used for
retaining bandages on any part. — Hippocrates.
A truss.
HAMMKllTNG, Balbuties.
IIAMPSTEAD, MINERAL WATERS OF.
These waters, situate in the neighbourhood of
London, are a good chalybeate.
HA.MSTRIN(}, To. see Hamstrings.
HAMSTRINGS, (F.) Jan-etlers. The strings
or tendons of the hnm.
The JL\MSTiuNG Muscles are the biceps femo-
ris, whose tendon forms the oiitfr hanuttring ; and
the semiinouibranosus, semitendinosus, gracilis
and sartorius, whose tendons form the inner
hamntrinij.
'To hitmntring' means to cut the strings or ten-
dons of the ham.
HAMIILAR PROCESS, see Hamulus.
IIAM'ULUS. Diminutive of hnmns, ' a hook.'
A hook or crook: Ancia'tnm. Also, any hook-
like process; as the liontuhiH OT hniinilttr process
of the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone,
which projects from the termination of the inter-
nal pterygoid plate.
Hamulus Lamin.h Spiralis, see Lamina spi-
ralis.
HAlVrUS, see Hamulus.
HANCIIE, Haunch.
HANCLETH, Malleolus.
HAND. Manus.
HANDWOMAN, Midwife.
HANDS, DROPPED, H„i,d-drop, Wrint-drop.
A popiiliir term for the paralysis of the hand, in-
diiCLMl l)v tlic action of lead.
HANDWRIST, Carpus.
HAN(}1')RS, Crusta genu equinne.
1IAN(JNAIL, (old Eng.) Ac/iunl, (Prov.) An<j-
nnil, Stcpniolher's h/esniiiij, Wirt-spriiiiyii. jVtdl-
gpring, Nang-nail, (F.) Eiivie. A portion of epi-
dermis, detached so as to tear the integument in
the vicinity of the finger nails.
HANXEIiANE, Hyoscvamus.
. HAPANTIS'MUS. Bndly formed from wat,
or 'iiirnj, ' all.' Ohlltera'tio comple'ta. The mat-
ting or growing together of organic parts.
HAPHE. 'aifin, 'feeling, touch.' Hence:
HAPHON'OSI, Hnphoun's!, from 'u0,7, 'the
touch.' Morbi tactds. Diseases of the sense of
touch.
HAPLOACNE, Acne simplex.
HAPLOPATHI'A, from 'urrAof, 'simple.' and
iraSof, 'ilisease.' 3forbii8 simplex. A simple or
uncomplicated .affection.
H.APLOTOM'IA, Siiiiphx sec'tio, Tneis'io sim-
jilfx, Oi><;r(i'tio niiiiplex, from 'an-Xof, ' simple,' and
To/i)). 'incision.' A simple incision.
HAPSIS, Touch.
HAPTODYSPHOR'IA. Tactni dolorlficus ;
from 'ailitf. 'touch,' and ivafopoi, 'difficult to be
borne.' Painful to the touch.
HAPTOGEN. Haptogenous.
HA P TOG EXE, Haptogenous.
HAPTOG"ENOUS. Hnpto,i"enus, Hnp'togen,
(F.) Haplor/ene, from 'arrui, 'I attach. 'and yticaw,
'I engender.' Ascherson calls the pellicle, which
forms around fatty matter when albumen is
brought in contact with it, Haplogen membrane,
(F.) Membrane haptogene.
HAPTOT'ICA, Haptot' ire, from 'a(pr,, 'touch.'
Tlie doctrine of the phenomena of touch.
HARD, (G.) hart, JDnrus, Seleron, (F.) Diir.
That which offers much resistance. In anatomy,
the hard parts are those which compose the os-
seous basis of the body ; in other words, the skele-
ton. See Pulse, hard.
HARD'S FARINACEOUS FOOD, see Fari-
naceous.
IIARDESIA, Hibernicus lapis.
HARDIIACK, Spira\a tomentosa.
HARE-LIP, Layochi'liiH, Larjon'tomn, Lagnn'-
tomum, Lngtn'tomiim, Ln'btum Lepori'nuw, Olo-
pho'nia Lubii Loba'ta, Lepori'num rostrum, (Sc.)
Hareshaip, (Prov.) Haysciile, (F.) Dec de Lievre.
A fissure or perpendicular division of one or both
lips. It has been so called, in consequence of
the upper lip of the hare being thus divided.
Hare-lip is generally congenital ; at other times
it is aecideutiil, or produced by a wound, the
edges of which have not been brought into con-
tact, and have healed separately. It is simple,
when there is but one division ; double, when
there are two ; and complicated, when there is, at
the same time, a division or cleft of the superior
maxillary bone and of the palate — Cleft or _/?«'-
Hiircd palate. Wolf's jaw, Pala'tnm Jissnm, Rictus
hipi'nue ; or a projection of the teeth into the
separation of the lip.
In the Hare-lip operation, there are two indi-
cations to be fulfilled. First, to pare, with the
knife or scissors, the edges of the cleft, and, af-
terwards, to jireserve them in contact; in order
to cause adhesion. This last object is accom-
plished by means of pins, pa.^sed through the
edges of the division ; in other words, by the
twisted suture. The projecting teeth must, of
course, be previously removed. If there be sepa-
ration of tlie palate, it will become less and less
after the union of the lip, or the operation of sta-
phylornphy may be performed upon it.
IIarh's Ear, Bupleurum rotundifolium — h.
Eye, Lagophthalmia.
HARESHAW, Harelip.
IIAItGXE, Hernia — /*. Ancvrysmale, Cirsom-
phalus.
HARICOT, Phaseolus vulgaris — 7». Grand de
Perou, Jatropha curcas.
HARMALIA, Aliment.
HAR'MONY, Harmo'nia, Harmos, primarily
from apii). 'I adjust.' Anatomists have called Su-
ture by Harmony, or' simply Harmony, False or
superficial suture, iSutu'ra of sium spu'ria, Com-
pa'ges os'sium per lin'cam sim'plicem, an immov-
able articulation, in which the depressions and
eminences, presented by the bony surfoces, are
but slightly marked; so that it might be pre-
sumed that the junction of the bones took place
by simple a|iposition of their surfaces. An in-
stance of harmony occurs in the union of the
superior maxillary bones with each other.
HARMUS, Articulation, Harmony.
HARNPAN, Cranium.
HARRODSBURG SPRINGS, see Kentucky,
Mineral Waters of.
HAR'ROWGATE, MINERAL WATERS OF.
The villages of High and Low Harrowgate are
situate in the centre of the county of York, near
Knaresborough, twenty miles from York, and
fifteen from Leeds. Here are several valuable
sulphurous and chalybeate springs. The sulphu-
reous springs contain chloride of sodium, chlori<lo
of calcium, chloride of magnesium, bicarbonate
of soda, sulphohydric acid, carbonic acid, carhu-
retted hydrogen, and azote. The chalybeate
springs contain protoxide of iron, chloride of so-
dium, sulphate of soda, chloride of calcium, chlo-
ride of magnesium, carbonic acid, azote, and oxy-
HARTFELL
448
HEART
gen. For the former, Ilarrowgate is celebrated
and frequented.
Hauhowgate Salts, Artificial, are much
employed, and not unfrequently by those who
drink the genuine water, for the purpose of in-
creasing its aperient power. They may be made
as follows : — Sii/ph. Potass, cum Sidph. ^\} ; Po-
tass, h'ttort. ^j ; Mfignes. Sulph. in pulv. ^vj. M.
The usual dose is a teaspoonful, in a small tum-
blerful of tepid water, early in the morning.
Harrowgate Water, Artificial, may be
formed o^ common salt, ,^v: vnter, Oiij ; impreg-
nated with the gas from sulphurct of potass, and
aulphnrie acid, aa ^\v. The following form has
also been recommended. R- Siiljjhat. Potass.
cum sulph. (Ph. Ed.) ^y, Potass, bitart. ^ss ;
JIfagnes. sulphat. ^v] ; Aqua destillat. Oij. One-
half to be tnken for a dose.
HARTFELL, - MINERAL WATERS OF.
Hartfell Spa is about five miles from Moifat, in
Scotland. The water is a chalybeate, and is
much used.
HARTSHORN, Cervus, Cornu cervi. Liquor
cornu cervi — h. Red, Spiritus lavandulas com-
positus — h. and Oil, Liniraentum ammonias car-
bonatis.
HARTS' TONGUE, Asplonium scolopendrium.
HARTS' TRUFFLES,Elaphomycesgranulatus.
HARTWORT OF MARSEILLES, Seseli tor-
tuofuin.
HASCHE, Pain.
HASCniSCH, pee Bangue.
HASCflfSCHLVE, see Bangue.
HASTA, Penis — h. Nuptialis, Penis — h. Vi-
rilis, Penis.
HASTKLLA, Splint.
HASTINGS, CLIMATE OF. This place has
the reputation of being one of the mildest and
most sheltered winter residences on the south
coast of England. Owing to its low situation,
and the height of the neighbouring cliffs, it is
protected in a great degree from all northerly
■winds ; and hence is found a favourable residence
generally for invalids labouring under diseases
of the r'hest.
HASTULA REGIS, Asphodelus ramosus.
HATFIELD'S TINCTURE, see Tinctura Gua-
iaci ammoniiita.
HATTREL, Abscess.
HAUNCH, Coxa, Coxen'di'x, of the Latins;
ay^Vt or ttT)(^iov, of the Greeks; Auclia. Ischion,
Osphys, Hip, Cossa, (Prov.j Huhhon, Shoup, (F.)
Hanche. The region of the trunk which is formed
by the lateral parts of the pelvis and the hip-
joint, including the soft parts. In women, on
account of the greater width of the pelvis, the
haunches are more marked and prominent than
in men.
HAUSE, Collum. Throat.
HAUSTEL'LATE, Ilanstclla'tus. from hanrio,
ha)i8tum,'l drink up.' An epithet for the struc-
ture of mouth, wliich is adapted for drinking or
pumping up liquids. Insects, which possess that
kind of mouth, are so named. Ehrenberg refers
the fancied spermatozoon to the haustellate en-
tozoa.
HAUSTRA COLT, see Colon.
HAUSTUS, Po'th, Potiun'cnia. A Draught.
A liquid medicine, which can be taken at a
draught.
Haustds Niger, see Infusum sennse.
HAUT MAL, Epilepsy.
HAVAN'A or HAVAN'NAH, CLIMATE OF.
The climate of Cuba is often selected for the
phthisical invalid during the winter months, and
go far as regards elevation and comparative equa-
bility of temperature, it is more favourable for
those of weak lungs than that of the United
States. The mean annual temperature is high
(78°), but the diffcr<.>nce between the mean tem-
perature of the warmest and coldest months is
twice as great as at Madeira.
HAVERSIAN CANALS, Canals, nutritive, of
Bones.
HAW, Hungry.
Haw, Black, Viburnum i)runifolium.
IIAWKNUT, Bunium bulhocastanum.
IIAWKWEED, VEINY, Ilieracium venosum.
HAWSE. Throat.
HAAVTIIORN, WHITE, Mespilus oxyacanthiu
HAY ASTHMA, Fever, Hay.
Hay, Camkl's, Juncus odoratus.
HAYRIFF, (Jalium aparine.
HAYSCALE, Harelip.
HAZEL, BEAKED, Corylus rostrata.
Hazel Crottles, Lichen puhnonarius — h.
Nut, snapping, Ilamamelis Virginiana — h. Nut
tree, Corylus avellana.
Hazel, Witch, Ilamamelis Virginiana, Sorbus
acuparia.
HAZELRAW, Lichen puhnonarius.
HEAD, Sax. heapot>, hearo, hem-ed ,- the past
participle of heapan, 'to heave up.' Caput,
Ceph'ale, Ci/'he, Poll, (Prov.) Hede, Pow, Srop,
(F.) Tele. The head forms the upper extremity
of the body, and tops the skeleton. It consists
of the cranium and face. The first, which com-
prises all the superior and posterior part, has the
encephalon in its cavity: the latter forms only
the anterior part, and serves as the receptacle for
the greater part of the organs of the senses.
Head, Water in the, Hydrocephalus.
Heap-Ache, Cejjhalgea, Cephalalgia — h. Ache,
intermittent, Cephalalgia periodica — h. Ache,
sick, Cephala?a spasmodica.
HEADSWOMAN, Midwife.
HEADY'', same etymon as Head. (F.) Capifeur.
That which inebriates readily. An epithet, ap-
plied to wines which possess this quality.
HEAL, Sanitas.
HEAL-ALL, Collinsonia Canadensis, Prunella
vulgaris, Scrophularia nodosa.
HEALING, Curative— h. Art, Medicine.
HEALTH, Sanitas.
HEALTHY, Salutary.
HEARING, HARDNESS OF, Deafness — h.
Perverse, Paracusis perversa.
HEART, Sax. heo/ir. Germ, llerz, Cov, Ccnr,
Cer, Car'dia, Kcap, Ktip, Kaoita, (F.) C(titr. An
azygous muscle, of an irregularly pyramidal
shape; situate obliquely and a little to the left
side, in the chest; — resting on the diaphragm liy
one of its surfaces : — suspended by its base from
the great vessels ; free and movable in the rest
i of its extent, and surrounded by the pericardium.
The right side of the body of the heart is thin
and sharp, and is called Ilargo acu'tus: the left
is thick and round, and termed Ii'arrjo ohtu'miH.
It is hollow within, and contains four cavities;
two of which, with thinner and less fleshy walls,
receive the blood from the lungs and the rest of
the body, and pour it into two others, with thick
and very fleshy parietes, which send it to tl:e
lungs and to every jiart of the body. Of these
cavities, the former are called auricles, the latter
ventricles. The right auricle and right ventricle
form the Pidmonic or right or aulerior heart, Cor
veno'sum scu pulmoua'le, (F.) Caiir du pouvioii,
C. du sang iioir, V. droit, C. antericnr: and the
left auricle and ventricle, the syntvmic, corporeal,
left, or aortic heart. Cor arterio'sum seu nor'li-
cum, (F.) Cceur du corps, C. gauche, C. nortique
ou C. rouge. In the adult, these are totally dis-
tinct from each other, being separated by a parti-
tion ; — the srjitum cordii. Into the right auricle,
the venae cavae, — superior and inferior, — and ttie
coronary vein, open. The pulmonary artery
arises from the right ventricle; the four pulmo-
HEART
449
HEAT
nary veins open into tho left auricle, and the
aorta arises from ttu' left ventricle.
The moan weiffht of the heart, in the aflult,
from the twenty-fifth to tlie sixtieth year, is, ac-
cording to ]')Ouiilau(l, from eijrht to nine ounces.
The dimen.sions, according to Lobstein and Bouil-
Inud, are as follows: — Length, from base to
apex, five inches six lines; breadth, at the base,
three inches; thickness of the walls of the left
ventricle, seven lines; at a finger's breadth above
the apex, four linos ; thickness of the walls of the
right ventricle, two and a quarter lines; at the
apox, lialf a line; thickness of right auricle, one
line ; of the left auricle, half a line. The heart
is covered, externally, by a very thin, membra-
nous reflection from the pericardium. The mus-
cular structure of which it is constituted is much
thicker in the parictes of the ventricle than in
those of the auricles. Its cavities are lined by a
very delicate membrane, the endiictrdhtiii, which
is continuous with the inner membrane of the
arteries, as regards the left cavities, and with that
of the veins, as regards the right. Its arteries—
the coronnri/ — arise from the commencement of
the aorta. Its nerves proceed, chiefly, from the
pneumogastric and the cervical ganglions of the
great sympathetic. The heart is the great agent
in the circulation. By its contraction, the blood
is sent over every part of tho body. Its action
does not seem to be dirert/i/ owing to nervous
influence received from the brain or spinal mar-
row, or from both. The circulation may, indeed,
be kept up, for some time, if both brain and spi-
nal marrow be destroyed.
When the ear is applied to the chest, a dull,
lengthened sound is heard, which is synchronous
with the arterial pulse. This is instantly suc-
ceeded by a sharp, quick sound, like that of the
valve of a bellows or the lapping of a dog, and
this is followed by a period of repose. The first
sound appears to be mainly produced by the con-
traction of the ventricles; the secoml, by the re-
flux of the blor)d against the semilunar valves.
These are what are called the SoiinilD of the
Heart, (F.) Bruits flu Ca-nr. Dr. C. J. -B." Wil-
liams thinks that the word hihh-diip conveys a
notion of the two soun<ls. The /ieatiii;/ or //»-
piihe of the Jirart, Ilcnrt-Htrohe, Puhiin seu htns
cordin, (F.) Imptdsioii dii Cocitr, against the pari-
etes of tho chest, is mainly caused, perhaps, by
the systole of the heart, which tends to project it
forwards. It is doubted, however, by some,
whether the impulsion be produced by the dila-
tation or the contraction of the ventricles.
The following table exhibits the different ac-
tions of the heart, and their coincidence with its
sounds and impulse. It presumes, that the p'oriod
from the coiuinonccment of one pulsation to that
of another is divided into eight parts; and if the
case of a person, whose pulse beats sixty times
in a minute, be taken, each of these parts will
represent the eighth of a second.
Eighths op a Second.
Last part of the pause....!... Auricles contracting;
ventricles distend-
ed.
First sound and impulse.. 4. ..Ventricles contract-
ing; auricles dilat-
ing.
Second sound 2. ..Ventricles dilatjng;
auricles dilating.
Pause 1... Ventricles dilating ;
auricles distended.
The heart is subject to different organic dis-
eases; tho chief of which are nneiin'im, eniitrne-
tinn of the aprrtiirex, and rupture of its pariffen.
Heaht. At'kopuy of THii, Atroph'ia sou Ari-
29
du'rn seu Phthisig Cordis, Cnrdlntroph' ia, Arnr-
dlotroph'irt. A condition of the organ in which
there is diminution in the thickness of the pari-
etos f>f the whole organ.
Heart, Beating of the, see Heart — b. Dila-
tation of the, see Aneurism — h. Displacement of
the, Ectopia Cordis — h. Fatty, Steatosis cordis.
Heart. Hy'rEnTROPHY of the, Htjpertroph'in
Cordis, Hypercor'din, Hijpersarco'sis Cordis, Hij-
percardlotroph'ia, Curdinux'e, Aneuryn'iiin cor-
dis acti'vum (Corvisart), Cor hovi'uum seu ttinrf-
num, Enor'mitns cordis, (F.) JLjpertrophie dn
Coeur. Supernutrition of the muscular parietcs
of the heart, which are thicker than usual; the
cavities being generally diminished. The ;>/;(/«-
ic(d signs which indicate it are the following. In
eases of long standing, tho priccordial region is
generally prominent; the pulsations of the heart
are visible over a greater extent than natural ;
and a marked vibration is communicated to the
hand when placed on the cardiac region. The
dull sound on percussion is more extensive than
natural; and on auscultation there is a perma-
nent increase of the force and extent of tlic
heart's action ; there is no increase, however, of
frequency, and the rhythm is regular. The pul.--e
is generally strong, full, and hard.
Heart, IlypERTnoPHV with Dilatation ov
THE, Active nu'eurism, Eccen'tric hij' jnrtrophij.
In this affection, the pulsations can be seen and
felt over a larger space, and the apex is more to
the left and lower down than natural. The im-
pulse is less steady, but at times more violent
than that which accompanies simple hypertrophy.
Percussion gives more distinct evidence of the
enlargement, the sound being more extensively
dull. On auscultation, the impulse is often vio-
lent, but irregular: in extreme cases, it produces
the sensation of a large mass of flesh rolling or
revolving beneath the ear. The pulse is strong,
full, and vibratory. The shock of the heart's ac-
tion is often transmitted to the whole person, and
to the bed on which the patient is lying.
Heart, Concentric Hypertrophy op the,
(F.) Ihjpcrtrophie conceutrique, llypertrophie
ceiitript'te dii Coeur, Retrait rcutriculaire, Cardi-
arctie, is when the pariotes augment at the ex-
pense of the cavities.
Heart, Impulse op the. see Heart — h. Neu-
ralgia of the. Angina Pectoris — h. Rupture of the,
Cardiorrhexis — h. Sounds of the, see Heart — h.
Stroke, see Heart.
HEART'S EASE, Polygonum pcrsicaria, Viola
tricolor.
HEARTS, LYMPH, Lymphatic hearts — h.
Lymphatic, Lvmphatic hearts.
HEARTAXES. Ardor ventric'uli.
HEARTBURN, Ardor ventriculi, Cardialgia.
HEARTSCALD, Ardor ventriculi.
HEART-SCIRTS. Diaphragm.
HEARTWORT, Lascrpitinm album.
HEAT, past participle of Sax. hae'^an, 'to mako
warm.' Calor, Tliermn, ^tpnv- (F.) Ch(d<ur.
The material cause, which produces the sensa-
tion— or the particular sensation itself — produced
by a bod3' of an elevated temperature, on our or-
gans, especially on the organs of touch. Modern
chymists have given the name Cafor'ie to tho
principle, whatever may be its nature, wh'ch i^^
the cause of heat. AVhen we touch a body of a.
temperature superior to our own, a portion of
caloric passes from tho body to the hand, ami
produces the sensation of hat. If, on llic con-
trary, we touch a body of a temperature inferior
to oiir own. we communicate a portion of onr
calorie to it, and experience the sensation of cold.
Our own sensations are but imj>erfect indexes of
tein|>eraturc. Two men meeting at the middle
of a mountain, — the one ascending, the other de-
HEAT
450
IT E A T
Fcendinjij, — will experience difFcrent sensations.
The one ascending, passes from a warmer to a
colder atinospliere; — the one descending from a
collier to a wanner.
The chief instrument for measuring heat, used
in medieine, is the thermonipter. Of this there
are tlirce kinds: — that of Fahrenheit, tliat of
Reaumur, niul tliat of Celsius or the Cciillyiddc.
Tlie followin;; Table exliihits the correspondeuco
of these difierent thcrmomotrie scales.
Fah.
Ileau.
Ccntl^.
Fah.
Reau.
Centiu'.
Fah.
Keau.
Centifc.
Fah.
Ittau.
Ci^nliir.
o
o
o
o
0
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
212a
80.00
100.00
148
51. .55
64.44
85
23.55
29.44
22
— 4.41
— 5.55
211
79.55
99.44
147
51.11
6;!.8S
84
23.11
28 .88
21
— 4.SS
— 6.11
2106
79.11
9S.88
140
50.1)0
63.33
83
22.06
28.33
20(t
— 6.33
— 6.00
2l)'J
78.00
98.33
145
50.22
62.77
82
22.22
27.77
19
— 5.77
— 7.22
208
78.22
97.77
144
49.77
62.22
81o
21.77
27 .22
18
— 6.22
— 7.77
207
77.77
97.22
14;3
49.33
61 .60
80
21.33
20.00
17
— 6.00
— 8.:;3 1
206
77.33
90.60
Ulg
48.88
61.11
79
20.88
20.11
16
— 7.11
— 8.88
205
70.88
90.11
141
48.44
60..'-)5
78
20.44
25.55
15
— 9.44
204
70.44
95.55
140
48.00
60.00
77
20.00
25.00
14
— 8.00
— lii.OO
203
70.00"
95.00
139
47.55
59.44
70p
19.55
24.44
13
— 8.44
— 10..55
2u2
75.55
94.44
138
47.11
58.88
75
19.11
2:^88
12
— 8.88
—11.11
201
75.11
93.88
137
40.66
5S.33
74
18.00
2:!..33
11
— 9.33
—11.06
200
74.00
93.33
136
40.22
57.77
73
18.22
22.77
10
— 9.77
—12.22
199
74.22
92.77
135
45.77
57.22
72
17.77
22/22
9
—10.22
-12.77
lys
73.77
92.22
134
45.33
50.00
71
17.33
21 .OiO
8
—10.00
-13..".3
19T
73.33
91.00
133/i
44.84
50.11
70
10.88
21.11
7!'
—11.11
-13.88
I'.tOc
72.88
91.11
132
44.45
55.55
69
10.44
20.55
6
—1 1 .55
-ll.J)
105
72.44
90.55
131
44.00
55.00
08
1 0.00
20.00
6
—12.00
--l.'i.dll
19-1
72.00
90.00
130
43.55
54.44
07
15. .55
19.44
4
—12.44
—15.55
193
71.65
89.44
129
43.11
53.88
00
15.11
18.88
3
-12.88
—10.11
192
71.11
88.88
128
42.66
53.33
05
14.06
18.33
2
—13.33
— lo.fif;
191
70.66
88.33
127
42.22
52.77
O-l
14.22
17.77
1
—13.77
— 1:.22
190
70.22
87.77
126
41.77
52.22
03
13.77
17.22
0
—14.22
-17.77
189
69.77
87.22
125
41.33
51.00
62
13..33
lO.rO
— 1
-14.06
—IS .33
188
69.33
80.00
124
40.88
51.11
01
12.88
10.11
— 2w
—15.11
— 18.8S
187
68.88
80.11
123
40.44
60.55
00
12.44
15..55
— 3
—15.55
—19.44
180
08.44
85.55
122
40.00
50.00
59
12.00
15.00
— 4
— 10..00
—20.00
185
68.00
85.00
121
39.55
49.44
58
11.55
14.44
— 5
—10.44
— 20.55
184
07.55
84.44
120
39.11
48.88
57
11.11
i:!.8S
— 6
—16.88
—21.11
183
07.11
83.88
119
38.06
48.33
60
10.00
l.n..33
— 7x
—17.33
—21.06
182
06.66
83.33
118
38.22
47.77
55
10.22
12.77
— 8
—17.77
—22.22
181
60.22
82.77
117
37.77
47.22
54
9.77
12.22
— 9
—18.22
ISO
65.77
82.22
116
37.33
46.06
53
9.33
11.(^0
—10
—18.60
-23!33
179
65.33
81.06
115
36.88
46.11
62
8.88
11.11
— lly
—19.11
—23.88
178rf
04.88
81.11
114
36.44
45.55
51
8.44
10..55
-19.55
— 2J44
177
64.44
80.55
113
30.00
45.00
bOq
8.00
10.00
—1.3
—20.00
—25 00
176
64.00
80.00
112
35.55 -
44.44
49
7.55
9.44
—14
—20.44
— 25 55
175
63.55
79.44
111
35.11
43.88
48
7.11
8.88
—15
—20.88
—2011
174e
63.11
78.88
llOt
34.06
43.33
47
6.60
8.33
—16
—21.33
—20 00
173
62.66
^8.33
109
34.22
42.77
40
6.22
7.77
—17
—21.77
—27.22
172
62.22
77.77
108
33.77
42.22
45
6.77
7.22
—18
—22.22
,-27.77
171
61.77
77.22
107
33.33
41.00
44
6.33
0.00
—19
—22.06
—28.58
170
61.33
76.06
lOC^'
32.88
41.11
43
4.88
o.n
—20
—2.3.11
—28.88
ICO
60.88
70.11
105
32.44
40.55
42
4.44
—21
—23.55
-2941
ir,S
60.44
75.55
104/.:
32.00
40.00
41
4.00
5.00
22
—24.00
—30.00
liuf
60.00
75.00
103
31.55
39.44
40
3.55
4.44
—23
—24.44
—30.55
lf)6
59.55
74.44
102J
31.11
38.88
39
3.11
3.^8
—24
—24.88
—31.11
105
59.11
73.88
101
.•^0.66
38.33
38
2.66
3.:',3
—25
—25.33
—31.09
lf4
5S.06
73.33
loom
30.22
37.77
37
2.22
' 2.77
—26
—25.77
—32.22
103
58.22
72.77
99
29.77
37.22
36
1.77
—27
—20.22
32.77
102
57.77
72.22
9Sn
29..';3
30.06
35
■ 1.33
hOO
—28
—20.06
-33!3:;
101
57 ..33
71.00
97
28.88
36.11
34
0.88
1.11
—29
—27.11
—33.88
100
56.88
7i.n
96
28.44
35.55
33
0.44
0.55
—30
—27.55
—3444
159
56.44
70.55
95
28.00
35.00
32r
0.00
0.00
—31
-28.84
—35.00
158
50.00
70.00
94
27.55
34.44
31
—0.44
—0.55
—32
-28.00
—85.55
157
55.55
69.44
93
27.11
33.SS
30.?
—0.88
-1.61
—33
—28.88
—30.18
156
55.11
68.88
92
26.66
33.33
29 .
—1.33
—1.60
—34
—29.33
—30.06
155
54.(i6
68.33
91
26.22
32.77
2R<
—1.77
—2.22
—35
—29.77
.ny 22
154
54.22
67.77
SO
25.77
32.22
27
—2.22
—2.77
—36
—30.22
-.'■.7!77
153
53.77
67.22
89
25.33
31.06
26
—2.06
—3.33
—37
—30.06
— 8S.23
152
5:i.33
66.06
88
24.88
31.11
25
—3.11
—3.88
—38
—.31.11
—38.88
151
52.88
60.11
87
24.44 •
30.55
24
—3.55
—4.44
—■■m
—.31.55
—30.44
150
52.44
65.55
86
24.00
30.00
23
— l.OO
—5.00
—40
—32.00
-40.00
149
52.00
65.00
1
a Water hoils (Barnm. 30 ivches.)
b llaat of a stove, borne by Dr. So-
lamler.
c Hoat of a stove, borne for 10 mi-
•iute.« by Sir Joseph Banks and Dr.
Solander.
d Water simmers.
e. Alcohol iKiiLs.
J' Very pure ether distilfl.
g Bi'cs' wax niclts.
h Spermaceti melts.
i Temperature at which liquids
are often drunk.
j Heat ob.'^evved in Scarlnfina.
/.•Temperature of the common ben.
I Temper.'itxire of arterial blond. [?]
TO Temperature of venous blood.
Phosphorus melts.
n Kther hoils. o Nitric ether boils.
p Muriatic ether IkpIIs.
7 Medium temperature of the
globe. r Ice melts.
.f Milk fieezes.
t Viiie^'ar fieczes.
?/ Stroiijr wine freezes.
V A mixture of one part of alcolm!
and three of water freezes.
1/' Cold at the battle of Kylnu, 1?07
r A mixture of equal parts of al-
cohol and water freezes.
y A mixture of two parts of alco-
hol and one of water freezes.
z Melting point of quicksilver.
To reduce Centigrade degrees to thone of Fah-
renheit, multiply by 9, divide by 5, and add 32;
thus. 40° Cent. X 9 -f- 5 + 32 = 104° Fahr. To
reduce Fnlireiiheil.'a der/rees to tlioxenf Centigrade,
subtract 32, multiply hy 5, and divide by 9: thus,
104° Fuhr.—^2 X 5 -e- 9 = 40° Cent. To re-
duce Rertumxtr's dcf/reen to tliune of FfihrenJiext,
multiply by 9, divide by 4. and add 32: thus, 32°
lienMm. X 9 -^ 4 + 32 = 104° Ffihr. To redw.e
Fakreiiheit's degrees to those of Reaumur, subtract
HEAT
451
HECTIC FEVER
S2, mill ti ply by 4, and divide by 9: thus, 104°
Fiihr. — 32 X 4 — 9 = 32 Iteaum.. To reduce
lUnHvmr's detjreeH to those of Geutigrrtde, multi-
ply by 5, and divide by 4: thus 32° Rinum.
X 5 -^ 4 = 40° Cent. ; and, lastly, to reduce Cen-
ti<li-(ide dei/reen to those of Itenuiimr, multiply by
4,' and divide by 5 : thus, 40° Cent. X 4 -^ 5 = 32°
Jthtnm.
Fahrenheit.
Centigrade.
Reaumur.
Thermometers.
The human body can bear a high degree of
heat diffused in the atmosphere. There are cases
on record, where air of 400° and upwards, of
Fahrenheit's scale, has been breathed with im-
punity for a short time. It can likewise with-
stand very severe cold. In the expedition of
Capt. Back to the Arctic regions, the thermome-
ter was as low as — 70° of Fahr., and Sir George
Simpson affirms, that it has fallen in Siberia to
— 83°, or 115° below the freezing point. Dr.
Kane, in the Arctic regions, in 1853-54, observed
the range of eleven spirit thermometers, selected
as standards, to vary from — 60° to — 75°. The
mean annual temperature was 5°. 2 — the lowest
ever registered.
Excessive heat disposes the body to gastric
and intestinal diseases, and particularly to in-
flammation and enlargement of the liver; hence,
the frequency of such affections within the torrid
zone. Heat is often used therapeutically : the
actual cautery, at a white heat, disorganizes the
parts to which it is applied: a lesser degree occa-
sions violent inflammation. Heat higher than
that of the human body is excitant; of a lower
degree, sedative. Excessive cold acts as a power-
ful sedative — inducing sleep, the tendency to
which, after long exposure, becomes irresistible.
See Cold. Many of the topical applications — as
cataplasms — act wholly by virtue of their warmth
and moisture.
Heat, Ardor vene' reus, PrHr{'tus,{Y.) Chnleurs,
Chidturs des Animanx, Hut, is the periodical sex-
ual desire experienced by animals, — O^strua'tion.
It is supposed by some to be owing to the periodi-
cal mntiiration and discharge of ova, — Omda'tion.
Hkat, Acrid, see Acrid — h. Animal, see Ani-
marileat.
Hkat Apoplexy, see Coup-de-soleil.
Hkat, Inteu'nal, (F.) Chahur interne, is a
sensatitm of heat felt by the patient, but not sen-
fible to the touch. External h«at, (F.) Chaleur
rxtfrieure. that which can be felt by others.
Ileal, Ardor, is called moist, (P.) kalileitae; when
accompanied with moisture, like that felt after
bathing; </r^, (F.) secAc, when the skin has not
its ordinary softness. It is called acrid and pnii-
'jeut, (F.) acre et mordicoute, when it conveys a
disagreeable tingling to the fingers. The French
emploj' the terms nervous heat and errut'ic heat,
Chulenr nerveuse and Ch(deur erratique, for that
which comes by flushes, alternating with chills,
and whi<-h moves rapidly from one part to an-
other. M. Double has used the term septic heat,
(F.) Chaleur septique, for that which produces a
pungent sensation on the hand, similar to that
of the acrid heat, but milder and more uniform,
and which is accompanied with feebleness and
frequency of pulse, <fec.
Heat, Prickly, Lichen tropicus.
HEATH, COMMON, Erica vulgaris.
HEATHER, Erica vulgaris.
HEATHER-CLU, Malleolus.
HEAUTOPHONICS, see Autophonia.
HEAVINESS, Somnolency.
HEAVING, Vomiturition.
HEAVY, Gra-ris, (F.) Graratif from 8ax.
heapan, 'to heave.' An epithet given to any
pain which consists in a sensation of weight or
heaviness, or is accompanied by such sensation.
HEBDOMADAL CYCLE, see Cycle.
HEBDOMADARIA, Octana.
HEBE, 'ly/Jiy, Juven'ta, Juveu'tas, Jureii'tus,
flora. In antiquity, the goddess of puberty.
The word has been employed to designate, 1.
The first hair that grows on the pubes, 2. Tho
pubic region, and 3. Puberty.
HEBETES, Adolescens.
HEBETOR, Adolescens.
HEBETUDO ANIMI, Imbecility — h. Den-
tium, Hasmodia — h. Visus, Amblyopia, Astheno-
pia, Caligo.
HEBRADENDRON CAMBOQIOIDES, see
Cambo^a.
HEBREWS, MED'ICINE OF THE. Medi-
cine seems to have been at a very low ebb with
the ancient Hebrews. Of anatomy they knew
nothing. Their pliysiolo;/;/ was imperfect and
filled with superstitions; and their thernpeuficH
unsatisfactory. Ifi/r/iene appears to have been
most attended to. Of the other departments of
medicine we cannot judge of their knowledge.
IlECATOMA PA'LUSTRIS, Ranunculus sce-
leratus.
HECATOMPIIYLLUM, Rosa centifolia
IIECH, Anhelatio.
HEt'K BERRY, Prunus padus.
HEC'TEUS, '[ktcvs. a Greek measure, con-
taining about 72 chopines or pints.
HECTIC FEVER, Febris hcc'tica scu phthis'.
ica seu tnarasmo'des seu tah'ida seu Ititta seu
amjihinier'ina hcc'tica seu anialo'ria, JJecticop'-
yra, Hecticopyr'etos, Hcc'tica, Aiuphtuier'ina h(c'-
tica, Synteciiji'yra, Syntecticop'yra, Marasmoi)'-
yrn, Leucopyr'ia, Epan'etus hcc'tica, Chloro'sis
amato'ria, Ettick, (Sc.) Ethik, Etick, (F.) Fievre
Hectique ou Etique, from 't^is, ' habit of body ;'
because in this disease! every part of the body is
emaciated ; or, perhaps, from eKTt]K<i>, ' I consume,'
' I am exhausted.' The name of a slow, continued,
or remittent fever, which generally accompanies
the end of organic aficctions, and has been es-
teemed idiopathic, although it is probably always
symptomatic. It is the fever of irritation and
debility; and is characterized by progressive ema-
ciation, frequent pulse, hot skin, — especially of
the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, —
and, towards the end, colliquative sweats and
diarrhoea. Being symptomatic, it can only he
removed by getting rid of the original affection.
This is generally difficult, and almost hopeless in
the disease which it most commonly accompa-
nies,— consumption.
IIECTICA
452
IIELICINE
HECTICA, Hectic Fever— b. Infantilis, Fever,
infantile remittent.
HECTICOPYRA, Hectic fever.
HECTICOPYRETOS, Hectic fever.
HEC'TISIS, (F.) Etlsie. Same etymon. The
state of those who tiave hectic fever.
HECTOGRAMME, Hectoijram'ma, from 'cKa-
Tov, ' a hundred,' a\u\ yfiuniia. A measure of 100
grammes, i. e., 3 ounces, 1 drachm, and 44 grains,
Troy.
HECTOLITRE. A measure containing 100
litres or 26.42 wine pints.
HECUSIUS, Voluntary.
HEDEO'MA. Herleo'iiia pnlegio'i'des, Cuni'la
puleffioVdes, Melin'sri pulerjio'iden, Peiiin/royal,
Tickweed, Stinlcinr; Balm, Si/unwmhit. Sex. Si/nt.
Diandria Monogynia : Not. Ord. LabiatiB. From
'nivs, 'agreeable.' An indigenous plant, common
in all parts of the United States, and which,
■where it is abundant, perfumes the air for a con-
siderable distance. It is employed in the same
cases as the mints and the English pennyroyal.
In popular practice it is used as an emmenagogue.
The O'/eiun Hrdco'mce (Ph. U. S.) or 0!/ of
Peniii/roijtd is used a? a stimulating carminative,
dropped on su<;ar. Dose, 2 to 6 drops.
IIP^DERA ARBOREA, H. Helix.
Hkd'era Helix, Iled'era nrho'rea, Bnc'chica,
Ctssos, Ktaaoi, Cittnn, kittos, Ed'ern, Con/mhe'trn,
Cory III' bos, (Sc.) Bind wood. Ivy, (F.) Lierre, L.
Commnn ou r/n'mp((iif. Ord. Araliacese. The
taste o{ ivy hnven is bitter, styptic, and nauseous.
They are not used in medicine. According to
Haller, they were recommended in Germany
ugainst the atrophy of children ; and the common
people of England sometimes apply them to run-
ning sores and to keep issues open. The berries
were supposed, by the ancients, to have an emetic
and purgative quality ; and a watery extract was
made from them, called by Quercetanus Extrac-
tnm purr/niis. From the stalk of the tree a re-
sinous juice exudes, in warm climates, called
Giimmi Iled'era, Ivy Gum, (F.) Gumme dc lierre,
Risine de lierre. It is possessed of tonic and
astringent properties, but is not used.
Hedrua Tbuuestius, Gleohoma hederacea,
HEDERULA, Glechoma hederacea.
HEDE, Head.
HEDEVERK, Cephalalgia.
IIEDEWARK, Cephalalgia.
HEDISARUM ALHAGI, Agul.
HEDRA, 'lifia, 'i^i>ri, 'a vestige,' 'a seat.' A
seat. A fracture of the bones of the cranium, in
which the trace of the fracturing instrument is
.still perceptible. It was, also, used by the an-
cients, for the anus, the breech, excrement, a
Ijrivy, a night-chair, and for the bottom of an
abscess.
HEDROCELE, Proctocele.
HEDYCirROUM, from 'nfv;, 'agreeable,' and
Xpo"' 'colour.' A remedy of a pleasant colour.
Applied to certain trochs, the chief constituent of
wliich was theriao.
HEDYPHO'NIA, from Vuj, 'sweet,' and ^avn,
'voice.' Sweetness of voice.
HEDYPXEUS'TUS, ffedyp'nous, from ';;^..<r.
'sweet,' and nvsoi, 'I breathe.' Breathing sweetly
or softlv. Smelling sweetly.
HEDYPNOIS TARAXACUM, Leontodon ta-
raxacum.
HEDYSARUM ALHAGI, Agul.
HEDYSMA. Condiment.
HEEL, see Calcaneum — h. Clubfoot, see Kyl-
losis.
HEGH, Anhelatio.
HEIL, Snnitas.
HELCENTERITIS, Dothinenteritis.
IIELCOC'ACE, Cackelco'ma, from 'eXws,
'ulcer,' and KuKrj, 'badness.' A malignant
ulcer.
HELCODES, Ulcerated, Ulcerous.
HELCOL'OGY. Ihlcohg 'ia, from 'fX«of, 'nl-
cer, and \oyoi, 'discourse.' Tlie doctrine of, or
a treatise on, ulcers.
HELCOMA, Ulcer.
HELCOMENIA, Menelcosis.
HELUOPHTHAL'MIA, Ophthal'miit ulvero'„ti.
Ophthalmia with ulceration.
HEL'COPLASTY, Hel'koplnety, EVkoplnnly,
E/c'o])/«sty ; from 'cAifoj, 'an ulcer,' and nSaao't,
' I form.' An operation which consists in griifting
on an ulcer a piece of skin from the opposite
limb, or from the limb of another person, when
the destruction of skin is too great to permit the
healing i)rocess.
HEL'COS, from 'cXkos. 'an ulcer.' Hence:
HELCOSIS, Elcosis, Ulceration — h. Cerebri,
Encephalopyosis — h. Laryngis, Phthisis laryngca
— h. Pulmonalis, Phthisis pnluKpnalis — h. Rena-
lis, Nephrelcosis — h. Uteri, see Metrophthisis —
h. Vesicas. Cystophthisis.
HELCOSTAPllYLO'MA, from 'fX-co?, 'ulcer,'
and 0Taf)i)Xw/i«, 'staphyloma.' Staphyloma end-
ing in ulceration.
HELCOXERO'SIS, from 'eAx-oj, 'ulcer,' and
^v/J^ffi?, 'dryness.' The drying of an ulcer.
HELCTICA. Epispastics.
IIELCUS. Ulcer.
HELCYD'RION, Ilehyd'rinm, 't\Kvipiov, III-
cun'ciditm, a small ulcer, a superficial ulceration
of the cornea. — (Jalcn, Paulus, Foesius.
HELCYS'TER, 'cXuvarrip. from 'tAKu, ' T draw.'
An iron hook or crotchet for extracting the foetus.
See Crotchet.
HELENIUM, Inula helenium.
Hklkn'ium Autumna'le, Fohe Sunfownr,
Siieezewort, Siieezeweed, Sicuiiip Sii»Jlov>er, Yrl-
Inw star. Ox-eye. Ord. Compositae. An indi-
genous herb, with large golden-yellow compound
flowers, which appear in August. All its parts
are bitter and somewhat acrid, and when snuffed
up the nostrils in powder are powerful sternu-
tatories.
HELIAN'THEMUM CANADEN'SE. Clihii
CdiKideii'sii, I'rostwort, Frostinecd, Frost piniil,
Iio(d:. rose. Ord. CistaceiP. An herbaceous plant,
Helianthemmn (Ph. U. S.), having large yellow
flowers, which grows in all parts of the United
States, and flowers, in the Middle States, in June.
It has an astringent, slightly aromatic, and
bitterish taste. It has been prescribed in scrofiiln,
hut probably is nothing more than an aromatic
tonic.
Helian'tiiemfm Corymbo'sum, Roch- rose, an
indigenous plant, is used in the same casts.
HELIASIS, Astrabolismus. Insolation.
HELICH'RYSUM NUDIFO'LIUM, Coffer-
ten. A South African plant, Nat. Ord. Coinpo-
sitfe, which is demulcent, and, in the form of in-
fusion, is recommended in catarrh, phthisis, and
other pulmonary affections.
Hklichuysi'm Srrpyllifo'lium, Hollenlni's
ten, and Helichrysum Aukicula'tum have simi-
lar virtues.
HELICTA, Age.
HELTCINE, 7A(7("c"!"hh«, HeUcoi'des, Helico'-
des, from he/ix, helicis, 'the tendril of the vine.'
Resembling in form the tendril of the vine.
IIrlicine AnxERiES of the penis, as described
by J. Miiller, are short vessels given off from the
larger branches, as well as from the finest twigs
of the artery of the organ : most of those cnine
off at a right angle, and project into the cavity
of the spongy substance, either terminating ab-
ruptly or swelling out into a club-like process
without again subdividing. Almost all these
vessels arc bent like a horn, so that the end (Ic-
IIELICIS MAJOR
4r,3
HEMACIIROIN
gffriljcs h.ilf a circle or somewhat more. They
hiive a great resembhince to the tendrils of the
vine, whence their name. A minute examina-
tion of them, either with the lens or the micro-
t^cope, shows that, although they at all times
projwt into the vtfMous cavities of the corpora
cavernosa, they are not entirely naked, but are
covered with a delicate membrane, which, under
the microscope, appears granular.
IIEL'ICIS MAJOR. A muscle of the ear,
wliich originates from the anterior, acute part of
the helix, upon which it ascends and is inserted
into the helix. It pulls the part into which it is
inserted a little downwards and forwards.
Hki.icis Minor. This muscle originates from
the under and fore part of the helix, and is in-
serted into the helix, near the fissure in the carti-
lage, opposite the concha. Its use is to contract
the fissure.
IIELICOIDES, Helicine.
IIELICOTRE'MA, from 'tA/f, 'helix, cochlea,'
iind Tpriiia, 'a foramen.' The hole by which the
two scala' of the cochlea communicate at the apex.
HELIEXCEPHALITIS, see Coup de Soleil.
RELKJMUS, Convolution.
IIELIKIA, Age.
IIELIONOSIS, Insolation.
IIELIOSCIADIUM NODIFLORUIVI, Slum
nodillorum.
HELIOSIS, Astrabolismus, Insolation.
HELIOTROPE, Heliotropium Europaum.
IIELIOTROPION, Cichorium intybus.
IlELIOTRO'PIUM EUROPyF/UM, //. erec-
liini scu ciuien'cens seu snpi'iiniii. Verruca' ria.
Tiie Ilc'liotrnpe, (F.) Touniennl, llerhc aux ver-
mes. Ord. BoraginacciB. This plant is con-
sidered to possess aperient properties; and to be
capable of destroying cutaneous excrescences;
hence one of its names.
Hrliotuoi'Iiim In'dicum, an East India plant,
naturalized in some of the Western and Southern
States, probalily has similar virtues.
HELIX, 'fXif, C((pre'oliii>, from ei^etv, 'to
envelop,' 'to roll.' The fold is thus called,
which forms the outer circumfcrance or ring of
the external ear.
Hklix, Limax.
Helix Pomatia, (F.) Limn^nn, Colimaqnn, Es-
rargot. A large kind of snail, transported from
the south of Europe to England by Sir Kenehne
Digby, for his lady when in a decline. It was
cnnsiilcred highly restorative.
HELLA. Incubus.
HELLEI^ORASTEK. Ilelleborus fcetidus — h.
Fiotidus, Ilcllolionis fuetidus.
HELLEBOUE. Dracontinm frotidum— h. Ame-
rican.Veratriun viride — h. IJlack, Ilelleborus niger
— /). nintir, Veratrum album — b. Green, Ilelle-
borus viridis — h. Nolr, Ilelleborus niger — h.
Stinking. Ilelleborus firtidus — h. Swamp, Vera-
trum viride — h. White, Veratrum album.
IIELLEBOUIS'MUS, EllelwnS'mu-i. The me-
thod of treating disease, amongst the ancients, by
hollebore. This comprised not only the choice,
jireparation, and administration of the medicine,
but, likewise, the knowledge and employment of
lireliminary precautions and remedies proper for
Hiding its action, and preventing the pernicious
ciTects which it might occasion.
HELLEHORUS. 11. niger— h. Albus, Veratrum
clbuin — h. Grandiflorus, H. niger — h. Trifolius,
C'lptis.
IIi:i.I,En'0RfS FcF-'TinrS, Hellehnms'ter, EUe-
hnraater, SthiL-hif/ IJcl'Ubore or Bfor'n foot, Sct-
t'-rwnrt, (F.) Hell chore ou Ellebore /elide, Pied de
(iriffnn. Ord. Ranunculaceae. The leaves of
this plant are said to be anthelmintic. The
ainell of the fresh plant is extremely fetid, and
the taste bitter and acrid. It usually acts as a
cathartic.
Hblleborus Niger, H. gmndiflo'rus, Elleh'-
orus niger, Mctavipo'dium, Jlehiuorrhi'zuiii, Ec'-
toiiiun, /Hack Uel'lehore, Mehtmpode, ChriclinHi
Hose, Clove-touijue, (F. ) Hellebore itoir. Tho
root of this European plant^ — Helleborua, (Ph.
U. S.) — has a disagreeable odour, and bitter,
acrid taste. It is possessed of cathartic proper-
ties, and has been recommended as an euimena-
gogue. It has been given in mania, melancholia,
dropsy, suppressed menses, <fec. Dose, gr. x to
9j, as a cathartic.
Hellbborus Vir'idis, Green Hellebore. A
European plant, naturalized on Long Island, has
similar properties to the last.
IIELLECEBRA, Sedum.
HELLENIA GRANDIFLORA, Costus.
HELMET-FLOWER, YELLOW, Aconitum
Anthora.
HELMET POD, Jeffersonia Bartoni.
HELMINS, genitive,//e/j?n'7(Mo8, plur. Helmin'-
thes seu Ehnin'thes, from 'iXftivi, 'a worm.' A
worm; an cntozoon : — hence:
HELMINTHAGOGUE, Anthelmintic.
HELMINTHI, Worms.
HELMINTH I A, Helminthiasis — h. Alvi,
Worms.
Helmin'thia Errat'ica. Worms, introduced
by accident and without finding a proper habita-
tion in the stomach or intestines; producing
spasmodic colic, with severe tormina, and oc-
casionally vomiting or ejections of blood; tho
12th genus of the order Enteriea, class Coeliucii,
of Good.
Hei.minthia Ponins, Worms.
HELMINTIU'ASIS, Hclwiiifhor/en'esis. A
generic name for the condition which gives occa-
sion to tho presence of intestinal worms. It is,
also, called Hchiiin'tliio, Verniiiia'lio, Jforhun rei-
I mino'aus, Status vermiiio'sus, Sabur'ravermiuo'sn,
Seoleci'asis, Scoleee'sis, Entozootjen' esis, Parasi-
tln'inus intestiiia'lis; Worni disease, Invermina'liou.
See Worms.
HELMINTHIC. Anthelmintic.
HELMINTHOCHORTUM, Corallina Corsi-
eana.
HELJIINTIIOCOLICA, Colica verminosa.
HELMINTHOCORTON. Corallina Corsicana.
HELMINTH OGENESIS, Helminthiasis.
HELMINTHOL'OGY, Helmimholog" in, from
heliiiius, lielminthiis, and \oyoi, 'a description.'
A treatise on worms.
HELMINTHONCUS, Malis — h. Medinensis,
Dracnnculus.
HELMINTHOP'YRA, Helminthojnjr'ftos, Fe-
bris vennitio'sa, from lielmins, heliin'ntlios, and
Ti/), 'a fever.' Fever occasioned by worms. See
Fever, verminous.
HELMINTHOPYRETOS, Helminthopyra.
HELMINTHUS GORDH, Seta equina.
HELODES. Elodcs.
HELOXIAS DIOICA, Chamailerium luteum—
h. Erythrosperina, Amianthum musca'tnxicum — •
h. Lutea, Chamiulerium lutcum — h. Officinalis,
see Veratrina.
HELOPYRA, Elodes (febris^.
HELOPYKETUS. Elodes (febrisl.
IIELOS, Clavus, Marsh.
HELO'SIS, Helo'tin: from 'f/Xw, 'I turn.' Ever-
sion of the eyelids, and convulsions of the muscles
of the eves. Plica Polonica. Strabismus.
HELOTIS, Helosis. Plica..
HELUS. Clavus, Helos.
HELVELLA ESCULENTA, Morchella escu-
lenta.
HELXINE. Parietaria.
HEMACHROIN, Hatmatin.
II EM A D YXA METRE
4 5 1
IT E M 1 s r II r: r e
HEMADYNAMETKE, Ilremadynaniometer.
HEM AT) YNAMIQUE Iliemadynauiics.
HEMAPERITOXUtlilfAGIE, HcBwaperito-
tiin-h(iy"ia ; from 'ui^ia, ' blood,' peritoiiavm, and
prjyvviit, ' I break forth.' Ileiiiurrbage into the
peritoneum.
HEMAI'ROCTIE. Ilsemorrhois.
HE MAST A TIQ UES, llajmatostatica.
IIEMATIDROSE, Sudor cruentus.
IIEMATIN, HaMnatin.
HEM A TO-ENCEFHALfE, Apoplexy.
HEMATOID, IIiT^matodes.
HEM A TO'tDIKE, Htematoidin.
HEM A TULOdlE, Haematology.
HEMATOLO(iY, Hematology.
HEM ATOM YE LIE, Hemonhngie de la 3!o-
elie Epiiiiere.
HEMATONCIE, Hsematoneus, see Ilaemato-
des fungus — /(. F<ii>(/oide, Iltematodes fungus.
HEMATOPISIE, Hamatops.
HEMATORRHAOHIS, Apoplexia inyelitica.
]IEMATO.SIN, Hiematin.
IIEMATOSTATICS, Ilsematostatica.
HEM A TOST A TIQ UES, Hiumatostatica.
HEM A TOZOA IR ES, Htematoz.oa.
HEMEXDOOA RDE, lliemendocardiura.
HEMERA, 'tititpa, 'a day.' Dien. Hence:
HEMERALOPIA, see Nyctalopia.
llKMKiiALo'i'iA, from 'ny^cpa, 'the Any,' and
oTiTOftai, ' I see.' Hmmeralopt, Di/no'pia seu
Oali'ijo teiifhra'rum, Parop'sia Noctif'iiyn, Visns
diiir'n}!), Nyetalo'pia (of Kotiie), Ni/ctoljjphlo'ni'i,
Anihlyo'pia crcpKsciila' n'n, Cacilim crepiiKculn' i-in
seu uoctiir'nn, A'cies di'iir'iia, Eay-night, D<t\j-
vinion, Hen bliiiditenK, Night hUndiiefm, Noctnr'md
Anianro'nis, (F.) Vne diiinie, Aveuglcment de
Niiit. A disease, in whieli the eyes enjoy the
faculty of seeing, whilst the sun is above the
horizon, but are incapable of seeing by the aid
of artificial light. Its causes are not evident.
The eye, when carefully examined, presents no
alteration, either in its membranes or humours.
IIEM'ERALOPS, JMrea. One labouring under
hemeralopia. Also, Ilemeralopia.
IIEMERATYPHLOSrS, Nyctalopia.
IIEMERODROMA, Ephemera.
HEMEROPATHI'A; from 't,fi(pa, 'a day,' and
iraQos, 'an afiection.' A disease, which continues
only a day ; or, which is only observed during
the day.
HEMEROTYPHLOSIS, Nyctalopia
HEMI, ')iiJi, 'Tj/navs, 'half,' 'semi.' Hence:
HEMIACEPH'ALUS, (F.) Hemiacephole,from
hemi, a, privative, and KcipaXrt, 'head.' A mon-
ster whose head is represented by a shapeless
tumour, with some appendages or cutaneous folds
anteriorly, the thoracic extremities existing.
HEMIAMAUROSIS, Hemiupia.
HEMIANDRUS, JIunuch.
IIEMIANOR. Eunuch.
HEMIANTHROPIA, Mania.
HEMIANTHROPUS, Eunuch, Maniac.
IIEMIAZYrxA (Vena), see Azygos vein.
HEMICEPHAL^A, Hemicrania.
IlEMICEPIIAL^EUM, Sinciput.
IIEMICEPHALIUM, Sinciput,
HEMICEPHALUM, Sinciput.
HEMICEPH'ALUS, Hemienceph'nins, Semi-
ceph'aliw, from hemi, 'half,' and K£<pa\ri, 'head.'
One who tas half a head.
HEMICRA'NIA, Hemicephcdm'n, Migra'nn.
Grana, Hemipn'ijin, Hemipe'gin, Hete.rocra'niii,
Monopn'gin, Moiiope'gin, Cephalc'it Hemicrn'nia,
Hemipnthi'a, Neural' gin ccrehrn'liii. Megrim,
from //em/, ' half,' and Kpaviov, 'cranium.' (F.)
Jligraine. Pain, confined to one half the head.
It is almost always of an intermittent chnrncter;
— at times, continuing only as long a;- I he sun is
above the horizon : and hence soniciimis culled
SiDi-paiii, — and is cured by cincliniui, arsenic,
and the reuiodies adapted for interniiiu-nts.
lIicMicrtANiA Iniui'ATnicA, Neuralgiii, facial.
HE.MIDES'MUS IN'DICUS, ]'inp'l..,u 1,,'.
died, Asele'pias Pseudoiar'nn, Stiraitpiuil'ta lu'-
diea, Ndiinttri, Itidinii Sarsnpttrilla. Ord. As-
depiadaceiJ}. A Hindoostancc plant, the mot of
which, IleniideHiii'im (Ph. 1).), has a peculiar aro-
matic odour, and a bitterish taste. It is used in
India as a substitute for sarsaparilla.
UEMIDIALYSIS, Hemiplegia.
HEMIDIAPIIORE'SIS, 7'r,i„xpirr,'iio Utii-
lat'era ; from hemi, 'half,' and iiaijjofinais, 'per-
spiration.' Perspiration of one half the body.^
IIEMIEC'TON, JUmiee'le,,),, Se„ilxex't,ini. A
vessel capable of containing ',>6 chopincs or pints,
and in which fumigations were made in disuiit-es
of the uterus and vagina. — Hippocrates.
HEMIENCKPH'ALUS, {¥.) n,'mieHc/-jdi<,le,
from Iwnti, ' oi\e liaU',' and cyxcipahii, ' Urn ence-
phalon.' A monster, which lias no truce of the
organs of the senses, and yet has a brain nearly
natural. See Hemicephalus.
HEMIM'ELES, (F.) Hemiwele, from hemi,
'one half,' and /j cXoi, 'a limb.' A genus of
monsters, in which the upper or lower extremi-
ties are very defective — mere stumps, — and the
fingers and toes are entirely wanting or very im-
perfect.— I. G. St. Hilaire.
HEMIMCF'RION, from hemi, and ftoipa, ' ti
part.' ' One half.' — Foesius. Also, half a dracliiu.
— Erotian.
HEM'INA. A Greek measure, answering to
the Coti/le, KoTvXv, i- e. one half the sextarius, or
about half a pint, English.
HEMIOROL'ION, Hcmiol'olnn. Half the obo-
lus. A weight of about five grains. — Oorraius.
HEMIO'LION. A weight of 12 drachms, or
oz. li. — Galen. See Sescunciii.
HEMIO'PIA, Hemiop'ais, Hemiojn'asin, Sii/-
fii'nin diiiiid'iaiis, Visits dimidiu'tiis, Mormtir' yge
Hippoe'ratis, Hcmiumaiiro'sis, Amnwa'aia diiiii-
diii'ta, (F.) Hemiopie, from hemi, 'one half,' and
ojiToiiai, ' I see.' Depraved vision, in which the
person sees only one half of an object.
HEMIOPIASIS, Hemiopia.
HEJMIOPSIS, Hemioi)ia.
HEMIPA'GES, DIcor'yphns dihypogns'lritm,
Oc'topua syii((]>heoeeph'iil(is, from hemi, ' half,' and
Trnyi'viii, ' I fasten.' A monstrosity, in which
twins are united from the navel to the vertex. —
I. G. Saint Hilaire.
HEMIPAGIA, Hemicrania.
HEMIPATHIA, Hemicrania.
HEMIPEGIA, Hemicrania.
HEMIPIiO'NIA, from 'ni", 'half,' and ((.urri,
' voice.' Great weakness of voice. The husky
voice of those affected with cholera.
HEMIPLE'GIA, Hemiplex'io, Hcmidiid'ya!^,
Paral'ysis Hemiplegi<i, Semiple'gia, Seiiii-aido-
ra'tin, from hemi, ' one half,' and jr^ijffiru, or
ttAj/ttu), ' I strike.' Paralysis of one side of the
body. See Paralysis. One so palsied is said to
be hemi2deg"ic, semi-sidera'ius.
Hemiplegia Facialis, Paralysis, Bell's.
HEMIPLEXIA, Hemiplegia.
HEMIPROSOPLEGIA, Par.alysis, Bell's.
HEMISPH^RiE CEREBRI, Hemispheres of
the brain.
HEM'ISPHERE, Ilemispha'ra, Hemiapha'ri-^
vm, from hemi, 'one half,' and a(paipa, 'a sphere.
One half of a sphere or of a body having a sphe-
roidal shape.
Hemispheres of the Brain, Hrminpha'ra
cer'ebri, Uemispher' ical gau'glia, are the upper
HEMISPHERICAL GANGLIA 455
HEPATHJEMORRHAGIA
Rpbcroidnl portions of the brain, separated from
each other by tiie falx cerebri.
HEMISPHERICAL GANGLIA, Hemispheres
of the brain.
JIKMITE, Ilaeraitis.
IIEMITIIIT^'A (FEBRIS,) Fehns oemi-ter-
tln'iia scu seHqaidV tern, (F.) DkiiiS -tierce, Fiecre
ilcinilierce, from hetni, ' half,' and Tyiruioi, ' ter-
tian.' A soini-tertian fever, so called because it
hfcins to possess both the characters of the ter-
tian and quotidian intermittent. — Galen, Spi-
gelius.
1IK.MIUNCI.\, Hemiuncion.
IIEMIUN'CION, Hemiuit'cia, Semun'cia, Se-
mi un'c in. Half an ounce.
HEMLOCK, Pinus Canadensis, Conium macu-
latuiu — h. American, Cicuta maculata — h. Bas-
tard, Cha'ropliyllum sylvestre — h. Common,
Conium maculatum.
Hkmlock Diioi'WORT, (Enanthe.
llEMbocK, GuouNn, Taxus Canadensis.
Hemlock Gum, see Pinus Cadanensis — h.
Pitch, see Pinus Canadensis — h. Poison, Conium
. — h. Spruce, Pinus Canadensis.
Hemlock, Wateh, Ameiucan, Cicuta maculata,
Cicuta aquatica — h. Water, fine-leaved, Phellan-
driutQ aquaticuni — h. AVild, Cicuta maculata.
IIKMO-ANGIA rnUIIAGIE, Hannoptysis.
IIEMOCARDE, Ilajuiocardiorrhagia.
JIEMOCARDIOPLASTIES, see Polypus.
HEMODIA, Ilamodia.
}IEMO-ENOEFIIALORRHAGIE,Ai,o^\cxy.
IIEMOflEPA TORRHAGIE, Ilepatorrhagia.
JfEMOMETRE, HaMuadynamometer.
JIEMOMYELORRHAGIE, Apoplexy, spinal.
JIEMOFERICA ROE, ILcmopericardium.
HEMOPTYSfE. Ilccmoptysis — /j. Foudroy-
n»te, see Hiicmoptysis.
HEMORRHAGE, Haemorrhagia — h. Acciden-
tal, see Hi»morrhagia — h. Active, see Haemorrha-
gia— h. from the Bladder, Cystirrhagia — h. Con-
stitutional, see Hajmorrhagia — h. Critical, see
Hicmorrhagia — h. by Exhalation, see Haemorrha-
gia— h. External, see Haemorrhagia — h. General,
see Haemorrhagia — h. from the Intestines, Me-
hrna — h. Internal, see Haemorrhagia — h. Inter-
stitial, Apoplexy — h. Local, see Ilannorrhagia —
h. of the Mucous Membranes, see Hicmorrhagia
— h. Passive, see Ilaamorrhagia — h. from the Pi-
tuitary Membrane, Epistaxis — h. Pleural, Ila-ma-
tothorax — h. Se«)ndary, see Haemorrhagia — h.
from the Skin, Sudor cruentus — h. Spinal, Apo-
plexy, spinal — h. Spontaneous, see Ilajmorrhagia
— h. Supplementary, see Haemorrhagia — h. Symp-
tomatic, see HaMUorrhagia — h. of the Tissues, see
ILeiuorrhagia — h. Traumatic, see Hajraorrhagia
— h. Uterine, Metrorrhagia.
HEMORRHAGIC PLEURISY, ILematotho-
rax.
HEMORRHAGIE liUCCALE, Stomatorrha-
gia— h. Cerebralc, Apoplexy — h. dii Cwiir, Hamo-
cardiorrhagia — h. du Foic, Ilepatorrhagia — h. In-
temtiticl/e, Apoplexy — //. Iiiterntitielle du Poumon,
Haemoptysis — h. den lutcitiiis, Haematoehezia —
h. de la }[ixtrice, Metrorrhagia — /(. J/hriiH/ee,
Apoplexy meningeal — h. de lu Mo'dle epiniere,
Apiiplexia myolilica — A. A'(i*(i/c, Epistaxis — h. de
la Vessie, Cystirrhagia.
HEMORRHAGIP'AROUS, (F.) Himorrhagi-
pare, tvowx h(eiiiorrhayi<i, 'hemorrhage,' andjoa-
rire, 'to bring forth.' That which gives occasion
to hemorrhage : thus, softening of the neurine
may he liemorrhngiparoiis.
JfEMORRHLyiE, Epistaxis.
HEMORRUO'IDAIRE (F.). One who is sub-
ject to hemorrhoids.
HEifORRHOYDES, HsEmorrhois — //. Aveu-
gles, Caecae hajmorrhoides. See Hamorrhois.
HEMORRHOSCOPIE, H^matoscopia.
HEMOSPASIE, Hamospasia.
H^MOSPASIQ UE, Haraospastic.
HEMOSTASIE, Hamostasia.
HEMOSTATICS, Hamatostatica.
HEMOSTA TIQUES, Hamatostatica.
HEMP, INDIAN, Apocynum cannabinum,
Bangue — h. Wild, Ambrosia tritida.
HEMPWEED, AROMATIC, Eupatorium aro-
maticum — h. Roundleaved, Eupatorium rotundi-
folium.
HEMPSEED, see Cannabis sativa.
HENBANE, Hyoscyamus.
HENBIT, Lamium amplexicaule.
HEN-BLINDNESS, Hemeralopia.
HENNE, Lawsonia inermis.
HENRICEA PIIARMACEARCHA, Gentiana
chirayita.
HENRICUS RUBENS, Colcothar.
HEPAR, 'ijira/;, 'genitive,' 'i/furof, 'liver.' A
name for substances resembling liver in appear-
ance. The ancient name for the liver of sulphur,
Jlepar aul'phuris ; which is sometimes a com-
pound of sulphur and potassium; at others, of
sulphur and potassa. See Potassa sulphuretum.
Hepar Adiposum, Adiposis hcpatica — h. Adul-
terinum, Spleen.
Hepau Antimonia'tum is a compound of a.
sulphuret of antimony and an alkali. See Oxy-
dum stibii sulphuratum.
Hepar Mautia'le. A compound of sulphuret
of potass and an oxide of iron.
Hepar Sanguinis, see Blood — h. Sinistrum,
Spleen.
Hepar Succenturia'tum. An additional liver
or liver lobe; a case of malformation.
Hepau Sulpiiuris Salinum, Potassa sulphu-
retum— h. Sulphuris volatile, Ammonia> sulphu-
retum— h. Uterinum, Placenta — h. Variegatum,
Liver, nutmeg.
HEPATAL'GIA, Ifepntodyn'ta, Neural'gia
Jie'patis, Col'ica hepat'ica, from 'rrrrap, 'rinarog,
'liver,' and aXyo;, 'pain.' Pain in the liver.
Neuralgia of the liver, (F.) Nevrahjie du Foie.
Hepatalgia Calculosa, Coliea hepatica — h.
Petitiana, Turgescentia vesicula fellea — h.
Phlegmonoides, Hepatitis.
HEPATAPOSTE'MA, from 'r,7:ap, 'riraroi, and
atroBTtifta, 'an abscess.' Abscess of the liver.
HEPATARIUS, Hepaticus.-
HEPATATROPH'IA, Atroph'ia seu Aridu'ra
he'pntis, from 'tjirap, 'rjTtaTos, and atrophia, 'atro-
phy.' Atrophy of the liver: — a general con-
comitant of Cirrho'sis he'patis.
HEPATAUXB, Hypcrtroph'ia he'patis, (F.)
Hyperhepatotrophie, Flypertrophie du foie. Hy-
pertrophv of the liver.
HEPATECHE'MA, Sou'itus hepat'icus, from
')77rap, 'rjrruTos, and 'ri^iiia, 'sound.' Sound ren-
dered by the liver on percussion.
HEPATEMPHRAX'IS, from ',,wap, 'nvaroi,
and cpippaaaiii, 'I obstruct.' Einphrax' is hepiatix.
Hepatic obstruction. — Ploucquet.
HEPATENCEPHALO'MA, Hepatomyelo'ma,
Fungus he'patis meduUa'ria, from 'iinap, 'tj-raros,
and tyKc<pa\oi, ' encephalon.' Encephaloid of the
liver.
HEPATE'RUS, Hepat'icus, Jecnra'rius. A
variety of diarrhcea, Flujcus hepaticus. — Gorraus.
HEPATH^MORRnAG"IA, Hmmorrhag"ia
hepat'icti, Hepatorrhog"ia, A])oplex'ia hepat'ica,
(F.) Hemorrhagie du foie, Hiuwhepatorrhagie,
from 'ri-nap, 'nzaroi, and 'atpvppayia, 'hemorrhage.'
Hemorrhage from the liver.
HEPATIC
4 5 0
IIEPATOCIIOLORRIKEA
ITEPAT'IO, Hepat'icHi, Hepnta'rum, Hepnte'-
rnn, Hep«lo'i'<les, Hepnto' des, Jectira'ri an, Jec'ora/,
(F.) Hcp/iliqiie Jcchraire, from 'rimip, ');iruToj.
i)e!oni;iiig or relating to or resembling liver.
Hkpatic Am'tery, Arte' rift Heput' icn. One of
the three brunches given off by the ca'liiic. It
jiisses towanis the inferior surfaee of the liver;
where it divides into two branches, a riijht and
i( left, which proceed towards the corresjjonding
I'arts of that organ. The right branch gives ott'
the cystic artery. Before dividing, the hepatic
;irtery sends off two considerable branches, the
A. pijloricd and G((ntro-€pip/ulcit dt.vtru.
[[ki'Atic Diict, Ductus heprit'icim, (F.) Canal
h''pi(ii</i(e, is about three fingers' breadth in
liMigth, and of the size of a quill. It is formed
by the union of the biliary ducts, and joins the
cystic duct at a very acute angle, to form the
ductus choledoehus. Its function is to convey
the bile from the liver towards the duodenum.
Hkpatic Islets, see Liver — h. Lobules, see
liiver.
HuPATic Plexts, Plexus hepnt'iciis, consists
of nervous filaments, sent by the coeliac plexus
to the liver, which accompany the hepatic artery.
Hepatic Veins, Siipm-hepnlic Veins, Vena
ciirm Iiepid'fccB, (F.) Veiiies sus-hcpiitiqiies, Jutrn-
hib'idar veins, do not follow the course of the
arteries of the same name. They arise in the
substance of the liver; converge towards the
jiosterior margin of that viscus, and open into
the vena cava inferior. They convey away the
lilood carried to the liver by the hepatic artery
and vena porta.
IIEPAT'ICA. Medicines believed to be oa-
jiable of affecting the liver.
IIepatii.'A, H. triloba — h. Americana, H. tri-
bdia — h. Fontana, Marchantia polymorpha — • h.
Nobilis, H. triloba — h. Stellata, Asperula odorata.
IIrpATICA TrIL'oba. H. Ameriea'na, Anemo'ne
Ifpat'icn seu noh'ilis, Herbii trrnitii'tis, Hepnt'ica,
Heptit'ioia fios, Tiifu'linm hepnt'icum seu an' -
re.iim, Livevwnrt, Liverweed, Trefoil, Nohle Liver-
■iriirt, Herb Triii'ity, (F.) Hepatiqite des jardins.
The leaves of this phint — Hepat'icn (Ph. U. S.)
— are a gentle astringent, but not possessed of
inueb virtue.
IIEPATICULA, Hepatitis, chronic.
HEPATICUS, Hepateros — h. Flos, Hepatica
triloba.
HEPATIFICATIO, Hepatizati^on.
frEPATfQUE,Uv\^ntic—h. Et<,ilee, Asperula
odorata — !i. des Fontaine, Marchantia polymor-
pha— /(. des JfirdiKs, Hepatica triloba.
HEPATIRRHCE'A, F/uxus hepat'iens, Dyacn-
ter'in hep(tt' ica, Diurrlive'a hep<tt'ic'i, Hepator-
rlive'ii, JJepatocJudiirrhte'a, Hepntodysenler' i<i, Ile-
piitorrh<i(j"ia, Ifaruate'ra, Aimate'ra, (F.) Flux
lippntiqne, from 'rjTraf), 'riTntTOi, and pto), '1 flow.'
A species of diarrhoea in which the excreted
matters seem to cotue from the liver, or are much
mixed with bile.
HEPATL'^ EMUNCTORIA. Inguen— h. Sus-
pensorium. Ligament, suspensory, of the liver.
HEPATISATIO, Hepatization —h. Pulmo-
nuui. Hepatization of the Lungs.
HEPATISATIOX, Hepatization — ^. Grise,
see Hepatization — /;. Ronr/e, see Hepatization.
HEPATITES VENA, Cava vena.
HEPATI'TIS, Einpres'nin liepati'tis, Cnuma
seu Inlifimnid'tio he'palis, I. Jeein'oris, Febris
hepnt'ica infl<immato'ria, Nepatal'f/ia phleijmo-
iio'i'des. Morbus jecin'oris, Ih-pntophley' mone, In-
jhimni'ition of the liver, (F.) Hepatite, inflam-
mation dn foie, Picee. (Provincial); from 'rinap,
'r/TruToif ' liver,' and ids, denoting inflammation.
It m.ay be seated either in the peritononl cover-
ing, Sero-hepiiti'tis, Hejiali'tis velanuuto'sa seu
extern'a, Feritoni'tis liepiit'ica, I'erititpuli'tis,
or in the substance of the liver, JJepiiti'lis puren-
clit/nnito'sa, or in ))oth, /'iiro-liejiiiti'lis, and n^ay
be acute or chrmiic. The ]jeculiar syiiiptoiiis
are: — pain in the right bypi.chondrium, shooting
to the back and right shoulder, and increased on
pressure; difficulty of lying on the left side;
sometimes jaundice with cough, and synoclia.
Its termination is generally by resolution : — in
tropical climates it often runs on to suppuration,
Jec'oria voni'iea, liepati'tis apostemnto'sa, the
abscess breaking either externally, or forming a
communication with the intestines or chest, or
breaking into the cavity of the abdomen. The
cruises are those of inflammation in general.
Heat predisposes to it; hence Its greater frequency
in hot climates. On dissection of those who have
died of it. the liver has been found hard and en-
larged ; colour of a deep purple ; or the mem-
branes have been more or loss vascular: or ad-
hesions, or tubercles, or hydatids, or abscesses,
or biliary calculi may be met with. The treat-
ment must be bcdd. Bleeding, general and local,
fomentations, blisters, purgatives, and the anti-
phlogistic regimen. In hot climates especially, a
new action must be excited by mercury as early
as possible.
Hkpatitis Aposthmatosa, see Hepatitis.
Hepatitis, Chronic, Hepati'tia chnm'iea, In-
Jlanuna'tio he'patia lenta. Hepatitis oeenl'ta. He-
patic' nla, Snbinjlanima'iio he'patis, (F.) Clrroiio-
hepatite, Chronic liver disease, is not as common
as is believed. It may be suspected fron) the
existence of the symptoms above mentioned,
when in a minor degree; enlargement, constant
dull pain in the region of the liver; sallow coun-
tenance; hinh -coloured urine; clay-coloured
faeces, &e. The great object of treatment is to
excite a new action by mercury and counter-
irritants, and to keep the liver free by cathartics.
Hepatitis Cvstk^a, Cholecystitis — h. E-vterna,
see Hepatitis — h. Occulta, H. chronic — h. Vcla-
tnentosa, see Hepatitis — h. Parenchymatosa, see
Hepatitis.
HEPATIZA'TION, Ilepatisa'tin, Heputijica'.
tio, from 'riTtafi, 'rj-nciToi. Conversion into a liver-
like substance. Apiilied to the lungs when gorged
with effused matters, so that they are no longer
pervious to the air — Heputisa'tiu pidmo'nitm,
Cariiijiea'tio ptdmo'mim. In such state, they are
said to be liepatized.
Hepatization, Ked, (F.) Hepatiaatinn row/e,
Endtircisseuient ronije, l{((niiilllssenient rouyc, cha-
racterizes the first stage of consolidation of the
lungs in pneumonia.
Hepatization, Gray, (F.) Hepatiaatinn griae,
Induration tjriae, lianmllissenient (/ris, liifdlnition
piiruleute, characterizes the third stage, or stage
of purulent infiltration.
HEPATIZON, Chloasma.
HEPATOC'ACE, from 'rjTTaf,, 'rjiraTos, and KOKOf,
'evil.' Gangrene of the liver.
IIEPATOCE'LE, from 'r,nnp, 'riJiam, and
K>i\r), 'a tumour;' Her'nin hepat'ica; Heriiin if
the liver. (F.) Ifernie dn foie. The liver has
never been found entirely out of the abdomi-
nal cavity. Increase of its bulk, or injuries
of the parietes of the abdomen, have been the
sole cause of the protrusions which have been
occasionally met with, especially in infants, in
whom the upper part of the linca alba is very
weak, and indeed scarcely seems to exist. Sau-
vages has distinguished two species of hepatocele:
— the ventral (in the linea alba), and the umbili-
cal or hepatomphalum,
HEPATOCHOLORRHCEA, Hcpaiirrhaa.
IIErATOCOLICUM
45 7
HERBARIUM
ITEPATOCO'LICUM. A ligamentof the liver,
(iL'scrilxid l)y lliillcr, as passing from the ^nW-
blii'lder and contiguous sinus portarum, across
tlie (Inixlenuin, to the colon. Another, termed
Ifrpnto-rciiii/, descends from the root of the liver
to the kidney. They are both peritoneal.
H EPATOCYS'TIC, Ifep'itonj^'tlcns, Ci/ttkle-
jtfl'iriin, from 'tjnap, 'rjnaTOi, and Kvarti, ' bladder.'
Iti'lutin;; to the liver and gall-bladder.
IIki'atocvstic Duct, DucIuh liepntocyst'icus.
The eholedoch duct.
IIK1"AT0L)YME, Jlepatod'ymus, from 'ij'^af,
'r;rr<Tos, iitid ^tiv/iof, 'a twin.' A monster united
at tlie liver, and double above.
JIEI'ATODYNIA, Ilepatalgia.
Ill'^PATODYSENTERIA, Hepatirrhcoa.
IlKl'ATOGASTRIC, Gastrohepatic.
IIHI'ATOGASTROCIIOLOSIS, Fever, bilious,
Fever, ^^ai^trie.
HErATOG'RAPHY, Hcpatogra'phi'n ; from
'rj^ap, 'i/rarof, and ypu'Pri, 'a description.' The
part of anatomy which describes the liver.
IIEPATOIl-^-j'-MIA, Hjipevep.'min Jie'patis, He-
pid'ic L'liiforye'iiioit, (F.) Hi/pevfiin'e (In Foie, from
'rinup, 'iinarof, and 'atfia, ' blood.' Sanguineous
congestion of the liver.
IIKl'ATODES, Hepatic.
]IEPAT0"II)ES, Hepatic.
HEPATOLITHI'ASIS, from V«p, ''irraroi,
und XiOiaaij, •formation of stone.' The forma-
tion of concretions, Hi'pntol' ithi, in the liver.
IIEPATOL'OGY, Hcjxttoloif'id, from 'i^vap,
'lyiroTuf, and \oyoi, 'a discourse,' 'treatise.' A
treatise on the liver.
IIEPATOMALA'CIA, iValaco'sia Jie'pnti'n, (P.)
Uumolliniciiieiit dii Foie. Softening of the liver.
HEPATOM'PHALUS, from 'riir„p, 'iinaTo;,
'liver,' and oit(lui\os, 'navel.' Hernia of the liver
at the umbilicus.
HEPATOMYELOMA, Hepatencephaloma.
IIEPATON'CUS, from '777:0^, 'tivaTOi, and oyKo;,
'a tumour.' Tumefaction of the liver.
IlEPATOPAREC'TAMA, from 'rinap. 'nrraros,
rnd TTH/icicrcj/ia, ' considerable extension.' Exces-
sive enlargement of the liver.
HEPATOPATHTA, from 'vnap, 'vnaroi, and
irnOoj, 'suffering.' Liver-disease. Disease of the
liver.
HEPATOPATIUE OANCEREUSE, Hepa-
toscirrhus — h. TitbercnleiiHe, Hepntontruinosie.
IlEPATOPHLEGJIONE, Hepatitis.
HEPATOPHTIirSIS, Phlhisix hepat'ica, from
'n^ap, '>]i:aTOi, and (pdtu), ' I consume.' Consump-
tion from suppuration of the liver.
HEPATORRHAGIA, Hepatirrhcea, Hepathae-
morrliagia.
KEPATORRHEX'IS, from 'rj^rap, 'v^ans, and
/)r;(i(, ' rupture.' Rupture of the liver.
HEPATORRHCEA, Hepatirrhoea.
IlKi'A rOSAROOMlE, Hepatoscirrhus.
HEPATOSCIR'RHUS, from '/jirap, '^^Traroj,
and (TKippo?, ' cancerous induration.' Scirrlum
hi'patix. Enri'pliidd'iiis or Ctircimi'iita of the liver,
{V.) llrpiittiKitnomie, Hfpotopnthie cnncermme,
Cancer du Foie. Scirrluis or Cancer of the
iiver.
HEPATOSTIlUJfOSfE. Tidier' cula he'pntis,
(V.) Tiiberoiles du F<iie, Hepninpnthie tubercn-
liitfe ; from 'rjTiip, 'ijrraroj, and struma, ' a tu-
mour,' 'a scrofulous tumour.' Tubercle of the
liver.
HEPATOT'OMY, from 'rjnap, '/jiraroy, and
tt/iKo, ' I cut.' Disseciiou of the liver.
HEPTALOS, Epialos.
HEPS, see Rosa canina.
HEPSEMA, Decoction.
HEPSESIS, Decoction.
HEPTAL CYCLE, see Cycle.
HEPTAL'LON GRAV'EOLENS, Hogwort,
Beam' fright. An indigenous jilant, which has
a fetid porcine smell; and is said to be used by
the Indians as a diaphoretic, cathartic, Ac.
HEPTAPHAR'MACUM, from 'tirra, 'seven,'
and (jiapjiaKov, 'a rum_)?dy.' A medicine composed
of seven substances ; cerusse, litharge, pitch, wax,
colophony, frankincense, and bullock's fat. It was
regarded as laxative, suppurating and healing.
HEPTAPHYLLUM, Tormentilla.
HEPTAPLEURON, Plantago major.
HERACLEUM, see H. lanatum — h. Branca,
H. spondylium.
Heraclk'i'M SpONDYL'ium, //. Bran'en. Branca
urni'iia seu Gerninii'ica, Spoudiil'ium, Sphoiidi/l'-
ium, Cow Parxuep, Al/-he(d, ('•iw-tiiuwhle, (Sc.)
Buiieu-aiid, (Prov.) Cuxhia, (F.) lierce, Branc-
urnine bdtarde. Faunae Acanthe. Order, Umbel-
liferaj. Ser. Sj/nt. Pentandria Digynia. Dedi-
cated to 'Hpu/fXi7f, ' Hercules.' The root of thia
plant has a strong, rank smell ; and a pungent,
almost caustic taste. It has been given as a
tonic, stomachic and carminative ; both in powder
and in decoction. The Russians, Lithuanians,
and Poles obtain from its seeds and leaves, by
fermentation, a very intoxicating spirituous liquor,
which they call Parst.
The root of Heravlc' um Lnno'tttm. 3fasterwort,
Cote parnucp, — Hcrarlc'iim (Ph. U. S.) — is in the
secondary list of the Pharmacopteia of the United
States.
HERACLBUS MORBUS, Epilepsy.
HERB, Herba, Bot'ane. Any ligneous plant,
which loses its stalk during the winter.
Herb, Bi^esskd, Geum urbanum — h. Christo-
pher, Actaja spicata.
Hkhb-Doctok, Botau'ical doctor or ph!/nic."ian.
One who treats diseases altogether by herbs; aa
the — so called — " Thompsonians."
Herb of Grace, Gratiola officinalis — h. Mas-
tich, common. Thymus mastichina — h. Mastich,
Syrian, Toucrium niarum — h. Peter, Primula
veris h. Robert, Geranium Robertiannm — h.
of Saint Cuncgonde, Eupatorium cannabinum — h.
Sophia, Sisymbrium sophi.a — h. Trinity, Ilepatica
triloba.
HERBA, Herb — h. Alexandrina, Smyrnium
olusatrum — h. Althaea;, Pelargonium cucullatum
— h. Anthos, Rosmarinus — h. lienedicta, Geum
urbanum — h. Britannica, Ilumex hydvolapathum
— h. Canni. Artemisia santonica — h. Cardiaca,
Leonurus cardiaca — h. Cardui veneris, Dipsacus
fullonuni — h. Dorea, Solidago virgaurea — h. Fe-
lis, Ncpeta — h. (ienipi, Achillea atrata — h. Ignis,
Lichen pyxidatus — h. Mclancholifuga, Fumaria
— h. Militaris, Achillea niillefolinm — h. Papilla-
ris, Lnpsana — h. Paralyseos, Primula veris- — h.
Paralytica, Primula veris — h. Patie lapina:, Leo-
nurus car<liaca — h. Pulicaris, Plantago psyllium
— h. Quercini. Lichen plicatus — h. Sacra, Ver-
bena officinalis — h. Salivaris, Antliemis pyre-
thrum — h. Sardonia, Ranunculus sccleratus — h.
Scelerata, Ranunculus sclcratus — h. Sideritidis,
(Jaleopsis irrandiflora — h. Tahaci, Xiootiana taba-
cuin — h. Trinitatis, Anemone hepalica, Viola tri-
color— h. Veneris, Adiantum pedatum — h. Ven-
tis. Anemone Pulsatilla — h. Vitri, see Salsola
kali — h. Zazarhendi. Origanum.
HERB.E PRO ENEMATE, Clyster herbs —
h. pro fotu. Fomentation herbs.
HERBALIST. Herborist.
UERBA'RIUM, from herba, a plant. (F.)
IIERKARIUS
458
HERNIA
fferlier. A collection of plants. Generally ap-
plied to a collection of dried plants — Horliis sic-
cus. In Pliarini\ev, a plant that is used entire.
HRR15ARIUS, llerborist,
HEUBE, Herb — It. uux AbeiUea, Spiraea ulma-
ria — h. ail C'loicrr, Plumbago Europsea — h.au
CeutaHie, Cliironia centauriuni — h. aiix Chniitrcs,
Erysimum — h. aii.c C/uirpeiitiers, Achillea mille-
folium, Justitia pectoralis — h. txitx Chats, Nepeta,
Teuerium marum — h. ati Coq, Tanaeetum bal-
sauiita — h. ait Citi/lers, Cochlearia officinalis —
h. aux Jicrovellcs, Scrophularia nodosa — h. aiix
JlJviis, Lysimachia nummularia — h. d Etenmer,
Achillea ptarniica — h, <X la Fievre, Chironia ccn-
taurium — )i. niijr Fennnes balliics, Tamus commu-
nis— h, de Grace, Rata — h. aux Gue.ux, Clematis
vitalba — h. aiix Hemurrhoith's, Ranunculus fica-
ria — /(. d, V Hirondelle, Chelidonium majus — h. a
la floiiette, Asclepias Syriaca — h. d' Ivrogiie, Lo-
lium temulentum — /(. den Jitifs, Solidago virgau-
rea — h. aux Ladrcs, Veronica — h. aux Mamelles,
Lapsana — h. aux Itfonches, Conyza squarrosa —
h. aux Ifnrailles, Parietaria — A. des A'ones, Pa-
rietaria — h. aux Oies, Potentilla rejjtans — h. a
Paris, Paris — h. d la Parati/sie, Primula veris —
h. an Paitvre homme, Gratiola officinalis — /(. aux
Perles, Lithospermura officinale — h. d Pisser,
Pyrola umbellata — h. d la Poudre de C/ij/pre,
Hibiscus abelmoschus — h. aux Poiix, Delphinium
staphisagria — h. 6, la Puce, see Apocynum hyi)eri-
cifolium — h. aux Puces coiiiniinie, Phintago psyl-
lium— A. d liuhert, Geranium Robertianum — h. d
la Jtosee, DroHsra rotundifolia — h. de Saiiite
Barhe, Erysimum barbarea — h. Sainte Christo])he,
Actaea spieata — h. de Sainte Etienne, Circaea lute-
tiana — li. Saint Fiacre, Verbascum thapsus — h.
de Saint .Jean, Artemisia vulgaris — h. Saint Jean,
Glechoma hederacea — h. de Saint Quiriii, Tus-
silago — h. de Saint lioch. Inula dyscnterica — h.
Sainte Rose, Pajonia — h. aux Sorciers, Circaia.
lutetiana, Datura stramonium — h. aux Tcigneux,
Arctium lai)pa — h. d Tons les Manx, Verbena
officinalis — h. Tnrque, Ilerniaria glabra — h. aux
Vers, Tanaeetum vulgare — h. aux Vermes, Ilelio-
tropium Europasum.
HERBIER, Herbarium, Ingluvies.
HERBIVOROUS, Herhic'orus, from herha,
'grass,' and voro, 'I eat.' An epithet applied to
animals which feed on herbs.
HER'BORIST, Hcrha'rius. One who deals in
useful plants. An Herb'alist or Herh'arist.
HERBORIZA'TION, llerhu'rum inqnisit"io.
An excursion, made with the view of collecting
plants. Such excursions are directed by the
Apothecaries' Company of London, for the use
of their apprentices, &e.
HERBS, FIVE CAP'ILLARY, Quinque herha
eapilla' res, were, anciently, hart's tongue ; black,
white, and golden maiden-hair, and spleenwort.
Herbs, Five Emol'lient, Quinque herbce emol-
h'en'tes, were, anciently, beet, mallow, marsh-
mallow, French mercurj', and violet.
HERCULES ALLHEAL, Pastinaca opoponax.
HERCULES MORBUS, Epilepsy.
HEREDITAFRE, Hereditary.
HERED'ITARY,/fffr<;(//<a'ri«s, J5ccerf(7a'nH«,
GentHit"ius, Sym'phytos, Syn'genes, (F.) Heredi-
taire, from hceris, hmredis, 'an heir.' An epithet
given to diseases, communicated from progeni-
tors. Such diseases may e.xist at birth ; or they
may supervene at a more or less advanced period
of e.xisteiice. Hereditary diseases, Mmbi heredi-
ta'rii, (F.) Maladies hereditaires, often prevail
amongst several members of a family, or are
fumily diseases or complaints.
HERMAPHRODE'ITY,//-?rmr,;jArorf»Via,Fer-
tnnphroditis'mus, Hermnjih rod is' miis, Fab'rica an-
dro(/"i/iia, Androijyn'ia, Gi/nan'dria, Hermaph'-
rodism, ITerninph' rod it ism ; from 'E/i/ii;f ' Afer-
cury,' and Aij'fioStri), ' Venus.' .Apiiertaining to
Mercury and Venus. Union of the two se.ves in
the same individual.
HEKMAPHKODISIA, Hermapbrodcity.
HEKMAPH'RODITE. Same etymon. Ifer.
maj)lirodi'tiis,(ly'nida,Andrii(/"yiius, (Sc.) Srarchi,
(Prov.) Srral. One who possesses the attributes
of male and female: who unites in himself the
two sexes. A term, applied to an animal or plant
which is, at the siuive time, both male and female.
True hermaphrodites are only met with in tlio
lower degrees cjf the animal scale, ajuongst the
zoophytes, mollusca, or gasteropoda. The indi-
viduals of the human species, regarded as hernia-
jthroditcs, owe this appearance to a vicious con-
formation of the genital organs; a kind of mon-
strosity, which renders them unfit for generation,
although an attentive examination may exhibit
the true sex. Hermaphrodites have, likewise,
been described, which, instead of uniting the
attributes of both sexes, cannot bo considered
male or female. These^'have been called neutral
hermaphrodites.
HERMAPIIRODITISMUS, Hermaphrodeity.
HEKMAPHRODITUS, Hermaphrodite.
HERMET'ICA DOCTRI'NA, Nermrtira ars,
(F.) Herinetique. The doctrine of Hermes, a
celebrated Egyptian jihilosopher, who is con-
sidered the father of alchemy. That part of
chymistry, whose object was the pretended trans-
mutation of the metals.
HERMODAC'TYLUS, Dactyle'tus, An'ima nr-
ticiilo'riini, from 'Ep/j??;. • Mercury,' and iiiKTv\o{,
'a finger;' or rather from Ilennns, a river m
Asia, upon whose banks it grows, and (Ju/cruXos,
' a date ;' or from 'E/i/j»;f, ' Mercury,' and ^cxmAof,
'a date;' (F.) Hemiodartyle, Herinodacte ou Her.
modate. The root of the Hermodactyl was for-
merly used as a cathartic. By some, it is ^up-
posed to be identical with the Iris tuhero'sa.
The best testimony seems to be in favour of its
being a variety of the colchicura. — Col'chivum
Illyr' irinn. Under the name Hermodartyls, roots
or bulbs of an unknown ]dant, growing in the
countries about the eastern extremity of the
Mediterranean, are sold in the sho])S of Europe.
HERMODA TE. Ilennodactvlus.
HEKMaPH'JLUS, from 'E/>/i;,f, 'Mercury,'
and 0iAo5, 'a lover.' One who is fond of mercury
as a medicine.
HER'NIA, Rfimex, Rupfu'ra, R. hemin'sn,
Orepatii'ra, Ectop'ia hernio'sa, Ccle, Rupture,
Burst, (F.) Harijne, JJesceiite, Effort, Greceure,
Ronipciire. From cfivot, 'a shoot' [{]. Any tumour,
formed by the displacement of a viscus or a por-
tion of a viscus, which has escaped from its na-
tural cavity by some aperture, and projects e.xter-
nally. HerniiK have been divided into, — I. Uer-
niii of the Brain: Encephalocele ; 2. Hernia of
the Thorax; Pneuraoeele; ?>. Hernia of the Ab-
domen.
Abdiim'inal Hernia; are remarkable for their
frequency, variety, and the danger attending
them. They are produced by the protrusion of
the viscera, containe<l in the abdomen, through
the natural or accidental apertures in the pnrietis
of that cavity. The organs, which form thciii
most frequently, are the intestines and the ej)i-
ploon. These herniiie have been divided, accord-
ing to the apertures by which they escape, into:
1. [ii'ijuinid or Siiprn-Pn'bian Hernia. These
issue by the inguinal canal : they are called Bit-
bonoce'le. when small ; and Scrotal Hernia of
Oschence'le, in man, when they descend into the
scrotum :^— Vulvar Hernia or I'mlen'dal or La'-
bial Hernia, Episioce'le, in women, when they
extend to the labia m.ijora. 2. Crural or Fern'-
oral Hernia, Me'roce'le, when they issue by iho
HERNIA
45 9
UERXlE
crural canal. 3. Tnfrn-Pn'hmn fTeniia, (¥.) Ihr-
iii'e HDitK-jniiieiiue, Ootleoce'le, Opeoce'le, Ojiodeo-
ce'le, Htr'iiin forfim'iiiiii ova'lix, when the viscera
cse:i])c throu;;li the opening, which gives passage
ti) the iiifra-pubian vessels. 4. hchidt'ic Ilenn'a ;
when it takes place through the sacro-sciatic
notcll. 0. Uinliil' if.iil Heniiri, Exoiii'ph'il'in, Oiii-
phdlocfi'le ; when it occurs at the umbilicus or
near it. 6. Epif/iin'lr!c Hernia; — occurring
through the linca niba, above the umbilicus. 7.
Jli/piiij'iHlric or fiij'r((-iinibil' ictil llc.niia, Cu'lio-
ce'te, HijpiirjriHtrnrc'le, — when it occurs through
the liiicii alba below the umbilicus. 8. Perina'al
Jienn'd.MexoHcelitre'le, Her'nia periiim'i, Perinao-
ce.'le, Perhieorc'/e — when it takes place through
the levator ani, and Mp|)ears nt the perineum. 9.
Vii<j"rintl- Hernia, Uote(i(-e'le seu Et iff race' le —
through the paricties of the vagina. 10. Dia-
pliruijiniil'ic Heritla, D'uiphrag-inatoce'le ; when it
passes through the diaphragm.
JlerniiB are likewise distinguished, — according
to the viscera forming them, — into Euteroce'le,
Epipl'X'e.'le, En'ierii-ppipiloee'le, Giistroce'le, Cys-
toce.'le, Hepatoce' le, Sple)ioce'le, Ac.
When a hernia can be restored to its natural
cavity, by the aid of pressure, &c., properly ap-
plied, it is said to be reducible. It is, on the con-
trary, irreducible, when adhesion, bulk, Ac, op-
pose its return. When the aperture, which has
given passage to the hernia, occasions more or
less constriction on the protruded portion, the
hernia is said to be iucar'cemted or etrdn'gnlnted ;
and, if the constriction be not removed, consti-
pation, hiccough, vomiting, and all the signs of
violent inflammation, followed by gangrene, su-
pervene, with alteration of the features, small
pul.'ie, cold extremities, and death.
The therapeutical indications are, — 1. As re-
gards reducible hernia: — to replace the viscera
in tlie abdomen by the ta.\is ; and to retain them
there by the use of a truss, which, if properly
adiipted, may effect a radical cure. 2. As reijtirds
irreducible lieniia : — to support the tumour- by
an appropriate suspensory bandage. .3. As re-
gards straiif/uldted hcriiin : — to have recourse to
the ta.vis ; blood-letting ; warm bath : tobacco
glystcrs ; ice to the tumour ; iind, if these should
not succeed, to perform an operation, which con-
sists in dividing the covering of the hernia, and
cutting the aponeurotic ring, which causes the
strangulation; — reducing the displaced viscera,
unless their diseased condition should require
theiu to be retained without; — dressing the wound
appropriately: — restoring the course of the faeces
by means of gentle glysters — preventing or com-
bating inflammation of the abdominal viscera ; —
conducting the wound to cicatrization, by appro-
priate means ; and afterwards supporting the ci-
catri.K by a bandage.
The word hernia was also used, of old, for the
scrotum, and, not unfrequently, for the testicle.
IIkrnia, Ankuuismal, Cirsomphalus — h. Ar-
teriarum, see Aneurism — b. of the Bladder, Cys-
tocele — h. Hronchiiilis, Broncbncele — h. Carnosa,
Sarcoccle — h. of the Cerebellum, Parencephalo-
cele — h. Cerebri, Encephaloeele.
Hkunia, Congrn'it.VL, Hemin cnngen'itn, is a
protrusion of some of the contents of the abdomen
into the Tunica vaginalis testis, owing to a want
of adhesion between its sides, after the descent
of the testicle.
Hkrnia Corvk.1?, Ceratocele — h. Crural. Me-
roeele — h. Epiploic. Epiplocele — h. Femoral,
•Merocele — h. Foraminis Oviilis, see Hernia —
h. tiutturis, Bronchocele — h. Hepatica, Hepa-
tocele.
Hernia Humor a'ms. Empres'nm Orchi'tis, Di-
dymi'tis, Orchi'tia, Orchidi'tis, Indannnrt'tin tes'-
tium, Injiamma' lion of the Tes'ticle, Swelled I'es-
ticle, Hernia Ven'eris, OrcJiioce'le, OrcJiidoee'Ie,
Orchidon'cits, (F.) Injl animation dn testicule, Or-
chite. Swelling and inflammation of the testicle is
a common sympton of gonorrhoea, (F.)CArt»f/cj:>/s»e
tombee dans Ics liourses ; but it may arise from
external injuries, or from other causes. It is a
disease which cannot be mistaken, and the treat-
ment must obviously be strongly antiphlogistic,
supporting the testicle during the treatment, and
for some time afterwards : methodical compres-
sion has also been found useful. The disease is
not generally of a serious character, going off as
s-uddenly as it comes on. As it affects the epidi-
dymis more especially, when supervening on go-
norrhoea or blennorrheea, it is sometimes termed
blenorrhag" ic epididymi'tis.
Hernia Incarckrata, Entero-peristole — h.
Inguinalis, Bub(mocele — h. Intestinalis. Entero-
cele — h. Intestinalis oinentalis, Entero-epiplocelo
— h. Iridis, Ptosis Iridis — h. Ischiatica, Ischio-
cele — h. Lienali-^, Splenocele.
Her'ma LiTr'nicA, //. e Dirertic'nlo Tntesti'ni.
Hernia first described by Littro, in which the in-
testinal canal proper is not included in the hernial
sac, the protruded itortion of intestine consisting
of a digital prolongation of the ileum, whieh Littre
concluded was formed by the gradual extension
of a knuckle of the bowel, that had been engaged
in the inguinal canal.
Hbknia op thk Liver, Hepatocele — h. of the
Lung, Pncumocele.
Hri{NIA, Mksocoi/ic, Her'nia Mesoeo'lica.
Hernia, caused by the bowels gliding between
the layers of the mesocolon. — Sir A. Cooper.
Hernia, Omental, Epiplocele -^h. Parorchido-
enteriea, Parorchido-entcrocele — h. Perina;i, sco
Hernia — h. Pharyngis, Pharyngocele — h. Phrenic,
Diaphragmatic hernia — h. Pinguedinosa Scroti,
Liparocele — h. of the Pleura, Pleurocele — h.
Pleurica et i)ulmonalis, Pleurocele — h. Pudendal,
Pudendal hernia — h. Sacci hicrymalis. Lachry-
mal hernia, Mucocele — h. Scrotalis. Scrotocele — •
h. Seminalis scroti, Spermatocele — h. of the Sto-
mach, Gastrocele — h. Suprapubian, II. inguinal
— h. of the Tongue, Glossocele — h. Umbilicalis,
Epiplompbalon, Exoniphalos — h. Umbilici Aquo-
sa, Ilydromphalum — h. Urachi, Uromphalus — h.
Uteri, Ilysterocele — h. Varicose, Cirsoc-ele — h.
Varicosa, "Varicocele — h. Venarum, Varix — b.
Veneris, Hernia humoralis — h. Ventosa, Physo-
eele — h. Ventral, see Ventral — h. Ventriculi, Gas-
trocele— h. Vesicae Urinaria?, Cystocele — h. Zir-
balis, Epiplocele.
HEItyiAIRE, Hernial, Ilerniaria glabra.
HER'NIAL, Hernia'rius, (F.) Herniuire. Be-
longing to, or concerning hernia: — as Hernial
Bandage, Hernial Sac, &c.
The (F.) Hemic, is applied to a part enveloped
in a hernial sac. (F.) Hernieux, Cele'ta, Celo'tcs,
Rup'turcd, Burst, Bursten, means one affected
with hernia; and Chirurglen herniaire, one ^yho
devotes himself to the treatment of hernia.
HERNIA'RIA GLABRA, H. vulga'ris seu
hirsu'ta seu alpcs'tris seu an'nua seu cine' rea seu
frnticn'sa, 3/illigra'na, Ein'petrnni, Rupture-
wort, from hernia, 'rupture.' (F.) Hcrniairc,
Turqnette, Herniole, Herhe Turijiie. Ord. Paro-
nyehiece. This plant, which as its name imports,
was formerly considered efficacious in the cure
of hernia, seems destitute of all virtues.
HERXIARIUS. Hernial.
H ERNIE CHARNUE, Sarcocele— A. rfc V Epi-
ploon, Epiplocele — h. de V Estomac, Gastrocele —
h. du Foie, Hepatocele—//. Inguinale, Bubonocele
— /(. du yombrit, Exoniphalos — h. Ombilicnle,
Exomphalos — h. du Poumon, Pneumocele — h. da
la Ves^ic, Cystocele.
HERNIE, Hernial.
HERNIEMPIIRAGMUS
460
IIETEROPROSOPUS
IIERNIEMPHRAG'MUS. Hcrniempln-nx'Sx,
from henna, and tudipuy/joi, ' ohiUuvX'ion.' Tlie
mechanical ohstruciiini vt' a hernial canal <"or the
radical cure of the hernia.
HEUNIEUX, Hernial.
HERN IDLE, Herniariii glabra.
HERNIOTOMY, Celotomia.
IIERO'IC, Heni'iciis, Hcro'iiis, Ifero'iis, from
'tpoif, 'a hen).' An epithet applied to remedies
or practice of a violent character.
HERPEDON, Herpes.
HER PEN, Herpes.
HERPES, Eij/cs, Herpe'doii, Herpen, Set-pens,
from 'fprw, 'I creep;' because it creeps and
spreads about the skin ; Ecph/i/'eis Herpes, Cij-
lix'ma Herpen, 'fetter, Eret, (F.) iJiirtre, Olo-
plili/ctide. A vesicular disease, which,' in most
of its forms, passes throuj;h a regular course of
increase, maturation, decline, and termination, in
fiom 10 to 14 days. The vesicles arise in dis-
tinct, but irregular clusters, which commonly ap-
pear in quick succession, and near together, on
an inflamed base ; generally attended with heat,
pain, and considerable constitutional disorder.
Tlie term, like all others which refer to cutaneous
diseases, has not been accurately defined. The
ancients had tliree varieties : the iiiiliuri/, Kty-
^(/laios; vesicii/(ir, (pXvKTuivoiirig, and ero'rluig,
co^ioncvoi. Bateman has the following varieties:
1. Herpes Vulyct^ksovks, Herpes mi/ia'rin, Ec-
jjhly'sig Herjies iViliu'ris, Nirles, (E.) Dartre
phtyctenii'ide, in which the vesicles are millet-
sized ; pellucid; clusters commencing on an un-
certain part of tiie body, and being progressively
strewed over the rest of the surface ; succeeded
by fresh crops. 2. Heiu'Es Zosthh, Zoster, Zona
uj'iiea seu serpigiuu'mi, Iijnis Per' si ens, CinziU'a,
Ciii'ffidtim, Sacer iijnis, Evphli/'sis Herpes zoster,
Herpes peiis'eelis, Eri/sip'elas zoster seu pldyctcB-
tiii'i'des seu piistidu'sa. Zona, Cir'ciinis, Perizo'ma,
(F.) Ceinlure, C. dartrense, Feu Persique, Ery-
s'Hjele pustiilenx. Shingles, (Prov.) Cruels, in
wliich the vesicles are pearl-sized; the clusters
spreading round the body like a girdle; at times
confluent, and occasionally preceded by constitu-
tiimal irritation. 3. Herpes Circina'tus, Formi'-
C(i amhidato'rin, Aii'nnlus re'pen<i. Herpes Serpi'-
go, Serpi'go, Ecphlt/'sis Herpes Circina'tus, Jting-
worni, Vesic'idar liini/ivonn, consisting of vesi-
cles with a reddish base, uniting in rings; the
area of the rings slightly discoloured, often
followed by fresh crops. 4. Herpes Labia'lis,
and 5. Herpes PRyEPUTtA'Lis, Aphtha prapn'tii,
t'/riis'cnla preepu'tii, appearing, respectively, on
the lips and prepuce. 6. Herpes Iris, Iris, Rain-
bow-worm, occurring in small circular patches,
each of which is composeil of concentric rings of
different colours. To these may be added, Her-
pes Ex'edens, H. eslhioni'enns seu deposeevs seu
ferns seu estiom'enns sunferox, EephI y' sis Herpes
ex'edens, Darfn exeoriati'oa seu vi(dig'nn, Lupus
lion exedens, Formi'ca corrosi'vn, For mix, J'ap'ula
/era, Ul'cerative Ringioorni, A'(/ria, (F.) Dartre
rongeante, in which the ve.-icles arc hard : clusters
tlironged; fluid ilenso. yellow or reddish, hot,
acrid, corroding the subjacent skin, and spread-
ing in serpentine trails.
All the varieties demand simply an antiphlo-
gistic treatment, when attended with febrile irri-
tation. The lierpes cireinolus, alone, reciuires
the use of astringent applications which have the
power of repressing the eruption.
Herpes Depascens, H. exedens — h. Esthio-
menus, H. exedens — h. Estiomenus, H. exedens
• — ^h. Farinosus, Pityriasis — h. Ferox, 11. exedens
— fa. Ferus, H. exedens — h. Furfuraceus, Pityri-
asis— h. Furfuraceus circinatus, Lepra, H. exe-
dens— h. Miliaris, II. pblycta;no'ides — h. Peris-
celis, II. zoster — h. Serpigo, II. circinatus — h.
Tonsurans, Purrigo dccalvans.
IIKRPET'IC, Herpet'icus, (F.) Herpdif^ue,
Dartrenx. Possessing the nature of herpes.
HERPETOG'RAPHY, Herpetograph'i,,, from
'tpTtrii, 'herpes,' and yf,nif>n, ' a description.' A de-
scription of the different forms of herpes, as Uer-
petol'ogij, nerjjelol(>g"ia, is a treatise on the .'•aiue,
and also on reptiles, from 'ipnerov, 'a reptile.'
HER'PETON, Herpet'ieon, from 'tjisiiv, 'to
creep.' A creeping eruption or ulcer. — Hippo-
crates.
HERPYLOS, Thymus serpyllum.
HEKRENSCWllAND'IS SPECIFIC, see Spe-
cific of Herrenschwand.
HERRIN. Urine.
HERSKET, Ardor ventriculi.
HESPERIS ALLIARIA, Alljaria.
H ETERAUELPH'IA, Heterodidyvi'io, Hetero.
di/ni'ia, from 'tripos, 'other,' and aic)i(j,oi, 'a
brother.' A double monstrosity, in wliich the
components of the double bodies are very unequal,
and of which one portion may be regarded as the
stem or trunk, to which another organized part,
or even a whole body, less developed than itself,
is affixed like a parasite.
IIETERADEN'IC, Heteraden'icns, (F.) Hm.
radenif/ue, from 'ercpos, 'other,' and aS>iv, 'a gland.'
An accidental tissue is so termed, which has a
glandular structure, but occurs in parts devoid of
glands.
HETEROCIIRON'ICUS, Heteroch'ronvs, from
'ercpos, and xpovos, 'time.' Relating to difference
of time.
Pulsus heterochron'icns. A pulse of varying
rhythm. An irregular or intermittent pulse.
HETEROCHYMEU'SIS, from 'tnpoj, and
;^ii/(£UCTis, 'mixture.' A state of the blood in
which it contains other matters than in health,
as urea, bile, &c.
HETEROCLITE, see Homology, and Tissues.
HETEROCRANIA, Hemicrania,
HETEROCRIN'IA, from 'inpoi, and Kptvu, 'I
separate.' Modification in the situation of secre-
tions.— Andral.
HETERODIDYMIA, Heteradelphia.
HETERODYMIA, Heteradelphia.
HETEROGENESIS, see Generation. Also,
anv anomaly in organic formation.
HETEROLALIA, Ileterophonia.
HETEROLOGOUS TISSUES, see Tissues.
H ETEROMORPH'ISM, Heteromorphis'mvs,
from '£T£/oj. and /jopipn, 'shape.' A deviation
frotn the natural shape of parts.
HETEROM OR Pilous, see Homology.
HETEROPA'GIA ; from 'trepoi, and Triiyo), ' I
unite together.' A double monstrosity, in which
the accessory suliject, which is very small and
imperfect, but provided with a distinct head, and
at least rudimental lower limbs, has its body im-
planted on the anterior surface of the body of the
principal subject.
HETEROPATHIC, Allopathic.
HETEROPHO'NIA, from 'irepni, and fwvt,,
'voice.' A cracked or broken voice. A change
of the voice or speech — Hetcrola'tia.
HETEROPHTHAL'MIA, from 'trtpof, and
oip^a'Xjioi, 'eye.' A difi'erence in the two eyes, —
as when one squints, or is of a diflercnt colour.
HETEROPLASM'US, from Uzij,oi, and TrAuff/io,
' formation.' A morbid formation foreign to the
economy, and which is composed of elements
difi"erent from those that are found in it in the
normal condition. *
HETEROPLAS'TY, Heteroplas'tice, Hetero.
pln'sia, from 'tripos, and TrXaaau), ' I form.' Irre-
gular plastic or formative actions or operations,
that do not admit of exact classification.
UETEROPROSO'PUS, from 'tripos, and np»-
IIETEROI'US
401 HIERA D1AC0L0CYM1II130S
ouiirovi 'countenance.' A monster having two
fuce.". — (iiirlt.
HET'EKOl'US, from 'erepo;, and novs, 'foot.'
One who has one foot dilferent from tlie other.
JIKTKROUHXIA, Miliaria.
HETEKORRlIYTirMUS. from 'mpoj, and
pu9;io{, ' rhythm.' Iluviii^ another rhythm. An
epithet given to the pulse, wlien it is such, in any
individual, as is usually felt at a different aijc.
IIETEROSAKCO'SES, from 'trtpos, and" .rapf.
'Qcsh.' A class of diseases which consist in the
formation of accidental tissues. — Gendrin.
HETEROTAXTA, (F.) H,'ien.l„xl<; from 'ire-
floj, and rri(({, 'order.' A malformation, wliich
consists in the general transposition of organs.
A change in the relaticm of organs.
IIETEROTOP'IA, (F.) Heterotople, from 'ctc-
poi, and Tonof, ' place.' A deviation from the
natural position of parts.
If/i'TRK, Fagus sylvatica.
IIEUCIIERA, see II. cortusa — h. Acerifolia,
II. cortusa.
HeucHIs'rA Cortu'sA, H. America'na seu Ace-
rifd'lia seu Vis'cidd, Oartii'sa Amert'ca'iKt, Alum
Root, Amer' ican Snii'icle, (iroHnd-mnpln, Cli(f-
weed, Split-rock. Ord. Saxifragaceae. The root
— Heuchera (Ph. U. S.) — is a powerful astringent,
and is the basis of a cancer potoder. Tlie Ameri-
can Indians apply the powdered root to wounds,
uk'crs, and cancers. It is said to have heen sold
for oolchicuin.
Hkiichbra RicHARDSo'Nir, which abounds on
the rocks of Churchill River, is used medicinally
by the Cree Indians, who chew its astringent
root, and apply it as a vulnerary to wounds and
eores.
IlKiirni5RA VisciDA, II. cortusa.
IlEUCK-RANE, Ischion.
IIEUDEl.OTIA AFRICANA, see Bdellium.
IIEUKS, Singultus.
II EVE A OUiANENSIS, see Caoutchouc.
HEXAGIUM, Se.xtula.
HEXAGON E ARTERIELLE, see Circulus
Willisii.
IIEXATIIYRIDIUMVENARUM, sec Worms.
IIEXT.-^, 'f(i?. Habit, habit of body, constitu-
tion. Hence, hectic, cachectic, &c.
IIEYLE. Sanitas.
IIIA TSAO TOXG TCIIONG, Sphxria
Sinensis.
IIIA'TUS, from hiare, hintiiin, 'to gape,' 'to
open.' A foramen or aperture. Mouth. The
vulva. Also, yawning.
Hiatus Canalis Fallopii, see Aquaeductus
Pallopii.
Hiatus Biaphrag'matis Aor'tious, Semieir'-
cnliis exsciilp'tiis. The opening in the diaphragm
for the passage of the abdominal aorta.
Hiatus Fallopii, see Aquajductus Fallopii —
h. Occipilo petreiiXj-hnceram posterius foramen
— h. S/iheiio-petreiix, Lacerum anterius foramen.
Hiatus op Winslow, Fora'mcn Wiuslovii,
Fora'nien of Wiiixlow. An opening — situate
behind the lesser omentum, and behind the ves-
sels and nerves of the liver — which forms a com-
munication between the peritoneal cavity and
that of the omenta.
HIBER'NICUS LAPIS, Tcf/'ula seu Arde'sia
Hiber'ttica, Hnrde'iiid, Irivh jSlnte. A kind of
slate or very hard stone, found in different parts
of Ireland, in masses of a bluish-black colour,
which stains the hands. It has been taken,
powdered, .in spruce-beer, against inward con-
tusions.
HIBISCUS. Althfoa.
HiBis'cus Abki.mos'chus, Ahehnos'ehus mns-
ehn'tiis. Ord. Malvaccic. The name of the
plant, whose seeds arc called Granu Jloschi or
Mnnl-Heed. It is the Bvlmn^'ihni, Abelmox'rhii*,
Griiuiim Sfnschi, Ket'mia yE(/i/pfiaca, MoHchiia
Ar'iibiim, jiEijijp'tia moHcha'ta, jjumij' moscha'ln,
Al'cca, A. /iid'icn seu JEfft/ptiaca Villo'sn, Ahd-
monch, Abeliiiusk, Mwibniatioii-, (F.) Gniitie tie
jMiisc, IJerbe a In pond re de CInjpre, Ambrettf,
Giiimanve velontee. It is indigenous in Egyjit
and the Indies. The seeds are chiefly used as
perfumes; and especially in the formation of
Vijpritu Ponder.
Hibiscus Esculen'tus, Ol-ra, Okro, Gomho.
A plant, the green pods of which abound in m«-,
cilage, and are much used in the West Indies for
soups.
liiBis'ous Popule'us, Bnlimha'<jo. A small
Molucca tree. The fruit is full of a juice similar
to camboge. The root is emetic. It is used iu
chronic diarrha'a, colic, dyspepsia, &c.
IIIBRIDA, Hvbrid.
HICCOUGH, Singultus.
HICCUP, Singultus.
HICK'ORY. The name of several American
trees of the genus C'aryr, ; Order, Juglandaceas.
The leaves are usually aromatic; and are reputed
to be antispasmodic [?]. The bark of those species
that have bitter nuts, as Carya ama'ra and 0.
porci'iia, is somewhat astringent. Some of them
bear fruit that is much esteemed, ag Carya olira-
formin, Pecan' or Peccan' nut, and C. aulca'ta.
Shell bark.
HIDDEN SEIZURES. An expression era-
ployed by Dr. Marshall Hall for obscure ence-
phalic .and spinal attacks, of an epileptoid cha-
racter for example, which may be immediately
owing to trachelismus.
HIDE-BOUND, Induration of the cellular
tissue.
HIDRISCHESIS, Hidroschesis.
HIDROA, Desudatio, Echauboidnres, Hydroa,
Sudamina.
HIDRON'OSUS, Hidromt'sus. from Uipia^,
' sweat,' and voaoi, ' a disease.' A disease accom-
panied by violent sweats. Sudor Anglicus.
HIDRONUSUS, Hidronosus.
HIDROPEDESIS, Ephidrosis.
HIDROPIIOROS. Sudoriferous.
HIDROPOETICUM, Sudorific.
HIDROPYRA. Sudor Anglicus.
HIDROPYRETOS, Sudor Anglicus.
HIDRORRHCEA, Ephidrosis.
HIDROS,'£^puf, 'i^puro?. Sudor, 'sweat.' Hence
—Hidropipa, Hidroxix. Ac.
HIDROS'CHESIS, Ilidrie'cheKi^, lleten'tio »,,.
do'ris, from hidrot, and (r;^;£(ri5, ' retention.' Sup-
pression of perspiration.
HIDROSIS, Ephidrosis.
HIDROTERION, Achicolum.
HIDROTERIUM, Sudorific.
HIDROTICUM, Sudorific.
HIDRO'TIUM, Diminutive of hidros. A
gentle sweat or perspiration.
HTDROTOPCEUM, Sudorific.
HIEHLE, Sambucus ebulus.
HI'ERA DIACOLOCYN'THIDOS, from 'upoi,
' holy.' Hiera of Colocynth. An electuary, com-
posed of 10 parts of colocynth, as much agaric,
(jermander, ichite horehoiind, sto'chan: — 5 parts
of opoponax, as much xayupenum, parahy, round
birtjiwort root, and white pepper: — 4 parts of
spikenard, cinnamon, myrrh, and saffron ; and 3
pounds, 3 ounces, and 5 drachms of honey.
Hiera of Colocynth, H. Diacolocynthidos —
h. Logadii, Hiera picra.
IIiERA Picra, from 'upog, 'holy,' and rtxpos,
'bitter.' //"/'/ bitter, Pulvis aloet'icvs, formerly
called Hiera locja'dii when made into an electu-
ary with honey. It is now kept in the form cf
dry powder; — prepared by mixing socotrine aloea,
IIIERACITES
4G2
HIPPURIS VULGARIS
one pound, with 3 ounces of caiieUa alba. See
Pulvis aloes cum canella.
HiEi!,v Sykinx, Vertebral column, Epilepsy.
HIEllACI'TES, 'lepaKtrrii, from Ucpn^, UcpaKo?,
'a Lawk,' Lapis Accip'itnim. The ancient name
of a precious stone, believed to be capable of ar-
resting the hemorrhoidal flux. — Pliny, Galen,
Paulus.
HIERACrUM LACHENALir, H. muroijum.
Hihra'cium Muko'rum, //. Lnchcna'lii, Piil-
mniia'ria Gall'ica, Aaric'ula mu'rin major, (F.)
Kpefviere den yiiuraillen, Pidmonnire ties Fiuii<;aix.
Old. Compositae. A European plant, which is a
slight tonic.
HiERACiUJf Oleraceum, Sonchus oleraceus.
HiERACiUM Pilosel'la. The systematic name
of the Aiin'c'nla Mun'n, Pilosel'la, P. Alpi'nn,
Myoso't'is, Mouse-ear, (F.) Piloselle, Oreille de
Souris. This plant contains a bitter, lactescent
juice, which has a slight degree of astringency.
The roots are more powerful than the leaves.
Hiera'cium Veno'sum, Rattlcsiiaheweed, Veiny
Hawkweed, Bloodwort, indigenous, has similar
properties.
HIERANOSUS, Chorea, Convulsion, Epilepsy.
HIERAX, Accipiter.
HIEROBOTANE, Verbena officinalis.
IIIEROGLYPH'ICA, from 'it^oj, 'holy,' and
y\vipi3i, ' 1 carve.' A name given to the signs
employed in medicine ; and, also, to the folds in
the hands, feet, and forehead, which afford chi-
romancy its pretended oracles.
HIEROPYR. Erysipelas.
HIKRY PIKRY, Pulvis aloes et Canellee.
HILL'S BALSAM OF HONEY, see Balsam
of Hone}', Hill's — h. Essence of Bardana, Tinctura
guaiacae.
HILLBERRY, Gaultheria.
HILL FEVER, see Fever, hill.
HILON fF.), Hilum, improperly Hilns, 'the
black spot on the top of a bean.' A name given
by some writers to a small blackish tumour,
formed by the protrusion of the iris through an
opening in the transparent cornea, so called from
its comparison with the liile or black mark pre-
sented by the vicia faba at one of its extremities.
In Botany, the Hile or HHum is the cieatricula
of a seed, which indicates the place by which it
was attached in the cavity of the pericarp. It
is the umbilicus of the seed. The fissure of the
spleen, kidney, lung, ovary, <fec., is, also, called
HUhh. See Porta.
HILUS, Hilon.
HiLus Liena'lis, Tiicisu'ra liena'lis. The con-
cave part of the spleen.
HiLus Rena'lis, fncisu'ra reiin'lis, Hiliis of
the kidney. The concave part of the kidney.
HILW'ORT, Mentha pulegium.
HIMANTOMA, see Himas.
HIMANTOSIS, Himas.
HIMAS, 'i/ias, 'ijiavToi, 'a thong of leather.'
The uvula; likewise, elongation, and extenuation
of the uvula. It is also called Himanto'sis, Hi-
manto'ina. See Staphyloedema.
HIMEROS, Libido.
HINDBERRIES, see Rubus id»us.
HIXDHEEL, Tanacetum.
HIP, Haunch, Hypochondriasis — h. Bone.
Ischium — h. Disease, Coxarum morbus — h. Joint,
Coxoferaoral articulation — h. Tree, Rosa canina.
HIP'PACE, 'iiriraKri, from 'irTroj, 'a horse.'
Ca'setis Eqni'nus. A cheese prepared from mare's
milk.
HIPPANTHRO'PIA, from '.t-to?, 'a horse,'
and av^otaiTOi, ' a man.' A variety of melancholy,
in which the patient believes himself changed to
a horse. The Greek word 'iTTruySpcDTOf, means
the fabulous Centaur.
IIIPPASIA. Equitation.
HIPPED, Hyimchondriac.
HIPPEIA, EiiuitatioM.
IUPPEUSIS, Equitation.
IIIPPIA'TER, Hifjpililros, Mvd'ic\is cqna'riiiit,
from 'iTTTTof, ' a hoi'se,' and 'larfoi, 'a pliysieian.'
A farrier. A horse doctor. Used also fur one
who treats the diseases of other domestic animals;
Veteriiia'rins, JIuloined' tens, Jled'ieits Veterinti'-
riiis, ZoiWtrnn.
HIl'PIATRrA, Hlppiat'rica, lllppial'riei,
Medici' na eqna'ria, (F.) Hijipiatiiijue. Ascieiice,
whose object is the knowledge of the diseasesi of
the horse. It is sometimes made to include othur
domestic animals. See V^eterinary art.
HIP PI A TJlfQUE, Ilippiatria.
HIPPIATRUS, liippiater.
HIPPO, Ipecacuanha. A corruption, in Ire-
land, of Ipecacuanha; and hence applied, at
times, in the United States, to the American
plant. Euphorbia Corollata, which is, also, called
Ipecacuanha.
Hippo, Ixoiax, Gillenia trifoliata.
HIPPOCAMPE GRAN UK. Cornu ammonis.
HIPPOCAMPUS MA,JOR, Cornu ammonis.
Hippooam'piis Minor, Pes hippoeam'pi minor,
['tmroKaitiToi, 'the sea horse.') Unguis. V. Acis
sen Halleri, O'crea, Collie' uliis cn'oeeB posterio'ria
venlricu/o'i-uiii latera'lium, Calcara'vis, Un'eiform
Ein'inence, {¥.) Ergot, Eperon. A medullary tu-
bercle or projection, observed in the posterior
cornu of the lateral ventricle of the brain.
HIPPOCENTAUREA CENTAURIUM, Chi-
ronia ecntaurium.
HIPPOCRAS, Claret.
HIPPOCRATES. CAP OF, Bonnet d'TIippo-
crate — h. Sleeve, Chausse.
Ul\'POCRA'r'lC,Hippocrat'icus. Relating to
Hippocrates, or concerning his doctrine, — as l]ij>-
pofriilic doctrine, Hipp<ieratic face, &c.
HIPPOC'RATISM, Ifippocratism'uii. The doc-
trine of Hippocrates, which consisted in ol>serving
and following nature, as indicated by her pre-
sumed efforts, and the crises set up by her.
HIPPOC'RATIST. A partisan of the Uippo-
cratic doctrine.
HIPPOGONYOLEPUS, Crusta genu equina.
HIPPOLAPATHUM, Rumex patienta.
HIPPOLITIIUS, Bezoard of the horse.
HIPPOM'ANE MANCINEL'LA, {'<7r7ro5, 'a
horse,' and yiavut, 'madness,' 'horse, or violent
maAness,' ) M aneh iiieel, (F.) Mancenillier. Family,
Euphorbiaeeae. Sex. Syst. Monoecia Moiiadelphia.
A poisonous tree of South America, with the
milky juice of which the Indians poison their
arrows. The fruit, also, is highly poisonous.
HIPPOMARATHRUM, Peucedanum silaus.
II I P P 0 P A T II 0 L ' 0 G Y, Hip2>opatholo,/"ia,
from 'nrnoi, ' a horse,' ttu^os, ' a disease,' and Xoyos,
'a discourse.' The science of the diseases of
the horse. Pathology of the horse.
IIIPPOPIIAGOUS, Equivorous.
IIIPPOPUS, see Kyllosis.
HIPPOS, Equus.
HIPPOSELINUM, Smyrniura olusatrum.
HIPPOSTEOL'OGY, HippoHte<dog"ia, from
'itrnoi, 'a horse,' oartov, 'a bone,' and Aoyoj, 'a
discourse.' Osteology of the horse.
HIPPOT'OMY, Hippotom'ia, from 'ittoj, 'a
horse,' and rcftvuv, 'to cut.' Anatomy of the
horse.
HIPPU'RI.A, from 'ivnoi, 'a horse,' and ovpoi',
'urine,' because the urine contains hippuric acid,
which is found in the urine of the horse. A pa-
thological condition, in which there is an excess
of hippuric acid in the urine.
HIPPURIC ACID, see Acid, hippuric.
HIPPURIS VULGA'RIS, from '<:rirof, 'a
IIIPPUS
403
HOLLY
horse,' and ovpa, 'a tail.' The systemntic name |
of the Ilorne'n Tail, Miire's Tail, E<iulsi:'lum vii-
jiiif. Equine' turn, (F.) Frele, I'renle, Anprele, Queue [
de ckeval. It is an astringent, and frcqueutly j
used, as tea, by the vulgar, in diarrhoea and l)e-
iiiorrhage. The same virtues are attributed to
tlie Ki/iuHe'tniii arcen'ne, Jliiriiit' He, IIiiio'huiii, &u.
IIIPPUS, EquHH, Nieta'tio, from 'iirirof, 'a
liorse.' A disease of the eyes, in which, from
birth, they perpetually twinkle, like those of a
iriati on horseback. [?J Also, a tremulous condition
of the iris, which occasions repeated alternations
(if contraction and dilatation of the pupil; Iri-
(lot'rontua, Iridodone'sis, Jj-idoplu'iiia, Tremor
J' rid in,
HIPS, Sax. heopa. The fruit of the dog-rose,
Ronu caui'iiii : chiefly used as a confection. See
Confectio Rosib Caninae.
IIIHCIS'MUS, Hircns, llirquuH, from hirruK,
'a goat.' Stinking like a goat: — ajiplied espe-
cially to the odour of the secretions of the a.xilla.
IIIRCUS, Canthus (greater), Ilircismus, Tra-
gus— h. Alarum, Cinabra.
JIIKPLINO, Claudication.
HIRQUITAL'ITAS, from hircna, 'a goat,' Po-
rnpho'iiin pu'heritni. Goat's voice. See Egophoriy.
IlIRQUUS, Hi reus, Canthus (greater), Ilircis-
mus, Tragus.
IIIRSU'TIES, Daa'yma, Bas'yiefi, Tricho'ais,
Hirnu'lieH, ILiir' iiiens. Growth of hairs on extra-
neous parts, or, superfluous growth on (larts; as
in cases of bearded women. — Good. When con-
genital, it is termed Hirsu'ties ndita'ta.
IIIRU'DO, 7'lie Leech, Sanyulsu'ga, Bdelht :
from haurio, ' I draw out,' or from hcereo, 'I stick.'
[?] In medicine, Hiru'do jMedieiiin'lis, lidella
Medicina'lis or Medic"imil Leech, (F.) Sutxjnne,
is employed. In the United States, H. dec'ora
is used. The leech lives in fresh water, and
feeds on the blood of animals, which it sucks,
lifter having pierced the skin with its three sharp
teeth. This habit has been taken advantage of,
to produce local blood-letting. In applying the
leech, the part must be wiped dry; and if there
be difficulty in making it suck, a little milk or
cream may be applied. When satiated, it will
drop off, and by applying a little salt or vinegar
to its head it will disgorge tlie blood. A good
English leech will take about half an ounce of
blood, including that which flows by fomenting
the part subsequently. The American takes less.
HiRUDO AiniKiciALis, Antlia sanguisuga — h.
Decora, see llirudo — h. Medicinalis, Hirudo.
IIIRUNDINARIA, Asclepias vinceto.\icum,
Lysimachia nummularia.
IIIRUN'DO, Ckcl'idon, from ha-reudo, 'stick-
ing;' because it sticks its nests against the
houses [?]. The Swallow. The nests of the
swallow were once emploj-ed as rubefacients,
boiled in vinegar.
IIISPANICUM VIRIDE, Cupri subacetas.
HISPIDITAS, Dystoechiasis, Phalangosis.
HISPIDULA, Antennaria dioicum.
HLSSINt! RESPIRATION, see lidle sibilant.
IIISTIOLOGICAL, Histological.
HISTIOLOGY, Histology.
HISTOCHEMIA, see Chyniistry.
HISTOCHYMY, see Chymistry.
HISTOCHEMISTRY, see Chymistry.
HISTODIAL'YSIS, from 'uros, 'organic te.x-
turo,' and imXvatf, 'dissolution.' A morbid dis-
solution of the tissues.
IIISTOGENET'IC, Histo,jenei'i,-uf<. 'Tissue
making.' Same etymon as the ne.\t. Relating, or
appertaining to hixingeui/ or the formation and
development of the organic textures.
HlSTOGKNKTlC EleME.NTS OF NUTRITION, SCC
Plastic Element.
UISTOG"ENY, Histogcii'ia, Histo'jen'csia,
Tiasjte formation, from 'lorof, 'the organic tpx-
ture,' and yiviaii, 'generation.' The I'ormaiion
and development of the organic textures.
HISTOLOGIA, Ilistologv.
1IIST0L0G"ICAL, //l>iiolo,j"icua, Histi„h,g".
icul, Jli>itiol(i(j" ieiia. Same etymon as the next.
Relating to histology. Applied, also, at times,
to the natural transformations that occur in the
tissues in the embryo, in contradistinction to
ntorphtdogicid, which apjilies to the alterations in
the form of the several jiaits of the eiiibivo.
HISTOL'OGY, Hixlo/o,,"ln, Hiatioro,,)/, Hia-
tiolo!/"ia, from 'larog, 'the organic texture,' and
Aoyof, ' a description. Anatomy (general). The
term is, also, more particularly appropriated to
the minute anatomy of the tissues. See Ana-
tomy.
Fntholo<i"ic(il Hiatol'iKjy. Microxcop'ic patho-
lo(j"ieal Anat'omy, is the morbid anatomy of the
tissues.
HISTOL'Y^SIS, from 'laros, 'the organic tex-
ture,' and Xvais, 'solution.' The decay and dis-
solution of the organic tissues, and of the blood.
It includes the various forms of retrograde meta-
morphos^is and degeneration.
HISTON'OMY, //(Vo»,o/»'m, from 'iirroi, 'the
organic texture,' and vufios, 'law.' The aggregate
of laws, which preside over the formation and
arrangement of the organic tissues.
HIS'TORY. MED'ICAL, Ilinio'ria Medici'nce.
A narration of the chief circuinstMnees, and the
persons connected with them, in the progress of
medicine.
HIST'OS, 'loToj, 'a web or tissue,' 'the organic
texture;' VVt'"')"'/ seu Teln onjun'icn.
IHSTOT'OMl^ Hixintom'in, from 'taroi, 'or-
ganic texture,' and rojit], 'incision.' Dissection
of the tissues.
HIVE, Hives.
HivK Syiutp, Syrnpus scillae compositus.
HIVES, Cynanehe trachealis. Urticaria, Vari-
cella. In Scotland, according .to Dr. Jameson,
Hives or llyves means any eruption of the skin,
proceeding from an internal cause; and, in Lo-
thian, it is used to denote both the red and the
yellow gum. In the United States, it is vaguely
employed : most frequently, perhaps, for Urti-
caria.
Hives, Bold, Cynanehe trachealis, Urticaria
— h. Eating. Rupia escharotica.
HOARSENESS, Raucedo.
HOAST, Tussis.
HOBBIL, Idiot.
HOB-NAIL LIVER, Cirrhosis of the liver,
Liver, nutmeg.
HOC, Alcea rosea.
HOCK, Poples.
HOCKS, Aleea rosea.
HOD, Crick in the neck.
HOFF, Poples.
HOG-LICE, Onisei aselli.
HOGWORT, Heptallon graveolens.
HOIST. Tu.<.«is.
HOLANENCEPHA'LTA, from 'oXoy, 'entire,'
and (lueiicephnlid, 'absence of brain.' Entire
absence of brain, — the same as Anencephalia. —
L G. St. Hilaire.
HOLARTIIRITIS, Hamarthritis.
IIOLCE. 'oUr,. A drachm.— Galen.
HOL'CIMOS, 'oXKifios, from •u\kii, 'a weight.'
A tumour of the liver.
HOLCUS SORGHUM, Panicum Italiouui.
HOLENE, Ilex aquifolium.
IIOLERA. Cholera.
HOLES, BURNT, Rupia escharotica.
HOLLANDS, Gin.
HOLLEN, Ilex aqnifolium.
HOLLY, AMERICAN, Ilex opaca — h. Com-
mon. Ilex aquifolium — h. Dahoon, Ilex vomitori*
HOLLYHOCK
4r,4
HONEYCOMB BAG
— h. Ground, Pyrohi tnaculiitn, Pyrola umLellata
— h. Sea, Ervngiiun ninrititnum.
HOLLYHOCK. COMMON, Alcea rosea.
HOLMES WEED, Scrophularia nodosa.
HOLMICOS, Alveolus.
HOLMOS. Mortar.
HOLOCYRON, Teuerium chamaepitys.
HOLOGANGLirriS, Cholera.
HOLONAKCO'SIS, from '0A05, 'whole,' and
vapKutaii, 'stupor.' Narcosis of the whole body.
Torpefdc'tio mi I'vo'sa'lin.
HOLOPHLYCTIDES, Phlyctisna.
HOLOSTEUM ALSINE, Alsine media.
HOLOSTEUS, OsteocoUa.
HOLOTETANUS, see Tetanus.
HOLOTONIA, Holotonicus, Tetanus.
HOLOTON'ICUS, 'o\os, 'the whole,' and rtivu,
*I stretch.' Holoton'in. A spasm of the whole
body ;— a variety of tetanus. — Sauvages.
HOLYN, Ilex aquifoliuui.
HOL'YWELL, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Holywell is a town in Wales, and takes its name
from the famous well of St. Winifred. It is a
simple cold water, remarkable for its purity.
H OMAGRA, Omngra.
HOMEOPATHY, Homoeopathy.
HOMERDA, Storcus humaiuim.
HOME'RIA COLLI'NA, a,pe TnUp. A poi-
sonous South African plant, Nnt. Ord. Irideae,
the bulb of which acts as a violent acro-narcotic,
producing fntal results very speedily.
HOMESICKNESS, Nostalgia.
HOMKn'DAL, Trncileii'tns, Ferwi, from hnmo,
'man,' and cmflo, 'I kill.' Pertaining or relating
to homicide or the killing of man.
Homicidal Insan'ity, Ilomui'dal Monomn'nia,
(F.) Ifdiionidiiic htiiiiicnle. Insanity, with an
irresistible impulse to destroy life.
HOMILIA, Coition.
HOM'INY. A word of Indian derivation.
Maize or Indian corn hulled and coarsely broken.
It is prepared for food by being mixed with water
and ijoiled.
HoMiNv, Whkaten, see Groats.
HOMIOSIS, Homoiosis.
HOMME. Homo.
HOMO, (F.) Homme, Man,— the chief and most
perfect of the mammalia; in Greek, av^pi^vos,
Anthro'pi>«, from ava, 'upwards,' and rpmui, 'I
turn ;' because man, alone, of all animals, pos-
sesses the natural power of standing erect. He
is, also, the only animal whose incisor teeth,
wedged in a projecting jaw, are absolutely ver-
tical. Man is es|)ecially distinguislied from other
raammalia hy the faculty, which he po.-sesses, of
classing his ideas: conipiiring them with each
other; and connecting, representing, and trans-
mitting them by signs and articulate sounds. He
possesses, in the highest degree, all the attributes
of intelligence. — memory, juilgment, and imagi-
nation. He inhabits all countries, — the burning
regions of the torrid zone, and the chilling at-
mosphere of the polar climes. In different situa-
tions, he presents, in his figure, colour, and sta-
ture, differences which have caused mankind to
be divided by naturalists into races or varieties.
The number of such races can only be appro.xi-
mated. Blumenbach admits five, the C'oncaninn,
Ethiojiinn, 3foiiii(illan, J/alajj, and AmeHcan.
Every division must necessarily be arbitrary, and
the individuals composing each variety are far
from being alike.
Homo Alatus. see Alatus,
Homo Cauda'ti's, "Tailed man.' A fabulous,
tailed variety of the human species, 'incola orbis
antarctici,' admitted by Linnfsus, although he is
uncertain whefher to rank them with men or
npes !
Homo Fatuiis, Idiot.
HOMOED'RU.S, from hfiov, 'together,' and
'£c5/io, 'seat.' Having the same seat. Mnrbi ho-
iiK/edri : — diseases that have the same seat.
HO.MffiOMORPllOUS, see Homology.
H0M(E0PAT1I. Homooopathist.
HOMOiOPATlI'IC, f/omwop„lh'!cu8, Homce.
op'alhen. Relating to hoinceopiitliy.
HOM<EOPA Til IE, Homoeopathy.
HOMCEOP'ATHIST, H/mwopalh, Homrro.
pnth'iciis, Homwopatliis'ta, HonutopalhiH' tes. One
who believes in honireopathy.
HOMCEOP'ATHY, Hom,ropath!'a, Ar„ homrr.
opnth'ica, JIimKioji'iitJii/, Hiilui'eiii'iniiiaiii, Diiun.
mop'dthij, (¥.) Hinmropalhie, Humirotliernpeii.
tiqiie, Hunia'oni/mpnthie, D(jf:trine homcro-orynii.
ique, from 'ofiotui, 'like,' and iraSof, 'alfection.'
A fanciful doctrine, which maintains, that disor-
dered actions in the human body are to bo cured
by inducing other disordered actions of a like
kind, and this to be accomplished by infinitesi-
mally small doses, often of apparently inert
agents; the decillionth part of a grain of char-
coal, for example, is an authorized dose. It has
also been called (ilob'iilinm.
HOMffiOSIS, Homoiosis.
HOM(EOSYiMPA THIE, Homoeopathy.
H OM(EO THE R A PEUTIQ UE, Homoeo-
pathy..
HOMCEOZ'YGY, from 'onoioi, 'like,' and fuyow,
'I goin together.' (F.) i!>'oi-poin-->iol. The law
of association of organs, by which like parts ad-
here to like parts. — Serres.
HOMOETHNIA, Symi)athy.
HOMOGENESIS, see Generation.
HOMOIOPATHIA, Sympathy.
HOMOIO'SIS, Homocu'ais, Hiimio'sis, from
'oiioioiii, 'I resemble,' 'I assimilate.' An elabora-
tion of the nutritious juice, by which it becomes
proper for assimilation.
HOMOLINON, see Apolinossis.
HOMOLOGOUS, see Homology.
HOM'OLOGUE, Homid'oyns, same etymon as
homology. A term applied to the same organ in
different animals under every variety of form and
function. — Owen.
HOMOL'OGY, from 'o/iotng, 'like,' and Xoyo;,
'a description.' The doctrine of similarity of
structure. Thus, the two sides of the liody are
said to be ' homologous.' Homid'cxjiiuH, homn-
morpli'ous, or hiiniceoiiinrph'ons tissues are tho.-e
that resemble others; in opposition to hi terol'o-
goiiii, hct'eroclite, or heterotiiorph'ouii, which are
new formations. Homology seems now to Ijc
accepted as the designation of the doctrine or
study, the subject of which is the relations of the
parts of animal bodies. — Owen.
HOMOMORPHOUS, see Homology.
HOMONOPAGIA, Cephalalgia.
nOMOPH'AGUS, from 'o>i,oi, 'raw,' and (fiayiD,
'1 eat.' One who eats raw Qcsh.
HOMOPLAS'TY, Homoopla'mn, from 'o,i.)i..f.
'like,' and ttAoito-o), 'I form.' The formation of
homologous tissues.
HOMOPLATA, Scapula,.
HOMOT'ONOS, ^Eipm'Ux, from 'opoi, 'equal.'
and Toi'Of, 'tone.' That which has the same tone.
A continued fever, whose symptoms have nn
equal intensity during the whole course of the
disease, has been so called. See Acraastieos, and
Synocha.
HONESTY, Lunaria. rediviva.
HONEWORT, FIELD, Sison amomum.
HONEY, Mel— h. Balsam of. Hill's, see Mel—
h. Bloom, Apocynum androsaniifolium — h. of
Borax, Mel boracis — h. Clarified, Mel dcspuroa-
tum — h. Prepared, Mel pra;paratum — h. of Rose?,
Mel rosfE — h. of Squill, compound, Syrupus scillsB
eompositus.
HONEYCOMB BAG, Pvcticulum.
iionp:ysuckle
4 G.J
HOSPITAL
HONEYSUCKLE, Lonicera poric-lymenura —
h. Hush, Diorvilla trifula — h. Sitarlet, Lonicera
seiii])crviroiis — h. Truiii[iet, Lonicera seuiper-
^irun.".
]IO.NM^,Y SUGAR, Glucose.
HONMJLANE, Coptis teeta.
HONOR CAPITIS, see Capillus.
no SOU M RE, S<istruiii.
JIONOHAKIUM, Sostrutn.
JIOSTKHX, Piuiic.
IIOODWORT, Scutellaria lateriflora.
HOOK, Sax. hoce, hooc, Dutch, hoeck, Un-
ciiK, Uiic"inii>i, Aiic'i/ra, (F.) Eriane, Ain'gtie OU
Kriiie. An instriunent, consisting of a steel wire,
flattened iit llic iniildle, and having the extremi-
ties crooked and pointed. Some hooks are fur-
nished with a handle atone extremity — the other
having one or two liooks ; — constituting the liiii/le
or iloiihle hook. The hook is used by anatomists
and surgeons to lay hold of, and raise up, certain
parts, the dissection of which is delicate, or which
would slip from the fingers.
The Tciificidiim is a variety of the hook.
Hooif, Bl.tiNT, /ch'thi/it, fch'thye. Oin/JC, Ungiiii
ferr'eiiH. An instrument which is passed over
the flexures of the joints to assist in bringing
down the fretus in parturition.
HOOP TREE, Molia azedarach.
HOOPER'S PILLS, Pilul;u Aloes et Mvrrhae.
HOOPING-COUGH, Pertussis — h. Roche's
Emhrociition for, see Roche.
nOPITAL, Hospital — /t. f7es Foim, Morotro-
phium.
HOPLOCIIRIS'MA, from 'ojtXoi/, 'a weapon,'
and ;^pi(Tfiu. 'salve.' Uiifjne^'tiim anitn'riinii,
Arm'iilori/ Unyiieiit. A salve which was sup-
posed to cure wounds by sympathy, — the instru-
ment with which the wound was inflicted being
anointed with it.
HOPLO.MOCH'LION, 'o-:\n)xnx\iov. from 'o^Xoi/,
*a weapon,' and ^10^X0^, 'a lever.' The name of
an iron machine or ajii)!iratus, which embraced
the whole body like armour. A figure of it is
given by Enbricius iib Aiiuapcndente.
HOP, lIuMiulus lupulus — li. Pillow, sec Huuui-
lus lupulus — h. Plant, Humulus lupulus.
HOPS, see Huinulus lupulus.
IWQUET. Singultus.
HORA. Ilobe.
HOR.EA, ISIenscs.
HOR.EOTKS, Maturity.
HORDKI MALTIIM, Malt.
HOUDE'OLUM, diminutive of //«)(7r/(w, 'bar-
ley,' Ordc'ohun, ['ox'tlnii, SflerophlhnV mid, Cri-
the, Critldd'inii, Ci-i/t/ie, Stijr, Sti/on, Sliue, (F.)
Orgelet, Onjeolet. A small, inflammatory tu-
mour, of the nature of a boil, which exhibits
itself near the free edge of the eyelids, particu-
larly near the inner angle of the eye.
lioR'DEUM, Or'deMm, Crlthe. The seeds of
Iloideiim viihjit're or Scotch linrley, Ord. Gra-
minesB, are ranked amongst the Cerealia. (F.)
Orge. They afford a mucilaginous decoction,
which is employed as a diluent and antiphlo-
gistic. The seeds of the Hnrdcum dh'tichnn seu
asti'vnm, Zeoc'n'lon dis'tichiim, and //. hexas'-
tichon possess similar properties. Barley is freed
from its shells in mills, forming the Hor'dcnm
mnnda'tum seu dccnrticn'tnm seu exrortica'tiim,
Hor'drum of the Pharmacopreias : and, at times,
is rubbed into small, round grains, somewhat
like pearls, when it is called Ilordeum perln'tnm,
Pearl Jitirle;/, (F.) Orge perif, and forms the
Hordcum dctnida'tiim seu perln'tnm, tho Hnrdei
lem'liin tu'iiici'i nuda'tn, of the Pharmacopoeias,
—IJordeiim (Ph. U. S.)
HoRDKUM CAUSTiriTM, Veratrum sabadilla — h.
Decorticatum, see Hordeum — h. Denudatum, see
30
Ilordeum — h. Excorticntura, see Hordeum — h.
(Jalacticurn, Oryza — h. Mundatum, see Ilordeum
— h. Perlatum, see Ilordeum.
HOREIIOUND, Marrubium — h. Black, Bal-
lota foetida — h. Germander-leaved, Eupatoriuni
teucrifolium — h. Stinking, Ballota foetida — h.
Water, Lycopus sinuatus, Lycopus Virginicus —
h. Wild, Eupatorium rotundifolium, E. teucri-
folium.
HORME, Instinct.
HORMINU.M, Salvia horminum — h. Colora-
tuin. Salvia horminum — h. Sativum, Salvia hor-
minum.
HORMON, Enormon.
HORN, Cornu.
HORN POX, see Varicella.
HORNSEED, Ergot.
HORNY, Corneous.
HoilNY Excuns'cK.NCES, Lepido'nis, Rhtht/i'n-
sis coniig"ern, Cor'nun eiita'nea, (P.) C'iniei de
Id I'edii. Certain excrescences, which occasion-
ally form on some part of the skin, and resemble,
in shape, the horns of an animal.
HoiliNY SlJBSTANt'K, See ToOth.
horrent: A, Horripilation.
HOR'RIDA CUTIS, Gooxe-nhh,. Citf!>i oiih".
I ri')i((, DeriiiatospdHiu' lis, Spaimun j^eriplter' 'icii<i.
A state of the skin produced by cold or fear, and
accompanying the rigor of an intermittent.
HORRIPILA'TION, Horripila'tio, Horror,
Ilorreu'tid, J'hriie, Phricns'miis, J'hrici'iisiK,
J'hrl'cid, from horrerc, 'to bristle up,' and pilim,
'hair.' (F.) Jlorripi/dtioii, Frisnonneriient. Ge-
neral chilliness, preceding fever, and accompanied
, with bristling of the hairs over the body.
] HORROR, Horripilation — h. Ciborum, Disgust;
I for food.
I HORSE BALM, Collinsonia Canadensis — b.
Cane, Ambrosia trilida — h. Chestnut, ..rEsculus
hippoca? tanum — h. Crust, Crusta genu cquinae.
HORSEFLY WEED, Sophora tinctoria.
HORSEFOOT, see Kyllosis.
HORSEMINT, Ambrosia trifida, Monarda coc-
cinca, M. fistulosa, and M. i)unctata — h. Sweet,
Cunila mariana.
HORSE NETTLE, Solanum Carolinense.
HORSE RADISH, Cochlearia armoracia,
HORSE'S TAIL. Hippuris vulgaris.
HORSE WEED, Ambrosia trifida, Collinsonia
Canadensis, Erigeron Canadense.
IIORTULUS CUPIDINIS, Vulv.a.
HORTUS, Vulva — h. Siccus, Herbarium.
HOSE, Collum, Throat.
HOSEFISH, Sciiia.
HOS'PITAL, primarily from honpes, hospifta,
'a guest.' lujirm'dry, (Old Eng.) Farm'ery,
; Spit'al, NoKocomi' urn, Adi/nntocoiiii'iim, Adynato-
' dochi'um, Xenodoce'um, Xenodoche'um, Iiiflrnia'-
! riiim, hifirmato'riiini, Nnsodoclii'nm, Ynletudi-
na'rinm, (F.) lIopitoL An establishment for the
reception of the sick, in which they are main-
tained and treated medically. Hospitals were
first instituted about the end of the 4th century;
a period at which the word vouokojuiov was em-
ployed, for the first time, by St. Jerome. They
may be geiiend, receiving all cases ; or apecUd,
admitting only the subjects of certain diseases.
Hos'fital Gangrene, Phageda-'na gnmjrte-
vo'sa, J^iitn'd or JfaligiKiiit Ulcer, Gaiigrm'^xt
Xosoconiio'nim seu Nonocomin'h's sen Coitfai/io'sn,
Sphdc"elu« nosocomid'lin, Hos'pitid Sore, I'litre'-
do, (F.) Ponrritiire ou Gdngrene d'h6pitid. Gan-
grene, occurring in wounds or nlcers, in hospi-
tals, the air of which has been vitiated by tho
accumulation of patients, or some other circum-
stance. Hospital gangrene — many dift'erent va-
rieties of which are met vrith, and always aecom-
HOST
466
HUMIDUM NATIVUM
panied or proccilcd by fever — commonly com-
mences with suppression of the suppuration of
the wound, which becomes covered vvitli a gray-
ish and tenacious sanies. The gangrene tlien
manifests itself. It extends from the centre of
the ulcerated surface towards the edges ; these
become swollen, painful, and everted; and the
patient dies with all the signs of typhus. The
treatment must be varied according to circum-
stances. Sometimes, it requires the use of sti-
mulating, acid, caustic, and antiseptic applica-
tions ; with, occasionally, the actual cautery,
aided by the exhibition of tonics, internally : —
at others, the antiphlogistic regimen and emol-
lient applications n)ay be necessary.
Hospital, Insane, Morotrophium — h. Leper,
Lai/ren'e.
HOST, Tussis.
IIOSTIARIUS, Pylorus.
HOT SPRINGS, see Virginia, mineral wa-
ters of.
HOUBLOy, Iluraulus hipulus.
HOU(tH. Poi)les, Sickly.
HOUNDS' TONGUE, Cvnoglossum.
HOU/'PE NERVEUSE, see Papilla — ^, (hi
Jfeiitoii, Depressor labii inferioris, Levator labii
iuferioris.
HOURGLASS CONTRACTION OF THE
UTERUS, see CJiaton.
HOUSELEEK, Sempervivum tectorum — h.
Small. Sedum.
HOUSEMAID'S KNEE, see Knee, house-
maid's.
HOUSE-PUPIL, see House-Surgeon.
HOUSE-SURliEON, Ji<«'itleiit Snnjmn. Usu-
ally a senior house-pupil or graduate, who resides
in an hospital, and atten<ls to every accident and
disease, in the absence of the attending physician
or surgeon. It answers, in the British hospitals,
to the Elive inttrtie or Interne of the French.
The Eleve c.i-tenie. or E.rterne is a less advanced
pupil ; from whom Internes are chosen. In ordi-
nary schools, Elere externa tneans a day-scholar;
whilst Eleve interne means a boarder.
HOUX, Ilex aquifolium— /). Ajxthichine, Ile.x
votnitoria— /(. /'elit, Ruscus.
HOWDY, Midwife.
HOWDY-WIFE, Midwife.
HUACACACHU, Datura sanguinea.
IIUACO. Gu.aco.
IIUANU, Guano.
HUBIiON, Haunch.
HUCKLEBERRY, see Gaylussaeia, and Vac-
cinium — h. Dwarf, (laylussacia humosa.
HUCKLEBONE. Tschion.
HUCKSHOULDERED, see Hump.
HUDSON'S PRESERVATIVE FOR THE
TEETH AND GUMS, see Tinctura Myrrhie.
HUILE, Oil — /(. d'Alminthe, Artemisia absin-
thium (oil of) — }i. d' Acajou, see Anacardium
occidentale.
HUILE ACOUSTIQVE (F.), O'lenm „cuH't!.
cum. Acoustic^ Oil. An oil for deafness, prepared
of olire oi/, t^\} ; (/arliv, nx-r/a/l, and bin/ /eiiven,
each 3Jj ; boiled for a quarter of an hour, and
strained.
HUILE D'AMANDES, Oleum amygdi.larutn
— /(. d'Ancth, see Anethum graveolens — h. Ain-
vuile. Oleum aniinale — h. Animnle dn D/jj/x/,
Oleum animnle Dippclii — h. Auimtilinee /mr >u-
/iiMion, Oleum aniin:ili/,atum per infusionem — h.
d'Aui». see Pimpinella anisnra — /(. Anthelmin-
tiqnede Chiihert, Oleum aniinale empyreMm:iticum
Chaberti — /;. Aroinntiqne. Oleum animali/atum
per infusionem — h. d'Anron^^, 'Artemisia abrota-
num (oil of) — A. de Cueno, Butter of Cacao — h.
de C'ide, see Juniperus oxycetlrus — h. de Cnrri,
Carura (oil) — h. de Cedmt, Oleum ■c<idrinum — h.
de jyetita Cliienn, Oleum animalizatuin per infii-
slot\em — //. de Come dc Cerf, Oleum aniunde Dip-
pelii — h. d'Ji/turt/c, Euphorbia bithyris — h. de
Fiiie de Murue, Oleum jecoris asclli — //. de Gubi.
on, Pctrolicum — li. de O'l'mjle, see Eugenia caryo-
phyllata — h. de Lanrier, Unguentum laurinuMi —
h. de Lin, see Linum usitatissinium — //. de Lis,
see Lilium candidum — h.de Jfarel/e, see Solanma
— /;. de Morne, Oleum jecoris aselli — li. de A'<;i>,
see Juglans cinerea — h. d'(Eil/ilte, Papaver((iil)
— /(. de Papier, Pyrothonide — li. dc I'lcdt dc lUviif,
Oleum bul)ulum — h. de Ulcin, see Rii-inus coni-
niunis — //. de Snecin, see Succinuin — h. de Tartve
par de/ui/lanee, Liquor potassiB subcarbonalis —
h. Verte, Balsam, green, of Metz — h. de Viit
donee. Oleum vEthereum.
IIUILES AN IM ALES, Olea animnlia — ».
DixtiUeen, Olea volatilia — h. Empi/reiimatiiiiien,
Olea empyreumatica — h. EnxeiitiellcH, Olea vola-
tilia-— h. Elhereex, Olea volatilia — h. Fixe.it, ou
Granxex, Olea fixa — h. Ent/iicen, Olea fugacia — h.
Mediiinah'H, Olea medicinalia — h. I'l/rmjhihH,
Olea empyreumatica — h. Vvliiti/es, Olea volatilia.
HUITDE CIIIFFRE. Figure of 8. A ban-
dage of which the turns are crossed in the forin
of the figure 8. Such is the bandage used al'ler
bleeding from the arm.
HUITO, (Jenipa oblongifolia.
HUITRE. Ostrea.
HUKEBANE, Ischion.
HULCUS. Ulcer.
HULGIE-BACKED, see Hump.
HULLUPING, Vomiting.
HU.M. VENOUS, limit de diable.
HUM RLE, Rectus inferior oculi.
HUMECTAN'TIA. From hnmevtnre, 'to mois-
ten ' A name formerly given to drinks, which
ajipeared to possess the property of augmenting
the fluidifv of the blood.
HU'MERAL, Hnmera'lln. That which belongs
to, or is connected with, the arm or humerus.
Hii'mkral Ak'teiiy, Arte'ria itnmera'lin, SCO
Brachial artery.
nUMERO'-CUUITAL, Brachialis anterior —
h. SuH-nietacarpleu, see Radialis — h. Siii-rodiid,
Supinator radii longus.
HU'MERUS, Se.n'pnla, Omot, Armni,, (F.)
Epanle, Shoulder, (Prov.) Spnud. The most ele-
vated part of the arm. The bones, which con-
cur in forming it, arc — the scapula, head of the
humerus, and the clavicle, united togctlier hy
strontr ligamcuts, and covered by numerous mus-
cles.
Hii'MEliUS, Os liu'meri scu hra'eliii sen niljii-
tii'rium seu hrachiii'le, lira'chlum, Liieer'liiH,
Shovlderbone, (Prov.) Spant-hone, Spnw-hiiiie,
SInd/hiine, is the cylindrical, irregular bone of
the arm ; the upper extremity of which has a
hemispherical head connected with the scapula ;
an<i two tuheroHities or tnbereleD, a i/reiiter and a
lexser, for the attachment of muscles, between
which is the Bieip'ltnl groove or Fouhq. At the
inferior extremity may be remarked — the inner
condijle, the outer condyle ; the eyuiill head, which
is articulated with the radius; the trochlea artica-
lated with the ulna, <fec. The humerus is deve-
loped by seven points of ossification: — one for
the body ; one for the head ; one for the greater
tuberosity ; one for the trochlea; one for the epi-
trochlea: one for the epicondyle; and another for
the lesser head.
IIuMKfMis ScMMi's, Acromion.
HUilEUn AQUEUSE, Aqueous humour —
h. Vri/HtidHne, C!rystnlline — h. H;pdo'ide. Cor])U3
vitreum — h. de Morc/nipii, Morgagni, humour of.
HUMEURS FRO IDES, Scrofula.
HUM IDE RADICALE. Humidum radicalc.
IIUMIDUM NATIVUM, IL radicale— h. No-
HUMILIS
4G'
HYALOID
tivum Articulorum, Synovia — h. Primigeniiiin,
JI. radicale.
IIu'midum Radica'lk, Ifu'mulnm primir/eii'i'itm
seu nati'vnm sen Sfiniivi'le, Jlad'icnl MoiHtiire,
(F.) Hitmitle rntlicnle. Names formerly given to
llie liquid which was conceived to give flexihility
and |)r<)per consistence to the different organic
textures.
IIuMini'M Skminale, ir. raiiicale.
HUM I MS, Rectus inferior oculi.
iniMLOIK. Coniiim.
HUMOR, Humour — h. Albugineous, Aqueous
hliuiour — h. Articuliiris, Synovia — h. Ceriwnitious,
Cerumen — h. Doridis, Water, sea — h. Genitalis,
Sperm — h. Glacialis, Crystalline, Corpus vitreum
— h. Jlyalinus scu Hj'aloides, Corpus vitreum —
h. Lacteiis, Milk — h. Lacryinalis, Tear — h. Mo-
lancholicus, see Mercurialis — h. Mercuriali.-', see
Mereurialis — h. Morgagnianus, Morgagni, humor
of — h. Ovatus, Atjueous humour — h. Oviforuiis,
Aqueous humour — h. Pericardii, see Pericardium
— h. Purulentus, Pus — h. Seminalis, Sperm — h.
Venereus, Si)erm — h. Vitrcus, Corpus vitreum.
HU'MORAIi, Humorx'li^, from Juimfre, 'to
moisten.' Proceeding from, or connected with,
the humours.
HUMORES INQUILINI, Recrementitial Se-
cretions.
HUMORTQUE, see Bruit h,ir»nnq„e.
HU'MORISM, Hu'moraf Pathol'ogy, Pathn-
ln(j"in Intmera'liK. A medical theory, founded
exclusively on the parts which the humours were
considered to play in the production of disease.
Although traces of this system may be found in
the most remote antitjuity, the creation, or, at all
events, the arrangement of it may be attributed
to Galen, who enveloped it in metaphysical sub-
tleties relating to the union between the elements
and the four cardinal humours.
HU'MORISTS. The Galenical and other phy-
sicians, who attributed all diseases to the de-
jiraved state of the humours, or to vicious juices
collected in the body.
HUMOUR, Humor, Hyrjrn'siiu Hijgre'tlnn,
Jfijiirum. Every fluid substance of an organized
body; — as the blood, chyle, lymph, Ac. The
Jfiiiiiourn, ^vptot, C/n/nii, Hiimo'rcn, differ consi-
derably as to number and quality in the different
(species of organized beings ; and even in the
same species, according to the state of health or
disease. The ancients reduced them to /nur ;
which they called cnr'iUn<tl humours : — the blood,
phlegm, yellow bile, and atrabilis or bbu-k bile.
A modern classification of the humours is given
under Fluid.
HUMP. Perhaps from timho, 'the boss of a
buckler.' Nunrh, Gibber, GIbbus, Gibba, Tuber,
(F.) Btinne. A prominence, formed by a devia-
tion of the bones of the trunk. Commonly, it is
formed by the spine or sternum, and is seated at
tlie posterior or anterior part of the trunk. It
may, also, be produced by deviation of tlie ribs
or jielvis. The spine may be curved in three
jirincipal directions. 1. Jinclcwurdu, the most
coMinion case: this the ancients called Kv^uiirtf,
Ciljihfi'Hin. Gibbon' itnu. 2. Forwards, ^opSuiati, Lor-
rfo'iM, liecurvn'tio ; and ii. Laterolli/, aKoXiuati,
&-i)liii'HiD, Obntipn'tin. Most curvatures occur at
II very early age, and are caused by scrofula,
rickets, Ac; and, not unfrcquently, they are
necompanied by caries of the vertebrap. See Ver-
tebral disease. One who is affected with a hump,
or is hum]>'bnekcd, IIu>nf)ti/, Huckshouldered,
Shrump-Hhouldered. (Sc.) Ifulf/iehached, Trud</e.
hiirkfd. (Prov.) Croophacked, is called, by the
Frcn']), bnsHu.
HUMPRACKED, see Hump.
HI'MPTV. see Humn.
HU.MULUS, Humukis lupulus.
IIu'-MtTLrs Lu'puLfS, Lu'pulus, L. scnudens
sen coiiiuiu'uis seu salieln'rius, Huniulus, (from
humus, ' the ground on which it creeps,') Courol'-
vu/iis pereu'uis, the f/<ip-p/<iiif. Ant. Ord. Ur-
ticacea;. (F.) Houb/mi, i'ii/ur du iionl. Its cones
or strobiles, Hu'niuli strob'ili (Ph. L.), J/uiuulus
(Ph. U. S.), have a fragrant odour ; and a bitter,
aromatic taste, depending on a j)eculiar princijile,
named Lu'pidiu, extractive and essential oil,
which may be extracted, equally, iiy water and
sjiirit, from the dried strobiles. The hop is em-
ploj'ed as a tonic and hypnotic, and enters into
the com|)ositi(m of ale and beer.
The /flip 2>iiloui, J'uiii'iiiir Jlu'iiiu/i, has long
been used for producing sleep.
HUNCH, Hump.
HUNGARICA FERRIS, Fever, Hungary.
HUN(xER, Anglo-Saxon, hunsep. Fames, Li-
luoH, Pi.lue, I'eiuii. Esu'ries, Jtju'uitim, Jejit'uitfis,
Esurit"io, Esuri'(/o, (F.) Fiinu. The necessity
for taking food. Hunger is an internal sensation,
wliich some authors have attrihuted to the fric-
ti(jn l)etween the sides of the stomach in its
em[)ty state: others, to the compression of tiie
nerves, when the organ is contracted : others, to
the action of the gastric juice, &e. It is diclaled
by the wants ol' the system : — farther we know
not. See A|:)jietife.
HUNGER-CURE, Limotherapcia.
HUNGRY, Fume/'icns. Li'mirus, Limo'des ,-
(Prov.) //(MP, (vulg.) Pcel.isli ; same etymon.
Airected with hunger.
HURA HRASIEIEN'SIS, Ansaeou, Assoeh,
Ihsuea. A Rrazilian tree, of the Nut. Ord. Eu-
phorbiaceio, wi)ich, in form of the extract of the
l)ark, is esteemeil a specillc in lei>rosy. It is,
also, given in elephantiasis, and as an anthel-
mintic.
HURDIES. N"ntes.
HURTLEI5ERRY, Vaccinium mvrtillus.
HYA-IIYA, 'l'abcrn;rniioirana utilis.
HYACIN Til, WILD, SciUa escolenta.
HYACINTHUS MUSCARl, Rulbus vomi-
torius.
HYyENAN'CHE GLOBO'SA. An arborescent
shrub of South Africa, Not. Ord. Euphorinace;e,
the fruit of wiiich. pounded, is used to destroy
hysenas and other beasts of prey, and seems to
contain strvchni.i.
HYAUEUS. Hyaline.
H Y ' A L I N E, Hyiili'nus, Hynle'us, Vit'reus,
Vii'reiius, (F.) Vitreux, vitre. Glassy. Resem-
bling glass.
HvM.iNR SiTBSTANCK, Cv tobla.<!tema.
iIYAUrriS. fn/lonnnii'tio tu'uiccp. hynln'ide (b,
Hi/iiliiidi'tis, Vit'reo-fdpsuH'tis, from hyaloid,
and itis, denoting inflammation. Intlammation
of the hyaloiil membrane of tlie eye.
HY'ALOfD.//y'r/o'(/f/). Hyahn'des, from 'va\oi,
' glass,' and nAoj, ' resemblance.' Vitriform ; re-
semliling glass.
HvALoin Canal, see Hyaloid membrane.
IlVAI>Oir) Fossa, Fossa Hyaliiide'a, is a cup-
like excavation in the vitreous humour, in which
the crystalline is imbedded.
Hy'ai.oii) Mkmbhank, Tu'iiica Hynldlde'a seu
Vil'rea.Meiidira'ua Araehuo'ide'a,\s the extremely
delicate membrane, which forms the exterior co-
vering of the vitreous humour, and transmits
within it prolongations, which divide it into cells.
FiUopiiis discovered this membrane, and gave it
the name llyaloid. On a level with the entrance
of the optic nerve into the eye, the hyaloid
membrane has been described as forming, by re-
flection, a cylindrical canal, which pierces the
vitreous humour from bchitid to before, as far as
the pf>sterior part of the crystalline. Sec Canal,
hyaloid. ,\t its anterior part is a depression —
IIYALOIDITIS
40 8
HYDRARGYRI
Fonsn prtfeUn'ri's sou Iciiticiihi'n's for the reception
of tiie crvstulline lens.
HYALOIDITIS, llyalitis.
HYALONIXIS, see Cataract.
IIYALOXYXIS, see Cataract.
IIYALOS. Yitrum.
HYANCIIE, Cynanobe tonsillaris.
IIYBO.MA, (iibbositas.
liYEllID, Hi'hrida, Hn'hridn, (F.) Hi/hride,
from the Greek 'vlipig. 'vl3piSos, 'mongrel or mun-
grel.' (F.) Jtetls, J/iilet. A beinj? born of two
different species, — as the uiule. The term is ap-
plied to plants as well as to animals. The result
is termed Hijbriditt/. Hybrid is often, also, used
to designate words wliich are formed from two
different hinguages — as uter-///s, for inflammation
of the \iterus, in place of metritis.
HYBRIDITY, see Hybrid.
HYDAilTHROSIS, llydrarthrus.
HYDAllTlIRUri, Hydrarthrus.
IIYDAS, Hydor.
HYDAT'ID, Hy'dntis, BnJln, Aqu'nla, Hy-
(Jro'd, Hydi-nrijs'tis, Hi/f/rwyx'tis, Tcein'a liydn-
iig"cnn, Echitiococ'cus htima'nus, from 'ui5oi)/j,
'vbarog, 'water.' This name was long given to
every encysted tumour which contained an aqueous
and transparent fluid. JNIany pathologists sub-
sequently applied it to vesicles, softer than the
tissue of membranes, more or less transparent,
which are developed within organs, but without
jidhering to their tissues. It is by no means clear
that these formations are really entozoa. They
have been found in various parts of the body ;
sometimes in the uterus, occasioning signs nearly
similar to those of pregnancy, but being sooner
or later expelled. The expulsion is generally
attended with more or less hemorrhage. See
Acephalocystis.
Hydatis, Aqu'nln, PJdi/clcR'iiidri, Vcrrn'ca Pal-
pehra'rnm, i'lil'inm, also, meant a small, transpa-
rent tumour of the eyelids. — Galen, C. Hoffmann.
HYDATIDES CERYICIS UTERI, Nabothi
glandidce.
IIYDATIDOCE'LB, Hydatoce'le, from 'viaTiq,
'hydatid,' and k^Xtj, 'a tumour.' Oscheocele
containing hydatids; the Oscheocc'le Injdutido'sa,
Mydafidoscheoc.e'/e of Sauvages.
HYDATIDOIDES, Hydatoid.
HYDATIDO'MA, from 'v&art;, 'hydatid.' A
tumour caused by hydatids.
IIYDATIDOSCHEOCELE, Hydatidocele.
HYDAT'IFOR.M, Hijdntiform'iH. A hybrid
•word from hydatid and fur ma, 'form.' Resem-
Lling an hvdatid.
HYDATINUS, Hydatoid.
UYDATIS FINNA, Cysticercus cellulose.
HY'DATIS'-MUS, from 'uiup, 'v&aroi, 'water.'
The noise caused by the fluctuation of pus con-
tained in an abscess. — Aurelian, Foesius.
HYDATOCELE, Hydatidocele, Hydrocele.
HYDATOCH'OLOS,from'u^wp,'u6uro?,' water,'
and X"^''' 'bile.' Aqno'ao-bil'ious. An epithet
given to evacuated matters when mixed with
■water and bile. — Hippocrates, Foesius.
HYDATODES, Aqueous.
IIY'DATOID, HydiitoVdes, A'qnernm, Aquo' -
sua, Hydato'dcH, Hydnt'inus, Hydatidu'des, Hy-
datido'i'des, from 'vSiap, 'v^arof, ' water,' and eo-'os,
'resemblance.' Watery. Resembling water. This
name has been given to the membrane of the
aqueous humour; and, also, to the aqueous humour
itself. Viniiw hi/dnto'des ; wine and water.
HY'DATONCilS, Anasarca, CEdema.
HYDATOPO'SIA, from 'viuio, 'vbaros, 'water,'
and TToo-i?, 'drinking.' Water-drinking; — hence
HYDATOP'OTES. A water-drinker.
nYDATOTHERAPEIA,Hydrosudotherapeia.
HYDERICUS, Hydropic.
HYnERODEf, Hydropic.
HYDERONCUS, Anasarca. (Edema.
HYDEROS, Anasarca, Hydrops.
HY'DOR, J/y'diitds, 'vfiwp, 'u<5uT0{, and Ilydaa,
Jiydaioa, 'u^iij, 'vbaros, 'water.' Heucc :
HYDRACHNIS, see Yaricclla.
HYDRADEN, Conglobate gland.
HYHRADENI'TJS,//! //'<""""'''■" .'/'"'"''"'"'non
lyniplmticu'ritm, from ll^drndcn, 'a lymphiitie
gland,' and itin, denoting inilamination. Infiani-
mntion of a lymphatic gland.
HYDRjE'UUS, from 'u^up, 'water,' and aiioia,
'genital organs.' OKdema of the female organ.'-.
HYDRiEMIA, Hydroajmia.
HYDRAGOGA, Hydragogues.
HY'DRAGOGIA, Hydragogues.
HYDRAGOGICA, Hydragogues.
IIY'DRAGOGUES, Ilydmyo'ija, Hydycjn'ijlc,
HydnKjii'ijicit, Hydi-dp' ica, Uydrot' icn, Aqiiiiiii'-
cn, from 'u(5wp. 'water,' and uyw, 'I expel.' Me-
dicines believed to be capable of expelling serum
effused into any part of the body. These are
generally cathartics or diuretics.
HYDRAGOGUM BOYLEI, Argenti nitras.
HYDRALLANTE, False Waters.
HY'DRAL'LAS, from 'vSwp, 'water,' and aAAas,
'a sausage,' — see AUantois. A morbid increase
in tlie quantity of the fluid of the allantois.
HYDRALM.^. Waters, mineral (saline).
HYDRAM'NIOS, from '.kWp, 'water,' nn.l
'amuius.' An excessive quantity of the liciuiii'
amnii.
HYDRAN'GEA AREORES'CENS, //. vidqn'-
ris, Set'eiilnnk, Wild llydian'tjen, Jlixniim. Ord.
Ilydrangcie. An indigenous plant, which flowers
in July. The leaves are said to be tonic, siahi-
gogue, cathartic, diuretic, and antilithic. [?]
HYDRANGEITIS, Angeioleucitis.
HY'DRANGIA, Lymphatic vessels.
HYDRANGIOGRAPHIA, Angeiohydrogra-
HYDRANGTOTOMIA. Angeiohydrotomy.
HYDRARGYRANATRIP'SIS, Hydmn/yren-
trip'si><, from 'v^fxipyvpoi, ' quicksilver,' ami ava-
Tpi-lii, 'rubi/uig in.' The rubbing in of a prepa-
ration of quicksilver: — Hijdmri/yi-dtrip'ii'!.
HYDRARGYRENTRIPSIS, Hydrargyrana-
tripsis.
HYDRARGYRI ACBTAS, Ilydrargyrus ace-
tatus — h. liiehloridum, H. oxymurias — h. Bicya-
nidum, H. cyanuretum — h. Biniodidum, H. indi-
dura rubrum — h. Binoxydum, H. oxydum rubrum
— h. Bisulphuretuni, H. sulphf.retum rul)rum— h.
Borussias, H. cyanuretum — h. Broniidum, see
Bromine ^ — h. Calx alba. Hydrargyrum pnccipi-
tatum — h. Chloridum, II. submurias — h. Chlnri-
dum corrosivum, 11. Oxymurias — h. Chloridum
mite, H. submurias.
HYnRAR'yvm Cyanure'tum, H. Cyan'idum seu
Bornn'sias seu Bicynit'idiim, Hydmi'(jynim Cy"-
iwgenn'tum seu IJydrocyan' iciun seu JloniK ificiiiii
seu Zoot'icKW, I'riissias Ilydi-ar'yyii, Cyiin'mel
or PniKxiate <>f Mercury, (P.^^ Cymnire de Jlei-
ciire. (Ferri Ferro-cyaiinret. ^iv ; Uydrary. ou:id.
riibr. ,^iij; vel q. s. ; Aqua dcxtHlat. Oiij. Put
the ferro-oyanuret and three ounces of the oxide
of mercury, previously powdered and thoroughly
mixed together, into a glass vessel, and jiour on
two pints of the distilled water. Boil the mix-
ture, stirring constantly ; and if, at the end of
I half an hour, the blue colour remains, add small
portions of the oxide of mercury, continuing the
ebullition until the mixture becomes of a yellow-
ish colour; then filter through paper. Wash the
residue in a pint of the distilled water, and fdter.
Mix the solution and evaporate till a pellicle ap-
pears, and set the liquor aside, that crystats may
form. To purify the crystals, sulgect it to re-
IIYDRARGYUI
4 00
nVDRARGYKI
(lolution, ovnporation, and crj-i.tiilli/,rit,ion. — Ph.
U. S.) This proiiaration lias been strongly re-
commcndeil as a [xnvcrfnl antisvfihilitic, ami is
ailinill'!(l into tho Parisian fodex. Twelve to
twenty-four grains may be dissolved in a quart
(if distilled water, and three or four spoonfuls of
the solution he taken daily in a glass of any up-
jiropriiite liiinid.
IIvDiiAUGVia Dkitto-iodidum, II. lodidum ru-
hruin — h. Deuto-ioduretutn, see Iodine — h. Deu-
tonitras, see II. nitras — h. Dipernitras, see H.
nitras — h. lIypero.\odes, Hydrargyri nitrico-
oxydum.
ilVDItAlTGVRI lon'iDl.'Jf, //. Prnfoiod'khim seu
Priilo-iodiire'tiim seu Sahiod'idum, Ihjdntr'iiy-
rnm lodii'tum Jltivnm seu lodiilulu'tnm, Lid'lduiii
seu lodiirc'tinn hi/drnri/i/ro'mnii, f'roto'indnfe'tum
vierrii'ril, I'odldr or P'r„t!'od!de of Mercury, (F.)
Hi iitdiiidiirc ou Pnilii'nlnre de Me.rcnre, {Hijdrarf/.
5), todiii, ^v, Alcohol (]. s. Rub the mercury
and iodine together, adding sufficient alcohol to
form a soft paste, and continue the trituration till
the globules disappear. Dry the iodide in the
dark, with a gentle heat, and keep it in a well-
Btopped bottle, the light e.Ycluded. — Ph. U. S.)
Dose, one grain, gradually raised to three or
four.
IIvDUAnavni Iodidum CnLOUini, Mercury,
iodide of chloride of.
IIVDRAUGVUI loDrnt'M RuBRtiM, //. Biniod'-
idiim seu Deiito-iod'ldiim seu Dcnto-iodiire'tiim
8eu Period' ididii, Hydrnrf/'i/ritm iodn'tiinl riibrutn
seu liiiodn'tiim seu Periodii'tinn, lode'titm seu
lod'Idiiiii Ifijdrtu-ipjr'icnm, Dento-iodure'tiitii mer-
cii'n'i, Red I'odide, TUni'odide, Deiiti'odide and
Peri'odlde of Mercury, (F.) DeittiiidHre ou Bi-
xodnre ou Perinihtre de Jfercure. ( ITydrorg.
orrtm. chhirid. ^j. Putnssii lodid. '^K, Aqiice
denlithtt. Oij. Dissolve the chloride in a pint and
11 hiilf, and the iodide of potassium in half a pint
of distilled water, and nii.x the solutions. Col-
lect the precipitate on a filter, and, having washed
it with distilled water, dry it with a moderate
heat, and keep it in a well-stopped bottle. - — Ph.
U. S.) Dose, one-sixteenth to one-fourth of a
grain.
llvDiiAitGyi?! MnniAS basi Oxvnr imperfkcti,
II. oxyniurias — h. Murias corrosivuni, H. oxymu-
rins — h. Marias diilcis sublimatus, II. submurias
— h. OxygcMiatus. 11. Oxyniurias — h. Marias spi-
rituosus lidjuidns, Liquor hydrargyri oxyinuriatis
— li. Murias suboxygcnatiis pr;ccipitatione para-
tus. Hydrargyrum precipitafnin.
IIvDHAltGYHI NiTIiAS. Nitnin Hydmr'gyri in
erynlnlt'oH coiicrc'tiiH. flydrnrjjyrtim iiit'riciiiii,3fer-
ciirinn »ifrii'HiiK fri'iiorepnra'tHH, NitrnH hydrnrijy-
iii'min, Az'ntiin hydrrnr/yro'siiK, Nitrate of 3ler-
ciiry, (F.) Azotnte de tnerciire, Protniizotrite de iiier-
'■)ire. Nitrate merciireiix. It is employed in syphi-
lis; and, externally, in fungous, obstinate ulcers.
It is used in the formation of the Soluble Mer-
cury of Hahnemann.
An acid tiitmle of mercury, Hydmr'gyri dentn-
ttitrrm seu dipcrnitran sen siipeniitrns. Merrii'riiiK
iiitrii'miH cnl'ide piu-a'tiiD, Nitras hydr'irgyr'iciis,
Az'otiiH hydrargi/r' icim litj'i(idiis, Liipinr Hydrar'-
giiriii>i)>eriiilra'li/i,Hyilrargyri periiilra'tis Liquor,
(Ph. D.) Solution of siiperiiitrnte of nierciiry, So-
I'dion o/mipeniitrnle ofdoitoxide of mercury, (F.)
J)eiitoiizotale ncide lii/uide de mercure. Nitrate
rii-iilp (le mercure. made by dissolving four parts
of mercury in ci:xht of uilric acid, and evaporating
the solution to nine parts, has been used as a
caustic in malignant ulcerations and cancerous
a(Te-tions.
ir<i)v/'« White Drops, — a once celebrated anti-
scorbutic nostrum, — wore prepared by dissolving
mercury in nitric acid, and adding a solution of
earbonate tf ammonia; or, frequently, they con-
sisted of a solution ot sublimate with carbonate of
ammonia.
IIydrargyui Xit'rico-ox'vdiiM, Hydmr'gyri
oxydum ruhnun (Ph. U. S.), Hydranjyrus nitrti'-
tns ruber, Jl/ercu'rins currosi'viis ruber seu prceci-
pita'tus corrosi' vns seu jircecipita'tns ruber seu
coralli'nns, Arca'uuiii coralli'uum, Pul'vis pjrin'-
cipis, Pra:cipit(('tus ruber, Oi'ydum hydrar'gyri
comple'tum seu hydrargyr' icnm, Panace'a mercn' -
rii rubra, Pnlvis Joau'uis de Vigo, Oxo'des hy-
drargyri rubrum, Hyperojco'des hydrargyri, O.r'y-
dum hydrar'gyri nit'ricum sen hydrargyri rubruiii
per ac" id um nit'ricum, Nitric o.eide of mercury.
Red precip'itate, (F.) Oxide nitrique de mercure,
Precipite rouge ou per se, Mercure c.oralliu, Nitrntn
de mercure rouge. (Hydrurg. ^^x.xxvj; Acid,
nitric. f,^xviij; AquoB Oij. Dissolve the mer-
cury with a gentle heat, in the acid and water
previously mixed, and evaporate to dryness. Hub
into powder, and heat in a very shallow vessel
till red vapours cease to rise. — Ph. U. S.) It is
a stimulant and escharotie, and used as such in
foul ulcers, being sprinkled on the part in fine
powder, or united with lard into an ointment.
Hydrargyri Oxodes R(jbru.m, Hydrargyri
nitrico-oxydum — h. Oxydi murias ainiiioniacalis,
Hydrargyrum prjecipitatum — h. Oxydulum ni-
grum, II. Oxydum cinereum.
IIyduargyiu Oxydum Cine'reum, ^Jthiopi
per se, Mcrcn'riua niger Mosca'ti sen prcecipitii'-
tua niger, Oxydum hydrar'gyri ]iigrum seu hy-
drargyro'sum seu hydrargyr' icnm praci pita' turn,
Oxyd'ulum hyilrar'gyri iiigniii>,Pulrlsmercuri(i'liH
cine'reus, Mercurius cine' reus, Turpe'lhum nigrum.
Gray or Black oxide of Mercury. (F.) Oxide de
mercure cendre, Oxide gris ou noir de mercure.
Protoxide de mercure. This oxide is made iu
various waj-s. It may be formed by boiling sub-
muriate of mercury in lime water. The dose of
this Pulvis Hydrargyri cincreus is from two to
ten grains. There are four other preparations of
it in estimation, viz : — Plenck's sidiition, made by
rubbing mercury with mucilage. 2. By rubbing
equal parts of sugar and mercury together. 3.
A ciuiipound of honey or liquorice and ])urified
mercury. 4. The blue pill, and ointment. All
these possess the usual properties of mercurj'-
The Hydrargyri Oxidum Nigrum of the Ph. U.
S. is made as follows: — Hydrarg. Chlorid. mit.,
PotasucF, aa ^^iv. Aqua Oj. Dissolve the potassa
in the water, allow the dregs to subside, and jionr
off the clear solution. To this add the chloride,
and stir constantly till the black oxide is formed.
Pour off the supernatant liquor, wash the black
oxide with distilled water, and dry with a gentle
heat. Dose, one or two grains.
The 3fercurius s(du'biHs of Hahnemann is
formed from a black oxide of mercury. It is tho
.]fercuriu8 soln'bilis Hahneman'ni, Oxydum hy-
drarqijri nigri medinn'te ammo'nid ex profoni-
tra'te hydrar'gyri prcpei/iit'i'tuin, Az'otas hydrar-
gyro'so-nmmo' nicns, (F.) Azutate de mercure et
d'aiumoniaque, Oxyde gris on noir de Mercure,
Precipite noir, Turbith noir. which has been es-
teemed, in Germany and France, as an antisyphi-
litic. Dose gr. I-5th to gr. i. It is used in the
same cases as the Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum.
HYDRARGYni Oxydum Nigrum, II. oxyduin
cinereum — h. Oxydum nigrum mediante ammo-
nia et protonitrate hydrargyri prfecipitatum, see
H. oxydum cinereum — h. Oxydum nitricum, Hy-
drargyri nitrico-oxydum.
Hydrargyri Oxydum Rubrum, //. Binox'y-
dum, Mercurius calcina'tus, Hydrar'gyrus calci-
natus, (F.) Oxide de Mercure rouge, lied oxide
of mer'cury. (INfade by precipitation from a so-
lution of bi:h!oride of mercury by solution of
potassa.) Pee Hydrnrgyri nitrico-oxyiUun.
It is stimulant and escharotie ; and, in largo
IIYI)RARGyRl
470
HYDRARGYRUM
doses, cmotio. Owin;^ to the violence of its ope-
ration, it is seldom given iiiteriially.
llYnilAItGYRl OXYDUM RuBKlIM PeR AciDUM
NiTHicUM, llydrfirgyri iiitrieo-oxyduiu — h. Oxy-
duiu saceharatum, llj'drargynun saeeliaratum —
h. Oxyduin sulphurieiun, Hydrargyrus vitrioiatus.
IIYDIIAIIGYRI OxY.MU'RIAS, H. C'hio' ridllill Cor-
rosi'viiiii (Ph. U. S.), seu liichlo'iidiini seu Fer-
inii'rias, Hi/drar(/ynis mnria'tnn, jffu'n'ns hydrar-
gyri corniii' viti seu oxi/j/enii'tns seu hydrarijyri
b'f<! o.vydi impeifer'tl seu hydra rf/yri corrosivuiii,
Siihlimix'tnn corrom'vus, Sublimit'lKin corrnniinitii,
Jllerciirins corroxivus seu corrosivui siibliiiia'titH,
Siipermn' rlttH hydrargyri, (F.) Deutochlontre ou
Jiichloride de ntercin-e, Jfiniate oxygene de mer-
cure, Sublime currosif; Bichlo' ride or Oxymurinte
or Carrofine murinte of mercury, Corronive subli-
mate. {Hydrnrg. tbij, Acid. Sulphur. Ibiij,
Sodii Chlurid. Ibiss. Boil the mercury with the
sulphuric acid until the sulphate of mercury is
left dry. Rub this, when cold, with the chloride
of sodium, in an earthenware mortar; then sub-
lime with a gradually increasing heat. — Ph. U. S.)
It is used as an antisyphilitic eutrophic in vene-
real complaints, old cutaneous affections, Ac.
Gr. iij to Oj of water is a good gargle in venereal
sore-throats, or an injection in gonorrhoea. Ex-
ternally, it is applied in cases of tetter, and to
destroy fungus, or stimulate old ulcers. Dose,
gr. 1-16 to gr. 1-8, in pill, once in twenty-four
Lours. White of egg is the best antidote to it,
when taken in an overdose.
The Yellow Wash, Aqua phngedce' nica, Lo'tio
Jlydrar'gyri Jlavit, Ph/igedeii'ic Wash, is made by
adding corrtmire siihlinidte to lime-water, usually
in the proportion of fifteen grains to half a pint.
It is a common application to syphilitic sores.
HYnuAitGYRi PEiuoninuM, II. lodidum rubrum
— h. Permurias, Ilydrargyri oxymurias — h. Pro-
to-iodidum, H. lodidum — h. Proto-ioduretuin, II.
lodidum — h. Proto-tartras, II. tartras — h. Prus-
sias, II. cyanuretum — h. Saccharum vermifiigum,
Hydrargyrum saceharatum — hT Subchloridum,
H. Submurias — h. Subiodidum, H. lodidum.
Hydrargyri Submu'rias, H. Chhir'idnm seu
Subchlor' idum seu Ofilor'idtim mite (Ph. U. S.).
Calom'elas, Cahnnel'anos Torquc'ti, Citlom'eli,
Hydrnr'gyrum mitrint'iciim mile, Draco mitiga'tus,
Submu'rias liydrargyri niiiis, Shbmu'rias Hydrar-
fjyri aublima'tum, Jfercu' rius dulcin seu dulcin mi-
blima'tu8 ; — vihtin precipitated, 31. didcis preci-
pita'tus, j\[. Hublima'tux dulcin, J/. Zo'ticiis Jlart-
maii'iii, — Pauace'a 3lercuriu'lis (when nine times
sublimed), Marian liydrargyri dulcis subli-
ma'tus, Aq'uila, 3Ianiia Metallo'rum, Pauchy-
mago'gum nriiiera'le, P. Querceta'nus, mild Ohio-
ride, protochloride, anbmuriate, nubchloride, or
mild Muriate of Mercury, Cal'omel, (F.) Mercure
doux, Prolochlorure de mercure. Mild chloride
of mercury is thus directed to be prepared in the
Pharmacopoeia of the United States: — Mercury,
Ibiv; Sulphuric Acid, Ibiij; Chloride of Sodium,
ibiss; Dill illed water, a, sufficient qu:intity. Boil
two pounds of the mercury with the sulphuric
ucid, until the sulphate of mercury is left dry.
Rub this, when cold, with the remainder of the
mercury, in an earthenware mortar, until they
are thoroughly mixed. Tlien add the chloride
of sodium, and rub it with the other ingredients
till all the globules disappear: afterwards su-
blime. Reduce the sublimed matter to a very
fine powder, and wash it frequently with boiling
distilled water, till the washings afford no precipi-
tate upon the addition of Hiiuid ammonia; then
dry it. Properties. Antisyphilitic and siala-
gogue : in large doses, jiurgative. Dose: one or
two grains given at night gradually excite ptya-
lisin. Gr. V to xx, purge. Children bear larger
doses than adults.
The Black Wash, Lo'tio Hydrnr'gyri m'grrt,
is formed of calomel, ^i'j > Liiue-watvr, Oj. l)^c(i
for syphilitic sores.
IlYnRARGYRi Submurias Ammoxiaum, Hy-
drargyrum priucipitatum — h. Subsulpluis lluvus,
Hydrargyrus vitriidatus — h. Subsulplias ptrn.xi-
dati, Hydragyrus vitrioiatus — h. yuljihas, lly.
drargyrus vitrioiatus, Hydrargyri sulphas flaviis.
Hydrargyri Si'limidre'tum Nigrum, II. sul.
phure'tum cum eul'jihure, Jfylrargijrus sen Mrr-
curius cum sul' plnue, H. e siil'jihure, .tKlhiups
luiuera'lis, Ptilnis hypuot'icus, yi^lhiops umcui'-
icus, Calom'elas, (F.) Sulfure de mercure uuir.
Black sulphurel of mercury, Sulphuret of merciuij
with suljihur, Ethiops mineral, {l/ydian/., Sul-
phur, aa Ibj. Rub together till tlie gloluijrs dis-
appear. Ph. U. S.). Used chiefly in .•^ciiiCiduiia
and cutaneous affections. Dose, gr. x to ^ss.
Hydrargyri Suli-hure'tum Rubiium, il. Bi-
sulphure'tum, Hydrargyrus sulphura'lus ruber,
Mlii'ium piirum seu Graco'rum, Mugues i pitr/,'.
sice, Auimiou, I'urpuris'sum, J/ercurius Ciiiiiit-
bari'uus, Cinuab'aris, Ciuab'aris, Ciuubu'rium,
Bisulphuret or Ited Sulphuret of Mercury, Viu'.
vabar, Ciu'oper, Vermil'ion, (F.) Sulfure de
Mercure rouge, Ciuabre, Ciinutbre. [l/ydrun/.
3x1; Sulphur, ^vWy Mix the mercury with tlio
sulphur melted over the fire; and as soon sis the
mass begins to swell remove the vessel friiiu the
fire, and cover it with considerable force to pre-
vent combustion. Rub the mass into powder and
sublime. (Ph. U. S.)
It is an antisyphilitic, but is chiefly used in
fumigation against venereal ulcers of the nose,
mouth, and throat; — ,^ss being thrown on a red-
hot iron. This preparation is the basis of a nos-
trum, called Boerhanve's lied Pill,
Hydrargyri Supermurias, H. oxymurias— h.
Supernitras, see Hydrargyri nitras.
Hydrargyri Tartras, H. Proto-tartras, Tar-
trate (f Mercury. Antisyphilitic. Dose, one or
two grains twice a day.
Hydrargyri et Arsenici Iodidum, Arsenic
and Mercury, iodide of.
Hydrar'gyri et Qui'nijE Proto-chlo'ridum,
Protochloride of Mercury and Qiiinia. A Com-
bination of mild chloride of mercury and quinia,
administered in obstinate cutaneous diseases.
HYDRARGYRIA, Eczema mercuriale.
HYDRARGYRl'ASIS, Hydrargyri,' sis, from
'u(5papyt)pof, 'mercury.' A disease induced by the
use of mercury; Morbits Mercuria'lis,{V.) Mula-
die Mercurielle. Poisoning by mercury. Eczema
mercuriale. Also, the phenomena produced by
mercury on the organism, Mereu'riulism, 3kr-
curialism'us.
HYDRARGYRICUM, Mercurial.
HYDRARGYRIUM, Mercurial.
HY'DRARGYROSIS, Eczema mercuriale, Ily-
drargyriasis.
HYDRARGYRO-STOMATITIS, see Saliva-
tion, mercurial, and Stomatitis, mercurial.
H Y D R A R G Y R 0 T R I P S I S, Ilydrargyra-
natripsis.
HYDRAR'GYRUM, Hydrar' gyrus, from 'viuf,
'water,' and apyvpof, 'silver;' Mercu'rius, Aryeu-
tum vivitm seu irio'bile seu fusum seu fugili'vum
seu liq'nidum, 3Iissadau, Fumus albus, Lorus,
Area arcauo'rum, Dce'dalus, 3Ialer metallo'riiiii,
3fercury, Qnick'siher, formerly Argeut-virc, (F.)
3fercur'e, M. cm, Vif Argent. A fluid, brilliant
metal; of a slightly bluish while colour; fluid
above — ;^9° of Fahr. and under 056°. S. g-,
when liquid, 13.568 (Cavendish); easily oxydized.
Metallic quicksilver does not act on the body,
even when taken into the stomach. When o.xy-
dized, and combined with acids, it acts powerfully.
It has been exhibited in cases of constriction "f
the bowels and in intussusception, from a notion
IIVDRARGVRUS
471
IIYDREL.EON
♦hflt it must certainly pas? through flie bowels liy
its t;riivity. The water, in which mercury has
been Ijoiicd, has been recommended as a vermi-
fuge ; l)Ut it prol)iil)ly enjoys no such jiroperty, as
cheiuicai tests do not exhil)it the presence of the
metal. When the crude metal is distilled in an
iron retort, it forms the J/i/ctiur'tjynim 2i"i"'-
Jirii'lniii.
Hyi)ri\n(iYi!i;.M AMSios'iATO-MnniATK tm. II.
pri«ci|iitatum — h. Aminoiiiatum, II. pnccipitatum
— h. IJiiodatuiii, llydrariryri iodiduni ruUruin — h.
Biiodatum cum kalio iodalo, Potassii hydrarifyro-
i.)didum — h. Horussicuiii. llydrarj^yri cyanuretum
— h. Cyano^^eiiatuiu, llydrar(;yri cyanuretum.
HymtARGYiu-M cn.M Cukta (Ph. II. S.), //?/-
dnii'i/i/riiH cniii cretd, MeivHviiiK (ilhiiUnit'tiin, M<r-
eiin/ iiitk cliiitk, yE'llii<>]iH (ticitliKd'liiK, (Jitiij
pi'inder, (F.) Mercuie acne In crnie. [Hydrnnj.
iiij; Crelcs p a-jioriit. ^v. Rub them tofrelher
till the globules disappear. Ph. U. S.) A pro-
tu.xide of mercury, formed by trituration with
carl)onate of lime. It is somewhat uncertain ;
and consc(|uently not much emi)!oyed as a mer-
curial. It possesses the properties of the black
o.xide of mercury, and may be a>ivantageously ex-
liiliited in cases of diarrhoea in children, depend-
ent upon aciility and vitiated secretions. Dose,
gr. V to ^^ss, twice a day, in any viscid substance.
Hydiiaiigvuum oi'M Magnk'sia of the Dublin
Pharmacopreia resemhles it in properties.
IIyi)Iiaugviu'M IlYl>itocYANirt;.M, lly<lrargyri
cyanuretum — h. ludatum, llydrar;,'yri iodidum —
h. lodatum cum chtorido Mereurii, Mercury, io-
dide of chloride of — h. lodatum flavum, ]Iy<lrar-
gyri iodidum — h. lodatum rubrum, IIyilrar!:;yri
iodidum ruhrum — h. lodidulatum, Ilydrarjjyri
iodidum — h. Muriaticum Mite. Ilydrargjri sub-
jnurias — h. Nitricum, llydrargyri nitras — h. Pe-
riodiitum, llyilrargyri iodidum rubrum.
IlYDKAIKJYIiUH Plt/KCI ['ITA'tUM, H. nilimrDi hl'-
liim (F'h. U. S.). //. ininiioin'o'lD-tnitn'at'icKm, Hy-
driti'gi/ri innno'itin-clili)' rliiitm, Merciin'its cus-
met'icuK, Mn'riiiH o.ridi In/dr/irf/i/ri <tmmi>}ii(tc(i'lis,
M. hi/drar'</i/fi mib-oxi/yeiin'tiix picpi'ipitotio' ne-
ptira'liin, Siihmn'rias ainiitoiil'fuo-liydrm'f/i/r'i-
CH», S. Hi/drarr/i/ri ammniiititdiit seu Praci-
pitd'tmn, Citlx Hydrnrgyri niha, PrcBc!j)il"'tiini
album, Amino' iiio-cliloride i>f Mcroury, White
pici!/)' itdtc of }fi:rciu-y. White precipitnte, Uiil-
cliiit'tiini mti/'uK Pdte'rii, (P.) Sonxmnrinte de mer-
citre pricipitf. ou Pr^vipitf bluiie. (liydriii;/.
chhn'd. norroK. ^vj : nqnce destilhit. eong., Liquor
aiiiiiioiiia'., f^^viij. Dissolve the chloride in the
water, with the aid of heat, and to tiie solution,
when cold, add tlie solution of ammonia, fre-
quently stirring. Wash the precipitate till it is
tasteless, and dry it —Ph. U. S.)
A peroxide, combined wiih muriatic aci'l and
ammonia, forming a triple salt. It is used in
powder, to destroy vermin ; and, united with
lard, for the same purpose, as well as in scabies
and some other cutaneous affections.
IlyPRAUGYItUM SacCHARa'tIIM, yE'thinps snc-
chrixt'liiH, Merv.n'fiiis sdceharn'tiis, Ox'idiim hy-
dntrgiiri iidcchrirn'tiim, Sde.'clidruin hydrdrtjyri
vermif'uipim. A mild mercurial formula in seve-
ral of the Pharmacopoeias of continental Europe;
formed by triturating one part of mercury with
two of while Kuijor. It is Used in the venereal
affections of ehibiren.
IlYDRAUGYuiijf ZooTici'M, Ilydrargyri cyanu-
retum.
IIYDRARdYRUS. Hydrargyrum.
IlYnit vitiJViu'S Ackta'tiis, >7*er»ia viercu'rii,
Term folid'tn luercu'rii, Mercurial aeetn'tuR, Hy-
drurgyri Aee'l'in, AcetOH seu Protn-nce'tdS Hy-
drnn/yri. Ar"rlnte <if niercnry. This was the
'>asis of Kcyxer'n pillx, and was once much cele-
brated iu the cure of the venereal disease. The
dose is from three to five grains, but it is not
much used.
The formula for Keyxer'a aiiti-reuereal pills
was as follows j^ — Jiydrnrg. Aeet. '^iv ; Muuua-,
,^xxx ; Amy/, gij; JIiic. O. Traij. q. s. To be
made into pdls of gr. vj each. Dose, two pills.
llYDHAHGYKti.s Ca i.ciN ATUS, Ilydrargyri oxy-
dum ruhrum — h. cum Creta, Hydrargyrum cum
crela — h. IVluriatus, Ilydrargyri oxymurias — h.
Js'itratus ruber, Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum.
II YDR AUG vims PlIUSI-HOIlA'Trs, Pliox/Jnnel'lf/l
mereiuy. This preparation has been recom-
mended in cases of inveterate venereal ulcers,
but is now scarcclj' used.
HYDRATiGYiais SiH.PH URKTi's RuBKU, Ilydrar-
gyri sulpburetum rubrum ^ — h. cum Sulpliurc,
I Ilydrargyri suljiliuretuw nigrum — h. e SulpLurt,
Ilydrargyri sulpburetum nigrum.
II YI)l!ARGYRi;s VlTRloi.A'rrs, Turpe'thuni vii-
iiejd'le, Mercnriits eiiiet'icux /Idviix seu cdxs' I icux
fldviis seu lu'teux, Uydrdi ijyri HulphdH seu mdjihut
'fIdruH (Ph. U. S.J, Subxulphdx Hydrdryyri Jldvu>.,
O.ryduiit hydrari/yri nulphu' rieiim, tSubxul'phtix
liydnirijyri perojidd'ti, Vtilx lucreu'rii vilriold'to,
Tiirbilh luiii'erdl, (F.) Soux-xul/iite de mercure ou
turbiih iiiiiierdl. (Uydrar//. ^'^'i Acid. iSu/ph.
,^vj. Mi.K in a glass vessel, and boil in a sand-
bath till a dry, white mass remains. Kub this
into ]iowdi'r, and throw it into boiling water.
Pour olf the liquor, and wash the yellow preci-
pitated powder repeatedly with Lot water: then
dr3' it — Ph. U. K.) Two grains of this mercuriiil
act on the stomach violently. It is sometimes
recommended as an crrliino in amaurosis.
HYDRA RTll RON, llvdrarthrus.
IIYDRARTIIROS, H^-drarthrus.
HYDRARTHROSIS, llvdrarthrus.
IIYDRAR'TIIRUS, I/ydarthrux. If. synovia'-
lix. Ilydropx drtienio' rniii. llydrdrlhroii, Ilydrdr'-
throx, Jlelive'rid, Spina veiito'sa of Rliazcs and
Avieenna, Arlhri'fis Hydrar'thros, Hydarlhro'six,
Ilifdrarlliro'xix, Emnnjx'inm arlirula're, Tumor
aihux, White xu)elliiii/ ; from 'viwp, 'water,' and
apSpov, 'a joint.' (F.) Tuiiicur blanche, T. lyin-
phaliqite dex articulatioux. The F"'rench surgeons
apply the term HydrarthruD to dropsy of the ar-
ticulations. White swelling is an extremely for-
midable disease. It may attack any one of the
joints; but is most commonly met with in the
knee, the haunch, the foot, the elbow, and gene-
rally occurs in scrofulous children. It consists,
at times, in tumefaction, and softening of the
soft parts and ligaments, which surround the
joints : at others, in swelling and caries of the
articular extremities of bones: or both the.-e
states may exist at the same time. The treat-
ment consists in the employment of counter-irri-
tants: the use of iodine internally and externally,
<fec. Also, Svnovia.
HYDRAS'PIS EXPAN'SA, Great freshwater
Tortoise. On the sandy banks of rivers in Peru
this animal buries its eggs, fnom which the Indians
extract oil. Its flesh supplies well-flavoured food.
— Tsehudi.
HYDRASTIS, H. Canadensis.
Hydras'tis Canai)eji'sis, Hydraxtix, (perhaps
from 'v^uip, 'water,' and fipau), ' I am active,')
Wdruer(t Caundeii'xix, Hydrophyll'um veniiu,
CdUd'dian Hydraxtix, Yellow Root, Ordur/e Root,
Yellow Pnvcoon, Ground Rosp'berri/, Yelloio
Paint, Gulden Seal, In'dian Paint, Eyebahu.
Nat. Ord. Ranunculaceaj. It is used in Ken-
tucky as a 'mouth water.' and as an outward \\\t-
plication in wounds and local inflammations.
IIYDRA'TION. Jfydra'tio,{n>m 'uiwp, ' water.'
Impregnation or moistening with water: as Jly-
drati means impregnated or moistened with
water.
IIYDREL^'ON, Hydrola'um, from 'viup.
IIYDRELYTRON
472
IIYDROCEPITALUS
'wnter,' and eXatov, 'oil.' A mixture of water
:uul oil.
HYDRELYTRON, see Hydrocele.
HYDHEMA, (Edema.
IIYDKEXCEPJIALITIS, Hydrocephalus in-
tern us.
HYDRENCEPHALIUM, Hydrocephalus in-
ternus.
HYDRENCEPHALOCE'LE, Hydrocephalo-
<i'le, from 'ui^wp, 'water,' lyKitpaXui, 'the ence-
jihalon,' and KtiXt], ' rupture, j)rotrusion.' A uion-
.'-trosity in wliii;h there is a tissure of the cranium,
tiie integument of the head being present, and
forming a hernial sac in which tiie brain lies out-
side the skull — the sac containing a large quan-
tity of serous fluid. Also, Hydrocephalus chro-
DICUS.
HYDRENCEPHALON, see Hydrocephalus
chronicus.
HYDRENCEPH'ALOID, from 'vio,p, < water,'
cyK£if)a\oi. 'the brain,' and ck^os, 'resemblance.'
Resembling liydrencephalus. Ifi/drenceph'u/oi'd
tiineiiKe, Spn'ridim ht/droct'ph'a/iis, Pneudo-ence-
plinli'tis. Disorders of the bowels, and exhaus-
tion in children, are at times attended with hy-
drencephaloid symptoms.
HYDRENCEPHALUS, Hydrocephalus inter-
j us. _
HYDRENTEROCE'LE, from '«<5(j/), 'water,'
ivTCf-ov, 'intestine.' and Krj'Xr), 'a tumour.' Intes-
tinal hernia, the sac of which encloses fluid.
HYDREXTEROMPHALOCE'LE, Hydrcnte-
rinii'phdluH, from 'vhmp, 'water,' tvrtpov, 'intes-
tine,' oiJ(pa\os, 'umbilicus,' and KrjXri, 'rupture.'
I'inbilical hernia with intestine and water in the
' IIYDRENTEROMPHALUS, Hydrenterom-
]ihalocele.
HYDREPIGASTRIUM, see Ascites.
HYDREPIPLOCE'LE, from 'uJup, 'water,'
it:ik\uov, ' omentum,' and k?;X);, ' rupture.' Omen-
tal hernia, with water in the sac.
IlYBUE'PlPLOM'PllAhV&Jfi/drepiplowpJin-
hive'le, from 'u(5o)p, ' water,' cwnrXoov, ' omentum,'
and opipaKoi, ' umbilicus.' Umbilical hernia, with
omentum and water in the sac.
HYDRETRUM, Ascites.
HYDRIASIS, Hydrosudotherapeia.
HYDRIATER, see Hydropathic.
HYDRIATRIA, Hydrosudotherapeia.
HYDRIATRICA AKS, Hydrosudotherapeia.
HYDRIATRICUS. see Hydropathic.
HYDRIATRUS, see Hydropathic.
HYDRIODAS KALICUS, see PotassiB hy-
driodas.
HYDRIODIC ACID, see Acid, hydriodic.
HYDRO'A, Hidro'a, Aqu'ida, Boa, Planta
vnetU, from 'v?^wp, ' water.' An affection, which
consists in an accumuhition of water or serous
fluid under the epidermis. Seime have used hy-
dro a synonymously with Hudamina ; others with
jtemphigHS. In the first case, it has generallj',
however, been written hidro'a, from U^puii,
' sweat,' and in the latter hydro'a. See Hj'datid.
H Y D R 0 ^ ' M I A, HydrcB'wk,, Ilamyd'ria ;
from 'v(5ujp, 'water,' and '■aina, 'blood.' Anaemia.
The state of the blood in which the watery con-
stituents are in excess.
H YDROAEROPLEURIE, Hydrcpneumo-
thorax.
HYDROA'RION, Hydrooph'oron, Hydroo-
jjhnr'ia, Hyd/oti'n'tini, Hydroova'rium, Ny' drops
ora'rii, Asci'tes ovarii, A. sacca'tus, (F.) Hydro-
jjisie de I'ovaire, from 'now/),' water,' and wapiov,
' ovarium.' Dropsy of the ovarium.
HYDROATA, Sudamina.
UYDROBLEPH'ARON, ITy'drops Pal'pelrcB,
Blrpharoede'nin a (j no' mini, (Edc'ma pidpcbra'-
mm. An oedema or watery swelling of tlie eye-
lids; from 'I't^w/j, 'water,' and /JAti/xipor, 'eyelid'
IIYDROOACllEXIA, Lcucopblcgmatiii.
HYDROCARDIA, Ilydroperieardiuui, see Pe-
ricardiuui.
HYDROCATARRHOPHE'SIS, Bydrocalar.
rhoph'ia, from 'd^w/j, ' water,' and Karapfiuifiitv, 'to
sip up.' Absori)tion of water from wiiiiout.
HYDROCE'LE, Hydrops Scroti sen tcslicuh'-
rviii, Hydroschcocc'le, Llyilatuve'lc, J/ydnia'vheiim,
IJydror'chis, Jlijd roNcheiitiiv, (Alibert.j from 'vhiaa,
'water,' and KriXri, 'a tumour.' A term gcno-
rally applied to a collection of serous fluid in
the areolar texture of the scrotum or in some
of the coverings, eitiier of the testicle or sper-
matic cord. To the first of these varieties the
names — E.rtcrmd llydroielt;, II. odimato'dea,
(F.) //. par infiltration have been given ; and to
the second, those of Hydroce'le inler'na, //. ^i'.
nic(B vayiiia'lis tru'tis, llydrel' ytrou, (F.) II. par
eponcheiiieiit. Wlien tlie collection occurs in the
envelope of the testicle, it is called II. of the
tunica var/inalis; and the epithet congenital is
added, when the interior of the membrane, in
which it is situate, still communicates freely with
the cavity of the abdomen. When it exists in the
spermatic chord, it is called entysted, or diffused
Hydrocele of the spermatic cord, as the case may
be. The tumour of the distended scrotum is ob-
long : greater below than above ; indolent and
semi-transparent. When it becomes inconve-
niently large, the fluid may be evacuated by
puncturing with a trocar, but, as it collects
again, this operation can only be eonsiilered
palliative. The radical cure consists, usually, in
injecting, through the canula of the trocar, which
has been left in, after puncturing, some irritating
liquid, as wine. This is kept in the tunica vagi-
nalis for a few minutes, and then withdrawn.
The coat inflames ; adhesion takes place, and the
cavity is obliterated.
HyiiRocKi.K OP THE Neok. a tumour, filled
with a watery fluid, oceupjing some portion of
the neck.
Hyj)I!ocele Peritonei, Ascites — h. Spinalis,
Hydrorachis.
HYDROCENO'SIS, from 'u,Up, 'water,' and
Ktvooi?, ' evacuation.' The evacuation of water
morbidly accumulated in the body.
HYDROCEPHALE, Hydrocephalus.
IIYDROCJEPHALE AIGUii, Hydrocephalus
internus.
HYDROCEPHALITIS, Hydrocephalus inter-
nus.
HYDROCEPHALIUM, Hydrocephalus.
H Y D R 0 C E P HALOCELE, Hydrencephalo-
cele.
H YDR 0 CEPHA L OE CTA SIE, Hy droeepha-
lus chronicus.
HYDROCEPH'ALUS, Hydroccph'alnm, Hy-
drocra'nia, Bydrocra'niiim, Ilydrocephnl'inm,
Ilydroceph'ale, Hydrops Cap'itis seu Cer'ebri,
from \'iuip, 'water,' and Ki(}>a>.ri, 'the head.'
Water in the head. Dropsy <f the head. Dropsy
of the brain. A collection of water within the
head. It may be internal or external.
Hydrocephalus Acutus, H. internus — h.
Acutus senum, Apoplexy, serous — h. Adnatus,
see H. chronicus — h. Congenitus, see H. chronicus
— h. Externus, H. chronicus — h. Mcningcus, H.
internus.
HYDHOrEI>HALr.S CnRON'icrS, Hydrenrephn-
loce'le, Hydrops Ccp'itis seu ararhnoideo'. Hy-
drocephalus e.iternns, (F.) Hydrocephah; Ilydro-
cephaloectasie of some, may exist at birth. Hy-
drenceph'olon, HydrocephahiH conyen'itns SCU
udiia'tiis commonly commences at ail early period
HYDROCIIAMAIMELUM
473
HYDRO-ENTERO
of existence, nnd the accumulation of fluid gradu-
ally proiluces distension of tlie brain, and of the
i-kull, witli fcparntion of the sutures. It com-
iiionly proves Fatal before puberty.
IIvnitocKl'HALUS ExTKKNlls, (Ede'ttm cap'itis,
CiphidiriWiiKi of some, is a mere infiltration into
the subcutaneous cellular tissue of the cranium.
IIVDllOCEI'llALUS IiNTEll'.Vlis, Hydroceph'aUtH
(ten liiH sou iiienhtr/e'iin, Hydrops cer'ebri, Eiice-
phnUd'fjin hydrop' I'ca, Enccphali'tis exsndnto'rin,
Kiicppb<(li't!i seu MeniiKji'tin Infitn'tum seu hy-
(tructjthal'lcd, Morbun cercbra' lis Whi/t'tii, En'-
trri>-cfjili<(liip'yi'U Iiifan'tum, Ifi/drdphlor/D'sis
Yenti'iciilo' nun cer'ebri, Ence2>liiilt>ch' ynin, Phre-
uic'idd hijilrocephal'lcn, Ili/drenceph'itlus, Hy-
ilrencejihtdi'tln, Jlydreiicepliid'liun, Hydrocepha-
li'h'n, Ifydrdmeiiliif/i'tln, Fehrlv seu Apuphx'la
lii/ilriirfiihid'icn, C«riin hydrorepli'idim, Water
Jlruin Fever, Whytt'n Dixeuse, [V.) Hydrocephide
aii/iie, Fievre cerebrale des Eii/ans, is generallj'
(Seated, according to modern observers, in the
meninges and surface of the encephalon, and is a
tithcr'eidnr menhitjl' tin, Menlnrjl'tln tiiberciilo'sa,
Eiicepli'iloatniiiio'nix, Grcoi' idiir or Scrojihn'lona
vieiiiiiji'tis, (F.) Menlnijite tuberculeiine ou (jranu-
laime, P(Bil>neeph(dle. — Piorry. It is observed
]>iirticularly in childiiood. Its march is extremely
acute and often very rapid; admitting, generally,
however, of division into throe stages. The symp-
toms of the /?(•«< ntdije are those of general febrile
irritation, with head-ache, intolerance of light and
pound, delirium, &e. Those of the second, which
generally denote that the inflammation has ended
in effusion, are, great slowness of pulse, crying out
as if in distress, moaning, dilated pupil, squint-
ing, (fee; and lastly, in the third stage — pro-
found stupor, paralysis, convulsions, involuntary
evacuations, quick pulse, and frequently death.
The <lisease is of uncertain duration ; sometimes,
destroying in two or three d;iys; at others, ex-
tending to two or three weeks. The prognosis
is unfavourable. The treatment must be active
during the stage of excitement, — precisely that
which is necessary in phrenitis. In the second
stage, the indication is ; — to promote the absorp-
tion of the etfused fluid. Tliis must be done by
counter-irritants, and mercury, chiefly. On dis-
section, water is generally found in the ventricles,
or at the base of the brain ; or there are evidences
of previous vascular excitement, as effusions of
coagulable lym[)h, &c.
lIvDuocEi'HALUs Spuuius, Hydrenccphaloid,
(disease.)
IIYDllOCIIAMAIMELUM, Infusum antberai-
dis.
HYDROCIIEZIA, Diarrhoea serosa.
HVnnOCirr.ORArK IXOR. see Oold.
IIYDHOCIILORINAS NATRICUS, Soda,
muriate of.
IIYDROCIIOLECYSTIS, Turgcsccntia vesi-
culee felleae.
IIYDROCH'YSES, (G.)IIydrochysen.from
'ui!u]p, 'water,' and xvaii, 'effusion.' A family of
diseases, according to the classification of Fuchs,
in which there is a sudden effusion of serous fluid,
as in serous apoplexy, hydrocephalus, &c.
HYDROCIRSOCE'LE, Hyfjroelraoe.e'le, Hy-
grnre'le, from 'u(5ui/), 'water,' xtpaof, 'varix,' and
xn^i, ' tumour.' A tumour, formed by the vari-
cose distension of the veins of the spermatic cord,
and liy the accumulation of serous fluid in the
areolar texture of the scrotum.
IIYDROCCELIA, Ascites.
HYDROCOXIIIM, Bath, shower.
HYDROCOT'YLE AfilWICA, Codaffmn,Pe>,.
Cfliii'nus, Ail'il'ic Peu'nywort. Order, Umbelli-
ferae. A plant of India, Cape of Good Hope,
and Jamaica, where it is supposed to be possessed
of astringent and diuretic properties. The leaves
are applied to bruised parts to prevent inflamma-
tion. The llydrocotyle has recently been ex-
tolled, in India, as a remedy for lepra.
Hvdrocot'yle Centel'la. a South African
plant, the roots and stalks of which are aslria-
gent; and used in diarrhoea and dysentery.
HYniiOcoTYLK Umbellatiim, Acaricoba.
HYDROCRANIA, Hydrocephalus.
HYDROCRANIUM, Hydrocephalus.
HYDROCRITHE, Decoetum Hordci.
HYDROCYAN'IC ACID, Ac"tdnm JTydroey-
nn'lcnm ; from 'uiwp, 'water,' and Kvuvoi, 'blue.
Prnsnic Add, Ats"ldum Pru-i'nlciim Seu Piirnn'-
sicnm sen Zoot'lcum seu Zoolln'lciim, Cyuuoliy'-
dric or Cyunhy'dric Acid, (F.) Aclde Uydro-
cyfiniqne ou Pruanlqne. This acid exists in a
great variety of native combinations in the vege-
table kingdom, and imparts to them certain pro-
perties, which have been long known and es-
teemed; as in the bitter almond, cherry Inurelj
leaves of the peach tree, kerneh of fruit, pips of
apples, &c. AVhcn concentrated, it is liquid, co-
lourless, of a strong smell and taste, at first cool,
afterwards burning. Its s. g. at 7° Centigrade, ia
0.7058. It is very volatile, and enters into ebul-
lition at 80° Fahr. It speedily undergoes de-
composition, sometimes in less than an hour, and
consists of a peculiar gazeous and highly inflam-
mable comjKJund of carbon and azote, to which
the name (Jyan'oyen has been assigned ; and of
hydrogen, which acts as the acidifying principle:
hence its name Hydrocyanic acid. In the Phar-
macopwia of the United States, (ISol,) two for-
mula? for the preparation of the Ac"ldnm hydro-
cyan'ienm dlln'tnm — Ac" Idnm hydroeyan' Icnm,
I'h. U. S. of 1842 — are given; the one from the
Ferro-cyannret of Potassium ; the other from the
Cyannret of Silver. According to Magendie, the
acid, prepared after Scheele's method — the one
in common use — is of irregular medicinal power:
he, therefore, recommends Gay Lussac's acid,
diluted with 6 times its volume, or 8.5 times its
weight of distilled water, for medicinal purposes,
and this he calls Medlc"ln(d Prmslc Acid. Dr.
Ure has proposed, that the specific gravity should
indicate that which is proper for medicinal exhi-
bition ; and, after comparative experiments of the
gravity of the acids, obtained by different pro-
cesses, he states, that the acid, usually prescribed,
is of s. g. fl.996 or 0.997. Great caution is, how-
ever, necessary. One drop of pare prussic acid
may instantly destroy, and the animal show
hardly any traces of irritability, a few moments
after death. It has been advised in laryngeal
phthisis, in pulmonary phthisis, pulmonary in-
flammation and irritation, dyspepsia, uterine affec-
tions, hectic cough, cancer, chronic rheumatism,
and mania, and as a local remedy in impetiginous
affections; but, although possessed of powerful
sedative properties, it is so unmanageable and
the preparation so uncertain, that it is not much
nsed. The Dose of Scheele's Add, or of the ^fe-
dldnal Prussic Add, is from a quarter of a drop
to two drops.
HYDROCYS'TIS, from 'v^wp, 'water,' and
Kvcriq, 'a bladder.' A cyst containing a watery
or serous fluid. An hydatid. Also, saccated
ascites.
HYDRODERMA, Anasarca.
HYDRODES, Aqueous.
HYDRODIARRHrEA, Diarrhoea, serous.
HYDR(EDEMA. (Edema.
HYDRO-EXCEPHALORRHEE, Apoplexy,
serous. _
HYDRO - ENTERO - EPIPLOCE'LE, Hydro-
eplplo-euteroce'Ie ; from 'niuip, 'water,' tvTtf>ov,
'intestine,' and ctitAoov 'omentum.' Eulero-
HYDRO-ENTERO-EPIPLOMrilALUM 4 7 4
HYDROPATHIC
epiplocele, the sac of which contains a serous
fluid.
H Y D H 0 - E N T E RO-EPIPLOM'PIIALUM,
from 'u(5wp, 'wiiter,' evrepoti, 'an intestine,' t-j-
ffA'/ov, ' the caul,' and ofiipaXoi, 'the navel.' Uiu-
bilical hernia, the sac of which contains iatesliue,
epiploon, and serutn.
H Y D R 0 - ENTEROM'PIIALUM, Hijdreute-
roiii'j/haluia : from 'v^uip, 'water,' f.vtc/iov, 'an in-
tesline,' and ofi(pj\oi, 'the umbilicus.' Hernia
unibiliciilis, the sac of which contains intestine
and serum. _
IIYDKO-EPIPLOCE'LE, from 'r<!u)p, 'wnter,'
iKiirXouv, 'omentum,' and ki/Xij, 'a tumour.' Her-
nia, formed by omentum, tlie sac of which con-
tains serum.
HYDRO-EPIPLO ENTEROCELE, Hydro-
entcro-opiiilocele.
HYDRO -EPIPLOMPH'ALUM, from 'vSwp,
'water,' €~tTz\uov, 'the omentum,' and oiifn\us< \\
'the umbilicus.' Umbilical hernia, the sac of'j
which CMintains epiploon iind serum.
IIYDROG'ALA, from 'uowp, 'water,' and yaXa,
'milk.' A mixture of water and milk.
HYDROGASTER, Ascites.
H Y ' D R 0 G E N, Hi/dro'je„'!,im, Lifdm'umhlc
air. Pli/ofiiv'tnii, Priiicip'iniii liydroi/eiiut' iciiiii sen
hi/drot'iciun, Mcphi'tU hiji'niimiili' ilix, (F.) H>j-
di-oyiiie, Air iiijl((iiimnhle, Gaz dea halloiin, from
'vi(i]p, ' water,' and yivvau), '•! produce.' This
gas, when bronthed, proves I'atiil from containinjr
no oxyijen. Wlien diluted with two-thinis of at-
mospheric air, it occasions some diminution of
muscular power and sensibility, and a reduction
of the force of the circulation. It has been re-
spired in catarrh, hicmoptysis, and phthisis.
IIyduooen, CARniiRKT'iHn, Iiijhnii' niahle air,
Fire ddiiip, of miners, (F.) Hi/draf/hie carhime
ou }iroto-cnrbo»S, Grimm. — obtained by pass-
ing the vapour of water over charcoal, at the
temperature of ignition, in an iron tube — has
been found possessed of similar properties, when
diluted, and has been used in like cases.
HyduogI'IN, PnoToxinH OF, Water.
HyDROGKN, SlII,PHlIRKTTKI>, Hi/drof>iiIpJi'uri<;
Siilphhi/'dric, Sidpliahi/di-ic or Hi/ilratliiiiii' ic acid.
Hydrotlii'on, Guz hepnt' ictiiit seu hyilrogi^ii'iuin
sulphnra'tiim, Mephi'lis hi-pnt'ica. (F.) Hi/dr(i(/hie
snl.fiiri, Acide hydrosidfiirique, Air piiant ou Iie-
jJtitiqiie, may he disengaged from any of the sul-
phurets by the addition of a strong acid. It is a
violent poison, but has been recommended to be j
inhaled, diluted, to allay the increased irritability
■which occasionally exists after diseases of the
lungs. See Hydro-sulphuretted Water.
HYDROGEXATIOX, see Hydro,/hie>ies.
HYDltOdEXE, Hydrogen — ;»! C«rhon(t ou
pr(,l(i<;<trli(iiif. Hydrogen, carburetted — h. Sul/iire,
Hydrogen, sulphuretted.
HYDROGENESE,^. Baumes gives this name
to diseases which he fancifully considers to de-
pend upon disturbed hydrogpiuition. In it he in-
cludes intermittent and remittent fevers.
HYDROGENO-SULPHURETUM AMMO-
NIAC^. LIQUIDUM. AmmoniiB sulphuretum.
HYDROGLOSSA, Ranula.
HYDROGRAPHY, see Hydrology.
HYnROHEMlE. Anssmia, HydroEemia.
HYDROHYMENI'TIS, Orrholnjmein'tis, from
*D(5(i>p, 'water,' 'vpriv, 'a membrane,' and ids, de-
noting inflammation. Inflammation of a serous
membrane.
HYDROHY'STERA, Hydrometra.
HYDROL/EUM. Hvdrel»on.
HYDROLAPATHUM.Riimcxhydrolapathum.
HYDROLATA. Aquie destillata".
HYDROLATS, Aquae destillata;, Water, dis-
tilled.
IIYDROLE, Decoction, Fomentation, Lotion,
Mucihige, Potion, Tisane. See Hydroliea.
JIYDROL'ICA, (F.) Ilydroliqucn, from 'uiup,
'water.' Watery solutions of the active princi-
ples of medicinal agetits. Those prepared by so-
lution or admixture are termeii, liy some of tlio
modern French phnrmiiciens, J/ydroleu ; those by
distillation, /fijdro/nts.
If Y/tnOL/Qf'ES. Hydroliea.
II YDROLITPJ, Decoction, Mucilage, Potion.
HY'DROL'OCjY', Hy<lroliifj"i«, from 'ti^wp, ' wa-
ter,' and Aoyrif, ' a discourse.' A treatise on water.
By the term Medical Hydrol'oyy is meant that
part of physics, whose (diject is the study of wa-
ter, considered as it respects medicine; and, con-
sequently, embracing that of mineral waters.
Jfcdical Ilydrdij'raphy comprises the study of the
influence exerted by the sea or by navigation on
the health of man.
UYDUOLOTIF, Fomentation, Lotion.
HYDROMA'KIA, from -vhiup, 'water,' and
fiuvia, ' n)ania.' A name given by Strainbi to
pellagra, in which the patient has a strong pro-
pensitv to drown himself.
HYDRO-MEDIASTl'NUM, Hydrops medins.
ti'iii. Efl'usioii of serous fluid into the mediastinum.
HY'DROMEL, Hydrom'cli, from 't^wp, • water,'
and ficXi, ' honcj'.' Aqua midsn, Melili'tis, iVid-
siim, Melic'raliiiii, Meltic'ratiini, Rrayyrirt, Medo.
A liquid medicine, prepared with an ounce and a
half of hiitiey and a pint of lepid uater. It \a
used as a demulcent and laxative, and is gene-
rally known under the names Simple hy'dnmiel.
Vinous liy'droniel, Ulead, Ilydroni'eli viiui'siim,
Gi^iioiiiel, is a drink wade by fermenting honey
and water, and is much used in some countries.
As a common drink, mead is often made of lioncy
and some alcoholic liquor well beaten together.
See Mahogany.
HYDROMELLE. A preparation formed like
the syrups, using hy<lromel in place of sn^jar. —
Beral.
HYDROMENINGITIS, Aquo-membraniiis,
Hvdroceplialus in tern us.
'HYDROMEI'ER, Areometer.
H Y D ROME'TRA, llydronie'lria, llydn.lnjH'.
tera, Jlydroyiieti-ectn'sia, Hysteri'tCK, Jlyxleradr'-
ma. Hydrops n'teri, from 'viuip, 'water,' and
jtriTpa, "the womb.' Dropsy of the wonih. A dis-
ease characterized by circumscribed protulierance
in the hypogastriuni,— with obscure fluctnalion,
progressively enlarging, without is(diury or pre;;-
nani-v. If it ever occur, it must be a rare disease.
HYDROMETRECTASIA. Hydrometra.
HYDROM'PHALUM. Hydrops ,unl,illeo'lis,
E-voni'jtlialus aqiio'siis, ITi-i'iiia iiiidiili'ei (tqiio'KH,
from •ui^u)/i. 'water,' and ofxjmhii. 'the navel.' A
tumour, formed by the accumulation of scrnni in
the sac of umbilical hernia : or simply by disten-
sion of the navel in cases of ascites.
HYDROMYRIN'GA, llydromyrinjc. Hydrops
tym'piini, from 'v^ujp, 'water,' and niyiiioja or
myrinjr, 'the mcmbraiia tympani.' Drop.'-y of tl c
drum of the ear ; giving rise to difilculty of
hearing, — Dyseew'a hydrop'iea,
HYDROMYRINX,' Hydroinyringa.
HYDROXOUS. Anasarca, ffidema.
HYDRONEPHRO'SIS, (F.l Hydmuephro'--.
Hydroriuale distension, from 'tiup. ' water.' and
vtippoi;, 'kidney.' An accumulation in the kidney,
owing to the obstruction of the tubes of the pa-
pilhr. — Raver.
IIYDP.ONOSUS, Hydrops.
HYDRONUSUS. Hydrops.
HYDROOARION. Ilydroarion.
HYDROOPHOROX.'jIvdroarion.
HYDROOYARIUM, llVdroarion.
HYDROPATH'IC. Hydropalh'icns, Hydrioi'-^
ricus, froiu 'viwf), ' water,' and n-afioj, ' disease.
HYDROPATHY
4 7.>
IIYDROPNEUMOSxVECA
l^cliitin?; ti) hyilroyiiitliy or the watcr-onrc — as a '
hy'lr')p:ilhic plivsician, Hijdri'd'ter, Ilyih-i'd'truH. \
HYDROl'ATHY, Ilj'.lrosu.iotberapeia.
IIYDKOPKDE'SI.S. from 'i/r^wp, 'water,' and
imfiiiut, 'I break out.' Epkidro'iiis. Excessive
sweating.
llYDKOPEr.R, Water, spring.
llYI)UOPEr.TIS PURPUREA, Brasenia hy-
dropeliis.
IlYl)P.OPRRTCARDr.\. Ilvdroperieardium.
HYDRO I'KRir AH DITIS. Jlvdropcricanlium.
HYUROPKR[CAR'DIUM, /'/i/dropen-car'dld.
I[i/ilri)j)eri'cnrdi'lii<, frinn 'wi^up, ' water,' and jx'ri-
cnrdiniii ; HijdriipH Pf:ricai'dii, Ilijdrocdr'did.
DrojtKif of the perlciti-'dhim, (F.) Hi/drop!nie dn
Pericnrde. Tliis is not a common disease. Pal-
pitations ; irregular or intermitting pulse: exces-
sive dyspnoea, amounting often to orthopnoea,
and dulness over a large space on percussion, will
cause the pericardium to be suspected. The treat-
ment is that of dropsies in general. It is, usu-
ally, however, of the active kind.
IIYDIlOPKniONM, from '..(Wp, 'water,' Ttpi,
'around,' and wof, ' an egg, or ovum.' The sero-
alliuininous substance, secreted by the lining of
the uterus prior to the arrival of the impregnated
ovum in tliat cavitv. — Rresebet.
IIYDROPERITOXEUM, Ascites.
// YDItOI'KIUTOXrE, Ascites.
IIYDROPHAri'LUS. from 'v.5,up, 'water,' and
^(iXAoj, ' the male organ.' ffidema of the male
organ.
}IYDR0PiriMO.'?IS, Phimosis wdematodes.
IlYnROPIILK(!MASlA TEXTUS CELLU-
LAR IS. Phloijinasiii alba.
ilYDROPlILOtJO.-^LS VENTRTCULORUM
CKRRBRI, Ilvdrocephalus intornus.
IIYDROPIIOP.TA, Pnraphoh'ia. Parnphoh' !a,
Pli'iliiidip'HrDi, r!ie}i'</i/dron. J-'hriifptpJmh'in, Ci/-
ncli/x'sn, Ci/iioli/n'iiiiin, MothiiH Iii/di-ophoh iciiK sou
hil<tiiiph'iihiix, Li/cHii'cJic, Li/c<ni'clii>>, Ai'roplioh' in,
Phrenl'tia InlrauH, Li/lto, Lyxna. L. rnui'itn, Piin-
tophoh'ln, Jidhirs cniii'nn, Ei-etliix'nuiH liydvopho-
hiii, CtoiioH hi/di<ipJir>b!ii, Ffi/(/r')phi>hi<i, Aqiifp.
nicliis, Cniihie iiitidiiein, Watpr friijlit, (F. ) liufje ;
froiu 'iifniip, ' water,' and <lioj3oi, ' dread.'
The term liahiea is more appropriate for the
aggregate of symptoms resulting from the bite
of raliid animals. IIy(lrophol)ia literally signifies
a ' dre:id of water;' and, consequently, ought to
be applied to one of the symjitoms of rabies, rather
than to the disease itself. It is a symptom which
appears occasionally in other nervous affections.
Rabies is susceptible of spontaneous development
in the dosr. wolf, cat, ami fox, which can thence
transmit it to other quadrupeds or to man ; but
it has not been proved that it can supervene, —
without' their having been previously bitten, — in
animals of other species; or that the latter can,
when bitten, communicate it to others. Many
facts induce the belief, that the siiliva and bron-
chial mucus are the sole vehicles of the rabid
virus ; the effects of which upon the economy
sometimes appear almost immediately after the
bite, and are, at others, appiirently dormant for a
considerable period. The chief symptoms are —
a sense of dryness and constriction of the throat;
excessive thirst; difiioilt deglutition; aversion
for. and horror at, the sight of liquids as well as
of brilliant objects; red, animated countenance;
great nervous irritability; frothy saliva ; grinding
of the teeth, (tc. Death most commonly happens
before the fifth day. Hydrophobia has hitherto
resisted all thera]>eutical means. Those which
albiy irritation are obviously most called for. In
the way of prevention, the bitten part should
nlw.iysbe excised, where practicable; and cau-
terized.
In some cases, symptoms like those wlii'-h fol-
low the bite of a raliid animal are said to have
come on spontaneously. This affection has been
termed iirrr<iitn or Kfxmtanenits hydrojiliobia.
IIYDROPHORUS, Lyssodectus.
HYDROPHTHAL'MIA, from 'vSu,p, 'water,'
and o(ji^(tXixog. 'the eye.' Hi/drnpliihal' luim,
Driipm/ <;/■ the eye, Hydropn Oc'iili, ISiiptlnd' iiiiin,
ZoViplilhnV niiiH, Oc'ii/nn Bovi'niin seu liu'biihin
seu Elephiin'tliiiiK, 0})litli<ibn<ipt(i'ii)>i, Parop'm's
Staph ij/ij'mn simplex, (F.) Hijdrophlhalmie, Hy-
driijilnie de I'cnil. Tiiis affection is caused, at
times, by an increase in the quantity of the aque-
ous, at others, of the vitreous, humour. In the
former case, the iris i.s concave anteriorly, and
pushed backwards: — in the latter, it is cimvex,
and pushed forwards. Most commonly, tiie dis-
ease seems to depend on both humours a> the
same time. Ilydrophthalmia sometimes affects
both eyes ; at others, only one. Children are
more exposed to it than adults or old persons.
The frentiiieiit must vary according to the cause ;
its longer or shorter duration : greater or less
extent, &c. Hence, according to circumstances,
hydragoguc medicines, purgatives, general and
local blood-letting, blisters, setons, moxa, cup-
ping-glasses, fomentations, colly ria, and fumiga-
tions of different kinils, have been employed.
AVhen all mciins fail, and the disease continues
to make progress, the tluid may be .evacuated, by
a puncture made with a cataract needle at the
lower part of the transparent cornea.
Hydkophthalmia, Conical, Staphyloma of
the cornea.
nYDROPHTHAL'MION'. Same etymon. An
oedematous swelling of the conjunctiva in hydro-
pic persons.
HYDROPHTHALMUS, Hydrophthalmia— h.
Crucntns, H;rmoi)htha!mia.
HYDROPHYLLUM VERUM, Hydrastis Ca-
nadensis.
HYDROPHYSOCE'LE, Byd<-<,pu,v,„ni„ce'n,
from 'u(5(i)/), ' water,' (j>vaa, ' wind,' and KrjXt), ' a
tumour.' Hernia, which contains a serous fluid
and gas.
IIYDROPHYSOME'TRA, from 'vf^i^p, ' water.'
(pvaaw, 'I inflate,' and iirirpn, 'the womb.' A
morbid condition of the womb, in which brth
fluid and air are contained in it.
IIYDROP'IO, Hydrop'iem, Hy'pJiydmx, Hy-
dcr'iriin, Hyden/dcn, Bi-ap'tiriil, (Sc.) Edroppit,
(F.) Hydropiqne. One labouring under dropsy.
Dinp'sied. Relating to dropsy. Also, an anti-
hydropic, and a hydragogue.
"HYDROPIPER, Polvsronum hydropiper.
HYDROPISrA. Hydrops.
HYDROPISIE, Hydrops — *, dn Bns-rentre,
Ascites — h. Cm-dinqtie, Dropsy, cardiac — h. Ceie-
hrnle enroi(jtie. Apoplexy, serous — h. Tlfpnlique,
Dropsy, hepatic — h. de VCEil. Hydrophthalmia —
h. de I'Ovriire, Hydroarion — li. dn Pericnrde, Hy-
dropericardium — h. dn Perifoine, Ascites — h. dm
Plevres, Hydrothorax — h. de Poitriiie, Hydro-
thorax — h. Rett'iJe, Dropsy, renal — li. de la Vesi-
ciilr dn Fifl. Turgeseentia vesica^ fellea>.
HYDROPTSrS. Hydrops— h. Yera, Anasarca.
HYDROPT?:\IUS.' Hydrops.
HYDROPLEriilE. Hvdrothorax.
HYDROPXEUMATOCELE. Hydropbysncele.
HYDROPXEFMOX. Hvdropneumonia.
■ H Y D R 0 P N E U M 0 ' X I A, Hydropnm'wo,!,
(Eile'inn pulmii'intm chrnu'icniii, llyihupa pnhiio'-
(iiini seu puhiio'iiitm cellnlo'nux, Annnnr'in pulnm'-
nnu), from 'v^iop, ' water,' and irvti'itutv. 'the luns.'
Dropsical inriltration of the lungs. See (Edema
of the lungs.
IIYDROPNETTMOSAR'CA, from 'vfu,i>, 'wa-
ter,' iri'tu/jK, 'wind, air,' and <rap|, 'flesh.' An ab-
IIYDROPNEUMOTIIORAX
476
HYDROSARCOCELE
scess, containing water, air, and matters similar
tu flesh. — M. A. Severinus.
HYDROPNEUMOTllO'RAX, //yr/cooe>o/)?fH-
rie, from 'viu>p, 'water,' sv£i'//ur, 'the lung,' and
Ouipaf, 'the chest.' Pneumothorax with etl'usion
ot blood into the chest. See Pneumothorax.
lIYDROPOi'DES, from 'v&wfi, 'water,' and
TToiEu, ' I make.' An epithet for watery excre-
tions, such as sometimes take place in hydropics.
IIYDROP'OTA, Hydrop'otes, Pota'tor Aqiice,
from 'viutp, 'water,' and norni, *a drinker.' A
v'liter drinker. One who drinks only water, or
drinks it in an extraordinary quantity.
HYDROPS, from 'ui^up, 'water,' Phlerjma'tia,
IIii'deruH, Ajfec'tiis Jiyderu'des, Hjjdrojj'isis, Hy-
dropin'i'a, Jli/dropis'mus, Hydrojj'sia, Ilydror-
rlue'a, Hydror'rhoe, Uydror'rhous, PolyJiy'dria,
Jfydrou'osus, Hydronu'sns, Dropsy, Uy'dropay,
(Old Eng.) Dropylc, (F.) Hydroplsie. A preter-
nutural collection of a serous fluid in any cavity
of the body, or in the areolar texture. M'hen the
areolar texture of the whole body is more or less
filled with fluid, the disease is called Anasar'ca
or Lencojyiilegmu'tin ; — and when this variety is
local or partial, it is called CEdc'ma. The chief
dropsies, designated from their seat, are • — Ann-
S'lrca, Hydrocephalus, Hydrorachitis, Hydrotho-
mx, Hydropericardium, Ascites, Hydrometra,
Hydrocele, &c,.
Eticyst'ed Dropsy, Hydrops sacca'tvs, incarce-
ra'tiis seu cys'ticits, is that variety in which the
fluid is enclosed in a sac or cyst; so that it has
rio communication with the surrounding parts.
Dropsy of the Ovarium, Hydro2>s seu Asci'tes
Ova'rii, Asci'tes sacca'tus, is an instance of this
variety.
Dropsy may be active or passive. The former
consists in an increased action of the exhalants,
so that those vessels pour out much more fluid
than is absorbed : the latter arises from a state
of atony of the absorbent vessels, which allows
of an accumulation of fluid. It niaj' also be vie-
chniiical, or produced by obstructions to the cir-
culation, as in cases of diseased liver. Active
dropsy, occurring accidentally in a sound indi-
ridual, generally ends favourably. That which
supervenes on other diseases, or is symptomatic
of some internal affection, is rarely curalile.
The treatment consists in the use of all those
remedies which act on the various secretions : so
that, the demand being increased, the supply will
have to be increased accordingly; and in this
manner some of the collected fluid may bo taken
up by the absorbents. To this end bleeding, if
the dropsy be very active ; purgatives, diuretics,
sudorifics, sialogogues, &c., are the remedies
chiefly depended upon.
IIvDROPS Abdominis, Ascites — h. Abdominis
aereus, Tympanites — h. Abdominis saccatus, see
A.scites — h. Anasarca, Anasarca — h. Anasarca
acutus, see Anasarca — h. ArachnoidciB, Hydro-
cephalus chronicus — h. Articuloruni, Hydrar-
tlu-us — h. Ascites, Ascites — h. Capitis, Hydro-
cephalus. Hydrocephalus chronicus — h. Car-
diacus. Dropsy, cardiac — h. Cavitatis colum-
ne vertebralis, Hydrorachis — h. Cellularis ar-
tuum, CEdema— b. Cellularis totius corporis, Ana-
sarca— h. Cellulosus, Anasarca — h. Cerebri,
Hydrocephalus, Hydrocephalus internus— h. Cu-
taneus. Anasarca — h. Cvsticus, see Ascites, and
Hydrops— h. Glottidis, (Edema of the Glottis— h.
Hepaticus, Dropsy, hepatic— h. Incarceratus, see
Hydrops — h. Intercus, Anasarca— h. Leucophleg-
matia, Leucophlegmatia — h. ad Matulam, Dia-
betes— h. Mediastini, Hydromediastinum — h.
Medullas spinalis. Hydrorachis— h. MatellEC, Dia-
betes—h. Oculi, Hydrophthalmia — h. Ovarii, Hy-
drnarion, see Hydrops — h. Palpebrsv, Hydroble-
pharon— h. Pectoris, Uydrothorax— h. Pericardii,
Hydropericardium — h. Plcursv, Hydrolhf>rax — h.
Pulmonis, Hydrothorax — h. Puluionuni, llydrn-
pneumonia, G'alema of the Lungs — h. PiiliiKiiinm
cellulosus, Hydropnoumonia — h. Kenalis, iJropsy,
renal — h. Saccatus, see Hydrops — h. Sacci Imrl -
malis. Fistula, lacryinalis — li. Scroti, Hydriiculc—
h. Siccus et tiatulentus, Tympanites — h. Spinie,
Hydrorachis — h. Spina' vertebralis, Hydrorachis
— h. Subcutaneous, Anasarca — h. Tchc cellulosa;,
Anasarca — h. Testiculurum, Hydrocele — li. 'J'lio.
racis, Hydrothorax — h. Tuharum Falhipii, Hy-
drosalpinx— li. Tympani, Hydroiiiyri)i;;a — li.
Tympanites, Tyraitanites — h. Unibilicalis, Jly.
dromphalum — h. Uteri. Hydrometra — li. Vesituj
fellert!, Turgescentia vosicuke fuUea;.
HYDRO PS r A, Hydrops.
HYDROPSY. Hydrops.
HYDROPYR'ETOS, from 'viu,^, 'water,' and
iTvptToi, 'fever;' Fehris sudoto' ri(t. Fevi r with
sweating. Hidropyretos wnxxXdhti more proper;
from 'i^pa){, 'sweat.' See Sudor Anglicus.
HYDRORA'CHIS, from 't&^p, -water,' and
pa^ii, 'the spine.' Hydrorrho'chis, Jlyilroru-
chi'tis, Hi/drorrha'chin, Myeloch'ysis, Hydrops
Cavita'tis Columna: Vertehra'lis seu Sjiiiim rcrle-
bra'lis seu medul'loB spiuo'lis seu spiucB, Ilyiliv-
ce'le 8})iua'lis, Hydroruchi'tls spiiio'sa. An eS'u-
sion of serum, often owing to inflammation of the
spinal membranes — myeU'tis e.rsudoli'ra — aiid
forming a soft, frequently transparent, tumour,
constituted of the membranes of the sjiinal niiir-
row, which are distended and projecting back-
wards from the verteliral canal, the posterior
paries of which, when the affection is congenital,
is wanting to a certain extent — Spiim bifida,
Ateloraehid'ia, Hydrora'chis dehia'ceus seu '.■«»-
(jeti'itn, Schistnrrha'cliie, Spi'nohi. The disease
is often accompanied with paralysis pf the lower
extremities. It is congenital, and situate in the
lumbar or sacral regions. It is almost always
fatal: — the tumour rui)turing, and death occur-
ring instantaneously. On dissection, a simple
separation or complete absence of the P()inous
processes of the vertebrae is perceived, with, at
times, destruction or absence of spinal marrow.
The treatment is the same as in hydrocepjholus
chronicus ; and, as in it, advantage seems oe< a-
sionally to have been derived by puncturing with
a fine needle.
HYnuonAcms Dehiscens, see Hydrorachis.
HYDRORACHITIS, Hydrorachis.
HYDROKCHIS, Hydrocele.
HYDRORENALE DISTENSION, Ilydro-
ne])hrosis.
HYDRORRHACHIA, Hydrorachis.
HYDRORRHACHIS, H'ydrorachis — h. Con-
genita, see Hydrorachis — h. Dehiscens, see Hy-
drorachis.
HYDRORRHAGIE, Apoplexy, serous.
HYDRORRHOE, Hydrops.
HYDRORRHCEA, Hydrops. Also, a copious
watorv discharge. — as from the vagina.
HYDRORiniOUS, Hydrops.
HYDRORTHOPNffi'A, from 'v!>wp, 'water,'
and opOoTTioia, 'difBculty of breathing, except in
the erect posture.' Orthopnoca, owing to a col-
lection of water in the chest.
HYDROSAC'CHARUiM, Aqua sncehnra'ta,
(¥.) E<ui sucree. Sugared water.
HYDROSAL'PINX, Hydrops tuha'rum F<fllo'.
pii ; from 'v^wp, 'water,' and aa\-iy^, 'a tulic.'
Dropsy of the Fallopian tube.
HYDROSAR'CA, from 'v<5w/3, 'water,' and ff«pf,
'flesh.' A tumour containing a fluid, as well as
portions of flesh. Also, Anasarca.
HYDROSARCOCE'LE, from 'vfi„p, 'water,'
trap^, 'flesh,' and <o?A»7, 'a tumour.' Sorcohydro-
ce'le. A tumour, formed by a sareocele, compli-
cated with dropsj of the tunica vaginalis.
IIYUROSCIIEOCELE
477
nYGRO ME T III C ITS
TTYDROSCHEOCE'LE, Oiihruce'le aquo'sa,
from 'v^uip, 'water,' oaxiov, 'the scrotum,' iind
KTiKn, 'rupture.' A collection of water in the
ijcrotum. IlyiJrocele.
// YltROSClIKONIE, Hydrocele,
JIYDRO.SCIIEUM. Hydrocele.
IIYOROSIS, Ilidrnsis.
HYDROSTATIC TEST OF INFANTICIDE,
see l)o'-iiiiiisi;i — h. BimI. Water bed.
HYDllOSUDOPATIIY, Hvdrosudotherapeia.
HYDROSUDOTHERAPEI'A, Hijdrop'athi/,
Jfi/dropiithi'a, Ifi/tlroiiitl(ijj'<ithy, Ili/dri'aiiis, Am
h ijili-idt' rica, JJi//li!(itrt'n, Hifdritotliernpei'a,
Jhjdrothrriipei'o, Wnter cure, (G.) W as s er k u r,
frnm 'vfiiip, 'water,' swlo, 'I sweat,' and Ocpaztvij),
' I remedy.' A badly compounded word, formed
to express the mode of treatin;; diseases syste-
matically by cold water, sweating, &c.
IIYDROSULPHURET'TED WATER, Aqua
hydroiiiili>liura'ta aiiiijjlejc, A. Iiep'tt' !ct(, (F.) Emi
hi/drusiilphtiree simple. (Sii/phnret of iron 1000
parts, sulphuric urid 2000 parts, distilled water
4000 parts ; add the water to the acid, and put
the sulphuret of iron into a retort, to which a
Wolffs apparatus of five or si.K vessels is adapted ;
the last containing about an ounce of potassa,
dissolved in a quart of water. Pour tlie diluted
acid gradually on the sulphuret, and, ultimately,
throw away the water in the last vessel. P/i. P.)
It is stimulant, diaphoretic, and doobstruent [?],
and is used in rheumatism, diseases of the skin,
Ac.
It has been, also, called Ac"!dum Hydrothion' -
iciim liif iiidiim.
HYDROSULPHTIRETUM AMMONIACALE
AQUOSUiM, AmmoniiB sulphurctum — h. Ammo-
niacum, Ammoniaj sulphuretnm.
HYDROTIIERAPEIA, Hydrosndotherapeia.
HYDROTirrON, Hydrogen, sulphuretted.
HYDROTHO'RAX,' from 'v^mo, 'water,' and
Ooipa^, 'the chest.' IL/drops Thora'cis seu pnc.'-
tnris seu pidino'itis seu pleura, Slelhoch'i/sis,
J'leiirorrlice'n hjniphnt' icn seu sero'sri, Di/spiifi''a
et OithopiKp'a lnjdrothornc"icn, (P.) Hi/ilrojiisie
dc Poltriiie on dcs I'levres, Dropii/ of the Chest.
Idiopathic hydrothorax, termed, by Laennec, Hy-
dropisie dea plerres, Dropsy of the PleurcB, — by
Piorry, Ilydroplevrie, — is a rare disease, and
difficult of diagnosis. It generally exists onlj'
on one side, which, if the fluid elfused be con-
siderable, projects more than the other. Dysp-
ncea, and fluctuation perceptible to the ear, are
characteristic symptoms. When the chest is
examined with the stethoscope, respiration is
found to be wanting every where, except at the
root of the lung. The sound is also dull on per-
cussion.
Effusion into the chest, as a result of inflam-
mation of some thoracic viscns, is as common as
the other is rave. It is usually a fatal symptom.
It has been called symptomntic hydrothorax.
In hydrothora.\, the course of treatment proper
in dropsies in general must be adopted. Diure-
tics seem, here, to he especially useful ; probably
on account of the great activity of pulmonary ab-
sorptiiin. Paracentesis can rarely be serviceable.
IIvDitoTiioitAX CiiYLOSi;s, Chylothorax — h.
Piindentus, Empyema.
HYDKOTICA," Hydragogues.
IIYDHO'TIS, from 'viu>p, 'water,' and on?, gen.
wTOf, 'the ear.' Dropsy of the ear. Properl}',
nn accumulation of mucous or muco-purulent
liiattcr in the middle ear.
HYDUnRESTS. Diabetes.
HYDRUKIA. Diabetes, see Urine.
HYEllKS. This small town, agreeably situ-
ate on the (h'clivity of a hill, about two miles from
the ileJitcrrancan, and twelve from Toulon, is
the least exceptionable residence in Provence for
the pulmonary invalid. It is in some iiiea>ur3
protected from the northerly winds; but not sufii-
ciently so from the mistral to render it a very
desirable residence for the phthisical. — Sir James
Clark.
HY'OEA, Hygiene, Sanitas.
IIY(tKtA, Sanitas.
HYCiEISAIUS, Hygiene.
IIYGEOLOGY, Hygiene.
HYGIANSIS, Sanitas.
HYGIASTS, Sanitas.
HY(iIASMA, Medicament.
HYGIAS'TICA DOCTRI'NA. The doctrine
of health. The doctrine of the restoration of
health.
HYGIASTICUS, Salutary.
HYGIEA, Sanitas.
HY(iIErA. Hygiene, Sanitas.
HYOIKTNUS", Salutary.
HYGIEIOLOGIA, Hygiene.
HYGIENE (F.),. (generally Anglicised, Hy-
(p'etie, and pronounced hycjeeDe), from 'vyiua,
'health.' Hyijeis'nms. Uyijiei'ne, Hytjie'sis, Uy-
giei'u ; Ilyijie'a, Hyyei'u, Hytjiene, Hyipen' ivs, Me-
dicinn roiiservati' va sou diasos'tica, Hyyetdog" in,
HyijieioUirj" id .Hygeol' (xjy,!! yiyioV oijy ; Irum 'I'yi?)?,
'healthy.' The part of medicine whose object is
the preservation of health. It embraces a know-
ledge of healthy man, both in society and indi-
vidually, as well as of the objects used and cm-
ployed by him, with their influence on his consti-
tution and organs. Sue Regimen.
HY^GIENTC, (F.) Ilygieniqne. Same etymon.
Relating to Hygiene — as 'hyjienic precautions,
hygienic rules,' &c. &c.
HYGIENICS, Hygiene.
HYGIENIQUE, Hygienic.
IIYGIKN'IST. One who understands the
principles of hygiene.
HYGIERUS,'Salutary.
HYGIESIS, Hygiene.
HYGIOLOGY, Hygiene.
HY^GRA, froiu 'c^wp, 'water,' or 'vypos, 'hu-
mid.' Lic(uid plasters ; — Fiygrenqylas'tra.
HYGRASIA, Humour.
HYGRECHE'MA, from 'vypof, 'humid,' and
exvit-n, 'sound;' Sou'itus fln'ldi. The sound of
fluiil. heard by auscultation, or otherwise.
HYCiREDON, Humour.
HY(5 REM PLA ST R A, Hvgra.
HYGRODLEPHAR'ICr, from 'vypo^, 'humid,'
and ffXc'fapov, 'eye-lid;' Hygrophthiil' mici. Tlie
excretory duets of the lachrymal gland have been
so called.
HYGROBRONCHIORRIIONCHUS, llCde mu-
qiieii.r.
HYGROCATARAC'TA: from 'vypos, 'humid,'
and KaTapaKTtii, 'cataract;' Cutarnc'ta Uq'uido.
Liquid or fluid cataract.
lIYGROCETiE. llvdrocirsocele.
HYGROCOLLYRIA. see Collyrium.
HYGROCYSTIS, Hydatid.
HYGROI/OGY', HyproJo<,"in, from 'vypo^, 'hu-
mid,'and \oyoi, 'a discourse.' The anatomy of
the fluids of the body.
IIYGRO'MA, from 'wypoj, 'humid.' Tiininr
cys'ticits scro'siis, Cys'tis sero'sa. Dropsy of the
bursfp mucosie.
HYGROJIET'RIC, Tfygromet'riciis, (F.) Hy-
grumefriqiie. Same etymon as the next. Rela-
ting or appertaining to hygrometry.
IlYfiROMKTnic Property of an organized tissue,
(F.) Hyr/romelrieite, is that by which it gives off
to the air, and receives from it moisture under
varying conditions of that medium.
HYGROMETRICITE, Hygrometric prop-
erty.
HYGROMETRY
478
IIYOlDES OS
Ma-
and
HYGROM'ETRY, Hygromct'n'a, Hi/groxcop'-^
4n ; from ^vyooi;, 'humid,' and yiriTpov, 'measure.'
The part of physics which concerns the measure-
ment of the dryness or humidity of the atmo-
sphere. It is probable, that diseases are as fre-
quently caused by the varying moisture of the
atmosphere or by changes in its weight or tem-
perature. The fn/ijronieter ought, consequently,
to form part of every apparatus for medical me-
teorological observations.
HYGKON, Liquor.
HYciROPIIOBrA. Hydrophobia.
HYGllOPHTHAL'MIA, from 'vypo<, 'humid,'
and u<i;e,i\iiia, 'inflammation of the eye.' Oph-
thalmia with much lachrvmation.
HYGROPIITIIALMIOI, Hygroblepharici.
HYGROPISSOP, see Pinus sylvestris.
HYGKOSCOPIA, Hygroraetry.
HYGROTES, Humour, Liquor.
HYGRUM, Humour.
HY'LE, 'uXj7, 3late'r!a, 'Matter. Wood.'
teriii Medica; also, the Philosopher's stone.
Hyle Tatrice, Materia Medica.
HYLTSIS, Colatio.
HYLISMUS, Colatio.
HYLISTER, Colatorium.
HYLOPH'AGOUS, from 'vXr,, 'wood,'
(payti), ' I eat.' One that feeds upon the young
shoots of trees, roots, &c. Hylophagous tribes
yet exist in some parts of Africa.
HYMEN, 'vixrjv, which signifies 'marriage,'
' nuptial song,' ' membrane or pellicle.' Claus-
trnm seu Flos seu Si(jil'lniii seu Cimto'din seu Co-
Inm'na seu Zaiia virgitntd'flK, FI<ik vh-ginrt'lis,
Virr/iii'ia, Cir'cuhin menibrniio'siis, Ii>ict<>n, Iiiter-
sep'tum virgiun'/e, Cento virgina'Ux, Argnmen'tum
Integnta'tis, Mian'meii'tnm seu Zotiix Qintita'tis,
Paiiin'c'iiliig hymeiKs'its seu viyghia'lis, Etigion,
VdVvula seu 3lembrini'i(la liino'tit fagiiiee. Vir'-
ginnl mambrdiie. The semilunar, parabolic, or
"circular fold, situate at the outer orifice of the
vagina in virgins, especially during youth, and
prior to menstruation. This membrane is ordi-
narily ruptured by the first venereal act, and is
effaced by accouchement; some irreguhir flaps
remaining, to which the name Cnrini'rulcB 3li/i--
tifor'mes has been given by reason of their re-
semblance to the leaves of the myrtle. Many
circumstances of an innocent character may oc-
casion a rupture or destruction of this membrane.
It is often, indeed, found absent in children soon
after birth; whilst it moy remain entire after co-
pulation. Hence the presence of the hymen does
not absolutely prove virginitj' ; nor does its ab-
sence prove incontinence ; although its presence
would be pci'"ia/((c)e evidence of continence.
Hymen, Membrane — h. Diaphratton, Mediasti-
num.
HYMEN^A, see Copal — h. Courbaril, see
Anime.
HYMEN'ICA AMENORRIICE'A. Amenor-
rhoea occasioned V)y closure of the hymen.
HYMEN'ICUS, N;/meiio'(hn, from 'u/zjjv, ' hy-
men,' &o. Relating to the hymen. Also, mem-
branous.
HYMENI'TIS, from 'd/jj;i', 'a membrane,' and
itin, denoting inflammation. Membranous in-
flammation. Inflammation of an internal mem-
brane.
HYME'NIUM, ifemhran'iila, diminutive of
'vjtriv, 'a membrane.' A fine, delicate membrane.
HYMENODES. Ilvmenicus.
HYMEXOGANGLIITIS, Cholera.
HYMENOG"ENY, Ifi/n,eiwge>,'ia, (P.) Hpn^-
iiogein'e, from 'vfiriv, 'a membrane,' and ytwaw, 'I
engender.' The production of membranes by the
effect of simple contact of two liquids, as albu-
men and fat, when the former gives a coating to
the globules of the latter. — Aseherson.
I'.YMENOG'RAPIIY, irywcuogro'phh,, from
'u^»!>, ' a membrane,' and yyatiiiD, ' 1 descrilie.'
That part of anatomy whose object is the descrip-
tion of the different membranes.
IIYMENOL'OGY, }Ii/menolog"w, from 'vjinv,
a nieuihrane,' and \oyoi, 'a description.' A
treatise on the membranes.
IIYMENOPIITIIALMIA, Ophthalmia mcm-
branarnm.
H Y M E N 0 R ' RHAPIIY, Jhjwetiorrha'plrw ;
from 'vfirtv, ' the hymen,' and pn^rj, ' a suture' A
form of elytrorrhaphy, in which the operation is
performed in the natural situation of the hymen.
HYMENOT'OMY, Hymcnotom'in, from "'u/j.,*,
'a membrane,' and Ttjxva, 'I cut,' ' I dissect.'
The part of anatomy which treats of the dissec-
tion of the membranes. The term has also been
applied to the incision of the hymen, practised in
certain cases of imperforation of the vagina, in
order to give exit to the blood retained ami ac-
cumulated in the cavitv of the uterus.
IIYMNIUM, Amnios.
IIYO : in composition, an abridgment of Ily.
oides OS.
HYOBASIOGLOSSUS, Basioglossus.
IIYOCHONDROGLOSSUS, Ilyoglossus.
IIYODEOGLOSSUS, Hyoglossus.
, HYODEOTHYREODES, Thyreohyoidcus.
HYODES, Hvoides.
HYODEPIGLOTTICUS, Hyo-epiglottieus.
II Y 0-EPIGLOT'T I C U S, Bijodeplglnflicui.
Belonging to the os hyoides and epiglottis. Some
anatomists have given the name Hyo-epigUtttie
ligatiietit to a bundle of condensed areolar tissue,
wliich passes from the posterior part of the body
of the hyoid bone to the base of the eiiiglotlio
fibro-cartilage.
HYO-GLOSSO-BASI-PIIAB YNGIEK,
Constrictor pharyngis.
HYOGLOS'SUS, %o'f?eo-j??o««M«,Wyo-f^oHrfj-o-
gloKS}ifi, HtjpailogJossus, Cer'nto-glofmvH of Douglass
and Cowper : Bdslo-Cerato-Chondro-glonsnH. A
large, thin, quadrilateral muscle, situate at the
anterior and superior part of the neck. Its in-
sertions at three different points of the os hyoides
permit it to be divided into three portions: — the
firnt, {Cer<ito-g!onsi(s of Albinus) is attached to
the great cornu of the os hyoides: the nenmd,
[B(iii!o-ghi88un of Albinus,) arises from the supe-
rior part of the body of the same bone; and the
third, (Cho7)dro-gIo>--Hii8 of Albinus.) arises from
the lesser cornu and the cartilage, situate between
the body and the greater cornu. The fibres of
these three bundles are inserted into the lateral
and inferior parts of the tongue. This muscle
depresses the base of the tongue, or raises the os
hyoides, when the toneue is fixed.
HYO TIIYREOiDEUS, Thyreo-hyoideus.
HYO-TIIYROID, Thvreo-hyoid.
HYOID BONE, Hyoides, os.
HYOi'DES OS, Os nUor'ne seu Jn/pse!<,Vde>
seu Lam}id(n'd(is sen Out'turis seu Giitliirn'le seu
LiiigniB seu Liiujiid'le, Upsilo'i'df-s, Ypsilo'iden.
The Hyoid Bone; from the Greek v, and ciioi,
'shape.' IlyoVdevs, Hyo'des, The hyoid hone
is a very movable, osseous arch; of a parabolic
shape ; convex before, and suspended horizontally
in the substance of the soft parts of the reck,
betw^een the base of the tongue and the larynx.
This bone, separated entirely from the rest of tlio
skeleton, is composed of five distinct portii'iif,
susceptible of motion on each other. Ihc first, and
most centr;il, is the body of the hyoid, Oxii<'idvm
me'dium HyoVdis, which afl'ords attachment to
several muscles ; the two others are lateral, and
bear the name of braiiehrs or greater eorviio.
The last two are smaller, situate above the other,
and are known under the name lesser cortnni and
styloid cor)iua, the Ossa 2'>i'for'mia livgna'Ua
II YOlDEUS
479
HYPERCENOSIS
of Sominering, Omia seu Grnun seu Oiiic'nla
sell Cor'/jorti sou Corpua'cula iril{i:"ea. The OS
hyoifles is os'sified from five points.
IlYoiDKS PitiMiJS, Sterneo-hyoideus.
IIYOIDEUS, Hjdides.
IIYOIDIS QUARTUS MUSCULUS, Orao-
hyoi'leus.
IIYOSCY'AMUS, from 'uj, 'a swine,' and
Kvaitos, 'a bean.' Fabn snil'la, Bent/i, Jiinrjni'a-
111111, IfyoHiy'imiin niijer sou <v/rei'tin, AjioUIna'-
rii, Alter' cnin, Ar/'otte, Altercftii'yvtioii, Hi:)iljnne,
/'(jiKOit Tiihdc'co, Stiukiiui tiiylituhitde, (F.) Jus-
nuliiinne, Fl'i'f n Covhini, Jlmiiiebiiiie, f'oNlee, Por-
celel. Old. Solanaeeae. The leaves, Hijan'-t/ami
Fii'lin (Ph. U. S.), and seeds, Hi/oHci/'anii Semen
(Ph. U. S.), are the parts used in medicine.
Thi;ir odour is narcotic and peculiar; taste in-
sipid and mucilaginous. The virtues are yielded
to proof spirit. Ilyoscyamus is narcotic, ano-
dyne, antispasmodic, and slightly stimulant. It
is used iis'a substitute for opium, where the hitter
disagrees; and is applied, externally, as a cata-
plasm in cancer and glandular swellings. Dose,
gr. iij to .X of the powder. An alkiiloid was ob-
tained from it by Brandes, Ilyoncyitinine, Jiis-
qniitniine.
IIvoscvAMUS Agurstis, Ilyoscyamus.
IlYoscvAMrs Albus, 'White Heiibdiie, possesses
fiiinitiir virtues.
Hyoscyamus LtiTRtis, Nicotinna rustica — h.
Ni'„'cr, Ilyoscyamus — h. Peruvianus, !Nicotiana
tahiu'um.
IIyoscYAMCS Bro\>o'lAA,S<r'prili'iia (ttropdV deK.
The herb and root of this plant, which grows in
Illyriii, Hungary, Croatia, (Jallizia, and Uavaria,
arc used in the same cases as belladonna. Doso
of the powder, half n grain.
HYPACTICUS. Cathartic.
IIYP^E'MIA, from 'vro, 'beneatli,' and 'aijin,
'blnod;' Hi//)ii(b'>iiu(, H>/poIia>'iiiia, Ollija;' min,
Oli</'iIi(B'miii, Aiice'iiiia. Deficiency of blood. —
Anilral. Also, extravasation of blood.
IIyp.timia Ociii.i, IlaMnDphthahuia.
IIYPAGO({R. Dejection.
lIYPACncJUS, Laxative.
HYPALEIM'MA, Jliipniim'ma. Hypnfcip'fum,
J/ij/iiilip'tiini, fr<jm 'v77«>Mi^w, 'I anoint.' An
ointment or liniment to bo rubbed or si)read on
a part.
IIYPALEIPTKTS. Hvriileipt'-um.
IIYPALKIP'TIIOX. ifyi>a/e!p'tni»>,ffi/palei2i-
triH, JIi/piilij>'trii)ii, Spri-il'liini, Spath<t. A sort
of sjintula fir spreading ointments. — Hippocrates.
IIVPALEIPTRl'M. nvpnleii)tron.
IIYPALKIPTUM. Ilvpaloimma.
IIYPAMMMA. HvpalcimMia.
llYPAMPTKUM.'lIvpaleiptron.
IIYPAMAURO'SIS, from 'utto. 'under,' and
(tmniiinniii ; Ainnni(>'nii impel fec'ta. Imperfect
amaurosis : ^fel^<ltllrllll^o'llin.
IIYPANCO'NUIM, from 'v-to, 'beneatli,' and
iiyKbiv, ' the elbow.' A pillow for supporting the
elbow in sur;rical cases.
HYPAPOPLKX'IA, from 'viro. 'under,' and
a/i'itilf.riii. An inr-omplete attack of apoplexy.
IlVPATMIS.Mrs, Fumigation.
IIVPATM US. Fumiiration.
IIYPAITCHE'XIUM, from 'v^o. 'under,' and
au\riv, 'the neck.' A pillow or cushion for the
ne 1;.
MYPErCIIOR ESTS. Dejection.
IIYPECCHORETfCUS, Laxative.
IIYPl'^LATUS. Cathartic, Laxative.
IIYPKXANTrO,:\lA, Allopathy.
HYPEXANTIOSIS. Allopathy.
IIYPE'NE. 'arrtvi- The beard which grows
under the chin, according to some. Also, the
upper lip. — Vesalius. See Mystax.
IIYPENETES, Adolescens.
HYPER, 'vTrtp, 'above,' 'in excess.' Hence:
H Y P E R .A 0 U ' S I S, O.ryecni'n, Hyperac'oe,
Phlhoiiyodyiiplio'iio, from hyper, and ukoj], 'au-
dition.' Excessive sensibility of the organ of
hearing.
IIYPERADENO'SIS, Hyperadeno'ma, Hyper-
troph'ia (jhiiidida'rvni, from hyper, and ixhi)V, "a
gland.' Ilvpertrophv of a gland.
HYPER^ZE'MIA, 'Hyperhet'min, H(rmor;iie'si«,
(F.) Jlyj'eremie, Auijinhf iiiit,hom hyper, and 'nifia,
' blood.' Preternatural accumulation of Idood in
the capillary vessels, more especially local ple-
thora— pletho'ra prtrtid'lis : congelation. — Andral.
Various forms of hyperemia are admitted by pa-
thologists,— for example, the oetire or ntheiric ;
as in the phlegmasiac, — the asthenic or pnssire,
from weakness of vessels; the cadnverie, or that
which forms immediately before or after death ;
and the hypostatic, which occurs in depending
parts.
IlYPEn^EMiA Abdomots, Coelia^mia — h. Activa,
Inflammation — h. Cai)itis, Cephaluniia — h. of the
Brain, Stethivmia — h. Cerebri, Cephahieinia — h.
Pectoris, Stethwmia — h. Pulnionum, Stctha'mia
— h. of the Lungs, Stethaeniia — h. Ilcjiatic, He-
patoliietnia.
HYPERyE'MIC, Hypera-'wieux, Ilyperce'minl,
Cdiir/fn'trd, I!l<i<,dK]i(it. Affected with hyperemia.
liYPERyESTIlESIA, Hypera-sthesis— h. Lin-
guic, Ilypergeustia — h. Olfactoria, Hyperosphre-
sia — h. Plexus cardiaci. Angina {lecloris.
HYPERJiSTIIE'SrS, Hyperep.xthcF'nia, Oxy-
anthe'nitt, (F.) Hyperexthenie, from hyper, and
ataSrjcTis, 'the faculty of feeling.' Excessive sen-
sibility, impressibility, or passibilitv.
IIYPERiESTHET'ICA, same etymon. Agents
that are conceived to augment general sensibility
— as strychnia, brucia, Ac. I'ereira.
HYPERANARRHOPIIE'SIS, from hyper, and
ai/iip(io(h)i(!tf. ' absorption.' Excessive absorption.
HYPERANTIIERA MORINGA, Guilandina
moringa.
HYPERANTIIRAXIS, see Cholera.
HYPERAPH'IA, Oxyaph'?., Oxyaph'ia, from
hyper, and 'aipr\, ' touch.' Excessive acuteness
of touch.
HYPERAPHRODIS'IA,from hyper, and A^po-
hnr), 'Venus.' Excessi\e venereal desire.
HYPER ASTHENI'A, ixo\\\hyper, and aoQixua,
'weakness.' Excessive debility.
HYPERAUXE'SIS, from hyper, and avfi/aij,
'augmentation.' Hyjierepid'naiH. Excessive in-
crease or enlargement of a part, as Hypcrmixe'sis
I'ridis, an excessive enlargement of the iris, so
as to stop up the pujiil.
HYPERBOL'IC (alti/ude), from hype?; and
/?uAAw, 'I throw.' 'Excessive.' Galen, by this
term, designates certain extraordinary attitudes,
in which the limbs and vertebral column are in ft
state of complete extension or flexion.
IIYPERBO'REAN, from hyper, and /So.om?,
'the north wind.' A race of men found at the
extreme north of the two continents, in the vicin-
ity of the polar circle. It includes the Thibetans,
Osfiaks, Kamtschadales, Lajjlanders, Samoiedes,
Esquimaux. Ac.
IlYPERIiU'LTA, from hyper, and Pov^r,, 'will.'
Ungovernable will or volition.
HYPERCARDIA, Heart, hypertrophy of the.
HYPERCARDIOTROPHIA, Heart, hypertro-
phy of the.
HYPERCATAPINO'SIS. from hyper, and <fa7-,j-
Tttveiv, ' to sip up.' Excessive activity of absorp-
tion.
HYPERCATHAR'SIS, Nyperine'xix, Hyperi-
lion, Siiperpurfjd'tio, EJfreiiilii'tio, from hyper,
and Ka^apati, 'purgation.' Superpurgation.
HYPERCENO'SIS, from hyper, and Keiucti,
HYPERCERASIS
480
HYPERNEURIA
'evacuation.' Excessive evacuation, as of blood,
bile, <tc.
HYPERCERASIS. Staphyloma of the cornea.
HYPERCERATOSIS, Staphyloma of the cor-
nea.
HYPERCHOLIA, Polycholia.
HYPERCllRO'MA, from hijper, and XPyi^'^'
'colour.' A red fleshy excrescence at the inner
angle of the eye, near the caruncula lacrymalis,
which sometimes grows very large, so as to sepa-
rate the eyelids and interfere with their move-
ments.
HYPERCHROMATOPS'IA, Hyperchrnma-
top'sy, from hyper, )(^pwfi(i, ^fjunaTOi, 'colour,' and
oi//ts, ' vision.' A defect of vision, owing to which
ideas of colour are attached to objects, which
convey no such coloured impressions to a healthy
eye. It is the antithesis to achromatopsia.
HYPERCINE'SIA, Hypcrcine'sh, from hyper,
and Kivrjaii {Kivioi, ' I move,') ' motion. E.Ycessive
motion.' Under the term hyperciueuis, Romberg
includes the spasmodic neuroses.
HvPERciNKsiA Nervosa, see Irritable — h.
Uterin:!, Hysteria.
HYPERCIXESIS GASTRICA, Hypochondri-
asis.
HYPERCOyJONCTTVITE, see Ophthalmia.
HYPERCORYPHO'SIS, from hyper, and
Kopvipn, 'the vertex;' the extreme point of any-
thing. The lobes of the liver and lungs. — Hip-
pocrates.
HYPERCRIN'IA, Hyperdiac'risin, Chymoze'-
mia, from hyper, and Kfiiva, 'I separate.' A
morbid increase in the (luantity of the secre-
tions.
HYPER'CRISTS, same etymon. Snperexcre'-
tio, Siipercraciia'tio. An excessive crisis, or eva-
cuation ; a flux. — A very violent, critical effort,
or too copious critical evacuations. — Galen.
HYF'EUCYEMA, Superfoetation.
HYPERCYESIS, Superfoetation.
H Y P E R D E RM ATO'SIS. Jlyperdermato'mn,
Byperdcrmo'sis, Hyperdenno'ma, from hyper, and
hflta, 'skin.' Hvpertrophy of the skin.
HYPERDIACllISIS, Hypercrinia.
HYPERDIURESIS, Dii.betes.
HYPERDYNAMIA, Hvpersthenia.
HYPERDYXAM'IC, Hyp,'rdy,ia„i'!citii, from
Tiyper, and hvvaim, ' strength.' Appertaining to
or having the characters of hyperdynamia, or
excessive strength — of the vital powers more es-
pecially.
HYPERECHEMA, see Exaggerated.
HYPERECHESIS, see Exaggerated.
HYPERE.M'ESIS, Hyperemes'in, Vom'ilus
profii'sus ; from hyper, and t/jcu), ' I vomit.' Ex-
cessive vomiting.
HYpEREMIE. Hyperasmia — h. du Crrvenn,
Cephalohasmia — h. Ceri-hnde, Cephalohsemia —
It. dii Foie, Hepat'ihaemia — h. de hi 3/oeUe fpi-
iiiere, H}'permye!oha;mia — h. dcs I'oumons, Ste-
thismia. ^
HYPER ENCEPHALOrROPHIE ; from
hyper, eyKcipaXov, 'the encephalon,' and Tpo<jiri,
' nourishment.' Hypertrophy of the encephalon.
— Piorrv.
HYPERENCEPH'ALUS,(P.)/fy;3erencc?/37(o/e,
from hyprr, and KC'!>a\ri, 'the head.' A monster
whose excessive brain is situate in the skull.
HYPERENDOSMOSE, Inflammation.
HYPEREXERGI'A, from hyper, and evtpytia,
'activity.' Excessive activity, as of the nervous
system.
HYPEREPIIIDROSIS. Ephidrosis.
^YPEREPID0^:I8, Ilyperauxesis.
UYPERERETHTS'IA.from hyper, andtp£9i^ui,
'I exci'e.' Excessive irritability.
Hi'PERES'IA, 'vTtcpicia, 'a ministry.' This
word is sometimes applied to the organs : — when
it means function.
// YPERESTHESIE, Hypersesthesis.
HYPERETRIA, Midwife.
HYPERFIBRINATION, Hyperinosis.
HYPERGEN'ESIS, from hyper, and ytvtmt,
'generation,' (E.) Hyperyeiiesie. The excesii of
formative power, which gives occasion to niun-
strosities by excess of parts. See Monster.
HYPERGEUS'TIA, Jlyper<jen'niH, Jlyprrfrn-
the'sia UufjucB, Uj'yueii'Hia, from hyper, ami yiva-
Tis, ' taste.' Excessive sensibility of the organ
of taste.
HYPERHiEMATOSIS, Inflammation.
HYPER11^:MIA, Hypera;mia.
H YPERHEPA TO TR OP II IE, Ilepatauxe.
HYPERHIDROSIS, Ephidrosis.
HY'PERHO'RA, from hyper, and 'wpa, 'time.'
Premature development of the body, or of some
part.
HYPERI'CUM BACCIF'ERUM, Arlm'exda
g II III »i if era Brazi/iiii'nin, Can-opia. Ord. lly-
pericacea). A Brazilian tree, whose bark emits
a j\iice, when wounded, which resembles gamboge.
Hypericum is consiilered by Linmeus to be de-
rived from ' vnip, 'over,' and eiKuv, 'an image or
spectre ;' from its having been fancied to possess
the power of driving away evil spirits.
HvPKnicuM Officinalk, H. perforatum — h.
Officinarum, II. perforatum.
Hyi-eiucum Pki!FOHa'titm, Hypericiiiii, If. offi-
cina'le sen officiiin'ruiii sen vuhja' re seu Vin/iii'i'
cum, Fiiyn Da>'nionnm, Aiidionrn'miim, Co'rion,
Per'/ora'ted or Common St. John's Wort, (F.) Illil-
/cpertiiis ordinaire. It is aromatic and astrin-
gent, and enters into a number of aromatic pre-
parations: and, amongst others, into the FaH-
traiicks. It was, at one time, much used in dys-
entery, hemorrhages, Ac. The juice is acrid.
The Oil of St. John's Wort, lied oil, Liiiimen'liim
seu O'leiim hyperi'ci, Bal'snmnm hyperi'i sim'plcr,
is made by infusing §iv. of the flowers in a quart
of olive oil. It is applied to recent bruises.
Hyi'F.UICUM Saro'thha, Orange {jiokk. Pine-
weed, indigenous, is applied in domestic jirae-
tice, boiled, to contusions and sprains.
HvpEniouM ViuGiNicuM, H. perforatum — h.
Vulcare, H. perforatum.
HYPERIDROSIS, Ephidrosis.
HYPERIXESIS. Ilypercatharsis.
HYPERINOS, Hypercatharsis.
HYPERIXO'SIS, fno'sis, HyperploH'ma, from
hi/per. and is, ivo;, ' fibre.' The condition of tliO
blood in which it contains an increase in the pr...
portion of fibrin, Hyper-Jihrinii'tion. Snper-fihri-
nation, a decrease of the corpuscles in proportion
to the excess of fibrin, and an increase of the
fat. — as in inflammation. In proportion to llie
increase of the filirin and fat. and the dccreai-e
of tlie corpuscles, the whole solid re.'iflue will be
diminished. Also, morbidly-increased muscular
activity. — Sicbenhaar.
HYPERLYMPH'IA, (F.) Ui/perlymphie ;{rojn
hi/per and hjmpAa. Excessive fcjrmalion or ac-
cumulation of lymph.
H YPERME TR Oil E. If IE, Metroh ajin ia.
HYPERMXE'SIA, from hyper, and /ireo/iai,
' I recollect.' Excessive nicmory.
HYPERMY^EOLOHiE'MIA, (F.) UijperSwit
de la Moelle Epiniere, Conijextion smiipiinerarhi-
dienne, from hyper, p tUi, 'marrow,' and 'ai^i'i,
' blood.' Hyperaimia of the spinal marrow.
HYPERNEPHROTROPIIIE, from hjper,
viippos, 'kidney,' and rpoiprj, 'nourishment.' Hy-
pertrophy of the kidney.
HYPERXEU'RIA, from hyper, nr.d it«/<ov, 'a
nerve.' Excessive nervous activity.
IIYPERXEUROMA
481
HYPNONERGIA
nVPEHNEURO'MA, same etymon. Morbid
developiiicnt of the nciiriiie or nervous masses.
H Y P K 11 0 - PIIARYNGEUS, Palato-pharyn-
geus.
IIVPKRO'A, from Injper, and laov, 'a high
pliice.' 'J'lic palatine arch, — the base of the cra-
nium ; the palate.
IIYPEROI'TIS, Liflamma'tin pala'ti, Angi'na
Pnlriti'iin, (F.) Iii/lnmmation (lit Piihtis ; from liy-
peroii, 'the palate,' and itis, a suffix- denoting in-
flamination. rnflainmation of the velum palati.
IIYPKROOCIIAS'MA, from 'vKcpuia, 'the pa-
late,'and ^nafta^'nn opening;' Li/coH'oma, Pa-
la'tiiiii JinHiiiii. Fissure of the palate.
IIYPKROI'SIA, Oxyopia.
HYPKROS. Pilum.
IIYPEROSMIA, Ilyperosphresia.
HYPEROSPIIRE'SIA, II,/pero>,'min, Hijper-
CBStlif'nitt ol/acto' ria, Ol/dc'tiia acn'tiia, from lii/per,
and oa<j)^r]aii, 'smell.' E.\eessive acuteness of
smell.
HYPEROSTOSIS. Exostosis.
HYPERPATIIl'A. from hi/per, and Trn6os, 'suf-
fering.' Exfessive sensibility in disease.
HYPEKPIILERO'SIS, from fn/p,;; and <p\c^,
'a vein.' Too great development of the venous
system; predominant venosity.
HYPERPIILEGMASIA, llyperphlogosi.s.
HYPERPIILOGO'SrS, Epiph /o,,o'm\ Huper-
phleymn'Hiri, In/liiiiim<i'tii> peracii'ln ; from hi/per,
ond ipXaywax;, 'inflammation.' A high degree
of inflaininiition.
JIYP /■: It P Un EN IE, Man in,.
IIYPERPIMKLE, see Polvsarcia.
HYPEK PLASMA, IFyperinosis.
HYPF.UI'LEXIE, EVstnsis.
lIYPKUPXEUSTfA, Flatulence.
lIYPEKPRESIiYTIA, Presbytia.
IIYPERSARCIIIDIOS. Phv>"e(.nin.
HYPERS A RCO'M A, Hiiporsnrn.'nh, ITfipcr.
tarx'iH, from lii/per, and anp^, ' Hc-li.' A soft fun-
gous excrescence, especially such as appears
upon ulcerated parts. — A fungosity.
HYPERSARCOSIS, Excrescence, Fungosity,
— h. Cordis, Heart, hypertrophy of the.
HYPERSARXIS, Hvpersareoma.
HYPEHSPADIAS, Epispadias.
HYPERSPASMIA, Convulsion.
HYI'ERSPLEXO T HOP III E, Splenoncus.
HYPERSPOXdIA, Spina ventosa.
HYPEllSTIIEXI'A. H,iprr,},,na' mU,, Hyper-
to'odyiKi'mi,,, Stntiia injhimiiinto' rlim veriin ; from
Itypcr, and aSevoi;, 'strength.' Super-excitement.
A morbid condition, characterized by over-e.xcite-
ment of all the vital phenomena.
HYPEIiSTIIEXIO. Stimulant.
HYPEHSTIIEXICUS, Active. Stimulant.
HIPERTOX'IA, hyper, and toj/oj, 'tone.'
E.\ecss of tone in parts. It is opposed to atony.
UYPEHTRICIIO'SIS: from hyper, and ep<(,
rpi^uf, ' hair.' Excessive production of hair.
HYPERTROPlIiE'MIA, from hyper, rpo<pr„
'nourishment,' and 'ai^a, 'blood.' A state in
which the plastic powers of the blood are in-
creased.
HYPERTROPIIIA, Hypertropbv-b. Cerebri,
Phrenauxe — h. Cordis, Heart, hypertrophy of
tlie — h. Glandularum, Ilypcradcnosis — h. He-
pntis, Ilepatauxe — h. Intestinorum, Enterhy-
pertrnphia — h. Lienis, Splenoncus — h. Splenis,
Splenoncus _h. Uteri, Metraiixe — h. Unguium,'
"iiych:inxc — h. Vesica! urinaria;, Cystau.xe.
IIYI'ERTROPTII.-E. see Hypertrophy.
inri:i!TROI>lllE nr CCECP, lienrt, hy-
pertrciphy of the— A. Centripite du Caur, Heart
31 '
hypertrophy of the — h. Concentriqve du Occur,
Heart, hypertrophy of the — A. d,i Pole, Ilepa-
tauxe—A. de In Rate, Splenoncus — A. du Corps
Thijro'ide. Bronchocele.
HYPERTROPHIED, see Hypertrophy.
BYI'ERTROPHIEN, see Hypertrophy.
HYPERTROPHOUS, see Hypertrophy.
HY'PERTROPIIY, Ihjpertroph'ia, from hyper,
and rpo^r], 'nourishment.' The state of a part
in which the nutrition is performed with greater
activity; and which, on that account, at length
acquires unusual bulk. The part thus affected is
said to be hyper'trophied or hyper'tiophovn.
Hypertrophim is used by Neligan, as Ilyper-
trophien is l)y Simon, for an order of cutaneous
diseases, characterized by hypertrophy of the
derma, or epidermis, or both, "or of the hair fol-
licles.
HYPERURESIS, Enuresis — h. Aquosa, Dia-
betes.
HYPERURORRHEE, Diabetes— A. Saccha-
rt'iie. Diabetes (mellitus.)
HYPERZOODYNAMIA. Hypersthenia.
HYPEX'ODOS, 't:r££«,5uj, from 'u^ro, 'beneath.'
and i^oioi. 'passing out.' An alvine discharge
or flux. — Hippocrates.
HYPEZOC US, Diaphragm, Pleura. See Hy-
pozoma.
HYPHA, Texture.
HYPH/EMA, Ecchymoma.
HYPH^MATO'SIS, Hypohatmofo'^h, from
'vTo. 'under,' and 'aifiaTuxTti, 'sanguification.'
Morbidly diminished ha-matosis.— ,S'«'»7((//ica'?/o
HYPII^MOS, Subcruentus,
HYPHE. Texture.
HYPIIVDROS, Hydropic.
HYPIiXO'SIS, Hypnpl,,»'ma, from '«™, 'un-
der,' and jf, ivoi, 'fibre.' The condition of the
blood in which the quantity of fibrin is frequently
less than in health, or if it amounts to the usual
quantity, its proportion to the blood corpuscles
is less than in health : the quantity of corpuscles
is either absolutely increased or their proportion
to the fibrin is larger than in healthy blood; the
quantity of solid constituents is also frequently
larger than in health. Such is the condition of
the blood in fevers, hemorrhages, and polyamia.
— Simon.
HYPN^STHESIS, Somnolency.
HYPNAGO'CiIC, Jlyptinyo'ijiciiK, from 'wttvos,
'sleep,' and aymyoi, 'n leader.' Leading to sleep.
Hyptiaynfjic hiillua'iiiitifius are those visions
which occur when we are half asleep.
HYPXIA'TER, (F.) Hypuiatrc, from 'vrvoi,
'sleep.' and larpog, 'a physician.' A name given
to deluded or designing persons who have affirmed
that they were able, during their 'magnetic sleep,'
to diagnosticate disease and its appropriate treat-
ment.
HYPNIC, TTiip'nicus, from 'wirvos, 'sleep.' An
agent that affects sleep. — Percira.
HYPNOBADES. Somnambulist.
HYPXOBADISIS, Somnambulism.
HYPXOBATASIS, Somnambulism.
HYPNOBATES, Somnambulist.
HYPNOBATESIS, Somnambulism.
HYPNOBATIA, Somnambulism.
HIPX^O'DES. \'!!vto6tji, from 'v-ko, 'under,' and
'vTvoi, ' sleep.' One in a state of slumber of som-
nolency.
HYPXODIA, Somnolency.
HYPXOLO(;"ICA, HypnoIog"ice. The part
of hygiene which treats of sleep.
HYPNOL'OGY, Hypuoloy"ia, from 'w:rm, and
\oyoi, 'a discourse.' Same etymon.. A treatise
on sleep. The doctrine of sleep.
HYPNONERGIA, Somnambulism.
IIYPNOPIIOBIA
482
HYPOGASTRIC
TTYPXOPIIOB'IA, from 'virvos, 'sleep,' and
pijiiii. ' droMil.' Dri'iul of .-leep. Incubus.
IIVI'XOPCEUS, Somniferous.
IIVPNOS, Sleep.
IIVPNO'SIS. from 'vttvos, 'sleep.' The super-
vetiiion or produetion of .>ileep.
llv.'Nosis BioMAG.VKTioA, Sleep, magnetic.
HYPNOTIC, Somniferous.
liYPXOTISM, see Miignetism, animal.
HYPNOTIZED, see Mesmerized.
IIY'PO, 'vTTo, 'sub,' •under,' in composition.
II Yi'o, Ilypochonilriasis.
II Y POyE.M A, Efchy moma.
HYPOXEMIA, Ecehvuionia, Ilypaemia.
UYPOBLEPirARUM, from 'wo, 'under,' and
/?A£0u|,o>', 'ejeiid.' Tumefaction under one or
both eyelids. Also, an artificial eye, placed un-
der the eyelids.
HYPOCAPNISMA, Suffimentum.
IIYPOOAPNISMUS, Fumigation.
IIYPOCAHO'DES, Subxoporn'tns, from 'vtto,
'under,' and /ca/.of, 'a heavy fleep.' One who is
in a state approMcliing earns. — Hippocrates.
HYPOCATIIAR'SIS, from 'v-^o, 'under,' and
KuSapffis, ' purgation.' Too feeble purgation. A
■word opposed to hvperoatharsis.
IIYPOCATIIAKTICUS, La.xative.
IIYPOCAUS'TUM, from 'uto, 'under,' and
Kaiit), 'I burn.' A name given to a stove, or any
such contrivance, to sweat in. Also, a furnace
in any subterraneous place, used for heating
baths : — 'imoKavaTov, /l(i/iit<i'n'iiiii, Vapont'iiiini.
IIYPOCEPHALiE'UM, from 'vto, ' under,' and
Kifjta'Sr), ' head.' A (lillow for the head.
IIYPOCERCIIA'LEON, from 'viro, and Kcp-
X^^cos, 'lioarse.' Rougiiness of the fauces affect-
ing the voice. — IIi|ip(icrates.
HYPOCIILORETUM SULPIIUROSUM, Sul-
phur, chloride of.
IIYPOCIILOROM'ELAS, snh-pnl'lide nVijri-
cinie. from 'u>ro, ;^A(j/jof, ' green,' and.;itA«j, ' black.'
A term applied to one wliose skin is pale, with a
bhickish hue. — Hippocrates, tialen.
IIYPOCHOILION. Abdomen.
HY'POCHONDRE, llyp<,<hn,i'drh,m, Suhrar-
tildjin'eiuii, Ite'yio Iliipdrliotidri'tn-ii, Ihjpochon' -
drinc Rei/iiiii, from 'vtto, 'under,' and ;^oi'(5/)o{, 'a
cartilage.' Each lateral and superior region of
the abdomen is so called, because it is bounded
by the cartilaginous margin of the false ribs,
which forms the base of the chest. There is a
ii(jht and a Up bypochondrium.
IIYPOCHON'DRIAC, Hi/po,:ho,idr;'ncns, ffy.
pochdiidri'itcd/, Vn' polity, Va'poitrixh, (F.) flypo-
choudrinqne. Same etymon. Belonging to hy-
pochondriasis. One labouring under hypochon-
driasis— hipped.
HYPOCHONDRTAOISMUS.IIypochondriasis.
HYPOCHONDRIAL(JIA, Hypochondriasis.
// rnOCHOXDRIA Q UE, Hypochondriac.
HYPOCHONDRI'ASIS. Same etymon. Ahi'.
Ilia seu Hfdliicitiii'tiit hy/yocfiDiidrliiHia, Mitibim
hiflioeh'iiidri'acns seu ]ieniccntii' riim seu liiictiiri'-
nitD, Milium hi/uiicho»dri'iiciim, Hi/pochiiiidriitrig'-
»)ir/«, ffypoihnmiricin'iiiitii, Di/Hpcp'xia hi/piirhoii-
diiitaiH, Pas'nio seu Ajfvc'iii) hi/]>ofhoiidii'acri,
Aiiotlii/iii>''i'<ii, Hyperciiie'nis (jnHtrica, SpJeiif.x,
Jlfehiiirhn/'iii nerreii seu flntiio'na seu hypnchon-
dii'dcii, Siiffucii'tiii hypoihoiidii'rica, MorliiiK
jiiitiin'sf.n seu eniilitii'ruiii, FomeD veiitric'idi, Ifif-
ptiihiDidiiniii, Ifyp", Hip. Splaeii, Vapoiirn Eiii/UhJi,
Mnliidi/, Lnw Spititx, (F.) Hyjiochoudrie, Mi'dudie
iinai/iiKiiie ou Aiif/ltiinc, Affeftion vitporeime, Vn-
peiim. This disease is probably so called, from
the circumstance of some hypochondriacs having
felt an uneasy sensation in the hypochondriac
regions. The disease seems really to be, as Pine!
lias classed it, a species of neurosis, and of mental
alienation, which is observed in persons who in
other respects arc of sound judgment, but who
reason erroneously on whatever concerns tlieir
own health. Hypochondriasis is characterized by
disordered digestion, without fever or local lesion •
flatulence ; borborygmi : extreme increase of sen
sibility ; palpitations; illusions of llie senses; ii
succession of morbid feelings, which appear to
simulate the greater part of diseases; panics:
exaggerated uneasiness of various kinds; eliiclly
in what regards the iiealth, <fcc. Imligestion Inis
usually been considered the cause of liypociioii-
driasis. Tliey are, utuiueslioinil)ly, much eon-
nected with each other : but there is every rea.son
to believe, that the seat of the iiffeetion is really,
though functionally, in the brain. The disease
almost always appears at the adult age, most
commonly in irritable individiuils ; and in those
exhausted, or rather in the habit of being ex-
hausted by mental labour, overwhelmed with
domestic or public affairs, Ac.
The treatment is almost entirely moral. The
condition of the digestive function must, however,
be accuratelv attended to.
HYPOCHONDRICIS.MUS, Hypochondriasis.
HYPOCHONDKIS.M. Hypochondriasis.
HYPOCIIORE.MA, Excrement.
HYPOCHORESIS, Dejection, Defecation, E.K-
crement.
HYPOCHORETICIIS, Cathartic.
HYPOCHYMA, Cataract.
IIYPOCHYROSIS, Baryecoia.
HYPOCHYSIS II.<EMAT0DES,n8Dmophthal.
mia.
HYPOCISTIS. Cvtinus.
IIYPOCLEP'TldUM, from 'i/tto, 'beneath,'
and kXctttu), 'I steal.' A ehyniical vcsfel, fur-
inerlv used for separating oil from water.
HYPOCCKLIS. Palpebra inferior.
HYPOCfflEIUM, Abdomen.
IIYPOCffiLUM, llypocoilon, Palpebra infe-
rior.
llYrOCOl'T.OT^! ,ffypoc>r'loi), Hypnece'liim, Hy-
pac'ylnm, from 'vmt, 'under,' and koiXdv, 'a ca-
vity.' A cavity situate under the lower eyelid.
Tlie lower eveliil itself.
HYPOCO'PHOSIS, Baryecoia, Deafness.
HYPOCRA'NIU.M (Ai'osTKMA),from 'wiro, 'un-
der,' and Kjiaviov, 'the cranium.' A collection of
pus between the cranium and dura mater.
HYPOCRATES. Infirm.
HYPOOYLrM. Ilvpoeoilon, Palpebra inferior.
HYPOCYSTEOTOMIA, see Lithotomy.
HYPODERIS, Kpideris.
ni'PODERMAT'O.MY,f/-//>'>f;frm«Mm'/«, from
'vKO, 'under,' icpfia, 'the skin,' and rourt, 'inci-
sion.' The section of subcutaneous parts-, as of
tendons and muscles.
HYPODER'MIC, Hypmhr'niirm, (F.) Hypo,
domiqiie, from 'iin-o, 'under,' and iijiita, 'skin.'
That which is tinder the skin, — as 'liypmlennie
medication,' (F.) Medivatioii hypodcriiiii/ui' ; that
which consists in the nj)plication of remedies — aa
morphia — under the skin.
HYPODRR.MIS. Clitoris, Epideris.
HYPODERRHIS, Epideris.
HYPODESMA, Ban.lage.
IIYPODYXA MIC, Adynamic.
HYPODY'X'IA, from 'uiro, 'under,' and o^wtit
'pain.' Dnlor iiiitin i^eu loiig. A slight pain.
HYPOGALA. Hvpopvon.
IlYPOtiASTRAT/GrA. from 'vr;oynijTi,tov. 'the
hypognstrium,' and aXyoi, 'pain.' Pain in tlie
hvpogasfrium.
"HYPOCiAS'TRIC, /rypiifjiii'iricni,. Relating
or belonging to the hypogasiriuin.
HvroGASTRIC Aktkhv, A. Ili'nca intei'nn, A.
TU'iifi pnnte'rior, A. p<-li'ieiiiie—{Ch.), is the more
internal of the two branches into which the pri-
mary iliac divides. It descends into the cavity
IIYPOGASTRION
483
HYPOPIUM
of tlio pelvis, and gives ofiF a considerable number
of branches, which arise, at times, separately ; at
others, liy common trunks. These branches are,
1. The pimterior, i. e. the ilio-lumbar arteries, la-
teral, sacral, and gluteal. 2. The anterior, i. e.
the umbilical, vesical, and obturator. 3. The in-
tiininl, —the middle hemorrhoidal arteries, uterine,
iiiid vaginal in women. 4. The inferior, i. e. the
iwhidlic iirterieH, and internal pudic.
llYi'oaAs'Tuic Gan'gi.io.v. a large nervous
ganglion, described by Dr. Robt. Lee as seated
on each side of the ccrvi.\ uteri, immediately be-
hind tlie ureter; which receives the greater num-
ber of the nerves of the hypogastric and sacral
plexuses, and distributes branches to the uterus,
vagina, bladder, and rectum.
lIvl'OliA.STfUC Ol'KUATION OF LiTIIOT'OMY, (F.)
Tiiille lii//)'></itiilri(iiie. The high operation, or
that practised above the jiubes.
Ilvi'OGASTlUC Pl,EXliS,/'/('X((« snim-weseiiferiqiie
of Winslow, is situate at the lateral and posterior
parts of the rectum and the ban fund of the blad-
der. It is formed by the sacral nerves and the
inferior mesenteric plexus, and gives off numerous
filaments, which accompany the arteries that jiass
to the rectum and genital organs.
Ilyi'OGASTRic Vein furnishes nearly the same
branches.
IIYPfXJASTIirON, Abdomen, Ilypogastrium.
IIYPOUAS'TRIUM, HiipmjnH'triou, from 'v-o,
'under,' and y./ffrr/p, 'the stomach or belly;'
Kiron, r/Tpov, \'eiiler iinna, V. jxirvun, Aqnaliv'-
uIkk, Snmeu, Rnnien ; the lower part of the ab-
domen. The IIi/pixjaHtric ret/ion, Re'yio hi/pn-
ijiin'tricn seu hy)i<i(jiiH'tri<t, which extends as high
as three fingers' breadth beneath the umbilicus,
is divided into three secondary regions — one
viiilillr or pnhic, and two laternl or ini/ninol.
HYPOGASTROCE'LE, from 'vno, 'under,'
yiiort;/), ' the stomach or belly,' and ict^Xi;, ' a tu-
ninur.' Hernia in the hypogastric region, occur-
ring through the separated fibres of the lower
pait of the tinea alba. See Hernia, hvpogastric.
HYPOGASTRODID'YMUS, Did'ijmu^ Sijin-
]>hij(iliifi)(i;/<i>i'triiiii, Imhiopit'iifin, from 'vto, 'un
•ler,' yaarnp, 'the belly,' and StSvfius, 'a twin.' A
monstrosity in which twins are united by the
hypogastrium. — Gnrlt.
IIYPOGASTKOUIXIS, Eventration.
HYPOGLOSSA, Hypoglottides.
HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE, Hypoglossus.
HYPOGLOSSIA, Hypoglottides.
HYPOtJLOSSIADENrTLS, from 'vno, 'under,'
yXuffffii, ' tongue,' u^»;v, 'a gland,' and itin, deno-
ting inflamnnition. Inflomnni'tio (jltinJnlu' mm
HnbliiKjnit'liitin. Inflammation of the sublingual
gland.
HYPOOLOSSIDIA. Hypoglottides.
HYPOGLOSSIS, Hypoy/oH'xium, Hyporjlott'iit,
Hi/p<ii/fol'tiii. from 'vno, 'under,' and 'yXiixtaa,
'tongue.' The under surface of the tongue ; any-
thing under the tongue: and hence, Ranula.
HYPOtJLOSSIUM, Ilypoglossis, Ranula.
HYPOGLOSSUM, Ruscus hypoglossum, Ra-
nula.
IIYPOGLOS'SUS, from 'wo, 'under,' and
Y^uiaan, ' the tongue.' That which is under the
tongue.
Ilvi'OCI.OSSt'S, Liiignn'lin 3fe'di>is,Hi/pof)ltii>K'al
or Lini/nol or (inn'tntori/ Nerve, (F.) Xerf Hijpo-
rj/iiHKe ou (rrniid Hi/poi//iigne, IlypoijloHnien (Cli.),
IS tiie ninth piiir if iierven. Par niiniini, \ervn>i
liypmj/oistiK seu lixjnenn, of many anatomists. It
arises by ten or twelve very fine filaments from
the grooves, which separate the corpora pyranii-
dalia from the C. olivaria; issues from the cra-
niiun by the foramen condyloideum aiiterius; and
di\i>ies, near the angle of the jaw, into two
branches; the one, the cervicn'lia dencendcni or
denroi'dens iinni. It forms, with the cervical
ple.xus, a large anastomotic arch, and furni.-hes
branches to several of the muscles of the neck.
The other, the lini/mil branch, is the continuatiim
of the principal trunk, and gives its numerous
filaments to the muscles of the tongue and pha-
rynx. The ninth pair communicates motion to
the muscles to which it is distributed.
HYPOGLOTTIA, Ilypoglossis, Hvpoglottides.
HYPOGLOTT'IDES, (PILUL^E,') frypo,,/„H'.
nia, f/yp'iijldt'tiii, Hypoi/lon'iia, llypnqldt'ta, Hy-
poijInHHid' ia, Pil'nUe Hnblint/iui'len. Pills placed
under the tongue to dissolve there.
HYPOGLOTTIS, Ilypoglossis, Ranula.
HYPOGLU'TIS, from 'v7,o, 'under,' and y>ou-
T0{, ' the nates.' The lower and projecting part
of the nates.— Gorraeus.
HYPOtJNATHADEX. Submaxillary gland.
IIYP0GNATHADENrTI8.f////K«m/,«r/e»n'/;».
from hi/p(i(/n(ilh<ide)i, the submaxillary gland, and
itii, denoting inflammation. Infiamination of the
submaxillary gland.
HYPOH,F/i\f A, from 'uto, 'under.' and ni/i<i,
'blood.' Efiusion of blood into the chambers of
the eye. It is generally absorbed in time.
IIYPOIIyEMATOSIS, Hyphamatosis.
IIYP0H;RMIA, Ilypa'mia.
IIYPOLEPSIOMANIA, Melancholy.
HYPCMFA, from 'uiro, 'under.' and wfio?. 'the
shoulder.' That which lies under the shoulder,
as the axilla.
HYPO.MO'RTA, from 'uro. 'under,' and /noptn,
'folly.' Slight imbecility of mind, or slight
deliriup^.
HYPONARTHECIE, Hypnnnrthe'cia, from
'vno, ' under,' and vapOrj^. 'a splint.' A term used
by M. Mayor for his mode of treating fractures
by position only, — the limb resting upon a pro-
perly cushionc(i board or splint.
HYPONEU'RIA. from 'vku, ' under,' and wu-
pov, 'a nerve.' Morbidly diminished nervou.s
energy.
HYPON'OMOS, Ulcnx xnhtnx drpa>,'rcn». from
'tiro, 'under,' and vt/iu, 'I feed.' A deep fistula
or ulcer.
HYPON'YCHON, from 'vno, 'under,' and oiuf,
'the nail.' /■Jrchynio'ma Hypunychon. Effusion
of blciod under a nail.
HYPOPATIII'A, ■.S'-(?K,/ec'r;«, from 'vno, 'un-
der,'and TtaBoi, 'disease.' A disease of a slight
character.
HYPOPATUS. Dcjectio.
HYl'OPE'DIUM, from 'wo. 'under,' and vovi,
'the foot.' A cataplasm for the sole of the foot.
HYPOPH'ASIS, from 'vtto, 'under.' and iiiatviai,
' I appear.' The state of the eyes in which tho
white only is seen through the opening of the
eyelids. — Hippocrates.
lIYPOPIILEfJMASIA. Subinflnmmatio.
IlYPOPirOKA, from 'vtto, 'under,' and ^cpu,
'I carry:' liens ninno'inni seu fislnlo'snm. .\.
fistulous ulcer. — Galen. A dejection.
HYPOPllTHALMIA, Hypopyon.
HYPOPHTHAL'MION. from 'viro, 'under.'
and oc/.3a>fiof, 'the eye.' That part under the eye
where oedema generally commences in chronic
diseases and in cachexia. — Hippocrates.
HYPOPHYSIS, Cataract, Epigone — h. Cere-
bri. Pituitnrv gland.
HYPOP'ITYS LANUGINO'SA, from 'v^o,
'under,' and irtrtij, 'a pine tree,' from the place
of its growth. American Pine-nap. false lieech-
driipx, liirdn' Next. Indigenous; flowering from
June to .August. Order, Ericaeea*. Used as a
nervine in the form of the powdered root.
IIYPO'PIUM, from 'vno, 'under,' and a-X,
HYPOrLASMA
484
irVPOUCANNA
'eye.' The part of the face under the eye: — a
black eye.
IIvpoPirM Os, MiiliB OS.
HYPOPLASMA. Ilvpinosis.
HYPOPLAST^E'MA.from 'vno, 'under.' 7rAn<T-
TiKOi. ' formative,' and 'ui/io, 'blood.' Diminished
plasticity of the blood.
HYPOPLRUKIUS, Pleura.
IIYPOPO'DI.A, Siipphuitti'lift, Siippedn'nen,
from 'v-ro, 'under,' and zovs, 'the foot.' Reme-
dies, as sinapisms, which are applied under the
foot.
HYPOP'YON, Ilypop't/iim, ITiipnphthnl'min,
Pijfifiliihiil'miii, Enipi/e'sin seu I)!(ip;/e'sis seu Ab-
sccs'xiiR Oc'ii/i, Oc'iiliiK piinileu'tiis, LinxeU'it, Hy-
png'iila, Hypitpi/nm Inc'teiiiii, Pi/o'sis, Pnrnp'sis
St(i))Jii/lt>'iiia piintleiititm ; from 'ujro, 'under,' and
■Kvov, • ])us ;' because the pus is under the cornea.
This name has been given to small abscesses be-
tween the laniiniB of the cornea, as well as to
different purulent collections in the chambers of
the eye: hence, some pathologists have distin-
guished Hifpfip' ijitn (if the chambers from Hi/pop'-
yon (if the cor'iiea. In abscesses of the chambers,
the purulent matter is mixed with the aqueous
humour, which it renders turbid ; and is deposited
particularly at the lower part of the eye ; forming
behind the cornea a kind of whitish crescent, that
rises more or less before the pupil, and closes it
entirelj' or in part. It requires the use of local
and general antiphlogistics, and sorbefacients.
At tiuies, it is necessary to puncture the cornea
and evacuate the pus.
Ni/popion was used by Galen to signify "an
effusion of blood under the eyelids and tunica
conjunctiva, or under the lower eyelid." —
BhuKMrd.
IIYPOPYUM LACTEUM. Hypopyon.
IIYPORIN'ION. IIypo)-rhiii'!iim, from 'vno,
'under,' and piv, 'the nose.' That part of the
beard which grows beneath the nose. The mus-
taches. Also, the upper lip.
HYPORRHYSIS, Detluxion, Prolapsus.
HYPOSA'PRUS, Sitbpi(tns,Fiilre8'ce>,>i. Grow-
ing putrid ; slightly putrid. Game, of various
kinds. (F.) Viaiides fdimmdecs, is, at tiiTies, pre-
ferred in an incipient state of decomposition,
which certainly renders it more digestible.
HY'POSAR'CA. from 'vno, 'under,' and aap^,
'flesh;' J/i/ponarcid'iiiK, Anasarca. In the Noso-
logies of Linnaius and CuUen, it is synonymous
with PJn/Kcoiiln.
HYPOSARCIDIUS, Anasarca, Hyposarca.
HYPOSARCO'SIS, from 'vtto, 'under,' and
aapKwai;, ' a fleshy growth.' A small, fleshy
growth : — a wart.
HYPOSIAGON, Maxillary bone, inferior.
HYPOSIAGONARTHRI'TIS. from 'vno, 'un-
der,' irtayiav, 'the jawbone,' ('lower jawbone,')
afjOjiov, 'a joint,' and itis, denoting inflammation ;
Infliiiiiiiut'tio (trtic'idi waxil'la iitferii/ris. In-
flamniiition of the joint of the lower jaw.
HYPO.SIALADEN, Submaxillary gland.
HYPO.SIALADENITIS, Hypognathadenitis.
HY'POSPA'DIA, Hyponpadi'asis, from 'vno,
'under,' and anaio, 'I draw.' A malformation, in
which the canal of the urethra, instead of open-
ing at the apex of the glans, terminates at its
base, or beneath the penis, at a greater or less
distance from the symphysis pubis. AVhen the
orifice of the urethra is very near the root of the
penis, the scrotum is divided, as it were, into two
great labia: and this malformation has often
been taken for a ease of hermaphrodism. Hypo-
spadia is ordinarily incurable; and an idea has
been entertained that it is the cause of impotence.
It IS not exactly so; but it renders impregnation
less probable.
HYPOSPA'DIAS, Ujipoipadlcr'uK, Ifi/poi-pad'.
iciiK. One afl'ecled with hypospadia.
1IYP()SPAI)IA8IS. Hypospadia.
HYPOSPATIILS'MUS", from 'vro, 'under,' and
anadiov, 'a ladle or spatula.' A surgical opera-
tion, with the ancients, in cases of severe 'dc-
fluxion to the eyes,' which consisted in incisions
made in the seal)) down to the bone, and tlic in-
sertion of an instrument called a H/mth'ion or hi),
poipathis'ler to enable the intermediate i)arls lo
be divided. The precise character of the opera-
tion is not well described, and it is no longer
known. — Paulus of Ai'^ina,.
HYP08PATIII.STKR, see Hypospathismus.
HYPOSPllAG'MA, from 'vno, 'under.' and
(T0«^a», 'I kill.' The coagulated blood, which is
collected when an animal is killed and used for
food. Also, an effusion of blood, especially under
the conjunctiva. .
IIvi'osi'HAGMA, H^mophthalinia.
HYPOSTAPIIYLK, Staphylocdema.
HYPOSTAPllYLITIS, see Staphylitis.
HY'PO.S'TASIS, from 'vno, 'under,' and cTniri;,
'the act of jdaeing.' A morbid deposition in tiie
body. Sediment.
HYPOSTAT'IC, Hypostfit' icnn, from 'i.ro, 'un-
der,' and araaii, 'stagnation.' Relating to hy-
postases, sediments or depositions.
Hypostatic HYi'EH;t;'MiA. A congestion of
blood in the vessels of a part, caused by its de-
pending position.
HYPOSTEMA, Sediment.
HYPOSTIIENIA, Debility.
HYPOSTIIENIC, Contrastimulant.
HYPOS'TROPIIE, 'vnoaTpo(pr,, 'change of po-
sition,' from 'vno, and arpciliui, 'I turn.' Act of a
patient turning himself. Also, a relapse or return
of a disease. — Hippocrates, Foesius.
HYPOSTYP'TIC, HnjmHiyp'ticiK, from 'wo,
'under,' and o-nn/'i$, 'constriction.' A feeble
astringent.
HYPOSYPH'TLTS, from 'wo, 'under,' and
Sy/ihi/ii. A mild form of syphilis.
HYPOTII'ENAR, A'/(fc'tWr,, frnm 'vno. 'under.'
and Sevap, 'the palm of the hand or sole of the
foot.' Hypothinidr Em'iiieuc.e. The fleshy prujec-
tion of the palmar surface of the hand, which cor-
responds with the little finger, and is supporlid
by the fifth metacarpal heme. This eminence is
formed of four muscles: the Pd-lmnrin Inri-!--,
Adductor seu Flexor brevis iiiiinmi dit/ill, and
OpponeiiH minimi di(/iti. The name Ilypfilhciinr
has also been given to different muscles of the
hand. The I/ypotheiinr miiiiiiii di(/ili of IJiiilan
comprehended the Abductor, Flexor bi-erlH and
OpponaiH mitiimi diijiti ; ;ind his muscle, 7/i/-
piotheiiiir piillicin, corresponded to the Abdiielci-
and a portion of the Flexor brerin p(illlci>:
Winslow called the Adductor minimi diyiti, niiii-
clc petit hypotheiiiir ou hypofhennr dii petit doiifl.
Hyi>othp;nau Minimi Dioiti, Flexor parvus
minimi digiti — h. Minor metaearpeus. Abductor
minimi digiti— h. Riolani, Flexor parvus minimi
digiti.
HYPOTHETON. Suppository.
HYPOTIIYMIAMA, Fumigation.
HYPOTHY.MIASIS, Fumigation.
HYPO'TIUM, (Emplaxtriim;) from '..-:. 'un-
der,'and oij{, 'the ear.' Einplaa'tniin auricula' ri ;
a plaster applied behind or under the ear.
HYPOTROPIIE, Relapse.
HYPOTROPII'IA, Jlypot'rophy, from 'vne,
'under,' and Tpoipn, ' nouri.-hment.' Scanty nour-
ishment or nutrition. Atroitliy.
HYPOTROPIAS.MUS, Relapse.
HYPOTRYGUS, Feculent.
HYPOUCAX-XA, Ipecacuanha.
HYPOUTRION
485
HYSTERO-CYSTOCELE
nYPOUTKION, Abdomen.
llYrOXKMIE, Asphyxia.
HYPOX'YS KREC'TA, Sfnr;fra8s ; from *uto,
•beneiith,' and o(v(, 'sharp,' because the pod is
acute at the base [?] ; indigenous; Order, Auia-
ryllidacea;. The root is eaten, and has been used
as a vulnerary; and in chronic ulcers and agues.
HYPOZO'MA, from 'un-o, 'under,' and ^(owv/it,
'1 bind round;' Membraiia micciu'tjeun. A mem-
brane or septum, as the mediastinum, diaphragm,
&c.
HYPPOCRAS, Claret.
IIYPSKLOIJLOSSUS, Rasio-lossus.
HYPS I LOOKS. OS, Ilvoides 03.
HYPSII,0(11.0SSUS, ilyoglossus.
IIYI'SOXOSIIS, Puna.
llYPSOP110'x\lIS,from'ut;-oj, 'high,'and0uv»;,
'voice.' One who has a clear high voice.
HYPSOSIS, Sublimation.
IIYPTIASMA, Supination.
IIVPTIAS'MOS, from 'uTrna^u), 'I lie with the
face upwards.' Lying in a supine posture. Also,
inversion of the stomach, as in nausea, regurgi-
tation, or vomiting. — Hippocrates, (Jalen.
IIYPU'LUS, from 'vko, and ovXri, 'cicatrix.'
Imperfectly cicatrized.
L'Icerx lii//>ii'/((. Ulcers healed at the top, but
not at the bottom.
lIYRA'CEUiM. A substance found in the
Cape Colony, which Thutiberg and other travel-
lers mistook for a kind of bitumen ; l)ut, accord-
ing to Dr. Pappe, it is obtained from the urine of
the K/i/i(l(is or Hi/rax Udpeimin, which, when
passed, is thick and of a glutinous nature. The
animal is in the habit of evacuating the urine at
one spot, where its acjueous parts evaporate in
the sun — the more tenacious adhering to the
rock and hardening.
In smell, and medical i)roperties, it most re-
sembles castor, which, according to Dr. Pappe, it
may replace. It is used by the Cape farmers in
nervous and spasmodic atfectiims.
IIYRAX CAPKNSIS, see Hyraceum.
IIYRTOCHEILIDES, Labia pudendi.
HYSOI'E, Hyssopus.
HYSSOP, Hyssopus — h. Hedge, Gratiola offi-
cinalis.
HYSSOPI'TES. Ancient name of a wine, of
which hyssop was the chief ingredient, and which
Dioseorides e.\tolled in chronic inflammation of
the chest. It was regarded as diuretic and em-
uienagogne.
IIYSSO'PUS, from the Hebr. Azoh, CawS'olo,
Ifi/xiiijiita iilficiiift'/in, CuiiiiiKiii /ii/snop, (F.) Ili/i'ipe.
It has been chiefly used as an aromatic, stimu-
lant, and pectoral, in the form of infusion.
IIYSTERA, 'varepa, 'vaTipij, 'the uterus.'
Hence :
HvsTKitA, Secundines.
HYSTERAL'lilA, Ifi/s-terodipi'ia, (F.) For-
tniitnre, from 'varipa, 'the uterus,' and a\yos,
'pain.' Pain in the uterus. Irritable iiteriin, (¥.)
Xh'rahjie de I'lileriia. Hippocrates uses the epi-
thet UiiHter(d'<jf>>, vaTtpa\ytii, for any thing that cx-f
cites uterine pain : and, especially, [?] for vinegar.
HvsTi'.itALiJiA CATAratii Ai.i.'^, Metrorrheuma —
h. Galactica, Plilegmatia alba dolens — h. Lochi-
alis, Dyslochia — h. Rheumatica, Metrorrheuma.
HYSTERAPOPNIXIS, Angone.
HYSTERATRE'SIA, Atretome'tria, from
'vttTcpa. 'the uterus,' and arptiTu;, 'imperforate.'
luiperforation of the os uteri.
HYSTERELCO'SIS. from 'varepa, 'uterus,' and
'c\ko(, 'an ulcer.' U'leri exidcera'tio, U'leri ulcus.
Ulceration of the uterus.
HYSTEKELOSIS, Hysteroloxia.
HYSTEREMPHl^SE.MA. Physoraetra.
HY'STE'RIA, //. vqija, Hijiitei-ici»'mua,Uyateris-
mu», Hynterias, Hysieri'aeig, Ifi/Dteropathi'a, Hy-
perclnc'nia ulcri'iia seu hyile'rin. Uteri adxceit'-
mis, Suffovd'tio hyxter'icn seu uteri'iia seu mulie'-
rum, Aatlniia ti'teri, Pra-.focn'tio matri'cis seu
vteri'iia, Syipa'aia hyHterta, Malum hyuter'ivum
sen hynterico-hypoehi,udri'ocum, V'apo'res uteri'ni,
Ajffec'tio seu Puinio hyster'ica, Morbus hysler'icus,
iStrauijidd'tio uteri'nu seu Vulree, Vnpourn, Nijs-
ter'ics, Hysteric fit, Mother, {¥.) Byslerie, Mai
de Mere, Maladie imnyiuuire, Passion hyslerlque.
Suffocation uteriue, £trauf/lemeut, Epihpsie utS-
riue, Vapeurs, Mauj: de Aer/s, from 'varcpa, 'the
uterus.' A species of neurosis, classed amongst
the spasmi by Sauvages and Cullen, and in the
Neuroses de la (jeueration, by Pinel. It received
the name of hysteria, because it was reputed to
have its seat in the uterus. It generally occurs
in paroxysms; the principal characters of which
consist in alternate fits of laughing and crying,
with a sensation as if a ball set out from' the
uterus and ascended towards the stomach, chest,
and neck, producing a sense of strangulation. If
the attack be violent, there is, sometimes, loss of
consciousness (although the presence of conscious-
ness generally distinguishes it from epilepsy) and
convulsions. The duration of the attacks is very
variable. It appears to be dependent upon irre-
gularity of nervous distribution in very impres-
sible persons, and is not confined to the female;
for well-marked cases of hysteria are occasionally
met with in men. During the fit, — dashing cofd
water on the face, stimulants applied to the nose,
or exhibited internally, and antispasmotlics, form
the therapeutical agents. Exercise, tranquillity
of mind, amusing and agreeable occupations con-
stitute the pro|)hylactics. See Mania, dancing.
Hystkuia Catalki'tica, Catalepsy — h. Vaga,
Hysteria.
HYSTERIAS, Hysteria.
HYSTERIASIS, Hvsteria.
HYSTERICA, see Hysterical.
HYSTER'ICAL, Ify'ster'icus, Va'pourish, Va'-
pouring, (F.) Hysteriqne. Same etymon as hys-
terical. Relating to or affected with hysteria.
The word hysterica was used by Martial for a
female affected with nymphomania or with strong
sexual desires.
HYSTERICISMUS, Hysteria.
HYSTERICS, Hysteria.
HYSTERIE, Hysteria.
HYSTERISMUS, Hysteria.
HYSTERITES, Ilydrometra.
IIYSTERITIS, Metritis, Hydrometra.
IIYSTEROCARCINOMA, Metrocarcinoma.
HYSTEROCE'LE, from 'vanpa, 'the womb,'
and Kri\ri, 'hernia.' Metroce'le, J/cr'uia u'teri,
Heruia of the xromb. This is a rare disease. The
womb may protrude through the ijnguinal or the
crural canal, or through the lower part of the
linea alba.
HvsTKROCKLE Ntda, Prolapsus uteri.
HYSTEROCOLICA, Colica uterina.
HYSTEROCNES'MUS. from 'varepa, 'uterus,'
and KVTjciioi, ' itching.' Pruritus of the uterus or
genitals.
HYSTEROCRANIUM, Occiput.
HYSTEROCYESIS, Pregnancy.
HYS'TERO-CYSTIC, hys'terocys'ticus, from
'varepii, 'the uterus,' and Kvari;, 'the bladder.'
Relating to the uterus and bhulder. Some au-
thors have called Jfystero-cystic lit teiitiou of urine,
that which is caused by the compression of the
bladder by the uterus, during pregnane}'.
HYSTERO-CYSTOCE'LE, from 'vcrcpa, 'the
womb,' <fu<TT(f, 'the bladder,' and k/jXi;. 'a tumour.
Hernia of the uterus complicated with displace-
ment of the bladder.
IIYSTERODYNI.V
4 86
I A T R I \ !•:
irVSTRRODYNrA, irvsteral<,na.
IIYSTE1UEI)1;MA, llydromotra.
HYS'T EROID, Hyutero'den, Ilynterot'des, from
'hi/nteria,' and iiioi, 'resemblance.' Resembling
hysteria ; — :i.< a hysteroid disease, symptom, Ac.
HYSTEROL'OGY, Hijfteroloif'ia, from 'varcpa,
'the uterus,' and \oyoi, 'a description.' A trea-
tise on the sound and morbid uterus.
IIYSTKROLOX'IA, Hi/xterelo'sh, OhUq'uitas
seu Situs obli'ijuni uteri, Flexio scu Vemio in-
comple'tii seu Iiicliiia'tio uteri, Metrolox'tn, Me-
trocaiiijm'in, Mttruscolio'ma, Uterus ohli'quus seu
IiicHiin'tiis ; from 'varepa, 'the uterus,' and ^o(os,
'oblique.' An oblique position of the uterus,
cccurrinj; during pregnancy. Anteversion of the
uterus, Hi/nterti/ux'ici anterior, Anteversio scu
Pronii'tio uteri, Venter propeiiileiis ; and Retro-
version of the uterus, Uijsterolox'ia posterior,
Jietrover'sio uteri, Itejiex'io uteri completa, are
varieties.
HYSTEROMALA'CIA, Hysteromnhico'sis, ITij-
steromcilaco' ma, Metromalnco'sis, Met romalaco'ina ,
Malaco'sis uteri, Enn)//it"ies uteri morhosa, Pu-
treecen'tiii u'teri grav'idi, from 'varepa, ' the ute-
rus,' and iiaXaKia, 'softness.' Softness of the
uterus during pregnancy, which renders it liable
to rupture in labour.
IIYSTEROMALACOMA, Ilysteromalacia.
II YSTK ROMANIA, Nymphomania.
IIYSTERO.METER, se'e Sound, uterine.
HYSTEROMOCIILIUM, Lever.
IIYSTERON'CUS, from 'varcfm, 'the uterus,'
and oyKos, 'tumour.' Metron'cus, Jlysterophy'ma,
J/etrophyma, Tumor uteri. A tumour of the
uterus.
IIYSTER0-PARAL'YSIS,//y«<cro;>/c'.7;«,from
'varcfia, 'the uterus,' and TrapaXvois, 'paralysis.'
Paralysis of the uterus.
IIYSTEROPATIII'A, from 'varepa. 'the ute-
rus,'and nadoi, 'suffering.' Disease or suffering
in the uterus. Also, hysteria, and deutero-
pathin.
HY8TER0PIIYMA. Ilysteroncus.
IIYSTKROPIIYSE. Physometra.
HYSTEROPII'YSIS. from 'nort/)-/, 'the ute-
rus,' and 011(7)7. 'wind.' Distension of the uterus
with air; /■Jniphi/se'mn u'teri.
IIY.STEROPLEGIA, Hysteroparalysis.
IIYSTKROPNIX. Angone.
HYSTEROPOIA'PUS, Metropolypus.
IIY8TER0PS0PHIA, Physometra.
IIYSTEROPTO'SIS, from 'varepa, 'the womb,'
and TtTuats, 'fall;' Prolapsus uteri. Also, hiversio
uteri, Anns' '."ophe uteri. In a general sense, a
protrusion of any part of the genital organs or of
excrescences from them into the genital passages •
^i-Stfopto'sis.
lIvsTKHOPTOsis, Prolapsus uteri — h. Va^inie
prolapsus. Prolapsus yagin;e.
IIVSTERORRIIAGIA SANGUINEA, Me-
trorrhagia.
IIYSTERORRIIEXIS, Uterus, rupture of the
IIYSTERORRIICEA, Metrorrhagia — h. Mu-
cosa, Leucorrlioea.
IIYSTEROSALPINX, Tube, Fallopian.
IIYSTEROSCIRRHUS, Metroscirrhus.
IIYS'TEROSCOPE, from •vartpa, 'the uterus,'
and oKOTTcw, 'I view.' A metallic mirror. ummI in
inspecting the state of the os uteri lor thruwiii"
the rays of a taper to the bottom of the speculum
uteri. — Coloinbat de I'l.-ere.
IIYSTEROSPASM'US, from 'vGnpa, 'the
womb,' and aTzaajioi, 'spasm.' Spasm of ihc ute-
rus. Also, hysterical spasm.
IIYSTEROSTOMA, Os uteri.
IIYSTEROSTOMAT'OMUS, from 'vcrtpa.HU
womb,' aropu, 'oritice,' and Tcptvciv, 'to cut.' An
instrument invented by Coutuuly for dividing lliu
OS uteri, when it is important to deliver imuiudi-
ately, as in cases of convulsions.
IIYSTEROSTOMIUM, Os uteri.
HY8TKK()SVNIZESIS, Metrosynizesis.
IIYSTKROTOME, llysterotouius.
IIYSTEROTOM'IA, Hysterot'omy. Same ety-
mon as llysterotomus. CiBsarean section. Also,
dissection of the uterus.
IIYSTHROTOMOTOCIA, Cicsarean section.
IIYSTEROT'OMUS, Hysterotome, Metrol'om.is,
Me'trotome, from 'varepa, 'the womb,' and repvuv,
'to cut.' An instrument for dividing the wuuil)
through the vagina. It is a kind of Bisiouri
cache, and is intended to divide the cervi.\ and
OS uteri, — 1 1 1/ st erostomat.' omns .
IIYSTEROTRISM'US, from 'varepa, 'the
womb,' and T/)(^(i>, 'I gnash.' Spasmodic contrac-
tion of the uterus, esiiccially of its mouth.
HYSTREM I'll YSKMA, Physometra.
IIYSTRIASIS, Ilystriciasis.
IIYSTRId'ASIS, Hystri'asis, Hys'trix, Hys-
tricis'mus, Cerostro'sis, Triclio'sis seto'sii, from
'varpi^, 'uarpt-f^ni, 'a hedgehog or porcupine.' A
disease of the hairs, in which they stand erect
like the quills of the porcujiine.
HYSTHIOISMUS, Ilystriciasis.
HYSTRIX, Ilystriciasis.
IIYVES, Hives.
I.
lA^IA, Medicament.
lAMATOLOGY, Materia mediea.
lAMATOSYXTAXIOLOGIA, see Prescrip-
tion.
lAMATOSYNTAXTS, see Composition.
lAMATOTAXIOLOGIA, see Prescription.
lASiMOS. Curable.
lA.'^I.S. Curation.
lATRRIA, Me.licina.
lATERIUS, Medicinal.
lATRALEIP'TICE, latmllptice (Ars). Fatr*.
Iciptic or fatrali/i'tic method; from larpoi, 'a
physician,' and a>£ii;i.u), 'I anoint.' The method
of treating diseases adopted by the latraleptes, —
that is, by friction chiefly.
lATRALEP'TES, latraleip'tes, latralip'ta,
fTairoleip'teJi, Med'icus Unguenta'rius. One who
treats diseases by unguents, frictions* and by ex-
ternal means generally. Prodicus, a disciple of
.lEsculapius, was the chief of the latraleptes.
lATRAEIPTES, latraleptes.
lATRALIPTICR, latraleiptice.
IATREUSIOLOG"IA, from tarpevaii, 'the ex-
ercise of the art of healing,' and \oyo;, 'a de-
scription.' The doctrine of the exercise of the
healing art. — Reil.
lATREUSIS. The exercise of the healing art.
lATRIA, Medieina.
lATRICE, Medieina.
IATRICU_S, Medical; see Digitus.
lATRI'NE, Medieina. Also, a female practi-
tioner of medicine J a midwife.
lATRION
48'
ICTERUS
lATRT'OX, inTpctov, Intrn'ox, lii'tron, Ii'lri'oii,
Jtteilicdtri'iiu. Tlio house or office of a physician
or surgeon. Also, the physician's fee or hono-
riii'i 11)11.
lATIlOC'IIKMrA. Chymiatria.
lATROCllVMIA, Clivuiiiitria.
IATK()(}N0M'I<'A./.Wr<-7»o,H'>V-e ; from larpo;,
'ii Jihysit-iim,' ami yivijyaKia, 'I know.' A kiiow-
k-tlsje of in('iii(^al ol)jecls. — Ilnfoland.
lATIlOLKIl'TKS, latraleptos.
lATKOIi<J(i"IA, lutruVoijij, from inrcoi;, 'a
physician,' anil \oyo<;. 'ii description.' A treatise
on pliysic and physicians.
lATUOMAN'TIS, from larfwg, 'a physician,'
and navTiia, 'divination.' A pliysician who is a
Bootlisiivcr.
lATUO-MATIIEMATrCAL PHYSICIANS,
Jdli-iiiHiillii'iiiiil' ir!. Mechlin iciil pliysician s.
lA'fKOMKCHAXICI, Mechanical physicians.
lATROX, latrion.
lATRnPlIYSICS, Physics, medical.
lAI'KOS. latins.
lATROSOPlirS'TA.from larpoi, 'a physician,'
and ai>'Pi(jTtii, 'one skilled in an art or science.'
A learned, or thoroughly educated physician.
lATROTKCH'NA, Larotech'nes ; from (arp«s,
' n, (iliysician,' and Tt-j^yri, 'art.' A practical phy-
sician or surgeon.
JATROTKCIINICE. Medicina, Therapeutics.
lATKUS, liitros, Physician; also, a surgeon.
IBHRIS, Lepidiuiu iberis.
lUK'ltlS Ama'ha, Jh'tter cnii(fijt>ift, (F.) PnHSe-
rai/e, from Iberiit, where it is indigenous. A
siiih.ll herbaceous plant, Ord. Cruciferas, indigen-
ous in Europe, which was employed, of old, in
gout, rheumatism, ifcc. The seeds have been
used, in the dose of one to three grains, in asthma,
bronchitis, dropsy, and hypertrophy of the heart.
It is said to possess aero- narcotic properties ; but
it is not much used.
luKUis BiiitsA Pastoius, Thlaspi bursa — i.
Cainpestris, Thlaspi campcstrc — i. Sophia, Car-
daiiiiiie pratensis.
riilCUIRA, Ih'cuibn, Becnihn nur. A species
of nut from Rrazil, the emulsive kernel of which
is r.inked amongst balsamic remedies.
IBIS, ifiii. A bird held sacred by the Egyp-
tians. When sick, it is asserted that it was wont
to inject the water of the Nile into its fundament :
whence, according to Langius, was learned the
use of glysters.
IBISCHA MISMALVA, Altha;a.
IlilSClTS, Altha\i.
IIUXUMA, Sapon.aria.
ICE, Sax. ir, (lln'cies. Frozen tenter, (F.) Glace.
Iced water is much used internally, as the best
refrigerant in fever. It is, also, applied exter-
nally, in cases of external inflammation, as well
as in plirenitic and hernial affections, Ac, in the
form of the ice-cap and ice-cataplanni or ice-j)oul-
tice ; formed by half filling a bladder with
pounded iee.
ICE-CAP, see Ice.
ICE-CO LP, /r.v cold, (F.) Froid glacial. A
very strong morbid sensation of cold, compared
by the patient to that which would be produced
liy the !ip)ilii'ation of pieces of ice.
I<'E-l't)lII/nCE, see Ice.
ICELAND, MINERAL WATERS OF. Hot
springs are found in every part of Iceland. The
most noted of these is one called Geyser, two
days' journey from Ilecla, and near Skalholt.
The diameter of the basin is 59 feet; and the
lieight to which the water is thrown is often more
than 100. The heat of the water is 212°.
ICE PLANT, Mesembryanthemuia erystalli-
nuiu, Monotropa uniflora.
ICMNOS, t;ti'oj. The foot. The sole of the foot.
The heel.
ICIIOR, i^wp, Tchog. The scrum of the blood,
Sanies, Sordei, Virus, Pits niiiliij'iiHm, Tubuni,
A thin, aqueous, and acrid discharge.
ICIIOROIDES, Ichorous.
ICII'OROUS, Ichoro'mis, Ichoroi'dcs, Sanio'-
siis, Sa'uioiis, (F.) Jchorciijc, Sanieux. Belonging
to or resembling ichor.
ICllOS, Ichor.
ICMTHYA, Hook, blunt.
ICIITHYOCOL'LA.from ix^v^, ix^voi, 'a fish,'
and KuWa, 'glue.' CoUa J'is'ciuiii, I'siiKjluss,
Fixh-'jiite, (F.j Mllnjncolle, Culle de Poinxon. A
name given to the dried swimming bladder or
soHiid of Acipeiiser huso, and other species of
aeipenser, which is almost wholly composed of
gelatin, and is employed in medicine in the for-
mation of nutritive jellies. It is, also, occasion-
ally useil in anatomical injections. The Eiifjlish
Court Plaster is made with it. In Russia, the
Aeipenser is not the only genus from which isin-
glass is procured ; it is also obtained from Siln'-
nis Gl((7iis, which Dr. Royle suggests to lie the
source of the SanKiry or Snmovij /siia/lass of com-
merce. The sounds of tlia cod, ling, hake, Ac,
yield it. From these it is made in New England;
and, in England, is termed New York Isiiajlass.
ICIITIIYOPII'AGISTS, Mihi/opl,'n,ji, from
'X^"^' 'X^^'"^' ' "■ '■■■^hj' and (jjayw, ' 1 eat.' People
wiio feed habitually on lish ; — generally the most
uncivilized of mankind.
ICHTHYOPHAGOUS, Piscivorous.
ICHTIl YOSE, Ichthyosis.
ICHTIIYO'SIS. from i^v^j ix^voi, 'a fish,'
from the resemblance of the scales to those of a
fish. Lepid<i'sis, Ichthyi'asis, L. hhtliyo'sis, Le-
pra Mitlii/o'sis, Alvariis nigra (Arab.), Iinpeli'go
cxforticati'ra, (P.) Iclitlnjose ; Fislishiii, Porc\i-
piiie Disease. A permanently harsh, dry, scaly,
and, in some eases, almost horny texture of the
integuments of the body, unconnected with in-
ternal disorder. Willan and Batemaii have two
varieties, J. simp/ex and /. rorvra. Alibcrt has
three, the /. vacree or pearly, the /. coriiee, and
the /. pel lag re or Pellagra.
Ichthyosis Peli-agua, Pellagra.
IcHTIIVOSIS Seba'cEA, Siba'ceoHS Iclillnjo'sis.
A morbid incrustation of a concrete suliaceous
substance upon the surface of the epidermis, con-
founded, according to Mr. E. Wilson, with ich-
thyosis, to which it bears a close resemblance.
In many cases there is neither redness nor heat,
nor is the affection often accompanied by consti-
tutional svmptoms.
ICHTIIYOTOX'ICUM, from ix^v?. tx^vos. 'a
fish,' and tc^ikov, 'a poison;' Icli'tliyus, fish
poison.
ICIITHYUS, Ichthyotoxieum.
I'CICA ARACOUCHI'NI. Amcouchini is a
balsam, extracted by incision from this tree in
Guyana. The Galibis use it for healing wounds.
IcicA IcicAHiBA, SCO Auiyris elemifera.
ICTAR, Vulva.
ICTERE, Icterus — ?. Bleu, Cyanopathy — ?.
des Nouvean-nes, Icterus infantum — i. Noire,
Jlehcna.
ICTERIC, Icterieus.
ICTERIC FEVER, REMITTING, see Re-
lajise.
10T£niClE, Icterus.
ICTERICUS, Antiicteric. Also, relating to, or
rembling Icterus; Ic'teric, Ictero'i'des, Ictero'-
dcs. (F.) Icteriqiie.
ICTERITIA ALBA, Chlorosis— i. Flava, Icte-
rus— i. Rulx-a. Erysipelas — i. Rubra, Erysipelas.
ICTRRODES, Icterieus.
ICTERUS, /. flams seu verus, from <«n?, a
species of weasel, whose eyes are yellow [?]. (Urtpos
meant, with the ancients, a yellow bird, perhaps
the Oriole;) Morhua arctia'tus seu arqua'tu«, Le^e-
ICTODES FCETIDUS
488
[GNATIA AMARA
nJ{ morbus (Paracelsus), Aiirn'tfo, Ami'go, }for-
him regiim seu littc'oliis, Cholelith' t<i icIeniH, Cho-
iilim' mill, Cholee'mid, Chohiphi'nta, Cholo'sis. Der-
vi'itochiilo'«>i, Siiffii'iiio aiiiiyi)io'8(t sou fellln seu
bi/iH, IcteritHt ftava, Il'eiin jhnum seu ivteroides,
CiieJiex'ia icter'ieit, Frllii Hiijf'n'iiio seu i/hstriiv'tio
seu Siiper/n'ttio, Bll'ioiiH JJi/s'crnni/, Jiiundice,
Yellows, Jdiiders, Jaiiiiilers, (Sc.) Giilxrliocli,
(Prov.) Joinis, (F.) Jctere, /clericie, JiiiDiisse,
Bile repaiidiie. A disease, the principal syuiptoui
(if which is yellovTness of the skin and eyes, with
white f;eces and high-coloured urine. It admits
of various causes; in fact, anything which can
directly or indirectly obstruct the course of the
bile, so thiit it is taken into the mass of blood and
produces the yellowness of surface ; — the bile
being separated by the kidneys, causes yellowness
of urine, and its being prevented from reaching the
intestine occasions the pale-coloured ffeces. The
prognosis, in ordinary cases, is favourable ; — when
complicated with hepatic disease, unfavourable.
The treatment is simple : — an emetic or purga-
tive, given occasionally so as to elicit the return
of the bile to its ordinary channels ; light; tonics ;
unirritating diet; cheerful company, <fec.
IcTKiuis Albi's, Chlorosis.
ICTEKtis lNl''AN'TU>f, /. Neounto' rnw, Neotoc-
ict' eruij'ipdict' eni8, Aiiri'r/o nenpliyto' rum, Yellow
yum, Yellow yowii, (F.) Ictere dei iioitvefin-iieH, is a
common affection, and frequently dependent upon
obstruction of the choledoch duct by the meco-
nium. It requires timej and castor oil, occa-
sionally.
ICTEUirs Melas, Slelaena — i. Neonatorum, I.
infantum — i. Niger, Melaena.
IcTKKiis Sati'um'niis, Lead jfiundice. The
earthy-yellow hue in saturnine cachexy.
ICTEUUS Viit'iDis, Green jiinndice. Icterus
when the skin is of a green or olive hue.
ICTODES FCETIDUS, Dracontiura foetidum.
ICTUS. 'A stroke or blow;' Pleije, Plaga.
Iftna hoHh, a stroke of the sun. See Coup de eo-
leil. IctuK, also, means the pulsation of an artery,
and the sting of a bee or other insect.
Ictus, Blow — i. Cordis, see Heart — i. Cordis et
iirteriarum, Pulse — i. Sanguinis, Apoplexy — i.
Soils, Coup de aoleil.
IDE'A, Id'en, Ido'lum, Ideach [? Paracelsus],
(F.) Idee, from ti^u, ' I see.' The image or re-'
presentation of an object in the mind.
Idea, Fi.xed or Phedom'i.nant, Id'ea fxa,
Jileopei/'iiKi. Tension of the inind on one notion ;
often observed in insnnity.
Id'ea Moiibi. Knowledge or idea of a disease.
IDEACH, Idea.
IDEAGENOUS, Sentiment.
IDE'AL, Idea'lii. Mental, notional, fancied.
Morbi idealen. Ideal diseases. Diseases of
the imagination.
IDEA'TION, Tden'tio, from 'idea.' The estab-
lishment of a distinct mental representation or
idea of an object.
IDEE, Idea.
IDEN'TITY (PERSONAL), Tden'tiins, from
idem, ' the snme.' S'lnieuens. It is sometimes a
question in legal medicine to decide upon per-
sonal identity : that is, whether an individusil he
the same he represents himself to be. Physical
marks form the great criteria.
IDEOL'OGY, Ideolo;i"io, from £i(5io, 'I see,'
nnd Aoyof, 'a discourse.' The science of ideas.
Intellec'ual philosophy.
I'DEO-MOTOR. A name given by Dr. Car-
penter to muscular movements, the result of com-
plete engrossment by an iden, which he regards
as automatic, although originating in the cere-
brum.
IDEOPEGMA, Idea, fixed.
IDEOSYXCf/ YSIE, Delirium.
IDIAXtEA. Idiotism.
IDIAPOCAUSIS, Combustion, human.
IDIEMPRKSIS, Combustion, human.
IDIOCRASLS, Idiosyncrasy.
IDIOCTONIA, Suicide.
IDIOCY. Idiotism.
IDIO-MIASMATA, see iMiasm.
IDIOPATIU'A, Idiopathei'u, Protopnthi'a,
Pid'priua affecluH, Morliux idiopiilh' ieua seu pro-
priuv seu prima'riui seu prolopol/i'icun seu ori-
ijinu'lin, M<dum prima' rium,{roin tSto;, ' ])eculiar,
proper,' and vuioi, 'an affection.' A primary
disease; one not de|)eniiing on any other.
IDIOPATiriC, J'ro'prio hab'ilu sen UouKlitu-
tlo'ne pro'piid peudenn, Jdiopnth' icun, Idiop'a-
thea. Primary affections and their symptoms are
so denominated.
IDIOPTCY, Achromatopsia.
IDIOPTS, see Achromatopsia.
IDIOSYNCRASIA, Idiosyncrasy— i. Ilsemor-
rbagica, Ilfematophilia — i. Olfactorin, Parosmia.
IDIOSYN'CRASY, Idioe'rany, Idioayu'cruaia,
Idioayiicra'nia, Idiotrop'ia, Idioe'rasia, Idioayti-
crii'ia, from liios, ' peculiar,' ovv, ' with,' and
Kpaais, ' tempera meiTt.' A peculiarity of consti-
tution, in which one person is affected by an
agent which, in numerous others, would produce
no effect. Thus, shell-fish, bitter almonds, pro-
duce urticaria in some, by virtue of their idiosyn-
crasies. Others faint at the sight of blood, (fee.
ID'IOT, Idio'td, 'foolish, stupid, ignorant.'
Now used for one who is fatuous, or wlio does
not possess sufficient intellectual faculiies for the
social condition, and for preserving himself from
danger, — Homo fat' uiis, (Prov.) Dalvnp. Fondling,
Ilidjbil. In law, one who has been without un-
derstanding from his birth, and whom the law
presumes to be never likely to attain any.
IDIOTFA, Idiotism — i. Endermica, Cretinism.
IDIOT IE, Idiotism.
ID'IOTISM, Idiotia'mua, Idioti'a, Idimw'n,
fmhecil'-lltaa meiilia ; Mo'ria demeua, Aiia'fi, Jlfii'-
ria, Moro'sia, Jfeio'aia, Fatu'itua, Anieu'lia, De-
meu'tia iKitura'lia, Stupid'itaa, Veeor'diu, Iiiihe-
eill'itaa Inr/eu'ii, Id'iory, fd'iotci/, Ftitu'iti/. (F.)
Demence inuie, Idiotiame, fdiolie, Apaychime. —
Piorry. Same etymon. A species of unsound
mind, characterized by more or less complete ob-
literation of the intellectual and moral faculties.
It may supervene on mania and melancholia,
when it is termed Demeu'tiii, but more commonly
it depends upon original conformation. It may
also, be symptomatic of organic disease of the
brain, which has come on after birth. Idiotism
exists in various degrees. Some idiots arc mere
automata, exhibiting scarcely any sensibility to
external impressions ; others are capable of arti-
culating a few words, and possess certain mental
emotions to a limited extent. The jihysiognuiny
is usually vacant, step unsteady, and articulation
imperfect or broken. The affection is almost al-
ways incurable: but it may often be palliated.
IDIOTISM E, Idiotism.
IDIOTISMUS, Idiotism — i. Endemicus, Cre<
tinism.
iniOTROPIA, Idiosyncrasy.
IDOLUM, Hallucination, Idea.
IDROSIS, E|)hidrosis.
lETRION, latrion.
IF, Taxus baccata.
IFFIDES, Plumbi subcarbonas.
IGDE, Mortar.
KJDIS. Mortar.
IGNA'TIA AMA'RA, Strychuoa Ignn'iii, Ig-
vntia'iia Pliilippin'iea. Ord. Apocynaceae. The
systematic name of the plant which affords St.
IgiKitiua'a liean, Fahn In'dic<i seu S'aueti ///»«'-
tii seu febrif'uga, (F.) Ljnatie, Fice dc &iint
IGNATIE
489
ILEX
J'inace, Noix d' ffiannr. The seeds nre bitter and
yioisonous, contiiiiiing strychnin, and only nppciir
l<) (iiffor from mix vomica in containing a hirger
proportiDn of that ali<aloid. I
1(1 X A TIf'J, I;;natia auiara. I
lONAV^IA, Inertia — i. seu I;^navitas partium
genitiilinni. Impotence.
KJNIS, • fire.' Hence:
Jgnis Actualis, Cauterium — i. Animalis, Ani-
ninl heat.
I(!Nis Cai/idus. 'A hot fire.' A violent in-
lliinunation, a))out to degenerate into gangrene.
Ignis ColumklL;!!, Erysipelas.
Ignis Fi{ig"idus. 'A cold fire.' Sphnoelus.
loNis Natuiialis, Animal heat — i. Persicus,
Anthrax, Herpes zoster — i. Philosophicus, Phos-
phorus— i. Potentialis, sec Cauterium — i. Sacer,
Erysipelas, Herpes zoster — i. Sancti Antonii,
Erysipelas.
lasts Sapikn'tium. The ancient name for the
heiit of horses' dung.
Ignis Svlvat'iciis. /. 8>/Iren'tr>s seu volnt'icus
S^eu vdhi'i/riim, Striipli'iilitt nylveii'trin seu volat'-
iciia, WiUljtre rauli, (F.) Feu saiiviuje ou volacje,
Flniiih(il»e. Probably, the Porri'r/o larvd'lis or
Cnii<l(( Idc'teii of infants. Also, a transient red-
ness of the face and neck, sometimes observed in
hysterical and chlorotic females.
Ignis Sylvksthis, I. sylvaticus — i. Vitalis,
Aniiiiiil boat — i. Volagrius, I. sylvaticus — i. Vo-
laticus, I. svlvatieus.
KJNIVOilOUS, Pyrophagus.
KJNYE, Poples.
KiNYS, Poples.
ILAPIIIS, Arctium lappa.
ILEA, Flanks.
ILEAO PASSION, Ileus.
ILEADELPII'US, from i/eitm, 'the ileon,' and
ni5fXi/>o?, ' brother.' A double monster, united at
the pelvis, and below.
ILECII. Y'lech, Ilei'nx. JUa^'ter, Ylix'fer, Eli-
au'ler, [liriit'lnim, 11 ni' art on, llei'dim, Ilei'ndiim,
Ili'iidiis. Terms used by Paracelsus to desig-
nate the first matter: — the beginning of every
thing.
ILEIADOS. Ilech.
ILEIADUM, Ilech.
ILEIAS, Ilech.
ILEIDOS, Ilech.
ILEI'TIS. from Hpiiii), 'the intestine ileum,'
nnd ill's, a snfRx denoting inflauiination. Inflam-
iii:ition of the ileum.
ILEO. In composition, relating or appertain-
ing to the ileum.
IliEO-t'IIOLOSIS, Dinrrhrea, bilious.
Ili'EO-COLIC, Ihovu'UrMs. Relating to the
ileum and colon : — as the ileo-eolic valve or valve
of Bauhin.
ILEO-COLITTS, Enteritis.
ILEOnTCTJDITK. see Typhus.
ITiEO-IiUMBAR.. Uen-Inmha'/i's, lUo-Inmha'ris.
Belonging to the ilinm and lumbar region.
Il.FO-IJiMBAIl AuTKHY, IU(i-l iimhtir orten/, Ili-
nr-n-miiscdiir, (Ch.) is given off by the hypogas-
tric, opposite the base of the sacrum. It ascends
boliind the psoas muscle, nnd divides into two
branches : — an rinceiidiiu/ and a ti-niisverxe, which
give off numerous ramifications to the neighbour-
ing parts.
Il.KO-LnMBAR Lig'AMF.NT. [I io-Ilimhfir or Hio-
liinilio-rir'lehr'i/ /u/iimrut, Vcrlchro-ilinc Ihjnmeut,
is H broad, membraniform, triangular ligament,
extending horizontally from the transverse pro-
cess of the 5th lumbar vertebrffi to the upper and
posterior part of the iliac crest. It unites the
vertebral column with the pelvis.
IL'EON'. fl'eiini, Ei'lcoii, Il'ltim, hitesfi'niim
circumiolii'tiini, from iiXtiv, 'to turn,' 'to twist.'
Anatomists have given this name to the longest
portion of the small intestine, which e.xtend8
from the jejunum to the esecum. It was so
called from its forming a considerable number
of convolutions.
ILEOPYRA, see Typhus.
ILEOSIS, Ileus.
ILEO-TYPHUS, see Typhus.
ILE.S, Flanks.
IL'EUS. Ei'leoH, from tiXtw, 'I twist or con-
tract.' C'o'lica flens seu spiisnind'icu, Eiiterele'sia,
Eiiterel'i'm's, Ileue nponmod'icus, Choidnp'suH,
Pannfo Ill'dtn, Iliac or lle.ac F^iHxiati, Vol'nibis,
Ilei/niH, jUisere'ie mei, Coiiror ndiit, T<irmrii'tum,
Iiilercep'tio Itilestiiiii'rinii, EiiteroHtenit' xis ridvuhm,
(P.) Co/iqiie de Jlinfriconle, C. de ilixei-ere. A
disease, characterized by deep-seated pain of the
abdomen, stercoraceous vomiting, and obstinate
eonsti|)ation. It is occasioned by hernia or other
obstruction to the passage of the faeces through
a part of the intestinal canal, Enterosteiio'sii. The
term Ileus has been applied to various affections
— to simple nervous colic, intu>siisception, and to
strangulation of the small intestine, &c. Various
remedies have been employed; — the umjority for
the purpose of procuring alvine evacuations, — as
purgatives, in draught, pill, or glyster; supposi-
tories, tobacco glysters; pure mercury; leaden
bullets; antispasmodics and narcotics ; blisters
to the epigastrium ; ice by the mouth, or injected
into the rectum. Some of these have, occasion-
ally, succeeded, — especially the tobacco glyster,
and ice to the tumour, where the disease has been
occasioned by strangulated hernia. It is very
dangerous.
Ilkus Flavus, Icterus — i. leteroides, Icterus
— i. Inflamnintorius. Enteritis.
ILEX AQUIFO'LIUM. The systematic name
of the Common Holly, Aquifo'lliim, Aiji-ifo'liiim,
Trpiioi of the ancients [?], (Prov.) Ilollen, (Se.)
Holyn, Holeiie, (F.) Honx, H. commitn ou Chine
vert. Ord. Aquifoliaeeae. The leaves of this
plant have been recommended as tonic, astrin-
gent, and antiseptic, and have been prescribed in
atonic gout, intermittents, dyspepsia, &e. Il'i-
cine, the active principle, has also been advised.
It is obtained by dissolving the alc(diolic extract
of the leaves of the holly in water, and succes-
sively treating it with the subacetate of lead, sul-
phuric acid, and carbonate of lime. The filtered
and evaporated product is then dissolved in aleo-
h(d: nnd the mixture filtered and evaporated in
shallow vessels.
Ilkx Cassinb, Ilex vomitoria.
Ilkx Ma.ior. From the berries of this tree,
called by the Spaniards Bellotns, a juice may be
expressed, which forms a slightly astringent
emulsion with water, and has been recommended
by some Spanish physicians in humid cough, hae-
moptysis. &c.
Ilex Mate, Ilex paraguensis.
Ii>EX Opa'ca. Americfiti Holli/. grows through-
out the Atlantic portion of the United States. It
is said to possess the same properties as the Eu-
ropean variety.
Il,EX PAIiAGt'EN'siS, T7?)»/'»i(OT Iffrii/n'txm seU
CoKsino'i'dex. Caixi'iie Peiii'gitn sou Cnndinid'nti,
T. 3l«te : a native of Paraguiiy. It affords the
celebrated Itfuttee, or Mate, Fidiii Apohichineii seu
Pera'ijnce, which is drunk in place of the Chinese
tea by the people of Paraguay. By M. Lenoble,
of Montevideo, the maff is referred to Paoro'lca
(//)i)idiilo's(t.
Ilex Vomito'riA, /. Cnei'ne, Cunsi'na, Da-
hooH holly, Apalach'iiie Gollis, South-Sea^ Ten,
Er'erqreen Cd^ii'iie, Camee'nn, Yinipon, Yopon,
(F.) The dea Apalachfs, Hour. Apolochiiie. Apd-
lachlne. The de la Mer du Sud. A tree, indige-
nous in the southern parts of the United States.
ILIA
400
ILLI
The lenves, wlien dried, nre aromatic, stimulant,
stomachic, and expectorant, ami are used as a
tea. Wlien fresh, tliey are emetic and cathartic.
ILIA, Flanks.
ILIAC. Ili'urus, ri'la!, (F.) fHaque, from Ilia,
'the flanks.' llelating to, or connected with, the
flanks.
Ii.iAC Artehirs, Arfc'riw ni'ac(p. This term
has l)een j;iven to several arteries. The Priniari/
Ih'fics, (F.) A. Ilinqiies primitives, — Pelvicntnihs,
(Ch.) arise from tlie bifurcation of tlie aorta, op-
posite the body of the 4th lumbar vertebra, and
descend, in a diverjrent manner; until, opj)osite
the saero-iliac symphysis, they divide into two
considerable trunks, — the iiitenial Iliac or hypo-
gastric (which see), and the e.rtcnial Iliac — Por-
tion Iliaqne de la crnrnle. (Ch.) This proceeds
from the sacro-iliac juncture as far as the crural
arch, when it assumes the name Femoral Artery.
Before passini^ under the arch it gives off two
pretty considerable branches, — the E])i</aKtric,
and the Circumjlexa Ilii. This last, which is
called, n\so, •niitrrior Iliac by some anatomists, —
Circnuflex'' cle r Iliiitn (Ch.) ; leaves the external
iliac at the crural arch. It ascends along the
outer edge of the iliacus muscle, and divides into
two branches — an iittenial and an exterval.
The Iliaca luter'nn Minor seu Ilin linnbal'is is
a small artery, which sometimes arises from the
hypogastric; at others, from the beginning of the
gluteal. It is sent, chiefly, to the psoas and ilia-
cus internus muscles.
Ii,lAC CuKST, Crista H'ii, is the upper margin
of the ilium. (F.) Crete Iliaqne. It is very thick,
and curved like the Italic S. It affords attach-
ment to the broad muscles of the abd(unen.
Iliac Foss^. are two in number; the internal,
the depression presented by the ilium on its inte-
rior, and at the upper part in which the Iliaetm
internus is lodged : — and the e.rternal, an e.xcava-
tion on the outer surface of the same bone, occu-
pied by the GlntcBi mnxclen.
Il.IAC MrSri.E. IntKHNAT,. Ili'aeuti internun
JfiiHcle, lliaenH, Iliaco-troehanterien (Ch.); Fe-
mur moven'tinm sep'timns. Iliac mnarle, is situate
in the fossa iliaCa, and at the anterior and supe-
rior part of the thigh. It is broad, radiated, tri-
angular; and is attached, ahore, to the two upper
thirds of the fossa iliaca, and to the internal part
of the iliac crest: — below, it terminates by a ten-
don, which is common to it and the psoas mag-
nus. and is fixed into the lesser trochanter. When
this muscle contracts, it bends the pelvis on the
thigh, and conversely. It is also a rotator of the
thigh outwards, and prevents the trunk from
falling backwards.
Iliac Passiov, Ileus.
Imac Rfgions, liee/io'iiei ili'ac(P, Tnan'ia, are
the sides of the abdomen between the ribs and
the hips.
Iliac SpiNKS, Spinnnn Proc"esiies of tie Ilinm,
are four in number. They are distinguished into
anterior and poaterior. Of the anterior, one is
superior. It bounds the crista ilii anteriorly, and
affords origin to the sartorius muscle. The other
is inferior, and receives the tendinous origin of
the rectus femoris.
The two PoKterior Iliac Spines are divided,
like the anterior, into superior and inferior.
They afford insertion to strong ligaments, which
unite the ilium with the sacrum.
ILIACO-TROCHANTERIEN, Iliacus inter-
nus.
ILIACUS, I. internus — i. Externus, Pyramid-
al ■!!.
ILTADITS, Ilech.
ILIAL. Iliac.
ILIA ST KR, Ilech.
ILIASTRUM, Ilech.
ILTNCO.'^, Vertigo.
ILKJ. In couiposition, relating or apjiertain-
ing to the ilium.
ILIO-AllDOM/XAL, Obliquus internus nbdo-
minis — i. Aponerroni-femoral, Fascia lata nuisclo
— ('. Contal, Quadratus iumhoruiu — /. ('rculi.iiliinl,
Sartorius — i. Femoral, Coxo-feuioral — i. llypo-
gastricus (nervus), Musculo-ciitaiioous nerve, su-
perior— i. Inguinal, Mhs< iilo-culaneoiis nerve,
inferior — t. Ischii-trochanli-rien, (iluticus uiiiii-
mus — i'. Loinho-coHto-ahdominat, OI)li(|uns in-
ternus abdominis — i. Luuihalis, Ileo-luinliar, s'-e
Iliac arteries — ?. Lnmhi-eostal, Quailr.-ilus liinilni.
rum — i. Lumbo-vertebral ligament, Ileo-liunljar-
ligament.
IL'IO-PFCTINE'A, Ileo-pectiueal, belonging
to the ilium and to the pectcn or pubis. '
Ilio Pkctinkal E.minknce is so called from
being formed by the junction of the ramus of ilie
iliuui with that of the pubis. It affords atladi-
ment to the psoas minor.
Ilio-Pkctinka Lin'i'.A, Linea inuomina'ln, is
the projecting line or ridge of the ilium and )iu-
bis, which forms (lart of the brim of the pelvis.
ILIO-PJtFTIIilAL, Sartorius.
Ilio-Psoi'tis, from Ilium, 'the ilion,' </niij,
'the loins,' and itix, denoting iiillainmation. In-
flammation of the ilium and psoas muscle.
ILIO-l'UnO-COSTO-AIiDOMlNAL, Ohli-
quus externus abdominis — ;'. Rotnlien, Rectus fe-
moris— i. Sacral, Sacro-iliac — i. Sacral arti(ula-
tion, Sacro-iliac articulation — i. Saero-fem<irul,
Gluta'us major — i. Scrotal nerve, Musculo-cuta-
neous, superior — i. Trovlianterien, Glutieus iiie-
dius — )■. TroeluDitfrien petit, GlutSDUS minimus.
IL'ION, Il'iurn, Il'eum, Haunch bone. The
largest of the three bones whicli constitute tlie
OS innominatum in the fa'tus and child. It was
probably so called from its seeming to support
the intestine ilion ; or, perhaps, because its crest
is curved upon itself, from tiAtu, ' I twist,' ' I
roll.' This portion of the os innominatum is
usually so called in the adult. The posterior
surface is called Dornum, the internal Venter.
The upper semicircular edge is the Criitn or
Spine, at the anterior part of wiiich is the ante-
rior and Hiijx'rior spinnui proeexn ; and, below,
the anterior and inferior i.],inoun procexn. At tiie
back part of the spine are two KpinouH proeeHKea,
the poHterior and «n]>erior, and posterior and iii-
ferior. See Iliac.
ILITIIY'IA, E(Xa9u(a, Lnci'na, Juno Lneina.
The goddess who presided over parturient fe-
males, with the (Jreeks and Romans.
ILIUM. Ileum, Ilion.
IL'KESTON, MINERAL WATERS OF.
IlKeston is in Derbyshire, England, al)out cigl.t
miles from Nottingham. The water contains
carbonates of lime and soda, chloride of ealcium,
sul)ihate of magnesia, suliihate of soda, carbonic
aciil, sulphohydric acid, and a little iron.
ILL, Sick.
ILLACKY.MATIO. Epiphora.
ILLECEBRA, Sedum — i. Major, Seduin tele-
phium.
ILLECEBRUM POLYfiONOi'DES. Achyran-
thcs repens — i. Vermiculare. Sedum.
ILLEGIT'IMATE, JllerjifimnK. from il, i",
'negati(m or opposition,' and letjitimuK, 'legiti-
mate;' from lex, legis, 'law.' ISastard. That
which is contrary to law: which has not the con-
ditions required by law. as an illegitimate birth
— one out of wedlock ; base-born, lore-brijol, lore-
child.
iLi.fiGTTiMATP. or Bastard is also applied to
diseases— as fevers, vehose progress is anomalous.
See False.
ILLI, see Strabismus.
ILLICIUM ANISATUM
491
IMPETIGO
TLLIC'TUM ANISA'TUM, from illirere. 'to
nllurc' Yellow-Jlinceied Ain'ne, An'!»eed Tree,
Slur Anine, AiiI'huiii uleUtt'tniii seu Siiieii'ie, <S'e-
iiiiii liitdidii, (F.) AfiiH tip. la Chine, A. etoUe,
JhidJnnK. Ord. Magnoliaceic. S<'X. Syxt. Poly-
niiilria PolyKynia. The seeds nre used like the
aniseed. The same tree is supposed to furnish
the aromatic bark, called Cortex Ani'ai Stella'ti,
Cortex LnKoltt.
lUiciuin Anisatum is said to furnish much of
the so called Oil of Anise, used in the United
States.
Il.i.lciuM Fl.oniDA'.vtnr, Florida Anite Tree,
Star Aitixe, Sweet Laurel. An everj^reen shrub,
the bark, leaves, <fec., of which have a spicy odour
like anise, and mi>;ht be used for it.
Il,LirniM I'AUviFNo'niiM, a shrub of the hilly
rei'iiins of Georgia and Carolina, has a flavour
closely resembling that of sassafras root.
ILLIDES, see Strabismus.
ILMNITIO, Inunctiou.
ILLISro, Enlhlasis.
ILLITIO, Inunction.
ILLITUS, Inunction.
ILLNESS, Disease — i. Monthly, see Menses.
ILLOS, Eye, see Strabismus.
ILLO'SIS, Ilo'xin, from iWaq, 'squinting.'
Distortion of the eyes. Strabismus.
ILUJSrO SENSfiS, Hallucination.
ILLUSION, Hallucination.
ILLUTAMENTUxM, see Illutatio.
ILLUTA'TIO, from //, in, 'upon,' and hitnm,
'mud.' A word used, by the ancients, for the
act of covering any i)art of the body with mud, —
illiitaiiieii'liim — with therapeutical views.
ILOSIS, Hlosis.
IM. In composition, generally means the
same as in ; occasionally, however, it has the
]>rivative sense of hh.
I M A G I N A ' T I 0 N, Imaginn'tio, Fifjnra'tin,
Phaotn'xia, Diaiioe'iiia, from iiiiar/o, imnrjinis,
'image.' The faculty of forming in the mind an
assemblage of images and combinations of ideas
which are not always in connexion with external
objects.
IMliALSAMA TION, Embalming.
liMIJECIL'ITY, Imhceil'lilas, Stnpid'itn^, Hc-
betn'do an'inii, Olir/opxifcli' ia, (E.) ImijeeiUile.
Weakness, especially of the intellect; incohe-
rcncy ; Iiiilieell'/itax mctitis.
IMIiECriJJS, Infirm.
IMDECILLITAS INGEXTI, Idiotism, Imbe-
cility— i. Mentis, Idiotism, Imbecility — i. Ven-
triculi. Gastcrasthenia.
IMI5KLLIS AD VENEREM, Frigid.
IMHER'BLS, Imbcr'hna, Ageuei'ox, Apo'gim,
from im, in, 'negation,' and harba, 'beard.' One
devoid of board.
IMIHIHTIO, Absorption, Imbibition.
IMHinrflON, ymt/tfV'f'o, Emp'oxis, Axpira-
tinii, from iinhihere [in, and bibere), ' to drink, to
imbibe.' The action, by which a body becomes
penetrated by a liquid. See Endosmose. Many
of the phenomena of absorption are owing to
imbibition.
Imbibitiov, Dounr.R, Endosmose.
IMBOWELLING. Exentcrismus.
IMBREX NARIUM, Septum narium.
IMBRICARIA SAXATILIS, Lichen saxatilis.
IMMERSUS. Subscapularis muscle.
IM'MINENCE, fmniineu'tia, from intmineo (im,
and mineo), 'to hang over.' Staying over, or
upon ; impending. Some authors have desig-
nated, by this term, the period which precedes
the invasion of a disease ; when certain indica-
tions foretell its approach.
IMMIXESCE MORBIDE, Diathesis, Predis-
position.
IMMISSIO CATHETERIS, Catheterismus.
IMMISSOR, Catheter.
IMMOIJILITAS, Acinesia— i. Pupillse, Amau-
rosis.
IMMODERANTIA, Intemperance.
IMMODE RATIO, Intemperance.
IMMOVABLE APPARATUS, see Apparatus,
immovable.
IMMUTANS, Alterative.
IMPACTED, Wedged.
IMPACTION, Inipnc'tio, from impiinciere (in,
and pant/ere, pactitm, 'to drive in'), 'to strike
against,' ' a c(dlision.' A fracture of the cranium,
ribs, or sternum, with depression of some of the
fragments and projection of others externally.
See Ecpiesma.
IMPA'TIENS BALSAMI'NA, Baham weed,
Touch-me-iiot. Ord. Balsaminacese. This pro-
bably resembles the other species in its pro-
perties.
ImPA'tiENS FuT.VA and I. PAL'LinA, Tonrh-
me-not. Jewel weed. Balsam weed. Slippers, Cel'-
andine, Qnlek-iu-the-liand. Weath'ereoehx, Snap-
weed ; called from the sudden bursting i)f the
pods when touched. Indigenous plants, having
tender, juioy, almost transparent stems, and
yellow flowers, which appear in July and August.
It is found in low, moist ground, in every part of
the Union. The properties are probably the same
as those of
Imi>a'tikns Noli-me-tan'gkde of Europe, which
has an acrid taste, and acts as an emetic, cathar-
tic, and diuretic.
IMPATIENTIA VESICA, Cysterethismus.
IMPEDIMENTUM, Emphragma.
IMI'KIIA TOIRE, Imperatoria.
IMPERATO'RIA, I. Oxlm'thinm, Seli'nnm
ostrit'lliinin sen Tniperato'ria, Anyel'iea offieinn'lis,
Axtrulhium, Oxtrnthinm, Axtran'tia, Mat/ixtritn'-
tia, Masterirort, (old F.) Anxtrnehe, Imperataire.
Ord. Umbelliferte. The roots of this plant were
formerly considered divi'nnm remed'inm. They
are merely aromatic and bitter, and are not used.
Imi'kkatouia Svlvksthis, Angelica sylvestris.
IMPERFORATE, Atretus.
IMPERFORATIO, Iuii>erforation — i. Ani,
Atresia ani adnata. Proctatresia — i. PupillaB,
Synezizis — i. Uteri. Motratresia.
IMPERFORA'TION, from im, ' privative,' ;)pc,
'through,'andyoc(()'e.'to bore.' Imperfnra'lio.Atre'-
sia, Atretis'mns, Cap'etiix. Absence of a natural
aperture ; as, of the mouth, anus, vulva, nostrils,
<fec. It is congenital, being dependent upon faulty
conformation.
IM PERFORATION DE L'AXUS, Atresia
ani adnata.
IMPE'RIAL. A pleasant, cooling drink, formed
of bitartrate of potaxsa. ^^ss; one lemon, cut into
slices; jrhite siiyar, ftss : and water, Oiij. Let
the mixture stand for half an hour, and strain.
IMPETIGINOSITAS, Impetigo.
IMPETIG"INOUS, Impeliyino'xns, (F.) Tmp^.
Ilyincn.r. Same etymon as the next. Having
the nature of, or relating to, impetigo.
IMPETI'GO, from impeto, 'I invade.' Tmpeti-
ginos'itax, Darin, Der'bia, Ini'petns, Peti'go, Ec-
pye'xls sen Plili/xis impeti'tjo. Lepra St/nani-
rno'sa, Running Scall or Tetter, Crnsled, Pnxtnlar
or Humid Tetter or Scall, (^owrap, (F. ) Dartre,
D. criistacee ou croiitense, Lepre hnmide, 3/eli-
tagre. A word used in various acceptations.
With some writers it is synonymous with itch. In
others, it means a variety of herpes. Sauvages
employs it as a generic term, under which he
comprises syphilis, scorbutus, rachitis, elephanti-
asis, the itch, tinea, scrofula, Ac. It forms, also,
a genus in the class CaehexicB of Cullen. In
Bateman, it is the first genus of the 5th order,
PuxtulcE, and is defined — the humid or rnnniuij
tetter; consisting of small pustules, denominated
IMPETUM FACIENS
492
INCISIVE
Pui/dracia. It is unaccompanied by fever; not
contagious, or communicable by inoculation. He
has five species: — tlie /. Jitjitnt'td, I. eparsa,
J. erynipelato'des, I. scab' ida, and /. rodeiis. See
Psoriasis.
lMrr;ri(!0 Excorticativa, Ichthyosis — i. Fi-
gurata, Porrigo lupinosa — i. Pellagra, Pellagra
— i. Ulccratii, Zerna.
I.Ml'KTl'M FACIENS, Enormon.
I.MPKTUS. Impetigo, Paroxysm.
IMl'LACIilXTAL. see Placenta.
IMFLICATIONES RBTICULARES NER-
VORU.M, Ple.\us nervorum.
IMPLIC'ITI MORBI, Implica't! sou compli-
C'l'li Minhi. from im, 'in,' and plico, 'to fold.'
Diseases, which e.xist in an organ ; and produce,
Concurrently, disorders in other organs.
IMPLUVIUM, Embrocation, Bath, shower.
IMPOSTIIUME, Abscess.
IJI'POTENCE, Acrati'a, Impoteii'lia, I. geiie-
raiidi, Atjeiuie'sia, Aijeit' iiesis, Iijuu' via seu Lj-
liiiv'iloH partitim i/exitd'h'itm, (F.) Iiiijxiisnaiice ;
from iiii, 'privative,' and potens, 'able.' Loss of
])ower over one or more of the members. Com-
monly, it means want of sexual vigour; inca-
pacity for copulation ; and chiefly on the part of
the male. Aitys'ia, Asti/ph'ia, Astjno'dia, Adi/-
iinnu'a viri'lis. It has, also, been used synony-
mously with Htcrillfi/. Impotence may be abno-
liite or rc/alire, coiislitiilidiial or local, direct or
indirect. periiKnietit or teniporari/.
liMPOTENTIA, Adynamia, Impotence — i. Ge-
neramli, Iiniiotence.
LMPOV'ERISIIKD, Effe'lnx, Depaitpera'tns,
(F.) Appanrri. 'Having become poor;' origi-
nally from (L.) pniipnr, (F.) pativre, 'poor.' The
Humorists a)iplied this epithet to a humour, de-
prived of a part of its constituents, and particu-
larly to the blood. This fluid was considered to
be impoverished when it was pale, without the
proper consistence, and abounding in serum. It
was, on the contrary, rich, in their opinion, when
of a scarlet colour; possessing consistence; when
it coagulated promptly, and the quantity of
serum, compared with that of the clot, was by no
lueiins considerable.
IMPKiEGXATIO, Fecundation, Pregnancy.
IMPREdNATION, Fecundation, Pregnancy.
IMPRESSIBILITY, see Sensibility— i. Great,
Hyperffisthesis.
IMPKES'SION, Tmpres'sio (in, and premere,
jireH>ii(iii, 'to press'), Pros'bdle, (F.) £>iipreiiite.
A more or less deep indentation which certain
organs seem to make on others. Inequalities
observable on the bones, which appear to be
mnde by the subjacent organs.
Imprks'sioxs Dig"ital, Iiiiprefiii't'iien dlf/ifa'tcB
cra'nii, FoixcB di</ita'/en, are the depressions of
various forms, observable at the inner surface of
the cranium, which look, at first view, as if they
were made with the fingers.
IMPRHSSIONABILITE, see Sensibility.
IMPU'BER, [mpii'bes, Impn'hix. Ane'biix, C<t-
pilla'tiix, from in, 'negation,' a,nil p>d)er, 'at the
age of puberty.' (F.^ Iiiipi(b?.re. One who has
not attained the age of pubertj'.
IMPUBES, Impuber.
IMPUDICUS, see Digitus.
IJf PUISSANCE. Imi.otence.
IMPULSE, DIAS'TOLIC, frnpnl's-is diasfol'-
iriin. Back Htroke of the heart. A jog or stroke
which has been termed the 'back stroke,' felt at
the end of each pulsation, and which would seem
to be owing to the refilling of the ventricles.
iMPn.sK OP THK IIkatjt. scc Heart.
IMPULSION DU C(EUR. see Heart.
I.MPURITATES ALVINiE, Fteces.
INANIA, Iliac regions.
INANITIATED, see Inanitiation.
INANTTIA'TION, L,a,iitia'tio, same etymon
as the next. The act of being e.\|j,ui>l((| for
want of nourishment. One so exllau^ited is said
to be iuauit" loted.
INANIT"ION, Iiia>iit"io, Iiiaii'lidH, from i„a.
iiire, iiiaiiitiiiii, 'to empty.' Ceiio'xiv. Exhaus-
tion for want of nourishment. 'To die from in-
anition is to die from exhaustion.
INAPPETENTIA, Anorexia, Dysorcxia.
INARTICULATIO, Enarthrosis.
INAURA'TION, li„nira'tio, from //i, and an-
rum, 'gold.' The gilding of ]iills or boluses.
INCAXTAMENTUM, Charm.
INCANTA'TION, Ineaula'lio, Imantamen'.
tnm, Ep'ode, from in, and caiitare, cautalidii, 'to
sing,' — for e.xample, a magical song. A mode of
curing diseases by charms, Ac, defended by Para-
celsus, Van Helmont, and others.
INCARCERA'TIO, Chatonncment, Incarcera-
tion— i. Intestinorum interna, Eutereuiphraxis
— i. Intestinorum, Enteroperistole.
INCARCERA'TION, fnvarcera'lio, from i„,
'in,' and career, 'prison.' Hernia is said to be
'incarcerated,' I/enila incarcera'la, when, owing
to constriction about the neck of the hernial sno
or elsewhere, it cannot be reduced with facility.
Incarceration is sometimes used in the same sense
as strangulation.
INCAR'N Al^^S, fiicaninti'vn8,Sareo'tie>is.Slal'.
ticiin, Plerv'tieus, Aiiaplero'tieim, Sareot'ic, from
ill, and earn, eariiis, 'flesh.' Medicines, which
were fancied to promote the regeneration of the
flesh. Certain bandages and sutures have, also,
been so called.
INCARNATIO, Incarnation —i. Unguium,
Onychogryphosis.
INCARNA'TION, lucama'tio, same etymon.
Growth of flesh or granulations.
INCARNATUS, Carneous.
INCEN'DIUM. from iiieendere (in, and can-
dere), ' to burn.' Pijrece'a, TrvpKata, Cauxiii, Plilo-
(ju'xis. A burning fever or any burning heat. —
Incen'diiim febri'te, Ineen'eio. — Willis. Inflam-
mation, Phlegmon.
Incknoium Spontaneihi, Combustion, human.
INCENSIO, Incendium.
INCENTIVUM, Stimulant.
INCERA'TION, Licera'tio, Encero'sis, from
ill. and cera, ' wax.' The act of incorporating
wax with some other body; or, rather, the (>].e-
ration whose object is to communicate to a dry
sul)stance the consistence of wax.
INCERNIC'ULUM, from incernere (in, and
eernere), ' to sift.' A strainer or sieve.
INCESSIO, Bath, half, Semieupium.
INCESSU.S, Walking.
INCIDEN'TIA, from incidere, ineixnm (in, and
cffirfere), 'to cut.' (F.) fncixifs. This name was
formerly given to medicines to which was attri-
buted the property of cutting thick or coagulated
humours. The fixed alkalies, hydrosulphurets
of alkalies, sulphurous water, Ac, were con-
sidered to belong to this class.
INCINERA'TION, Incinera'tio, Ciiierii'lion,
CInefac'tio, from in, and eiiiin, cineris, 'ashes.'
In pharmacy, a process by wiiich animal or vege-
table substances are reduced to ashes.
INCINCTA, Pregnant.
JNVISIFS, Incidentia.
INCISIO, Cut, Incision— i. Simplex, Ilaplolo-
mia.
INCIS'ION, Lieia'io. En'cope, Ineisu'rn, Itici'-
«»«, Tome, (F.) Taillade. Same etymon as Inci-
dentia. A methodical divisiou of soft parts with
a cutting instrument.
INCI'SIVE, Tnciai'viii, Inciao'riun, Fossn iHci'-
si'va seu wyrtifor'niia, is a depression in the supe-
rior ma.xillary bone, above the incisor teeth.
IXCISIVUS MUSCULUS
493
INDEX
TsrisivR Bone, Tntcnnaxillary bone — i. Canal,
Bee I'iiliitine canals.
Incisivk Xkhve, NervuH iiicini'vua. A branch
of tlio inferior dental nerve, which supplies the
incisor teeth.
IscisiVK Trkth, Lici'aor Teeth, Den'tes -inci-
tn'ren seu tniii'icf seu cteiiea seu di'i-hante.'res seu
f/elnni'iii .»eu piiiiio'ren seu rnao'rii. The teeth
which occupy the anterior part of the upper and
lower jaws are so called, because they are used
for ciiltiii;/ the food in the manner of cutting in-
struments. The two middle incisors of the upper
jaw iirc, at times, called /Inttcr teeth.
I\CISIV'i;S (MUSCULUS), Levator labii su-
pcriiiris proprius — i. Inferior, Levator labii infe-
rioris — i. Lateralis et pyramidalis. Levator laliii
superioris alanine nasi — i. Medius, Depressor ala;
nasi.
INCISOR TEETH, Incisive teeth.
INCISO'IIIUM, Toiiii'on. An operating table.
A scalpel.
INCISORIUS^ Incisive.
INCISURA, Echancnire, Incision — i. Crucia-
lis, Crucial Incision — i. Ischiadica Major, Sciatic
notch, greater — i. Ischiadica Minor, Sciatic notch,
lesser — i. Lienalis, Ililus lienalis — i. Renalis,
llilus renalis — i. Scapularis, Notch, scapular —
i. Septi, see Ventricles of the brain.
Incisii'ha Tisa(;"i('A, Ntiteh <if the Concha. A
wide, deep and rounded notch, which separates
the tragus from the antitrasrus.
INCIHURBS DE SANTORINI, Santorini,
fissures of.
INCrSUS, Incision.
INCITARILITY, Irritability.
INCITAMENTUM, Stimulus.
INCITANS, Stimulant.
INCITATIO. Stimulation.
mci'TO-MOTOR, (F.) lucitn-moteiir. An epi-
thet, applied to an action the reverse of exeito-
uiotor: as in the case of muscular motion, which
commences in the nervous centres and excites
the muscles to contraction.
INCLAVATIO, Gomphosis. see Wedged.
INCLENATIO. Decline— i. Coeli, Climate.
INCLUSION, MONSTROSITY BY, Embo'ite-
meat.
INCLUSUS, see Wedged.
INCOCTUS, see Crudity.
INCOIIE'RENCE, Ineohe'rencij, (F.) Anncn-
luthie, Rfiumseyle ; from in, 'negation, co, con,
cum, 'with,' and heerere, 'to stick.' Want of de-
pendence of one part on another. The condition
of the mi'iital manifestations in dementia, Ac.
INCOMPAT'IRLE, from in, 'negation,' and
(lompctere, ' to agree.' A substance, which can-
not be prescribed with another, without inter-
fering with its chemical composition or medicinal
notivitv.
INCONTINEN'TIA, from in, 'negation,' and
conlnien, 'I contain;' Anrpis'chesis. 'Inconti-
nence.' ' Inability to retain the natural evacua-
tion.' Abuse of the pleasures of love.
iNCONTiNKNTrA Alvi, Diarrhoea — i. Urinae,
Enuresis. Scoracrasia.
_ INCORPORA'TION, Tncorpora'tio, Corpora' -
tio, Ensiiinnto'sis, Metengom<ito'nis, from in, and
eorpuK, cor/mrin, ' a body.' An operation, by
which medicines are mixed with soft or liquid
bodies, in order to give them a certain consist-
ence. Also, the thorough admixture of various
substnni'os.
INCRASSAN'TIA, Incrammfi'im, Tnviscan'-
t\n, S/iisHnn'tiii, Erpyc'ticn, Conrhnsan'tia, Pa-
chi/n'ticii, Pi/cnot'icn, Pi/cnicmiis'ticn, from in,
and crasunn. ' thick.' Medicines which were for-
merly believed to possess the power of thickening
the humours, when too thin. All mucilaginous
substances were so regarded.
INCRASSATIVA, Incrnssantia.
IN'CREASE, Incremen'tnm, Au.cis, Aii.re'eis,
from iu, and crearere, ' to grow.' (F.) Aecruiioie-
nieiit. Augmentation of the size or weight of a
body, by the application of new molecules around
those which already exist.
INCREMENTUM, Augmentation, Growth,
Increase.
INCRUCIATIO, Decussation.
INCRUSTA'TION, Incru>'tn'tio, from in, and
cruittt, 'a crust;' Coni'osin. The act of forming
a crust on the surface of a body, as vvell as the
crust itself. Also, the calcareous deposits or
cartilaginous plates, which sometimes form in
organs.
INCUBATIO, Incubation.
INCUBA'TION, Incnho'tio, Invuhifin, Incn'-
hitnn, from incuhdre, iiicnbitnm, (in, and ciihnre,)
'to lie upon.' This word, which is used in natu-
ral history for the sitting of birds upon their
eggs, is employed, figuratively, in medicine, for
the period that elapses between the introduction
of a morbific principle into the animal economy
and the invasion of the disease.
INCUBITIO, Incubation.
INCUBITUS, Incubation.
INCUBO, Incubus.
IN'CUBUS. Same etymon. In'cnho, EpinJ'-
ten, Epliidl'ten, I. n(irtiir'ui(», Ifi/pnuphob'id, Epi-
fep'nid noctiirnri, Anthma noctui'uuin, Pnifpil' inn,
Snc'cuhuH, Oneirorlyn'in grrtoans, Erclhia'mna
oneinxlyn'ia, Noctiir'tia oppren'sio, Epib'o/e, Bn-
hnzica'rliia, Nirjhtmnrc, Wilihtiure, Itlilimj-huij,
(Prov.) mteh-d,ui,ihter, IhUn, (F.) Cimchemnr,
Cnni'.hericille, Covhenuir, Oneiroi.li/nie f/rnvotire.
Same etymon. A sensation of a distressing
weight at the epigastrium during sleep, and of
impossibility of motion, speech, or resjiiration ;
the patient at length awaking in terror, after ex-
treme anxiety. Nightmare is often the cll'ect of
difficult digestion or of an uneasy position of the
body. At other times, it occurs in consequence
of severe emotions. The sensation of sufTocation
was formerly ascribed to the jjerson's being poa-
nenned, and the male spirits were called inrnbes—
the female anccnbeg. The disease requires no
particular treatment. The causes must be avoided.
IxCI'BUS VlGILAN'riUAf, Ephiul'tea riiji/(tn'-
fiitm, E. hi/pochondri'aca, Dayninre. This is ])ro-
dueeil during wakefulness ; the sense of pressure
being severe and extending over the abdomen;
respiration frequent, laborious, and constricted ;
eyes fixed; sighing, deep and violent; intellect,
undisturbed.
INCUNABULA, Swathing clothes.
INCUNEATIO, Gomphosis, see AVedged.
INCU'RABLE, Licnrab'ilia, Eem'edileaa, Irre-
me'diable, Jnnnnab' i/ii, Anid'thes, Anaees'toa,
Athernpeti'tna, froni i)i, negative, and cnro. cure.
Not susceptible of cure ; — applied to both patients
and diseases.
IN CURIA, Acedia.
INCURSUS ARTERIARUM, Pulse.
INCURVATIO. Gryposis.
INCUS, genitive, Incn'dls, (in, and cndo, 'I
hammer,') 'an anvil.' Acmon, Os incn'di sim'ile,
Onaic'n/niH Incndi seu mtdit'ri denti coinpara'tnm,
(¥.) EncJnme. One of the small bones of the
ear, so called from its fancied resemblance to .a
smith's anvil. It is situate in the cavity of the
tympanum, between the malleus and orbiculare.
Its body is articulated with the malleus: its
horizoutai ramus, which is the shortest, corre-
sponds with the entrance of the mastoid cells;
and its vertical ramus is articulated with the os
orbiculare. The incus is composed of a compact
tissue, and is developed from a single point of
ossification.
INDEX, Dig"itua index seu sccun'dus seu «a?M-
INDIAN ARROW WOOD
404
INFANS
tritor'itm, Dfmniintrn'tor, Iiidicn'tor, Tndicalo'riiis,
Li'chonos, iJeic'ticDS, frmn hirlicure. ' to point
out.' The forefinsrer. indox finger. See Digitus.
INDIAN ARROW WOOD, see Euonyiuus —
i. Paint, Hyfiraslis Canadensis — i. Physic, Gille-
nia trifoliata — i. Phj-sic, siuall-flowered, Gillenia
Btipulaeea.
INDIAN SPRINGS, see Georgia, Mineral
waters of.
INDIA'NA, MINERAL WATERS OF. A
medicinal spring, near Jcffcrsonvilie, is much
frequented. Its waters are strongly impregnated
with sulphur and iron.
IN'DICANT, I„'d!can8, Endek'ticoK, (F.) Tn-
di'cntif. Same etymon as index. Any thing
which, in the course of a disease or in what pre-
cedes or accompanies it, concurs in pointing out
the means to be used for its cure.
INDICATJF, Indicant.
IN'DICATING DAYS, Bxen Tu'dicen seu 7»-
dicHto'rii seu Indican'ten seu C<>ntemp!(t>i'les, (F.)
Jours iiulicnteiirs. Hippocrates and others have
thijs called the middle day of the septenary ; be-
cause they imagined, that indications were some-
times given then of tlie crisis which would occur
in the last day of the septenary.
INDICATION, IndU-fi'tio, Acciaa'tin, DtJa'-
lio, Eiidelx'is, Eiidex'in, Ba'ctheinnt' iciim Semei'oii.
The object proposed in the employment of any
means which are had recourse to for the cure of
disease. It may also be defined — the manifesta-
tion afforded by the disease itself of what is pro-
per to be done for its removal.
INDICATOR, Extensor proprius indicis, see
Digitus, and Index.
INDICUM, Indigo.
INDICUS COLOR, Indigo.
INDIGENCE, Want.
INDIG"ENOUS, Ind!()"ena, 'Inborn.' From
■!ndn, obsolete for 'in,' and (/eno, obsolete for
(figiio, 'I generate.' Whatever is native in a
country, in opposition to exotic ; as an indigenous
remedy. iiidif/PiinKs disease, &C.
INDIGESTION, Dyspepsia — i. Alkaline, see
Dvspi'psia — i. Neutral, see Dyspepsia.
"INDIGITATIO, Intussusceptio.
INDIGNABUNDUS, Rectus externus ocuH.
INDKiNATORIUS, Rectus extornus oculi.
IN'DIGO, Indignm, In'dicum. fiidirns color,
Piijmeii'tiiin fii'diciim. A dye-stuff, in small solid
masses, of a deep azure blue colour, and devoid
of smell and taste. It is obtained, by a fermenta-
tive process, from Tndigofem miil, (/. suffrufi-
co'sa,) f. argen'tea, (I. arlicidii'tii seu liiirto'n'rt
seu glau'en seu colora'ta,) and /. tiiicto'ria seu
Ju'diea, and is sometimes used by the apothe-
cary for colouring certain preparations. It has
likewise been administered internally, of late, in
Fpasmodic diseases, especially in epilepsy. The
dose may be at first grains, but it; may be ele-
vated to drachms.
Indigo, False, (Tall Wiiitk,) see Sophora
tinctoria.
INDIGO, FAUX, Galega oflleinalis— i. Weed,
Sophora tinctoria.
Indigo, Wild, Sophora tinctoria — i. Yellow,
Sophora tinctoria.
INDIGOFERA, see Indigo, Sophora tinctoria.
INDIGUM. Indigo.
INDISPOSrT"ION, ^Ma disposit"io, Dys-
phor'ia, (F.) Malaise. From in, 'negation,' and
dispimere, disposition, 'to put in order.' A
plight functional disturbance, which may scarcely
bear the name of disease. A feeling of sickness —
ecnsHscpgritu'dinis ; vulgarly an alt-overish feeling.
IN'DOLENT, Iii'doleiis. from in, privative, and
rfo^ere, 'tobe in pain.' Exhibiting little or no
])ain. An epithet particularly applied to certain
tumours.
INDOLENTIA, Anodynin.
IN'DOLES. A natural disposition or clinrncter.
IxDOLKS A.n'i.mi. The natural disjiositioii or
character of mind.
Indolks MoiiUi. The nature or character of a
disease.
IND0.«:YNCL0NUS, Beriberi.
INDIJC'TIO, Apngo'gr, from indiwcre, (in,
and dncere, dnrtnm, 'to lead.') A word u.<ed es-
pecially for the action of extending a plaster upun
linen.
INDUCULA, Waistcoat, strait.
INDUMENTUM CORDIS, IVricnnliiim — i.
Nervorum, Ncurileniuia — i. N'entriculoruni, Kpcu-
djina ventriculoruin.
INDU'RANS, ((■;( and dnms, 'herd.') AVe-
rot'icHH, Sclernn'licus, Sclerijii'llrns. A inedifine
which hardens the parts to which is ap]iiied.
INDURATIO, Induration — i. Intestinorutii,
Enteropathia cancerosa — i. Maligna, Scirrhus —
i. Renuni, Nephrosclcria — i. TeliK cellulosa; neo-
natorum, see Induration — i. Ventriculi scirrhosn,
Gastroscirrhus.
INDURA'TION, Tndura'tio, Sderys'ma, Sclc-
ri/s'iniis. Callus' iliis, fndnrescen'lia, I'oro'mn, I'u-
ro'sis, (F.) Endiircissenient. The hardness which
supervenes, occasionally, in an inflamed part. It
is one of the terminations of inflanimntion, and is
owing to a cliange in the nutrition of the part.
Iniuiuation op tiik Ann'oLAR or Cklldlar
Tissue, Indura'tio cellnlo'sa, Indiiratio seu Op-
pi/a'tio ttlcp. ccUulo'scp, nconalo'rnni, Eflniiy/jJinli/-
lo'sis, G'Jde'nia neonalo'rnm, Compact (Edc'inn of
fnfants, Cat'ochns In/an'tnm, Sclere'mia, Srleie'-
ina, Sclero'nia, Schroder' ma, Cutis tciisa chron'-
ica. Derma toper i sclera' sis, Derinoioperisclcrys-
tnus, Halonii'tis, Plilcgmasia celliila'ris, Scirrho-
siir'ca iieonato'rnm, Scleri'asis neonoto' mm, Scle-
ro'sis, Stipa'tio tela celhilo'scE Infoutiim, Sl'in-
bonnd Disease, Skiii-bi)id, Skin-tight, Hidchoiiiid,
(F.) Endnrcissement dn tissn cellidoire ; (Edciiie
dn tissn cellnlaire des nonveau-nes, Aspiiyxie hnile
dcs uouvean-nes, is a disease which attacks infants
a few days after birth, and which Chaiissior pro-
l)osed to call Sclereme, from aKXripui, ' hard.'
The Induration of tlie areolar tissue of tiic adult,
Sclerosteno'sis cnla'nca, has been regariled as the
result of intlamniation of the coriuni, Chorioni'tis.
I.NDiT RATION OF TUB Hkain, Sclcrenceplialiu —
i. Grise, sec Ilefiatization.
INDURESCENTIA, Induration.
INDU'SIUM, Chitonis'cos. Strictly, 'a shirt.'
'a small tunic' Some have so called the amnion.
INE'BRIANT, Ine'hrians, I'hantas'ticns; from
//land ehrio,'^ intoxicate.' Intoxicating. An
agent that intoxicates.
INEBRIATION, Temulentia.
INEfiHIATIOX QUJNIQUE, Quininism.
INEDIA, Fasting.
INER'TIA, from in, 'negation,' and ars,nrtis,
'art,' Igiia' via, Encr' vitas. Sluggisliness, in-
activity.
Inkei'ttA of thf; Womu, (F.) fnertie de la nin-
trice. The diminution and even total cessation
of the contractions of the uterus during lahniir;
as well as the species of languor into which it
sometimes falls after the expulsion of the foetus.
IN Ell TIE PAR E r VISE ME NT, s^di V:\TlM-
rition — i. de la Matrice, Inertia of the womb.
INESrS. Cenosis.
INETIIMOS. Cenosis.
IN EXTREMIS, Psychorage.'..
IN'FANCY, Infan'tilt, from i'/<, ' negation,' and
fans, from /'/)•/, 'to speak.' Early childhood.
Childhood; Ni'piotcs, Paid i' a. (F.) Kufance. It
generally includes the age from birth till the
seventh year. See Age.
INFANS, Pai'diou, Nc'j-ios, (Sc.) Oaitling,
INFANTIA
495
INFLAMMATION
OytUng, (Old Eng. and Prov.) Barn; (Sc.)
litiini, (F.) Eiifiiiti. An inf:int, a biiby, a chiM,
one in infancy. In law, one who has not attained
the age of lej:;al capacity ; which is, in general,
fixed at twenty-one years.
InI'ANS IIKCKNS NATUS, NoHveaH-iie.
INKANTIA, Infancy.
INFAN'TICIUE, fnf/intici'dinm, Ticnoctou' in,
Child-niiirihr, from iiifans, 'a chthi,' and cmdere,
'to kill.' The murder of a child newly born, or
on the point of being born. It may be jicrpe-
tratcd by the mother, or by some other person,
either by coiiuiiiugion, that is, in consequence of a
direct voluntary act ; — or by nmiHxioii of those
cares which are necessary for the preservation of
the new-born.
IXFARCTIO, Emphraxis.
INFARCTIOX, Emphraxis.
INFARCTUS, from in, and farcire, fnrctum,
' to stuff.' Emphraxis.
Inkakctus Intestixouum, Enteremphraxis — i.
lIa;inoptoicus Laennecii, see Hiemoptysis — i.
Lactei extreraitatum, Phlogmatia dolens — i. Lie-
nis, Splenoncus.
Inkauo'tiis MamM/E Lac'tkus, Lnclin coticre-
ti'o'iics, No(U seu Thrombi hivtei, Trichi'tmia lac-
trri. Knotty tumours of the female mnminiE,
owing to the accumulation and arrest of milk in
the galactophorous ducts.
iNFAitCTiis Utkhi, Metremphraxis.
INFECTIO PURUIvENTA, see Pyohaemia.
INFECTION, see Contagion.
INFECTIOUS, see Contagious.
INFECUNDITY, Sterility.
INFECUNDUS, Sterile.
INFER'NAL, Infer' nnx ; 'relating to hell.' A
name applied to caustic — Lapis In/cnni'lis — on
uccnunt of its strong burning properties.
INFIBULA'TIO! Fihula'iio, r,>jib„l<,'tio„. A„c-
teridn'miiH ; from fibula, 'a clasp.' (F.) Boitch-
meiil. An operation, formerly practised, which
consisted in passing a ring through the prepuce,
after having drawn it over the gians ; — in order
to prevent coition. The ancients employed infi-
Inilation with their gladiators to preserve all
tiieir strength by depriving them of vencry. In
the women, to preserve their chastity, the ring
was passed through the laliia majora.
INFILTRATION, Lfiltra'tio. from filtrare,
'to filter.' Effusion. The passage or etVusion of
n 8uid into the areoliB of any texture, and par-
ticularly of the areolar membrane. The fluid
efiused is ordinarily the Liqunr sani/itiiiio, sound
or altered — sometimes blood or pus, fiBces, or
urine. When infiltration of a serous fluid is
general, it constitutes anasarca ; when local,
udema,
INFILTRATION PURVLENTE, see Ilcpa-
tiz.iition.
INFINITES'IMAL. InfinHen'imus, from in,
and fi nil Id, ' jiuuted.' Unlimited. An epithet em-
ployed by the homoeopathists for their endless
nubdivisions of drugs : — the decillionth of a grain,
for example, is *'an infinitesininl dose."
IXFf-RM, Infinn'ns, Imbe'vi/lis, Deb'ilis, Ai'-
theuen, Hi/poe' rates, from in, negative, and^cwiiis,
'tiriii.' Not firm or sound : weak; feeble.
INFIRMARIII.M, Hospital.
IXFIRMAHY, Hospital.
IXF[R.MATORri'M. Hospital.
INFIRM I Ell ( F.). from injimius, (in, negative,
nmi firnini.) Infirmn'rinK, Noiac'amnit, Cnrn'tar
infii-mii'rnm. One employed in nn hospital or in-
firtnirv to take care of the sick.
INFIRM'ITY, fnfirm'it'iH, Aitheni'n, Arrhns'-
tin, fiiv'i/etii'dn. Any disease which has become
hnliitual, either owing to its chronic character,
or it.« iiumeniiis relapses.
LVFLA'MKD, (Old Eng.) FLiincd, fnjUmma'-
tns, CF.) Enflamme, PJiloyos^, — Phlnr/o'iied, ac-
cording to some. Same etymon as inflammation.
Afl'ected with inflammation.
INFLAMMABLE AIR, Hydrogen, carbu-
retted.
INFLAMMATIO, Inflammation, Phlegmon—
i. Abdominalis, Encoelitis — i. Articuli Maxillaj
Inferioris, Hyposiagonartliritis — i. Auris, Otitis —
i. Bronchiorum, Bronchitis — i. Caci, Tyjdilo-en-
teritis — i. Capsula; lentis, Phacoliymeniiis — i. Ce-
rebelli, Cerebellitis — i. Clitoridis, Nymphitis — i.
Conjunctivae, see Ophthalmia — i. Corneic, Cera-
titis — i. Coxae, Osphyitis — i. Crouposa. Crcmpy
inflammation — i. Cystidis fellefc, Cholecystitis —
i. Debilis, see Inflammation — i. Epiglottidis,
Epiglottitis — i. Erysipelatosa, Erysipelatous in-
flammation— i. Faucium, Cynanche, Isthmitis — i.
(Jastritis, Gastritis — i. Gena;, Gnathitis — i. Gense,
Melitis — i. Gingivae, Ulitis — i. Glandularuin lym-
phaticarum, Hydradenitis — i. (illandularum lym-
|')h!iticarum, Lymphadenitis — i. Glandularum sub-
lingual! urn, llyy)oglossiadenitis — i. (julaj, Oesopha-
gitis— i. Hepatis, Hepatitis — i. Hepatis lenta, He-
patitis (chronic)— i. Interna, lOmpresnia — i. Intes-
tinorum. Enteritis — i. Iridis, Iritis — i. Jecoris, He-
patitis— i Laryngis, T>nryngitis — i. Lienis, Spleni-
tis— i. Ligamentoruui, Syndesmilis — i. Linguae,
Glossitis — i. Mediastini, Mesodmitis — i. MeduUae
Spinalis, Myelitis — i. Musculi psoas. Psoitis — i.
Jlnsculoruin, Myositis — i. Musculorum abdorai-
nalium, Myocoeliitis — i. Nervorum, Neuritis — i.
Oculorum, 0])bthalmia — i. Qilso[ihMgi, Q-jsophagi-
tis — i. Omenti, Epiploitis — i. Ossis, Ostalgitis — i.
Ovarii, Oaritis — i. Palati, Hyperoitis — i. Pancre-
atis. Pancreatitis — i. Parenchymatica, Parenchy-
malitis — i. Parotidum, Parotitis, Cynanche i>aro-
tidiva — i. Pectoris acuta, Pneumonia — i. Pera-
cuta. Hyperphlogosis, Ilyperphlegmasia — i. Peri-
cardii,. Pericarditis — i. Periostei, Periostitis — i.
Periostei orbitse, Periorbitis — i. Peritonici, Peri-
tonitis— i. Pharyngis, Cynanche pharyngea — i.
Phrenitis, Phrenitis — i. Pleursc, Pleurilis — i.
Pncumonica. Pneumonia — i. Pulmonum, Pneu-
m(mia — i. Renum, Nephritis — i. Renum suc-
centuriatorum. Paranephritis — i. Retinae, Dictyi-
tis, Retinitis — i. Scleroticae, Sclerotitis — i. Scroti,
(Tscbitis — i. Septi transversi, Diaphragmitis — i.
Sinuiim frontalium, Metopantritis — i. Stomachi,
Gastritis — i. Superficiei internae cordis, Endocar-
ditis— i. Telae cellulosii?, Ethmyphytis — i. Telio
fibrosoe, Inohymenitis — i. Testium, Hernia hu-
mor.alis — i. Tonsillarum. Cynanche tonsillaris — i.
Tunicas hyaloideae, Hyalitis — i. Tympani, Tym-
panitis— i. UrethriC, Gonorrhoea — i. Uteri, Me-
tritis— i. Uteri catarrhalis, see Metritis — i. Uteri
et Peritonsti, Metroperitonitis — i. Uvulae, Uvnli-
tis — i. Vasorum, Angcitis — i. Vasnrum lymphati-
corum, Angeioleucitis — i. Ventriculi, Gastritis — i.
Ventriculi et intestinorum, Giistro-enteritis — i.
Vesicav Ovstitis — i. ^'esici^> fellea". Cholecvstitis.
IXFLAM.MA'TION, /n/Iammo'tio, from til,
nnt\ fianiina, 'flame,' ' fire :' Pli/t;/'iiione, Pli/ogo'.
sis, Ecj>lil<ii/<)'sls, E))i/>li/c//"ia, E.iap'sis, Plihg-
mti'sia, Caiiso'ma, Enipres'nia, P]ih>'ijin, Ilyprren-
dosmnse (Dntro(-het), Incen'dinm. Ni/perh(rniatn'-
sis, Hi/p/.ite'niin acti'va, Ph/nbup/eru'sis ecplirni:'-
tif'i, CF.) A»f/ii'tp, is so oalle.l in consequence of
the acute or iMirning pain felt in a part affected
with it. An irritation in a part of the body is oc-
casioned by some stimulus : ^-owing to whidi the
blood flows into the capillary vessels in gre.-iter
abundance than natural, and those vessels become
over-dilated and enfeebled; whence result pain,
redness, heat, tension, and swelling; symptoms
which appear in greater or less severity, accord-
ing to the structure, vital properties, and func-
tions of the part afl'ected, and its connexion with
other parts, as well as according to the constitu-
tion of the iudividuiil.
IXFLAMMATIOX DBS AMTGDALES -iOQ
I N F L U E N Z 0 1 D
Simple accumulation of blond in the capillaries
of the part is hi/pfriemin, not inflammation. The
latter requires, in addition, altered nutrition
either of the vessels themselves, or of the sur-
rounding tissues, or of both.
The inflammations of the areolar and serous
membranes greatly .agree; — and those of the
mucims and skin ; the former being more active,
and constituting the plilegmniiniis vnriety: — the
latter, the erytheiiuitic or eryitipchitoin^. Of this
variety is the diffiinive ixflannmition produced by
morbid poisons, — as during dissection, where so-
lutions of continuity exist on the fingers of the
operator. It is seen, too, in workers in bone, and
hence has been called hone fever. Preparatory to
the turning of bones, it is customary to macerate
them in water. The fluid soon becomes putrid,
and if the hands be kept in it diffusive inflam-
mation results. Inflammation may end by reso-
lution, suppuration, gangrene, adhesion, eflfusinn,
or induration. Each of the inflammations of in-
ternal organs has received a name according to
the organ affected; — as, gastritis, cephnh'tis, en-
teritis, liepiititie, &fC. Besides the above inflam-
mations, it has been considered, that there is an
instinctive kind established for the union of parts
which have been divided, whether the union
takes place immedinleiy, or by the aid of an in-
termediate body. This is the adhesive iuflam-
matioii of some ; but it may well be questioned
whether inflammation is ever desirable in such
cases. See Adhesion, Callus, Cicatrix. Brous-
eais considered that the term inflammation should
include every local exaltation of the organic
movements which is sufficiently great to disturb
the harmony of the functions, and disorganize
the texture in which it is situate. He farther
extended the name inflammation to irritations
which do not induce disorganization of the tex-
tures, and which had been previously, and are
still, called /eye;-*.
Examination of the blood drawn always exhi-
bits an increase of the fibrinous elements — the
average proportion of which, in healthy blood, is
about three in the thousand. In inflammation, it
at times rises as high as ten. In fevers unaccom-
panied with inflammation, the proportion is natu-
ral, or below the average; but whenever inflam-
mation supervenes, it immediately rises.
External inflammation is easily detected bj' the
characters already mentioned : — internal, by dis-
turbance of function and pain upon pressure; but
the last sign is often not available. Both forms
require tlie removal of all irritation, and the re-
duction of vascular excitement and nervous irri-
tability : hence, blood-letting — local and general
■ — sedatives, refrigerants, and counter-irritants
become valuable remedies in almost all cases of
inflammation.
Inflammation is not always of the active kind.
There is a form , fnflamma' tio deh'ilis, which occurs
in low ccmditions of the system, and in broken
down constitutions, which, like many forms of
chronic inflammation, requires a stimulant, rather
than a sedative, mode of treatment.
INFLAMMATION DBS AMYG DALES,
Cynanche tonsillaris — ?". des Arttres, Arteritis —
i. of the Bladder. Cystitis — ?. de la Bonvhe, Sto-
matitis— i. des Bronehes, Bronchitis — i. dn C(e-
cum, Typhlo-enteritis — i. of the Ca;cura, Typhlo-
enteritis — )'. dn Cerveau et dii Cervelet, Phrenitis
— ?. dn Cd'iir, Carditis — /. du Colon, Colitis — ?. de
la Conjuiictire, see Ophthalmia — i. of the Dia-
phragm, Biaphragmitis — i. Diffusive, see Inflam-
mation— i. Diphtheritic, Diphtheritis — i. of the
Ear, Otitis — )', de VEpirflotte, Epiglottitis — i. de
I'Eetomac, Gastritis — i. of the Eye, Oyihtbalmia —
i. du Foie. Hepatitis — /. des Gencives. Ulitis — i.
General, Synocha — i. of the luternal Membrane
of the Heart, Endocarditis — i. Internal, Empros-
ma — ?'. drs Intcstins, Enteritis — i. of the Iris, Iri-
tis — i. of the Kidney, Nephritis — i.de la Langne,
Glossitis — i. of the Larynx, Laryngitis — i. of the
Liver, Hepatitis — /. de la Lnelte, Uvulitis — i, nf
the Lungs. Pneumonia — i. of the Malpighian Bo-
dies, Kidney, Bright's disease of the — i. des Mn.
me.lles, Mastitis — i. de la Matriee, Metritis — i. dc
la Membrane alreolo-denlaire. Periodontitis — /.
de la. Meiidirane si'rense e^jihalo-raehidieiiiie, Me-
ningitis— i. of the Mesentery, Mesentcritis — j. de
la Moelle epiiiiere ou raehidietine, Myelitis — i,
of the Mo\Uh, pseudo-membranous, Stomatitis,
pseudo-membranous — i. of the Mouth, pultaceous,
Aphthae — i. des Muscles, Myositis — i. des Nerfs,
Neuritis — i. de I'dJil, Ophthalmia — /. de I'Oreiilc,
Otitis—/, de I'Ovaire, Oaritis — i. du Palais, Ily.
peroitis — i. dn PareiicJiyme pidmonaire. Pneumo-
nia— i. de la Parotide, Cynanche parotidsea — i.
Pellicular, Diphtheritis — i. du Pericarde, Pe-
ricarditis — i. of the Pericardium. Pericarditis
— i. du Peritoine, Peritonitis — i. of the Perito-
naeum, Peritonitis — i. of the Pleura, Pleuritis —
i. de la Plevre, Pleuritis — i. des Ponnions,
Pneumonia—?', du Musele psoas. Psoitis — i. de la
Hate, Splenitis — i. des Reins, Nephritis— =i. Spon-
goid, Heematodes Fungus, see also Eiicephaloid —
i. of the Stomach, Gastritis — i. de la Testicidc,
Hernia hunioralis — i. of the Testicle, Hernia hu-
moralis — i. des Tissus hlancs, Angeiolcucitis — i.
of the Tongue, Glossitis — i. des Vaisseanx Lym-
pkatiques, Angeiolcucitis — i. des Veiiies, Phlebi-
tis— /. de la Vesicule du Fiel, Cholecystitis — i.d$
la Vessie, Cystitis — i. of the Womb, Metritis.
INFLAMMATIUN'CULA, Snbinflamma'tin.
A superficial and often insignificant inflamma-
tion of the skin, as in many cutaneous alTections.
mFJjAM'MATOUY, Inflammafo'rius ; PIdog".
icus, PJilogo'des, Phlogis'ticus, Phlogis'tie, belong-
ing to inflammation ; — as, inflammatory tumour,
inflammatory fever, <fec. The blood is said to be
inflammatory when cupped or bufi'ed. See Co-
rium phlogisticum.
INFLAMMATORY BLUSH, Erythema.
INFLAMMATVS, Inflamed.
INFLATIO, Emphysema, Puffiness, Colica
flatulenta — i. Parotidum, Cynanche parotidaja —
i. Uteri, Physometra.
INFLEXIO, Campsis.
INFLUENCE, Influenza.
INFLUENTIA, Influenza.
INFLUENZA. The Italian for 'Influence'
Influenza Europm'a, Influen'tia, Catnr' rhns epi-
dem'icus, C. a conta'gio, Fehris eatarrha'lis epi-
dem'ica, lihewna epidem'icum, 3lorhus Verveci'-
nns seu Catarrha'lis seu Arie'tis, Syn'ochns seu
Deflux'io catarrha'lis, Cephalal'gia eontagin'ia
(epidemics of the ICth and 17th centuries): (F.)
T(rc, Quinte, Florion, Goquehtche, Baraqnette, Gf-
n6rale. Grippe, Follette, Grenade. Coquette, Co-
eote. Petite Paste, Petit Courier, Allure, Liahndu,
Fievre catarrhale epidenrique ; Iiiflueii<-e, Epide-
mic catarrh. A severe form of catarrh occurring
epidemically, and generally affecting a nunihcr
of persons in a community. See Catarrh, epidc-
niic. Gluge, from his investigations considers
that the following is the chronological order of
the return of the influenza: — 14th century. V,2''>, ,
1326— 15th century. 1410, 1411, 1414— Ifith cen-
tury, 1510, 1567, ']5f)2. 1674. 16S0, and 169."? —
17th century, ]fi68, 1069, 1675, 169.",— ISth ccn-
tury, ]70S,'l712. 1729, 17.32, 1733, 1712. 1743.
1761, 1762, and 1775— 19th century, LMiO, 1803,
1831, and 1833. To these maybe added 1837,
and 1843.
Infltenza EiTnoPvT;A, Influenza.
INFLUEN'ZOiD, Lifluenzot'des. An expre.'P-
ive but hybridous compound: from influenza, aui.
I N F 0 ini I T A S
497
INFUSUM
•lioj. ' resemblance.' Resembling influenza. — Dr.
T. 'I'honifison.
INFORM ITAS, Deformation.
IN'FOKTL'XIUM, Contrafi.xsiira.
INKRA-ATLOID.EUS, 8ub-atloiflaeus.
INFRA-AXOID/EUS, Sub-axoi.ifeu.s.
INFRA-COSTAIiES, see Intercostal muscles.
IN FRA-M AXILLARIS, Sub-mnxiliary.
INFRAMAXILLOSTERNODYMIA, Cepha-
losomatoilyniia.
INFRA-0RI5ITAR, Sub-orbitar.
INFRAPUBIAN LKJAMENT, Triangular li-
gament.
INFRA-SCAPULARIS, Subscapnlaris.
INFRA-SPIN AlilS, Infra-spinatus.
INFRA-SPINA'TUS, Tnfmxphm'lix, from in-
fra, ' beneath,' and spi'ua, ' spine.' Situate be-
neath the .«pine of the scapula.
Infua-Simn,v'ta Fossa, (F.) FnHfe /tnns-epi-
nevHe,. A large excavation on the posterior surface
of the scapula, beneath its spine. It is filled by the
Inpiia-Spinati S Jfimde, Grnvd Scapuht trn-
chiti'rio), Siiperncnpula'riH hifcrior (Ch.), (F."l
SouH-(phuur,vi\\\(i\\ is broad, flat, and triangular.
It is attached, by its base, to the three inner
quarters of the fo.isa ; and is inserted, by a long
tendon, into the middle part of the great tubero-
sity of the OS humeri ( Trnch'iter). It turns the
arm outwards, and, when the arm is elevated,
carries it backwards.
INFRINGENS, Corrigent.
INFUNDIB'ULUM. (»», and fmuhre, f,iRvm,
'to pour out.') A FlDinel, Trito'riioii, Cliori'ue,
Chontis, (F.) Eiitotnioir, — of which various kinds
are employed in pharmaceutical operations. A
name, given to many parts which, more or less,
resemble a funnel. See I'roventriculus. It is par-
ticularly appropriated to the follo\vin<j orfrans: —
iNFl'NDIB'ui.nM OF TOK, ]!uAI\. Iiifinid ih' ill mil
seu PiflviK seu Vhnd'nn seu ('ij'iitJiiin seu Scy/ihim
sen Concha seu-Z/f(fii'»(T seu Eiu'Liilum seu Aipice-
dlic'lim seu Lahnim seu Ciiiirtn/itax conr/iii/n'ris
sen Procenxim orhiriihi'n's Cer'ehri, (F.) Eiitoii-
riDir (til veiitrlciile moi/rit da cervriiii, Tii/e J'ihii-
taire, Ti'i/e niLi-H/iIipiiiiii/iile. A depression in ihe
inferior paries of tiie middle ventricle, above the
pituitary gland. It was, anciently, regarded as
a canal by which the fluid, collected in Ihe ven-
tricles of the hrain, was evacuated, and poured
into the nasal f()ss;\;.
iNFi'NniBiiLUM Cerkbri, I. of the Brain.
iNFUNPiniU.rM OF THF, CofllLKA, /. Ciicll'leo',
Sci/phiis VieiiKseii' i! sext aiidito' i-lnn, Ciinil'/nn, Cn-
na'lia Sciiln'rinii conimii'nis. This, with the mo-
diolus, forms the nucleus around which the jryri
of the cochlea pass. It is an imperfect funnel,
the apex of which is common with that of the
modiolus; and the base is covered with the apex
of the cochlea, termed Cn'pohi.
In Siii-'jen/, infundibula or funnels are used
to direct steam or vapours; to conduct the actual
cautery to certain morbid parts, itc.
iNFiiNDinruiM OP TiiK Etiimoid Bone, or op
THE Nassal FossyE. One of the anterior cells of
that bone, which is broad and expanded above,
and narrow below; opening, above, into the fron-
tal sinus: below, into the anterior part of the
middle meatus of the nasal fosste.
iNFUNnimtn'M OP THE IIeart, Conus arterio-
sus— i. of the Kidney, see Calix — i. Lacrymale,
Lachrymal Sac — i. Tubarum Fallopii, see Tube,
Fallopian— ;i. Ventriculi, (Esophagus.
IXFUSE, Infusion.
INFU'SION, Tiifu'eio, Eii'cln/niii, from infun-
aere (in, unil fitiidere, fiisiim), 'to pour in,' ' to in-
troduce.' A phannaceutical operation, which
consists in pouring a hot or cold fluid upon a sub-
stance whose medical virtues it is desired to ex-
tract. Ill fusion is, also, used for the product of this
32
operation. (F.) Tnfusion, Infuse. In Snrrjerij, infu-
sion— Chinu'ijia infuso'ria, Ars clijsmat'ica uiivn
— is the act of introducing into the veins mediciniil
substances, by aid of an instrument called Infusor.
See InfiiHoir. This mode of introducing medi-
cines was called Ars iiifiino'na.
Infu.sion op A.ngustuka, Infusum Cuspari;\;
— i. of Bark, Infusum cinchouiB — i. of Buchu,
Infusum Diosmae — i. of Calumba, Infusum cu-
lumbae — i. of Cascarilla, Infusum cascarillae —
i. of Catechu, Infusum catechu coinposituni — i.
of Cayenne pepper, Infusum eapsici — i. of Cha-
momile, Infusum anthemidis — i. of Cinchona,
Infusum cinchonas — i. of Cloves, Infusum caryc-
phyllorum — i. of Cusparia, Infusum cusparia; —
i. of Dandelion, Infusum Taraxaci — i. of Fox-
glove, Infusum digitalis — i. of Gentian, compouml,
Infusum gcntianaj compositum — i. of Ginger, In-
fusum Zingiberis — i. of Hops, Infusum humuli
— i. of Horseradish, compound, Infusum armora-
ciae compositum — i. of Linseed, Infusum linL
compositum — i. of Matico, Infusum matico — i.
of Mint, compound, Infusum mentlia? composituru
• — i. of Orange-peel, compound, Infusum aurantii
compositum — i. of Pareira Brava, Infusum Pa-
reiroB — i.of Pinkroot.Infusum spigclire — i.of Quas-
sia,Infusum quassia; — i. of Khatany,Infusum Krii-
meri;c — i.of Rhubarb, Infusum rhei — i. of the
Rose, Infusum rosic compositum — i. of Sar-
saparilla, Infusum sarsaparilhc — i. of Sassafras
pith, Infusum sassafras medulla; — i.of Seneks;,
Infusum SenegiE — i. of Senna, Infusum sennse
com])()situm — i. of Siniaruba, Infusum simaru-
bae — i. of Slippery elm, Infusum ulmi- i. of
Thoroughwort, Infusum eupatorii — i. of Tobacco,
Infusum tabaci — i. of Valerian, Infusum Valeria-
nae— i. of Virginia snakeroot, Infusum serpenla-
riae — i.of Wild cherry, Infusum pruni \'irginianiie.
INFl'SOIH (F.), Jiifii'Kor. An instrument;
for injecting medicinal substances into iho
veins. It was a kind of funnel, the elongated
apex of which was stopped by a metallic rod,
which could be withdrawn when the apex was
introiluced into a vein.
INFU'SUM, En'chijma. The product of an
infusion.
iNFUSt'M Acaci/E CATKcni', T. catechu compo-
situm— i. Amaruin vinosum, Vinum gcnliana)
compositum — i. of Angustura, I. cusparia;.
I.NPUSUM AnTIIEM'iDIS, J/l/dlOc/l'lllinilnc'lllVI,
Lifiixion of Chinn'iimile. {Aiilhemid. jinr. ^ss ;
aq. hnllient. Oj. Macerate for ten minutes in a
covered vessel, and strain.) Dose, f^j to f^^iss.
Inpusiim Aujioua'i'i>« CoMPOs'lTtM, /. Anno-
raci(B (Ph. U. S.), Coniponnd Iiif union of IJorse-
rndinh. (Aniiortic. concis., einnpis cont., sing.
^j : (iqnep hnllient. Oj. Macerate for two hours,
and strain.) Dose, ^3J to f,5iij.
Infiisum Auran'tii CoMi'Os'iTUM, Compound
Infusion of Oranije Peel. {Aurnnt. cort. sice, ^ij ;
Union, cort. recent. ^ ; ciiryoph. cont. ^^ss : aq.
fervent. Oss. Macerate for fifteen minutes, and
strain. — Ph. L.) Dose, f^iss to f,f ij.
Infusum Brash, Wort — i. Buchu, Infusum
Diosma; — i. Byncs, Wort.
lNFUSU>f CaH'M'b^, /. Cnloni'ho' ?CU CninvihcF,
Infusion of Cohnnhn. (Colnmh. rod. concis. ,^ss;
aq. fervent. Oj. Macerate for two hours, and
strain.— Ph. U. S.) Dose, f ^iss to ,^iij.
InFI'SI'M Cap'sicI, Infusion of Coyenne Pepper.
{Capsic. in. pulv. crass. ,^ss; aq. bidlient. Oj.
Macerate for two hours, and strain. — Ph. U. S.)
Dose, f.^iss.
Infusum Caryophyl'li, Infusion of Cloves.
(Caryoph. contus. 3'j ! '"/• hnllient. Oj. Mace-
rate for two hours, and strain.) Dose, f^iss to
Infusum CASCAnil/LyF,, Infusion <>/ Cmonrilla.
[Cascarill. contus. ^j j "1- hnllient. Oj. Alace-
INFUSUM
498
INFUSUM
rate for two hours, and striiin.) Dose, f.^iss to
Infusum Cassi.« SKNNyE, I. seiinse coinpo-
sitiiin.
Infitsi'm Cat'kcikt Comcos'itum, I. Cuteclm
pen Ai(i'Li(B di'leclni. Infitiion of Ciitechu. {Cate-
c7i», ill ]>ulv. 5ss ; ciiiiiom. cont. ,^j ; oq. hiillieiit.
O.i. Miu-ciiue for an hour, and strain.) Dose,
f,^iss to f,^i,j.
IxmsuM Cincho'n^, /. ChichniKe Irniri'/o'h'a;,
lufoniiin (if CiiK-hiiua. [Cinch, contus. ^^j ; o({.
fervent. Oj. Miicerate for two hours, and strain.)
This infusion may also be made from tlie same!
quantity of baric in coarse powder by the process!
of displacement with hot or cold water. Dose,'
f^j to f5ii,i- The Pharmacopoeia of tiie United'
States has an Jnfii'mini Ciiichd'ncP. JIuvcB, Iiifiia>(iii\
(f ijelliiw hitrk, and an ItifuHtun Ciiic/toufE rnbrcp,'
Jiifiision of red hurk, which are (irepared in the!
same manner. It has also an Fiifii'man Cinrlio'iicB'
Compoi'ilitiii, which is made as follows : (Ciuchon.
iiibr. in pulv. 5J ; Acid. Snlfih. uromot. f 5Jj ;
iiqtice, Oj. Maceiafe for twelve hours, occasion-
ally shaking, and strain.) Dose, same as the
last.
Inkusum Cinchona: Compositum, see Infusum
Cinchona; — i. Cinchonse flava?, see Infusum Cin-
chonfE — i. Colombae, I. caluiiibae.
I.VPUSlJM Ciispa'rIjK, /. Aiiffiistu'rcP, hifuxion
of CnHprt'ria. (Ciiiipor. cort. contus. Jss; oq.
huUieiit. Oj. Macerate for two hours, and strain.)
Dose, fgj to f^iij.
Infusum Digita'lis, 7. D>;/itnh's purpn'reeg,
Infusion of Foxylove. (Digital. J^j ; oq. Imllient.
Oss ; tinct. cinnnmonii, i'^j. Muccrate for two
hours, and add sp. cinnatn. f.^j.) Dose, f Ij.
Infusum Dios'm^o, Ph. U. S.. 1842, /. Jhichu,
Ph. U. S., 1851, Infnxion of linchn. (Dionm.
^j ; aq. huUient. Oj. Macerate for four hours in
)i covered vessel, and strain. — Ph. U. S.) Dose
fjiss.
InpuSUM EijpAJo'riI, Inftnion of Thornuyh.
irort. (Eiipotor. ^j ; <tq. hnlHent. Oj. Macerate
for two hours, and strain. — Ph. U. S.) Dos'
Infusum GKNTiA'NyE Compos'itum, Compound
Infitiion of Gentian. (Gentian, cont. ^^'^ ; An-
riiiit. cort., Coriandr. contus. aa,^j ; alco/iol. dilnt.
f^^iv; aqiicB, f.^xij- First pour on the alcohol,
and three hours afterwards, the water; then ma-
cerate for twelve hours, and strain. — Ph. U. S.)
Dose, f^^j to f.^ij.
Jlamden'a AntiHcorhu'tic Drops, an empirical
preparation, consist of a solution of corronive sub-
limate in an inf union of gentian,
Infu'sum Hu'muli, /. Lii'puli, Infusion of
Hops. {Hinnid. ^ss; aq. hu/lienl. 0']. Macerate
for two hours, and strain. — Ph. U. S.) Dose,
f^iss to f^iij.
Infu.SU.M JuNlp'Rni, Infu'sion of Jit'niper. The
common mode of making this infusion is by an
ounce of Juniper Berries to a pint of boiling
water. The whole may be taken in the twenty-
four hours.
Infu'sum KitAMF,'Ri.«, Infwiion of Rhnt'any.
{Kramer, contus. ^j ; aq. huUicnt, Oj. Macerate
for four hours, and strain. — Ph. U. S.) Dose,
f^iss.
Infusum Lini. I. L. compositutn.
iNPUStrM Ltni Comcos'itum (Ph. U. S., 1851),
I. Lini (Ph. U. S., 1S42), /. Lini nsitnlis'simi.
Infnsinn of Linseed, Flaxseed Tea. {Lini sent.
cont. 55s ; gli/ei/rrh. rad. c<int. ,^ij ; aqnai bidlient.
Oj. Macerate for two hours, and strain.) Dose,
a teacupful. ad libitum.
Infusu-M Lupuli, Infusum Ilumuli — i. Malti,
Wort.
Infusum Mati'co, Infusion of ifaiiro. (,1/ii-
tivo, ^fs (avoirdupois] ; aq. bidlient. Oss (Imp.
meas.). Infuse for an hour, and strain. — Ph. D.)
Dose, f^iss to f5ij.
Infusum Mi:ntii-k Viu'idis, Infusion of S/ienr-
mint. Mint Tea. (.\feiilli(e lirid. ,^iij ; aq. hiilli-
ent. Oss. Infuse f<ir an hour, and strain. — Ph. [).)
Dose, f,^j to f5iij.
InFIi.sum V Anv.x'n.V., Infusion of Pareirn Urarii,
(Pareir. ^x} ; aq. bnllieut. Oj (Imp. iiicas.). In-
fuse for two hours, and strain.— Ph. K.) li\)fi,
Infusum Prcis EMPVUKUMATtr.n Liguin/H. see
Pinus sylvestris — i. Picis liiiuidiim, see Pliius
sylvestris — i. Polygaltc, Infusum Senegae.
Infusum Puuni ViHciNiA'Nit:. Infusion of ]Vild
Clierri/ Hark. {Prun. Virginian. Cunt, ^ss;
("/»(P, Oj. Macerate for 2i hmirs, and strain. —
Ph. U. S.) Dose, f5J to f^iij.
Infusum Quass'ia;, /. Quassia e.reel's-(B, Iiifii-
sion ((/' Quassia. [QuassicB li</n. cont. _!^ij ; iiq,
(frigid.) Oj. Macerate for ttvelve hours, and
strain. — Ph. U. S.) Dose, f^j to f.^iv.
Infusum KiikI, An'ima Jihei, Infusion of Rhu-
barb, {/ihei, cont. ^j ; aq. ferr. Of>t. Macerate
for two hours, and strain. — Ph. U. S.) Dose,
■5.i t" f5'^'-
Infusum PvOS.« Compos'itiim, A /^)•v(^ Gul'lictB,
Infusion (f the Rose. { lios. Gallic, giv ; aq. but.
lient. Oiiss ; acid. snJpk. d. f J^iij ; snceh. pirrif.
^^iss. Add the water, and afterwards the acid ; —
macerate for half an hour; strain, and add the
sugar.— Ph. U. S.) Dose, f.^iss to Oss.
InfusI!M Saksaparil'l^:, Infusion of Sursa-
parllla. (S'lrsajiarill. contus. ^y, aqner bnllieut.
Oj. Digest for two hours in a covered vessel,
and strain. — Ph. U. S.) It may also be prejuired
by displacement. Dose, f,^ij to f^iv.
Infusum SaSs'afhas. /. Sassafras meduU'a; In-
fusion of Sassafras Pith, Mit'cilaqe of Sassufriit
'Pilh. {Sassafras medull. r^\ : aqum (friirid.j', Oj.
Macerate for three hours, anil strain. — Ph. U. S.)
An emcillient coUyrium, and a demulcent drink.
Infusum Skn'kg.*;, Infusum Puli/g'alat, lufusiim
of Seneka. {Scneg. "^X ; aq. biillient. ( [liip. niCiis.).
Itifuso for four hours, and strain. — -Ph. E.) Dose,
Infusum Senn.«, /. iS'. Compos'iinm, I. Cassia
Senna sen Sennm simplex. Infusion of Svnua,
{Senncp., "^y. coriandr. cont. J^^j ; aq. bidlient. Oj.
Macerate for an hour, and strain. — Ph. U. S.)
Dose, f.^j to f.^iv.
The n'lack Draught, lilack Dose, Plael,- bollle,
Ilanstns niger, is usually formed of this infiisiuii.
It may be made of infus. senna, f,^v ; aq. cinnam.
i'5J ; """"'<e, 3iv; magncs. tulph. ^vj. Dose, a
wineglassful.
Sehcay's Prcjtared Essence of Senna is a con-
centrated infusion of the leaves in combination
with an alkali.
Infusum SwNN.f; Compositum, I. senna?.
Infusum SKltl'l-;NTA'ni.i:. Infusion of Yirgimn,
Snakeroot. {Serpentar. ,^ss; aq. bidlient. Oj.
Macerate for two hours, and strain. — Ph. U. S.)
Dose, f.^iss.
InFITSUM SlMAI!U''ll.f;. Infusion of Simnrubn.
{Simarnb. cort. cont. ,^iij ; aq. fervent. Oj. M^i-
cerate for two hours, and strain. — Ph. E.) Do^e,
f'o.i '" *'5'.i-
Infu'sum SriCF/Lt,*;, Infusion of Pmkruoi.
{Spiqel. 5ss ; aq. bnHienl. Oj. Macerate f<irt«ii
hours, and strain. — Ph. U. S.) Dose, f.^iv to
Infusum Tab'aCI, Infusion of Tobacco. (Tn-
btiri fol. 5) ; oq. fern. Oj. Macerate for an hour,
and strain!— Ph. "U. S.) Half of this per anutu in
striingiilateil hernia.
InfU-SUM Tauax'aCI, Infusion of Dan'deliun.
INGA
499
INITIS
(Tararnc. contus. ^ij ; aq. httlllenf. Oj. Maee-
riite for two hours, and strain. — Ph. U. S.) Dose,
f siss, as a diuretic, <tc.
Inkusum Ulmi, lufimion of Sltp'pery Elm,
Slipprnj Elm Ten. This preparation, in the
I'ha.inacopocia of the United States, is made by
infusing one ounce of slippery elm bark in a pint
of lioiliiif/ water.
[NFiisi'Sf VALERIA'«fyE, Infusion of Vale'rtan.
(llnd. v(ilerl<iii. in crass, pulv. ^ss; aq. biillieitt.
Oj. Macerate for an hour, and strain. — Ph. U. S.)
Dose, f.^iss to ,§ij.
Infi:sum Zinoiu'eriS, Infusion ofGhu/er, Gin-
ijrr Tki. (/^ni.(/i6. contus. §ss ; ttq. huUient. Oj.
.Maceriite for two hours, and strain. — Ph. U. S.)
Uosc, f.^'ss to f.^ij, as a carminative.
IN'GA. A genus of plants, OrJ. Legumi-
nosic, belonging to South Aineric;i, many of the
species of which are possessed of astringent pro-
j)ortics. Jntj'i biirk is use<l in Soulli America as
a tonic astringent in diarrhoea, gonorrhoeii, Ac.
An extract, prepared from it, possesses all the
properties of rhatany.
INOEN'IUM {^forb;). The nature or genius
of a disease, from in, and ;/eno, for giyno, ' to
generate.' This word is employed, especially by
the French, synonymously with nature. Tlicy
speak, for instimce, of Genie injlauimatoire,
hilleiir, &c. Some, also, use yenie in the place
6t ti/pe of an intermittent.
INGlvS'TA, from in, and gerere, (/eslinn, 'to
hear or carry into.' Substances, introduced into
the body by the digestive passages ; as food, con-
diments, drinks, &c.
INGLU'VIES, Aplcn'tia, Victfis inteniperan'-
l!(i: — Gluttony, Insatiableness ; also, the Crop or
Cram or Ganje of Birds, (F.) Jabot; and the frit
fitiinach or paunch of ruminant animals — Pen'nla,
lliiiii'n. Venter inaijnua, (F.) Panee, Herbier,
1),.„1,Ip. Also, the Pharynx.
IXGRAS'SIAS, APOPH'YSES OF. The
lesser ahe of the sphenoid bone.
INMHIAVIDATIO. Fecundation, Pregnnncv.
INGllAVIUATION, Fecundation, Pregnancy.
INGllESSUS SUPEKIOK. Cardia.
IXGUEN, Bnban, Dnbo, 'the groin,' (Prov.)
Lank, Ijiiit, Link, Lesk ; ^doe.'on, He'palis
emnncto'ria, (F.) Aine. The oblique fold or de-
jtression which separates the abdomen from the
tliigh. It is only, properly speaking, a line thiit
extends from the anterior and superior spinous
process of the ilium to the middle part of the
horizontal ramus of the pubis. Also, the genital
orgnns.
IN'OUINAL, Inijninn'lis, from inrjnen, inyni-
tiis, 'the groin.' Belonging or relating to the
groin. This epithet has been given to various
piirts met with in the region of the groin or in-
guinal region.
Ingi'in'ai, AuTEny is that portion of the femoral
nrtory situate immediately beneath the crural
nrcli in the inguinal region.
Inriixai, Canal is a canal, about two inches
in length, proceeding oliliquely downwards, in-
wards ancl forwards at the lower part of the ab-
diiMien ; throuiih which passes the spermatic cord,
in men, and the round ligament of the uterus in
women. This canal is fornuMl, infcriorly and an-
teriorly, by the aponeurosis of the greater oblique
muscle; posteriorly by the fancia trangrernall/i,
wliioli is joined to the prece(liiig aponeurosis, and
forms with it a deep channel, into which are re-
ceived the lesser oblique and transversalis mus-
cles. The inguinal cana! has two apertures; the
one. the tower and inner, is called the inynina/ or
iihilomlnal rinif. It is bounded by two strong
tendinous pillars which fix it— the innermost to
the -yinpbysis. the onlern\osl to the spine of the
pubis. The upper ami outer aperture is formed
by the fascia transversalis. From the edge of
this aperture arises a membranous funnel, — a
prolongation of the fascia transversalis, — which
receives the spermatic vessels; forms their proper
sheath, and accompanies them as far as the tes-
ticle. On its inside lies the epigastric artery.
Above it, is the lower edge of the transversalis
muscle: and, below, it is bounded by the channel
of the greater oblique. By fcdlowing the oblique
direction of this canal, and [>assing, consequently,
on the outside of the epigastric artery, the viscera
are displaced, so as to constitute internal inguinal
hernia.
I.NGUINAL Re'GIOX, ReUjio iuyaina'lis, Bubo,
Inynen. The region of the groin.
I.NGUINAL Ring, Abdom'inal Ring, An'nnlu/i
ahdom'iniH, (F.) Anneau Inyuinal, is the inferior
aperture of the inguinal canal.
IxX'GUlNO-CUTA'NEUS. A name given by
Professor Chaussier to the middle ramus of the
anterior branch of the first lumbar nerve, be-
cause it sends its numerous filaments to the groin,
scrotum, and to the skin of the superior part of
the thigh.
INIIyERENS, Inherent.
INIIALATIO, Absorption, Inhalation— i. Cu-
tis, see Absorption.
INIIAEA'TION, Inhula'tio; from in, and ha-
lare, 'to breathe.' The act of driivving air or va-
pour into the lungs — Inhalu'tio puhnonu'lis.
Also, absorption.
INIIA'LER. Same etvmon. An apparatus
for inhalation, jlfiidi/e'n Inhaler is an apparatus
for inhaling the steam of hot water, in afi'cctions
of the air-passages. It consists of a pewter
tankard provided with a lid, into which a flexible
tube is inserted. Through this the vapour i.s
inhaled.
IXIIE'REXT, hihasreni. (in, and htrreo, 'I
stick.') That which adheres, or which is joined
or united to any thing.
Iniikhent CAliTEltV, (F.) Cantere inherent, is
the actual cautery, left in contact with a part
until it is reduced to the state of a deep eschar.
INHU.MA'TION, Inhuma'li,,. from inhmno, in-
huniatus. (in, and hnmun,) 'I put into the ground.'
The nepnltnre <f the dead. This belongs to the
subject of medical police. Also, digestion of
substances in earth or dung. See Arenatio.
IN IAD, see Inial.
IN'IAL, from iviov, 'the nape of the neck.'
An epithet, proposed by Dr. Barclay, for an as-
pect towards the plane of the ridge of the occi-
put. Iniad is employed by him adverbially to
signify 'towards the inial aspect.'
INIENCEPH'ALUS, (F.) Inienefphale, from
iviov, 'occiput,' and ty/cE/^aXos, 'encephalon.' A
monster whose ence))halon is in great part in the
cranium, and in j)art out of it, behind, and a
little beneath the cranium, which is open in its
occijiital portion. — I, G. St. Ililairc.
INIODYMUS, Diprosopns.
IXION, iviov. Some of the Greek physicians
give this name to the occi|)ut, or the ridge of the
occiput; others to the back part of the neck, and
the muscles of the occiput. Blancard says it is
the commencement of the spinal marrow.
INIOPS, Iniope, from iviov, 'occiput,' and ui//,
'the eve, face.' A monster, double above the
umbilicus, which has two ears very near each
other, or only one median ear, and above if. at a'
greater or less distance, a median orbit .'ind eye,
more or less imperfect. The rudimental fMc<> ap-
pearing to be directly opposite the prinrii)al face
suggesteil the name. — I. G. St. Ililairc.
INI'TIS, Jnohymeni'tin, from ij, gen. iie/?. "a
fibre,' anil itix, a ?-\\^\ denoting inflame;:. lion.
Fibrous inflamm:ition.
INITIUM
500
INITIUM, Arche— i. Asperne arteriae, Larynx
— i. Extubcrans Coli, Cajeuui.
INIUM, iwoi/. The nucha. Also, the muscles
at the back of the neck. See Inion.
INJACULA'TIO, (ill, and jnculor, jacnlalun,
'to shoot.') A term employed by Van Helmont
to designate an acute pain of the stomach, with
rigidity and immobility of the body.
INJECT'ED, /iijec'tim, from iiijicere, injection,
{ill, and jacere, 'to throw into.') The face and
other parts are said to be injected, when the accu-
mulation of blood in the capillary vessels gives
them an evident red colour. A subject or part
of h, subject is also said to be injected, when its
A'essels have been filled, by the anatomist, with
an appropriate composition.
INJECTION, Jiijec'tio, Eia'hole: same ety-
,mon. The act of introducing, by means of a sy-
ringe or other instrument, a liquid into a cavity
of the body. The liquid injected is also called an
injection. Anatomists use injections — Injectio'-
vea anatom' iccB — for filling the cavities of ves-
sels, in order that they may be rendered more
apparent, and their dissection be facilitated. For
this purpose, they employ syringes of ditfercnt
dimensions, and various materials. The most
common injections are made of soot, wa.x, and
turpentine, coloured with lamp-black, vermillion,
Ac. There are three kinds chiefly used by ana-
tomists,— the euiirse, l\ie Jinc, and the viinute.
The following are formulae for each.
COAUSE In.iection.
No. 1.
Pure yeUoiij wax, oz. xvj.
Blenched rosin, oz. viij.
Turpentine varninh, by measure, oz. vj.
No. 2.
Yellow rosin, lb. ij.
Yellow wax, lb. j.
Turpentine varnish, a sufficient quantity to
make the mi.\ture flexible when cold.
No. 3.
Tallow, lb. ij.
White wax, oz. x.
Common oil, oz. vj.
Venice turpentine, oz. iv.
Mix and liquefy over a slow fire or over boiling
water.
To make any of these mixtures.
Red — add vermillion, oz. iij.
Yellow — King's yelloto, oz. iiss.
White — best Jlake white, oz. vss.
„ , , , f best llal-e white, oz. iiiss.
Pale-blue \ j- ■,, u ••• „
{pne blue smalt, oz. uiss.
Dark-blue — blue verditer, oz. xss.
Black — lamp-black, oz. j.
(powdered verdiyris, oz. ivss.
Green ■< best finlce lohite, oz. iss.
(^powdered gamboye, oz. j.
Fine Injection.
Brown spirit varnish, oz. iv.
White spirit carnish, oz. iv.
Turpentine varnish, oz. j.
To make this mixture,
Red — add vermillion, oz. j.
Yellow — King's yellow, oz. jj.
AVhite — best flake white, oz. ij.
t: \.i lo ,„ f fi"^ blue smalt, oz. is.s.
Light-blue i', . n , , .; .,
" ( best Jta/.'e white, oz. jif.
Dark blue — bine verditer, oz. iv.
Black — lamp-black, oz. ss.
INNERVATION
Minute Injection.
Take of transparent size, broken to pieces, or
Isinglass, oz. viij.
Water, lb. iss. Dissolve.
To make this mixture,
Red — add vermillion, oz. v.
Yellow — King's yellow, oz. iv,
AVhite — best /lake white, oz. v.
Blue — fine blue smalt, 07.. viij.
(powdered verdigris, oz. iij.
Green •< best /lake white, dr. ij.
(pow'dercd yambogc, dr. j.
Black — lamp-black, oz. j.
Beautiful injections, are made with ether ns
the menstruum.
Cold Injection.
White lead and red lead, each, oz. iv ; linsnd
oil, enough to form a thick paste when tiicy
are rubbed well togetlier. Liquefy this paste
with turpentine varnish, oz. viij.
The advantage of this mixture is, that the sub-
ject need not be heated.
In order to inject the arteries, the injertinn
must be forced from the great trunks towiivds
their ultimate ramifications. To inject the veins,
on the contrary, it is indispensable, on account of
their valves, to send the injection from the siiinlliT
divisions towards the greater. The lyniphiitic-s
are usually injected with mercury. The practi-
tioner inject,s, by forcing with a syringe, liquids,
such as emollient, narcotic, stimulant, and other
decoctions or infusions, into different hollow or-
gans, as the rectum, vagina, nasal fossa;, urethin,
tunica vaginalis, auditory canal, Ac, to fulfil va-
rious therapeutical indications.
The following injection has been strongly re-
commended by Dr. Horner to preserve the dead
body.
Take of Liverpool, St. Ubes,
or Tnrk-'s Island Salt, OZ. ^^ avoird.
Nitrate of potiissa, " ]9
Carbonate of Soda, " 8
Molasses (Sugar-house,) " 4 by meas.
Water, six pints.
The saline constituents to be dissolved first of
all in boiling hot water ; the molasses to lie after-
wards stirred in ; the starch to be mixed well with
half a pint of cold water, and then to be stirred
in with the other articles. As soon as it begin!*
to boil, the whole mass swells up, when it must
be removed from the fire. On the proper reduc-
tion of temperature it is fit for use.
Injection, Mattiiews's, see Tinctura cantha-
ridis.
Injectiones AnatosiictE, see Injection.
INK, Atramentum.
INKBERRY, Prinos glaber.
IN-KNEED, Entogonyancon.
IN'NATE, from Vx, and nascor, naliis, 'J am
born.' Inborn.
Innate Diseases, Morbi conna'ti seu enixjeu'-
iti, (F.) Maladies inn(ee. Diseases with which
the infant is born. They are not always heredi-
tary, as hereditary diseases are not alwavs innate.
INNERLEITIl'EN, MINERAL WATERS
OF. These springs, situate near the Tweed, and
supposed to be the scene of "St. Ronan's Well,'
contain chlorides of sodium and calcium, and
carbonate of magnesia.
INNERVA'TION, Innerva'tio, from in, 'in,'
and nervus, 'a nerve.' By this term i.« meant —
the nervous influence, necessary for the mainten-
ance of life and the functions of the various or-
gans;— an influence of whose character and source
INNOMINATUM
501
INSCRIPTIONES
we are i<rnorant. It ?eerns to resemble the gal-
vanic or floetric agencies. See Nerves.
INNOMIXA'TUM, A„oit'i/mum, from in, 'ne-
gation,' ami iioiiuii, 'a riaiuc.' (F.) Aiioiiyme.
Having no name.
InNiiMINA'ta Arte'iua, I}rf(chio-cej)hal'ic nr-
terif, Arte'rid anoii'i/mn, Right Snbclavuin, (F.)
Ailere tiinmnlnee, Artere liritchio-feph<ili<iue (Ch.),
is the trunk common to the ri<5ht primitive carotid
and to the subclavian. It arises from the ante-
rior part of tiie arch of the aorta, ascends obliquely
to the right, along the trachea; and after a course
of about an inch in length, divides into two trunks,
which go off at riglit angles. The one is exler-
unl — the riijkt Hitfjcfavidii proper ; the other su-
perior— the primitive carotid, of the same side.
IsNoMiNATA Caiitii.ago, Cricoid.
Innominata Cav'itas. A cavity of the outer
car, between the helix and anthilix.
Is.NOMiNATUM FonA'.MKX. A foramen, near the
middle of the atiterior surface of the pars petrosa
of the temporal bone, leading backwards for the
pas.sage of tlie Vidian nerve, reflected from the 2d
branch of the 6th to the portio dura of the 7th pair.
Innominata Fossa, see Fossa — i. Linea, see
Ilio-pectinca Linea.
Innominati seu Anonymi Nkrvi. Some ana-
tomists have thus called the nerves of the fifth
pair.
Innominatum Os, On Coxeu'dicis seu Coxa seu
fiiiiiu't/niitnt seu pelvis later<i'le, (F.) 0^ iniiomine,
Os Cdxnl, Os (uwn\jme. A very large, flat bone,
which forms the anterior and lateral paries of
the pelvis. It is curved upon itself in two op-
(losite directions. In the first periods of life, it
is composed of three portions: — the ilium, isehi-
vin, and jiahis, which join each other in the ace-
tabulum. It is articulated before with its fellow,
— Iiehind with the sacrum; and luterulli/ yi\lh
the femur.
Innominata Mino'ra Ossa, Lesser Ossa in-
nnmiiiata, Onsic'iila iiuKniiiiid'td. Some anato-
mists have given this name to the three cuneiform
bones of the tarsus.
Innominata OssroirLA, Innominata minora
osisa — i. Tunica Oculi, Sclerotic.
Innominate Vene, op Vikussens. Vieussens
has given this name to two or three veins, which
arise on the anterior surface and right margin of
the heart, and open into the auricle towards its
right margin. The term Vkn.e Innominat^k of
JIkckkl is given to the hrar.hioeephitlic veins,
which are generally included in the description
of the subclavian vein, and correspond to the
arteria innominata, being formed l)y the union
of the internal jugular vein and the subclavian
jiroperly so called, which correspond to the com-
mon carotid and subclavian arteries.
IXNOMINATUS. Anonymous.
IXNIITIIITIO OSSIUM, Rachitis.
IXOC'ULABLE. Same etymon as the next.
Capable of inoculation, or of being communicated
by inoculation.
INOCULA'TION, Iiiocida'tio, I)isii"io, THsit"io
tnrinld'riiiii, from inocnlitre, (in, and oculiis, 'nn
eye,') 'to ingraft.' Any operation by which
sinnll-pox, for example, may be artificially com-
luunicated, by introducing the virus of the parti-
cular disease into the economy, by means of a
puncture or scratch made in the skin. When the
word inoculation is used alone, it usually means
that for the small-pox, — Variola'tioii. See
Syphilization.
Inoci'i.ation, Cowpox, Vaccination — i. Jenne-
rian. Vaccination.
INOC'ULATOR, same etymon. In'sitor. One
who practises inoculation.
INODULAR TISSUE, see Tissue, inodular.
I.VODULE, Tissue, inodular.
IXOHYLOMA, Tumour, fibrous.
INOIIYMENI'TIS : from it, gen. ivof, 'afibre ;'
'ufojv, ' a inein!)rane,' and itis, denoting inflam-
mation. Inilaniina'tio tela Jibro' see. Inflamma-
tion of the fibrous tissue.
INO.MA, Tumour, fibrous.
INONVTION, Inunction.
INOPOLYPUS, see Polypus.
INORGAN'IC, Iiiorg<vi'icits, Unor'tjanized,
(F.) Iiwrganiqne ; from in, 'negation,' and or-
(fii)iiim, 'an organ.' A term applied to bodies
which have no organs ; — such as minerals. At
the present day, naturalists admit of but two
classes of bodies, — the organized and inorganic.
Parts of the body which, like the epidermis, are
devoid of blood-vessels and nerves, have beea
called anorc/niiic.
INOSCLERO'MA, from ij, gen. ivoi, 'a fibre,'
and aKXrjpdifia, 'induration.' Induration of the
fibrous tissue.
INOSCULATIO, Anastomosis.
INOSIS, Hyperinosis.
IN'OSITE, In'osit, Mnsile sugar ; from is, ivos,
'a fibre.' An unfennentable sugar, found only in
the juice of the cardiac muscle. — Lehmann.
INOSTEATO'MA, from n, ivoi, 'a. fibre,' and
sfeatoma. A tumour of a mixed fibrous and stca-
tomatous character.
INQUIES, Inquietude.
INQUIETATIO, Inquietude.
INQUI'BTUDE, Inqmctn'do,'*fn'quics, Liqnie-
ta'tio, Juctita'tio, from in, 'negation,' and qnics,
'rest.' Agitation or trouble, caused by indispo-
sition. Restlessness.
INQUINAMENTUM, Miasm.
INQUISITIO MEDICO-LEGALIS, see Me-
dico-legal.
INSALIVA'TION, Inscilim'tio, from in, and
sativa. The mixture of the food with the saliva,
and other secretions of the mouth.
INSALU'BRIOUS, Lix.ilu'bris, X'ose'ros, Xo-
so'des. That which is unhealtlij', — which injures
the health.
INSANABILIS, Incurable.
INSANE, Insa'nns ; from in, 'negation,' and
sanus, 'sound;' Aliena'tns, Criizy, Mad, Non-
sane, Demented, Deranged, Bedlamite, (Sc.) Daft,
Wod, (F.) Aliene, Fou, Insense. One affected
with mental aberration, or of unsound mind.
INSANIA, Mania — i. Cadiva, Epilepsy — i. Lu-
pina, Lycanthropia — i. Puerperarum, Mania, puer-
peral.
INSANITAS, Insanity.
INSAN'ITY, Fnsa'nia, Insan'itns. Same etj--
mon. Mental aliena'tion, Abalienu'tio seu Alle-
natio Mentis, Arrep'tio, Unsound Mind, De
ranqe'ment. Deranged intellect, Cra'ziness, (Sc.)
Baffin, Daffing, Wodnes ; Aphros'tjue, Ecpliro'-
nia, Ecphros' i/ne, Paral'lage, Parallax'is,
Delir'ia, Vesa'nia;, Delir'ium (Crichton), Insi-
pien'tia, (F.) Folic. Egarement d'Esprit, Para-
phrenic. This term includes all the varieties of
unsound mind, — Mania, Melancholia, Moral In-
sanity, Dementia, and Idiocy. A slight degree
of insanity is sometimes popularly called " a
JfinI: in the head;" in Scotland, "a bee in the
bonnet."
Ixsanitv, Homicidal, see Homicidal — i. Inco-
herent, Dementia — i. Moral, Pathomania-;- i.
Puerperal, Mania, puerperal — i. Religious, Sebas-
tomania — i. Senile, Delirium senile — i. Suicidal,
see Suicide.
IXSANUS, Insane.
INSCRIPTION, see Matriculate.
INSCRIPTIO'NES TENDIN'EiE MUSCU-
LO'RUM, Intersectio'nes seu Enervntio' nes ten-
din'ecB innscnio'ritm, Interme'dla ligameiita'lln seu
ner'veu. The tendinous i^ortions which cross
INSEMINATION
502
INSTINCTIVE
ppvernl mu=olc.=, nnJ especinlly the straight mus-
cles of the nhiloinen.
IXSEMTNAirON, see EjacuhUion,
IXSENRi^rENTIA, Agerasia.
IXSENSK. Insane.
TN^ENSIBIL'ITY, A>ifpsthp'»i^, liiwim'hU i-
tns. Loss or aH?enoe of sensibility. It is very
nommon in eerehral affeetions, and may extend
to every part, or be limited to one or more.
Some organs are mnoh more sensible than others.
The bones. enrtilaKes, liiranients. ,te., are insen-
sible in hejilth, but aeutely sensible in disease.
TNSEX'.TBLE. Spn»lhn!tn'1e mretiD. That
■which is devoiil of sensibility. This word is ,np-
plied, also, to phenomena which cease to be ap-
preciable to the senses. Thu.s, we say, the pulse
Tiecomes in!'eiin!hfe.
INSER'TION, hi«rr'tin, Si/wph'i/iis, Eiio'nin,
from iiixerrre, iiinertiiin. (in, and nernrc, ' to join
or knit.') 'to ino;riift.' (F.) AflntJie. The at-
tachment of one purt to another. Insertions
occur chiefly on bones, cartihifros, and filirons
orjrnns : thus, we speak of the insertion of mus-
cular fibres into a tendon or aponeurosis ; the in-
sertion of a tendon, aponeurosis, orlisament, into
a ca.rtila<ie or bone. The word insertion has like-
wise been used by path(doj;ists for the act of in-
ocnlatinff or introducin<? a virus into the body.
INSES'SIO,*rom inntdere, inseKitan, (in, and
Kfidere.) 'to sit in.' This term is, sometimes,
applied to a vapour bath, the person boina; seated
in ft peifdrated chair, beneath which .a vessel,
filled with hot water, or the hot decoction of some
plant, is placed. See Seinicupium.
TNSESSTTS, T5ath, half.
INSiriTIM. Isicium.
INSIDEN'TIA, Epis'fanin. Any thing which
swims on or in — the urine, for example. It is
apposed to the ITiipnu'tanin or Kuhniden'tia.
TNSTPTENTIA, Insanity.
TNSITIO, Inoculation — ^^i. Ciliornm. Blepharo-
plastice — i. Dentis, Transplantatio Dentis^i.
Variolarum, Inoculation.
TNSOLA'TIOX. Tnnohi'tin, from iiu and nol,
the sun ;' Apricn'tio. ffelio'niK, [Iili'nKix, Helio-
'lo'iif, Siri'anin. Exposure to the sun. Exposure
of a patient to the ravs of the sun is, sometimes,
had recourse to, with the view of rousins: the
vital forces when lans:nishino:. or of producing
irritation of the skin. Insolation is occasionally
used in the same sense as fnnp fie nohil.
In Phnvmnci/. innnlntinn means the drying of
chemical and fiharmacentical substances.
JXSOLAZrOXE BE PUIMIVERA, Pel-
la srra.
IN SO M 'NT A. Tnxnm'nllox, Sahara. Znnrn.
Perriqll'iiim. Pernnrtn'tlo, Aijp'liin. Aijryp'nia,
Ahjip'nin, Ant/p'nin, Ti/pliomn'nio, Sleep' leHsnein,
Vir/"il(ince, from in, 'negntion,' and unmnim,
' .sleep,' ' absence of sleep.' This may exist alone,
and constitute a true disease; or it may bo con-
nected with anntlier affection. It is an unequi-
■local si'^n of sufferini; in some organ; even when
the riatifnt experiences no pain.
TXSOMXTrM, Somnium.
TNSPECTIO MEDICO-LEGALIS, see Me-
dico-letral.
TXSPTRA TETTR, Inspiratory.
TNSPIRA'TTON. hiKpim'tin, Empnenmnto'iii-i.
Eiitp'noe, Artxpirrr'tio, Axpira'lio, from in, ' in,'
and spirn, 'I breathe.' The action by which the
air penetrates into the interior of the lungs. A
movement opposed to that of expiration. As re-
gards the averaije qu.intity of air received into
the lungs at each inspiration, there is much dis-
crepancy anionerst observers. The following table
sufficiently ex'uibits this: —
Ciiliic inrhcn at
oadi iijs|iiriilinii,
Roil 12 to 100
Menzies, "|
Sauvagos,
Hales,
Ilaller,
Ellis, j- 40
Sprengel,
Sommering,
Thomson,
Bostock,
Jurin '. Z;> to .18
Fontana .".'i
Rieherand .10 (o 10
Dalton .■;n
Jeffreys I'l;
Herbst 21 to .",0
Ilerholdt 20 to 2'J
Jurine and Coathupe 20
Allen and Pcpys Kit
.1. Biirelli l;^'to 10
Goodwvn 1 1
Sir II. Davy ]:; to 17
Aberncth}' and Mojon 12
Keutsch () to 12
Inspihation op Vknoi's Blood. By tlii." is
meant the as[iiralion of blooil towanls llio lioart,
occasioned by the approach to a vaciiiiin jmo-
duced by the dilatation of the thorax during in-
spiration.
IN'SPIRATORY. Same etymon. /h«/)/™-
tio'ni inxer'vienx, (F.) Tnnpirnleur. A name uivcn
to muscles, which, by their contraction, angnii'nt
the size of the chest, and thus produce iiis|iirfi-
tion. The diaphragm and intercostal niu.-^clt's
are the chief agents of inspiration. In cnscii
where deep inspirations are necessary, the action
of these muscles is aided by the contractiiui "f
the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor, siihcla-
vius, serratus major antieus, sealeni, serratiis pris-
tieus superior, <fec. Most of these mu.>^cles lie-
come inspiratory, by taking their fixed jioirit iit
the part which they ordinarily move, anil elc-
vatinir the ribs.
INSPIS'SANT, Tnnpin'iianii. Same etymon as
the next. Any remedial agent, that renders the
blood thicker, directly, or indirectly. The op[)0-
sitc to diluent.
INSPISSA'TIO, Pi/cnn'sis, from in, and »/)i»-
tiire, npissatntn, ' to thicken.' The act of render-
ing thick ; as in the formation of an extract —
Siiernx lnKp!siii't\iK.
INSTEP, CoUiim pedix, Neck-'>f.the-f,wt, (F.)
Covilc-pied, Ci>n-de-)>ied. The projection at tlic
upper part of the foot, near its articulation with
the leer — the fnrntis.
INSTTLLATIO. Instillation.
INSTILLA'TION, Enxt.dax'ix, InstilWHn,
from i)i, ' into,' and HtHIrt, ' a drop.' The act of
pourins a liquid drop by drop.
INSTINCT, (L.) In'xtinc'tns, (in, and W/iir/vo,
xtinctnm, 'to sting,') 'inwardly moved.' lini'lin,
Horme. The action of the living principle, when-
ever manifestly directing its operations to the
health, preservation, or reproduction of a livin'^
frame or any part of such frame — Moli'min
unln'rw H'thita'rium. The law of instinct i',
consequently, the law of the living principh',
and instinctive actions are the actions of the
living principle. Instinct is natural. Reason is
acquired.
INSTINCTIVE. Tnntine'inx. Same etymon.
Relating to or caused by instinct; as inxlitielire
actions. See Emotional. Those instinctive ac-
tions of animals which are owing to imprpffiofi'
made on the sensory ganglia, exciting respondent
motor influences that are propagated to the va-
rious muscles of the body, are termed coimeii'sual.
INSTITUTES OF MEDICINE .'03
INTERCOSTAL
Consensual movements which accompany volun-
tary efforts williout our consciousness are terun.-d
annor.iiited, (F.) Aiu'icISh.
INSTITUTES OF MEDICINE, see Theory
of ini-(li<;inc.
INSTITUTUM ORTIIOP^DrCUM, Ortho-
j)cilic iiistituti<in.
IN'STRUMENT, //i«<»-i(/»f;('(((/rt, Or'fjnnum. A
tool, an a;:cnt,.
INSTKUMI'INTA. Purlibilia.
IN.STUUMEN'TUM ClIIRUR'GICUM. A
surgical tool or instriiineiit.
Instuumuntiim DiGHSTioNis. The digestive
apparatus.
Instiu'mkntiim Instrumkntouiim, Manus.
INSUFFICIENCY, (F.) InxujfixKiirp ,- from
ill, and niifficieut. Inadequateness to any end or
purpose, — » as IimiiJJicieiici/ nf the vnlrcH uf tlw
heart, (F.) [iiHuffinniice dfs viilviihs da dti-nr; — a
condition in which they are not adapted, as in
hcaltli, to properly close the apertures.
J^'SI'FF/SA iVOK, Insufficiency.
IMSUFFISANCE DE:S VALVULES 1)U
C(EI'R. Itisufficicncy of the valves of the heart.
INSUFFLA'TION, Jiisiijfia'tio, from in, mib,
and //(ire, 'to blow.' The a.ct of ))lowing a gas
or vapour into some cavity of the body; as when
tobacco smoke is injected into the rectum; or
when air is blown into the mouths of new-born
children to excite the respiratory functions.
INSULA, Insula cerebri.
In'siila Ckk'kbri, In/and or In'fula of Jlo.il.
The intermediate lobe of the brain, LnhiiK intvr-
me'diiin cer'eiri. A remarkable group of convolu-
tions within the fissure of Sylvius. It is called,
by Cruveilhicr, Lohide of the FinKiire of S^lvinii,
Ldbidc of the corpus striatum. The 'island' of
lleil, with the substantia perforata, forms the
base of the corpus striatum.
Insula Sanguinis, see Blood.
INS ULjE, Maculae, albiB — i. Pulmonales, see
Piilino.
INSULTUS. Attack, Paroxysm.
INSURANCE OP LIFE, see Life Insurance.
INTEGRITAS. Sanitas, Virginity.
INTEG'UMENT, Jntef/uweii'liim, Tegiimen'-
(mn, Tei/'uuieii, Terj'itiieu, Tcgmen, Involu'crum
eeu Velameu'titm corp'oris cominu'ne ; Vela' men
seu Velamentum nnti'vnm, from in, and ter/ere,
tectum, 'to cover.' (F.) Tegnmcnt. Any thing
which serves to cover, to envelop. The skin, in-
cluding the cuticle, rete mucosum, and cutis vera,
is the common \ute(jument or tp(jumeut of the bodj'.
INTEGUMEN'TA FCETUS. Membranes of
the fa'tus.
INTKCUMENTUM, Integument — L Cora-
mune, Integument.
IN'TELLECT, lutellec'tm, Nous, Mens, Gnome,
N'los, Nus, Noe'si's, Si/n'esis, from intclli(/ere, in-
tetlectum, (inter, 'between,' and Ivgere, 'to
choose:') 'to understand,' 'conceive,' 'know.'
(F.) Eiiteudement, Intelligence. The aggregate
of the intellectual fiicidties — perception, forma-
tion of ideas, memory, and judgment.
Intkt.i.kct, DKRAXGKn. Insanity.
L\ TKL L IGEXCK. In tell eet.
INTEM'PER.ANCE, Intemperon'tin ; Immode-
rnii'tia, Immodern'tio, Acra'sia, Acoln'sia, Ples'-
vione, Amet'ria, Aples'tia, from in, ' negation,'
and temperare, ' to temper.' Immoderate use of
food and drink, especially the latter; — a fruitful
source of disease.
INTK.MPER'IES. Same etymon. Di/acra'sin.
Derangement in the constitution of the atmo-
sphere and of the seasons ; bad constitution ; de-
rangement or disorder in the humours of the
body.
IXTENSIVUS, Entaticus.
INTEN'TION, Inten'tio, from in, and tendere,
tensnm sen teniiim, ' to stretch.' Propos'itum.
The object which one projtoses. In surgery, i\
wound is said to heal by the first intention, Jieu'-
nio per primnm intentio'nem, when cicatrization
occurs without suppuration ; union by tlie second
intention, Reu'nio per secun'dam intenlio' tiem,
being that which does not occur until tlie surfaces
have suppurated. To obtain union by the first
intention, the edges of a recent wound must bo
brought in apposition and kept together by means
of adhesive plasters and a ])roper bandage. Del-
pech has substituted for those expressions, lie-
nnlon jjrimitive, and Reunion secondaire.
INTERANEA, Entrails.
INTERARTIC'ULAR, Interarticnin' ris ; from
inter, 'between,' and artlcnlus, 'a joint.' Paris
situate betv/ecn the articulations are so called;
as interarticular cartilages, interarticular liga-
ments, (fee.
INTERCA'DENCE, Tntercnden'tia, Lttercl-
den'tia, from inter, 'between,' and codere, 'to
fall.' Disorder of the arterial pulsations, so that,
every now and then, a supernumerary pulsation
occurs. The pulse, in such case, is said to be
intercurrent.
INTER'CALARY, Intercnla'ris, Inter'cidens,
from intercalnre, ' to insert.' Emhol'imos. Inter-
pola'tus, Provocato'riiis. The days which occur
between those that are critical. The term has,
also, lieen applied to the days of apyrexia in in-
termittent fevers.
INTERCELL'ULAR, hiterceUuWris, (F.) Tu-
tercellulaire ; from iiiicc, ' between,' and cellulit,
' a small cell, a cellule.' That which is between
cells or cellules.
iNTKiiCELT.uLAR Fluid, Liquor Sanguinis.
Intkrcel'i-ulati Passages. A term given by
Mr. Rainey to irregular passages tlirougb the
substance of the lung, which form the termina-
tions of the bronchial tubes, are clustered with
air-cells, and not lined by mucous membrane.
lNTRRrEi,Li't,Aii SiiBSTANCK, scc Cy toblastcma.
INTERCEP'TIO, from inter, 'between,' and
capere, ' to take.' A bandage, by tlie aid of
which the ancients proposed to arrest the pro-
gress of the material cause of gout and rheu-
matism; and which consisted in covering tlie
affected limbs with carded wool: surrounding
them, afterwards, with broad bandages, applied
from the fingers to the axilla, or from the toes
to the groin.
InTKRCBI>TIO lNTRSTINORt^>r, IlcUS.
INrERCERVrCAlJX. Interspiuales colli.
INTERCIDENS, Intercalary.
INTERCIDENTIA, Intercadence.
INTERCILIUM. Mesophryon.
IN T E R C L AV I C'ULAR, Interdnriculn'ris,
from inter, 'between,' and c/avicula, 'a clavicle.'
That which is placed between the clavicles.
Interclavicular Lio'ament is a fibrims bun-
dle, placed transversely above the extremity of
the sternum, between the heads of the two clavi-
cles. This ligament is flat. Its fibres, which
are always longer above than below, are sepa-
rated by small apertures, which are traversed by
vessels. It prevents the separation of the tw>
clavicles in the forced depression of the shoulder.
INTERCOS'TAL, Intercosta'lis, from inter,
'between,' and costa, 'a rib.' Mesopleu'rus, jVe-
sopleu'rius. That which is situate between the
ribs. (F.) Sous-costal.
Intercostal Au'tkries vary in number. There
is constantl}', however, a supe'rior, Arte'rin, In-
tercosta'lis snpe'rior seu Intercosta'lis subcia' via,
which is given off from the posterior part of the
subclavian, and which sends branches into the
first two or three intercostal spaces; and, gene-
rally, eight or nine inferior or aortic iutercostals.
These arise from the lateral and posterior parts
INTERCOSTO-IIUMERAL NERVES 504
INTERMITTENT
of the peotoriil aorta, and ascend oliliqiiel}' in
front of tlic vortohral column, to gain tlie inter-
costal spaces, wliere tliey divide into a duinal
branch and an iiilercontnl, properly so called.
Intbrcostal Musclks are distinguislied into
internal,. — liiter-jilevrucontuu.r of Duiuas, — and
e.iteniiil. The /(timer are inserted into tile inner
lip, the loiter into tlie outer lip of the edge of the
li'is. Tlie fibres of the e-cternul intercontids are
directed obliquely downwards and forwards; and
those of the internal downwards and backwards,
lioth are inspiratory or expiratory muscles, ac-
cording as they take their origin on the upper or
lower rib. Some small, fleshy fibres, seen occa-
.^■lonally at the inner. surface of the thorax, de-
scending oliliqnely from one rib to another, have
Leen called Infriivi>iit<tle8.
Inteucostal Nervk, Trisplanchnic nerve.
ISTEUCOSTAL Kekves, Branches eoiiscontalen
(Ch.), CoHtal or Dorsal nerves, proceed from the
anterior branches of the dorsal nerves. They
are twelve in number, and are distributed espe-
cially to the muscles of the parietes of the chest
and abdomen.
Inteucostal Space, Interval'lmn seu Inter-
gtit"iiiin intercosta'le, 3/tsnplcii'riiiii, 3/esojjleu'-
riiiin, is the interval which separates one rib from
that immediately above or below it.
Intercostal Veins are distinguished like the
arteries. The ri'ijht superior ■inleicostal vein is
often wanting. When it exists, it opens into the
back part of the'subclavian. The same vein of
the left side is very large. It communicates with
the demi-azygos, receives the left bronchial vein,
and opens into tiie corresponding subclavian. The
riyht inferior intercostal veins open into the vena
azygos; and those of the left into the demiazygos.
INTKRCOS'TO-IIU'MERAL NERVES. So
called from their origin and distribution. They
are the cutaneous branches of the second and
tliird intercostal nerves.
INTERCUK'RENT, Intercur'rens, from inter,
' between,' and cnrrere, ' to run^.' Diseases iirc
.i^o called which supervene at different seasons of
the year, or wRich cannot be considered as be-
longing to any particular season. — Sydenham.
A disease is likewise so termed which occurs in
the course of another disease, as Intercurrent
J'nennioiria.
INTERCUTANEOIIS, Subcutaneous.
INTERDEN'TIUM, from inter, 'between,' and
dens, dentin, 'a tooth.' The interval between
teeth of the same order. — Linden.
INTER DfOIT AIRE. Interdigital.
1NTERDIG"ITAL, Inierdl,jiia'lis, (F.) Inter-
dlfjitaire ; from i/i(e;', ' between,' and diijitns, ^ a,
finger.' That which relates to the spaces be-
tween the fingers. Interdiyital space, (F.) Es-
jjace interdii/iiaire, is used, also, for the commis-
t-ure between tlie finsers.
INTERDIGrr"lUM. Same etymon as the last.
A corn or wart, which grows between the fingers
and toes, especially between the latter. — Pliny.
[NT ERE FINE UX CERVICAUX, Interspi-
rales colli.
INTERFEMINEUM. Perinseum, Vulva.
INTERFINIUM NARIUM, Septum narium.
INTERFCEMIN'EUM, (inter, ' between,' and
fenien, feminis, the inner part of the thigh,)
Perina3iim, Vulva.
INTERFORAMINEUM. Perineum.
I N T E R G A N GLION'IC, Inten/anglion'ieus,
from inter, ' between,' and (/anijiion, 'a knot.' An
e lithet for nervous cords, placed between gan-
glia, which they connect together.
INTERITUS. Death.
\'^TE\\hO'}ikVi,Interloha'r!s,(F.)Interlohaire,
from inter, 'between,' and lohns, 'a lobe.' That
which is between lobes, — as of the lungs.
INTERLOB'ULAR. Intrrluhnla'ris. from inter,
' l)ctween,' and lobnlns, 'a small lobe' That
whicli is between lobules, — as of the lung.f.
I.nterlobi!lar Fissures. The intervals be-
tween the lobules of the liver. The narrower
spaces are called Fissn'ra interlol>nla'rts,i\\c wider
sjjit'tia inter' liihida' res.-^KijWx'kvr. See Liver.
Interlobular Plexus of the Biliarv Ducts.
See Liver.
Interlobular Spaces. The angular inter-
stices formed in the liver by the apposition of
several lobules.
Interlob'ular Tisstie, Textnm interlohdn're,
Liijanien'ta interlobnla'ria putniu'nnm. The cel-
lular tissue between the pulmonary lobules.
Ixtkrlobiil.\r Veins, see Liver.
INTEKMAX'ILLARY, Litermaxilln'ris, from
inter, 'between,' and maxilla, 'a jaw.' That
which is situate between the maxillary bones.
Intermaxillary Bone, Inci'slve, Pal'ati»e,or
Labial bone, is a bonj' portion, wedged in between
the two superior maxillary bones, wliich sup]Mirt3
the upper incisors. This bone is found in the
mammalia; and, also, in the human foetus.
IXTERMEDE, Excipient.
INTERMEDIA LIGAMENTALIA sen NER-
VEA, Inscri|itiones tendineaa musculorum.
INTERMEDIAIRE DE WRISBERG, Por-
tio Wrisliergii.
INTERMEDIATE VASCULAR SYSTEM,
Capillary system.
INTERMENT, PREMATURE, Zoothapsis.
INTERMIS'SION, Intermis'sio, Dialeip'sis,
Dialip'sis, Tenipns intercala're, Interval' him, from
inter, 'between,' and niittere, missinn, 'to put or
send.' (F.) Interinittence. The interval which
occurs between two paroxysms of an intermittent
or other disease — during which the patient is al-
most in his natural state. There is said to be
intermission of the pulse, when, in a given num-
ber of puls:itions, one or more may be wanting.
INTERMITTENCE, Intermission.
INTERMIT'TENT, Intermit'tens. Same ety-
mon. ■- That wliich has intermissions.
Intermittent Fever, Febris inlennit'teus, Di-
alelp'yrn. Intermittens, Aii'etiis, Pyretoti/jn/sis,
Aijiie, Aijiie and Fever, Fever and Ai/iie, I'uhi'dal
or Pcriod'ic Ferer, (Prov.) Ayah, Cold-chill,
SIhakiiif/, Shakes, (Old Ung) Aksis, Anijf/ere,Axe»,
(F.) Flerre interniittente, F. d'Aeees, F. des ma-
rais, F. Periodii/iie, is a fever consisting of pa-
roxysms, with a complete state of ajiyrexia in the
intervals. The chief types are the Qnotidiaii,
Tertian, and Quartan. The symptoms of inter-
mittents are those of a decided anil completely
marked cold staije : (F.) Stade defroid, attended
with paleness; collapse; impaired sensibility ; and
coldness, more or less diffused, followed by gene-
ral rigors. After this occurs t\\e hot staye ; Slade
de la Chaleur, the heat returning partially and
irregularly, and at length beooniing universal,
and much above the standard of health. The .
pulse is now hard and strong; tongue while;
urine high-coloured; thirst consideralile. At
length, the swealiny slaye, (F.) Stade de Snenr,
makes its appearance: the moisture usually be-
ginning on the forehead, face, and neck, and soon
extending universally ; the heat abating; thirst
ceasing; the urine throwing down a sediment,
and the functions being gradually restored to
their wonted state. The tertian type is the most
common, and the quartan the most severe. The
quotidian more readily changes into a remittent
and continued fever. The quartan has, genernllyi
the longest cold stage, the tertian the longest hot.
The chief e.reilinr/ cause is marsh miasmata.
Ague, also, occurs in districts where there are no
marshy emanations. Such districts are, gene-
INTERMUSCULAR
50 5
INTERSCAPULAR
rnlly, of a volciinio nature; further we I;now not. |
When the (lisea^o has onee attacked an iniliviilual,
il is apt to recur. The pioi/iioHin is, in general,
favourahle, as far as regarils life ; but long pro-
tracted intermictents are apt to induce visceral
ohslruetions, and engorgements, which may end
i:i driipsy. In some countries, the disease is of
a very pernicious character. The indications of
trealinerit are, 1. To abate the violence of the
))aroxysin; and, 2. To prevent its return. The
lirst indication demands the adoption of the gene-
r.il principles and remedies rec|uired in ordinary
fever. The nrcoud is the most important. The
jieriod of apyrexia is that for action. The means
for fulfilling this indication are: — the use of
emetics, purgatives, cinchona, quinia, &c., arsenic,
and forcible impressions made on the mind of the
patient.
INTKRMUS'CULAR, Intermuscnla'rix. from
inter, 'between,' and miiHculim, ' a muscle.' That
which is phiecd between muscles.
iNTKitMii.'sciii.AR Ai'ONKUito'sKS are aponeu-
rotic laniiuiE or sejjta, situate between muscles,
to which they often give attachment.
LXTER'NAL, fmiei; Ititer'iins. That which is
jilaced on the inside. This epithet is given to
)iiirts tliat look towards an imaginary central
](lane, which divides the body into two equal and
syaiuietrical portions, as well as to those which
correspond with a cavity. Thus, we say — the iii-
Iffiicd or inner surfitce of the arm or thigh, skull,
Ac.
Intkrnal Diseases. Mnrhi Inter'ni, are those
which occupy the inner parts of the body. Their
investigation belongs to the phj'sician ; external
diseases falling under the management of the
surgeon.
y.V TKI'XA T. The post or offico of an interne.
IXTI'JR\ ty, see Iloiise-Surgeon.
INTERNODIA DIGITOKUM MANUS, Pha-
langes of the fingers — i. Digitorum pedis. Pha-
langes of the toes.
IN'TERNO'DIUM, from inter, 'between,' and
iimlnn. 'a knot.' The part of the fingers between
the joints. A phalanx.
INTERNUN'CIAL, rnternnne!„'lhjTmn inter,
'between,' a.nd nnncins, 'a messenger.'' Relating
or belonging to a messenger between parties. A
term applied by Mr. Hunter to the functions of
the nervous svsteui.
INTKRXliN'Tir DIES, Critical days.
IXTKRNUS AURIS, Tensor tynipiini— i. Mal-
lei, Tensor tvmp""'-
INT1',RR6s'S?:0US, rntero>,'^e„R. Thatwhich
is situate between the bones; from inter, 'be-
tween,' and OH, ' a bone.'
I.NTKIIOSSEOIIS Ak'tHUIES OF TUB FoUEARM
AND Hand. Of these there are several. The
common liiteroHseons arteri/ arises from the poste-
rior part of the ulnar, a little below the bicipital
tuberosity of the radius; passes backwards and
divides into two branches: the one called coi^c-
rior interoKKeoHn descends vertically, anterior to
the interosseous ligament; the other, called pos-
teriiir interoKHeonH, passes above the ligament,
Appears at its posterior part and divides into two
great branches, — the poalerinr recurrent radial
niid the ponterior interoiHeonx, properly so called.
In the liand. — I. The dorsal metacarpal intenm-
teoiiK arterien are given otf by the dorsalin carpi,
n division of the radial artery. 2. The palmar
internnHeoHK arteriet, which arise from the con-
vexity of the deep palmar arch, and give off the
middle interosseoim orterien, .3. TUo domalinter-
OKHciiHK of the index, ])roeeeding directly from the
radial artery. In the foot, are distinguished: —
1. The dorsal interosseons arteries, three in num-
ber, which arise from the artery of the mctatar-
£U8, a braucb uf tho dorsfalis tursi. 2. The/i/anfar
interosseous arteries, which are, also, three in
number, and arise from the plantar arch.
I.NTEUossEous Lig'aments. Ligaments seated
between certain bones, which they unite; such
are the ligaments between the radius and ulna,
and between the tibi'a and fibula.
iNTKitossEous Mt'scLES. These occupy the
spaces between the bones of the nietacaipus and
metatarsus; and, consecjnentl}', belong, — some to
the hand, others to the foot.
iNTEitossEOiis Nerve is a branch, given off by
the median nerve, which descends before the in-
terosseous ligament, accompanying the artery of
the same name.
Intekosseol's Veins have the same arrange-
ment as the arteries.
Interosseus ManGs, (F.) Muscle interosseiix
de In main. — Metaearpo-phalan</ien-lateral sns-
palmulre et inetaearpo-phalanjien lateral, (Ch.)
These muscles are seven in number; two for each
of the three middle fingers, and one for the little
finger. Four are situate on the back of the hand,
and three only in the palm. They are inserted
into the metacarpal bones, and send a tendon to
the tendon of the extensor communis. Accord-
ing to their office, they are, to each finger, an ad-
dnrlor and an ahdnrtor. The index has a dorsal
abductor and a palmar one. The middle finger
has two dorsal muscles f(jr adductor and abduc-
tor; the ring fint/er has a dorsal adductor and a
palmar abductor; and the little finger has only
one interosseous abductor, which is palmar.
These muscles produce abduction and adduction
of the fingers, which they can also extend, owing
to their connexion with the extensor tendons.
Intkhos'seus Pedis, 3letutarsu-phalangien-
lateral, (Ch.) The number, arrangement, shape,
and uses of these are the same as in the ease of
the preceding muscles. Four are dorsal, and
three plantar : six belong to the three middle toes
and one to the little toe. The great toe is devoid
of them. As in the hand, they are distinguished,
in each toe, into abductor and adductor.
iNTEiiO.ssKiis Srcundijs, Prior medii digiti — i.
Quartus, Prior annularis.
IXTEROSSEUX DE LA MAIN, Tnterosseus
manfls.
INTERPARI'ETAL BONE, 0> Interparie-
ta'le. A bone found in the skulls of the children
of the Peruvian races. It lies in the situation
of the upper angle of the occipital bone, where
the |)arietal bones separate from each other; and
is the analogue of the interparietal bone of ru-
minants and carnivora.- — Tschudi.
INTERPEDUN'CULAR, Interpedimcula'ris;
from inter, ' between,' and pednncnli. ' peduncles.'
A term, applied to that which is jdaced between
the peduncles of the encephalon, — as Intcrpednti-
cidar space; il lozenge-shajied interval, l>ehind
the diverging peduncles or crura of ttie cerebrum,
in which are found the posterior perforated space,
corpora albicantia. tuber eiiiereum, or infundi-
bulum. an<l jiitnitary body.
INTERPELLA'TUS. (Jforhns.) from ivterpel.
lo, (inter, and petlo,) "I interrujit.' A term, by
which Paracelsus designated those (Jiseases whose
progress is une(iual, and paroxysms irregular.
INTEUPLE VB 0-COSTA UX, Intercostal
mus(des.
INTfiRPOLATUS. Intercalary.
INTERRUPTIO MENSTRUATIONIS, Ame-
norrhnoa.
INTERSCAP'ULAR, hitersenpnla'ris, (inter,
and scapnla.) That which is between the shoul-
ders; as the inlerscapulnr region. The interacp-
ii/ar carlties, Carita'tes interscapnla' res, arc tiio
depressions between the scapulaj and the spinous
processes of the vertebrae.
INTERSCAPULIUM
500
INTESTINE
INTERSCAPU'LIUM. The spine of the
scapula.
I>fTEllSECTrO, Deoussation, Intersection.
IX I'E RESECTION, liitersec'tln, Dlnc'„pe, irnm
inter, 'Ijetween,' and seen, sect ii in, 'to cut.' The
point where two lines meet and cut each other.
The name nponenmt' !c intersectittn is given to
filirous bauds, whic-h certain muscles present in
their length, and by which they seem inter-
rupted. Aponeurotic intersections are found in
the recti muscles of the ab<lomen ; in the semi-
membranosus, coinplexus, sterno-thyroideus, &,c.
INTERSKCTIONES TENDIXE^E MUSCU-
LOllUM, Iiiscriptiones tendinea? museuloruin.
I.VTERSEPIMENTUM THORACIS, Medi-
astinmn.
INTERSEPTA HORIZONTALIA PACCHI-
ONI, Tentorium.
INTERSEP'TUM, from inter, 'between,' and
septum, 'a partitinn.' Cion, Ktu)v. The uvula;
al.-o, the septum narium. The diaphragm.
IxTEUSKi'TUM N.viiiuM, Septum narium — i. Vlr-
ginale, Ilvmen.
INTEliSlTNAL. Tnter^phin'Us, from inter,
'between,' and Hpimi, ' the spine.' That which is
seated between the spinous processes.
IsTKitsi'i'NAl, Lig'amknt, }femhr(i'n<t internp!-
iin'lis, (F.) Lifpniieut interepinenx. These occupy
the inti^rvals between the spinous processes in the
back and loins. In the neck, they are replaced
by the muscles of the same name. They prevent
the too great flexion of the spine, ami keep the
spinous processes in situ. The outermost thick-
ened portions of these are, sometimes, termed
Litj'tmen'tn a'picnm.
INTERSPIiNTA'LES COLLI, Spina'les Colli
mino'res, Spinn'tl, (F.) Interepinenx-cerricnnx,
Intercerricun.r, (Ch.) These are twelve in num-
ber, and occujiy, in two parallel rows, the inter-
vals between the spinous processes of the cervical
vertebras, from that of the atlas and vertebra
dentata, to that between the last cervical and first
dorsal vertebr.a. They are flat, thin, and quad-
rilateral. These muscles contribute to the exten-
sion of the neck and to throwing the head back-
wards.
Interspixalrs Dorsi et Litmbo'riim; por-
tions of the Triinsrersiiire-epinen.r of Boyer, and
the sacrospinal, of Chaussier. Tliese muscles are
of two kinds. The one (Muscle tp-iind eplneiix
da dos, of Witislow) representing fleshy bundles
of different lengths, applied upon the lateral sur-
faces of the spinous processes, from the third
dorsal vertebra to the second lumbar. The other
(Itfiiscle petit epinen.c da dos, Winslow) covered
by the preceding. They are situate on each side
of the interspinal ligament, in the form of small,
short flat bundles, which pass from one spinous
jjrocess to the second, third or fourth above it.
These muscles aid in extending the vertebral co-
lumn ; and incline it a little to one side, when
they act on one side only.
INTER'STICE. Tnterst!t"inm. Arceo'mn, from
inter, 'between,' and sto, 'I stand.' Dlnste'rna,
Jnlervnl'luni. Anatomists have given this name
to the intervals between organs. The iliac crest,
crista ilii, for example, has two lips and an in-
terstice between them, which affords attachment
to the lesser oblique muscle of the abdomen.
Intkrstioi;, Pore.
INTBR.STIT"IAL, Interstltia'lis, same ety-
mon. Applie<l to that which occurs in the inter-
stices of an organ, — as 'interstitial absorption/
'interstitial pregnane}',' &c.
INTERSTITIU.M, Interstice — i. Ciliare, Cili-
ary ligament — i. Intercostale, Intercostal space —
i, Jugulare, Throat.
INTERTIXCTUS, Discreet.
IXTEIi TRA CITE LIENS, Intertransversalci
colli.
I XTER TRANSVERSA IRES DES
LOM HES. In t er trans versa les lumborum.
INTERTRANSVERSA'LIS, Intertransrrrs,,'.
rius. That which is placed between the trans-
verse processes of the vertebrne.
Intkhtkansversai.ks Colli. (F.) fnierimns.
versaires cervicnnx, Interlrticlietienx, (Ch.) 'i'licso
are small, muscular bundles ; quadrilateral: thin
and flat; situate, in pairs, in the interval.s be-
tvveen the transverse processes of the neck, ex-
cept between the first and seeon<l, where there is
only one. They are distinguished into anlirinr
and posterior. Tlie former are six in nuinlicr;
the latter five. These muscles bring the trans-
verse processes of the neck nearer each other,
and contribute to the lateral flexion of the neck.
IXTKltTEtANSVKRSAr.ES Ll'mio'RliM, Mn.lcnl! ill-
tertransrersi hniibo'rnm, (¥.) Intertransrersaiies
des loinbes. These are almost entirely flcliy, and
ten in number; five on each side. They are si-
milar to the preceding in general arrangement;
except that they are more marked, and not placed
in two rows. Each intertransverse space contaiiKS
only one. They are quadrilateral, and flat. Tlio
first occupies the space between the transverse
processes of the first lumbar .and the last dorsal
vertebra; and the last is between that of the
fourth and fifth lumbar vertel)rifi. These nuis-
cles incline the lumbar regions laterally; and
straighten it when inclined to one side.
INTERTKKJO. Chafing— i. Podicis, Chafing.
INTERVAL, LUCID, see Lucid.
IXTERVALLUM, Intermission, Interstice— i.
Intercostale, Intercostal space.
IXTKRVENIUM, Mesophlebium.
INTERVER'TEHRAL. Interrertehra'lls, (in-
ter, and rertidirn.) That which is situate lietwufn
the vertebrae.
Inter vehtkbral CAit'xiLAGKS, Fihro-mrli-
Jaijes ttr d ixcs, Li</<unen'ta intervertehrn'lia, F'dirn.
ciirtilur/'' ines intervertebrn'les. These organs iiro
of a fibro-eartilaginous nature; sections of a
cylinder; flexible; whitish; resisting; and situ-
ate between the bodies of the vcrtehric, — from
the space between the second and third as far as
that between the last vertebra and sacrum. Their
form is accommodated to that of the vertebra
with which th^y are in connexion ; so that, in the
neck and loins, they are oval, whilst in the dorsal
region they are nearly circular.
Intervertebral Discs, Intervertebral carti-
lages — i. Fibro-cartilages, Intervertebral earli-
'iXTESTABILIS, Castratu.i,
IXTESTATUS. Castratus.
INTEST/X, Intestine.
INTES'TINAL, Intestina'Us, Enter'icus, En-
ler'ic,(F.) Enterlqne, from intns, 'within.' That
which belongs to tlie intestines, — as iniestimd
canal, &c. Bordeu uses the term Ponls intestimd.
for a pulse, which he conceived to announce an
approaching crisis by the intestines.
Intestinal .Juice, Succus entericus.
Intestinal Tube or Tract, Cann'lis sou Tmr.
tus intestino'rnm. The canal formed by the in-
testines from the pyloric orifice of the stouia<'h to
the anus.
INTES'TINE, Intesti'nnm, En'teron. Chorda,
Gut, Nedifia (pi.), Pan'tices (id.), liocfli (pi.),
Rowel, (F.) hiteslin, Doyau. Same etymim. A
musculo-menibranous canal, variously convoluted,
which e.xtends from the stomach to the anus, and
is situate in the abdominal cavity; the greater
part of which it fills. In man. its length is six
or eight times that of the body. It is divided
into two principal portions, called snudl intfsinie
and larije intestine. The former, Intesti'num
INTESTINORUM L.EVITAS 507
INULA
ir»'iie, I. griic'ilp, (F.) Fiitenlhi greic, constitutinj;
neiirly four-lifths of the whole length, hej^itis at
the Ktumiieh ami teniiinates in the rif;ht iliac
ro;;ii>n. It is divided \\\io dn<idenu)ii, jfjiiHiim and
ileum. Some aniitomists give the name initi/l iii-
tenline. to the last two only ; which are kept in
jilacc hy the mesentery, and form a large ^HC/j/ef,
occiipyinj; the unihiliciil and hypogastric rej;ions,
a part of the flanks, of the iliac regions, and of
the cavity of the pelvis. It is composed of, 1. A
serous membrane, which is peritoneal. 2. Of a
muscular coat, whose fibres are very pale, and
are placed, in part, longitu<iinally ; but the
greater j)art transversely. 8. Of a whitish, mu-
cous membrane ; villous, and forming folds or
valves — valviilcB tyinniveiiten — at its inner surface,
and furnished with a number of mucous fol-
licles, called (//audi of liieborkiihn, (VnjptH or
FdllicleK (if fjirherkuliii,) and in the duodenum
with the ijldndu of Brunner. The arteries of
the small intestine proceed from the superior
mesenteric; its veins open into the vena porta.
Its nerves proceed from the superior mesenteric
plexus. The large intestine, /iitcntl'inim craesiim,
Mi'i/(d()c(e'liii, (F.) Gros iiitenti'ii, forms a sequence
to the small. It is much shorter, and is solidly
attached in the regions of the abdomen which it
occupies. It begins in the right iliac region ; as-
cends along the right (lank, till beneath the liver,
when it crosses the upper part of the abdomen,
descends into the left iliac fossa, and i)lunges into
the pelvic cavity, to gain the anus. The great
intestine is usiially divided into three portions, —
the caicHiii, cidon and rectum. It receives its ar-
teries from the superior and inferior mesenteries.
Its veins open into the vena porta. Its nerves
are furnished by the mesenteric ple-xuses. Its
lymphatic vessels, which are much less numerous
than those of the small intestine, pass into the
ganglions or glands seated between the different
refli'otioiis of the peritoneum, which fi.v it to the
abdominal parietes. The use of the intestines
is, — in the upper part, to effect the ehylification
of the food and the absorption of the chyle; — in
the hiwer, to serve as a reservoir, where the ex-
creinentiti(ms portion of the food collects ; ami,
also, as an e.vcretory duct, which effects its ex-
pulsion.
INTESTINORUM L^VITAS, Lientcry.
INTESTINULA CEREBRI, Convolutions
(cerebral) — i. Meibomii. Meibomius, glands of.
INTESTINULUM. Funiculus umbilicalis.
INTESTINUM CELLULATUM, Colon— i.
Circunivolutuui, "Ileon — i. Crassutn, Colon, see
Intestine — i. Gracile, see Intestine — i. (trande,
Colon — i. Laxum, Colon — i. Majus, Colon — i.
Medium, Mesentery — i. Plenum, Colon — i. Rec-
tum, Rectum — i. Teniie. see Intestine.
INTIMU.M UNOUrS, Nail, root of the.
INTONATIO INTESTINALIS, Borboryg-
mus.
INTORRIO, Distortion.
INTOXICATIO, Poisoning — i. Arsenicalis,
Arscnicismus — i. Opiaca, Meconismus — i. Satur-
nina. Saturnismns.
IXTOXICATIOX. Poisoning. Temulentia— /.
Anlimoiiltile, Stibialism — /. dev jVaraia, see
Miasm.
fXTOXfCA TIOX SA TURNIXE. Lead poi-
soning; saturnine cachexy. The aggregate of
symptoms which present themselves prior to an
attack of load colic. — Tanquerel des Planches.
INTRALIXC.UAL SALIVARY GLANDS,
see .'>idiv.irv glands.
INTKALOirULAR, n>tral(d,-d(i'r!» ; from in-
tra, 'within,' and lolndiin. 'a lobule.' Relating
to the space within a lobule : — as the " iiitndohn-
l(ir veiim," reii(S sou veu'ii/a" iiitrnlobidn'ren SOU
centra'les, of the liver : — veins which communi-
cate with the interlobular veins, and are the ra-
dicles of the hepatic veins.
INTRA-PEL VIO THOCHANTERIEN, Ob-
turator intenius.
INTRA-U'TERINE, lutrnUteri'nus ; from in-
tra, 'within,' and xttenis, 'the womb.' That
which takes place within the womb — as 'iiitni-
iiteriiie life.'
INTRICATURA, Decu.=sation.
INTRIN'SIC, Intrin'HecHS ; from intra, 'with-
in,' and necHs, 'towards.' Applied to the internal
muscles of certain organs; a.s those of the ear,
tongue, and larynx. Linnaeus gave the name
Iiitriii'neri to internal diseases.
INTROITUS PELVIS, see Pelvis— i. Vaginic,
Rima vulvae.
INTROMIS'SION, Litromix'x!,, ; from !>,tro,
'within,' and mittn, m!nmim, 'I send.' The ac-t
of introducing one body into anocher, as Iiilni-
mimtio Pein'n, (F.) lutrdmisaiou de In Ver(je.
INTROSUSCEPTIO, Intussuseeptio — i. En-
tropium, Entropi()n.
INTUBU.M, Cichorium endivia — i. Erraticum,
Cichorium intvbus.
INTUMES'CENCE, Intnweicen'tia, Oiuo'xii,
Dioiicd'nin, from iiitumeitcere, (in, and tumciccrr,
'to swell.') Augmentation of size in a part or in
the whole of the body. Sauvages uses the word
Intumencen'tlcB for an order of (liseases, in which
he comprehends polysarcia, pneumatosis, ana-
sarca, oedema, phvsconia, and pregnancv.
INTUMESCENTIA GAXGLIFOR.MIS. Gan-
glion of Gasser, see Facial nerve — i. Lactea Mam-
marum, Sparganosis — i. Lienis, Splenoncus — i.
Semilunaris, Ganglion of (iasser.
INTUS INVERSUS, Transposition of the vis-
cera.
INTUSSUSCEP'TIO. from intus, 'within,' .and
aiiscipio, nimceptnni, 'I receive.' Introsiiscej/tii). In
p]iij»iol(>(jii : — the mode of increase peculiar to
organized bodies. In pntlio/o;/!/, like Coiir(d'vii-
hm, V(d'itdus seu Suxcep'tia seu J'arisdf/o'j/e in-
tentino'rnm, Chordap'nini, £iiter(ipnrii<(i(/ii'(/e, In-
d!(/it(i'tl(>, Tornien' turn, and luvot/hitt'tio, it means
the introduction of one part of the intestinal canal
— intunauscep'tum — into another, which serves
it as a sort of vayina or sheath, (ienerally, it is
the upper part of the small intestine, which is re-
ceived into the lower — intuimixcip'iens — when the
intussusception is said to be proyren'sire. At
times, however, it is ret' rorjrade. As the disease
cannot be positively detected by the symptoms,
it must be treated upon general principles. At
times, the invaginated portion has separated and
been voided per anum, — the patient recovering.
The disease is, however, of a very dangerous
character.
INTUSSUSCEPTUM, see Intussuseeptio.
INTUSSUSCIPIENS, see Intussuseeptio.
INTYBUM, Cichorium endivia.
INTYBUS IIORTENSIS, Cichorium endivia.
INULA, see Inula hclenium — i. Britannica,
I. dysenterica — i. Common, I. helenium — i. Co-
ny z.nea, I. dysenterica.
In'i'LA. Dy.skntkr'ica. The systematic name
of the Leaser Inula, I. Britan' nica seu Cii)niza''(t,
Aster dynenfer'icHS seu nndnlii'titu, Pidica'ria
di/Henter'icn, Coni/'za, C. media. Ar'nica Sitedfu'-
nis seu spii'ria, Cnni'la mas'eidti seu we'dia, Cu-
nila'gn, (Vrny.) Mine's fat, (F.) Aunee 'intidys-
enteriqiie, Ilerhe de Saint Ruth. Af(^ Ord. Com-
positse. This plant was once considered to pos-
sess great antidysenteric virtues. The whole
plant is acrid and somewhat aromatic.
Ini'la Hei.en'icm. The systematic name of
the El'eeampnne, En'ida, E. campa'na, Elen'inm,
Necta' rinm, Heleninm, Aster helen'itim seu offici-
nn'lis, Corvisnr'lla helen' turn, Camman Inula, (F.)
AunSe ou Aunee officinale. The root lu'ulu
INUNCTIO
508
IONIA
(Ph. U. S.) was formerly in high esteem in dys-
pepsia, cacliexia, pulmonary affections, &c. It
is now scarcely used.
Inula, Lksser, Inula dysenterica — i. Squar-
rosa, Cony/.a squarrosa.
INUNCTIO, Inunction, Liniment.
INUNCTION, Lnuic'tio, PeniNc'th. Illit";,),
Illi'tiis, Il/!iiit" io, Oliliiiit"i», Chrixls, Cdtiir.h' ri-
sl», Diach'riiis, Ji/iich'riiis, Uiictio, from inun-
ycre, ixinictiim, (in, and ntujere, iDictiiiii,) 'to
iinoint.' The act of rubbing in an ointment
or a liniment, iiiictioii, (F.) Onction, Inniictioii.
Inunction of the whole body with a piece of
bacon, lard, or with oil, has been recommended
ill scarlatina, measles, and in scrofulous or tuber-
culous cachexia.
INUNDATIO, Depuration.
INUSTIO. Cauterization, Cauterium.
INUSTORIUM, Cauterium.
I.\VAG"INATED, ln>-<i<iiiia'tm, from ?'», and
viiyhia, 'a sheath.' Applied to a part which is
received into another, as into a'sheath.
The iiivni/iiKited or slit niid tail hdndnge is one
in which strips or tails pass through appropriate
slits or button-holes.
INVAGINATIO, Intussusceptio.
INVAtilNA'TION, /iivn;/i,i,i'tio. Intussus-
ceptio. Also, an operation, which consists in in-
troducing one end of a divided intestine into the
other, with the view of restoring the continuity
of the intestinal canal.
The name I)irrif/ination is, likewise, given -10
an operation for the radical cure of crural hernia,
which consists in introducing into the crural
canal a thick tent of charpie, the effect of which
is. by compression and adhesive inflammation, to
obliterate the neck of the hernial sac. — Nysten.
INVALETUDO, Infirmity.
INVALID, Valetudinary.
INVALIDING, (F.) He/orme. The removal
from the army of a soldier, who has become, from
infirmity, unfit for service.
INVAIJDUS, Valetudinary.
INVASIO. Arche, Attack, Paro.xvsra,
IN VERMIN ATION, Helminthiasis.
INVERSIO PALPEBRARUM, Entropion— i.
Uteri, Ilvsteroptohis, Uterus, inversion of the.
INVERSION DE LA MATRIUE, Uterus,
inversion of the — ■)'. dn Lnmhetiu, see Flap.
INVERTENTIA, Absorbents, Antacids.
INVESTITURA FUNICULI UMBILICA-
LIS. see Fiiniculis umbiliealis.
INVETERATUS, Chronic.
INVISCANTIA, Incrassantia.
INVISCA'TIO OC'ULI, from i», and vixrinn,
'bird lime.' A morbid adhesion of the eyelids to
each other, or to the globe of the eye. Also,
gluing together of the eyelids by a viscid secre-
tion.
INVOLU'CRUM, Tm:„himen'tHm, from invol-
vcre, {ill, and coU-ere, votntiiiii.) 'to fold in.' A
covering: hence Involu'cra eer'ebri, the mem-
branes of the brain. Iiicotu'cra iiervo'nini, the
frheaths of the nerves.
IvvoLUCRCJM ConDis, Pericardium — i. Corporis
co\nmune, Integument — i. Liogiiie. see Tongue —
i. Meinbranaceuin, Decidua reflexa — i. Nervorum,
Neurilemma — i. Reti eomparatum, Retina.
INVOLUMENTUM, Invoiuerum.
INVOLVEXTIA, Demulcents.
J ODE. Iodine.
lODKS, ^Eruirinous.
lODETUM HYDRARGYRICUM, Hydrargyri
iodidum rubrum.
WDHYDRARnYRITE DE CHLORURE
31ERGUREUX, Mercury, iodide of chloride of.
lOD'IC, lod'iciis, (F.) lodiqiie. Same etymon
as Iodine. Containing iodine.
IODIDUM HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDI,
Mercury, iodide of chloride of — i. irydrnrgyriciiiD,
Hydrargyri iodidum rubrum — i. Ilyilrargyrosuui,
Ilvdrargvri ioiliduui.
I'ODINE, I,/dinn,L.'dimm (Ph. U. S., 1842),
/odlii'iiim (Pli. U. S., 1851), Jodiii'eiiiii, lo'diiiii,
Ii/diiim, lo'iiiiim, Jii'iiiiiH, (F.) lode; from twit/s,
tuol)('oeiis, 'of a violet colour,' so called from tlio
violet vapour it exhales when volatilized. It ig
contained in the mother waters of certain fuel
and is obtained by pouring an excess of concen-
trated sulphuric acid on the water obtained by
burning different fuci, lixiviating the aslic.H and
concentrating the liquor. The mixture is i)liiccd
in a retort to which a receiver is attached, ami is
boiled. The iodine passes over and is condensed.
It is solid, in the form of plates; of a bluish gray
colour, of a metallio brightness, and smell similar
to that of the chloride of sul|)hur. Its s. g. is
4.946. When heated, it becomes volatilized, and
affords the vapour which characterizes it. With
oxygen it forms Iodic acid, and with hydrogen
Hi/diiodio acid. The tincture of iodine and the
iodides have been emjjloj'cd with great success in
the treatment of goitre and of some scrofulous
affections. It must be administered in a very
small dose and for a long period. It is said to be
apt, however, to induce cholera morbus, signs of
great nervous irritability, lodoiiie'thc, (F.) Jcveane
iodiqiic, and emaciation of the mamnue. AVlicn
these symptoms, collectively termed J'odimn, Jo-
d(/'nin, and Jodin'ia, (F.) Cuvhexie iudee, are
urgent, the dose may be diminished, or it may be
wholly discontinued, and afterwarcJs resumed.
Various preparations of iodine are employed in
medicine.
lODINED, Iodized.
I'ODIZED, /'o(/i'»erfy lodisa'tua. Impregnated,
or affected with, iodine, or its preparations.
lUDINIA, see Iodine.
lODINIUM, Iodine.
lODINUM, Iodine.
lODIQUE, Iodic.
lODISM, see Iodine.
lODIUM, Iodine.
I'ODOFORM, lodofor'mnm, (F.) Todoforme, To.
dure de formyle ; so called from its analogy to
chloroform. It is obtained by the reaction on
each other of iodine, bicarbonate of potassa, water,
and alcohol. It is in crystalline plates, of a beau-
tiful citrine colour; and may be given in the saaie
cases as the other preparations of iodine. Dose,
one grain, three times a day. It is the miitjiii-io-
dide of carhoii. See Carbonis sesqui-iodidum.
JOhOGNOSlE, lodognosis.*
lODOGNO'SIS, (F.) lodor/Hotie ; from iodine,
and yvwati, 'knowledge.' A knowledge of iodine
in its various relations.— Dorvault.
lODOHYDRARGYRATE OF POTASSIUM,
see Iodine.
lODOMETHE, see Iodine.
lODOPE'GiE, from iodnm, 'iodine,' and Triyri,
'a spring.' Mineral waters containing iodine.
lODOPHTHISIE. from iodine, and ii,Mm,
'phthisis.' Loss of flesh and strength produced
by iodine.
lODOSIS. see Iodine.
lODUM, Iodine.
10 DURE DE FORMYLE, Iodoform—''.
de Meiciire, Hydrargyri iodidum — ?'. de Rlninb,
Plumbi iodidum — i. Plomhique, Plumbi iodidum
— i'. de PotiiHuiiini, Potassae hydriodas — >'. de
Quinine, Quinia; hydriodas — i. dc Sou/re, Sul-
phuris iodidum — ;. de Zinc, Zinci iodidum.
lODUKETUM AMMONITE, see Iodine — i.
Amyli, see Iodine — i. Hydrargyrosum, Hydrar-
gyri iodidum — i. Sulphuris, see Iodine.
lODYMUS, Dicephalus.
ION, Viola.
IONIA, Teucrium chamtepitys.
lONIDIUM MARCUCCI
509
IRIS
TONID'IUM MARCUCCI, Chichim-luilll — t\.\
Pdiith Amoricfin pliint. ,SVar. SijhI. Fentnnilria j
M'>nof?ynia; Nut. Oi'l. Violiirise ; snid to be ex- i
trcrnc'ly eflicacious in the Mai de San Lazaro, of
Ciil'>inl)ia.
IONIUM, Iodine.
lONTA, sec Excretion.
lON'TIIUS, VaniH, Vinlrt Eruption, from lov,
'the violet,' and avSoi. 'a flower,' or uvdoi, ' foul-
ness' [?]. An unsu[)i)urative, tubueular tumour;
stationary; eliiefly on the faee. A p;enus in the
class flamiiilicii, order Phfofjulim of (iood.
loNTiius CoiiYMBiFKU, Gulta rosea — i. Varus,
Aene.
lONUM, Iodine.
lOTACIS'MUS, from the Greek letter Iota.
Defective articulation, — the patient not being
able to pronounce the palatals J and 7 soft.
IPECAC, Apocynuni androsa;inifoliuin. Eu-
phorbia corollata, Gillenia trifoliata, Ipecacuan-
ha, Triostenm — i. American, Apocynum androsae-
mifolium — i. Wild, Euphorbia ipecacuanha.
Il'KCACUAX'IIA. In common parlance, often
nbridRod to Ipf^cnr, and in Ireland to Hippo.
Tlie pharmacopoeial name of the root of Ctjihue'-
lln scu Calliroe'ca ipecariitni'ha, TpecactKiii'hn,
Cogoaanfjn, IIi/poitcnii'ii<i, Hippnncnn'nn. (F.) Ip(-
cmiianliii aiitiele. Nat. Orel. Cinchonacoa'. It is
also obtained from the Pni/cho'tr!a einet'ica of
Peru. The odour of the root, Iperaeunn'hri root.
Jpecaciiiin'hm rndix, Radi.v Brazillcn'aiH, — Ijye-
C(ta«mha (Ph. U. S.), (F.) Jlachte lirMh'eynie ou
de lirhil), — is faint and peculiar; taste bitter,
gubacrid, and mucilaginous; both water and alco-
hol extracts its virtues, which depend on a pecu-
liar principle, called Emet'ia. It is emetic in
large doses ; sudorific in smaller. Dose, as an
emetic, gr. xx to xxx, — alone, or united with gr.
i. to ij of tartarized antimony.
Ii'iccACUANiiA, Euphorbia corollata, Pedilan-
thus tithymaloides — i. AnneU, Ipecacuanha — i.
Bastard, Asdepias eurassavica, Triosteum perfo-
liatum — /. Jl/nnc de VUc de Fninee, Tylophora
nsthmatica — i. Bhnic. de St. Dorin'/K/iic, Asclcpias
eurassavica — i. of the Isle of France, Tylophora
asthmatica.
Ipecaouan'ha, White, is obtained from diffe-
rent species of Jiichiirdsnitid and foiiidiiim. 17'-
0/0 ipeeaciian'hd seu Solea t'pevociKiii'Iin seu I'oin-
ba'lea ipecaciian'ha also affords it. It i.s weaker
than the gray.
IPO, Upas.
IPOMffiA BATATOiDES, see Convolvulus ja-
kpa — i. Jalapa, Convolvulus jalapa — i. Maeror-
rhiza. Convolvulus jalapa — i. Mestitlanica, see
Convolvulus jalapa — i. Nil, Convolvulus nil — i.
Operculata, see Batata de purga— i. Orizal>ensis,
see Convolvulus jalapa — i. Purga, see Convol-
vulus jalapa — i. Sehiedeana, see Convolvulus
jalapa.
IRA, Rage.
IRACUNDUS. Rectus externns oculi.
IllAL'OIA; Ireal'gia, Iridnl'gin, from ipij,
'the iris,' and a\yoi;. ' pain.' Pain in the iris.
IRASCFflLE, Rectus externus oculi.
IREALGIA, Irnlgia.
IREONCIOX, Iriancistron.
I'RIAN, Iriu'iiiti, (F.) frieii. Belonging to the
iris.
IRIANCIS'TROX. Iridaiichl'roiK Trcoii'ciotl,
from ipif, and ayKtarpov, 'a hook.' A hooked in-
Btrunient. used by Schlagintweit in the formation
of an artificial jnipil.
IRID.E'A EDU'LTS. One of the Algre, eaten
in Scotland and the .Southwest of England.
IRIDALGT A. Iralgia.
IRIDAXCISl'RON, Iriancistron.
IRID.\UXE'S1S, from fri», iridU, and av^ri<ri;,
' augmentution j' Stajffii/lu'ma I'ridis, S. U'vea,
Tridonco'iitK, Li/mpJioii'riin rridit. Exudation of
fibrin into the tissue of the iris.
IRIDECTOMEDIALYSIS, see Coretomia.
IRIDKCTOMIA. >ee Coretomia.
IRIDEXCLEISIS. see Coretomia.
IRIDEXCLEIS.M US. see Coretomia.
IRIDERE'MIA, finm fn'fi, iridic, and cpvi/o;,
'deprived of;' JridoKiere'nia. Absence of iris,
either a))parent or real.
IRIDITIS. Iritis.
IRIDOCELE. Ptosis iridis.
IRIDOCOLOBOMA, Coloboma iridis.
IRIDODIALYSIS, Coretomia.
IRIDODONE'SIS, from Lix, and iovtco, 'I
shake.' Tremulousness of the Iris. See llippus.
IRIDOMALA'CIA, from his, iridin, and ;jaX«-
Kta. 'softness.' Mollescence or softening of the iris.
IRIDOMELAXO'MA, Iridomeluno'Kix, from
Irix, Olid ixi\avuv, ' to colour bliick.' The depo-
sition of black matter on the tissue of the iris.
IRIDOXCO'SIS, Iridon'cuK, Ironco'ais, Hype-
ronco'sis Iridis, from Irin, and oyKo;, ' a swelling.'
Tumefaction or thickening of the iris. Also Iri-
dauxesis.
IRIDONCUS, Iridoncosis.
I R I D OPERIPIIACI'TIS, Tridoperiplaln'th,
from Irin, irt.pi, 'around,' and phocillH, inflamma-
tion of the lens. Inflammation of the anterior
hemisphere of the capsule of the lens.
IRIDOPLANIA, llippus.
IRIDOPTOSIS, Pt.)sis iridis.
IRIDOR'RIIAGAS, Iridorrho'ije, Tridor'rhox,
Iridosvhin'ma, Fissit'ra I'ridis, from Iris, and
paya^, 'a fissure.' Fissure of the iris. See Co-
loboma.
IRIDORRHOGE. Iridorrhagas.
IRIDORRHOX, Iridorrhag.is.
IRIDOSCniSMA, Coloboma Iridis, Iridor-
rhagas.
IRIBOSTERE.SIS, Irideremia.
IRIDOTENCLEISTS, Coretomia.
IRIDOTOMEDIALYSIS, see Coretomia.
IRIDOTOMIA, see Coretomia.
TRIDOTROMUS, Hippus.
iniEX, Irian.
IRIS, ((/eii. I'ridis) Gramme. So called from its
resembling the rainbow in a variety of colours.
A membrane, stretched vertically at the atiterior
part of the eye, in the midst of the aqueous hu-
mour, in which it forms a kind of circular, flat
partition, separating the anterior from the poste-
rior chamber. It is perforated by a circular
opening called Xhe 2iupil, which is constantly va-
rying its dimensions, owing to the varying con-
tractions of the fibres of the iris. Its posterior
surface has been called nven, from the thick,
black varnish which covers it. The pigmer.tary
stratum, (m its free surface, appears to be bounded
by a delicate, but sharply defined, line, which
has been described as a special membane — Mem-
hni'nn pigmen'ti sen Um'itmis seu lim'itnns Pnei'-
iii seu Jitcit'bi Arnold. The greater circumference
of the iris is adherent to the ciliary processes and
circle. It has an external jilane of radiated fibres
and an internal one of circular fibres, which servo
— the one to dilate, the other to c(>ntra(;'t the
aperture of the piiitil. The iris receives the irian
nerves. Its arteries are furnished by the long
ciliary arteries, which form two circles by their
anastomoses; the one very broad, near the great
circumference; the other, smaller, and seated
arOund the circumference of the pupil. The vein.s
of the iris empty themselves into the Vosa vorti-
cosa, and into the long ciliary veins. The use of
the iris seems to be, — to regulate by its dilatation
or contraction, the quantity of luminous rays
necessary for distinct vision. The diflTerent co-
lours of the iris occasion the variety in the colours
of the liuman eye.
IRIS PUAXT
510
IRRITABILITY
Iris, see Herpes Iris — i. Common, I. fiorma-
rica — j'. Ciimmun, I. Germaiiicii — i. dc Florence,
I. Florentina.
Iris Ft-OaENTl'yA, Florentine iris or nrrin, (F.)
Iris lie Florence. Order, IridiiceiU. The rhizoina
of this plant is extreinel}' acrid in its recent state;
and, when chewed, excites a pungent heat in the
mouth, tliat continues for several hours. When
dried, the acrimony is lost, or nearly so, and the
smell is very ati^reeable. It is indebted to its
agreeable flavour for its retention in the pharma-
copoeias, although it is ranked as an expectorant.
The orria root of the shops is said to consist of the
rhizomes of three species — /. Florentina, I. pal-
lida, and /. Germanicn.
Iris FcETinis'siMA. F.ftx'tidn, Spath'nia fce'ti-
da, Xyris, Stinking iris, (F. ) Iris piiant, Glayeal
pliant. The root has been esteemed antispasmo-
dic and narcotic.
Iris Gkrman'ica. The systematic name of the
Flower-de-Lnce, Iris nostras seu vnlijii'ris, Aier'-
sa, Coniinon iris or orris, Gladi'ohts ca>rn'lens,
(F.) Iris eommim, Flamhe. The fresh roots have
a disagreeable smell, and an acrid, nauseous taste.
They are powerfully cathartic, and are given in
dropsies, where such remedies are indicated.
Iris IIbxago.va, I. versicolor.
Iris Lacus'tris, Dwarf.Jiag, Dwarf lake-iris ;
has the properties of I. versic(dor.
Iris, Lakr, Dwarf, I. lacustris — i. Lutea, I.
pseudacorus — i. des Marais, I. pseudacorus — i.
Nostras, I.Germanica — i.Palustris, I. pseudacorus.
Iris PsKUDAc'cnirs. The systematic name of
the Yellow w<iter-Jla</, Iris polns'tris seu lii'tea,
Gladi'oliis lii'tens, Ac'orns rnhja'ris seu adnlteri'-
nns seu pahis'tris, Pseudac'orns, Dn'tomon, (F.)
Iris des marnis. Fanx iicore, Flnmlic lidtard, Acore
bdtard. The root has an acrid, styjjic taste. It
is an errhine, sialogogue, and acrid astringent.
The expressed juice is diuretic, and said to be a
useful application to serpiginous and other cuta-
neous affections. Rubbed on the gums, or chewed,
it is said to cure toothache.
IRIS PUANT, I. foetidissima — i. Stinking,
I. foetidissima.
Iris VeRSIC'oLOR, I. hexacfn'na, Ulne flag. The
rhizoma of this is an active cathartic, and li.as
been much used, as such, by the American In-
dians. It is reputed to be diuretic.
Iris Virgin'ica, Slender lilne flay ; and Iris
verna, are said to have virtues like those of I.
versicolor.
Iris Vulgaris, I. Germanica.
IRISITIS, Iritis.
IRI'TIS, Infl'immationof the iris, Inflamma'fio
I'ridis, Irlsi'tis, Iridi'tis. from [ris, and iris, de-
noting inflammation, Unei'tis oi' unmc. The chief
.'■ymptoms are; — change in the colour of the iris;
fibres less movable; tooth-like processes shooting
into the pupil; pupil irregularly contracted, with
tiie ordinary signs of inflammation of the eye.
If the inflammation does not yield, suppurati<in
takes place: and although the matter m.iy be ab-
t-orbed, the iris remains immovable. It is often
laused l)y syphilis. The general principles of
treatment are, to deplete largely and exhibit mer-
cury freely; along with attention to other means
:idvisable in ophthalmia. The free use of quinia
i^ sometimes serviceable. When the inflamma-
tion is sealed in the serous covering of the iris, it
is termed Iritis sero'sa.
IROX, Ferrum — i. Acetate of, Fcrri acetas
i. and Alumina, sulphate of, Fcrri et aluininis
«ulphas — i. Ammoniated, Ferrum aminoniatum
— i. Ainmonio-citrate of, Fcrri ammonio-citras —
i. Ammonio-chloride of, Ferrum aminoniatum
i. Ammonio-tiirtrate of, Fcrri ammonio-tiirtrns —
i. and Ammonia, citrate of, Ferri ammonio-citras
— i. and Quinia, Hydriodate of, see Iodine.
Iron Bauk, sec Kino.
Iito.N, Drdmidk of, see Bromine — i. Carbo-
nate of, saccharine, Ferri prnto-carbomis i.
Carburet of, Grapliitcs — i. Black o.\idf of', ().\y.
diini fcrri nigrum — i. Chloride of, Fcrri cliloriilmu
— i. Citrate of, Ferri citras — i. Citrate of the iiiiig.
netic oxide of, see Ferri ammonio-citras — i. Fcr-
rocyanuret of, Prussian blue — i. Fcrroprussiate
of, I'russian blue — i. Filings, purified, Fcrri lima,
tura piirificata — i. llydralcd oxide of. Fcrriim
oxydatum hydralum — i. llydratcii peroxide of
Ferrum oxydatum hydratum — i. Ilydrated Irit-
oxidc of, Ferrum oxydatum hydratum — i. llydij.
odate of, Fcrri iudiduiii — i. llydrohroinnte of, see
Bromine — i. Jlydro-oxide of, Fcrnim oxviiiiluin
hydratum — i. Iodide of, see Iodine, and
Ferri iodidum — i. loduret of, Fcrri iodidutn — i.
Lactate of, Ferri lactas — i. Liquor. Ferri iwctas —
i. and Magnesia, citrate of, Fcrri et iMagnejiiO
citras — i. Magnetic Oxide of. Oxydum Ferri iii-
grum — i. Muriate of, Ferri chloridum — i. Nitrate
of, solution of, see Tinctura Ferri inurialis — i.
Perchloride of, Ferri chloridum — i. Peroxide of,
Ferri subcarbonas — i. Phosphate of, Ferri j)lii)s-
phas — i. Pills of, compound, Pilulie ferri coin-
positiB — i. Potassio-citrale of, see Ferri ammonio-
citras — i. Protocarbonate of, Ferri protoearboiiiw
— i. Protoxide of, lactate of Ferri lactas.
luox Pyritks, Ferri sulphuretum.
Iron, Qukvknne's, Ferri pulvis.
Ikon and Quinia, citrate of, Ferri et Qiiiniae
citras — i. and Quinia, hydriodate of, see Quinia,
iodide of iodhydrate of.
Iron Rkducud, Ferri Pulvis.
Iron, Sksquichloride of, Ferri chloridum —
i. Sesquinitrate of, Scdution of, see Tinctura ferri
muriaiis — i. Sesquioxide of, Ferri subcarbonas— i.
Sodio-citrato of, see Ferp ammonio-citras — i. Sul-
phate of, Ferri sulphas — i. Sulphuret of, Ferri
sulphuretum — -i. Tannateof, Ferri tannas — i. Tar-
tarized, Ferrum tartarizatum — i. Ternitrale of,
solution of, see Tinctura ferri miiriatis — i. Trito-
hydro-ferrocyanate of, Prussian blue.
Iron and Potass, Tartrate of, Ferrum tartari-
zatum.
Iron, Vai.erianatk of, Ferri valerianas.
Iron Wekd, Vernonia Novcboracensis.
IRONCOSIS, Iridoncosis.
IRRADIA'TION, Irrudia'tio {ir and rad!us\
Shooting or proceeding from a centre — as an
' irriidlating pain.'
IRREDU'CIBLE, (F.) Irrhhictlhle. An epi-
thet given to fractures, luxations, hernia), Ac,
when they cannot be reduced.
IRn£DUCTIBLE, Irreducible.
IRRFG'ULAR, //reyi/Za'cig, Auom'alons; from
ir, negation, and rcgulii, 'a rule.' A term chiefly
applied to the types of a disease: and al.so, to
the pulse when its beats are separated by unequal
intervals.
Irreg'it.ar Practit"ioner. One xvho docs
not practise his professiim according to rules
sanctioned by law or custom.
IRREMEDIABLE, Incurable.
IRREPTIO, Attack.
IRRIGA'TION, Irriga'tio, Emhrnca'lio. Irro-
rn'tio : ' the act of watering or moistening,' from
in, and '•'(/"> ' I water.' The methodical applica-
tion of water to an affected part, to keep it con-
stantlv wet.
IRRITABILITAS, Irritability— i. Halleriana,
Irritability — i. Morbosa, see Subsultus tendinum
— i. Vesica;, Cysterethismus.
IRRITABIL'ITY, frritahil'llns, from irrilo,
(in, ' negation,' and rilns, 'the usual manner,') 'I
provoke.' Vis irrituhilitn'tis. V. Vila;, V. in'sil'i
of Haller, V. vita'lis of Gorter, Oscilla'tio of
Boerhaave, Tonic power of Stiihl, Vita pro'pria,
Irrilahilitua Ilalleria'na, Inherent power, Con-
I II R I T A B L E
1 1
ISCIIIOCELE
(rnctH'Hi/, ExcltnhiVit)), Ac. (F.) hri'tuhilitp, I.
Jliillerieiiiie. A power, possessed by nil living,
(ir;<:mi/.eil bodies of being acted upon by certain
pliinuli, and of moving responsive to stiuiulution.
Il is tlic ulliiniite vital (iroperty.
IR'HITAULK, Initith'Ulx. That which is en-
d'lwed with irritability. Every living org:ini7.ed
tissue is irritable; that is, capable of feeling an
iiIi[)ropriale Htiiiiiilus, and of moving responsive to
fiich stimulus. Irritable is often useil in the same
i<ciise as !iii]>reiiHible, as when we s[)eak of an irri-
lible person, or habit, or temper. This Jast con-
ilirion has lieen variously termed — Jjvhi/'ilua
wrmi'iKt, I). Kn-thii' icii, //i/pn-riiif'iid iierro'n'i,
ScnrdHlhinii'n, NmiroHtlieni'd, SenxibWitan aiiom'-
«/((, iS'. ,\f Ill-till' nil, S. iliutri.
IRIUTAMEX, Irritant, Stimulus.
lIllUrAMKXTUM, Erethism, Irritant, Sti-
mulus— i. Mctallieum, (Jalvanism.
Ill'lUTANT, frri'tiiiiH, Irritii' men, Irn'tnmen-
tiiin. Same etymon. That which eanse.s irrita-
tion or pain, heat and tension ; either meclimii-
cfilli/, as (juncture, acupuncture, or scarification;
fhi'mirnlhj, as the alkalies and acids; or in a
tper.ljic manner, as cantharides.
Irritants are of great use in the treatment of
disease.
IIUUTATING POISON, see Poison.
IKlUfATrO, Erethism, (iargale. Irritation.
IRRITA'TION, Irritii'ttn, ErethU'mnH. Same
etymon. The state of a tissue or organ, in whirh
tiiere is e.xcess of vital movement; commonly
manifested by increase of the circulation and
soiifiliility. l?roussais defines irritation to be : —
(lie cotidition of an or^ran. the excitation of which
is carried to so high a degree, that the equilibrium
resulting from the balance of all the functions is
brolven. In this signification, he also uses the
wind sill-irritation, which he considered as a
higher degree, and as the essential cause of fever.
Irritation is the precursor of inflammation.
Iurita'tiox, Mouuin, Conftitii'tinnd/ irritation,
Ii-'ritnti re fever, I'neiiila-ferer, is that excitement
which occurs after itijuries done to the body, or
t'l any |)art thecof; — constituting cases of dii>-
ennfit ni/nifiathi/.
IRRITATIVE FEVER, Irritation, morbid.
IRRORATIO, Irrigation.
IS. Fibre.
ISADELPII'IA, from mo;, 'equal,' and aicXipni,
'brother.' A double monstrosity, in which both
bodies are equally and perfectly developed, and
possessed of independent vital orL'ans; and which
arc united bv parts of little significance. — Gurlt.
ISA'TIS TINCTO'RIA. Wii.,d, P-mtel. Ord.
Ciipparidaceae. A European plant, whose leaves
have a fugitive pungent smell, and an acrid
durable taste. They are not used, however, in
medicine at the present day, but are the source
of the dye-stufT, n-oad.
ISCA, Boletus igniarius.
ISCII^'MIA. from it;^w, 'I retain,' and 'itiftn,
'blood.' Morbid retention or suppression of an
habitual flux of blood, as of the hemorrhoidal or
menstrual flu.x or of ejtistaxis. See Ilicmatusta-
tica.
ISCH-Tl'MON, hrha-'mnm. Same etym'>n. A
merlii'iii,' which restrains or stops lileecling.
IS't'lIESIS, from laxfiv, 'to retain.' Suppres-
sion or retention of a discharirc or secretion.
18'CniA, MINERAL WATERS OF. In this
volcanic isle, five miles from Naples, there are
several thermal waters, one of which — that of Gur-
gitello — raises the thermometer of Fahr. to 167°.
ISCIIIACUS. Iscbiatic.
ISCHIADEEPIins. Ischiopages.
ISCHIADIC US MORBUS. Neuralgia fomoro-
poplitipa — i. Nervns, Sciatic nerve.
ISCIIIADOCELE, IscLiocele.
ISCII'IAQRA, Is'ehidH, hehnl'gin, from la^tovt
'the haunch,' and ay/jo, 'a seizure.' A name
given to iscliiatic gout. Fenioro-puj/lileul nea-
rali/iii has, also, lieen so called.
IS'CIIIAL, hchiu'li". Kelating or belonging
to the ischion.
ISCHIALGIA, Ischiagra, Neuralgia femoro-
poplitaaa.
ISCHIAS, Ischiagra — i. Nervosa Antica. Neu-
ralgia femoro-praetiiiialis — i. Nervosa Cotuniiii,
Neuralgia femoro-poplittiea — i. Nervosa digitalis.
Neuralgia cubito-digitalis — i. Nervosa postica,
Neuralgia femoro-poplita-a — i. a Spargau<,v-i,
Phlegmatia dolens.
ISCHIAT'IC. hchiad'ie, hi-hial'ivi,x. hi-hiad'-
iciia. Inch' iucu», Sciat'ic, (F.) /nfhintir/ne, from
ic)^iov, 'the haunch;' whence the word Seintie.
An epithet given to parts connected with the
ischium. The Sciatic NorcnKS. (P.) Ju-lunt-
criirei IxchintiqiieH, are formed by this l)one ; the
Isc'iiiATic SiMNR belongs to it, and gives attach-
ment to the small sacro-sciatic ligament. The
TtiBBHOs'lTY OF THK ISCHITM, On nellelltil' rilllll.
'fuller In'ehii, (F.) TiiheronilS nriatiqiie. is f'ormcil
by it. It receives the insertions of different
muscles of the thigh, and forms the projection on
which tlie body rests when seated.
IscHlATic AnTi-.liY, Sciat'ic Ar'teri/. (F.) Arlere
Feiniirii-Poplitec (Ch.) arises singly from the hy-
pogastric, or with the gluteal; and seems to be
really a continuation of the trunk of the hypo-
gastric. It issues from the pelvis, at the lower
part of the great sciatic notch ; and, aftcrward.s,
divides into a considerable number of l>r!inches,
which are distributed particularly to the posterior
and superior region of the thigh.
IscHlATic Rkgiov, Sciat'ic region ; Reijio ischi-
nd'ira. The region of the hip.
IscHiATic ViciN presents the same arrange-
ment as the arterv.
ISCHIATICUS. Sciatic.
ISCIIIATOCELE, Iscbioccle.
ISCIIIDUO'SIS, Sndo'rin HnppreM'xin, OI!<jid'-
ria, from i<i;^u), 'I restrain,' and ^iS,>ij>s, 'sweat.'
Suppressii/u of perspiration.
tSCIIIO. In composition, belonging or re-
lating to the ischium.
ISCIIIOBLEN'NIA, hcholhn'nia. from ti!x<->,
' I restrain,' and li\cvva, 'mucus.' The suppres-
sion of a morbid but habitual discharge of mucus.
ISCHIO-CAVERNO'SUS. Belonging to tho
ischium and corpus cavernosum.
Is('I1io-Cavki!NOS1's muscle, CoUotera'lis. Di-
rec'tor seu Erec'tor seu Snstenfa'tor Penit, (F. )
Erectenr dii Penin, hcliio-urSthrnl, (Ch.) is .t
small, long, flat muscle, whirh surrounds the
origin of tho corpus cavernosum. It is fixed
heloiii to the inner siiie of the tuberosity of tho
ischium, and atmre to the root of the penis, whero
it is confounded with the fibrous membrane of
the corpus cavernosum. It draws the root of the
penis downwards and backwards.
Ischio-Cavf.knosi'.s of the female, Erector
seu Sii^lento'tor seu Superior rotini'diis c/ilor'-
idin, (F.) /nchio-clitoridien, Iichio xowi-eiitorien,
(Ch.), is arranged nearly as in the male, but is
less l)ull<j'. It; arises, bj' aponeurosis, from the
tuberosity of the ischium, and terminates by em-
bracing the corpus cavernosum of the clitoris, to
the erection of which it appears to contribute.
ISCHIOCE'LE, hchiatoce'le, [gehiadoc'le.
Hernia inchiat'ica ; from ta-^iov, 'the iscliiuni,'
and KrjXrt, 'tumour.' hi-hiatic hernia. One iu
which the viscera issue by the great sciatic notch.
It is a rare disease. The protruded parts must
be reduced — the patient being placed in a favour-
able position, and they must be retained by a
bandage.
ISCIIIO-CLITORIANUS
512
ISOCRATES
ISCntO-CLITORIA'NUS. That which is
Oonnecte<l with the ischium and clitoris.
Iscnio-Ci.iTo'lii.vN Artbry of Chaussior is a
division of the internal pudic, which furnishes
the two arteries of the clitoris — the superjiciul
and (leKp-nriitiid,
Ischio-Clitoiuan Nkuve, of the snme pro-
fessor, is the superior branch of the pudic nerve,
which is distributed to tlie clitoris.
ISCUrO-CLITOlUDIEN, Isc-hio- cavernous
— i. Coccygeus, C(iecy;!;eus — !. Vreti-tibial, Semi-
tendinojus — 1. Femoralis, Adductor ma<i;nus —
i. Femnro-peroiiier, Biceps fle.xor cruris — i. Peri-
neal, Transversus perintci — i. Poph'ti-femornl,
Semi - nipinbranosus — !. Pupliti - tibial, Semi-
membranosus— )". Pretihinl, Semi-tcndinosus —
■i. S«ns-clit(irien, Ischio-cavcrnosus — i. Soni-tro-
chniHirien, Quadratus femoris — )'. Spino-trochan-
t6rien, Ischio-trochanterianus — i. Urethral, Is-
chio-cavornosus.
ISCIirODYMIA, see Somatodymia.
IS'CHION, hchitun, Os ischii, Os cnxen'dieis,
Ilip-bniie, HiicJcle-boiie, Scat-bone, (Se.) Henck-
hniie. Hnkebniie, LiDii/iebaite, (Prov.) Chancebone,
Pinhoiie, (F.) Os lie Vasniette. The lowermost of
the three portions which compose the os innomi-
liiitutn in the fuetus and young individual. The
inferior reajion of the same bone has, also, been
called isfhiiim, in the adult. According to Ilesy-
chius, the ancients designated by the word ?'s-
phioii the capsular ligament of the coxo-femoral
articulation, as well as the articulation itself.
Some derive the word from ta^n, the lumbar re-
gion : others from the verb lax^t ' I arrest,' ' I
retain;' — because that bone serves as a base or
support for the trunk, when we are seated.
IscnioN, Haunch.
ISCIirO-NEURALGIA, Neuralgia femoro
poplita?a.
ISCIIIOPA'GES, Ischiodclph'iis, from hcTiion,
and -ayu), ' I fasten.' A monstrous union of two
foetuses, in which they are attached to each
other by the ischia. — ■ GeoiTroy St. Ililiare. See
Hypogastrodidvnins.
ISCHrOPHtlirSIS, Tnhex coxa'ria scu ixclii-
ad'icn, Phthisis ischidd'ica, from i<t;^iov, ' ischium,'
nnd phthisis. Phthisis in consequence of suppu-
ration of the hip-joint. See Coxariim morlius.
ISCHIO-PROSTAT'ICUS. Winslow, Sancto-
rini, Albinus, and Sommering, have given this
name to the fibres of the transversus perinasi
muscle, which go towards the prostate.
ISCirrO-KRCTAL FOSSA, Perineal fossa.
ISCIITOSIS, Neuralgia, femoro poplitaea.
ISCHIO-TROCHANTHRIA'NUS, Gem'hii,
Oemel'li. Part of the Mnrsnpiu'lis of Cowper:
Car' Ileum jffarin'piiitn, [srhiu-spiiii-troehrtiiterieii,
Seciiii'dus et ter'liiis qii'idriip'iii' inns, (F.) jlfiiscle
cnnnele, Accessnire it I'libtunifeiir interne. Two
small, fleshy bundles, long and flat, which arise,
— the superior on the outside of the sciatic spine ;
the inferior behind the tuberosity of the ischium.
Both pass horizontally outwards, and are attached
to the tendon of the obturator internus, which
they accompany into the fossa of the trochanter.
These muscles are rotators of the lower limb out-
wards. They can, also, turn the pelvis on the
femur, in standing on one foot.
ISCHIUM, Ischion.
ISCHL, MINERAL WATERS OF. These
springs, which are in Upper Austria, contain
iodine and bromine.
ISCIINOPIIO'NIA, from to-;^'"'^' 'slender,' and
ipwvv, 'voice.' Slenderness of voice. — Hippo-
crates. (Jilon.
ISCHNOTES, Emaciation!
ISC HO, ia-)(w, '1 keep back,' 'I restrain,' 'I
hold firm.' Hence :
ISCHOBLEXNIA, Ischioblennia.
I^^CHOCEXO'SIS, from tc^'^, 'I nrrost,' .nnd
(ctcuiffij, ' evacuation.' Retention or i<u|>[)rc8i!i(Mi
of a natural evacuation — as of the mensi-s.
ISCHOCHOL'IA, from i<T\:a», 'I arrest.' and
Xo^n, 'bile.' lictin'tio hilis. Retention or sup-
pression of the biliarv secretion.
ISCHOCOILIA, Consiipntion.
ISCHOCOPRIA, Constipation.
ISC110(}ALAC'T[A. Heten' t io l„ctis,{ym\ la^ui,
and ■ya\a. 'milk.' Want of milk in tlie niaiiiiiiH'.
ISCIIOLOCII'IA or Jscholochi',,, l.„rhi,..'rhr.
sis, Snpfjres'sio lovhio' mm, from (o-;^u), ' I restrain,'
and Xo^tia, ' the lochial discharge.' Jtriin'tin
luehio'rnin. Sniipression of the lochial discharge.
ISCHOMENIA. Amenotrlia.a.
ISCHONEURALGIA, Neuralgia feraoro-pop-
lita;a.
ISCFIOPHONIA. Balbuties.
ISCHOSPER'MIA, from lax'o, ' I retain,' and
aitCfifia, 'sperm;' Sem'iiiis reten'tio. Pietentiuu
or suppression of the spermatic secretion.
ISCIIURET'IC, hchiiret'iciim. Same etymon
as the next. A medicine for relieving suppression
of urine. A diuretic.
ISCHU'RIA, Uri'iifp suppves'sio, Stoppage of
urine, Snppres'sio lo'tii, J'arii'ria retentio'iiis ;
from tax'^, '1 arrest,' ' t retain,' and oupoi/, ' urine.'
Retention of, or impossibility of disch.irging, the
urine, yl»»;v);-;7(^(; — Piorry. Often restricted tosuj)-
pression of the secretion, Jieiiid fschiiria, Anii'riii,
An lire' sin, Nephrnnii' ria, Aniirocrinie. — Piorry.
Ischuria Vera is thatin which the urine, having
accumulated in the bladder, the itatient is unsihlo
to pass it, notwithstanding the inclination which
constantly distresses him. In false ischuria, Pa-
rii'ria inops, P. retentio'nis rena'lis, Ischnri'i
iiotha sou spu'ria, of some, (F.) Suppression
d' Urine, owing to some disease of the kidney or
ureter.s, the urine cannot reach the bladder.
Ischuria has likewise received various other
names, according to the scat and character of
the obstacle which opposes the exit of the urine:
hence the expressions — Renal, Ureteric, Vesical,
Urethral, and Calcnlons [schnria. Vesiral Isvhn.
ria is generally used synonymously with llelcu-
tion of Urine, which see.
Ischuria Cysto-piilkomatica, Cystirrlioea —
i. Phimosica, see Phimosicus — i. Spasnioilica, Cy?-
tospasinus — i. Spuria, see Ischuria — i. Uretliralis
a phimosi, see Phimosicus — i. Vera, see I.'^churia
— i. Vesicalis, Retention of urine.
ISICIUM. I'sicos, Insic"iHm, Tomac'uhim,
Tom'aclnm, Tomac'innm. A kind of sausage,
forme<l of mixed meat and spices.
ISINGLASS, Ichthyocolla.
ISm, Elixir.
ISIS NOB 1 LIS, see Coral.
ISLAND OF REIL, Insula cerebri.
ISLE OP WIGHT, CLIMATE OF. This
beautiful island is a favourable summer retreat
for invalds. UnderclifT is the situation chosi'n
as a winter residence for phthisical vali'tuiliii:i-
rians. Cowes, Niton, Sandown. Shankliii, and
Ryile, are delightful sn'nmer residences.
'ISNARDIA PALUSTRIS, Ludvvigiapalustr;.<.
ISOCII'RONOUS, Isoch'ronns. hochroH'l,,'.
Tsod' romns, from i&oi;, 'equal,' and Xiiovni. ' tiitie.'
That which takes j)laco in the same time, or in
equal times. The t)uisations of the arteries, in
various iiarts of the body, are nearly isochronons.
ISOCH'RYSON, Anro compar ; from tnuf,
'equal,' and ;\;p«fOf, 'gold.' A collyrium, He-
scribed by Galen as worth its weiglit in gold.
Libavius has also given this name to an amal-
gam, made with e((ual parts of antimony ami
mercury.
ISOC'RATES, from laog, 'equal,' and kpotik,
'strength.' A mixture of equal parts of wine aud
water. — Hippocrates.
ISODROMUS
513
IVROGNERIE
ISODllOMUS, Isochronous.
ISOf-nsiNK, gee ['oly^ala senega.
ISOM'KlirC, fsoiiier'iciiH, fnoiii'eniK, horn re' run,
Inom'orim, from iffof, 'equal,' and ixijioi, 'part.'
An e[iitliet ai)|)lieil to diflerent bodies which
agree in compossition, l)ut differ in properties.
Tlie conditiiin is termed hotu'erism.
LSOMERISM, see Isomeric.
ISOMORPHISM, see Isomorphous.
ISO.M 0 11' 1' HOI'S, Ixomor' phan, fnomor'phi'ciis,
from iffof, 'C'luai,' and itoipjiri, 'form.' An epilh1;t
applied to different bodies which have the same
crystalline form. The condition is called leo-
morpli'iiin.
ISONAXDRA GUTTA, see Gutta percha.
ISOPATIITA, Jnop'dihi/, from lo-oj, 'equal,'
and JTdflof, 'disease.' Tliis term has been used
by some of the German writers to signify the
cure of diseases by the disease itself, or its pro-
ducts;— under the hypothesis, that every conta-
gious disease contains in its contagious matter
the moans for its cure ; — thus, that variola may
be cured by homnoopathic doses of variolous
matter; syphilis, with venereal matter, &c., &c.
Others have given to isopathy another form ; —
maintaining, that every diseased organ has its
remedy in the same organ, — that eating liver, for
e.xami)Ie, will remove disease of the liver!
Isopathia has been used by an American writer
— Dr. J. M. B. Harden, of Georgia — to mean
"ParnUelism of Dineanei ;" "the disposition of
diseases to 'anastomose with each other,' or to
wear each other's livery."
ISSUE, Fonticulus — i. Peas, Aurantia curas-
saventia, see Fonticulus.
ISTIIMK DU G OSIER, Isthmus of the fauces.
ISTHMION, Isthmus, Pharynx.
ISTIIMI'TIS, [iijhiinma'tio'Fau'cuim seu Pa-
la'ti, AiKji'iin Hiniplcv seu mitis^ seu fnn'ciiim,
Angor fiiu'cinm, Cj/nan'vfie simplex, (F.) Aiii/iiie
simple, from isthmus, and itis, denoting inflam-
mation. Inflammation of the isthmus faucium,
and of the fauces. See Cynanche pharyngea,
and Angina.
ISTllMIUM, Isthmus.
ISTIIMOCATAR'RIIUS; from icOiiog, 'the
fauces,' and Karapjjuoi, ' catarrh.' Catarrh of the
fauces.
ISTHMODYN'IA, from ladiAOf. 'the fauces,'
and oSvfii, 'pain.' Pain in the fauces.
ISTIIMOPLE'GIA; from laOfto^-, 'the fauces,'
and nXiiyii, 'a stroke.' Paralysis of the fauces.
ISTIIMOS, Pharynx.
ISTIlMOTYPHlis, Cynanche maligna.
ISTHMUS, hth'mio,,, Isth'miitm, (F.) Islhme.
A tongue of land joining a peninsula to a conti-
nent, or which separates two seas. Anatomists
have given the name fxlhmiis of the Fauces, I.
Fau'ciiiin, Clniistntm Giit'tiiris, (F.) hl/niie c/ii
gosier, to the strait which separates the mouth
from the pharynx. It is formed above by the
velum palati and uvula; at the sides, by the pil-
lars of the fauces and the tonsils ; and below, by
the base of the tongue. Also, the Fauces.
IsTn.Mi's OF THK Enckpii'alok. The narrowed
and constricted portion of the encephalic mass,
situate between the cerebrum, the cerebellum and
the medulla oblongata, which corresponds to the
free margin of the tentorium cerebelli, and com-
prises the pons varolii, and middle peduncles of
the cerebellum, the peduncles of the cerebrum,
the tabereula quadrigemina, the superior pedun-
cles of the cerebellum, and the valve of Vieus-
sens. — Cruveilhier.
IsTinirs OF THK Fossa OvA'i-ts: Isthmus Vieus-
ten'n, Stri(/n cdrtllin/ijio'sd corih's, is the promi-
nent arch formed above the fossa ovalis by the
union of the two pillars which bound the cavity.
33
LsTHMus OP THE Thyroid Glaxd is a narrow
band that unites the two chief lobules composing
the thyroid gland.
Isthmus Hkpatis, see Lobulus nnonymus — i.
Urethrye, see Urethra — i. Uteri, see Uterus — i.
Vieussenii, Isthmus of the fossa ovalis, see Ovalis
fossa.
ITALIAN JUICE, Estractum glycyrrhizse.
ITAUICUS MORBUS. Syphilis.
ITCH, Psora — i. Animalcule, see Psora — i. of
Animals, Scabies ferina.
Itch, Bakers', see Psoriasis — i. Barbers', Sy-
cosis— i. Bricklayers', Eczema impetiginodes.
Itch, Cowpox. A cutaneous eruption, ob-
served and described by Gfilis, which appeared
after the fourteenth day from vaccination, and
consisted of isolated vesicles, often filled with a
puriform fluid.
Itch, Drunkards', Psora ebriorum — i. Gro-
cers', see Psoriasis.
Itch Insect, see Psora — i. Mite, see Psora.
Itch, Venereal, Scherlievo.
Itch Wkkd, Veratrum viride.
ITCHING, Pnrrip'sis pruri'tus, Aufal'f/in prii-
rirjlno'sn, Pruri'tns, Pruri'r/o, Ciiesmos, Ciiesma,
(Sc.) Youlc, Yuke, (F.) Prurit. Demanf/enisnii.
A sensation, more inconvenient than painful,
seated especially at the surface of the body, which
provokes the patient to scratch the part. It may
bo either an external or an internal sensation :
that is, produced by an externnl body, or by some
modification in the organic actions of the part to
which it is referred.
ITEA, Salix.
ITER A TERTIO AD QUARTUM YEN-
TRICULUM, Aquwductus Sylvii— i. Dentis, see
Gubernaculuin dentis — i. Femineum, Perinajum
— i. ad Infundibulum, Vulva — i. a Piilato ad
Aurem, Eustachian tube — i. ad Qunrtum ventri-
culum, Aquii'duotus Sylvii — i. ad Tertinm ventri-
culum. Vulva — i. Urina, Urethra — i. Urinarium,
Urethra.
ITHYPIIAL'LUS, from iSv;. 'straight,' and
ipaWos, 'penis.' An amulet, in the form of an
erect penis, anciently worn round the neck, to
which were attributed alexiterial properties.
ITINERARIUM, Conductor, Director.
ITIS, from irns, 'bold,' 'rash,' [?]. A sufB.t
denoting inflammation ; — as enccpbaliViV, inflam-
mation of the encephalon ; — Plcnritis, inflam-
mation of the pleura. According to some, as
Kraus, encephabV/s, for example, was, with the
ancients, the adjective agreeing with voaos, 'a
disease,' understood to express a disease of the
encephalon, and it was only in modern times, that
the suffix was used to denote inflammation.
IVA, Teucrium iva — i. Arthritiea, Teucriura
chammpitys — i. Moschata Monspeliensiura, Teu-
crium iva — i. Pecanga, Smilax sarsaparilla.
IVETTE MUSQUEE, Teucrium iva — ». Pe-
tile, Teucrium chamajpitys.
IVOriiE, Ivory.
IVORY, Ebar, El'eplias, (F.) L-oire. The tusk
of the elephant. It is chiefly composed of phos-
phate of lime, and is used for the fabrication of
pessaries, artificial teeth, handles of instruments,
&c. Formerly, when calcined to whiteness, it
entered into some pharmaceutical preparations.
It was regarded as astringent and anthelmintic,
and was called Spo'dinm.
'The (leiitine is the ivory of the human tooth.
See Tooth.
IvoRV, Black, see Carbo animalis — i. Vege-
table, Phytelephas niacrocarpa.
IVRAIE. Lolium temulentnm.
IVRESSE, Tcmulentia — i'. lodiqne, see Iodine
— i. Quiulqne, Quininisin.
IVROGNERIE, see Teraulentia.
IVY
514
JATROPIIA MANIIIOT
ivy, Iledera helix, Kalmia angustifolia — i.
Amurican, Ampelopsis quinquefolia — i. Bi>;, Kal-
mia latifolia — i. Fine-leaveil, Ampelopsis quin-
quefiiiia — i. Ground, Glecoiua lieJeracoa.
IXIA, Vaiix, Viscuin album.
IXiXE, Atractylus gummil'cra.
IX I R, Elixir.
IXOrf, Yiscum album.
IXUS, (laliunn aparino.
IXYOMYElil'TIS, from ifuf, ' the lumbar re-
gion,' fiutXof, ' marrow,' and »//», denoting iiifliiiii-
mation. Iiiflammatiua uf the spinal marrow ia
the lumbar region.
IXYS, i^vi, Ir'yrt, Tx'x/e. Used hy difTeront
authors for the ilia, ilank^j, and loins; most fre-
quently for tho last.
J.
JA7?0r, Ingluvies.
JACA INUICA, Thymus mastichina.
JACEA, Tricolor, Viola Tricolor — ^j. Ramosis-
sima, Centaurea calcitrapa.
JACENS. Sick.
JACK OF THE BUTTERY, Sedura acre— j.
in the Hedge, Alliaria.
JACKET, BARK. A jacket of flannel or cot-
ton in which powdered bark is quilted. It is
occasionally worn as an antiperiodic and tonic.
JACKSON'S BATHING SPIRITS, Linimen-
tum saponis compositura.
JACOB^A, Senecio Jacobaja.
J AGO BEE, Senecio Jacobaja.
JACOB'S COAT, Tunica Jacobi— j.'s Ladder,
false, Polemonium reptans — j.'s Membrane, Tu-
nica Jacobi — j.'s Ulcer, Lupus.
JACOBSON, VENOUS SYSTEM OF, see Ve-
nou.s system.
JACOBSON'S ANASTOMOSIS, see Petrosal
ganglion.
JACTA'TION, Jacli'ta'ti'on, Jactn'tio,Jacfa'ttin,
J{hiptiin'iiios, Jiictitri'tii), from jiutare, 'to to-^ss
about.' Extreme anxiety; excessive restlessness;
— a symptom observed in serious diseases.
JACTITATIO, Inquietude, Jactation.
JADE NEPHRITE ou ORIEXTALE, Ne-
phreticus lapis.
JAGGERY, Spirit Arrack, see Toddy.
JAG RE, see Tari.
JALAP, C<involvulus jalapa, Phytolacca de-
candra — j. Bhtxc, Convolvulus meehoacan — j.
Cancer root, Phytolacca decnndra — j. Fusiform,
light male, see Convolvulus jalapa — ^j. Wild, Con-
volvulus panduratus.
JALAPA, Convolvulus jalapa.
JALAPINE, see Convolvulus jalapa.
JALAPIUM, see Convolvulus jalapa.
JA LAPPA, Convolvulus jalapa — ^j. Alba, Con-
A'olvulus meehoacan.
J ALE YR AC, MINERAL WATERS OF.
These waters are situate two leagues frotn Mau-
riac, in France, on the road from Clermont in
Auvergne. Tlie waters contain lime and carbo-
nate of soda, and are esteemed to be tonic, ape-
rient, Ac.
JALOPA, Convolvulus jalapa.
JAMAICA, see West Indies — j. Bark tree,
Eursera gummifera.
JAMAICINE, see Geoffrfea inermis.
JAMBES DE BARBADE, see Elephantiasis
— j. du Cervelet, Corpora restiformia.
JAJIBIER, Tibial— _/. Anterieiir, Tibialis an-
ticus — j. Grele, Plantar muscle — j. Poaterieur,
Tibialis posticus.
JAMES'S ANALEPTIC PILLS, see Ana-
leptics.
JAMESTOWN WEED. Datura stramonium.
JANAMUNDA, Geum urbanum.
JANDERS, Icterus.
JA'NICEPS, from JnnxiK, a divinity with two
faces, and caput, 'head.' A double monster, the
two bodies intimately united above a couniion
umbilicus; and a double head, with the faces
Looking in opposite directions.— I. G. St. Hilaire.
JANIPHA MANIHOT, Jatropha manihut.
JANITOR, Pvlorus.
JANITRIX, Porta vena.
J ANON- TARENTISME, Tarantismus.
JANUS, Dicephalus.
JAQVIER, Artocarpus.
JAR RET, Poples.
JAR RETIICR, Poplitseus muscle. Hamstring.
JARRETIERE (F.), Peris'celis, a garter,
from gnretinn or yanelnin, in low Latin, the ham.
A kind of furfuraceous herpes, wiiich occupies
the part of the leg where the garter is worn.
jASMIN, Jasminum officinale.
JASMINUM ARABICUM, CofFea Arabum.
Jas'minum Officina'le, Jnmni II iim,JcKem' ilium,
the Jca'samiiie, (F.) JnHiiiin. Old. JasinineiC.
The flowers of this beautiful plant have a very
fragrant smell, and a bitter taste. They afl'ord,
by distillation, an essential oil; which is much
esteemed in Italy, for rubbing paralytic limbs,
and in the cure of rheumatic pains.
JASPER, Jaspis.
JASPIS, JdKper. A precious stone, supposed
by the ancients to be capable of arresting Lemor-
rhage when worn as an amulet.
JATAMANSI, Sumbul.
JAT'ROPHA CURCAS, (from lao^ai, 'I hen!,'
and Tpt^o), 'I nourish.') J{ic"iuiiii major, Riel-
noi'des, Pi'iieiis sen Citrcna pttryniix, Piiilin'iies
hi'dici, Fabn culhar'tiea, Avella'ua cathur'lien,
Nux cathar'tica America'nrt seu Bnrhiiden'H\n,
Phijnic Nat, (F.) Pii/iion d'fiide, Midicinier <•«-
tluirtiqiie. Grand haricot de P6rou, Piynon de
Barbaric, Noix cathartique, N. Aiiiericaiiie ou
des Barhadcs. Nat. Order, Euphorbiaceip. The
seeds of this plant afford a quantity of oil, given,
in many places, like the castor oil ; to which, in-
deed, it is nearly allied. They contain a peculiar
acid, the Jatropln'c or ff/amiric.
The seeds of Jatuopha Multtf'ida are called
Pur<iinci Nuts, and give out a similar oil.
Jatuopha Elastica, see Caoutchouc.
Jatropha Man'ihot, Jan'ipha Man'ihot, Mnn-
ihot HtHiHi'ima, Bitter Casna'va. The plant af-
fording the Uaisa'da or Ctiino'vrt Root, Vncn'vi,
Vassa've, Cazabi, Pain de Madagancar, Rlc''iiius
Minor, Man'ioc, ^fandil>c, Marjnoc, Mnniot, Yucca,
Matiiibar, Aipi, Aipima cojrera, Aipipocn, Jani-
pha. The juice of the root is extremely acriil
and poisonous. What remains, after expressing
it, is made into cakes or meal ; of which the cas-
sada or cassava bread is formed. This bread
constitutes a principal food of the inhabitants of
those parts where it grows.
The feeula of the root forms Tapioca, Cipipn,
Fec'ula Tapio'ka, Am'ylum manilwt'icum, which
JAUNDERS
515
JUGALIS
18 very nutritious. It may be prepared in the
BUtne manner as siigo.
A factitious Tapiofa is met with in the shops,
which is in very small, smooth, spherical grains,
and is supposed to be prepared from potato starch.
It is sold under the name jjearl tapioca.
.Tathopha UiiKxs. A most deadly plant. The
touch of its five bristly stings had nearly cost
Mr. Smith, the curator of Kew gardens, his life.
JAUNDERS, Icterus.
JAUNDICE, Icterus — j. Black, Melaena— j.
Green, Icterus viridis — j. Lead, Icterus satur-
ninus — j. Red, Phenigmus.
J MINE, Yellow— y. d'CEuf, see Ovum.
J A UNISSR, Icterus.
JAW RONE, Maxillary Bone.
JAW-DISEASE, PIIOSl'HORUS, see Phos-
phorus.
JEAN-DE-fiLAINES, ST., MINERAL WA-
TERS OF. These waters are situate two leagues
from Rillom in Auvcrgne. They contain chlo-
ride of calcium, and carbonate of m.agnesia; dis-
solved in an excess of carbonic acid.
JEANNETTE, Narcissus pseudonarcissus.
JECINUS, Liver.
JECORMRE, Hepatic.
JECORAL, Hepatic.
JECORARIA. Marchantia polymorphia.
JECORARIUS, Ilepateros, Hepatic.
JECORTS VOMICA, see Hepatitis.
JECTIGA'TIO. A word used by Van Helmont
for a species of epilepsy or convulsion.
JECUR, Liver — j. Uterinum, Placenta.
JEFFERSO'NIA BARTO'NI, J. mphyl'la,
Common Twinfenf, Yellow Root, Rhei(vlatinm
Jlnot, Helmet Pod, Ground Sipiirrel Pen. An
indigenous jilant, belonging to Nat. Ord. Berbe-
rideie, Si-.r. Si/nt. Octiindria Monogynia ; which
possesses medical properties analogous to those
of hvdrastis.
JEJUNITAS, Hunger.
JEJUNI'TIS; a term of hybrid formation,—
from .TcJHiiiim, 'the intestine jejunum,' and itin,
a suffix denoting inflammation. Inflammation
of the ieiiinum.
JEJUNIUM, Hunger, Fasting.
JEJU'NUM, from jejiniiiK, 'empty:' Neitiit,
vnariq. Nenli'a. The part of the small intestine
comprised between the duodenum and ileum. It
has been so called, because it is almost always
found empty in the dead body.
JELLY, "Gelly—j. of the Cord, Gelatin of
Wharton — j. Rice, see Oryza — j. Water, Bra-
senin hydropeltis.
JENEPERE. .Tuniperus communis.
JENKINSONIA ANTIDYSENTERICA, Pe-
larsronium antidysentericum.
JERtiON. see Arrow-poison.
JERKING RESPIRATION, Respiration,
jerking.
JERKS, see Mania, dancing.
JEROFFLERTS. Dianthus'caryophvllus.
JERSEY, CLIMATE OF. Jersey is the
largest of the islands of the British Channel, and
is most frequented by invalids. Its climate
closely resembles that of the south-west coast
of England, and especially of Penzance, and it is
ailiipted to the same class of invalids.
JERUSALEM OAK OF AMERICA, Cheno-
podium anthclminticum.
JRSKMTNUM, Jasminnm oflRcinale.
.TESSA!\[rNE. .Tasminum officinale — j. Yellow,
Gel<i'niirium nitidiim.
JETirUCU. Batata de purga.
JErNES\'E. Adolescence.
JEWBUSTL Pedilanthus tithymaloi l^s.
JEWEL WEED, Impatiens balsauiina.
JEW'S EAR, Peziza auricula — j. Harp, Tril-
lium Intifolium.
JIGGER, Chique.
JIMPSON WEED, Datura stramonium.
JIMSTON AVEED, Datura stramonium.
JIZZEX-BED, see Parturition.
JOANNESIA PRINCEPS, Anda.
JOANNETTE, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Several springs are found at Joannette, about
five leagues from Angers, in France. The waters
are both cold and warm, and contain sulphate of
lime; subcarbonate of soda : chloride of sodium;
some iron ; chloride of calcium, and, sometimes,
a kind of saponaceous matter. They arc chiefly
used as a tonic in chlorosis, leueorrhoea, &c.
JOE PYE, Eupatoriura perfoliatum, and E.
purpureum.
JOHNE, MINERAL WATERS OP. Johne
is a village near Dol in Francbe-Comte, France,
where is a mineral spring, which contains sub-
carbonate of soda, and subcarbonates of majrne-
sia and iron. It is used chiefly as a bath in
certain diseases of the skin, and in atonic affec-
tions.
JOINT, Articulation— i. Ball and Socket. En-
arthrosis — j. Dove-tail, Suture — j. Stifi", Anky-
losis.
JONAS. Icterus.
Jonas, Mineral Watehs of. This spring is
situate to the south-west of Bourbon-l'Archam-
bault, in France. The waters contain chloride
of calcium and sulphate of lime; chbiride of
sodium, and sulphate of soda : carbimate of
iron, and carbonic acid gas. Thej' are tonic and
aperient.
JORDAN'S WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS.
These are in Virginia, five or six miles from Win-
chester. They are used in the same cases as sul-
phureous springs in general.
JOT-GUT, Rectum.
JOUAN, ST., MINERAL WATERS OF. St.
Jouan is a villngc. neiir Snint-Malo, in France.
The water is a cold chalybeate.
JOUPARPE ACRE, Sednm— /. des Toits,
Senipervivum tectorum — j. des Viijnes, Sedum
telepliium.
jnUE. Genu.
JOULOS. Julus.
JOUR. Dies.
JOURS CANTCULATRE.^, Dog days—./.
Critiques, Critical days — /. fiidirafenrs. Indi-
cating days — /. Pnroxyntiqnen, see Paroxynt.ic.
JOVIS FLOS, Crocus— j. Glans. Juglans.
JUCATO CALLELOE, Phytolacca decandra.
JUDy?5'US, Jnda'iciis sen Plieenici'ten Lapis,
Terol'ilhos, (F.) Pierre Jndaique. A stone,
f)und in Judrea, Palestine, <fee. CaJled, also,
LapiK Si/riarnn. It was formerly esteemed to be
diuretic and lithontriptie.
JUDGMENT, J,idic"i,im, (Y.) Juqcment. The
faculty of the intellect, by which ideas are com-
pared with each other, and their relative worth
appreciated.
JUDICATORII DIES, Critical days.
JUDICIUM, .Tudsrment.
JUGA ALVEOLARIA, see Alveolar arches.
Ju'ga Crrrbra'i.ia. Prominences on the inner
surface of the hones of the cranium, between the
digital impressions.
JUGAL, Zygomatic — j. Process, Zygomatic
process.
JiTGAi, Rrgion, Re'gio Jtiga'Ua. The region
of the cheek-bone.
JUGALE OS, Mala> os.
JUGALIS. Zygomatic.
Ji'GALlS Sl'Ttj'itA, from fwynv, jnfjtim, (from
jiinr/ere, junctum, 'to join,') 'a yoke.' The
suture which unites the Os Malce or Os Juga'U
JUGEMENT
516 JUNIPEKUS COMMUNIS
xrith the superior maxillary bone. Also, the
sagittiil suturo.
JUGEMKST. Judgment.
JUGEOLINE, Sesaimim orientale.
JUlJLANS, BLACK. J. nigra.
JuGLANS Cixku'k.v (t/i( -<//"»■(, quasi .Tort's g7 an n),
Hatter or Oil Nut, White \V<ilinil. Ord. Juglan-
(laceae. The inner bark of the root of this tree,
Jiujlniis (Ph. U. S.), which is abundant in the
United States, is used in medicine, in the form
of extract, as an efficacious and mild laxative, in
doses of from 10 to 20 grains. It is in the
secondary list of the Pharmacopoeia of the United
States.
JuGI.ANS Nigra, Blad: JiKjhmK, Jil nrl- Walnut ;
indigenous. The rind of the unripe fruit is said
to remove ringworm and tetter. A decoction has
been given as an antlielinintic.
Jug LANS Kk'gia, Jmjlans, Niix Jnglann, Cnrya
hnnil'ira, Knpva, Carya. The Wnlnnt, French
nut, (F.) Noijer, the tree ; Noi.r, the nut, Kapvov,
Cfir'i/nii. The unripe fruit, in the state in which
it is pickled, was formerly esteemed to be anthel-
mintic. The piitamei) or green rind of the walnut
has been celebrated a? a powerful antisyphilitic,
.and used as a sort of diet drink. The kernel is
an agreeable article of dessert; but, like all nuts,
is difficult of digestion. The expressed oil. Hiiile
de Ndix, is used in France as an aliment, and,
like other fixed oils, is laxative.
Various preparations of the leaves have been
recommended in scrofulous affections.
JUG'ULAR, Jiuiiila'riK, from Jvgidum, (itself
from jii;jiim, because the 'yoke' was attached
there,) 'the throat.' Relating to the throat.
Jugular Fossa, Fomin JiKjula'rix, is a cavity
in the prtro-occipitnl suture. It is formed by the
petrous portion of the temporal bone, and by the
occipital bone, and lodges the origin of the inter-
nal jugular vein. It is, sometimes, called thimhlc-
like caniti/.
Jugular Veins, VencB Jugida'res sen uphngit'-
■ides seu apnplec'tica: seu snprira'les. These are
situate at the lateral and anterior parts of the
neck. They are two on each side; one external,
the other internal. 1. The External .Iiirjidar
Vein, Ti-acheln-soiis-cutanee, (Ch.) is of less size
than the internal. It descends, almost vertically,
along the anterior and lateral part of the neck,
from the cervix of the lower jaw to the subcla-
vian.vein, into which it opens, a little above the
internal jugular. It is formed by the internal
mnxillary, xtiperfieial temporal, and posterior aii-
rie.nhir veins. It is this vein which is commonly
opened in bleeding in the neck. 2. The Internal
JiiCjidar Vein, V. Cephalique (Ch.), Vena apo-
plec'tiea, is much larger, and more deeply seated
than the preceding. It descends, vertically, along
the anterior and lateral part of the neck, from the
posterior part of the foramen lacerum posterius as
far as the subclavian vein. It commences at the
iinua of the jugidar vein, (F.) Gnlfc de la vcine
jugulaire, and receives the blood, which returns
by the sinus of the dura mater, and that of the
faeial, liiirpial, pharijnr/eal, superior thyroid, oc-
cipital, and diploic veins.
JUGULUM, Clavicle, Throat— j. Uteri, Collum
uteri.
JUOUM PENIS, Presse-nrlthre.
JUICE. EXPRESSED, see Succus.
JU'JUBE, Jii'juha, Ziz'yphum, BacccB fujnhce,
Jj. Ziz'i/phi. A word of Arabic origin. The
fruit of llhamnus Ziz'yphus seu Ziz'yphus vulr/n'-
ris. Ord. Rhamnem. A native of the south of
Europe. It was formerly ranked amongst the
pectoral fruits. It has an agreeable sweet taste.
The fruits of two other species of Zizyphus — Z.
jujnhn, Rhamuus jujuha, Mansana arho'rea, a
native of the East Indie.=, and Z. lotus, Rhamnua
lotus, Zizyphus nil'ida seu sati'va seu sylcea'lris
growing in North Africa, possess properties simi-
lar to those of Zizyphus vulgaris.
JtijUBK Pastk, Paste of jujubes.
JULAPIUM, Julep — j. Camphora?, Mistura
Camphor;e.
JULEB, Julep.
JULEP, Jula'pium, Jule'pus, Zula'pinm, Ju-
leb of the Persians. A sweet drink. A demul-
cent, acidulous or mucilaginous mixture.
JuLUP, Camphor. Mistura cain])horic— / Cum-
phre, Mistura canijihoric — j. Chalk, Mistura
cretae — j. Mint, see Mint julep.
JULUS, JuloH, loulos, tovXuf. The first down
that appears upon the chin. — Rufus of Epbcsus.
JUM, Lolium temulcntum.
JUMBLE BEADS, sec Abrus precatorius.
JILMEAU, (Jemellus.
JU.MEACX DE LA JAMBE, Gastrocncmii.
JUMELLE, Gemellus.
JUMENTOUS URINE, Urine jumcntcuse.
JUMPERS, see CouvuUionnair'e.
JUNCTURA, Articulaticm.
JUNCUS ODORA'TUS, from jungcre,junctiim,
'to join,' in allusion to the use of rushes fur
bands. [?] Andropo'gon schwiian'thus seu bicor'-
nis seu eitra'tus seu citriodo'rus, Cymbopn'r/on
8rh(xnan'thus, Eo'num cnmelo'rnm, Jiniciis nriniiul'.
iciis, Camel's hay, Sioeet rush, SehnfiKiu'tliiis,
Schoenan'thum, Sccenan'thum, Cid'amus odora'lKn,
Sqninan'fhus, Gramen orieuta'le, (F.) Jonc ado-
rant, Foin de chameau. Ord. Gramineae. Tlie
dried plant, which is generally procured froia
Turkey and Arabia, has an agreeable smell, nnd
a warm, bitterish taste. It was formerly used as
a stomachic and deobstruent.
JUNGLE FEVER. A variety of remittent
occurrins in the junirlc districts of India.
JUNIPER TRE[% Juniperus communis.
JUNIP'ERUM VINUM. Wine impregnated
with juniper bctrics.
JUNIP'ERUS COMMU'NIS,/. Saec"!ea, Ar-
ceii'lhos, Jii'niper tree ; Alcat'alis, Aknt'ern, (So.)
Jenepere. Family, Coniferas. Sex. Syst. Diceti.i
Monadelphia. The berries, Junip'erus (Ph. U.
S.), (Sc.) Eatin-bcrries, Etnayh-berrins, are or-
dered in the pharmacopoeias. Their odour is
strong, but not unpleasant. Taste warm, pun-
gent. Properties dependent upon esseiitinl oil,
which they yield to both water and alcohol.
Dose, J^j to ^^ss, rubbed with sugar. In Hol-
land, juniper berries are used for flavouring
gin. The oil, O'leum funip'cri, possesses the
virtues of the plant. It is called, by Ruland,
Targar. (F.) GenSvrier (the plant), Gaiievre
(the berry).
JuNiiM'.uus LvriA. This plant — Thu'rcn, Th.
virga. Arbor thurif'era — has been supposed to
afford the true frankincense, Cedros Olib'aiium,
Thus Libano'tos, Libnno'tum, Lih'anos, Thus
mas'ciduni. Thus veriim, (F.) Encens. By some,
however, it is supposed to be the produce of an
Am'yris, and by others of Boswel'lia serra'tn, or
B. thurif'era. The odour of olibanum is peculinr
and aromatic; taste bitterish and slightly pun-
gent; partly soluble in alcohol, and forming a
milky emulsion, when triturated with water. It
was formerly used in dysentery and ha2moi)tysis,
but is now never employed except as a perfume
in a. siek room.
JuNii'KRUs OxyCF.'RRrs, (F.) Genfvrier Oxyri-
dre. Cade, Oxicedre, Oxycedre, grows in the
south of Eurojie, Siberia, Ac. By combustion nf
the wood, a liquid tar, O'leum ea'dinum, .hini)i^-
eri o'leum empyreumat'iruin. Oil of Cade, It.)
Huile de Cade ou de Generrier, is obtained, which
is employed externally in various chronic cuta-
neous and other diseases.
Ju.N'U'ERUS Sabi'.na, Sabi'ua, S. ster'ilis, Savi'-
JUNK
517
KALIUM lODATUM
fi<i, lirutft, Cedrun hnrrifern, C'tmrnon or hnrren
tnvin ; liratliii, Knilliijs, lid' riilhrmi, Dn'mlhron,
(F.) Sdltine, Stivinifi: The odour of pavin tops,
Siibi'iiii of the pliartiiacopa'ia?, is strong and dis-
ngrcoalile. Taste hot, acrid, and bitter, depend-
in;; on an opsonlial oil. Tiieir operation is stimu-
l;(nt, eniinenafjoguo, nntheluiintic, and abortive ;
externally, cseharotic. Dose, internally, gr. v to
X of the powder. As an eseharotic, they are ap-
plied in powder or formed into a cerate. The
essential oil, O'lcnm Suhi'nm (Ph. U. S.), has the
virtues of tlie savine. Dose, two to five drops.
JrNii'Kurs Si;i;<;icA, J. communis.
JtrNli'KUiis Virginia'na, Red cedar. This tree
is known throughout the United States by the
name of narhir, and is often used for the same
purjioscs. The tops and leaves are officinal in
the Pharmacopccia of the United States.
JUNK, P.ul.
JUNO liUCrNA, Ilithyia.
JUNO'S TEARS, Verbena officinalis,
JUPITER, Tin.
JUPITER'S BEARD, Sempervivnm tectorum.
JURIISALI, Enrlbal!. A tree in the forests
of Pomcroon. F<im. Meliaoeae. Clnnn, Octan-
dria. Nat. Ovdrtv, Monogynia. The bark is
febrifucre, and may be given in powder or infu-
sion, (,^j ad oq. bidllnit. Oij.)
JUIUSPRU'DENCE, MEDTCAL, from Jus,
jni-lK. 'law,' and /inidaiif!/!, 'knowledge.' Jitns-
jinulen'lia Med'ica. This word is often used
pynoiiymously with Leijal Medicine. It is at
tiu\es employed for the embodied laws and regu-
lations that relate to the teaching and practice
of ineclicine.
JURY OF MATRONS. A jury formed of wo-
men empanelled under a writ de ventre imtpici-
ciidn, to try the question, whether a woman is
with child or not.
JUS, Zdnidn. Zomid'iinn, Sin-hit"io, Sor'hitum.
Soup, broth, Jass'culum or huuillon.
Jrs BovTNiTji. Beef-tea— j. Coagulatum, Gelly.
JUS D'HEHnES (F.). The juice of ocrtain
vegetables administered as depuratives; as that
of fumitory, burdock, water trefoil, Ac.
Jus Jei.ati-m, Gelly — j. de lifi/linse, see Gly-
cyrrhiza — /. de Virnide, see Bouillon.
JUSCULUM, see Jus.
J USEE (F.). An aqueous mneeratvm of tan,
coarsely powdered, in which the skins of animals
have been steeped for a time, in the preparation
of leather. An e.xtraet has been prepared from
this, which has been jirescribed in syrup and in
pill ; each pill containing about a grain and a half
of the extract; and two being taken daily in
phthisis, and in general debility connected with
scrofula and rickets. — Barruel.
JUSQ UIA MINE. Hy oscvamus.
JUSQUIAMUS, Hvoscyamus.
JUSQ UIA UME, Hyoscyamus.
JUSTICIA BIVALVIS, Adulasso— j. Adha-
toda, Adhatoda.
JusTic"lA Ecbol'ium, Carim cnrini. A Mala-
bar plant, the root of which, and the leaves, in
decoction, are considered in the country to be
lithontrijitic.
JusTiciA Pkctora'lis. a West India plant,
which is slightly astringent. (F.) Canuuntine,
C. Pcctorrde, Jlerhe on.r U/inrpoitiers.
JUVANS, ]>\. Jura lit id, Aujcil'lntn, Remed'inm.
A medicine or substance of any kiud, which re-
lieves a disorder. An Adjuvant.
JUVENIS, Adolescens.
JUVENTA, Adoleacence, Hebe.
JU VENT AS, Adolescence, Hebe.
JUVENTUS, Adolescence, Hebe.
JUNTA POSIT"ION, J,u.tnposit"io, from
Jxjctd, 'near to,' and poneie, poeitiim, ' to jiiace.'
The mode of increase proper to minerals ; which
consists in the successive application of new
molecules upon those that form the primitive
nucleus. It is opposed to intussusception.
K.
N, B. — Must of the terms under K, derived from the Greek, are found under the letter C.
K. This letter was formerly used to designate
a compound of gdd.
K A AT II, Catechu.
KAAWY. Ancient name of an Indian drink,
prepared from maizo.
KAHALA. Cabal.
K/EMPFERIA GALANGA, see Maranta ga-
liiiign.
K.empfk'ria RoTrN'nA. Called after Ka^mp-
f>T, the naturalist. Zedoa'rin. Z. nituit'da, Amo'-
uiiim zedoa'rid, Col'chicuin Zei/lan' icum, Curcu'-
»i'<i aroiiidt'icd, Zed'oari/, (F.) Zcdonire rond.
Old. Zingiberaceic. The roots of this Ceylonese
plant have a fragant smell, and warm, bitterish,
nroMiatic taste. They are in wrinkled, gray, ash-
coloiircd, heavy, firm, short pieces ; of a brown-
ish-red colour within : and are stimulant and
carminative. Dose, 9j to ,^J of the powder.
According to some, the rainid zedodii/ is fur-
nished by (^iircunia zcriimhet ; the /any, Zedoa'ria
uiiiiia, bv Curcuma zedoa'ria.
KAIIINCE RADIN, Cainca? radix.
KAIl!, K'lii/L A word employed by the alche-
niistji for sour and coagulated uiilk.
KAJEPUT, Cajeput.
KAKERLAKTSM, see Albino.
KAKOCHYMIA. Cacochymia.
KALI, Potash. Potnssa — k. Acetas, Potassaa
acetas — k. Aeratum, Potassfe carbonas — k. Bi-
chromicum, Potassa> bichromas — k. Causticum,
Potassa fusa — k. Causticum cum calce, Potassa
cum calce — k. Chloricum, Potasste murias hyper-
oxygenatus — k. Chromicum acidnm, Potassic bi-
chromas— k. Chromicum flavum, Potassa? bichro-
mas— k. Chromicum rubrum. Potass.-B bichromas
— k. Chromicum neutrale, Potassa> chromas —
k. llydriodinicum, see Potassas hydriodas — k.
Inerinis, see Salsola kali — k. Nitricum, Po-
tassje nitras — k. Oxalicum aeidulum, Potassa, ox-
alate of — k. Prajparatum, PotnssiB eubcarbonas
— k. Prreparatum e tartaro, see Potash — k. Purum,
Potassa fusa — k. Soda, see Snlsola kali — k. Spi-
nosum eochleatum, Salsola kali — k. SubcarbonaiS,
Potassre subcarbonas — k. Sulf)has, Potassae sul-
phas— k. Sulphuricum, PotasssB sulphas — k. Sul-
phiiretum, Potassae sulphuretum — k. Tartariza-
tum, Potassas tartras — k. e Tartaro, see Potiish —
k. Vitriolatnm, Potassa' sulphas.
KAEICUM HYDRAS, Potassa fusa.
KALIUM lODATUM, see Potassa; hydriodas
KALMIA ANGUSTIFOLIA
518 KIDNEY
— k. lodatuin Ilydrfirgyratum, Potassii hydrar-
gvro-iodiilutn.
■raLMIA ANGUSTIFO'LIA. Called after
Kalin, the botanist. Ivy, Nnrrmc-havcd Kalmin
or Litiirel, Dwarf Litureh Sliecp Laurel. Or<l.
Ericaceae. This plant has the same virtues as K.
laiifolia. So also have Kalmia Cunea'ta and
Kai.jiia Ilmsu'TA.
Kalmia, Bkoad Leaved, K. latifoHa.
Kalmia Glauca, Hwnnip Laurel, Pale Laurel.
Kalmia Latifo'lia, JJroad- leaved Kalmia,
Calico hush, Laurel, Mouutain or Roue or Broad-
leaved Laurel, Rig Iry, Spoouwood, Lamhkill,
Sheep-poison. (F.) Laurier des ifontagnea. This
plant kills sheep and other animals. The Indians
use it as a poison. Tlie powdered leaves have
been applied successfully in tinea cay)itis ; and a
decoction of it has been used for the itch. The
powder, mixed with lard, has been applied in
herpes.
Kalmia, Nauhow-leavrd, K. angustifolia.
KALO, Arum esculentum.
K.-VMEYLA. see Rottlera tinctoria.
KAMPHUR, Camphor.
KANKROID, Cancroid.
KAPHIIR, Camphor.
KARABH, Asphnltum.
KARABITUS, Phrenitis.
KA R OIXOSEX, Carcinoses.
KARENA, Carena.
KARKINOMA, Carcinoma.
KARSOX-KHAYI, Sw!<;tenia Ronegalensis.
KASSADER. Convolvulus panduratus.
KARSAUDER, Convolvuluj panduratus.
KATASARCA, Anasarca.
KATASTALTICA, Astringents.
KAYA, Ava.
KAYIAC, Caviare.
RAWING, Anhelatio.
KAYL, Kaib.
KECKCORN, Trachea.
KECKER, Trachea.
KEEN-EITE, see Congelation.
KEER, Sorl)us aeuparia.
KEITA, Monsonia ovata.
KELISj see Cancroid.
KELKING, Eructation.
KELOID, Cancroid.
KELOTOMIA, Celotomia.
KELP, Varec. The impure mineral alkali ob-
tained by burning certain marine plants. See Soda.
KENCH, S))niin.
KENNELWORT, Scrophularia nodosa.
KENTUCK'Y, MINERAL WATERS OP. The
Olympian Spriur/s, Mudlick, in this State, are near
the sources of Licking river. There are three
different kinds, in the space of half a mile. One
of them is saline, impregnated with sulphur; —
another is chalybeate, and a third a sulpiiureous
spring. In various parts of Kentucky, there are
saline waters, which are frequented by inva-
lids. The Salines at Bigbone, formerly em-
ployed in the manufacture of salt, are now re-
sorted to. A spring, near llarrodsburg, in Mercer
County, is strongly impregnated with sulphate of
magnesia, and is much visited. At the Blue Licks
on both banks of the Licking river, there are
sulphureous saline waters.
KERATIASIS, Ceratiasis.
KERATITIS. Ceratitis.
KERATOCELE. Ceratocele.
KEP.ATODEifTIS. Ceratitis.
KERATO-GLOSSUS. Cerato-glossns.
KERATO-IRITIS. Aquo-mcmbranitis.
KERATO-MALACIA, Cerato-malacia.
KERATONYXIS, Ceratonv.xis.
K E R A T O-P HARYNGEUS, Cerato-pharyn-
geus.
KERATOPLASTY', Ceratoplastice.
KERATO-STAPIIYLINUS, Ccrato-sfapliyli-
nu,<i.
KERATOTOMUS, Ceratotomus, Knife, cata-
ract.
KERECTOMY, Cercctomy.
KERION, see Favosus.
KERMES, Chermei, Alkerm'es. One of the
species of the genus kermes lives on a green oak,
and is called Coccus il'icis, Kermes nuiniol
Cocci granum, Coccnm, C. haph'irum ecu iu/i('lii-
riuni seu tincto'rum seu scarlali'nuui, fie. The
oak, to which allusion has been made, is known
by botanists under the name Quercus cocrif'ern,
and grows abundantly in the UTicultivated lands
of southern France, Sjiain, and in the islands of
the Grecian Archipelago. The kermes inlialiitiiii'
it has the appearance of a sniiill, si)hcrical, iniini-
inate shell. Its colour is reddish-brown, and it
is covered with a slightly ash-coloured dust.
This is the kermes of the shops. It is now only
used in dyeing; but was formerly reputed to
possess aphrodisiac, analeptic, anti-abortive, r.nd
other virtues.
Kehmes Mineral, Antimonii snlphnrctum pra;-
cipitatum and A. sul)ihuretum rubrum.
KERNEL, Tubercle.
KERNELS, AVA XING, see Wa.xing kernels.
KERN-MILK, Buttermilk.
KERIJA. Ricinus communis.
KETCHUP, Catchup. A pickle prepared from
the li(|uor of the mushroom, walnut, tonialo, A-c.
KETMIA iEGYPTIACA, Hibiscus abeluios-
chus.
KEY, Sax. caes, Clavis, Ck-ix, Cha-is Au'glien,
(F.) Clef; Clef de Garanijeot. An instruiiu'iit,
used for extracting teeth. It consists of a linn
handle, with a claw at right angles to it, nnd
moving upon a pivot. This claw embraces the
tooth. It has undergone several modifications,
and hence various instruments are used umlcr
this denomination. The French have the Clef H
pompe, Clef a pivot, and Clef d noix.
KEYRICIIEIRL Cheiranthus cheiri.
KHALA MIMUC, Bit noben.
KHAYA SENEGALENSIS, Swietenia Sene-
galensis.
KHUS-KHUS, Andropogon muricatus.
KIAS'TER, Chioster, from ;i^((i^tij', ' to cross.'
A species of bandage, having the form of the
Greek letter ;^, which the ancients used for ap-
proximating, and maintaining in contact, the
fragments of the patella, in cases of fracture of
that bone. It was applied in the form of the
figure 8.
KIBE, Chilblain.
KiniSTlTOME, Cystitome.
KIDNEY. Its etymology is uncertain. Scre-
nius derives it fancifully from Su. Goth. 9?(ef/, the
belly; and ni//h,(q\}as\,quidiiey.) Ren, Nephrot,
Protme'sis, (Sc.) Neir, Nere, (F.) Rein. The
kidneys or reins are the secretory organs of the
urine. They are two glands, situate deeply, —
the one on the right, and the other on the left
side — in the hypochondres : at the sides of tlio
lumbar vertebrae; behind the peritoneum; and
in the midst of an abundant, fatty areolar tissue,
Tn'nica seu Cap'sula adipo'sa. The kidney is
of a reddish-brown colour; oval form; and flat-
tened on two surfaces. It has. at its internal
margin, a deep fissure, by which the renal vessels
and nerves enter or quit the organ, and the ure-
ter issues. It resembles, pretty accurately, the
haricot or kidney-bean. Two suhstances are
readily distinguishable in it; — the outer, scw"-
ing, cortical, glandular or vascular, Suhslan tia
cortica'lis seu glandulo'sa, which secretes the
urine; and the inner, tubular, medullary, nrini-
ferous, conoidal or radiated, Suhstnn'tia }le(l>d-
la'rie seu Tuhulo'sa seu Fibro'sa, which appears
KIESTEINE
519
KIST
under the form of small cones or unequal papillcB
or iii'iiiiiiii//a, each resultini; from the union of
smiill capillary tubes, adherent by one of their
extremities to the cortical substance; and open-
ing, by the other, at the summit of the cone, into
ciilif<:n, a species of memliranous tubes, more or
less numerous, which transmit the urine of the
papillio to the peluia. By the pelvic is meant a
guinli, membranous sac, of an irregularly oval
shape, at the base of vvliich are the orifices of the
Ciiiicos, and the other extremity of which is con-
tinuous witii the ureter. The kidney is sur-
rounded by a fibrous membrane proper to it, Peri-
iieph'ruH, Tit'nlca pra'pria seu alhinjln'en. It
has liecn shown by Mr. Bowman and others that
the renal artery is distributed to the corpora Mal-
)iif,'hiaiia, forming a pellet of convolutions, which
is received into a flask-like dilatation of the ure-
ter— niiwrniiiiH C«piiii/c,!ind throuf,'h which — it is
conceived — the watery portion of the urine is se-
parated. The blood then becomes venous, and is
distributed by different veins — portitl i^ciiis of the
kidney — to the convoluted tubes through which
the proper urine is secreted. Hence tlie blood
pa.s.ses into the renal vein. The intermediate
vessels between the Mali)ighian bodies ami the
convoluted tubes have been termed the Portal
Si/iterii (if the Kidney.
Kidney, Brioiit's Diskask op thr, Blorhns
Briijht'i! seu (ilhuritinen'iiin seu grnniilo'eus Rk-
iiuiii, Ncphri'lis nihil 1)1 i no' 8a seu Hoela'ta, Nepli'-
rin, Nejihroehdlmo'sis, N^ephrococco'nin, Uroze' mia
(ilbiitiiiiio'uri, Citcliec'tic or Asso'ciated nephrith,
Injinmmdtion of the Malpig'hina cor' piisclen, Dia-
eane of Bright, Gran'nlnr Def/enern'tion or Vis-
or(i(inizalion of the Kidney, Gronnhir Kiditp/ij of
Bright, Uiichee'tic ncphri'tin, Chiil<tzonephri'ti»,
(F.) Mcdadie de Bright, Nephrite albuinineiise,
Etnt Grnnideux ou Degeiierencence grnniilee du
Rein, Albiiniiiinrorrhee. A granular disease of
the cortical part of the kidney, which gives occa-
sion to the secretion of urine that contains albu-
men, and is of less specific gravity than natural,
and which destroys by inducing other diseases.
It was first described by Dr. Bright, of London.
KinNKV, GiiANULAR, OP BuiGHT, Kidney,
Bright's disease of the.
KI'ESTEINE, Ki'estein, properly Ky'esteine,
Ki/'entein, Ki/stein, Gij'esteine or Gy'estein, Kies-
the'iii, — (Lehmann), from kvciv, 'to be pregnant,'
and caOiii. ' a garment or pellicle.' A peculiar
albuminoid pellicle, which forms on the urine of
a pregnant female when allowed to stand for a
few days. It is whitish, opalescent, slightly
granular, and may be compared to the fatty sub-
stance that swims on the surface of soups, after
they have been allowed to cool. When taken in
conjunction with other phenomena, it is a valu-
able aid in the diagnosis of early pregnancy.
KIKSTIN' IC, Klestin'iciia ; same etymon. Re-
lating or appertaining to kiesteine ; us ' kiestinic
urine.'
KILBURN, MINERAL WATERS OP. These
springs contain carbonic acid, sulphohydric acid;
carbonates of lime, magnesia, and iron ; sulphates
of soda, lime, and magnesia, and chloride of
sodium.
KILE. Ulcer.
KILL LAMB, Andromeda raariana.
KILO(iRAMMR, Chiliogmm'ma, from ;^iXio(,
'a thousand,' and ypa/iiia, 'a gramme.' The
Weight of a thousand grammes; — two pounds,
eight ounces, one drachm, and twenty-four grains,
Troy.
KILOLITRE, from ;^iXioi, 'a thousand,' and
Xiro'i, ' a litre.' A measure containing a thousand
litres.
KIXA KIXA, Cinchona.
KTXAXCTE, Cynanehe.
KINCOUGH, Pertussis.
KINDCOUGII, Pertussis.
KINESIP'ATHY, Kinesitherapi'a, Cincsip'-
aihy, Movement cure. Motor' palhy, Afediei'na mc-
chun'icd, from /civr/uif, 'motion,' and vados, 'dis-
ease.' A mode of treating disease by gymnastics
or appropriate movements proposed by Ling, a
Swede, and hence called Lingism.
KINETIC, Motory.
KINGCURE, Pyrola maculata>
KING'S EVIL, Scrofula.
KINGSIIOOD, Reticulum.
KINICI ACETAS, Quinia, acetate of.
KIXINUM, Quinine.
KINIUM, Quinine.
KINK, Quinte.
KINK IN THE HEAD, see Insanity.
KINKHAUST, Pertussis.
KINKHOST, Pertussis.
KINKINA, Cinchona.
KINO, Gunnni Gamhien'ae seu rnbrnm ndntrin'-
geuH Gambien'ae seu adstrin'gens Fothergilli, Af-
rican, East India or Amhoy'na kino, (E.) Gomme,
Hue ou exirait de kino. The trees, whence one
variety of this resin is obtained, are not botani-
cally ascertained. The London college ascribe
it to Pterocar'pus eritia'cea ; the Edinburgh to
Enralyp'tUH reiiiiifera seu guinmlf'ern, Iron
hark ; and the Dublin to Biitea frondo'na. The
Pbarmacopneia of the United States, (1842 and
1851), defines it to be "an extract obtained, from
an uncertain plant;" that of 1851 states it to be
the inspissated juice of Pterocarp'na marsn'pium
(De CandoUe) and of other plants. On wound-
ing the bark, the kino flows drop by drop. A
West India variety is said to be derived from Coc-
col'oba uvif'era or Sen-side Grape ; and a /lotam/
Bay kino is said to be the concrete juice of Enca-
lyp'tus resinif'era or broion grtm-tree of New Hol-
land. Sex. Syst. Icosandria Mtmogynia. Kat.
Ord. MyrtaceiB. Kino consists chiefly of tannic
and gallic acids, oxide of iron, and colouring mat-
ter. It is inodorous; the taste a sweetish l)itter;
and it is sometimes gritty between the teeth. It
comes to us in fragments of a dark ruby red
colour, and is easily pulverized. Its properties
are powerfully astringent. Dose, gr. x to gr. xs
in powder.
KIONORRHAPHIA, Staphyloraphy.
KI'OTOME, Kiot'omus, from kiwv, 'a pillar,'
'support,' and reixvciv, 'Co cut.' (F.) Conpebrxde.
An instrument invented by Desault to cut any
accidental brides or filaments in the rectum and
bladder ; and which he afterwards used for the
removal of the tonsils. It is composed of a flat,
silver sheath, open at one edge. This sheath is
provided with a cutting blade, which can be forced
through the opening, and thus all the parts can be
divided with which it comes in contact.
KIPPERNUT, Bunium bulbocastanum.
KIRATE. A weight of four grains, according
to Blancard.
KIRIAGHUMA, Gvmneura lactiferum.
KIRKLAND'S NEUTRAL CERATE, see
Cerate, Kirkland's Neutral.
KIRNMTLK, Buttermilk.
KIRRIIONOSIS, Cirrhosis.
KIKRIIOSIS, Cirrhosis.
KIRSCHWASSER, (G.) Kirsch and Was-
ser), 'Cherry water.' An alcoholic liquor, ob-
tained from cherries bruised with their stones, by
subjecting them to distillation, after having
caused thetn to ferment. See Spirit.
KISS 'IN GEN, MINERAL WATERS OF.
These Bavarian springs have been long fre-
quented. There are three, — two chalybeate, and
one alkaline and acidulous.
KIST. A weight of 14 grains. — Paracelsus.
KITILLING
520
K R A M E P. T A
KTTTLLTXG, Tickling.
KrTTi,I\(i, Tickling'.
KLAl'ROTHII SUMMIAS, Ca.linii sulplins.
KLAPIIOTIIIUM SULPlIUKICUM,soe Cad-
luii fiulplijis.
KLKPTOMA'XIA, Cleptomauia, Klopema'-
iild. Vlopeiiiiinin ; frdin kActttui, 'I steiil,' und
vuiiiia. Insanity, with an irresistible propensity
to steal.
KLIXOCRPHALIA, Clinocephalia.
KLIPDAS, see llvrax Capeiisis.
KLOPEMAXIA, kleptomania.
KNAP-KNEED, see Entoi^cmvancon.
KNAKESBOROUGII, iMINEUAL WATERS
OF. see Ilarroi^ate, mineral waters of.
KNEADING, Shampooing.
KNEE, Genu.
K.N'EK. Hoi!SB.\f aid's. An inflammation of the
bursa, which in most individuals is in front of the
jiatella, and is apt to inflame and enlarge from
eiTusion in those in whom it is subjected to much
]iressare. Hence its name. It is a form of cap-
sular rlieumatism.
KNEE-HOLLY, Ruscus.
KNEE-JOINT, Genu.
KNEE SCAB, Crusta genu equinae — k. Encir-
cled hoof. Crusta genu equina;.
KNIFE. Sa.\. cniP. Swed. Knif. Dan.
Kniv. (¥.) Canif. Citlter, Smile, Cnl tell' im, To-
]iiei'i)ii, Totiie'iii, Machce'i'ci, Macha' rion, Machoi'-
rix, (F.) Ciintenu. A cutting instrument, used in
.'urgery to divide the soft parts, and which only
differs from the bistouri or scalpel in being usu-
ally larger.
The most common knives are the following:
KniI'H, Ampiita'tiox, (F.) Citutean d ampiita-
ti'i'ii, C. droit, Cidter revtiis. This is the largest
of the knives used in surgery. Formerly, they
were curved ; now they are straight, and pro-
vided with one or two edges.
Knifk, Cat'araCT, Ceratot'nmiiS, Kcrntnt'omiis,
(F.) Contenii d catarncte. The cataract knives
of Richter, AVenzel, Ward, and others, being in-
tended to perform the section of the transparent
cornea, arc so shaped as to e.xactly fill the small
wound made by them; and thus to prevent the
discharge of the aqueous humour, until the sec-
tion is completed. The blade of the knives of
AVenzel and Ward resembles a very narrow lan-
cet, blunt in the posterior five-sixths of one of its
edges. The blade of that of Richter is pyrami-
dal, cutting through the whole length of its in-
ferior edge, and also blunt in the five-si.xths of
the upper.
Knifk, Ches'et-ben's. A knife with a fixed
handle; very convex on its edge, concave on the
back, which was used by Cheselden in lithotomy.
Knifk, Chookkd, Cidter falca'tna, Cidter cnr-
riii, (F. ) Couteau conrhe. A knife, which is
crooked and concave on its cutting edge. It was
formerly employed in amputation of the limbs.
Knipk, Crotchet, Cidtet'lus uncus, (F.) Cou-
tcnn (i crochet. A steel instrument, composed of
!i round staff, furnished with a handle at one ex-
tremity, and at the other with a curved knife.
It was formerly used to cut to pieces monstrous
foetuses in utero, and to open the head when ne-
cessary.
Knife, Douni.E-EnoRr), AnrepH cnltel'lus, Am-
jihis' niela, Aiiiphis'mile, Cutlint/, (F.) Coutenn d
deux trunchans ou dentirticidfitenr ou interonseiijr.
A knife, the blade of which is straight and sharp
on both sides. It is used for disarticuhxting
bones; and for cutting the soft parts situate be-
tween the bones, in amputation of the leg and
forearm.
KNIFE EN SERPETTE. (F.) Couteau en
terpette. A sort of knife, of the shape of a ser-
jjette or pruning-knife, invented by Dcsault for
dividing the bony paries of the maxillary sinus,
for the purjioso of extracting fungi frinn it.
Knifi:, Lentic'i'LAK, Cidter h.ulividu'riii, (F.)
Coiitetiii leiiticultiire. An instruuieiit, used in tli6
operation of trc]ianning, for removing inequalities
in the inner table of the skull, whii li may have
been left by the crown of the Irepliine around
the opening made by it. It is formed of a len-
ticular button, fixed at the extremity of nn iron
staff, which is convex on one side, fiat on the
other; sharp at both edges, and mounted ou an
ebony handle.
Knife, Litiiot'omy, (F.) Couteau Uthotnme. A
name, given by Foubert to a large knife, the
narrow blade of which, four and a half inches
in length, was sharp in its whole extent, and
made an obtuse angle with the handle, lie used
it in the lateral operation.
Knife, Polypus, Polypotome.
Knife, Root-cutting. In Pharmacy, a knife
moving on a joint at its pointed extremity, by
which roots and other ligneous matters are di-
vided in pharmaceutical processes.
KNIFE'SMAN, see Surgery, salvation.
KNIT-BACK. Symphytum.
KNOBWEED. Ctdlinsonia.
KNOCK-KNEED, Entogonyancon.
KNOT, Tubercle.
Knot, Packeu's, (F.) JVocud d'emholleur. A
compressive bandage, used for arresting hemor-
rhage from the temporal artery or its branches.
The nwud d'cmhulleur is made with a double-
headed roller, five ells long. A graduated com-
press is placed over the opening in the artery,
and the bandage is applied over it; the balls of
the roller being carried horizontally round to the
opposite temple, where they arc crossed obliquely
and carried back to the part where the compress
is situate. The hands are then changed with the
rollers, crossing them so as to form a knot, and
taking one above the head; the other beneath
the chin. They are then crossed'again, so as to
form several knots, one above the other. This
bandage is called, by some surgeons, auluir or
oblique cheventre or capintriim.
Knot, Surgeon's, Nodus chirur'yicua, (F.)
Nceud dii ehinir(jivn. A double knot made by
passing the thread twice through the same noose.
This knot is used frequently in the ligature of
arteries, the umbilicial cord, <fec.
KNOTBERRIES, Rubus chamreraorus.
KNOTtjRASS, Polygonum aviculare.
KNOTROOT, Collinsonia Canadensis.
KNOTWEED, Collinsonia Canadensis, Poly-
gonum aviculare.
KNOWLTON'IA VESICATO'RIA. Nat.
Order, Ranunculacea?. An acrid plant of South
Africa, used by the Cape colonists as a blister ia
rheumatism.
KOINO-MIASMATA, see Miasm.
KOKUM, Garcinia purpurea — k. Butter, see
Garcinia purpurea.
KOLERUS, a name given by Paracelsus to a
drv ulcer.
kOLPORRAPIIY, Elytrorrhaphy.
KOLTO, Plica.
KOOCHLA TREE, Strychnns nux vomica.
KOOSSO, Ilagenia Abyssinica.
KOPYOPIA, see Copyopia.
KORIS, Cimex.
KOSSO, Hagenia Abyssinica.
KOUMIS, Kumyss.
KOUSSO, Ilagenia Abyssinica.
KRAME'RIA, Krameria trian'dra, Crnme'rin,
Ratan'hiii, Hhnttui'ia, Riit'unhij, (F.) Jiutmihle,
— Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia, Not. Ord.
Polygaleae, — is a native of Java. The root, A''ro-
me'ria (Ph. U. S.), has a bitter taste; and U
KREASOTON
521
LABIA CUNNI
astringent, diuretic, and detergent. Dose, ^j
to 3J.
Kkamk'hia Ixi'na or Jialauhy of the Autitks
hi)8 siiniliir virtues.
KREASOTON, Creasote.
KllKATrC NAUSEA, see Nausea.
KUKATIXE, Creatine.
KKIOAT[NINE, see Creatine.
KKKATOI'HAUOUS, Carnivorous.
KREASOTON, Creasote.
K R K r 1 N I SM US, Creti nism.
KRIEBELKHANKIIEIT, Convulsio ce-
realis.
KRONE, Crown.
KRYSTALLINE, see Crystalline.
KUA KAi[A, Curc-uiua loiij^a.
KUMY'SS, KoHiiiijHii, KoiimiH. A beverage
used ill families by the peo])le of Yakutz. It
re.seinbles .lour buttermilk, without being greasy.
According to Sir George Sim|).son, it is preiiared
ill a very simple way from mare's milk, which is
merely allowed to stand for some days in a lea-
thern churn till it becomes sour. It is then bot-
tled for use. This drink is rather nutritious than
exhilarating; but from the same material the
Rurats mid the Kirghez prepare an intoxicating
spirit in which they indulge to excess.
KUSSAUDER, Convolvulus panduratus.
KUTKULE.[A, Ciesalpinia bonducella.
KUTOOKURUNJA, Ciusalpinia bonducella.
KUTUliUTII. An Arabic name for a species
of melancholy in which the patient is never quiet
nt any one place, but wanders about here and
there, see Cuttubuth. Also, the name of an in-
sect, which lives at the surface of stagnant
waters, and is in a constant state of agitation.
Slime lexicographers imagine that it is on ac-
count of this last circumstance, that the name of
the insect has been given to the disease.
KWOSO. llagenia Abyssinica.
KYAXOSIS, Cyanopathy.
KYAI'UTTY, Caieput.
KYESTEINE, Kiesteine.
KYESTINIC, Kiestinic.
KYLLOPODIA, Kyllosis
KYLLO'SIS, from Ki.AXof, 'crooked,' 'lame.'
Ci/llo'sis, Kyllnpnd'ia. Professor Chaussier so
calls congenital distortion of the feet, CInhfnnt,
J'ull/ool, Slnmpfont, (Prov.) Pianmel-font, Tal'-
ipra, (F.) Pled hot. Of this there are many
varieties. In one, the foot, instead of resting on
the soil, by the whole plantar surface, touches it
only with the mctatarso-phalangian articulations.
It seems iis if turned backwards and broken upon
the leg. (Pen sen T(d'ipes Kiini'niis, Hlp'popi(8,
Oxypod'ia, Tip-foot, Ilorse/ool.) In other cases
the foot is twisted inwards, (Vdriis, 7'(d'ipes
mnm, llliBKop'odcK, Ula'ixipux, Cijlfoepim, Cylhip'-
«(/'(, Cjjllopod'inn, Ln'ripen, Crosnfoot, (P.) Cag-
ueux,) so that it rests only on the ground on its
outer edge; or it may be twisted outwards,
( VitlijHit, Tal'ipeit ValijiiH, Out -bow -foot.) or rest
only on its inner edge, or on the back part of the
heel, Tullpes cnlcn'neiie, Heel clubfoot. In the
Jidtfoot or splayfoot, Dmhfoot. Splot-foot, Sor'-
iipiis, Plot'ypiis, Plalypod'in, (F.) Pied plat, the
plantar surface of the foot is flattened instead of
being concave.
These deformities are rarely accidental. They
are almost always congenital, and may be rec-
tified, at an early period, by proper mechanical
means to strengthen the foot gradually and re-
store it to its jiroper shape and directitm ; and if
these means fail, the tendons and muscles con-
cerned in the deformity may be divided.
KYMOGRAPJI'ION, C'ymotpaph'ioyi ; from
Kvixa, 'wave,' and ypa^.u), 'I describe.' A wave
describer or measurer.' An instrument invented
by Ludwig, which is self-registering, and exhibits
the relation between the waves of the pulse and
the undulations produced by respiration.
KY'NA, Pastinaca opoponax.
KY'PIIOSIS, see Cy|diosis — k. Inflammatoria,
Vertebral disease — k. Paralytica, Vertebral dis-
ease.
KYST, Cyst, Kystis, Cyslis, from Kvarii, 'a
bladder,' ' poOch.' (F.) Kysle. This term is ge-
nerally applied to a pouch or sac, — Cysto'mn, — ■
without opening, and commonly of a membranous
nature, which is accidentally developed in one of
the natural cavities, or in the substance of organs.
.Many theories have been successively emitted to
explain the formation of cysts, but none are en-
tirely satisfactorj'. Some are formed by a thin,
translucent membrane, having scarcely the thick-
ness of the arachnoid ; others of a whitish, fjbro-
cellular membrane, more or less thick. Some
contain cartilaginous or bony flakes. The greater
part have but one cavity; others, on the contrary,
liave several, separated by complete or imperfect
septa, as is frequently seen in those developed in
the ovaries. 'The matter contained in cysts is
sometimes limpid, serous, yellowish white, red-
dish, and, at others, more or less thick, albumi-
nous, adipous, or caseous. The tumour, formed
by them, is called Encysted.
KYSTE, Kyst — A-. Amvrysmal, AnevivismsX
sac.
KY^STEIN, Kiesteine.
KYSTHI'TIS, Cysthi'tis, from Kva^of, 'the va,-
giiia.' Inflammation of the vulva and of the
mucous membrane of the vagina.
A' YS TITOM E, Cyst Home.
KYSTHOPTO'SIS, from kvc^o?, 'the vagina,'
and niTTTiii, ' I fall.' Prolapsus or inversion of the
vagina.
KY'TE, Abdomen, ,Stomach.
KY'TTARR]IAG"IA,from KVTraptov, ' an alve-
olus,' and payu, or pnyvviit, 'I break forth.' Dis-
charge of blood from an alveolus.
L.
LARARTUM, from hihi, 'to fall.' Looseness
of the teelh.
LARDACISMUS, Lallation.
LARDAMEN, Cistus creticus.
LABDANU.M, see Cistus creticus.
LARE, from X(i/3u>, XanD-ivo), 'I seize, 'I take,'
'the act of grasping.' Invasion. Also, em-
ployed to denote the first paroxysm of fevers. —
Galen. IIi|ipoerales.
LAREO, Chilon.
LARES, Cbilon. Macula.
I,ARIA CUNNF. Lips of the vulva— 1. Interna
sen Minora. Nympha' — 1. Majora, Lips of the
vulva — 1. Pudendi, Lips of the vulva — 1. Pu-
dendi minora, Nymphse.
LABIAL
522
LACERUM
LABTAL, Li(h\n'l!s, from labium, 'a lip.'
LABIAL, Orbicularis oris.
LabiaIj Autkry. Iliillernnd Sabaticrcall thus
the fdfinl ni-tcri/ of the niiijority of anatninists.
The labial arteries, properly so called, coronari/
arteries of the llpx, fF.) Caronaires des levres,!iTe
two in number. The superior arises from the
facial, above, and very close to, tlie commissure
of the lips. It is large and tortuous, and is dis-
tributed to the upper lip. The lower arises from
the facial, at a considerable distance from the
commissure, and jiroceeds, in a serpentine course,
into the substance of the lower lip, to which it is
distributed.
Labial Glands. This name is given to a mul-
titude of muciparous follicles, of some size, round,
prominent, and separate from each other, which
are found on the inner surface of the lips, below
the mucous membrane.
Labial Veins are distinguished, like the arte-
ries, into superior and inferior. They open into
the facial vein ; — a division of the internal jugular.
LABIALTS. Orbieularis oris.
LABTDOMETER, Labimeter.
LABIM'ETER, (F.) Lahimitre ou Lnbidome-
tre, from ^u|3is, \afii^oi, ' forceps,', and iicrgov,
'measure.' A scale adapted to the handles of
the forceps, which indicates the distance of the
blades from each other, when applied to the head
of the child in vtero.
LABTS, Forceps.
LABIUM, Lip — I. Leporinum, Harelip — 1.
Uteri, Amphideum.
LABLAB. Dolichos lablab.
LABOR AXS, Si<k.
LABOliA TOrUE, Laboratory.
LABORATORIUM, Laboratory — 1. Chymi-
cum sen phaniiiu-euticum, see Pharmacopoeia.
LAB'ORATORY, Lnborato'rinm, Ergaste'rinn,
(F.) Laboratoire, from labornre, lahoratitm, 'to
work.' A work-shop. A place for preparing
chemical or pharmaceutical products, Ac.
LABORTORIIS, Sick.
LABO'RIOUS. Delivery is said to be labo-
rious. Partus Inbrtrio'siin, Ifoi/ostoc'ia, (F.) Ae-
covchement lahorieiix, when attended with more
difficulty and suffering tl)an usual. With some,
laborious labour moans one that requires the use
of instruments. See Dystocia.
LABOUR. Parturition.
Labour Chair. Obsfet'rie chair. A chair, in
■which a parturient woman is placed during de-
livery.
Laboi^r, Complicated, see Parturition — 1.
Difficult, Dystocia — 1. Dry, Partus siccus — 1.
Forced, see Parturition — 1. Impracticable, see
Parturition — 1. Morbid, Dystocia.
Labour Pains, see Pains.
Labour, Powrrlbss, see Parturition — 1. Pre-
mature, Parturition, (premature) — 1. Preternatu-
ral, Metatocia, see Parturition.
Labour Show, see Parturition.
LABRTSULCIUM, Cheilocace, Stomacace.
LABRUM, Lip — 1. Cerebri, Infundibulum of
the brain.
LABRUPCA. Bryonia alba.
LAB'YRIXTII, Lnbyrinth'us, Antrum hueci-
no'sum. A place, full of turnings, the exit of
■which is not easily discoverable. Anatomists
have given this name to the aggregate of parts,
constituting the internal ear, Labi/rinth'us nuris
in'timm, In'tima pars or'ijani andi'tCis, Laby-
riuth'ic cariti/ of the ear. The Labyrinth is
situate between the tympanum and meatus audi-
torius internus. It is composed of several ca-
vities, wliich communicate with each other in the
dried bone; as the vestibule, cochlea, semicircular
canals, &c. It is lined by periosteum, and also
by a pulpy membrane, constituting the membra-
nous labyrinth, on which the auditory nerve ig
regularly dispersed. This membrane forms two
sacks in the vestibule, called sae'culus reslib'uli
and sae'culus, respectively, wliich resemble in
shape that of the bony cavities containing them.
Each sac contains calcareous matter, constituting
the Otoliths and Otocouies. When tlie sac ig
laid open, upon the upper and outer part, a par-
tition appears, partaking of the nature of the sac,
and called by Meckel, Septum vestib'uli nervu'io-
membrana'cenm.
Labyrinth is also applied to the lateral portions
of the ethmoid bone, which are formed of large
irregular cells.
Labyrinth, Mrmbranous, see Labyrinth.
LABYRINTH'IC, Labyrinth' icus, (F.) Lnhj.
rinthique. Relating or appertaining to the laby-
rinth.
LABYRiNTnic Cavity of the Ear, Labyrinth.
LABYRINTIIUS, Labyrinth— 1. Auris Inli-
mae, see Labyrinth.
LAC, Lacca, Laqueus, Milk — 1. Ani\noniaci,
Misturaammoniaci — -I. Amygdahp, Emidsioainyg-
dalao — 1. Asafcetidie, Mistura asaffctida; — 1. Avis,
Albumen ovi — I. Guaiaci, Mistura Guaiaci.
Lac, Gum, Lacca.
Lac LuNyE, Marga Candida — 1. Maris, Sperm —
1. Pressum,Curd — 1. Primurn Puerper.'c, Colostrum,
Lac, Seed, Lacca — 1. Shell, Lacca — I. Stick,
Lacca.
Lac Sulphdris, Sulphur praecipitatum — 1. Ter-
ras. Magnesia? carbonas — l.Virginis, Virgin's milk,
LACAPII'THON. Supposed to be the bark
of some fir or other tree. It entered into the
composition of the Ci/phi, used in fumigations —
Paulus of jl5gina. Supposed to be the Nareujjh'-
thum or Nascajih'thum. — Ruellius.
LACCA, from hil-ah, Arab. (Jummi larca. Sticl;
Gum, Seed, or Shell, lac, (F.) Lnque, Gomme
Ltique. Lac is a substance formed by an insect,
and deposited on different species of trees, chiefly
in the East Indies, for e.xaniple, on Uroton lac-
ci/'erum, and two species of Ficus, — Ficus reli-
fjio'sa, and F. In'dica. The various kinds, dis-
tinguished in commerce, are sticlc-lac, which is
the substance in its natural state, investing the
small twigs of the tree; and seed-lac, which is
the same broken off. When melted, it is called
shell-lae.
Lac was, at one time, used in the form of tinc-
ture, as a tonic and astringent; and it still forms
part of particular dentifrices.
LACERA'TION, Lacera'tio, Rhege, Jihetj'mus,
Rhec/ma, Ruptu'ra, Rupture, from lacerare, Inee-
ratum, 'to tear:' — Dilacera'tin, Sparny'ma, (F.)
Arrachement, Dechircuioit, Dilaceratinu, Broie-
ment. The act of tearing or rending. The breach
made by tearing or rending; as a lacerated
wound. Tresis vulnus lacera'tum, Laceratu'ra,
Vuliius lacerafum.
LACERATURA, see Laceration.
LACERTA, Lizard — 1. Aquatica, see Ectozos.
LACERTI CORDIS, Columns carneae — 1.
Musculortim, see Muscular fibre.
LACERTOSUS, Muscular.
LACERTULI CORDIS, Columnae carneae.
LACERTUS, Brachium, Muscle, see Muscular
fibre.
LACERUM. Same etymon aa Laceration.
Any thing torn, or appearing as if torn.
Lac"ekum Fora'men Ante'hius, (F.) Tmn
dSchire anterieur, Hiatus spheno-pelriu.r, (Ch.)
is an irregular opening, formed liy the sphenoid,
occipital and petrous portion of the temporal bone.
It is closed by cartilage, and forms a kind of
fontanelle, situated at the termination of the
petro-occipital suture.
Lacerum Foramen Poste'rius, Foramen .;«-
gnlu're, F. luccrum in Basi Cra'nii, (F.) Trou
LACIIANON
523
LACTIC
(lechiri potiterieur, Hiatus occi'pi'to-p^treux, (Cli.)
is formed by the occipital bone, and the inferior
edge of the i)etrous portion of the temporal bone.
Through it, the internal jugular vein, the eighth
pair of nerves, and accessory nerve pass out of
the cranium.
Lackruh Foramen Superius, Sphenoidal
fisBure.
LACII'ANON, from ^a^aivu), 'I dig.' A pot
herb : OIuh. pi. Oler<i, a vegetable used as food.
LACIIESIS PICTA, see Arrow-poison.
Laciiksis Riiombka'ta, Fhtwmon. A poison-
ous seri)eiit comtmrn in ihe lower forests of Peru.
LACIINANTII'KS TINCTO'RIA, DUa'tHs
tlmln'rin, Redioat ; indigenous. Ord. Ilajraodo-
raceiu, (from Xaxvn, 'wool,' and av&os, 'a flower,'
owing to its woolly flowers.) The root is as-
tringent an<i tonic.
LACIIKYMA, Tear; see Vitis vinifera.
LACIi'KYi\I.\L, Lncri/nia'lin, from hicryma,
'a tear.' Uelonging to the tears. This epithet
is given to various parts.
Lachrymal Apparatus, see Lachrymal Pas-
sages.
Lachrymal Artery proceeds from the opb-
thnlniic ; and distributes its i)rincipal branches to
the lachrymal gland.
Lachhymal Canal or Duct, Nanal Cdnnl or
duct, Vdiiii'lix /iicryiiKi'liji seu or'bilce iinnd'/ix seu
Sued liicri/Diit' Ha, Diiclits ad Namiiii seu Nana.'-
lis orbltm, is formed by the superior maxillary
bone, OS unguis, and os turbinatuin inferius; and
is seated in the outer paries of the nasal fossae.
It is lined by a prolongation of the mucous mem-
brane of the lachrymal sac; and its inferior
orifice is furnished with a valvular duplicature.
This duct transmits the tears, which have been
absorbed at the great angle of the eye by the
puncta laorymali.'i, into the nasal fossae.
Lacwirvmal Caru.nulk, see Caruncula lacry-
midls.
Lachrymal Duct, Lachrymal Canal.
LACMitYNfAL Fossa, Faxxa seu Fo'vea lacnjmrt'.
lis, is a slight depression at the upper part of the
orbit, which lodges the lachrymal gland.
Lachrymal Gla.nd, Ol<iii'diil(i lacryma'lia seu
inuomiiiti'tti Gii/e'iii, is seated in a depression of
the frontal bono at the upper, anterior, and outer
part of the orbit. It is of about the size of an
almond ; and of an oval shape, flattened above
and below: — its great diameter being the antero-
posterior. It is composed of several small lobules,
united by areolar tissue, and separated by it as
well as by vessels and nerves which creep in the
intervals. This gland has seven or eight excre-
tory ducts, which open behind the upper eyelid.
Its line is to secrete the tears, and pour them on
the globe of the eye by the excretory ducts.
Lachrymal Groove, (F.) Oonttieie lacii/mnlp,
is the b(my channel, which lodges the lachrymal
sac. It is seated at the anterior and inner part
of the orbit, and is formed by the os unguis and
the ascending process of the upper jaw bone.
Lachrymal Her\l\, Lachrijmal Tumour, Her'-
»im Sued Lacri/ma'dx, is when the tears enter the
puncta, but cannot pass to the nose, and accumu-
late. By Anel, this was called Dropsy of (he La-
cri/mnl sac.
Lachrymal Nerve is the smallest of the three
brunches formed by the ophthalmic nerve. It is
distributed, particularly, to the lachrymal glnnd
and to the upper eyelid. In its course it gives
oft a >iplifiio-m<i.rll!ari/ and a tiinlnr filament.
LxcHKYMAL Papilla, see Lachrymal Puncta.
Lacfirymal Passages, Vice, laenjma'les, (P.)
Yoies litcryiDdlcs. The organs concerned in the
secretion of tears, in spreading them over the
eye, ami taking them up again to transmit them
into the nasal fossa;. The lachrymal passages i
are composed of the lachrymal gland, caruncle,
puncta, ducts, lachrymal sac, and nasal duct,
which, together, form the luchiymal appara'tua,
(F.) Appareil lacrynial.
Lachrymal Puxcta, Puncta Lacryma'lia, Spi-
rnm'iua Palpebra' mm, (F.) Points lacryinuux,
are two small, round, and contractile openings,
situate in the centre of a tubercle or papilla. Pa-
pilla lacryma'lis, Tuher'culnm lacryina'le, about
a line and a half distant from the inner commis-
sure of the eyelids, and continuous with the la-
chrymal ducts. These ducts, Lacryma'les Caiia-
lic'uli, Cana'les seu Ductus lacryma'les, Ductus
lacrymales lutera'les seu pui'cto'rum lacryma' Hum,
Oor'iiua lacryma'lia seu lima'enm, Collic'icB pu)ic-
to'rum Incryma'lium, Canalic'uii limn'cum, (F.)
Conduits lucrymaux, are two in number — a sujik-
rior and an inferior — which extend from the
puncta to the lachrymal sac. They seem formed
by a very delicate prolongation of the conjunc-
tiva, which is continuous with the mucous mem-
brane of the lachrymal sac, (F.) lieservoir dea
larmes : — the Saceus seu Sinus seu Laciis lacry-
ma'lis, Daeryocys'tis, In/undil/itlum lacryma'te.
Lachrymal Tubercle, see Lachrymal punctii.
Lachrymal Vklns accompany the artery of
the same name, and open into the ophthalmic and
palpebral veins.
LACIIRYMATION, Lacrymatio — 1. Sangui-
neous, Daeryhffimorrhysis.
LACI'NIA, 'a hem or fringe.'
LACINIvE TUBARUM FALLOPII, see Tube,
Fallopian.
LAO IS, Ple.xus.
LA CM US, Lichen roccella.
Lacmus TiNCTORius, Lichen roccella.
LACONICUM, Vaporarium, see Stove.
LA CQ, Laqueus.
LACRIMA, Tear.
LACRUMA, Tear.
LACRVMA, Tear.
LACRYMALIS, Lachrvmal.
LACRYMA'TIO, Lachryma'tion, Epiphora.
Also, a profuse secretion of tears from any cause:
— weeping, Ftetus, Plora'tio, Ploru'tus.
LACRYMINE, see Tears.
LACTALBUMEX, Casein.
LACTANS. Nur.se.
LACTA'RIUM, Lacticin'ium ; from lac, 'milk.'
Food prepared fri>m milk. Milk diet or food.
LACTATE DE FEU, Ferri lactas— /. de Qui-
nine, Quinia? lactas.
LACTA'TION, Lacta'tio, TheWsis, Thelas'mus,
from lactn, lartatum, {lac, 'milk,') 'I suckle,' 'I
give milk.' Sucklimj : — the giving of such, (F.)
Allaitement. The French make four varieties of
lactation. 1. Allaitement maternal — Maternal
Lactation, when the mother suckles the child. 2.
A. etranger mcrcenaire, — when another suckles
it. .3. A. artificiel, when the child is brought up
by hand. 4. A. animal, when the child is suckled
by an animal.
LACTE, Lactic.
LACTEAL, Lactic — 1. Sac, see Lactiferous
vessels.
LACTEALS, Chvliferous vessels.
LACTEIN, Milk, solidified.
LACTENS, Sucking child.
LACTE8, Mesentery, Pancreas.
LACTEUS, Lactic.
LACTIC, Lac'tens, Galac'ticus, Galac'tintis,
lacteal, milky, (F.) Lacte, Laiteux, from lac,
lactis, ' milk.' Appertaining to, or resemblint
milk.
Lactic Acin, Ac'idum Lnc'teum seu Lactis seu
Lnc'ticum, Acid of milk, Galac'tic, Nan'ceic or
Ca'seic Add, (F.) Acide Lactique. This has be.en
recommended as a therapeutical agent in atonic
dyspepsia, owing to its being presumed to be one
LACTICA
524
L>EMOSTENOSIS
of the gastric acids secreted in health. It is
given either in the form of lemonade or of
lozenges. The acid is obtained either from uiilli
or from the juice of the red beet.
LACTICA. Typhoid.
LACTICANS, Nurse.
LACTICINIA. Parotid.
LACTICINIUM. Lactarium.
LACTIFEllE, Lactiferous.
LACTIF'EROUS, GnlacUq>VorwH, Lac'Ufer,
(F.) Lartl/eie, from lac. hictis, ' uiilli,' and fero,
•I carry.' Milk-conveying.
Lactiferous Vksskls, Lnctifei-ouD or Galac-
tnph'oruKx Diirtu, Tii'hnU lacliferi, Diictim lacti-
feri sen lac'tei, (F.) VdinKeoux OU conduits hic-
tiferes, are the excretory ducts of tlie mammarj'
gland, each of which, running towards the nijijde,
dilates beneath the areola into an elongated
sacculus — the lacteal or (jalactophorotiK nac, re-
ceptacle or sinus — siic'culiis seu sinus lactiferus.
Lactiferous or Lacteal Swelling. A tu-
mefaction of the breast, supposed by Sir Astley
Cooper to arise from a large collection of milli in
one of the lactiferous tubes, the result of chronic
inflammation of the tube near the nipple, with
closure of its aperture, and ol>literation of tlie
canal for an inch or more. The tube requires to
be punctured.
LACTIF'UGA, Lac'tifntje, from lac, lacti's,
'milk,' and /"(/o, 'I drive away.' Medicines
which dispel milk.
LACTKiO, Porrigo larvalis.
LACTINE, Sugar of milk.
LACTIN'IA, from lac, lactis, 'milk.' Food
prepared with milk.
LACTIPOTOR, OaJactopotes.
LACTIS CONCRETIONES, Infarctus Mam-
ma; larteus.
LACTIS REDUNDANTIA, Galnctia — 1. Re-
tcntio, Galactischesis — 1. Sanguinolenti Excretio,
Galactoha'mia.
LACTISUGIUM. Antlia lactea.
LACTrVORUS, Galactophagous.
LACTOCELE, Galactoccle.
LACTOLINE, Milk, solidified.
LACTOMETER, Galactometer.
LACTOS/'J, Sugar of milk.
LACTU'CA, from lac, lactis, 'milk ;' so called,
from its milky juice. Lactuca Sati'va, Lettuce,
Garden Lettuce, Eiinu'cliium Meco'nis, Thridax,
Ciierhas, (F.) T^aitue ordinaire. Ord. Coinpositse,
is used as a wh(desome salad. The seeds pos-
sess a quantity of oil, which, when formed into
an emulsion, has been advised in ardoruriiuc, &c.
The inspissated juice. Lactuca'rium, Thrid'ace,
Lettuce opium, resembles, in odour and appear-
ance, that of opium, and is, like it, narcotic, but
uncertain. Dose, gr. j to x, and more.
Lactuca Elongata, see L. virosa — 1. Graveo-
lens, L. virosa — 1. Floridana, Mulgedium Flori-
danum.
Lactuca Scart'ola, L. Sylves'tris, Scariola,
(F.) Laitne Scariole ou Sauvneje, possesses a
stronger degree of bitterness than L. sativa. It
has similar virtues with Z. virosa.
Lactuca Sylvestris, L. scariola — 1. Villosa,
Mulgedium acuminatum.
Lactuca Viro'sA, L.r/rov'eolens, Stronfj-scented
Lettuce, (F.) Laitue virense. The odour of this
plant, the leaves of which are used in medicine,
is stronL'ly narcotic, and the taste bitter. They
are narcotic, diuretic, and aperient; and have
been used in dropsies. Ijactu'ca elon^a'tn, Wild
Lettuce of the United States, has been employed
for L. virosa.
LACTL'CARIUM, see Lactuca.
LACTT'CIMEN, Aphthic.
LACTUCIMINA, Aphthiie.
LACTUMEN, Porrigo larvalis.
LACTFMINA, Aphtha;.
LACU'NA, Canatic'utns, diminutive of lacii;
' a hike or deep ditch.' A Fossa or Ditch. A
sinali cavity in a mucous membrane, the parietes
of which secrete a viscid humour. It is used
synonymously with crypt. Also, the exlornul
opening of such cavity.
Lacuna, Crypta, Fontanella — \. Cerebri, In-
fundiliulum of tlio brain. Pituitary gland.
Lacuna seu Sulcus seu Sul'culus La'bii
SuPEitlo'lils, Amal'ile, Amalo'rium, I'hiltrum,
Phile'trum. The hollow of the upper lip under
the nose.
Lacuna Magna, see Urethra.
Lacuna;, see Urethra.
Lacuna; op Rone. Certain dark stellate sjiots,
with tliread-like lines radiating from them, seen
under a high magnifying power. These were at
first believed to be solid osseous or bone corpuscles
or cells, Oorpus'cula os'siuni, Corpuscles of Pur-
kiuje, (F.) Cellules des os ou osseuscs, Corpusculea
des OS ou uoirs ou ramifies ou calcaires, Oslfo-
plastes ; but are now regarded as excavations in
the bone — Sac'culi chalicopjh'ori — with minute
tubes or canaliculi proceeding from tliem, and
communicating wiih the Haversian canals. The
lacunar and canaliculi are fibres concentrated in
the transit of nutrient fluid through the osseous
tissue.
Lacuna; Graaeia'na:, Z. miico'sa; niZicB. The
mucous follicles of the vagina.
Lacuna: Mucosa; Vulva;, L. Graailanai — 1,
Palpebrarum, Meibomius, glands of.
LACU'NAR, La'qnear, 'an arched roof The
roof of a chamber. Hence,
Lacu'nar Ou'BiTyE. The roof of the orbit.
Lacunar Ventkiculi Quarti Superioii, VaU
vula Vieussenii.
LACUAE DE LA L ANGUS, Cajcum fora-
men.
LACUS LACRYMALIS, Lachrymal sac.
Lacus Lacryma'rum. A small space in the
inner angle of the eye between the lids, towards
which the tears flow, and at which the triangular
canal formed between the closed lids terujiuates.
LADA, Pif)er nigrum.
LADANUM, sec Cistus creticus.
LA DEN DO, Influenza.
LADIES MANTLE, Alchemilla.
LADIES' SLII'PEH, SHOWY, Cypripedium
spectahile — 1. Slii)per. stemless, Cyiiripedium
acaule — 1. Slij)pcr, yellow, Cyprii)ediuin hiteum.
LADIES' SMOCK, Cardamine pra;tcnsis.
LA DUE. Leprous.
LA DRERJE (P.), from ladre, ' a leper.' (F.)
L>eproserie, Muladrerie. A vulgar name for
elephantiasis, or lepra. Also, an hospital for the
reception of the leprous, Leprosa'rium, Domu$
leprosa'ria, Jjcper hospital.
LADYBIRD, Coceinella septempunctata.
LADYBUG, Coceinella septempunctata.
LADYCOW, Coceinella septempunctata.
LADY CRESPIGNY'S PILLS, see Pilnlae
Aloes et Kina) Kinas.
Lady Hesketh's Pills, see Pilnlae Aloes et
Kinae Kinsie.
Lady Webster's Pills, see Pilulae Aloes et
Kinae Kinte.
LADY'S THUMB, Polygonum persicaria.
LiEDENS, pi. Lerden't'ia, from la:do,'to hurt.'
Any thing hurtful or injurious, as to the economy.
L^.MOPARALYSIS, (Esophagoplegia.
L^.MOS, Pharynx.
L jT. M 0 S C I R ' R H U S, Cancer phanjn'f/is et
cesoph'af/i, I^epmosteno'sis seu Ui/sphn'gia seirrho'-
sa ; from \at^o(, 'the pharynx or oesophagus.
Cancer of the pharvnx or oesophagus.
LiEMOSTENOS'lS, Dysphagia constricta—
1. Scirrhosa, Lamoscirrhus,
LiESIO
525
LAMINARIA DIGITATA
liM^lO, Lesion — 1. Continui, see Continuity,
goluti'Mi (pf.
L/1-yriKrCAN'TIA, from ?(Bf!/ivo {/ahm, and
ftici'i). ' I make f?'"''-' Medicines formerly used
us cdriliiilc, in dejircssion of spirits, &c.
L/KV r<JATIO, Levisation.
L/KVITAS IXTESTIXORUM, Lientery.
LA(ii:.\TOMUM, Harelip.
LA(iNI',A, Coition, Satyriasis, Sperm.
liAW.NKIA, Coition, Satyriasis, Sperm.
LA(}N'K.S[S, Furor Femininus, Nymphoma-
nia— 1. Furor maseulinus, Satyriasis — 1. Salaci-
tas, Satyriasis.
LA(;Sn;UMA, Coition, Sperm.
LAtiNIA. Satyriasis.
LAdXOSIS, Satyriasis.
LAiJOtMIKFLIIS, Harelip.
LA(iONM':S. Flanks.
LAtiONO PONGS, Pleurodynia.
LA(;ONTO.MU.M, Harelip.
LAtiOPHTHAL'AIIA, from Aayoj, 'a hare,'
and o/)viiA/Jof. 'an eye.' L)itf<>plith<i/'niiin, Lepori'-
nim Oc'itlim, Hare's Eye ; (F.) (Eil de Lievre. A
vicious arrangement of the upper eyelid, which
is so retracted that it cannot cover the globe of
the eye during sleep. It has been asserted that
this condition of the eye is natural in the hare
when asleep.
LA<iOPIITHALMUS, Lagophthalmia, Geum
urbanuni.
LA(!OSTOMA, Harelip.
LAG TEETH, Molar teeth.
LAlCIfE, Sarsaparilla (lermaniea — l. des Sa-
bles, Sarsaparilla Gcrmanica.
LAIT, Milk — I. Adoncissaitt, Loooh ex ovo —
/. d'Aiieise, Milk, asses' — I. d'AmrDides, Emulsio
iiinygdalai — I. d' Anofietida, Mistura asafnetidne
— /. de lieune. Buttermilk —I. dr; Iirel>!», Milk,
ewes' — /. Cnille, Curds — /. de Chevre, Milk,
pnnts' — /. Epniiche, L. repnndii — /. de Fetiuiir,
Milk, human — I. de Jitmeiit, Milk, mares' — I. de
Pottle, see Ovum.
LAir REPANDU. (P.) /.. (panel,?. A po-
pular expression in Frnnce, under which is eom-
preheniloil every kind of disease (and particularly
vngue pains) occurring after delivery ; all being
ascribed to diffusion or deposition of milk.
LAIT DE TERRE, Magnesire earbonas — Z.
de Vfiche, Milk of the cow — /. Vinjiiud, Virgin's
milk.
LAITEUX, Lactic,
LAITERON DOUX, Sonchus oleracens.
LAIT! AT, (F.) Sour whey, in which different
wild fruits have been macerated. Said to be much
used in the .Jura as a refreshing drink.
LAITUE ORDINAIRE. Lettuce—?. Smivarje,
Lactnca scariola — /. Scan'nle, Lactuca scariola
— /. Vireiiie, Lactuca virosa.
LA'ITY, La'ici ; from Xnof, 'the people.' For-
merly, and generally at the present day, the
people as distinguished from the clergy. Fre-
quently, however, employed in the sense of the
people as distinguished from those of the other
learned prufossions. A lai/inaii is one of the laity.
LAKEWEED, Polygonum hydropiper.
LAIiI A, Voice, nrticulateil.
LALLA'TION, Lalla'Ho, Lnmhdaris'mns,
Lnhdacls'miis, Ltd'lnhy speech. Sauvages uses
this term for a vicious pronunciation, in which
the letter L is iuijiroperly doubled, or softened,
or substituted for 11.
LAMAC, Ac!icia> gumnii.
LAMUnAClSMUS. Lnllation.
LAMP>nOir), Latididold'al. Lamdni'des, Lamh-
do'dcs, L<tmlidii)'detis, from the Greek letter A,
XiJM/3i'ii, and nAoj, 'shape,' 'resemblance.' Ana-
tomists have given the name LAMnnorn.M, Sttiire,
Sutu'rti Laiiibduida'lis seu lambdo'iilea seu lamb-
dnidea seu PidrcF, to the suture', formed hj' the
parietal bones atid the occipital, because it re-
sembles the letter A, lamhda, of the Greeks. It
is the Occipito-part'etal suture. Suture occijjtliilr,
(Ch.) In this suture, the ossa Wonniana are
most frequently met with ; and the denticulatious
are most <listinctly marked.
LAM HE A U, Flap.
LAMBITIVUM, Eclectos.
LAMI5KILL, Kalmia latifolia.
LAMBKILLER, Andromeda mariana.
LAME, Lamina — /. Cornee, Taenia semicircu-
laris — l. Hiii/seliieiiiie, lluyschiana tunica.
LAJIELLA, Lamina — 1. Plana, Planum os.
LAMEL'LAR, Lamello'stis, Lam'inated, (F.)
Lamellettx, Laiiiineiir, composed of thin laminre
or leaves — as the IjiimelUir ox lamiitated tisnue ;
i. e. the areolar ti'sstte.
LAM EL LEUX, Lamellar.
LAMENESS, Claudication.
LAMIER, Lamium album.
LAM'INA, LaweVla, (F.) Lame. A thin, flat
part of a bone, a plate or table, as the cribriform
lamina or plate of the ethmoid bone. Lamhtn
and Lamella are generally used synonymously;
although the latter is properly a diminutive of
the former.
Lamiva Ciliaris, Ciliary zone.
Lam'ina Cinkr'ra. a thin layer of gray sub-
stance, which fortns the anterior part of the infe-
rior boundary of the third ventricle of the brain.
Lam'ina Cou'mka, Toi'nia Tari'ni. A yellow-
ish band or a thickening of the lining membrane
of the ventricle, by which the vena corporis
striati is overlaid in the lateral ventricle of the
brain.
Lamina CniBROSA, Cribriform lamella — 1. Cri-
brosa ossis ethmoi'iiei, see Crible — I. Fusca, see
Sderotic^l. Medullaris triangularis cerebri, Lyra
— 1. Papyracea, Planum os — 1. Perforata anterior,
Locus perforatus anticus — 1. Perforata posterior,
see Tarini pons.
LAJriNA Peritonei Externa. The outer la-
mina or fold of the peritonaeum.
Lamina Prima 'Cutis. Epiilermis.
Lamina Si'ira'lis, Septtim sealtB sen coch'lecs
aiidito'rt'cB. A partition between the scaliB of
the cochlea. The largest part of this, next the
modiolus, is formed of bone. The remainder, or
that part next the opposite side of the scalae, is
composed of a cartilaginous membrane, called, by
Valsalva, Zona seu Zn'ntila Uoch'lecp.. By some
anatomists, the lamina is divided into a Zo«i%
os'sea and Z. tttnllis. By others, it is considered
to consist of four lamin.c, when examined with a
strong glass: a Zona os'sea, next to the modiolus
— a Zona coria'cea, on the outer side of this : a
Zona vesictda'ris — and a Zona memhrana'cea,
which is, perhaps, the lining membrane of the
cochlea. At the apex of the cochlea, the lamina
spiralis terminates by a pointed hook-shaped pro
cess, ham'tdns lam'ino', spira'lis.
Lamina of a Vertebra, see Vertebra.
Lam'IN.T; DoRSA'LES, Dorsal lamina:. TwO
oval masses on each side of the primitive groove
of the embryo, which approach so as to form a
groove, in which are lodged the future brain and
spinal marrow.
Lamin.e Si>ongios.t; Nasi, Turbinated bones.
Lam'in.k Ventra'i.es, L. riscera'les. Thick-
ened prolongations of the serous layer of the ger-
minal membrane, which, by their union, form the
anterior wall of the trunk of the new being.
LAMIXA'RIA DIGITA'TA, Tangle. One of
the Algfe eaten in Scotland, and hawked about
the streets with the Pepper-dulse.
The leaf of a se.a-weed — a species of Lami-
naria — is employed in the Himalayas under the
LAMINATED
526
LAPIDILLUM
nnmft of (joitrc leaf; so called because chewed by
t!ic inhal)itiint?, where goitre prevails.
LAMINATED, Lamellar.
LAMINhWX, Lamellar.
LA'MIUM ALBUM, L./olio'sum, Urti'camnr'.
tnn, Gdleop'nis ArvIiiDujel'ica, Dead or White
Arch'mvjcl Nettle, (F.) Ortie blanche ou mnrte,
(S.) I)ai/iiettle, Lamier. Ord. Labiatae. Infu-
sions of this plant have been recommended in
uterine hemorrhage, and leueorrhoea. It is not
used.
L.v'mium Ampt.exicau'le, Dead Nettle, Henbit ;
naturalized; flowering from May to October j is
regarded as tonic, diaphoretic, and laxative.
Lamium Foi.iosum, L. album — 1. Moiitanum,
Melittis raelissophyllum — 1. Plinii, Melittis melis-
sophyllum — 1. Rubrurn, Galeopsis.
LAMOTTE, MINERAL WATERS OF. These
thermal springs are in the department of Is&re,
France. Temperature, 184°.
LAMPOURDE, Xanthium.
LAMPROPIIO'NUS, from Aa/iipot, 'clear,' and
^Ki/17, ' voice.' One who has a clear voice.
LAMPSANA, Lnpsana.
LAMPYRIS NOCTILUCA. Cicindela.
LANA PHILOSOPHORUM, Zinci oxydum.
LANARIA, Saponaria, Verbascum nigrum.
LANCE BE MA URICEA U, ( F. ) An instru-
ment invented by Mauriceau for perforating the
head of the fnetus. A perforator.
LANCELET, Lancet.
LANCEOLA, Lancet.
LANCET, Lance'ola, Lnneet'tn, Schaete'rion,
Scnlpiim chinir'gicum, Lance'let, (Prov.) Fame,
(F.) Lnncette, — diminutive of /(Tnce<7, 'a lance.'
A surgical instrument, used in the operation of
phlebotomy. It is composed of two parts, the
liandle, (F.) Cltnfme, and the blade, (F.) Lame.
The former is made of two small plates of ivory,
bone, or shell, movable on the blade for whose
preservation they are intended. The blade is
formed of well-polished steel. Lancets are made
of different shapes; some being broad-shouldered
— others, upear-polnted. The French distin-
guished three kinds: 1. Laucetfe d (/rain d'orije,
which, on account of the almost oval shape of its
point, makes a large opening. 2. The L. d lan-
<jite de serpent, which is very narrow towards the
point; and, 3. L. d i/rain d'avoine, which holds a
medium station between the two former, and is
generally preferred.
The AhKcess Lancet is merely a large lancet for
the purpose of opening abscesses.
The employment of a lancet, for opening ab-
scesses, &c., is called Lanciuy.
LANC^7^TA. Lancet.
LANCETTE. Lancet.
LANtJETTIER, (F.) A lancet-case.
LANCfNANT, Lancinating.
LAN'CINATINli, Litn'chiann, from landnare,
lanchiatnm {laiicea, ' a lance,'), ' to strike or
thrust through.' (F.) Lancinaut, (substantive,
JElancement.) A species of pain, which consists
in lancinations or shootings, similar to those that
would be produced by the introduction of a sharp
instrument into the suffering part. It is espe-
cially in cancer that this kind of pain is felt.
L.\NCING, see Lancet— 1. the Gums, De-
ehaiisspiiient.
LAND'S END, CLIMATE OP. The climate
of the Land's End, in England, resembles that
of the south of Devonshire, but is more relaxing.
It is considered to be most likely to prove bene-
ficial in consumptive cases, in which the disease
is accompanied by an irritated state of the pul-
monary mucous membrane, producing a dry
cough. Where the system is relaxed, and the
secretion from the lungs considerable, the climate,
it is conceived, will generally prove injurious.
As a brumal retreat, the southern coast of De-
vonshire would seem to be preferable to it.
LANGEAC, MINERAL WATERS OF. Aci-
dulous, mineral waters at Langeac, in the de-
partment of Ilaute-Loire, France. They are em-
ployed as refrigerant, aperient, and diuretic.
They contain carbonic acid, carbonates of soda
and magnesia, and a little iron.
LANtiDEBEF, Anchusa officinialis. .
LANGKNSCIIWALRACII. Schwalbach
LAN'GII AQUA EPILEP'TICA, Kpilcp'tic
Water of Lani/his, formerly employed against
epilepsy. It was composed of the flowers of cmi-
vallaria and lavender, Spaniah wine, cinnamon
nntmrg, mistletoe, penny and dittany roots, long
pepper, cnht-hs, and rosemary flowers.
LANGUE, Tongue — I. Abaissenr de la, Qlos-
soeatochus — I. de Carpe, Fish-tongue, see Lever
— I. de Ccrf, Asplenium seoloperinilum — I, de
Cheval, Ruscus hypoglossum — I. de CIn'en, Oyno-
glossum — /. de Serpent, Ophioglossum vulgatuiii.
LANG U EUR, Languor.
LANtiUOR, Aph'esis, Faintness, (F.) Lnngnciir.
A species of atony, depression, or debility, which
generally conies on slowly.
LANtiWORT, Veratrum album.
LANK, Inguen.
LAN'TANA, Sage Tree, Blueberry, (F.) CaiU
lean. The leaves of this indigenous plant form
a fine-scented tea, like L. Camara or Itahnnia
Tea, and L. Pseudothe'a or Brazil Tea. The tua
is used as a diaphoretic.
LANU'GO, Pili cutis, Pluma, from htna, 'wool.'
The soft, fine hair on dilferent parts of the body,
especially of the young.
Lanugo Piuma, Geneias — 1. Pudendorum,
Pubes — I. Sili(iu8B hirsutae, see Dolichos pruriens.
LANUVIUM. Vulva.
LAON'ICA CURA'TIO seu CURA, from Uou
'the people.' A popular mode of treating the
gout in the middle ages, which consisted in the
employment of local applications, proper for
evacuating the morbific matter. [?]
LAOS, Tin.
LAPACTICUS, Cathartic, Laxative.
LAPARA, Abdomen, Flanks, Lumbi.
LAPARENTEROTOMIA, Laparo enterotomy.
LAPAROCE'LE, from Xairapa, 'the luinhar
region,' and Kt)\r), 'rupture.' Lnmbnr Hernia,
through a separation of the fibres of the quadra-
tus lumborum, and a protrusion of the aponeu-
rosis of the transverse muscle on the outside of
the mass common to the sacro-lumbalis and lon-
gissimus dorsi. — Cloquet.
LAPAROGYSTOTOMIA, see Lithotomy.
LAPARO-ELYTROTOMIA, Cesarean section.
LAPARO-ENTEROT'OMY, Lap' aro- enter,,,
tom'ia, Ijajjarenterotom' ia, from \aTtaj>a, 'the lum-
bar region,' the 'abdomen,' ti/rt/zoi-, 'intestine,'
and T0fi)7, 'incision.' The operation of opening
the abdomen and intestinal canal, for the removal
of disease.
LAPAROSCOPIA, Abdominoscopia.
LAPAROTOMY. Gastrotomy, especially when
executed in the lumbar region. See Gastrotomy.
LAPATIIOS, Rnmex acutus — 1. Aquaticiim,
Rumex bydroiapathum — 1. Chinense. Rheum —
1. Orientale, Rheum — 1. Sanguineuin, Rumex
sanguineus — 1. Unetuosum, Chenopodium bonus
Ilenricus.
LAPATHUM, Rumex acutus— 1. Acutum, P.u-
mex acutus — 1. Ilortense. Rumex j)atientia — I.
Pratense, Rumex acetosus — 1. Scutatum, Rumex
scutatus — 1. Sylvestre, Rumez acutus, R. obtu-
sifolius.
LAPAXIS, Evacuation.
LAPE, Mucus.
LAPIDIL'LUM, from lapis, ' a stone.' Blasios
LAPILLATIO
527
LARYNGEAL
has piven this name to a kind of scoop, used for
cxtraitin<; stone from the bladder.
LAPILLATIO, Lithia.
LAl'ILLI GLANDULiE PINEALIS, see Pi-
neal ulanil.
LAPIL'LUS, diminutive of hipin, 'a stone.' A
small stone; gravel; a grain of sand.
LAPIS, Calculus — 1. Accipitrum, Ilieracites
— 1. AcTosus, Calamina — 1. Aninioniaei, see Am-
moniac gum — 1. Animalis, Blood — 1. Arnienius,
Melochites — 1. Aureus, Urine — 1. Bezoardicus,
Bezoar — 1. Cseruleus, Cupri sulphas — 1. Calaiiii-
naris, Calamina — 1. Carneolus, Cornelian — 1.
Causticus, Potassa cum calce, Potassa fusa — 1.
CoUyiDUS, jEtites — 1. Contrayervae, Pulvis con-
traycrvae coinpositus — 1. Cyanus, L. lazuli.
Laims Divi'nus, L. Ophthal'mioisscu OphthnV-
micim Sti. Ivesii. Cuprum ohimina'tum, (F.) Pier-
re dir'me,{Ciipr{ siilplint., Ahuiiin., PutdHH. nilrrit.
aa 5J- Melt together, atlding at the end Cam-
pin, r. ,!5Jss.) Employed to make an eye-water,
gij ad (KjiKB ^iv.
Laims Fui^mineits, Ceraunion — 1. Hematites,
Haematites — 1. Ileracleus, Alagnet — 1. Infernalis,
Argenti nitras — 1. Infernalis alkalinus, Potassa
fusa — 1. Infernalis sive septicus, Potassa cum
calce — 1. Judaicus, Juda!us (lapis).
Lapis Lazu'li, L. Ci/'auns, Asulci. Lnz'ulitc.
(F.) I'ierre d'aznr, Oiitremer. A stone, of a,
beautiful blue colour; opake ; and close-grained:
fracture, dull. It is composed of sile.x ; alumina ;
carbonate and sulphate of lime; oxide of iron,
and water. It was formerly looked ui)on as a
purgative and emetic, and given in epilepsy.
Laims Mai.ucensis, Bezoard of the Indian
porcupine — 1. Nauticus, Magnet — 1. Ophthalmi-
cus, L. Divinus — 1. Ophthalmicus St. Ivesii, L.
Divinus — 1. Phoenicites, Judajus (lapis) — 1. Por-
cinus, Bezoard of the Indian porcupine — 1. Pru-
nellas, Potassse nitras fusus sulpbatis paucillo
inixtus — 1. Sardius, Cornelian — 1. Septicus,
Causticum commune, Potassa fusa — 1. Specula-
ris, S. liiciduin — 1. Syderitis, Magnet — 1. Syri-
(icus, Judi«us (lapis) — 1. Vini, Potassae supertar-
tras iinpurus.
LAPPA, Arctium lappa, Galium aparine, Lip-
pitudo — 1. Minor, Xantbium.
LAPPULA IIEPATICA, Agrimony.
LAP'SANA, Lamp' sunn, Na'piiim, Papilla' -
ri» herba, Dock-crensen, hippie- Wort, (So.) Bol-
gnn leaves, (F.) Laiiipuniie, Herbe aiix Afamellea.
This plant is a lactescent bitter. It has been
chiefly employed, however, as an external appli-
cation to sore nipples, itc.
LAPSUS PILORUM, Alopecia.
LAQ, Laqueus.
LAQUE. Lacca.
LAQUEAR. Lacunar.
LA'giiEAR Vaoi'n'.f,, Fundus Vaffince {Inquertr,
'the inward roof of a house'). The part of the
vagina in which the cervix uteri terminates.
L.VQUEUS, Fiiiiii. A cord, ligature or ban-
dage, with running knots; — a A'oose, a loop. A
Jillet, lirorhns, Parli'etox. (F.) L'lC. Laq OU Lac<].
The term is applied to a bandage or fillet of any
kind, attached by means of a loop upon any
part, with the view of fixing it; as in certain
cases of labour, where a ham! or foot presents;
or to facilitate extension in luxations and frac-
tures.
Also: — A prominent band in the brain, Leni-
nii'cHs, behind the brachium posterius of the
corpora quadrigeniina, which marks the course
of the superior division of the fasciculus olivaris.
LAQi'Kirs (Jitt'tiikis, ' Noosc of the throat.'
Violent inflammation of the tonsils, in which the
patient appears as if suffocated by a noose. Ac-
cording to some, gangrenous cynanche.
LARCH, Pinus larix.
LAPiD, Adep.s.
LAli DACE, Lardaceous.
LARDA'CEOUS, Lardit'ceus, Lar'tleut, Lnrd'-
iforiii. Lard ifor' ruin, (F.) I^ardaci ; from larditxn,
' lard,' the fat of bacon. An epithet given to
certain organic alterations in the textures, whose
aspect and consistence resemble lard. (F.) Tinxus
lardacex. They constitute what has been termed
the Larda'ceons or Chol'eateritie Diseafe. From
their waxy appearance the pathological condition
has been called Cero'nia.
LARDEUS, Lardaceous.
LARDIFORM, Lardaceous.
LARDUM, Adeps.
LARGE. Broad.
LARIDUM, Adeps.
LARIX. Pinus iarix — 1. Communis, Pinus
larix — 1. Decidua, Pinus Iarix — 1. Europaea, Pi-
nus Iarix — I. Pyramidiilis, Pinns larix.
LARKSPUR, BRANCHING, Delphinium con-
solida.
LARME, Tear.
LARMOIEMENT. Epiphora.
LAROCHE POSAY, MINERAL WATERS
OF. Simple suphurous waters in the depart-
ment of Vienne. France.
LAR'REA MEXICA'NA,Z.^/»</»o'»,im, Crc'.
aeote plnut. Order, Zygophyllaceic. A shrub,
growing in Arkansas, Southern Texas, New Mexi-
co, and Northern Mexico, which abounds in a
strong-scented resinous matter: and is used, ex-
ternally and internally, in rheumatism, and in
sj'philitic, and other yiains.
LARVA, Mask. Also the larve, r/rub. or Tcr-
miforin condition of an insect: the first change
it experiences after leaving the ovum. Larves
of insects are occasional!}' developed in the in-
testinal canal from ova swallowed. See Ectozoa.
LARVE, Mask.
LARVE, M^asked.
, LAR YNGE, Laryngeal.
LARYNGE'AL, LaryiKje'un, (F.) LaryngS,
Laripajien. Same etymon as Larynx. That
which belongs to the larynx.
Lary.vgkal Arteries are given off from the
thyroid arteries.
Laryxreai. Nerves, (F.) Nerfs Larynges,
are two in nuinlier: — a superior and an inferior.
The superior lari/ni/eal nerve is given ofl" from
the trunk of the pneumogastrie, at the upper
and deep part of the neck. It passes downwards
and inwards, behind the internal carotid artery,
and divides into two secondary branches ; the
one, external, which distributes its filaments, on
the outside of the larynx, to the sterno-thyroid,
hyo-thyroid, constrictor inferior, crico-th3'roid
muscles, Ac. The other, the internal, which
crosses the thyro-hyoid membrane, and gives
filaments to the epiglottis, the mucous mem-
branes of the pharynx and larynx, to the aryte-
noid gland, the arytenoid and crico-thyroid mus-
cles, and ultimately anastomoses with the inferior
laryngeal nerve. The inferior larynt/eal nerves
or reeur'renta, A^ervi rerersi'vi, Eameaux Tra-
elieaux (Chans.,) arise from the trunk of the
pneumogastrie within the thorax. They ascend
in the furrow, which separates the trachea from
the cesophasrus. to be distributed on the neck,
after having been reflected ; — the left ar<mnd the
arch of the aorta: the right, around the corre-
sponding subclavian. They send off filaments
to the cardiac plexuses; to the parietes of the
oesophairus, and trachea ; to the thyroid gland ;
to the inferior constrictor of the pharynx : the
posterior and lateral crico-arytenoid and thyro-
arytenoid muscles: and to the mucous membrane
of the pharynx and larj'nx.
Laryxgeal Piituisis, Phthisis, laryngeal.
LARYNGECIIE
528
LARYNX
Laryngeal Potchks. Small cK/x-f/e-sfrcwliieh
lead from the anterior part of c:u-h vent^-icle of
the larynx upwards, for the space of half an inch,
between the superior ligaments on the inner side,
and the thyroid cartilage on the outer, reaching
as high as the upper border of that cartilage at
the siiles of the epiglottis. Numerous small glands
open into them.
Laryngkal Sound, Laryngeche.
Laryngeal Veins open into the internal jugu-
lar. Winslow gives the name laryngeal to the
auperinr thi/roiii aiteii/.
Laryngeal Voice, see Voice.
LARYNGE'CHE, from larynx, and nxv, or
jjyo;, ' sound.' The Ittrynrjeid «oi(»rf heard by the
stethoscope during breathing and speaking.
LARYNGEMPilRAX'IS, from larynx, and
eiKfipa^ts, 'obstruction.' Obstruction of the larynx
from any cause.
LARYNGIE.y, Laryngeal.
LARYNGISM'US, from larynx. Spasm of
glottis, giving occasion to contraction or closure
of the opening.
LARYNGISMUS STRIDULUS, Asthma thy-
micum.
LARYXGITE, Laryngitis— ?. jI/k^xcksc, La-
ryngitis (?im|)le) — /. (Edemateitse, Qidema of the
glottis — I. (EdemateuKe et sern-piirulente, Qidema
of the glottis — I. avec Production de Ftiusaes
tnembranes, Cynanche trachealis — I. Psendo-mem-
braneuxe, Cynanche trachealis — I. avec Secretion
de Pus, Phthisis laryngea — I. Sui-rjlottique,
G3dema of the glottis — /. Striduhuse, Asthma
thymicum — I. Suua-muqueuse, ffidema of the
glottis.
LARYNGITIS, from larynx, and itix, a suffix
denoting inflammation ; Injlamma'tio Laryn'r/ia,
CynancJie seu Aiuji'na loryn<ji-'a, (F.) Larynijite,
Catarrhe liiryngien, Ain/iiie hiryni/e, Injlaiiiina-
tion of the Larynx. This disease, in some mea-
sure, resembles croup; but is usually devoid of
that peculiar sonorous inspiration, which attends
the latter. There is, also, pain upon pressing
the larynx ; and, whilst laryngitis is a disease of
more advanced life, croup attacks children. The
membraniform exudation is, also, absent; pro-
bably, because the inflammation, being seated
above the glottis, the coagulable lymph is readily
expectorated. It requires the most active treat-
ment.
Simple Laryngitis is called by some mncons
Laryni/itis, Laryngitis acu'ta seu mnco'sa acuta,
(F.) Larynrjite niuqiteuse, to distinguish it from
sabmucouH Laryn</iti8 or ffidema of the glottis.
Chronic Laryngitis is generally regarded as
synonymous witli laryngeal phthisis; but it may
exist independently.
Laryngitis Acuta, Laryngitis — 1. Chronic,
see Phthisis Laryngea — 1. Exsudativa, Cynanche
trachealis — I. Membranacea, Cynanche trachealis
— 1. Mucosa acuta, Laryngitis — 1. Mucous, Laryn-
gitis (simple) — 1. ffiiiematous, Q5denia of the glot-
tis— 1. Polyposa, Cynanche trachealis — 1. Seropu-
rulenta, (Edema of the glottis — 1. Submucous,
Qildcma of the glottis — 1. et Tracheitis chronica,
see Phthisis laryngea — 1. et Tracheitis infantilis,
Cj'nanche trachealis.
LARYNGOCACE, Cynanche trachealis.
LARYNtJO-CATAR'RIIUS, Catarrhns Laryn-
geus et trachea'lis. Catarrh affecting the larynx
and trachea more especially, as indicated by al-
teration of the voice — hoarseness — itching and
sensation of burning in those parts ; short cough
and expectoration, &c.
L A R Y N G 0 - E T-T R A C H E 0-PIITIIISIS,
Phthisis laryngea.
LARYN(iOG'RAPUY.iarj/j?f/o(/)Y(';j7()"a;frnm
larynx, and ypaipri, 'a description.' An anatomi-
cal description of the larynx.
LARYNGOL'OGY, from larynx, and Uyof,
'treatise.' A treatise on the larynx.
LARYNGOPARALYSIS, see" Aphonia.
LARYNGOPII'ONY, Laryngopho'nia, Tra.
clieopli'ony, Larynije'al voice, 'J'raihial viire ;
from larynx, and (pwvji, ' voice.' The sound heard
in health, wlien the stethoscope is )ilaeed over
the larynx or trachea at the time a persim speak.'*.
The voice appears to pass immediately up to tlio
ear of the auscultator. A similar jihysical si^n
exists when there is a cavity in the lungs, and
the instrument is placed over it whilst the patient
speaks. See Pectoriloquy.
LARYNGOPHTHISLS, Phthisis laryngea.
LARYNGOSPASMUS. Asthma thyinii-iim.
LARYN(iOSTASlS, Cynanche trachealis.
LARYNGOSTENO'SIS, from larynx, and
arcvwais, 'contraction.' Contraction or narrow-
ness of the larynx.
LARYNGOT'OMY, Laryngotom'in, from
larynx, and Ttjivciv, 'to cut.' A surgical opera-
tion, which consists in opening the larynx, either
to extract a foreign body, or to remedy an ob-
struction of the glottis. The operation is, some-
times, erroneously called Bronchutomy, and Tra-
chetonn/.
LARYNGO-TRACIIEITIS. Cynanche tr.i-
chealis — 1. Tracheitis with Diphtheritic exuda-
tion. Cynanche trachealis.
LAR'Y'NX.(gen.//r/»7y»r/)'«,) 'Sapvy^.'yiipvyyos, Ca-
put seu Oper'cnhnn seu Init"inni seu L'iiiin stipe'-
rior sen Ter'niinns superior seu Pais prima im'-
percF, arte'rim. The apparatus of voice is situate
at the superior and anterior part of the neck ; and
at the top of the trachea, with which it communi-
cates. It is composed of four cartilages, — the
thyroid, cricoid, and two arytenoid ; is moved
by a number of muscles, and lined by a mucous
membrane, having certain membranous reflec-
tions, constituting the superior ligaments of the
glottis, &o.
PATtTS COMPOSING THE LaRVNX.
f Thyroid.
, ~ ., I Cricoid.
1. Cartilages -j ^^^ arytenoid.
Epiglottis
f Sterno-thyroid.
I Constrictors of the
Extrinsic, ^ pharynx.
I All the nuipoles of
[ the hyoiil region.
f Crico-lhyoid.
I Crico-arytenoid,pos-
I terior.
Intrinsic, i Cryco-arytenoid, liv-
I teral.
I Thyroarytenoid.
[ Arytenoid.
Ifitseous Membrane.
r Epiglottic.
Glands \ Arytenoid,
( Thyroid.
Hfembranes •!
2. Muscles. ■
Thyro-hyoid.
Cricothyroid.
6. Ligaments.
f Cric
iThy
-arytenoid,
yro-arytenoid.
The vessels and nerves of the larynx arc called
Laryngeid.
The' larynx is destined to give passage to the
air. in the act of respiration, and to impress op'in
it certain modifications, which con.-titute voii^".
Its dimensions vary in diflTerent indivi.hials. In
men, it is always larger, and situate lower, than
in women.
Larynx, Pellicitlar or Plastic Inflasiha-
TION OF THE, Cynanche trachealis.
LASANUM
529
LAUROSE
LAS'ANUM, Sella familiar' !ca, (F.) Cliaine
litn;e.c. A close stool.
LASGIVIA, Satyriasis.
LASCIVITAS, Satyriasis.
LASCIVUS, Libidinous.
LASER, Laserpitiuiu — I. H Larrjes fenillea,
Liiferpitiiiin latit'oliutn.
LASI'UIPIT"IUM, Laser, Sil'pliium, o-rros (tjX-
^lov. A term applied, anciently, both t» a plant
and its juice, rej^arding the nature of neither of
which we possess any precise information. Bent-
ley, Laurence, Gcoffroi, <fec., regard it to have
been the same as asafoetida: — Theophrastus,
Dioscorides, and the ancient scholiast of Aristo-
phanes, however, by assigning a sweet and .agree-
able flavour to the laserpitium, discountenance
the idea. From whatever plant obtained, it was
so rare, and consequently so costly, that the
Romans deposited it in the public treasury. It
was obtained from Gyrene — Snccus Gyrena'icus —
and likewise from Persia — the latter being the
most valuable. The Laserpitium is called by
Avicenna, Altihit.
L.vsKitPiTiUM AsPERUM, L. latifolium.
Laserpitium Latifo'mum, L. nn'perum, Gen-
tin' na a/hd, White Gentinn, Oerva' ria alba ; (F.)
Later a lari/es fcnilles. The root of this plant is
bitter and tonic.
Laskkpitium Montanitm, L. siler.
L/VSHRPlTiUM SlLBK, L. trifoUa' turn seu inon-
tn'innn, Ses'eli, Scuelis, Siler iiioittn'iiiim seu laii-
ci/o'liiim, Jleart-wort, Serinounlain. The seeds
and roots are possessed of aromatic properties.
Laskiipituim Trifoliatiim, L. siler.
LASSITUDE OCULAIUE, Copyopia.
LASSITUDO, Copos.
LAST, Iiiguen.
LATENS IN ORE, Pterygoideus internum.
LATKXT, Latens, from latere, 'to lie hid.'
'Lying hid,' 'concealed.' An epithet applied to
certain diseases or states of disease, in whic^h the
symptoms are so concealed and obscure, morbi
occul'ti, as to escape the observation of the phy-
sician. Thus, we say latent injlammation, latent
period of umall-pox,
LAT'KKAD, from latuR, latcrin, 'the side.' A
term used ndverbially by Dr. Barclay to signify
'towards the lateral aspect.'
LATERAL ASPECT, see MesiaL
hKTV,\ilT'lQ\]S,J.aterit"inx,Laterie"ius,(F.)
Briqitete, from later. Inter in, 'a brick.' An epi-
thet applied to the brick-like sediment, occasion-
ally de|)osited in the urine of people aiBicted
with fever: Sedimen'tum uri'iim lateric"iuin ; —
(F.) Uriue hriiinete.
LAT'EROFLEX'ION, Lat'eroflex'io. A bend-
ing to one side, — as of the uterus.
L A rEltO-VERSlO X, Lal'ero-ver'sio. A
turning; or version to one side, — as of the uterus.
LATESCENTIS CHORDAE (Musculus), Pal-
maris Inngus.
LATEX NIVEUS, Milk.
LATIIYRIS, Euphorbia lathyris.
LATIH'ULUM, from laten, 'I lie hid.' The
foi/er of a febrile poison ; whence it spreads to
every part to induce a paroxysm. See Clapier.
LAT'ICA. Same etymon. Amphimer'ina lat'-
ica of Sauvages. A species of quotidian remit-
tent, whose paroxysms are very long, and which
is accompanied with latent or slightly developed
fever, whence its name.
LATICES LACTEI, Receptaculum chyli.
LATLSSIMUS COLLI, Platysma myoides.
Latis'simus Dorsj, (superlative of latns,
'broad.') Aniacalp'tor, Brachinm movens quartus,
(F.) Limiho-humeral (Ch.), Domi-lomhn-sacro-hn- i
mf.ral, Mnnele grand dorsal, -V. trln large d\i don. |
A flat m\iscle; broad, especially below ; thin ; quad-
rilateral ; and situate at the posterior, lateral, and I
inferior region of the trunk. It is attached to
the posterior half of the outer lip of the crest of
the ilium ; to the posterior surface of the sacrum :
to the spinous processes of the six or seven last
dorsal vertebra;, to all those of the loins, and to
the last four false ribs, and is inserted by a strong
tendon at the posterior edge of the bicipital
groove of the humerus. Its upper fibres are
almost horizontal; the middle very long and
oblique upwards and outwards; and the anterior
almost vertical. This muscle carries the arm
backwards, depressing it, and making it turn on
its axis. It also draws backwards and down-
wards the prominence of the shoulder. When,
suspended by an arm, we make an effort to raise
ourselves, it draws the trunk towards the arn).
It can, also, raise the ribs by assuming its fixi'd
point on the humerus, and become an inspiratory
muscle.
LATITUDO humeri. Scapula.
LATTICE WORK, Cancelli.
LATUS, Broad — 1. Ani, Levator ani.
LAU, see Spirit.
LAUCA'NIA, Lenca'nia, Lnu'rhane. The
fauces and oesophagus. Also, the chin. — Gor-
rseus.
LAUCIIANE, Laucania.
LAUD'ANUM or LAUDA'NUM. Perhaps,
from ?«»«, laudia, 'praise;' lauda'tnin, 'praiseil.'
i Every preparation of opium, solid or liquid, but
more particularly the extract and tincture, and
especially the latter.
Laupanum Abba'tis Rousseau, Guttce Albati^
linnsseait, Vinum opia'tum fermentati<i'ne para'-
tiim, Abbe liounscan'H DropH. [Mel. Narbunucnn.,
^^xij; aqn(B ca/idcB, Oiij. Set in a warm place,
and, as soon as the mixture ferments, add opium,
,^iv, dissolved in ivatcr, f^x'j- I-^et it ferment
for a month, and evaporate to f,^x: strain, and
add rectified spirit of winr, f^^ivss.
Laudanum, Ford's, Vinum opii — 1. Liquid.
Tinotura opii — 1. Liquidum Iloffmanni, Vinum
opii — 1. Liquidum Sydenhami, Vinum opii — 1.
Opiatuin, Extractuin opii — 1. Simplex, Extractum
opii — 1. Sydenham's, Vinum o])ii.
LAU(jllI, Risus — 1. Sardonic, Canine laugh.
LAlMilllNO. Risiis.
LAlKillTER, Risus.
LAUREL, Kalniia latifolia, Magnolia macro-
phylla — 1. Broad-leaved, Kalmia latifolia — 1.
Cherry, Prunus lauro-cerasus — 1. Common, Pru-
nus lauro-cerasus — 1. Dwarf, Kalmia angustifolia
— 1. Great, Rhododendrcm maximum — 1. Ground,
Epigpea repens — 1. ^Mountain, Kiilmia latifolia.
Rhododendron — 1. Narrow-leaved, Kalmia an-
gustifolia — 1. Pale, Kalmia glauca — 1. Poison,
Prunus hiuro-cerasus — 1. Rose, Kalmia latifolia
— I. Sheep, Kalmia angustifolia — 1. Swamp, Kal-
mia glauca — 1. Sweet, Illieium Fioridannm — 1.
Water, see Prunus lauro-cerasus — 1. White, Mag-
nolia glauca.
LAURENT, SAINT, MINERAL WATERS
OF. A thermal spring, five leagues from Joyeuse
in France. Temp. 127° Fahr.
LAUREN'TIA PINNATIF'IDA, Pepper,
duhe. One of the Algne, eaten in Scotland, and
hawked about the streets of Edinburgh along
with Lamina'ria dii/ita'ta or Tangle.
LAUREOLA, Daphne laureola.
LAURIER, Laurus — /. Alexandrin.Jiu^cns
hypoglossutn — I. Amandier, Prunus lauro-cerasus
— /. d'Apollon, Laurus — I. Cerine, Prunus Inuro-
cerasus — /. de Oei/loti, Laurus cinnamomum — /.
Commnu, Laurus — /. des Cuisines. Laurus — /. dea
^[ontagnen, Kalmia latifolia — I. Nrjble, Laurus —
I. Rone, Nerium oleander — /. de Trehisonde, Pru-
nus lauro-cerasus.
LAURO-CERASUS, Prunus Liuro-cerasus.
LAUROSE, Nerium oleander.
LAURUS
530
L A X A T 0 R
LAURUS, LaiiniH noh'ilis, Duph'ite, Sweet Bay.
X<tt. Oiil. LauriU-cae. (F.) Lmirlcr, L. tiuMc on
(/e« citiniiies oil vnnimun ou iV ApuUtni. Tlio U'iives
!uid berries, Laiirm (Ph. L.)- have a sweet, fra-
jrriint smell, and an aromatic, astringent taste.
Sweet bay has been aiiviseil as a stomachic and
carminative, but is now rarely used. It is, some-
times, employed as a fomentation and in glys-
ti-rs; and the berries are an ingredient in the
Eiiiphmlr u 111 Cii III ill i.
Lavhvs aestivalis. L. benzoin — l.Alexandrina
angiistif'olia, Riiscus hypoglossum.
Lai'RUS Bkn'zoin, Benzoin udorifernm, Lau-
riii Psi/iiflo-beiizoiii seu (Bstirn'liH, Spice tviod,
Sjiice himh, lieiijumin hush, AUspice hiinh, Wihl
(illipire, Spiee, berry, Ferer tcood, Fever hiiili.
An indigenous shrub, growing in moist, shady
I'laces, in all parts of the United States; flower-
iiig early in spring. All parts of the shrub have
a spicy, agreeable flavour, which is strongest in
the bark and berries. An infusion or decoction
oF the small branches is used in popular practice as
a vermifuge, and an agreeable drink in low fevers.
The bark has been used in intcrmittents ; the
berries, dried and powdered, for allspice. The
oil of the berries is used as an excitant.
Laurus Camphora, see Camphor — 1. Canella,
L. Cassia.
Lauhus Cas'sia, L. CnneVla, Per'sea cnnfiia.
The species of laurus which yields the Ca'uia,
Ccix'sia, Citiiel'la, Citnnia lii/'iiea seu ciininiiio'inea,
C. liijiicii jlliildhar'ica, Cortex Canel'lce Miila-
hnr'ir(B, Cortex cras'sior, Xi/h-cansia, Canel'la.
J/altiburiea et Javen'sia, C. Cnbn'un, Arbor Jii-
dn't'ca, C'liieUif'era ^fiilahar'ica, CiiiiKtmo'niitm
Maldbiir'ieiiin seu Tii'diviim seu Siiieii'se, Cali-
liiiv'liii Cdiiel'la, Wi/d Ciiinitnion, Miilohiir Ciii-
viiinoii, C'lUKi'i, (F.) Cdiiiielle de Mahihar ou de
Java ou de Ui Chine ou des hides ou de Coronian-
del, C/'iiiHse, C. mntte, Ciisse en hois ou aromn-
ti'/iie. The bark and leaves abound with the
flnvour of cinnamon, for which they may be sub-
stituted ; but they are much weaker. The un-
opened flower-buds are used in the same manner.
Aqua Cassi.*:, Water of Cassia, prepared by distil-
latitm, is officinal in the Edinburgh Pliarmaoopocia.
Laurus Cimnamomoides, Nectandra cinnamo-
Dioides.
Laurus Cinnamo'mum, Perse'a cinnnmo'mvm,
Ciiiii'imii'mnni, C. Zeylan' icinn, Darse'ni, Dnrsi'iii,
Cinnanion, Xylo-cinniitiiomnm. Ciinrdo Canel'la,
(Sc.) Cannel, (F.) Ciinnel/c, Baiime de Cannelle,
Crninel/e ojlciiia/e ou de Ceylon. Cinnanion
Lark, which is obtained, also, from the Ciiniamo'-
vuim aromat' icnm, is stimulant and carminative,
and is employed, chiefly, as a grateful aromatic,
to cover the taste of nauseous remedies. Dose,
gr. X to 3j. The Floioers, called Cassia Flares in
the shops, possess aromatic and astringent virtues,
and may bo used wherever cinnamon is rciiuired.
The volatile oil of the bark — O'leniit Cininnno'ini
■ — 0(7 of Cinnamon, is officinal in the I'harm. U. S.
Lm'hus Cubkba, Piper cubeba — 1. Culilaban,
L. Culiliiwan.
Laurus Cuml'awan, L. Cnlil'ahan seu Cary-
ophyl'liis, Cinnanio' iniiui CiililaiDan. The tree that
atfords the Cortex Culilaioan seu Cidilahan, Cit-
lilfiipan, Ciditlawaji. Cortex caryophylloi'des seu
Caryophy/io'ides Aniboiiien'sis. This hark resem-
bles tlie sassafras in appearance and properties,
and is used in Java as a condiment.
Lviiiius MaIjAbathrum, see Malabathrum —
]. Noi)ilis. Laurus — 1. Persea, Persea gratissima^
1. Pseudobenzoin, L. Benzoin.
Laurus Sas'saKRAS, Perse'a sas'safrns. Sas-
safras, Corniis mas odora'fa, Anhuiha, Aijne-free,
Aijne-tree, (F.) Pavanne. Indigenous in the
United States. Sassafras wood and root, and
especially the bark of the root. Sassafras Radi'-
c»» Cortex (Ph. U. 6.), have been coasidered
stimulant, sudorific, and diuretic. The virtues de-
I)eiid u|ion essential iiW, Olenni Sassafras, lliiMnlnur
of which is not unlike that of fennel. It has been
used in cutaneous diseases, chronic rhcunialisin.Ae.
The pith of the steins, Sassafras mediil'la (l>h.
U. S.), abounds in gummy matter, which it leii-
dily imparls to water, forming a limpid innciljiire
which is much employed as a collyrium in m>\\.
thaltnia,and as a drink in dysentery, catarrh, ,te.
(one drachm of the pith to a pint of l)oiling water)
LAUTIS'SIMA VINA. (Superlative of /„»/»»[
'elegant.') Wines were formerly so called, which
were strongly impregnated with mvrrh.
LAVAMKNTIIM, Clyster, i^neina.
LAVAN D F, Lavendula — I. de Jller, Staliee
limoniuni — /. Trisle, Statice limonium.
LAVAX'DULA, Laven'dida, {mm lam, 'I
wash ;' so called from being used in baths. Lamn'.
dtila spica (Linnicus) seu ani/nstifo'lin .«eu offiei.
na'lis seu vera. Common Lavender, (F.) Larniiile,
Ord. Labiatic. The odour of lavender flowers,
Lavanil' nia (Ph. U. S.), is fragrant and agreeable;
taste warm and bitterish — depending u|ion an es-
sential oil. It has been used as !i stimulant; parti-
cularly in the form of the oil, — O'lenm lavaii'diilcB.
The dried leaves have been employed as an
errhine.
The French use, also, Lavandula SirecHAs,
Stwehas et Stichns Arab'iva, French Lavembr,
of which they have a compound syrup, Syr'upnt
de sttv'ihadi compos' it iis : given as a pectoral.
Lavankula Latifolia, Lavandula.
Lavandula Spica (Linnaeus), L. Lntifti'lia
Spica, French Lav'ender, (F.) Lavinide, Aspic,
Spic, yields the Oil of Spile, O'lenm spita, (F.)
f/nile d' Aspic ou de Spic, which is used to make
varnishes. an<I as a liniment in paralysis.
LAVEMENT, Clyster, Enema — /. Antispat-
tnodiijiie, Enema foetidum.
L A V E iN D E R, CO M M 0 N, Lavendula — 1.
French, Lavandula spica — 1. Sea, Statice liuio-
niuin, Statice Caroliniana.
LAVENDULA, Lavandula.
LAVER, Ulva latissiina — 1. Broad green, Ulva
latissiina — 1. (lermanicum, Veronica beccabunf;ii
— 1. Laciniated purple, Ulva uinbilicalis — 1. Odo-
ratum, Sisvmbriuiu nasturtium.
LAVIl'kDIU.M, Pediluvium.
LAW iMKDICINE, Medicine, legal.
LAWSONIA ALBA, L. Inermis.
Lawso'nia Iner'mis, L. alba, Alcnn'a vera pen
Orienta'lis, Cype'rns antiqno'rnm, Liijiis'lriim
jEijyptiacum, Smooth Lawso'nia, {¥.) Jlcnni, Al-
j hanne. An East Indian and African plant, the
root of which is slightly astringent.
In India, the root of the Lav-so'nia spinoia is
em|)loyed in lepra and other cutaneous affections.
Lax, Diarrhoea.
LAXANS. Laxative, Relaxant.
LAX'ATIVE, Laxali'cns, I^axans, Le'iiieiii,
from laxare, laxatnm, 'to loosen;' Jlinnrali'viis,
Soliiti'rits, Alvid'ncns, Jfypochoret'icns, Ifi/)'"-
i/o'yiis, Ifypel'atiis, J/ypocafliar'ticns, Lapnc'liiiii.
A medicine which gently opens the bowels; such
as tamarinds, manna, Ac.
LAXATIVUS INDICUS, Camhogia.
LAXATOR AURIS INTERN US, L. tympani.
Laxator TvmI'ANI, L. 7naJor tym'pani, E^ler'-
nns seu Ante'rior mall'ei, Obli'qvns seu Exienint
aiiris, Laxator amis inter'niis, Enstii'chii mim'-
ciilns, (F.) Anferienr dii martean, Aeonstieo-iiiid-
leen, S/iheiii-saljiinrjo-niallien. A muscle which
arises from the spine of the sphenoid hone and
from the cartilage of the Eustachian tube, and is
inserted, by a tendon, into the apophysis of Rau.
It relaxes the mcmbrana tympani.
Laxa'tor Tvm'i'ani Minor. A very small
muscle which extends from the upper part of
the external auditory canal, and is inserted at
the inferior jjart of the process of the handle uf
LAXITAS
531
LEIMAX
the malleus. Its existence is denied by most
iin;itoiiiists.
LAXITAS, Atony — 1. Alvi, Diarrhoea — 1.
Ingeslorum, Lientery — 1. Intestinorum, Lien-
tory — I. Scroti, Rachosis — 1. Ventriculi, Gas-
terasthenia.
LAX'ITY, Lar'itas, Laxnens. Same etymon.
Condition of a tissue when loose or relaxed ; or
(if one which wants tone. We say laxili/ of fibre,
liixiii) of shin, to express that those parts have
l.i.it foiiie of the tenseness proper to them.
LAYKll, ANIMAL, see Tuclie etubryominire —
]. Mucous, see Tuche embryonnalre — 1. Serous,
see '/'((die embryoniiaire — 1. Vascular, see Tuche
eiiibryoiinaire — 1, Vegetative, see Tache embryon-
' LAYKRS OP THE BLASTODERMA, see
Tmlii'. emhn/ounatre.
LAYMAN, see Laity.
LAZARKT'TO, Lazaret, Lazar-hoiise, from
(I.) hizzvro, 'a leper.' A solitary edifice in most
M'iiporls of magnitude, intended for the disitifec-
U',n of men and goods proceeding from places
where oontiigious di.seases are prevailing.
LAZIILITE, Lapis lazuli.
LEAD, Plumbum— 1. Black, Graphites — 1.
Chloride of, Pluinhi chloridum — 1. Colic, see Co-
lica metallica — I. Iodide of, Plumbi iodiduni — 1.
Nitrate of, Plumbi nitras— 1. Oxyd of, semi-vitri-
licd, Plumbi oxyduiu semivitrcum.
liKAn Paralysis, see Palsy, lead.
Lkai) Poisoning, Moh/bJo'His, MoJyhdon'o-
tim, Utorbiis plumb'eitii, Caeochi/m'ia, 2>liimbea,
{V.) [iitdxiciition satuniiiie. Morbid phenomena
induced by lead received into the system.
Lkai), Rki), Plumbi oxidum rubruin.
Lkai) Riiku'matism, Lead Neural'yia, ArthraV-
ijin of M. Tanquerel. The neuralgic and spas-
iiuidic pains caused by the poison of lead.
Lkad, Subcahbonatb of, Plumbi superacetas
— I. Tannate of, see Tannin.
Lkad Watkr, Liquor Plumbi subacetatis di-
lutus,
Lkad, White. Plumbi subcarbonas.
LEADER, Tendon.
LEADWORT, Plumbago Europa-a.
LEAF, SOUR, Andromeda arl)orea.
LEAM'INGTON, MINERAL WATERS OP.
Pidino waters at Leamington, about two miles
east of Warwick, Engird, which contain chlo-
ride of sodium, sulphate of soda, and chlorides
of cnlcium and magnesium.
LEANNESS, Emaciation,
LEAP, Sax. hlsepan. Saltus, Salif"io, Exal-
tin, (F.) Sdiii ; Bound, Jump, — the act of lea))-
iiig. Muscula.- movement or movements, by which
tlie body is detached from the soil by the forcible
find sudden extension of the lower limbs, previ-
oiislv flexed upon the pelvis.
LEAl'ERY, Lepra.
LEAPING A(JUE. This disease is said by
the Scotch writers to be characterized by in-
creased efficiency, but depraved direction, of the
will, producing an irresistible propensity to dance,
tinulile, and move about in a fantastic manner,
and often with far more than the natural vigour,
.•o'dvity, and precision ! See Mania, dancing.
LEATHER FLOWER, Clematis viorna— 1.
Wood, Direa palustris.
LER'ANON, MINERAL WATERS OF. The
ppring lit Lebanon, 26 miles east of .Albany, New
'Viirk, is a simple thermal; temperature 73° Fahr.
LECANE. Pelvis.
LKCIIE. Phvsician.
LE( lIEXEtON, Torcular HerophilL
LECHEROUS, Liliidinous.
LECIIO, Puerpeni. '
l.llcnoPYRA. Puerperal feyer.
I.ECrniODES, Vitelline.
LECITIIOS, see Ovum.
X/'/ CRAN, Cochlearia armoracia.
LECO, Penis.
LECONTIA VIRGINICA, Peltandra Vir-
ginica.
LECTISTER'NIUM, from lectus, 'a bed,' and
nteriiere, 'to spread.' The arrangement of a bed
so as to adapt it to a particular disease. Also, a
supplication, with the Romans, in times of public
danger, when beds or couches were spread for the
gods, as if they were about to feast, and their
images were taken down from their pedestals and
placed upon these couches around the altars.
The lectisternium w;is first introduced in the time
of a pestilence. — Livy.
LECTUA'LIS, from leciuK, 'a bed.' An epi-
thet applied to a protracted disease.
LECTULUS MEDICATUS, see Fomentation
— 1. Stramineus, Faiion.
LEDE SAW AGE, Ledum sylvestre.
LEDOYEN'S DISINFECTING LIQUID or
FLUID. A solution of nitrate of lead, (Plumb,
iiitrai. 7,] ad a(yi/<B f^ji) "scd as an antiseptic and
antilir(unic.
LEDUM LATIFO'LIUM, Labrador' Tea,
Ord. Ericaceae, grows in damp places, in Canada
and the United States. The leaves have a
pleasant odour and taste, and have been used as
tea. They have also been esteemed pectoral and
tonic.
LKDIiJf Palus'tpk, Bonmari'miH seu AnihoH
sylcex'tris, Marnh Tea, (P.) Lede on Roniariti
8/iuvar/e, Olivier de lioheme. Ant. Ord. Ericineac.
Sex. Si/vt. Deeandria Monogynia. This plant
has a bitter, subasfringent taste, and was formerly
used in Switzerland in place of hops: the virtues
are equivocal. The leaves are chewed by tho
Cree Indians, and ajiplied to burns, which are
said to heal rapidly under their influence. Tlio
cake of chewed leaves is left adhering to the sore
until it falls ofi'. — Sir J. Richardson.
LEE, Feculence, Lixivium, Ley. Lye, Urine.
liEECII, Ilirudo, see Ectozoa, Physician.
LEECIICUAPT. Medicina.
LEEK, Allium porrum.
LEES, SOAP, Liquor potassw.
LEG, (Da. L(b;/,) Crut, Scc/os, Cnevie. The
portion of the lower extremity, which extends
from the knee to the foot. It consists of three
bones. Tibia, Fibula, and Patella, and also of a
great number of muscles, vessels, and nerves.
The ])rojection, formed by the muscles at the bjiek
l>art of the leg, has received the name of Calf of
the le<j. It is the special attribute of man, and
proves that he is destined to be biped.
Ler, Swelled, Phlegmatia dolens — 1. Cochin,
see Elephantiasis.
LEGIT'IMATE, Leffit'tmnn, from lex, leffis.
'law;' Genui'iius, Giie'sion. An epithet applied
to things which are according to rule. A leyiti-
mate child, (P.) Eifant leijitivie, is one conceived
or born during marriage Lef/itiiuate diseases,
(F.) Maladies legitimes, are those which follow a
regular march.
LEfiNA, from Xryvri, ^cyvov, 'a fringed edge,'
'the border of a garment.' The orifice of tho
pudendum muliebre, or of the uterus.
LEGUME. Legumen.
LEGU'MEN. from h,jn, 'I gather,' [?] akin to
Aii^aiui', 'pulse,' (F. ) Leijume, Gousse. So called
beeaiise it is usually gathered by the hand, in-
stead of being reaped. All kinds of pulse, as
peas, beans, <tc., are thus termed.
LEGUMIN, Casein.
LEICMEN. Liehen.
LEIMANTIIIUM VIRGINICUM, Melan-
thium Virginicum.
LEIMAX, Limax.
LEiorus
682
LEPIDIUM
LET'OPUS, Lropva, PlmictiD, Plaufus, Plotus,
from ,\fi«s, 'smooth,' and rruuj, 'a foot.' One who
Is affei-ted with flat-fnolediic^n, sphty-footednesn,
Leiopod'ia, Liopod'ia. One, the soles of whose
feet arc flnt. insteiid of having the concavity which
the_v ooiinnonly present.
LKIOSIS. Comminution.
LEIPII^'MIA, Liphce'nn'a : same etymon as
Leiiilccmos. Poverty or paucity of blood.
I.EIPIIyEMOI. Achroi.
LEIPH/E'iMOS, Liplim'mos, (F.) Leipheme,
from Xttiru, 'I want,' and 'atfia, 'blood.' A word
sometimes used adjectively ; at others, substan-
tively, either for a vicious state of the blood — or
rather for a sort of anremia — or for the patient
who labours under this condition. See Achroi.
LEIPHEME, Leiphaomos.
LKIPO, Lipo.
LEIPODERMTA. Aposthia.
LEIPODEK'MOS, Lipoder'mos, Leipoderm'a-
fiis, from Aeitto), 'I want,' and btjifta, 'skin.' One
who wants a part of his sl<in. It is especially
applied to one who wants the prepuce. See
Apella. and Aposthia.
LEIPOMERIA, Lipomcria,
LEIPOPSYCHIA, Syncope.
LEIPOTHYMIA, Syncope.
LEIPYR'IAS, from AriTrw, 'I want,' and itvp,
'fire,' or 'heat.' A species of continued fever,
referred to by the Greek physicians, in which
there is burning heat of the internal parts and
coldness of the extremities. Avicenna described,
under this name, a kind of hemitrita;a.
LEMA, Chns^ie.
LE.ME, Lippitudo.
LEMITHOCORTON, Corallina Corsieana.
LEMMA, Cortex, Feculence, Furfur, Sedimen-
tuin.
LEMNISCUS, Pessary, Tent. See Laqueus.
LEMON, GROUND, Podoidiyllum montannra
— 1. Juice, see Citrus medica — 1. Juice, artificial,
see Citrus medica — 1. Peel, see Citrus medica —
1. Tree, Citrus medica.
Lf.iion, Wild, Podophyllum montannm.
LEMONADE', LSmo'nn'da, (F.) Limonade,
Citrnininde. Lemon juice diluted with water and
sweetened. See Citrus medica.
Lemonade, Dky, (F.) Ltmonade sh-he. Citric
or tartaric acid reduced to powder and mixed with
sugar. Lemonade poiPiiers may be made as fol-
lows : — Pound ^^jj of citric ncid with a few drops
of essence of lemon- peel and ^j or more of lump
,«iugar. Divide into six papers, each of which will
make a glass of lemonade. See Citric neid.
Liiiiotitide Giizeuse (F.), is an agreeable drink
jirepared by adding syrup of lemons, raspberry,
itc, to water saturated with carbonic acid.
Lemonade, Magnesian, Magnesiae citras.
Lemonade, Nitric. Nitric acid considerably
diluted with water, and sweetened.
Lemonade, sulphuric, and Lemonade, tar-
TAHic, are made with the sulphuric and tartaric
aciils.
LEMOSITAS, CJiassie, Lippitudo.
LENDE, Lumbi.
LENDIS, Lumbi, Nates.
LENIENS, Laxative, Lenitive.
LENIS, Lenitive.
LEN'ITIVE, Leniti'viis, Lenis, Len'ienf, Epia'-
wrt, Jfit' lyniis, from lenio, lenitnm, 'to assuage.'
A medicine, which allays irritation or palliates
disease; also, a laxative medicine. A lenitive
electunry is one that purges gently.
LENOS, Torcular Ilerophili.
LENS, Ervum lens — 1. Crystalline, Crystalline
■ — 1. Esculenta, Ervum lens.
LENTIC'ULA. Dim. of hnn, lentio, 'a lentil.'
A freckle. Also, the eruption of lenticular fever,
fcee Ephelides.
LENTTCULAK GANGLION, Ophthalmic G.
LENTICULA'RES GLAN'DUL.E, Leuiic'.
idnr f/l(iiidK. Mucous follicles, having the chniio
of a lentil, which arc observed especially towards
the base of the tongue.
LENTIGO. Ephelides.
LKNTIL, Ervum lens.
LENTILLE, Ervum lens— 7. Cryg/o/'uie, Crys-
talline—1. Ers, Ervum crvilia,
LENTIS'CINUM VINUM. Wine impreg-
nated with masticb ; from Lentiscua, 'the uiastitli
tree.'
LENTISCUS VULGARIS, Pistacia Icntiscus.
LENTITIA, Lentor.
LENTITIS, Phacitis.
LENTITUDO, Lentor.
LENTOR, Leiitlfin, Leiifitu'do, from IniUifi,
'clanuny.' A viscidity or sizincss of any fluid.
See Gluten.
LENT ROSE, Narcissus pseudonarcissus.
LENUM. Torcular lleropbili.
LEONO'TIS LEONU'RUS. Ord. Labintir,
A South African plant, which has a pcciiliiir
smell and nauseous t;iste, and is said to jiroiluce
narcotic effects if incautiously used. It is em-
ployed in decoction in chronic cutaneous disensc^.
The Hottentots smoke it like tobacco, and take a
decoction of its leaves as a strong cathartic. It
is also given as an emenagogue. In the eastern
districts of the Cape Colony, Lconotin ovn'ln,
(Prov.) Croiopamnej), Hale, is used fur the sauiu
purpose.
Leonotts Ovata, see Leonotis leonurus.
LEONTI'ASIS, Letm'tion, from Xtwv, Xcovto?,
'a. lion.' A name given to lepra of the face, from
some fancied resemblance between the counte-
nance of those labouring under it and that of tlie
lion. To this kind of lepra the epithets le'ouinc
and Ic'mitine have been given.
LEON'TICE TIIALICTROIDES, Caulophyl-
lum thalictro'ides.
LEONTION, Leontiasis.
LEON'TODON TARAX'ACUM, L. offidiiu'le
seu vidi/<t're, Titrax'iieiivi ojfficina'le, Doia Leti'iiln,
Ht'dyp'iiois t<iro.r'(irinii, Viiiia'rin, Caput Moii'it-
chi, Dtru'delioii. Pixx-n-bed, (Prov.) Shitoled,
Piifball, (Sc.) DoftiHouii, (F.) Pimeidit. Lioii-
deiit, Dent de lion, Coni-onne de jVninc, from
Accoi', XinvTo;, ' H lion,' and oSovs, oFiovto;, 'a tooth.'
Order, Compositir. The young leaves are ."ouio-
times eaten as salad. The roots are, also, rojistcil
and used as a substitute for coffee. The root,
Tarax'acum, (Ph. U. S..) is, moreover, reputed
to be aperient and diuretic; hence its vulgar
names. Its efficacy is doubtful.
LEONTOPODIUM, Alchemilla.
LEONU'RUS, from Ximv, 'a lion,' and ov^n, 'a
tail.' Lion'n Toil.
Leonurus Cxwm' ack, Agriprd'mn G(dliK,3far-
ru'hium, Cnrdi'ncn crixjm seu trilohii'tn .«eu riil-
go'ris, Herhd cardlnca seu Potcp. lapl'vo', Mother-
wort, Throatwort, (F.) Agriptnime. Ord. Labiala'.
Its properties are those of a nauseous bitter; and
hence it has been used in hysteria and other ner-
vous affections.
Leonurus Lanatus, Ballota lanata.
LEOPARD'S PANE, ROMAN, Arnica won-
tana, Doronicum pardalianches.
LEPAS, Lcpin, 'Siitai, gcn. 'Kinalni] Actij, gen.
X£x'ii5o?, 'a scale.'
LEPER, see Leprous.
Leper IIospitai-, Lndrerie.
LEPIA CAMPESTRIS, Thlaspi campestrc—
I. Sntiva, Lepidium Iboris.
LEPID'IUM, from Xcttij, Xcni^of, 'a scale;' ?«
called from its supposed usefulness in clean.'in?
the skin from scales and impurities. Pepper-wort.
Ord. Cruciforas.
Lepidium Campestre, Thlaspi campestre.
LEPIDODES
533
LEPTOTRICUUS
Lkpid'h;m Ibb'ris, Ibe'rin, Cardnmnn'tica, Sci-
iil'icfi crenHen. This plant ])ossesscs a warm,
peiu'tratiiig, j)un;;eiit taste, like other cresses,
iiiiil is rcooiumended us an antiscurbutic, antU
fi.'ptic, and sloiniichic.
Lki'Ihium S.vTi'vi'M, Lep'ia anti'oa, Thlaspi
ii'iKtnr'tiniii sen snti'vum, XuHtur'tium horten'ee
s('U Hiili'ciiiii, Gdnlen crenii, Ditlaiider, Green nius-
Inrd, (F.) CresHim aliiiois, Crennon des Jardins.
This plant possesses warm, stimulatinj^ proper-
ties, and is used like the last.
Li-.i'iDiiiM Syn\MATi;M, Cochlearia coronopus.
l,i:?ll)ODHS, Siiiiainous.
LHl'IDOIDES, S(niam.)us.
L H 1* I D 0 S A IICO'MA, Tumor Kqiiamifor'mia
riinio'iiiiK. A Ik'shy tumour, covered with scales:
from XtTTi?, Acirt^oj, 'a scale,' and aapKiujia, 'a
fle-iiiy tumour.' Marcus Aurelius Severinus de-
fcriltes tumours of this kind in the interior of the
ui'iiith.
LKl'lDOSIS, Rrnlv disease.
LKl'IUOSrS ICHTIIYIASIS, Ichthyosis— 1.
Tchtliyiasis cornigera. Horny excrescences — 1.
Lepriasis, Lejjra — 1. Pityriasis, Pityriasis — 1.
Tjoriasis, Psoriasis.
LEPIDOTIS CLAVATA, Lycopodium clava-
tuin.
LEPIRA. Lepra.
LKl'IS. Scale.
Id'IPISMA, S(iuamou? portion.
LEPOllINUM LABIUM, Harelip — 1. Ros-
trum, Harelip.
LEPOllINUS OCULUS, LaKophthalmia.
T,EPO.STEOPH'YTON ; from Xcm, 'a scale,'
oanov, 'a bone,' and cpvrov, 'a plant or growth.'
A tiiin scale of bone, the result of a morbid
growth.
LKl'llA, Lfp'i'rn, from Xc-rrpn?, 'scaly.' Lepi-
(/■I'slx Lrj>ri'(i>ii>i, Lcpro'sis, Lepni'sftdn, Vit!li'<jn,
t.cprn (Ircecn'riim, Ilerpen /i(rj'iira'ceuH drciuii'-
lim, Leproni/, Leap'ert/, (Sc.) Lcpyr, Lipper, (F.)
Li'/ire, Mid Sdint-Miiin, Dartre fiirfaracee ar-
yiiulie. This term has been applied to various
n'Jeefions, very different in character. 1. To tlie
Lcproni/ of the Jeiut, Leitce, Lepi'dn'm's Lepriasis
rn Ilea' ceils, Lepra Jfosa' ica seu Jh'hreeo'ntm, — a
v^iriety of the AljdiuH or Lepra nlphoi'den. The
li'uce was, generally, not scaly, but consisted of
MUdiith, shining patches, on wliich the hair
turned white and silky, and the skin, with the
tnuscular flesh, lost its sensibility. It was in-
curable. 2. To the Elephantiauls or Lepra of the
..•Irofts, see Elephantiasis; and .S. To the Lepra
of the Greeka, which includes all the varieties met
with at the present day. It is characterized by
ccaly patches of different sizes, but havinsj always
nearly a circular form. Bateman and Willan de-
scribe three chief varieties of this lepra.
1. Li'/tnt alphoi'dea, Li'pidi>'n!ii Lepri'nsis nl'-
biiln, A/phtm, Jforphce'n nlhn, Vilili'tfo alphiia,
AI'bnruH (dim, AlbitrcBi, Albaroa, L^pre Scailleiise
iif Alibert, White leproni/. An affection, charac-
tv'iized by wiiite patches, surrounded by a rose-
coloured areola, which appears here and there on
t!ie surface ; de|)ressed in the middle.
2. Lepra nl'grSciins seu melaa seu macido'in
ixi/rii. Villi i'ljn melas seu nigra, Morphce'a seu
Ai'biirits >iii/rn, Melas, Lepido'six lepri'asis ni'-
ri-ifniis, Bliiek leprnsi/ ; in which the scalcs are
livid; the size of half a dollar; and diffused over
the body, but less wiilcly than in the A/phoides.
The French pathologists usually admit three spe-
cies of lepra, to which they give the epithets scahj,
iaqiiamenie,) criistaceoiis, (eriistacee.) and tuber-
cular, (tidiercideiise,) according as the skin may
bo covered with scales, crusts, or tubercles.
3. Lepra vidija'ris, Lepido'sis lepri'axis vulgn'.
ris, Dartre furfitracie arrondie, of Alibert, cha-
racterized as follows: scalcs glabrous, whitish,
size of a crown piece; preceded by smaller red-
dish and glossy elevations of the skin, encircled
by a dry, red, and slightly elevated border; often
confluent; sometimes covering the whole of the
body except the face.
Lepra appears to be endemic in Egypt, iu
Java, and certain parts of Norway and Sweden,
Imperfect and faulty nutriment appears to con-
tribute to its development. The means, best
adapted for its removal, are : — a mild, unirritating
diet, emollient fomentations — sulphureous baths,
fumigations, &c ; but, often, all remedial agents
will be found ineffectual.
Lepka Arabum, Elephantiasis Arnbica — 1. As-
turica, see Pellagra — 1. Borealis, Radzyge — 1.
Fungifera, Framboesia — 1. Gangrenosa, Ngeren-
gere — 1. Graecorum, Lepra— -1. Ilebraeorum, ,«ee
Lepra — 1. Ichthyosis, Ichthyosis — 1. Lombardica,
Pellagra — 1. Maculosa nigra, L. Nigricans — I.
Mediolanensis, Pellagra — 1. Melas, Lepra nigri-
cans— 1. Mercurial, Eczema mercuriale — 1. Mo-
saica, see Lepra — 1. Norvegica, Iladzyge — 1. Squa-
mosa, Impetigo — 1. Taurica, Mai de Crimee.
L E F R E, Lepra — I. des Cussaques, Mai de
Crimee — /. Ecailleuse, Lepra alphoides — I. IIu-
mide, Impetigo.
LEPREUX, Leprous.
LEPRICUS, Leprous.
LEPROSARIUM, Ladreric.
LEPROSERIE, Ladrerie.
LEPROSIS, Lepra.
LEPROSITAS, Lepra.
LEPROSUS, Leprous.
LEPROSY, Lepra — 1. Black, Lepra nigricans
— 1. Norwegian, see Radzyge — 1. White, Lepra
alphoides.
LEP'ROUS, Leprn'sus, Leprot'icics, Lep'ricus,
Lepro'des, (Sc.) Lipper, (F.) Lepreuv, Lxdre,
same etymon. Relating to or resembling or af-
fected with leprosy ; a leper.
LEPSIS, Attack.
LKPTAN'DRA VIRGIN'ICA, reroni'ca seu
Pmdero'ta Vinjin' ica, Ciilver'a phi/sic. Ord, Scro-
phulariaccae. An indigenous phuit, which grows
throughout the United States, and flowers ia
August. The flowers are white, and terminate
the stem in a long spike. A variety with purple
flowers has been described, as
Leptani)U\ Purpu'hea, Physic roof, Black
root, Whorli/wort, Culver's root, Briiitnii rout. Bow-
man root. The root is bitter and nauseous, and
when fresh is emetic and cathartic. In the dried
state it is more uncertain. Dose of the powder,
gr. XX to ^i.
LEPTO, LEPTOS, Atrrof, 'thin,' 'light.'
Hence :
LEPTOCEPHA'LIA, from Aetttoj, 'thin, fine,'
and Ki((<a\,i, 'head.' Monstrosity, in which tho
head is ahnormously small.
LEPTOCHRO"'A, Leptochros, from Aorroj,
'thin, fine,' and pcpua, xf"'"' 'the colour of the
skin : the skin.' Fineness, thinness of skin.
LEPTOCHYM'IA, from Xcrros, 'thin,' and
yviioi, 'a juice.' Morbid thinness of the juices.
LEPTOHYME'NIA, from Xcnros, 'thin,' and
'vjjiriv, ' a membrane.' Thinness, delicacy of mem-
brane.
LEPTOMER'IA. from AtTrroj, 'thin, fine,' and
liefioi, 'a part.' Fineness, delicacy of bodily for-
mation.
LEPTOXTTQUES, Attenuants.
LEPTOPHONIA. Oxyphonia.
LEPTO SPERM UM LEUCADENDRUM,
Melaleuca cajaputi.
LEPTOTHRIX, Leptotrichus.
LEPTOTRICH'IA; same etymon as the next.
Fineness of hair.
LEPTOT'RICUUS, Lejitothrix, from Xturoi,
LErTOTROPHIA
534
LEUCORRIICEA
'fine,' and -JpiJ, Tpi;^oj, 'hair.' One who has fine
hair.
LEPTOTROPH'IA, MU-rotroph'la, Mk-rotra-
pez'iii, fnnii Xmrui, Might,' and TiJOiprj, 'nourish-
ment.' Lii^ht nutrition.
LKPTYXSIS, Einnciation.
LEPTYXTICA, Attenuants.
LEPTYS.MUS, Emaciation.
LKPYR, Lepra.
LRl{K.MA, see Dementia.
LERESIS, see Ueiuentin.
LERUS, Delirium, see Dementia.
LESEOLI MORBUS, leterus.
LESE'OLUS. According to Paracelsus, a per-
fectly transparent salt, which cured jaundice:
hence Leseoli morbus.
LE'SION, La-'Kio, from Jcecfere, JcBinm, 'to in-
jure.' Derangement, disorder; any morbid
change, either in the exereise of functions or in
the texcure of organs. Oiywn'c levion is syno-
nymous with nr/jinn'c diseiise.
Lesion of Continuity, see Continuity, solu-
tion of
LESK, Tngucn.
LESSIVI], Lixivium.
LESSIVE DBS SA VONNIERS, Liquor po-
tassae. Also, a solution of caustic soda in water,
containing about 3 parts of soda to 8 of water.
LESSIVE BE TARTU E, Liquor potassae
subcarbouafis. ■
LETALITAS, Mortality.
LETHALIS. Lethiferous. Mortal.
LETJIALITAS, Mortality.
LETIIAR'GIC, Lethnr'iiicuK, Vetemo'svs. (F.)
Leihnr(jique. Relating to lethargy; aflfeeted with
lethargy.
LETHARGIQUE, Lethargic.
LETII'ARGY, Leth(n-'f,:<i, Leihnr'ijun, Cariin
letharguK, Velc.r'iius, Ohliv'io iiiei-n, from A»)5f/,
' oblivion,' and apyos, ' active.' A constant state
of stupor from wliich it is almost impossible to
arouse the individual ; and, if aroused, he speedily
relapses into his former condition.
LETHEA, Papaver.
LE'TIII'ION, from \ntlri, ■■ oblivion.' A name
,j^ven b}' some to sulphuric ether, when inhaled
as an anaesthetic agent.
LETHIF'EROUS, Le'fhi/er, Lclha'Iis, Lefhlf-
ictis, Mor' lifer, Moitlf'erniix, from \ridt], 'death,'
and (,')£j3u. ' I bear.' Death-bearing; deadly.
LETHU.M, Death.
LETTUCE, Lactuea — 1. P.lue, Mulgedium acu-
minatum— 1. False, Mulgedium Floridauum — 1.
Indian, see Calumba.
Lettitce Opium, see Lactuea.
Lettuce, Stkong-scented, Lactuea virosa — 1.
White, Nabahis albus — 1. Wild, Lactuea elongata.
LETU.M, Death.
LEUCADES. see Sclerotic.
LEUC/E'MLV, LenkfB'inia. Levelicp'min, from
y^tvKoi, 'white,' and 'aifia, 'blood,' (F.) Lencemie.
A condition of the blood in which it is deficient
in colouring matter. See Leucoej'thsemia.
LEUCiETillOPIA, see Albino.
LEUO.ETHrOPS, Albino.
LEUCAXIA. Lauoania.
LEUCANTHEMUM, Anthemis nobilis, Matri-
caria chamomilla — I. Vulgare, Chrysanthemum
leneanthemum.
LEUCE. Lepra (of the Jews.)
LEUCELECTRUM, Succinum (album.)
LEUnihrrE, Leuciemin.
LEUCII.EMrA. Leucamia.
LEUCITTS. Sclerotitis.
LEnCOCYTE. see (Jlobulos of the l)loo<1.
LEUCOCYTIL^'MIA, 'white cell blood,' from
^EU/coy. 'white,' /euro;, 'cell,' and 'nijtn, 'blood.'
A condition of the blood, which consists in a su-
perabundant development of the white corpu.ieles,
a disease which has been observed at times to lie
accompanied by enlargement of the sidion and
liver, anil at others by increased size of tiie lym-
phatic "lands. See Leucivinia.
LEUCODKXDRON, Melaleuca cnjuputi.
LKUCCENUS, see AVine.
LEUCOIUM, Lunaria rediviva — 1. Lutciiiii,
Cheirnnthus cheiri.
LEUCOLACHANUM, Valeriana.
LEUCOLEIN, Loukoleinum.
LEUCO'MA, from Afuicnj, 'white.' OcriWnnn
nibti'yo, LfUfinn'mit, Leiicd'sin, Alhii't/o, Al'lmln,
Ceratohuco' itift, Ephel'ofen. Lenioum and Al-
hiif/i) are often used .synonj-moiisly to denote a
white ojiacitj' of the cornea. Roth are essenliiilly
diff'erent from nebula of the cornea : iiebuhi beiii"
usually the result of chronic ophtlialniy and an
effusion of a milky serum into the texiuro (jf the
delicate continuation of the corgunctiva over Mjo
cornea; — the others are the result of violent,
acute ophthalmia. In this state, a thick, e<i,T;;n.
lable lymph is extravasated from the arterle^l,
sometimes superficially, at other times dcciily
into the substance of the corneii. On other oica-
sions, the disease consists of a tirin, eiilioiis cica-
tri.x on this membrane, — the effect of a wound nr
ulcer with loss of substance. The iilfeclinn is
more difficult of cure in proportion to its dur.'ilinii
and to the age of the individual ; the activity nl'
the absorbents being greater in youth. If inflani-
mation still exist. anti|dilogistics must he perse-
vered in, and, afterwards, gentle stimulants lie
used to excite absorption; along with the in-
ternal use of mercury or iodine.-
Leutosia, Albumen — 1. Gerontotoxon, Gcro-
toxon — 1. Mnrii:aritaceum, see Margaritaccus.
LEUCOMMA. Leucoma.
LEUCOMORTA, Cuttubuth.
LEUCONECRO'SLS from \tvKOi, 'white,' nnd
vtKpuiTi?, ' death.' A form of dry gimgrene, — tbo
opposite in appearance to anthraconecrosis.
LEUCONY.MPILEA, Nvmphsca alba.
LEUCOPATHIA, see Albino, Chlorosis— 1.
Partialis acquisita, Achroma.
LEUrOPIIAGTUM, Blnnc-manger.
LEUCOPIILEGMASIA, Lcucophlegmatia— 1.
Dolens pucrperarum, Phlcgmatia dolcns.
L E U C 0 P II L E GM A'TIA, Lcucopllrgmmh,
Hi/rfropi leitcoplih(jniii'tln, Tumenceii'tiii pi'.iii-
fo'sn, from Atuifof, ' white,' and ij}\iyiia, iphyiiiiTOi,
'phlegm.' A dropsical habit, Hijdrocdchcx'id.
Some writers use the word synonymously with
aiiriKnrcn and ordemn ; others with frnphjuema.
Leucophi.eomatia yETriioptiM, Chthonophagia.
LEUCOPIPER, Piper album.
LEUCOPYRIA, Hectic fever.
LEUCORRHEE, Leucorrhcea.
LEUCORRHffi'A, /7raH«seu Fbior mnHe'hrin.
Prof! It' fill 1)1 muUe'bre, Ciiriua m"tri'ei«, Fhimn
nxttri'cis, Eh/tri'tis, Cideoai'tie, Crdpi'lin, Dantd-
hi'tio n'ten, Fliij-i'o nlbn seu vnl'vfB, Vlcnn ii'tri),
Cntar'rhiis goiitn'lliim, I/i/nteroi-rhce'a muen'mi,
Ciitnme'niii nlba, Menkes albi, ?leu'ttnin (dhn,
Mcnorrhaf/'ia alba. Fluor viidie'bn'H non Gid'h-
CHS, Bleutieli/t'ria, Goiiorrhn-'a beuiy'nn nolhti iii-
vetera'ta, Piiriya'tio iinilie'brls alba, Alba jiimjn-
meii'ta, Cache.r'ia nleri'iin, Rheiima u'leri, V'ten
Cory'za, Medorrlicc'n femhia'rtim hmoiis, Rlf"-
norrhir.'a seu Bleii)iorrhng"iu gexilaUium, yEilim-
blciinorrh(je'a seu Mednbleniinrihrf'a feviiiin'nim ;
The whites; (F.) Fleiirs ou Fliieiirs blauche»,
Pertes blanches, Eionlenient blaiic. C'llarrhe nlf-^
rin. Parte nterhie blanche, from hvKOi. ' wlnto,
and pfw, ' I flow.' A more or less abundant tlis-
charge of a white, yellowish, or greenish iniicn? :
resulting from acute or chronic inflammatinn, or
from irritation of the membrane lining the gemUl
LEUCORRIIOIS
53 5
LEVATOR
orpnn8 of the f<"inale. Vag"in«l Leucon-liorn has I
hecil termed IUe»vnrrh<fa seu Fluor nllniH vagi -
IKT, fjciirorrlKp'a, Mefiorrhve'n vnijiixp, Vfgiui ti",
fjliltrohlfiinorrhfp'ii, Vnlporrhie'ii. — (I'teriiie L''ii-
fiiihifa has received the names Flnar nlhui uteri,
J,fuv<irrh(e'a seu Medorrha'n iilcri, Jlitriihleniior-
rliii'ii, nieininniffri'tiii, MftrdlilinniiZK'iiiid, Metm-
caliir'rhrin, M etroloieorrhre' n, (F.) Lciicorrhrrf iile-
riiip, Ctiltirrhe ulfn'ii. It is often attei'deil with
tiiiin and a scnpe of heaviness in tlic loins, nbdo-
iiu'ii and tliii;hs; disonlered digestive functions,
Ac, so that, at times, the health suffers larjrelj',
altlioujih there are few females who are not oeea-
sionally suhjeot to moderate leueorrhopa. Atten-
tion to the penoral health, elian<re of air, keep-
inir up a ])erspirahle state of the surface hy
fliinnei worn next the skin, the horizontal posture,
Ac., do more than pharmaceutical agents: which
are almost entirely confined to astringent injec-
tions. These may be employed, when the dis-
charge is so great as to require them.
LKiiroRiiHfEA Anai.is, see Ilaemorrhois — 1.
Nahothi, see Parturition.
I,EU('OHRFI0I.S, see Haemorrhois.
LEUCO'SES; from Xcvko?, 'white.' In the
nosology of M. Alibert, all the diseases of the
lymphatic ajiparatus. The 7th family in his A'o-
solngie. In that of Fuchs, it is a family of dis-
eases, (G.) Leukosen, which includes the va-
rious forms of anaemia.
Leucosis, Leucoma, Paleness. See Albino.
LEUK or LOCCIIE, MINERAL WATERS
OF. Saline, chalybeiite waters, about six leasrues
distant from Sion. They contain chloride of so-
dium, with a little sulphate of magnesia: sul-
phate of lime, carbonate of magnesia, carbonic
acid, and protoxide of iron.
I-EUK.'EMrA, Leuciomia.
liEUKOLEIN'UM, Clnnnleiu'um, Le>d-nU
Leii'colrliir, Leii' cohiti, C/i i'liolelti, Chi'»<ilili.
This substance is the product of the dry distilla-
tion of coal; mixed with picolin, anilin and other
substances, in mineral tnr. It is procured, also,
hy heating qidiiia, ciiichiniin and stri/<-Iniin, with
as concentrated a ley of putnssn as can be made.
Its specific gravity is l.OSl ; and it is slightly
soluble in water, and miscible in all proportions
with alcohol, ether and essential oils.
LEV MX. Ferment.
LEVATOR, Elevator.
Leva'tou An'guli Oris, Ahdu'cenn lahio'rvm,
Ehvn'inr Inhinrnm rnmmii'ni'n, Cniii'inm, (Y.)
^iia nuij-lllo-lahial, Petit miK-maj-illn-ln'-iol (Cli.),
Jfuncle cdiiiii. A small, flat, long, quadrilateral
muscle, which arises from the fossa canina, and
is inserted at the commissure of the lips, where
it is confounded with the triangularis. It raises
the corner of the mouth, and draws it towards
the ear.
IjKVATOn Ani, Levator magniia seu interniin,
Lnttm auij Eleva'tor nni, Sedem nttol'leiis, (F.)
J'iiliio-rocrt/(jien nnnulnire. Sous puhio-eocci/gien
(Ch.). Relereiir de Vninii!. A muscle, situate at
the lower part of the pelvis. It is broad, flat,
quadrilateral, and broader above than below. It
represents a kind of membranous partition, which
closes the outlet of the pelvis, and the upper
concavity of which is oppose<i to that of the dia-
phragm. It is attached, above, to the posterior
surface of the body of the pubis, to the upper
part of the obdurator foramen, and to the spine
of the ischium ; and is inserted into the coccyx,
into an aponeurotic line common to it and its
fellow, and into the lateral i>arts of the rectum.
This muscle supports the rectum: raises it, and
carries it upwards during the evacuation of the
excrement. It can, also, compress the bladder
Hnd vesiculae seminalcs. and thus favour the ex-
pulsion of the urine and sperm.
LEVATon Ani PAiivrs, Transversus perinaei —
L Auris, Attollens aurem — 1. C'occygis, Coccy-
geus.
Lkvator Glan'dvl^ THYRoinE^f;. A muscle
occasionally found connected with the uj]pcr bor-
der or isthmus of the thyroid gland ; and attached
superiorly to the body of the os hyoides, or to the
thyroid cartilage.
Lkvator Menti, Levator labii inferioris — 1.
Oculi, Rectus superior oculi — L Proprius sca-
pulir, L. scapulae.
Levator Labii Infehio'ris, Z. men*)", Elevntor
Ifihii i"»/Vc/V/n'« seu Inbii iv/erioria pro'priiiK, Iiici-
si'riinitife'rior, llfiin'cnhifi pe)n'ciI/a'tiie,{F.)Hoiippe
diiniciiloii, Retevi'vr dc In lerre iiiferierirow dii nieii-
tdti. A portion of the meiito-hihial of C'hau.>-sier.
A small muscle situate before the symphysis
menti. It is thick, conical ; and attached by its
apex to a fossette at the side of the symphyses
in the inferior maxillary bone. Its fibres pro-
ceed diverging and vanishing in the manner of a
liift, (F.) lloujipe, on the skin of the chin. This
muscle raises the chin, and jiuslies upwards the
lower lip.
Levator Labii Superio'ijis AT-.i:QrE Nafi.
Tucini'riin Iritcrii'lin et pi/r(niiidfi'liii, (F.) Grand
miH-ninTillo-liihial (Ch.), Ji/friiteiir cniiinnni de
Vnile (1)1 nrz et de la lirre miperieiire. This mu.'-
cle is a fleshy, thin, triangular bundle, situate at
the sides of the nose. It arises from the ascend-
ing process of the superior maxillary bone : thcnc c
its fibres descend in a diverging manner, a part
V)eing inserted into the ala of the nose, and a jiart
losing themselves in the upper lip. This muscle
raises the upper lip and ala nasi, which it draws
a little outwards.
Levator Labii Sfpehioris Prophh'.s, Ifiai'-
C7lliia iiicixl'rvii, Ehvntor Iiihii xnju'rioris jjrti.
prinn, (F.) ;l/o)/f» e„x-mn.rill,>-lahio/. (Ch.), Or-
hito-niaxi/lo-lalii'if. This thin, flat, quadrilateral
muscle is situate at the middle and inner part of
the face. It arises from the os malae and the os
maxillare superius, and is inserted into the upper
lip. which it raises, at the same time carrying it
a little outwards.
Lkvator Pala'ti, L. Palati MaUiK. Petro-
»a!pin'go->itaplii/li'niis, Siilpi)i'go-Ktapln/li'}nis in-
ter'ntin, Salpiiigo-fit(i])ln/litiiiii, Pter'i/go-nliijdiyli-
inm fjternitu, Spheiio-Htnphy/iinix, Spheno-piduti'-
iitin, Perinlnphylinus ititeniiis superior, Petro-ista-
phylin, (Ch.). This muscle is long, narrow, and
almost round above; broader and flatter inte-
riorly. It arises from the lower surface of the
para petroaa ; from the cartilage of the Eusfa-
chian-tube; and is inserted into the substance of
the velum palati. Its use is to raise the velum
palati.
Levator Pat/pebr^ Superio'ris, Pnlpehrm
avperioris prinitis, Aperfor Oc'nii, Ape'rieus Pnl-
pehr<t'r)i7H rectus, J'eclu'sor pnlpehra'riim, (F. )
Oj-hitn- palpebral (Ch.), Orhito-sus-palpelra/,
Elerateiir de la pajipiere snperietire. A long',
small, thin muscle, situate at the upper part of
the orliitar cavity. Ry its posterior extremity it
is inserted into the little ala of the sphenoid bone,
immediately in front of the foramen opticum. ant!,
by its anterior extremity, which is expanded, it
terminates at the tipper margin of the tarsal car-
tilage of the eyelid. This muscle raises the
upper eyelid, draws it backwards, and sinks it
into the orbit.
Levator Pros'tat^, (F.) lielevevr de la proa,
tafe. Santorini has given this name to the ante-
rior fibres of the levator ani, which embrace the
prostate.
Levator ScAp'ri,^, Elera'tor arapvl(p. E. sru
JIftia'cidua Patieti'titr, Avgtda'ria, Ler^ntor pro'pri-
va Rcapiilcp, — (F.) Trachelo-scaptdaire (Ch.), v4ii-
gidaire de I'omoplate, Rclcveur de Vomoplate.
LEVATORES COSTARUM
5 3G
LICHEN
This muscle is so called, because it is attached
til the upper and internal angle of the scapula.
It is situate at the posterior and lateral part of
the neck, and at the upper part of the back. It
is lonp;, tiat, and broader above than below. In
this latter direction, it is inserted into the supe-
rior internal ani^le of the scapula; and, in tlie
former, into the tops of the transverse processes
t.f the first four cervical vertebrae. It de|)resses
tiie prominence of the shoulder, by raising the
).osterior angle of the scapula, on wliich it im-
presses a kind of rotary motion. It can, also,
draw the head to one side.
Levator IIre'thr.«, (F.) ReJcveur de I'Ure-
thre, Santorini describes under this name a
portion of the transversus periniei muscle.
LEVATORES COSTARUM, Supracostales,
LEVEN, Ferment.
LEVER, from levare, 'to lift up.'' Vectis,
MocIi/ks, Porrec'tum. An inflexible rod, turning
round a fixed point, and used for moving bodies,
licaring burdens, or raising them. The point on
which the lever moves is called the Fulcrum, Hy-
pnmiicli'lliin. The force which moves the lever
is called the power ; and the weight to be moved,
the resintaiice. There are three kinds of levers.
A lever of the first kind has the fulcrum between
the power and resistance. A lever of the second
l.-liid has the reslitanve between the fulcrum and
jiower ; whilst a lever of the third klud has the
poirer between the fulcrum and resistance. In
the locomotive system of the human body, we
liave examples of all the three kinds. The bones
represent /e«er«y the muscles of locomotion are
powers; the weight of parts to be moved con-
stitutes the reslstiiuce. The fulcra, are, at times,
the joints; at others, the ground, &c. The head
moves on the neck, as a lever of the first kind;
the first cervical vertebra forming the fulcrum.
We rise on tiptoe by a lever of the second kind,
the fulcrum being the ground under the toes;
and we have examples of a lever of the third
kind in the flexion of the fore-arm on the arm, in
the elevation of the arm. &c.
Leveh, Hystero-morh'llum, dfochlls'cus, Vectis
iiliHtetrlc' Itis, Vectis, (F.) Lecler, is an instrument
curved at the extremity, and having a fenestra.
It is used to assist the extraction of the child's
head, when instrumental aid is necessary. Le-
vers are, also, used by the dentist for extracting
stumps, <fcc. The Lerler de I'Echtse, Laiif/ue de
C!<u-))e, Trivelln or Punch, is employed for ex-
tracting the molar teeth.
LEVI'ATIIAN PENIS, Prin'pus Cetl, Bale'-
iu(s. The penis of the whale. This singular me-
dicine was, at one time, given in powder, in
cases of dysentery and leucorrhcea,
LEVfER, Lever — /. de V Eel use, see Lever.
LEVIGA'TION, Lxevu/a'tio, from Icnvli/are,
Iirrlj/a'tum, {losvia, 'smooth,') 'to polish.' Por-
phyrlzn'tlon. An operation, by which bodies are
reduced to very fine powder. It is performed by
putting substances, already pulverized, into water;
tlie coarser parts are not long in being deposited,
whilst the finer molecules remain suspended in
the water. The liquor is decanted into another
vessel, and sufi'ered to remain at rest, until the
fine particles are collected at the bottom. The
fluid part is then separated by dccantation.
LEVISTICUM, Ligusticum levisticum.
LEVRE, Lip.
LEVRES GR ANDES. Labia pudendi— Z. Pe-
titcs, Nvmphae — I. de la Vulve, Labia pudendi.
LEVrPE, Yest— /. de la Rlere, Yest.
LEXIPIIARMACUS. Alcxipharmic.
LEXIPYRETICUS. Febrifuge.
LEY, Lixivium, Lye — 1. Soap, Liquor potassae.
LEYS'SERA GNAPIIALOI'DES. A South
African plant, Nat. Ord. Compositic, which is
emollient, and highly recommended at the Cape,
in catarrh, cough, and evcu iti phthisis.
LEZARD, Lizard.
LI AN A REOLfSSE, Abrus precatorius.
LIA'TRIS SPICA'TA, Guyfathvr. Jhiiton
snnkeroot. Ord. Composita). An indigenoiia
plant, growing in meadows and moist grounds in
the Middle and Southern States. Its benntiful
purple compound flowers are in a spike. Tlicy
appear in August. The root has been considered
diuretic.
Lia'tris Scario'sa and L. S^rAniio'sA,
Throntwort, Sow-wort, Backache root, Drrllsliile,
Blazing star, Prairie pines, Rouf/h root, are
called from their reputed powers in bites from
the rattlesnake. Rattlesnake's master. The roots,
bruised, arc applied to the wound, and the decoc-
tion, in milk, is given internally.
LIBANOTIS ANNUA, Athamanta cretensis
— 1. Coronaria, Rosmarinus — 1. Cretcnsis, Allm-
manta cretcnsis — 1. Ilirsuta, Athamanta cretensis,
LIBANOTUS, see Juniperus lycia.
LIBANUS, .Juniperus lycia.
LIBER PHARMACEUTICUS, Dispensato-
rium.
LIBIDINIS SEDES, Clitoris.
LIBIDINOSUS, Libidinous.
LIBID'INOUS, LIhldlno'sus, Lasci'vm, Y«.
neriv'agus ; from libido, ' lust,' Lech'erous, Lick'-
orous. Lewd ; lustful.
LIBI'DO. Desire, necessity. Authors speak
of Libido uri'ncB, Libido intestl'ni. Some em-
ploy it synonymously with Prurigo ; others, with
Salao" Itas, Lnbl'do. HI'meros.
LIBOS, from Ati/Su, 'to drop.' A defluxion
from the eyes. — Galen.
LIBRA, Pound.
LICIIANOS, Index, see Digitus.
LICHE, Body. .
LICHEN, )ieixv'' f" ^iX^^> (pronounced ll'kni,)
Exor'mla Ijlehen, I^elcheu, Serpl'f/o, Volnt'lca,
Pap'ulcB, P. slccep, Petl'r/o, PustiilfB sicca"., Sen'-
blca sicca seu a'(/rla, Llehenl'aals adulto'nim,
Li' chenous rash, (F.) Gale seche. Dartre furfnruree
rolaiite, Poussee. The cutaneous affection de-
scribed under this name by the Greek writers, is
not clearly defined. Some have believed it to be
Impetl(/o, but this is doubtful. The name is, now,
generally applied to a diffuse eruption of red
pimples, accompanied by a troublesome sense of
tingling or pricking. Drs. Willan and Bateinnn
define it, — "an extensive eruption of papulae
affecting adults, connected with internal disor-
der, usually terminating in scurf; recurrent, not
contagious." One of their varieties, however,
the Lichen Tropicus, does not accord well with
this definition ; for it affects children as well as
.adults, and is unconnected with internal dis-
order.
LlOHKN A'gRTUS, L. A'f/ria. E.ror'mla Lichen
fcrus. Lichen ferns, Pap'vlii a'ljrla, Wild Lichtti,
is distinguished by pimples in clusters or patches,
surrounded by a red halo ; the cuticle growing
gradually harsh, thickened, and chappy, often
preceded by general irritation. In addition to
antiphlogisties, a cooling ointment may be used,
to allay itching.
Lichen Barbatus Pucatus, L. plicatus.
LiCTEN Circi'mscrip'ti'S is characterized by
clusters or patches of papulae, having a well de-
fined margin, and an irregularly circular fmm:
continuing for six or eitrht weeks. These varietieg
require but little medical treatment. The anti-
phlogistic plan is all that is necessary.
Lichen Fhrus, Lichen agrius.
LiCHR\ Liv'inus. The papubf have a dark
red or livid hue, without any fever. They are
LICHEN PILAHIS
53 7
LIENTERY
more permanent in this variety. It requires the
mineriil aciils and baric.
Liciir.N Pii,a'uis, Exor'mia Lichen pilnrts, is
merely a modifioation of the preceding; the pa-
jmlie iijipearini^ at the roots of the hair.
LiciIKN SfMl'LKX, Ejror'mia Lichen simplex,
ponsists of an eruption of red papuluD, appearing
first on the face or arms, and afterwards extend-
ing over tlie body ; preceded for a few days by
flil^ht febrile irritation, whicli usually ceases when
the eruption ayipoars, — with an unpleasant sense
of tin),'ling during the night. It generally dies
avTiiy in ten days or a fortnight.
LlCllRS Tlloi>'lciiS, Exoniiin Lichen tropicus,
E'zen'mn, En'nerd [?], Sud<tiii'iiin [/], I'riehly
Unit, Slimmer Hunk. The pimples are bright
roil, and of the size of a sin^ll jiin's head ; with
heat, itching, and pricking, as if by needles. It
is local; proiluced by excessive heat; and disap-
pears wlien the weather becomes cooler, or the
individual is inured to the clituate.
LlClIEX Uhtica'tus, L. Uitieo'sm, Exor'mia
Lichen nrtico'nus, is another variety. The Nettle
fjichen consists of papula?, accompanied l).y
wheals liice those of nettle rash. A variety of
this is said to be called, in America, bliyhta.
Lichkx, Wild, Lichen agrius.
LluiIKN Apiithosits, Pelli'den nphtho'sri ; Ord.
Lichcnaceae ; is said to be cathartic and anthel-
uiintic.
Lichen Arboritm, Lichen pulmonarius — \.
Biirbatus plicatus, Liclicn plicatus — I. Blnne de
Neige, L. caninus — /. Bintier, L. pyxidatus.
LiCHBN Canixiis seu spu'riun sea terren'-
trit seu veno'sH8 seu ciner'eiis tevrcs'tris. Ifitsciis
c-iiii'iiim, Phya'cia niva'lin, Peltii/'ern ciiiii'nn,
Pelli'den eani'na SOU leiieorrhi'zn seu mixla'cea
(!eu ampliH'nima seu npu'rin, Aih-colonred Ground
Iiiverwiirt, (F.) Lichen contre-roge, Lichen hinnc
de neiije. This crj'ptogamous plant was, for a
lung time, considered cajiable of preventing and
curing Rahies cnninri. It has, also, been used in
mania and in spasmo<lic asthma.
LiciiKfJ CiNKRKus TKRitKSTUis, L. caninus — 1.
Carrageen, Fucus crispus — 1. Cocciforus, L. pyxi-
datus— /. contre Rnije, L. caninus — I. Entonnoir,
L. pyxidatus — 1. Eryngifolius, L. islandicus — 1.
Floridus hirtus, L. plicatus — 1. Ilirtus, L. pli-
catus.
LlciIKX IsLAN'piCtTS, L. eri/nr/ifo'liun, Liche-
nn'i'den fHlitnd'icnm, Lnhn'riii hian'dica, 3fiiiciis
[•i/niidlcnn seu cdthar' liens, Chtilo'nia seu Phyn'-
cin seu Celra'riii seu Parme'lin hlnn'dica, Ice-
I'lnd Lichen or Liverwort or Moss, (F.) Lichen
d' Inhinde, Mousse marine perlee, Mousse d' Islnnde.
This plant is inodorous, with a bitter and muci-
laginous taste. It is esteemed to bo tonic, demul-
cent, and nutrient. Dose, J^j to ,^iv, being first
steeped in water liolding in solution some car-
hiumte of potassa to extract the bitter, and then
liDJled in niillc. A bitter principle has been ex-
tracted from it. termed Cetrnrin, Cetrnri'num,
Vclrn'rium. which has been given in intermittents.
LirtiKN Laoiniatus, L. saxatilis — L Parietinus,
P irmolia parietina.
LicilRV Plica'tits, Tj. hirtus seu barhn'tug pli-
C'l'luH seu Floridus hirtus, Pnrme'lia plica'tn, Us-
n-'n plic'i'lii, U. Flor'idii hiria seu hiria, Miiscus
iirliii'reiis seu nihus seu quernus, Querci'ni Ilerhit.
This plant is applied, by the Laplanders, as an
n<tring''nt, to l)leeding vessels ; and to parts I
which are excoriated after long journeys.
LloiIKM Pri.MOVA'lill'S, L. nr'liorum sen reli-
eiilii'liis, Pnrnie'lin puhnonn'cen, Iteticnhi'rin o/fi-
fina'lis, .]fuscus puhnouorins qiterci' mis, Pnlmonn'- ,
riix arho'rcn, Loha'rin pulmonnrio, Stirta puimn- 1
n'^'cen, Onk Ijungs, Tree Lungwort, Hnzel Crot-
flct, ffazelraw, (F.) Lichen pidmonnire, Pnlino.
naire en arbre ou de cheite. This plant is sub- !
astringent, and rather acid. It was once in high
repute for curing diseases of the lungs.
LiCFtKN PrxiDA'Ti;.*, MuHcns Pyxida'tus, Sey-
phoph'orus ])yxida'tus, JIfus'culus pyra'i'des ter-
I res'tris, Lichen pyxida'tus major seu cuccij'erus,
Herba Ignis, Cup Moss, (F.) Lichen entonnoir,
Jjichen lioitier, L. Pyxide. This plant is suli-
astringent, and has been used in decoction in
hooping-cough.
LicnK>» IIkticulati's, L. pulmonarius.
Lichen Koccj;i/la, Porme'lia rorcel'la, Roc-
eella, li. lincto'ria, Setn'rin ruccelUi, Litmus,
Lacmus, L. tinclo'rins, Orchill, Cnna'ry Archell,
Ghinney Weed, Herb Arehell, (F.) Orseille. The
chief use of this plant is as a blue dye. It has
been employed to allay cough in phthisis, <fec.
Lichen Saxat'ilis, i. tincto'rius seu laeinia'-
tus, Parme'lin saxal'ilis, Imhn'en'ria snxat'ilit,
Loba'ria saxnt'ilis, Musens Ura'nii huma'ni, Us-
ne'a. This moss, wlien found growing on a human
skull, was formerly in high estimation against
head affections, &c.
Lichen Spukius, L. caninus — \. Stellatus,
Marchantia polymorpha — 1. Tinctorius, L. Saxa-
tilis— I. Wall, yellow, Paruielia parietina.
LICIIENIASIS ADULTOKUM, Lichen — L
Strophulus, Strophulus.
LICHENOIDES ISLANDICUM, Lichen Is-
landicus.
LTCKOROUS. Libidinous.
LICINIUM, Tent.
LICORICE. Glvcyrrhiza.
LICULMEN. Garum.
LIEB'ENSTEIN, MINERAL WATERS OP.
These waters, situated in the duchy of Saxe-Mei
ningcn, are amongst the strongest acidulous cha-
lybeates in Germany. They contain sulphate of
soda, chloride of sodium, sulphate of lime, chlo-
ride of calcium, carbonate of lime, chloride of
magnesium, and carbonate of iron.
LIERERKtiHN'S GLANDS or FOLLICLES,
Gldu'didce seu CryptcB Lieberhiihiiia'ncp, SO called
from their first describer, are fine, capillar}', blind
sacs, the openings of which are from l-20th to
] -,30th of a line in diameter, so closely placed
over the whole of the small intestine as to give
the mucous membrane a general sieve-like or
perforated app'earance. They secrete the aucetta
entericus.
LfEBERSCflE AUSZEHRUNG'S KRAV-
TEN, see Galeopsis grandiflora — 1. Brust-
krauter, see Galeopsis grandiflora.
LIEBWERDA, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Liebwerda is a Bohemian village, near the Sile-
sian frontier. The springs are much frequented.
There are four, all of which are rich in carbonic
acid, and contain but little saline matter.
LIEGE, Suber.
LIEN (F.), Vin'culum. A band, strnp or gar.
ter, used in certain operations; as to tie patients
during the operation of lithotomy ; to fix the ap-
paratus in fracture, Ac. Also, the spleen.
LIEN ACCESSORIUS, Lienculus— 1. Ingens,
Splenoncus — 1. Succenturiatus, Lienculus.
LIEN'CULUS, diminutive of lien, 'spleen,'
Lien succeuturin'tns seu accesso'rius. A super-
nuinerarv spleen.
LIENITIS, Splenitis.
LIENOSUS, Splenic.
LI'ENTERY, Lienter'in, from Xiiof. 'smooth,'
'slippery,' and tiTtpov, 'intestine' Lm'rltas seu
Lnx'itns intcstiiio'rnm, Dinrrhee'n lienter'in,
E/u.rus Lieiiter'ieus, Chymorrhir'a seu Lox'itaa
ingesto'rum, flromnto'ec' crisis. Dinrrhie'a Dyspep'-
tica seu cum Apepslii sen Ingesto'rum, Slip'peri-
nesa of the Guts. Frequent liquid evacuations,
the food only half digested. This condition is
always symptomatic of great irritation in the
LIERRE
538
inte?tinnl oanal, the sensibility of which is so
UHicli aun;meiited that it caunot bear tlie sojourn
of the food in it.
LIERRE, Jledera helix— ^ Grinipniit, Iledcra
helix — /. Terrexlre, Glec-honia hederacea.
LIFE, Sax. lip, liy, Yitu, Bios, Ui'ote, Di'otos,
Zoe, Piieuma, iSjjir'itiis, (¥.) Vie. The state of
organized beings, during which, owing to the
union of an unknown force with matter, they
are capable of performing functions different
from those that regulate otlier natural bodies; all
of which functions, however numerous and diver-
sified, work to one end. Life has only a limited
duration ; beyond which, — the organic functions
ceasing to be executed, — the body is given up to
the agency of chemical aflBnity. Hence Bichat
has defined life to be — the iigyregate of the fiitic-
tioiis vihich rexist death. On account of the dif-
ference that exists among the vital functions, he
applied the term On/miic Life to the functions
inservient to composition and decomposition ; —
as digestion, respiration, circulation, calorifica-
tion, absorption, secretion, and nutrition ; and
Animal Life, to the functions which connect man
and animals with external bodies; as the under-
standing, sensations, locomotion and voice.
Lifk-Blood. a term, commonly used for a
twitching or quivering of the eyelids — a kind of
involuntary or muscular tie. See Cillo.
LiFp;, Duration of, see Longevity.
Life Evkiii-asting, Gnaphalium mnrgarita-
ceuui — 1. Everlasting, jilantain, Antennaria ]>lan-
taginifolia — 1. Everlasting, sweet-scented, Gna-
phalium polycephalum.
]jIfe, Expkctation of, see Longevity.
Lifk-Insci'iianok. A contract enteretl into,
usually by an inininnce compaiii/, to pay a cer-
tain sum of money on a person's death, on the
condition of his paying an annual premium
during his life. The medical practitioner may
be ai)plied to to certify that the life of the insured
is one that is insurable according to the rules of
the company.
Life Root, Senecio aurens.
Life, Value of. see I^ongevity, and Mortality.
Life's Blood, Life-blood, Cillo.
LIG'AMENT. Lif/inneii'tiim ; from lignre. h'gn-
tUDi, 'to bind;' Uesniof!, SjiiileK' iiion, Colliija' men,
C'ip'uht. A name given to fibrous structures,
which serve to unite bones, and to form articula-
tions; hence the division into iuteroxneous and
ortieuhir ligaments. They are of a white, close
texture; are but little extensible, and difficult to
break. The name liyamcnt has, also, been given
to any membranous fold, which retains an organ
in its situation.
Table op the Principal Ligajients.
1. Of Ote Lower Jaw.
2. Connedinri IJin
Hold with the. first
and serimd I't-r/c--
hrr.', and. t/uise witli
each other.
8. Of the other Verle-
hroe.
the
Capsular ligament,
l^uspensory ligament of
stylo-glossus.
Lateral ligament.
Two capsular ligaments between
atlas and lioad.
Circular ligament.
Two capsular between atlas and
axis.
Perpendicular ligament.
Two lateral or moderator liga-
ments.
Transverse ligament and its ap-
pendices.
'Anterior common.
Crucial interverteljral.
Ligaments running from the
edge of the bony arch and spi-
nous process of one vertebra
to that of the next,
j Interspinous ligament.
I Liganipiitum nucha;.
I Intertransverse.
I Capsular.
{_ Posterior or internal common.
4. Of the Jiibs, Ster-
num, (£c.
LIGAMENT
f Capsular of tlie bead of ribs.
Capsular of the tubercles.
Liganienla transversaria in
terna.
Liganieuta transver.saria ex-
terna.
Ligamenta cervicis costarum
externa.
Ligamentous fibres rnnniiif;
from the margins of the ex-
tremities of the ribs to the
onn-csponding cartihiges.
llailiiited liganieut» fnnii carti-
lage of ribs to the slernnni.
Capsular ligaments of the tarli-
lages of the ribs.
Proper membrane of sternum.
L. of cartilag(vensifi>ruiis.
Tendinous expansious over the
intercostales, Ac.
5. Oftherdvis
6. Of the Clavicle..
Two transverse, — one superior,
one inferior.
lli.)-s:icral.
Capsular of the sncro-iliac syn-
dioudnjsis.
Two sacro-iscliiatic, — posterior
and anterior, with the superior
and inferior appendices.
Lnmiitudinal of os coccygis.
Inguinal ligament.
Capsular of symphysis pubis.
Ligament of forauicn Ihyroi-
deum.
f Radiated lig.ament.
Capsular.
Interclavicular.
Ligamentuni rliomboideum.
Claviculo-acromial.
Conoid.
Trapezoid.
7. Of the Scapula /Anterior triangular.
•> ■• j^ Proper posterior.
8. Of the Slioulder- \ „ ,
Joint. I Capsular.
9. Of the Elbovj-Joint.
Capsular.
liracbiii-ulnar.
ISraeliioradial.
Coronary of the radiu,s.
Anterior and posterior acces-
sory.
Intermuscular of the os hu-
[ meri.
10. Ciirpnl Jva-^rcmiXv fl^nterosppons ligament.
of liadius aiidUlna.] Oblique or chorda transversalis
and between thosel cubiti.
ho7ies. I Capsular.
11. Between Fnre-arm
and Wrist.
rCapsular,
-< Two latPi
ral.
(.Mucous.
{Annular.
Capsular.
Short ligament."!. — oblique,
transverse, capsular, aod
projicr.
13. Between Carpal^
and Metacarpal
hones. J
14. Between the extre-
mities of the, Meta--
carpal bones.
15. At the base rif the^
Metacarpal bone of
tlie Tliumh, and at
the first joint of the
Finyers.
16. Of the first and^
second joints of tlie
Tliumh, and second
and third joints of
the. Fingers. j
Articular lateral.
Straight, perpendicular, &c.
'Interosseous, at the bases and
heads, — dorsal, lateral, pal-
. mar.
Capsular.
Lateral.
Capsular.
LateraL
■ Annular.
Vaginal or flexor tendons.
Tfetctining the Vaginal or crucial of the phv
Tendons of the langes.
Muscles of the TTand ■{ Accessory of the flexor teur
ayid Fingers in I dons,
situ. Posterior annular.
I Vaginal of extensors.
L Transverse of uxtensorB.
LIGAMENT
53 9
LIGHT
19. OftlM Knw-Jmnt.
20. Cbimedinp Fibula
and Tibia.
21. Connecting
Tarsal with
Leg Bones.
22. Of the Tarsus..
f CHpsular .ind iircpssorv slips.
18. nrnnerMnij t}w Os I liouiul or tents liir^miiMit.
Femaris viilli lite Os\ Cartilaiiinnus li;;iiiiient.
innominaluni. Double cartiliijiinous ligament.
[ I-it;amouta mucosa,
f Lateral, — internal and exter-
nal.
External short lateral liga-
ment.
Posterior lipimcnt.
liixament of the patella.
(Capsular.
Liframeritum alare, — majus et
minus.
liiL'ainentnm mnnnsum.
Two erucial, — anterior and pos-
terior.
[Transverse.
' Capsular.
Interosseous.
Anterior superior.
Posterior superior.
Anterior liirament of the fibula.
I'osterior of filmla.
Deltoides of tibia.
^Capsular,
f f'ai.sular.
.'^hort ligaments.
Capsular, lirciail superior, and
lateral lii;aments, connecting
astragalus and naviculare.
Superior, lateral, and inferior,
fixing OR calcis to os cuboides.
Long, obliijue, and rhomboid,
forming the inferior liga-
ments.
Superior superficial, interosse-
ous and inferior transverse
ligaments, fixing the os navi-
culare and OS cuboides.
Superior lateral, and plantar,
which fix the os naviculare
and cuneiform.
Superior superficial and plan-
tar, connectiniT the os cu-
boides, and OS cuneiforme ex-
ternum.
Dorsal and plantar, uniting the
o«sa cuneiformia.
The proper capsular of each
[ bone.
23. Beiwem Tawus /Capsular , , . , ,
and Metatarsus. i I*orsal, j.Iantar, lateral, straight,
(. obli([Uc. and transverse.
1 Dorsal, plantar, and lateral,
connecting the metatarsal
bones.
Transverse ligaments.
25. Of the Phalanges ( CapmUr.
of the Toes. { Lateral.
.\nnular.
Vaginal of the tendons of the
peronei.
Laciniated.
Vaginal of the tendon of the
flexor longus pollicis.
Vaginal and crucial ot the ten-
dons of the flexors of the
toes.
Accessory of the flexor tendons
of the toes.
Tran.sverse of the extensor ten-
dons.
Ligament, anteuioh, of the Bladder. A
name given by the older anatomists to a por-
tion of the superior pelvic aponeurosis, which
becomes attached to the front of the neck of the
bhiddcr.
LfOA.VEXT ARTERTEL, Arterial ligament
—1. Camper's, Perineal fascia— 1. Cervical supra-
spinal, see Suprasiiinosa ligamenta — /. Ciliaiie,
Ciliiiry ligament.
Ligament, Coit'oNAnr, of the Livkr, is a re-
flection formed by the peritoneum, between the
posterior margin of the liver, and the lower sur-
face of the diaphragm. See Falx.
Lfgamext, CosTO-xitnoin, Xiphoid ligament
— /. Dcntcle, Denticulatuui iigamentum — /. Den-
ticuU, Denticulatum Iigamentum — 1. Dorso-
2C. Hdnining \
Tewl(,ns of i
Jiiisch-s of the Foot '
and Toes in situ.
lumbo-supraspinal, see Supra-spinosa ligamenta
— 1. of Fallopius, Crural arch — 1. Gimbernat's,
see Gimhernnt's ligament — 1. Glossepiglottic, see
Glossepiglottic— 1. Infra-pubian, Triangular liga-
ment— /. Iiiterepineiijc, Interspinal ligament — 1.
of the Ovary, see Ovarium — 1. Palmar inferior,
Metacarpal ligament — 1. Poupart's, Crural arch
— I. liond, Teres Iigamentum — I. Sur-epim-n.i: i-er-
vicdl, see Supra-spinosa ligamenta — /. Sur-ej)!-
neux-dorsii-loiiihai re, see Supra-spinosa ligamenta
— 1. Suspensory, of the liver, see Suspensory — 1.
Triangular, Perineal fascia.
LIGAMENTA ALARIA, Odontoid ligaments
— 1. Apicum, see Interspinal ligament — 1. Coli-
see Colon — 1. Interloliularia pulmonum. Interlo-
bular tissue — 1. Intervertebralia, Intervertebral
cartilages — 1. Lata uteri, see Uterus — 1. Man-
charti. Odontoid ligaments — 1. Rotunda uteri,
Round ligaments of the uterus — 1. larsea lata,
see Tarsea lata (ligamenta).
LIGAMENTE'UX, Ligamentous.
LTGAMENTOSUS, Ligamentous.
LIGAMEN'TOUS, Lignmento'sus, Bcxviovx,
DeHnui'suH, (F.) Liyamenteujr, I)e«riicux. Having
the character of, or relating to, a ligament.
LIGAMENTS, BROAD', OF THE UTERUS,
see Uterus — I. Croises, Crucial ligaments— /. 6V»-
cifarmen, Crucial ligaments — I. Jannen, Yellow
ligaments — /. Largcs de F uterus, see Uterus — 1.
of the Laryn.x, inferior, Thyreo-arytenoid liga-
ments— I. lionds de ruterim, Round ligaments of
the uterus.
LIG AMENTUM, Ligament — 1. Arteriosum,
see Arterial duct — 1. Capsulare, Capsular ligament
—1. Ciliare, Ciliary ligament— 1. Conoides, Conoid
ligament — 1. Dentatura, Denticulatum ligamcn-
tum— 1. Fallopii, Crural arch — 1. Iridis,"Ciliary
ligament — 1. Latum, Suspensory ligament of tlie
liver — -1. Membranaceum, Glosso-epiglottic liga-
ment— 1. Nuchae, Cervical ligament — 1. Posticuui
Winslowii, see Genu — 1. Suspensorium dentis,
see Odontoid ligaments — 1. Suspensorium hepatis,
Suspensory ligament of the liver — 1. Susiicnso-
rium testis, Gubernaculum testis — 1. Teres, Teres
Iigamentum — 1. Trajiezoides, Trapezoid ligament
— 1. Triangulare, Triansjular ligament.
LIGATE, see Ligature.
LIGATIO, Fascia, Ligature — 1. Linguae, Apho-
nia.
LIGATION, see Ligature.
LIGATURA, Ligature, Fascia — 1. Glandis,
Phimosis.
LIG'ATURE, Ligntn'rn, Lign'tio, Alligatii'rii,
Deh'ga'tio, Viiictii'ra, Fascia, Epid'esis. This
word has various acceptations. It means, 1. Tiie
thread with which an artery or vein is tied, ti)
prevent or arrest hemorrhage. 2. The cord, or
thread, or wire, used for removing tumours, <ic.
3. The bandage used for phlebotimiy. Liijatnre
is, also, sometimes applied to the act of tying an
artery or considerable vessel— Lii/n'tioii, and oc-
casionally we meet with the terms to h'tjitlitre and
to h'gnte, used unnecessarily in this sense, in place
of to take up or tie a vessel. When the arterv
alone is tied, the ligature is said to be immediute ;
when any of the surrounding parts are included,
it is said to be mediate. The ligature occasions
obliteration or adhesion of the arterial parietes,
by cutting through the mid<]Ie and internal coats ;
the adhesion being favoured by the formation of
a coagulum, which acts, in some degree, as a
barrier against the impulse of the blood, and sub-
sequently disappears bj' absorption.
LIGHT, Sax. leohr, Hhc, (G.) Licht, Li<t
Lumen, PhoH, (P.) Lnmiere. An e.xtremely raro
fluid; diffused over the universe ; emanating from
the sun and fixed stars; traversing more than
four millions of leagues in a minute; passing
through transparent bodies, which refract it ac-
LIGHTNING
510
LIMATIO
cording to their density and combustibility; and
arrested by opake bodies, by which it is reflected
at an angle equal to the angle of incidence. It,
is the cause of colour in all bodies, being entirely
reflected by white surfaces and absorbeii by black.
It is decomposed in passing through a transpa-
rent prism into seven rays — red, orange, yellow,
gieen. blue, purple, and violet.
I.ight acts upon the body as a gentle and salu-
tary stimulus. It urges to exercise, whilst jiri-
vation of it induces sleep and inactivity, and dis-
ju.ses to obesity. Hence it is, that, in rural eco-
nomy, animals which are undergoing the process
of fattening are kept in obscurity. When vege-
tables are deprived of light, their nutrition is in-
terfered with, and they becouw etiolated. To a
certain extent this applies to animals, and there
is every reason to believe, that want of light pre-
vents the due development of organized bodies.
It has been found that, when tadpoles were de-
]irived of light, they did not undergo the perfect
metamorphosis into the frog, but that monstrosi-
ties from arrest of development were induced.
LIGHTNING, Astrape.
LIGHTS, Pulmo — 1. Rising of the, Cynanche
trachealis.
LIGNE, Line — /. Apre, Linea aspera — /.
lUintche, Linea alba — I. Coiirbe, Curved line — L
Medidne de I'ohdomen, Linea alba — I. Sous-tro-
cltinitf'n'eiine, Linea aspera,
LIG'NEOUS, Llyiio'miK, (F.) Lignenx. Woody.
Having the character or appearance of wood ; as
• Ligfie'oiis Scirrhus,' or S. of the mamma, which
has for its principal characteristics, hardness, the
i'lextensibility of wood, and no defined limits. —
Velpeau. A form of this, in plates, or diffused
over the mammary integuments, is termed, by
JI. Velpeau, Sqnirre e>i citirn«ne.
LIGNIN, from ligniun, 'wood.' Ligneous or
woody fibre ; the fibrous structure of vegetable
substances.
LIGNUM ALOES, Agalloehum— 1. Aspalathi,
Agalloehum — 1. Benedictum, Guaiacum — 1. Brasi-
liiinum rubrum, Ilaematoxylon campechianum —
\. Cajruleum, Ilaematoxylon cami)echianum — 1.
Campechense, Hfematoxylon campechianum — 1.
Campechianum, Haematoxylon campechianum —
1. Campescanum, Ilaematoxylon campechianum —
1. Colubrinum, see Stryclinos — 1. Febrifugum,
Q'lassia — 1. Hrematoxyli, Ilaematoxylon campe-
chianum— 1. Indicuin, Guaiacum, IIae/,'iatoxylon
campechianum — 1. Infelix, Sambucus — 1 Nephri-
ti<'um, Guilandina Moringa (the wood) — 1. Pava-
ri;e, Croton tiglium — 1. Quassias, see Quassia — 1.
Sanctum, Guaiacum — 1. Sandalinum, see Ptero-
carpus santalinus — 1. Sappan, Ilipmatoxylon cam-
pechianum— 1. Serpentuin, Ophioxylum serpenti-
num — 1. Vitae, Guaiacum.
LTGNYODES, Fuliginous.
LIGNYS, Fuligo.
LIG'ULA, Lin'gnia, 'a small tongue, a tongue
of land; the tongue of a shoe.' The clavicle;
also, the glottis and epiglottis. A measure con-
tiiuing 3 drachms and a scruple, or about half
an ounce. Also, a species of bandage or ligature.
— Scribonius.
LIGUSTICUM, L. Levisticum.
LiGllSTlciTM AcTyEiro'LliiM. Thnn'piiim nrt(P.l-
fo'Uuin, Aiigel'i'cii ln'riiln, Ain/f/'icn Nendo, White
roo(, indigenous ; 0;-r/. Umi)elliferae. The root is
aromatic and carminative.
LiGUSTicuM CAPii.LACRtiM, J5thusa meum — 1.
Carvi, Carum — 1. Foeniculum, Anethum.
Ligus'ticiim Lbvis'tioi'm. from KiyvariKoi. ap-
pertaining to Liguria. Lerin'tieiim, Lanerpitinm
German'icHin, Lignsticnm, Augel'ica levin'ticnm
ECU paludfipi/o'lia, Loviige, (F.) Liviche, Ache
cUs montagnes. Ord. Umbelliferae. The pro-
perties of this plant arc said to be stiraulant, car-
minative, emnienagoguc. &c.
LiGUSTicuM Mkum, JEthusa meura — 1. Phellan-
drium, PhcUandrium aquaticum.
LlGI'STICI'M P()l)AGItA'l!IA,/'o(/'f7r«'riVlffi(/r);)o'-
didiii, ^J'Jyupo'diiim scu Siicii jxidtigru' rin, Piin-
2)inel'la nngtlicitfo'lia, i^ium vnlyti'ic, Tragoneli'-
iiiim ungel'iea, Ses'eli asgopo'diuiii, Aiiyel'iat lyl-
ventrin, Gout- weed. A British plant, once con-
sidered useful in cases of gout.
LiGiiSTiui'M SiLAtTS, Poucedanura silaus.
LIGUSTRUM ^GYPTIACUM, Lawsonia in-
ermis.
LiGPs'trum Vulga'ue, Privet, Priry, Prim,
(F.) Tro'ene. Ord. Oleaceac. A shrub, which
grows wild both in Europe and in the United
States, usually in hedges. The leaves are astrin-
gent and bitter; and the flowers, which are snow-
white, and of an agreeable odour, have been cm-
ployed in decoction, in sore throat, and ulcerous
stomatitis. The berries are said to be cathartic.
LIGY8MA. Distortion.
LILAC, COMMON, Syringa vulgaris— 1. Vul-
garis, Syringa vulgaris.
LILI, Lilium Paraeclsi.
LILIA'GO. Dim. of Lil'iiim, the ///;/ ; ,V-
derwort ; Liliaa'truiit. Tliis plant was formeily
said to be alcxipharmic and carminative.
LILIASTUUM, Liliago.
LIL'IUM CAN'DIDUM, L. alhnm, Crwon.
The wliiie lily. (F.) Lis hUiiic. Ord. Liliaceas.
The infusion of the flowers of the lily in olive oil
is emollient, and often applied externally, ujirler
the name of Lily oil, (F.) Ilitile de Hi. The
scales of the bulb, roasted, are sometimes em-
ployed as maturatives.
LiLHiM CoNVAi.LniM, Convallaria maialis.
Lilium Pauacel'si, Tiuctu'm Metcdio'rum,
Lili. A medicine employed by Paracelsus. It
was prepared by melting in a crucible four ounces
of each of the following alloys: Aiitimotiy tnid
iron, antimony and tin, antimony and eoppcr, pre-
viouslj' mixed with eighteen ounces of nitrate of
potassa and as much salt of tartar. The melted
mass, when pulverized, was treated with rectified
alcohol, which really dissolved only the potassa set,
at liberty by the decomposition experienced by
the nitre and salt of tartar. The Lilium Pnracetsi
was used as a cordial. It entered into the com-
position of the theriacal elixir, &c.
LILY, GROUND, Trillium Intifolium— 1. May,
Convallaria maialis — 1. Pond, Nclumbium luteum
— 1. Pond, White, Nymphaa odorata — 1. Pond,
yellow, Nuphar advena — 1. Toad, Nyii)pha?a
odorata — 1. of the Valley, Convallaria maialis — 1.
Water, little, Brasenia hydropeltis — 1. Water,
sweet, Nymphaea odorata — 1. AVater, sweet-
scented, Nympha?a odorata — 1. Water, white, Nym-
phaea alba — 1. Water, yellow, Nymphica lutea — 1.
White. Lilium candidum. Nclumbium luteum.
LIMA, CLIMATE OF. The climate of Peru
does not appear to be favourable to the genera-
tion of consumption : and Lima would seem to
be a good residence for the phthisical valetudina-
rian. Many have been benefited by a residence
there ; but when they have gone farther south, aa
to Chili, the effect, according to Dr. M. Burrough,
has generally been fatal..
LIMA DENTARIA, Sealprum dentarium.
LIMAgiEN (?.), from limnqon. (linnix, limn,
cis, 'the snail,') 'the corlihn of the ear.' A
branch of the acoustic or labyrinthio nerve sent
to the cochlea.
LLUAgOX, Cochlea, Helix pomatia, Limax—
I. liampex dii, see Cochlea.
LIMACUM CORNUA, see Lachrymal puncta.
LIMANCHIA, Abstinence.
LIMA'TIO, from limo, Umatiim, 'to file.' Fi-
ling : an operation employed by the dentist moro
LIMATURA FERRT
541
LINGUAL
espeoially to prevent iininediate contact of the
teeth with each other.
LIMATUKA FKllRI, Ferri Limntura.
L[.M VX, Xtiixii^. Keiitaxoi, I/eli.c, Sliu] or Snriil,
(F.) Liiii<t(}<in, U<>llinn(;<ni, L'xcni-rjot, A syrup has
been prepuruil IVoin these animals, which has been
given in plilhisis, Ac. Tiie raw snails have also
been taken in consumption. They have been
used as food.
LIMR, Membrnm.
LIMI3U.S ALVEOLARIS, Alveolar border—
1. FossiB Ovalis, see Ovalis fossa — 1. Luteus re-
tinae, sec Foramen centrale — 1. Posterior corporis
gtriati, Ta3nia semicircularis.
LIMK. A fruit like a small lemon, the juice
of which is strongly acid, and is much used for
makiiij; punch. It is, also, used in long voyages
as an antiscorbutic, &c. It is a species of lemon,
the fruit of Citrii« ncida.
LiMK, Calx — 1. Carbonate of, Creta — 1. Chloride
of, Calcis chlori<lum — -1. Chlorite of, Calcis chlo-
ridum — 1. Cliloruret of, Calcis chloridum — 1. Hy-
drate of, see Cal.K — 1. Hydrosulphate of, Calcis
sulphnretum — 1. Hypochlorite of, Calcis chlori-
dum— 1. Muriate of, solution of, see Calcis murias
— 1. Oxymuriato of, Calcis chloridum — 1. Phos-
phate of, sec Cornu ustum — 1. Bone phosphate
of, see Cornu ustum — 1. Slaked, see Calx — I. Sul-
phuret of, Calcis sulphuretum.
Lime Trkr, Tilia — 1. Water, Liquor calcis — 1.
Water, eompoiind, Liquor calcis compositus.
LTMICUS, Hungry.
LI.MrrilOPHES, see Trisplanchnic nerve.
LLMNE. Marsh.
LIMNE'MIC, Limnce'mic, Limnhe'mic, Lim-
nm'nii'cds, Li'miih(p,'inicHs, from Xinvr;, 'a marsh,'
and 'aiiia, 'blood.' An epithet given to affections
induced by paludal emanations; (E.) Affections
llniiili<'iiilifues.
LIMOCTON'IA, Abstinence. Abstinence to
death. Death from hunger ; from ^.tfioi, ' hunger/
and KTovo^, 'death.' Suicide by hunger.
LTMODES, Hungry.
LIMOX, see Citrus medica.
LIMONADA, Lemonade.
LI.UOiVADE, Lemonade — I. Gazcuse, see Le-
monade— /. jUcvhe, Lemonade, dry; see Citric
acid.
LTMONIUM, Statice limonium— 1. Malum, see
Citrus medica.
LIMONUJr BACCA, see Citrus medica.
LIMO-PIITHI'SIS, from Xi^os, ' hunger,' and
iiOiaii, 'wasting.' Wasting from privation of
food.
LIMOS, Aifiof, 'hunger.' Hence :
LIMO'SIS, Stomach cfitense, Jforhid appetite.
A genus in the class Ccelincn, order Enterica, of
Good.
LiMosis Cahdiai.gia MonnENS. Cardinlgia — 1.
Cardialgia sputa toria. Pyrosis — 1. Dj'spepsia, Dys-
pepsia— 1. Expers, Anorexia — 1. Expers protracta.
Fasting — 1. Flatus, Flatulence — 1. Ilelluonum,
Gluttony — 1. Pica, Malacia.
LIMOTHERAPBrA, NeMithempei'n, Neito-
theriipci'u, Xcntiatri'ii, Peiiintherttpi'a, Cura'tio
morbl per ine'diitm, from Umon, and ^cpavcia,
'trentniont.' Hunger-cure. Cure by fasting.
LIMUS, Limos,'
LIX, Linum usitatissimnm — 1. Grninen de, see
Linura usitatissimum — l.Purijnllf, Linum eathar-
ticura.
LIXATRE, Antirhinum linaria.
LIXAMEXTUM, Linteum.
LIXAKIA, Antirhinum linaria — 1. Cymbala-
ria, Antirhinum linaria — 1. Elatine, Antirhinum
elatirio — 1. Vuli;aris, Antirhinum linaria.
LIXCTITARIUM, Eclectos.
LIXCTUS. Eclectos— 1. Albus, Looch album—
I. Amygdalinus, Looch album — 1. ad Aphthas,
Mel boracis — 1. de Borace, Mel boracis — 1. Com-
munis, Looch album.
LIXDEN TREE, Tilia, Tilia Americana.
LINE, Liti'en, Gramme, (F.) Licjne. Extent
in length, considered without regard to breadth
or thickness. As a measure, it means the 12th
part of an inch.
Mkdian Line of the Body is an imaginary
line supposed to set out from the top of the heail
and to fall between the feet, so as to divide the
body vertically into two equal and symmetrical
parts.
LINEA, Line.
LiNEA Alba, Linen alhn Ahdoni'ivis, (F.)
Ligne blanche ou mediane de Fabdomen (Ch.),
Candid'ula abdnin'inis lin'ea, Lin'ea centrii'Ux.
A tendinous, strong, and highly resisting cord ;
extending from the ensiform cartilage of the ster-
num to the symphysis pubis, with the umbilicus
near its middle. The linea alba is formed by the
decussation of the aponeurosis of the abdominal
muscles; and its use is to limit the movement of
the chest backwards ; to prevent it from separa-
ting too far from the pelvis, and to furnish a fixed
point for the muscles of the abdomen in their
contraction.
Linea As'pera, Rarjged ridge, (F.) Lignedpre,
Ligne eona-trochanterienne, (Ch.) A rough pro-
jection at the posterior surface of the femur,
which gives attachment to muscles.
Linea Candidui.a Abdominis, L. alba — 1. Cen-
tralis, L. alba — 1. Innominata, Ilio-pectinea
Linea.
LINEiE ARCUATiE, Curved lines — 1. Semi-
circulares externa?. Curved lines.
LiNK^ Srmiluna'rks are the lines, which
bound the outer margin of the recti muscles of
the abdomen. They are formed by the union of
the abdominal tendons. The lines which cross
these muscles are called Linea transver'nir.
LinEjE Tib'i.e, An'giili tib'im. Sharp lines on
the tibia.
Line/e TransversjE, see L. scmilunares, and
Processus teretes.
LIN jf: AIRE, Linear.
LIN'EAMEXT, Lineamen'tnm, from linea, 'a,
line,' lineare, ' to mark by lines.' A delicate trait
observed on the countenance, which constitutes
its special character, enables us to preserve its
image, and is the cause of resemblance to others.
A feature.
Bonnet, gave the name Lineament to the first
traces of organization in the embryo of man and
animals.
LTX'EAR, Linea'rin, Linen' riiiK. from linea,
'aline.' (F). Lineaire. Pathologists ai)ply the
epithet linear to fractures which are very narrow,
and in which the fragments are scarcely sepa-
rated.
LIXE'OLA ; a diminutive of linea, 'a line.' A
small line.
LiNB'oi/iK Mahma'ritsi. The white lines on the
breasts.
LTNGISM, Kinesipathy.
LIXGUA, Tongue — 1. Avis, see Frnxinus ex-
oclsior — 1. Bovis, Anchiisa officinalis — 1. Caninn,
Cynoglossum — 1. Cervina, Asplenium seolopcn-
driuni — 1. Exigua, Epiglottis — 1. Prognosis ex,
Qlossomantia — 1. Serpentaria, Ophioglossum vul-
gatuni.
Lingua Detentor, Glossocatochua — 1. Exon-
cosis, Glossoncus — 1. Scalpium, Cure-lnngne.
LIN'GUAL, Lingua'lis, from lingna, 'the
tongue.' Relating or belonging to the tongue.
Lingual Ar'tery, Arte'ria lingua'lis, arises
from the external carotid; and, after several tor-
tuosities, reaches the base of the tongue, becomes
horizontal, and, under the name Ranine, advances
LINGUALIS
1-42
LINIMENTUM
to tlie tip, wliere it annstomoses with its follow.
In its course, it gives off the Dnmali-i linguae and
suhl'nKjunl.
Lingual Musclk, Lingwt'Hn, Banio-glonmis
(Cowper), GloKsiii'iiii-t, is a small, lone;, fasciculus
of fibres, hidden beneath the sides of the tongue,
between the hyoglossus and styloglossus mus-
cles, which are on the outside, and the gcnioglos-
5US, within. This muscle passes from the base to
tiie tip of the tongue; and, at its sides, is con-
founded with the muscles just referred to. It
shortens the tongue, depresses its point, and can
carry it to the right or left side.
Lingual Nerve is a name which has been
given to the ninth pair or hypoglossus. It
is, also, a term applied to a branch given off
from the Inferior maxlllarij. or third branch
of the fifth pair. Near its origin it anastomoses
with, or simply runs close to, the chorda tym-
pani. It afterwards gives off a considerable num-
ber of filaments, which are distributed to the
tongue, and some of which are said to have been
even traced as far as the papillae; — a distribu-
tion which has occasioned it to be regarded as
the Gnii'tat<ir;i nerve, (P.) Nerf rjv.stati/.
Lingual Salivaky Glands, see Salivary
glands.
Lingual Vein follows nearly the same distri-
bution as the artery. It opens into the internal
jugular.
LINGUALIS, Lingual muscle.
LINGUETTA LAMINOSA, Lingula.
LINGIILA, Ligula.
Lin'gula, Linrjuet'tn Inmino'na. A thin, trans-
versely grooved lobule of gray substance, de-
rived from the anterior border of the cerebellum,
which, for a short distance, lies over the velum
meilullare anterius.
LiNT.iTLA FiSTUL.f;, Epiglottis.
LINI USITATISSLMI SEMtNA, see Linum
usitntissimum.
LTN'IMENT, Linimeu'tnm. Litno, Enrhrin'fon,
C'lt'iclirin'ton, Perirh'rlsin, Perichris'tnn.Aleiph'ft,
Alcim'mn, Enehris'ta, Fricliiiti, Fricofo'riiDii, fti-
viic.'tio, from linire, llnifinn, 'to anoint gently,'
'to anoint.' An unctuous medicine, containing
usually oil or lard, which is used externally in
the form of friction.
LiNiMKNT OF Ammonia, Compound, see Lotion,
Granville's.
LINTMEXT AifMONTACAL, Linimenturn
ammoniae — /. de Cnrhon<ite d'Ainmoniaqiie, Li-
nimenturn ammoniae earbonatis.
LiNiMBNT, Anodyne, Linimenturn opii.
/. INfMKNT ANrirTEMOHRHOfDALE
DE SIEUli ANDRY, (F.) This is formed of
Ni-irboHne hnnei/, Olife nil, and Turpentine.
Lr.VnfENT ANTIPARALYTfQUE. (F.)
Composed ofKiibcnrhonnte of ammnnla, alcoholized
oil, bluck soap, and oil of rosemdrij.
Liniment, Antiscrof'ulous, op Hiifeland.
Composed of frenh nx-i/iill. White soxp, Un-
(jiientitm althce'cB, Volntih oil of petroleum, Car-
honnfe of ammonia, and Cfuiiphor.
Ll^htENr GALCATRE, Linimentum aquse
(.■ilt-is — 1. Camphor, Linimenturn camphoras — ■/.
Cumphre, Linimentum camphorae — 1. of Cantha-
rides, camphorated, Linimentum e cantharidibus
cainphoratum — I. Cantharlde camphre, Linimen-
tum e cantharidibus camphoratum — 1. Croton oil,
Linimentum crotonis — /. d'Eau de chaux, Lini-
mentum aquae calcis — 1. of Limowater, Linimen-
tum aquse calcis — /. de Mercvre, Linimentum hy-
drargyri — 1. Mercurial, Linimentum hydrargyri
— ;. 0/^'>-c"'''"i''e. Linimentum aquae calcis — 1.
of Opium, Linimentum opii.
LINIMENT RE SOL U TIF DE POTT, com-
posed of oil of tnrpenline and muriatic acid. Used
in rheuMiatisni, swellings, &c.
Liniment, Saint .John Long's. A liniment
used by a celebrated empiric at the conimenco-
ment of the second quarter of the ISMh century.
It is said to have consisted of oil of tnrpnitinti
and acetic acid, held in suspcnsi<m by yulk of
egg. It was a powerful eotinter-irrilnnt.
LINLMKNT DE SA VON, Linimentum sapo-
nis compositum — I. de Savon opiacS, Linimentum
saponis et opii.
LINIMENT SAVONNEUX IIYDROSUL-
FURE DE JADELOT. Composed of »»//)//;(«■«
of potdKK, ^vj; while soap, Ibij ; oil of puppy,
tbiv ; 0(7 of thi/me, gij. Used in itch.
Liniment, Simple. Linimentum simplex — 1.
Soap, Linimentum sa[)onis — 1. Soap and oi)iuni,
Linimentum saponis et opii — 1. Soap, couipouiid,
Linimentum saponis compos. — 1. Turpentine, Li-
nimentum terebinthinoc — 1. of Verdigris, Lini-
mentum wruginis — /. de Vert-de-gri.i, L'uumcD-
tum ajruginis — I. Volatil, Linimentum ammoniffi
fortius.
LINIMENTUM, Liniment.
Linimen'tum tEhii'ginis, O.r'ymel ^ru'ijlnie,
Un(jnen'tiim yEyi/ptiacnm, Mtlli'tnm de actta'IS
cnpri, Liniment of verdigris, (F.) Liniment de
Vert-de-gris, Jflel d'acftate de ciiivre. (yErtigiii.
cont. ,^j ; acet. ^vij ; niellis deipnni. pond. ,^xiv.
Liciuefied, strained, and inspissated by boiling —
Ph. L.) It is used as an escharotic and deter-
gent;— diluted, as a gargle in venereal ulcera-
tions and in foul ulcers.
Linimentum Album, Ceratum cetacei, Ungnen-
tum cetacei — 1. ad Amhustiones, L. aqua caUis.
Linimentum Ammo'nitE, S<(po aminoniacii'lis,
Linimen'tum ammonia'tum seu nmmo'nicum seu
Anglica'num, Scpo ammo' nice olea'ceus, Unguen'-
tum album resol' cens, Oleum ammonia'tum, Strong
liniment of ammonia, (F.) Liniment volatil (Ul
innmoniaral, Savon ammotiiacal. {f-'i'J. amnion.
f,^j; oUi ollrcB, f.^ij. Mix. — • Ph. U. S.; A
stimulating and rubefacient soap.
Linimentum AMMo'NiyE Cakbona'tis, Liniment
of subearli'onate of ammo'nia, Linimentum ain-
mo'nice sesquicarhona' tis, L. v<dat'ile, Ilartxhoyn
and oil, (F.) Liniment de carbonate d'ammoni-
aqne. (Solnt. subcarb. amnion, f^^^j ! o'^' "''"•
f,^iij. ■ Shake till they unite.— Ph. L.) A stimu-
lating liniment, mostly used to relieve rheumatic
pains, bruises, &c.
Linimentum Ammonij? Compositum, see Gran-
ville's Lotion — 1. Ammoniae Sesquicarbonatis,
Linimentum Animoni;c Carbonatis — 1. Ainnioni-
atuin seu Aminonicum, L. Ammonife fortis — 1.
Anglieanum, L. Ainmoniai fortis — 1. ad Aphthas,
Mel boracis.
Linimentum Aqu/e Calcis, /i. Galcis (Ph. U.S.), ■
L. ad. ambustio' lies. Oleum liiii cum calre, Sapo
calca'riiis. Liniment of limewaler, Carron oil,
(because much used in the Carr(m iron works in
Scotland), (F.) Liniment d'eau de ehau.r, Savon
caleaire. Liniment cnlcaire ou oleo-caleuire.
[Olei liui, nqucB calcis, aa fjij. Misce.) A
cooling and emollient application to burns and
scalds.
Linimentum Arc.ki, Ungucntum elemi com-
positum— 1. de Boritce, Mel boracis — 1. Calcis,
L. aquae calcis.
Linimentum CAM'pnOR^f;. Oleum Camphora'tum,
Solu'tio camphorcB oleo'sa, Camphor liniment, (F.)
Liniment Camphri, (Camphorce, ^iv ; olei olirm,
fjij. Dissolve. — Ph. U. S.) It is used as a
stimulant and discutient.
Linimentum Cam'phor.f, Compos'itum, Word'$
essence for the headache, Compound camphor lini-
ment. {Camphor. ,^iiss; ol. Lavand. f ,^j ; Sp.
rectifcat. f5xvij; Liquor ammon. fortior. f5''j-
Dissolve the camphor and oil in the sj^irit; add
LINIMENTUM
54:
LIP
the ammonin, nnrl shnke till thoy are mixed.
Ph. L.) It is ."tiiiiiilaiit and disciitient.
LiNIMKSTlIM f'ANTIIAK'iniS, Li III inent of i^pininh
F/ien. (r„„tl,„nd. in pulv. ^y. OL Terehinlh.
Oi's. Dii^c'st for three hours by means of ii water-
biith. and .stiiiin. — Ph. U. S.) Used as an exci-
tant liniment in typhus, <tc.
LiVIMKNTOf E CVNTIIAHin'iBrS CAMPriORA'-
TlI^f, ('iiniph'nnOed liniment of cnithnr' iilpn, fP.)
L. criiilhnriilK c'implire. (Tiiirt. nnitfinrid. ,^ss :
ol. (imi/'/'l. didc j^iv; niipoti. aiiii/i/il. J^] ; ramp/ior.
^^3. Dissolve the eamphor in the' oil, and add
the mixture to the tincture and soap. — Fh. P.)
Iluhefacient, and discutiont.
Ll\IMi:srii,\f CitOTo'.Nis, Croinn oil Liii'impiif,
{01. C-oUm, f,^j; 01. Terehiuth. f^^vij, M. Ph. D.)
Rubefacient, causinsj an eruption when continued.
LiNiMiCNTitM JlvDUAu'r.yiu, L. Hi/drm'iiiiri
com/iox'iliim, Mrrrii'riitl lliiiiiioit, (F.) L. de jlfer-
cin-1. (UiKj. Ififd. fort., (idip. pro^p. iia, %\v \
eamphor<r, ^y, ap. rfct. gtt. xv; liquor ii),niin)i.
f,^iv. Rub the camphor with the spirit: add the
ointment and lard; and, lastly, gradually add
the soluliiui.— Ph. L.) It is used as a stimulant
and discutient to venereal swellinii;s, &e.
LiNisiENTUM Hvi'KiiuT, see Hypericum perfo-
ratum.
LiNlMENTUM Opit, Liiiimrnt of Opium. An'o-
di/iie fjiiimeiit. (S'ipoii. '^vy. 0/>ii. ^\ii< ; Ciun-
plior. ,^iij; 01. Rosmnriii. f .^vj ; Spirit rrrtificot.
OiJ. (Imp. moas.) Macerate the soap and opium
in the spirit for three hours; filter, and add the
oil and eamphor. — Ph. L.) Anodyne and slightly
rubefacient.
LiNiMRNTUM PnT\fnvTusr, Unguentuin plumbi
snperaeetatis — 1. Saponaceutn opiatum, L. Sapo-
nis et opii.
LlNIMKMTtTM SAPOXA'PEnM IIVDUOSHLPtllTRA'-
TiiM. (Common Soap, r>(\0 p. Li(iucfy in a water
hath in an earthen vessel; and add white poppy
oil, 250 p. Mix intimately, and arid (hy unlphiiret
of potuHH, 100 p. Beat together, and "adil oil of
pnppij seed, 750 p.— Ph. P.) In cutaneous affec-
tions, as psora, herpes, Ac.
LiNninNTim S\poNATO-cAMPirouATUM, L. Sa-
pnnis caniphoratum.
LlN-UtK.MTIi.\r Sapo'nis. Tineln'rn nnpnniH cnni-
phorn'lo(Ph.\].S.),a„mpriorated Tinrtiireof Soap,
Soap Liniment. (.S'ayjo'i/* coneis. ^^iv: cawphor.
,^ij; 01. Ronmnrin. f.^ss; n/eofio'l. Oij. Digest
the soap and alcohol in a water-bath! until the
former is dissolved ; filter, and add the camphor
and oil. — Ph. U. S.) Used in sprains, bruises,
and as an embrocation.
Ll.VIMRNTrH SaPO'NIS CAWPHORA'TtTJf, L. &
compos'itnm, L. Soponti'lo-camphora'tiini, BnV-
irimnm opodcl'dor, Tineta'ra saponin cnmphorn'ta
(Ph. U. S.), Opodel'doeh. Steer's opodeldoeh. Com-
pound Soap Liniment, (F.) L. de Saron. (Sopon.
rasur. ^u-; Camphor. *ij ; OL Rosmorini, f|ss;
Aqn<p., f_^iv; A'enhol. OiJ. Mix the alcohofand
water; digest the soap in the mixture by means
of a water-hath, until it is dissolved: filter, and
add the camphor and oil.— (Ph. U. 8.) Stimulant
and anodyne; in bruises, local pains, Ae.
Freemnn's lidlhinif Spirits consist of //». snpon
comp. coloured with Dofi'/i's elixir.
Jovkion's ]i<,thiii<i Spirits difi'er from Freeman's
in the adilition of some essential oils.
LiNiMKNTi'M Sapo'nis rt Oprt, L. snponn'eevm
opiii'tnm. Sorip and opium lin'iment, Rutes's ano-
di/ne Indsnm, Ihil'sanium nnod'i/nnm, Tinetnrn sa-
ponis et opii, (V.Wy. de Soron nplnef. (Soponis ■■
ditri. .^\v^; opii, i^y. cnmphorm. %\'y, olei roris- |
marni. fgss : alcohol. Oij. — Ph. E.) Anodyne;
in chronic rheumatism and local pains in general.
LiNIMKNTl'.M SlMPr,l--X, Simple Liniment. (01.
olt'v. 4 p.; cercB a/lxB, 1 p. fiat linimentum. — Ph.
E.) Emollient; used in chap.s, Ac.
Jiryi>fKNTinr Simplex, Fn-ruentum cerw.
LlNntKNTPM TKttKItl.v'THl.V^, L. Terehl nthina'.
turn, Turpentine liniment. (Cerat. resinm, ftj ;
ol. terebinth. Oss. Melt the cerate and stir in the
oil.) A stimulant; applied to burns, Ac.
LiNiMBNTirM Volatile, L. ammonia; carbonatis,
LINN, Tilia Americana.
LINN/E'A, /.. lioreo'lis. Ord. Caprifoliacese.
This plant, called after Linnicus. has a bitter,
sub-astringent taste; and is used, in sonic plares,
in the form of fomentation, in rheumatic i)ains.
An infusion in milk is used in Switzerland ior the
cure of sciatica.
LINOSPERMUM, see Linura usitatissimum.
LINSEED, see Linum usitatissiiuuui.
LINT. Carbasus, Linteum.
LINTEAMEN, Linteum, Pledget.
LIN'TEU.M, 'a linen cloth,' from linnm, 'flax,
linen,' L. carptnm sen rasnni, Lintea'men, 0th'-
one, Othoii'lon, Car'husns, Car'busa, Oar'pla,
Motos, Mole, Motiim, LInnmen'tnm, Tilmii,
Xi/stos. Xi/ima, Achiie, Jjint, (V.) Charple. A
soft, flocculent substance, made by scraping old
linen cloth, (F.) Chnrpie rdpfe, or by unravel-
ling old linen cut into small [)ieces — (F.) Chor-
plc brute ; and employed in surgery as a dressini'
to wounds, ulcers, &c., either simply or covered
with oint<nent.
Linteum Carptum, see Linteum — I. Rasum
see Linteum — 1. Seissum. Splitcloth (bandage.)
LINUM, see Linum usitatissimum — 1. Arvense,
L. usitatissimum.
Ll.vuM CATliAu'TirtFM, L. min'Ininm, Chnm<f.li'.
num. Pnr>/hii/ fl't.r. Mill monntain, (¥.) Lin pnr-
'jatif. Ord. Linacea'. This plant is possessed
of cathartic properties, and has a bitterish, dis-
agreeable taste. Dose, ^}, in substance.
LiNi'M Ounnii.M, see Apolinosis — 1. Minimum,
L. Oatharticum.
LlNl'H UsiTATls'siMii5f, L. nrven'se, Common
fax, (F.) Lin. The seed, Linnm, (Ph. U. S.),
Sem'iu'i lini vsitatis'slmi, Linosper'mnm, Lin-
feed, Flaxseed, (F.) Grains de lin, are inodorous,
and almost tasteless; yielding mucilage to warm
water, and oil by expression. Ttiey are demul-
cent and emollient. Linseed, when ground into
powder, forms a good emollient poultice. It is
only necessary to stir the powder into hoilino'
water. The oil. Oleum lini, Fla.rserd oil, (F.")
Hnlle de Lin. \< emollient and demulcent.
LIO.YDF.VT, Leontodon taraxacum.
LION'S FOOT, Nabalus albus, Prenanthes —
1. Tail, Leonurus.
LIOPODIA, see Leiopus.
LIOPUS. Leiopus.
LIP, Sax. and Germ. L i ppe, Cheilns, La'hinvi,
Labrum, (F.) Lei-re. [In Entomology, labinni
means the lower lip, — hdimm, the upper.] The
lips are composed of different muscular fasciculi,
nerves, and vessels, covered by the skin and mu-
cous membrane of the mouth. They circumscribe
the anterior aperture of that cavity; and are in-
servient to mastication, pronunciation, <tc. They
are distinguished into upper and loner Ano-
ehei'lvn ; and Ctitaehei'lon, (Prov.) Flpt>le and
are placed in front of each jaw, forming between
them the anterior aperture of the mouth. They
unite at each side, and form what are called tbo
nnr/les or rommiss-nres of the mouth — Chal'ini.
Their free ed<re is covereil with a mucou,? mem-
brane, of a more or less livid red, according to
the individual. They receive their arteries from
the external carotid. Their veins o|)cn into th(5
two jugulars. Their lymphatic vessels descend
into the ganglions situate beneath the chin.
Their nerves are derived from the infra-orbitar,
mental, and facial.
Lips, La'bin, (F.) Lerres de la vnlre, are folds
belonging to the genital organs of the fetnalo,
LIPA
544
LIQUOR
nnd distinguished into — 1. Lahiu piitleii'd! sou
Ciomi pcu mnjo'rn, Ejiisi'a, Alts piideii'di miilie'-
bn'n, Hytrochei'lidek; liitpes, AlcB vuijo'ren, Crein'-
«(>i, (F.) Grandca Levrea. These are two niein-
liranous folds, thicker above than below, which
limit the vulva laterally, and extend from the in-
ferior part of the mons veneris to the perin.Tum.
They unite anteriorly and posteriorly, forming
commissures ; the posterior of which is called
Fotirchette. Their outer surface is convex; formed
of skin and covered with hair. The inner sur-
face is white, and covered by a mucous membrane,
continuous with that lining the other parts of the
vulva. The space between the skin and mucous
raembrane is filled with a fatty tissue and fibrous
bands, some fibres of the constrictor vaginae mus-
cle, vessels, and nerves.
We speak, also, of the lips of a wound, vlcer,
&e., when alluding to the edges of these solutions
of continuity.
LIPA, >iir(j, fat; also, Lippitudo.
LI'PARA. from Ain-apoj, 'fatly.' Plasters,
containing much oil or fat.
LIPARIA, see Polysarca.
LIPAROCE'LE,X)>oce7e,from Xurapof, 'fatty,'
and Kn^ri, 'tumour.' Lipo'ma, or fatty tumour
of the scrotum, Her'uin pimjuedina'aa scroti.
LIPARODES. Fatty.
LIP A no WE, Cerate.
LIPAROLE, Pomatum, Pommade.
LIPAROTES, see Polysarcia.
LIPAROTRICTI'IA, from Acrapoj, 'fatty,' and
5p(^, Tpt)(_oi, 'hair.' Too great oiliness of the hair.
LIPARUS, Fatty.
LIP AS MA, see Polysarcia.
LIPEMANIA, Melancholy, see Lypemania.
LIPIIyEMIA, Leiphwmia.
LIPH.EMOS. Leiphicmos.
LIPO or LEIPO, AiiTTu, ' I leave,' 'I forsake.'
Hence, Leipopnychia, Leipothymia.
LIPOCELE, Liparocele.
LIPODERMIA, Aposthia.
LIPODERMOS, Leipodermos.
LIPO'MA, Lijpo'ma, from Xora, 'fat.' A fiitty
tumour of an encysted or other character.
LIPOMATODES, Lipomatous.
LIPOM'ATOUS, LiporiKxto'sus, Lipomato'des,
(F.) Lipomnteux. Having the nature of lipoma
— as a ' lipomntnus mass.'
LIPOME'RIA, Leipnme'ria, from Xciru, 'I
leave,' and ntgo^, a 'part.' Monstrosity from ar-
rest of development, or from defect. Deficiency
of one or more of the parts of the body; for ex-
ample, in one who has only four fingers.
LIPOPSYCIIIA, Syncope.
LIPOS, Fat.
LIPOSIS. see Polysarcia.
LIPOSPHYXIA, Syncope.
LIPOTHYMIA, Syncope.
LIPPA, Chnssie.
LIPPER, Lepra, Leprous.
LIPPIA. Adali.
LIPPITU'DO, Ophtlinl'mia chron'ica of some,
Lippit)tde, Blenr-eye, Blenr-eyedness, Blear'ed-
ness, Lnppn, Lipn, Xerophfhiil'mia, Lema, Leme,
Lemos'itns, Gleme, Glantn, Gra'mia. A copious
secretion of the sebaceous humour of the eyelids,
■which renders them gummy. It is owing to a
state of chronic inflammation of the tarsal mar-
gins; the eyelids being generally red, tumefied,
and painful.
Lippitudo NEONATORnsr, see Ophthalmia.
LIPPUS, one affected with blear eye; llear-
cyd ; (F.) ChriHsievx.
LTPSIS ANIMI, Svncope.
LIPSOTRICIIIA, Alopecia, Calvitics.
LIQUAMEN, Garum.
LIQTAMU'.MIA, Adips hiim<('>uts. Ilumnn
fat. — Ruland and Johnson.
LIQUARIUM, Syrupus simplex.
LIQUATIO, Liquefaction.
LIQUEFA'CIENT, Llqnc/u'cieiis, from //<;»/,^
us, 'liquid,' and/i/ffcc, 'to make.' A niedniiud
agent, which seems to have the power of )ii|iic(v,
ing solid depositions. To this class mercury,
iodine, Ac., have been referred by some.
LIQUEFACTION, Liqua'llo, Liqurftu'li., ;
same etymon. Transformation of a soliil siili.
stance into a liquid. It is used particnhirly in
speaking of metals and fattv bodies, see Fu.-^ion.
LIQVEVU J)E L'AJ/iVlOS, Liquor amnii—
I. d'Aluiiiine Composed, Liquor aluniinis compos.
— /. Auodiiie d' Huffman, Spiritus a^theris sulphu-
rici com)iositus — /. Anndine iiitreuse, Spiritus
aethcris nitriei — I. Aisenictde, Liquor arseiiicalis
— I. Fnmante de lioy/c, Ammoniae suljjhurctuni.
Liquor fuinans Boy Hi — /. Volatile de Conie de eevf.
Liquor volatilis cornu cervi- — I. de Cvirre aiirmo-
niucol, Liquor cupri amnioniati — I. de Ver ulcn-
line. Liquor ferri alkalini — I. de Sous-acetate de
plonib. Liquor plumbi subacetatis — I. de Putasse,
Liquor potassoc — /. du Saiir/, Liquor sanguinis —
I. de Sous-cdiboiiate de potusse, Liquor potassa;
subearbonatis.
LIQUID, ADHESIVE, MAYNARD'S, Cnll.>-
dion — 1. Disinfecting, Burnett's.'see Burnett's dis-
infecting liquid — 1. Disinfecting, Laharraqup's,
Liquor sodie chloriiiatiu — 1. Disinfecting, Le-
doyen's, see Ledovcn's disinfecting liquid.
LIQUIDAMBAR ASPLENIFOLIA, Compto-
nia asplenifolia — 1. Officinalis, see Styrax — 1. Pe-
regrina,, Comptonia asplenifolia.
Liquidam'bar Stykacip'li'A, Llcpddam'hni,
Sineet cptm, White gum. Oid. Balsaminea). The
name of the tree which affords the Liquid nndur
and Storax liquida, Styrax liqiiida or Liipiid
storax. Liquid amber is a resinous juice of a
yellow colour, inclining to red ; at first of about
the consistence of turpentine; by age, harden-
ing into a solid, brittle mass. It is not used
medicinally.
Styrax Liquida is obtained from this plant by
boiling. There are two sorts, — one more pure
than the other. It is used occasionally, as a
stomachic, in the form of plaster.
LIQUIDE AMNIOTIQUE, Liquor Amnii—/.
Cephaio-rarhidieinie. Cephalo-spiiial fluid.
LIQUIDUM NERVEUM, Nervous fluid.
LIQUIRITIA, Glycyrrhiza.
LIQUOR, {liqneo, 'I am liquid,') iiV/ici'w",
Hyrjron, Ily'rjrotes, (F.) Liqueur. A name given
to many compovind litiuids, and especially to
those the bases of which are water and alcohol.
Liquor Acirus Hat.leri, Elixir aci<hun Hal-
leri — 1. iEthereus, Ether — 1. .i^ilthereus sulphu-
ricus, Sjiiritus a;theris sulphurici.
LlQlJOli Alu'minis Compos'itus, Aqua nlu'mi.
nis conipos'ita seu alumino'sa Batea'na, fiatPf's
alum water. Compound solu'tion of Alum, (F.)
Liqueur d'alumine composee. (Ahiminin, zimi
sulj)haf. sing. ^^ss. aqiirn fervent. Oij. Dissolve
and filter through paper.) Detergent and stimu-
lant. Used as a coUyriura, when properl)' di-
luted, in ophthalmia; as an injection in gleet,
leucorrhrea, Ac.
LiQiiou i;x Ammonia et Oleo Succini, Spiritus
ammoniiE succinatns
LiQfoii Ammo'ni/F,, L. nmmonim pnrm, Al\'nli
ammoni'acum flii'idum, Ammo'nin liq'iiida. seu
caiis'tica liquida seu purn liquida, Lixiv'him
nmmoniaca'le. Spiritus salis amvioniaci aqtm siis.
Aqua ommoni(p. seu ammonia', caus'tii'tp.. Liquid
ammonia. Solution of ammonia, (P.) Ammonlnqne
liquide. Directed to be made in the Pharni. V.
S. from muriate of Ammonia, \\\ fine powder; and
Lime, each a pound; distilled watnr Si'j^'mi'. water.
LIQUOR
545
LIQUOR
nine fluid ounces. The water is employed to slake
the lime ; this is mixed with the muriate of am-
monia and put into a glass retort in a sand-bath.
Heat is applied so as to drive oft' the ammonia,
which is made to pass into a quart bottle contain-
ing the distilled water. To every ounce of the
product three and a half fluidrachms of distilled
water are added, or as much as may be necessary
to raise its s. g. to 0-96. This Liquor AmmoniiB
may also be made by mi.xing one part of liciuor
ammonias fortior with two parts of distilled water.
(Ph. U. S. 1842.) Its s. g. is 0-900. Liquor
Ammoni/E FORTIOH, Stronijer sohaion of atiimo-
iiin (I'll. U. S.) is an aqueous solution of anjinonia
of the s. g. 0-882. Liquor ammoniae is stimulant,
antacid, and rubefacient. Dose, gtt. x to xx, in
water or milk.
Liquor AmmonIjE Aceta'tis, Al'cali ammoni'-
aciim acctu'tiim, A. volat'ile aceta'tiini, Aqua
aceta'tis ammo' nice seu ammo' nice aceta'tcB, Solu-
tion of acetate of ammonia, Ace'taa ammonia,
Spirit of Mindere'rwt, Sal ammoni'aciun vegetal' -
He, Spir'itiia ophtlial'micim Miiidere'ri, Sal aceto'-
tiin ammoninca'lifi. (Acid, acetic, di/iit. Oij, Am-
nwii. caibojiat. in pulv. Add the salt to the acid
until it is saturated. Ph.U. S. 185L) A sudorific;
externally, cooling. Dose, fj^ij to f 5iss.
Liquor Ammonia Sesquicarbonatis, Liquor
Ammoniic Subcarbonatis.
Liquor Ammoni* Citra'tis, Solution of Citrate
of Ammonia. This preparation is officinal in the
Dublin Pharmacopoeia. It is made by saturating
a solution of ciV/-i"c acid with Hcnqnicarboriate of
ammonia. It is given in cases of adynamic fever.
Liquor Ammonia SuBcAiuiONA'Tis. Liquor
Ammonia; Sesquicarbona'tin, Solu'tio auhcarhona-
tin ammo)iiee, Aqua cnrhonatia ammonim, Solution
of eubcarbonate of ammonia. Water of car'bonate
of ammonia. { Amnion icR carbon. ^\v, aqua; des-
tillat. Oj. Dissolve and filter through paper.)
Use; — the same as that of the carbonate of am-
monia).
Liquor Ammonii IlYnROTHionis, Ammoniae
sulphuretum — 1. Ammonii vinosus, Spiritus am-
moniae.
Liquor Am'nii. Aqua amnii. The liquor of the
amnios. (F.) I^au ou Liqueur de Vamniof, Liqnide
amniotique. The fluid exhaled by the amnios,
and whii-h envelops the foetus during the whole
period of utero-gestation. It is often simply
called the waters, (F.) Lcs Eaux. Its relative
quantity diminishes as pregnancy advances, al-
though its absolute quantity continues to increase
till the period of delivery. In some women, only
five or six ounces are met with : in others, it
amounts to pints. It is limpid, yellowish, or
whitish ; exhales a faint smell, and has a slightly
saline taste. It contains water in considerable
quantity; albumen; chloride of sodium; phos-
phate of lime; an alkaline substance; and a par-
ticular acid. It facilitates the dilatation of the
uterus, and aids delivery by acting as a soft
wedge enclosed in its membranes. Ba;] of waters.
Poehe des Eaux, <fec. It is probably inserviont to
useful purposes in the nutrition of the foetus.
Liquor Amnii, Fai.sk. The fluid contained
between the amnion and chorion in the early
periods of foetal existence.
_ Liquor, Anodynk, HoppAfANN's, Spiritus a?the-
ris sulphurici compositus — 1. Anodynus martialis.
Alcohol sulphurico-a'thereus ferri.
LiQiToR ANon'vxus Tkrrbixtiiixa'tus. a for-
mula prescribed by Rademacher in cases of gall-
Btone, and of obstructions and indurations of the
liver and spleen. It was composed of Hoffmann's
anodyne liquor ^^j ; rectified oil of turpentine ^ij.
Dose. 5 to 10 drops. It" resembles the Remede de
Diirnnde, Mixture lithontriptique de Durand, M.
dc miitt, EtliiroU d'easence de tfrihenthine, which
35
is formed of Sulphuric ether, 30 parts ; Essence
of turpentine, 15 parts. It is used in the same
cases.
Liquor Ar.«enica'lis, L. Potas'sas arseni'tix
(Ph. U. S.), Solu'tio arsenicalia seu araeiiicn'ta seu
arecni'tis kal'irce, Amen'ical solution, 3/in'eral
solvent, Ar'senis potas'scB liq'nidus seu potasKie
aquo'sus. Fowler's solution of arsenic, Solvens
minera'le, Ital'ian poison. Aequo, seu Aqua Toffa' .
nia, Acqiia della Toffana, A. di Napoli, Acqitet' -
'« [•*']» Tantcless ai/ue drop, (F.) Liqueur arseni-
cale. (Acid. Areenios. in frustuWs, potasnea car-
bonatis ])ur., sing. gr. Ixiv., aqiim destillaf. q. s.
Boil together the arsenious acid and carbonate
of potassa with twelve fluidounces of dislilleil
water, in a glass vessel, until the arsenic is dis-
solved. When the solution is cold, add Spirit,
lavaud. c. i'^'w, and as much distilled water as
will make the whole one pint. Ph. U. S.) fgj
contains gr. ss of the arsenious acid. Dose, gtt. x.
For Pearson's Solution, see Arseniate of Soda.
Liquor ArseniciChlo'rii)i..S'<//i(<io)<o/(7/(/oj-?V/<:
of Arsenic, of the London Pharmacopoeia of 185 1,
is made by boiling Arsenious aciil p^fs, in hydro-
chloric acid f^iss (Imp. meas.), mixed with a
fluidounce of distilled water, until it is dissolved :
then adding water to make the qnantity a pint
(Imp. meas.) Each fluidounce contains a grain
and a half of arsenious acid, or an equivalent
quantity of terchloride. Properties the same as
those of Liquor Arsenicalis. It is a substitute for,
and imitation of L>e Valangin's Arsenical Solu-
tion, Solu'tio solven'tis minera'lis, much used by
many British practitioners. Dose, gtt. v-x.
Liquor Arsknici et IIydrahgyiu Iodidi, see
Arsenic and Mercury, iodide of— 1. Barii ehloridi,
Baryta, muriate of, solution of — 1. Bellosti, L.
Hydrargyri nitrici — 1. Calcii ehloridi, see Calcis
murias.
Liquor Calcis, Solu'tio calcis. Aqua calcis
seu benedic'ta seu Calca'rice ustce, Calca'ria purn,
liq'uida. Solution of Liyne, IJme Water, (F.)
Eau de chaux. ( Calcis ,^iv., fir^. destill. cong. Pour
the water on the lime, and stir. Let it stand in
a covered vessel three hours; bottle the lime and
water in stopped bottles, and use the clear solu-
tion.) It is astringent, tonic, and antacid; and
is used in diarrha-a, diabetes, heartburn, &c., and
as a lotion to foul and cancerous ulcers, &e.
Dose, f,^ij to Oss, in milk.
Liquor Cai.cis Chlorina't^, Solution ofChlo'.
rinalcd Lime (Ph. D.), is made by triturating
half a pound of chlorinated lime with half a gal-
lon of water; shaking the mixture; filtering, and
keeping in a well-stopped bottle. Used in the
same cases as chlorinated lime. Dose, f.^ss to f ^j.
Liquor Cai.cis Compos'itus. Aqun Caleis com.
pos'ita seu benedic'ta compos'ita, Compound lime
water. (F.) Eau de chaux compose. [Liyn.
f/uniac. ras. ftss, rod. glycyrrh. ^j, corf, sassafras,
^^ss; semin. coriand. ^^i_j, liquor calcis, Ovj. Ma-
cerate for two days, and filter.) It is stimulant,
diafihoretic, and astringent, and is used in cuta-
neous affections.
Liquor Cai.cis Muriatis, see Calcis mnria? —
1. Cereris, Cerevisia — 1. Chloreti natri, L. sod;o
chlorinat.T — I. Chlorini, see Chlorine — I. Cliloru-
reti natri, L. Sodao ehlorinata; — 1. Chlorureti soda',
L. sodic (hlorinatac.
Liquor Ciiym, see Chyle.
Liquor Cupri Am.monia'ti, Liquor Cupri am-
monio-sulpha'tis. Aqua seu solu'tio cupri ammo,
nia'ti seu sapphari'na, Jlltie eyewater. Solution
of ammoniated copper ; (F. ) Liqueur on Eau de
cuirre aynmoniacal. (Cupri ammoniat. ^]. aqua!
destill. Oy Dissolve and filter the solution through
paper. Ph. Z.) Corrosive and detergent. Used
externally to foul ulcers; and diluted with an
equal part of distilled water, it is applied by means
LIQUOR
546
LIQUOR
■ »« a hair pencil to specks and films on the
eye.
Liquor Citprt Ammonio-Sulphatis, Liquor
Cupri ainiiionisiti.
liiQuoii Cupnr Solpha'tis Compos'itus, Aqnn
ciipii vitn'ula'ti <ftvip<iisita. (Ciipri siilphot., aln-
viiii. giiljihnt. aa ,^iij, nqiirp pi(ra> 0\}., (ifi'd siilpli.
^]. Boil the salts in the water until they are
dissolved ; then filter the liquor, and add the acid.)
Used as an astrini^ent in epistaxis, <fcc. It was
also called A</iia Sti/p'tici.
Liquor Cvrhniaci's, Benjamin — 1. Entericus,
Succus entericus — 1. E.xcitans, Spiritus amraoniae
sucoinatus.
LiQiTori Fkrrt Alkai.i'nt, Sohitioii of A/l-nl!ne
Iron, (F.) L)'(/iieiir fie fer alcaliiip. (Ferri ^Uf?,
ncld. nitiir: _^ij, aqiice ileHtHhif. f,^vj. l!q. potiinn.
giihcnrb. f.^vj. To the acid and water nii.\ed,
add the iron ; and, after the effervescence, add
the clear sidution, gr.adually. to the liq. potrntxte
snhcnrb. ; shakinj? it occasionally till it assumes
a deep brown-red colour, and the effervescence
stops. After six hours' scttlincc. p<iur off the clear
solution. Ph. L.) It is tonic like other prepa-
rations of iron. Dose, f ,^ss to f ^^iss.
Liquor Ferri Io'dibi, Solution of Iodide of
Iron, Syr'upm Ferri in'didi, Syrnp of Iodide of
Iron, (fodin. 5ij. Ferri rriment. ^j, Saechnr.
pnlv. ^xij, AqiicB deitiUnt. q. s. Mix the iodine
with f,^x of the distilled water, in a porcelain or
glass vessel, and gradually add the iron filings,
constantly stirring. Heat the mixture gently
until the liquor acquires a light greenish colour;
then, having added the sugar, continue the heat
a short time, and filter. Lastly, pour distilled
water upon the filter, and allow it to pass until
the whole of the filtered liquor measures twenty
fluidounces. Keep the solution in closely stepped
bottles.— Ph. U. S.) Dose, 20 or .SO drops.
Liquor Ferui Muriatis, Tinctura ferri mu-
riatis.
LiQUOn FrRRI Nitra'tiS, L. Ferri Se^qnini-
tra'tii sen tertiitrti'tis, Sojn'flo Ferri iiitrfi'tin.
Solntion of nitrnfe, of ternitrate of nenqnioi-ide,
or (>{ senqiiiiiitrnfe of iron, has been recommended
in chronic diarrhoea and dysentery. Its virtues
exactly resemble those of chloride of iron. It is
prepared as follows : — Ferri Jili, incis. ^^j. Acid,
nitric, f.^ii.i. Aq. destiUnt. q. s. Mix the acid and
a pint of distilled water, until gas ceases to be
g'ven off; filter, and add distilled water to make
fgxxx.— -Ph. U. S.) Dose, 10 to 20 drops.
Liquor Folliculi, see Folliouli Graafian!.
Liquor Fumans Bovr/ii, Snlphnre'tnm Ammo'-
nicB Ui/droqenii'tnm, Hi/dromilphnre'tu/il Ammo-
nia!, Tinetit'ra Snl'phnris Vohit'ilis, Aqnn Sn!-
phnre'ti Ammonia. Doifle's Fnniintj iiqnor, (F.)
Liqueur fnmdnle de Boyle. It is possessed of
Tiauseating and emetic properties, and has been
given in diabetes and diseases of excitement as a
deori/r/enizer !
Liquor, Fuming, Boyi.k's, Liquor fumans Boy-
lii — 1. Fuming, of Lihavius. Tin, muriate of — 1.
(yenital. Sperm — 1. of Hartshorn, volatile. Tjiquor
volatilis cornu cervi — 1. Hydrargyri Bicliloridi,
Liquor hydrargyri oxymuriatis — 1. Hydrargyri
chloridi corrosivi, L. hydrargyri oxymuriatis —
1. Hydrargyri et arsenici iodidi, see Arsenic and
Mercury, iodide of.
Liquor Hydra r'gyri Nitrici, L. Tiellonti, (F.)
Umi tiierctirielle ou contre la qnnqr^ne, liemede
dn Due d'Antin, R. dii C'ipnein, { fff/drnrf/. 120
p., aeid nitr. {?>'^°.) 150 p. Dissolve, and add to
the solution rf/«^i7/''fi? lO'i/er, 900 p. Ph. P.) Dose,
two or three drops in a glass of water. Not much
used.
LiQiTOR HYnRAR'GYRi Oxymuria'tis, L. Hi/-
dror'fji/ri Chlo'ridi corroni' oi seu Hi/drar'fji/ri
bichlu'ridi, Solit'tion of Oxymu' riate of Mercury,
Liquor Sicietenis seu Syphilit'icun Turnevi, Mii'-
riiia hi/driiri/yri npiritno'sns liq'uiduH, Sohilio
Mnrid'tin lit/ilr(ir'</i/ri oxyjenati. Liquor or Solii.
tion of Corro'xive Suli'limate or of V<iu Su'ieteu.
{Hyd. o.rym., ttmmon. niuriiit. aa gr. x, iiipice de-
ntin. Oj, (Imp. meas.) Dissolve in the water and
add the spirit. Ph. P.) Dose, f^^^ss. or {7,y
Norton's Dropn, Greiu'n Drops, and Solomon'i
Anti-lmpctitf"ene!< — all nostrums — seem to be dis-
guised solutions of Corroaire Snhllinotc.
Liquor Hydrargyui Pkrnitratis. see Hy-
drargyri nitras — 1. Hydrargyri Supernitrnlis, see
Hydrargyri nitras — 1. Hydriodatis Arsenici et
Hydrargyri, Arsenic and mercury, iodide of — 1.
Intestinalis, Succus entericus.
Liquor Io'di.ni Compos'itus, (Ph. U. S. 1842.)
L. fodin'ii compoa'itua, (Ph. U. S. IS.'il,) Sohi'li,,
Potfis'sii lo'didi lodnre'ta, Compound Solution
of Iodine, Lu(/(d's Solution. (lodin. JJvj, Polrms.
iodid. ^iss. Aqua; dentillitt. Oj. Dissolve the
iodine and iodide of potassium in the water. — Ph.
U. S.) Dose, gtt. vj, ad xij, in sugared water.
LlQITOR LiTHAROYRI SuBACKTATIS, L. plllinbi
subacetatis — 1. Lithargyri subacctalis compositus,
Liquor plumbi subacetatis dilutus.
Liquor Ly.mph/f:, see Lymph.
Liquor ok Monro, Solution of Monro. A so-
lution, used by Monro for the preservation of
anatomical preparations. It was composed of
alcohol at 22° or 24°, with a drachm of nitrio
acid to each pint.
Liquor Morgaon'it. The small quantity of
fluid contained within the capsule of the crystal-
line lens.
IjIQUOR MorPH'I^ AcETA'tIS, Solution of Aee-
tate if Morphia, An'odyne Drops. (Acetiile of
morphia, ^\v, distilled water, Oj. (Imp. meas.),
Spirit, lenuior. Oss, (Imp. meas.) Ph. L.), acetic
acid, TT\^xv. Dose, from six to twenty-four drops.
Liquor Mor'piii^ 'S'ivn^A'Tia, Solution of Mu'-
riate of Morph' in. (Jforphia; viuriitt. ^\v, aq.
destill((t. Oj. (Imp. meas.) Sp. fenuior,Oi"'. (IiPp.
meas.) Ph. L.) Dose, from 6 to 20 mimims.
Liquor Mor'phi^ Sui,piia'tis, Solution if Sul-
phate of 3T<irphia. (Morphia sniphnt. gr. viij,
aqu(B destillat. Oss. Dissolve the sulphate of
morphia in the water. — Ph. U. S.) Dose, fjj to
f^^ij — containing from an eighth to a quarter of a
grain.
Liquou Muci, see Mucus — 1. Natri Oxymuria-
tici, L. SodfB chlorinata3 — 1. Nervinus Eangii,
Tinctura a?therea camphorata — 1. Oleosus Sylvii,
Spiritus amraoitiae aromaticus — 1. Opii sedativus,
(Haden's,) see Tinctura opii.
Liquor Opii Sedati'vus. An empirical pre-
paration by a London druggist of the name of
Battley. It is said to be an aqueous solution
of opium, evaporated to dryness to get rid of
the acid resin, re-dissidved in water, and a small
portion of alcohol added to give it permanence.
— Redwood. It is devoid of many of the uurcolie
effects of opium.
Liquor Ovi Alrus. Albumen ovi — 1. Pancrea-
ticus, see Pancreas — 1. Pericardii, see Pericar-
dium— 1. Plumbi aeetatis, L. P. subacetatis — 1.
Plumbi diacetatis. Liquor Plumbi subacetatis.
Liquor Plumbi Si'B\f'KTA'Tis, L. Suhnntutin
Lithnr'fiyri seu Plumhi Arela'tis seu PInmhi
Dinceta'tis, Goulard's E.rtrae'tum Sntui-'ni, Li-
thar';/yri Aee'tum, Arc'tum plum'bieum sen aalnr-
ni'num. Solution of Suhoeetale of Lend, (F.)
Liqueur de sous-acetate de Plonib. [Plumb, neel.
5xvj, Plumb, arid, semirltr. in pulv. subtil.
I^ixss, aq. destiUnt. Oiv. Boil together in a glass
or porcelain vessel, for half an hcnir. occasionally
adding distilled water, so as to preserve the mea-
sure. Filter through paper, and keep the solu-
tion in closely-stopped bottles.— Ph. U. S.) It is
LIQUOR
547
LISTS
tiseJ externally as a cooling astringent, and dis-
culieiit, when diluted with distilled water.
LiQiion Plumbi Sijbackta'tis Dilu'tus, L.
Siibiiccln'tii Lith(ir'i/i/ri Compos' itni, L. Pliimhi
acelii'tlii dllii'lim, L. I'lumbi Vidceta'tin (Ulu'tiia,
Are'tdn Pliinibi dilii'ticm alcohol'icum, Dilated So-
In'tioii of Siibac" elate of Lend, Aqua Satiirni seu
ieii"eto-miiiera'liii seu Plitiiibi seu Goidar'di
tea Lilli.(ir'gi/ri Aeeta'ti coiiipos'iln, Tinctn'ra
jihiiidio'Hii, Lead water, Gonlnrd water, (F.) Eon
Uniielie, Rail de Goulard, Ean vegeto-minerale,
'White Wanh, Royal Preventive. [Liq. phiiiibi
mbaeet. f.^ij, oqiieB dcHlillat. Oj. Ph. U. S.)
Properties the same as the last, but feebler.
LiQUon PoTAs's/E, Aqua Potas'sce seu Kali
Caiiil'iei seu Kali pari, Solution of Potash or of
Piitamn, Lixiv'iuin magixtra'le seu Sapona'rium,
Siiiip LecH, Soap Ley, Lijciv'iiim can'stioitii, Po-
tiiH'mi liq'iiida, (F.) Eaii, S'diitiou ou liqueur de
PiUaase, Potaisc liquide, Lenvive den Sai^oiiniere.
(PotaKH(B curb. Ibj, cnlcis. tbss, aqiitp dentill. fer-
vent, congium. Dissolve the alkali in Oij of the
water, and add the remainder of the lime. Mix
tlie wlidle: set aside in a close vessel, and, when
cold, filter through calico.) It is antilithic in
eases of uric acid calculi, and antacid. Extern-
ally, stimulant and escharotic. Dose, gtt. x
to xs.
Liquor Potass^ Ausemtis, L. flrsenicalis —
1. Potassaj Carbonatis, L. P. SuI)carbonatis.
LiQiiOK PoTASS/K Citiia'tis, Solution of Citrate
of Pottissa, Neutral Mixttire, Saline Mixture.
(Sticc. Limon, Oss, Polann. liicarbouat. q. s.) sa-
turate by the carbonate of potassa, and filter; or,
Aeid. Citric. ,^ss ; 01. Limon. VC\^. ij ; Aqucp, Oss,
Pi>taH». liicarbouat. q. s. ; dissolve, saturate by
the carbonate of potassa, and filter. Ph. U. S.)
Used in fever, but probablj' of little or no efficacy.
Liquor Potass^e Subcarbona'tis, L. Pofaxsa;
Carbonatis (Ph. U. S.), Aqua Kali sou Kali prce-
pnroti seu Subcarbouatin Kali, O'leuni Tar'tari
■jier deliq'uium, Lixiv'ium Tartar!, Oil nf Tartar,
Sfiline oil of Tartar, Solu'tion of Subcar'bonate
of Potanna, (F.) Liqueur de soua-carhonale do Po-
liinie, Lemive de Tartre, Huile de Tartre par <l<'-
fniUauce. (Potass, subcar. Ihj, aqua: destillaf.
f,^xij. Dissolve and filter. Ph. U. S.) Dose,
git. X to XXX.
Liquor Potassii Iodidi Cojipos'itus. Com-
piiund Solution of Iodide of Potassi>im. (Potas-
sii iodid. gr. X, lodin. gr. v, aqua destillat. Oj.
(Imp. meas.) Ph. L.) Dose, f.^j.
Liquor, Puopagatohy, Sperm — 1. Prostatious,
Prostatic liquor, see Prostate — I. Puris. ses Pu«.
Liquor Saxg'uinis-. Blood liquor, (F.) Liqueur
du Sang. A term given by Dr. B. Babington to one
of the constituents of the blood, the other being
the red particles. It is the Hcp.matoplas'ma, tlie
Pliisnia, of Schultz, Lymph, Coaijulable or plantic
Lymph, the Mucago or Mueilage of Harvey, Hew-
son and others, and the intercellular fluid of Leh-
mann, (F.) Lymphe plastiquc ou coagulahle. Sue
iionrricier, and is the effused material from which
the cells obtain the constituents of the different
tissues and secretions. See Blood.
Liquor of Scarpa, Vitrine auditive. \
Liquor Skm'inis. The homogeneous, transpa- I
rent fluid, in which the spermatozoids and semi- |
nal srranulos arc contained. See Sperm. |
Liqiou Sod.k, L. Sodte Caustiea:, Solu'tion of |
So/ill, Solu'tion of Caustic Soda. (Prepared, like I
Liquor Potassa\ from Carbonate of Soda.) I
Liquor Sod.b Carboxa'tis, Sohition of Car- ''\
hnnate of S'tda. (Sodep carbon. ,^iss, (avoirdu- [i
)>i>is): Aquee dentithit. Oj. (Imp. meas.) Ph. D.)
Dose, as an antacid, one to two tablespoonfuls,
dihitfil with water. j
Liquor Son.E CiiLORini. L. sodie chlorinatne. |
LiQuou SoDJi Chloiuna't.e, L. sodcB chlu'ridi
sou 8od(B oxymuriat'icm seu chlore'ti natriscu cJiJo~
rureti natri seu chloreti sodcB seu chlorure'ti sodas,
seu natri o.rymuriat'ici, A^atrum cliloia'tum liq'-
vidum, Aqua natri oxyuiuriat'ici, I^tdjarraque'a
Disinfecting Liquid, Solution of Chlorinated
Soda. (Calcis Chloriuut. tbj ; SodcB Carbonaf.
Ibj ; AqucB cong. iss. Dissolve the carbonate of
soda in three pints of the water, with the aid of
heat. To the remainder of the water add, by
small portions at a time, the chlorinated lime,
previously well triturated, stirring the mixture
after each addition. Set the mixture by for se-
veral hours, that the dregs may subside; decant
the clear liquid, and mix it with the solution of
carbonate of soda. Lastly, decant the clear li-
quor from the precipitated carbonate of lime, pass
it through a linen cloth, and keep it in bottles
secluded from the light. — Ph. U. S.) Used in the
same cases as the chloride of lime. Internally,
10 drops to a fluidrachm, for a dose. Diluted
with water, it is an excitant and disinfectant in
various morbi exierni.
Liquor SoiiyF, Eki'hrvescens, Acidulous wa-
ter, simple — 1. SodiB Oxymnriaticae. L. sorlaa
chlorinatas — 1. Stypticiis Ruspini, Styptic, Rus]ii-
ni's — 1. Sulphuricus Alcoolisatus, Spiritus ictheris
sulphurici — 1. Swietenis. L. hydrargyri oxymu-
riatis — 1. Sj'philiticus Turneri. L. hydrargyri
oxyinuriatis — 1. Tartari einetici, Vinum antimonii
tartarizati — 1. of \'au Swieten, L. hydrargyri
oxymuriatis.
Liquor Voi.at'ilis Cohnu Ckrvi, L. rolnt'ilii
Cornu Cerri'ui, L. volat'ilis ot'sium, Yol'atHe
Liquor of Hartshorn, Spir'itus Ijumbrico' rum seu
ilillrpeda'rum »euCoruu Cervi, Hartshorn, Spirit
of Hartshorn, Bone Spirit, (F.) Liqueur volatile
de Come de cerf. This is a solution of subcar-
bonate of ammonia, impregnated with empyreu-
matio oil. It possesses the same virtues as tho
sulicarbonate of ammonia. It is in common use
to smell at, in faintings, &c.
Liquor Volatims Ossiu.m. L. volatilis cornii
cervi — 1. Zinci Chloridi, see Burnett's Disinfect-
ing Liquid.
Liquor Zinci Siti,i>ha'tis cum CAMPn'oRA,
Aqua Zinci ritriola'ti cum Cmnphord seu vi-
triol'ica camphora'ta seu ophfhal'mica. Common
Eye Water. (Zinci sulpli. ^»s, camphor, ^ij,
aq. butlient. Oij; dissolve and filter.) Used as ii,
lotion for ulcers; or, diluted with water, as a col-
lyrium.
LIQUORICE. Glycyrrhiza — 1. Bosh, Abrus
precatorius — 1. Juice, see Glycyrrliiza.
Liquorick, REFiN'En, Extractum glycj'rrhizfe
— 1. Spanish, see (Jlycyrrhiza — 1. Wild, Aralia
nudicaulis, Galium circa;zans.
LIQUORITIA. Glvcvrrhiza.
LIRIODEX'DROX. from Xipio^ 'lily or tulip,'
and Scf^pov, 'tree.' L. tuliplf'era, Tnlipifcnt
Liriodcu'dron, Old wife's shirt. Tulip or I'oplar
Tree, Tu/ip-bearing or America)i Poplar, White
Wood, Ci/press Tree, (New England.) (F.) Tuli.
pier. The hark — Liriodendron (Ph. U. S.) —
especially of the root, of this noble forest tree,
which is indigenous in the United States, is a
strong aromatic bitter, and has been employed
advantageously as a tonic. An active princiyile
was separated from it by Professor J. P. Emmet
of the University of Virginia, and has been called
Lirioden'drin. It is not used in medicine.
LIS BLANC, Lilium camV\>.h\m— I. Asphodele,
Asphodelus ramosus — /. dcs Etangs, Nymphaea
alba.
LISETIOX, r7/?.l.V/5. Convclvnlus sepinm —
/. des Haies, Convolvulus sepiuiu — /. .Vichameek,
Convolvulus panduratus.
LI.^K, Inguen.
LISTS, Flanks.
LISTON'S ISINGLASS PLASTER 548
LITIIOTIIRYrSIS
LISTON'S ISINGLASS PLASTER, see Spa-
radrnpuiu adliae.'^ivuin.
LITE, Xtrri. A plaster, formerly made of ver-
difjris. wax, and resin. — Galen.
LTTUAGOGECTASIA, Lithecta?y.
LITIIAGO'GUM, from ><9of, 'a stone,' and
ayw, 'I e.xpel.' A remedy which was supposed
to possess the power of expelling calculi. Also,
a lithotomy forceps.
LITHANTHRAX, Carbo fossilis.
LITHANTHROKOKALL Anthrakokali.
LITHARGE, Plunibi oxydum semivitreum — 1.
of Gold, see Plumbi oxydum semivitreum — 1. of
Silver, see Plumbi oxydum semivitreum.
LITHARGYRI ACETUM, Liquor plumbi sub-
acetntis.
LITIIARGYRUM, Plumbi oxydum semivi-
treum.
LITIIARGYRUS, Plumbi oxydum semivi-
treum.
LITHAS, Urate.
LITHATE, Urate— 1. of Soda, Urate of soda.
LITHEC'TASY, Lithecta'sia, Lilha(jm/ect<i'>iia,
Lt'thudeeta'sia, from Ai9oj, ■ a stone,' and CKTuaif,
'dilatation;' Oi/itec'tast/. An operation which
consists in extracting stone from the bladder by
dilating the neck of the organ, after making an
incision in the perineum, and opening the mem-
branous portion of the urethra.
LITII'IA, Lithi'nuh, Lithogen'io, T/ri'dHi's,
Uralfthi' finis, Uncher'itt cnlculo'nn, Cdlcii'li 3lor-
huR, Lapilla'tio, Oenera'tin ciil'culi, from XiOoj, 'a
.■■tone.' The formation of stone, gravel, or con-
cretions in the human body. Also, an affection
in which the eyelids are edged with small, hard,
and stone-like concretions.
LiTll'lA, Car'bo.vatk of, Lith'icp, Cnr'honnn,
Lith'ium Carbon' iciiiii, (F.) Cnrlxniatc de Litlitne.
A salt found in certain mineral waters, which
have been serviceable in lithuria. Hence, it has
been suggested in that morbid condition.
LiTHTA Rbn'alis Akenosa, Gravel — 1. Renalis,
Nephrolithiasis — 1. Vesicalis, Calculi, vesical.
LITHIyE CARBONAS, Lithia, carbonate of.
LITHIASIS, Lithia — 1. Cystica, Calculi, ve-
sical— 1. Nephritica, Gravel, Nephrolithiasis.
Lithi'asis Pulmo'num, Pidmo'ncs Uirtarizu'ti.
The formation of concretions in the lungs, occa-
sioning at times Litho-phthi' ais, Phthisis calctdo'sa,
Phlhinie cnlciileuse, of Bayle.
LiTHiAsis Rknalis Arenosa, Gravel — 1. Re-
nalis, Nephrolithiasis — 1. Vesicalis, Calculi, ve-
sical.
LITIIIC, Lith'icHS. Belonging to lithic or
iiric acid, or to stone : hence Lithie Diath'csis.
Also, an antilithic.
Lithic Acid, Uric acid — 1. Acid diathesis, Li-
thuria— 1. Diathesis, Lithuria — 1. Sediments, see
Lithuria.
LITHTNE, CARBONATE DE, Lithia, car-
bonate of.
LITHIUM CARBPNICUM, Lithia, carbon-
ate of.
LITHIURTA, Lithuria.
LTTHOCENOSIS, Lithotrity.
LITHOCYSTOTOMY, Lithotomy.
LITIIOCLAST, see Lithotrity.
LITIIOCLASTIA, Lithotrity.
LITHODECTASIA, Lithectasy.
LITHODIAL'YSIS, from XiOoj, 'a stone,' and
hoKvu), 'to dissolve.' The dissolving of a stone
in the bladder.
LITHODRAS'SIC, Lithodras'sicm. (F.) Litho-
drassiqne, from 'SiQoi, 'a stone,' and Spaaaeiv, 'to
seize hold of.' An epithet given to a form of
stone forceps — Pince UthodrasHiqnc — used in the
operation of lithotrity, by MM. Meirieu and
Tanchou.
LITHOGENIA, Lithia.
LITIIOID, Lilho'des, Lithoi'des; from XiOoj.
'stone,' and ik^uj, 'resemblance.' Of tlie nature
of stone, or resembling stone : as
LITHOiDES OS, see Temporal bone.
LITHOLABE (F.), LIthol'ahnm, from h6o{.
'a, stone,' and Xaliuy, Au;t/3u»u), 'I seize hold ol.'
An instrument, employed for laying nold of a
stone in the bladder, and keeping it fixed, so liial
lithotritic instruments can act upon it.
LITIIOLABON, Forceps, (Lithotomy.)
LITIIOL'AISUM, from XiOos, 'a stunc,' mid
Xafjffavu), 'I seize.' An instrument concerned in
extracting stone from the bladder. It liad vii-
rious shapes. — Fabricius ab Aquapendente, Ilil-
danus.
LITH'OLYTE, from \iOos, 'a stone,' and Xuu,
'I dissolve.' An instrument, of tlie calhelor
kind, for conveying solvents of calculi, into the
bladder.
LITIIOLY'TIC, Lithontriptic.
LITIIOME'TRA, from Xi^of, 'a stone,' and
Itrirpa, 'the uterus.' Osseous, or other concretions
of tlie uterus.
LITIIONEPHRITIS, see Nephritis.
LITIIONLYTIC, Lithontriptic.
LITIIONTHRYPTIC, Lithontriptic.
LITIIONTRIP'TIC, Liihoutrip'ticus, Llihm,.
thri/p'tic, Lilhohjt'ic, Lithoiili/l' ic, Ciih-idif niiiiix,
Sa.ri/'rai/tis, from XiOo;, 'a stone,' and Biivvtw, 'I
break in pieces.' A remedy believed to be capa-
ble of dissolving calculi in the urinary passages.
There is not much reliance to be placed upon
such remedies. By nnti/ilhics, exhibited accord-
ing to the chemical character of the calculus (see
Calculi, urinary,) the disease may be prevented
from increasing; but most of the vaunted lithon-
triptics for dissolving the calculus already forincil
have been found unworthy of the high enco-
miums which have accompanied their intro-
duction.
LITHOPiE'DION, /»/«»« Inpid'em, O^lmpm'-
dion, from Xt&of, 'a stone,' and rraij, Ttaifios, 'a
child.' A foetus, petrified in the body of the
mother.
LITHOPII'AGUS, from Xifiof, 'a stone,' and
(jiayo), 'I eat.' A stone-eater. Cases are on re-
cord of persons who have swallowed stones for
purposes of exhibition.
LITIIOPHTHISIS, see Calculi, pulmonary,
and Lithinsis pulmonum.
LirHOPRINlE. Lithotrity.
LITHOPUIONE, from Xiflof, 'a stone.' and
vpiojv, 'a saw.' An instrument proposed by M.
Leroy for preventing the fragments of a calculu*,
when subjected to lithotrity, from falling into the
bladder. It is a variety of litjioliibe.
LITHOP/USIE. Lithotrity.
LirHORINEUR, from xi9oj, 'a stone,' and
Qiviiv, 'to file.' An instrument, proposed by MM.
Meirieu and Tanchou for filing down calculi in
the bladder.
LIT H OS, Cnl cuius.
LITIIOSPER'MUM OFFICINA'LE, Jlil'imn
S(din, JEijim'ychon, Gfominell, Pnstnni Al'hmet,
Litlfe-irale, (F.) Gremil nfficiiud, Ilinhe "iij- I'erhx.
Ord. Boraginea;. The seeds of this plant were
formerly supposed, from their stony hardness,
(XiHos, 'a stone,' and (TTSp/iu, 'seed,') to be effica-
cious in calculous affections. They have, also,
been considered diuretic.
LirnosPEH-iiuM Viij.osuM, Anchusa tinctoria.
LITIIOTERE'TIIRUM, from Xi9«f, 'stone,'
and T€(iciv, 'to rub.' A lithotritor.
LirHOTIILIBlE {¥.), from X<0,v5. 'stone,' and
5Xi/?ij, 'I crush.' The crushing of a friable c;il-
culus between a finger, passed by the rectum or
vagina as far as the bnu-foitd of the bladder, and
a catheter introduced into the bladder.
LITUOTIIRYPSIS, Lithotrity.
LITIIOTHRYPTORS
549
LITHOTOMY
LITIIOTHRYPTORS, see Lithotrity.
LI TUG TO ME, Lithoi'omiis, from Ac5o{, 'a
tfone,' T£//yoi), 'I cut,' and to/ii;, 'an incit^ion.'
This uauie has been given to a number of instru-
ments of different shapes and sizes, which are
Ui^ed in the operation for tlie stone, to cut the
neelt or body of the bladder. They ought, with
more propriety, to be called Ci/ilotomen.
The Lithotome Cache of Frere Come is the
most known, and is still oceasicmally used. It
is composed of a handle, and a flattened sheath,
.slii^htly curved : in this there is a cutting blade,
which can be forced out, by pressing upon a has-
eiile or lever, to any extent that may be wished
by the operator.
A IJiiiihle Llihotome was used by Dupuytren
in his hiliiteral ojieration. See Lithotomy.
LITIIOT'OMLST. Same etymon. Lifhot'o-
iiiiiH. One who devotes himself entirely to ope-
rating for the stone. One who practises litho-
tomy.
LITIIOT'OMY, Lithofom'in, Cijutntnm'ia, Uro-
!!tliol(i)ii'i(i, Sectio vmlcii'lis, Litltoci/Ktot'oiiii/.
Slime etymon. (F.) Tailte. The operation by
which a stone is extracted from the bladder. The
different methods, according to which this opera-
tion may be practised, are reducible to five prin-
cipiil ; each of which has experienced numerous
luodifications.
1. The Method of Cchim, Meth'odiin Cehia'nn,
Cystotom'ia cinn nppnrn'tii parro, Apparn'tun
Jlliior, Ciillitiij on the Gripe. This consisted in
cutting npon the stone, after having made it pro-
ject at the perinasum by means of the fingers
introduced into the rectum. This method was
attended with several inconveniences; such as
the ditficulty of dividing the parts neatly, injury
(lone to the bladder, as well as the impossibility
of drawing down the stone in many persons. It
is sometimes, also, called Mcth'oduH Giiytonui'nn ;
from Guy de Chauliac having endeavoured to
remove from it the discredit into which it had
fallen in his time. It was termed Appnmtns Mi-
ii'ir, (F.) Le petit appnreil, from the small num-
ber of instruments required in it.
2. AppnriitiiK Miijot: This method was in-
vented, in 1520, by John de Romani, a surgeon
of Cremona, nnd communicated by him to Mari-
ano-Santo-di-l?:irletta, whence it was long called
Mariano's Method, Sec'tio Mari<i'na. It was
called, also. Apparatus Major, and Cyntotnm'in
seu Meth'oduH cum apparii'tu uinf/iio, (F. ) Le r/raud
appnreil, from the number of instruments re-
([iiired in it. An incision was made on the me-
dian line; but the neck of the bladder was not
comprehended in it. It was merely dilated. The
greater apparatus was liable to many inconveni-
ence!*, such as eechyinoses; contusion: inflam-
nnition of the neck of the bladder; abscesses;
urinary fistuUe ; incontinence of urine ; impo-
tence, (fee.
3. The Iliijh Operation, Apparatus altus, Cys-
t'llom'in cum appnratu alto, C. lli/p'igas'tricn,
Lpicystotom' ia, Laparoejiitotom' ia, Sevlio sou
Meth'<idus_ Frauconin'nn, S. Ifi/poi/im'trira seu
tdtn, (F.) llnut appareil, Taille Hi/p()</nstri<jue,
faille mis-puhienne, was first practised by Peter
Franco, about the middle of the 16th century.
It Consisted in pushing the stone above the pubis
by the fingers introduced into the rectum. Rous-
set afterwards proposed to make the bladder rise
above the pubis by injecting it. The method bad
fallen into discredit, when FrSre Come revived it.
It is used when the calculus is very large. It
was practised by opening first the mem1)ranous
part of the urethra upon the catheter passed into
the canal. Through this incision, the Sonde d
dard — a species of catheter, having a spear-
puinted stilet — was introduced into the bladder.
An incision was then made into the linea alba,
above the symphysis pubis, of about four or five
fingers' breadth, and the peritoneum detached
to avoid wounding it. The stilet was pushed
through the bladder, and used as a director for
the knife, with which the bladder was divided
anteriorly, as far as the neck : and the stone ex-
tracted. It was performed in England by Dou-
glass, in 1719, and since by others, with various
modifications.
4. The Lat'eral Operation, Ilijpocysteotom' ia,
Ci/stolom'ia latera'lia, Ci/sfunchenotoin'ia, Cysto-
trachclotom'ia, UrethrocyHtauchenotoni'ia, Ure-
throcyHeotracheloloni'ia, Sec'tio lutera'lis, Appu-
ru'tus lutera'lis, (F.) Appareil liiterallse, so
named from the prostate gland and neck of tho
bladder being cut laterally, was probably in-
vented by Peter Franco. It was introduced into
France by Frere Jacques de Beaulieu. lie per-
formed it with rude instruments, invented by
himself, and improved by the suggestions of some
of the Parisian surgeons. In England, it re-
ceived its earliest and most impcjrtant improve-
ments from the celebrated Cheselden. It is the
method practised at the present day, according
to different modes of i)rocedure. In this method,
the patient is ])laced upon a table ; his legs and
thighs are bent and separated ; the hands being
tied to the feet. The perinivum is then shaved,
and a staff is introduced into the bladder; tho
handle being turned towards the right groin of
the patient. An oblique incision is now made
from the raphe to the middle of a line drawn
from the anus to the tuberosity of the ischium
of the left side; and, taking the staff for a guide,
the integuments, areolar tissue of the perina:um,
membranous portion of the urethra, transversus
perinai muscle, bulbo-eavcrnosus, some fibres of
the levator ani, the prostate and neck of the
bladder, are successively divided. For this latter
part of the operation, the knife, the beaked bis-
toury, Bistouri ou Lithotome Cache, cutting gor-
get, &o., is used, according to the particular pre-
ference. The forceps are now introduced into
the bladder, and the stone extracted. In tho
operation, care must be taken not to injure tho
rectum, or the great arterial vessels, distributed
to the perinaum.
A variety of the Lateral Apparatus, called by
the French Appareil lateral, consisted in cutting
into the hns-fond of the bladder, without touch-
ing the neck of that organ ; but it was soon
abandoned, on account of its inconveniences.
The method of Le Cat and of Pajola — Urethra-
cysteo-nneurysmatotom'ia — consists in dividing
the prostate in part onl}', — the enlargement
of the wound being effected by a peculiar
dilator.
The Bilat'eral Operation is founded on that of
Celsus. It consists in making an incision poste-
rior to the bulb of the urethra, and anterior to
the anus, involving both sides of the perinasuni
by crossing the raphe at right angles: an incision
is then made through the niemliranous part of
the urethra, and the prostate maj' be cut bilate-
rally, either with the double lithotome of Dupuy-
tren, or the prostatic bisector of Dr. Stevens, of
New York.
5. Lithotomy hy the Rectum. Proctocystofom'ia,
Sec'tio reclo-vesiva'lis, (F.) 'J'aille par la Rectum,
Taille pasterieure, T. Recto-resicale. This was
proposed by YeRetius in the 16th centurj'; but
it was never noticed until 51. Sanson, in the year
1S17, attracted attention to it: since whi(di timo
it has been successfully performed in many in-
stances. It consists in penetrating the bladder
through the paries corresponding with the rec-
tum, by first cutting the spinchter ani and rectum
about the root of the penis, and penetrating tho
LITnOTRESIS
55 0
LTVER
bliiddcr by the neck of that organ, dividing the I
prostnto, — or by its bas-fond.
Lithotomy in women, from the shortness of the
urethra, is a oimiparatively insignificant operation.
TiiTiioTOMY BY THB Rkctum, See Lithotomy — L
by the Vnijina, see Lithotomy.
LITTIOTRESIS, Lithotritv.
LITIIOTRIPSIS. Lithotrity.
LITHOTKIPSV. Lithotrity.
LITHOTIUl'TORS, see Lithotrity.
LfrifOT/UTKS, see Lithotrity.
LTTIIOTHirEURS, see Lithotrity.
LITllOTRITOR, see Lithotrity.
LITIIOT'RITY, LiiJioiri'tia, Lkhotryp'sy,
Lithiitripnii, Litliothrip'fjj, Lifhothri/pnis, Litho-
tre'niii, Lithotrip«in, Lithoreno'sh, Lithoclux'tin,
Lithoprlnie, Lifhnprim'e, (F.) liroi erne lit de la
Pierre, from \tSoi, 'a stone,' and rfiifiu), ' I break.
The operation of breakinir, bruising or sawing
the stone in the bladder. It has been performed,
of late years, with success, by French, and, after
them, by English and American surgeons. The
instruments employed for this purpose are called,
in the abstract, Lithotritrfi, Lilhatriteiirs, Lithat'-
ritors, LillKitriptom, Lithalhryplnrs, Lithotrype'tcE
and Lifhocl'tniH. The most celebrated are those
of Civiale, Jacobson, Heurteloup and Weiss. See
Brise-Pierre articide ; and Perciiteur d JIartean.
LITIlOTRYPI'rriE, see Lithotrity.
LITHOXIDU'RIA, from .XiOof, 'a stone,' ox-
■ide, and ovpov, 'urine.' Tiie discharge of urine
contjiinin<j lithic or xanthic oxide.
LITHU'RIA, L!t.Ji!ii'r!fi, Lithurc'xi^, LHlion.
rorrhee (Piorry) ; from XiOoq, 'a stone,' and oviiov,
'urine.' Lithic, or Lithii: Acid, Diatlienin, The
condition of the system and of the urine in which
deposits of lithic acid and the lithates — Lithic
seditiieiits or concretions — lake place in the urine.
See Urine.
LITllUS, Calculus.
LIT.MUS, Lichen roccella.
LITRA, Pound.
LITRE, Litrn. A measure containing a cubed
decimetre, which is equal nearly to 2.1135 pints.
The ancients gave the name litra, XtTpa, to a mea-
sure eapablc of containing 16 ounces of liquid.
LITS.EA CUBEBA, Piper cubeba — L Pipe-
rita, Piper euheha.
LITTLE-WALE, Lithospermum officinale.
LITUS, Liniment.
LIVECHE, Ligusticum levisticum.
LIVER, Sax. lipep, Hcpnr, Jenur, Jee"inn8,
(F.) Foie. The liver is the largest gland in the
body. It is an azygous organ : unsyminetrical ;
very heavy ; and of a brownish-red colour ; oc-
cupying the whole of the right hypochondrium,
and a part of the epigastrium. Above, it corre-
sponds to the diaphragm ; below, to the stomach,
transverse colon, and right kidney; behind, to
the vertebral column, aorta, and vena cava; and
he/ore, to the base of the chest. Its upper sur-
face is convex ; the lower, irregularly convex and
concave, so that anatomists have divided the
organ into three lobes, — a large or ri(;ht or eo//c
lobe; — -a leaner lobe, lobule, or inferior lobe, the
Lob'itliiK Spif/e'lii, — and a middle or left lobe. At
its inferior surface, are observed: — 1. A Sulciia
or Fiirrqw or Fimnre, called horizontal or lonr/i-
tudinol or great Jivsiire, Foan't Umbilica'lis, (F.)
Sillon horizontal, longitudinal ou de la veine om-
hilicale, Sideui antero-poxterior Jee' nrin seu hnri-
zonta'lia Jec'oriH sen longitudina'lin Jecorin seu
sinis'ter Jecoris sou Uinbilica'lin, which lodges, in
the foetus, the umbilical vein and ductus venosus.
2. The Princip(d Finnnre, termed Snlcus Trans-
vernun, Fosna transrer'na. Transverse foRin, Sinita
Porta'rnm, Porta, P. seu ]\fiinns Jec'orig sen He'-
jiatis Fossa or Fissure of the Vena j^orta, Portal
FtHs'nre or Fossa, (F.) Sillon transversal on de la
veine parte, which receives the sinus of the vena
porta. 3. The Fissure of the Vena Cava infe'rior,
Sillon de la veine cave inferienre, situate at tiic
posterior margin of the organ, and l<id;;ing the
vena cava inferior. 4. The Lobnlns Spigv Hi, or
posterior portal eminence. 5. The anterior portal
eminence, Anri'ga seu Lobnliis aiioii'i/mns. (i.
Depressions corresponding to the upper smfaco
of the stomach, gall-bladder, arch of (lie colon,
right kidney, &c. Continued from the fossa iiin-
bilicalis is a small fossa, called Foxsa Dnrlikn IV-
no'si, between the left lobe and Lobuhis Spi};clii.
The posterior margin of the liver is very thiol;;
much more so than tlie anterior. The liver is
surrounded by a serous or peritoneal covering,
which forms for it a suspensory or broad ligament
and two lateral and triangular li;;a!nents. See
Falx. The l)lood-vosscls of the liver are very
numerous. The hepatic artery and vena porta
furnish it with the lilood necessary for it.-i nutri-
tion and the secretion of bile. The hepatic veins
convey away the blood, which has served those
purposes. The lymphatic vessels are very nume-
rous ; some being superficial ; others ilecp-scatcii.
The nerves are, also, numerous, and proceed from
the pneumogastric, diaphragmatic, and from the
hepatic plexuses.
The intimate structure of the parenchyma of
the liver has been well studied. When cut, it ]ne-
sents a porous appearance, owing to the division
of a multitude of small vessels. When torn, it
seems formed of granulations: — the intimate
structure of which lias given rise to many liypo-
theses. In these granulations are containeii tlie
radicles of the excretory ducts of the bile: tlio
union of which constitutes the hepatic duct. Ak-
cording to Mr. Kiernan, the intimate structure
consists of a number of loljulcs — hepatic tohvlni,
hepatic islets — composed of intndolinlar or he-
patic veins, which convey the blood back that
has been inservient to the secretion of bile. The
interlobular plexus of veins is formed by brandies
of the vena porta, which contain both the blood
of the vena porta and of the hepatic artery ; both
of which, according to Mr. Kiernan, furnish the
pabulum of the biliary secretion. The hiliary
ducts form likewise an interlobular plexus, having
an arrangement similar to that of the inter-
lobular veins. Mr. Kiernan's views are embraced
by many anatomists; but are denied hy some.
The liver is the only organ, which, inilcpen-
dently of the red blood carried to it by the hepa-
tic artery, receives black blood by the vena porta.
The general opinion is, that the vena porta is the
fluid which furnishes bile, whilst that of the artery
affords blood for the nutrition of the liver. It is
probable, however, that bile is secreted from the
blood of the latter vessel. Besides bile the liver
forms sug!ir, and is a great assimilating organ.
The liver is liable to a number of diseases.
The principal are — Ihpati'tis or injlammation,
cancer, biliary calculi, encysted and other tumours
or tubercles, hydatids, &c. ; and it has, at times,
been the fashion to refer to it as th^ cause of
symptoms with which it is no wise connected.
Liver, Hepar. Under this name the ancients
designated several substances, having a browni-h
colour analogous to that of the liver; and com-
posed of sulphur and some other body. See Pu-
tassae Sulphuretum, Liver of Sulphur.
LivEH of Antimony is the seini-vitrcous sul-
phuret, &e.
LivfiR Disease, Ilepatopathia — 1. Fatty, Adi-
posis bepatica — 1. Gin, L. nutmeg — 1. Gin-drink-
ers', L. nutmeg — 1. Granulated, Cirrhosis of iho
liver.
LiVER-GnowN, Tu'mido jec'ore prce'dittn.
Having a large liver.
LIVIDUS MUSCULUS
551
LOBULUS
LiVKR, Hobnail, Cirrhosis of the liver — 1.
Mainmiilateil, Cirrhosis of the liver.
LiVKFl, NuTMKC, Hi-par vnriet/ii'tiim, Tu'beri-
form Ih-er. An appeiirance of the liver when cut
across, resembling that of the section of a nut-
ine;;, Myn'iilicd'tio he'pntii, supposed by &ome to
be the result of intemperance in the use of alco-
holic driril<s ; but occurring under other causes.
The terms lohisky liver, ijiii-dri ulcers' li'rer, and
gin liver, occasionally applied to it, are, conse-
quently, not distinctive.
LiVBii Scot, Chloasma.
LivKit, TiiuKKCULATKn, Cirrhosis of the liver
— 1. TuberiCorm, L. nutines-
LiVKii Wkkd, Hepatica triloba.
liiVKi!, WmsKV, Liver, nutmeg.
LiVKK Wort, Hepatica triloba, Marchantia po-
lyinoiplia — 1. Wort, ground, ash-coloured, Lichen
caninus — 1. Wort, Iceland, Lichen Islandicus —
1. Wort, noble, Hepatica triloba.
LIVIDUS MUSCULUS, Pcctinalis.
LIVOR, Suggillation — 1. Emortualis, see Sug-
gillatioii — 1. Sanguineus, see Ecchymoma.
L/VUR. Pound.
LIVllET, Omasum.
LIXIVIA TARTARIZATA, Potassiw tartras
— 1. Vitriolata, Potassai sulphas — 1. Vitriolata
sulpluirca, Potassae sulphas cum sulphure.
LIXIVIiE sea KALICUM ACETAS, Potassa;.
acetaa.
LIXIVIAL, Lixinio'sua, from lixivium, 'lee.'
(F.) Li.rivinl, LIxivienx. An ancient term for
salts obtained by washing vegetable ashes, — sueh
as the tixi'd alkalies.
L I X I V I A ' T I 0 N, E/ixivin'tioii, Lixiria'tio,
Snuie etymon. An operation which consists in
wa.shing wood-ashes with water, so as to dissolve
the soluble parts. The filtered liquor is the lee.
LIXIVIUM, Lixiv'io, Coii'in, Lee, Ley, Lye,
(F.) Lensive. Any solution containing potassa or
sodii — Sill lixiuio'sitm — in excess; from lix, 'lye.'
Lixivium Ammoniacale, Liquor ammoniae —
I. Ammoniacale aromaticum, Spiritus ammonias
iiroiiiaticus — 1. Causticum, Liquor potassas — 1.
Magistrale, Liquor potassse — 1. Saponarium, Li-
quor potassie — 1. Tartari, Liquor potassoe sub-
carbonatis.
LIXIVUS CINIS, Potash of commerce.
LIZARD, Lacer'td, Ltteer'tiis, said to be SO
called in consequence of its limbs resembling the
arras (lacerti) of man [?]. Saura, Sdiiron, (F.)
Lhard. Lizards were formerly employed in me-
dicine as sudorifics; and were, at one time, ex-
tolled in syphilis, cutaneous affections, and in
cancer.
LIZARD'S TAIL, Saururus cernuus.
LOADED, see Enduit.
LOADSTONE, Magnet.
LOATHING, Disgust.
LODARIA ISLANDICA, Lichen Islandicus
— 1. Pulmonaria, Lichen pulmonarius — 1. Saxa-
tilis, Lichen Sasatilis.
LOBE, LobuH. A round, projecting part of an
organ. The liver, lungs, and brain, for example,
have lobes.
Lobe'of the Ear, Lnh'ule of the Ear, is a soft,
roundeil prominence, which terminates the cir-
cumference of the pavilion inferiorly, and which
is pierced in those who wear rings.
The under .surface of the brain is divided into
two anterior, two lateral, two pnnlerior, .and two
intermediate ^>Jes or processeg. These Chaussier
calls lobules of the brain : the cerebral hemi-
spheres he terms lobes.
LoiiK, Bive.n'thal. A wedge-shaped lobe of
the cerebellum, situate behind the amygdala.
LOnE nOUDKXAL. Lobulus Spigelii — ?.
P'lnciSatiqiie, Lobulus Spigelii — /. Petit du foie,
Lobulus Spigelii — I. de Spigel, Lobulus Spigelii.
LOBELIA, BLUE, L. syphilitica.
Lobe'lia Cardina'lis, Lobelia coccin'ea, Tra-
che'lium Anieri'cauum, Car'dinal Plnvf, Car'di-
iial Flower, Scarlet Lobelia. Ord. Lobeliacea?,
This species is indigenous in the United States.
It blooms in autumn, having beautiful carmine
flowers. The root is a reputed anthelmintic with
the Indians.
Lobelia Coccinea, L. Cardinalis.
Lobelia Inpla'ta, Lidian or Wild Tobac'co,
Puke Weed, Axthnta Weed, Eyebri<jlit, Emet'ic
Weed, Ijobe'lia (I'h. U. S.). The prominent vir.-
tues of this American plant are those of an
emetic. In smaller doses it is sedative, and has
been given as a pectoral in croup, asthma, &c.
It is, also, sudorific and cathartic, and is an acro-
narcotic poison. Twenty grain? act as an emetic.
Lobelia, Palespiked, L. spicata.
Lobelia Pinifo'lia. A South African plant,
the root of which is excitant and diaphoretic.
A decoction of it is sometimes used in the Cape
Colony as a domestic remedy in cutaneous afi'ec-
tions, chronic rheumatism, and gout.
Lobelia, Scarlf.t, L. Cardinalis.
Lobelia Spica'ta, Palespiked Lobelia; indi-
genous : is a diuretic.
Lobelia Svimmlit'iCA, L. refle.r'a, liaimu'-
eidii9 Virr/iiiia')ti(8, Jiapitii'tiiim Syjiliilil' ieiini,
i nine Lobelia, Blue Car'dinal Flower. The root
of this plant, which is indigenous in the United
States, is an emetic and drastic cathartic. It has
been used in syphilis; hence its name. The
mode of preparing it is to boil ^ss of the dried
root in Oxij of water, until the fluid u reduced
to Oviij. Dose, Oss.
LOBES BIJUM-EAUX, Quadrigemn.a tuber-
cula — 1. Cerebral, see L<ibe.
Lobes of tue Liver, Pinna seu Zoti" seu Piu'~
nulcB He'patis. See Lobule.
Lobes, Optic, Quadrigemina tubercula — l.
Optiques, Quadrigemina tubercula.
LOBI HEPATIS, Lobes of the liver— L Pul-
monum, see Pulmo.
LOB'ULAR, Lobnla'ris. Same etymon as Lo-
bule. Relating to or belonging to a lobule: — a3
lobular pncumonin, (F.) Pueumonie lobiilaire, J'.
mamelonn^e, P. disseminee. Pneumonia anatomi-
cally characterized by nuclei of red or gray hepa-
tization disseminated in variable numbers in one
or both lungs.
Lobular Biliary Plexus. The plexus formed
of lobular hepatic ducts, which are derived chiefly
from the interlobular. This plexus forms the prin-
cipal part of the substance of the lobule.
Lobular Venous Plexus. The plexus inter-
posed between the interlobular portal veins, and
the intralobular hepatic vein.
LOB'ULE, Jjob'ulus, diminutive of lobus, 'a
lobe.' A little lobe. Mr. Kiernan uses the term
lobule, for the acinus of the liver of manj' anato-
mists.
Lobule of tiie Corpus Striatum, Insula ce-
rebri— 1. of the Ear, Lobe of the Ear — 1. of the
Fissure of Sylvius, Insula cerebri — /. du Foie, Lo-
bulus Spigelii — 1. of the Liver, see Liver — I. of the
Lung, see Pulmo — 1. Pneumogastric, Flocculus.
LOBULI, see Lobulus — 1. Pulmonales, see
Pulmo.
LOBULUS ACCESSORIUS ANTERIOU
QUADRATUS, L. anonymus.
Lob'ulus seu Lobus Anon'tmus, L. accesxo'-
rius ante'rior quadra'tus, L. qnndra'tns, (F.)
Eminence parte auterieure. This is situate in the
liver between the passage for the round ligament
and the gall-bladder, and is less prominent, but
broader, than the Lobulus eandatus. From the
lobulus anonymus a bridge runs across the pas-
sage for the round ligament. It is called Poiia
seu Isthmus he'patis.
LOBUS
552 LOISELEURIA TROCUMBENS
LoECLrs seu Lobus CAunA'Ttis, Pi-occh'suh
eftiidiitii8. This is merely the root or one of the
iingles of the lobulus Spij;eHi, adviinciii;^ towards
the middle of the lower side of the great lobe,
and represontint; a kind of tail. Also, the termi-
nation of the helix andanthelix of the ear, which is
separated from the concha by an extensive fissure.
Lon'i'Li's CioNtnA'Lis. A small lobule or |)ro-
minence of the superior vermiform process of the
cerebellum, situate in the incisura anterior.
LoBtiLUs Nasi, see Nasus — 1. Pneuraogastri-
cus, Flocculus — 1. Posterior, L. Spigelii — 1. Pos-
ticus papillatus, L. Spigelii — 1. Quadratus, L.
anonyinus — 1. Renum, Ferrein, pyramid of.
Lobulus seu IiObvuSi'ige'i.u, L. poeie'riorsea
j)oati'ci(8 pnpiltri'tnn, (F.) Miniiience pnrte ponte-
rienre, Lohtile ou Petit lobe du/oi'e, Lobe de Spi-
</el ou diiodeti'il ou pnncientiqtie, is situate near
the spine, upon the left side of the great lobe of
the liver, and is of a pyramidal shape, ))r()jecting,
like a nipple, between the cardia and vena cava,
at the small curvature of the stomach.
LOBUS, Lobe, see Lobulu.s — 1. Quadrangula-
ris, see Cerebellum — 1. Semilunaris, see Cere-
bellum— 1. Superior anterior, see Cerebellum — L
Superior posterior, see Cerebellum.
LOCAL, Locn'Us, Top'icHH, Jfer'iciis, Partin'lis,
Tun'icdl, (F.) Locale, Tiipiqne. An affection is
calle<l local — Morbus Loca'lis, — when confined
to a part, without implicating the general system ;
or. at all events, only secondarily. Loail is thus
opposed to general. A local or topical application
is one used externally. See Topical.
LOCH, Looch.
LOCHADES, see Sclerotic.
LOG HI' A or LO'CIIIA, Purr/nmcii'la Piierpe'-
rii seu U'teri, Purijn'tio piierpe'rii, Lijma, from
^''X"^' ' **■ woman in childbed,' Xoxiin, ' parturi-
tion;' (F.) Suites de couches, Vidaiir/ev. The
cleaiisings. A sero-sanguineous discharge follow-
ing delivery. During the first two or three days,
it is bloody: but afterwards becomes green-co-
loured.— (jreen waters — and exhales a disagreeable
and peculiar odour. The lochia, in different
stages, have received the names Lochia crueii'ta,
L. sero'sa and L. alba seu mnco'sa seu lac'tea.
The duration, quantity, and character of the dis-
charge vary according to numerous circumstan-
ces. It flows from the part of the uterus which
formed a medium of communication between the
mother and foetus, and continues, usually, from
14 to 21 davs. See Parturition.
LOCHIOCCELTITIS, Puerperal fever.
LOOIirODOCHIUM, Lochodochium.
LOCHIOPYRA, Puerperal fever.
LOCHrORRHAG"IA, from lochia, and priywyn,
'I make an irruption.' An immoderate flow of
the lochia. Hemorrhage from the uterus in the
child-bed state.
LOCHIORRHffi'A, from lochia, and pc-j, 'I
flow.' Discharge or immoderate discharge of the
lochia.
LOCHIORUM RETENTIO, Ischolochia.
LOCHIOSCIIESrS, Ischolochia.
LOCHOCH. Looch.
LOCHODOCHI'UM, Lochiodoch i'um, from
^'X°^' '^ female in childbed,' and Sexofiat, 'I re-
ceive.' An institution for the reception of preg-
nant and childbed females. A Lying-in-hospital.
LOCHOMETRITIS, see Metritis."
LOCHOMETROPHLEBITIS, see Phlebitis.
LOCHOOPHORITIS, see Oaritis.
LOCHOPERITONITIS, see Peritonitis.
LOCHOS, Puerpera.
LOCI, Uterus — 1. Muliebres, Uterus, Vulva.
LOCK HOSPITAL. A term of uncertain
origin, generally given to venereal hospitals in
Oreat Britain.
LOCKED JAW, Trismus.
LOCKINU, Coxofomoral articulation.
LOCOMOTILITY, see Locomotion.
LOCOMO'TION, Lucomo'tio, from locus, • a,
place,' and movere, 7notiini,'to move.' An iietioii
peculiar to animal bodie-s, by which they Iraii.s.
port themselves from plaoo to place. It, as well
as miiscnia'tion, has also been used for I he func-
tion of animal movements. The faculty is some-
times called Locomotiv' itij and Loconiotil'itii.
Locomotion of an Autkhv, is the movenitnt
produced in the vessel with a curvature, by the im-
pulse of the blood sent from the heart, which
tends to straighten the artery, and causes the
movement in question.
LOCOMOTIVITY, see Locomotion.
LOCULAMENTA COLT, see Colon.
LOCUS CINEREUS, Substantia ferruginea.
Locus NlGHK, see Peduncles (,f the Brain.
Locus Pkispoua'tus Anti'cus seu ANTK'ition.
A triangular flat surface of the brain, which cor-
responds to the posterior extremity of each ol-
factory process in front of the optic tract, and
near the entrance of the fissure of Sylvius. Siib-
sian'tia seu Lam'ina perfora'ta ante' rior.
LociTS Peupohatus Po.sticiis, see Tarini pons.
LOCUST, BLACK, Robinia Pseudo-acacia.
Locust Eatkrs, Acridophagi — 1. Plant, Cassia
JVIarilandica — 1. Tree, Roldnia Pseudo-acacia.
Locust, Ybllow, Cladrastis tinctoria.
LODGED, Wedged.
LODOICEA, see Coco of the Maldives.
LOECHE, MINERAL WATERS OF, Leuk,
mineral waters of.
LCRME, Plague.
LO^]MIA, Plague.
L(EMICUM. see Lcemology.
LffiMOCHOLOSIS, Fever, yellow.
LCEMOCOMI'UM, from Aoi//os, 'plague,' and
KOfitw, 'I take care of.' An hcispital for those
affected with plague.
LffiMOGRAPHY, Loimography.
LCEMOLOGIUM, see Loemology.
LCEMOL'OGY, Lumolog"ia, from >o,/ioj,
'plague,' and )ioyoi. 'a description.' The doc-
trine of plague and pestilential diseases. A trea-
tise on the same, — Lw'inictrm, Lcemolog"iiim.
LffiMOPIITHALMIA, see Ophthalmia.
LffiMOPYRA, Plague.
LCEMOS, Plague.
LOGADES, Sclerotic.
LOGADITIS, Sclerotitis.
LOGIA'TROS, Logia'ter ; from ^oyof, 'a word,'
and laTpog, 'a physician.' In the bad sense, a
physician without experience: a mere theorist.
In the good sense, a rational physician : one who
treats disea,se according to theoretical or scien-
tific principles.
LOGONEURO'SES, from Aoyoj, 'mind, reason,'
and vevpof, 'a nerve.' Diseases of the mental
activity. — Romberg.
LOGOS. Reason.
LOGWOOD, Ilaematoxylon Campechiannm.
LOG"Y, ^oya;, 'a description.' A suflix de-
noting 'a treatise or description.' Hence, An-
g'wloi/i/ and Neuro/of/M, &c.
LOIIOCII, Looch.
LOTMOCHOLOSIS, Fever, yellow.
LOIMOG'RAPHY, Loimograph'ia, Ltrmng'-
raphy, from Xoiwof, 'plague,' and ypat^w, 'I de-
scribe.' A description of the plague and pesti-
lential diseases.
LOIMOLOGY, Loemology.
LOIMOS, Plague.
LOINS. Lnmbi.
LOISELEU'RIA PROCUM'BENS, Aza'lea
prociim'bens ; indigenous: Order, Ericacete ; h.as
some reputation as an astringent.
LOLIACEUM RADICE REPENTE 55 3
LOOCn ROUGE
LOLIACEUM RADICE REPENTE, Triticutn
rcpeiiK.
LOLIUM ANXULUM, L. temulentum.
Lo'mi'M Tk.mui.knt'iim, L. an'iinum, Crepn'li'a
temalfn'td, UrcimiH tininihni'hm, Darnel, (Prov.)
(!iicL-<iriiiiii, Jum, (F.) Hi'i-hc <l' [vnxjne. A species
of tlic fjonus Lolliiin, (F.) lomii- ; Ord. (Jrami-
neae ; Snx. Sijit. Triiindria cli;^ynia, which has
deci'leilly poi-sonous properties; occasioning, when
ini.xeil in bread or beer, intoxication, vertigo,
Dau-^ea, and vuiniting.
LO.lfJiAfRE, Lumbar.
LOMIiES, Lumbi.
LOMllO-A/iDOMINAL, Transversalis abdo-
minis— I. Coital, Serratus posticus inferior — I.
('•iHlii-tracht'lieti, Sacro-lunibalis — I. Dnrso-spiiuil,
Transversalis dorsi — /. Dornn-trdclieHoi, Longis-
siinus dorsi — /. Humeral, Latissiinus dorsi — I.
Sacri, Lumbo-sacral.
LOMBI{!<\ Ascaris lunibricoides.
LOM/nilCA trX, Lunibricales.
LOMIIRI(U)'fl)E, Ascaris lunibricoides,
LONCIIADKS. see Sclerotic.
LONCIIADITIS, Sclerotitis.
LO^fCIIITIS, Polypodi'um filix mas.
LONG, Loiit/iiii, Macron. That which is much
prcater in length than in breadth ; as the lov;/
bones. The epithet is, also, ap])lied to several
luuscles, to distinguish them from others of simi-
liir function, when the latter are shorter. We
tiiiy, for instance, Ioikj flexors, and loiuj extensors,
in opposition to nhort flexors, and fiJiort extensors.
LONG DU COU, Longus colli — i. du Boa,
Longissiinns dorsi.
LONG^EVUS, Macrobiotic.
L0N(}ANON, Rectum,
LONGAON, Rectum.
LONGAS, Rectum.
LO'SGEVIIY, Loufjw'vilafi, from hwgiin,
'long,' and mvnm, 'age,' Ilfncrohio'sii, Ifacrabi'-
otes. Tiie prolongation of existence to an ad-
vanced age. Hiiller collected examples of more
tJian one thousand centenarians. He had know-
ledge of sixty-two persons aged from 110 to 120
years; of twenty-nine, from 120 to 130 years;
and of fifteen, who had attained from 130 to 140
years. Beyond this advanced age, examples of
longevity are much more rare and less sufficiently
attested.
The following list of instances of very advanced
ages has been given :
Lived. Aije.
Apollonius of Tyana A. D. 99. ..180
St. Patrick 491. ..122
Attila 600. ..124
Llywiirch lien 500. ..150
St. Coemsrene 618. ..120
Piastus, King of Poland 861. ..120
Thomas Parr 16.S5...1o2
Henry Jenkins 1670. ..169
Countess of Desmond 1612. ..145
Thnmiis Damme 1648. ..154
Peter Torten n24...1S5
•Margaret Patten 1739. ..1.87
John Rovin and wife 1741. ..172 and 164
St. Monagh or Kentigen 1781. ..185
Lnnsevity also means lemjlTi or duration of life,
fF.) Diiree de la vie. The mean age at death,
(F.) Vie mni/enne, of different classes and profes-
sions enables an estimate to be formed of the
erpeclation or value of life in each.
LONtUXG. Malacia.
LOX(iISSI.MUS, superlative of longui, 'long.'
Longest. A term applied to parts, which are
very long in their relation to others.
LnX(JIS'SIMlTS DORSI, Semi-spina'tm, (¥.)
Lombii-dorHo-tracht'lien, Portion costo-trachelieune
du sacrospinal (Ch.), Long dorsal, Long du dos,
is situate vertically at the posterior part of the
trunk, and fills, in a great me.a,sure, the vertebral
furrows. It is thick and almost square below ;
thin and pointed above. It is attached to the
posterior surface of the sacrum, to the transverse
processes of all the lumbar and dorsal vertebrae,
and to the inferior margin of the last 7 or 8 ribs.
It maintains the vertebral column in a straight
position ; straightens it when bent forwards, and
can even carry it back. It also assists in the ro-
tatory motion of the trunk.
LoNGissi.MUS Fkmoius, Sartorius — 1. Oculi,
Obliquus superior oculi.
LOXG-SKJHTEDNESS, Presbytia.
LOXGUS, Long.
LONG US COLLI, (F.) Prg-dorso-cervical, PrS-
doriio-uthi'idien, (Ch.,) Long da cou. This muscle
is situate at the anterior and superior part of the
vertebral column. It is long, flat, and broader
at its middle than at its extremities, which are
pointed. It is attached to the anterior surface of
the bodies of the first three dorsal and last six
cervical vertebrae; to the intervertebral ligaments ;
to the anterior edge of the transverse processes of
the last five cervical vertebric ; and to the tuber-
cle on the anterior arch of the first. This muscle
bends the cervical vertebras ujion each other and
upon the dorsal vertebras. If the upper portion
acts on one side only, it occasions the rotation of
the atlas on the vertebra dentata; and, conse-
quently, of the head on the neck.
LOXICEUA GERMAXICA, L. Periclymenum
— 1. Marilandica, Spigelia Marilandica.
Lonick'ra Pi'.rici-ym'bnum, L. German'ica,
Perich/ni'enum, P. vuli/a'je, Capri/u'linin, C. Peri-
clt/ni'eiiuni seu sylvat'icum sen dlntiuct'nin. Common
Woodbine, Honei/iuckle, (Prov.) Snekting, (F.)
Clievre-feuille. This common plant is slightly
astringent and tonic, and was formerly much used
in gargles.
Lonice'ra SEMPERvi'nRNS, Caprifo'lium sem-
pervirens. Scarlet or Trumpet HoneyHuckle. Ord.
Caprifoliaceae ; indigenous. A syrup of the
leaves is said to have been given in asthma and
in amygdalitis. [?]
LONK. Coxofemoral articulation.
LOOCH, Lohnch, Loci,, Lochoch. Looch, of
Arabic extraction. A linctus. See Eclegma and
Eclectos.
Looch absquF. EMFi.sio'Nii PARA'Trir, Look
prepare sann hnuhion ; Looch 2»'<'2^"red irilhoiit
emuhion. {Pnlv. ;/. trag. gr. xvj — gr. xxx, ol.
ami/gd. dulc. ,^ss., nacchar. _^j, ac/ua ,^iij, aqua
flor. aurant. _^ij. Mi-Y by rubbing in a marble
mortar.) Demulcent.
Looch Albuh, L. amygdali'num, Linctus albus
seu ami/gdaliuus seu commn'nis, Edeg'mn album
seu gummo'xo-oleo'sum, (F.) Looch blane, Jj. b.
ami/gdalin, X. h. pectoral. (Amiji/d. dulc. ^ss,
ann/gd. amar. No. ij, sacchar. nib. ^iv. Make an
emulsion by gradually adding ^^iv of water. Then
take pulv. tragacanth. gr. xvj. ol. amygd. dulc.
recent. ,^ss, sacch. ^ij. Add the almond milk
gradually to this, and afterwards aq.Jlor. auranU
^ij. Ph. P.) It is demulcent and pectoral.
Looch AMYcnAMNU.M, L. album — /. Blanc, L.
album — 1. cum Croco et pistaciis, L. viride — 1.
of Egg. L. ex Ovo.
Loocn KX Ovo, Ij. peetora'le len'iens, Potio seu
emul'sio sen tnistu'ra len'iens seu oleo'sa, Looch
of Egg, (F.) Look d'oruf. Looch rouge, £mulxion
huilcune, Mixture cahnante, Potion pectorale, Lait
adoucionant. ( Yitcll. ori. recent, ^ss, ol. ami/gd.
dulc. ,^iss, si/rup. allhcBW, ,^j. Rub in a mortar,
and add by dcirrres, aq. /lor. amant. ^j, aq,
papav. rhaad. ^ij. Fh. P.) Virtues the same
as the preceding.
LOOCH ROUGE, L. ex Ovo — /. Vert, L.
viride.
LOOK
554
LOZENGES
Loocn Yir'idE, L. cum croc? ct pinta'clh, (F.)
Louch vert. (S';/riip. Violcir. ^j, tiiict. croci gtt.
XX., aqua 3'v. Mix, nnd ndd pisldcicB sciiiiii. akc.
3vj. P/i. P.) Virtues like the last.
LOOK, Looch — I. d'CEtif, Looch ex ovo — /.
Prepare sa}i8 emuhion, Looch absque emulsione
paratum.
LOOSE STRIFE, CREEPINO, Lysimachia
nmnmularia — 1. s. Four-leaved, Lysimachia quad-
rifolia.
LOOSENESS, Diarrhoea — 1. of the Teeth,
Odontoseisis.
LOPEZ RADIX, Rndix lopezin'ua seu In'-
dlca lopez!a'»ii. The root of an uiiliuowti Indian
tree, not possessed of any remarkable smell or
taste, or of any appearance of resinous matter.
It has been extolled, notwithstanding, in cases of
colliquative diarrhoea. Gaubius compares its ac-
tion to that of simarouba, but thinks it more
efficacious.
LOPHADIA, Lophia.
LOPHIA, Lophd'diri, 'Soipia. The upper part
of the neck. The first vertebra of the back —
Ver'tehi-ft dorm' prima. — Gorraus.
LOPIMA. Fagus castanea.
LOQUACITY, Garni' Utitu ; from loqxinr, 'I
speak. (P.) Bablllcmeiil. The act of speaking
with volubility. It is sometimes a symptom of
disease, and is observable in hysteria, &c.
LOQUELA. Voice, articulated — 1. Abolita.
Aphonia — 1. Blajsa, Balbuties — 1. Impedita, Ba-
ryphonia.
LORDO'SIS, Lordo'nia, from Aopi^oj, 'curved,'
'bent.' Repa»da'tii>, Itepaii'ditan. A name given
to curvatures of the bones in general; and j)ar-
tieularly to that of the vertebral column forwards ;
Spina domi iiitror'niim Jlr.ra, Emprosthoci/rto'ma.
This gives rise to the projection of the sternum
called cliickeu-bre.astcd i)r ptijfon-bri'aMed. Pec-
tus carina'tum. Piii"e<>ii fireaxt, narrow client.
LORIND MATRI'CLS, Epilep'aia iitcri'na,
Coiivulii'viis ute'ri inorhim, A barbarous name
given to a pretended epilepsy of the womb.
LORIPES, see Kvllosis.
LORUS, Hydrargyrum.
LOT, Urine.
LOTA MOLVA. see Oleum jecoris aselli — 1.
Vulgaris, see Oleum jecoris aselli.
LOTIO, Enema, Lotion — 1. Cupri sulphatis
camphorata. Lotion, camphorated, of Bates — 1.
Rubra, Lotion, camphorated, of Bates.
LoTio RuBliA, Kc<l icash, (lli/drarfj. vhlorid.
corrosii\ gr. xviii ; //. milphnreli riihr. gr. ix ;
Creasof. V(\^ vi ; AijiifE f,^viij. Miy be used in
the proportion of f _^j ; to from f3i to f^iij of
water ; like the yellow wash.
Lotto Saj'onacea, see Sapo.
LO'TION, Lo'tio, Lofii'ra, from hivare lofiim,
'to wash.' (F.) Hijdro/otif. Hi/drol^.. A fluid
external application. Lotions are ordinarily ap-
plied by wetting linen in them and keeping it on
the part affected.
LoTios, Barlow's, Lotion of Snlph'uret of
potass'iKm. (Potanaii anlphnr. ^^iij ; S'aport. ^iss;
Aq. Calcix, f\^viiss; alcohol, dibit, f^^ij. M.)
Used in various chronic cutaneous diseases.
Lotion', C\MPH'onATi;D, op Batks, Bates s
camph'orated water, Lo'tio eiipri milplia'tis cam-
phora'ta, Lo'tio rubra. Red wank. {Cupri sidphat.
,!^ij ; Bol. riibr. ^\] ; Camphor, .^ss ; Aq. bullient.
Oij. Strain through linen, f i^ij of this, added
to f.^iv of water, forms Bafrs'n Colh/rium, Col-
lyr'ium Batea'num, which may also be made ex-
temporaneously as follows : — Cupri nulphat. gr.
viij : boli, gr. viij : Camphor, gr. ij ; Aq. bullient.
f^viij. Mix and filter.
Lotion, Fi;bi;ri;'s. A cancer remedy, which
consisted of amenie, gr. x; water, 0 j ; extract of
hcmhich, 3) ; Liquor Plumbi eubacclatis, fsiii'
laudanum, {^i.
Lotion, Gowlanu'.s. An empirical prepara-
tion. { Hitter almondn, ^y, »",'/"*•, 5 ij ; dimilUd
water, tbij. Grind together, strain, and add cor.
rosive Hublimate, ^ij, previously ground wiih up.
vini rect. ^ij.) Used in obstinate eruplion.s.
Lotion, Gkanvillk's Countku- Iiiuitant,
Graiivilie'n Lotion, Graurille's antid'yiioiis toliuu.
Of this lotion, Dr. Granville gives two forms a
milder, and a stronger. The milder is made ns
follows : Liq. amnion, fort, f ^j ; iSp. Roeiiairin,
f ^vj ; Tinct. camphor, f^ij, IM.
The «^/v)»'/er is made as follows: Liq. ammmi,
fort, f^x; Sjiir. JioKinar. i'^ss; Tinet. camphia;
The stronger lotion vesicates rapidly. A piece
of cotton or linen folded six or seven tinie.«, or a
piece of thick flannel may be imbued with tliciii,
and laid for a few minutes 011 the part to be irri-
tated.
The Dublin Pharmacopoeia has a Linimen'lum
Aninio'nics Compon'itum, Comjionnd Liniment of
Ammonia, which is a close imitation of Gran-
vi/le'n Lotion.
Lotion, HannAy's, Prereu'tire wash. Tliis
famous nostrum for the prevention of venereal
infection, was nothing more than a solution of
caustic potass.
Lotion, IlYnnocyAN'ic, Lotio Ac"idi Hydro.
eyan'iri. {Hydrocyanic acid, f^iv; rectified npiril
of mine, f^j ; dintilled ivater, f ijxss.) Used with
much success in impetigo, .fee.
Lotion, Stuuvb's, for IloopiNG-Coutiii. {An-
fiin. et PotaHH. tart. ^y. Aqua, ^ij. Add tinct.
cautharid. 3J.)
LOTIUM, Urine.
LOTURA. Lotion.
LOTUS SYLVESTRIS, Trifolium mclilotus—
1. Virginiana, Diospyros Virginiana.
LOUCHEMENT, Strabismus.
LOUCHES. see Strabismus.
LOUPE, Wen.
LOUSE, Pediculus.
LOUSINESS, Phtheiriasis.
LOUSY DISEASE, Phtheiriasis.
LOliTRON, Bath.
LOVAGE, Ligusticum levisticum.
LOVE. Eros, Amor, from Sax. lupian, (0.)
li eben, ' to love.' (F.) Amour. A tender and
elevated feeling, which attracts one sex to the
other. Love is occasionally a cause of disease,
especially of insanity.
Love Apple Plant, Solanum lycopersiouin —
1. Begot, Illegitimate — 1. Child, Illegitimate — 1.
Pea, Abrns precatorius.
LOW SPIRITS, Ilvpochondriasis.
LOWER. TUBERCLE OF, Tuber'cuhim Lmr.
eri. Anatomists have given this name to a siiiidl
projection, the existence of which is by no means'
constant, and which is found in the sinus venosus,
between the superior and inferior cava.
LOXAR'TIIRUS, Loxar'thrum, from M^u
'oblique,' and apSpnv, 'articulation.' (F.) Perrer-
sion de la tele des os et des mtiscles. A vicious
deviation or direction of the joints, without spasm
or luxation, — as in clubfoot.
LOXIAS, Torticollis.
LOXOPIITIIALMUS, Strabismus.
LOZANGIA. Lozenge.
LOZENGE, Tahella.
LOZENGES. BARK, Tabellx eincbontc- 1.
of Catechu and magnesia, Tabellae antiiiioninlcs
KunckeMi — 1. Faustinus's, Faustini pastilli — 1.
for the Heart-burn, Trochisci carbonatis cab-is —
I. Magnesia, Tabellm de magnesia, — 1. of Marsh-
mallows, Tabellae de althaea- 1. of Oxalic acid,
Tahellre acidi oxalici — 1. Pectoral, black, Tro-
chisci glycyrrhizte glabra — 1. Pectoral, of euje-
LUBIDO
555
LUMBI
tine, Trochisci emetinae pectornles — 1. Rhubarb, *
TubuUic (le rhoo — 1. of Scaininony and senna, j
cdinpouml, Tabellte de scaminouio et scnn^ — 1.
Spitta's, ste Trochisci glycyrrhizne cum opio — 1.
Steel, TabcliiC de ferro — 1. Steel, aroiii;uic, see
Talieliie de ferro— 1. Sulphur, simple, TabelUe de
sulpliure wiinpliccs — 1. Sulphur, eoinpDund, Ta-
bellie de sulpliure conipositae — 1. of Sulphuret
of antimony, Tabelhe antiiuDniales Kunckelii —
1. \Vist:ir's, Trochisci K'ycyrrhizaj cum opio — 1.
WiirMi. (,'liiiig'si, see Wonii lozenges. ('Cliing's.)
LUlilDO, Libido — 1. lutestiui, Voluntas dese-
dendi.
LUHRrCANTIA, Demulcents, Emollients.
LUBRICUM CAPUT, I'enis.
LUCCA, MINl'iHAL WATERS AND CLI-
MATE OP. The b;itii3 and waters, near this
ancient Italian city, have been long celebrated.
Tliey are thermal, and resemble, in properties,
tliDse of l'lombi(5res in France, and of Bath
Eiigliind. They contain carbonic acid, sulphates
of alumina, soda, magnesia, and iron. There are
ten different sources, tlie temperature of which
varies from 91° to 1:^0° Fahr. "
Lucca is much frequented in summer; partly
on account of its mineral waters, but more on
account of the coolness of the situation.
LUCID, Ln'cidici, from luceo, 'I shine.' In
medicine, the word lucid is particularly applied
to the iiiterrii/ii, fiifcrvcil'la hi'rlda, of apparent
reason, which occur ivi mental alienation.
LUCIFER -MATCH -MAKERS' DISEASE,
see Phosphorus.
LUCIF'UGUS, from hix, Inch, 'light,' and
fiKjere, 'to shun.' PliDtnph'ithus, PhutojJioh'iciis.
Dreading or avoiding the light.
LUCINA, Ilithyia.
LUCOMANIA, Lyeanthropia.
LUCTUEUX{¥.), Liwtiio'snx, 'in(mrnful.'
Plnt'iitine. An epithet applied to the respiration
— »(F.) li cup! rati (J II liictuense — when accompanied
by moiuiing.
LUCUMA, (S.) A fruit which grows in the
Bnutliern provinces of the coast of Peru, and the
north of Ciiili. It is round ; and the gray-brown
busk encloses a fibrous, dry, yellow-coloured fruit
with its kernel. — Tschudi.
LUCUMORIA'NUS, probablyfrom ?r.r, 'light,'
and morari, 'to tarry.' Continuing for several
days: hence, Dnniiit"io hiciniioriu'iia. A morbid
sleep persisting for several davs.
LUDUS HELMON'TII, L, Parncel'>,i, Fel
terrcB. A calcareous stone, the precise nature not
Itnown, which was used by the ancients in calcu-
lous affections. The term was also applied to
every species of calculous concretion occurring
in the animal body.
Li'Diis P,vn,\('Ki,si, L. Ilelmontii.
LUDWIG'IA PALUS'TRIS, L.uit'idc, lunar'-
did jxdus'tris, ]V<itpr Pi(rn/<iitie, Plithisis Weed.
Order, Onagraceje ; indigenous. An infusion of
the dried i)lant has been used as a pectoral in
ustluuii and chronic cough.
LUES, Disease, Plague, Syphilis — 1. Divina,
Epilepsy — 1. Dysenterica, Dysentery — 1. Gonor-
rlioica. Gonorrhoea impura — 1. Gutturis epidemi-
ca, Cynanche maligna — 1. Indica, Framboesia —
1. Inguinaria, Plague — 1. Pannoniie, Fever, Hun-
pary — 1. Polonica, Plica — 1. Sarmatica. Plica — 1.
Syphilis, Syphilis— 1. Syphilodes, Syphilis pseu-
do-syphilis— 1. Trichomatica, Plica — 1. Venerea,
Syphilis — 1. Scorbutica, see Purpur.a.
LUETTE, Uvula — Z. Vesicide, see Urinary
bladder.
LUG, Ear.
LTMJDUS. Erysipelas.
LU.JULA, Oxalis acetoselln.
LULLADY SPEECH. Lallation.
LUMBA'GO, from lumhi, ' the loins.' Arthru'-
nia himhn'rnm, Lumhngo seu Nephrnl'gia rJien-
mnt'ica, liarliirrheii'iiKi, Rachiorrheu'mu, Jilieu-
mcitia'iiina dumu'lis. Oxphyrrheu'ma. Rheuma-
tism affecting the lumbar region.
Liiiiihn'f/o p/ioi(d'icn, L. apontemnfc/iin, L. nb
nrthriti'uce. Pain in the loins from abscess. See
Psoitis.
LiMBAGO A Nisu, see Effort.
LUMBAR, Lnitdin'rii seu Liimhri'lin, (F.) Lnm-
haire. From lumhi, 'the loins.' Belonging or
having reference to the loins.
Lumbar Absckss, Punas tihscens, Ajjoxte'ina
pioal'icitin, Ahuces'ans htmho'rnni, ilorhiis psond'-
ic.iia. This abscess is so called from the matter
being found on the side of the psoas muscle, (T
betwixt that and the iliacus internus. lUtween
these muscles is a quantity of loose, areolar sub-
stance; and when an abscess takes place there,
it can find no outlet except by a distant course.
Generally, it descends along the psoas muscle,
forming a swelling immediately beneath Pon-
part's ligament; at times, however, it extends
down the thigh under the fiiscia. Severe hectic
follows the bursting of the abscess, and oi'tcn
death. Its causes are, — scrofula, injury to the
loins, &c.
When, from the pain of the back continuing
for some time, with other symptoms, the disease
is suspected, caustics, or the nioxa. apj)lied oy»-
posite the transverse processes of the lumbar ver-
tebne, may l)e recommended; and, when the ab-
scess is ready for opening, it may bo emptied by
repeated discharges of the matter, thrnngh a
small opening, made with a lancet, or small,
lancet-pointed trocar. The medical treatment
consists in supporting the system, under the
great restorative efforts reipiired of it.
LuMBAu AuTKUii;s are four or five in number
on each side. They arise from the sides of the
abdominal aorta, and pass behind the niusolrs
situate in front of the lumbar portion of the sjiine,
to gain the broail muscles of the abdomen. They
give off, 1. Spinal branches. 2. Anterior, poste-
rior, and external muscular branches.
LuMBAit Nuitvi'is are five in number, and issue
from the vertebral column by the spinal foramina
of the loins. The first lumbar nerve gives otF
three branches : — the extenml or illo-^vrntal ; the
middle or iii'jHi>io-ciil((iicoiis, and the interval or
infra-pnhian. Along with the three pairs below
it, it forms the lumbar plexus.
Lt^MBAR PlRXIS, Portion Inmhnire d>i plp.viin
crural ( Ch. ), Plexus Lomho-(djdtiminnl. This
plexus is formed by the union of the Jiami rom-
muuican'tes of the anterior branches of the first
four lumbar nerves. It is situate behind the psoas
muscle, and before the transverse processes of
the lumbar vertebrte. It furnishes, besides the
branches which proceed fr(un the first pair, seve-
ral filaments, that are distributed to the psoas
muscle, to the iliacus, the integments, and glands
of the groin; and three great l>ranches — the oh-
ral, obturator, and Inmho-incral.
LiTMBAK Rkoion. Lumbi.
Li^MBAU ViciNS have an arrangement analogous
to that of the arteries of the same name. They
communicate with the vertebral sinuses, azygcus
veins. &c., and pass into the vena cava inferior.
LUMBARIS EXTERXUS. Quadratus lumbo-
rum — 1. Internus, Psoas magnus.
LUMBI, The loin or loinn. Lumbar region,
(Old Eng.) Lende, (So.) Lendis .- Re'yio 'hm,-
lia'liD, Lap'ara, P»oa, plural PnoeP, Oupliif,
Rtiun, (F.) Loiiibes. The jiosterior regions of t; e
abdomen, composed between the base of the chc'-t
and the pelvis. The parts which enter into the
formation of the lumbar region are,^the Rbin; a
considerable quantity of areolar texture: broad
and strong aponeuroses; — the Latimsimut Durni,
LUMBO-SACRAL
5r)G
LUTE
OhUqints externun. i\n(\ Ohlu/Kun hilerfnin alxhnii!-
nls, Truustersdlla iihdoiiiiiiis, Qiitnlrdttin litmho-
rum, and the tna?.« common totlie Sdcro-liiiiihidii,
Longhsimns doml, and MuliiJidiiK HpincR. These
muscles surround the lumbar region of the verte-
liral column. The vessels, nerves, &c., of the
loins, are called Jimilar.
LUMBO-SACRAL. Belonging to the lumbar
and sacral regions. (F.) Lombo-ancre. Bichat
calls thus .a very large nerve, given off from the
anterior branch of the fifth lumbar pair, which
descends into the pelvis before the sacrum to join
the sciatic plexus.
LUMBRICA'LIS, Vermicidn'vh. Resembling
a Intubricits, or ' earthworm.' A name given to
small muscles, (F.) Lombricaii^, met with in the
palm of the hand and sole of the foot.
LuMBRICAI.KS Manus, Fid iciua'len, Flexor pri-
nii iiiteriio'dii digito'rum mauds seu per/ora'tit/t
liinibrica'lin, (F.) Annul! -tendino-plinhitigiena,
Pahiii-pJinlangieus. Four small, fleshy, thin,
round, long, fusiform fasciculi, situate in the
palm of the hand, and distinguished into first,
second, third, and fourth, counting from without
to within. They arise from the tendons of the
flexor communis digitorum, and are inserted at
the outer and posterior side of the superior ex-
tremity of the first phalanges of the last four fin-
gers. These muscles bend the fingers on the
metacarpus, and fix the tendons of the flexor
digitorum communis.
LuMBiucALES Pbdis, (F.) Plauti-teudi'no-pJifi-
linii/ieun, I'/aiiti-sous-p/ialnug{fns, (Ch.) They
are analogous to those of the hand in form, num-
ber, and arrangement. They increase the flexion
of the toes, and draw them inwards.
LUMBRICUS, Ascaris lumbricoides — 1. La-
tiis, Bothriocephalus latus, Taenia solium — 1.
Teres hominis. Ascaris lunibricoi<les.
LUMBUS VENERIS, Achillea millefolium.
LUMEN, Light, Pupil— 1. Constans, Phos-
phorus. ^
LUMfERE, Light.
LUMINOSITY, Phosphorescence.
LUNA, Argentum, Moon — 1. Albini, Sciatic
notch, lesser — 1. Imperfecta, Bismuth — 1. Pota-
bilis. Argenti nitras.
LUNACY, see Lunatic.
LUNAR, Lunatic.
LUNA'RE OS. Oh aemiluna're. The second
bone in the upper row of the carpus.
LUNARIA, Menses.
Lu.va'uia Rkdivj'va. Leuco'ium, Bnlbonnch,
SiiliH, Honesty. Said, by Ray, to be a warm
diuretic.
LUNARIS, Lunatic.
LU'NATIC, Lniwt'icus, Luna'ria, Ltma'rius,
Lunar, from hum, 'the moon.' Relating to the
moon. An epithet given to diseases which are
supposed to appear at certain phases of the moon,
or to those who are affected by them. The term
lunatic (Moou'ed, Afoonstrufk, Svlenoble'tns), is re-
stricted to one labouring under lunacy or mental
alienation, Denien'tin acciilcnta'b'n seu adven-
tif'ia, that is, under any form unsoundness of
mind, except idiocy. In law, a lunatic is one
who has had an understanding, but by disease,
grief, or other accident, has lost the use of bis
reason, and become non compos mentis or nan
compoR.
LUNATICUS, Epileptic, Lunatic, Somnam-
bulist.
LUNATISMUS, Somnambulism.
LUNE, Moon—/. d'Eau, Nymphaea alba.
LUNELLA, Hypopyon.
LUNES. Men.ses.
LUNETTES ORDINAIRE^, Spectacles.
LUNG, Pulmo — 1. Black, of coal miners, An-
thracosis — 1. Cancer of the, Phthisis, cancerous.
Lfxo Fkvkr, Catarrh, Pneumonia.
Li'XG, Pi;uF<)r!ATiN(j AnscKss op tiik. a pu-
rulent collection, which forms exterior to the
lung, and afterwards perforates its tissue, so tiiat
it is evacuted through the bronchial tubes.
Lung PiiooF, Docimasia pulmonum — I. Wort
Pulinonaria — 1. M'ort, cow's, Vcrbascum nigrum
— 1. Wort, tree. Lichen piilmonarius.
LUNULA. Onyx — 1. Unguium, see Nail — I.
Scapula?, Notch, scapular.
LUNYIE, Lumbi.
LUNYIE-BANE, Ischion.
LUPIA, Encystis, Wen — 1. Junctura, Spina
vent OS a..
LUPI'NUS. Under this term the u-hiir hipin,
Ltipi'nus ol'bns seu saii'vu-t, Ord. Lcguiiiinosaj,
is meant, in some pharmacopoeias. The seeds,
which were much eaten in the days of Pliny and
of Galen, are now neglected. The meal is, how-
ever, occasionally used as an anthelmintic, and
as a cataplasm.
LU'POID, Lnpoi'des, badly compounded from
lu])ii8, and ciSos, 'resemblance.' Resembling, or
having the character of, lupus.
LUPULI'NA, Lu'pnlin, Lupulin'ic glands. A
substance which exists in Hunmlus Inpufus or
hop. It is in the form of small, shining, yellow-
ish grains, which cover the base of the scales of
the hop; is pulverulent, and of an aroniatio
odour. When analyzed, it is found to contain
resin, volatile oil in small quantity, and a bitter
principle — Lnp>nlite. It is aromatic and tonic,
and — according to some — narcotic.
LUPULINIC GLANDS. Lupulina.
LUPULITE, see Lupulina.
LUPULUS, Humulus lupulus — 1. Communis,
Huniulus lupulus — 1. Salictarius, Humulus lupu-
lus^l. Scandens, Humulus lupulus.
LUPUS, ' the wolf.' So named from its rapa-
city. Lupus ex'edens seu thorax seu dev'ornns,
Jacob's Ulcer, Ulcus Tuhcreulo'sum, Cancer seu
Pliymato'sia lupus, Noli me tnng"ere. Tubercular
excrescences, with ragged, spreading ulcerations,
chiefly about the alae nasi, where they destroy
the skin, &,c., for some depth. Sometimes they
appear in the cheek, circularly, or in the shape
of a sort of ringworm, destroying the substance,
and leaving a deep and deformed cicatrix. The
knife or caustic should be used to separate the
sound from the morbid parts. Arsenic has been
given internally with advantage. See, also.
Herpes exedens, and Lycoides.
Lupus Canouosus, Cancer — 1. Devorans, see
Lupus — 1. Exedens, Lupus — 1. Varicosus, Ntevi
— 1. Vorax, Herpes exedens, see Lupus.
LURCO, Glutton.
LURID, Lu'ridus. Pale, yellow, sallow, —
applied to the complexion.
LURKEY-DISH, Mentha pulegium,
LUROR, Paleness.
LUS, Sacrum.
LUSCIOSITAS, Luscitas, Myopia.
LUSCIOSUS, norgne, Myops.
LUS'CITAS, Lusc'ios'itas, Luscit"ie«, Luscit"-
ion, from hiscus, ' a blinkard,' Iwciosits, ' dim-
sighted.' Strabismus. The term has also been
given to any case of obliquity in which the eye
is fixed in an unnatural position. — Beer. The
obliquity termed Coch-eye is a form of Luscitas.
LUSCITIES, Luscitas.
LUSCUS, Bonpie.
LUSS. Pitvriasis.
LUSTRAMENTUM, Cathartic.
LUr, Lute.
LUTE, Lntnm ('mud'), Cmmentnm. (F.) Lut.
A composition employed either for closing aper-
tures in a pharmaceutical instrument, or for
covering the surface of retorts, tubes, kc, which
have to support a great degree of heat. Lutes
LUTEOLA
5 7
LYCOPUS
are composcl difTerently, according to the olijcet
to lio accomplished. Commonly, they are made
of linseed meal and starch. The fa I lute is formed
iif clay and dryin;; oil. Sometimes, tlie white of
("if^ and lime are used; and that which is em-
iiloyed for coverinjj vessels, intended to be
ttroni^ly heated, is made of clay, sifted sand, and
water.
• LUTEOLA, Reseda luteola.
LUTKUS, Yellow.
liUTRON, Aoirpov. A bath. Also, an oph-
thaliiiic medicine. — Galen.
LUX, Li,i,'ht.
LUXA'l'IO, Luxation — 1. Imperfecta, Sprain.
LUXA'TION, Ehixa'tion, from litxnre, lii.r<c-
tiim, 'to put out of place.' Dinloca'tion, Olhthe'-
)«'(, yipoped'tiiln, Lnxii'tio, D'mloca'tio, Ec'clisis,
Streni'iii'i, Luiatii'rn, Ectop'i'a, Ecpto'sin, Elap-
giin, Li/i/iu'wiis, Emo'tio, Ec'staaii, Exarthre'ma,
E. lnxii'tio, Exurthro' ma, Exfirthro'xis, Exo'sis,
Erulhe'tle, Paratop'ia, Slreblo'nis, Deloca'tio,
Ex'irticiila'ti'o, (F.) Lux'iti'on, Dislocation, De-
hnitement, A displacement of a part from its
proper situation. A putting out of joint. A
displacement of two or more bones, whose arti-
cular surfaces have lost, wholly, or in part, their
natural connexion ; either owing to external vio-
lence, {accidental luxation,) or to disease of some
of the parts about the joint (npontaneous hixatiov.)
Luxation is complete when the bones have entirely
lost their natural connexion ; incomplete, when
they partly preserve it; and compound, when a
wound communicates with the luxated joint.
The fjencral indications of treatment, are; — 1.
To reduce the protruded bone to its original
place. 2. To retain it in situ. .3. To obviate
any attendant or consequent symptoms.
To reduce requires extension, counter-exten-
sion, and coaptation.
LUXEUIL. MINERAL WATERS OF. Saline
waters, at the town of Luxeuil, at the foot of the
Vosgos, in the department of Haute Saone. Five
springs are thermal, and two cold. They seem
to contain carbonic acid, carbonates of iron and
lime, and chloride of sodium ; and are employed
as ap.'rient, tonic, and stimulant.
LUZ. Sacrum.
LYCAN'CIlE, Ltjcan'rhin. from Aixo?, 'a wolf,'
and ayx^ii), 'I strangle.' Wolf qui nyy. Wolf rhonk ;
— as Ci/nanchc means Do<j choak. Also, hydro-
phobia. See Lvcoitdes.
LYCANCIIIS, Lycanche.
LYOAXTIIROPE, see Lycanthropia.
LYCANTIIRO'PIA, from \vko(, 'a wolf,' and
av^pu-aof, 'a man:' Li/co'ou, Inna'nia hipi'na, Ly-
coma'nia. A variety of melancholy, in which
the person believes himself to be changed into a
wolf, and imitates the voice and habits of that
animal. One so circumstanced is called a Ly'-
cantlirope, Lifcanthro'pus.
LYCAXTilROPUS, see Lycanthropia.
LYCAOX, Lvcanthropia.
LYCIIXTDIU.M, Biolychnium.
LYCHNIS GITIIA'GO, Agmstem'mn rjilha'go,
Corn cockle. Roue campion. A naturalized Euro-
pean plant. Old. Caryophyllaceoe. The seeds
are somewhat acrid, but not poisonous. They
were, at one time, employed in cutaneous dis-
eases, and in hemorrhage, and as a topical appli-
cation to ulcers and fistuliv.
LvoH.vis Officinalis, Saponaria — 1. Sylvestris,
Saponaria.
LYCIINIUM, Biolychnium.
LY'CIU.M, AvKiov. A medicinal substance, an-
ciently obtained from the roots and branches of a
thorny shrub growing in Lycia. It was astrin-
gent, and used in dysentery, ulcers of the gums,
&c. I>y some, it has been cousidered to be the
catechu.
LYCOI'DES, Lyro'des, from \vkos, 'a wolf,'
and £((5of, 'form.' Lupo nim'iHs. An epithet for
I a species of cynanche, called, also, Lupun, and
I Strani/ula'tor, and absurdly attributed to exccs-
I sive retention of sperm in its reservoirs and its
p.issage into the blood [?]. — Galen.
LYCOMANIA, Lycanthropia.
LYCOPE DE VIROINIE, Lycopus Yirgini-
cus.
LYCOPER'DON, from Xv<cof, 'a wolf,' and
7r£p(5u), 'I break wind;' L. Bovin'ta seu An-hi'zon
seu Globo'num, Dovin'ta, Crep'itna Lupi, Fundus
Chinn-f/o'nnn, Puff-ball, Bull Fisti, MoI'lipiiffH,
(Prov.) Puff, (Si;.) Deil'x Hiinffbox, (¥.) VexKcloup.
Ord. Fungi. The puff-ball dries into a very tine,
light brownish dust, which is sometimes used as :v
mechanical styptic to arrest hemorrhage.
Lycopeudon Arrhizon, Lycoperdun • — 1. Cer-
vinum, Elaphomyces granulatus — 1. Globosum,
Lycoperdon — 1. Gulosorum, L. Tuber.
LvcoPEnnoN Pho'tkhs, Common puff-ball. The
fumes of this substance have been found to pro-
duce an'sesthetization an animals.
Lycopf.r'don Tuber, L. Guloso'rum, Tnhrr
Ai/riocas'tanuin seu Ciba'rinm seu GuloHo'rnm seu
Nigrum, Tu'bera Terra, Trubn, Truffle, (pro-
nounced troojle,) (F.l Truffe. A fleshy, firm
body, unknown in its mode of reproduction,
which is found under ground, especially in dif-
ferent parts of France, Italy, &c., and is much
esteemed as an aliment. It seems to belong to
the champignons, and has a particular perfume.
Aphrodisaic virtues have been ascribed to it.
A Virginia truffle is called Tuckoho.
LYCOPERSICUM ESCULENTUM, Solanum
lycopersicum — 1. Pomum anioris, Solanum lyco-
persicum — 1. Tuberosum, Solanum tuberosum.
LYCOPODE. Lycopodium.
LYCOPO'DIUM, from Awkoj, 'a wolf,' andTrouf,
!ro(^05, ' a foot.' L. Clavn'tiim seu Offciua'le, Le-
pido'tis clava'tn, Cingula'rin, Jfuacua clara'tus.
Club-moss, Wolf's-claw, Witch-meal. Ord. Ly-
copodiaceiK. This is the largest of the European
mosses. The dust, which fills the capsules of its
sjjikes, is very inflammable, and hence has been
called Vegetable Sulphur; — and, also, Fari'nn
sou Pulvis seu Semen seu Sulphur Lycopo'dii,
(P.) Lycopode, Sovfre v(gital. It is used in France
and in the United States to roll pills and boluses
ill ; and in medicine is a desiccative, in the exco-
riation to which infants are liable. It is collected
chiefly in Switzerland and Germany for commerce.
LvcoPoniuM CLAVATUst, Lycopodium.
Lycopodium Co\\pt,\'s&'Tini,CommonClnb-mosi,
Ground Pine; indigenous; has the same proper-
ties as Lyco))odium selago.
Lycopo'dtum Officinale, L. clavatum — 1.
Recurvum, L. Selago.
Lycopodium Sela'go, L. Recur'vum, Planan'-
thus fastiga'tus seu sela'go, Jlfitsciis erec'tiis sen
Cathar'tieus, Sela'go, Upright Club-moss, Fir
Club-moss, Upright Fir-moss. A decoction of
this plant acts violently as an emetic and purga-
tive : and was formerlj', on this account, used as
an abortive. It is also employed to kill vermin.
LY'COPUS, L. Virgin'icus seu nui/lo'rus seu
pii'niila. Bugleirerd, M'^ater Bugle, Water Hore-
hound, Gypsy Weed, Paul's Bet'nny, (F.) Lycopie
de Virginie. This indigenous herb, Se.r. Sysl.
Diandri.a Monogynia, Nat. Ord. Labiatae, grows
throughout the greater part of the United States.
The whole herb is said to be slightly narcotic.
It is given in infusion, (/y!/cojt). 3J ; aq. fervent. Oj.)
Lycopus Pumila, Lycopus.
Lycopus Sinua'tus, Water Horehound, Gypsy
Weed, Paul's Bet'ony, indigenous, has similar
properties.
Lycopus Uniflorus, L. pumila — 1. Virgini-
cus, Lycopus.
LYCOREXIS
558
LYMniOPYRA
LYCOREXIS. Fames lupina.
LYCOSA TARENTUIiA, see Tarantula.
LYCOSTOMA, Ilvperoochasma.
LYE, Lixivium, Ley — 1. Dyspeptic, see Fuli-
pokali— 1. Medical, see Fuligokali — I. Tea, Phy-
siek's, see Fuligokali.
LYarSMUS. Luxation.
LYGMODES, Singultus.
LYiiMUS, Singultus.
LYtiOUES, Singultus.
LYING-IN STATE, Parturient state.
LYINU-DOWN STATE, Parturient state.
LYMA, Lochia; from \vw, 'to wash,' iilso, filth
or sordos, (to be washed away. J >u//u, Lyme.
LYME. Lyma.
LYMPH, Li/nipha, from vvii<pti, 'water,' by
changing v into A. Wlilfe hhiod, Li/niphn Nii-
tn't"ia. A name given to the fluid contained in
the lymphatic vessels and thoracic duct of ani-
mals, which have been made to fast for 21 hours.
According to Chevreul, the lymph of the dog
contains water, fibrin, albumen, common salt,
Eubcarbonate of soda, phosphates of lime and
magnesia, and carbonate of lime. The properties
and composition of lymph vary somewhat ac-
cording to the part whence the lymphatic vessels
obtain it. Generally, it is under the form of a
transparent, slightly alkaline fluid, sometimes of
a madder-red or yellowish colour, — of a spermatic
odour, and saline taste ; soluble in water, — the
solution becoming turbid, when mixed with alco-
hol. When left to itself, it coagulates. The clot
or solid portion becomes of a scarlet red, if put
in contact with oxygon; and of a purple red, if
placed in carbonic acid.
Lilce the blood, the lymph consists of a fluid —
Liquor hjmphcB — in which lymph corpiivcles or y/o-
hidi's are suspended.
The lymph is probably the product of internal
absorption in different parts of the body : it then
flows along the lymphatic vessels, uniting with
the chyle, and is poured with it into the veins ;
thus becoming one of the materinls of the blood.
According to others, the blood, when it renches
the arterial radicles, is diviiled into two portions,
— the one red, which is carried to the heart, —
the other serous or white, which is absorbed by
the lymphatic vessels, and constitutes the lymph.
By others, again, the lymphatics are considered
to be the vessels of return for the white blood
sent to certain tissues. White blood, however,
has probably no existence.
Tlie word lymph is sometimes used unhappily
by the surgeon to signify liquor sanguinis.
Lymph, Coagulablk, Pilirin, Liquor sanguinis.
Lymph Corpitsclfis, see Lymph — 1. Globules,
see Lymph — 1. Hearts, Lymphatic hearts.
Lymph. Plastic, Liquor sanguinis.
LYMPIIA, Lymph — 1. Arborum, see Sap — I.
Muculenta nariura. Nasal mucus — 1. Nutritia,
Lymph — 1. Pancreatis, sec Pancreas — 1. Pericar-
dii, see Pericardium — 1. Plastica, Fibrin.
LYMPHADENI'TIS: from lymph, iin<l adeni-
tis, 'inflammation of a gland.' Li/famma'tio
ijlatidnla' nitii lyniphntica' rxni, Adeni'tix lyiiiphat'-
irn, (F.) Adenite lymphdiipie. Inflammation of
a lymphatic ghmd or ganglion.
LY.MPH^nUCTUS, Lymphatic vessels.
LYMPH ANGEITIS, Angcioleueitis.
LYMPHANGIA. Lymphatic vessels.
LYMPH ANGIEC'T A SIS, Lymphpxa-ys'mn ;
from lymph, ayyttnv, 'a vessel,' and cKracii, 'dila-
tation.' Dilatation of lymphatic vessels.
LYMPH ANGIOG'RA PHY, Lymphmujiofjm-
ph'ia : from lymph, ayytiov, 'a vessel,' and ypaipri,
' a description.' A description of the lymphatic
vessels.
LYMPHANGTOITIS, Aneeioleucitis.
LYMPHAXGIOL'OGY, from Lymphangion,
'a lymphatic,' and Aoyoj, 'a description.' A
treatise on the lymphatics.
LY -M PlI A NGIOT'UM Y, Lymphtwjioi„m'i„ ;
from lymph, uyytiov, ' a vessel,' and Tu^iq, 'inci-
sion.' Tlie anatomy or dissection of the lym-
phatic vessels.
LYM PlIANGITIS, Angcioleueitis.
LYMPHANGON'UUS, Lymphou'cm ; frotn
lymph, ayyciov, 'a vessel,' and oyxoj, 'a tumour.'
Tumcf.ictiun of the lymphatics.
LY.MPllAT'lC, Lymph,,!' icH^. That which
relates to lymph ; also, abounding in lymph. Soo
Phlegmatic.
Lympeiatic IIkaktr, Lymph Hcartit. The frog
and several other animals are provided with lari'o
receptacles for the lymph immediately underneath
the skin, which exhibit distinct and regular pul-
sations like the sanguiferous heart. Their use
appears to be — to propel the lymph.
Lymphatic Systicm is that particular system
of organs which is inservient to tlie formation and
circulation of lymph. These organs are:
1. Lymphatic Ganglions or Glands, see
Conglobate.
2. Lymphatic Vesskls, Lymphmdac'lHi, Lym-
pthnnyi'a, Lyinphanye'ri, VencB lymphat'lrcB, Diiclita
Hcro'ni, Vaxn lymplnitica seu res</rbe>i'ti(t seu hy-
driir/(i't/'i, HydrciHji'a. These are very nuinerotis.
Arising at the surface of membranes and in tlie
tissue of the organs, they carry into the veins the
lymph from those parts. Lymphatic vessels are
found in every part of the body. Wherever they
are met with, however, they form two orders, —
one snperficinl, the other deep-seated ; — the two
orders frequently communicating with each other.
Lymphatic vessels are generally sinaller than
arteries iind veins. They are very thin, diapha-
nous, and cylindrical ; but present, here and
there, more or less considerable dil:itatioiis,
caused by valves in their interior. Tliey are
slightly tortuous in their course ; their aiiasto-
moses are very numerous, and they often cross
each other, forming successive plexuses. Of the
arrangement of the extreme radicles we are igno-
rant. All the branches, before joining the prin-
cipal trunks, pass through lymphatic ganglion.":,
in which they are convoluted, or subdivided almost
ad infinitum. Thej' are formed of an outer are-
olar membrane ami an internal coat, similar to
that of the veins; of the latter, the valves are
formed. All the lymphatics of the body ulti-
mately discharge themselves at the junction of
the subclavian and internal jugular veins. Two
of these trunks are considerably larger than the
others, — the thoracic duct, and the great trunk
of the right side, (F.) La grande veine lymphn-
tique droitv. The former receives the lymphatics
of the abdomen, of the lower extremities, the loft
side of the thorax, the left upper extremity, and
the corresponding side of tlie head and neck;
the latter receives those of the right upper ex-
tremity, and of the right side of the head, neck
and thorax.
LYMPH ATITIS, Angcioleueitis.
LYMPHE COAGULARLE, Liquor sangui-
nis— I. de Cofuyno, Cotunnius, liquor of — I.
Plantique, Liquor sanguinis.
LYMPHEURYS.MA, Lymphangiectasis.
LYMPHITIS. Angcioleueitis.
LYMPHIZA'TION. A term used by Profes-
sor Gross to signify Effusion of coagulable lymph.
It is not a happy word, inasmuch as lymph has
another meaning, whilst the term ' coagulable
lj'm)ih' is now almost abandoned.
LYMPHOCHE'ZIA, from lymph, and x'^w, 'I
go to stool.' Serous diarrhoea.
LYMPHONCUS, Lymphangoncus — 1. Iridis,
Iridauxesis.
LYMPHOPYRA, Fever, adeno-meningeal.
LYMPIIORRIIAGIA
559
II A C 11 A 0 N
LYMPH OUR II AG "I A, from lymph, and
pr,yi'Ufii, ' I break forth.' Di.-^charge of lyiii|ih
fiom a lymphatic vessel, owing to a lesion of its
LYMPIIO'SrS. The preparation or elabora-
tion of iviiiiib.
LYMIMIOT'OMY, from lympha, 'lymph,' and
Tciivui, • r cut.' Dissfotion of the lympluitics.
LYNCirS EMliUOCA'TION. "An emollient
nostrum, formed of olive oil impregnated with
berf/diiiot and other essences, and coloured with
ulkiiuet roof.
LYN(JODES, Singultous— 1. Febris, Fever,
gingiiltou?.
LYNGYODE.S, Singultous.
LYNN WAIIOO, Ulmus alata.
LYNX, Singultus.
LYl'K, Athvmia.
LYl'EMANIA, Melancholy.
LYPE'RIA CRO'CEA. A South African
pbint. Nut. Old. Serophubiriacetr, the flowers of
which closely resemble saffron in smell and taste,
and possess similar medical virtues.
/. YPEIiOrilllEXIE, Melancholy.
LYPOMA, Lipoma.
L Y P 0 T II Y M ' I A. from Xu-r,;, ' sadness,' and
^ufiof, ' the mind.' Very great sadness or de-
tpiindency.
LYBA, Xupa, ' the lyre.' Pimltpr, Punlle'rinm,
C<irpuH Punlld'i'des, Li/rn Dd'oidit, Lmii'ind me-
diilla'rin tri(lii(jid<t'rin cer'ebri, Sprt'tinm triijo'-
Mum. The under surface of the posterior part of
the body of the fornix is impressed with nume-
rous transverse and oblique lines, which have
been so called from some resemblance they bear
to the ancient lyre.
LYRINGIUM, Eryngiutn carapestre.
LYSIA. Lysis.
LYSIMA'CHIA NUMMULA'RIA, /.. nom'o-
riim, Niimiitnln'ria, HinnidiiKi'riri, Coiti^iiior'bia,
Vreepimj Loone Strife. 3[o)tey Wort, (F.) Ilerhe
n\ix fens. Ord. PrimulacciB. This plant was
formerly accounted vulnerary. It h.as been con-
sidered to possess antiscorbutic and astringent
(pialities, and has been used in leucorrhoea.
LvsiMAcmv PiTHPdKKA, Lythrum snlicaria.
LvsiMA'cniA Quaduipo'lia, Four-Le.nced Loone
Strife, CroHHiiinrt, an indigenous plant, is astrin-
pent; and has been used as a stomachic and an-
tiperiodic.
LY'SIS, Lyxiit, >uo-i5, from Xuaj, 'T dissolve.'
Solution. A common suffix; also, a name given
to solutions or terminations of disease, whii ii aro
operated insensibly; that is, gradually and with-
out critical symptoms.
LYSSA, Hydrophobia — 1. Cunina, Hydropho-
bia.
LYSSAS, Maniodcs.
LYSSETER, Maniodcs.
LYSSODEC'TUS, from Avaaa, 'canine mad-
ness,' and iriKui, or iaKvio, 'I bite.' llydroph'.
obus ; Cane rah'ido iiiiirxiin. One who has been
bitten by a mad dog, or is actually labouring
under hydrophobia.
L Y"^ S S 0 W E G 'M A , Lyxiodeg'nniK, Lyasode.r'is,
same etymon. The bite of a mad dog.
LYSSODEXIS, Lyssodcgma.
LY'TE'RIOS, Xvrripioi, (from Xvw, ' I dissolve,')
'solving.' An eyiithet given to those signs which
announce the solution of a very violent disease.
LYTJIRUM ALATUM, see Lythrum salicaria
— ^1. Ilyssopifolia, Lythrum salicaria.
LyTiiursi Samca'isia, from XuSpov, 'blood, and
dust,' on account of the colour of the flowers of
some species, Lysivia'chin pmpn'rea, Salivn'rin
vuhjii'riK sen npica'tn ; — the Vowinon or Purple
Willow Herb. Ord. Lytliriiccae. The herb, root,
and flowers possess a considerable degree of as-
tringency, and are used, occasionally, in the cure
of diarrhoea and dysentery, leucorrhsea, haemop-
tysis, <fee.
Lythimim Hyssopu'c'lia, and L. Ala'tum;
indiirenous, have sin]ilar properties.
LYTTA C/ERULEA.see Cantharis— 1. Gigas
mas, see Cantharis — 1. Ruficeps, see Cantharis.
Lytta Ru'fipks. CT'/«.s Inseeta; Oc(/. Cole-
optera. A variety of Lytta, peculiar to Chili,
which is more active as a vesicant than the can-
tharis, or the Lytta Vittata.
Lytta Segetum, see Cantharis — 1. Vesicatoria,
Cantharis.
Lytta Vitta'tA, Can'lharis ritfnta, Pota'to
Fly, (F.) Uaiitliaride taclietee. Four species of
meloe that blister, are found in the United
States. The lytta vittata feeds principally upon
the potato plant, and, at the proper season of the
year, may be collected in immense numbers. The
]iotato fly resembles the contharides in every pro-
pertj', and is fully equal to them.
M.
M. This letter signifies, in prescription.'', mn-
vipidus, 'a handful.' Also, nu'sce, 'mix.' See
Abbreviation.
MACAPATLI, Smilax sarsaparilla.
MAC.\RO'Nr. An alimentary paste, moulded
of a cylindrical shape, and formed of rice or
wheateii flour. It is eaten — when boiled — in
soup; prepared with cheese, Ac. See Turanda;
Italicas.
Also, a name formerly given to a pulverulent
compound of sugar and glass of antimony, car-
ried into France by the Italian monks, and em-
ployed at the hospital La Charite in the treat-
ment of painters' colic.
MACARONS, Biscuits, medicinal.
MACE, see Myristica nioschata — m. Reed,
Typha latifolia.
"MACEDOXISTUM, Smyrnium olusatrum.
MACER, Gracilis.
MACERA'TION, Macera'tin, from macernre,
macerntiiiii, 'to soften by water.' An operation
which consists in infusing, usually without heat,
a solid substance in a liquid, so as to extract its
virtues.
MACEROXA. Smyrnium olusatrum.
iMACES. see Mvristica tnoschata.
MACESCERE.Emaciate.
]\IACII.FRA. Culter. Knife. Penis.
MACH.EHIDIOX, Macha>rion.
M A C H M'KIO X, Maclifp'riiis. Maeha-rid'ion,
Gladi'idiis, from li't^mpa, *a sword,' faxv^ 'a
fight.' A knife. An amputating knife. Rufus
of Ephesus asserts, that the Aruspices gave this
name to a part of the liver of animals.
:\IACILT:RIS, Knife. Xovacnla.
^lAClIA'OX. from ,iaxnu>. 'I desire to fight.'
The son of JEsculapius, and a celebrated phy-
sician.
MACIIAONIA
560
MADESIS
MACIIAO'XIA sou MACIIAOX'ICA ARS.
Medicine. Tbc Healing Art: — so ciiUed after
Machaon, the son of ^sculapius.
MACHI'NAL, Meclinn'ktn-!. This epithet is
added especially by French ivriters to the word
moveiiieiit, to expretiS that the will takes uo part
in it.
MACHINE', ]\f((ch'iiia, JllachinaJtien'ium,
Mcch'aiie, Mechdue'ma. A more or less com-
pound instrument or arrangement for putting a
body in motion, or for producing any action
whatever. Physiologists sometimes use it for
the animal hodi/ ; — as the machine or animal
marhiite.
MACHLOSYNE, Nymphomania.
MACHOIRE, Maxillary bone — m. Diacrani-
eniie, Maxillary bone, lower — m. Syncranienne,
Maxillary bone, superior.
MACIES, Atrophy, Emaciation — m. Infantum,
Tabes mesenterica.
MACILENTUS, Gracilis.
MACIS, see Myristica moschata.
MACllAU'CHEN, from macros, and avxw,
'the neck.' Longo coUo jyrcB'dilus. One who has
a, long neck. — Giilen.
31 AC RE FLOTTANTE, Trapa natans.
MACIIITUUO. Emaciation.
MACROBIOSIS, Longevity.
MACROBIOTES, Longevity.
MACROBIOT'IC, Jfarrobiot'icus, Macrohi'o-
fiiK, Mucro'bius, Lo))(/eB'viin,{rom macron, and jiios,
'life.' That which lives a long time. The
macrobiotic art, iUacrobivt'icn,{F.) Jfacrobioiique,
is the art of living a long time.
MACROBIOTUS, Macriobiotic.
MACROBIUS, Macrobiotic.
MACROCEPIIALIA, see Capitones.
MACROCEPH'ALUS, Makrocc]ih'ahie, (Fi)
Macrocephale ; from macros, and Knpa'Kri, ' head.'
Qui maijiinm habet caput ' One who has a large
head.' This epithet is given to children born
with heads so large that they seem to be hydro-
cephalic; but in which the unusual development
is owing to a large size of the brain. Such are
supposed to be more than ordinarily liable to
convulsions. [?] The term has also been applied
by Hippocrates to certain Asiatics who had long
heads. See Capitones.
M ACRO CIII'RIA, from macros, and xfip,
'hand.' Monstrosity, characterized by excessive
development of the hands.
MACROCO'LIA, from macros, and k(ii\ov, 'a
limb.' Great length of limbs in general, and of
the lower limbs in particular.
MACROCOSM, Macrocosm' us, from viacrns,
and Koaixoi, 'world.' The universe, in contradis-
tinction to Microcosm, which means man.
MACRODAC'TYLUS, from m^reiog, and &aKTv-
Xos, 'a finger.' Having long fingers.
MACROGASTER PLATYPUS, Acarus folli-
culorum.
MACROGLOSSA. see Macroglossus.
MACROGLOS'SUS, from macros, and y\u,aa:u
'tmigue.' One who has a very large or prolapsed
tonLT'.ie. See Paraglossa.
MACROMEL'IA, from macros, and ^tXof,
' limb.' Monstrosity, which consists in the ex-
cessive size of some limb.
MACROXOSI^, Chronic diseases.
MACROPHAL'LUS, from macros, and 0«»o;,
'the male organ.' A large size of the male
organ.
MACROPHO'NUS, from macros, and ^lavr],
'voice.' One who has a strong voice.
MACROPHTHAL'MUS, from macros, and
oip^aXjio:;, 'eve.' Having large eyes.
MACROPHYSOCEPirALUS, from macros.
K^vira, 'air,' and KtipaXtj, ' head.' A word used by
Ambrose Pare to designate an augmeutatiou of
the head of the foetus, produced by a sort of em-
physema I?], wiiicii retards delivery.
MACROPIl'EH, Piper longum.
MACROl'iNlE'A, from macros, and rvru>, <l
breatiie.' A long and deep res])iratii)ii.
MACROP'NUS. Macrop'nooH. Same etymon.
Long lirealiicd. One who breathes slowly: a
Word met witli in some authors.— Hijjpocriites.
MACROP'ODUS, Mac'ropns, M>;,al'o,,„s, (,t„n
macros, and ttouj, vo&ui, ' foot.' One who liiis a
large foot.
MACROPROSO'PIA, from macros, and voau-
Tov, ' face.' Monstro.^iity, characterized by excts.
sive size of face.
MACROR, Emaciation.
MACROR'RHIS, from macros, and pij, or on,
'nose.' One who has a long nose.
MACROS, ixuKpoi;, 'great.' Long.
MACROS'CELES. Crura loiign habeas ; .&(<m
macros, and sKcXoi, ' the leg.' One who has nhi"
legs.
MACROSTyE, Chronic dise.i.ses.
MACROSOMATIA, see Giant.
MACROSOMIA. see Giant.
MACRO'TES, from macros, and ouj, wroi, 'an
ear.' One who has long ears.
MACROTRYS RACEMOSA, see Actsea race-
mosa.
MACULA. A spot. Dijsclirfe'a, Cclis. Lahes,
(F.) Tache. A permanent discoloration of some
portion of the skin, often with a change of i!s
texture. Ephelis, Kwvus, Sjjilns, &c., belong to
MaculiC.
Macula, Molecule — m. Aurea, see Fornmen
centrale retina9 — m. Corneae, Caligo — m. Cornese
arcuata, Gerotoxon — m. Corneas margaritacea,
Paralampsis — m. Cribrosa, see Auditory canal,
internal — m. Emortualis, see Suggillation — m.
Flava, see Foramen centrale retinse — m. Fusca,
Epbelides — m. Germinativa, see Molecule — m.
Hepatica, Chloasma materna, NaDvus — m. Lenti-
cularis, Epbelides — m. Lutea retinse, see Forn-
men centrale — m. Miitricalis. Nrevus — ni. Matri-
cis, Nii'vus — m. Nigra,sec Opticnerve — ni. Solaris,
Epbelides.
MAC'ULiE ALB/E. M. Lac'lcce, Li'sida^, Milk-
spots. White sj)ots, seen on serous membranes,
especially on that investing the heart, and which
appear to be the result of previous iiiflanuiiatory
action.
MacuLvE Antu Oculos Yolitantes, Jletamor-
phopsia — in. Lactere, M. Albae.
MACULOSUS, Sahlf.
MAD, Insane — m. Doctor, see Psychiatria.
MADAR. Mudar.
MADARO'SIS. from ija^apog. 'bald.' M«,h,ro'-
ma, Made'sis, Jfadar'otes. Madc'ma, jMad'isis,
Dcphima'tio, 3/il/ili(f, Milplio'sis. /'lilo'sis. Cul-
vi'ties. Loss of the hair, particularly of the eye-
lashes.
MADAROTES, Madarosis.
MADDER, DYERS', Rubia.
MADEIRA, CLIMATE OF. This island is
much frequented liy pulmonary in\alids, on ac-
count of the mildness and equability of its cli-
mate. Owing, indeed, to the mildness of the
winter, and the coolness of the summer, together
with the remarkable equality of the temperature
during day and night, as well as throughout the
year, it has been considered that the climate of
Madeira is the finest in the northern hemis]ihcre.
Sir Jatnes Clark is of opinion that there is no
place on the continent of Europe, with which he
is acquainted, where the pulmonary invalid coidd
reside with so much ailvantage, during the whole
year, as in Madeira.
MADKLEON, Bdellium.
MADEMA, Mndarosis.
MADESIS, Depilation, Madarosis.
MADIS[S
561
MAGNESIA
MADTSTS, Dopilation, Madarnsis.
MAUI80N Sl'RlMGS, see Georgia, Mineral
waters of.
MADISTE'RIUM. ^aSi<rT7,piop, TrichoWhinm,
Tnchdl'iihin, V'lhel'la. Tweezers. An instru-
ment for pxtractinsf hairs.
MADJOUND, Madjmm. A mixture of powdered
hemp and honey, used as a narcotic agent, like
tobacco, by the Algerines.
MADNESS, CANINE, Hydrophobia — m.
Eavini; or furiiius. Mania.
MADOR, Moisture. A cold sweat.
MADORIIIS, Mudar.
MADRKl'ORA OCULATA, Fee Coral.
MADWKED, Scutellaria lateriflora.
l\M\, Midwife.
M^iElA, Obstetrics.
WyEi'UJiMA, see Parturition.
MvEIA, Obstetrics.
"lAESA PICTA, Saoria.
WiEUSIS. Parturition.
MiEUTRIA, Midwife.
M AUDA'LIA, Mtirjdo'leon, Mngdn'Us. ' Crumb
of bread.' Any medicine, as a pill, formed of
crumb of bread. A roll of plaster.
MAGEIRICE, Culinary art.
MAGGOT PIMPLE, see Acne.
MAGIS, ttayn, 'a cake.' A sort of cake, com-
posed of cloves, garlic and cheese, beaten to-
gether.— Ilippofrates.
MAGISTERIUM, Magistery — m. Bismuthi,
Bismuth, subnitrate of — m. Jalapse, Resin of
Jalap — m. Mareasitae, Bismuth, subnitrate of —
m. Plumbi, Plunibi subcarbonas — in. Siilphuris,
Sulphur lotum — m. Tartari purgans, Potassse
aoetas.
MAG"ISTERY, Magi ate' rinm, from maghter,
'a master.' Certain (irecipitates from saline so-
lutions were formerly so called ; as well as other
medicines, the preparation of which was kept
secret.
Magistery op Bismuth, Bismuth, subnitrate
of.
MAG"ISTRAL, Magtstra'Hs. Same etymon.
Extempora' neons. A prescription is so called —
Form'iila mdijintra'Us seu extemporn'uea — which
is prepared extemporaneously; an officinal pre-
scription— Form'ula ojficina'lis — being such as
has been prepared for some time before it is pre-
scribed.
MAGISTRANTIA, Imperatoria.
MAGMA, /iay/i«, (F.) J/arc. The thick resi-
duum, obtained after expressing certain sub-
stances to extract the fluid parts from them. The
grounds which remain after treating a substance
with water, alcohol, or any other menstruum.
Also, a salve of a certain consistence.
Magma or Marc op Olives is the residuum
after the greatest possible quantity of oil has been
extracted from olives by making them ferment.
It was formerly employed as a stimulant, under
the form of a bath — to which the name Bain de
Marc was given by the French.
Maoma or Marc of Grapes, Bry'tia, was
once employed for the same purposes.
MAGMA RETICULE, 'reticulated magma.'
The gelatiniform substance found between the
chorion and amnion in the early period of em-
bryonic existence.
MAGXES, Magnet.
_Mag.\es Arsexica'lis. (Sulphur, wliite ame-
nic, and common antimony, of each equal parts.
Mix by fusion.) It is corrosive. See Magnetic
plaster.
Maon'es EpiLEPSiiE, Hydrargyri sulphuretum
rubrum.
MAGNE'SFA, Aharnahax, Chamhar, Terra
nma'ra, J/ i/ursia terra. Talc earth; from mag-
»ef, ' the magnet.' An alkaline earth whose me- I
36
tallic base is magnesium. The term Magnesia
was employed, of old, for any substance that
seemed to have the power of attracting some
principle from the air. At present it is restricted
to —
Magnesia, M. vata seu calcina'ta, Cal'rined
Magnesia, Oxide of magnc'sium, (F.) Magnenie
brulee, Magnesie, M. Canstiqiie. This is obtained
by exposing carbonate of magnesia to a strong
heat. It is inodorous; taste very slightly bitter;
in the form of a white, liglit, spongy, soft powder.
S. g. 2-3 ; requiring 2000 times its weight of water
for its solution. It is antacid, and laxative when
it meets with acid in the stomach. Dose, gr. x
to ,^j in water or milk.
Henry's, Jfnsbrnid's, and Ellis's Magnesia, are
dense forms of this preparation.
Magnesia, Acetate of, Magnesiae aoetas —
m. Aerata. Magnesiae carbonas — m. Alba, M. ear-
bonas — m. Calcinata, M. usta — m. Citrate of,
Magnesiae citras — m. Dinneford's, see Magnesia,
fluid — m. Edinburgensis, M. carbonas.
Magnesia, Effervescing, Moxon's. (Mag-
nea. carb. ; M. aulphat. ; SodcB birarbon., Arid
tartaric, aa. partes a?quales ; to be pulverized,
well dried, mixed, and enclosed in bottles herme-
tically sealed.) Dose, a teaspoonfiil in half a
tumbler of water, drunk in a state of effervescence.
Magnesia, Ellis's, see Magnesia.
Magnesia, Fluid. Under this name a prepa-
ration is designated, which consists of a solution
of carbonate of magnesia in carbonated water.
It is also termed carbonated magnesia trater, ae-
rated magnesia mater, and condensed solution, of
magnesia, (F.) E<tu mitguesienne. Dinneford's
Magnesia is a solution of this kind.
Magnesia, Henry's, Magnesia — m. Husband's,
see Magnesia — m.Mitis, Magnesiae carbonas — m.
Muriate of, I\Iagnesii chloridum — m. Nigra, Man-
ganese, black oxide of.
Magnesia Opali'na. A name given by Le-
mfiry to a mixture of equal parts of antimony,
nitrate of potassa, and chloride of sodium, (decre-
pitated.) It has emetic properties, but is not
used.
Magnesia Salis Amari, Magnesiae carbonas
— m. Salis Ebsdamensis, Magnesiie carbonas — m.
Saturni, Antimonium — m. Solution of, condensed,
M. fluid — m. Subcarbonate of, Magnesiae carbo-
nas— m. Subcarbonate of, hydrated, Magnesiae
carbonas — m. Terra, Magnesia — m. Vitriolata,
JIagnesiae sulphas — m. and Soda, sulphate of, see
Soda, sulphate of — ra. Usta, Magnesia.
Magne'si.E Ace'tas, Ac"ctate of Magne'ain.
This salt is prepared by saturating carbonate of
magnesia with acetic acid. It is of syrupy con-
sistence, and about four ounces is a dose. It acts
like citrate of magnesia.
MagnesI/E Car'bonas seu Subcar'bonns, Mag.
nesia (Dublin), M. aera'ta seu carbon'icn seu
alba, 3f. Subenrbou'ica seu Mitia seu Edinbnrg-
en'sis seu S(dis Ebsdamen'sis seu Sidis ama'ri,
Car'bonas magne'sicum, Lac terrce, Hi/poenr'bonat
magne'siee, Terra aniara aera'ta seu absor'bena
minera'lis seu talco'sa oryauthraco'des, Siibcar'-
honatc tf Magnesia, liy'drated Subcar'bonate of
j\faguesia, (F.) Sons-carbonate ou carbonate de
Magnesie, Magnesie aerec ou blanche ou crai;etise
ou douce ou efferveacente ou mnyenne ou Anglaiae,
Craie ou Tcrre magnesienne, Lait de Terre, Pa-
nache Anglaise, Pond rede Scntinclli ou de Valen-
tini ou du Comte de Palme ou de Zwinger. Pre-
pared from sulphate of magnesia by subcarbonate
of potassa. It is inodorous ; insipid; light; white;
spongy; opake; effervescing with acids; inso-
luble in water. Properties the same as the last;
but the carbonic acid, when set free, sometimes
causes unpleasant distension.
Magnesia Citras, Citrate of JIagnesia, (F.)
MAGNESIAN LEMONADE
5fi2
MAGNOLIA GLAUCA
Citratr de MnqncKie. A saline prcpamtion, formed
by saturating ji solution of citric acid with cither
iiKiijucsin or its cinJxiiHtte. Dose, an ounce. It
is devoid of the bitter taste of the inagnesian
salts.
A solution in water, or in mineral water, sweet-
ened with syrup, and acidulated with citric acid,
makes an agreeable purgative. A simple solu-
tion in water has been called magneninn lemonade.
In the ett'ervescing state, it is the effervencing
7iitii/)iesifni lemoiKrde. The Pharmacopoeia of the
United States (1851) has a form for the Licjuou
MAG.VESIyE Citha'tis, Solution of Citrate of Jlag-
iiisia. Take of Carhonate of magnesia, ^v : ci-
tric acid, ^I^viiss ; Syrup of citric acid, f.^ij ;
^Vlltcr, a sufficient quantity. Dissolve the citric
acid in f.^iv of water, and add ^iv of the carho-
nate of magnesia, previously rubbed with f.^iij
of water. AVhen the reaction has ceased, filter
into a strong f^xij glass bottle, into which the
syrup of citric acid has been previously intro-
duced. Rnb the remaining carbonate of magne-
sia with f ^^ij of water, and pour the mi.xture into
the bottle, which must be well corked, and secured
with twine; and shake the mi.xture occasionally
nntil it becomes transparent. As a cathartic the
whole of this may be taken.
Magnksi^f, Hypocahbonas, M. carbonas — m.
Subcarbonas, M. carbonas — m. Vitriolicum, Mag-
nesias sulphas.
Magnbsi^ Sulphas, SnlpJias MagncicB pnri-
Jicn'ta, Magnesia ritriola'ta, Sal catlmr'ticns
ama'rns seu catharticnm aniarnm seu ania'rnm
seu Anglica'iium seu Epsomen'sis seu catharticnm
Anglica'nna seu Sedlicen'sis seu Ebudanien'ne sou
S'jjilnchiitzen'fe, Terra ama'ra sulphu'rica, Vitri-
ol'icnm JIagne'sicR, Sidpliate of lifagnetia, Epnom
Salt, Bitter pnrging Salt, (F.) Snl/ate de mag-
li^tie, Scl admirable de Lemery, Sel d'JEgra. Gene-
rally obtained from sea-water. Its taste is bitter
and disagreeable. It is soluble in an equal
quantity of water at 60°. It is purgative and
diuretic. Dose, as a cathartic, ^ss to ^ij.
MAGNESIAN LEMON ADE, 'Magnesise
citras. ^ ^
MAGNESTE AER^E, Magnesiae carbonas—
— m. Anglaise, Magnesiae carbonas — m. Blanche,
Magnesia9 carbonas — m. Brulee, Magnesia usta —
m. Carhonate de, Magnesiae carbonas — m. Cans-
tii/iie. Magnesia usta — m. Citrate de, Magnesiae
citras — m. Crayeuxe, Magnesiae carbonas — m.
Jliince, Magnesia3 carbonas — m. Effervescente,
Magnesiae carbonas — m. 3/oyenne, Magnesiae car-
bunas — m. SoKHcarhnnate de, Magnesiae carbonas
— m. Sid fate de, MagnesiiB snljjhas.
MAGNE'SII CIILO'RIDUM, Chloride of
Ifagne'nium, Iln'riate of iMagnesia, This bitter
deliquescent salt has been given as a mild and
effective cholagogue cathartic, in the dose of half
an ounce to the adult. Being deliquescent, it
mav be kept dissolved in its weight of water.
MAGNESIUM, see Magnesia— m. Chloride of.
Magnesii chloridum — m. Oxide of, Magnesia
usta.
MAGNET, jifagnea, Magne'tpn, Ferrnm magnes
ottracto'rium, Sideri'tes, Sideri'tia, Lupin hera-
clf'nii seu Si/deri'tin sou nnn'ticna, Magni'tin, so
called from Magnes, its discoverer, or from Mag-
nesia, where it is said to have been first found.
(F.) Aimant. Pierre d'Aimant. The magnet or
Jmnhtone. An amorphous, oxydulated ore of
iron, which exprts an attraction on uninagneti/ed
iron, and has the property of exhibiting poles;
that is, of pointing by one of its extreuiilies to
the north. This ore, by constant or long rub-
bing, communicates its properties to iron ; and
thus artificial magnets are formed. Magnetic
ore is found in many countries, and particularly
in the island of Eli>a. The magnet is sometimes
used to extract spicula of iron from the eye or
from wounds. It has been employed as an anti-
spa.smodic; but acts only through the irnagina.
tion. The powder has been given as a tonic. In
Pharmaci/, it is used to purify iron filings. It
attracts the iron, and the impurities remain be-
hind. It formerly entered, as an ingredient, into
several plasters, to draw bullets and heads of
arrows from the body — as the Emplastrnm divi-
iitim Nicolai, the Emplaitrnni nigrnni of Aui's-
burg, the Opodeldoch, and Attractivnm of Para-
celsus, &c.
MAGXETES, Magnet.
MAGNET'IC, Magnet'icua, (F.) Magnftiqne.
Same et3-mon. That which belongs or relates to
magnetism ; — mineral or animal.
Magnktic Fluid. A name given to the im-
ponderable fluid to which the magnet owes its
virtues. By analogy it is applied to a particular
principle, supposed to be the source of organio
actions, which affects, it is conceived, the ner-
vous system principally, and is susceptible of
being transmitted from one living body to an-
other, by contact or simple approximation, and
especially under the influence of fixed volition.
See Magnetism, Animal.
Magnetic Plastkr. A plaster, at present,
not used. It has for its base a mixture, called
Ifagnes arsenica'lis ; formed of equal parts of
antimony, sulphur and arsenic melted together in
a glass cucurbit. The name 3lagnetic planter
was, likewise, given to such as contained pow-
dered magnet.
MAGNETINUS, Potassse supertartras im-
purus.
MAG'NETISM, AN'IMAL, MeH'merism,rnih'-
etiam, Nenroga' mia, Bioga'mia, Biomagiielin'niua,
Zoomagnetis' nnia, Exon'eurism (profiosed bj' Mr.
H. Mayo), Tellurin'mua, Anthropomagiietia'mua,
Gar'gale, Gargalis'mna, Gar'galna. Properties
attributed to the influence of a particular i)rin-
ciple, which has been compared to that which
characterizes the magnet. It is supposed to be
transmitted from one person to another, and to
impress peculiar modifications on organic action,
especially on that of the nerves. The discus-
sions, to which this strange belief has given rise,
are by no means terminated. There is no evi-
dence whatever of the existence of such a fluid.
Highly imyiressible persons can be thrown into a
kind of hysteric or 'magnetic' sleep and somnam-
bulism, (designated by Mr. Braid, hyp'notium,
nenro-hyp'notiam, and itervona sleep); but farther
than this, the efforts of the magnetizer cannot
reach. It is a mode of action upon the nerves
through the medium of the senses.
MAGNETIZATION, Mesmerization.
MAGNETIZED, Mesmerized.
MAGNETIZKH, Mesmerizcr.
MAGXITIS. Mairnot.
MAGNITUDO CORPORIS, Stature— m. Gi-
gantea, see (Jiant.
MAGNOC. Jatropha manihot.
MAGNOLIA FRAtJRANS, M. glauca.
MagN'o'lia Glauc'4, Jfagnolia, M. frngrnna,
Small Magnolia, Sicamp Saa'aafraa, Elk ' Barh,
Indian Bark, White Lanrcl, Sweet Bay, Beaver
Wood, Bearer Tree, White Bay, Cinchona of
Virginia, Cantor Bay, Sweet or Lanrel niagnolin,
(F.) Magnolier ylanipie. Ord. Magnoliiicca!.
The bark is possessed of tonic properties, roein-
bling those of ca.scarilla, canella. <tc. The same
may be said of the Jlfagnolia tripet'ala seu Unt'
hrella, Uuitirel'la tree; the M. acumlna'ta or
Cn'cnmher tree, the if. grandlflo'ra and M. nia-
crophyl'la, Lanrel. Elk icood, Silrerleaf. Big leaf,
White Bay, Beaver Tree, Kl,: bark, lily bloom.
Magnolia (Ph. U. S.), is the hark of Jtfagiiolia
glauca, M. ucutnina'ta, and M. trij'et'ula.
MAGNOLIER GLAUQUE 563 MA LAD lES ACQUISES
MAGNOLTER GLAUQUE, Magnolia glauea.
MAGNUM DEI DON UM, Cinchona.
Magnum Os. The third bone of the lower row
of the carpus, reckoning from the thumb. It is
tlie largest bone of the carpus ; and is, also, called
Oh cnpild'tiim ; {¥.) Gniiid On.
MAGllUMS. A popular name in the State of
New York for a singular convulsive affection,
\vhi<:h resembles chorea. It rarely, however, oc-
curs before the adult age; never ceases sponta-
neously, and, when fully developed, is devoid of
any paroxysmal character.
MAGUEY, Agave Americana.
MAHMOUDY, Convolvulus scammonia.
MAllOGAN FEIilllFUGE, Swietenia febri-
fuge.
MAHOGANY, Gynocladus Canadensis. Also,
a drink in use among the Cornish fishermen of
England, which is made of two parts gin and one
part treacle, well beaten together. An analogous
drink — a mixture of whisky and honey, (see
,M('ii(l, under Ilydromel,) is known in the High-
lands of Scotlnnd by the name Athol pnrrid<ie.
Mahooany Mouxtain, Betula lenta — m. Tree,
Swieteniii mnhogani.
MAIANTIIRMUM, Convallaria maialis.
MA[DKNIIAIll, Adiantum capillus veneris —
ni. American, Adiantum pedatuin — -m. Canada,
Adiantum pedatum — ra. Common, Asplonium
trichouianoides — m. Golden, Polytrichum — m.
White, Asplenium ruta muraria.
MA ri)EN' HE A D, Virginity.
MAIDENHOOD, Virginity.
MAIEIA, Obstetrics.
MAIEUMA, see Parturition.
MAIEUSIS, Parturition.
MAIEUTA, see Parturition.
MAIEUTER, Accomhenr.
MAFEUTES, Acconchhir.
MAIEUTICA Alls, Obstetrics.
MA KIR R (-R. Emaciation.
MAILLET, Mallet.
MAILLOT, Swathing clothes.
J/.l/y, Manua.
MAIRANIA UVA URSI, Arbutus urva ursi.
MAIS, Zea mays.
MAISON PETITE, Morotrophium.
MAJOR HEI/rCIS. A narrow band of mus-
oulur fibres situate upon the anterior border of
the helix of the ear, just above the tragus.
MAJORANA, Origanum majorana — tn. Hor-
tcnsis, Origanum majorana — m. Syriaca, Teu-
ciiiim marum.
MAKROCEPHALUS, Macrocephalus.
MAL ir AMOUR, Oilontalgia.
MAL DES A R DENS. A name given to a
fpeci.s of pestilential erysipelas or Saint Aiitlio-
iit/'n fire, which reigned epidemically in France,
in 11. in.
MAL D'AVENTUJiE, Paronychia — m. di
Iliriin, Scheilievo — m. Cadue, Epilepsy — m. de
Cfr/\ Tetanus.
MAL DE CRIMHe (F.), L^pre des Cossnquei,,
Lepra Tau'rica. A variety of lepra in the
Crimen.
MAL BE DENT. Odontalgia— m. d' Extomnc,
riithonophagia — m. Din'n, Kpilep.sy — hi. d'Eii-
J'liit, Pains (Labour) — in. di Fiiime, Scherlievo —
»". FriiiK^nin, Syphilis— HI. de Gurrjp, Cynanche —
«i. Grand, see Epilepsy — m. Ifaiit, Epilep.sy — m.
'/•■ Mdchoire, Trismus — w. de Mer, Nausea ma-
rina—m. de Mire, Hysteria — m. de Mint-re, Pel-
lagra— m. de Miiutitrjiie. Puna — m. de Naplen,
f^yphilis— HI. Petit, see Epilepsy — m. den Piedt et
den mniun. Acrodynia — m. jR^fjioiinle, Endemy —
t". lie la Rnna, Pellagra — m. dn Roi, Scrofula— ni.
Jiiiiif/e de Cii/eniie, Elephantiasis of Cayenne — m.
Saint Antuine, Erysijielas — hi. Saint Jean, Epi-
lep.sy — m. Saint Main, Lepra, Psora — m. di Sclier-
liero, Svherlieco — m. de Siani, Fever, yellow.
31 A L BE SAy LAZARO, Coeubaij. A le-
prous disease, common in Colombia, S. America.
MAL BEL SOLE, Pellagra — ni. de Solorjne,
Ergotism — m. de Terre, Epilepsy — m. d Tete,
Cej)halalgia — m. del Vulle, Proctocace — m. Vat,
see Anthrax.
MALA, Gena — m. Aurea, see Citrus auran-
tium.
MALABATII'RINUM. Ancient name of an
ointment and a wine, into which the inalabathvuni
entered.
MALABA'THRUM, Cadeji-hidi. The leaves
of a tree of the East Indies. These leaves en-
tered into the theriae, mithridate, and other an-
cient electuaries. They are believed to be from
a species of laurel — Lanrnn Cannia ; but, accord-
ing to others, from Lannis Mahthathvum. The
0 leum Malahathri is obtained from it.
MALACCA RADIX, Sagittarium alexiphar-
maeum.
MALACHE, Malva rotundifolia.
MALA'CIA, from ixa'Snicia, 'softness.' A de-
pravation of taste, in which an almo.^^t universal
loathing is combined with an exclusive longing
for some particular article of food. If the pa-
tient desires substances that are noxious or not
eatable, it constitutes Pica, Pinno'sis, Pitto'nin,
Ileterorex'in, ILeterorrhex'in, Cinna, Citta'sis,
Vitta, Limo'nis Pica, Allntrinpha'ijia. Picacin'.
mnn, Pica'tin, Bepra've.d ap'petile, (F.) Envie.
These sj'mptoms accompany several nervous af-
fections,— those of females in particular. In
pregnancy it is common, and is termed Lmujlny.
Malacia ApRiCANOiiUAf, Chthonophagia — m.
Cordis, Ciirdiomalacia.
MALACISMUS, Mollities.
MALACOG ASTER, Gastrom.alaxia.
MALACOPHO'NUS, from ,iaUKia, 'softness,'
and (,'iui'i;, 'voice.' One who has a soft voice.
MALACOPCEA, Emollients.
MALACORIUM, see Punica granatum.
MALACOSARCO'SIS, from /««X«»os. 'soft,' and
(Tijpf, aaoKOi, 'flesh.' State of softness of the
muspul.ar system.
MALACOSIS, Mollities— m. Cerebri, Mollities
cerebri — ni. Cordis, Cardiomalacia — m. Hepatis,
Ilepatomalacia — ni. Uteri, Ilysteromalacia.
MALACOSTEON, Mollities ossium.
MALACOSTEOSIS. Mollities ossium.
MALACTICA, Emollients.
MALACTICUM, Relaxant.
MALADE. Sick.
MALABIE, Disease — m. An/jfaise, Hypochon-
driasis— w. lileue, Cyanopathy — m. de Briijht,
Kidney, Bright's disease of the — m. Ihd/ense, see
Bullous, Pemphigus — m. de Cnireilheir, see
Brash, weaning — m. Cneulaire, Pertussis — m.
Glandidaire, Elephantiasis Arabica — m. Lnarji.
naire. Hypochondriasis, Hysteria — m. Merciirielle,
llj'drargyriasis.
MALADTE BES MTXEURS. Anremia oc-
curring in the workers in mines.
MALABIE NOIRE, Meh^na- m. dn Payn,
Nostalgia — m. Pedien/aire. Phtheiriasis — ni.de
/'o^^ Vertebral disease — m. Ti/phoide, see Typhus
— m. Venfrienne, Syphilis — m. de Vennn, Syphilis
— ni. de Werlh'if, Purpura hirmorrhagica.
MA LA DIES A CQ U/SES, Acquired diseases—
ni.vlHiii(("//f«,.\nnual diseases--Hi.(.7iivjii/yi(^«, Chro-
nic diseases — m. Cannfen, Connate diseases — »n.
Binnininleen, Feigned diseases — m. E.rternen.Ester-
nal diseases — nt. Feinten, Feigned diseases — m.lle.-
reditairen. Hereditary diseases — m. Inneen, Innate
diseases — m. Lfgltinien, see Legitimate — m. Ner-
vennen. Nervous diseases — ni. Reliijiennen, Reli-
gious diseases — m. Simnlees, Feigned diseases^
MA LAD IF
564
MALLEUS
«. SporndiqucK, see Sporadic — m. Siipposies,
Feigned diseases — m. Ventenaes, Pneumatosis.
MALADll\ Sickly.
MA L A D R Eli IE, Ladrerie.
MALADY, ENGLISH, Hypochondriasis.
^L'\L»E OS, from mahnti, ' an .apple ;' so called
from its roundness. Zi/;/o'iii<i, Os mnla're seu
Jnya'le senjur/aiiien'tiini sen Genes seu Ziiyomnt' i-
cwii seu Hi/ pa' pin III s^u SnbocvJa're seu Pudi'-
cHiii, (F.) Os Xfiilaire ou Zi/r/oinatiqiie ou de la
Pominette. The rheel: or nidlar hone. This bone
is situate at the later.al and superior part of the
face ; and constitutes the zygomatic region of the
cheek. It is irregularly quadrilateral. Its outer
surface is convex, covered by muscles and skin,
and pierced with canals, called malar, through
which vessels and nerves pass. Its upper sur-
face is concave, and forms part of the orbit. Its
]}osterior surface is concave, and enters into the
composition of the temporal fossa. This bone is
thick and cellular. It is articulated with the
frontal, temporal, sphenoid, and superior maxil-
lary bones, and is developed by a single point of
ossification.
The part of the face rendered prominent by
it, the French call Pammelte.
MATjAG'MA, from ^aXuaata, 'I soften.' An
emollient cataplasm, and, in general, every local
application which enjoys the property of soften-
ing organic tissues.
MALAfRE. Malar.
MA LA fSE. Indisposition.
MALAKIEN. Mollitics.
MALA MHO BA41K, Matias.
MALANDEllS, Malandria.
MALAN'DRIA. A species of lepra or elephan-
tiasis.— Marcellus Empiricus. }[nl'auder8 or
Midl'enders, is a disease of the horse, which con-
sists of a scurfy eruption on the inside of the
hock, or a little below it, as well as at the bend
of the knee. It is called Malhhders in the fore-
leg, and S'liUeiHlern in the hind leg. — Youatt.
MALANDRIO'SUS, Leprous. Affected with
malandria.
MALAR, Mida'ris, (P.) JIfalaire, from mala,
'the cheek,' Belonging to the cheek, — as the
malar bone.
Mai.ar Process, Zygomatic process.
MALARE OS, Mal» os.
MALARIA, Miasm.
MALA'RIOUS, Mnla'rinl. Owing to, or con-
nected with Malaria, — as a malarious soil, mala-
rious dinense, &c.
MALASSIMILA'TT0T^,J/n?awmj7«'^i-o/from
mala, ' bad,' iind astimilatio, 'assimilation.' Im-
perfect or morbid assimilation or nutrition.
MAL'AXATE, MoUi're, Snhifj"ere,M<dc,cisi,a'.
re, (F.) Malaxcr, from naXaaau), ' I soften.' To pro-
duce softening of drugs, by kneading them. The
process is called 3falaxa'lio>i, Malaxa'tio.
MALAXATION. see Malaxate.
MALAXIA VEXTRICULL Gastromalaxia.
MALAXIS, Mollities — m. Cordis, Cardioma-
lacia — m. Ilepatica, Adiposis hcpatica.
MALAY, see Homo.
MALAZISSA'TUS, Malacissn'tus, same ety-
mon as Malaxate. One in whom the testicles
have not descended. It has, also, been used sy-
nonymously with emaacula'tus and muliera'tus. —
Castelli.
MALCE, Chilblain.
MALE, Max. Mas'cuhiit. Of the sex that be-
gets young. Not female. What belongs to the
in.ale sex : as the male organs of generation.
Male, Axilla.
Male OiiCAX. Penis.
MALE Dl BRENO, see Scherlievo — m. Sea-
hioso veiieren, Scherlievo.
MALEFICIUM, Poisoning.
MALFORMA'TION, mal/orma'tfo, mnlcon/or-
ma'tio ; from mal, and forma, ' form.' A wrong
formation ; or irregularity in the structure of
parts. See Monster.
3rAL/lERRE, Plumbago Europroa.
MALIA, see Eijuinia.
MALIASMUS, Malis, see Equinia.
MALICE. Althjpa.
MALICTIORIUM, see Punica granatum.
MALICORIUM, see Punica granatum.
MALIE, Equinia,
MALKJ'NANT, 3ralig'nw,, (F.) Mnlln. A
term applied to any disease whose symptoms arc
so aggravated as to threaten the destruction of
the patient. A disease of a very serious chanie-
ter, although it may be mild in appearance; —
Morhns vinlii/iius.
MALTN, Malignant.
MALING'ERER; from (F.) mnlingre,' !'\My.'
A simulator of disease, so termed in the British
military service.
MALIS, 3faliaa'mos, Cuta'neoua vermiiw'tinii,
Hrlminthon'vus. The cuticle or skin infested
with animalcules, — Phthiri'asis, Parasitia'wiiH
superfir"iei. In Persia, this affectioi) is proiluced
by the Guinea worm ; in South America, by tho
Chigre; and in Europe, occasionally by the
Louse. See Equinia, and Phtheiriasis.
Malis Dracunciihis, Dracunculus — m. Gordii,
Dracunculus — m. Pediculi, Phtheiriasis.
MALLENDERS, Malandria.
MALLE'OLAR, Malhola'ris, from mallenlm,
'the ankle.' (Y.) Malleolaire. Belonging or re-
lating to the ankles.
Malleolar Arteries are two branches fur-
nished by the anterior tibial about the instep;
the one — the infernal — passes transversely tieliind
the tendon of the tibialis anticus, to be distrihuteil
in the vicinity of the malleolus intcrnus; — the
other — the external — glides behind the tendons
of the extensor communis digitorum pedis and the
peroneiis hreris, and sends its branches to the
parts which surround the outer ankle, as well as
to the outer rcirion of the tarsus.
MALLE'OLUS. Diminutive of mnllens, 'a
mallet, or hammer;' Raie'ta, Raste'tn, Rasrhn,
RasPtta, Rase'ta. SSphyrn, Talus, DIoh'ehds, Tu-
le'ohis, Peza, Ankle, (Prov.) Anchr, Anclet,
AiidifT, An<-low, Aid-ley, Ri<k. (Sc.) Cute, Coot
HanelctJi, Heather-eln, '(¥.) Malleole. Cheville du
Pied. The two projections formed by the bonc!)
of the leg at their inferior part. The inner be-
longs to the tibia; the oK^f/- to the fibula. The
ankles afford attachment to ligaments: and each
has a sort of gutter, in which certain tendons
slide. See Malleus.
MALLET, jralle'olns, (F.) Maillet. A kind
of hammer, used with a. gouge for removing or
cutting bones, in certain surgical and anatomical
operations.
MAL'LEUS, Malle'ohis, Ossie'nhim Mulholo
asilmila'tum, (F.) Marteau. The longest and
outermost of the four small bones of the ear. It
is situate at the outer part of the tympanum, and
is united to the membrana tyinpani. It has, 1.
An ovoid head, which is articulated behind with
the incus, and is supported by a narrow part
called the neck: this has, anteriorly, a Ioikj npn-
phi/sis, which is engaged in the glenoid fissure,
anil is called the Apopin/sis or Process, Proces'siia
grac"ilis, of Rau. It affords attachment to the
anterior seu externus mallei muscle. 2. A handle,
which forms an obtuse angle with the neck, and
corresponds to the membrane of the tympanum,
which it seems to draw inwards. It is furnished
at its upper extremity with a process — the pro-
cessus hreris, to which the intemus vinllei is at-
tached. This bone is developed by a single poiut
of ossification.
MALLOW, COMMON
50 5
MAMMARY
Malleus, Equiniti — M. farciminosus, see Equi-
niii — ui. Slender Process of the, Urik apcfjihyee
du tmirletiu.
MALLOW, COMMON, Malv.i— rn. Compound
(U'c()i;ti(»n of, Uecoctum uialvw corapositura — m.
Iniliaii, Abulilon Avicennae — in. Yellow, Abutilon
Avic'iiiiae.
MALLS, Riibeoln.
MAL'MEDY, MINERAL WATERS OF. Mal-
medy is a town in Rheniih Prussia, between Spa
and Coblenz. In its immediate vicinity are seve-
ral acidulous clialybeate springs.
MALO Df SCARLIKVO, Scherlievo.
MALOGRAXATUM, Punica granatum.
MALPIGIII, ACINI OF, Corpora Malpi-
gliiana.
MALPIG'IIIA MOUREL'LA, (F.) Moureil-
ller, Siiiitiroiibd faux. The bark of this shrub —
a native of Cayenne — is reputed to be febrifuge,
ami useful in diarrhoea.
MALPKilllAN BODIES, Corpora Malpighi-
ana — in. b. Inflammation of the. Kidney, Bright's
disease of the — -m. b. of the Spleen, see Spleen.
MAIiPUAX'LS, Miiln praxis, Malum 7-e^"imeii.
Bad tnanagement or treatment.
MALT, Sax. mealr, Dutch, mout, Teut.
malt; from /inXarriD, ' I soften ;' [?] Ili/iie, Mnl-
tiiiii, llar'dei iiiidlum, Bfd'slum, (F. ) Drerhe. Bar-
ley made to germinate, for the purpose of forming
beer. It has been recommended in medicine, as
antiscorbutic, antiscrofulous, Ac.
Malt Spirit. A spirit distilled from malt. It
is the basis of most of the spirituous cordials.
MALTA, CLIMATE OF. The climate of
Malta is pretty equable, the range of tempera-
ture in the twenty-four hours being rarely more
than G°. The air is almost always dry and clear.
Tlio most disagreeable wind is the sirocco, which
is the source of more or less suffering to the pul-
monary invalid. The winter climate is favour-
able. Dr. Liddcll thinks that no place which he
has seen in the south of Europe can compete with
Malta, for a mild, dry, bracing air in November,
Decomhor, and jiart of January; and during the
other winter and spring months, he thinks it is
equal to any of them.
MALTHA, Mnlthe, from /ioAarru), 'I Soften.'
Wax, particularly soft wax.
MALTIIACTICA, Emollients.
MALTIIAXIS, MoUities.
MALUM, Disease, Melum — m. Articulorum,
Gout — m. Caducura, Epilepsy — m. Caducum. pul-
monum, Asthma — m. Canum, see Pyrus eydonia
— ni. Coense, Averrhoa carainbola — ni. Cotoneum,
see Pyrus eydonia — m. llypochondriacum, Hy-
pochondriasis— m. Ilystericum, Hysteria — in. In-
Hanum, see Solanum Melongena — m. Ischindicum,
Neuralgia femoro-poplitica — m. Lazari, Elephan-
tiasis— ni. Lyeo])ersicum, Solanum lycopersieum.
JIam'h JMou'thum. A species of lepra, in
which the affected portions of skin seem to be
struck with death.
Malum Pilakk. Trichosis— m. Pottii, Vertebral
disease — m. Priinarium. Idiopathia — m. Regimen,
Malpraxis — m. Spinosum, Datura strnmonium—
m. Terrestre, Atropa Mandragora — m. Venereum,
Syphilis.
MALUS, Pyrus mains — m. Anrantia major.
Citrus aurantium — m. Communis, Pyrus malus —
lU. Dnsyphylla, Pyrus malus.
Malus In'dica, BiUimli b!t!»g-h;»g of Ron-
tius. Ocrf. Rosaceas. The juice "of this East In-"
dia tree is cooling, and is drunk as a cure for
fevers. The leaves, boiled and made into a cata-
plasm with rice, are famed in all sorts of tumours.
The juice, mixed with arrack, is drunk for the
cure of diarrluva. The ripe fruit is eaten as a
delicacy ; and the unripe is made into a pickle
for the use of the table.
Malus Limonia Acioa, see Citrus medicn — m.
Medica, see Citrus mediea — m. Sylvestris, Pyrus
malus.
MALVA, M(ih-(i m/lves'tris seu vuhj'i' rin, Cotn-
mo>'- Jfal/tiir, (F.) Miiiire navvdr/e. Oi'd. Mal-
vaceiB. The leaves and flowers are chiefly used
in fomentations, cataplasms, and emollient ene-
mata. Its properties are demulcent.
Maluit rotiiiidi/o'tid, Mdl'ache, Mid'aclie, has
like virtues: as well as the other varieties.
MAL^AVISCUM, Althcxa.
MAL\^.RN, WATERS OP. The village of
Great Malvern, (pronounced Maw'veni,) in Wor-
cestershire, England, has for many years been
celebrated for a spring of remarkable purity,
which has acquired the name of the //'//// well.
It is a carbonated water; containing carbonates
of soda and iron, sulphate of soda, and chloride
of sodium ; and is chiefly used externally, in cu-
taneous affections.
MAMA-PIAN. (F.) Mdmnn-pian. An ulcer
of a bad aspect, which is the commencement of
the plan ; and which, after having destroyed the
flesh, extends to the bones. It is also called the
3[<ither of Pidiis ; — Ln mere den piium.
MAMEI, Mamoe, j\t(innn or Toddy tree. From
incisions made in the branches of this West In-
dian tree, a copius discharge of pellucid liquor
occurs, which is called mom in or Toddy irine. It
is very diuretic, and is esteemed to be a good an-
tilithic and lithontrii)lic.
31AMELLE, Mamma.
31AMEL0X, Njpple.
31 A MEL OXXE, Mammillated.
3rA3[ELOXS DU REIN, Papillsc of the
kidney.
MAMILLA, Mammula, see Mamma.
MAMMA, from mninmu, one of the earliest
cries of the infant, ascribed to ,a desire for food.
3rdsth>8, 3f<(sf,iR, 3[d>ioH, Tliele. Tittlins, Titty,
Rumn, Uher, ouSap, Nutrijr, Gemiji'oma. The
female breant, Pap, Pappp, (3faiiimi/'ld, 3fdmilla
being the male breast;) (F.) 3/itnielle. A glan-
dular organ, proper to a class of animals — the
mdiiimalin — and intended for the secretion of
milk. The mammas exist in both ^exes, but they
acquire a much greater size in the female; especi-
ally during pregnancy and lactation. In women,
before the age of puberty, the breasts are but
little developed. At this period, however, to-
wards the central part of each breast, the skin
suddenly changes colour, and assumes a rosy
tint. It is of a reddish brown in women who
have suckled several children. This circle has a
rugous appearance, owing to the presence of
sebaceous glands, and is called Are'ola or Anre'-
nla. These glands — Titherclen of the Areola, of
Sir Astley Cooper — furnish an unctuous fluid for
defending the nipple from the action of the saliv'ii
of the sucking infant. In the midst of the aure-
ola is the nipple, a conoidal eminence, of a rosy
tint, susceptible of erection, and at the surface
of which the galactophorous ducts open. Besides
the skin covering them, the breasts are, also,
composed of a layer of fatty areolar tissue, more
or less thick ; of a large gland ; excretory ducts;
vessels, nerves, <!kc. See Jlammarv.
In the animal, the mamma is called the Udder,
ov^p, Cher, the Paij.
The breasts, plus the»space between, are called
the hoKom, siiiiiii, colpon ((coAiros). At times, these
terms arc restricted to the space between the
breasts. (F.) Sein.
Mamma also means a nurse.
3fAM.VA [RE, Mammary.
MAMMAL, plural 3famma'l!a, 3fam'mi/er,
mammi/'erouH animal; from ninmtna, 'a breast.'
An animal that suckles its young.
MAM'MARY, 3Ianuna'riua, (F.) JIammaire,
MAMMARY ABSCESS
566
MANDRAGORITES
from j)ifim»ia, 'the breast.' Relating to the
breasts.
Mammary Abscess. Mnstodynia apostematosa.
Mammary Autkkies are three in number.
They are distinguished into — 1. The Inlenial
3f(ii)imayi/, Arte'ria uterna'li'K, A. Soiis-ntermil
(Cli.), Iiiternnl thorac" ic. It arises from the sub-
clavian, and descends obliquely inwards, from its
origin to the earlilage of the third rib. Below
the diaphragm it divides into two branches; the
one exteriKtl. the other infernal. From its origin
until its bifurcation, it gives branches to the
muscles and glands of the neck, to the thymus,
mediastinum, pericardium, and oesophagus. In
each intercostal space it gives off internal and
external mnsculii-i'iitanenus branches, and also,
on each side, the anperior diaphragmatic. Its
two ultimate branches are distributed on the
parietes of the abdomen, and anastomose with
the external mammary, intercostal, lumbar, cir-
cumflexailii, and epigastric arteries. 2. The Ex-
ternal ilammar}/ Arteries are two in number, and
are distinguished into sujicrior anA. inferior. The
superior external mammary. First of the thorarics
(Ch.), Superior external thoracic, Superior tho-
racic, is furnished by the axillary artery. It
descends obliquely forwards between the pector-
alis major and pectoralis minor, to which it is
distributed by a considerable number of branches.
The inferior external mammary, the second of the
thoracics (Ch.), Long or inferior thoracic, arises
from the axillary artery, a little below the pre-
ceding. It descends vertically over the lateral
])art of the thorax; curves, afterwards, inwards;
becomes subcutaneous and divides into a number
of branches, which surround the breast. It gives
branches to the pectoralis major, serratus major
anticus, the intercostal muscles, the glands of
the axilla, and the integuments of the breast.
Mammary Gland, Glan'dida lactifera, is the
secretory organ of the milk. It is situate in
the substance of the breast, to which it gives
shape. The tissue of this gland results from
the assemblage of lobes of different size, united
intimately by a dense are(dar tissue. Each of
these is composed of several lobules, formed of
round granulations, of a rosy white colour, and
of the size of a poppy seed. The glandular
grains give rise to the radicles of the excretory
canals of the mamma, which are called galac-
tophorons or lactiferous. These excretory ves-
sels unite in ramusculi. rami, and in trunks of
greater or less size ; collect towards the centre of
the gland ; are tortuous, very extensible, and
semi-transparent. All terminate in sinuses,
situate near the base of the nipple, which are
commonly from 15 to IS in number. These
sinuses are very short, conical, and united by are-
olar tissue. From their summits, a fasciculus of
new ducts sets out, which occupy the centre of
the nipple and open separately at its surface.
The arteries of the mammary gland come from
the thoracic, axillary, intercostal, and internal
mammary. The veins accompany the arteries ;
the nerves are furnished by the intercostals, and
brachial plexus; the lymphatic vessels are very
numerous, and form two layers. They commu-
nicate with those of the thorax, and pass into the
axillary ganglions.
Mam'mary Sauco'ma, Mastoid sarcoma of
Abernethy, Emphy'ma sarcoma mamma' rum. A
tumour, of the colour and texture of the mam-
mary gland ; dense and whitish ; sometimes softer
and brownish ; often producing, on extirpation, a
malignant ulcer with indurated edges. Found in
various parts of the body and limbs.
Mammary Vkins follow the same course as the
arteries, and have received the same denomina-
tions. The internal mammanj vein, of the right
side, opens into the superior cava; that of the
left, into the eorresi)onding subclavian vein.
The crtcrnal mammary veins open into the axil-
lary vein.
MAMME'A AMERICA'NA, (P.) Ahrieoi snn-
rage. Ord. Guttiferic. The systematic name
of the tree on which the mammre or mamei fruit
grows. This fruit has a delightful flavour when
ripe; and is much cultivated in Jamaica, wlicre
it is generally sold in the markets as one of the
best fruits of the island.
MAMMEA'TA, Mammo'sa, from mamnta, 'the
brea.st.' One who has large breasts,
MAMMELLA, Nijiple.
MAMMFFEK. Mammal.
MAMMIFEROUS ANIMAL, Mammal.
MAMMIFORM, Mastoid.
MAMMILLA. Mamma (male). Nipple.
MAMMILLAE MEDULLARES, see M.ammil-
larv.
MAMMILLARTR, Mastoid.
MAM'MILLARY, Mammllla'ris, from Mnm-
miltfi, 'a small breast, a nipjile.' See Mastoid.
Mammillary EM'iNKNri'. is a name given, 1,
To more or less marked prominences on the inner
surface of the bones of the cranium, which cor-
respond to the anfractuosities of the eraniiiin.
2. To white, round, medullary tubercles, of the
size of a pea, situate at the base of the brain, be-
hind the gray substance from which the 7V'/e
pitiiitaire, of the French anatomists, arises.
These Mammillary Tu'hercirs, Cor'pora alhican''
iia scu Candican'tia sen Mammilla' ria sen Pini-
for'mia. Bnlbi for'nicis, Ifammillcs sen Ghih'iiU.
mednl/a'res. Prominentia! alhican'tes, Pmcpn'iais
mammilla'res cer'ehri, Protensio'ncs glainliita'rcs,
Eniinen'tim candican'tes, Prio'rum cruritm for'-
nicis hulhi, Willis's Glands, (F.) Hulbes lie In
voiite (l trois piliers, Tubercles pisiformes (Ch.),
arc united to each other by a small grayish band,
which corresponds with the third ventricle. Thoy
receive the anterior prolongations of the fornix.
Some ancient anatomists, taking the nervous
trunks, to which AVillis first gave the name of
olfactory verves, for simple appendages of the
brain, called them, an account of their shape,
Oarun'c>d<B mammilla' res. Vesalius, Fallopius,
Columbus, and several others, termed them Pro-
ccs'sus mammilla'res cer'ebri ad narcs. They
have also been called Trif/o'na olfaeto'rin.
MAM'MILLATED, (F.) Mamclonnf., from
mamma, 'the female breast.' That which has
mammiform projections on its surface.
Mammillatrp Livrr. Cirrhosis.
ifAMMITE, Mastitis.
MAMMITIS, Mastitis.
MAMMOSA. Mammeata.
MAM'MULA ; diminutive of Mamma, 3fa-
mil'la. A small breast.
MAMOE, Mamei.
MAN, Aner, Anthropos, Ilomo,
MANAKIN. Fantom.
MAN-IN-TIIE-GROUND, Convolvulus pandiir-
atus — m. of the Earth, Convolvulus pandiiratus.
MANCENILLTER, Ilippomane mancinella.
AfANCHE UIUPPOVllATE, Chaunse.
MANCIIINERL. Hippomane mancinella.
MANCURANA, Origanum.
MANDIRULA, Maxillary bone.
MANDIBULARIS MUSCULUS, Masscter.
MANDIOC, Jatropha manihot.
MANDO. Glutton.
MANDRAGORA, Atropa mandrairora— m.
Aeaulis, Atropa mandragora — ra. Officinalis,
Atropa mandragora — m. Vernalis, Atropa man-
dragora.
MANDRAGORI'TES, from pavfipayoftn^, the
At'ropa mandrag'ora or mandrake. Wine m
which the roots of mandrake have been infused.
MANDRAKE
^67
MANIODES
MANDRAKE, Atropa niandragora, Podophyl-
lum peltatuin, P. montanuin.
MANDHLX A VlR(JI/LfJ, see Jirhe-mque.
MAXUUCATIO, Miistication — in. Difficilis,
Bradymiisfsi?.
M A N ' I) U C A T 0 R Y, 3fauflucntn'rins ; from
Miiiiilncntio, ' inastk-ation.' Appertaining or re-
lating to mastication ; — as,
JlANPrcATORV Nerve, see Trigemini.
MAXHUVRE, Mantfiuvre.
M A N'G A N KS E, Mnin/'ine'siiim, Manrjn'niiim.
A metal, which is pretty abundant in nature in an
oxidi/fd state. It is of a fi;rayi.ih-\vhite colour,
reseml)ling some varieties of cast iron, is hard
and lirittle, and destitute of magnetic properties.
Specific gravity about 8.
Manganese. Bf/VCK Oxihe op, Mnngmre'sii
ox'iilmii seu /iiiiax' idiim, Tetrox.'ide of mnnijn-
neae, Maijiie'iiiii nigra, JfttiiijKnK'siiim vitrnrio'ritni
peu oxydd'tnm nnti'vitm seu nir/nim seu ochrn'-
ceiiiii iii</ruin seu oj-i/da'tinii tidli'viim, Blun'ijauum
ori/d(t'ti(ni niitiviiin, Jf()!i/li</(p')in)n 7iiaf/iie'H>i',
O-eii'ilen iiiftit'(/'inl iiriti'vri, I'cro.r'yilnm ni((iir/aiie'-
tH niiinim uddriiiii, Snperox' yiliiiii )n<iii;/iiii'icnin,
(F.) O.ii/de iioir <le niaii/janeie. This oxide is not
much used in medicine. It has been advised to
dust tlie affected parts, in tinea capitis, with the
powdi'r. It is officinal in the Edinburgh phar-
inaeopiBia. and is used in preparing chlorine, solu-
tion of chlorine, and solution of chlorinated soda.
Manoane.se, Salts of, see Manganese, sul-
phate of. ^
MANGANESE OXYDE NOIR BE, Man-
ganese, black oxide of.
Man'ganese, StiLi'HATE OF, Mungnne'sii Sttl-
plina seu Prntnx'idi Snlphan, Sulphate of Pro-
tox't'df. of Maii'gnnene. A rose-coloured and very
soluble s.alt, isomorphous with sulphate of mag-
nesia. It is prepared on a large scale for the use
of the dyer, by heating, in a close vessel, peroxide
of manganese and coal, and dissolving the im-
pure protoxide, thus obt.ained, in sulphuric acid,
with the addition of a little cholohydric acid
towards the end of the process. Tlie solution is
evaporated (o dryness, and again exposed to a red
heat, by which the persulphate of iron is decom-
posed. Water then dissolves the pure sulphate
of manganese, leaving the oxide of iron behind.
This salt has been recommended as a chola-
gogue, in doses of a drachm or two.
Tlie «((//« tif mn)if)niiene have been recommended
in chlorosis and araenorrhoca, and as substitutes
for chalybeates generally. The subcarbonate and
the oxide have been chiefly employed.
Manganese, TETnoxinE op, M. Black oxide of.
MANHANESII RINOXIDUM, Manganese,
black oxiile of — m. Oxidum, Manganese, black
oxide of — m. Peroxydum nigrum nativum. Man-
ganese, black oxide of- — m. Protoxi<li sulphas.
Manganese, sulphate of — m. Sulphas, Manganese,
Buljihafe of
MAXGAXESIUM, Manganese.
Manganesu'm Ochkaceum Nigruw, Manga-
nese, black oxide of — ni. Oxydatum nativum seu
nigrum. Manganese, black oxide of — m. Vitra-
riorum. Manganese, black oxi<le of.
MAX(JAXI OXODES NATIVA, Manganese,
black oxido of.
MAXCJAXICUM SUPEROXIDUM, Manga-
nese, black oxide of.
MAXC.AXIUM. Mansrnnese.
M A X t! A X U M OXYDATUM NATIVUM,
Manganese, black oxide of.
MAXdK. Scabies ferina.
MAXtJIF'ERA IX'DICA. -ir. dometi'ticn, from
mniKjii, the fruit, and/pro, ' I bear.' The M<xn<jn
tree, (F.) }[iuiifitirr. Ord. TerebinthaccsB. A
tree cultivated over Asia, and in South America.
Mangos, when ripe, are juicy, of a good flavour,
and so fragrant as to perfume the air to a con-
siderable distance. They are eaten, either raw or
preserved with sugar. From the expressed juice
a wine is prepared: and tlie remainder of the ker-
nel can be reduced to an excellent flour for bread.
MANGO TREE, Mansjifera Indiea.
MANGONISATIO, Falsification.
MAN(;OXIUM. Falsification.
MAXGOSTAX'^, (iarcinia inangostana
MANGCSTANA, Garcinia mangostana — tn.
Cambogia. Garcinia eambogia — m. Garcinia, Gar-
cinia mangostana.
MAN(jOUSTAN, Garcinia mangostana.
M AN(iO.S'rKEX'', Garcinia mangostana.
MANGUIER, Mangifora Indiea,
MANHOOD, Adult age.
MANI, Arachis h3'pog;ta.
JIA'NIA, Furor, IleiiiidiitJiro'pia, Furor seU
Euphro'uid seu Delir'ium VKtiilti, Iiifui'iiin, Ue-
lif'ium tuaiii'ticum seu fiirio'aum, Jfiniin iiniver-
no'lin, Vend'iiiri mania, (F.) Manie, Hiiperplir^iiic,
Raving or furious inadnexi, (Sc.) ]r<;(/)ie»/ from
jxaivojiai, ' I am furious.' With some, it means )'»-
Hunity. Disorder of the intellect, in which there
is erroneous judgment or hallucination, which
im|iels to acts of fury. If the raving be not di-
rected to a single object, it is mania properly so
called ; if to one object, it constitutes nitintiuianiu,
which term is, however, usually given to melan-
choly. Mania attacks adults chiefly; and wo-
men more frequently than men. The prognosia
is unfavourable. About one-third never recover ;
and they who do are apt to relapse. Separation
is one of the most eB'ective tiieans of treatment,
with attention to the corporeal condition and
every thing that can add to the mental comfort;
of the patient, and turn his thoughts away from
the subjects of his delusion. In the violence of
the paroxysms, recourse must be had to the strait
waistcoat, the shower bath, &c. Separation
should be continued for some weeks during con-
valescence, with the view of preventing a relapse.
Mania, Dancing. Dancing plague. A form
of convulsion, which has appeared, at various
times, e(iideiuically under the form of St. Titus's
dance, St. John's dance, Tarantism, Hj'stcria,
Tigretier (in Abyssinia), and diseased sympathy:
and which has been fully described by llecker in
his ' Epidemics of the Middle Ages.' See Con-
vuhionuaire.
Mania Ei'ii.eptica. see Epilepsy — m. Erotica,
Erotomania — m. Lactea, JI. puerperal — in. Me-
lancholiea. Melancholy — m. a Patbemate, Empa-
thema — m. a Potu, Delirium tremens. i
Mania, Puer'peuai,, J/, puerpera'mm ocu'ta
seu p»irrpera'lis SCU lac'ten, Insn'nia puerpera'-
rum, Eneephalopathi'n pnerpera'/is, Puer'pernl
Tnsanit;). Mania which supervenes in the child-
bed state.
Mania PtiERPERARum Acuta, M. puerperal —
in. «lue DcUrio, Pathomania — m. a Tcmulentia,
Delirium tremens — m. Pellagria, Pellagra.
MANIACAL, Maniodes.
MANIACUS. Maniodes.
MANICA IIIPPOCRATIS, Chauxse.
MANICOCOMIUxM, Morotrophium.
MANIE. Mania — m. sann Dflire, Einpathema.
MAXKJUETTA. Amomurn grana paradisi.
MANIIIOT UTILISSIMA, .Tatropha manihot.
MAXTIliAR, Jatropha manihot.
MANIKIN. Fantom.
MANILU'VIUM, Jfatuilu'vjiim, from vtanun,
'the hand.' and lavo, 'I wash.' A bath for the
hands. It may be rendered stimulating, by
means of muriatic acid, mustard, Ac.
MANIOC. Jatropha manihot.
MANIO'DES, Mani'acui, Mani'acnl. One la-
bouring under mania; Jhnn'anthro'pus, Fiirio'8U8,
Furibun'duS) Li/ssas, Lijune'ter,
MxVNIPULATION
5r,8
MARIGOLD
MAXIPULA'TION, from vinnus, 'a band.'
M<)<le (if working, ay in pharmacy.
MANIP'ULUS, (F.) Fuiipi^e. The quantity
of a substance capable of filling the hand, A
handful. See Fasciculus.
MAX-MIDWIFE, Accoucheur.
MANNA, see Fra.\inus ornus — m. Brianjon,
see Pinus larix.
Manna Buigantina, see Pinus larix — m. Cala-
hrina, see Fraxinus nrnus — ni. Croup. Semolina
— m. Larioea, see Pinus larix — m. Metallorum,
llvdrarijvri subinurias.
'jfA XNEQf'/iV, Fantom.
MANNIKIN, Fantom.
MANNIN, see Fraxinus ornus.
MANNITE, see Fraxinus ornus.
j1/AA^ffi6'F/^^(F.), pronounced and anglicized
Jfaueu'vre ; from mnin, 'the hand,' and aiivre,
' work.' A dexterous movement. Applied in
France to the practice of surgical or obstetrical
operations on the dead body or phantom ; Ojje-
ro'tio chiriir'i/ica seu ohxtet'rica.
MANSANA ARBOKEA, see Jujube.
MANSFORD'S PLATES, see Galvanism.
MANSOKIUS, Buccinator.
MANSTUPRATIO, Masturbation.
MANTELE, Bandage (body).
MANTI'A, Man'tictt, Mon'tlce, in English,
T»((iici/ ; a common suffix, from the Greek, deno-
ting ' divination;' Z>!"yi'Ha'<jo, PrcBdiviimtio, Prm-
s.i'qiiim,
MANTILE, Bandage (body).
MANTLE. Panniculus carnosus.
MANU'BRIUM, from man,ii>, 'a hand.' The
handle of any thing: — as mnnu'hrinm mnl'lei,
petiohiH nial'lei. 'the handle of the malleus.'
MAN^17^HIU^f, Chasne — m. Jlanfis, Radius.
Manubrium Sterni. The uppermost broad
part of the sternum.
MANIILUVIUM, Bath, hand, Maniluvium.
MANUS, /jno), 'I feel,' naofiai, '1 take,' Cheiv,
Chir, Inn1rume>i'tiim [iistninieiitd'riim, I/ioiiI, Pnic,
(F.) Main. The part which terminates the upper
extremity in man, and which is inscrvientto pre-
hension and touch. It extends from the fold of
tlie wrist to the extremity of the fingers. The
hand is sustained by a bony skeleton, composed
of a number of pieces, movable on each other;
of muscles, tendons, cartilages, ligaments, ves-
sels, nerves, &c. It is divideii into three parts —
the carpus or wrist, the witturiirpiin, and fixgers.
Its concave surface is called the ptihii ; the con-
rex surface the hack of the Jia»tf. The facility
of being able to oppose the thumb to the fingers
in order to seize objects forms one of the dis-
tinctive characters of the human hand.
Mantis Christi Pprla'ta. A name anciently
given to troclies, prepared of pearls and su2:ar of
roses. They were called Maiiuii CInisti shn'plices,
■when pearls were not employed.
Manus Dei. An ancient plaster, prepared of
iva.r, myrrh, frankincense, maslich, gtim ammo-
iiific, f/a/banum, oil, &c. See Opium.
Manus Hupatis, see Liver — m. .Tecoris, see
Liver — m. Parva maiori adjutrix, see Digitus.
MANUSTUPRATIO. Masturbation.
MANUSTUPRATOR, Masturbator.
MANYPLTES, Omasum.
MAPLE, Acer saccharinum — m. Ground, ITcu-
chera cortusa — m. Red, Acer rubrum — m. Striped,
Acer Pennsvlvanicum.
MARATS^, Marsh.
MARANSrS, Atrophy.
MARANTA, Arrow-root — m. Arundinacea,
Arrow-root.
MarAK'ta Gx^.ky'GX, Alpi'nia gnlan'r/a, Amo'-
mnm galanrfn, Oalanija. Onl. Zingiberaceap.
The swnUer f/a/an'<faf. Two kinds of galangal
are mentioned in the pharmacopoeias ; the greater,
obtained from Kcrmpferin gnhivgn, njid tho
smaller, from the root of Jlariiiila gnlaiign. The
dried root is brought from China, in pieces from
one to two inches in length, but scarcely half ns
thick; branched; full of knots and joints, with
several circular rings, of a reddish brown colour,
on the outside, and brownish within. It waa
formerly much used as a warm stomachic bitter,
and gcncrallv ordered in bitter infusions.
MAKASCIIINO, see Si>irit.
MARASMOP'YRA, Febris marasmo'ihs, from
liapac/io;, ' marasmus,' and nvp, ' fever.' Fever
of emaciation in general. Hectic fever.
MARASMUS, Atrojjhy — ni. Lactantium, Pa;-
datropbia — m. Phtliisis, Phthisis fuilnionalis.
Marasmi-s Skni'lis, Tabes srnnm, Geronta-
troph'iu. Progressive atrophy of the aged.
JIarasmus Tabes, Tabes — m. Tabes dorsnlis,
Tabes dorsalis.
MARATIIRI'TES. frora ^apa^fov, 'fennel.'
Wine impregnated with fennel.
MARATHROPIIYLLUM, Peucedanum.
MARATHRUM, Anethum— m. Sylveslre, Peu-
cedanuu!.
I^IARAITGIA, Metamorphopsia.
MAKBLE, Marmor.
MAR HUE, Marmor.
MARC. Magma.
MARCASITA, Bismuth — m. Alba, Bismuth,
subnitrate of — ra. Phimbea, Aiitimoniiun.
MARCASITiE MAGISTERIUM, Bismuth,
subnitrate of.
MARCHAN'TTA POLYMOR'PHA, M. sieJ.
la'ta. seu umbella'ta, Jlepat'iea fotita'na. Lichen
stella'tns, Jecora'ria, Liv'erwort, (F.) U('p<tliq)ie
des fontaines. Ord. Ilepaticae. This plant is
mildly pungent and bitter. It is recommended
as aperient, resolvent, and antiscorbutic; and is
used in diseased liver, Ac.
MARCIIE {LA), Walking.
MARCIIIO'NIS PULVIS, Powder of the 3/nr.
qnis. A powder, formerly considered to be anti-
epileptic; and composed of Male peony mnt, Mis'-
tlctoe. Ivory nhavings, Horn of the hoof (f the stag,
Spodiinn, Tooth of the woiiodon, coral, <fec.
IVIARCORES, Atrophy, Emaciation.
MARCORY, Stillingiii.
MARECAGEVX, Elodes.
MAREMMATIQVE, see Elodes.
31 A RED, Puna.
MARE'S FAT, Inula dysenterica— m. Tail,
Ilippuris vulgaris.
MARGA CAN'DIDA, Lac hintp. An ancient
name for a variety of spongy, white, friable marl,
which was employed as an astringent and refri-
gerant.
MARGARETIZZA, Scherlievo.
MARGARITA, Pearl.
MARGARITA'CEOIIS, Mnrgnrita'cens, Nn'-
creous, (F.) Nacre ; from viargarita, 'pearl, mo-
ther of pearl.' Resembling, or of the nature of,
mother of pearl, — as Leuco'ma Margaritu'cetnn ;
Pearl-like lencoma.
MARGARON, Pearl.
MARGELIS, Pearl.
MAP GELLTITM, Pearl.
MARGIN J. S'lrS-SCA P UL 0- TR 0 CIJITE-
RIEX. Teres minor.
MARGO, Bord — ra. Dentatus, see Retina— m.
Orbitalis, see Orbit.
MARGUERLTE PETITE, Bcllis — m. dei
Prcs. qrande, Chrysantbemnm leucrintbemum.
MARIENBAD, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Celebrated springs in Bohemia. The Krcuzbrunn
contains sulphate of soda, carbonate of iron, and
carbonic acid.
MARIGOLD, DIAMOND FIG. Mescmbryan-
themum cr.vstnllinum — m. Garden, Calendida
officinalis — m. Marsh, Caltha palustris — ni. Sin-
MAUIOTTE, EXPERIMENT OF, 56 9
MARSYriON
gle, Ciilendula officinalis — m. Wild, Calendula
arven^is.
MAllEOTTE', EXPERIMENT OF, (F.) Ex-
jtfn'eine ilf Afnriolte. A celebrated experiment
of the Al)l)6 Mariotte, which consists in phicing
two small round sjiots on a wall at some distance
from eacli other, standing opposite the left-hand
oliject, and looking at it with the right eye, the
left liriiig dosed.. By walking backwards, until
the distance from the object is about five times
ns great as the distance between the two objects,
the latter will be found to disappear. Mariotte
iiiul, lifter him, many ophthalmologists, inferred
that the optic nerve, on which the ray doubtless
falls in this experiment, is insensible: and hence
that the choroid may be the seat of vision, — not
the retina. The inference is illogical; for it
(li)ubtlcss falls on the part of the optic nerve
where the central artery enters, and the central
vein leaves the eyeball, and where there is neces-
Siirily no neurinc.
MA Ills, iini)if. Ancient name of a measure,
contiiiuing 8lj pints and 4 ounces.
WAIUSCA, Ficus, llaemorrhois.
M M'JOLAINE, Origanum majorana.
MARJORAM, COMMON, Origanum— ra. Wild.
Origaiuiiii — m. Sweet, Origanum majorana.
MAK.IORANA, Origanum majorana — in. Man-
curana. Origanum.
MARMAIiADE, Marmelade.
MAK.MAKYtJE, see Metamorphopsia.
MARMARYGO'DES, ,,apn,ipvy<.>hr,i, 'brilliant.'
An epithet, joined particularly to the word o(p&n\-
((i){, to indicate a brilliant eye, a flashing eye.
An eye which transmits the image of imaginary
objocts. See Metamorphopsia.
MAR'MELADE, Jl/m-meWcIn, Bfarweht'tu,
Mnniiiiliide, Jliva. Parts of vegetables, con-
fected with sugar, and reduced to a pultaceous
consistence.
Mahmklade of Apricots. A marmelade,
prepared with two parts of ripe apricots deprived
of their stones, and one part of white sugar.
Mahmklade of Fbunki,, M. of Tronehin.
Mai!Mki,ai)E op Tkonchin, or op Fkrnel. A
kind of thick looeh, of an agreeable taste, pre-
pared with two ounces of oil of sweet alnioiidn, as
much Hi/nip of violetx, niainin in tears, very fresh
j>tili) (f cassia, 16 grains of f/)im tragacanth, and
two draehins of orange flower wafer. It is used
as a laxative, demulcent, and pectoral.
MARAtETiATA, Marmelade.
M.'VRJIOR, fiapfiopos, ^farhle, Calcis Car'honas
diirus, (F.) Slarlne. White granular carbonate
of lime. Used in pharmacy for the preparation
of a pure lime, and the disengagement of carbonic
afi<l.
MARMORATA AURIUM, Cerumen.
MAK.MOROS. Marmor.
M.VRMORYGE, see Metapnorphopsia — m.IIip-
poeralis. Hemiopia.
M MlOt'TE. Anthemis cotula.
MAURLUiEAHEE. Nubile.
MAR'RIOTT, DRY VOMIT OF. This once
celebrated emetic, called dry, from its being ex-
hibited without drink, consisted of equal portions
of Inrtarizrd aiiliiiKiin/. an<l sulphate of copper.
MAintONlElt JJ- IND E, JEsculus Ilippocas-
taniiiii.
MARROW. Mi/'elos, Medul'la, M. ostium,
jfi (I'ld/iiri/ tfiiicf, A.r>iti';/>n de ^fum'ia, Jfiimia de
ilididlis, Sax. mens, (F.) Moelle, Sue mididlaire.
The oily, inflammable, whitish or yellowish juice,
which fills the medullary canal of the long bones,
the cancellated structure nt the extremities of
those bones, the diploii of flat bones, and the in-
terior of short bones. The marrow is furnished
by the exhalation of the medullary membrane.
It is fluid during life, and appears under the form
of small points or brilliant grains after death. It
is enveloped in the medullary membrane.
Maurow, Si'ixAL, Medulla spinalis — m. Ver-
tebral, Medulla, spinalis.
3fARRUnE BLANC, Marrubium — m. Noir,
Ballofa fa'tid.a.
MARRU'BIUM, M. vxdgn're seu alhnm seu
Gervifiii'ieiim seu apidinri, Pra'sium. Phrnsiim,
Horelioiind, (F.) Marrnbe hlaiic. Ord. Labiatse.
The leaves have a moderately strong, aromatic
smell; and a very bitter, penetrating, diffusive,
and durable taste. It has often been given in
cousrhs and asthmas, united with sugar. Dose, ,^S3
to f,], in infusion ; dose of extract, gr. x to ^^ss.
Ford's Balsam of IIorehound, is made as
follows : — horehoitnd, liquorice root, aa Ibiij and
,^viij; water, q. s. to strain ibvj. Infuse. To
the strained liquor add : — proof spirit or brandy,
ft) 12 ; camphor, ,^j and ^\} ; opium and benjamin,
aa ^} : dried sf/nills, ,^ij; oil of aniseed, ^j j
honey, Ihiij and .^viij. — Gray. It is pectoral.
Marrubium, Leonurus cardiaca — m. Album,
Marrubium — m. Apulum, Marrubium — m. Ger-
manicum, Marrubium — m. Nigrum, Ballota foe-
tida — m. Vulgare. Marrubium.
MARS, Ferrum — m. Solubilis, Ferrum tartari-
zatnm.
MARSEILLES, (CLIMATE OF.) The re-
marks made upon the climate of Montpelier ap-
ply even in greater force to that of JNIarseilles.
It possesses all the objectionable qualities of the
climate of southeastern France.
MARSH, Limne, IIclos, Palus, Sax. mePrC,
(F.) Jfarais. ]\Inrshy districts give off emana-
tions, which are the fruitful source of disease
and the cause of great insalubrity in many coun-
tries. The chief disease, occasioned liy the mala-
ria or miasm, is intermittent fever. Hence it be-
comes important to drain such regions, if practi-
cable. Some marshy countries are not so liable
to phthisis pulmonalis, and it has been found,
that where intermittents have been got rid of by
draining, consumption has, at times, become fre-
quent. The most unhealthy periods for resi-
dence in a marshy district are during the exist-
en('e of the summer and autumnal heats; at
which times the water becomes evaporated, and
the marshy bottom is more or less exposed to the
sun's rays. This postulatum seems necessary for
'the production of the miasmata: for whilst the
marsh is. well covered with water, no miasm ia
given off.
JIarsh Poison, Miasm (marsh) — m. Mallow,
Althroa — m. Root, Statiee Caroliniana — m. Tea,
Ledum pnlustre.
MARSHALL'S CERATE, see Cerate, Mar-
shall's.
MARSHY. Elodes.
MARSTPIUM, Marsupion.
MARSUM, Jlfar'siiini, Jfar'sienm. An ancient
wine of ]\Iarsia, in Italy, which was used as an
astrinsrent in certain diseases of the mouth.
MARSUPIAL, see Marsupion.
MARSUPIALIS, Ischio-trochanterianus, Ob-
turator infernns.
JMARSUPIATE, see Marsupion.
MARSU'PION, Marsnpninn. Jfarsyp'ion, Mar-
sip'pon, Marsn'pinm. Mars!]>'iinn, Sac'cnlus. (finp-
cvTTioi', 'a small sack, a purse.') A sack or bag,
with which any part is fomented. Also, the ab-
dominal pouch in the kangaroo, opossum, <tc.,
into which the yonnir, horn at a very early stage
of development, are received and nourished with
milk secreted from glands which open into the
pouches. Such animals are termed Marsn'jiial,
Marsii'piate. .Varsn2)ia'lia. See Generation.
MARSUPIUM, Scrotum — m. Musculosiim,
Dartos.
MARSYPION, Marsupion.
31 A R TEA U
570
MASTITIS
.VARTEAU, Malleus.
MARTIAL. Chalybeate.
MARTIALIS, Chalybeate.
MAllTIANA POMA, see Citrus aurantiura.
MARTIA'TUM UNGUEN'TUM, (F.) On-
(jiieiit de &il(lnt, Soldier's oiiilnu-nt. This was
composed of hay berries, rue, marjoram, mint, sof/e,
wornncnod, basil, olive oil, yellow wax, and Ma-
laga wine. It was invented by Martian ; and was
employed by soldiers as a preservative against
injuries from cold.
MARTIS LIMATURA, Ferri limatura.
MARUM CORTUSI, Teucrium uiarum — m.
Creticum, Teui^riura marum — m. Syriacum, Teu-
crium marum — m. Veruni, Teucrium marum —
m. Vuljrare, Thymus mastiuhina.
MARUTA C'OTULA, Anthemis cotula.
MAS, Male, Modiolus.
MASCARFIO. Masturhator.
MASCHALADENI'TIS, from iiaaxa\r,, 'the
axilla,' and adenitis, 'inflammation of a gland.'
Inflummation of the p;lands of the axilla.
MASCHALE. Axilla.
MASCHALIiEUS. Axillary.
MASCHALIATRI'A, from na<,xa\v, 'the
axilla,' and tur^jcta, ' healing.' Treatment of dis-
ease by applications made to the axilla.
MASCIIALIS, Axilla.
MASCUALISTER, Axis.
MASCIIALON'CUS, jMasclialopa'nns, from
ItaaxaXri, 'the axilla,' and oyKnf, 'a tumour.' A
tumour or bubo or swellina; in the axilla.
MASCIIALOPANUS, Maschaloncus.
MASCULA, Tribade.
MASCULUS, Male.
MASESIS, Mastication.
MASHUA, (S.) A tuberous root, of a flat,
pyramidal shape, which is cultivated and cooked
lil<e the potato by the Serranos of Peru. It is
watery and insipid, but nevertheless is much
eaten by them. The Indians use the mashua as
a medicine in dropsy, dyspepsia, and dysentery.
The plant is unknown to botanists. — Tsehudi.
MASK, Larva, (F.) 3/asqne, Lnrve. A band-
age applied over the face, as a sort of mask, in
cases of burns, scalds, or erysipelas. It serves to
preserve the parts from the contact of air, and to
retain topical applications in situ. It is made of
a piece of linen, of the size of the face, in which
apertures are made corresponding to the eyes,'
nose, and mouth, and which is fixed by means
of strings stitched to the four angles.
MASKED, Larva'tns, (F.) Larre. Disguised,
—as a"H(ns/,-crf/(2i'e?-," orone which is not clearly
developed. See Fever, masked.
MASLAGII, 3lo8lich, Am'pln'on, An'fion. A
medicine much used by the Turks, and' into the
composition of which opium enters. It is ex-
citant.
MASQUE, Mask.
MASS, na^a, Maza, Massa, from itaaaui, ' I
mix.' The compound, from which pills have to
be formed.
MASSA, Mass — m. Carnea Jacobi Sylvii, see
Flexor longus digitorum pedis profundus perfo-
rans — m. de Dactylis, Paste, date — m. de Ex-
tracto glyeyrrhizaa, Pasta glycyrrhiziK, <fec.— m.
de Gummi Arabieo, Paste, marshmallow — m. de
Zizyphorum fructu, Paste of jujubes.
MASSAGE. Shampooing.
3IASSE lYEAO, Typha latifolia.
MASSEMA. Mastication.
MASSEMENT, Shampooing.
MASSEPAINS Biscuits, medicinal.
MASSES APOPHYSAIRES, see VertebrsB.
MASSESIS. Mastication.
MASSE'TER, from fiatraofiat, 'T eat,' 'I chew.'
M'is'cnliia tnandibiila'ris, (F.) Zycjomnto-maxil-
laire. A muscle situate at the posterior part of
the cheek, and lying upon the ramus of the lower
jaw-bone. It is long, quadrilateral, and is at-
tached, above, to the inferior edge and to thu
inner surface of the zygomatic arch; below, it
terminates at the angle of the jnw, and at the
outer surface and inferior margin of the ramus
of that bone. It is composed of an interpiixturo
of fleshy and aponeurotic fibres. Its ofiico is tu
raise the lower jaw, and to act in mastication.
Massi;tkr Inteiinus, Pterygoidcus interims
MASSETER'IC, Max'nelrrine, Mas.eUr' i,',„,
Masseteri'nus. (F.) 3tasseterin, jVassflfrii/iie. Re-
lating or beloni;ing to the masscter muscle.
MASSBTERINK, Masseteric.
Masseterine Authuy arises from the trunk
of the internal maxillary or temporalis profiuuia
posterior, and is distributed to the masseter nnis-
cle, after having passed, horizontally, through
the sigmoid notch of the lower jaw-bone.
Masseterine Nerve is given off from the
inferior maxillary branch of the fifth pair. It
passes through the sigmoid notch, and is distri-
lauted on the inner surface of the mnsseter. In
luxation of the lower jaw, this nerve is strongly
stretched, and considerable pain, consequently,
produced.
Massetrhine Vein has the same distrihutinn
as the artery. It opens into the internal maxil-
lary vein.
MASSETERINUS. Masseteric.
MASSETTE, Typha latifolia.
MASSICOT, Plumbi oxydum semivitreum.
MASSING, Shampooing.
MASSULA, Molecule.
MASTADENITIS, Mastitis.
MASTALGIA. Mastodynia.
MA ST AX, Mvstax.
MASTE:\IA, Masticatory.
MASTER OF THE WOODS, Galium circse-
zans.
MASTERWORT, Angelica atropurpurea, Ile-
racleum lanatum, Imperatoria.
MASTESIS, Mastication.
MASTIIELCOSIS. Mastodynia apostematosa.
MASTHOS, Mamma.
MASTICA'TION, Masticn'tio, Mase'eis, Mat-
se'sis 3fasse'ma, Jfaste'iiis, 3fandiica')in. Cnm-
maiiduca'iio, 3/andnca'tion, Chewing, Chawing,
from ixaoTixato, 'I gnash the teeth.' The action
of bruising food in the mouth, to prepare it for
the digestion it has to undergo in the stomach.
This is executed by the joint action of the tongue,
cheeks, and lips, which push the alimentary sub-
stance between the teeth ; and by the motions of
the lower jaw it is cut, torn, or bruised.
MAS'TICATORY, 3fasticato'rinm, 3fnsle'ma,
Diamante' nia. (F.) 3Iasticato{re. Same etymon.
Chewing. Relating or appertaining to m:iptica-
tion or chewing. Also, a substance, chewed with
the intention of exciting the secretion of saliva.
Masticatory Nerve, gee Trigemini.
MASTICH, see Pistacia lentiscus — m. Herb,
common, Thymus mastichina — m. Herb, Syrian,
Teucrium maruna — m. Tree, Pistacia lentifcus.
MASTICHEL^ON, see Pistacia lentiscus.
MASTICHINA GALLORUM, Thymus mas-
tichina.
MASTIGODES IIOMTNTS, Trichocephalus.
M A S T I G 0 ' S I S. Flagella'tio. Flagellation,
scourging; employed by the ancients as a remedy
in many diseases.
MASTI'TIS, 3Ias1oi'iis, 3rastouli'tis. 3fommi'-
tis, 3/azoi'fis, Inflawma'lio 3/annnfP, 3fai'ti(ih'iii'-
fis, (F.) Inflammation des 3tamelles, 3lammile,
from naoToi, 'the breast,' and itis. denoting in-
flammation. Inflammation of the breast. In-
flammation of the mammary gland of the preg-
nant or parturient female is vulgarly called a
weid or weed, and a weed in the breast.
MASTIX
571
MATERIA
Mastitis Apostematosa, Mastodynia aposte-
natoiia.
Mastitis Pueupf.ua'lis. Inflammation of the
muinma in the childbed woman.
MASTIX, see Pistaiaa lentiscus.
M A S T 0-C A 11 C I N 0 ' M A, from ixaaroi, ' the
breast,' and varoinomu. Carcinoma or cancer of
the breast.
MASTO-CTIONDRO'SrS, from /^«(7rot, 'the
breast,' and ;^oi'3/)of, ' a cartihige.' A cartihiginous
formation in die breast.
MASTODES, Mastoid.
M A S T 0 D Y N ' I A, Ifastal'e/ia, Mazo(hjn'in,
from /jaffToj, 'the breast,' and o^wri, 'pain.' Pain
in tbo breasts; a form of neuralgia. See Neu-
ralgia mainmic.
Mastodvn'ia Aposthmato'sa, Phlecj'mone
Mdiiimie, 3f)intlielc(/ii'i, Mnili'tis opostemato'aa,
(jiilnctii ponte' ma, GulitctotiKistapnrecto'ma, Ah-
gce«'aus MamincB sea Uic'leus, Pliley'nioue Jlfaito-
di/n'ia, Abscess of the Breast, Mum'mary Abscess,
iiilk-ahscess. Phlegmonous inflammation of the
breasts, running on to suppuration, generally in
the childbed female. It is one of the best ex-
amples of acute phlegmonous inflammation, and
requires the active use of ai)propriate treatment.
MASTODYNrA PoLYGALA, Sparganosis — m. Po-
lygala, Miistos|)argosis.
MASTOID, MustoVdes, ilasto'des, STastnideua,
Mdiiiiiiilla'n's, Papit'li seu >iini>im>lli-fnr)iiiK,Mam-
miform'is, 3[am'niifi>nii, (F.) ilastindien, from
fiaaTOf, 'a breast,' and eiiog, 'form, resemblance.'
Having the form of a nipple. Also, that which
relates to the mastoid process, 3fiistoideus.
Mastoid Aperture: — the opening of commu-
nication between the cavity of the tympanum
and the mastoid cells.
Mastoid Cancer. A kind of firm carcinoma-
tous growth, the section of which is thought to
reseniblo the boiled udder of tlio cow.
Mastoid Cells, UM'hIcb Slnxtoidea, Antriim
innstoidenm, Itnetnid Si'mises. These are situate
in the mastoid process; communicate with each
other, and open into the cavity of the tympanum.
Their use seems to be to increase the intensity
of sound.
JIastoid Foramen is situate behind the mas-
toid process, and gives passage to a small artery
of the dura inater, as well as to a vein which
opens into the lateral sinus.
Mastoid Fossa, (F.) Gontti'ire masto'idiennc,
is a depression at the inner surface of the mastoid
portion of the temporal bone, which forms part
of the lateral sinus.
Mastoid or Digas'tric Groove, (F.) Rnimire
mnstindietine ou dii/nstrl<iiie, is a groove, situate
at the inner side of the mastoid process, which
atfords attachment to the posterior belly of the
digastric muscle.
Mastoid Muscle, Posterior, Splenius.
Mastoid or Mam'miform or Mam'millary
Process, Procea'siis mdslo'ideiis, Apoph'ysis
mammilla' ris. Pars masto'idea, is situate at the in-
ferior and posterior part of the temporal bone,
and gives attachment to the digastric and mastoid
luiiscles.
MASTOIDEUS,Sterno-cleido-mastoideus — m.
Lateralis, Complexus minor.
MASTOIDITIS, Mastitis.
MASTOlDO-COXCHIXIEN', Retrahens au-
ris — m. Gfuien, Digastricus — m. Ifi/orienien, Di-
gastricus — »i. On'cnlaire, Retrahens auris.
MASTOME'NIA, from liaaro;, ' the breast,' and
firiv, 'a month.' Vicarious menstruation from the
mamma.
MASTON'CUS, Thelnn'cus, from (latrTos, 'the
breast,' and oyxof, ' a tumour.' A tumefaction
of the nipple, or of the breast itself. When the
tumour is of an adipous character it is termed
JIastopion'ciis or Mastopimelon'cus.
Mastoncus Polygalacticus, Mastospargosis.
MASTOPAREC'TAMA, from ,iaaroi, -ti.e
breast,' and nnpcKrafia, ' excessive distension.'
Immoderate distension of the mammae.
MASTOPATllI'A, from iiaaroi, ' the breast,'
and ruQoj, 'disease.' An affection of the breast.
MASTOPIMELONCUS, see Mastoncus.
MASTOPIONCUS, see Mastoncus.
MASTORRHAG'TA, from ijaaros, ' the breast,'
and priyvvni, ' to flow.' An unusual flow of milk.
MASTOS, Mamma.
MASTOSCIR'RIIUS, from juacroj, ' the breast,'
and <7Kip()0i, ' a hard tumour.' Scirrhus, or hard
cancer of the breast.
MASTOSPARGO'SIS, 3Iastodyn'ia pohj.j'aht,
Maston' c\is 2^"^IJ'jahic' liens, from jiaaToi, ' the
breast,' and anapyaw, ' I am full to bursting.'
Fulness of the breasts with milk, so that they are
ready to burst.
MASTOSYRINX.F('/(V»?c( m a mm (P, from fiaaroq,
'the breast,' and avpiv^, 'a pipe.' Fistula of the
mamma.
MASTURBA'TION, CincB'dia, GarUjaU, Gar',
galus, Gargalis'mus, Jlfasliipra'tio, Jlaiiusliipra'-
tio, Manstupra'tio, from matins, ' the hand,' and
stiipro, ' I ravish ;' Ona'uia, Oii'aiiism, yEdu-o-
(jargnria'mus, ^dceo<ja r' </a I iis, Aiiaplaa'mns. Gtin'-
dia fceda, Ditct'io prcppii'tii, Vol'initari/ Pollii'-
tlon, Self Pollution, Self-abuse, (F.) Abiis de soi-
nieme, Attoiichemeut. Excitement of the genital
organs by the hand.
MASTURBA'TOR, Mastupra'tor, Maimstn-
pra'tor, JIfascar'pio : same etymon. One given
to masturbation.
MASTUS, Mamma.
MAT, (F.) Dull.
HAT SOX. A dull or Jlat sound. The obscure
noise, (F.) il/nOVe, afforded in certain diseases when
any part, as the chest, is j)ercussed. It bus been
compared to that produced when the thigh is
struck.' It is opposed to the *S'ci»* clair, or ' clear
sound.'
MATE, see Ilex Paraguensis.
MATECO, Matico.
MATELLA, Urinal.
MATER, Uterus — m. Dura, Dura mater — ra.
Ilerbarum. Artemisia vulgaris — m. IMctallorum,
Hydrargyrum — m. Mollis, Pia mater — m. Perla-
rum, see Pearl — m. Pia, Pia mater — m. Secalis,
Ergot — m. Tenuis, Pia mater.
MATERIA, Matter— m. Fibrosa, Fibrin.
Mate'riA Mkd'ica, Pharmacolog"ia, Pharmn-
col'orpi, Aeol'oijtf or Akol'ogy or Aceolo(f"ia. Hi/le
Lit' rice, Iamatoloy"ia, lamalol'ogy, (F.) Jlatiere
Jfedicnle. The division of medical science which
treats of the knowledge of medicines ; their action
on the animal econouiy, and mode of administra-
tion. The study of the M.ateria Medica is one of
great importance ; — it is a study of the tools with
which the practitioner has to work in the cure
of disease. Much labour has been spent in con-
triving classifications of the Materia Medica.
Some have arranged the articles according to
their natural resemblances: others according to
their real or presumed virtues: others, according
to their active constituent principles. The Phar-
macopoeias place them alphabetically. Perhaps
the best classification would be one founded on
the agency exerted by the articles on the different
tissues ; but this arrangement, in the present state
of science, is by no means easy; and, moreover,
ideas in regard to the action of medicines are
so associated with certain terms, — as narcotics,
tonics, sedatives, <tc., employed to denote certain
operations, which they are esteemed capable of
producing, that, to abandon them, would be to
throw obstacles in the way of the student, with-
MATERIALISTA
5 7 2
MATRICULATE
out tlie ultimate advantage accruing to him of
possessing a better knowledge of the iiio(his ope-
randi of medicines than when a classification,
S'lniewhat resembling those usually embraced, is
adopted.
The following is the classification adopted by
the Author, in his " General Therapeutics and
Jlateria Medica, 6th edit., Philad., 1857 : —
1. Agents that affect pro
minently the alimentary ca-
nal or its contents,
2. Agents that affect pro-
minently the respiratory or-
gans,
3. Agents that affect pro-
minently the follicular or
glandular organs,
4. Agents that affect pro-
minently the nervous sys-
tem,
5. Agents that affect pro-
minently the organs of re-
production.
6. Agents that affect va-
rious organs.
Emetics,
Cathartics,
Anthelminthics.
E.xpoctorants.
Errhines,
Sialogogues,
Diuretics,
Aiitilithics,
Diaphoretics.
Narcotics,
Tetanies,
Antispasmodics.
Emraenagogues,
Parturifacients,
' Excitants,
Tonics,
Astringents,
Sedatives,
Refrigerants,
Revellents,
Eutrophics.
Antacids,
Antalkalies,
Disinfectants.
f Demulcents,
I Diluents.
7. Agents whose action is
prominently chemical,
8. Agents whose action is
prominently mechanical,
Of old, the Materia Medica consisted of more
articles than at present. The tendency, indeed,
is, and must be, to diminish it still further; to
g!:t rid of those articles which possess no advan-
tages over others equally common, or whoso pro-
perties are doubtful. In a dictionary, it becomes
necessary to insert all that have been rej)uted to
possess virtues; but the majority are unneces-
sary. The catalogue might be largely reduced
with impunity.
jMatkfua Medica, Dynamical, Pharmacody-
naraics.
MATEniA MORBO'SA, If. Peccans, Mate'ries
Morhi, Jlorbid matter. The matter or material
which is the cause of disease.
Materia Ossea, Terra Ossea — m. Peccans,
M. Morbosa — m. Sialina, see Saliva — m. Scyto-
dephica. Tannin — m. Testacea dentium, see
Tooth — m. IJrinosa, Urea.
MATERIALISTA, Druggist.
MA TERIAUX LM MED I ATS, Principles, im-
mediate.
MATERIES, Matter — m. Morbi, Materia mor-
bosa.
MATHEWS PILLS, Pilulae ex helleboro et
mvrrha.
MATIITEU'S VERMIFUGE, see Vermifuge.
MA'TIAS. The bark of a South American
tree not yet determined. It is used in its native
country in intermittents, and as a tonic generally.
Its principal characteristic constituent is a bitter
resinous matter. It is probably the same as the
Jfiilnmhn hnrk.
MATI'CO, (pronounced mntee'co,) MatecS, Ma-
tint, Yerha del Soldado, SnJdler's weed, or herb.
A South American herb — I'iper atif/iiHtifolium scu
lonf/n'ttim, Stephens'ia elonipi'tn, Artan'the elon-
gn'ta, Ord. Piperaeeae — which is possessed of
astringent virtues, and is used both internally
and externally. It is given in infuxinn made of
one ounce of the leaves to a pint of boiling water,
of which the dose is f ^isfj <"' in tinetnre, niado
of 5iiss of the leaves to a pint of dilute alcohol.
MATIERE, Matter — w. Cweuse, Casein — in.
Cerebrifoniie, Encejihaloid — ni. Extinctive dn
Iliiiiilloii, Osmazoine — w. Eibreuxe du iSniiij,
Fibrin — vi. Mfdieole, Alatcria Medica — »m. de la
Meliinofie, see Choroidea tunica — m. Kaire dea
J'oiiinoiis, Anthracosis — »i. I'erlee de Kerkriiiij,
Anfimoniumdiaphoreticum — iit.I'ulinouaire noire,
see Pulmo. ^
MATITK, see Mat non.
MATLOCK, IMINERAL WATERS OF. Mat-
lock is a village in Derbyshire, England, at which
there is a mineral spring of the ai;iilulous class.
Temperature 0(1°. It differs but liltie, except in
temperature, from good spring-water. It i.s ge-
nerally used as a tcjiid bath.
MATONIA CAKDAMOMUM, Amomum car-
damomum.
MATORIUM, Ammoniac, gum.
MATRACIUM. Matrass, Urinal.
MATRASS, Jlfotra'ciiim. A glass vessel with
a long neck ; and a round, and sometiuies oval,
body. It may be furnished with tubulures, or
not. It is used in Pharmucy for dislillulion, di-
gestion, <fec.
MATRES CEREBRI, Meninges.
MA TRICAfRK, Matricaria.
MATRICA'LIS, Mulricn'rius, from matrix,
vtatricin, 'the uterus.' Relating to the uterus.
3latricalia are remedies for diseases of the
uterus.
MATRICA'RIA, from matrix, matricin, 'the
womb ;' so called from its reputed virtues in
affections of that organ. M. Parthe'nlnm, Pnr-
the'ninm febrif'iignm, /'y'retlirmn seu Chrt/nauth'-
enium parthe'niiim, Arijyrochas'ta, Chrymic'aliK,
Eever-feic, Eeather-feii), Mother-icort, Coiclhwort,
(Sc.) Fever./oiiillie, (F.) Matricaire. Aat. Ord.
Compositao. Thy flowers resemble, in their pro-
perties, chamomile and tansy; and, like them,
have been esteemed tonic, stomachic, resolvent,
cmmenagogue, vermifuge, &c. They are not
much used.
Matiucaria, see Matricaria chamomilln.
Matuica'uia Ciiamomil'i.a, M. Snav'coleng,
Aii'themia vnhjn'ria, Clunnanie'lum Vidt/a're, Cha-
iiiomil'ln nostras, Lencan'lhcmum of Dioscorides,
Wild Corn, Do(j'n Cham'omile, Ger.man Chavio-
niile, (F.) Caniomille vidyaire. The flowers, Ma-
trica'ria (Ph. U. S.), resemble Matricaria ia
properties.
Matuica'ria Glabra'ta. A South African
plant, known at the Cape as Wild, Chamomile,
has the same properties as the other species of
matricaria.
Matricaria LEUCANTiiEMtiM, Chrysanthemum
Leucanthenuim — ra. Suaveolens, M. Chamomilia.
31 A TRICE, Uterus— m. Col de la, Collum uteri
— m. de rOni/le, see Nail.
MATRICULATE, from mafrinda, diminutive
of matrix, matricin, 'a roll,' originally 'an army
roll or register.' One who is admitted into a uni-
versity or college, by enrolling or having his
name enrolled on the register of the institution.
In France, prendre inncription means 'to matri-
culate;' and, in the university regulations of that
country, it is required, that the inncription shall
be made every three months, until the termina-
tion of the prescribed period of study ; the stu-
dent having to take his inscription within the
first fortnight of each triincHlrc or of every throe
months, and to present himself within the last
fortnight of the trimeatre to establish the fact of
his attendance.
In this country, it is only necessary to matri-
culate at the commencement of each session.
One who has thus enrolled himself in an insti-
tution is called a Matriculate.
MATRISYLVA
5 7 3 MAXILLO-AL VE OLI- NA S A L
MATRTSYLVA, Asperula odorata.
MATllIX, Cytoblasteina, Uterus— m. Unguis,
lee Nail.
MATROXA, Midwife.
MATKOXALIS. Viola.
MATTKK, see Ilex Parajjuensia.
MATTER, .)f>ile'rifi, f/yle, Mate'ries, (¥.) Ma-
tlire. Any substance which enters into the com-
position of a body. In Medicine, it is sometimes
applied to the substance of evacuations ; and is
also used synonymously with pus.
MATTING OF PARTS, Ilapantismus.
MATin.A, Urinal.
MATURA'TION, Ifaturn'tio, from mntnrare,
mntiini'tnm, 'to ripen.' J'epus'mos, Fepan'iiiii.
Progression of an abscess towards maturity. The
Btate of maturity. Coction.
MA run A TIF, Maturative.
MAT'URATIVE, Matii'raiis, Pepnnticoa, (F.)
Muliti-iitif. Same etymon. A medicine which
favours the maturation of an inflammatory tu-
mour.
MATURATUS, Concocted.
MATU'RITY, Mtttit'ritdn, Horee'otea. Same
etymon. The state of fruits and seeds, when
comparatively developed. State of an abscess,
in which the pus is completely formed.
Matiiritv, PitKCocious, Precocity.
MAUDLIN, Achillea afceratum — m. Tansey,
Achillea ageratum — m. Wort, Chrysanthemum
leucanthemum.
MAULKS, Rubeola.
MAUVE SAUVAGR, Malva.
MAUX I)E NERFS, Hysteria.
M.WV, Stomach — m. Bound, Constipated — m.
Worm, Asearis.
MAXILLA, Maxillary Bone.
MAX'ILLARY, MitxiUa'rIs, (F.) .Vnxinaire,
from miijciUa, 'a jaw.' Relating or belonging to
the jaws; from jxaaaaia, 'I chew.'
Maxillauy Auteiues arc three in number.
1. Kxtcrnul niaxilhirtj. See Facial. 2. Internal
maxiUarji — A. Gnttitro-marilidire (Ch.). This
arises from the external carotid with the tempo-
ral. It is remarkable for its complex course,
and for the number of branches which it trans-
mits to the deep-seated parts of the face. Imme-
diately after its origin, it buries itself under the
neck of the lower jaw, curving inwards and
downwards. It then advances directly inwards;
proceeding in the space between the two ptery-
poid muscles towards the maxillary tnherosity.
It turns again, becomes vertical, and ascends into
the bottom of the zygomatic fossa, until, having
arrived at the floor of the orbit, it takes a hori-
zontal and transverse direction ; enters the sphe-
no-maxillary foss.a, and divides into several
branches. See Artery, (table.)
Maxiixauy Bone, Ma.ril'/a,Jfanflih'nla,Gam'-
fihcle, Gnalhnu, Mala, Siar/nn, Jawbone, (Prov.)
Vhnjfhone, Cludl, Chanle, Charel, Chairhone, Gilt,
(F.) MCu'hoirc. A name given to two bones,
which support the teeth, and, by means of them,
are inserviont to the cutting, bruising, and tear-
ing of alimentary substances.
Maxii,i,arv Bone, Inkk'rtor, Lmrer jaw-hnne,
Oa Majrilta're in/erinn, Maxil'ta inferior, Hi/pn-
»i'af/on, (F.) On maxillaire (Ch.), Mdchoire dia-
cranicnne, is a symmetrical, nearly parabolic
bono, the mi<I(llo portion of which is horizontal,
and called the lioily ; and the posterior is vertical,
the angular portions being termed Jiami or
hrnnchra. These have behind a pa rati dean edge,
which forms — by uniting with the base — the angle
of the jaw. TJio branches terminate above by
two processes, separated by the sigmoid notch or
foana ; the anterior of which is called the coj-o-
noid : the posterior, the condyloid process or
majcillarj/ condyle, supported by a Cervix, Cullum,
or yeck. The chief parts observed on the lower
jaw are — 1. Externally, — the Syni'phyais menti,
Apoph'ysis menti, Mental foramen, and the exter-
nal ohiiqne line. 2. Internally, — the Genian
(ipoph'yaiH, the internal or Myloid oblique linen,
und the entrance of the dental can<il. T'lie lower
jaw has, also, an alreolar edge, which contains
alveoli for the reception of the teeth. The lower
jaw-bone is developed by two points of ossifica-
tion, which unite at the symphysis of the chin.
It is articulated with the temporal bone and with
the teeth.
Maxillart Bone, Supe'rior, Upper jaw-hone,
Maxil'l<t snperior seu ayncra'nia, Oa maxilla're
anpe'rina, (F.) Oa ana-niaxillaire (Ch.), Machoire
syncranienne. The upper jaw-bones are to the
face what the sphenoid bone is to the cranium.
They are articulated with all the portions com-
posing it. They determine, almost alone, the
shape of the face, and give it solidity. Their size
is considerable; form unequal. They occupy the
middle and anterior part of the face; and enter
into the composition of the nasal fossae, orbit,
and mouth. The chief parts observable in the
upper jaw are — 1. Externally, — the Naaal pro-
ceaa, Proceaana naaa'lia seu fronta'lia seu n«ce)i'-
dena, (P.) Apophyae montante, the snperior or
or'bilal anrfiiee, Snperfic"iea orbila'lia. Planum
orbita'le, which forms almost the entire floor of
the orbit, the Forn'men infra-orbita'rinm, Zygo-
mrtt'ic proceaa. Canine or 3Iyr'tiform fossa. 2.
Internally, — the Ptd'atine proceaa, Ante'rior pal'a-
tine canal, and the Antrum of Ilighmore. Its cir-
cumference is very unequal, and it has behind a
round, unequal i)rominence, called the Maxillary
tuberosity, which is pierced by the posterior den-
tal canal. Anteriorly, there is a notch, which
forms part of the anterior aperture of the nasal
fossiB, and beneath, an eminence, called the ante-
rior naaal apine. The lower part of this circum-
ference forms the alveolar margin. Each supe-
rior maxillary bone is articulated with the eth-
moid, frontal, nasal, lachrymal, palatine, inferior
spongy, vomer, its fellow, the teeth of the upper
jaw, and sometimes the sphenoid bone. It is
develoi)ed by four or five points of ossification.
]M axillary Nerves are two in number, and
formed of the second and third branches of the
fifth pair. The Sim'erior Maxillary Nerve,
iVerf ans-maxillaire (Ch.), arises from the middle
of the gangliform enlargement of the fifth pair;
passes forwards, and issues from the cranium
through the foramen rotundum of the sphenoid
bone; enters the spheno-maxillary fossa, which
it crosses horizontally; passes into the infra-
orbitar canal, which it traverses; and makes its
exit to vanish on the cheek. It gives off the fol-
lowing branches, — the orbitar, a. branch which
goes to the apheno-2jalaline ganglion; posterior
dental branchea ; the anterior dental, — and ter-
minates in the iufra-orhitar nerves, which are
divided into superior, inferior, and internal. The
inferior maxillary nerve, Xcrf maxillaire (Ch.),
is the largest of the three branches furnished by
the fifth pair. It issues from the cranium by the
foramen ovale of the sphenoid. Having reached
the zygomatic fossa, it diviiles into two trunks;
the one auperior and external, which gives ofi"
the temporides profundi, maaaeterine, buccal, and
pterygoids ; — the other — inferior and internal —
the larger of the two, which furnishes the inferior
dental, lingual, and auricular,
JIaxillary Veins present the same arrange-
ment as the arteries they accompany.
MAXILLO-AL VEOLI-XASAL, Depressor
nlaj nasi — m. Labial, Depressor anguli oris — m.
Xarinal, Compressor naris — m. P(d/i('bral. Orlji-
cularis jialpebrarum — in. Sclerolicicn, Obliquua
inferior oculu
MAY APPLE
574
MEDIAN
MAY APPLE, Pnrlopliynnin peltatum— m. a.
Mountain, Podoiiliylliun nioiitanuni — m. Flower,
Antheniis cotula — m. Weed, Antheuiis cotula,
MAYELLA, Curcuma longa.
MAYNARD'S ADHESIVE LIQUID, Collo-
dion.
MAYS, Zea mays — m. Americana, Zea mays
• — ni. Zen, Zea mays.
MAYWORM, TRUE, Meloe majalis.
MAYZ, Zea mays.
MAZA, Mass, Placenta.
MAZALYSIS, Mazolysis.
MA'ZICUS, from maza, 'placenta.' Relating
to the placenta.
MAZISCH'ESIS, from mnza, 'the placenta,'
and (r;)(£(ri{, ' holding,' 'retention.' Retention of
the placenta.
MAZODYNIA, Mastodynia.
MAZOITIS, Mastitis.
MAZOL'YSIS, M(iznl'i/8ia, from maza, 'pla-
centa,' and Xvmi, 'solution.' Separation of the
placenta.
MAZOPATHI'A, from maza, 'placenta,' and
7ra9of, 'disease.' A disease of the placenta. One
originating from the placenta.
MAZOS, Mamma.
MEAD, Hydromeli, Melizomura.
MEADOW BLOOM, Ranunculus acris — m.
Fern, Coniptonia asplenifolia — in. Pride, see Ca-
himba — m. Rue, Thalictron — m. Saffron, Vinegar
of, Acetum colehici — m. Sweet, Gillenia trifoliata.
Spiraea ulmaria — m. Sweet, American, Spireea
lobata — m. Sweet, red, Spiraaa tomentosa.
MEALY TREE, Viburnum dentatum.
MEASLES, Rubeo-
la— m. Black, see Ru-
beola— m. False, Rose-
oli« — m. French, Rose-
OlcB.
MEASLINGS, Ru-
beola.
MEASLY', Morbil-
lous.
MEASURE, GRA-
DUATED. A glass
measure, used in phar-
macy, which is so di-
vided as to indicate ac-
curately the quantities
in dispensing liquid
medicines.
MEASUREMENT,
Mensuration.
MEASURES, see Weights and Measures.
MEASURING, MEDICAL, Mensuration,
MEAT BISCUIT, see Biscuit, meat.
MEAT, EXTRACTIVE OF, Osmazome.
31EAT, Meatus.
MEA'TUS, Ductus, Cnna'lh, Poi-its, (P.) MSaf,
from men, meafnm, 'to go.' A passage or canal.
Mkatus Auditorius Externus, Auditory ca-
nal, external — m. Auditorius internus, Auditory
canal, internal — m. Csecus, Eustachian tube — m.
Cuticulares, Pori cutanei — m. Cysticus, Cystic
duct — m. Narium, see Nasal fossae — m. Seminale.s
uteri, Tubae Fallopianae — m. Seminarius, Corpus
Highmori — m. Urinarius, Urethra.
MKCHAMECK, Convolvulus panduratus — m.
Bindweed, Convolvulus panduratus.
MECHANE, Machine.
MECHANEMA, M.achine.
MECIIAN'ICAL, Jfechan'icni, from /irixavr,,
'a machine.' An epithet given to irritating bo-
dies, which do not act chymically — as a mechani-
cal in-itant.
JFour-ounce Glass Measure.
MkORANICAL or lATno-MATnKXfATICAL PlITSI-
riANS, Jii'lro-movhaii'ici seu Jii'liomatliciiKit'ici,
are such as refer every function, healiliy or mor-
bid, to mechanical or mathematical principles-—
Jlleclici'nn niec/idn' ica.
MECIIAN'ICS, AN'IMAL. That part of phy-
siology whose objects are to investigate the laws
of equilibrium and motion of the animal body,
MECU'ANISM, Mt^clKtiihm'iiH. The struciuro
of a body; the collection or aggregate of iho
parts of a machine; the mode in which forces
produce any effect, &c.
MECIfE, Tent. This term is usually applied
in French surgery to a collection of threads of
charpie, cotton or raw silk, united togetlier, which
are used for deterging sinuous or iistuious ulcers;
or to keep open or enlarge natural or firtificiul
apertures. They are generally applied by means
of an instrument called Porte-mhlie.
MECIIOACANA NIGRA, Convolvulus jalapa
— m. Nigricans, Convolvulus jalapa.
MECHOACAN^ RADIX, Convolvulus me-
choacan.
MEOHOACAN BU CANADA, Phytolacca
decandra.
MECOM'ETER, (F.) 3I(comitre ; from ^,,«5,
'length,' and /icrpov, 'measure.' A kind ot gra-
duated compass, — compos de prcportioii, — used at
the Hospice de Maternite of Paris, to mcasuro
the length of new-born infants.
MECON, Meconium, Opium, Papaver.
MECONICUM, Opiate.
MECONIS'MUS, Intoxica'tio opiu'ra; from
HVKuiv, 'the poppy.' Poisoning by opium.
MECO'NIUM, same etymon. Poppy juice,
Papaver' cnhtm, Pturjameu'ta Infaiitin, Mccon.
The excrement passed by the infant a short
time after birth, which had accumulated in the
intestines during pregnancy. It is of a greenish
or deep black colour, and very viscid. It seems
formed of the mucous secretions of the intestines
mixed with bile.
MECONOLOG"IA, Op;olog"ia; from ^tikuiv,
'a poppy,' and Aoyoj, 'a description.' A treatise
on opium.
MECONOPSIS DIPIIYLLA, Stylophorum di-
phyllum.
MEDCINARE, Doctor.
MEDEA, Genital organs.
MEDECJN, Physician— '»i. Constilfnnf, Con-
suming physician — 711. rle Foue, see Psychiatria.
MEDECINE, Medicina — m. Expectaiife, Ex-
pectation— m. Ler/a/e, Medicine, legal — m. Mi/i-
taire, Military medicine — m. Opfvatoire, Surgery,
operative — m. Pe/iu/ta ^d'cp, Perturbatrix (Me-
dicina.)
MEDELA, Curation.
MEDE'NI. A term used by Paracelsus for
cutaneous ulcerations like those of boils.
MEDEOLA VERTICILLIFOLIA, M. Virgi-
nica.
MF.nE'oi.A ViRGIn'ica, 3[. vertieUh'/o'lia, Cy-
ro'mia Virfjin' !ca, Indian cn'cinnher. Order,
SmilacesB. An indigenous herb, growing in every
part of the United State's, the root of whicli re-
sembles a small cucumber. It has been thought
to be diuretic.
MEDIAN, jifediri'iiiia : from medium, 'the mid-
dle.' That which is situate in the middle.
Median Live. A vertical line, supposed to
divide a body longitudinally into two equal parts;
the one right, the other left. Chaussier calls the
linea alba the ll(/ne mfdimie of the abdomen.
Median Nerve, Median diijital, (Ch.) This
nerve arises chiefly from the anterior branches of
MEDIANUM
575
MEDICINAL
the last two cervical nerves and first dorsal. The
filth and nixth cervical [)airs also send it a branch,
wliif-h soDiirates from the inusculo-cutancous
nerve. The median nerve descemls tlie inner
part of the arm alonj; the biceps muscle. Op-
posite the elbow joint it buries itself behind
the aponeurosis of that muscle, and en;^ages it-
self between the two fasciculi of the fironator
teres. Lower down, it is situate between the
flexors — subliinis and profundus — and passes,
with their tendons, under the anterior annular
li;;!iment; it then divides into five branches,
whi';h are distributed to the muscles of the the-
nar etninence, to the luinbricales, the intetjaments
of the thumb, the in<lex, middle fin;^er, and outer
part of the rin;^ finger. This nerve gives no
i)riinche3 to the arm. In the forearm, it furnishes
fihiiui-nts to all the pronator and flexor muscles;
and one of them accompanies the anterior inter-
osseous artery. It also gives off a filament to the
ititeguinents of the palm of the hand.
Median Vi-;ins. Three of the superficial veins
of the forearm are so called. The median hnnHic
— the mcilkiH cephitllc and common meilian or fu-
uin hriichn. See Basilic and Cephalic.
MKDIANUM, Mediastinum, Mesentery.
MEDIAS'TINAL, Jfedlaxtina'lis, (F.) Ife-
didntiii. Relatinj^ to the Mediastinum.
Mki)I.\stinal AiiTKRiBS aro very delicate arte-
rial branches, distributed in the areolar texture
of the mediastinum. They are distin;;uished,
aecnrding to their situation, into anterior and
posterior.
MI'IDIASTINITIS, Mesodmitis.
MEDIASTI'NUM, ifediami'iins, quasi, in me-
dio Hlaiia, as being in the middle ; 3fenod'me, Me-
diii'niim, Mesotis'chium, MeHotte'chnin, Scplum
tlioni'cis, Ill/men Diiiphrat'ton, 3fembra'nn Dlii-
phi-dttiiH seu thora'cem intemep' ieiis, Litcrsipi-
meii'tiim th»ra'ci>i, Dirihito' rinm, Dinxipimen'tiim
tlinra'cln, (F.) lledinslin, A membranous space
formed by the approximation of the pleurro,
diviiling the chest into two parts, the one riirht,
the other left. The mediastinum, formed by a
double reflection of the pleura, extends from the
spine to the posterior surface of,the sternum. Its
anterior part, called Anterior medinstimim, ife-
diixstiiium pectorn'le, lodges, at its upper part, the
thymus gland in the foetus, and is filled below
with fatty, areolar tissue. Its posterior part,
parallel to the spine, is occupied by the oesopha-
gus, vena azygos, thoracic duct, the lower part
of the windpipe, the origin of the bronchia and a
iiiiinher of lymphatic glands. This part is called
the poHtcrior mcdlontiniim — }[eili<iiiliiinm doisa'le.
By some anatomists. Mediastinum is defined to
he the pleural walls of the membranous space,
whilst the space itself is termed Cavnm me-
dinnti'iii.
MKniASTiNtiM AuRis, see Tympanum — m. Ce-
rebri, Falx cerebri. Septum lucidum — m. Testis,
Corpus Ilisrhmori.
MKDIASTIXUS, Mediastinum.
IMRDICABILIS, Curable.
JIKDICABLP], Curable.
MKl)'[C.12. Sworn midwives, whose duty it
was, of old, to inspect women in cases of suspect-
ed nro^rnancy.
MED'ICAL, Medirn'Un, TlU'rirun, Ptpon' liisi.
P(fou'ir\is, Phipt'icftl (of old). Eocida'piun, (F.)
Mi'ilinil.. Same etymon as Medicament. Apper-
fainiiiir or relating to medicine or to medicines.
Mr.DtoAL .Ii-RisPRcncNCK, Medicine, legal — in.
Man, Surgeon -Apothecary.
MKniCALIS. Medical".
MKD'ICAMENT, Mrdieamen'lfim, Remed'tnm,
Ace'nin, Acrn'ma, Ares'tiiim. Arex'tijn, Allhon, lly-
giiis'mii, Id'mn, Aok, J/edirn'mtn, Phnr'mncimi,
Pharinaceu'ma, Alkar, Anxil'iiim, Boethe'ma, l
Med'icine, (old E.) Medaine; Physic, Rem'edyi
Uem'elic, (F.) lieiiiede ; from medivor, tticdlcnliiK,
' to cure or heal.' A medicine. Any substance
exhibited with the view of curing or allaying
morbid action. Jledicines are obtained from the
three kingdoms of nature, and are divided into
iiiternol and crteriinl, according as they are ad-
ministered internally or applied externally.
In common hingriage, medicine is often called
Stuff, Doctors' stuff, and, in the Southern States,
Trnck.
MEDICAMENTAL, Medicinal.
MEDICAMENTO'SUS LAPIS, Medic"iual
stone, (F.) Pierre iiiedicoiiiei>teitse. A name for-
merly given to a mixture of peroxi/d of iron, li-
tharge, (ilitm, nitre, sol ammoinac, and vliieijar /
evaporated and calcined at a red heat for an
hour. The product was regarded as eminently
astringent.
MEDICAMENTUM, Drug — m. ex Palraulis,
Diaphoenirron.
MEDICAS'TER. Medic-tstra. An ignorant
practitioner. A charlatan.
MEDICA'TION. Medica'tlo. Same etymon as
Medi(!ainent. The chanice in the aniraiil economy
I)roduced by the operation of remedies. Treat-
ment by me'licine. The act of impregnating
with some medicine.
MEDICATION HYPODERMIQUE, sec Hy-
podermic.
MEDICATRTNA, latrion.
MEDICA'TKIX, same etymon. ' Having the
power of healing.' A fei»iale practitioner.
MEDICI'NA, Ars tned'icu seu Mdvhiw'iiia seu
Jfochoon'icfi, Res medira, lot'rice, late'ria,
liitri'n, latri'ne, P(Bos'yne, P<pon'ice, latroteeh'-
nice, Aceito'riri, Scien'tin med'iva seu medendt,
Sote'rin doctri'nrt, Iled'iciiie, (old E.) Meihine,
The healing art, Leech craft. Physic, (F.) Mede-
cine. Same etymon. A science, the object of
which is the cure of disease and the preservation
of health. Occasionally, it is used to comprehend
all the branches of the healing art; at others to
comprise one great division, in contradistinction
to surgery and ohsfelrics. Medicine, in this sense,
includes many branches ; — the chief of which are.
Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, Therapeutics,
Hygiene, Materia Mcdica, and Pharmacy.
Medicina CoNSEiiVATivA, Hygiene — m. Di;rt-
etica. Dietetics — m. Diasostica, Hygiene — m.
Eclectica, see P^clectic — m. Efficax. Surgery — m.
Eqiia.ria, Hippiatria — m. Euectica, Gymnastics —
m. Forensis, Medicine, legal — m. (iymnastica.
Gymnastics — m. Hcrmetica, see Spagyrists — m.
Judiciaria, Medicine, legal — m. Mechanica. Kine-
sipathy, see Mechanical — m. Methodica, see Me-
thodists— m. Militaris, Military medicine — m.
Operativa, Surgery — m. Paracelsistica, see Spa-
gyrists— m. Perturbatrix, see Perturbatrix — m.
Politica, Police, medical — m. Politico-forensis,
Medicine, state — m. Publica, Medicine, state —
m. Siniea, Chinese medicine — m. Spairyrica, Chy-
miatria: see Spagyrists — ra. State, Police, medi-
cal— m. Tristitiae, Crocus — m. Veterinaria, Vete-
rinary art.
MEDICINABLE. Medicinal.
MEDICINAL, Mcdicina'lis, Medicnment'nl,
Jfpdic"inol)le. Mid'ical. liiter'iiis, Reiiic'dial. Rc-
me'dinte, (F.) J/edicinal, J/edicamenteiix. Satre
etj'mon. Having a remedial power; — as medi-
cinal plants, (fee. Piclating to medicine, as
Mi'.i>i('"iNAi> Days, Mcdirina'les Dirs. Days
on which the ancients considered that remedies
might be administered; and especially evacuants.
Such days were not esteemed critical.
MF.niciNAL HofRs. Times at which — the sto-
mach being freed from its digestive actions —
medicine, it was thought, could be most advan-
tageously adioiuistered, as in the morning last-
MEDICINE
576
MEDULLARY
ing, an hour before dinner, some hours after it,
and nt bedtime.
MEDICINE, Medicament, Medicina.
Mkdicine is, also, used in the same sense as
Medicament, and for a purging potion.
To Medicink was formerly used for "to restore
or cure by medicine."
Medicine Chest, Pharmacotheca.
Medicine, Clinical, see Clinical — m. Eclec-
tic, see Eclectic — m. Empirical, Arcanum — m.
Galenic, Galenism.
Medicine, Legal, Medical jurispru'dence of
some, Laro or Foren'sic medicine, Jledici'iia fu-
ren'xis sou Jndicia'ria, Diciatri'a, (F.) Medeciiie
ler/ale. The application of medical knowledge to
the solution of every question connected with
the preservation of the species, and the adminis-
tration of justice.
Medicine, Patent, see Patent medicine — m.
Political, Police, medical — m. Quack, Arcanum.
Medicine Stamp, Cachet.
Medicine, State, Medici'na pnVlica seu poli-
tieo-foren'sis. The medical knowledge, brought
to bear on state objects, as on public hygiene,
and matters appertaining to medical jurispru-
dence.
MEDICINAR, Doctor.
MEDICINIER GATHARTIQUE, Jatropha
MED'ICO - CHIRURG'TCAL, Med'ico- Chi-
rur'gicus. Relating or appertaining to medicine
and surgery ; — as ' medico-chimrgical society.'
Medico-Chiriihgicax Anatomy, see Anatomy.
MEDICO-LEGAL, Afed'ico-le,,a'lii. Relating
to legal medicine; as 'a medico-leynl inquiry,
Iiiqiiinit"io niedieo-leya'lis — 'a medico-legal in-
spection,' Innpec'tio med'ico-lega'lin.
MEDICO-STATISTICAL, see Statistics, me-
dical.
MEDICUS, Doctor, Physician — m. Equarius,
Ilippiater — m. Ocularis, Oculist — m. Ophthal-
micus, Oculist — m. Unguentarius, latraleptes —
m. Veterinarius, Ilippiater — m. Vulnerarius, see
Deligation— m. Vulnerum, Surgeon.
MEDIM'NUS, Medim' iins, /icSiiJivoi. An ancient
measure, capable of containing about i pecks and
6 pints.
MEDINOGORDIUS. Dracunculus.
MEDITULLIU.M, Diploe.
MEDIUM MUSCULI, see Muscle — m. Ven-
tris, Umbilicus.
MEDIUS, .Middle, Median.
Me'dius Dig"itus, Jfiddle Finger, (F.) Doigf
da MiUen, is between the index and ring finger.
MEDLAR, Mespilus.
MEDSINE, Medicament, Medicina.
MEDO, Ilvdromeli.
MEDOBLEXNORRIKEA, Leucorrhoea.
MEDORRFlffiA. Gonorrhoja — m. Feminarum
insons, Leucorrhoea — m. Virilis, Gonorrhoea.
MEDULLA, Marrow — m. Cerebri, see Cere-
brum— m. Dorsalis, M. Spinalis — m. Dorsualis,
M. Spinalis — ra. Nervorum, Neurine.
Medul'la Oblonga'ta, Ob/<»ig medul'la, Cer'-
ehrnl protn'hernnce, Nervous si/nlem of the senses,
(Gall), Cer'ebrnni elongn'tum, (F.) Mesocephnle,
Moelle allongee, jlfesencephtde, (Ch.) The medul-
lary substance that lies within the cranium upon
the basilary process of the occipital bone. The
anterior surface which rests in the basilary
groove, is impressed by the basilary artery. At
the upper extremity, and on its posterior surface
are the Tnhercula rjuadrigcmiiia. At the same
extremity, the medulla gives rise to two prolon-
gations, the peduncles of the brain, separated from
each other by the mamtnillary eminences, and
becoming lost in the optic thalami. The lower
extremity is called tRe tail or Eachid'ian bulb,
JJulbus meduU'cB sjpina'lis seu rachid'icus, (F.)
Bulbe racliidicn, and is continuous with (he me-
dulla spinalis. It is to this part only that some
anatomists apply the name Medulla ol>/i,ui/nla.
From the posterior angles two other prolongations
arise, called Peduncles of tJie cerei)clluin. The
medulla oblongata has several eminences — iIiq
I'ons varolii, Corpora ]>;/ratnidalia, C. olirariii
&c. — and it has a longitudinal fissure before, iinj
another behind, called the anterior and ponlerior
median Jisiures. The vesicular neuritio in tlio
centre of the medulla is the nervous centre of
respiration and deglutition: hence it has been
called centrum vita'le.
Medulla Ossium, Marrow — m. Spinas, M.
spinalis.
Medul'la Spina'lis seu Spina seu dorsua'lit
seu vertebra'lis seu dorsa'lis, Corda aidua'lis,
Funis argen'teus, lihache'trum, My'elus, M, rhtt-
chi'tes seu notice'us seu dianche'uius sea pso'i'les,
Jifi/'elon, Notomy'elus, Jlhachi'tes, yEon, I'roces'.
sus raehidia'nus. Sacra fis'tula, Spinal jjrulonya'.
tioH, Ver'tebral marrow. Spinal cord or marrow.
Nervous system of voluntary motion and tactile
impression (Gall), (F.) Moelle epiniire, Moelle
verlebrale, called by Ch., I'rolongemenl rarhidien
of the encephalon, is the continuation of the me-
dulla oblongata. It commences at the foramen
magnum of the occipital bone, and descends in
the vertebral canal as low as the 2d lumbar ver-
tebra, without filling it; presenting, in its course,
several evident enlargements. It is grooved on
both its anterior and posterior surfaces by a fur-
row, which divides it, in its whole length, into
two great nervous cords, intimately united with
each other. It terminates by an oval tubercle,
whence a number of nerves set out called Cauda
pqui'na, (F.) Queue de cheval, from its resem-
blance to a horse's tail. The spinal marrow has
no analogy, as regards its structure, with the
marrow of long bones. It is formed of two sub-
stances; one white, the other gray, presenting
an inverse arrangement to that which tlu'y have
in the brain, the white being external, the cinc-
ritious at the centre, Substan'tia gri'nea centra'-
lis. It is enveloped by a yellowish, fibrous iiieni-
brane, very resisting, which seems to be continued
insensibly from the pia mater, and by two other
membranes, which are merely prolongations of
the arachnoid and dura mater. See Nerve.
Medulla Vertebralis, M. spinalis.
MEDULLA.. Sperm.
MED'ULLARY, MeduUa'ris, (F.) Mfdulloire,
from medulla, 'marrow.' Relating to the marrow,
or analogous to marrow.
Medullary Ar'teries. The arteries, which
enter bones and pass to the marrow.
Medullary Canal, see Canal, medullnry —
m. Cells, see Medullary Membrane — m. .luice,
Marrow — m. Matter of the brain, see Cerebrum.
Medullary Membrane, Pen'o«'/e»m fnter'num,
Eudos'teum. A vascular, areolar web of extreme
tenuity, which envelops the marrow and lines the
inner surface of the medullary canal of the long
bones. This membrane has been considered as
a species of internal periosteum of those bones.
It has numerous vessels, which bury themselves
in the thickness of the marrow ; and others which
nourish the innermost jdates of the bone. The
cells formed by it are termed Ccl'lula seu <S'ac'-
cvli medulla'res.
Medullary Neurine, see Neurine — ra. Sar-
coma, Encephaloid, nematodes fungus.
Medullary Substance of the Kidnky, see
Kidney — m. s. of Schwann, see Nerve-fibre.
Medullary System. Bichat gives this nnrao
to the marrow and its membranes. He distin-
guishes two species of medullary systems ; the
one occupies the cellular tissue at the extremities
of the long bones and that of the flat and short
MEDULLITIS
577
MELANAGOGUE
bones; the other is found merely in the central
canul of lonf; bones.
Mkdcllaky Tumour of the Lusgs, Phthisis,
cancerouii.
MKDULLT'TIS, Myelitis. M. Gonly uses Mf-
dullile for inllaintiiiition of the marrow of bones,
0>ile(jiiiy<li'lin. — Mi/iUtia being usually nppro-
priiiteil to inflammation of the spinal marrow.
MKKKAN. Daucus oarota.
MEUALANTIIROPOGEN'ESIS, from ^tya^,
fityaXn, ' great, ' av^pwrrng, 'man,' and ycvcati,
' birth.' A term used by a French physician,
named Robert, to designate the art of procreating
great men ; men of mind ; men of genius. He
considered that they may be perpetuated by
always taking care to have talented men united
to clever women !
ME(i ALOCAll'DIA, from ^£ya?,^£yaX;7, 'great,'
and KafiStn, 'heart.' The state of having a very
large heart.
ME(;AL0C(ELIA, intestine, great, Megalo-
splanchnia.
MEOALOMEL'IA, from lityni, ptcyaXri, 'great,'
and ficAoj, 'a limb.' A monstrosity characterized
by very large limbs.
MEGALOPIIO'NIA, from iteyas, lityaXr,,
'great,' and ^wiij, 'voice.' The condition of
having a full, strong voice.
MEGALOI'IITIIAL'MTTS, from /ityof, /itynXr,,
'great,' and o(pOn\iios, 'eye.' A congenital de-
forinitv, in which tlie eye is inordinately large.
MEGALOPUS, Macropodus.
MEGALOSPLANCII'NUS, from ^tya^, tityn\r,,
'great,' and an\ay)(^vov, 'a viscus.' JlfegaloctJe'lia.
Hippocrates ap|)lios the epithet to those in whom
a viscus, or the viscera, are tumid. Some have
used the substantive Mc<j(do«p(uncli'nia for the
tumour itself.
MEGALOSPLRNIA, Splenoncus.
MEGETIIOS, Stature.
MECiRIM. Hemicrania.
MEIIiO'MIUS, ({LANDS OF, Fol'Ucho of M.,
Pal'pebral or Cil'iary Fol'lidea, GlniirliilcB se-
bn'cece cilia'rea seu Meihomia'na, Tntenlin'vla
Meiho'mil, Lacii'nm prdpelra'nim, (F.) Folticiilcn
pixlpehrnnx ou cilinirei, Glrtmlos (le .ffelhamiiis.
Small, sebaceous follicles, called after Henry
Meihomius, although known long before his de-
scription of them. They are situate in special
grooves in the tarsal cartilages ; and arc ranged
by the side of each other, in the form of yellowish,
parallel, and vertical lines; sometimes straight,
at others, tortuous. They may be seen at the
inner surface of the eyelids, through the conjunc-
tiva, and secrete a sebaceous humour, called
Lippilit'dn, Gum, (F.) Chnssie.
MEIO'SIS, Men'sis, Mio'sis, Tmminu'tio, 3fi-
nuthe'si'n, Minitho'nin, from fuiooi, ' I lessen.' The
period of a disease, in which the symptoms begin
to diminish; — the decline. Remission. Also,
idiotism.
MEIUROS, Decurtatus, Mvurns.
MEKILWORT, Atropa belladonna.
MEL, Meli, XiU'acum. Hone,/, (F.) Miel A
substance of a mueo-saccharine nature, prepared
by the Apis mel/i/'tca, or common bee, which
collects it from the nectaries of flowers. Honey
is employed as aliment, condiment, and medicine.
It is demulcent and aperient; and is prescribed
as an adjunct to gargles in cynanche tonsillaris,
Ac. It is, at times, used as a detergent to foul
ulcers. Virgin Ifoiiei/, Mel rir'f/iinim seu i'(>-
(fin'eiiui, (F.) .ffiel vierrje, is that which flows
from the wax spontaneously.
IIiM.'s Balsam op Honky is formed of bnhnm
f/tolii. Ibj, honeif. Ibj, rectified spirit, one gallon.
It was long a celebrated empirical pectoral.
IIoNKV Watrr is a mixture of essences co-
loured with saffron. A little honey is added to
37
I communicate a clamminess; the effect of which
is to make it retain the scent the longer. It is
used as a scent.
Mkl Acetatcm, Oxymel — m. iEgyptiacuni.
iEgyptiacum — m. Aerium, Fraxinus ornus — m.
Arundinaceum, Saccharum.
Mkl BoitA'ciS, J/, siibhnra'cis seu bornxn'tniii.
Colliito'rinM nilstrin'r/eiis, Liiii men' turn lie Barn'ce
seu ad aphtlias, Linetiis de Bora'ee seu nd aph-
thas, Honey of liora.x, Mellite de boritx, Mid
borate. (Boracis contrit. ^j, niellis despnmrifi ^^j.
Ph. L.) Detergent. Applied to the mouth in
aphthous affections.
Met. Cannae, Saccharum (non purificatum) —
m. Coctum, Pelicide.
Mel Desi'uma'tdm, M. Depurn'tnm, C/ar'iJied
Honey, Annphrom'eli, (F.) Miel Clarifie ou de-
sptitiie ou depure, Jfcllite simple, Sirop de miel.
Melt the honey in a water-bath, and remove the
scum. Uses the same as honey.
Mrl RoS/E. M. roia'tiim, Melli'tiim de Rnsis.
Rhodom'eli, Uhodostac'ton, Honey of Roses, (F. )
Miel rosnt, Mellite de Roses. (Rosa r/allic. ^'j,
aqiKB bidlietit. f^^xij, mellis despnm. f^^xx. Ma-
cerate the roses in f^viij of boiling water for f<iur
hours; press out as much fluid as possible aii'l
set aside. Macerate the residue in f^iv of boil-
ing water for half an hour, and again express.
Reserve f.^iv of the first infusion ; mix the re-
mainder with the infusion last obtained ; add the
honey, and evaporate to a pint. Lastly, add the
reserved infusion, and strain. Ph. 11. S.) Af-
tringent and detergent. Used chiefly iu gargles
and washes for aphthae, &c.
Mel Scill-*;, Oxymel scilla; — m. Scillae com-
positura, Syrupus scillie compositus.
Mel Vinosum, ffinomel — m. Virginum, see
Mel.
MEL^'NA, Mclanorrhag"ia, Mel(Bnorrhrig"ia,
Melm' no-diarrltip' n , Ic'terns niger, Melanchlo'rus,
Melanic'teriis, Melas Te'teriis, Melanism' lis, Mor-
bus niger seu niger Hippoc'ratis, Enterorrhir'n,
niack Jaundice, (F.) Melena, Meleiie, MSlas-
ictere, ]tfaladie noire, Meliii^, Ictire noire; from
(itXaf. /jfXrivuf, ' black.' A name given to vomit-
ing of black matter, ordinarily succeeded by
evacuations of the same character. It seems to
be often a variety of hcEmatemesis. The Black
Vomit in yellow fever is owing to a morbid secre-
tion from the lining membrane of the stomach
and small intestines mixed with blood. Melscna
also signifies hemorrhage from the intestines;
Fluxus sple'niciis, Dysenter'ia sple'nica, Dejec-
tio'nes nigra;, Seces'sus niger, Hem'orrhage from
the Tutes'tincs.
Mel^na Fu:jgosa Carcinodes, nrematodes
fungus.
MELiENODTARRHCEA, Melsena.
MELv^iNOGO'OrS, from ficXnc, ntXavoi. 'black,'
and ayw, 'I drive away.' A medicine believed to
be capable of expelling atrabilis or 'black bile.'
MEL.ENORRHAGIA, Melaena.
MELATXE. see Choroidea tunica.
MELALEU'CA CAJAPU'TI, M. Minor seu
Leucoden'dron, Myrtiis Leneaden'dron, Lepto-
spcrmum Leurnden'drum. Ord. Myrtaeea?. 'This
plant affords the Cajeput Oil, (see Caiepnt.) The
leaves are esteemed diuretic, stomachic, and em-
raenagogne.
MELALEt'CA Leccodendron, M. Cajaputi —
m. Minor. M. Cajaputi.
MELAMPIIO'NUS, from ^t>of, 'obscure,' and
ipuvTi' 'voice.' Ha vins a hoarse or indistinct voice.
MELAMPHYLLUM. Acanthus mollis.
MELA M POD E. Helleborus niger.
MELAMPODIUM. Helleborus niger.
MELAX/EMA. Suffocation.
MELAN/EMIA. Venosify.
MEL'ANAGOGUE, Mdanago'gus, from ^JtXaj,
MELANCHLORUS
578
MELEGUETTA
^'Xavog, 'black,' and ayu, 'I expel.' A merlioine
which the ancients believed adapted for expelling
blnok hile or niclaneholy.
MP^LANCIILO'R'US, from /-"tXat. ixeUvof,
• black,' and x^-^poi' ' green.' The ancients gave
this name to certain dark-coloured topical reme-
dies. See Melaena.
MELANCHOLE, Atrabilis.
MELANCHOLIA, Melancholy — m. Autochi-
rica. Suicide — m. Errabunda, Cuttubuth, Kutu-
buth— m. Flatuosa, Hypochondriasis — m. Hypo-
chondriaca. Hypochondriasis — m. Nervea, Hypo-
chondriasis— ni. Pleonectica, see Pleonectica
— m. Saltans, Chorea — m. Suicidium, Suicide
— ni. Uterina, Nymphomania — m. Zoanthropia,
Melancholy.
MEL'ANCHOLIC, IfeJanclioViens, Melan'chn-
his, MeJnnchoJo'deR, (Se.) Dram, Drum, (F.) 3le-
hniroHqiie, from /utXnf, jjc^avog, 'black,' and x°^'^'
'bile.' One labouring under melancholy. That
which belongs or relates to melancholy.^ In
popular language, one of a gloomy disposition.
MELANCHOLINESS, Melancholy.
MELANCHOLODES, Melancholic.
MELANCHOLUS, Melancholic.
MEL'ANCHOLY, Melancho'lia, same etymon.
Lyjiema'nin, Ecphro'nia MelfincJto'Ua, Mania
Mclaiicho'lica seu Melancho'lia, Tristema'nia,
Baryth'mia, Htjpolepsioma'nia, Anoe'sia ndstric'-
ta, Fixa'tio mononoe'a, Mel'ancholiuefin, (Sc.) Dis-
mal ; (F.) Melancolie, Li/perophrenie. Same
etymon. A disease supposed, by the ancients, to
be caused by black bile. A variety of mental
alienation, characterized by excessive gloom,
mistrust, and depression, generally, with insanity
on one particular subject or train of ideas, Mnno-
nin'nia, Monomo'ria. Panaphohia, Demonomania,
ErntDmnnia, Nostalgia, &c., may be referred to
this head.
Melancholy is also used for unusual gloominess
of disposition.
Melancholy, Erotic, Erotomania — m. Love,
Erotomania. «
MELAN'CHRUS, Melan'ochms, from iieXa;,
licyavoc, 'black,' and XP^^' '* colour.' One at-
tacked with black jaun'ciice. Supposed, by some,
to be an abbreviation of Melanehlorus.
MELANCOLIE, Melancholy.
MELANCOLfQUE. Melancholic.
MELANEPHRIDOSIS, Sudor Anglicus niger.
MELANGE PECTORAL, Mistura acidi hy-
drocyaniei.
MELAN'IC, 3felan'icwi, Melajtnt'ic, Melanot'-
iciis, (F.) Melan^ ; from jxtXag, ficXavoi, 'black.'
(>f or belonging to Melanosis; — as 3fehinic
(icponit, a black colouring nintter deposited from
the blood under special circumstances; — see
Melanosis.
MELANTC DEPOSIT, Melanosis.
MELANICTERUS, Melaena.
MKLANIENNES. (Taehe^), Ncevus.
MELANINE, see Choroidea tunica.
MELANISME, Melanismus.
MELANISMUS, Melfena. M. L C. St. Hi-
laire employs the term Melanisme. for the change
of coloration of the skin in which the pigment is
of a deeper hue and in greater quantity than
natural.
MELANOCARCINOMA, Cancer, melanotic.
MELANOCHRUS, Melanchrus.
MELANOMA, Melanosis — m. Pulmonum, see
Melanosis.
MELANOMYCES, Melanospongns.
MELANOPATHI'A, from ,Jt\a;, neUvof,
'black,' and KaOo^, 'affection.' Ni'qrilism, Ni-
<jrii"ie9. A disease of the skin, which consists
in augmentation of black pigment: generally in
patches.
MELANOPHYMA, Ergot.
MELANOPIPER, Piper nigrum.
MELANOPNEUINION, see Melanosis.
MELANORRIIAtUA, Mclrena.
MELANORRIIIZUM, Helleborus niger.
MELANOSE, Melanosis.
MELANO'SIS, Melan'sia, Melaiw'ma, Nigritn'.
do, (F.) Df-</in^rescence noire, MHauoHc ; from
lic\as, ni\ttvoi, 'black.' An organic affection, in
which the tissue of the parts is converted, owing
to a mehin'ic deposit, into a black, hard, hunio-
geneous substance, near which ulcers or cavities
may form; — owing to the softening, citlior of
the substance itself, or of some other morbid
tissue, — of tubercles especially. This morbific
change affects the lungs particularly ; when it is
called Jfelano'sis seu Melano'ma seu A\ithruco' nig
Puhno'num, Ifelanopnen'mon, Niyritu'do mclnnut'-
icd, Melnji'sis Pulmonum, Puenmonovielinio'niii,
Black tubercle, (F.) Melanoee Pulmonaire. It is,
also, met with in the liver and areolar texture.
Its causes are very obscure. Melanosis of tlio
lungs constitutes one of the species of phthisis
of Bayle ; but it is impossible to distinguish it
from the other species during life.
In the classification of Fuchs, Melanosen
(G.) forms a family of diseases.
The deposition of melanic matter in the tissues
is not necessarily connected with malignant dis-
ease. See Cancer, melanotic.
Melanosis Pulmonum, see Melanosis — m.
Universalis, Venosity.
MELANOSMEGMA, see Sapo.
MELANOSPO N'G U S, Melannmy'ces, from
f/fX«s, /ifAfiTOs, 'black,' and amyyo;, 'si)onge.'
The tuberiform variety of melanosis of the lungs.
MELANOTIC, Melanic — m. Cancer, Cancer,
melanotic.
MEL'ANOTIIRIX, Atricapill'nH, (F.) Milam-
trifjue, from ficXas, 'black,' and 5/ji|, 'hair.'
Having black hair.
MELANSIS, Melanosis — m. Pulmonum, Me-
lanosis pulmonum.
MELANTIIIUM, Nigella, M. Virginicum— m.
Musca;toxicum, Ainianthum muscoetoxicum.
MuLAN'TnillM VirOIN'iCUM, Melauthiuni, Lei-
mnn'thium Viri/in'icum, Quafadil ; indigenous;
Order, Melanthaceae, flowering in July, is said to
be a sure but severe remedy for itch.
MEL AS, Lepra nigricans — m. Icterus, Me-
laena.
MELAS'MA, Ecchymn'mn 3felos'mn, Nirp-nr,
from pie^ag, ' black.' A black spot or ccdiyinosis,
occurring on the lower extremities of old people
especially. Also a cutaneous affection analogou.s
to chloasma, differing from it only in the (lurk
c(d()ur of the morbid pigment. It is also called
Pityri'fieis nii/ra.
MELAS'SES, Molns'ses, Melns'lum, Theriacn
commu'nis, S'ljr'upus enipi/renwat'icus sen nit/er,
Sac'chari F<PX, Treacle. (Old Eng.) Triarle ; froia
/ieXi, 'honey,' or from /jtXu?, ' black.' The syrup,
which remains after the juice of the sugar-cane
has been subjected to all the operations for ex-
tracting sugar from it. In the United States, the
syrup, made in the process of forming cnminon
sugar, is called melasses ; that remaining after
the refinement of sugar being termed eutjar-huuH
melasses or treacle.
Mklassrs Simrit, Rnm.
MELATHOPH'IA, from pitUi, 'a limb,' and
arnixDia, ' wasting.' Wasting of the limbs.
MELCA. iJt>Ka. Food made of milk, coogo-
lated bv boiling vinegar.
MELE, Specillum.
MELEA, Pyrus malu.i.
MELEGUETTA, Amomum grana paradisL
MELEIOS
579
MELLITUM
MELET'OS, n„\eios, Mdi'nun, Melias. A spe-
cies of alum found in the island of Melos.
MKLENA, Meiwna.
JUKLENE, Melajna.
MKI,Ey,K, Pinus larix.
MKLI, Mel.
MKLIA, Fraxinus ornus.
Mk'lia Azbd'arach, Azednra'cha amcp'nn,
PoiHiin lierry Tree, Azed' aracli , Pride of India
or of Clu'iiH, Pride tree, Hop tree, Bead tree.
Xat. Ord. Meliaceae; Sex. Si/st. Decandria Mo-
nogynia. The bark of the root — called in India
ifeem Hark, Azedarach, (Ph. U. S.), is usually
given in decoction, in the proportien of three or
fuur ounces of the bark of the fresh root to a
quart of water, boiled down to a pint. The dose
is one or two table-spoonfuls, every two or three
hours, till purging is induced. It is given in this
manner as an anthelmintic. It is sometimes
formed into an ointment, and used in tinea
capitis. The tree is a native of Syria, Persia,
and the north of India, and is abundant in the
eouthern states of the Union.
Mki.ia Ti;nitA, Creta.
MELIAN'TIIUS MAJOR, Nat. Ord. Zygo-
phylleaj. A south African plant, a depiction of
whose leaves is a good external remedy in tinea
cnpilis, crusta serpiginosa, necrosis and foul
ulcers. It is also useful as a gargle and lotion
ill sore throat and diseases of the gums. The
hruised leaves applied to ulcers promote granu-
lation.
MELICERA, Porrigo favosa.
MELICEHIA, Ilydrarthrus, Porrigo favosa.
JIELICE'RIS, Mcllfa'vium, from jttXi., 'honey,'
and ici/poj, '\V!1X.' Emphi/'tna eiivi/s'tis melice'ris.
All encysted tumour filled with a substance re-
seinhling honey. Also, Porrigo favosa.
MELIC'EllOUS, McHcer'itoHn : same etymon.
Having the characters of meliceris, — as a melice-
ruuH tiiinour.
MELICERUM, Porrigo favosa.
MELICIIEI'UM, from fitXi, 'honey,' and j^^tw,
'I pour out.' A honey-like discharge from an
ulcer.
JIELTCRATUM. Hydromeli.
MELIFAVIUM, Meliceris, Porrigo favosa.
MELIGEI'ON, from ni\i, 'honey.' A fetid
humour of the consistence of honey, discharged
from ulcers, accompanied with caries of a bone.
MKLILOT, Trifolium melilotus.
MELILOTUS, Trifolium melilotus.
JIELIME'LUM, from ^tXi, 'honey,' and ftriXov,
'an apple.' A name given to two compounds: —
one of honey and quince, the other of honey and
apples.
MKfJXE, Melaena.
MELINI SULPHAS, Cadmii sulphas.
MELl'NUM, firj'Xivov. The ancient name of an
ointment, and of several plasters, described by
I)ioscorides and Galen : so called from their re-
semhling the nn^^uv or quince in colour.
Mr.i.iNiiM SiJi.PHURicuM, Cadmii sulphas.
JIELINUS, Meleios.
Ml^LIOLl^, Mellitum.
MELIPIIYLLUIM, Melissa.
MELIS'SA, from ixt'S.iaaa, 'a bee.' because bees
piitlier honey from it. M. offieina'llK seu I'oiiin'-
iKi scu liirsu'ta seu ctt'rina seu citrn'ta seu hor.
tiii'nis, CItra't/o, Citra'ria, Melitei'a, Melln»(d)'-
«><», Mrliltp'uri, ifeliiKohnt'anum, MeJInnophiil'-
liim, Meliphyl'hiiti, Mentha citrn'ta, Melit'lin,
Ceilrniiel'la, A/jian'triim, Ero'tion, Balm, (F.)
.V/'iW, La. Cilronelle, Cftine ; Nat. Ord. Ln-
hiat.'B. The leaves of balm, Melissa (Ph.
V. S.). have a pleasant odour; and an austere
and aromatic taste. Halm was formerly much
used ia nervous diseases, but is now only em-
ployed when made into tea, as a diluent, in fe-
brile affections. It is the basis of a celebrated
preparation, — the Eau des Cannes.
Melissa Calamin'tha, Calamin'tha. C. vuJga'-
rie seu ofUcina'riim seu yrandljlo'ra, ThymuH ca-
lamin'tha,Cal'amint, NpHpite, {¥.) Calament. This
plant smells like wild mint, though more agree-
ably. It is used, popularly, as a tea in dyspep-
sia; flatulent colic; hysteria; uterine obstruc-
tions, (fee.
Melissa Canariensis, Dracocephalum Cana-
riense — m. Citrata, Melissa — in. Citrina, Melissa
— m. Clinopodium, Clinopodium vulgare.
Melissa GiiANniFi.o'itA, 7'hynni« glnndifo'nts,
Calami)i'tha maipio jlnrc, C. niniita'na, Jliniutain
Cal'amiut. This plant resembles the last in
virtues.
Melissa IIirsuta, Melissa — m. Ilortensis,
Melissa — in. Humilis, Melittis melissophyllum.
Melissa Nep'icta. 7'hywim urp'fta seu multi-
fo'riis, Ciihniiiii'tlia Aii'ylica seu Puh'yii odo're
seu nep'eta seu parvijlo'ra seu trichot'owa, Nep'-
eta (igres'tis, Field Val'amint, Spotted Oul'amint.
Formerly used as an aromatic.
Melissa Officinalis, Melissa — m. Pulegioi-
iles. Iledeoma — rii. Romnna, Melissa — in. Tragi,
Melittis melissophyllum — m. Turcica, Dracoce-
phalum Canariense.
MELISSE DES HOIS, Melittis melissophyl-
lum— m. de Moldavie, Dracocephalum Canari-
ense.
MELISSOBOTANUM, Melissa.
MELISSOBOTOS, Melissa.
MELISSOPHYLLUM, Melissa, Melittis melis-
sophyllum.
MELISSOT, Melittis melissophyllum.
MELITiR'MIA, JldithcB'mia, from ^,c>^,
'honey,' and 'ai^ia, 'blood.' A condition of the
circulating fluid, in which it contains an unusual
quantity of saccharine matter.
MELIT^NA, Melissa.
MELITAGRE. Impetigo.
MELITEIA, Melissa.
MELITILEMIA, Melitremia.
MELITIIOCORTON, Comllina Corsicana.
MELITIIYPERURIA, Diabetes.
MELI'TIS, Infainina'tio gencE ; from /iqXov,
' the cheek,' and /f/s, denoting inflammation. In-
flammation of the cheek.
MELITITES, Hydromeli.
MELITTA, Bee.
MELITTIS, Melissa.
Melit'tis Melissophyl'lfw, La'mium monta'-
nnm, McliKsa hn'milis seu sylres'lris seu Tragi,
La'miinn Plin'ii, Melissophyl'lnm, Bastard Balm,
(F.) Jfelisxe des Bois, Melissot. Ord. Labiatfe.
This plant was formerly employed, like the balm,
in uterine obstructions.
Melittis Svlvesthis, M. Melissophyllum.
MRLTTURIA, Urine, diabetic, see Diabetes.
MELI'TUS, Melli'tiis. from mcl, ' honey.' Ap-
pertiiininff to hnnov. Of the nature of honey.
MELIZO'MUM, from ^rXi, 'honey.' and ^ui/iog,
'broth ;' Mead, Melli'na, Metheflin, (Prov.) Mnl-
lin. A drink prepared with honey.
MELLA'GO, from mel, 'honey.' Any medi-
cine having the consistence of honey. A fluid
extract.
MKLLTCRATUM, Ilvdromeli.
MELLIFAVIUM, Porrigo favosa.
M ELL IN A, Melizomnni.
MEL LITE DE BORAX. Mel boracis— m. de
Roses, jiel ro<^fe — m. Simple. Mel despuinntum.
MELLI'TUM. from md, 'honey.' (F.) Miel
vte'diciual. Hydromelle, Saccharide liqiiide. Meli-
ole. A prepared honey: — a medicated honey.
Mkllitum de Acetate Ctpri, Linimentum
JErugiuis.
MELLITUS
580
MEMBRANA
Mrt-ltthm dk Meucuria'li Compos'itum, (F.)
]lfiel lie merriiriale cotiipone, Si/ri>p de lonrjiie vie.
(Slice, purl/, tiiprciiriuliii Ibij, borni/iiiin, aiichusce
offieinnliH, aa tt)ss, iris puriidncori riidicia recent.
2ij, rnd. nice. geiitiniicB ,^j, mellis Ibiij, vini albi
^^^xiij. Macerate the bruised roots in the wine
for 24 hours ; strain ; mix the juices and honey ;
l)oil slightly, and filter: then add the two liquors,
and hoil to the consistence of syrup. Ph. P.)
Cathartic, stomachic, &c.
Mei.litum db Rosis, Mel rosae.
Mkllitum Simplex, Si/r'iipiis de jlfelle, Si/riip
of Huiiey. {Mel/in tbvj, fiqiicB Ibiss, carboiiat.
citlcis. prmparot. ,^iij. iMix the honey, water,
and carbonate of lime in a silver vessel : boil the
mixture, stirring, at the same time, for 2 or 3
minutes: then a.dd prepared animal charcoal ^v),
tnio whites <\f eg(]s, mixed in a pint of water. Mix
all, and boil to the consistence of syrup : remove
irora the fire; let the sj'rup rest for 15 minutes,
and p:iss through a cloth. Ph. P.) Demulcent.
MKLLITUS, Melitus.
MELO^E'MIA, from jicKai, 'black,' and 'aifia,
'blood.' A state of blood, characterized by its
incoagulability, black colour, and septic pro-
perties.
MELOCHI'TIS, Lapis Arme'nius, Armeni'tes,
Arme'niau Stone. A variety of blue carbonate
of copper. It is found in (Jermany, the Tyrol,
and especially in Armenia. It was formerly em-
})loyod as a cardiac, and as proper for purging
avvav melancholy.
MELODID'YMUS, from /itAof, 'a limb,' and
iiiuixns. ' double.' A double member or limb.
MKLOE MAJALIS. see Cantharis.
Mklok Niger, M. Pennnyhan'icns ; Class, Jn-
secta; Ord. Coleoptera. A blistering fly, nati\'o
of the United States. It feeds upon Pmnel'la
vidga'ria or Self-heni, and Amhro'sin tri/'ida or
Stick-weed. These flies resemble the Spanish
flies in properties.
Mki.oe Pknn'sylvanictis, M. niger.
Mei.or ProscaraB/E'us, Cantarel'lus, was
anciently used as a diuretic and anti-hydropho-
bic. See Cantharis.
Mri.ok Vesicatorius, Cantharis.
MELOM'ELES, from jxc\og, 'a member,' and
/ieXcos, 'unprofitable.' A monster with super-
numerary limbs.
MELON, firiXov, ' an apple.' A disorder of the
eye, in which it protrudes out of the socket. See
Exoplitliiilmi.T. — Castelli.
Mki.om, Cucumis melo — m.d'Eau, Cucurbita
citrullus — m. Plant, Cucumis melo — m. Water,
Cucurbita citrullus.
MELONGEXA, Solanum melongena.
MELOPLACUNTIUxM, Meloplacus.
MELOPLA'CUS, Meloplacim' tinm, from ixn^ov.
' an apple,' 'a quince.' A compound obtained by
lioiling iciiie, honey, quince, pe^^per, <fec., together.
— aalen.
MELOPLAS'TTC, Meloplas'ticm, Genoplas'tic,
from ijin^iv, 'the cheek,' and irXaattui, 'I form.'
(F.) Mfdaplasiie, an epithet for the operation for
forming a new cheek when any part of it has
been lost.
MELOS, litKof, Memhrxim. A member. A limb.
An organized part, composed of other parts. —
Castelli.
MELO'SIS, Catheten'a'mus, Oenemhate'sia, from
^ir{Kri, 'a probe.' The act of probing a wound,
ulcer, (to. — llippocratus. Catheterism.
MELOTIIllUM. Bryonia alba;
MELO'TIS, Melo'tris, Specil'lum minus. From
ftri^tj, ' a probe.' A small probe, — a probe for the
ear. See Apvromele.
MELOTRTS, Melotis.
MELT, Spleen. Also, the sperm of fish,—
3filt.
MELTING, Fusion.
MELUM, nri\ov, Malum. An apple. Fruit in
general. Also, a round, firm female breast.
The cheek. The apple-eye or melon-eye is nn
apple-formed projection of the eye from tho
orbit.
Melum Armeniacum, Prunus armoniaco — in,
Cydonium, see Pyrus cydonia.
MELUSTUM, Melasses.
MEMBRA PUDENDA, Genital organs.
MEMBRANA, Membrane— m. Abdominis, Pc-
ritoniEUin — m. Adi|)o.sa, Cellular membrane— in.
Adventitia, Decidua refiexa — m. Agnina, Amnios
— m. AmphiblestrodcB, Retina — ni. Araehnoidea,
Hyaloid membrane — m. Capsularis testis, Allm-
ginea — m. Carnosa, Dartos — m. Cellulosa, Cel-
lular membrane — m. Cellulosa, Decidua— m. Ce-
rebri tenuis, Pia mater — m. Cerebri mollis, Pia
mater — m. Cerebri propria, Pia mater — m. Cho-
rio eapillaris, see Choroide.'i tunica — m. Circu-
mossalis. Periosteum — m. Communis, Decidiin —
in. Cor circumplexa, Pericardium — m. Ci/rdis,
Pericardium — m. Costalis, Pleura — m. Costas suc-
cingens. Pleura — m. Crassa, Decidua reflexa —
m. Cribrosa, Decidua — m. Cuticularis, Dura mn-
ter — in. Decidua scrotina, see Decidua — iii. Dc-
muriana, see Aqueous humour, and Cornea — in.
Dentata, Denticulatum ligamentura — in. Deriiia-
todes. Dura mater — m. Descemetii, see Aqueous
humour, and Cornea — m. Diaphratton, Mcliasti-
nuin — m. Dura cerebrum ambiens. Dura mater —
m. Epicrania, Galea aponeurotica capitis — m.
Externa dentium, Tapetum alveoli — m. Farcimi-
nalis, Allantois — m. Fenestme rotundic, see Fe-
nestra— m. Filamcntosa, Decidua reflexa — m.
Plocculenta, Decidua — m. Foctum involveiis,
Amnios — ra. Fusca, see Sclerotic.
Mejibra'na GranijLo'sa, Gran'ular memhrane
or layer, (F.) 3lembrane granidense, Coiiche ecl-
hileuse (Coste). A layer of yellow, granular
matter, which lines the inner layer of the Griia-
fian follicle, and is regarded by Kiilliker as epi-
thelium.
Membrana Humorts Aquei, see Aqueous hu-
mour— m. Interspinalis, Interspinal ligament —
m. Intestinalis, Allantois — m. Jacobi. Tunica
Jaeobi — m. Jacobi Arnold, see Iris — m. Liinitnn?,
see Iris — m. Limitans Pacini, see Iris — m. Lin-
guDO, see Tongue — m. Macilentior, Epiploon, gas-
trohepatic — m. Mucosa, Decidua, see iMeinlirnne —
m. Nervorum, Neurilemma — m. Nictitans, Vnlvula
semilunaris — m. Olfactoria, Pituitary mcmlFrane
— m. Ossis, Periosteum — m. Ovi niaterna, De-
cidua— m. Ovuli cortioalis, Oiocalyinina — in.
Pellucida, Amnios — m. Pigmenti, see Iris — ui.
Pinguedinosa, see Cellular membrane — in. Pin-
guis intestinoruin, Jlesentery — m. Pitiiiiariii,
Pituitary membrane, see Membrane — m. Pilui-
tosa, see Membrane — m. Pleuretica, Pleura— m.
Prseexistens, Decidua — m. Propria, Basement
membrane, and Folliculi Graafian!, see Cortex
ovi — m. Pupillaris, Pupillary meiiihrane.
Membra'na Putam'i.sis, (pntamen, 'a shell or
husk.') Pellic'itla Ovi. The memhrane adlicrent
to the inner surface of the eggshell. — Putumen
seu Testa Oi-i.
Membrana Retiformis Chorii, Decidua reflexa
— m. Ruyschiana, Choroid (inner layer.)
Membrana Sacciform'is. A separate synovial
membrane for the inferior radio-cubital articula-
tion, which covers the upper surface of the trian-
gular ligament, and the sort of incomplete ring
which circumscribes the head of the ulna.
Membrana SEMiPELLi;cinA,Caligo— m.Sernfa,
Membrane (serous) — m. Sinuosa, Decidua — m.
Subcostalis, Pleura — m. Succingens,Diapbragiii,
Pleura.
Membuana TEST.E, Shell membrane. Tbe
MEMBRANACEOUS
581 MEMBRANES ALBUGINEUSES
membrane that lines the shell of the bird's egg:
— a simple ineriibriine.
Mkmukana TiioitACKM IxTERSEPiEXS, Media-
etiiiutn — III. Tyiupiiiii, pee Tympanum — m. Tym-
piini secundariii, see Fenestra — m. Urinaria, Al-
iiintois — ni. Uteri interna evoluta, Decidua — m.
Uvea, Uvea — m. Vasculosa cerebri, Pia mater —
in. Viisorum Coinmuniij, Endangium — m. Verricu-
luris, Retina.
Mkmbka'na Versic'olok. A peculiar mem-
brane— aet'urding to Mr. Fielding, of Hull —
situate iinuiodiately behind the retina, and in
conne.vion with it. It is separable into distinct
layers from the choroid, and is supplied with
bhioil-vessels.
Mi;.MBiiANA Waciiendorfiana, Pupillarymem-
brnne.
MEMBRANACEOUS, Membranous.
MKM15RANE, Mcmbra'mi, Hymen, Meuinx,
Epeii'di/mi(, Pan'nule. A name given to differ-
ent thin organs, representing a species of supple,
more or less elastic, webs ; varying in their struc-
ture and vital properties, and intended, in gene-
ral, to absorb or secrete certain fluids; and to
separate, envelop, and form other organs. Bi-
chiit has divided the membranes into simple and
compound.
Simtile membranes comprise three orders. 1. A
J/»(v)u» niemhnnie, Memhra'iia mnco'sa seu pitiii-
tn'm seu pitnita'ria, Phley'mi/men, Phlexpnat' hy-
men, Membrane follictileuse (Ch.), is SO called, on
account of the mucous fluid by which it is
const^intly lubricated. Mucous membranes line
the canals, cavities, and hollow organs, which
coiiiniunicate externally by different apertures
on the skin. Bichat refers them to two great
divisions — the (/ustro-pnlnmnary, and the r/cnifo-
vn'iKiry. The mucous membranes have a striking
nii!ili)!,'y with the cutaneous tissue, in organiza-
tion, fuiiotions, and diseases. They are composed
of eiiorion, papilhe, and epidermis; and are fur-
iiislied with a multitude of follicles, which secrete
u visci<l humour, — mucus. They receive a quan-
tity of arterial vessels, veins, lymphatics, and
nerves. 2. The Serous membranes, JIfembra'ncB
serii'iKB, M. viUeuses simple (Ch.), are transparent,
thin, and cotnposed of one lamina. One surface
rtiiheres to other te.xtures; the other is smooth,
polisiied, and moistened by a serous fluid. They
lire arranged — in the form of sacs without aper-
tures— as great, intermediate reservoirs for the
cxtialant and absorbent systems, in which the
serous fluid, in passing from one system, tarries
some time before it enters the other. The serous
membranes resemble the areolar membrane in
structure and diseases. They facilitate the mo-
tion on each other of the organs which they en-
velop. They may be divided into (a) Serous
vicmhranes, properly so called ; as the arachnoid,
pleura, peritoneum, and tunica vaginalis, (h)
Syntwiiil membranes or capsules; which belong
to joints, tendons, aponeuroses. Ac. These tnem-
briines — mucous and serous — are constituted of
siiniliir layers — epithelium, basement membrane,
condensed areolar tissue ; and a looser form of
Breolar tissue, termed submucous in one case, —
tubserous in the other. 3. Fibrous membranes.
Membranes albui/ineuses (Ch.) These are almost
all continuous, and terminate at the periosteum —
tlieir common centre. Tliey have been divided
into two sections. 1. Enreloping aponeuroses,
■aponeuroses of insertion. Fibrous capsules of the
j"iiit«, and Fibrous sheath of tenifons. 2. The
Periosteum, Dura mater, Sclerotica, Tunica albu-
gmen testis, Fibrous membrane of the spleen, &c.
The fibrous membranes are not free or moistened
by any particular fluid. They adhere by both
surfaces to the neighbouring parts ; are firm, re-
iistJDg, but slightly elastic, and of a white colour;
sometimes pearly and glistening. Tlieir vessels
are numerous, in some, as in the dura mater and
periosteum; in others, scarcely perceptible, as in
the aponeuroses. The presence of nerves has
never been proved, although several circumstan-
ces, regarding their sensibility, render their ex-
istence probable. The fibrous membranes serve,
in general, to augment the solidity of the organs
which they envelop; to retain the muscles in
their respective positions ; to favour the motion
of the limbs, and that of the muscles and skin ;
to form canals and rings for the passage of dif-
ferent organs, <tc.
Bichat admits three species of Compound Mem-
branes. 1. The Sero-Jibrous, formed of a serous
and fibrous lamina, intimately adherent to each
other;- — as the pericardium, dura mater, and tu-
nica albuginea. 2. The Sero-mucous, formed of
a serous and mucous lamina; — as the gall-bladder
at its lower part. 3. The Fibro-tuucous, consti-
tuted of the union of a fibrous and mucous mem-
brane; as the mucous membrane of titc nasal fossee,
gums, <fec. Chaussier admits six kinds of mem-
branes. 1. The laminated. See Cellular Tissue.
2. The serous or simple lu'llous. 3. 'The follicular
or complicated villous. 4. The muscular or Jleshy.
5. The albugineous. 6. The albuminous.
Membrane, Accidental, M. false — m. Acci-
dentelle, M. false — m. Adtiee, Conjunctiva — m.
Adventitious, M. false — m. Anhistous, Decidua.
Membrane, Basement, Primary or lim'itary
membrane, 3fenibra'na pro'pria. A delicate,
structureless lamella of membrane found beneath
the epidermis or epithelium, on all the free sur-
faces of the body.
MFMPRANE CADUQUE, Decidua— m. Ca-
duque rejlechie, Decidua refiexa — m. de Demours,
see Aqueous Humour, and Cornea — w. de Des-
ceniet, see Aqueous Humour, and Cornea.
Membrane, Fai.se, Acciden'tal or Adrentit".
ions membrane. Pseudo-membrane, Pseud'ymen,
Pseudome'ninx, (F. ) Fausse membrane, M. acci-
dentelle. Membranous productions, which form
on all the free natural surfaces, and on every
free accidental surface, are so called. They
are, in general, produced by the exudation of a
fibrinous matter, susceptible of organization,
which takes place in consequence of inflammation
of the various tissues. These accidental mem-
branes occur on the skin after the application of
a blister; on mucous surfaces, as in croup; on
the parietes of inflamed veins and arteries, <fec.
The cicatrices of wounds are formed of thein.
Of late, it has been projjosed to give the name
pseudo-membrane to fibrinous exudations, which
are devoid of organization, whilst neo-membrane
may be applied to such fresh productions as have
become supplied with vessels and nerves.
MEMBRANE FAUSSE, Membrane, false —
m. Germinal, see Molecule — ni. Granular, Mem-
brana granulosa — m. Granuleuse, Membrana gra-
nulosa— m. Haptogen, see Haptogenous — m. Pri-
mary, Membrane, basement — m. Pscudo, M. false
— HI. Hyaloid, see Hyaloid membrane — m. Jacob's,
Tunica Jacobi — m. Limitary, Membrane, basement
— m. Nasmyth's, see Enamel — m. Ruyschienne,
Choroid (inner layer), Ruyschiana tunica — m.
Shell, Membrana testa; — m. du Tijtnpan, see Tym-
panum— m. Virginal, Hymen — m. Vitellary,
Zona pellui'ida — m. Vitelline, Zon.a pellucida.
MEMBRAXES ALBVO INFUSES, Mem-
branes, fibrous, see Albuginea — m. Folliculeuses,
Membranes, mucous — m. Vcloutecs, Villous mem-
branes— m. Villeuses simples, Membranes, serous.
Membranes of the Fcetits, Membra' ucb f velum
involren'tes, Velamen'ta infan'tis, Integumen'ta
frtiis. The membranes. The membranes which
immediately envelop the feetus in the cavity of
the uterus, and the rupture of which gives rise
MEMBRAXEUX
5 82
MENINGOMALACIA
to the discharge of the liquor amnii. These mem-
branes are the decidua, chorion, and amnion.
Mr,MBii\NF;s, Thb. JFenibranes of the Foetus.
M K.UliRA S'EUX, Membranous.
MKM'BRANIFORM, Jlemhrmii/orm'is, from
meinhriinn. a.nA forma : — resembling a membrane.
A name given to thin and flat parts, which re-
semble membranes.
Mkmbiianipoiim Musclks. Very broad and
thin muscles, as the platysma myoides, obliquus
abiloiiiinis, &c.
jMEMBRANOSUS, Fascia lata muscle.
IMEM'BRANOUS, Memhrano' kw>, Memhrana'-
ceu^. Ifi/meiio'den, {¥.) Memhraneiix. Having the
nature of membrane. Formed of membrane.
MEMBRAXULA, Ilymenium — m. Coronie ci-
liaris, see Ciliary — m. Lunata Vagina), Hymen —
in. Nervorum, Neurilemma — tq. Semilunaris con-
junctiviie, Vaivula semiluniiris.
MRM'BRANULE, Mcmhran'iila, diminutive of
memhrana, ' a membrane.' A small membrane.
3fE.UnRE, IMembrum — m. Viril, Penis.
MEMBRO'SUS, Memhro'sior, JlfentnWtiis, Mil-
tonia'tns, Nann'tiis, va/de Jfentida'tus, Fanciiio'-
ans, Paohn, (F.) sllembnt, from memhrum, 'the
male organ.' One whose penis is very large.
JfEUnnn, Mcmbrosus.
MEMBRUM. Arfiis, Melon, Colon, a limh, a
member, (F.) Memhre. The limhi or extremities
or members of animals are certain parts exterior
to the body, which are more or less apparent,
long, and moveable. It is by means of tlieir
limbs, that animals transport themselves from
one place to another; and that they defend them-
selves, or attack others. Tlie limlis are arranged
on each side of the trunk, witli which they are
articulated. In man, they are four in number:
— two tipper or thorncic, and two lower, pelvic or
abdoiiiiiial. Also, the male organ.
Membuitm Gkxitat.e Virorhm. Penis — m. Mu-
liebre, Clitoris — in. Seminale, Penis — m. Virile,
Penis.
ME}TOJEE, Memorv — m. Perte de. Amnesia.
MEMORIA DELETA, Amnesia.
MEM'ORY, Memo'ria, jlfneme, Recorda'tio,
Jlecorda' t\iH, {¥ .) Memnire. The cerebral faculty,
by virtue of which past impressions are recalled
to the mind.
MEMPHI'TES LAPIS. A sort of stone, found
anciently in the environs of Memphis ; which was
esteemed narcotic.
MENAGOGUES, Emmenagogues.
MI'-NDESION, ^gyptiacum.
MENE. Moon.
MENECRATIS ACCTPITER, Accipiter.
MENELCO'SIS, Helcome'nia, from jxriv, ' a
month,' and 'tXxuxrif, 'ulceration.' Vicarious
menstruation from an ulcer.
MENES, Menses.
M^NESPA USIE, see Menses.
MENIDRO'SIS, from ^trjv, 'a month, and
'((^pojffij, 'sweating.' A sweating of menstrual
blood. — Bock.
MENFRIGE, see Pistacia lentiscus.
MENINGARTHROC'ACE, Tnflamma'tio mem-
hraiia'riim arlicidatio'nis, Arthromeninr/i'tis, from
ft-qviy^,' firviyyoi, ' membrane,' apflpoK, 'a joint,' and
KoKOi. ' disease.' Inflammation of the membranes
of a joint.
MEXf.XGE. Dura mater.
MENINGE, Meningeal.
MENIN'GEAL, ifcnin'gevs, from fivi'iyt, iirviy-
yos, ' a membrane.' (F.) Meninge. Relating to
the meninges, or merely to the dura mater.
Mkmngkal Apoplexy, see Apoplexy.
Meningeal ARXEnv, MinnLE, Arle'rin menin'-
gcn me'dia seu Sphmno-spino'sa seu DnroR Malris
me'dia viax'ima seu Sphano-apina'lia, Spinal Ar-
lery, (F.) Artere mfningie moycnnc ou f!jihfnn.
epineuse, ou Epincuxe, is the largest of the
branches given off by the internal nuixijlnry
artery. It enters the cranium by the furiiiiKMi
spinale, and distributes its branches cLiedy to
the dura mater.
Mkninghal Vessels, Vain meniu'gca. Tlio
vessels of the membranes of the brain.
MENIN'GES, Ellam'ides, J/nlres seu Involu'.
era Cer'ebri, Oinen'ta seu Velntiien'ta cerebni'lin,
from ftrivty^, /ini'tyyoi, 'a membrane.' Tlio thico
membranes wliich envelop the brain — Diaa
mater, Arachnoid, and Pia mater.
MEN1NGETTE, Pia mater.
MENINGIITIS, Meningitis.
MENINGl'NA, (F.) Menimjine. Rame etymon.
A name given by Chaussier to the |)ia iimtor,
united to the cerebral layer of the arachnoid.
Meningina, Inner Lamina of the, }'iu mater.
ifEXINGTNE, Meningina.
MENINGITE, CEREUllO-SPINAL, Menin-
gitis, cerebro-spinal.
MENINGINITIS, from meningina, and itin,
denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the me-
ningina.
MENINGION, Arachnoid membrane.
MF^NINGIS GUSTOS, Meningophylax.
MENINGITE, Meningitis — m. Granuhune,
Hydrocephalus interims — m. Jlaehidienne, Me-
ningitis, spinal — m. Tuberenlcitse, llydroceplni-
lus internus.
MENINGI'TIS, Meningii'tis, Eneephidi'tia
peripher'ica seu membrano'sa, (F.) fn/himmiilinn
de la membrane sereuse eephalo-rachidienne, M{-
nini/ite, from meninges, and itis, denoting infliiiii-
mation. Inflammation of the meninges or mem-
branes of the brain. See Phrenitis.
Meningitis Artiiritica, Cephalagra.
Meningitis, Cer'eero-Spinal, MyeU'tit, prte-
chia'lis, Oer'ebral or cer'cbro- spinal ti/phun, {¥.)
ileninrjite c^-ebrn-sjnnal, Filvre cirebro-spiimt,
Typhus cerebro-spjin<d. An alarmingly fatal f<inn
of epidemic fever, which prevailed in different
countries of Europe, and, also, in certain portions
of the United States, near the middle of the lOih
century. It is considered, by Boudin, to consti-
tute the cerebro-spinal form of the nosological
group of typhus.
Meningi'tis Granular, Hydrocephalus inter-
nus— m. Hydrocephalica, Hydrocephalus internus
— m. Infantum, Hydrocephalus internus — m.
Membranosa, M. spinaL
Meningitis Mesencephal'ioa. Inflammation
of the meninges of the medulla oblongata and
pons varolii more especially.
Meningitis Peripiierica, M. spinal — m. Po-
tatorum, Delirium tremens — m. Rachidian, M.
spinal — m. Scrophulous, Hydrocephalus internus.
Meningitis. Spinal, 31. Rachid'ian seu Spi-
na'lis seu peripher'ica seu membrano'sa, Pen'mye-
li'tis. Myelo-meninf/i'tia, (F.) Ileninyite rnehi-
dienne. Inflammation of the meninges of the
spinal marrow.
Meningitis, Tdbercular, see Hydrocephalus
internus — m. Tuberculosa, Hydrocephalus in-
ternus.
MENIN'GIUM. Diminutive of jivviyi, iiriY'Vy"^'
'a membrane.' A fine, delicate membrane. Tbe
tunica arachnoidea of the brain.
M E N I N G 0 - CEPH ALI'TIS, Meninf/o-enee-
phali'tis, Ceph'alo-mevinrji'tis, Enceph'aln-mniin-
gltis, from niviyi,, iir]viyyoi, ' a membrane,' Kcipnh,
'head,' and itis, a suffi.\ denoting inflammation.
Inflammation of the membranes and brain.
MENINGO-GASTRIC FEVER, Fever, gas-
tric.
MENINGOGASTRTTIS, Fever, gastric.
MENINGOMALA'CIA, from /.ijviyf, /ii)nyy»«>
MENINGOPIIYLAX
583
MENSES
' meiiiliranc' nnd /(aXaxia, 'softening.' Soften-
iii)f of iin'MibniiiPs in (general.
MKXlNiiOl'H'YLAX, Cuntos menhi'gh, Be-
prexHo'iiiiiii, (F.) /J/i/>ieiiin,itP, from /jriviy^, jinvy-
yuf, 'ii iiiembnine,' tiic dura mater; and ((,vXa^,
• :i preserver.' An instrument for dejiressing the
dura mater, and guarding it from injury, wliilst
the hone is cut or rnsped.
MKNINOORRIKE'A, from unviy^, iivviyyoq,
' ineuihrane,' and pen), ' I flow.' Ett'usion of blood
upon or l)etween the membranes of the brain.
MI'lNINtiO'SIS. Same etymon. The union
of bones by means of membrane; e. g. the arti-
ciihition of the bones of the cranium in the foetus.
Meninirosis is a variety of Syndesmosis.
MEN IN(J0SYM'P11YSIS ; Mc)iiu;jox!/z'i(i,fTom
Itrfviy^. fluYY"!' ' niombrane,' and avfjiipvati, 'grow-
iiig together.' Adhesion of or by membrane.
Adhesion of the membranes of the brain to each
other, or to tlie lirain.
MI';N'r.V(iO.SYZL\, Meningosymphysis.
MivNIXlJ LJ'Kl A ; from //(jnyf, 'a membrane,'
and oupoi/, ' urine.' The passage of urine contain-
ing nicMibranous shreds.
MENINX, Membrane— m. Choroides, Pia
mater — m. Crassa, Dura mater — m. Dura, Dura
niater — m. Exterior, Dura mater — m. Interior,
]*ia mater — m. Media, Araelitioid membrane — m.
I'aclieia, Dura mater — tn. Sclera, Dura mater —
m. Serosa, Arachnoid membrane — m. Vusculosa,
I'ia iiiMti'r.
jMENMSCIfESIS, see Amenorrhoea.
MEN [SCI, Uarlilages, inlerarticular.
MEXISPEKMUM ANGULATUM, M. Cana-
dense.
Mexispkrm'iim Can'adrn'se, Jir. aiifjnln'tuiyi,
Oril. Menispermaeeae, from unyn, ' the moon,'
and <rir£()/ia, 'seed,' in allusion to the crescentic
shape of the seed. A climbing plant, growing in
various parts of the United State.i. Said to be
used in Virginia as a substitute for sarsaparilla
in scrofula, and to be called, in the West, Sarsa-
pnn'llci. It is an excitant tonic.
Mbnispbr'mum Coc'culus, M. (jhiiicnm, Ana-
mir'ta Ciic'cnliis seu paniculu'ta, Coc'culus sube-
ro'nus. The systematic name of the plant, the
berries of which are well known by the name of
Cdc'ciiliin In'ilicus seu niibero'Hiw, liiiliiin Jierrien,
Jlttccce Piscato'rim, Indian Cockles, Coccus In'di-
ciiK, Oocciilff: ojjiclnii'rum, Cocci on'enta'les, Grana
Orieii'lis, (F.) Coque du Levant, C. lernnf. These
))erries are remarkable for their inebriating and
destructive quality to fish. The deleterious prin-
ciple appears to reside in the kernel, and in the
active principle called Picrotox'ine. Coeculus
Iiidicus has been used in decoction to kill vermin.
It has, at times, been added to beer, by fraudu-
lent tradesmen, to render it more inebriating.
Mknispermum Glauci'JI, M. coeculus — m. Pal-
niatuui, Caluinba.
Mknisi'kii'mum TuBEncuLA'Ttisr, M. Verruco'-
lum, Ciic'cnluK ciinpun. A Chinese plant, an ex-
tract from the root of which is tonic to the sto-
mach and bowels, and possesses some astrin-
gciicy. Dose, 5 to 10 gr.ains.
The same may be said of ^fenisper'mum Cor-
difii'liuni — the Goluncha, of Bengal.
Mkxisi'rumiim Vkiiuucosum, M. tuberculatum.
■ JIEXOCRYPIIIA, Amenorrhoea.
MEXOLIPSIS. see Menses.
MEN'OPAUSIS, see Menses.
MENOPIIANIA, see Menses.
i\IEXOPLAXIA, Menstruation, vicarious.
MEXOHKirA(}"IA,from ni)v. imros, 'a month,'
and piiyvuiii, ' to flow fiercel}'.' Flow of the menses.
Freiiuenrly, the word is used synonymously with
uterine hemorrhage or mctrorrhatjin, or for im-
luuderate flow of the meuses — jjro/uae menstrua-
lion, Parame'nin super' Jlua seu profu'sa, Menor-
rhiig"ia rubrrt, Catomeuio'rum Jhixits immod'iciis,
Menstrua immod' icn seu siijier'/lua, Menorrhue'ct.
Mkxouhhagia, Menstruation, Metrorrhagia —
ra. Alba, Leueorrhoea — m. Difiicilis, Dysmenor-
rhnea — m. Erronea, Menstruation, erroneous — m.
Stillatitia, Dysmenorrhea.
MENORRIIOD'A, from itrjv, nvvo?, 'a month,'
and f)£a), 'I flow.' The ordinary flow of the
menses. Also, too long continuing, or too often
returning, menstruation. Menorrhagia.
MENOSCHESIS, see Amenorrhoea.
MENOSTASIA, Amenorrhoea.
MENOS'TASIS, from liw, nr,voi, 'month,' and
oroo-if, 'stasis,' 'stagnation.' This word, accord-
ing to some, signifies the retention of the menses
and their accumulation in the uterus. According
to others, it means the acute pain which, in some
females, precedes each appearance of the menses:
a pain which has been presumed to proceed from
the stasis of blood in the capillary vessels of the
uterus.
MENOXEN'IA, Menoxeno'sis, from pijjv, iirjvog,
'a month,' and (ti/oj, 'foreign.' Irregular men-
struation.
MENOXENOSIS, Menoxenia,
MENS, Anima, Intellect.
MENSA, Tro})'ez(i, 'a table.' The upper su-
perficial part or corona of the jaw teeth.
MENSES, (pi. of mcnsis, 'a month;') J/. Mu-
He'bren, J/ulle'bria, Jfenen, Fliurus iiien'struns seu
liinn'rift, Pro' Jiuvium mii/ie'bre seu r/euild'le midie-
bie, Consuetu'do menstrua, Catanie'nin, Meii'strua,
Emme'nia, Tribu'tum luna're seu vien'struuni, Pnr-
ffdtio'nes, P. menstrutn, Gi/ncp.cei'n, Apliedri'a,
Ciirsns nien'struuK, Horas'o, Lunu'ria, Coursen,
Jfenxtrual Jhijr, Montlihj roureex or periods. Flow-
ers, Turns, Terms, the Reds, Troubles, (F.) JJois,
Jiei/les, Lnnes, Flueurs, Affaires, Fpoq\ies, Ordi-
naires. Purgations, Fleiirs, Jlenstrues, The san-
guineous evacuation from the uterus. Sanguis
menstrnus, Mcn'strunl Blood, the monthly occur-
rence of which constitutes menstruation or monthly
illness. The first appearance of the menses —
menophu'nia — is usually preceded by the dis-
charge of a fluid whitish matter from the vagina:
by nervous excitement, and by vague pains and
heaviness in the loins and thighs; numbness of
the limbs, tumefaction and hardness of the
breasts, <&c. More or less indisposition and irri-
tability also precede each successive recurrence
of the menstrual Jlujc. In temperate climates,
each period, men'strual period, perindns luna'ris,
ordinarily continues from three to six days; and
the quantity lost varies from four to eight ounces.
The menses continue to flow from the period of
puberty till the age of 45 or 50. At the term of
its natural cessation, Menolip'sis, 3lenespnusie
(Gardanne), Menopau'sis, the flux becomes irre-
gular; and this irregularity is occasionally ac-
companied with symptoms of dropsy, glandular
tumours, <fcc., constituting the Parame'nia cessa-
tio'nis of Good, and what is called the critical
time or turn or change of life; 3'et it does not
appear that the mortality is increased by it.
With the immediate causes of menstruation we
are unacquainted. AVe express only pur igno-
rance, when we assert it to depend upon period-
icity ; the discharge comes from the vessels of
the uterus and vagina, and differs from ordinary
blood by its peculiar odour, and by its not coagu-
lating. It is evidently connected with the coji-
dition of the ovaries, and — it has been supposed
— with the periodical discharge of ova from them.
It is arrested, as a general principle, during preg-
nancy and lactation. In warm climates, women
usually begin to menstruate early, and cen.«e
sooner than iu the temperate regions. Th« quan-
MENSIUM RETENTIO
584
MENTHA
tity lost is also greater. In the colder regions,
the reverse of this holds as a general rule.
Dried menstrual blood, especially of a woman
in her first menstruation — Smu/nls vir'ffi'nin pri-
mioii iiiciixirua'tcB — was formerly given internally
as an anti-epileptic.
Mkn'sbs Albt, Leucorrhoea — m. Anomalae,
Paramenia — m. Devii, Menstruation, vicarious
— in. Dolorifici, Dysraenorrhoea — m. Retention
of the, see Amenorrhoea — m. Suppression of the,
Amenorrhoea.
MEXSIUM RETENTIO, see Amenorrhoea.
MEXSTRUA, Menses — m. Alba, Leucorrhoea
— m. Difficilia, Dysiuenorrhoea — m. Dolorosa,
Dysmenorrhcea — m. Iiuinodica, Menorrhagia —
m. Superflua, Menorrhagia.
MENSTRUAL, Catamenial — m. Flux, Menses
— in. Period, see Menses.
MENSTRUANT, Men'sfninun, Metistnia'tHS,
from menstrua, 'the catamenia.' One subject to
the catamenia.
MENSTRUATIO ANOMALA, Paramenia —
m. Difficilis, Dysraenorrhoea — -m. Dolorifica, Dys-
iuenorrhoea— m. Impedita, see Amenorrhoea — m.
Per insolitas Vias, Menstruation, vicarious.
Mbnstruatio Pu^cox, Premature menstrua-
tion. Menstruation occurring before the usual
age or time.
Mrnstrua'tio Rbcidi'va. Menstruation, when
protracted beyond the usual age.
Mknstuuatio Retenta, Amenorrhoea, Para-
nieniii — m. Siippressa, Amenorrhoea, Paramenia.
MENSTRUA'TION, Menstnin'do, Chromxjun'-
en, Menorrhmj" iu, Fluxus menstrua' lis. The flow
of the menses.
MKNSTR UA TION DIFFICILE, Dysraenor-
rhoea— m. Difficult, Dysiuenorrhoea — m. Labo-
rious, Dysraenorrhoea — in. Premature, Menstru-
ati') pra'cox — in. Profuse, Menorrhagia.
Mknsthuatiox, Vica'rious, is that which oc-
curs from other parts than the uterus. It is
called Parame'nia erro'n's, 3feiinrrhiiy"{n erro'-
iiea, Jlciisinm per alie'na locn excre'tio, M. de'vil,
Aberra'tio men'sium seu meiixtriio'nim, 3Ie>wtruii'-
ti'o per insol'itas ri'as, Ilcsntatnpla'nia seu HcBmo-
phi'nia menatrnn'Ks, 3Iei>i>phx' iiln, (F.) Deviation
(lea Ilet/ies, Her/fen deciees. At times, the se-
creted fluid has all the characters of the men-
strual secretion; at others, it appears to be mere
blond.
MENSTRUATUS, Menstruant.
MENSTR UEL, Catamenial.
JIEXSTJi f/ES. Menses.
MEN'STRUOUS, Catamenial. Also, one af-
fected with the menses or ciitainenla.
MEN'STRUUM, (F.) 3feu>:true. Same ety-
mon;— the menstruum being, of old, usually con-
tinued in action for a mouth. The monthly dis-
charge of the female. The plural, menstrua, is
HOW, however, always used for the menses. The
name was formerly given to every substance
which possesses the property of dissolving others
slowly and with the aid of heat. At present, it
is used synonymously with solvent. Thus —
water, alcohol, ether, acids, oils, &c., are men-
strua.
Menstrdum Arm, Nitro-muriatic acid — m.
Yentriculi, (iastric juice.
MENSU'RA MED'ICA. A measure of 48
ounces.
MENSURA'TION, Meta'tio, from mensxira,
'measure.' 3Iea8ttremeut, 3Icdical meai'itriuf/.
One of the means used for exploring the state of
the thoracic and other cavities. It consists in a
comparative measurement of each side of the
chest, by means of a riband extended from the
median line of the sternum to the spine. When
effusion exists on one side, the measurement is
usually greater than on the ether. When, on the
other hand, a portion of a lung has ceased, for
some time, to exert its respiratory functiun.i, the
corresponding side of the chest becomes smaller,
in consequence of the contraction of the pleura,
retraction of the pulmonary tissue, and greater
approximation of the ribs.
MENTA, Mentha, Penis.
MENTAGRA, Mentuhigra, Sycosis — m. In-
fantum, Porrigo lupiiiosa.
MEN'TACJRAPIIYTE, Mcn'tagrophyie, 3IS.
cros' poron mentayropli' ytes, from inentinjra, nnd
(pvTov, 'a plant.' A name proposed by M. Gruby,
of Vienna, for a cryptogamous plant, which he
considers to produce mentagra.
MENTAL, J/e»^(7/»f, from mens, mentis, 'mind;'
belonging or relating to the mind, as vuntal phe~
nom'enn, mentrd diseases [3forhi menta'/es), &c.
In Anatomy, Mental, 3Ienia'li8, (F.) 3feiilnn.
nier, signifies that which relates to the chin;
from mentiim, 'the chin.'
Mental Au'teky, (F.) Artere mentonniire.
This is given off by the inferior dental, and issues
at the mental foramen to be distributed on the
lower lip.
Mental Fora'men, (F.) Trou mentonnier, An-
te'rior maxillnry F., is the outer orifice of the
inferior dental canal. It is situate on the outer
surface of the lower jaw-bone, opposite the second
incisor, or the canine tooth, and gives passage to
the vessels and nerves.
Mental Fossa, see Fossa, mental.
Mental Nerve, (P'.) A'e// »»e»(oHH/Vr, is fur-
nished by the inferior dental nerve. It issues by
the mental foramen, and is distributed, in nume-
rous filaments, to the muscles of the lower lip.
Mental Region, Re'yio menta'lis. The region
of the chin.
MENTHA sou MENTA AQUAT'ICA, {,itvBn,
ftivda, i/ivdoi, 'mint.') 31. paliis'tris seu hirsu'lu
seu rotundifo'lia pahis'tris, 31enthas'trHm, Sisym'-
briiim menthastrnui, Bal'samiis paliis'tris. Water-
mint, (F.) 3Ienthe aqnatique, 31. roui/e. Nat,
Ord. LabiatiB. This is less agreoal)le than the
3Ieniha viridis, and more bilter and pungent. It
is used like spearmint.
Mentha Balsamea, M. piperita.
Mentha Capen'sis, which grows at the Cape
of Good Hope, possesses the medical properties
of the mints.
Mentha Cervi'nA, Hart's pennyroyal, Hyssop-
leaved mint, Pide'yium cervi'tiuiii, {¥.) 3/enthe
cervine. Possesses the properties of pennyroyal,
but is very unpleasant.
Mentha Citrata, Melissa.
Mentha Crispa, 31. hercyn'Ica, Colymhif'era
minor. Curled 3Iint, (F.) 3/enthe frissee ou cri-
pne, Banme d'ean d fcnilles ridees. Possesses
the properties of peppermint.
Mentha Gentilis, M. viridis — m. Hercynica,
M. crispa — in. Ilirsuta, M. Aquatica — in. Lasvi-
gata, M. viridis — m. Officinalis, M. piperita — m.
Palustris, M. Aquatica.
Mentha Pu'ehi'ta, 31. Piperi'tis seu offieina'-
lis seu hahame'a, Pep>perniint, (F.) Slenthe pni-
vree. The o<lour of this variety is strong and
agreeable. Taste, pungent, aromatic, and pro-
ducing a sensation of coldness in the mouth.
Virtues depend upon essential oil and camphor.
It is stomachic and carminative. It is chieOy
used in the form of essential oil — the oleum meit-
the, piperitcR.
Essenee of Peppermint consists of ol. menlhte
pip. ^ij, sp. vin. recti/, coloured with Kpiwich
leaves, Oij. See Tinctura olei mentlia; piperitae.
Mentha Pi'le'giu.m, Pnleijinm, P. reya'li sea
latifo'lium, Glechon, Pennyroyal, Puddin;/ (jrass,
fProV.) Ililwort, Lnrkey-'dish, Organ, (F.) Po»-
Hot. The oil — O'leum pnle'ijii — possesses the
Virtues of the giant. It resembles the mints in
MENTIIASTRUM
58 5 MERCURII CALX VITRIOLATA
general in properties. Amongst the vulpnr, it is
esteeiiieil iin einniftna^ocrue. Aqua Pulkgii,
A'/i"< Mfulhw piile'rjii, Peiiuyrrii/nl, Water, is offi-
cinal in tin; Edinburgh and Dublin Pharmaco-
pa-ias.
Mkntiia Komava, Balsamita suavcolens, Ta-
nncctiiin balsamita — m. Rotnndifolia palustris,
M. ai|iiiiti("i — in. Sjiracenica, Balsamita suaveo-
Ic'ii!!, 'I'MiiiH'i'tiiin balsamita — m. Sativa, M. viridis
— in. Spicata, M. viridis.
Mknt!!a Viit'inis, 3f. Suti'rn sen vnlga'ris seu
(jmli'l'iH seu s/n'ca'tn seu Icevign'ta, Spenrmiut,
(F.) Meiithe sai(vnr/e on verte ou des jrirdhis,
Jliiimie ildH jiinliiis. Odour strong, aromatic;
taste warm, austere, bitterish. Virtues the same
as thiiso of the peppermint. The Oleum menthce
viridis is olitained from it.
Mkntiia Vii.oAnis, M. viridis.
MK.VTIIASTKUM, Mentlia aquatiea.
MEM'in: AQIIATIQUE, Mentha aquatiea
— wj. Cervine, Mentha cervina — m. Cuq, Tana-
cetuni balsamita — m. Crepue, Mentha crisfia —
m. Friim'e, Mentha crispa — m. des Jardins, Men-
tha viridis — 111. /'oirri-e, Mentha piperita — m.
JioiiKiiiic, Ralsamita suavcolens — m. lioiif/e, Men-
tha acpiatiea — m. Saiivar/e, Mentha viridis — m.
Verle. Mfiitha viridis.
MBXTFliO, Porrigo larvalis. Sycosis.
JlttJXT/SMn, from mens, mentis, ^mnd.' Any
irregular movement of the mind, whether from
emotion or a vivid imagination. — Baumes.
MKNTOBICORNEUS, Geniohyoides.
MEXTO-LABIAL, .Ueuto-labin'Hs, from jnen-
liim, 'the cliin,' and lithium, 'a lip.' Under this
name Cliaussier lias united the Levator labii in-
ferioris, and Quadratus muscles. See Depressor
lal)ii inferioris.
Mknto-IjABial Furrow: a transverse depres-
sion situate between the lower lip and the chin,
which is remarkable for the perpendicular direc-
tion of the hairs growing upon it.
MESTOX. Alentuin.
JI/EXTOXXIEIi, Mental— m. Lalicd, Depres-
sor laliii inferioris.
ili:XTOXXIERE, see Funda.
MKNTUL.'V, Penis — ni. Muliebris, Cercosis,
Clitoris — ni. Parva, Pipinna.
JIKN'TUl.AGRA, Men'tnfjm. A hybrid word,
from menliihi, 'the penis,' and «ypa, 'a seizure.'
A convulsive ere^'tion of the mentula or penis;
eu('h as is said to be sometimes observed in eu-
nuchs. See Pudendagra.
M IvNTULATUS, Membrosns.
MKXTUM, Genei'oi), Oeiii'nm, Antlic'renn,
'the cliin.' {V.) Meutaii. The inferior and mid-
dle part of tlie face, situate below the lower lip.
The chin is formed of skin, areolar tissue, mus-
cles, vessels, nerves, and the os maxillare infe-
rius.
MEXYAN'TIIES TRIFOLTA'TA, ITenycn'-
thes, .Uiiii/nii'llieK, from firjv, 'a month,' and av&oi,
'a flower,' because it keeps in flower about a
month [?]. Trifii'liiim pnliido'siim seu nqunt'icitm
seu pidiis'tre seu fihri'nnm, Water trefiiil, Biick-
heitn, Iloi/beaii. sVnt. Ord. GentianacciB. (F.)
Trifle d'eiin ou den Miirnis ou de Cnstnr. The
taste is intensely bitter, ami is extracted by water.
It is tonic, nnthelmintic, diuretic, cathartic, and,
in large doses, emetic. In some countries, it is
used as a substitute for hops in making beer.
Mknvan'thks Vern'A, Amerivini buekbean,
Miirsh trefiiil. Water aliainrock, Bitter root, has
similar properties.
Ml';0>;rs, Melosis.
MKIMIITTO, Mephit'leuK, (F.) Mfphitiqne ;
from a Syriae word, signifying 'to blow, to
breathe.' Any thing possessed of an unwhole-
8ome property; chiefly applied to exhalations.
Mephitic Acid, Carbonic acid — m. Air, Car-
bonic acid.
MEPHITIS, see l^fephitism — m. Ilepatica,
Hydrogen, sulphuretted — m. Inliainmabilis, Hy-
drogen— m. llrinosa, Ammonia.
MEPH'ITISM, Mejihitism'ua, (F.) 3fephiti8me.
Same etymon. Any pernicious exhalation. 3/e-
plii'tis and Ifophe'ta, (P.) Jfofette ou 3fovfette,
are old names for azote; and, in general, for all
exhalations and gases that are unfit for respi-
ration.
MERACUS, Merus.
MERAMAUROSIS, Hypamaurosis.
MERANiESTHE'SIS, MeraneBxthc'sia, from
fitpoi, 'a part,' av, 'privative,' and aiadtiai;, 'sen-
sation.' Insensibility of a part of the body.
MERATROPH'IA, from /xipos, 'a part,' and
arpoi/iifi, ' want of nourishment.' Atrophy of some
part of the body.
MEliCURE, Hj'drargyrum — m. Biclilornre de,
Hydrargyri oxymurias — m. Biiodure de, Hydrar-
gyri iodidum rubrum — m. Bromureg de, see Bro-
mine— m. Ciirallin, Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum — ■
m. avec la Craie, Hydrargj'rum cum creta — m.
Cm, Hydrargyrum — m. Ci/auure de, Hydrargyri
cyanuretum — ni. Dciitiodiire de, Hydrargyri iodi-
dum rubrum — m. Detito-chloriire de, Hydrargyri
oxymurias — m. Doiix, Hydrargyri subraurias — •
m. Gommeux de Plenek, Syrupus de mereurio me-
diante guinmi — m. Muriate oxyijene de, Hydrar-
gyri oxymurias — m. Oxide de, cendri, Hydrar-
gyri oxyduin cinereum — m. Oxide gris de, Hy-
drargyri oxydum cinereum— ?«. Oxide nitrique
lie, Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum — m. Oxide noir
de, Hydrargyri oxyduin cinereum — m. Oxide
roiir/e de, Hydrargyri oxydum rubrum — m. Peri-
iodure de, Hydrargyri iodidum rubrum — m. I'ro-
tiadure de, Hydrargyri iodidum — m. Protochlo-
riire de, Hydrargyri submurias — m. Protoxide de,
Hydrargyri oxyduin cinereum — m. Sous-muriate
lie, precipite. Hydrargyrum praecipitatum — m.
Soua-aulfate de, Ilydrargj'rus vitriolatus — m.
Siilpliiire de, noir, Hydrargyri sulphuretum ni-
grum— m. Siiljihnre de, rouije, Hydrargyri sul-
phuretum rubrum.
MERCU'RIAL, Merevria'lis, (F.) Ifercuriel ;
from mercurius, ' mercury.' That which contains
or relates to mercury. A preparation of mer-
cury— Hydrari/i/r'iciiiii, Uydraryi/r'ium.
Mkucukial EiiKTHiSM, see Erethism — m.Rash,
Eczema inercuriale.
MERCCli/ALE ANNUELLE, Mercurialis—
m.des /i<;i'x,Mcrcurialisperennis — m.deCliieii,^leT-
curialis perennis — m. Viraee, Mercurialis percnnis.
MERCURIA'LIS, Mereuria'lis an'mm, French
merciirij, (F.) Merenriale annuelle, Foirole, liam-
berije, Viij noble ; Class, Dicecia; Order, Ennean-
dria. It has been esteemed cathartic, hypnotic
and cosmetic, and has been chiefly used by way
of lavement. See Chenopodium Bonus Ilenricus.
MeuCURIAMS Hi'MOR, Humor melanehol'icug.
A supposititious humour with the older physi-
cians, out of which they presumed that morbi
melanchol'ici seu mercuria'les arose.
Mercurialis Perkn'nis, Cynocram'be, Cani'na
bras'sira, Jf. monta' na, M. Si/lres'lris, Doij's iiier-
ciiry, (F.) Merouriale vivace, M. de cliien, M. des
hois. This plant is possessed of acro-narcotio
properties.
MERCTTRIALISMUS, Hydrargvriasis.
MERCU'RIALIST, Mercurialis' ta, from mer-
curius, ' mercury.' One inordinately addicted to
prescribing iiiercurv.
MERCURIALIZA'TION. Same etymon. The
state of being affected by mercury. One under
the influence of mercury is said to be mercu-
MERCURII CALX VITRIOLATA, Jlydrar-
gyrus vitriolatus — m. Deuto-ioduretum, llydrar-
MERCURIUS
586
MERORRHEXIS
gyri iodidura rubrum — in. Proto-ioduretum, Ily-
drargyri iofliiluin — in. Spertna, Ilydrargyrus ace-
tatus — in. Terra foliata, Hydrargyrus acetatus.
MERCURIUS, Hydrargyrum — ni. Acetiitus,
Hydrargyrus acetatus — m. Alkalisatus, Hydrar-
gyrum cum creta — m. Calcinatu.s, Ilydrargyri
oxydum rubrum — in. Causticus flavus, Hydrargy-
rus vitriolatus — m. Cinereus, Hydrargyri oxydum
cinereum — m. Cinnabarinus, Hydrargyri sulphu-
retuin rubrum — m. Corallinu.';, Hydrargyri nitri-
co-oxyduin — m. Corrosivus, Hydrargyri o.Nymu-
rias — m. Corrosivus ruber, Hydrargyri nitrico-
oxydum — m. Corrosivus sublimatus, Hydrargyri
oxymurias — m. Cosmeticus, Hydrargyrum prae-
cipitatum — m. Dulcis, Hydrargyri submurias —
m. Emetieus flavus, Hydrargyrus vitriolatus —
m. Gummosus Plenckii, Syrupus de mercurio
mediante guinmi — m. Luteiis, Hydrfirgyrus vitri-
olatus— m. Mortis, Algaroth — m. Niger Moseati,
Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum — in. Nitrosus
calide paratus. see Hydrargyri nitras — m. Nitro-
sus frigore paratus, Hydrargyri nitras — m. Prse-
cipitatus corrosivus, Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum
— m. Pi-secipitatus niger, Hydrargyri oxydum
cinereum — m. Saccharatus, Hydrargyrum sac-
cbaratum — m. Solubilis of Hahnemann, see
Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum — m. Sublimatus
dulcis, ilydrargyri submurias — m. cum Sul-
phure, Hydrargyri sulphuretum nigrum — m.
Terrestris, Polygonum Hydrojjiper — m. Yiloe,
Algaroth — m. Zoticus Hartmanni, Hydrargyri
submurias.
MERCURY, Hydrargyrum — m. Acetate of,
Ilydrargyrus acetatus — m. Acid nitrate of, see
Hydrargyri nitras — in. Ammoniatcd, Hydrargy-
rum prajcipitatum — m. Ammonio-chloride of.
Hydrargyrum praecipitatum — m. Bichloride of,
Ilydrargyri oxymurias — m. Biniodide of, Hy-
drargyri iodidum rubrum, see Iodine — m. Bisul-
phuret of, Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum — m.
Bromide of, see Bromine.
Meiicuiiy wiru Chalk, Hydrargyrum cum
creta.
Mercury, Chloride op, Milp, Hydrargyri
submurias — m. Coini)Ound cerate of, Ceratum
Hydrargyri compositum — m. Cyanuret of, Hy-
drargyri cyannrctum — m. Deuto-iodide of, see
Iodine — m. Dog's, Mercurialis perennis — m.
English, Chenopodium bonus Henricus — m.
French, Mercurial — m. Iodide of, Hydrargyri
Iodidum — m. Iodide of, red, Ilydrargyri Iodi-
dum rubrum.
Mercury, Iodide of Chloride of, lod'idum
Hydfdr'fjjjri chlo'ridi, Hi/dr{fr'(f>/rnm iodn'tnm
cum chJorido mercn'rii, (F.) lodlii/drargifrite de
chlorure mercureu.r. Made by the reaction of
iodine on mild (.■liloride of mercury. Two iodides
may be prepared — the iodide and the hiuiodide.
Both are violent irritants : the biniodide, espe-
cially, is a powerful caustic. Both have been
given in scrofula. The biniodide is only used
externally like nitrate of silver in scrofulous
and certain syphilitic ulcerations. An ointment
of the iodide (gr. xv ad adipis ^ij) is rubbed on
scrofulous tumefactions.
Mercury, Iodo-Arsenite of, Arsenic and
Mercury, iodide of — m. Muriate of, corrosive, Hy-
drargyri oxymurias — m. Muriate of, mild, Hy-
drargyri submurias — ra. Nitrate of, Ilydrargyri
nitras — m. Nitric oxyd of, Ilydrargyri nitrico-
oxydum — m. Oxide of, black or gray, Hydrar-
gyri oxydum 'cinereum — m. Oxide of, red, Hy-
drargyri oxydum rubrum — m. Oxymuriate of,
Hydrargyri oxymurias — m. Periodide of, Hy-
drargyri iodidum rubrum — m. Phosphuretted,
Hvdrargyrus phosphorntns — m. Precipitate of,
white, Hydrargyrum praecipitntum — ra. Proto-
chloride of, Hy<bargyri submurias — m. Protoio-
dide of, see Hydrargyri iodidum, and lodiae— m.
Prussinte of, Hydrargyri cyannrctum — m. Solu-
ble, Ilydrargyri nitras — m. Subchloridc of. Hy.
drargyri submurias — m. Submurinte of, Ilydrar-
gyri submurias — m. Sulphuret of, black, Ilydrnr.
gyri sulpburotum nigrum — m. Sulphuret of, ri'd,
Hydrargyri sul|)huretum rebruin. Realgar — in.
Sulphuret of, with Siilpliur, Hydrargyri Siilplm-
retum nigrum — m. Superiiitrate of, SulLiiiun of,
see Hydrargyri nitras — m. Tartrate of. Kyilnirgyri
tartras — m. Three-seeded, Acalypha Virginira!
Mkhcury and Arsenic. Iodide of, Arsonio
and Mercury, Iodide of — in. and Quiiiiii. J'rolo.
chloride of, Ilydrargyri et Quiiiiic Prutuchlori-
duin.
MERDA, Excrement.
MERDIVOMUS, Copremctu.«!.
MERDUS, Excrement
MERE DES PJANS, Pian - m. de Sci<jle,
Ergot.
MEREMPHRAX'IS, from fiipoi, 'a part,' and
tjiippa^ii, ' obstruction.' Obstruction or infarction
of an organ.
MERICUS. Local.
MERIDRO'SIS, Sudor partio'ilx s^on locn'liK ;
ixnm fitfioq, 'a part,' and 'lijiuiGH, 'sweating.' A
partial perspiration.
MERTMNA. Cura.
MERIMNE, Cura.
MEIifSrPJIi, Prunus avium.
MERISMOPGEDIA VENTRICULI, Sarcina
ventriouli.
MEROBALANEUM, Bath, partial.
MEROBALNEUM, Bath, partial.
MEROCE'LE, Miroee'le, Merori.r'i«, Mernr-
rhex'is, from jjnpoi, ' the thigh,' and K)i\r), ' tumour ;'
Hernia crura' I in seu feniora'iis, Fein'or(d or erurul
hernia, (F.) Hernie crurale ou feniorale. In this
hernia, the viscera issue from the abdomen
through the crural canal; or through an opening
immediately on the outer side of Oinihernnt's
ligament, which gives passage to Ij'inphatic ves-
sels. This afCection is more frequent in the female
than in the male, and especially in those wlio
have had children. The tumour, formed hy
merocele. is generally small, rcuind, and more or
less difficult of reduction. In other respects, it
possesses all the characters of hernia. The neck
of the sac has, close on the outside, the epigastric
artery ; above, the spermatic cord and spennntio
artery in the male — the round ligament in the
female; on the inside. Giinbernal's ligaiiicnt;
and below, the pubes. When the obturiitor iirlery
arises from the epigastric, it generally passes on
the outside of and below the orifice of the sne;
sometimes, however, it takes a turn above, and
then to the inside of the opening. J. Cloquet
asserts, that of 1.34 cases, in one only did he find
the epigastric artery on the inside of the orifice
of the sac.
The operation, required in strangulation of this
variety, may be practised on the aponenrcilic
opening, by cutting downwards and inwards on
the side of Giinbernat's ligament.
MEROCOXALGIA, Coxalgia.
MEROL'OGY. Jferolor/'ia, (F.) M^rnlnf,i«,
from iiipof, 'apart,' and Aoyof, 'a discourse.' 'Hie
branch of anatomy, which treats of the elementary
constituents of the tissues and humours of the
organism. — Robin and Verdeil.
MERO'PIA, from ^ffioj, 'a part,' and c^is,
'vision.' A partial obscurity of vision.
MERORIXIS, Merocele.
MERORRHEU'MA, Nheumatix'mun pnrlin'Vt
seu loen'lis seu Memhro'rum nint/ulo'runi ; frmn
/ifpos, 'a part,' and ficvfjia, ' defluxion, rheumatism.
Rheumatism affecting a part. Topical or local
rheumatism.
MERORRHEXIS, Merocele.
MEROS
587
MESENTERY
MRRO?!, Fomnr, Thigh.
MKKKY-ANDREW. An itinerant quack, who
C![))i>.st!s lii.s nostrums for siile nt f'iiirs and mar-
kets. See CiiARi.ATAV. — So called from Dr. An-
drew Boiirdu, wJio lived in the reigns of Henry
VIII., Edward VT., and Queen Mary, and who
was in the habit of frei|ucnting fairs and markets,
at which he liarangucd the populace.
MKRTEN'SIA VIRGIN'ICA, Pnlmova'ria
Yirijlii' icn, Vii(/in'i<in Cowilip, Siiiootk Liinr/-
wml ; iniligenou.s. Family, lioraginaceae. The
plant is mucilaginous, and may be used as a de-
limleent.
MKRULIUS, Morchella Esculenta — m. Auri-
cula, I'c/.iza auricula.
MURUS, J/era'cH*, yl'crn/os, ' pure, genuine;'
as VhiKiii tiienini, unmixed wine.
Mkiu'S, Femur, Thigh.
MERVIXE, MALE, Cypripedium luteum.
MERYCISMUS, Rumination.
JIlERyC'OLE, see Rumination.
MERYCOL()(J"IA, from iitipvKaa>, ' I ruminate,'
and Xiiyof, 'a <lescription.' Any work on rumi-
nation may be so termed.
MERYPERTROPIITA, from ixrpo,;, < a. part,'
and hi/itci-irophia, ' supernutrition.' Hypertrophy
of a part.
MESA, Oenital orgatis.
M ES A R M V M, Mesen f cry,
MESA K Arc, Mesenteric.
MKSEMAR. Mismar.
MESEM15KYANTIIEMUM COPTICUM, see
Soiia.
MKSKMniiYAN'TnRMnw Crystal'mnum, ]I/.
firiii'dfH (licarnfiptato, ' to do at noon,' because its
flowers e.xpand at midday.) n;'<nii'»irf fig-mnry.
gohl, Ice-plant, (F.) Ghtdale, CryxtnUiiie. A\,t.
Old. Ficoidete: a plant common in the neigh-
bourhood of Cape Town. It has been recom-
mended in dysuria, ischuria, and some other
alteetions of the urinary organs.
MKSKMBHVANTirKMUM Edu'le, and M. nchin-
ci/ornie, South African plants, are much used as
domestic remedies at the Cape. The expressed
juice of the leaves acts as an astringent in dy-
sentery, and as a mild diuretic. It is also used
as an antiseptic gargle in malignant sore throat,
violent salivation and aphthae, and as a lotion to
burns and scalds.
MusKMBRVAN'THRMrM ToRTUo'.siTM, also a
South African plant, is said to possess narcotic
properties.
MESENCEPHALE, Medulla oblongata, Pons
Varolii.
MES'ENTERIC, Menarn'ic. Mcseiiter'icus, 3fe.
tara'i'cita, Memra' Icim, (F.) Mei^ent^rique, Mexn-
rii'iijiie ; from iieacvTcptov, or iitanfintov, 'the
mesentery.' That which relates or belongs to
the mesentery.
Mesenteric Arteries are two in number, and
distinguished into. 1. The Superior mesenteric,
which arises from the anterior part of the abdo-
minal aorta, below the cneliac. It immediately
descends to the left, forwards, behind the pan-
creas, and in front of the third portion of the
duodenum, — to gain the superior extremity of the
mesentery, where it makes a long curvature, the
convexity of which is turned forwards and to the
left. Towards the termination of the ileum, it
ends by anastomosing with a branch of the A.
co/ica ({extra inferior. At its concavity, it gives
off the three Arlerim cn/iea- dextrtp, which belong
to the great intestine; and, at its convexity, it
sends otT fifteen or twenty branches, which are
distributed to the small intestine, after having
formed numerous arches by their anastomoses.
2. The Inferior JUxenterir Artery arises from
the anterior part of the abdominal aorta, an inch
and a half before its termination. It descends,
on the left side, behind the peritoneum; engages
itself in the substance of the iliac mesocolon,
forming a considerable curvature, whose con-
vexity faces the left side. When it reaches the
brim of the pelvis, it passes along the posterior
separation of the mesorectum, and attains the
neighbourhood of the anus, under the name Su-
perior hemorrhoidal artery. It gives off no branch
at its concave part; but, from the convex, the
three Arterim coIIccb sinistra arise.
Mesenteric Disease, Tabes mcsenterica.
Mesenteric Glands are the lymphatic gan-
glions of the mesentery. Tlirough them, the
chyliferous vessels pass to the thoracic duet.
Their uses are unknown. AVhen diseased, nutri-
tion is interfered with, and atrophy produced.
Mesenteric Hernia. If one of the layers of
the mesentery be torn by a blow, whilst the other
remains in its natural state, the intestines may
insinuate themselves into the aperture, and form
a kind of hernia. It is not known during life.
Mesenteric Plexuses are furnished by the
solar plexus, and have been distinguished into
miperior nnd inferior ; like the mesenteric arte-
ries which they accompany.
Mesenteric or Mesaraic Veins are two in
number, and belong to the vena porta. They
are distinguished into, 1. The Snperior mexcnferJc
or mesaraic or ffreat mesaraic. This trunk re-
ceives, from above to below and on the right side,
the three fencB co/irai dejrtree and the Gastro-
epiphiica dextra. Into its left side, the veins of
the small intestine open. It passes in front of
the transverse portion of the duodenum; and,
behind the pancreas, unites with the splenic vein
to concur in the formation of the vena porta.
The inferior or lesser mesenteric vein corre-
sponds to the artery of the same name, and
opens into the splenic, near the union of that
vein with the superior mesenteric, and behind the
pancreas.
JIESEXTERIQ UE, Mesenteric.
MESENTERIITIS, Mesenteritis.
MESENTERI'TIS, Mesenterii'lis, Enipres'mn
peritoni'tis mesenter'ica, Enteri'tis meaenter'ien,
Inflnmma'tion of the mesentery ; from iitaivrtpiov,
'mesentery,' and itis, denoting inflammation.
The pain is here deeper seated and more imme-
diately in the mesenteric region. The external
tenderness is less than in some of the other
varieties of peritonitis.
MESENTERIUM, Mesentery — m. Crassum,
Mesocolon.
MESENTERON, Mesentery.
MESENTEROPHTHISIS, Tabes mesenteries.
MES'ENTERY, Mesenter'inm, Mesarai'on,
3fcsarcB'uni, Media'nnm, jifembra'na pint/iiis in-
testino'rum, Lactes, Mesen'teron, Sfeserep.'nm, Ne-
sorcs'iim, Medium intesti'num, Epichor'dis ; from
fitaoi. 'in the middle,' and cvrcpov, 'intestine.'
(F.) Mesentere. A term in anatomy, apyilicd to
several duplicatures of the peritoneum, which
maintain the different portions of the intestinal
canal in their respective situations; allowing,
however, more or less motion. They are
formed of two laminne, between which are con-
tained the corresponding portion of intestine and
the vessels that pass to it. One only of these
duplicatures has received the name mesentery,
properly so called. This belongs to the small
intestine, which it suspends and retains in situ.
Its posterior margin, which is the smallest, is
straight, and descends obliquely from the left
side of the body of the second lumbar vertebra
to the right iliac fossa. Its anterior margin is
curved, undulating, plaited, and corresponds to
the whole length of the small intestine. The
mesentery contains, between the two laminse
MESERA
588
MESPILUS
•which form it, a number of lympliatic ganglions ;
the trunks and branches of the mesenteric ves-
sels ; the nervous plexuses accompanyiug them,
and manv lacteals and lymphatics.
JIESEKA. Tutia.
MHSEH/EUM, Mesentery. *
MESERAION, Mesentery.
ME'SIAL, from fitaoi, 'in the middle.' Re-
lating or appertaining to the middle.
Mksial Plane, an imaginary plane, dividing
the head, neck, and trunlt into similar halves,
towards right and left. Every aspect towards
this plane is mesial; and every aspect towards
right or left is lateral ; every lateral aspect being
dextrnl ar niiiinfral.
MESIAMUM, Anieeton.
MEvSMER'IC, Mesmer'icus ; from Anthony
Mesmer, the great promulgator of animal magnet-
ism. Relating to mesmerism or animal magnet-
ism : — as the ' mesmeric state,' ' mesmeric sleep,'
<tc. &c.
MESMERISM, Magnetism, animal.
MES'MERIST. A practiser of, or believer in,
mesmerism.
MESMERIZA'TION', 3rag»rt!za'tion. The act
of mesmerizing. The state of being mesmerized.
MES'MERIZED, Me^merizn'tns, 3Iaq'netizcd.
Affected with mesmerism or animal magnetism.
When the person is in a state of ' magnetic sleep,'
lie is said to be In/p'notlzed.
MES'MERIZER, Animal 3Tagnefi'zer, Mag-
neti'zer. One who pr.Tctises mesmerism.
MESMERO-PHREXOLOGY,Phreno-magnet-
ism.
MESO, ;j£(To;, 'in the middle.' A prefix to
certain words.
MESOBREOMATE, see Cranium.
MESOCJE'CUM, {nie^o and ctBcntn). A name
given to a duplicature of the peritoneum, (in
some persons only,) at the posterior part of the
caecum.
MESOCEPHALE, Medulla oblongata. Pons
Varolii.
MESOCHON'DRIAC, iTeaochondri'acus ; from
menn, and -xovijioi, ' cartilage.' A name given by
Boerhaave to fleshy fibres situate between the
cartilaginous rings of the trachea.
MESOCOL'IC, Mcsoco'licuH. Same etymon
as the next. Belonging or relating to the meso-
colon.
MESOCO'LON, Mesoco'him, Mesenfer'iitni cras-
snin, from meao, and kuXov, ' the colon.' A name
given to the duplicatures of the peritoneum,
vhieh fix the different parts of the colon to the
abdominal parietes. It has received different
names, according to its situation. The ritjht
Inmbnr mesocolon fixes the ascending colon to the
corresponding lumbar region. The ti-nnKvei-se
wesocolon arises from the concave arch of the
colon, and forms a septum between the epigastric
and umbilical regions. Its inferior portion is
continuous with the mesentery. The left lumbar
mesocolon, which contains the ascending colon, is
continuous below with the Iliac mesocolon. The
last includes between its layers the sigmoid flex-
ure of the colon, and ends in the mesorectum.
Under the right kidney, it is narrow and firm,
and forms the rifjlil lir/'amrnf of the colon: at the
under end of the left kidney, it forms the left
liq'nment nf the colon.
'MESOCRANIUM, Sinciput.
MESOrRANUM, Sinciput.
MESODERMUM. Corpus mueosum.
MESODME. Mediastinum.
MESODMI'TrS, fromf/£(To^,.,, (^tirof, 'middle,'
and bofxoi, 'a building.') 'the mediastinum,' and
itis, 'inflammation.' MesotcBchi'tis, Mediastini'tis,
Infnmma'tio mediasti'iii. Inflammation of the
mediastinum.
MESOftPIDID'YMTS, from iicao{, 'middle,'
and £iri^(5u/ii{, ' epididymis.' A double serous
fold, like the mesocolon, formed by the tunica
vaginalis passing from the boily of the epididy-
mis, and uniting it to the testicle.
MESOGASTRIUM. Umbilical region.
MKSOGASTRir.M Mi-|,i.Eui. A portion of mesen-
tery, which passes from the vertebral column to
the left curvature of the stomach.
MESOGLOSSUS, Genioglossus.
MESOGLOTTUS, Genioglossus.
MESOGONIUM, Internodium.
MESOLO'BAR. Belonging or relating to
the 3fesolohe or Corpus callo'snm.
Mesoi.obar AuTEniKS, Arte'rlm mesnloh'ico',
A. cor'poris callo'ei ccr'ebri, are the arteries of
the corpus callosum.
3fES0f,0nE, Corpus callosum.
MESOMER'IA, from meso, and itcpos, 'tho
thigh.' The parts of the body situate between
the tbishs nnd hips.
MESOMERION, Perinwum.
MESOMPIIALUM. Umbilicus.
MESOPIILEB'IUM, from mcao, and (p\txp, 'a
vein ;' Interve'niiim. The space between two
veins.
MESOPTI'RYON, Glabell'a, Gabel'la, Tntercil'.
ium, 3feto'piHn), Nasal eminence, from meso, and
oippva, 'the eyebrows.' The part between the
eyebrows.
MESOPLEURIUM, Intercostal space.
MESOPLEURIUS, Intercostal.
MES0R;EUM. Mesentery.
MESOR'CIIIUM, from mfso, and opx-is, 'a tes-
ticle.' A duplicature of the peritoneum, which
supports the testicle in its passage from the abdo-
men into the scrotum. — Seller.
MESORECTUM. A hybrid word : from mesn,
and rectum, 'the intestine rectum.' A triangiilnr
reflection, formed by the peritoneum, between the
posterior surface of the rectum and the anterior
surface of the sacrum. Between the two Inyera
of which the meso rectum is composed arc found
much areolar tissue, and the termination of the
inferior mesenteric vessels.
MESOS, Meso.
MESOSCEOCELE. Hernia, perineal.
MESOSCELON. Perinseum.
MESOSCELOPIIY'MA, from 3resoscelnn,(mesn,
and (7/c£Xof, 'leg,') 'perinaeum,' and ^i'/<a, ' swel-
lin<r.' A tumour of the perinjfum.
MESOTII'ENAR, from lAtcoi, and Scvap, 'the
thenar,' 'the palm of the hand.' A muscle,
which carries the thumb towards the palm.
Winslow applied the term to the abductor polli-
cis, united to the deep-seated portion of the flexor
brevis pollicis.
MEROT'ICA, from ^itffoj, 'middle.' Diseases
affecting the parenchyma. Pravity in the quan-
tity or quality of the intermediate or connecting
substance of organs ; without inflatnmntion, fever,
or other derangement of the general health. The
first Order, chiss Eccritica of Good.
MESOT(EOTnTTS, Mesodmitis.
MESOTffiCTTTUM. Mediastinum,
MESOTCECIIUM, Mediastinum.
MES'PIEUS, Mespilns Gernian'ica seu dotnei'-
tica. Old. Rosaccae. The medlar, (F.) Nejller.
The fruit (F.) NePe, nnd seeds of the medlar
have both been used medicinally : — the inimnture
fruit as an astringent, and the seeds in nephritic
diseases. See Crafaetrus Aria and Sorbus acuparia.
Meppit.iis Aria, Crat.negus aria — m. Domestica,
Mespilus, Sorbus domestica — m. Germanica, Mes-
pilns— m. Intermedia, Mespilus oxyacantha — m.
Laevigata, Mespilus oxyacantha.
Me<?PILT'S OxvacAN'thA, 3f. Oxyncnnt'hn'i'det
sen interme'dia seu lariga'tn, Oxyacantha, Spina
alba, While Hawthorn. (F.) Aubepine. The
MET A
589
METAMORPIIOPSIA
flowera of this uncommon European plank are
Bonietimcs usod in irifuiiion as a pectoral.
Mksi'ilus OxYACANTUoiUES, Mespilus oxya-
cantha.
MKTA, ^{ra, Mcth,' puB', 'with,' 'together
with,' 'after,' 'chanf^e of form and place.' A
common prefix to words. Hence:
MKTAU'ASrS, Tnm'KttHs, Metitb'ole, Meta-
bnl'iii, Miliil'huje, Metnllax'is, from )ii.Ta0aivu>,
(mi-to, and Latvia, • I go,') ' I digress.' A change
of remedy, practice, &u. — Hippocrates.
METAIiOLE, Metabasis, Transformation.
M E TA 15 0 L E L'OG Y, 3fet<ihoIelofj"{ti ; from
/icTajioXri, (nicla, and /JfjAXu),) 'change,' and Xoyo;,
'a description.' A description of the changes
which supervene in the course of a disease.
METABOLIA, Metabasis.
METABOIi'IC, Me.tdhol' icuK, from fttTajioXrj,
'chiingc.' Appertaining to change or transfor-
mation.
Mktabol'ic Force. Vis meiahol'ica. A term
employed by Schwann for the power possessed
by living cells of changing the character of the
substances brought in contact with them.
MKTACAR'PAL, Metocarp!a'n,ts, (F.) Meta-
cnrpien. From meta, and Kapno^, ' wrist.' Re-
lating or belonging to the metacarpus.
Metacaupai^ AltTRllY, Arte'rin dorsn'lis meta-
cnr'pi, arises from the radial, at the moment it
engages itself in the upper extremity of the ab-
ductor indicis. It descends obliquely upon the
back of the hand. Its branches are distributed
to the abductor indicis, and the integuments:
some communicate with the dorsalis carpi.
Mktacaui'al Auticula'tions are those by
which the last four metacarpal bones are united
together at their u|)per extremity.
Metacarpal Boxes, or bones which compose
the metacarpus, arc five in number; and distin-
guished into first, second, third, &o., beginning
from the outer or radial side. They are articu-
lated by their superior extremity with the bones
of the second range of the carpus; and by the
lower with the first phalanges.
Metacaupai, Lig'ament, Infe' rior palmar Lig' -
ament, is a fibrous band, stretched transversely
before the inferior extremities of the last four
metacarpal bones, which it keeps in their respec-
tive positions.
Metacarpal Phalan'ges are the first pha-
langes of the fingers ; so called, because they
are articulated with the bones of the metacarpus.
Metacarpal Ran(!E or row of the carpal
hones, (F.) Ilaugee nietacnrpieinie du cnrpe, is
the lower row of carpal bones ; so called because
they are articulated with the bones of the meta-
carpus. It is composed of the trapezium, trape-
loidcs, magnum, and unoiforme.
METACAllPEUS, Abductor metacarpi minimi
digiti.
MStACARPIEN, Metacarpal — m. du Petit
ffoigt, Opponens minimi digiti — hi. du Pouce, Op-
ponens pollicis.
METACARPTON, Metacarpus.
METACARPO-PHALANG^EUS POLLICIS,
Adductor pollicis nianus.
METACAR'PO-PHALAN'GIAN, Metacarjio-
phalaiiijia'iius, Metnciirpnp!i<d'ai)ij<il, (F.) Jlfeia-
carpo-plialdiKjien. That which belongs to the
metacarpus and phalanges.
Mbtacarpo-Piialvngiav or Mrtacakpo-Pha-
I.ancal .\uTiciL.VTioss are formed by the bones
of the metacarpus and the corresponding pha-
langes. In these articulations, the bony surfaces
are incrusted with cartilage, covered bj' a syno-
vial membrane, and kept in connexion by means
of an anterior and two lateral lig.tmcDts.
METACARPO-PIIALANGTEX LA TERAL
SUS-PALMAFRE,^ ET METACARPO-PHA-
LAXGIEN LATERAL, Interosseus manus.
METACAR'PUS, same etymon as Metacar-
pal. J/etacar'pion, Piislbrachiii'le, Pasteur' pium.
Tarsus maiius, (F.) Metacarpe. The part of the
hand comprised between the carpus and fingers.
It is composed of five parallel bones, called meta-
carpal; forming the back of the hand, externally,
and the palm internally.
METACERAS.MA, Cerasma.
METACHEIRIXIS, Surgery.
METACIIIRISIS, Surgery.
METACIIIRISMUS, Surgery,
METACHORESIS, Metastasis.
METACIIYSIS, Transfusion.
METACINEMA, Metastasis.
METACINESIS. Metastasis.
METACONDYLE, see Phalanx.
METACYE'SIS, from meta, and kv>j<tis, 'preg-
nancy ;' Gravid' itas extra-uteri' na secunda'ria.
Extra-uterine pregnancy in which the foetus is at
first in the uterus, but subsequently in some
other place.
METADERMATO'SIS, from meta, and oepyia,
' skin.' A morbid development of the epidermis
or epithelium.
METAGEN'ESIS, (F.) Metag^nlse, Altern'ate
genera' tion, from ^itra, and ytvtffcf, 'generation.'
A term, proposed by Professor Owen, to express
the changes of form, which one animal species
undergoes in a series of successively produced
individuals, extending from the one developed
from the ovum to that which becomes the imago
or last perfected individual. This term he em-
ploys in contradistinction to metamorphosis, which
he restricts to the changes of form undergone by
one and the same individual. See Generation,
alternate.
METAL, Metal'him. From neraWau), 'I seek
after.' A class of simple, combustible bodies ;
distinguished from others by considerable specific
gravity; a particular splendour; almost total
opacity; insolubility in water: and the property
they have of ringing when struck. Metals have
no effect, except of a mechanical nature, when
taken into the stoinach; unless they have already
undergone, or undergo in the stomach, oxidation
or union with an acid; when, at times, delete-
rious compounds may be formed. Copper cents ;
half-pence; quicksilver; lead, have frequently
been swallowed in the metallic state with im-
punity. Tin and mercury are the only metals
prescribed for a mechanical effect; the former as
an anthelmintic, — the latter, idly enough, in cases
of fancied intussusception.
jVETAL DES CLOCHES, Be\l-mcia\.
METALLAGE. Metabasis.
METALLAXIS, Metallage.
METALLIC VOICE, TIntement m^tallique.
METALLODYN'IA, from ^traWov, -a metal,'
and uivvrj, 'pain.' Pain owing to the injurious
influence of a metal — as lead, qni^'ksilver, <tc.
METALLUM, Metal — m. ILnemat' poeticum,
ferrum.
M E T A M 0 R P H OP'SIA. Phantnsmasrop'ia,
Pliautasmaloscop'ia, from jtirayiopiou), (lara and
nopipr], 'form,') 'I transform, and ot^k, 'vision.'
Sujf'u'sio, S. Oculo'rum sen metamorphop'sis seu
mi/o'des, Imagination (Maitre- Jean) ; Crupsia,
Mnrmar'yge, Marmor'yge, Mac' ulce ante oc'tilox
roHtau'tes, Marau'yia, Oc'uli marmari/go'des,
I'is'io phantas'matum, Visus defigura'tus. False
sight, (F.) BerJue. Aberration of the sense of
sight, which transmits the image of imaginary ob-
jects. This affection sometimes depends on a
slight opacity in the transparent parts of the eye ;
the cornea, crystalline, or vitreous humour, when
METAMORPHOSIS
500
METATHESIS
it is symptomatic and of no consequence. At
other times, it appears to be idiopatliic ; and oc-
curs particularly in tliose who have been in the
habit of constantly fixing their eyes on very
brilliant or small bodies. The objects fancied to
be seen are various. They are sometimes circu-
lar, perpetually moving; or shininir, or black spots,
cobwebs, insects, or pieces of wool — when they
are often termed Muxccb seu F/occi volitan'iea,
(F.) Mimches mlantes, and the condition Vimis
til usrn' 1-111)1, f^cotoin'ald, SiijfH'8io Jlfyo'des, ]ffi/iii-
dcop'v!<t, Jfi/indiip'sia, Mi/odenpsia, 3h/(ideiso'/>i<i,
ViHiis nntKca'riim. These appea ances sometimes
continue for a few days ; being dependent on the
state of the nerves of the individual at the time;
or they may exist for life, and ultimately impair
tlie sight. Certain of them charge their position,
and appear to be seated in the humours of the
eye, and — it has been supposed — in the vitreous
humour more especially: hence the term eiito-
liy'nliiid miiscm applied to them.
If the affection be symptomatic, it is of but
little moment. If idiopathic, and connected with
any excitement of the brain, which is not often
the case, aittention will have to be paid to that
organ.
METAMORPHOSIS, see Metagenesis.
Mktamorphosis Ventriculi Gelatiniformis,
Gastromalacia.
METANOrlSMOS, Decantation.
METAPEDIUM, Metatarsus.
METAPHRENON, Dorsum.
METAPHYTEIA, Transplantatio.
Wi^rr A PODIUM, Metatarsus.
METAPOROPCE'A, Jfetoporopoe'siR, from
weta, iropof, 'a pore,' and noictv, 'to make.' The
change produced in the minute pores, in the ca-
pillary extremities of vessels, — when they pass
from the morbid to the healthy condition. — Galen.
JIETAPTO'SIS. MetaxchematiH'iiiuH, MelaxcJie-
mat'ixlu. Mutation, change ; from fieTairirrru),
(liira, and tuktci), 'I fall,') 'I digress.' Any
change in the form or seat of a disease. Trans-
formation.
METARRIKE'A, iretm-'rJn/sis, from meta,
and pew, ' I flow.' Reflux. The transfer of a
disease from without to within, or from one part
to another.
METARRHYSTS, Metarrhoea.
METASCHEMATISIS, Metaptosis.
METASCIIEMATISMUS, Metaptosis.
METAS'TASIS, Jretnchoi-e'sis, Mctachie'ma.
JIfetiiriiie'sis, from iieQiarrnji, (iiFra, and tarrjjii, 'I
place,') ' I change place.' Binplrice'ment, Trniis-
Iii'tioii. A change in the seat of a disease; at-
tributed, by the Humorists, to the translation of
the morbific matter to a part different from that
which it had previously occupied: and by the
Solidists, to the displacement of the irritation.
It has also been used in the same extensive sense
as Metaptosis. Disputes have often been in-
dulged, whether a case of metastasis ought not
rather to be esteemed one of extension of the dis-
ease. The phenomena of gout and acute rheu-
matism are in favour of metastasis occasionally
supervening.
Mktastasis Lactis, Galactoplania, Phlegma-
tia dolens.
METASTAT'IC, Metnmnt'iciis, (E.) Mefastn-
tiqiie. Belonging or relating to metastasis. A
iiietnstiili'c cn'«in is one produced by metastasis: —
a metimintic ciffectinn, one caused by metastasis,
Ac. See Abscess, metastatic.
METASYN'CRISIS, from meffi. and avyKpivii),
(ffuy. and Kpnia, 'I choose,' 'I judge.') lii-com-
p'»ii"tion. A word employed by some disciples
of Aselepiades. This physician supposed, that
all animals are formed by the union or assem-
blage of atoms. He designated all bodies by the
word (rvyKptfinTa, which signifies ' nssenibln<»e.
TvyicptvcaS-in, 'to be assembled,' was, with liiin'
.synonymous with 'to rrut ;' and itaKpti'coSn,, 'to
separate,' was, with him, synonymous with ' lo
dissolve,' 'lo cense to exist.' Tlie word Mri„„y„.
crisis was invented to express the rccoinposit'ion
of bodies after tlieir momentary dissolulion.
Some have rendered the word by the Latin Jit-
corpora' lid.
METASYNCRIT'IC, jV,-tns,pirrit'iciis, Jtrcor.
porati'viis. Belonging or rein ting to metasyncri-
sis. A name formerly given to medicines to
which was attributed the virtue of producing the
metasyncrisis or regeneration of the body, or
some of its parts.
Mktasynchitic Cycle meant a detcrniinate
series of remedies employed for this purpose.
MBTATAR'SAL, Metalar'seiw, (F.) Mftiilni:
sieii. Same etymon as metatarsus. Relating or
belonging to the metatarsus.
Mktatahsal Artkhy, Artfi-e siis-nielntnniieme
of Chaussier, arises from the Arteria dnrsu'lis
Tarsi ; passes transversely over the back of the
foot; and furnishes, at its convexity, which is
anterior, three branches, called A. inleros'sea>
dorsn'les Pedis. These branches are distributed
in the interosseous spaces.
Mktatarsal Articijla'tions are those result-
ing from the junction of the metatarsal bones
with each other. They are strengthened, if/o'iirf,
by dorsal and plnntur ligaments; and hefure, by
a transverse metatarsal li</ai)ieiit, which is plantar,
and has the greatest analogy to the inferior trans-
verse metacarpal lif/anient.
Mktatarsal Bonk.s, (F.) Os metatnrsiens, are
five in number, and distinguished by their num-
ber; flrst, second, third, Ac, reckoning from the
outer side.
Metatarsal Phalanges are the first pha-
langes of the toes; so called because they are
united to the metatarsus.
Metatarsal Row — (F.) Fanr/^e metatarsiennt
— of the bones of the tarsus, is the second row,
or that contiguous to the metatarsus; compre-
hending the cuboides and three cuneiform bones:
some add the scaphoides.
METATARSEUS, see Abductor minimi digiti
pedis.
METATARSIEN, Metatarsal.
METATARSO-PHALAN'GIAN, Metatnrsn.
plialanrjia'tnis, Metntarso - phaUtnfjal. Relating
to the metatarsus and phalanges.
Metatarso-Phalangian or MRTATARSo-rnA-
LANGAL Articulations are formed by the bones
of the metatarsus and the corresponding pha-
langes. Thev bear the greatest analogy to the
metacarpo-plialaiiip'an artiriilafioiis.
META TA RSO-PHA LANGIEN-LA TERA L,
see Interossei pedis — in. Soiis-ph(dan<jien tiaiit-
versal du premier orteil, Transversus pedis.
METATAR'SUS, Melatar'sinm, Ifelape'divm,
jMetapo'diiim, Prcpeor'diinii seu So'linii pedis,
Vestii/"iiim pedis, (F.) Ifetalnrse, from fiCTa,
' after,' and rapaos, ' the tarsus.' That part of the
foot which is situate between the tarsus and toes,
corresponding with the metacarpus. It is com-
posed of five parallel bones; one to each toe.
Like the metacarpal bones, they are developed
from two points of ossification.
METATU'ESIS, from uiT„Tt&r„jt, f^fr,,, nnd
TiBii/ji, ' to place,') ' I change place.' Trniispo-
sit"io. An operation, by which a morbific agent
is removed from one place to another, where it
may produce less disturbance in the exercise of
the functions : — as, for example, in the operation
of depressing cataract, or when calculus in the
urethra is pushed back into the bladder. Abo,
Derivation.
METATIO
501
METRAUXE
MRTATTO, Mensuration.
MHTATOC'IA, from m<:fa, nnd toko;, 'birth.'
parliiritiiin in a preternatural manner. Pretcr-
nalnral l.il>i)ur.
M J'n'ATO PTOSIS, Diailexis.
MKTI'INSOMATOSIS, rneorporiition.
MK TKORrSMUS, Sublitnation. Tympanites.
MKTICUKOL'OGY, Meleoro/<,ff"i(i, from //£-
Ttu>(<us, (iiirtii, and aitopcta, 'I lift up,') 'a meteor,'
iiTuI ^oyii, 'a ilisoouri^o.' The science, whose ob-
ject is a knowleili;c of the orii;in, formation, ap-
jiciriince, Ac. of meteors. The state of the at-
mosphere has a most important bearing upon
the health of animals. I'ivery epidemic afiec-
tion has its causes seated there. Meteorolo-
piral conditions have, hence, ever been attended
to liy the physician for the purpose of dc-
tectinij the precise character of any particular
cpidiMnic influence. The barometer, thermometer,
and liyi;i()ineter are the instruments used with
this intent — to detect, as well the varying wei<j;ht
or pressure, and the temperature, as the moisture.
Purhnps, of the three conditions, the last exerts
more influence in the production of disease than
cither of the others. Our knowledge, however,
oC this part of physics is extremely limited and
unsatisfactory.
MWTER, jicrpov, ' a measure.' A suffix to words
denoting 'a measure,' as in Barometer, Plexime-
icr, kc.
MKTII. A prefi.x to terms. Same signification
as Mot a.
MKTI[.T;MACnYMrA, Transfusion.
METII.E'MATA; from metli, and 'aiita, 'blood.'
The capillary or intermediate system of vessels in
which the blood undergoes the change from
venous to arterial, and conversely. — Marshall
Hull. See Capillary vessels.
Ml-rniE, Teniulcntia.
MKTIII'IGLIN, Melizomnm.
MKTII KMERINUS, Quotidian.
MKTIIOI), Meth'odiix, from meth, and 'oSoq,
'wiiy.' This word has different acceptations in
tlio sciences. In medicine, cnrntire method,
iiiith'udna meden'di, is the methodical treatment
of disease.
Mkthod op CotTNTiNO, Method, numerical — m.
Mariano's, see Lithotomy.
Mk.tuoi), Numeh'ical, Method of Ohservation
or (if CoiiiitliHf, of Louis, (F.) Mfthode numeriqtie,
consists in observing every case and every symp-
tom of a e;\^Q numerically, so as to ensure, as far
as practicable, accuracy of observation ; and to
enable us, by the analysis and C(dlation of such
fiuHs, to deduce general laws and conclusions.
Also, the application of numbers to the study of
disease. See Statistics, medical.
MKTITODE NUMERIQUE, Method, nume-
riciil, Stntistics, medical — m. Pertiirhntrlce, Per-
tnrhatrix (Medicina) — m. Stibio-dermiqne, see
Un<;\ionluin antimonii.
MirniODIOS, Methodist!!.
MKrilOniQUES, Methodists.
.AIETll'ODISTS. Methnd'ic'd sect, Method'hs,
(F. ) MelhiiiUxtPH, Methoiliqnes. Same etymon.
A sci't of physicians whose doctrine was in vogue
nftcr tii;it of the Empirics and Dogmatists, to-
w.irds the end of the first century. According
to the Methodists, of whom Themison was the
ciiief. almost every disease is dependent on con-
traction or relaxation — Hln'ctnm or laxiim. To
these two causes, they added a third — mixed or
coiiipniiiid — to include those afl'ections which par-
took of the two characters. The doctrine, me-
dici'ii'i mrihod'ica, resembled, in some respects,
that of Hrown.
METIIODOL'OGY (MEDICAL), Methodo-
liij"iu J/ed'ica, from ficdoSos, ' method,' and Xoyoi,
'a discourse.' A word used, by the French more
especially, to signify method afijilied to the study
of any science. Medieal 3Iethodo/o,jy, conse-
quently, means method applied to the study of
medicine.
METIIODITS CATALEPTICA, see Cataleptic
— m. Celsiana, see Lithotomy — m. Curatoria,
Therapeutics.
Methodits Drpivato'ria. The derivative or
revellent system of treatment.
Methodus Endhtoiat'ica seu E.vnERM'icA, see
Endcrmic — m., Franconiana, see Lithotomy —
m. Guytoniana, see Lithotomy — m. Medendi,
Metho(l of cure. Therapeutics.
METIIOMA'NIA, from jacOv. 'drunkenness,'
and jxaviii, 'mania.' An irresistible desire for in-
toxicating substances. Temulentia.
METIIU, see Temulentia. AVine.
METIIYLE, IIYDRATED OXIDE OF, Spi-
ritns pyroxvlicus.
METHYLENE, BIIIYDRATE OF, Spiritus
pyroxvlicus.
METIIYSIS. Temulentia.
METHYSMUS. Temulentia.
METIIYS'TICUS, from iitdn, 'drunkenness.'
Thiit which Ciuist's, or pertains to, drunkenness.
M E T II Y S T 0 P II Y L ' L U M G L A U C U M.
A South African plant. Nut. Ord. Amyridaceae,
an infusion of whose leaves is pleasant to the
taste, and is used in bronchitis, asthma, and other
thoracic diseases. With the Bushmen and others,
it is a favourite beverage, and is called by them
BonrhjeHinansthee, ' Bushman's tea.' It is, also,
chewed.
METIS. Hybrid.
METISSAGE, Crossing.
METODONTI'ASIS, from meta, and oiovuaais,
'dentition.' Faulty development of the teeth.
METOPAGES, Symphyocephalus.
METOPANTRA, Frontal sinuses.
METOPANTRAL'GIA, from ^irutnov (ficTa,
and (u\J/. 'the eye') 'the forehead,' avrpov, 'a ca-
vity,' and aXyos, 'pain.' Pain in the frontal
sinuses.
M E T 0 P A N T R I'T I S, Tnflammn'tw oi'ninim
frniita'linm, from metopantra, and itiH, denoting
inflammation. Inflammation of the frontal
sinuses.
METOPTON, Bubon galbanura.
METOPTUM. Mesophryon.
METOPODYXIA, Neuralgia frontalis,
METOPOX, Front, Frontal bone.
METOPOS'COPY, Metopo8cop'{a,ho'a\ fxtriD-nov,
{(tcTa, and (i)\^, 'the eye,') 'the forehead,' and
oKUTttiv, 'to view.' The art of knowing the tem-
perament and character of a person by inspect*
ing the traits of his forehead or face. Sec Phy-
siognomy.
METRA. ixvTon, Uterus.
METRiE, Secundines.
M ETR.EM 0 R RH A GIA , Metrorrh agia.
METR^JIORRIIO'I'DES, from metra, and
'aifioppothi, ' hemorrhoids.' Hemorrhoids or va-
ricose veins at the orifice of the uterus.
METRAL'GIA, 3fetrodi/n'ia, from metra, and
uXyoc, 'pain.' Pain in the uterus.
METRAXiE'.MIA, from metra, and aneemia.
An anaemic condition of the uterus.
METRANASTROPHE, Uterus, inversion of
the.
METRANEURYSMUS, Metreurysma.
METRATRE'SIA. Imperforn'tin v'teri, from
metra, and nrnriata, ' imperforation.' An unnatu-
ral closure of the uterus.
METRATROPII'IA, from me/m, a, 'privative.'
and rpo^r/, 'nourishment.' Atrophy or want of
development of the uterus.
METR.AUX'E, Jli/pertroph'ia seu Sarco'siB
METRECTASIA
592
METllORRnAGIA
it'teri, from metrn, and aii(i/, ' increase.' Hyper-
trophy of the uterus.
METRECTA'SIA, from metra, and cKracti, 'di-
latation.' Dihitation of the womb.
METRELCO'SIS, Mftrhelco'ols, from metra,
and 'cAkoj, 'an ulcer.' Ulceration of the uterus.
METREMPHRAX'IS, from metra, and
tji^paaaiii, ' I obstruct.' Obstruction of the womb
or of the vessels of the womb — fn/arc'liw u'teri.
A name under which some authors have con-
founded chronic inflammation of that viscus, and
the different deirenenitions to which it is exposed.
METREMPIIYSEMA, Physometra.
METREN'CIIYTA, Metren'dn/teK, from metra,
and eyy(vu), 'I inject.' Injection of the uterus.
Substances injected into the uterus are called
Jletreu'chyta.
METREURYS'MA, Metraneurys'mns, from
metra, and tvpvi, ' dilated.' A morbid dilatation
of the womb.
METRHELCOSIS, Metrelcosis.
METRIIYMENITIS, see Metritis.
METRIOPATIII'A, from ncrpios, 'tempered,'
and KixHos, 'affection.' State of an individual
whose passions are temperate.
METRI'TIS, from metra, and itis, denoting
inflammation. Febris uteri'iia, Hyuteri'tla, Em-
J)re8'mn Hi/nteri'tia, Ftiflamma'tio U'teri, Metro-
phlogo'sis, Inflammation of the Uterus or Womb,
(P.) Inflammation de la matrice. The charac-
teristic symptoms of this affection are: — pain,
swelling, and tenderness in the hypogastric re-
gion ; with heat, pain, and tenderness of the os
uteri; vomiting, smallness, and frequency of
pulse. It occurs most frequently after delivery,
Lochometri'tis, when there is generally suppres-
sion of the lochial discharge. The treatment
must be vigorous, — bleeding early, so as to make
a decided impression ; followed by a full dose of
opium, fomentations, blisters, &c.
Acute inflammation of the womb, seated in its
internal meinhT!ine,Endo-metri't>ii.3Ictrhymeni'ti8,
Enmetri'tin, has been called Inflamma'tio catar-
rha'lis u'teri or Acute catarrh, (F. ) Catarrhe
nign, of that viscus. It is known by the dis-
charge of a clear, stringy fluid per varjinnm ; pre-
ceded by pains, which, from the hypogastric
region, shoot to the thighs, groins, Ac, with
more or less fever. It requires the antiphlogistic
treatment. Chronic metritis sometimes succeeds
the acute. To it must be referred the indura-
tions, observed in the uterus, and many of the
leucorrheal discharges to which females are
subject.
Metritis Rhrumatica, Metrorrheuma — m.
Septica. Metrocace — in. Venosa, see Phlebitis.
METROBEENNORRIICEA, Leucorrhoea uteri.
METROHLENNOZEMIA, Lcucorrhrea uteri.
METROBOTRYTES, Cauliflower excrescence
of the uterus.
METROCACE, Metri'tis sep'tiea, from metra,
and KOKo;, 'evil.' Putrescency or gangrene of
the uterus.
METROCAMPSIS, Ilysteroloxia.
METROCARCINO'MA, Byxteroearcino'ma,
U'teri carciuo'ma, Cancer u'teri, from metra, and
KapKivMna, 'cancer.' Cancer of the uterus.
METROCATARRIIUS, Leucorrhoea uteri.
METROCELE, Ilysterocele.
METROCELIDES, Najvus.
METROCHOLO'SIS, from metra, and xo^o;,
'bile.' Felirin pnerpera'liH biUo'sa.
METRODYNIA, Metralgia.
METROILE'MIA, Ili/permetrnhemie, from me-
tra, and 'aifia, 'blood.' Hyperaemia or conges-
ti.m of blood in the uterus.
METROHEMORRHAGE, Metrorrhagia.
METROLEUCORRIICEA, Leucorrhoea uteri.
METROLOXIA, Ilysteroloxia.
METROMALACOMA. Ilystcromalacia,
METROMALACOSIS, Ilystcromalacia.
MKTROMANIA, Nymphomania.
METROMY'ZEUS, from metra, and ^^,*, 'I
suck.' An e.\hausting syringe, to bo applied to
the OS uteri, for exhausting tho womb in cases of
amenorrhoea.
METRONCUS, Ilysteroncus.
METROPARAL'YSIS, from metra, and Trapa-
Xvais, 'paralysis.' Paralysis of the uterus.
METROPATIII'A, from vietra, and ttuOoj, 'af-
fection.' An afiection of the womb.
METRO-PEItlTONlTE PUERPERALE,
see Perit(mitis.
METROPERITONI'TIS, from metra, and
'peritonitis.' Injiamnia'tio u'teri et perilona'i.
Inflnmmation of the uterus and peritoneum.
Puerperal Fever. See Peritonitis.
METROPHLEBI'TIS, from metra, ^X^, "a
vein, and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflam-
mation of the veins of the uterus.
Metrophlebitis Pueri'eualis, see Phlebitis
METROPHLOGOSIS, Metritis.
METROPHTIII'SIS, Phthi'sis uteri' na, from
metra, and <pdiu), 'I consume.' Consumption from
ulceration of the uterus — Ul'cera seu JIeku'si»
u'teri.
METROPHYMA, Ilysteroncus.
METROPLETHO'RA, Metrypera'min, from
metra, and nXtjOupa, 'fulness.' Congestion or hy-
pericmia of the uterus.
METROPOL'YPUS, Ilys'tero-pol'ypus, Poly,
pus U'teri, from metra, and jiolyjjus. Polypus
of the uterus.
METROPROPTOSIS, Prolapsus uteri.
METROPTOSIS, Prolapsus uteri.
METRORRnAG"IA, 3Ietrmmorrha(,"ia, H(B-
morrhagia uteri'un seu u'teri, Sin>guifl)ix'us \tte-
ri'nus, Saii'gninis stillicid'inm ab U'tero, Fluor
uteri'ni saii'gninis, Proflu'viiim San'giiinis ex u'te-
ro, Hysterorrhag"ia sanguin'ea, JJyalerorrhoe'n,
Hmntorrhve'a uteri'na (of some), Menorrhny"ia
(of some), Hctniatome'tra, Hamatoiiin'tni, Uterine
Hemorrhage, Hemorrhage from the Womb, Metro-
hemorrhage, (F.) Hemorrhagie de la Matrice,
Pertes, Pertes uterines rouges, P. de muig ; from
metra, and pnyvvjii, 'I break forth.' An effusion
of blood from the inner surface of the uterus,
either at the menstrual or other periods; but in
a greater quantity than proper. Uterine hemor-
rhage may be caused by those influences which
produce hemorrhage in general. It happens,
however, more frequently during pregnancy, and
during or after delivery, when the vascular sys-
tem of the uterus is so circumstanced as to fa-
vour its occurrence more than at other periods.
The termination of metrorrhagia is usually fa-
vourable. Should it, however, be very copious,
or frequently recur; or should it happen to a
great extent after delivery, death may take place
very speedily ; and, in some cases, wihout the dis-
charge being perceptible; constituting internal
hemorrhage.
Uterine hemorrhage may be active or passive;
requiring obviously a different treatment. The
main management is similar to that of hemor-
rhage in general; — the horizontal posture; acid
drinks; free admission of cool air; cold applica-
tions to the loins, thighs, and abdomen; injection
of cold water, even of iced water, into the viigina;
plugging the vagina, so as to prevent the dis-
charge ^)er vaginam, and thus induce a coagulum
in the mouths of the bleeding vessels. Such will
be the special plan adopted where the hemorrhage
has occurred in one not recently delivered. In
uterine hemorrhage after delivery, the same cool-
ing ))lan must be followed ; but, as the flow of
blood is owing to the uterus not contracting so
METRORRIIEUMA
69:
MICROPODIA
as to cnnstrinKO its vessels, pressure must be
made on the aUilonien to aiil this; and, if neces-
sary, the hand must be introdueod into the uterus
to stiiriuiate it to contraction. Should the female
be excessively reduced, so as to render the accou-
cheur aiiprehensive that she may expire from loss
of blood, l)randy may be exhibited. The profuse
exhibiiiim of opium in such cases is, at least, a
doubtful plan.
Transfusion has, at times, been practised as a
last resource.
METROKRTIEU'MA, RheHmntin'mm U'teri,
nysleidl';/!" rlietuiifit'ica sou cnlnrrhn'lii, jlfetri'-
tls rheniiKil'icd, (F.) Rhnnuithme de I'litents;
from mctra, and pcvjia, 'defiuxion,' 'rheumatism.'
Rheumatism of the uterus.
MHTIIOKRHKXIS, Uterus, rupture of the.
MKTKORRIKE'A, from wetm, and pcu, 'I
flow.' A protracted discharge of any fluid from
the uterus.
MKTROSALPINX, Tube, Fallopian.
METROSCIR'RIIUS, Ili/steroacii-'rhus, Sdr-
rhiii seu (■iircino'inn u'teri, from mr.tra, and (7/ctp-
puj, 'scirrhuH.' Scirrhus of the uterus.
METROSCOLIOMA. llysteroloxia.
MET'ROSCOPE, Jletroscnp'inm, from metra,
and (TKOTtu), 'to view.' An instrument, invented
by M. Niiuche, for listening to the sounds of the
heart of the foetus, in utero-gestation, when the
sounds and movements are imperceptible through
the parietcs of the abdomen. The extremity of
the instrument — the first notion of which was
given to M. Nauche by the stethoscope of Laen-
nec — is introduced into the vagina and applied
against the neck of the uterus.
METROSIDEROS GUMMIFERA, see Kino.
METROSTKRE'SIS, from niplni, and aTenrjan,
'privation.' Extirpation of the uterus. Want
of uterus.
METROSYNIZB'SrS, iri/nterfisi/nize'sh, from
metrn,nntl cvmtliiai;, 'running together.' Morbid
union (if tiic uterus to adjacent parts.
METRO TOME, Hysterotomus.
METROTOAIIA, Cesarean section.
M ET R YP E R.EMI A, iMetroplethora.
METRYPEK.;ESTHESIS,seoUterus,irritable.
MEU, iEthusa meum.
MErLIERE, Molar.
MEUM, yEthusa meum — ra. Anethifolium,
iEthusa meum — m. Athamanticum, .^thusa
meum.
MEURTRFSSURE, Contusion.
• MEVIUM, Syphilis.
MEZEA, (Jonital organs.
MEZEREON, Daphne mezereum.
MEZEKEUM ACETATUM, see Daphne me-
zereum.
MI A MM A, Miasma.
MIANSrS, Miasma.
MIARIA, Miasma.
MIAS'MA, Jfinsm, niaana, 'a stain,' from fitai-
vu, 'I contaminate.' Jliain'ma. J/ian'si's, Mi'a'ria,
^fiaa'mKii, luqniitnmen'tiim, Jfolyii'sis, Conta'r/inni.
The word miasm has, b_v some, been employed
synonymously with contagion. It is now used
more definitely for any emanation, either from
the bodies of the sick, or from animal and vege-
table substances, or from the earth, especially in
marshy districts, (Mar/ih poison, Efflu'viinn pn-
liti'tre, Gan pn/iin'tre, (F.) Iiiloxirntioii den J/a-
rnis,) which may exert a morbid influence on
those who are exposed to its action. To these
terrestrial emanations — the Koino-mian'mcita of
Dr. E. Miller, of New York — the Italians give
the name nrin cattira, but, more commonly, mn-
liria ('bad air') ; a word which has been adopted
into other languages. The deleterious effluvia,
originating from the decomposition of matter de-
3S
rived from the human body, have been called by
Dr. Miller, Idiomidn'mata ; the epithets Koino
and Idio being derived respectively from koivo^,
'common,' and liioi, 'personal.' Of the miasms
which arise either from the animal body or from
the most unhealthy situations, we know, chemi-
cally, notJiing. All that we do know is, that,
under such circumstances, emanations take place,
capable of causing disease in many of those who
are exposed to their action.
MIASMAT'IC, Midsmot'iciin. Belonging or
relating to miasmata. Sauvages, in his classifi-
cation of diseases according to their etiology, has
a class under the name Morhi miniinxit' ici. A
fever that arises from marshy miasms, is styled
vifiln'rioiii, pidv'dul, Heloji'i/ra, Helopyr'etus, ifcc.
MIASMUS, Miasma.
]\[fAUL ANTES, see Cotivuhionnaire.
MICE PANIS. see Triticum.
MICATIO CORDIS. Svstole.
MICIIE'LIA CHAM'PACA, Chmnpacn, Mi-
chelia Txjampaca. Oid. Magnoliaceno. An Ori-
ental tree, much prized for the odour and beauty
of its flowers. The oily infusion of the flowers
is employed in the Moluccas in headache.
MICIjE'TA. a medicine used by Mesne for
arresting hetnorrhage; perhaps, according to
Siebenhaar, from the Arabic, michnata, '"proved
by experience."
MICOSIS, Frambnesia.
MICRANATOMIA, see Anatomy.
MICRANGIA, Capillary vessels.
MICRENCEPITALIUM, Cerebellum.
MICRENCEPHALON, Cretinism.
MICRENCEPIIALUM, Cerebellum.
MICROCEPHALIA, sec Microcophalus.
MICROCEPII'ALUS, Mikroeeph'ohis, Micro,
cra'iiiiis, from micron, and KC(paXt), 'head.' One
who has a small bead. A monster having a
small imperfect head, or a small imperfect cra-
nium. The condition is called MicrocephaV ia,
Oroiiionteiio'sin. With some it means Idiotism.
MICROCORIA, Myosis.
MI'CROCOSM, Mirrocos'jniit. from micros, and
Kocrjjtoi, 'world.' A little world. Some philoso-
phers have given this appellation to man, whona
they consider as the epitome of all that is ad-
mirable in the world. The world they call Ma'-
crocosm.
MICROCOPMETOR, Vital principle.
MICROCOSM'ICA MACIII'NA. The organ-
ism of man.
MiCROCOSMiCA Scir5NTiA, Physiology.
MiCROCOSMiciTM Sal, with the ancients meant
the salts of the urine, — Sol uri'iicg.
MICROCOSMOGRAPIIIA, Physiology.
MICROCOIIST'IC, Jficrocits'ticiis, from wn'cro*,
I and oKovu), 'I hear.' This word, as well as 3I{-
croph'onoiis, {row fiticpoi, ' small,' and ^wvi;, 'voice,'
means any thing that contributes to increase the
intensity of sound — as the speaking trumpet — by
collecting the sonorous rays.
MICROCRANIUS, Microcephalus.
MICROGLOS'SIA, from micros, and yXtaaaa,
'tongue.' Original smallness of tongue.
MICROLEUCONYMPII^A, Nymphaea alba.
MICROLOtiY', see Microscopy.
MICROM'ELUS, Ilemim'eles, from micros, and
ficKoi, 'a limb.' A monster having imperfectly
developed extremities.
MICROMMATUS, Microphthalraus.
MICROPIIONOUS, Microcoustic.
MICROPHTIIAL'MUS, Microm'mat„s, from
micros, and oii^iiXiioi, 'eye.' One who has small
eyes. A monster with two .'mall, or imperfectly
developed eyes. A small eye, — Ophthahnid'ium,
OphthnTmiiiiii.
MICROPODIA, Micropus.
MICROPROSOPUS
504
MILK
MTrROPROSO'PUS, Aprono'pus, from niicron,
and TpixTWToi/, 'face.' A monster in which a part
of tlie face is absent.
MrCIlOPUS, from micros, and rouy, 'foot.'
One who has small feet. The condition is called
M;rroi>o,l'!,i.
MI'CROPYLE, Jflcrop'yhim, from micron, and
TruX>7, '!;'ate.' An openin<r in the epi.sj)erm of
."seeds, through whi<^h the fecundating pollen en-
ters the ovule to fecundate it. It has been sup-
posed, that such a mieropyle exists in the human
ovule.
MICROR'CniDES, from micros, and opx'S, 'a
testicle.' They who have very small testicles.
MICROS. ittKi>oi, -little,' as in
MI'CROSOOPY, Hicroscop'iiim ; from micros,
and BKOTrri, 'a view.' Observation bj' the niicro-
.«cope; an important agency in the examination
(if the healthy and morbid tissues. A description
of the results of such observation is 3Iicro()'rit-
pln/. Microlog}/ is often used with the same sig-
nification, and for a treatise on the microscope
and the results of microscopy.
MIOUOSOMTA. Nanosom'ia.
MICROSPHYC'TUS. Same etymon as the
next. One who has a small pulse.
^IICROSPHYX'IA, from micros, and cipvy/xos,
'pulse.' Smallness or weakness of pulse.
MICROSPORON AUDOUINI, see Porrigo
ilecalvans — ni. Furfur, see Chloasma — m. Jlenta-
grophytes, Mentagrophyte.
MICROS'TOMUS; from vn'cros, and aro/xa,
'mouth.' One who has a small mouth.
MiCROTE'SIA, Par'tium orgfiiiica'rum pnr'-
riliis worho'sa ; from /itKpoTri;, 'smallness.' Mor-
bid smallness of organic parts.
MICROTRAPEZIA, Leptotrophia.
MICROTRICIi'IA; from micros, and 5p(f,
'hair.' Fineness or shortness of hair.
MICROTROPIIIA, Leptotrophia.
MICTIO, Micturition — m. Cruenta, Ilxmatu-
ria — m. Inopi)ortuna, Enuresis — m. Involuntaria,
Enuresis — in. Sanguinea, IIa[)maturia.
MIVTIOiV. Micturition.
MrCTURIT"ION, MIc'tio, Mictus, Ure'^is,
Uri'nuis, Oniiche'sis, (F.) Miction, Action <le
pisser, from nricliirio, and miiigere, mictuui, ' I
make water.' The act of making water — Urinn'-
tion. Also, morbid frequency of passing the
■water.
MICTUS, Micturition — m. Cruentus, Ilaema-
turia.
MIDRIFF, Diaphragm.
MIDWIFE, from mio, 'with,' and pip, 'wife.'
or, from mis, 'meed,' 'recompense,' and pip,
'wife.' Mittro'na, Uhstet'rix, Hijpore'tria, M(pii,
Mmos, J/cKii'tria, Accs'toris, Acis'tris, Aces'tria,
(Sc.) Iloiidij, fProv.) Grocc-wi/c, Hniitlwomaii,
Jlcnrhwoniaii, IJoiV(Ii/-ioi/e, (F.) Soije femme, Ac-
eoKchciisc. A female who practises obstetrics.
.MIDWIFERY, Obstetrics.
M I KL, Mel — m. d' AccUitc de Ciiirre, Linimen-
tum ieruginis — m. liorntc, Mel boraeis — m.Drpnre,
Mel despuiiiatum — ni. DcspHine, Mel despumatum
— m. Medii-iiin!. Mellitum — ni. Ifcrcirrinle coiii-
jiosp, Mellitum de niercuriali compositum.
MIEUTER. Accoucheur.
MKJMA. Mi^tara.
M 1(1 It MX R. Ilemiorania.
MKJRANA. Ileinicrania.
Mid I! ATI ON DU f.AMnEAU, see Flap.
MIKANIA (MIACO. (iuaco.
MIKROCEPIIALtIS, Microcephalus.
jM/L. Panicnm iniliaceum.
MILFOIL. Achillea millefolium.
MITJAIliE. Miliary, Miliary fever.
MILIARIA, I\Iiliary fever — m. Sudans, Mi-
liary fever — m. Sudatoria, Miliary fever.
MILIARIS SUDATORIA, Sudor nnglicus, S
picardicus.
MIL'IARY, Milia'ris, (F.) Miliaire; from
milium, ' millet.' Resembling millet seed — hence
miliars/ fever, viitinri/ glands, <fec.
MlLlAKY Fevku, Eiii'phljisis miliu'rin, Mllii,'.
ris, Miliitriii, M. sndniis seu siidnto'rin, Sm/nr
S. milia'ris, /'/ip'iil'i milia'ris, A'j-aiithe'mu iiiili.
arid, Si/ii'orhns miliaria, Aspre'do viilia'cin
Febris milia'ris seu essero'sa seu pinirticida'rii
seu ciiliciila'ris seu vcsicula'ris seu Icnticiila'ris
seu piirj»ira'te ridira et alba milia'ris, /'ur'tmnt
piicrpera'ntm, P. milin'ris, J'ap'idcp, siido'ris
Millet sped rash, (F.) Miliaire, Millol, Poinpre
blanc, Millet. It is so called from the eniplidn
resembling the seed of the milium or »«///<•(.
Fever, accompanied by an eruption of sniall, red,
isolated pimples, rarely confluent, but aliiidst
always very numerous, slightly raised above the
skin, and presenting, at the end of 24 hours, a
small vesicle filled with a white transpnre?it
fluid; which quickly dries up, and separates in
the form of scales. Miliary fever is now rare, in
consequence of the cooling practice in fevers and
other states of the system. It is almost always
brought on by external heat, and hence the pre-
vention is obvious. The treatment is siuipie. It
requires merely the antiphlogistic regimen, in
ordinary cases.
MiLiAUY (J LANDS, Sebaccous glands— m. Gran-
ulations or Tubercles, see Granulation.
MILII SEMINA, Panicum Italieum.
MILIOLUM. Diminutive of milium, 'millet.'
Cenchrid'ion. A small tumour on the eyelids,
resembling, in size, a millet-seed.
MILITARIS HERBA, Achillea millefolium.
MIL'ITARY, Milita'ris, from miles, wilitis,{¥.)
3/ilit((ire, 'a soldier.' Pertaining to a soldier or
an army — as ' 3lilitary medicine,' Mediriiia mili-
ta'ris, (F.) Medecine militaire; and 3lilitary siir-
grri/, C/iirur'gin milita'ris, (F.) Chiriirijie mili-
taire. Medicine and surgery applicable to the
soldier.
MILIUM, Grutum, Panicum miliaceurn, see
Hydatid — m. Esculentum, Panicum miliaceiiin —
m. Indicum, Panicum Italieum — m. Pauicmn,
Panicum miliaceurn — m. Solis, Lithosperuiuin
ofiicinale.
MILK, Sax. melc, Lac, Ooln, Humor Inc'teut,
Latex ni'veus, (F.) Lait. A fluid secreted by the
mammnry glands of the females of the inaininnlin.
The skiinmetl milk of the cow, (F.) L'litde Vochf,
contains water, caseous matter, traces of butter,
sugar of milk, chloride of sodiuui, phosphate,
and acetate of potassa, lactic acid, lactate of iron,
and earthy phosphate. The cream is formed of
butter, casein, and whey, in which there is sugar
of milk and salts. When examined by the micro-
scope, milk is seen to contain a large number of
particles, of irregular size and shape, varying
from T2-(fnth to jo^iryth of an inch in diameter.
They consist of oily matter, surrounded by a
delicate pellicle, and are the mill,- globules.
Cow's milk is emj)loyed for the preparation of
cream, butter, cheese, whey, sugar of milk, and
frangipane. It is useful in a number of cases nf
poisoning; either by acting as a demulcent, or
by decomposing certain poisons, or by combining
with others so as to neutralize them. It is con-
stantly employed as aliment, and may be regarded
as an emulsion in which butter and casein are
found ill suspension. AVhen taken into the pIo-
mach. it is coagulated by the gastric fluids, and
the coaguhim is digesttd like any other solid.
The watery parts are absorbed.
Detweeii milk, flour, and blood, there is great
similarity of composition. T^ie following table
is given by Dr. Robert Dundas Thomson:
MILK
G95
MILLIMETRE
MOk.
Curd or Casein
Butter.
Sugar .
Flour.
Fibrin,
Albumen,
Casein,
Gluten,
f Sugar, 1
I Starch, J
1- Do.
Chloride of potassium,
sodium.
Phosphate of soda,
. lime,
. magnesia,
iron.
From a considerable number of
Messrs. Deycux and Parmenticr
kiiuls of tnilk, which they examin
to the following tabic, as regards
quantity of materials they contain.
Bhind.
Fibrin,
Albumen,
Casein,
Colouring
matter.
Fat.
Sugar.
Do.
experiments,
class the six
ed, according
the relative
Casein.
nuttrr.
Stifinr of
Milk:
Scrum.
Goat
Sheep
Cow
Ass
Woman
Mare
Sheep
Cow
Goat
Woman
Ass
Mare
Woman
Ass
Mare
Cow
Goat
Sheep
Ass
Woman
Mare
Cow
Goat
Sheep
Mrr,K Absckss, Mastodynia apostematosa.
Milk, Almond, Emulsio amygdalae.
Milk and Soda Watku. An agreeable mode
of taking milk in cases where it lies heavily on
the stomach. Heat, nearly to boiling, a teacup-
fnl of milk ; dissolve in it a teaspoonful of siiyor,
put it into a large tumbler, and pour over it two-
thirds of a bottle of so<la vxiter.
Mli,K, AssKs', (F.) Liiit d'AncHKe, considerably
resembles human milk, of which it has the con-
sistence, smell, and taste : but it contains a little
less cream, and more soft, caseous matter. It is
often used by those labouring under pulmonary
affections.
Artljin'al Asuen' Milk, may be made by taking
(//■liiliii ^ss; dissolving it, by the aid of heat, in
bitrlei/ witter Oij ; adding refined mit/nr ^] ; pour-
ing into the mixture new milk Oj ; and beating
the whole with a whisk.
It may also be prepared by dissolving siirjar
of milk ^\] in tepid skimmed cow's milk Oj.
iMri.K Blotch, Porrigo larvalis — m. Crust,
Poriigo larvalis.
Milk, Ewks', (F.) Lnit de. Brehia. It affords
more cream than cows' milk; but the butter is
softer. The cnseuni, on the contrary, is fatter,
and more viscid. It contains less serum than
cow's milk. The Roquefort cheeses are made
from it.
Milk Fbver, see Fever, milk — m. Glass,
Brc;ist glass — m. Glo'iules, see Milk.
Milk. Goats', (F.) Loit de Ohevre, resembles
cows' milk : the butyraccous matter, however,
which enters into its composition, is more solid
tliiin that of the cow.
.hfifiriiil GiKtt'n }filk may be made by taking
froh »»f^ ^^j ; cutting it into small pieces: tying
it in a muslin bag. large enough to leave the
morsels free from compression : and boiling in a
qiiiirt of ciiw'n milk, sweetened with a quarter of
an ounce »f white mii/or entidi/.
Tsi'd as a diet in scrofulous cases, and also in
J'hllii^is.
Milk. (5i?kf.\, Colostrum.
Milk, Human, (F.) Luit de fumme, — contains
more sugar, milk, and cream, and less caseura,
than cows' milk. Its composition differs accord-
ing to the distance of time from delivery.
Milk Knot, Giduetd-ijau'ijlion ; (F.) O'avglion
hn'tcii.r. The knots often observed in the breast
after inflammation of the organ, or for some time
after the suppression of the secretion. They
generally end by resolution.
Milk Lkg, Phlegmatia dolens.
Milk, Malks', Sperm.
Milk, Mares', (F.) Lnit de Jiimcnt, — contains
only a small quantity of fluid butyraceous matter;
a little caseum, softer than that of cows' milk, and
more serum.
Milk Scall, Porrigo larvalis.
Milk Sickness, »S'/<7,- stomnch, Swamp fiickiienn,
Tires, Slotca, Stiff Joiiila, Piikiiie/ fever. River
aickiieas. A disease occasionally observed in the
States of Alabama, Indiaiin, and Kentucky, which
affects both man and cattle, but chiefly the latter.
It is attributed in cattle to something eaten or
drunk by them ; and in man to the eating of the
flesh of animals labouring under the disease.
Owing to the tremors that characterize it in ani-
mals, it is called the Trembles. It is endemic.
The .symptoms of the disease are such as are
produced by the acro-narcotic class of poisons —
vomiting, purging, extreme nervous agitation,
<fec. : and the apjiroved indications of treatment
appear to be — gentle emetics and laxatives, with
quiet, and mucilaginous drinks.
Milk, Snakes', Euphorltia corollata.
Milk, Solid'ii-ied. Milk, to which little less
than an equal weight of white sugar has been
added, evaporated to dryness. When re-dissolved
in water, it has all the qualities of fresh milk,
with the additional quantity of sugar.
To milk, evaporated to dryness, MM. Grimaud
and Galais have given the names Lactoline and
Lrtcteiiie.
Milk Spots, 3fi(enl(p <ilh(p, Strophulus.
i\IiLK Stone, Morochthus.
Milk, Sigah of, Sugar of milk.
Milk of SuLPimit, Sulphur praecipitatura — m.
Sweet, Galium verum.
Milk Teeth, see Dentition — m. Thrush, Aph-
thae— m. Vetch, Astragalus verus — m. Vetch,
stemless, Astragalus exscapus — m. Weed, Apocy-
nnmandrosaMuifoliuin, Asclepias Syriaca. Euphor-
bia corollata — m. Weed, long-leaved, green,
Accrates longifolia — m. Weed, smooth, Asclepias
Sullivantii — in. Wort, bitter, Polygala amara — •
m. Wort, common, Polygala — m. Wort, dwarf,
Polygala paucifolia — m. Wort, rattlesnake, Poly-
gala.
MILKWOMAN, Nurse, wet.
MILKY, Lactic.
MILL MOUNTAIN, Linum eatharticum.
MILLEFEIILLE. Achillea millefolium — nj,
AqiKiiiiiiie. Phcllnnilrium aquaticum.
MIL L R- FKVIL L E T. Omasum.
MILLEFOLIUAI, Achillea millefolium.
MILLEMORBIA SCROPHULARIA, Scro-
pbularia nodosa.
MILLEPEDES. Onisci aselli.
MILLEEERTUIS ORDINAIRE, Hyperi-
cum perfnrnturn.
MILLET, Aphthae. Miliary fever — m. Barba-
docs, Paiiicum Italicum — m. Common, Panicum
niilinccuni — m. Indian. Panicum Italicum — m.
des O/'.cff/i.r. Panicum Italicum — m. Ordinaire,
Panicum miliaceum.
MILLET-SKKD RASH, Miliary fever.
MILLIGRAMME, from mi/le,''n. thousand,'
and yiiiifiua, ' n. gramme.' The thousandth part
of a grjimme: — about 0'01,')4 Trov grain.
MII-LIGRAXA, Ilcrniaria glabra.
MILLIMETRE. Millim'eter, from mille, 'a
thousand,' and /iet, or, ' measure.' The thou-
MIL LOT
59f5
MISTURA
sanJth part of tlie metre; — equal to 0-03937
English inch, or about two-fifths of a line.
MtLLOT. Miliary fever.
MILPILE. Madarosis.
MILPIIOSIS, Madarosis.
MILT, Melt, Spleen.
M[1,T-LIKE. An epithet for a form of cancer,
characterized by a soft pale growth, containing
scarcely any blood ; — so called from its resem-
blance to the milt of fi fish.
Mii.T-LiKR TuMOUK, Encephaloid.
MILTUS. Plumbi oxyduin rubrum.
MILTWASTE, Asplenium.
MIMOSA CATECHU, Catechu— m. Cochlia-
carpa, see Cortex adstringens Brasiliensis — m.
Leucophlea, see Spirit (Arrack)— m. Nilotica, see
Acacite gumrai — m. Scandens, Cachang-parang
— m. Senegal, see Senegal, gum — m. Virginalis,
see Cortex adstringens Brasiliensis.
MIND, ABSENCE OF, Aphelxia socors — m.
Abstraction of, Aphelxia inteuta — m. Unsound,
Insanity.
MINERALTUM, Antimoniura.
MINER'S ELBOW. An enlargement of a
bursa over the olecranon, occurring in such as
are in the habit of leaning much upon it; and,
therefore, often seen in those who work on the
side in low-roofed mines.
MIN'IM, Min'iminn, 'the least part or portion.'
The 00th part of a fluidraohm. This measure
bas been introduced by the London College of
Physicians, in consequence of the uncertainty of
the size of the drop, (see Gutta.) The subdivision
of the wine pint has, accordingly, been extended
to the 60th part of the fluidrachm; and glass
measures, called " miniin-ineasures," have been
adopteil by the London College. The proportion
between the minims and the drops of various
fluid preparations is exhibited in the following
table. The results were obtained by Mr. Duraiid,
a skilful pliarmncien of Philadelphia, under cir-
cumstances, as regards the different articles, as
nearly identical as possible.
Table of the Number of Drops of different
Liquids equivalent to a Fluidrachm.
Acid Acetic, crystallizable 120
Acid IIy<lrocyanic (medicinal) 4.')
Muriatic 54
Nitric 84
diluted (1 to 7) 51
Sulphuric 90
aromatic 120
diluted (1 to 7) 51
Alcohol (rectified Spirit) 138
Alcohol, diluted (proof Spirit) 120
Arsenite of Potassa, solution of 57
Ether, Sulphuric 150
Oils of Aniseed, Cinnamon. Cloves, Pepper-
mint, Sweet Almonds. Olives 120
Tinctures of Asafoetida, Foxglove, Guaiae,
Opium 120
Tincture of Chloride of Iron 132
Vinegar, distilled 78
of Colchicum 78
of Opium (black drop) 7.S
—of Squill 78
Water, distilled 45
Water of Ammonia (strong) 54
Do. do. (weak) 45
Wine (Teneriffe) 78
Antimonial 72
of Colchicum 75
of Opium 78
MINIiM'ETER ; badly compounded from wi-
ttt'mvm and jjicTpov, 'measure.' An instrument for
ine.isuring minims, invented by Jlr. Alsop. It
consists ol' a glass tube, graduated from the coni-
cal point into minims; and having a piston, hj
the elevation of which, fluid may bo drawn into
the tube, and by its depression be forced from it.
MINIM MEASURE. A
measure for the divisions of a
fluidrachm.
MINIMUM, Minim.
MINISTER GYMNASTiE,
Psodotribes.
MINITllOSIS, Mciosis.
MINIUM, Plumbi oxydum
rubrum — m. Grivcorum, Ilj'-
drargyri sulphuretum rubrum
— m. Purum, Itydrargyri sul-
phuretum rubrum.
MINOR HEL'ICTS. A
muscle situate on the posterior
border of the helix of the ear,
at its commencement in the
fossa of the concha.
MINORATIVUS, Laxative.
MINT, COCK, Tanacetum ... .
, , . ' /-I 1 1 m .u Blmim measure,
balsamita — m. Curled, Mentha
crispa — m. Cat, Ncpeta — m. Horse, Miinnrtla
coccinea and M. punctata — m. Horse, hairy, lile-
philia hirsuta — in. Horse, Ohio, Blephilia liirsuta
— m. Horse, sweet. Cunila Mariana — in. Hyssop-
leaved, Mentha cervina.
Mint Julep. A drink, consisting of brandy,
sugar, and pounded ice, flavoured hy sprigs of
mint. It is an agreeable alcoholic excitant.
Mint, Mountain, Monarda coccinea — in. Moun-
tain, common, Pycnanthemum incanum — ni. Pep-
per, Mentha piperita — m. Spear, Mentha viridis
— m. Squaw, Iledeoma — m. Stone, Cunila Mari-
ana.
Mint Tra, Infnsum Menthae viridis.
Mint, Water. Mentha aquatica.
MINTllA, Mint.
MINUTHESIS, Meiosis.
MINYANTHES, Menyanthes.
MIOSIS, Meiosis.
MIRLES, Rubeola.
MIROCELE. Merocele.
MIRROT. Daiicus Carota.
MISADIR, Ammonia; murias.
MISANTHRO'PIA, Mhim'thmpy, Exitviho'.
piit, Phijp(inllir(j'}iia, from /uffof, 'hatred,' and
avSpionoi, 'man.' Aversion toman and society: —
a symptom of melancholy, and hypochondriasis.
MISCARRIAGE. Abortion.
MISERERE MEL Ileus.
MISH.ME TEETA, Coptis teefa.
MISMAR, M<-xemnr. A name given by Avi-
cenna to a kind of nodus, which forms on tlie
toes as the sequel of contusion or inflammation
of those parts.
MISOPTO'CHUS, from iJiaoi, 'hatre/1,' nnd
nrtDXog, 'poor.' That which has hatred for the
poor. The gout has been so called by some, be-
cause it commonly affects the rich.
MISSADAN, Hvdrarsyrum.
MISSIO SANGUINIS, Blood-letting.
MISSISSIP'PI, MINERAL AVATERS OF.
C;np>-r'^ Well, in Hinds County, four miles from
Raymond, and thirteen from Jackson, is a sul-
phuretted saline, the chief constituents being the
sulphates of soda and magnesia. Of the solid in-
gredients upwards of 3 per cent, are of peroxide
of iron. The waters are chiefly used in chronic
gastro-enteric affections. Ormn Sprittr/K, in Jai-k-
son County, is an acidulo-sulphureous chalybeiite.
MTSTIO. Mistura.
MISTLETOE, Viscura album — m. Yellowish,
Viscum flaveseens. ^ .
MISTU'RA, in(ti. Fiopntimn.Migmn.Mixli",
JIfix'tio, M!itn'rn, Mf.rtnre ; (F.) Po/iV.n, from
vnxrevp, mirtmi, ' to mix.' A mingled compoun.l,
in which different ingredients are contained in
M I S T U II A
597
MITRAL
the fluid state ; suspended or not by means of
mucilaginous or sacfhjirine matter. In this sense,
it is synonymous witii the French Potion. In
France, however, the word mirUtre is more fre-
quently understood to mean a liquid medicine,
wliicli contains very active substances, and can
only he administered hy drops. A mixture, in
other words, in the French sense, may be regarded
as a potion dei)rived of watery vehicle.
MISTURA, (S.) A friij;rant yellow-coloured
water, used as a perfume by the ladies of Peru.
It is prepared from gillyflower, jasmine, audy/or
de miitclrt (Talinuni umbellatum). See Campo-
uianesia lineatifolia.
MisriniA AcACi^:, Mucilago AeaciiB.
MisTiiuA Ac"ii)i IIyduocyan'ici, Mixture of
PniKsic acid, Melniii/e pi'ctor<(l (Magendie). (Me-
dicinal pruHiiic iicid, ,^j, distilled water, ^.xiv,
pure suijai; ^iss.) A dessert-spoonful every
morning and evening, as a jjcctoral, &c.
MlSTUUA Ammoni'aci, Lac nmiiioniaci, Mixture
of uiiiiiio'niac. {Ammo7tia<\ ^'\j, a>/iicB Oss. Rub
the auiinoniacum : adding the water gradually un-
til they are perfectly mixed. Ph. U. S.) Dose,
fgss to 5J.
MiSTiinA Amygdai,;e, Emulsio amygdalae.
MiSTliHA AsaFCE'tiDjE, Lac nsafwtidcB, Emul-
sio iiiililii/iler'ica, Mixture of axa/wtida, (F.) Lait
d'oHii/dlida. {AniafetidcB Jj'.i) "1'"^ Oss. Hub
together, adding the water by degrees. Ph. U.
S.) Used where pills cannot be swallowed, and
as a glyster in irritations during dentition, and
in ascarides. Dose, f.^ss to f^iss.
MisTiiKA AsAFCETii)^ PRO Clvsmate, Eneiua
fcetiduin.
MisTiiUA CAll'pnoilvE, Aqua camphorm (Ph. U.
S.), Camphor mixture or julep, Mistura canqtho-
ra'la, Jida'pium e camphord sen caniphorntum,
(F.) Jiilej) camphri. (Camphor. "^V], alcohol. V(\^x\,
iiiaijiicK. carl), ^iv, aqua Oij. Rub the camphor
with the alcohol, and afterwards with the mag-
nesia, add the water, and filter. Ph. U. S.)
\'irtucs like those of camphor. See Emulsio
caiii|ihor;r.
MlSTiillA CoilNtl UsTI, Decoc'fum eornucervi'ni
sou album, Decoction if burnt hartiihorn, 3Iixture
of burnt harlnhoni. [Cornuum list, ^ij, acacia:
gum. eont. ,^j, (iqucB Oiij. Boil to Oij, constantly
stirring, and strain. Ph. L.)
MlSTtiRA CnUASo'TF. Cre'asote mixture. [Crea-
gnt., Acid, acetic, aa TTI xvj, Sp. Jiinip. comp.,Si/-
rnp., aa f,^j : AqucB f.^xiv. Mix the creasoteand
the acid; add gradually the water, and then the
syrup aTid spirit. Ph. E.) A fluidounce con-
tains a minim of creasote.
MlsTiriiA CllKTyE. Potio carhonn'tis calcis, Mis-
tura creta'eea, Mucila'go cret'ica. Chalk OT Creta'-
ceouH mixture. Chalk julep, (F.) Mixture de Craic.
(Cretce pp. ,^ss, sacehar., acacits ;/uni. in pulv.,
aii ,^ij, aqncB cinnain., aqucB, aii f.^i^'- Mix. Ph.
U.S.) Antacid and absorbent. Dose, f.^j to f^ij.
MisTiiKA DiABoi/icA. A mixture under this
name is kept in military hospitals for malin-
gerers. It is made of sundry nauseous ingre-
dients, as aloes, asafoetida, eastor, &c., and is
given so as to keep up a disagreeable impression
on the gustatory nerves.
iMiSTURA Emeti'iN.e Vomito'ria, Emetic mix-
ture of emetine. (Emetine 4 gr., orange flower
water ^^ij, xyrup ^^s3; M.) A dessert-spoonful
every half hour till it acts.
Mistura Fkrui Compos'ita, Compound mix-
ture of iron, (F.) Mixture de fer compoHee, Grif-
jiilt't mixture. (.Myrrh, cont., .^j, potansm earb.
gr. sxv, aqu(F route f^viiss, /evrt aulph. in pulv.,
Bj. «y). lavaud. "^f^s, sacehar. ^']. Rub together
the myrrh, svibcarbonate of potassa, and sugar;
then add, while triturating, the rose-water, spirit
of nutmeg; and, lastly, the sul^jhate of iron.
Pour the mixture directly into a glass bottle, and
stop it close. Ph. U. S.) It is tonic .and emme-
nagogue, and is useful wherever iron is indicated.
Mlstura Gr,YCYKRHi'zj5 Compos'ita, Catn-
pound mixture of Liq'uorice, Bruicn Mixture,
(Extract. Glycyrrhiz. pulv.. Acacia pulv., ^V(c-
char., aa 5-*'''') 'Pinct. opii caviphorat. f.^ij ; 17).-
ai^timon. t' ^'] ; Spirit, wther. nitric, f ,^ss ; Aqucp,
f^^xij. Rub the liquorice, gum arable, and sugar
with the water, gradually poured upon them ;
add the other ingredients and mix. Ph. U. S.)
A popular cough medicine, but not deserving of
being made officinal. Dose, a tablespoonful or
f.^ss.
Mistura Giiai'aci, Mixture of guai'ac, Lac
guaiaci, Emul'sio yuaiaci'na, Mistura guaiaci
gummo'sa seu guiunii gua'iaci Ber'geri, Solu'tio
guaiaci gummo'sa seu resi'ncB guaiaci aquo'sa,
(F.) 3Iixture de Guyac. [Guaiuc. g. resin. '^\ss,
sacch. pur. J^'j, muc. acacicB gum. ^\), aq. cinnani.
f ^viij. Rub the guaiacum with the sugar; then
with the mucilage. Add, gradually, the cinna-
mon water. /'//. />.) Dose, f.^ss to f,^ij.
Mistura Gumju Guaiaci liKnoEKi, Mistur.T,
Guaiaci — m. Ilordei, Decoctum Ilordei composi-
tum — in. Leniens, Looch ex ovo.
Mistura Moschi, M. moscha'ta, 3fusk mixture.
(3lo8chi, acacicegum. contus., sacch. purif, sing.
3i> "'I- '■'■'*« f.^^j- I^ub the musk with tho
sugar; add the gum, and. by degrees, the rose-
water. /'/(. L.) Dose, f^ss to f.^ij.
Mistura Scammo'nii, Scam'mony 3Iixture.
Scammon. gr. vij, Lactis f.^iij. Triturate to form
an emulsion. Ph. E.) The whole is a cathartic
dose.
Mistura Spm'iTus Vini Gall'ici, Brandy 3fix-
ture. (Sp. Viii. Gallic, Aq. cinnam. aa f.^iv;
Vitel. ovo. i j ; Sncchar. §ss; 01. cinnam. TTL ij.
M. Ph. L.) An excitant draught for the low
stages of fever.
jMistura SiRYcn'Ni^K, 3fixture of strych'nia.
(Distilled loater, ^\}, very pure strychnia, 1 gr.,
white sugar, ^ij ; M.) Dose, a dessert-spoonful.
Mistura Sulphurico-acida, Elixir acidum
Ilallori — m. Vulneraria acida, Arquebusade,
Eau d'.
MITCHEL'LA REPENS, Partridge berry. A
prottj' little indigenous trailing evergreen, of the
Cinchona family — Cinchonacese, — which flowers
from June to July. It has been considered an
expectorant, emmenagogue, and diuretic; and Las
been prescribed in dropsy and gout.
MITELLA, Sling.
MITII'RIDATE, 3fiihrida'lium, 3rifhridat'-
ieum luedicamen'tum, Antid'otuin 3Iithrida'lium,
Diascin'ci antid'otus, Oonfec'tio Damoc'ratis. A
very compound electuary, into which entered —
3fyrrh of Arabia, Saffron, Agaric, Ginger, Cinna-
mon, Frankincense, Garlic, 3Iustard, Birthwort,
Galbanum, Castor, Long pepper, Opoponax, Bdel-
lium, Gum Arabic, Opium, Gentian, Orris, Saga-
penum. Valerian, Acacia, Ilypericuyn, Canary
wine. Honey, &c. It was invented by ^Mithrida-
tes, king of Pontus and Bithynia, and was for-
merly regarded as alexifiharmic. It is little used
at the present day, and, from its heterogeVieous
nature, should be whollv abandoned.
MIT.HRID ATICUM MEDICAMENTUM, Mi-
th rid ate.
MITIGANS, Lenitive.
MITRA IIIPPOCRATICA, Bonnet d'Hij^po-
crate.
MITRAL, 3fitra'lis, from nirpii. viifrn, 'a
headdress.' Having the form of a mitre; resem-
bling a bishop's mitre.
Mitral Regurgitation, see Regurgitation.
Mitral Valves, Val'vnlce viitra'les seu Cordis
mitra'lea seu episcopa'les seu hicuspida'les seu
bicuspidu'tcB. Two triangular valves at the open-
MURIUM
59 8 MOFFAT, MINERAL WATERS OP
ing of communication between tlie left auricle of
the heart and the corresponding ventricle. These
valves arc formed hy the inner membrane of the
left cavities of tlie heart; and are retained on the
side of the ventricle by tendinous cords, proceed-
ing from the columnoe carneiB. They form a spe-
cies of valve, which permit the blood to pass from
the auricle into the ventricle and oppose its return.
MITKIUM, Slinsr.
MITTE (F.), Etjin'vinm Zotrina'ri,(m. An
emanation exhaled from privies, which strongly
irritates the eyes. It consists of ammonia, united
to the carbonic and hydro-sulphuric acids.
MIUAMARU, see Arrow poison.
MIVA, Marmelade.
MIX IS, Coition, Mistur.-i.
MIXTIO. Mistura.
MIXTURA, Mistura.
MIXTURE, Mistura— m. Almond, Emulsio
AmygdaliB — tn. of Ammoniac, Misturaammoniaci
— ra. of Asafoetida, Mistura asafoetida?.
Mixture, Brandy, Mistura spiritus vini
Gallici — m. Brown, Mistura glycyrrhizae compo-
sita — m. Calmnnte, Looch ex ovo.
MiXTiiRK, Camphor, Mistura campborae — m.
Chalk, Mistura cretre.
MfXTUliE BE CRATE, Mistura cretas — m.
of Creasote, Mistura creasoti.
Mixture, Crbtackous, Mistura cretae.
Mixture of Emetine, (emetic) Mistura erae-
tiniB vomitoria — m. de Fcr compoisee, Mistura fcrri
composita — m. de Oayac, Mistura Guaiaci.
Mixture, Griffith's, Mistura fcrri composita.
Mixture op Guaiac, Mistura Guaiaci — m. of
Gum Arabic, see Emulsio Aoaciee — in. of Harts-
born, burnt, Mistura cornu usti — m. of Iron, coin-
jiound, Mistura fcrri composita.
Mixture, Hope's. A mixture recommended
by Mr. Hope in diarrhoea and dysentery. It is
essentially a nitrate of morphia. Although the
]iroposer employed the acidum nitrosum of the
Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia, nitric acid is gene-
rally used. {Avid, niti-os. i ^y. Aqncp cainphor.
f^viij; T'uic?. o/)(/ gtt. xl. ; ^i.) Dose, a fourth
part every three or four hours.
Mixture of Liquorice, Compound, Mistura
•rlycyrrhizae composita — m. Lithnnlrijitique de
Diirrinde, see Liquor anodynus terebinthinatus —
lu. of Marsh mallows, Decootuin althasae.
Mixture, Musk, Mistura moschi — m. Xeutral,
Liquor potassae citratis — m. of Prussic acid, Mis-
tura acidi hydroeyanici.
Mixture op Scammoky, Mistura scammonii.
Mixture, Scudamore's. A mixture recom-
mended by Sir C. Scudainore in gouty and rheu-
inatic affections, and much prescribed in the
United States. Jlfagiies. »"'^)';. ,^j — ,^i.i; Aqiicn
menthfp f^x : Aceti cnlchif. f^^j — f^iss; Syrup
croci f^j ; Magiien. ^viij, M. Dose, one, two, or
three tablespoonfuls, repeated every two bours in
!i paroxysm of gout, until from four to six evacu-
ations are produced in the twenty-four hours.
MiXTiTRE OP Strychnia, Mistura strychnise —
m. de Wiiitt, see Liquor anodynus terebinthi-
natus.
MXEME. Memory.
Mnrme Crphai/icum Bal'samum. A very
compound medicine, into which entered Balm,
Lihl, lioHemnry, L'lvetider, Boraqe, Broom, Rosea,
Vioh;f, Saffron, Thyme, Sfnra.r, Gallntnum, &0.
MNEMONEUTiCE, Mnemonics.
MNEMOX'ICS, Mnemoit'ice, ifnemonen' tice,
3Incmotevhne, (/jvrjf/n. ' naemory ;' jivr^noviKOi, 'ap-
pertaining to memory. ') from nvaojim, 'I recol-
lect.' The art of aiding the memory; and of
forming, in some sort, an artificial memory,
MN'KMOTECIINB, Mnemonics.
MOANIXG, from Pax. maenan, 'to grieve."
respiration, in which the patient utters audiblo
groans, — nuiann, (F.) (liminHrtinutfi.
MOBILE, see Saint Augustine.
MORIL'ITY, Mohll'ita/:, from Hi«?/i7i>.eontrno-
tion of )»oi'i7)///«, 'tiiatcan be moved.' The jjowit
of being moved. In ])hi/Kioloiji/, great nervous
susceptibility, often joined to a disposition to con-
vulsion. Greativ developed cxcital>ility.
MOCCASIN FLOWER, Cypripedium acaulo,
C. lutciiin — in. Plant, Cyjiri[iedinm liiteum.
MOCH'LIA. Reduction of a luxated bone;
from fiox>'";, a lever.
MOtMILICUS, Purgative.
MOCHLISCUS. Lever.
MOCIILUS. Lever.
MOCHTHUS, Agony.
MOCK-KNEES, Crusta genu equina-.
MOD'ELLING PROCESS. A term proposed
by Dr. JMacartney, of Dul)lin,to signify the mode
in which wounds are healed without infliuiuiia-
tion or sui)puration, by n deposit of jiliistio
matter from the surface of the wound, by which
the gap is more rapidly tilled, — portion being laid
upon portion, without waste, after the niiiiiner of
clay in the hands of the sculptor; — hence the
term.
MODI'OLUS, 'the nave of a wheel.' /'.y^'"-
mis seu Axix seu Cohimel'hi corji'lrai. A linlluw
cone in the cochlea of the ear, f<irming a nucleus,
axis, or central pillar, round which the gyri of
the cochlea pass. The modiolus forms the inner
and larger portion of the central pillar, and is the
cavity seen at the bottom of the meatus iiiulito-
rius internus. It lodges a branch of the auditory
nerve. The central portion of the modiolus con-
tains a number of minute canals, and is ciilled in
consequence Trnctiis spim'h's foraiiiuiiilii'niiii.
Into these Ibe nerves of the coclilea enter, nnd
pass out at right angles between the bony plates
forming the zona ossea of the lamina spiralis, to
be expanded on the membranous portion of the
lamina.
Modiolus, 3faa, also means the crown of the
trepan.
MODIRA CANIRAM, Strychnos colubrina.
MO'DIUS. A dry measure, the third of an
amphora, equal to tbfi bushel. — Yarro.
MODUS OPERAN'DI, 'mode of operatins;.'
This term is applied to the general principles
upon which remedies act in morbid states of the
body; — a subject of much interest, although in-
volved in considerable obscurity.
The following classification will convey some
idea of the ways in which different organs may
be excited into action.
1. By actual or immediate contact of the remedy, and
by absorption or mediate contact.
2. By an impulse conveyeii hy the nerves, throiieh an
impression made on the stomach or elsewhere.
3. By contiguous or continuous sympalliy, or by mere
proximity or continuity of parts.
irOELLE, Marrow— ni. Alloiujee, Medulla ob-
longata— m. Epiniirc, Medulla spinalis— w. Ver-
tehrnle. Medulla spinalis.
MCENIA DENTIUM, Alveoli dentium.
MCEROR, Athymia.
MOFETTE. A/ote, see Mepbitism.
MOFFAT, MINERAL AVATERS OF. Moffnt
is a village situate about 56 miles S. W. of Edin-
burn;h. The water is a c(dd sulphureous; con-
taining, in a wine gallon. 36 grains of chloride of
sodium, 5 cubic inches of carbonic acid, 4 of azote,
and 10 of sulphohydric acid. It resembles Uar-
rowgate water in its properties.
A strong chalybeate sprmg was
diseovcre'l
tbere about the year LS28, which contains scsqui-
sulphate of peroxide of iron, sulphate of alumina,
Respira'tio litctiiu'sa, Jf^chthis'moa. A plaintive and uncombined sulphuric acid.
MOGIGRAPHIA
50 9
MOLLITIES
MOGIGRAPHIA, Cramp, writers'.
MOGIIiA'LIA, Pan, III' tin, from foyti. 'with
difliculty,' ami XaXciv, 'to ."peak.' This word is
inneciiraloly written hj' Paul Zacchias, — Molri'Hn,
nnil Molil'i'liii. Difficult or defective articulation.
Iiiiiii'diineiit of speech. See Palbutics.
jMOtiOSTOCIA, Dystocia, Laborious labour.
Mot; US. Ap.ny.
MOHAWK TASj'^EIi, Eupatorium purpureum.
MOIIRIA THURIF'RAGA. A South African
forn, Nut. Old. Filices, the dry leaves of which,
])ulveri/-cd and made into an ointment with fat,
are serviceable in burns and scalds.
MOIGNON, Stump.
MOIK, Menses.
MOISTURE, Mador. (F.) Motteiir, anciently
Wdintfiir. Simple humidity of tlie skin. The skin
is said to be mni^t or in a state of moisture, when
there is sli};ht persijiralion.
MOirEUH, Moisture.
MOLA, Maxillary bone, Mol.ar tooth, Mole,
Pa toll a.
MOUAGOCODI, Piper nigrum.
iMOLMKE, Molar.
WOLALIA, Mogilalia.
MOLAR, Mola'ris, 3fi/'licux,(¥.) Miihnre, Men-
Jierc. That which bruises or grinds : from nioln-
ris, '<a grindstone,' or viola, 'a, millstone,' (niolo,
'I grind.')
Moi.AR Glands. Two small bodies formed by
a collection of mucous cryi)ts; seated in the sub-
stance of the cheeks, between the massetcr and
buccinator muscles, and whose excretory ducts
open into the mouth opposite the last molar tooth.
Molar Tkkth, Griudern, Jaw Teeth, Jlloln'ren
perviniien'tes cleiitea, Denies molaren sen miLrilhi'-
ren seu i/oiii'plii! seu clam'lfp, 3lii/(p, Gt»iipli!<i{,
ilij'hicri, 3/i/liidoiiten, Mij'Iodi, Mimiin'ci, Liiij-
teeth, Willi 'terlh, (Prov.) Azzh teeth. Axle teeth.
Cheek teeth, Wani/ teeth, (F.) Deiitu molaiten ou
videhelieren, occupy the farther part of each al-
veolar arch. Their eoronw are broader than they
arc high : unequal; tuberculated : and the roots
are more or less subdivided. They are 20 in
number, 10 in each jaw. The first two pairs of
molar teeth in each jaw have been called lesxei-
ninliires, premo'lar or hieuxpid, Deiitex hiciixpi-
dii'ti seu hiicea'lex. The coron;x> have two tuber-
cles; tlie outer being more prominent and larger
than the inner. The root is commonly sim))le :
sometimes bifurcated. The other three pairs
have been termed, Great molarex — Deiitex miilti-
ciixpiileex (Ch.) Their coronic are cubical,
rounded, and have, at the upper surface, four or
five tubercles, separated by deep furrows. The
root is divided into two, three, four, and f\ve fangx,
wiiich are more or less curved. The third great
niolaris ajipears a long time after the others, and
henee has been called J9eii» sapien'tice or Wisdom
tooth.
JIOLASSES, Melasses.
JIOLE, 3fola, from molex, 'mass.' ififle, Ze-
phi/r'iiix fiftiiH, Germen fnlxiim, Pxeudoei/e'xix nin-
larix, Gravid'itaa moliiris. Mooncalf, old French,
Fiirdenu. A fleshy, insensible, at times, soft — at
others, hard — mass; of variable and determinate
size, which forms in the uterus, and is slightly
united by vessels to that organ ; from which its
feeliie vitality is derived. It has been conceived
by some to be always owing to imperfect concep-
tion ; but moles may form in the undoubted vir-
gin. They seem to be owing to a morbid pro-
cess: and certainty are generally connected'with
conception. At times, they contain parts of the
foetus: but commonly do not. At very different
periods, in ditlVrent women, the diseased mass is
expelled from the uterus, with ordinary symp-
toms of ubortiou ; ana the ease requires similar
management. See, also, Nasvus, and Conception,
(false.)
MOLE PLANT, Euphorbia lathyris.
MOLECULAR, Jl/o/eeida'rix. Of or belong,
ing to molecules or minute portions of any thing.
Hence molecular death, in contradistinction to
somatic death.
MOL'ECULE, Molec'nla, Mniss'nJa ; diminu-
tive oi moles, 'a mass.' A minute portion cf any
body. Also, the eientrie'ida, ma'ciila, (jtillnlii'yi',
(jelal'inoiiH tiioleeiile, tread of the coek, or embryo
part of the imj)regnated ovum, observable by tlie
microscope before the ovum has left the ovarium
of the hen. It lies under the epidermic coals o*"
the yelk, and upon its proper coat. If the o\iuii,
according to Valentin, be lacerated and its coi-
tents minutely examined, the cicatricula is found
like a grayish white disk, which in its whole iir--
riphery is dense, granulous, and ojiake; but in
the centre presents a clear, nongranulons, ai;d
perfectly diaphanous point. Purkinje found, tbi't,
when he removed the dark granulous mass by
suction with a small tube, there remained a per-
fectly transparent vesicle filled with a pellucid
lymph, which had a decidedly spherical form,
hut, licing extremely delicate, was easily lacera-
ted, and then its fluid escaped. As he found this,
which later naturalists have named— after its di;^-
eoverer — the Pnrhin' jean res'iele, in the ova <if the
ovary, but could not see it in ova, which had al-
ready entered the oviduct, be gave it the name
fjermiiial vesicle, or germ cell, resic'iila prolif'ern
seu (/eriiiiiiati'ra, (F.) Vesioile i/ermiiiative. Bv-
sides a perfectly colourless fluid, this contains one
or more dark corpuscles, which appear as a nu-
cleus through the including membrane in tie
shape of opake spots — the germinal spot, vmc'iiln
r/erminati'ra seu ger'iniuans, nu'clciis i/ermiiiati'-
riis. Jllastn-car'dia, Cor'cnhim r/er'minis, (F.)
Tache (/erminatire. The granulous membrane-
its thickened portion, the so-called 'cicatricula.'
— and the germinal vesicle, constitute those pans
of the orum which pass immediately into the
original foundation of the embryo, the IhiKtoder-
ma or germinal memhrinie, vesic'iila hlastodermot'-
ica, blastoder'mic vesicle.
Moi.KOtiLE, Gelatinoits, Molecule.
MOLENE, Yerbascum nigrum.
MOLES GANGLIFORMIS, Ganglion of
Gasser.
MOLTPDrS, Plumbum.
MOLILALIA, Mogilalia.
MOLI'MEN, pi. Moi.im'ina, from molior, 'to
move or stir,' An attempt, a struggle. Hence:
Moi.iMEN Crit'ici'M. An impulsion towards
a sudden solution or crisis of a disease.
Moi.iMKN H.EMonTinAo"icuM. The hemor-
rhagic diathesis or impulsion.
Moi.iMEN H^omorhiioiba'le. The hemorrhoi-
dal diathesis or impulsion. See Ilamorrhois.
MoLiMEN Men.strha'le. The menstrual dia-
thesis or impulsion.
Moi.iMEN Nati'r^ Salutapium, Instinct.
MOLKENKUP, Whey cure.
MOLLESCENCE, Mollities.
jVOLLET. Sura.
MOLLl PUFFS. Lycoperdon.
MOLLIS MATER, Pia mater.
MOLLIT"IES, Molles'cenee, Mnlacis'mns, Mol-
lit"ia, Mollitii'do. Emollit"ie«, E. mnrho'sa. Jfol-
litio. Malax'is, Mohico'sis, Malthax'is, (F.) Pa-
7nollisscment ; (Vr.) Malakien (Fuchs); from
mollis, 'soft.' Preternatural softness of an organ
or part of an organ.
Moi.LTTlES ClCIt'r.BRI. Malaco'sis Cer'ehri, En-
cephalomala'cia, Ence}ihalomala.r' is. Aecreiiceph'-
ahis (W. Farr). Ccrehromala'cia, Enrephalosej,'-
ais, JJulles'ceiice or softening or a kind of liqite-
MOLLITIO
600
MONEYWORT
faction nf the cerebral siihstctnce ; the remnimler
jiret^erving its ordinary consistency. (F.) Rumol-
lisseutent (in cerveau. The nciirine often contains
small clots of blood, giving rise to what has been
termed Apnplcxie copiUnire, (Cruveilhier.) The
symptoms denoting it are equivociil.
MoLLiTiKS Connis, Cardiomalacia.
Moi.LiTiKS Mediil'LvE Spina'lis, 3[yelomala' -
ri'rt, (F.) RdmnUiHsement de la Muelle Epiniere.
Softening of the spinal marrow.
MoLLiriES Os'siUH, Jfalncosteo'sis, Jlalacos'-
teoi), Ein<>Uit"ies oa'sium, Paros'tia flex'ilia, Os-
teoninlaco'sin, Osteoni<da'citi, Rachi'tis seu Ra-
chi'tis adiilto'rnin, Spina veiitu'sa (of some), Soft'
cninijf of the hones, (P.) Oiteo-malacie, Onteo-ma-
htxie, Otteo-tiialalcie, RnmoUissement des o8. A
rare affection, in which the bones are deprived of
their salts, particularly of the phosphate of lime,
and consist only, or mainly, of gelatin ; hence
they acquire a degree of suppleness which ren-
ders them unfit for the performance of their func-
tions. The disease generally affects all the
bones; but it is especially remarkable during life
in the long bones, which assume any curvature
that may be wished. Very violent pain is often
experienced in them ; and the urine frequently
contains an enormous proportion of calcareous
phosphate. The patient is compelled to remain
in the horizontal posture ; the bones no longer
being fixed points for the muscles to act upon.
The disease has, hitherto, always terminated
fatally, and dissection has exhibited the gelati-
nous nature of the bones ; which, by desiccation,
have become transparent, as if they had been ma-
cerated in acid.
Experience has afforded no means of relief in
this dreadful affliction. The alkaline salts, earthy
phosphates, Ac. are of little or no use.
MOLLITIO. Mollities.
MOLLITUDO, Mollities.
MOLLUS'CUM, Athero'mn, Ochthi'aeis. A
cutaneous affection, so called in consequence of
its resemblance to certain molluscous animals.
It consists of numerous tumours, varying in size
from that of a pea to that of a pigeon's egg, filled
with an atheromatous matter, which are de-
veloped in the substance of the derma, and are
of various shapes, some having a large base, —
others adherent by means of a pedicle.
IloJluscnm contagiu'sum, (F.) Acne mollnsco'ide,
a singular variety, is characterized by the pre-
sence of hard, round, tubercles, which are smooth
and transparent, and when pressed, pour out from
nn orifice in their summits a little opake or milkj'
fluid.
The disease is probably seated in the sebaceous
follicles.
If internal treatment be adopted at Jill, it must
consist of eutrophics, as arsenic, iodine, Ac. The
external treatment consists in the employment of
measures calculated to excite the tubercles to in-
flammation, fis by touching them with potassa.
MO LOG HE, Malva rotundifolia.
MOLOPER. Vibiees.
MOLYBDiENUM MAGNESII, Manganese,
black oxide of.
MOLYBDOCACHEXIA, Saturnisraus.
MOLYBDOCOLICA, Colica metallica.
MOLYBDONOSllS, Lead-poisoning.
MOLYBDOPARBSIS, Palsy, lead.
MOLYBDOS. Plumbum.
MOLYBDOSIS, Lead-poisoning.
MOLYNE, Anus.
MOLYNSIS, Miasma.
MOMfE, Mummy.
MOM IN, xMamei.
MOMISCI, Molar teeth.
MOMOR'DICA, M. Bahnvii'nn, from mordeo,
momordif vioreum, ' to bite,' JJakami'na, Nevro-
Hper'ma ctmpida'ta, llalni-npple, lialmim npvfe,
(F.) Ihdxamiiie, I'lmnne de merveiUe. Ord. Cu-
curbitacea;. The fruit of this oriental tree,
J'vnntni mirah'ile seu hieronoli/niitti'nuni, was for-
merly considered vulnerary.
MoMouiiicA Asi'EHA, M. Elaterium.
Momou'dica Elatk'riUiM : J\/. on'pera, Elate'-
rium, Echa'lia Elatc'ritim, Ecbaliiim offiviiui'.
rum seu aijreete seu cordifo'/inm, Vit'ciiniia
agres'tia seu aaini'nus seu 8i/lvc»'tri«, Cha-
ran'tia, Bouha'lioa, Giiarerba orba, Evbol'itnn
elate'rinm, Wild, Sipiirtinij, or Amea' cu'tumber,
(F.) Concondtre Sauvaye, Moniordiipie. Nat,
Order, Cucurbitaceaj. The dried sediuu'ul from
the juice is the elaterium of the shops. (Seo
Extractum Elaterii.) It is a most powerful ca-
thartic, and, as such, has been used in dropsies.
Its active prineiiile is the Elatin, Elaterin or
Elaterium. Dose, gr. J to gr. j. until it operates.
310M0RDIQUE, Momordica elaterium.
MONAD, from /<uvuj, liovaios, 'unity.' A sim-
ple particle, or atom, or unit. — Leibnitz. The
smallest of all visible animalcules. A primary
cell or germ.
MON^, Nates.
MONAR'DA, 3f. did'ijma seu coccin'ea seu
piirpu'rea seu K(dniin'na, Scarlet Jione bnliii,
jVoiintain mint, Oawe'go Tea, JJountaIn Jialm,
Huraemint, Square stalk. Red halm; a bciiutiful
indigenous plant. Sex. Si/nt. Diandria Monogyniii.
Nat. Ord. Labiatas, having the excitant proper-
ties of Monarda punctata.
Monahda Allophylla, M. fistulosa — m. Cli-
nopodia, M. fistulosa — m. Coccinea, Monarda —
m. Didyma, Monarda.
Monau'da FiSTULo'sa, J/", rngo'aa and ohlon-
ga'ta ; j\f. clinopod'ia seu allophijl'lu, Wilrl her-
gamot, Horaernint. The leaves have a fni^rnnt
smell; and an aromatic, somewhat bitter tiiste.
They are reputed to be nervine, stomachic, and
deobstruent [?].
Monarda Kalmiana, Monarda — m. Oblongata,
M. fistulosa.
Monaii'da Puncta'ta, Horaernint. Indigenous
in the United States. Stimulant and carmina-
tive. The Oleum monardcB is officinal in the
United States.
MoNARD/V Purpurea, Monarda — m. Riigosa,
M. fistulosa.
310NDER (F.), from mnndna, 'cleanly.' To
render clean or pure. In Phannaci/, it means to
separate any substance from its impure or useless
portion. In surgery, niiinder ou mondijier uue
jMiie, is to clean or deterge a wound.
3I0NDIFIGA riFS, Detergents.
310NDIFIER UNE PLAIE, see Monder.
MONE'MERON, Jlonoe'meron, jUonoht'mernn ,•
from fiovos, 'one,' and 'jj/jtiia. 'a day.' A name
given to several coUyria, which were supposed to
be capable of curing diseases of the eyes in a day.
MONENTERUM, Colon.
MONE'SIA. A vegetable extract imported into
Europe from South America, in hard, thick cakes.
It is prepared from the bark of a tree, whose bo-
tanical name is uncertain — probably Chrt/nophyt'-
lum glycyphla'um. seu Biiranhem, Jhtrindiem,
Ouaranheni ; Ord. Sapotacem. It is very friable,
and its fracture very much resembles that of a
well-torrefi&d cocoanut. It .is wholly soluble in
water; and its taste — which is at first sweet lilio
liquorice — sometimes becomes astringent. It is
on account of its astringent properties that it has
been prescribed in chronic bronchitis, ha;mo-
ptysis, diarrhoea, leucorrhooa, uterine hemorrhage,
<fcc. It has been applied locally, in the form of
ointment, {Monea. p. 1, Adipia, p. vij).
The dose of Monesia is from 12 to 40 grains a
day.
MONEYWORT, Lysimachia nummularia.
MONGOLIAN
601
MONSTER
MONflO'LTAN. Anthropologists give the name
}l<)U'j'>liiiii race to a variety of tin.' human specie?,
fpreiiil over a frreat i)art of the north of Asia, in
China, India, Tiiil)et, the Molucca?, &c. The in-
diviiliiais composing it have the skin of a brown
reil, foroiicad flat, nose broad, cheeks prominent,
and lips lar>;e. See Homo.
MOX(;i{KL, Hybrid.
iMnNIl'LlES, Omasum.
JHJXISM, Monin'miiH ; from fiovai, 'unity.'
The doctrine, which declares matter and mind to
be identical.
MONK PHYSrCrANS AND SURGEONS. A
class of practitioners of whom Frore Cosine and
Jac(|ucs Ik-aulieu in France, and Pravetz in Ger-
many, were the most distinguished.
MONKSHOOD, Aconitum — m. Common, Aco-
nitutn napeiius — m. Salutary, Aconitum anthora
— in. Wild, Aconitum uncinatutn.
MO.NNI'NA POLYSTA'CHIA. A beautiful
South American plant. Nut. Oid. Polygale*.
iS'ea-. ^!i«t. Diadelphia Octandria. The bark of
tlie root is a powerful astringent, and much used
in South America in diseases of the bowels.
MOXNYPLIKS, Omasum.
MO.XOBLEP'SIS, from monoH, and P\c^ii.
'.sight.' An affection in which vision is confused,
imperfect, and indistinct, when both eyes are em-
|)loycd ; hut perfect or nearly so, when either eye
is used singly.
MON OC.VR'PiE, from monns, and Kapno;,
'fruit.' A division of cutaneous affections, of the
fiiiiiily of Eczema tnsen, of Fuchs, which in-
cludes strojiluilus, psydr:icia, and ecthyma.
MONOCt:PH'AHJS, from >iio„ok, and Kc<l,a\r„
'head.' A compound monster having two bodies
with a sinsrle head.
iMOXOCOLON, C.xcum, Rectum.
MOXOCHA'NUS, from vioims, and Kpavov, Kpa-
vioK, 'cranium.' A monster with one cranium,
but with the face in part double. — Gurlt.
MON'OCULUM, Ca3cum.
MOXOC'ULUS, Mon'ode, Monopltthal'mm,
Uiii(ic'iiln», Uiioc'uIks, from monon, and oculim,
'an eye.' A bandage employed to maintain
topical applications over one of the eyes. This
haiubige, called by some .surgeons Simplex or'ii-
lim, (¥.) (Ell iiliiiple, is made of a roller three or
four ells long, rolled into a single ball. See
Cyclops.
MOXODIPLO'PIA, from (^itXou?, ' double,' and
ui/', 'eve' Double vision with one eye.
MOXOFM KROX, Moncmcron.
MOXOGAS'TRIC. Monoj/nfi'tririix, from mnnos,
and yucTiip, 'stomach.' Tliat which has but one
stomach. Man \s moitoi/nntrlc ,• ruminating ani-
mals, on the contrary, are pn/i/rfaiitric.
MOXO(}KNY. see Generation.
MOX'OGRAPH, MED'ICAL, Mono^jraph'ia
med'icn, from monnn, and ypn<pri, 'description.'
An e.i' profens,) treatise on a single class of dis-
eases, or on a single ilisease.
MOXOHE.MERON. Monemeron.
MOXOMACHOX, Caicum.
MOXO.MACUM, Ciijcum.
MOXOMANIA, see Melancholy — m. Homi-
cidal, Homicidal insanity — m. Incendiary, Pyro-
luania.
MOXOMA'NIAC, Monnmnni'acHa, (F.) Mono-
mane, Moiiotintiiiiiqiie, from monon, and /iavta,
'mania.' One who labours under monomania, or
insanilv on one subject.
MOXOMAXIB, Melancholy — m. Homicide,
Ilnniicidal insanitv.
MOXO.MMATOS. Cvclops.
MOXOMOKIA. see Melancholy.
AIOXOM'PHAHiS, from monon, and oit<tia\ot,
'a nave!.' A monster produced by the union of
two bodies having a common umbilicus. Such a
double monster is called by I. G. St. HOairo
Moiioviphii'llnn. (F.) Jfonojjiphtilien.
MOXOPAGIA, Clavu? hystericus, Ilcmicrania.
MONOP'ATHY, Mom.pnthi'u, from moiios,
and vu&oi, 'disorder.' A state in which ono
organ or function is disordered. Applied to me-
lancholy or monomania; which is said to be a
monopathic affection.
MONOPE(iIA. Clavus hystericus, Ilemicrania.
MONOPHTHALMUS, Cyclops, Monoculus.
MONOPLAS'TIC, Monoplui'ticus, from mono-,,
and -nhiaaij), 'I form.' That which has one form.
A 7iionop/riHtic element, in histology is one which
retains its primary form. — Gerber.
MONOPODIA,' Svmpodia.
MONOPS, Cyclops.
MONOPSIA, Cyclopia.
MONOPUS. Symmeles.
MONOR'CHIS, (F.) Monorchide, from movoi,
and npxn, op)(_iSus, 'testicle.' One who has only
one testicle.
MONOS, fiovof, one alone; as in
MONOS'CELUS, from moiios, and a/ceXos, 'a
leg.' Ono legged.
MONOSI'TIA, from' monos, and citos, 'food,'
'repast.' The habit of taking only one meal in
the day.
MONOSO'MTAN, (P.) Monosnmien, from monof,,
and auixu, 'a body.' An epithet ap()lied to a
double monster, which seems, in the first instance,
to have had but one body.
MONOT'ROPA UNIFLO'RA, (monon, and
rpoKoi, 'a turn,' the solitary flower turned to one
side,) Indian pipe, /replant, Pipi-j,l,nit, Xest
root, Fit root. Ord. Ericaceae. An indigenous
plant, whose juice. nii.\ed with water, has been
extolled by the Indians in ophthalmia. The dried
root in powder has been given in epilepsy and
nervous diseases.
MONS VEN'ERIS, 3foi,tic',dn8 Ven'eris,
('Mount of Venus,') Ephehe'um, (F.) Mont de
Veniif), Penil, Motle, Eminence niin-jinhieune. The
more or less projecting eminence, situate at the
base of the hypogastriuin, above the vulva and
in front of the os pubis. At the period of puberty
it becomes covered with hair, formerly called
Trennn' ria.
MONSO'NIA OVA'TA, K,ita, of the Hotten-
tots. A plant of the Nat. Ord. Geraniace.ip, which
grows at the Cape of Good Hope. The root and
herb are very astringent, and are used success-
! fully in dysentery.
MONSTER, Monxirnm, ('anything strange.')
Porten'tnm, Trras, Pelor, Pelo'r'ia, Pein' riiim^Pe-
lo'rnm, (F.) Monntre. Any organized being, hav-
ing an extraordinary vice of conformatiop, or a
preternatural perversion of every part, or of cer-
tain parts only.
The following classification embraces the main
varieties of malformations — 17^/fi primes con-
formationin. — 1. Those in which certain parts of
the normal body are absent or defective — monstra
de/ieientia, constituting Erlrotfeny (Sorres), —
J/onxtroniti/ hi/ defect. (F.) Anomalie on .Vonxtrn-
onite par defant, A<)enfsie. 2. Those produced by
fusion or coalition of organs — conlltlo partinm,
ni/mphi/nin. .S. Those, in which parts, united in
the normal state, are separated from ejich other —
cle/tn, finniiren. 4. Those in which normal open-
ings are occluded — ntrenia. 5. Those by excels,
or in which certain parts have a disproportionate
size — moiiHtra nhiindantio, Monntron'ity ht/ excesn,
(F. ) MiinHtruonile par excen, Hiipergfiienie. 6.
Those, in which one or more parts have an ab-
normal position — nitnn mutatnit. 7. Those affect-
ing the sexual organs — hermnphroditium ; and
to these " true malformations" Vogel adds 8.
Diseases of the foetus, and abnormal states of ita
envelopes.
MONSTERS
602
MORBUS
Amongst the numerous hypotlicses entertained
on the origin or cause of monsters, or of monstro-
sity— tentto'sis, moiintron'ilai, (F.) tiionstrwisi'te, as
the state lias been called — three only are worth
mentioning. They have been atrributed, 1. To
the influenee of the maternal imagination on the
ftKtus in utero. 2. To accidental changes, expe-
rienced by the foetus at some period of its uterine
existence : and 3. To a primitive defect in the
germs. The second seems to be the only one
that is philusophioal.
As a medico-legal question, monsters, if capable
of action as individuals, have the same rights as
other persons.
MONSTERS. COMPOUND, see Unitaire—m.
Double, see Diphnienesis — m. Triplet, see Triplet.
MONSTRA AiUINDANTIA, see Monster —
in. Deficientia, see Monster — m. Trigemina, see
Triplet — m. Triplica, see Triplet.
J/OMSTRE, Monster — m. Compose, sec Uiii-
talie — III. (hi ltd! re, see Uiiitaire.
MONSTROSITAS, see Monster.
MONSTROSITY, see Monster— m. by Defect,
see Monster — m. by Excess, see Monster.
MONSTRUM, Monster.
MONSTIIUOSITE, see Monster — m. par
Befnitt, see Monster — in. par Excel, see Monster.
MO.Vr n/'J VEiVfrS. Mons Veneris.
MOXTBRISON, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Montbrison is a town in France, in the depart-
ment of the Loire, fifteen leagues from Lyons.
There are three cold springs here, which are
highly acidulous, and used as refrigerants and
aperients.
MONT-DE-MARSAN, MINERAL WATERS
OF. Mont-de-Marsan is a small French town,
10 leagues from Dax : where there is a chalybeate
Bprin^. somewhat frequented.
MONT-D'OR. MINERAL WATERS OF.
Mont-d'Or is a village seven lea^'ues from Cler-
mont, (Puy-de-l)ome,) at which are several mine-
ral springs, cold and thermal. Those of the
Fountain Ln jlfadchtiiie, and of the Great Bnih,
■ire thermal, temp. 112° Fahr., and contains car-
bonic acid, subcarbonate and sulphate of soda,
chloride of sodium, subcarbonate of lime and
magnesia, alumine and oxide of iron. Those of
St. JIargaret are cold, and contain much carbonic
acid.
MONTECATI'NI, MINERAL WATERS OF.
This town is situate near Borgo-Bugn;iano, in
Tuscany. The springs are thermal; ranging from
78° to 118° Fahrenheit.
MONTHLY COURSES, Menses— m. Illness,
eee Menses — m. Periods, Menses.
MONTICULUS CEREBELLI, see Vermiform
processes of the Cerebellum — m. Veneris, Mons
veneris.
MONTPELL'IER, CLIMATE OF. This seat
of a celebrated medical school in the S. E. of
France was at one time renowned for its climate,
and especially in regard to its adajitation to con-
sumptive eases. This is now exploded, and it is
at present esteemed an unfit residence for them.
The climate possesses the general characters of
that of south-eastern France — being dry, hot, and
irritating; subject to frequent vicissitudes, and
especially to blasts of keen, cold, northerly winds.
It is, indeed, most injurious in pulmonary dis-
eases.
MOON, Luiia, Selene, Meiie, Sax. Mona, (O.)
Mond, (F. ) Lime. The mnon has been supposed
to exert considerable influence over the human
body, in health and disease. Such influence has
been grossly exaggerated. Not many years ago,
it would have been heretical to doubt the exacer-
bation of mania iit tlie full of the mocm : yet it
i& now satisfactorily shown, that if the light be
excluded at this period, the lunatic is not excited
more than ordinarily.
IMOONED.Limaiic.
MOONSTRUCK, Lunatic.
MOONCALF. Mole.
MO()RBi;iUtY, Vaccinium nxrcoccos.
MOORfiRASS, Potcntilla an.serina.
MOORSHEAI), Alembic.
MOOR WORT, BROAD-LEAVED, Andromeda
mariana.
MOOSEWOOD, Direa palustris.
MOPHETA. see Mcphitism.
jMORIiEUX, Morbid.
MORBI, see Morbus — m. Acqnisiti, Acquired
diseases — m. Acuti, see Acute — m. Advenlitii,
Acquired diseases — m. Annivcrsarii, Anmial (lis.
eases — m. Annul, Annual diseases — tu. Astlicnici,
Adynamiae — m. Celati, Feigned diseases — m.
Chronici, Chronic diseases — m. Coi;nali, Inniilo
diseases — m. Coniplicati, see Comiilicaticjii, Jm-
pliciti movbi — m. Congeniti, Innate diseases — ni.
Connati, Connate diseases — m. Connexi, Cmi-
juncti inorbi — m. Consequentes, Conjunct! morbi
— tn. Constrictorii, see Spasnioficiis — m. Derma-
todes, see Dermatoid — m. Dispersi, Sjioradic dis.
eases — ni. Dissimulati, Feigned diseases — m.
Epicteti, Acquired diseases — m. Evolutionis, see
Development — m. Ilereditarii, Hereditary dis-
eases — m. Homoedri, see Uonioedrus — ni. Infi-
tiati, Feigned diseases — ni. Iiiterni. Internal dis-
eases— m. Melancholici, see Mercurial — ni. Mer-
curiales, see Mercurial — m. Nervosi, Nervous
diseases — m. Occulti, see Latent — in. Olfactfls,
Osmonosi — m. Perplexi, see Complication — in.
Pseiidalei, Feigned diseases — ni. Reciiliva, Pie-
lapse — m. llecursus, Palindromia — in. Sexuales,
see Sexual — m. Sexfis, Oenonusi — in. Simulati,
Feigned diseases — in. Sparsi, Sporadic disease?
— in. Spasmotici, see Spasmoticus — m. Rtibacute,
see Acute — ra. Tactfls, Haphonosi- — lu. Tropici,
Troponusi.
MORBID, Mor'hidna, Iforhn'min. Palhie, Path',
icfil, P(tth'iciifi,(F.) Hforheii.r, Morhide ; from wnr-
hiii, 'a disease.' Diseased, or relating to disease.
MoifBtn Anatomy, see Anatomv.
MORBIF'IC, 3forhi/'ieiiK, (F.) Morlifique ;
from morhiin, 'a disease,' and fncerc, 'to make.'
Causing or producing disease — as morbific ema-
nations.
MORBTLITY. Disease.
jVOPIilLLErX. Morbillous.
MORBILLI, Rubeola- m. Confluentes, Scar-
latina— ni. Ignei, Scarlatina.
MORBILLOSUS, Morbillous.
MORBILLOUS, 3forhillo'nns, Jfeaxh/, fF.)
3forl)i/!eii.r, from morhilli, 'rubeola or measles.'
Affected or connected with measles.
MORBOSUS. Sickly.
MORBULENT, Sickly.
MORBUS, Disease, see Morbi — m. Ainpiil-
laceous. Pemphigus — m. Anglicus, Phthisis, Ra-
chitis— m. Aphrodisius. Syphilis — m. Arcnatus,
Icterus — m. Arietis, Influenza — m. Ar(|untiis,
Icterus — m. Articularis, Gout— ra. Astralis, Epi-
lepsy— m. Attonitus, Apoplexy — m. a. Celsi, Cata-
lepsy—m. Brightii. Kidney, Bright's disease of
the — m. Bullosus, Pem)diigus — m. Cadiicns
Epilepsy — m. Civruleus, Cyanopathy — m. Cal-
culi, Lithia — m. Cardiacus, Cardialgia — m. Ca-
tarrhalis. Influenza — m. Catoxys, see Catoxys —
m. Cerealis, Ersrotism — m. Cerebralis Whyttii,
Hydrocephalus Tnternus — m. Cirrhonun, Plica
— in. Cneliacus. Creliac flux — m. Coniitialis, Epi-
lepsy— in. Cordis, Cardionosus — in. Coslalis,
Pleuritis — m. Coxarius, Coxarum morbus — in.
Croatus. Scherlievo — m. Cuculhiris, PcrtusMs —
in. Cucullus, Pertus-is — m. Cystophlcginaticui-,
Cystirrhona — m. Da^moniacus, Epilepsy — w. Dae-
monius, Epilepsy — m. Deificus, Epilepsy — m-
MORCEA UDUDIABLE
603
MOROTROTHIUM
Pissolutns, D}'i>cntory — in. Divinus, Epilepsy —
III. Uoiniiiorum, (iout — m. Endemius, Erideuiic
— in. E|)ideiiiiciis, Epidemy — m. Epidemicu.s gut-
turis Fciresti, Scjirlatina — in. Erudituruin, Ilypo-
chuiKlriii.sis-in. Exlrinsecus, External disease —
ni. Farciininosus, see Equinia — in. Fehrilis, Pyre-
ticosis — 111. Eellifluus, Cholera — in. Flatuosu.s,
llypoelioiidriasis — ui. Fluiiiiniensis, Scherlievo —
m. Fa'<liis, Epilepsy — in. Frigidiis, Atrophy — tn.
(Jallicus, Syphilis — m. (Jesticulutorius, Chorea —
III. (iranulosus rcnum, Kidney, l!ri};ht's disease
of tiic — in. Gravis, see Serious — m. Jlaemorrhoi-
d:ilis, llaiinorrhois — in. Ileracleus, Epilepsy — m.
Ilerciileus, p]pilepsy — in. Ilispanicus, Syphilis —
111. llydrojihobieus, Ilydroiiliobia — in. Hypochon-
driiicus, Hypochondriasis — in. Hystericus, IIj's-
teria — in. Iiliopathicus, Idiopathia — m. Indicus,
Syphilis — in. Interlunis, Epilepsy — in. Ischiadi-
CU8, Neuralgia femoro-poplitaua — ni. Italicus,
Syphilis — in. .Jecinoris, Hepatitis — in. Lascivus,
Chorea — m. Lateralis, Pleuritis — m. Lazari, Ele-
jihantiasis — ni. Leseoli, Icterus — in. Lunatieus,
i'lpilepsy — in. Luteolus, Icterus — m. Maculosus
liiumorriia^^icus Werlhofii, Purpura bajinorrhagi-
ea — III. Magnus, Efiilepsy — in. Major, Epilepsy
— in. Mensalis, Epilepsy — in. Mercurialis, Ecze-
ma inercuriale, Hydrargyriasis — in. Metallieus,
Colic, metallic — in. Mucosas, Fever, adeno-
mcningeal — in. Nauticus, Nausea marina — m.
Neiipolitanus, Sypiiiiis — in. Niger, Melwna — in.
Originalis, Idiopathia — m. Oesophagi, /Esopha-
gopiithia — in. Oryzeus, Cholera — in. Pallidus,
Chlorosis — in. Pancoenus, Pandeinio — in. Parthe-
nitis, Chlorosis — in. Paiideinius, Pandemic — lu.
Pedicularis, Phtheiriasis — ni. Peracutus, see Ca-
toxys — in. Phoeniccus, Elephantiasis — m. Pilaris,
Trichiasis — in. Plcuriticus. Pleuritis — in. Plura-
hous, Lead-poisoning — in. I'orcinus, Essera — in.
Popularis, Epilepsy — m. Priniarius, Idiopathia —
m. Proprius, Idiopathia — in. Protopathicus, Idio-
pathia— m. Proteiforinis, .see Proteiforinis — m.
Psoadicus, Lumbar abscess — m. Publicus, Epi-
demy— in. Puerilis, Epilepsy — in. Pulieularis,
Typhus gravior — m. Pustulosus Finnicus, see
Anthrax— m. Ilecidivus, Relapse — in. Kecidivus,
Piilindroinia — in. Regionalis, Endemic — m. Re-
gius, Icterus — in. Resiccatorius, Hypochondriasis
— in. Ructuosus, Hypochondriasis — m. Ructuo-
pus, see Eructation — in. Sacer, Epilepsy — m. Sal-
tatorius, Chorea — in. Sancti Joannis, Epilepsy —
m. Sancti Valentini, Epilepsy — ^m. Scarlatinosus,
Scarlatina — m. Scelestus, Epilepsy — m. Scrophu-
losus, Scrofula — in. Secundarius, Deuteropathia
— m. Selcniacus, Ejiilepsy — in. Sideratus, Epi-
lepsy— m. Silesiacus, Raphania — in. Simplex,
IIaplo|)athia — m. Solstitialis, Cotip-de-Soleil — m.
Sonticus, Epilepsy — m. Spasinodicus malignus
scu popularis, Raphania — in. Strangulatorius,
Cynanche trachcalis — in. Sudatorius, Sudor An-
gliciis — m. Truculentus infantum, Cynanche
trachealis — m. Tuberculosus, see Tubercle and
Tubercular cachexia — m. llngaricus, Fever,
Ilungaric — in. Venninosus. Helinintliiasis — ni.
Veniaculiis, Endemic — m. Vcrvecinus, Influenza
— m. Vesicularis, Pemphigus — in. Virgineus,
Chlorosis — in. Viridellus, Epilepsy — m. Vitrio-
latus. Epilepsy — tn. Vocis, Phouonosus — m.
Vulpis, Alopecia.
MOHCEAU DU DTABLE, see Tuba Fallo-
piana — n>. Frniifje, see Tuba Fallopiana.
MOItCELLEM ENT (F.), 'Dividing into
pieces.' A mode adopted by M. Maisonneuve for
removing successfully a large Dbrous tumour of
the neck.
MORCIIELL'A ESCULEN'TA, Phn/hts escu-
leii'lim, Ilelrell'a escii/eii'ta, FnttguK fagino'Kus,
Jferii'fiiiH, Common J/oreU, (F.) Jfori/'e. Nat.
Order, Fungi. A fungus, which is esteemed a
lu.vury, entering into ragouts and other dishes,
or cooked itself between slices of bacon. It tns
been considered to be aphrodisiac.
MOR'DICANT. Mor'dicam, ddor vwr'dfcnve,
from mordeo, 'I bite.' A morbid heat, causing
a disagreeable pungent sensation in the fingers
of the physician.
MORDICES, Teeth : see Tooth.
MORE A, Morns nigra.
MORELL, COMMON, Morchella esculenta.
JJ QUELLE, Boletus esculentus — m. d Fnn't
noir, Solanum — m. FiiiieuHe, Atropa belladonna
— m. eii Griippes, Phyt(dacca decandra — m. Uiiut-
piaite, Solanum dulcamara.
MORETARIUM, Mortar.
MORE'TUM. A kind of salad, with the an-
cient Romans, made of garlic, parsley, vinegar,
oil, Ac.
MORE'TUS, from mortim, 'the mulberry.'
Ancient name of a cordial julep, into the compo-
sition of which the syrup of mulberries entered.
— Schroder.
MORGAGN'I, HUMOUR OF, Humor Mor-
gagnin'miis, (F.) Humenr de Jforgrigiii. A pecu-
liar, transparent, slightly-viscid fluid, found be-
tween the crystalline and its capsule.
MORGELINE, Alsine media.
3IUHGUE (F.). A dead-home, in Fr.nnce,
wherein persons, found dead, are exposed with
the view of being recognised by their friends —
Necrocomi'ini), Neerodochi'um, Nrcron'toa.
MORI SUCCUS, see Morus nigra.
MORIA, Idiotism — m. Bemetis, Idiotisin, De-
mentia— m. Deinens lereina, see Dementia — m.
Imbecilis amnesia. Amnesia.
MORIBUND, Psychorages.
3I0RILLE, Morchella esculenta.
MORINGA APTERA, see Guilandina mo-
ringa — m. Nux Ben, Guilandina moringa. — in.
Oleifera, Guilandina moringa — m. Pterygospernia,
Guilandina moringa — m. Zeylanica, Guilandina
moringa.
MORION, Genital organ. Penis.
MORIOPLAS'TICE, Chirur'rpa cnrtn'nnn sea
Ai\n))l(iH'ticn, Rcstitit'tio onjnn'ien seu pai'liiim
deperditd'rum, I'rtuisplfiiita'tio, Aulopldx'tire, Clii-
rnr'r/ia plas'tica, Ann plan' tic Sxryery, Aiitojilns'ti/,
Autoplrmtic or Plastic Surgery, from iiv^iov, "a
part,' and TrAacrnicof, 'forming.' The restoration
of lost parts. The operations for this purpose
have various names, according to the part con-
cerned, as Cheiloplantice, Ceratoplastice, J'hlito-
p/iintiee, (fee.
MORNING GLORY, BLUE, Convolvulus nil.
MORO, from momm, 'a mulberry:' — Mortim,
(F.) Mure. A small abscess resembling a mul-
berry. A small tumour, of a similar appearance,
particularly on the genital organs after impure
coition.
MOROCH'THUS, Moroch'tnx, Morodii'tex, Me-
roehi'tes, Meroc'ten, Galax'ia, Lericogrnph' in, (E .)
Pierre au laif, Milk stone. An Egyptian stone,
used by the ancients as an application to the in-
tertrigo of children : probably a variety of fuller's
earth, inasmuch as it appears to have been used
by fullers.
MOROCHITES, Morochthus.
MOROCHTUS. Morochthus.
MOROCOxMIUM. Morotrophium.
MORODOCHIUM, Morotrophium.
MOROSIS, Fatuitas, Idiotism.
MOROSITA'TES, (moro'stm, 'morose,' 'peev-
ish,' 'fretful,') from /iwpin, and /iwowo-if, 'stiiid-
dity.' A generic name given bj' LinniBiis to an
order of VesaniiB, in which he included pica,
bulimia, poh'dipsia, antipathi.i, nostalgia, pano-
phobia, satyriasis, nj'mpbomania, tarentismus,
and hydropliobi.q.
MOROTROPHIUM, 2Iorocomi'um, Jlorodo-
MORPH.EA
604 MORTALITY
chi'um, Mnnicocomi'um, from (iiifio^, 'fatuous,' and
rpoiprj, 'suiiport.' An insaue e^lnbl ithtiient, lunntic
usijlnm, mod-house, Bedlam, (F.) Hopital des funs,
Maifioii petite.
MORPIIiEA, Morphew — m. Alba, Lepra al-
phoides — in. Nigra, Lepra nigricans.
MORPUKE, Morphew.
MORPHEW, Jforphff'a, (F.) Morphee. A term
vaguelj' applied to scurfy eruptions on the face.
Mitiph(B<i was formerly applied to squamous dis-
eases in general.
MORPHIA, Morphina — ra. Acetate of, Mor-
phinse acetas — m. and Zinc, double iodide of.
Zinc and Morphia, double iodide of — m. Citrate
of, see Morphina — ra. Muriate of, see Morphina
— m. Sulphate of, Morphinse sulphas.
MORPHIA ACETAS, Morphinao acetas— m.
Citras, see Morphinae sulphas — m. Murias, see
Morphinse sulphas — m. Sulphas, Morphinae sul-
phas.
MOR'PHICA, from nopipr,, 'shape.' Monstro-
Bities of birth.' The 3d order, class Typkieu of
Good.
MORPHI'NA, 3lor'pl>ia, Mor'phinm, Mor-
Jilii'tie. Marphine, from Mop^cvs, 3Iurpheu8, the
'god of sleep.' A solid, colourless alkali; crys-
tallizable in beautiful pyramids, truncated and
transparent; soluble in alcohol, and slightly so
in boiling water. It exists, combined with me-
conic acid, in opium. It may be obtained by
decomposing, by means of ammonia or calcined
magnesia, an aqueous solution of opium made in
the cold.
The following is the process of the Pharm.
U. S. Opium, sliced, tt)j ; distilled water, alcohol,
vnimtd charcoal, each a sufficient quantity; sulii-
tion of ammonia, f.^vj. Macerate the opium
with four pints of distilled water for 24 hours,
and having worked it with the hand, digest for
24 hours, and strain. Macerate the residue twice
successively with distilled water, and strain. Mix
the infusions: evaporate to six pints, and filter;
then add first five pints of alcohol, and afterwards
three fluidounces of the solution of ammonia,
previously mixed with half a pint of alcohol.
After 24 hours, pour in the remainder of the
solution of ammonia, mixed as before with half
a pint of alcohol ; and set the liquor aside for 24
hours, that crystals may form. To purify these,
boil them with two pints nf alcohol till they are
dissolved; filter the solution, while hot, through
animal charcoal, and set it aside to crystallize.
Morphia dissolves perfectly in the acids, which
it saturates ; and with which it forms very erys-
tallizable salts, with the exception of the acetate.
All these salts have a bitter taste, and act upon
the animal economy in the same manner as
opium, but more powerfully. The acetate is the
salt commonly employed in medicine. It was, at
one time, supposed that Morphia is the purely
sedative part of opium, divested of its irritating
properties; but experience has not confirmed
this. On the contrary, it will generally disagree
where opium does. Dose of morphia, |^ to | of
a grain.
Morphi'n^ Ace'tAS, 3rrir'phi(S Acetas, Mor'-
phinm ace'ticnm, Ac"etnte of Morphine, Acetate
of Morphia. A salt formed by saturating mor-
phia with acetic acid. (Morphia, in powder, freed
from narcotina by boiling with sulphuric ether,
^j ; distilled wafer, Oss ; acetic acid, a sufficient
quantity. Mix the morphia with the water; then
carefully drop in the acid, constantly stirring
until the morphia is saturated and dissolved.
Evaporate the solution in a water-bath to the
consistence of syrup. Lastly, dry the acetate
with a gentle heat and rub it into powder. — Ph.
U. S.} Dose, from J of a grain to half a grain.
MoitPiii'N.B Sulphas, JIon'pni.« SfLpnAS,
Sidphate of Morphia. A salt, formed by satu-
rating morphia with sulphuric acid, evaporating,
and crystallizing. Dose, the same as of tho
acetate.
Muriate, and Citrate of Morpliia, Morphics ci-
tran, have likewise been used ; but they possess
no advantages over the other salts. The sulphate
and muriate are officinal in the Ph. U. S. Tho
muriate — Moii'pni/E Mu'iuAS — is directed to bo
prepared as follows. [Morphia:, in pulv., ^^j ;
AqncB destillatcB, Oss ; Acid, miin'at. q. s. Mix
the morphia with the water; carefully drop in
the acid, till the morphia is saturated ami dis-
solved. Evaporate and crystallize.) Oue-sixth
of .a grain is equal to a grain of opium.
MORPIIIUM, Morphina — m. Aceticum, Mor-
phinse acetas.
MORPnOLOG"ICAL, Morpholo;/"icm, from
f(op0i?, 'shape,' and Ao/oj, 'a description.' That
which has relation to the anatomical conforma-
tion of parts. Applied, at times, to the altera-
tions in the form of the several parts of the em-
bryo, in contradistinction to hintolo(/ical, which
is applied to the transformation by which tho
tissues are gradually generated. In comparative
anatomy, it is applied to the history of the mo-
difications of forms, which the same organ under-
goes in different animals.
MORPHOLOGY, Anatomy.
MORRHOL'YSIS, from ixopipv, 'shape,' and
AnCTif, 'solution.' Destruction of organization.
An agent, that occasions such destruction, is
called a morphoh/t'ic,
MORPHOLYTIC, see Morpholysis.
MORPHON'OMY, Morphonom'ia: from liof^pn,
'shape,' and voixos, a law.' The laws of organio
formation. The department of anatomical sci-
ence which teaches the laws of organic configu-
ration.
MORPHOTOMY, see Anatomy.
MORPIO, see Pediculus.
3I0RPI0N, Crab-louse, see Pediculus.
MORRUUA AMERICANA, see Oleum jccoris
aselli.
MORS, Death — m. Apparens, Asphyxia — m.
Putativa, Asphyxia — m. Repentina, Demotivus
lapsus — m. du Diahle, Scabiosa succisa.
MORSELLUS, Tabella.
MORSULI ANTIMONIALES, TabelLne anti-
moniales Kunckelii — m. Stibii, Tabellaj autimo-
niales Kunckelii.
MORSULUS, Tabella.
MORSURE, Degmos.
MORSUS, Degmos — m. Diaboli, Scabiosa isne-
cisa, see Tuba Fallopiana — m. Gallinje, Alsine
media — m. Stomachi, Cardialgia — m. Ventiiculi,
Cardialgia.
MORT, Adeps.
MORT, Dead, Death — m. Apparente, Asphyxia
— m. du Ghien, Cholera — m. aiix Chiens, Colchi-
cum autumnale — m. Ne, Still-born — m. anx Pan-
therea, Doronicum pardalianches.
MORTA, Pemphigus.
MORTAL, Morta'lis, from moi-s, mortis, 'death.'
Letha'lis, Leta'lis, Thanato'des, 'I'hanas'imns, (F.)
3[ortel. That which is subject to death; — that
which causes death : — as, nm/i is mortal ; a dis-
ease is mortal. Of old, it was the custom to havo
a division of mortal or deadli/ wounds, which
gave rise to many errors in medico-legal investi-
tions, as the mortality of wounds depends upon
various circumstances ; and it is often a matter
of extreme difficulty to pronounce whether or not
a wound is necessarily mortal.
MORTAL'ITY, Mortal'itas, Lethal'ilns, LetaV-
itaa, (F.) Mortalite. Same etymon. This word,
taken in an extended sense, expresses the condi-
tion of all organized bodies, — of being subject to
MORTAR
605
MOSQUITO
the oep?ation of life. In the sense in which it is
most freiiuently employed, it signifies, — the pro-
portional ((Uiuitity of individuals who, in a cer-
tain po|iuliition, die in a given time. If we as-
sume llie i)opulation of the earth to be one thou-
fimd millions, and a generation to last thirty-
three years; in that space of time the one thou-
sand millions must all die, and, conse(iuently, the
number of deaths will be, by approximation,
Each year 30,000,000
Each day 82,109
Each hour 3,421
Each minute 57
Each second 1 nearly.
If, on the other hand, as has been supposed,
the number of deaths is to that of the births as
TUN to TWELVE : thcro will be born,
Each year 36,000,000
Each day 98,356
Each hour 4,098
Each minute 68
Each second 1 & 2-15tbs.
It has been estimated that the average mor-
tality of the Pays du Vaud, is 1 in 49 : of Swe-
den and Holland, 1 in 48 ; of Russia, 1 in 41 ; of
France, 1 in 40 ; of Austria, 1 in 38 ; of Prussia
and Naples, 1 in 33 to 35 ; of England, 1 in 45 :
and of South America, 1 in 30. The same rate
of mortality has been given to the United States
as to France ; but the statistical details on all
this matter have been inadequate, and — it is. not
improbable — inaccurate. The following has been
given as the annual mortality of some of the
chief cities of this country and Europe: (See the
author's Human Health, p. 101 : Philadelphia,
1844.) Philadelphia, 1 in 45-08; Glasgow, 1 in
44; Jliuiclicster, 1 in 44 ; Geneva, 1 in 43; Bos-
ton, 1 in 41'26; Baltimore, 1 in 41 ; London, 1 in
40; New York, 1 in 37-83; St. Petersburg, 1 in
37; Charleston, 1 in 36-60; Leghorn, 1 in 35;
]!erlin, 1 in 34 ; Paris, L3'ons, Strasburg, and
Barcelona, 1 in 32; Nice and Palermo, 1 in 31 ;
Madrid, 1 in 29; Naples, 1 in 28; Brussels, 1 in
26; Rome, 1 in 25; Amsterdam, 1 in 24; and
Vienna, 1 in 22}.
In the cities, the mortality under two years of
age bears a large ratio. This is exhibited by the
fuUowing table :
Ages. London. Philad. Baltimore.
Under 1 year, 1 „o -„ 22-7 24-11
From 1 to 2, j ^° ^^ 8-6 8-55
2 to 5, 9-97 7-3 11.18
5 to 10, 4-33 4- 5-
10 to 20, 4-03 5- 6-3
20 to 30, 6-64 12- 987
30 to 40, 8-08 12- 10-58
40 to 50, 8-89 10- 8-88
50 to 60, 8-89 7-2 6-78
60 to 70, 9-15 5- 4-5
70 to 80, 7-83 3-5 3-
SO to 90, 3-18 1-9 1-67
90 to 100, 0-40 0-5 0-26
100 to 120, 009 \ „ ,„
110 to 120, 0013]
It would not be proper to regard the value of
life in different countries, or in different periods
m the same country, to be indicated by the ave-
rage mortality ; inasmuch as in one case a greater
mortality maj' occur amongst children, and in
another amongst adults.
MoiiTAt.iTY, Bills of, TiUh of Necrol'o^y,
Mor'tuctrii Re(i"i/<tern, (F.) Tables de Mortiiliie.
Table?, instituted for the purpose of exhibiting
the number of deaths, Ac, in a given time. Well-
kept bills of mortality are of great use to the phy-
sician and political economist. Those of London
were proverbial for their inaccuracy and in-
sufficiency; especially as regards the comy)laint3
of which the persons have died. They were for-
merly made out by the parish clerks, and the in-
formation was conveyed to them by two old wo-
men, who were appointed in each parish, and
were called Searchers ; — their duty being to see
that the deceased had died a natural death. This
miserable system has, however, been abolished;
and the Registrar- General's annual reports of
births, deaths, and marriages, exhibit how admi-
rably vital statistics are now collected in Great
Britain.
MORTAR, Morta'rium, 3foreta'r{um, Morto'-
rium, Piso, Ac'one, Pila, Holmos, l<jde, Ljdus,
(F.) Mortier. A vessel for reducing to powder
different solid substances, and for making certain
mixtures. Various substances are employed in
the construction of mortars ; — iron, marble, glass,
wedgewood ware, &c.
MORTARIOLUM, Alveolus.
310RTEL, Mortal.
MORTIER. Mortar.
MORTIFER, Lethiferous.
MORTIFICATIO, Mortification — m. Pulmo-
num, Necropneumonia.
MORTIFICA'TION, MorHfica'tio, Necro'sis,
Sphdcchi'tion, from mars, mortis, 'death,' and fio,
'I become.' The loss of vitality in a part of the
body. The incipient stage of mortification, when
the case is still recoveralile, is called Gangrene;
when totally destroyed. Sphacelus. Mortification
of a bone is called Necrosis.
M(jHTiFicATioN. CoLD, Sphacclus — m. Ergot,
Ergotism — m. Hot, Gangrene — m. Mildew, Er-
gotism.
MORTOOTH, Cupri sulphas.
MORTUARY REGISTERS, Mortality, bills
of.
MORTUUS, Dead.
MORUM, see Morus nigra — m. Palpebrae in-
terna). Trachoma carunculosura.
MORUS NIGRA, M. hicinia'ta, Ifid'herry
Tree, Itfore'o, Sycami'nos, (F.) IfCtrier Noir.
Ord. UrticaceiO. The fruit of the mulberry tree,
ilorum, ftopov, Si/r<iini'tium, (F.) Mure, is plea-
sant, sweet, suiiacid, and abounds with a deep
violet-coloured juice, 3Ior{ snccus (Ph. L.). A
syrup is directed in the London Pharmacopoeia.
The bark of the root has been regarded as an
anthelmintic.
MORUS RUBRA, Red Mulberry, Wild Mul-
berry; indigenous. The root has been used to
destroy taenia.
MORVE, Mucus, Nasal mucus; see Equinia —
m. Farciiieuse, see Equinia.
MOS, Habit.
Mos Moitni Bf.nig'nus seu M.vlig'nus. The
benign, or malignant character of a disease.
MOSCHARDI'NA, Muscer'dn, from iioaxos,
'musk.' A lozenge for the mouth, composed of
musk, ambergris, and other aromatics.
MOSCHELyE'ON, Mo^culcB'a. A compound
aromatic oil, containing musk.
MOSCHUS, Musk — m. Arabum. Hibiscus abel-
moschus — ni. Factitious, Musk, artificiaL
MOSCOLiEA, MoscheltBon.
MOSLICH, Maslach.
MOSQUITA, see Mosquito.
MOSQUI'TO (S.j, Diminutive of (S.) mosca,
'a fly.' Musquito. A very troublesome insect in
warm, moist situations. Curtains, called Moxijuito
curl(ii)is or bars, are used by way of protection.
The entrance of mosquitos into the bedchamber
may also be prevented, to a certain extent, by
keeping the doors and windows closed until the
lights are extinguished. The pain and itching
from the bites are alleviated by washing them
with hartshorn.
MOSS BERRY
GOG
MOUTH
MosQtUTA is a name given, by the Portujtuese,
to .small, red pimples on the skin, resembling the
bites of the musquito.
jMOSS berry, Vaecinium oxycoccos — no.
Cej'lon, Fueus amylaceus — m. Club, Lycopodium
— m. Cup, Lichen pyxidatus — m. Edible, Fueus
amyliieeus — m. Hairciip, Polytrichum Juniperi-
iiuin — m. Iceland, Lichen Islandicus — m. Irish,
Fueus erispus — m. Jaffna, Fueus amylaceus — m.
Marine, Fueus amylaceus — m. Pearl, Chondrus
crispus — m. Wall, common yellow, Parmclia
pariotir)a.
jSIOTA, Fagus castanea.
IVIOTAMEN, Motion.
MOTATIO, Motion.
MOTE, Carbasus, Linteum.
MOTEUR, Motory.
MOTHER, Hysteria, Phlegm.
MOTHER'S MARKS, Nsevus—m. Spots,
Naevus.
MOTHERWORT, Leonurus cardiaca, Matri-
caria.
MOTIL'ITY, Motil'itan, from motna, 'move-
ment.' (F.) llotilite, Jfotricile. Faculty of
moving; moving power ; contractility.
MOTION, Motiis, Mo'lio, 3/ota'tio, Mota'men,
Comiiio'tio, Peniio'tio, {niorere, motiiiii, 'to move.')
Ciiie'nin, Movement, (F.) Moitvemeid. The act of
changing place. The various motions may be
divided into, — First, the voluntary or those that
are executed under the influence of the brain.
Secnndhf, the involnntriry, which may be subdi-
vided into, L The e.rcite'l, of the rcjlrx fiinetion
of Dr. JIarshall Hall and others, — as the closure
of the larynx on the contact of acrid vapours, of
the pharynx on that of the fond, — a function of
the spinal marrow ; and, 2. Those that are exe-
cuted under the organic and other nerves of in-
voluntary function. It is probable, too, that
every living tissue is capable of moving respon-
sive to its appropriate irritant. See Irritability.
Motion, Ciliary, see Cilia — m. Involuntary,
see Automatic — m. Vibratory, see Ciliary — m.
Voluntary, Autoeinesis.
MOTIVE, Motory.
MOTOR, Motory.
MoToii OcriLi Extrr'nus, Newvn ttm'idun,
(F.) Nerf oculo-mnsculitire externe (Ch.), Nerf
inoteur ocxdaire externe. Sixth pair of nerves,
arises from the furrow which separates the pons
Varolii from tlie medulla oblongata. It enters
the cavernous sinus; anastomoses on the outside
of the carotid artery with two filaments furnished
by the superior cervical ganglion ; enters the or-
bit by the sphenoidal fissure, and is lost on the
rectus externus oculi. This pair is, also, called
Ahdiicentea.
Moto'rks Oculo'ritm, JIfolo'rii Ocnlorum, Ocit-
la'ren commn'nes, Ophthal'mici exter'ni. Common
0vnh>-inii8cul(ir Nrrveif, (F. ) Nerfu motenro ocii-
hiirei commnnn (Cb.), The third pair of nerven.
Par ter'tiiim. This nerve arises from a depres-
sion at the inner side of the peduncles of the
brain, between the tuber annulare and corpora
nianimillaria. It enters the outer part of the
cavernous sinus, and passes into the orbitar
cavity. Behind the sphenoidal fissure, it divides
into two branches ; the one superior and the other
inferior. The former is lost on the rectus supe-
rior oculi and the levator palpebrse supcrioris ;
the latter — the larger of the two — divides into
three branches, which pass to the rectus internus,
rectus inferior, and lesser oblique. The last fur-
nishes a filament, which passes to the ophthalmic
ganglion.
MOTORIAL, Motory.
MOTOR PAT HY, Kinosipathy.
MO'TORY, Motive. Motor, Moto'rinl, Molrix,
Kitiet'ic or Cinet'ic, (F.) Muteur. Same etymon.
That which moves or causes movement, ns motor
nerves, in contradistinction to sensory.
]\IOTO.'^, Lintcuin, Tent.
MOTO'SIS, t^oToi, 'lint.' The application of
lint to a wound.
MOTRICITE, Motility.
MOTRIX, M<.tory.
MOTTE, Mons veneris.
MOTUM, Carbasus, Linteum.
MOTUS, Motion — m. Assimilationis, Plnstic
force — m. Automaticus, sec Automatic — m. Com-
pressorius. Peristole — m. Cordis diastalticns, Dia-
stole— m. HaMuorrhoidalis, Ilivinorrhois— in. Iti-
testinorum, Borborygmus — m. Involuntiirius, spo
Autoeinesis — m. Peristalticus, Peristole — m. Tes-
tudineus, Peristole — m. Vermicularis, Peristole
m. Voluntarius, Autoeinesis.
JIOUCHE, Cantharis — m. d'Kspnyne, Can-
tharis.
MOUCHER U ACTION BE, Munctio.
31 OUCHES, see Pains, labour — ?». Vohnitei,
see Metamorphopsia.
MOUCHETURE. see Scarification.
3/OUCHOm EN TRIANGLE, Couvrechef,
see Bnndeau.
MOUFETTE, see Mcphitism.
MOULD, Fontanella.
MOULE. Mytilus cdulis.
MOULEUR, Muller.
MOULTING, Desquamation.
MOUNTAIN ASH, Sorbus acuparia— m. Ash,
American, Sorbus Americana — m. Sickness,
Puna.
3/OURElLLER, Malpighia mourella.
3/0 UN ON DES OlSEAUX, Alsine media—
in. Jionije, Anagallis.
MOUSE-EAR, Alsine media, Ilicracium pilo-
sella.
MOUSE-SIGHT, Myopia.
310USSE DE CORSE, Corallina Corsioniia
— Hi. d'Islonde, Lichen Islandicus — m. d'/rlnnde,
Fueus crispus — »«. 3Iarine perlee, Lichen Island-
icus— m. Perlee, Fucus crispus.
3fOUSSERON, see Agaric,
3I0USSEUX, Frothy.
3fOrSTACHE, Mystax.
3fO0T DE LA BIERE, Wort.
3I0VTARDE, Sinapis — m. des Allcmmuh,
Cochlearia armoracia — m. des 3toinea, Cochlearia
arinoracia.
MOUTH, Sax. mu«, Os, Cavum Oris, Stoma,
Gab, (Sc.) 3row, (Prov.) Gob, (F.) Ronche. This
word sometimes signifies the cavity situate be-
tween the jaws, and containing the tongue, &c.;
— at others, the outer orifice of that cavity. The
mouth, in the first acceptation, Cav'itas seu Spn'-
tinm Oris, is the cavity : bounded, above, by the
palatine arch; heloiv, by the tongue; h(fore,hy
the lips; and behind, by the velum palati and
pharynx. The sides of the mouth and the or-
gans it contains are lined by a mucous ineinbrane.
The anterior aperture of the mouth is, soinetiines,
called yV(C(nif — the posterior, plinrynf/eal. In the
mouth are the teeth, gums, alveolar margin?,
tongue; the excretory ducts of the salivary
glands, and those of a number of mucous fiilliclcs,
<fec. It is in this cavity that the food is cut, torn,
or bruised by the teeth ; is impregnated with
saliva, and formed into a mass or bolns, which ij
then subjected to the act of deglutition. The
mouth contains the organs of taste ; and it serves
in respiration, articulation, expectoration, suc-
tion, Ac.
The condition of the mouth requires to be at-
tended to in Semeiolofiy. The state of the mu-
cous membrane, like that of the timgue, indicates
the condition of the membrane of the alimentary
canal generally.
MOUVEMEXT
607
MUCRO
Mouth, Oh, Apeilu'ra, On'/ic"iiim, Hiti'tim,
reriHio'iiiiiim, is, al«i). applied to the open extre-
mitit'^ of vessels or other cunuls.
Mouth Koor, Coptis.
Mouth, Sokk, Aphthae.
Mouth VVatkhino, see Salivation.
MOUVEMENT, Motion — m. Peristaltiqiie, see
Peristole.
MOVEMENT, Motion— m. Cure, Kine-Mpathy.
MOVV, Mouth.
MOXA, Moxibu'rium. A word b}' which the
Chinese and Japanese desij^nate a cottony stiU-
stanee, which they prepare by beatinj^ the dried
leaves of the A>-tciiiiniii mojca, — a kind of niuir-
wort. With this down they form a cone, which
is placed upon the part intended to be cauterized,
and is set fire to at the top. The heat and pain
gradually increase, in proportion as the coiiilius-
tion proceeds downwards, until ultimately an
eschar may be formed. In Europe and this
country, the same operation is usually practised
with a cylinder of cotton-wool, or with one formed
from the pith of the greater sun-flower. This
mode of cauterization is employed as a powerful
Counter-irritant; which it assuredly is. Slouj^h-
iiig may be in some measure prevented, according
to I5aron Larrey, by the application of liquid am-
monia to the burnt part.
The term moxa has been extended to any sub-
stance, which by gradual combustion on or near
the skin is emf)loyed as a counter-irritant, — as
the electric or (/alvniiic moxa or cmifeiy, in which
voltaic electricity is employed as the cauterizing
agent.
MOXIRURTUM, Moxa.
MOXIBUS'TION, Moxibus'Ho, Moxocnu'eU,
Eiicdit'iiis. Mode of cauterization by means of
uioxa.
MOXOCAUSrS, Moxibustion.
MOXON'S EFFERVESCING MAGNESIA,
jee Magnesia, effervescing, Moxon's.
MUCAGO, Liquor sanguinis. Mucilage.
MUCARUM, Mucharum.
MUCCINIUM, Mucilage.
MUCEDO, Mucilage.
MUCIIA'RUM, J/^KCff'non. A barbarous term,
formerly used for an aqueous infusion of roses,
sweetened, and evaporated to the consistence of
syrup.
MUCIFIC, Blennogenou.o.
MU'CIFORM, Mnvifonii'lx, 3fy.co'dei<, Blen-
fio'des, Dlennot'deH, liteiinoVdeuH, from jiiiiciih,
and /i)niiii, 'form.' Resembling mucus in cha-
racter or appear<ance.
MU'CILAGE, Muclln'fjo, Muca'f/o, Mnce'do,
Mdvcin'iiiiii, from the Lat. mitciis, — itself pre-
sumed to be from miiiiijeic, iinnutinii, 'to wipe the
niise.' A mixture of gum and a small quantity
of matter analogous to mucus, which is found in
abundance in linseed, quince-seed, <fec. It is ob-
tained by healing in water the parts, or pro-
ducts, of plants which contain it. It is much
used in the preparation of emollient cataplasms
and the greater part of the demulcent tisaneH,
(F.) Hydnd^x, Hydndittfi.
J[l'('II^A(JE, see Liquor sanguinis — m. Adrnijant,
Mucilago astragali tragacanthre — in. df (/nmnie
Adnii/ttiite, Mucilago astragali tragacanthie — m.
de (/oiiiiiie Arabiqiie, Mucilago acaciye.
Mi'ciLAOK, Animai,, Mucus.
MUCILAGE ARAIUQFE, Mucilago ncaciae
— m. of Rarley, Mucilago hordei — m. of Quince-
seeds, Decoctuin cydoniiv — m. of Rice, see Oryza
— m. of Sassafras Pith, Infusuin sassafras me-
dulltv.
iIt;ciLACE, Starch, Mucilago amyli. i
MVCTLACINEUX, Mucilaginou.".
MUCILAU"IXOU.-^, MinUcujliio'niix, Gummo'-
siis, G II III III I o' den. Giiiiuiiido'des, iF.) J/iicihujiiieiix.
Gummy. Resembling gum. That which pos-
sesses the character of mucilage.
MUCILAUO, iMucilage, Mucilago Acacire, Sy-
novia.
Mucilago Acx'ci^., JA Acnrice AiaVivm sen.
Giniiiiii Arnb'IccB, J/iici/ii'yo, Miatn'rii Ain'cim,
Mncilnije of ucu'ciii or i>f (jiim Arnbic, (F.) Jlmi-
Iriije Artibiiiiie ou de //(nnine Arabiqiie. {Acin-iff
(jiiiii. contus. Jiv; at/. biiNieiit. Oss. Rub the
gum with the water gradually added.) Demul-
cent. To allay cough ; but, chiefly, to suspend
insoluble matters in water, &c.
Mucilago Am'yli, Starrh miiciln;/e, Dcror'liim
Aiii'i/li. (Aiiii/li, ^\\y, nqiitF, Oj. Rub the starch
with the water gradually addeil ; then boil till it
forms a mucilage.— I'h. L.) Demulcent. Gene-
rally given per auiiiii.
Mucilago Akticclouu.m sen Ju.ncturaulji,
Synovia.
Mucilago Astrag'alt Tragacan'thjE. 3F. tm-
f/acinillicB (Ph. U. S.) seu giimiiii traijaeiintha,
Miifil(i//e (if trngdciiiilli, Jfiuiliiije Adnii/iiiit OU
de gomiiie Adrni/oiile. (Giinniii tniijficiiiilh. ^j ;
aifiice bidlieiil. Oj. Macerate for 24 hours ; tritu-
rate till the gum is disscdved, and press through
linen.) Used for pharmaceutical purposes.
Mucilago Crktica, Misturae cretoe — m. Gum-
mi Arabici, M. acacias.
Mitcila'go IIor'dki, Ifu'cilage of Barley.
{Hordei, ^sf, (avoir<lupois) AqiicE, f^xvi. Tri-
turate well; and boil. Ph. D.) A'vehicle for
substances given in enemata.
Mucilago Skhinis Cydonii Malt, Decoctum
cydoniao — m. Guuimi tragacanthse, M. astragali
tragacanthie — in. Tragacanthse, M. astragali
tragacanlhiw.
MUCIN. Jrucus.
MUCIP'AROUS, Miicij/aniK, (F.) Miivlj>are,
from riniciin, nnd pario, 'I bring forth.' Mucous-
producing; as miicipriroiiH glands or follicles.
MUCI'TIS, 3fi/coderiiii'tis, from mucus, and
!</«, denoting inflammation. A term, badly formed,
for inflammation of a mucous membrane.
MUCKSWEAT, Desudatio.
MUCOCE'LE, Ilcruiii uneei lacri/mn'lis, from
niKci/v, and kiiXh, 'rupture.' An enlargement or
protrusion of the mucous membrane of the lachry-
mal passages, giving occasion to fistula lacry-
malis. Also, dropsy of the lacrymal sac.
MUCO-ENTEKITIS, see Enteritis.
MUCO-PU'RULENT, Miico-pitrvJeu'tns, Pijo.
bleii'iiiciin, from miiciii, and pus. Having the
character or appearance of mut-us and pus.
MUCOR, Euros, Mucus — m. Narium, Nasal
mucus.
MUCOSTN, see Mucus.
MUCOSITAS, Mucosity, Mucus.
MUCOS'ITY, A/iieos'ifas, (F.) Mucoxite. A
fluid, which resembles mucus, or contains a cer-
tain quantity of it.
MUCOUS. Muio'suo, (F.) Muqueu.r. An epi-
thet for all bodies containing mucilage or niucu.-.
It is, also, somctiiues used .sj'nonymously with
grnmmy. In piilhidoijy, it is occasionally em-
ployed to express the seat of a tlisease, as mueous
diseiiie, mucous pli/ef/mnnia ; that is, having its
seat in a inLicous membrane.
Mi'COi's CoiiPuscLKS. see Mucus — m. Layer,
see Tdclip eiuliri/ouimire — ni. Membranes, see
Membranes — tu. Web, Corpus mucosum.
MUCRO, Apex.
MUCRONATA CARTILAGO G08
M U L S U M
MrcRO seu Cor'yplie sou FnnJns sou Vertex
Cordis. The apex or point of the heart.
MucdO HuMEiii, Acromion.
MUCRONATA CARTILAGO, Xiphoid car-
tilage.
MUCRONATUM OS, Xiphoid cartilage.
MU'CULENT, Muculen'tua, from mucus. Slimy,
viscid.
MUCUNA, see Dolichos pruriens — m. Pru-
riens, Dolichos pruriens — m. Prurita, see Do-
lichos pruriens.
MUCUS, Marnr, ifnco'sus humor, 3[ucns' itas,
Myxd, 3I1JCUH, Lcijie, Pitui'ta, Bleiiiia, Zuoiiii/'-
cus, Zoom!/x'a, Pit'uite, Animal mucus, Animal
muciUifje, (F.) 31uqueu.c animal, Morve, Jfucilaije
animal, presumed to be from mumjere, 'to wipe
the nose.' A substance, analogous to vegetable
mucilage; from which, however, it differs, by
aflFording subearbonate of ammonia on distilla-
tion. Mucus exudes through the skin, in a state
of combination with a peculiar oily matter ; and,
drying, forms the epidermis. It constitutes, in
part, the different epidermeous productions, as
the hair, nails, wool, and horn of animals, featliers
of birds, and scales of fish. It is found at the
surface of the mueous membranes, and presents
some difference in its composition and properties,
according to the particular mucous membrane
from which it is obtained. Its chief organic con-
stituent is an albuminoid compound, — mucin, inu-
cosin. Mucus preserves the membranes moist,
and in a state best fitted for the performance of
their functions. The French give the term rjlaire
to the thick, stringy nuicus, secreted by the mu-
cous membranes when in a state of disease.
AVhen mucus is cxnniined with the niiorospopo
it is found to contain numerous epithelial scales
or flattened cells ; together with round, granular
bodies, commonlj' termed mucaus corpuHvlm or
mucous (jtoliules, wliich are contained in a fluid
portion — liquor muvi.
Mucus Caupiiodks, see Carphndca — m. Ca-
tharticus, Lichen Islandicus — m. Malpighii, Cor-
pus mucosum — m. Narium, Nasal mucus.
MUD-APPLE PLANT, Solanum melongena.
MUDAR, JI/((f/f<)-. The Calotropis mudnrii »ea
madarii, C. tfiijante'n, Ascle'pias (jiijanle'ii, Mtt-
do'rius. Ord. AsclepiadaceiB. In the Hindoo
practice of physic, the bark of the root, as well
as the concrete juice of the plant, enters into
various coiu[)ound formuliB for the cure of ele-
phantiasis and many otlier disorders. Experi-
ments instituted by Dr. Duncan, Jr., exhiliit its
properties to be like those of ipecacuanha. Mixed
with oil it is used in gout in Malabar.
MUDGE'S INHALER, .see Inhaler.
MUDLICK, see Kentucky, Mineral waters of.
BfUGUET, Aphthae, Convallaria maialis — m.
des Bdis, Asperula odorata — m. de Mai, Conval-
laria maialis.
MUGWORT, Artemisia vulgaris.
3LULA TRE, Mulatto.
MULATTO, (F.) Muldtre, (S.) Mulata. An
individual of the human species engendered of a
white and black race; from mulus, 'a mule.'
The following table exhibits the proportion of
white blood in the various castes, — arising from
the hybridous admixture of wiiite and Iilack, —
1 according to the principles sanctioned by usage.
OFFSPRING.
DEGREE OP MIXTURE.
Negro and White Mulatto 1-2 White, 1-2 Black.
White and Mulatto, Terceron 3-4 1-4
„ ,•,,,, f Griffo, Griff, or Zambo, ) , . „ ,
Nesro and Mulatto { -.-,-, , >,, ' \ 1-4 A-\
iic^w , [or Black Terceron, J
White and Terceron, Quarteron or Quadroon, 7-8 1-8
Negro and Terceron Black Quarteron or Quadroon .... 1-8 7-8
White and Quarteron Quinteron, 1;')-16 1-lfi
Negro and Black Quarteron, Black Quinteron 1-lG lj-16
The last two wore considered to be respectively
■white and black, in the British West India
Islands: and the former, prior to modern
changes, were white by law, and consequently
free. See Half-caste.
Mulatto Jack, Fever, yellow.
MULBERRY CALCULUS, see Calculi, uri-
nary.
Mul'bef.ry Mass. The mulberry-like appear-
ance, presented by the embryo, at a very early
stage, when the different cells have drawn around
them a portion of the vitellus or yolk.
Mulberry Rash, see Typhus — ra. Red, Morns
rubra — m. Tree, Morus nigra — m. Wild, Morus
rubra.
3[ULES (F.), 3Tnl(B. Chilblains on the heels.
MULET, Hybrid.
MULGE'DIUM ACUMINA'TUM, (muh/ere,
niuhum, ' to milk,') Lnctu'ca villo'sa, Blue Let-
tuce; and
Mulgf.'dium Florida'num, Ladu'ca Florida'-
ni, Sonchus Florida'uus, False Lettuce; indige-
nous plants; Order, Composite ; have the repu-
tation of curing the bites of rattlesnakes.
MULIEBRIA, Menses, Vulva.
MULIEBRITY, Mulieritas.
JIULIEBROS'ITAS, Phylogijn'ia, from mulier,
'a woman,' nniliebris, 'appertaining to women.'
Fondness for women. Hence, Muliehn/aiis, Mu-
liera'rius, and Muliero'sus ; one who is fond of
women.
MULIEBROSUS, see Muliebrositas.
MULIERARIUS, see Muliebrositas.
MULIE'RITAS, Mnlieb'rit,/, Womanhood, from
mulier, 'a woman.' The state of puberty in the
female.
MULIEROSUS, see Muliebrositas.
MULIER PLENA, Pregnant.
MULLED WINE, see Wine.
MULLEIN, BLACK, Verbascum nigrum — m.
Broad-leaved, great, Verbascum nigrum — m.
Yellow, Verbascum nigrum.
M\JLL'Ell,{F.) Mouleur. A moulder. A stone
held in the hand, with which any powder is
ground upon a horizontal slab. It is sometimes
called mullet, (F.) Mollelte.
MULLIGRUBS, Tormina, Colic.
MULLIX. Mclizomum.
MULOMEDICIXA, Veterinary art.
MULOMEDICUS, see Hippiater.
MULSA ACIDA, Oxyglycus.
MULSUM, Ilydrotneli— m. Vinosum, CEnomeL
MULTIFIDUS SriN.E
60 9
MUSA
MULTIFIDUS SPIN/E, Transversalis dorsi.
MUI/riF(ETA"riON, Mnltif.fta'tio, from mul-
iHt, 'iiiiiny,' and fwtus. Pregnancy with more
than two fouluses.
MULTILOC'ULAR, Miihilocida'ris, from mnl-
litH, 'uiiiny,' and lucitlite, 'a cell.' Having many
cells or small cavities.
MULTIMAM'iM^E, (F.) Multimammeit, from
iiiultns, ' many,' and mnnima, ' a breast,' A variety
of hyporgoncsis, in which there are supernume-
rary niammsB.
MULTIP'AROUS, Mtdtip'nrna, (F.) Multipare,
from mnllns, ' many,' and pan're, ' to bring forth.'
One that brings forth several young at the same
time. Sucli a hirtli is called p/iiraL
M IJL Til' L/C A TlOy MERISMA TIQ UE, see
Generation.
MUr/tlTUDO, Plethora.
MUT,TIVOKANTIA, Polyphagia.
MULTIVOKOUS, Polyphagous.
MUM I A, Mummy — m. de Medullis, Marrow.
MUMISATIO, Mummification.
MUMMIFICA'TION, Miimim'tio, from mum-
viy, and fit>, ' to be made.' Sceleteu'sis, The
mode of preparing a mummy.
MUMMY, Mnmia, Arab. Jifc»imi/a, from mum,
'wax.' Jicholeii, Itehoua, (F.) Momie. A dead
body simply dried, or dried after having been
embalmed. The latter acceptation is the most
common. Formerly, the Egyptian mummy was
extolled as useful in contut^ions. It was pre-
sumed, also, to have healing, tonic, and resolvent
]iropeitics. It is now only regarded as an arcliai-
cal curiosity.
MUMPS, Cynanche parotidea.
MUNCIIATOE, Mystax.
MUXC'TIO, Apomex'in, (F.) I'Action de mott-
rher, from miiiigere, miiiictum, ' to blow the nose.'
The act of blowing the nose.
MUXDIFIOANTIA, Detergents.
MUN'DIKrCATrVA, Detergents.
MUND'TIA SPIXO'SA. A plant of the Nat.
Oril. I'olygaleiC, which grows in Southern Africa,
iind a decoction of whose branches is used in
atroiiliy. phthisis, Ac.
MUXCOS RADIX, Ophiorrhiza mungos.
MUXCRKL, Hybrid.
MUNIMENTUM CASTITATIS, Hymen.
MUQUEUX ANIMAL, Mucus.
MUR, see Coryza.
MURAL, Miirn'lh, from mnvtm, 'a. wall.' Ve-
sical calculi are so called, when rugous and co-
vered with tubercles or asperities. They are
composed of oxalate of lime.
MURE. Moro, see Jloros nigra.
MURFLES, Ephelides, PapuliB.
MU'RIA, H.dme. Soh!/<i'f/o, linne, (¥.) San-
iiiHi-e, {'aXfivpii, 'salt water.') This was formerly
used as a glyster in dysentery, in certain invete-
rate ncuralgiiB, <tc.
MuRiA, Soda, muriate of.
MURIAS AURICO-NATRICUM, see Gold.
Milt [ATE D'AMMONfAQUE, Ammonis
murias-5-;;i. d'Aniiiiriiilaqiie et defer, Ferrum am-
moniatiim — hi. d'Or, Gold, muriate of, see Gold.
MURIAT'IC ACID, from iii>,r;a ; Ac"idtiv>
tali) sen Dinii'iiiiiii roucculrn'ltiin sen nalin cnliiia'-
tis sen '(din niori'iii, S/jir'iliiK S(di8 mari'ni seu
tnlis Gl'iidie'vi seu snlia ac"idus seu fumann,
Acidiim ln/ilrorhli>r'iciiiii seu miiiiat'icum, Spirit
of sail, (F.) Aride /ii/rlrorh/orii/iie ou muriati<iHe.
An niineous solution of chloroliydric acid gas of
s. g. 111). The odour of muriatic aciil is suflFo-
eating; t:iste very acid and caustic. It is nearly
39
colourless when pure; but commonly of a pale
yellow; volatile; the fumes visible. Muriatic
acid is possessed of tonic and antiseptic proper-
ties. It is used in tyjihus ; cutaneous eruptions ;
in gargles for inflammatory and putrid sore
throats, (gtt. xxx to f^vj of water,) Ac. When
added to a pediluvium, it renders it stimulating.
AciDUii MuHiAT'u'i'jr Dilu'tum of the Ph. U.
S. contains four fluidounces of muriatic acid, to
twelve fluidounces of distilled water.
MURIDE, Bromine.
MURIER NOIR, Morus nigra.
MURI6ENE, Chlorine.
MURINA, Bromine.
MURMUR, (F.) Mnrvnire. A word existing
both in the Romanic and Teutonic languages, and
probably a variety of onomatopoeia; — mnr mnr
expressing the kind of sound which the word in-
dicates. A low continued or continuously re-
peated sound, as that of flame, or of a stream
running over a stony bottom.
MuiiMiiR AtMiitsi, Tinnitus Aurium — m. In-
testinale seu intestinorum seu Ventris, Borboryg-
mus.
MuRMun, Ees'tiratory. (F.) Bruit rcspira-
toire. The noise heard during inspiration and
expiration, especially the former. It is j)roduccd
by the pass.age of the air through the bronchial
tubes and into the air-cells. It has been also
called nriirmur of the expansion of the liinffs, (F.)
limit d'cjpati 810)1 puhnonaire ; and, when dis-
tinctly vesicular, Jiespiraliou of the cells or ve-
sicular respiration, (F.) Respiration ou nnirmure
vesicnlaire. Vesicular respiration is of course
absent when the cells of the lungs have been ob-
literated from any cause. We may then have
the Respiration inille, Absence dn bruit rcspira-
toire. Silence, and Respiration silencieuse of the
French writers.
At times, it is rude during inspiration or expi-
ration, or both — the Respiration rude or R. rd-
peiise of the French. At others, there is a blotc-
iiKj sound, (F.) Sonffle, Respiration sonj[}iante, OS
if some one were blowing into the auscultator's
ear through a tube. This is heard in the healthy
state over the larynx, trachea, (F.) Souffle tra-
cheal, and about the bifurcation of the bronchia,
(F.) Souffle hronchique ; but when it proceeds
from the lungs it denotes disease. It may be
tubular or diffused. In the former, the irhiffintj
viurmnrs appear to occur in a space limited to the
immediate neighbourhood of the part examined.
In the latter, they are produced with but mode-
rate intensity, and sometimes at a distance from
the ear, over a tolerably extended space.
The respiration, perceived over the trachea and
bronchia in health, is called tracheal or bronchial
or tubal, (F.) Respiration bronchique, Souffle tn-
baire, according to the situation in which it is
heard.
Murmur, Uterine, Bruit placentaire — m.
Utero-placental, Bruit jylacentaire.
Murmur, Whiffing, see Murmur, respiratory.
MURR, Murrain, from A. S. mypphan, 'to
destroy,' or from (L.) nior?, ' to die.' (F.) Vlmeau,
Clavelee, Pestilential Fever. An epizootic, per-
haps contagious, disease, having some resemblance
to small-pox, which affects cattle — especially
sheep; and is said to have been transferred to
man.
MURRAIN, see Coryza.
MURREN, Coryza.
MUSA, M. Paradisiaca — m. Cliffortiana, M.
Paradisiaca — m. Mensaria, M. Paradisiaca.
JIusA Paradisi'aca, Musa, M. Mensa'ria seu
Cliffortiu'na, Amusa, Raima hu'miliSj Ficua /»»'-
MUSG
610
MUSCLE
rfi'crt, Bata, Plat'aniis, Plantain tree. Family,
Musaceae. 8ex. Si/nt. Hexaudria Jlonogynia.
It grows in many parts of India and South
America. The fruit, which is hirgely eaten for
bread, consists of a mealy substance, Plantain
meal, Conqnin-tay. It is clammy; has a sweetish
taste, and will dissolve in the mouth without chew-
ing. The whole spike of fruit often weighs forty
or fifty pounds. The leaves of the tree serve the
Indians for tablecloths and napkins. Being
smooth and soft, they are also employed as dress-
ings for blisters. The water from the soft trunk
is astringent, and sometimes used in diarrhoea.
MusA Sai'IEn'tum. The Bnna'na tree, Baco'-
ha, (F.) Bananier, Bacove. This differs some-
wliat from the last. The fruit, Bana'na, (S.)
J'latano, is shorter, straighter, and rounder ; the
j)ulp softer and of a more luscious taste. When
ripe, it is very agreeable ; it is eaten like the
jilantain, and relished by all ranks of people in
the West Indies. Both varieties are natives of
Guinea.
MUSC, Musk.
MUSCA HISPANICA, Cantharis.
MUSC^ ENTO- HYALOID, see Metamor-
phopsia — m. Volitantes, see Metamorphopsia.
jaiUSCADE, see Myristica moschata.
3IUSUADIER, Myristica moschata.
MUSCERDA, Moschardina.
MUSCLE, (old Eng.) Brawn, 3[ns' cuius, Torus,
Lacer'tus, Mys, 31 yon, from //uj. 'a mouse or rat;'
because, say some etymologists, the ancients com-
pared the muscles to flayed mice or rats. Accord-
ing to Diemerbroeck, Douglass, Chaussier, <fcc.,
/uvuv comes rather from \ivuv, ' to close,' ' to move,'
Ac., a function proper to muscles. This etymon
is tJie more probable. Muscles have been divided
into those of Animal life or of the life of relation
— voluntary muscles — which execute movements
under the influence of the will; as the muscles
of the limbs, head, trunk, <te., and info thnje of
organic life — involuntary hi i(«c/<»— which i-ontriict
under the influence of certain s])ecial stiuiuH : iis
the heart, fleshy fibres of the stomach, &c. Mixed
muscles are those which belong jiiirtly to eiich of
these divisions; — as the muscles of resi)ir!iti(iii •
the sphincters, <tc. Muscles that net in oppo-
sition to each other are called anfat/onista ,- tliiis,
every extensor has a flexor for an antagdiii.st, and
conversely. Muscles that concur in the same
action are termed con<jtnerous. The nnifcUs
present numerous varieties in form, size, situa-
tion, use, &c., and have been divided, hy some,
into long, broad, and short. Each of these divi-
sions comprises simple and compound niiiscles.
Simple or rectilinear muscles have all their filircs
in a similar direction, and only one body — as tiio
Sartorius, Pronator quadratus, <tc. Cotiijiininil
muscles are those which have only one belly aTid
several tendons, as the flexors of the fingers and
toes; or several bellies and several tcnddus, — iis
the biceps flexor cubiti, sacro-luinbalis, <tc. To
the compound muscles belong, also, the rudlulni
muscles. Their fibres set out from a common
centre, and are arranged like the radii of a circle;
— such are the diajihragm, ilincus, temporal, kc.
Pennated or Penniform JUnscles. Their fibres
are arranged in two rows, which are united at a
median line, at greater or less angles; nearly iis
the feathers are inserted into a quill. The piil-
maris longus is one of these. Semi-peuvlfarm
muscles: their fibres are oblique, as in the liist
case ; but they are inserted only on one siile of
the tendon. Hollow Muscles are, — the heart, in-
testines, urinary bladder, <fec.
Much difference has existed in the enumera-
tion of muscles. Some authors reckon them iit
upwards of 400. Chaussier admits only iitiS.
The greater part of them are in ijuira. Very fVw
are azygous.
TABLE OF THE MUSCLES, ARRANGED AFTER THE MANNER OF DR. BARCLAY,
ACCORDING TO THEIR ACTIONS.
THE HEAD IS MOVED
Forwards by
riatysma myoides,
Sterno-mastoiiteus,
Rectus aiiticus major,
" " minor.
Assisted {when the lower jaw is
fixed) by
Mylo-hyoideus,
Genio-hyoideus,
(!eiiio-hyo-glo3SU3,
Digastric!.
Backwards by
Part of trapezius,
Splenius capitis,
Ciiiiiplexus,
Traclielo-iiiastoidniis,
Rectus posticus major,
" " minor,
Obhquus capitis superior.
To either side by
Platysina myoides,
Steriio-rnastoideiis,
Part of trapezius,
Splenius capitis,
cciii,
Traclipln-iiiasloideus,
CoHiplexus.
THE NECK IS MOVED
Forwards by
Platysma myoides,
Sti'rno-mastoideus,
Diiastriciis,
Mylo hyoideus,
Genio-hyoideus,
Genio-liyo-glossus
Omo hyoidei,
Sterno-hyoidei,
Thyro-hyoidei,
Rectus anticus minor,
Longus colli.
V
Backwards by
Part of trapezius,
Rlionilioideiis minor,
Perratiis posticus superior,
Splenius capitis,
colli,
Coinploxiis,
Tracliflo-mastoideus,
Transversalis colli,
Iiiterspinalf's colli,
Seniispiiialis colli,
Rectus posticus m.ijor,
" " minor.
Obliquus capitis superior,
■• " inferior,
Scaleni postici,
Levator scapuls.
Laterally by
Various comliinations of thono mm-
cles which srparalciv move it for
wards and liackwards assi.Med hy
tlie sralcni, iotertrans\irsaie3, and
recti lateralca.
MUSCLE
(11 1
MUSCLE
Forwards by
THE TRUNK IS MOVED
Bacliicnrda by
Rentii.i ainlominis,
Pyraniiilulis.
Ulilin'iO'' L'Xterniis abilominis,
l)bli(|iiiiK iiiti'i'iius,
I'ltdas 111,-iKiiiis,
parvus,
Trapoziiis,
Rhiiinlioiilcus major,
I.aiissiMiiis (lorsi,
Si.Tratus posticus superior,
" " inferior,
Sacro-lumbalis,
L"Ti!!i.-'siMius (lorsi,
Amistcd [when the (irms are carried PpiiKcIrs dnr<j,
forward!-) bij Si-riii-^liinali's'dorsi,
Pectoralis major, IMultifnlus spio^p,
fiiiiior, Iiiicr-traMsVL-rsalcs dorsi et lumbo-
SerratuB ma'Mius. ruui.
Literally by
Obliquus externiis,
iMleniiis,
duailratus luinliorura,
L.oii<rissiu]us (torsi,
Sacro liiiiibalis,
Scrrati postici,
Latissiiiius dorsi.
U/iinnrds by
Tr;i|icziMS,
I^cvMtor s( apiilaj,
lllloniboiJei.
THE SCAPULA IS MOVED
Downwards by
Lower part of trapezius,
Latissitiius dorsi,
Pectoralis iiiinor.
Forwards by
Pectoralis minor,
Serratus niai'uus.
Backwards '-y
Part of nap(,'zius,
Khomboidei.
Latissiuius dorsi.
Forwards by
Part of deltoid,
Part of pectoralis major.
Backwards by
Part of deltoid.
Teres triajor,
minor,
Jissisted in some circum- liOnt' licad of triceps,
stances by Latissinius dorsi.
Ilireps,
(Juracu-brachialis.
THE HUMERUS IS MOVED
Inwards by
Part of pectoralis major,
Latissimus dorsi.
Rotated inwards by
Siibscapularia,
j^ssixted occasionally by
Pectoralis major,
Laiisoiiuus and teres ma-
jor.
Outwards by
Snpra-ppinatus,
Infraspinatus,
Teres minor.
Forwards by
Biceps,
Bratbialis anticus,
Pronator teres,
Assisted by
Flexor carpi radialig
" suhlimis,
" ultiaris.
Supinator loiigus.
THE PORE-ARM IS MOVED
Backwards by
Triceps,
Anconeus.
Rotated inwards by
Pronator teres.
Flexor carpi radialis,
Palmaris loriffus.
Flexor subiimis.
Pronator qiiadratus,
Outwards by
Biceps,
Supinator lirevis,
Exiensor secundi inter-
iiodii.
THE CARPUS IS MOVED
Forwards by
Flexor carpi radialis,
I'alinaris |on!;us,
flexor sulilidiis,
" carpi (ilnaris,
'• profundus,
" loiigus pollicis.
Backwards by
Outwards by
Extensor carpi radialis Flexor carpi radialis,
loiisior, ~
Extensor carpi radialis
brcvior.
Extensor secundi iiiter-
nodii.
Indicator,
Extensitr cominunis di^i-
lornm.
Extensor proprius pollicis.
Inwards by
Flexor sublimia.
Extensor carpi radialis " carpi ulnaria,
lonirior. " profundus.
Extensor carpi radialis Extensor communis digi
brevior, torum.
Extensor ossis inetararpi, Extensor minimi disriti,
Extensor priini interiiodii, Extensor carpi ulnaria.
THE THUMB IS MOVED
Inwards and forwards
acriiis the palm, by
'M'ponens pollicis,
K'( xoi lirevis,
" Jon^ua
Outwards and backwards
by
Upwards and forwards,
nwny from the other fin-
gers, by
Extensor ossis meiacarpi Abductor,
pollicis,
Extensor priini internodii, Jlssisted by part of titt,
Extensor secundi inter-
nodii.
Flexor brevis.
Barkirnrd^ and inwards,
to the other fingers, by
Adductor,
Rxtensor primi internodii.
Extensor secundi inter-
nodii.
MUSCLE
612
MUSCLE
THE FINGERS ARE MOVED
iliL'iti iiiiiiiini, Iiitorossei
Outwards, lo rnilial bor-
Fbru,ards. or flexed, by Backwards, or extended, by dcr. by Inwards U,
Flexor «Mt,limis, Extensor CHinnninis, Abductor in.iiris, Al.rturtor.ligili minimi,
.. nr,if,iii.iii<j " iiiiaiuii iligiti,
• 1 ,■ .,1 .„ Tr,,i;,-nff.r Interossei.
IiitcriissfM,
Flexor brevis digiti mi-
nimi,
Abductor digiti minimi.
Indicator.
THE THIGH IS MOVED
Fomoards by
P3oas nia;;niis,
Jliacus,
Tmisor vagina; femons,
Fectinoiis.
Adductor loiieus,
brevis.
Backwards by
Glutoiis nia\iiiuis.
Part nf gluteus medius,
Pvrifiiriuis,
Obturator intemus,
Part of adductor niagnus,
l.ouff head of biceps,
Pcuii-lendinosus,
Seuii-menibrauosus.
Inwards by
Psoas maguus,
Iliacus.
Pcrtincus,
Gracilis.
Adductor lonffus,
brevis,
" niaunus.
Obturator cxtprnus
auadratus feinoris
Outjraids by
Tensor vasina- femorls
Glut(-us iiiaxluiu!),
" medius,
" niiiiiinus,
Pyriforniis.
THE THIGH IS ROTATED
Inwards by
Tensor vaaina; femoris.
Part of gluteus medius,
.and, when the leg is ex-
tended, by
Sartorius.
Semi-teiidinosus.
Outwards by
Oluteuii maxiuius.
Part of iriuteus mediilS,
Pyriformis.
Gemellus superior.
Obturator iuternus,
Gemellus inferior.
Ouadratus femoris,
Ohturalor externus,
Psoas magnus,
Iliacus.
Adductor longus,
" brevis,
" macniis.
Biceps cruris, slightly.
Backwards, or flexed, by
Semi-tendinosus,
Hiceps,
Semi-menibranosus,
Gracilis,
Sartorius,
Popliteus.
THE LEG IS MOVED
Extended by
Rectus,
(Vureus,
Vastus externus,
" internus.
THE FOOT IS MOVED
FbraarA?, or flexed, by Backwards, or extended by Inclined inwards by
Tibialis antirus.
Extensor proprius pollicis.
Extensor lougus digito-
rum,
Peroneus tcrtius.
Gastrocnemius,
Plantaris,
Soleus,
Flexor lonsus diiitnrum,
lonirus pollicis,
Tibialis pnslirus,
Peroneus loniius,
" brevis.
Extensor proprius pollicis,
Flexor lonsus diaitoruui,
loticus pollicis,
Tibialis posticus.
Outwards by
Peroneus loncus,
" brevis.
Extensor loiigus digito-
riim,
Peroneus tertiiis.
Backtcards. or flexed, by
Abductor pollicis,
Flexor brevis diiiforurn,
Abductor minimi di;'iti,
Flexor Innsus pollicis,
(linitorum,
" accessorius,
1,'imbricali's,
FI"Xor brevis pollicis.
Adductor polli'-is
Flexor brevis minimi dl-
eiti.
luterosijei.
THE TOES ARE MOVED
Forwards, or extended, by Inclined inwards by
Extensor longus digito- Abductor pollicis,
rum, Interossei.
Extensor proprius pollicis,
" brevis digitorum.
Outwards by -
Adductor pollicis.
" digiti uiinimi,
Interossei.
MUSCLE CAXiy
013
MUSCULINE
Muscles have been variously named. I. Ac-
Ciii'diiiij to their usen, as diiiplinisjrn, bucciniitor,
extensors, ilt'xors, adductors, ab<liictors, levators,
depressorii, <fec. 2. Acrordiur/ to their 2iositioii,
ns interspinales, interossei, subclavius, pojdita'us,
anconeus, cubitalis, iliacus, teinporaUs, &c. 3.
Acnirdiii/f to their shape, as trapezius, splenius,
lumbricalis, serratus, digastric, deltoid, scalenus,
rhoinboides, &c. 4. According to their dinieii-
tloiiH, as pectoralis major, rectus capitis anticus
major, pectoralis minor, gluticiis inaxinius, me-
dia?, and minimus. 6. Aecordiixj to their direc-
tion, as oblit[uus abdominis, transver.salis abdo-
uiinis, rectus fcmoris, rectus abdominis, &c. 6.
Acc'irdiiif/ to their composition, as semi-membra-
nosus, seini-tendinosus, complexus, ifce. 7. Ac-
cordiiKj to their attach meiiti, or the different
points of the skeleton with which they are con-
nected by means of tendons or aponeuroses ; as
(itcrno-cleido-inastoideiis, storiio-liyoideus, Ac.
On this ia grounded the nomenclature of M. Du-
mas, and that of Chaus.-^ier.
The end of the muscle, which adheres to the
most fixe<l part, is usually called the origin or
heitd, (F.) Tete ; and that which adheres to the
more moveable part, the insertion or tail, (F.)
Ijiteiie ; the ititervening part or body of the mus-
cle hcing called the venter or hellij. Venter niun'-
culi, Me'dium mns'cnli, (F.) Ventre: hence the
niimes gastrocnemii, digastricus, biceps, and tri-
ceps ; according as they have two b'ellies, two or
three heads, <fec.
Muscles are formed, — 1. Essentially of the
vinHcidiir or Jieih;/ fibre, (see Muscular Fibre.)
2. Of Areolar tixsne, which unites together the
fibres. This areolar tissue is not very visible
hctween the fine and loose fibres ; but becomes
more so, when they unite in more considerable
fasciculi. It forms, moreover, to each muscle, an
external envelope, which unites it to the neigh-
bouring parts, and admits of its motion. This
envelope was formerly called Tn'nica pro'prin
miinfulii'min. 3. Of Arteries. These proceed
(torn neighbouring trunks, and are, generally,
very large. Their size and number arc always
in proportion to the bulk of the muscle. With
llie exception of some viscera, as the lungs and
the kidneys, there are few organs that receive as
much hlood as the muscles. 4. Of Veins. They
follow the same course in the muscles as the ar-
teries. I5ichat asserts that they are generally
devoid of valves. 5. Of Lymphatics. Of these
we know little, and cannot easily follow them
between the fleshy fibres. 6. Of Xerves. These
are numerous, and of different sizes. They, al-
most all, proceed from the encephalon ; some,
however, issue from ganglions, and accompany
the arteries. In general, they penetrate the
fleshy tissue along with the vessels, with which
tlicy are closely united. After they have en-
tered the muscles, fhey divide and subdivide
until they are tost sight of.
MU.'^CLE C.\NFN, Levator anguli oris — m.
CanneU, Ischio-trochnnterianus.
MiiscLB OF Oavard. Tho oblique muscular
fibres (if the stomach.
MUSOLP; GRAND FESSTER. Glutreus ma-
jor— m. of (juthrie, Compressor IJrethne — m. of
llorner, Tensor Tarsi— m. of Houston, Compres-
sor vena^ ilorsalis penis — m. tres Large du dos.
Latissimus dorsi — ni. of Wilson, Compressor ure-
thra\
MUS'CULAR, ]fniscn/a'ris. Muscnjo'sns, Toro'-
»"«. (F.) Jfnsenlaire, ^fn>tcnlellx. That which
belongs or relates to the muscles. Well furnished
with muscles, Laverto'sits,
MisiM-LAU Ar'tkrif.s. Artcries that arc dis-
tributed to the uuiselcs. The name. Muscular
Arteries of the eye, has been especially given to
two branches sent off by the ophthalraic artery:
— the one, inferior, which furnishes branches to
the rectus inferior oculi, lachrymal sac, <tc., and
some of the anterior ciliary arteries: the other
— the superior, which is sometimes wanting; but,
when it exists, gives branches to the rectus su-
perior oculi and levator palpchra; superioris.
Muscular Contuac'tion. The exertion of the
power, possessed by muscles, of shortening them-
selves, or of contracting to produce motion: —
muscular motion being the change in the situa-
tion and relation of organs, induced by muscular
contraction. When a muscle contracts, its fibres
assume more the zigzag direction, and the extre-
mities approximate ; but the bulk of the whole
muscle is not augmented. This contraclion takes
place, at times, with extreme velocity: a single
thrill, in the letter n, can be pronounced in the
1-30, 000th part of a minute. The force of con-
traction, 3fi/oihj'namis, depends upon the healthy
physical condition of the muscle, comliined with
due energy of the brain. The duration, in vo-
luntary motion, is for a certain time dei>endent
upon the will : — contractions, excited involunta-
rily, cannot be so long maintained.
Muscular Cukre.nt. A current, which, ac-
cording to Matteucci, exists in every living mus-
cle, whose tendinous extremities are, not equally
disposed — one, for example, forming a cord; the
other broad and ribbon-like — and which circu-
lates in the muscle from the tendinous extremity
to the muscular surface.
Muscular Fibre, Fleshy fibre, Filum muscu-
la're, Fibrii'la musculo' ris. A name given to
the filaments, which, by their union, form the
muscles. This fibre is flat, soft, downy, linear,
but little elastic, and more or less red. It is
firmer in adults than in the young or the
aged: of the same size in the great and small
muscles; and runs its course without bifurcation
or ramification. It is but slightly resisting in the
dead body, tearing readily : but during life it
supports very great efforts without laceration. It
is, itself, composed of a considerable number of
fibrils, similar to each other, and subdividing al-
most ad infinitum. The ultimate filaments into
which the fibre can be decomposed by mechani-
cal means seem to be hollow or tubular. The
fibre exists under two forms, the striated or
striped, (F.) Fibre striee, and the non-striated,
smooth, or unstriped, (F.) Fibre lisse ; the mus-
cles composed of the former ministering, as a
general rule, to the animal functions, — the latter
always, perhaps, to the organic. The colour of
the muscular fibres is red in man, and white in
several animals. A greater or less number, —
united in fasciculi, Fascic'uli seu Lacer'ti mns-
cnlo'rum, approximated to each other, and form-
ing a distinct mass, of very variable size and
shape, the extremities being attached to bones by
means of tendons, — constitutes a muscle. In
this are included areolar membrane, vessels and
nerves. See Muscle.
]MrscuLAK Nerves. The -nerves distributed
to the muscles are so named. Winslow cills the
4th pair of nerves — Xerf musculaire oblique su-
2)erieur.
MusciTLAR SrsTEM. A term given to the ag-
greirate of the muscles of the body.
Muscular Veins. These bring back the
blood, which has been carried to the muscles by
the niusculiir arteries.
MUSCULARIS, Corroborant.
MUSCULATEOX. See Locomotion.
JfUSCrf. EUX. .Muscular.
MUSCULI ACCESSORIIAD SACRO-LUM-
BALEM, see Sacro-lumbalis— m. Vapillares. Co-
lumnar carnca- — m. Pectinati, Pectinated muscles.
MUSCULINE, see Fibriu.
MUSCULO-CUTANEOUS
614
MUTITE
MUS'CULO-CUTA'NEOUS, M,i«'culo-cvta'-
tipiiv, from miisciiliis, ' a inusicle,' nnJ cutis, ' skin.'
Thiit which appertains to muscles and skin.
MuscuLO-CuTANEors Nkrve. This name is
especially given to two nerves; — the one, the
E.i-teriKil cutaneous nerve, furnished b.V the bra-
chial plexus (see Cutaneous : — ) the ather, gjiven
oQ" from the poplityous externus, (F.) Nerf Scint-
ique, Popliie ejcterne, Pretibio digital (C'h.). It
descends on the anterior and outer part of the
leg, — at first, hid among the muscles; becomes
superficial about the middle of the leg; and di-
vides into two branches, which pass superficially
on the back of the foot. Two musculo-cutaneous
nerves — superior and inferior — proceed from the
first lumbar. The superior musculo-cutaneous —
il'io-scrotal, il' io-ln/pi></as'trieus — which divides
into two branches, — abdominal and scrotal. The
■inferior vrusculo-cntaneous is smaller than the
superior, and is distributed as its name, il'io-in'-
guinal, indicates.
MUSCULO-RACHID^E'US. Belonging or re-
lating to muscles and to the spine. A name given
to branches, furnished behind by the intercostal,
lumbar, and sacral arteries, which are distributed
to the spine and to the muscles of the neighbour-
hood.
MUSCULOSA EXPANSIO, Platysma my-
oides.
MITSCULO-SPIRAL NERVE, Radial nerve.
MUSCULOSUS, Muscular.
MUSCULUS ACCLIVIS, Obliquus internus
abdominis — m. Au.xiliarius, Pyramidalis abdomi-
jiig — 111. Constrictorius, Sphincter — m. Cutaneus,
Platysma myoides— m. Eustachii, La.xator tym-
pani — m. Fallopii, Pyramidalis abdotninis — m.
Femoris membranosus, Fascia lata — m. Patientia%
Levator scapulae — m. Penicillatus, Levator labii
inferioris — m. Pyxoides terrcstris. Lichen pyxi-
datus — m. Scandularius, Parathenar — m. Subcu-
taneus, Platysma myoides — m. Succenturiatus,
Pyramidalis abdominis — m. Succingens, Dia-
phragm— m. Supercilii, Corrugator supercilii —
in. Testicondus, Cremaster — m. Testis, Cremaster
— m. Tubffi nova3, Circuraflexus.
MUSCUS ARBOREUS, Lichen plicatus — m.
Caninus, Lichen caninus — m. Catharticus, Lyco-
podium selago — m. Clavatus, Lyeopodium — m.
Corallinus, Corallina Corsicana — m. Cranii hu-
man!. Lichen saxatilis — m. Erectus, Lyeopodium
selago — ra. Ilelminthocortos, Corallina Corsicana
• — m. Islandicus, Lichen islandicus — m. Marinus.
Corallina Corsic;ina — m. Maritimus, Corallina —
m. Pulmonarius quercinus, Lichen pulmonarius
— m. Pyxidatus, Lichen pyxidatus — m. Villosus,
Peristroma.
MUSEAU DE TANCIIE, Os uteri.
MUSE'UM ANATOM'ICUiM, SupeVlex ana-
tom'ica. An anatomical museum.
MUSHROOM, Fungus.
MUSIC, Jlu'sica, (F.) Musiqne, from fiovaa,
muKd, 'a song.' The art of producing harmo-
nious and cadenced sounds; an art, which has,
at times, been beneficially used in diseases, par-
ticularly in those of the mind ; or on which the
mind could act in a salutary manner.
MUSICOMA'NIA, 3fusoma'uia, from music,
and mania. A variety of monomania in which
the passion for music is carried to such an extent
as to derange the intellectual faculties.
MUSINri, LISTLESS, Aphelxia otiosa,
MFKIQUE, Music.
MUSK, Moschus, Mosch (Arab.), (F.) iTusc.
A peculiar concrete animal substance, of a very
diffusible odour, bitter taste, and a deep brown
colour: solid, and enclosed in the preputial folli-
cles of 3Iosehu8 moschif'erus, 3lusk Deer, (F.)
Chevrotain porte-musc. It is possessed of stimu-
lant and antispasmodic properties. Dose, gr. x
to ,^j in bolus.
MliSK, AllTIPI0"lAL, Moschus f<iclit"iHS, Eesi'.
na Suc'ciui. (01. succiiii recti/. 1 part, acid,
nitric, i ■parts. Digest; — a black matter will be
deposited, which must be well washed wilh
water.)
MUSKGRAPE FLOWER, Bulbus vomitnrius.
MUSKMAI,LOW, Hibiscus abelmosehus.
MUSK HOOT, Sumbul.
MUSKSEED, see Hibiscus abelmosehus.
MUSK WOOD, Thy mi a ma.
MUSOMANIA, Musicomania.
MUSQUITO, Mosquito.
MUSSyEN'DA FROND0'SA,/?<'WM,7?^/f'mn.
A decoction of this Ceylonese plant has been es-
teemed refrigerant.
MUSSEL. Mvtilus cdulis.
MUSSELLED. see Mytilus edulis.
MUSSITA'TIO, Mussifa'tion, from mv.osiiare.
muesitatum, itself from mussare, 'to munmir.' A
condition, in which the tongue and lijis move, ns
in the act of speaking, but without sounds being
produced. This sort of murmuring is an unfa-
vourable sign in disease, as indicating great cere-
bral debility.
MUSTA'CEUM: from Mustacea, a kind of
laurus used in making it. A kind of wedding-
cake used by the ancients, which consisted of
meal, aniseed, cummin, and several other aroma-
tics ; its object — it has been conceived — being to
prevent or remove the indigestion occasioned by
too great indulgence at the marriage feast. Lnu-
reoJum in mustaceo quarcre — '' to seek for glory
in pitiful performances." — Cicero.
MUSTACHE, Mysta.x.
MUSTARD, BLACK, Sinapis — m. Clammy,
Polanisia graveolens — ni. Essence of. White-
head's, see Sinapis — in. False, Polanisia graveo-
lens— m. Green, Lepidium sativum — ni. Hedge,
Erysimum — m. Mithridate, Thlaspi canipnptre —
m. Stinking hedge, Alliaria — m. Treacle, TJjliispi
arvense — m. White, Sinapis alba — m. AVild, Sina-
pis arvensis.
MUSTFLANEUS, Galeancon.
MUSTUM, Wort.
MUTACIS'MUS, 3fu'tacism, from iivraKii^m,
'1 use the letter m, uv, too frequently.' A vicious
pronunciation ; consisting, according to Sauvagcs,
in the frequent repetition of the letters m, b, and
p, which are substituted for others.
MUTA'TIO SEXUS. 'A change or conversion
of sex.' A notion prevailed in antiquity that
such a conversion was possible.
MUTEO'SIS, from mufus, 'dumb.' Under this
name is comprehended every phenomenon of ex-
pression, voluntary and involuntarj', which im-
presses the sight or touch.
MUTILA'TION, Mutila'tio, Ifniminq, from
mutilus, 'broken.' The removal or privation of
a limb, or of some other external part of the
body. In all countries, this crime has been pun-
ished with severity.
MUTINUS, Penis.
MUTTSME, Mutitas.
MU'TITAS, {mntus, (F.) Sfuet, 'dumb.') Oh-
tumesreu'tia,A/(i'lia,Anau'dia, VumhucKs, Speech'-
lesxness, (F.) Jfutistiie, 3futite. Impossibility of
articulatimj sounds; although they can be eli-
cited. Dumbness is often congenital, and united
with deafness, of which it is an effect. In fouie
cases it is accidental.
MrTlTAS ^vnno'Kvyt, Apho'nin Siirdorum, Sur-
domu'tilas, Deaf-durnhness, (F.) SurdimutitL
Speechlessness from deafness: congenital, or pro-
duced during infancy. The subjects of this affec-
tion arc called deaf-dumb, (F.) Sourde-muett.
3IUTITE, Mutitas.
MUTO
Gl
MYLO-HYOlDEUS
MUTO. Ponis.
M U TO N I AT US, Membrosus.
MUTTKllKO UN, Ergot.
MUTTON TEA. Prepared from a pound of
miillDii, froeJ from the fiit and cut into thin slices ;
ami a pint and a iialf of boilini^ soft uvi^er poured
over lliera, as in the case of beef tea ; e.xcept that
it requires to be boiled for half an hour after the
maceration, before it is strained through a sieve.
MUTUNNUS, Priapus.
MYACANTJIA, Kuscus.
MYAI,(iIA, Crauip.
MYASTllEXI'A, from /tv;, 'a muscle/ and
aoSfi'fiu, 'debility.' Muscuhir debility.
MVCr;, Ordusion.
MYCivS, Funj,'us.
MY CUM US, Siispirium.
MYCirnirSMUS, Moaning, Suspirium.
MYCODEKM'A, Mi/'codenn ; from iivKVi, 'a
muslirooin,' and itpfta, 'skin.' A cryptogamous
growth, which constitutes the crusts of favus.
iSee Porrigo favosa.
Mycookiima Ckrbviri^j, Torula cerevisiic.
MvconKHMA V\.\CA^., Trichoiiiaph'ytoti. A cryp-
togamous growth, said to be the essence of Plica.
MYCODKR-MITIS, Mucitis.
MVCODES, Funsroid.
MYCODlARRHa'M. see Diarrhoea.
MYCODY.SKNTEKIA, sec Dysentery.
MYCO'.'IITMISIS, see Hronchorrlioea.
MYCORTlIOPNtE'A; from ^«/cos, 'mucus,'
and of)9o-voia, 'difficulty of breathing except
when in the erect attitude.' Orthopnoea from
excessive .secretion of mucus in the air-passages
— OrthopiKi-'n pitiii'to'sa.
MYCOSIS, Fungus.
MYCTERES. Mvxic, Nares.
MYCTEROPHOXIA, Hhinophonia.
MYCTEROXE'ROTES. Jfijrttro.ccro'sis, from
livKTtipa, ' tiic nares,' and ^rjijorris, 'dryness.'
A'u'iiiim sic'cltas. Dryness of the interior of the
nose.
MYCUS, Mucus.
MYDE'SIS, from jtvSaia, '1 abound with mois-
ture,' 'I am putrid.' Moisture. In its most
general sense, it means corruption. By some, it
is used for a mucous discharge from inflamed
eyelids.
MYDON, iivi]ij>v. Same etymon. Fungous or
putrid flesh in certain fistulous ulcers. — Pollux.
Also, flesh putrid from mouldiness.
MY'DRI'ASIS, r/atip'or'ia, Plafycori'anis,
Amiplri'dxin. A name given by several writers
to morbid dilatation of the pupil ; and, by others,
to wcalvness of sight, produced by hydrophthal-
niia, or superabundance of humours, from itvSoi,
'moisture.'
MYDHIAT'TCUS, Mi/driai'i'c. Relating to or
causing dilatation of the pupil. — Pereira.
MYKLAL'tilA ; froui fivc\oi, 'the si)inal mar-
row,' and aXyui, 'pain.' Pain in the spinal mar-
row.
MYRLANAEOSTS, Tabes dorsalis.
MYELAPOPLl'^XIA, Apojjlexia myelitica.
MYELATELI'A; from /ii>cA«s, 'the spinal
marrow,' and ariXua, (a, privative, and rf>oj,
'end,') 'want of end or finish.' Incompleteness
of the spinal marrow.
j\l YE I, ATROPHIA, Tabes dorsalis.
MY ELITE, Myelitis.
MYEIjI'TIS, .U. pnreiirhi/ninlo'Ka seu gptno'lin,
InlliiKiiiiii'tio tiiediil'ltB Hjiina'lifi, Sjiiiii'tig, Sjiiiio-
(liirsi'liH, XotoDii/e/i'tiK, /{nchiomi/eli'tia, Rnchinl-
gi'tiH (of some), (F.) Jfi/flile, Iii/lummtition de la
tnotlle fpinifre, I. rnchidieiiiie, from /iiirAof, 'the
marrow,' and {tin, denoting inflammation. In-
fl;immation of the sjiinal marrow or its mem-
branes ;— indicated by deep-seated burning pain
in the spine, with various nervous and vascular
irregularities of function. It is not common.
Dr. Marshall Hall proposes to call inflammation
of the membranes of the brain 3fein)i(/itis ; that
of the substance of the brain Myditln.
Myelitis Pbtechialis, Meningitis, cerebro-
spinal— m. Spinalis, Myelitis — m. Exsudativa,
llydrorachis — m. Parenchyuiatosa, Myelitis.
MYEEOCIIY'SIS, llydrorachis.
MY'ELOCYTES, from iLvt\oi, 'marrow,' and
KVToi, a mass, body or cell. Granules of the
brain. Nuclei of the cells of the gray substance.
MYELOGANGLIITIS, Cholera (sporadic).
MY'ELOID, Mijeloi'des, Jfi/elo'des ; from /urc-
Xoj, ' marrow,' and £({5o5, 'resemblance.' Marrow-
like.
Myeloid Tumor, Fibroplastic tumour. A sar-
comatous tumour, the more characteristic consti-
tuents of which are — peculiar many-nucleated
corpuscles, which have been recognised as con-
stituents of the marrow and diploe of bones, es-
pecially in the fretus, and in early life. — Paget.
MYELOMA, see Encephaloid.
MYELOMALACIA, Mollities medullse spinalis.
MYELOMENINGITIS, Meningitis, spinaL
MYELOMYCES, see Encephaloid.
MYELON, Medulla spinalis.
MYELOPARALYSIS, Paraplegia.
MYELOPIITIIISIS, Tabes dorsalis— m. Sicca,
Tabes mesenterica.
MYELOPIIY'MATA, Tuhcr'cdn medidlop. spi-
na'lis, from fivcXog, 'marrow,' and (pv/Aa, 'a tuber-
cle.' Tubercles of the spinal marrow.
MYELOPLAXE, ham /iveXos, 'marrow,' and
irAa^, 'a plate or lamella.' Plates or lamellae
with numerous nuclei in the marrow of bones. —
Robin.
MYELORRHAGIA, Apoplexia myelitica.
MYELOSPONGUS, see Encephaloid.
MY'^ELUS, Marrow, Medulla spinalis — m. Di-
auchenius. Medulla spinalis — m. Dorsites, Me-
dulla spinalis — m. Notiaus, Medulla spinalis — ■
m. Psoitos, Medulla spinalis.
MY''ENERGI'A, from iivg, 'a muscle,' cy, and
tfiyov, 'work.' Muscular strength.
MY'GMUS, Suspirium.
MYIOCEPIIALUM. Staphyloma.
MYIODOPSIA, Metamorphopsia.
MY'ITIS. Myositis, Rheumatism, acute.
MYLABRIS CICIIORII, see Cantharis — m.
Punctata, see Cantharis — m. Pustulata, see Can-
tharis.
MYLACEPH'ALUS, from iivXn, 'a mole,' a,
privative, and Kt<paXt), 'head.' A monster with
only traces of viscera, and without head or ex-
tremities.
MYLACRI, Molar teeth.
MYLACRIS, Patella.
MYLE, Patella. Mole.
MYLICUS. Molar.
JIY'LO, in composition, from nv\ri, 'the jaw.'
Relating or belonging to the jaw.
MYLODI, Molar teeth.
MYLODONTES. Molar teeth.
MY'LO-GLOSSUS, from mi/lo„ and y\u)(r<ra,
'the tongue.' Winslow has given this name to
muscular fibres, which pass from the posterior
part of the myloid line of the lower jaw, and
from the sides of the base of the tongue to the
parietes of the pharynx. These fibres belong to
the constrictor suj)erior pharyngis.
MYLO-HYOID LINE, see Mylo-hyoideus.
MYLO-Hvoin Furrow or Groove. A furrow
which passes from the superior orifice of the in-
ferior dental canal of the lower jaw in the same
direction as the canal, and lodges the niyto-ht/uid
iierre, a branch of the inferior-dental.
MvLO-IIvoin Nkrve, see Mvlo-hyoid furrow.
MYLO-lIYOiDEUS, from iin/lo, and 'voaSr];,
'the OS hyoides.' Myluo'des, (F.) Jlylo-hyoidien,
MYLO-rilARYXGEUS
61 T)
MYRICA ASPLENIFOLIA
The Mijlo-pharynriens of ^lorgasni anil Santnrini.
This muscle is situate at the upper and anterior
part of the neck, behind the lower jaw. It is
broad, flat, and has the form of a truncated tri-
angle. It arises from the internal ahliipie, inter-
iial moxillnry or mijlo-hyoid line of the lower jaw
bone, and is inserted at the fore part of the body
of the OS hyoides. Its innermost fibres unite with
those of the opposite side to form a raphe on the
median line. The mylo-hyoideus raises the os
hyoides and carries it forward, or it depresses the
lower iaw.
MYLO-PIIARYNGEUS, Constrictor pharyn-
gis, Mvlo-hyoideus.
MYLUOi)ES, Mylo-hyoideus.
MYO, in composition, from /nvav, 'a muscle.'
Appertiiininft or relating to a muscle,
MYOCARDITIS, Carditis.
MYOCEPIIALI'TIS, Myi'tis cephaVico ; from
wyo, K!.^l>a\ii, 'head,' and itis, denoting inflamma-
tion. Inflammation of the muscles of the head.
iMYOCEPIIALON, Staphyloma.
MYOCOilLIAL'GIA, from myo, Koi\ia, 'abdo-
men,' and u\ytu>, 'I suffer.' Pain in the muscles
of the abdomen.
MYOCCELI'TIS, 3fyoccelii'tis, Jnfnmma'tio
imiKculo'rmn ahdoniino'linm, from myo, koiXki,
Mower belly,' and itis, denoting inflammation.
Inflammation of the muscles of the abdomen.
MYODEOPSIA, Metamorphopsia.
MYO'DES, from myn, and £i^oj, 'resemblance.'
Like unto muscle. Muscular.
MYODESOPIA, Metamorphopsia.
MYODRSOPSIA, Metamorphopsia.
MYODYNA'MIA, Via mnnculn'ria ; from myn,
and Swants, 'power.' The force or power of a
uuiscle.
MYODYNAMICS, see Muscular contraction.
MYODYN AM IOMETER, Dynamometer.
MYODYNAMOMETER, Dynamometer.
MYODYN'IA, from myo, and oiwri, 'pain.'
Pain in the muscles, — rheumatismal or other,
llheumatism.
MYonvN'iA iNFLAMMATOniA, Myositis.
MYOG'RAPIIY, Ifyof/ra'phiri, from myo, and
Ypt<l>civ, 'to describe.' An anatomical description
of the muscles.
MYOID, ]\/yo'i'des, from fivi, 'muscle,' and
£(oo;, 'resemblance.' An epithet given to tu-
mours composed of fibre cells or muscular fibres
of organic life.
MYOLEM'MA, 3fyole'v>a, from myo, and Xf^/ia,
'a coat.' The memlaranous tube of each muscu-
lar fibre. It has also the same signification as
Sorroleinma.
MY'OLINE, from fjvwv, 'a muscle.' A name
given by Mr. Erasmus Wilson to a transparent
substance that fills the cells, which, he conceives,
bv their juxtaposition form the ultimate muscular
fibril.
MYOL'OGY, 3f;,'nlnrj"ia, Sarcolog'in, Mymol-
or)"ia, from myo, and Xoyo;, 'a discourse.' That
part of anatomy which treats of the muscles.
MYON, Muscle.
MYONARCO'SIS, from myo, and vapKt], 'stu-
por.' Numbness of the muscles.
MYONITIS, Myositis.
MYON'OSUS, Myonn'sHS, ^fyopnthi'a, from
vyn, and voao;, ' disease.' A disease of the
muscles.
MYOPALMUS, PubsuUus tendinum.
MYOPARALYSIS, see Paralysis.
MYOPATHIA. Myonosus.
]\IYOPE. Myops.
JIYOPIIO'NIA, from myo, and c/iwi/j;, 'voice.'
The sound of muscular contraction, — as that of
the ventricles of the heart, during the systole of
that organ.
MYO'PIA, 3fyopi'u8is, LuHcios'itaH, Blyo'sia,
Prirop'Kin propin'qna, Anihlyo'pin dixaltn'runi,
Dyno'pia dinnilo'runi, DyHphu'lin, Vifim jn'rrniiHi,
from fivio, ' I close,' or from itvi, ' a mouse,' and
0)1^, 'the eye;' Jl/y'opy, Sliort-Kif/IiirdiKHK, Kitir-
niyhtedness, Minise-isiylit, I'liililindncn/i, (F.) Viie
coiirte, V. basiie. Persons who can only ,<ico
objects very near. The defect is owing t^o the
too great conve.\ity of the eye, or too great den-
sity of the humours, and is palliated by weariii"
concave glasses.
MYOP'IC, ]ifyop'icui ; same etymon. Shm-t-
siyhted, Porehlind, Purblind, SpurbUnd. Relating
or ai)pertaining to mvopia.
MYOPODIORTIIO'TICON, from ^i,o)i^, 'one
that is short-sighted,' and iiojiiuiTiKov, 'liavin"
power to correct.' An ap|)nr»ti,s for the euro of
short-sightedness. — A. A. Rertbold.
MYOPS, Lncio'ftnH, l/yo'piin, My'upr. Same
etymon. One aS"ectcd with myopia or shurl-
sightedness.
MYOPY, Myopia.
MYORRIIEX'IS, from myo, and p^/fij, 'rup-
ture.' Rupture of a muscle.
MYOSARCO'MA, from jwuiv, 'a muscle,' and
sarcoma. A sarcomatous tumour in which nmscu-
lar fibres are found.
MYO'SIS, from //dw, 'I close.' Ifirroeor'i,,.
Smallness of the puinl. Phthi'sin piipilln'riK.
Permanent contraction of the pupil. Itis usually
caused by iritis, and is e.xtremely difficult to cure.
When it exists to such an extent as to obliterate
the pupil, it is called Synizesia. Also, Myopia.
MYO SITE, Myositis.
MYOSIT'IC, jVyosit'icne, from Myosin. Causing
contraction of the pupil, — as opium. — Pcreira.
MYOSI'TIS, Myi'tis, .Vysi'tia. Myovi'tix, f^ar-
ci'tia, liJieiirnatiii' inns pjder/niono'des, 3ly<><hj)i'in
inflammato'ria, Plilegnin'sia myo'ica, hificmmntio
seu Phle(j'moue 3fn>ivHlo'rnm, (F.) Myonite, In-
flammation dea mnachs, from iivmv, 'a muscle.'
A name proposed by Sagar for inflammation of
the muscles. Also, Rheumatism.
MYOSOTIS, Hieracium pilosella, Rheumatism,
Rheumatism, acute.
MYOSPASMIIS, Cramp.
MYOTILITY, ^fyotiVitaa, (F.) Myntilit('. from
^ivtov, 'a muscle.' Muscular contractility. —
Chaussier.
MYOT'OMY, 3fyotom'ia, from myo, and rciivctv,
'to cut.' The part of practical anatomy which
treats of the dissection of the muscles. Also,
the surgical opera ti(m of the division of muscles
to remove deformity.
MYOTYRBE, Chorea.
MYRAC'OPUM, from ii^pov, 'an ointment,' o,
'privative,' and koto?, 'fatigue.' An ointment
used by the ancients in cases of fatigue.
MYREPSrS, Unguentarius.
MYR'IAGRAMME, from ,/upm. '10,000,' and
Ypafiita, 'gramme.' A weight equal to 10,000
grammes, or to 26 pounds, 9 ounces, and 6
drachms Troy.
MYRIA METRE. A measure of 10,000 me-
tres; equal to 16 miles, 1 furlong, 156 yards, and
14 inches.
MYRICA ASPLENIFOLIA, Comptonia as-
plenifolia — -m. Cerifera, see Cera flava et alba,
and Wax, myrtle.
Myri'cA Gale, 3f. palna'tria, 3fyrtiia Tirahnn'-
tica seu Aiif/'/ica. 3fyrti/o'lia Ji'-l';/ica, Gale,
Gage}, Ehua ayhea'tria, Ae'aron, Elffm/nna, E.
Ciirdo, ChnnKpla^ag'rtua. Dodon/B'a, Dutch vn/rth,
S'u-cet f/ale, Sweet willow, Coitdlcherry myrll<;
(Sc.) Scotch gale, (¥.) Pimcnt Royal, The de Si-
mon Pauli, Gale odorant. Ord. Myricace«. Sex.
Syat. Dioecia Tetrandria. The leaves, flower?,
and seeds have a strong, fragrant smell, and ft
bitter taste. They are used for destroying usoths
^lYRINGA
61 7
MYRTODES
nnd cutaneous insects. Tlie infusion is given iu-
tc-rnrilly us a stoinaohic and VL-iuiifuge.
MVKICA I'ALrsTUlS, M. Gillo.
MYIIINUA, SL'O Tyiiipaiuiin.
MYRIXU I'TIS, Iiijlriiiiiiiu'tio ti/m'pniii, from
JfyriiKjii, ' tlio inunilirana tyiiipani ;' and itin, de-
noting inflammation. Inflammation of tlie mem-
brana tympani; and, also, of tiie tympanum.
MYIUNX, sec Tympanum.
MYRIS, iJivpii, Mijiothe'ce, Nartlie'citi, Nnr-
the'iiiiin, Northfx, from //upor, 'a perfumed oil or
ointment.' A pL-rfumed oil jar or ointment box.
MY'IIIS'TICA, M. Itlimchn'td seu aromat'ica
sen iifficiiia'li'H se[i/rn(jni)it, Gamdvon. N<it. Ord.
Myri.sticea3. Tlie tree which produces the nut-
meg and mace. (F.) Mitscadier. The JVutmer/,
MijriHilcn, (Ph. U. iS.) Jfi/ri'n'titre seu Jf_i/r!n'ticce
moHchn'tcF nit'cleiiH, A'lix moicha'ta seu luujiienta'-
)■/((, NiK-ii'ta, lYiijr nij/rin'tica seu nruitiiit'ica,
Cliri/Kiiliitl'(tiiii8 (Jii/e'iii, UiKjuenfn'ria, As'nnla,
fF.) Miinr.iide, is the seed or kernel. It has a
fragrant, aromatic odour; an agreeable pungent
t-iste, and is much used for culinary purposes.
Alcohol extracts its active matter. It has the
properties of aromaties in general ; being stimu-
lant and stomachic. The oil — O'ieum iiii/riu'licai
feu nKcist'ir eethii-'eitm — possesses the virtues of
t!ie nutmeg. Dose of the nutmeg, gr. v. to Qj ;
— of the oil gtt. iij to gtt. vj.
Mace, Miu'.ln, Jfacen, Flares nxtch seu ma'cidos,
(F.) Flc'iim de miiHCdde, is the involuerum of the
fruit. It. is membranous, with the odour and
taste of the nutmeg, and is possessed of similar
qualities. The O'ieum maris seu ma'cidin is a
fragrant, sebaceous substance, expressed in the
East Indies. It is only used externally. It is
the Adcjjs mi/rls'tlccB, ^^l/t■ls'ti<^cB o'ieum express'-
tiin, O'leitm seu Bdl'Hamiim Jtucis'tas, Butter of
liiittiier/s, ExpreKs'ed oil of jlface.
iMYRISTIC^ NUCLEUS, see Myristica mos-
chiita.
MYUISTICATIO HEPATIS, Liver, nutmeg.
MYllMKOIA, Formica.
MYKMECIASIS, Convulsio cerealis. Formi-
cation.
MYRMECIASMUS, Convulsio cerealis, For-
miciition.
MYRMECISMUS, Convulsio cerealis, Formi-
Cttlion.
MYKMECIZON, Formicant.
MYRMECOSIS, Convulsio cerealis. Formica-
tion.
iMYRAIEX. Formica.
MY'ROB.\L'ANUS. from itvpov,'nn ointment,'
and ji'tXavoi, 'a nut;' so called, because formerly
used in ointment ; Anaeloc'deos, Jfi/ro'bohin, Glaus
iiii'/iieiita'ria^ /'alma, uiiffiieiitario'riim. A dried
Indian fruit, of the plum kind, of different species
(if Termina'lia. Orel. Combretnceae. Of this there
are several varieties — the .V. licllir'icn or Belliric
vii/rahalaii, Ihlh-y,,, nelleri</i. lielii Her/ .-—the M.
rhili'iila or Chelmle mi/roh'ahtn ; the .lA cit'riua
or Yellow mijrtdialan, Ara'ra ; the M. Em'bliea
or emblic mi/robtdrtn, and the 3f. fn'dicn, As'uar,
lialian or Blaek mi/robalan. All the myrobalans
have an unpleasant, bitterish, very austere taste;
nnd strike an inky blackness with a solution of
steel. They are said to possess laxative as well
lis II strin'zent^ properties.
MYROLE.^, see Olea volatilia.
JfY'ROX, Mvrum, Un<;uentum.
MYR(3PISS0CE'R0X. A topical application
in alopecia, referred to by (Jalen ; from /xvpov,
'ointment.' itiaaa, 'pitch.' and xripoi, 'wax.'
MYROPfEUS, IJnguentnrius.
MY'ROPOLE.^, Apothecarv, Unsrnentarius.
MYRO^PERMUM FRUTESCENS. Myroxy-
lum Pcruiferum — m. Peruiferum, see ATyroxylon
Peruiferum — m. of Sonsonate, see Myroxyloa
Peruiferum — m. Toluiferum, see Toluifera Balsa-
UUIIU.
AIYROXYLON, see M. Peruiferum.
MviiOx'vLoN Peiujik'ei'lUM, Mi/rosperTn'um
friites'cens seu Peruif'eriini, Qaiuqiiiiio, from itv-
pov, 'an ointment,' and (vXof, wood;' Cabnrei'ba.
Nat. Ord. LeguminosiE. Supposed to be the tree
which affords the I'eru'vian balsam, Bal'santiim
Penivia'num (Ph. U. S.) seu Perua'iiiim, Fiitzo-
chill, Myrox'xjli Peruiferi bal'sanium, Afi/rojc'ylou,
Cabiireieiba, Indian, Mexican, or American bal-
sam, (F.) Baume de Perou ou des Jndes. This
balsam consists of benzoic acid, resin, and essen-
tial oil. Its odour is fragrant and aromatic; taste
hot and bitter: it is soluble in alcohol, and rnis-
cible in water by the aid of mucilage. It is
stimulant and tonic, and considered to be expecto-
rant: as such, it has been employed in paralysis,
chronic asthma, chronic bronchitis and rheuma-
tism, gleet, leucorrhcea, <fec., and externally, for
cleansing and stimulating foul indolent ulcers.
Dose gtt. V to gtt. XXX.
White Balsam of Pern, Natural balsam, Bal'-
samnm album, Stijrajc alba, Balsamel<B07i, is ob-
tained by incision from Mijrospermum peruif-
erum.
The Myroxylon of Sonsonate in Central
America — Myrospermnm Pereira of Dr. Royle,
has been supposed to furnish balsam of Peru.
Myuoxyi.o.v op Sonsonatr, see M. Peruiferum
— m. Toluiferum, Toluifera Balsamum.
MYRRIIA, Heb. no ; Bola, Stavte, Erf;as'mn,
Mi/rrh, Calo'uia, Siin/rna, jlli/rrlia rubra, (F.)
3/i/rrhe. The exudation, ixvpov, of an unknown
plant of Abyssinia or Arabia Felix, said to he the
B(ds(tmaden'dron mj/rrlia. This gum-resin has n
fragrant, peculiar odour ; and bitter aromatic
taste. It is in reddish-yellow, light, brittle, irre-
gular tears; partially soluble in distilled water
when aided by friction. S. G. 1-,S60. It is stimu-
lant: and has been used in cachectic affections,
humoral asthma, chronic bronchitis, <fec. Dose,
gr. X. to .^j.
MvitniiA Imperfecta, Bdellium.
MYRRIIINE, Mvrtus.
MYRRllTR AXXUA, Athamanta Cretensis —
m. Slnjor, Clueroiihyllum odoratum — m. Odorata,
Chicrophvllum oilnratum. '
MYRSIXA AFRICANA, Tatze.
MYRSIXE, Mvrtus.
MYRSINEL.E'OX, from ixvpaivn. 'the myrtle,'
and eXniov, 'oil.' Oil of myrtle. — Dioscorides.
MYRSIXI'TES, fivpatviTTji. Wine in which
branches of myrtle have been macerated.
MYRTACAXTIIA, Ruscus.
MYRTE CO MM UN, Myrtus.
MY'RTID'AN^OX. pvpTt&nvov. An excrescence,
growing on the trunk of the myrtle, and used as
an astringent. AVith Hippocrates, either the m3'r-
tus caryophyllata or myrtus pimenta. [?] Also, a
wine — Vinnm Mi/rtid'anum — made from wild
myrtle berries.
MYRTIFOLTA BELGICA. Mvrica gale.
MYR'TIFORM, Myrtiform'is, M,/rto'des. from
myrtus, 'a myrtle,' and forma, 'shape.' Having
the shape of a leaf of myrtle. A name given to
a muscle (depressor alii? nasi), to the fossa inci-
sivii ; and to certain caruncles, <fec.
MYRTIFORMIS, Compressor naris. Depressor
alae nasi.
MYRTI'TES, from iivprov. the 'myrtle berry.'
A name given to a medicine prepared with honey
and myrtle berries.
MY'RTLE. ;\Iyrtus — m. Berry, Vaceinium myr-
tillus — m. Candleberry, Jlyrica gale — m. Dutch,
jMvriea sale — m. AVild. Ruscus.
'lArYRTOrilEILIDES, Xvmpbse,
MYRTOCTIILA, Xvmphx.
MYRTODES, Myrtiform.
MYRTON
G18
N.EVUS
MYRTON, Clitoris.
MYIITUS, Mi/r'liiK commu'mn seu communis
Jtdl'icd, fiu/)To;, Myrsi'ne, Jlfi/rrhi'iie, The Myrtle,
(F.) ilyite Commun. Ord. Myrtaeete. The berries
of tViis plant have been recommended in alvine
and uterine fluxes and other disorders of relaxa-
tion and debility. They are moderately astrin-
gent and somewhat aromatic.
MvETiJS Anglic A, Myrica gale — m. Braban-
tiea, Myrica gale.
Myhtus Caryophylla'ta, Oali/ptrau'thei ca-
ryophyUa'tn, Cussin seu Canel'la cari/ophi/llnta,
(F.) Capelet, CaniicUe (/frojlee. The tree which
is considered to afford the Clove baric ; Cortex
caryophijUa'tus sevicaryophyllata. This bark is a
■warm aromatic ; resembling clove with an ad-
mixture of cinnamon. It may be used with the
same views as cloves or cinnamon.
Myhtus Cahyophyllus, Eugenia caryophyl-
lata — m. Leueodendron, Melaleuca cajaputi.
MyrtuS Pime.n'ta, Eiige'nia Pimen'tu. The
tree which bears the Jamaica pepper, Pimen'ta
hacrcB. Pimento berricx. Pimento, Piper caryophyl-
f a' turn seu chia'peB seu odora'tnm Jamaicenae seu
Jamnicenne seu tabae'ciim, Coe'cidi Indi aromat'ici,
Atno'mnm pimentn, Fructas 2^i'»enti, Carive, Ga-
ryophyl'liis America'nus seu Pinien'ta, Allspice,
(F.) Poivre de Janiaiqtie, Tonte epice, Assonroii.
The unripe berries — Pimenta (Ph. U. S.) — have
an aromatic odour: resembling a mixture of cin-
namon, nutmeg, and cloves ; the taste is pungent,
but mixed, like the odour. Like other pei)pers,
this is stimulant and carminative. The oil —
O'leum Pimeii'tce — possesses the virtues of the
berries. The powdered fruit has been called
Quatre fpices or Four xpiceii. Dose, gr. v. to yij.
Aqua Pimen'tce, Pimento water, is officinal in the
London, Edinburgh, an<l Dublin I'harmacopoeias.
It is carminative. Dose, f^j or f 5'j'
MYRUM, Mi/rou, iivpov. A perfumed oil or
ointment. A liquid perfume. The spontaneously
exuding juice of many plants, especially of that
from which myrrh is obtained.
MYS, Muscle.
lAlYSrOLOUTA, Myology.
INIYSITIS, Myositis.
MYSTAX, J/itsld.v, /uu<rrn^, iivara^os. Tlie liair
growing on each side of llie upjier lip in ineii.
Tlie muKtache or muntachio, (Obi Kng.) Mnn-
cfiat'oe, {¥.) J/oimtaclie. Also, the upper lip.
MYSTE'RION, itvcTTipwv, 'a mystery.' An
arcanum, no.-strum, or secret preparation in gene-
ral. Also, an antidote referred to by tJalcn and
others.
MYSTRON, livcTjtov. A Greek measure, whitli
held about three drachms.
MYT'ILUS EDU'LIS. The common mmncl,
(F.) Monk. A bivalve, the flesh of which, when
at all in a state of decomposition, is higlily poi-
sonous. When fresh, it is an agrceiible, luit not
very digestible article of diet, producing, in sonio
persons, all the symptoms of urticaria. One
afi"ected with such phenomena is said, occasionally,
to be nnis' Helled,
MYU'RUS, Mein'rnn. A pulse is so calli'il
when it sinks progressively and becomes sniiillir
and smaller like a rat's tail : from /ju?, ' riit,'
and ovpa, 'tail.' Pnhiis mynrnx reciji'mrvK. a
pulse, which, after having become gradually
weaker resumes, by degreess, its former cha-
racter,
MYXA, Mneus, Sebestina.
MYXiE, Mycteres.
MYXIOSIS, Gonorrhoea impura.
MYXODES, Muciform.
MYXOR'RIIOOS, ^u(oppoof, and //«(«, 'mu-
cus,' and ptw, 'I flow.' One who is subject to
mucous discharge. Applied to an infant, that
discharges a considerable quantity of mucus mid
saliva.
MYXOSARCO'MA, from fiv^a, 'mucus,' and
erapf, aapKOf, 'flesh.' A tumour which is miico-
carneons ; partly mucous and partly fleshy.
MYXOTER, Nasus.
MYZESIS, Sucking.
K
N. This letter, in prescriptions, is an abridg-
ment of Niimero, ' by number.'
NAB'ALUS ALDUS, Prennn'tJies alba seu
serjienta' ria, White Lettuce, Lion's Foot, Rattle-
snake's Master, Rattlesnake root. Gall of the Earth,
from vafi\a, 'a harp,' owing to the lyrate leaves.
An indigenous plant, of the order Compositae,
■which, with several other species of the genus, is
reputed to possess the power of curing the bites
of serpents. The root has been used in dysentery.
Nabamts Frasbki has similar properties.
KABOT, Saccharum candidum.
NABO'THI GLAN'DUL^E, O'vnla seu Ovn
JVabothi seu Nabothin'na, Ova'rinm Nabothi, Fol-
li'culi rotnn'di et oblon'gi, Vesic'nlcp. seu BhUcr
rotnn'dcB cervi'cis n'teri, V. seminn'les mnlie'rnm,
Cor'pora seu Corptis'cnla (/loho'sa, Glandnlat seu
Hijdat'ides eerx'i'cis uteri, Glands of Naboth.
Small, mucous crypts or follicles situate in the
interstices of the duplieatures of the lining mem-
brane of the cervix uteri. Naboth, from noticing
them in a morbid condition, mistook them for
ova; and hence they received the name Ooula
JVnbothi.
NACRA, NaJi-ra, Nnsa. A kind of influenza
common in the East Indies.
NA CRE, Margaritaceous.
NACREOUS, Margaritaceous.
N JiiVI, see Nuevus — n. Pigmentary, see Najvuf.
N^iVUS, Plural A^«(i)'; Ncp.vns mater'nns sea
Siffil'lum, Nota mater'nn. Nevus, Mac'ulm viatri'-
cis seu mater'noE seu matrien'les, Ni>ta>. ivfan'tiim,
I^upus varico'sus, Sti(j'n>ata, 3/etrocel'ides, Coii-
ye?i'ilep notoi, Jfolher's or Fancy marks. Mother's
spots, (F.) Envie, Tache de Naissance. Spots of
various kinds on the skin of children when born,
which have been attributed to the influence of the
maternal imagination on the foetus in utero.
They are of various appearances, some much
better supplied with blood than others, Siune
are merely superficial or stain-like spots. Pig-
men' tary ncBvi : others are prominent, Ynseuhir
tumours, and often have long, irregular hairs i
growing from them. These have usually been
called Moles, Spili, Spilo'ma, Epichro'scs spili,
&c. The red, rosy, violet or bluish spots are
called by I. G. St. Ililaire, Taehes Sanguines; —
those of an intermediate hue, between the normal
colour and black, 2'achea melaniennca. See Te-
langiectasia.
AVhen na;vi are superficial, without any dispo-
sition to enlarge or spread, they need not be
NAFDA
610 NAPLES, (CLIMATE OF)
mciMled witli: but all those tlmt partake of the
cliiiraetcr of aneurism by anastomosis had better
be removed, where practicable.
N/i-;vi!S Sioii.i.fM, Nujvus.
NAFDA, Naphtha.
NAIL, Sax. naesl, (</.) Nagel, Unguis, Onyx,
(F.) Uiii//e. A whitish transparent substance.
Hiinihir to horn, which covers the dorsal extremity
of the fingers. Three portions are distinguished
ill it; the cj-trcniili/, wliicli is free, at the end of
tlie finger; — tlie bo'/i/ or middle i>orlion adherent
by its inner surface; atid the root. Radix seu
Mixtrix uiKjnis, Iii'tiiitum unijnis, (F.) Mtttrice de
I'uiiijte. The last presents two distinct parts ; the
one, terminated by a thin, serrated edge, is buried
in a diipiicature of the skin, Vidlec' iiUi unguis,
■which acts the part of a nail-follicle / the other,
(idled Ln'nnla seu Seniiln'nula seu Scle'ne seu
Aicnx sou Exor'tuH seu Anat'ole seu AUie'do loi'-
(jtiinm, is whitish and of a semilunar shape, and
is situate above the part where the epidermis ter-
jninatcs. The nails are composed of a horny
tissue, of the same nature as that which forms
the hoofs, horns, and scales of dilTerent animals.
AVlien the nail has been torn off, the ))a|)ilhe of
the skin become covered by a soft, w liitish lamina,
whose consistence gradually augments. New
lamina! arc then formed underneath, and give the
nail the thickness it ought to possess. The
corneous substance, being thus constantly pro-
duced at the extremity of each of these laminae,
the whole of the nail is pushed forwards, and it
would grow indefinitely, were it not cut or worn
by fiiction.
The nails protect and support the extremities
of the fingers against the impression of hard
bodies. They are, also, useful in laying hold of
Fiiiiill bodies ; and dividing those that have but
little consistence.
NAIL-FOLLICLE, see NaiL
NAIL SPRING, IlangnaiL
A'.l/A'. Nanus.
ItiAfSSAXCE, see Parturition.
NAKRA, Nacra.
NANGNAIL, Hangnail.
NANISME, see Nanus
NANNARI, I[emidosinus Indicus.
NANXYBKRRY, Viburnum lentago.
KANOt'Kl'lIALIA. sec Nunocephalus.
NANOCEPH'ALUS, from vavou 'a dwarf,' and
KcfinKiii ' head.' One of a monstrous state — Xano-
cephn'lin — in which the whole head or certain of
its jiarts are too small, whilst the trunk and ex-
tremities are normal.
NANOCORMIA, see Nanoeonnus.
NANOCOK'iMUS, from vavoi, 'a dwarf,' and
Kopnos, 'a trunk.' One of a monstrous condition
— XdHoconnia — in wliich the trunk is too small,
whilst the bead possesses its normal size.
NANOMELIA, see Nanomelus.
NANOM'ELUS, from vnvoi, 'a dwarf,' and
fit'Sos, 'a limb.' One of a monstrous condition —
^anomdid — in which some part of an extremity
is too small, ,nnd the whole limb too short.
NANOSO'iMI.A, from vavui. 'a dwarf,' and
ewjia, 'body.' Mio-oso'min. Dwnrf'ishncss, (F.)
^iniisnie. A state in which the entire body with
all its parts is smaller than common.
NANOSOMUS, Nanus.
^ ANUS, vams, Pumil'io, Pn'milo, Pusil'his, 'a
<1wnrf:' Nanoso'mus, (Prov.) Crut, Rope Spin-
«"■'•<•, (Sc.) Croil, Croh; Drarch, Dercli, Droicli,
llV<(/((c/,-. {/'n'mihis, /»i(w/7n«i, ' dwarfish.') (F.)
-•"iH. One who is much below the usual stature.
The term is applicable to all organized beings
from man to the vegetable. Trees have their
dw.irfs, as the human s|)e<ics have theirs. Some
curious authenticated instances of human dwarfs
are on record. Bebe, the dwarf of Stanislaus,
king of Poland, was 33 inches (French) long,
and well proportioned. The Polish nobleman,
Borwlaski, wlio was well made, clever, and a
good linguist, measured 28 Paris inciies. He had
a brother, 34 inches high, and a sister 21. A
Friesland peasant, at 26 }-ears of age, had at-
tained 29 Amsterdam inches. C. H. Stoberin,
of Niirnberg, was under three feet high at 20,
yet he was well proportioned and possessed of
talents. General Tom Thumb, so called, was
seen bj' the Author in 1817. lie was said to be
io years old ; measured 28 inches in height, and
when weighed at the mint was found to weigh
20 pounds and 2 ounces. Two remarkable In-
dian dwarfs were exhibited in the United States
and in Europe, about the middle of the 19th cen-
tury, under the name of 'Aztec children,' — the
boy, from 7 to 8 years of age, was 33| inches in
height, and weighed 20| pounds : — -the girl, from
4 to 6 years of age, was 29J inches high, ami
weighed 17 pounds. They were very deficient
in intellect. See Pygmj'.
NAPE OF THE NECK, Nucha.
NAPELLUS VERUS, Aconitum napellus.
NAPIIiE FLORES, see Citrus aurantium.
NAPHTHA, Acetone.
Naphtha, va<i>&a, Nufda, Nnptn, Kopto'lius,
O'levw peticB 'ilbum ; (F.) Nnphte ; from a Chal-
daic and Syriac word signifj-ing hituvien. A
bituminous substance, found in Persia, Calabria,
Sicily, (fee. It is liquid, limpid, of a yellowish-
white colour, a smell slightly resembling that of
oil of turpentine, and lighter than water. It re-
sembles petroleum in its properties, and has beer
chiefly used as an external apidication ; although
occasionally, as an anthelmintic, and in inhala
tion in phthisis pulmonalis. Also, iEtlier.
NAPmriA AcicTi, yEther aceticus — n. Coal Tar,
Light, see Ana'sthetic — n. Sulphurica, iEther
snlphuricus — n. ^^itrioli, iEther sul])huricus — n.
Vitrioli camjihorata, Tinctura aMlicrea canipho-
rata — n. Vitrioli martialis, Tinctura seu Alcohol,
sulphurico-aUhercus fcrri — n. Wood, Acetone.
NAPII'THALINE, Noplithali'na, Naph'tholin.
When coal tar is subjected to distillation, naph-
thaline passes over after coal naphtha. It is a
white, shining, concrete, crystnllinc substance,
fusible at 170° and boiling at"423°. It is soluble
in alcohol, ether, na])htha and the oils, but inso-
luble in water. It has been used as an excitant
expectorant, in the dose of 8 to 30 grains, in
emulsion or syrup, and repeated. It has also
been used as an anthelmintic: and, when made
into an ointment, in psoriasis, lepra vulgaris, <fec.
NA'PIFORM, Nnpi/orm'is, Bu'ninid, Bunioi'-
des, from ncpns, 'a. turnip,' and fornux, 'shape.'
An epithet for a form of scirrhous tumour whose
cut surface presents concentric lines resembling
those seen in the interior of a turnip.
NAPIUM, Lapsana, Sinapis.
NAPLES, (CLIMATE OF.) The climate of
Naples in its general characters resemliles that
of Nice, but it is more changeable: the sirocco
too, which is little known in Nice, is severely felt
at Naples. It is not a good residence for the
phthisical invalid: Sir James Clark, indeed, con-
siders it altogether unsuitable.
Naplk."*, Mineral Watehs of. In the Quarter
Santa Lucia, near the coast, is a cold spring, rich
in suljihuretted hydrogen and carbonic acid. It
is much used as an aperient tonic, and in cutane-
ous nft'ections.
Naples Watei?, Factit"ious, Aqua Keopoli-
tn'ua seu arid'uln hydrosixlphxtrn'tn, {¥.) E<xu de
Naples. (Acidulous water, containing four times
its bulk of carbonic acid, ^^xv, and ^iij : hi/ilro-
sidpliiiretted tcaler, ^ix ; carhonate of notla. gr.
viij ; carbonate of magnesia, gr. x. M. Rh. R.)
NATTA
620
NASAL
NAPTA, Nanus, Nata.
NAPTALI US, Nanus.
NAFUS, Siiiapis — n. Leucosinains, Sinapis
nlba — n. Sylvestris, Brassica napus.
NAPY, Sinapis.
NARCAPIITE, Thyniiama.
NARCAPH'TIION, Xaxaph'thon. The bark
of an aromatic tree formerly brouglit from India.
By some, supposed to be that of the tree which
ailords tiie olil)anum. It was used in fumigation,
in diseases of the hmgs. See Lacaphthon.
NARGE, Narcosis.
NAllCEMA, Narcosis.
NARCESIS, Narcosis.
NARCISSE D'AUTOMNE, Colchicum au-
tumnale — n. Faux, Narcissus pseudo-narcissus
— H. dea Pr^s, Narcissus pseudo-narcissus — n.
Snuvatje, Narcissus pseudo-narcissus.
NARCIS'SUS PSEUDO-NARCIS'SUS, iV.
featct'li^ seu ijlaiicus seu gvandijlo'rus seu hia-
jxiii'iciis seu major seu serra'tus seu si/h)e/i'trin,
J'n/boco'dium, Psfiido-nfir(;i^iius, Dnf'fodil, (Old
Kns.) Aff'tidll, Belle-niome, (Prov.) Affrodile,
J'ellJloH-er, Butter and Egtjs, Leuf-rose. Ord.
Amaryllidacejie. C^.) Narcifsse saiivage, Narcisse
lies pren. Ffiiix narcixse, Pvrrilloii, Aiault, Zoii-
zinette,Jea>nutte. Tiie root is emetic and cathar-
tic, in the dose of ,^ij. The flowers arc antispas-
modic. Dose, 24 grains.
NARCODES, Narcotized,
NARCO'SIS, Nar'cDthm, Narce, N(xrcn,
N'trce'iiin, Narcc'sh, from vapKoia, ' I benumb.'
Torpp'do, Torpor, Stupor, Sliipcfdc'tio. Tiie ag-
gregate effects produced by narcotic substances.
At times, narcotism is confined to a state of more
or less profound stupor; and constitutes, in cer-
tain cases, a useful remedial condition ; at others,
it is a true poisoning, characterized by vertigo,
nausea, a state of intoxication or apo))lexy, con-
stant delirium, convulsive motions, &c. Emetics
in strong doses, and not much diluted with wa-
ter; purgatives and glystors are the first means
to be used in this condition. The stupor may
afterwards be combated by the use of exciting
and stimulating drinks.
Narcosis Folliciilo'rum. A state of the
scalp, which Mr. Erasmus Wilson conceives to
be dependent upon torpid action of the hair fol-
licles, and in which the scalp and hair are found
covered with a yellowish, dirty-looking powder,
composed of an admixture of granular particles
and furfuraeeous scales.
NARCOSPAS'MUS, from vapKv, 'stupor,' and
o-T'iir/noj, ' spasm.' Stupor combined with spasm.
NARCOTIA, Narcotine.
NARCOTIC POISON, see Poison.
NARCOTICO-ACRID, see Poison.
NARCOT'ICS, Narcot'ica, Cnrot'ica, Ohsfu-
pr-fiirien'tin, Stiipefficien'tia, Stiipefa'cients, (F.)
StiipefactlfH, Stupefiants. Same etymon. Sub-
stances, which have the property of stupefying;
— as ofiium, stramonium, hyoscyamus, bella-
donna, <tc. They are used in medicine as
soothing agents ; exerting their special influence
on the brain and tubular matter of the spinal
marrow. In small doses, as a general rule,
narcotics stimulate; in large, they act as seda-
t ves. The following is a list of the chief narco-
tics:— Aconitum, iEtherea, Belladonna, Cam-
I'hora, Cannabis, Conium, Digitalis, Ilumulus,
ilyoscyamus, Lactuearium, Opium and Morphia,
Btramonii Folia, Stramonii Semina, Mental Nar-
cotics, (Appropriate Music, Monotonous sounds,
or any succession of monotonous impressions.)
NAR'COTINE, Narcoti'na, Nnrcot'in, Narco-
ti'ii, AiKircoti'ua, Opin'mim ; same etymon; (F.)
Sel c/e Deroiue ou d'opiiim, Opiane, Principe
crijHtalliznhle de Deronne. A solid, white, inodo-
rous, and insipid substance ; by some considered
to be alkaloid ; by others neuter ; erystnllizable
in straight prisms with a rhoinboidal base; fusi-
ble like the fats; soluble in boiling nlcniiol and
ether, and scarcely soluble in water. Narcotine
produces all the unpleasant elfccts of opium ; but,
at the same time, throws the animal into a stale
of stupor. It is not used in medicine, on account
of these objections. The salts, which are very
bitter, have been used successfully in India for
the cure of intermittents.
NARCOTISM, Narcosis.
NAR'COTIZED, Tor'pidnn, Nm-ro'dei,. Af.
fected with stupor, as from the use of a narcotic.
NARD, CELTIC, Valeriana Celtica — n. In-
dica, Nardus Indica — n. Indicii. Nardus Iiidica —
n. Iiidiipie, Nardus Indica — n. Petit, Aralia nudi-
caulis — II. Siiiivnr/e. Asarum.
NARDOSTACIIYS JATAMANSI, Nardus In-
dica — n. Patrinia, Nardus Indica.
NARDIIM GALLTCUM, Valeriana Celtica.
NARDUS AMERICANUS, Aralia nudicaulis
— n. Celtica, Valeriana Celtica — n. Celtica altera,
Arnica montana — n. Montana. Asarum.
Nardus iN'noA, Spica unrdi seu In'dica, An-
dropo'(/on iifirdiin seu citrlodo'riin, Ord. Grami-
ncie [?]. or Nardox'tachi/K seu Viihriii'iui seu Pn-
trin'in Jatamnn'si, Vdleria'un xpiea ; Order, Va-
lerianaceas ; Indian nard, Sjtikenard. The root
of this plant is one of the ingredients in the
mithridatc and theriaca. It is moderately warm
and pungent, and has a flavour by no means dis-
agreeable. It is used by the Orientals as a spice:
— (F.) Nard Jndieii ou hidiipie. An ointment
was formerly used, called Uiif/iipii'tiiin nartli'mim.
It was prepared of Nard, 3l<d(ibatJtriiiii leavcf,
Oil of wornxK, ContuH, Aiuomum, Mijrrh, &c., and
was used as a detergent.
Nardus Rustica, Asarum.
NAIIES, Jiliines, Vav'itaa seu Cnvum sea
Ca'vea seu Oaver'iui vi'riiim, Nasiis iiiter'iiiig,
j\fijcte're8, Na'riinn ad'itiis, Orlieteii'mafa, The
nostrils, (Prov.) Siiirrels, Snnr/ca, (F.) Nariiiea,
Two elliptical apertures, situate beneath the nose,
and separated from each other by the cartila-
ginous septum seu eolinn'na nasi. These aper-
tures are continually open, and give passage to
the air we breathe, and to the mucous fluids se-
creted in the nasal fossae.
Nares Internee, Nasal fossfe.
Nares Posterior, Nares pontre'mm, Extre'-
m<B nares, Os'tia poaterio'ra seu Chiin'ufg vn'-
riiim, Na'rinm E.r'itus, (F. ) Arrieres nariiies, Oii-
vertures poatericiirea des fosses nasrdes, are the
posterior apertures of the nasal cavities, which
establish a communication between those cavities
and the pharynx. They are bounded, ahove, by
the body of the splienoid I)one ; he/ow, by the
palate bone, and tlie base of the velum pendu-
lum ; and, on the outside, by the internal ala of
the pterygoid process. They are separated from
each other by a septum, of which the vomer is
the bony part.
NARIFUSO'RTA, from nares, 'the nostrils,'
nr\i\ fundere, fnsHin, 'to pour.' Medicine dropt
into the nostrils.
NAfUNES. Nares.
NARIUM ADITUS, Nares— n. Siccitas, Myc-
teroxerotes.
NARROW CHEST, sec Lordosis.
NARTIIECIA, Formulary, Mvris.
NARTTIECIUM, Formularv. Myris.
NARTIIEX, Formulary, Myris, Splint — n.
Asafuetida, see Asnffjetida.
NASA, Nacra, Nata. ^
NASAL, Nasa'lia, from vasua, 'the nose.
That which relates to the nose.
Nasal Artery. This is the largest of the two
branches in which the ophthalmic artery termi-
nates. It issues from the orbit, above the tendon
NASAL
621
NASO-PALATINE
of the orbicularis pnlpebrarum, passes above the
side of the root of the nose, iiiid anastomoses with
the hist extremity of tlie facial, llaller gave the
name unmil to the spheno-palatine. lie also
called the dorsales nasi, furnished by the exter-
nal uiaxiiiary, Nami'lvn laterd'les.
Nasai, Bonks, Osati nasi seu luiHu'lia, Ossic'-
iila mini, Onia maxil'lcB auperio' fin qiiarta seu
qitiiila seu Hecun'da, (F.) On niinnux, Os proprea
da iiez. These bones are situate beneath the
nasal notch of the os frontis, and occupy the
space between the nasal or angular processes of
the superior maxillary bone. Their shape is
nearly quadrilateral. They have an external or
cutaneoitn surface, an intenidl or nanal, and four
margins. Each is articulated with its fellow,
with the OS frontis, ethmoid, and superior maxil-
lary bones. They ossify from a single point.
Nasal Cau'tilage, GartHu'gn trianrjida'ris
Nasi. A cartilage formed of three portions,
which unite at the dorsum nasi, and are distin-
guished into the cartilage of the itfptutii, and the
lateral cartilayea. This cartilage is continuous,
above, with the ossa nasi, and, inferiorhj, with
membranous fibro-cartilages, which form the sup-
ple and movable part of the nostrils. They are
two in number — the one before, the other behind.
Nasal Duct, Lachrymal duct — n. Eminence,
Mesophryon.
Nasat, FosS/E, Cdvi nn'riiitn, Norex inter'nep..
Two large, anfractuous cavities, situate between
the orbits below the cranium, and lineil by
the pituitary or Schneiderian membrane. These
cavities have no communication with each other;
but the various sinuses in the neighbouring bones
— the ethmoidal, sphenoidal, superior maxillary,
Ac. — all communicate with thein. The general
cavity of each nostril is divided by the ossa spon-
giosa into three meatita or j^nnKrir/cs, which run
from before backwards. 1. The Mealitn luiriiim
enpe'rior, placed at the upper, inner, and l)ack
part of the superior spongy bone. 2. The J/ea-
tus me'diiiK, situate between the superior and in-
ferior spongy bones; and 3. The .^fentiis iii/e'-
rior, situate between the inferior spongy bone
and the bottom of the nose. The Schneide-
rian membrane receives the first pair of nerves,
and various branches from the fifth pair. The
arteries are furnished by the branches of the in-
ternal mn.rillnnj, known under the names of
epheno-palatine, infra-orbitar, superior alveolar,
palatine, pterygo-palatine ; by the supra-orbitar,
and ethmoidal branches of the o|)hthalmic artery;
by the internal carotid, superior labial, and dor-
sales nasi. Its veins are little known, and gene-
rally follow the course of the arteries. The lym-
phatics are almost unknown. The nasal fossa}
are the seat of smell ; they aid, also, in respiration
and phonation. ,
Nasal Meatus, see Nasal fossae.
Nasal Mtrct;s, JIucus nn'rinm, Phler/ma nn'-
ritivi crassum, Miicor seu Pitiii'la seu Blenna seu
Lympha mucnlen'ta nn'riiim, Apomi/x'ia, vulgarly
called Snot, Snob, Snoth, (F.) Morre, is the inucus
secreted by the Schneiderian membrane.
Nasal Nkuve, Xxso-palpebrid (Ch.), Naso-
ocula'ria (Sommering), Xitsn-ci/in'ris. One of
the throe branches of the ophthalmic nerve of
Willis. It enters the orbit by the sphenoidal fis-
sure, passes along the inner paries of that cavity,
and divides, opposite the internal and anterior
orbitar foramen, into tw^o branches. 1. The in-
ternal and piinlerinr, which passes into the Fora-
men orbitarinm internnm anteriiin, enters the cra-
nium beneath the dura mater, and passes into the
nasal foss;B, through an aperture at the side of
the Crista ijalli. It afterwards divides into seve-
ral filaments : one of them — the Naao-lohar, of
Chaussier — is very small, and descends on the
posterior surface of the os nasi, and ramifies on
the integuments of the ala nasi. A second ter-
minates near the septum; others descend along
the outer paries of the nasal fossa?. 2. The other
is external and anterior, and is called the externid
nasal nerve. It is distributed to the outside of
the orbit. Before dividing, the nasal nerve com-
municates with the ophthalmic ganglion, and
gives off two or three ciliarj' nerves. Sommer-
ing has given the name Pimlerior Nasal Nereis
to the nerves which arise from the internal part
of the spheno-palatine ganglion.
Nasal Notch, (F.) Acliancmre nasale. A
semicircular notch, situate between the nasal
prominence of the frontal bone, and articulated
with the nasal bones and the uasul processes of
the superior maxillary bones.
Nasal Process, Maxillary bone, superior.
Nasal Puoii'inence, (F.) B<is8e nasale. A
prominence, situate on the median line, at the
anterior surface of the os frontis, between the two
superciliary arches.
Nasal Kegion, lie'yio luisa'lis. The region
of the nose.
Nasal Spines. These are three in number.
1. The Siipe'rior nasal spine of the os frontis,
occupying the middle of its nasal notch, and ar-
ticulated before with the nasal bones, behind
with the ethmoid. 2. 1\\e infe'rior anA ante' rior
nasal spine, situate at the inferior part of the an-
terior opening of the nasal fossa?. It is f<)rme<l
by the two superior maxillary bones; and 3. The
infe' rinr and poste'rior nasal spine, Epine guttn-
role (Ch.), a process, formed on the median line
by the two palate bones at the posterior part of
the palatine arch.
NASALE, Errhine.
NASALIS, Compressor naris.
Nasa'lis La'bh Superio'ris. A small mus-
cular slip, which runs up from the middle of the
orbicularis and the lip to the tip of the nose. It
lies exactly in the furrow, and is occasionally a
levator of the upper lip, or a depressor of the tip
of the nose.
NASAS, Nata.
NASATUS, Membrosus.
NAS'CALB. A kind of pessary, made of wool,
or cotton, which was formerly introduced into
the vagina, after being impregnated with oil,
ointment, or some other proper medicament.
NASCAPIITIION, Narcarphthon.
NASDA, Nata.
NASI, see Oryza.
NASITAS, Rhinophonia.
NASITIS, Rhinitis — n. Postica, Anginanasalis.
NASO, Nasn'tns, from nasns, 'the nose.' One
who has a long nose. In composition, appertain-
ing or relating to the nose.
NASOCILIARIS (Nervus). Nasal nerve.
NASO-LA'BIAL, Naso-tabia'lis : from vato,
and labium, ' a lip.' Relating to the nose and
lip.
Naso-Labial Line. A line or furrow, which
separates the lip from the cheek, and commences
at the ala nasi.
NASO-LABIA'LIS. A muscular fasciculus
described by Albinus, which arises from the an-
terior extremity of the septum nasi, aad termi-
nates in the orbicularis oris.
NASO-PAL'ATINE, Naao-palati'nns. That
which belongs to the nose and velum palati.
Naso-Palatine Ganglion is situ.Tie in the
foramen palalinum anterius. Its greater extre-
mity receives the two naso-palatine branches;
NASO-PALr^BRAL
622
NAUSIOSIS
•(vhilst the smaller gives off two or three fila-
iiionts, which reach the palatine vault, where
tlie}' ramify on the membrane of the same name,
jinastomosing with filaments of the great palatine
nerve.
Naso-Palatine Nrrve, Nerve of Cotnn'mus,
is furnished by the spheno-palatine, which pro-
ceeds from the ganglion of Meckel. It traverses
the vault of the nasal fossie, and proceeds upon
tlie septum between the two layers of the pituitary
iiiemhrane. It enters the anterior palatine canal,
nod terminates at the superior angles of the naso-
jialatine ganglion, without attaining the mouth.
NASO-PALP£BRAL, Orbicularis palpebra-
rum.
NASTA, Nata.
NASTURTIUM AMPIIIBIUM, see Sisym-
lirium — n. Aquaticum, Cardamine pratensis, Si-
symbrium nasturtium — n. Bursa pastoris, Thiaspi
bursa — n. Hortense, Lepidium sativum — n. Indi-
cum, Tropa3olum majus — n. Officinale, Sisymbri-
um nasturtium — n. Palustre, see Sisymbrium — n.
Peruvianum, Tropaeolura majus — n. Pratense,
Cardamine pratensis — n. Sativum, Lepidium sa-
tivum.
NASUM DILATANS, Pyramidnlis nasi.
NASUS, Noxe, Rhin, Bhin, Or'ganon oljac-
tfln seu odora'tiiB seu olfacto'rium, Promonto'-
rium faciei, Myxo'ter, Einiincto' rium cer'ebri,
Snout, (Sc.) Xeis, Nex, (F.) Nez. The nose is a
P3'ramidal eminence, situate above the anterior
apertures of the nasal fossae, which it covers ;
and, consequently, occupying the middle and
upper part of the face, between the forehead and
upper lip, the orbits and the checks. Its lateral
surfaces form, by uniting angularly, a more or
less prominent line, called Dorsum seu lihachis
seu Spina Nasi, (P.) Vo8 du nez. This lino ter-
minates, anteriorly, by the lobe, — Lob'iihin. The
Fides are called Alw Nasi, PinncB Narie, (F.)
Ai/ei dn nez. The colitmna is the inferior part
of the partition. Its apex or tip has been called
Gliih'uhis nasi.
The chief varieties of the nose are the aq'niline,
the fiat none, (F.) Nez camnrot ou ^pnte, and the
snub nose, {¥.) Nez retrnnssi. The nose is formed,
besides its bones, of fibro-cartilage, cartilage, mus-
cles, vessels, and nerves ; and its use seems to be to
direct odours to the upper part of the nasal fossa?.
Nasds Interxus, Nares.
NASUTUS, Naso.
NATA, Nnttn, Nasn, Nnsda, Nasta, Nasns,
Napfa. A fleshy, indolent excrescence, having
the shape of the nates.
NATATION, Natron.
NATA'TION, Nafa'tio, from nalnre. natatum,
itself from nare, 'to swim.' Swimming. The
action of swimming, or of supporting one's self,
or moving upon the water. Swimming resem-
bles the horizontal leap in its physiology — the
medium being water instead of air. The differ-
enoe between the specific gravity of the human
body and that of water is not great ; so that but
little exertion is required to keep a part of the
body above water. Swimming is a healthy gym-
nastic exercise, combining the advantages of
bathing.
NATES, Ephed'rana, Scri'phia, Pndex, Chines,
Ohiti/i, Glut!, Glu'tia, Sndi'lia, Pyje, 3fon(B,
Pnttom. Backside, Poste'riors, Buttocks, (Prov.)
Tout. (Se.) Doup, Dowp, Dolp, Droddum, Hur-
dies, Lendis, &.C., (F.) Peases. Two round pro-
jections, at the inferior and posterior part of the
trunk, on which we sit. Amongst the mamma-
lia, man alone has the nates prominent and round.
They are formed chiefly by the skin, and a thick
layer of areolar tissue, which covers the three
glut^ei muscles.
Nates CEREuni, Quadrigemina corpora — n. et
Testes, Quadrigemina corpora.
NATRIUM, Sodium.
NATROCREN^., Natropcgse.
NATRON, Natrmn, Nat'aron, Nitrum, Ana-
trum, Aphronitruiu, from Natron, a lake in .Tuda'a.
A saline compound, very abundant in Kgvpt,
which is almost wholly formed of suLcailumato
of soda.
NATRONIUM, Sodium.
NATROPE'GiE, Natrocre'nm, from natron,
wnAvtyri, 'a spring.' Soda springs.
NATRUM, Natron — n. Chloratum liquidum,
Liquor sodaj chlorinatae — n. Muriaticnni, Soda,
muriate of — n. Muriatum, Soda, muriate of — n.
Prseparntum, Soda, subcarbonate of — n. Tnrtari-
y.atum. Soda, tartrate of — n. Vitriolatura, Sodii,
sulphate of — n. Nitricum, Soda, nitrate of — n.
Oxymuriaticum, Soda, chloride of — n. O.xyphos-
phorodes. Soda, phosphate of — n. Sulphuricum,
Soda, sulphate of.
NATTA, Nata.
NATULiE, Quadrigemina tuhercula.
NATU'RA, from nasci, 'to be born or arise.'
Phi/sis. Nature. Also, the genital organs.
Natu'ra Morbi. The essence or condition of
a disease.
NATURAL PARTS, Genital organs.
NATURALIA, Genital organs.
NA'TURISM, Nat'uralism. A view which
attributes every thing to nature, as a sage, pre-
scient, and sanative entity. — Nysten. See Ex-
pectation.
NA'TURIST. A physician who scrupulously
investigates, interprets, and fulhjws the indica-
tions presented by nature in the treatment of
disease.
NAU'CLEA GAMBIR, Unca'ria gambir. A
plant of the Nat. Order, Rubiacea>, native of
the Malayan Peninsula and Indian Archipelago,
which yields large quantities of the kind of
Catechu known by the names Term Japon'ica
and Square Catechu, and which, in Indian com-
merce, is called Gambier or Gambir. It is a
powerful astringent, much used in tanning, and
in medicine. See Catechu.
NAU'SEA, Nau'sia, Nausi'asis, Nausio'sis,
Nau'tia, Queas'iness, Squeaa'ineas, (F.) Navsie,
Envie de vomir ; from vavi, navis, 'a ship;' be-
cause those unaccustomed to sailing are so af-
fected. Sickness. Inclination to vomit.
Nausea, Krkat'ic, (/cpcaj, leptarof, 'flesh.') The
sickness and vomiting, excited, in some nervous
patients, by the smallest portion of animal food.
Nausea Mari'nA, llorbus nan'ticus, Vom'ilnt
tnavigan'linm seu mari'nus, Sea-tickiiesa, {Y.)M<d
de mer. The sickness, vomiting, <fec., experienced
at sea by those unaccustomed to a sea-life; and
from which those who are accustomed arc not
always exempt. It generally ceases when the
person becomes habituated to the motion of the
vessel, and not till then.
NAUSEABOND, Nauseant.
NAU'SEANT, Nau'seans, (F.) NausSahnnd,
NausSeux. An agent that excites nausea, which
is a state of diminished action. Nauseants are,
hence, valuable remedies in diseases of excite-
ment.
NAUSIA, Nausea.
NAUSIASIS, Nausea.
NAUSIO'SIS. This word, besides being f>y-
nonymous with nausea, has been used to e.xpreps
the state of venous hemorrhage, when blood U
discharged by jets.
NAUTIA
623
NEEDLE
NAUTIA, Nausea.
NAVEL, Umbilicus — n. String, Funiculus unn-
l)iiiculis — n. Wort, Cotyledon umbilicus — n. Wort,
Vcnus's, Cotyledon umbilicus.
iV/1 VET, Brassica rapa — n. dii Diuhle, Bryo-
nia iilba — II. Gitldiil, Bryonia alba.
NA VETTE, Brassica rapa.
NAVICULAR, JVavicula'rh, Nmnfor'mts, (F.)
Ndvicninire, from tiavicula, 'a little ship.'
Navic'ulaii Fossa, Fossa Nuvicula'ris seu
Srnplio'i'des, Navic' ula, Scaph' via. See Scaphoid.
This name has been given, 1. To a small depres-
sion between the entrance of the vagina and the
posterior c-omtuissure of the labia major or f(mr-
eliette. 2. To a perceptible dilatation, presented
by the urethra in man, near the base of the
glans. .3. To the superficial depression which
se])arate8 the two roots of the helix. This is also
called Sciipha.
NAVICULARE OS, Scaphoides os.
NAVIFORMIS, Navicular.
NAVIS, Vulva.
NliAIl-SKiHTEDNESS, Myopia.
NEARTIIRO'SIS, from vtof, 'young or new,'
and apijpov, "a joint.' A new joint.
NEBLE, Nipple.
NEB'ULA, Nithes, Nuhec'ula, Nejihns, vc(j>t\rj,
Ni-jili'ele, Neplie'lioti, Visits tiebitlo'siis, (F.) Niuige,
Oiiibraye. A slight speck on the cornea. A mist
or cloud suspended in the urine. See Caligo.
NEBULOUS, Nepheloid.
NECESSARY, Necessa'rins, (ne, and cessare.)
The Necesnaries of Life, VilcB necessita'les, (P.)
Jlexoiiis de la vie, include every thing requisite
for the maintenance of life, and particularly food.
NECK, Collum — n. Derbyshire, Bronchocele.
Nkck op the Foot, Instep.
Neck, Swellkd, Bronchocele — n. Stiff, Torti-
collis— n. Wry, Torticollis.
XECKLACE, AN'ODYNE, (F.) Collier anodin.
These are formed of the roots of hyoscyauuis,
Jiib'a tears, allspice steeped in brandy, or the
seeds of the wild liquorice vine, to suit the fancy
(jf the prescriber. They are employed to facili-
tiite dentition in children, and to procure sleep in
(ever. (!)
iNECKWEED, Veronica beccabunga, V. pere-
grina.
NECR^'MIA, from vtKpof, 'death,' and 'ai/xa,
' 1/lood.' Death of the blood. Death beginning
with the blood.
NECRENCEPIIALUS, Mollities cerebri.
NECROCEDIA, Embalming.
N ECROCOMIUM. Morgue.
NECRODES, Cadaverous.
NECRODOCIIIUM, Morfjue.
NECROLOaV, BILLS OF, Mortality, bills of.
NECROMANCY, Necromnnti'a, Negromanti'a,
^fvijomniiti'a, Niijromanti'a, from vexpos, 'death,'
mid jiavTua, "'divination.' Divination by the
dead.
NECROMANTIA, Necromancy.
NECRON, Cadaver.
NKCRONARCEMA, Rigor mortis.
NECROPIIOBTA, from i/tvpoj, 'death,' and
^ ' ,ju5, 'fear.' E.\iig^erated fear of death. This
.-vuiptom occurs in patients where the disease is
iii't mortal; as in hypochondriasis. In fevers, it
!■* not a good symptom.
XEClioPNEUMO'XIA. Pnetimo'»i,x ffam/ra-.-
iiii'sii sou ti/pho'sa, (ItiiKjrcf'tia seu 3forliJictt'tio
fou .liithra.r seu C'irbnn' villus I'nlino'uum, Piien-
iiiospp'sis, Pneiiiiioc'dce, (F.) Gmiffrhte da Poii-
mo:i, Pneumonicrosie, — Piorry ; from vticpof.
'death,' nr\A pneumonia. Gangrenous inflamma-
tion of the lungs. This may be diffused or cir-
cuiiiscribed. The only pathognomonic symptom
is the extraordinary and repulsive odour of the
breath and expectoration. The treatment con-
sists in the use of the chlorides internally, or of
chlorine by inhalation; allaying irritation by
opium, and supporting the patient by wine-whey,
and nourishing diet.
NECROPSIA, Autopsia cadaverica.
NECROPSY, Autopsia cadaverica.
NECROSCOPIA, Autopsia cadaverica.
NECROSCOPY, Autopsia cadaverica.
NECROSED, see Necrosis.
NECROSEMEIOT'ICE, from vCKpoi, 'death,'
and arjjjuov, 'a sign.' The doctrine of the signs
of death.
_ NECRO'SIS, from vckpou), 'I kill.' Mortifica-
tion. State of a bone or of a portion of a bone
deprived of life. OxtaxjaiKjra'ua, Onteouecro'sis.
The bone, in such case, is said to be tiecrosed.
Necrosis may take place without the surrounding
soft parts being struck with gangrene. It is to
the bones what gangrene is to the soft parts.
The part of the bone affected with necrosis be-
comes a foreign body, similar to the gangrenous
eschar, and its separation must be accomplished
by the efforts of nature, or by art. AVhen necro-
sis occurs in the centre of long bones, it never
extends to their articular extremities. The exte-
rior layers of bone form a canal round the dead
portion or sequestrum ; between these swollen
layers and the sequestrum, suppuration takes
place ; the matter presses against the bony canal;
perforates it, and is discharged by apertures,
which become fistulous.
In the treatment, the exit of the sequestrum
must be facilitated by proper incisions, by the
application of the trepan to the bone, Ao.
Nb;cuosis Ceiikalis, Ergotism — n. Dentium,
Dental gangrene — n. Ustilaginea, Ergotism.
NECROSTOA, Morgue.
NECROTOMY, Dissection.
NECTANDRA CINNAMOMOI'DES, Laums
ciuniuuoiiKi'i'des, Oinmimo'mum sylres'tre Anieri-
ca'nuin : Order, Laurace.'e ; native of New Gre-
nada, where it is called Uauehi ; has the odour
and taste of cinnamon, and is used as such.
Nectandra Cymba'uiim, Ocote'a cymha'rum
seu nma'ra, grows in Oronoko, where it is called
Sass'ofras. The bark is aromatic, bitter, and
stomachic; and Von Martius thinks it is an in-
gredient in the curare poison.
Nkctandua Puchury, see Pichurim beans —
n. Rodiei, see Bebeoru.
NECTAR, vtKTap, from vn, 'a particle of ne-
gation,' and KTaui, 'to kill.' A pleasant liquor,
feigned hy the poets to have been the drink of
the gilds, and to have rendered immortal those
who partook of it. A name given, by the an-
cients, to many drinks ; and particularly to one
made with wine, evaporated, and sweetened with
honey.
NECTARIUM, Inula heleniuin.
NECUSIA, see Wound.
NECYO.MANTIA, Necromancy.
NEDYIA, Intestines.
NEDYS, vri&vi. The belly, abdomen, stomach,
uterus.
NEEDLE, Sax. nettl, nsewl, from Tent, n eten,
'to sew.' Acus, Bel'oup, Riiphis, Roph' ion, Aces'-
tra, (F.) AiguiJle. A steel instrument, used in
many professions. In Surgery, a steel, gold, sil-
ver, or platina instrument, that may be round,
flat, or triangular, straight, or curved, supported
or not by a handle, but having always a point, by
NEEDLE-BEARER
0 2 4
NEOPLASTY
means of which it penetrntcs the textures; and
often having, either near tlie point, or more com-
monly, near the other extremity, nn aperture or
eye lur the reception of a thread or tape, which
it introduces into the parts. The Aiyitille d up-
jynreil of the French is the ordinary sewing nee-
dle used in the making of bandages, &c.
Needle, A'cupunctuue, (F.) AiijnUle d Acn-
puuctare. An inflexible gold or silver needle ;
conical, very delicate, four inches long, furnished
with a handle, and, at times, with a canula
shorter than it by about half an inch. An ordi-
nary needle, waxed at the head, will answer as a
substicute for this. See Acupuncture.
Needle, Cat'aract, Achs ophthal'mica, (F.)
Aujiiil/ed ciitaracte. Needles of gold, silver, and
pteel have been used; the latter, alone, at the
present day. The cataract needle is employed
to depress or tear the crystalline when opake.
This needle is usually made from 15 to 24 lines
long ; and is attached to a tine handle. The ex-
tremity may be, as in Scarpa's and Langenbeck's,
pointed, prismatic, triangular, and curved ; in
Dupuytren's and Walther's, flat, curved, and
sharp-edged; in Hey's, flat, with a semicircular
and sharp end ; or, as in Beer's, Siebold's,
Schmidt's, Himly's, Von Griife's, &c., straight
and spear-pointed. A mark is generally placed
upon the bundle to inform the operator, — when
the instrument is engaged in the eye, — what side
corresponds to tlie crystalline.
Needle for a Counter-Opening, Aeits inva-
giiia'ta, (F.) AiyiiiUe d ('uiilre-oitvertiire ou oi-
yainee ou d gaine,- — a long, narrow instrument
of steel; the point of which is fine and sharp on
both sides; — the heel (titlon) having an aperture
to receive a thread, tape, <fec., provided with a
flat, silver sheath, shorter than the blade, the
point of which it covers when passing through
parts that have to be respected.
Needle, Deschamp's, I'aupe's needle, (F.)
Aiguille tie Dfschnm])!<, A. a vkuii-Iic, &c., is the
last described needle, fixed to a handle. The eye
is placed near the point. It is employed in the
ligature of deep-seated arteries.
NeeDLK, Fis'tulA, (F.) AigniUe d Fii-tiile. A
long, flat, flexible, silver instrument; having an
aperture near one extremity ; blunt at the other.
This was formerly used for passing a seton into
fistulous ulcers. On one of its sides was a groove
for guiding a bistouri in case of necessity.
Also, a long, steel instrument, terminated by a
point like that of a trocar, which Desault em-
ployed for penetrating the rectum, when operating
for fistula that had no internal aperture.
Needle. Hare-Lip, (F.l Aiguille d Bee de
Liivre. A small, silver eanula, to which is at-
tached a spear-point, that can be readily with-
drawn. This needle, armed with the point, is
introduced at one side of the fissnire in the lip,
and through the other. The twisted suture is
then applied, and the jiin withdrawn.
Needle, Lic'ATUiiE. {¥.) Aiguille d ligature.
A long, steel instrument, sharp towards one ex-
tremity, with an eye near the other, which was
formerly used for suspending the circulation of
l)loodpriorto amputation, by beingpassed through
the limb, so as to include the principal artery and
a part of the muscles and integuments.
Also, a steel instrument of various dimensions,
round towards one of its extremities, which was
straight, and furnished with an aperture; curved
and flat towards the opposite, which was pointed,
and had a slight ridge on its concave side. At
the commencement of the last cenlurj', this
instrument was used to pass ligatures around
vessels.
Also, a steel instrument of various dimensions,
flat, regularly curved in the form of n semicircle,
with a sharp or lance point, and a long eye, used
with advantage in place of the last.
Needlk, Paiipe's, Needle, Deschamp's.
Needle, Seton, (F.) Aiguille d Sfton. A long,
narrow, steel blade; pointed and sharp nt one
extremity ; pierced at the other by an aperture.
The Aiguille d nontre-uuverture may bo used for
the same purpose.
Needle, Si'tdre, (F.) Aiguille d Suture. For
the twisted suture, the hare-lip needle is used ;
for the others, the straight or curved needle : the
straight needle is jireferable for stitching up the
abdomen, <fec., in dissection. In the suture of
the tendons, a curved needle has been used : flat
on both sides, and cutting only at the concave
edge, in order that the instrument may pass be-
tween the tendinous fibres without dividing them.
NEEDLE-BEARER, Porte-uiguille.
NEEDLE-CARRIER, Porte-aiguille.
NEEM BARK, see Melia azedarach.
NEESING, Sneezing.
NEFLE, Mespilus (the fruit).
NEFLIER, Mespilus.
NEFREN'DES, properly, 'sucking pigs.' —
Varro. Nodoi, Eden'tiili (vn, privative, and oiovf,
of.ovToi, 'a tooth.') Persons devoid of teelli.
Young children, for instance, who have not cut
them ; or aged persons, who have lost them.
This state is called Nefretidis, Kodo'sia, Odim'lia
eden'tula.
NEGOTIUM PARTURITIONIS, Parturition.
A'FGNE niANC, Albino.
NEGRETIA PRURIENS, Dolichos pruriens.
NEGRO, Ni'grita, (¥.) Negre. One of the
j3ithioi)ian race. See Homo and Mulatto.
NEGROMANTIA, Necromancy.
NEI^RA, Abdomen.
NFIGE, Snow.
NEIR, Kidney.
NEIRA, Abdomen.
NEIS, Nasus.
NELUM'BIUM LU'TEUM, Yellow ne'bimhn,
Yelloni water lily. Pond lUij. Water ah iehl, Water
nuts, Water eliiii'capiii. Rattle nut, Saered henii.
A beautiful water plant, common in the United
States, and belonging to A'^at. Ord. Nyniphaceae:
Sex. Siji't. Polyandria Polygynia. The leaves
are cooling and emollient when applied to tlie
surface. The roots, leaves, and nuts are eaten.
The last are called by the Indians and otlicrs
water chiuea]>iuii.
NELUMBO, YELLOW, Nelumbium luteuu).
NENDO, Angelica lucida.
NENNDORF, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Nenndorf is a village three and a half (icrninn
miles from Hanover. Its cold sulphureous spring
is much celebrated.
NENUPHAR,^ Nymphaca alba — ji. Blanc,
Nyinplin?a alba — ». Jaime, Nymphaea lutea — n.
Lutea, Nymphfea lutea — n. Odoraut, Nymphica
odorata.
NEOARTHRO'SIS, from wos, 'new,' and ap-
6pov, 'a joint.' A new joint; an artificial joint.
NEOG'ALA,from veoq, 'new,' and yuhi, 'milk.'
Milk secreted immediately after the colostrum.
Also, the colostrum.
NEO(iENES, A'^ovveau-nf.
NEOGILUS, Xouveau-nL
NEOGNUS, A^ouveau-iie.
NEOGONUS, A'oureau-nL
NEO-ME.MIiRANK, see Membrane, false.
NEONATUS, A'ouveau.,,^.
NE'OPLASTY, A'lophm'tiee, from vtoi, 'new,'
NEOSCYTECHUS
62 5
NEPHROID
and irXoffffu, v\aTTu>, 'I form.' An operative pro-
cess for the formation of new parts. It includes
uutojilai'ty, cicatrization of wounds, and the for-
mation of adhesions. — Burdach.
NEOSCYTECHUS, see Craquement de Cuir
ucvf.
NEOTOCICTERUS, Icterus infantum.
KEOTTIA, Ooodyera pubcscens.
NEP, Nepcta.
NEPEN'TIIA DESTILLATO'RIA, Bandit' ra.
A Ceylonese plant, the root of vf hich is astringent.
NEI'EN'TIIES, from vrj, negative particle, and
irtv5o{, 'grief.' A remedy much e.\tolled by the
ancients against sadness and melancholy.
The women of Thebes, according to Diodorus
Siceliotes, alone possessed the secret of its com-
position ; and, according to Ilomer, Helen intro-
duced it from Egypt. Some suppose it to have
been opium.
Nkpenthes, Bangue — n. Opiatum, PiluliB opi-
ata;.
NEP'ETA, N. Cntn'ria seu vulga'ris, Catn'ria
ruhin'iii, fferbn felin, Nep, Cnttiep, Catmint, (F.)
Jlerbe (inx Chnts, Cutuire, — so called, because
tats are fond of it. Ord. Labiatae. The leaves,
Cutu'iia, (Ph. U. S.), have a smell and taste like
tbo8e of an adini.xture of spearmint and penny-
royal. It has been recommended in uterine dis-
orders, dyspepsia, flatulency, <feo., like penny-
royal; and is much used in domestic medicine,
on the American continent, in flatulencies, <tc.,
of children.
Nei'kta Agrestis, Melissa nepeta — n. Gle-
choiiia, Glechoma hederacea — n. Vulgaris, Ne-
peta.
NEPn.ALTOTES, Temperance.
NEPilEI.E, Enasorcraa, Nebula.
NEPII ELTON, Nebula.
NEPII'ELOID, Nephelo'i'des, Nephelo'des,
Keli'idiius, Nuhito'sns. From vi^cAjj, 'a cloud,'
and £ic'oj, 'resemblance.' An epithet applied to
urine when it is cloudy — Uri'na nephelo'des.
NEPllOS, Nebula.
NEPHKiTlMORRnAGTA, see Ilamaturia.
NEPIIRAI/GIA, Dolor MepJu-et'icus, Neural'-
gin Itcniuu, (F.) Necrahjie. des lieinn, Di/snephio-
vervie. from vt^pof, ' a kidney,' and uAyaj, ' pain.'
Pain and neuralgia in the kidney.
Nephralgia Arenosa, see Gravel — n. Calcu-
losa, see Gravel — n. llheumatica, Lumbago.
NEPIIRANURIA, Ichuria rcnalis.
NEPIIRAPOS'TASIS, XepJn-opi/o'xh, Absces'-
»«s rciia'lin, from vtiPjtoi;, ' kidney,' and anoaraaii,
'abscess.' Renal abscess.
NEPIIRATON'IA, from vtit>pou 'kidney,' and
erovia, ' want of tone.' Reniini aton'ia seu pa-
ral'yuln. Atony of the kidney.
NEPIIRAUX'E, from i.£0po?. 'a kidney,' and
au|u, ' to increase.' Enlargement of the kidney.
NEPHRELCO'SIS, N'phrnp;io'xli,, H.Ico'sIh
rena'lin, from vcippof, 'kidney,' and 'tAiconrff, 'ul-
ceration.' Ulceration of the kidney.
NEPIIRELMIX'TIC, Nephrelmln'tkm, from
I't^^of, 'a kidney,' and 'tA/iivf, 'EA^o-Oof, 'a worm.'
That which is owing to the presence of worms in
the kidney.
NEPllREMPIIRAX'IS, from vt(ppoq, 'a kid-
ney,' and ep'p(iii(rau), ' I obstruct.' A name given
by Ploucqutt, to obstruction of the kidneys.
NEPHRET'IC, Xiphrid'hii, Xephrit'ic, Ne-
phn't'iciifi, from I't^poj, 'a kidney.' That which
relates to the kidiuy. Api>lied, especially, to
Jiain, Ac, seated i i tlie kidney.
NEPIIRET'ICU.M. in Materia Jlcdica, means
40
a medicine employed for the cure of diseases of
the kidney.
Nkphueticum Lignum, Guilandina moringa.
NEPIIRET'ICUS LAPIS, T<dcnm nephrit'-
icum, (F.) Pierre nephretique, Jitde nephrite ou
oriental. A green, fatty kind of stone, — once
used as an amulet against epilepsy, — an absurd
name, as there can be no such remedy.
NEPHRIA, Kidney, Bright's disease of the.
NEPHRID'ION, Pingue'do renti'lis. From
vtippoi, ' the kidney.' The fat which surrounds
the kidneys. — Hippocrates.
NEPIIRIDIUM, Capsule, renal.
NEPHRIDIUS, Nephretic.
NEPHRINE, 0.\yd, cystic. Urea.
NEPHRITE, Nephritis— n. Alhamineme, Kid-
ney, Bright's disease of the.
NEPHRITES, Asphaltites.
NEPHRITIC, Nephretic.
NEPHRlTICUiVI LIGNUM, Guilandina mo-
ringa.
NEPHRITIS, Asphaltites.
Nephri'tis, Empres'ma Nephritis, from vt(t>pos,
'kidney,' and itin, 'denoting inflammation ;' Jie-
num injidinma'lio, Nephro-phley' mone, — htjlam-
matinn of the Kidney, (F.) Nephrite, Injiammation
dea Jleins, is characterized by acute pain ; burn-
ing heat, and a sensation of weight in the region
of one or both kidneys ; suppression or diminu-
tion of urine; fever; dysuria ; ischuria; consti-
pation, more or less obstinate; retraction of the
testicle, and numbness of the thigh of the same
side. It may be distinguished into simple and
calcnlonx nephritis — Lithoiiephrilix. In the lat-
ter, the urine often contains small particles of
uric acid or of urate of ammonia. The most com-
mon causes of nephritis are, — excess in irritating
and alcoholic drinks; abuse of diuretics; blows
or falls on the region of the kidneys; the presence
of renal calculi, &c. It may be distinguished
from lumbago by the pain which attends the lat-
ter on the slightest motion, Ac. It usually ter-
minates by resolution in from one week to two
or three. It may, however, end in suppuration
— pi/onephrite ; or may become chronic — chrono-
nephrite, ( Piorry. ) In the treatment, anti-
phlogistics, as bleeding, baths, &c., are required
to the full extent; with the use of diluents,
opiates, Ac.
Nephritis Albtminrnsis, Kidney, Bright's dis-
ease of the — n. Albuminosa, Kidney, Bright's
disease of the — n. Associated, Kidney, Bright's
disease of the — n. Cachectic, Kidney, Bright's dis-
ease of the — n. Calculous, see Nephritis — n.
Soclata, Kidney, Bright's disease of the.
NEPIIROCHALAZOSIS, Kidney, Bright's
disease of the.
NEPIIROCOCCOSIS, Kidney, Bright's dis-
ease of the.
NEPHROCYSTO'SIS.from ve^pof, 'a kidney,'
and KvdTi;, 'a cyst or bladder.' A morbid con-
dition, which consists in the formation of cysts
in the bladder.
NEPIIROCOLICA, Colica nephretiea.
NEPHRODES, Nephroid.
NEPHRODIUM FILIX MAS, Polypodium
filix mas.
NEPHROG'RAPHY, from vt(t>poi, 'a kidney.'
and ypa<pv, 'a description.' An anatomical de-
scription of the kidney.
NEPHROH^E'MIA, from rt<t>pog, 'kidney,' and
'ai/ia, ' blood.' Hyperaemia or congestion of the
kidney.
NEPH'ROID, NephroVdes, Nephro'des, lieni-
\ form' is, from ve(ppos, 'kidney,' and etios, 'form,
NEPHROLITHIASIS
6 2 0
NERONIANA
resemblance.' Reniforra. Having a resemblance
to a kiilnoy — as ' ncjihrolil cancer,' so called be-
cause the morbid growth resembles the kidney in
structure.
NEPHROLITHrASIS, from ve^>poi, 'a kid-
he3s' and Xidos, ' a stone.' The disease of calculus
in the kidney; Lith'ia rena'lin, Lithi'asis nephrit'-
ica, L. Rcna'Us. See Gravel.
NEPHROLITHTC, same etymon. Belonging
to calculi in the kidneys. This epithet has been
applied to ischuria, occasioned by calculi formed
in the kidneys.
NEPHRO-LITHOTOMY, Nephrotomy.
NEPHROL'OGY, Nephrolog"{a, from vtfpo;,
'kidney,' and Ao/oj, 'a treatise.' A treatise on
the kidneys. Dissertation ou the kidneys and
their functions.
NEPHROMALA'CIA, from veippos, 'kidney,'
and jxaXaKia, 'softness.' Softening of the kid-
ney.
NEPHROMETR^, Psoas.
NEPIIRON'CUS, Tumor rena'lis, from vi(ppoi,
'kidney,' and oyKOi, 'a tumour.' A tumefaction
of the kidney.
NEPHROPHLEGMAT'IC, A^e/)7()-o-/jA%7Hn<'-
icue, from yt-^ipos, ' kidney,' and ip^syna, (pXtypaTof;,
'phlegm.' A name given, by some authors, to
ischuria produced by mucus contained in the
urine.
NEPHROPHIiEGMONE, Nephritis.
NEPHROPHTHI'SrS, from v£0po?, 'kidney,'
and i^9i(r(5, 'consumption.' Phthisis from suppu-
ration of the kidney.
NEPHROPLETIIOR'IC, Nephm-plethor'icus,
from vappoi, 'a kidney,' and n-A^/^upa, ' plethora.'
Belonging to plethora of the kidneys. An epi-
thet given to ischuria dependent upon this cause.
NEPHROPY'IC, Nephro-2')y' icm, from vt(ppoi,
'a, kidney,' and tivov, 'pus.' Belonging to sup-
puration of the kidney.
NEPHROPTOSIS, Nephrapostasis, Nephrel-
cosis.
NEPHRORRHAG"IA, TfcBmntn'ria rena'lh,
HcBmorrluiffia renum, from v£.<(ipo<;, 'kidney,' and
piyt], 'rupture ;' Projiii'vimn Han'yiiims e re'nibas.
Hemorrhage from the kidney.
NEPHROS, Kidney.
NEPHROSCLE'RIA, from vf0pof, 'kidney,'
and (T/cXfjpia, 'hardness;' Indura'tio renum. In-
duration of the kidneys.
NEPHROSPAS'TIC, NepJironpax'tkus, from
vcifipof, 'a kidney,' and tnraio, 'I draw.' That
winch depends upon spasm of the kidney. An
epithet given to a variety of ischuria.
NEPIIROTHROM'BOID, Nrphm-tJiromloV-
fles. from vc^po;, ' a kidnej',' and ^poij(3os, 'a clot.'
That which depends upon clot= of blood, con-
tained in the kidneys or their ducts. An epithet
fur a species of ischuria.
NEPHROT'OMY, Nephro-Ufhot'omr/, Nephro-
tom'iii, Nephro-Uthotnm' ia, Sectio rena'lis, S. re-
nin, from viippoi, 'a kidney,' and repvtiv, 'to cut.'
Dissection of the kidney. Also, an operation pro-
y)osed with the view of extracting calculi formed
in the kidney, by means of an incision into the
tissue of that organ.
NEPHRUS, Kidney.
NEPIOS, lufans.
NEPIOTES, Infancy.
NEPTA, Asphaltum.
NERA, Toddy.
NERANTIA, see Citrus aurantium.
NERE. Kidney.
NERF, Nerve — n. Clrconjlexe, A.xillnry ncrvo
— ». Beiitairi:, Dental nerve — n. Finnier, Oiutcai
nerve — h. Glimsn-pharjiiuiUn, Pliaryngo-glossal
nerve — n. Gitatatif, see Lingual nerve — u. (#'»».
tiilif iiiiiominf, Trigcmini — n. Giilliind, Palatine
(middle) nerve — ii. Giitliuo-jxdatiii, Pahitinc
nerve — n. J/onteux, Pudic nerve — u. Jricu, Ciliary
nerve — )i. hchio-ditorien, Pudic nerve — h. IhcIuo-
penien, Pudic nerve — »i. Lnb)/riiilhi<iiie, AmWlory
nerve — n. Ifentoiinier, Mental ncrvo — n. Moleur
oculnire externe, Motor oculi externus — n. Octiln.
miisculnire e.rterne, Motor oculi externus — h.
Oculo-miinculaire interne, Patheticus nervus
n. Pothetiqiic, Patheticus nervus — ji. P(roiiih-e
hranche. Popliteal nerve, external — n. Pliari/iiyo-
(jloKsien, Pharyngo-glossal nerve — n. Pneiwwijus.
trique, Pneumogastric nerve — n. Premiere pnire
trachelienne, Occipital nerve — n. Prelibio-diijilid,
Musculo-cutaneous nerve, see Popliteal nerve — u.
Pritibio-Husphalangetnire, see Popliteal nerve
». Pritibio siisplmitaire, Tibial nerve, anterior
n. lladio-diyitul, Radial nerve — »i. Scialiipie
grand. Sciatic nerve, great — n. Seititique petit.
Sciatic nerve, lesser — n. Sciatique poplite externe,
Musculo-cutaneous nerve — n. Smm-occipital, Oc-
cipital nerve — n^ Som-pubio-femoral, Obturator
nerve — n. Spinn-cninio-trnpezien, Spinal nerve —
n. Susmaxi/laire, Maxillary superior nerve — n.
Sufjjidiien, Supra-pubian nerve — )i. Sympnlhi-
qne. Trisplanchnic nerve — )i. grnnd Sympathique,
Trisplanchnic nerve — n. Tibiale brandie, Popli-
teal internal — n. Traehertl, Laryngeal inferior
nerve — n. Trac/ielo-dorsal, Spinal nerve — ». Tri-
Jumeau, Trigemini — n. d Troia cordts, Trigcmini
— «. Tympnnique, Chorda tympani — n. Ydqiie,
Pneumogastric nerve— n. Vertebro-diijital, Mus-
culo-cutaneous nerve.
NERFS BRONCHIQUES, Bronchial nerves
— n. Ci!i((ireH, Ciliary nerves — n. Craniena, Cere-
bral nerves- — -n. 3Iotenra ocnlairea cnmnnina, Mo-
tores oculorum — n. liacltidiena, Vertebral nerves
— ». Sitcrea, Sacral nerves — n. Suns-coatulta, In-
tercostal nerves.
NERION, Nerium oleander.
NERIS, MINERAL WATERS OF. N6ri? ia
on the high road from Moulins to Limoges, eighty
leagues from Paris. There are four springs, the
water of which is clear, inodorous, tasteless, and
has an unctuous feel. It contains carbonic arid
gas, carbonate of soda, and sulphate of soda,
chloride of sodium, silex, and an animal matter to
which its 'oleaginous* property is probably owing.
The waters are generally used in the form of
thermal baths.
NE'RIUM, from vripos, 'humid,' because grow-
ing in moist places. N. oleander.
Ne'rium Antidysenter'igum, Wrifjlit'ia nnti-
dyaenfer'ica. The tree which affords the Cudnfja'-
}ial(i Baric. Cones'ai cortex, TiUichcr'ry cortex,
Cortex profln'cii. Family, Apocynese. Sex. Syat.
Pentandria Monogynia. (Y.)Codafi<ip(de, Cropnle.
The bark of this Malabar tree is of a black colmir,
externally, and is generally covered with a whito
moss or scurf. It has an austere, bitter taste, and
has been recommended as an astringent in diar-
rhoea, dysentery, &c.
Ne'rium Olean'der, Xe'rium, Rhododnph'int,
Eosn'go, (F.) Lavrier rose, Lanroae, Nerion,
Roauge, Rhododaphne. The leaves are reputed
to be narcotic. The infusion is employed inter-
nally, in herpetic affections, and the powder, in-
corporated with lard, is used in the itch.
NERONIA'NA seu NERO'XICA (PIILEBO-
TOM'IA.) An epithet given, for some cause, to
phlebotomy, when more than one vein was opened
NER PR UN' P UR G A TIF G 2 7
NEIl\i:.o
on the same dny, or to bleeding coup nur coup. \
Termed Nenmlnna, because the philosopher
Seneca was bled to death under Nero [?].
NERPHUN I'URGATIF, Rhainnus.
NERVE, Nervna, Nenroit, vcvpov, ' a string.'
(F.) Nerf. Neuron and Neivus meant also, with
the ancients, a tendon and a ligament, Partes
uervo'iKP, ; and hence the different acceptations of
'nervous;' — 'a man of nerve — a strong, nervous
iniin; and a weak, Jieryoii* woman.' The nerves
lire tubular cords of the same substance as that
which composes the encephalon and spinal mar-
row. They extend from one or other of the ner-
vous centres to every part of the body, commu-
nicating, frequently, with each other; forming
plej-nses, and, occasionally, j/aiif/^Voisy and being,
iit length, lost in the parenchyma of organs.
There are 42 pairs, and, according to their origin,
they are termed Cratiidl or Eneephalic, and Spi-
luil. Each nerve is composed of several filaments
or cords placed alongside each other, and is sur-
rounded by a neurilemma. The encephalic
nerves, in general, have only one root in the
brain, whilst the spinal arise from the marrow by
two roots : the one from an anterior fasciculus of
filaments, the other from a posterior, separated
from each other by the Li(/ameiitum denticnlutum ;
uniting outside this ligament, and presenting, near
the intervertebral foramen, a ganglion formed
only by the posterior root. The two roots make,
afterwards, but one nerve; and, like the encepha-
lic nerves, proceed to their destination, subdi-
viding into rami and ramusculi, until they are
finally lost in the texture of the organs. The
trunks first formed are commonly round, and
proceed alone, or accompany the great vessels,
being placed in the areolar s])aces which separate
the organs, and are thus protected from injury.
Tiieir manner of termination we are not acquainted
with ; whether the nervous pulp, for instance, as
is more probably the fiict, be distributed or lost
in a membrane, as seems to be the case with the
nerves of sight, hearing, and smell, — or are
looped. Certain it is, that there is considerable
difference in the organs, as respect» the quantity
of nerves that terminate in them ; and the [lar-
tieular arrangement of the nervous extremities.
Some organs have numerous nerves ; others seem
to have none : a circumstance which influences
considerably the sensibility of parts.
The Encejihalic Xeri:eH arise from the ence-
phalon, or are inserted into it; (according as we
consider the brain the origin or termination of the
nerves ;) and make their exit by foramina at the
base of the skull. They are 12 in number. The
s))inal nerves are 31 in number, 8 cervieni, 12
dorsal, 5 luiidxir, and 6 sacral : the four inferior
cervical being much larger than the superior,
because they furnish the nerves of the upper ex-
tremities.
SYNOPTICAL TABLE OF THE NERVES,
Olfactory . . .
(1st pair.)
Motorcs Oculorum.
('3d pair.)
Terminate in the retina.
Divided into internal, extcr
nal, and tniddlR hranchcs
whirli arc distributed on thi
Schiieiderian men] lira ne.
Optic j
(■2d pair.) (
' Superior Branch. To the rectus
superior oculi and levator
palpi'brm superioris.
Ivf Prior Branch. To III" rer'Ms
iiitornus, recins inferior and
lesser oblique muscles; a
filament vvliich goes to llie
oplitlialniic ganfflion.
4. Pothetici ( To t lie if i eater oblique muscle
(4lh pair.) } of the eye.
' Ophllin/mic Branch. Divided
into three branches. 1. 'I'he
lachrymal brunch, to the la-
chiynial jrlanri and upper
eye-lid. 2. Fronlnl br/mcli.
to the forehead and upper
eyelid. 3. JVasal hranr/i. to
the eyelids, nasal fossie, and
nose.
Superior Maxillary Branch.
I. The orbilar branch, to the
orbit, i. The po-terior and
superior dental, to the last
three molar teeth and ffunis
3. The anterior dental, to
the incisor, canine, and two
lesser inolares 4 Infra-
orhitar. to the upper lip
cheek, and nose.
Inferior Miriillanj Branch. 1.
7'fm/)orrt/ profound i)raiirhes.
to the temporal muscle. 2.
Misseterine branch, to the
niasscler muscle 3. Buccal
to the inner surface of the
cheek. 4. Pleryiroid. tn the
internal pterygoid muscle.
5. Linaual, to the mucous
nieinbrarie of the tonuue
6. Inferior dental, to the
teeth of the lower jaw. and
to the lower lip ". .^uri-
I cular branch, to the pavilion
( of the ear and forehead.
L Cranial or Encephalic Nerves.
6. Ahducentcs . . .
Uith pair.)
5. / »r Tritrcminum
\5th pair.)
7. Facial
(Portio dura of the
7tli pair.)
P. .Auditory
(I'ortio nndlis of the
Ttli pair 1
9. Olo.'<KO-pliariivseal.
(Pi.rtion of the 8lh
pair.)
10. Par Vasum.
{i*X\\ pair.)
11. Spinal or .Acces-
sory of Willis
12. Hypoglossal ...
(9th pair.)
I To the rectus externus oculi.
( 1. At its exit from the ora-
I niuin, llic posterior aurieu-
I /ar, styloliyotd, and infra-
mastnid. tn the pavilion ol
I the ear, the mastoid process,
the diyasiricus. and the mus-
cles attached to the styloid
process.
2. Near the parotid gland, the
temporal, ni'tlar, buccal, su-
pramarillury. and infra
maiillury to the whole su-
^ p<rrficies of the face.
To the vestibule, semi circular
canals, and cochlea.
To the base of the tongue and
pharynx.
f 1. /JV THE J\rF.CK, — H pha
rynn-eal branch to the pha-
rynx; superior laryngeal
branch to the larynx, and to
some muscles of the infe-
rior hyoid region. Cardiac
branches to the cardiac
plexus.
2. JJV THE CHEST.— the in-
ferior '<i/-y«ifra/branch toihe
Jaryn.v ^ulmonary branchiB
whirli ttnni the pbxus of
the same iiinne: icsophaseul
branrhes to the nesopliagus
3 /JV THE jiBIJOMI.JV.-
pa^tric branches to the i)a-
rietes of the stomach: fila-
inciils which go to the neigh-
bouring plexuses.
At its exit from the cranium—
the accessory of the pnevmo
goDtrie nerre anasl(unosin;j
with this nerve. In the
neck — filaments to the tras-
peziiis iiinsclcs.
Cerricalis dc^'cendens, to the
muscles of the inferior hyoid
region, and lo the cervical
nerves. Filaments to llie
muscles of the tongue.
NERVES
628
NERVES
II. Spinal or Vertebral A'erves.
1. Cc^
xl Ne:
Cervical Plexus .
(Anterior Branch. Anastomo-
\sl Cervical Pair -; sing par arcade with the
(^ second pair.
(Anterior Branch. A branch
anastomosing with the first
pair: a branch which goes
to the cervical plexus.
3d and ith Cervical f Anterior Branch. Concurring
Pairs \ in the cervical plexus.
The Posterior Branch of these four pairs ramifies on
the occiput and muscles of the superficial and deep-
seated cervico-occipital regions.
Descending Branches. — 1. In-
ternal descending, anasto-
mosing with a branch of
the hypoglossu-s. 2. Ilirenic
branch, to the diaphragm.
3. External descending bran-
ches, dividing into supra-
clavicular, supra-acromial,
infra-clavicular, and cervi-
cales profundi, to the mus-
cles and integuments of the
upper part of the chest and
shoulder, to the trapezius,
levator scapulae, rhomboid-
eus, iSrc.
AscENDi.N'o Branches. — 1. Mas-
toid, to the posterior and
lateral part of the head and
the inner surface of the pa-
vilion of the ear. 2. Auricu-
lar, to the parotid gland and
pavilion of the ear.
Superficial Cervical Branches.
(2.) To the platysma myoi-
des, digastricu.s, the integu-
ments of the neck, kc.
Aniirior Brandies. Assisting
in the formation of the bra-
chial plexus.
hth, Wi, and 1th Cer- , Posterior Branches. To the
" ' muscles and integuments
of the postei'ior part of the
neck and upper part of the
back.
1. Thoracic Branches, (2.) to
the anterior and lateral
parts of the chest. 2. Supra-
scapular]/ branch to the mu.s-
cles of the posterior scapular
region. 3. Infni-scupulary
branches (3.) to the subsca-
pularis, teres major, teres
minor, and latissimus dorsi.
4. The brachial interna cu-
taneous, to tlie integuments
of the palmar and dor.«al
surfaces of the forearm, near
the ulnar margin. 5. The
bracliial exiernai cutanenus.
principally to the integu-
ments of the palmar and
dorsal surfaces of the fore-
arm, near the radial margin.
6. The median nerve, to the
forearm, hand, and palmar
surface of all the fingers.
7. The cubital nerve, to the
last two fingers. 8. The ra-
dial, to the first three. 9.
The axillary, around the
shoulder-joint, and to the
neighbouring muscles.
2. Dorsal Nerves, {Nervi dorsales.)
lstD(yrsal Pair S Anteri,rr Branch. To the bra-
t chial plexus.
2d and 3d Dorsal < Anterior Branches. An inter-
Pairs \ costal and brachial branch.
f Anterior Branches. Internal
branches, to the intercostals.
triangularis sterni. pecto-
ralis major, and to the skin.
External branches to the
vical Pairs..
Brachial Plexus..
ah. 5th, Wi, and 1th
Dorsal Pairs
ith, 5th, 6th, and Tth
Dorsal I'airs
fintegu
ohliqu
, nis, ai:
mh, 9th, loth, and
11^/t Dorsal Pairs...
12th Dorsal Pair..
Lumbar Plexus ■
umcnts of the chest, the
[uus externus alRlonii-
nd the skin of the ub-
l^ domeu.
f Anterior Branches. Internal
branches, to the transver-
salis, obliquus internus, and
rectus muscles, and to llie
skin of the abdomen. Ex-
ternal branches, to the in-
teguments of the chest, and
to the muscles and skin of
the abdomen.
Anterior Branch. To the first
lumbar nerve, and to the
muscles and skin of the ab-
domen as far as the iliac
(^ crest.
The Posterior Branches of the dorsal nerves are dis-
tributed to the muscles and integuments of the
back and loins.
3. Lumbar Nerves.
\st, 2d, 3d. and mj'^l'fZ'^.^^fVrf^. ?"?'"
Lumbar Pairs | ^^^"^^J^ ^°™ ^^^ ^"""^"'^
6th Pair S^njerior BrancJi. AkUng in
( forming the sciatic plexus.
The Posterior Branches of the lumbar nerves arc dis-
tributed to the loins, sacrum, and nates.
1. Musciilo-cnlaneous Branches,
to the number of three. One
superior, to the muscles of
the abdomen, to the fold of
the groin, and the scrotum:
a middle, to the integuments
and muscles of the aljdomen :
and an inferior, to the skin
of the thigh. 2. A genito-
crural branch to the integu-
ments of the scroium, the
groin, and the thigh. 3. The
crural nerve, to the integu-
ments and muscles of the
thigh, skin of the leg, and
foot. 4.'The obturator n(!rve,
to the niu.scles at the inner
part of the thigh. 5. The
lumbosacral, to the sciatic
plexus. It gives ofl thi- glu-
teal nerve to the glutsci
muscles.
4. Sacral Nerves.
1 t nj nj J an f Anterior Branches. They form
Isf 2d, Sd, and 4th ] , ^ j^ j^^ ^^ '^^^^^■^
Sacral Pairs | pf^^„,
(Anterior Branches. To the
5th and Uh Pairs < parts in the vicinity of the
( coccyx.
The Posterior Branches ramify on the muscles and
integuments of the nates.
' 1. Hemorrhoidal nerves, to the
rectum. 2. Vesical, to the
bladder. 3. Uterine and va-
ginal, to the vagina and
uterus. 4. Inferior gluteul,
to the gluteal muscles, peri-
naeum, and integuments of
the posterior part of the
thigh. 5. Pidic. to the p<-
rina'um. penis, or vu!va. 6.
Sciatic, divided into the ex-
Sciatic Plexus ■{ tern/d jmplitiral. which rami-
fies on the integuments and
muscles of the externul side
of the leg. on the (hjr^uni of
the foot, and the dorsal sur-
face of the toes: and into
the internal ■poplitenl, distri-
buted on the dorsal surface
of the two last toes, to the
muscles of the font, nnd on
the plantar sui r.ii.' of all
the toes.
NERVES
G29
NERVES
Classifications of the nerves have been recom-
mcndeU accordin;^ to their uses, in preference to
the unliniify anatomical arrangement. It has
been remarked that the encephalic nerves have
generally one root; the sjiinal two. E.\|)eri-
nieiits and pathological facts have proved,
that the anterior column of the marrow and the
anterior roots of tlie spinal nerves are inservient
to volition or voluntary motion: and that the
po.sterior column and roots are destined for
sensibility. Hence the spinal nerves, which have
two roots, must be the conductors both of motion
and feeling; whilst the encephalic, which, with
but few exceptions, have but one, can possess but
one of these properties : — they must be either sen-
sitive or motor, according as they arise from the
posterior or anterior column of the medulla:
iinil, c(mse(iuently, three classes of nerves may be
distinguished.
f Arising, by a single root,
, c from the posterior column
1. cieiisory < r .1 in 11
•' I ot the medulla oblongata
or spinal marrow.
■ Arising, by a single root,
2. Motor J. from the anterior column
( of the same parts.
, p J f Which have two roots: one
3. Aenonry ana ,■ ,, . . ,
,, , ■' < irom the anterior, and one
Motor ] r .. ,. ■ ,
(^ irom the posterior column.
According to Sir Charles Bell, the medulla ob-
longata is composed of three columns on each
f iile ; an anterior, a tiiiddle, and a jxmterior.
Whilst the anterior and posterior columns pro-
duce the nerves of motion and sensation respec-
tively, the middle, according to Sir Charles,
gives rise to a third set of nerves — the respira-
tory. To this order belong : —
1. The accessory nerve of Willis, or superior
respirntori/.
2. The par vagum.
3. The glosso-pharyngeal.
4. The fiicial or respiratory of the face.
5. The phrenic.
6. A nerve which has the same origin as the
phrenic ; — the external respiratory.
When a horse has been hard-ridden, every one
of these nerves is in action.
This division is now, however, generally aban-
doned, and there does not seem to be a third
column, especially destined for respiration.
Sir C. Bell, again, reduced the system of
nerves to two gfeat classes. 1. Those that are
reijnlnr, primitive, symmetrical, and common to
all animals, from the worm to man ; which have
double roots, and preside over sensibility and
motion : and, 2. The irregular or superadded,
which are added to the preceding, in proportion
Bs the organization of animals offers new or more
complicated organs. To the first class belong all
the spinal nerves and at least one encephalic —
the 5th pair; — to the second, the rest of the
nervous system.
Dr. Marshall Ilall has proposed a division of
the nervous system, which is calculated to ex-
plain many of the anomalous circumstances so
frequently witnessed. He proposes to divide all
the nerves into, 1. The cerebral or the sentient
and voluntary. 2. The fr»e «jdi'h«/ or excito-mo-
torj'. 3. The ganylionic or cyrlo-yintylionic, —
the nutrient and secretory. If the sentient and'
voluntary functions be destroyed by a blow upon
the head, the sphincter muscles will still contract
when irritated, because the irritation is conveyed
to the spine, and the reflex action takes place to
the muscle so as to throw it into contraction. Bot
if the s-pinal marrow be now destroyed, the
sphincters remain entirely motionless, because
the centre of the system is destroyed. Dr. Hall
thinks that a peculiar set of nerves constitutes,with
the vesicular centre of the marrow as their axis,
the second sub(livision of the nervous system ; and
as those of the first subdivision are distinguished
into sentient and voluntary, these may be distin-
guished into the excitor and motory. The first,
or the excitur nerves, pursue their course princi-
pally from internal surfaces, characterized by pe-
culiar excitabilities, to the centre of the medulla
oblongata and m. spinalis: the second, or the motor
nerves, pursue a reflex course from the medulla
to the muscles, having peculiar actions concerned
principally in ingestion and egcstion. The mo-
tions connected with the first or cerebral subdi-
vision are sometimes, indeed frequentlj', sponta-
neous; those connected with the true si)inal are,
he believes, always excited. Dr. Hall thinks, too,
that there is good reason for viewing the fifth,
and posterior spinal nerves as constituting an
external ganglionic system for the nutrition of
the external organs; and he proposes to divide
the gan(jlio)iic subdivision of the nervous system
into, 1. The internal ganglionic, which includes
that usually denominated the sympathetic, and
probably filaments of the pneumogastric ; and,
2. The external ganglionic, embracing the fifth
and posterior spinal nerves. To the cerebral sys-
tem he assigns all disea^^es of sensation, percep-
tion, judgment, and volition — therefore all pain-
ful, mental, and comatose, and some paralytic
diseases. To the true spinal, excito-motory,
rejlex, or diastaltic nervous system, belong all
spasmodic and certain paralj'tic diseases. He
properly adds, that these two parts of the ner-
vous system influence each other both in health
and disease, as they both influence the ganglio-
nic system.
The main views of Dr. Hall on the excito-mo-
tory function have been generally emlnaced.
The following tabular view of the arrangement
and connexions of the nerves and nervous centres
has been given by Dr. Carpenter. It affords a
good general view, although some of the detaila
might admit of modification.
NERVES
630
KERVES
Tabular VlE^Y op the Nervous Centres.
f CuREBRAi, Ganglia,
Afferent fibres derived | the seat of the formation of lileiis, and the instrument AlTiTcnt fihres derived
from Sensory Gandia; ef- ) of the Keasoning processes and Will; partioipntinu' also i from Sensory Canjrlia; .jf.
ferent fibres transmitted! with the Sensory Ganglia in the formation of the Kmo- f fcrent fibres transmitted
to motor centres. tions; and thus the original source of Volu7dar!/ ».ud I to motor centret;.
(_ Emotional movements. J
AfTeren
! from S(
Afferent fibres derived ">
from postcn-ior column of j
ppiii;il cord; (afferent fibres J. for harmonization of muscular action
transmitted into posterior ^""^ "'""' »- _<-.i,„
column. J
Cerebeixic Ganoiia,
the ganglionic centre of the sexual sense (.?).
f Afferent fibres dorivod
I from posterior cohiniii of
s; including also ■^ spinal cord; efferent fJbrcN
1 transmitted into motor
[ column.
Cranio-Spinal Axis,
or centre of
Automatic actions;
including —
Sensory Gangua,
Radiating fibres to Cere- "l
bral Gauiilia :— Nerves of
Common and Special Sen- ! i „. , ,. . , .
sation ; — Motor nerves f stinctive) movements, or of Automatic actions involving
forming part of general 1 sensation.
motor system. J
the seat of Sensation, and centre of Cnn^cvmtal (or In- J Common and Sjiecial Sen
1 *■"
I. motor system.
f r.adiating fibres to Corp-
1 bral Ganglia; — Nerves of
ation ; — Motor nerve?
forming ])art of general
Afferent
and motor
nerves of
Respiration,
Deglutition, &c.
Afferent
and motor
fibres, forming
Trunks of
Bpinal Nerves.
m
5-9b
RESPrRATORT
and
Stomato-Gastrio
Ganglia,
forming the true
centres of the
Medulla Oblongata ;
instruments of Jiijlcx
movements or automap
tic actions independent of
sensation.
.. - .-1 Qj
P p-g 3
Spinal
Ganglion, or
Trve Spinal Cord,
consisting of a
coalesced series of
segmental ganglia,
the instru-
ments of h'ejlpji
operations, or Au-
tomatic actions in-
dependent of Sensar
tion.
P § s ■'
C -S J 5 fcD
h S o O «
= S
E.I
Afferent
and motor
nerves of
Respiration,
Deglutition, An
Afferent
and motor
fibres, forming
Trunks of
Spinal Nervea.
The nerves are sheathed, and are united to the
neighbouring parts, by an abundant layer of fatty
areolar texture, which sends, invpards, prolonga-
tions that separate the nervous cords and fila-
ments from each other. The arterial trunks,
distributed to them, transmit branches into their
interior. The veins follow the same course as
the arteries. Absorbents are not easily traced
even on the greatest trunks.
Nerve, Accessory, op Willis, Spinal nerve
— n. Articular, Axillary nerve — n. Buccinator,
Buccal nerve.
Nerve Cells, see Neurine — n. of Cotunnius,
Nasopalatine nerve.
Nerve, Femoral Cutaneous, see Genito-cru-
rai nerve — n. Femoro-popliteal, lesser. Sciatic
nerve, lesser.
Nerve Fibres, Filn ner'vea. Fibres ner'vece.
In the nerves of the higher animals, two forms of
nerve fibre exist — the tubular, and the gelatinous.
In the minute fibrils or tubules, Tu'bnli ner'vex,
full of nervous matter, which constitute the former,
there is a difference between the central and pe-
ripheral portion : — the former has been called the
axis ejillitder and primitive baud; the latter, the
wedullarj/ or white sitlntauce of Schxoanu, — being
that to which the peculiarly white aspect of ce-
rebrospinal nerves is principally due. In the
gelatinous fibre, no tubular envelope can be dis-
tinguished, and the white substance of Schwann
eeeins to be wanting. It contains numerous cell-
nuclei. See Neurine.
Nerve, Genital, see Gcnito-crural nerve — n.
Genito-crural, sec Genito-crural nerve — n. Glu-
teal of the Sacral plexus. Sciatic nerve, lesser —
n. Gustatory, Hypoglossal nerve — n. Inguinal,
internal, Genito-crural nerve — n. of Jacobson,
see Petrosal ganglion — n. Lateral nasal. Spheno-
palatine nerve— n. Lingual, Hypoglossal nerve —
n. Naso-oeularis, Nasal nerve — n. Naso-palpc-
bral, Nasal nerve — n. Orbito-frontal, Ophthalmic
nerve — n. Ocular, Optic nerve — n. of Organic
life, Trisplanchnic nerve — n. Paliiebro-frontnl,
Frontal nerve — n. Popliteal internal. Tibial
nerve, posterior.
Nerve Power, Nervous power.
Nerve, Respiratory, of the Face, Facial
nerve — n. Respiratory, superior. Spinal nerve — n.
Scapulo-humeral, Axillary nerve — n. Scrotal, .see
Genito-crural nerve — n. Spiral, Radial nerve — n.
Spiral, muscular. Radial nerve — n. Sub-occipital,
Occipital nerve — n. Sub-pubian, Genito-crural
nerve— n. Superficial temporal, Auricular nerve —
n. Sympathetic, Trisplanchnic nerve — n. Temporal
cutaneous, Auricular nerve — n. Ulnar, Cubital
nerve — n. Vidian, Pterygoid nerve — n. of Wris-
berg, see Cutaneous nerves — n. Zygomato-auri-
cular. Auricular nerve.
NERVES, COSTAL, Intercostal nerves — n.
Dorsal, Intercostal nerves — n. Eighth pair of,
Pneumogastric — n. Encephalic, first pair. Olfac-
tory nerves — n. Encephalic, eleventh pair. Spinal
nerves — n. Ethmoidal, Olfactory nerves — n. Fifth
pair, Trigemini— n. Fourth pair of, Patheticus ner-
NERVEUX
631
NEURALGIA
vus — n.Tnfrn-orhitar.Sub-orbi tar nerves — n. Ninth
piiir i>l", llyposlossul nerve — n. Oculo-iuuseiilar,
coiiiMi(»n, Motores oculorum — n. Plireiiie, Uia-
plir.'igmiitic nerves — n. Recurrent, Liiryngeiil infe-
rior nerves — n. Sixth i)air of, Motor <)culi externus
— n. Spinal, Verteliral nerves — n. Tenth pair of,
Pn('tiino;;a8tric--n.'J'liiril pairof,Motoresoculoruin.
KF.nVEVX. Nervoui^.
NERVI ACIIOMIALES, Acromial nerves —
n. Anonynii, Innominati nervi — n. Claviculares,
Clavicuhir nerves — n. Cutanei eluniutn inferiores,
gee Seiatic nerve, lesser — n. Divisi, Trii;euiini —
n. Entulia'nontes, Afierent nerves — n. Uustalorii,
Trifremini.
Nkuvi Molles. 'Soft nerves.' The anterior
branches of tlie superior cervical ganglion of the
great sympathetic, which acconii)aiiy the carotid
artery and its branches, around which they form
intricate j)lexuses, and, here and there, small
ganglia. They are called inoUex from their soft-
ness, and Hiibni'Ji, from their reddish hue.
Nkuvi Odohatouii, Olfactory nerves — n. Re-
versivi, Laryngeal inferior nerves -r-n. Subrufi,
NiMvi molles — n. Vulneratio, Neurotrosis.
NEKVIMO'TION, Xarvimo'Ho, from nerviis,
'nerve,' and niotia, 'motion.' A name given, by
M. Dutrochet, to the movement which is caused
in the organs of the senses by external agents,
aiul transmitted to the muscles by the nerves.
NERVIMO'TOR, (F.) Kei-rimotenr. An epi-
tliot given, by M. Dutrochet, to external agents,
vvliicli are capable of causing nervimotion.
NERVINE, Nervi'iiiiH, Neurot'iv, Neurit'ic,
Anlineurolic, Antiiiewopctth' ic, (F.) Nduotiqne,
from iiervKs, 'a nerve.' A medicine which acts
on the nervous system.
NERVOUS, A'<,cco'«i(«, Neuro'den, Aer'veus,
Ni:ii'riciis, (F.) A^eireiix. Same etymon. Re-
lating or belonging to the nerves. Strong. Also,
weak, irritable.
Nkitvous Attack, (F.) Altaque des nerfu, is an
affection accompanied with spasm, pain, and dif-
ferent nervous symptoms, to which impressible
individuals are liable.
Nkuvous Ckn'tuks, see Centres, nervous.
Nervoi's Diath'esis is termed At(ix'i<x spiri-
tnnm, Anoma'lia iiervo'riDii, Slatim iiervo'sui seu
erelhit'iciia, Diath'esis seu Coiistitii'tio nervo'sa,
Ner' voHsiieas. Medically, ueivdusiiess means unu-
sual impressibility of the nervous system. For-
merly, it signified strength, force, and vigour.
Recently, it has been applied to a hypochondri-
acal condition verging upon insanity, occasion-
ally occurring in those in whom the brain has
been unduly tasked; — a condition termed by
some cercltiap'atlii/ ; by others, birilii-/ii(/.
Nkrvous Diseases, 3/orbi nerv<>'«i, (F.) Ma-
ladica nerveuaes. Affections seated in the ner-
vous system. To purely functional disease of
the nerves. Dr. Laycoek has given the name
nnutE'mia, and to the class of diseases he applies
the e|)ithet neura'mir.
Nehvoi's Fluid, Nervous principle, Flu'ichtm
seu Jjiq'iiiilmn iier'veiim, Siicciis iiervei(», Spir'itits
rit(t'/in. The fluid which is sujjposed to circulate
through the nerves, and which has been regarded
as the agent of sensation and motion. Of this
fluid we know nothing, except that it resembles,
in many respects, the electric or galvanic. It
was formerly called Animal npirits, Spir'itus nui-
Via'lrH, (F.) Eiprila animanjc.
Neiivois Pain, Neuralgia.
Nkiivoiis Powkr, Nirre power. Vis nerro'sa
seu nerro'rnni, Ninrodipui'mia, Xinnidn'nnmis.
The power of the nerves as exhibited in the liv-
ing orgimism.
Nervous Principle. Nervous fluid.
Nervous System. The nerves and nervous
centres considered collectively. See Nerves.
NenvotTS System of the Automatic Func-
tions, Trisplanchnic nerve — n. System, gangli-
onic, see Trisplanchnic nerve — n. System, or-
ganic, see Trisplanchnic nerve — n. System of the
senses, Medulla oblongata — n. System of volun-
tary motion, &c.. Medulla spinalis.
NERVOUSNESS, Nervous diathesis.
NERYUS, see Nerve, Penis — n. Acusticus,
Auditory nerve — n. Ambulatorius, Pneumogastric
nerve — n. Anonynius, Trigemini — n. Auditor'us,
Auditory nerve — n. Caroticus, Carotid nerve — r,.
Cervico-facialis, Cervico-facial nerve — n. Com-
municans faciei. Facial nerve — n. Cutaneus inter-
nus, see Saphenous nerves — n. Cutaneus internus
longus, see Saphenous nerves — n. Decinius, Piieu-
mogastric^ — n. Ganglionicus, Trisplanchnic nerve
— n. Genito-cruralis, Genito-crural nerve — n. Ily-
poglossus, Hypoglossus.
Neuvus Impar. a prolongation of the neuri-
lemma below the lower extremity of the spinal
cord, as a fibrous filament, which is inserted into
the base of the coccyx. It was formerly regarded
as a nerve : — hence its name.
Nervus Incisivus, Incisive nerve — n. Inno-
minatus, Trigemini— n. Ischiadicus, Sciatic nerve
— n. Juvenilis, Penis — n. Latus, Achiilis tendo —
n. Lingualis lateralis, Pharyngo-glossal nerve —
n. Lingualis Pedius, Hypoglossal nerve — n. Lo-
quens, Hypoglossus — n. Lunibo-inguinalis, Ge-
nito-crural nerve — n. Mixtus, Trigemini — n.
Musculi pterygoidei. Pterygoid nerve — n. Naso-
ciliaris. Nasal nerve — n. Ojjticus, Optic nerve —
n. Pneumogastricus, Pneumogastric — n. Pudcn-
dus externus, see Genito-crural nerve — n. Quin-
tus, Trigemini — n. Spermaticus, see Genito-crural
nerve — n. Subcutaneus malae, Orbitar nerve — n.
Sympatheticus medius, Trigemini, Pneumogastric
nerve — n. Sympatheticus magnus, Trisplanchnic
nerve — n. Sympatheticus minor, Facial nerve —
n. Sympathicus, Trisplanchnic nerve — n. Sympa-
thicus medius, Trigemini — n. Temporo-facialis,
Temporo-facial nerve — n. Timidus, Motor oculi
externus — n. Tremcllus, Trigemini — n. Tris-
yilanchnicus, Trisplanchnic nerve — n. Trochlcaris,
Patheticus nervus — n. Vagus, Pneumogastric
nerve — n. Vagus cum accessorio. Spinal nerve
— n. Vaso-motorius, Trisplanchnic nerve.
NES, Nasus.
NESPITE, Melissa calamintha.
NESTIA, Jejunum.
NESTIATRIA, Limotherapeia.
NESTIS, Jejunum.
NESTITIIERAPEIA, Limotherapeia.
NESTOTIIERAPEIA, Limotherapeia.
NESTROOT, Monotropa uniflora.
NETLEAF, Goodyera pubescens.
NETTING, Urine.
NETTLE, ARCHANGEL, WHITE, Lamium
album- — n. Day, Lamium album — n. Dead, La-
mium album, L. amplexicaule — n. Dwarf, Urtiea
urcns — n. Hedge, Galeopsis — n. Horse, Solanuin
Carolinense — n. Pill-bearing, Urticaria pilulifera.
Nettle Rash, Urticaria — n. Springe, Urticaria.
Nettle, Stinging, Common, Urtiea.
Nettle Tree, Celtis oceidentalis.
NETWORT, Goodyera pubescens.
NEUR ADYNAMIA, Neurasthenia.
NEURyEMIA, see Nervous diseases. '
NEURiEMIC, see Nervous diseases.
NEURAL; from vivpov, 'a nerve.' Relating
to a nerve or to the nervous system.
Neural Arch. The arch formed by the pos-
terior projections connected with the body of the
vertebra, which protect the medulla.
Neural Axis, see Encephalon — n. Spines,
Spinous processes.
NEURAL'GIA, from vtwpov, 'a nerve,' and
aXyoi, ' pain.' Jtheiimatis'mus spn'rius nervo'i^iis,
Neurodi/n'ia, (F.) Nevral(jie, Nevrodijnie, Ner-
NEURALGIA
632
NEURILEMMITIS
voHS pa{». A generic nnine fur a certain number
of diseases, the chief symptom of wiiicii is a very
acute pain, exacerbaiing or intermitting, which
follows the course of a nervous branch, extends
to its ramitications, and seems, therefore, to be
seated in the nerve. The principal neuralgia;
have been distinguished by the mxmes /(icinl (of
which the infra-oihilnr, inaxilUuy, and frontal
lire but divisions) — the iUo-scrotal, fexioro-pojdi-
teal, fenioro-pretibial, plantar, and cuhito-dtijital.
A division of anomalous neuralgiae has likewise
been ailmitted.
All varieties of neuralgia are obstinate, and the
greatest diversity of means has been made use
of: — bleeding, general and local, — emetics, pur-
gatives, rubefacients, vesicants, actual cautery,
narcotics, mercurial frictions, electricity ; de-
struction of a portion of the nerve, Ac. The
most successful remedy, perhaps, is the carbo-
nate of iron, given in doses of some magnitude;
as, for instance, '^s^s or Qij, twice or thrice a day,
in molasses. This plan of treatment, continued
for a month or two, will often relieve, and
ultimately remove this much dreaded affection.
The mode in which it acts is by no means clear;
but it is almost as certain as any other remedy
nsed in disease in producing its salutary effects.
The bowels must be kept free; and all inflam-
matory symptoms removed during its adminis-
tration.
Nicurai/gia, ANOM'ALOtiR. Under this name
Chaussier has included different neuroses, some
of which are characterized by acute pains circum-
scribed within a short compass, or extending by
irradiations, but not having their scat in the
course of a nerve; and others which are occa-
sioned by tumours in the course of a nerve, or
which succeed contusions or incomplete divisions
of nerves.
Nkuualgia Braciiialis, Brachialgia — n. Bra-
chio-thoracica. Angina pectoris — n. Cerebralis,
llemicrania — n. Coeliaca, Neuralgia of the solar
jilexus (Romberg) — n. Cruralis, N. femoro-ti-
bialis.
Nkuualgta Cu'bito-Digjtalis, Is'cJn'as ner-
ro'so digita'lls. In this variety the pain extends
from the part where the nerve passes under the
inner condyle to the back of the hand and to its
cubital edge.
Neuralgia Dkntalis, Odontalgia nervosa.
Neuralgia, Fa'cial, Neurahjia fa'eiei, Tn's-
wni mcxil/a'ris scu Dulorif iciis seu Clon'icns,
Opsial't/ia, Dolor cru'ci<(ns fuciei seu faciei pe-
riod'iciii, Hemicra'nia idinpnth'ica, Antal'yia
dol'iro'sn, Tic donloiireux, Dolor faciei f^eil faciei
tt/p'ico charade' re seu faciei FothenjiWi, Rhen-
maiis'niHs cnricro'mis, Jiheniatin'mns larva'tnf, Pro-
uripnl'yia, Pronopodyn' ia, Fehrln top'ica, Ophthal-
mudi/n'ia 2}eriod'ica, Tortu'ra Oris, Affectns upas-
wodico-convulsi'x-us Lahio'rxim, Face ague, is cha-
racterized by acute lancinating pains, returning
!it intervals; and by twinges in certain parts of
the face, producing convulsive twitches in the
corresponding muscles. It may be seated in the
frontal nerve, in the infra-orbitar, or in the max-
illary branch of the fifth pair.
ili'topodyn'ia, Brow-acjne, Neurnl'gla fronta'-
li", Ophthalmodyn' ia, Tic dotdoiireiix. Dolor pe-
rlod'icns, &c., commences at the superciliary fora-
men and extends along the ramifications of the
frontal nerve that are distributed on the forehead,
upper eyelid, caruucula lacrymalis, and nasal
angle of the eyelids. Sometimes it is felt parti-
cularly in the orbit.
Neiunlgia iiifra-orbita'rin, Dolor faciei atrox,
Jiheumalis'niiis cancro'sns, Trismus clon'icns, Pro-
gopal'gia, Fehris top'ica. Odontalgia, remit'tens
et intermit' tens, Hemicra'nia stpva, Infra-orbitar
neuralgia, Tic douloureux, is chiefly felt in the
infra-orbitar foramen, whence it passes to the
cheek, upper lip, ala nasi, lower eyelid, Ac.
In Neuralgia inaxilla'ris, (in<it)itil'gia, Gnatho-
ncural'gia. Tic douloureux, Trimnus catarihu'lii
niaxi/laris, the pain usually sets out from the
mental foramen and passes to the chin, lips, tem-
ple, teeth, and tongue.
Neuralgia, False. A term assigned to pnins
along a nerve or its ramifications, produced by
some body compressing it, — those jiaiiis termina-
ting with the removal of the coniprc.«siiig cause.
Nf;iIRALGIAFKI\l'OHO-l'orLIT^'A. A. /»(■//)(((/'/(■«,
Sciat'ica, Schias, JJalnm ischiad'icnm. Morbus
inclilad'icus, Passio ischiad' ica, Inch' iagro, Is-
cliiol'gin, hchio'sis, Ischionenral'gin, Voxal'yia,
Dolor Ischiad'icus nervo'sus, Is'chius, I. nerro'sti
Cotngnii seu Cotunnii, I. nervo'sa posti'ca scu
rheuma'tica, Neuriscli'ias, Cox'ayra, hchiat'iia,
Jschoneural'yia, (Prov. Devonshire) Jlone-sliare,
(F.) Sciatlqne, Goutte sciatiipie. This is charac-
terized by pain following the great sciatic nerve
from the ischiatic notch to the ham, and alnng the
peroneal surface of the leg to the sole of the foot.
NkUKALGIA FKM'ORO-Pnj';TIBIA'LlS, N. crural,
Ischios ncrvo'sa anti'ca, Scelal'gia anii'ca. In
this, the pain, setting out from the groin, spreads
along the fore part of the thigh, and passes down,
chiefly on the inner side of the leg, to the inner
ankle and back of the foot.
Nkuralgia op the Heart, Angina pectoris —
n. Hepatica, Uepatalgia.
Neuralgia Ilio-Schotal has been rarely ob-
served. It is characterized by a very acute pain,
in the course of the branches of the first luiiilmr
pair; this pain follows the crista ilii and accom-
panies the spermatic vessels to the testicle, which
is often painfully retracted.
Neuralgia, Lead, see Lead rheumatism — n.
Lienis, Splenalgia.
Neural'gia IMamMjE, Tr'ritable breast. An ex-
ceedingly painful afl'cction of the female mamma,
unaccompanied by inflammation.
Neuralgia Planta'ris. This is rare; and
the pain is confined to the course of the plantar
nerves.
Neuralgia Renum, Nephralgia— n. Spinalis,
Spinal irritation — n. Testis, Orchidalgia.
N E U 11 A N A G E N N E'MS, Kcnru.iaph'ysis,
vevfjov, 'a nerve,' and avayevvuut, ' lo regenerate.'
Regeneration or renewal of a nerve.
NEURANAPTIYSIS, Neumnaircnnesis.
NEURAPOPIIYSIS, see Vertebra;.
NEURASTHENI'A, Neuradyna'min, Drhil'-
itas nervo'sa. Debility or impaired activity of
the nerves; from vtvpnv, ' a nerve,' and aoBtrua,
'debilitv.' — See Irritable.
NEURECTOM'IA, from vcvt,ov, 'a nerve,' and
cKTo/iri- 'excision.' Excision of a nerve.
NEURICUS, Nervous.
NEURILEM'MA, Neurih'ma, Neurily'mn,
Neu'rymen, Perineu'rion, Fis'tula si'U Tu'buliis
seu Cap'eula seu Inrohi'crum nervo' ruw , Mevi-
bra'na seu 3fenibran'ula seu Tn'nica seu Jvdii-
men'tum nerro'rum, Vagi'na uervo'rnm ; (F.)
Kevrillme, Perinirre ; from vcvpov, ' a nerve,' and
>cf(^a, 'a coat.' The fine transparent, and appa-
rently fibrous membrane that surrounds the
nerves — to every filament of which it forms a true
canal.
Robin restricts the term pfrinevre to the struc-
•ture that invests the primitive bundles of nerves;
and every nervous filament. It difl"ers from the
neurilemma, in its onlinary acceptation, which
forms a coat of some thickness in the larger
nerves, and supports the nutrient vessels, whiitl
the perinerre exhibits no capillaries.
NEURILEMMATITIS, Neurilemmitis.
NEURILEMMI'TIP, Ni-nrilimmati'tis, Nen.
rolemmuti'tis, Neurili'tia, (F.) KevriUmite, from
NEURILITIS
633
N^VROTOME
neiin'lemmn, and itin, denoting inflammation.
.Same etymon. Inflammation of the neurilemma.
NBUiMLITIS, Neurilemraitis.
N H i; 11 1 liY MA , Neurilemma.
NlOiJllIXK. Mvdid'la uervo'rnm, (F.) Nevrine,
Albmiiiiie cerehrnle ou rfii cervenn. from vevpov, 'a
nerve.' The substance of wliich the nervous
nystem i.s composed. It consists chiefly of albu-
men and a peculiar fatty matter, associated with
iiho-'iphorus. There are two kinds of neurine —
ihe one venlcular or consisting essentially of
neme veuicUs or nerve celU or corpuscles, or, as
they are sometimes called, from their prevailing
ill the ganglia — yaiiylloii corpuscles and ijaixjlion
ijliihitks ; the other, the tubular, formed — as the
word imports — of tubules. The former is the
(ilneritions or cortical nervous matter of the older
aiiatorai.-its ; — the latter, the white or medullary.
The vesicular neurine has appeared to be re-
stricted to the production and distribution of
nerve-power; the tubular, to its conduction; yet
tlie experiments of Dr. Brown-Sequard show,
that the former conveys sensitive impressions
friiin the posterior spinal roots to the brain.
NKUIUSCIIIAS, Neuralgia femoro-poplitaea.
NKURITIC, Nervine.
NEinil'TIS, lujinmma'tio nervo'riim, Neiiro-
uhldf/o'sis, Neurophle<i'mone, (F.) Iiiflamination
lilts Nerfs, Neorite, from vevpov, 'a nerve,' and
ills, a suffi.K denoting inflammation. Inflamma-
tion of II nerve.
NEUKOBLACI'A, from vevpov, 'a nerve,' and
(iXuKfiri, 'stupor.' Insensibility of the nerves.
NHUKOCIIONDRO'DES, from vtvpov, 'a si-
new,' ^(^ovipog, ' a cartilage,' and eiSos, ' resem-
blance.' A hard substance between a sinew and
a cartilage.
NKURODES, Nervous.
NKIJRODYNAMIA, Nervous power.
NKURODYNAMIS, Nervous power.
NKURODYNIA, Neuralgia.
NHUROdAMIA, Magnetism, animal.
NEUROCJ'RAPIIY, Xeuroyraph'ia ; from vev-
pov,'a, nerve,' and yp'^'Pi, 'a description.' The
[iirt of anatomy which describes the nerves.
NEUROIIYPNOL'OGY', NcHrohypm,lo(i"ia,
from vtu/xii/, 'a nerve,' 'uiri/o;, 'sleep,' and Xoyoi,
' II treatise.' A name given by Mr. Braid to his
theory of magnetic sleep. See Magnetism, ani-
mal.
NEURO-HYPNOTISM, see Magnetism, ani-
mal.
NEUUOLEMMATITIS, Neurilemmitis.
NEUROL'OGY, NeHroIoq"ia, (F.) Nevrologie,
from vtvpov, 'a nerve,' and \oyoi, 'a discourse.'
The part of anatomy which treats of the nerves.
NEURO'MA. (F.) Nerrome, from vtvpov, 'a
nerve.' A morbid enlargement of a nerve. Ap-
plied to subcutaneous, circumscribed, and highly
p^iinful tumours formed on the tissue of the
nerves; and likewise to a small, hard, grayish tu-
mour, Neuroma'tloii, Kervons gaui/liou, pciitiful
tii'bercle, of the size of a pea, which is observed
ill the course of nerves, and appears to be formed
from the neurilemma.
NEUROMALA'CIA; from vevpov, 'a nerve,'
anil iiiihiKtii, 'softening.' Softening of nerves.
NET ROM AT ION, Neuroma.
N E U R 0 .M KT E R ES, Psofo.
NEUROMYEM'TIS, from vevpov, 'a nerve,'
liKcXoi, • marrow,' and itis, denoting inflamma-
lion. Inflammation of the medullary matter of
the nerves.
N'EIUION, .ciee Nerve.
XEURON'OSOS, Neiironn'soa, from vevpov, 'a
nerve,' and voaoi, 'a disease.' A disease of the
nerves. _
NEUROXYG'ME, Xeuront/g'mus, Netiroiit/x'is,
from vevpov, 'a nerve,' and vvyi)>], 'puncture;'
Puuc'tio nervi. Puncture of a nerve.
NEUROPATII'IC, Neuropath' icus, from vevpov,
'a nerve,' and Kados, 'a disease.' Belonging to
disease of the nerves, to Neuropathi'a or iVeu-
rou'ostis,
NEUROPIILEGMONE. Neuritis.
NEUROPHLOGOSIS, Neuritis.
NEUROPLAS'TY, Neuroplas'tice, (F.) Nev-
roplaslie, from vevpov, ' a nerve,' and TrXaariKos,
' forming.' M. Sen-es applies this term to a gau-
glionary alteration of the peripheral nerves.
NEUROPYRA, Fever, nervous. Typhus mitior.
NEUROPYRETUS, Fever, nervous, Typhus
mitior.
NEURO'SES, (F.) Nivroses, from vevpov, 'a.
nerve.' A generic name for diseases supposed
to have their seat in the nervous system, and
which are indicated by disordered sensation, vo-
lition, or mental manifestation ; without any evi-
dent lesion in the structure of the parts, and
without any material agent producing them.
Such is the usual definition. Broussais attributes
them to a state of irritation of the brain and spi-
nal marrow.
NEURO-SKELETON, see Skeleton.
NEUROSPASxMI, see Spasm.
NEUROSTHENI A, (F.) Nevrosthenie, from
vevpov, 'a nerve,' and aOiveta, 'strength.' Excess
of nervous irritation. Nervous irritation.
NEUROTHELIC APPARATUS, Corpus pa-
pillare.
NEUROTIC, Nervine.
NEUROT'ICA. Diseases of the nervous func-
tion. The 4th class of Good's Nosology.
NEUROTOME, Nevrotome.
NEUROT'OMY', Neurotom'ia, (F.) Nevrotomie.
Same etymon. Dissection of nerves. Also, an
incised wound of a nerve.
NEUROTRO'SIS, Ncurotros'mus, from vevpov,
' a nerve,' and rpwais, ' wounding.' Nervi vulne-
ra'tio. Wound or wounding of a nerve.
NEUROTROSMUS, Neurotrosis.
NEURY'MEN, Neurilemma.
NEUTA, Neutha. A membrane, according to
Paracelsus, which covers the eyes and ears of the
foetus in utero.'
NEUTRAL, from neuter, ' neither.' Belonging
to neither in particular.
Neutual S.\lts, Scc'on<htrij salts, (F.) Sels
nentres. Salts, composed of two primitive saline
substances, combined together, and not possess-
ing the characters of acid or of base.
NEVIS, MINERAL WATERS OF. Thermal
springs in the department of Allier, France.
Temperature, 1.36° to 148° Fahrenheit.
NEVRALOIE, Neuralgia— n. du Foie, Hepa-
talgia — ;i. des Reins, Nephralgia — n. de I' Uterus,
Ilysteralgia.
NEVJifLEME, Neurilemma.
NE VETLE.UITE, Neurilemmitis.
NEVRINE, Neurine.
NEVRITE, Neuritis.
NEVRODYNfE, Neuralgia.
NEVROLOGIE, Neurology.
NEVROME, Neuroma.
NEVROSE DU C(EUR, Angina pectoris.
NEVROSES, Neuroses.
NE VROSTNENIE, Neurosthenia.
NEVROTUELE, from vevpov, 'nerve,' and
^ijXi), 'papilla.' Concerning the papillae of the
skin.
Appareil NevrothSle. The papillary appa-
ratus, or arrangement of the skin in the aggregate.
— Breschet.
NE VJlOTOJfE, Neurotome, Neurot'onius J- from
NEVROTOMIE
684
NIPPLE
vcvgov, 'a nerve,' and tiixvu), 'Lout,' 'I dissect.' '^ ph'trimii'tii, Pidpchni'tlo, Tictidlinff of fhe ryr,
An instrument used by anatomists to dissect the \ (F.) Cli'ijifotcment, CiUciiieiit. A nipid and re-
peated movement of the eyelids, wliieh ojien mid
shut alternately. As occasionally perl'Driiied, it
nerves. It is a long and very narrow scalpel,
Laving two edges.
NEVROrOMIE, Neurotomy.
NEVUS, Najvus.
NEW JERSEY, MINERAL WATERS OF.
In the upper part of Morris county and in the
county of Hunterdon, near the top of JMusconet-
cong mountain, there are chalybeate springs,
which are resorted to. See Schooley'a Mountain.
NEW YORK, MINERAL WATERS OF.
The chief waters are those of Saratoga, Ballston,
Sharon, and Avon.
NEXUS STAMINEUS OCULI, Ciliary body.
NEZ, Nasus.
NGERENGERB. A singular disease, with
the New Zealanders, which Dr. Arthur S. Thom-
son considers to be a variety of such diseases as
the Elephantiasis Graecorum, Lepra of the Cos-
sacks, &c., and which he proposes to call Lepra
gatir/rffno'sn.
NIANDRIA ANOMALA, Anisodus luridus.
NICARAGUA WOOD, see CiEsalpinia.
NIC'COLI SALES, Salts of Nickel, (F.) Seh
tie Nickel. These salts are gentle tonics, and
have been given with advantage in periodic
headache, and in chlorosis and amenorrhoca. The
doso of the sulphate is gr. ss or gr. j, three times
a day.
NICCOLUM, Nickel.
NICE, CLIMATE OF. The climate of Nice
possesses some advantages over the neighbour-
ing climates of Provence and Italy, being free
from the sirocco of the latter, and protected
from the mistral of the former. Spring is the
most unfavourable season. The climate is very
dry. It has been a great winter retreat for the
consumptive; but does not deserve the enco-
miums that have been passed upon it.
NICKAR TREE, Gymnocladus Canadensis.
NICKEL, Niccohna, from (G.) Nickel, 'a
prostitute.' A term of detraction, having been
applied by the old German writers to what was
regarded as a kind of false copper ore. A white
malleable metal, s. g. 8-8; less oxidizable than
iron. The suljihate has been given as a tonic in
the dose of half a grain to a grain.
NICODE'MI O'LEUM, Oil of Nicode'mns.
An oil made by digesting, for some time, — in a
mixture of white wine and olive oil, — old turpen-
tine, litharge, aloes, saffron, osyd of zinc, &c.
NICOTIANA, N. tabacum"— n. Minor, N.
rustica.
Nicotia'na Rus'tica, called after Nicot, who
carried it to Europe; N. minor, Pritipei'n, Hijon-
ci/'m)ius lu'teioi, Eutilixh or Wild Tobacco. (Jrd.
Solanaceae. The leaves possess the properties of
tobacco, but are milder.
NiCOTlANA Tab'acum, Nicotia'nn, Ilerha tn-
baci, Tabacnm, Petiitii, Petiin, Hyoncy'amtia Pe-
riivia'niis. Tobacco, Virr/in'in tobacco, Driitik-
wort, (F.) Tahac, Nicotiane. Tobacco is a violent
aero-narcotic ; its properties seeming to depend
upon a peculiar principle, Nicotin or Nicotiatiin.
It is narcotic, sedative, diuretic, emetic, ca-
thartic, and errhine. In incarcerated hernia, it
is injected, in the form of smoke or infusion, but
require? great caution. It is extensively and
hai)itually used as an errhine and sialogogue. The
infusion is used to kill vermin, and in some cuta-
neous eruptions.
NICOTIANE. Nicotiana tabacum.
NICOTIANIN, see Nicotiana tabacum.
NICOTIN, see Nicotiana tabacum.
NICTATIO, Ilippus, Nictatio.
NICTA'TION, Nictn'tio, Nictitn'tio, from nio-
tare, nictatum, 'to wink.' Clonus nictita'tio, Ble-
is physiological; if repeatedly, a disease, it
seems to be executed chieOy by the luotur 7lh
pair of nerves; but it is necessary that llie e.\-
citor 6tli pair should likewise be in a state uf
integrity.
NIDAMENTUM, Dccidua.
NIDDICK, Nucha.
NIDOREUX, Nidorous.
Nl'DOROUS, Nidoro'sua. (F.) Nidoreii.r, from
Nidor, Ciiisna, 'the smell of any thing burnt,'
(fee. Having the smell of burnt or corrupt ani-
mal matter.
NIDUS, Nidus hirundinis.
Nidus lliiti!N'i>iNis, Nidim, Su-all(}WH' Neni.
A deep fossa in the cerebellum — so called fmm
its fancied resemblance — situate between the \\i-
lum medullare poslcrius in front, and the nudu-
lus and uvula behind.
NIEDERBROXN, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Saline waters in the depaitiiient of IJas-Rliiii,
France, which contain chloride of sodium, sul-
phate of magnesia, and carbonic acid.
AV£/>/-£, Nigella.
NIEPA BARK, see Samadera Indica.
NIGELLA, Coptis.
Nigel'la, N. Sati'va; Ord. Ranuneulacese; (ni-
grclla, from niger, 'black.) 3lelaii'thiiim, Cnmi'-
num Nirjrnin, Fennel flower, Nutmeg jluwer, Devil
in a bush, (F.) Nigelle, Nielle, Fanjc cnmiu, Flciir
Salnte-Catherine. This small southern Europesiii
and Syrian plant was formerly used medicinally
as an expectorant and deobstruent, errhine, sia-
logogue, &c.
NIGELLE, Nigella.
NIGHT-BLINDNESS, Hcmoralopia.
NIGHT EYES, Crusta genu equina;— n. Mare,
Incubus.
NIGHTSHADE, AMERICAN, Phytolacca
decandra — n. Bittersweet, Solanum dulcamara —
n. Common, Solanum — n. Deadly, Atropa bella-
donna— n. Enchanter's, Circa;a Lutetiana — n.
Garden, Solanum — n. Palestine, Solanum sanc-
tum— n. Stinking, Hyoscyamus niger — n. Vine,
Solanum dulcamara — n. Woody, Solanum dul-
camara. ^
NIGREDO A SOLE, Ephelidcs.
NIGRITA, Negro.
NIGRITIES,Meianopathia— n. Ossium, Caries.
NIGRITISM, Melanopathia.
NIGRITUDO, Melanosis— n. Pulmonum, Me-
lanosis pulmonum.
NKiROMANTIA, Necromancy.
NIGROR, Melasma.
NIGRUM OCULL Pupil.
NIHIIj ALBUM, Zinci oxydum— n. Griseum,
Zinci oxydum.
NILIACUM. Mel.
NIMA QUASSIOI'DES, Simn'ha quamioiden,
a native of Nepal and the Hiiniilnya mountains,
is as bitter as quassia, and is used like it.
NINDSIN, Slum ninsi.
NINE BARK, Spiraea opulifolia.
NINE-DAY FITS, Trismus nascentium.
NINSI. Slum ninsi,
NINSIN(t, Panax quinquefolium.
NINZIN, Slum ninsi.
NIPPLE, Sax. nypele. The Teat, Tit, T-i,
Dug, Pap, (Old Eng.) Neble, Titlij; AeromaH'timu,
IJber, Slo '
la, Mamiiiel' In, /'apt
apex, Thele, Tit'the, Titthnu, Tit'thion, Titlhh,
(F.) Mamelon, Bout de sein. The conical tubercle,
situate at the centre of the breast. Towards tli9
central part of each breast the skin changes
colour, and assumes a rosy tint in young females,
,v, ^.^lu j^ii^.y ^.-^'^.c, .,,■,,, ....»..-..■ ,
apli'ylia, Stapliyl'ium, liulxma, Minnniil -
iimet In, Papil'la, F. rtiammm, ("liens
NIPPLEWORT
C35
NODOSIA
or a reddish brown in those who have suckled
pevenil cliildren. Tlie circle is called the Areola
or Aureola of the nippfe. The nipple is capable
of erection on bein;^ excited.
Xii'i'ij;, AuTiKiciAL, lioiit de Sein.
MIM'i.KWOUT, Liips-ana.
XIUI/IOS, Herpes phlyetaenodcs. :
NirtMALIjI*'I'J.S, Strychno? potatorum.
N'lJiMILLIES, Strychnos potatorum.
NI.SUS, Ni.rits, Peini, tStraiiiiii;/, from Lat.
jiitiir, uintiK, and hIxhh, 'to endeavour.' A volun-
tary retention of the breath, so as to force down
the diapiiragm ; the abdominal muscles beinj; at
tlie tame time contractetl forcibly. In this man-
ner the contents of the iilxlomen are compressed;
and the evacuation of the faeces, urine, <tc., is
cIVeetcd.
Nisi'S, Effort — n. Formativus, Plastic force.
Nisi's P.vitTuniENTiUM. The efforts or forcing
duriii<; parturition.
NITEDULA, Cicindcla.
MTUN, MINERAL WATERS OF. These
springs in the Isle of Wight contain iron, and
sul|iii:ite of alumina and potassa.
NITIIAS, Nitrate — n. Ilydrargyricus, see
Ilydrargyri nitras — n. Hydrargyrosus, Ilydrar-
gyri nitras — n. Kalicus, Potasste nitras — n. Lix-
iviie, Potassoo nitras — n. Natricum, Soda, nitrate
of — n. Plumbicus, Plumbi nitras — n. Potussaj
cum suiphure fusus, Potassae nitras fusus sul-
pliatis paucillo mixtus — n. Sub-bismuthicum,
Bisriuitli. sub-nitrate of.
N'l'TIlATE, Nitras, Az'otctte. A salt, formed
of 11 b:ise and nitric acid. Several nitrates are
employed in medicine.
MTRATE ACIDE DE MERCURE, see
Ilydrar^yri nitras — )i. d' Animoniaqne, Ammonise
nitras — n. d' Anjcnt, Argenti nitras — n. Mercureux,
llydrar^iyri nitras.
NITRE, Potassae nitras — n. Cubic, Soda, ni-
trate iif.
NITRIC, Ni'tn'citn. (F.) Nitn'qite, from nitriun,
'nitre.' Ajipertaining or relating to nitre.
NlTiuc AcU). Acidiini ni'triciim sou azo'ti'ciim
seu ncp'ticiiin seu nitri, Aqua fortis, Nitrous acid,
Splr'ilin tiitri duplex sen nitri fuiuans seu nitri
Glaube'ri seu nitri ac"idiis, Azot'io acid, Dephlo-
gist'icaled nitrous acid, Oxysepton'ic acid, (F. )
Avide nitrique ou azotique. Nitric acid is <ib-
tained from nitre — Nitrate of potassn. Its odour
is sutTooating; taste very acid and caustic. It is
piirrosive. linuid, colourless, and transparent.
s. g. I -oon.
Strcjng nitric acid is rarely used except as an
aiiplication to foul, indolent ulcers, or to warts.
When given internally, it is in the form of the
AnniTM ni'tiucum dilu'tum, Spir'itus nitri sim-
plex seu nitri vnhja'ris — Diluted nitric acid,
which, in the Pharmacopoeia of the United States,
consists of nitric acid, f^i, water, f.^ix by mea-
sure. Diluted largely with water, it is used, as a
drink in fevers of the typhoid kind ; in chronic
affections of the liver, syphilis, &c. ; but in the
latter affections, it is not to be depen<led upon.
NITROdEN, from fir/jov, ' nitre,' and ycwaa),
'I senerato.' Azote.
Ni'tkookx, Ga'skous Oxidk of, Nitrous oxide,
Priitox'iile of nitroi/en or of azote. Paradise, Iti-
toxicatinij or Lan//hiur/ qas, Dtphloijis'ticated ni-
trous i/as, Gas azol'icnin f>.vi/<iena'tuin. This gas,
when respired, produce* singular effects: great
mental and corporeal excitement ; and, generally,
so Muich exhilaration as to render the appellation,
"liiui/lilDt/ i/as" by no means inappropriate. It
has not iieen much used in medicine, although
reeiunmended in paralysis. Its effects are too
violent and too transient to render it a valuable
remedial a^eut; and, Iq the delicate, it has been
productive of unpleasant effects, inducing palpi-
tation, fainting, and convulsions.
NiTROGE.v, Protoxide of. Nitrogen, gaseous
oxide of.
NITROGENE, Azote.
NITROGENIUM, Azote.
NI'TKOGENIZED, A'zoted, A'zotized, (F.)
Azote. Containing nitrogen or azote: — as a wi-
troqenized, azoted, or azotized aliment.
NITRO-MURIAT'IC ACID, Ac"idum nitro-
muriat' icum seu luurinticum nitro'so-oxi/f/eua'tuti.,
ilens'truum auri, Nilro-lnjdrocldor'ic or Ihjdrn-
chloro-nitric acid. Aqua rtijia seu stytyia seu rc(jis
Chrysaha, (F.) Euu r^y<de. A mixture of tie
nitric and muriatic acids, has been used in dis-
eases of the liver, in the form of a bath for the
feet and legs, made sharply acidulous. It ha^,
also, been employed, and with more uniform re-
sults, in cutaneous affections. Whatever advai;-
tage it may posses in internal diseases- — and these
advantages are doubtful — they are probably de-
pendent upon the chlorine formed by the mixture,
or upon the properties possessed by the mineral
acids in general. See Chlorine.
The Acidiim nitro-mnriattrum of the Pharma-
copoeia of the United States is formed by mixing
four fluidounces of nitric acid with eight of
muriatic acid.
NITROUS OXIDE, Nitrogen, gaseous oxide of.
NITRUM, Natron, Potassae nitras — n. Anti-
quorum, Soda — n. Cubicum, Soda, nitrate of —
n. Factitium, Boiax — n. Flammans, Animoni;o
nitras — n. Lunarc, Argenti nitras — n. Prismati-
cum, Potassae nitras — n. Rhomboidale, S-oda.
nitrate of — n. Saturninum, Plumbi nitras — n. Vi-
triolatum Schroederi, Potassae sulphas — n. Tabn-
latum, Potassae nitras fusus sulphatis paucillo
mixtus — n. Vitriolatum, Potassae sulphas.
NIX, Snow — n. Fumans, Calx viva — n. Zinci,
Zinci oxydum.
NIX US, Nisus — n. Parturientium, Nisus par-
turientium.
NOAirS ARK, Cypripcdium luteum.
. NOBLE, Noh'ilis. Principal, Essential.
NoBLK Pauts, Partes essentia'les. Some ana-
tomists have given this name to parts, without
which life cannot exist; such as the heart, liver,
lungs, brain, &c. The organs of generation have,
likewise, been so called.
NOCAR, i/u)icup, Toriior Soporif'icus. Lethargic
torpor.
NOCTAMBULATIO, Somnambulism.
NOCTAMBULISMUS, Somnambulism.
NOCTAMBULUS, Somnambulist.
NOCTISURGIUM. Somnambulism.
NOCTUI'NI OC'ULL Gray or blue eyes.—
Castelli.
NOCTURNA BELLA, Coitus.
NOCTUR'NAL, Noctur'nus, Ni/cter'inns, from
no.r, noctis, 'night.' Relating to night, as Febris
noctur'na seu nycter'ina. A fever occurring in
the night.
NODDING, Annuitio, Nntatio,
NODDLEPOX, Syphilomania.
NODE, Nodus, Einphy'mn exosto sis perios'ten,
(F.) Nodosite, Na;ud; from Ilebr. TJ. 'a heap.'
A hard concretion or incrustation, which forn.s
around joints attacked with rheumatism or gour.
Some include, under this name, exostoses, arti-
cular calculi, ganglions, and even the chron-c
swellings of the joints known under the name
of white swellings.
NODES, Edentulus.
NODI DIGITORUM MANUS, Phalanges of
the fingers — n. Lactea, Infarctus mammae lactens
— n. Nervorum. Ganglions, nervous — n, Ilajmor-
rhoidales, see Ilamorrhois.
NODOI, Nefrendes.
NODOSIA, see Nefrendes.
NO DO SIT Pj
G3 6
NUSOGENIA
NOnOSfT^, Node.
NOD'ULI ARAN'Tir, Noduli 3ror(,ngn'!!,
Cor'pora Aran'tii. The small sesamoid bodies
situate on the periphery of the semilunar valves
of the aorta and pulmonary artery for the better
ocelusion of the artery.
No])iTLi MoitGAGNii, Noduli Arantii — n. Ner-
vorum. Ganslions, nervous.
NOD'ULUS, diminutive of nochis, 'a knot.' A
smiill knot A small prominence or lobule in the
])ortion of the cerebellum, which forms the poste-
rior boundary of the fourth ventricle. The
nodulus is on the median line, and before the
uvula. See Vermiform process, inferior.
NODULUS UTERINUS, Pessary.
NODUS, Articulation, Edentulus, Encystis,
Ilamma — -u. Cerebri, Pons Varolii — n. Chirurgi-
cus, Knot, surgeon's — n. Encephali, Nvetid de
I'Encephale, Pons Varolii — -n. Hystericus, Angone
— n. Vitoe, Centrum vitale.
NOESIS, Intellect.
N(EUD, Node — n. dn Clurtirgien, Knot, sur-
geon's— )i. d'EinbdUeur, Knot, Jiacker's.
NCEUD DE L'ENCEPHALE (F.), Nodus
Eiiceph'ali. M. Cruveilhier, under this name,
includes the pons Varolii, peduncles of the cere-
brum and cerebellum, and the tubercula quadri-
geraina.
NCEUD VITAL, Centrum vitale.
NCEUDS, Ciilculi, arthritic.
NOIR ANIMAL, Carbo animalis — ji. d'Os,
Carho animalis.
NOISETIER, Corylus avellana.
NOISETTE, Corylus avellana (nut).
A'^OLY, Juglans regia (nux) — n. AmMcnine,
Jatropha curcas — n. den Barhades, Jatropha cur-
e-as— )(. Cnthartiqiie, Jatropha curcas — n. d'Eau,
Trapa natans — n. de Oalle, see Quercus infectoria
— n. d'Igasiir, Ignatia amara — n. de Serpent, see
Thevetia Ahouai — ii. Vomiqite, see Strychnos
nux vomica.
NOLA CULINARIA, Anemone Pulsatilla.
NOLI ME TANGERE, Lupus, see Chancreux
[Bonln,,.)
NOMA, Cancer aquaticus — n. Pudendorum,
Colpocace infantilis.
NOMAD, Nomnde, Nomas, (vofim;, vo/iaSo;,)
from voiit), 'pasturage.' An epithet given to people
who have no fixed habitation, and who travel,
with their flocks, from country to country, for
pasturage. Such are the Tartars. By analogy,
the word Nomad' ic has been applied to a spreading
ulcer.
NOMBRIL, Umbilicus — n. de Venus, Cotyle-
don umbilicus.
NOMK. Cancer aquaticus. Phagedenic ulcer.
NO'MEXCLATURE, Nomencln'tio, Nomen-
clritn'ra, Onomntnlorj" in, Onomatoele'sis, Termon-
id'of/y, Termhiol'o'iy, Glnssol'ogy, Orismol'ogy,
from ovona, ' name,' and koKcii), ' I call.' A col-
1 'ction of terras or words peculiar to a science or
,Trt. In all sciences, nomenclature is an object
of importance; and each term should convey to
the student a definite meaning. The Lavoisier-
i in nomenclature was a valuable gift to che-
mistry ; and anatomy has derived advantage from
the labours of Barclay, Dumas, and Chaussier,
who have given names to parts indicative of their
situation. See Muscle. The nomenclature of
pithology has required the greatest attention;
and although repeated attempts have been made
to improve it, the barbarous terms that disgrace
if are still frequently adopted. It consists of
Hebrew and Arabic terms ; Greek and Latin,
French, Italian, Spanish, German, English, and
even Indian, African, and Mexican ; often bar-
barously and illegitimately compounded. A want
of principle in founding the technical terms of
medicine is every where observable. They have
been formed: — \. From colour; as Milcriia
Melits, Atrobills, Leuce, Alpltos, Chloroiiin, Uu.
heula, Scarlatina, Purpura, &c. 2. From dura-
tion ; as eiilieinerul, quotidian, tertian, and i/uar-
tan, continued, and intermittent, Ac. .'{. From
Birds, Beasts, Fishes, Insects, and Plants; as
Rabies caulua, Cynanclie, Bouiimia, Pica, Hip.
popi/on, Elepha)itiasis, Urticaria, Lichen, AA-
thi/o'sis, Ac. 4. From Persons or Places : as
Morbus Ilercnleus, Fades Ilipixteratlea, Lepra
Arabnni, Plica Polonica, Sudor Anglieus, Morbut
Gallicus, Ignis Saneti Antouii, Chorea Siincti
Viti, Ac.
NOMUS, Cancer aquaticus.
NON-COMPOS, Lunatic.
NoN-CoMi'os Mkntis, Lunatic.
NON-NAT'URALS, Non vatura'lia. Under
this term the ancient physicians comprehended
air, meat, and drink, sleep and watching, motion
and rest, the retentions and excretions, and the
affections of the niiiid. They were so called, be-
cause they affect man without entering into his
composition, or constituting his nature; but yet
are so necessarv that he cannot live without them.
NONPLACENTAL, see Placental.
NON-SANE, Insane.
NON-STRIATED MUSCULAR FIBRE, see
Muscular fibre.
NON US HUMERI PLACENTINI, Teres
minor — n. LinguEE musculus, Genio-glossus — n.
Vesalii, Peronwus tertius.
NCOS, Intellect.
NORICE, Nurse.
NORMA VERTICALIS, see Normal.
NORMAL, Norma'lis, from norma, 'a perpen-
dicular,' 'a rule.' According to rule; perpen-
dicular.
The normal line, norma vertica'lis, of Bhinien-
bach, is a vertical line let fall from the promi-
nence of the frontal bone and shaving the supe-
rior maxillary, so as to mark the projection of
the latter bone beyond the arch of the forehead.
NORRIS'S DROPS, see Antimonium tartari-
zatum.
NORTH CAROLI'NA, MINERAL WATERS
OP. The chief springs are the Warm and Hot
Spriugs of Buiicomhe. Temperatures varying
from 94°'to 104° Fahr. They have not much
mineral impregnation, and have the properties
of the thermal waters in general.
NORTON'S DROPS, Liquor hydrargyri osy-
muriatis.
NORYSS, Nurse.
NOSACERUS, Sickly.
NOSE, Nasus — n. Bleed, Epistaxis.
Nose, Rhnning at thb, Coryza.
NOSELI'A, voar/Xtta, Nosocowe'sis, Nosocomi'a,
from vofff);, ' disease.' Care of the sick.
NOSEMA, Disease.
NOSENCEPH'ALUS, (F.) Nosencephale, from
voaoi, 'disease,' and {yxf^aAos, 'brain.' A mon-
ster whose skull is open only on the frontal and
parietal regions, the posterior fontanelle being
distinctlv present.
NOSEROS, Insalubrious, Sick.
NOSEUMA. Disease.
NOSOCOMESIS, Noselia.
NOSOCOMIA, Noselia.
NOSOCO'MIAL, Nosncomia'lis, from voeoKo-
lictov, (voaos, 'a disease,' and Ko/jicta, 'I take care
of,') '.an hospital.' Relating to an hospital, — as
'nosocomial or hospital fever.'
NOSOCOMIUM, HospitaL
NOSOCOMUS, Inftrmier.
NOSOCRATIC, Specific.
NOSODES, Insalubrious, Sick, Sickly.
NOSODOCHIUM, Hospital.
NOSOGENESIS, Pathogeny
NOSOGENIA, Pathogeny.
NOSOGEXy
6.^7
NOW
NOSOnEXY, Pathogeny.
K0SO(JE0(JHAPJIV, Geography, medicnl.
NOSOG'KAPilY, Niisotjra/ih'ifi, from voao^, 'a
disease,' and ypaipu), ' I describe.' A description
of discuses.
NOSOL'OGY, Noiio1og"ia, from voooi, 'a dis-
ease,' and \oyoi, ' a. discourse.' A name given to that
part of medicine whose object is the classification
of diseases. The most celebrated nosological
pystetns have been those of Sauvages (1763), Lin-
iia<u9 (170:'.). V^)gel (I7Gi), Sugar (1776), Mac-
brido (1772), Cullen (1772), Darwin (1796), Selle,
Crichtun (1801), Parr (1809), Swediaur (1812),
Pinel (18115), Young (1813), Good (1817), Hosack
(1818), <fec. Besides these general nosographies,
others have been published on Snr<jery exclu-
sively, none of which are particularly worthy of
enumeration amongst nosological systems. No-
sologiciil arrangements have, also, been formed
of single families or groups of diseases. Plenck,
of B.'iden, is the author of two different treatises
of this kind: the one, a methodical arrangement
of the diseases of the eyes, and the other, of cu-
taneous diseases. Dr. Willan published an ar-
rangement of cutaneous diseases, which was com-
jiletcd by Dr. Bateman, and adopted into the
Nosology of Dr. llosack. Mr. Abernethy, also,
published a methodical classification of tumours,
and many other partial nosological classifications
might be enumerated. Also, Pathology.
NOSOX'OMY, Nosonom'ia, from vuaoi, 'a dis-
ease,' and ovojxa, 'name.' The nomenclature of
diseases.
NOSOPII'YTA, from vaao^, ' disease,' and fvTov,
'a plant.' A disease supposed to be produced by,
or to consist in the development of parasitic
plants — lis porrigo, mentagra, <te. — Gruby.
NOSOPCB'US, Noxnpnet' icn«, from voaoq, 'dis-
ease,' and nouui, ' I make.' That which causes
disease.
NOSOS, Disease.
NOSOTAX'Y, NoHotnx'in, from voao^, 'a dis-
ease,' and rufif, 'arrangement.' The distribution
and classification of diseases.
NOSOTIIEO'RIA, from vo<rof, 'disease,' and
Stupia, 'doctrine.' The doctrine or theory of
disease.
NOSTAL'GIA, from voaroi, 'return,' * a jour-
ney home,' and nXyos, 'pain.' NosUmia'nia, Noa-
Iras'sia, Apodemial'gin, Pathopntridid'yia, Pitto-
patridal'yia, Philopatr!d<d'(/ia, Philopntn'domn'-
iitVi, Adcmon'ia, Adenion'1/iie, Iloiiie-sicknens, (F.)
iVostoli/ie, Midiidie dii poijs. An affection pro-
duced by the desire of returning to one's country.
It is commonly attended by slow wasting, and
sometimes by hectic, which may speedily induce
death. M. Pinel properly regards it as a variety
of uiclancholy.
NOSTO.MANIA, Nostalgia.
NOSTRASSIA, Nostalgia.
NOSTRILS, Nares.
NOSTRU.VI, Arcanum.
Nostrum, Chittick's. An empirical remedy
for stone in the bladder, said to be a solution of
alkali in veal-broth.
NOTA MATERNA, Nrevus — n. Primitiva,
Groove, primitive.
NOT.E INFANTUM, Ntevi.
NOTAL, Dorsal.
NOTAL'GIA, NotinVgSa, {Xontnlgia, impro-
perly, of Kiichlin and others.) from curoj, 'the
back,' and aAyof, 'pain.' Paiu in the back. Spinal
irritation.
XOTANEXCEPHALIA, see Notencephalus.
NOTCH, Tcut. No eke, Ital. Xovchh, Emar-
glna'lin, Einarginatn'ra, (F.) Echancriire. A
depression or indentation of different shape and
size, observed on the circumference or edges of
certain bones.
Notch of the Concha, Incisura tragica.
Notch, Ethmoid'al, (F.) Echancrure ethnwi-
dide, is situate on the frontal bone, and joins the
ethmoid.
_ Notches, Ischiat'ic, (F.) Echancmres hdiia-
tiqnei, are two in number: — the greater and the
leas. The /orwee is large, situate at the inferior
part of the pelvis, and formed by the sacrum and
ilium. It gives passage to the sciatic nerve, py-
ramidalis muscle, and to the superior gluteal ves-
sels and nerves. The latter is much smaller than
the other, from which it is separated by the sciatic
spine. It gives passage to the tendon of the ob-
turator internus, and to the internal pudic vessels
and nerves.
Notch, Parot'id, (F.) jSchancmre paroli'di-
enne, is the triangular space comprised between
the parotid edge of the inferior maxillary bone
and the mastoid process; so called, because it
lodges the parotid gland. The notches in soft
parts are generally called Fissures.
Notch, Scap'ular, Incisu'ra scnpula'n'a, Lu'-
nnla scnp'ula, (F.) Erhiiiicnire sca],uhn'r3. The
notch on the superior edge or casta of the scapula,
which is converted into a foramen by means of a
ligament, and gives passage to the suprascapular
nerve.
Notch, Semilunar of the Sternum, Four-
chette.
NOTENCEPIIALIA, see Notencephalus.
NOTENCEPH'ALUS, from vcum, 'the back,'
and lyKKpaXog, ' the head.' A monster whose
head, with the brain, is on the back. The con-
dition is termed Nuteneejiha'lia and Nutunen-
cephii'lia. — I. G. St. Ililiare.
NOTIIEUSIS, Degeneration.
NOTIIIA, Degeneration.
NOTII ROTES, Torpor.
NOTHUS, False.
NOTIiEUS, Dorsal — n. Myelus, Medulla spi-
nalis.
NOTIALGIA, Notalgia.
NOTOM'ELES, from vwrof, 'the back,' and
ixekio^, 'unprofitable.' A monster with super-
fluous flesh on the back.
NOTOMYELITIS, Myelitis.
NOTOMYELUS, Medulla spinalis.
NOTON, Dorsum.
NOTOS, Dorsum, Vertebral column
NOUAGE BE LA CORNEE, Caligo.
NOUE, (Baudnge) (F.); 'knotted,' from nodua,
'a knot.' A bandage which has a considerable
number of knots placed over each other. It is
made with a roller, 6 or 7 ells long, rolled into
two balls, and is used to compress the parotid
region, after the extirpation of the parotid gland.
Also, an epithet applied to children in whom
the disease of rickets has swollen the articula-
tions.
It is, likewise, applied to the gout when it has
caused nodes on the joints.
NOUET (F.), Nod' ulna. A bag filled with
medicinal substances, and infused in a liquid to
communicate their properties to it.
NOUFFER'S, MADAME, REMEDY, Poly-
podium filix mas.
NOURRICE, Nurse.
NOURRrCfER, Nutritious.
NOURRFTURE, Aliment.
NOUS, Intellect.
NOV U RE, Rachitis.
NOUVEAU-NE (F.), ('new-born.') Neonn'-
tiia, nuperriml Ndtiia, Neog'eiiea, Neog'ilea, A'eog'-
diia, Neng'onns, Neog'nus, Iiifans receiia nntiia.
That which has been just born. A new-born
infant.
NOVACULA, Razor.
NOW, Vertex.
NOVA U
r,3 8
NUTRITIOUS
XO YA U, see Cytoblast.
XOYAU CENTRAL DES PEDONCULES
VU CERVELET, Corpus dentatum.
NO YER, Juglans regia — n. de Cejlon, Adha-
t<>da.
NOYRIS, Nurse.
NUAGE, Nebula.
NUBECULA, EntEorema, Nebula.
NUBES, Enaeorema, Nebula.
NU'BILE, Ni('bilis, 'marriageable,' 'fit to
marry.' Generally, the period of ])uberty is con-
sidered to be the age at which lioth sexes are
viiliile. They are truly nubile, however, only
when they are fitted to procreate healthy and
vigorous children, and are competent to discharge
their duties as parents.
NUBIL'ITY, NnbU'itas, (F.) NnhlUte ; same
etymon. The state of being nubile or marriage-
able.
NUBILOSUS, Nepheloid.
NUCES AQUATICS, see Trapa natans— n.
Quercfls, see Querous alba.
NUCHA, Jn'iuvi, Nucha c(tp'itis,{¥.) Nuqiie.
The nuke, hinder part or nape of the neck,
(Prov.) Niddick. The part where the spinal
marrow begins.
Lifjamen'tum Nucha. A strong ligament from
the neck, proceeding from one spinous process to
another, and inserted into the occipital bone. It
is very strong in quadrupeds. It is called in
them Paxywaxy, Paxwux, Pachwax, formerly,
Faxwax, and Tuxunx.
NUCHAL RE'GION, Jte'gio nucha seu nn-
cha'lis seu occipita'iis iiife'riur, from nucha. The
region of the nucha or nape of the neck.
NUCISTA, see Myristica moschata.
NUCK, CANAL OF. A small prolongation
of the peritoneum often sent into the inguinal
canal of the female foetus. So called from Nuck,
who first described it.
NU'CLEATED, Nucha'tus, from nucleus, 'a
kernel.' Having a nucleus or central particle.
Applied to the elementary cells of organized tis-
sues ; the vital jiroperties of which are seated in
tJie nucleus. See Cytoblast.
NUCLEATED CELL, see Cytoblast.
NUCLEI CExMBRiE, see Pinus Cembra — n.
Ossei, Ossification, points of — n. Pineae, see Pinus
pinea.
NUCLEIN, see Globules of the blood.
NUCLEOLE, see Cytoblast.
NUCLEOLULE, see Cytoblast,
NUCLEOLUS, see Cytoblast.
NUCLEUS, see Cytoblast— n. Blastodermatis,
Tache embri/nnnaire—n. Centralis, Corpus denta-
tum— n. Cicatrioula;, Tache emiiryoniiaire — n.
Dentatus, Corpus dentatum — n. Dentis, Dental
jiulp — n. Encased, Cytoblast — n. Fimbriatus,
Corpus dentatum — ^n. Furunculi, see Furunculus
— n. Germinal, see Molecule — n. Germinativus,
see Molecule — n. Olivaj, Corpus dentatum — n.
Ossificationis, Ossification, point of — n. Rhom-
boidalis. see Corpus der»tatuin.
NUCULA TERRESTRIS, Bunium bulbocas-
tanum.
NUKE, Nucha.
NULE-KNEED. Entogonyancon.
NUMERICAL METHOD, see Method, nume-
rical.
NUM'MULAR, Nummula'ris. Relating to
money, from nummuK, 'money.' An epithet ap-
plied to the sputa in phthisis, when they flatten
at the bottom of the vessel, like a piece of money,
and to the mode of aggre;ration of the red cor-
puscles of the blood — ' uuuniiii/dr rolls.'
NUMMULARIA, Lysimachia nummularia.
NUMPOST, Abscess.
NUPIIAR AD'VEN'A, Nymphte'a ad'venn,
Yellow Fund Lily, Spatterdock. Order, Nym-
pheaceac ; indigenous in Canada and the United
States. The root is a popular tonic, and the
fresh root bruised is applied as a cataplasm.
NuPHAR LuTKUM, Nymphsea lutca.
NUQUE, Nucha.
NURICE, Nurse.
NURSE, Sax. nopice, Niiti-ix, (from nnwhh,
itself from nutrire,) Tithe'ne, Ti-cphou'eu, Luc-
tans, Lac'ticaus, Nu'triens, Thelas'tria, Mtinimn,
(I.) Nutrt'ce, (F.) Nourn'ce, (Sc.) Nnyris, Noryss,
Nun'ce, Norice. One who suckles hor own cliild
or another's. Also, one that has the cure of a
sick person. Care-taker, (F.) (undv-nwlude.
NiiHSK, Dry. One who gives every care to a
child, but does not suckle it.
NuKSn, Monthly. One who attends a woman
during the month of her parturient state.
NiiKSE, Wet, (Sc.) Milkwoman. A feninle,
who suckles the child of another.
To 'nurse artificially,' is to bring up a child by
the hand.
NUS, Intellect.
NUSUS, Disease.
NUT, BRAZILIAN, see Pichurim beans — n.
Butter, Juglans cinerea — n. Ceuibros, see Pinus
cembra — n. Clearing, Strychnos potatoruni — n.
French, Juglans regia — n. Para, sec Pichurim
beans — n.. Physic, Jatropha curcas — n. Pine, sco
Pinus picea — n. Pistachio, see Pistacia vera— n.
Poison, see Strychnos nux vomica — n. Purging,
see Jatro])ha and Croton tiglium — n. Rattle, Ne-
lumbium luteum — n. Sassafras, see Pichurim
beans — n. Soap, see Sapindus saponaria.
Nut Thke, Malabah, Adhatoda.
Nut, Vomic, see Strychnos nux vomica-^ n.
Zirbel, see Pinus picea.
NUTA'TION. Nuta'tin, from nvtare, niitntum,
'to nod.' Nodding. Also, a constant oscillation
of the head, by which it moves involuntarily in
one or more directions.
NUTATOR CAPITIS, Sterno-cleido-mastoi-
deus.
NUTMEG, see Myristica moschata — n. Butter,
see Myristica — n. Flower, Nigella — n. Liver,
Liver, nutmeg.
NUTMEGS. Testes.
NUTRICATIO, Nutrition.
NUTRTCIER, Nutritious.
NUTRICIUS, Nutritious.
NUTRIENS. Aliment, Nurse.
NUTRIMEN. Aliment.
NUTRIMEN'TAL, Nutrimenfn'lia, Alimenl'nl,
Alimcn'tary, Alimentd'lis, (F.) Alimeuleujr, from
nutrimen, 'aliment.' Having the qualities of fuod
or nutriment.
NUTRIMENTUM, Aliment, Pabulum.
NUTRIT"ION, Nutrit"io, Nutrica'tio, Nutri'-
tus, Alitu'ra, Threpsis, from nutrire, nutritnm,
'to nourish.' Nutrition is that function by which
the nutritive matter already elaborated by the
various organic actions, loses its own nature, and
assumes that of the different living tissues, — ta
repair their losses and maintain their strength.
Sometimes the word is used in a more extended
signification, to express the whole scries of ac-
tions by which the two constant movements of
composition, and decomposition are accomplished,
in organized bodies. Nutrition, then, would com-
prehend digestion, absorption, respiration, circu-
lation, and assimilation ; the latter being nutri-
tion, properly so called, and being effected in
the intermediate .system over the whole of the
body, — the cells of the tissues attracting from
the blood the elements necessary for their repa-
ration.
Nutrition, Force of, Plastic force.
NUTRIT"IOUS, Nutric"ius, Nu'tritive, Alili'-
ilia, Trophi'mos, Trnpho'des, (¥.) Nourricier, N>i-
tricier, Alihile. Same etymon. Having the
i>r
~^^/hyC'
NUTRITIVE
639
NYMPIIOTOMY
quality of nourishing: as nutritious food, nutri-
tious lymph, <fec.
NUTKITIOUS or Nu'TKITIVE AllTKRIES, (F.) Ar-
Xlren iiutriciereH. Arterial branches which enter
the foramina nntricia of long bones, and pene-
trate to the medullary membrane.
NU'TRITIVE, Nutritious, (¥.) Nxdritif. Also,
relating to nutrition : hence the 'nutritive func-
tions,' or those that are concerned in nutrition.
" NUTRITUS, Aliment, Nutrition-
NUTKIX, Mamma, Nurse.
NUTS, WATKR, Nelumbinm luteum.
NUX AROMATICA, see Myristica inoschata
— n. Avellana, Corylus avellana (nut) — n. Barba-
densis, Jatropha curcas— n. Becuiba, Ibicuiba —
n. Cathartiea Americana, Jatropha curcas — n.
UalliB, see Quercus cerris — n. Jughins, Juglans
regia — n. Medica, Coco of the Maldives — n. Me-
tella, Strychnos nux vomica — n. Methel, Datura
stramonium — n. Moschata, see Myristica mos-
cliata — n. Myristica, see Myristica moschata — n.
Pistacia, see Pistacia vera — n. Unguentaria, see
Myristica moschata — n. Vomica, Strychnos nux
vomica.
NYCTALOPB, see Nyctalopia.
NYCTALOPEX, see Nyctalopia.
NYCTALO'PIA, from vuf, vvKTog, 'night,' and
oiToftat, 'I see;' Parop'nis Luci/'iign, Nj/ctalopi'-
onia, Cm'citdS diiir'nci, Vintie noctur'nns, Oxyo'pia,
Jleineralo'pia (moderns), Ainhbjo'pia meridia'na,
Jfeiiieralyjjhlo'nis, Henterotyjihlo'nis, Photophoh'ia,
Phutophobiiphthal' inia, DijHo'pia lu'miriin, Visus
a'crior, Ni/c'tidupy, DayhlindncKS, Diur'nal
ainnnro'sis, (F.) V'we nocturne, Aveuylcment de
Jour. The faculty of seeing during the night,
with privation of the faculty during the day. It
affects both eyes at once, when idiopathic. Its
duration is uncertain, and treatment very obscure.
It is, however, a disease of nervous irritability,
and one of excitement of the visual nerve in par-
ticular. The indications of cure will consequently
be — to allay direct irritation in every way : to
excite counter-irritation by blisters; and to gra-
dually accustom the eye to the impression of
light.
One labouring under this affection is called a
Nyc'talope, Nyc'talnps, yyvlitlo' pex.
Nyctalnpiii has also been used for night blind-
ness. See Ilemeralopia.
NYCTALOPS, sec Nyctalopia.
NYCTALOPY, Nyctalopia.
NYCTERINIIS, Nocturnal.
NYCTIIEMERON. see Dies.
NYCTIIE'MERUM, from vvl vvktos, 'night,'
and 'rj/Jicpa, 'day.' The space of 24 hours, or of
a day and night. Certain complaints continue
ouly so long.
NYCTOISADIA, Somnambulism.
NYCTOBASrS. Somnambulism.
NYCTOBATESIS, Somnambulism.
NYCTOBATIA, Somnambulism.
NYCTOTYPIILOSIS, Ilemeralopia.
XYGMA, Wound, punctured.
NYGMATICUM EMPLASTRUM, Eraplas-
truni resinse.
NYMPIIA, Clitoris.
NYMPIIi^E, from vv^aiiti, 'a water nymph.'
Alts niiuo'rca sen iiiler'iice iiiino'ren clitor'idin seu
Widie'bres mino'rei, Cnrun'ciilfS culicula'res. Cris-
ta; clilor'idis, Cidlic'uU vnyi'iiCB, Jfyrtochi'/n,
Jfyrlovhei'liden, Ldbin miiio'ra seu iiiter'tia seu
puden'di miiio'ra, (F.) Nymphes, Petiten levren.
Two membranous folds, wliich arise from the
hiteral parts of the prepuce of the clitoris, and
descend on the inner surfiico of the labia mnJDru;
ti'rmiiiating, by becoming gradually thinner,
nliout tlie middle of the circumference of the ori-
fice of llie vagina. They are formed each of two
folds of the mucous membrane of the vuiva; and
y '
contain, in their substance, a thin layer of spongy,
erectile tissue. Their use seems to be, — not, as
was once supposed, to direct the course of the
urine, which notion gave rise to their name, but
to favour the elongation and dilatation of the
vagina in pregnancy and labour.
The word vvmf}rj, A'ymplie, has also been used
s}'nonymously with clitoris by Oribasius, Aetius,
NYMPH^A ADVENA, Nuphar advena.
Nymi'H^'a Alba, LeuconymphoB'a, A'enu'phar,
Jficro/eucoiiymphcB'o, Cdnta'lla specin'na, White
Water Lily, (Sc.) Cumhie-leaf, (F.) Nenuphar ou
Neiiufar hUinc, Lis des etanys, Lune ou Volant
d'Eau. Nat. Ord. Ranunculaceae. Sex. Syxt.
Polyandria Monogynia. Formerly employed as
a demulcent, antaphrodisiac, emollient, and
slightly anodyne remedy.
Nymph^ea Indiua, N. nelumbo — n. Major
lutea, N. lutea.
NymphjEA Ltj'tea, N. major lutea seu umhili-
ca'lis, Nuphar lu'teum, Neuu'jihar lute.a, Nypho-
Zdiithns vulga'ris, Yelloio ^Vater Lily, (Sc.) Cam-
hie-leof, (F.) Nenupjhar jauue. Used for the
same purposes as Nymphcz'a alba. The flowers
are called in Norfolk, England, Brandy bottles.
Nymph^A Nei.um'bo, N. In'dica, Faha uEyyp-
tiaca, Cy'anus ^(jyptiacus, Pontic or ^yyptiuii
Bean. The fruit (jf this is eaten raw in Egypt
and some of the neighbouring countries; and is
considered to be tonic and astringent.
NympHjE'a Opoha'ta, Sweet-scented Water
lyily, Sweet water or White pond or 7'oarf Lily,
Cow or Water Cabhaye, (F.) Nenuj/har odorant.
An indigenous plant, growing in most parts of
the United States in fresh water ponds, and on
the borders of streams, and having large white,
beautiful, sweet-scented flowers. Tlie root is
very astringent and bitter. It is sometimes made
into a poultice and used as a discutient.
NvMPH^iA Umbilicalis, N. lutea.
NYMPIIE, Clitoris.
NYMPHES. Nyniphas.
NYMPIII'TIS ; from vvfKprj, 'the clitoris,' and
itis, denoting inflammation. Epiderrhi'tis, In-
Jiannna'tio Clitor'idis. Inflammation of the
clitoris.
NYMPHOCLUIA, Nymphomania.
NYMPIIOMA'NIA, from vt/j^;;. 'a bride,' and
jiavta, 'fury;' Furor iilcri'nus, i'teromu'nia, Lag-
iie'sis furor /eiiiini'nus, 3Ietronia'nia, yEdoeogar'-
galus, jEdoeogaryaris' mus, Thelygon'ia, Erotonia'-
iiia, yEdaina' nia, Aidoioiiia'nia, Jfelancho'lia ute-
ri'na, Nyiiiphocln'ia, Synipto'ina turpitu'dinis,
Andromu'nia, Gyno'coma' uia, Jfachlos'yne, Ente-
lipathi'a, Teiiti'yo vene'rea, Hysteroma'nia, Sa-
larj'itas vulvcB, I'teri pruri'tus, Brachu'na, Aras'-
con, Arsa'tum, (Estroinn'nia, (F.) Nyniphomanie,
Fureur uterine. An irresistible and insatiable
desire, in females, for the venereal act. It occurs
in those particularly, who possess a nervous tem-
perament, and vivid imagination, especially if
excited by improper language, masturbation, <fec.
Its course, as described, is as follows. In the
commencement, the sutTerer is a prey to perpetual
contests between feelings of modesty and im])etu-
ous desires. At an after period, she abandons
herself to the latter, seeking no longer to restrain
them. In the last stage the obscenity is disgust-
ing ; and the ment^il alienation, for such it is,
becomes complete. The treatment consists in the
use of the same means as arc required in the sa-
tyriasis of man. When the mental alienation is
comph'te, solitude is indispensable.
NYMPIIOX'CUS. from vd/jV"?. "tlie nympha,'
and oyKoi, 'a tumour.' A moruid tumefaction of
the nymphte.
NYMPHOT'OMY, Nymphotom'ia, Nympha'-
rum Sec'tio, (F.) Ni/mphuiomie, from wfiipri, and
NYPIIOZANTHUS VULGARIS 640
OBLIQUE
Ttftvetv, 'to cut.' An operation, known and prac-
tised for a long time, which consists in the exci-
sion of the nyinphaB. The operation is had re-
course to, when they are attacked with scirrhus,
cancer, fungus, or gangrene ; or when they are
so large as to interfere with walking or coition.
Njjrii]ih()tomy is the circumcision of the female.
It is practised in some countries.
Some authors have used the term Nijmpliotomy
for amputation of the clitoris.
NYPHOZANTllUS VULGARIS, Nymphsea
lutea.
NySTAG'MUS. A partial rotatory movement
of the eyeball from side to side. Also, Coma
vigil.
NYXIS, Puncture.
0.
OAK, BLACK, Quercus tinctoria — o. Common,
Quercus robur — o. Jerusalem, Chenopodium
botrys.
Oak Lungs, Lichen pulmonarius.
Oak Orchard Acid Spuings. These springs
— eight in number — are in Genesee county. New
York, eight miles from Lockport. They are acid
salines, consisting of free sulphuric acid, sulphate
of protoxide of iron, and sulphates of alumina,
magnesia and lime. They are powerfully astrin-
gent and tonic.
Oak, Poison, Rhus toxicodendron — o. Red,
Quercus rubra montana — o. Sea, Fucus vesiculo-
sus — o. Spanish, Quercus rubra montana — o.
White, Quercus alba.
OARIOCYESIS, Pregnancy, ovarian.
OARION, Ovary.
OARION'CUS, Ofiriophy'mn, Ovn'rium Ui'mi-
dum, Tumor Ova'rii, from wapiov, (diminutive of
biov, 'an egg,') 'the ovarium,' and oycos, 'swell-
ing.' Ovarian tumour.
OARIOPARBC'TAMA, Onphoraux'e, from
laapiov, 'ovarium,' and TrapcKTeivetv, 'to extend.'
Enlargement of the ovary.
OARIORRHEX'IS, from wapwv, 'ovarium,'
and f)(?^(f, 'rupture.' Jiiiptn'i-a Ova'rii. Rupture
of the ovary.
OAPiIOT'OMY, Oariotom'ia, Ovariofom'tn,
Ovarint'omy, from wapiov, 'the ovarium,' and ro/jri,
' incision.' The operation for removing the ovary.
OARI'TIS, Oophiifi'tis, Oori'ds, Iiiflanima'iio
Ova'rii, Ovari'tis, (F.) Injlnmniatioti de I'Qvaire,
from wapiov, 'the ovarium,' and ilia, the termina-
tion denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the
ovarium. When occurring in childhood, it is the
Lochooplioritis of some.
OARIUM, Ovary.
OARTHROC'ACE, formed by contraction from
omo-arthrocace. Said to be used by Rust to de-
signate inflammation of the scapulo-humeral ar-
ticular surfaces. — Nysten.
OATxMBAL, see Avena.
OATS, Avena.
OBAUDITIO, Baryecoia.
OBAUDITUS, Baryecoia.
OBC^CATIO, Cajcitas.
0BD0RMIT"IO, from ob, and dormfo, dormi-
tnm, 'to sleep.' The state of the limbs being
asleep ; — Stupor ar'tnum.
OBDUCTIO LEGALIS, Autopsia cadaverica
legalis.
OBEL^A RAPHE, Sagittal suture.
OBESITAS, Polysarcia— o. Colli, Struma adi-
posa — o. Nimia, Pimelosis — o. Viscerum, Phys-
conia adiposa.
OBESITE, Pidysarcia.
OBESITY, Polysarcia.
OBESUS, Corpulent.
OBFUSCATIO, Amaurosis.
OBITUS, Death.
OBJECT'IVE CONE. The cone of light pro-
ceeding from an object, the apex of which is on
the object, and the base on the cornea.
Objkctive Sensations, see Sensation.
OBLINITIO, Inunction.
OBLIQUE', Obli'qntiK, Any thing inclined, or
which deviates from the vertical line. Anato-
mists have given this name to certain muscles,
which have an oblique direction as regards the
plane that divides the body into two equal and
symmetrical halves. These are: —
Oblique Muscles op the Abdomen. They
are two in ntimber, and distinguished into: J.
OLliqniis Exter'nxis Abdom'inia seu deeecii'detia
exter'nus seii descendena seu major, (F.) Ilio-pubo
coato-abdom' inal, Coato-abdom'inal (Ch.), Grand
oblique. Oblique externe. One of the broadest
muscles of the body. It is situate at the lateral
and anterior part of the abdomen ; and is flat and
quadrilateral. It is attached, above, to the outer
surface and lower edge of the 7 or 8 last ribs:
below, to the anterior third of the external lip of
the crista ilii : before, it terminates at the linea
alba by means of a broad and strong aponeurosis,
which covers the rectus, and presents towards its
inferior part two very solid filirous fasciculi,
which are inserted, — the one at the symphysis,
the other at the spine of the pubis, — under the
name of PiUnra of the Abdominal Jlinrf. These
pillars leave between thein an opening, which
forms the inferior orifice of the inguinal canal.
The obliquus externus abdominis depresses the
ribs, and carries them backwards during a strong
expiration. It impresses on the chest a move-
ment of rotation, and bonds the thorax upon the
pelvis, and conversely. It contracts, also, tlie ab-
dominal cavity. 2. Obliqnns luter'nua Abdomi-
nis seu aacendena seu minor seu ii\fe.runa seu
aecendens intern iia, Ifua' cuius accli'vis, (F.) llin-
lombo-coato-nbdominal, llio-abdominal (Ch.), J/((»-
cle petit oblique ou oblique interne, is broad, espe-
cially before; thin, and irregul.iriy quadrihiteral,
like the preceding, beneath which it is situate.
It is attached, above, to the inferior edge of the
cartilages of the 6th, 4th, .Sd. and 2d false ril)s;
below, to the anterior two-thirds of the interstice
of the crista ilii, to the posterior part of the crural
arch, and to the pubis; behind, to the spinous
processes of the last two lumbar vertebrae, and to
those of the first two portions of the sacrum ; be-
fore, to the linea .alba. Its upper fibres run obli-
quely upwards and forwards; the middle are
horizontal; and the lower pass obliquely down-
wards and forwards.
These last, in the male, are dragged down
through the inguinal ring, when the testicle de-
scends, and form the two fasciculi of the cre-
master.
The obliquus internus resembles the 0. exter-
nus in function.
Oblique Muscles of the Eye, Amato'rii, Clr-
cumagen'tes, liotato'rea Oc'idi, are two in number.
OBLIQUE EXTE R XE
641
OBTURATOR
Thoy arc distinguished into: 1. Oil iqitun Superior
Ociili, Amnio' riiti iiiun'cii/iii, Travhleii' rlii, Troch-
lea'toi; OljtiqKHH ninjor, Virciiiiiditclio'iiis op'i/ex,
Li>n'ji»'fiiiiiiii oc'iili, (¥.) Ojtticn-tidclilei scleroli-
cieii, (Jifdid trocliledteur (Ch.), Grand obliijue rfe
I'wil, 0. mipcrleitr de I'd'il, Amoureux (Miincie,) is
situate at the inner and upper part of tVie orbit.
It is suiall, round, fusiform, and reflected upon
itself in the middle of its course. IJehind, it is
attached to the insi<ie of the foramen opticum :
and when it arrives opi>osite the internal orhitar
process, it becomes a small, round tendon, which
slides in a cartilaginous pulley fixed to the os
frontis, and is reflected, at an acute angle, to pro-
ceed downwards and outwards, and to attach
itself to tlic outer and back part of the <;lobe of
the eye. This muscle carries the globe of the eye
forwards and inwards; making it experience a
movetnent of rotation, which directs the pupil
downwards and inwards. This is cooceived to be
an involuntary muscle as well as the next. In
Bleep, according to Sir C. Bell, when the power
over the straight or voluntary muscles of the
organ is nearly lost, the eye is given up to the
obliiiue muscles, which lodge the transparent cor-
nea under the upper eyelid. At the ni)proach of
death, the same thing is observable; hence, the
turning up of the eye, at such time, is not an
evidence of agony or sufl'ering, but of insensibi-
lity. 2. Ohli'qinis Iiife'rior seu niiiinr acidi, (F.)
Moxlllo-Hcleroticieii, Pcti't Tiochleiiteur (Ch.),
I'etit oblique ou oblique iuferieur de I'ofil, is situ-
ate at the anterior and inferior part of the orbit.
It is flat and attached to the inner and anterior
part of the orbitar surface of the superior maxil-
lary bone, on the outside of the lachrymal gutter;
from thence it passes outwards and backwards,
and tciminates by an aponeurosis, at the poste-
rior and inner part of the globe of the ej-e. It
carries the globe of the ej'e inwards and forwards ;
and directs the pupil upwards and outwards.
Ou[,iQUK Muscles of tiih JIkaii. These are
two in number. 1. Ohliquux Superior seu viitior
Cap'itis, (F.) Trncheln-titlo'ido-occipilal, Atloido-
tous-iutistiiidien (Ch.), Muncle oblique supfrienr ou
petit oblique de la tele. This muscle is situate at
the sides of, and behind, the articulation of the
head: it is flat and attached, on the one hand, to
the top of the transverse process of the atlas ; and,
on the other, terminates at the occipital bone, be-
neath the inferior curved line, and sometimes,
also, at the mastoid region of the temporal bone.
It extends the head, — inclining it to one side. 2.
Ohliquus Inferior Oitpllin, Obliquns major, (F.)
Spini-a.ro'ido-traehfli-dllindieii, Axoido-otloidifn
(Ch.), Oblique iii/erieur ou grand oblique de la
tele, is situate at the posterior part of the neck
and head. It is round, fusiform ; attached to the
spinous process of the axis, and proceeds to ter-
minate behind and below the summit of the trans-
verse process of the atlas. It impresses, on the
first vertebra and the head, a movciuent of rota-
tion, which turns the face to one side.
Obi.iqi'k Pkocksses. see Vertebra?.
OBLIt^UE EXTERXE, Obliquus externus
abdominis — o. Grand, Obliquus externus abdo-
minis— o. Grand de Va-il. Obliquus superior ocu-
li — 0. Grand de la tele, Obliquus inferior capitis
— o. Inferieur de Voeil, Obliquus inferior oeuli —
0, Infirieur de la tete, Obliquus inferior capitis —
o. Interne, Obliquus internus abdominis — o. Petit,
Obliquus internus abdominis — o. Petit de I'ceil,
Obliquus inferior oculi — o. Petit de la tele, Obli-
quus superior oculi — o. Snphirur de I'a'il, Obli-
quus superior oculi — o. Superienr de la tete, Obli-
quus superior capitis.
OliLIQVlTE DE LA MATRICE, Retrover-
sio uteri.
OBLIQUUS ASCENDENS, 0. internus nbdo-
41
minis — o. Auris, Laxator tj-mpani — o. Descen-
dens externus, 0. externus abdominis — o. Major,
0. externus abdominis, 0. inferior cajiitis, 0. su-
perior oculi — o. Minor, 0. internus abdominis —
o. Minor capitis, 0. superior capitis — o. Minor
oculi, 0. inferior oculi.
OBLIT'ERATED, Oblitera'tua ; from oblile-
rnre, (ob, and lllera,) 'to efface.' A vessel or
duct is said to be obliterated, when its parictes
have approximated and contracted such an adhe-
sion to each other that the cavity has completely
diappeared.
OBLITERATIO COMPLETA, Ilapantismus.
OBLIVIO, Amnesia — o. Iners, Lethargy.
OBLOBIUM, Antilobium.
OB'OLUS, OnidoHot. A weight of 9 or 1 0 grains.
OBSCffiN.*; PARTES, Genital organs.
OBSCURCISSEMENT DE LA VUE, Caligo.
OBSERVA'TION, Obxerva'tio, (from ob. and
servare, nervatum, 'to keej),' e. g. in sight.) Tere'-
hIh, Si/Niparalere'sis. Act of examining a thing
by means of the external senses. This word is
employed in several acceptations. It expresses
— 1. The action of observing — 2. The aggregate
of knowledge, afforded by observation. In French
— luit not in English — it means the cane or his-
tory of the phenomena presented by a patient in
the course of a disease.
OBSERVATION, Case — o. Method of, Nu-
merical method.
OBSTET'RIC, Obstet'ricus, Obxtefrical ; same
etymon as obstetrics. Relating or appertaining
to obstetrics, — as 'obstetric auscultation,' 'obstet-
ric exploration,' <fec.
OiisTF.Titir Chatr, Labour-chair.
OBSTETRIC ANS, Accoucheur.
OBSTET'RieS, from Obstetri.r, 'a midwife.'
(obHlare,ob, and utare, 'to stand before.') Tid.-ol'-
or/y, TocoV oijy , Maiei'a, Macei'a, Maei'a, Maeeu'-
fica am, Am obf<lfilric"ia, Obnlet'ricy, (F.) 06-
Klflrique. The art of midwifery. Midwifery
in gencr.al.
OBSTETRICY, Obstetrics.
OnSTETRlQ UE, Obstetrics.
OBSTETRIX, Midwife.
OBSTIPATIO, Constipation— 0. Tenesmus,
Tenesmus.
Obstipatio, see Hump.
OBSTIPITAS, Torticollis— 0. Capitis seu Colli,
Torticollis.
OBSTRUCTIO, Emphraxis, Stegnosis— o. Al-
vi. Constipation — o. Ductfls Alimentarii, Consti-
pation— o. Uuctfls Stenoniani, Stcnostenosis —
o. Intestinalis, Constipation — o. Recti Spastica,
Stricture of the Rectum, spasmodic — o. Pulmo-
num pituitosa fcbrilis. Peripneumonia notlia.
OBSTRUCTION OF THE INTESTINES,
Enteremphraxis.
OB'STRUENS, from obstmo, (oh, andstmere,
'to build.) ' I stop up by building against.' Op-
pilati'mi. A medicine which closes the orifices
of ducts or vessels.
OBSTUPEFACIENTIA, Narcotics.
OB TON DA XT. Obtundens.
OBTRUNCATIO, Decollation.
OBTUMESCENTIA, Mutitas.
OBTUN'BENS, (F.) Obtondanf, from obfnn.
dere, (ob and tuudere, ' to beat,') ' to beat against,'
and therefore to blunt the edge. An epithet ap-
plied to remedies that were supposed, according
to an erroneous theory, to be possessed of the
power of blunting the acrimony of the humours.
A demulcent is one of these.
OBTUR AMENTUM. Emphragma.
OBTURA TEUR, Obturator.
OBTURATEUR DU PALAIS, Palate, arti-
ficial.
OBTURATTO. Emphraxis.
OBTURA'TOR, Obturato'rim, (F.) Ohturateur,
OBTURATOR ARTERY
642
OCCIPITAL
from obturare, (akin to ^vpa, 'a cloor,'[?]) 'to
i-lose,' ' stop up the entrance.' A name given in
anatomy, to several parts.
Obtuhator Artery, Artert'a ohlnmto'rtn sen
iihtitra'tiix, {¥.) Sons-piibio feiiionile (Ch.), Artere
iihliiratrice, arises, most commonly, from tlie by-
p >gastric. It is, however, frequently given off
from the epigastric; a matter of importance to be
ilt'termineil in cases of femoral hernia. Of 500
o^iturator arteries examined by M. J. Cloquet,
;; to were furnished by the hypogastric, and 152
by the epigastric or crural. When it arises from
tlie hypogastric, it passes forwards and outwards,
and then turns horizontally into the cavity of the
})elvis, to issue from this cavity by the opening
left at tlie upper part of the obturator membrane.
^Vhen, on tlie contrary, the obturator artery
arises from the epigastric or the crural, it de-
scends obliquely inwards, behind the os pubis,
to the obturator foramen. At its exit from the
pelvis, the artery divides into two branches, a
poHterior and an anterior, which are distri.buted
to the muscles of the anterior and superior part
of the thigh.
Obtura'tor Fora'mek, Fora'men Ohtnrato'-
rlitin seu obtiira'tum seu infra-pubia'niim seu
ov(t'le seu tJn/roideum seu Thyro'i'dcs seu Amphim
Pelvis, (F.) Troll soim-piibieii. A large opening,
of an oval or triangular form, in the anterior part
of the OS innoniinatum. on the outside of the sym-
jihysis pubis and beneath the horizontal ramus
of the OS pubis. This foramen is closed by a
membranous ligament.
Obturator Ligament or Membraxr, SkI-
piihic membrane, is a fibrous membrane, fixed to
the whole circumference of the obturator fora-
men, except above, where an opening remains for
the passage of the vessels and nerves of the same
name.
Obturator Muscles, Obtnrato'res, Rotatn'res
feni'oris. These are two in number. They are
divided into
a. Obturator E.cter'nus, Extra-pelrio-piihi-fro-
Lliiiiiterieii, S'liis-jinbio-trochnnterien externe (Ch.)
A muscle, situate at the anterior and inner part
of the thigh. It is broad, flat, and triangular;
and is attached, on the one hand, to the anterior
surface of the os pubis, to that of the ischium,
and to the anterior surface of the obturator liga-
ment. Its fleshy fibres converge to the tendon,
which proceeds to be inserted at the inferior part
of the cavity of the great trochanter. This mus-
cle rotates the thigh outwards.
b. Obturator Fitter' mm, j\far>siipia'liii, Biir>in'li»,
Intra -pel rio-troch.aiiterieii, Sona-pnbio-lrnchante-
rien interne (Ch.) is seated, almost entirely, in the
jielvis. It arises from the inner surface of the
obturator ligament, and from the posterior part
of the circumference of the obturator foramen,
and is inserted, by means of a strong tendon,
running between the two portions of the getnini,
into the cavity at the root of the great trochan-
ter; after having turned upon the ischium, which
firms for it a kind of pulley. This muscle also
rotates the thigh outwards.
Obturator Nerve, Sonn-puhlo-femoral, (Ch.),
proceeds principally from the 2d and 3d lumbar
nerves. It descends into the pelvis; gains the
obturator foramen ; gives branches to the i>btu-
rator muscles, and divides, behind the abductor
primus and pectinalis, into two branches; one
anterior, whose branches are distributed to the
first two adductors, gracilis, and integuments;
the other, poxterior, distributing its ramifications
to the obturator externus and third adductor.
Obturator Vein has, ordinarily, the same ar-
ranjrementas the artery. It is common, however,
to find it arising from the epigastric; whilst the
corresponding artery proceeds from the hypogas-
tric, and conversely.
The term obtnrator, (F.) Obliiralrtir, is, nlso,
applied to an in.strumcnt, adni)te(l for closing aa
opening caused by a wound or disease.
OirrURATOUES, Obturator muscles.
OBVOLVEXTIA, Demulcents.
OCA. Oxalis tuberosa.
OCCiECATIO, Ciecitas.
OCCIP'ITAL, Occipita'lis. That which be
longs to the occiput.
Occipital Artkry. This arises from the po?.
terior part of the external carotid, beneath the
parotid. It proceeds backwards, passes between
the mastoid process and the transverse process
of the atlas; reaches the occipital bone and di-
vides into two brandies, which may be called
ascending posterior and anterior, and are distri-
buted to the ncighl)ouring muscles and ligaments.
Occip'ital Bonk, Oi occip'itiH seu oecipit'ii seu
occipita'le seu spheno-basila're seu wemo'ria: seu
nervo'nnm seu baiiila're seu prorw feu pi/.r'idiii seu
nextiiin cra'iiii seu lanibdoi'des seu lambda seu
laiidcB seu pnppis seu iiertu/mitn seu fibro'siim seu
pelvicephal'iciim, (F.) On occipital, is situate at
j the posterior and inferior part of the cranium,
which it assists in forming. It is flat, symmetri-
cal; and curved upon itself. It presents, 1. An
occipital or posterior surface, which is convex,
and has, upon the median line, tlie basilarij sur-
face, the foramen maginnn, through which passes
the spinal marrow with its membranes and ves-
sels,— the external occipital crest, the external oc-
cipital protiiberance ; and, at the sides, the upper
curved line, large roiiijh arched ridi/e or traiisrerse
arch or linea aemicirciilaris, the lower curved line,
the posterior condyloid fossa, the condyles for the
articulation of this bone with the atlas; and the
anterior condyloid fossm, pierced by a fornnicn
for the passage of the ninth pair of nerves. 2. A
cerebral or anterior surface. On the median line
are: the basilary fosses, the inner orifice of the
foramen magnum, the internal occipital crest, the
internal occipital protuberance, the crui-ifiirm
spine ; a channel, which lodges the terniiniition
of the straight sinus, and on each side, tlie occi-
pital fossa:, distinguished into superior or cere-
bral, and inferior or cerebellous, and separated by
a groove which lodges the lateral sinus. 3. The
surfaces of the oecijiital bone are separated by
four ridges and four angles. The two superior
edges are articulated with the parietal bones; the
two lower join the temporal ; and the anterinr
angle, under the name basilary process, is united
to the sphenoid.
The occipital bone is developed from four
points of ossification : and sometimes from a
greater number.
Occii'iTAL Muscle, Occipita'lis. Many ana-
tomists have given this name to the posterior
fasciculus of the occipito-frontalis.
OCCII'ITAL Nerve, Sub-occipital nerve, {J.)
Premiere poire trnchelieniie (Ch.), Nerf occipitul
ou sous occipital. It arises from the upper \mi
of the spinal marrow by eight or ten filaments,
united in two fasciculi. Thus formed, it passes
between the foramen magnum and the posteri'T
arch of the atlas; and, at this place, forms a long
ganglion, afterwards dividing into two branch'^.
Of these, the anterior, which is long and small,
makes a turn above the transverse process of tlio
atlas and forms an anastomotic noose with a
branch of the second cervical nerve. The /*'-«'';-
rior branch, larger and shorter, divides into seven
or eight branches, which are distributed to tlio
muscles of the upper and back part of the neck.
Occipital Rf.oion, Occiput.
Occipital Vrin. Its roots follow exactly the
course of the branches of the artery, and unite
OCCIPITIUM
643
OCYTOCUS
into a single trunk, which opens into the internal
insular vein, and sometimes into the external.
OCCIPITIUM, Oc-iput.
OCCII"ITO-AT'LOID, Occipito-nlloideus, (F.)
Occipito-athnfllen. That which has reference to
the occiput and atlas.
Oi'Cipito-Atloid Articulation is the articn-
litiiin of the condyles of the occipital bone with
the sui)cri<)r articular cavities of the atlas. It is
strengthened by two ligaments ; the one anterior,
the other poxterior, called occipito-citloid liyi'
wtitu: the one extends from the anterior, the
other from the posterior, arch of the atlas, to the
(•orrespon<ling portion of the circumference of the
fiirnnien miignum.
OCCIP'ITO-AX'OID, Occipito-axoidens, (F.)
Occipito-a.roidieii. That which relates to the
occipital bone and the axis or second vertebra..
OcciPiTO-AXOiD Articui-atiox is the connex-
ion of the occipital bone with the axis or second
vertebra, although these bones are not really ar-
ticulated, but are merely retained in appos^ition
by three strong ligaments, the posterior of which
is called the occipito-axoid, and the two others
odontoid,
OCCIPITO-FRONTA'LTS, Dirjas'tricna era'-
liii, Epicra'niiin, Fronta'lis et ocilpitalis. The
iiiiijority of anatomists call by this name the
whole of the fleshy plane, with the epicranial or
coronal aponeurosis, (see Ctdot/e,) which covers
the head from the occiput to the forehead. It is
attached, by its posterior fasciculus, to the two
outer thirds of the upper curved line of the occi-
pital hone, and to tho outer surface of the mas-
toid portion of the temporal ; and, by its anterior
fasciculus, it terminates at the eyebrow, where it
becomes confounded with the superciliaris, pyra-
miiliilis nasi, and orbicularis palpebrarum.
The occipito-frontalis, by the contraction of its
anterior fasciculus, draws forward a part of the
integuments of the cranium. It wrinkles the
skin of the forehead transversely, and may, also
contribute to open the eye by its decussation with
the orbicularis palpebrarum. The posterior fas-
ciculus of the muscle draws backwards a part of
the skin of the cranium, and assists in stretching
the common aponeurosis.
OCCIP'ITO-MENINGE'AL. That which be-
longs to the occipital bone, and to the meninge
or dura mater.
OcciPiTO-MKNiNGKAL AnTEnv, in Chaussier's
nomenclature, is a branch of the vertebral, given
off to the dura mater at its entrance into the
criiniuin.
OCCIPUT, Occipil'iiim (nh, and caput). Eegio
(ircipita'lis, III' inn, 0pi8thnrra'ninm,0pi>^thoceph' -
idon, Ifi/Hterocra'tilum, Prom, Occipi'tium. The
buck part of the head, formed by the occipital
bone.
Occiput, Soft, Craniotabes.
OCCLU'SION, Occlii'sio, Ml/re, from occht-
dure. ncchiKnni, ' to shut up.' Sometimes this
word signifies, simply, the transient approxima-
tion of the eilges of a natural opening — the or-
rhmion of the eyelids, for example; at otiiors it
is synonymous with imperforation, as occlunion
(if tile pupil, rnqinn, &e.
' OCCULT DISEASES, see Latent.
OCEAN SPRINGS, sec Mississippi, Mineral
waters of.
OCIIEM.A. Vehicle.
OCMIRTEU.MATA, Nares.
OtMlETOS. Ci.nal.
0(MIEr.>^. Scrotum.
O'^'IILE'SIS, from o;;^;Xof, 'a crowd.' A term,
fippliod by Dr. George Gregory to a morbid con-
dition induced by the crowding together of sick
persons under one roof.
OCllllEA RUBU.\, naematites.
OCTTRIASIS. Palene.«s.
OCIIROMA, Paleness.
OCIIKOPYRA, Fever, yellow.
OCIIROTES. Paleness.
OCIIROTYPIIUS. Fever, yellow.
GCMTHIASIS, xMollascum.
OCIITIIODES, Callous.
OCIMUM ADSCENDENS, 0. Basilicnm.
Oci'ml'm Basil'iciim, 0. ndscen'devn seu pilo'-
mim seu raceino'snm seu citi-a'tnm, Beren'daros,
Ranil'icinn, B. majiis seu citr^i'tiim. Common or
Citron baiil, (F.) Banilic comnnin ; iZ/cifiov, from
uiKi'i, 'swift,' owing to its swift growth. Xot.
Ord. LabiatiB. Sex. Si/st. Didynamia Gymno-
spcrmia. This herb has a fragrant odour and
aromatic taste. It is used as a condiment, and
has been supposed to possess nervine properties.
Ori>fUM Cahvophylla'tum, 0. jniji'immn,
Siii/il/ or Ilnsli hrixil. Possesses properties similar
to the former. It is sometimes used as snuff.
OcuMtTM CiTRATiuf, 0. Bnsilieum — o. Pilosum,
0. Bnsilieum — o. Racetnosum. 0. Basilicum.
OCOTEA AMARA, Nectandra cymbnrum — o.
CymVinrum. Nectandra cyinliarum — o. Pichurim,
see Pichurim beans — o. Puehury, see Pichurim
beans.
OCllEA, Hippocampus minor. Shin.
OCTA'NA, Ilehdowodn'ria. Frhris hehdoma-
da'rin, from octo. ' eight.' A fever whose paro.t-
ysms recur every week ; — a supposititious case.
OCTA'RIUS. A pint. The eighth part of a
wine-gallon. Same etymon. It contains six-
teen fluidounees (Ph. U. S.), — 20 fluidounces im-
perial measure.
OCTOPUS, Synapheocephalus, Hemipages.
OCTUNX, from octn, 'eight,' and uucia, ' an
ounce.' A weight of eight ounces.
OCULAR, Orvla'ris, {F.) Oeulaire, from ocu-
ItiK. 'an eye.' Of or belonging to the eye.
OcuLAU CoNR. The cone formed witliin the
eye by a pencil of rays proceeiling from an ob-
ject; the base of the cone being on the cornea,
— the apex on the retina.
OCULARES COMMUNES, Motorcs oculornm
— o. Deutes. Canine teeth.
OCULARIA, Euphrasia officinalis.
OCULT MARMARYGODES. Metamorphop-
sia — o. Palpebrarum scabies pruriginosa. Oph-
thalmia tnrsi.
OCULIST, Ornlix'ta, Oplitlialmin'ter, Med'iens
oeiila'riiis seu oplithal' miens, from ocnhm, 'an
eye.' One who occupies himself, chiefly, with the
manau'euient of diseases of the eye.
OCf'fJSTfQI'K. Ophtbalm.dosrv.
OCl'LO-.MUSCULAR NERVES, COM.MON,
Motores oculorum.
OCULUM MOVENS PRIMUS, Rectus inter-
nus oouli — o. Movens quartos, Rectus inferior
oculi — o. Movens secundus, Rectus externus oculi
— o. Movens tertius. Rectus superior oculi.
OCULIIS. Eye— -o. Bovinus. Hydrophthalmia
— o. Bovis. Chrysantlicmum leucanthemum — o.
Bubulus, Hydrophthalmia — o. C.Tsius, Glaucoma
— o. Duplex, Binoculus — o. Elepbantinus, Hy-
droplithalniia — o. Genu, Patella — o. Lacrymans,
Epiphora — o. Purulentus, Hypopyon — o. Sim-
plex, see Monoculus — o. Typhonis, Scilla.
OCYMU.M, see Ocimum — o. Sylvcstre, Clino-
podinm vulsare.
OCYODYNIC. Ocytocic.
OCYPH'ONUS, from ukv<. 'quick.' and (poioi,
'murder.' An agent that kills speedily.
OCYTOCEUS. Ocytocic.
OCYTOCIC, Orjiloeic. Or,/tnc'e>(f, Ort/toe'infi,
Ori/l'oeiis. Oei/i'di/'nic. ()dinn(/o'(/nK, from ofiif,
'quick,' and tokoc, 'labour.' Any thing that ex-
pedites purturition.
OCYTOCIUS. Ocvtocio.
OCYTOCUS, Ocytocic.
OD
644
ODONTRYrr
OD. A term, employed by Reiehenbach to
designate an " effective force," which, according
to him, not only manifests itself in contact with
man, as in the case of magnets, crystals, the
hands, &c., but, also, at distances, as from the
sun, moon, and stars — indeed from all matter.
Such a force is termed by him odic.
ODAXIS'MUS, Odaxei'miis, Odontocve'sis,
Odoyitocnes'nuo, oia^rjcr/jioq; a sensation of biting
or pricking, as that in the gums which precedes
the appearance of the teeth.
ODES. A suffix, see Eidos.
ODEUR, Odour.
ODIC, see Od.
ODIX, Pains, (labour.)
ODINAGOGUS, Ocytocic.
ODINOL'YSIS, from oiiv, 'labour pains,' and
^uffif, 'solution.' Mitigation of labour pains.
ODINOPCE'A, from oiiv, 'labour pains,' and
Touui, 'I make.' Agents that encourage labour
pains.
ODTS. Pains, labour.
ODMR, Odour.
ODONTAGOGON, Dentagra.
ODON'TAGRA, from obov^, obovroi, *a tooth,'
and aypa, 'a seizure.' A rheumatic or gouty
pain in the teeth. Dentagra.
ODONTAL'GIA, from obnvq, obovro;, 'a tcoth,'
and nXyiv?, ' pain.' Den'tinm dolor, Toothnrh,
Odon'ti'n, 0. doloi-o'in, Gomjihi'anifi, GompJiias'-
inus, 0</o)ilnd)j)i'ia, (F.) Dunlciir des dents, Flux-
ion siir fen doits, Mai de dent ou d'amour. A dis-
ease dependent upon a variety of causes affecting
the cavity of the tooth ; but generally owing to
caries, which exposes the cavity to the action of
the air, and to extraneous matters in general.
Hence, the treatment consists in plugging the
tooth, or destroying the sensihility of the nerve
by powerful stimulants ; and, if these means fail,
in extracting the tooth.
Odontalgia Cariosa, Dental gangrene — o.
Dentitionis, Dentition — o. Hipmodia, Ilirmodia.
Odontalgia Nunvo'sA, Nenralr/ia Denta'lis.
Neuralgia of the teeth. Characterized by pe-
riodical pain, shooting with the utmost violence
along the branches of the fifth pair distributed to
the affected jaw.
Odontalgia Rkmittens et Intermittens,
Keural'zia infrn-orhitaria.
ODONTALGIC, Anti-odontalgic.
ODONTAMRLYO(}MUS, Hremodia.
ODONTILTIMODIA, na?modia.
ODOXTIIARPAGA, Dentagra.
ODONTIIYPERiESTIIESIS, Hcemodia.
ODONTIA, Odontalgia.
Odon'tia Drfor'mis. Deformity of the teeth
from error of shape, position, or number. — Good.
Odontia Dentitionis Lactantiitm, see Denti-
tion (first) — o. Dentitionis puerilis, see Dentition
(second) — o. Edentula, see Nefrendes — o. Ex-
crescens. Epulis — o. Incrustans, Odontolitbos — o.
Stuporis, Ha?modia.
0D0NTIA8TS. Dentition.
ODONTIATER, Dentist.
ODONTIATRIA, Dentistry.
ODONTIC. Anti-odontalgic.
ODONTI'TLS, Odovtophlefj'mone. from oSovg,
oiovTog, 'a tooth,' and iti's, denoting inflammation.
Inflammation of the teeth.
ODONTOBOTHRI'TIS, Odontopliatni'tis, Tn-
Jlammn'lio alveolo'nim, from odonlobotfin'um,
(oiovs, o^ovTos, 'a tooth,' and !3o!yf.iov, 'alveolus,')
sind itin, denoting inflammation. Inflammation
of the alveoli.
ODONTOHOTHRIUM. Alveolus.
ODONTOCLA'.SIS, from o(5ou?, o^ovrof, 'a
tooth,' and K>.a(rii, 'fracture; Fractn'ra den'tis.
Fracture of a tooth.
ODONTOCNESIS, Odaxi.«mus.
ODOXTOCNESMUS. Odnxismus.
ODONTODES. Odontoid.
ODONTODYNIA, Odontalgia.
0DONTOG"KNY, Odontoijeu'ia, from oiovu
oSovTos, 'a tooth,' and yevcotf, 'generation.' Ge-
neration or mode of development of the teeth.
ODONTOGLYPIION, Dentiscalpium, Gum
lancet.
ODONTOGLYPHUM, Dentiscalpium, Gum
lancet.
ODONTOG'RAPIIY, Odontorjraph'ia, from
obovi, oiovToi, ' a tooth,' and ypa<l>r), ' a description.
A description of the teeth.
ODON'TOID, Odontoi'des, Odonto'dm. Dent!-
forni'ls, Dentd'Un, DenlnidniK, l^yreno'i'deH, from
olovi, ohovTo%, 'a tooth,' and £i(5oj, 'shape,' 're-
semblance.' An epithet given to the J'loccssiin
dentntim of the second vertebra or axis.
Odontoid Lig'asirnts, Li't/'ynien'tfi (da'rin sen
3faiirhtn-'ti, (F.) Li(j<iinentii odonlii'idienn, sire two
strong and short conical fasciculi, whose trun-
cated summits embrace the sides of the odontoid
process, and whose bases are fixed in the fossa)
at the inner side of the condyles of the occijiital
bone. Their direction is obliquely outwards and
slightly upwards. They enter into the composi-
tion of the o(oi)dto-axoid articulation, strengthen
the junction of the head with the vertebral
column, and limit ^he movement of rotation of
the atlas on the axis.
Other ligamentous fibres pass from the highest
portion of the processus dentatus to the anterior
margin of the foramen magnum of the occipital
hone — eonstitutingthei)'<;'nHe/i'fH»i8H»/)f/i«o'i')i(m
dentin.
ODONTOL'ITHOS, (F.) OdontoUthe. from
oi5ot)j, oi5oi'T05, 'a tooth,' and A(5o?, 'a stone.' A
sort of incrustation, of a yellowish colour, which
forms at the coronae of the teeth, and is called
Tartar, Tar'tiirnt Den'tinm, Odon'tia inrrnn'tann,
Cal'eulnn dent'i'lin, (P.) Tavtre den dentn. T. den-
taire. It consists of seventy-nine parts of phos-
phate of lime; twelve and a half of mucus: one
of a particular salivary matter, and seven and a
half of animal substance, soluble in chlorohydric
acid. A species of infusoria, Denlic'ola hom'inis,
has been found in it.
ODONTOL'OOY, OdnnloJog"ia. from o^owf,
oiovToi, 'a tooth,' and }>oyoi. 'a discourse.' An
anatomicnl treatise of the teeth.
ODONTONECRORTS, Dental gangrene.
' ODONTOPARALLAX'IS, from obovt, oborros,
'a tooth,' and ir«(;oX>o?(f, 'deviation.' Irregu-
larity and obliquity of the teeth ; (Prov.) Snuycjle
teeth.
ODONTOPIIATNE. Alveolus.
ODONTOPHATNITIS, O.iontobothritis.
ODONTOPLEROSIS, see Filling.
ODONTOPIIYIA, Dentiti.m.
ODONTOPRISIS, Brygmus, Stridor dentinm.
ODONTOSEI'SIS, ddontonein'mnn, Den'tiiim
vaeillan'tia, from oiovi, oiovTOi, 'a tooth,' and
o-EiiTi?, 'shakiiicr.' Looseness of the teeth.
ODONTOSEISMUS, Odontoseisis.
ODONTOSMEGMA, Dentifrice.
ODONTOSPHACELISIS, Dental gangrene.
ODONTOSPIIACELISMUS, Dental gangrene.
ODONTOSTERE'SIS, from obovu oiovroi, 'a
tooth,' and areprjais, 'privation.' Loss of the
teeth.
ODONTOSYNERTSM'US, from obov;, oW?,
'a tooth,' and mivspi^nv, ' to strike together ;' (F.)
Claqiienient. Chatti'ring of the teeth.
ODONTOTECllNY, Dentistry.
ODONTOTFIERAPIA, Dentistry.
ODONTOTRIMMA. Dentifrice.
ODONTOTRYPY, Odontrypy.
ODON'TRYPY, Odont<,l'rypy, Odnntotryp'in,
from oioiij, o^ovTOi, 'a tooth,' and rpwata, 'I per-
0 D 0 R A M E N T U M
645
(EXOLOTIF
f)rate.' The operation of perforating a tooth to
cv'iicunte purulent matter confined in the cavity
of tiie pulp.
0 DO a V M R XT UM. O.loriferum.
OlfOnAXr, see Odour.
ODOIIAT, Olfaction.
ODOIl.VTIO, Olfaction.
ODOll.vrUS, Olfaction— 0. Deperditus, Anos-
mia.
ODORIF'EIIUM, from odor, odons, 'odour,'
ftn<l fero, ' I carry ;' Odornmen'tum. A medicine
that !;i\'cs odour or flavour. A scent. A perfume.
ODOROUS, .see Odour.
0D03, Wav.
O'DOUR, Odor, Odme, O^me, (F.) Odeiir. A
smell. Odours are subtle particles, constantly
escaping from the surface of certain bodies hence
called o'(/'<r'>i(», (F.) Odornnt. They act, in some
manner, by actual contact with the nerves of the
S«hiu:iderian membrane, and give occasion to the
sense of smell or olfaction.
ODOU.S, see Teeth.
OD'YNE, oiJuvj;, 'pain,' Dolor, Odi/nc'ma. A
very ooinmon sulRx to words; as in Pleurodyne.
ODYNHMA, Odyno.
(EOIOMA'NIA, Oiheioma'nia, from oiKctoi, 'be-
longinj; to a household or family,' and mniiiti. A
firm of moral insanity, characterized by domes-
tic perversity.
{ECONO.\I[A, Economy — oe. Animalis, Phy-
siolo;;v.
(EDATiTCUS, rElomatous.
(ED ALT US, CEdemalous.
(EDE'M.V, from otScia, 'I am swollen.' ////-
(Irnn'citu, (Edemnf' in, JL/dt'roii'ciin, Ilijdaton'cim,
nijdroiedi-'jnii, I[i/<lredn'>nn, Hi/drops celhda' r!n
nr'tiitim, Pliltipiiti'tin, Lenfophhfimd'tin, Erphtj'-
mncpilemnt'iviiDi, (F.) OUdSiiie, lEdemittie, Eiiflitre.
iSwellins; produced by the accumulation of a se-
rous fluid in the interstices of the areolar texture.
This swellini; is soft; yields under the fiiij^er;
preserves the impression for some time, and is
pale and without pain. It presents the same
characters as anasarca, which is general oedema.
Its etiology and treatment are also the same.
See Anasarca.
CEdkma Aciititm, see Anasarca.
(EnuMA Ausbn'ic.v'lis. The swelling of the
eyelids and face, induced by continued use of the
prep:irations of arsenic.
(Edkm.v Calidum, see Anasarca — oc. Capitis,
Hydrocephalus ex tern us.
(Eok'ma Cer'bbki, (F.) CEdhne da cervenn.
(Edema of the brain. A condition of the cerebral
pulp, in which there is an infiltration of serous
fluid into it, so that it appears more moist or wa-
tery than common ; and, when sliced or pressed,
small drops of water are seen to ooze out.
CEdkma, Compact, Induration of the cellular
tissue — ce. Cruentum, Suggillation — oe. Febrile,
see Anasarca — oe. Fugax, Anathymiasis — ce.
llystericum, Anathymiasis.
(ErtKMA OP TUB (iLOTTlS, (E. glot'tidtH, (Edem'-
ntoiiH fjiiri/iifii'ti'ii or ring hia,Lnri/ III/ i' tin xiibnuico'na
Pen (edemiitii'na sen sero-piirnleii'ta, Ili/dropn i^lot'-
l!di«, Aiiiji'iut oi/iio'i'a sen liri/ni/e'a (pdem'ito'na,
SiibiiiH'coit.9 Litri/niji'tiit, (F.) Laryiii/ile oedhnn-
tenite, L. cedfmateiine et sero-jnirnlente ou 8i(S-f/lot-
lifiie on 'niis-miiqiieune, Amjlw lari/iigee Ofdeinn-
^■H'^^, (El?iiie de la ylotle. A disease consisting
of serous or sero-purulent infiltration into the
submucous tissue of the glottis. The S3'mptoms
resemble those of croup; but the disease attacks
the adult rather than the child. The age is, in-
deed, a principal means of diagnosis between the
two affections.
The disease is almost always fatal. The treat-
ment has to vary according to the accompanying
general symptoms.
CEdkma Lacteum, Phlegmatia dolens.
(Edbma of tub Lungs, (E. pidmo'uum, Pneu-
mocli'i/nig, PiieitinoiKede'iiKi, Hydrops seu ana-
snr'ca Pulmo' num, Ili/dropiieumo' iiia, (F.)
CEdinie dti pouiiion. Laennec has so called the
infiltration of serum into the tissue of the lung,
carried to such an extent as to diminish its
permeability to air. It is not an uncommon
sequela of pneumonia, and the major exanthe-
mata. The respiration is laborious ; the respira-
tory murmur scarcely perceptible, although the
thorax is largely expanded, and there is a slight
rale crepitant, particularly at the base and infe-
rior part of the lung. The sound on percussion
is clear, and on both sides equally so. The cough
is attended with aqueous expectoration. In some
cases the respiration becomes peurile in a small
portion of the summit of the lung.
CEdkma Neonatohum, Induration of the cellu-
lar tissue — oe. Palpebrarum, Ilydroblepharon —
oe. Puerperarum, Phlegmatia dolens — oe. Pulmo-
num, CEdema of the lungs — oe. Pulmonum chro-
nicum, Ilydropneumonia — oe. Scroti aquosum,
Oschydroedema — oe. Scroti cruentum, Oschajma-
toedema — oe. Scroti purulentuiu, Oscheopyoedema
— oe. Scroti urinosum. Urocele — oe. Spasticum,
Anathymiasis — oe. IJvuhe, Staphyloedema.
CEDE.MATIA, CEdema.
(EDEMATIE, (Edema.
CEDE.VIATOSARCA, a^demosarca.
CEDEMATOSCIIEOCE'LE, (Edemnscheoce'le,
Oxclteoce'le aedemat'ica. Oscheocele with oedema
of the scrotum.
CEDE.M'ATOUS, (Edemnto' ms, (Edemnt'tcns,
(Edemato'des, (EdnV inn, CEditl' icus, Edem' iitoim,
(F.) (Edemnteux. Affected with oedema, (F.)
(EdeiHdtie, of the nature of (Bdema.
CEDE ME, CEdema — oe. dn Cervean, CEdema
cerebri — oe. Donlonreit.r dee femmes en coiiche,
Phlegmatia dolens — oe. den Noanellea accoiichdea,
Phlegmatia dolens — ce. nctif des Nouvellen uc-
coiK-liees, Phlegmatiii dolens — oe. de la Glolte,
CEilema of the glottis — tc. de la Glotle, Angina
oedematosa — oe. da Tinxn crllulaire des iioiiveau-
nes. Induration of the cellular tissue.
CEDEMOSAR'OA, (Edemnfomr'ca. A species
of tumour mentioned by M. A. Severinus, which
holds a middle place between oedema and sarcoma.
CEDE.MOSCIIEOCELE, (Edematoscheocele.
GifL. Eye — ae. de liiriif, Antbemis tinctoria —
oe. Double. Binoculus — <e. de Lievre, Lagophthal-
mus — oe. Simple, see Monoculus.
(EFLLET GIROFLEE, Dianthus caryophyl-
lus. ^
(EILLIERE, Scaphium oeulare.
(EXAN'TIIE, (E. croca'tn seu chtprophyl'li
fo'liin, Hemlock, di-opiport, Hemloclc icnter-drap-
wort. Not. Ord. Umbelliferae. Sex. Si/it. Pen-
tandria Digynia, from otvo;, 'wine,' and avSoi, 'a
flower;' its flowers smelling like the vine. A
violent poison of the acro-nareotic class. Its
juice has been recommended in certain cutaneous
diseases ; but it is scarcely ever used. It is em-
ployed in fomentations.
(ExANTHB Aqitatica, Phcllandrium aquaticum
— oe. Phellandrium, Phellandrium aquaticum — oe.
Striata rigida, Seseli tortuosum.
(ENEL/E'ON, from oivos, 'wine,' and t\aiov,
'oil.' A mixture of oil and wine. — Galen. Also,
rectifiod spirit or alcohol.
CEXOG'AIiA, oivoyii\a, from oivo^, 'wine,' and
yaXit, 'milk,' — 'a mixture of wine and milk.'
According to some, wine as warm as new milk.
CENOCi'ARON, Gamm vino 7Hiistum. Wine
mixed with carum. — Aetius.
(ENOLATURE, see Vinutn.
(EXOLE, see Vinum.
(EXOLOTIF (F.). A name given by M.
CENOIDES
646
OGLA
B6ral to a medicine intended for external use,
■whose exci|iient is wine.
(E>fOIDES. Vinous.
QiNO.MA'NIA, 0 i noma' Ilia, irom oivoj, ' wine,'
and iminia. Delirium tremens. Properly, wine-
maiiiii. An insatiable desire for intoxicating
liquors.
CE'NOMEL, G'jiiom'eli, from ono;, ' wine,' and
/ieXi, 'honey.' ^fel vino' sum, Mulmtm Vino' sum.
Honey wine. Wine mead. See Hydromel.
ffiXOPlILYGIA, Tomulenfia.
(EXOIMILYXIS, Temulentia.
(E.VOS, Wine.
Q3X0STAG.MA, Spiritus vini reetificatus.
CEXOTHE'RA BIEN'NIS, (E. MoUis'sima seu
murica'tit seu ijiitroVdeK, On'aijra, Ecenin(j Priiii-
ri)se. Tree Priiiirone, Priiiti-ose tree, Cure-all,
tSf'tbixh. An indi;j;enous plant, common on the
))orders of fields, and in natural hed;:;es. Ord.
OnagraceiB. Se.r. S^st. Octandria Monogynia.
Its properties are mucilaginous and slightly
ncrid. A decoction has been used in cases of in-
fant.ile and otiier eruptions.
CExoTHKRA Gauroides, 0. biennis — oo. Muri-
cata, 0. biennis.
(ESOPHAGE'AL, (E^ophcjm'ns, (F.) (Eao-
phiKjien. Same etymon as cesopliagus. Relating
or belonging to tlie oesophagus.
(EsOPHAGGAIy Ap'iiin'UUK OP THE Dl'APHRAG>r,
Fi)rn'nie>i cenDphai/e'nin, (F.) Oiivertiire oesopjta-
yieinie dn dinphraijme. An opening in the dia-
phragm for the passage of the oesophagus.
(EsoPHAGBAL APKllTUIlE OP THK StOHACH. A
name given to the superior or cardiac orifice of
the stomach, to distinguish it from the inferior or
j>^lnric. See Cariiia.
CEsopnAGBAL MuscLB, OStopItaym'nu. Some
anatomists have given this name to the transverse
muscular fibres whi^'li surround the oesophagus
at its upper extremity.
(Esophageal Tcbb, see Tube, oesophageal.
(ESOPilAaEURYS'MA, CEsoph'ayns auccen-
tiiria'tiia, from otaotpayo';, 'the oesophagus,' and
evpvaiia, 'dilatation.' Dilatation of the oesopha-
gus.
CESOPIIAfilALGTA, (Esophagismus.
(ESOPHAGIARCTIA, Dvsphagia constricta.
CESOPIIAGIEN, (muscle), Constrictor oeso-
phagi.
(ESOPIIAGIS'MUS, (Exophagia'mnm. A name
given by Vogel to spasm of the oesophagus, Dj/a-
phn'gia Spuamod'icn seu Spna'tica seu Nervo'aa,
Sfrictii'ra ceso])h'agi apafiiiod'ica, (ExophagiaV-
ffia, CEiophai/o-ipaHiii'iia, Tenea'inua OidcB, (F.)
TeiieHiiie de I'cenipJiaije. By some used synony-
mously with oesophiigitis, dysphagia, and con-
traction of the oesophagus.
(ESOPIIAGI'TIS, Aiif/I'na seu Cijnnn'che ceao-
phatjm'a, DyKphn'ijin iiijiamwato'ria, liiflamma'-
lio opanph'ar/i seu Gida, (P.) Aiigine usaopha-
(jicnw. Inflatnmttion of the oesophai'us.
(ESOPIIAGODYN'IA, from o«rfl0„yof, 'the
oesophagus,' and o^wri, 'pain.' Pain in the oeso-
phagus.
CESOPHAGOPATIII'A, Movhua (Eaoph'ogi,
from ot(TO(piiYo;, 'the oesophagus,' and va9os,
'disease.' A morbid condition of the oesopha-
gus.
(ESOPHAGOPLE'GTA, Dyaphn'gin pnrahjt'-
icn, LfEmoparalifaia, from oiaoliayoi, ' the oeso-
phagus,' and vXriyn, ' a stroke.' Paralysis of the
oesophagu'.
(ESOPHAGORRIIAG'TA, from oi<To0ayo<;, ' the
oesophagus,' and pnytt, 'a rupture. Hemorrhage
from the oesophaL'us.
(ESOPHAGORRIICE'A, from oi(ro0«yoj. 'the
oeso;)hagus,' and ptw, 'I flow.' Discharge of
blooil or niucn^ from the oesoph.agus.
(ESOPHAGOSPAS'MUS, from oi(ro0«yof, 'the
oesophagus,' and (rraofios, 'spasm.' Spasm of the
oesoTihagus.
CESOPHAGOT'OMY. (Eanpha.jotnm'la, from
OKjotpnyoi, ' tlie oesojjhagus,' and rinvtiv, ' to cut.'
An incision made into the a'sophagus for tiie
purpose of oxtrai-ting foreign bodies from it.
CESOPII'AGUS, from o/w, ' future' oiiroj, 'I
carry,' and ^ayw, ' I cat;' (Jidn, Fia'nda cil>a'liH,
Fia'tnhi seu Iii/niidil/idiiin Veiitric'idi, Via >il"m'.
achi et ventria, Oliittua. The G'ldlrl, (Prov.)
Wizen. A musculo-membraiious canal, cylin-
drical, and depressed from before to beliind,
which extends from the inferior extremity of the
pharynx to the u])per orifice of the stomach. ,U
its origin, it is situate in the median line; but
beneath the larynx, it devjates to the left, and in
the chest experiences ditforent redections. In
its cervical portion, it corresponds, behind, with
the spine; before, with the larynx and trachea:
and, at the sides, it is close to the i)rimitivc caro-
tids, internal jugular veins, par vaguni, recur-
rent nerves, &c. In its inferior or thoracic por-
tion, the oesophagus is entirely contained In the
posterior mediastinum : and enters the abdomen
through the oesophageal aperture, Pora'men »kii-
phatje'nm, of the diaphragm. The oesophagus
is composed of a very strong miisoulnr layer,
sometimes called Tunica rayina'/ia r/idtp ; formed,
itself, of two sets of fibres, the external being
general longitudinal, the internal transverse or
annular. 2. Of a mucous membrane which is
soft, fine, thin, and while, especially at its lower
part. It is continuous, above, with the mucous
membrane of the pharynx. The mucous folli-
cles, found beneath it, are not numernu?, and
have been called (Eanphaycal ylanda. The arte-
ries of the oesophagus proceed, in the neck, from
the thyroid ; in the chest, from the bronchial ar-
teries and directly from the aorta; — in the abdo-
men, from the inferior phrenic, and coronaria
ventriculi. Its veins empty themselves into the
inferior thyroid, the vena cava superior, the in-
ternal inammary, azygos, bronchial, phrenic, and
coronaria ventriculi. Its lymphatics pass into
the ganglia surrounding it. Its nerves are afforded
bj^ the pharyngeal and pulmonary plexuses; by
the cardiac nerves; the thoracic ganglia, and,
especially, by the pneumogastrics and their re-
current branches.
ffisopHAous StTccEVTiiRiATDS, Pharvngoccle.
CESTROMANIA, Nymphomania.
CRSTRUATIOX, Orgasm, see Heat.
CESTRUM, Clitoris,
CEsTRliM Vbn'eris, (E. venc'reum, (Ealnia
vene'rciiH ; from oioTfio;, <ealrua, 'a violent impulse
or desire.' A veheuient desire for sexual inter-
course. Orgasm. With some, oeatnim signifies
Clitoris.
(ESTRUS, Clitoris, see Ectozoa — oe. Venereus,
CE'itruni venereum.
(E'SYPUS, from oif, 'a sheep.' The greasy
matter of unwashed wool; formerly employed in
friction in diseased joints.
(ErrPS. Ova.
OFFICE, PHYSICIAN'S or SURGEOX'S,
latrion.
OFFICINA, Pharmacopolium.
OFFICINAL, Officina'lia, from officini, for
opificlua, (from opifex {opna and /acio,) 'a work-
man,') 'a shop.' An epithet for medicines found
in the shop of the apothecary, ready prepared —
uaua'lia ; in opposition to mnyiatnd or eitempu-
ranenua, — those prepared after the prescription of
the physician.
OFFIUM, Affion, Opium.
OFFSPRING, Epigone.
OFFUSCATIO, Amaurosis.
OGLA, Oogala.
OGXOX
647
OINTMENT
00 SOS, a Corn— o. Mann, Scilla.
OIH'O. MINERAL WATERS OF. Yellow
Siii'iii;/ is «■ chalybeate, gituate in Greene county,
6+ miles from Cincinnati. It is somewhat fre-
qiiiMiteil.
OIDIUM ARORTIFACIEXS, see Ergot— o.
AII)iiMtis, Aphthaphyte — o. Schoenleini, see Por-
rigo fiivosia.
OII'I. Sorbns domestica.
OKISOS, Allium cepa.
OIKKIOMANIA, (Ecimnanin.
OIL, O'leniii, E/(P.'"ii, cXinov, (F.) Hiiilc ; from
iXaia, 'the olive.' A coUcnrtive ririme, under which
two clnsHes of fluids are included, very different
from each other : those belonging to tlie one class,
lire via(^id, mawkish or almost insipid: those of
the otlier are nearly devoid of viscidity, and are
ciiustic and very volatile. The former are called
flit or fired oili ; the latter volatile or essential
oiln or eiseiices.
Oil, see Ricinus communis.
Oil OP Al.MONDS, Oleum amygdalarum — o. of
bitter Almonds, Oleum amygdahc amariie — o. of
Amber, rectified, see Succinum — o. of Anda, see
Anda — o. Animal, Oleum animale — • o. Animal,
(if Dippcl, Oleum animale Dipjielii — o. of Ba}',
Daphnclason — o. of Rays, Oleum laurinum — o.
ami Beeswax, Unguentum cerce — o. of Hen, see
Ouilnndina moringa — o. of Benjamin or Benzoin,
Oleum iien/.oini — o. Benne, see Sesamum orien-
talo — o. of Bergamot, see Bergamot.
Oil, BriiTisil. An empirical preparation often
used in cases of sprains. A committee of the
Pliiladelphia College of Pharmacy recommended
the following form for its preparation. — 01. Tere-
binth.. 01. Liiii nuitalis. afi f ,^iij. 01. Snrriiii.,
01. Juniper, ila, f^^iv. Petrol, linrhadeus. f^iij,
Petrol. American. (Seneca Oil.) f§j. M.
Oil of Cacao, Butter of Cacao — o. of Cade,
see Jiiniperus Oxycedrus — o. Carron, Linimentuin
nqusB calcis — o. of the Cashew nut, see Anacar-
dium occidentale — o. Castor, see Ricinus com-
)nunis — o. of Chabert, Oleum animale empyreu-
mnticum Chaberti — o. of Cinnamon, see Laurus
cinnamomum — o. of Cloves, Eugenia caryophyl-
liita — o. Cod, 0. Jecoris aselli — o. Codliver, 0.
Jccoris aselli — o. of Copaiba, Oleum Copaib.e — o.
Cornspirit, Oil, fusel — o. of Cubebs, see Piper
cubeba — o. of Cypress, Cyprinum oleum — o. of
Dill, see Anethum graveolens — o. Dippel's, Oleum
animale I)i|)pelii — o. of Egg, see Ovum — o. Ethe-
real, Oleum ..■Ethereum — o. Flaxseed, see Linum
usitiitissimum.
Oil, FliSKL, Al'cohol ami/ricnm (Ph. D.), Fon-
«el oil, Pota'lo oil. (train nil. Cornnpirit nil. Po-
to'to spirit oil. Oil nf potatoes. Amiil'ic al'rohol,
Hy'il rated oxide o/ami/le, ( (U.) F u sel, an epithet
for poor brandy.) An acrid volatile oil, formed
in the manufacture of potato brandy, and which
is not easily separable from it. Its chemical
Constituti(m is analogous to that of alcohol. It
exhales a powerful and peculiarly suffocating
odour. S. g. -818. In small doses it is highly
stimulating, — acting like narcotics in general. In
large doses it destroys the mucous membrane of
the stomach. It is used by the Dublin College
in the preparation of Sodas valerianas.
Oil, Ohaiv, Oil. fusel.
Oil, IIaehlkh. An empirical preparation sup-
posed to ccuisist chiefly of petroleum, turpentine,
and lialsam of sulphur. Used internally in renal
and rheumatic affections.
On,, KiuiMHor.z, see Pinus mughos — o. of Le-
mons, see Citrus mediea — o. Lily, see Liliuni
candidum — o. of Mace, expressed, see Myristica
— o. of J[astiph. see Pistacia Lentiscus — o. of
Mucilages, Oleum o inucilaginibus — o. Neats-
fuot, Oleum bubulum — o. of Nicodemus, Nico-
demi oleum — o. Nut, Juglans cinerea — o. of Nut-
megs, see Myristica nioschata — o. Olive, Oleum
olivic — o. Palm, see Cocos butyracea — o. Paper,
Pyrothoni<le — o. Parsley, A\)U>] — o. Pennyroyal,
see Ileileoma pulegioides — o. of Pike, Oleum lucii
pisci-s — o. of Potatoes, Oil, fusel — o. Potato, Oil,
fusel — 0. Potato spirit. Oil, fusel — o. Rag, Pyro-
thonide — o. Red, see Hypericum perforatum — o.
Rock. Petroleum — o. of Rose Geranium, Oleum
graminis Indici — o. of Roses, see Rosa centifolia
— o. of Rue, Peganelaeon, see Ruta — o. Skateiiver,
see Oleum Jecoris aselli — o. of Spike, Oleum tere-
bintliinae — o. of St. .lohn's Wort, see Hypericum
pert'oratutn — o. Salad, Oleum olivae — o. of Scor-
yiion, see Scorpion — o. Seneca, Petroleum, New
York — o. of Spike, sec Lavandula spica — o. of
Spikenard, Oleum graminis Indici — o. Sulphu-
retted, Balsamum sulphuris simplex — <>. of Tar-
tar, I/uiuor potassa; subcarlionatis — o. of Tobacco,
Oleum tabaci — o. of Turpentine, Oleum terebin-
thinae — o. of Turpentine, rectified. Oleum tere-
binthinsE rectificatum — o. of Valerian, Oleum
valerianre — o. of Vitriol, Sulphuric acid — o. of
Wine, Oleum aclhereum.
Oils, Animal, Olea animalin — o. Distilled, Olea
volatilia — o. Empyreumatic. Olea empyreuraatica
— o. Es.'-.ential, Olea volatilia — o. Ethereal, Olea
volatilia — o. Expressed, Olea fixa — o. Fatty, Olea
fixa — o. Fixed. Olea fixa — o. Fugacious, Olea fu-
gacia — o. Medicinal, Olea medicinalia — o. Vola-
tile, Olea volatilia.
OILY, Oleaginous — o. Grain, Sesamum orient-
ale.
OTNOMANIA. CEnomania.
OINOS KRITIIES, Ccrevisia.
OINTMENT, Unguentum— 0. Antimonial, Un-
guentum antimonii — o. of Antimony, tartarized,
Unguentum antimonii.
Ointment, Auskn'ical, of Sir Astley Cooper.
This is made of arsenions acid ^j ; sulphur, ^j :
spermiieeti cerate, ^j. It is spread on lint, and
applied to cancerous sores.
OiNTMF.NT, Basiliton, Unguentum resina; — n.
Bay, Unguentum laurinum — o. of Belladonna.
Unguentum bellad(mna? — o. Blister, Cerate of
cantharides — o. Blistering, green, Unguentum
lyttie medicatum — o. Blistering, milder, Unguen-
tum lyttiT! — o. Blistering, yellow, Unguentum
lytfae medicatum aliud — o. Blue, Unguentum
hydrargyri — o. Citrine. Unguentum hydrargyri
nitratis — o. of Cocculus Indicus, Unguentum coe-
cnli — o. of Creasote. Unguentum crcasoti — o. Cu-
cumber, see Cucumis sativus — o. Cyrillo's. Un-
guentum muriatis hydrargyri oxygenati medica-
tum— o. Digestive, simple, Unguentum digesti-
vum simjdex — o. Edinburgh, see Unguentum
veratri — o. Elder, Unguentum sambuci — o. of
Elemi, Unguentum clemi compositum — o. for the
Eyes, (Smellome's,) see Ceratum resinae — o. of
Galls, Unguentum gallre— o. of Galls, compound,
Unguentum gallas compositum — o. Garlic, see
Allium — o. of Geranium, Oleum graminis Indici
— o. Gingergrass of Nemaur. Oleum graminis
Indici — o. Golden, Unguentum hydrargyri nitri-
co-oxidi — o. Golden, Singleton's, see Singleton's
gidden ointment — o. Gmilnrd's, Ceratum plumld
compositum — o. (irass of Nemaur, Oleum grami-
nis Indici — o. Green, Unguentum sambuci — o.
Hellebore, white, Unguentum veratri — o. of Hetn-
lock, Unguentum conii — o. of Hydriodate of Potas.^.
Ungiientum potassae hylriodatis — o. of Iodide of
Lead. Unguentum plumbi iodidi— o. of Iodide of
Mercury. Unguentum hydrargyri iodidi — o. of
red Iodide of Mercury. Unguentum hy<lrarsyri
iodidi rubri — o. of Iodide of Sulphur. ITnguen-
tuni sulphuris iodidi — o. of Iodine. Unguentum
lodini — o. of Iodine, compound. Unguentum
iodini compositum — o. Issue. Dr. Physick's. see
Unguentum lyttas medicatum aliud — o. Itch,
OlOCALYMMA
648
OLE A VOLATILIA
Ungiientum sulphuris compnsitura — o. Itch, Biii-
Icy'i', sec Uiiguentuiu sulphuriUiini ad scabiein —
o. Itch, Batoiiian's, see Unniientiim sulphuratuin
alcaliiuiin ad scabiciu — o. Itch, Ilclruerick's, Un-
giieiitiirn sulphuratuiu alraliiunn ad scahiciii — o.
Itch, Jackson's, Unguentuin sulphuris composi-
tuiu — (). Lead, compound, Unjruciitinn plumbi
compositnni — o. of white oxide of Lead, Unguen-
tuin oxidi plumbi albi — o. of Lydia, Bacaris — o.
Miirshmallow, Unguentuin de althica — ■ o. Mer-
curial, Unguentuiu hydrargyri — o. Mercurial,
milder, see Ungueiitum hydrargyri — o. Mercurial,
strong, see Unguentura hydrargyri — o. of nitrate
of Mercury, Unguentuni hydrargyri nilratis — o.
of gray oxide of Mercury, Unguentura oxidi hy-
drargyri cinerei — o. of nitric oxyd of Mercury,
llnguentuui hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi — o. of
Slezercon, Uiiguentum niezerei — o. of Nitrous
acid, Unguentura acidi nitrosi — o. of Pitch,
Unguentura resinae nigrsB — o. of Pitch, black,
Unguentuni resiniB nigr;B — o. Plunkett's, for
cancer. Plunkett's ointment — o. red Precipitate,
Unguentura hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi — o. of
■white Precipitate, Unguentura hydrargyri prac-
cipitati alhi — o. Resin, Ceratuui resin* flavae
— o. Resin, black, Unguentuni resinaj nigrae
— 0. of Rosewater, Unguentuin aquaD rosa3 —
I). Soldier's, Martiatuiu unguentura — o. of
Spanish .flies, Cerate of Cantharides, Ungu-
entuin lyttae — o. Spermaceti, Unguentura ce-
tacei — o. of Stramonium, Unguentura stranionii
— o. of Subacetate of copper, Unguentuni sub-
acetatis cupri — o. of Sugar of lead, Unguentuin
plumbi superacetatis — o. Sulphur, Unguentura
.•sulphuris — 0. Sulphur, compound, Unguentuin
sulphuris coniposituin — o. Tar, Unguentura picis
liquidie — o. Tartar emetic, Unguentuin antimonii
— o. T(d)acco, Unguentura Tabaci — -o. Tutty, Un-
guentuni oxidi zinci iinpuri — o. V^erdigris, Ungu-
entuin subacetatis cupri — o. Wax, Unguentuin
ccne — o. White, Unguentuin oxidi plumbi albi —
o. Zinc, Unguentuni zinci — o. of impure oxide of
Zinc. Unguentura oxidi zinci inipuri.
OiOCALYM'MA, O'iocahjp'tmm ; from wiov,
laov, 'egg,' and KaXvirretv, 'to cover;' Jlfemhra'iia
O'viili coitlca'lia. The membrane of the egg-
shell.
OKH.\, Hibiscus esculentus.
OLD AGE, Senectus.
OLD MAN. Artemisia abrotanuin.
OLD WIFE'S SHIRT, Liriodendron.
OLEA ANIMA'LIA, Animal oi/s, (F.) iruiles
aiiliiinles. A name given to fixed oils holding in
solution the mucilaginous and gelatinous princi-
ji!es of certain animals, as the Oil of fro//n, Oil
of 8corpio}is, Oil of npiders, &c. Sometimes,
also, the term (iniinnl nils is given to empyreu-
niatie oils, produced during the decomposition of
animal substances V\y heat.
Olka Dkstillata, 0. Volatilia.
Olea Empyrbumat'ica, Emptjreumfit'ie oils,
(F. ) Hnilen empi/reniiKitiqiien o\l pt/rof/eiieen, P)f-
relniiu's. Oils which have an empyreumatic or
Viurnt smell. They are obtained by treating vege-
t ible or animal matters by heat, in close vessels.
They do not exist in organized bodies, but are
fiirmed during their decomposition by fire. The
animal oil of Dippel is an empyreumatic oil.
Olra Eiirop.e'a, O.snti'va sen htncifo'lia seu
poli/nior'pha seu Giil'Hca, Oli'va, Olive tree,
cXaia, fJ/iP.'a, (F.) Olivier; (Fruit) Olive. Nat.
Old. Jasinineae. <SV.r. Sij«t, Diandria Monogy-
nia. The leaves of the olive are bitter, and an
extract prepared from them, and a substance
called olivi'na, the bitter principle of the leaves,
have been given in Italy as antiperiodics. The
fruit, when pickled, is extremely grateful to some
ptoinachs. Olives, as met with in the shops, are
prepared from the green, unripe fruit, repeatedly
steeped in water. To this, some quicklime or
alkaline salt is added, and, afterwards, they are
washed and preserved in a pickle of common salt
and water. From this fruit is prepared llie Olive
oil or Salad oil of the Pharinacopadas, which is
obtained by grinding and pressing the olives,
when thoroughly rijie. The finer and purer oil
issues first by gentle pressure, and the inferior
sort on heating what is left, and pressing it more
strongly. Sec Oleum Olivw. In Calabria, an
odorous resin exudes from its trunk, which is
employed as a perfume by the Neapolitans.
A gum flows from certain wild olives, in warm
countries, which consists, according to Pelletier,
of a resin, a little benzoic acid, and a jieculinr
substance, called Olivile. It is in yellow masses,
of a slightly acrid taste, and of a vanilla smell.
It is called Olice (/iiiiiiiii, 0. rcni'ua, and 0. ImiIh'-
anitiiii, (F.) Oowiiic olivier, and is esteemed astrin-
gent and detersive.
Olka Fixa sku Pin'gi'ia, Exprenned, Fll'd
or Fatty oils, (F.) Hiiilcs fu-es ou (//■</»«<■«, OUoh.
All the oils obtained from the seeds or pericarps
of vegetables, without distillation, and which are
viscid, but slightly odorous and sapid; lighter
than water, and insoluble in alcohol. The ran-
cidity of oils depenils on the absorption of oxy-
gen, and therefore they should be kept in bulk
as much as possible, and in narrow-necked bot-
tles, so that a very small surface only can bo ex-
posed to the air. All the fixed oils are emollient,
and, in a certain dose, they act as purgatives and
emetics. They are prepared by expressing the
fruit or seed containing them.
Olka Fuga'cia, Fiaja'ciotm oils, (F.) Hitihs
ftiqaces. A name given to oils which are so vo-
latile that, in order to obtain them, recourse must
be had to a different process from that employed
for other essential oils. Such are the oils of jes-
samine, lily, violet, &c.
Oi.EA Gallica, 0. Europaa — o. Lancifolia, 0.
Europsea.
Olka Medicina'lia, Med{c"innl oils, (F.)
Hiiiles jMediciiiales, EUoUs, Solution par let
hniles. A name given to oils prepared by mace-
rating, infusing, or boiling medicinal substances
in olive or any other fixed oils. These oils may
then be regarded as oily solutions of certain
medicinal substances; whence they can never be
simple. They have, however, been divided into
simple and conipoinal medirinrd oils. To the
former belong the Oils of St. Joint's wort, of the
Sidauum ni;/nim, Ac; to the other — which have
often been called Oih/ balsams, (F.) Banmes hni-
leiix— the Balsams of Fioraventi, Mflz, Ac. Me-
dicinal oils are, almost always, employed exter-
nally.
Olka Polymorpha, 0. Europaoa— o. Saliva, 0.
Europaea.
Olka Volatil'ia, 0. destilla'ta, yFlli-ro'len,
Vol'atile, Ftlie'real. Essential, or Dlstd'h.d oils,
Es'senres, (F.) Hniles volatiles OU essetitielles oU
disfillees ou ithirees, oleolats, olfitles, oleoles.
Oils found in aromatic vegetables, and in every
part of them, except in the interior of the seeds.
The majority are obtained by distillation ; but
some by expression. They possess unctuosity,
inflammability, and viscidity, like the fixed oils;
but they are generally odoriferous, pungent, and
acrid. The greater part are lighter than water;
but some are heavier, and congeal at a modernto
temperature. They dissolve, in small quantity,
in distilled water, hy simple agitation. Almost
all are soluble in alcohol. The odour and taste
are the usu.al tests of their goodness. To preserve
them, thev should be kept in a cool place, in
small bottles, quite full and well corked. Vola-
tile oils are possessed of the aromatic properties
I of the plants whence they are obtained. TLcy
OLEAGINOUS
649
OLEUM CEDRINUM
are all, when applied externally, stimulant and
rubefacient. Pliaruiaceutical preparations, in
whiuli sulintances are dissolved in volatile oils,
(F.) Sill III ioim par les huiles volutiles, are termed
by Bfiral, J/i/ro/e».
0LP:AO"iN0US, Olempiio'HiiR, Oleo'aus, (F.)
Oleiiijiiienx ; t'rimi oleum, ' u\\.' Oily : containing
oil, — as 'an (iledijhioiin or oilif mixture.'
OLKA'MEN, Olcamen'iiim. Same etymon.
f Any Hott ointment prepared of oil. — Seribonius.
OLI'jAXDKR, Rhododendron chrysanthemum.
0 li K C R A N A R T 11 R I'TIS, from olecravo,,,
apdoor, 'joint,' and iti'n, denoting iniiammation.
Inflanunation of the elbow joint.
OLECRANARTIIROC'ACE, from uXeKpavov,
'the olecranon,' aji^pov, 'articulation,' and kukiu,
'vice or diseas^e.' Inflammation of the articular
surfaces of the elbow. — Rust.
OLECRAN'IAL, (F.) Olecranien. Relating
or bel(in;;ing to the olecranon.
OLKCRANOID CAVITY, see Ulna.
OLECl'HANON, Otecra'ium, Olec'riinum, Olec'-
raiiDii niolj'i/e ; from u)\ev>i, ' the elbow,' and Kfia-
vov, ' the head.' Acrnle'iiinn, AJditiimen'tiim iie-
cn'liiiii, Aii<'"ii. Proccs'iiiiii aiicone' us seu uncina'tus,
Olaun sen Cui-o'nn scu Ui>n>'nn poHterlor seu Ad-
ditnmeu'liiin iiiicu'tum Ulna, Vertex Cii'biti, Pn-
tel'Ui fi-rn, Roatnim exter' njun seU poste'riim, Tap
of the cubit. Head or protection of the elbow.
A large process at the ujipor extremity of the
ulna, on which wc lean. When this jirocess is
fractured, it is apt to be drawn up by the triceps,
and much care is required to keep the parts in
apposition.
OLEFIANT GAS, CHLORIDE OF, see Ana>s-
tbetic.
OLEIN, see Fat — o. Codliver, see Oleum je-
coris aselli.
OLENE, Ulna.
OLKO-CERATUM, Cerate— o. c. Aqua subac-
tum, Ceratum Galeni.
OLEO-CEROLE, Cerate.
OLEO-CEROLE RESIXEUX, Unguentum.
OLKOLA TS, Olea volatilia.
OLKOLKS, Olea volatilia.
OLEOLS, Olea fix a.
OLEOSA ecu A ROLE, Elajosaccharum.
OLEOSACCHARUM, Eltcosaccharum.
OLEOSUS, Oleaginous.
OLERA, see Lachnnon.
OLETTE, MINERAL WATERS OP. At
Olettc, in the department Pyrenees Orientales, is
a thernnil sjiring, which raises the thermometer
to 190° Fahr. It is the hottest in France.
OLEILES, Olea volatilia.
OLEUM, Oil — o. Abictis, see Pinus pieea — o.
Absinthii, Artemisia absinthium, (oil of) — o.
Aeusticum, fluile ncoiivlique.
Olkum iRriiK'RKUM, Spir'ititi cs'lhen's oleo'stin,
jEthe'real oil {formed in the dintilbition of ether),
Oleum vini, OH (f wine, Henvij oil of wine. Sweet
oil of rit'i-iol, (F.) Hiiile douce de rin. A pecu-
liar oleaginous matter, obtained by continuing
the distillation, after the whole of the sulphuric
ether has passed over in the process for the pre-
paration of the latter. It is used only as an in-
gredient in the compound spirit of ether. It is
officinal in the Ph. U. S.
Olkum Ammoniatum, Linimentum ammonia)
fortius.
Oletm Amvg'pal.e AstA'R.f;, Oil of Bitter
Almonds. An oil, obtained by distilling with
water the kernels or the fruit of Amygdnlus com-
munis— variety, Amara. Its action is like that
of hydrocj'anic acid — four drops having destroyed
a dog. Dose, a quarter of a drop to a drop. A
drop to a fluidounce of water forms a wash,
which has been used in Prurigo senilis, and other
forms of itching.
Oleum AMVGDALA'nuM, Oleum, (nni/i/'ddlce, Oil
of Almonds, (F.) Unite d'tnnandef. {Expressed
from hoth sweet and hitter almonds, — Amijydalua
communis.) §xvj of iilmonds yield ^v of oil. It
is inodorous, insipid, and of a pale straw colour,
and is employed as a demulcent and emollient.
Oleum Anacaudii, see Anacardium occiden-
tale.
Oleum Anima'le, An'imal oil. (F.) Huile ani-
mole. An oil obtained by the decomposition of
the immediate principles of animals, subjected to
the action of heat. It is fetid, and always con-
tains a certain quantity of subcarbonate of am-
monia. See Olea Flmpyreumatica. The name
animal oil is sometimes also given to the fat con-
tained in the fatty vesicles. The composition of
this fat does not, indeed, differ from that of the
fixed oil.
Olkum Anima'le Dippe'lii, 0. comn cervi, 0.
0. C. rectijira'tuni, 0. pi/ro-aiu'ma'le depnra'tum
seu anima'le cethe'reum, I'yro'leum os'sinm recti-
Jiva'tnm, Animal oil, Animal oil of Dippel, (F.)
Huile animale de Dippel ou de come de cerf, is
obtained by distilling animal matters, especially
hartshorn, on the naked fire. The subcarbonate
of ammonia, which it contains, renders it partly
soluble in water, and communicates to it the
stimulant properties for which it is used in medi-
cine. It is employed as an antispasmodic.
Olkitm Anima'li? Empykeumat'icum Chabeb'-
Tl, 0. Einpi/rcumiit' iciini seu anthclmin'ticiim seu
contra tat'niain Chaher'ti, Empi/reuinat' ic oil of
Uhalert, Oil of Chahert, (F.) lluile anthelmin-
tiqne de Chahert, is made by adding one part of
animal oil to three Jiarts of oil <f turpentine,
leaving them to combine for four days, and thea
distilling three parts. An effective anthelmintic.
Dose, a teaspoonful three times a day.
Oleum Animaliza'tum per Infusio'xVem, (F.)
Huile aiiinialisee ]mr infusion, H. aromatique
ou de petits chiens. A preparation, formerly
esteemed tonic and cephalic. It was obtained
by boiling new-born puppies in oil. first depriv-
ing them of their blood, skin, and intestines.
When the decociion was cold, origanum, thyme,
pennyroyal, St. John's wort, and marjoram were
added.
Olkum Anist, see Pimpinella nnisum — o. An-
thelminticum Chaberti, Oleum animale empyreu-
maticum Chaberti — o. Anthemidis, see .Anthemis
nobilis — o. Aurantii, see Citrus aurantiuin — o.
Ralaninum, Guiiandina moringa (oleumj — ou
Balsami,,see Amyris opobalsanium.
Oleum Benzo'ini, OH of Benzoin or Benjamin.
An oil obtained by heating, in a sand-bath, the
matter which remains after benzoic acid has been
separated from benzoin by the aid of heat. It
has been regarded as balsamic and sudorific.
Oleum Bekgamii, see Rergamot.
Olkum Bu'bulum, Neat's-foot oil, (F.) Huile
de pieds de hwuf. It is obtained by boiling in
water for a long time the feet of the beef — Boa
domes'ticns — previously deprived of the hoof. It
is introduced into the officinal list of the Ph. U.
S. as an ingredient of the ointment of nitrate of
mercury.
Oleum Cacao Spissatum, Butter of Cacao —
o. Cadinum, see .Tuniperus oxyccdnis — o. Caju-
puti, Caieput (oil) — o. Caniphoratum, Linimen-
tum cainpliorfe — o. Cari seu Carui, Cnrura (oleum)
— o. Caryophylli, see Eugenia caryophyllata.
Oleum Ced'rin'UM, Ei-sentia de redro, (F.)
Huile de cedrat. The oil of the peel of citrons,
OLEUM CHABERTI
C50
OLFACTIF
obtained in Italy in a particular miuiner, withoui
distillation.
Oi.EUM Chabrrti, 0. aniiuale einpyreumaticum
Chaberti — o. Chenopodii, see Clienopodium aii-
tbehuinticuni — o. Ciciniun, sec Rieiiius connnu-
nis — o. Cinnamomi, see Laurus cinnainuinuin —
o. Contra Tseniain Chaberti, Oleum animale em-
pyreuinaticum Chaberti.
Oleum Copa'ib.e, Oil of Uopa'ibn. (Copaih.
tbij ; Aqua, cong. iv. Distil three gallons ; sepa-
rate the oil; return the water to the copaiba, and
again distil three gallons. Separate the oil, and
add it to the other. Ph. U. S.) Dose, gtt. x to
XXX.
Oleum Cobnu Cervi, 0. animale Dippelii — o.
Cubebte, see Piper cubebae — o. Euphorbi* lathj'-
ridis, see Euphorbia lathyris — o. Fixum nucum
cocos butyraceae, see Cocos butyracea — o. Foeni-
cuii, see Anethum — o. Gabianuin, Petroleum — o.
Gallinfe, Alkale — o. GaultheriiC, see Gaultheria
— o. Hedeom;L>, see Hedeoina pulegioidcs — o. Hy-
perici, see Hypericum perforatum — o. Infernale,
Jatropha curcas (oil).
Oleum Gram'inis iN'nici, Gntss-oil of Nemaur,
Giiigerijrass oil, called, by the perfumers, oil of
gera'iiium, and oil of rose (jerauiitm, and occa-
sionally sold as oil of spi/ceiiiird, is obtained from
Andropoi/iin cdlamtiK (iroiiKiliciis of India. It is
used as a perfume, and like the essential oils in
general.
Oleum Jec'oris Asel'li, 0. Mnr'rhnai seu
Jec'oria MnvrhttcB seu Jecin'oiii Aselli, A.cnu'gin
Gn'di, A. Piici'iia maii'nd, Codliver oil, Cod oil,
(F.) Haile de morue ou de Foie de monie. The
animal oil, which appears under this name in
commerce, is obtained from several of the species
belonging to the genus (Jadus. The Cod, Godus
mor'rhua ; the Dorse or IJorsch, Gadim Culla' riits,
Morrhiin Aiiicricn'na ; the Coalfish, Gadiis cnr-
boua'riiiH ; the Burbot. Giidnn lota, Lota vuh/a'ris ;
the Pollock. G'idiis pulla'chiiis ; the Ling, Lota
vtolva ; the Torsk, Bros'miiw viih/a'ris. There is
reason also to believe, that on the American
coast it is obtained, also, from the Hake. Godiis
uterine' eins, and the Haddock, Gadiia aijlif nits.
The clearest sorts are generally used. An excel-
lent eutrophic, in tuberculous and strumous affec-
tions, rheumatism, chronic cutaneous diseases,
and tumours of the raamniEB, Ac. The dose for
an adult is from f^'j t" f.^iss.
Cod lit)er oleiii, prepared by subjecting codliver
oil to a low temperature and separating the olein
by pressure, has been used in the same cases as
the oil.
,'^kate liver oil, O'letim ra'im, obtained from
Jla'ia batis and It. clava'ta, is used in the same
cases and doses.
Oleum .Iecoris Morrhu>*;, Oleum jeeoris
aselli — o. Juniperi, see Juniperis communis — o.
Juniperi empyreumaticum, see Juniperus oxyce-
drus — o. de Kerva, see Rieinus communis — o.
Kervinum, see Rieinus communis.
Oleum Lauri'.num, 0. lattri, Oil of layi.
An oil obtained from bayberries, and sometimes
used in sprains and bruises, unattended with in-
flammation.
Oleum Laurinum, Daphnelaeon, ITnguentum
Jj. — o. Lavandulas, see Lavandula — o. Lentisci-
num. Sehinelae'in — o. Liinonis, see Citrus medica
— o. Lini. see Linum usitatissimum — o. Lini cum
calce, Lininientum aquaj calcis.
Oleum Lr'cit Piscis, Oil of Pike. From the
liver of the E>«ix htcitis an oil is spontaneously
separated, which is used in some countries to de-
stroy specks on the cornea.
Oleum Macidis, see Jilyristiea.
Olrum Malabathri, see Malabntbrum — o.
Mari;e, see Fagara octandra — o. Mastichinuin,
see Pistacia lentiscus — o. Melaleucae leucodendri,
Caioput (oil) — o. I\IcnthiT> piperita*, sec Mentha
piperita — o. Menthic viridis, Mentha viridis — o.
MonardiB, Monarda punctata — o. Morrliuie, 0.
jeeoris aselli.
Ol.KUM E MuClLAGIN'lBUR, Oil of Mti'rlliii/rn.
(Had. ttlllicBce rec. tbss; sent, lini, setit. ftrtnttirarl,
afi ^iij ; aqita, Oij. Boil for half an hour; add
ol. oliv. Oiv ; continue the boiling till the waior
is nearly consumed, and pour off the oil.) Kuiul-
lient.
Oleum MvniSTic.*;, see Myristica nioschntn —
o. Myristicie expressum, see Myristica — o. Ncroli,
see Citrus aurantium — o. Nucista-. see Myristica
— o. Nucistae Kthereum, see Myristica.
Oleum Oli'v^:, 0. olivn'riiin, Otire or ffidad
oil. An inodorous, insipid, and transjiarcnt oil ;
obtained by expression from the olive, when ripe.
It is demulcent and emollient, — possessing the
qualities of the fixed oils in general.
An inferior kind, obtained by boiling olives in
water, and skimming the oil from the surface, is
also used in Pharmacy. See Olea Europica.
Oleum Omphacinum, Omotribes — o. Origani,
see Origanum — o. Oxydi cupri viride, Balsam,
green, of MetT — o. de Palnia Christi, see Ricinua
communis — o. Palma\ see Cocos butyracea — o.
Palmic li(|uidum, see Rieinus communis — o. Pc-
tra>. Petroleum — o. Petrae album. Naphtha — o.
Picinum, Brutia, Pisselaeum — o. Pinientae, see
Myrtus pimenta — o. Pini j)urissimuin, 0. tcrc-
binthinw rectificatum — o. Pulcgii, sec IMentha
pulegium — o. Pyro-animale. 0. animale Dipju'lii
— o. Raire, see Oleum jeeoris aselli — o. liicini,
see Rieinus communis — o. Rosa), see Rosa ccn-
tifolia — o. Rosaruin, RhodeliEon — o. Rosniarini,
see Rosmarinus — o. Rutae, Peganelaeon — o. Rulae,
see Ruta — o. Sabinas, see Juniperus Sabina — o.
Sassafras, see Laurus sassafras — o. Scsaini, see
Sesamum orientale — o. Sinapis, see Sinapis — o.
Spicae, see Lavandula spica — o. Siiicic vulgaris,
0. terebinthinae — oi Succini, see Succinum — o.
Suceini rectificatum, see Succinum.
Oleum Suluhura'tum, Bal'satintm snlph'itn't
simpler, Snlph'ttrated oil. (Sitljiliiir. Int. ^^Ij ;
olivcp. olel, Ibj. Heat the oil in a large iron pot,
and throw in the sulphur by degrees ; stirring
the mixture after each addition till they unite.)
It is stimulating, and was formerly much used in
coughs, asthma, &c., and, externally, to foul
ulcers.
Olkitm Tab'aci, Oil of Tobiicro. Art empy-
reumatic oil, obtained from coarsely-powdered
tobacco by heating the retort to dull redness. —
Ph. U. S.
Oleum Tartari per Df.ltquium, Lirpior ])<^-
tassae subcarbonatis — o. Templinum, see Pinus
mughos.
Oleum TEREBiN'THiNyE, Oil of Tiirpniilne.
The volatile oil of the juice of pinus palustris,
and other species of pinus.
Oleum Terrbin'thin^k Rectifica'tum, 0. pinl
piiris'sitiiiim O. T. piirlfieo'tttm seu terehiit'thinm
cetJte'reitm, Rectified oil of tiirpeiithie, Sp. of I it r-
jientiite. Common oil of tnrppiitine is also called
Common oil of Spike, Oleum spiem ridiju're.
(Olei terehi tith . Oj ; itqned, Oiv. Distil over the
oil.) It is stimulant, <liuretic, anthelmintic, and
rubefacient. Dose, gtt. x to f^j-
Gnestonian Embrocation for rheumatism con-
sists of ol. terebinth., ol. olio, aa f^iss; acid
aulph. dil. f,^iij.
Oleum THROBROMyK Cacao Expressum, Butter
of cacao — o. Tiglii, see Croton tiglium.
Oleum Valkria'.v/e, Oil of Vale'rian. The
distilled oil of the root of Valeriana officinalis.—
Ph. U. S. Dose, four or five drops.
Oleum Vixi, 0. aethereum — o. Vitrioli, Sul-
phuric acid — o. Vitrioli dulce, iEther sulphuricuj.
OLFACTIF, Olfactory.
OLFACTION
651
OMASUM
OLFACTION,. O/A"^''"", from olfacere, olfac-
Uim. (ol/'re, 'to smell,' and yVicece, 'to miikc/) "to
emell ;' Oiphre'HlH, OH/iliru'si'i, Ouphre'sia, Oinie'-
iIh, Qitnni'tii), Odi)ii('liin, ScitmiH vniiioiiiet'ricui,
SmiHii of smell, Smtdliiirj, (F.) Odnriit. The sense
by which we perceive the iin|ire.'<fions iniide on
the oll'iictorj' nervef Ijy the odorous particles sus-
pended ill the iitinos|phere. The oir:ictory nerve
or first i)iiir has usually )»oen considered the great
nerve of suiell ; and it is i)r(diably the nerve of
ppecial sensiliility, general sensibility being cotn-
inunicatod by the brnnches of the fifth pair, dis-
tributed on the pituitary membrane of the nose
and sinuses.
OLFACTIVE. Olfactory.
OLFAC'TOHY, Olfnctive, O/farfi'vua, Ot/ncto'-
riM, Oi/jhran'ticiiK, Onjjhniute'riiis, Oxphre'ticus,
(F.) Olfdcdf. Same etymon. That which be-
lunsrs or relates to the sense of smell.
Oi.FACTOnY Bri.B, see Olfactory nerves.
Oi.fac'tohy Foham'ixa, (F.) Tious olfnclifg,
arc the holes in the cribriform plate of the' eth-
moid bone, through which the olfactory nerve
pasises.
Or.rACTOiiY Lobe, see Olfactory nerves.
Oi.KAC'torY Nkiivks, Ethmoid'nl nerves, Par
pn'miim Nervtrnim cer'ebri, Nervi odnrato'rii,
Prdcfu'mis vtaiiiilln'ves seu papilln'rimi seu
mniitillnres cer'ebri iid nnres seu jxijiilla'res, Ca-
riiu'cidcB nxttnilla' reH, — the Ji rut p<i i r of eiiceph a I' ic
nerves. This nerve, which probably arises from
the medulla oblongata, is observed to leave the
brain, opposite the inner part of the fissure of
Sylvius, by three roots; which, by their union,
form a triani^ular knot or expansion. AVhen it
reaches the ethmoid fossa it expands and forms
a triangular ganglion, or grayish, soft bulb, —
linlhuii (///'iirto' riiii,, Ol/dctriri/ bulb, tubercle, or
lobe, — which furnishes, from its inferior surface,
the branches that have to be distributed to the
nasal fossic. These filaments are very numerous ;
they [lass through the foramina in the cribriform
plate and enter the nasal fossic. They are dis-
tinguished into the iiiterind, ejcteninl, and middle.
The former are distributed over the mucous mem-
brane, covering the outer paries of the nasal
fossfe ; the second descend u|)on the septum, and
the third are lost, almost immediately, on the
porfi(m of the pituitary membrane that lines the
vault of the fossa;.
Oi.i'ArTouY TuBKiiCLE, See Olfactory nerves.
OLFACTUS, Olfaction— o. Acutus, Hyperos-
phresia — o. Amissio, Anosmia — o. Defieiens,
Annsinia — o. Depravatus, Parosmiii.
OLIIiANUM. see Juniperus lycia- — o. Sylves-
tre, see PInus abies — o. Vulgare, see Pinus abies.
OLItivEMIA, AnaMiiia, I[;umaporia, Hypiemia.
OLKJIDRIA, Ischidrosis.
OLItJO, from oAiyoj, 'few, little:' in composi-
tion has these significations.
OLICOBLKN'XIA. from oliyo, and (iXevva,
'mucus.' A deficiencv of mucus.
OLKiOCHOL'IA, from oli,jo, and ^o^*?, 'bi'e.'
Pnucitv of bile.
OLiGOCII'YLlIS, from ,.li;jn, and x^Xoi,
'.juice,' ' chyle.' An epithet for food which is but
little nutritive: which furnishes little chvle.
OLIO 0 COP' HI A, from oAiy-jj, 'few,' and
fovpos, 'excrement.' Scantiness ofalvine evacu-
ations.
OLIGOCYTH.E'MTA, from oligo, kvtou 'a
cell.'anii 'tufia, ' Ijlood.' A condition of the blood
m which there is paucity of reel corpuscles.
OLKiODAC'KYA. from o/.V/o, and Ju-cpu, 'a
tear ' Paucifv of lachrymal secretion.
OLTOOtJALArTIA. Airalactia.
OL1(!0(;.AT,[A. Agnlaxis.
OLld'OiLE-MI.V, Auajmia, Ilaemaporia, Ily-
paemia.
OLIGOPO'SIA, from oligo, and vocn, 'drink.'
Diminution in the quantity of drinks.
OLIGOPSYClirA. Imbecility.
OLIGOSIA'LIA, from oliijo, and ain\or, 'sali-
va.' Paucity of saliva.
OLIGOSPEK'MIA, from align, and aKenf,,,,
'sperm.' Paucity of spermatic secretion.
OLKJOSPOND'YLU.S, from align, 'small,' and
ff7roi/(5ii>of, 'a vertebra.' A monster with defective
vertebra-. — Gurlt.
OLIGOTRICiriA, from oligo, and 5p<f, 'hair.'
Want of hair. Paucity of hair.
OLIGOTKOPiriA, Par'ciar nvfrifio, from
align, and Tjitijiu), 'I nourish.' Deficient nourish-
ment.
OLIGURE'SIA, Olignre'aia, Olignnre'sis, Oli-
gnnre'aia, from align, and ovpcui, ' I pass urine.'
Morbidly diminished urinary secretion.
OLISTIIEMA. Luxation.
OLIVA. Olea Eurojia^a.
OLIV^, Corpora olivaria.
OLfVAniE, Olive-shaped.
Cantere OUraire, of the French surgeons, is a
canter}' whose extremity is terminated by a but-
ton having the sliapc of' an (dive.
OLIVARIS, Olive-shaped.
OLIVARY, Olive-shaped— o. Bodies, Corpora
olivaria.
Ol.'lVAHY Proc"ess, Proces'mis Olivn'ris, is a
small ridge, running transversely between, and a
little behind, the roots of the anterior elinoid pro-
cesses of the sphenoid bone, and by some consi-
dered as the fourth elinoid process.
OLIVE, see Olea Europsca — o. Tree, Olea
Europffia.
OLIVE-SHAPED, OHva'ris, Olirifar'mix, 01'-
ivnri/, (F.) Olivaire. Resembling an olive. See
Corpora olivaria.
OLIVES, PICKLED, Colymbades.
0/JV/E/i, Olea Europiea — a. de Boheme, Le-
dum palustre.
OLIVIFORMIS. Olive-shaped.
OLIVINA, see Olea Europwa.
OLLA CAPITIS. Cranium.
OLMITELLO. MINERAL WATERS OF. A
thermal spring in the isle of Ischia. Tempera-
ture. 1(10'' Fahrenheit.
OLOI'UL YCTIDE, Herpes.
OLOPIIO'NIA. from oAAu, .,A>ua), ' I lose,' and
0u)v)7, ' voice.' Congenital misconstruction of the
vocal organs. — Good.
Oloi'honia Labii Lobata, Harelip — o. Liu-
gum fricnata, see Ankyloglossum.
OLSNITIUM, Peucedanum palustre.
OLUS, Lachanon.
OLYMPIAN SPRINGS, see Kentucky, mine-
ral waters ot'.
OMA, w^d, in the termination of many words,
is perhaps derived from oi^oj, 'crude, wild, imper-
fect,' as in sarcojHCT, ather«»/n, Ae.
OMACEPH'ALUS, (F.) Omac^jih„le, from
uiiios, 'the shoulder,' and a«i/)«Xo?, 'devoid <if
head.' A genus of paracephalous monsters, with-
out any neck — a slight depression indicating the
limits of the head and body. — I. G. St. llilaire.
OM'AtJRA, Jlom'agra, from wiius, 'the shoul-
der,' and aypa, 'a seizure.' Gout in the shoulder.
OMAL'tilA, from oj^of, 'the shoulder,' and
aXyos, ']y,un.' Pain in the shouldar.
OMARTIIRI'TIS, from w^inf, 'the shoulder.'
npfijiov, 'a joint,' and itin, denoting inflammation.
Inflammation of the shoulder-joint.
OMARTHROC'ACE, from w^oj, 'shoulder,'
apdpov, 'a joint,' and «a<cof, 'bad.' Arthrocace of
the shoulder-joint. Caries or suppuration of the
shoulder-joint.
OMA'SUM, Omaiitis, J^funypliea, (Sc.) Mnni-
plies, JIuniiyplies, (F.) Feuillet, Millefeuillet,
OMBILIC
65 2
ONCOTOMY
Lii'ret, Psaiilier. The third stomach of ruminant
animals.
OMIilLIC, Umlnlicus.
OMIULIVAL, Umbilical.
0 Ml! RAGE, Nebula.
OMENTA, Menin^'Gs.
OMENTESIS, Epiploitis.
OMENTITIS, Epiploitis.
OMENTUTiA, Appendiculae pinguedinosfc.
OMENTUM, Epiploon— o. Coli.-um, Epiploon,
colic — 0. CTiistro-colicum, Ei)iploon, gastro-colic
— o. Giistro-splenic, Epiploon, gastro-splenic — o.
Great, Epiploon, gastro-colic — o. Hepato-gastri-
cum, Epiploon, gastro-hepatic — o. Lesser, Epi-
jiloon, gastrii-hepatic — o. Majus, Epiploon, gastro-
colic— o. Minus, Epiploon, gastro-hepatic — o.
Ossium, Periosteum — o. Sac of the, see Epiploon,
gastro-hepatic — o. Third, Epiploon, colic.
OMICHESrS, Micturition.
OMICHMA, Urine.
OMI'TIS, from w/joj, 'the shoulder,' and ith,
denoting inflammation. Inflammation in or about
the shoulder-joint.
OMMA. Eye, Vision.
OMNIPIIAGUS, Omnivorous.
OMNIVORE, Omnivorous.
OMNIVOROUS, Omiiiv'orus, Ommph'agus,
Poiitoph'ngus, (F.) Oinnivore, from omnis, 'all,'
and voro, 'I eat.' An epithet for animals — Pan-
toph'arpKts — which eat every kind of food, animal
or vegetable.
OMO. In the composition of anatomical
terms, an abridgment of omus or omus, the hu-
merus.
OMO-CLAVICULAR, see Coraco-clavicular.
OMOCOTYLE, see Glene.
OMO-IIYO'IDEUS, Cor'aco-hynulem, Hijnidis
Qiiiii-fiin Jhis'ciilus, (F.) Scapnhi-hyo'idien, Omo-
hyindie»,Omoplat-hyiiidien. This muscle is situate
obliquely at the sides and front of the neck. It
is slender, long, and flat. It arises from the su-
jierior costa of the scapula, near the semi-lunar
notch, and from the ligament that runs across it,
and is inserted at the sides of the inferior margin
of the body of the os hyoides. It consists of two
fasciculi, united by a common tendon, and is a true
digastric muscle. It depresses the os hyoides,
carrying it a little backwards, and to one side,
except when it acts with its fellow, when the bone
is depressed, and drawn obliquely backwards.
OMOPHAG"IA, Omom't'ia, from w/^of, 'raw,'
and 0nyw, ' 1 eat.' Fondness for raw food. Eat-
ing of raw food.
OMOPLATE, Scapula — o. Col de V, Collum
scapulie.
OMOPLA T-HYO'fDIEN, Omo-hyoideus.
OMOS. Crude, Humerus.
OMOSITIA. Omophagia.
OMOTAR'ICHOS, from (ojuof, 'the shoulder,'
sind Tapi)/oi, ' pickled.' S'llinmen'ttim crudurn ;
Stilted Tniniy Finh, in particular. Properly, the
neck or shoulder-piece of a salted animal. Once
much recommended against the bites of vipers,
and in hydrophobia.
OMOTES, Crudity.
OMDTOCIA, Abortion.
OMOT'RIBES, Omph'ic"i,ium O'lenm, from
u>lxos, 'crude,' and rp(j3ui, 'I bruise.' Oil expressed
from unripe olives.
OMPHA'CION, oixifinmov, from OjiipaKog, 'an
unripe grape ;' — Sitcnct iircB acer'bis. Omphn'cium.
The iuice of unri)ie grapes. Also, Verjuice.
OMPIIACI'TES (VINUM). A name given
to wine prepared from the unripe grape. Oni-
jihaei'tie is the name of a small gall. — Dios-
corides.
OMPIIACIUM. Verjuice.
OMPHACOM'ELI, from o/jKpaKos, 'an unripe
grape,' and /irXi, 'honey.' Asoit of o.xyniel, made
of the juice of unripe grapes and iioiicy.
OMPIIALELCO'SIS, from o//i/iuAoj, 'the navel,'
and 'cXko^, 'an vilcer.' Ulceration of the navel.
OMPIIALEXOCHE, Exomphalus.
OMPHALOCAHPUS, Galium apari'ne.
OMPHALOCELE, Exomphalos.
OM'PIIALO-CRA'NIOUID'YMUS, from o^-
^iiXof, 'the navel,' <(paKor, 'the cranium,' inid
^ii5d^o{, 'a twin.' A doulde monster, in which tlio
umbilical cord or the rudiment of one fuetus is
rooted in the cranium of another.
OMPIIALOMANTI'A, Om'ph„lomm,ci/, from
ojitpa\oi, 'tlie navel,' and yrnvTua, ' pri]])lu'cy.' A
species of divination, practised by credulous ma-
trons, who pretend to be able to know the num-
ber of children a female will have, by the number
of knots in the navel-string of the child.
0M'PnAL0-MESENTER'IC,OH7j;»,/o-me,eH-
ter'iciis, Out' plitdo-vwuara' iciiD ; fi'om o/jitpuXos, 'tho
navel,' and mi-.seiitcriutn, 'the mesentery.'
Omimialo-Mksknteuic Vksskj^s, Vitcl'lo-me-
setiter'ic, Vit'elline venxela. Haller gave this name
to two very fine vessels, which spread their rami-
fications on the parietes of the umbilical vesicle.
There is an omphtdo-mesenteric artevy and vein.
Tlie oniphdlo-rneKeiiteric artery is a branch of tho
superior mesenteric; — the vein empties itself into
the trunk, or into one of the branches of the su-
perior mesenteric. Velpeau affirms, that they
inosculate with a branch of the second or third
order of those great vessels, with those in parti-
cular that are distributed to the csecum, and he
regards them to be the vessels of nutrition of the
umbilical vesicle. They are occasionally met
with in the foetus, at the full period, under tho
form of whitish filaments, which extend from the
mesenteric vessels to the umbilicus.
0 M P H A L 0 - MESERAIC, Omphalo-mesen-
OMPIIALONCUS, Omphalophyma.
OMPH ALONE URORRHEXIS, Ompha-
lorrhexis.
OMPIIALOPHLEBI'TIS, from op,(pa\o{, 'the
umbilicus,' and jihlelltin, ' inflammation of a vein.'
Inflammation of the umbilical vein.
OMPIIALOPIIY'MA, Ompludwi'cus, from o/j-
(jxi'Xos, 'the navel,' and ^vfiu, 'tumour.' A tume-
faction of the navel.
OMPilALOPROPTOSIS, Exomphalus.
0MPIIAL0RRHAG"IA, Omphidor' rhnfje,
from o/j(/)uAof, ' the umbilicus,' and priynviu, ' I
break out.' Hemorrhage from the umbilicus, in
the new-born in particular.
OMPHALORRHEX'IS, from oiJi(Pu\os, 'navel,'
and jjrf^'i' 'rupture' Omp)haloneurorrhex' ia. Rup-
ture of the navel string.
OMPHALOS, Umbilicus.
OMPH'ALOSITE, from o/KpaXus, 'the navel,'
and aiTos, 'nourishment.' A monster that pos-
sesses an imperfect kind of life, which ceases
when the umbilical cord is divided.
OMPIIALOT'OMY, Owphnlotom'ia, from o//-
(pa\o;, 'the umbilicus,' and rcfivd), 'I cut.' Tho
division of the navel string.
OMPHALUS, Umbilicus.
OMUS, Crude, Humerus.
ONAGRA, a<'nothera biennis.
ONANIA, Masturbation.
ONANISM, Masturbation.
ON-COME. A Scotch term, according to Sir
Walter Scott, for "mysterious diseases, which
baffle the regul.ar physician."
ONCOS, Tumour.
ONCO'SES, from oyKos, 'a tumour.' Tumours,
as diseases.
ONCOSIS, Intumescence.
ONCOT'OMY, Oncotnm'ia, Onhotomy, from
oyKOi, 'a tumour,' and tojh}, 'iucision.' The open-
ONCTlOy
653
OPACITY
ing of an abscess with a cutting instrument, or
the exoision of a tuniDur.
0SCT[ON, Inunction.
ONCUS, Swelling, Tumour.
OSDULA TION, Fluctuation.
ONEHKRHY, Paris.
ONKIROCRIT'ICUS, Oneircc' rites, from ovei-
^oj, 'a drciini/ iuid Kptaii, 'judgment.' One who
judges according to drenins.
0 N E I R 0 D Y N ' I A, from ovupoi, and oSwr,,
'pain.' Painful dreams. Jnciibuii and Somuam-
liilimii are oneirodynia.
O.NKiiioDYNiA AcTivA, Paroniria, Somnambu-
lism— 0. Gravans, Incubus.
ONEIRODYNIE URAVATIVE, Incubus.
ONEIROG'MUS, Oneiroy'yue, Oneiropol'esin,
from ovcipof, 'a dream.' A lascivious dream;
pollution ; nocturnal pollution.
O.VEIROGOXORRIICRA, Pollution, nocturnal.
ONKfROCJONOS, Pollution.
ONEIKOL'OGY, Oneirolot/'ia, from ovapos,
'a dream,' and Aoyoj, 'a description.' The doc-
trine of dreams.
ONKIROMANTI'A, from ovcipoi, 'a dream,'
and jtavTcia, 'divination.' The art of divining by
(Ireanis; or of interpreting dreams.
ONEIRON'OSUS, from ovtipoj, and voaos, 'a
disease.' Somiiia'tio morbo'sa. Morbid, uneasy
dreaming.
ONEIROPOLESIS, Oneirogmus.
ONERA AliVI, Excrement.
ONO'LADE, Paronychia.
ONOLI'J. Nail — 0. hicanie, Onj'cbogryphosis.
ONOLKE (¥.), Difjito'nim sfnpor d <jr!ii.
Painful numbness at the extremities of the fin-
gers, caused l)y cold.
ONGLET, Pterygion.
OSUUEXT, Unguentum — o. d'Althea, Ungu-
entuin de Altliwa— o. Blanc, Cerntum cetacei — o.
de Illduc de h(deine, Unguentum cetacei — o.
lilnnc de Rlinzen, Unguentum ))lumbi subcarbo-
liutis— o. de Ch-iiae, Unguentum plumbi subcar-
lionatis — o. Citrin coiifre la (jiite. Unguentum hy-
drargyri nitras — o. Dhjestif simple, Unguentum
digestivum simplex — o. Grin, Unguentum oxidi
liydrargyri cinercum — o. de Gtiimanve, Unguen-
tum de altliiea — o. de Lanrier, Unguentum lau-
rinum — o. Mercuriel, Unguentum hydrargyri — o,
Niipnlitiiiu, Unguentum hydrargyri^o. de Nitrnte
de meicure, Unguentum hydrargyri nitratis — o.
de Poix et de cire, Basilicon — o. de S(ddat, Mar-
tiatum unguentum — o. de Snremi, Unguentum
s.imbuci — o. de Toniamira, Unguentum plumbi
subcarbnnatis.
ONION, COMMON, Allium cepa — o. Sea,
Scilla.
OXIS'CUS, AKel'lns, Cii'tio. Porce/'lio, Parcel'-
lus, Pur'cuhm, diminutive of ovoj, 'a small ass.'
A genus of insects, C/(r««, Crustacea, very com-
mon in cellars and dark and moist places.
Onisci Asklli, Millcp'edea. Axelli, Millpp'edep.,
Fitba, Wood-live, Slaters, Ifo,/-llce, (F.) Clopor-
li'K ordinaires, had, at one time, a place in the
pharmacopoeias. They were considered stimulant
and diuretic, and useful in jaundice.
ONrri.'^, Origanum diotamnus.
OXKOTO.MY, Oncotomy.
ONOLOSAT, Obolus.
OXOMATOCLESIS, Nomenclature
OXOMATOLOGIA, Nomenclature.
OXOXIS ANTIQUORU.M, 0. spinosa.
Ono'nis ,\i!Vkn-'sis, (F.) Ihigrane des champs,
has properties like the next.
Ononis Spi.no'sa, Ano'iiis, Uestn seu Arres'tn
lont, I'em'orn Arn'tri, Ononis aiitiqiio'rum, Rest
nurroir, (F. ) Arrelr-bteiif, Tiuip-ande epineiise, Pu-
graiie. Xat. Ord. Legurr.inosix?. Se.r. Si/st. Dia-
delphia Decandria. The root of this plant was
once used as a diuretic.
OXOPORDON ACAN'TIIIUM, Onopor'dum
oca n't III 111)1, Var'diiiis tomento'sus, Acaii'thiiim,
Ac'anos, A. spina, Spina alba, Cotton Thistle,
(F.) Chardon aiix Anes. Ord. Compositae. Sej-.
Si/st. Syngenesia Polygamia a?qualis. The ex-
pressed juice has been recommended as a cure for
cancer, applied externallj'.
ONOPORDUxM ACANTHIUM, Onopordon
acanthium.
ONTIIUS, Fimus.
ONYCHATROPiriA,^<ro;,A',-«H»'^»,Vm,frora
ovuf, ovvxis, 'a nail,' and atrophia, ' want of nour-
ishment.' Atrophy of the nails.
ONYCHAUX'E, Hijpertroph'ia nn'gninm, from
ovv^, ovvy^pi, 'a nail,' and av(n> 'increase.' Unu-
sual increase of the size and thickness of the
nails.
ONYCIIEXALLAX'IS, from owl owxoi, 'a
nail,' and t|i(XAu^i{, 'change. A morbid condition
of the nails.
ONYCHIA, Paronychia.
ONYCIII'TIS, from omf, owxo?, 'a nail,' and
itis, denoting innaiiiniation. Inflammation of a
nail. See Paronychia.
ONY'CIIOC'EASIS, from om^, ovv)(pi, 'a nail,'
and K^naii. 'fracture.' Fracture of a iKiil.
ONYCHOCRYPTOSIS, Onychogrvidiosis.
OHYC II 0 G R Y P H 0 ' S I S, Onij'cho,p-,,po'si8,
Oiii/rliof/ri/plo'sis, Oiii/fhocri/pto'sis, Gripho'eis,
Grypho'sis, Onyx'is, from oi-uf, ovvxoi. ' a nail,'
and (/ry/iosis, 'crookedness.' Curvature of the
nails ; such as occurs in hectic individuals. Also,
growing in of the nails : Incarna'tio seu Adnnca'-
tio seu Arrtii'ra iin'r/niiim, (F. ) Oiif/le incanie.
0NYCII0X'0SI,"0,u/r//,>,i»'«i", from oyuf ovvxo;,
'a n.iil,' and voaos, 'a disease.' Disease* of the
nails.
ONYCIIOPH'TIIORA, Onyrhophtho'ria, Ony-
coph'tliora, Oiiycoplit/io'ria, from ovuf, ovvvos,
'the nail,' and ipSopa, 'degeneration.' A degene-
rate condition or liestruction of the nails.
ONYCIIOPllY'MA, from ow^ on.;^.o?, 'the
nail,' and (/ivfin, 'a tumour.' A painful ilegene-
ration of the nails, which become thick, rough,
and crooked. It occurs as a symptom of syphi-
lis and of lepra.
ONYCHOPTO'SIS, Piptouye'Jiia, l);a-'res!s
Un'(/iil(B, i'rom ovv^ ovi<xoi, 'a nail.' ami rrruan,
'falling.' The falling otT of the nails.
OXYCOPHTIIORA, Onvchophthora.
ONYX, Hook (Wuul). Nail, Pterygion. Also, a
collection of purulent matter between the laminae
of the cornea, having the shape of a nail. Un-
guis Lunula.
ONYX IS. Onychogrvphosis.
ONYXITIS, .iee Paronychia.
OOCYESIS, Pregnancy, ovarian.
OODEOCELE, see Hernia (foraminis ovalis.)
OODES, Aqueous humour, Oval.
OOG'ALA, Oog'la, Ot/la, Puis ex Orix et Lacfe.
Milk of eggs, from oiov, 'an egg,' and ya\a, ■ milk.'
A preparation of eggs and milk.
OOGLA, Oogala.
OOIDES, Aqueous humour, Oval.
OOLEMMA PELLUCIDUM, Zona pellucida.
OOLO(j"I.A, Oroloij" ia, OvoVo'jy, from wov,
'an ovum or egg,' and Aoyoj, 'a discourse,' 'a
description.' A description of the ovum.
OON. Ovum.
OONINE, Albumen.
OOPH'AGOU.S, Ooph'ngus, from woi, 'an egg,
and ipayia, ' I eat.' Feeding on eggs.
OOPHORAUXE. Oarioparectama.
OOPHORITIS. Oaritis.
OOPHORON, Ovary.
OORITIS. Oaritis.
OPACITY, Opac" ttas, Opalcenens ; from
opacarc, 'to obscure.' Quality of that which is
OPAKE
05 4
OPHTHALMIA
opake. The property possessed bj' some bodies
of not allowing the light to traverse them. It is
o[)posed to transparency. Opacity of the cornea
constitutes albugo or leiicoma ; — opacity of the
crystalline causes cataract.
OPAKE', Opa'ciis, Opn'cnus. Same etymon.
An epithet given to bodies, vrhioh do not permit
the passage of rays of light. The opake cornea
is the sclerotica, in contradistinction to the trunn-
2>arent cornea or true cornea.
OPAKEXESS, Opacity.
OP'ALINB. That which resembles the opal.
A fluid is said to be opaline, when milky, and
when it presents an appearance more or less like
that of the opal.
OPEOCBLE, see Hernia.
OPERATIO, Action, Operation — o. Chirur-
gica, see Operation — o. Chymica seu pharma-
ceutioa, Operation, chymical, &c. — o. Simplex,
Haplotomia.
OPERA'TION, Opera'tio, from opus, open's,
'work.' The application of instruments to the
human body with the view of curing disease.
The object of an operation, opera'tio chirnr'gica,
is generally to divide or reunite parts, to extract
extraneous or noxious bodies, and to replace or-
gans that are wanting, by different instruments
or artificial means. The principal nperatory me-
thods have been called Synthents, Dicsre-tis, Era-
renin, and Prothesia. Frequently, the most diffi-
cult subject connected with an operation is to
decide when it is absolutely called for or advisa-
ble, anil when improper.
OPERATION A LAMBEAU, see Flap.
Opeiiation^, Bilateral, see Lithotomy — o. Ce-
earienne, Cassarean section.
Oi'niiATiox. Chym'ical or PHARirACEn'ricAL,
Opera'tio chym'ica seu phartnncen'tica, is any
jirocess whose object is the preparation of medi-
cines; their combinations with each other, ana-
lysis, and decomposition; — such are, solution,
distillation, sublimation, evaporation, digestion,
laaceration, infusion, decoction, calcinntion, &c.
Some of these operations are mechanical; others,
really chymical.
Operation, High, see Lithotomy — - o. Lateral,
see Lithotomy — o. Sigaultian, Symphyseotomy.
OP'ERATOR. Same etymon. A surgeon
who is in the habit of practising the greater ope-
rations. One who perforins any operation. To
be a good operator, the surgeon must be well ac-
quainted with anatomy, and be possessed of
strong nerve. See Surgeon.
OPER'CULUM, Operto'rium, Operimen'tum,
from operire. ' to cover.' A cover or lid. In
fishes, the gill cover.
OPERCunur AsPER,B Artrri/E, Larynx — o.
Cutis, Epidermis — o. Ilei, Bauhin, valve of — o.
Laryngis, Epiglottis — o. Oouli, Palpcbra.
Operculum PAPiLLA'nusi. A shield for the
nipple.
OPERIMENTUM, Operculum — o. Intestino-
rum. Epiploon — o. Praetensum abdominis, Peri-
tonaeum.
OPERTORIUM, Operculum.
OPHELIA CHIRATA, (Jentiana chirayta.
OPHIASIS, Calvities. Porrigo docalvans.
OPHIOGLOS'SUM VULGA'TUM, O. ova' turn
seu erhinoglos'snm, (otfuq, 'a serpent.' and yAiocrtra,
'a tongue.') LInrjan serpenta'ria. Adder's Tongue,
(F.) Lnngue de Serpent. Ord. Filices. Sex.
S/pit. Cryptogamia. This plant was formerly
considtTod to be vulnerary.
OPIIIOPH'AGOUS, Ophioph'agus, from o^if,
'a serpent,' and <!>ayt,i, 'I eat.' An epithet for
animals which feed on serpents. Pliny has called
cerfain African tribes bv this name.
GPHIORRHr'ZA, 0. muu,,:.. from o^if, 'a
gerpent,' and pijij, 'root.' /''■.///•/, Gentianaceae.
Se.c. Sj/st. Ponlandria Digynia. The name of
the plant whose root has been called Radix Scr-
pen'tntn, Mungos Radix. The hitler root is much
esteemed in .lava, Sumatra, &c., fur preventing
the effects that usually follow the bite of (ho
naja, a venomous serpent; with which view it is
eaten by the natives. It is, also, a reputed an-
thelmintic.
OPHIOXYLON, Ophioxylnm.
OPHIOX'YLUM, from oipiq, 'a serpent,' and
luAov, ' wood.' Ophioxylnm seu Ophioxylon ser-
peuti'num seu tri/olia'tuin, Acawe'ria, Lignum
serpentum, Ord. Apocynaceae, has been recom-
mended in the bites of serpents, and in intormit-
tents. It is said to be very bitter.
OPHIS, Serpent.
OPHI'TES, from o(pis, 'a serpent.' Serpenii'-
nus, Ser'pentine or Black For' phyvy. This rock
was formerly worn as an amulet, to cure diseases
of the head.
OPHROSTAPHYLON, Bryonia alba.
OPHRYS, Supercilium.
OPHTHALMAL'GIA, from o<p&a\^os, 'the
eye,' and aXyog, ' pain.' Pain in the eye. Neu-
ralgia of the eye.
OPHTHALMEMPASMA, CoUyrium sieoum.
OPHTHAL'iMIA, Ophthalmi'tis, from oipiaX^ioi,
' the eye.' Ocuhj' rum injlanuna'tio, Caiuna oph-
thalmi'tis, Ophthalniopo'nia, In/lamma'lion of the
Eye, Ophthal'my, (F.) Ophthalmic, Ophlha'lmitc,
Inflammatioit de roeil, Catarrhe oculaire. Three
great varieties of ophthalmia, independently of
the acute and chronic (which conditions occur in
all inflammations,) may be reckoned : — the Oph-
thalmia membranarum, 0. purulenta, and 0. tiimi.
The first is characterized by the general symp-
toms of ophthalmia; — pain and redness of tlio
eye or its appendages; with intolerance of light,
and unusual flow of tears; the inflammation being
seated chiefly in the coats of the eyeball. It is
the Hy menoplilhal' mia. Ophthalmia tnrax'ia seu
hii'mida seu vera seu cheino'sis, ConjunctivI'lis,
Injlamma'tio conjunct!' r(B, Symphymeni'tis, Syn-
desmi'tis, Catarr'Jud ophthalmia, Ojihth(din<i-cnn-
junctivi'tis, Epiph'ora (Galen), Conjunctival or
Lach'rymdse Ophthal'mia, Tarax'is (Paulus of
^gina), Chemo'sis (Actins), (F.) Conjonvlivite,
[nflamniation de la conjunctive. In the sim-oikI, —
Ophthalmia purulen'taseu puriform'is, /ileunnph-
thalmia, Bleph' arohlenorrhce' a, Opthalinohlennor-
rhoea, Blennorrhvea oc'nli — the internal surface
of the palpebras associates in the inflammation
of the eye-ball ; and there is a copious secreliijn
of a purulent fluid. An epidemic and contagious
[?] variety of this is the ^Egyptian Ophthalmia,
0. epidem'ica seu purulen'ta cpidem'ica seu con-
tagio'sn seu catarrha'lis bel'lica seu bel'lica seu
Asiat'ica seu purulenta conlagio'sa, BlennorrliOf'n
Oculi JEyyptiaca, Lremoph thai' mia, Conjunctivl'-
tia puro-muco'aa contagio'sa seu yEgypllaca, Blc-
jiharo'tis glandula'ris contagio'sa, Adeni'lis p<d-
pehra'riun contagiosa, Sup'purative ophthalmic,
Epidemic contagions ophthal'mia — called Ei/y/i-
tian, from its prevalence in Egypt during the
British Expedition under Sir Ralph Ahercromhic.
The inflammation is rapid and destructive; gra-
nulations shoot from the tunica conjunctiva, and
occasionally there is intolerable pain, often suc-
ceeded by delirium. In new-born children, a
species of purulent ophthalmia, 0. purulcn la
infan'tum seu nconato'rnm, Blepharophlhaiiiini
seu Lippitu'do seu Blennorrha-'a Oe'uli seu Ojih-
thal'mo-hlennorrhoe'a seu Blephamhli-nnorrhie'a
seu Blepharo-pyorrh'e'a sen Pyaphlhalmia, I inr-
ophthalmia neonato'rum, Adenaii/nehitoni'tis. (I. J
Ophthalmic puriforme dea noure<iu-neH, in which
the palpcbras are florid and peculiarly tumid, is
by no means uncommon. It seems to he caused
by acrid discharges from the mother, applied to
OPIITJIALMIATKR
G.-).
OniTIIALMIC
the eye of the infant during its exit; or to the i
rtiinulus of the liglit, when the child first opens I
its eyoK. A severe fi)rm of purulent o[»liihalinia
fiypercoiiJiini.-livitK (Piorry) -is produced by !
tlic application of gonorrhceal 'natter to the eye.
It is the Ophlhulinia i/onorrho'icn, lilrtniorrhte'a
iii-iiti tfdiionhii'icn, (ii>norrh'Meph(irrhie'a, Coii-
jitiirlirittn bhitiinrrhinj" ion sou i/oiii>rrli<>'!c(i, Go-
non-hie'fd Ophthnl' mift, (F.) O/jlilh'tlnn'e bUnnor-
rhii'/ifjiii^, Coiijinfticlle Lleitiiorihufjiijiie.
dplithalinia is likewise modified hy the condi-
tion of the constitution, and hence we have atru-
mniiH, vnn'oloHn, and other inflammations of the
conjunctiva.
The //n'/f/ variety — the 0/>lilli'(liiii<i Tnrsl 5eu
<llntii.(>'mt, n/p/>h<ir'>phth<il'iuiii, /i/ephniulia, B/e-
plidriiti'tii, Blephnri'tia, BUjiIifiriiJeiii'lls, Psor-
ophthtil' mi a, Oc'ali pnlpebra' rum acn'bies prttri-
gino'aa, Adeiiophlhalmid — is seated chieBy in the
tarsus ; the sebaceous crypts secreting ii viscid
and acrid fluid, that glues and ulcerates its edges,
and irritates the eye.
The ditferent forms of inflammation of the con-
junctiva are thus classed by M. Desmarres :
Conjunctivitis \
3. Granular or catarrhal. ■
1. Pure or phlegmonous.
2. Pustular.
'Contagious.
Non-contagious.
Miasmatic.
f Erysipelatous.
Exanthematic -i ,,'"^',' •.'i'""'
"■ j Morbillous.
[ Scurlatiuous.
f Of new-horn infants.
4. Purulent < (xonorrhieal.
I Egyptian.
Conjunctivitis, when slight, requireslittle treat-
tueiit: the antiphlogistic regimen— and, particu-
larly, avoiding exposure to light, — being all that
is necessary. When more severe, along with
this, general and local blood-letting, especially
by leeches to the side of the septum narium,
must be employed so as to make a decided im-
]iression on the system ; with nauseating doses
of antimony, purgatives, blisters (at some dis-
tance from tiie organ), refrigerants; and astrin-
gents, cold or warm, according to circumstances,
l<) the eye. In Purulent Ophthii/nn/, these mea-
sures must be still more actively em|)loyed, other-
wise disorganization will speedily follow: — the
granulations, which form on the adnata of the
eyelids may bo removed with the scissors, and
the sore be touched with a solution of alum.
Ophih'ilmia Tami must be treated on general
principles, when severe. It usually, however,
requires merely the antiphlogistic regimen, with
the occasional use, especially at night, of a
slightly stimulating ointment, such as the ungu-
entura hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi, considerably re-
duced with lard. The ointment prevents the
eyelids from being glued together during the
night, and thus obviates the irritation 'caused by
attempts at separating them.
Oi'HTUALMiv, vEoYi'TiAN, SCO Ophthalmia — o.
Asiatica, see Ophthalmia — o. Bellica. see Oph-
thalmia— o. Biliosa, Ophthalmocholosis — o. Ca-
tarrhal, see Ophthalmia — o. Catarrhalis bellica,
see Ophthalmia — o. Chronica, Lippitudo — o. Con-
junctival, see Ophthalmia — o. Contagiosa, see
Ophthalmia — o. Epidcinica, see Ophthalmia — o.
• Jlutinosa, see Ophthalmia — o. Gonorrhoica, see
Ophthalmia — o. (Jonorrhreal, see Ophthalmia —
o. Ilumida, see Ophthalmia — o. Lachrymose, see
Ophthalmia — o. Membraniirum, see Ophthalmia
— 0. Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia — o. Phlycte-
nular, see Ophthalmia — o. Puriformis, see Oph-
thalmia— o. Purulenta, see Ophthalmia — o. Puru-
lenta contagiosa, see Ophthalmia — o. Purulenta
epiilomica, see Ophthalmia — o. Purulenta infan-
tum, see Ophthalmia — o. Rheumatic, Sclerotitis
— o. Sicca, Xerophthalmia — o. Suppurative, see
Ophthalmia — o. Taraxis, see Ophthalmia — o.
Tarsi, see Ophthaliuia — o. Ulcerosa, Ilelcoph-
thalinia — o. Varicose, Cirsophthalmia — o. Vera,
see Onhthalmia.
01>iri'HAL>[rATER. Ocullst.
0 1* II T IIALMIATKI'A, Ophthnhniatrotech'-
nica, Ophlhdlmutkerapi'a, {F.) Oculintique ; from
ophlhidinoK, and larooc, 'a. physician.' The art
of the oculist. Treatment of diseases of the eye.
0 P II T IIALMIATKOTECIINICA, Ophthal-
miiitria.
OPIITHAL'MIC, OphthaV miens, from oph-
thfiliiios. That which relates or belongs to
the eye.
Ophthalmic Artery,^, orbilaire, (Ch.) arises
from the internal carotid, and issues from the
cranium by the foramen opticum. At first, it is
situate at the outer and lower side of the optic
nerve, but ascends above this nerve, and passes
towards the inner angle of the orbit. It fur-
nishes, in its course, tlie Inch ry mo I, centralis re-
tiiiw, itifrd-orbilnrs, ciliarics, anterior ciliarien,
inferior and superior musculars, anterior and
posterior ethmoidals, and superior and inferior
palpebrals. After having given off these, it di-
vides into two branches — the frontal and nasal,
which furnish a number of ramifications, — some
superficial, others deep-seated.
Ophtiiai/mic Gaxg'lion, Lentie'ular or Cil'-
iary (janijlion, Ganyliou ophtlial' mieum seu semi-
luna're seu cilia're, G. orhitaire (Ch.), is one of
the smallest ganglions of the body, and formed
by the 5th and 3d pairs of encephalic nerves. It
is situate at the outer side of the optic nerve near
the bottom of the orbit.; is irregularly quadri-
lateral and flat; its colour of a reddish gray.
Behind, it communicates by its posterior angles
— by means of nervous filaments — with the nasal
nerve of the ophthalmic, the motor oculi, and
offsets from the sympathetic. Each of its ante-
rior angles furnishes a fasciculus of small nerves.
These are the ciliary nerves.
Ophthalmic Nerve. Ophthalmic Xerve of
Willis, Orblto-fruntal, (Ch.) is the smallest and
first of the three branches given off by the olli
pair. It proceeds along the external paries of
the cavernous sinus, and enters the orbit hy
the sphenoidal fissure. It divides into three
branches, one, external — the lachrymal nerve ;
another, SH/)c)-)'or — frontal nerve; and the last,
internal — the nasal nerve. See Lachrymal,
Frontal, Nasal.
OpHTHAi.jfic or Optic Rf.mkpv. Ophthal'micum
seu Op'tieum, (F.) Topiqne ophthalmiqne, is a
medicine employed in ophthalmia.
Ophthalmic Sinus, see Cavernous Sinus.
Ophthalmic Vein has the same arrangement
as the artery, which it accompanies in all its
divisions. It issues from the orbit at the inner
OPHTIIALMICA
656
OPIATUS
part of the sphenoidal fissure, and discharges its
blood into the cavernous sinus.
The name Fncial Ophthalmic has been given
to the branch by whicli the facial vein communi-
cates with the ophthalmic.
Ol'HTIIALMICA, Euphrasia officinalis.
OPHTHALMICI EXTEUNI, Motores oculo-
rum.
OPHTEALMICUM, Ophthalmic remedy.
OPIITIIALMIDIUM, xMicrophthalmus.
OPHTHALMTE PURIFORME DES NOU-
VEAU-NES, see Ophthalmia — o. Bleanorrha-
giqne, see 0])hthalmia.
OPHTIIAL.UITE, Ophthalmia.
OPHTIIALMI'TIS. Ophthalmia. This term is
occasionally restricted to inllammation of the
globe of the eye, in which, both the external and
internal structures are involved.
OPHTIIALMIUM, Microphthalmus.
OPHTHALMO-BLENNOKRIIGEA, Ophthal
mia(purulent) — o.b. Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia
(purulenta infantum).
OPHTHALMO-CARCINO'MA, from ophthnl-
mos, and Kapxivu^iia, ' cancer.' Cancer of the eye.
OPHTIIALMOCELE, Exophthalmia.
OPHTIIALMOCIIOLO'SIS, from ophihalmos,
and xo^"?) 'bile;' Ophthnl'mia hilio'sa. Ophthal-
mia from biliary excitement.
OPHTnALMOCHROiTES, see Choroidea tu-
nica.
OPHTHALMO-CONJUNCTIVITIS, see Oph-
thalmia.
OPIITIIALMOCOPIA, Copyopia.
OPHTHALMODULI'A, from ophfhalmiis, and
iouXtia, 'servitude.' Eye-service. The title of a
book by Bartisch on diseases of the eye.
OPHTIIALMODYN'IA, from ophthalmnn, and
oivvri, ' pain,' especially rheumatic pain of the eye.
Plenck has given this name to neuralgia of the
frontal nerve, in which the pain radiates particu-
larly towards the bottom of the orbit. See Neu-
ralgia, frontal.
Ophihalmodynia Peiiiodica, Neuralgia, fa-
cial.
OPHTHALMCEDE'MA, from ophthnhnos, and
oiSijiia, 'oedema.' ffidema of tlie conjunctiva.
OPHTIIALMOG'RAPHY, from ophtha/mns,
and ypa<firi, ' a description.' The part of anatomy
which gives a description of the eye. An ana-
tomical description of the eye.
OPHTHALMOL'OGY, Ophthalmohn/'ia, Oph-
ihalmotol'iif/i/. from ophthalnidi, and Aoynf, 'a dis-
course.' The part of anatomy which treats of the
eye. An anatomical treatise on the eye. A de-
scription of the eye in health and disease.
OPHTHALMO'M'ETER, from ophthnhnos, and
litTfiov, 'measure.' An instrument of the nature
of compasses, invented by P. Petit, for measuring
the capacity of the anterior and posterior cham-
bers of the eye in anatomical experiments.
OPHTIIALMOMYi'TIS, Ophthdmomyoni'tis,
from ophthdlmon. /iuj, 'a muscle,' and itis, do-
noting inflammation. Inflammation of the mus-
cles of the eye.
OPHTHALMOPARALYSIS, Ophthalmople-
gia.
OPIITHALMOPHLEBOTOM'IA, from oph-
thnlmos, (p'Xctp, 'a vein,' and ronn, 'incision.'
Bleeding from the vessels of the conjunctiva.
OPIITII ALMO PUTIIAR'SIS, Ophthalmo.
phthi'sis, from ophthaliiiiiK, a.n'\ (j.dapais, 'corrup-
tion.' Destruction of the eveball.
OPHTHALMOPirrillSLS, Ophthalmophtbar-
sis.
OPHTnALMOPLE'GIA, OphthalmnparaVij-
i>h, from ophthidmDfi, and jrX/trow, 'I strike.'
Paralvsis of one or more of the muscles of the eye.
OPHTllALMOPONIA, Ophthalmia.
OPITTTIALMOPTO'SIS.frora ophthalmon, and
irruffij, 'a prolapse.' A word emph)yed by soiiio
autliors in the sense of exophthalmia; by others,
in that of hydrophthalmia.
0FHTIlALM01lRlIA(i"IA, from ophthalm„„,
and p);yiu/ji, ' I break forth.' Jleinorrliuge from
the tunica conjunctiva. It is rare.
OPllTHALMOS, Eye.
01'11T1IALM08C01'E, see Ophthnlmoscopin.
0 P 11 T II A L M 0 S C 0 P'l A, Ophlhn/moHCopy,
from ophlholiiios, and oKontu), ' I regard attentively.'
The art of judging of the temper, Ac., of u per-
son by examining his eyes. The art of judging
of health or disease by inspection of tlie eyes.
Exploration of the eyes in order to a diagnosis.
An Oj>hthal'moKC(>pe, ophthdliiKiaciip' iiiin, oph-
th(dmos'f(ipuiii, has been invented, which by re-
fleeting the light on the reiina enables the con-
dition of the interior of the eye to be appreciated.
To a form of the ophthalmoscope the name Aikkj-
nos'takis has been given, after a younj; Greek
physician, who, it was thought, invented it.
OPIITIIALMOSTA'TUM, (F.) Uphth„rnwstat,
from ojyhthaliiios, and ctoch, 'station;' Spnc'ulum
Oc'iili. An instrument for lixiiig the eye.
OPHTIIALMOTIIERAPIA, Ophtliainiiatria.
OPIITIIALMOTOLOGY, Ophthalmology.
OPHTIIALMOT'OMY, Uphth.,lm„tow'ia, from
ophthd/mos and rtjivut, 'I cut.' The part of ana-
tomy which treats of the dissection of the eye. It
has, also, been a])plied to extirpation of the eye.
OPHTIIALMOXEROSIS, Xerophthalmia.
OPIITIIALMOX'YSIS, from ophthalimm, and
^uo), ' I scrape.' A name given to the scarifica-
tion sometimes practised on the conjunctiva, in
cases of oiihthalmia.
OPIITIIALMOXYS'TRUM, 0^j;////<(/moay«'<(>r,
Ophthulmo.cyate'rinm, XijHtnim ophthal' micum.
Same etymon. An instrument for scra|)ing the
eye. Name given to a small brush, with barbs
like an ear of barley or rye, intended to scarify
the eyelids in certain cases of oiihthalmia.
OPIITII ALM US. Eye.
OPIITII ALMYMEXI'TIS,0/^A//(»/»,ry%meai'-
tis, from ajihthnhnos, 'vftriv, ' membrane,' and itin,
denoting inflammation. Inflamuiatiou of one or
more of the membranes of the eye.
OFIACE, Opiate.
OPIACUM, Opiatum.
OPIANE, Narcotine.
O'PIANINE, Oplmii'na, Opin'nia; fromopi'im.
An alkaloid discovered in opium, which resem-
bles morphia in its properties, and doses.
OPIANUM, Narcotine.
OP I AT, Opiate — o. Dentifrice, Dentifrice.
O'PIATE, Opia'tum, Opia'cum, J'lijun-cra'-
cenm, 3/eco')iiciiii), (F.) Opint, Opiac^e, from oviov,
(u-nos, 'juice,') 'opium.' A medicine containing
opium. A medicine that procures sleep. An
electuary; — formerly, an electuary which con-
tained opium.
O'PIATED, Opia'tus. Impregnated with opi-
um. Affected by opium.
OPIA'TUM FEBRIF'UGUM, JFi'pc^i/'i'riVm d'
Kind Kind; Elec'tuary of Ciiicho'iin. (Fuh.
cinch, ^^xviij, amnion, miiriat. ^j, mellla, eyriip.,
absinth, aa ^^ij. Make into an electuary. Ph. P.)
Given, when cinchona is indicated.
Opiatum Mesknteu'icum, Electun'rium de
Al'ne, Miiria'te Hydrar'yyri, et Ferro. {Gum.
amnion. §ss. sennce ,^vj, hyilrargyri snhmnriat.,
rad. ari., aloes socotrin. iia ^^ij, ;)i(/i'. urtnnvion.
comp. (vulg. (ie tribns,) rhrj. rad. aa .^iij, ./e"''
limatnr. porphyrisal. ^^ss. Bruise and mix to-
gether, add of compound syrup of apjdcs double
the weight of the other matters, and make into
an electuary. Ph. P.) Dose, ^ss to gij, in ob-
structions of the liver, mesentery, &c.
OPIATUS, Opiated.
OPION
6 57
OPTIC CENTRE
OPTONT, Opium.
Ol'ISMA, Suoeus.
OPIS' rilENA R. l)ori}im nif»Hf}«, from nmaOc,
'backwards.' and Oiv„f,, 'the flat of the hand.'
Ibe back of the hand.
OPISTHOCEPIIALOX, Occiput.
OPrSTIIOCHANHIM, Occiput.
OlTSTIIOCYl'lIOSLS, Cvphoma.
Ol'ISTIIOLOii'IU.M. 0/,ixthoi'i,n„, from oTirrfft,
•behind,' and hijiiov, 'the lobe of the ear.' Any
agent applied behind the ear.
Ol'ISTIIOTIUM. Opistholobium.
OPISTIIOT'ONOS, liophiH poxler^n'neus, Tel'-
aniiH diirnd'l'iH seu poxd'cus sen ponterya'iiciis,
from OTTiaSe, 'backwards,' and Ttivw, 'I stretch.'
A species of tetanus, in which the body is bent
backwards.
OPIUM, see Papaver — o. Colatura, Extractum
opii — o. Depuratuin, Extractum opii.
Opium Eathus, Theriaki.
Opium, Lkttuck, see Lactuoa.
0P0I5AL.SAMIIM, see Amyris opob.alsamum.
OPOCARPASOX. Carpasium (juice.)
OPOCEPII'ALUS, (F.) Opocfjthide. A genus
of monsters having the two ears approximated or
united under the head; the jaws atrophied; and
no mouth or nose. — I. G. St. Ililaire.
OPODELDOC, Opodeldoch.
OPODEL'DOCII, Opo.hl'toch, Opo<1eldnc. An
unmeaning term, frequently used by Paracelsus.
Formerly, it signified a plaster for all external
injuries; now, it is applied to the Linimentum
Saponis Compositum.
Opodki.docii, Stkku's. A liniment, called after
the inventor. There are many formulae for its
preparation. The f<dlowing is one. Sop. nib. Ibj,
camphor. ^\j, ol. rnn'smai-ini f.^iv, spiritnn vitii
reetificati Oij. See Linimentum Saponis Compo-
situm.
OPODEOCELE, see Hernia.
OPODYMUS, Diprosopus.
OPOIDIA GALBANIFERA, see Bubon Gal-
banum.
OPOLE, Succus.
OPOLWE, Succus.
OPOPIOS, Optic.
OPOPONACUAI, Pastinaca opoponax.
OPOPOXAX, see Pastinaca opoponax — o.
Chironium, Pastinaca opoponax.
0P0P0X.\XW0RT, Pastinaca opoponax.
OPO'RICE, from on'oipn, ' autumnal fruits.' A
medicine, composed of several autumnal fruits,
particularly of quinces, pomegranates, Ac, and
wine. It was formerly administered in dysen-
tery, diseases of the stomach, Ac.
OPOS, Succus expressus — o. Silphion, Laser-
pitium.
OPPIDULUM, Vulva.
OPPILATIO, Emphraxis— o. Tela; Cellulose,
Induration of the collul;\r tissue.
OPPfLATIVUS. Obs»uens.
OPPO'XEXS, (F.) Oppo,n„u from oh, and po-
nere, 'to place.' That which faces or is put in
opposition to something. The name has been
given to two muscles of the hand.
Oppoxens Min'imi Dig"iti, (F.) Oppnmnt du
petit iloigt, Carpo-mfitocnrpieii dii prtit doi'gt (Ch.),
MetacnrpSeti dn petit doiijt. This muscle has
the same shapeand arrangement as the preceding,
but is of less size. It is situate in the hypothe-
nar eminence. Its fibres are inserted into the
anterior annular ligament of the carpus, and ter-
minate on the whole length of the inner edge of
• he ,5tli metacarpal bone. This muscle carries
the 5th metacarpal bone forwards and outwards, |
and thus augments the concavity of the palm of i
the hand. I
42
OppoNEys Pol'licis, Flexor omis metricar'pl
pollicia, F. priiiii interno'dii (Douglass), Oppo-
iieiin pollicie maniin, Aiitith'enar sive seniiiiiler-
OHneuH pollicie, (F.) Carpo-mStacarpien dii ponce
(Ch.), J/eliiCftrpiei) dn ponce, Opponntit dn Ponce..
A small, flat, triangular muscle, situate in the
substance of the thenar eminence. It is attached,
on the one hand, to the anterior annular liga-
ment of the carpus and to the trapezium ; and,
on the other, to the whole of the outer margin
of the first metacarpal bone. This muscle im-
presses on the first bone of the metacarpus a
movement of rotation, which opposes the thumb
to the other finirers.
OPPOSANT, Opponens — o. d>i Petit doigt,
Opponens minimi digiti — o. dn Ponce, O()poueiis
pollicis.
OPPRESRIO, Catalep.=y, Oppression— o. Noc-
turna, Incubus.
OPPRESSION, Oppres'sio, Thlipfiis, C«t,t-
thlips'in, frotn opprimere {oh, and previere, pt-cn-
snm,) 'to press against.' A state, in which the
patient experiences a sensation of weight in the
part affected. When employed abstractedly, it
means, particularly, Opprension of the chest —
Opprexiio Pec'torin, (F.) 0. de Poitriiie.
Oppression, Opprcs'nio vir'inm, (F.) Oppres-
sion des forces, is, also, used for that condition,
at the commencement of fevers, &c., in which
the system is oppressed rather than debilitated,
and where the vascular action rises, as the ob-
struction to free circulation is relieved by bleed-
ing, purging, <fec.
OPS, Eve.
OPSKONUSI, Opsionusi.
OPSIALGIA, Neuralgia, facial.
OPSIONU'Sl, Opseonn'si, from oxPn, 'vision,'
and vovaof, 'a, disease;' Morhi vis&s. Diseases
of vision.
OPSIOTOC'IA, from o^t, 'too late,' and toko?,
'birth;' Pat-tns sero'tinns. Parturition alter the
usual perioil. See Pregnancy.
OPSIS. Pupil. Vision.
OPSOMA'NIAC, Opsom'avea, (F.) Opsomrrne,
from oipov. 'aliment,' and jiavia. One wlio loves
some particular aliment to madness.
OPTESIS, Assatio.
OPTIC. Op'ticns, Opo'pios, (F.) Optiqne, from
oTTTo^ini. ' I see.' That which relates to vision.
OPTIC CENTRE, Cenfmm op'ticnm. The
optic centre of the crystalline is the point at
which the various rays proceeding from an object
cross in their way to the retina.
Optic Commissurk, see Chiasmus.
Optic Foramen, Fom'men op'ticnm, (P.) Troti
optiipie. A round opening in the sphenoid bone,
near the base of its lesser ala, through which the
optic nerve passes.
Optic (Janglia, Quadrigemina tubercula.
Optic Groove. A transverse groove on the su-
perior surface of the sphenoid bone, on which the
commissure of the optic nerve rests, and which is
continuous on each side with the optic foramen.
Optic Lobes, Quadrigemina tubercula.
Optic Nerve, Nerrns op'ticns seu visi'v)is seu
lu'so'rins. Par secini'dnm seu op'ticnm seu viso'-
rinni, Kerve of the 2d pnir. Ocular nerre of
Chaussior. The optic nerves are remarkable for
their size; for their running a longer course
within than without, the cranium ; and for their
furnishing no branch from their origin to their
termination. They do not seem to arise, as was
long supposed, from the optic thalami, but from
the tubercula quadrigemina. Immediately after
their origin, the optic (rnrts, Tractns op'lici, pro-
ceed fr)rwards : are, at first, broad and fl:it; but
afterwards become narrower and round. In front
of the fossa pituitaria, they unite and decussate,
each nerve proceeding through the optic foramen
OFTICO-TROCnLEI-SCLEROTIClEN G 5 8
ORBITAR
of the sphenoid bone with the ophthalmic artery,
.■mil thniuj^h the Forn'men op'ticum vlioriniclea,
to tonii the retina. The nerve passes to the back
part of the iflobe of the eye, beeoraes narrower,
ami enters tliat organ at a flattened circular pa-
pilla— Cdllic'uliis seu Pnpif/'a nervi optici — to
give rise to the nervous expansion called the
retina. Between the colliculus and the yellow
spot of Souiinering, a small projection or fold of
the retina passes — plica centra'lis ret'iiKF.. Besides
its neurilemma, the optic nerve is surrounded by
a sheath, furnished by the dura mater. This ac-
companies it as far as the eye.
The optic nerve is the nerve of special sensi-
bility of the eye. In the centre of the nerve,
there is a piiiictnm ccp.cnm, viac'iila 7>l()ra, where
tlje central artery enters the eye, and the cor-
responding vein passes out. If a ray of light
iiills on this spot it is not appreciated.
Optic Rkmkdy, see Ophthalmic remedy — o.
Thalami.Thalami nervorum gpticorum — o. Tracts,
see Optic nerve. ,
OPTICO-TRO CHLEI- SCLER 0 TICIEN,
Oblique, superior of the eye.
OPTICUM, Ophthalmic remedy.
OPTILOS, Eye.
OPTOM'ETER, from ottto/ioi, 'I see,' and
ficrpov, ' a measure.' An instrument for measuring
the distance of distinct vision.
OPUNTIA, Cactus opuntia — o. Vulgaris, Cactus
opuntia.
OR, Gold — o. Blanc, Platinum — o. Cyanure d',
see Gold — o. Divise, see Gold — o.Hi/ilrocli/ornte d',
see Gold — o. Jadiire d', see Gold — o. Metallique,
see Gold — o. Nitromiiriale d\ see Gold — o. Oxide
d', see Gold — n. et de Sodiiini chlornre d', see
(Jold — o. et de Sonde, Hydvochlornte d', see Gold
— o. et de Sonde, Muriate d', see (iold.
ORA SERRATA, see Ciliary (Body.)
ORACIIE, SPREADING, Atriple.x patula— o.
Stinking, Chenopodium vulvaria.
ORAL, Vocal, (F.) Oral, from os, oris, 'a
moutli.' Relating to the mouth or to speech.
ORANGE, Citrus aurantium — o. Bitter, see
Citrus aurantium — o. Flowers of the, see Citrus
aurantium.
Orange Grass, Hypericum sarothra — o. Root,
Hydrastis Canadensis — o. Tree, Citrus auran-
tium.
ORANGEADE. A drink, made with orange
juice diluted with water. It is antiphlogistic,
and often recommended in acute diseases.
ORANGES, see Citrus aurantium — o. Curas-
soa, Aurantia curassaventia.
ORBES CARTILAGINOSI TRACHEAE, see
Trachea. ^
ORBICiTLATRE DES LEVRES, Orbicularis
oris — o. des Patipieres, Orbicularis palpebrarum.
ORBICULAR, Orbicula'riH, (F.) Orbiculaire,
from orbis, 'a circle.' Spherical, circular.
Orbicular Bone, 0« orbienla're seu lenticu-
hi're seu Si/lrii seu orbicula're Si/l'vii, Glob'ulus
slap'edin ohhIs, Epipli'yxis cruris lotii/io'rii in'oi-
dis, Oiiic'ulum orbicula're seu squamo'sum seu
cochleare seu quartum, is the smallest of the four
bones of the ear. It is scarcely perceptible, round,
convex on two surfaces, and situate between the
long ramus of the incus and the head of the
stapes.
Orbicitlar Muscles are muscles with circular
fibres surrounding some natural opening of the
body. 1. Orbicula'ris seu Conntric'tor Oris,
Sphincter Lablo'rvm, Semi seu Demi-orbicnla' ria,
Suprn-xemi -orbicula'ris, Labi a' lis, Oscnlalo'rius,
Basia'tor, (F.) Labial, Orbiculaire des linres. A
muscle situate in the substance of the lips, and
extending from one commissure to the other.
It is formed of two very distinct portions, of a
aemi-oval shape; one belonging to the upper lip,
the other to the lower. Their extremities cross
at the coiuinissures, and are confounded with the
other muscles of the parts. The use of this fleshy
muscle is to bring the lips together, and to close
the ajierture of the mouth, by uuiking it repre-
sent a sort of btiurrelct with radiated wrinliles.
It is an antagonist to every other muscle of the
lips. 2. Orbicularis I'alpibra'runi seu oc'uli scu
2>alpebra'runi cili<('ris, I'alpvbra'rnm dno vius'.
cnli, /'(djicbra'lis, Couslrict'or SCU Sphincter Pnl.
J>ebra'rum seu Ocnli, (F.) Naso-pidpibrul (Cll.),
Maxil'lo-]>al])fbral, Palpebral, Orbiculaire del
panpieres. A muscle common to both the eyelids,
and seated in their substance. It is broad, Ihin,
transversely oval, and cleft in its great diameter.
It is attached to the nasal process of the su|;crior
maxillary bone ; to the internal anguhir process
of the frontal bone, and to the orbitar process of
the superior maxillary bone. From tliese origins
the muscle passes outwards, under the skin of the
eyelids, surrounding the orbit in a circular man-
ner, extending somewhat beyond it, and covering
the upi)er part of the cheek. It is inserted into
the skin of the eyelids, its upper and inner edge
being intimately connected with the frontal and
corrugator muscles. Its use is to close the eye,
by bringing the eyelids together. The jiart of
the orbicularis which covers the cartilages of the
eyelids, and which is remarkably thin, is the
3Iusculus Ciliaris of some authors.
ORBICULARIS OCULI, Orbicularis pnlpc-
brarum, see Orbicular muscles — o. Oris, see Or-
bicular muscles — o. Palpebrarum, see Orbicular
muscles — o. Palpebrarum ciliaris, see Orbicular
muscles — o. Recti, Sphincter ani externus.
ORBICULUS CILIARIS, Ciliary ligament,
Ciliary zone.
ORBIS GENU, Patella.
ORBIT, Or'bita, 0. oc'uli, Troch'in, Coiwhis
seu Cav'itas seu Fo'vea seu Pelvic'nla oc'uli,
(F.) Orbite, from orbis, 'a circle.' The circular
cavities are so called, which lodge the organs of
sight. The orbits or orbitar foKsm or cnvities,
conchi. Koyxot, are situate at the upper part of the
face, and are composed of seven bones, viz. : —
the frontal, above ; the ;)fi/«/e and superior uiniil-
lary, below ; the sphenoid and vinlar, externally;
and the ethmoid and lachrymal, internally. The
orbit is filled by the globe of the eye, with its
different accessory parts — muscles, nerves, ves-
sels, the lachrymal gland, <fcc. Its margin is
termed viargo orbita'lis.
ORBITA. Orbit — o. Oculi, Orbit.
ORBITAL, Orbitar— o. Fissure, inferior, Sphe-
noidal fissure — o. Fissure, superior. Maxillary
fissure.
OR'BITAR, Orbitn'rins, Orb'ta'lis, Qr'hilal,
(¥.) Otbitaire. Same etymon. Relating or be-
longing to the orbit.
Orbitar Apoph'ysks or Proc"esses terminate
the two extremities of the orbitar arch. The ex-
ternal is much more prominent, and is articulated
with the cheek-hone ; the internal is thinner, and
joins the os unguis.
Orbitar Arch, (F.) Arcade orbitnire, is the
projecting, round margin, which separates the
frontal and orbitar surfaces of the os froiitis, and
forms a part of the circumference of the orbit.
Or'bitar Fissures, (F.) Fentes nrbil'tiref.
These are situate in the orbit. They arc two in
number: one superior, the Sphenoidal; the other
inferior, the Spheno-maxillary.
Orbitar Fouam'ina. Of these there are seve-
ral: — 1. The Foramen orbitarium supe'rius, (F.)
Trou orbitaire snperienr, which is situate at tlie
junction of the inner third of the orbitar anh
with its two outer thinls, and gives piis!<ngc to
the frontal nerve. 2. The Foram'ina orhilu'ria
interio'ra seu iuter'na, Foram'ina Ethmu'idea.
orbito-extus-sclMoticien G 5 9
ORGANIZABLE
These are situate at the upper part of the inter-
niil paries of the orbit, are formed by the union
of two notches of the os frontis with two siinihir
ones of the ethmoid; and are distinguished into
(rti/eriorand posterior. The former gives passage
It the ethmoidal filament of the nasal nerve and
to a small artery.
OitBiTAn Nkiivk, NervHS orbita'h's sen orhita'-
rlits sou aubciitd' liens vuilee, is a branch given off
from the superior maxillary. It enters the orbit
by the sphcno-maxillary fissure, and divides into
two filaments; the one — mnlur — which passes
over the cheek-bone, is distributed to the orbicu-
laris palpebrarum, and anastomoses with the fa-
cial nerve; the other — temporal — which passes
til the temporal fossaj, and anastomoses with the
iTifcrior maxillary and facial, to become after-
wards subcutaneous.
OitBiTAR Surface, see Maxillary bone (supe-
rior).
ORDITO-EXTUS-SCLEROTWIEN, Rectus
cxternus oculi — o. Tntui- Scleroticien, Rectus in-
tornus oculi — o. MaxUlo-lahinl, Levator labii
puperioris proprius — o. Palpfbral, Levator pal-
pohra? superioris — o. Siis-palpebral, Levator pal-
pebra; superioris.
ORCANETTE, Anchusa officinalis.
ORCHALGIA, Orchidalgia.
OKCHAS, Scrotum.
ORCIIEI'TIS, Osvhi'th, Oxchei'th, Liflnmma'-
tio scroti, from opx<'-i< ' the scrotum,' and itis,
denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the
scrotum.
Orciiritis, Hernia humoralis.
ORCIIKOCATABASIS, Orchidocatabasis.
OUrilHOCi'M-K, Orchiocele.
ORCII KO rOMY, Castration.
ORCUKSTROMANIA, Chorea.
ORCIIIDAL'(}IA, OrchaVijin, Orchidndyn'ia,
from oo^ii, up^i&oi, 'a testicle,' and a^yos, ' pain.'
Piiin of the testicle. Neuralgia of the testicle.
Irritable testicle. A form of neuralgia.
ORCIIIDATROPiriA, Atroph'ia testic'uH,
from op^ii, op-xiioq, 'a testicle,' and atrophia,
'atrn]ihy.' Atrophv or wasting of the testicle.
ORCillDITIS, licrnia humoralis.
ORCHIDOCARPUM ARIETINUM, see Ca-
rica papava.
ORClliDOCATAB'ASIS, OrchcorotaVasis, De-
Kcen'mis tcsticvlo'rum, from 0();;^K, op;^((5of, ' the tes-
tis, and Kara^aaii, 'descent.' The descent of the
testes into the scrotum.
ORCIIIDOCELE, Hernia humoralis.
ORCHIDODYNIA. Orchidalgia.
ORCHIDOXCUS, Hernia humoralis.
ORCIIIDOTOMY, Castration.
ORCHILL, Lip_hen roccella.
ORCHIOCE'LB, Orcheoce'le, from opxti, opx^-
Aof, 'the testicle,' and KTt\ri, *a rupture.' A tu-
Miiiur of the testicle. Scrotal hernia. Hernia
humoralis. A name given to several diseases of
tlie testicle and its envelojies, essentially differing
from each other.
OitcmocK'LE SciRRHo'sA, Scirrhoce'le. A ma-
lignant tumour of the testis.
ORCHIS. Testicle— o. Butterfly. Orchis bifolia.
OliCllls JIas'cula, Sati/r'ion, Testic'iilim cani'-
ii/oi, Ci/ Honor' chin, Doifs' stones, Mole orchis, Bal-
liic/: i/ritss, Mule Fools' stones, Twinroot. Oril. \
Orchidacere. This root had a place in some phar-
inncopa'ias, on account of the glutinous, slimy
juice it contains. The root of the Orchis hifo'lia
or liiitier/li/ orchis, has likewise been collected.
It has been used as a demulcent. Its fancied
aphrodisiac virtues seem to be owing to its re-
seinlilanco to opx'i- ' '^ testicle,' whence its name.
.'inlcp is obtained from this variety of the or-
chis;— and from the Orchis morio, Jbc. See
Sulep.
Orchis, Rou.nd-leaved, Large, Platanthera
orbiculata.
ORCHITE, Hernia humoralis.
ORCHITIS, Hernia humoralis.
ORCIIOI, see Tarsus.
OKCHOTOMIA, Castration. Also, removal
of the tarsi.
ORDKAL NUT— called Esire by the natives
of Calabar — of the natural family Leguminosae,
and closely resembling a Dolichos, is possessed
of virulent acro-narcotic properties.
ORDEOLUM, Hordeolum.
ORDEUM. Hordeum.
ORDINAUiES, Menses.
ORDO MEDICINALIS, Police, medical.
ORDONXANCE, Formula, Prescription.
OREILLE D'AXE, Symphytum— o. d' Homme,
Asarum — o. de Sonris, Hieracium pilosella — o.
d'Oiiis. Primula veris.
OREFLLETTE. Asarum, Auricle of the heart.
OREFLLOXS, Parotis, Cynanebe parotidaea.
ORELIA (iRAXDIFLORA, AUamanda.
ORELLANA, see Terra Orleana,
OREOSELINUM, Athamanta aureoselinum—
o. Africanum, Bubon galbanum — o. Legitimum,
Athamanta aureoselinum — o. Nigrum, Athamanta
aureoselinum.
OREXIS, Appetite, Pyrosis — o. Cynodes, Bou-
limia.
ORGAN, Or'gunum, Or'gnnon. From tpynv,
'work.' ' An instrument.' Part of an organized
being, destined to exercise some particular func-
tion. Thus — the eyes are organs of sight; the
muscles are organs of motion, <fec. The collec-
tion of organs, which concur in any function, is
called apparatus.
Organ. Mentha pulcgium.
ORGANA GENERATION! INSERVIEN-
TIA, Genital organs — o. Genitalia, Genital or-
gans— Sexualin, Genital organs — o. Sudoripara,
see Perspiration — o. Urogenitalia, Urogenital
organs.
ORGAXE^ gUnFTAUX. Genital organs.
ORGAN'IC, Oryiin' icns, (F.) Orgaiiiqne. Re-
lating to an organ or organs, and to beings pos-
sessed of organs. Hence, OitOANir Functions
are those possessed by both animals and vege-
tables. It is also used synonymously with vital,
in contradistinction to physical.
Organic Chemistry, see Chymistry.
OnGANic Diseases or Lesions are such as
concern the organ itself, in contradistinction to
functional, ral"ional, or dynam'ic, which merely
concern the function. Of course, organic dis-
eases of a part are always more' serious than
functional.
Organic Nervous System, see Trisplanchnic
nerve.
OR'GANICISM, Orr/anicisin'us, from opyavov,
'an organ.' The doctrine of the localization of
disease, or which refers it always to a material
lesion of an organ. A modern term, but not
much used.
ORGANISATTO, Organization.
ORGANISATUS, Organized.
OR'GAXISM. Same etymon as organ. The
living economy. Many physiologists have used
this word synonymously with organization ; but
more especially to designate the aggregate of
vital actions in organized beings, animals as well
as vegetables. The collection of parts com-
posing an organized body, and the laws which
govern it.
ORGANIZABIL'ITY. from organisatin. and
hahilis. 'suitable.' Capability of organization or
of being formed into living tissue. Substances
possessed of such capability — as fibrin — are said
to be organizahle.
ORGANIZABLE, see Organizability.
ORGANIZATION
660
ORPIMENT
ORGANIZA'TION, Orgnnim'tio, from o^y<^vo^,
'an organ.' The manner of structure iiropor to
different beings. It is also employed in tlie sense
of the structure of a part; as, the organisation
of the heart, &c.
Organization, Compounds of, Principles, im-
mediate.
OR'UANIZED, Or'gnnis itiifruc'tun, Organi-
sa'tu8, (F.) Organise. That which is composed
of organs.
Organized Bodies, (F.) Corps organises, are
those endowed with life; i. e. animals and vege-
tables: in contrndistinction to inorganic bodies,
■which comprise the mineral kingdom. See Corpus.
ORGANOCIIEMIA, Chymistry, organic.
ORGANOG"ENY, Orgnnogcn'ia, Organngen'-
esis, from opyavov, 'an organ,' and ytvcati, 'gene-
ration.' The doctrine of the formation of different
organs.
ORGANOGNO'SIA, from opyavov, and yvuxrn,
'knowledge.' The knowledge and discrimination
of orgnnized bodies.
ORGANOG'RAPHY, Organograph'ia, from
opyavov, and ypa<pv, 'a description.' A description
of the organs of a living body.
ORGANOLEPTIC, Plastic.
ORGANOLOGY, Anatomy, Craniology.
ORGANON OLFACtOs, Nasus.
ORGANONOM'IA, from n^yavov, and vofioi,
' a law.' Tlie doctrine of the laws of organic
life.
ORGANOZOONOMIA, Zoonomia.
ORGANUM, Instrument.
OR(jASM, Orgas'nnis, Orgo'sis, from oflyna,
'I desire ardently,' 'I am excited.' (EMrua'tion.
A strong impulse or desire for something. State
of excitement and turgesoence of any organ what-
ever. Erethism. Applied particularly to the
height of venereal excitement in sexual inter-
course.
ORGASMUS, Turgesoence.
ORGAS'TICA. Same etymon. The second
order of the class Geneticn of Good. Defined :
diseases affecting the orgasm ; organic or consti-
tutional infirmity disordering the power or the
desire of i)rocreating.
ORGE. Rage.
OROE, Ilordeum — o. PerU, see Ilordeum.
ORGEAT, Svrupus amygdalae.
ORG E LET.' B.ordiett\mn.
ORGEOLET, Hordeolum.
ORG OS IS, Orgasm.
ORICIIALCUM, Brass.
ORICULAR, Auricular.
ORICULE, Auricle, Pavilion of the ear.
ORIFICIUM, Mouth— o. Dextrum Ventriculi,
Pylorus — o. Uteri, Os uteri — o. Uterinum, see
Ilterus — o. Yaginale, see Uterus — o. Ventriculi
Sinistruin, Cardia.
ORItJ'ANUM, 0. vulga're seu heracleot'icnm,
(Opiyavov, from opog, 'a mountain,' and yavog, ' de-
light.') Cinii'fa bu'biihi, ifajora'na mtiucura'na,
Zazarhen'di herba. Wild or Common marjoram,
Mancnra'na, (F.) Pled de lit. Ord. Labiatce.
t^ex. Si/st. Didynamia Gymnospermia. This plant
resembles marjoram in smell ; and has a pungent
taste, much like thyme. It is aromatic and
stimulant ; and its oil possesses the properties of
the essential oils in general. The oil. Oleum ori-
i/ani (Ph. U. S;), is very pungent, and is rarelj'
given internally. It is use<l in toothache.
OiiiGANiiM Aquatici'm, Eupatorium cannabi-
num — o. Creticum, 0. dictamnus.
Origanum Dictam'nus, 0. Cret'icum, Dictam'-
lins Crct'icu", Amar'aciis tomento'sus, Oni'tis,
Ditt'ani/ of Crete, (F.) Dietamne de Crete. The
leaves of this plant were once recommended as
cmmenagogue and alexipharmic.
OrucAMiM nKRACLROTici'M, Origanum.
OhIGANI'M JLv.IOUA'NA, 0. majoranoVdes, Ma-
jorana, jif. horteii'xis, Sii^cct viar'joram, Stinip'.
uncus, Agriorig'annm, Amnr'acus, (F.) Marjo-
laine. Its odour is strong and fragrant; tasto
aromatic and bitterish. Its properties are those
of a stomachic and errhine. It is chiefly used,
however, for culinary purposes, and as a snull' in
headache.
Origanitm SyRiACUM, Toucrium marum.
ORIGINAIRE (F.), from origo, ori,,iuis, 'ori-
gin.' This term lias been used, hy French wri-
ters, in the same sense as congenital. It is par-
ticularly applied to affections depending upon
faulty conformation, or to faulty couformii'.ion
itself.
ORIGO, Arche.
ORISMOLOGY, Terminology.
ORLEANA, see Terra Orleana.
ORME, Appetite.
OHM E, Ulmus — o. Champitre, Ulmus — o. Pi/-
ramiddle, Ulmus.
ORMEAU. Ulmns.
ORMSKIRK MED'ICINE. A celebrated nn-
tylissic remedy, supposed to consist of Pnlv. Cre-
/(S, ,^ss; Pol. Armen. ^'\\y. Alumin. gr. x; Pnlv.
InutcB. 3J ; 01. Anisi, gtt. vj.
This is taken for a dose every morning for six
times, in a glass of water, with a small proportion
of fresh milk.
ORNAMENTUM FOLIACEUM, see Tube,
Fallopian.
ORNITHOG'ALUM ALTIS'SIMUM. (Opn-
^oyiXov, a, fanciful name, from opvn, opriSos, "a
bird,' and yaXa, 'milk.') A South African jilaiit,
Nat. Ord. Asphodeleas, the ileshy bulb of wliicli
is diuretic. An oxymel is prepared of it, which
is given in catarrh, asthma, phthisis, and liydro-
thorax. It resembles squill in its medical pro-
perties.
Ornithogaldm Maritimum, Scilla — o. Squilla,
Scilla.
ORNITIIOGLOSSA, see Fraxinus excelsior.
ORNUS EUROP^A, see Fraxinus ornns— n.
Mannifera, Fraxinus ornus — o. Rotunilifoliii,
Fraxinus ornus — o. Sylvestris, Fraxinus excel-
sior. _
OROBAN'CIIB VIRGINTA'NA, {opoliayxi,
from otiofioi, 'the orobus,' and uy;^a), 'I strangle.')
Epiphe'giiK seu Epifa'gus America'nns seu Virgi-
nia'nns, Virgin'ia broom-rape, Reech-drops, Ciin-
cer-root. Eamilij, Orobanchoideic. This para-
sitic plant is astringent, and a peculiar and ex-
tremely nauseous bitter. It is most powerfid
when fresh. It has been used in dysentery ; and,
externally, to obstinate ulcers.
Oroban'ohe Amehica'na, and 0. Unifi.o'ra,
have the same properties, and are, likcwi.«e, called
Cancer-root, Earth-clnb, and Clapwort.
ORORE. Ervum ervilia.
OROBION, see Ervum ervilia.
OROBOi'DES, from opojSo;, 'the orobus,' and
£iSas, 'form.' Oroho'des. Having the shape of
the orobus. A name given to urine, Urina nm-
bo'des seu oroboi'diK. when depositing a suhstanto
of a fawn colour, like the meal of the orobus.
OROBUS. Ervum ervilia— o. Faba, Vicia faba.
OROiyGE, sec Agaric.
OROPHALL'US, from opog. or oppog, 'the
rump,' and (/«o».or, 'the male organ.' A innnstor
having a second male organ originating from the
rump. — Gurlt.
ORGS, Cronpion. Serum.
OR'PIMENT, Anripigmen'tnm, Orpin, lli"i-
gnl'lnm, Pissigallnm, Cloan.r, Elome, Sim, Lent))-
nias, Spee'ulnm cit'rinnm, Yrides, Yride. The
native yellow sulphuret of arsenic. It is poi.«on-
ous, but less so than the oxide. It is. also, called
Adarigo, Adarnech, Ahiisul, AUhauacha, Azarnet.
ORPIN
6G1
OS
The Turks prcpure a depihitory with it, which
ibcy fi'll ItuHiiiii.
ORPIN, Orpiinent— .o. BrOlanl, Sedum — o.
Griiit'l, Seduiu tulcpbium — o. liepriise, Sedum
tfk'iiliiiun.
Olll'IXE, Si'diim telephium.
OllKIIOCIIKZrA, Diarrhoeji, serous.
ORHIIOCYST'IS, from oppoi, 'serum,' and
Kvarif, 'a bl.Tddcr.' An encysted tumuur cou-
tuiiiiii^ a ferous fluid.
(lllRIIOIIYMKXrriS. Hydrohymenitis.
ORRIIOl'YC'ION. The inferior extremity of
the vertebral column ; from opoi, 'extremity,' and
iriiyr}, 'the nates.' The os coccygis. Also, the
raplie, cxti'inling from the penis to the anus, and
si'pnrnlitif; the scrotum into two parts.
URRIIORRIKE'A. from o/),.r>j, 'serum,' and
ptiii, 'I How.' A morbidly increased secretion of
a serous fluid.
ORRilOS, Ci-onpion, Serum.
ORRIS, Iris Florentina — o. Common, Iris
Ocrnianica.
OnSFJLLR, Lichen roccella.
OllTEIL, Diiritus pedis.
ORTIIOUO'LUM, from op9oj, 'straight,' and
(ca-Xuv, 'liuib.' Stiffness of the limb, so that it is
kept quite straiiiht.
ORTIIODON'TIA, from op^.,?, 'straight, right,'
and aiovi, (iliovTOi, 'a tooth.' The part of dentistry
which is concerned in the treatment of irregularity
of the teeth.
ORTIIODO'RON. A measure with the Greeks,
equal to eleven fiti<rer-hreadths.
0 RT II 0 (} ' N AT II 0 U S, from opSof, ' right,
straight,' and yvaOoq, 'jaw.' Having a vertical
jaw. A term applied to the form of head in
which the facial angle approaches the right
anjle.
ORTlIOMORPIirA, OrthoDwdia.
0RTI10M<»RPlI08rS, OrthopiBdia.
ORTIIOXTROPIA, Orthopjcdia.
OWTIIOVAIDV KMrthopa-: cUve.Orthomor' ph !(,,
Orth<)iii()rj)li(>'nii, Orthimtrop' 1(1, Orlhupe'dics, from
';p5o{, 'right,' and jnnj, Trai^uf, 'a child.' The
part of medicine whose object is to prevent and
correct deformity in the bodies of children. Often
used, however, with a more extensive significa-
tion, to embrace the correction or prevention of
deformities at all ages. OithoHoinat'icn, Orlhimo-
viat'ice, from updo;, 'right,' and aw^ia, 'body,' has
been proposed as a preferable term.
0RTI10PE'DIC,0'Mo;)ffi'-//ci('(,- same etymon.
Relating to orthopoeilia, — as Orthopedic /nstilu-
tidii, I II it i hi' III III orthopce'divinn seu orthopm'dliim :
an institution for the correction or prevention of
deformities in children.
ORTIIOPRDICS, Orthopredia.
ORTIIOPE'DIST, Ortho'tei; Orthnpce'd!cii<l.
Same etvraon. One who practises orthopwdia.
ORTl'lOPIIO'NrA, from opdog, 'right,' and
^uxi). 'voice.' A <;ood pronunciation.
ORTIIOPirRKN'IC. Oithnphren'!ciio, from
oitQoi. 'right,' and iipnv, 'mind.' Relating to
sound miiicl, and to the care of insanity.
ORTIIOPNtE'A, Siifoc'tio, Straiiffida'fio,
Pi'tB/iicn'tio, I'lilx, Piiiipiiim, Eiithi/p'noe, Eii-
ihijpufe'rt, Ani/oi; Apiicc'ii, from op-Jof, ' right,'
'stniight.' and rvfu), ' I respire.' Impracticability
of brciithing in the horizontal posture. Necessity
of being in the erect posture, in order to respire.
OiiTHoi'NtEV C.vuDi.vcA, Angina Pectoris — o.
Convulsiva, Asthma — o. Cynancbica, Cynanehe
tracbcalis — o. Ilydrothoracica, llydrothoras — o.
Hysterica, Angone — o. Pituitosa, Mycorthopnoea
— 0. Tussiculosa, Pertussis.
ORTIIOSOMATinK. Ortbopredia.
OliTlinsOMA TIQf'E. Ortbopiedia.
ORTIIOrKR, Ortbo|)edist.
ORTIIYSTEROPTOM.\, Prolapsus uteri.
ORTIIYSTEROPTOSIS, Prolapsus uteri.
OUT IE, Urtica — o. Blanche, Lamium album —
o. flid/iiiite, Urtica ureus — o. Jlorte, Lamium.
album — o. }[oite des Boia, Galeopsis — o. liomaine,
Urtica pilulifera.
OHTY'X, Tetrao coturnix.
ORUS, Ci-oiip!,>n, Serum.
OR VALE, Salvia sclarea.
ORVIETA'NU.M. From the Italian Oivie-
fnno. An electuary regarded as an invaluable
antidote, and composed of Old theriac, Dried vi-
pers, Scorzniiera, Carlinn, Imperutorinm, Aiigel-
icn, Bistort, Rosemarr/, Junij)er, Cinnniiion, Cloves,
Mace, Honey, and a crowd of other substances.
Its medical properties resembled, in some re-
spects, those of the theriac. It was so called,
according to some, because invented by Orvietano,
a celebrated charlatan ; or, according to others,
from Orvieto, a town in Italy.
OllY'ZA, Opu^u, Ory'za sati'va. Rice, (F.) Riz.
Family, Gramineic. Sex. Syst. Ilexandria Mono-
gynia. A plant, almost aquatic, and indigenous
in China, one of the richest productions of Egypt,
and which prospers in the warmer regions of the
four quarters of the globe. The grain inclosed
in the husk is called by the Malays Paddy, Pad!,
or Paddie ; when deprived of the husk. Bras,
and when boiled, Kasi. Its amylaceous seeds,
Ory'za, Ory'zuin, Ilordeum (jalac'ticum, nourish
more men than those of wheat and rye together.
Besides being alimentary, they are demulcent
and emollient. Gardiner's alimentary p>repiira-
tion is very finely ground rice-meal.
Mncilatje of Rice, Rice water, may he formed
by taking one ounce of rice, and, having washed
it, macerating it for three hours in a quart of
tepid soft wafer, in a pan placed upon a stove ;
then boiling the whole slowly for another hour,
and straining through a sieve.
It may be sweetened and acidulated, or be
prepared with milk, like arrow-root, and be used
as a demulcent.
Jlice Jelly is made by macerating a sufficient
quantity of clean rice in as much water as will
cover it; boiling slowly, adding water as it evap-
orates, until the rice is reduced to a pap, sweet-
ening and flavouring with lemon-jnice or vniiilla,
and passing through a fine sieve into a form or
mould. It may be eaten alone or with milk : and
is a good dietetic preparation fur those of weak
digestive powers.
Ground rice. Take a tablespoonful of yround
rice, a pint and a half of milk, and half an ounce
of candied lemon-peel. Rub the rice smooth with
the milk : then add the lemon-peel cut into small
pieces ; boil for half an hour, and strain whilst
the milk is hot. It is used in the same eases as
rice jelly.
OS, Bone, Mouth, see Ossiculum — o. Aeromii,
Acromion — o. Adjutorium, Humeri os — o. Alae-
forme, Sphenoid — o. Alagas, Coccyx, Sacrum
— o. Alatum, Sphenoid bone — o. Amphideon,
Os uteri — o. Anonyme, Innominatum os — o.
Anonymum, Innominatum os — o. Anticum,
Avant honche — o. Arcuale, Temporal bone — o.
Armale, Temporal bone — o. Asser, Sternum —
o. de I'Assiette, Ischion — 0. Az.ygos, Sphenoid
— o. BallistiB, Astragalus ^ 0. Basilare, Occi-
pital bone. Palate bone. Sacrum, Sphenoid — o.
Baxillare, Sphenoid — o. Bicorne, Ilyoides os — o.
Brachiale, Humeri os — o. Brachii, Humeri os — o.
Caleis, Calcaneum— o. Capitatum, Magnum os —
o. Cauda;, Occipital bone — o. Cluninm, Sacrum —
0. Coccygis, Coccyx — o. Colatorii, Sphenoid bone
— o. Colatorium, Ethmoid bone — o. Coliforme,
Ethmoid — o. Convolutum superius, 'Turbinated
bone, middle — o. Coronale, Frontal bone — o.
Coxre, Innominatum os — o. Co.val, Innominatum
OS, Ischion — o. Cribleux, Ethmoid — o. Cribri-
OS C ROT AT II ALE
GG2
OSCIIONCUS
forme, Etliuioid — o. Cribrosum, Ethmoid — o.
Cristiitiim, Eihinoid — o. Cruchii, Os unt-iforiue.
OS CUOTAPnALE. A name given by M.
Beclard to a bone sometimes met witb at the an-
terior and inferior angle of the parietal bone ; from
Kporui/iof, 'the temple.'
Os Crotapiiiticum, Temporal bone — o. Cubi-
cum, Ethmoid bone — -o. ad Cubitale, Radius —
o. Cubiti Inferius, Ulna — o. de la Cuisse, Femur
— 0. Cuneiforme, Sphenoid — o. Cuneo couipara-
tum, Sphenoid — o. Cymbiforme, Scaphoid bone
— 0. Disciforme, Patella — o. Durum, Temporal
bone — ■ o. Ensiforme, Sternum.
OS EPA CTALE. A name given to one of the
ossa Wormiana ; particularly to one met with in
the posterior fontanelle, and which has been de-
scribed by G. Fischer, under the name On Epac-
tale seu Goethia'nuvi.
OS EPACTAUX, AVormiana ossa.
Os ExTEKNUM. The entrance into the vagina,
in contradistinction to the Os inter'num or Os ti'teri.
Os ExTKA Ordinem Carpi, Os pisiforme — o-
Pemoris, Femur — o. Fibrosum, Occipital bone —
o. Foraminulentum, Ethmoid — o. Frontis, Fron-
tal bone — o. Gense, Mala3 os — o. Gladioli, Ster-
num— o. Grand, Magnum os — o. Grand, col dii,
Collum ossis magni — o. Grandinosum, Cuboid — o.
Gutturis, Ilyoides os — o. Iliimatum, Os unciforme
— o. IJors du nnuj, Os pisiforme- — o. Ilypopium,
Malae os — o. Hyjiseloides, Ilyoides os — o. Incon-
jugatum, Sphenoid — o. Iiicudi similis. Incus — o.
Inferius ventriculi. Pylorus — o. Linomine, Inno-
luinatum os — o. Intercales, Wormiana ossa — o.
Internum, see Uterus — o. Invcrccundum, Frontal
bone — 0. Ischii, Ischion — o. Interparictale, Inter-
parietal bone — o. Jugale. Mala3 os — o. Jugamen-
tum, Malee os — o. Juguli, Clavicle — o. Lacrymale,
Unguis OS — o. Lambda, Occipital bone — o. Lamb-
doides, Ilyoides os. Occipital bone — o. Lapideum,
Temporal bone- — o. Lapidosum, Temporal bone
— o. Latum, Sacrum — o. Latum humeri, Scapula,
— o. Lenticulare, Os orbieulare, Os pisiforme — o.
Lepidoides, Temporal lione — o. Linguae, Ilyoides
OS — o. Linguale, Ilyoides os — o. Lithoides, Tem-
poral bone — • 0. Magnum, neck of the, Collum
ossis magni — o. 3l<d<iire, M>\]de os — o. Malare,
Malae os — o. Maxillas superioris undecimum,
Vomer — o. 3faxiUaire infen'eure, Collum mandi-
bula; — o. Memento mori. Temporal bone — o. Me-
moriae, Occipital bone — o. Mendosum, Temporal
bone — o. Morsus Adami, Thyroid cartilage — o.
Mucronatuni, Xiphoid cartilage — o. Multangulum
majus, Trapezium os — o. Multangulum minus,
Trapezoides os — o. Multiforme, Ethmoid, Siihe-
noid — o. Ndsanx, Nasal bones — o. Naviculare, Os
scaphoides — o. Nervale, Temporal bone — o. Ner-
vosum, Occipital bone — o. Occipiti, Occipital bone
— o. Orbieulare, Os pisiforme — o. da Palais, Pa-
late bone — ^ o. Palati, Palate bone — o. Palatin,
Palate bone — o. PapilJare, Sphenoid — o. Parie-
tale inferius. Temporal bone — o. Paxillare, Sphe-
noid • — o. Pectiiiis, Pubis, os — o. Pectoris, Ster-
num— o. Pelvi-eephalieum, Occipital bone — o.
Pelvis laterale. Innominatum os — o. Perone, Fi-
bul.a — 0. Petrosum, Temporal bone — o. Polymor-
phon. Sphenoid — o. de la Pomme.tte, Malce os — o.
Posterutn, Pharynx — o. Praeruptai rupi assimila-
tum. Temporal bone — o. Procubitale, Ulna — o.
Prnpres dii nez. Nasal bones — o. Prorse, Frontal
bone, Occipital bone — o. Pterygoideum, Sphenoid
— o. Pudieum, Malas os — o. Puppis, Frontal bone,
Occipital bone — o, Pyramidale carpi, Trapezoides
OS — o. Pyxidis, Occipital bone — o. Rationis, Fron-
tal bone — Q. dii Riiyon, Radius — o. Sacrum, Sa-
crum— o. Saxeum, Temporal bone — o. Scutiforme,
Patella — o. de Seche, Sepia — o. Sedentarium, see
Ischiatic — o. Semilunare, Lunare os — o. Sextum
cranii, Occipital bone — o. du Sinapul, Parietal
bones, see Sinciput — o. S"ns-ellnn(j'idid, Turbi-
nated bono, inferior — o. Sphono-bnsihire, Occi-
pital bone — o. Siihccoideuni, Sphenoid — o. S)ihe-
Tioidalc, Sphenoid — o, Si)henoi(ics, Siihciioid — o.
Sliongiosum, Ethmoid — o. Spongiosum inl'criu.o,
Turbinated bone, inferior — o. Spongiosum me-
dium. Turbinated bone, middle — o. Spongiosum
superius. Turbinated bone, middle, Turbiiinlcd
bone, superior — o. Spongoidcs, Ethmoid — o,
Si^uamosum, Temporal bone — o. Subocnhire,
Malae os — o. Sin)i>(ineiaires, AVormiana ossa — a.
Snsniaxillaire, Maxillary (superior) bone — o.
Sylvii, Os orbieulare — o. Syncipitis, Frontal bone
— o, Teuii)oris, Temporal bone — o. Tesserio, As-
tragalus, Cuboid — o. Tliyrcoides, Patella — o. Tiliijo
minus. Fibula — o. Tincae, Os utcri-^o. Tri'imyn-
laires, AVormiana ossa — o. Turbiiiiitum, Tiiilii-
nated bone, middle — o. Turbinatum inferius. Tur-
binated bone, inferior — o. Uncinatum, Os uuui-
forme — o. Upsiloides, Ilyoides os.
Os U'tehi, Os tinccB scu intei-'nvm scu (im-
phid'eon seu mnphid'tiim, Piolos'poins, Os'clntni,
HijsteroH'tovin, Os'iuhim seu orifit" ivni v'Uii,
JJysterostotn'iinn, Ihjsteros'tonia. (F.) 3/iiscini de
Tanvhe. The mouth of the womb, see Uterus.
Os Uteri Externum, see Uterus — o. Uteri in-
ternum, see Uterus — o. Yarium, Culioid — o. A'es-
piforme. Sphenoid — o. Vomeris, Vomer — o.
Worniiens, Wormiana ossa — o. Xiphoiilcs, Ster-
num— o. Ypseloides, Ilyoides os — o. Zygomati-
cum, Mala? os.
OSCEDO, Yawning.
0 S C H ^ M A T (E D E ' M A, Owlicrmade'nia,
QSde'ma scroti crnen'tum ; from ocr:;^£oi', ' scroHiin,'
'aijxa, 'blood,' and oihr^jta, ' ffidema.' Eflusiun of
blood into the scrotum.
OSCII^MffiDEMA, OschaDmatocdema.
OSCIIE, Scrotum.
OSCIIEITIS, Orebeitis, Oscbitis.
OSCIIEO CARCINOMA, Cancer, chimney-
sweepers'.
OSCIIEOCE'LE, Oschnce'le, Scrotoce'h, from
oaxtov, 'the scrotum,' and (ojX);, 'tumour;' Scro-
tal hernia, see Bubonocele. Sauviiges uses ok-
cheoccle in the sense of Dropsy of the scrutiiw,
see Hydrocele.
Os('HEOCELE Aqiiosa, Ilydroseheocele — o. Fln-
tulenta, Physocele— o. Hydatidosa, Ilydatidocelo
— o. a^^dematiea, CEdematoscheocele — o. Semina-
lis, Spermatocele— 0. Urinalis, Urocele— o. Vari-
cosa. Varicocele.
OSCHEOCHALASIE, from oax'ov, 'the scro-
tum,' and p^;aAu(Tif, 'relaxation.' A tumour re-
sulting from hypertrophy of the areolar tis.'^uo
of the scrotum, and the excessive extension of
the skin of the part,— an affection which has been
confounded with sarcocele. — Alibert.
OSCIIEON, Scrotum, Os uteri.
OSCHEON'CUS, Oschon'cns, OschenpJiy'nm,^
Oschophy'ma, from osc.heon, and oyKoi, ' a tumour.
A preternatural swelling of the scrotum.
OSCHEOPIIYMA, Oseheoncus.
OSCIIE OPLAS'TIC, Oscheoplas'ticvs, from
oscheon,' and TAa<7<rw, ' I form.' An epithet given
to the operation for restoring the scrotum when
lost. Os'cheoplasly. ^
OSCIIEOPY(EI)E'MA, Osehnpycede'ma, CFaIc -
ma scroti puriden'tum. Purulent tumefaction of
the scrotum.
OSCHEUS. Scrotum.
OS'CHION. The raised margin of the os uteri.
According to some,an excrescence from tlieos utcn.
Oi^CUl'TlS, Orchci' lis, Osch^i'tis, hiflnmmn'lio^
scroti, from oscheon, and ills, 'inflammation.
Inflammation of the scrotum.
OSCIIOGARCINOMA, Cancer, chimney-
sweepers'.
OSCIIOCELE, Oscheocele, Scrotocele.
OSCIIONCUS, Oseheoncus.
OSCIIOniYMA
663
OSSICULA
scroti
'OSCIIOPHYMA, Oscheoncus.
O.SCII01'V<I->1)K\IA, Oscheo|)yce.l;'!nri.
0 S C H I' R (K D K ' M A : from otvliemi, ovpov,
'urine,' unil oictjua, ' oedeiiia.' CEUeiua from effu-
gioii (if urine into tlio scrotum.
OSCIIIIS. Scrotum.
OSCIIYDRtEDL'MA, from otrheon,
'water,' and oihtiyta, ' ocjL-Tna.' lEdema
aqii'i'iiaiii. Watery oeilema of the .scrotum.
OSCrLLA'TIO, Irritability, Oscillation.
OSCILLA'TION, OwiHu'tio; from oidllum,
'an ima^e, perhaps of Bacchus, hung on ropes,
anil swung up ami down in the air.' Vibration,
Vih)(t'iiicii, Vihi-d'tin, Vihni'tiis. Also, a partial
rotatory movement of the eyeball to and from its
untero-posterior axis.
OS'CITANT (FEVER), Febrh o>,'citan», (F.)
Fiiore imeltdttte, from oHcit<ire, ' to yawn.' A fever,
in whieh the patient is continually yawning.
O.SCITATIO. Yawning.
OSCULATORrUS. Orbicularis oris.
OSCULUM UTHRI, Os uteri.
OSCUS. Scrotum.
OSKILLtJ, Rumex acetosus — o. Boucher, Ru-
mex scutatus — <>. Petite, Rumex seutatus — <>.
Jtniiile, Ruuiex seutatus — o. liuttije, Rumex san-
guineus.
OS'fl'JIi, Salix alba — o. red, Cornus sericca.
OS'.MAZOAIE, Oi'inozdiiie, 0'<iii(izo' hik, Oinio-
zn'iiiii, On'mfizi)ne, ZomixV mum, (Y.) Mnliere ex-
Iractice (In Bouillon, Extrnit de viaiide ; Extrtie' -
tioe or SiiponnceouH extract of meat ; from otr/xiy,
'smell,' and ^uj//o{, 'soup.' M. Thenard gave
this name to an extractive matter, col^tained in
niuseuliir flesh and in the blood of animals, which
he considers of a [jeculiar nature. It has an
agreeable smell and taste, and is found in Bouil-
liiiiH of meat, in the proportion of one part to
seven of gelatin. Vauquelin discovered in it
some fungi. It is the substance which gives the
flavour of meat to soups, and hence its name.
It is a mixture of ditferent crystallizablo and un-
crystuUi/.ablo principles with empyreumatic pro-
ducts.
Osmazome has been prescribed in the dose of
_^ss to ^^j, in broth or in powder, with aroraatics,
as a stimulant to the digestive actions and a re-
storer of appetite in convalescence. An Osma-
zome choc'olate, Oliocola'ta cum osmazo'ma, has
been introduced as an analeptic article of diet.
It consists of chocolate Ibj to osmazome 5j.
OSMH. Odour.
O.'^MESIS. Olfaction.
OSMIDllO'SIS, from off/iif, 'odour,' and 'iiJpwf,
•sweat.' Perspiration of an unusual odour.
GSMITOPS'IS ASTERISCOI'DES, Beilis.
A plant, of the Cape of Good Hope, which, from
its smell anil taste, seems to contain camphor;
hence its antispasmodic virtues. In infusion, it
is often beneficially employed in cough, hoarse-
lies;;, and diseases of the chest generally, and is
said to be serviceable in flatulent colic. Infused
in spirit, spir'itus bcU'idis, it has been used suc-
tessfullv as an external remedy in paralysis.
OS.MOMETRICUS SEXSU'S. Olfaction.
OSi.MOX'OSI, Osmoiiu'si, Jforhi olfac'tAs, from
off/i.;. 'odour,' and voaoi, 'a disease.' Diseases of
olfaction.
0SM0NO.'^OLOG"TA. from oc*i.?, ' odour.' vocog.
'disease.' and Aoyof, ' description.' The doctrine
of. or a treatise on, the diseases of the sense of
smell.
O.^MORRTII'ZA LOJTGIS'TYLTS. (<,»;,/,. 'a
scent.' and pi^a, 'a root,') Sweet Cic"eli/. An in-
digenous plant, Ori/er, Umhollifera?, which flowers
in .M:iy and June. It is an agreeable aromatic,
havin;: mu(di of the flavour of anise.
OS.MO.">E, Oi'uo'nis ; from oiafwi, 'impulse.'
The action by which fluids are impelled through
moist memhrane and other porous septa, in en-
dosmotic and exosmotic experiments.
OSMOT'IC, Osmot'icng, same etymon. Re-
lating or belonging to osmose : as " osmotic force,"
the force which induces osmose.
OSMOZOME, Osmazome.
OS.MUND, ROYAL, Osmunda regalis.
0 S M U N'D A C I N N A M O'M E A, Ciavamon
Fern. Indigenous; Order, Filices; is regarded
to be demulcent, subastringent, and tonic. Builecl
in milk, it yields a fine mucilage, which is usefiii
in diarrhoea.
Osjiun'da. ReGA'liS, 0. sjiectab'ilis. Filix
Flor'ida, Floip'eriiig Fern, Osmund-roynl. This
plant was once thought to possess astringent and
emmenagogne virtues.
Osmunda Sprctabilis, 0. regalis.
OSOROX, Opium.
OSPllRANTERICUS, Olfactory.
OSPIIRANTICOS, Olfactory
OSPHRASIA, Olfaction.
OSPIIRESIOL'OGY, 0>^phrrmolorj"ia, from
oat/iprjais, 'olfaction,' and Xoyoi, 'a discourse.' A
treatise on olfaction and odours.
OSPHRESIS, Olfaction.
OSPIIRETICUS, Olfactory.
OSPHRIS'TICE, from oa4,pvcig, 'olfaction.'
The doctrine of the phenomena of odours.
OSPHYALGEMA, Cuxalgia.
OSPilYALGIA, Coxalgia.
OSPHYARTIIRITIS, Osphyitis.
OSPHYARTHKOCACE, Ccxarura morbus.
OSPIIYI'TIS, 0><ph;j'ti8, Osphyorthri-ti», In.
flamma'tio coxa>., from o(t0us, 'the hip,' and itis,
denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the parts
about the hip.
OSPIIYRRHEUMA, Lumbago.
OSPHYS, Haunch, Lumbi.
OSPHYTIS, Osphyitis.
OSSA BREGMA-riS, Parietal bones— o. Con-
voluta inferiora. Turbinated bones, inferior — o.
Digitorum mantis. Phalanges of the fingers — o.
Digitorum pedis, Phalanges of the toes— o. Epac-
talia, Wormiana ossa — o. Maxiilse superioris
quarta sen quinta seu secunda. Nasal bones — o.
Nasalia, Nasal bones — o. Nasi, Nasal bones — o.
Nervalia, Parietal bones — o. Pisiformia lingualia,
see Hyoides, os — o. Raphogeminantia, Wormiana
ossa — o. Sesamoidea, Sesamoid bones — o. Sin-
cipitis, Parietal bones — o. Spongiosa, Turbinated
bones — o. Suturarum, Wormiana ossa — o. Tertia
maxilliB superioris, Turbinated bones — o. Tetra-
gona. Parietal bones — o. Triangularia, Sphenoidal
cornua — o. Triangularia Blasii, AVormiana ossa
— o. Triquetra, Wormiana ossa — o. Triticea, see
Hyoides, os — o. Turbinuta, Turbinated boues — o.
Vertical ia. Parietal bones.
OSSEINE. Osteine.
OSSELETS DE BERTIN, Sphenoidalia cor-
nua— o. de rOreiUe, Ossicula auditds — o. de
rOnie, Ossicula auditfls — o. du Tympan, Ossicula
auditfls.
OSSEOUS, Os'wi(«, Osto'des, OatoVdes, Ostoid,
(F.) Oiseux ; from OS, ' a bone.' Bony. Resem-
bling bone.
OSSICLES. Ossicula, see Ossiculum.
OSSICULA, see Ossiculum.
Ossic'ULA Audi'tus, 0. Auris, (F.) Osi>clets de
VoreiUe ou de I'ouie ou du ti/»ipon. The sniaU
bones or ossicles situate in the cavity of the tym-
panum, and forming an uninterrupted chain from
the membrane of the tj'mpanum to that of tl.e
fenestra ovalis. They are four in number; and
their series, from without to within, is as fol-
lows: Jfalleus; Incus, Os orhicuhire. Stupes,
Ossicula Berti.vi, Sphenoidalia cornua — o.
Innominata, Innominata minora ossa — o. Nasi,
Nasal bones — o. Sesatuoidea, Sesamoid boues — o.
Triticea, see Hyoides, os.
OSSICULUM
n G 4
OSTEO-SARCOMA
OS:=TC'ULUM, (plurnl OssU-'uh,,) Osta'rion,
O^'gicle. Diminutive of os, ossin, ' a bone.' A
small bone. See Os.
Ossici'LUM Cochleare, Orbicular bone — o.
Ineudi Comparatuin, Incus — o. Mnllcolo assi-
uiilatuin. Malleus — o. Molari ilenti comparatuin,
Incus — o. Orbiculare, Orbicular bone — o. Quar-
tuin, Orbicular bone — o. Squamosum, Orbicular
bone.
OSSIFICA'TION, Ossifica'tio, Ossl/nc'tio, from
im, 'a bone,' anrl/«cere, 'to make.' O^tengeu'in,
Oiteocfen'fsin, Oxteo'sis, Oslo'xis. Formation of
bone. Development or increase of the osseous
system. Ossification takes place in the same
manner as the nutrition of other organs. The
bones are, at first, mucous, and afterwards carti-
laginous ; the cartilage, at length, receives the
jihosphate of lime, and is, at the same time, re-
placed by a gelatinous parenchyma, when the
bone has acquired the whole of its development.
Ossification, Points of, Pnnct<t seu Nu'clei
(itxiJicatio'viK, Nu'clei ossei, are the points where
the ossification of a bone commences, whence it
extends to other parts. Almost all the bones
jiresent a greater or less number of points of
ossification. Besides the natural ossification,
■which we observe in the foetus and in the first
periods of life, there are also ano'den'tal oisijicn-
tionn. such as those frequently remarked after
the inflammation of serous membranes, in the
parietes of arteries, and to which the terms Os-
tliex'in, Incrusta'tion and Pclr If ac' lion have,
sometimes, been applied.
OSSTFRAGA. Osteocolla.
OSSTS SACRI ACUMEN, Cocoy.t.
0S8TSANA, Osteocolla.
OSSIV'OROUS, from os, ossis, 'a bone,' and
v(ii/>, 'I devour.' A species of tumour, mentioned
by Ruysch, which destroys bone.
OS'TAGRA, Oi'terxjrn, from, oortov, 'a bone,'
and aypa, 'seizure.' A forceps to cut or remove
portions of bone.
OSTALGIA. Ostcocopus.
OSTARIUM, Ossiculum.
OSTARTIIRITIS, Arthrophlogosis.
OSTARTHROCACE, Spina ventosa.
OSTEAGRA. Ostagra.
OSTEALGIA, Osteocopus.
OSTEfDE, Osteoid.
OS'TEINE. Oisci/ie, from ocreov, 'abone.' The
animal matter of bone.
OSTEITES, Osteocolla.
OSTEI'TIS, Oxti'tSx, from oorrov, 'a bone,' and
•tV)'«. IiifJnnimn'ti'o Oisis. Inflammation of bone ;
characterized by violent shooting and lancinating
pains in a bone.
OSTEMPYE'SIS, Osteempi/e'h-is, Ostempi/o'nin.
from niTTcnv. ' »■ bone,' and ciJitvrio-ii, (cv, and irvov,)
' effusion of pus.' An abscess in the interior of a
bone.
OSTE^IPYOSTS. Ostempyesis.
OSTEOANABROSIS, Osteonabrosis.
OSTEOCE'LE. from oareov, 'a bone,' and Kr;\tj,
' i\ tumour.' A hernia in which the sac is carti-
laginous and bony : — a rare case. Also, osseous
induration of one or both testicles.
OSTEOCLASIS, Fracture.
OSTEOCOL'LA, from oareov, 'a bone,' and
(foAAd. 'glue.' Ghte-hi)ne, Stone or Bone hinder;
Onaifraf/ri, Hoi on' tens, OsxtHn'na, Oitri'fcs, Os-
tci'tes, Amos' teuR, Onteol' ithos, Stelochi'tes. A
name given to petrified carbonate of lime, found
in some parts of Germany and other portions of
the globe ; so called, because it has been sup-
posed to possess the power of favouring the for-
mation of cnllita in fractures. It is the Chanx
cnrbonafee concretionnee incruatnnte of Ilaiiy.
Not used.
OSTEOCOPUS, 0^teal'<jia, Ostal'tjia, Osteo-
(li/n'in, from oanov, 'a. bone,' and Korro;, 'fatigue.*
JJiineiich, Bone-aijue. Pain in the bones, — as iu
syphilis.
OSTEOCYST'OID. Osleocj/xloi'dex, from oareov,
'a bone,' icixrrij, 'a sack or cyst,' and £i(5oj. ' a|)-
pcarance.' A morbid growth iu bono, consisting
of the formation of cysts filled with puriform or
other fluid.
OSTEO DENTINE, see Tooth.
OSTEODYNIA, Ostcocopus.
0STE0GANGR^;NA, Necrosis.
OSTEOGENIA, Ossification.
OSTEOG'RAPIIY, Oxteo.jra'phia, from oorcov,
'a bone.' and ypailjtiv, ' to describe.' Description
of the b(mes. The part of anatomy which de-
scribes the bones.
OSTEOIIELCOSIS, Caries.
OS'TEOID, (hteoVdes, (F.) Oxtiidf, from oartov,
'bone,' and uioi, 'appearance.' An accidental
bony production, or more frequently a morbid
production, which is a calcareous incrustation of
the normal tissue or of fibrous tumours.
OSTEOLITIIOS, Osteocolla.
OSTEOL'OGY, 0>iteolo>j"ia, from ocrtov, 'a
bone,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.' The part of ana-
tomy which treats of bones.
OSTEOLY'O'SIS, from oareov, 'a bone,' and
Xufc), 'I dissolve.' Necrosis or death of the bone,
as in hospital gangrene, in which the dead parts
are of soft consistence.
OSTEOMA, Exostosis.
OSTEOMALACIA, Mollities ossium — o. In-
fantum, Rachitis.
OSTEOMALACOSIS. Mollities ossium.
OSTEOiMYELITIS, Medullitis.
OSTEON, Bone— 0. Hieron, Sacrum.
OSTEONABRO'SIS, Oxteoanabro'iis, from
oareov, 'a bone,' a priv., and Ppi-iai;, 'nutriment.'
Atrophy of the osseous texture marked by dimi-
nution of volume.
OSTEON'CUS, from oareov, 'a bone,' and oy/cof,
'a tumour.' A bony tumour.
OSTEONECROSIS, Necrosis.
OSTEON'OSI, Oxteonii'ii, from oareov, 'a bone,'
and voao^, 'a disease.' Mur'li oe'ninm. Diseases
of the bones.
OSTEOP.EDION, Lithoptedion.
OSTEOPALIN'CLASIS, from oareov, 'a bone,'
Ttn\iv, 'again,' and K'Kaan, 'fracture.' The break-
ing again of a bone which has united unfavour-
ably.
OSTEOPHY^'MA, Ostconcus. Sometimes used
in the sense of Exostosis. By Lobstein applied
to bony productions originating in the deep-
seated layers of the periosteum, in the vicinity
of a carious bone, and which seem to be intended
to obviate the weakness resulting from the de-
struction of the bone.
OSTEOPHYTE. Exostosis.
OSTEOPH'YTON, Os'teophtfte, from oartov, 'a
bone,' and (pvia, 'I grow.' Under this name,
Rokitansky describes a deposition of bony matter,
found by him on the inner surface of the parietea
of the skull of pregnant women.
OS'TEOPLASTY, (F.) Oxieoplnxticjrom oartov,
'a bone,' and -ityaaaetv, 'to form.' An operation
by which the total or partial loss of a bone is
remedied.
OSTEOPLEU'RA, Pieurosto'sis, from oanov,
'a. bone,' and jrXevpov, 'a rib.' Ossification of the
cartilages of the ribs.
OSTEOPORO'SIS, OxteoPchro'xis, from oartov,
'a bone,' and irwp'Doif. 'induration.' Induration
of a bone, from the deposition of too much bony
matter. Also, a bony degeneration, which con-
sists in too great porosity with hardening. [?]
OSTEOPSATHYROSIS, Frngilitas osaium.
OSTEO-SARCO'MA, OHteo-xarco'xix. Soreo$lo''
sis, llcsniatcxostu'eis, from oartov, ' bone,' aud <Tfl/J{>
OSTEOSARCOSIS
CGo
OTITIS
aaiiicof, ' flesh.' Disease of the bony tissue, which
ci)nsi.«t3 in softening of its laminae, and their
triinsfonnalion into a Uesliy suUstance, analogous
Id that of cancer; accompanied with general
eyinptoms of cancerous affection. The word has
often, also, been used synonymously with spina
ventosa.
OSTEOSARCOSIS, Osteosarcoma.
OSTEOSCLEROSIS, Osteoporosis.
OSTEOSIS, Ossification.
OsTEO-STEATO'MA, Exonto'sin steatomnto'-
den, from oartuv, 'a bone,' and areap, arearoi, ' suet
or fat.' A name given to bony tumours or de-
generntiDtis, which sometimes belong to osteo-sar-
coina; at others, to spina ventosa, exostosis, &c.
OSTEOTOJfE ; .same etymon as Osteotomy.
A bone saw, which has the form of a chain. —
Nyslen.
OSTEOT'OMIST, Osteotomia'ta. Same etymon
ns the ne.\t. An instrument, invented by I)r. D.
Davis, for cutting the bones of the foetal cranium,
where it becomes necessary to greatly reduce the
size of the head in parturition.
OSTKOT'OAIY, OHteotnm'in, from oarcov, 'a
bone,' and tchvuv, 'to cut,' (ronri, 'an incision.')
The part of practical anatomy whose object is the
dissection of bones.
OSTEOTOl'HUS, Tophus.
OSTEOTYLUS, Callus.
OSTEULCUJI, Bone-nippers.
OSTEUM, Bone.
OSTIIEXTA, see Ossification.
OSTIAKIUS, Pylorus.
OSTIOIjUM, diminutive of oanov, 'a mouth
or o|)ening.' A small door or gate.
OsTioLA Counis, Vdl'vtitcB cordis, Pellic'ttlce
coydin. 'I'he valves of the heart.
OSTITIS. Osteitis.
OS'TllIM, oarcov, Orific"uim, a door or gate,
— of the heart, for example. The opening —
Oa'tiitiii (itn'oveiitricula're seu ventric'nli veno'miin
— between the auricle and ventricle of each side.
Oii'liiim reiitn'c'iili arterio'siim, is the opening at
tlie orijiiii of the pulmonary artery and aorta.
OsTtiiM Abdominalk, see Tube. Fallopian — o.
Arteriosum, see Ostium — o. Atrioventriculare,
see Ostium — o. Duodenale ventriculi. Pylorus — o.
Internum, see Ostium uteri — o. Qilsophageum,
Cardia.
OsTii-M U'teri. The vulva; the vagina. The
term Os'tinm inter' nnm has been applied to the
inferior opening of the uterus, which establishes
a free communication between the cavities of the
body and neck, and which is often obliterated in
old women. — Cruveilhier. The neck of the ute-
rus: the mouth of the uterus. See Uterus.
OsTii'M Utkrinum, see Tube, Fallopian — o.
Vcnosmn, see Ostium — o. Ventriculi Duodenale
sen I'vloricum seu Dextrum seu Inferius, Pylorus.
OSTOOKS, Osseous.
OSTOIDEA SUBSTANTIA, see Tooth.
OSTOIl), Osseous.
OSTOMA, Exostosis.
OSTOSIS, Ossification.
OS'l'RE.A, Os'treiiiii, oarptov, oarotiov, Ox'trra
e'ht'(i>i,(F.) Iliiitre. C'Ams, Acephala. The oyster.
The oyster is a wholesome article of diet, often
advised as analeptic and easy of digestion.
Thc^ shells, 7V.V/,/. Oi'tncB, Test.t (Ph. U. S.).
(F.) Kidilirs (Vhintri's. have been received into
the Pharmacopoeias, and used medicinally. Their
virtues are similar to those of the carbonate of
lime. See Creta.
OSTREII.M. Ostrea.
OSTRITES, Osteocolla.
OSTRUTIIIUM, Tniperatoria.
OSWECiO TEA, Monarda coccinea.
OSYRIS. Antirhinum linaria.
OTACOUST'IC, Otacous'ticits, from ouj, mroi,
' the ear,' and oKovia, ' I listen.' Arry instrument
is so called which improves the sense of bearing,
— as the different species of trumpets.
OTAGRA, Otalgia.
OTAL'GIA. Ot'of/ra, Otod'yne, OuiVcjy, (F.)
Oldhjie, fr(,m ovi, wrof, 'the ear,' and nSyoi, 'pain.'
Pain in the car; Dohir au'rium, Spun'mus au'-
riiim. Ear-ache. See Otitis.
OTAL'GIC, Ot'd'f/lcm, (F.) Oudyique. An
epithet for remedies used in ot-algia.
OTECHUS, Tinnitus aurium.
OTEMPLAS'TRUM, Otoph,»'ia, Otoplas'trum,
from inis, oton, and tymXadToov, ' a plaster. A plas-
ter put behind the ears.
OTEN'CHYTES, Oten'dnjta, from 01,9, otos,
ev, ' into,' and Xfw, ' I pour.' Sipho auricula' ris.
A species of syringe, used for injecting the ear.
OTHELCO'SIS, from ok*, olos, and 'c^^Kwats,
'ulceration.' Ulceration or suppuration of the
ear.
OTIIOXE, Linteum.
OTHONION, Linteum.
OTIIYG ROTES, Otirrhoea.
OTIATEH, Aurist.
OTIATRI'A, Otiat'rice, from ous, otos, and
loTftua, 'medicine.' The business of the aurist.
The management of diseases of the ear; Aural
jlledicine and Siirt/ery, Ear Siirgerij.
OTIATRICE. Otiatria.
OTIATRUS, Aurist.
O'TIC, O'ticiis, (F.) Otiqne, from ons, otos.
Belonging or relating to the ear. A medicine
employed in diseases of the ear.
Otic Ganglion, Olo,/aii'(/liiim, Gavcflion auri-
cii/a're seu o'tiriiiii, Auric'ular (jau<ilioii, Gaixjlion
of Arnold, (F.) Ga)i(jtion niaj-illo-li/mpaiiiqne.
This is a small ganglion, although more than
double the size of the ojihthalmic, ash-coloured
and pulpy like the ganglions of the sympathetic.
It is situate in advance of the ganglion of Gasser,
on the lower surface of the inferior maxillary
nerve, at the inner margin of the foramen ovale
of the sphenoid bone. See Petrous ganglion.
OTIRRIICE'A, Olorrha'a, Olhy',, rotes, Btenno-
torrhae'a, (F.) Cotarrhe de I'Oreille, from oi(»,
otoH, and ptu). ' I flow.' Discbarge of a purulent
or puriform liquid, from the meatus auditorius ex-
ternus, Pyorrhw'a au'rixm. Otopyorrhea, Pyn-
otorrha>'a, Otorrha'a jxirnlen'ta. It is a symp-
tom of chronic otitis. Some authors, have, in-
deed, used the term synonymously with chronic
otitis. AVhen it extends to the brain, it is termed
ciM-'ebral otorrhic'a ; and when from the middle
or internal ear, it is termed iiitermd otorrhvea,
Olorrhoe'a iiitcr'ua, and Eiitotorrha'a.
OriHRHfKA Ckukbral, SCO Otirrhoea.
OTITES, see Digitus.
OTI'TIS. Otophhii'iuone, Empren'ma otitis,
hijiniiinia'tio nitris, Injlamnxitlon of the ear, (F.)
Otite, Iiijlammation dc roreille, from ons, otos,
and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation
of the mucous membrane of the ear, characterized
by excruciating pain ; intolerable humming in
the ear, with a discharge of mucus generallj' from
the meatus externns or from the Eustachian
tube. When the inflammation is restricted to
the lining membrane of the meatus, it is termed
otitis catarrha'lis. Otitis is divided into ejterinil
and internal, according as it affects the meatus
auditorius, or the cavity of the tympanum or
internal ear. It may be acute or chronic. Acute
otitis commonly terminates in a few days in a
favourable manner, with the aid of antiplilogis-
ties. Chronic otitis, otirrha-'a. is almost always
accompanied by a purulent <lischargo from the
meatus auiiiforius. It is often incurable, and
may ultimately give occasion to disease of the
internal ear, and even of the brain.
OTrris Catahkualis, see Otitis.
OTIUM
666
OVIUEROUS
O'TIIIM, Otn'riiim, from oiis, oton. A small
ear. The nuricle or pavilion of the ear.
OTOCEPH'ALUS, JJoio/tid, from oiis, otos,
and K£0aA>;, 'head.' A monster, whose ears are
in contact, or united into one.
OTOCOXIES, see Otolithi.
OTODYXE, Otalgia.
OTO(JLYPinS, Earpick.
OTOGLYPIIUM, Earpick.
OTOG'RAPHY, Otoi/ra'phia, from om, otos,
and ypaii>ri, ' a description.' The part of anatomy
■which describes the ear.
OT'OLITIIS, Otol'iihi, 0'toUtes,{F.) OtolitJies,
from ottH, otos, and Xi6o;, 'a stone.' AVhite cal-
careous substances contained in the membranous
vestibule, and seeming to be suspended in the
fluid of the vestibule by means of a number of
nervous filaments proceeding from the auditory
nerve. Their universal presence in the ear of
the mammalia would seem to show that they are
inservient to audition. When of a looser con-
sistence, they are called Olocun'ia, (F.) Otoconies,
from ouj, u>Toi, ' the ear,' and kopiu, ' dust.'
OTOL'OGY, Otoloii'ia, from oiis, otos, and
Xoyof, 'a discourse.' The part of anatomy which
treats of the ear. An anatomical treatise ou the
ear.
OTOPATIIEMA, Otopathy.
OTOP'ATHY, Otopntln'n, Otopntlie'ma, from
oi'«, otos, and 7ra0yj, 'a disease.' A diseased con-
ditiiin of the ear.
OTOPIILEGMONE. Otitis.
OTOPLASTA, Otemplastrum.
OTOPLAS'TICE, O'topfosi;/, from o»«, otos,
and TT^affTiKof, ' forming.' The operation for re-
Storing a lost ear.
OTOPLASTRUM, Otemplastrum.
OTOPYORRHCEA, Otirrhoea.
OTORRHAG"IA, from o,ts, otos, and payr,,
'rupture.' I'lecding from the car or ears.
OTORRIIKUMATIS'MUS, from ous, otos, and
ftvjtaTiajioi, 'rheumatism;' Otal'ijia rhettmat'ica.
Kheumatic ear-ache.
OTORllIKEA. Otirrhoea— o. Cerebral, see Olir-
rhoea^o. Interna, see Otirrhoea — o. Purulenta,
Otirrhoea.
O'TOSCOPE, Otoscop'i'um, from ous, otos, and
o-fcor;;, ' examination.' An instrument for exami-
ning the condition of the ear. An elastic stetho-
scope, the ends of which are tipped with ivory —
one to be inserted into the meatus of the jiatient.
and the other applied to the ear of the examiner.
OTOT'OMY, Ototom'in, from ohs, otos, and
reiivtiv, 'to cut.' The part of practical anatomy
which teaches the mode of dissecting and pre-
paring the ear.
OTTO OF ROSES, see Rosa centifolia.
OUACHITA SPRINGS, see Arkansas, mine-
ral waters of.
OU'iE, Audition.
OULA, Gingivae.
OULE. Cicatrix.
OULITIS. Ulitis.
OULORRIIAGIA, Illorrhagia.
OUNCE. Un'cia. A weight equal to the 16th
part of a pound avoirdupois, tiie 12th of a pound
troy. It is composed of 8 drachms. See Weights
and Measures.
OUR A QUE, Uraehus.
OUR A R I, Curare.
OUREMA. Urine.
OU/iL/JS, Parotis, Cynanche parotid»a.
OURON, Urine.
OUS, genitive otos, on?, oiros. Ear.
OUTHAR, Mamma, Uterus.
OUriiE-MEIt. Lapis lazuli.
OUVERTURE CADAVERIQVE, Autopsia
Cadaverica.
OVA GRAAFIANA, Folliculi Graafiani— o.
Naliothi, Nabotbi glanduUe.
OVA IRE. Ovarium.
OVAL, Ovd'lis, Oo'des, Ooi'des, Ovo'tus. (Y.)
Ovule, from uiov, ovum, ' an egg.' Egg-.-^luipcd ;
elliptic. That which is round and oblong like un
egg-
OvALK FoUA'men, Foramen oo'des, (F.) Troii
ovah. The foramen obturatoriuni ; also, (lie fo.
ramen in the inner ]>aries of the middle car, wliich
opens into the vestibule; the foramen in ilie
sphenoid bone, through which the third )ir;inili
of the fifth pair issues from the cranium; and llin
aperture, in the foetus, between the auricles of
the heart. See Botal Foramen.
OVAI.IS Fossa, Fo'rcn ora'lls, Vol'niln sou
Vest>g"ii(iii Foroin'itiis ovolls, is a depression ob.
served in the right auricle of the heart, in the
sejitum, whicii separates it from the left auricle.
It has thick and strong edges, at its ni>iier and
fore part, called OoIiiiii'hcb fornm'lins ovit'lis,
htlinius seu Aii'nidiis Vieiisse'in'i, Au'indiis sou
Liiiibtia fossa; oDiilis : in the foetus culled Au'-
inihis foraiii'iiiis seu fossa omi'lis. The fossa
ovalis, in the adult, reidaces the inter-auricular
aperture in the septum auritularum of the fa'tus.
OVALBUMEN, Albumen ovi.
OVA'RIAN, Of(('ii(d, Ovarin'nus, (F.) Orn-
rieii, Ovuriqne ; from ovnriinn, uinpioc, 'the
ovary.' Relating or belonging to the ovary — iis
Ovarian pref/iKinci/.
Ovarian Autkhy. Spermatic artery — o. Nerves,
Spermatic plexus of nerves — o. Pregnancy, see
Pregnancy, ovarian — o. Veins, Spermatic veins —
o. Vesicles. Folliculi Graafiani.
OVARIOTOMY, Oariotomy.
O'VARISTS, Ovists. Same etymon as Ovnrifin,
Those j)bysiologists who think that the idienoniena
of generation, in the human species and in every
species of animal, result from the development
of the ova or ovula of the female, merely incited
by the male. Not many of the physiologists of
the present day can bo classed among the
ovarists.
OVARITIS. Oaritis.
OVA'RIUM. Diminutive of wov, nrnm, 'nn
egg.' The O'vory, (Sc.) E(j<jhcd ; Testis nivlie'-
bris seu femine'us, Oa'rion, Ooph'oron. (n/uon'-
riinn. Vesica' rinni, (F.) Ovaire. The ovaries are
the organs in which the ova are formed in ovi-
parous animals. By analogy, the name has been
given to the organs which the ancients called the
testicles of the female. They are two ovoid
bodies, almost as large as the testicles in men,
placed on each side of the uterus, between the
Fallopian tube and round ligament, and in the
substance of the broad ligament. Their outer
extremity gives attachment to one of the jirojec-
tions of the fimbriated extremity of the Fallo-
pian tube ; and the internal is fixed to the uterus
by a small ligamentous cord, called Liyameii'tiim
rottiii'diitn ova'rii, Lif/'avient of the O'viiy. The
ovaries are composed of a very close, spongy tex-
ture— stroma, — and of small vesicles — follic'nh
Graajia'ni,— filled with a clear fluiil : these vesi-
cles contain ovules, which detach themselves from
the ovarium before and after fecundation, and are
carried into the cavity of the uterus by the Fal-
lopian tube.
Ovarium Tt'MinuM, Oarioncus — o. Nabothi,
Nabothi glanduln?.
OVATUS, Oval.
OVER-EATING, COLIC FRO.M, Colica cra-
pulosa.
OVERO BT'TTTA, Pareirabrava.
OVrCAPSULE, see Folliculi Graafiani.
OVIDUCT. Tube. Fallopian.
OVIDUCTUS MULIEBRIS, Tuba Fnllopiano.
OVIG"EROUS, O'viger, Oviy"erns; from
0 VI PARITY
CO 7
OXYCAXTIIA
oKtim, 'an egg,' and <jero, 'I bear.' Containing
or [iroiliK-ing ova or bggs.
OVirMtirK, see Oviparous.
0VII"A110US, Omp'iiruH, (F.) Oripare ; from
oixiiii, ' an egg,' ami porio, ' I bring forth.' An
epitliet iipplioil to nniiniils which are hatched from
egg^ oiitsi<ie of the body. The condition may be
termed Ovip'urmtHneHH, (F.) Oviparite. See Ge-
neratirm.
OVIPAROUSXESS, see Oviparous.
OVISAC, see Follicuii (JraaOani — o. Tunic of
the. see Follicuii Graaliani.
OVISTS, Ovarists.
OVOLOdY. Oologia.
OVO-VIVIP'AROUS, (F.) Ovo-vivtpare, from
omun, 'an egg.' vivns, 'living,' and parlo, 'I
bring forth.' Oviparous animals, whose ova are
hatched within the mother, — vipers, for example.
See (Jeneriition.
OVULA r.IlAAPIANA, Follicuii Graafiani —
0. Nahothi, Nabothi glandnlne.
O'VULAR, Orithi' riH ; from oi'iilitm, 'an ovule.'
Rcl.-iring or belonging to the ovule.
OVrL.\'TION ; from ovnlum, diminutive of
ovum, 'an egg.' The formation of ova in the
ovary, and the discharge of the same. Also, the
development of the embryo from the esrg.
Si'oNTAXBoiis Ovulation, (F.) Ovuhition spoii-
tniiee, is the spontaneous formation and discharge
of ova which takes place in the female of the
inninninlia,. See Ileat.
OVULE. Ovuluin.
OVUIitXE, Dccidna refloxa.
O'VUTjU.M. O'vnle; diminutive of ovum, 'an
egg.' A small egg. That which has the appear-
ance of a sniiill egg. See Ovum.
OVUM, 0)01', Onn. an egg. The eggs of poultry
are chiefly uslmI as food. The different parts are,
likewise, employed in medicine. The shell, An-
rnn'cum, Auniii'tiiii), (F.) Coqiie ou Coqnille
d'ltiif, calcined, is esteemed an absorbent. The
Oil of the c'lg is emollient, and is used, exter-
nally, to burns and chaps. The Yolk or Yelk
of the erjr/ — Vitel'lnm sen Vitrl'lns ovi, Lec'ithon
— renders oils, &c.., miscible with water. Eggs,
when light boiled, are easy of digestion; but,
when very hard-boiled or fried, they are more
'rebellious.
Einf liranrt;! is made by taking of lirandji f,^iv ;
ClniioiiDm writer, f.^iv; the yolks of two e(jqn ;
Si(;i(ti: '^•sa : nnd Oil «/" c/(iii«;«o», gtt. ij. Mix
the yolks of the eggs first with the water, the oil
and the sugar, stirring constantly. Then add the
brandy little and little, until a smooth fluid is
formed. It is an agreeable mode of giving brandy
in adynamic states.
In I'liarmari/, white of etjg, which consists
chiefly of albumen, is used for clarifying syrups.
Ac. Yolh of cfjij, (F.) .hiiine d'opiif, beaten up
with warm water and sugar, and nromntized with
orange -flower Wiiter, forms an emulsion, which
is emollient, and known under the name Lait de
poiile or rhicken'K milk.
Anatomists give the name Ora, O'vidn, O'viilen,
(F.) (Eiifs, to round vesicles, containing a humour
similar to the yolk of egg, which are situate in
the ovaries of the female, and, when fecundated,
constitute the ru<liments of the foetus. During
gestation, the embryo and its envelopinj mem-
branes retain the name Omm, CF.) (Eiif. The
changes induced in the mammalia after impreg-
nation greatly resemble those in the bird.
OvtTM, Testicle — o. Hysterieum, see Clavus
hystericus.
OXALAS SUBPOTASSICUS, Potass, oxalate
of.
OXALAT'IC, Ornlat'iciin. Relatinff to orn-
latet: hence Ojcohit'ic or Oxalic acid Diath'esia
is the habit of body which favours the formation
and deposition of oxalates from the urine.
OXAL'IC ACID, Acidiim oxali'nnm seu unc-
chari'iiiim seu hydro-cnrhon' icum seu acelosel'la>,
seu oxrd'icitin seu snc'ehnri, Acid of siir/fir or <;/"
sorrel, C'tr'bououa acid, from o^uAis, 'sorrel.' An
acid found in sorrel. It crystallizes in long,
colourless, quadrangular prisms, and is generally
found, in nature, united with lime or potai^sa
It has been proposed, in a diluted state, as a re-
frigerant, but it is unnecessary : and, besides, in
quantity, it is a virulently acrid poison. It is
largely employed for cleaning boot-tops ; and, as
it strongly resembles the sulphate of magnesia,
has often been taken for it. Several fatal cases
are, indeed, on record. For its antidotes, &c.,
see Poison.
OXALIC ACID DIATHESIS, see Oxalatic.
OXALIDE, Oxalis acetosella.
OXALIS ACETOSA, Rumex acetosus.
Ox'alis Acetoskl'la, 0. America'na, Ox;!S
alba, called from ofu?, 'acid.' owing to the sharp-
ness of its juice. Ths systematic name of tlie
Wuodsorrel, Ciickowbrend, Smtr Trefoil, White
sorrel, 3foHittain Sorrel, Trifo'llnm oceto'snm,
Ojcitriphi/l'liim, Liijidn, AUeht'ja, Acetonrl'la,
Oxyphijl'lon, Ox>)triphijl'lon, Pauls cu'cnli, (F.)
Su'relle, Ox>dide, Pain a Coucou, Alleluia. Ord.
Oxalidacea3. Sex. Syst. Decandria Decagynia.
This plant has a gratefully acid taste, and is used
in salads. It has been esteemed refrigerant, an-
tiscorbutic, and diuretic.
Oxalis Americaxa, 0. acetosella.
Oxalis Stricta, Yellow wood surrel ; indige-
nous, has similar virtues.
Oxalis Tiibkro'sa, Oca. A tuberous plant,
whose oval-shaj)ed root is used as food by the
Peruvians. It is watery, has a sweetish taste,
and is much liked.
OXALIUM, Potass, oxalate of.
OXAL'ME. from ofuf, 'acid,' and 'uXf, 'salt.'
A mixture of vinegar and salt.
OXALII'RIA, Urine, oxalic.
OXELvE'ON, from olui, ' acid,' and tXaiov, 'oil.'
A mixture of vinegar and oil, used as a condi-
ment.
OX EYE, Ileleniura autumnale — o. Gall, Bile
of the ox.
OX ROLE, AcetolS.
OXfCEDRE, Juniperus oxyeedrus.
OXID, Oxvd.
OXIDATION, Oxydation.
OXIDE, Oxvd.
OXIDUM, Oxyd, see Oxydum.
OXI'NES, o^ifi/f, [oivos,) flora o^v^, 'acid.'
Wine alreadv sour, but not vet vinegar.
OXTTRIPIIYLLUM, Oxilis acetosella.
0X0 DE, Oxvd.
OXODES, Acidulous.
OXOIDES. Acidulous.
OXOS. Aceticnm acidum, Acetum.
OXTER. Axilla.
OXURE. Oxyd.
OXYA. Fasrus sylvatica.
OXYACAXTIIA, Mespilus oxyaeantha.
OxyacAn'tiia Galf/xi, Ber'herh. E. vulgn'rls.
Spina ac"ld<i, Crcnpl'inis, (F.) Epl»e vliiette,
Vlnettier. Famlli/, Berberidesr. Se-r. Si/»t.
Ilexandria Monogynia. The Barberry. The fruit
of the berries, Barberries, is gratefully acid, and
moderately astringent. By preparing an alco-
holic extract of the root and addina: water to it,
a pulverulent brown substance is thrown down,
which, when dissolved in alcohol and evaporated,
yields the bitter principle, Berberln, which is an
excellent stomachic in the dose of 2, 5, or 10
grains.
The American Barberry, Ber'heris Canaden'-
OXY.ESTIIESIA
668
OXYNOSEMA
«i'«, Pipperidge Bush, Soioherrij, differs slightly
from the European. It flourishes on mountains
and hillv districts from Canada to Virginia.
OXY^ESTHE.SIA, Hyperwsthesis.
OXYAPIIE, Hvperaphia.
OXYAPHIA, llyperaphia.
OXYBAPIIION, see Acetabulum.
OXYBOL'IA, from o|uj, 'quick,' and /3oX),,
'ejection.' Too rapid emission of sperm.
OXYCE DUE. Juniperus oxycedrus.
OXYCEPHA'LIA, ' Suj,'ar-loaf head,' from
o|i)«, ' sliarp,' and Kt<pa\ri, ' head.' Monstrosity in
which the head is peaked like a sugar-loaf.
OXYCOCCOS, Vaccinium oxycoccos — o. Pa-
lustris, Yaccinium uxycoccos.
OX'YCRATE, 0.cycra'tniii, from o[vg, 'acid,'
and Kp(iu), 'I mix;' Posca, Phusca. A mixture
of vinegar and water; frequently used in medi-
cine as a refriijerant and antiseptic.
OXYCRO'CEUM EMPLASTRUM, from o|uj,
'acid,' and /cpoicof, 'satfrcm.' A plaster, compo.^^ed
of saffron, pitch, colophony, yellow wax, turpen-
tine, (/albanum, gum ammoniac, myrrh, olihanum,
and mastic. It was employed as a strengthening
plaster.
OXYCUM. Oxygen.
OXYD, Oxid, Oxide, Oxyde, Ox'ydum, Ox'-
idum, (F.) Oxyde, Oxhide, Oxiire, from of u 5, 'acid.'
A combination, not acid, of a simple body with
oxygen.
Ox YD, Calculous, Oxyd, cystic — o. Vesical,
Oxyd, cj'stic.
Oxyd, Cystic, Cnl'culous or Vea'ical oxyd, Cys-
tine, Nephrine, Scor'doamine. A species of uri-
nary calculus, having the shape of confused,
yellowish, semi-transparent, insipid, very hard
crystals. When distilled, it furnishes subcar-
bonate of ammonia, like all nitrogenized mat-
ters. It dissolves in the nitric, sulphuric, phos-
phoric, and oxalic acids.
OXYDA'TION, Oxyda'tio, Oxida'tion, Oxy-
gona'tion. The action of oxydizing a body; that
is, of combining it with oxygen ; a combination
from which results an oxyd.
OXYDE, Oxyd.
OXYDE D'ANTIMOTNE SULFURE, Oxy-
dum stibii sulphuratum — o. Gria ou noir de Mer-
cure, see Ilydrargyri oxydum cinereum.
OXYDER'CIA, Oxydor'cia, Viana a' cies, from
of"s, ' quick,' and iepxin, ' I see.' Sharpness of
vision.
OXYDER'CICUS, Oxyder'cea. A medicine
which sharpens the sight.
OXYDORCIA, 0.xydercia.
OXYDUM, Oxid — o. Antimonii cum phosphate
calcis, Antiinonial powder.
OxYDiur Fkisri Nigritm, Ferri ox'idnm ni-
grum. Black oxyd 0/ iron. The scales, which fall
from iron, when heated, consist of iron, combined
with oxygen. They have been used like the cha-
lybeates in general. The Edinburgh Pharmaco-
pneia has a Ferri ox'idum nigrum, made by pre-
cipitating, by ammonia, a solution of the mixed
tulphatea of protoxide and aesquioxide of iron.
An analogous preparation is in the Dublin Phar-
macopoeia, under the name Ferri ox'ydum mag-
net'icnm. Magnetic oxide of iron. Mar'tial Ethiopia.
OXYDUM FrKIUCI'M CHYSTALLIZATITM NaTI-
vuM, Haematites — o. Ilydrargyri completum, Ily-
drargyri nitrico-oxydum — o. Hydrargyricura, Hy-
drargyri nitrico-oxydum — o. Hydrargyricuin prae-
paratum, Ilydrargyri oxydum cinereum — o. Hy-
drargyrosum, Ilydrargyri oxydum cinereum.
OxvnuM Stibii SiiLi-nrRA'TUM, Hcpar anti-
nio'nii, Crii'cna rnetallo'rum sen antimo'nii, (F.)
Oxyde d'antinioine aidfure, Foie d'Antimoine.
This was formerly exhibited in the cure of fevers,
but it is now rarely employed.
OXYDUM URiCUM, Uric oxide.
OXYECOIA, Hypcracusis.
OXYtJ'ALA, from ofuj, 'sour,' and y.iXa, 'milk.'
Sour milk. The Oxygala equi'nnm, Caracas' mot,
is reckoned amongst the delicucics of the Tartars.
OXYG'ARON, from ofuj, 'acid,' and yapov,
'garum.' A Composition of garum and vinegar.
OX'YGEN, Oxygen' ium, Eiupy'real, Pure,
Vital or Dephlogis'ticated air, Oxyg"enea, Ox'-
ycum, Prinvip' ium oxyif'enans seu o.r)/gcuet'icum
seu acidijicana seu ac"iduin, Elemen'tnm ocidif-
icum, (F.) Oxygene, Air du feu ; I'rom ai,\}%, 'acid,'
and ytvva^n, ' I engender,' that is, generator of
acids ; and such it was believed to be, exclusively,
at the period when the name was given to it.
This is now known not to be the case. Oxygen
is largely distributed in nature. It exists in the
air, in water, in several acids, in all the oxyds,
and in vegetable and animal substances, Ac,
It is obtained by decomposing the peroxyd of
manganese or the chlorate of potassa by lieat in
close vessels. Although oxygen, in the state of
admixture in which it is found in the atmosphere,
is of vital importance, it cannot be respired in a
pure state with impunity. Animals die in it long
before the whole of the oxygen is consumed. The
properties of oxj'gen seem to be stimulant. It
increases the force and velocity of the pulse, and
has, accordingly, been used in cases of chronic
debility, chlorosis, asthma, scrofula, dropsy, para-
lysis, (fee. It requires to be diluted with from 10
to 20 parts of atmospheric air; one to two quarts
being given during the day.
OXYGENATION, Oxydation.
OXYGENE, Oxygen.
OXYG^NESES. A name given by Bauraes
to diseases which he attributed to disordered oxy-
genation.
OXYGEUSIA, Hypergeustia.
OXYG'LICUS, Oxyg'licea, from ofu;, 'acid,'
and yXvKVi, 'sweet;' Mu/sa acida. Ace' turn mul-
sum dulce. Prepared by macerating and boiling
honey-comb (from which the greater part of the
honey has been taken) in water, and adding vine-
gar An Oxymel.
OXY-IIYDRO-CARBURETUM EX OLEO
PYROXYLICO PARATUM, Creasote.
OXYLAPATHUM, Rumex acutus.
OX'YMEL, A]>om'eU, Mel accta'tnm, (F.) Aci-
tomel, fromofus, 'acid,' and/ztAi, 'honey.' Honey
and vinegar boiled to a syrupy consistence. {3fel,
deapumat. Ibv, acid, acetic. ,^vij, aq. dcslillat.
f^^viij. Add the acid to the water and mix them
with the honey previously heated. — Ph. L.) It
is cooling; — externally detergent.
OxYMEL jEriiginis, Linimentum j^^ruginis.
Oxymel Col'ciiici, 0. of meadow saffron, (F.)
Oxymel colchiquc. (Had. colch. recent, in lami-
naa tentiea aectcB ^j, nceti dcatillati Ibj, mellis de-
spnmat. pond. ftij. Macerate in a gentle heat
for 48 hours. Press and boil the liquor with the
honey to the thickness of a syrup; stirring with
a wooden spoon. Ph. D.) It is expectorant and
diuretic. Dose, f^], in gruel.
OXYMEL COLCHIQUE, 0. colchici — 0. of
Meadow saffron, 0. colchici.
Oxymel Scili,^:, O.ofaquHh, 0. Scilliiit'icum,
Mel scillfB. {Mellis despumat. Oiss, ace.ti acill<B,
Oij. Boil in a glass vessel over a gentle fire to a
proper consistence. Ph. U. S.) It is reputed to
be expectorant and diuretic. Dose, f^j to fg'j-
Oxymel of Squill, 0. scillae.
OXYMYRRHINE, Ruseus.
OXYMYRSINE, Ruseus.
OXYNtJIUM, Adeps suillus.
OXYNI'TRON, from o(ij?, 'acid,' and i-irpov,
' nitre.' Name of a plaster, composed cliiefly of
vinegar and nitre, and recommended by Aetius.
OXYNOSEMA, Acute disease.
OXYNOSOS
66 9
rACHYDERMATOCELE
OXYNOSOS, Acute disease.
OXYNIISO.S, Afute disease.
OXYO'PIA, Onlrro'pi'n, Ili/perop'm'n, Suffn'sio
trcld'raiiH, Aries vinAn, from ofvf, 'quick,' and
(,1'j/. ' si;;IU.' Excessive ncuteness of the sense of
i\%\\i. Instances have occurred where persons
(■(Hild see the stars in the day time. The cause
i" seated in great sensihility of the retina. The
torm has been used synonymously with nycta-
lopia.
OXYOSPTIRE'SIA, Oxjfosphm'iiin, from o^vi,
'acute,' and oatpitriati, 'smell. E.tcessive acuteness
of the sense of smell.
OXYPIILEGMA'SIA, o^vrpXcy^ia^ta, (o(u!,
'acute.' and (jiXcynaaia,) Acn'lit et ve'hcmens in-
ftammri'tio. A violent inflammation.
OXYPIICRNICON, Tamarindus.
OXYPIICNIA. Voxncu'ta; from of uy, 'sharp,'
and fiiivri, 'voice;' Puraphn' niu clanr/eiw sou id-
cero'nii, Claii/jor, Vox clmigo'sa, Leptopho'nia.
A shrill and squalling voice , — frequently, a
symptom of morbid affection of the larynx.
OXYPIIYLLON, Oxalis acetosella.
OXYPODIA. see Kyllosis.
OXYPROTEIX, sec Corium phlogistieura.
OXYREG'MIA, Riu-Uw nc"l(his, from o^v;,
'sour,' and tpcvyio, ' I belch.' Acid eructation.
OXYR'IA RENIFORM'IS, Rumer d!<i"y„uK,
liorenl snnrrlock. Mountain Sorrel, Welsh norrel.
A plant, Old. PolyganaceiJO, Sex. Syst. Diandria
Digyiiifl, which grows in the northern parts of
America and Europe; blossoming in the spring.
It possesses the same properties as Oxalis aceto-
sella.
OXYRRIIOD'IXON', Ace'tnm rnna'tum, from
ofuf, 'acid,' and poiav. 'a rose.' A composition
of vinegar and roses. (01. ronat. ^^ij, aeet. ronaf.
,^j.) Used as a liniment in herpes and erysipelas.
OXYS, Acid, Acute — o. Al.ba, Oxalis aceto-
sella.
OXYSAC'CriARUM, from o|uc, 'acid,' and
aaK)(^apav, 'sugar.' A mixture of sugar and vine-
gar. It was called Crt/snc'clinntm vomiti'vum,
when it held in solution the glass of antimony;
and Otyaac'ehurum acillit' icum, when it contained
siiuills.
OXYSAL DIAPnORET'ICUM AN'GELT
SALiE. A preparation of Angelo Sala. Ace-
tate of potass exposed to the atmosphere; and
consequently fallen into a state of deliquium. —
Orfila.
OXYTARTARUS, Potass^ acetas.
OXYTES, Acfdities.
OXY'TOC'IA. Same etymon as the next. Ra-
pidity of parturition.
OXYTOCIC, Oxyt'ociiK, from ofwf, 'quick,' and
TiKTui, ' I bring forth.' A medicine which pro-
motes delivery.
OXYTRIPIIYLLON, Oxalis acetosella.
OXYURE VERMICULAIRE, Ascaris ver-
micularis.
OXYURIS VERMICULARIS, Ascaris vermi-
cularis.
OYSTER GREEN, Ulva latissima — o. Root,
Tragopngon — o. Shells, Ostreae testae — ©.Pre-
pared. Testa prapparata.
OZ^'NA, Coryzn entnn'ica seu purvlen'ta seu
nzfpno'na seu ulcero'sn seu vinilen'tir seu malif/'-
na, Pyorrhnf'a nnfri'lin, Entozie'nn, Rliini'tia nlee-
ro'uri, Ulcus nn'rinm fietens, from o^u, ' I smell
of something.' (F.) Ozene, Piinaisie. An affec-
tion of the pituitary membrane, which gives oc-
casion to a disagreeable odour similar to that of
a crushed bed-bug: hence the name Pnnain, by
which the French designate one labouring under
ozaena. It is, sometimes, owing to caries of the
bones; but is, perhaps, most frequently depend-
ent upon syphilitic ulceration of the pituitary
membrane, with or without caries of the bones
of the nose.
Oz.HNA Benigna, Coryza, chronic.
OZE, Breath, offensive.
OZEMUN, Albumen.
OZENE, Ozsena,
OZONE: same etymon as Ozosna. The pow-
erfully odorous matter produced when a current
of ordinary electricity passes from pointed bodies
into the air. — Sehonbein. It is presumed to be
a peculiar modification of oxygen ; and its vary-
ing quantity in the atmosphere is supposed to
affect the health of man.
Air containing ozone is said to be oz'onized.
P.
See Abbre-
P. A contraction of Pugillus.
P. JE. A contraction of Partes
(rqnnles. C . ,.
P. P. A contraction of Pnlvis |
pntriim. J
PAB'ULU.M, Trophe, Phnrhe, Alimen'tum, Nn-
l-imen'fiim. Food, aliment. The animal heat
and animal spirits — unmeaning terras — were for-
merlv considered the Pabulum vita.
PACAY, Prosopis dulois.
PACCHIO'NI. GLANDS OF, Pacchio'nian
IJiidies. Olan'dnlm Dnrce Matris seu dura! Menin'-
flii, Tnber'cnla parra seu Oor'pnra ijlandifor'mia
diiriB matris, (F.) Glandes de Pacchioni. Granula-
tions cSrSbrales. Small, whitish, or yellowish
bodies, sometimes separate, at others united like
a bunch of grapes, which arc observed in several
pnrtsofthe dura and pia mater. They receive
vvssels, but apparently no nerves. Their texture
and uses are unknown. A considerable number
is observed in the longitudinal sinus, covered by
the internal membrane.
PACII^'MIA, Pachytp'mia, Pacha' ma, Pa-
chycB'ma, from -a^vs, ' thick,' and 'ai/ia, ' blood.
Too ereat thickness of the blood.
PACIIEABLEPIIARO'SIS. Pacheabhph'ara,
Pach i/ble/ih'aron, Pachyblepharo'sis, Pach'ytes,
from irax^i, 'thick,' and ^\iipapov, 'nn eyelid.'
A name given, by some authors, to a thickening
of the eyelids, produced by tubercles or excres-
cences formed on their margins. It is the same
affection as that which Sauvages designates CV«-
li'go d Pacheablepharo'si.
PACIIETOS, see Laqueus.
PACIIULOSIS, Pacbylosis.
PACIIYiEMIA, Pachfrmia.
PACIIYBLEPIIARON, Pacheablepharosis.
PACIIYCIIOL'IA, from raxv;, 'thick,' and
yoXr?, ' bile.' Morbid thickness of the bile.
PACIIYDERMATOCE'LE, from naxvf,
'thick,' (".(in'i, ic ixaTo^. 'skin.' and <c'A'!. ' -"^ tu-
mour. A disease of the dcruioid tissue, apparently
congenital, wiiich incrca^e9 from a small mole or
PACHYLOSIS
0 7 0
r A I X T
ppot. at times to the size and appearance of a re-
laxed and very eiiKic-iiited inainiiin. — V. Mott.
P ACHY LQ'SlS.Povh, tin' xh. from vaxvi,' thick.'
An inordinate production of the epidermis depen-
dent u|)c)n hypertrophy of the papilUe of the skin.
— E. Wilson.
PACHYNSTS, Pidvsarcia adiposa.
PACHYNTICA. Inerassantia.
PACHYSMUS. Polysarcia adiposa.
PAt'lIYTES, Pacheablepharosis.
PACINIAN CORPUSCLES, see Corpuscles.
^PACKING, OF THE IIYDROPATHISTS;
f^iii'dHotaf/e.
PACKWAX, see Nucha.
PAD, (S.) Piijiuin, from pajn. 'straw' [?] ; Plii-
mnce'oliiK, Piilvil'lits, Piilvin'iilns, Parviim pnl-
vt'nar ; — a cushion, a little cushion ; a junk ; (F.)
CoKssinet. A small bag, filled with feathers,
wool, hair, bran, chaff, Ac. It is used to com-
press or support parts. In the treatment of cer-
tain fractures, soft pads or cushions, called liy
the French Jtemplisimges, are placed between the
splints and the fractured limb, in order that the
prominent parts may not be chafed by the splints.
PADDIE, see Oryza.
PADDY, see Oryza.
PADNOON, Bit noben.
PAD'UA, MINERAL WATERS OF. Near
Padua, in Italy, there are several thermal sul-
phureous springs, the hottest of which is 18S°
Fahr. The chief establishments are Abano, Bat-
taglia. and Montegrotto.
PAD US, Prunus padus — p. Avium, Prunus
pailus — p. Lauro-cerasus, Prunus lauro-cerasus.
P.EDAN'CIIONE, from van, r,ai?i,H, 'a child,'
and ayxu), 'I strangle;' Aiit/i'na Sicca. Name
of a fatal species of cynanche, mentioned by M.
A. Severinus : probably the Cynnnche IVachealis,
or f^^i/iiiiiirhe Miilirinri.
P'eDARTHROCACE. Spina ventosa.
PiEDATROPH'IA, Atrophia iii/an'tilis, Ma-
ras'iinis Inctan'tiiim, from Traif, TTai?ioi, 'a child,'
a, privative, and Tpo(pri, 'nourishment.' Atrophy
of children. Tabes mesenterica.
P^KDATROPriiA Glandolosa, Scrofula.
PiEDERAS'TIA, Pcp.doijo'ginm, Padica'tio,
CiiKs'dia, from Truif, ir«i^o{, ' a boy,' and tpws,
'love.' The love of boys. A disgraceful passion,
common in ancient times, but now unknown.
These terms are likewise applied to the crime of
sodomy.
P^EDEROTA VIRGINICA, Leptandra vir-
gin iea.
P.EDENCEPHA L IE, Hydrocephalus in-
ternus.
PJ5DI'A, raihcia, Ediica'tio iii/aii'tum. The
bringing up or education — physical as well as
moral — of cliildren.
P.EDIATRI'A, Pmdiat'riea, Pmdiat'rics, from
iratf. TratSnf, 'a child,' and trtTpeta. 'medical man-
agement.' Treatment of the diseases of children.'
P.EDICATIO, Pffiderastia.
P.T.niCTERUS, Icterus infantum.
P.E D 0 B A R 0 M ACROMETER, Baromacro-
nieter.
P.TIDOGOGTUM, Piederastia.
P.EDOMETER, Baromacrometer.
PxEDON'OSUS. from t-k?, vadoi, 'a child/
and I'oo-of. 'disease.' A disease of childhood.
P.EUOPIILEBOTOM'IA, from ^..15, Trados, 'a
child,' (l,\e\p, ' a vein,' and rnijitj, ' incision.' VencB-
sfc'tio pneru'nttn. Bleeding performed on chil-
dren.
P.EDOT'RIBES, Min'ister GymnaH'tw, from
raij, T!<n!>oi, 'a child,' and rpifiia, 'I train.' In
ancient gymnastics, the officer acquainted with
all the prescribed e.vereises, and who carried
them into effect, according to the direction of the
superior.
P.EDOT'ROPllY. PcFdnlrojih'ia, (F.) Pfdo.
trophin, from iruic, iroK^of, 'a child,' and r/jo0i;,
'nourishment.' The jiart of hygiene, which con-
cerns the nourishmontof ciiiiclrcn.
P.EON. Physician.
PiEO'NIA. /'. oj/icina'lis sen wfiu'citlii sen nc-
morn'lis soa fem'ina seu loha'ta, Gli/rin'ide. Ilrp.
nin(/o'//iim, Pe'nny, or I'i'nuy, mule mid female,
(F.') Piroine, Piwie, Ilvrhe Sinnte-Uone.' From
riiiiaji'. ' the god of jdiysic.' Tlie runt, flrnvors,
and seeds were long esteemed poworfiil niedicinos.
They are feebly astringent, and hf.ve ba- n con-
sidered to be narcotic and antispw:ii )'',!'• They
have been given, particularly, in i>'<"0'ittt'nts
and e[)ile|)sy, but are not now u'Jed. f j , i'.'jwers
are called Ro!<(p. hrnedic'tce, It. re'f/i /.
P^EONICE, Medicine.
P/EONICUS, Medical.
P;R0NTUS, Medical.
P^EOSYNE, Medicine
PAGAPOPLEX'IA, from nayuv, 'to nail fast,'
and azor\ri^ia, 'apoplexy.' Apoplexy from culd.
PAGOS, Peritonaeum.
PAIDIA. Infancy.
PAIDION, Infans.
PAKilL, Primula veris.
PAIN, (old F.) painer, 'to torment;' Sax.
pman, 'to torture.' Didor, Algos, Ah/c'mn, Al-
i/e'do, Alf/e'sis, Od'i/ne, Ache, (Sc.) llaehne,
(Prov.) Crnzy, Warlr, (F.) Donlenr. A disa-
greeable sensation, which scarcely admits of de-
finition. It is generally symptomatic, and is
called ncnte, (F.) aiijue, when very violent, as a
tirivge ; pungent, (F.) pougitive, when it resem-
bles that which would bo produced by a sharp
instrument run into the part: heary, (F.) gravn-
tive, when attended with a sensation of weight;
tensive, when the part seems distended: Inn'eiiia-
ting, when occurring in shoots ; l(ic"eriillng or
tearing, when the part seems to he tearing: hiiru-
ing, (F.) hriilante, when resembling that produced
by a burn, Ac.
Paix, Sun, Heniicrania.
PAIN, see Triticum — p. d Coucou, Oxalis ace-
tosella — j>- f'* Madagascar, Jatropha raanihot—
p. de Pourcenu, Cvclamen.
PAINS. AFTER, see P. labour.
Pain's, Gnawing, Dolo'res rodeu'les. Pains
resembling what might be produced by the gnaw-
ing of an animal.
Pains, Labour pains. Throes, Throws, Partn-
rien'tis dolo'res, Odin, Odis, Dido'res ad partum,
Torm'ina partnrien'tiuiii, (F.) jifal d' Enfant, Dnw
leurs. The uneasy sensations that accompany
labour, and are owing to uterine contraction.
The pains that precede actual delivery, and are
simply employed in dilating the os uteri, are
called grinding; those which extrude the child,
forcing. Those which take place in the first
days after delivery, and are employed in forcing
away coagula, Ac, are termed After pains, Do-
lo'res seu Tormina post purfuni, D. jJuer^jeru'rum,
(F.) Tranch^es uteri iies.
''To take a pain," — "To try a pain," — is to
make an examination ^)cr t'l-iiyf'iinjn, during labour,
to discover its progress, char;ieter, Ac.
The French term the pains, which precede and
announce labour, mouehes ; those which accom-
pany it, douleurs ; and those which occur iinine-
diately afterwards, trnnchees ou coliques.
PAINT, (from pingere, pinctum, 'to paint,' (T.)
piuto, (F.) peint ;) Pignun'tuni, Fueus. (F.) Ford.
A name given to dilferent substances, employed
for embellishing the complexion or rendering the
skin softer. The substances most commonly used
for this purpose are : — the Suhnilrate of llismuth,
(F.) Plane de fard. A spirituous solnrion nf
benzoin, precipitated by water, and forming 1 "'-
gin's milk, (F.) Lait virjinal ; the red or roiiye
PALAD
671
FA LA TO- P HA R YX G TEX
or the Cflrthiimus ; Spmnnh white ; the oxides of
lead, tin, and mercury, vermilion, red saunders,
Ac All paints may he said tn be noxiou?. They
injure tlie sskin : obslruet perspiration : and, thus,
frc(|uently lay the foundation for cutaneous affec-
tions. See Cosmetic.
Paint, Indian, Hydrastis Canadensis, Sangui-
naria Canadensis — p. Yellow, Hydrastis Cana-
densis.
PALAD, Vertex.
PAL.'KSTHA, Gymnasium.
PALAIS. Palate.
PALAME. Palm.
PALATAL, Palatine.
PALATE, I'dlii'tum, JTijpero'a, Hi/ppro'iim,
Vr'viit'fon, Roof of the month, Fossa Pabxti'^n,
Pdliitiiia nldh'ilk Hard Palate, (F.) Palah. The
upper part of the cavity of the mouth ; a kjnd of
parnbdlie vault, formed by the two superior max-
illary hones, and the two palate bones, covered
with a thick and dense mucous membrane:
bounded, before and at the sides, by the superior
(lentiil arch ; and, behind, by the velum palati.
A whitish line runs aions; the middle, from be-
fore to behind ; at the anterior extremity of which
is a tubercle corresponding to the inferior orifice
(if the anterior palatine canaL The arteries of
the ))alate and corresponding gums proceed from
the palatine, alveolar, infra-orbitnr, labial, and
buccal branches. The veins follow a similar
course. The nerves are given off from the pal.a-
tine, facial, infra-orbitar, superior dental, and
from the naso-palatine ganglion.
Palatk, Artific"iai., (F.) Ohtvratettr dn Pa-
hii'n. A plate of tortoise-shell, silver, <fee., used
to close a deficiency of the palate.
Pai.ATK Bonk, Oh Paln'ti sen hamla're, (F.)
On Pa/iitiii ou dn Palais, is a small bone, of an
irregular shape, situate at the posterior part of
the nasal fossitj and palate. It seems formed by
the union of two bony plates joined at right an-
gles to each other; so that one is inferior and
h'irizoiilaf ; — the other, superior and vertical.
The horizontal or palatine portion, Arch of the
palate, is quadrilateral. Its upper surface forms
jiiirt of the nasal fossfe ; the lower forms part of
the palatine arch, and contains the inferior orifice
of the posterior palatine canal. Its anterior edge
is articulated with the palatinp process of the
superior maxillary bone ; the posterior is free
and sharp. It gives attachment to the velum
palati, and presents an eminence, which, when
joined with one on the opposite side, forms the
posterior nasal spine. Its inner edge is articu-
lated with the corresponding bone; its outer is
confounded with the vertical portion. The ver-
Ileal or ascending portion has the form of a long
S(liiare. The inner surface forms part of the
outer paries of the nasal fossiB. Its outer sur-
face is unequal, and is articulated with the supe-
rior maxillary hone: behind, it presents a verti-
cal groove, which forms part of the posterior
li:ila(ine canal: and, above, a small free surface,
which looks into the zygomatic fossa. Its ante-
rior edge is united with the superior maxillary
bone; the posterior is unequal, and rests on the
infernal abi of the pterygoid process. The angle,
which it forms by uniting with the posterior edge
"t the hori7.(mtal portion, presents a very promi-
nent pyramidal eminence, called the tnherositi/ of
the palate hone. Its upper margin is surmounted
bv two eminences; — the one, anterior, called the
orhitar process ; — the other posterior, the sphe-
noid process. These two processes are separated [
hy an almost circular notch, which the sphenoid I
bone forms into a foramen, called the spheno-
palatine.
This bone appears to be developed from a sin-
gle point of ossification. It is articulated with
the sphenoid, ethmoid, the cornua sphenoidalia,
superior maxillary bone, the inferior spongy bono,
the vomer, and its fellow.
Pai-ate, Cr,KFT, see Harelip — p. Falling down
of the, Uvulitis — p. Fissured, see Harelit> — p.
Hard, Palate — p. Soft, Velum pendulum pa'ati.
PAL'ATINE, Pal'ataJ, Palati'nvs, Pal'alic,
from ^joi'w/H/H, 'the palate.' Relating or bel iig-
ing to the palate.
Palatine or Palatal Arteries are two in
number. They are distinguished into, L The
superior palatal or jvilaiine. Pulali'ua deseen'-
de)is or P xl'ato-ma.r'iUary, which leaves the in-
ternal maxillary behind the top of the orbit; de-
scends into the pterygo-inaxillary fissure, and
enters the posterior maxillary canal. Its branches
are distributed to the velum palati and the nasal
fossjB. 2. The inferior or ascendincj palatine or
palatal, which is very small, and separates from
the facial near its origin. It jiasses along the
lateral and superior part of the jiharynx, between
the pillars of the velum palati, and divides into
a number of raniusculi, which are distributed to
the pharynx, tlie corresponding tonsil, the Eus-
tachian tube, and the velum palati.
Palatine Canals or Ducts. These are two
in number. The anterior. Ductus iucisi'vus seu
Nasa'lo-paltiti'nus, Inci'sive canal, is situate at
the anterior part of the palatine arch, and is
formed by the two superior maxillary bones. It
is single beneath, but opens above by two aper-
tures, one into each nasal fossa. The foramen is
called Fora'mcn incisi'vnm seu Palati'nnm aute'-
rius seu Alceola're ante'rius seu ccBCUin ossis
inaxilla'ris superio'ris. The posterior palatine
canal is situate at the posterior part of the palate.
It is formed by the palate and superior maxillary
bones, ascends between these two bones, and, in
its course, gives rise to two or three small acces-
sory palatine canals, which open above the tuber-
osity of the palate bone. It transmits the nerves
and vessels which bear its name. The foramen
is called, F. Palati'nnm poste'rius seu Palaio-
nia.rilla're seu alveola're poste'rius.
Palatine Membieank is the fibro-mueous mem-
brane that lines the palate or roof of the mouth.
Palatine or Palatal Nerves, Gnttnro-pala-
tins (Ch.), are three in number; and arise from
the inferior part of the spheno-palatine ganglion.
1. The great palatine, Palatin iuferieur (Ch.),
is situate anteriorly to the two others, and de-
scends into the posterior palatine canal; gives a
nasal filament and a staphyli)ie filament, and is
distributed cm the palate. 2. The middle pala-
tine. Guttural (Ch.), which arises behind the pre-
ceding, enters one of the accessory palatine ca-
nals, and is distributed to the tonsils and velum
palati. .S. The little palatine nerve, situate Still
more backward than the last, which loses itself
by several filaments in the uvula, tonsils, and fol-
licles of the pialatine membrane.
PALATJTE, Isthmitis.
PALATITIS, Uranisconitis.
PALATO-GLOSSUS, Glossostaphylinns.
VM,M:0-Vll\V,\"S(h^V?.,Pharyn'go-staphy.
li'nus, Staj)hyli'no-phari/nf/ens, Thyro-pharyu'e/o-
staphyli'niis, part of the Ilypcro-pharymjens, (F. )
Palato-pharyngien, Stylo-pharyngien (Ch.). A
membranous muscle, broader at its middle than
at its extremities, and situate vertically in the
lateral paries of the pharynx and velum palati.
It includes the peristni»hylo-pharyngeus, pha-
ryngo-staphylinus, and thyro -staphylinus of
Winslow. When the two palato-pharyngei con-
tract together, they depress the velum. They
elevate and shorten the pharynx, and act princi-
pall3' in dei^lutition.
PALA rO-PlIAR YNGIEX, Palato-pharyn-
PALATOSTAPIIYLINI
PALMAR
peus — p. Siilpingcu?, Circuiuflexus — p. Suljjin-
ijien, Circiiinflexus.
PALATOSTAPIIYLINr, see Azygos muscle.
PALATUM FISSUM, Ilyperoochasinn, see
Harelip — p. Mobile, Velum pendulum palnti — p.
Molle, Vehun pendulum palati — p. Pendulum,
Velum pendulum palati.
PALE, Pollen.
PALENESS, Pallor, Och'rotes, Ochro'ma,
Ochri'asis, Lenco'sis, Denlha'tio, Luror, (F.)
Pdleur. Whiteness of complexion. It appears
to be owing to a diminution or alteration of the
blood circulating in the capillary vessels, and is
often a sign of disease.
PALES COULEURS, Chlorosis.
PALETTE (F.), Pal'mxda, Fer'ula. An in-
strument of percussion. It has the shape of a
spatula with a long handle ; is made af very light,
white wood, and has been proposed, by Mr. Percy,
for what is called the Jfanaiu/e, a kind of pressure
or kneading, exerted by the hand on the body
and limbs, to excite the tone of the skin and sub-
jacent tissues.
Pn/efte also means a cup for bleeding; and the
xiphoid cartilage [?].
PALETTE A PANSEMENT. A small splint
of thin, scooped wood, having the shape of the
band, and used to support the hand in certain
cases — when burnt, for example — in order to pre-
vent the Angers from being deformed by the cica-
trices.
PALETTE DE CADANIS. An instrument,
invented by Cabanis of Geneva to draw out the
extremity of -the stylet when passed into the nose,
in the operation for fistula lacrymalis. It is
composed of two plates of silver, pierced with
sever.al holes, and movable on each other. To
use it, the instrument must be carried into the
nose, so that the holes of the two plates corres-
pond. When the end of the stylet is received
into one of these holes, it is pinched, by sliding
one of the plates on the other, and is easily with-
drawn.
PALEUn, Paleness.
PALI PLAGUE, see Plague.
PALICOU'REA CROC'EA, Pxycho'tria
croc"ea, Order, Cinchonaceas, a native of the
West Indies, is possessed, according to Von Mar-
tins, of emetic properties.
Palicouuea Marcghaa'vii, Emn do rato, Oal-
vn'nia VeUoaii, a native of Brazil, is poisonous,
and employed there to kill rats and mice.
PALirouuEA Officina'lis, a native of Brazil,
is reputed to be a powerful diuretic in small
doses.
PALlcoirnEA Specio'sA, GoIdsJinib, a native of
New Granada and Brazil. The leaves are consi-
dered to be antisyphilitic. The decoction in large
doses is poisonous.
PALILlO, Campomanesia lineatifolia.
P.\LIMPI.'^SA, see Pinus sylvestris.
PALINCOTESIS. Recrudesoentia.
PALINDROMK, Palindromia.
PALINDROM'IA, Palln'drome, from toXiv,
'again,' and ipojioi, 'a course.' This word signi-
fies, with some, a reflux of fluids from the exte-
rior towards the interior ; and, according to others,
the relapse of an affection — the recurrence — A'e-
ciir'aio, Repetit"io — of a paroxysm, or disease, —
Jforbus recidi'vns, jlforhi reciir'suH.
PALINGENESIS, Regeneration.
PALL A, Pila.
PALLAT. Vertex.
PALLIA'TION, PalHa'tio, from pnllinre, pal-
liiitiim, 'to cover, mask ;' from pa/lhim, 'a, man-
tle.' The act of palliating — that is. of causing
the symptoms of a disease to mitigate, without
curing it. The medical art can frequently only
moderate the symptoms of a disease, prevent it
from making progress, prolong tlie days of the
patient, and diminish his sufferings. This id
pril/hitire Irenlmeut, (F.) Trnitenuiit pnUiiilif.
l'AJi'hlA'Vl\K,/'(d/lnti'nin,Aiitip(tlh'lcj:,,nn-
tiopnth'ic, (F.) Pidliatif. A remedy or nio.le of
treatment, which only relieves a disease, without
curing it. The p<dli<il!i:e treatment— Cica ;„./.
Unti'va, is placed in antithesis to the radical,
Ciu-n radira'lis ; see Radical.
PALLIDULIiS, nh,f,t,-d.
PALLIDUS MORBUS, Chlorosis.
PALLOR, Paleness — p. Virginum, Chlorosis.
PAL.M, Palma, naXaiin, Voln, V. nmiiiiH, I'lnle'n,
Thenar, At/en, A<jo»'tn», Pnc'uliim, Pat'ern, Sii.
peUcx sen Siipel/ec'tile Dior/"e)n'ii, (P.) Piiiime
ou Crenx de la yiiain. The hollow or inside of
the hand. It is limited, without, by the thenar
eminence, which answers to the thumb; within,
by the hypothenar eminence, which answers to
the little finger; above, by the wrist-joint; and,
beloic, by the four fingers.
Pai.m, Gosiuto, see Toddy.
PALMA CHRISTI, Ricinus communis — p.
Cocos, Cocos nucifera — p. Dactylifera, Date tree
— p. Humilis, Musa paradisiaca — p. Indicii vina-
ria secunda, see Toddy — p. Unguentarioruui, My-
rohalanns.
PALM^. U'TERI PLICA'T^, Arbor viia
nteri'nun, A. u'teri viv' ifieano. The arborescent
striae in the interior of the cervix uteri.
PALMAIKE, Palmar—;). Cntane, Palmaris
brevis — p. Grand, Palmaris magnus — p. Grile,
Palmaris longus— />. Long, Palmaris longus.
PALMAR, Palma'ris, (F.) Pnlmaire, from
palma, 'the palm of the hand.' That which
concerns the palm of the hand. The palm has,
sometimes, been divided into three regions, called
palmar. 1. The external palmar region corres-
ponds to the thenar eminence. 2. The internal
palmar region is formed by the hypothennr emi-
nence : and, 3. The middle palmar region is the
hollow of the hand, (F.) Crenx de la main.
Palmar Aponeuro'sis, Palmar fan'eia. A
strong triangular aponeurosis, which arises from
the inferior tendon of the palmaris brevis, and
the anterior annular ligament of the carpus. It
covers the whole palm of the hand, and adheres,
somewhat strongly, to the skin of the part. The
palmar ligaments are small, very nuincrous,
fibrous fasciae, which unite the different bones of
the carpus and metacarpus.
Palmar Arches, (P.) Arcades ou Crosses pal-
maires. The curved extremities of the radial and
cubital arteries in the palm of the hand. There
are two palmar arches : — the one, cubital or ««-
fierjicial, — yrande Arcade palmaire of Chaussier,
furnishes, at its convexity towards the fingers,
the collateral arteries of the fingers, and the in-
ternal collateral of the thumb ; the other, the
radial, profound, or deep-seated, — petite Arcade
palmaire of Chaussier, is deep in the palm of the
hand beneath the tendons of the flexor Tnnscles
of the fingers. It gives some small branches
only to the surrounding parts. The palmar veins
accompany the corresponding arteries.
Palmar Arteries, see Palmar arches — p.
Fascia, P. aponeurosis.
Palmar Mi'sclrs. These are three in num-
ber. 1. Palma' ris Magnus, Flexor carpi radia'lif,
Radia'lie intern'us, (F.) Epitrochlo-metacnrpien
(Ch.), Palmaire grand. Radial antirienr. A long
fusiform muscle, which passes obliquely from the
inner tuberosity of the humerus to the upper e%-
trcmity of the second metacarpal bone. It bends
the hand. 2. Palmaris longus, Latescen'tis chorda,
Ulna'ris grac"ilia, (F.) £pilrochlo- carpi -pal-
PALMARIS BREVIS
0 73
PAMPINIFORM PLEXUS
tnnlre (Ch.), Palmnu-e lonrj, P. rfrtle. This muscle
jii situate on the inner wiile of the last. It is very
Blender, nnd passes from tlie inner tuherr)sity of
the humerus to the anterior annular lijrament of
the car|)us, and to the yiahnar aponeurosis, which
it seems to form by the vanishing of its fibres. It
stretches the palmar aponeurosis, and bends the
hand. 3. FuliiKtriH Jirevis, Caro qiitiilra't<t, C<ir-
ni'«'"», (F-) J'(tlmiiii-e ciitaiie. A small, thin,
([uadrilaleral muscle; situate before the thenar
eminence. It passes from the annular ligament
of the carpus to the integuments of the palm of
the hand, which it wrinkles by its contraction.
Palmar Vkins, see Palmar arches.
PALMARIS BREVIS, see Palmar muscles —
p. Longus, see Palmar muscles — p. Magnus, see
Pahniir muscles.
PALMETTO, SAW, Chamaerops serratula.
PALMl-PUALAXGIENS, Lumbricales ma-
DUS.
PALMISTRY, Chiromancy.
PALMOSCOP'IA, from TraXyos, 'palpitation,'
and (Tifofftd), 'I view.' Investigation of the beat-
ing of the heart and pulse. Prognosis from the
beating of the heart and pulse.
PALMULA, Date, Palette.
PALMUS, Palpitation — p. Cordis, Palpitation
— p. Plumbarius, Colic, metallic — p. Vomitus,
Vomiting.
PALO PE CALENTURAS, Calenturas— p. de
Vacca, (ialactodendron utile — p. de Velas, Par-
mentiera cerifera.
PALOMMIER, Oaultheria.
PALOS DE CALENTUKA, Cinchona.
PALPA'TION, from palpnre, palpatnm, (F.)
pnlpcr, 'to feel.' The sense of touch. It is also
used for the mode of exploring diseases by feeling
or pressing upon the diseased organ. A delicate
and discriminating touch — tnctns erudi'tiin — is
important in the diagnoses of many morbid con-
ditions.
PAL'PEBRA, supposed to be from pnfpitire,
'to piilpitate,' owing to its frequent motion. [?]
IUcph'«rmi, Oper'ruhim seu Cooper' ciihini nc'iili,
Eyelid, (Prov.) Eye-hreek, (Sc.) Ee-winke>; (F.)
Paupiire. The eyelids are two movable vela,
situate in front of the eye; which by their sepa-
ration permit the organ to receive the impression
of light, or by their greater or less occlusion pro-
tect it from the influence of too great light, or
from the action of extraneous bodies. They are
separated, above, from the forehead, by the eye-
brows; and, below, are confounded with the
cheeks. They are distinguished into upper, Pa/-
pebra major seu miperior, Epicie'lli — and lower,
Palpebrti minor seu inferior, //i/poc<t''liii, /fi/pn-
ca'liim, Hypoc'i/liiw. The former is much broader
and more movable than the latter. They are
separated by a transverse cleft — Fissn'ra pnlpe-
hra'rnm — and their edges are thick, and furnished
with the cilia or eyelashes. Supported by the
tarsal cartilages, they unite at the extremities of
the transverse diameter of the orbit, forming two
angles, the innermost being called the greater
anijie of the exje, or inner or //renter c'lnllnm ; the
other, the lesser, or ejrternal nmjle or ennthtm.
They are formed, 1. Of a thin dermoid texture :
2. Of a muscular membrane, — a portion of the
orbicularis: 3. Of a particular fibrous membrane:
4. Of the tarsi: 5. Of a mucous membrane, — a
part of the tunica conjunctiva.
Their vessels and nerves are called Palpebral.
Pali'kbiu Inpriuoh ExTRonsiiM Fi.EXA, Ec-
tropion— p. Tertia, Valvula semilunaris.
PALPERR.E SUPERIORIS PRIMUS, Le-
vator piilpebriv superioris.
PAL'PEHRAL, Palprhrn'lls, from pnlpebra,
'the evelid.' That which belongs or relates to
tbeoyclid.
43
PALPEBnAL Arteries are those distributed to
the eyelids. They are two in number ; an npper
and a lower. The former arises from the oph-
thalmic, a little beyond the cartilaginous pulley
of the greater obliciue muscle, and descends to-
wards the upper eyelid, over which it is distri-
buted. The hitter arises at the side of, and a
little behind, the preceding, and sends its raiiii-
fications to the lower eyelid and the neighbourii'g
parts. The palpebral veins have a similar ar-
rangement; except that some of them open into
the temporal and labial veins.
Palpebral Flux, Puriform. A puriforra
discharge, furnished by the glands of Meibomi-
us, when inflamed ; and to which Scarpa attri-
butes fistula lacrymalis, in many cases.
Palpebral Lioaments are distinguished into
xnpcrior and inferior. Some anatomists, with
Winslow, have described, under this name, the
fibrous layer which is attached, — on the one
hand, to the outer part of the circumference of
the orbit; on the other, to the tarsal cartilages.
Palpebral Nerves, Nerrea of the ej/eliiln,
arise, particularly, from the frontal and lachry-
mal branches; from the ophthalmic nerve of
Willis; and from the facial, nasal, and infra-or-
bitar branch of the superior maxillarv nerve.
PALPKlUlALrS, Orbicularis j.alpebrnrum.
PALPEBRARUM APERIENS RECTUS,
Levator palpebrae superioris — p. Duo musculi,
Orbiculares palpebrarum.
PALPERRATIO. Nictation.
PALPITATIO, Palpitation — p. Arterinrum,
see Palpitation — p. Cordis trepidans, Cardio-
tromus.
Palpitatio Membrc'riim. a term used by
Gaubius for involuntary shaking of the legs.
PALPITA'TION. Polpita'tio, Pahnux, P. seu
Tremor Cordix, Pti/pita'tio seu Pnha'tio Cordin,
Vihrd'tio Cardi'iica seu Cordin, Cardior/mna, Cor-
diopal'mita, Snhatd'tio, Clonus Ptilpito'tio, (Sc.)
Dnnt, Donnt, (F.) Palpitation, P. dn Cienr, from
palpitare, polpilatnnt, ' to throb.' A name given
to the pulsations of the heart, when they become
stronger, more extensive, or more sensible to the
individual than ordinarily. Palpitations occur in
a number of afl'ections. They are, sometimes,
owing to organic diseases of the heart — hypertro-
phy, inflammation, &c.; at others, to a disease
in some other viseus ; whilst, frequently, they
are merely nervous.
Palpitation is sometimes felt in the arteries,
constituting Palpitatio Arterio'an.
PALPITATION DU CCEUR, Palpitation.
PALSIED, Paralvtic.
PALSY, Paralysis— p. Bell's, Paralysis, Bell's
— p. Histrionic, Paralysis, Bell's.
Palsy, IjKAD, Paml't/ais saturni'nn seu metal'
lira, Mohjhdopa'reaia, (F.) Pnraljjaie saturnine,
Metal'lic Pahi/, Painters' Palxff. The paralysis
of the upper extremities especially, induced by
the poison of lead. Palsy of the intestines, thus
induced, is called, by Piorry, Anenteronervie
saturnine.
Palsv, JIetallic. see Palsy, lead — p. Paint
ers', P. lead — p. Shaking, Paralysis agitans — p.
Trembling. Paralysis agitans.
Palsy Wort, Primula veris.
PALTA. Persea gatissima.
PALUDAL, Elodes.
PALUDAPIUM, Apiura graveolens.
PALVDEEN, Elodes.
PALUDOSUS. Elodes.
P.ALUS, Marsh. Penis — p. Sanctus, Guaiacum.
PA LUSTRE, Elodes.
PAMHIOMA. Panbioma.
PAMOrSOX, Svncope.
PAMPINIFORM PLEXUS, Corpus pampini-
forme.
PAMPINIFORME CORPUS G74
PANDEMIC
PAMPINIFORME CORPUS, see Corpus pam- |
pinit'onne. i
PAMPLE'GIA, Panplegia, from -av, 'all,'
and 7:A;)yu, 'I strike.' General paralysis. Palsy
of the whole body.
PANACE'A, jrava/cfia, Cathol'icofi, Cathol'kum,
from TTui/, 'all,' and aKtonai, 'I cure.' Universa'le
leme'diiim, Panchres'tos. A pretended universal
remedy. There is no such thing in existence.
Panacea Ducis Holsati.e, PotassiV) sulphas
— p. Duplicata, Potassse sulphas — p. Liipsorum,
Arnica montana — p. Merourialis, Hydrargyri
submurias — p. Mercurii rubri, Hydrargyri ni-
triuo-oxidum — p. Pectoris, Glechoma hederacea
— p. Vegetabilis, Crocus.
PAN A CEE ANGLAISE, Magnesioe carbonas.
PANA'DA, diminutive of Ital. pnne, 'bread,'
(Lat. pnnis,) Paiia'ta, Panntel'la. Bread, boiled
in water to the consistence of pap. Sometimes
administered to the sick.
Simple Bread Panada may be made by put-
ting any quantity of grated stale hrend into
enough water to form a moderately thick pulp ;
covering it up, and leaving it to soak for an
hour; then beating it up with two tablespoonfuls
of iiiilk, and a small portion of refined siicjnr, and
boiling the whole for ten minutes, stirring all the
lime.
PANAIS, Pastinaca sativa.
PANARIS. Paronychia.
PANARITIUM, Paronychia.
PANARIUM, Paronychia.
PANATA. Panada.
PANATELLA, Panada.
PANAX, see Panax quinquefolium — p. Costi-
rura, Pastinaca opoponax — p. Heracleum, Pasti-
naca opoponax — p. Pastinacea, Pastinaca opo-
ponax.
Panax Quinquefo'lium, Anreh'n'va seu Ara'-
liit Cnnnden'siH, Ginsenij, Ninninc), Geimniif/, Red-
berry, Five fingers. Same etymon as Panacea.
F<imihj, Araliaceae. Sex. Si/nt. Polyandria Mo-
iicecia. This plant grows in North America.
The root — Panax (Ph. U. S.) — Radix ginseng — is
about the thickness of the little finger; an inch
or two in length, often dividing into two branches;
of a whitish-yellow colour ; wrinkled on the sur-
face, and of a compact, almost horny, texture.
It has no smell, but a very sweet taste, combined
with a slight degree of aromatic bitterness. It
is much esteemed by the Chinese, who pay a
high price for it. It is a gentle and agreeable
stimulant.
Panax Schinseng, Asiat'ic Ginneng, a native
of Asia, has been usually confounded with the
last. The root, radix ninsi, has like virtues.
PANBIO'MA, Pambiu'ma, from nav, 'all,' and
liioi, ' life.' The original animating principle.
The general principle of life.
PANCHRESTOS, Panacea.
PAXCHYMAGO'GUM, Panfago'gon, from irav,
'all,' xvijai, 'juice,' and ayw, ' I drive away.' A
medicine which the ancients believed capable of
purging away all sorts of humours.
Panchyjiagogum Mineuale, Hydrargyri sub-
murias.
PANCCENOSUS, Pandemic.
PANC(ENUS (MORBUS), Pandemic.
PANCRATIUM, Pancreas.
PAN'CREAS. from ttuv, 'all,' and Kpcn;, 'flesh ;'
i. e. 'quite fleshy.' Cnllic'rens, Panern'tinm,
Pnu'creum, T^actes, Pidvi'nnr ventri'cnii, Tntnm
cnrno'snm, Glund'ida salira'lis ahdom'iuls, Paii-
cre'ne, Sweetbread. A gland, deeply seated in
the abdomen, and lying transversely on the ver-
tebral column, between the three curvatures of
the duodenum, behind the stomach, and to the
right of the spleen. Its left extremity is called
tbfi tail of the pancreas; it is smaller than the
right, which is called the head. At its right por-
tion, it has, almost always, a greater or less pro-
longation ; called, bv Winslow, and some others,
the lesser pirncreas, (F.) Petit /lanercas, Paiarins
of Aselli, Pancreas viinns. The ])ai.creas rcsoni-
blcs the salivary glands in structure, and lias
been called the Ahduminal Salivary Gland. It is
composed of lobes and granulated lobules, dis-
tinct, and united by areolar tissue. From each
of the granulations of these lobes arise the radi-
cles of its excretory duct, which are very delicate,
and united like veins. The duct itself, Dm-tut
Pancreat'icHS seu Wirsnngia'mis, J'aiirreal'ic
duet, Canal or Dnrt of Wirsnngor WirsnngK, (F.)
Oanal pancreatifjiic, proceeds in a serpentine
course through the substance of the organ; and
when it has reached behind the second portion
of the duodenum, it becomes free, and is of the
size of a crow's quill. It opens at an acute angle
into the choledooh duct, or proceeds close to it,
opening separately into the duodenum. The
Pancreatic arteries are very numerous aud small.
They proceed from the coeliae, splenic, superior
mesenteric, right gastro-epiploic, coronaria ven-
triculi, and left capsular. Its veins open into
the radicles of the vena porta ; and, particularly,
into the splenic and lesser mesenteric. Its nrrres
emanate from the solar plexus, and its lympha-
tics pass into ganglions, to which it gives its
name. The pancreas secretes the Pancreatic
juice, Snccus seu Liquor Pancreat'icus, Li/mpha
Pancrea'tis, {¥.) Sue panereotiqne, which re-
sembles the saliva. When this juice is mixed
with amylaceous matters, it converts them into
dextrin and glucose. Its great use appears, how-
ever, to be, to emulsify fatty matters Ijy virtue of
a peculiar albuminoid principle — pancrealin —
coagulable by heat or alcohol, which it contains.
Pancreas op Aselli, see Pancreas — p. Mi-
nus, see Pancreas — p. Petit, see Pancreas — p.
Second, Brunncr's glands.
PANCREATAL'GIA, from pancreas, and
aXyoj, ' pain.' Pain or disease of the pancreas.
PANCRBATEMPHRAX'IS, from pancreas,
and ciKppaaaw, 'I obstruct.' Obstruction of the
pancreas.
PANCREAT'IC, Pancreat'icus, (F.l Puncren-
fique. Same et3'mon as Pancreas. Relating to
or affecting the pancreas.
Pancreatic Arteries, see Pancreas— p. Duct,
see Pancreas — p. Juice, see Pancreas — p. Nerves,
see Pancreas — p. Veins, see Pancreas.
Pancreat'ic Sarco'ma of Ae'ernethy, Em-
phy'ma sarco'ma panereat'icnm. A tumour, in
irregular masses, connected by loose fibrous sub-
stance, like the irregular masses of the pancreas.
Found in the areolar substance: but, more usu-
ally, in lymphatic glands, chiefly in the female
breast.
PANCREATIN, see Pancreas.
PANCREATI'TIS, Inflammatio pancrea'tis,
(F.) In/lammation du Pancreas, from panerens,
and itis, denoting inflammation. Iiiflainination
of the pancreas; — an afi'ection, the phenomena
of which are not well known.
PAN'CREATOID, from pancreas, and iiloi,
'appearance.' Paucreato'i'des. A tumour re-
sembling the pancreas in structure.
PANCREATON'CUS, from pancreas, and
oyKos, 'a swelling.' Tumour of the pancreas.
PANCRENE. Pancreas.
PANCREUM, Pancreas.
PAXDA'LEA. Panda'leum. A kind of lozenge
used bv the Arabian physicians.
PANDALEUM, Pandalea.
PANDALITIUM, Paronychia.
PANDEMIA, Pandemic.
PANDEM'IC, Pan'deniy, Pande'min, Sfarhu
Pande'miua seu Pande'mus seu Paiicoe' nui, PM'
PAXD^MIE
675
PAPAVER
ccrno'oHi, (F-) P'tndiinie ; from rnv, 'all,' and
i,,fi(i{, ' pcDple.' An epidomic which attacks the
wliiilc, or a fjreat part, of the populaticn.
PAS'DEMIE, Pandomic.
PAND1'].MY, Pandemic.
PANUICULA'TION, PamUcidn'tio, Seordine'-
m'l, Scordiitin'iiiiiH, Clonus Pctiidicula'tio, from
piiiuliculari, (jxindere, 'to stretch out,') 'to
ttretch as one awaking from sleep.' Stretching,
llid'icea, (pi.) An action, which consists in ele-
Viiling the upper limbs, and throwing the head
and trunk backwards, at the same time that the
liiwcr limbs are extended. This series of motions
of the extensor muscles is in some measure in-
dependent of the will, and is accompanied with
yawning, which is equally involuntary. In the
state of health, stretching occurs before and after
sleep; especially when we are fatigued. It is
also observed at the onset of certain paroxysms
of fever, hysteria, <fcc.
PANDOCE'UM, Pandocki'um, Pandoci'nm,
fp'MD rrai', 'all,' and ic^^^ojiai, ' to receive.' An inn
that receives all classes. A general hospital, or
one that admits all cases.
PANDOCIIIUM, Pandoceum.
PANDOCIUM, Pandoceum.
PANIIIURO'SIS, from irav, 'all,' and 'lipuian,
'sweating.' Sudor uuioeraa'lia. Sweating over
the whole body.
PANHYPEREMIA, Plethora.
PAiV/U D'lrAIAE, Panicum Italicum.
PAMICAUT, Eryngium campestre — p. Mari-
time, Kryngium maritimum.
PANIC GRASS, ITALIAlSr, Panicum Italicum.
PANICUM DACTYLON, Cynodon dactylon.
Pan'icum Itai/icum, from ;)'j»i"»,'' bread,' Ital'-
iiiii Panic Grans, Indian Millet, Guinea Corn,
llnrbd'doei Millet, Mil'inm In'dicnm, Sorghum,
Jliileus Soryhunt, (F.) Millet des oiseanx ou A
(jnippes, Panic d'ltalie. Nat. Ord. Gramineae.
The seed — Mil'ii Sem'ina — are much esteemed in
Italy, being a constant ingredient in soups, and
made into a variety of forms for the table.
Panicum Mima'ceum, P. mil'inm, Common Mil-
hl, Milium, M. Pan'icum seu Esculent' nm, Cen-
c'limn, Cenchrus, (F.) Millol ordinaire, JUL Mil-
k'l.seed are esteemed a nutritious article of diet,
and are often made into puddings.
Panicum Mii,ium, P. miliaceuin.
PANIS CAN rC ACE US, see CaniciB— p. Ciba-
riiis seu secundarius, Syncomistos — p. Cuculi,
Oxalis ncetosella — p. Porcinus, Cyclamen.
PANIV'OROUS, Paniv'orus, from pnnis,
'bread,' and voro, 'I devour.' Subsisting on
bread.
PANNI, Swathing clothes.
PANNICLE. Membrane.
PANXICULE CHARNU, Panniculus car-
nosHs.
PANNICULUS, diminutive of pannus, cloth.
A piece of fine cloth. Pterygion.
Panniculus Anipostrs, Cellular membrane.
Panniculus Carno'sus. Tu'nicn camo'sa. Mna-
cidar Web, Mantle, (F. ) Pannicule charnne, is a
general covering found in the quadruped, and
fiiniied by a thin, subcutaneous muscle, which
serves to move the skin. It exists only in cer-
tain parts of the human body, — as in the fore-
bead, where it is formed by the occipito-frontalis ;
in the neck, by the platysma myoidcs; and, in
(he scrotum, by the cremaster muscle.
Pavniculus CoiiDis. Pericardium — p. Ilyme-
n;eii«, Hvmen — p. Virsrinalis, Hymen.
PU'XrKELL, Cranium.
PAN'NUS. A piece of cloth. This word has
several other meanings, many of which are equi-
vocal. It means a tent for a wound, and, also,
nn irregular niBvus or mark on the skin. — Cas-
tclii. Modera ophthalmologists apply it to an .1
opake and vascular condition of the anterior
membrane of the cornea, almost invariably pro-
duced by the continuance of purulent or strumous
ophthalmia, or* by chronic inflammation of the
cornea. This part becomes nebulous, covered
with red vessels, and opake. At times, the scle-
rotic conjunctiva undergoes a similar change to
that which occurs in the corneal portion.
Pannus Hepaticus, Chloasma — p. Lenticula-
ris, Ephelides.
PANOCIIIA, Bubo.
PANOPHO'BIA, Puntopho'bia, Panpho'bia,
Pauupho'bia, Allii/in'i<(, Puror, (F.) Fraijenr noc-
turne, Souci ; from rTaK, ' the god Pan,' and (poffos,
' fear ;' a panic or fear inspired by the god Pan,
according to the opinion of the ancients. Others
derive it, and with more probability, from rav,
' ail,' and (pofioi, ' fear.' This universal and
groundless fear is morbid, and is a symptom of
melancholy.
PANOPHTHALMI'TIS, from T^a.-, 'all,' and
ophthalmitis, 'inflammation of the eye.' Inflam-
mation of the whole eye.
PANPHOBIA, Panophobia.
PANPLEGIA, Pamplegia.
PANSCLERO'SIS. from irav, 'all,' and okX^-
pwati, 'hardness.' Complete induration of a part.
PANSE, Ingluvies.
PANSBMENT, Dressing.
PANSIES. Viola tricolor.
PANSPER'MIA, from :rav, 'all,' and anepfia,
'sperm.' The theory of Dissemination of Germs,
according to which, ova or germs are disseminated
over all space, undergoing development under
favourable circumstances.
PANSY. Viola tricolor.
PANTAGOGON, Panchymagogum.
PANTANANCEPHA'LIA, from ra./, rrarm,
'all,' and anencepha'lia, absence of brain. En-
tire absence of brain — the same as anencephalia.
—I. G. St. Ililaire.
PANTATROPH'IA, fromTrav, KavTof,'a.\\,' and
arpitipia, ' atrophy.' Universal atrophy.
PANTHOD'IC, Panthod'icus, from vav. tt.ii/to;,
' all,' and 'o6os, 'away.' An epithet applied by
Dr. Marshall Hall, to a course of nervous action
proceeding from one point in all directions to
every other.
PANTICES, Intestine.
PANTING, Anhelatio.
PANTOGANGLIITIS, Cholera.
PANTOPHAGISTS, see Omnivorous.
PANTOPHAGUS, Omnivorous.
PANTOPHOBIA, Hydrophobia, Panophobia.
PANTOZOOTIA, Panzootia.
PANUS, Phygethlon — p. Faucium, Stouiato-
panus -p. Inguinalis, Bubo.
PANZOOT'IA, Pantozodtia ; from vav, 'all,'
and ^<i)ov, ' animal.' An endemic or epidemic
disease affecting animals generally.
P.AP, Mamma, Nipple. Also, a soft food made
of bread boiled or softened with water, (Se.)
Breadberry.
Pap of the Hose, Uvula — p. of the Throat,
Uvula.
PAPAS AMEBIC ANUS, Solanum tuberosum.
PAPA'VER, P. somnif'ernni, Mecon, Lethe' n.
The White Poppt/, Paparer sati'rnm, (F.) Pavot
des Jardins. Ord. Papaveraceaj. «SVx. Si/st. Po-
lyandria Monogynia. The Capsui-k of the
WiiiTF, Poppy, Co'dia, Kwfmi or nwcScia, Sra'phion,
Papnr'eris Caput seu Cap'snia, Paparer, (Ph.
U. S.,) Jfeeon, Poppi/head, is used in fomentation
as an anodyne and relaxant, to inflamed or ulce-
rated parts. The exjircssed oil of the seeds is
called by the French Hnile d'(Eilhtte. It is from
the poppy that Opium— called, also. Opium The-
ba'Icum, Meco'nium, Opion, Afanns Dei, Affion,
Affium, Amphiam, Ajium, Osoron, Lait'dannm,
TAPAVERACEUM
676
PAPPEA CAPENSIS
3fecon, Siojyio, (Prov.) Poppy pill, (F.) Opium hrut
ou cm — is procured. It is the milky juice ob-
tained after the flowering of the plant, hy making
longitudinal incisions in tlie eapsliles and stalks.
It is commonly obtained from the Levant or
India, where the poppy grows abundantly. Opium
is a compound of morphia, narcotina, meconic
acid, codeia, narcein, meeonin, caoutchouc, fecula,
resin, oil, and several other substances. Turkey
Opium is of a heavy and slightly fetid colour.
Its taste is nauseous, bitter, acrid, and warm: it
is in flat pieces; solid and tenacious; of a dark
Vjrown colour, and yellowish when powdered ;
making a light brown, interrupted streak on
paper. In Eatf Iiidia Opium, the odour is the
.*;ame, and empyreuinatic ; the tiiste is less bitter,
but more nauseous, and the colour darker. The
varieties of opium known in commerce are the
iSmyriKi, the Ciinntaiilinople, the Eijyptiim, the
Perxinu, and the Fndinu. Opium is stimulant in
small doses; sedative, in large; narcotic and ano-
dyne; operating through the nervous system. It
is a most valuable remedy in all painful aff"ec-
tions, and inflammations, when given so as to
])roduce its full, sedative effects, especially in pe-
ritonitis. In diarrhoea and dysentery, it acts as an
astringent: and in intermittents, it will often pre-
vent the paroxysm. In typhus, in small doses,
it acts as a cordial; in larger, it allays irritation
«nd produces sleep. When applied externally,
its narcotic effects are developed: and, hence, it
is a useful application to irritable sores, painful
tumours, <fcc. Dose.gr. ^ to J as a stimulant; gr.
j to iv as a sedative.
Papwrr CKitRALK, P. rhoeits — p. C'ornicula-
tum, Cholidonium majus — p. Erraticum, P. rhoeas
— p. Luteum, Chelidoiiiuni tnajus.
Papavkh NiGiunt. This is merely a variety
of the white poppy, producing black seeds.
Papaver KilfEAS. The systematic and phar-
luacopneial name of the Red coni-poppy. Cum
rime, Ptipnver errat'icum seu cerea'le seu rnhrum.
Copper roue, Bed-mai/ken, (F.) Coquelicot. The
heads of this species oontain a milky juice of a
narcotic (|uality. A syrup. Syr'upua /{h(e'ado9,
of its flowers — Rlioens (Ph. L. and E.) — has been
directed, which has been esteemed diaphoretic
and slightly soothing ; but is more admired for
its colour than for any other property.
PAPAVKRACEILM, Opiate.
PAPAVERCUl.U.M, Meconium.
PAPAVERINE, Pitpnveri'na ; from papnver,
'the poppy.' An alkaloid contained in opium;
but not much investigated.
PAPAVERINUM, Codeine.
PAPAW TREE, Carica piipaya,
PAPA YER, Carica papaya.
PAPER, BLISTERING, see Sparadrapum
vesicatoiiiim.
PAPIER EPISPASTIQUE, see Sparadra-
pum vesicatorium.
PAPIL'LA, (F.) PopiUe — diminutive. perhaps,
from ))np'i, one of the earliest cries of the infant,
ascribed to a craving for food. The end of the
l)reast, the nipple. See Nipple. An eminence
similar to a nipple. A name given to small emi-
nences, more or less prominent, at the surface of
several parts, particularly of the skin and mu-
cous membranes, in which latter situation they
are also called villi. See Villous. They appear
formed by the ultimate expansion of the vessels
and nerves, and are susceptible, in some cases, of
a kind of erection. They are also called PupHlis
tiervo'sm seu Ner' rem, P. Pyritmidii'len, Nervonn
pnpil/ce, (F.) Papi/lea ou Papil/es uerveuses,
Houppei nerreities.
Paph.la Lacrvmalis, see Lachrymal pnncta
— p. MamiMie, Nipple— p. Nervi optici, see Optic
nerve — p. Pili, see Hair.
Papill.e, see Corpuscles, Pacinian — p. Prtlyei-
formes, see Papilhc of the tongue— p. Ciipitiilir,
see PapilltB of the tongue — p. Circiiiiiviilhii»>. see
Papilla; of the tongue — p. Coiiiml. see Piipilhu
of the tongue — p. Conoidal, see Pupillio of the
tongue — p. Filiform, see PapilUp i>f the tongiut
— p. Fungiform, see Papilla' of the tongue — p.
Fungoid, see Papillre of the tongue.
Papilla op tiik Km>nky, (F.) Mnmelnnn i!,i
rein, are the projections into the jielvis of the
kidney of the apices of the cones — Pijramldn of
Miilpighi, Pyraiu'ides Jliilpiijhiit'iia! — of the tu-
bular substance of the organ. They lire also
called Priicen'nus maiiiil/ii'res, Canin'cidie p'ljtil-
ht'res, and PapiU'cB reiium.
Papilla, Lh.ntk'iu.ar, see Piipilla} of the
tongue — p. MaxiintB, see Papillic of the tongiu"
— p. Mediije, see Pajjilla! of the tongue— p. Min-
ima;, see PapilliC of the tongue — p. Mucosa', see
Papillae of the tongue — p. Nervea>, Corpuscles,
Pacinian — p. Nervous, see Pai)illa — p. Pyra-
midal, see Papilliie of the tongue — p. Pyrn-
midales, see Papilla — p. Renum, see Piipillic of
the kidney — p. Semilenticulares, see Papilla; of
the tongue.
PwilijM of the Tongue are very nuiiiprnus
and marked. They are observed, ])arliculiirly. at
the upper surface of the organ, and are distin-
guished into — -1. The Leiilic-'ultir popil/ir,, Piipilla:
muco'ia seu mnx'imee seu cnpitu'lm seu viillu'lie
seu circnmvnU(t'tcB seu trunca'tm seu calyci/or'nu'i.
They are arranged at the base of the tongue in
two oblique lines having the shape of the letter
V; and united angularly at the foramen Ciuoinn.
They have, in general, an ovoid or spliericnl
shape, and have seemed to be mucous follicles
similar to those of the palate, lips, &c. 2. The
Fun'fjiform or Fuiir/nid Papilla', Papilla! me'dia
seu semileiiticula' reifSivQ of indeterminate niiniher,
but always more numerous than the preceiling.
They are irregularly disseuiinated near the edges
and the point of the tongue ; have a rouniloii and
flattened head, supported by a short and narrow
footstalk. Their tint is whitish. 3. The Cou'icol,
Coiioid'al or Pyram'idnl papilla;, P. min'iiiiO'. seu
villo'^ae. are the most numerous of all. Their
arrangement is more regul.ir in the furppnrt of
the tongue than behind. They reseinblc small
cones : the base being towards the tongue and
the apex free. The anterior are very small, ami
have been called Fll'iform pnpil'Im. They ap-
pear to be produced by the terminations nf the
filaments of the lingual nerve, and are surround-
ed by an evident vascular network.
Papii>L/E Truncate, see Papilhe of thetnngno
—p. Vallatiie, sec Papillse of the tongue— p. Vil-
losiie, see Papillre of the tongue.
PAP'ILLARY, Papiila'rix. Papill'nm, (F.)
Papillaire, from papilla. Of or belonging to the
nipple or to the papilhe.
Papillary Banv. Corpus pnpillare.
PAPILLI-AUT-MAMMILLI-FORMIS, Mas-
toid.
PAPILL'IFORM, Papilli/orm'ii, from pnpilln,
and forma, ' form.' Having the shape or appear-
ance of a papilla.
PAPILLO'MA. A tumour, whose specific ele-
ments are those of the papillie of the normal
skin ; and which consequently is composed of ft
stem of fibrous or homogenous connective tissue;
is club-shaped, cylindrical or acuminated, and
covered with a layer of epithelial cells, similar to
those of the normal papillae. — Forster.
PAPILLOUS. Papillary.
PAPOOSE ROOT, Caulophyllum thalictro'ides.
PAPPE, Mamma.
PAPPEA CAPEN'SIS. A small tree nfthe
Nal. Ord. SapindaceiB, common in Caffcrlnml.
the fruit of which is called Wild Plum: It
PAPPUS AMERICANUS
677
PARAGLOSSA
furnishes a vinous beverage, and excellent vine-
g,ir. Its kernel contains an oil, wliieli, although
eatiil)le. is somewhat cathartif, and is recom-
uieiidoil us an external application in tinea
ciiiiilii*, alopecia, Ac.
PAPPUS AMERICANUS, Solanum tubero-
sum.
PAP'IILA. Akin to pnpi'lln. A pimple, Ejc-
or'wix, (Prov.) Poii/re, Puckle, (So.) I'liike, I'luuk,
(F.) I'lipiili;, Jiouloii, Boitri/eon. A small, acu-
luinaled elevation of the cuticle, with an inflamed
liiise; very seldom containing a fluid, or suppu-
rating, and commonly terminating in scurf or
desquamation. An eruption of pimples is called,
in Devonshire, Mitijlex.
I'apnlcB form the first order of AVillan and
Bateiiian's arrangement of cutaneous diseases.
Pai'ui.a AortiA, Lichen agrius — p. Fera, Her-
pes cxedens — p. Miliaris, Miliary fever — p. Ty-
phosa, Spots, red.
pAi'iiL.*;, Lichen — p. Siccse, Lichen — p. Sudo-
ris, Miliary fever — p. Sudorales, Sudamina.
PAPULAR, Papulose.
PA/'ULErX, Papulose.
PAP'ULOSK, /'iipiito'mts, Pap'nlouH. Papida'-
liii, Pimpled, Pap'ulur, Papula' rii, (F.) Papu-
leiix, from papilla. Of or belonging to, resem-
bling, or covered with, papula? or pimples.
PAQUKHETTI-: VIVACE, Bellis.
PAR NERVO'RUM, fSi/z'i/<ji neivo'rum. A
pair of nerves.
PAit NoNiiH, Ilypoglossus — p. Opticum Nervo-
rum, Optic nerve— p. Primum nervorum cerebri.
Olfactory nerve — p. Quartum, Pathetic nerve —
p. Quintum nervorum eorebralium, Trigemini — p.
Secundum nervorum. Optic nerve — p. Septimum
sivc faciale. Facial nerve — p. Tertium, Motores
oeulc.ruin— p. Trigeminum, Trigemini — p. Trium
f'uuiculoruni, Trigemini — p. Vagus, Pneumogas-
tric — p. Visorius, Optic nerve.
PAHA, nnpa, a common prefix, 'by, near, con-
trary to, through,' (per;) 'above and beyond,'
{ultra ;] 'besides,' (prater.) In certain terms, as
in /'((cocusis, /-"((rapsis, Parahysimi, &o., used
by Dr. Good, para means a defective or morbid
condition.
Pai!A Nut, .^ee Pichurim beans.
PARABAL'ANUS, from napaflanctv, (:Tapa,
and ^uXXctv, 'to cast,') 'to expose one-self.' A
nauie given, by the ancients, to a person who de-
voted himself to the service of the sick in hos-
Iiitals; and particularly during epidemics and the
piajuc.
PARABYS'MA, from napa, and Pvcn; 'to stuff.'
Inlarcti(Mi or engorgement of an organ — as Pura-
byitma Lie'iiis, Kngorgcment of the spleen.
Pakabysma Mksknteuicum, Tabes 'mesente-
ricn.
PARABYS'TIA, same etymon. Engorgement
or infarction of an organ with blood.
PARACELSIS'TA, Paraeel'ulst, Parnccl'sian ;
from Paracelsus. A follower of Paracelsus.
I'ARACELSISTICA MEDICINA, see Spagy-
rists. ^ °^
PARACENTE'RIUM. Same etymon as the
next. Woolhouse has given this appellation to a
small trocar, employed by Nuck for puncturing
the eye in cases of dropsy of that organ.
PARACENTE'SIS, Perfora'tio, Piinc'fio,
Pdiiclii'ra, Ceiiembate'sin, Cente'nis, Compiinc'tio,
(r.) J'araveiiteie, from napaKCVTcu), (irnna, and
KtvTcu), 'I pierce,') 'I pierce through.' Puncture.
The operation of tappimj to evacuate the collected
fluid in ascites, ovarial dropsy, &c.
Pahackniksis, Puncturing — p. Thoracis, Tho-
racocentesis.
PARArENTETERION. Trocar.
PA R A C ENTIC ION, Trocar.
PARACEPII'ALUS, (F.) ParacSphale, from
Ttapa, 'defective,' and Kc^aXtjy 'head.' A genus
of monsters, with the head badly formed, but
voluminous; the face distinct, with a mouth; ru-
dimental sensorial organs, and thoracic members.
PARACIIRCE'A, from para, and xi'"") 'colour.'
Morbid change of colour of the surface, especially
of the face.
PARACHROMA, Achromatopsia.
PARACIIROSIS, Decoloration.
PARACINE'SES, ((}.) Parak inesien, from
para, and Kivrjaii, 'motion.' Diseases of the
motor nerves; morbid movements of voluntary
muscles.
PARACMASIS, Decline.
PARACMAS'TIC, Paracmas'ticm, from ica-
paKna^ui, (para, and uKiit), 'the highest point,') 'I
decrease.' Decreasing. An epithet for a distem-
per, which gradually decreases. Also, according
to Galen, the period of life when a person is said
to grow old, which he places at from 35 to 49,
after which he is said to be old— a definition that
would not suit us at the present day.— Gorrseus,
and Castelli.
PARACMASTICOS, see Acmasticos.
PARACME, Decline.
PARACOE,_see Cophosis, Paracusis.
PARAC'OPE, Paraph'ora, Paracrti'ei's, from
wapaKorri-u, (para, and /corrroi, 'I strike,') 'I strike
falsely.' Delirium. In Ilippocratei!, it means
the slight delirium which sometimes occurs in
febrile diseases.
PARACOUSIA, see Cophosia.
PARAC'RISES, (G.) Parakrisien : from
para, and Kinati, 'secretion.' Diseases of the
secretory function. — Fuchs.
PARACRUSIS, Paracope.
PARACUSIS, Cophosis. Also, perverted au-
dition.
Pauacu'ris Acris, Aiidi'tiisa'crior, Paracn'ms
oxycoi'a, from para, and nKovan, ' the act of
hearing.' The hearing painfully acute, and iilto-
lerant of the lowest sounds ; a symptom in
otalgia, epilepsy, cephalitis, and febrile afiec-
tions.
Pauacusis Duplicata, Double hearing p.
Imaginaria, Tinnitus aurium — p. Imperfecta,
Double hearing, P. perversa — p. Obtusa, Earye-
coia — p. Oxycoia, P. acris.
Paracusis Pkuvku'sa, P. WHUsia'na seu im-
perfvc'ta, Pcrrerxe hearing. The ear only sensi-
ble to articulate sounds, when excited by other
and louder sounds intermixed with them. — Good.
_ Paracusis Surditas, see Cophosis — p. Willi-
siana, Paracusis perversa.
PARACYCLE'SES, (G.) Parakyklesen,
from para, and KvxXnaif, (kvkXos, 'a circle,') 'cir-
culation. Diseases of the blood as regards its
distribution and motion. — Fuchs.
PARACYESIS, Pregnancy, morbid. Pregnan-
cy, preternatural — p. Abortus, Abortion — p. Tu-
baria, Salpingocyesis._
PARACYNAN'CIIE, (para, and cynanche.)
Inflammation of the external muscles of the la-
rynx. According to others, a slight cynanche.
PARiESTHESIA, Paresthesis — p. Olfactoria,
Parosmia.
PAR.ESTIIESIS, Paresthesis — p. Auditfls
flacca, Proptoina auricularum.
PAR/ETHENAR, Parathenar.
PAR.\GEUSIS, Ageustia. Also, perversion
of taste, Parac/eii'sia, Parat/eiist'ia, AUatrioyeua'-
tia, Gitstita deprava'tus, from para, and ycvais,
' taste.'
PARAGEUSTIA, Parageusis.
PARAGLOSSA. Parof/loi'se, from para, and
yXuiaaa, 'the tongue;' Swelling of the tongue;
JJiispha'gia Linrfiio'na, Glasnomef/in'tiis, Macro-
r/l<is'aa, Prulap'aim litujiicB. Sauvages, under the
term Purai/lunaa deglutito'riu, means a pretended
PARAGOGE
678
PARAniONIA
doubling of the tongue into the pharynx, (F.)
Jteni^ernemeiit rie In Iniif/iie. See Glossocele.
PARAGOGE. Abduction, Coaptation.
PARA(50MP1I0'SIS. Parayomphoxin cap'itis,
from para, and ynjxiinitaiq, ' a nailing.' Incomplete
wedging of the head of the child in the pelvis
during labour.
PARAKINESTEN. Paracineses.
PA HA KR rSfEX, Paracrises.
PA RA K YKLESEN, Paracycleses.
PARALALIA, Mogilalia — p. Nasalis, Rhino-
phonia.
PARALAMP'SIS, iroprjAa/i\l/if, from vapaXan-
Tiit, (nupa, and \ajxnii>, 'I shine, '1 'I shine at the
side of;' 3liic'iila cornea margaritd'ceci, Perla.
A cicatrix on the transparent part of the eye. —
Hippocrates.
PARALEREMA, Delirium.
PARALLAGE, Insanity.
PARALLA(jlx\IA, C'lievnncJicment.
PARALLAXIS, Chevaimhement, Insanity.
PARALLE'LA. A kind of scurfy, cutaneous
eruption, affecting the palms of the hands, in
parallel lines, and symptomatic of the venereal
disease. — Forestus.
PARALLELISM OF DISEASES, Isopathia.
PARALOtilA, Delirium.
PARALOPH'IA, from piara, and Xoiptn, 'the
first vertebra of the back.' The lower and lateral
part of the neck, near the vertebrae. — Keil.
PARALYSE, Paralytic. ,
PARALYSfE, Paralysis — p. Musctdaire atro-
phiqiie, Atrophie musculaire, progressive — p. Sa-
turniiie, Palsy, lead.
PARAL'YSIS, Par'esis, JResohi'ti'o memhro'-
riiin seu iiervo'rum, Cants pnralysin, Catal'yuis,
(F.) Para/i/eie, Resolittinn lies membres ; Alien' -
ria, Anev'ria, Anervlmin'c, — Piorry ; Pahy ; from
r(lpa^D(^), [-napa, and Xucd, 'I loosen,') 'I relax.'
Abolition or great diminution of the voluntary
motions, MynpnraVyais, and sometimes of sensa-
tion, in one or more parts of the body.
Palsy is said to be lucid, when it affects only a
few muscles. AVhen it extends to half the body,
vertically or horizontally, it is called Hemiph'-
giii or Pciraple'gia. It is commonly symptoma-
tic of disease of the brain or of the nerves them-
selves, and is a frequent accompaniment, precur-
sor, or successor of apoplexy, — PhrenojMind'ytis.
The immediate cause is. generally, pressure,
either by blood effused, or by serum, or by vas-
cular turgescence. At its onset, therefore, blood-
letting may be advisable ; but, afterwards, the
disease becomes one of nervous debility, and re-
quires stimulants to the paralyzed parts, or to
the mucous membranes, — frictions, sinapisms,
blisters, the moxa, baths, electricity, galvanism,
purgatives, and the nux vomica, which last has
the property of exciting movements where the
will has no longer power. The disease generally
admits only of palliation, and is extremely apt to
recur.
Paralysis, Primula veris.
Paral'ysis Ag"itans, p. trem'ida, Syri'donui
bnllis'nnis, Scelofyr'be festi'iinnn, Tremor, Tromos,
SJiakiiiy Palsy, Trembling Palsy. A variety of
tremor, in which the muscles are in a perpetual
alternation of contraction and relaxation.
Paralysis, Bull's, Bell's Pahy, Histrion'ic
Paral'yiis or Palsy, Pnral'ysis facia'lis, Proso-
paral'ysis, Trismus dias'troplie Snuvnge'sii, Di-
as'trophe GaJe'ni, Hemiple'gia facia'lis, Oris
tortn'ra paralyt'ica Liiinm'i, Hemiprosople'yia.
The paralysis of the face induced by a lesion of
tiie portio dura, has been called Bell's Palsy,
owing to Sir Charles Bell having been one of the
first to investigate it minutely.
Paralysis Beriberia, Beriberi — p. Extremi-
tatum, Aoro-paralysis — p. Facialis, Paralysis,
Bell's — p. Hemiplegia, Hemiplegia — p. Histrionic,
Paralysis, Bell's — p. of the Insane, Domoiiiia
paralytica — p. Intcstini recti, Proctoparalysis
p. Intestinoruni, Entcroiiaralysis — p. Lingua>,
Glossolysis — p. Medullaris, Paniplegia — p. Mc-
tallica, Palsy, lead — p. Nervi liypoglossi, (jIossd.
plegia — p. Nervi vagi in parte tlioracica, Astliiiia
— p. Nervorum thoracis, Ac., Stetiioparnlysis— )>.
from Poisons, P. Venenata — p. Rachialgia, Cohc,
metallic — p. Saturnine, Palsy, lead — p. Scorl)u-
tica, Pellagra — p. Spinalis, Paraplegia — p. Tre-
mula. Paralysis agitans.
Paral'ysis Vk.vkna'ta, Paralysis e vene'iiio,
Paralysis from poisons. Paralysis, the result uf
poisonous substances — as of lead, mercury, ar.se-
nic, ergot, &c.
Paralysis e Ve.venis, P. Venanata— p. Ven-
triculi, Gastroparalysis.
PARALYT'IC, Paridyf'icns, Par'idyzed, Pal',
sicd, (F.) Paralyse, I'liralytiqne. Saino elynion
as Paralysis. Affected with or causing paralysis.
Paralytic Stroke, see Stroke, paralytic.
PARALYZED, Paralytic.
PARAME'NIA, from para, and iir/v, 'a monlli,'
Menslruix'tio anom'idn, 3feiises auuiii'ida;. Mis-
menstruation. Difficult menstruation. Disordered
menstruation.
Paramenia Difficilis, Dysmenorrhcoa — p.
Erroris, Menstruation, vicarious — p. Obstruclio-
nis, see Ainenorrhoea — p. Profusa, Menorrhagia
— p. Superflua, Menorrhagia.
PARAME'RIA, Triipufivina, from para, niul
linpos, 'the thigh.' The internal parts of the
thigh.
PARAMESOS, Annular finger, see Digitus.
PARAMO DE RUIZ, MINERAL WATERS
OF. A remarkable acid spring in New Graniuhi.
It contains free sulphuric and chlorohydric acids,
and has a temperature of 157° Fahr.
PARANEPIIRI'TIS,from^9a)((, and nephritis,
'inflammation of the kidney.' Inflammation uf
the renal capsules, Injiamma'tio renum sncceiitu-
riato'rum.
PARANCEA, Delirium, Dementia.
PARANYMPII'US, from para, and vd/j^Vi 'a
young spouse,' 'a bride.' A name given by the
ancients to him who led the bride to the house of
her husband. The terra was adopted into the
ancient schools of medicine to designate tlie
usual discourse pronounced at the end of the pre-
scribed period of study for licentiate, in which
the qualifications and merits of the candidate
were described.
PARAPATHIA, Pathomania.
PARAPECHYON, Radius.
PARAPHIA, Parapsis.
PARAPHIMO'SIS, Periphimo'sis, Circnm-
ligatu'ra, Phimo'sis circnmliga'ta, Penis lipn-
derm'us, from para, and ipijjioii), 'I bridle.' Stran-
gulation of the glans penis, owing to the opening
of the prepuce being too narrow. It frequently
happens in persons affected with phimosis, when
the prepuce has been pushed violently behind the
base of the glans, during copulation, <fec. In
paraphimosis, the narrow and resisting aperture
of tlie prepuce forms, behind the corona glandis,
a kind of ligature, which strangulates the part,
causes it to swell and inflame, and even to be-
come gangrenous. Attempts must he made to
bring back the prepuce. These excite consider-
able pain, yet they must be persevered in fur
some time ; and should they not succeed, tlie
rings, formed by the tumefied prepuce, must be
cut transversely, and the antiphiogislie treatment
be adoi)ted.
PARAPHOBIA, Hydrophobia.
PARAPHO'NIA, from j^'^a, and i^uvi?, 'the
voice.' Affection of the voice, when its charac-
ter or timbre is less agreeable.
rARAPIIORA
679
PAREIRA
Paraphovia Ct.ANGBNs, Oxyphonia — p. Gut-
tiiriiliH, Asiiphia — p. NMsali?, KhiiiDphonia — p.
Puberuin, Hiniuitalitas — p. Rauca, Kaucedo — p.
IJIceiiisn. OwpliDiiia.
I'ARAIMIORA. Delirium, Paracope.
PARAl'IIKHXKSIS, Paraphrenitis — p. Dia-
phraj^inatifii, Diaphragmitis.
PAHA I'llltKXIK, Insanity.
PAKAI'llKHNPTlS, from parn, and 4>ptvti,
'the iliaphriii;in ;' /'iirriphr('ue'nin, (F.) Para-
nhrdiciie. A name given to inflammation of the
diaphragm, (see Diai>hragmitis,) which was sup-
posed always to produce delirium : — as well as to
the delirium itself accompanying that affection.
See I'lireiiitis.
PA H A Pll ROSYNE. Delirium.
PARAPH ROTES, Delirium.
I'ARAPLAS'T IC, PampUtn'tiem. from paro,
an<l irAdoriifiH, ' formative.' Possessed of depraved
foniialive powers, — as Carcinoma, Encephaloma,
Melanosis, kc.
PAR.M'LE'GIA, Paraplex'Sa, Rnchioparal'y-
lin, Itliiiihliipiinil' i/hi'h, jilinchi<ij)le't/i<i, Myelo-
purdl'i/iiK, I'linil'i/nia Hpiini'liu seu MedulJu' tin,
t'linm piirdti/Hi's pnruple'</!a, (¥.) Par<iple()!e,
from p'lid, and irXrjo-o-w, 'I strike.' Palsy of the
lower half of the body, including the bladder and
rectum. It is, generally, owing to disease of
some part of the eerebro-spinal axis; especially
of the spinal portion. The ancients sometimes
used the term for incomplete apoy)lexy. Some
authors have, also, made a distinction between
pa rapt I (/ill and pnraplexia, — using the former
for port id! tipop/exi/, — the latter for general or
conijili^ti: apaji/i'j i/.
PARAPl-EUlilTIS, Pleurodynia.
PARAPI.KXIA, Paraplegia.
PARAPOPIIYSES, see Vertebra.
PAR AP'OPLEXY. Parnpoplex'in, from para,
and azorrXn^ta, 'apoplexj'.' False apoplexy; a
soporous state, resembling apoplexy ; and espe-
cially that which occurs in the paroxysms of per-
nicious intermittents.
PARAP'.SIS, Piiraph'in, from para, and aitro-
fiat, ' I touch.' Sense of touch or general feeling
vitiated or lost. — (lood.
Pahapsis Actus Tknkritudo, Soreness — p.
Expers, Torpor, Aniesthesia — p. Illusoria, Pseu-
da>sthesia — -p. Pruritus, Itching.
PARARMA, Fimbria.
PARARRIIYTIIMICUS, Pararrhvthmus.
PARARRIIYTII'.MUS, /'amrrAy?/i'/-n<»-<,from
prtni, idhI fiuSuoi, 'rhythm.' An epithet for the
pulse, when it has not the rhythm proper to the
age and ccmstitution of the individual.
VAWAKTUKE'MAJ'arartlno'ma.Pararfhre'-
S)», Parriillin/Ki'x. Parte' tasix, Parnatrcp'sis, from
]>'< ra, nnd apifiov, 'a joint,' Incomplete luxation ;
subluxation.
PARASCEPAS'TRA, from para, nm\ OKtxe^io,
'1 cover.' A cap or bandage, which covers the
whole head. — Galen.
PARASCEUK. Apparatus.
PARAS'OIIIDES, from jiara, and cki^o), 'I
cleave.' Fragments or splinters of a broken bone.
P.AK'ASITE, Pa raiii't UK, from TrupaatTCOi, (napa,
and c-irof, 'corn,' ' food.') ' I oat by the side of.'
Parasites are ])lants which attach themselves to
other plants: and animals which live in or on the
bodies of other animals, — so as to subsist at their
expense. The mistletoe is a parasitic plant; —
the louse a parasitic animal. The chief parasitic
animals are the Prdlc'iilim hunin'nun corp'orin,
P. cap'llin, P. ptihis, Piile.T irri'tans, P. j)en'-
flraiin. »ui\ the Ac'ariiK Sra'hiei.
PARASIT'IC, Para«lt'icu<i. Par'asitold, Pa-
ranito'i'ilei. Same etymon. Having the nature of,
or resembling a parasite, — as 'parasitic growths,'
tubercles, cancer, monster, (F.) Paraeiluire, <tc.
PARASITICIDE, Antiparasitic.
PARASI'TISM, ParanitUm'us. Same etymon
as Parasite. The condition of a parasite, or of an
organized body which lives on another organized
body.
PARASITISMUS INTESTINALIS, Helmin-
thiasis— p. Superficiei, Malis.
PARASIT0G"ENY, Paraiitngen'ia, Paraai-
togeu'esin.- The corporeal condition, which favours
the development of parasites.
PARASITOID, Parasitic.
P.AKASP.A'DIA, from para, and (tttou, 'I
draw.' A preternatural opening of the urethra
at the side of the penis. One whose urethra
opens in this manner is called ParaHpadia' us
and Paranpa'dias.
PARASPADI^US, see Paraspadia.
PARAS'PHAGIS, from para, and a<paYri, 'the
throat.' The part of the neck contiguous to the
clavicles.
PARAS'TATA, Paras'tates, from iraptarriiii,
(■Kdpa, and larftrji.) ' I stand near.' The prostate.
In Hippocrates, it means the epididymis. The
epididymes were called by Herophilus and Galen
Varico'Kce paraiUitcR, to distinguish them from
f/laiidiilo'scB parantatm or prostate. Rufus of
Ephesus called the Tubas Fal'opianae ParasiatcB
varied' HCP..
Parastata Adenoidks, Prostate — p. Glan-
dula. Prostate — p. Glandulosa, Prostate.
PARASTATES, Parastata.
PARASTATI'TIS, Epididymi'tia ; from pa-
raitala, ' epididymis,' and ilis, denoting inflam-
mation. Inflammation of the epididvmis.
PARASTREM'MA, Para>i'tropl,e,''from vapaa-
Tpiipu), [irapa, and aTpc(pw, ' I turn,') 'I distort or
pervert.' Convulsive distortion, especially of the
face, the soft parts being drawn laterally.
PARASTREPSIS, Pararthrema.
PARASTROPM K. Parastremma.
PARASYNANCIIE, Cynanche parotidaa.
PARASYSTOLE, Acinesia.
PARATH'ENAR, Para'lhennr. from para, and
iivap, ' the sole of the foot.' Winslow called grand
parathciiar, paratlienar majar, a portion of the
abductor of the little toe, muncidus wandida'riiia ;
an<l petit panxtht^iiar, paratlienar minor, the short
flexor of that toe.
ParathI'^nah Ma.ior, Abductor minimi digiti
pedis — p. Minor, Flexor brevis minimi digiti
pedis.
PARATIIROMA, Elongatio.
PARATONIA, see Spasm.
PARATOPIA, Luxation.
PARATOP'IyE, from para, and tottos, 'place.'
Diseases in which organs are removed from their
proper position. See Ectopia.
PARATRIMMA, Chafing.
PARATROPE. Apotrope.
PARAT'ROPHY, Parat'rophe, Paratrnjyh'ia,
from para, and rpoipn, 'nourishment. Misnu-
trition.
PARBREAKING, Vomiting.
PARDALIANCHES, Aconitum.
PARDALIANCHUM, Aconitum.
PAREC'TAMA, Parec'tasia, from para, CK,
'out of,' and tuvu), ' I stretch.' Immoderate ex-
tension, distension, or dilatation of a part — as of
the heart.
PARECTASIS, Pararthrema, Pareclama.
PAREGOR'IC, Paregor'ieua, Sn'piena, (J.)
Parfgariqiie, from irapriyopeij) {napa. and ayoptvii)),
'I soothe, I calm.' That which soothes or as-
suages— as paregoric elixir. An anodyne.
PAREIA. Gena.
PAREIRA. see P. brava.
Parki'ra Brava, Ciaaam'peloa Pareira, Pit-
rei/ra, Biitiia, Aim' la, Albii'tiia, Patau, Caa-pehn,
Overo biitita, Wild vine, Velvet leaf. Family,
FARELLE
C80
rAROMniALOCELE
McnispcrmefB. Sex. Si/sf. Diwcia Monadelphia.
The root of this plant — Pureira (Ph. U. S.) — a
native of South America and the West Indies,
li:is a sweet taste, with considerable bitterness and
slight roughness. It has l)een recommended in
nepliritic and calculous affections; but it is not
much used. By A. de St. Hilaire, Pareira is as-
'^igned to CiHuampelos ylaher' rima.
PAliELLE, llumex hydrolapathum, R. pa-
tieritia.
PARENCEPIIALIS, Cerebellum.
PARENCEPlIALITrS. Cerebellitis.
PARENCEPIIALOCE'LE, from 7ra^£y-c£(^aXif,
[-apu, and i.yKtpa\ot;, 'the brain,') 'the cerebel-
lum,' and K>)A?;, 'a rrpturo.' Hernia of the cere-
b'd'liim ; a very rare disease. It occurs under
the form of a soft, indolent, or slightly painful
tumour, without change in the colour of the skin,
and is situate in the occipital region. It is con-
.vtituted of the cerebellum, which escapes through
an aperture in the occipital bone. Great atten-
tion must be paid not to mistake it for an ordi-
nary tumour, as its extirpation would be attended
with fatal consequences.
PAKENCEPllALUS, Cerebellum.
PAREN'CHYMA, Caro parenehymctt'ica seu
vii'cernm seu viscera'lis seu niscero'sn, SubKtnn'tla
ptirenehytu(iti>'sit, Prothen'mn, (F.) Pareiichi/me.
The texture of glandular and other organs, com-
posed of agglomerated globules united by areolar
tissue, and tearing with more or less facility.
Such is the texture of the liver, kidneys, <fcc.
Tlapeyx^'l^" signifies, in Greek, effusion, (irapa, ev,
and x"'^' ' I pour,') and it was believed, that this
tissue consisted of effused blood or other fluid.
Pauknchyma Tkstis, Pulpa testis.
PAREN'CIIYMAL, Pai-encln/m'atom, Pnren'-
ehtjinoiiH, Piirenvlii/DKt'lis, Pni-enchymat' icns, (F.)
J'<(ieiicliijm<iteiix ; same etymon. Belonging or
relating to the parenchyma of an organ.
PARENCHYMATI'TIS: from jmrenchymn,
and itis, denoting intlamination. Jnflainmu'ti'o
pttreuchi/mat'ica. Inflammation of the substance
of an organ.
PARKNCFIYMATOUS, Parenchymal.
PAR'ESrS, from irapiri^i, 'I relax.' (F.) Pa-
reiie. Paralysis. According to some, a slight,
incomplete paralysis, aS'ecting motion, not sen-
sation.
PARESTHE'STS, Parcesthe'sh, Paresfhe'sia,
Sensim iiiiper/ec'tits, from para, and ataOnatf,
'sensation.' Congenital misconstruction of the
external organs of sense. A genus in the no-
sology of (Jood. Also, perversion of sensibility.
PARET'ICA EXARTHRO'SIS. Luxation
from relaxation of the ligaments of a joint.
PARE TICUS, Relaxant.
PAREYRA, Pareira brava.
PARFU.n, Suffimentum.
PARIERA, Pareira brava.
PARIES, Table.
PARl'ETAL, Pnrietn'Jh. Pm-iet'innn, from
paries, parietia, ' a wall.' Appertaining to the
jiarietes or walls of an organ or to the parietal
bones.
Parietal Artery, see P. Bones.
Parietal Bones, Ossa parieta'lia seu vertica'-
lia seu ver'ttcis seu siitcip'itis seu hrer/'matls seu
l/re;piiitt' ica seu nerva'lia seu letrago'na, are two
fellow-bones, occupying the lateral and upper
parts of the cranium, in the formation of vfhich
they assist. They have a quadrilateral shape:
their external surface is convex, and presents, at
its middle part, an eminen((e called the Parietal
protabernnce, Tuber parietn'ie, (F. ) Bosne parii-
tale. Their inner or cerebral surface, which is
concave, has a depression that corresponds with
the preceding eminence, and which is called the
Parietal fusHU, Fosau parieta'lis. Above and be-
hind, near the superior edge of these bones, is a
foramen, which does not always exist, called the
Parietal foramen, Vora'nieu parirta'le, through
which passes a vein — parietal vein — Ihiit opens
into the superior longitudinal sinus of the dura
mater: and an artery — parietal artery— n branch
of the occipital, which ramifies on the same sinus.
Each parietal bone is articulated abnre, with its
fellow; below, with the temporal bone; before,
with the frontal; behind, with the occipitaij and
by the anterior and inferior angle with the great
ala of the sphenoid. Each parietal bone is de-
veloped from a single point of ossification.
Parietal Foramen, see P. Bones — p. Fossa,
see P. Bones — p. Protuberance, see P. Bunes
p. Veins, see P. Bones.
PARIETA'RIA, P. offieina'lis, Ilelx'ine, Vi-
tra'ria. Wall pel'litory, (F.) ParKtaire eommiine,
Perce-muraille, Aiimnre, Herbe aii.r nnirnilles ou
des Nones. Family, UrticeiB. tStx. Si/nt. Poly-
gatnia Monoecia. This plant grows on old walls,
— hence its name, from paries, parietis, 'a wall,'
— and contains much nitrate of potassa. It is
diuretic, but is not much used.
Parieta'ria PKNNSYLVAN'icA,^wer'(can Pel'.
litory, a small weed, flowering from June to Au-
gust, has been used in juice or decoction as a
diuretic, deobstruent [?] and emmenagogue.
PARI'ETES, Plural of Paries, 'a wall,' (F.)
P<trois. A name given to parts which form the
enclosures or limits of different cavities of the
body, as the Parietes of the eraniam, chest, <fec.
PARIETINUS, Parietal.
PARIS. P. quadrifn'lia. Sola'num qnndri/o'.
linni, lira irtver'na seu Inpi'na seu vulpi'iia, One-
berry, Trnelove, (F.) Parisette, Raisin de llennrd,
Ilerbe a Paris, Etrangle-lonp. It possesses nar-
cotic properties, and was formerly considered a
powerful love philter. It is emetic, and is some-
times used extornallv as a resolvent and anodyne.
PARISAGOGE INTESTIXORUM, Intussus-
ceptio.
PARTSETTE, Paris.
PARISTH'MIA, para, and «r9^o?, 'the throat.'
A word employed to designate the tonsils, and,
likewise, inflammation of the tonsils. Cynanche
tonsillaris, and Cynanche in general.
PARISTIIMIOT'OMUS, from rrapir^pia, ' the
tonsils,' and rfjivw, ' I cut' An instrument with
which the tonsils were formerly scarified.
PARISTHMTTIS, Cynanche, C. tonsillaris.
PARISTIIMIUM, Tonsil.
PARISWORT, Trillium latifolium.
PARMA CITY, Cetaceum — p. Poor Man's,
Thlaspi bursa.
PARME'LIA PARIET'INA, Liehen pariet'.
inns, Yeilow irall Liehen, Common Yellow Wall
Moss, which grows abundantly on trees and walls,
Order, Lichenacca?, is used in intermittent fever
on account of its bitterness.
PARMELIA IRLANDICA, Lichen Islandicus
— p. Plicata, Lichen plicatus — p. Pnlmonacea,
Lichen pulinonarius — p. Roccella, Lichen roc-
cella — p. Saxatilis, Lichen snxatilis.
PARMENTIE'RA CERIF'ERA, Pah de
veins. Candle Tree. A forest tree in the valley
of the Chagres, — Nat. Ord. Creseentiaccic, — the
long cylindrical fruit of which, resembling can-
dles, serves for food for cattle.
PAROARTON. Parovarium.
PAROCHETEUSIS, Derivation.
PARODON'TIDES, from para, and o^odj,
tooth.' Tumours on the gums; parulis, Ac.
PARODYNIA, Dystocia — p. Perversa, Pre-
sentation. preternatural.
PAROTS. Parietes.
PAROLE. Voice, articiilated.
PAROMPUALOCE'LE, from para, opda^os,
PARONIRIA
0 81
PAROTIS
'the nnvel,' and «;;>';, 'rupture.' Hernia near
the navel.
PARONI'RIA, from para, and ovtipav, 'a
dreiim.' Dejiraved, disturbed, or morbid dream-
ing: Oiieiro<l}jii'{a acti'va, Erethis' mits tiiieiro-
(li/ii'ia. The voluntary organs connected with
llic passiii)^ train of ideas, overpowered by the
fi)ree of llie imagination during dreaming, and
iiivoluiitiirily excited to their natural or acciis-
liiineil actions, while the other organs remain
asleep. — Good.
Pakoniiua Ambulans, Somnambulism — p. Sa-
lax, I'dlliition.
PAIIO.N'Y'CIIIA, Paroii'i/chli, Paroni/thi'tis,
Puii'iiri^, liedii'vid, Rtdiv' id, Vcruiis seu Pteri/i/'-
I'lOH (lli/"iti, Ptiiiarlt" iiim, Dr<jil"inm, Putidulit"-
iiim, PdHHit, Ditcti/li'tia, Paiui' rhim, Oiii/cli'hi,
(F.) Oii;/liide, from ^«//'«, and ovv^, om^oi, 'the
liuil.' The ancients gave this name tc iiii inflam-
matory tumour, — Onychi'tin, Onyxi'tin (Gross),
— seated near the nail, and itivolving the pulp or
niatri.x. Some of the moderns have extended it
lo inllainuiation of the hand, and even of the
fnrearm. It usually means every phlegmonous
tumour of the fingers or toe.s, and especially of
the first phalanx. Four kinds of paronychia are
commonly pointed out: 1. That seated between
the epiilermis and skin, called in France Tour-
iiiole. 2. Tliat seated in the subcutaneous areo-
lar tissue. .3. That occupying the slieath of a
tendon; and 4. That con.sidered to be seated be-
tween the periosteum and bone. The last three
are only different degrees of the same disease,
constituting Wliltlotv, (Prov.) Tea/,; (F.) Mai
d'liveiitiin: : — the worst kinds, in English, are
called Felon. The inflammation generally com-
mences in the subcutaneous areolar tissue, and
ppreads to other parts, occasioning excessive,
lancinating pain, owing to the parts being put
upon the stretch; hence, the necessity of dividing
them freely, — even down to the bone, when there
is reason to believe that the affection belongs to
the fourth division, — making use of emollient
npplicati(ms. the antiphlogistic treatment, and
opiates to relieve pain.
Paiionvchia, Asplenium ruta muraria — p. Di-
gitium, Digitium.
PARONYCHIS, Paronychia.
PAUOXYCIIITIS, Paronychia.
PAUOl'lIOBIA, Hydrophobia.
PAROPIA, Canthus (lesser.)
PAROPLEXIA, Paraplegia.
PAROP.SIS, Dysesthesia visnalis — p. Amau-
rosis, Ainatirosis — p. Cataracta, Cataract — p.
Glaucosis, (JIaucoma — p. Illusoria, Pseudoblep-
sia — p. Lateralis, Dysnpia lateralis — p. Longin-
qua. Presbytia — p. Lucifuga, Nyctalopia — p.
Noctifuga, Ileinoralopia — p. Propin(ina, Myopia
— p. Staphyloma, Staphyloma. — p. Staphyloma
pnrulentuiu, Hypopyon — p. Staphyloma simplex,
HyilrophtlialTnia — p. Strabismus, Strabismus —
p. Synezisis. Synezisis.
PAROPTE'SrS, from raor, dim., and oirrai^,
'I roast.' Forcing a sweat by placing a patient
before the fire or putting him in a drj' bath.
PAUOK.\'SIS, from pnm, and opuu, 'I see.'
Perversion of sight, whirh (ircvents the person
from juilging accurately of the colour of objects.
Avhroiiiiitiip'xiit. Hallucination. — Galen
PAKORCHID'IU.M. from pnm, 'something
wrong,' and o^^yis, o/),Y"^of. ' testicle.' Any position
of one or both testicles, <lilTercnt from that which
they ouirht to occupy in the scrotum : — whether
they may not have descended through the abdo-
minal ring, or are drawn up to the groins by the
cremaster muscle.
PAROR'CHTD 0-ENTEROCE'LE, Hernia
p(iror'c/)ii(i>-eiilei'ic<t. Internal hernia compli-
cated with displacement of the testicle. — Sau-
vages.
PAROSMIA, Anosmia. Also, perversion of
smell ; PiacBisllie'iiia o//iicto'riii, Olfac'tim deprn-
Vd'tiis, Idiimyncru'siu ol/acto'rUi, from para, and
oafjn], ' odour.'
PAROS'TIA, from napa, 'defectively,' and
ooTcov, 'a bone.' Bones untempered in their sub-
stance, and incapable of afiording proper sup-
port.— Good.
Pahostia Flexilts, Mollities ossium — p. Fra-
gilis, Fragilitas ossium.
PAROTIA, Cynanche parotidaea.
J'AKO'V'lD,GI(iiid'i(/(i pai-otide'a seu ad Aures,
Pdio'lin, Aiiiiiiet'la, A/iiiiel'/cB, Lacticin'id ; from
piiia, and ovi, wros, 'the ear.' The largest of
the salivary glands, seated under the ear, and
near the angle of the lower jaw. It is composed
of many separate lobes, giving rise to excretory
ducts, which unite to form one canal, called the
Parotid diivt, Sleiio's canal, — the Ductus superior
or Superior salivary caual, of some. This duct,
after having advanced horizontally into the sub-
stance of the cheek, proceeds through an opening
in the buccinator muscle, and terminates in the
mouth opposite the second upper molaris. About
the middle of its course, it sometimes receives
the excretory duet of a glandular body, situate
in its vicinity, and called the Ac'ccsHory Gland
of the Parotid, So'cia Parot'idis, Glaud'ula ao'cia
porot'idis. In the substance of the parotid are
found— a number of branches of the facial nerve,
of the transverse arteries of the face, and the
posterior auricular. It receives, also, some fila-
ments from the inferior maxillary nerve, and
from the ascending branches of the superficial
cervical plexus. Its lymphatic vessels are some-
what numerous, and pass into ganglions situate
at its surface or behind the angle of the jaw.
The parotid secretes saliva, and pours it copiously
into tfie mouth.
Pauotid, Accessory Glanr of the, see Pa-
rotid.
Parotid Apoxruro'sis. A slieath of great
thickness, continuous, below, with the cervical
fascia. It forms a frame-work to the parotid by
means of fibrous prolongations from its deep sur-
face. Its density accounts for the pain of paro-
titis, and for the difficulty with which pus makes
its way to the surface.
Parotid Arteries, see Parotid — p. Duct, see
Parotid — p. Veins, sec Parotid.
PAROTIDE, Parotis.
PAROTIDE'AN, Parottdw'us,CF.) Parotidien.
Belonging or relating to the parotid.
PAROTIDITIS, Cynanche parotidaa, Parotis.
PAROTIDON'CUS, Tumor puro'tidi><,r. Glnn'.
dulcB piarotide'cR, from pnrotix, and oyxos, 'a tu-
mour.' Swelling of the parotid.
P.'\RO'TIS, P filer/' moiie parotlde'a, Tnflnmma'~
tio paro'tidum, Cytian'che porotida'n, Paroti'tis,
Parotidi'tin, Dioscu'ri, (F.) Parotide, is the name
of a tumour seated under the ear; which is red-
dish, hard, and attended with obtuse pain ; the
progress to suppuration being slow and difficult.
Sometimes it is of a malignant character, slough-
ing, and long protracted. Some French patholo-
gists restrict the term parotide to symptomatic
parotitis — as to that which occurs in plague;
whilst they apply the terms Orei/lous or Ourles,
Parotoiicies, to Cynanche parotidipa or Slumps.
Parotis Contagiosa, Cynanche parotidaea —
p. Epidcmica, Cynanche parotidaia — p. Serojo
PAROTITIS
682
TARTURITION
glutinc tumens, Cynancbe parotideea — p. Spuria,
Cyiianehe parotid;ea.
PAROTITIS, Cynanche parotidaea, Parotis —
p. Epidemica, Cynanche parotidaea — p. Erysipe-
latosa, Cynanche parotidasa — p. Polymor|)ha,
Cynanche parotidaea — p. Specifica, Cynanche
parotidaea.
PAROTONCTES, see Parotis.
PAROVA'RIUM, properly ParoH'n'on ; Cor-
pns'enlum con'iciim RvseiimiiUeri, from para, and
(vaptov, ' the ovary.' A body closely analogous in
structure to the epididymis, which is seated be-
tween the Fallopian tube and the ovary in the
broad ligament. The Corpus WolfBanum con-
curs in its formation. — Kobelt.
PAROXYN'TIC, Paroxyn'ticus^ (F.) Paroxyn-
tiqtie, from Trapo^woj, ' I excite.' Relating to a
paroxysm.
Join-s paroryntiques are days on which parox-
ysms take place.
PAR'OXYSM, Paroxys'mus, from n-apo^uvo),
(irapa, and o^wciv, 'to render sharp.') 'I irri-
tate;' liii'petiis, IiiKid'tut, liiva'sio, Exacerha'tio,
Acces'sio, Acrei'stiy, (Old Erig.) Axes, (F.) Ex-
neerhatioii, Redoublemeiit, Acces. The augmenta-
tion which supervenes at equal or unequal inter-
vals in the symptoms of acute diseases. Also, a
periodical exacerbation or fit of a disease.
PAROXYS'MAL, Paroxynnn'Us ; same ety-
mon. (F.) ParoxyitiquK. Of or belonging to a
paroxysm; — as a paroxynnial day, (F.) Jotir
paroxyatique ; a day on which a paroxysm of
disease occurs.
PAROXYSM US FEBRILIS, Pyrexia.
PAROXYSTIQ LIE, Paroxysmal.
PARS, Genital organs — p. Corporis, Genital
organs — p. Inferior Pedis, Sole — p. Intermedia,
see Corpus spongiosum urethras — p. Mastoidea
of Temporal Bone, Mastoid process — p. Natu-
ralis medicinae, Physiology — p. Obscwna, Genital
organs — p. Petrosa, see Temporal Bone — p. Prima
asperaj arteria^, Larynx — p. Pyramidalis ossis
temporis, see Temporal Bone — p. Squamosa, see
Temporal Bone — p. Urethras membranacea, see
Urethra — p. Vaga, Pneumogastric — p. Virilis,
Penis.
PARSLEY, COMMON, Apium petroselinum—
p. Fool's, ^thusa cynapium — p. Macedonian,
Bubon Macedonioum — p. Mountain, black, Atha-
manta aureoselinum — p. Poison. Conium macu-
latum — p. Spotted, Conium maculatum — p. Wa-
ter, Cicuta maculata.
PARSNEP, COW, Heracleum spondylium,
Heracleum lanatum — p. Crow, Leontodon tarax-
acum— p. Garden, Pastinaca sativa — p. Meadow,
Thaspium Barbinode — p. Water, common, Slum
latifolium.
PART, see Parturition — p. Legitime et ille-
gitime, see Parturition.
PARTES GENERATION! INSERVIEN-
TES, Genital organs — p. Genitales, Genital or-
gans— -p. Laterales nasi, Scapulae nasi — p. Ner-
vosae, see Nerve — p. Obscceuifi, Genital organs.
PARTHENEIA, Virginity.
PARTHENIUM FEBRIFUGUM, Matricaria
— p. Mas, Tanaeetum.
PARTHEN'IUS (Jforbnn); from naodevoi, 'a
virgin.' A disease in a young female. Also,
chlorosis.
PARTHENOGEN'ESIS, 'virgin birth :' from
rapdcvos. 'a virgin,' and yeveac^, 'generation.'
The successive production of procreating indi-
viduals from a single ovum, without any renewal
of fertilization. — Owen.
PARTHENOL'OGY, Parthenolof'ia, from
T:audivtia, 'virginity,' and ^oyo^, 'a dosoripfion.'
A description or consideration of the state uf vir-
ginity in health or disease.
PARTJIENUS, Virgin.
PARTIALIS, Local.
PARTICLES, PRIMITIVE, OF MUSCLES,
Sarcous Elements.
PARTICULiE SANGUINIS, Globules of the
blood.
PARTIES, LES, Genital organs—;). Orni-
talcs. Genital organs — p. IIo)iteiiHen, Genital or-
gans— ;). Geiiitoirea, Genital organs — p. Nitlii-
relles, Genital organs — p. Nahlcii, Genital organs
— 7). SexiieUen, Genital organs.
PARTIO, Parturition.
PARTRIDGE-BERRY, Gaultheria, Mitcliella
repens.
PARTS, THE, Genital organs.
PARTURA, Parturition.
PARTU'RIENT. I'artn'rienn, from pnrtin-iro,
partiiritiiDi, itself from parei-e, ' to bring forth.'
Bringing forth, or about to bring forth, or having
recently brought forth young.
The Parturient, Piier'peroiin, Childbed or Ly-
iiig-in or Lyiiirf-down state, Coiijiiieiiiriil, Piicrpe'-
riiiiii, generally comprises the period from partu-
rition to perfect recovery, which is usually a
month. In the north of England this is called
the stetf-wonth, requires careful management, and
is subject to various diseases.
A Partn'rieiit or Partiirifa'cient is a medicine
which induces or promotes labour; as ergot, and,
perhaps borate of soda. See Abortive.
PARTURIFACIENT, Parturient.
PARTURIGO. Parturition.
PARTURIT"ION, Puerpe'rium, Partus, Par.
tio, J'artiirit"io, Parttiri'ijo, Purtn'rii, Tocos,
To'cetns, Texis, Lochi'n, Apocye'sis, Mmeii'sis,
3[aien'sia, Nego'tiiim seu Aftus partnritio'iiis,
Eiiix'iis seu Enix'io seu Expid'sio fa-ttis, ApoV-
ysis. Status partiirieii'di, Delir'ert/, Labour, Cliild-
'bearing. Child-birth, Birth, Trav'ail, {Su.) Child-
ill, Crying, Crying out, (F.) Aceouchemeut, Couche,
Travail d' Eiifaut, Enfauteruent. Same etymon as
Parturient. The act of delivery of the feetus and
its appendages, also the state during and iuimc-
diately after delivery — Childbed, (Sc.j Gizzen-
bed, Gizzen, see Parturient. Labour is the ne-
cessary consequence of conception, pregnaniy,
and the completion of gestation. It does n(it
take place, at the full time, until after nine months
of utero-gestation, — the causes producing it being
the contraction of the uterus and abdominal
muscles. By different authors, the stages of
labour have been variously divided. We may,
perhaps, admit of four. The first stage comprises
the precursory signs. One, two, or three days
before labour, a mucous discharge, streaked with
blood, takes place from the vagina, which is
called the Signum, Leucorrhve'a Nabo'llii, Ilamor-
rhag"ia Nahothi, Labour-show, or ShouT ; and,
along with this, trifling grinding pains, called by
the French 3Iouches, are felt in the loins and ab-
domen. Second stage: — Peculiar pains, which
extend from the lumbar regicm towards the
uterus ; tension and dilatation of the neck and
orifice of that organ ; protrusion into the vagina
of the envelopes of the foetus, forming the hag of
waters, (F.) Poche des eaux ; and rupture or
breaking of the waters. Third stage : — Contrac-
tions of the uterus and abdominal muscles;
forcing pains; the hea<l of the foetus becomes en-
gaged in the pelvis : the occiput being commonly
situate above the left acetabulum, passes beneath
the arch of the pubis. Fourth stage: — the head
now presents at the vulva, the perineum being
rARTURlTION
683
PARTURITION
conp'ulerably distended ; at length it clears the
externiil part.", and the rest of the body is easily
di^enj^aged. The child still continues attached to
the mother by the umbilical cord, which has to
be divided. In the course of tifteen or twenty
minutes, triflin" pains occur, and the secundines
are expelled. This completes delivery — the birth,
(F.) Naimiaiice of the child. In by far the
innjority of cases, the head is the presentinj; part,
the occiput directed anteriorly, and the face pos-
teriorly. Of 12,6:53 chililren, born at the Hos-
pital L(i 31<ilentlle, in Paris, from the 10th of
December, 1797, to the 31st of July, 1806, the
following were the presentations :
The head, with the face posteriorly... 12,120
The head anteriorly 63
The breech 198
The feet 147
The knees 3
Other positions 102
12,033
The following table, drawn up from data fur-
nished by Velpeau, gives an approximate view
of the comparative number of presentations, ac-
cording to the experience of the individuals men-
tioned :
TABLE, EXHIBITING THE RATIO OF PRESENTATIONS IN 1000 CASES.
Ilcirular or of the vertex....
I. Occipito-aritrrior
a. Occipito-cotyloid (left)...,
Do. (right)
b. Occipito puliian
II. Occipil'i-piixtf.rinr
a. Fronto-rotyloid (left)
l>. Do. (rij^ht) .
Face presentation...
Men to-iliac (riglit)
Of the pelvis
Of tlie foot
Of tlic knees
Of the breech
Of ttie trunk
Kecjulring Forceps
" Turning
" Cephalotomy
ACCORDING TO
Merri-
Madame
Hospital
Bland.
lioivin.
Lacha-
pelle.
Nagele.
Lovati.
of Ihe
Faculte.
Boer.
92-1
944
9fi9
933
933
911
980
908
944
TOO
179
029
9-4
5-3
4-4
910
717
209
9
7-3
2'9
895
637
22
2-6
36
4-6
2-6
8-8
30
28
29
36
47
29
12-7
9-4
019
14
0.40
10-3
23
13
IS
4-6
22
6-3
4-8
19
G-6
4-7
4-6
3-4
36
5-7
16
4-7
7-8
7-2
5-9
3-3
5-2
4-77
0-53
2-4
1-5
Labour has received different names, according
to the period of pregnancy at which it occurs, and
the mode in which it takes place. It is called
mhear't-iiiye or ahni-'tinn, prior to the seventh
month; prem'ature labour, Omotoc'in, Partus pre-
cox seu prmnHitu'ruD, between this and eight
months and a half; and labour at the full period,
(F.) Aecoiiehemeitt d teriiie, when it happens at
the end of nine months. Labours have likewise
been variously divided by different authors. Per-
haps the one into Nat'uml, J'reteniat'iirai, and
Labo'rioiin, is as common as any; — natiinil La-
bour meaning that wljich would occur without
manual assistance ; preleriiaturaf, requiring the
assistance of art, but by the hand solely: and
luborioiis or iiiHtrumen'tal, requiring instrumental
assistance; which M. Capuron calls Aeeoiicliemeiit
Ilechaiiiqiie. Powerless labour, the luertie jiar
epKiiement of Madame Lachapelle, is that in
which the muscular powers from exhaustion are
unable to accomplish such delivery. '
Forced labour or parturition, (F.) Aecottche-
vieiit ou Avortenieiit provoque. is labour or abortion,
induced by art. When labour is accompanied
with other phenomena of a deranging character,
it is said to be coiiip/icated. When the child, even
when reduced in size, cannot pass, it is termed
imprac'ticable, &c. See Dystocia.
The French use the term Part, Partus, at
times, synonymously with delivery ; at others,
with fa'lus, Jiaicn'ma, Maeii'ma. Suppression
dc part means concealment of delivery: Part
le(/iiinie, a foetus which comes into the world with
the con lition necessary for its enjoying advan-
tages granted by law; and Part illeyitime, one
that does not fall under those conditions.
TABLE OF THE COURSE AND M.-VNAGEMENT OF DIFFERENT KINDS OP
LABOURS.
I. Natdbal Labours.
nr.\I) PnEStNTINO.
(Fhur rusilions.)
Occiput Imvards the Left
AcelahiUum.
Occiput tmcards the Sight
Acetabulum.
3. Occiput tnwardsthe Sight
Sacro-Uiac Symphysis.
4. Occiput towards the Left
Sacro-iliac Symphysis.
Or those in ichich Delivery can be effected ipithout Assistance.
The head with the chin bent upon the breast clears the
brim of the pelvis. .Motion of rotation produced by the
inclined planes of the pelvis: the occipital protuberance
is carried behind the .symphysis pubis, and the face
towards the liollow of the .sacrum.
The head attains the outlet: clears it; the occiput being
first disengaged, and the face afterwards, which passes
successively along the whole of the hollow of the
sacrum. The shoulders enter the brim diagonally;
and execute the movement of rotation. The one be-
hind first clears the outlet. The same thing occurs
with the nates.
The same course is here followed : except that after the
rotary movement, the face passes behind the symphysis
pubis, and the occiput into the hollow of the s.icrum.
The occiput is first extruded : — the face next.
fflien the chin presents and is turned forwards, the
face is first expelled : the head is thrown backwards.
This presentation is uncommon. If the chin present
and be thrown backwards, natural delivery cannot be
elTected.
PARTURITION
684
PARTURITION
Natural Labours. — Continued.
Lower Extremi-
ty Presenting
(i^)!(r Positions of <
the Feel. Knees,
and Braxh.)
1. Heel. Tibt'a, nr Sacrum to-
wards tiieleft Acetabulum.
2. Ileel. Tibia, nr Sacrum to-
wards the Right Acetabur
lum.
3. Heel, Tibia, nr Sacrrum to-
wards Oie Right Sacro-
iliac Symphysis.
4. Ilee], tibia, or Sacrum to-
wards the Left Sacro-iliac
Symphysis.
The nates outer the brim <lii\';onally: moToment of rota-
tion: the one passes lieliiiiil the syin)ihv.-is puhis; the
otlier towards the liollow of the sacrum. The one be-
hind is lirst extruded.
The same thinj; liappeus to the shoulder.s. The cliin is
bent upon the chest to clear the liriui : movement of
rotation : the occiput passes behind the symphjsia
puliis. and the face towards the liollow of tlie sacrum.
The face clears the outlet first; the occiput last.
The same projrress, except that after the movement of
rotation, the face is towards the pubis, and the occiput
towards the sacrum. The face is here aguiu delivered
first.
I. Presentation of tre
Head, Upper E.xtremi-
TiES, Back, Abdomen,
&c.
II. Preternatural Labours,
Or those which require Manual Aisiiitance only.
1. When the labour is without any serious complication, and the head is not
in a good position at the brim of the pelvis, endeavours are to be made to
place it in its natural position: the hand to be introduced with the fingers
united, and the long diameter of the head to be placed diagonally in the
brim, if possible. Or the lever may be fixed over the occiput, and. by draw-
ing it down, a closer approximation of the chin and chest may be effected;
the position of the head to the pelvis being at the same time attended to.
2. If complicated with syncope, convulsions, hemorrhage, want of uterine
action, &c., the feet must bo laid hold of. and the child turned. For this
purpose, empty tho rectum and bladder; and turn, if possible, prior to the
escape of the liquor amnii. The female may be placed on her back or left
side, with the breech over the edge of the bed. Use the right or left hand,
according as the feet of the child are to the right or left side of the pelvis;
always so introducing the hand, that the child shall be in its palm, and the
back of the hand opposed to the inner surface of the uterus. The hand and
arm to be introduced during an interval of pain: and they must be flattened
and tr<>nquil whilst the uterus is contracting forcibly. If both feet cannot
be readily brought down, seize one, and tie a fillet around it.
3. If the toes point to the vertebral column, or to the abdomen of the mother,
the head, in its descent, will not enter the pelvis: the chin and occiput will
l)e hitched on the pubis and promontory of the sacrum. In such case, grasp
the nates as soon as they have passed the os externum; and, during a pain,
endeavour to direct the toivs towards either sacro-iliacsynchondrosis. When
the fingers can be passed along the body of the child, and over the shoulders
to the bend of the elbows, draw down the arms successively. When the body
is expelled, and the heail filling up tho brim, the termination of lalxiur must
I be accelerated by passing two fingers over the shoulder of the child; using
I moderate and steady extracting power, whilst one finger of the other hand,
pas.sed into the mouth, depresses the chin on the sternum. In this way, the
l_ head may be extracted.
General Observations.
1. Short Forceps.
2. Long Forceps .
3. Leuer or Vectia .
4. Fillet and Blunt Iloolc .
III. Instrumental Labours,
Or those requiring the Assistance of appro2>riate Instruments.
f If the pains become feeble, or inadequate from any cause; — or if the presenting
part be firmly wedged in the pelvis; or the woman be becoming exhausted,
instrumental assistance may be required. In all such cases, place the female
on the back or left side, empty the bladder and rectum ; wait till the ns uteri
is in a fit state; afford assistance during the pains; introduce the instrument
during the intervals between the pains: have the patient on her left side
(generally); and extract according to the axes of brim and outlet, as the case
may be.
Apply these to the sides of the head of the child, so that the ears and parietal
protuberances may be within the fenestra?. Introduce the left-hand blade
first: the index and middle fingers of the right hand guiding it to the ear.
With the right hand pass the other in an op|iosite line, corresponding with
the course of the first blade, guided by the fore and middle fingers of the left
hand; the third and little fingers being employed to retain the left-hand bifidc
in place: humour the instrument so as to allow the blades to lock. The
handles may now be tied gently together. The^orce used must be from blade
to blade, with a gentle, tractile effort.
Applicable where the head does not enter the brim. The long forceps must be
applied, in most cases, over the occiput and face of the child, so that the
convex edges of the blades may be towards the hollow of the sacrum.
When u.sed, the power may be exerted from side to side, with moderate
tra<'tion.
( The lever is applicable to the same cases as the forcep.s. It must not lie used
-< strictl}' ,as a lever, but as a hook with which to draw downwards. It may be
( applied to any part of the head, but is generally hitched on the occiput.
In certain cases of breech and knee presentation, where the hand is insufficient,
it may be necessary to pass over the joint a fillet, or the blunt hook, with
which to exert some force of traction. The operation is very simple.
PARTURITION, DRY
685
PASSIVE
Embrtulcia .
Stmphysotomt and
SAREAN Section.
C^-
Sei'aration op the Head
of tfib f(etu3 from the
Body.
Indcction
Labour.
OP Premature
Instrumental Labours. — Continued.
Disproportionate size of head, or distorted or deformed pelvis, may require the
child to be destroyed, and its bulk lest-ened; or IheCwsarcan section or sym-
physotomy, or the induction of premature labour may be called for.
The instruments required here, are the I'arfuraUir. Crnldiet. and Crunintnmy
Forceps. Make a steady pressure on the aodomen; pass two finpcrs of the
left hand up to the head: feel lor a suture or fontaiicUe; introduce the per-
forator and bore throu(;h, until theprO(;ress of the instrunitat is arrested by
its s/i'itildcrs. Open the handles, and turn the instrument in different direc-
tions, so that the opening may be large enough to admit the perforator, with
I which the brain must be broken down.
If, after this, delivery cannot be accomplished without further aid, pass up the
craniotomy forceps; open ihe handles slis:htly, and introduc* the blade
without teeth within the cranium. On closinj; the forceps, a hold is obtained ;
and a tractile force can now be exerted during the pains, and tlie extrusion
of the child be effected.
Should great difficulty exist at the brim, the bones at the top of the head may
have to be removed, until the base alone remains. The chin must then be
brought through first.
The crotchet is often used instead of the craniotomy forceps, being passed into
the otiening made by the perforator, and hooked upon some bony projection
in the interior of the skull ; but it is not a good instrument. In presentations
of the face demanding perforation of the cranium, the perforator should be
introduced just above the nose, in the .sagittal suture.
When it is neces.sary to open the head after the lower extremities have been
l_ expelled, the perforation must l>e made behind the ear.
( In cases of great narrowness of the pelvis, the operation of Symphijxotomy has
i been adopted by French practitioners, — rarely by British or American ; and,
(^ in extreme cases, recourse has been had to the Opsarean SectUm.
If the body of the foetus has been forcibly separated, aud the head left in the
uterus, it must be laid hold of with one hand, and the forceps be applied ; or
the head be opened and delivered, as under emhryulcia. Should the head
have been brought away, and the body left behind, the feet must be brought
down.
" In cases of narrowness of the pelvis, where the fjetus, at the full term, cannot
be born alive, delivery may be brought about at an earlier period, or as soon
as the child is capaljle of carrying on its functions independently of the
motlier.
The most advisable plan for accomplishing Uiis object is merely to pass the
i finger round and round within the os and cervix uteri, so as to detach the
decidua; — the membranes lieing thus left entire, and the life of the child not
so much endangered, as where the membranes are punctured, and the waters
[ evacuated. Parturition usually follows within forty-eight hours.
The laying of oggs by animals is termed, in
French, paife. The term has been applied to the
periodical discharge — poiile periodiqne. — of ova,
(F.) Chute (leu (Enfx, which is supposed to take
place from the ovaries at each meitstrual period.
PARTURITIOX, DRY. partus siccus.
PARTURIUM VANUM, Fnnxse couche.
PARTUS, Parturition — p. Abactio, Abortion
— p. Abactus, Abortion — p. Ciesareus, Cesarean
section — p. DifRcilis, Dystocia — p. Laboriosus,
Dystocia, Laborious labour — p. Prpecox, Partu-
rition (premature) — p. Pra3maturus, Parturition
(premature) — p. Serotinus, Opsiotocia.
Partus Siccus, Bry liib<»ir or parturition.
Labour, which is neither preceded nor attended
by a discharge of the liquor amnii.
PARU'LIS, from para, and ov\ov, 'the gum.'
ApoKte'ma pnriilis seu pnroidix, Fhleg'mnue Pn-
r.tlis, Gum Boil, Alve'olnr abscein. Small ab-
scesses are so called which generally form in the
alveoli and involve the gums, soniotimes with-
out any known cause, but which often depend
upon carious teeth.
PARU'RIA, from pnra, and ovpeui, 'I pa.ss
urine.' Morbid secretion or discharge of urine.^
Pariikia Incontinrxs, Enuresis — p. Tnconti-
nens aquosa, see Diabetes — p. Inops, Ischuria,
false — p. Mellita. Diabetes — p. Retentionis, Is-
churia— p. Retentionis renalis, Ischuria — p. Re-
tentionis vesicalis, Retention of urine — p. Stil-
latitia, Strangury — p. Stillatitia mucosa, Cystir-
rhoea.
PARVITAS MORBOSA PARTIUM OR-
GANirARUM. Microtesia.
PAR'YtiRON, from pnni. and 'vypoi, 'humid.'
A liquid or moist preparation for allaying topical
inflammation.
PAS D'AXE, Tussilngo.
P\SMA. Catapasina.
PaSQI'K FLOWER, Anemone Pulsatilla.
PASSA, Paronychia.
PASS^ CORINTHIAC^, see Vitis Corin-
thiaca.
PASSAGES, DIGESTIVE, Ways, digestive
— p. Second, Ways, second.
PASSAMBIO.Rio vinaigro.
PASSE-PIERRE, Crithmum maritimum.
PASSEHAGE, Iberis amara — p. Saitvaye, Car-
damine pratensis.
PASSIHILITY, GREAT. Ilvpcrfesthesis.
PASSIFLO'RA LAURIFO'LIA, D<ni-lenverl
PitxsioH Flower. Orel. Passifioreiie. A native
of Surinam. The fruit has a delicious smell and
flavour, and quenches thirst, abates heat of the
stomach, increases the appetite, Ac.
Passifi.ora Mai.ikor'mis, Apple-shnped Gm-
nadil'lu. The fruit of this species is esteemed a
delicacy in the West Indies, where it is served
up at table in desserts.
Some of the genus are said to possess narcotic
and emetic properties.
P.VSSIO, Disease, Passion — p. j^moptoiea,
Huemoptysis — p. Cadiva, Epilepsy — p. Cardiaca,
Cardialgia — p. Coeliaca, Creliac flu.x — p. Chole-
rica, Cholera — p. Felliflua. Cholera — p. IIiBinop-
toica. Haemoptysis — p. Ilypochondriaca, Hypo-
chondriasis— p. Hysterica, Hysteria — p. Iliaca,
Ileus — p. Ischiadic.i, Neuralgia femoro-poplitaja
— p. Ple'uritica, Pleuritis — p. Stomachica, Dys-
pepsia— p. Ventriculosa, Coeliac flux — p. Vomi-
coflna. Phthisis pulinonalis.
PASSION, Pos'sio, Au'imi Pathe'ma, Affec'tint,
Eino'tio, from p<itiiir, pnxxiis, 'to suffer.' An active
affection or emotion of the mind ; as rage, ter-
ror, love, hatred, Ac.
Passion Flowkr, Bay-leaved, Passifloralau-
rifolia— ;>. Hi/nteriipie, Hysteria— p. Iliac, Ileus.
PASSIONES ANIMI,' Affections of the mind.
PASSIVE, Panni'viis. Same etymon as Pas-
sion. An epithet for diseases which seem owing
PASSUL.E MAJORES
6 8 0
TATELL A
to a greater or less diininution of the strength,
or which are without apparent reaction. Thus,
passive hemorrhages are such as supervene in
debil'tated individuals, or under conditions in
whicli increased action of the arteries can scarcely
he presumed. The term pa^nive has, also, been
given to aneurisms of the heart with extenuation
of the parietes ; in opposition to ac^('«e aneurisms,
with thickness of the parietes — hypertrophy.
PASSUL^ AIAJORES, see Vitis vinifera —
p. Minores, see Vitis Corinthiaca.
PASSULA'TUM, {Uva panna, 'raisins, dried
grapes.') A medicine in which the pulp of raisins
is a cliief ingredient.
PASSY, MINERAL WATERS OF. This vil-
lage is in the vicinity of Paris There are seve-
ral springs, containing sulphates of lime, iron,
and magnesia, alum, common salt, carbonate of
iron, carbonic acid, <fec. They are employed as
a tonic and astringent.
PASTA DE ALTH^A, Paste, marshmallow
— p. Amygdalina, Confection (almond) — p. de
Dactylis, Paste, date — p. Emulsiva, Confection
(almond) — p. de Jujubis, Paste of jujubes — p.
Regia, Confection (almond).
Pasta GLYCYRUHi'ZyE Gumma'ta et Anisa'ta
seu Mussn de extractn gljjcyrrhi'zw. A compound
of extract of liquorice, (/iim Senegtil, Kiitjar, Flo-
rence orria-root, and volatile oil of aniseed. De-
mulcent.
Pasta Zinci Chlo'ridi, (F.) Pdte de Canqnoin,
Paste of Chloride of Zitic, Canqtmiu's Caustic
Paste. This paste is made of three strengths,
consisting, respectively, of chloride of ziiw, 1
part; joAeaieu //ok?-, parts 4, .3 and 2 ; water suffi-
cient to make a paste. This caustic destroys the
part in a direct ratio with the thickness of the
laj'er applied.
PASTE, Pasta, (F.) Pale. A viscid, tenacious
mixture. Also, a compound medicine, like the
pastil, but less consistent, flexible, less saccha-
rine, and more mucilaginous.
A convenient paste for attaching labels to glass,
or for other services, is made of (jnni tragacaiith
and loater.to which aluni is added. This the author
always keeps by him. Another form is to make a
solution of Gum Arabic, ^j, hoiliuii water, f,^ij,
and glycerin, f^ij ; and another is made by tqixing
powdered Gum Arahir, axuX powdered trayacauth,
of each ^S9, water, f^iss, acetic acid. TTLxx.
Pastb, Cagliari, see Turuiidse Italicae.
Paste op Chloride op Zinc, Pasta Zinci
chloridi.
Pastu, Date, Jfassa seu Pasta de dac'tylis.
Composed of dates, sugar, gum Arabic, water, and
orinige-Jlotcer icater. — Ph. P. Demulcent.
Paste of Iceland Moss, Pasta Liche'nis, (P.)
Pdte de lichen. A paste made by boiling lichen
Islandicus to a proper consistence, and adding
gum Arabic and sugar.
The Pdte de Lichen opiacee contains opium in
addition ; about Jd of a grain to an ounce.
Paste, Italian, see Turundae Italiese.
Paste op Ju'jubes, Pasta de ju'jubis, Maasa.
de zlzyphii'ruui fructil, (F.) Pdledc Jujube. Com-
posed <)f Jujubes, gum Senegal, sugar, water, and
tinrliire of lemon-])eel. Demulcent.
Paste, Marshmal'i.ow, Massa de gummi
Arah'tco, Pasta de altha'd, (F.) Pdte de Gui-
viinive. A compound oi gum Arabic, sugar, white
"f ^'.I'.h '^^^ orange-jUnoer water. — Ph. P. It is
demulcent.
Paste, Tooth, Dentifricium — p. Vienna, see
Powder, Vienna — p. AA'ard's, Confectio piperis
nigri.
PASTEL, Isatis tinctoria.
PASTEQUE, Cucurbita citrullu.s.
PASTIL, Puetil'lua, Diocres, Avic'ula Cip'ria,
Cande'la fuma'lis, Phthois, Phlhois'rus. A com-
pound of aromatic substances in various shapes;
used as a fumigating material when set fire to.
See Fumigation.
The French use the term Pastille, (L.) Pastil-
lus, for a solid, dry, round, oblong, scpnire, or
triangular compound, whose base is essential oil,
and sugar the excipient. These jiastillcs are in
fact small lozenges, and only differ from the
tablette in their smaller size. They are termed,
also, Sacchuroles sol ides.
PASTILLE, see Pastel.
PASTILLES DIGESTIVES P'llAUTE-
ItlYE-V ICH Y, see Trochisci Sodae bicarboiiatis
— p. Fumigating, see Fumigation — i). de Vichy,
see Troeiiisci Soihc bicarbonatis.
PASTILLI DIGESTIVI DARCETII, see
Trochisci Soda; bicarbonatis — p. Emetinte Pcu-
torales, Trochisci emetina; pectorales.
Pastil'i.i de Mentha Piperi'ta, Peppermint
drops. (Sacch. alb., aqucP. Mentha pip., aq. dea-
stillat.i\a.'^\i. Boil to the consistence of an eleo-
tuary. Take of fine white sugar in powder, ^^iv;
volatile oil of peppermint, ^»s. Mix, and add
the electuary whilst warm. Drop it then on
marble, and dry the drops. — Ph. P.)
PASTILLUS, Pastil.
PASTINACA ALTISSIMA, P. opopona.x— p.
Anethum, Anethum gravecdens — p. (Jraveolens,
Ancthum graveolens — p. Opaca, P. sativa.
Pastina'ca Opop'anax. Ord. Umbelliferae.
The name of the plant which furnishes the Opn-
panax. The plant, whence the gum resin is ob-
tained, has, also, been called Fer'ula opoji'onax
seu upop'onax, Pastina'ca altiss'ima, Laserpit'-
ium sen Seli'num chiro'nium, Opnpana'cum. Pa-
nax heracle'um seu costi'inim, Pastina'cca, Kyiia,
Ilercuhs-all-heal, Opop'anaxwort.
Opopana.r, Opopana'cis gummi-resi'na, Gezir,
Pop'anax, Gummi Pana'eis, exudes from the roots
when wounded. Its odour is strong and j)efu-
liar; taste, bitter and acrid. It is met with in
the shops, in lumps of a reddish-yellow colour,
without; white withi;i. It has been recoinineiid-
ed as an antispasmodic and emmenagoguc; but
is seldom used. Dose, gr. x. to Qjj i" powder.
Pastinaca Pratrnsis. p. sativa.
Pastina'ca Sati'va, Elaphobos'cum, Pastinaca
sylves'tria seu op>a' ca seu praten'sis, Aue'lhum
seu Seli'num pastina'ca, Ban'ica, Garden pars-
nep, (F.) Pauais, The root is sweet and nutri-
tious, and is in esteem as an article of food. It
has been used as a diuretic and demulcent in cal-
culous affections, &e.
Pastinac.'V. Sylvestris, P. sativa — p. Sylves-
tris tenuifolia officinarum, Daucus carota.
PATATE, Convolvulus batatas.
PATCHOULI, Pogostemon patchouli.
PATE, Paste — p. Arsenicale, Arsenical past«
— ji. de Canqnoin, Pasta Zinci chloridi — p. Caiia-
tiquede Vienne, Powder, Vienna — p.de Guimaiive,
Paste, marshmallow — p. de Jujube, Paste of
Jujubes.
PATEL'LA. Rot'ula, R. genu, Epigon'atis,Epi-
gon'tis, Acromy'le, Epigou'nis seu Epigu'nis seu
Epigo'nis, Mola seu Concha seu Oc'ulus seu Orbia
seu Scutum genu, Os scutifor'me seu disriforvie
seu thyreoVdea, Supergenua'lis, Caucaliii'des, My'-
lacria, llyle, Ganiba, Olcc'ranon moh'ile, (Prov.)
Cop hone, (F.) Kiitulc. Diminutive of patera,
' a boil,' so called from its shape. A sort of sesa-
moid, flat, short, thick, rounded bone, situate in
front of the knee, and enveloped in the substance
of the tendon commcm to the extensor muscles
of the leg. The posterior surface of the jiatella
is divided into two facettea, united angularly,
which are encrusted with cartilage, and each of
which is articulated with one of the condyles of
PATENCY OF THE FORAMEN OVALE G87
PAVILION
the femur. The patella is developed by a single
point of ossifioation. When the patella is frac-
tured, it i.x diffifult to produce bony union. This
can only be !iccoui|)lished hy keeping the frac-
tured extremities closely in apposition.
Patki.la, Cup — p. Fixa, Olecranon.
PATENCY OF THE FORAMEN OVALE,
see C^'aiiopathy.
PATENT .MED'ICINE, Medechie brevetee ou
patentee, liemede bi-eveti ou pateiiti. A medici-
nal compound, for the sale of which the proposer
obtains from government an exclusive privilege.
A specification of his invention must be registered
in the Patent Office, and, hence, it differs from
a secret medicine.
PATKR OMNIUM VIVENTIUM, Penis.
PATKRA DIOGENIS, Palm.
PATKUX, Clammy.
PATH KM A, Affection, Disease.
PATHEMATOLOGY, Pathology.
PATIIET'IC, Pathct'icnx, from ff«9£a), T feel.'
That which moves the passions. A name given
to the superi<ir oblique muscle of the eye, and,
also, to a nerve.
Pathktr: Muscle, Oblique superior of the eye.
Pathetic Nkkvk, Nemns Pathet'icw seu tio-
chlea'ris seu troclilciito'rins seu troch/eri'tor, the
4lli p'lir of nerven. Par tjiiiirtum, (F.) 0<:nh>-miiR-
vnlitire interne (Ch.), Nerf pathetique, is the
smallest encephalic nerve. It arises behind the
inferior part of the tubercula quadrigemina {tenten)
nt the lateral parts of the valvula Vieusscnii. Its
roots unite into one thin round cord, which makes
a turn upon the peduncles of the brain, and passes
into a canal of the dura mater, near the posterior
clinoid process. It enters the orbit by the broad-
est parts of the sphenoidal fissure, and terminates
in the superior oblique muscle of the eye, by divi-
ding into several filaments,
PATIIETIS.M, Magnetism, animal.
PATllIC, Morbid.
PATIIICAL, Morbid.
PATH reus. Morbid.
PATIIXE, Alveolus.
PATHOGENET'IC, Pnthogenet'icus. Pathn-
gen'icMn. Same etymon as Pathogenj'. Relating
to pathogeny.
Pathogenetic PHYSiOLOor, Phi/8iol<>g"ia pa-
thngenet'icn. That part of physiology which re-
lates to the origin of disease.
PATHOGENICUS, Pathogenetic.
PATIIOG"ENY, Pfxthogen'in, NoHngen'eitin,
Nosmjen'id, from iraSo?, 'a disease,' and yti-ttrij,
'generation.' The branch of pathology which
relates to the generation, production and develop-
ment of disease.
PATIIOGNOMON'IC, Pnthognomon'iciis, Sig-
viim can jnnc' turn seu charticteriK'ticnm seu morbi
ennentiit le ; from jraSof, ' an affection,' and yi-
vuffifu, ' I know.' A characteristic symptom of a
disease.
PATHOG'RAPHY, Pathofimph'in, from irn-
5o{, 'disease,' and ypaifiia, 'I describe.' A de-
scription of disease.
PATllOLOGIA, Pathology — p. Ilumoralis,
Iluniorism — p. Solidaris. Solidism.
PATIIOLO(}"ICAL, Pothuh,fj"ic„s, Pathol'o-
</"», (F.) Pnifio/of/ifjiie. Same etymon as pa-
thidogy. Relating to pathology. Often used in
the sense of pathical.
PvTiioi.ooioAt, Anatomy, see Anatomy.
PATHOli'OfxIST. Pathol'oijus. Same etymon.
One versed in pathology.
PATHOL'OtJY, Patliemntol'ogi/. Patho7o(f"ia,
Pnlln>ui'ili,/(it/"ia, P<ttliti!oi/"ice, from rta^o;, 'a
disease," and Awyof, 'a discourse.' The branch
of medicine whose object is the knowledge of dis-
ease. It has been defined dine'tsed p^iyiiolof/i/,
and pliysiolorpj of disease. It is divided into ge-
nerul and special. The Jirst considers diseases
in common; — the second, the particular history
of each. It is subdivided into internal and ex-
ternal, or medic(d. and surgical.
Pathology, Humoral, Humorism.
PATHOMA'NIA, Parapathi'a, Moral Tnsa-
nity, from -na^oi, 'a disease,' and mania. Mania
sine Delir'io. A morbid perversion of the natu-
ral feelings, affections, inclinations, temper, ha-
bits, moral disposition, and natural impulses,
without any remarkable disorder or defect of the
intellect, or knowing and reiisoning faculties, and
particularly without any insanity or halluci-
nation.
PATHOMYOTOM'IA; from mdoi, 'affection,'
piVi or nviav, 'muscle,' and Touri, 'incision.' The
title of a work by Dr. John Bulwer (1649), being
"a dissection of the significative muscles of the
affections of the mind."
PATHOPATRIDALGIA, Nostalgia.
PATHOS, Affection, Disease.
PATIENCE, Rumex patientia — p. d'Eaii,
Rumex hydrolopathum — p. Garden, Rumex pa-
tientia— p. Range, Rumex sanguineus — p. Sau-
vai/e, Rumex acutus.
PATIENT, see Sick.
PATIENT OF DEATH, Agony.
PATIENTIA, Ruinex patientia.
PATIENTI^E MUSCULUS, Levator scapulae.
PATNE, Alvt-olus.
PATOPATRIDALGIA, Nostalgia.
PATOR NA'RIUM. The cavity or the open-
ing of the nostrils.
PATRATIO, Ejaculation, (of sperm.)
PATRINIA JATAMANSI, Nardus Indica,
PATTE D'OIE (F.), 'Goose's foot.' An apo-
neurotic expansion, which covers the internal
surface of the tibia at its upper part, and consists
of the expansion formed by the tendons of the
sartorius, gracilis, and semi-tendinosus muscles.
PATURSA, Syphilis.
PAU, (CLIMATE OF.) Pau is the capital of
the department of the Lower Pyrenees, and is
about 150 miles from Bordeaux, and 60 from
Bayonne. The climate corresponds with that of
the south-west of France generally; its great
qualitj' is the comparative mildness of its spring,
and exemption from cold winds. It is regarded
as a favourable winter residence for invalids la-
bouring under chronic affections of the mucous
membranes. It is too changeable for the con-
sumptive; and to be avoided by the rheumatic.
PAULLIN'IA. This is an extract from a plant
of the same name in Brazil. It is prepared by
the Indians, and appears to possess e.xcitant
powers. In Brazil, and the neighbouring coun-
tries, it is given in the form of tisane — the pow-
der being mixed with cocoa — in diarrhoea and
dysentery. It has been employed also as a tonic.
An extract is prepared in Brazil from Ponllinia
sor'bilis, Ord. Sapindaeese, known there under
! the name of Gnnmna, which is administered in
similar pathological cases.
PAUME DE LA MAIN, Palm.
PAUNCH, Ingluvies.
PAUONTA, Sedatives.
PAUPIERE, Palpebra.
PAUSIMF/NIA, from rrauirif, 'cessation,' and
urtvci. 'menses.' Cessation of the menses.
PAVANA WOOD. Croton tisriium.
PA VANNE, Laurus sassafras.
PAVIL'ION. The French give the name pa-
vilion, to the expanded extremity of a canal or
cavity.— for example, of a catheter, sound, &c.
Pavilion of the Eah, Auric'ula, Pinna,
O'tium, Ala, (F.) Aitricnle ou Orirnle, Pnrillon
de I'oreille, is seated behind the cheeks, beneath
PAYILLOX DE L'OREILLE G88
PECTORALIS INTERNUS
the temple, and antoiior to the mastoid process.
Its size varies in individuals. It is free above,
behind, and below. Anteriorly and within, it is
continuous with the neighbouring parts. Its
outer surface has several prominences, the Ihlix,
Aiitliclix, Tin<jiiA, Aiititragiis, and Lnhe ; and se-
veral cavities — the groove of the Helix, the /osia
imvicitlan'a scu scapho'idefi, and the Conchn. The
skin which covers the pavilion is very fine, and
studded with a number of sebaceous follicles.
The auricle is fixed to the head by three fibro-
areolar ligaments; — a superior, anterior, and
posterior.
PAVILION DE L'OREILLE, Pavilion of
the ear — j). de la Trompe, see Tuba Fallopiana.
PAVIMENTUM CEREBRI, Base of the
brain.
PAVINA, .ffisculus hippocastanum.
PAVITA'TIO, Tremor ; from piivitare, part-
tntiim, ' to tremble from fear.' Trembling from
fright.
PAVOPIIOBIA, Panophohia.
PAYOR (L.), Dread. Great fright. Pano-
phohia.
Pavo'res Noctur'ni seu Doumien'tium. Fear
during sleep.
PA VO T, Papaver.
PAW, Miinus.
PAWPAW, see Oarica papaya.
PAXWAX, see Nucha.
PAXYWAXY, see Nucha.
PAZAIIAR, Bezoar.
PEA, Pisum — p. Garden, Pisuni — p. Ground
Squirrel, Jeffcrsotiiana Bartoni — p. Hoary, Galega
Virginiana — p. Love, Abrus precatorius — p. Nut,
Arachis hypngea — p. Partridge, Cassia chamas-
crista — p. Turkev, Galega Virginiana.
PEACH BRANDY, Amygdnlus Persiea — p.
Tree, Amygdalus Persiea — p. Wood, see CsesaU
pinia.
PEAGLE, Primula veris.
PEAR, see Pyrus malus — p. Avocado, Persea
gratissinia.
PEARL, Perln, 3fnr'garon, Marr/ari'tn, Mnr-
gel'linm, Ifttrge'lis, U'uio, (F.) Perle. A round-
ish concretion of a silvery white colour, and bril-
liant polish, found in several shells, and espe-
cially in the Arir'nln mnrgnrifi/'era, which has,
hence, been called Mitter perhiriini, Mnrgnri'tn,
and 3[other of pearl, and is. much used in the
fabrication of handles for surgical instruments,
Ac. Pearls were formerly given in powder as
astringents and antacids. They consist of lime
and an animal matter.
Pearl Ash, Potash of commerce.
Pearl, Mothkr of, see Pearl — p. White, Bis-
inuth, subnitrate of.
PEAU, Cutis — p. Divine, Condom.
PEAUOIER, Platysma mvoides.
PECAN or PECCAN NUT, see Hickory.
PECCANT, Pcccnns, from peccare, 'to sin.'
Morbid, not healthy. An epithet given by the
humourists to the humours when erring in quality
or quantity. See Materia Morbosa.
PECHAN, Stomach.
PECHEDEON, Perinsum.
PECHEGUERA. A pulmonary affection af-
fecting children three or four months old in South
America, which is promptly fatal.
POORER, Amygdalus Persiea.
PECIIIAGRA, Pechyagra.
PECHING, Anhelatio.
PECIIU'RIM seu PICHU'RIM CORTEX. A
highly aromatic bark, the produce of a species of
laurus. It is e.vtremely fragrant, like cinnamon,
which it greatly resembles in its properties. In
Portugal it is used in the cure of dysentery, Ac.
See Picburim brans.
PECH'YAGRA, Pech'iagra, Ancon'agra, Pec-
lihagrn, from irfj'Ytij, 'the elbow,' and aypa, 'a
seizure.' (Jout alfecting the elbow.
PECIIYS, Elbow.
PECIIYTYKBE, Porphyra nautica.
PECKLSH, Hungry.
PECTK, Cheese.
PECTEN, Pubes. Also, a comb.
Pkctkn Dknthim, see Sepes — p. Veneris,
Scandix cerefolium.
PECT 1 11 A G R A, Pechyagra.
PECTIN, from rnKTos, 'coagulated, curdled.'
A name given by Braconnot to a principle wliieli
forms the basis of vegetable jelly. It is exten-
sively diffused in the juices of pulpy fruits niid
roots, especially when they are mature; and oc-
casions these juices to coagulate when they are
mi.\ed with alcohol or boiled with sugar.
It is the basis of one of the classes of elemen-
tary principles of Dr. Pereira — the pectimiveuus.
PECTIN ACEOUS, Peetinous.
PECTINA'LIS, from pecten, pectivis, 'the
pubes;' PectincB'iis, jl/tis'cnlus liv'idits, Pertitiii'.
tits, (F.) Pubio-feifioral, Suspiihio-femorid (Ch.),
Recline. This muscle is situate at the inner unci
upjjcr part of the thigh. It is long, Hat, and tri-
angular ; is attached, above, to the space which
separates the ileo-pectineal eminence from the
spine of the os pubis; and, below, by a flat ten-
don, to the oblique line which descends from the
lesser troclianter to the linea aspera. The pecti-
nalis bends the thigh on the pelvis, and carries
it outwards in adduction and rotation. It iniiy
also bend the pelvis on the thigh.
PECTINATED, Pectina'tua, Pectin' iform,
Pec'tinnte, (F.) Pectin^, from pecten, pectinis,
'a comb.' Having the shape of the teeth of a
comb.
Pectinated Muscles, Pectina'ti mns'cidi. The
fascicular texture observed in the right auricle
of the heart: — 3lns'culi Anric'nia; Peclina'ti.
Their main use probably is — to prevent the over
dilatation of the auricles.
PECTINATUS, Pectinalis.
PECTINE, Pectinalis, Pectinated.
PECTINEUS, Pectinalis.
PECTINIFORM, Pectinated.
PP;C'TINOUS, Rectina'ccns, Pectino'sns, Pec-
tinn'eeoHs, from pectin. Of or belonging to pec-
tin or vegetable jelly, — as a. pcclinous or peel ina-
ceons vegetable principle.
PECTORAL, from pectns, pectoris, 'the
breast.' Relating to the breast. See Pectorals,
PECTORAL, GRAND, Pectoralis major.
PECTORALE, Corset.
PECTORALIS INTERNUS, Triangularis
stcrni.
Pkctora'lts '^\K.^ovl.,\xox(^. pectns, pectoris, 'the
breast.' Pectom'lis, Sterno - eleido - hnivlnn'lis,
(F.) Sterno-costo-clavio-hnmiral, Sterno-hnmfrid
(Ch.), Grand Pectoral. A large, flat, trianguliir
muscle, situate at the anterior part of the chest,
before the axilla. It is attached, on the one
hand, by means of aponeurotic fibres, to the inner
half of the anterior edge of the clavicle; to the
anterior surface of the sternum, and to the carti-
lages of the first six true ribs ; — on the other, by
a strong tendon, which is inserted at the anteri<ir
edge of the bicipital groove of the humerus. The
use of this muscle is to move the arm in various
directions. If it be hanging by the side of the
body, it carries it inwar<ls and a little forwards.
When the arm is raised, it depresses it and car-
ries it inwards. It can, also, move it in rotation
inwards. If the humerus be raised and fixed,
the pectoralis major draws the trunk towards the
up|ier extremity.
1'kctora'm.s Minor, Sa-ra'tua at^ti'cus minor,
(F.) Custo-eorucoidien (Ch.), Petit Pectoral, Pttil
PECTORALS
G89
PEDUNCLE
denteU. ri)il('i!(ntr. Thin muscle is situate beneath
the precedinjr, at the anterior ami upjicr jiurt of
the chest, it is flat and triani^iilar ; is attached
by its base, which appears dij^itated, to the upper
edge and outer surface of the 3d, 4th, and 5lh
true ribs, and is inserted at the anterior part of
the coracoid process. The pectoralis minor draws
the scap\ihi forwards and downwar<ls, and makes
it execute a rotatory motion, by virtuo of which
its inferior angle is carried backwards, and the
anterior depressed. When the shoulder is ti.xcd,
il elevates the ribs to which it is attached, and
aids in the dilatatinn of the chest.
PECTORALS, PeHnrn'Uc, Thornc"icn. Me-
dicines considered proper for relieving or remo-
ving atfoctions of the chest.
Pkc'toiial Ditoi'S, Batkman's, consist chiefly
of tiiK-liire of cfiHtor, with some camphor and opi-
vm, flavoured by auineeil. Gray gives the follow-
ing formula.: Cantor, ^y, ol. avis!, J5J j caniph.
Zv ; cocci', !5'ss ; opii, ^vj ; proof spirit, a gallon.
A form, advised by a committee of the Phila-
delphia College of Pharmacy, is the following: —
Alcohol. (Jil. cong. iv ; itaiital. rtthr. ros. _^j ; di-
gere per horas xxiv; cola, et adde Puln. opii,
Piilv. catechu, CaiiiphorcB, aa ^ij; OL anisi, ^w.
Digest for ten days.
J'/JCTOIifLOQUE, from pectus, pectoris, 'the
chest,' and loqiii, ' to speak.' One, according to
Laennec, who presents the phenomenon of J'ecto-
rihqiilim. Also, a stethoscope.
PECTORILOQUIE, Pectoriloquy —;3. Chiv-
rotaiite, Egophony.
PECTOIULOQUOUS BRONCHOPHONY, see
Pect'irilor|iiy.
PECTOlilWOQVY, Pectoril'otpi ism, Cav'ernoiis
mice, I'ectorilo'qiiia, (F.) Pectoriloquie, Voi.r ca-
venieiise, V. artiviilee. Same etymon. Speech
or voice coming from the chest. Laennec has
designated, by this name, the phenomenon often
])resented by consumptive individuals, when their
chests are examined with the stethoscope. The
voice seems to issue direct/j/ from the chest, and
to pass through the central canal of the cylinder,
— a phenomenon owing to the voice resounding
ill the anfractuous cavities, produced in the lungs
by the suppuration or breaking down of tuber-
cles, which constitute abscesses or ulcers of the
lungs. By some, it is not separated from bron-
chophony, having been termed, at times, stroii//
hronchnphontj, and 2)cctorH'oquous brouchophoni/.
See Laryngophony. Wliisperiuij pnctoriloqui/ is
that produced by the whispering of the patient.
PECTOllO'SUS, from pectus, pectoris, 'the
chest.' One who has a broad chest.
PECTUS, Sternum, Thorax — p. Cariuatum,
see Carina and Lordosis.
PECIILIUM, Penis.
PEDA(tRA, Potassa3 supertartras irapurus.
PEDAL, f'eda'lis, from pes, pedis, 'the foot.'
Relating to the foot : — as
Pkdal ApoNKimo'siS, {¥.) Apouevrose pedieuse.
A thin, aponeurotic layer, which invests the ex-
tensor brevis digitorum pedis, and separates the
tendons of the foot from each other.
PEDHELLY, Physconia.
PEDES, Genital organs.
PEDESIS, Pulsation.
PEDETIIMO.S, Pulsation.
PEDlAL'tJIA, Pedioual'iim, Pcdionenral'gia,
from -ndtov, ' the sole of the foot,' and a\yoi,
'pain.' Pain in the sole of the foot. Neuralgia
of the foot in general. An affection of this kind,
under the name I'edionaJijIe, prevailed in 1762
at Savigliano in Piedmont, and in 1S06 amongst
the militarv at Padua.
PEDICLE, VITELLINE, see Vesicula umbi-
licalis.
PEDICULARIA, Delphinium staphisagria.
44
PEDICULATIO. Phtheiriasis.
PEDIC'ULUS, J'htheir, Louse, (Prov.) Bidchj.
(F.) Foil. Diminutive of pes, pedis, 'a foot,'
from its having many feet. A genus of
parasitic insects. The human body is infested
with three kinds: the Bodylotise, or Clothcs-
lonse, Pedic'xdus vestimeit'ti, (F.) Pou de corjjt ;
the Ilead-hiuse, Pedic'ulus cap'itis, (F.) Poit de
la tele, which lives in the hair; the Crah-louse,
Mor'pin, Fera'lis pedic'ulus, Plat'ida, Phthi'rius
inijuina'lis, Pedic'ulus Pubis, (F.) Morp>i(iu, whi( h
infests the hair of the pubes. Infusion of to-
bacco, or mercurial ointment, or ointment of white
precipitate of mercury, or the white or red pre-
cipitate of mercury, readily destroys them. The
louse occurring in phtheiriasis, pedic'ulus tabex-
cen'tium, differs from the common louse. — Vogcl.
Pediculds Capitis, see Pedicuius — p. Pulii^.
Crab-louse — p. Tabescentium, see Pedicuius — p.
Vestimenti, see Pedicuius.
PEDfCURE, Chiropodist.
PEDICUS, Extensor brevia digitorum pedis.
I'EDIEUX (muscle). Extensor brevis digito-
rum pedis.
PEDIGAMBRA, Ysambra.
PEDILAN'THUS TITIIYMALOI'DES, Eu-
phor'bia til/ii/malo'ides seu mi/rtifo'lia, Jew bush.
Order, Euphorbiacese, grows in various parts of
the West Indies. The practitioners of Curacoa
give a decoction in venereal cases. It is als.>
used in domestic practice, in amenorrhoea. It is,
moreover, known and used as Jpecacuauha. —
Lindlcy.
PEDILU'VIUM, from ^jct^^s, 'the feet,' and
lavo, 'I wash.' Lavipe'dium, (F.) Pediluve, Bain
de pied. A bath for the feet. See Bath.
PEDION, Sole.
PEDIONALGIA, Pedialgia.
PEDIONEURALGIA, Pedialgia.
PEDIUM, Tarsus.
PEDONCULE, Peduncle.
PEDONCULES DU CERVEAU, Peduncles
of the brain — p. du Cervelet, Corpora restiformin
— p. du Coiiarium, Peduncles of the pineal gland
— p. de la Glaude piniale, Peduncles of the
pineal gland.
PEDORA. The sordes of the eyes, ears, and
feet.
PED'UNCLE, Pedun'culus, (F.) Piduneule,
from pes, pedis, 'a foot.' This term has been ap-
plied to different prolongations or appendices of
the encephalon.
Peduncles op the Brain, Pedun'culi seu
Crura seu Caudcr cer'ebri, calleil, also. Crura
auterio'ra medul'lcB oblouga'toi, (F.) Pedoiiculcs
du Cerveaii, are two white cords, about jths of
an inch in diameter, on the outside of the cor[)ora
albicantia. They arise from the medullary suli-
stance of the brain, and gradually approach, till
they join the tuber annulare. They are formed,
internally, of a mixture of cineritious and medul-
lary matter; the former of which, being of a
darker colour at one part than in any other part
of the brain, has been called Locus nif/er crnruiu
cerebri, Substau'tia nigra peduu'culi.
Peduncles of the Cerebellum, Peduv'cvll
seu Crura cerehel'li, called, also. Crura posterio'ra,
are six in number, three on each side — a. superior.
a middle, and an inferior. The superior pedun-
cles are generally known as the Processus cere-
bell i ad testes, Crura eerebel'li ad cor'pora quad-
rii/em'ina, Bra'chia copulati'va : the inferior are
the Processus eerebelli ad medullnm oblouffatam ;
and the middle are called, also, Cerebel'lar ptd' un-
cles— Proces'sns seu Crura eerebel'li ad pontem,
Bra'chia pontis.
Peduncles, I.nfeiuor, of the Cerebellum,
PEDUNCULUS
f590
rELVI-TROCnANTERIAN
Crirpora restiformia — p. of the Medulla oblongata,
C'lirpora restiformia.
Pkduncles of the Pine'al GlxtH), Pedunciili
eoiin'rh', (F.) Pedoncules de In (jlnnde pin f ale, P.
dii Coiianum, are two medullar}' bands or strips,
■whieh seem to issue from tlie pineal gland, and
]ir<>ceed on each side upon the upper and inner
resrion of the optic thalami. See Pineal Gland.
Pedunculi Cerebelli, Peduncles of the Cere-
bellum— p. Cerebri, Peduncles of the brain — p.
Conarii, Peduncles of the pineal gland, see Pineal
frland — p. MeduUse oblongatae, Corpora resti-
formia.
PEDUNCULUS, Peduncle.
PEGA, Canthus (lesser).
PEGANEL^'ON, Oleum ruta'ceum, O'leum
rutai, from irtyavov, 'rue/ and cXaiov, 'oil.' Oil
of Rue.
PEGANUM, Ruta.
PECtMIN, Corium phlogisticum.
PEINE, Hunger.
PKINOTIIERAPIA, Limotherapeia,
PEIRA, Effort, Experience, Nisus.
PELA'DA, (F.) Pelade. A word of uncertain
orif^in, applied to alopecia, especially to that re-
sulting from syphilis. See Alopecia.
PELA'GIA. A kind of scaly erysipelas of the
bands — sometimes of the legs, at others, of the
face. Pellagra [?].
PELAGRA, Pellagra.
PELARGO'NIUM ANCEPS, Pens'tera an-
ceps. A South African plant, Nat. Ord. Gera-
iiiacese, the decoction of which is used by the
Malays in amenorrhoea, and to promote parturi-
tion and abortion.
Pelargonutm Antibysenter'ioitm, Jenhinso'-
vin antldysentei-'ica. This South African plant is
used by the natives in dysentery. It is boiled in
milk.
Pelargo'nium Cuculla'tdm. Common along
the side of the Table Mountain. It has been re-
commended in decoction as an enema in colic,
nephritis, and suppression of urine. It is an e.x-
cellent emollient, and was formerly exported to
Holland under the name Herhn AIiJicb'cb.
Pelargo'nium TmsTE, Polync'tinm tn'ste. The
root of this plant, which grows at the Cape of
Good Hope, is somewhat astringent, and is used
there in diarrhoea and dysentery, and as an an-
thelmintic.
PEL'ICAN, Pelica'nus, Peleca'mis, Pel'ecan,
Pel'ecns, veXeKav, from rsXt/cao), ' I cleave.' An
instrument, curved at the end like the beak of a
pelican. Its use is to extract teeth.
PELI'CIDE, Pela'de, Mel coo' turn. Boiled
honey. — Ruland and Johnson.
PELICOMETER, Pelvimeter.
PELIDNOMA, Ecchymoma, Pelioma.
PELIO'MA, Pclidno'mn from irtXo?, 'black.'
A livid ecehymosis. — Forestus. See Ecchymoma.
P^LIOSE, Purpura.
PELIOSIS, Purpura hsemorrhagica — p. Rheu-
matica, see Purpura simplex.
PELLA. Cutis, Prepuce.
PBL'LAGPiA, Pel'arjra, Tchthyo'sis seu Tuber
f>eu Tmpeti'go Pellacpa, Elephanti'asia Ital'ica,
Lepra Mediolanen'sis seu Lomhnrd'ica, Scorhii'-
ttisalpi'iius, Mn'nia pella'gria, Erythe'ma endcm'-
iciim seu pel'lagruni, Inaolazione de Pn'tiiavera,
Male del Sole, Derinat'aijra, Erynip' elnnperind' ica
nervo'sa ch ron' ica, Paral'ysig scorhu'ti'ca, Scurvy
of the Alps, (F.) Mai de miaire, Scorhut dea
Alpes ; from neXXa, [?] 'skin,' and aypa, 'seizure.'
A disease, particularly noticed among the Milan-
ese, which consists in the skin becoming covered
with wrinkles, and assuming a scaly appearance,
especially in tlie parts exposed to the air. The
Strength diminishes, the intellectual faculties and
sensations become obscure, and cramps, convul-
sions, and other lesions of muscular contractility
supervene. It is a singular endemic iill'eclinn,
and has been supposed to follow evcrywiiero tlio
introduction of Indian corn : hence the nnino
Kapha' nia ma'iz'tica, given to it by some of tlio
Italian physicians.
An affection endemic in the Asturias is said to
be a variety of pellagra. It is the Jioaa seu Lvpia
Astu'ricd, Mai de la liona.
PELLENS, from pellere, 'to drive.' Driving;
impelling.
Peli.en'tia Medicamen'ta are medicines that
promote the occurrence of the menstrual or luo-
morrhoidal flux.
PELLICULA OVI, Membrana putarainis— p.
Summa, Epidermis — p. Superior, Epidermis.
PELLICULiE CORDIS, Ostiola cordis.
PELLIS, Cutis — p. Summa, Epidermis.
PELLITORY, Xanthoxylum fraxineum — p.
American, Parietaria Pennsylvanica — p. Bustard,
Achillea ptarmiea — p. of Spain, Anthemis pyre-
thrum — p. Wall, Parietaria.
PELMA, Sole.
PELOHiE'MIA, (F.) Pelohimie, from r,Xo{,
'dirt,' and 'aifia, 'blood.' A condition of tlio
blood in which it is thick, syrupy, and of a very
dark colour — as in diseases of the blood, gan-
grene, <tc.
PELOR, Monster.
PELORIA. Monster.
PELORIUM, Monster.
PELORUM. Monster.
PELOTE DE 31 ER, Pila marina.
PELTALIS seu PELTATUS CARTILAGO,
Thyroid cartilage. Xiphoid cartilage.
PELTAN'DRA YIRGIN'ICA, from nXr,,
'a target,' and avrip, 'for anther,' from the shield-
shaped stamens. Arum Virgin'icuiu, CuUa seu
Lecon'tia seu Pentsselaeria Virrpii'ica, Arroio
Arum, Taraho, Wampee ; indigenous; of the
Order Aracene. The fresh roots and seeds are
acrid stimulants, like Arum.
PELTIDEA AMPLISSIMA, Lichen caninus
— p. Aphthosa, Lichen aphthosus — p. Caniiia,
Lichen caninus — p. Leucorrhiza, Lichen caninus
— p. Malacca, Lichen caninus — p. Spuria, Liclien
caninus.
PELTTGERA CANINA, Lichen caninus.
PELUDE, Pelicide.
PELVIC, Pel'vicua, Pelvi'nua, (F.) Pelmen,
from pelvia. Belonging or relating to the pelvis.
Pelvic Aponeuro'sis, (F.) Aponh'rose pel-
vienne. A tendinous lamina, given off from tlio
sides of the pelvis, and from the entire circum-
ference of the brim, whieh passes into and lines
the pelvis, and is soon divided into two distinct;
layers; — one external, the lateral pelvic or oUk-
rator faecia, which continues to line the sides of
the pelvis, and covers the obturator intermis
muscle; the other, internal or superior, which
passes inwards upon the side of the prostate,
bladder, and rectum in the male, and of tlie
bladder, vagina, and rectum in the female, in
order to form the floor of the pelvis.
Pelvic Cavity, (F.) Cavit^ pelvienne. The
cavity of the pelvis.
Pelvic Members. The lower extremities.
Pelvic Surface of the Il'ium. That which
faces the pelvic cavitv.
PELVICULA OCULT, Orbit.
PELVID'YMUS, (F.) Pelvidyme, from pelrm,
and SiSvuoi, 'a twin.' A monster united at the
pelvis, and double above.
PELVI-TROCHANTE'RIAN, Pehi-tmchnn-
teria'nua. That which relates to the pelvis nnd
great trochanter. The Pelvi-trochant'-rinri v-
fjion is formed by the muscles— pyrnmid'iliii. i)ro
ohturat'ora, (jemini, and quadratuafemori»-—y<^^'^'^
PEL VI EN-
W
PENDULUM PALATI
pass from the pelvis to the digital cavity of the
grcnt trochanter.
PEL VI UN, Pelvic.
PELVIM'ETER, Pehjcom'eter, Pelyom'eter,
Pelivom'eter, Pyelom'eter, (F.) Pelvimetre, from
jjclvia, and /icrpov, ' a measure.' A barbarous hy-
brid. This name has been given to difl'erent in-
struments, invented for measuring the diameters
of the pelvis, and particularly the antero-posterior
or fore-and-aft diameter of the brim: — Pel elm' -
dry, (F.) Pelvime.trie. Two have been chiefly
employed, especially by French practitioners : —
the C'oiiipaa d'ipaigseitr, and the Pelvimeter of
Coutouly. 1. The Oonipaa d'epaiaseuv or CaV-
lijiers of Baudclocquc, is formed like a pair of
compasses — with blunt extremities — the branches
of which can be moved at will. One of these is
applied to the symphysis pubis, and the other on
the sacrum. About three inches must be de
ducted from this measurement for the thickness
of the mons veneris, pubis, and the base of the
Siicrum. 2. The Pelvimeter of Coutouly resem-
bles the instruments used by shoemakers for mea-
suring the length of the foot. The two branches
are introduced, in a state of approximaticm, into
the vagina, and then separated, so that one touches
the promontory of the sacrum, the other comes
behind the os pubis. It is a barbarous contri-
vance, and its introduction ought never to be at-
tempted on the living subject. It does not, indeed,
seem possible to introduce it without mischief.
The finger is, decidedly, the best pelvimeter,
and by it we can judge whether the base of the
sacrum be unusually prominent. Measurement
of the pelvis by the hand has been called Pely-
cochirometre'aia ; from ne\v^, 'the pelvis,' ;^t(/),
' the hand,' and iicrpov, ' measure.'
PELVIMETRY, see Pelvimeter.
PELVIS, Cho'aiia, Py'elos, Lec'ane, (F.) Baa-
tin; so called from ttcXu?, and n-tXAi;, 'a Isasin,'
because fancied to be shaped like an ancient
basin. The part of the trunk which bounds the
abdomen below. It is a large, bony, irregular,
conoidal cavity, — open above and below,— vehich
supports and contains a part of the intestines,
and the urinary and genital organs; and serves,
at the same time, as a fixed point for the articu-
lation of the lower limbs, the attachment of their
muscles, and the execution of their movements.
The pelvis supports, behind, the vertebral column,
and is sustained, before, by the ossa femorum.
It is situate, in the adult, near the middle i)art
of the body, and is composed .of four broad, flat,
unequally thick bones, difFering much in their
shape, size, and arrangemenf, which touch, are
articulated at some part of their surface, and in-
timately united by means of a number of liga-
mentous fasciae. Of these bones, two are behind,
on the median line, — the sacrum and the coccyx ;
the two others are before and at the sides, — the
ilia. They are fellows, and unite, before, with
each other. The most important parts of the
pohis, in an obstetrical point of view, are the
hi-im and the nutlet. The Brim, Aurpin'tin ah<.lo-
viina'lis, Intro'itua, Apertu'ra pelvis mipe'rior,
Upper Opening or atrnit of the Cavity of the Pel-
vis, (P.) Detroit siip£rienr, D. ahdominnl, is the
narrow part which separates the greater pelvis
from the less — the/d/tc from the true, Pelvis vera
seu minor. In the well-formed woman it is ellip-
tical, and slightly inclined forwards. Its antero-
posterior, sacro-pnhic or con'juyate diameter, in a
standard pelvis, measures 4i inches, but with the
siifl parts, ,"!§ inches ; its transverse or iliac or
lateral, 5i inches, but with the soft parts 4
inches : and its oblique, Diameter of Deventer,
with the soft parts. 4^ inches. The Oi'tlkt,
Ex'itna, Inferior opening or strait, Angus' tin
ptrincBa'lia, (F.) Ditroit in/erieur, D. pirinial, ,
forms the lower aperture of the pelvis. The
antero-posterior diameter is here, on account of
the mobility of the coccyx, 5 inches: the lateral,
4 inches. The Axis of tue Pklvis is important
to be known in obstetrics. The A.tis of the Brim
is indicated by a straight line drawn from the
umbilicus to the apex of the coccyx; — the A-ris
of the Outlet by a line drawn from the first bone
of the sacrum to the entrance of the vagina. An
imaginary curved line which indicates the direc-
tion of the canal of the pelvis, has occasionally
been termed the curve of Cams, in conseqcnce
of its having been poiutedl}' described by the
German obstetrician.
Pelvi.s Aurium, Cochlea — p. Cerebri, Infundi-
bulum of the brain.
Pelvis op the Kidney, Pelvis rena'lia seu
renum, Sinus, Venter seu Alvus Reuum, (F.) BaS'
ainet. This is a small, membranous pouch, occu-
pying the posterior part of the fissure of the
kidney. It is placed behind the renal artery
and vein; is elongated from above to below;
flattened from before to behind ; irregularly oval
in figure; and, below, contracts considerably, to
be continuous with the ureter. It receives the
orifices of the infundibula, which pour the urine
secreted in the kidney into its cavity.
Pelvis Minor, Pelvis — p. Ocularis, Scaphiura
oculare — p. Renalis, Pelvis of the kidney — p.
Renum, Pelvis of the kidney — p. Vera, Pelvis.
PELYCOCliniOMETKESIS, see Pelvimeter,
PELYCOMETER, Pelvimeter.
PELYOMETER, Pelvimeter.
PEM'MICAN or PEM'ICAN. Meat cured,
pounded, and mixed with fat. It has been much
use<l as nutriment on long overland journeys.
PEMPIIIGO'DES, Pemphigoid, (F.) Pemphi-
gode, from 7r£//0t|, 'a blister,' and uioi, 'form.'
An epithet given by the ancients to the fever that
accompanies pemphigus.
PEM'PIIIGUS. Emphly'sis Pem'phigus, Pom'-
pholyr, from ittfiiju^, TrciKptyo;, 'a blister;' Febris
bullo'sa sou vesicnla'ris sou ampullo'sa seu pem-
phigo'dcs seu pemphingo'des, Exanthe'nia serosum,
Jlorfa, Pem'phigus morta seu Helvct'icus seu
major seu minor, Morbus bullo'sus seu vesicnla'ris
seu anijiidla'cens, Pemphinr, Pemphix, Pemphyx,
Ti/phns vesioila'ris, Vesic'nlar Fever, Bladdery
Fever, Water-blebs, {¥.) Fievre bullense ou vhic-
nlalre, Maladie bulleuse. A disease, defined to
consist of vesicles, scattered over the body ; trans-
parent, filbert-sized, with a red, inflamed edge,
but without surrounding blush or tumefaction ;
on breaking, disposed to ulcerate; fluid, pellucid
or slightly coloured ; fever, typhous. It is doubt-
ful whether any such idiopatliic fever have ever
existed: the probability is, that the fever and
vecieations have been an acciilental complication.
CuUen thinks the Pemphigus Nelvtiens must
have been malignant sore throat. If, however,
■such a distinct disease did exist, it was probably
only as an endemico-epideniic.
Pemphigi's Gangra:nosa, Rupia escharotica —
p. Ilungaricus, see Anthrax — p. Infantilis, Rupia
escharotica — p. Major, Pemphigus — p. Jlinor,
Pemphigus — p. Morta, Pemphigus — p. Vario-
lodes, see A'aricella.
PEMPIIINX. Pemphigus.
PEMPHIX, Pemphigus.
PEMPHYX, Pemphigus.
PEMPT.EA FERRIS, Quintan.
PEX^EA MUCRONATA, see Sarcocolla — p.
Sarcocolla, Sarcocolla.
PEXCHE, Abdomen.
PEXCIL-LIKE PROCESSES, Styloid pro-
cesses.
PE.\DULOIIS ABDOMEN, Phvsconia.
PENDULUM PALATI, Velum pendulum
palati.
TENETRATING
692
PEPSIN
PEN'ETRATIXGr, Pen'etrnns, from penetrare,
pev<:tr<itiim, {peiiitiin iiitrnre,) 'to go into.' A
wound is so called wtiich penetrates one of the
great splanchnic cavities — Viibiiis penetrans.
A medicine is, also, so called, which is supposed
to p:i*s throuijh the pores, and stimulate.
PENICILLUM, Compress, Penicillus.
PENICIL'LUS, Penicilhim, Peulc'iilns, 'a
painter's brush ;' diminutive of pern's, ' a tail.* A
tent or pledget. A pessary. The secreting glandi-
form extremities of the veufe port*, {Ac"ini
hilio'si) have been so termed, as well as the
villous textures.
Pr.vicillus, Tent.
PENICULUM, Compress.
PENICULUS, Penicillus, Tent.
PENIDE, Penidiiim.
PENIDES, Saccharum hordeatum.
PENID'IUM, Peiiidinm saechara'tiim, from
penin, 'a tail,' from the shape [?], (F.) Pe.nide,
Sucre tors. A kind of clarified sugar, made up into
rolls. Barley sugar. It is demulcent; see Sac-
charum hordeatum.
PENIL, Mons veneris.
PENIS, 'a tail.' GanUs, Cnles, Cnnles, Criulos,
Men'tiila, Jlentn. Pliall'its, Fardf'ern, Posthe,
Pros' thinm, Crithe, Cur'yne, Vomer, Pater om' -
nium viven'tlum, Priu'piis, Viryn, V. viri'l^s, \.
yenita'lis, Vere'trum, Satlie, Jfembrum viri'le
seu semhiale seu getiitale viro'rnm, Mon'ott.
Cyan, Sie'nlct, Teiitiim, Ilasta, H. niipti'a'lis, H.
vi'ri'lis, Vas, Vas'cnhniifPeru'liitm, Vir'gnla, Vir,
Thyrsus, Teiisiis, Clavtis, Cauda salax, Cauda,
Fas'cinxim, F. viri'le, Jfiitn, A'erviis, N. fistulo'siia
seu fisfida'ris seu Jiiveni'lis, Per'tica per se,
Scapiis. Leco, Cnrcu'lio, Venn, Cotitiis, Telnvi,
Giirf/ii'lio, Sceptriim, Arnia, G/a'diiis, Lu'hricitm
Caput, ]\ftiti'inis. Pains, Pts'snhis, Radix. Itamns,
lintah' nlnm, Anna Ventris, C'dnnina adstans in-
(jnin'ibus, C'dminia, Pyr'amis, Trahs, Spina, Cata-
pnlta viri'lis, Verpa, ilfa<di(P,'ra, Taurns ; the
Yard, j\[ale organ, &c. (F.) Verge, Meinhre virll.
This organ, the nsc of which is to carry the semi-
nal fluid into the female organs of generation, is
cylindroid, long, and erectile, and situate before
and beneath the symphysis pubis. In the ordi-
nary state, it is soft and pendent in front of the
scrotum. During erection, it becomes elongated,
upright, and assumes a triangular shape. Its
upper surface is called the JJorsnm penis, (P.)
Dus de la verge; and, at its anterior surface,
there is a longitudinal projection formed by the
canal of the urethra. The two sides of the penis
are round, and its posterior extremity or root is
attached to the pelvis. Its anterior extremity is
free, and presents the glans, prepuce, and orifice
of the urethra. The penis is formed of the cor-
pora cavernosa, the principal seat of erection ;
the corpus spongiosuoi of the urethra, for the
conveyance of the urine and sperm ; and of the
glans, which terminates the canal. The Arteries
of the penis are branches of the internal pudic.
The Veins correspond with the arteries. The
Nerves are from the internal pudic.
Penis Ckijkbri, Pineal gland — p. Feinineus,
Clitoris — p. Lipodermus, Paraphimosis — p. Mulie-
bris. Clitoris.
PENNATUS, Penniform.
PEN'NIFOR.^, Pcnni/ur'mis, Penna'tus, from
penna, 'a pen,' und forma, 'form.' An epithet
fur muscles whose fleshy fibres are inserted on
each side of a middle tendon, like the feathers of
a, pen on their common stalk.
PENNSYLVA'NIA, MINERAL WATERS
OF. 'I'he most celebrated are those of Bedford.
The Carlisle, Ephrata, and Yellow Springs are
also frequented.
PENKYCRESS, Thlaspi.
PENNY'ROY'AL, Mentha pulegium, Iledcomft
pulegioides — p. Hart's, Mentha cervina.
PENNYWORT, ASIATIC, Ilydrocotyle
Asiatiea.
PENSACOLA, see Saint Augustine.
PENSEE, Viola tricolor — p. Sauvuge, Viola
tricolor.
PENSILIA, Pudibilia.
PENSY, Viola tricolor.
PENTAMY'RON, from TrtvTt, 'five,' and p,v^ov,
'ointment.' An ancient ointment, ctmsisling of
five ingredients. These are said to have been —
storax, mastich, vrax, opobalsam, and ungueiiluni
nardinum. — Paulns, and Aetius.
PENTAPIIAR'MACON, from nivrt, 'five'
and (papfxaKov, 'remedy.' Any medicine consist-
ing of five ingredients.
PENTAPIIYLLUM. Potentilla reptans.
PEN'TATEUCH, (SURGICAL,) Penlaten'.
chns, from vcrrt, 'five,' and r£«;^o;, 'a book,'
which signifies the five books of Moses — Gene^is,
E.Yodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy,
By analogy, some surgecms have given the name
Surgical Pentateuch to the division of exleriiiil
diseases into five classes: — wounds, ulcers, tu-
mours, luxations, and fractures.
PENTATIPETUM, from rcvrc, 'five,' and
Tidtvat, ' to place.' An ancient plaster consisiing
of five ingredients.
PENULA, Ingluvies.
PENZANCE, CLIMATE OF. This is the
chief residence of invalids in Cornwall, Engliind,
during the winter. It is situated on Mount's
Bay, about ten miles from the Land's End. It is
6i° warmer in winter than London , 2° colder in
summer: scarcely 1° warmer in the spring, and
only about 2J° warmer in the autumn. It i.s a
very favourable winter residence for the phthisical
invalid.
PEONY, Pajonia.
PKPANSIS, Coction, Maturation.
PEPANTICOS, Maturative.
PEPASMOS, Coction, Maturation.
PEPAS'TIC, Pepas'ticiis, from -cnnivii), 'I con-
coct.' A medicine supposed to have the power
of favouring the concoction of diseases. Matu-
PEPETRUS. Concocted.
PEPERL Piper.
PEP /NO (S.). A cucurhitacea, which is culti-
vated in great abundance in the fields of Peru.
The pulp or edible part is solid, juicy, and well
flav<iured; but is apt to disagree.
PEPO, Cucurbita pepo — p. Lagennrius, Ciicur-
bita lagenaria — p. Vulgaris, Cucurbita pepo.
PEPPER. BLACK, Piper nigrum — p. Cay-
enne, Capsicum annuum — p. Chilly, Capsicum
annuum — p. Cubeb, Piper cubeba — p. Decorti-
cated, Fulton's, see Piper nigrum — p. Guinea,
Capsicum annuum — p. Jamaica, Myrtus Pimento
— p. Long, Piper longum.
Pkppeh Bush, Swekt, Clethra alnifolia.
Pkpper, Mai.agxiet'a. This term has been
applied to the fruit or seeds of several zingihe-
raceous plants, as well as to the pimento. It is
usually considered to be s}'nonymous with Grann
Paradi'si, Grains of Par'adise, and Grana Qiiine-
en'sia, Guinea grains. — Pereira.
Peppkr, Pook-Man's, Polygonum hydrnpi|ier
— p. Tailed, Piper cubeba — p. Turnip, Arum tri-
phyllum — p. Water, Polygonum hydropipcr— p.
Water, of America. Polygonum punctatum — p.
Wall. Sedum — p. White, Piper album.
PEPPERWORT, Lcpidium.
PEPSIN, Pepsiup, Peps'inum, Chy'mosin, Gas-
terase, Digcs'tire Priii'eiple, from rti^if, ' coction,
' digestion.' A peculiar organic matter, which, in
combination with the gastric acids, is considered
to form the proper digestive solvent. Its cLcmi--
PEPSIxVU.M
693
PERI.ERESIS
fftl constitution is unknown. It would appear
that its presence is necessary to induce clianges in
the elements of the food, which may enable the
gastric acids to act upon them so as to form
ehyiiie.
PEPSINUM, Pepsin.
PKPSrs, Coction, Di'^estion.
PEPTIC, I'ep'ticiiH, from neirro}, 'I ripen,' 'I
digest.' An agent that promotes digestion, or is
digestive. Also, applied adjectively to an article
of food that is easy of digestion.
Pi;i>Tic Pkusuader, see Pilulae aloes et Kinee
KiniB.
PI'IPTONE. A presumed definite combination
between the solvent fluid in the stomach, and al-
buminous tiiatters received into the organ as ali-
ments. The same as Albuminose.
PER, 'by or through,' in composition often
gives intensity to the signification : as pcrtusHis, a
violent cough.
PERACUTUS, Catoxys.
PERARTIOULATIO, Diarthrosis.
PERATODYNIA, Cardialgia.
J'Elt CE- CRANE, Perforator.
7'A'/i!(7/?-/'^{//A/,A',Bupleurumrotundifolium.
PKUCE-MO USSE, Poly trichum.
FEltCE-MURAILLE, Parietaria.
PERCE-PIEIIRE, Crithmum maritimum.
PERCEP'TA, from perclpere, perceptum, {per,
and ciipiti.) ' to perceive,' ' receive.' A word used
by some writers on hygiene to indicate, in a gene-
ral manner, the etfects of the nervous action on
the animal economy: in other words, the sensa-
tions, the functions of the mind, and their dete-
rioration or privation.
PERCEPTIBILITY, see Sensibility.
PERCEP'TION, Perocp'iio. Same etymon.
The appreciation which the brain has of an im-
pression made upon an organ of sense.
PERCEPTIVITY. Same etymon. The power
of perception.
PERCOLATIO, Filtration, Percolation.
PERCOLA'TION, Pcrcoln't!o, from percolare,
pcrcoldtum, {per, and colare,)' to strain through.'
The terms per-
colation and (//»-
2>lncenient are
applied in phar-
macy to an ope-
ration which
consists in pla-
cing any sub-
stance, the vir-
tues of which
have to be ex-
tracted by a
menstruum, in a
f u nn el - shaped
instrument, hav-
ing a septum perforated with holes, or its tube
.'tuffed with cotton or tow, and pouring fresh
portions of the menstruum upon it until all its
virtues have been extracted. The operation is
used in the formation of certain infusions, ex-
tracts, tinctures, Ac.
An instrument used for this purpose is called a
di'tp/dccr or per'cohilor.
PERCOLATOR, see Percolation.
PERCUSS. Percii'lere, Percussion, {per, and
quatere, 'to Strike,') (F.) Perciitcr, Frapper. Same
etymon as the next. To strike upon with the
view of appreciating the resulting sound. To
practise percussion.
VVMCV&'SIOI^, Epicron'aio, Percxts'sxo. When
immeiihiic or direct percussion is made on the
chest or abdomen, the more or less perfect reso-
nance is an iudcx of the state of the contained J!
Displacer or Tercolator.
organs; and the physician is thus aided in his
diagnosis. For this purpose the chest may be
struck with the fingers, gathered into a bundle,
and their tips placed upon a levcL It is better,
however, to employ mediate percitssion, which
consists in interposiug, between the point of the
fingers and the chest, the finger of the other
hand, or a Plexim'eter, and striking this instead
of the naked chest.
Peijchssion, Auscultatory, see Acouophonia.
PE ROUTER, Percuss.
PERCUTEUR COURBE A MARTEAU,
(F.) An instrument used by Baron Ileurteloup
in the operation of lithotomy, in which a ham-
mer is employed instead of a screw, to force to-
gether the blades of the instrument on the forei^a
body. °
PERDO'NIUM. A medicated wine of herbs.
— Paracelsus.
PERETERIUM, Trepan.
PERETORIUM, Trepan.
PER'FORANS, from perfornre, {per, and fo.
rare,) 'to bore through.' A name given to diiffe-
rent muscles, whose tendons ))ass Through inter-
vals between the fibres or tendons of other mus-
cles; thence called perforated. See Flexor
Longus Digitorum, <tc. Under the name Per'-
foratiuij Ar'teries,iirQ included, I. In the hand —
arterial branches, given off by the profound
palmar arch, which traverse the muscles and in-
terosseous spaces. 2. h, the th!>/)i—lhvec or four
arteries, furnished by the profunda, which pass
through the openings of the abductor magnus.
3. In the foot— tho anterior and superior branches
of the plantar arch.
Pehpouans Casskrii, see Cutaneous — p. Ma-
nds. Flexor profundus perfonuis — p. Profundus,
Flexor longus digitorum pedis profundus perfo-
rans.
PERFORATED SPOT, Locus perforatus.
PERFORATING ARTERIES, see Perforans.
PERFORATIO, Perforation —p. Cranii, see
Perforah)r — p. Intcstinorum, Enterobrosis — p.
Ventriculi, Gastrobrosis.
PERFORA'TION, Per/ora'tio, Amilre'sis, D!-
atre'sis. Same etymon as Perforans. An acci-
dental opening in the continuity of organs, either
from an external or internal cause.
Perforation, Paracentesis — ;), de VE^tomac,
Gastrobrosis — p. des Intestins, Enterobrosis — p.
Uteri, Uterus, rupture of the.
PER'FORATOR, Perfurato'rimn, (F.) Perve-
crane. An instrument for opening the head of
the foetus in utero, when it is necessary to dimi-
nish its size. The operation is called Ctphulv-
tom'ia, Perfnra'tio cra'nii.
PERFORATORIUM. Perforator.
PERFORA'TUS. That which is pierced.
Anatomists have given this name to muscles
whose fibres or tendons separate to suffer other
parts to pass through them. Such are the Flexor
brevis digitorum pedia, F. siiblimie perforntun,
and Cornco-brachialis. Also, to parts that are
perforated for any purpose — as the substan'tia
perfora'ta of the brain.
Perforatus Casskrii, Coraco-brachialis.
PERFRIC'TIO, Perfriye'rium, Cutapsyx'ia,
Peripni/i'is. from pcr/riyere, perfrictum, {per, and
frit/ere,) 'to shiver with cold.' Considerable re-
frigeration. Great sense of cold : — shivering.
PERFRIOERATIO, see Rigor.
PERFRIGERIUM, Perfrictio.
PERFUSIO, Fomentation — p. Frigida, see
Affusion.
PERI, ncpt, 'about, on nil sides, round about.'
An augmentative prefix. Hence :
PERIJE'REISIS, from peri, and aipcui, 'I take
away.' A sort of circular incision, which the
ancients made in the neighbourhood of large ab-
PERIALGIA
694
rERICYSTITIS
sccsses. The periieresis is now only practised in
some cases of tumours.
PEKIAL'GIA, from ^jcn', and aSyoi, 'pain.'
A verv violent pain.
PERIAMMA, Amulotum.
PEKIAPTON, Ainuletum.
PERIBLAST, Periplast, (F.) Ph-ihlasie, from
irtpi, ' around,' and fiXuaToi, ' a germ.' The amor-
phous matter, which surrounds the endoblast, en-
dopUtst, (F.) Jiiidobldste or cell nucleus, and un-
dergoes segmentation.
PERIBLEMA, Catablema.
PEKIBLEP'SIS, from pert, and /JAtru., 'I
look.' The wild look that accompanies delirium.
— Foesius.
PERIB'OLE. from vcpiliaXXui, (irtpt, and fiaWw),
' I surround.' Tlie dress of a person. The peri-
cardium. Also, the translation of morbific mat-
ters towards the surface of the body.
PERIBRO'SIS, Pericra'xis, from neptPpiiicKW,
[TTcpi, and (ipuicKia, ' I eat,') ' I eat around.' Ulce-
ration or erosion at the corners of the eyelids.
PERICAK'DIAC, Perlcar'dial, Perlcardi'a-
cnn ; same etymon as Pericardium. Relating to
the ])crieardiLim,— as ' pericardi<d murmur,' 'pe-
ricardial effusion,' ' 2)ericardial arteries, veins,'
(fee, &c.
PERICARDIAL, Pericardiac.
PERICARDI'TIS, from pericardium, and ttis,
denoting inliauimation ; Injlamma'tio scu Pleuri'-
tis pericar'dii, Cardi'tis c.cter'na seu sero'sa seu
meinbroiio'aa, Exocardi'tis, Tiijlamma'tion of the
pericardium, (F.) Pericardite, Iitjlammation dii
Pericarde. This is probably the proper appella-
tion for most of those cases which have received
the names of Carditis, Cnrdipericardi'tis, Cardo-
pericardi'tis, and Oardiopericardi'tis. Along
with signs of pyrexia, the local symptoms resem-
ble those of pneumonia. Those which point out
that the pericardium is the seat of disease, are
the following : — pain, referred to the region of the
heart, or the scrobiculus cordis, — sometimes pun-
gent, at others, dull and heavy : palpitation, ac-
companied with spasmodic twitchings in the
neighbourhood of the heart, shooting up to the
left shoulder ; pulsation, and sometimes soreness
of the carotids, with tinnitus aurium and vertigo ;
the breathing is by catches; dyspnoea conside-
rable; pulse jarring, jerking, peculiar ; the tongue
white, covered with a mucous coat, and the skin
often bathed in sweat, as in acute rheumatism.
The phyxical signs during the first period are as
follows. The action of the heart is generally
evident to the eye, and may be felt by the hand.
Tliere is soreness to the touch over the intercos-
tal spaces, and over a small surface in the epi-
gastric region, when the pressure is directed up-
wards towards the pericardium. Percussion is
usually natural, but at times there is dulness.
On auscultation, the cardiac movements are
found to be frequent, abrupt, jerking, and tu-
multuous; often irregular and intermittent. The
pulse presents corresponding characters. When
effusion of lymph has occurred, percussion may
he negative, or be but slightly affected. On aus-
cultation, in addition to the preceding signs,
there may be one or more of the rubbing or fric-
tion bruits resembling the rustling of parchment,
or of a sawing or rasping character. In some
cases, the sound is like the creaking of new
leather. This has been supposed to be patho-
gnomonic of effused lymph. The most important
point in the pathology of pericarditis is its con-
ne.xion with acute rheumatism: and it forms one
of the most dangerous occurrences in the latter
disease. It may be acute or chronic: in either
case, it is, of course, formidable. The most act-
ive depletion must be used ; with large doses of
opium, counter-irritants, and all the means re-
quired in the most violent internal inflnnimn-
tions.
PKRICARniTIS EXSUDATORIA SaXOUISOI.E.VTA,
Hwmopericardium.
PERICAR'DIUM, Pcricar'dion, Pcrib'ole,
Membra'na Cor circumplex'a, luvoht'crum seu
Ar'cula seu Capsa seu Cap'sula seu Cam'ern sou
Iiiduiiien'tuin seu Pauuic' ulus seu Menibra'na seu
Theca seu Sacciis seu Sac'culus seu Srrotimt si-u
Vayi'na seu Vesi'ca seu Area seu That'aiiiiis re-
ga' lis sen Atnphies'iua seu Piirsa Cordis, jVhc or
Capsule of the Heart, (F.) Pericarde ; from peri,
and Kapiia, 'the heart.' The pericardiiiui is a
membranous sac, which envelopes the heart, and
the arterial and venous trunks that |)ass from or
into it. It is seated in the separation of the me-
diastinum, above the central aponeurosis of llio
diaphragm, to which it strongly adheres. Iia
shape is triangular, like that of the heart, to
which it is fitted. The pericardium is coniimsed
of two membranes: — the one — external — filiroiis;
the other — internal — serous. The latter, having
lined the inner surface of the external hiycr, is
rellected over the heart, and covers it entirely ;
without, however, having the heart within it: in
which arrangement it resembles other scrnns
meuibranes. The pericardium envelops tiie heart ;
retains it in position, and facilitates its move-
ments by moans of the serous fluid contained in
its cavity — Cavum jyericardii — and secreted by
the membrane — Liquor seu A(jna seu Jhnnor seu
Lijinpha seu Uri'na Pericar'dii, J/i/drocar'dia,
which it contains in greater or less quantity.
The arteries of the pericardium are small, Oiid
derived from the superior phrenic, anterior me-
diastinal and bronchial. 'The veins accompany
them, and open into the brachio-ccphalic. No
nerves have been traced to it. The lipnphatirs
enter the lymphatic glands that surround the
vena cava superior.
PERICARPIUM, Epicarpium.
PERICHOLIA, Polycholia.
PERICIIONDRI'TIS, Injlamma'tio pcrichon'-
drii, from perichondrium, and itis, denoting in-
flammation. Inflammation of the perichondrium :
hence Perich.ondri'tis larijnge'a ; — Inflammation
of the perichondrium covering the larynx.
PERICUON'DRIUM, (F.) Piriehmdre, from
peri, and ■)(^ovipoi, 'a cartilage.' A membrane of
a fibrous nature, which covers cartilages that arp
non-articular, and bears considerable analogy to
the periosteum in organization and uses.
PERICIIRISIS, Cireumlitio, Liniment.
PERICHRISTON, Cireumlitio, Liniment.
PERICLA'SIS, from peri, and K\au>, 'I break.
A comminuted fracture, with denudation of the
bone. — Galen. Foesius.
PERICLYMBNUM, Lonicera pcriclymcnum
— p. Vulgare, Lonicera pcriclymcnum.
PERICNE'MIA, from peri, and Kvnpn, 'the
leg.' The parts surrounding the tibia; — the tioia
itself.
PERICOLONI'TIS, Pericoli'tis, from peri, and
colonitis. Inflammation of the areolar tissue sur-
rounding the colon.
PERICOLPI'TIS, from peri, KoXnoi. 'vagina,'
and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation
of the areolar tissue surrounding the vagina.
PERICRANICEDE'MA, from pericratiinm,
and ot&ripia, 'a swelling.' ffidema of the head,
owing to fluid effused under the pericranium.
PERICRA'NIUM, Pericra'nion, Pericra'iiia,
(F.) Pericrane, from j^eri, and Kpaviov, 'the cra-
nium.' The periosteum, which covers the cra-
nium externallv.
PERICRA.SiS, Peribrosis.
PERICYSTI'TIS, from peri, Kvam, 'the Wad-
der,' and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflam-
TE RID Ell I A
G9:
PERIODOSCOPE
mation of the areolar tissue separating the blaJ-
d.T from tlie neigiibourinj^ parts.
I'KllIDKR'IA, from ;jp)/, and itpn, 'the neck.'
Twistini; <.f the cord round the neck of the child.
PI, HI DIvS'MIC, Periilcn'micus ; from peri,
and (5f(r/<fH, 'a ligument.' Some nosologists have
given tlii.s name to isciiuria caused by a lijjature
round tlie penis or by stricture of the urethra.
I'KRIDIiS'MIUM, from /<«//, and <!f(7^o5, 'liga-
ment.' The delicate areolar tissue covering a
ligament.
PlvlU DIASTOLE, see Diastole.
I'KItlDIDYME, see Testicle.
I'ERID'ROMUS, from pen, and ^poyDs, 'a
course.' The extreme circumference of the hairs
of the heail. — Gorrneus.
PERIESTICOS, Salutary.
PKRKJLOTTIS, Epiglottic gland: sec Tongue.
PERKVRAIMIE, from 7rE,'<ypa(/,u>, (Tf^i, and
ypaipui, 'I write,') 'I circumscribe.' Tlie apo-
neurotic intersections of the rectus abdominis are
Bo called. — Vesiilius.
PEUniEl'ATITIS. see Hepatitis.
PERILARYNGl'TIS, from pti-;, Uirynx, and
itlK, denoting iiiflamniiition. Inflammation of the
aronlnr tis.-^ue surrounding the laryn.x, which not
unl'rciiucntly ends in perihai/Df/eal ahsccng.
PERILYAIP]!, Cotunnius, liquor of.
PERIMYELITIS, Meningitis, spinal.
PERIMYS'IUM, Fan'ciii, from ^jf;i', and /<«{,
'a muscle.' The nreolar membrane or sheath —
r(i(/i'iia intiscula'ris — that surrounds a muscle, or
its fasciculi. The sheath of the whole muscle is
termed I'eritin/ulitm externum; of the fasciculi,
J'('n'}iii/i<iiini internum.
PERIN, Peris, from ntpa, 'a sac or pouch.'
With some, this mciins the scrotum; with others,
the testii:le; with others, the vagina; with others,
the pcritDUiiMun ; and with others, the anus.
PERIN.E,Of'ELE, Hernia, perineal.
PKHIX/EOR'RIIAPIIY, PcrincBorrhaj^Win,
from TTtpiinioi', 'iierinicum,' and paipTi, 'suture.'
Suture of the perioivum, (F.) Suture du Perin^e,
in discs of Inceration of the same.
PERINiE'UM, Iiiterfemin'eum, Tnterfccmin'-
eiim, liiti-rfuiiiiu'iinn, Intcrf(e'mlna, Iter femin'-
eum, Perin, Perin, Perineum, Grenau'ro, Plechns,
Am'phiplex, Peche'cleon, Afenos'cehtn, Ifeson'celu^,
Ferine' on, Pcrina'on, Ferine' as. Tram is, Tnuros,
Iiitcr/orani ine' um, Cocho'ne, Fliehos, J/esnme'rion,
Fwmen, Re't/io Perincp'i, (F.) Ferlnee, (rrriptv,
vnfnvos, 'the scrotum' [?].) The space at the
interior region of the trunk, between the isehiatic
tuberosities, anus, and genital organs. It is
smaller in the female than in the male; has a
triangular shape, and is divided into two equal
parts by a median line, called Jltiplie. It is oc-
casionally ruptured in labour. At times, it has
been made to e.xtend posteriorly as far as the os
coccygis. The part between the pudendum and
nnus is sometimes called ante'rior perina'um, to
distinguish it from that which extends from the
anus to the coccyx, called jjoste'rior perince'nm.
PERIN.EUS,"Perineal.
PERIN E'AL, Ferince'ns, Peri7nea'lis, Peri-
nea'lis. That which relates or belongs to the
perinaMim; as Perineal artcri/, P. hernia, &C.
1'kuinkai, Aponk.i:|{Osis, P. Fascia.
Pkiiineai, Artkuv, Arte'ria perincBa'lis, Su-
perficial arteri/ nf the Perince'iim. A branch of
the internal piidic distributed to the perinseum.
PiiKiN'EAL CuTAXKOUS Nerve, See Sciatic
nerve, lesser.
Pkrinkal Fas'ciA. Fns'cia Perincn'i, Perine'al
apiineuri>'>>ii>. The fascite, — super/ieial and deep-
seated — Perine'al lii/' anient — Camper's ligament,
Trian'gular llij'ament, — which belong to the peri-
iia'um.
Perine'al Fossa, Fossa perinm'i, Ischio-rectal
fossa. A conical fossa, the base of which cor-
responds with the skin ; is formed anteriorly by
the transversus perinaei muscle; behind, by the
inferior border of the gluta^us maximus ; inter-
nally, by the levator ani; and externally, by the
tuber ischii. It is filled up with fat and fibrous
striae.
Perineal Ischuria, Isehu'ria Perinea'lis. A
name given by Sauvages to retention of urine,
caused by a tumour seated in the perinasum.
Perineal Ligament, see P. fascia.
Perineal Nerve. A branch of the internal
pudic ; which is mainly distributed to the peri-
nipum and scrotum of the male; and to the vulva
and perina-Him of the female.
Perineal Region, Perinreura.
Perineal Section, Sec'tio perincp.o'lis. An
incision into the perinseum for the cure of stric-
ture of the urethra.
J'FRINEE, Perinseum.
PERINEPIIRI'TIS, (F.) Phlegmon perine-
phretlque, from peri, ve^pof, 'kidney,' and itin,
denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the ex-
ternal areolar and fibrous membranes of the kid-
ney, or of their investing adipose areolar tissue.
PERINEPIIRUS, see Kidney.
PERINEURION, Neurilemma.
PERINE VRE, Neurilemma.
PERINYC'TIDES, ircpi.andi/uf, vvkto^, 'night.'
An eruption appearing at night and disappearing
by day. — Erotian.
PE'RIOD, Pe'riodus, Periodei'a, Periodeu'sis,
Sta'dium, Circn'itus, (P.) Piriode, from peri, and
'ofios, 'way;' Circuit. Periods are the different
phases or revolutions of a disease, — the epochs
which are distinguishable in the course of a dis-
ease. Three periods are commonly enumerated.
1. The augmentation, increase, or progress, [In-
cremen'tiim ;) 2. The acme or height, (F. ) Etat
(Status;) and, 3. The decline (Decrementum.)
Some authors reckon only the invasion and ter-
mination.
Period is sometimes used in describing an in-
termittent, for the time between the commence-
ment of a paroxj'sm and that of the next, in-
cluding the fit as well as interval.
Periods, Monthly, Menses.
PERIODEIA, Period.
PERIODEUSIS. Period.
PERIODEUTES, Charlatan.
PERIODICITY, Periodic" itas. Rhythm, (F.)
Feriudicite. Same etymon. The aptitude of
certain phj'siological and pathological pheno-
mena, in health or disease, to recur at particular
periods, after longer or shorter intervals, during
which they cease completely. Diseases, thus re-
curring, are called periodical or rhyth'mical —
Typo'ses.
PERIODOL'OGY^ Periodoloq"ia; from irspi-
oios, 'a course or circuit,' and Aoyuj, 'a discourse.'
The doctrine of periodicity in health and disease.
PERIODONTITIS, (F.) Periodontite, Injlam-
mation de la 3fembrane alveolo-dentaire, from
peri, and oS.vs, oSohtos, 'a tooth.' Inflammation
of the membrane that lines the socket of a tooth.
Perioooxtitis Gingiva rum, Ulitis.
PERIOD'OSCOPE, from Trtpio&oi, 'a period."
and anoTTno, ' I view.' An instrument, proposed
by Dr. Tyler Smith, for the ready calculation of
the periodical functions of the sex. It consists
of a movable circular dial, upon which the months
and days are engraved, fixed on a pivot in the
centre of a large plate on which are numbered
the difl"erent conditions "f the reproductive sys-
tem, as conception, abortion, premature labour,
hemorrhage, labour, <fec. By a knowledge of the
date of conception, say November 14th, and fixing
TERIODUS LUNARIS
0 9 0
PERISTOLE
the movaMe plate opposite the point on the fixed
jiliite which indicates conception, the observer is
enabled, at once, to see, that, allowing 280 days
f:r {gestation, labour may be expected about the
llOth of August. The dial is made of card-board,
and is affixed to a small volume, in which its uses
and api'licatious are explained.
PEllIODUS LUNARIS, see Menses— p.
Mnrbi, Type — p. Sanguinis, Circulation.
PERIODYN'IA, from peri, and oivvyi, 'pain.'
A violent and extensive pain.
FERIONE, Decidua.
PERIOR'BITA, PeriWteum or'litm, (F.) Pe-
i-iorhitc, from peri, and orbitn, 'the orbit.' An
:i|ipellrttion used, by some, for the periosteum
lining the orbit, which is a continuation of the
dura mater. The inflammation of this periosteum
is termed Periorhi'tis or Periorbiti'tis, and /u-
;lmiiiiirt'lio perinn'tei or'hitcB.
PERFORBITLS, see Periorbita.
PERIORBITITIS, see Periorbita.
PERIOSTEITIS, see Periostitis.
PERIOS'TEOPHYTE, from periosteum, and
ijivii), 'I grow.' An osseous formation, com-
mencins in the periosteum.
PERIOS'TEUM, Perios'tenn, Periox'teos, Pe-
riim'tium, Circnniossa'le, 3fenihrH'na oHsin, Onien'-
t'Hii os'siitin, CircumoHsa'lin ilemhra' na, (F.) Pe-
1 idste, from peri, and oanov, 'a bone.' The peri-
osteum is a fibrous, white, resisting medium, which
.•surrounds the bones every where, except the
teeth at their coronae, and the parts of other bones
that are covered with cartilage. The external
surface is united, in a more or less intimate man-
ner, to the neighbouring parts by areolar tissue.
Its inner surface covers the bone, whose depres-
sions it accurately follows. It is united to the
bone by small, fibrous prolongations; and, espe-
cially, by a prodigious quantity of vessels, which
jienetrate their substance. The periosteum unites
the bones to the neighbouring parts. It assists
in their growth, either by furnishing, at its inner
surface, as M. Beclard demonstrated, an albumi-
nous exudation, which becomes cartii?iginous, and
Ht length ossifies; — or by supporting the vessels,
wliicli penetrate them to carry the materials of
their nutrition. See Medullary membrane.
Periosteum lyTEnNUiM, Medullary membrane
— p. Orbitse, Periorbita.
PERIOSTI'TIS, Periostei'tin, Injlammn'tio pe-
ri'is'tei, from jx'rionteum, and itin, denoting in-
flammation. Inflammation of the periosteum.
PERIOS'TO-MEDULLI'TIS, (F.) Periosto-
werlnUite, from perioxteum, medulla, 'marrow,'
rnd itis, a suffix denoting inflammation. Simul-
taneous inflammation of the periosteum and me-
dulla spinalis. — (Jerdy.
PERIOSTO'SIS, (F.) Periostose. Tumour of
the periosteum. Tumours are so called which
are developed on bones, and formed by their outer
membrane. These tumours are more rapidly
developed, have a less degree of consistence, and
sooner disperse than exostoses, which they re-
semble greatly.
PERIOSTOSTEI'TIS, (F.) Periostostiite, from
perionteum, oanov, 'a bone,' and itis, denoting in-
flammation. Simultaneous inflammation of the
] eriosteum and bone. — Gerdy.
PERIPHERAD, see Peripheral aspect.
PERIPH'ERAL, Periph'eric, Peripher'ical ;
from peri, and iptpia, 'I bear.' Relating or apper-
taining to the periphery or circumference.
Periphedal Aspect. An aspect towards the
circumference of an organ. — Barclay. Periph'-
errid is used by the same writer adverbially to
signify 'towards the peripheral aspect.'
PERIPHERAL VASCULAR SYSTEM, Ca-
pillary system.
PERIPIIIMOSIS, Paraphimosis.
PERIPLAST, Peribhist.
PERIPLEUMOXIA. Peripneumonia.
PERIPLOCA IXDICA. Ilcmide.Mnus Indicuj
— ]). Miiuritiana, see Scauimony.
PERIP'LYSIS, from peri, and irXixrjj, 'the net
of washing;' Projlii'vium. A copious discharge
from anv part, especially from the bowels.
PERIPNEUMO'XIA, Periplf„m</„ia, Peri-
pneuiixnii'lis, I'rue peripinii'inoiii/, from peri, and
nviviiiiiv, 'the lung.' Infliunmalion of the sub-
stance of the lungs. See Pneumonia.
Peiupneumonma BiLio'sA. Inflammation of
the lungs, accomjianied witli bilious fever.
Peiup.neumo'nia Catahimia'lis. Briinchitis or
pulmonary catarrh, with pain in some part of the
chest. Peripneumonia notlia.
PEruPNEiiMo'NlA NoTHA, P. spn'ria sen pilni-
to'sn seu catarrhd'lis, /'iicuDio'uiri tiiilhii, PKeiuln-
j)erij)neiinioiiia, Pneudo-pueumouid, Puciidnpneii-
mo}ii'ti8, Bronchnc'uce, lllenuotho' ra.r. ()bntnie'llo
pulino'num pituito'aci/ebri'lis, lirouclii'tin nnlhen'-
ica, False or Bastard Peripnoi'mouy, (F.) P(-
ripneumonie bdtarde ou fausse, Fausse piieiniiuiiie.
An inexact name, under which some affections
are comprised that resemble pneumonia; an<l,
especially chronic bronchitis with pleurodynia.
See Bronchitis (chronic.)
Peripneumonia Pituitosa, P. notha.
PERIPNEUMONITIS, Peripneumonia.
PERIPNEUMONY, Pneumonia — p. Jiastard,
Peripneumonia notha.
PEitiP.NEtiMONY, Latent. Pcripneumony whoso
symptoms are so obscure as to be recognised with
difficulty.
PERIPROCTI'TIS, from Trepi, 'around,' and
TTpwicroj, 'the anus.' Inflammation of the areolar
tissue surrounding the rectum.
PERIPSYXIS, Catapsyxis, Perfrictio.
PERIPYE'MA, from ]>eri, and jrvov, 'pus.'
Suppuration around an organ; — a tooth fur ex-
ample.
PERIRRHCE'A, Perir'rhoi, from peri, and
i>t<i>, 'I flow.' Afflux of fluids from every point
of the body towards an organ which has to remove
them from the economy. Also, enuresis.
PERIS, Perin.
PERLSCELIS, Jarretiere.
PERISCYPHISMUS. Periscythismus.
PERISCYTIIIS'MUS, Periscy'thisis, Pert-
scytis'mns, Periscy'tisls, Perisei/'phisis, Peri-
scyphismus, Scalping, from peri, and T,KvOris, 'a
Scythian,' that is, ' scalping after the manner of
the Scythians.' An operation described by Pnu-
lus of ^gina. It consisted of an incision n)iido
around the cranium, and was employed in ha-
bitual weakness of the eyes, pains of the head,
&c.
PERISPHAL'SIS, Cireumdnc'tio, from peri,
and o(/iuA^a), 'I move.' A circul.ar motion im-
pressed on a luxated bone, for the purpose of re-
ducing it.
PERISSODACTYLUS, Polydactylus.
PERISPLENITIS, see Splenitis.
PERISTALTIC, Systaltic — p. Action, Peris-
tole.
PERISTAPHYLINUS EXTERNUS, Circum-
flexus museulus — p. Inferior, Cireumflexus mus-
culus — p. Internus, Levator palati.
PERISTERA ANCEPS, Pelargonium anccps.
PERISTERIUM, Verbena officinalis.
PERISTER'NA. from peri, and ortp^v, 'the
sternum.' The lateral parts of the chest.
PERIS'TOLE, Maius Peristal'ticux seu com-
presso'rius seu vermicula'ris seu testitditt'eiis, from
peri, and ortAXiu, ' I contract,' ' I close.' The
peristaltic action of the intestines, Motns perislid'-
ticus, (F.) Mouvement pi'ristaliiqiie. It consists
of a kind of undulation or vermicular movement,
PERISTOMA
697
PEROCORMUS
in appearance irregular, but in which the circular
fibres of the muscular membrane of the intestine
contnict successively, from above downwards, in
proportion as the chyme advances in the aliinen-
tiiry can;il; so that, bein;; compressed above,
it is pushed into the next portion of the intes-
tine, whose fibres are in a state of relaxation.
When the lihres contract inversely, they occasion
an miliperiitiiltic action. The peristaltic action
is involuntary, and is not under the immediate
influence of either brain or spinal marrow. It
coniiniii's for some time after death.
PHKISTOMA, Peristroma.
I'KlUSTOMrUM, Mouth.
PKIUSTRO'M.V, Peril' loma, Uriw'cm viHo'siis,
CriiHlu iiieiiihraiia'cen seu verniicidd' fin, from peri,
and orrfJuiTU/ii, ' to spread.' The villous or mucous
coat of tiie intestines. — Castelli.
PKllISYS'TOIiE, from peri, and o-uotoX??, 'eon-
traction.' Tiio interval that exists between the
systole find diastole of the heart, which is only
perceptible in the dying. — Bartholine.
PEIUTERION, Trfpan perforatif.
PKIUTHSTIS, Albuginea.
PKItlTOrXE, Peritonaium.
PEIUTDME. Circumcision.
PERITON.EKEX'IS, Perito„(pnrex'is, from
periloiicf.iim, and ptiyvufit. ' to break.' Hernia
formed bv the ru|)tiire of the peritonieum.
PERrt()X;i*;'UM, Perilune'um, Peri Ion cb'oji,
PeriUinei'i>ii,l'<'ritnn(p,'oH. Peritoui'oii, Peritoue'oe,
Velniiieit'tKin ubdoniiiia'te, I'li'nica praten'sn seu
Operimeii'tiini jiratenmim seu 3Ieiiihra'iin tibdoiii'-
iiiiH, PuijoHy Siphar, Syphiir, Zrpach, Ziphac, {¥.)
J'eriloiiie, from peri, and tcihd, ' I stretch.' A
serous membrane, which lines the abdominal
cavity, I'eritonce' urn parietn'le, extends over the
greater part of the organs contained there, Peril'-
viKtnin inteHtinn'le seu vinceni' le, envelops them
wholly or in part, and maintains tlieir respective
relations by nioatis of different prolongations and
ligamentous folds: — the mesentery, epiploon,
mesocolon, Ac. Like all the serous membranes,
the peritoneum, except in the female, is a sort of
S!ic witiiout aperture, which covers the abdominal
organs, without containing them within it, and
the internal surface of which is smooth, and lu-
bricated by a serous fluid. In the male foetus,
the peritonajum furnishes a prolongation, which
ncconipaiiies the testicle at the time of its descent,
and, in tlie female foetus, forms the Uan<d of N itch- .
15clow the neck of the gall-bladder, the perito-
na;um has a triangular opening, called the Fora-
men or I/inlns of Wins/ow, through which it pro-
ceeds l)ehind the stomach, to form a sort of se-
condary cavity, called the posterior cttviti/ of the
]terilo}i(ri(in, (F.) Arriere cavite 2>eritone<i.le ou
Cdvit^ des Epiploons.
PkiutoN/EUM Dui'LiCATtTM, Epiploon, gastro-
colic.
PERITONE'AL, PeritoncB'us. That which
appertains or relates to the peritoneum.
rKIUTOSUTE, Peritonitis —^x Puerp6rale,
see Peritonitis.
PERITONI'TIS, Empres'ma seu Cnumn Peri-
tonitis, Peritonmi'tis, Jn/hnnma'tio seu Phleg'-
vione PeritoniF.'i, Pldcipna'sia or Injictmnintion
of the I'erilontf.'itm, from peritoneum, and (V)'*,
denoting 'inflammation.' (F.) Piritonite, In-
jlnininotion dii PSritoine. The characteristic
signs of acute inHamination of the peritoniBum
are, — violent pain in the abdomen, increased by
llic slightest pressure, often by the simple weight
of the bed-clothes. It generally occurs in the
parturient state; Lorhoperitoni'tis, and begins on
the second or third ilay after delivery. At times,
a malignant epidemic, and perhaps contagious,
variety has made its appearance, and destroyed
numbers of females. This has been described
under the name Pner'pertd Ferer, 3/etroperitnni'-
tis, Ene'cia Syn'ochus Pnerperri'rnm, (F.) Peri-
tonite pnerpende, Mitrojieritoiiite pnerpfrale,
Fienre piierperole. Typhus pnerperal, Erythemat'-
ic or Nonplds'tic Puerperal J'eritonitis, Typho-
ha'inic Peritoni'tis, Adynani'ic or MnUy'nant
Piier'peral Fever, Low Fever of Childbed. It is,
according to some, a malignant inflammation of
the itcritoneum and uterus ; according to others,
a Uterine Phlebitis. In any form it rocjuires
active treatment, early employed. The ap-
pearances on dissection are such as occur when-
ever a serous membrane has been inflamed, and
such inflartimation has produced death : — effusion
of fluid with flakes of coagulable lymph in it;
appearances of vascularity, &c., in the membrane.
The treatment — in active peritonitis — must con-
sist of the same course as recommended under
Enteritis. In the chronic kind, sym|)toms must
be combated as they arise, and it may be ad-
visable to excite a new action in the system by
means of mercury. In the epidemic and malig-
nant variety, unless bleeding be freely employed
at the very outset, it docs harm. If used early,
it is of decided advantage. Everything de-
pends upon arresting the morbid process at the
outset.
Pkiutonitis, Erythrmatic, see Peritonitis —
p. Hepatica, see Hepatitis — p. Nonplastic, see
Peritonitis — p. Puerperal, see Peritonitis — p.
Typliohremic, see Peritonitis.
PERITTOMA, Excrement.
PERITYPIILI'TIS; from japr,', and typhlitis,
inflammation of the CiBcum. Inflammation of
the iireidar substance surrounding the caecum.
See Tvphlo-enteritis.
PERI-1ITERI^'E, Peri-nteri'nns, badly com-
pounded from peri, and vlerns. That which is
situated around the nterus; hence "^<e;/i(^c)/»e
inflammation" or "periuterine phlegmon," — in-
flammation of the areolar tissue around the
uterus.
PERIWINKLE, LESSER, Vinca minor.
PERIZO'MA, from netti^iavvviii, {vtpi, and fwv-
vv/it. 'to gird.) 'to gird around.' A bandage; a
girdle. In Fabrieius Hildanus, a truss. Herpes
zoster. The diaphragm.
PER'KINISM. A therapeutical means, first
employeil by Dr. Elisha Perkins, of Norwich,
Connecticut, towards the termination of the last
century, and named after him. It consisted in
drawing over affected or other parts the pointed
extremities of two metallic rods, called Metallic
Tractors, each made of a different metal. The
success obtained, was through the influence of
the imagination ; and, consequently, as a reme-
dial agent, it ranks as high as animal magnetism,
but no higher. The operation was, also, called
Tractora'tion.
PER'KINIST. A believer in and practiser of
Perkinism.
PERKINIS'TIC. Relating or belonging to
Perkinism.
PERLA, Pearl, Paralampsis.
PKRLE. Pearl.
PERMISTIO. Coition.
PERMIXTIO, Coition.
PER:\tOTrO, Motion.
rEUXrCIEfX, Deleterious.
PERXICIO.'^US. Deleterious.
PERNIO. Chilblain.
PERNOCTATIO. Insomnia.
PKROCEPH'ALUS. from 7r;,pof. 'deficient,'
and Kr4>a\>j, 'head.' A monster with a defective
head.
PEROCOR'MUS, from rr^po?, 'deficient.' and
Kopfw^. 'trunk.' A malformation in which the
trunk is defective, and too short, froip the aU>
PERODACTYLEUS
608
PERSriRATION
senoe of one or more vertebrte, — the head and
limbs bein<; nonnal.
PERODACTYLEUS, Flexor longus digitorum
pedis profundus perforans.
PERODYNIA, see Cardialgia.
PEROMEL'IA, from -nripui, 'deficient,' and
fit^oi, 'a liuil).' Congenital misconstruction, or
mutilation of the limbs. A genus in the noso-
logy of Good.
PEROM'ELUS. A monster possessed of the
deformity mentioned above.
PEROXE, Fibula— p. Col dii, Collum fibulae.
PERONE'AL, Perona'us, Fibula'ris, Fih'nlar,
(F.) Peruuier, from ncpovri, 'the fibula.' Belong-
ing or relating to the fibula.
Peroneal Artery, Fih'nlar, A., arises from
the popliteal, and is situate deeply in the pos-
terior and outer part of the leg. It gives off
branches of little importance. Near the outer
ankle, it divides into two branches. 1. The pos-
terioi- peroneal, which descends behind the lower
joint of the fibula, on the outer surface of the
caleaneum. 2. The nntcn'or peroneal, which
crosses the inferior extremity of the interosseous
ligament, to be distributed on the dorsal surface
of the foot.
PERONEAt. Muscles are three in number. 1.
PerontBiis Brevis seu SecHiiduH seu Aiiti'ciin sen
3/e'diiis, Semi-Jibnlm'iis, (F.) Grand-peraiieo-Kiin-
mStatarsien, Court peroneo-lalKral, MoijeM, Pero-
nier. A muscle, situate beneath the peronasus
longus. It is attached above, to the outer sur-
face of the fibula, and terminates, below, at the
posterior extremity of the 5th metn tarsal bone,
after having been reflected beneath the malleolus
externus. It extends the foot upon the leg, at
the same time raising a little the outer edge. It
may, also, act upon the leg, and extend it upon
the foot. 2. PeroncFAta Loiigns seu primus seu
posti'cus seu max'imus seu poste'rior, (F.) Tibi-
peroneo-tarsieti, Long peronier lateral, Peroneo-
sous-tnrsien, (Ch.) 3/iiscle grand peronier. This
piuscle is situate at the outer part of the leg. It
is long, thick, and triangular above; thin, nar-
row, and flat below. It is attached above to the
outer edge of the upper extremity of the fibula,
and to the upper third of the outer surface of that
bone. Below, it terminates at the outer part of
the posterior extremity of the first metatarsal
bone. This muscle extends the foot on the log,
turning its point outward, and raising its outer
edge. It acts, also, upon the leg, which it ex-
tends on the foot. 3. Peronceus Tertius, Nonns
Vesn'lii, (F.) Peronier anterienr. Petit pSroneo-
SM-metatarsien (Ch.,) Petit Peronier. A muscle,
situate at the anterior, outer, and inferior part of
the leg. It is long and flat, and is nttached,
above, to the inferior third of the anterior mar-
gin and inner surface of the fibula; terminating,
below, at the posterior extremity of the 5th me-
tatarsal bone. This muscle bends the foot on the
leg, by raising its outer edge. It can, also, bend
the leg on the foot.
Prroseal Nerve, see Popliteal nerves.
Peroneal Vein follows the same course as
the artery.
PERONEDACTYLIUS, Flexor longus digito-
rum pedis profundus perforans.
pknOXEO-LATERAL COURT, Peronseus
brevis — p. f'halanginien dn gran orteil. Flexor
longus pollicis pedis — p. Soiis-phalangettien dn
ponce. Flexor longus pollicis pedis — p. Sous-
tarnieii, Peronseus longus — p. Snu-metatnraien,
Peronoeus tertius — p. Snu-metafareieii, grand,
Peronajus brevis — p. Snn-phalangettien dn ponce.
Extensor proprius pollicis pedis — p. Tibi-nnii-
phalaiigettien eowwiuH, Extensor communis digi-
torum pedis — p. Sua-phalangten du j'oucc, Ex-
tensor proprius pollicis |)edis.
PERONEUM, Fibula.
PERONIER, Peroneal.
PERONIER, GRAND, Perona;us lon^rus —
p. Lateral, long, Perona'us longus — p. Moyai,
Pcrona-us brevis — p. Petit, Peronanis tertius.
PERONODACTYLIyEUS, Flexor lon-us digi-
torum pedis profundus perforans.
PERONODACTYLIUS, Flexor longus digi-
torum pedis profundus perforjins.
PEROSO'MUS, from unuoi, 'deficient,' nnd
(T(i)^a, ' body.' A monster, whose whole body is
imperfectly developed. — Gurlt.
PEROSPLANCH'NICA, from ^r,poi, 'defi-
cient,' and an\ay)(^i'ov, 'a viscus.' Congenitiil
misconstruction of the viscera. A genus in tlio
nosology of (lood.
PERPENDICULUM HEPATIS, Suspensory
ligament of the liver.
PERPERACU'TUS. 'Extremely acute.' An
epithet applied to very violent and rapid (lisc!i.>-es.
PERPLEXI MORBI, see Complication.
PERPLICA'TION, Perplica'tio ; from per,
'through,' and plico, piUcatnm, 'to fold.' A iiie-
thod of tying arteries, which consists in making
a small incision in the side of the artery, neAr
its bleeding orifice, introducing a small pair of
forceps, seizing the open extremity, and drawing
it backward, through the aperture made in tlie
side of the vessel, so as to form a kind of knot.
PERROSIN, see Pinus abies.
PERRY COUNTY WARM SPRINGS. These
are in Pennsylvania, eleven miles from Carlisle,
and fourteen from Ilarrisburg. Temperature
67°; impregnation not much. They are used for
bathing.
PERSE A CAMFORA, see Camphor — p. Cas-
sia, Laurus cassia — p. Cinnamomum, Laurus cin-
namomum — p. Cubeba, Piper cubeba.
Peu'sea Ghatis'sisia, Lanme J'crsea, Pcdiu
tree. Avocado Pear. A slender, very high tree
of Peru, with a small dome-like top, which grows
on the eastern declivity of the Andes, and rises,
at times, to the height of more than 60 feet. Its
fruit — (S.) Palla — which is pear-shaiied, is
generally much liked. It dissolves, like butter,
on the tongue, and hence is called, in some of
the French colonies, benrre r{'gilale. The leaves
are reckoned balsamic, pectoral and vulnerary.
The seeds are very astringent.
Persea Picuuuim, see Pichurim beans — p.
Sassafras, Laurus sassafras.
PERSIAN FIRE, Anthracion.
PERSICA VULGARIS, Amygdalus Persica.
PERSICAIREACRE, Polygonum hydropiper
— pi. Drulante, Polygonum hydropiper — p. Douce,
Persicaria — p. Poivree, Polygonum hydropiper.
PERSICARIA, Polygonum Persicaria— p. Mi-
nor, Polygonum Persicaria — p. Mitis, Polyg<mum
Persicaria — p. Urens, Polygonum hydropiper —
p. Wandspiked, Polygonum Virginianum — p.
Water, Polygonum amphibium.
PERSIL, Apium petroselinum — p. d'Ane,
Charophyllum sylvestre — p. Fanr, ^Ihusa cy-
napium — p. de Macedoin, Bubon Macedonicum
— p. de jMonlagtie, Athamanta aureoseliiiuni.
PERSIMMON, Diospyros Virginiana.
PERSOLATA, Arctium lappa.
PERSOLLATA Arctium lappa
PERSOLUTA, Arctium lapp.a.
PERSPICILLUM, see Spectacles.
PERSPIRABILE SANCTORIANUM, Per-
spiration.
PERSPIRA'TION, Perspira'tio, Trnnxpim'.
tlo, Di^la'tio, Diap'noe, Diapncc'a, Piapneit'tin,
Pempirub'ile Sanctoria'num, from per, ' through,
PERSPIllATORY
G99
PESSARY
anJ spirare, »p!ratnm, ' to breathe, exhale.' The
iiiHKiiHibte trfinH/jlrution or exhuhition cont'inuiilly
going on at the surface of the skin and niem-
liranes. Sensible perspiration is called sweat.
The perspiratory fluid is secreted by an appro-
priate glandular n|)paratus, termed by lireschet,
di((j>ii<"j"f>iou8, (F.) Ajjpareil diitpiKitjene ; the
sadiiri p' ufoiiH (jlandii, Ghiud'ufce mulorip'ara, Or'-
yiiii'i audorip'ara, aweixt yhinds, consisting of a
convoluted tube, situate beneath the true skin,
and of si)iral duets, which open obliquely under
the scales of the epidermis. A certain portion
of the perspired fluid is thrown off by ordinary
physical evaporation.
The PulmoiKtitj e.chidufion or transpiration is
that wliich takes place into the bronchia, and is
gent out with the expired air.
PEKS'PIRATORY, Perxpirato'rius, Tram'pi-
rnlori/, Truuspiratu'rim, (F.) Perspiratoire, Truns-
piiuidire. Same etymon as the last. Relating
or l)elonging to, or the product of, perspiration.
PERSUDATIO, Diapedesis.
PERSULTATIO, Diapedesis.
I'EttTE, Metrorrhagia — p. d'Appetit, Ano-
rexia— p. de la Memo! re, Amnesia — p. de I'Odo-
ritt. Anosmia — p. de iSaiir/, llicmorrhagia — p. de
la Vdi.r, Aphonia — j). de la Vue, Ca'citas.
PEltT^REBRANT, Perter'ebram, from per,
'through,' and terebrare, 'to bore.' The French
give this epithet to an acute pain — Dnnleiir per-
terebrnute — which occasions a sensation like that
which would be produced by an instrument pe-
netrating and lacerating a part; — the pain from
whitlow, for example.
PERTES BLANCHES, Leucorrhcea— p. f/e
,S'((»7, Metrorrhagia — p. Seininales, Spermator-
riuiea — p. Uterines, Metrorrhagia — p. Utiriuea
blaitches, Leucorrhoea — ]). Uterines rouges, Me-
trorrhagia.
PERTICA PER SE, Penis.
PERTURBATIONES ANIMI, Affections of
the mind.
PERTURBA'TRIX, [Medici'na) from pertur-
bare, pertiirbatiiiii (per and turbare.) ' to disturb
greatly.' Per'tnrbating treatment, (F.) 3fethode ou
Mcdecine pertiirbatrice ; a mode of treatment in
wiiich very active means are employed, and such
as impress upon diseases a different course from
that natural to them. It is the antithesis to the
Medieiiia expectans. Much evil has resulted from
such treatment, especially in febrile diseases.
PERTUS'SIS, from per, and tnssis, 'a cough,'
'a violent cough.' Timsis jeri'na seu conrnlsi'va
seu pu'eros St rang'ulaiis sea qiiintn sea stomaeha'-
lis seu an'he/a clamo'sa seu strini'f/ii/aiis seu de-
lax'sans seu sii/'/ocaiis seu umpheiiier' ina seu tiis-
siculo'sa seu spasmod' ica seu asini'na seu caiii'na,
Brunchi'tis convidsi'.va, Brniichneepfiali'tis, Pneit-
eii 2>ertiis'sis, Amphemer'inn, Orthoptue'n tnssicu-
lo'sa sou eliniyo'sa seu siiffoeati'va seu clamo'sa
seu spnsmiid'iea, Jforbiis Uucul'lus seu cncnlla'-
rls, Ckcu'Ius, Bechorthnpiice'a, Bex convidii'va seu
therlo'dcs, Hooplng-coiii/h, Wliooping-coiif/h, Ckin-
cnitgh, Kincoii/fh, Eiiid-coiii/h, (Germ. Kind, 'a
child,') (Sc.) kiiik-linst, (Prov.) Kinkhaiist, (F.)
Ciiqnelnche, Catarrhe ou Bronchite coiividsire,
Tniix convidaire ou quinteiise ou bleiie, Maladie
ciiculaire. A violent convulsive cough, returning
by fits, (F.) Qitintes, at longer or shorter inter-
vals; and consisting of several expirations, fol-
lowed by a sonorous inspiratiim or whnnp. The
fits of coughing generally recur more frequently
during the night, morning, and evening, than in
the day. It is esteemed to be contagious, and
attacks the young more particularly. It is rare
for it to atl'ect an individual for the second time.
The duration is various. — six or eight weeks or
more. Although the paroxysms are very violent,
it is not a dangerous disease. It may, however,
give rise to other affections, as convulsions, ptieti-
monia, <tc., when the complication is very dan-
gerous, as the cause cannot be removed. Those
children suffer the least, who evacuate the con-
tents of the stomach during the fit. In the treat-
ment, all that can be done is to palliate. It must
be borne in mind, that the disease will, in time,
wear itself out. If there be such tensive j);iin
of the head, or fever, bleeding may be required,
but it is seldom necessary. Narcotics occasion-
ally afford relief, but it is temporary. Gentle
emetics, given occasionally, when the paroxyt^ms
are long and dry, give decided relief, and aid iu
the expectoration of the moroid secretions. After
the disease has continued for some weeks, and
persists in part from habit, change of air is essen-
tial, and this, even should the change be to an
atmosjihere that is less pure.
PERU, see Lima.
PERUNCTIO, Inunction.
PERVENCHE, Vinca minor.
PERVER'SION, Perver'sio, from per and rer-
tere, versitm, 'to turn.' Dias'tmphe, Diastrem'-
ma. One of the four modifications of function in
disease: the three others being augmentation,
diminution, and abolition. The humourists nsdl
this term also to designate disorder or morbid
change in the fluids.
PERVERSION DE LA TJ&TE DES OS
ET DES MUSCLES. Loxarthrus.
PERVIGILIUM, Insomnia, Coma vigil.
PES, genitive Pedis, touj, iroioq, hhniis, (Sc.)
Fit, (F.) Pied, 'the/()o^' The inferior extremity
of the abdominal member, representing a bony
arch, an elastic vault, which transmits the weight
of the body to the ground. It is divided into
three parts; — the tarsus, metatarsus, and tnes.
Pes ALEXA.NDitiNi's, Anthemis pyrethrum — p.
Anserinus, Chenopodium bonus Ilenricus. Facial
nerve — \). Cati. Antennaria Dioica — p. Equinus,
Pes equinus, see Kyllosis — p. Hippocampi inajnr,
Cornu ammonis — p. Hippocampi minor. Hippo-
campus minor — p. Hippopotami major, Cornu
ammonis — p. Hippopotami minor, Cornu ammo-
nis— p. Leonis, Alchemilla.
PESANTEUR, Weight — ^. Specifique, Gra-
vity, specific.
PESE-ACfDE, Acidometor— ;:>. Z/jHeiir, Are-
ometer— /). Sirop, Saccharometer.
PESETTE, Cicer arietinum.
PESSAIRE, Pessary — p. Intra-uterin, Pessary,
intra-uterine.
PES'SARY, Pessa'rium, from Tr£<r(TOf, 'a small
stone ; a pessary,' Pessns, Pessiim, Pes'suhis,
Penicil'lus, Talus. Nod'nlus vteri'nus, Supposito'-
riiim uteri'iiinn, Glaus, Levinis'cua, (F.) Pessaire.
A solid instrument, composed of cork, ivory, or
elastic gum, which is introduced into the vagina
to support the uterus, in cases of prolapsus or
relaxation of that organ ; to keep vaginal hernia
reduced, &c. The ancients made use of medi-
cated pessaries, which they distinguished into
emollient, astringent, aperient, Ac, and they are
still used. The form of pessaries is very va-
riable ; — round, oval, <fcc., according to circum-
stances.
Pessary, Egyptian, iEgyptius pessus.
Pessary, I.ntra-u'terixe, Stem pessary, (F.)
Pessaire iufra-uterin, Rcdresseur uterin. An in-
strument for rectifying uterine displacements —
as anteversion and retroversion, consisting of a
stem which is introduced into the uterus; this
stem is attached to a flattened ovoid bulb or ball,
on which the cervix uteri rests. — Connected with
this is an external part or wire frame, which is
attached, at one extremity, to a flat tubular por-
tion, passing into the vagina, to be fixed to the
intra-uterine portion. The wire frame is made to
PESSULUS
00
PETROUS
press upon the pubis, so that the pessary ciin be
kept iu position in idero. This is essentially the
intra-uterine pessary of Professor Simpson of
Ediniiur^h.
Pkssaky, Stem, Pessary, intra-uterino.
PESSULUS, Pessary, Penis.
PESSUM. Pessary.
PESSUS, Pessary. •
PEST. Plague.
PESTE, Plague — p. Aiitonine, Plague of An-
toninus— p. d'Atheiies, Plague of Athens — p.
A'oire, Death, blacli.
PESTICHI^, Petechiae.
PESTICI^, Petechia!.
PES'TILENCE, Pextilen'tia, Pei,til'ita«, from
pesti-i, 'a pest.' A malignant spreading disease;
— applied especially to plague.
Pestilkxce, Choleiuc, Cholera spasmodioa —
p. Glandular, Plague — p. llajmagastric, Fever,
yellow — p. Septic, Plague.
PESTI1>ENT-\V0RT, Tussilago petasites.
PESTILENTIA, Plague — p. Haemagastrica,
Fever, j'ellow.
PESTILENT'IAL, PeHtilentla'Hs, Pestilentia'-
rius, Pcstiloilio'sns, PefitHen'tnn, (F.) Pesliloitiel.
Relating or appertaining to a pest or plague.
Pentilcntial diseases are those that bear some re-
semblance to the plague in respect to mode of
propagation, symptonis, danger, &c.
PESTILITAS, Plague.
PESTIS, Plague — p. Acutissima, Plague — p.
Adeno-septica, Plague — p. Americana, Fever,
yellow— p. Antoniniana, Plague of Antoninus — p.
Bellica, Typlius — -p. Britannica, Sudor Anglicus
— p. Bubonaria orientalis, Plague — p. Contagiosa,
Plague — p. Glandulosa, Plague — p. (ilossanthrax,
Glossanthrax — p. Inguinaria, Plague — p. Inter-
tropica. Fever, yellow — p. Nigra, Death, black —
p. Occidentalis, Fever, yellow — p. Orientalis,
Plague — p. Septica, Plague — p. Variolosa, Va-
riola.
PESTLE, Pilum — p. Spring, see Pilum.
PET. Fiirt.
PETALE, Phtheiriasis.
PETASITES, Tussilago petasites — p. Hybri-
da, Tussilago petasites — p. Major, Tussilago pe-
tasites— p. Officinalis, Tussilago petasites — p.
Rubens, Tussilago petasites — p. Vulgaris, Tussi-
lago petasites.
PETAU'HUM. A seat suspended by ropes, in
■which a person taking the exercise sat, and was
tosse<l about bv assistants. — Juvenal and Martial.
PETE'CHIiE, Petlc'iilcR, Peaticli'icE, PeshVim,
Piincti'c'iiln, Pnr'pnra malig'iid, Por'phyra GrcB-
cn'rum, (F.) Petechiea. Small spots, similar in
shape and colour to flea-bites, which occur spon-
taneously upon the skin, in the course of severe
fevers, &c. They are, under such circumstances,
signs of great prostration.
Prtkciii^ sine Frbhe, Purpura simplex.
PETE'CHIAL, Peteehla'lh ; same etymon.
Resembling or accompanied by petechiae.
PETECHIAL SCURVY, Purpura simplex.
PETECIIIANOSIS, Purpura haemorrhagica.
PETER'S PILLS, Pilulse Aloes et Cambogife
— p. Worm lozenges, see Worm lozenges, Sher-
ninn's.
PETICUL.E, Petechiae.
PETIGO, Impetigo.
PETIXA. Sole.
PETIOLU.S, PediohiH, diminutive of pen, 'a
foot. A footstalk or leafstalk of a plant. A
petiole.
Petiolus Epiglottidis. The root of the Epi-
glottis.
PETioi.trs Mallet, Manubrium mallei.
PETIT A/IGEXT, Platinum— jp. Cnnrier,
Influenza — p. Lnit, Serum lactis — p. Lnif d'lloff-
niann, Serum lactis Iloffmanni — jt- ^lul, see
Eiiilepsy — j). Sus-maxUlo-hiltal, Levator unguli
oris.
PETITE-POSTE, Influenza.
PET/TS-LAITS, see Serum lactis.
PETR.ELEUiM, Petroleum.
PETR^EUM, Solidago virgaurea.
PETRAPIUM, Rubon Mucedonicum.
PETREOLE, Petroleum.
PETUEUX, Petrous— p. On, see Temporal
bone.
PETRO DEL PORCO, Bezoar of the Indian
porcupine.
PETROLE, Petroleum.
PETRO'LEUM, Peirolm'nm, Pefra'kiim.PelrcB
oleum, Ritit'men Petrulevm, PisHcla;' um Jii'dicuiii,
Rock Oil, Petroleum Boihaden'Ke, RoiituloeH Tar,
(F.) Petrole ou Petreole, from Trtrpos, 'rock,' and
cXaiov, 'oil.' A bituminous substance flowing
spontaneously from the earth, in various parts of
the world; of a fetid odour, and bitter, acrid
taste. It is semi-liquid, tenacious, sonii-trans-
parent; of a reddish-brown colour; insoluble in
water and alcohol; combines with fixed and
essential oils and sulphur: and is partially solu-
ble in ether. The jjetroleum found at (Jabian,
near Beziers, in France, has been called Oleum
Giihia'num, (F.) J/uile de Gultiau, Pelroleiim
ruhrnm. It has been given as an excitant ex- '
pectorant; and, mixed with tincture of assafoe-
tida, in tapeworm. It is, also, used externally in
chilblains, chronic rheumatism, affections of the
joints and skin, and paralysis.
New York Petroleum, called Scu'eca Oil, is
used externally in similar cases.
Petroleum Barbadense, Petroleum.
Petroleum Sulphura'tum, Prd'samum Sul-
pliurin Barbiideil'se, — (Composed of petrol, Rar-
bad. ^xv}, /lor. Sulph. "^'w) has been used as a
pectoral; and as a detergent to ulcers. It has
been accounted antispasmodic and sudorific.
Dose, gtt. X. to XXX. Externally, it is used as a
stimulant and discutient.
PETRO-OCCIP'ITAL, Petro-oeeipit(dis. Be-
longing to the petrous portion of the temporal
bone and to the occipital bone.
Petro-Occipital Suture is formed by the
junction of the petrous portion of the temporal
with the occipital bone. It is a deep groove
separating the bones, which have between them
a thin laver of cartilage. «
PETRO -SALPIN'GO-PHARYNGEUS. A
fleshy fasciculus, which extends from the sphe-
noid bone, from the petrous portion of the tem-
poral bone, and from the Eustachian tube to the
upper part of the pharynx. See Constrictor.
PETRO - SALPINGO - STA PlI YLINUS, Cir-
cumflexus — p. Salpingo-staphylinus, Levator pa-
lati — p. Stiiphyliu, Levator palati.
PETRO-SPIIENOID'AL, Petro-nplienoidn'lin.
Belonging to the petrous portion of the temporal
bone and to the sjihenoid bone.
PETRO-SPHENOinAL SuTURE; — a namc given
to the small suture which is formed by the ante-
rior edge of the petrous portion of the temporal
bone and the posterior edge of the sphenoid.
PETROSAL, Petrous.
PETROSELINUM, Apium petroselinum — p.
Macedonicum, Biihon Macedonicum. .
PETROSUM, OS, see TemporaL
PETROUS, Petro'sus, Petro'Kid, (F.) Pttrenx,
Pxerretix, from viTpa, and Trerpos, ' a Stone.' Re-
sembling ptone; having the hardness of stone.'
Relating or belonging to the petrous portion of
the temporal bone.
Petrous Gan'glion, Petro'unl Gonfjlion, Gun-
gliov of Aiider»rh, is formed by the glosso-pha-
ryngcal nerve, shortly after it emerges from the
PETUM
701
PHAGEDENIC
jugular fnsfa. From this ganjclion, M. Jacobson
of Copciihiigen tractd an anastomosing loop
through tlie cavity of the tympanum, which left
hranc'hes there, and was theneo reflected down-
wards to join the Vidian nerve. — See Otic Gan-
glion. This has been called the Nnrve of Jocoh-
fiii, Ti/iiipi(ii' ic bntiuh of the rjloHxo-phitryuyeal,
and the inosculation, Jiicobsou'n AiKtilrniii/Kls.
PKiiioiis Portion op Tkmporal Bonk, see
Teniponil Bone — p. Process, see Temporal Bone.
Pkthohs Si'nuses, Petro'nid Sinitsen, are two
venous sinuses of the dura mater, connected with
the petrous portion of the temporal bone, and
distinguished on each side, into : — 1. The supe-
rior petrDniil Hinns. It arises from the cavernous
sinus; follows the upper edge of the petrous por-
tion which affords it a gutter; passes into the
groat circumference of the tentorium cerebelli,
and opens into the lateral sinus whore the latter
experiences a bend near the base of the pars pe-
trosa. Its form is triangular. 2. The infevUir
petrontil iiiniis arises from the cavernous sinus at
the same point as the last, with which it commu-
nicates at the moment of its origin. It descends
between the inferior edge of the pars petrosa and
the basilary process; and terminates in the late-
ral siiuis, at the sinus or gulf of the internal ju-
gular vein. It is triangular, and broader at its
e-xtrcniities than at the middle,
PRTUM, Nicotiana tabacum.
PE TUN, Nicotiana tabacum.
PI'lUCE, Pinus sylvestris.
PEUCEA BALSAMEA, see Pinus abies.
PEUCED'ANUM, from irevKn, 'the pine tree,'
its leaves resembling those of the pine; P. offi-
cinit'le seu alnnt' iciim sou nltiH'Himum seu panicit-
hi'tnm sou ternn't\im, SeH'nwn penced'nnnm, 3fnr'-
othrum 8i/!i>eit'tre, 3f<tr(tthrnph)/l'Iiim, Pinanfel'liim,
Firnic' itJnm porci'num, fioituH Ge'iii'ns, Hoq'a Fen-
nel, Snlpliiil-wnrt, (F.) Petiredan, Queue de Pvur-
ceait, Fennnil de Pore. Ord. Umbelliferae. Sex.
Si/Kt. Pontandria Digynia. The root has a strong,
fetid smell — somewhat resembling that of sul-
phureous solutions — and an acrid, unctuous,
liitierish taste. It has been recommended as
aiililiysterio and nervine.
PEUcunANUM Ai.sATiciTAf. Pcuccdanum — p. Al-
tissiinum.Peueedanum — p.Officinale,Peucedanuin
— ]). Oi'eoselinum, Athamanta aureoselinum.
Pkucedan(im Palus'tiik, Tlii/K/ie'liiim seu
SeWniim palits'tre, Seliitnm si/li>es'tre seu thysse-
11' num. seu lactes'ceim, Thijuneli'iium, OhnWium,
Jfdmh aeH'num, a European plant, has been re-
commended as an anti-epileptic. In Courland, it
has been a famous remedy in epilepsy.
Pkitcrdanum Paniculatu.h, Peucodanum — p.
Pratense, P. silaus.
PkuckdANUM Si'lAi's, P.praten'i?. SeR'e/i prn-
ten'ne. Slum seu Litjus'ticum seu Onid'him sil'iiih,
Sit.rif'riiria vulr/a'rin seu An'ijh'ca, Hippomnr'-
olhrnin, Faenio' idum er'rntictim, English or Meadoxo
Sixx'ifrnge, (F.) Se.s4li des pres. The roots,
leaves, and seeds have been recommended as
aperients, diuretics, and carminatves. liarely
used.
PE^ICKDANu^f Trrnatum, Peucedanum.
PEUPLIER, Vopwlxis—p. Bnumier, Fagnra
octandra"— p. de la Caroline, Fagara octandra —
p. Franc, Populus — j} Noir, Peucedanum.
PEXrS, Concretion.
PEY'EIII aLAN'DULiE. Pey'eri Plexus glnn-
dnlo'ni. Gland' id(P, Pci/erid'no! seu muco'sfp. coatj-
minn'l(P seu arjniina'l(P seu mnrip'arw racema'tim
conrjei'lm inteslino'rnni seu intrstina'/es ple.ri/or'-
mri seu spu'ricP, Corpnx'enla glandida'rnm si-
viU'ia, Oland'nlte in ntimrn enntjreqa'to' intentino'-
.rnm, Enterade'nes. Pet/er'a Glands, Aij'minated
or agijregatc glands. Small glands or follicles,
situate beneath the villous coat of the intestines,
called after Pejer, who well described them.
They are clustered together, (F.) Plaques de
Peyer, having a honey-comb appearance — Ph-.-
qnes gaufrees — and are extremely numerous.
They occur most numerously in the lower portion
of the ileum, and resemlde, in their morphology
and functions, the lymjjhatic ganglions. They
are, evidently, concerned in the great function of
lymphosis.
PEZA, ir£^<j, Doric and Arcadiafl for ttov^, 'a
foot.' The foot : according to some, the sole of the
foot; and to others, the astragalus. The ankle.
PEZI'ZA seu PEZE'ZA AURICULA, from
irti,a, 'the sole of the foot,' Tremell'a auric' nla
Jud(B, Auricula JudcB, Auricula'ria sanihu'ci sen
samha'cina, Exid'ia auric'ula Jndm, 2feru'liu.i
auric'ula, Fungus sanibu'cinus, Agar' icns Auric'-
nlcB forrnd, Jew's Ear. Ord. Fungi. This fun-
gus is said to be astringent; but has chiefly beea
used as a gargle in relaxed sore throat.
PFEFFEKS or PFAFFERS, MINERAL
WATERS OF, ThermcB Piperi'nee, Th. faba'-
ri(B. These springs, which are in tlie Swiss Alps,
are simply thermal : temperature 100° of Fah-
renheit.
PHAGE, Pha'cea, Phacns, (jjaKrj. 'a grain of
the lentil,' Ervum lens. Also, chloasma; the
crystalline lens; and a flask for the application
of heat, so called owing to its flattened lens-like
shape.
PHACELLUS, Fascicnlus.
PIIACELUS, Fasciculus.
PFIACIIYMRNITIS, Phacohyraenitis.
PHACI. Epheli.les.
PHA'CICUS, Phaco'tns, Phaco'des ; from <paKrj,
'lens.' Lens-shaped, lenticular.
PHACI'TIS, PhacoYdei'tis, Lenfi'tia, Crystal-
li'tis, Oristallii'idi'tix, Gleni'tis, from (jjaKOf, 'a
lens,' and itis, a termination denoting inflamma-
tion. Inflammation of the crystalline lens [?].
Inflammation of the capsule of the lens is termed
Capii'lis, Capsuli'lif, and Crystal'lino-eaprndi'tis,
PHACO'DES, Phacicus.
PHACOIIYMENI'TIS. Phakomeni'tia, Phar.
hymeni'tia, Injlamma'tio cap'sulo", lenlls ; from
tpnuog, 'a, lens,' 'vjjltiv, 'a membrane,' and itis, de-
noting inflammation. Inflammation of the cap-
sule of the crvstalline.
PHACOIDEITIS, Phacitis.
PHACOMALACIA, Cataract, .soft.
PIIAC'OPIS. Phaeo'tua; from (i>axr,. 'lens,'
and Koirtq, 'a knife:' Sralpel'lum lenticnla'rc.. A
lenticular- shaped knife.
PIIACOPS'IS, from .;■«<";, 'lens,' and oi/;?. 'vi-
sion.' The state of one who has chloasma or
freckles on the face.
PHACOPTIS'ANA, Pha'cium : from ^aKn,
'lens.' and -KTtaavri, 'drink.' A drink of lentils.
A poulti'-p of lentils.
PHACOS, Ervnm lens.
PHACOSCOTOMA. Cataract.
PTIACOTUS, Phacicus, Phacopis.
PlIACUS, Phaee.
PH.TlNKiMUS. Phenigmus.
PII.FNOMRXOLOrtrA, Semeiology.
PH/ENOMENON, Phenomenon.
PHAG-FiXA, Boulimia.
PIIAGED/ENA, Boulimia. Phagedenic nicer—
p. Sloughing, of the mouth. Cancer aquaticus — p.
Ganirrftnosa, Hospital gangrene.
PHAGEDEX'IC, Phagedm'nicua, Depaa'cens,
(F.) Phagfileniqne, Rnngeant, from (/ni'/u. 'I eat.'
PHAGEnENIC Ul.rETl, Nome, Phagedfp.'na, Ulcus
depaa'cens set! obam'hulans seu feri'nnm, (F.)
Ulcere phagedenique ou rongennfe, is one whii-h
rapidly eats and corrodes the neighbouring parts.
Phagedcn'ic, in Materia Medica, is a substance
PHAKOHYMENITIS
02
PHARMACODYNAMICS
used for destroying fungous granulations in ul-
cers, &c.
PlIAIvOIIYMEXITIS, Phaoohyinenitis.
PlIALACRA, Calvities.
PIIALACROMA, Calvities.
PIIALACROSIS, Calvities.
PIIALACROTIS. Alopecia.
PHAL^XA PINGUINALIS, see Eetozoa.
PHALAIA. A barbarous term, employed by
Basil Valentine to designate a universal medicine
or panacea.
PHALAX'GAL, Phalan'gian, Phalnncfia'nus,
from (l>a\uY^, ipaXayyui, 'a, phalanx.' Having re-
lation to a phalanx.
PUALANGARTIIRI'TIS, {rom<pa\ay^,<pa\aY-
yoi, 'a piialanx,' ap$pov, 'a joint,' and itis, de-
noting inflammation. Gout in the fingers. In-
flammation of the joints of the fingers.
PHALANGE, Phalanx.
PHALANGES D£S DOIGTS, see Phalanx—
p. of the Fingers, see Phalanx — p. des Ortet/s,
see Phalanx — p. of the Toes, see Phalanx.
PHALANGETTES, see Phalanx.
PHALANGETTIEN. Professor Chaussier
uses this term for any thing relating to the third
phalanx of the fingers or toes, — P!)(t!<iiif/ien, for
what relates to the first, — and Phalanyinien, to
the second.
PHALANGTAN, Phalangal.
PHALAXG/Ey, see Phnlmirjettien.
PffALAXGINES, see Phalanx.
PHALANGINIEN, see Phahx,u,enien.
PHALANGIUM ESCULENTUM, SciUa es-
culenta.
PHALANGO'SIS, Hhpid'ltas, from 0«Xayf,
i^aXayyo;, ' a phalanx,' ' a row of soldiers.' An
affection of the eyelids in which the lashes are
arranged in two or three rows. See Trichinnls.
Also, dropping of the upper eyelid, from paralysis
of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle.
PHALANX, Plial'in'i/e, PhtiUtnfjo' ma. Same
etymon. A name given to the small bones which
form the fingers and toes, because placed along-
side each other like a phalanx. They are distin-
guished into the Plmlani/es of the fingers, Ossa
seu Ay'miii't seu A'cies seu Artie' uli seu Scntic'-
vla seu Scii'tulcp. seu Nodi seu Tntenio'dia seu
Scylcil'idei seu Con'dyli JJigitn'rum IfanAs ; and
the Ph'i!((iii/ef! of the Toex, Ossa seu Artie'uli seu
Jitenio'dia Dlgilo'niiti Pedis. I. Phaldiiges of
the fiiirjers, (F.) Phalanges des doigts. They are,
in each haml, fourteen, — three to each finger, and
t»vo to the thumb; and are situate one above the
other. They are distinguished, numerically, reck-
oning from the base towards the tip of the finger.
1. ThQ first ov metncnrpnt, Procoii'di/li, (F.) Pre-
liiieres phalanges ou Phalanges mStacarpiennes,
2. The second or middle jjhalanges, (F.) Secondes
phalanges ou Phalanges moijennes, Phalangines,
(Ch.) 3. The third phalanges. Jfefacon'ili/li, Phn-
1 in'ges tui'guium. (F.) Troisieines ]}halanges ou
J^halanges ungneales ou nngniferes ou unguinales,
Phalaiigettcs (Ch.), which terminate each finger,
and support the nail. II. Phalanges of the toes,
(F.) Phalanges des Orteils. They are the same
in number as those of the fingers, but much
smaller, and of a very different shape.
The phalanges of a finger or toe are united
with each other ; and the first with the metacar-
pal or metatarsal bone. They are developed
from two points of ossification ; one for the supe-
rior extremity, and the other for the body and
inferior extremity.
PHAL'ARIS CANARIEN'SIS. P. ova'ta,
(baXapoi — from 0aa), ' I shine,' — 'bright, shining,'
in application to the seed.) Cul'tivated Canary
Grass, (F.) Alpiste. Oct/. Gramineae. Sex. Syst.
Triandria Digynia. The seed of this grass,
Caiiarij seed, (F.) Grainea d'aspic, afford a nou-
rishing meaL The ancients recommended them
for allaying pains in the kidney and bladder.
PiiVLAitis ZiZANon)KS, An-lropogon niuricatus
PlIALLAL'GIA, Phallodyn'ia, (rotn 0aAo«,'
' the male organ,' and aXyoi, ' pain.' Pain in tlio
male organ.
PH.ALLANCYLOSIS, Chordeo.
PHALLI'TIS, Priapi'tis, from <l>a\\o(. 'the
male organ,' and itis, a suffix denoting infianiiuu-
tion. Inflammation of flie mule organ.
PHALLOCAMPSr.'^, Chordue.
PHALLOCARCINO'MA, from 0aAXof, 'the
male organ,' and KapKivufia, ' cancer.' Uarcinoiiiii
or cancer of the penis.
PIIALLODYNIA, Phallalgia.
PHALLON'CUS, from tpaWog, 'the male or-
gan,' and oyKos, ' swelling.' Tumefaction of the
male organ.
PHALLOPSOPH'IA, from ^.aWos, 'the male
organ,' and \j,o(pos, 'a noise.' Discharge of wind
from the male urethra.
PHALLORRHAG"IA, from ((.aXAoj, 'the male
organ,' and /)()yKi'//(, 'I break out.' Hemorrhage
from the male urethra. Stimatosis.
PlIALLORRIKEA, Gonorrhoea.
PIIALLORRHOiS'CHESrS, from ,/,«XAof, ' the
male organ,' pot^, ' discharge,' and lay^cii; "to with-
hold.' Sudden arrest of a gonorrhoenl discli<irgc.
PHALLUS, Penis — p. Esculentus, Morchella
esculenta.
PHANEROG'AMOIIS, Phanerogam' ie, Phane-
rogam'icns, (F.) Phanerogame, from ^'irtpot. (r/ina,
' 1 shine,') ' evident,' and yaiiog, ' marriage.' An
epithet used by Ijotanists for plants whose sexual
organs are apparent. Itis, consequently, the op-
posite to cryptogamons.
PIIANTASIA, Delirium, Imagination.
PHANTASM, Phantas'ma, Phanlo'ma, Phas-
ma, from (^avra^u, (^aivw, ' I bring to light,') ' I
make appear.' A phantom, false appearance, iip-
parition. Hallucination. Derangement of the
sense of sight or of the intellectual faculties,
causing objects to be perceived, which are not
before the eyes.
PHANTASMA. Pseudoblepsia.
PHANTASM ATICUS, Phantasticus.
PHANTASMATOSCOPIA, Metamorphopsia.
PHANTASMOSCOPIA, Metamorphopsia.
PHANTAS'TICUS, Inebriant. Creating phan-
tasms — phantasmat'icns.
PHANTOM, Fantom — p. Tumour, see Fantoin.
PHANTOMA, Phantasm — p. Obstetriciam,
Fantom.
PHARMACEIA, Poisoning
PHARMACEUM, Apotheca.
PHARMACEUS, Apothecary.
PHARMACEUTA, Apothecary.
PHARMACEU'TIC, Pharmacen'ticns, Phar-
maceu'tical, Pharmacentica'lis, (P.) Pharmaceu-
tique, from (papiiaKov, 'a medicine.' An epithet for
every thing belonging to pharmacy. Thus, we
say, Pharmacentical preparations, Ac.
PHARMACEUTICE, Pharmacy.
PHARMACEUTIST, Apothecary.
PHARMACIEN, Apothecary.
PHARMACOCATA(;RAP1I6lOG"IA, Cam-
graphohig"ia, Ars for'mnlas concinnan'di, from
^apjiaKov, 'a medicine,' Kara, 'beneath,' ypa<t>l, '»
writing,' and \oyo;, 'a description.' The art of
writing prescriptions. — .1. J. Pienck.
PHARMACOCHYMIA, Chymistry, pharni.v
ceutieal.
PHARMACODYNAM'ICS. from tpapitaKov, ' a.
medicine,' and ivvajAi;, ' power.' Pharmnr.ody-
nam'ice, Dynam'ical Materia Medico, Pharmnco-
dynitm'ica doctri'nn, Pharmaeodynamiolog"ia. A
division of pharmacology, which considers the
effects and uses of medicines.
PHARMACODYNAMIOLOGIA 703
PIIARYNGOGLOSSAL
rilAHMACODYNAMIOLOGIA. Pharmaco-
' I'lIARMAOOGNOS'IA, Aceoguos'in. Acoffnos'-
iVr, friiin ipannnKov,' a medicine,' and yvu»<nf, 'know-
ledge.' A division of pharmncolo^ry, which treats
of siinplos, or unprepared medicines.
PIIARMACOLOGIA, Materia mediea.
PIIARMACOMA'NIA. from ((.apixuKov. 'a me-
dicine,' and fiavta, ' mania.' One wlio has a ma-
nia for prescril)in<^ or for tailing medicine.
PlIARMACON, Poison.
PHARMACOPflE'LA, Phnrmncopre'a, Codex
medictimKnta'n'iis, (F.) Phnrmcicopee, from ijiap-
It'iKov, ' a mcdicrine,' and rrouoi, ' I make.' A work,
containing a collection of formuUc for the pre-
piiration, &c., of medicines: {generally j)ul)lishcd
by authority. Formerly, a chemical laboratory,
LiOi'ii-nto' ritim chi/m'icum seu phnrnincettt' icKtn.
P1IARMAC0P(EUS, Apothecary, Drug<,nst.
PHARMACOPOLA, Apothecary, Druggist.
PIIARMAUOPOLE, Apothecary, Dru-'.'ist.
PIIARMACOPOLI'UM, Apothe.'cfi, O'ffici'ua,
Titber'na Mcd'icn. The shop of the druggist or
apothecary, (F.) Apothicaircn'e, from (papjxaMv,
'a medicine,' and jrwAfcD, 'I sell.'
PHARMACOPOS'IA, from 4,apnaKov, 'a medi-
civie,' and iroirif, ' a potion.' A liquid medicine,
especially one that is cathartic.
PlIARMACO'SA MEDICAMRN'TA, from
(jiiioiiaKov, 'a i)oison.' Medicines that contain
poisonous substances. — Fallopius.
PHARMACOTIIE'CA, ^ap/^u-fo^v'";, from ,pap-
fiaxov, ' a medicine,' and ri^»;//i, ' I place.' A case
fur medicines. A medicine chest.
PIIARMACOTIIERAPI'A, from c>apiiaKov, and
Bcp'i^tia, ' treatment.' Cure of diseases by re-
medies.
PIIARMACTER, Apothecary.
PJIARMACUM, Medicament, Poison— p.
/Egyptiacum, iEgyptiacum — p. Amatorium, Phil-
ter.
Phar'macum ad Aures, uEgyp'tinm Medica-
vien'tnm ad Aitrcs. A name given to a medicine,
composed of bitter almonds, white pepper, saf-
fron, myrrh, opium, frankincense, castor, verjuice,
sulphate of iron, vinegar, poniegrannte-bark, iin-
guentuin nardinum, &c.. It was believed to be
useful for cleansing fetid ulcers in the ears.
PIIARMACURGTCUS, Apothecary.
PIIARMACURGUS, Apothecary.
PHAR'MACY, Phnniiaci'a, Pliarmocfu'li'ce,
Plinrmax'is, from (papiiaKov, 'a medicine.' The
art which teaches the knowledge, choice, preser-
vation, preparation, and combination of medi-
cines. It was formerlj' divided into Gnlen'icnl
and Chi/m't'cril. The former, called after Galen,
embraced the operations undertaken on medi-
cines without chymistry : — the latter, Chi/micctl
J'li'irninct/ or Pli<in»aceii't!c Clii/inintri/, Phariiia-
vnchi/in'iit, comprised the preparation of medi-
cines, founded on the chymical action of their
principles.
PilARMAXTS, Pharmacy.
PHARNA'CEUM LINEA'RR, called after
Pliarnaces, King of Pontus. A South .African
plant, iWit. Ord. Paronychiacciie, employed at the
Cape in pulmonary affections. It is generally
given in infusion.
PM A R US. Pharynx.
PIIARYtJATlIRON, Pharynx.
PHA1{Y(JET1IRUM. Pharynx.
PHARYNG.E'UM (SAL.), from pharynx,
})h 1 1 11/ III/ in. A compound of cream of tartar,
nitrate of potassa, burnt alum, and distilled vine-
'.f.w. It was formerly employed, united with
honey and plantain-water, to make gargles, which
were advised in quinsy.
PriARYXOE. Pharyngeal.
PIIARYNGE'AL, Pii,tii/iirfce'u^,{T.) PTiartjngf,
Phnnjtigien. Same etymon. That which relates
to the pharynx. A name given to the muscles,
vessels, and nerves of the pharynx.
Pharyngeal Arteries. These are two in
number. The one — superior or ptcri/i/ii-prihitine,
lianiiis Phoryngce'us siipe'rior of Haller — arises
from the internal maxillary at the base of the
zygomatic fossa, passes through the pterygo-
palatine canal, and proceeds to be distributed to
the pharynx and the corresponding part of the
Eustachian tube. The other — the inferior —
Pharynf/ce'n iiscen'dens of Haller — arises from
the external carotid, on a level with the facial.
It ascends along the lateral and posterior part
of the pharynx, and divides into two branches;
the one — the pharyn/jeal, properly so called — is
distributed to the pharynx ; the other — the «ie-
iiiiifjcal — gives its branches particularly to the
dura mater.
Pharyngeal Nerve. A branch sent by the
pneumogastric to the pharynx. It descends be-
hind the ititernal carotid; communicates with
the glosso-pharyngeal ; and divides, opposite the
middle constrictor of the pharynx, into a great
number of filaments, which anastomose, in a mul-
titude of different directions, with filaments of the
glosso-pharyngeal nerve, of the superior laryn-
geal branch, and of the first cervical ganglion.
These different nervous filaments united consti-
tute the phfiryiu/eol ji^f^xus, the irregular meshes
of which send numerous ramifications to the
pharynx.
PlIAItYNGRAL A^OTOR, SGC A''oice.
PHARYNGEMPIIRAX'IS, from <papvyl cpa-
jjuyyos, ' the pharynx,' and e/i0pa|i{, ' obstruction.'
Obstruction of the pharynx.
PHARYNGETIIRON, Pharynx.
PHARYNGEURA'SMA, Pharyngocele.
PIIARYNGICUS, Pharyngeal.
PHAR rXGIEN, Pharyngeal.
PHARYNGITE, Cynanche pharyngea — p.
Tonsillaire, Cynanche tonsillaris.
PHARYNGITIS, Cynanche pharyngea.
Pharyngitis Atostemato'sa. Abscess of the
pharynx.
Pharyngi'tis, Diphtherit'ic, Angi'na pseiido-
membrniia'cea seu memhrana'cea seu pellicida'ris
seu plas'tica seu diphtherit'ica seu walig'un seu
pseitdo-menihrano'iio seu pestilentio'lix, Pharyii-
gnc'ace, Pseudo-meriihriivons InJIammatioii of the
Throat, (F.) AiUjine cotienneiise ou gntttirale cou-
eiineuse ou 2>^<^i'do-membra)ieu>ie ou plastiqiie ou
diphtheritifjiie. From pharynx, and itis, denot-
ing inflammation. Diphtheritic inflammation of
the pharynx. See Cynanche maligna.
Pharyngi'tis, Foliac'vlah, Fol/icidor Inflam-
mntion of the Pharynx, Angi'na follicd/o'sn of the
Pharynx, Acne of the Throat. Inflammation and
enlargement of the follicles of the pharynx, oc-
casionally extending to the larynx. Sometimes
termed Olergyman'H Sorethroat, Tubercles if the
Zaryiij.- and Fauces, and Tuber'eular Sorethroat.
Pharyngi'tis, Gangrenous, Cynanche ma-
ligna.
PHARYNGOCACE, Pharyngitis, diphtheritic.
PHARYXGOCE'LE, Pharyngeurys'mn, Di-
vertic'nlum seu Hernia seu Protnp'sus (Fsoph'agf.
seu pharyn'gis, CEsoph'agus snccentnria'tus, from
if-apvy^. <fiapvYyo(, 'the pharynx,' and Kri^x;, 'a,
tumour.' An enlargement at the upper part of
the sjullet, in which the food sometimes rests in
considerable quantity.
PHARYNGODYN'IA, from ipapvyl, ipapvyyoi,
'the pharynx,' and oSvvri, 'pain.' Pain in the
pharvnx.
P il A R Y NGOGLOSS'AL, G/ossopharynge'al,
Phnryngoglossia' nus. That which belongs to the
pharynx and tongue.
PuARYXGOCLOSSAL Nerte, Glossopharyngeal
niARYNGOGRAniY
04
r II E N I G M U S
yefve, LiiKpia'lia hitern'l'm, (F.) Nerf GlosKophn-
rynijlfu, PhariincjotjlunHicn — a portion of the
eighth pair — arises t'ruin the superior and hiteral
parts of the spinal marrow, between the facial
ami pneuniogastric nerves, by several filaments,
wliicli soon unite into a single cord, that passes
out of the cranium by the foramen laceruin ante-
rius ; goes downwards and forsvards, and gains
the posterior and inferior part of the tongue.
Immediately after its exit from the cranium, it
gives a branch to the meatus auditorius externus,
and receives a filament from the facial, and
another from the pneuniogastric nerve. It then
furnishes two other filaments, which descend
upon the carotid artery, and unite at the bottom
of the neck with branches from the cervical gan-
glions and cardiac nerves, and give two filaments
to the styln-pharyngeus muscle. The glossopha-
ryngeus, after sending a twig or two to the tonsil,
to the upper part of the pharynx and membrane
of the epiglottis, divides into many branches
which run partly to the margin, and partly to the
middle of the root of the tongue; supplying,
especiallj', the papillae majores, and the parts in
their neighbourhood.
By some, this nerve is regarded as the controller
of the associated motions of the tongue and pha-
rynx. By others, it is esteemed to be the special
nerve of gustation.
PHARYNUOG ' RAPIIY, Pharyngnfjra'phia,
from ipapvy^, (papvyyoi, ' the J)harj'nx,' and ypntprj,
'a description.' An anatomical description of
the pharynx.
PIIARYNGOL'OGY, PJianjngolof/'ia, from
^apvy^, (piipvyyos, 'the pharynx,' and }.oyos, 'a
discourse' The part of anatomy which treats
of the pharynx.
PHARYNGOLYSIS. Pharyngoplcgia.
PIIARYxNGOPARALYSrs", Pharyngoplegia.
PIIARYNtJOPLE'tJIA, from (pf^vy^, >p<ipvyyos,
'the pharynx,' and rXi/irtru, 'I strilie.' Dj/npha'-
gia piirabjt'icii seu tor'jiidn seu nton'ica, Aiiyi'nn
2}<iroli/t'ieri, A>itheiii'tt De<iliititii>'nin, P/iaryiir/ol'-
ynin, P!inri/)iiji>piirriri/fin, Paral'ysiH (EmKjph'iKjl,
Giilcp liiihecil'littis. Paralysis of the pharynx or
oesophagus : commonly a symptom of general
paralysis, or of approaching dissolution.
PIIARYNOORRHAO'TA; from ipapvy^, <pa-
puyyof, 'the pharynx,' and puytj, 'rupture.' Ilge-
morrliage from the vessels of the pharynx.
PHARYNUOSPAS'MUS,from0«pi>yf0„/)uyyof,
'the ijharyrix.' and oiraaiios, 'spasm.' Spasm or
cramp of the pharynx.
Pir A R Y N G OSTAPHYLINUS, Palato-pha-
ryngcus.
PHARYXGOrOME, Pharyngot'omvn, from
^apvy^, (papvyyiig, 'the pharynx,' and ti/ivu, 'I
cut.' An iiistniinent, invented by J. L. Petit,
used to scarify inflamed tonsils, and to open ab-
scesses, which form in the parietes of the pha-
rynx. It is composed of a long, narrow blade
with a lancet point, enclosed in a sheath or
canula of silver slightly curved. This instrument
is carried to the part to be cut, an<l the point of
the blade is made to pass out of the sheath, by
pressing on a button at the end of the pharyngo-
tome. A spring causes the blade to re-enter as
soon as the pressure is removed.
PIIARYNGOT'OMY, Pharyngotom'ia ; same
etymon. Some authors have used this word
synonymously with oesophagotomy. It means,
also, scarification of the tonsils, or an incision
made for opening abscesses there, Ac.
PJIARYNX, fi'piy^, Phiirynx, (papv^, Phariis,
Githt, Latmnx, Fnnces, Plmvyg' ethrnm, Pharyn'-
gethron, Pliaryn'r/ethron, Phnryqnthrnn, fith'nioR,
Islh'minn, luf/lii'vies, Princip' linn Gidcp, On pun'-
tenon, Giirges, (F.) Arriere-hoitrhe. Gnuier, Gorge.
A Species of musculo-membranoas, symmetrical
canal, on the median line, irregularly fiinnd-
shapcd. .•mil situate between the b.ase of the cra-
nium and the oesophagiis, in front of the vcrlu-
bral column. It is very narrow above; but
dilates in the middle, and again contracts below,
at its junction with the oesophagus. Into the an-
terior paries of the pharynx ojien, successively,
from above to below, — the posterior orifices of iho
nasal fossa) ; the Eustachian tubes ; the posterior
aperture of the mouth, and the top of the larynx.
The pharynx is formed, externally, of a muscu-
lar coat, and, internally, of a mucous membrane,
which is continuous, above, with the Sihiicider-
ian membrane; and in the middle, witli that of
the mouth ; below, with that of the a>sophagus;
and, at the sides, with that of the Eustachian
tubes. This membrane has no villi, and presents
only a few inequalities, which are owing to the
presence of muciparous f(dlicles. The niuscnhir
coat of the pharj'nx is composed of the constric-
tor muscles, stj'lopharyngei, and pharyngosta-
phylini. The vessels and nerves are called pha-
i-yiigeal. The pharynx serves as a common
origin for the digestive and resjiiratory passages.
It gives passage to the air, during respiration;
and to the food at the time of deglutition.
Pn.vnvNX, Foi.LicuLAu Inflammation of the,
Pharyngitis, follicular.
PIIARYX, Pharyn.x.
PHASELUS. Phaseolus
PIIASE'OLUS, (paarj^ni, (jiaarjo^os, (jiaato^oi, P,
Viilga'ris, Phani'vlun, J'hose'hiH, Fune'liin, Ftiae'-
ohiK, J](»ia, liooiKt, Foha ; Kidney Peon; French
Bean ; (F. ) Faaeah, Haricot. Ocf/. Leguniinosa?.
Ser. Synf. Diadel|)hia Decandria. When young
and well boiled, this is easy of digofion, and
delicately flavoured. It is less flatulent than
the pea.
PiiASKOLiT.s CnKTicus, Cajnn, Cnyiin. A de-
coction of the leaves, according to Ray, restrains
the hemorrhoidal flux when excessive.
PilASKOLTT.s Vui.GARis, Phaseolus.
PHASIA'NUS GALLUS, so called from the
river, ij>iicr(s, in Colchis, near the Black Sea: (F.)
Coq. The parts of generation of the cock, dried
and pulverized, were formerly regarded as (iroper
for increasing the quantity of semen. The fiit
was used as emollient and resolvent; the brain,
in diarrhoea; the gall, in freckles and diseases of
the eves. These phantasies are now abandoned.
PlIASIOLUS, Phaseolus.
P'llASMA, Phantasm.
PllATNE, Alveolus.
PIIATNION. Alveolus.
PHATNORR]IAG"IA, Stomotorrlini/'ia al-
veola'rum, from (pnTviov, 'an alveolus,' and priyyvpt,
'I break forth.' Hemorrhage from the alveoli.
PHAUSIN'GES, cpavaiyya, plural of tpuvciyl,
from ipuv^io, ' I roast.' Spots or blisters on the
legs, produced by heat; and, in a more extensive
signification, by any other cause. Also, a jius-
tule. — Focsius.
PHELLANDRE, Phcllnndrium aqn.-itirum.
PHELLAN'DRIUM AQUAT'ICyM, rhellmi.
drium, CEnan'tlie phellnn'drivm seu oqnat' Iva, Li-
gni'tictim phellaii'drinm, Fanic' idtnn aqnat'iciini,
Civuta'rin aqniitica, Water Fennel, Fine-leaved
Water Hemloeh, (F.) Pliellandre, Fenonil d'eau,
eigne d'eau, Millefeuille aqnatiqne. Ord. Uni-
belliferoe. Sei: Syst. Pentandria Digynia. This
plant is stimulant and narcotic. It has been
used in intermittents and dyspepsia. It has, also,
been given in phthisis pulmonalis, and in cases
of scrofulous atonic ulcers.
PHENE. Benzole.
PnEXIG'MUS./'//a'»ny/'niK»./'Aff/MV/'wi(«,frnm
^oii'i?, 'red.' PrdJavndiee. A cutaneous offec-
tion, consisting of redness diffused over the skin,
without fever. Sauvages makes it a genus of Lis
niEXOM^kXE
705
PHLEGM
order Icteriiicc. Also, the act of irritating a part
by a stiinuiating application.
I'll END M^yE, Phenomenon.
PHENOM'ENON, I'hannm' cnon, (F.) PMno-
nieiie, from tpaivotim, ' I appear.' An extraordi-
nary and unexpected event. In Mcdivine, it
ineana any change, a|)iireciable by our senses,
whicli supervenes in an organ or function: — as
the phciitimeiKi, of the circulation, resi»iration, &c.
It is used iu pathology, synonymously with
symptom.
PlIENYLE, IIYDRURET OF, Benzole.
PIIEUGOPIIOUIA, Hydrophobia.
PIIEUGYDUON, Hydrophobia.
PIII'ALA, A Phial, or Vi„l. (F.) F!ole, <pia>.n,
^u\v< 'a vessel with a broad bottom.' A small
bottle, in which apothecaries are in the habit of
sending out their mixtures, draughts, <fec. : hence
called Mf'd'icliie Viuh, (¥.) Fioles d Medeciiie.
They arc usually sold in grosses, and assorted
into vials of oz. 8; oz. 4; oz. 3; oz. 2; oz. IJ; oz.
1; and oz. ^.
PHILADYNAMICA, Debilitants.
PHILANTIIROPUS, Galium aparine.
PIIILETKUN, Philter.
PlIILETKUM, Lacuna labii supcrioris.
PIIILIA'TER, I'lillia'troH, ^lAiarpoj, from
^iXtu, ' I love,' and uiTfliKtj, ' medicine.' An ama-
teur of medicine. One who studies medicine;
St ml ill' HUH null iii' HOP,.
PllILOBIO'SIS, (F.) Philohiosie : from ^lAtw,
*I love,' anil /3tuf, 'life.' The love of life.
PHILCE'NIA, from 0(>fui, 'I love,' and oivoi,
'wine.' Love of wine. Addiction to wine.
PHrLO(JYNIA, Miilielirositas.
PHILONIU.M LONOrNENSE, Confectio opiL
PniLOPATRIDALUIA, Nostalgia.
PHILOPATHIDOMANIA, No.stalgia,
PHILOSOPHER'S STONE, see Aichymy.
PHILOSOPIHA CORPORIS VIVI, Physi-
ology— P- llenuetica, Aichymy — p. per Ignem,
Chymistry.
PHIL'TER, from .^lAtw, 'I love.' PhiUmm,
Phil'etrou, Phile'tron, Phiir'iiiiiciim seu I'oc'-
uluiii amato'riiim, Amiito'riiiiii ve)iejic"ium, (F.)
Philtre. A medicine or drink considered capa-
ble of causing love.
PHILTRUM. Lacuna labii superioris.
PHILYRA, Tilia.
PIIFMA, Phyma.
PHIMOS, Capistrum.
PHIMO'SICUS. Relating to Phimosis.
Sauvages calls Ixchu'rin phimo'sica seu iire-
thra'lis d phi mo' si, the retention of urine which
depends upon phimosis.
PlIIMO'SIS, Phi/mi)'xis, Capistrn'tio, Epngo'-
gium, Ligatn'ra r/laudis, Stiictu'ra 2»''^P"'fi'\
Reduc'tio prcBpit'lii inipedi'tit, from ipt/ioo), 'I bind
tight.' A disease which consists in a preternatu-
ral narrowness of the opening of the prepuce, so
that it cannot be carried behind the corona glan-
dis. This affection is most commonly congenital.
Sometimes it is accidental, and dependent upon
tumefaction of the glans, or of the prepuce, as
occurs in syphilis. To remedy this state, the
prepuce may be divided by means of a bistoury
and director; or circumcision may be practised.
Phimosis Adnata seu Coxoknita seu Pukri-
Lis, Congenital phimosis — p. Circumligata, Para-
phimosis— p. Congenita, P. adnata.
Phimo'si.s Q^DKMATO'DES, Hydrophimo'nis.
Phimosis with cedeuiatous swelling of the pre-
puce.
Phimosis Puerilts. Ph. adnata.
PHLAS.MA. Contusion.
PHLEHARTERIODIALTSIS, see Aneurism.
PHLEBECTA'SIA, Phlcbec'lnsin, from if,Xc4,
0\«/Jo$, 'a vein,' and t/craais, 'dilatation.' Dila-
45
tation of a vein, or of a portion of a vein. —
Alibert.
PllLEnEGTTARCTIE. A mongrel terra,
from i^Xfi^, (p\e0of, 'a vein,' and arcto, 'I con-
tract.' Contraction of a vein.
PHLEBES. (Arteries.) See Artery.
PHLEBEURYSMA, Vari.x.
PHLEB'ION, diminutive of <p\t4', <p>ipos, 'a
vein.' A vein. — Hippocrates. A small vein, —
Ve'iiiihi.
PHLEBIS'MUS, from <p\c4,, <p)^il3„i;, 'a vein.'
A term employed by Dr. Marshall Hall for the
turgescence of veins, produced by impeded return
of the blood. See Trachelismus.
PHLEBI'TIS, Jtijlamtiia'lio vetia'rnm, (F.)
Phlebite, Jiififuiimntinu den veitiei, from liiXe^,
^Xel.'loi, 'a vein,' and itis, the termination for in-
flammation. Inflammation of the inner mem-
brane of a vein, Endo-plilebi'tis, which sometimes
follows blood-letting, and extends from the small
wound made in that operation to the neighbouring
parts of the venous system. The symptoms are,
first, inflammation in the punctured part; and.
afterwards, a knotty, tense, painful cord, follow-
ing the direction of the vessel, and accompanied
with more or less fever, according to the extent
of the inflammation, the nervous symj)toms, &c.
Phlebitis, also, sometimes supervenes on the liga-
ture or excision of varices ; after amputation,
gun-shot wounds, delivery ( Uterine Phlebitifi,
Lochi>-iiietro-phh'hi' tin, Metro-phi ehi' lis Jiiteipent'-
lin, Phlehi'tia uteri' iia, 3fetri'tin veiio'in), the
ligature of the umbilical cord, <fec. It may ter-
minate bj' resolution, suppuration, ulceration, or
gangrene.
Phlebitis, Criiral, Phlegmatia dolens — p.
Uterina, see Peritonitis, and Phlebitis.
PHLEBOG'RAPHY, Phlebogra'phia, from
<l>\cip, ^\ej3o;, 'a vein,' and ypa^j], 'a description.'
A descrijition of the veins.
PHLEB'OLITE, Phlehol'ithuiyVein stone, from
0X£\J/, ipXtfios, 'a. vein,' and Xifloj, 'a stone.' A
loose concretion, varying in size from that of a
currant to that of a pea, occasionally found in
the veins. It would seem to be formed in the
blood.
PHLEBOLITHUS, Phlebolite.
PHLEBOL'0(iY, Phleboloif'ia, from ^Xti^.
(pXtjSos, 'a vein,' and Xoyog, 'a discourse.' The
part of anatomy which treats of the veins.
PHLEBOPA'LIA, from 0Xci//, ipXijioi, 'a vein,'
and iriiXXo), 'I palpitate.' AVitb the ancients, ^)»/-
satio)t, which they conceived to be produced by
the veins. See Pulsus venarura.
PHLEBOPHTHALMOTOM'IA, Ophthalmo.
phlebotom'ia, from ipXei^, ipXelJog, 'a vein,' oipSaX-
lioi, 'the eye,' and rtiivu), 'I cut.' Blood-letting
in the eye.
PHLEBOPLEROSIS ECPHRACTICA, In-
flammation.
PHLEBORRHAG"IA, from <pXtip, ipXeUos, ' u
vein,' and ptiywfii, 'I break out.' Rupture of the
veins ; and, in a more extensive sense, venous
hemorrhage.
PHLEBORRHEX'IS, from (pXc^l,, il>Xci3os, 'a
vein,' and pr^s'S. 'rupture.' Ru|)ture of a vein.
Also, hemorrhage from a vein, Phleborrhiiii"i<i.
PHLEBOSTENO'SIS, from ipXi^^, ipXi'j3of, 'a
vein,' and nTtiidais, 'contraction.' Constriction or
contraction of a vein.
PHLEBOT'OMIST, from ipXiij,, ipXclSo;, 'a vein.'
and rffim), 'I cut.' A bleeder. One who prac-
tises particularly the art of phlebotomy. See
Blood-letting.
PlILEBOTOMITM, Fleam.
PHLEBOTOMY, see Blood-letting.
PHLEBS. Vein.
PIILEDOXIA, Delirium.
PHLEGM, Phleijma, ipXcyfa, Pitni'ta, Pil'uite,
niLEGMA NARIUM CRASSUM
0 0
PIILORIDZINE
MuciiH, Mother, (F.) Phlegme, Pitiiite. One of
the fi)ur natural humours of the ancients, which,
according to them, was cold and moist, as atra-
liilis was cold and dry. It predominated, espe-
cially, in winter.
Pitiiita was afterwards applied to every aque-
ous or excrementitious humour, such as the sa-
liva, nasal and intestinal mucus, serum, Ac. The
terms phlei/m and pitiiita are no louj^er used in
j)hysiol()gy, — the different humours having re-
ceived particular names; but the vulgar still use
],hlef/m to designate a stringy mucus, expecto-
riited. or rejected by vomiting. The ancient
chy mists gave the name 'phlegm' to aqueous,
insipid, and inodorous products obtained by sub-
jecting moist vegetable matters to the action of
PHLEGMA NARIUM CRASSUM, Nasal mu-
cus— p. Vitrioli, Sulphuric acid (very dilute.)
PHLEG'MAGOGUE, Phleqmago'gHS ; from
ij,\(.yiia, 'phlegm,' and ayto, 'I expel.' A medi-
cine, formerly believed capable of "cutting" or
removing phlegm.
PHLEGM.^PYRA, Fever, adeno-meningeal.
PHLEGMASIA, Inflammation, Phlegmon— p.
Adenosa, Adenitis — p. Alba dolens puerperarum.
Ph. dolens — p. Cellularis, Induration of the cel-
lular tissue — p. Glandulosa, Adenitis — p. Myoica,
Myositis — p. of the Peritoneum, Peritonitis.
PHLEGMA'TIA, from (pXcyna, <pXtyiJ.aTos,
'phlegm.' ffidema. Anasarca, Hydrops.
Phlkgma'tia. Dolkns, p. lac'ted seu dolens seu
'(/6a dolens seu Leucophlegniasia dolens seu Spar-
gtino'sis seu Scelal'gid seu CEde'mn p>ne)per<trnm,
Seelon'eus, Anasar' ea sero'sit, Eephy'mn ademnt'-
icnni, Ecchymo'ma lympliat'ivum, Is'chios a spar-
il'iHo'si, CEde'mn htctenm, Infnrc' tns lac'tei eutre-
iiiitu'tian, ]\fel(is'liisis lactis, Hysteral'gia gnlac'-
tiia, Hydroplilegma'sia te.rtiis ccllulo'si, Crural
J'hlehi'tis, White leg, Swelled leg, Milk leg. White
sirelling of lying in loomen, (F.) (Edeme des nou-
velles accoHchees, (Edeme doulenrenx des femmes
en eonche. Depot luilenx sitr la cuisse, (Edeme
iictif des uourellea aceonehecs, Enflure ou Engorge-
ment des jnmhes et des cnisses de la femme accoii-
thee, E. laiteu.c des memhres ahdominaux. It
occurs, for the most part, in the second or third
week after delivery: — is limited to the lower ex-
tremity, and chiefly to one side: exhibiting to the
touch a feeling of numerous irregular prominences
under the skin. It is hot, white, and unyielding;
and is accompanied, sooner or later, with febrile
excitement. After a few days, the heat, hard-
ness, and sensibility diminish, and the limb re-
mains oedematous for a longer or shorter period.
The disease frequently, if not generally, consists
in the obstruction of the iliac or other veins.
Owing to the pressure of the gravid uterus — the
flow of blood being obstructed — the serous part
of it is thrown out into the cellular membrane of
the limb. Sometimes the vein is found completely
obliterated.
The treatment consists in the use of antiphlo-
gistics : — the application of leeches or cupping-
glasses near the groin, fomentations to the limb,
<tc.-; and, when the active state has subsided, the
use of a roller, applied gently at first, but, after-
wards, gradually tightened.
Phlegmatia Lactka. P. dolens.
PHLEGMATI.E, see Empresma— p. Membra-
nopa> et parenehvmatosaj, Empresma.
PHLEGM AT'"lC, Phlegmat'icus, from -pXiyiia,
'phlegm.' Abounding in phlegm, — as the 'phleg-
iHOtic or hjinphatic temperament.'
PHLEGMATOCHEMY, see Chemistry.
PHLEGMATOPYRA, Fever, adeno-menin-
srcal.
" PHLEGMATORRHAC'IA, Phlegmntorrh(p'a,
CtUarrh, from (pXiyna, fXcyfuxTOi, 'phlegm,' and
ptoo, ' I flow.' Stahl and his partisans gave this
name to a copious secretion, by the nostrils, of a
limpid and thin mucus, without inflamninlion. It
is the Cory'za Phlegniatorrhag" ia of Suuvageg.
See Corvza.
PHLEGMHYMENITIS, Phlcgmymenilis.
PHLEGjMON, from ./.Xtyu, ' I burn.' I'tdogo'.
sis phleg'mone, Phleg' mone, Phlcgnia'sia, /iiceii'-
dinm, In/himma'tio, (Prov.) Beat. Inflamma-
tion of the areolar texture accompanied with red-
ness, circumscribed swelling, increased heat and
pain ; which is, at first, tensive and lancinating;
afterwards, pulsatory and heavy. It is apt to
terminate in suppuration. It requires the anti-
phlogistic treatment, until suppuration seems
inevitable, when the sujipuriition must be encou-
raged as the next favourable termination to
resolution. ^ ^
PHLEGMON PERTNEPIIRETIQUE, Pe-
riphrenitis— p. Peri-uterine, see Peri-uterine.
PHLEGMONE, Inflammation — p. Mammae,
Mastodynia apostematosa — p. Mastodynia, Mas-
todynia apostematosa — p. Parotidrea, Parotis —
p. Peritonaei, Peritonitis — p. Parulis, Parulis — p.
Musculorum, Myositis — p. Ventriculi, Gastritis.
PHLEGMONEUX, Phlegmonous.
PIILEtJMONODES. Phlegmonous.
PHLEtiMONOID. Phlegmonous.
PIILEG'MONOUS, Phlegmono'des, Phlrg'mo-
noid, (F.) Phlegmoneux, from tpXtyftovri, (^Xtyui,
' I burn.') 'a phlegmon,' and tiioj, ' resemblance.'
That which relates or belongs to or resembles
phlegmon.
Phlegmonods Inflammation is the active in-
flammation of the areolar membrane; in contra-
distinction to erysipelatous inflammation, or that
of the skin.
PIILEGMOPYRA, Fever, adeno-meningeal.
PlILEGMORRHAGIA, Rlennorrhoea.
PHLEGM on It HA GIE P ULMONA IRE,
Bronchorrhoea.
PIILE(iMORRH(EA, Rlennorrhoea.
PHLE(iMYMENI'TIS,/';//e(/m/n/»(e»i'^/»,from
•pXcyixa, 'phlegm,' 'v/ivv, 'a membrane,' and itis,
the termination for inflammation. Inflammation
of a mucous membrane.
Phlkgmymenitis Enterica, see Enteritis.
PIILEPS, Vein.
PHLOGIA, Inflammation.
PHLO(iICUS, Inflammatory.
PHLOtilSTIC. Inflammatory.
PHLOGISTICI, Empresma.
PHLOGISTON, Hydrogen.
PHLOGMUS, Verbascum thapsus.
PlILOGO'DES, from (/,Ao|, .pXoyoc, {<pXtyu>, 'I
burn,') 'flame,' and aioi, 'resemblance.' In-
Jla'med, Injhunma'tus, Injiammato'riiii, Iliflam-
matory. An epithet employed particularly to
exi)ress the red colour of the face.
PHLOGOGUS, Antiphlogistic.
PHLOGOPYRUS, Synocha.
PHLOGOSED, Inflamed.
PlILOGO'SIS, Tncen'dinm, Fnflammn'tion,hom
(jiXof, (^Xoyoi, 'flame.' Some writers use this word
exclusively for external inflammation — phleg-
mon ; others, for that which is superficial or ery-
sipelatous.
PIILOGOT'ICA, Inflammations. The second
order in the class Hasmatiea of Good.
PHLOIOS, Cortex.
PHLOMUS, Verbascum thapsus.
PHLOOS, Cortex.
PIILOR'IDZINE, Phloridzi'na, Phlnridzin,
from (pXooi, 'inner bark,' and pi^a, 'root.' The
bitter or active principle of the root and trunk
of the apple, pear, cherry, and plum tree. It n
deposited from the decoction on cooling; cryftnl-
lizes in silky spicula of a dead white colour when
I in masses, or in long slender prisms or tables,
PHLOUS
07
niOTOPSIA
when crystallized with care. 1000 parts of water,
nt a temperature of from 32° to 71°, only dissolve
about one part; but at from 70° to 212°, it is
dissolved in all proportions. It is very soluble
ill pure alcohol, but only slightly so in ether;
B. g. 1.42'J. It has been administered success-
fully in intermitteiits, — 10 to 20 grains being ge-
nerally re(iuired to arrest the paroxysm. It may
be given cither in the form of pill or powder.
I'HLOUS, Cortex.
PHLOX, Verbascum thapsus.
PIILYCT^'NA, Phhjvtep.'nig, Plihjvth, Phly-
zii'ciou, Ampull'a;, Ilolophlyc'lldee, Phhjc'tideH,
J'lili/Hin, from ^Xufw, ' I boil.' Tumours formed
by llie accumulation of a serous fluid under the
epidermis.
PIILYCT^NULA, see Hydatid.
PHLYC'TENOID, Phhjctenoi'des, from ^j/i/yc-
taiiia, and aSos, 'resemblance.' Resetnblino-
plilyctaenao. An epithet for a variety of herpes.
PIILYCTEN'ULAR. same etymon as Phlyc-
taena. Of or belonging to phlyctienula, — as
plili/cteiiHlar ophthalmia ; inflammation of the
eye, accompanied with phlyctaenulse on the
cornea.
PHLYCTIDES, Phlyctacna.
PIILY'CTID'IUM, same etymon. A circular
■ or annular spot of inflammation of the corium,
encircled by a red ring or zone, within which
suppuration takes place. The genuine small-pox
pustule, and that produced by the application of
tartar emetic ointment, are examples of it.
PHLYCTIS, Phlycticna.
PlILY'SIS, (pXvati, same etymon. A cutaneous
eruption. An ulcerative, subcutaneous tumour:
flat, tensive, glabrous: diffused, hot, throbbing;
at length fluctuating, with an acrid ichor. —
Good.
Pni.YSis, Phlyeticna — p. Ecthyma, Ecthyma
— p. Impetigo, Impetigo — p. Porrigo, Porrigo —
p. Scabies. Psora.
PIILYZACIA, Ecthyma.
PHLYZACION, Phlvctsena.
PHOBODIPSON, Hydrophobia.
PHOCOM'ELUS, from ^o^kh, 'a seal,' and
lirXof, 'a limb.' A monster, in which the limbs
are shortened; the hands and feet .appearing to
exist alone, and to be inserted immediately on
the trunk, as in the seals and the herbivorous
cetacea. — I. G. St. Ililaire.
PIIfENICINE, ira>matin.
PlKENICrSMUS, Rubeola.
PIKENIGMUS, Phenigmus — p. Petechialis,
Purpura simplex.
PHffiNIX DACTYLIFERA, Date tree — p.
Excelsa, Date tree.
PHCENODINE, IliBmatin!
PIIONA'TION, Phoiia'tio, from tpotvr,, 'voice.'
The physiology of the voice.
PHONE, Voice.
PHO'NTCA, (txavtKa, from (fxavrj, 'voice.' The
first order of the class Pneitmntica, in Good's
Nosology. Defined : diseases aff'ecting the vocal
avenues: — the passage of the voice impeded, or
its power sujipressed or depraved.
PFIONON'OSI, Phoiionu'^i, from <pwvr,' 'the
Voice,' and voixoi, 'a disease.' PhoiwjMithi'cB,
Jfiivhi riicin. Diseases of the voice.
PlIONAPATHI^E, Phononosi.
PIIORA. Gestation.
PIIOKHE. Pabulum.
PHOUONOM'IA, from (f.tnw, 'T move,' and
f'l/ioj. 'Iinv.' The doctrine of muscular motion.
PHOROUS, from /rwa. ' I carry.' A suflix de-
noting conveyance. Hence, Ga\actophorr>un, Ac.
PlioS. T,ight.
PlIOSPHAS, Phonphnte. A salt formed by
tlie union of j>hosphoric acid with a salifiable
base.
PirospHAS CALCicrjf Stibiattm, Antimonial
powder — p. Calcis stibiatus, Antimonial powder
— p. Nntricum, Soda, phosphate of.
PHOSPHATE. Phosphas.
PHOSPHAT'IC, Phoxphat'!cHs. from Phospho-
run. Relating to the photiphates : hence the
Phosphdt'ic Dialh'exin is the habit of body which
favours the deposition of the phosphates from the
urine.
PHOSPHENE, see Photopsia.
PHOSPHORIJ, Pliosphorus.
PHOSPHOR^XESES. M. Banmes unites,
ujider this generic name, diseases which he attri-
butes to disordered phospliorization ; i. e. to ex-
cess or deficiency of calcareous phosphates or its
decomposition. Amongst these affections be
ranks rachitis, osteo-malacia, and gout.
PHOSPHORES'CENCE, Pho.phoreseen'tio,
Lnhiinon'itij ; from phoKpharnn. The properties
possessed by certain bodies of being luminous in
obscurity, or under particular circumstances.
This phosphorescence has been occasionally wit-
nessed in man, when suffering from some wasting
disease, and near death.
PHOSPHORIC ACID, Ac"i(}„m phoxphor'-
iciiiii, (F.) Acide j^honphorir/ue. Same etymon. A
solid, colourless compound: highly sapid; very
soluble in water, and vitrifiable by fire. It exists
in bones combined with lime. It has been em-
ployed in medicine in the form of lemonade, in
passive hemorrhage, typhus, phthisis, marasmus,
Ac, and in injection in cases of cancer of the
uterus. It does not seem preferable to other
acids. An Acid'trm phonphor' icutn diln'tum is offi-
cinal in the London (jharniacopoeia.
PHOSPHORNErROSTS, see Phosphorus.
PHOSPHORURIA, Urine, phosphorescent.
PHOS'PHORUS, Phof'phonrm, A>,tophox'pho-
ri(«, Ii/iiis jihildiinph'iciis. Lumen cniiHtiniR, from
(^uf, 'light,' and wptii, 'I carry.' (F.) Phoophoie.
'A light carrier.' An elementary or undecom-
posed substance: not metallic; solid: transparent
or semitransparent: colourless: brilliant ; flexible;
of a sensible garlic odour; very inflammable,
and susceptil)le of combining with the oxygen
of the atmosphere, at even the ordinary temjiera-
ture. It does not exist pure in nature, but is
found frequently united to other bodies. Its
fumes in the manufacture of lucifer and Congreve
matches have caused, it is said, necrosis of the
lower jaw — Phosphoniecrn'nin, phrinphorus jaw
dixense, Litctfer-mntch-makcfn' Disease.
Phosphorus has been used in medicine, dis-
solved in elher or suspended in the yolk of e<:cr^
as a stimulant : but the greatest precautions are
necessary in its adminittration : hence it is rarely
employed.
Phosphori'S .Taw Diskask, see Phosphorus.
PHOSPHURIA, Urine, phosphorescent. See
Urine.
PirOTOCAMPSrS. Refraction.
PHOTOMA'NIA. from <t,io;. c^urof. 'light,' and
mnntn. Insane delirium induced by light.
PHOTOPHO'BIA, from (/;wf, ^wrij. 'light,' and
(.hoPof, 'fear.' Aversion to light: — intolerance of
light. Nyctalopia.
PHOTOPHOBirUS, Lncifugus.
PHOTOPHOBOPHTHALMIA, Nyctalopia.
PHOTOPHOBrS. Lucifu-os.
PlIOTOP'SIA, Vhiii hi'cdiix. from i!>u>i. (j>u,TOi,
•li;:ht,' a|id u^, 'the eye.' A false perception
of light, as of sparks, flashes of fire, Ac, occa-
sioned by certain conditions of the retina and
brain, and by pressure on the eveball. When
pressure does not induce the luminous appear-
ance, (F.) Phonph^tie, the existence of amaurosis
may be inferred. See Metamorphopsia.
PIIOTURIA
708
niTUISIS
PIIOTU'IIIA, from 0u>s, (^a)^os, 'light,' and
oupoi'. ' urine.' A luminous condition of tlie urine.
PHRA(}MOS, ^paynoi, ' a fence,' from tfipacrau),
'I eiu-lose.' A row of teeth.
PIIRASIS, Voice, articulated.
PIIllASUM, Marrubium.
PIIREN, fi>nv, ' the mind.' Also, the dia-
phragm and scrotiiculus cordis.
PIIRENAUX'E, Hijpcriroph'ia cer'ebri, from
(ppri") 'the mind, the organ of mind,' and av^rj,
'increase.' Hypertrophy of the brain.
PIIRENATROPH'IA, ^^co^jA'i'a cer'ehri, from
•/'pj/v, 'the mind, the organ of mind,' a, priv.,
and Tpoipii, 'nourishment.' Wasting or atrophy
of the brain.
PHRENES. Diaphragm.
PHRE\ESIA. Phrcnitis.
PHRENESIE. Piirenitis.
PHRENESrS, Delirium, Phrenitis.
PHRENETIASIS, Delirium, Phrenitis.
PHKENETISMUS, Phrenitis.
PHRENIC, Diaphragmatic.
PHRE'NICA, from <ppiiv, 'the mind.' Diseases
a.ffecting the intellect; characterized by error,
perversion, or debility of one or more of the men-
tal faculties, (Phreixipathi'a.) The first order of
the class Neurotica of Good. Also, remedies that
affect the mental faculties — Phren'ics. — Pereira.
PHRENICS, see Phrenica.
PHRENICULA HYDROCEPHALICA, Hy-
drocephalus internus.
PHRENISMUS, Phrenitis.
PHRENPTIS, P/ireii'eKh, PJireiic'si'r,, Plire-
tieti'anin, Phreiiin'niitK, Plirrtictix' mint, Ccphiili'tia,
EiicephitWtis, Cerebri'tix, Ci-phdnVrjin iiiflavnna-
to'rid, Knrabitiis (Arab.), Sihore, Spliacelin' iniiH
cer'ebn, Einpren'iiiK cephaH'tiH, Siri'asis, Seiri'-
08111, Sidera'tin, Tiijhiniiiiii'tio seu Canma plirciii'-
tia, Plirenxi/, Deliiimn, Bniiii FfPer, (F.) PhrSiie-
eie, Cerebn'te, Iiiflanimiitioii dn cerveati et dii.
cervelet, from ^piji', 'the mind,' ,n.nd itia, denoting
inflammation. A disease characterized by violent
pyrexia, pain in the head, redness of the face and
eyes, intolerance of light and sound, watchful-
ness, and delirium, either furious or muttering.
Its causes are the same as those of other inflam-
mations : sometimes, however, it is induced by a
Coup de Kolcil ; by inebriation ; violent mental
emotions, <fec. Some authors liave given the name
Phreiiit)>i and Meiiivrp'tia to inflammation of the
membranes of the brain; and that of Cephalitis,
Eiicpphalitin, or Ccrebritis to inflammation of the
substance of the brain ; but there are no pathog-
nomic symptoms, which can lead us to refer the
seat of the disease to either of those parts exclu-
sively. Phrenitis is, of course, a very dangerous
affection, from the importance of the organ con-
cerned. The most active treatment must neces-
sarily be pursued. Repeated bleeding: purging;
the application of ice to the shaved head; a po-
sition in which the head is raised : and the avoid-
ing of irritation of every kind ; — firm the reme-
dial means during the violent stage. After this
has yielded, counter-irritants to ttie nape of the
neck or to other parts of the body will be useful
adjuvants. When the brain and meninges were
affected only symptomatically, as in inflammation
of the diaphragm, the disease was formerly called
Paraphreiiitin.
Hijdrocephahis ncvfiis is a variety of phrenitis.
Phrknitis Calentura, Covp-de-xnleil — p. La-
trans, Hydrophobia — p. Potatorum, Delirium tre-
mens— p. Verminosa, Vercoquin.
PHRENO-GLOTTLSM, Asthma thymicum.
PHRENOLOGY, Cmniologv.
PHRENO-MAG'NETLSM,PArf»o-?w^«'wfn«m,
Men'mern-phrenid'ogxi. A term applied to the con-
dition of a mesmerized person, in which, when
any cerebral or phrenological organ — so called —
is touched, the functions of the organ are mani-
fested. It has been established, tliat no such
phenomena can be elicited in children, or in
those who have never seen a phrenological cast
or picture.
PHRENOPARALYSIS, see Paralysis.
PHRENOPATHIA, see Phrenica.
PnuKNOPATHi'A .i^h'iiE'RKA. The nggrogale
of encephalic phenomena induced by the inhala-
tion of etlier.
PHRENSY, Phrenitis.
PJI RICASMUS, Horripilation.
PHRICE, Horripilation.
PHRICIA, Horripilation.
PIIRICIASIS, Horripilation.
PHRICO'DES (FEimiS.) from <j,,nKri, 'ashi-
vering;' Hon-i/'ica. A fever in which the chill
is verv intense and yirolongcd.
PHRYAGMA, Shuddering.
PHRYCTE. Colopbonia.
PHRYG"IUS (LAPIS). An earthy matter,
found in Phrygia and Cappadocia, and foniierly
employed as an astringent. — (ilorrosus.
PHTIIARMA CALIGO. Caligo— p. Cataracta,
Cataract — p. Glaucoma, Glaucoma.
PHTHEIR, Pediculus.
PHTHEIRE'MIA, from (pOcpfo, 'I corrupt,'
and 'aipa. 'blood.' A state in which the plastic
powers of the blood are deteriorated.
PIITIIEIRI'ASIS,P////u>/'««M,05£ipia<rif,from
<p&ctp, 'a. louse;' Jlloyhnu pedicnli/'mis seu pedicii-
la'ris, Pntri'go pedicida'ris, Pedieiila'tio, Mnlix
J'jedic'idi, Peta'le, Lousinesi, Lmisy iliseane, (F.)
Midadie pediculaire, Phthiriaxe. A disease
which consists in the excessive multiplication of
lice on the human body, under conditions in
which it does not ordinarily take place, and in
spite of cleanliness. It has been asserted that
the affection has often caused death. Sinijile and
medicated baths have been recommended for its
removal ; lotions of the decoction or infusion of
tobacco and stavesacre, mercurial frictions, Ac.
PHTHEIRITIM, Delphinium staphi.-agria.
PHTHEIROCTONUM, Delpliinium staplii-
sagria.
PHTHINAS, Phthisis.
PHTIIINODES, Phtlii.«icus.
PIITHrniA SE, Phthciriasis.
PHTHIRIASIS, Miilis, Phthciriasis.
PHTHIRIUM SCABIEL see Psora.
PHTIIIRIUS, Antiparasitic— p. Inguinalis,
see Pedii-ulus.
PHTHIROCTONUS, Abortive.
PHTHIROPORON, Autumn.
PHTHISES: same etymon ns Phthisi.=. In
the classification of Fuchs, diseases attended
with ulceration, hectic fever, and emaciation.
PHTHISIC, Phthisis. Also, a slight tickling
cough, (Prov.) 'J'iHsirh.
PHTHISICAL, Phthisicns.
PHTHIS'ICUS, Phthino'dex, Phthix'ienl, Tlx'-
ical, (F.) Phthinique, Poitrinaire ; same etymcjH
as phthisis. Belonging to phthisis. Also, one
labouring under phthisis, or who is roiimimpiire.
PHTHISTE, Phthisis pulmnnalis— ;>. Mgnf,
Consumption, galloping — p. 6'a/i-"/p»sc, Calculi,
pulmonary, see Lithiasis pulmonum — p. Carcino-
mntenne, Phthisis, cancerous — p. Gidnpnnte, Con-
sumption, galloping — p. (ii)ee Melanime, Anthra-
cosis pulmonum — p. Mesenterirjne, Tabes mesen-
terica — ;;. Trach^ah, see Phthisis laryngea — ;).
Tidiereidinne, Phthisis pulmonalis.
PHTHISIOL'OGY, PIiiliii,ia/oi,"ia, from <p5'.:.;,
and \oyng. A treatise on phthisis.
PHTHISIORIS, Tubercular consumption.
PHTHISI- PNEUMONIA, Phthisis pulmo-
nalis.
PNTHISIQUE, Phthisicns.
PHTHISIS, Phthoe, Phthinas, Tale«, Te'ce-
PHTHISIS
709
PHTHISIS
rfoM, Coii'iimfjlwii, D'diiie, Phthii'i'c, Tis'ic, from
09iu), ' I wiistu awny, I Jecfiy.' This word, tiiken
in a ijotienil sense, iiieiitis progressive emaciation
of every part of the body. It is usually, how-
ever. re.«trietod to phthisis pulraonalis.
Phthisis Acuta, Consumption, galloping — p.
IJ):ii-k, .-ee Anthnicosis.
Phthisis, BitoN'ciiiAti, Phthisia bronchin'h'n.
Phthisis occasioned by the pressure of enlarged
tulii-rciilous bronchial pliinds, which, not unfre-
quenlly, cipinmunicate with caverns in the lungs,
or «irh the bronchia.
J'liTiiisis Caloiii.osa, Lithiasis pulmonum.
Phthisis. Can'ckroi'S, Scirrhus, Curcinnma et
Piitii/iis I'lihiio'tiiiiH, Med'iillari/ or Eiiceph'aloi'd
Tii'imnr nf the Liiiiij, (F. ) Unnrer dii Pomiion.
Cancer of the lung, which gives rise to carci-
nomatous phthisis, (F.) Phlhiaie earcinomateuse,
of Bayle.
Phthisis Consummata, see Ph. pulmonalis — p.
Dorsalis, Tabes Dorsalis — p. Dyspeptic, see
Phthisis — p. Exiilcerata, Ph. pulinonnlis — p.
Hcpatica, Hopato-phthisis — p. Ischiadica, Is-
chio-|)lithisis.
Phthisis liAiiysr.R'A, Chrouic Larynrji'tis, Lrt-
ri/iii/l'tin et Trnchei'tiH cliron'icfi, Tidierciilo'Dln
I'iri/ii'yis el trnrhe'(g, L/tri/)t't/o-et- TrnchcophthiHiv,
/yiiryiii/ophthiHin, Ul'eern seu ffe/ri>'m's Laryntfig,
(F.) Phlhisle laryiiff^e, (There da larynx, Lnryn-
ijite nrec H^cr^tion de Pun, is a species of con-
."Uinption analogous to phthisis pulmonalis, pro-
duced by inflammation and ulceration of the in-
t.^rior of the larynx, and sometimes by caries of
the curtilages. Phthinis trnchefi'lU, Trachco-
plilhi'm'ii, (F.) Phlhim'e tr<u-he(ile, is a similar affec-
tion, seated in the trachea. Chronic inflammation
of the larynx and trachea may exist, however,
withiiut tubercles or phthisis.
Phthisis Mkskiiaica, Tabes mesentcrica — p.
Nodosa, Ph. pulmonalis — p. Mucosa, see Brnn-
chorrhnea — p. Notias, Tabes dorsalis — p. Pitui-
to?a. see Brnnchorrhcea.
Phthisis Pulmona'lts, Ph. pnlmo'iium seu
puliiii>iiit'rin seu nodo'fin pitlmonn'Hs vera seu
tidtemih)' Kfi sen arrnphido'na seu tiiherciilo-iilce-
rn'tn seu pitrideii'tti exnlrern'ta seu extdcera'ta,
MarnH'mua seu Ifec'tica seu f/iEmop'tynis phtliiHi's,
PaHain vomifof'liia, Phthi'ai-pueiimo'in'n, Tithea
pidmnnd'lia seu piilnii/niim, U/ciia pnlmoniim, Hel-
cii'fia puJniniin'Ua, Piieioiioiiophthl'ai's, Piieiimo-
voph'thne, PncHinop'thiie, PiiliiKi'iiia. Tidjerciiln'-
si'a Pidiiiri'uiim, GDnijrnphlhi'aia, Jforbiia Aiii/'licita,
Tiihemiloiia di'senae of the Ittiigi', Pidmoiinri/ rnn-
aiinipti'oii, CiDiaiimpti'oi), Decline, Phlhiaie, Tiaic,
(So.) TenaicL; (F.) Phlhiaie, P. pidmotinire seu
tidjereideiiae, Crnehement de piia, Ofcnsionally,
this formidable disease occurs accidentally: but,
usually, it is caused by a conforniatiim obtained
from progenitors. This, at least, predisposes to
it; and but a slight exciting cause may be re-
<|iiircd to rouse the predisposition into action. It
is less a disease of the torrid zone ; and in the
temperate regions of the globe, its pathology is
often intimately allied with that of scrofula. It
consists in the formation of tubercles in the
lungs, which sooner or later inflame and break
down. In such a constitution, ulcerations of
the lungs do not readily heal ; and hectic fever
— the universal attendant upon irritability and
debility — is established. This persists, and
{rradually wears down the patient, till he ulti-
mately expires, exhausted by the irritative
fever. The chief symptoms are the following.
The patient feels a sense of uneasiness in the
chest, with severe fits of coughing, or a short
and dry cough with dyspnoea. This may be
Considered the incipient stage. The cough then
becomes extremely troublesome, especially in
the morning ; and dyspnoea is increased on the
slightest exertion. The expectoration is evidently-
purulent, with fever in the evening, .itid cireum-
scribed redness of the cheeks; wasting and col-
liquative sweats early in the morning. This must
be considered the confirmed stage, — Pht/iiais con-
sumnia'ta, Piieumophlhi'aia. In the third, or last
stage, the hectic is constant, with small pulse,
pungent heat, colliquative sweats, and diarrhoea.
The weakness becomes extreme, and the jiatient
exhausted. Phyaical Si(/na. — 1. In the first
stage, whilst there are yet scattered miliary tu-
bercles,— the only appreciable change at the ex-
terior of the chest, and this is not constant, is a
want of freedom in the movements under one or
both clavicles. Percussion will generally disco-
ver a slight diminution of sound corresjionding
to the summit of one lung. In the same situa-
tion, auscultation shows that the inspiratory mur-
mur is either weaker, rougher, or confused. The
sound of expiration is more distinct. The voice
and cough are rather more resonant, and wheez-
ing or mucous rd/ea arc occasionally heard in the
same region. 2. When the tubercular deposition
has become more abundant, the motion of the
chest is more markedly diminished under one or
both clavicles. The loss of sound on percussion
is more distinct, the inspiration, on auscultation,
is bronchial, the expiration louder and more su-
perficial, and the resonance of the voice and
cough is increased. The rest of the lung is per-
haps healthy, or the respiration may be peurile.
.3. When the tubercles are undergoing softening,
— in addition to the preceding signs, auscultation
exhibits a suhcrcpitant rale around the apex of
the lung, decreasing from above downwards. It
is most distinct during or after the cough, and at
the close of a deep inspiration. As the disease
proceeds, the bubbling becomes successively
larger, and ultimately Cf"rrjniiilletiieiit is heard.
The inspiration and expiration arc cavernous or
tracheal. The voice and cough indicate unusual
resonance and pectoriloquy. The intercostal
spaces are often depressed locally, and percussion
may become gradually clearer and even tympa-
nitic as the cavern increases.
It is only in the incipient state of this formi-
dable disease, that advantage can be expected
from any plan of treatment; and of all means
that can be devised, that of removing to a climate
in which air and exercise can be daily enjoyed
during the autumnal, winter, and spring months
is the best. See Climate. If this be iinpraeti-
eablo, the patient must be kept in a regulated
temperature, taking care that the chamber is
duly ventilated : and gestation in the open air be
used, whenever the atmosphere, although cold, is
dry. The other indications will be : 1. To mode-
rate inflammatory action : 2. To support the
strength ; and. .3. To palliate urgent symptoms.
The whole treatment indeed is palliative. Coun-
ter-irritants relieve pain : demulcents and mild
opiates alleviate the cough : the mineral acids,
united with opium, relieve the colliquative sweats :
and chalk and opium the diarrhoea.
Dr. Wilson Philip has pointed out a particular
species of phthisis, which is characterized, in the
early stage, by a deranged state of the digestive
organs; flatulent, irregular bowels; furred tongue;
impaired appetite; unnatural fsrces ; and the epi-
gastric region more or less full and tender on
pressure. The affection of the lungs is here
secondary. He calls it Dyipeptic phlhiain.
Phthisis Pulmonalis Purulrnta Exulce-
uata. Phthisis pulmonalis — p. Pulmonalis scro-
fulosa. Phthisis pulmonalis — p. Pulmonalis tu-
berculosa. Phthisis pulmonalis — p. Pulmonalis
tuberculosa- ulcerata. Phthisis pulmonalis — p.
Pulmonalis vera. Phthisis pulmonalis — p. Pupil-
Ise, Synezisis — p. Pupillaris, Myosis — p. Scrophu-
PIITIIISURIA
10
PHYSIOLOGICAL
]o?a. Phthisis pulinonalis — p. Sicca, Tahcs dor-
Falis — p. Tuberculosa, Phthisis pulmonalis — p.
ITtoiiua, Metrophthisis — p. Vesicalis, Cysto-
phthisis.
Phthisis TVkei), Ludwigia palustris.
PUTIITSURIA. Diabetes.
PIITHISURIE, Diabetes— p. Sucr^e, Diabetes
mellitus.
PHTHOR. Phthisis.
PIITIIorS. Pastil, Troebisens.
PHTIIOISCOS, Pastil. Trochiscus.
PHTIIONGODYSPIIORIA, Hyperaeusis.
PIITIIORA, Abortion, Corruption, Plague.
PHTHORIUS, Abortive.
PHTHOROCTONUS. Abortive.
PIIUCAGROSTIS MINOR, Pila marina.
PHUSCA. Oxvcrate.
PHYGANTHilOPIA, Misanthropia.
PHYGETH'LOX. Pnnns, Pfii/peJIa, from 0«a),
'I grow,' [?]. Inflammation of the superficial
lymphatic glands, not ending in suppuration.
PHYLACTERTON, Amuletum.
PHYLACTE'RIUM, (pv\a<T7,piov, from <^v\aaaw,
•I preserve.' A Phijlac'tery, (F.) Phylactere.
An amulet : — a prophylactic.
PHYLAXIS. Conservation.
PHYLLAN'THUS URINA'RIA, Bhd-ohum.
ba. Ord. EupborbiaceiB. A plant employed in
Ceylon, in decoction, as a diuretic.
iPIIYLLITIS, Asplenium scolopendriura — p.
Muraria, Asplenium ruta muraria — p. Rotundi-
folia. Asplenium trichomannides.
PHYMA. Phima, from 0uw, 'I grow.' AVith
the ancients, this word was used with great lati-
tude: sometimes, in the sense of phlegmon, for
tumours larger than a boil, and perfectly suppu-
rative. In the nosology of Sauvages, Plnjmnta
is an order of diseases, to which he refers erysi-
pelas, oedema, phlegmon, emphysema, scirrhus,
&o. In that of Dr. Good it is a genus, including
hordeolum, furunculus, sycosis, and anthrax.
Phyma Anthrax, Anthrax — p. Anthrax ter-
minthus, Terniinthus — p. Sycosis, Sycosis.
PHY'MATOID, Pln/iiiafr'n'des, (F.) Phymn-
toicle, from •pv/xa, 'a tubercle,' and eiliog, 'resem-
blance.' A state of cancerous tissue, in which
the dull yellow hue and the consistence resemble
those of tubercle. — Lebert.
PHYMATO'SES, from 0u//a, 'a hard tumour.'
Tuberculous diseases. — Fuchs.
PHYMATOSrS, Excrescence— p. Cerebri, En-
cephalophyraata — p. Elephantiasis, Elephantia-
sis— p. Lupus, Lupus — p. Verrucosa, Verruca.
PHYMOSrS, Phimosis.
PHYPELLA. Phygothlon.
PHYSA. Crepitation.
PHYSAGOGA, Carminatives.
PHY'SALIS, from ^no-a, ' a bladder,' referring
to the inflated calyx, P. AllteJren'gi seu halicnc'-
ahiim, S'>!ri'ni(ni veiica'rhim, Alrhachen'tfe, AUce-
ken'i/i, Hdllcne'nbniii. Winter Cherry, (F.) Alke-
keiif/e, Ooqiieret. Ord. Solanaeeie. Sex. Synf.
Pentandria Monogynia. The berries are recom-
mended as a diuretic, from 6 to 12 for a dose, in
dropsical and calculous cases. It has been af-
firmed, that the whole plant — twigs, leaves, cap-
sules and berries — possesses the .antiperiodic vir-
tues of Cinchona.
Physalis Alkekrnoi, Physalis — p. Halicaca-
bum. Physalis — p. Obseura, Ph.viscosa — p. Penn-
sylvanica. Ph. viscosa — p. Pubescens, Ph. viscosa
— p. Stramonium, Anisodus luridus.
Physalis Visco'sA.P.oisnf'ra seu Pennnyfvon'-
iea seu pithes'i-enD, Ground cherry ; indi<?enous.
The berries are said to be diuretic and sedative.
PHYSCE, Abdomen, Colon.
PHYSCIA ISLANDICA, Lichen Islandica —
p. Nivalis. Lichen caninus.
PIIYSCO'NIA, from ipvaKojv, 'the paunch.'
Ve)ifros'ilns, Ecjtliy'ma phyico'nt'a, TTypnuar'rn,
Emphrac'licn, ViHCd'nin, Hypemnrrhid'ion, Pot-
belly, P< iididiDis ahdn'men, Swaiihelly, Gorbilly,
(Prov.) Gotehbelly, Pedbelly. A generic ti'rin,
under which Saiivagos has comprised every largo
tumour developed in the abdomen, that is neillier
fluctuating nor sonorous. Linna-us calls it Hy-
posarca.
PllVSCO'x.IA AllIPO'SA, Obcs'itnn seu P<)lynrir'r!a
vis'eernm. AccuinuJation of fat in the intoslines,
Physconia Biliosa, Turgescentia vc.sieu!;o
fvUea?.
Physconia Emphysemat'ica. Accumuliitinn
of air in the areolar tissue, or between the coats
of particulii,r viscera.
Physconia Lip;.n'is, Splenoncns — p. Mesentc-
rica. Tabes mescntorica — p. Splenica, Ajrue cake.
Physconia Stuumo'sa, Scrof'ul'i dhdomhut'llii
inter'ua. Tumid abdomen from scrophulous en-
largement of the glands.
J'NYSCONIE JIESEiXr^RIQUE, Tabes
mesenterica.
PHYSEMA, Tympanites, Physcsis.
PHYSIC'S IS, /'hyuc'niri. from ipvaaoi, 'I inflate.'
An oiniihyscmatoiis tumour. Tvnipiinites.
PllYSETER MACROCEPHALUS, see Ceta-
ceum.
PIIYSTATRICE, Vis mcdioatrix natunc.
PlIYSIAUTOCRATIA, Vis medicatri.t na-
ture.
PHYSIC, Medicament, Mcdicina — p. Indian,
Euphorbia corollata, Gillenia trifoliata — p. Root,
Leptandra purpurea.
PHYSICAL, Medical.
PHYSICIAN, 3fed'iciis, Tfttrns, Aren'tnr,
Aces'ter, A/theiis, Flaiwi', PcBoii, (Old Eng.) Feaii'-
ian, Ficieion. Leche, Leech, from (pvais, ' nature.'
(F.) Medecin, Docleur. One who has received
his degree from an incorporated Institution, as
Doctor of Medicine. The French formerly used
the word physiciett in the same sense. It is now
appropriated by them to the natural philosopher.
Phymcint has the same signification.
Physician, Family. One regarded as the
regular attendant on a family.
Physician, LEAUNun, latrosophista — p. Prac-
tical, latrotechna — p. Priest, see Asclepiada;.
PHYSTCIEN, Physician.
PHYSICIST, see Physician.
PHYSICS, MED'ICAL, Intmphju'ico. Phy-
sics directly applied to medicine, — either to the
explanation of the vital phenomena, the preserva-
tion of individuals, or the treatment of disease.
PHYSIOAUTOCRATIA, Vis medicatrix na-
turae.
PHYSIOG'NOMIST, Phygiogno'mon, one who
busies himself especially with, or pretends to be
versed in, physiognomy.
PIIYSIOG'NOMY, (Old Eng.) Vii'iiomy. Phy-
siocpiom'ia, Phyiio/jnom'icn, Physingiiom'ice, Phy-
st'oiiom ' id, Phynioi/nnmon ' ia, Physior/nnm ' one,
Phyniognomos'yne, Phyniorpiomosia, Anthrojm-
nnnp'ifi, Proeopommiti'a, Proaojiohifyid, Semiol'-
ice fd'ciei, Phyniognonion'ica, Phyaiognorn'ony,
Metopns'copy, Prosopo'iie, from i/mffif, 'nature,'
and yvuinri, 'knowledge.' The art of knowing the
dispositions of men from their external apponr-
ance ; especially from the features. Every infe-
rence of this kind must necessarily be extremely
fallacious, and cannot be reduced to rule, as w.ns
attempted by Lavater and others. In infantile
diseases, numerous shades of expression are evi-
dent, which experience teaches how to appre-
ciate : and which afford useful guides in under-
standing the pathidogy of that period of existence.
PHYSIOLOGIA PATHOGENETICA, see Pa-
thotjenetic.
PHYSIOLOG"ICAL, Phy'>iohg"icui>, (F.) Phj.
siologique. Relating or belonging to physiology.
PlIYSIOLOGICE
711
PICIIURIM BEAXS
Physiological Anatomy, see Anatomy — p.
Doctrine, BrousHiiisiu.
PIIYSIOLOIJICE, Physiology.
PIlY.SruL'OlJl.ST, PhyxioVnyns. Same ety-
mon as the next. One wlio occupies himself spe-
ciullv. or is well ac(|iiaintcil, with physiology.
vhY>lOL'(){iY, /'liyxiol>,;j"i„,Ti;,d'»>,y, i:i»n'-
01)11/, /lii't'icH, ItiiiphcBiiometiDlntj" Id, PIiijuIoIdii" -
ice, (Ei-oiioni'iii (I III mil' Us, Aiiiitom' In viva, Aiint'-
onie iiiiiiiin'ta, Altlhro/juloij" in, MicriicoHiiitxjrn'-
pliiii, Micnx-iis' mica Hcleii'tin, U'l'jiiit" i<> plii/nio-
liii/"icii, I'lim iintiirit'lis liieilici'iicB, Pliilosiijj/i' itt
cur'poiii viui ; from ipvai;, 'nature/ and Aoyoj, 'a
description.' Formerly, Physiology meant the
game .as Physics, in its extensive signification,
now does. At the present liay, it includes the
science which treats of the functions of animals
or vegetables; an ae(|uaintance with the pheno-
mena the aggregate of which constitute life. It is
the science of life. It is divided into iiniiiud — Zo'ci-
phiiniiilni/iit, or Zoobio/iir/''iii ; and veijitnhle —
Plii/tii/jlii/>iioloy"iii, or J'lijlobi()lii<j"i(i, according
as it considers the life of animals or of vegetables
singly. Oiimpariitice phi/xiolnyi/ comprises both.
Physiology is, also, r/cneral or upecinl, according
as it treats of life in the abstract or in some par-
ticular species. To the latter belongs tlie /'/;//-
eioli/ijy (if Miiii, — called also, Ihjijieiiii- Phyiohxiy
to distinguish it from Patlioluijicid Phynioloyy or
Patho/iiiji/.
Physiology, PATHOGKynTic, see Pathogenetic.
PIIYSIONOMIA, Physiognomy.
PHYSfOXO.lf/E- EG ARE E, see Wild.
PIIY.SIS. Natura, Se.K.
PIIY'SOCE'LE, Piicniiiatoce'le, Hernia vento'-
tn ; Osclieoce'le Jhiliden'ta, Em pin/ He' ma Scroti,
from ijivaau), 'I insuiflate,' and Ki/Xiit 'a tumour.'
All emphysematous tumour of the scrotum ; pro-
bably a case of intestinal hernia, containing much
flatus.
PilYSOCEPirATiUS, from ipviraia, 'I inflate,'
and A.-£0aX(;, ' the head.' {F.) Plii/wcepJiale. Em-
physeni.itous tumefaction of the head.
PIIYSOCCELIA, Tympanites.
PHYSO'DES ; from (puanit), ' I inflate,' and eiSoi,
'resemblance.' Full of air; apparently full of
air — applied to tumours, &c.
PIIYSOME'TRA, Emphyse'ma U'teri sou Vte-
ri'nuin, Hi/iteroph'yiie, Jlynlerempliysc' ma, Hija-
tremplnjHe'mii, Metreinpliyxe' mn, Iiijla'lio U'teri,
Tyin'piiiiy of the ]Vomb, U'terine tympniii'les,
from ifwaaio, ' I inflate,' and linrpa, ' the womb.'
A light, tense, circumscribed protuberance in the
hypogastrium, obscurely sonorous, with wind
occasionally discharged through the os uteri with
noise, Ifi/xteropsopli'ia, yEdoeopsoph' ia uteri'iia.
PHYSOX, Flatulence.
PIIY.SONCUS, Emphysema.
PIIYSOPSOPII'IA; from ipvoaot, <1 inflate,'
and \J/o0oy, ' a noise.' A discharge of air with
noise.
PHYSOSPASMUS, Colica flatulenta.
PHYSOTIIORAX, Pneumothorax.
PIIYTEL'EPIIAS MACllOCAR'PA, from
i^uTov, 'a plant,' and tXcifiui, 'an elephant.' A tree
of South America, called, by Willdenow, Ele-
phnntii'nia, the dense albumen of whose unt,
is the veijetidtle ivory, which is as durable and
nearly as hard as the ivory of the elephant.
PliYTrVOROUS. Phvtophiigous.
PHY TOALOPHCIA, Porrigo decalvans.
PllYT0!5I0riOi!lA. see Physiology.
PHYTO-CIIY.MISTRY. see Chymistry.
PHYfOLAC'C.V DECAX'DRA, P. nulgnris,
Poke Weed, Aiiier'icitii iiii/lit ulinde, Cnncer mot.
Poke, Shoke, Jneato Calleloe [?], J'dap, Piijeon
Bern/, Jnlnj) cancer root, Sola'niiui rncemo'iium
Amerieii'iiiiin sen mai/iiHin Vin/inin'niim riihriiin,
Blitum America' nuni, Garijet, (F.) liaiiiin d'Aini-
rique, Phi/tohtqne d dix Stamines, Morelle en
gra/ipen, Jlechoacnu dn Canada. Ord. Cheno-
podeaca9 ; Sex. Syit. Decandria Decagynia; from
ipvTov, 'a plant,' and lacca ; because the colour
of the juice of the berries resembles that of lacca.
The leaves, berries, and roots are employed. The
young stems, when boiled, are sometimes eaten
at table; but when old, they must be cautiously
used, as the plant is emetic and cathartic. It is
most celebrated as a remedy in chronic rheuma-
tism ; and is given in the form of tincture of the
ripe berries. It is, also, used in cutaneous erup-
tions ; tinea capitis, itch, cancerous ulcers, <fec.
The root is gathered and dried in the fall.
PIIYTOLAQUEA DIX EXAMINES, Phy-
tolacca decandra.
PIIYTOLOGIA MEDICA, Botany, medical.
PHYTO-PARASITE, Epiphyte.
PlIYTOPH'AGOUS, Phyto/ih'aijim ; Phijtiv'-
orous, Pliytiv'oriia ; from ipvTot', 'a plant,' ami
(payu), ' I eat.' Feeding or subsisting on vege-
tables.
PIIYTOPTIYSrOLOGIA, see Physiology.
P1IYT0SPHRM'ATA,(F.) Phytoxpermc'i, ; from
(fjVTov, 'a plant,' and aztpim, 'sperm.' Particles
similar to the sperinatozoids of animals, observed
in vegetables, and i)resumed to possess a similar
agency in reproduction.
PlIYTOTO.^IY, see Anatomy, (vegetable.)
PilYTOZOOX, Zoophyte.
PL\ MATER, Pia sen mollis se\i ten'iiis Ma-
ter, Pia iiivninx, Meniiix inte'rior seu vasciilo'sa
seu choroi'des, Inner lam'inn of the Meningine,
(Ch.), Jfeinbra'na vasculo'sa Cer'ebri, M. Cer'-
ebri teii'iiis seu mollis seu pro'pria, (F.) Pie
mere, Jfenini/ette. The pia mater is a very
delicate membrane, which covers the brain im-
mediately, penetrates into its anfractuosities, and
envelops, also, the cerebellum and the spinal pro-
longation, &c. Bichat does not regard it as a
membrane, properly so called, but as a net-work
of blood-vessels, united by a lax areolar tissue.
The Pia Mater exterior is the portion of mem-
brane which covers the exterior of the encepha-
lon, and faces the arachnoid externally. The
Pia Mater interior is that which lines the cere-
bral fossiB, into which it penetrates by a cleft
situate between the posterior part of the corpus
callosum and the fornix ; and bj' two other fis-
sures, situate between the corpora fimbriata and
thalaiiii nervorum optieorum. The ]iia mater
contains a great number of granulations similar
to the Glandid(B Pacchioni.
Pia Matkr Testis, Tunica vasculosa — p. Me-
ninx, P. Mater.
PIAN, Framboesia.
PIAXS, MOTHER OF, Mam.a-pian.
PIAR, Fat.
PIARII.E'x\IIA,Pjan-7(£E'HnV(, from inap, 'fat,
and 'ui/io, 'blood.' Fat in the blood. — Simon.
PICA, Malacia — p. Africanorum, Chthonopha-
gia.
PICAC, Euphorbia eorollata.
PICACISM'US, Pica'tio, from pix, picis,
'pitch.' Depilation by means of a pitch plaster.
Also. Malacia.
PIC AT 10, Malacia, Picacismus.
PICEA. Pinus abies.
PICEROX. Butter.
PICllU'HIM BEAXS. The seed, Fahn Piclm-
rim, F. Peclin'rei, Para iiiit. Sassafras tint,
Piixiri, Bra^il'ian nutmeg, of a tree, supposed to
be Pcrse'a picliiirim, Ocote'a pichii'riin seu Pn-
chiiry, Tetranthe'ra piclinrim, Xectnn'dra jiiichiiry,
Piichiiry or Pnvhyry of the Brazilians, Ord. Lau-
racete, which grows in Brazil, Guiana. Yeneznela,
and other parts of South America. They are of
an elliptical shape; flat on one side, convex on
the other; of an aromatic odour between that cf
PICK
12
PILE US
nutmegs and sassafras, and of a spiey, pungent
tMste. The medical properties are the same as
those of other aromatics. For the bark, sec Pe-
churiin cortex.
PICK. Ernctip.
PICKERELWEED, SHOVEL, Unisema del-
tifolia.
PICOTE, Variola.
PICOTEMENT. Pricking.
PICOTIN, Arum maculatum.
PrCRA, Puh-is aloes et canellaB.
PICR.ENA EXCELSA, Quassia.
PICKIA, Bitterness.
PICRIUM SPICATUM, Coutoubea alba.
PICROCHOLOS, Bilious.
PPCROMEL, BUin ; from ri^pof. 'bitter,' and
//fXi, 'honey.' A name given by Thcnard to a
colourless, soft sul)Stance, of an acrid, bitter, sac-
charine taste, nauseous smell, and very soluble in
water, which is considered to be a hiUite of
und'i. It' is not an immediate principle, but a
mixture of different substances. It forms part of
the bile, and is generally classed amongst the
animal immediate principles.
PICROPE'G/E, PH-rope'ga, from niKpos, 'bit-
ter,'and i:?7)/i7, 'a spring.' Mineral waters; bit-
ter from the presence of chloride of magnesium.
PICROS, Amarus.
PICROTOX'INE, Picrofox'inn, Plcrotnx'in,
from iriif/jof, ' bitter,' and toxiciim, ' poison.' A
vegetable alkali, discovered by M. BouUay in the
jMciii'Kpermiiia Cocciilim. It crystallizes in quad-
rangular, white, brilliant, seinitransparetit prisms ;
which are excessively bitter, soluble in three parts
of alcohol, and in fifteen of boiling water.
The Cocculus Indicus owes its poisonous pro-
perties to this principle.
PIE MERE, Pia mater.
P lE-MERlTE, Iiijlaiitmn'li'o picp, main's. A
miserably compouncled term, employed by M. Gri-
.sollo, to express inflammation of the pia mater : —
from {F.) pie mere, 'the pia mater,' and ite, itis ;
a termination denoting inflammation.
PIECE, Hepatitis.
PIECES D'ANA TOMIE ARTIFICIELLES,
see Artificial.
PIED, Pes — p. cV Alexandre, Antbemis pyre-
thrum — p. d'Aldiiette den champs, Delphinium
consolida — p. Bat, see Kyllosis — p. de Chat, An-
tennaria dioica — ;;. de Chernl mnrin, Coriiu am-
monis — p. de Griffon, Gryphius pes, Helleborus
footiduR — p. de Lievre, Arum maculatum — p. de
Linn, Alchemilla — p. de Lit, Origanum — p.
d'Oiire, Acanthus mollis — p. Plat, see Kyllosis
— p. de Vean. Arum maculatum — p. de Vean
tripJn/i/e, Arum triphyllum.
PIEIRON, Fat.
PfERHE. Ca\cu]us — p. d'Alijle, 2PA\tes—p.
d'Aimaiit. Magnet — p. d'Aznr. Lapis lazuli — p.
Ciilainiiiaire, Calamine — p. i Catttire, Potassa
cum calee — p. Divine, Lapis divinus — p. d'Ecre-
vissp, Cancrorum chelae — p. Infernale, Argenti
Tiitras — p. Jiidaiqtie. Judaeus (lapis) — p. an Lait,
Morochthus — /). 3fedicamenteuse, Medieainento-
sus lapis — p. Nephretiqne, Nephreticus lapis — pi-
Ponce. Pnmex.
PIERRES CRA YEUSES, Calculi, arthritic
— p. an Fiel, Calculi, biliary — p. Stevcoroles,
Calculus of the Stomach and Intestines — p. Uri-
tiaires, Calculi, urinary.
PTERREUX, Petrous.
PTESTER, Press.
PIESTERION, Press.
PIESTRON, from itusm, ' I press.' An instru-
ment recommended by Hippocrates for breaking
the bones of the foetal head when too large to be
extracted otherwise.
PJGAJIOX J A UXATRE, Thalictron.
PIGEON BERRY, Phytolacca dccandra— p
Breasted, see Lordosis— p. Tree, Aralia spinosa.
PKJMEXT CELLS, see Cell, pigment.
PIGM EN'TAL, Pigmen'tarti, /'iynirnta'riiit,
(F.) Piymeiitnire, from pi</menliiiii, {jiiiiycrr, pic-
tnm, ' to paint,') ' paint.' Having relation to pig-
ment or colouring matter.
PiGMKNT.VL ApPAHA'TIS, (F.) Appareil pig.
mental. The apparatus concerned in the colora-
tion of the skin of the coloured varieties of man.
— Flourens.
PKJMICNTARTUS, Apothecary, ITngnentnrius.
PIGMENTARY, Pigmental — p. Na>vi, gee
Na}vus.
PIGMENTUM, Paint— p. Indicum, Indigo—
p. Nigrum, see Choroidea tunica — p. Uracu,
Terra Orleana.
PIGMY, Pygmy.
PIGNEROLE, Cantaurea calcitrapa.
PIGNON DE BAR BAR IE, Jatr.ipha curcns
— p. d'liide, Jatroiiha curcas — p. d hide, petit,
Croton tiglium.
PIGNUT, Earthnvt.Gronndnnt. The bulbous
root of Bn'niinn Bnlhocan'ta)inm. Ord. Unibelli-
ferae. Called pif/nnts, from the fondness of the
pig for them. They have been considered to pos-
sess a stj'ptic quality; and are deemed service-
able in atonic affections of the kidney. — Hooper.
Pignut, Bunium bulbocastanum.
PIG'S FLARE, Adeps suiUus.
PIKROPEG^, Picropega?.
PIKRY, Pulvis aloes et canella;.
PILA, Sphwra, PaUa, iraWa, Ball. A gym-
nastic exercise, much used by the ancients ns
well as moderns. — Galen. Also, a niortnr and a
pestle — Ac' one.
PiLA, Mortar, Pillar — p. Dnmarnm, iEgagro-
pila — p. Rupicaprarum, iRgagropila.
PiLA M.\v.l'^\, Spltara Marina sen Thalas'sia,
Halcya'nium rotun'dnm, (F.) Pelote de Mer, Zos-
tere, Algue marine, A. coiiimnnc ou des VerrierK.
Certain light, round, depressed, or oblong masses
— inodorous and insipid — in which rushes, hairs,
and the debris of shells are met with. These are
found on the sea-shores, and have been regarded
by Spielniann as consisting chiefly of the roots
of the Zoste'ra Mari'na seu 3Iiirit'ima, Alga
3Iari'na, {Big tangles, ]Vare, Wair, Sea-icare,)
Phncagros'tis minor. Iodine is detected in the
ashes, which accounts for their success in goitre.
They have, also, been given as a vermifuge,
PILAIRE, Pileous.
PILAR, Pileous.
PILAR E MALUM. Trichosis.
PILA'TIO, from pitns, 'a hair.' Fracture of
the cranium in wliich the fissure is narrow, and
has the appearance of a Lair — a cap'illarg Jtusure,
(F.) Fente capillaire,
PILE, Hair.
PI'LEA PU'MILA, from pihis, 'aha\r,'pilo.
sns, 'hairy.' Ric1ni:eed, Clearweed, Cooliceed ;
indigenous; Order, Urticacea? ; flowering fi-om
July to September ; has been used as a wash in
poisoning by Rhus. It has a strong, grateful
smell.
PILEOLUM, Calotte.
PILEOLUS, Caul, Pileus.
PI'LEOUS, Pilo'sns, Pilose, Pilous, Pilar, (F.)
Pilenx, Pilaire, from pilns, 'a hair.' That which
relates to the hair. Hairy.
PiLROus System of Bichat is that formed by
the hair. It comprises the different species of
hair of the human body.
PILES, BLIND, Ctecse ha;morrhoides, see
Hasmorrhois.
PILEUS, 'a hat, cap. or bonnet for the head.'
Pile'olns. A shield. A nipple-like instrument,
formed of various materials, and used by females
riLEUX
13
PILL
for protecting the nipple during the child's suck-
ing, when the part is painful. Also, a caul.
Pim:iis«, Cucupha — p. Hippocraticus, Bonnet
d' Hil>l>i>crate.
J'/L/Jf/X, Pileous.
PIlitlW'OllT, Ranunculus acris, and R. ficaria.
riLI CAPITIS, sec Capillus — p. Cutis, La-
nuj^o — p. Palpebrarum, Cilia — p. Pudendorum,
I'ubes.
rUJER. Pillar.
PIMF'KUOIJS, Pi'H/er, from pihin, 'a hair,'
and ./'-'■", '1 bear.' Pile or hair bearing, — as a
• pili/'criiiin cyst,' — one containing hair.
PILIMICTIO, see Trichiasis.
PILL, Pilula — p. Abernethy's, see Pilulif hy-
drar^jri — p. of Aloes and Gamboge, Pilulaj jilocs
ct ciunbogia; — p. of Aloes and cincliona, Pilulau
iiloes et kinae kinae — p. of Aloes and colocynth,
Pilula' aloes et colocyntbidis — p. of Aloes and
lotid gums, Pilulic de aloe et fcietidis — p. of Aloes
find ginger, Piluhc aloes et zingiberis — p. of
Allies and iron, Piluhe aloes et ferri — p. Aloes
1111(1 niyrrh, Pilulae aloes et myrrhae — p. Aloetic,
I'iiulai' aloeticue — p. Aloetic and assafoetida, Pi-
liiliV) iiloes et assafffitidae — p. Aloetic, compound,
I'ilulie aloes composita! — p. of Ainmoniuret of
copper, Pilula; ammoniureti cupri — p. Analeptic,
.Jiiiiies's, see Analeptica — p. Anderson's, see Pi-
lula; aloes et jalapie — p. Anodyne, Pilulae opiata;
—p. Antibilious, Barclay's, Pilulae anlibiliosas —
p. Antibilious, Dixon's, Pilula; antibili(isa> — p.
Asiatic, Pilula; Asiaticas — p. Assafetida, Pilula;
Assiifuetidte — p. Bacher's, Pilula; ex hellebore et
iiiyrrtia — p. Barbarossa's, Barbarossae pilula — p.
Jjiirtlioz's, see Pilula; aloes et myrrhae.
Pill., Br.Aiit's. An empirical preparation of
colcliieiiiii, much used iu England in cases of
gout.
Pii.L, Blaud's. These pills, proposed by M.
Blaud as aiiticlilorotic, are formed as follows: —
Take of ijmn trdijiicitntli, in powder, si.x grains ;
water, one drachm. Macerate in a glass or por-
celain mortar, until a thick mucilage is formed,
imd if it be desired to prevent the formatiim of
peroxide of iron, and to make the pill similar to
those of Vallet, substitute a drachm of jiowdered
sugar for the mucilage. Adil afterwards of mil-
jiliiile of iron, in powder, half an ounce. Beat
well until the mixture is homogeneous, and add
siibc<uhoii((te of pot a sua, half an ounce. Beat un-
til the mass becomes of a deep-green colour, mid
of a soft consistence. Divide into 48 [?] pills.
Uose, one a day; gradually increasing to two,
and afterwards to three.
Pill, Bluk, Pilula; hydrargyri — p. Brandreth's,
Piluhe aloes et cambogiae — p. Calomel, Pilula;
hydrargyri chloridi mitis — p. Calomel, compound,
Pilula; hydrargyri submuriatis coinposita; — p.
Cidomel and opium, Piluhe calomelanos et opii —
1>. Gamboge, Piluhc cambogiic compos. — p. Ciun-
boge, compound, Piluhe cambogiic coinpositte —
p. of Carbonate of iron, Pilula; ferri carbonatis —
]i. Cathartic, compound, Pilula; cathartica; com-
)H)siti¥ — p of Colocynth and henbane, Piluhe co-
hicyiithidis et hyoscyaini — p. of Colocynth, coin-
Jiuund, Piluhe colocyntbidis compositae — p. Com-
mon, Piluhe aloes et mj-rrhic — p. of ainmonialed
Copper, Piluhe cupri aminoniati — p. of Digitalis
mid sciiiill, Piluhe digitalis et scilhe — p. Dinner,
see Piluhe aloes et kinie kin.e, and Pilula; rhej.
Pill, Dinnku, op .'\Iu. Mavo. This is composed
of P. Itliij. gr. iv : SmleB Curb. gr. j.
Pill, Evkulast'i.ng. A pill once in vogue,
nnd said to be composed of metallic antimony.
It was believed to have the property of purging j
BS often as it was swallowed. A lady having
swallowed one of these pills, became seriously i
alarmed at its not passing. " Madam," said her
physician, "fear not; it has already passed;
through a hundred patients without any difiB-
culty." — Paris.
Pill, Femalr, Pilulae de aloe et foetidis — p.
Ferruginous, of Vallet, see Ferri protocarbonas
— p. Fothergill's, see Pilula; aloes et colocyntbidis
— p. Frank's, see Piluhe aloes et kinae kina; — p.
Fuller's, see Pilula; de aloe et foetidis — p. Gal-
banuin, compound, Pilulte galbani composita; —
p. Griffith's, Piluhe ferri composita; — p. (iritfitt's,
see Pilula; rhej compositae — p. Gum, Pilulae gal-
bani compositae — p. Harvey's, Pilula; aloes et co-
locyntbidis— p. of Hellebore and myrrh, Pilulse
ex helleboro et myrrlia — p. of Hemlock, com-
pound, Pilulae conii compositae — p. Hooper's, see
Pilula; aloes et myrrhae — p. of Iodide of iron,
Pilula; ferri iodidi — p. of Ipecacuanha and
opium, Pilulie ijicciicuaiihae et ojiii — p. of Ipeca-
cuanha and squill, Piluhe ipecacuanha; cum scilla,
— p. of sulphate of Iron, Pilulae ferri sulphatis
— p. James's Anale|)tic, see Analeiitica— p. Key-
ser's, see Ilydrargyrus acetatus — p. Lady Gres-
pigny's, Piluhc aloes et kinae kina; — p. Lady
Hesketh's, see Pilulae aloes et kiiitc kiiise — p.
Lady Webster's, Pilulae aloes et kinae kinae.
Pill, Lartigue's, PWuIcb Col'ehici et Digi-
ta'lis, (F.) Pilules de Lfirtiyne. {Hut. Coluc. c.
3ss; Ext. Sent. Colchic. alcv/io/ic., Extract. Dig-
ital, alcohalic. aii gr. iss ; f. uiassa in pilul. x di-
vidend.) Dose, two, three, or more, in the 24
hours, in gout, until purging is induced.
This is a form that has been employed as a
substitute for the Pilulen de Lartiyne, the compo-
sition of which is not known. M. Bouchardat re-
commends for the same purpose a combination
of Ejtractum eolnci/nthidiii coiiijjositimi, Extractum
cdlc/iici and Eutractitm opii, which is almost
identical with [lills prescribed by Sir Henry Hol-
ford for the gout; the only difference being, that
the latter substitutes Docer'is jioicder fur the Ex-
traetuin opii.
Pill, Oimate, of Lead, Piluhe plumbi opiatae.
Pill, Lee's New Lo.ndon, is composed of
scamiiioiiy, ijamhoije, calomel, jalap, aloes, soup
and si/rnp of buckthorn.
Pill, Lee's Windham, consists of gamboge,
aloes, soap and nitrate of jjotassa.
Pill Machi.xe, Pilnlier—p. Matthews's, see
Pilulae ex helleboro et luyrrha — p. Mercurial,
Pilula; hydrargyri— p. of mild chloride of Mer-
cury, Pilulae hydrargyri chloridi mitis — p. Mof-
fat's, Pilula; aloes et cambogiie — p. Morrison's,
Piluhe aloes et cambogia;, see Pilulae cambogiaB
compositie — p. Moseley's, Pilula; rhej compositae
— p. Night, common, Pilula; opiatfe — p. Opiate,
Piluhe opiata; — p. Peter's, see Pilula; aloes et
cambogiie — p. Plumnier's, Pilulae hydrargyri sub-
muriatis composita' — p. of sulphate of Quinia,
Piluhe quinia> sulphatis — p. Red, Pilula; hydrar-
gyri submuriatis compositae — p. Red, Boerhaave's,
see Hj'drargyri sulpliuretum rubruin — ji. of Rhu-
barb, Piluhe rhej — p. of Rhubarb, compound,
Piluke rhei composita; — p. Rudius's, Pilula; aloes
et colocyntbidis — ^ p. Rufus's, Piluhc aloes et
myrrha; — p. Rush's, see Pilula; aloes et caui-
bogi.e — p. Scotch, Pilula; de aloe et fu'tidis — p.
of Soap and opium, Pilula' saponis cum opio — p.
Speediman's, see Piluhe aloes et myrrha; — p.
Siiuatting, Pilula; opiatie — p. Squill, compound,
Pilulae scilhe composita; — p. Stahl's, see Pilulse
de aloe et foetidis — p. Starkey's, see Pilulae ex
helleboro et myrrha — p. Stomachic, see Piiulaj
aloes et kiuic kinie, and Pilul* rhej — p. Storax,
Piluhe e styrace— p. of Strychnia, Pilula; strych-
ni;e — p. of Submuriiile of mercury, compound,
Pilula; hydrargyri submuriatis composita' — p.
Tanjore, Piluhe Asiatic*— p. Turpentine, Pilulse
do terebinthina — p. Vallet's, see Ferri protocar-
bonas, and Pilulse ferri carbonatis— p. Webster's,
riLLAR
14
PILUL.E
Pilulre aloes et kinjc kinae — p. Whytt's, see Pi-
luliu de aloe et f'cKtidis.
PILLAR, Pi'lit, Coliim'na, Columd'ln, (F.)
Pilier. A name given to several parts ; as the
pillars of the velum palati, diaphragm, &c.
PILLULA, Pilula.
PILNA, MINERAL WATERS OF, see
PuUna.
P/LOiV, Pilum.
PILOSELLA, HieraciuQi piloscUa — d. Alpina,
Hieraciuiu pilosella.
PILOSUS, Pileous.
PILOUS, Pileous.
PIL'ULA, PiU'ida, plural Pil'iilm. Diminu-
tive of pila, 'a ball.' Spharid'ion, Catapo'tion,
Cdtop'otiim, Catapo'tia, Sphee'riou, Goiif/yl'ion,
Gon'gylin, Gniigylid'ium, Sphas'rula Gale'ni. A
pill. (F.) Pilule. A simple or compound medi-
cine, weighing from one to five grains, of a firm
consistence and spherical form ; ititended to be
swallowed at once, without chewing. The Pill
dift'ers from the Bolus, the latter being softer and
larger.
Medicines are often given in the form of pill,
on account of their disiigrceable taste and odour.
Pihda, also, means a Pilnlur mass.
PILULE EX ALOE, P. aloes compositae— p.
de Aloe et eambogiS,. P. aloes et cambogiae.
PlLlTL^ Aloes. P. Aloct'icfp seu ejr Aloe et,
S'lpn'ne, Aluet'ie Pill, (F.) Pilules d'aloes ou alo-
itiques. {Abies in jxdo. : sapniiis. sing, ^j ; si/r.
q. s. to form 240 pills.— Ph. U. S.) Do.se, gr. x.
to .XX, in habitual costiveness.
Pilule Aloes et Assafce'tid^, Aloctic and
Assafifitida Pills. (Aloes, assafoetidai, saponis,
sing. ,^ss; oquce, q. s. to form 180 pills. — Ph. U.
S.) Purgative and stomacic. Dose, gr. x.
Pilule Aloks et Cambo'gi.«, P. de Aloe et
Cambo'gid seu Hi/draijo'(j(P, Boii'tii, Pill of Aloes
and Camhoge, (Aloes, cconbog., gum. ammoniac,
aa p. £6. Make into a powder. Dissolve in vine-
gar; pass through a cloth; express the residuum
strongly; and afterwards evaporate, in a water-
bath, to a pilular consistence. — Ph. P.) Purga-
tive; used in dropsy. Dose, gr. xij to xxx.
Peter's Pills, — a nostrum — are formed of aloes,
jalap, acammony, and camhoge, of each equal
parts.
The basis of Morrison's Pills, often called Hy-
giene Pills, of Brandrcth's Pills, and Moffat's
Pills, is said to be filoes, with camboge, scam-
mony, <fec.
Rush's Pills were formed of calomel, aloes, and
camboge, with oil of mint.
PiLtJL,B Aloes et Colocyn'thidi.s, P. ex Co-
loeynth' ide cum aloe seu Aloes cum Oolocynthide
seu coc'cincp. seu coc'chii seu colocj/n'thidis compos' -
it(B fea coc'citr: mino'res. Pill of Aloes and Colo-
cynth., (F.) Pilules j^anchymogognes ou universel-
les, Pilules cochees. (Pulp, coloe. ,^ss ; aloes
hepat., ecammon. aa ^j ! sapon. ^ij ; ol. caryoph.
3J; syrup, q. s. — P^. D.) Cathartic. Dose, gr.
V to X or more.
Foth'ergill's Pills consist of aloes, seammony,
colorynth, And oxide of antimony ; and Harvey's
Antibilious Pills, and Rudius's Pills do not dif-
fer much from them.
PiLUL/E Aloes CoMPOs'lTiE, P. ex Aloe, Com-
pound Aloetic_ Pills. (Aloes spic. extract, cont.
^j ; ext. gentianee, ^ss ; olei carui, gtt. xl : syr.
q. s. — Ph. L.) These are sometimes, also, called
Family pills, Antibilioui pills, Ac.
PiLUL.E Aloes rt Feiuu, Pills of aloes and.
Iron. (Ferri sulphat. p. iij ; Aloes Barbad. p.
ij : Pulv. arom. p. vj ; Conserv. Rosa>, p. viij. —
Ph. Ed.) In atonic constipation. Dose, one to
three pills.
Pilule de Aloe et Fce'tidis, P. Benedic'tcs
Fuller! seu Ecphrac'tircB seu Aloes martin'len,
Pills of aloes and fetid gums. Female pills, (F.)
Pilules hfnites de Fuller. (Aloes socittr., senna,
assafvetidcs, galbani, aii ^\y, myrrh. ,^iv ; crori,
macis, ail 3 J ■ ferri sulphat. ^'ss. Kediice lu
powder separately, and add ol. snrrin. git. viij ;
syr. artcmisim, q. s. — Ph. P.) I'urgative, and
given in hysteria. Dose, gr. xv to xx.
Whyit's Pills, given in similar eases, consisted
of chloride of iron, aloes, extract of horehonml,
anil nssiifvtida.
Stahl's Pills, much used as a tonic aperient in
Germany, are made as follows: — Ferri pnlr., I^ss;
Aloes pnlv., ^ij; Ext. colvyuth., 3j j inncilng.
acacicB q. s. ut fiant pil xl.
PiUTL^ Aloes et Jalap'^*;, commonly cylled
Anderson's pills, Anderson's Scots' pills, Scotch
pills. (Aloes Barbad. Ibj ; rod. hellcb. iilgr.,
rad. jahqxB, potasses suhcarb. aa ^j ; (d. anisi,
^'\v ; syrup, sivipl. q. s. — Gray.) Dose, gr. x
to xxx.
A committee of the Philndelphia College of
Pharmacy recommend the following: Aloes Itor-
badens. ^^xxiv; saponis. ^'\v ; colocynthid. §j ;
camhogicp, ^^j ; ol. Ktnis. f 3ss.
Pilule: Aloes et Kln^e Kinje, P. stomach' ica
seu ante cibum, Pill of aloes and cinchona, (F.)
Pilules gourmandes. (Aloes socotr. ^vj ; exi. cln-
cAoH. 3'y ) cinnam. ^y, syrup, absinth, q. s. —
Ph. P.) Stomachic and laxative. Dose, gr. x.
to XX.
Lady Crespigny's pills, Lady Webster's pills.
Lady Hesketh's pills; the Pilules de l)iiclirniie,
(Qucrcetanus), the Grains de Vie ou Pilules de
Clerambourg ; the Pilules Indieniies slomaehiipies
de De la Croix, the Pilules de liarbier, and the
Pilula stomach' iccB Mesues (Ph. L. Kl'iS), resem-
ble these.
Fntnk's pills, much employed, also, as 'dinner
pills,' or, — to use the language of the eccentric
Kitchener — as 'pejttic jjersuaders,' are said to
be much used, under the name Graines de santf,
in various parts of Europe. They consist of
aloes, jalap, and rhubarb, with syrup of wurm-
icood as an excipient.
Pilule Aloes Mautiales, P. de aloe et foe-
tidis.
Pildl^ Aloes et Myrrh/E, P. aloes cnm tnyr-
rhd seu de aloe et myrrhd, P. Rnfi sen Rnffi seu
comma' nes, Rufus's or Ruffus's pills. Common
pills, Pills of Aloes anil myrrh. (Aloes, ,^ij ; croci,
in pulv. ,^ss; myrrh, ^j ; syr. q. s. to form 4S0
pills. — Ph. U. S.) Cathartic and emmenagoguo.
Dose, gr. X to xx.
Hooper's pills — possessed of similar properties
— according to one of Gray's formula; are niado
as follows: Ferri sulph., agnm, a."i, Sviij. Dis-
solve. Add aloes Barbad. tbij and ,^viij; canel-
l(B albcB, ,^vj ; gntn. myrrh. §ij ; opopanacis, Jiv.
The committee of the Philadelphia College of
Pharmacy recommend the following form: Aloes
Barhadensis, ,^viij ; ferri sulphatis exsiccat. ,^ij,
and ,^iss, vel ferri sulph. crystall. ^v ; e.rt. hel-
leb. nigr. ^^ij ; myrrh, %\y, saponis, ^ij; eanella,
in pulv. tritae, ,^j ; zingib. in pulv. trit. ,^j.
Speediman's pills consist of (does, myrrh, rhu-
barb, extract of chamomile, and essential oil of
chamomile ; and the Pills of Barthez. of aloes,
myrrh, music, camphor, and balsam o/ Peru.
PiLULyE DE Aloe et Sapone, p. aloeticic.
PiLiiL.*^- Aloes cum Zlmgib'eue, Pills of aloes
and ginger. (Aloes hepat. _^j ; rad. zingib. in
pulv. ^} ; sapon. Hispan. ,;^ss; ol. ess. menthm pip-
3ss.— Ph. D.) In habitual costiveness. Dose,
gr. x to XX.
Pilule Ammoxiure'ti Curni, P. Cnpri, Pill*
of Ammo'niuret of copper, (F.) Pilules d'amuu-
niure de cuivre. (Ammoninr. cupri, in pulv. ten.
trit., gr. xvj ; mica p>anis, Qiv; aqua carbunatn
PILUL.E
715
PILUL.E
ammnuxfK, q. a. Beat into a mass, and divide into
xxxij pills.— Ph. E.; Tonic and antispasmodic,
in epilepsy, Ac. Dose, one pill twice daily;
gr:iiluiiily increasing the dose.
I'li.iu./F, Antb Cibim, p. aloes et kinse kin».
PlLL'L.K Antibilio's^, liardm/a Aiitibil'ioua
plUi. {Extract o/coloci/iilh, ^ij ; reai'n of Jalap.
^ • "linond soap, giss ; giiaiac, ^iij ; emetic tart.
gr. viij ; oila of juniper, carraway, and roaemary,
aa iv drops ; syrup of hitclcthorn, q. s. to form 64
pilln.) Dose, two or three.
Dixon's Antihilions pills are formed of aloes,
Bcammony, rhubarb, and tartarized autimony.
PiLULJi ANTiHKiU'ETiCyE, Pilulao hydrargyri
submuriatis comp. — p. Antihystericae, P. galbani
coinpositie.
Pilule: Antiscroi'hulo's^, P. ex o.v'ido stih'ii
et hydrar'yyri aulphnre'to niyro compoa'itcB. (P.
scamuion., Iiydrarg. sulphur, niijr. aa ^ij; anti-
moiiii oxidi albi, millepejL, aapou. amy;jdalin. a&
giij; extract, (jlyeyrrh. ^v. Make into a mass.
— I'h. P.) Dose, gr. iv to xx.
PiLUL^E Antisi'astic^, p. galbani compositae
— p. Assafoetidio compositae, P. galbani compo-
sita;.
Pil,UL>E AsiAt'ic^!, Asiat'ic or Tanjore pills.
(Acid, araenios. gr. Iv ; piper, niyr. pulv., ^ix;
acacicB, q. s. ut fiant pil. 800. Each pill contains
about one-fifteenth of a grain of arsenious acid.
These pills are employed in India for the cure of
syphilis and elephantiasis.
Vu.VLK Assap(k'tid;e, Aasafet'ida pills. (As-
scifijelld. ,^iss; sapouis, ^^ss. Beat with toaler so
as to form a mass to be divided into 240 pills.
Ph. U. S.)
Pilui,;e Balsam'ic^, p. Docto'ris Ilorton.
(MiUeped. pulverisat. .^xviij ; gum amnion. g.\j ;
and. benzoic, .^vj ; croci, hahami Peruv. aa ,^j ;
balsam, sulph. anisat. ^vj. Mix. — Ph. P.) Tonic,
expectorant, and balsamic.
Pilule Benedicts Fulleri, P. de aloe et
fa'tidis.
Vu.vLX Calomelanos CoMPOsiTiE, P. Hydrar-
gyri subinuriiitis compositae.
PlLUL.e CALOirKL'ANOS ET Opii, P. Rydrar'-
(l!/ri chlor'idi et o'pii, Pills of Calomel and Opium.
(Uydrarg. chlorid. mit. p. iij ; Opii p. j ; Con/evt.
RoH.q. s. To be divided into pills each contain-
ing two grains of calomel. — Ph. Ed.)
PlMTL.K CAMBo'GIyE CoMPOs'lTyE, P. de gnttd
gaman'dra seu hi/drar/o'ga> sen gnmmignttcB aloet'-
ic(B, Gamboge pills, Compound camboge pills, (F.)
Pilules de yomme gutte compoaees. {Cambogice
coutrilcB, nloes spicat. extract, contriti., pulv. cin-
nam. comp. sing, ^j ; saponis, ^ij.— Ph. L.) Ca-
thartic. Dose, gr. X to xx.
Morrison's Pills are said by Dr. Paris to be
nothing more than the above, with the addition
of a small portion o( cream of tartar.
Pii/uL.B Cathau'tic^ Co.mpos'it/e, Compound
cathartic pills. (Ext. coloci/nth. comp. in pulv.
5'S; ext. Jalapai in pulv.. hydrarg. chlorid. mit.
"^ 3'iJ !.'/"'"*"!/• in pulv. 9 ij. M. Form into a
mass with water, and make into 180 pills.— Ph.
U. S.) Three for a dose.
PiLULvE Cocciiii. P. aloes et coloeynthidis — p.
CoceiiB minores, P. aloes et coloeynthidis — p.
CocfiniB, P. aloes et coloeynthidis — p. Colchiei
et digitalis, P. Lartigue's — p. Coloeynthidis eom-
positie, P. aloes et coloeynthidis — p. ex Colocyn-
thlde cum aloe, P. aloes et, coloeynthidis.
PiL(M,.ic CoLOCvNTn'inis et IIvoscy'ami, Pills
of C'docyiith and Henbane. [Pil. Colocynth.
ciimp. p. ij ; ^xt. Hyoscyaiii. p. i. — Ph. E.) Dose,
gr. V to gr. XX.
Pii,ri,.E CosfMrNRS, P. aloes et myrrhae.
PlI.HL.E CoNII CoMPOs'lT.B, Compound Pill of
Hemlock. (Ext. Conii ^v : Ipecac. Y)u\\'.^; The-
riac. q. s. — Ph. L.) Do.se, gr. v three times a day.
PiluLjE Ciipri, p. amraoniureti cupri.
Pilule Copa'ibvE, Pills of Copaiba. '(Copnib.
i5'J; »«'g)iesia, recente pr;epar. gj. Mix and
set aside till it concretes into a pi'lular mass, to
be divided into 200 pill?.— Ph. U. S.) Each pill
contains nearly five grains of copaiba. Two to
six for a dose.
PiLVLjE Cupri Ammonia'ti, Pills of ammo'ni.
ated Copper. (Cupri ammon. in pulv. p. j ; mi.-re
pants, p. vj; Liq. amnion, carbouut. q. s. — Ph.
E.) Dose, one to six pills.
PILUL.E DE CynOGLOS'sO, P. de extrac'to o'pii.
(Pulv. rad. cynoglnm., aemin. hyoscyam. alb., ex-
tract, opii vinos, aa ^iv ; pulv. myrrh, ^vj : oliban.
^v; croci, castor., aa ^iss ; syrup oj,ii, q. s.
Ph. P.) Anodyne. In cough, <fec. Dose, gr. iv
to gr. viij.
P1L11L.E Depuhantks, P. hydrargyri submu-
riatis compos.
Pilule Digita'lis et Scxi.i.jk, Pills of Digi-
talia and Squill. (Digital., Scilla, ai p. j ;
Elect, aromat. p. ij.— Ph. E.) One or two pii'u
for a dose.
P1LUL.E Ecphractic^, p. de aloe et foetidis.
Pilule Fkhri CAUBotiA'Ti^, Pills of carbonate
of iron, Vallet\ pills, Vallet's ferrn'qinous pills.
(Ferri sulpli. ^viij ; sodm carbonai. ^x ; 3/,/.
despumat. .^iij ; sacchar. ^ij ; aqum hulliculis, Oij ;
syrup, q. s. Dissolve the sulphate of iron and
carbonate of soda, each in a pint of the water,
and to each solution add a fluidoiince of syrup;
then mix the two solutions in a bottle just"larue
enough to contain them ; close it accurately wi7h
a stopper, and set it liy, that the carbonate of
iron may subside. Pour off the liquid, and having
washed the precipitate with warm water, svveet^
ened with syrup in the proportion of f^^j of the
latter to Oj of the former, until the washings no
longer have a saline taste, place it upon a (iannel
cloth, and exi)ress as much water as possible ;
then mix it with the honey and sugar. Lasth-'
heat the mixture in a water-bath, until it attains
a pilular consistence. — Ph. U. S.)
PlLULvE FeiUU CoMPOs'lTyE. P. ferri cum viyr-
rhd, Compound pills of iron, Griffith's Pills, (F.)
Pilules de fer cornposees. (Jfyrrh. in pulv. Zij ;
soda aubcarb., ferri anlph. aa ^ ; 91/rup, q. s.
Mix, to form 80 pills.— Ph. U. s!) Tonic. Dose^
gr. x to XX.
PlLULvE Ferrt Iod'idi, Pills of Iodide of iron.
(Ferri sulphat. ^J ; Potass, iodid. "^W;' trac/cf.
canth. pulv. gr. x; sacchar. \)Vi\y.^ss. Beat with
syrup into a mass, to form 40 pilfs.— Ph. U. S.)
Dose, one tt) three where a tonic and eutrophic
is indicated.
PiLUL.E Ferri cum Myrrha, P. Ferri compo-
sitaj.
Pilule Ferri Sulpha'tis, Pills of Sulphate
of Iron. (Ferri sulph. exsicc. p. i j ; Ext. Taroxac.
p. v; Conserv. Posw p. ij ; Gly'cyrrhiz. pulv. p.
iij- — Ph- E.) Dose, gr. v to gr. xx.
Pn,UL.« FcETiDyE. P. galbani composite.
P1HIL.E Gal'basi Compos'it.15, p. assafcetidce
compos' itee sea fe'tidee seu gummo'sas seu e gnmmi
seu antiipas'ticcR seu antihyster'ica: seu murrhm
compos'itcB, Compound gal'bannm pill. Gum pill.
(Galhan., myrrhcR, aa .^^vj ; assafietidce, X\\\
syrup, q. s. to form 240 pills.— Ph. U. S.) Anti-
spasmodic and emmenagogue. Dose "t. x to
XX. ' " '
Pilule: Gummi. P. galbani compositre — p.
Gummi guttaj aloeticae, P. cambogire coinpositje
— p. Gummosa;, P. galbani compositre— p. do
Gutta gamandra, P. cambogiio composiftfi.
PiLUL.*: EX IIelleb'ouo et MyrriiA, p. ton'.
ic(B, Backer's pills, Tonic pills of Jiarher, Pills
of hellebore and myrrh. (Ext. helleb. nir,.,
myrrh, na. ^} ; fol. cardui benedict, in pulv.
3"J- M. — Ph. P.) Tonic and emmenagogue.
PILUL.E
716
PILUL.E
In dropsical, cutaneous, and verminous .affections.
Dose, gr. iv to gr. viij.
Matthewn's pills, — Starkey'ii pills, are formed
of rad. helleb. in'yr., rad. (fli/c;/rrh., snpou. Cnstlll..,
rud. c 11 re II III cp, opii piirif., syrup, croei, aa ^iv;
ol. tereb. q. s. ut fiat iiiassa. — Gray.
Pha'l.e HYnrtAGOG.E, P. cambogias composita;
— p. llydra.jrogifi Bontii, Pilulas aloes et cauibogiii?.
Pilule IIyduar'gyki, P. merciiria'lts, Mer-
ciirial or Blue pill, (F.) Pilules de Mercure.
{Hydrnrrj. purif. ^j ; conf. routs, ,^'SS; glyeyrrh.
pulv. 5ss. Rub the quicksilver with the confec-
tion, until the globules disap[)ear; then add the
liquorice powder, and bent the whole into a uniform
mass, to be divided into 480 pills. — Ph. U. S.) Anti-
syphilitic ; mercurial ; — in large doses, purgative.
A purgative pill, much prescribed by Mr. Aber-
nethy, and called Ahemethy's pill, consisted of
]iiL hydrarcj. gr. x; j"l(tp. pulv. gr. xx ; syrup,
rliamui, q. s. ut fiant pil. vj. Two were given at
night, and the next morning a wineglassful of
iiifiisum eeuiicB.
PiLUL^E Hydratigyri Chloridi et Opii, P.
Caloinelanos et Opii.
PiLt'L/E Hydrah'gyri Ciilo'ridi Mitis, Pills
of mild chloride of merruri/, Cal'mnel pills. {Hy-
drurg. cldorid. mit. .^.-is ; acacits, in pulv. 5J >
syriq). q. s. ut fiant pU. 240. — Ph. U. S.) Each
jiill contains one grain.
PlLUL.15 DE HvmiARGYRO, ScAMMO'NIO ET
Aloe, vulgo Merctria'les, (F.) Pilules Jlfer-
ciirielles ou de Mercure, Scnmmoiiee et Aloes,
{flydrnrg, purif. ^j ; mellis, ,^xj. Rub until the
globules disappear; then fuliX nloes Soent., scarn-
iiion. 0.0, t^\y, mitcis, ciiiiiam. &T\, "^Vy Make into
a mass. — Ph. P.) Uses, same as the last, but
they are more purgative. Dose, gr. viij to xxx.
These pills are nearly the same as the Pastilles
de Renniulot.
PiLUL/E KX IIyduargyro Muriatico miti cum
SiTLPHUHE Stibiato Aurantiaco, Pilulae hydrar-
gyri submurialis composita;.
PlLUL/E HYnUARGYRI SlIBMURIATIS CoMPOS-
ITIF., P. f.x slib'io et liydrar'gyro seu antiherpet'-
iece seu ex liijilrargyro muriut'ico miti cum sul'-
phure stibia'to auriiintidco seu resolveii'tes cum
merciirio seu depuraiites .seu hydrnrgyri submii-
liiitis, Pilulm Hydrar'gyri chlor'idi compo'sitce,
Pilid<B rnhiiiiel'nuos compos' it <B, Coiiipouud Calo-
omel pill, Coiiipound pills of siibmiiriate of mer-
cury, Udlitmel pills, Plummer' spills, liedpill. (Hy-
driirg. subiiiiir., antimon. sulphur, precipitnt. sing.
,-?'J )■ gu'iiiic. gum, resin, coiitrit. ^\v ; spirit rect.
^^s. Beat together. — Ph. L.) Mercurial, and
reputed to be diaphoretic and alterative. Dose,
gr. V to X.
^Lake's pilulfi saliUa'ria resembles these. It
is used in syphilis.
PlHII,.« lIVDIlAItGYRI SlIBMURIATIS ET OpiI,
P. Caloinelanos et Opii.
PiLUL.*: Ipecacuan'iIjE et Opii, Pills of Ipecn-
cuaiiha nnd Opium. (Piilr. /pecnc.et Opii, p. iij ;
Vonserv. ItosoB, p. j. — Ph. E.) One grain of opium
in about thirteen grains.
VihVhM Ipecacuan'h.e cum Scilla, Pills of
Ipecacuanha with Squill. (Pulv. Ipecac, comp.
,^'ij ; ScillcB pulv., Ammoniac, in pulv. aa ^j >
Theriac. q. s. — Ph. L.) Dose, gr. v to S.
PiluLjB Mbrcuriales. p. hydrargyri. P. de
hydrargyro, scammonio et, nloe — p. Doctoris Mor-
ton, P. balsamicie — p. Myrrhae compositae, P.
GMlhani coinposUae.
Pilule 0e>ia't^, PHuIcb Opii (Ph. U. S.), P.
Theba' ic(E, Opiate pills. Common night pills. Ano-
dyne pills, (Prov.) Squatting pills, Nepen'thes
ot)ia'tum, (F.) Pilules opiacees. (Opii pulv.
^] ; sapoii. gr. xi.i ; to be made into 60 pills. — Ph.
tJ. S.) Each pill contains a grain of opium.
Pilule de Extuacto Opii, P. de cynoglosso
— p. ex Oxido stibii et hydrnrgyri sulphureto
nigro composita?, Piluhe antiscro|)hulosao.
Pii.uLi*: Plumbi Oima't^, O'jdate J'ills of
Lead. (Plumb, acelat., p. vj ; Opii, p. j ; Con-
serv. Rosa, p. j. To be made into four grain
pills. — Ph. E.) Each pill contains three grniiia
of acetate of lead.
PiLui.* Resolvkntes cum Mercuiuo, P. hy-
drargyri submuriatis compos. — p. de Rhabarl)aro,
Pilulae rhei composita;.
The stomachic nostrum, sold under the name
of Moseley'e pills, consists merely of rhubarb and
ginger.
Pilule Qui'ni.e Sulpha'tis, Pills of sulphate
of qiiiiiia. (Qiiin. sulph. ^y, aracice, in pulv.
jij ; mel. q. s. ut fiant pilulae 480. — Ph. U. S.)
Each pill contains a grain of the sulphate of
quinia.
PiluLjE RheJ, Pills of Rhubarb. (Rhej pulv,
3;vj; saponis, ,^ij. M. et fiant pil. 120. — Ph. U.
S.) Each pill contains throe grains of rhubarb.
A good dinner or stomachic jiill is made of
Rhej pulv. ,!^ij ; Capsic. pulv. gj ; make into a
mass with molasses, and divide into 60 pills.
Dose, two or three before dinner.
PiluLjE Rhei Compos'iTjE, P. de Rhahar'bnm,
Compound rhubarb jjills. (Rhei, pulv. ,^j : aloes,
pulv. 3^'j ; myrrh, pulv. 3'v; ol, mehthcBpip. fj.ss.
Beat into a mass, with syrup of orange-peel, to
form 240 pills. — Ph. U. S.) Laxative and sto-
maohic. Dose, gr. x to xx.
PiLUi.vE RiiE.1 ET Ferri, Pills of Rhubarb and
Troll. (Ferri sulph. exsiccat. p. iv ; £xt. Rhej, p. x ;
Conserv. Rosa-., p. v. Make into five grain pill.s.)
Dose, as a tonic and laxative, two or three pills.
Griffitt's pills, so called after Dr. S. P. Orifiitt?,
of Philadelphia, who prescribed them as a toiiio
aperient, were formed as follows: — Rhej, pulv.
I^iss; ferri sulph. ^ss ; saponis, Qu j aqua', q. s.
ut fiat massa in pil. xl dividenda. Dose, three or
four at bedtime.
Pilule Run, P. aloes et myrrhae — p. .Salu-
taria3, Leake's, see Pilulae hydrargyri submuriatis
compositae — p. Saponaceae, P. saponis cum opio
— p. Saponis compositae, P. saponis cum o])io.
PiLUL.E SaPO'nIS ComPOS'iTvE, P. Sapona'cea
seu sapo'nis compos'ita;. Pills of soap and opium,
(F.) Pilules de savon et d'opiiim. (Opii, ^ss;
sapon. ^\j. M. — Ph. U. S.) Five grains contain
one of opium.
The Pharmacopoeia of the United States has a
form for the PIlulcB opii. Opium pills, as well as
for the PiluleB sajionis compos i t m ; the only differ-
ence between them being in the proportion of the
ingredients. See Pilulse opiatap.
Pilule e Soim.a, P. scillae compositra.
Pilulae Scill.e Compos'ita, P. seillit'icm seu
scillcB cum zingib'ere seu e seilld, Comjxjund squill
pill. (ScillcE, pulv. J5J ; zingib. pulv., ammoniac.
pulv. aa ^ij ; saponis, 2[iij ; syrup, q. s. ut fiant
pil. 120. — Ph. U. S.) 'Dose, two pills. Expec-
torant and diuretic. Dose, gr. x to xx.
PiLi!L^ Scn.L.E CUM ZixciBERE, P. scillaB com-
positae — p. Scillitieae, P. scilhe compositae — p. ex
Stibio et hydrargyro, P. hydrargyri subinur.com-
pos. — p. Stomachicae, P. aloes et kinae kina;.
PiLUL/E Strych'him, Pills of Strychnia. (Very
pure strychnine, 2 gr. ; conserve of roses, Jss.
Make into 24 pills.) One or two for a dose.
Pilule Sty'racis, P. S. Compos'ita:, Siorax
Pills. (Slyracis pur. ^vi ; opii, croei, sing. JJij.
— Ph. E.) Five grains contain one of opium.
Pilule Sublingualrs, Ilypoglottidcs.
PiLUL/E DE TRREBIN'TniNA, Turpentine Pills.
Made of turpentine boiled in 3 times its weight
of water, until, when thrown into cold water, it
forms a soft paste, which has the properties of
turpentine, and has been administered in gleet, <fcc.
riLULAR
17
PINEA
PiLn^.i? Thi:b,\ic.e, P. opiataj — p. TonicjE, P.
ex IIellel)c)r() et iiivrrh^.
PrL'lir.AR, I'iUln'rh, (F.) Pilnlaire, from
j)lli(l(t, 'a |(ill.' Relating to pills, — as 'apiliilar
mass,' 'piht/iir form,' <fec.
PILULES, Pilul8B — p. Agrffjntives, see Aggre-
gate— /). (V Aloes ou aloetiqiten, Pilulas aloeticiB —
p. d'Aiiiiiiiiniure de cuivi-e, Pilulae ammoniureti
cupri — p. de lidrhier, see Pilulne Aloos et kinae
kina! — p. Iihiite» de Fuller, Pilulse de aloe et
foelidis— /). CochieH, Pilulye aloes et colocynthidis
—p. de JJiichemie, see PiluliB Aloes et kina; kinse
— p. ds Fer componeet, Pilulai ferri eotnposita; —
p. Fo-ruijinciiieH dc Vullct, see Ferri protocarbo-
nas — p. O'oitimandes, Pilulae aloes et kinae kinsB
— p. hidieiinea stomachiques de Delacroix, see
Pilulae aloes et kinoo kinae — p. de Lartlyne, Pill,
Lartigue's — /). de jrerciire, Pilule hydrargyri — p.
de Mercure, <fcc., PiluliB do hydrargyro, et scam-
monio et aloe — p. Mercurielles, Piluhe de hydrar-
gyro, scammonio et aloe — p. Opiacees, Pilulce
opifttae — ;). Punchi/mngognei. Pilulae aloes et colo-
cynthidis — }>• '^^ Savon et d' Opium, Pilulae saponis
cum opio — p. Univeraelhs, Pilulae aloes et colo-
cynthidis.
PILULTER (¥.), Pill Machine. An instrument
for rolling and dividing pills. Also the earthen
pot in which pills are preserved.
PILUAI, Pistil'liis, PixtiUum, Ih/p'eros, Cer'.
cit, (F.) Pilon. A pestle. A wooden, iron, bell-
metal, marble, agate, porcelain, or glass instrument
for beating or dividing substances in a mortar.
A sprimj penile is one attached above to a
spring, so as to take off the weight, and thus
lessen the labour of pounding.
PILUS, Capillus, Caul, Hair.
PIMELE. Fat.
PIMKLECCIiySIS, Pimelorrhoca.
PIMKLICUS, Fatty.
PIMELI'TIS, from TuyttU, Tat,' and ills, de-
noting inflammation. Inflammation of the adi-
pous tissue.
PIMELODES, Fatty.
PIMELO'MA, from iriuiXr,, 'fat.' A fatty
swelling.
PIMELORRHCE'A, Pin,elcr'c7,,/si^, from
iri/itXi;, 'fat.' and pew, 'I flow.' A morbid dis-
charge or disappearance of fat.
PIMELORTJIOPN(E'A. Piorthopnoe'a ; from
riucXr), 'fat,' op9of, 'upright,' and vveciv, 'to
breathe.' Dyspnoea, practicable only in the erect
attitude, owing to fat.
PIMETjO'SIS, Obes'itas nim'ia, from tti/hcXi;,
'fat.' Conversion into, or formation of, fat, — as
Pimclo'sia hepat'ica, 'fatty degeneration of the
liver.'
PiMELOsis IIepatica, Adiposis hcpatica — p.
Nimia, see Polysarcia.
PI.V/i.YT, Capsicum annuum — p. d'Ean, Poly-
gonum hydropiper — p. Roijal, Myrica gale.
PIMEXTA, see Myrtus pimenta.
PIMEXT.E BACC/E, see Myrtus pimenta.
PIMEXTO. see Myrtus pimenta.
PIMPERXEL, BLUE, Scutellaria lateriflora
—p. Red, .'Vnagallis — p. Scarlet, Anagallis arven-
Si." — p. W.itor, Veronica beccabunga.
PIMITEIM, Piper lon-um.
PIMPINEL, {hipinella or hipennula, from the
doiilile pennate order of its leaves,) see Pimpinella.
PiMiTNKr, Itai.iav. Sangiiisorba officinalis.
PIMPrXEM.A ALB.a', p. sa.xifraga — p. An-
gelicicf'olia. Ligusdcuiii ]>odagraria.
Pimi'IVRL'la ANi'.siTjf, Aiiiae plant, Aninnm
(Ph. U. S.), A. ofiiciiin'le seu vnlr/a're Siaon ani'-
sum, A'piiim nni'sum, Soln'men inteatino'rtim, Ane'-
ii'in, (F.) Ania, lioncar/e n„ia. Ord. Umhelliferfe.
Spx. Si/st. Pcntnndria Digynia. A native of
Egypt. The seeds, Ani'anm, (Ph. U. S.) Scm'ina
Aiii'ai, An'iaeed, (Old Eng.) Aneya, have an aro-
matic odour; and a sweetish, warm, grateful
taste. They are carminative, and used in dyspep-
sia and in tormina of infants. Dose, gr. xv to
3J, bruised. The oil,— Or.KiM Axi'si, (F.) Hui/e
d'ania—\s officinal. Dose, ^tt. v to xv. Most of
the oil used in this country under the name of
Oil of Aniae is said to be obtained from lUicium
Aitisatinn.
Aqnn ani'ai, Aniae water, (Ph. D.) is made by
mixing a fluidounce of eaaence of aniae, with half
a gallon (Imp. moas.) of diatilled water, and fil-
tering through paper.
PiMPiNKi,i,A, Grkatkr, p. magna— p. Ilircina,
P. Saxifraga — p. Laterifolia, Sion ainmi.
Pimpin'f.l'la Magna seu nigra seu major seu
rvbra ; Greater Pimpinel'la ; tragoaeli'nnm maq.
num seu majiia, Daucna, Ci/an'opna, (F.) Bovca'ge
niajeiir. The root has been extolled as diuretic
and resolvent, as well as in erysipelatous ulcera-
tions, tinea capitis, rheumatism, Ac.
PiMPiNKu.A Ma.;or, p. magna — p. Nigra, P.
magna — p. Nostras, P. saxifraga — p. Officinalis,
Sanguisorba officinalis — p. Rubra. P. ma^na.
PiMPlNELI.A Saxif'raGA, Sax'i/rage, ^Burnet
aax'ifrage, Pote'rinm aanguiaor'ha, Sorbaafrel'la,
Tragoaeli'nnm, T. aaxif'ragn, Pimpinel'la hirci'na
seu nnihellif'era seu alba seu voalraa, (P.) Bon-
cage m incur. Petit li., Pimprenetle, Rompt-pierre.
The toot has an unpleasant smell, and hot. pun-
gent, bitterish taste. It has been recommended
as a stomachic, ■ and as a stimulating gargle in
paralysis of the tiin<rue.
PiMPiNKLi.A Umbklmfera, P. saxifra^a
PIMPLE. Papula.
PIMPLED. Papulose.
PIMPREXELLE, Pimpinella saxifraga— p.
Noire. Saiiffuisiirba officinalis.
PIN. Perhaps from pmnum, low Latin: or
frotn apina [?].^Spina fer'rca, Spi'nula, Acna
capita' ta, (F. ) Epingle. An iron or brass instru-
ment, generally of a small size, pointed at one
extremity, and having a head at the other. It is
used, in Surgery, to fix rollers and dressings;
and occiisi<innIlv in sutures.
PI\ A^ND WEB. Caligo. '
PIN A PiaSON, see Pinus pieea.
PIXASTELLUM, Peucedanura.
PIXASTEK, Pinus sylvcslris.
PIXBOXE. L-chi-.n.
PINCE. Forceps — p. <t Annennx, see Forceps
— p. a Diasection. see Forceps^p. <? Ligatnre, see
Forceps-;). Lilhodraaaiqne, see Lithodrasiic— ju.
Panacin'-nl. see Forceps.
PINCE. Pinched.
PTNCKE, Pugillus.
PINCERS. Forceps.
PfNCETTE. Forceps.
PINCHED, (iu'frac'tna. Rctrac'tiia. (T.) Pinrf,
Grippf. An epithet applied to the face, when
the feiitures are contracted orshrunken : as in vio-
lent abdominal nffectioiis or during intense pain
PINCKXEY'A PUBEXS. P. P„bc,'ceua,
Georgia Rark, Bitter Bark. Florida Bark. Fcrcr
tree. This bark has been used in Georgia in the
cure of intermittents, and successfully. It is a
powerful bitter. Dose of the powder,^).
PIXDARS. Araehis Hypogea.
PIXE APPLE. Bromelia ananas — p. Apher-
nousli, Pinus ceinbra — p Ground. Lycopodium
complanatuin — p. Ground, stinking, Camphoros-
ma Monspeliaea — p. Loblolly. Pinus ta>da — p.
Mountain, see Pinus mushos — p. Mu:rho, see
Pinus nuighos — p. Prince's, Pyrola umbellnta —
p. Sap. American, Hypopitys lanuirinosa — p.
Stone, Pinus pinea — p. Sugar, see Arrow Root
— p. Yellow. Pinus pahistris.
PINEA, Pinus pinea.
PINEAL
718
PINUS MUGIIOS
PINE'AL, Pine't'lis, from pinus, 'a pine.'
That which resembles a pine-apple.
PiNKAL Glamd, O'lKiiiliiln piiieti'lh, Cerebral
epiph'ynU, Cona'rium, ConnVdes corpus, Corjms
(itrbiiin'tum, Penis seu Virgci seu Turbo cerebri,
is a small body, of a conical shape; pale red or
grayish colour; and soft censistence; situate be-
ttt'een the fornix and the tubercula quadrigemina.
It, almost always contains sabulous particles,
Snh'idum coiia'rii. Brain Sand, Piiie'al Sand.
AVlien these are grouped together over the base
of the gland, they form the Acer'vidns Cer'ebri
of Scimmering, Acer'vidi seu LnplVli glnn'dida
pinea'Us. From its anterior parts arise two me-
dullary striffi, which proceed over the posterior
commissure; coast along the optic thalami, and
unite at the anterior pillar of the fornix, — the
JIiibe'iicR, Hdben'ula: or reins of llie pineal </liind
— Peduncidi cona'rii, see Peduncles of the Pineal
Gland.
The uses of the pineal gland are unknov^n.
Descartes supposed it to be the seat of the soul !
PiNKAL Sand, see Pineal gland.
PINEI, see Pinus pinea.
PINEOLI, see Pinus pinea.
PINE US PURGANS, Jatropha curcas.
PINEWEED, Hypericum sarothra.
PIN(ilUEC'ULA, Ptenjij'inm pin</ue seu lar-
d(('ceiim, from pingnis, 'fat,' 'fatty.' A small,
whitish-yellow tumour in the sclerotic conjunc-
tiva and subjacent areolar tissue, close to the
margin of the cornea on its nasal or temporal
side ; so called from its being supposed, but erro-
necmsly, to be of a fatty nature.
PINGUEDO, Fat — p. Renalis, Nephridion.
PINGUIC'ULA VULGA'RIS, {pingnis, 'fat,')
P. alpi'na, Snnic'uJn monta'na seu Ehoracen'sis,
Vi'ola pnlas'tris, Dodecath'eon Plin'ii, lliitter-
wort, Yorkshire San'icle. Ord. Lentibulaceaj.
Sex. Si/sf. Diandria Monogynia. The unctuosity
of this plant has caused it be applied to chaps,
and as a pomatum to the hair. Decoctions of the
leaves, in broths, are used by the common paople
in Wales as a cathartic.
PINGUID, Fatty.
PINGUIDINOUS, Fatty.
PINGUIN, Bromelia pinguin.
PINGUITUDO, Polysarcia adiposa.
PINHOLE PUPIL, see Pupil, pinhole.
PINHONES INDICI, Jatropha curcas.
PINK, CAROLINA, Spigelia Marilandica.
Pink Dye. Stripped snfflowcr, 3J, subcarb. of
potass, gr. xviij, spirit of ivine, 3^''j i ^ligest for
two hours; add distilled water, ^iy, digest for
two hours more, and add distilled vinegar or
lemon juice q. s., to reduce it to a fine rose-colour.
Used as a cosmetic.
Pink, Ground, Silene Virginiea — p. Indian,
Spigelia Marilandica — p. Wild, Silene Virginiea.
PINKROOT, Spigelia marilandica — p. Deme-
rura, Spigelia anthelmia.
PINNA, Ala, Pavilion of the ear — p. Marina,
see Bissus.
PINNACULUM FORNICIS GUTTURALIS,
Uvula.
PINNtE HEPATIS, Lobes of the liver — p.
Karis, see Nasus.
PINNULA, Aileron.
PINNULE IIEPATIS, Lobes of the liver.
PINO'LI (S.)- A preparation used for subsist-
ence on long journeys in the West. It is parched
corn, beaten or ground very fine, and sweetened
with sugar, to be used with water, and drunk on
the march. It is the cold flour of the Indians,
and early Western pioneers.
PINONCILLO TREE, Castiliognia lobata.
PINSWEAL, Furunculus.
PINT, Octarius.
PINTA, from (S.) pintar, 'to paint.' Pine
stain: a disease, which is said to prevail in Mex-
ico, and to be a variety of Pityriasis versicolor.
PINUS A'BIES. P. excel' s'a seu pice',,, A'bies,
A. rubra seu exeetsn seu )>icea, El'ate ihelei'a,
Pice'a, Noricat/ S/ir ice Fir, Yew-leared Fir.
Nat. Ord. Conifenv. Sex. Si/st. Mona'cia Monn-
delphia. The tops are used in making Suruce
Beer.
Essence of Spruce, Esaen'tia Abie'tis, is a fluid
extract, prepared by decoction from the twigs of
this species of fir. From this is made Spruce
Beer.
This fir afibrds the Burgundy pitch and com-
mon frankincense. 1. Pur'gundi/ or White pitch,
Pix Burguii'dica seu alba seu ar'ida seu nhieli'na
seu abie'tis (Ph. U. S.), Resi'ua abie'tis hn'mida,
K. alba hnmida, Pini abie'tis resina spunte con-
cre'ta, (F.) Poix blanche ou grasse ou jaune ou
de Bonrgogne. This prej)ared concrete juice is
of a close consistence, rather soft, of a reddish-
brown colour, and not unpleasant smell. It is
very adhesive to the skin ; and, consequently,
forms excellent plasters for remaining upon tlie
part for some time ; — as in cases of airectioiis of
the chest. 2. Abie'tis Resi'na (Ph. L. since
1809), Common Frankincense, Perrosin, Thus,
Th. foemini'num seu vulga're, Olib'annm vidgare.
seu sylves'tre, Pesina abietis sicca. Resin of the
Sjirnce Fir. It is solid, dry, brittle ; externally,
brownish-yellow ; internally, whitish. Used in
plasters like the last.
Pinus Abiks, see P. pieea — p. Alba, P. pioca.
Pinus Balsamb'a, A'biee balsame'n seu Iml-
samij'era, Peu'cea balsame'a. Balsam fir. The
tree which affords the Canada Balsam, Balsnmum
Canaden'se seu de Can'ada, Resina strobili'va,
Terebinth'ina Canaden'sis seu Pi}ii bul same' m, Ca-
nada Turpentine or Balsam. Balsam of Fir, (F.)
Baume de Canada, is one of the purest turi)en-
tines. It has the common properties of those
substances.
Pinus Canaden'sis, Abies Canaden'sis, Jfcm-
lock. Hemlock. Spruce. A tree, which is abundant
in Canada, Nova Scotia, and the more northern
parts of New England, and is found in the ele-
vated and mountainous regions of the Middle
States. The pitch — Pix Canadensis, Canada
Pitch, Hemlock Pitch — obtained from it is com-
monly known under the name Hendock Gum.
Pinus Candicans, P. Picea.
Pinus Cesibra, P. Monta'na, Aphernons'lt
Pine. It yields an agreeably scented turpen-
tine:— tiie ('arpa'thian Balsam, Bal'sumnm Car-
path' icnm seu Lil/'ani, Carpath'ieum, Rriau<;on
Tur'jientine. The nuts, Cembro nuts, Nu'clei Cem-
brce, have an eatable kernel, and yield oil. The
shoots yield Riga Balsam by distillation.
Pinus Damar'ra, Ag'athis Damarra, grows in
the East India Islands. The juice speedily con-
cretes into a very hard resin, — the Bamarra tur-
pentine.
Pinus Excelsa, P. abies — p. Gallica, P. picca.
Pinus Larix, A'bies larix, Larix, L. commn'-
nis seu decid'ua seu Europa'n seu pi/rumida'lis.
The Larch, (F.) Melize. From this tree exudes
Or' emberg gum, Bri'a)ti;rm manna, Gumiiii lar icis
seu Oremburgen'se seu Uralen'se, Manna Rrigan-
ti'na seu larice'a. It also yields, by boring. Com-
mon Venice Turpentine, Resina Lnr'icis, Terebin-
thina Ven'eta seu larici'na, Pini Lar'icis rrei'na
liq'uida, (F.) TSrebenthine de Veuise ou de M(-
leze. It is usually thinner than the other sorts
of turpentine.
Pinus Mughos. The Mountain or Mugho Pine,
Pinus Pumil'io. From the extremities of the
branches exudes the Resi'na Strobili'na, of the
Germans, or Hungarian Balsam. It is also ob-
tained, by expression, from the cones. By dis-
PINUS PALUSTRIS 719
tillatioi), the Ilunfjarian balsam affurda the Krum-
hiitz oil, Oleum Tonpliiium.
PiNUs Paliistris, see Pinus sylvestris.
PiNUS Pick'a, /'. Alnen, A'bies, A. pice'n seu
jiecliiKi't't seu Gtil'lica seu (tlliu seu cnii'dictuis
Ht'U viilr/it'n's seu tiijri/o'lia, Eiiiopenii Hih-er Fir
Tree, El'iite, (F.) Supiii commiiii. By piercing
the tubercles of the bark of tliis tir, the Strnnbiny
Tuipetitinc is obtained: — the Resi'na Abie' tin
(Ph. L. before 1809), Oleum Abietin, Terebinth' iua
Aryentoniteii'gia.
PiNcs Pinaster, see P. sylvestris.
PiNliS Pi'nea. Stone Pine, Pinea, Phnm, P.
vher'rima seu soti'vci. The nuts, Zirbel nuts,
J'ine nutu, Nu'dei Pi'nea, Pinei, Pine'oli, (F.)
Pin (1 piynoiiH, are eaten raw, or preserved like
almonds. They are, also, used in emulsions.
Pinus Pumilio, see Pinus Mughos — p. Sativa,
P. pinea.
Pinus Sylves'this, Pinna'ter, Pence, Scotch
Fir. This pine, as well as P. marit'ima {P.
J'iiKister), and other species of Pinus, affords
coiniiion turpentine and its oil, resin, tar, and
pitch. 1. Common Turpentine of Europe, Tcre-
hiulh'inii, T. vuhpt'ria seu commu'nis, lieaina piiii,
Jlijon,^ Horse Turpentine, Bordeiiux Turpentine,
(F.) Terfhinthine de Bordertujc, Terebinthine com-
mune, is obtained by wounding the tree in hot
weather. It is used, chiefly, as a dressing for
wounds, Ac, in horses, and for the distillation of
the oil, (see Oleum Terebinthinai.) The white
'Turpentine, or common 'Turpentine of America —
Terebinth'ina, Ph. U. S. — is produced chiefly
from Pinus paluatris. Yellow pine, and P. tadn,
LohloUy pine, and perhaps from other species in-
habiting the Southern States. When the oil is
distilled with water, yellow resin, or Rosin, {Re-
ei'na, Ph. U. S.)—liesinn Jlamt— is left, which is
only used in the formation of ointments and
plasters. If without the addition of water, the
residuum is common resin or Colophon;/. 2.
When the cold begins to check the e.xudation of
the common turpentine, part of it concretes in
tlie wounds. This is called, in France, Gallipot,
Jliirras; and White Rosin, Rcsina alba, when
liardened after long exposure to the air. 3. When
the old trees are subjected to distillation, in a
coarse manner, Tar is obtained — H;/<jropissos,
Pissa, Pix ce'dria seu liq'nida, Resi'na piui em-
pi/reumat'ica liq'nida, Terebinth'ina empt/reu-
vint'ica.Alchitram, Alchitu'ra, Cedria, {F.)'Gou.
dron, 0. v^;/etale, Poix Uquide, Brai liquide.
Tar water. Aqua Pice'a seu Picis, In/u'sum Picis
liq'nidm seu Picis empijrenmatica liquidcB, Po'tio
pice'a, (F.) Eiiit de Gondron, which is made by
mixing two pints of tar with a gallon of water,
stirring with a wooden rod for fifteen minutes,
and, when the tar has subsided, straining and
keeping in well stopped bottles, was, at one time,
a fashionable remedy in numerous complaints,
and its use has been revived, since its virtues
have been presumed to be owing to creasote. It
is employed chiefly in pulmonary affections, and
the vapour has been recommended in phthisis
and other diseases of the lungs. It is used ex-
ternally as a detergent. A wine or beer of tar,
'Tarbeer, Jcws'brer, has been employed in Phila-
delphia in similar cases. It may be made by
adding to tar enough beer to saturate it. mix-ing,
and allowing them to macerate for three days,
with occasional agitation. The dose is a table-
fpoonful. 4. Common Pitch, Pix nigra, Black
J'ilch, liurnea, Bnrnia, Stone Pitch, Pix siccit,
P. atra, P. nava'lis, Zopissa, Palimpis'sn, P.
tir'ida (Ph. L. before 1S09), (F.) Poix navale, P.
noire, is obtained by inspissating tar. It is used
only as a resolvent in plasters.
Pinus T.^da, see P. sylvestris — p. Ta.xifolia,
riPEROID
P. pieea — p. Uberrima, Pinus pinea — p. Vulga-
ris, P. p cea.
P/OXE, PiEonia.
PIONY, Pic.nia.
PIORTHOPNCE.A, Pimelorthopnwa.
P/OULQUES(F.). A kind of sucking-pump,
invented by Louis, for extracting wuter that had
entered internal cavities, in cases of drowning.
A useless instrument.
PIP, Syphilis.
PIPE-PLANT, Monotropa uniflora.
PIPER, KtTttpi, see Pijjcr nigrum.
Pll'ER Album, Leucop'iper, White Pepper, is
black pepper freed from its cuticle.
Piper ANGrsTiFOLUur, Matico — p. Aromati-
cum, P. nigrum— p. Betel, Betel— p. Brazilianum,
Ufipsicum annuum — p. Calecuticum, Capsicum
an n num.
Piper Capen'se, a South African species, has
all the properties of the peppers, and, in appear-
ance and taste, greatly resembles cubebs. It pos-
sesses, too, similar virtues.
Piper CAHYOPHYLLATitM, see Myrtus pimenta
— p. Cauda tum, P. cubeba— p. Chiapie, see Myr-
tus pimenta.
Piper CcBEb'a, Perse'u seu Laurns cubeba,
LitscBn cubeba seu piperi'ta. Ord. Piperacea?.
A native of Java and Guinea. The odour of
these berries — Cubeba (Ph. U. S.), Com'j,eper,
Compel/a, Vubal siiii, Piper cauda'tum, Bacca
Piperis (/labri, Cnbcb or 'Tailed Pepper, Cuma'-
mus, (F.) Poivre-d-qneue, Quabebe — is aromatic;
taste at first cooling, afterwards pungent. The
active principle is an essential oil — Oleum Cube-
ba;, oil of cubebs — which is officinal in the Pharm.
U. S. The properties of the cubeb are stimulant
and purgative. It is used only in gonorrhoea.
Dose, from ^j to ^j, in powder, three or 'four
times a day; of the volatile oil, 10 or 12 drop.s.
' Turkey i/ellow berries,' — the dried filiit of the
Rhamnus Calhartictis — are often substituted for
cubebs.
Piper Elongatijm, Matico.
Piper Guineense, Capsicum annuum — p. His-
panicum. Capsicum — p. Indicum, Capsicum an-
nuum— p. Jamaicense, see Myrtus pimenta.
Piper Lo.NGUM, JIacrop'i/jer, Acnpat'll, Catu-
trip'uli, Pim'pilim, Chav'icu Roxburyhii, Long
Pepper, (F.) Poii-re long. As we receive the
berries, they consist of the unripe fruit dried in
the sun ; and are small, round grains, disposed
spirally on a cylindrical receptacle. They are
stimulant, carminative, and tonic, like the other
peppers. Dose. gr. v to J^j.
Piper Lusitanicum, Capsicum annuum — p.
Murale, Sedum.
Piper Metiiisticum, see Ava.
Piper Nigrum, Melanop'iper, Molagoco'di,
Lada, Piper aromat'icum. Black Pepper, (F.)
Poivre voir. Black pepper. Piper (Ph. U. S.),
is the unripe fruit dried in the sun. Virtues,
same as those of the other peppers. AVhen freed
from its husk by mechanical trituration it consti-
tutes Fulton's decorticated pepper.
PiPKR OnoRATd.M Jamaicense, see Myrtus
pimenta — p. Tahascum, see Myrtus pimenta — p.
Turcicuin, Capsicum annuum.
PIPEUI'NA, Piperi')ium, Pip'erine, Piperin,
from pij)er, 'jjcppcr.' A resinoid substance, ob-
tained from the piper nigrum by M. (Erstadt, in
which a part of the virtues of the pepper resides.-
It has been employed, lil^ the quinia, in inter-
mittents, iind successfully.
PIP'EKOID, PIperoi'dum, Zingib'erin, from
piper, 'pepper,' and ci&os, 'resemblance.' A yel-
low syrupy mass obtained by exhausting ginger
root by ether. It is soluble in ether, alcohol, and
oils, and may be given in tincture, sugar, lozenge,
or .syrup, in case^ where ginger is iudicated.
nrEROPASTUS
20
riTCii
PTPEROPAS'TUS, from rrcTipi, 'popper,' and
naaaciv, 'to strew.' Strewed with pepper, — socks,
for example, wliere it is desirable to excite the
surface of the feet.
PIPETTE. 'A small pipe.' In Pharmacy, a
small tube terminating in a perforated point,
which is passed into a liquid to be removed —
from the surface of a precipitate, for example.
The liquid is drawn into the tube by applying
the mouth to the free extremity.
PIPIN'NA, Men' tida pawn. A small penis.
PIPPERIDGE BUSH, see Oxycantha Galeni."
PIPSISSEWA, Pyrola umbellata— p. Spotted,
Pyrola maculata — p. White, Pyrola maculata.
PIPTONYCIIIA, Onychoptosis.
PIPTOSTEGIA OPERCULATA, see Batata
de purga — p. Pisonis, Convolvulus meuhoacan.
PIQUETE, see Sahle.
PIQURE, Puncture, Wound, punctured.
PIRTLING, Slavering.
PIRUS. see Pyrus malus.
PISA, (CLIMATE OF.) Pisa has long been
celebrated as one of the most favourable climates
in Italy for the consumptive. It is genial, but
somewhat oppressive and damp. It is softer than
that of Nice, but not so warm; less soft, but less
oppressive than that of Rome.
PISCIARELLI, MINERAL WATERS OF.
A spring at Monte Secco, in Italy, between Lake
Agnano and Solfatara. It is thermal (100° Fahr.),
sulphureous, and carbonated ; and is chiefly used
in old ulcers, leucorrhcea, chronic diarrhoea, and
in cutaneous affections.
PISCID'IA ERYTIIRI'NA, Jamaica Dog-
wood. Old. Leguminosas. A small branching
tree, common in most of the West India Islands;
Diadelphia Decandria of Linnasus. It is used in
the West Indies to poison fish. It appears to be
an acro-narcotic, and has been used in the form
of a tincture of the bark of the root in toothache.
PISCINA, Ba!(r>wire.
PISCIVOROUS, Pisclv'orun, Fchthi/oph'agotts,
Ichthijoph'iii/us, from piicis, 'a fish,' and voro, 'I
eat.' Feeding or subsisting on fish.
PIS'IFORM, Pisiform' 18, from pisnm, 'a pea,'
and forma, 'shape.' Pealike, pea-shaped.
Pisifoum'e, Os, Os Iciiticii/a're seu orhicula're
seu ej:tra or'dinem carpi, (F.) Os hors dti rang,
is the fourth bone of the first row of the carpus.
It is round, and gives attachment to the tendon
of the cubitalis anterior, and to the anterior trans-
verse ligament of the carpus. It is articulated,
behind, with the os cuneiforme.
PISO, Mortar.
PISSA, see Pinus sylvestris.
PISSASPHAL'TUS, Pismxphal'fnm, ITirteral
Pitch, from niaaa, 'pitch,' and acKpaXroi, 'bitu-
men.' (F.) Poi.T minerale. A thicker kind of
Petroleum or lioch. oil ; formerly employed as a
vulnerary. It is synonymous with Glu'tinous
hitu'men, Ifalfa hitu'men, and Mineral tar.
PISSEL^E'UM. Oleum Pic"in\im, from Ttiaaa,
'pitch,' and i\awv, 'oil.' An oily matter ob-
tained from boiling pitch, and used for the same
purposes as tar.
PissEL^.uM Inpicum, Petroleum.
PfSSEJfENT DE PUS, Pyuria— p. de Sang,
Ha;maturia.
PISSENLTT. Leontodon taraxacum.
PrSSE-SANG, Fumaric
PISSE'ROS, from niaaa, 'pitch.' Ancient
name of a cerate, prepared of olive oil, oil of
roses, and dried pitch. It was, also, called Cera'-
tnm pica' turn, and C. tetrajihar'macum. — Hippo-
crates.
PISSI'TES, Vinnm pica'tum. Same etymon.
A wine prepared from tar .ind the must of the
grape. It was regarded to be stomachic.
PISSOSIS. Malacia.
PISSWEED, Anthemis cotula.
PISTACHIO NUTS, see Araehis hypogca,
Pistacia vera.
PISTACIA CIIIA, P. lentiseus.
Pista'cia Lkntis'cI'S, /'. Chia, Terehin'thnu
lentiscns, Lentiscns vulyu' ris ; the Mastich Trie.
Ord. Terebinthaceas. The wood of this tree
abounds with the resinous principles of mnstich ;
and a tincture made from it has been used in the
cure of dyspe|itic affections, gout, and dysentery.
It yields, by incision, the resin Mastich, Resi'na
Lentis'cina, 3/en'frige, Mas'tiche, Mastix, I'lsla-
cicB Lentis'ci iiesi'na. This resin has an agreea-
ble smell when heated: is almost insipid; in
globular, irregular, yellowish, seuii-transpiirent
masses; soluble in ether; partially so in alcohol.
It is stimulant, and has been used in old coughs,
and gleet, and is chewed to sweeten the breath.
It is sometimes, also, employed to stop holes in
carious teeth.
Oil of 3Jastich, MasticheJm'nn, Oleum Mastich'-
innm, is mentioned by Dioscoridcs.
Pistacia Nakbonensis, P. lentiseus — p. Reti-
culata, P. lentiseus.
Pistacia Tehebin'thus, P. Narhonen'sis seu
reticula'tn sen vera, Turpentine Tree, Hah-el-Ka-
llmhat, Tbrchinth\ta vnlga'ris, Terminthoa. The
tree which affords the Ci/prvs Turpentine, Iiesi'-
na Terehiu'thi, Terehinth'ina vera seu (^liia seu
Cijp'ria, (F.) TerShinthine de Chio. This sub-
stance is classed amongst the resins. It is pro-
cured by wounding the bark of the trunk. The
best Chio turpentine is of about the consistence
of honey ; very tenacious, clear, and almost
transparent; of a white colour inclining to yel-
low, and of a fragrant smell ; moderately warm
to the taste, but free from acrimony and bitter-
ness. It resembles in virtues the other turpen-
tines.
Pistacia Vera, noraKia. Name of the tree
which affords the Nux Pistacia. Pista'ehin mils
have a sweetish, unctuous taste, resembling that
of sweet almonds. Like these, they afford an oil,
and may be formed into an emulsion. *
PISTILLUM, Pilum.
PISTOLOCHIA, Aristolochia pistolochia.
PISTORIENSIS GLADIUS, Ulstnur!.
PLSUM, -nicov, P. sati'vum, Pea, Garden pen,
(F.) Pois, P. cultive. The seeds of the pea, Ord.
Leguminosse, Sex. Syst. Diadelphia Decaiidria,
are much employed as an aliment, both in the
fresh and dried state. They are farinaceous, and,
when dried, not easy of digestion.
PIT, Pock mark — p. of the Stomach, Fossctle
du copur.
PITAY'A BARK. This bark of CInrho'na
pitai/a, Ord. CinchonacciB, is preferred in Co-
lombia to any other. It contains a new vege-
table alkali, to which the name Pitaijine has
been given.
PITAYINE, see Pitaya bark.
PITCAITHLEY, MINERAL WATERS OF.
These saline springs, at Pitcailliley, abnut four
miles from Perth, Scotland, contain chlorides of
sodium and calcium.
PITCH, Colophonia — p. Black, see Pinus syl-
vestris— p. Burgundy, see Pinus abics — p. Ca-
nada, see Pinus Canadensis.
Pitch Cap, see Depilatory.
Pitch, Common, Pinus sylvestris — p. Hemlock,
see Pinus Canadensis — p. Jew's, Asphaltum — p.
Mineral, Pissasphaltum.
Pitch Plasteh, see Depilatory, Emplastrum
picis.
Pitch, Stone, see Pinus sylvestris— p. White,
see Pinus abies.
PITHYRIASI3
21
PLACENTULA
PTTIIYRTASrS, Pityriasis.
P[TI1YR[XIJS, Acerosus, Furfuraceous.
PITTA'CIU-M. A pitch plaster, from iriTra,
'pitch.'
PITTIXa, Pock mark.
PITTOSLS, Malaoia.
PITTO'TA. Medicines in which pitch is the
chief ini^redient.
PITTSBUIK}, MINERAL WATERS OF. A
chalybeate mineral spring, situate about four
miles south-west of Pittsburg, in Pennsylvania.
It contains chloriile of sodium, chloride of mag-
nesium, oxide of iron, sulphate of lime, and car-
bonic aind.
PITUITA, Mucus, Phlegm— p. Narium, Nasal
mucus.
PITUTTARY, Pltuita'rim, {¥.) Pltuitaire,
from /lituita, 'phlegm.' Concerned in the secre-
tion of mucus or phlegm. A name given to seve-
ral parts.
PiTuiTAnr Body, P. Gland — p. Fossa, Sella
turcica.
PiTu'iTAiiY Gland, Glan'dnla Pltiiifo'sa seu
pituitit'rla seu hdsilti' ris, Lncn' nn seu Appendie'-
ula cer'ebri, Seiiti'na, Hi/pr)ph'i/sin seu Appendix
ce)''ebri, Corpus pitnita're, Pituitnri/ hady ; —
Appendi'ce ans-nphenoidule dii cervemi, (Ch.) A
small, round body ; the anterior portion of which
is of a cineritious yellow hue, and the posterior,
which is smaller, is whitish and pulpy. Its func-
tions are unknown.
PlTUlTAKY MKMBnANE, Sckiieide' riaii Mem-
brane, 3[einbra' na pitnitn'ria seu olfacto'ria.
The mucous membrane which lines the nasal
fosso9, and extends to the difforent cavities com-
municating with the nose. In the nasal fossse,
the membrane apjiears formed of two layers, in-
timately united; — the one in contact with the
bone is fibrous ; — the other is free at one surface.
The latter is a mucous membrane, on which pa-
pillaa are not easily distinguishable, but which
contains them, as well as a number of very small
mucous follicles, that open into the cavity of th'*
nares. On penetrating the ma.xillary, frontal,
sphenoidal, and ethmoidal sinuses, the membrane
becomes very thin, transparent, less vascular,
and seems reduced to its mucous layer. The
pituitary membrane receives the impression of
odours, by means of the expansion of the olfac-
tory nerves upon it. It is the seat of smell.
PITUITE, Mucus.
PITU'ITOUS, Pltnito'sun ; from pituitn, 'mu-
cus or phlegm.' Consisting of, or resembling, or
full of mucus or phlegm.
PITYRI'ASIS, from TTtrupov, 'bran;' Lepido'-
»w Pityrinsis, Pityria'mn, Pitki/ri'asis, Herpei
fur/ura'cens seu farino'iius, Porri'go (of some),
Tin'ea furfura'cea seu porriijino'nn, Fnrfiira'tio,
Fur/un'a' en, Dmidn'ff, Dandruff, (So.) Luisii,
(Prov.) Room, Rnmmet, (F.) Teigne, Dartre, D.
furfuracie vnlante ; — a very superficial affection;
characterized by irregular patches of thin scales,
which repeatedly exfoliate and recur; but which
never form crusts, or are accompanied with exco-
riations. It is not contagious. It occurs under
throe or four varieties of form.
PiTYRFASis, Porrigo — p. Nigra, Melasma — p.
Versicolor, Chloasma.
PITYRISMA, Pityriasis.
PIT YRO IDES, Furfuraceus.
PITYRON, Furfur.
PIVOrNK. Piconia.
PIVOTING. In dentistry, an operation,
which consists in fastening in a new crown upon
the root of a tooth by means of a piece of gold
wire, called ' a pivot.'
PIX, Sperm — p. Abietina, see Pinus abies —
p. Abietis, see Pinus abies — p. Alba, see Pinus
abies — p. Arida, sec Pinus abies, and Pinus syl-
16
vestris — p. Atra, see Pinus sylvestris — p. Brutid,
Brutia — p. Burgundiea, see Pinus abies — p. Ca-
nadensis, see Pinus Canadensis — p. Cedria, see
Pinus sylvestris — p. Gneca, Colophonia — p. Li-
quida, see Pinus sylvestris — p. Navalis, see Pinus
sylvestris — p. Nigra, see Pinus sylvestris — p.
Sicca, see Pinus sylvestris.
PLACE'BO, 'I will please,' from placeo. A
medicine, prescribed rather to satisfy the patient
than with any expectation of its effecting a cure.
PL.\CEN'TA, T:\nKuvi, TtXaKovvTOi. A Latin
word, signifying a Cake. P. uteri seu uteri'ii-t
seu uteri car'nen, Hepar seu Jecnr uteri'inan, Cam
seu Affii'sio orbicularis, i[azn. A soft, spongy,
vascular body, adherent to the uterus, and con-
nected with the foetus by the umbilical cjrd. It
is not in existence during the first period of the
embryo state, but its formation commences per-
haps with the arrival of the embryo in the uteru".
It is generally considered to have two portions",
one fwtal, and the other maternal. The foetal
consists of highly vascular villi and tufts, which
contnin the inosculating loops of the umbilicnl
arteries and umbilical vein of the foetus. The
maternal portion is considered by Dr. Reid to con-
sist, essentially, of a large sac formed by the
inner coat of the vascular system of the mother,
into which the maternal blood is poured by the
curling arteries of the uterus, and from which it,
is returned by the utero-placental veins. Tho
tufts and villi of the foetal placenta are ensheathel
by this inner coat of the maternal vascular sys-
tem ; and, according to Prof. Goodsir, two di.<-
tinct sets of nucleated cells — one maternal ami
the other foetal — separate the maternal and foetal
portions where they come in contact, one set of
wiiich are probably, he thinks, concerned in the
separation of nutritive matter from the maternal
blood, and the other destined to convey it into
the vessels of the foetus. The placenta is formed
of several loheo or cotyledons, which can be read-
ily distinguished from each other on the uterine
surface; but towards the foetal surface are con-
founded into one mass. It is composed of the
umljilical vessels, areolar tissue, and whitish, re-
sisting filaments, which are vascular ramifications
obliterated. Lymphatic vessels have also been
presumed to exist in it; and nerves have been
traced, proceeding from the great sympathetic of
the foetus.
The main function of the placenta appears to
be like that of the lungs in the adult. It admits
of the blood of the foetus being shown to that of
the mother, and undergoing requisite changes.
It may, also, be an organ for nutritive absorp-
tion, as observed above.
Animals, which have no placenta — as the Mar-
supialia — are called implacental and nonplacental.
Placex'ta CnroRis, see Blood — p. Febrilis,
Ague cake — p. Oblata, P. praevia — p. Obvia, P.
prsevia.
Placenta Pr^/via, (from prce, 'before,' and
via, 'way,') P. ob'via sen obfa'ta. Presentation
of the placenta; a condition which gives rise to
unavoidable hemorrhage from the uterus. The
safety of the female depends upon speedy de-
livery.
Placenta Sanguinis, see Blood — p. Uteri
Succenturiata, Dccidua.
PLACEN'TAL, Placenta'Us. (F.) Plncentaire.
Relating, or appertaining to, the placenta. Pos-
sessed of a placenta, — as ' a, placental mammal.'
PLACENTFTIS. Placomiti'tis, Placoi'tis, In.
flamma'tio placen'tce. A hybrid word — from
placenta, and itis, a suffix denoting inflamma-
tion. Inflammation of the placenta.
PLACEN'TULA, 'a little cake,' diminutive of
placenta, 'a cake.' A rudimental placenta. The
placenta of an abortion.
PLACOITIS
722 PLANTAIN DES ALTES
PLACOITIS, Placentitis. I
PLACOUNTITIS, Placentitis.
PI.ADAROMA, Pladarosis. I
PLADARO'SIS, PUulm-o'ma, Pladnr'otes,
fri)iu :r>u6«poj, ' si)ft.' A soft tumour on the eye-
lid, unaccompanied with redness or pain. Tra-
choma.
PLADAROTES, Pladarosis.
PLAFOND DES VENTRICULES DU
CE/i VEA U, Corpus callosum.
PLAGA, Ictus, Wound.
PLAGIOBOL'IA, Plmwhol'ia, from irXayiof,
'to one side,' and ^aXKuv, 'to throw.' Imperfect
emission of sperm into the vagina. Emission to
one side ; sometimes practised to render impreg-
nation less probable.
PLAGUE, from n'Xriyri, plagn, 'a stroke.' Pet-
tin, P. oricjitu'lis seu bnbona'ria orientalis seu
iiif/uiiia'n'a seu eontngiu'sa seu acntins'ima seu
nep'tica seu (/laitdiilo'aa seu ade'no-septica seu
iiiyninarln, Pestil'itas, Ephem'era pestilentia'lis,
E. jnortif era, Lues inginna'ria, Chtdes glnndii-
la'ria, Phthnra, PeHilen'tia, Lues, Loimos, Fehris
(tde'no-uervo'sa, Lceiiion, Lceme, Lce'mla, Loemop'-
yra, Cluiusda, Anthra'cia Pesth, A)ithracoti/phiis,
Fehris pen'tilens, Syn'ochus pestilentia'lis, Typhus
pestis S6\i pestileiitid'liH seu gravin'8iinus seu nu-
tlira'cicus seu biibon'icus, Exanthe' ma peslis, the
Pest, Levant plague, Septic or glan'dulur pee'ti-
lence. The sickness, (F.) Peste, Typhus d' Orient,
Fievre du Levant, F. adeno-nerveuse. An emi-
nently malignant disease ; endemic in the Le-
vant; frequently e()idemic, and destroying at
least two-thirds of those it attacks. It is a fever
of the most aggravated kind, with atfection of
the lymphatic glands of the groins or axilla, and
carbuncles. Its miasmata — it has been conceived
— adhere to different organic textures, to woollen
goods, clothing and furniture; and may thus be
transported to a considerable distance ; but this
is not certain. The mean duration of the disease
is six or. seven days; some die in twenty-four
hours, others not till ten or twelve days. Patho-
logical anatomy has afforded little light with re-
spect to it. Various means have been used for
arresting it, but none have seemed to be pre-emi-
nently distinguished. The great point is, to
watch the indications as they develop themselves;
and to treat the case, in general, like one of
typhus gravior. It is universally agreed that the
suppuration of the buboes should be aided as far
as practicable. For preventing the importation
and spread of the plague, the Qaar'antine Laws
have been instituted; and when the disease has
actually appeared, a cordon sanitaire has been
drawn round the infected district, so as to pre-
vent all communication.
Plague op Antoni'ncs, Pestis Antoninia'na,
(F.) Peste Antonine. A severe febrile disease,
which prevailed in the Roman empire, during the
reign of Antoninus. It began in Asia, and passed
westward. It resembled the Plague of Athens.
Plague op Athens, (F.) Peste d'Athhies. A
febrile disease, which raged at Athens during the
Peloponnesian war, in the 5th century before the
Christian era; and a description of which is given
in Thucydides. It was characterized by a cuta-
neous eruption, accompanied hy small ulcerations,
vomiting, affection of the respiratory organs, and
diarrhoea. It began in the far East, and, before
reaching Athens, ravaged Egypt, and the greater
part of the Persian Empire.
Plague, Black, Death, black.
Plague, Cold. A severe form of congestive
fever, seen in the Southern States. Bilious pneu-
monia, in which there is no reaction, has been,
also, so called.
Plague Mark, Plague token.
Plague, Pali. A malignant fever, greatly
resembling Plague, which prevailed in Rnjpoo-
tana after July, 1836.
■ Plague Si'ot, Plague token.
Plague Token, Plague mark. Plague spot.
A mark by which one struck with the plague was
known. Perhaps the early stage of carbuncle in
unfavourable cases. It is described as a small
tubercle — Bossa — somewhat resembling a wart,
callous and more or less deficient in sensibility,
varying in size from that of a millet-seed to that
of a bean.
PLAGULA, Compress, Pledget, Splint.
, PLAIE, AVound— ;j. d'Anne d feu, Wound,
gunshot — p. d' Arquelusade, Wound, gunshot —
p. Contuse, Wound, contused — p. Eiirenim(e,
Wound, poisoned — p. par Arrachenicut, Wound,
lacerated — p. d Lambeuux, see Flap.
I PLAINTIVE, Luctuenx.
I PLANANTHUS FASTIGATUS, Lycopodiuin
selago — p. Selago, Lycopodium selago.
PLANARIA LATIUSCULA, Distoma hepa-
ticum.
PLANCHER (F.), 'floor.' In anatomy, the
inferior wall or boundary of a cavity.
PLANCHER DU CERVEAU, Tentorium.
PLANCUS, Leiopus.
PLANE, Plexus.
Plane, Mesial, see Mesial.
PLANET-STRUCK, see Sideratio.
PLANE'TES, Plane'ticus, Plan'icua, Erra-
hun'dus, Errat'ic, from itXavr), 'a wandering
about.' An epithet given to diseases, whose re-
turns are irregular — especially to intermittent
fever ; Plunetes Febris, F. Errat'ica, F. Erro'uea,
F. Vaga.
PLANETICA ARTHRITIS, Gout, wander-
ing.
PLANICUS, Planetes.
PLANIPEDES, Steganopodes.
PLANITIES PEDIS, Sole.
PLANOBOLIA, Plagiobolia.
PLANTA NOCTIS, Hydroa, Sudamina — p.
Pedis, Sole — p. Prima pedis, Tarsus.
PLANTA'GO, P. Major, Centiner'via, Arno-
glos'aum, Septiuer'via, Polyneu'ron, Heptapleu'-
ron, Planta'yo latifo'lia seu major seu vnlga'ril,
Great ])lantain, Waybread, (^c.) Wnbran leaves,
(F.) Plantain commnn. Ord. Plantaginaceae.
Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia. The leaves
have been said to be refrigerant, attenuant, sub-
styptic, and diuretic.
Plantago Aquatica, Alisma plantago.
Plantago Cord k'T\, Heart leaved plantain,'?.
Lanceola'ta, Ribgrass, and P. Virgin'ica, White
plantain, or Ribwort, indigenous; have proper-
ties like Plantago major.
Plantago Coron'opus, Coronopo'dium, Cumu
cervi'num, Stella terra, Plantago, Buckshorn
Plantain. Properties like the last.
Plantago Nitida, P. psyllium.
Plantago Psyl'lium, P. nit'ida, Psyl'lium, P.
erec'tum, Pulica'ris herba, Crystal'lion, Cyno-
moi'a. Branching Plantain, Flcawort, (F.) Herbe
aux puces commune. The seeds have a nauseous,
mucilaginous taste, and no remarkable smell.
The decoction of the seeds is recommended in
hoarseness and roughness of the fauces.
Plantago Vulgaris, Plantago.
PLANTAIN DES ALPES,ATnica.mor\tam~
p. Branching, Plantago psyllium— p. Buckshorn,
Plantago coronopus — ^J. Commun, Plantago — p.
d'Eau, Alisma plantago — p. Great, Plantago
major — p. Heart leaved, Plantago cordata.
Plantain Meal, see Musa paradisiaca.
Plantain, Rattlesnake, Goodyera pubescena
— p. Robin's, Erigeron bellidifolium.
Plantain Tree, Musa parailisiaca.
Plantain, Water, Alisma plantago, Uniscma
deltifolia — p. White, Plantago Virginica.
PLANTAIRE
723
PLASTER
PL ANT AI HE, Plantar muscle—;?. Grile,
Plnntar muscle.
PLANTAR, Pfanfa'rts, (F.) Plantaire, from
planta, 'the sole of the foot.' That which re-
lates or belongs to the sole of the foot. This
name has been given to several parts.
Plantar Aponeuro'sis, P. faa'cia. A thick,
dense, resisting aponeurosis ; of a triangular
shape, and superficially situate, which occupies
the middle and sides of the solo of the foot, and
furnishes insertions to several of the muscles of
the region, either directly or through the medium
of septa, which it sends between them.
Plantar Auch, see Plantar arteries.
Plantar Arthriks. These are two in num-
ber, and arise from the extremity of the posterior
tibial artery. They are distinguished into : — The
internal plantar artery, situate above the abduc-
tor poUicis pedis. It extends from the termina-
tion of the posterior tibial to the trunk of one of
the collaterals of that toe. — The external plantar
artery is larger than the preceding, and ought to
be considered as the termination of the posterior
tibial. Situate above the flexor communis di-
gitorum pedis, it extends from beneath the calea-
neum to the posterior extremity of the last meta-
tarsal space. When it has reached this part, it
turns from without inwards ; advances towards
the posterior extremity of the first metatarsal
bone, and anastomoses with the perforating
branch of the dorsalin tarsi. In the first part of
its course, it furnishes calcaneal, articular, mus-
cular, and adipous branches. The second por-
tion of the artery is called the Plnntar Arch or
CroHfi. It gives branches in all directions. The
inferior and posterior have received no name.
The superior — three in number — are the poste-
rior perforating arteries. The anterior branches
are larger, and there arc commonly four. They
furnish the anterior perforating, and the collate-
rah of the last four toes.
Plantar Cross, see Plantar arteries — p. Fas-
cia, P. aponeurosis.
Plantar Ligaments. A name given to the
inferior ligaments, which unite the bones of the
tarsus and metatarsus, to distinguish them from
the superior, called dorsal.
Plantar Muscle, Planta'ris, P. grac"iJis,
Tibia'lis grac"ilis, Exten'sor tarsi minor, (F.)
Plantaire, P. Grele, Jambier grele. Petit femoro-
cnlcanien, (Ch.) A muscle, situate at the poste-
rior part of the leg. It is long, thin, and narrow.
Above, it is attached to the posterior part of the
external condyle of the os femoris : below, it ter-
minates by a long tendon, which is attached to
tiie posterior and inner part of the calcaneum.
This muscle extends the leg on the foot, and
conversely. It can, also, assist in the flexion of
the leg on the thigh.
Plantar Nkrves. These are two in number,
and are furnished by the termination of the pos-
terior tibial nerve. They are distinguished into
— 1. The internal planitr nerve, which extends
from the inferior part of the tibial nerve to both
sides of the first three toes, and the inner side of
the fourth. It furnishes, also, branches to the
nbiluctor of the great toe ; to the short flexor of
the toes; to the accessory ; to the short flexor of
the great toe, the lumbricales, <fec. 2. The exter-
nal plantar nerve proceeds from the termination
of the posterior tibial to the posterior extremity
of the 5th metatarsal bone, and gives branches to
the flexor brcvis digitoruui pedis, the accessory
and the abductor of the little toe. This trunk
subsequently ilivides into two branches: — the
one — profnnda — is distributed to the short flexor
of the great toe: the interosseus and abductor
pollicis pedis: the other — superfieialis — sends
filaments to the short flexor of the little toe, the
two sides of that toe, the outer side of the 4th,
and the last lumbricalis.
Plantar Regions or Surfaces are different
regions or surfaces of the sole of the foot. Three
are generally reckoned, — the internal, middle,
and external.
Plantar Veins follow an arrangement similar
to that of the arteries.
PLANTARIA, Dengue.
PLANTARIS, Plantar, P. muscle— p. Superfi-
cies pedis. Sole — p. Verus, see Flexor longus di-
gitorum pedis profundus perforans (accessorius.)
PLANTARIUM, Pubes.
PL ANTE DU PIED, Sole.
PLANTI- SOUS-PHALANGIENS, Lumbri-
cales podis — p. Tendino-phalawjiens, Lumbricales
pedis.
PLANUM APONEUROTICUM DIA-
PHRAGMATIS. The tendinous expansion of
the diaphragm.
Planum Orbitale, see Maxillary bone (su-
perior.)
Planum Os, from planus, 'soft, smooth.' The
papyraceous or orbitar plate of the ethmoid bone
— Lam'ina papyra'cea, Lamell'a plana — was
formerly so called.
Planum Pedis, Sole.
Planifm Supe'rius Lingua. The upper sur-
face of the tongue.
PLANU'RIA, from irXovof, 'wandering, false,'
and ovfjov, ' urine.' Discharge of urine through
unwonted ways.
PLAQUE'MINIER UEUROPE, Diospyros
lotus.
PLAQUES GAUFRtES, Peyeriglandulse—
p. Laitenses, see Taehes luiteuses — p. de Peyer,
Peyeri glandulac.
PLASMA, Liquor sanguinis.
PLASMEXHIDRO'SIS, from plasma, the li-
qnnr sanguinis ; £|, 'out of,' and 'tfipiaaii, 'perspi-
ration.' Exudation of the plasma of the blood
from the vessels.
PLASTER, Emplastrnm — p. Adhesive, Em-
plastrum resinae, Sparadrapum adhesivum — p.
Adhesive, Baynton's, see Emplastruin resinae — p.
Adhesive, of pitch and resins, Emplastruin de
pice et resinis glutinans — p. Ammoniacum, Eni-
plastrum ammoniaci — p. Ammoniacum with mer-
cury, Emplastruin ammoniaci cum hydrargyro —
p. Aromatic, Emplastruin aromaticum — p. Asa-
fcetidii, Emplastrnm asafoetidae — p. of Belladon-
na, Emplastruin belladonnae — p. Blister, Blister
— p. Blistering, Emplastrnm lyttae — p. of Blister-
ing fly. Emplastruin lytta; — p. Calefacient, Em-
plastruin calefaciens — p. of Cantharides, com-
pound, Emplastrnm lyttae compositum — p. Ce-
phalic, Emplastruin picis comp. — p. Corn, Spa-
radrapum viride — p. Corn, Kennedy's, Spara-
drapum viride — p. Court. English, see Ichthyo-
colla, Sparadrapum adhesivum — p. Cummin,
Emplastruin cumini — p. Defensive, Sparadrapum
Gnlteri — p. Diachylon, Emplastrnm plumbi — p.
Fly, Emplastrnm lytta> — p. Frankincense, Em-
plastrnm thuris — p. Galbanum, Emplastruin gal-
bani — p. Galbanum, compound, Emplastrnm
galbani compositum — p. Gum, Emplastrnm gum-
inosum — p. of Gum-resins. Emplastrnm cum
gummi-resinis — p. Hemlock. Emplastrnm cicutsB
— p. Iron, Emplastrnm ferri — p. Isinglass, see
Sparadrapum adhsesivum — p. Issue, Sparadra-
pum pro fonticulis— p. Lead. Emplastrnm |)luiiibi
— p. Machine, Spnradrapier — p. Mercurial, Em-
plastruin hydrarsryri — p. of Mercury, compound,
Emplastruin hydrargyri compositum — p. Mus-
tard, Cataplasma sinapis — p. Nurcmberfr, Em-
plastrnm Norimbergense — p. Opium. Eniplastruni
opii — p. Pitch, see Depilatory — p. Pitch, comp.
Emplastrum picis compositum — p. Resin, Era-
plastrum resinae — p. of Red o.xide of iron, Em-
PLASTIC
24
PLETHORA
plastrum oxidi ferri rubri— p. Soap, Emplastrum
saponis — p. of Spanish flies, compound, Emplas-
trum lytt£B compositum — p. Sticliing, Emplas-
trum resinre — p. Slrengthening, Emplastrum
ferri, Emplastrum osidi ferri rubri — p. Warm,
Emplastrum calcfaciens — p. Wax, Emplastrum
cerae.
PLASTIC, Plaa'ticus, Formati'vus, Form'ative,
(F.) Plastique, from TrAaan-u, *I form.' That
which forms, or serves to form.
Plastic Element. One which bears within it
the germs of a higher form. — Gerber. Plastic
or histogeiiet' ic or oryanolep'tic elements of niitri-
ti'oti are those eleuients of food which go to the
formation of organized tissue. — See Aliment.
Plastic Force. The generative or formative
power in organized bodies. It is also called Ni-
«Hii formnti'vus, Vis seu Virtus plas'tica seu for-
tnati'va seu essentia'lis seu reproducti'va,Fac' nltas
forma' trix scu nutrix seu auctrix seu vcyetati' va ;
Bias alterati'vum, Motiia assiinilationis, An'iiita
vegetati'va, Planticism'iis, Virtus formntrix, Plns-
tic"itns, Plnstic"ity, Force of Nutrition, F. of
assimilation, F. of Form'ation, F. of veyetn'tion,
Puissance du moide interiear (BufFon), Bildung-
strieb. Germ-force of the Germans.
Plastic Lymph, Liquor Sanguinis — p. Surgery,
Morioplastice.
PLASTICrSMUS, Plastic Force.
PLASTICITAS, Plastic Force.
PLASTICITY, Plastic Force.
PLASTILYTIC, Antiplastic.
PLASTILYTICUM (H^MATOLYTICUM),
Spannemic.
PLATA, Scapula.
PLATANO, Musa Sapientum.
PLATANTIIE'RA ORBICULA'TA, Lnrcje
round-leaved Orchis ; indigenous. Or(/f c, Orchid-
accae ; flowering in July. From jrAarouf, ' wide,'
and avr)p, for 'anther.' The leaves are large, soft
and fleshy, and are used, in certain places, for
dressing blisters.
PLATANUS, Musa paradisiaca.
PLATEA, Bnthriocephalus latus.
PLATE-BONE, Scapula.
PLATEIAS.MA, Platiasmus.
PLATES, MANSFORD'S, see Galvanism.
PLATIAS'MUS, Plateias'ma, from irXnruir,
'broad.' Excessive development of the lips,
causing the articulation to be imperfect.
PLATINA, Platinum.
PLAT'INUM, Plat'ina, from (S.) plata, 'sil-
ver.' (F.) Platine, Or blanc, Petit argent. The
preparations of platinum resemble in their thera-
peutical properties those of gold. The Bichlo'-
HIDE, Plat'ini Bichlo'ridum, made by dissolving
platinum in aqua regia, and the Double Chlo-
ride of Platinitm and Sodium, So'dii cliloroplat' -
iiias, Chloroplai'inate of So'dium, prepared by
dissolving bichloride of platinum and pure chlo-
ride of sodium, in proper proportions, in water,
evaporating and crystallizing, — are the prepara-
tions used. They are not much prescribed.
PLATULA, see Pediculus.
PLATYBREGMATE, see Cranium.
PLATYCORIA, Mydriasis.
PLATYCORIASIS, Mydriasis.
PLATYNO'SIS, from nXarv;, ' broad.' Ampli-
Aca'tlo. Morbid extension of parts.
PLATYOPHTHALMON, Antimonium.
PLATYPOLIA, see Kyllosis.
PLATYPUS, see Kyllosis.
PLATYS'MA, from TrXarut, 'broad.' Anything
troadly extended. A spread plaster.
Platys'ma Myoi'des, P. Myo'des, Mus'culus
fAita'netts seu suhcuta'neus (Winslow), Quadra'tus
(/ence seu latis'simus colli, Expan'sio musculo'sa,
Tetrago'nus, Stomoman' icon, (F.) Thoraco-maxillo
facial, Thoraco-facial (Ch.), Pcaucier, A mus-
cle situate superficially on the lateral parts of
the neck. It is flat, broad, and quadrilateral. It*
fibres, which arc all parallel to each other, pnt^a
obliquely downwards, and from without inwards.
They arise from the areolar tissue, which covers
the anterior and superior part of the chest; pa.<8
before the clavicle, and proceed to attach them-
selves at the interior part of the symphysis meiili,
at the external oblique line of the jaw, and at the
commissure of the lips. The fibres of tiiis lust
insertion form a distinct fasciculus, called bj some
anatomists Mus'culus Jiiso'rius Santori'nl, The
platysma myoides depresses the commissure of
the lips, and carries it outwards. It contributes,
also, to the depression of the lower jaw. Wlien
it contracts, it wrinkles the skin of the neck
transversely.
PLATYSTER'NOS, from nXarvi, 'broad,' and
(TTtpvov, 'the sternum.' One who has a broad,
well developed chest. — D. Pechlin.
PLATYS'TOMUS; from 77X071,5, ' broad,' and
dToiia, ' mouth.' One who has a broad mouth.
PLAUTUS, Leiopus.
PLECHAS, Perinreura.
PLECTAN^, Cornua uteri.
PLEC'TANE, Plica, Plcgma, Plexus. From
ttXiku), 'I twine.' A fold; a plexus. Also, a
eornu of the uterus.
PLECTRUM. The styloid process of the
temporal bone. Also, the uvula, and the tongue.
— Castelli.
PLEDGET, (D.) Plagghe, Plumace'olus,
Lintea'men, Plag'ula, (F.) Plumacenu, Plumrm-
seau. A small compress or gateau of lint — {the
filaments arranged parallel to each other) — flat-
tened between the hands after the extremities
have been cut olf or folded down. It is ap|)lied
over wounds, ulcers, Ac, to preserve them from
the contact of the air, to retain dressings Vii situ,
and to absorb the discharges.
PLEGE, Blow, Ictus.
PLEGMA, Plcctane, Plexus.
PLEGOMETER, Pleximeter.
PLErN,CF.)'Fu\\.' The middle part of a roller.
PLEIOMASTHUS, Polymasthus.
PLEIOMAZIA, see Polymasthus.
PLENA MULIER, Pregnant.
PLENITUDE, Fulness.
PLENITUDO, Plethora.
PLENCK'S DEPILATORY, see Depilatory,
Colley's.
PLEOMAZIA, see Polymasthus.
PLEONEC'TICUS, from nXtov, 'more,' and
£;^£iv, ' to have.' Covetous. Desirous to acquire :
hence mania pleonectira.
Pleoneo'tica Athym'ia seu Melancfol'ia.
A form of insanity characterized by a desire for
gain or by covetousness.
PLERO'SIS, from 7r>;;p.!5, 'full;' aho Heph'-
tio, Refec'tio, Rcple'tion. Restoration of flesh
after sickness. Plethora.
PLEROTICUS, Incarnans.
PLES'MONE, K^vfovr,, Plenitu'do, f!ati'ptris,
Sati'ely. Intemperance. A condition the oppo-
site to that of hunger.
PLESSER. Plexor.
PLESSIMETER, Pleximeter.
PLESSIMETRE, Pleximeter.
PLETHOMER'IA, from 77X^60;, 'many,' and
//E/30S, ' a part.' Superabundance of parts, as in
the case of six fingers to one hand.
PLETIIO'RA, from n\r,^<j>, 'I fill.' Pohja-'min,
Polyhyperhop' mia, Panhypera-'mia, ]'<ih/ihym 1"
sanrjuin'en, Angeioplero'sis, Angioplero'sis, hry-
thrce'mia, Erythro'sis, Hamatojilethu'ra, Hcemo-
pletho'ra, Plenitu'do, Mvltitu'do, Reduudnn'tin,
Reple'tio, En'chyma, Comple'tio, Plclh'ory, Re-
ple'tion, San'guineness. Fulness, (F.) Abondrnice,
Redondance. The word plethora, which lueana
PLETHORIC
725
PLEURITIS
repletion, Plero'si's, expresses a superabundance
of blood in the system, or in some part of it: —
hence the division of plethora into general and
local; the latter being called, according to its
scat, cerebral, pnlmonari/, uterine, &c. The prin-
cipal symptoms of plethora exist in the circula-
tory system ; such as redness of the surface,
swelling of the veins, increase in the fulness of
the pulse, in the strength of the heart's pulsa-
tions, <fcc., with spontaneous hemorrhages occa-
sionally. With these are usually united general
heaviness, torpor, lassitude, vertigo, tinnitus au-
riuin, flushes of heat, <fec. The blood of plethoric
persons differs from healthy blood in the smaller
ratio of water which it contains, and especially
in the augmentation of the red cori)uscles.
The tendency to plethora, or its actual exist-
ence, must be obviated by purgatives, proper diet,
exercise, &c. ; and, if the danger from it be press-
ing, by blood-letting. This is, however, a doubt-
ful remedy for general plethora, as it increases
hamatosis.
Plktiio'ra AnTEnio'sA is the form in which
the blood is rich in fibrin and red corpuscles — the
arte' rial conslitn'tion.
Pi.KTiioiu, Local, Ilyperaemia — p. Partialis,
IlyperiBiiiia.
PLETIIOR'IC, Plethn'ricHK, Polym'mic, Po-
Ij/tp/iiiiciin, Sitiif/iii'ne, Siiiiguin'eoiifi, (F.) Plelhn-
riqite. Same etymon. Full of blood. Relating
to or affected with plethora.
PLETIIORICUS, Plethoric.
PLETIIORY, Plethora.
PLETIIOS, Satiety.
PLEUMON, Pulmo.
PLEUMONIA, Pneumonia.
PLEURA, Pleurnm, Pleuro'mn, 'the side, a
rib.' Membra' na pleurit'iea sueci'n'f/ciis seu c«»-
tds mieciti'ijeiis, M. seu Tn'uica coaialis seu siib-
cosln'lia, Ifypopleu'rios, Hi/pezo'cus, (P.) Plivrc
ou Pleure. The plcura9 are two thin, diaphanous,
perspirable membranes, which line each side of
the chest, and are reflected thence upon each
lung. Like all serous membranes — to which
class they belong — each represents a sac without
aperture. From the junction of the pleura of
each side the mediastina are formed. That por-
tion of the pleura which lines the parietes of the
chest is called Pleura Costa' lis ; the portion that
covers the lungs. Pleura Pulmona'lis. The arte-
ries of the pleura are from the intercostals, in-
ternal marainaries, phrenic, inferior thyroid, <fee.
The veins correspond with the arteries. They
are, also, supplied with lymphatics, but nerves
are not traceable in thera.
Pleura is also used for Cavity of the Pleura,
S'lrrim Pleura.
PLEURAE. The sides of the chest.
PLEUR.\L, Pleura' lis, Pleu'ricve, Pleu'rites.
That which concerns the pleura: — as a pleural
fistula ; — pleural cavity, pleural hemorrhage, Ac.
PLEURALGIA. Pleurodyne.
PLEURAPOPHYSES, Costae verae, see Costa.
PLEURAPOSTEMA, Ejnpyeraa.
PLEURARTIIROC'ACE, from nXevpa, 'a rib,'
uoBpov, 'a joint,' and Kaxos, ' bad.' Caries of the
ribs.
PLEURE. Pleura.
PLEURESIA, Pleuritis.
PLEURESIE, Pkurisy— ;). Fniwe, Pleuro-
dynia.
■pLEURESIS, Pleuritis.
PLEURETIQUE, IPIeuritic.
PLEURTCUS, Pleural.
PLEURIS, Pleuritis.
PLEURISY, Pleuritis
Pleurisy, Bilious, Pleuri'tis hilio'sn. Pleu-
risy accompanied with bilious symptoms; — the
effect of duodenitis or duodeno-hepatitis.
Pleurisy. False, Pleurodynia.
Pleurisy, Head. A ridiculous term, occa-
sionally used by the vulgar, in the Southern
States especially, for bilious pneumonia before
the pneumonitic phenomena are developed, and
whilst the head is prominently affected.
Pleurisy, Hemorrhagic, Hsematothorax —
p. Rheumatic, Pleurodynia — p. Root, Asclepias
tuberosa.
Pleurisy, Typhoid, Pleuri'tis typihoVdes seu
typho'des seu typho'sa. Pleurisy accompanied
by adynamic symptoms.
PLEURITES, Pleural.
PLEURIT'IC, Pleurit'icus, Pleurit'ieal, (F.)
Pleur^tique ; same etymon rs pleuritis. Relating
or appertaining to pleuritis — as ' ])leuritic pain.'
PLEURI'TIS, from n\evpa, 'the pleura;' J/or-
hu8 latera'lis seu pleurit'icus seu Costa'lis, Em-
pres'ma seu Cantiia Pleuritis, Pleuris, Pleure'sis,
Pleure'sin, Pleuritis costa'lis seu vera, Pleurit'iea
Fe.bris, Passio 2)l<!urit'ica, luflamma'tio Pleurae,
Pleurisy, luflamma'tlon of the Pleura, (F.) Pleu-
resie, Fiivre pleurftique, luflammation de hi
Plivre, may be acute or chronic. Perhaps the
most violent of all internal inflammations is the
active form ; known by acute, lancinating pain
in one side of the chest, increased by inspiration,
by coughing, and often by pressure; dyspnoea,
the inspirations short and frequent; cough dry,
or with little expectoration ; and difficulty of
lying on the affected side. Symptoms, attending
the phlegmasia! in general, strongly marked.
Physical Signs. There is seldom any percep-
tible alteration in the exterior of the chest. When
effusion has taken place to a great extent, the
signs will be similar to those of chronic pleurisy.
The motion of the affected side is diminished,
and the vibrations of the voice cannot be detected
by the hand. There is more or less dulness of
sound on percussion, the dulness diminishing or
disappearing by change of position. On auscul-
tation, the inspiration is feeble, distant, or inau-
dible ; but change of position modifies it. Ego-
phony is usually present, when the effusion is in
moderate quantity, and is best heard over a por-
tion of the thoracic parietes, represented by a
band of three inches, running from below the
inferior margins of the scapula in the direction
of the ribs to the sternum. Simple pleurisy
rarely attacks both sides at once : when such is
the case, the presence of tubercles may be sus-
pected.
Formerly, a true pleurisy meant one seated in
the pleura: ^ mediastinal pleurisy, one situated
in the anterior mediastinum ; and false pleurisy
or rhenmatismal pleurisi), that which occupies the
intercostal muscles. The last has received the
name Pleurodyn'ia ; that of ple}irisy being ex-
clusively appropriated to inflammation of the
pleura. Pleurisy has also been distinguished into
dry and humid, according as it is or is not accom-
panied by expectoration. Humid or moist pleurisy
is now properly regarded as a complication of
pleurisy with pulmonary catarrh. It is the catar'-
rhal pleurisy of some. The m.ajority of the spe-
cies of pleurisy, admitted by Sauvages, consist
of complications.
The causes of pleurisy are like those of other
internal inflammations. It may terminate by
resolution, effusion, or suppuration.
Chronic Pleurisy, which has been particu-
larly described by Bayle, Broussais, and Laen-
nec, most commonly terminates by a serous or
purulent effusion, which sometimes simulates
i bydrothorax ; at others, phthisis pulmonalis. It
TLEUROCELE
■26
PLEXIMETER
mny form slowly, without evident symptoms; or
it iiKiy succeed acute pleurisy. In the former
case, vague pains are felt in the chest, with small,
dry cough, oppression at intervals, shivering,
irregular febrile symptoms, and hardness of
pulse.
Physical Signs. The afTccted side is smoother,
more rounded and motionless : the intercostal
spaces are dilated and filled up, or may even
protrude slightly. In very chronic cases, how-
ever, the affected side may be smaller. The tri-
angular space above the clavicle and the depres-
sion immediately above the sternum arc often
drawn downwards on the diseased side. No vi-
bration is experienced by the hand when the
patient speaks. The parietes of the thorax are
sometimes oedematous, and fluctuation may be
occasionally felt between the ribs. On percus-
sion the sound is dull, or if clear, only so in the
upper portions of the chest. On auscultation,
there is an absence of the usual sounds over the
affected parts, excepting occasionally transmitted
sounds. There are no physical signs that can
enable us to know whether pus or serum is effused
into the chest. The introduction of a grooved
needle through the intercostal space, as recom-
mended by Dr. Thomas Davies, would of course
settle the question.
On disHcction of those who have died of pleu-
risy, the pleura is found thickened, red, inflamed,
ftnd covered with membranous exudations or
false membranes. Sometimes it seems cartilagi-
nous and ossified. Its cavity frequently contains
serous or sero-purulent effusions.
The acute form of the disease requires the most
active treatment. General blood-letting, to such
an extent as to make a very decided impression
on the system, and repeated if necessary. This
is the most important agent. After the violence
of the disease has been got over, counter-irritants
will be found highly beneficial; as well as when
it has passed into the chronic state. The cough
may be relieved by demulcents.
Sauvages has given the name Pi^eiiri'tis Ven-
To'sA, and Pringle that of PLEURonYN'iA Vex-
To'sA, to a pain liehind the false ribs, attributed
to the presence of air in the intestines.
Pleuritis Bii-iosa, Pleurisy, bilious — p. Bron-
chialis. Bronchitis — p. Costalis, Pleuritis — p.
Diaphragmatica, Diaphraginitis — p. Ilumida,
Bronchitis — p. Musoularis, Pleurodynia — p. No-
tha, Pleurodynia — p. Pericardii, Pericarditis — p.
Pulmonis, Pleuropneumonia — p. Kheumatica,
Pleurodynia — p. Spuria, Pleurodynia — p. Spuria
simulata, Pleurodynia — p. Typhoides, Pleurisy,
typhoid — p. Vera, Pleuritis.
PLEUROCE'LE, from TrXrapa, 'the pleura,'
and Kr)\r,, 'a tumour.' Hernia of the pleura,
Hernia plen'rica et pidmona'lis. This name,
employed by Sagar, is inaccurate, as the pleura
never protrudes alone. It only forms a hernia,
when it serves as an envelope to the lung, to tu-
mours, or to purulent collections, which have
protruded from the thoracic parietes.
PLEUROCOLLE'SIS, from n'Xcvpa, 'the pleu-
ra,' and Ko\'Sciu), 'I glue.' An adhesion between
the pleura costalis and pleura pulmonalis.
PLEURODYNE, Pleurodynia.
PLEURODYN'IA, PlenraVgia, Pneudo-plen-
ri'tis, Paeiido-plenrisi/, Pleiirod'yne, Autal'gia
doloro'sa, Parap/euri'tis, Slethorrheu'ma, liheii-
viativ'mns pec'loria, Phiiri'tis rheumat'iea seu
mnacnla'ria seu notha seu spn'ria seu apn'ria
aimida'ta, Pneumn'nia exter'nn, Lagonnp'onoa,
Thornnnd'yne, Dolnr Pec'loria exter'nua, Pain in
the aide', Stitch in the side, Fohe, rhrnmat'ic or
rhenmatia'nial pleurisy, (Old Eng.) Shntt, (Sc.)
Caik, (F.) Point de c6te, Douleur de c6li, Pleu-
riaie f ansae ; from irXtu/ia, 'the side or pleura,'
and o&v\r,i, ' pain.' A spasmodic or rheuinatio
afi'ection, generally seated in the muscles of tlio
chest, and, ordinarily, in the intcrcoslals. It is
usually augmented by outward pressure, inspira-
tion, coughing, exertion, moving the thorax, and
sometimes even the corresponding arm. It is
unaccompanied by fever, cough, or dysiuicea, ex-
cepting under the form of a stitch, when dyspna^a
exists. It is, generally, by no means obstinaic,
and yields promptly to warm applications and to
cupping or leeches. If it still resists, a blister
will, almost always, remove it.
Pleurodynia Ventosa, Pleuritis ventosa.
PLEUROMA, Costa, Pleura.
PLEUROPATIU'A, from -rlivpa, 'the pleurii,'
and iTttOos, ' a disease.' A disease of the pleura,
PLEUROPERI PNEU'MONY, Plenmpcri-
pnennio'nia, Pleuropnenmo'nia, Pnenmanopleiirc'-
ais, Pneumonoplcnri'tis,P/curi'tis pulmo'nls, Pnm.
mn'nin pleuritis. Inflammation occupying the
pleura and the lung at the same time. Pleurisy
and peripneumony existing simultaneously. Plnj.
sicnl signs. A dull sound is yielded by percus-
sion for a variable extent over the more depen-
dent portions of the affected side. The loss of
sound is partially modified by change of position.
The respiratory murmur on auscultation is very
feeble or absent inferiorly; higher up, the crepi-
tation or bronchial resj)iration of pneumonia may
be detected ; round the root of the lung, and nenr
the inferior angle of the scap.ula, egophony is
generally present. There is seldom much en-
largement of the affected side, or displacement
of the adjacent organs, as in the case of simple
chronic pleurisy.
PLEITROPNEIIMA, Pneumathorax.
PLEUROPNEUMONIA, Pleuropcripncu-
mony.
PLEUROPNEUMONITIS, Pleuroperipncu-
mony.
PLEUROPYESIS, Empyema.
PLEURORRIIAGIA, Haematothorax.
PLEURORRHffi'A, from r:\cvfn, ' the side,'
and pew, ' I flow.' Accumulation of fluid in the
pleura.
PLEURORRHCEACHyLOSA,Chylothorax— p.Lyni-
phatica, llydrothorax — p. Purulenta, Empyema
— p. Sangiiinea, Haematothorax — p. Serosa, lly-
drothorax.
PLEURORTHOPNCE'A, from irXtupa, 'the
side,' oi)%i, 'erect,' and nvtu), 'I respire.' _ Pain
of the side, which does not permit the patient to
breathe, except when in the vertical position.
PLEUROSO.'MUS, from 7rXf«/)a, 'side.' and
atajm, 'body.' A malformation in which the fis-
sure is somewhat lateral, with eventration ex-
tending chiefly upon the upper part of the abdo-
men and upon the chest; the upper extreinify
of the fissured side being more or less atrophied.
— Vogel.
PLEUROSTO'SIS, from TrXtupa, 'the pleura,'
and oartov, 'a bone.' Ossification of the pleura,
or in the cavity of the pleura. Ostenpleu'rin.
PLEUROTETANUS, Pleurothotonos.
PLEUROTHOT'ONOS, Pleurot'onns, Plevro.
tet'anua. Tetanus latera'lia, from ir'StvpnScv, 'late-
rally,' and Tovoi, 'tension.' A variety of tetanns,
in which the body is curved laterally by the
stronger contraction of the muscles of one side
of the body.
PLEUROTONOS, Pleurothotonos.
PLEURUM, Costa, Pleura.
PLEVRE, Pleura.
PLEXIM'ETER, Ple.com'cter, Plegom'eter,
TLEXOMETER
■27
TLORATUS
Plenntni'eler, Anticopoacop'iiiin, Aittiop'oacope,
(F.) I'leHsimitre, from n\t)aau>, 'I strike,' and
IHTfi'iv, ' measure,' 'a measure of percussion.' An
ivory plate of a circular or ovoiil shape, from an
inch ami a half to two inches in diameter, and
about one-sixth of an inch in thickness. It has
either a raised rim or edge, or projecting handles
on its upi)er side, to permit its being held between
the finger and thumb of the left hand, whilst it
is struck with the right. It is used in percussion
of the chest. A piece of metal, a coin, or the
finger of the left hand may be used with equal
advantage. — See Percussion, mediate.
PLEXOMETER, Plo.ximeter.
PLEXOR, from irXriaaio, 'I strike.' PlesKer.
Any instrument employed in percussion. The
ends of the fingers of the right hand brought to-
getlier are the best plexor ; as the finger of the
left is, perhaps, the best jjlexinielci:
PLEXUS, Pler/nia, Plec'tdiie, Plniie, Refe, from
irXtKo), plecfo, '1 interlace,' ' I entwine.' (F.) Lucis.
A network of blood-vessels or of nerves. The
nervous plexuses, hDplicntio'nes reticnla'rei seu
Textu» iii'rvorum belong — some to the system of
encephalic nerves — others to that of the great sym-
pathetic; whilst some, as the ))haryngeal, seem
to bo formed of the two sets. The plexuses re-
present complex networks, with more or less
loose meshes, formed by the numerous and diver-
sified anastomoses of the nervous filaments : from
which proceed other branches, that are distri-
buted to organs, or to other plexuses.
Pr.KXiis, Cardiao, Cardiac plexus — p. Carotid,
see Carotid nerve — p. Cavernosus, Bulbus vesti-
buli — p. Chornides, see Choroid — p. Choroideus
Medius, Choroidea tela — p. Ciliaris, Ciliary liga-
ment— p. O(p/ioifue, Coeliac plexus — p. Coronnrius
ventriculi, Gastric plexus — p. Coronary, see Car-
diac plexus, and Coronary plexus — p. Gangli-
formis semilunaris, Coeliac plexus — p. Oanglio-
formes, (Janglions, nervous — p. (rlandiformes,
fjanglions, nervous — p. Glandulosi Peyeri, Peyeri
glandulic — p. Ilederaoeus, Corpus pampiniforme
— p. Ilepaticus, Hepatic plexus — p. Infra-thy-
roideal, see Thyroideal veins — /). Lomho-nbdomi-
nal. Lumbar plexus — p. Median, Cadiac plexus —
p. Mcsenterii proprius ct maximus, Cceliac plexus
— p. Nervorum anserinus. Facial nerve — p. Opix-
togastrique, Coeliac plexus — p. Painpiniformis,
Corpus pampiniforme — p. Pharyngeal, see Pha-
ryngeal nerve — p. Pneumogastricus, see Pneu-
mogastrie nerve — p. Retiforrais, Corpus eaver-
nosum vaginae — p. Reticularis, Bulbus vestibuli,
Choroides plexus — p. Solar, Coeliac plexus — p.
Som-m(Hen1erique, Hypogastric ])lexus — p. Tenti-
CM/m/rc, Spermatic plexus — p. Trachelo-8oii«-cn-
tanS, Cervical plexus — p. Vasculnsus funiculi
spermatid pampiniformis, Corpus pampiniforme.
PLICA, from plico, irXtKu), ' to fold,' Tricho'sh
plica, Tricho'ma, Trichono'sia plica, Tricw, T.
Jiicuho'rHin seu Scrofo'riim, Plica Polonica seu
Polon'icn Juda'ica seu Cachec'tica seu Saxoii'ica
seu caput Jfecln'/KB seu loitgicau'da latera'/ia,
Affet'tio Sarmat'ica, Lues Sarmal'ica seu Poloii'-
ica seu Trichomat'ira, IIcIo'hih, Jlclo'tis, Cir'ra-
grn, Cir'rhagra, C. Poloiio'rxm, Eephjj' ma trieh-
o'liia, Morhits Cirrho'rum, Oomn Cmsa'rea, Kolto,
Phnpnlo'sis, Plica'tio, Plicatu'ra, Matted hair.
Plaited hair, Trichom'atose hair, (F.) Plique, P.
Polnnaiiie. A disease endemic in Poland, Lithu-
ania, and other parts of Northern Europe; so
called on account of its being characterized by
interlacing, twisting, and agglutination or matting
of the hair. By some it has been regarded as a
real disease ; by others, as the want of attention
to cleanliness. However this may be, it gene-
rally appears upon the hair of the head, but some-
times iu that of other parts, as the beard, the
hair on the axilla, pubes, Ac. Alibert admits
three species of plica. 1. Plica multiform' is or
Plica caput Medu's<p, in which the hairs are
mixed and agglutinated in greater or less masses ;
and this has been again subdivided into two va-
rieties, according as the meshes are almost
straight (P. C. M. lacinin'ta, (F.) Plique en la-
viercs) or much twisted, (F.) P. en vrilles.) 2.
Plica lourjicau'dd, (F.) Plique solitaire OU d
queue ; when the hair is united into a single long
mass, and 3. Plica cespito'sa, (F.) Plique en masie,
in which the hairs are matted into one large,
shapeless mass. Pinel places this disease amongst
the Cutaneous plilei/masicB ; but it is far from de-
monstrated, that it is the result of inflammation
of the skin. Certain it is, however, that the
tangling of the hair is symptomatic of an affec-
tion— sui i/eneris — of the dermoid system. The
idea that it is entirely owing to want of cleanliness,
as has been conceived by some, is not tenable.
It has been supposed to be produced by a fungous
growth — a nn/coderma or trichomnphyte.
Plica, Plectane — p. Caehectica, Plica — p.
Caput MedustB, Plica — p. Centralis retinas, see
Optic nerve — p. Longicauda lateralis, Plica — p.
Lnnata, Valvula semilunaris — p. Polonica, Plita
— p. Polonica Judaica, Plica — p. Saxonica, Plica
— p. Semilunaris, Valvula semilunaris.
PLiCyE CoNNivKNTBS, Valvulaa conniventes — p.
Semilunares, see Urinary bladder, and Uterus.
PLICATIO, Plica.
PLICATURA, Plica.
PLICATUR.E CEREBRI, Gyri cerebri.
PLICHOS, Perin.T>um.
PLIN'THIUM, ttXivSio)'. a machine invented
by one Nileus, which was formerly employed in
the reduction of fractures and luxations. Scul-
tetus describes it in his Armamentarium Chirur-
tjicum.
PLIQUE, Plica — ?). Polonaise, Plica.
PLOCARIA CANDIDA, Fucus amylaceus —
p. Ilelminthochorton, Corallina Corsicana.
PLOMn, Plumbum.
PLOMB ^F.). The sulphuretted gas disen-
gaged from privies, which proves fatal at times
to the nightmcn, (F.) Vidanijeurs, engaged in
emptying them.
PLOMB, ACETATE ACTDE T)E, Plumbi
superacotas — p. Blanc, Plumbi subcarbonas — ;;.
Blanc de, Plumbi subcarbonas — p. Carbonate de,
Plumbi subcarbonas — p. Chlorure de, Plumbi
chloridum — ;). lodure de, Plumbi iodidum — p.
Nitrate de, Plumbi nitras — p. Oxide de, fondu,
Plumbi oxydum semivitreum — p. Oxide rou(je de,
Plumbi oxydum rubrum — p. Oxide semi-vitreux
de, Plumbi oxydum semivitreum.
PLOMB AGE PES DENTS, Plugging.
PLOMBAGINE, Graphites.
PLOMBIFIHES, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Pontes medica'ti Plumba'rii, ThermtB Plumbaritp.
Plombieres is a town in the department of the
Vosges, 17 leagues from Nancy, and two from
Remiremont. Here are several sources of ther-
mal water. That which is called Saponaceous
(F.) Savouneuse, is formed of the subcarbonnre
and sulphate of soda, chloride of sodium, silica.,
carbonate of lime, and much vegeto-animal mat-
ter. This last component, when held in solution
by means of the subcarbonate of soda, gives to
the water an unctuous character. This is the
origin of its name. The waters of Plorabifires
are employed as solvents in engorgements of the
abdominal viscera, and as alteratives in chronio
diseases of the skin.
PLORATIO, Lacrymatio.
PLORATUS, Lacrymatio.
PLOTUS
728
PLUMBUM
PLOTUS, Leiopus.
PLOUK, Papula.
PLUGGING, (Sw.) /'/"^^.(r.) Tamponnement.
The act of stopping a hole. The introduction of
H plug or riossil of lint or rag into a wound or
natural cavity — as the uterus or vagina — to arrest
lieniorrhage; or of some substance into a carious
tooth to prevent toothache, (F.) Plombage dea
dents. See Filling.
PLUKE, Papula.
PLUM, Prunum, Prunus domestica — p. Assy-
rian, Sebestina.
PLUMA, Lanugo.
PLUMACEAU, Pledget.
PLUMACEOLUS, Pad, Pledget.
PL U.UA SSEA U, Pledget.
PLUMBAGO, Graphites, Persicaria.
Pli'mba'go Europ^'a, P. lapathifu'lia seu nn-
didit'tu, from plnmbnm, 'lead,' because covered
with lead-coloured spots, JJenta'ria, Crepanel'la,
S/niiiiKt'n'a, Deiitela' rin, Leadwort, (F.) Dente-
hiire, Herbe au Cancer, 3Ialherbe. Ord. Plumba-
ginacese. Se^i:. Si/st. Pentandria Monogynia.
The root was formerly much esteemed as a cure
for toothache, like the Pel'litory of Spain, which
is also called Dentarin.
PLUMBI ACETAS, P. superacetas— p. Acetas
dilutum alcoholicum. Liquor plumbi subacetatis
(lilutus — p. Aeidulus siccus, Plumbi superacetas
— p. Carbonas, P. subcarbonas.
Plumbi Chlo'ridum, Chloride of Lend, (F.)
Chlorure de P/omb. This salt of lead has been
used in the form of lotion and ointment in can-
cerous ulcerations.
Plumbi Dkutoxthum Rubrdm, P. Oxydum
rubruin — p. Ilydriodas, P. lodidum — p. lodhy-
dras, P. lodidum.
Plumbi lon'iDUii, P. lodiire'titm seu ff^dri'-
odnn seu Hi/droi'odns seu lodhy'draa, Plnnibum
iodd'tam seu Hi/dro'iod'ieum, I'odide or lod'uret
of Ledd, (F.) lodnre de Plomb, I. plomblque.
This salt is formed by the double decomposition
of iodide of potdsnium and nitrate of lead. It is
used in scrofulous affections internally and ex-
ternally ; and is officinal in the Pharmacopoeia
U. S. 1851. Dose, gr. ss to gr. iij or iv.
Plumbi Iodijretum, P. lodidum.
Plumbi Nitras, Plnmbnm ni'tricnm, Nilrna
phimh'ifus, Nitrum satunii'nuni. Nitrate of lead,
(F.) Nitrate ou Azofate de Plomb. A salt formed
1\V the action of diluted nitric acid on litharye.
Nitrate of lead has the same medical action as
t'.ie other soluble salts of lead, and is a valuable
a.itibromie. It has been used, also, as an exci-
tant antiseptic to wounds, ulcers, <fec., and is the
basis of Ledoyen's disinfecting liquid.
Plumbi Nitrosac'charas, Nitrosac'charate of
l<-ad. (Sncchnr. p. j ; Acid, nitric, p. ij ; AqncB
p. X.) Beat together in a porcelain dish as long
ns chemical action continues: dilute the liquor
with water, neutralize with chalk, and to the fil-
tered solution add acetate of lead so long as a
precipitate is formed. Collect, wash, and dry
the precipitate, which is saccharate of lead. Dis-
solve in dilute nitric acid, (one part acid to
nineteen of water,) filter and evaporate to form
crystals, which are transparent, of an amber
colour, and in regular hexagonal plates or
prisms.
Advised as a solvent of phosphatic calculi.
Plumbi Oxydum Album, Plumbi subcarbonas
— p. Oxydum carbonatum per aeidum acetosum,
Plumbi subcarbonas — p. Oxydum fusum, PI.
oxydum semivitreum.
Plumbi Oxydum Eubiium, Min'ium, Miltua,
Dentox'i/dnm pininbi rnbrnni, Snporox'i/duin Plum-
bo'siiiii, Plnmbnm o.ri/do'lnm rnbrnm sou super'-
O.rydatnm, Saudix, Simili/jc, lied lead, (F.) Ujide
de plomb ronge. It is sometimes used to kill
vermin.
Plumbi Ox'ydum Semivit'rf.um, Plnmbnm
oxyda'tum, Lithar'gyrns, Lithan/yrnm, Lilliar.
gyr'inm, Oxydum jilnmbi fnsnm, S/inma an/rnl'i,
Semi-vit' rifled oxyd if lead or litharge, Ctilriteo'-
sa, Cath'niia, (F.) Oxide de plomb fondn, Uxide
de plomb semivitrenx, (a }'ellovv protoxyd of lend,
prepared by heat, combined with carbonic acid.)
It occurs in scales of a whitish-red colour, and
semi-vitrified. It is employed for pharniacculical
purposes, as in the Liquor plnmhi acelalia, Em-
plantrnm plumbi, &o. Formerly, the Litharge of
gold, Chrysi'tia, Maa'sicot, and Litharge <f aitver,
Almariab, were distinguished in commerce.
These were merely ordinary litharge, resembling
gold or silver in colour.
Plumbi Subcar'bonas, Cnr'bnnaa plumbi seu
plumbicna, Plumbi Carbonna (Ph. U. S.), Plnm-
bnm carbonicnm, PI. oxyda'tum cnrhnn'icum Mu-
giste'rinm plumbi, Oxydum plnmhialbnm, Ceruaaa,
yEru' go plumbi, Paimmyth'iou, Paym'mython, Sim-
mitium. Flake white, Blanca, Geraa, If'Jidea. Sub-
car'bonate of lead, Ceruaae, White lend, (F.) Car-
bonate de plomb, Blanc de plomb, Plomb blnnc,
Ch-nae, Blanc d' Argent, Blanc de Cernae, Blanc
de Krema, B. de Crema, B. de Kremnitz, Craie de
plomb, (prepared by exposing spiral rolls of lead
to the fumes of vinegar, in vessels placed in dung.)
It is inodorous; has a sweet taste; is brittle;
friable ; snow white, and of a minute, scaly tex-
ture. It is astringent and sedative, and ia
sprinkled on parts affected with local inflamma-
tion, or to prevent chafing in children. It ia
also used in the formation of ointments and
plasters.
Plumbi Superace'tas, Cerva'aa aceta'ta,Plumli
acid'nlna aicrua, P. aee'taa (Ph. U. S.), «SV(/ seu
aac'charnm Sotur'ni, Plumbum ace'ticnm, Dnlce'do
Satur'ni, Acetaa plum'bienm cryatnlliaa'tnm, Snl
plumbi. Sugar of lead, Snpcruc"eiate of lead,
I*rotoac"enite of lend, (F.) Acetate aeide de
plomb, Sel ou ancre de Satnrne. (Plumb, carb.
fbj, Acid acetic, cong. IJ. Boil the lead with
the acid till it is saturated ; then strain through
paper, and evaporate to a pellicle, that crystals
may be formed. Wash the crystals and dry on
blotting-paper. Ph. L.) The acetate of lead haa
a sweet, styptic taste; a very white colour, and
silky lustre. It is astringent; and, in weak solu-
tion, cooling and sedative ; in atrong, stimulant.
It is given internally, in visceral and other he-
morrhages, combined with opium, and is used
externally, in solution, in inflammation, burns,
bruises, gonorrhoea, Ac. Dose, gr. ss to iss.
Plumbi Tannas, see Tannin.
PLUMBICUM ACETAS CRYSTALLISA-
TUM, Plumbi superacetas.
PLUMBOSUM SUPEROXYDUM, Plumbi
oxydum rubrum.
PLUMBUM, Molyb'doa, Molibdna, Saturn'ua,
Capricor'nna, (F.) Plomb. Lead. A solid raetal
of a bluish white colour ; more malleable than
ductile: soft enough to be scratched by the nail;
very fusible and oxydizable, when heated in the
air, and existing, in nature, under a number
of difl'erent shapes; the principal of which are
those of sulphuret and oxyd. S. g. 11.352.
Its use is to form oxides and salts. In its me-
tallic state, it has no action upon the body ; but
when oxydized or united with an acid, it acts, in
large doses, as a powerfully astringent poison.
Plumbum Aceticum, Plumbi superacetas — p.
Album, Tin— p. Candidum, Tin— p. Carbonicum,
PLUMIERA ALBA
20
TNEUMOGASTRIC
riumbi Bubcarbonas — p. Cinereurn, Bismuth,
fiibnitrate of — p. Ilydroiodicum, Pluuibi lodi-
iliiin — p. lodalum, Pluinbi lodiduiii — p. Nigrum,
(iraphiti's — p. Nitricuin, Pluinbi nitras — p. Oxy-
(latuui, Pluinbi oxyduin seinivitreuin — p. Oxyda-
tuin carbi)nit;uin, Pluinbi subcarbonas — p. Oxy-
diituin rubruin, Pluinbi oxydum rubrum — p. Su-
])eruxydatuin, Pluinbi oxydum semivitreum.
PLUMll'J'llA ALIiA; Cc(/cc, Apocynaceae ; a
native ol' tropical America, has a milky juice
which is ciUliartic.
Pmimikiia Duas'tica, is given in Brazil in
jaun<licL', and chronic obstructions, [?j mixed
with milk of almonds.
Plumikua PHAORDyE'NicA, is In repute in Bra-
zil as an anthelmintic.
PLUMS, SKEDKD, see Diospyros Virginiana
— p. Winter, see Diospyros Virginiana — p. Yel-
low, see Diospyros Virginiana.
PLUN(JK BATH, see Bath.
PLUNGING SIPHON, see Siphon.
PLUNKETT'S CAUSTIC FOR CANCERS,
Plunkett's Ointment.
Pi.uxkett's OlNTMKNT, Pluulcett's Cnitstic for
Cancers. This empirical cancer remedy consists
of Arseniuim acid, Sulphur, and the powdered
flowers of the lidinincuhia Jiammula and Cotula
fa-iidd ; — levigated and made into a paste with
the white of egg, and applied, on a piece of pig's
bladder, to the surface of the cancer.
PLURAL BIRTH, see Multiparous.
PLU'TEA. Avicenna gives this name to du-
plicatures of the dura mater, such as the IWx
cerebri.
PLUTONIUM, Barium.
PNEOBIOMANTIA, Docimasia pulmonum.
PNEOBIOMANTICA, Docimasia pulmonum.
PNEUMA, Air, Life. See Pneumatic Physi-
cians.
PNEUMAPOSTE'MA, Pneu7no>inpnste'ma, Ah-
trensun pulmo' nnm ; from ttvcviiuiv, 'the lung;' and
oiruffn;^!!, 'abscess.' Abscess of the lung.
PNEUMARTHRO'SIS, from nviv^a, ' air,' and
(ipSpoK. 'articulation.' Secretion of air into an
articular cavity. Seen at times after acute rheu-
matism, but soon disappearing [?].
PNEUMATELECTASIS, Atelectasis pulmo-
num.
PNEUMATH^'MIA, PueumatcB'mia, from
TTvcviin, TTVivpiaToq, ' air,' and 'ain<i, ' blood.' A
morbid condition in which air is developed in the
bloodvessels. — Cless.
PNEUMATHORAX, Pneumothora.x.
PNEUMAT'IC, Pneumal'icus, Pneumat'ical;
(F.) Piieumatique, from vvevjia, irvnifiaTo;, 'life,
air.' Relating to pneuma, air or health.
PNEUMAT'ir Physicians, Pnenmat'id. Name
given to a sect of physicians, at the head of whom
WHS Athenujus,- who made health and disease to
consist in the different proportions of an element
— which they called Pueuma, Ttvtvfia — to those of
the other elementary principles. ThisTrfEu/^a was
a fancied spiritual iiriiiciple, which the Stoics re-
garded as an element, different from water, air,
earth and fire ; — the sole elementary principles
previously admitted.
PNEUMAT'ICA, from Trvtu/ia, )rvtti//«roc, 'air.'
Appertaining to the breathing. Diseases of the
respiratory function ; — the second class in Good's
system of nosology. Agents that act on the re-
spiratory organs. — Pereira.
PNEUMATICAL, Pneumatic.
PNEUMATOCELE, Physocele,
PNEUMATO'DES, from Trt-u'/ia, 'wind,' and ;
fiii.,j, 'resemblance.' One distended with air, or
who breathes with difiBculty, owing to an accumu-
lation of flatus in the digestive tube ; or, accord-
ing to others, owing to emphysema.
PNEUMATOMETER, Spirometer.
PNEUiMATOMPHALOCELE, Pneumatom-
phalus.
PNEUMATOM'PHALUS, Pueumalom
ce le, from iniviin, nviifidTOi, 'air,' and ufKjioXos,
'the umbilicus.' Umbilical intestinal hernia,
containing a considerable quantity of flatus.
PNEUMATOR'RHACIIIS, from t.-..^, .-, rrviv-
liaToi, ' air,' and 'pa)(^ii, ' the spine.' Accumula-
tion of air in the vertebral canal.
PNEUMATOSE, Pneumatosis— p. Peritoneule,
Tympanites.
PNEUMATO'SIS, Aero'six, from Ti£u,<a, nvtv-
liaros, 'air.' Flatus, (F.) Mtdadie venteuse, Pneii-
iiiutoie. Flatulence. Flatulent distension of the
stomach or bowels, or both. Sauvages uses the
word synonymously with emphysema. It is now
generally employed for every abnormous collec-
tion of gaseous matters in any part of the body.
Pneumatosis, Emphysema — p. Abdominis,
Tympanites — p. Eiiterica, Coliea flatulenta — p.
Pericardii, Pneumo-pericardium — p. Pulmonum,
Emphysema of the lungs — p. Ventriculi, et
Pneumatosis enterica. Flatulence.
PNEUMATOTHORAX, Pneumothorax.
PNEUMECTASIS, Emphysema of the Lungs.
PNEUMOCACE, Necropneumonia.
V'^EVMOCE'LE. Hernia pulmo'uix, (F.) Her-
nie du ponmou. Hernia of the lung through one
of the intercostal sjjaces.
PNEUMOCHOLOSIS, Pneumonia (bilious).
PNEUMOCHYSIS, (Edema of the lungs.
PNEUMOECTASIE, Emphysema of the
lungs.
PNEUMOGAS'TRIC, Ptieumoc/ns'tricug, (F.)
Pneumogaxtrique, from ^vtvyaav, 'the lung,' and
yaarrip. 'the stomach.' Belonging to the lungs
and stomach.
Pnedmogastric Nerves, Eighth pair of nerves
(Tenth pair, of some,) Par vaijum. Pars varja,
Nervns vayua seu ambulalo'rius sou puenmoqas'-
trieuH seu dec"imns seu sijmpath'iciis me' dins. Mid-
dle sympathetic, (F.) Nerfs pneumof/astriqiiet ou
vagues ; so called because it is distributed espe-
cially to the organs contained in the chest and ab-
domen. This nerve arises from behind the emi-
nentiffi olivariae and near the corpora restiformia
by one or two rows of filaments, regularly arranged.
These filaments unite to form a flat cord, which
issues from the cranium by the foramen lacerum
posterius ; behind the glosso-pharyngeal nerve.
At its exit from the cranium, the pneumogastric
nerve has the appearance of a very compact
plexus — Plexus (jauf/liform'is, Gamjlinn of the
superior laryngeal branch, of Sir Astley Cooper.
It then descends along the neck, deeply seated
on the outside of the carotid artery and the inter-
nal jugular vein. When it has attained the lower
part of the neck, it enters the chest, gliding be-
hind the subolavian vein, and j)assing on the
right side, in front of the subclavian artery, and,
on the left, before the arch of the aorta. It pro-
ceeds, at first, backwards, increasing in size.
Afterwards, it passes from behind the bronchia
to the oesophagus, which it accompanies through
the diaphragm, and terminates on the stomach.
In the neck, the pneumogastric nerve anasto-
moses with the spinal, glosso-pharyngeal, great
hypo-glossal, and great sympathetic nerves; and
furnishes, 1, a pharyngeal hrnnch. 2. a superior
laryngeal, 3, cardiac branches. In the chest, it
PNEUMOGRAPHY
■30
PNEUMONOCELE
gives off, 1, the inferior luri/ugeal, or recurrent,
2, tlie jxilmonary plej-ui, and, 3, the cesophngeal
branches. On entering the abdomen, the oeso-
phageal branches, which terminate the pneumo-
gastric, are distributed upon the stomach, and
give numerous filaments to that viscus, to the
hepatic, coeliac, gastro-epiploie, and solar plex-
uses. Some go, also, to the pancreas, liver, gall-
bladder, duodenum, &e.
PNEUMOa'RAPHY, Pneumogra'phia, from^
rvftf/ui', 'the lung,' and ypatpri, 'a description.'
The part of anatomy that describes the lungs.
PNEUMOLITHI'ASIS, from nvcvixuv, 'lung,'
and XtSiacLi, ' formation of stone.' A morbid state
in which calculi form in the lungs.
PNEUMOL'OGY, PneHmoloy"ia,tTOmnveviiij>v,
'the lung,' and Aoyoj, 'a discourse.' An anato-
mical treatise on the lungs. An anatomical de-
scription of the lungs.
PNEUMOMETER, Spirometer.
PNEUMOM'ETRY, Pneumomet'rin, from vvtv-
ftuiv, ' the lung,' and ixcrpov, ' measure.' Measure-
ment of the capacity of the lungs for air. See
Spirometer.
PNEUMON, Pulrao.
PNEUMONALGIA, Angina pectoris.
PNEUMONATELECTASIS, Atelectasis pul-
monum.
PNEU^fON'^CnOSTE, '^ecro-X)nemnomn.
PNEUMONECTASIS, Emphysema pulmo-
Dum.
PNEUMONEMPHRAX'rS,from tveh^wv, 'the
lung,' and eutlipa^n, ' obstruction.' Congestion
and infarction of the lungs.
PNEUiMO'NIA, Peripnenmn'nia, Empren'ma
pneumoni'tis, Pleumo'nia, Peripneumo'nia, Pneu-
moni'tis, Pulmn'nin, Pulmona'ria; luflomma'tio
pneumon' icn, I. pec'loris acu'ta seu })nlino'nicm,
Pneumoa'tasis, Fehria jjneumon'ica, Pnen'mony,
Peripneu'tnouy, lufiammntion of the Lungs, Lung-
fever (vulgarly), (F.) In/iammation dea ponmons,
Filvre pneumiinique ou peripneanionique, Fluxion
de poitrine. Infliimmation du prircnchi/ine pu/nio-
nnire. From nvevfjoiv, 'the lung.' The chief
symptoms of pneumonia are : — pyrexia, accom-
panied by pain, sometimes obtuse, at others pun-
gent,— in some part of the thorax ; pulse more or
less quick and hard, according to the violence
and extent of the local disorder; pain, aggrava-
ted by the cough, which, with dyspnoea, exists
throughout the disease. At first, the expectora-
tion is difficult and painful ; but, in the course of
a few da3's, it becomes free, and the oppression
of breathing is mitigated. When the inflamma-
tion, instead of going off by resolution, passes on
to suppuration, rigors are experienced ; the re-
spiration becomes more oppressed, but less pain-
ful, and a sense of weight is felt in one of the
pleurae. Pneumonia may, also, terminate by
gangrene — but this rarely happens, — by indura-
tion and by hepatization.
Physical Signs. First Stage, (F.) Engoue-
ment. Diminution of the sound is generally ob-
served over the affected part on percussion ; aus-
cultation exhibits an equal, dry, crepitating rale,
which is best heard at the close of a deep inspi-
ration, and on coughing. The respiratory mur-
mur is intermingled with the crepitant rale, or it
may be absent. In the neighbourhood of the
affected parts it is natural or puerile. The voice
and cough are rather more resonant than usual.
Second Stage, (F. ) Hepatisation rouge. When
hepatization has occurred, the motion of the af-
fected side is impeded, and immediately above
the sternum and in the corresponding triangular
space on either side, there is often an evident
depression. Percussion is dull over the affected
part in every position of the patient. On nnsoul-
tation, the crepitation is found to be replaced by
bronchial respiration. The respiratory murmur
is louiler in the other portions of the lung, the
voice and cough are more resonant, and llio
heart's action is more distinct. Tninn Stark,
(F.) Hepatisation grise. When suppuration su-
pervenes, the same signs persist; but usually the
voice and cough are less resonant, and a coarse,
mucous rule is heard. When gangrenous or sup-
purative cavities are formed, they present the
ordinary signs.
The prognosis must be guardetl. It is not a
disease which we can always subdue. Great ex-
tent of inflammation ; very considerable oppres-
sion ; orthopnoca, and difficult expectoration nro
unfavourable symptoms. The must active trcat-
nient is of course necessary. General bleeding
forms the sheet anchor, — employed so as toniiike
a decided impression on the system, and rcpciitcd,
if necessary; local blood-letting; nauseating
doses of antimonials ; purgatives; and when tlie
violence of the inflammation has been got under,
— counter-irritants, &e. Chronic pneuinoiiia
sometimes succeeds the acute, and, at others,
occurs accidentally. It -must be managed on
general principles. Small bleedings, cspociiilly
locally; and counter-irritants of all kinds are
indicated.
Pneumonia Biliosa, P. bilious.
Pneumonia, Bil'ioiis, P. hilio'sa, Pncvnioclio-
lo'ais. Inflammation of the lungs, accoinpanieil
by gastric fever, and not uncommonly by typhoid
symptoms; — Pneumotyphus, Piieunio'nia ty/jha'i'-
des seu typho'dea seu typho'sa, Putrid, typhoid,
adynamic, or erysipel'atous pneumo'nia.
Pneumonia, Erysipelatous, P. bilious — p.
Gangrenosa, Necropneumonia — p. Ilypostatica,
Pneumonypostasis — p. Intermittens, Pneuuioty-
posis — p. Lobular, see Lobular — p. Notha, Peri-
pneumonia notha — p. Pleuritis, Pleuropneumonia
— p. Putrid, P. bilious — p. Typhodes, P. bilious
— p. Typhoid, P. bilious — p. Typhosa, P. bilious,
Necropneumonia — p. Vesicular, Bronchitis, vesi-
cular.
PNEUMONIC, Pulmonic.
PNEUMON'ICA. From ttved/zui/, 'the lung.'
Diseases affecting the lungs, their membranes or
motive power ; characterized by irregular, im-
peded, or painful respiration. The second order
of the class Pneumatica of Good.
PNEUMONIC'ULA, diminutive of pneumonia.
A slight inflammation of the lung.
PNEUMONICUS, Pulmonic.
PNEU3I0NJE, Pneumonia — p. nienfmivh,
see Lobular — p. Lohulaire, see Lobular — p. Ma-
melonnee, see Lobular.
PNEUMON IE DBS AGO NTS A NTS, Puen-
monie hypoatatique. The hyper«mic engorge-
ment, which takes place in the lungs during tlie
last moments of life, has been so termed. It
would seem to be hyperaemia rather than inflam-
mation.
PNEUMONIT'IC, Pneumonit'icua. Of, or be-
longing to pneumonitis, or inflammation of the
lungs.
PNEUMONITIS, Pneumonia.
PNEUMONOCARCINO'MA, from wvcvi>m,
' the lung,' and KopKivwua, ' cancer.' Cancer of
the lungs.
PNEUMONOCE'LE, from nvcvfioiv, 'the lung,'
and Krj\ri, 'rupture.' Hernia of the lung.
Pneumonoce'le Diaphragmat'ica Inteu'na.
Hernia of the lung through the- diaphragm.
Pneumonooele Exter'na seu TnonAc"iCA.
Hernia through the parietes of the chest.
PNEUMONCEDEMA
■31
PODENCEPHALUS
PsBUMONocELE Thoracica, Pd. externa.
PNEUMON(EDEMA, (Edema of the lungs.
PNEUMONOMELANOSIS, see Melanosis.
PNEUMONOMETEK, Spirometer.
PNEUMONOPIITHISIS, Phthisis pulmonalis.
PNEUMONOPIITHOE, Phthisis pulmonalis.
PNEUMONOPLE URESIS, Pleuroperipneu-
mony.
PNEUMONOPLEURITIS, Pleuroperipneu-
mony.
PNEUMONORIIHAGIA, Ilaemoptysis.
PNEUMONOKRIKEA, Hajmoptysis.
PNEUMONOSCIR'RIIUS,from nvcvixu>v, 'the
lung,' and atifipof, ' induration.' Induration of
the lungs.
PNEUMONOSES, Pneumoses.
PNEUMONY, Pneumonia.
PNEUMONYPOS'TASIS, Pnevmo'nia hypo-
tiat'icu. Pneumonia in a depending portion of
the lung, caused by lying on the back.
PNEUMOPElilCARDE, Pneumo - pericar-
dium.
PNEUMO-PERICARD'IUM, Pneuwo-peri-
carditis, Pnctimato'sis pericard' ii , (F.) Pnevmo-
■pdicarde, from nviviia, 'air,' and ntpiKa^iiiov,
'pericardium.' Laeniiec designates, under this
name, the effusion of air into the cavity of the
pericardium.
PNEUMOPHTIIISIS, Phthisis pulmonalis.
PNEUMOPIIYMATA, Tubercles of the lungs.
PNEUMOPLEURESIS, PIcuroperipneumony.
PNEUMOPTIIOE, Phthisis pulmonalis.
♦ PNEUMORRHAGIA, Ilfemoptysis — p. In-
terna, Ilasmatothorax.
PNEUMOSEPSIS, Necropneumonia.
PNEUMOSES, from rvtv,xiav, 'the lung.' A
term under which Alibert comprises every mor-
bid affection of the lungs.
PNEUMOTHORAX, Pnevmntho'm.r, Pueu-
matotho'rax, EnipJiyae'ma prc'ton'x, Asthma aeri-
vm seu empliysemat'ienm, Dyspna'a pnextmnt'ica
seu ])lnjsothorac"ica, Physotho'rax, Aerothn'rax,
A'iropleurie (Piorry), from vvzufia, 'air,' and
5(i)p<if, ' the thorax.' An accumulation of air in
the cavity of the pleura. A complaint generally
sudden in its invasion and fatal in its cliarnctcr.
In many instances, along with the air. a liquid is
effused, — Nydropiieiimotliorax. The disease may
be spontaneous and simple, but in a large pro-
portion of cases it is complicated with pleurisy
and pulmonary tubercles. The signs vary ac-
cording as there is, or is not, a communication
between the pleura and the bronchia. The af
fectcd side gives a hollow, tympanitic sound,
even where the thickness of the parictes of the
thorax is great. When the effusion is consider-
able, the affected side is dilated, but there is no
r/ile of any kind. When a gaseous and a liquid
effusion are present at the same time, the sound
on percussion is found to be clear at the superior
part of the thorax, but dull inferiorly ; hence, by
varying the position of the patient, and by con-
sequence that of the contained fluids, the seats
of the clear and the dull sound will be varied.
When the gaseous effusion is owing to a fistulous
communication between the pleura and bronchia,
the nietiiliic respiration and resonances are heard ;
and if there be both gaseous and liquid effusion,
with a fistulous communication, in addition to
these signs there is the tintcment melallique. The
presence of liquid can always bo ascertained by
Euccussion. See Emphrysema of the lungs.
PNEUMOT'OMY, Pneumotom'ia, from irvtu/iuv,
' the lung,' and rcpvw, 'I cut.' Dissection of the
lungs.
PNEUMOTYPIIUS, Pneumonia, typhoid.
PNEUMOTYPO'SIS, Pncnmo'nia hUermit'-
tens, from irvtviiiiiv, ' the lung,' and rmros, ' a
stamp, a type.' Pneumonia characterized by
periodicity.
PNEUOBIOMANTIA, Doeimasia pulmonum.
PNEUSIOBIOGNOSIS, Doeimasia pulmonum.
PNEUSIOBIOSCOPE, Doeimasia pulmonum.
PNEUSIS, Respiration — p. Pertussis, Pertus-
sis— p. Singultus, Singultus — p. Tussis, Tussis.
PNEUSOMETER, Spirometer.
PNIGALION, Incubus.
PNIGMOS, Orthopnoea, Strangulation.
PNIGOPHOBIA, Angina pectoris, Suffocation.
PNIX, Orthopnoea, Strangulation.
PNOE, Aura.
PNCEUM. A nostrum of Dr. Samuel Ilahne-
mann, the founder of the ' Homoeopathic System,'
which consisted — it is said — of borax only !
PNOOCOLYTICUS, Asthmatic.
POAD-MILK, Colostrum.
POCHE DES EAUX, see Liquor Amnii, and
Parturition.
POCK, from Teut. pocca, 'poch or little
pouch.' A pustule of smallpox.
PocK-ARR, Pock-mark, see Cicatrix — p. Kine,
Vaccina.
POCKFRETTEN, see Pockmark.
POCKHOLE, Pockmark.
POCKMARK, Pocl-hole, (Prov.) Poclcarr,
Scrohic'idne seu Cica'trix Vnri'n/cR. The mark
or pit or piltinr] left from a smallpox pustule.
One pitted with smallpox is said to ho pocl-fn-tlen
or pnekf redden.
POCKY. Infected with, or appertaining to,
or resembling, smallpox or syphilis.
POC'ULUM ABSINTHIA'TUM. This was
regarded, in remote ages, as a wholesome beve-
rage; the absinthium, or 'wormwood,' being sup-
posed to act as an antidote to drunkenness.
PocrniM AMATORUUf, Philter — p. Diogenis,
Palm — p. Emeticum, Goblet, emetic.
VOD' AG'RA, Podarthri'tis, Podorrheii'mn, Po-
dal'yia, from vovi, -roioi, 'the foot,' and aypa,
' seizure.' Pain which attacks the feet. Gout,
situate in the articulations of the foot. It has,
also, been used in a more extensive signification
synonymously with gout.
PonAGRA Aberrans, Gout, (wandering) — p.
Arthritis, Gout — p. Retrograda, Gout, (retro-
grade.)
PODAGRARIA. Ligusticum podagraria — p.
iEgopodium, Ligusticum podagraria.
PODAG'RIC, Podag'rical, Podnf/'rirus, Ar-
thrit'icus, Arthrit'ic, Gouty, (F.) Goutteux. Re-
lating or belonging to gout. Affected with, or
liable to gout.
PODALGIA, Gout, Podagra.
PODALYRIATINCTORIA,Sophoratinctona,
PODANENCEPHALIA, see Podencephalus.
PODARTHRITIS, Podagra.
PODARTHROC'ACE, from novg, tto^os, 'the
foot,' ap^pov, 'an articulation,' and xaKos, 'bad.'
Caries of the articulation of the foot.
PODENCEPHALIA, see Podencephalus.
PODENCEPH'ALUS, Podanenceph'alus, from
irovi, 7ro<5os, 'the foot,' and Kt<pa\v, 'the head.' A
monster whose brain is placed outside the skull,
and seems to be supported on a pedicle, which
traverses the summit of the skull. This state of
PODEX
732
POISON
monstrosity is termed Podanencephn'lia, or more
properly, Podcncepha'Ua. — I. G. St. llilaire.
PODEX, Anus, Nates.
PODODDE'MA, from t!ov(;, voSoi, 'foot,' and oi-
fni^Ct 'a. swelling.' OEdema of the foot.
PODOL'OGY, Podol<Hi"ia, from irovj, tto^oj,
'the foot,' and Aoyoj, 'a discourse.' A description
of the foot. A treatise on the foot.
PODOPHYL'LUM PELTA'TUM, Podophijl'-
him, Atinpodophjjll'nm Caundetise. May-apple,
Mandrtike. Ord. Berberidaceae. Sex. Si/st. Poly-
andria Monogynia; from jrouj, iroSoi, 'a foot,' and
^vWov, 'a leaf,' in reference to the shape of the
K-af. A common plant throughout North America.
The fruit is eatable, and esteemed by many. The
leaves are said to be poisonous. The root or
rhizoma. Podophyllum (Ph. U. S.), is purgative
in the dose of 20 grains. It has also been used
as an anthelmintic.
Podophyllum Monta'num, Mountain May-ap-
ple, 3Iaiidrnke, Wild Lemon, Ducksfoot, Raccoon
Berry, Yellow Berry, Ground Lemon, has the
same properties.
PODORRHEUMA, Podagra.
PODOTHE'CA, from vovi, noHos, 'a foot,' and
OriKri, 'a receptacle, a sheath.' The cuticle of the
foot. An anatomical preparation. Chirothe'ca,
has been used for the cuticle of the hand.
POELETTE, Cup, Paleile.
POE'PIIAGUS, from n-o?/, or -noa, 'a plant, an
herb,' and ^ayu, 'I eat.' One who subsists on
herbs or vegetables. The act of subsisting or
feeding on herbs or vegetables is called Poe-
])haf/"in. Hence Strabo calls the Irish ■not]<payoi.
POGON, Beard.
POGONI'ASIS, Pogo'nia, from jrwyuv, 'the
heard.' A female beard. Also, great strength
or quantity of beard. A female having a beard
— Vira'(/o.
POGO'NIUM, ffwycoviov, diminutive of nwyoiv,
'beard.' A weak or small beard.
POGONOL'OGY, Pogonolog"ia, from ffuyuv,
'a beard,' and l^oyoi, 'a description.' A descrip-
tion of, or treatise on, the beard.
POGOSTEMON INTERMEDIUS, P. Pat-
chouli.
Pogoste'mon Patchouli, P. SuaviR seu inter-
me'diiis, Piieha-Paf, Patchouli. Nat. Ord. La-
hiatie. Native of Penang and the Malayan pe-
ninsula. The oil is used as a perfume. The dis-
tilled oil is used for the same purpose.
PoGosTEMON SuAVis, P. PatchouH.
POHON ANTIAR, Upas — p. Upas, Upas.
POr. A favourite aliment in the Sandwich
Islands. It is a sort of paste made from the root
of the Kalo — Arum esculeii'tum.
POIDS ET MESUEES, Weights and mea-
sures.
POIGNEE, Manipulus.
POIGNET, Carpus.
POIL, Galaetocele, Hair.
POILETTE, Cup.
POILS, see Typha latifolia.
POING, Fist.
POINT, Stitch.
Point, Blistering. A nnrae given by Dr.
Rush to an indeterminate period in the course
of a continued fever, intermediate between the
stages of high excitement and collapse, in which
blisters will — he thought — usually produce un-
equivocally good effects.
POINT I)E C0T£, Pleurodynia.
POINTS LAORYMAUX, Lachrjmalia
puncta.
POIRE, see Pyrus communis.
POIRE A U, Allium porrum. Verruca.
POIRIER, Pyrus communis.
POIS, Pisum — p. d Canlere, see Fonticiilus —
p. Cliiche, Cicer arietinum — p. Cultive, Pisuin —
p. d, Grntter, Dolichos pruriens — p. Putate, Doli-
chos tuberosus.
POISON, Phar'macon, Phar'macum, Tfix'icnm,
Yene'num, Virus, Delcte'ritim, Veiiena'tion, (F.)
Poison. A generic name for all substances which,
when introduced into the animal economy, either
by cutaneous absorption, respiration, or the di-
gestive canal, act in a noxious manner on the
vital properties or the texture of organs. Hence
we speak of fever poison, cholera poison, &c.
Poisons exist in the three kingdoms of nature;
but those which proceed from animals are often
called venoms, as the venom of the viper, scor-
pion, tarantula, <fcc. ; whilst those that are the
products of disease have the name virus. In
common parlance, therefore, poison is restricted
to deleterious articles, furnished by the mineral
and vegetable kingdoms. Orfila has divided poi-
sons into four classes. 1. Acmn, Ir'iutatino,
CoRRo'sivE, or Escharot'ic, such as the C(mcen-
trated acids and alkalies ; mercurial, arseniacal,
cupreous, and antiinonial compounds, canlhari-
des, Ac. 2. Narcot'ic; those that act particu-
larly upon the brain ; as hyoscyamus, opium, &c.,
but without inflaming the organ with which they
come in contact. 3. NARCOT'ico-Acnii) or AcRO-
narcot'ic ; — those that act on the brain, but, at
the same time, irritate the parts to which they
are applied ; as aconite, belladonna, &e. 4. Sep-
tic or Putres'cent; — those furnished by the
animal kingdom. See Venom and Virus. Va-
rious classitications. of a similar character, have
been recommended by different toxicologists; but
they are liable to the objection, that they throw
substances together whose physiological action
on the system is very different. It is, indeed,
difficult to avoid unnatural comprcspion of mat-
ters into places not properly belonging to them,
in all such arrangements.
The following table, which exhibits a coup d'ceil
of the chief poisons, with most of the circum-
stances of importance connected with them, is
not free from these objections
roisoNS
■33
POISONS
TABLE, EXIIIBITIXG THE SYMPTOMS, TREATMENT, AND MODE OF DETECTING
TUE VARIOUS POISOxXS, MINERAL, VEGETABLE AND ANIMAL.
AT. B, In all cases the Stomach- Pump should he used as soon aa possible,
I. INORGANIC POISONS.
Poisons.
ACIDS.
Jlceiic ^cid.
Citric Jirid.
Muriatic Acid.
Jfilric Acid.
Sulphuric Acid.
Tartaric Acid.
Oxalic Acid.
Symptoms.
Prussic Acid.
Oil of Bitter Al-
moiuls.
Laurel It'ater.
ALKAtlKSand
their S.\LTS.
Ammonia,
Stronir Lii/uor or
fVaier of.
Muriate of Am-
monia or Sal
Ammoniac.
Caustic Potnssa,
and Liquor Po-
tass(D.
Carbonate of Po-
(n.«.«n, or Pearl
Ash. ajid Salt
of Tartar.
J\ritrnte of Pola.i-
to. or Salijictre.
Sulphiirct of Po-
tassium or f,i-
ver of Sulphur.
SOD\.
RARTHS nnd
COAI POUNDS.
Car'^ittate of Ba-
ryta.
Chlottde of Ba-
rium.
mtrate .>/ Ba-
rijtr,.
Lime.
The acids, cencr.'illy, are
strong corrosive poisons.
Sour, acrid taste, hiirniiie;
in llie throat, which is in-
creased hy pressur.', swal-
lowing, or coiiuliin!; ; cruc-
lation, and excriii ialing
pain in the stomach; more
or less corrnjiation of the
linin<? uiejnhranes of the
mouili anil pijoia: \\x\ ex-
coriation aliont the month
or such other parts of the
skin as the acid may liave
touched. The matter vo-
mited effervesces with car-
bonate of lime. The coun-
tenance bec(Mnes t'lazed, ex-
tremities cold and clammy;
convulsions arul death. Ni-
tric acid occasicMis yellow
stains, and sulphuiic acid,
black.
Is a sedative poison ; nau-
sea, giddiness, riehility, hur-
ried pulse weight and pain
in the head ; eructations
having the flavour of the
acid ; spasms, tetanus, con-
tractile pupil; convulsions,
death.
Treatment.
Tests.
Violent, caustic, acrid
taste; great luat in the
throat, with destruction of
its lininij memhvane; ditii-
cult and painful decluli-
tiiui ; vomitin« of bloody
matter, which turns the
\ello\v of turmeric brown ;
acute pain in the stomach ;
cold sweats, weakness, hic-
coneh ; violent colic pains,
with puruing of bloody
stools and membranous
flakes; death.
The nitrate of pntassa
will not majiifesi the effect
with turmeric paper. 'I'he
carbonates, when vomited,
will effervesce with acids;
and the liver of sulpluir
will give rise to eructations
of sulphuretted hydrogen.
Analogous to those of
the corrosive metals Vio-
lent liurning in the sto-
mach, vomiting, gripes,
<liarrhOBa ; excessive nms-
cular deliiliiy, headache,
c.onviilsiiuis death I.ime
differs from baryta in lieing
a pure irritant.
The carbonates of soda,
potassa, lime and magne-
sia, are all antidotes to the
acids; calcined magnesia
also. They are to be used
with the following restric-
lions: for the acetic, citric,
muriatic, sulphuric, and
tartaric acids, they may be
used indiscriminately. For
the nitric and oxalic, car-
bonates of magnesia and
lime can alone fje employed
wiih safety. In the case of
sulphuric acid, water slioiild
not be drunk, on account
of the great heat which is
produced by their mixture.
Subsequent infiammalion
to be treated by ordinary
means.
The carbonates of the al-
kalies and of magnesia and
lime have tlie inconve-
nience, that a large ipian-
tily of gas is extricated in
the stomach.
Ammonia is an antidote;
but it should not be em-
ployed in a very concen-
trated form. I.iipiid chlo-
rine has also been found
efficacious. The cold dour lie
to the heail has been re-
commended.
The vegelable acids, such
1 vinegar, lemon juice,
citric and tartaric acid in
solution are antidotes to
file alkalies and their car-
b(Uiates. 'I'he fi.vi.-d oils,
such as castor, linseed, al-
mipiid and olive, form soaps
with the free alkalies, and
I berefor ' destroy their caus-
tic effects.
Poisoning hy nitrate of
potassa to be treated on ge-
neral aiuiphroirislic princi-
ples; mucilaginous drinks.
Liver of sulphur is said
to be deciunposed sitnl neu-
tralized by comuioii salt.
'I'he liipiid chloride of soda
will also decompose it.
The sulphates of soda
and inairnesia are prompt
and etftclive antidotes to
all the poisonous salts of
barvta. Phosphate of soda
will also counteract their
Sulphuric acid is known by .1
while precipitate with any salt
of baryta, insoluble in nitric acid.
Muriatic acid is known by a
white precipitate with nitrate of
silver, insoluble in nitric acid,
which turns black by the action
of light.
JN'itric acirf gives rise to orange-
ccdoiired fumes, when copper is
placed ill it. and an ability to
dissolve gold when mixed with
miirialic acid.
Arftic acid exliales the odour of
vinegar.
Ci'ricocWblackenswhen heated.
Tartaric acid precipitates crys-
tals, with a solution of potassa ;
and a white precipitate is thrown
down by liine-v\ ater.
Oralic acid gives a white preci-
pitate with lime-water, which,
when healed, is converted into
carbonate of lime.
Prussic acid exhales the odour
of peach kernels; forms a white
precipirale with nitrate of silver
neutralized with an alkali, cives
a blue precijiitate with the per-
salts of iron.
The alkalies are known by
their aition on lurmiric paper:
restoriiiL' the colour of lilmus,
which has tieen reddened by an
acid.
Carbonates are known by their
effervescence \\\\h an acid; some
ofthein affect thr tiirnierii- [laper
Sal ammoniac fives out the ))un-
ffenl odour of aiiiirKUiia, when
mixed witli quicklime.
Nitrate of pntassa decrepitates
and deflagrates when thrown on
hot coals.
Liver ofsiilpliuretnils the odour
of siil|)hiirefted hydrogen when
dissolved, or wlien treated with
an acid.
P.arvta and its salts invariably
L'ive a white precipitale. insoluble
in acid, with a soluble sulphate.
Lime, when dissolved, gives a
white precipitate with oxalic acid,
eff'cls. Lime mav be lieu- 1 Also with carbonic acid or a
tralizcd by dilute acids,
('arbonic acid, in soda-wa-
ter, effervescing draught or
yeast, it is supposed, would
"answer a good purpose.
Tlie fixed oils may be em-
ployed either for baryta or
lime, when not in a com-
pound state.
soluble carbonate. The same of
baryta.
roisoNS
•34
POISONS
Poisons.
ALCOHOL.
Branily. IVines,
and all Spirit-
uous Liquors.
Intoxication, and when
taken Very freely, roinplete
insensibility, with apo-
plexy nr paralvsis of one
side; the con ntena nee swol-
len and of a dark-n^d co-
lonr; the hreathinc riifti-
cnlt. and often stertorous
with a peniliar pnthiiffo it
of the lips; till' breath smells
of liquor, which will dis-
tingnish the svmptoins from
those of spontaneous apo-
plexy.
DippcVs Ariimal
Oil.
Oil of Tar.
Oil of Tobacco.
Oilof Turpentine-
Fusel Oil.
Carbonic Jicid. or
Fixed Air.
Carbonic Oxide.
Fumes of Burn-
ing Charcoal.
Chlorine.
Sulphuretted Hy-
dro a en.
IODINE.
Iodide of Potas-
sium.
MET.ALS.
Antimony.
Tartar Emetic.
Chloride, or But
terof Antimony.
Oxide of Anti-
mony.
General action, that of
irritant poisons. Bnrnine
pain, voMiitin?, p'inffi
taste pnreins &c. The oils
of turpentine and lohacco
aff'Ct the nervous system ;
the peculiar odour of each
oil will be manifested in
the matter vomited.
Chlorine produces, when
inh.Tled, violent irritation
of the organs of respira-
tion ; couch, bloody expec-
toration, inflammation of
the Inuffs, and permanent
pulmonary disease The
other gasos, although pro-
durinj some effect on the
respiratory ortrans. act as
poisons in consef|uence of
their sedative agency. The
symptoms, therefore, are
those of apoplexy, or nar-
cotic poisonins.
Irritant symptoms ; burn-
inapain in the throat, lace-
ratitirj pain in the stomach
and fruitless effiirts to vo-
mit; suffusion of the eyes;
excessive pain and tender-
ness of the epigastrium.
A powerful emetic of
white vitriol, or tartar eme-
tic, should be got into I he
stomach as soon as possi-
ble ; and if the person has
lost the power of swallow
in?, a flexible catheter or
tube sho Id be the means of
conveying it thither Tiie
voinitimr should be cncou-
rased as much as possible
with warm water; and larire
and active shsters of salt
and water should be thrown
up. The patient slionlil he
placed erect, and if the
countenance and other ap-
pearaiues he not improved
after these means have been
used, the jusinlar veiii may
be opened, and cold wet
cloths applied to ihe head,
particularly if the bodv be
hotter than natural Ifthe
extremities become cold
warmth and friction should
be perseveringly used.
'I'ksts.
Treasote is immediately
coagulated hy albumen
Dippel's animal oil mav be
counteracted with dilute
acids and the fixed oils
The other oils have no par-
ticular antidotes, and their
effects must, therefore, be
counteracted upon general
principles.
The antidotes to chlorine
are the cauiious inhalation
of ammonia, or suliihuret-
ted hydrogen. The inflam-
matorv symptoms from
chlorine to be treated on
general principles. For the
other gases, cold affusions
to the head, blood-letting,
artificial respiration.
Vomiting. If vomiting
do not occur promptly, vio-
lent irritant effects are
produced. Burning pain in
the pit of the stomach ;
Purging; colicky pains,
sense of tightness in the
throat, violent cramps; re-
peated recurrence of vomit-
Iodine combines with
starch, and forms an insolu-
ble compound The prompt
administration of starch,
wheat flour, or other vege-
table matter containing fe-
cnla, beat up in water, is
recommended. Iodide of
potassium has no antidote.
Vomiting should be pro-
moted by draughts of warm
v;ater, and inflammation be
subdued by general treat-
ment.
No better mode of rccognizins
these substances exists, than thai
derived from their peculiar odnur
Dippel's oil has the pungent odnur
of ainmonia ; creasote and oil of
tar, a peculiar smell of smoke;
the odour of tobacco and lurpiiii-
tine are well known; and fusel
oil has a peculiar, offensive, buf
focating odour.
Chlorine is recognized by its
peculiar odour and bleaching pro-
perties. Sulphuretted hvdrngen.
bv its fetiil smell, and the rapid
blackening of lead. Carbonic
acid, by its occasioning tiirliiil-
ness in lime-water placed in its
atmosphere. Carbonic oxide, by
the blue colour of its flame.
Iodine is known by its odour,
and the formation of a blue pre-
cipitate, when brouifht in contact
with a cold sohition of starch.
Iodide of potassium gives a crys-
talline precipitate, wiih tartaric
acid ill excess. The supernalani
fluid will give the blue colour to
starch.
If vomiting have not been
produced, it should be
brought about by tickling
the fauces, and adminis-
tering copious draughts of
warm water. Astringent
infusions, such as of galls,
oak bark Peruvian bark,
act as antidotes, and should
be given promptly ; pow-
dered yellow bark may be
used, until the infusion is
prepared.
.Aniimouv in solution is tioft
distinguished by the pecniinr
orange red precipitate, which ii
forms with sulphuretted livilrn-
gen or solutions of the hvdrosMl
phntes. Free alkalies prnr'iMV
white precipit-.ites. The innriale
is known by a white precjpiKile.
when it is poured into waler
In ilssolid forms, it mav be known
bv Ihe formation of white fiunc«.
when heated, which reilden lit-
mils. It mav also he converted
into chloride', and then precipi-
tated bv adding water.
POISONS
7 35
rOISONS
Mrsmioits Jlciil,
or iVIiite Jirscnic.
Orpiment. or Yel-
low Unlpkiirel
of Mrsetiic.
King's Yellow.
Renlirnr. or Red
Sul/iliuret of
Jlrsemc.
Fly Powder.
Fowler's Solufion.
jirseniciil Paste.
Arsenical Soap.
Jirsenile of Cop-
per,
Scheele's Oreen.
Violent liiirniiip pain in
the re^ioii of the Ktomacli
und hovvels; teiiilKriicss on
pri!ssiire ; relchirjg: vornit-
iiifj; sense of dryness and
tislilMcss in tlie throat;
thirst; hoarseness and diffi-
cnlty ofspi'ech; the matter
vomited, greenish or yel-
h)vvish, sojnetinies streaked
with blood ; diarrhoea ; te-
nesmus; sometimes excori-
ation of the aims; urinary
organs occasionally affected
with violent burning pains
and suppression ; convul-
sions and cramps; clammy
sweats; lividity of llie ex-
tremities; countenance col-
lapsed; eves rod and spar-
kling; delirium; death.
Bismuth.
^Titrate of Bis-
muth.
Pearl Poioder.
Oxide of Bismuth.
COPPKR.
Sulphaleaf Copper
Blue Vitriol.
Acetate of Copper,
ferdigris.
Carbonaie of Cop-
prr.
Blue Ferditcr.
Jirsenile of Copper
Scheele's Green.
I Food cooked in
di rtij copper ves-
sels, or pickles
mode green by
' copper.
Treatment.
The hydrated peroxide of
iron diffused through wa-
ter ; or the precipitated car-
bonate; or the ruhigo ferri,
in very fine powder to be
administered every five or
ten minutes, until relief is
ohlained. 'I'his is particu-
larly efficacious when ihe
white arsevic has been swal-
lowed. If the arsenic have
been taken in the form
of Fowler's Solution, lime-
water, in copious draughts,
may be given. For either
of the other forms, emetics
of sulphate of zinc; dilu-
<!nts; d(!mulcents, such as
flaxseed tea, infusion of
slippery elm, &c. Counter-
irritants may be used to re-
lieve the spasm, and violent
pain in the stomach, lileed-
ing, as promoting absorp-
tion, should not be em-
ployed until the stomacli is
completely evacuated.
Similar to those produced Milk, and sweet mucila-
from other irritant poisons, [ginous drinks are recom-
(Jeneral inflammation of mended. Leeches, general
Ihe whole alimentary canal;
suppression of urine; hic-
cough, disagreeable metal-
lic taste; vomiting; cramps;
delirium : death.
bleedins; glysters; foinen
lalinns to be employed on
the general principles of
treatment for inflammatory
symptoms.
Very similar to those pro- 1 Albumen to be adminis
duced by arsenic. Coppery tered in either of its forim
erurlatioiis aiui taste. Fa- , which can be most readily
tal cases are generally ter-
minated by convulsions,
palsy, insensibility.
obtained, as milk or whites
of eggs. Vinegar should
vot be t'iven. The inflam-
matory sympioms are to be
treated on general princi-
ples, and so of the nervous.
If the suspected substance can
be obtained free from organic-
matter, the pri'seuce of arsenic
may reaiiily be shown by boil ins
it in distilled water, filtering, and
testing with, 1st. Amnioniaco-
ulphnte of copper. 2d. .Amino,
niaconilrate of silver. (Hume's
Test) 3d. .Sulpliiirelled hydrogen
uas The first will produce a. green
preci|)iiate ; second, a pnle yelioir\
precipitate; ihird, a bright yellow\
precipitate, if arsenic be present.
A portion of the powder, or one of:
these precipitates, carefully and
thoroughly dried, is then to be'
mixed with charcoal and exsic-
cated carbonate of soda, to be
placed in a small glass tube, closed
at one end, and then to be hi ated
to a red heat in the flame of a
lamp. The arsenic will be re-
duced, and sublime in the i.>p|nr
part of the tube, formiiu: a dark
crust, having considerable lustre
on its exterior surface, resem-
bling polished steel. Uy gently
heating this crust in a very small
flame, crystals of white arseni(
will be formed, having a high
adamantine lustre.
If organic matter be present, it
must be entirely destroyed, b\
heating the substance with nitro-
muriatic aciil. After this has been
done, and a clear, transparent so-
lution in distilled water has been
obtained, the subsetpient process
is as above indicated. If arsenious
acid be submitted to the action
of nascent hydrogen, it is deox-
idized, and the metallic arsenic,
thereby obtained, combining with
hydrogen, forms arsenuretted hy-
drogen gas. [Marsh's Test.)
Add to a suspected solution a
few drops of pure chloiohvdric
acid, and place in it a slip of bright
copper; no change occurs until
the liquid is brought to the boiling
point, when, if arsenic be present,
e.vcjn in small quantity, the copper
acquires an iron-gray coating,
from the deposit of that metal.
Remove the slip of copper; wash
it ill water, dry it and gradn.illy
heat it in a reduction tube, when
arsenious acid will he sublimed
in niiniite octohedial crystals.
The test succeeds with powdered
arsenic, the arsenites, arsenic acid,
the arseniates, and orpiment. It
will even separate the arsenic
from arsenile of copper, and from
common lead-shot. lieinsch'sTsst.
Bismuth is known by the forma-
tion of a white precipitate, when
its solution in nitric acid is
poured into water; and by the
formation of a black precipitate
with sulphuretted hydrogen gas,
and hydrosulphates in solution.
The presence of copper is rea-
dily shown in solutions. By
ammonia a beautiful bluish preci-
pitate is thrown down, which
dissolves in an excess of the pre-
cipitant, and the solution has a
rich blue colour. A brisht iron
bar, introduced into solutions of
copper, occasions the separation
of the copper, in a metallic form,
which deposits itself upon the
iron.
POISONS
•36
roisoNS
Poisons.
Gold.
Chloride of Oold.
Fiilmtnating
Oold.
Irov.
Sulphate of Iron,
Copperas.
Orecii yitriol.
Chloride qf Iron.
Lexd.
Acelaie vf Lead,
Sugar of Lead.
Carbonate of Lend,
IVnile Lead.
RedOride.or Red
Liad.
Litharge.
fVinc.t sweetened
by Lead.
Water which has
been kept in
Leaden vessels.
Acidfooil, cookid
or left standing
j» vessels glazed
with Lead.
Mercury.
Corrosive Subli-
mate.
Cyanide of Mer-
cury.
JVitrale of Mer-
cury.
fVhitePrecipilate.
Red Oxide, or Red
Precipitate.
Sulphate, or Tur
bilh Mineral.
Vermilion.cir Red
Sulphuret,
Silver.
titrate of Silver,
or Lunar Caus-
SvMrxo.Ms.
Tin.
Chloride of Tin
Solution of Tin,
used by D tiers.
Oxide of Till, or
Putty Poicder.
Sulphate of Zinc.
White Vitriol.
.Acetate of Zinc.
Very analogous to those
of other irritant poisons.
This substance conMnniii-
catRS a pink stain to the
flesh, anil patches of that
colour iiia\' be fiMiiul about
the lips, and insiiie the
mouth.
Symptoms of irritant poi-
sonins; colic pains, con-
slant voniiting anil purgiiie
Violent pain in the Ihroat.
te'ision of the episrastriuni.
colilness of the skin, and
feebleness of the pulse.
Irritation of the alimen-
tary canal ; spasm ; nervous
symptoms; paralysis, either
partial or complete. When
taken fur some time, in
small quantity, violent and
obstinate colic; tieii'ily of
abdominal muscles, cramps;
remission of pain; obsti-
nate constipation, urine di-
minished, saliva increased ;
countenance an.xious and
gloomy. If relief be not
promptly obtained, giddi-
ness, debility, torpor, coma,
convulsions and death. The
paralysis aflects generally
the upper extremities.
Violent symptoms of irri-
tant poisoning; harsh me-
tallicastritigent taste; burn-
ing pain in the stomach ;
vomiting and purging fre-
quently of bloody matter;
often irritation of the uri-
nary organs, and sometimes
suppression ; tightness and
burning in the throat, occa-
sionally so great as to pre-
vent speech; countenance
not ahvays pale, but some-
times flushed; tendency to
doze; stupor, convulsions
and death.
Those of other irritant
poisons.
The salts of gold are de-
composed by sulphate of
iron ; and iliis lias, llierc-
fure, been recommeiuled as
an antidote. Inflammatory
symptoms to be treated on
general principles.
Carbonate of so la would
be a most excellent anti-
dote to either of these
substances. Mucilaginous
drinks might also be em-
ployed; and |)a I lieu lar symp-
toms relieved by general
treatment.
Sulphate of magnesia and
phosphate of Soda are both
good antidotes fur the solu-
ble salts of lead. For the
solid forms, dilute sulphuric
arid may be drunk. 'J'hese
are applicable to the irri-
tant forms of poisoning by
lead. In the chronic form,
or colica pictonum, purga-
tivi'S and anodynes are re-
sorted to; venesection ; and
external applications to re-
lieve the cramps. The use
ofstrvclinia is recommended
for the paralysis.
Albumen, in some form,
must be promptly adminis-
tered; either white of eggs
beaten n[) with water, milk,
or wheat flour beaten up.
The inflammatory syinp-
toins to be counteracted by
the usual means. Gold,
finely mixed in dust, with
fine iron filings. (?)
The free alkalies differ in their
precipitates from solutinnsof mer-
cury. I'otassa gives, vvith cono-
sive sublimate, a yellowish one;
aiiimonia, awhile; lime- water, an
orange; and sulphurelleil hydro-
gen, a black. If a drop of the so-
lution be placed on a piece of
gold, and touched with a knife or
key. the mercury will be reduced,
which amalgamales with the gold,
producing a while spot. The ni-
trate of mercury gives a black
precipitate w ith the free alkalies.
All the solid forms of ineiciiry are
volatile, and may be reduced by
heating them in a glass tube with
charcoal and carbonate of soda,
when the metallic mercury will
sublime, and may be collected in
a globule.
Nitrate ofsiher is distinguished
hy the formation of a while pie-
cipitate, insoluble in nitric, acid,
with chloride of sodium; a gray
precipitate with ammmna, wliicli
is redissolved in an excess of am-
monia; yellow precipitate with
phosphate of soda. The precipi-
tate of chloride of silver, obtained
by adding muriate of soda to the
nitrate of silver, is readily re-
duced, and the metallic silver ob-
tained, by niixiiig it with dilute
sulphuric acid a ml granulated zinc.
The same as those from Milk to be given copious- The chloride precipitates vegp.
other irritant poisons, and ly, and the subsequent ' table colouring matter; also alliu-
a peculiar tanned appear- treatment to be regulated men and gelatii. The v bite o.viile
ance of the villous coat of by the symptoms. I is precipitated from itssidmioii by
the stomach. I free alkalies; with snlplmr.lled
hydrogen gas. a brown precipitate.
Violent vomiting; astrin- ' The vomiting may he re-' Awhite precipitate is thrown
gent taste, burning pain in lieved by copious draughts down by the free alkalies frniii
the stomach; pale coiinte- of warm water. Carbonate the soluble salts of zinc, which
nance; cold extremities; of soda, administered in so- becomes yelbw' when strongly
dull eves; fluttering pulse. Iition. will decompose the healed— recovering its u bile co-
Death' seldom ensues, in sulphate of zinc. Milk and lour on cooling. Piilpbiiretled
consequence of the emetic albumen also act as anti- hyilroL'on occasions a white pre
effects. dot.'s. General principles cipitale.
to be observed in the subse-|
qiieni trsatmeut.
Chloride of sodium, or
common salt, immediately
decomposes this substance,
and destroys its activity.
Antiphlogistic treatment is
to be employed for the in-
flammatory symptoms.
Tests.
Chloride of gold is very readily
decompiised, and the "old sepa-
rated in a metallic stale. I'rolo-
sulphate of iron, nitrate of silver
and protochloriile of tin. all nn.
swer this purpose. 'I'lie precipi-
tated powd-r will be fiiiind insulu-
ble, except in iiitru-muriutic acid.
Iron is recognised bv a bluish j
black precipitate, with trcime
of galls; rich blue, with pnissiate
of poiassa ; and a greenish or
reddish precipitate, wuh tlio free
alkalies or their carbonates.
Soluble salts of lead yield a
white precipitate with sulphates
and carbonates in sidiition. iSalts
of chromic acid and iodide of po.
tassiuiii occasion a yellow preci-
pitate. Sulphuretted hydrogen,
a black precipitate. If solid, the
lead may be converted into a
stale of solution by nitric acid,
and the dilute solution be Irsleil
as above.
POISONS
737
POISONS
Poisons.
Symptoms.
Treatment.
Tests.
PHOSPHORUS.
Symptoms of irrilani poi-
s()iiiiip;paiiiiii ilio stomach
anil bowiJs; voiniting, (liar-
rhcEa, teiidoniess and ten-
sion of llie abdomen.
An emetic to be prompt-
ly administered; copious
(iranghts containing mag-
nesia in suspension ; muci-
laginous drinks; general
treatment for infianimatory
symptoms.
Phosphorus is known by its
ready inflaminahility, luminous-
ness at ordinary temperatures,
and alliaceous odour.
GLASS or ENA-
MEL.
If taken in very coarse
powder, it produces irrita-
tion nnd inflammation of
the bowels.
Large quantities of crumb
of bread should he eaten, to
envelop the particles. (?)
An emetic of sulphate of
zinc should then he given,
and vomiting be promoted
hy dejniilcent drinks.
II. ORGANIC POISONS.
I. VEGETABLE POISONS.
Irrit.vnt Poisons.
Anemone p«/.«afj7/a. Wind Flower.
Arum mncuhilum. Wake Robin.
Rryoiiia i/ioira. Bryony.
Caladiiim seguinUim. Dumbcane.
(,'alln pnlvsiris. Water Arum.
Caltha pnlustris. Marsh Marigold.
ChflidAuiiim mnjus. O'landiiie.
Cliiiialis f/M/fca. Virgin Bower.
('oii\nlvulus /n/npn. Jalap.
Oiiivnlvuliis scammonia. Scammony.
Crotoii tijrliiiin. Purging Croton.
Cucinnis co/onjnt/tis. Colocynth.
ryclamen Kuropieum. Sow liread.
Dnpliiii; ^HiWjiira. Spurge Flax.
Daphne meiereum. Mi'zereon.
Dclpliinium siiiphisngria. Stavesacre.
Dioica palii^tris Swamp leather-wood.
10(|iiisc'liMu liijemah. Scourgrass.
I'lijplicirliia officinarum. Kuphorbium.
S,)iirge
r;r;i!iiiln officinalis. Hedge Ilyssnp.
MippiHiian(! vianciiiella. Maiichiiieel.
(Iiira crepitans Sand Box.
Ily(lri>cfitylet)u/^aris Marsh Pennywort.
.lalKiplia riircns. Indian Nut.
.lalroplia maniliot. (^'issada.
,luni|i"Mi.s siihiiia. Savin (oil of).
.Iiinipcrus Virgivinvn. Bed Cedar (oil of.)
.Moinordica elalerium. Squirting Cu-
I cumber.
I Narcissus pseiiJo-nnrcissus. Daffi)diK
Pastinax ,«(7(/ca. (Jommon Parsnep.
Pediciilaris pnluatris. Marsh Lousewort.
I Phyt<dacca rierntir/m. Poke,
j Piper riiAcAn. Cnbebs.
Pluiiihago Kuropofn. Toothwort.
RanuricTilus acris, and other species.
Crowfoot.
Rhoilndendron chrijsanthemvm Oleander.
Ificiiuis communis, (^astor Oil Plant.
Sandmcus chitlus. Elder.
Sedum nrrc. Ptime Crop.
StalaL'iiiilis rambogioide.'i. Gamboge.
Taiiacetum viilgare. Tansy (oil of.)
ACRO-NARPOTIC.
.'Ethirsa cynapium. Common Fool's
Parsley. "
.Acoiiitum vnpellus. Monkshood.
.Agariciis. five species. Mushrooms (poi-
sonous).
.Aniaiiila muscnria. Truffles (poisonous).
Anngallis nrrensis. Meadow Pimpernel.
Aiida Gome.tii.
.Apocyiiiim androsirmifolivm. Pogsbane.
.Vrisitilochia clcmalitis. Kirthwort.
Arnica moniinin- Leopard's bane.
■Vsrle^iias Siirinca. S» allowwort.
Atropa hrlliuhntia. Deadly Niiht Shade.
/Esciiliis Qhioensis. Buckeve.
Urucea nniidijsenterica. False Angus-
tiira Bark.
Cerbera three species. Cerbera.
UliicrMphyllum sylvestrc. Bastard Hem-
lock.
47
Symptoms.
The general effects of this
class of vegetable poisons
are; — an acrid pungent
taste, wilh more or less of
bitterness, excessive heat,
great dryness of the mouth
and throat, with sense of
tishtness there ; violent vo-
mitinir, the efforts being
continued even after the
stomach is emptii'd ; purg-
ing, with great pain in the
stomach and bowels; pulse
strong, frequent, and regu-
lar; breathing ofieu quick
and riitfiiult; ai)|if'arances
of intoxication ; the pupil of
the eye frequently dilated,
insensibility rcsemliling
death; the pulse lieeoines
slow and loses its force, and
death closes the scene.
If applied externally
many of ;hein prorluce vio-
lent iiiflarnnialion of the
skin, with vesicaiiiuLS or
eruptions of pustules
Treatment.
If vomiting have been occasioned by
the poison, and the efforts are still con-
tinued, they may be rendered easier by
large draughts of warm water, or thin
gruel; but if symptoms of insensibility
have come cm without vomiting, it
oniiht to be immediately excited by the
sulphate of zinc, or some other active
emetic substance, and after its opera-
tion a sharp purgative should be given
After as much as possible of the poison
is got ri! of a very strong infusion of
coffee, or vinegar diluted with water,
may be given v\ith advantage. Cam.
phor mixture with ether may be taken
frequently, and if insensibility be cou-
siilerable, warmth, frictions, and blis-
ters, may be employed. If inflaniuia-
tioii or other daiureroiis confe(]uiMices
have been induced, they are to be
treated upon general principles.
'I'he fruit of Fenillea Cordifolia has
been recnmmende<l as a powerful an-
tidote against vegetable poisons; it
is to he us(.'d in as recent a state as
possible, f?)
N. li. Bromine, chlorine, and iodjue
are said to be antidotes to the alka-
loids geticfally.
roisoNS
•3 8
roisoNS
Irritant Poisons.
Symptoms.
Chaillntia loricana. Ralbane.
Clienopodiiiiii murale. Woniisoed.
Ciciita macuinta. .^inerican Hemlock.
Cicuta I'jro-ff. Water Hemlock.
Cissiis. Cissus.
Cooriiliis Inilicns. Fish berries.
Colcliicum auliimnale. Meailovv saffron.
Onninin mnculnlum. Hemlock.
Coriaria myrtifotia. Myrtle-leaved Su-
mach.
Curare. Indian War Poison.
Cviiaiichiim ereclum. Cynanchum.
Cvtis IS Inhtirinim. Lahuriiiim.
Datura slrnmonium. Thorn Apple.
nisilalis pwrpwrera. Foxglove.
Ersot. See Secalc.
Erviiin crmlia. Bitter Vetch.
Gaiiltheria procumbcns. Wintcrgreen
(oil of).
HiPmanthiis tozicarius.
Hellehnriis viger. Black Hellebore.
Hvpopliylliim sanguinaria. Paddock
Stool.
Ippracnanha. Ipecacnanha.
Lathynis cicera. Lalhyriis.
Laiiriis camphora. Camphor.
Lobelia iiijlata, Indian Tobacco.
Loliiiin iemulentum. Darnel.
MeWn nzederach. Pride of China.
Merciirialis perennis. Mountain Mer-
cury.
Nerum oleander. Common Oleander.
Nicotiana lahncnm. Tobacco.
Oilnaiithe cror.ata. Hemlock Dropwort.
Passiflora qundrangularis. Rarbadine.
Fiscidia erijihrhta. .lamaica Dogwood.
Polysala veiienosu fof Java).
Rhus radicnvs. Poison Vine.
Rhus lorUodendron. Poison oak, or Su-
mach.
Rohiiiia paendoacaria. Locust Tree.
Rota rrrnreohiis. Rue.
SanjTuinaria Canadt^nMs. Blood Root.
Pcilla mnritima. Squill. Sea Onion.
Secale cnrnuium.. Erffot. Spiirreil Rye.
Sium InHfolium. Procumbent Water
Parsnep.
Spiselia Marilnndica. Pink Root.
Strychnos [irnnlii. St. Iinatiua's Bean.
Strychnos vur vomica. Nux von)ica.
Svmplorarpus/ffi^jrfd. Skunk Cabbage.
Ticunas Extract of various plants —
Snfith .America.
Tieute. Upns Tientl Tree of .Java.
Triticum ffyhertnim. Wheat (diseased.)
I'pas aii'iar. Tree in Java.
Veratriim album. While Hellebore.
Veratrum rinde. American Hellebore.
Wnorara. War Poison of fiuiana.
Zea mnys. Maize (diseased).
NARCOTIC.
.Acta>a apir.ata. Baneberry.
.Amyirdaliis cnmmi/nis. Bitter Almond.
Amvirdalus Pemira. Peach.
Oelsemiiiurn nitidum. Yellow Jessamine.
Helnnias erijthrespermn. Fly Poison.
Ilyoscyamus alhu.i. White Henbane.
Hvosryamiis niger. Black Henbane.
Kalmia Inlifolin. Mountain Ivy.
Lactuca virnsa. Strong-scented Lettuce.
Opium, and its proximate |)rinciples.
Papaver somviferum. Poppy.
! Paris qundnfolia. Herb Paris.
jPiunus Caroliiiiavn. Wild Orange.
I Pruniis linirocerafvs. Cherry Laurel.
1 Prunus nisrra. Black Cherry.
I Prunus padus. Cluster Cherry.
\ Prunus Virginiava. Wild Cherry.
Solanum dulcamara. Bitter-sweet.
Sorbus ncupnria. Mountain Ash.
Taxus baccala. Yew.
POISONOUS MUSHROOMS.
Agaricus rnvscaTins. Fly .\garic.
Agaricus piperntus. Pepper Agaric.
Asaricus necntor. Deadly Aiiaric.
.Agaricus bnlbosus. Bulbous Asaric.
Agaricus chantarellus. Chainpisnon.
The narcotic vegetable
poisons, if taken into the
stomach or applied to a
wound, occasion the follow-
ing effects :— stupor ; numb-
ness; heaviness in the head;
desire to vomit, slight at
first, but afterwards insup-
portable; a sort of intoxi-
cation, stupid air, pupil of
the eye dilated; furious or
lively delirium, sometimes
pain; convulsions of dif-
ferent parts of the body, or
palsy of the limbs. The
pulse is variable, but at
first generally strong and
full ; thehreathiiis is quick,
and there is great anxiety
and dejection, which, if not
;peediiy relieved, soon ends
in death.
A:
[1
Nausea, heat, and pain
in the stomach and bowels,
with vomitins and purging,
thirst; convulsions, and
faintinss; pulse small and
The stomach to be efT'ctually ev.nru-
ated. by giving four or five graiu.s of
tartar emetic, or from ten to Iwenly
of the sulphate of zinc, repeated eMryl
quarter of an hour, till the full effect is
produced. These means may be assisti'd
bv tickling the throat with a feather or
he finger. Large and strong glysters
of soap dissolved in water, or of salt
and gruel, should be speedily adminis-
tered, to clear the bowels, and assist in
cettiiig rid of the poison; aiul active
purgatives may be given after the vo-
niitiri'.' has ceased. When as nuich as
possible of the poison has been ex-
pelleil. the patient may drink, allei-
nately, a tea-cupful of strong hot infu-
sion of coffee and vinecar diluted with
water. If the drowsiness, which is
sometimes extreme, and the insensi-
bility bordering on apople.vy, be luit
remedied by these means blood may be
taken from the jugular vein, blisters
mav be applied to the neck and Ir.irs.
and the attention be roused by every
means possible. If the heat declines,
warmth and frictions must be perse
verinely used. Vegetable acids are on
no account (o bo given before the poi.
son is expelled, and it is desirable tluit
but little fluid of any kind should be
administered.
N. B. Bromine, chlorine, and iodine
are said to be antidotes to the alkaloids
generally
The stomach and bowels to be cle.ireil
by an emetic of tartarized antiuioiiy,
followed by frequent doses of Glauber's
or Epsom'salt, and larce. slimiilatin'.'
glysters. After the poison Ispvaciia'ed,
frequent ;'delirium ; dilated I ether may be administered, with snial |
roisoNS
■39
roisoNS
Poisons.
Symptoms.
Treatment.
pupil, and stupor; cold
sweats, and death.
I'oisonoiis mushrooms
may be distinguished from
theedihie by 1 heir botanical
characters, and by the fol-
l<)wiu!» criteria. The for-
mer grow in wet, shady
places, have a nauseous
odour ; are softer, more
open, and porous; have a
dirtylookin!,' surface, some-
times a gaudy colour, or
many very distinct hues,
particularly if they have
been coveted with an enve-
lope ; tliey have soft, bul-
bous stalks, grow rapidly,
and corrupt very quickly.
(luantities of brandy and water; but
if inflammatory symplums uianifesl
themselves, sik h stimuli shiiuld be
omitted, and other appropriate means
he had recourse to.
2.
ANIMAL POISONS.
Sympto.ms.
Treatment.
POISONOUS FISH.
Balistes monoceros. Old wife.
Cancer astacus. Crawfish.
Cancer ritrico/us. Land Crab.
Clupea thrijssa. Yellow- billed Sprat.
Coracimis/uscus major. Gray Snapper.
Coracinus vtinor. Hyne.
Cnrvpluena splende.ns. Dolphin.
Monnyra. Blue Parrot Fish.
Muriena major. Conger Eel.
Mvtilus ediilis. Mussel.
Ostraciono-/o6c//Mm. SnioothBottleFish.
I'erca major. Barracuda.
Perca venenosa. Grooper.
Perca venenata. Rock Fish.
I'hysalia. Portuguese Man of War.
Scomber cicruteus. Spanish Mackerel.
Scomber mar.imus. King Fish.
Scondier t/ujinius. Bonetta.
Spams clirysops. Porgeo.
Telrndon scclerntus. Tunny.
Ti'trodon ocetlatus. Blower.
In an hour or two, or
often in a much shorter
time, after the fisli has
been eaten, a weight at the
stomach comes on, with
slight vertigo and headache,
sense of heat about the
bead and eyes, considerable
thirst, and often an erup-
tion of the skin (urticaria),
and in many cases death.
An emetic should be speedily adminis-
tered, or, in the absence of it, vomiting
may be excited, by tickling the throat
with the finger, and takins larce
draughts of warm water. After full vo-
miting, an active purgative should be
given, to remove any of ihe noxious
matter that may have found its way
into the intestines. Vinecar and water
may be drunk after the above remedies
have operated, and the body may be
sponged with the same. Water, made
very sweet with sugar, to which ether
may be added, may be drunk freely as a
corrective, and a very weak solution of
alkali has been recommended to obviate
tlie effects of the poison. If spasm
en.sne ; after evacuations, laudanum, in
considerable doses, is necessary. If in-
flammal ion should occur, the usual means
of removing it must be employed.
POISONOUS SERPENTS.
Boa crolaloidcs. Copperhead.
Cencbris morkeson. Mockeson.
Cerastes nafUornis. Horned Viper of
Western Africa.
Coluber berus. Viper.
Coluber prestcr. Black Viper.
Orolalus, (.5 species ) Rattle Snake
Scyiale piscivorus. Water Viper.
A sharp pain in the
wounded part, which soon
extends over the limb or
body ; great swelling, at
first hard and pale, then
reddish, livid, and gangre-
nous in appearance; faint-
inss, vomitings, convul-
sions, and sometimes jauu
dice; pulse small, frequent,
and irregular; breathing
difficult, cold sweats, the
sisht fails, and the intel-
lectual faculties are de-
ranged. hiHammation.and
often extensive suppura-
tion and gangrene, followed
by death.
A cupping-glass to be applied over the
wound, or a moderately tight lieature
above the bites, and tlie wound left to
bleed after being well washed with warm
water; the actual cautery, lunar caustic,
or butter of antimony, to he then applied
freely to it, and afterwards covered with
lint, dipped in equal parts of olive oil and
spirit of hartshorn. Tlie lieature to be
removed if Ihe iiiflamiuation be consi-
derable. Warm, diliiliug drinks, and
small doses of ammonia or harisiiorn, to
cause perspiration ; the patient to be
well covered in bed, and a little warm wine
given occasionally. Ifganiirene be threat-
ened, wine may be given more freely, and
the bark should be had recourse lo. .Arse-
nic, the principal ingredient in Ihe Tan-
jore Pill, has been strongly recommended.
C.VNTHARIS VESICATORFA.
Spanish, or Blistering Fly.
Lylta vittala. Potato Fly.
Nauseous odour of the
breath; acrid taste; burn-
ing heal in the throat, sto-
mach, and abdomen ; fre-
quent vomitings, often
bloody, with copious bloody
stools; excriiciatins pain in
the stomach; painful and
obstinate priapism, with
heat in the bladder, and
strangury or retention of
urine; frishtful convul-
sions, delirium and death.
Vomiting to be excited by drinking
sweet oil. sugar and w'ater, milk, or lin-
seed tea, very freely. Emollient glys-
ters should he administered, and if
svniploms of inflammation of the sto-
mach, kidney, or bladder supervene,
they must be subdued by appropriate
treatment.
Camphor dissolved in oil may be
rubbed over the belly and the thighs.
VENOMOUS INSECTS
Tarrfntula.
Scorpio. Scorpion.
Vpspa i-raliro. Hornet.
Vespa rii/traris. Wasp.
Apis mellifica. Bee.
Culi'T pipirns. Gnat.
fEslrus bovis. Gad-fly
In ceneral. the sling of
these iiiscctsoccasious only
a slisht deijiee of pain and
swcllini; hut occasionally
the symptoms are more vio-
lent, and sickness and fever
are produced by the inten-
sity of the pain.
Hartshorn and oil may be rubbed on
the affi'cted part, and a piece of rag,
moistened in the same, or in salt and
water, may be kept upon it till tl!<' pain
is removed. A few drops of hartshorn
may be civen frequentlv in a little water,
ami a glass or two of wine may be taken.
The stins may, in general, be removed
bv making stronc pressure around it
with 111" barrel of n sim.tII v\atch-k< y.
POISON
740
roLiosis
SALIVA OF THE RABID DOG.
Symptoms.
At an uncertain interval
after the bile, (reiicrally,
however, bet wee n the
twentieth day and three or
four months, pain or unea-
siness occurs in llie hillen
part, thouirh the wound
may have been lonjr liealcd.
Anxiety, uneasiness, Ian-
puor, spasms, horror, dis-
turbed sleep, difficult respi-
ration succeed, and are
soon very much increased ;
violent convulsions affect
the whole body, hiileously
distorting the nniscles of
the face; the eyes are red
and protruded, the toniiue
swells and often hangs out,
and viscid saliva flows from
the mouth ; there is pain in
the stomach, with bilious
vomitings, a horror of fluids,
and impossibility of drink-
ins thnni. All the,se symp-
toms are accravated till Ilie
sufferer is relieved by death.
TitK.MMENT.
Hydrophobia is more easily preventori
llian cureil; indeed, it is d'liblr'd wlie-
tlicr it ever has been rurcfi. Merriiry,
arsenic, opium, musk, canipbnr. acids,
wine, vegetable and mineral nik.ili, oil. '
various herbs, and many oilnr reine- '
dies whose effccis are (piii(f oppohjie, I
have been etiiployed, but rnuie lan be I
relied on, Large blood-leitiiigs. the
warm and cobl bath, ami almost eveiy
other remedial agent, liave bee.i tried
without succe,=s
The bitten part sliould be completely
cut out, even after it lias healed, if the
symptoms have not yil conn' on; ilip
part should Ibi'Ti be immersed in warm
waler or he washed with it as long iis it
will bleed, and, after the most perse-
vering ablution, caustic shoulil be ap-
plied to every part of the surface, and
thi'ii the wound covered with a poullice.
and suffered to heal by graniilaiioii.
No milder discipline can ensure safety.
The tnnst energetic poisons are used therapeu-
tically, and often with considerable advantage.
They have, of course, to be administered in ex-
tremely small doses, to avoid producing poi-
soning.
Poison, Akrow, see Arrow poison — p. Berry
tree, Melia azedarach — p. Hemlock, Conium.
Poison, Italian, Liquor arseniciilis — p. Mor-
bid, Virus.
Poison Oak, Rhux to.xicodendron — p. Root,
Cicuta maculata.
Poisox, Sausage, Allantoto.xicum — p. Vege-
table, Upas.
Poison Vine, Rhus radicans.
POISONING, Veuefic"ium, Toxicn'tio, hitoxi-
ca'tio, Eutoxin'muH, Eiitoxicii'mim, Phnrmacei'n,
Malejic"inm, Veiieiia'liou, (F.) ErnpoiHonnemeut,
Intoxication. The art of applying a poisonous
substance to any of the textures in a dose capa-
ble of occasioning more or less serious symp-
toms. Rigorously speaking, therefore, if a phy-
sician, in treating any case, employs a deleterious
medicine in a .small dose, which, owing to parti-
cular circumstances, produces unpleasant symp-
toms, he may be said to have poisoned. The
term is, however, generally restricted to poison-
ing by design.
Poisoning has also been used, by a few, to de-
note the series of symptoms resembling those
produced by certain poisons, which occasionally
follow the use of substances that are generally
innoxious. Overloading the stomach with indi-
gestible food, has, for example, given occasion to
symptoms resembling those produced by a nar-
cotic poison, and the effect has been termed poi-
goning.
Secret poinoning was, at one time, practised as
an art. It consisted in administering medicines,
which should act as dow pninons. and gradually
undermine the strength and life. Its agency was
far from being so extensive as was imagined.
POrSONOUS, Tox'ical, Nox'ins, (F.) Toxiqne,
Veneneux. Having the qualities of a poison.
POISONS, ACRO-NARCOTIC, P. narcotieo-
acrid — p. Corrosive, P. acrid — p. Escharotic, P.
acrid — p. Irritating, P. acrid — p. Putrescent, P.
septic. See Poison.
POITRINAIRE, Phthisicus.
POTTRTNE, Thorax.
POIVUE D'EAU, Polygonum bydropiper —
p. de Gitinfe, Capsicum annuum — p. d' hide. Cap-
sicum annuuiu — p. de Janiaique, see Myrtus pi-
menta — p. Long, Piper longum — p. de Moiue,
Vitex — J). Noir, Piper nigrum — p. Petit, Vitex —
]). d Queue, Piper cubeba — p. Sunvugc, \'ilex.
POIX BLANCHE, see Pinus abies — /j. de
Bonrgogne, see Pinus abies — p. Granne, see Pinns
abies — p. Janne, see Pinns abies — p. Liqnide,
see Pinus sylvestris — p. Minemle, Pissa-'^jihaltum
— p. ilfinera/e scoriacSe, Asphaltum — p. Ntivule,
see Pinus sylvestris — p. Noire, see Pinus sylves-
tris.
POKE, Phytolacca decandra — p. Indian, Ve-
ratrnm viride — p. Stink, Dracontiuin fwliduin —
p. Weed, Phytolacca decandra, Veratrum viride.
POLANIS'IA GRA'VEOLENS, Clammy weed,
Stinkweed, Wormipeed, Clammy llnntard, Fahe
mustard, from ttoAus, ' many,' and avtcos, 'unequal,'
in reference to its stamens. An indigenous plant,
Ord. Capparidacea\ Sex. Syst. Dodecandria Mo-
nogynia, which blossoms in summer, and is found
in every part of North America. To the whole
plant have been ascribed anthelmintic properties.
POLAR PLANT, Silphium laciniatuin.
POLECAT AVEED, Dracontium foBtidiim.
POLEMO'NIUM REPTANS, Fahe Jacoh'n
Ladder, Greek Vide'rian, Siceat-root. Order,
Poletnnniaceae ; indigenous, flowering in May;
has been used as a diaphoretic and expectorant.
POLENTA, Alphiton.
POLES, Chalaza;.
POLEY MOUNTAIN, OF CANDY, Teucrium
Creticum — p. Mountain of Montpelier, Teucrium
capitatuin.
POLIA'TER, from jroAif, 'a town,' and larpof,
'a physician.' A physician exercising his pro-
fession in a town, by the appointment of the go-
vernment. — Castelli.
POLICE', MED'ICAL, PoUti'a med'icn, Poli-
tohiotherapi'a, Jfedici'na polit'ica, Ordo niedic"i-
na'lia, Pulit'ical med'ieine, (F.) Police medicale
ou sanitaire. Hygienic rules estahli.slicd, or
which ought to be established, for the jirevcntion
of disease, and to contribute to the progre.s,'! of
medicine. The salubrity of districts, especially
during the existence of spreading disease, is
greatly ensured by an efficient medical [loliee.
POLICLIN'ICA, from rroAif, 'a town,' and
K\nri, 'a bed.' Treatment of diseases in a town.
POLIO'SIS, Tricho'aia polio' bin, Spilo' tin poli-
rOLIOTES
741
POLYGALA
o'm's, Pol'iofes, Canit"!eH, from vomo^, 'hoary,
grHy.' Hair prematurely gray or hoary. The
Plate of becoming gray, yruy-haired, Poliot'ri-
chim-
POLIOTES, Poliosis.
POLIOTIUCIIOS. see Poliosis.
POMTIA MEDICA, Police, medical.
POIJTOBIOTilKRAPIA, Police, medical.
POLIUM CAPITATUM, Teucrium capitatum
— p. Cruticum, Teucrium Crcticum — p. Mouta-
miiii, Teucrium capitatum.
POLL, Head.
POLLEN, (L.) Pollen, PoUh, TvaXr,, 'dust.'
The t'ccuiidiiling dust contained in the anthers of
fliAvers, which is dispersed on the stif^uia. It is
cnnveyed to the ovary through the stigma by the
J'olten tube, Tubus jjollin'icus, (F.) Bui/au pol-
liHifjiie.
POLLEX, genitive Pol'lich, An'h'cheir, Prom',
amis, Diifitus primus seu viaguus, Alius jjollex,
Tliumh, (Prov.) Thame, Tom-toe, from pollere, 'to
liave much strength.' (F.) Pouce. The first of
tlie fingers in size and strength. It is asserted
that the term poltroon is derived from pol'liie
tniiicu'to; — the Romans who were desirous of
lioiiig exempted from military service being ac-
customed to cut off the thumb, and thus render
tlienisclves unfit to handle arms.
Por,LKX. see Digitus.
Poi.i.KX Pkiiis, Hclliis, Hallux. The great toe.
POLLINC'TOR, Po^/|-«c7fc, (L.) In antiquity,
an anointer, dresser, or embalmcr of the dead.
POLLINCTURA, Embalming.
POLLLS, Pollen.
POLLOCK, see Oleum jecoris aselli.
POLLOD'IC, Pollod'icus ; from noXvs, 'many,'
[ind 'o(5u{, 'away.' An epithet proposed by Dr.
Marshall Hall for a course of nervous action pro-
ceeding from one point, in many directions, to
every other.
POLLOM, LITTLE, Polygala paucifolia.
POLLU'TIOX, Pollu'tlo, from potluo, pollu-
tiim, 'to profane.' The excretion of the seminal
liquor or sperm, or the production or orgasm in
liiiiie or female, at other times than during coition.
When occasioned by a voluntary act, it is called
finiply Pollution or Masturbntion, (F.) Souillure ;
when excited during sleep, by lascivious dreams,
it takes the name Nocturnal pttlhition, Exoneiro'-
*'», Oiicirofi'inoe, Oneiroi/'onos, Onciro(/onorrh<f'n,
Exi>»eirn(j' in us, Spermatoclem'ma, Spermatoclep'-
«/«, Spcrinatolep'sis, Spermatolip'sis, Gonorrhoea
(lormien'tium seu oneiro(/'onos seu vera seu libirli-
vo'eii, Pro/hi'rium sem'inis, Spermatorrha''a, Pa-
yonir'ia salajc. Night pollution, (F.) Pollution in-
vuluiilaire.
POLLUTION INVOLONTAIRE, Pollution
— p. Nocturnal, Pollution — p. Self, Masturbation
— p. Voluntary, Masturbation.
POLONYCiriA, Polyonych'ia, from TroXuf,
'iuany,'and ovv^, ofv^of, 'a nail.' The condition
(if having supernumerary' nails, — a rare congeni-
tal monstrosity.
POLT-FOOT, see Kyllosis.
POLY, /'i'/)/", To>us, ' many, much, full.' Hence:
POLYACTIUM TRISTE, Pelargonium triste.
POLYvEMIA, Plethora.
POLY.F-MIC, Plethoric.
POLY,EMICUS, Plethoric.
POLYANILEMIA, Anwmia.
POL YANUKMIE, An»mia.
POLYANTH'ES TURERO'SA, Amarueachu.
Old. Liliacesv. The root is cut into slips and
laid ujion the bites of serpents Cy the Peruvian
Indians.
POLYBLEN'NIA, from pohj, and fiXcwa, 'mu-
cus.' Excessive secretion of mucus.
POLYBREPUIA, Pregnancy, complex.
POLY'CAIIP'^, from poll/, and A-nprof, 'fruit.'
A divi.-ion of cutaneous diseases of tlie family
Eczematosen, of Fuchs, including Psoriasis,
Lichen, Herpes, and Impetigo.
POIjY'C'ERAS, from polij, and xtpas, 'horn.'
A monstrous animal having many horns. — Gurlt.
POLYCHOL'IA, J'crichol'ia, Hiiperchol'ia,
from poly, and x"^'^' ' bile.' Superabundance of
bile ; such as is supposed to exist in bilious
fevers.
POLYCIIREST'US, from poly, and ^P'^'^m,
'useful.' Having many virtues. An ancient
name for certain medicines considered to be use-
ful in many diseases.
POLYCilRONIIlS, Chronic.
POLYCIIY'LIA, from poly, and x"^"^! 'juice.'
Poli/ihi/'iiila. Fulness of juices.
POL'YCHYMIA, Polychylia — p. Sanguinea,
Pleth(,ra.
POLYCLIN'ICA, from poly, and iT^ivr,, 'bed.'
Provideil with many beds; — as an hospital.
POLY'COR'IA, from po/y, and ko//);, 'the pu-
pil.' The state in which there is more than one
pupil. — Von Aininon.
POLYCRINOSES, see Profluvium.
POLYCYE'SIA, Polyrye'sis, from poly, and
KvrjiTii, 'pregnancy.' Frequent or quickly recur-
ring pregnancies: also, compound pregnancy.
POLYCYTH^VMIA, from poly, kvtos, 'a cell,'
and 'at/xa, 'blood.' A condition of the blood in
which there is an increase of the red corpuscles.
POLYDAC'TYLUS, Perisxodac'tylus, from
poly, and (^axruXos, 'a finger.' One who has a
supernumerary finger or fingers, or toes.
POLYDIP'SIA, from poly, and iiiv. 'thirst;'
Sitis morbo'sa seu iiiten'sa, Polypo'sia, Dipso'sia
arens, Exfessire thirst, (F.) Suif excessire. A
constant desire for drinking, with a sense of dry-
ness in the mouth and throat. It is mostly symp-
tomatic of fever, inflammation, dropsy, excessive
discharges, tfec, and is so much a part of diabetes,
that it has been called Polydipsia.
POLYG'ALA, from poly, and yn\a, 'milk ;' P.
vuhja'ris, Common Milkirort. Ord. Polygalacese.
Sex. Syst. Diadelphia Octandria. The leaves are
bitter, and are used in the same cases as the Poly-
gala amara.
Polygala Ama'ra, P. amarel'la seu vuhjn'ris,
Bitter Milkwort. A powerful bitter ; and. conse-
quently, tonic. Its reputed virtues are balsamic,
(lemulcent, and corroborant. The Polygala rit-
hel'la, or nitte> Polygala of the United States,
has the same virtues.
PoLVGALA Amarhlla, P. amara — p. Bitter,
see P. amara — p. Grandiflora, P. senega.
Polyg'alA Paiicifo'lia, Trivlisper'ma gran-
dlflo'ra. Dwarf Millcwort, Little Pollom, Ever-
green Snakeroot, (F.) Polygale naine, possesses
the same properties as P. Senega.
Polvg'ala Skn'ega. P. Viryinia'na seu gran-
di/lo'ra, Sen'eka, Mattlesnahe Milkwort, Senega
or Rattlesnake root, (F.) Polygale de Virginie ou
de Seneka. The bark is the active part of the
root. Senega (Ph. U. S.). Its taste is at first
acrid, and afterwards very hot and pungent. It
was once esteemed to be specific against the poi-
son of the rattlesnake and in pleurisy, pneumo-
nia, Ac, after the inflammatory action had been
got under. It has been given also in humoral
asthma, chronic rheumatism, dropsy, croup, amen-
orrhcea, Ac. According to Peschier, it contains
tiiree particular principles, Pidyg'altne or Sen'e-
gine, Jsol'nsine, and Polyg'alic Acid. Dose, gr.
:)0 to 40 of the powder.
Polygala Sh^RPKNTA'niA. A shrub of Caffra-
ria, the root of which is considered by the natives
as a sure antidote against the biles of venomous
serpents.
POLYGALACTIA
742
rOLYPODIUM
Poi.YGALA VirginIana, P. scncga — p. Vulga-
ris P. iiinara.
POLYGALACTIA, Polyga'lia, from poly, and
yoXtt, yaXaKToi, 'milk.' Superabundant secretion
of milk ; s;alactia.
POL ro ALE NAINE, Polygala paucifolia —
p. de Viripnie, Polygala Virginiana.
POLYGALIA. Polygalactia.
POLYGALINE, see Polygala senega.
POLYGONATUM, Convallaria polygonatum
— p. Anceps, Convallaria polygonatum — p. Cani-
culatum, Convallaria canaliculata — p. Latifolium,
Convallaria canaliculata — p. Multiflorum, Con-
vallaria multiflora — p. Pubescens, Convallaria
pubescens — p. Uniflorum, Convallaria polygona-
tum— p. Vulgare, Convallaria polygonatum.
POLYG'ONUM, P. aviciila're, from ]>o/i/, and
yovv, 'a knee or joint.' P. ceutino'diiim sou ercc'-
tum, Centiiio'dia, Centumno'din, Saiiynlnn'lis Cor-
rig"lo/a, Saiiguina'ria, Knotgrass, Knotweed,
Bindweed, Doorweed, (F. ) Itenouee, Trainasxe,
Ceiituiode. Ord. Polygonaceae. Sex. Syst. Oc-
tandria Trigynia. This grass is said to be a
feeble, astringent.
Polygonum Acre, P. hydropiper.
Polygonum Amphib'ium, P. cocctn'enm. Wafer
Persica'riu, of Europe and this country. The
roots have been used like sarsaparilla, especially
in diseases of the skin.
Polygonum Bistoh'ta, P. bisforfoi'den, Bisfor-
tn, Coliibri'iia, Ojfie"inol Bhtort, Great Bistort or
Snakeweed, {¥.) Bistorte, Conleiivrine, Serpentaire
rouge. The root is a powerful astringent and
tonic; and, as such, has been used in internal
hemorrhage, atonic diarrhoea, ague, <fee. Dose,
gr. XV to ^i.
Polygonum Bistohtoides, P. bistorta — p. Cen-
tinodium. P. aviculare.
Polygonum Coocinkum, P. amphibium.
Polygonum Divarica'tum ; Eastern BtieJc-
whent plant. The roots, reduced to a coarse meal,
are said to be much used as an article of diet by
the Siberians.
Polygonum Ehectum, P. aviculare.
Polygonum Fagop'yrum, Fai/ap' ynim, F.
esculent' u)n, Trit'icum Fagi'num, Buckwheat, (F.)
Sarrasin, Ble uoir. The grain of this plant con-
stitutes a principal article of food with the inha-
bitants of Russia, Germany, and Switzerland. It
is much used in the United States.
Polygonum Hydrop'iper, /'. acre seu liydro-
piperoidcs (Pursh) seu puncta'tuni, Hydroji'iper,
Persiea'ria iirens, Mercn'rius terres'tris. Poor
Iran's Pepper, Biting Arse-smart, Smartioeed,
Lakeieeed, Water-pepper, (F.) Poivre d'eau, Per-
aicaire pioicree ou hr&lante on acre, Piment d'eau,
Cnrage, Itenouee acre. The leaves of this plant
have an acrid, burning taste, and resemble those
of the arum. They have been recommended as
possessing antiseptic, aperient, and diuretic vir-
tues. The fresh leaves have been applied exter-
nally as a stimulating cataplasm.
Polygonum HYDROPiPEROiDES, P. Hydropiper,
P. punctatutn. Polygonum hydropiperoides of
Michaux, mild waterjjiper ; indigenous; has no
acrid properties.
Polygonum Perstca'rta, Persicaria, P. minor
Bexi mitis, Plumha'go, Lady's Thumb, Heart's ease,
(Prov.) Redshanks, (F.) Persicaire donee. This
plant is said to possess vulnerary and antiseptic
qualities. It has been given in wine to arrest
gangrene.
Polygonum Puncta'tum, P. hydropipero'i'des.
Water pepper of America, Smartweed, possesses
similar properties to Polysjonuin hydropiper, and
is occasionally used internally in gravel, and ex-
ternally in chronic ulcers. A fluidrachm of the
saturated tincture has been extolled in amenor-
rhoea. See Polygonum hydropiper.
Polyg'onum Virginia'nUM, Wand-spil-ed Per-
siea'ria, Virgin' in Bistort ; indigenous; is astrin-
gent, diuretic, and tonic.
POLYGROMA, Staphyloma.
POLYHI'DRIA, PotyVdria, Polyidro'sis, from
pol>i, and 'li/iwf, 'sweat.' Excessive sweating.
POLYIIYDKIA, Hvdrops.
POLYIIYPERlIyEMIA, Plethora.
POLYIDRIA, Polyhidria.
POLYIDROSIS, Polyhidria.
POLYLYiMPIlIA, Anasarca.
POLYMASTII'US, Plciomas'lhns, from poly,
and fjaaSof, 'breast.' A monster having scvcnil
breasts. — Gurlt. The condition has been called
Pohjinn'zia, Pleioma'zia, and Pleoma'ziu.
POLYMAZIA, see Polymasthiis.
POLYMEL'IAN, (F.) Polymelien, from poly,
and /utXos. 'a limb.' An epithet given to monsters
characterized by the insertion, in a well formed
subject, of one or more accessory limbs, accoin-
panied, at times, by the rudiments of certain
other parts. — I. G. St. llilaire.
POLYMERIA, Polymerismus — p. Promiscua
translativa. Transposition of the viscera.
POLYMERIS'MUS, Polymeria, from poly,
and iiepoi, 'apart.' A monstrosity, which con-
sists in the existence of supernumerary orguTis;
as a sixth finger of the hand.
POLYNEIIRON, Plantago.
POLYONYCIIIA, Polonychia.
POLYOP'SIA, Pol'yopy. from poly, and 01/ if,
'sight.' Vision is so called, when multiple or
manifold.
POLYOPY', Polyopsia.
POLY'OREX'IA, from poly, and o/jt^ij. 'appe-
tite.' Excessive appetite or hunger. A genus
in the Gastroses of M. Alibert.
POLY'PE'RIA, from poly, and Titipof, 'muti-
lated.' Congenital misconstruction of various
parts or organs. — Good.
POLYPIIA'GIA, Multivoran'lia, from 2'"'.'/>
and (jiayd), 'I eat.' Voracity. Faculty of eat-
ing or subsisting on many kinds of food. See
Boulimia.
POLYPH'AGOUS, Polyph'agus, Multiv'orous,
(F.) Polyphage. Relating or appertaining to
polyphagia.
POLYPIIARMACI'A, Polypharm'acy ; from
poly, and ipupfjiaKov, 'a medicine.' Tiie |)rescTil)-
ing of too many medicines. A prescription, con-
sisting of a number of medicines ; hence the name
Polyphar'macus, (F.) Polyphurmaque, given to
one who is in the habit of prescribing a number
of medicines, and whose prescriptions are loaded
with ingredients.' The term is taken in bad
part.
POLYPHARMAQUE, see Polypharmacia.
POLYPHYSIA, Flatulence.
POLYPIFORM CONCRETIONS, see Polypus.
POLY'PIONIA, see Polysarcia — p. Infantum,
see Polysarcia.
POLYPIOSIS, see Polysarcia.
POLYPLAS'TIC, Polyplas'ticus, from poly,
and TrXaaabi, ' I form.' That which has many
shapes.
PoLYPLASTic Element, in histology, is one
which does not retain its primary shape : but un-
dergoes transformation into others. — (ierber.
POLYPODPTES. Wine impregnated with
polypody.
POLY'PO'DTUM, p. Vulga're seu Virginia'-
num seu pinnati/'idum, Filic'ula dulcis, C'oiiinion
Polypody, Fern root, Rock Brake, Brake root,
(F.) Foiigire douce. Ord. Filices. From ;)"/'/,
and Touj, TTo&oi, 'a foot,' owing to its many roots.
This fern grows in the clefts of rocks, walls, kc,
I in both hemispheres. It was formerly regarded aa
POLYPODY
743 POLYSTOMA PINGUICOLA
a cholagogue, and was given in head diseases. It
is not used now.
PoLYPODiDM Adiantiforme, See Calagualae
radix — ]). Ammifolium, see Calagualae radix
— |). Argenteuui, see Calagualse radix — p. Ceta-
rfficinum, P. incanuin — p. Calaguala, Calagualae
radix — p. Coriaceum, see Calagualic radix— p.
Dentatum, Aspleniuni filix foouiina — p. Filix
foeiiiina, Asplenium filix fa-inina.
PoLYPo^DiuM Filix Mas, Axpid'ium sexiAthyr'.
{mil seu Nephru'dium seu Poh/H'tlcum Filix Mus,
A. dcpai'tum seu ero'tmni, Filix pinna'tn, Ptciis,
JHechiioii, Polyn-hi'zon, lilancnim Oriba'nii, Lon-
chi'tin, Fi/ic'iitii, Filix Man, F. non ramo'sa den-
ta'la, Nephro'diitm crenatiini, PohjH'ficum callip'-
teris, Male Polypody or Feni, (F.) Foiii/ere male.
The rhizoma of this plant, Filix Ifas, Ph. U. S.,
has heen much extolled as an anthelmintic, and
in cases of" ta>nia. It was the basis of a once
celebrated remtidy—llctdn/iie Noiiffer's — but, per-
haps, more of the efficacy was to be attributed to
the active purgatives by which it was followed
than to the fern. Dose, ^ij to 3;iij of the pow-
dered solid part of the root ; followed in the morn-
ing by a strong cathartic of camboge or jalap.
All ethereal extract has been proposed by Dr.
Pesehier, of Geneva.
Polypo'diom Inca'num, P. cetarce' cinnm,
Acron'ticliiim polypodioidea, Pol' ypody, Pock
lirake : indigenous; has been considered demul-
cent, cathartic and anthelmintic.
Pot.YPODiUM Incisum, Asplenium filix foemina
—p. Molle, Asplenium filix foemina — p. Pennati-
fidum, P. vulgaro — p. Politum, see Calagualae
radix — p. Trifidum, Asplenium filix foemina — p.
Virginianum, P. vulgare — p. Vulgare, Polypo-
dium.
POLYPODY, Polypodium incanum — p. Com-
mon, Polypodium vulgare — p. Male, Polypodium
filix mas.
POL'YPOID, Polypo'i'des ; from polypus, and
uhoi, ' form.' Having the shape of, or resembling,
a polypus.
POLYPORUS IGNIARIUS, Boletus igniarius
— p. Officinalis, Boletus laricis.
POLlPO'bIA, jro^vnooia, from poly, and r-oai?,
'drink.' Great thirst — desire for drink. Poly-
dipsia.
POL'YPOTOxME, Polypot'omiw, Polypus Jcni/e,
froui polypus, und TCfivetv, 'to cut.' An instru-
ment for the removal of polypus by excision.
POL'YPOUS, Polypo'siia: same etymon as the
next. Relating, or belonging to, or resembling
polypus.
POL'YPUS, Pseudonietamorpho'sis polypo'sa,
from no\vi, 'many,' and irovs, voioi, 'afoot.' A
name given to tumours, which occur in mucous
membranes especially ; and which have been com-
pared to certain zoophytes. Polypi may form on
every mucous membrane. They are most com-
monly observed in the nasal fossa), pharynx, and
uterus; more rarely in the stomach, intestines,
l>ronchial tubes, bladder, and meatus auditorius
externus. They vary much in size, number,
mode of adhesion, and intimate nature. Accord-
ingly, they have received various appellations;
wiieoiio, si>/t, vesic'ulai; when their substance has
been soft, spongy, vesicular, and, as it were, gorged
with fluid. Others have heen called Jiard ; and
these have been distinguished into fibrous or
fieuliy, and into Kcirrhous or cancerous. Fibrous
polypi, Pol'ypi fihro'si, /iiopol'ypi, are of a dense,
compact texture, and whitish colour. They con-
tain few vessels, and do not degenerate into can-
cer. The scirrhous or cnrciiioiii'titoiis are true
cancerous tumours, painful and bleeding. They
present all the patli(dogical changes which belong
to cancerous affections, and the prognosis is of
course unfavourable.
The mode of treating polypi must differ ac-
cording to their character. The means used to
destroy them have been, \. To subject them to
the action of certain astringent powders or solu-
tions, to obtain their resolution. 2. Cauterization
or the application of the actual cautery or caus-
tics. .3. Excision or ablation with a cutting in-
strument. A. Extirpation with the fingers or with
the polypus forceps. 5. A liijature, put round
them so as to prevent their nutrition. A setun
has, also, been sometimes used to gradwilly de-
stroy the pedicle.
The term Polypi, Psendopol'ypi, Cai-di'fis po-
lypo'sa, Pol'ypifonn Concre'tions, {¥.) Concretions
polypeuses ou polypiforrnes ou sanr/uines du Cceur,
HeinocurdioplaKties, (Piorry,) has likewise been
applied to collections of blood — fibrinous concre-
tions— found in the heart or great vessels after
dissolution. These were once, erroneously, re-
garded as morbid. The presence of these con-
cretions maybe suspected, when in the course of
an acute or chronic affection of the heart, or at
the close of chronic diseases in general — especially
those of the lungs — the heart's action beconus
suddenly tumultuous, obscure, and accompanied
with a soft bellows' murmur, whilst the general
symptoms indicate theeS'ects of obstructed circu-
lation. The right cavities are most frequently
affected.
Pol'ypus Bro^icri A'LlR,Bronchlemnii'tis,Bron.
chi'tis membrana'cea seu exsudati'va seu cronpo'.
sa, B. plastic, Bronchial Croup, Chronic Croup [?],
Pseudo-mem' branous Bronchitis, (F.) Bronchite
pseudo-nicmbraneuse. A menibraniform secretion
in the bronchial tubes of a diphtheritic character,
having the shape, when unexpectorated, of the
bronchia. It is the result of inflammation of the
lining membrane of those tubes.
Polypus Carnosus, Sarcoma — p. Fibrosus, see
Polypus — p. Uteri, Metropolvpus.
POLYRRIIIZON, Polvpodium filix mas.
POLYURlIffiA, Pr.,fluvium.
POLYSAK'CIA, Polysarco'sis, from poh/, and
aap^, aapKOi, 'flesh.' Carnos'itas, Polysoina'tia,
Adelipa'ria, Corpulen'tia, Sleati'tes. Excessive
corpulency. Authors have distinguished two
varieties of this: — PoLYSAnciA Cauno'sa, Cor'-
pulency, and P. AniPo'sA, Polypio'nia, Polypio'-
sis, Piinelu'sis nim'ia, Pachys'nins, Pachyn'sis,
Obes'itas, Hyperpim'ele, Lipa'rici, Adipo'sis,
Polysnr'cia fagiuo'sa, Evipyme'lium polysar'-
cia, Bnryso'mia, Barysoiual'ica, Lipo'sis, Li-
par'otes, Lipas'ma, J'in(/nitu'do, J'iu'yuitudc,
Obes'ity, (F.) Obenite, Embonpoint excessif. A
severe regimen and exercise are the best preven-
tives. Children are occasionally met with of
unusual fatness, in spite of every care. This
morbid disposition has been termed Polypio'nia
infan'tiim, and Chloro'sis gic/ante'a.
PoLYSAiU'iA ViscERUM, Physconia adiposa.
POLYSARCOSIS, Polysarcia.
POLYSCEL'IA, from poly, and o/ftAoj, 'a leg.'
A monstrosity, characterized by the presence of
one or more supernumerary legs.
POLYSIA'LIA, from poly, and aiaXov, 'saliva.'
Excessive discharge of saliva.
POLYSOMATIA, Polysarcia.
POLYSO'MIA, from poly, and <n,>ixa, 'bodv.'
A monstrosity characterized by the existence of
more bodies than one.
POLYSPAS'TON, from poly, and ff/rau, 'I
draw.' A powerful instrument for reducing luxa-
tions. — Gorra?u?.
POLYSPEll'MIA, from poly, and cTripfxa,
'sperm.' Richness or fulness of sperm.
POLYSTICUM CALLIPTERI.^:, P,.lypodium
filix mas— p. Filix Mas, Polvpodium fili.x mas.
POLYSTOMA PINGUICOLA, see Worms —
p. Yenarum, see Worms.
POLYTRIC
744
rOPLITEAD
POLYTRIC, Aspleniuin trichomanoides.
POLYTRICHIA, see Polytrichus.
POLYT'RICIIUM, rrampoly, and 5pif, rpi^of.
'hair,' P. vnlga're, Polijt' ricon, Adiaii'tiim nn'-
reum, Gdldeii M<(iden-liair, (F.) Perce-mousse.
Ord. Miisci. It is possessed of astringent pro-
perties, and was formerly given in diseases of the
lungs, and in calculous affections.
PoLYTRicuuM Commune, Asplenium tricho-
manoides.
PoLYTUicHUM Juniperi'num, Haircap mom,
Robbin's Rye, common in New England, is said
to possess powerful diuretic properties.
POLYT'RICHUS; same etymon as Poli/tri-
ehuin. Very hairy. One that has much hair.
The condition is termQii Pulytrich'ia } although
tills term is, at times, employed for the growth
of hair on parts not usually having it.
POLYTHOPiriA, from poly, and rpcipui, 'I
nourish.' Abundant or excessive nutrition.
POLYURKSIS, Diabetes.
POLYURIA, Diabetes.
POLYU'RICUS, from poly, and ovpov, 'urine.'
Sauvages calls — hchu'ria polyu'rica — a kind of
ischuria, caused by accumulation of urine in the
bladder.
POM A, Drink — p. Chinensia, see Citrus au-
rantium.
POMACEUM, Cider.
POMA'TUM, Pomma' turn, from poma, 'apples,'
which formerly entered into its composition. (F.)
J'nmmnde, Li'paro/e, Stearole. A pharmaceutical
preparation, employed only externally, which dif-
fers but little from an ointment, except in having
generally less consistence. It is usually scented
and coloured to render it more agreeable. Apples
formerly entered into the composition of the po-
tiiatiim ; hence its name.
Common Pomntnm is made of lard, 121bs; stiet,
41bs ; esxoice, ^vu}.
Pomatum ad Labia Demulcenda. Cerate for
the lips — p. Epispasticum flavum, Unguentura
lyttse raedicatum aliud — p. Epispasticum viride,
Ac, Unguentura lyttae medicatum — p. for the
Lips, Cerate for the lips — p. Nitricura seu oxyge-
natum, Unguentum acidi nitrosi — p. Saturni,
Unguentum plumbi superacetatis.
POMBALEA IPECACUANHA, see Ipecacu-
anha.
POMEGRANATE, Punica granatum.
POMILIUS. see Nanus.
POMMADE, Pomatum — p. d'Alyon, Unguen-
tum acidi nitrosi — p. Antipsorique de Jasser, Un-
guentum sulphuris corapositum — p. d' Autenrieth,
I^nguentum antimnnii tartarizati — p. de Cyrillo,
Unguentum rauriatis hydrargyri oxygcnato me-
dicatum— p. Epinpnsttque junne, Unguentum
lyttae medicatum aliud — p. Epispastique verte,
Unguentum lyttae raedicatum — p. de Garou, Un-
guentum epispasticum de daphne gnidio.
POMMADE DE GONDRET, P. ammoniacale
de Gondret (F.), Goiidret's Coiinlerirrltaiit, Gon-
dret'a ammoniacul Caustic. [Liq. amnion, p. ij ;
Sevi, p. j ; 01. amyfjdal. p. j ; M.) Used to excite
a speedy revulsion in cases of chronic affections
of the brain, incipient cataract, amaurosis, <tc., as
well as to cauterize the integuments deeply.
The above formula, is that of the French Co-
dex, but, according to M. Trousseau, it is much
tno hard for use, unless the weather is warm,
lie proposes tioo formnlcB, one for summer, the
other for winter. In the/«»v»«?r he directs three
parts of lard, one of suet, and four of liquor am-
monia ; in the latter, equal parts of lard and
liquor ammoniip. ^
POMMADE POUR LES LEVRES, Cerate
for thelips — p. Ophthalmique (Regent's.) Unguen-
tum ophthalmicum — p. Oxy<jenee, Unguentum
acidi nitrosi — p. Stibife, Unguentum antinionii
£artariz;iti.
POMME, see Pyrus raalus — p. d'Adam, Po-
mum Adami — ]>. d' Amour, Solanum lycoipcrsicum
— p. £/>ineune. Datura stramonium — p. dc Mcr-
vcille, Momordica balsamica — p. Mounn(uiie, Be-
degar — p. de Terre, Solanum tuberosum.
POMMES HEMORRHOiDALES, see Vis-
cum album.
POMMETTE, see MaliB os,
POMMIER, Pyrus malus.
POMPE POUR L'ESTOMAC, Stomach
pump.
P 0 M P 11 0 L Y G E ' R 0 N, roji4,o\vyvpov, from
rtou(j)o\vyo(i>, 'to raise blisters.' The name of a
plaster employed by the ancients. — Castelli.
POMPH'OLYX,"from 7ro//,/,os, 'a bladder.' A
small vesicle on the skin. An eruption of bitll(B
or blebs, appearing without any inflammation
around them, and without fever. It is the ^c-
phlysia Pompholyx of Good. See Pemphigus.
PoMPHOi.YX, Tutia, Zinci oxydum.
POMPHUS, Wheal.
POMPION, Cnourbita pepo.
POMUM ADA'MI, Emiueu'tia thyreoidea, (F.)
Pomme d'Adam, Adam's Apple. The projection
formed by the thyroid cartilage in the neck — of
males particularlj'. It is so called from a notion
that it was caused by the apple sticking in the
throat of our first parent.
PoMUM AMOUis.Testicl'e — p. Hierosolymitanum,
Momordica balsamina — p. Melongena, see Sola-
num melongena — p. Mirabile, Momordica Bal-
samina— p. Spinosum, Datura stramonium.
PONCTION. Puncturing.
POND SHOVEL, Unisema deltifolia.
PONDERA ET MENSURiE, Weights and
measures.
PONDUS, Pudibilia — p. Pharmaceuticum, see
Weights and measures.
P'ONGITIF, Pungent.
PONS CEREBELLI, Pons Varolii — p. He-
patis, see Lobulus anonymus — p. Sylvii, Quad-
rigemina Tubercula — p. Tarini, Tarini pons.
Pons Varo'lii, P. Cerehel'li, Corpus ainiuln're,
Proces'sus annularis, Prominen'tia aniinhi'ris
cer'ebri, Eminen'tia annularis, Nodus euccph'ali
seu Cer'ebri, Protuberan'tia basila'ris. Protnher-
an'tiaanntila'ris WiUis'ii, Varn'li's bridtje, Cer'e-
bral protti'berance, {¥.) Protuberance cerehriile ou
anuulaire, Mesenc^phale, Misoeepliale, Pout de
Varole, Annular protuberance. An eminence at
the upper part of the medulla oblongatii. first ilc-
scribed by Varolius. It is formed by the union
of the crura cerebri and crura cerebelli.
Pons Zygomaticus, Zygomatic arch.
PONT DE TARIN,'Ta.rm\ pons— ;j. de Ya-
role. Pons Varolii.
PONTE, see Parturition — p. Periodique, see
Parturition.
PONTEDERIA CORD ATA, Unisema deltifolia.
PONTICUM ABSINTHIUM, Artemisia Pon-
tica.
POOK, Abdomen.
POPLAR, AMERICAN, Liriodendron— p.
Balm of Gilead, Populus Candicans — p. Black,
Populus — p. Tree, Liriodendron — p. Tulip-bear-
ing. Liriodendron.
POPLES, Gare'tiim, Garretum, Ignys, hfnye,
Su/fra'qn, Fossa qenu. Fossa poptitfF.'a, the Ham,
Hou<jh', Hoff, Hod; (F.) Jarret, from post, and
plico, 'I fold.' The posterior part of the knee
joint. The ham forms what is called the pop-
liteal reqion or space.
POPLESY, Apoplexy.
POPLITyEUS, Popliteal muscle.
POPLITE, PoplitiTus muscle.
POPLITEAD, sec Popliteal aspect
rOPLITIC
7 45
rORPIIYRY
PoPLITE'aL, PoplitcB'uf, Poplit'ic, (F.) Poplite,
from piipUs, ' the hum.' That which relates to
the ham. A name given to various parts.
Popliteal Artkky — Puplite.ul portion of the
crural, — (Ch.), is really a continuation of the
femoral, which changes its name on passing
tlirough the adductor magnus muscle. It de-
scends a little obliquely outwards into the hollow
of the ham, and extends from the commencement
of the lower third of the thigh to the end of the
upper quarter of the leg, where it terminates by
dividing into the posterior tibitil and peroneal
arteries. In the ham, it gives off the three nupe-
rior iirllcular arteries ; and, at the top of the leg,
the arteries of the gemini muscles or gemiui
branches, (F.) braiichen Jiimelles, the two inferior
articular arteries, and the tibialis anticn,
Poi'HTKAL AsPKCT. An aspect towards the
gide on which the poples or ham is situated.
(Biirclay.) Pxplite'ad is used by the same writer
ndverbially, and signifies ' towards the popliteal
aspect.'
Popliteal Fossa, Poples.
Poplite'al Glands, Glan'chda poplitce'ts.
Lymphatic glands, four in number, seated in the
[)()j)liteal region or space.
Popliteal Mvi^clk, Poplltfn'us Ifnscle, Subpop-
lilfBiis, (F. ) Muscle poplite, Muscle Jarretier, Fe-
tiioro-popliti-fibial, (Ch.), is seated in the pop-
liteal region. It is triangular, long, flat; ,and is
iiiHerted, on the one hand, by means of a strong
tendiin, into the tuberosity at the outer condyle
of the femur, terminating below at the upper part
of the posterior surface of the tibia. This muscle
bends the leg on the thigh, and, reciprocally, the
iliigh on the leg. When the leg is bent, it causes
it to turn, in rotation, inwards.
Popliteal Nerves. They result from the
bifurcation of the sciatic, and are two in number,
viz. 1. The external popliteal, Peroneal nerve,
Jlniuchc peroniere, (Ch.) It is smaller than the
internal : turns to the outside of the fibula at the
upper part of the leg, and divides into the tnus-
cnln-cntaneous branch, nerf pretibio-digital, (Ch.)
nnd the anterior tibial, nerf prelibio-snuphalanije-
talre, (Cli.) 2. The inter'nal poplite'al nerve,
/tranche tibiale (Ch.), which is larger than the
other, and seems to be the real continuation of
tiie sciatic nerve. It descends vertically into the
hollow of the ham ; and passes beneath the apo-
neurotic arch of the Solaris muscle, beyond which
it takes the name tibial nerve. It furnishes
the e.vternal saphena nerve, and a number of
brunches, that are distributed to the posterior
.muscles of the leg. It then passes to the sole of
the foot to be divided into two branches, called
Plantar nerves.
Popliteal Regiox, Poples — p. Space, Poples.
Popliteal Vein has the same arrangement as
the artery behind which it is situate.
POPLITIC, Popliteal.
POPONAX, see Pnstinaca opoponax.
POPPV, CELANDINE, Stylophorum diphyl-
luin — p. Corn, red, Papaver rhocas.
Poppy Heads, see Papaver.
Poppy, Horn, Stylophorum diphyllum.
Poppy JncE, Meconium — p. Pill, Opium.
Poppy, PuiCKi.y, Argeinone IMoxicana — p.
Ppotiinir, Cucurbaius Bohen — p. Thorn, Arge-
inone Mexicajia — p. White, Papaver — p. White,
capsule, see Papaver.
POP'ULUS, P. nif/ra, ^ijci'ros, Achero'is,
Ptaek poplar, (F.) Penplier, P. noir o\x franc.
The young hnds, ocnli or rudiments of the leaves,
vhich appear in the beginning of spring, were
formerly used in an ofliciniil ointment — the nn-
ynen'tnm popnle'nm. It was, also, reeommended
in chronic affections of the lungs.
The bark of Pop'ulut Tremuloi'des, American
aspen, of P. Trem'ula seu pen'dnln, European
a«/>«'//,and of PoPULUS Can'dicans, Balm of G Head
Poplar, is antiperiodic, and furnishes salicin and
pojinlin, in which the properties probably reside.
PopuLUS Balsamipera, see Fagaraoctandra —
p. Candicans, see Populus — p. Pendula, P. tremula
— p. Tacamahaca, see Fagara octandra — p. Tre-
mula, see Populus — p. Tremuloides, see Populus.
PORCELAINE. Essera, Urticaria.
PORCELET, Hyoscyamus.
PORCELIA TRILOBA, see Carica papaya.
PORCELLIO, Oniscus.
PORCELLIIS, Oniscus.
PORCULUS, Oniscus.
PORCUPINE DISEASE, Ichthyosis.
Porcupine Men, Echinoder'mi. Persons have
been so called in whom the cuticle is produced in
the form of pointed prolongations, as if it had
been moulded on the papillae, like the shorter and
blunter quills of the porcupine.
PORCUS, Vulva.
PORDE, Crepitation.
PORE, Porus, In'terstice, nopof, 'a passage.'
Anatomists have given this name to the openings
at the extremities of vessels at the surface of dif-
ferent membranes. Exhalant Pores have been
supposed to exist in the exhalants, to transmit
the fluids exhaled. — Absorbent Pores are em-
ployed in taking up parts that have to enter the
circulation. Pores exist in the cuticle ; yet Hum-
boldt, with a powerful magnifying-glass, was un-
able to observe them. The pores of the skin
have also been called spira'cula.
POREBLIND, Myopic.
PORED MILK. Colostrum.
PORI BILIA'RII,/3(((^(« bilia'rii seu bilif'eri,
Canalic'uli bilif'eri, Snr'culi fell'ei. Ducts which
receive the bile from the penicilli of the liver, and
convey it to the hepatic duct.
PoRl Cuta'nei, p. E.rhalan'tes seu Sndorif'eri
seu Resorben'tes, Mea'tus cuticula'res. The pores
of the skin.
PoRi ExHALANTES, P. cutanci — p. Pulmonum,
Cellules, bronchic — -p. Resorbeutes, P. cutanei —
p. Sudoriferi, P. cutanci.
POR'SOG'RAVUY, Pornof/raph'ia /fromiropvn,
' a prostitute,' and yptiipij), ' I descrilie.' A descrip-
tion of prostitutes or of prostitution, as a matter
of public hygiene.
POROCE'LE, from irupof, ' callus,' and KriXn,
'a tumour.' A hard tumour of the testicle or its
envelopes.
POROMA, Induration.
POROMPIIALOCELE, Poromphalon.
POROM'PHALON, Poromph'alus, Porompha-
loce'le, from zwpoi, ' hard,' and ofi(paXos, ' the
navel.' Umbilical hernia with hard and thick-
ened parietes.
POROS, Canal.
POROSIS, Chalaza, Induration.
POROT'IC, Porot'icns, (F.) Porotiqne, from
TTojpos, ' callus.' A remedy believed to be capable
of assisting the formation of callus.
PORPHYRA, Purpura — p. Graecorum, Pe-
techia— p. IIjBiuorrhagica, Purpura haemorrha-
gica — p. Laciniata, Ulva umbilicalis-— p. Umbili-
calis, Ulva umbilicalis.
PORPHYRISMA, Scarlatina.
PORPHYRISMUS, Scarlatina.
PORPHYRIZATION, Levigation.
PORPHYROTYPIIUS, see Typhus.
POR PHYRU'RIA, Porphi/u'rin ; from 7ro/)</.i./)a,
'purple,' and ovpov, ' urine.' A state of the urine
— pnr'pnric urine — in which it deposits the re-
markable colouring matter — Pnr'purine, L'rro'-
sacine, Rosac'ic acid, Uroer'ythrin, Uro'rhodine,
Ur'rhodine — in association with urate of am-
monia.
POR'PIIYRY, Porjjht/ri'tes, from jtupfvpaf
rORPnYURIA
46
PORTA
'purple' A species of very hard, compouml
rnok, susceptible of considerable polish, and used
in the fabrication of mortars and slabs for the
apothecar}'.
PoKpnvRy, Black, Ophites.
PORPHVURIA, Porphyruria.
J' OR RACE. Porraceous.
. PORRA'CEOUS, Porra'ceus, Pi-a'sinua, from
jiDn-um, 'a leek.' (F.) Porrace. Having the
j;reen colour of the leek. An epithet given to
iiTt.iin excreted matters, — the sputa, bile and
foLces particularly.
rORREAU, Allium porrum.
PORRECTUM, Lever.
PORRBT, Allium porrum.
PORRIDGE. ATIIOL. see Mahogany.
PORRfGfyE, Porrigo favosa.
PORRIGINEUX, Porriginous.
PORRIGIXOSUS, Porriginous.
PORRIG'TNOUS, Porriyhw'sus, (F.) Porri-
gineiix. Appertaining to porrigo.
PORRI'GO (L.), 'scurf or scall in the head.'
Tiii'en, Faviin, Far/ura'tio, Fur'fures, Ecpye'sis
sen Ph!yni8 porvii/o, Trickono'nh, Scnlled head
in general, Scallard ; from porrigere, ' to spread.'
(F.) Teiyiie, Rnche. Some of the varieties are
contagious. It is principally characterized by an
eruption of the pustules, called favi and achores,
unaccompanied by fever.
PoRRiGO Co-NFERTA, P. scutulata.
PoitlUGO Dkcal'vans, Tricho'ais a'rea. Area,
Alope'cia area'ta seu partia'Us seu circumscrip'ta,
P/ii/toalope'cin, Triclioiio'si's fnrfnra'cea, Tyr'ia,
Tyro' ma, Ophl'nsis, Tiii'ea tondens, Herpenn ton-
Kii' rails, Sqnarra tondeiin. Limited or partial liald-
iienK, consists of patches of baldness without
(lec:iy or change of colour in the surrounding
liair, the exposed parts of the scalp being glab-
rous, white, .and shining. The morbid condition
sometimes spreads, so that the patches coalesce,
rendering the baldness extensive. To a vege-
table growth, found at the roots of the hair
in Tinea tondens, Gruby gives the name ifinros'-
piiraii Audoiii'ni. It is, also, called Tricoph'yton
seu Trichom'yces tonmi' raiis. The treatment con-
sists in keeping the scalp cleared by constant
shaving, and in the steady application of some
stimulating liniment or ointment.
PoRUlGO Favo'sa, Ce'rioH, FaVHS, Ecpye'sis
porrigo favona. Tinea favosa, Sca'bies cap'itin
favona, Melice'ra. Melice'rnm, Melice'ria, Mel-
lifa'vium, Porric/npJi'yta, Honey-comb Srall or
Tetter, (F.) Teigne faveiise, Porriijine. This Con-
sists in an eruption of pustules common to the
head, trunk, and extremities, pea-sized, flattened
at the top, in clusters, often uniting; discharge,
fetid; scabs, honey-combed; the cells filled with
fluid. It occurs both in early and adult life.
Modern researches have satisfied some observers,
that the crusts of favus are of vegetable nature,
and formed of a parasitic plant, belonging, ac-
cording to Gruby, to the obsolete genus inyco-
derm'a. MM. J. Miiller and Lebert refer it to
the genus O'idium, and call it O'id'inm Sch'dnlei'ni,
■whilst Remak assigns it to a new genus under the
name Aehorion Schon/einii, The point is not,
however, settled. The treatment of this variety
must consist in the exhibition of laxatives and
the mildest stimulating ointments, such as the
Uiiff. zinci, Uiig. Jiydrargyri prcBcipitat. alb., &c.
Eczema of the hairy scalp is often confounded
■with Porrigo.
Porrigo Fur'furavs, Enpyeais porrigo fiir-
fnra'cea, Tinea seu Trielio'niH fnrfnracea seu
porritjino'sa, Pityri'asif, Teiyne fitrfiiracee (Ali-
bert). commences with an eruption of smiill acho-
res, the fluid of which soon concretes and sepa-
rates in innumerable thin, laminated scabs, or
scale-like exfoliations. It is attended with a good
deal of itching and some soreness of the sculp, to
which the disease is confined. It occurs cliielly
in ailults. In the treatment, the scalp must bo
kept shaved. The part must be washed re-
peatedly with soap and water, and an oiled silk
cap worn. The nature of the ointments used
must vary according to the period of disease and
the irritability of the part atfected. Zinc oint-
mcnt ; — one made with the Cocciiliia indicim ; —
the Sulphur ointment ; — Cit-iiie ointment; Uikj.
hydrargyri nitrico-o.cydi ; Tar ointment, and
Nitric acid ointment have all been found useful.
Should inflammation or discharge arise, those
applications must of course be intermitted.
Porrigo Larvalis, P. lupinosa.
Porrigo Larva'lis, Cnmta lac'fea, Ecpye'sit
Porrigo crnsta'cea, Jfcnti'go, Ac/ior, Tin'ea lar'-
tea seu Fa'ciei, Lactn'men, Laeti'go, Milhy scull
or Tetter, Milkblotch, (F.) Croiite de luit on lait-
eiise, Fenx volages. La Graine. This is, almost
exclusively, a disease of infancy. It commDiily
appears first on the forehead and cheeks, in an
eruption of numerous, minute, whitish achores on
a red surfiice. These break and dischiirge a viscid
fluid, which becomes incrusted in thin, yellowish,
or greenish scabs. The patches spread, until the
whole face becomes, as it were, envelopeii in a
mask ; hence the epithet lurralis. The dise;isc
is rather a variety of Eczema. Sometimes the
eruption appears on the neck and breast: and,
occasionally, on the extremities. In general, the
health of the child does not suffer, but the erup-
tion is always attended with much itching and
irritation. The treatment consists in mild, tejiid
ablution, and the application of gently stimu-
lating ointments, as the oxydum zinci. Ttie
bowels must be kept in a soluble state by small
doses of calomel, or by rhubarb and magnesia.
Porrigo Lupino'sa, Tin'ea Inpi'na, Farim
disper'ans. Scabies cap'itia, Ecpye'sis porrigo In-
pinn'sa, Porri'go larva'lis, Impeti'go fignra'tn,
Tin'ea granida'ta seu miico'sa, Cniata luctea (of
some), ^fent'agra infiin'tnm, (F.) Tei(jne, Dartre
criintaeee flavescente, Favus dissemine, consists of
minute pustules in small patches, mostly com-
mencing on the scalp; the patches terminate in
dry, delving scabs, resembling lupine seeds ; the
interstices often covered with a thin, whitish and
exfoliating incrustation. It occurs chiefly in
early life, and requires the same treatment as the
last.
Porrigo Scdtula'ta, P. confer'ta, Tin'ea gra-
nida'ta seu fico'sa, Ecpye'sis porrigo galea' tn,
Aclio'res seu Sca'bies cap'itis, Farus con/er'tiis,
Jlingioorm of the Scalp, ScaUed head, (F.) Tcigne*
anniilaire, T. en anneaii, T. nnmmulaire, Favus
en groupes. It commences with clusters of small,
light, yellow pustules, which soon scab off; and,
if neglected, become hard by accumulation. If
the scabs be removed, the surface is loft red and
shining, but studded with slightly elevated points.
If not attended to, it involves the whole head.
It occurs in children three or four years of age,
and is very unmanageable. The rules laid down
under Porrigo fur/nrana must be here still more
perseveringly enforced. The whole tribe of stim-
ulating ointments may be used in succession.
No one will always succeed, and hence the ne-
cessity of change, provided advantage should not
seem to follow any particular application. The
Unrjiientum ad Scabiem of Banyer sometimes
I cures, when others fail.
I PORRKJOPH'YTA, Porrigo favosa. Porri-
gophyte means the plant of favus or of porrigo
favosa.
PORRILLON, Narcissus pseudonarcissus.
PORRUM, Allium porrum, Thymion.
PORRUS, Sarcoma, Thvmion.
PORTA, nvXij, Pyle, (F.) Porte, ' a gate.' The
PORTAL
747
POSSESSED
part of the liver or other organ— 7(,7»«— where its
ve«sels enter as by a gate. See Liver. Also, the
Vulva.
Porta IlKPArrs, see Liver — p. Jecoris, see
Liver — p. Lienis, see Spleen.
Porta Vicna, Vena poricB, V. porfa'ntm seu
ad port.,, seu po,U,'li„ seu ma,,„a seu q„ai <td
portiw ent seu xtetechim'a seu lac'teu seu ostin'ria
seu (irterio'Ha seu arterin'Un, Rama'lU vena. Jun'-
Mnx, Miini,H.hc'nriH seu he'puth, 17'»a ad portas
The Siixtem <,/ the vena porta or tlie Alnh„i,' Inul
veiionn HyHtem or Porta/ ni/Htem, (F.) Veine porte,
Forte veine, is a vascular apparatus of black
blood, situate in the abdomen, and resulting from
. two distinct orders of vessels, united into one
common trunk. ]. One of these trunks, much
more extensive than the other, has received the
Diune Venn port,, aUiomiiia'lix, heoaui^ii it arises
from all the organs enclosed in the cavity of the
abdomen, except the kidneys and bladder; and
in the female, the uterus. The AMoiuinal ve„',
porta has two principal roots, the Hj>/,-i,ic vein
and the superior mesenteric, which have their
ramifications in all the digestive organs. 2. The
other trunk, destined solely to tlie liver, has
been called the Hepat'ie renn porta. It appears
to be a continuation of the abdominal vena porta,
and proceeds towards the inferior surface of the
liver. Opposite the transverse fissure of that
organ, it divides, like an artery, into two branches,
which, by their union, seem to form a canal or
duct, called by some the Sinus of the vena porta,
or of the portal vein. These branches are distri-
biiled in the substance of the liver, whither they
are accompanied by a prolongation of the fibrous
capsule of that organ, — the capsule of Glisson
The different branches of the vena porta are de-
void of valves. See Liver.
PORTAL, from j^rta, 'a gate.' Relating to
the porta of the liver, — as thti jwrta/ system, or
system of the vena porta. By extension, the
terra has been applied to an analogous system of
vessels in the kidney. See Kidney.
Portal Fissork, see Liver — p. Fossa, see
Liver— p. System, see Porta Vena— p. System of
the Kidney, see Kidney— p. Vein, Porta Vena—
p. Vein.s of the Kidney, see Kidney.
PORTE-ATGUILLE, Aeutenac'nlum, Needle-
earner. Needle-hearer, from {¥.) porter, 'to car-
ry,' and aiguille, 'a needle.' An instrument for
accurately laying hold of a needle, and giving it
greater length, when it is so fine and small that
it cannot be held by the fingers. It is of steel or
silver, about two inches long, and throughout the
' whole, almost, of its length, divided into two
branches, so as to form a kind of forceps, capable
of being closed by means of a sliding ring. A
modification of this instrument was devised by
Dr. Physick for taking up deep-seated arteries
beyond the reach of a tenaculum or common
needle. It consists of a forceps so constructed
as to hold in its extremity a needle armed with
a ligature. The handles of the forceps are fas-
tened together, temporarily,'by a spring or catch ;
and, when the needle is fairly deposited beneath
the vessel, it is disengaged from the forceps and
drawn out, leaving the ligature behind, which
can be tied without difficulty.
PORTE -BOUGIE (F.). A silver canula
similar to that of a trochar, except that it is
longer. It is used for conducting bougies into
the urethra.
POR TE - CA USTIQ VE, Porte-pierre — p.
Fenille, Subscapularis.
POUTE-LAQ. An instrument for carrying i
the hi(| or fillet over the limb of the foetus whilst
in ulero, when turning is necessary.
PORTE-LIGATUHE, from porter, 'to carry,' I
and liijatiire. An instrument for conveying a
ligature to deep-seated parts.
POR TE-M£:CIIE[F.), from porter, ' to carry,'
and miche, ' a tent.' An instrument for carrying
tents or meches deeply into fistulous openings, or
sinuses, to the bottom of ulcers, Ac. It is ifwire
of silver or steel, four or five inches long, bavin-'
a notch at one extremity, and a button at the
, other.
! PORTE-MOXA (F.). A small instrument
for keeping the moxa applied to a part to be cau-
terized. It consists of a metallic ring — separated
[ from the skin by three supports of ebony — to
which a handle is adapted.
PORTE-NCEUD (F.), from porter, ' to carry,'
and ncrud, 'a knot.' An instrument for carrying
a ligature round the base or pedicle of a tumour"
P0RTE-P1ERRE(F.), Porte-eaustique, Cans-
tie bearer. An instrument similar to a jjorfe-
crayon for carrying lunar caustic.
PORTE.SONDE (F.). An instrument resem-
bling a porte-crayon, employed for holding the
style or sonde, and inserting it more readily into
the nasal duct, during the operation for fistula
lacryinalis.
PORTE VEINE, Porta vena.
PORTENTUM, Monster.
PORTER, Cerevisia.
PORTIO DURA, Facial nerve -p. Inter du-
ram et mollem, Portio AVrisbergii— p. Intermedia
A\nsbergii, Portio AVrisbergii — p. Media inter
portionem duram et portionem mollem, Portio
\A risbergii.
Portio Mollis, Auditory nerve.
PoR'Tio Wrisbrr'gii, P.interme'dia Wrisher'.
gn seu media inter portionem duram et portionem
mollem seu inter duram et mollem, (F.j Eai»cean
intermediare de Wrisbeix/, Intermediaire de Wris-
berg. A small, white fasciculus, intermediate
between the portio mollis and portio dura of the
seventh pair of nerves, which was first described
by AVrisberg. The Chorda Tympani is supposed
by some to emanate from this nerve.
PORT/ON COSTO-TRACIIEL/ENNE DU
SACR0-8PINAL, Longissimus dorsi— ;j. Eeuil-
lenx ou squamcu.r du temporal. Squamous portion
of the temporal — p. Lombaire du pAexus crural,
Lumbar plexus.
PORTION GODRONNE DE LA CORNE
D'AMJION. A name given by Vicq d'Azyr to
a small, denticulated cord, of a compact t'issue
and granular appearance, which unites the eornu
ammonis to the [laries of the lateral ventricle.
PORTONARIUM, Pylorus, Duodenum.
PORTULA'CA, P.olera'cen, Andraeh'ne, Al'-
linm Gal'licum, Purslane, (F.) Ponrpier cultive.
This plant abounds with a watery and somewhat
acid juice ; and is often put into soups or pickled
with spices. It is regarded as antiseptic and
aperient.
PORUS, Callus, Meatus — p. Acusticus, Audi-
tory canal, internal.
PoRUS Op'Ticns. An opening in the centre
of the cribriform lamella of the sclerotic, tlirouirh
which the central artery of the retina enters the
eyeball.
POSCA, Oxvcrate.
POSE, Coryza.
POSLMOS, Potable.
POSITION. FALSE, False position.
POSOL'OCiY, Posolog"ia, Dosiolog" ia, from
TToerof, ' quantity,' and Aoyof, ♦ adiscourse.' Indica-
tion of the doses in which the different articles of the
materia medica ought to be exhibited. (F.) Vosage
POSOQUERIA DUMETORUM, Randia Du-
metorum.
POSSEDE. Possessed.
POSSESS'ED, DcBmoni'acus, {F.)PossMe. One
POSSET
48
POTASSA, ACETATE OF
aCTected with epilepsy, or other strange neurotic
a-Iectinn, was formerly supposed to be ' pos-
sessed' by a demon. Hence, exorcism and va-
viiius religious ceremonies, at one time employed
to drive off the intruder.
POSSET, Posse'tum, from (L.) posca, 'sour
wine and water' [?]. Milk curdled with wine, or
!iny iicid, or treacle. A preparation of beer and
iiiilk ; Zi/thi>g'aUt.
{'ossKT, Sack, see Sack — p. Sago, see Sago.
POSSETTIN(}, Regurgitation (of Infants).
POSTBRACIIIALE, Metacarpus.
POSTCAKPIUM, Metacarpus.
POSTE'RIOR ANNULA'RIS. An external,
intcrdsseous muscle, whieli arises from the eorre-
j ponding sides of the metacarpal bones of the
ring-finger and little finger, and is inserted into
tlie inside of tbe tendon on the back of the ring-
finger. Its use is to draw the ring-finger in-
wards.
Posterior Aunis, Retrahens auris.
PosTBiiiOFi In'dicis ManCs. An internal, in-
terosseous muscle, which arises from the inner or
ulnar side of the metacarpal bone of the fore-
finger, and is inserted into the inside of the ten-
don on the back of the fore-finger. Its use is to
draw the fore-finger inwards.
PosTEr.ioR Indicis Pedis, Ahdiic'tor Indicis
J'ikIi'h. An external, interosseous muscle, which
arises from the contiguous sides of the metatarsal
bones of the fore-toe, and second of the small
toes, and is inserted into the outside of the root
of the first bone of the fore-toe. Its use is to pull
the fore-toe outwards.
Posterior Me'dii Dig"iti Manus. An exter-
ral, interosseous muscle, which arises from the
corresponding sides of the metacarpal bones of
the middle and ring-fingers ; and is inserted into
the inside of tbe tendon on the back of the mid-
dle finger. Its use is to draw the middle finger
inwards.
Posterior Mrdii Dig"iti Pepis. Abductor
viedil dii/iti pedis. An external, interosseous
muscle, which originates from the contiguous
sides of the metatarsal bones of the second and
third of the small toes, and is inserted into the
outside of the root of the first bone of the second
of tbe small toes. Its use is to pull the toe out-
wards.
PoSTEHIOR Ter'tii Dig"itI, Adduc'tor tcrtii
dhjiti. An external, interosseous muscle, which
arises from the contiguous sides of the metatarsal
bones of the third and fourth of the small toes,
and is inserted into the outside of the root of the
first bone of the third of the small toes. Its use
is to pull the toe outwards.
POSTHE. Penis, Prepuce.
POSTHET'OMIST, Posthet'omus, from jro<r5.?,
'prepuce,' and rofi??, ' incision.' One who per-
forms tbe operation of circumcision.
POSTHETOMY, Circumcision.
POSTHIA. Hordeolum.
POSTHIOPLAS'TIC, Posthioplas'ticni, from
Toa^n. 'the prepuce,' and vXaaao), '1 form.' An
epithet applied to the operation for restoring the
prepuce.
POSTHI'TIS, Acrohi/sti'tis, Acmpnalhi'ti's,
from TToaSn, 'the prepuce, the penis.' and {tin, the
termination for inflammation. Inflammation of
tlie prepuce.
POSTHIUM, Prepuce.
POSTHON'CUS, from roa^v, 'the prepuce or
penis,' and oyKo(;, ' a tumour.' Swelling of the
prepuce or penis.
POSTHOPLAS'TICA, from to<75.7, 'prepuce,'
and irXaartKos, ' formative.' The art of making a
new prepuce.
POST'HUxMOUS, from post, 'after,' and humus,
' the ground.' Occurring after death.
PosTHtiMOUS Child. One born after the death
of its father, or taken froui the dead body of its
mother, as by the Ca>sarean section.
POSTIME, Abscess.
POST-MORTEM. 'After death ;' as ' a post
mortem or necroscoj)ic examination.'
POST-NATUS. 'Born after.' In the old law
writers, the second son.
POST-PARTUM. 'After delivery.' As '/>o«<
partnin hemorrhage.'
POSTPOSIT"IO, (post, 'after,' and pnnere,
positiim, 'to place,') 'a postponement.' Belay
in the return of a paroxysm. It is opposed to
anticipntio, which means the return of a parox-
ysm earlier than its accustomed hour.
In this sense, we speak of an <nili(ip<ttinf/,nnd
a pnstpi»n'ti() (Fehris hysterct'ica) intermittent.
POSTREMA, Uterus.
PO'TABLE, Pntah'iUs, from pntnre,'{n drink.'
Pot'imns, Polos, Pos'itiios, 'drinkable.' Water is
said to be potable, when it contains atmosiihcric
air ; is not brackish ; and has no mineral impreg-
nation of consequence.
POTASH. So called from the pots or vessels
in which it was made; — Veyetable alkali, Gastri-
num. Also, Potass.
PoTAsn or Commerce, Potassa impu'ra, Im-
pure jwtassn, Alu'mtn cdti'iium, Cin'eres Jius'sici,
Suhcnr'homis potas'sfB impn'rus, Potits'sm cnr'ho-
ii(ts impnrus, Lix'irns cinis, the Penrhish of
commerce, is prepared from the ashes of land-
plants by calcination, solution in water, filtration,
and evaporation. It usually consists of siibcnr-
bonate of potassa, sulphate of potassa, chloride
of potassium, silex, oxide of iron, Ac.
From the ashes of lees of wine, and from vine-
twigs, a much purer alkali is obtained. It is
called Cinis infccto'rius sou fmcum, Cin'eres eln-
vclla'ti seu grnrella'ti, Alu'men fcBcum, (F.) Ce»-
dres gravelees ou de srirmeut.
Another variety of the alkali is afforded by
burning argol in a crucible ; afterwards powder-
ing and calcining it, till it is nearly white; then
dissolving in water, filtering, and evaporating. It
is called Snlt of Tartar, Sal Tar'tari, Kali pr<c-
piuru'tiim e tar'taro, K. e tartaro, Snbcar'b'ii>aa
potassa: puris'simus, Potris'sce subear'boniis e tar'-
taro. Lastly, when wormwood is burnt to ashes,
dissolved in water, filtered, and evajtorated to
dryness, it affords another variety of vegetable
alkali, the Sal absin'thii or Salt of iconnwood.
Impure potash is used for preparing the sub-
carbonate for medical use.
POTASS, Potassa fusa, Potash. The protoxide
of potassium.
POTASSA, ACETATE OF, Potassse aoetns —
p. Bichromate of, Potassae bichromas — p. Bisul-
phate of, Potassae supcrsulphas — p. Bitartratc of,
Potassse supertartras — p. Carbonate of, Potassae
carbonas — p. Carbonate of, pure, see Pot.nssae
subcarbonas — p. Caustica cum calce, Potassa cum
ealce — p. Chlorate of, Potassse murias byperoxy-
genatus — p. Chromate of, Pot;;ssaD chronias — p.
Chromate of. neutral, Potassse chromas — p. Chro-
mate of, yellow, Potassae chromas.
PoTAS'SA CUM Calce, P. ope calcis para'ta et
igue fusa, Potassa caust'ica cum calce. Potass with
lime. Calx cum kali piiro, Caus'ticum cnuimu'ue
for'tius, Lapis inferna'lis sive sep'liriis. Kali
caus'ticum cum calce, Lapis caus'ticus, (F.) Potasse
pr^parf.e arec la chaux, P. d In Chaiix, Pierre a
cautere. (Potassa, Calcis aa .^j. Rub together,
and keep in a well-stopped bottle. — Ph. U. S.)
Used for the same purposes as the next, but more
manageable; being less deliquescent.
Potassa, Euciiloratr of, Potassse murias
hyperoxygenatus — p. Ferrocyanate of, Potassii
ferrocyanuretum — p. Ferroprussiate of, PotassJB
cyanuretum.
POTASS.E ACETAS
749
POTASSiE
POTARSA FlTSA, Potaasa, Kull cniiii'lidim seu
puriim, Fined putaag, Al'hali verjetnh'ile fixum
caita'ticum, CiiuH'ticum commit'iie acer'rimum, C.
alkali'tium scu commu'iie scu potentia'le seuSidi'-
nnni, ffi/ilr<ii> ka'dciim, //. polrm'ecB puree fuscB,
PotiiHxfK lii/drim, Lfipin cdiiu'liciiH scu criimtictis
chiniriji)' rum seu iii/e-riia'lis alcitli'tiuH seu eep'ti-
cua, Uiipto'rinm commu'iie, Fixed t'eg"etuble alkali,
Hydrate of Potii8na, (F.) Potasse canstiqiie.
(Prepared by evaporating solution of potass to
dryness in an iron vessel.) This preparation is
generally run into cylindrical moulds, covered with
paper, and kept in well-corked vessels. It is
powerfully cscharotic, and is used for forming
issues, curing strictures, &e.
PoTASSA, FusKD, Potassa fusa — p. Hydriodate
of, Potassee hydriodas — p. Ilydroliromate of, see
Bromine — p. Hydrocyanate of, Potassii eyanure-
tum — p. Hyperinanganate of, Potassae hyper-
manganas — p. llyperoxalas. Potass, oxalate of —
p. llypertartras, P. supertartras — p. Impura,
Potash of commerce — p. and Iron, tartrate of,
Ferrum tnrtarizatum — p. with Lime, Potassa cum
calce — p. Liquida, Liquor potassae — p. Mephite
of, Potassa; subcarbonas — p. Monochromate of,
Potassae chromas — p. Muriate of, Potasste murias
— p. Nitrate of, Potassae nitras — p. Ope calcis
parata et igne fusa, Potassa cum calce — p. Oxy-
muriate of, Potassae murias hyperoxygenatus — p.
Permanganate of, Potassae permanganas — p.
Prussiatc of, Potassii ferrocyauurctum — p. and
Soda, tartrate of. Soda, tartrate of — p. Subcar-
bonate of, Potassae subcarbonas — p. Suljihate of,
Potassao sulj)bas — p. Sulphate of, acid, Potassae
supersulphas — p. Sulphuret of, Potassas sulphure-
tum — p. Superearbonate of, Potassa; carbonas —
p. Supersulphato of, Potassae supersulphas — p.
Supertartrate of, Potassae supertartras — p. Tar-
trate of, Potassic tartras.
POTAS'SiE ACE'TAS, Oxylnr'tarw, Acetas
hnli seu lixiv'im seu ko'lioiui, Al'knli tnr'tnri
ace'to satiira'tiim, A. vegetah' He cum acein, Mayia-
te'rium tartnri purgatia. Term fidin'ta Tnrtari,
Kali aceta'tum, Sal diuret'iciis sou Seinier'ti,
Arca'num tartnri, Ac"etnte of pot n si, (F.) Acetate
de potaane. (Acid, acetic. Oj, PotmiacE carbon, q. s.
Mix and add, by degrees, enough acetic acid to
saturate the alkali; then filter and evaporate
till a pellicle is formed, which is to be dried upon
bibulous paper ; evaporate again in a water-bath,
and, removing the pellicles, dry. — Ph. U. S.)
It is cathartic and diuretic. Dose, ^j to ^ij,
or more.
Potass^ et AlumiNjE Sulphas, Alnmen —
p. Biantimonias, Antimonium diaphoreticum —
p. Bicarbonas, Potassae carbonas.
Potas's^e Bichuo'mas, A'o/i' chro'micum rn-
hrum seu ac"idum seu hichro'micum, Plchro'mote
of potaa'sa. Procured by adding aulphiiric, ni-
tric, or arctic arid to a solution of the neutral
ehromate, and setting it aside to crystallize. It
is a violent irritant poison ; and has been used
as a caustic in cases of morbid growths, in the
proportion of from half a drachm to a drachm of
the salt to from an ounce to an ounce and a half
of water.
PotasSjE Bisulphas, p. supersulphas — p. Bi-
tartras, P. supertartras.
Potass.e Car'donas, Kali nera'tum, Bicar'-
honaa potaases, Potaa'aes bicar'honna (Ph. U. S.,
L., E., <!k D. ), Deutocarbonaa potnaaii. Carbonate,
bicar bonate or aupercar'bonate of potaaaa. This
is not caustic, like the subcarbonatc of potass,
and hence, has boon preferred to relieve acidity.
(Potaaa. carbon. Ibiv. A(]U(P dextHlnt. Ox. Pass
carbonic acid through the solution until it is
saturated, and filter. Evaporate at a heat not
exceeding lfiO°, and dry the crystals on bibulous
paper. Carbonic acid is obtained from marble
by the addition of dilute sulphuric acid. — Ph.
If. S.) Dose, gr. x to ^9%. It is used in forming
the soda powders, as well as for its antacid pro-
perties.
Distillers and brewers prepare this salt with
great facility by suspending a solution of the puri-
fied carbonate of potnaaa in the fermenting tun.
The alkaline salt is thus surrounded by an atmo-
sphere of carbonic acid ; and by absorbing it. it
crystallizes into bicarbonate. The salt in powder
is called aal aeratua. Its composition is between
that of a carbonate and of a bicarbonate.
PotasSvE Carbonas, P. subcarbonas — p. Car-
bonas e Lixivo Cinere, P. subcarbonas — p. Car-
bonas impufus, P. subcarbonas — p. Carbonas
purus, Pure carbonate of potassa, see P. subcar-
bonas— p. Chloras, P. murias hyperoxygenatus
— p. Chloruretum oxydatum, P. murias hyperoxy-
genatus.
Potas's^ Chromas, Kali chro'micum famm
seu neutra'le, Neutral ye/low Chronnite or Jlfoiio-
chrornate of potaaaa. Prepared by igniting a
mixture of four parts of native chromite of iron
(chrome iron ore) and one part of nitre ; dissolv-
ing out the ehromate of potassa by water, and
crystallizing. It has been used as an emetic, ex-
pectorant and diaphoretic. Dose, as an emetic,
from two to four grains ; as an expectorant, fnnii
Jth to 1^ grain. In the proportion of one drachm
to 32 ounces of water, it has been used as an an-
tiseptic wash — called by Jacobson, Liquor cou-
aerva'trix.
Potassae Citras, Citrate of potaaaa. [Acid,
citric, ^x, Potaaa. bicarb. ,^xiv, Aq. q. s. Dis-
solve the acid in the water ; and after efferves-
cence has ceased, strain and evaporate to dryness.
The salt is deliquescent, and must be kept in
well-stopped bottles. Ph. U. S.) It possesses
the refrigerant properties of the neutral salts,
and may be given in fever, when to do little or
nothing is the most advisable course. Dose, gr. x
to J^ss.
PoTASSvE ET Ferri Tartras, Fcrri tartariza-
tuin — p. Hydras, Potassa fusa.
Potassae IIvDRi'onAS, Potaaaa Protohydri'o-
daa, Potaa'aii protox'idi hydri'odaa. Kali Ilydrl-
odin'icnm seu Hydriod'icum, Hydriodna Ka'licua,
Hi/dri'odate of potaaa, (F.) Hydriodate de potaaae.
If a solution of potass be poured on iodine, an
iodate and hydriodate are formed. These may
be separated by means of alcohol, which only
dissolves the latter of these salts. The hydrio-
date, or rather the T'odide of Potaa'aium, Kalium
Toda'tum, Potnaaii Todure'tum seu To'didum, (F.)
lodure de potaaaium, may be obtained by evapo-
ration. When the Iodide of jiotaaaium is dis-
solved in water, it becomes the Hydriodate of
Potaaaa. The following is the formula in the
Ph. IT. S. Potaaa. ^vy. lodin. in pulv. ^xxj;
Carbon, licjui in pulv. subtiliss. ^ij : Aq. hulllevt.
Oiij. Dissolve the potassa in the water: add the
iodine gradually, stirring until the solution bo-
comes colourless, and continue the additions until
the liquid remains slightly coloured from excess
of iodine. Evaporate to dryness, stirring in the
charcoal towards the close. Rub to powder, au'l
heat to dull redness in an iron crucible, keeping
up the temperature for 15 minutes. When cool,
dissolve out the saline matter with pure water,
filter the solution, evaporate and set aside to
crystallize. By evaporating and crystallizing as
before, an additional quantity of crystals may be
obtained. Virtues, — those of iodine.
PoTASS/E Mf'niAS, Sal Dii/cati'vua sowf'hrif-
ugua Syl'vii, Spir'itua aalia mari'ui coorjida'tua,
Muriate of Potaaa. Bitter and refrigorart.
PoTASSJ? Mu'RIAS IlYrEROXVOEXA'TIS, Po-
taaam Ohloraa sen oxymu'riaa, O.rymii'rinte, Hy-
peroxi/mu'riate, Chlorate or Euchlo'rale of potass,
POTASS.E
•',0
rOTASSE
Prolochlo'rate of potas'sium, Alcali vegrt'd'ile
ndU'lo-tlephhxjhtica'tum, C/ilornre'titiii pnton'ncB
<i.rt/<l(i'tiim, Ilttloi'dnni oxy(jeiiii'titiii, O.fi/i/c' iio-
Clilnrure'tum potds'sii, Kali rhlo' n'ciiiii, CItloras
Ka'licits depura'tus, (F.) Chlorate de potaxse. It
li;is been regiinled as antineuropathtc, and as an
alterative purifier of the blood and humours. It
is of doubtful efficacy. Dose, 3 to 6 grains or more.
PoTASS>« NiTHAS, Nitrate of Potass, Nitrum,
N. prismat'icnm, Sal nitrum, Nitre, Saltpetre, Sal
petrcB, Salse'do niucnim, Sanr/uiu'ea, Berenic"iiim,
J/alini'trnm, Protoni'trate of Potas'niiim, Nitrate
"f pi''>tox'ide of Potamiiuin, Kali ni'tricnin, Ni-
tran ka'licitii seu Uxiv'ias, Az'otan potas'niciia, (F.)
Nitrate ou Azotale de potaase. Obtained from the
putrefaction of animal matters, in contact with
calcareous or alkaline earths, by elixiviation ;
adding, if necessary, wood-ashes to supply the
alkaline basis. It is formed, in an impure state,
by nature, in warm climates.
It is diuretic and refrigerant, and, in large
doses, purgative ; externally, cooling and deter-
gent. Dose, gr. x to ^j. In large doses it is
an acrid poison.
PotassjE Nitras Fusus Sulpha'tis Paucil'lo
MiXTU.S, Sal prunel'lm, Crystal'lus minera'lis,
Nitras potas'sm cum siil'phure fiisns, N^itrinn tabu-
In'tum, Lapis Prune/'lcB, Anod'yiium miiiera'le,
Sore-throat salt, Min'eral crystal. Nitrate of
y)otass, mixed with a little sulphate of potass and
run into moulds. Its properties are those of nitre.
PotasSvE Ox'alas, Ox'alas Acid'idum Potas'-
s(B seu Potas'scB acid'uliis seu ba'siois, Superox'-
alas ha'licum seu Potassw, Hyperoxalas I'otasscB,
Sal Acetosel'lee, Oxa'lium, Kali oxaV icnm acid'u-
htm, Ox'alas siibpotas'sicus, Siipero.r'alate <f Pro-
tox'ide of Potas'sium, Ojcalate of Potass, S(dt of
Sorrel, (F.) Sel d'oseille, Sel il detacher. Pre-
])iired from the juice of wood sorrel. It is re-
iVigerant, and is used to make lemonade, Ac.
Potass^ Oxalas Acidulum, Potass, oxalate
of — p. Oxymurias, P. murias hyperoxygenatus.
PoTASSyE Peuman'ganas, Permati' (janute of
potas'sa, Hyperman' rjanate of potassa, has b^en
given in cases of diabetes. Dose, from gr. ij to
gr. V, three times a day. It has been prescribed,
also, in obstinate dyspepsia.
Potass^ Piiotohydiuodas, P. hydriodas — p.
Purse fusae hydras, Potassa fusa — p. et Sodae
tartras. Soda, tartrate of.
Potass^ Subcar'bonas, P. Car'bonaa (Ph.
U. S.), P. carbonas e Lixi'vo Cin'ere, Subcar'bo-
nas Kali, Gar'bonas Potassa, Kali prcepara'tnm,
Sal Herba'rum seu Planta'rum seu Tar'tari seu
Absin'thii, Calca'reous Tartar, Snbcarbonate or
Mephite of Potass, Ac. (See Potash.) A filtered
solution of the impure subcarbonate, Potas'sa
rar'botias impu'rus (Ph. U. S.), Pearl-ash (see
Potash), evaporated to dryness. This deliques-
cent salt is given in the same cases as the potassae
carbonas, than which it is more caustic and dis-
agreeable.
The Parisian codex has a Subcar'bonas Potas'sa
ex tar'taro combus'to, vulgo Sal Tariari or Salt of
Tartar — (it is the Potassa carbonas purus, Pure
Carbonate of Potassa, Ph. U. S.); a Subcarbonas
Potassa ex defaf/ran'tibus simul tar'trate acid'ulo
et Nitrate Potassa pnratns, vulgo Nitrum ex tar-
taro flxum ; and a Subcarbonas potassa ex defla-
(fran'te cum Carbon' ibua Nitra'te Potassa pnra-
tus, vulgo Nitrum fixum. They are all used like
the preceding.
PoTAssvE Subcarbonas Impurus, Potash of
•eominerce.
PoTAss>« Sulphas, Kali vitriola'tum seu «i(^
phu'rieum, Sulphas Kali Lixiv'ia vitriola'ta, Ni-
trum vitriolatum Schroederi, Sal Sapien'tia seu
Tar'tari Sulphura'tum seu Polychres'tus, Spe.cif-
icttm Paracel'si, Spi'ritua vitrioli coagida'tus
ifynsichti, Al'kali vegeta'bile vitriolatum, Sal de
duobua, Arc'i'uum duplica'tum, Tar'tarum vitrio-
latum, Panace'a Ducis Uotsa'tia seu dujdiva'la,
Sulphate, of Potass, Protosulph'ate of Potas'-
sium, (F.) Sulfate de potasse. (The salt, that re-
mains after the distillation of nitric acid, dis-
solved; the excess of acid saturated with sulicnr-
bonate of potass and crystallized.) Purgative
and diuretic. Dose, ^ss to ^] as a laxative. In
a large dose it has proved an irritant poison.
PotasSjG StTLPHAS CUM SlJL'fll Ultji, Sat Poly-
chres'tus (llase'ri, Lixiv'ia Vitriola'ta Siil/ihti'ini.
(Fortned by deflagrating nitrate of potass with
sublimed sulphur.) Same virtues as the la.st.
Dose, gr. XV to xxx.
PoTASs^E SuLPHURETUM, Potassii sulphurctuin
— p. Superoxalas, Potassa) oxalas.
Potass^ Supersul'piias, P. Bisulphas, Sal
enix'um seu febrif'nyus if Lem'ery, Supers\dj,h<ilc
of Potass, Acid Sulphate or Jiisulphate of I'olasn,
Super-protosulphate of Potas'siuui, (F.) Jilsulfile
de Potasse. (The salt remaining after the di.vtll-
lation of nitric acid, dissolved, strained, and
crystallized.) It is refrigerant and purgative.
Dose, 3'"'s to ^ij.
PoTASSyE Supertar'tras Impu'rus, Tar'torvs
crudus, Tar'tarum, Lapis vini, 3fayueti'uus, J'e.
dugra, Tartar, (F.) Tartre cru ou brut. It is
called, also, Tartarum rubrum and Jted Arrjid,
when obtained from red wines ; Tartarum album
or White Aryol, when from white wines. Tartar
is the saline deposit from wines as they become
aged; which attaches itself to the sides of the
casks and bottles in which they are kept. It
consists of a considerable quantity of acidulims
tartrate of potass, tartrate of lime, silica, alunicn,
oxyd of iron, manganese, and a re<] colouring
matter, if the wine be red. It is chiefly used lor
the preparation of cream of tartar.
PotasSjE Supertar'tras, P. hypertar'tras, P.
Bitar'tras (Ph. U. S.) seu tartras ac"ida, Crys-
tal'li Tar'tari, Tartras Acid'ulus Potassa jiurus,
T. superpotas' sicus, T. subpotas' sicus, Superlar'-
trate of Protox'ide of Potas'sium, Bitartrate or iS'ii-
pertartrate of Potass, Crystals of Tartar, Cremur
Tar'tari, Cream of Tartar (when in powder),
Supertar'trate of Potass, (F.) Tartrate aciile de
potasse, Creme de Tartre. (The tartar of wine
purified.) It requires 60 parts of water at 60°
to dissolve it. It is mildly purgative, refrigerant
and diuretic. Dissolved in water, with a small
quantity of white wine, some sugar and lemon-
peel, it forms an agreeable beverage in febrile
diseases, under the name of Imperial. Dose, as
a diuretic, ^j to ^ij ; as a purgative, ^^ss to ^).
Potass^ Tartras, Kali tartariza'tum, Al'cali
fixum tarturisatum, Tar'tarum solu'bile, Tartarus
tartariza'tus, Lixiv'ia Tartarisa'ta, Sal Pan-
ehres'tum, Tartras Kali'nus seu lixiv'ia, Sal vege-
tab'ilis, Alkali vegetab'ile tartarizatum, Tartrate
of Potass. Soluble Tartar, (F.) Tartrate de Po-
tasse. (Potassa carbon. ^x\}; Potassa Bilur-
trat. in pulv. subtiliss. tbiij, vel q. s., arpia bulli-
entis, cong. Dissolve the carbonate of potassa in
the water, add the bitartrate to saturation, and
boil ; filter, evaporate till a pellicle forms, and
set aside to crystallize. Pour off the liquid ; dry
the crystals on bibulous paper, and keep in
closely-stopped bottles. — Ph. U. S.) A saline
cathartic in the dose of ^^ij to ^^j.
Potass^. Tartras Acii>a, P. supertartras — p.
Tartras acidulus purus, P. supertartras — p. Tar-
tras stibialis seu stibiosus, Antimonium tartariza-
tum.
POTASSE, ACETATE DE, Potassaj acetns
— p. Jiisulphate de, Potassae supersulphas — p.
Caustique, Potassa fusa — p. d la Chavx, Potassa
cum calce — p. Chlorate de, Potassae murias hy-
peroxygenatus— p. Hydriodate de, Potassae by-
rOTASSII BROMIDUM
751 POTERIUM SANGUISORBA
driodas — p. Liquide, Liquor potnssae — p. Nitrate
tie, Potassie nitras — p. Pi-fparie avec la chaux,
I'otiigsa cum calce — p. et de Sonde, tartrate de,
Soda, tartrate of — p. Hulfute de, Potassae sulphas
— p. Snl/iire de, Potassii sulphuretum — p. Tar-
trate de, Potassaj tartras — p. Tartrate acide de,
Potassao supertartras.
POTAS'SII BRO'MIDUM, Potas'ecs hydrn-
hru'inan, Bromide of potassium, (F.) liromure de
/'utaseiiim. (liromin, ^ij; Ferri fili,"^] ; Potass,
ctirhon. ,^ij and ^^j, vel q. s. ; Aq. deslillat., Oiv.
Add tiio iron filings and bromine to a pint and a
lialf of the water ; stirring for half an hour. Ap-
ply a gentle heat, and when the liquor assumes
a greenish colour, add gradually the carbonate of
potassa, dissolved in Oiss of the water, until it
ceases to cause a precipitate. Continue the heat
for half an hour, and filter. Wash the precipitate
with the remaining water, boiling hot, and filter.
Mix the liquors and crystallize by evaporation. —
Ph. U. S.) Virtues : — those of iodide of iron.
PoTASSii Cyanidum, P. Cyanurctum.
PoTASSn Cyanuke'tum, P. Cyan'iditm, Cya-
rtnret of Potassium, Ilydrocy'anute of Potassa.
(Potassii Ferrocyanur., in pulv. ^viij ; Potass.
Carbonat. exsiccat., ^iij. Mix intimately and
throw into a deep iron crucible, heated to red-
ness ; keep up the heat till effervescence ceases,
and the fused mass concretes, of a pure white
colour, upon a warm glass rod dipped into it;
then pour out the liquid carefully into a shallow
dish to solidify, stopping before the salt becomes
contaminated with the precipitated iron. Breali
up the mass whilst warm, and preserve in well-
stopped bottles. — Ph. U. S.) Used in the same
cases as the hydrocyanic acid. Dose, a quarter
of a grain.
PoTASsn Dbuto-carbonas, Potassae carbonas.
Potassii Ferhocyanuhe'tum, P. Ferrocyan'-
idiim, Ferrovy'anide or Ferrocyan'uret of Potas-
sium, Ferrocy' annte or Ferroprnssiate or Prussi-
nle of Potassa, (F.) Protocyanure jautie de fer et
de piitassium, Cyauure de fer ct de potassium. The
yellow double cyanuret of potassium and iron,
the salt from which the cyanuret of potassium is
obtained by calcination. It is not much used in
medicine. It has been advised as an astringent
in the colliquative sweats of phthisis, in leucor-
rhoea, Ac; but it does not seem to be possessed
of much activity. Dose, 10 or 15 grains every
four or five hours.
Potassii IIvDnAii'GYiio-ioD'iDnM, Potas^ce To-
dohydrar'gyras, Hydrargyrum biiodafuni cum kalio
iodato, Kalium iodatum hydrarrfyrottim, Todhy-
drur'gyrate or Hijdrargyro-iodide of Potassium.
This salt is made by the combination of iodide
of potassium with red iodide of mercury. Its
properties are similar to those of the iodides of
mercury, but in a less degree.
Potassii loninuM, Potassae hydriodas — p. To-
duretum, Potassio hydriodas — p. Oxygeno-chlo-
rnretura, Potassae murias hyperoxygenatus — p.
Protsxidi hydriodas, Potassao hydriodas.
Potassii Sulpho-cyaniire'tum, Su/pho-cyan'-
uret of Potas'sium. This salt has been prepared
as a substitute for hydrocyanic acid, and cyanu-
ret of potassium, on the ground of its possessing
their advantages without their inconveniences.
Potassii Stlpiuirk'tusi, Potas'sa; Sulphure'-
turn seu tersulpliure'tum. Kali sulplniretum, Hepar
Sulph'uris, It. sulphnris aali'uum seu sulph'uris
vidf/a're, Sulphure'tum lixiv'im seu ha'licum,
Li'rer of Sulphur, Sulphuret of Potass, (F.) Siil-
fiire de potasse, Sul/'ure de potassium sulfntf,
Foie de Soufre. (Sulphur. 1^']. Potassa- rarb. ^\j.
Rub them together, and place the mixture in a
covered crucible upon the fire until they unite.
It ha? been employed in affections of the chest,
as an expectorant, in the dose of from ^ss to ^j.
largely diluted : but it is chiefly used as a bath
or wash in cases of itch, tinea capitis, and other
cutaneous affections.)
Potassii Tersulphuretum, Potassii sulphu-
retum.
POTASSIUM. Same etymon as potash. The
metallic base of potassa.
POTASSIUM, liROMURE DE,see Bromine
— p. Cyanuret of, Potassii cyanuretum — p. Ferro-
cyanide of, Potassii ferrocyanuretum — p. Ferro-
cyanuret of, Potassii ferrocyanuretum — p. Iodide
of, Potassae hydriodas — p. lodohydrargyrate of,
Potassii hydrargyro-iodidum — p. Jodure de, Po-
tassiB hydriodas — p. Oxide of. Potass — p. Proto-
arscnite of, Arsenite of protoxide of potassium- — p.
Protochlorate of, Potassae murias hyperoxygena-
tus— p. Protonitrate of, Potassae nitras — p. Pro-
toxide of. Potass — p. Protoxide of, nitrate of, Po-
tassae nitras — p. Protoxide of, superoxalate of.
Potass, oxalate of^p. Protoxide of, supertartrate
of, PotassiB supertartras — p. Protosulphate of,
Potassae sulphas — p. Sulfure de, sulfate, Potassii
sulphuretum — p. Sulphuret of, Potassii sulphu-
retum— p. Superprotosulphate of, Potassae super-
sulphas.
POTATO, Solanum tuberosum.
Potato Flv, Lytta vittata.
Potato, Hog, Convolvulus panduratus.
Potato Oil, Oil, fusel. By distilling potato oil
with anhydrous phosphoric acid, a volatile color-
less oily liquid is procured, which is lighter than
water, and boils at 102°. This is Am'yieiie or
Am'ylen, (F.) Amyleite. It is best prepared from
fusel oil by the action of chloride of zinc. The
vapour has been employed as an anaesthetic.
Potato, Spanish, Convolvulus batatas — p.
Sweet, Convolvulus batatas.
Potato Vine, Wild, Convolvulus panduratus.
Potato, Wild, Convolvulus panduratus.
POTBELLY, Physconia.
POTECARY, Apothecary.
POTELKE, Hvoscvamus.
POTENTIA, Force.
Poten'tia seu Potes'tas Coeun'di, Capability
of copulation.
PoTENTiA Generan'di. The power of procre-
ation.
Potentia Irritans, Stimulus.
POTEN'TIAL, Poteiitia'lis, (F.) Potentiel ;
from ;)o<e»«, 'able.' An epithet for remedies which,
although energetic, do not act till sometime after
their application. The caustic alkalies, for in-
stance, are called Poteutial cauteries in contradis-
tinction to the hot iron, which is termed actual.
POTENTILLA, P. reptanss.
Potentil'la Anseri'na, P. argenti'ua seu im-
po'lita seu ncglec'ta, Argenti'ua vulga'ris, Frn-
ga'ria anseri'na, Ar'geutiue, Chenobos'con, Ar-
geutn'ria, Anseri'na, Silrer Weed, Wild Tansy,
Moorgrass, (F.) Argentine, Polentille, Herbe anx
oies. Ord. Rosacea}. The leaves are mildly
astringent and tonic.
PoTKNTii.LA Argentina, P. anserina — p. Im-
polita, P. anserina — p. Neglecta, P. anserina.
PoteNTILLA NoRVEg"iCA, Norway Cinque-foil,
an indigenous plant, is jiossessed of similar pro-
perties.
PoTENTiLLA Pah'Stris, Comarum palustre.
Potentil'la ReptANS, Peulaphyl'lnm, Fraga'-
ria jiputapln/l'lum, Potentil'la, Quiuqnefo'lium,
Q. tnajus. Common ciuquefiil, [Y.) Potentille ram-
pante, Quintefeuille. The roots are possessed of
astringent properties.
Potkntilla Tormentilla, Tormentilla.
POTENTILLE. Poteniilla anserina— />. i?(Tnj-
pcinte, Potentilla reptans.
POTENTIZIXU. see Dvnamic.
POTERIUM SANGUISORBA, Pimpinella
saxifraga.
POTESTAS COEUNDI
■52
FOULS
POTESTAS COEUNDI, Potentia coeundi— p.
Generandi, Potentia generandi.
POTEX, AnuH.
POTUOMOR'PIIA PELTA'TA, Pothomor'phe
peltd'ta, (pothos, and nop(jiT), 'shape,') Caapeba [?].
A Brazilian plant, Order, Piperaceae, which is
possessed of diuretic properties, and has been
given in strangury.
PoTHOMORPHA Umbella'ta, dIso Called Caa-
peba [?], is used in Brazil to modify nutrition, as
in glandular affections, in which it is also given
externally in the form of decoction.
POTHOS FOETID A, Dracontium foetidum— p.
Putorii, Dracontium foetidum.
POTIMOS, Potable.
POTIO, Drink, Haustus, Potion — p. Calcis
carbonatis, Mistura cretae — p. Effervescens anti-
emetica, Potion of Riverius — p. Leniens, Looch
ex ovo — p. Oleosa, Looch ex ovo — p. Picea, see
Pinus sylvestris.
POTION (F.), Potlo; from poto, 'I drink.'
JTydnole, Bi/drolite. A liquid medicine, from 4
to 8 ounces or more in quantity, the composition
of which varies, and which is administered in di-
vided doses. It corresponds to the English mix-
ture. See Mistura.
POTION PECTORALS, Looch ex ovo.
Potion of Rive'rhis. A mixture of Lemon
Juice and Siibcarboiiate of Potass, — generally
given in a state of effervescence. It is the Putio
effervca'ceiiH aiiti-eniet'ica dicta Rive'rii, of the
Parisian codex. The name in the codex indi-
POTIONIS DESIDERIUM, Thirst.
POT [RON, Cucurbita pepo.
POTIUNCULA, Haustus.
POTOPARANCEA, Delirium tremens.
POTOS, Potable.
POTOTROMOPARANCEA, Delirium tremens.
POTTINGAR, Aiiothecarv.
POTT'S CURVATURE, Vertebral disease.
POTT'S DISEASE, Vertebral disease.
POTUS, Drink — p. Hippocraticus, Claret.
POU, Pediculus.
POUCE, Pollex, see Digitus.
POUCHED, Encysted.
POUCHES, LARYNGEAL, see Laryngeal
pouches.
POUDRE, Powder, Pulvis — p. Ahsorbante et
nnti-acide, Pulvis de magnesia compositus — p.
d'Aliin coniposee, Pulvis sulphatis aluminas com-
positus— p. Antiarthritiqne amere, Pulvis de
amaris compositus — ^j. Antiaathinatiqne, Pulvis
de sulphure et scilla — p. Antimoniale coniposee ou
de James, Antimonial powder — j). Aromaliqiie,
Pulvis cinnamomi compositus — p. d'Anarum com-
posee dite slernntatoire, Pulvis asari compositus
— p. Balsaniique, Pulvis rayrrhae compositus — p.
de Birvkmunii, Pulvis de aro compositus — p. de
Blaiicheiiieut, Calcis chloridum — p. de Caniielle
eomponee ou aromatiqne, Pulvis cinnamomi com-
positus— p. Cnstillon, see Powders, Castillon — p.
Gathartique, Pulvis scnmmoneae compositus — p>-
Gaustique dn frere Cusnie, Powder, arsenical, of
C6me — p. de Chypre, see Cladonia rangiferrina —
p. dn Comte de Palme, Magnesiae carbonas — p.
Cornachine, Pulvis cornachini — p. de Come bra-
lee avec opium, Pulvis cornu usli cum opio — p.
Colon, see Collodion — /). de Craie composee, Pul-
vis cretae compositus — p. de Craie coviposee avec
opium, see Pulvis cretae compositus cum opio — p.
de Dower, Pulvis ipecacuanhae compositus — p. da
Due de Portland, Pulvis Ducis Portlandiae — p.
de Dnpuytren, Powder of Dujiuytren — p. Gaxi-
fere laxative, Powders, Seidlilz — p. Gazifere
timple, Powders, sod:i— p. dc Govime adragant
composee, Pulvis tragacanthae compositus — p. de
Gomme gntte, Pulvis e gummi guttS, — p. Hydra-
(]ogue, Pulvis e gummi gutta— p. Incisive, Pulvis
de sulphure et soilla — p. d' fpecacuanJia et opium,
Pulvis ipeeacuanhie compositus — p. de Jalap
coniposfe, Pulvis Jalapiu compositus — p. de Kino
compoHee, Pulvis kino compositus — p. de la Mi-
raudole, Pulvis Ducis PortlandiiK — p. de Pfrard,
Pulvis de senna, scammonea. et lignis — p. de
Qiiercetaiiua, Pulvis e gummi gutta — p. de Roun-
selot, Powder, arsenical, of Come — p. de ^Saiut
Aiige, Pulvis asari coiujjositus — p. de iSaron reyt'-
tale, Pulvis gummosus alkalinus — p. de Scammo-
nSe composee, Pulvis scaminoneae compositus — p.
de Scdlitz, Powders, Seidlitz — p. de iSene compn-
see, Pulvis sennas comp. — p. de Seniintlli, Mag-
nesiae carbonas — p. Styptique, Pulvis suliihutia
aluminae compositus.
POUDRE SUBTIL DE DELCROIX. A
fashionable depilatory " for removing superfluous
hair in less than ten minutes." It is said to con-
sist of $in"c/.7/Hie and Sidphuret of Arsoiic, \i'\\\i
some vegetable powder. — Paris.
POUDRE TEMPERANTE DE STAHL,
Pulvis de sulphate potasste compositus — p. de
Tennant, Calcis chloridum — p. de Valentini, Mag-
nesiae carbonas — p. VeriiiifiKje mercurielle, Pulvis
e sulphureto hydrargyro nigro et scammonio — p.
Vermifuge sans laercure, Pulvis ex helminthocortu
compositus.
POUDRE DE Z WINGER, Magnesia car-
bonas.
POUGUES, MINERAL WATERS OF. These
alkaline waters are in the department of Nievre,
France. 'They contain carbonic acid, carbonates
of soda, lime, and magnesia; chloride of sodiuiu;
alumina, and silica, with protoxide of iron.
POUKE, Papula.
POU LA IN, Bubo.
POU LET, VIN DE (F.) Pxdlvt Wine. A
disgusting preparation, made by infusing the ex-
crement of the pullet in white wine. According
to Nysten, it is employed by the vulgar in France
in a number of diseases, and especially iu falLs,
contusions, Ac.
POULIOT, Mentha pulegium.
POULS, Pulse — p. Abdominal, Pulsus inferior
— p. des Adnltes, Pulse, natural — p. Agile., Pulsus
fortis — p. lias. Pulse, low — p. Capital, PuL'-e,
nasal — p. Combine, Pulse, complex — p.CiDiiptique,
Pulse, comfilex — p. Compose, Pulse, coniple.x — /).
Concentre, Pulse, contracted — p. Defiillaitt, Pul-
sus deficiens — p. Deprime, Pulse, depressed — p.
DeveloppS, Pulse, developed — p. de la Diorrhie,
Pulse, intestinal — p. Dnr, Pulse, hard — p. Elere,
Pulse, ardent — p. Emharrasse, Pulsus intricatua
— p. de V Estomac, Pulse, stomachal — p. Etroit,
Pulsus strictus — j). de V Expectoration, Pul.-C,
pectoral — p. Faible, Pulse, feeble — p. dii Foie,
Pulse, hepatic — p. Grand, Pulse, large — p. /nsim-
sible. Pulsus deficiens — p. Inlcrcadent, Pulse, in-
termittent— p. des Intestins, Pulse, intestinal — p.
Languissant, Pulse, languid — p. Lent, Pulse, slow
— ]}. de la Matrice, Pulsus uterinus — p. Jlnderi,
Pulse, natural — p. 3lou, Pulse, soft — p. de Nrz,
Pulse, nasal — ;). Ondoyant, Pulse, undulating —
p. Ondiilant, Pulse, undulating — p. Pdlpiiiml,
Pulse, tremulous — p. Parfait, Pulse, natural — p.
Petit, Pulse, small — p. Plein, Pulse, full — /'.
PrScipite, Pulse, frequent — p. Profond, Pulse,
deep — p. Prompt, Pulse, sharp — p. Rare,V\ihv,
slow — p. Rebondissant, Pulsus dicrotus — p. Re-
double, Pulsus dicrotus — p. des Regies, Pulsus
uterinus — p. Roide, Pulse, tense — p. Serraiile,
Pulsus serrinus — j>. Serrf, Pulse, contracted — p.
de la Sueur, Pulsus sudoralis — p. Tardif, Pulse,
slow — p. Tendu, Pulse, tense — p. Tremblatit,
Pulse, tremulous — p. de I' Urine, Pulsus urinalis
— p. Vehement, Pulsus fortis — p. Ventral, Pulsus
inferior — p. Vide, Pulsus vacuus — p. Vif, Pulse,
sharp — p. Vite, Pulse, sharp.
rOULTICE
POX
POULTICE, Cataplasm. For different poul-
tices, see Cataplasm and Cataplasma.
POUNCP], Sandarac,
POUND, LUnn, Litrn, )^tTpa, Pnri'Io, Bn-
ge'did ((if twelve oz.), Buivht'ilin, (F.) Llvre,
from ])iiii(ii:re, 'to weigh.' A weight, consisting
of twelve ounces Troy, — sixteen ounces avoirdu-
pois. See Weights and Measures.
POURD-MILK, Colostrum.
POURPIHR CULTIVE, Portulaca.
POiJRPRR, Purpura—/). lUanc, Miliary fe-
ver— /'. lie C'lsHi'iis, Purple of Cassius.
POURRITURE, Putrefaction— p. d'H^jntal,
Hospital gangrene.
POUS, Pes.
POUSSE, Purs in ess.
POUSSE E, Lichen.
POUSSIERE TUnERCULEUSE(Y.), ' Tu-
herculous Dust.' A name given by MM. Rilliet
and Barthez to fine white or yellow minute points
of tuberculous matter occurring in myriads, so as
to he likened to dust.
POUSSIF, see Pursiness.
POW, Head.
POWDER, Pulvis.
PowDKH or iFjTnio'pTA, Guy's. A onco cele-
brated anthelmintic, which consisted of pure
raxpcd tin, mercury, and aulphur, triturated to-
gether.
PoWDKR OP Aloks, CoMPonNn, Pulvis aloes
compositus, Pulvis snlphatis nluminic compositus
— p. of Aloes with canella, Pulvis aloes cum ca-
nellS, — p. Alum, compound, Pulvis sulphntis
alumina; compositus — p. Antimoniul, Chenevix's.
Antimonial powder — p. Aromatic, Pulvis cinna-
moini compositus.
PowDKii, Arsen'ical, of C6^fR, CCme's ponnJer,
(F.) Poiiilre cdiiatiqne du frire (Insme ou de Rotts-
eelot — a caustic — is formed of arsorious acid, gr.
X; red aidplntret of mercury, gr. xl ; powdered
animal chitrcanl, gr. x. It is made into a paste
with mucilage.
PowDBR, Auskn'ical, op JusTAMONn, is made
by melting siilphitret of antimony ]6 parts;
arseniona acid 1 part, in a crucible. When the
mass is cold it must be reduced to powder, and
five parts of extract of opium be added.
PownKR 01'' Arum, compound, Pulvis de aro
compositus — p. of Asarabacca, compound, Pulvis
asari compositus — p. of Bladder- wrack, yellow,
Pulvis quercils marinaj — p. Bleaching, Calcis
chioridiiin — p. Camboge, Pulvis e gummi gutia —
p. Cardinal del Lugo's, Cinchona — p. Castillon,
see Powders, Castillon — p. of Catechu, compound,
Pulvis Catechu compositus — p. of Chalk, com-
pound, Pulvis cretao compositus — p. of Chalk
with opium, compound, Pulvis cretse compositus
cum opio — p. of Cinnamon, compound, Pulvis
oinnamomi compositus — p. CSme's, Powder arse-
nical of Come — p. of Contrayerva, compound,
Pulvis contrayervaj compositus — p. Countess's,
Cinchona — p. Countess of Kent's, Cantianus pul-
vis— p. Cyprus, Hibiscus abelmoschus — p. Do-
ver's, Pulvis ipecacuanha compositus.
POWDRR OF DUPUYTRKN (CaUSTIC;) (F.) PoH-
dre de Diipuytren, formed of 1 part of arsenious
acid and 200 parts of mild chloride of mercury.
A mild and manageable caustic for causing an
eschar on exposed surfaces, and in lupus, Ac.
PownKR, Earl of Warwick's, Pulvis corna-
chini — p. of Etliiopia, Powder of ^Ethiopia.
PowDKR OF Faynard. A Celebrated powder
for arresting hemorrhage, said to be nothing
more than the charcoal of beech wood finely pul-
verized.
PowDKR, Fever, Schwaxbeug's, Antimonial
powder.
48
PowDER-FoLDF.R, In Pharmacy, an appnrntus
by which papers containing powders are folded
of the desired length.
PowDKR. GiNGKu-BEKR, 866 Awomum Zingiber
— p. (Jout, Duke of Portland's, Pulvis Ducis Port-
landiiB — p. Gray, Hydrargyrum cum crcta — p.
of burnt Hartshorn with opium, Pulvis cornu
cervi cum opio — p. of Ipecacuanha, compound,
Pulvis ipecacuanhas compositus — p. of Jalaj),
compound, Pulvis jalapae compositus — p. James's
factitious, Antimonial powder — p. Jesuit's, Cin-
chona— p. of Kino, compound, Pulvis kino com-
positus.
Powder, Knox's. A disinfecting preparation,
composed of eight parts of chloride of aodium,
and three parts of chlorinated li)ne. An ounce,
dissolved in a tumblerful of water, forms a solu-
tion of proper strength.
Powder of Lkmoxade, see Lemonade — p. of
Magnesia, compound, Pulvis de magnesia com-
positus— p. of the Marquis, Marchionis pulvis —
p. Mead's, against the bite of a Mad dog, Pulvis
antilyssus — p. Myrrh, compound. Pulvis inyrrhae
compositus — p. Portland, Pulvis Ducis Portlandi;*?
— p. of Rhubarb, compound, Pulvis rhei compositus
— p. Saline, compound, Pulvis salinus compositus
— p. of the three Sanders, see Dhitrium — p.
Scammony and aloes, Pulvis scammonii cum aloe
— p. Scammony, compound, Pulvis scnmmoiii:c
compositus — p. of Senna, compound, Pulvis son-
naj compositus — p. Sneezing, see Veratrum album
— p. Spruce beer, see Spruce beer — p. of Sympathy,
Sympathetic powder — p. Talbor's, Cinchona- —
— p. Tcnnant's, Calcis chloriduin — p. Tonquiii,
Pulvis cobbii — p. Tooth, Dentifrice — p. Tra-
gacanth, compound, Pulvis tragacantbas compo-
situs.
Powder, Vien'na, is composed of equal parts
of quicklime and potassa cum calce. In using
it, it is made into a paste — Vienna pa^te, (F.)
Cauatique de Vienne, Pate Cauatique de Vienne —
— with spirits of wine, and is applied on the dis-
eased part, previously circumscribed by a hole
cut in a sticking plaster.
To be left on from 10 to 20 minutes, according
to the depth of the eschar required. Used in
cases of lupous ulceration.
By fusing the potass and lime, and raising the
heat so as to cause ebullition, the caustic may be
run into cylinders: — when it is called Cauatique-
Filhoa, Coua'ticum Viennen'se fuaiini Filhua, frum
the name of the author of the process.
Powders, Castillon, or Castilhon, so called
from the name of the physician who first proposed
them. They are formed of aaijo, in powder ; sa/ep,
in powder; tra(/acanth, in powder, each, four
parts ; prepared oyster-ahelh, one part, cochineal,
half a part, divided into powders of one drachm
each ; one of which is given three or four times
a day as a demulcent in diarrhoea and dysentery.
Dorvault mriVes poudre de Castilhon synonymous
with arrow root.
Powders, Soda, Pnl'verea efferveacen' tea, (F.)
Pondres ffaziferes simplea. (Sod(B carb. ^ss, in
each blue paper; tartaric acid, gr. xxv, in each
tnhite paper; for half a pint of water.) A ])leasant,
cooling drink; taken during the cfi'ervesceiice.
Seidlitz Poirdera, (F.) Poudres gazifcrea la.ra-
tivea ou Poudrea de Sedlitz, contain one or two
drachms of tartrate of potassa and soda, added
to the alkali in blue paper.
POWER, Faculty — p. Inherent, Irritability —
p. Sensorial, see Sensorial — p. Tonic, Irritabilitv.
POX. Syphilis, Variola — p. Chicken, Varicella.
Pox Doctor, Syphilidiater.
Pox, French, Syphilis — p. Grease, see Grease
— p. Horn, see Varicella — p. Noddle, Svpliiloui!*-
nia — p. Small, Variola — p. Swine, see Varicella
— p. Water, see Varicella.
rOZZUOLI, MINERAL WATERS OF 75 4
PREDISPOSITION
POZZUOLI, MINERAL WATERS OF. Poz-
zhkH is in the neighbourhood of Naples. The
springs are, 1. Aqua della pietra. Temp. 91° Fah.
2. Acqiin di C<ivalc(fnti, Temp. 100°. A. di siib-
veni h(im!)ii, Teiup. 102° ; A. del caiitarello, Temp.
86 to 89°; and that of the Temple of Serapis in
Pozzuoli, Temp. 102 to 107°. The last contains
carbonic acid, carbonates of lime, magnesia, alu-
mina, and iron, carbonate of soda, chloride of
sodium, sulphate of lime, and silica.
PRACTICE OF PHYSIC, Therapeutics.
PRACTITIONER, GENERAL, Surgeon apo-
thecary— p. Irregular, see Irregular — p. Regular,
see Regular — p. Routine, Routinist.
PRiE. In composition, means 'before.'
PR^BIUM, Dose.
PR^.CAUTIO, Prophylaxis.
PR^CIPITANS, Absorbent— p. Magnum,
Sepia.
PR^CIPITATUM ALBUM, Hydrargyrum
prreoipitatum.
PRJECIPITATUS RUBER, Ilydrargyri ni-
trico-oxydum.
PR^CISIO PR^PUTIL Circumcision.
PRjECOCIA, Prunus Armeniaca.
PRECOCITY, Precocity.
PR^COGNITIO, Prognosis.
PRi-ECORD'IA, from prce, and cor, cordis,
' the heart.' The diaphragm ; also, the thoracic
viscera, and the epigastrium.
Pn^cOR'DiAL or PREConniAL Regton, Re'gio
prmcordinca seu prtEcordici'lia, is the epigastric
region. Also, and more properly, the region of
the heart. A line drawn from the inferior mar-
gins of the third ribs across the sternum, passes
over the valves of the pulmonary artery a little
to the left of the mesial line, and those of the
aorta are behind them, but about half an inch
lower down. A vertical line, coinciding with the
left margin of the sternum, has about one-third
of the heart, comprising the upper portion of the
right ventricle, on the right, — and two-thirds,
comprising the lower portion of the right ventri-
cle and the whole of the left, on the left. This
is the prfBCordial region.
PR^CORDIUM, Fossette du cceur — p. Pedis,
Metatarsus.
PRiEGOX MATURITAS, Precocity.
PR^CUSTODIA, Prophylaxis.
PR^DIASTOLICUS, Prediastolic.
PR^DICTIO, Prognosis.
PR^EUISPOSITIO, Predisposition.
PR^DIVINATIO. Mantia.
PRyEDOMIN'IUM, from pros, and domo, domi-
fiim, ' I subdue.' Predominance of one thing over
another.
PRyKDOMiN'iuM AqdjE. A predominance of
watery fluid, — Tenu'kas aqno'sa.
PR*D0^fINIUM San'gitinis Artkrio'si. A pre-
dominance of arterial blood, Arterios' itaa aan'-
guinin.
Pr^domin'ium San'guinis Veno'si, Venos'itaa
Sau'giiiuis. Predominance of venous blood.
PRiEFOCATIO, Orthopncea, Suffocation — p.
Faucium, Angone — p. Matricis, Angone — p. Ute-
rina, Angone.
PR^FOCATION, Strangulatio uterina.
PR^.FORMATIO, Preformation.
PRiEGNANS, Pregnant.
PRiEGNAS. Pregnant.
PR^GNATIO, Fecundation, Pregnancy.
PR.EGNATUS, Fecundation, Pregnancy.
PRiEGNAX, Pregnant.
PR^(}USTATIO. Aimnf-gout.
PR^HENSIO, Prehensio.
PRyELIN'GUA. The anterior part or tip of
the tonarue.
PR^LIUM, Coition, Press, Tourniquet— p.
Arteriale, Tourniquet.
PR;ELUMBARTS, Prelumbar.
PR.ENOTIO. Prognosis.
PR^EXUNTIATIO, Prognosis.
PR^PARATIO, Preparation— p. Chyli, Chy-
lification.
PRiEPARATUM, Preparation.
PR.EPOTEN'TIA, from pr(B, and jwh-nt,
' powerful,' Great power or strength.
Ph.45poten'tia Viri'lis. Great, or too great
procreative power on the part of the male.
PR.fEPOTIO, Propoti.Muus.
PRyEPUTIALIS, Preputial.
PRyEPUTlUM, Prepuce.
PR.-ESAGIUM, Mantia.
PR.^SCIENTIA, Prognosis.
PRyESCITIO, Prognosis.
PRyESCRIPTIO, Prescription.
PR^SCRIPTUM, Prescription.
PRvESEPIOLUM, Alveolus.
PRiESEPIUM, Alveolus.
PR^>SKRVATIO, Prophylaxis.
PRyESERVATIVUM, Amuletum.
PR^.SERVATO'RIA INDICA'TIO. A pre-
servative indication ; one proper for preventing
the develo))nient of disease.
PRiESERVATORIUS, Prophylactic.
PR^.SPINALIS, Prespinal.
PRyETIBIALIS, Pretibial.
PRAIRIE BUSH, STINKING, Ptelca trifo-
liata — p. Pines, Liatris.
PRASINUM VIRIDE, Cupri subacetas.
PRASINIIS, Porraccous.
P R A S I ' T E S, from prasium, ' horehound.'
Wine in which the leaves of horehound have
been infused.
PRASIUM, Marrubium.
PRASUM, Allium prasum.
PRAXIS, Action.
Praxis Mkd'ica. The practical exercise of
the healing art.
PREASER, Rennet.
PRECIPITATE, RED, Ilydrargyri nitrico-
oxvdum — p. AVhito. Hydrargyrum pra>cipitatnm.
PRECIPITA'TION; Pr(Fc!p!iu'l!n, (F.) Pri-
cipite, from prmcipitare, prmcipitatiim, {]>rm, and
caput, 'the head,') 'to throw Iteadlong.' The ac-
tion by which a body abandons a liquid in which
it is dissolved, and becomes deposited at tlie bot-
tom of the vessel. The matter, so thrown down
or precipitated, is called a precipitate.
PRECIPITATION BE LA MATE ICE, Pro-
cidentia uteri.
PRECIPITE BLANC, Hydrargyrum praBci-
pitatum — p. Noir, see Ilydrargyri pxydum cinc-
reum — p. Oxydnm, ;?«?•»«, Ilydrargyri nitrieo-oxy-
dum — p. Rouge, Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum.
PRECOCITY, Preco'ciouHnem, (F.) Pr(v<,cit(,
Prmciix matu'rilas, Matii'rity preco'ciouH, from
pree, ' before,' and coquere, 'to cook.' Rapid de-
velopment before the usual time. See Proeolia.
PRECORDIAL, Preecordial.
PRECUR'SORY, PrcBcnrso'riua. (F.) Precur.
seur, from pree, and ciirro, ciiraum, 'I run.' That
which precedes.
Prkpiir'sory or Prkmon'itory Signs or Symp-
toms, (F.) Sit/nes precurscurg ou premnnitniren,
S. nvnnt conreurs, are those which indicate an
approaching disease.
PREDIAS'TOLIC, PratdiastoVicun, from prtr.,
and diastole. That which precedes the diii.«fole
of the heart, — as 'prediastolic friction sound.'
PREDISPONENT or PREDISPOSING
CAUSES, see Causes, predisponent.
PREDISPOSIT"ION, Prmdisposifio. Semi,,'-
ia morlto' rum (Gaubius) ; from ^^cff, and dispo-
nerc, dispositum, 'to dispose.' (F.) /wmiuence
marbide. That constitution or condition of the
body, which disposes it to the action of disease
PREDORSAL
TREGNAXCY
under the application of an exciting cause. Thus,
in hereditary diseases, the conformation is such,
that but a slij^ht exciting cause may be required
to produce them. When tlie disease arises solely
from the predisposition, or under the additional
influence of an extremely slight exciting cause,
it is, by some, termed a diHponition,
I'KEDOR'SAL, PrcB'luma'lis, from prcB, and
dorsum, ' the back.' That which is in front of
tlie back.
Pk.kdorsal Region of the vertebral column is
the anterior surface of the dorsal region.
rilE-VORSO-ATLOfDIEN, Longus colli.
PRE-BOltSO-CEliVICAL, Longus colli.
PRE-EXISTENCE OF GERMS, see Pre-
formation.
PREFORMA'TION, Pra-.forma'tio, from prm,
'before,' waA formntin, 'forming.' An ancient
theory of generation, which maintained that the
germ of every part exists, but not visibly, before
fecundation, and that fecundation occasions their
development. It was the doctrine of pre-exint-
eiice of f/eniia.
PREG'NANCY, Prmgna'tio, PrcBgna'tus, hn-
prmi/iKi'tii), liif/rnvida'ti'i, from /jr<B, and genere,
'to beget;' Hi/nteroci/e'nis, Gravid' itas, G. nte-
ri'na, En'cymoii, Oi/e'nis, Eneye'sia, En'cyaia,
Eiicynio'si'a, Gynpho'ria, Gesta'tion, Fteta'tion,
Jugravida'tioii, Utero-rjeata'tinn ; (F.) Grosaense.
Tlie state of a female who has within her a fecun-
dated germ, which gradually becomes developed in
or out of the uterus. When placed in the cavity of
the uterus, — by virtue of the vital principle which
animates it, it becomes attached to the inner sur-
face of that viscus, and obtains from it indirectly
the nutriment necessary for its gradual develop-
ment, during the space of ten lunar months or
two hundred and eighty days — the ordinary term
or duration a{ ycatatiou, although the period may
be protracted to 300 days or upwards, — at the
expiration of which parturition occurs. Preg-
nancy is commonly limited to a single foetus: at
times, the uterus contains two or three. — See Re-
production. Occasionally, one or two moles — the
degenerated products of conception— alone occu-
py the uterus: — at other times, a foetus likewise
exists. In certain cases, and owing to accidental
circumstances, the fecundated ovum remains in
the ovarium, or is arrested in the F;illopian tube.
Pregnancy has, accordingly, boL'u distinguished
into, 1. Ndtnral or uterine, when the foetus is
carried in the cavity of the womb : and, 2. Pre-
ternatural or extra-uterine, Er/teta'tion. Concep'-
tio vitio'sa, Paracye'iia seu Ercye'sis, Ecthyitero-
cye'sis, EchthyRterocye'-iin, Dyato'cia, Dyaeye'aia
seu Gravid' itna extra-nteri' nn, (F.) Gronsi-aae con-
tre-nature, — when it occurs in the ovarium, tube,
or cavity of the abdomen.
During pregnancy, the female experiences re-
markable changes in the condition of her organs
and functions. The genital apparatus is, of
course, most affected. The uterus changes its
shape, situation, size, and texture. The usual
signs of pregnancy are, — suppression of the cata-
menia; the abdomen grailually enlari;ing and
foruiing a hard tumour: the umbilicus prominent
in tlie latter months: the breasts increiising in
size : the areola round the nipple becoming darker
and the follicles more developed: kyestein in the
urine from an early period; a bluish tint of the
vagina after the fourth week; about the fifth
month, the evidence by haUottemeut, the pla-
cental aouffie, and the sound of the fatal heart
heard on auscultation ; the motion of the fwtus
perceptible, and the neck of the uterus dimin-
ishing in length at the advanced periods.
PrkgnanTV, Abdom'iVAI,. Ecry^'aia uhdomiiin'-
li$, C\elinri/c'aia, Gravid'itaa abdoiniiia'fis, (F.)
Grnssesae nhdominale. That in which the ovum
has escaped into the cavity of the abdomen.
Pregnancy, Afce'tal, Pregnancy tcilhout a
fatua, (F.) Groaaeaae afvetale ou sans fwtna.
Pregnancy produced by a fiilse or degenerate
conception, or any other affection, which has
given place to unusual development of the uterus.
Madame Boivin includes in tliis class, sarco-liya.
teric, hydro-hyateric, gazo-hyateric, and heinato
hyateric pregnancies.
PllEGNANCr, Bigkm'inAL, (F.) Groaaeaae higi--
minule. Double pregnancy. Pregnancy in which
there are twins in utero. — Madame Boivin.
Phegnancy, Complex, (F.) Groaaeaae com-
plcxc, G. inter-extra uterine, is when the womb,
besides a foetus, contains much water, hydatids,
a mole, <fec.
Pregnancy, CoMPOtTND, Pohjhreph'ia, P'dy-
cye'aia, Polycye'aia, (F.) Groaaeaae compoaec, is
when there are two or three foetuses in the cavity
of the uterus.
Pregnancy, Double, Pregnancy, bigeminal —
p. Duration of, see Pregnancy — p. Extra-uterine,
see Pregnancy.
Pheg'nancy, False, Gravid'itaa spuria, (F.)
Groaaeaae fauaae ou npparente, Paendncye'aia.
Authors have thus called different affections of
a more or less serious character, which resemble
pregnancy; so as, at times, to impose upon the
best-informed practitioners. These diseases may
be seated in the uterus or its dependencies, in
the intestines or some other part of the abdomen.
They may be; — a mole, hydatids, water, blood,
or polypus distending the parietes of the uterus;
— chronic enlargement of the uterus; develop-
ment of tumours, &c., in its substance ; — scirrhus;
dropsy of the ovaria; ascites; tympanites, <tc.
Pregnancy, Fcetal, (F.) Groaaeaae fietalc.
Pregnancy in which there is a foetus, or more
than one, in the uterus or out of it. Madame
Boivin puts in this class — the aolitary, higetuinol,
tri(/emin(d, and aarco-ftt'tal pregnancies, which
form the first order; and the tubal, orarial, and
abdominal, which constitute the second.
Pregnancy, Gazo-hyster'ic, (F.) Groaaeaae
Gazo-hyaterique. AfiBtal pregnancy, caused by
development of air or gas in the cavity of the
womb. — Madame Boivin.
Pregnancy, ILemato-hysteric, (F.) Groaaeaae
hrinato-Jtyateriqne. Afoetal pregnancy, caused
by accumulation of blood in the uterus. — Madame
Boivin.
Pregnancy, IlYnno-nYSTERic, (F.) Groaaeaae
hi/dro-hi/aterique. Afcetal pregnancy, occasioned
by the secretion and accumulation of serous fluid
in the uterus.
Pregnancy, Interstit"ial, Gravid' itaa in
vferi subatan'tid seu interatitia'lia. The develoj)-
ment of the embryo in the proper substance of
the uterus. The case gener:illy termimites fatally
at an early period of gestation ; the thin external
paries of the uterus being ruptured, anil the ovum
passing into the abdominal cavity.
Pregnancy, .MoRnin, Paracye'aia, Dyato'cia,
Di/acye'aia. The proirress of pregnancy disturbed
or endangered by the supervention of general or
local disorder. — Good.
Pregnancy, Oya'rian, (F.) Groaaeaae ovnrienne
ou de I'ocaire, Ecrye'aia ova'ria, Oilrioeye'aia,
Oocye'ais, Gravid'ilaa n'teri seu extra-uteri'ua in
ora'rio. Pregnancy in which the foetus is de-
veloped in the interior of the ovary.
Pregnancy, Plea of. A plea, which a wonmn,
capitally convicted, may set up in arrest of exe-
cution until she is delivered. See Jury of Ma-
trons, and De ventre inspicien<lo.
Pregnancy. PuETENn'Kn. The crimiml act
of a female, who, not having heen delivered, pre-
sents an infant as having been born of her. (F.)
PREGNANT
756
TRESCRIPTION
Supposition de part. (This term, in French,
likewise includes the case of a female, who, hav-
ing been delivered of a dead child, substitutes for
it a living child which is not hers.)
Pregnancy. Sarco-f(etai>, (F.) Groesesae sar-
co-f'etiile. Pregnancy in which there are one or
more foetuses, and one or more moles. — Madame
Boivin.
Pri:gnancy,Sarco- Hysteric, (F.)C)'o»«psse snr-
co-hji^teiique. Afoetal pregnancy formed by moles,
hydatids, or a false conception. — Madame Boivin.
Pregnancy, Sol'itary, (F.) Grossense solitaire
ou simple. Pregnancy in which there is a single
foetus. — Madame Boivin.
Pregnancy, Trigem'inal, (F.) Grossense tri-
gSminale ou triple. Pregnancy in which there
are three fcetu.ses in the cavity of the uterus. —
Madame Boivin.
Pregnancy, Tubal, (F.) Gropnesse tvhaire,
Eecye'sis titba'lis, Gravid'itas tnbit'ria. Preg-
nancy where the foetus remains and is developed
in the Fallopian tube.
Pregnancy, Uterine, see Pregnancy.
Pregnancy, ITtero-abdom'inai., (F.) Grossesse
ntero-abdomiiiale. Pregnancy consisting of two
foetuses; one in the uterus — the other in the ab-
dominal cavity. — Madame Boivin.
Pregnancy, Utero-ova'rial, (F.) Grossesse
iitiro-ovarienne. Pregnancy with two foetuses,
one in the womb, the other in the ovary.
Pregnancy, Utero-tcbal, (F.) Grossesse nte-
ro-tubaire. Pregnancy in which there is at the
same time a foetus in the womb and another in
^the Fallopian tube.
PREGrNANT, PrcBffnans, Prmrinns, Prmgnax,
Fetus, Foetus, Eucar'pos. Grav'ida, Plena mu'lirr,
Jnciuc'ta, Gravid, Brerdiii;/, (Old Eng.) Benlinij.
Same etymon. (F.) Encfiute. One in a state of
pregnanev : — one with chiM.
PREHENSIO. Catalepsy, Epilepsy.
PREHBN'SION, Prehen'si,,, from prehendere,
prehension, 'to lay hold of.' The act of laying
hold of.
Prehension of Food is the act of seizing and
carrying it to the mouth, and introducing it into
that cavity. It is, also, called Assump'tio, Pro-
aiep'sis, Pros'phora.
PB^LE, Hippuris vulgaris.
PRELOMBAIRE, Prelumbar.
PRELOMBO-PUBIEN, Psoas parvus—/).
Trochnnlin, Psoas magnus.
PRELUM, Press — p. Arteriale, Tourniquet.
PRELUM'BAR, Pralumba'ris, (F.) Prelom-
haire, from pra., and luinbl, ' the loins.' That
which is placed before the loins. The prelumbar
surface of the spinal column is the anterior sur-
face of the lumbar portion.
PREMfERES rOfES, Prirase viae.
PREMOLAR, see Molar teeth.
PREMONITORY, see Precursory.
PRENAN'THES. Gall of the Earth, Dewitt
Snakeroot, Lion's Foot. There are many species
of this indigenous plant, whose root and milky
juice are very bitter. They are used in popular
practice in dysentery; and in the form of cata-
plasm to bites of serpents.
Prenanthes Alba, Nabalus albus — p. Serpen-
taria, Nabalus albus.
PRENDRE INSCRTPTTON, see Matriculate.
PREP AR ATE ( VETNE), see Facial vein.
PREPARA'TION, Pra-pam'tio, from prce.
and pnrare, paratnm, 'to get ready.' The act of
making ready any substance whatever that has
to be employed for any purpose.
Also, the product of any pharmaceutical ope-
ration ;— Pratpara'tum.
Any part of the human body, preserved for the
uses of the anatomist, is so called.
PREP'UCE, Prcepn'tium, Epagn'glum, Posthl
Pella, Pos'thlnm, Pn'tium, Foreskin. The pro.
longation of the integuments of the penis, which
covers the glans. The prepuce is composed of
two membranous layers: one external or cuta-
neous; the other internal or mucous, separated
by areoliir membrane. The mucous ineiiiiirnno
lines the inner surface of the cutaneous layer till
beyond the glans, when it is reflected over ttio
latter; forming, behind the corona, a small c\d.
de-sac above the corpora cavernosa, which is in-
terrupted by a triangular duplicature of the nui-
cous membrane, called the frcpnum, fi.\ed in tiio
furrow at the inferior part of the glans, ami ter-
minating at a little distance from the orifice nf
the urethra. The clitoris is covered by a semi-
lunar fold formed by a continuation of the skin
of the labia. It is called Prippu'tium clitor'idis.
PREPU'TIAL, Prcspntia'lis. Belonging ..r
relating to the prepuce; — as the ' prcjiulial se-
cretion,— or that which takes place from tiic lining
of the prepuce covering the glans.
PRESBYODOCTIIUM, Gerocomium.
PRESBYON'O.SI; from Tpcapvi, 'old,' and
voaui, ' disease.' Diseases of old age.
PRES'BYOPE, Presby'tes, (F.) Preshytc, from
TTpts/ivs, 'old,' and wxl/, 'the e)'e.' One who is
long-sighted or affected with presbyopia.
PRESBYOPIA, Presbvtia.
PRESBYO'PIC, Presbyo'picns, Preshyt'ic,
Presby'ticus. Relating or belonging to presbyopia
or long-sightedness.
PRESBYSPHACELUS, Gangrene of old
people.
PRESBY'TIA, Presbyo'2>ia, Amblyo'pia pmr-
imo'rum, Visns seni'lis, Pres'byopy, (F.) Viie
lanr/ue ; from nptilivTris, 'an old per.'^on.' A very
high degree is termed Hyperbre^by'tia. A con-
dition of vision, common in old persons, which
consists in the circumstance of near objects being
confusedly seen, whilst those at a greater dis-
tance are clearly distinguished. It is supposed
to depend generally on diminution of the convex-
ity of the cornea; whence results an alteration in
the convergcncy of the rays, so that they form a
focus behind the retina, 'this defect is remedied
by the use of convex glasses, which augment the
convergence of the luniinons rays. It is, also,
called Lon</-sif/htedness, Far-sit/liledness, Parop'-
sis lonf/iu'qtia, Dyso'pia proximo' nun.
PRESBYTIC,' Presbyopic.
PRE.SCRIP'TION, PrcBScrip'tio, Jnnfi'rnphe,
from pro", and scribere, scriptunt, ' to write ;' For'-
mnln, F. med'ica, Sihed'ida, Prmscrip'tuni, Prce-
scrij/tio med'icn, Recep'tnm, (F.) Fornnilc. Or-
donnance. The formula which the physician
writes for the composition of medicines adapted
to any case of disease. A prescription shoidd lie
as simple as possible, and should bear upon its
face the evidence of the objects to be fulfilli'il by
it. No article should form part of it, unless
adapted for serving some useful purpose. A com-
pound prescription has been divided into fiiur
parts: — the /jfco'i or principal inj^rediont of the
prescription ; the ad'juvans, or that which is de-
signed to promote the action of the former: the
cor'rif/ens, or that intended to correct its opera-
tion, or obviate any unpleasant symptom which
it may be apt to produce; and the eonstii'uens,
e.rcip'iens or vehic'uluin, C'instilu'ent, Exrij/'iriit
or ve'hlcle, the substance which gives to the other
ingredients consistence or form. All these arc
seen in the following formula for cathartic pills;
Aloes J5j Basis.
Hyd. Chlorid. Mit. gr. x Adjnrnus.
Olei Carui gtt. V Corri'/ens.
Syrupi q. s Constiliicns,
M. et tiant pilulae xx. See Symbol.
PRESCRIPTION
757
PRESYSTOLIC
It is obvious, however, thnt most prespriptions
are more simple thnn this. The basis, for exam-
ple, may require neither adjuvant, corrigent, nor
constituent.
Dr. Paris has given the following sj-nopsis of
the principles of incdicin.nl combination, lomntit-
tiij-{"f<)i/"i<i, Iifmiit()Hiintttx!nhiii"\n, Are form' uhis
iiied'icaH cDuriiiii'iii'tli, which may serve as an
instructive guide to the prcscriber : —
OBJECT I.
TO PUOMOTE THE ACTION OF THE BASIS.
A. By combining the several different forms or
preparations of the same nuhstnnpe. /I. By com-
bining the basis with substances which are of the
same nature; i. e., which are individually capa-
ble of producing the same efTcots, with less ener-
gy than when in combination with each other.
C. By combining the basis with substances of a
d!ff<>rent nntnre, and which do not e-xertany che-
mical influence upon it, but are found by expe-
rience, or inferred by analogy, to be capable of
rendering the stomach or system more suscepti-
ble of its action.
OBJECT II.
TO COlinECT THE OPERATION OP TITE BASIS BY OB-
VIATING ANY UNPLEASANT EI-TECTS IT MIGHT
BR MKELY TO OCCASION, AND WHICH WOULD
rRnVERT Its INTENDED ACTION, AND DEFEAT
THE OBJECT OF ITS EXHIBITION.
A. By chi/nn'cnl!)/ neutralizing or mecTtnnicaVy
separating the offending ingredient. B. By add-
ing some suVistance calculated to guard the sto-
mach or system against its deleterious effects.
OBJECT III.
TO OBTAIN THE JOINT OPKDATION OF TWO OR MORE
MEDICINES.
A. By uniting those medicines which are cal-
culated to produce the name nllininte results, but
by modes of operation totally different. /?. By
combining medicines which have entirely differ-
ent powers; and which are required to obviate
different symptoms, or to answer different indi-
cations.
OBJECT IV.
TO OBTAIN A NEW AND ACTIVE REMEDY, NOT AF-
FORDED BY ANY SINGLE SUBSTANCE.
A. By combining medicines which excite dif-
ferent actions in the stomach and system, in con-
sequence of which Dew or macUfied renuft/i are
produced. Ji. By combining substances which
have the property of acting c/ii/iin'cnl/i/ upon each
other; the results of which are: — a. The forma-
tion of new compounds ; b. The decomposition
of the original ingredients, and the development
of the more active elements. C. By combining
substances, between which no other change is
induced than a diminution or increase in the «o-
hihUity of the principles in which their medicinal
virtues resiile. a. By the intervention of sub-
stances that act cfn/iiiicaUi/. h. By the addition
of ingredients whose operation is entirely me-
chanical.
OBJECT V.
TO AFFORD AN ELIGIBLE FORM.
A. By which the efficacy of the remedy is en-
hanced, li. By which its anpert or favour is
rendered more agreeable, or its mode of adminis-
tration more convenient. C. By which itis/)je-
srrred from the spontaneous decomposition to
which it is liable.
[The vocabulary in the nnlhor's "Medical
Student/' Philad., 1844, will aid the student not
only in translating, but in writing bis prescrip-
tion? ninre Ho/ito.l
PRESENTA'TION, from (Lat.) pra'senn, (prtu,
'before,' and ens, entis, 'being.') The part of a
foetus which is felt presentinf/, on examination
per vor/inain. When the head presents, and es-
pecially the vertex, or the feet, knees, or breech,
the presentation is said to be natural; when any
other part, preternatural ; and the labour is styled
perverse or preternatural, Paroflyn'ia sen Dys-
lo'cia perver'sa, Cross-hirth, (F.) Accouchement
centre natnre. When any part besides the head,
feet, knees, or breech presents, the operation of
turning becomes necessary. See Parturition.
PRESERVATIVE, Prophylactic.
PRESIS, Swelling.
PRESLE, Hippuris vulgaris.
PRESMA, Swelling.
PRESPI'NAL, Prcespina'lis, from prcB, and
»p{na, 'the spine.' That which is situate before
the spine. The prespinal surface of the vertebral
column is the anterior surface.
PRESS, Prce'lhini, Prce'linm, Presso'riiim, Pi-
ester, Pieste'n'on, (F.) Pressoir, Presse, from ^)!'e-
mere, pressvm, ' to squeeze.' An instrument for
subjecting matters to considerable pressure, for
the purpose of separating th6 liquid from the
solid portion.
Press of IIerophilus, Torcular Ileropbili.
PRESSE-AllTEllE, Serre-vceud de I)es.
champs, Serre-Artere. An instrun)ent invented
by Desehamps for the immediate compression of
arteries. It is composed of a plate six or seven
lines long, and three broad, and of a rod or stem
two inches long, placed perpendicularly above
the plate and riveted. At each extremity of the
plate is a hole, through which each of the ends
of the ligature, to be placed upon the artery, is
passed. The ligature is then to be tightened by
drawing the ends, and fixing them to the perpen-
dicular rod. This presse-artPre or serve arfere,
surrounded with charpie, remains in the wound,
until there is no longer danger of hemorrhage.
The ligature is then cut, and the instrument
withdrawn. It is an unnecessary instrument.
PPESSE-l'PETHIlE, Jiu/nm Penis. A kind
of forceps of elastic iron, the branches of which,
padded, may be approximated or separated by
means of a screw. The penis is introduced be-
tween the branches, <ine of them being applied
to the urethra, and the screw is tightened so as
to exercise a degree of pressure sufficient to bring
theparietes of the canal in contact. This instru-
ment is sometimes used in incontinence of urine,
to prevent the constant discharge of that fluid.
PRESSIO, Pressure.
PRESS/ON ABDOMINALE, Pressure, ab-
doininal.
PPlEF!SOIR, 'Press— p. d'BiropMe, Torcular
Heropbili.
PREPSORTITM, Press.
PRESSURE, Pres'sio. from premere, presaum,
'to press.' The action of pressing.
Pressure, Abpom'inal, (F.) Pression ahdomi-
nale. A mode of examination bj' means of which
the sensibility, size, suppleness, or hardmss of
any morbid abdominal viscus may be eom)iared,
in these respects, with its healthy condition.
Bichat proposed, with the view of exploring the
state of the thoracic organs, to exert a pressure
from below upwards on the abdominal organs, so
as to crowd them n])on the diaphragm, and thus
to diminish the dimensions of the cavity of the
chest, noticing to what extent respiration was
affected by this action. No great information
can of course be derived from it.
PRESYS'TOLIC, Prcesystol'icus, from pra,
'before,' and systole. That which precedes the
PRETENDED DISEASES
PRINOS
contraction of the heart — as " jpreaystoUc friction
sound."
PRETENDED DISEASES, Feigned diseases.
PKETIB'IAL. Pratibid'lio, from pros, and
tihin.^i\\e tibia.' That wtiich is situate before
the tibia; as the ilio-pretibial and ischio pretibial
muscles.
PREVENTIVE, Prophylactic.
Pueven'tive, Royal, from prcevenire, prasven-
tiim, {prcE, and venire,) Mo come before.' An
empirical preparation, used as a prophylactic
against the venereal virus. It is a solution of
acetate of lead, — the Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis
dilutus.
PREVER'TEBRAL APONEURO'SIS. The
aponeurosis which covers the muscles of the pre-
vertebral region.
Prevertebral Arteuy, (F.) Artere preverti-
hrnlc ou meni)i/jieiiue ^)o«/e)-/e»fe. A ramus of
the meningeal branch, and sometimes even of the
trunk, of the pharyngeal artery, which is dis-
tributed to the prevertebral region.
Prevertebral Muscles, see Cervical region,
anterior — p. Region, Cervical region, anterior.
PRIAPEIA, Nicotiana rustica.
PRIAPIS'COS. Same etymon as the next.
Name of a piece of wood which forms part of the
scninintni Hippoeratieiim. Paulus of jEgina calls
thus a tent of linen shaped like a penis.
PRIAPIS'MUS. Teiiti';/o, T. Penis, Pri'npism,
Jloni-colic (vulg. ), Eiita'sia Friapin'mns, lihopa-
lin'mns, Sati/ri'nuis, iSli/iiia, Sli/sis, from Ilpiairo?,
' Priapus.' Constant and distressing erection,
■without any voluptuous idea or desire for venery.
It is often symptomatic; and sometimes the im-
mediate result of morbific causes, — of the action
of cantharides, for example. The application of
cold liquids to the penis, and the internal use of
opium and camphor, are the means usually had
recourse to for its removal.
PRIAPITIS, Phallitis.
PRIA'PUS, Miitnit'niis. In ancient mythology
the deity who presided over gardens and the parts
of generation, so called propter deformitatem et
memhri virilia magnitiidinem.
Priapus, Penis — p. Cervi, see Cervus — p. Ceti,
Leviathian penis.
PRICKET, Sedum acre.
PRICKING, Sax. ppiccian, (D.) pricken,
(F.) Pieotetnent. A variety of pain, compared to
that which pointed bodies would occasion.
PRIDE OF CHINA, Melia azedarach — p. of
Indiaj, Melia azedarach — p. Tree, Melia azeda-
rach.
PRIDEWEED, Erigeron Canadense.
PRIEST-PHYSICIANS, see Asclepiadis.
PRIEST'S PINTLE, Arum maculatum.
PRIM, Ligustrura vulgare.
PRIMA CELLA COLI, C.-Ecum.
PRIMiE VI^, (F.) Premieres voiea. 'The
first paxsiujes.' The stomach and intestinal
canal: — the lacteals being the serioi'dffi j)i'<8 or
' secnnd prixsru/es.' See Ways, digestive.
PRIMARY CELL, see Cell.
PIUMEVERE, Primula veris.
PRIMIP'ARA, Primiprn-tu'riens, (F.) Primi-
prire, from primus, 'first,' and pnrere, 'to bring
forth.' A name given to a female who brings
forth for the first time.
PRIMIPARTURIENS, Primipara.
PRLMI-STERNAL, Primi-sternn'Us, from^n-
vius, 'the first,' and sternum, 'the sternum.' M.
Beclard has called o« primi-sterncil ou cluvi-ster-
ttal, the bonv portion of the sternum.
rRIMIT''I.E, from ;hi)»h«, 'first.' The /rsf
writers, or the waters discharged before the ex-
trusion of the ffjetus.
PRIMITIVE BAND, see Nerve fibres — p.
Streak, Groove, primitive.
PRTJIORDIAL CELL, see CelL
PRIMORDIUM, Arche.
PRIMROSE EVENING, (Enothera biennis
— ]). Tree, Q'^iiiothcra biennis.
PRIMULA OFFICINALIS, P. veris — p. Va-
riabilis, P. veris.
PniJi'uLA Veris, P. offiiina'lis sou vnriuh'His,
from prim'uliis, 'first.' So called, bemuse it
flowers in the beginning of the spring. ]'iriiiH'.
cuhim, ParaV jjsis, llcrba pariilys'eDS sou paralyl'-
ica, the Coivslip, Paiyil or Peiiyle, I/erb Peter,
Polsyioort, (Prov.) Cow-striplings, Cinc-stropple,
Crewel, (F.) Primevere, Ilerbe d la parali/sie,
Flenr de coucoii, Oreille d'onrs, lirairette ; Ord.
Primulaceaj. Sex. Sijsf. Pentandria Monogynia.
The flowers have been considered to be mildly
tonic, antispasmodic, and anodyne.
Primula Vulga'ris. The leaves and roots of
this plant have boon used as sternutatories.
PRINCE ARTHUR'S FARINACEOUS
FOOD, see Farinaceous.
PRINCEPS, Rectum.
Princeps Cervi'ois (Artery) Cervieal Artery.
A branch of the occipital artery, which dcsccnils
between the splenius and complexus muscles, and
may be followed down to the lower part of the
neck.
Princeps Pol'mcis (Arterin), Arte'ria maijna
j)ol'licis. When the two collateral arteries of the
thumb take origin from a common trunk — tlio
trunk is the Prineeps pnllicis.
PRINCIPE CRYSTALLIZABLE DE BE-
ROSNE, Narcotine — p. de la Melauose, see
Choroidea tunica. ^
PlilNCIPES IMMEDIATS, Principles, im-
mediate.
PRINCIPIUM, Arche, Element — p. Aoidifi-
cans, Oxygen — p. Adstringens, Tannin — |). Byr-
sodepsicum, Tannin — p. Coriaceum, Tannin — p.
Hydrogeneticum, Hydrogen — p. Hydroticuni,
Hydrogen — p. Oxygenans, Oxygen — p. Salivale,
see Saliva — p. Scytodepsicum, Tannin — p. Uri-
nosum, Ilrea.
PRIN'CIPLE, COL'OURING, OF THE
BLOOD. A name, given to the immediate prin-
ciple in animals, to which the blood owes its red
colour. It is solid, inodorous, and insipid. AVhcn
recently separated from blood, it has a purple-red
colour. When distilled, it furnishes, amongst
Other products, a purple oil. It is insoluble in
water; but, if diluted with that liquid, acquires
a vinous-red hue. It communicates a red colour
to the albumen of the blood, and aff'ords, on ana-
lysis, iron, to which the colour has been ascribed.
See Haiinapha?in, and Hajmatin.
Principle, Digestive, Pepsin — p. Vital, see
Vital principle.
PRINCIPLES, IMME'DIATE, (F.) Prineipet
immidiats, Jfaterianx imniediats. A name given
to a considerable number of substances, composed
of at least three elements, and which are obtained
from animals and vegetables without alteration,
by simple processes, and, in some measure, im-
mediately.
Principles, Immediate, op Animals, Proxi-
mate principles, Orr/anic Elements, Componnds
of Orqanizdtion. These are divided into acid
principles, fatty principles, and principles which
are neither fat nor acid. The first include the
vric, rosacic, jnirpuric, allantoic, caseic, biityne,
Ac. The fatty principles are: — stearin, ela^
cholesterin, &c. ; and the last division inclunpa
the most important compounds of organization:
— fibrin, e/elatin, albumen, casein, osnanorne, &C.
Principles, Proximate, P. immediate.
PRINOS (of the ancients). Ilex aquifolium.
Prinos, p. verlirilla'tns. Alran'na major Ititi-
fo'lia denta'ta, Aquifo'lium fo'liis de.cid'nis, Pri-
nos Grouo'vii seu padifo'lius, Black Alder, Vit'
PRION
•59
PROCESSUS
giiit'ri or Whotled Whtterherry, Feverhimh, (F.)
Ap'il'ichine <! /euillen de Pniitier. Oid. Aquifo-
lincese. Sex. Sijxf. Ilexandria Mono^^ynia. The
bark of this coiniuon shrub of the United States
— Priiios, (Ph. U. S.) — is astrinj^ent, bitter, anil
pungent. The berries are, likewise, bitter. The
bark has been used as a substitute for the cincho-
na, in interniittents, and as a tonic.
Prinos Glabbr, see P. laevigatus — p. Gronovii,
Prinos.
PniNos L.«viga'tus, Smooth Winterherry, and
PiiiNOS GiyABKii, Iiikberry. Indigenous; have
the same properties as
Prinos Padifolius, Prinos.
PRION, Saw.
PRIONO'DES, from rpiwi/, 'a saw,' and ciho?,
'shape' Serra'ted. Applied to the sutures of
the head.
PRIOR, 'first, foremost,' as
PlllOR Anniila'ris, /itteron'spun qiinrtim of
Winslow. An internal interosseous muscle which
arises from the outside of the metacarpal bone
of the ring-finger, and is inserted into the outside
of the tendon on the b.ack of the ring-finger.
Its use is to draw the ring-finger outwards.
PllIOH In'diC'IS, Exteii'sor ter'tii intcrno'dii iii'-
di'cii, (F.) Soiin metacarpo-titterl-phdiingien. It
arises from the outer or radial side of the meta-
carpiil bono of the fore-finger, and is inserted into
the outside of the tendon on the h;ick of the fore-
finger. Action: — to draw the finger outwards,
towards the thumb.
PiiioR I.VDicis PEniR, Adductor Tn'dicin pediR.
An external, interosseous muscle of the foot,
which arises from the contiguous sides of the
metatarsal bones of the great and fore toes, and
is inserted into the inside of the root of the first
bone of the fore-toe. Action : — to pull the fore-
toe inwards.
Prior Mudii, Prior medii digiti.
Prior Me'dii Dio"iti, Prior 3fedii, Second
interoa' neons of Douglas. An e.vternal, interos-
seous muscle of the hand, which arises from the
corresponding sides of the metacarpal bones of
the fore and middle fingers, and is inserted into
the outside of the tendon on the back of the
middle finger. Action: — to draw the middle
finger outwards.
Prior Mkdii Digiti Pedis, Addnctor medii di-
giti pedin. An internal, interosseous muscle of
the foot, which arises from the inside of the me-
tntarsal bone of the middle toe, and is inserted
into the inside of the root of the first bone of the
middle toe. Une : — to pull the middle toe in-
wards, or towards the inner side of the foot.
Prior Min'imi Dioiti, Addnc'tor min'imi diij"-
iti. An internal, interosseous muscle of the foot,
which originates from the inside of the metatar-
sal hone of the little toe, and is inserted into the
inside of the root of the first bone of the little
toe. Action : — to pull the little toe inwvtrds.
Prior Tehtii Digiti Pkdis, Addnc'tor tertii
di(j"iti pedin. An internal, interosseous muscle
of the foot, which arises from the inner and un-
der part of the metatarsal bono of the third of
the small tops, and is inserted into the inside of
the root of the first bone of the third of the small
toes. Action: — to pull the third of the small
toes inwards.
PRTSf,'^. Rrvffmus, Trepanning.
^HI.«?MA, Scobs.
T*RYSM[TS, Brvsmus, Trepanning.
PRIVATE PART.*!, Genital organs.
PRIVET. Tiigustrnm vulgare.
PRIVITIES, Genital organs.
PRIVY, liigustrnin vulgare — p. Members, Ge-
nital organs — p. Parts, (ienital organs.
PRO. itpo, 'before.' A common prefi.K to words,
as in Procutarctic, Prostate, itc.
PROAGOREUSIS, Prognosis.
PROIjAX(j, Sponije-probfing, Detrnso'rium ex
hale'na. Allied to probe. A long slender rod of
whalebone, with a piece of sponge at its extremity,
intended to push down extraneous bodies, arrested
in the oesophagus, into the stomach. A similar
iiistrument is called by J. L. Petit, liepoitssoir
d' a relet.
PROBARBIUM, Geneias.
PROBASCANIUM, Amuletum.
PROBASCANTIUM, Amuletum.
PROBE, Catheterize, Specillum— p. Eyed, see
Specillum.
PROBING, see Melosis.
PROBOLE, Processus.
PROCARDIUM, Scrobiculus cordis.
PROCEDE, Process.
PROCEDURE, Procede.
PROCEPIIALI, Capitones.
PROCERUS NASI, Pyramidalis nasi.
PROVES, Process — p. Ciliaires, Ciliary pro-
cesses.
PROCESS, Apophysis, Processus.
Proc"ess, Ratio, (F.) Procedi, from procedere,
proceisnm, 'to march forwards.' Procedure, —
method of performing any operation, chemical,
pharmaceutical, or surgical.
Process, Cunkiform, Basilary process — p.
Modelling, see Modelling Process — p. of Ran,
see Malleus — p. Vertical superior longitudinal,
Falx cerebri.
PROCES'SUS. A procesK ; same etj'mon ;
Projectu'ra, J'rob'ole, (F.) Proces. An apophy-
sis or eminence of a bone; see Apophysis. Also,
any part which seems prolonged beyond others
with which it is in connexion ; as the Ci/iary
jirocesucK,
Processus Anconeus, Olecranon — p. Annu-
laris, Pons Varolii — p. Ascendens, sec Maxillary
bone, (superior) — p. Belenoides. see Belenoid — p.
Blumenbachii, Unciform process — p. Cau<Iatus,
Lobulus caudatus — p. a Cerebello ad meduUam
oblongatam, Corpora rostiformia — p. Cerebelli ad
pontem. Peduncles of the cerebellum — p. Cere-
belli ad testes. Peduncles of the cerebellum — p.
Cerebri lateralis, Cornu ammonis — p. Ciliares,
Ciliary processes — p. Clavatus, see Funiculi gra-
ciles — p. Cochleariformis, see Tympanum — p. Cu-
neiformb ossis occipitis, Basilary process — p. En-
siformes, see Sphenoid bone — p. Enteroidei cere-
bri, Convolutions (cerebral) — p. Falciformis
cerebelli, Falx cerebelli — p. Falciformis duraj
raatris, Fal.x cerebri — p. Frontalis, see Maxillary
bone, (superior) — p. Gracilis of Ran, see Malleus
— p. Laterales uteri, Tubse Fallopianae — p. Ma-
millares, Papillaj of the kidney, Olfactory nerves
— p. Mnmillares cerebri. Mamillary tuliercles — p.
Mastoideus, Jlastoid process — p. Nasalis, see
Maxillary bone (superior) — p. Olivaris, Olivary
Process — p. Orbicularis cerebri, Infundibulum
of the brain — p. Papillares, Olfactory nerves — p.
Papillarum, Olfactory nerves — p. Rachidianns,
Medulla spinalis — p. Sterni xiphoideus. Xiphoid.
PiiOCES'sus Ter'etes, Eminen'tia; seu Fascic'-
tdi ter'etes. Two slightly convex bodies forming
the anterior wall or floor of the fourth ventricle
of the brain. They are separated by a longitu-
dinal groove, which is continuous, inferiorly, with
the sulcus longitudinalis posterior of the spinal
cord. They are crossed transversely by several
white and gray fasciculi — lineee tnaisrcr'sif, itrice
mednllit'ren — the origin of the auditory nerves.
Processus ad Testes, see Valvula Vieussenii
— p. Transvcrsus duriv matris. Tentorium — ]).
Uncinatus, Olecranon, Unciform process, see Co-
racoid process — p. Uvifer, Uvula — p. A'entriculi,
Duodenum — p. Xiphoides, Xiphoid cartilage —
PROCIIEILA
CO
P R (E 0 T I A
r. Xipho-stcrnalis, Xiphoid cartilage — p. Zygo-
uiiilicus, Zvs^omatic process.
PROCllkELA, Anteliibia.
IMKiCHErLIDION, Procheilon.
PHOClIKt'LOX, ProcheHld'lon, Pi-oln'hium,
A'tlcld'hitiiii, from pro, aiicl ;^£iXo{, 'a lip.' The
f xtreine projocting part or margin of the lips.
PROCIIl'iUMA, Parenchvina.
PliOafDENCE BE L'iElL, Exophthalmia.
PR(3CrDEMTIA, Pn.lai)sus — p. Ani. Procto-
cele— p. Intestini recti, Proctocele — p. Iridis, Sta-
]>hyloma of the Iris — p. Oculi, Exophthalmia —
]i. Sedis, Proctocele — p. Uieri, Prolapsus uteri.
PROCXEME, Tibia.
PROCXE.MIUM, Tibia.
PROCGS'LIUS, Pn>cu''h(n, froin;j)-o, and icoiAia,
' liolly.' One who has a large pendulous ab-
douien.
PROCrELUS, Procoelius.
PROCON'DYLUS. Trpo<ov<)v\o;, from pro, and
Kiv^uXoi, 'a linot.' The first joint of the fingers;
t le second being called kovSvXos; the third licra-
PROCREATIO, Generation — p. Sanguinis,
llicrnatosis.
PROCREATIOX, Fecundation, Generation.
PROC'TAGRA, from rrpuicroj, 'anus,' and aypa,
'seizure.' Gout in the rectum. Proctalgia.
PROCTAL'GIA, Prov'ficn fiimplex, Proc'tn-
ijra. Dolor aui, Proctotlyn' in. from irpuKroj, 'the
anus,' and aXyo;, 'pain.' Pain in the anus: ge-
11 i-rally symptomatic of disease, as of hemorrhoids,
.'icirrhus, Ac.
PuocTALGiA, Chinesia — p. Iliieniorrhoidalis,
][;emorrhois — p. Inflammatoria, Rectitis — p.
I'ltertriginosa, Chafing — p. Rheumatica, Proc-
torrhenina.
PROCTATRE'SIA, Imprr/ora'tlo aiii, from
TTpioKTOf, 'the anus,' and arpriaia, ' imperforation.'
Imperforate state of the anus.
PROC'TICA, from rrpwicrof, 'the anus.' Pain
or ilerangeraent about the anus, without primary
inflammation. A genus in the class Cieliacn,
order Enterica, of Good.
PiiocTiCA Ex.VNiA, Proctocele — p. Marisca,
Jliemorrhois — -p. Simplex, Proctalgia — p. Tenes-
luns, Tenesmus.
PROC TISIS. Proctitis.
PROCTI'TIS, Proc'tish, Archi'fis, Chiue'sia,
Ci/^tio'tlK. from npmKTog, ' the anus,' and itix, de-
noting inSamination. Inflammation of the anus
anil rectum. Rectitis.
PnocTiTis Ganoii/E\osa, Proctocace.
PROCTOC'ACE, Proctl'tix (fniir/rce'nosa, from
r / jxruj, ' rhe anus,' and kuko;, ' evil.' A disease
of the rectum, so called by Fuchs, which, accord-
in'j; to hiin. is common in Peru, in the neighbour-
h >od of Quito and Lima, on the Honduras and
M )squitn coasts, in Brazil, and on the Gobi coast,
&■•: It is called by the Portuguese, Blcho, and
Jli'cho d! Onlo ; by the people of Quito, Mai del
V'dle, fr')m its prevalence in the valleys; and in
Africa, Bitiox de Kis. It is an adynamic, inflatn-
luatory condition, frequently ending in gangrene.
It has been attributed to bad food, and the use
of spices.
PROCTOCE'L'R. from Trpuicro;, 'the anus.' and
ktX??, 'hernia.' Prol'tp'aiii Ani, Proctopto'mit,
J'roctopto'nin, Procto'sis, Hedrocc'le, Arrhenpto'-
iii'i, Arch ecpto' inn. Arrhnpto'ma, Archeoee'le, Ar-
c!iopto'«ii, Ern'iiia, HcBmor' rhois proce'dens seu
ah exn'nid. Prociden'tlit Ani seu intenti'ni recti
peu sedin, Ecto'pin Ani, Seden procid'na, Fallinff
down of the Fiuid'iiiient, Coming down of the
Body, (F.) Chute dn rectnm, C. da Fondement,
It'oniemement dn rectum. Inversion and prolapse
of the mucous coat of the rectum, from relaxation
of the sphincter, with more or less swelling. In
the treatment, the application of cold water and
astringent lotions must be recommended: nnd
if other means fail, one of the radii of skin, which
converge at the anus, may be snipped ofl". On
cicatrizing, the verge of the anus will bo con-
tracted, and the cure probal)ly complete. In the
way of palliation, the parts may be retained by
an appropriate bandage.
PROCTOCYSTOTOMIA, sec Lithotomy.
PROCTODYNIA, Proctalj^ia.
PROCTON'CUS, from TTfiotroi, 'anu.s,' nnd
oyKiia, ' swelling.' Swelling of tlie anus.
PROCTOPARAL'YSIS, Pn^dophUjia, PnmV.
ysit Intesti'ni Recti, from ttpuktos, 'the anus,' and
^apaXvaii, 'paralysis.' Paralysis of the muscles
of the rectum.
PROCTOPLEGIA, Proctoparalysis.
PROCTOPTOMA, Proctocele.
PROCTOPTOSIS, Proctocele.
PROCTORRIIAGIA, ILcmorrhoidal flux.
PROCTORRIIEU'MA, from Trpu-cros, 'anus,'
and pcu/<fi. 'defluxion.' Rheumatism of the anus.
PROCTOllRIIOi'A, from irfii^sKTou 'the anus,'
and pcd), 'I flow.' A discbarge of blood or slime
from the anus. See Ilaemorrhois.
PROCTOS, Anus.
PROCTOSIS, Proctocele.
PROCTOSPASMIIS, Tenesmus.
PROCTOSTENOSIS ORGANICA, Stricture
of tlie rectum.
PROCTOTOREU'SIS, from jrpw/cr»5, 'anus,'
and TOjtvtiv, ' to perforate.' Perforation of a closed
anus.
PROCTUS, Anus.
PROCURATIO ABORTUS. The promotion
o.f abortion.
PRODIAGNO'SIS, from pro, and dia/pinnia.
Prognostication of a disease to come, — a diag-
nosis bv anticipation.
PROD'ROMIC, Prodrom'icux, (F.) Prodro.
mifjue. Same etymon as the next. Relating, or
beloniring, to the prodromus of a disease.
PROb'ROMUS. Propath'iii, from pro, and
ipoiMi, 'course,' (F.) Prodrome. Sla'diitm op-
portnnitn'tis seu prodromo'rnm ; in contagious
diseases, Sta'dium Inten'tis contn'gii. The period
immediately preceding an attack of disease; in
which the preeurHory eir/iii occur.
PROD'UCT, frotri prodncere, prodnctum, {pro,
and dncere, ' to lead,') • to bring forth.' (F.) Pro-
diiit. The result sought to be attained by any
pharmaceutical operation.
PRODUCTIO, Prolapsus— p. Uvula; \ pituita,
Staphvlnedema.
PRODUC'TIOX, Prodnc'tio; same etymon.
This word is used, especially by the French,
synonymously with prohnujntion. The mesentery
is, in this sense, a production of the peritoneum.
PRODUCTION ACCIDENTELLE. An ac-
cidental or adventitious structure.
PRODUCTIVITAS, Fecundity.
PROntlTT, Product.
PROEGUMEXiE CAUS^, Causes, predispo-
nent.
PR(ELTUM, Press, Tourniquet.
PRORM'TXEXT, Proem' in ens, from pro, and
eminere, 'to project.' Some anatomists call the
7th cervical vertebra the proeminent vertebra, on
account of the length of its spinous prncces,
which passes the level of that of the neighbour-
in<T vertehrpR.
'PROEXCEPrrALUS,(F.) Proencephfde ; from
pro, and £y/cc0aXof, ' encephalon.' A monster,
whose encephalon is situated, in a great measure,
out of, and in .advance of, the cranium, which is
open in the frontal region.
PRCEOT'IA, Pro'iote.H, Tzputorvf or rpoioTt)!,
from TTp'Ji, ' early.' 'Precocity.' Prmrox tnnlu'.
rit'iH, Preeo'eiouD mntn'rity. Premature develop-
meat of sexual organization or power. — Good.
PROFLUVII CORTEX
7G1
PROLES
PROFLUVII CORTEX, Ncriuin antidysente-
rieuin.
PROFLU'VIUM, Discharge, Fliixiio, Polijr-
rhie'ii, t'hij- ; from projlno, (pro, &i\A Jlxw,) 'I flow
furlli.' A term umlcr which — in the jjlural, Pro-
Jlii'i'id, P<ifi/i:riiio'iieii — some nosologists have
comprised till morbid discharges or flaxes: —
others, increased excretions attended by (ever.
PiioiM.uvii'M Alvi, Diarrhoea — p. Genitale mu-
liebrc. Menses — p. Mucosum urethrie, Gonorrhoea
— p. Miiliel)re, Leucorriioea, Menses — p. Sangu-
inis, llajiuorrhagia — p. Sanguinis e Ilenibus, Ne-
phrorrhagia — p. Sanguinis ex Ore, Stomatorrhagia
— p. Sanguinis ex Utero, Metrorrhagia — p. Se-
minis, Pollution — p. Ventris, Diarrhoea.
PRO FOND, Profundus.
PKOFUN'DUS, {pro, awl fiindnH, 'bottom.')
AIlM, 'having a deep base.' (F.) Prnfoiid. A
name given to diff"erent parts, which are seated
profoundly as regards others.
Pfu)Fiini)\ Aktk'ri.v Fem'oris, A. vnnta poKte' -
rior seu iiiioiciild'rin fetn'oris, Ai-tere-grande mim-
ciiltilre de la cnisKe. (Ch.) This large brancii
arises commonly from the posterior part of the
crural, between the pubis and lesser trochanter.
It descends deeply, situate before the adductors;
passes through the third adductor above the
opening in it for the trunk of the femoral ; and
terminates in the short portion of the biceps.
The miiHrularin pro/niida gives off, 1. The external
circHiiiflex : 2. The internul circumjlex : and, 3.
The three per/oraiilca.
Pkofunda AiiTK'itiA IIu'meri, p. siipe'n'or,
Arte'ri'ii splra'th, (P.) Arlere humh'ale profoude,
A. ciiUiitenile extente, Grand mnnculnire dii bras,
(Ch.) Its origin is variable. When it arises from
the brachial artery, it is given off opposite the
groove of the humerus destined for the radial
nerve, and descends backwards between the three
portions of the triceps, accompanied by the nerve;
giving bratiches to that muscle and to the hume-
rus. When it reaches the posterior part of the
b jne, it divides into two branches, wliich are dis-
tributed to the triceps, supinator longus, &c.
PuoFi'NDA AiiTEitrA. Inferior seu Minor is
often a branch of the last; but, commonly, is
given off from the brachial, near the middle of
the arm. It gives off branches to the muscles,
4c., about the inner side of the os humeri. It
is, also, called large coinmnnicatiny ulnar or pro-
fundo-nhirir.
Profunda Arteria Penis. Chaussier has
given this name to the cav'emoun ar'teri/. which
arises from the artery of the penis, furnished by
the internal pudic.
Profunda Autkria Superior, Profunda hu-
meri.
Certain muscles are distinguished by the names
profound or deep-sealed, and atiperfifiid. Thus,
wo speak of the anperjicial and deep-seated mus-
cles of the neck, &e. ; the Flexor profundus per-
forann, (fee.
PROFUSIO. Ilicmorrhagia.
Propusio Aqu.«. The discharge or breaking
of the waters at birth.
Propusio Sanguinis, Ilneraorrhagia — p. Sc-
ininis, Ejaculation — p. Subcutanea, Purpura
("implex.
PROdAS'TOR, from pro, and yaarnp, 'belly.'
One who has a iiendulous belly.
PROOF XIES. Epigone.
PROOENY, Epigone.
PROOLOS'SIS, from pro, and ■y'Xia<T<xn, 'the
tongue :' Apex limjucp.. The extremity or tip of
the tongue.
PRO(iNA'TIIOUS, from pro, and yvaOos. 'the
jaw.' Having a projecting jaw. A term applied
tu the form of tho head iu which there is a pro-
longation or forward extension of the jaws, as in
the negro.
PROGNO'SIS, Pro'dgoreu'sis, Prorrhe'sis,
Pr(B<o'jni't"io, Prognos'tice, Pripno'tio, Preeniin-
tia'tioyPrcBieien'tia, PrcBScit"io, Pronve'a, Propll'-
(tsis, Pradic'tio, (F.) Prognostic, Pninontic, from
pro, and yvwais, ' knowledge.' A judgment formed
by the physician regarding the future progress
and termination of any disease.
Prognosis, Gkneral. The opinion formed
of a disease in the abstract. Thus, the Gene-
ral prognosis of Ci/nanche tonsillaris is favour-
able ; — of Phthisis pidinonalis, unfavourable,
&o.
Prognosis, Particular. The opinion formed
of any particular case of disease, 'iihe particular
prognosis of one case of tyjjhus, for example, may
be favourable, whilst that of another may be un-
favourable.
Prognosis ex Lingua, Glossomantia.
PROGNOSTIC, Prognosis.
PHOGN'OSTIOE, Prognosis.
PROGRESSIO, Augmentation.
PROGRESS/ON, Walking.
PROGRESSUS, Augmentation.
PUOIOTES, PrsBotia.
PHO.JECTURA, Process.
PROLAUIUxM, Procheilon.
PROLAP'SUS, from prol<d>or, prolapsus, (pro,
and labor, lapsus. ' to slide,') ' I slip down.' Pro-
cideii'tia, Delap'sio, Di:l<ip'sus, Hi/por' rliysis,
Propto'iJia, Propto'sis, Prodnc'tio, Propenden'tia,
Proniinen'tia, Ptosis, Casus, (F.) Chute; a pro-
trusion; a falling down. A genus of diseases in
the class Locales and order Ectopice of Cullen,
distinguished by the falling down of a part
through the orifice with which it is naturally
connected.
Prolapsus Ani, Proctocele — p. Bulbi oculi,
Exophthalmia — p. Corne;i}, Staphyloma of the
cornea — p. Iridis, Ptosis iridis — p. Linguae, Glos-
socole, Paraglossa — p. Gisophagi, Pharyngocele
— p. Palpebraj, Blepharoptosis — p. Pharyngis,
Pharyngocele— p. Umbilici, Exoinphalus.
PllOLAPSUS U'teri, Exome'tra, Metropto'sis,
Metropropto'sis, Orthi/steropto'sis, Orthi/steropto'-
nia. Falling dou^n of the womb, JEdopto'sis seu
Prociden'tin u'teri, Hi/steropto'sis, Hi/steroce'le
nnda, (F.) Abaissement ou Chute on Desceute OU
Precipilatio)! de la niatrice. Some use the term
' Procidentia Uteri' for a minor degree of the
affection than prolapsus : — Relaxatiu uteri ex-
pressing the slightest state of all. A falling down
of the uterus, owing to relaxation of the parts
about the utero-vaginal region. In the treat-
ment, the horizontal posture must be insisted
upon ; the injection of astringent substances per
vaginam be advised ; and if the affection be not
remedied by these means, a pessary may be em-
ployed as a palliative, or the operation of Episi-
orraphi/ be performed.
Prolapsus Uvul^, Staphylnodem.a,
Prolapsus Vagi'n.e, Hijsieropto'sis seu Pro-
lapsus uEdoptosis Vagina!, Coleopto'sis, Colpop-
to'sis, Elijtropto'sis — Protrusion of the upper
part of the vagina into the lower. This, like the
descent of the uterus, may be relaxation, proci-
dentia, prolapsus, or complete inversion.
Prolapsus Vesica, Exocyste.
PROLECTA'TIO ; from pro, and legere, he
tun), 'to gather.' Action of separating the finer
parts of a body from the grosser.
PROLEP'TICS, Prolep'tice, from pro, and
Xri;i/?(iia), ' I seize hold of.' A term proposed
by Dr. Laycock to signify the art and science of
predicting in medicine.
PROLEPTICUS, Anticipating.
PROLES, Epigone.
TROLICIDE
62
PROSOrANTRITIS
PROL'ICIDE, Prolictd'iiim, from proles (pro,
and olescere, 'to grow,'), ' ofl'spiing,' and cadere,
'to kill.' Destruction of ofi'spring : a term which
includes fnetioidc as well as infanticide.
PROLIF'IC, ProN/'icus, (P.) J'roUfique, from
proles, ' ofi'spring,' and f(.tcio, ' I make.' That
which has the faculty of engendering. Applied
to uian, and animals, and to their sperm or seed;
as well as to remedies, which, by strengthening
the genital organs, increase the secretion of
sperm.
PROLIG"EROUS, Pro'lfger, ProUg^'erns,
from proles, ' oflspring,' and gero, ' I carry.' That
■which is connected with carrying the offspring.
Proligekous Disc or Layer, Discus prolu/"-
eriis seu vitell'inus. Stratum prolig"eriini, Gonos-
tro'ma, (F.) Disqiie proligerc. A granular la3'er,
situate generally towards the most prominent
part of the ovarian vesicle, in the centre of which
the true ovum or ovule exists. — Von Baer.
PROLONGEMENT liACHIDlEN, Medulla
spinalis — p. Smis-dcci-jiital, Basilar}' process.
PK0MALACTE'RIUM,froni7«-o,and/iaAa£r<ru,
'I soften.' The room, in the ancient gymnasium,
in which the body was softened and anointed.
One of the operations in bathing.
PROM AN US, see Digitus, Pollex.
PHOMETOPIDIA, Frontal bandages.
PROMETO'PIS, Pronietopid'ioH, from 2)ro,
and iitTu>i:ov, ' the forehead.' The skin of the fore-
head.
PROMINENTIA, Prolapsus, Protuberance —
p. Annularis Cerebri, Pons Varolii — p. Corneae,
Ceratdcele — p. Ossis Continua, Apophysis.
PROMINENTIiE ALBICANTES, Mammil-
lary tubercles — p. Semiovalos Medullas Oblonga-
ta, Corpora olivaria.
PROMONTOIRE, Proinontorium.
PROMONTOUIUM, Promontory — p. Faciei,
Nasus — p. Ossis Sacri, see Sacrum.
PROM'ONTORY, Promonto'rium, (F.) Pro-
mnutoire (from pro and mons, motitis, 'a moun-
tain,') seu Tiihcr seu Tidiems' itas 2\i/ii>'paiii. A
small projection at the inner paries of the cavity
of the tympanum, which corresponds to the ex-
ternal scala of the cochlea, and especially to the
outer side of the vestibule.
Promontory of the Sacrum, see Sacrum.
PRONATEUR CARRE, Pronator radii qua-
dratus — p. Grand ou rond. Pronator radii teres —
p. Petit, Pronator radii quadratus.
PRONA'TION, Proiia'tio, from pronus, 'in-
clined forwards.' Anatomists understand, by
pronation, the motion by which the inferior ex-
tremity of the radius passes before the ulna, and
thus causes the hand to execute a kind of rotation
from without inwards.
PRONA'TOR. That which produces the mo-
tion of pronation. This name has been given to
two of the muscles of the forearm.
Pronator Obliquus, P. radii teres — p. Qua-
dratus, P. radii quadratus.
Pronator Ra'dii Qwabra'tus, P. quadratus
seu traiist<ers'us (Winslow) seu radii brevis seu
radii quadratus (Cowper), Quadratus ra'dii, (P.)
Cuhito-radial (Ch.), Petit ou carre pronateur.
This muscle is situate at the anterior, inferior,
and profound part of the forearm. It is flat and
square, and is attached, within, to the inferior
quarter of the anterior surface of the ulna ; and,
without, to the inferior quarter of the anterior
surface of the radius. It produces the motion
of pronation.
Pronator Radii Teres, P. feres sive obli'quus
(Winslow), (F.) EpitrocMo-radial (Ch.), Grand
ou r<))td pronateur. A muscle seated at the upper
and anterior part of the forearm. It is long, flat,
and larger above than below. It is attached,
above, to the inner tuberosity of the humerus and
to the coronoid process of the ulna. Thoncc it
passes obliquely downwards and outward.-!, and
terminates at the middle of the outer surface of
the radius. It causes the radius to turn on the
ulna, to produce the motion of pronation. It
can, also, bend the forearm on the arm, and con-
versely.
Pronator Teres, P. radii teres.
PRONAUS, Vestibulum.
PRONERVATIO, Aponeurosis, Tendon.
PRONCEA, Prognosis.
I'll OX OX CI A TION, Pronunciation.
PROXOSTIC, Prognosis.
PRONUNCIA'TION, Proiium-ia'tio,(Y.) Pro.
nonviation, from pro and tiunriare, ' to tell.' The
mode of articulating or giving accent or utterance
to words.
PROPATHIA, Prodromus.
PROPENDENTIA, Prolapsus.
PROP'ERTIES, PHYSICAL, OF THE TIS-
SUES. These are flea^ibility, extensibility, elas-
ticity, racornissement and inibihitioti.
Properties, Vital. Those which depend upon
the vital force, as contractu' ity.
PROPllASIS, Prognosis.
PROPHYLACTIC, Prophylae'ticus, Diaphj.
lac'tic, Diasus'lic, Synteret'icus, PrcBservolu'riiis,
(F.) P]-ojjIiylactique, from pro, ixnd (pvXaaaui, 'I
defend.' A preservative or jireventive.
PROPHYLACTIC MEDK^INE, Hygiene.
FROFnYL AX'lS,Prop}iyl'a(:e,Proplryl<ic'tice,
Syntere'sis. Same etymon. Praserva'tio, Prce-
cau'tio, Prcecusto'dia. Preservative or preventive
treattntmt.
PROP'OLIS, from pro, and jroXif, 'city ;' lite-
rally, ' that which is before the city.' Ceranthe'-
mus, Commo'sis, Bee-bread. A red, resinous mat-
ter, with which the bees cover the bottom of the
hive. Its fume has been esteemed antiasthmatic.
PROP'OMA, from pro, and 7ro/ia, 'a drink.'
Ancient name of a medicine, composed of seven
parts of honey and four of v^ine. It was drunk
before a meal. — Paulus of jEgina.
PROPORTIO, Symmetry.
PROPOSITUM, Intention.
PROPOTISMA, Mistura.
PROPOTIS'MUS, 7rpoTori<T/iOf. Same etymon.
Prcepo'tio. An ancient name for medicines which
were given to the patients before purging them,
and, in some sort, to prepare them.
PROPRIUS AURIUS EXTERNiE, Retrahens
auris.
PROPTOMA, Prolapsus.
Proi'To'ma Auricula'rum, Parmsthe'sisaudi'-
tAsJlacca, Flap Ear. Lobe of the ear broad,
loose, and pendent from birth. — Good.
Proptoma Scroti, Rachosis.
PROPTOSIS, Prolapsus — p. Palpcbrae, Ble-
pharoptosis — p. Uvula;, Staphyloedcma.
PROPTYSIS, Expectoration.
PRORA, Occiput.
PRORRHESIS, Prognosis.
PRORUPTIO SANGUINIS, Ilsemorrhagia.
PROS, Ttpoi. In composition, this prefix gene-
rally signifies 'in addition to,' 'over and above,'
' besides.'
PROSARTIIROSIS, Diarthrosis.
PROSBOLE, Impression.
PROSCHYSIS, Affusion.
PROSCOLLESIS, Adherence, Agglutination.
PROSECTEUR, Dissector.
PROSECTIO. Anatomy.
PROSECTOR, Dissector.
PROSLEPSIS, Prehension.
PROSODOS, Aditus.
PROSOPALGIA, Neuralgia, facial.
PROSOPANTRA, Frontal sinuses.
PROSOPANTRPTIS, from lirosopanlra, the
PROSOPARALYSIS
7 63
PROTEINOUS
frontal sinuses, and iti's, denoting inflammation.
Inflatnniation of the frontal sinuses.
IMlOSOPARALYSrS. Palsy, Bell's.
PROSO'PIS DULCrS, Ord. Leguininosaj. A
tree of rullier large size, native of Peru. The
fruit — Fac<i}j — is a pod, from 20 to 24 inches
long, containing black seeds imbedded in a white,
soft, flaity sulistance; which last is eaten by the
Linienos with pleasure. — Tschudi.
PROSOPODYNIA, Neuralgia, facial.
PROSOPODYSMOR'PHIA, from irpoai^nov,
' the face,' iv{, ' with difficulty,' and fiop^ri, • shape.'
Malformation or atrophy of the face, — as where
the jirocess of nutrition suffers from diminished
nervous influence.
PROSOPOLOGIA, Physiognomy.
PROSOPOMANTIA, Physiognomy.
PROSOPON, Face.
PROSOPORRIIEU'MA, Rheumath'mua fa'-
ciei, from tt/joo-utov, 'face,' and pti'fia, ' defluxion,'
' rheumatism.' Rheumatism afl'ecting the face.
PROSOPOSrS, Physiognomy.
PROSOPOSPASMUS, Canine Laugh.
PROSOPOSTERNODYMIA, see Cephaloso-
inatodymia.
PROSPERITAS VALETUDINIS, Sanitas.
PROSPIIORA. Prehension.
PROS'PIIYSIS, A<liiai«;;,'t!a, CoalW'io, 'ad-
hesion, adherence, connexion,' from pron, and
0UU, ' I grow.' In a more limited sense, this
word means morbid adhesion of the eyelids,
either between themselves, or with the globe of
the eye; Aiil,i/loble/)Ji'<ir<>ii.
PROS'TASIS, wpocrraais, from irpo, and araats,
'station,' 'superiority, prepondeniuce ;' san)e
etymon as Primlcde. A predominance or abun-
dance of excreiuentitious humour. — Hippocrates.
PROSTATA, Prostate — p. Adenoides, Pros-
tate— p. Bartholini, Cowper's glands in the fe-
male— p. Glandula, Prostate — p. Muliobris, Cow-
per's srlands in the female.
PROSTATyE, Prostate — p. Adenoides, Pros-
tate—p. Glandulosa>, Prostate.
PROSTATAL. Prostatic.
PROSTATA L'GIA, from irpoffrara, 'the pros-
tate,' and uAyoj, 'pain.' Pain in the prostate.
PROSTATAUXE, Prostatoparectasis.
PROSTATE, irpooraru, from npo, ' before,' and
tarriiti, ' I stand.' — 1'iok' t<ita, f. (fhiiidu'lrf, Pros' -
tatcp., P. yliinditlo'na seu adenaidea, J'nras'tafa
iideiioideH seu t/ldiidii/o'sn, Adutnns, Paroa'tntcB,
P. gl'tnd'ula, Tentia minor, Corpiia giniiditlo'sum
seu ylniido'iium seu adenlforme seu (jlandiforme
seu <//<iiidiilo'aHm seu odeiioi'dea, Axuinteii'tes
ylaiidiilce.Ads'titesf/hnidii/o'si ; theProHate glnud.
A glandular, cordiform body, of the size of a
chestnut, situate before the neck of the bladder,
beliind the symphysis pubis, and surrounding the
first portion of the urethra. Its excretory out-
lets, to the number of 10 or 1 2, open into the part
of the urethra tliat traverses it, and pour into it
a whitish viscid iiuinour — Liquor prontnt'iciis —
intended to lubricate the interior of the urethra,
and to serve as a vehicle for the sperm in its
ejaculation.
PftosTATE, Anterior, see Cowper's glands.
PROSTATELCO'SIS, from »oo(7rara, 'pros-
tate,' and 'tAicof, ' an ulcer.' Ulceration of the
prostate.
P/iOSTATES INFEIilFAllES, Cowper's
glands — p. Pelilea, Cowper's glands.
PROSTAT'IC, ProxMt'ifiis, Proa'tatal, (F.)
Primtntiqiie. That which belongs or relates to
the prostate. Winslow has named — Superior
Prosldiir Miincles — ligaments wliich pass from
the pubis to the lateral parts of the prostate. lie,
also, calls — Inferior pnixlulic munchi — the fleshy
fibres, which, i'rom the lateral parts of the urethra,
near its membranous portion, pass to be inserted
into the pubis.
Prostatic BiSEc'Ton. An instrument em-
ployed by Dr. Stevens, of New York, in the bi-
lateral operation of lithotomy. In form it resem-
bles a large olive, with a beak at the extremity,
cutting edges at the sides parallel to its longest
axis, and with a straight handle.
Prostatic Liquor, Liquor prostat'icua. Tie
fluid secreted by the prostate, which mixes with
sperm during emission.
Prostatic i'ortion of the Urethra. The
part of the canal of the urethra included by the
prostate: it is about 15 lines long.
Prostatic Sinus, see Sinus, prostatic.
PROSTATICUS SUPERIOR, Compressor
prostata;.
PROSTATIQVE, Prostatic.
PROSTATI'TIS, h,fl„>,niu,'tio Pros'tala, from
vpooTara, 'the prostiite,' and jVi"«, denoting in-
flammation. Inflammation of the prostate ; whtn
accompanying gonorrhoea, it is the goiwrrho-
prontoti'tit.
PROSTATOCELE, Prostatoncus.
PROSTATON'CUS, Pronfttoce'le, Tumor prot-
tn fa, from vpoaTiiTa, 'the prostate,' and oyKog, "a
tumour.' Swelling of the prostate.
PROSTATOPAREC'TASIS, from zpoarara,
'prostate,' and naptKTctvctv, 'to extend.' En-
largement of the prostate ; also, induration of the
same, Proiit<itoscir'rIiun. Proelataux'e.
PROSTATOSCIRRIIUS, see Prostatoparec-
tasis.
PROSTERNID'IUM, from irpo, 'before,' and
aripvov, ' the sternum.' Any agent applied to the
anterior part of the chest ; a plaster to the breast.
PROSTHESIS, Prothesis.
PROSTIIETA, Subdita.
PROSTIIIUM, Penis.
PROSTOM'IA, Commisnu'rn lnhio'riim ; from
Trpo, ' before,' and arofji/i, ' mouth." The commis-
sure of the lips.
PROSTRA'TION, Proatra'tio vi'rium, (F.)
Prostration dea forces, Abattement. Great de-
pression of strength. Almost total loss of power
over the muscles of locomotion.
PRO'TEA MELIF'ERA. A South African
plant, Nat. Ord. Proteacea;, whose involucra and
flowers, at the time of inflorescence, are filled
with a sweet watery liquid, which contains a
great deal of honey. By inspissation it forms a
delicious sj'rup — Syr'iijms Pro'tea, which is much
used in pulmonary affections.
Protea LEPinocARPON, and some other Pro-
tege, supply the same kind of juice.
PRO'TEAN, Pro'teiform, Proteiform'is, from
Proteus, who could assume various shapes. As-
suming diff'erent shapes.
PROTEIFORMIS, Protean.
Proteiform'is Morbus. A disease which as-
sumes various characters.
PRO'TEIN, Prnteine, Protei'nn, from Ttpmrtvd),
'I take first rank.' A product of the decomposi-
tion of albumen, &e., by potassa. When animal
albumen, fibrin or casein is dissolved in a mode-
rately strong solution of caustic potassn, and tlie
solution is exposed for some time to a high tem-
perature, these substances are decomposed. The
addition of acetic acid causes, in all three, the
separation of a gelatinous translucent precipitate
which has exactly the same characters and com-
position. This is protein. — Mulder.
Protein is the basis of animal and vegetable
fibrin, albumen, and casein, and of gluten, which
have been, consequently, classed under the " pro-
teinaceous nlimentarv principle," by Dr. Pereira.
PROTETNACEOUS, Proteinous.
PRO'TEINOUS, Proteina'ceuua, Proteino'sua,
TROTEINEUX
7 04
PRUNUS ACACIA
(F.) Protehieiix. Of, or belonging to protein; —
as "a proteinous alimentary principle."
PRO TEINE UX, Proteinons.
PROTEXSIONES GLANDULARES, Mam-
ruillnry eminences.
PROTII'ESIS, Pros'thesin, Adjittic'tio, Adjec'-
tio, App(m''tio, ' addition, application ;' from -ngoi,
' in addition to,' and n^ij/ii, ' I put.' That part
of surgery whose object is to add to the human
body some artificial part, in place of one that may
be wanting, lis a wooden leg, an artificial eye, <fcc.
PROTAIESIS, Umbilicus, Kidney.
PIlOTOAZOTArE JDE MEUCURE, Hy-
drargvri nitr;is.
PROTOGALA, Colostrum.
PROTOIATROS. Archiater.
PROTOMEDICUS, Archiater.
PROTOMUS, Dissector.
PROTOPATIIIA, Idiopathia.
PRO'TOPIIYTE, Protopli'yton, from Trpwrof,
'first,' and tpurov, 'a plant.' A vegetable produc-
tion at the foot of the scale; as a cryptogamous
plant, — • H fungus.
PRO'TOPLAST.fromjrpojroj, 'first,'andTX«o-<Ta),
' T form.' A primary formation. A first formed
orgiinized body — the parent of all others.
PROTOSPOROS, Os uteri.
PROTOZO'ON, from npoiTos, 'first,' and ^u-ov,
'an animal.' An animal lowest in the scale ; —
as a monad.
PROTHAHENS LENTIS, Ciliary muscle.
PROTRUSION. Prolapsus.
PROTU'UERANCE, Protubermi'ti'n, Extithe-
yn'tiu, Prominen'ti(i,Excre!icen'iiti, E.ctnheraii'tid,
from pro, 'before,' and tuber, 'a projection.' (F.)
JJusHe. A name given to rough, unequal protu-
berances, seen at the surface of certain organs;
the parietal prnti(beranceii,occipltal protuberances,
oiiiinlar protuberances, &C.
PuoTUBKRANCE, Annitlar, Pons Varolii — p.
Cerebral, Medulla oblongata, Pons Varolii — p.
(\jlindro'iile, Cornu ammonis.
' PROTUBERANTIA, Eminence— p. Annularis
>Villisii, Pons Varolii — p. Basilaris, Pons Varolii
• — p. Cvlindrica, Cornu ammonis.
PROTRUSOR, Detrusor urinae.
PROULI.MATESIS. A word employed by
Forestus for hernia of the stomach [?].
PROUNE, Primus domestica.
PROVENTRIC'ULUS, Bulhua glandulo'sna,
Infntidib' uluin, Second stomach; from vf/o, 'be-
fore,' and ventriculus, ' the stomai^h.' A bulbous
expansion at the termination of the oesophagus,
immediately above the gizzard of birds, the walls
(if which are thickly studded with a layer of
glands or follicles which secrete a digestive fluid.
PROVERBS, MED'ICAL. A proverbial ex-
pression freciuently contains sound sense in its
directions. In medicine, the greatest collection
is in the Re(/iiiien of Health of the School of Sa-
lernum, composed in the 11th century, by John
of Milan. Yet, although good sense is often in-
culcated, we frequently meet with the reverse.
Most of the proverbs are hygienic. The fol-
lowing are a few.
1. Qn' apres la soupe un coupe d'excellent vin
Tire un leu de la jyoche du medecin.
2. Surge quintd, prande nond, ctrna qnintd, dormi
nond, nee est morti vita prona.
3. Nnnquam recte corpus exerceri sine animo,
neqiie animum sine corpore posse.
4. Viande. ht'en niachee est d dcmi digerie,
h. Optimum condimentum fames.
Appetite is the best sauce.
6. Plures occidit gula quam c/ladiui.
7. Early to bed and earlj' to rise,
Makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.
8. One man's meat 's another man's poison.
9. An ounce of prevention is better than a pound
of cure.
PROVERSIO, Anteversion.
PROVINS, MINERAL WATERS OF. Cha-
lybeatc springs in the department of Seine et
Marne, France, which contain carbonic acid and
iron.
PROVOCATORIUS, Intercalary.
PROXIMAD, see Proximal aspect.
Proximal,, from proximus, 'ne.\t.' Pro.xi-
mate ; nearest; next.
Proximal Aspuct. An aspect towards the
trunk, in the course of an extremity. — Barclay.
Projc'imad is used by the same writer adverbially
to signify ' towards the trunk.'
PRUNA, Anthrax.
PRUNE. Prunura.
Pru.nk Ji'ioh Exi'kctoiia'tion or Sputa. The
sputa resembling prune juice, which occur in the
third or purulent stage of pneumonia.
PREMiAU, Prunum.
PRUNELLA, Angina pectoris, Aphthse, Cy-
nanche, Pupil.
Prunrl'la, p. vulga'ris seu ofJicinn'Ue, Rru-
nel'la, Consol'ida minor, Si/m'phytnm minus, Self-
heal, Ileal-nll, Bugle, (F.) Prunelle, Brunelle ;
Ord. Labiata). Sex. Syst. Didynamia Gyuino-
spermia. This plant has been recommended as
an astringent, in hemorrhages and fluxes; and,
also, in gargles against aphtha}, and in inflam-
mation of the fauces.
PRUNELLiE SAL, Potassae nitras fusus sul-
phatis paucillo mixtns.
PRUNELLE, Prunella, Pupil.
PRUNELLIER, Prunus spinosa.
PHUNELLOE, Prnnuin Brignolense.
PRUNEOLA SYLVESTRIS, Prunus spinosa.
PRUNES, see Prunum — p. Pulp of, Pruni
Pulpa.
PRUNI PULPA, Pulp of prunes. Take of
prunes a sufficient quantity, soften them in the
vapour of boiling water, and having separated
the stones, beat the remainder in a marble mortar
and press through a hair-sieve. — Ph. U. S.
PRUNIER. Prunus domestica — p. Sauvage,
Prunus spinosa.
PRUNUM. A dried Plum, a Prune. (F.)
Pruneau. Three sorts of Prunes have been
usually ranked amongst the articles of the mate-
ria medica. 1. The Prunum Jirignolen'se ; the
Briynole plum or Pruncl'loe ; from Brignole in
Provence. It is of a reddish-yellow colour; and
has a very grateful, sweet, subacid taste. 2. The
Prunum Gal'licum, Prunum (Ph. U. S.), the
French Prune ; and .3. The Prunum Damasce'nnm
or Damson, Brab'yion. All these possess the
same general qualities as the other summer fruits.
They are emollient and laxative.
PiiUNdM Rti;i,i,atiim, Averrhoa carambola.
PRUNUS ACACIA, Prunus padus.
PnuNlLS Armkni'aca, Armeui'aca vulga'ris seU
epiro'tica. The A'pricot, Apricock, Bericoc've,
^coiKOKKTi, PrcBcoc'ia, (F.) Ahricotier. 0;rf. Rosa-
ceae. Sex. Syst. Icosandria Monogynia. The
apricot, Melum Armeniacum, (F.) Abricot, when
ripe, is easily digested, and considered as a great
delicacy.
PnoNtis A'viUM, P. cer'asus seu aylvest'ris seu
mncrophyl'la, Cer'asus A'vi}im seu nigra seu
dulcis, hiack Cherry Tree, (F.) Merisi'er. Th«
fruit is eaten ; and a gum exudes from the tree,
the properties of which are similar to those of
gum Arabic.
Prunus Capulin, (S.) Capulies, grows in the
PRURIGIXOUS
765
PSEUDAPIIE
open fields of Peru: and is cultivated in gardens
in the towns. The fruit is acid, and not often
eaten ; but on acxr)unt of its agreeable odour it is
used in inakini^ I'livheroH de p>res ; or with odo-
riferous flowers to perfume linen. — Tschudi.
PuuNUS Ckii'asus, C'ei'anuii ac"ida seu horlen'-
git seu vitli/n'iin seu rubia. The Red Cherry
Tree ; (F.) Oen'tler. The fruit Cer'unitm, C'era'-
tioii, has a pleasant, aeidulous sweet flavour. It
is wholesome. See Prunus avium.
Pitt'Nus Domks'tica. The Plum or D(tmson
tree, Coccyine'len, Proline, (F.) Pruiiie.r ordinaire.
The diimson, when perfectly ripe, afibrds a whole-
some fruit for pies, tarts, Ac. It is gently laxa-
tive. See Prunum.
Prunus JIoiitknsis, P. ccrasus.
Prunus Insi'tia. The Ihdlnce Plum Tree.
The fruit of this tree is used lil<e the damson.
PnUNUS Lauro-Cer'asus, Cer'amm lanro-cera-
titu, Pfidiis laiiro-ceriiaiia. Poison Laurel, Cherry
Laurel, Common Laurel, Laiiro-ceriiHus, {¥.) Laii-
rier-cerlse, L. amandier, L. de Tribinonde. The
leaves, Lauro-cer'asun, (Ph. E. and D.) have a bit-
ter, styptic taste, with the flavour of bitter al-
monds. The flowers have a similar flavour. The
powdered le;ives, applied to the nostrils, excite
sneezing. The flavour of the leaves has given
occasion to their being em|)loyed in tarts, cus-
tards, <fcc. ; but in large quantities they are poi-
sonous. The poisonous principle is the prussic
acid. The distilled water, called Laurel-water,
is poisonous. (See Poisons, Table of.) An Aqua
Lauro-CKI{'asi, Cherry Lanrel-water, is officinal
in the Edinburgh and Dublin Pharmacopoeias.
Dose, ^ x.xx to f^'].
PutJNUs Macroi'iivlla, p. avium.
Prunus Padus, Padux, P. a'vinm, Cer'asHS
PaduH seu racemo'aus sylrea'tris. Wild cluafer or
Bird Cherry Tree, (Sc; Hayherry, Hack-berry,
(Prov.) Ifi-rkberry, (F.) Oerivier d graiypca, Boia
piiaiit. The bark of the tree has a fragrant
smell, and a bitter sub-astringent taste, somewhat
similar to th.it of bitter almonds. It has been
recommended in intermittents, &c., in the form
of decoction. The berries have been used in
dysentery.
Prunus Skbastina, Sebastina.
Pru.nus Si'INo'sa. The Sloe Tree, P. aylrca'-
tria seu Aca'cia, Aijrior.occi me' lea, Agru'na, Agru-
ve'la, (P.) Priinelller, Prunier sniivage. The
fruit — the aloe — is sometimes employed in gargles,
and was formerly much used in hemorrhage,
owing to the astringent properties. The Aca'cia
voatraa seu German' ica seu vulgn'ria. Prune' ola
sylvea'iria, Succua acacice noafra'tia, S. Acacice
GermaniccB inapiaaa' tux is obtained from this.
Prunus Svlvkstris, P. Avium, P. Spinosa.
Prunus VirgiNIA'na, Cer'aaua aero'tina seu
Virginia'na, Choke cherry. Wild Cherry Tree,
(F.) Ceriaier de Virgiuie. The bark of this tree
has been found useful in intermittents. The
leaves are poisonous to certain animals, and the
berries into.vicate difl"erent kinds of birds. The
Indians use the bark in the cure of syphilis. It
is bitter and astringent, and possesses some aro-
matic warmth, and likewise a sedative quality. It
is stiiiHilaiit and tonie. The leaves contain prus-
sic acid. The distilled oil of the bark is very
nearly identical with that of the bitter almond.
A strong decoction of the bark is anthelmintic.
Pri'nus Vur.r.ARis, P. Padus.
PRl'Rr(}"IXOlIS, /'/•"/•/</nio'«i(»,(F.)Pri,r)".7;.
neu.r. Same etymon as the next. Relating, or
belonging to, or resembling prurigo.
PRITRI'IjO, Pruri'tuH. Chria'ma ; from prurin,
)^-uritiim, ' to itch.' Tlie word is often usetl
synoTiytuously with itching. Willan and Bate-
nian use the term for a genus of cutaneous dis-
eases, the i-liaracteristic symptoms of which are
a severe itching, accompanied by an eruption of
papulae of nearly the same colour as the adjoin-
ing cuticle; Cneamoa, Scabies papiiliform' ia,
Ejor'mia pruri'go. It affects the whole surface
of the skin, under three varieties of form: — the
P. mitia, P. formi'cana, P. aeiii'lia, &c., as well
as some parts of the body, as the P. pod'icia, and
P. puden'di mulie'bria, Puden'dagrn pru'rieiia,
Prnri'tua vulva, {¥.) Priirit de In viilve.
Prurigo, Heat — p. Pedicularis, Phtheiriasis.
PItURIT, Itching— p. de la Vidve,set Prurigo.
PRURITUS, Gargalus, Itching, Prurigo — p.
Vulvae, see Prurigo.
PRUSSIAN ^h\]E. Ferrum Zoot'icum sen Bo.
rna'aicum seu Cyanogena'tum seu oxydula'tum hy-
drocyan'icum, Ferri Ferrocy'anas seu Ferrocya-
nure'tiim seu Cyanure'tum seu Percy an'iduvi,
Borua'aiaa seu Pruaaiaa seu Hydrocy'anaa Ferri,
Caru'leum Borua'aicum seu Berolinen'ae, Trito-
hydro-ferrocy' anate or Ferrocyanuret or Ferro-
prua'aiate of iron, (F.) Bleu de Pruaae, B. de
lierlin. In the Pharmacopoeia of the United
States, the pure salt — Ferri ferrocyanureium — is
directed to be made as follows. Ferri Sulph.^'w,
acid anlph. f ^iiiss, acid nitric. f,^vj or q. s., po-
taaaii ferrocyanuret. ,^ivss, aqiicf, Oij. Dissolve
the sulphate in a pint of water, and having add-
ed the sulphuric acid, boil the solution. Pour
into it the nitric acid, in small portions, boiling
the liquid for a minute or two after each addi-
tion, until it no longer produces a dark colour;
then allow the liquid to cool. Dissolve the ferro-
cyanuret of potassium in the remainder of the
water, and add this solution gradually to the first
liquid, agitating the mixture after each addition ;
then pour it upon a filter. Wash the precipitate
with boiling water until the washings pass taste-
less. Lastly, dry and rub into pOwder. This
salt is chiefly used in the preparation of the hy-
drocyanic acid and the cyanuret of mercury. It
has been advised in the treatment of intermit-
tents, and in epilepsy and scrophulosis. Exter-
nally, if has been applied to ill-conditioned ulcers.
(,^i to ^j. of cerate.) Dose, four to six grains.
PSALIDIUM, Fornix.
PSALIS, Fornix, Scissors.
PSALTERIUM. Lyra.
PSAMiAIA, see Gravel.
PS.\MMIS'MUS, Ammia'mua, Gammia'mna,
from ^^aujxoi, ' sand.' Areiia'tio. The application
of sand to any part of the body for the cure of
disease. — Paulus.
PSAMMODES, Sabulous.
PSAMMUS, see Gravel.
PSAl'TIER, Omasum.
PSELLIS'MUS, -ItWin^oi. Pacllofea, xlcWorr,?,
from \f.cXXt^io, 'I stutter.' Imperfect or depraved
state of the articulation. A geniis in the class
Pnenmaticn, order Phonicn, of Good.
PsRi.LisiMus Nasitas, Rhinoplionia — p. Rho-
tacismus, llotacistn.
PSELLOTES. B.albnties.
PSEUDACACIA ODORATA, Robinia pseu-
dacacia.
PSEUDAC'OK, Pyeudacoi'a. PaeudecoY'a, rrom
iptv67]f, ' false,' and aicoi], ' audition.' Pseiidacu'sis.
False hearing.
PSEUDACORUS, Iris pseudacorus.
PSEUD^STHPySIA. Sniaus perver'aua, from
\j.cv<)ris, 'false,' and ataSavnuat, 'I feel.' nio&riaii,
' feeling.' Parnpaia illiiao'rin, Paeuda'phe. Paeu-
daph'ia, (F.) Paendeathcaic. Depraved feeling.
Imaginary sense of touch or general feelinir in
organs that have no existence. Common to those
who have suff"cred amputation ; and to hypochon-
driacs and the insane.
PSEUD.ALEI MORRL Feigned diseases.
PSEUl).-\N(iUSTURTXUM. Brucine.
PSEUDAPIIE, Pseudivsthesia.
PSEUDARTHROSIS
OG
psolE
PSEUD ART II RO'STS, P,eu<fnrtic„hi't!o,
PneiKldrlic'iihin, Arliciitd'lio unthir seu artijiria'-
lis, from \pKv&ns< 'false,' and apSpuv, ' n. joint.' A
f;ilse joint or articulation ; Artic'itlits iiovim seu
spii'riiiK seu prasternutura'lis, (F.) Articulation
mtnudiiprnire.
PSKUDARTICULATIO, Pseudarthrosis.
P.-^EUDECOIA, Pseudacoe.
PSEUUENCEPH'ALUS, Pamceph'alus, from
il-cv&ni, 'false,' and ey/ce^aAov, ' the encephalon.'
A monster, whose cranium is open in its whole
extent, from before to behind, its base supporting
a vascular tumour. — I. G. St. Hilaire.
PSEUDESTHESIE, Pseudajsthesia.
PSEUDO, False— p. Asthma, Dyspnoea.
PSEUDOBLEP'SIA, Psei<(lohl,p«is, Pseudo-
rn'sis, Siiffu'nio oc'iili, frxmi ^f-tvini, 'false,' and
j3X£t^(5. 'sight.' Pseiidops' ia, Pamp'sis iUtiio'riii,
Siiffa'slo, Phantas'nia, Fahe sight. A generic
name, used by Cullen for perversion of vision.
See Metamorphopsia.
PSEUDOBLEPSIS, Paropsis.
PSEUDOCARCIjSIOMA LABII, Cancer aqua-
ticus.
PSEUDOCHRO MIA, Achromatopsia.
PSEUDOCROUP, Asthma thymit-ura.
PSEUDOCYESIS, Pregnancy, false — p. Cye-
sis raolaris. Mole. 1
PSEUDOENCEPIIALITIS, Hydrencephaloid
disease. 1
PSEUDO-FEVER, Irritation, morbid. j
PSEUDOGEU'SIA, Pgeudof/ea'sis, Pneitdo-
f/r^iis'fla, frotn \lev&tis, 'false,' and ytvats, 'taste.'
Halhiciiin'tio giintun. False taste.
PSEUDOGEUSTIA, Pseudogeusia.
PSEUDOIIELMINTIIES, Ectozoa.
PSEUDOLI'EN, Pneudo'ipfeu, from -^cvSns,
'false,' and lieu, 'spleen.' Glands situate in the
neighborhood of the spleen ; probably, lymphatic
glands.
PSEUDOMECIIOACANA, Convolvulus pan-
dura tus.
PSEUDOMEDICUS. Charlatan.
PSEUDOMELANOTIC FORxMATIONS, see
Anthracosis.
PsRiJDoMET.ANOTic Meninx, Membrane, false —
p. Metamorphosis polvposa, polyj)us.
PSEUDOMEMBRANA, Meinl.rane, false.
PSEUDUMEMBRANE, Membrane, false.
PSEUDONARCISSUS, Narcissus pseudonar-
cissus.
PSEUDONOMA'NIA. from ^icvhi. 'false,' and
mauia. A form of insanitj', which is character-
ized by a morbid propensity for lying.
PSEUDO-PARASITEi*. Ectozoa,
PSEUDOPERIPMEUMONIA, Peripneumonia
notha.
PSEUDOPHLOGOSIS VENTRICULI RESO-
LUTIVA ET COLLIQUATIVA, Gastromalacia.
PSEUDOPHTIII'SIS. 'False phthisis.' Ema-
ciation occasioned by other cause than organic
lesion of the lungs.
PSEUDOPLAS'MATA, from i//£u5>k, 'false,'
and ■n\aaaM, ' I form.' A term applied to malig-
nant heter()logous tumours. — Vogel.
PSEUDOPLEURITIS, Pleurodynia — p. Po-
lypi, see Polypi — p. Pyrethrum, Achillea ptar-
mica — p. Spleen, Pseudolien.
PSEUDOPNEUMONIA, Peripneumonia no-
tha.
PSEUDOPNEUMONITIS, Peripneumonia no-
tha.
PSETTDOPSIA, Pseudoblepsia.
PSEUDO RASrS, Pseudoblepsia.
PSEUDOREX'IA, /V»r/o,-rr,r'/». from i'cvSvs,
'false,' and o/ie^ii, 'appetite.' False appetite.
PSEUDO-RHONCIIUS. from xptv!>r,i, 'false,'
and p'>yx,oii 'rattle.' A sound heard during re-
spiration, which appears to be produced, like the
ordinary rhonehi, in the air-tubes, but is exterior
to thom — as in the case oi pleural ptnuiluiliniichi.
See Rattle, and liritr.
P S E U D 0 S C 0 P 'I C, Pseudoscnp'icue, from
\l/fi)(5»;5, 'false,' and oKoitcui, '1 view.' Conveying
false impressions to the eye : as where projecting
surfaces are seen depressed, and conversely.
P S E U D 0 S ' iMIA, l>8<mlosphre'Hi„, P'>«„<l;i,.
phre'sifi, from xlcviiis, 'false,' and o<r/iij, 'smell.'
False sense of smell.
PSEUDOSPIIHESIA, Pseudosmia.
PSEUDOSYPllILIS, Syphilis pseudosyphilis.
PSEUDOTIIANATOS, Asphyxia.
PSEUDO variola:. Varicella.
PSKUDYMEN, Membrane, false.
PSID'IUM POMIF'ERUM. The Apple Gi,a-
va, Guara, Giiotjiira. Ord. Myrtaoea!. This
plant and P. Pyrif'erum bear fruits ; those of llio
former like apples, — of the latter like pears. The
apple kind has an acid flavour, the other is sweet.
Of the inner pulp of either, the natives of the
Inilies make jellies; and, of the outer rind, tarts,
marmalades, <fec. They are somewhat astringent;
this quality, indeed, exists in every part of the
tree, and abundantly in the leaf-buds, which are
occasionally boiled with barley and liquorice as
an excellent drink in diarrhoea. A sinii>lc deooe-
tion of the leaves is said to be useful in the itch,
and most cutaneous eruptions.
PSILOSIS. DepihUion.
PSILOTHRUM, Bryonia alba. Depilatory.
PSIMMYTIION, Plumbi subcarbonas.
PSOA, Dysodia.
PSOjE, Psoice, PnycB, ^oai, see Lnmhi, ' the
loins.' The psoae muscles ; Aloj/ecea, Nephro-
me'trcB, NeHrome'teren.
PSOAS-MAGNUS, Psoas seu lumbn'ris inter',
nils, Femur moveii'tium sejrtus, P re-lonibo-t rocJian-
tin, PrS-lowho-trochaiitinien (Ch.). A muscle,
seated on the lateral parts of the lumbar portion
of the vertebral column ; and passing down to
the superior and anterior part of the thigh. It
is long, fusiform, and attached, above, to the
Ijody and transverse processes of the first four
lumbar vertebrae, and last dorsal. Below, it ter-
minates, by a very thick tendon, common to it
and the iliacus muscle, — which is inserted into
the top of the lesser trochanter. This muscle
bends the thigh upon the pelvis, and carries it in
rotation outwards. It may, also, bend the pelvis
on the thigh, and the loins on the pelvis. It acts
considerably in station and progression.
Psoas Parvus, Pre-lombn-puhien, (Ch.) A
muscle situate anteriorly to the last. It is long,
thin, flat, and narrow ; and is attached, above, to
the body of the last dorsal vertebra, and below,
to the linea ileo-pectinea, by means of a slender
tendon, which furnishes two expansions — one to
the Iliac aponeurosis, and the other to the pelvis.
This muscle bends the vertebral column on the
pelvis ; and, reciprocally, the pelvis on the vcr-
\ tebral column.
PSODYMUS, Gastrodidyraus.
PSOI^, Psoae.
PSOiTE, Psoitis.
PSOi'TIS, Inflamma'tin mns'culi Psoas, Lum-
ha'go iiifiaminato'ria spasmoil' leu, (F.) Pii/ile, In-
flammation dii musele Psoas. From xj-ont, ' the
loins,' 'the psoae muscles,' and itis, denoting m-
flaramation. Inflammation of the psoas muscles
and of the parts situate before the lumbar verie-
brte : accompanied, from its commcncemeiit, by
considerable fever, violent pains in the part
affected and in the thigh of the same side, which
remains commonly half bent. Psoitis may terini-
nate by suppuration, and form a lumbar abscess.
PSOLE, 4<.j\r,, 'the male organ.' Also, the
glans when uncovered.
PSOLONT
767
PSYDRACIA
PROLON. Meinbrosus.
PSOLOX'CUS, from pnole, and oyxof, 'a tu-
mour.' Swelling of the glans, or of the penis
generally.
PSOLUS, from pnole. One who has the glans
uncovered. One who has heen circumcised.
PSOIMIOMETER, Stethoscope.
PSOPIIOS, ipoipoi, 'a noise.' A loud noise; a
hollow pound.
PSORA, from vfwu, 'I rub gently.' Sca'bien,
Phh/sin .seu Evpi/e'xis Scnbien, Scahlola, Itch,
Scratrh, Srotvh Jiildle, (Prov.) Lhel, Scrat, (Sc.)
the He,/, Yoiik, Yiilce, (F.) Gale, Mid Saint-Main,
Udijne. A contagious eruption of very minute
jiitnples — pustular, vesicular, papular, intermixed,
nnd alternating, itching intolerably and termina-
ting in scabs. It seems to be connected with an
insect of the genus Acarus ; — the Ac'arus seu
Snicop'tea seu Sarcop'tun seu Phthi'rinm seu Chcy-
le'liiH Sraltiei, Ac'anis Ciio, Itch insect, Jtch-oni-
vial'citir. Itch mite, (F.) Ciron. The itch occupies,
]iarticulnrly, the spaces between the fingers, the
back of the hands, wrists, elbows, axilla?, groins,
hains, Ac, and rarely affects the face. The best
applications, for its cure, are, — the Unfjuenlum
Siilphuris or Ung. Snlph. comp. night and morn-
ing ; but the unpleasant smell of the sulphur has
given occasion to the use of other means ; — as the
]Vhile Hellebore. Potass in deliquescence, Jfnriate
of Ammonia, Sulphuric Acid, tc. The repug-
nance to the smell of sulphur ought not, however,
to be regarded; especially as, in the course of
four or five days, it will, in almost all cases, pro-
duce a perfect cure.
PsoiiA Ac HI A, Psoriasis inveterata.
Psora Ebiuo'kum, Drunkard's Itch. An erup-
tion, attended by afflicting itching, to which |
eUk'ily people, who have been much addicted to
drinking alcoholic liquors, are liable. — Darwin.
Psora Lei'Rosa, Psoriasis — p. Squamosa, Pso-
riasis.
PSORALEA, Psoralea pentaphylla.
Psora'i^ea Glandulo'sa, from -J/w/jnAfof
'scurfy or scaly,' in reference to its scurfy glands
or dots. Alraquil'la. Ord. Leguminosae. Sex.
Sijsf. Diadclphia Docandria. A shrub, used in
Chili as a vulnerary. The Paraguay tea is re-
ferred to it by M. Lenoble, of Montevideo. See
Ilex Paraguensis.
Psoua'lea PkntAPHYL'la, Psora'len, Contrn-
yer'va nova, Mex'ican Contrai/er'va. The root is
little, if at all, inferior to the contrayerva in its
medical properties; which, by the by, are unim-
portant.
PSORENTERIA, Cholera.
PSORI'ASIS, (same etymon as Psora,) for-
merly, the state of being affected with -^iapa.
Lepido'sis psori'asis, Serpe'do, Serpi'go, Inipeti'-
<io (of some), Sca'hies sic'ca ?im feri'na. Psora
lepro'sa seu squamo'sa. Scaly Tetter. Dnj Scale,
Dry Scall, (F.) Dartre squameuse licheno'ide, D.
(eailleuse, Gratelle, Gale miliare, G. canine ou
siche. A cutaneous affection, consisting of patches
of rough, amorphous scales; continuous, or of
indeterminate outline ; skin often chappy. Pso-
riasis occurs under a considerable variety of forms.
The surface, under the scales, is more tender and
irritable than in lepra, which psoriasis, in some
respects, resembles. Dr. Willan has given names
to eleven varieties of psoriasis : the chief of
which are the Psoriasis fj/utla'la, P. diffii'sa (one
form of which is the linker's Itch and Grocer's
Itch : and another, the Washerwoman's Scall), the
P. ifi/ra'ta, and p. inretera'ta seu Psora a'gria.
The treatment of irritable psoriasis must be anti-
phlogistic, with the internal use of the fixed
alkalies, stilphur, &c. They do better without
any local application. The more local and less
inflammatory are ameliorated by emollient nnd
soothing applications : or by slightly stimulating
means, sea-bathing, the Ung. hydrurg. nitrico-
ouyd., {/tig. oxidi zinci, Ac.
PSORIC, Pso'ricus, (F.) Psoriqne. Gnlenx ;
from (/-lupa, 'itch.' That which has the nature
of itch. A medicine for curing the itch.
PSOROCOMI UM, from -Iwpa, • the itch,' and
KOfiiia, 'I take care of.' An hospital for those
affected with itch.
PSOROPIITIIALMIA, Ophthalmia tarsi -^ p.
Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia (purulenta infan-
tum).
PSY^., Pso*.
PSYCHAGOGA, Psychagogica.
PSYCHAGO'GICA, Psychago'ga, from i/dx'7,
'life,' 'soul,' and ayu, 'I lead.' Medicines which
resuscitate, when life seems extinct; as in syn-
cope and apo[ilexy.
PSYCHE, Anima.
PSYCIIIA'TER. Same etymon as the next.
One who treats diseases of the mind — a Mad-
doctor, (F.) Medecin de fous, Alieniste.
PSYCHIATRI'A, from -Ivxv, 'mind,' and
tarpcia, ' healing.' Treatment of diseases of the
mind.
PSY'CHICAL, Psy'chicns, from 4'vxn, 'mind.'
That which relates to the mind or mental endow-
ments. Psych<)log"ical is not unfrequently used
with the like signification.
PSYCHOLOGICAL, see Psychical.
PSYCHOL'OGY, Psycholog"ia, from 4,vxv,
'mind,' and h>yog, 'discourse.' A treatise on the
intellectual and moral faculties. Also, the intel-
lectual and moral faculties or sphere.
PSYCnONOSOL'OGY, Psychonosolog"ia, from
^vxvi 'mind,' voaoi, 'disease,' and Aoyos, 'a de-
scription.' The doctrine of, or a treatise on, dis-
eases of the mind.
PSYCHOPATHIES, Psychoses.
PSYCHOR'AGES, Agoni'zans, Morihun'dus,
3for'ihund, Fey, Fee, Fie, from xpvxn, 'mind,
'life,' and payrj, 'ruplure.' Dying; 7)1 Articulo
Mortis, " in the article of death ;" in e.rtre'mis.
Morihuiid means, also, one who is dying.
PSYCHORAGIA, Agony, Death.
PSYCHORRHAGIA, Agony, Death.
PSYCHOS, Cold.
PSYCHO'SES, from \^vx'i, ' m'md.' Neuroses
of the intellect. Diseases of the mind. Psy-
chop'athies.
PSYCHOTHERAPEI'A, from 4,vxn, 'mind,'
and ^cpantvw, ' I attend upon the sick.' Treat-
ment of disease through the mind.
PSYCHOTICA, Analeptica.
PSYCHOTRIA, Analeptica — p. Croeea, Pali-
courea croeea — p. Emetica, Ipecacuanha.
PSYCHOTROPHUM, Betonica officinalis.
PSYCHROLU'SIA, Psychrolu'tron, from xl.v-
Xpoi, 'cold.' and Aouui, 'I wash.' A cold bath.
PSYCHROPHOIi'IA, from ^vxpoi, cold,' and
<;>ofio(, 'fear.' Dread of cold, especially of cold
water. Impressibility to cold.
PSYCHTICA, Refrigerants.
PSYDRA'CIA, quasi, xlvKfia 'vSpaKia, 'cold
drops,' from i^uf^af, t^vipaKng, 'a small blister or
pimple.' The ancients sometimes used this term
for pimples ; at others, for uesi'c/cs. Willan and
Bateman define Psydracium to be, a small pus-
tule, often irregularly circumscribed, producing
but a slight elevation of the cuticle, and termi-
nating in a laminated scab. Man_v of the psy-
dracia usually appear together, and become con-
fluent; and, after the discharge of pus, they poiir
out a thin, watery humour; which frequently
forms an irregular incrustation. Frank limits
the term to a psoriform eruption, which differs
from itch in not originating from an insect, and
is not contagious; — perhaps the lichen. Authors
have differed regarding its acceptation.
PSYLLIUM
768
rXERYGOID
PsYBK.VOiA AcxK. Acne.
PSYLLIUM, Plantago psyllium— p. Erectuin,
Plantagi) psyllium.
PTARAIICA, Achillea ptarmica — p. Montana,
Arnica moiitana.
PTARMICUM. Errhine, Sternutatory.
PTARMOS, Sneezing.
PTELEA, Ulmus.
Ptelka Tkifolia'tA, SJn-nhhy trefoil, SipriJtip
do(/}oo(>d. Stinking ask, jSlinkinij prairie biiuli,
Wingxeed ; indij^enous. 0/v^fr, Xanthoxylaceiie.
Flowering in June. Is said to be possesised of
antiperiodic virtues, and to be anthelmintic.
PTERIS, Pi.lypodium filix mas.
Pteris Aqum.i'na,' (irrtpiif, 'a wing.' from the
shape of its leaves.) Pter'ia, Thelyp'terin, Filix
Nympha'a sou foemin'ea, Asple')iium aqnili'nnm,
Common Brake or Female Fern; Eagle Fern,
Bracken, (F.) Fnngere femelle, La grande Fou-
gere. A^at. Ord. Filiees. The root is considered
to be anthelmintic; and as efficacious as that of
the male fern in cases of tapeworm.
Pteris Palitstris, Aspleuium fili.x foemina.
PTERNA, Calcaneum.
PTERNIUM, Calcaneum.
PTERNOBATES, Calcigradus.
PTEROCARPUS ERINACEA, see Kino — p.
Marsupium, see Kino — p. Sandalinus, P. Santa-
linus.
Pterocar'pus Santali'nus, P. Sandali'nun,
(iTTepov, 'a wing,' and Kapnoq, 'fruit,') San'talinn
seu San'dnlum Riihrum, Red Sanderx or Saunders
Tree, (F.) Sant<il rouge. Ord. Leguminosffi.
Sex. Si/nt. Diadelphia Decandria. Red Saunders
■wood, San'lalum, (Ph. U. S.,) Lignum aandali'-
num is used only as a colouring matter: it gives
to rectified spirit a fine deep red. The juice of
this tree, like that of P. Draco, affords a species
of Drarinn'n Rlood.
PTEROCAULON PYCNOSTACII'YUM, Co-
ny'za pi/cnostach'ya, Black root ; indigenous.
Order, Compositae. The root is used as an alte-
rative in the form of decoction. It is said to be
possessed of cathartic properties.
PTEROS'PORA ANDROMEDE'A, (mcpov, 'a
■wing,' and a-ropa, 'seed,' in allusion to the singu-
lar wing borne by the seeds,) Scaly Dragon claw,
Dragon root. Fever root, Albany heechdrop. An
indigenous plant, Nat. Ord. Monotropeae, .Sex.
Syat. Decandria Monogynia: — found in the State
of New York, which blossoms in July. The root
has been regarded as an anthelmintic, diuretic,
emmena2;o<4ue, <fec. : but is not used.
PTERYG'ION, Pteryg'iinn, Ala, from vrcpvl,
TTTEpvyoi. ' a wing.' A small wing. Web, Ony.r,
Pyo'ais, Ungnin, (F.) Drapean, Onglet. A vari-
co?e excrescence of the conjunctiva, of a trian-
gular shape, and commonly occurring at the inner
angle of the eye; whence it extends over the
cornea. Sometimes two or three pterygia occur
on the same eye, and cover the whole cornea
■with a thick veil, which totally prevents vision.
According to Scarpa, the ancients gave the name
Pannic'itlns to this last complication. If the
pterygion cannot be dispelled by means of discu-
tient coUvrirt, it must be removed by the scissors.
PTERYGIUM, Pterygion. Scapula— p. Digiii.
Paronychia — p. Lardaceum, Pinguecula— p. Pin-
gue, Pinguecula.
PTER'YGO, in the composition of anatomical
terms, means relating, or appertaining, to the
ptervffoid processes.
PTERYGO-ANGULI-MAXTLLAIRE. Ptery-
goideus internus — p. Colli-maxiUaire, Pterygoid-
eus externus — p. ^fn.ritlnire. grand, Pterygoideus
internus — p. Maxillaire, petit, Pterygoideus ex-
ternus— p. Palatine canal. Pterygoid canal — p.
Pharyngeus, Constrictor pharyngis — p. Staphy-
linus, Ciroumfiexus.
PTER'YGO-PAL'ATINE, Plerygo.Palatl'n„».
That which belongs to the pterygoid process and
palate.
PterYGO-PalATINR AnrRRy or Superior pha.
ryngeal is a very small artery, and is given otl' by
the internal maxillary at the bottom of the zygo-
matic fossa: after having passed through tlio
pterygo-palatine canal, it is distributed to tlio
sui)erior part of the pharynx, the sphenoid bone,
and the Eustachian tube.
Ptkrygo-Palatine Canal. A small eaniil,
formed by the internal ala of the pterygoid pro-
cess, and the palate bone. It gives passage to
the vessels of the same name.
PT ERYGO-STA PHY LINUS INTERNUS,
Levator i)nliiti — -/). SyudesDio-utaphyli-jjharyngiin,
Constrictor ])haryngis.
PTERYGODES, Alatus.
V'Y¥uK'Yl3iOlJ),PterygoVdes,Ptery(jotdi:'ns,Ali-
for'tnin ; from -r£pi;|, Trrtpuyos, 'awing,' and ciiiof,
' form.' A name given to two procesms at the in-
ferior surface of the sphenoid bone; the two la-
miniJB which form them having been compared to
wings. These ala or wingn or proceKnen, — I'rocen'-
sus aliform'es, — have been distinguished, ac-
cording to their position, into internal [ento-pte-
rygoid) and external.
Pterygoid Artery, Vid'ian Artery, I'am'uhm
Ductds Pterygo'ide'i, Arte'ria pharynge'a Hupre'-
mn, arises from the internal maxillary artery, nt
the bottom of the zygomatic fossa, and enters the
pterygoid canal with the nerve of the same name,
to proceed to be distributed on the Eustachian
tube and velum palati. The name, pterygoid
arteries, is likewise given to the branches, which
the internal maxillary and some of its divisions,
as the meningea media, and posterior temporalis
profunda, furnish to the pterygoid muscles, be-
hind the neck of the lower jaw.
Pterygoid Bone, Sphenoid.
Pterygoid Canal, Vid'ian canal, Ductm pte-
rygoideus, Cana'lis Vidia'nus, (P.) Conduit ptery-
go'idien ou Vidien, Pterygo-palatine canal, is a
narrow channel, which traverses, in a direction
from before to behind, the base of the pterygoid
process, and gives passage to the pterygoid nerve.
The foramina of the sphenoid, which terminate
the canals, have the same epithets applied to
them.
Pterygoid Fossa, Fossa Pierygdide'a, (F.)
Fosse pterygo'idienne ou pterygo'ide, is the de-
pression which separates the two lamina; or ala)
of the pterygoid process.
Pterygoid Mus'cles, Ala'res mns'cnli, Ali-
form'es mns'culi, are two in tmmber. 1. The
Pterygoideus externus seu minor, (F.) Plfrygo-
colli-maxillaire. Petit Pterygo-maxillaire (Cli.),
Petit pterygoid ie}i, Pterygoidien externe, is a
thick, short muscle, which arises, by- short .'iiio-
neuroses, from the outer surface of the external
ala of the pterygoid process, and from the outer
surface of the great ala of the s[ilR'niiid bone;
and is inserted at the anterior part of the neck
of the lower jaw-bone, and the corresponding port
of the inter-articular fibro-cartilage. This muscle
draws the condyle of the lower jaw and the inter-
articular ligament forwards. It carries the chin
forwards, and to the opposite side. If the two
external pter3'goids act together, the jaw is car-
ried directly forwards. 2. The Pterygoideus in-
ternus seu major, Afasse'ter intem'us, Liilens in
Ore, (F.) Grand Pifrygo-niaxilhiire, Pterygo-
angnli-maxillaire. Grand Pterygoidien ou I'lery-
go'idien interne. A thick, quailrilatcral inusclo,
which is attached by short and very strong apo-
neuroses; above, t<> the pterygoid ('dssa, whence
it proceeds downwards, backwarils, and outwards,
to be inserted into the inner surface of the ramus
of the lower jaw, near its angle. This muscle
PTERYGOlDIEN
7C9
PUCIIURY
raise3 the lower jaw, and oarries it a little for-
WiinlK. It also perlbruis the grinding motion.
PTKiiVGOir) Ni;iivES. These are two in num-
ber. I. The Pterygoid or Vid'ian Nerve. It
arises from the posterior part of the spheno-
palatine ganglion ; traverses the Vidian canal of
the sphenoid; and, heyond, divides into two fila-
ments. 1. A Hiiperior or crntiiid, NerviiK miperji-
cid'Un sive petro'sn», which ascends into the cra-
nium, and enters the hiatus of Fallopius to unite
with the facial nerve. 2. An inferior or carotid,
Nervnn profundus sive major, which traverses the
carotid canal, and unites with the ascending
branches of the superior cervical ganglion of the
trisplanchnic. ll. The Pterygoid Nerve, pro-
perly so called, Nervun viiiscitli pterygo'idei, is
given off by the inferior maxillary branch of the
5th pair.
PTEiiYGoin Processes, see Pterygoid.
PTERYGO'iDlEN GRAND oo INTERNE,
Pterygoideus internus — p. E.rtertie, Pterygoideus
externus — p. I'ulit, Pterygoideus externus.
PTEllYGO'MA, from -nrcpvi,, icTcpvyoi, ' a wing;
a projecting or pendulous body.' A swelling of
the vulva, which prevents coition. — M. A. Seve-
rinus.
PTEIIYX, Ala.
PTILOSIS, Deplumatio, Madarosis.
PTISAXA, Tisane — p. Communis, Decoctum
hordei compositum — p. Hippocratica, Decoctum
hordei.
PTISSANA, Tisane.
PTOCIIIA'TER, r lochia' friis, from vti^xos,
'poor,' and lurpof, 'a physician.' A physician to
the poor, or to an establishment for the poor.
PTOCHIATRI'A. Practice amongst the poor.
Also, an institution for the treatment of the dis-
eases of the poor.
PTOCIIOCOMI'UM, from nruixo?, 'a poor per-
son,' and KOficiii, '1 take care of;' Ptochoilochi'itm,
Ptochei'um, P tochot raphe' um. An almshouse. An
hospital for the poor.
PTOCIIODOCIIIUM, Ptochoeomium.
PTOCIIOTROPHEUM, Ptochoeomium.
PTOMA, Cadaver.
PTOSIS, irroxrif. Prolapsus — p. Bulbi oculi,
Exophthaliiiia.
Ptosis I'ridis, Iridoce'le, Her'nia seu Prolap-
«iM I'ridis, Iridnpto'sis, from vTiucri;, 'a fall-
ing.' A prolapsus of the iris through a wound
of the cornea. It is known by a blackish tubercle,
which projects a little from the cernea in various
forms.
Ptosis Palprbr,*;, Blopharoptosis,
PTYALAGOGUE, Sialogogue.
PTYALIN, see Saliva.
PTYALISM, Salivation.
PTYAL/SME, Salivation— 2). Mercuriel, Sali-
vation, mercurial.
PTYALISMUS, Salivation —p. Acutus melli-
tus, see Salivation — p. Acutus sympathetieus, see
Salivation — p. Hydrargyratus, Salivation, mercu-
rial— p. Iners, Slavering — p. Mereurialis, Saliva-
tion, mercurial — p. Pyrosicus, Pyrosis.
PTYALOGOGUE, Sialogogue.
PTYALO>f, Saliva.
PTYASMAGOGUE, Expectorant, Sialogogue.
PTYELOX, Saliva, Sputum.
PTYSIS, Exspuition.
PTYSMA, Saliva, Sputum.
PTYSMAGOGUE. Sialogogue.
PTYSMATIS'CHESIS, Ptysmatos'chesis, from
XTvafia, 'sputum,' and i<t;^£ii', 'to retain.' Sup-
pression of pulmonary expectoration.
PTYSMATOSCIIESIS, Ptysmatisehesis.
PUANTEUIl, Dysodia.
PUHENS. Ephebus.
PUHER. Ephebus.
PU'BERAL; same etymon as Puberty. Re-
49
lating or appertaining to the age of puberty — a<
' a, puberal disease.'
PUR ERE, Ephebus.
PUBERTAS, Ephebia.
PU'BERTY', Pubertns, Hehe, Pales, Aphro-
dis'ia, Ephehi'a, Ephe'bia, Ephe'botes, Ephebo'-
syne, Pubes'cence, from pnbescere, ' to begin to
have hair on the chin and sexual organs.' TLe
period of life at which young people of both sexes
are /)i(6e«'c'e?i( or nubile. According to the civil
law, puberty occurs at 12 years in females, and
14 in males. The period varies somewhat in dif-
ferent climates, and in different individuals of
the same climate.
PUBES, Pubis, Epis'ch'ion, Cteis, Perten ; the
Pubic region. Same etymon. The middle part
of the hypogastric region ; so called, because it is
covered with hair, in both sexes, at the period nf
puberty. The hair is also called Pubes, Lonu'(/o
seu Pili, Pudeudo'rum, Plautn'riiiin ; and, of old,
Epicten'iou and pubertas signified the same. See
Tressoria.
Pubes, Puberty.
PUBESCENCE, Puberty.
PUBESCENT, see Puberty.
PUBI.EUS, Pubic.
PUBIC, Pu'bian, Pu'bicus, PhUcr'hs, (F.)
Pubien. That which belongs to or concerns the
pubis.
Pubic Arch, Arch of the Pubis, (F.) Arcade
pubienne. The arch at the anterior part of the
inferior circumference of the pelvis. It is more
expanded in the female than in the male; to cor-
respond with the additional functions which she
has to execute.
Pubic Articula'tion, Sym'physis Pubis, re-
sults from the junction of the ossa pubis. The
medium of union is cartilage.
Pubic Lig'amk.nts are two very solid, fibrous
faseiip, situate before and beneath the symphysis
pubis, which they strengthen. The one is called
the anterior pubic ligament j the other the infe-
rior or subpubic.
Pubic Region, Re'gio Pubis. The region of
the pubes.
PURIEN, Pubic.
PUBIO-COCUYGIEN-ANNVLAIRE.
Pubio-coccyge'us anuula'ris. Dumas gave this
name to the levator ani and ischio-coccygeus,
which he considers a single muscle.
P UlilO- CO CO YGIEN-ANNULA IRE, Leva -
tor Ani — p. Femoral, Peetinalis — p. Femoralis,
Adductor longus femoris — p. Ombllieal, Pyra-
midalis abdominis — p. Prostaticus, Compressor
prostatas — p. Sous-ombilical, 'PynxmxdinWs abdo-
minis— p. Sternal, Rectus abdominis — p. Ure-
thral, see Compressor Urethrae.
PUBIS. Pubes.
Pubis Os, Os Pec'tinis, Episei'on, Ejiisi'on,
Epis'chion, Share Bone, liar-bone, (Sc.) Art:,
beiu. The anterior part of the os innominatum :
so called because it corresponds to the genitnl
organs and pubic region. The <tn;/le of the pubii
is formed by the union of the body and rami of
each side.
PUB'LICiE PARTES. ' Public parts.' Those
organs are so called, the object of whose func-
tions is the nutrition of all the others. Such are
the digestive and respiratory organs.
PUCCOON. Sanguinaria Canadensis — p. Red,
Sanguinaria Canadensis — p. Y'ellow, Hydrastis
Canadensis.
PUCE, Pulex irritans — p. de Bourgogne, see
Anthrax — p. Maligne, see Anthrax — p. Pene-
trant e, Chi que.
PUCELAOE, Virginity.
PUCELLE, Virgin.
PUCHA-PAT, Pogostemon patchouli.
PUCHURY, see Picburim beans.
PUCHYRY
0
PULMO
PTJCTIYRY, see Pichurim beans.
PUCKLE. Papula.
PUDDINU-GRASS. Mentha pulegium.
PU1)DIN(}-PIPE TREE, Ca.-sia fLKtiila.
PUDENDA, Genital organs — p. Yirurum, Pu-
dibilia.
PUDEND'AGRA. A hybrid word; from ;;«-
dcudu, (pndere, 'to be ashamed,') 'the genital
organs,' and the Greek aypa, ' a seizure.' Accord-
ing to some, this terni means pain in the genital
parts : Dolor piidendu'rum, Men'tiilagra, ^dceo-
d'jn'la ; according to others, it is synonymous
with syphilis.
PuDE.NDAGRA Pruriexs, Prurigo pudendi mu-
liebris.
PUDEN'DAL, Pudenda'lia. Relating or ap-
pertaining to the pudenda.
Puden'dal Her'nia. Hernia, which descends
between the vagina and ramus ischii, and forms
an oblong tumour in the labium; traceable in the
pelvis as far as the os uteri.
PUDENDALIS, Pudendal.
PUDENDALIS LONGUS INFERIOR, SCO Sciatic
nerve lesser.
PUDENDUM, FEMALE, Vulva— p. Muliebre,
Vulva.
PUDENDUS, Pudic.
PUDIBIL'IA; irom pndere, 'to be ashamed.'
The male genital organs; Genita'Ua Viri, Viril'ia,
Penail' ia, lustrumen'ta, Puden'da viro'rwn, Poil-
dus.
PUDIC, Pudi'cus, Puden'dns, (F.) Honteux.
Same etymon. That which causes shame. A
name given to the genital organs as well as to
different other parts.
Pudic Arteries are distributed to the organs
cf generation. They are, — 1. The internal Pudic,
Arteria Pudi'ca, A. puden'da conimu'nis, (F.)
Art^re honteuse interne, A. Sons-pnhienne (Ch.),
Gen'ital Ar'tery. It is furnished by the hypo-
gastric, and divides into two branches; the one
— the inferior ov perineal — which gives off the
inferior hemorrhoidal and the artery of the sep-
tum ; the other — the superior, (F.) Ischiope-
iileune — which furnishes the transverse perineal
artery, and divides into two branches ; the artery
of the corpus cavernonum, and the dorsalis penis.
This latter, in the female, has the name Dorea'Us
Clitor'idis. 2. The external Pudic Arteries, (F.)
Artires scrotales ou vulvaires (Ch.), A. honteusea
externes, which are two in number. The one is
superficial or subcutaneous, and the other deep-
seated or subaponeurotic. They are given off
from the femoral artery, or some one of its
branches ; and are distributed to the external
parts of generation.
Pudic Nerve, (F.) Nerf honteux ou ischio-pe-
vien ou IscJiio-clitorien, is a branch furnished by
the sacral plexus, which is distributed to the
genital organs ; and, especially, to the penis in
man, and the clitoris in the female.
PU'ERILE, Pueri'lis, from puer, 'a child,'
(F.) Pueril. Appertaining or relating to childhood.
Respiration puerile ou exarjhee ou supplenien-
tnire ou hypervesiculaire : — a term applied to the
respiration when it is heard loud through the
stethoscope, as in healthy children.
PUERILITAS, Dementia of the aged.
PUERITIA, see Age.
PUER'PERA, from puer, 'a child,' and pnrere,
' to bring forth.' Tokas, Lochos, Enix'a, Lecho,
a lyiiirj-in woman, (F.) Femme en Couclie, Ac-
couchee. A female in child-bed. One recently
delivered.
PUER'PERAL, Puerpern'lis; from puerpera.
Relating to parturition and its consequences.
Puerperal Convulsions, Eclampsia gravida-
rum et parturientium.
PcEu'PERAL Fever. Any fever occurring
during the puerperal state — Febris puerpera' rum,
Lechop'yra, J.ocliiocdlii'tis, Lochiop'yra, Ln.
chop'yrn, Child-bed fever. Most coniriioiily re-
stricted to a miilisinant variety of peritonitis.
PUEUPERIUM, Child-bed state.
PUERPERUUS, Parturient.
PUFF, Lycoperdon.
PUFF, VEILED, see Cavernous respiration.
PUFF-BALL, Lycoperdon, Leontodon taraxa-
cum.
PUF'FINESS, from (D.) poffen, 'to blow:'
Infla'tio, Sujla'tio, Tumefac'tio mollls,{l\) Jlouf.
fissure, Boursou/lure. A soft intumescence, with-
out redness, which may be partial or gunend, and
be produced by accumulation of serous fiuitl, ex-
travasation of blood, effusion of air into ihe sub-
cutaneous areolar tissue, Ac. Puffiness is most
frequently seen in the face and legs; and some-
times appears around a wound.
PUGIL'LUS, Drax, Dra'chion, diminutive of
puf/nus, 'the fist.' Dragma, Draymis, (F.) Pin-
tee. The quantity of any substance, which may
be taken with the ends of two or three fingers.
The eighth part of a handful.
PUGTEETII, Canine teeth,
PUISSANCE DU MOULE INTERIEUR,
Plastic force.
PUKE, Emetic.
PUKEWEED, Lobelia inflata.
PUKING, Vomiting, Regurgitation.
PULEGIUM, Mentha pulegium — p. Cervinum,
Mentha cervina.
PULEX IRRI'TANS. The common Jlea, (F.)
Puce. A parasitic insect found on the bodies of
man and animals.
Pulex Penetrans, Chiqne.
PULICARIA DYSENTERICA, Inula dysen-
terica.
PULICA'RIS, Pulicula'ria, (F.) Pulienire,
from pulex, pulicis, 'a gnat.' An epithet given
to cutaneous eruptions resembling gnat-bites; —
and, also, to diseases in which such eruptions
occur.
Pulicaris Herb a, Plantago psyllium.
PtiLLNA, PILNA or BILNA, MINERAL
WATERS OF. These well known bitter Bohe-
mian springs contain sulphates of soda and mag-
nesia, and chloride of magnesium. ^
PULMO, (pi.) Pulmo'nes ; b}' transposition of
the letter I from pleumon, ttAcu/jui/; Pneuinon,
Pleumon, Spiramen'tum an'imce, Erj/asle' riim
spir'itils, FlabeW um et ventila'brum cordis, Lii/hts,
The essential organ of respiration, which is dou-
ble, and occupies the two sides of the chest. The
lungs, which are of a spongy, soft, flexible, com-
pressible, and dilatable structure, fill exactly the
two cavities of the thorax, and are separated from
each other by the mediastinum and the heart.
The right lung, which is shorter and broader
than the left, is divided, by two oblique fissures,
into three unequal lobes, Lobi seu Aim pulnio'niim.
The left has only two lobes, and consequently
only one fissure. At the internal surface of those
organs, which is slightly concave, there is, about
the middle, a pedicle, formed by the bronchia and
pulmonary vessels, and called, by anatomists, the
root of the lunr/s, (F.) Racine des Poumous. Es-
sentially, the lungs are composed of prolongations
and ramifications of the bronchia, and of the pul-
monary arteries and veins, — the divisions of which
are supported by a fine, areolar tissue.
When the surface of the lungs is examined in a
clear light, we m.-iy see, even through the pleura,
that their parenchyma is formed by the aggrega-
tion of a multitude of small vesicles, of an irregu-
larly spheroid or ovoid shape, full of air, and
separated by white and opake septa, cons^tituting
lozenge-shaped spaces, which are called loluUi—
PULMOMETER
771
PULSE
liih'iili scu in'milcB pulmoua'lei — and which are
separated by interlobular areolar tissue. These
lobules do not coinmunic-ate with each other.
The vesicles are called Air-cells, Spiramen' ta seu
Hinram'ina seu Cell'ulcB Pidmo'num. Along the
partitions or septa is deposited, in greater or less
quantity, hluck pulmonarij matter, (F.) Matiere
piiliii'iiKtire noire, as it has been called, which
ueeins to be natural. Sometimes it is seen in
points; at others, in spots. The colour of the
lungs varies according to age and other circura-
gtimces. In youth, it is more red; and after-
wards, grayish or bluish ; often, as if marbled.
The pleura pulmonalis is their investing mem-
brane. The air is carried to the lungs by means
of the trachea and bronchia. The black venous
blood, which requires oxygenation, is conveyed
to them from the heart, by the pulmonary artery;
an-d when it has undergone this change, it is re-
turned to the heart by the pulmonary veins. The
blood-vessels inservient to the nutrition of the
lungs are the bronchial arteries and veins. The
pulmonary lymphatics are very numerous. Some
are superficial ; others, deep-seated. They pass,
fur the most part, into the bru)i';hi(il gfvxjlions or
(jlttiidn. The nerves are furnished by the pulmo-
nary ple.xus.
PULMOMETER, Spirometer.
PULMOMETRY, see Spirometer.
PULMONAIRE, Pulmonaria — p. en Arhre,
Lichen pulmonaria — j). de Cliene, Lichen pulmo-
naria — p. des Fran<;(ii8, Ilieracium murorum.
PULMONA'RIA, P. Officina'lis seu Macila'la
seu Mncitlo'sn, Linif/wort, Spotted Lungwort, Jeru'-
B'dem Coicilip, JeriiH(dem iS<if/e, Spotted Uonifrei/,
(F.) Pnlmonirire, Snurje de Jerusalem. Ord. Bo-
niginacese. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia.
The leaves of this plant have been used as de-
mulcents and pectorals ; partly from their resem-
blance to lungs — hence the name, from pidmo,
pnlinonis, 'the lung' — and partly because thoy
have a slightly mucilaginous taste. The plant is
not worthy of notice.
PlIL^fONARIA, Pneumonia — p. Arborea, Lichen
pulmonarius — p. Gallica, Ilieracium murorum —
p. Officinalis, Pulmonaria — p. Virginica, Merten-
sia Virginica.
PUL'MONARY, Pulmonn'ris, Pnlmona'lis,
from pidmo, pulmonis, ' the lung.' That which
relates or belongs to the lungs. A name given
to various parts.
PuLMONAKY Artery, Arfe'ria pulmonn'ris.
Vena arterio'sa, arises from the upper and left
part of the right ventricle of the heart; whence
it passes obliquely upwards and to the left side;
dividing into two trunks, opposite the second
dorsal vertebra — one passing to each lung. At
its origin, it is furnished with three sigmoid or
semilunar valves. It carries the blood to the
Itmgs for aeration.
Pulmonary Matter, Black, see Pulmo.
Pulmonary Plexus, Plexus pulmonn'ris. A
considerable nervous network, situate behind the
bronchia, which is formed by the filaments of the
pneumogastric nerve or par vagum, and by other
lilaments from the inferior cervical ganglion and
tiie first thoracic ganglia. This plexus forms a
kind of areolar web, with numerous meshes of
different sizes, in which vessels are lodged, sur-
rounded by much areolar tissue. This plexus
sends filaments to the bronchia, which they ac-
company to their extremities.
Pulmonary Veins, Vence pulmonn'res, Arte'-
ri(B veno'scB. These arise in the lungs from the
final terminations of the arteries of the same
name; collect in ramusculi and rami of greater
and greater size, and ultimately unite in four
trunks; two of whiuh issue from each lung to
open into the left auricle of the heart. The pul-
monary veins have the same structure as the
other veins of the body ; from which they diff"er,
in conveying arterial blood, as the pulmonary
artery differs from the others in conveying venous
blood. They carry the blood back to the heart
after aeration.
PULiMONES TARTARIZATI, Lithiasis pul-
monum.
PULMONIA, Phthisis pulmonalis, Pneumonia.
PULMON'IC, Pulmon'icus, Pneumon'icns. Pul-
moua'rius, Pneumou'ic, (F.) Pulmouique, Pneu-
monique. Same etymon as Pulmonary. One
affected with phthisis — one labouring under dis-
eases of the lungs. Any thing relating or be-
longing to the lungs. A medicine for the lungs.
PULP, Pulpa, Pulpa'mcn, Sarx, (F.) Pulpe,
Pulpolite. The soft and parenchymatous parts
of vegetables reduced to a paste by the operation
of pulping. Applied, also, to parts of the human
body, which have the characters of, or resemble a
pulp.
Pulp of the Fingers, (F.) Puljye des doigis.
The fleshy extremity of the fingers.
Pulp of the Tooth, Dental pulp.
PULPA CASSIA, see Cassia fistula — p. Den-
tis. Dental pulp — p. Pili, see Hair — p. Pruni, see
Pruni pulpa — p. Prunorum sylvestrium condita,
Conserva pruni sylvestris — p. Tamarindi, see
Tamarind! pulpa.
Pulpa Testis, Paren'ehijma testis. The pa-
renchyma of the testis.
PULPAMEN, Pulp.
PULPATION, Pulping.
PULPE, Pulp — p. Ccrehrnle, see Cerebrum — •
p. Dentaire, Dental pulp — p.dea Doiyts, Pulp of
the fingers.
PULPEUX, Pulpy.
PULPEZIA, Apoplexj'.
PULPING, Pulpn'tion, Pnlpa'tio. An opera-
tion— the object of which is to reduce certain
vegetable substances to a pulp. For this pur-
pose, they are bruised in a mortar, and then
passed through a hair sieve, liy the aid of a
wooden spatula, called a Pulper, (F.) Pulpoire.
PULPOriiE, see Pulping.
PULPOLITE, Pulp.
PULPY, Pulpo'aus, (F.) Pulpeux. Full of
pulp.
PULQUE, see Agave Americana.
PULS EX OVIS et LACTE, Oogala.
PULSATIF, Throbbing.
PULSATILLA NIGRICANS, Anemone pra-
tensis — p. Patens, Anemone patens — p. Praten-
sis, Anemone pratensis — p. Vulgaris, Anemone
Pulsatilla.
PULSATTLLE NOIRE, Anemone pratensis
— 2). des Pres, Anemone pratensis.
PULSATIO, Pulsation— p. Cordis, Palpitation.
PULSA'TFON, Pulsa'tio, Sphygmos, Sphyxls,
Pede'sis, Pedeth'mos, (F.) liattement. The beat-
ing of the heart and arteries. Also, the beating
felt in an inflamed part.
PULSATIVUS, Throbbing.
PULSATORY, Throbbing.
PULSE, from pulso, 'I boat;' Pulsus, PuUa'.
tio. Pulsus seu Ictus cordis et nrteria'rum, liicur'-
sus nrteria'rum, Sphygmos, Sphygma, Ditisphyx'it,
(F.) Pouls. Beating of the arteries, produced by
the afflux of the blood propelled by the heart ia
its contractions. For the sake of convenience,
we choose the radial arterj' at the wrist to detect
the precise character of the pulse. These clia-
racters relate to the number of pulsations iu a
PULSE
772
rULSE
given time; to their degrees of quickness; hard-
ness and strength : to the equality or inequality
either of the pulsations themselves or of their
intervals ; to the development or fulness of the
artery, and to the different impressions it may
produce on tlie fni);er.
The following csiimatcs have been made of the
pulse at various ages ;
A'je
In the embryo .
At birth
One month
One year
Two years
Three years
Seven years
Twelve years...
Puberty
Adult age
Old a!;e ,
Numher of BcaU per minute, according to
Hederde.v.
SoMMEMNQ.
130 to 140
120
120 to 108
108 to 90
90 to 80
72
120
110
90
70
80
70
GO
l.'-iO
Do.
11.5 to l.'^O
loo to llf)
90 to 100
85 to UO
80 to S5
70 to 75
50 to U5
It does not appear that the pulse of the aged
is less frequent, but the contrary. In general it
is more frequent in females and in irritable per-
sons, than in males and those of an opposite tem-
perament. In the healthy state, the pulse, be-
sides having the proper number of pulsations, is
neither hard nor unusually soft; it is moderately
developed ; of a medium strength ; and perfectly
equal, both as reganls the pulsations and their
intervals. In diseases it vpanders, more or less,
from these physiological conditions. The diffe-
rent characters of the pulse that have been re-
corded, are remarkably numerous. In a diction-
ary, it is necessary to detail them, although many
of them are not now regarded, and some are ri-
diculous.
Pulse, Ardent, Pulsus ardeiis, (F.) Poids ar-
dent, Poitls Sieve. One which seems to raise itself
to a point in order to strike the finger.
PuLSB, Cap'rizant, Pulsus Cupri'zdns sen dor-
cadis'sdiis seu (/(izell'niis seu fusa'lis, Goatlefxp
pulse, (F.) Pouls c'ipn'sniit. One which seems to
leap, as it were; an imperfect dilatation of the
artery being succeeded by a fuller and a stronger
one.
PciLSB, Complex, (P.) Pouls combine ou com-
pose, P. complique. A pulse which has the cha-
racter of several critical pulses united.
PlTLSE, Co.ntract'ed, (F.) Pouls serri ou con-
centre. One whose pulsations are narrow, deep,
and slightly hard.
Pulse, Convul'sive, Pulsus convnhi'vns, (F.)
Pouls convulsif. That which is unequally fre-
quent or unequally hard ; in short, which resem-
bles the irregular pulsations of a muscular fibre
in a state of convulsion.
Pulse, Ckit'ical, Pulsus crit'icus. A pulse
■which, after having possessed the characters of
irritation, becomes free, open, soft, &c.
Pulse, Decurtate, Pulsus myurus: see, also,
Myurus.
Pulse, Deep, Pulsus pro/nn'dus, (F.) Pouls
profoud. One which cannot be felt without diffi-
culty, and without strong pressure by the finger.
Pulse, Depic"ient, Pulsus defic"iens seu an'-
nnens et cirrum'nuens, P. Flickering, (P.) Pouls
defnilhtnt, P. insensible. One which seems, every
instant about to cease.
Pulse, Depressed, Pulsus depressus, (F.)
Pouls deprime. That which is deep and weak.
Pdi.SE. Dbvel'oped, (F.) Poids dhieloppi.
That which is broad, full, strong, and frequent.
Pulse. DicROT'iC, Pulsus Di'crotus seu bi'cro-
tus seu intestina'lis seu hi/e'rieus seu mallea'ris
seu interci'sus seu duplex, (F.) Pouh dicrote ou re-
londissunt ou redouble. That in which the finder
is struck twice at each pulsation; once lightly,
the other time more strongly.
Pulse, Equal, Pulsus cequa'lls. That in
which the pulsations resemble each other, and
return at eqnal intervals.
Pulse, Febrile, Pulsus fcbri'lis. One very
frequent.
Pulse, Feeble, P. Wenlc, Pulsus deh'ilis, (F.)
Pouls faille. One which strikes the finger feebly.
Pulse, Fil'iform. P. thready. One which re-
sembles a thread slightly vibrating.
Pulse, Flickering, Pulse, deficient.
Pulse, Foum'icant, Pulsus formi'cans, (F.)
Pouls fiirmicunt. One which resembles, by being
small and scarcely perceptible, the motion of an
ant.
Pulse, Frequent, (F.) Ponls agitS ou prh:ipite.
One which strikes more frequently than usual in
a given time.
Pulse, Full, Pulsus phnus, (F.) Pauls pleiu.
One which gives the notion of great repletion in
the vessel.
Pulse, Goat-leap, P. Caprizant.
Pulse, Gut'tural, Pulsus guttura'lls, (F.)
Pouls guttural. A pulse which has been sup-
posed to indicate the termination of afleclions
of the throat.
Pulse, Hard, Pulsus durus, (F.) Pouls dur.
That in which the pulp of the finger seems to
yield to the pulsation.
Pulse, Hectic, Pulsus hec'ticns. The weak,
frequent pulse observed in hectic fever.
Pulse, Hemorrhoid'al, (F.) Pauls des lU-
morrhotdes. A critical pulse, announcing the
appearance of the hemorrhoidal flux. It is dc-
scribecl as unequal; — the pulsations not being
alike in force, and still less the intervals.
Pulse, IIepat'ic, (F.) Pouls du Pole. A j)ulse
imagined to indicate aflfections of the liver. It is
not worthy of description.
Pulse, Infe'rior, (F.) Pouls inferieur ou nh-
domiual ou ventral. One supposed to announce
evacuations below the diaphragm.
Pulse, Intercur'rent, Pulsus intercur'rrus
seu interci'dens. One in which a superfluuus
pulsation seems to occur from time to time.
Pulse, Intermittent, (F.) Pouls iutenadfut.
One in which the pulsations fail from time to
time.
Pulse, Intes'tLVAL, (F.) Pauls des iutcslins,
P. de la diarrhee. A critical pulse, presumed to
announce an evacuation by the intestines.
Pulse, In'tricate, Pulsus intrica'lus, (F.)
Pouh embarrassee. That which is but little de-
veloi)ed and unequally slow.
Pulse, Irreg'ular, Pulsus auorma'Us. One
PULSE
PULSUS
■whope pul.aations are unequal, and return at un-
equal interviilst.
Pdl.SK OK Iruita'tion, Puhun nh ii-rltatio'ne
geu iiervi'iiiis scu (icn't'iiuii. One which is fre-
quent, hard, and contracted.
Pui.sk, Jauuing, p. vibrating — p. Jerking,
Pulse, iiharp.
Piil.sK, liANGi'iD, (F.) PohIh lanrjuiseant. A
glow and feeble pulse.
PiM.sE, Laugk, PiiIhhs crnumtH scu maf/nuii,
(F.) I'oitU (jiand, P. lanje. That which is large
and full.
PiJLSR, Long. One which strikes the finger to
a great extent in length.
PuLSK, Low, PuhitH hu'milii, (F.) Poula has.
One in which the pulsations are scarcely percep-
tible.
PilLSK, Nasal, (F.) Poula nasal ou capital
ou du Nez. One supposed to announce the end
of an irritation in the nasal fossae.
Pulse, Nat'iiral, (F.) Pmda vatnrel dea
(ididtea oU juirfin't ou dea adidtea ou viodere.
One that is eciual and regular in strength a.nd
fre(|ueney; compressible, and devoid of hardness.
Pui.SK. Ougan'ic, (F.) Poids or<faiu'</He. One
which indicates the alTected organ, or the organ
by which an evacuation will take place.
PULSK, Pkc'toual, (F.) Poula de V expectora-
tion. A critical pulse, announcing the termina-
tion of some pulmonary irritation.
Pulse, Quick. One which strikes sharply,
but not forcibly, against the finger.
Pulse, Reg'ular, Pulmta norrwi'lia seu rerju-
In'ria. One whose pulsations are equal, and suc-
ceed each other at equal intervals.
Pulse, Hesist'ing, (F.) Poula resiatant. One
a little tense, a little hard.
Pulse, Shaup, (F.) Poula prompt ou vite ou
vif. One which strikes the finger sharply, ra-
pidly. When to a greater extent, it is called a
jerhiur/ pulae.
Pulse, Sharp-tailed, Pulsus myurus: see
Jlyurus.
Pulse, Simple, Pahua simplex. A critical
pulse, indicating an evacuation by one organ
only.
Pulse, Slow, Puhua tardus seu rarua, (F.)
Poula lent ou tnrdif o\i rare. One which strikes
the finger slowly.
Pulse, Small, Pidsua pnrvua,(¥.) Poula petit.
One whose pulsations are slender and weak.
Pulse, Soet, Pulaua mollia, (F.) Poula mou.
One which yields under the finger.
Pulse, Stom'achal, (F.) Poula stomacal ou
de I'raiomac. One supposed to announce an eva-
cuation by the stomach.
Pulse, Strong, Puhua fortia, {¥.) Poula fort,
P. rfhhueut. One which strikes the finger
Strongly.
PuLSK, Supe'rior, Pulana Superior, (F.) Pouls
tuphieur. A critical pulse, supervening on irri-
tation of organs situate above the diaphragm.
Pulse. Sui'PLE, Pulaua elaa'ticua, (F.) Poula
louple. One in which the pulsations have strength
without hardness.
Pulse of Sweat, Pulaua Sudora'lia, (F.) Pouls
Sudoral ou de la aueur. A critical pulse, indi-
cating an approaching perspiration.
Pulse, Tense, P. Cordi/, Pulaua tenaua, (F.)
Poula tendu, P. roide. One in which the artery
resembles a cord fixed at its two extremities.
When resembling a wire, it is called wiry.
Pulse, Threapv, P. filiform.
Pulse, Trem'ulous, Pulaua trem'ulua, (F.)
Poula tremhlnnt ou palpitant. Ono in which
each pulsation oscillates.
PriSE Uv'ni'LATING, Pulaua ftuctuo aua seu
/ueim seu inci'deus Sola'ni, (F.) Puula ondulant
ou ondoyant. One which resembles, in its move-
ments, those of the waves.
Pulse, Une'ijual, Pulaua inaqua'lia, (F.)
Poula iu(<jal. One whose pulsations are not
alike, or return at unequal intervals.
Pulse, U'binal, Pulaua urina'Ua, (F.) Pouls
de I' Urine. A critical pulse, fancied to denote
an approaching evacuation of urine.
Pulse, U'terine, Pulaua uteri'uua, (F.) Poula
Uterine ou de la Jlatrice ou dea lier/lea. One
which indicates the flow of the menses, or the
occurrence of metrorrhagia.
Pulse, Vag"inal, Pulaua vagina'lis. The
pulsation of the arteria vaginalis, which is in-
creased in pregnancy, during abortion, labour, <fec.
Pulse, Venous, Pulsus venarum.
Pulse, Vermic'ular. That which imitates
the movement of a worm.
Pulse, Vi'brating, Jarring Pulae. One in
which the artery seems to vibrate like a musical
string.
Pulse, Wiry, see Pulse, tense.
PULSELESS, Aaphyc'toa, Devoid of pulsation.
PULSELESSNESS, Asphyxia.
PULSEY, Cataplasm.
PULSIF'IC, Pulaif'icua; horn pulaua, 'pulse.'
That which causes or excites pulsation.
PULSILE'GIUM, Pulailo'i/ium, Pulaim'eter,
from pulaua, ' the pulse,' and lego, ' I read.'
Sphygmole'ijium, Sphygmom'eter, Sphygmoavop'-
ium. Any instrument for measuring the quick-
ness or force of the pulse.
PULSLMANTI'A, from pulaua, and ^avreia,
' divination.' Tlie art of predicting or prognosti-
catinji; by the pulse.
PULSIMETER, Pulsilegium.
PULSUS, Pulse— p. Acriticus, Pulse of irrita-
tion— p. vEqualis, Pulse, equal — p. Annuens et
circumnuens. Pulse, deficient — p. Anormalis,
Pulse, irregular— p. Bicrotus, Pulse, dicrotic— p.
Bifericns, P. dicrotic — p. Caprizans, Pulse, ca-
prizant — p. Cordis, see Heart — p. Crassus, Pulse,
large — p. Debilis, Pulse, feeble — p. Deficiens,
Pulse, deficient — p. Dicrotus, Pulse, dicrotic — p.
Dorcadissans, Pulse, eaprizant— p. Duplex. Pulse,
dicrotic — p. Durus, Pulse, hard — p. Elaslicus,
Pulse, supple — p. Fluctuosus, Pulse, undulating —
p. Fluens, Pulse, undulating — p. Formicans, For-
inicant, and Pulse, formicant — p. Fortis, Pulse,
strong — p. Fusaiis, Pulse, eaprizant — p. GazeU
lans. Pulse, eaprizant^ p. Ileterochronicus, see
Ileterochronicus— p Ilumilis, Pulse, low— p. In-
cidcns Solani, Pulse, undulating— p. Intercidens,
Pulse, intercurrent — p. Mallearis, Pulse, dicrotic
—p. Intercisus, Pulse, dicrotic — p. Intercurrens,
Pulse, intercurrent— p. Intestinatis, Pulse, dicro-
tic— p. Intricatus, Pulse, intricate — p. Magnus,
Pulse, large — p. Mollis, Pulse, soft.
Pulsus Myu'rus, I'ulse dccurtate or aharp-
tailed, (F.) Poula myure. One which goes on
diminishing. See Myurus.
Pulsus Neuvixus, Pulse of irritation — p. Nor-
malis, Pulse, regular — p. Parvus, Pulse, small —
p. Plenus, Pulse, full — p. Rarus, Pulse, slow.
Pul'suS SkrRI'nus, (F.) Poula aerrin OU aer-
ratile. One which strikes, sometimes strongly,
at Others feebly, and recalls the idea of a saw.
Pulsus Striatus, (F.) Poida etroit. One that
strikes the finger to a small extent in breadth.
Pulsus Suporalis, Pulse of sweat— p. Tardus,
Pulse, slow — p. Urinalis, Pulse, urinal — p. Ute-
rinus. Pulse, uterine.
Pulsus Vac'uus. (F.) Poula vide. One which
gives the idea of emptiness of the artery.
Pulsus Vaginalis. Pulse, vaginal.
Pulsus Vena'rum, Venoua Pulae, Phlebopa'lia.
A pulsation occasionally noticed in the jugular
veins. It is owing to some of the blood of the
,1 right ventricle reflowing into the right auricle,
PULTACEOUS
rULVIS
and communicating an impulse to the venous
1)1(>(k1 i»nivini;in the auricle through the descend-
in;^ Ciivii. It is often a sign of impediment to the
flow of blood along the pulmonary artery.
PULTA'CEOUS, Pulta'ccus, (F.) Pullace, from
pvln, 2niltia, 'pnp,' or from piillare, pultus, 'to
bciit.' Resembling pap. Having a softened,
semifluid a))pearance.
PULTATIO, Atheroma.
PULTISE, Cataplasm.
PULTICULA, Jinuillle.
PULVERES EFFERVESCENTES, Powders,
soda.
PULVERI'ZABLE, Ptd'verahh. From pitlvia,
ptilreris, ' dust.' Capable of being reduced to
powder.
PULVERIZA'TION, PulveHsa'tio, Pulvera'-
tio, Conionto'sis, (F.) PiiMrisation. The opera-
tion of dividing substances, so as to reduce them
to powder.
Most drugs are reduced to powder by persons
who make it a special business, and who are
called drill/ grinders. This is done on a large
scale in drug mills ; and the implements used are
the (jrindiuii mill and the stamping mill. In the
sho]) of the apothecary, pulverization is effected
by the pestle and mortar, and the sieve.
Where substances require the addition of other
bodies to facilitate their reduction to powder, —
ns where camphor needs a few drops of alcohol —
the process is called pulverization by mediation.
PULVEIWLKS, see Pulvis.
PULVER'ULKNT, Pnlvervlen'tns; from pnl-
ris, pnhcris, ' dust.' Reduced to the state of a fine
]iowder. Covered, as it were, with dust. An epi-
thet applied to tlie eyes when they appear dirty,
and, as it were, sprinkled with dust, by reason of
granulations or grayish strisp, resulting from
thickening of the mucous fluid of the conjunctiva.
— Nvsten.
PULVILLUS, Pad, Bonrdonnet— p. e Lina-
mentis confectus, Bourdonnet — p. Rotundus,
Bonrdnnnet.
PULVI'NAR, Pnlcinn'rinm. A pillow.
PuLViNAR HiiMULi, sce Ilumulus lupulus.
PuLViNAU Medica'tiim seu Medicina'le, ^c'-
cnluH medicina'lia. A medicated pillow; as of
hops.
PuLviNAR Parvum, Pad — p. Ventriculi, Pan-
creas.
PULVIS. Conia, Powder, (F.) Poudre. A sub-
stance, reduced into small particles by pulveriza-
tion. Simple poiiiders are those of a single sub-
stance; compound, those which result from a mix-
ture of several different powders. An impalpable
powder is one which is so fine that it can scarcely
be felt under the finger. Compound powders
have been called Species, (F.) Especea, E. pul-
verulenles, Pnlcemles.
PtiLVis Absorbrxs, p. de magnesiS, compos. —
p. Adspersorius, Catapasma — p. Alexiterius, P.
contrayervaj comp. — p. Alexiterius, P. ipecacu-
anha; corapositus — p. Algarothi, Algaroth.
PuLVis Aloes Compos'iths, P. Aloea cum
Guai'aco, P. aloet'icus cum Guaiaco, Oompo)tnd
powder of Aloea. (Aloea, ^iss, guaiac. res. 5j,
jndv. cinnam. comp. ^ss. Rub the aloes and
guaiacum separately, tlien mix the whole. Ph. L.)
Cathartic, stomachic, and sudorific. Dose, gr. x
to 9.i.
PcLvis Aloes ctTM Canel'la, P. aloes et cn-
vella, (Ph. U. S.), P. Aloel'icua, Powder of Aloea
with Canella, Speciea Hi'erce pierce. Hi'era picrn,
vulg. Hi'krt/ pi'krii, Piera, and Pi'kry. (Aloea
tt>J, canell. ,^iij. Rub separatelj' into a powder,
nnd mix. Ph. U. S.) A warm cathartic. Dose,
gr. X to 9j.
Pulvis Aloes oum Guaiaco, P. A. eomposi-
tus — p. Aloeticus, P. aloes cum candid — p. Alo-
cticus, Iliera piera — p. Aluminosus, P. sulphnfis
aluuiinre compositus — p. Aiuminis compositus, P.
sulphatis alumina; compositus — )). Aiuminis kino-
satus, see P. sulphatis alumina; compositus.
Pulvis de Ama'his Compos'itus, /*. aniiar-
thrit'ictta ama'riia, (F.) Poudre antiarthrilii/ue
a7n?re. (Gentian., arietoloch. rotund., aa p. 3,
for. centaur, win. p. 4,/ol. chamcr.dr., rhania>-
j)i7/i. manipul. — f. pulvis, yVy. /'.) In gouty af-
fections, dyspepsia, &c. Dose, gr. xx.
Pulvis A.ngklicus, Algaroth — p. Anodynus,
P. ipecacuanha; comp. — p. Antiacidus, P. cretio
compositus — p. Antiacidus, P. do magnesia,
compos. — p. Antiarthriticus amarus, P. de ania-
ris compositus — p. Antiarthriticus purgans, P. do
senna, scammonea et lignis — p. Antiasthmatieus,
P. de suljihure et scillS,.
Pulvis Antilys'sus, Jlfead'a powder against
the bite of a mad dug. It consisted of aHh-eotuurrd
liverwort in powder, with an e<)uiil quantity of
black pepper ; a drachm and a half of the two
forming a dose for an adult.
Pulvis Antimonialis, Antimonial powder.
Pulvis iie Auo Compos'itus, Compoinut Pow-
der of Arum, (F.) Poudre de irirekmann, (l{«,l.
ari, ocori rcri, pimpine/l. saxifrag. aa 40 p., oeul.
cancror. ppt. 12 p., cinnam. 7 p., potaasa suljih.
6 p., ammonia mtiriat. 2 p. — f. pulv. Ph. J'.)
Sternutatory.
Pulvis Aromaticus, P. cinnamomi composi-
tus.
Pulvis As'ari Compos'itus, P. stemutnio'-
rins seu errhi'nns sen capila'lis Sancti An'geli
sen cephal'ieua, Cephal'ic snuff. Compound pow-
der of Asarabac'ca, (F.) Poudre d'asarum eom-
pos6e dite sternntatoire, P. de Saint-Ange. (Asur.
Europ. p. 3, origan, tnajorance, lavand., sing.
p. 1. Rub into powder. Ph. L.) Sternutatory.
Pulvis Auui, see Gold — p. e Bolo composi-
tus cum opio, P. cretoe compositus cum opio —
p. e Bolo compositus sine opio, see P. eretm
compositus — p. Cambogiae compositus, P. e.
gummi guttil — p. Capitalis Sancti Angeli, Pulvis
asari compositus — p. Carbonatis calcis composi-
tus, P. cretre compositus — p. Cardiacus, P. con-
trayervae comp. — p. Carthusianorum, Antimonii
sulphuretum rubrum.
Pulvis Cat'kchu Compos'itus, Compovnd
Powder of Catechu. ( Catechu, kino, aa ,^ij ; cin-
nam., myrist, aa ^ss.) Dose, as an astringent,
gr. XV to XXX.
Pulvis Catiiarticus, P. scammonese comp. —
p. Cephalicus, P. asari compositus.
Pulvis Cinnamo'mi Compos'itus, Compound
Powder of Cin'namon, Pulvis seu Spe'cies Ivipe-
rato'ris, Pulvis aromat'icus (Ph. U. S.), P. vita
Impernto'ria seu Diaro'mnton, Species diacinna-
mo'mi seu lestifican'tes Khazis seu Diam'hrtB sine
odora'tia seu aromat'ica, Tru'gea aromat'icn,
Aromatic powder, (F.) Poudre de canellc conipo-
see ou aromatique. (Cinnam., zingib. aa.^ij, crir-
dam., myrist. aa ,^j. Rub to a fine powder. Ph.
U.S.) Stimulant and carminative. Dose, gr. x
to 9j.
Pulvis Cobbii seu Tunquinen'sis. The fa-
raous Tonqnin powder, introduced into England
by a Mr. Cobb. It was composed of Ifi grains
of musk, and 48 grains of cinnabar ; and was
mixed in a gill of arrack. It was formerly re-
ganled as a specifio in hydrophobia.
Pulvis Comitis AVaUwicensis, P. Cornachini
— p. Comitissae, Cinchona.
Pulvis Contrayer'v^ Compos'itus, P. rardi'-
aens seu alexite'riits seu Mantua'nua, Lapis eon-
trayervcB, Contrayerva halls. Compound Powder
of Confrayer'va. (Contrayerv. covlrit. ^\', test,
prap. Ibiss. Mix. Ph. L.) Stimulant and
sudorific. Dose, gr. xv to ^ss.
Pulvis Coknachi'ni, P. Ox'ydi Stih'ii com-
ruLvis
PULYIS
fos'lUm seu Com'i'th W'lrwiceu'gls sen de Tn'hiis
SiU Scitnimii'nii aiilim<nii<t'l!H, Dinceltntes'iinn
I'linimlxi, fJdil of Wdiwick'a Powder. Cer'beriis
'J'n'rcpi, (F.) I'lnnlre Coniiichiiie. (Sciimmon.,
jxilHHH. mi/iertart., antim. din/)li. aa p. as. f. j)ulvi8,
Ph. P.) Cathartic. Used chiefly in cutaneous
disciiHeti. Dose, ^ss to ^j.
PlH.VlJS CORNU USTI Cl'sr O'i'IO, P. opia'tllD,
Powilur (,f /{unit Ilnrdilioni with opium, (F.)
Pmidre de come brtdee arec I'lt^iiiim. (Ojiii dun'
oont. ^']. corn. nut. picep. ^j, curcor. cont. ^.j.
Mix. Ph. L.) Ten grains contain one of opium.
Anodyne.
Pn.vis CuETACEUs, P. cretaa compositus.
Pl'I.VIS CllKT^. CoJIPOs'lTUS, P. Corbonn'th
Cdlcin coinpoiiliig sou cretn'eeua sen <uiti(c"idus
ecu ten-en' ti-iH, Spe'eies e Scor'dio nine opio, S. Din-
cre'tcp., VoiDpound Powder of Chiilk, Dlimcord'-
iiiiii ; (with Bole Arineniac in place of chalk — the
PidviH e linlo coiiipimitii'i sine opio ;) (F. ) I'oiidre
de eraie componie. {Oreta>, }>pf. Ibss, ciiiiiam.^iv,
toniieiili//., acacia:, sing. ,5iij, pip. lour/. ^)V.
Reduce separately to a fine powder, and nii.Y.
/'/( L.) Antacid, stomachic, absorbent. Dose,
gr. XX toQij.
PULVIS ClMiT/G CoMPOS'lTUS CUM O'PIO, ColH-
pouiid Powder of Chalk with opium, P. e Cretd
compositus cum opio; (with Bole Arineniac in-
stead of chalk — P. e liolo compoxitus cum o]>io ;)
Specien e Scordio cum opio, (F.) Poudre de craie
coiiipon^e aver I'opium. (Pulv. cret. c. 5vjss, opii
diiri cont. ^iv. Mix, Ph. L.) Contains one
grain of opinm in 40. Anodyne and absorbent.
Dose, ^j to 9ij.
Pui.vis DiAiMioHETictis, p. ipecacuanhae comp.
— p. Diapnoicus, P. ipecacuanhiie comp. — p. Dia-
roiiiaton, P. cinnainomi compositus — p. Diasena?,
P. sennas compos. — p. Diaturpethi compositus, P.
jalapa? compositus.
PiUAis Ducis Potitlan'di.k, I)uke of Port-
land'h Gout Powder, (F.) Poudre dii Due de Port-
laud ou de la Afiraudole. (Had. ariatoloch., gen-
tianoB, iitmniit. chammdr., centaur, min. aa p. aj.)
Dose, 5ss to p;}.
PtriA'is Emmknagogur, P. myrrhae compositus
— p. Kpilcpticus Marchionum, P. do mairnesia
compositus — p. Errhinus, P. asari compositus —
p. (iaiactopoeus, P. de magnesia compos.
P(ii-vis E (iiiMMF GuTTA, P. <^fimbo'f/icB compo-
aitunseu hiplrnr/o'i/ui. Cambor/e Powder. (F.) Pon-
dre hydragorpte ou de gnmme gntte ou de Querce-
tn';i»«. [Rad.jalnp, 24 p., rad. mechoncan. 12
p., ciuunm., rhei. aa 8 p., gutu. cambog. 3 p., fol.
tolilaiielltE sice. 6 p.. ncjiiiu. iinisi 12 p., fiat pulvis.
Ph. P.) A drastic cathartic. In anasarca and
in worms. Dose, gr. xv to xxx.
Pui.vis Gummo'siis Alkali' us, Sapo regcta'-
hilis, (F.) Poudre de nitron vegetal. (Guainc.
pulv. 32 p., pot((i)ii. carb. 4 p. Make into a pow-
der. /'/(. P.) Antacid.
Pi'LVis EX IIelminthocotit'o Compos'itiis, p.
vcrmi/'ugus abni/ue mercu' rio, (F.) I'oudre vernii-
Jiiye sous mercure. (Fuc. heliuiuthocort., sou.
contra., sunnuitat. absinth., tauaceti, fol. scordii,
fnna;, rhei. aa p. ae, fiat pulvis. J'h. P.) Lose,
Pulvis lIvnnAGOGUS, P. e gummi guttil — p.
Ilydrargyri einereus, see Ilydrargyri oxydunn
cinereutn — p. Ilypnoticus, Ilydrargyri sulphu-
retiim nigrum — p. Imperatoris, P. cinnamomi
compositus — p. Tncisivus, P. de sulphure et scillS,
— p. Pro infaiitiUus. P. ile magnesia compos — p.
InfanlMm, P. de magnesia compos. — p. Infantum
antacidus. P. de inagnesiil compositus.
Pi'LVis Ipecacuan'h.e Compos'itits, P.nlexi-
te'riuK seu anod'i/uun iic\i di'iphorcl'icnn $e\idiap-
iio'iciis seu sudorif'iciis Dore'ri sou Ipecacuaiihce
ct O/iii (Ph. U. S.). (Compound Powder of [pecar- 1
uanha, Dover's Powder, (F.) Poudre de Dover ou !
d'ipecacuanha et d'opium ou de Dower. (Tpeca-
cuauh. pulv., opii pulv., sing ^], 2'otass(B sulphat.
^j. Mix. Diaphoretic. Dose, gr. v to gr. xij.
Pulvis IPECACUANHy^; et Opii, P. ipecacuanhae
compositus.
Pt'LVis Jalap'jE Compos'itus, p. Diaturpe'thi
compositus sou laxans seu 2"irgaiis seu liijcati'vns
vcgetab'ilis seu laxaus cum sale seu Jalap' cb salt' -
nils seu Jalaj/a; tartar'icus. Species JJiafalapcP.,
Compound Powder of Jalap, (F.) Poudre de jalap
composee. (Pulv. jalap, ^^j, potass, biturt. ^\].
Mix.) Cathartic. Dose, J^j to ,^ij.
Pulvis Jalap.13 Salinus, P. jaiapse composi-
tus— p. JalapiB tartaricus, P. jalapaj compositus
— p. de Jalapa et scammonio compositus, P.
scammoneae comp. — p. Jamesii, Antiinonial pow-
der— )). Jesuitieus, Cinchona — p. Joanuis de Vigo,
Ilydrargyri nitrico-oxydum.
Pulvis Kino Compos'itus, Compound Powder
of kino, (F.) Poudre de kino composee, (Kino
,^xv, cinnam. ^iv, opii duri ^j. Rub each to
powder, and mix. Ph. L.) Astringent. Dose,
gr. v to XX.
Pulvis Laxans, P. jalapae compositus — p.
Laxans cum sale, P. jalapae compositus — p. Lax-
ativus vegetabilis, P. jalapae compositus.
Pulvis de Magne'sia Compos'itus, P. Galac-
tnpor.'us seu Nutri'cum seu Tiifau'tum seu Infan-
tum antac"idus sou pro lufan'tibus seu antiac"-
idus seu absor'beus seu epilep'tlcus Marchio'num,
Compound Powder of 3/agne'sia, (F.) Poudre ab-
sorbante et anti-acide. (Magnesia, aacchar. Sa
p. ae. Mix. /'//. P.)
Pulvis Mantuanus, P. contrayervje comp. —
p. Marchionis, Marchionis Pulvis — p. Mercurialis
einereus, Ilydrargyri oxidum cincreum — p. ad
Mucum pulmonalem liberius ciendum, P. de sul-
phure et scilla.
Pulvis MvnRH^ Compos'itus, P. e Myi-rhd
compositus seu ad ul'cera tend'inum SOU emmeu-
agiigus. Compound ilijrrh Powder, (F.) Poudre
liahamique. (MyrrhcB, sabiucB, ruta, castor. Jiuss.
aa ,^j.) A stimulant, antispasmodic, and emme-
nagdgue. Dose, gr. xv. to xl.
Pulvis Nuthicum, P. de magnesia compositus
— ]). Opiatus, P. cornu usti cum opio — p. Oxydi
stibii compositus, P. cornachini — p. ad Partum,
Ergot — p. Parturiens, Ergot — p. de Phosidiate
caleis et stibii compositus, Antimonial pimWi-r — ■
p. Principis, Ilydrargyri nitrico-oxydum — p. i'lir-
gans, P. jalap.B compositus — p. Quercctaiius,
Ilydrargyri submurias.
Pulvis Qurhcus Mari'Nj??, Powder of Yellow
Bladder-Wrack. (The wrack in fruit, dried,
cleaned, exposed to a red heat in a crucible with
a perforated lid, and then reduced to powder.
Ph. D.) Virtues dependent on iodine : used, con-
sequently, in bronchocele, &c. Dose, gr. x to xl.
See Fucus vesiculosus.
Pulvis Rhei Compos'itus, Compound Powder
of Rhubarb. (3fagnes. ^)^, zinglb. pulv. ^'\'^, rhei
pulv. 5iv. M. /-■//. E.) An antacid and laxative.
Dose, 9.i to 9ij.
Pulvis Sali'nus Compos'itus, Compound Sa-
line Powder. (Smlii chlorid., magnesicB sulphat.,
ail ^iv, potas. sulphat. ,^iij. Ph. E. Dose, as an
aperient, two or tiuoe drachms dissolved in water.
Pulvis ScAJiMo'.xK.f: Compos'itus, P. e Scam-
monio compositus seu Scammonii seu de Jalapd et
Scaninio'nio compositus dictUS Cathar'ticus, Com-
pound Powder of Scammony, (F.) Poudre cathar-
tiipic ou Poudre de Scammouec cnniposfe. (Scam-
mon., ext. jalap, dur., sing.,^^ij, ziugib. ,^ss. Rub
separately to powder, and mix. Ph. L.) Cathar-
tic. Dose, gr. viij to gr. xv.
Pulvis Scammo'nii cum Aloe. P. e Scammonio
cum Aloe, Scammony and Aloes Powder. (Sram-
otr. iiS 5'**>
to XV.
- ' ^ c - ■ -
man. J^'j, ext. jalap, dur., aloes Soco
ling, jss.) Cathartic. Dose, gr. x I
rUMEX
7 7 6
r u r I L
Prr.vis ScAMMONii Antcmonialis, p. corna-
chini.
PlJLViS Senn^, Compos'iths, P. e Sentni roni-
pom'tiis sen e Send cnmponitiin seu Diase'ucE,
Compoiiiid Powder <•/ Seiiiin, (F.) Poitdre de efiie
fomponee. (Senna, potitx. siipert<nt., sing., 3'j>
KCiimmoii. ^ss, ziuijib. ^ij. Ph. L.) Cathartic,
hydraf^'ogue. D(>.«o. Qj to 7,].
PiLvis DE Senna. !Scam^io'nea etLignisCom-
POS'lTLS dicfllK ANTIAinillUT'lCUS PUKGANS, (^\)
Poiidre de Perard. [Gum Arnh., potass, siiper-
turt., fol. seinicB, chi»cB, aa 4 p., scammon., rad.
H'lrenpar., chhitF. c/uainc. liijn. ail 2 p., fiat pulvis.
Ph. P.) Purgative. Used to obviate gout. Dose,
Si-
Pulvis Stanni, see Tin — p. Sternutatorius, P.
asari compositus — p. Slibintus, Antimonial pow-
der — p. Stvpticus, P. Sulphatis aluminas com-
positus — p. Sudorificus, P. ipecacuanhae conip. —
p. Sudorificus Doveri, P. ipecacuanhae compo-
i^itus.
Pulvis Sulpha'tis Alu'miNjE Compos'itus,
P. alnmino'siis seu alu'mitiis hinosn'tus seu styp'-
ticus seu cthiDiiiiis cnnipositiis, Aln'nieu hi>iosa'-
tiim, Coiiipniind Alum Powder, (F.) Poudre styp-
tiqne ou d'aliini cotiipoiee. {.Sulphatis aluniiiKB,
p. iv, kuio, p. 1. Ph. E.) Astringent. In in-
testinal hemorrhage and diarrhoea. Dose, gr.
X to XV.
Pulvis de Sul'phuue et Scilla, P. antiasth-
mnt'iciis seu incisi'viia seu ad miiciim pnlmona' -
lent libe'riiis cieu'dtim, (F.) Poudre incisive ou
nnti-aithmatique. (Sacchar., p. 3, sulphur, lot, p.
2, acillcB. siccat. p. j. Ph. P.) Dose, gr. v to
3ss.
PuLTis DE Sulpha'te Potas'sjK Compos'itus,
P. teni'pernus Stah' Hi, {¥.) Poudre teniperante de
St'ihl. [Potass, sii/ph., P. iiitrat. aa 9 p., hijdrarq,
sulph. rubr. 2 p. Mix. Ph. P.) As an anti-
plili)flistie, and in acidity of the first passages.
Dose. 9j to ^ij.
Pi I. VIS E Si'LPIirRE'TO llYDRAn'GYRI NiGRO
ET Soammo'nio, dietus VEitMiF'iJGus Mercuria'-
LIS, (F.) Poudre vermifuf/e mercurielle. [Pulv.
coriiachin., hiplrarr/. sulphuret. ui</r. recent, prajp.,
aa p. ae. Mix. Ph. P.) Dose, Qj to J^ss.
Pulvis Sympatukticus, Sympathetic powder
— p. Teniperans Stahlii, P. de sulphate potassso
coinpositus — p. Tcrrcstris, P. cretae compositus.
Pulvis Tragacan'th^, Compos'itus, P. e Tra-
gncau'thd compositus, Species Diatragacan'tllee
fri(j"id(B, Compound Powder of Trayacaiifh, (F. )
Poudre de (jomme adraijant composee. [Tragn-
cauth. contus., acacia: cont., ami/H, sing., 3'*'^>
saech. purif. ^iij. Ph. L.) Demulcent. In
coughs, Ac. Dose, ,^ss to ^^iij-
Pulvis de Thibus, P. cornachini — p. Tonqui-
nensis, P. Cobbii. — p. ad Ulcera tendinum, P.
inyrrhre coinpositus — p. Vermifugus absque mer-
furio, Pulvis ex helminthocorto comp. — p. Ver-
mifugus mercurialis, P. e sulphureto hj'drargyri
nigro et scammonio — p. Vitas Imperatoris, P. cin-
nainnmi compositus.
PUMEX, L'ipis pu'micis, Pumice, (F.) Pierre
Ponce. This was formerly employed as a desicca-
tive and dentifrice.
PUMICR. Puinex.
PUMILIO, Nanus.
PUMILUS, see Nanus.
PUMM EL-FOOT, Kyllosis.
PUMP. BREAST, Antlia lactea— p. Stomach,
Stomach pump.
PUMPKIN, Cucurbita pepo.
PUNA, (S.) Veta, Sorocco, Soroche, Mareo ;
Jfi/pson'osus, Mountain Sickness, (F.) Jtfnl de
J/imtiKjue. A sickness common in the elevated
districts of South America and elsewhere, which
attacks those unaccustomed to breathe the rare-
lied atmosphere. It strongly resembles sea-
sickness, with a most acute and depressing tlirob-
bitig in the head. It docs not often allect the
respiration greatly.
PCXA/SE, Cimex.
Pl'NAISIE, Oza'iia.
PUNCH, Jihi'zaijra, from punr/ere, ])unctum,
'to prick.' liepnho'rium, (F.) liepoussidr. A
surgical instrument used for extracting the
stumps of teeth. See Lever.
Also, an agreeable alcoholic drink, made of
spirit, wine, sugar, lemon juice, and water. Milk
is sometimes substituted in part for the water : it
then forms 3lHk Punch.
PUNCTA OSSIFICATIONIS, Ossification,
points of.
PUNCTA. MUCOSiE, see Acne.
PUNCTICULA, Petechia'.
PUNCTIO, Paracentesis, Puncture — p. Ncrvi,
Neuronvgme.
PUNCTUM, Stitch.
PuNCTUM Au'rki'M, Pnnctu'ra au'ren. For-
merly, when an intestinal hernia was reduced by
an incision made through the integuments down
to the upper part of the spermatic vessels, a
golden wire was fixed and twisted, so as to pre-
vent the descent of any thing down the tunica
vaginalis. Hence the term.
PuNCTUM CjUCUm, see Optic nerve — p. Lacry-
male. Lachrymal punctum.
Punctum Sa'liens, p. snnguin'eum sa'liena,
Glob'ulus sfxngiiin'eus, Punctus ruber sa'lient.
The first moving point which makes its appear-
ance after the fecundation of the germ. It has
been generally, but erroneously, applied to the
heart of the embryo.
PtINCTURA, Paracentesis — p. Aurea, Punc-
tum aureum.
PUNCTURE, Pnnctu'ra, Punc'tio, Ccnte'sis,
Paracetite'sis, Nyxis, from pungere, punctum, 'to
prick ;' Tresis Punctnra, (F.) Piqure. A wound
made by a pointed instrument, as a sword, bayo-
net, needle, thorn, <fec. A puncture is, generally,
of trifling consequence ; but, sometimes, it be-
comes important from the parts implicated, and
the after consequences.
PUNCT'URING. Same etymon. Compunc'.
tio, Paracente'sis. (F.) Ponction. The operation
of opening, by means of a trocar, lancet, <tc., any
natural or accidental cavity, with the view of
evacuating any fluid, effused or accumulated
therein. Paracentesis is a sort of puncturing.
PUNCTUS RUBER SALIENS, Punctum
saliens.
PUNGENT, (F.) Pongitif. Same etymon.
Pain is said to be pungent, when it seems as if a
pointed instrument were forced into the suffering
part.
PU'NICA GRANA'TUM. The Pomegranate,
Rhoa, lihcea, Grana'tum, Malogrnna'tum, (F.)
Grenadier: Ord. Myrtacese. 6Vx. <S)/«<. Icosan-
dria Monogynia. The rind of the fruit, called
3f(ilicho'r{um, Jl/alacorium, Malicorium, Gra-
na'ti Fructds Cortex (Ph. U. S.) ; and the flowers
— called Balaustine flowers — are used in medi-
cine. They have been employed both internally
and externally as astringents. The seeds are
called Cocco'nes, KOKKiovt;. The portion, however,
of the plant, that has attained most celebrity, is
the bark of the root. Grana'ti Radi'cis Cortex
(Ph. U. S.), which appears to be very efficacious
in tasnia. It is given in decoction, (Granat. rad.
corl. ^\j : Aqua Oij, boiled to Oiss.) Dose, f.^ij,
every half hour. Three or four doses are usually
sufficient to expel the worm.
The bark contains a peculiar matter called
Grciiadin.
PUNK, Boletus igniarius.
PUOGENIA, Pyogenia.
PUPIL, Pvpil'la, Pu'pula, Ptipil'io, Via'io,
PUPILLyE VELUM
rURSLAXE
Op»i*, Cure, Cum, Rho.r, Fenea'tra seu Nifjrum
geu Foi-d'nieii Oc'uli, Pniiul'la, Lumen, (Jlene,
Si'jht or Ai,j,ie or Jia/l of Ihe eye, (Sc.) liliilc of
the Hie, (I'rov.) Coudle, (F.) I'Hijille, J'rinieUe.
The aperture of the iris, throujjh which the rays
of liRht ))!iss that have to impress the image of an
ohject on the retina. Tliis aperture can be di-
lated or contracted so as to allow a greater or
piiiiiUlt quantity of luminous rays to penetrate.
Tlie pupil, in man, is round, and by it the ante-
rior and posterior chambers of the eye commu-
nicate with each other. In the foetus, during the
first six months of gestation, it is closed by the
pupillary membrane.
PuiML, Closure op the, Synezizis.
Pui'iL. PiiNHOLE. A condition of the pupil in
typhus, in which it is so contracted as to resem-
ble a pinliole. It indicates a dangerous form of
brain nll'cction.
V\]\nL\.M VELUM, Pupillary membrane.
PIIPILLARIS IIERBA. Lapsana.
PU'PILLAHY, PiijnUa'Hs, (F.) PupiUalre.
That which belongs to the pupil.
Pl'PiLl-Aitv Membuane, Memhrn'na Piipillu'-
ri'f, Piijiil'lee velum, Jfemhrn'iia Wacheiidorfid' un.
The central aperture of the iris is closed, in the
foetus, during a certain period of gestation, by a
very thin membrane. It disappears in the seventh
month.
PUPPET ROOT, Veratrum viride.
PUPPIS OS, Frontal bone.
PUPULA. PupiL
PU'PULifE, A'pices dJijito'rum. The pulps or
extremities of the fingers.
PUUBLIND. Mvopic.
PURHMNDNE'SS, Myopia.
PU KIJ A M E NT, Purgative.
PURGAMENTA, Excrement — p. Alba, Leu-
corrhoea — p. Infantis, Meconium — p. Puerperii,
Lochia — p. Uteri, Lochia.
PUR(JAN8 MEDICAMENTUM, Cathartic.
PUKUATIO, Catharsis — p. Alvi, Catharsis —
p. Muliebris alba, Leucorrhoea — p. Puerperii,
Lochia.
PURGATION, Catharsis.
PURGATIONES, Menses — p. Menstruoe,
Menses.
PURGATfOyS, Menses.
PUR'GATIVE, Piirrjnti'iuia, Piirgnnfi, Moch'-
li'ctif, Cdtoi-et'ieiin, Gdtoter'iciii, Cnthar'tic, Piir'-
l/fiment, Piirrje, (F.) Piirrpitif. from pnr<jnre, pur-
yatiim, ' to cleanse.' A medicine which operates
luoro powerfully on the bowels than a laxative,
stimulating the muscular, and exciting increased
Becretion from the mucous,coat.
PURGE, Purgative — p. Root, Euphorbia co-
rollata.
PURGING. Diarrhoea.
PURIF'ICANS, Pnrif'i'cKS, from pnrificare,
'to make pure or clean.' Purifying; hence : —
PtiniFfCANTiA, Medicines that cleanse or purify
the blood.
PURIFTCUS, Purificans.
PU'RIFORM, Ptiriform'is, from pu9, pun's,
and foniKt. Having the appearance of pus.
PURL. A medicated malt liquor, in which
wormwood and aromatics are infused.
PURO-IIEPATITIS, see Hepatitis.
PURO-MUCOUS. Puro-miico'liiis, from pus,
puris, and mucus. Having the character or ap-
pearance of pus and mucus.
PURPLE OF CASSIUS, (F.) Pourpre de
C'lssiux. A precipitate, obtained by adding the
protochloride of tin to a dilute solution of gold ;
or by dipping rods of tin in a solution of gold in
diluted chlorohydric acid. Used in syphilis.
PUllI'LES. Purpura bicmorrhagica.
PUR'l'URA, Poi'ph;irn, 'a purple colour.'
This word Las been employed iu many senses.
It generally means, livid spots on the skin from
extravasated blood, with languor and loss of
muscular strength, pains in the limbs. — (F.)
Po\iipre.
In PiRPURA Simplex, Porpli'yra simplex, Fe-
tecliice siiiefebie, Pelio'sis, Phattiy'mus Petechia'-
lis, Piufu'sio subcutu'uea, Pete'chinl Scurvy, the
spots are numerous, but small and flea-bite-
shaped: chiefly on the breast, arms, and legs;
with paleness of countenance. At times, the
afi'ection is accompanied by severe pains in the
extreiuities, constituting Pelio'sis rheumat'ica.
In Purpura l{xy\oniinAG"\CA, Porph'yra ha-
morrhiuj"icii, Stomdc'nce universii'lis, lltBmorrha-
(jiii universii'lis, Petecliimio'Hts, Morbus tiiaculo'sua
licBmorrhii(j"icus Werlhof'ii, Pelio'sis hoemor-
rhri(j"icti, Scorbu'tus, Schorbu'tus, Hcemorrhoe'a
petecliiii'lis, HtF.matospil'id, Laud Scurvy, Pur-
ples, (F.) Scorbut, S. de Terrc, Maladie de Werl-
hoj, Ileniaceliuose, Peliose hemorrhiiyique — the
spots are circular, and of difl"erent sizes; often in
stripes or patches, irregularly scattered over the
thighs, arms, and trunk; with occasional haemor-
rhage from the mouth, nostrils, or viscera, And
great debility and depression of spirits.
In Purpura Nau'tica, Porphyra nautica,
Scorbu'tus, Pecliytyrbe, Giiiyibra'chium, Giugipe'-
dium, Scelotyr'be, Stonxic'iice, Scorbu'tus nau'ti-
cuH, Sea scurvy, (Sc.) Scrubie, (F.) Scorbut,
there are spots of different hues, intermixed with
the livid, principally at the roots of the hair; the
teeth are loose ; the gums are spongy and bleed-
ing; the breath is fetid, and the debility univer-
sal and extreme. This occurs chiefly at sea,
after exposure to a moist, cold, foul atmosphere;
with long use of one kind of food and of stag-
nant water.
All these varieties of purpura considerably re-
semble each other. In the first two, however,
there seems, at times, to be some excitement,
which has led to the employment of purgatives,
and even of bleeding, with advantage. They
are dependent upon a peculiar diathesis, which
has been termed Srorbu'tic Cachex'in, Lues Scor-
bu'tico, and Cttcochyiti' in Scorbii'ticn. Generally
speaking, the use of the mineral acids will be in-
dicated ; and, in sea scurvy, vegetable acids must
be regarded as the best antiscorbutics. Nitre is,
also, a good antiscorbutic, and in cases of great
prostration it may be united with cinchona
or turi)entine. Tamarinds and cream of tartar,
made into drink, are also serviceable. But the
great remedy is change from low to cheerful spi-
rits ; from filth to cleanliness; and from a cold
and damp, to a temperate and dry climate, with
change of food, and especially the use of green
vegetables.
The general principles of management are the
same in sea, as in land scurvy.
Purpura, Scarlatina — p. Alba benigna et ma-
ligna. Miliary fever — p. Jlaligna, Petechias — p
Miliaris, Miliary fever — p. Puerperarum, Miliary
fever — p. Urticata, Urticaria.
PURPURIC URINE, see Porphyruria.
PURPURINE. see Porphyruria.
PURPURISSUM, Hydrargyri sulphuretum
rubrum.
PURRING TREMOR, Fr^missemeut calaire.
PURSE, Scrotum — p. Shepherd's, Thlaspi
bursa.
PUR'SINESS, Dyspnm'ci piuguedino'sa, (F.)
Pousse. Dyspncen accompanied with oppressive
fatness. The word is, also, applied to dyspnoea
of every kind. One so affected is said to be pursy,
or short-ieiuded, (Prov.) Short-vf-puff, Thick-
listed. (F.) Poussif.
PURSLAIN. Purslane.
PURSLANE. Portulaea — p. Milk, Euphorbia
coroUata and E. maculuta — p. Speedwell, Ve»
rURSY
rVLEPIILEBITIS
rnnica percgrina — p. Water, Ludwigia palustris,
Vi'iimiea beccalmnga.
PURSY, pee Pursiness.
]»UKUr,ENCE, Pus, Suppuration.
PURULENCY, Pus, Suppuration.
PU'RULENT, Piinden'tiis, Em'pi/os, Pyo'des,
Pij'tcHs, from pux, purtn. That wiiieh has the
character of pus or consists of pus; as purulent
matter, a purulent collection, &c.
PuRtJLKXT DbPOSIT, Pus.
PURULENTIA, Suppuration.
PURVAIN, Verbena officinalis.
PUS, Humor puruleu'tun, Pi/on, Pt/otio'ma,
ilntter, Pu'ruleut cle/mn'it, Pu'rulence, Pu'rulency,
(Se.) Wournum, Worsum. A secretion from in-
flamed textures, and especially from the areolar
membrane. It is, almost always, of the same na-
ture, whatever may be the part it proceeds from.
Pus of a good quality, — laudable pus. Pus hovum
sou laudab'ile seu nutriti'vtim seu verum, (P.)
Pus louahle, — is of a yellowish-white colour,
opake, inodorous, and of a creamy appearance.
Heat, acids, and alcohol coagulate it. When
analyzed by Schwilgue, it afforded albumen and
water, a particular extractive substance, and a
small quanty of soda, phosphate of lime, and
other salts. Normal pus consists essentially of
two distinct parts, pus corpuscles or pus (/lobules,
Cjjtoid corpuscles, (Ilenle) — and a colourless,
aqueous fluid, liquor purls, in which the corpus-
cles are suspended. A variety of the pus cor-
puscles is described by M. Lebert under the name
jiijoid. Fully formed pus is aplastic.
Pas BoNTM, see Pus — p. Corpuscles, see Pus
— p. Corrosivura, Sanies — p. Globules, see Pus
— p. Laudable, see Pus — ;;. Louable, see Pus —
p. Malignum, Ichor — p. Malignum, Sanies — p.
Nutritivum, see Pus — p. Verum, see Pus.
PUSH. Pustule.
PUSILLA'TUM, PusuWtum, from p»«!7/iw,
'small' [?]. A coarse powder.
PUSILLUS, Nanus.
PUSKILE, Pustule.
PUSTULA, Pustule — p. Ardens, Eczema— p.
Oris, Aphthae — p. Gangrenosa, see Anthrax — p.
Livida Esthoniai, see Anthrax.
PusTULyE Sicc.*;, Lichen.
PUSTULAR, Pustulous, Pnstnla'ris, Pustulo'-
sus, (F.) Pustuleu.r. Of or belonging to pusttrles.
Affected with pustules.
PUSTULA'TION, Pustula'tio, from pustula,
'a pustule.' The formation of pustules.
PUSTULE. Push-ile, Push, Pus'tula, from pus.
Ecpi/e'sis, Ecthy'ma, Bennth, Bube, Epauns'tnsis.
An elevation of the cuticle, with an inflamed
base, containing pus. Willan and Bateman
reckon four varieties of pustules, Pliltjzn'cium,
Psi/dra'cium, Achor, and Favus. The variolous
pustule is often called, by the French, Grain : by
us, Pock.
PUSTULE MALIGNE, see Anthrax.
PUSTULOU.**. Pustular.
PUSULATUM, Pusillatum,
PUT TO BED, Deliver.
PUTAMEN OVI, see Membrana putaminis.
PUTIUM, Prepuce.
PUTREDO, Hospital Gangrene, Putrefaction.
■VWiV.KV XC'IIO^, Putrefnc'tio,Putrescen'ti<,.
Sepsis, S'ip'rotes, Se'pcdon, Putrid or Putrefact'ive
fcrmeutatiou, from putris. puire, 'rotten,' and
facere, ' to make.' A decomposition, experienced
by animal substances, when deprived of life, and
placed under special circumstances. The pre-
seru'c of water is indispensable, the temperature
most favourable to it, is from 60° to 90° of
Fahrenheit. The most common products of pu-
trefaction are, water, carbonic acid, acetic acid,
ammonia, carburetted hydrogen, and a semi-
putrid substance, which is volatilized, and has an
infected odour. It has been supposed tlint st)nio.
thing like jiutrcfaclion may occur in the living
body, as in case of putrid fever. To this condi-
tion, Piorry has given the name Typhohit'uiia,
conceiving it to be owing to alteration of tho
blood by putrid animal matters. Puirr/action
signifies the state of becoming putrid : whilst Pu-
tridity, Putre'do, Putrid' itas, J'u'triduiss, (V.)
Puurrifure, is the State of rcjttenncss.
PUTRESCENT, llyposaprus— p. Poison, see
Poison.
PUTRESCENTIA, Putrefaction — p. Uteri
gravidi, Ilystcro-malacia.
PUTRID, Pu'tridus, Sapros, Sepedouo'des. (F.)
Putride, from putreo, ' to rot.' An C)iilhet for
some affections, in which the matters excreted
and the transpiration itself exhale a smell of pu-
tridity. It is particularly a])i)liod to typhus.
PUTRTDITAS, sec Putrclaction.
PUTRIDITY, see Putrefaction.
PUTRILA'GO, Putror, (F.) Putrilar/c. Same
etymon. The pultaceous matter or sloui/h, whiih
forms in certain gangrenous and other ulcers,
and is thrown off.
PUTROR, Putrilage.
PUTZOCIIILL. see Myroxylon Peruiferum.
PUXIRI, see Pichurim beans.
PYJ^MIA. Pyohicmia.
PYAR'THRUM, from irvov, 'pus,' and apOpov,
'joint.' A sup])urated joint.
PYCNAN'THEMUiM INCA'NUM, (m'xroi,
'dense,' and av&ettov, 'a blossom.') Cliuopod'ium
inca'num, Common Mountain Mint, Wild Basil.
An indigenous plant of the mint familij — Ord.
Labiatie — which flowers in August. It has tlio
aromatic properties of the mints.
Pycnan'tukmum Linifo'lutm, Virc/inia Thyme,
has like virtues.
PYCNICMASTTCA, Incrassantia.
PYCNOSIS, Inspissatio.
PYCNOTICA, Incrassantia.
PYEC'CHYSIS, from wov, 'pus,' and £(f;;^ti(7(j,
'effusion.' An effusion of pus.
PYELI'TIS, (F.) PyHite, from 7:u£>os, 'pelvis,'
and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammatiun
of the pelvis and calices of the kidney.
PYELOMETER, Pelvimeter.
PYELONEPIIRI'TIS, from ttucXo?, 'pelvis,'
vc(ppos, 'kidney,' and itis, denoting inflammation.
Inflammation of the kidney, and of the pelvis and
calices,
PYELOS, Pelvis.
PYEMESIS, Pyoemesis.
PYESIS, Suppuration.
PYETIA, Colostrum, Rennet.
PYGE, Nates.
PYGMiEUS, Pygmy.
PYGME, Fist, Forearm.
P YG.UEE, Pygmy.
Pl'^GMY, Pigmy, Pyf/tnes'us, (F.) Pyrjmfe, from
vvyfir,, 'the fist; as big .as the fist.' A dwarf.
The Pygmaji were a fabulous nation of dwarfs in
the extreme parts of India; or, according to
others, in Ethiopia.
PYGODID'Y'MUS, Did'ym\ts 'symphyoperina'-
"»' J^IJ9"P'"<J'^'>< fro'n "")"?> ' the nates,' and kov-
tioi. ' a twin.' A monstrosity, in which twins are
united by the sacrum and coccyx.
PYGOM'ELES, (F.) PyijomHe, from m<yr,,'\h(i
nates,' and /jcXtoi, ' un))rofitable.' A monster with
excessive growth on the nates or rump.
PYGOPAGES, Pygodidymus.
PYICUS, Purulent.
PYLE. Porta.
PYLEMPIIRAX'IS, from nvXv, 'porta,' 'a
gate,' and f/i0p<i(ij, 'obstruction.' Obstruction of
the vena porta.
PYLEPHLEBI'TIS, from ttwAi,, 'porta,' ^Ae^,
PYLORIC
•9 rYR AMIDES ANT&RIEURES
ifiUl^oi, 'a vein,' and iiin, denoting inflammation.
Iiill1iiiiinMli(pn of the vena porta.
PVLOK'IC. I'ylor'icuR, (F.) Pyhnlqw. Same
etymou as pyloru.s. That which relates to the
pyh.rus. An epithet },'iven to different parts.
PVLOmc AliTKiir, y\rte'na Corona' ri<i dextrn,
(F.) Pittite iirthe 'j(i>ttriqite droi'te, arises from the
hepatic, and is di.-trilnited to the pylorus and to
the lesser curvature of the stomach, anastomosing,
particularly, with the A. coronaria ventriculi and
A. K^stro-epiploica dextra.
Prt>oiiic Vein follows the same distribution as
the artery.
PYLORIQUE, Pyloric.
PYLO'KUS, /'e/i'/for, J'ortnna'rhini, from irvXri,
'a gate,' and ovpos, 'a guardian.' On'tium ven-
In'c'uli duodena' te sau pi//.or'icu>ii seu dcrtrum seu
iiife'rinn, OriJic"iHm dextniin seu iti/eriim seu
E;ire«'nui seu Oh iii/e'riim seu Au'iiuhis si'U Sp/iiiic-
ter vi'iitric' idi, Oitia'riiis, Ilostia'riiis, (F.) I'ljJore.
The lower or right orifice of the stomach — Orifice
iiitcntiixtl (Ch.) — is called Pylorus, because it
closes the entrance into the intestinal canal, and
is furnished with a circular, flattened, fibro-inu-
eims ring, which occasions the tfltal closure of
the stomach during digestion in that organ. This
ring has been called the Vah^e of tlie Pi/lorun,
Sjihiucter I'yio' ri, Pi/lo'ruH proprie sic dictus, (F.)
Vidrule du pi/lore. It is a fold of the mucous
and muscular membranes of the stomach; and
is the Pyloric muscle of some authors.
PYO, in composition, means 'pus,' from irvuv,
'pus.'
PYOBLENNICIIS, Mucopurulent.
PYOBLENNORRIKE'A, from pyo, and (iXcvva,
'mucus,' and peot, 'I flow.' A discharge of puri-
form mucus.
PYOCENO'SIS, h-om pyo, and Kcvioan, 'evacua-
tion.' Evacuation of pus.
PYOCIIEZ'IA, Diarrhao'a purulen'ta, from
pyn, and ;(£(ci), ' I go to stool.' Discharge of pus
by stool. Purulent diarrhoea.
PYOCCE'LIA, Asci'tca purnlen'tns, from pyo,
and KoiXia, ' the belly.' Pus ia the abdominal
cavity.
PYOCYSTIS, Vomica.
PYODES, Purulent.
PYG'iUE'iMA, from pyo, and oiSntia, 'swelling.'
Tumefaction of the surface owing to effusion of
pus.
PYOKM'ESIS, Pyem'esis, Vom'itus purulent' us,
from pyo, and ttttaii, 'the act of vomiting.'
Vomiting of pus.
PYOGENESIS, Pyogenia.
PYOGEN'IA, P«".<7«h'iV(, Pyorjen'esis, Pyopoe'-
si's, from /i^o, and yci/£<n{, 'generation.' Genera-
tion of pus. The theory or mechanism of the
formation of pus. Some have believed that pus
is formed by the arteriiil system, and is deposited,
by way of excretion, in the inflamed parts ; others,
that it is formed by the destruction of solid parts.
It seems to be owing to a degeneration of the
liquor sanguinis and exudation corpuscles.
PvoGKNiA CoRROSivA, Ulceration — p. Simplex,
Suppuration.
PYOGEN'IC, Pyor/en'icus. Same etymon.
Ilavina; relation to the formation of pus.
PYOILE'MIA, Pyw'inin, tF.) Pyohemie, from
pyo, and 'ai/ia, ' blood.' Alteration of the blood
by pus, giving occasion to the Diath'esis seu In-
fec'lio purulen'tn.
PYOID CORPUSCLES or GLOBULES, see
Pus.
PYOME'TRA, P. purulen'ta, from pyo, and
UnTM, ' womb.' A collection of pus in the uterus.
PvoMKTRA PuiuiLKNT.v, Pyometra.
PYON. Pus.
PVnXKPIIfifTE, see Nephritis.
PYONOMA, Pus.
PYOOTORRIICEA, Otirrhcea.
PYOPERICAR'DIA, Pyopericar'dium, from
pyo, ircfit, 'about,' and Kapdta, ' the heart.' A col-
lection of j)us in the pericardium.
PYOPIITJIALMIA. Hypopyon — p. Neonato-
rum, see Ophthalmia (purulenta infantum).
PYOPLEUlilTE, Empyema.
PYOPOESLS, Pyogenia.
PYOP'TYSIS, from ;;^o, and tttdw, 'I spit.'
Spitting of pus.
PY'^ORRIIAG"IA, from ;;!/o, and ^ayi;, 'violent
rupture.' A sudden discharge of a large collec-
tion of matter.
PYORRliffi'A, from pyo, and ptu, ' I flow.' A
discharge of pus.
PyortRHCEA Alvi.va, Pyochezia — p. Aurium,
Oiirrhnea — p. Nasalis, Ozicna — p. Palpebriu,
Blepharopyorrhoea — p. Urinalis, Pyuria^ p. Yi-
arum lacrymalium, Dacryopyorrhoea.
PYOSIS, Hypopyon, Pterygion, Suppuratioa
— p. Pectoris, Empyema.
PYOTHORAX VERUS, Empyema.
PYOTORRHEE, Otirrhoea.
PYOTURIA, Pyuria.
PYR, Fever.
Pl'RA, Anthrax — p. Crustumina, Crusturaina-
tum — p. Crustumerina, Crustuminatum.
PYR'AMID, Pyr'nmis, nvfiOfit;, irvpafiiSuS,
Eminen'tia pyramidu'lis tym'paiii, from -to,
'flame,' which has a conical appearance [?]. A
small bony projection in the cavity of the tym-
panum, which is excavated, to lodge the muscles
of the stapes. The Centre-pin of the trej)hine.
A small, obtusely pointed eminence of the infe-
rior vermiform i)rocess of the cerebellum.
Pyramid, see Cnlumba — p. of Malacarne, Ver-
miform process, inferior.
PYRAMIDAL DE L' ABDOMEN, Pyrami-
dalis abdominis — j>. de hi Cuisse, Pyramidalis — •
p. du Nez, Pyramidalis nasi — |;. Hlnpedien, Sta-
pedius.
PYRAMIDALE, (OS,) Cuneiform, (bone.)
PYRAMIDA'LIS ABDOM'INIS, Mus'cuhm
Follo'pii seu succenturia'tus sou aujcilia' rins, (F.)
Puhio-omhilicdl, Puhio-song-umhilicul (Ch.), Py-
rnmidnl de I'ahdomcn. A small, fleshy, pyrami-
dal fasciculus, whose existence is not constant;
and which is inserted, by its base, into the upper
part of the pubis, and terminates, by its summit,
at the inferior part of the linea alba. When it
contracts, it stretches the linea alba.
PyrAMIDa'i.is, p. Fcm'oris, Ili'ucus exter'nus,
Pyriform'is, Piriformis, Primus et superior quod-
rigeni'inus, (P.) Sacro-trovhonterien (Ch.), Py-
rnmidul de la cuisse. A fiat, triangular muscle,
situate at the posterior part of the pelvis. By its
base, it is attached to the anterior surface of the
sacrum; to the corrosiionding surface of the great
sacro-sciatic ligament and to the posterior part
of the ilium. It terminates by a tendon, which.
is attached to the inner surface of the great tro-
chanter. This muscle is a rotator of the thigh
outwards, or of the pelvis in an opposite direction.
PvRAMiDAi.is Fkmoris, Pyramidalis.
Pyramida'ms Nasi, Proc"erus vasi, Xasum
dilu'tans, (F.) Fronto-nasal (Ch.), Pyramid<d da
nez. A thin, triangular muscle, which has its
summit upwards. Above, it is continuous with
the occipito-frontalis. It descends vertically bo-
fore the root of the nose, on which it terminates,
becoming confounded with the transversalis.
This muscle wrinkles the skin of the root of tho
nose transversely, and stretches that which covers
the tip.
PY'RAMTDES. Corpora pyramidalia.
PYR AMIDES AXTERIEURES, Corpora
pyramidalia — p. Ferreini, Ferrein, pyramids of
PYRAMIDS OF MALPIGIII
780
PYRUS AMERICANA
■ — p. Malpighianse, Papillae of the kidney — p. Pos-
terieniet (l(t cercelel. Corpora restiforiuia.
PYRAMIDS OF MALPIGIII, PapiUre of the
kidney — p. of Ferrein, see Ferrein — p. Posterior,
Corpora restiforiuia — p. of Wistar, Sphenoidal
cornuii.
PYllAMIS, Penis, Pyramid— p. Cochleae, Mo-
diolus — p. Trigona, see Temporal bone.
PYIIC/EA, Incendium.
PYREC'TICA, 'febrile;' from Ttvperos, 'fever,'
and £Xi>), ' I have.' Fevers : the first order in the
class IIcBiiiaticn of Good.
PYltELAlNES, Olea empyreumatica.
PYKEXOIDES, Odontoid.
PYRETHHE, Anthemis pyrethrum.
PYRETHRUM, Anthemis pyrethrum, Urtica
— p. Parthenium, Matricaria parthenium — p. Syl-
vestre, Achillea ptarmica.
PYRETICO'SIS, from Trup, 'fire,' n-uptroj,
'fever;' Morbus febri'lh. A febrile affection.
PYRETIC US, Febrifuge, Febrile.
PYRETOGENETIC, Stimulant.
PYRETOGRAPH'IA, from Tri-gtrou 'fever,'
and ypaipri, 'a description.' A description of
fever.
PYRETOL'OGY, PyretoUx/'ia, from fftpperof,
'fever,' and \oyoi, 'a discourse.' Pyrol'oyy. A
treatise on fevers. A title sometimes given to a
monograph on fever.
PYRETOS. Fever.
PYRETOTYPOSIS, Intermittent.
PYREX'IA,Pyre.c'is, 77wp£|is,(:7«p, 'fire.') Fever.
The febrile condition. Also, a paro.xysm of fever
— Paroxysmim fehri'lls.
PvREx'i/E, Febrile diseases. The first class of
Culien's Nosology.
PYRI MARTIALES, Ferrum tartarizatum.
PYRIA, Fomentation, Vaporarium.
PYRIATERIUM, Vaporarium.
PYHICAUSTUM, Burn.
PYRIFOKMIS. Pyramidalis.
PYRII'II'LEGES, TTVfHtliXiyrig, Pyripllectos,
TvptrpXtKroi, from nvp, 'fire,' and (pXeyti), 'I burn.'
One who has a burning fever.
PYRITES, IRON, Ferri sulphuretum.
PYRMONT, MINERAL WATERS OF. A
celebrated mineral spring on the Weser, in West-
phalia, four leagues from Ilamelet. The waters
are tonic, and contain chlorides of sodium and
magnesium, sulphates of soda and magnesia, and
carbonates of iron, lime, and magnesia dissolved
in carbonic acid, with some resinous [?] princi-
ples. It is a highly carbonated chalybeate.
Arti1''ic"ial Pyiemont Water may be formed
of Epsom salt, gr. XV ; common salt, gr. v; mag-
vesia, gr. x; irou-filings. gr. v; water, Oiij. Im-
pregnated with the gas from marble-powder and
eiilphnrir acid, aa ,^vij.
PY'R(ENUS, Spiritiis rectificatus.
PYR'OLA, p. rotuiidl/o'lia, Ronnd-leaved Py-
rola or Wintergreen ; Shin leaf. Ord. Ericaceae.
Diminutive of Pyrns, a pear tree, from a fancied
resemblance of the foliage. This plant was once
U.«ed as a gentle astringent and tonic.
Pyii'ola Macula'ta, Chimnph'iln Macnla'ta,
S/JOtted Pipsis'sewa, Spotted Wintergreen, Whitc-
Ifif, White Pipnissewd, King cure, Ground holly,
Jiheumatism weed, &c., has similar properties.
Pyiiola, Roundleavei), Pyrola.
Pvitoi.A Umbklla'Ta. Chimaph'iln seu Chi-
tnoph'ila umbella'ta, G. Corymbo'sn, Ground-holly,
J'ipsis'sewa, Wintergreen, Rheumatism toeed,
Prince's pine, Herbe a pisser ( Canada). This com-
mon American plant is allied to the uva ursi, in bo-
tanical as well as medical qualities. It is tonic
and diuretic. The bruised leaves irritate the
skin. From the decoction or infusion an agree-
able beverage may be formed by adding sugar,
ginger to flavour it, and yeast to produce ferijien-
tation. Under the name Pipsis'ncwa Beer it hi«
been used in scrofulous affections.
PYROLEUM OSSIUM RECTIFICATUM,
Oleum animale Dippelii.
P Y R 0 L I G ' N E 0 U S ACID, Ac''idum py-
roace'licuin seu pyiotig'neum seu pyroligno'sum seu
pyroxyl'icum seu ligni pyro-oleo'sum seu ace'ticiim
empyrenmat'icum seu lig'ncum seu llguo'rum em-
pyreuntat'icum, Pyridig'uic acid, (F.) Aclde pyro-
avetique ou pyrolignique OU pyroligueux, Vinaigre
de bois. An acid, obtained by distillation from
wood, coal, <fcc., which was once believed to be of
a peculiar character. It is now known to be
formed of acetic acid and an empyreumatic oil,
from which it may be freed ; and, in this state, is
sold in commerce for Acctnm distillatum, Acetic
acid of commerce, Ac"idum ace'ticum e Liguo
vena'le. It is used for similar purposes as dis-
tilled vinegar, and for preserving animal sub-
stances. It has also been used as an antiseptic
in gangrene and sphacelus, and to foul ulcers;
wherever indeed crcasote is indicated. — The dose
of the impure pyroligneous acid internally is
from five to thirty drops, three or four times a
day.
PYROMA'NIA, Tncen'diary mouoma'nia, from
TTvp, 'fire,' and mania. Insanity, with an irre-
sistible desire to destroy by fire.
PYROPII'AGUS, Igniv'orus, from jrup, 'fire,'
and fayo), ' I eat.' One who eats fire. A juggler,
who eats bodies in a state of ignition.
PYROS, Triticum.
PYRO'SIS, from -rnp, ' fire,' ' the act of burning.'
Ptyalis'iuns pyros'icus, Limo'sis cirdlal'gia sputa-
to'ria. Ardor seu Ebnllit"io slom'achi seu ventric'-
nli, Cardial'gia sj^utato' ria, Pyrosis Suec"ica,Apo-
ceno'sis vom'itus pyrosis, Dyspcp'sia pyrosis, Ouis-
morey'mia, Orex'is (of some). Soda, Waterbrash,
Waterqualm, Waterpang, lilaclc-water, (F.) Ar-
denr de I'estomac, Fer chaud, Cremason, Gorgosset.
This affection consists of a hot sensation in the
stomach, with eructations of an acrid, burning
liquid, that causes a distressing sensation in the
parts over which it passes. Attention to diet,
and the use of bitter absorbents, will usually re-
lieve, when the disease is functional. Occasion-
ally, it is symptomatic of organic disease of the
stomach.
Pyrosis also signified, of old, inflammation,
gangrene, and a burn.
Pyrosis Suecica, Pyrosis.
PYROSOPIIIA, Chvmistry.
PYROTECHNIA, Chymistrv.
PY'ROTECIINY, Pyrotech'ne, Pyrolcch'ma,
from -vp, 'fire,' and TC)(^vtf, 'art.' Art of making
fire-works, &c. Also, chyinistry. M. Percy has
used the term Pyrotechnic Chirurgicale for the
art of applying fire or the actual cautery in
surgery.
PYROTIIONIDE, from irup, 'fire.' and oBovv,
'linen.' Liquor pyro-oleo'sus e lin'teo para'tus,
A kind of pyrogenous or empyreumatic oil, pro-
duced by the combustion of textures of hemp,
linen, or cotton in a copper vessel. The brown
product is acid. Its medical properties probably
resemble those of creasote. Diluted with three
or four times its weight of water, it has been used
as a gargle in cynanche tonsillaris, but is not
now employed.
It is said, also, to be a popular remedy for
toothach and skin diseases. When prepared from
rags, it is called Rag oil ; when from paper. Pa-
per oil, (F.) Huile de Papier.
PYROTICUS, Caustic.
PYROXYLIN, Gun cotton, see Collodion.
PYRUS AMERICANA, Sorbus Americana.
Pyrus Cydo'nia, Cydo'nin malifor'mis seu
vuhja'ris, Sorbua Cydo'nia, Cydo'nia, Cotu'nia,
PYETIA
!1
QUARANTINE
Quince Tree, (F.) Coir/nnsiicr, C'tgnasfier. Ord.
llosarese. Sex. Si/hI. Icosandria Pentagynia.
The fruit is termed Ci/do'itiuin ninlnm, Mnlnm
ciiiiiini seu colo' Ileum, Melitm ci/dn'tiium, Quince,
(F.) Colyii. Quince-seeds— Cyf/o';n'Hm (Ph. U. S.
IHJl) — are sometimes used in decoction as a de-
mulcent. The fruit makes a pleasant preserve.
Pviii'S DoMKSTiCA, Sorbus domestiea.
PyiMJS Maliis, J/alita, M. d(iKi/j)hi/l'lfi seu com-
fliii'iii* seu ai/lnen'trii, Sorbus malua, Melca, the
Apple Tree, (F.) Pomiiiie.r. The apple — (F.)
Puiiime — is an agreeable fruit when ripe. When
unripe, it disagrees, especially with those of weak
digestive powers. The same may be said of the
pear, (F.) /'aire; the fruit of Pijrus commit' iiis,
P. Sorhits seu Suti'oa, PiruH, A'/iioi, (F.) Poirier.
Apple lirnndii is a spirituous liquor obtained
from the juice of the apple, and much used in the
United States.
PYP^TIA, Rennet.
PYTIA, Colostrum, Rennet.
PYTLSMA. Sputum, Sperm.
PYUL'COX, Pynl'citm, from -nyov, 'pus,' and
'fXico), 'I extract.' (F.) Tire-pun. A surgical in-
strument for extracting pus from ^ny cavity.
Many pyulca have been employed, all of which
act as exhausting syringes.
PYU'RIA, Pi/otu'ria,Pi/nrrhce'a uriiia'lig, (F.)
Pyitrie, PinHemeiit de Pun, from itvov, ' pus,' and
ovpov, 'urine.' Discharge of purulent urine: a
symptom which occurs in many diseases ; par-
ticularly in cases of renal calculi, and in organic
affections of the bladder. It receives various epi-
thets, according to the part whence the pus pro-
ceeds : — as Pyuria urethra'lia, P. rena'lis, and
P. vesicn'lin.
Pyuria Chylosa, Chyluria — p. Lactea, Chy-
luria — p. Mucosa, Cystirrhoea — p. Serosa, Cys-
tirrhoea — p. Viscida, Cystirrhoea.
PYXIS, irufif. A box ; a pill-box. Also, an
emollient ointment. — Aetius, and Paulus.
Pyxis, BoUe, see Cotyloid.
Q.
Q., see Abbreviation.
QUAREBE, Piper cubeba.
QUACK, Charlatan.
QUACK-MEUICINE, Arcanum.
QUACKSALVER, Charlatan.
QUADRANS, Quarta pars librcB. A quarter
of a pound. Three ounces (Troy.)
QUADRA'TUS, (F.) Carre, from quadrus,
'square.' A name for muscles whose figure ap-
proaches a square. Depressor Labii iiiferioris,
Quailratus femoris.
QuADRATUs DonsT, Q. lumborum.
Quadra'tus Fum'ouis, Quadralm, Quartus
quadrii/cm'iiiiti quddratua, (F.) Tiihcr-iachio-tro-
clianlerieii (Ch.), hchio-sous-trochanterien. Carre
de la Cuisse. A muscle situate at the posterior
and upper part of the thigh. It is thin, flat, and
quadrilateral, and is attached to the outer part of
the tuberosity of the ischium ; whence it proceeds
transversely to the inferior part of the posterior
margin of the great trochanter. It rotates the
limb, turning the toe outwards.
Qiiadratus Gex^, Platysma myoides — q. Ra-
dii, Pronator radii quadratus.
QuADBATi/'s Lumbo'rum, Qiiadratus seu Liim-
ha'ris externun, Q. dorxi, Flecletin par lumbo'rum,
(F.) Uio-eoatal, (Ch.) Ilio-lombi-costal, Carre
des Ininben. A flat, somewhat thick, irregularly
quadrilateral muscle, situate in the loins, at the
sides of the vertebral column. It is attached,
below, to the crista ilii and ilio-lumbar ligament;
and above, to the inferior margin of the last rib;
and besides, to the base of the transverse pro-
cesses of the last four lumbar vertebra}. This
inusele inclines the loins to its side; depresses
the last rib, and is thus a muscle of respiration.
It can also raise the hip.
QUADRIGA, Cat.aphracta.
QUADRIGEM'INA TUBER'CULA,^m/»en'-
ti(B Qiiadrii/em'iiim seu Pii/em' iii(B, Optic Loben,
Optic (faii(/lia. Pons Syl'rii, Cor'porn quadri-
gem'iua seu bigeiii'ina. Nates et Testes, (F.)
Tnbercnles qundrijumeaux on bijunieaiir, Emi-
nences bifffminfen. Lobes optiqiies OU bijitmeaux.
Four medullary tubercles, situate at the posterior
surface of the tuber nnnuliire. They are white,
externally; gray, internally; oblong; rounded;
connected by pairs, and separated by two grooves,
which divide them crucially. Of these tubercles
— the superior called Abates, Na'ttda;, Tuber'cula
anterio'ra, Glu'tia, are larger and more promi-
nent than the lower, called Testes, Tuber'cula pos-
terio'ra. The pineal gland corresponds exactly
to the point of intersection of the two furrows
that separate them.
QUADRIGEMINUS PRIMUS ET SUPE-
RIOR, Pyrainidalis — q. Quartus quadratus, Qua-
dratus femoris — q. Secundus et tertius, Ischio-
trocbanterianus.
Q UADRIJUMEA UX {TUBERCVLES), ■
Quadrigeniina Tubercula.
QUADROON, see Mulatto— q. Black, see Mu-
latto.
QUAF.ADIL, Melanthium Yirginicum.
QUAIIOIL, Cacao.
QUAIL, Tetrao coturnix.
QUAMASII, EASTERN, SciUa esculenta.
QUANDROS. Ancient name for a precious
stone, believed to exist in the brain of the vul-
ture; and to which was attributed the property
of augmenting the secretion of milk, and pre-
serving from deadly accidents. No such stone
exists.
QUAR'ANTINE, Qunr'entine, Quareiitnine,
from d.) Qiiaraiiti'iia. itself from qiiarnnto, 'forty,'
(F.) Qiiai-aiitniiie. The time during which tra-
vellers, returning from a country where the plague
or any other pestilential disease exists, are com-
pelled to remain on board ship or in a lazaretto.
They, as well as the ship, are said 'to perform
quarantine.' Quarantine is sometimes extended
beyond forty days, whilst its duration is fre-
quently much less. It is sometimes enforced by
land; for example, when contagious diseases re-
quire the estaVilishinont of cordons snnitaires, and
when persons are desirous of leaving infected dis-
tricts. During quarantine, no communication is
allowed between the travellers and the inhabit-
ants of the country. Quarantine is a great im-
pediment to commerce; and is, doubtless, very
frequently enforced when there is but little dan-
ger of contagion. The evils, however, that might
arise from the introduction of a widely-spreading
contagious disease, are so disastrous, as to induce
QUARTAN
•82
QUINIA
legislators to maintain these laws in perhaps an
unnecessary dej;ree of rij;our.
QUARTAN, from quaitus, ' the fourth.' Qiiar-
tn'nn Febris, Ax'ctiiii Quarta'iiiin, Tctartai'iis,
Qnnrtan Aijue, (F.) Qitarte. An intermittent, the
paroxysms of which recur every fourth day,
leaving between them two days' interval. We
speali also of the Quartan Type. A Double Quar-
tan, (F.) Double quarte, is one in which one
paroxysm occurs on the third and another on the
second day, so that there is only one day of apy-
rexia and two of paroxysms in succession; — the
paroxysms of every fourth day resembling each
other. A Triple Quartan is one in which there
is a paroxysm every day ; and on every three
days the paroxysms corres])ond. A redoub'lhig
or repeat'!)!// quartan, (F.) Fievre quarte doublee,
is one in which there are two paroxysms every
fourth day. See Intermittent.
QUARTANUS REMITTENS, Tetartophia.
QUARTA'RIUS. An ancient measure, equal
to one-fourth of the sextarius. See Weights and
Measures.
QUARTE, Quartan.
QUARTERON, see Mulatto — q. Black, see
Mulatto.
QUARTIO, Astragalus.
QUARTI-STERNAL, Qnadristerna'lis. The
fourth osseous portion of the sternum, correspond-
ing to the fourth intercostal space. — Beclard.
QUASSATIO, Conquassation.
QUASSATURA, Conquassation.
QUAvS'SIA, Q. ama'ra seu exccl'sa, Picra'-
lia excel'sa, F'ebri'/'iir/iim li(pium, Quassy, Lofty
Jilttericood Tree, Bitter-auli, (F.) Quaniiie, JJoia
anier. Ocrf. Simarubaceoe. A West Indiatree, from
which is obtained the Lirjnum Quansiee, Quassia
(Ph.U. S.) It is an intensely durable bitter, without
astringency : and has been emph)j'ed as a tonic
and stomachic. It is generally given in the form
of infusion. The bitter principle is called Quaxiin.
Quassia SimAKOu'ba, Simarouha, Simaru'ba,
S. officina'llH, Euon'ynnia, Bitter Simaruba, Moun-
tain Damnnn. The bark of the root, SImaru'ba,
(Ph. U. S.), is bitter, and not unpleasant. Both
water and alcohol extract its virtues. It is not
astringent. It is exhibited wherever a simple
tonic is required.
QUASSIN. see Quassia.
QUATERNIO, Astragalus.
QI'ATRE E PICES, see Myrtus pimenta.
QUATRIO, Astragalus.
QUEASINESS. Nausea.
QUEEN OF THE MEADOW, Spiraa lobata
— q. of the Prairie, Spirasa uluiaria.
QUEEN'S DELIGHT, Stillingia — q. Root,
Stillin<;ia.
QUELLES, Elixir.
QVENOUILLE D'EAU, Typha latifolia.
QUERCERA, Epialos.
QUERCINI IIKRBA, Lichen plicatus.
QUERCULA MINOR, Teucrium chamaedrys.
QUERCUS ALBA, White Oak; Quepcus
RoBUR, CummoH Oak; Q. TiN'OTo'ria, Black
Oak ; Q. RUBRA MONTA'.VA, Red Oak or Spanish
Oak. Ord. Cupuliferae. Sex. Syst. Moncecia
Polyandria; (F.) Chene. The bark of all these
varieties is, probably, alike in medicinal proper-
ties. It is powerfully astringent and tonic, and
lias been used internally in intermittents.and ex-
ternally in decoction, as an astringent wash, where
such is indicated.
Acorns, Ceces, Nueeg QuereCts, (F.) Glands,
■were at one time much used as food ; and a de-
coction of them was once recomtnended in dys-
entery and diarrhoea, in glandular obstructions,
(to. A pessary made of them has been advised
in immoderate flow of the menses. They are not
now used.
Qi'KRrus Infecto'iua. A tree of Asia Jlinor,
which nll'ords Turkey or Nut Ualh, Gallw Tur'.
cietp, sen Qnerci'ute seu Tlucto'rice, Xux Gallae,
Galla niax'hna orbicula'ta, CIcis, Cassenolis, Gal-
la>, Galls, Gall-nut, (F.) iXoix de Gnlle, Gallc de
vhiue. The vut.yall— Galla (Ph. U. S.) — is a
morbid protuberance or tubercle, produced by
the [juncture of the Dijdo'Upis seu Gynips G<illm
Tin':to'ri(B, Cynips Querefts fulii. It is [lowerfully
astringent and tonic, and has been employed in
diarrhwa, intestinal heuKjrrbage, and interniit-
tents : but is chielly used, externally, in gargles
and injections. The jiowder, made into an oint-
ment with lard, is used in jiiles. The ordinary
nutgalls of the shops arc procured from the Le-
vant. The large Mecca or Bussorah ijalls, at
times called Dead Sea apples, 3lad ajiples and
apples of Sodom, arc produced on Quereus in-
fectoria.
There are upwards of thirty species of oak in
the United States, all of which are probably uioro
or less astringent and tonic.
QuKRcus Coccifkra, see Kernies — q. Marina,
Fucus vesiculosus — q. Suber, see Suber.
QUERQUERA, Epialos.
QUEUE DE CHEVAL, Ilippuris vulgaris
Cauda equina, see Medulla spinalis — q. de la
J/oelle epinicre, Cauda equina — y. de Pourceuu,
Peueedanum — q. de Rat. Slum lunare.
QUICK-IN-TIIE-HAND, Impatiens.
QUICKEN TREE, Sorbus acuparia.
QUICK'ENINGr, from Sax. cj^iccan, 'to make
alive.' The period of gestation when the uioiiou
of the foetus first becomes perce|)tible. This
usually occurs about the eighteenth week, and
was at one time erroneously believed to mark the
time at which the foetus becomes alive — Anima'-
tio fii-tiis. It need scarcely be said, that it pos-
sesses the principle of life from the moment of
the union of the materials furnished by the sexes
as a fecundating copulation. When the motion
is felt, the female is said to bo 'quick with child.'
QUICKENS. Triticum repens.
QUICKLIME, Calx viva.
QUICKSILVER, Hydrargyrum.
QUIES, Acinesia.
QUINA, Quinine — q. de Campo, Strychnos
pseudo-china — q. Quina, Cinchona.
QUINiE ACETAS, SULPHAS, &c., see Qui-
nia3 Acetas, Ac.
QUINCE, Scrofula, see Pyrus cydonia — q.
Tree, Pyrus cydonia.
QUINIA, Quinine — q. Acetate of, Quiniae acetns
— q. Amorphous, see Quinia, extract of, and Chini-
oidine — q. Arseniate of, Quiniaa arsenias — q. and
Cinchonia, tannate of, Quinije et Cinchoniac tan-
nas — q. Arsenite of, Quiniae arsenis — q. Citrate
of, Quiniae citras.
Quinia, Extract of, Qui' nice sulphas impn'rus.
A preparation which consists in evaporating the
liquor poured oil' the crystals of sulphate of quinia,
to the consistence of a jiilular mass.
It has the properties of sulphate of quinia, and
its active principle appears to be amorphous
quinia or chinioidine. Twenty-four grains will
generally arrest ague.
QuiNTA, FEfiROCYANATE, OF, Quiniae ferrocyanns
— q. Hydriodate of, Quinias hydriodas — q. Im-
pure suljihate of, Quinia, extract of — q. lodhy-
drate of, Quiniic hydriodas — q. Iodide of, Quiniic
hydriodas — q. Iodide of iodhydrate of, see Quiniio
hydriodas — q. loduret of, Quiniae hydriodas — q.
and Iron, Hydriodate of, see Quinia, Iodide of
Iodhydrate of — q. Lactate of, Quinia; lactas — q.
and Mercury, protochloride of, Ilydrargyri ct
Quiniic Protochloridum — q. Muriate of, Quiniae
murias — q. Nitrate of, Quiniae nitras — q. Phos-
phate of. Quiniae phosphas — q. Sulphate of, Qui-
nine, sulphate of.
QUININE ACETAS
783
QUININE
QIirNIyE ACK'TAS, Chi'„i„m ace'licm, Ace'-
(((« Clii'iiii sun U/iiiii'iii sc'u C/ii'tiicitH seu Qui'vitt
tea QitincR sen Qnini'iii sou Kliii'iii, Qiihia nee' -
licit, Acetate nf Qiii'nia or of Quinine. Prepared
liy flitunUin}; Qiiiniii with diluted acetic aciil.
Una the properties of the other salts of Quinia.
QiiiNi/B Ausen'ias, Qiiiiii'iicB seu Qiii'ucB Ar-
ten'luH, Chiiil'iiiim Ariieiiico'iiiiii seu Arneiilc"ici(m,
ArHeiii'ile of Qniiiia or of Qitina or of Quinine,
(F.) Ameiiiate ile quinine. Formed by the union
of amenic acid and quinia. Employed as an
iintiporiodic in the dose of from three quarters
of a ;;rain to a grain and a half in the twenty-
four hours.
Quinia Ar'sknis, Q. Diar'aenis, Ar'senite of
Qui'uia. A salt resulting from the double de-
composition of arHeninte of piitaasa and sulphate
of quinia. It has been used in chronic cutaneous
diseases; and as an antiperiodic in ague, neu-
ralgia, &c. Dose, one-third of a grain, three
times a day.
QuiNlvK ClTRAS, QuincB seu Chini'ni citrae,
CitriiH chi'uicuH sen qui'nicus, Chi'nium seu Chi-
iii'nitm Ci'triciim, Citrate if Quinia of Quina or
of Quinine. Formed from the union of citric
acid and quinia. It has the same properties as
the sulphate.
Quinia kt Cincho'ni^, Tannas, Chini'num seu
Clii'ninm tan'niciim, Tannate of Quinia and Cin-
cliii'nia. This salt has the same properties as the
salts of quinia in general.
QriNi/E DiAitSENis, Quiniae Arsenis.
QlMNlyE Feriiocy'anas, Chi'nium ferrocyano-
genn'tum seu ferrohijdrocyan'icum, Fen-oci/'anate
or hydrocyanoferrate of Quinia or of Quinine.
This salt is obtained by the decomposition of sul-
phate of quinia by means of a solution of /crco-
ci/anuret of potanHium. It has all the properties
(if sulphate of quinia, and, according to some, in
a superior degree.
Qin.vivE Ilynin'onAS, Chini'num hydriod'icnm,
Ilyilriodate or lodhydrate of Quinia ; called, also,
hidnre^lum seu Ind'idum Qui'nicB, loil'uret or
J'ndlde of Qui'nia, (F.) Hi/driodate ou lodhydrate
ou lodure de Quinine. This is formed by precipi-
tating Kulphate of quinia by means of iodide of
potanHium. Given in scrofulous affections: half
a grain to a grain, three times a day, to a child.
An iodide and a biniodide have been formed;
the latter made by mixing double the quantity
of the iodide of potassium with the sulphate of
quinia.
An loniDE OF ToniiY'nRATE of Qiti'nia, (F.)
lodure d' lodhydrate de Quinine, is prepared by
pouring into an acid solution of quinia a solution
of iodide of iron, containing a slight excess of
iodine. The precipitate is treated with boiling
alcohol : the liquor filtered, and crystals suffered
to form. The salt possesses all the properties of
the other salts of quinia. Under the name, Jfy-
drinilate of iron and Quinia, a preparation has
been introduced by Mr. Battloy. It is possessed
of tonic and antiperi'odic virtues.
Quixi.t; loniDUM, Quiniae hydriodas — q. lodu-
rctuiB.. Quiniic hydriodas.
QlMNl.t; Lactas, Quina: lactam, Chini'iium Inc'-
ticuin. Lactate of Qui'nia or of Quinine, (F.)
Lactate de quinine. Made by the action of lactic
acid on quinia. Used in the same cases as the
other salts of quinia.
Qi'i'ni.B Mii'riaS, Chi'nium murint'icum sen
fiili'tuni seu hydrochlo'ricuin, Jifu'rlai chl'nicns,
Muriate (f Quinia or of Quinine. May be pre-
pared bj' dissolving quinia in dilute muriatic acid.
(iivcn as an antiperiodic. Dose, half a grain to
A <;rain.
QciNI.fi Nitras, Chi'nium seu Chini'num ni'-
tricum, yitrate of Quinia or of Quinine, (F.)
titrate ou Azotate de quinine. Mny be formed
by the addition of nitric acid to quinia. Its pro-
perties are those of the sulphate of quinia.
QtJlXl.*: PnoSPllAS, Chi'nium seu Chini'nuni
phoxphor'icum, J'hosphale of Quinia or of Qui-
nine : may be prepared l)y the addition of dilute
phoHphoric acid to quinia. It is thought by many
to be next to the sulphate of quinia in its remediaJ
powers.
QtJi.Ni^ Sulphas, Quinine, sulphate of.
QuiNi.15 Valeria'nas, Chini'num seu Chi'nium
Valerian'icum, Valerianate of Quinia, of Quina,
or of Quinine; may be foriued by the union of
valerianic acid with quinia. It has the proper-
ties of the salts of quinia.
QUI'NICINE, Qninici'na, Quinic"ia. AVhen
a salt of quinia is espo.«ed to heat with certain
precautions, the alkaloid is changed into another
isomeric with it, to which this name has been
given.
Quinicine, and its sulphate, possess the same
medical properties as quinia and its salts. Dose,
gr. V to gr. XV.
QUINID'IA. Quinidi'na, Qni'nidine, Chi'ni-
dine, Cin'chotin. An alkaloid of the cinchonas
— of many of the genuine at least — obtained from
them by the same process as that bj' which quinia
is obtained from the barks that yield it. Its sul-
phate is more soluble however than the sulphate
of (|uinia, and it is left, therefore, in the mother
waters.
The salts of quinidia are markedly antiperiodic.
From gr. x to gr. xxx will usually arrest a pa-
roxysm.
QUININE, Qui'nia, Quina, Kini'nvm, Ki'ni-
vm, Sal essentia'le cor'ticis Peruvia'ni, Chini'nuni,
Quinina. An alkaline, uncrystallizable sub-
stance ; under the form of a porous, whitish mass ;
almost insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol and
ether. It forms, with acids, salts that are in gen-
eral soluble. It is obtained from different cin-
chonas, but chiefly from the yellow, and is the
active principle of those valuable drugs.
QtiiNiNR, Acetate of, Quiniae acetas — q. Ar-
seniate of, Quiniae arsenias — q. Arsenite of. Qui-
nine arsenis — q. Azotate of, Quiniae nitras — q.
Citrate of, Quiniae eitras — q. Ferrocyanate of,
Quiniaj ferrocyanas — q. Hydriodate de, Quiniio
hydriodas — q. lodhydrate de, Quinise hydriodas
— q. Iodide of, Quiniaj hydriodas — q. lodure de,
Quinias hydriodas — q. lodure d'iodhydrate de,
Quinia, iodide of lodhydrate of — q. Lactate of,
Quiniae lactas — q. Muriate of, Quiniae murias — q.
Nitrate of, Quiniae nitras — q. Phosphate of, Qui-
niae phosphas.
Quinine, Quina or Quinia, Sulphate of, Qui-
nia seu Qui'ncp. seu Quini'nce Sulphas, Quince
Disul'phas, Chi'nium sen Chini'num Siiljihu'ii-
cum, (F.) Sulfate de Quinine — the salt usually
employed in medicine — occurs in needles of a
pearly and satiny appearance. It is employed
with great success in the treatment of intermit-
tents : and is available in many cases, where the
bark in substance could not be retained, or would
be injurious. Dose, as a tonic from 'i to 10 grains
in the 24 hours. As an antiperiodic it may bo
carried much farther. Its action, in a large dose,
is decidedly sedative. It is obtained, by treating
the yellow bark with sulphuric acid. The follow-
ing form is adopted in the Pharmacopoeia of the
United States, — Cinchon. flav. in pulv. crass. tt)iv;
Acid, muriat. f.^ii.i : Calcis, in pulv. ^v ; Aquee,
Cong, v: Acid. Sulphur., Alcohol; Carlmn. ani-
mal, aa q. s. Boil the bark in one-third of the
water mixed with one-third of the muriatic
acid, and strain through linen. Boil the residue
twice successively with the same quantity of acid
and water as before, and strain. Mix the decoc-
tions, and, while the liquor is hot, gradually add
the liine, previously mixed with two pints of
QUININISM
BACIIIDIAN
water, stirring constantly, until the quinia is com-
pletely precipitated. Wash the precipitate with
distilled water, and having pressed and dried it,
digest it in hoiling alcohol. Pour otf the liquor
and repeat the digestion several times, until the
alcohol is no longer rendered bitter. Mix the
liquors, and distil oif the alcohol, until a brown
viscid mass remains. Upon this substance, re-
moved from the vessel, pour about half a gallon
of distilled water, and having heated the mixture
to the boiling point, add as much sulphuric acid
as may be necessary to dissolve the impure alkali.
Then add an ounce and a half of animal charcoal ;
boil for two minutes ; filter the liquor while hot,
and set it aside to crystallize. Should the liquor,
before filtration, be entirely neutral, acidulate it
very slightly with sulphuric acid. Should it, on
the contrary, change the colour of litmus paper
to a bright red, adil more animal charcoal. Sep-
arate the crystals from the liquor, dissolve them
in boiling water slightly acidulated with sulphu-
ric acid, add a little animal charcoal, filter and
set aside to crystallize. Wrap the crystals in
bibulous paper, and dry with a gentle heat. The
mother-waters maybe made to yield an additional
quantity of sulphate of quinia by precipitating
the quinia with solution of ammonia, and treating
the precipitated alkali with water, sulphuric acid,
and animal charcoal, as before.
QuiNiNK, Tankate of. Quinine et cinehoniae
tannas — q. Valerianate of, Quinise valerianas.
QUI'NINISM, Qiiiiiiiiis'miis, Quinism, Ciii'-
chotiiDtii, (F. ) Inebyiiition ou Irresee qniniqiie. The
aggregate of encephalic or neuropathic pheno-
mena induced by over-doses of quinia.
QUINOIDINE, Chinioidine.
QUINQUEFOLIUM, Potentilla reptans —
Quinqnefolium inajus, Potentilla reptans.
QUINQUINA, Cinchona — q. Aromatique, Cro-
ton cascarilla — q. Eieolor, Cinchonae Carihaeae
cortex — q. Faux ile Vivijinie, Cusparia febrifuga
— q. Gria de Loxa, Cinchonae lancifoliae cortex
q.Jrtuiie, Cinchonm cordifidia' cortex — q. Ornvfje,
CinchonsB lancifoliic cortex — q. Pitoii, Ciiichonio
CaribiviD cortex — q. liouye, Cinchunte oblongifu-
liie cortex.
QUINQUINO, Myroxylon peruiferum.
QUINSY,Cynanche, C. tonsillaris — q. Nervous,
Angone — q. Wolf, Lycanehe.
QUINTAN, Febrin quintit'na seu pemplw' a seu
qniuld ; from quintim, 'a fifth.' A fever whoso
paroxysms return only every five days inclu-
sively ; and between which there are, conse-
quently, three days of apyrexia.
QUINTE, (F.) This word is used synony-
mously with paro.rysm or Jit, when speaking of
cough, — as line Quiute de Toujc — *a fit of cough-
ing,' (Sc.) Kink. Also, the influenza.
QUINTEFEUILLE, Potentilla reptans.
QUINTERON, see Mulatto — q. black, see
Mulatto.
QU/NTES, see Qninte, and Pertussis.
QUINTES'SENCE, Quiitta Fsacn'tia. A name
formerly given to alcohol, impregnated with the
principles of some drug. It was, consequently,
often synonymous with Ahohol'ic tincture. Tlie
most volatile principles of bodies were, also,
called Quintea'aencea,
QUINTISTERN'AL. The fifth osseous por-
tion of the sternum. It corresponds to the 5th
and 6th intercostal spaces.
QUINUA, Chenopodium quinoa.
QUOTID'IAN, Qnotidia'nua, Ephe'merua, (F.)
Quotidien — itself from quotidif, 'daily.' That
which takes place every day.
Quotid'ian Fbvkr, Q. ngne, Fehria quotidia'nn
seu hemere'aia seu heme'rina seu ephe'inern seu
nietlicine'riiKi seu methctne'ria,Aii'etuaqu<ilidi<i'ntia,
Ciithe'merua, Ciithemer'inua, Methemer' inoa, Ani-
phemer'inoa, Amphimer'inua, Amphe'merna, Qno-
tidid'nua, (F.) Fievre quotidienne, is an intermit-
tent, the paroxysms of which recur every day.
A simple, double, or triple quotidian, is a quo-
tidian, which has one, two, or three paroxysms in
the 24 hours.
E.
R or R is placed at the commencement of a
prescription, as a contraction of Jicc"ipe. (See
Abbreviation.) Originally, it was the sign % of
Jupiter, and was placed at the top of a formula,
to propitiate the king of the gods, that the com-
pound might act favorablv.
RABDOIDES, (SUTURA.) Sagittal suture.
RABID, Uitb'idns, (F.) Rabique, Rabieiqne,
from rnbiea, (rabo, ' I am mad or furious,')
' canine madness.' That which belongs to hy-
drophobia: as rabid virus, &c. Rabid also means
affected with hydrophobia, (F.) Enragi.
R ABIE [QUE. Rabid.
RABIES CANINA, Hydrophobia.
RABIQUE, Rabid.
RACAHOUT, Am'yhim quer'neum. A name
given by the Arabs to the starch prepared from
an edible acorn obtained from Qnercna Ilex, but,
according to Plagge, the so called Racnhout of
the Arabs, sold in Paris, is a compound of
potatoe starch, chocolate, and aromatics, — as
vanilla.
RACCOON BERRY, Podophyllum montanum.
RACE, from radice, abl. of radix, ' root,' breed.
The union or aggregate of individuals whose con-
formation or particular condition differs percep-
tibly from those of neighbouring varieties. In
the human species, several races are designated.
See Homo.
RACEMEUX, Racemosus.
RACEMO'SUS, Rnc"emous, Rnc"emoae, (F.)
Racemeux. In clusters, like grapes.
RAC'EMUS. A cluster — as of grapes.
RACHAMEL'CA, from Ilebr. Dm (rechem),
'the womb,' and "170 {molech), ' a king:' Rechn-
mal'ca. A peculiar formative principle, supposed,
by Dolaeus, to exist in the uterus.
RACHE, Porrigo.
RACHI^.I, Rhachitae.
RACHIALGIA, Colic, metallic, Rhachindynia,
Vertebral disease — r. Mesenterica, Tabes mesen-
terica — r. Pictoniensium, Colic, metallic — r. Pic-
tonum. Colic, metallic.
RACHIALGIE MESENTMRIQUE, Tabes
mesenterica.
RACHIALGITIS, Rhachialgitis.
RACHIDIAN, Spinal.— r. Arteries, Spinal ar-
teries— r. Bulb, see Medulla oblongata — r. Canal,
Vertebral canal.
RACIIIDIEN 7 85
RADIALIS
RAniTWJEN. Spinal.
RACIIIOPHYMA, Rachiphyina.
RACHIPIIY'MA, lihiidiiphij'vm, Rachiophy-
tnn, Tumor jDomi, from 'pa^i(, 'the spine,' and
^u/iiz, ' a tumour.' A tumour on the spine or on
the back.
RACHIS, Vertebral column.
KACIIIS'AGRA, Jihachia'affra, Rhach'ingrn,
Rhuch'e.ngra, Rknchid'arjrn, Rhnchi'tin epiua'lis,
from 'pa^Li, 'the spine,' and aypa, 'a seizure.' A
gouty or rheumatic aBection ot the spine.
RACniT^, RhachitfB.
RACHIT'lC, Rachit'icm, Rhnchit'icm, (F.)
Rachitiqite. Same etymon as the next. Re-
lating or appertaining to, or affected with rickets.
Weak, feeble in the joints; defective in develop-
ment.
RACHI'TIS, Rhachi'tit, from 'payii, 'the
spine,' and itis, a suffix denoting inflammation.
Inflammation of the spine. Also, Ci/rto'sis Ra'-
chia, Cy Hon' 08118, Morhns Anrj'licus, O^teoniula'cia
hftiu'titm, Tabex pectur'ea ; Jiiinitritio ossiiim, Spi-
na nodo'vn, Rach ilis'niug, Eiirjlisk diaease, Rickets ;
from 'pay^n, 'the spine,' (P.) Rackifisme, Noxnire.
A disease characterized by crookeiiness of the
long bones; swelling of their extremities ; crooked
spine; prominent abdomen ; large head; and often
precocity of intellect. It is accompanied by lean-
ness, general debility, indigestion ; and frequently
induces atrophy and hectic. Rickets occurs, par-
ticularly, during the first years of existence, in
weakly children, born of rickety or scrofulous
parents; brought up in damp or confined situa-
tions; who are badly nourished, and do not take
suflieient exercise. The progress and termination
of the disease are very variable. Some children
gradually recover their health : others become
more and more deformed, and ultimately die of
consumption, dropsy, or other organic disease.
The treatment is almost wholly hi/yietiic. Pure
air; a healthy situation ; nourishing diet; exer-
cise; sea or common cold bathing, and tonics,
afford the best prospect of success.
Rachitis Adi'i.toiuim, Mollities ossium.
RACHfTISME, Rachitis.
RACHlTOilE, from pa-xig, 'spine,' and tchvciv,
'to cut.' An anatomical instrument for opening
the medullae spinalis without injuring the me-
dulla.
RACHO'SIS, Rhacho'sis, RaJco'sis, from 'paxo(o,
or 'paKOii), 'I wrinkle.' A relaxation of the scro-
tum. Propto'ma sen lax' itas Scroti, Scrotum
pen'dulum. An excoriation of the relaxed scro-
tum.
RACINE A BECQUET, Geranium moscha-
tnm — r. de Bengal, Cassumuniar — r. Bresilieiiiie,
Ipecacuanha — r. de Charcia, Dorstenia contra-
yerva — r. de Chine, Sinilax china — r. de Draike,
Dorstenia contrayerva — r. des Pliilippiuea, Dor-
stenia contrayerva — r. de Safran, Curcuma longa
— r. de Saint Eaprit, Angelica — )•. Salivaire, An-
themis pyrethrum — r. de Turheth, Convolvulus
turpethum.
RAGINES DU CERVELET, Corpora resti-
formia.
RACLVRES DES BOYAUX, Ramenta in-
testinorura.
RACORNISSEMENT (P.), from racomir,
{cornu, ' horn,') ' to make hard as horn.' Cor'-
nijication. A physical property, possessed by
animal substances, which consists in a kind of
contractility, accompanied with sudden corruga-
tion and curling. It is produced by heat, and by
chemical agents, especially by the strong mineral
acids.
RADCLIFFE'S ELIXIR, see Tinctura aloes
Composita.
RADESYGE, Radzyge.
RADEZYGE, Radzyge.
60
RADIAD, see Radial aspect.
RA'DIAL, Radia'lia, from radius, 'a bone of
the forearm.' That which relates to the radius.
RADIAL ANTERIEUR, Palmaris magnus.
Radial Artery, A. extem'a Cu'biti. Itarises
from the brachial, at the upper and anterior part
of the forearm: descends on the outer side as far
as the lower part of the radius, and proceeds
downwards and backwards towards the superior
extremity of the space which separates the first
two metacarpal bones. It then buries itself in
the palm of the hand, where it forms the pro-
found or radial palmar arch. The radial artery
gives off the recurrent radial, several radio-wns-
cular branches, the transverse palmar radio-carpal
artery, the external superficial artery of the palm
of the hand, the external dorsal of the thumb, the
dorsalia carpi, dorsal interosseous artery of the
index, <fec.
Radial Aspect. An aspect towards the side
on which the radius is situated. — Barclay. Rn-
diad is used by the same writer, adverbially, to
signify 'towards the radial aspect.'
RADIAL EXTERNE PREMIER, see Rn-
dialis — r. Externe second, see Radialis — r. Grand,
see Radialis.
Radial Nerve, Radio-digital (Ch.), Spiral
Nerve, Spiral muscular N., Muscnlo-spiral nerre,
arises from the four inferior branches of the bra-
chial plexus. It is, at first, situate behind the
other nerves of the plexus. It then becomes en-
gaged between the three portions of the triceps
brachialis, passes behind the humerus, and de-
scends between the supinator longus and bra-
chialis internus, as far as opposite the upper ex-
tremity of the radius. In its course it gives nu-
merous filaments to the triceps, supinator longus,
extensor carpi radialis longior, and to the inte-
guinents. Opposite the upper extremity of the
radius it divides into two branches; — the one
posterior, which turns backwards into the sub-
stance of the supinator brevis, and when it has
reached the space between the two layers of
muscles on the posterior surface of the forearm,
divides into a great number of filaments, which
are distributed to those muscles, and to the inte-
guments of the hand. The other branch is ante-
rior : it descends before the supinator brevis and
the radius; until, near the inferior third of that
bone, it engages itself between the tendons of tlie
supinator longus and extensor carpi radialis lon-
gior; and, becoming afterwards subcutaneous,
divides into two branches, whose filaments are
distributed to the integuments of the thumb,
index, middle finger, to the outside of the ring
finger, and to the first interosseous muscle of the
back of the hand.
RADIAL PETIT, see Radialis.
Radial Veins, Deep-Seated, follow the same
course as the radial artery.
RADIA'LIS EXTER'NUS BRE'VIOR, Ex-
ten'sor Carpi Radialis Bre'vior, Radialis secun-
dus, (F.) Second radial externe. Petit radial,
Epicoiidi/lo-sus-metacarpien, (Ch.) An extensor
muscle of the wrist, situate beneath the extensor
carpi radialis longior. It is attached, above, to
the external tuberosity of the humerus, and ter-
minates below, by a long tendon, inserted into
the posterior part of the upper extremity of the
third bone of the metacarpus. It has the same
uses iis the next muscle.
RaDIA'lIS Extkr'nuS Lox'GIOR. Extensor
Carpi Radin'lis Lon'gior, Radialis exterutis pri-
mus, (F.) Premier radial externe. Grand radial,
Humero sns-m^tacnrpien, (Ch.) It is seated at
the outer part of the forearm; is thin, but thicker
on the outside than on the inside. It is attached,
above, to the inferior part of the outer edge, and
RADIATED
'86
RAIDEUR
tf> the corresponding tuberosity, of the humerus ;
and terininnles, below, by a long tendon, whieh
\t att.iched to the superior extremity of the second
bone of the metacarpus. It extends the hand on
the forearm.
Radialis Externus Primus, R. Externus
longior — r. Extensor longior, R. Externus lon-
pior — r. Internus, Palmaris magnus — r. Secuudus,
R. Externus longior.
RAD'IATED, Rndla'tus, from radius, 'a ray ;'
(F.) liiii/iiiDie. That which is arranged in rays;
in lines, diverging from a common centre. An
epithet given to several ligaments, Ac; as to
tliose which unite the ribs to the sternum ; those
which unite the tibia and fibula at their inferior
extremity, &c.
Radiated Substance of the Kidney, see
Kiilney.
RAD'ICAL, Rndica'lis, from radi'.r, radieix,
'a root.' A radical cure, cura radica'lis, is one
in which the disease is destroyed, as it were, from
the root. It is used in opposition to ^jaiiiati'ue
cure.
Radical Moisture, Humidura radicale.
Radical Vessels, Vai'culur Rad'iclen, (F.)
Radicnles vnaculairen, are the small vessels that
take their origin in the tissues, and by their
union form larger vessels.
RADICES OSSIS HYOIDEI, Cornua ossis
hyoidei.
RADICIS'ECA, from radix, radicis, 'a root,'
and eecare, 'to cut.' One employed in collecting
and preparing plants was formerly so called.
RADICULA, Raphanus hortensis.
RADI GULES VASOULAIRES, Radical ves-
sels.
RADII CILIARES, Ciliary processes.
Radii Frontis. The folds or wrinkles of the
forehead.
RA'DIO, from radius. In composition, re-
lating or belonging to the radius, a bone of the
forearm.
Radio-Carpal, Radio-earpia' nus. That which
relates to the radius and carpus.
Radio-Carpal Articulation is the ivriitjnint,
or articulation of the os scaphoides, os semiluiiare,
and OS cuneifornie of the carpus with the inferior
surface of the radius, and the fibro-cartilage, situ-
ate below the ulna. It is strengthened by lateral,
anterior, and posterior ligaments.
Radio-Carpal Transverse Palmar Artery,
(F.) Artere Radio- carpieuiie -traiisversale-pal-
maire. A transverse branch, given off by the
radial artery, opposite the lower edge of the pro-
nator quadratus, which sends several branches to
the anterior or palmar surface of the carpus.
RADIO CUTANE (NERF,) see Cutaneous—
r. Phalangettien da pouce, Flexor longus pollicis
manus.
RADIOLUS, Sound.
RADIO-MUS'CULAR, Radio-muncnla'ris. A
name given to the branches sent off from the ra-
dial artery to the muscles of the forearm in the
first part of its course ; as well as to the nervous
filaments which the radial nerve sends to the
same muscles.
R.AUIS, Raphanus hortensis — r. de Cheval,
Cochlearia armoracia.
RADISH, Raphanus hortensis — r. Water, Nas-
turtium amphibium.
RADIUS, ' a spoke :' — so called from its shape.
Cercin, Fiic"l/e ininnn sen nuperiui, Canua ■minor,
Os ad cnbila'le, Addilatiieii'luni ulncB, Manu'briiim
timinin, Parnpe'chynn, Arun'dn bra'chii minor,
(F.) Os du Rat/on. A long, prismatic bone, the
upper and lesser extrertiity of which is called the
head. This is supported by a cervix or nerk.
At the part where the neck is confounded with
the body of the bone is the tubercle or bicipital
tuberositi/ or eminence for the insertion of the
biceps. The radius is articulated, above, willi
the OS humeri and with the lesser sigmoid eavily
of the ulna : below, with the seaphoi<les, seinilu-
nare, and the head of the ulna. Its inferior ex-
tremity, which is larger than the superior, is flat-
tened before and behind: is irregularly (juadri-
lateral ; and has, below, a double facette to be
articulated with the first two bones of the carpus.
On the outer side is the styloid process ; and, on
the inner, a concave facette, which joins the ulna.
Behind, are grooves for the passage of the exten-
sor tendons. The radius is developed from thno
points of ossification ; one for the body, and one
for each extremity.
RADIUS, COL DU, Collum radii.
RA'DIX, genitive, radicis, Rhiza. A root:
also, the male organ.
Radix, Rout ur/any of a tooth, is the part con-
tained in the alveolus. The radijc or root of the
nail is the portion hidden under the skin, Ac.
Surgeons give the name to prolongations, sent by
scirrhous, cancerous, or other tumours into the
neighbouring parts.
Five Aperient Roots, Quinque radi'ces ape-
rien'tes, were, of old, asparagus, butchers' broom,
fennel, parsley, and smallage.
Five Lesser Aperient Roots, Quinque rndi'cet
aperien' tes mino'res, were caper, dandelion,
eryngo, madder, and rest-harrow.
Radix Asclepiadis Crispa, see Gomphocar-
pus crispus — r. Braziliensis, Ipecacuanha.
Radix Cordis, Rasis Cordis. The base of the
heart.
Radix Ginseno, see Panax quinquefolium — r.
Indiea Lopeziana, Lopez radix — r. Linguae, see
Tongue — r. Lopeziana, Lopez radix — r. Ninsi,
Panax schinseng. Slum ninsi — r. Rubra, Rubia—
r. Serpentum, see Ophiorrhiza inungos — r. Un-
guis, Nail, root of — r. Ventris, Umbilicus.
RADULA, Raspatorium.
RADZYGE, Radzyr/in, Radesi/r/e, Radezyge,
ThcE'ria, (properly Theria, from dnpiov, ('tXifOf,)
'a malignant ulcer.') Lepra borea'lis iteu Nor-
rey"ica, Norwe'gian Lep'rosy. A name given, in
Norway, to a disease, bearing considerable ana-
logy to the yaws. Some have esteemed it a spe-
cies of lepra or elephantiasis.
Another form — the Spcdahlce, or Spedahlched
— of Norway, appears to be a variety of tuber-
cular lepra. Under the epithelial scales, numerous
acari have been found ; and the affection has been
called Sca'bies crusto'sa, and Sca'bies Norveg"ica
Doeck'ii, after Boeck, who well described a case
of it.
RAFFLE'SIA ARNOLD'L A plant of Java.
Order, RafBesiaceae, a decoction of which is em-
ployed there as an astringent in relaxed con-
ditions of the genito-urinary apparatus.
RA FRA ICHISSANT, Refrigerant.
RAGR, fra. Furor brevis, Orge, Tliymns, (F.)
Colere, Rage. Violent passion, characterized by
contraction of the muscles of the face, violence in
every movement, extreme irritation of the ner-
vous system, acceleration of the blood's motion,
and, generally, redness and swelling of the face.
Rage. Rhage.
RAGE, Hydrophobia, Rage.
RAGE DE TKTE. An epidemic and fatal
malady, which prevailed in France in 1481. It
was presumed to be epidemic meningitis.
RAGWEED, Ambrosia elatior — r. Golden,
Senecio aureus — r. Great, Ambrosia trifida.
RAGWORT, Senecio Jacobaea.
RATA BATIS, and R. CLAVATA, see Oleum
jecoris asclli.
RATDEUR, Rigidity — r. Cadavirique, Rigor
mortis.
RAIFORT
787
RANDIA
RAIFORT, Raphanus hortcnsis — r. Sauvage,
Cochlearia ariiioracia.
RAINBOW WORM, Herpes iris.
RAINURE, Groove — r. Uiyuslriqiie, Mastoid
groove.
RAISIN, see Vitis vinifcra — r. d' Amfrique,
Phytolacca decandra — r. de Jiois, Vacciniuin
iiiyrtillus — r. d'Onra, Arbutus uva ursi — r. de
Reiinrd, Paris.
RAISING, Expectoration.
RAISINIERE (F.). from raiain, 'a grape.'
A name given to a small granular, brownish or
lihickish tumour, which forms occasionally at the
surface of the cornea, in consequence of ulcers or
accidental wounds of that membrane. — Nysten.
RAISINS, Uvae passae, see Vitus vinifcra — r.
de Coriiithe, sec Vitus Corinthiaca.
RAISON, Reason.
RAKASIRA. An American balsam; of a
brownish or brownish-red colour ; semi-transpa-
rent; brittle; softening and becoming tenacious
by heat; inodorous when cold, but exhaling a
very agreeable smell when heated ; and possessing
a biilsiimic and slightly bitter taste. The precise
vegetable that furnishes it is not known. It has
been used chiefly as a balsam in gouorrhcea and
urinary, affections.
RAKE-TEETH. A term, used in the North
of England for teeth which are wide apart, and
similar to those of a rake.
RAKIA, see Spirit.
RAKOSIS, Rachosis.
RALE (F.), Rnltle, Rhoiirhua, Rlenchns,
Jlheturin, from (D.) Ratel; liliouciia, Cerchtius,
Rhixjmos : (probably an example of onomatopoeia.)
Noise produced by the air in passing through
mucus, of which the lungs are unable to free
themselves. This condition is chiefly observed at
the approach of death, and is commonly called,
" the rattled."
The term RCile has been given to different
Bounds during respiration, caused by the air in
connection with fluid contained in the bronchi,
or areoliB of the pulmonary tissue; which are
perceived by the stethoscope.
RALE BRONCHIQUE sec, Rale sonore—r.
Rrovchiqiie humide, R. miiqueiix — r. Cavenieu.r,
Gurgling — r. Cavenndeux, see Gurgling — r. CrS-
pltnnf, Rhnnchits crep'itatis, see Crepitant — r. c.
Redux, see Crepitant.
RALE MVQUEUX, R. bronchique humide,
•Rhon'ciia vuico'sim, Ilycjrohronchinrrhnn' cli us, Mn-
cnns Rattle. The sound produced by the pas-
sage of air through mucus accumulated in the
larger bronchi or trachea, or through softened
tubercular matter. This rule occurs in catarrh,
and in softened tubercle. AVhen carried to a very
high degree, it constitutes gurgling, (F.) Gm-gnu-
iltemeul. The subcrep'itaiit r/ionchus, (F.) Rdle
noua-erfpitant, is produced by the bubbling of air
through liquid of variable consistence in the tni-
nute bronchial tubes. When heard at the base
of both lungs, it is a sign of capillary bronchitis.
When heard at one base only, it is generally con-
nected with tuberculosis higher up.
RALE SIBILANT, Rh"n'chuaaib'ilua?eua{b'-
ihtna, Sib'ihnit Rattle. A slight, though pro-
longed, whistling sound, occurring either at the
commencement of inspiration, or of expiration,
owing to the presence of mucus, thin and viscid,
hut not abundant, which obstructs, more or less
completely, the smaller bronchial ramifications.
It is seated in the small tubes, and occurs in the
first stage of bronchitis. The clicking and u-hiaf-
ling varieties differ, in the former being short,
the latter prolonged. The former is a quick,
sharp sibilus or whistle, which ceases almost in-
stantaneously; the latler a prolonged sibilus, of
less sharpness, lasting almost the whole time of
the movement which it accompanies. To these
may be added the Jiiaaing variety, the name suflS-
ciently indicating its character.
RALE SONOHE, R. bronchique sec ou ron-
fant, Rhnnchus sono'rua, Sono'roiia Rattle. A
sound resembling at times the snoring — (F.) Ron-
Jleiiient — of a person asleep; at others the sound
of the bass string of an instrument when rubbed
with the finger, and not uiifrequentlj' the cooing
— (F. ) Rducoulement — of a dove. It seems to be
caused by a contraction of the bronchial tubes,
and is characteristic of chronic catarrh.
RALE SOUS-CREPITANT, see Rdle mu-
queux — r. Veaiculaire, see Crepitation.
RAMEAU, Ramus.
RAMRERGE, Mercurialis.
RAMEN'TA INTESTINO'RUM, Scrapings
of the Inteatinea, (F.) Raclurea des Boyuux. The
shreds or scrapings, as it were, of the mucous
membrane of the bowels, often discharged in ma-
lignant dysentery. The evacuation in which
these are contained has been termed i>iacAore'7Ha
xyamato'dea.
RAMENTTIM, Fragment, Scobs.
RAMEX, Hernia — r. Varicosus, Varicocele.
RAMIFICA'TION, Ramificn'tio, from ramua,
'a branch,' and^o, 'to become.' A division of
arteries, veins, or nerves into branches. Also, a
branch itself.
RAMILLE, Ramuseulus.
RAMOLLISSEMENT, Mollities — r. du Cer-
veax, Mollities cerebri — r. du Cceur, Cardiomala-
cia — )•. de rEatomac, Gastromalaeia — r. du Foie,
Hepatouiiilacia — J-. Gria. see Hepatization — r. de
la 3Ii>elle epiniere, Mollities medulhe spinalis —
)■. Rouge, see Hepatization — ;•. de V Inteatin, En-
tero-malacia — r. dca Oa. Mollities ossium.
RAMPANT (F.), from ramper, 'to climb.'
Re])cna, Rcptana. That which creeps or crawls.
The French Bandage rampant has the folds
arranged spirally around the part, leaving in-
tervals between them. It is a retentive ban-
dage, but is easily displaced, and, therefore, not
employed.
RAJIRES DU LUIA^ON, Scalee of the
cochlea.
RAMPHOS, Rostrum.
RAMITLUS, Ramuseulus.
RAMUNCULUS, Ramuseulus.
RAMUS, Cladoa, a branch, (F.) Rameau. A
division of an artery, vein, or nerve. Also, the
male organ.
RAMI'S DuRioR SeptimvE Cosjugationis, Fa-
cial nerve.
RAMUS'CULUS, Ram'uhia, Ramvn'enlua,
Sur'cnlua, Cladis'coa, diminutive of ramua, 'a
branch.' A division of a ramus. (F.) Ramus-
culc. RamiUe.
RANA ESCULEN'TA, 'esculent frog,' (F.)
Greniiuille. This frog and the bull-fr<ig, Ronn
Tauri'na — are eaten as delicacies. They are
nutritious, and easily digested.
R ANA, Rnnula.
RANGE, Rancid.
RANCID, Ran'cidua, Saprna.(Y.) Raure, from
rancere, 'to be stale.' An epithet given to fatty
bodies, which have liecouje acrid from age or the
contact of air. Mild ointments may thus become
very irritating, and utifit for the purposes for
which thcv were oriffinallv intended.
RAN'DIA DUMETO'RUM.A'. Spina'an. Can',
th'um Coruna'tum, Gardcn'ia seu Pm-nque'ria
Vunieto'runi ?c\l Spiun'aa. A Coromiindel shrub;
Ord. CinchonaciB : the fruit of which, bruised
and thrown on the water, intoxicates, or even
RANDIA SPINOSA
RArrORT
Jiills fish. In the form of powder, it is a power-
ful emetic.
RANDIA SPINOSA, R. dumetorum.
RANINE, Rnni'na ; from Rnnn, 'a frog.'
The termination of the lingual artery is so called ;
that is, the portion of the artery which advances
horizontal!}' between the genio-glossus and lin-
gualis muscles as far as the point of the tongue.
The ranine vein follows the same course as the
artery, and opens into the internal jugular or in-
to the superior thyroid.
RANTREE, Sorbus acuparia.
RAN'ULA, diminutive of rnnn, 'a. frog,' So
called from its resemblance ; Di/np/in'r/in linniiln,
Emphrng'ma anil va' re, lin'trnvhos, Batra'chUim,
Hi/drogLon'sn, Hypoylossis, Hypoglosunm, Hi/po-
glot'tis, Hypoglos'siiim, Rnnn, Frog Tongue, (F.)
Greiwui/lette. A small, soft, fluctuating, and
semi-transparent tumour, which forms under the
tongue, owing to the accumulation of saliva in
Wharton's duct. In order to give exit to the ac-
cumulated fluid, and to establish a permanent
opening for the discharge of the saliva, the cyst
may be punctured, and the opening maintained
by a minute cylinder, with a button at each ex-
tremity, as has been recommended by Dupuy-
tren ; or a portion of the cyst may be removed by
the scissors, and the mouth be frequently washed
by any astringent lotion. Sometimes, the sali-
vary duct is found plugged by a small calculus.
Raniila Lapidka, see Calculi, salivary.
RANUN'CULUS, {F.) Re,ioncule,{Sc.) Yellow
gotvaii, Ord. Ranunculacea; ; Sex. Sijst. Polyan-
dria Polygynia. Diminutive of rana, 'a frog,' be-
cause found in marshy places where frogs abound.
A genus of plants, most of the species of which,
when taken internally, act as acrid poisons. See
Poison. They are, also, acrid and vesicant, when
applied to the skin, and have accordingly been
often used as counter-irritants. The following
species answer to this description.
Ranunculus Abortivus, Small-flotuered Crow-
foot, Chicken-pepper,
Ranunculus Acnis, R.pmfen'sia seu Sfeven'ii
seu rn'/nlns seu ii/lvat'icus seu Sic'nliis, Upright
Meadow or Tall Crowfoot, Butter Cups, (Prov.)
Crniaey, Guilty Ciipn, Yellow-weed, Blister-toeed,
Pilewort, Burwort, Meadoio-bloom, Yellows, (F.),
BoMton d'or.
Ranunculus Albus, Anemone nemorosa.
Ranunculus Aquaticus, R. sceleratus.
Ranitnculus Bulbo'sus, R. Imtun, Rnnuncxdnn
(Ph. U. S.), Bulbous or Bulbous-rooted Crowfoot,
Butter Cups, (F.) Renoncule bulbeuse, Bassinet.
Ranunculus Digitatus, R. sceleratus.
Ranunculus Declinatus, R. flammula.
Ranunculus Fica'ria, R. vernus seu pracox,
Chelido'nium minus, Scrophula'ria minor, Fica'-
ria rantinciiloi'des seu verna seu commu'nis, Che-
lido' nin rotuudifo'lia minor, Curen'ma htfmor-
rhoida'lis herhn, ^gole'thron. Lesser celandine,
Pilewort, (F.) Petite Chelidoine, Petite Eclnire,
Ficnire, Herbe nux hemorrhoides. The leaves
and root have been used medicinally ; — the leaves
as an antiscorbutic ; the root as a cataplasm in
piles.
Ranunculus Flam'mula, R.declina'tus, Flam'-
mula, Surrec'ta alba, Smaller Water Crowfoot,
Lesser Spearwort, (F.) Petite Douve.
Ranunculus Illyricus.
Ranuncui,us Lingua.
Ranunculus LvKtus, R. bulbosus — r. Nemo-
rosus. Anemone nemorosa — r. Palustris, R. sce-
leratus— r. Pratensis, R. acris.
Ranunculus Pennsylvanicus, Bristly Crow-
foot.
Ranunculus Precox, R. ficaria.
Ranunculus Pubrs'cens. Grows in ditches
and marshes in South Africa. The expressed
juice Is used by the Cape Colonists in cancerous
ulcers.
Ranunculus Repens, Creeping Crowfoot — r.
Rufulus, R. acris.
Ranunculus Scrlera'tus, if. Pahis'tris sen
nmbeUa'tus seu digitn'tua seu aqunt'icus, lllsus
A'pium, Herbn Sardo'nia, I/erba Scelera'la, He-
cato'nin pahis'tris, Marsh or Crushed or Celery-
leaved Crowfoot.
Ranunculus Siculus, R. acris — r. Stevenii,
R. acris --r. Umbellatus, R. sceleratus — r. Ver-
nus, R. ficaria — r. Virginianus, Lobelia syphili-
tica.
RAPA NAPUS, Brassica rapa — r. Rotunda,
Brassica rapa.
RAPE, Brassica napus, Stuprum.
RAPHANE'DON, from 'p«(/.avK, 'aradish,like
a radish.' Rhaphancdon. A transverse fincture
of a long bone, leaving no splinters ; — what has
been called, in France, Fracture en rave.
RAPHA'NIA, Conriil'sio Rnphanin, Rhapht'-
nia, Mo7-bus spasmoiV iciis mnlii/'niis seu popula'-
ris seu Sile'siacus, Eclnmp'sia typho'des, Si/nc'-
lotivs Raphania. Linnanis gives this name to a
convulsive disease, not tincommon in Gcriiiiiny
and Sweden, and which has been attributed to
the seeds of the Raph'anus Raphanie'trutn seu
sylves'tris, Raphanis'triim seg"etuin seu nrvense,
Rripistrum, being mixed with the corn. The con-
vulsions are seated in the limbs, and are attended
with acute pain. See Convulsio cerealis.
Raphania Maiztica, Pellagra.
RAPIIANIS, Rai)hanus hortensis — r. Magna,
Cochlearia armoracia.
RHAPHANISTRUM ARVENSE, see Ra-
phania.
RAPIIANUS, R. hortensis.
Raph'anus Houtkn'sis, Raphanns, R.sati'viis
seu niger, Raph'anis, Rhaph'anus, Riidic'ida,
Rhaphys, Raphys, R/iaps, Rapys, Radish, (F.)
Raifort, Radis. Ord. Crucifene. Se.r. Synt.
Tetradynamia Siliquosa. The root of this plant
is a common esculent. It has, also, been given
as a diuretic in calculous affections. The juice,
made into a sj'rup, is exhibited to relieve huarse-
ness. Radishes have long been celebrated as
anti-scorbutics.
Raphanus Marinus, Cochlearia armoracia —
r. Raphanistrum, see Raphania — r. Rusticanus,
Cochlearia armoracia — r. Sylvestris, see Rapha-
nia.
RAPHE, Rhaphe, 'paipv, 'a suture.' A name
given to prominent lines resembling a raised
stitch. Such is the raphe or traniis which divides
the scrotum into two parts, and which extends
from the anterior part of the anus to the extre-
mity of the penis. The name Rajyhe seu Raphe
aiipe'rior seu Linen Media'na seu Siitii'ra ciir'-
poris callo'si exter'na seu chorda lougitudina'tis
Lancis'ii is, also, given to two prominent lines
which are longitudinal and parallel, and are seen
at the upper surface of the corpus callosum, ex-
tending from the anterior to the posterior extre-
mity of that commissure.
RAPHEX, Chenopodium vulvaria.
RAPIIIAXKIS'TROX, from 'pa'/'<'»', 'a needle,'
and ayKiarpuv, 'a hook.' An instrument em-
ployed in the formation of artificial pupil.
RAPHION, Needle.
RAPHIS, Needle.
RAPHYS, Raphanus hortensis.
RAPISTRUM, see Raphania.
RAPONTIC, Rheum rhaponticum.
RAPPORT (¥.), Rela'tio, Renuncia'lio, 'a
report.' A deposition made by a physician or
surgeon, to prove the condition of a person, the
nature of a disease, the existence or non-exist-
ence of pregnancy, sudden or violent death, 4c.
RAPPORT
789
REALGAR
Formerly, there were the Rapporls d(,\oncialifH,
maile at the desire of the injured or their friends,
and intended to point out to tlie judges the de-
tails of the crime or misderaeiinor, — Ihe Rapports
prooimnrea, the object of wliich was to obtain
proviiiona for the injured individual, both as re-
garded food and medicine, and to defray the ex-
penses of prosecution ; — and Jiapports niixtes, or
those which were both denonc.ifaifn and pruvi-
eoirea. At present, reports or depositions are
generally divided \nto judiciary , or those which
(■erve to throw light on the subject matter of any
civil or criminal cause; and administrative,
which afford information on sulyects relating to
any branch of the public administration, as on
the nuisance, or otherwise, of certain establish-
ments, the character of any epidemic, &c.
RAPPORT, Eructation, Regurgitation.
IIAPTUS POST-TERGANEUS, Opisthoto-
nos.
RAPUM MAJUS, Brassica rapa.
RAPUNTIUM SYPHILITICUM, Lobelia sy-
philitica.
RAPURE, Rasura.
R.\PYS, Raphanus hortensis.
RAQUETTE, Cactus opuntia.
RAREFA'CIENS, Rarifa'ciens, ArcBOt'icits,
(F.) Rarejiaiit, from varus, 'rare,' iind facere, 'to
make.' Medicines were so termed, which were
supposed to be possessed of the power of giving
more bulk or extension to the blood or other
humours.
RAREFIANT, Rarefaciens.
RARIFACIENS, Rarefaciens.
RA'RITAS, (F.) i?are(e. Rarity; scantiness;
fewness.
Raritas Den'tium. A large space between the
teeth, which appear to be, and may be, too few.
RASCATIO, Excreation.
RASCETA, Carpus, Malleolus — r. Pedis,
Tarsus.
RASCTIA, Carpus, Malleolus.
RASETA, Carpus, Malleolus.
RASETTA, Carpus, Malleolus.
RASH, Exanthem — r. Fever, Scarlatina — r.
Canker, see Cynanehe maligna — r. Liehenous,
Lichen — r. Mercurial, Eczema mercuriale — r.
Mulberry, see Typhus — r. Nettle, Urticaria — r.
Rose, Roseola — r. Summer, Lichen tropicus — r.
Tooth, Strophulus — r. Wildfire, Ignis sylvaticus.
RASOfR. Razor.
RASO'RISM. The Italian medical doctrine
of contro-stimulus, of which Rasori was the
founder.
RASORIUM, Raspatoriura.
RASPATO'RIUM, Raso'rium, Rat'ula, Scal-
prnm roso'rinm, Xyster, Xyste'rium, Xystnim,
Rad'ida, Runci'na, Riincin'iila, Scalprum, (F.)
Riiffiiie, Gratloir. An instrument used for rasp-
ing bones, to detach the periosteum, — either in
certain surgical operations, or for anatomical pur-
poses.
RASPBERRY, Rubus idanis — r. Black, see
Rubus strigosus — r. Ground, Hydrastis Canaden-
sis— r. Wild, Rubus strigosus.
RASPING, Eructation.
RASPS, Rubus fruticosus.
RASSKTA PEDIS, Tarsus.
RASTKTA, Carpus, Malleolus.
RASU'RA, Xyama, Xysmos, (F.) Rdpure, from
rndere, rasum, ' to scrape.' A rasure, or scratch,
or erosion. Also, the rasping or shaving of any
substance; as Raau'rcB Cornu Cervi, Hartshorn
sharitiys.
Rasitha, Scobs.
RAT.\FI'A, (F.) Alcoole sucri, Saccharo-al-
eooU, A liijuor prepared by imparting to ardent
spirits the flavour of various kinds of fruits, add-
ing sugar.
RATANHY, Krameria ratanhia — r. of the An-
tilles, Krameria ixina.
RATE, Spleen.
RATELEUX, Spleneticus.
R Atelier, see DenHer.
RATIO, Rationa'litas, from reor, ratns, 'to
think.' A reason, a cause, an explanation, a
mode or manner; as Ratio symptom' atum, an ex-
planation of the symptoms, — Ratio meden'di.
Genus curatio'nia. Via curandi ; the reason,
mode or manner of cure.
Ratio, Reason — r. Medendi, see Ratio — r.
Symptomatum, see Ratio.
RAT"IONAL, Rationa'Us, (F.) Rationnel.
Same etymon as Ratio. That which is conform-
able to reason. This epithet is often opposed to
emj}irical / as rational treatment. The French,
also, say Signes rationales, in opposition to Siy-
nes sensihles. See Organic.
RATIONALITAS, Ratio.
RATSBANE, Arsenious acid.
RATTLE, Kale.
RATTLES, THE. see Rale.
RATTLEBUSH, Sophora tinctoria.
RATTLESNAKE, Crotalus horridus— r. Leaf,
Goodyera pubescens — r. Plantain, Goodyera pu-
bescens — r. Root, Nabalus albus, Polygala sene-
ga, Trillium latifolium — r. Weed, Hieracium ve-
nosum.
RATTLESNAKE'S MASTER, Agave Virgi-
nlca, Liatris scariosa, Nabalus albus.
RATTLEWEED, Acta?a racemosa.
RATULA, Raspatoriura.
RAUCE'DO, Uau'citas, Parapho'nia rauca,
Asper'itas Arte'ricB as'percB, Vox rauca. Bron-
chus, Hoarseness, (Sc.) Roup, (Prov.) Rawp, (F.)
Enrouement, Roucite, from rations, ' hoarse.' A
change in the voice, which loses its smoothness
and becomes low and obscure. It is a common
symptom in diseases of the larynx and trachea.
Raucedo Catarrua'lis. Hoarseness from
cold.
RAUCITAS, Raucedo.
RA UaiTE, Raucedo.
RAUCOUS, Raucua. 'Hoarse;' as a raucous
voice — Vox rnuca seu raucis'ona,
RA VE, Brassica rapa.
RAVERY, Delirium.
RAWP, Raucedo.
RAY, Diarrhoea.
RA YONNE, Radiated.
RAYONS SOUS-IRIENS, Ciliary processes
R.'VZOR, Culler Tonsor'iua, Machce'ria, Xovac'-
ula, Xyrum, Xyrus, (F.) Rasoir, from radere,
rasum, 'to shave.' An instrument for shaving.
Used in surgery to remove hairs, where they
would interfere with any operation.
REACHING, Vomiturition.
REACTION, Reac'tio, from re, 'again,' and
agere, actum, 'to act.' An action of resistance to
a power applied. A species of vital movement
or excitement, tending to prevent or destroy the
effects of any noxious power applied to the ani-
mal economy, and which, by some, has been
attributed to the via medicatri.v natures. It is
certainly dependent on the organic instinctive
actions of the frame. It is the state of activity
which succeeds the action on the nervous system
of certain morbific influences.
READ. Rennet.
REAL'GAR, Realgal, Arlada, Arladar, Auri-
pigmen'tum ruhrum, Arsen'icum rubruiii facti"-
tium, Abessi, Sandara'cha GrcBco'rum, Red Sul-
phuret of Mercury. A violent poison. See
Poison.
REAM
790
RECTUM
REAM. Cream.
REASON. Rn'tio, Lngos, (F.) Raison. Same
et3'iiion as Ratio. The faculty or property of the
wind by means of wliieh man perceives the dis-
tinction between riglit and wrong, in physics as
well as in morals. Renion is a just conclusion
resulting from the comparison of two ideas, by
virtue of which we form a judgment.
REBOLEA, Mummy.
KEBONA, Mummy.
RKBOUTEUR, I'iexoneur.
RECEIVER, Anipnlln, (F.) BnUon, RMpient,
from reclpere,receplitm, (re, and capere, ' to take,')
'to take, to receive.' In pharmacy, a wide-
necked globular vessel, the neck of which widens
gradually outwards, to receive the tapering beak
of the retort in distillation. Like the retort, the
receiver may he ])litin or tuhulnted.
A quilled receiver is one tliat has a tapering
tube from its lower surface, which is inserted into
a graduated bottle through a cork joint, when it
is desirable to know accurately the amount of
fluid that has passed over.
RECEPTACULA DUR^ MATRIS, Sinuses
of the dura mater.
RECEPTAC'ULUM CIIYLI, 'receptacle of
the chyle;' R. Pecqnet'i seu Pecquetia'num, Di-
vergo'riion seu Stitf/iium chi/li, Sac'ciilns chy'lifer
seu ro'rlfer seu lac'teus, Al'veus ampnllo'aus seu
antpnllen'ceiis, Utric'uliie Itictevs, Vesie'idn chyli,
Ampiil'la ehylif'era seu vhyli, Cinter'na lumhn'ria
seu Chyli, Ohyliicy«'tis, Cliylodochi'iim, Lnt'icen
lactei, Lnnibar cinlern, Reservoir of Pecquet, (F.)
RSaervoir du chyle, R. de Pecquet, Citerne lom-
hnire. A considerable dilatation of the thoracic
duct, in front of the lumbar region of the verte-
bral column. It is the commencement of the
duet.
Receptac'ulum Cotun'nii. a triangular space,
formed by a separation of the two laminae of the
dura mater of the internal ear, near the middle
of the posterior surface of the pars petrosa of the
temporal bone, where the aquaeductus vestibuli
terminates. It is always tilled with the Fluid of
Cotucjno. .
RucEPTACtiLUM PecqiAiti, R. Chyli — r. Sellse
equina lateribus appositum, Cavernous sinus.
RECEPTIVITY, Receptiv'itas, (P.) Recepti-
vite. Same etymon as Receiver. A word used
by Tissot to express the susceptibility of certain
organs to receive morbific impressions.
RECEPTUM, Prescription.
RECESSIO, Paroxysm.
RECESSUS, Abscess, Sinus — r. Sulciformis,
see Fovea vestibuli.
RECHAMALCA, Rachamelca,
RECHUTE, see Relapse.
RECIDIVA MORBI, Relapse.
RECIDIVE, see Relapse.
RECIPE, (L.) (re, and capere, 'to take.')
A Latin word which signifies 'take,' (F.) Prenez,
and with which prescriptions are commenced. It
is, often, represented by R, R, and was formerly
by 1|, the symbol of Jove. See Abbreviation.
RECIPIENT, Receiver.
RECIPROCATION, VIBRATIONS OF, see
Sound.
RECLINATIO, Reclination— r. Palpebrarum,
Ectropion.
RECLINA'TION, Reclina'tio, from recliiiare,
reclinalum, (re, and cliiiare, 'to bend,') 'to bend
back.' A mode of operating for the cataract,
■which consists in applying the needle in a cer-
tain manner to the anterior surface of the cata-
ract and depressing it into the vitreous humour,
in such a way, that the front surface of the cata-
ract is the upper one and its back surface the
lower one.
RECLUSOR PALPEBRARUxM, Levator pal-
pchrse su])erioris.
RECOM POSITION, Mctasynchrisi.s.
RECONVALESCKNTIA, Convalescence.
RECORUATIO, Memory.
RECORDATUS, Memory.
RECORPORATIVUS, Mctasyncritio.
RECOVER Y, Rcstauratio.
RECREATIO, Rcstauratio.
RECREMENT, Recremeu'lum, from re, and
ceriiere, cretum, ' to sift.' A humour, which, after
having been separated from the blood, is again
returned to it ; such as the saliva, tiie secrotiou
of serous membranes, Ac. Such fluids are said to
be recre»ieiitit"icil, (F.) R^crimenteux, Ricreinen-
titiel ; Ifumi/ren iiiquili'iii.
RECRE.MENTA VESICAE, Urine.
RECREMENTITIAL FLUIDS, see Recre-
ment.
RECREMEN'TO- EXCREMENTIT"IAL.
Applied to secreted fluids, as the saliva, bile, &v.,
which are in part reabsorbed and in purl ex-
creted.
RECREMENTUM, Recrement.
RECRUUESCEN'TIA, Pulincote'nis, Recru-
des'ceuce, from re, 'again,' and crndita, 'raw.'
An increase of a disease after a temporary re-
mission.
RECTAL, Recta'lia. Appertaining, or relating
to, the rectum, — as 'rectid tube.' See Tulie,
rectal.
RECTIFICA'TION, Rectifica'tio, from rcclum
facere, 'to make right.' An operation by which
certain liquids are purified by distilling tiiein,
either singly or after admi.Kture with other sub-
stances.
RECTI'TIS. A hybrid word, from rectum,
and )7?«, denoting inflammation; properly «n,A!-
/('«, or proctitis. Inflammation of the rectum.
Proctal'fi ia ill flu mmuto'rin.
RECTO, in composition, signifies relating or
belonging to the rectum.
RECTOCELE, Cystocele.
RECTOSTENOSIS, Stricture of the rectum.
RECTO-U'TERINE, Recto-uteri' n us, from rec-
turn, and uterus. Appertaining, or relating, to
the rectum and uterus.
Recto- UTERINE Folds, see Uterus.
RECTOVAG"INAL, Recto-vagina' lis. That
which relates or belongs to the rectum and
vagina.
Recto-vaginal Fistula is owing to a preter-
natural communication between the rectum and
vagina through the above septum.
Recto- vaginal Septum, (F.) Cloiaon reclo-
vaginale, is formed by the junction — back to
back — (or by what the French term aduseemeut)
of the rectum and vagina. It separates these
two canals from each other.
RECTO-VES'ICAL, Recto-veaica'lis. Having
relation to the rectum and bladder; as the "rec-
to-vesical fold or jiouch" of the peritoneum, be-
tween the rectum and bladder. See Urinary
Bladder.
RECTUM, from rectus, so called from a notion
that it is straight. It is not so. Iniesti'uum
Rectum, Apeuthys'menoa, Euthyen'teron, Louyanii,
Longas, Loiignuon, Archoa, Cys'aaros, J'riucej/s,
3Iouoco'lon [?], Bum-gut, (Prov.) Jot-gut. Tiie
third and last portion of the great intestine. It
forms the continuation of the sigmoid flexure of
the colon, occupies the posterior part of the pel-
vis, and extends from the left side of the sacro-
vertebral articulation to the coccyx, before which
it opens outwards by the orifice called the anus.
It is cylindrical, but eaccated, ar it were, at its
inferior portion, where it is consequently larger,
and is attached to the sacrum by the mesorectum.
RECTUS
791
RECURRENT
Like the other portions of the canal it is formed
of three ineinliranes. Towards the lower extre-
mity, some parallel and longitudinal wrinkles are
oliserviihle on its inner surface: these are the
CnliimiiH, Coliim'iKF car'nr-cB of the Rectum or of
iforyiiyiii, (F.) C'lilouiiea dii rectum ou de Mor-
giirjiii. They are merely folds of the raucous
iiicuihrane, between which is a number of Lucuucb.
The arteries of the rectum are numerous. They
proceed from the inferior mesenteric, hypogastric,
and internal pudic, and are called liemorilioid(d.
The veins open, partly into the hypogastric vein,
partly into the inferior mesenteric. The nerves
proceed from the sciatic and hypogastric plex-
uses. The rectum receives the fyDcal matters, as
they pass from the colon, which serves as a re-
servoir for them.
RECTUS, 'straight.' (F.) Droit. A terra,
used in anatomy for parts tiiat pursue a straight
course ; — as
Rkctos Abdom'inis, (F.) Puhlo-siemti!, Stenio-
piiliieH (Ch.), Droit de I'ubdomen. A long flat
muscle, situate at the anterior part of the abdo-
men, and sejjarated from that of the opposite side
by the linea alba. It is attached, above, to the
cartilages of the last three true ribs ; and, below,
to the pubis by a very strong tendon, the outer
edge of which is continuous with the fascia trans-
versalis. This muscle is enclosed in an aponeu-
rotic sheath ; and, in its course, has three or four
transverse aponeurotic intersections. It bends
the chest on the pelvis, and conversely.
RucTUS A.NTEiuoii BitKVis, Rectus capitis in-
terims minor — r. Anterior longus, R. capitis in-
ternus major — r. Capitis anticus longus, R. c.
iiiternus major.
Rectus Capitis iNTEtiNtis MA.roR, R. intemus
major seu anterior louijim seu capitis oiiti'cus
Iniiijus, (F.) Triichelo-boiiiloire, Grand droit an-
th-ie.iir de Id tete. This muscle is long in propor-
tion to its breadth, flat, and broader above than
below. It is situate at the anterior and lateral
part of the neck, and arises from the transverse
processes of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth
cervical vertebrie. It is inserted into the basilary
process of the occipital bone.
Rkct(is Capitis Intrrnus Minor, R. iufertius
minor seu (Ulterior brevii, Ren'ueni, An'nuenn,
(¥.] Petit trachilo-bnuHiiire, Petit droit unterieur
de In tete. This is situate deeper than the last.
It is thin, flattened, irregularly quadrilateral,
and passes from the anterior surface of the body
of the first vertebra, near the origin of the trans-
verse process, to be inserted into the basilary
process.
Rectus Capitis Latera'lis, R. lateralis seu
lalern'lis FaHo'pii, TronHverHa'lin anti'ciin pri-
mus, (F.) Tracfie/o-at/o'ido-basilaire, Atlo'ido-
sous-occipital (Ch.), Droit lateral de la tete.
There is a muscle of this name on each side of
the head. It is flat, quadrilateral, and passes
from the transverse process of the atlas to the
occiput, behind the jugular fossa. It inclines the
head to one side.
Rectus Capitis Posti'cits Ma.ior, R. }fajor
seu Capitis poHti'ciis minor (Albinus), Spini-ax-
oido-occi pita' lis, (P.) Axoido-occipitale (Ch.),
Grand droit poslSricur de la tete. A flat, trian-
gular muscle, situate at the posterior and superior
part of the neck. It extends from the spinous
process of the second cervical vertebra to the
external surface of the lower semicircular ridge
of the occipital bone. This muscle extends the
head, inclines it to one side, and causes it to ex-
perience (I rotary motion, which directs the face
to its side.
Recti's Capitis Posti'cits Minor, R. minor,
(F. ) Tnbrr-alhndo-occipital, Atlo'ido-occipital
(Ch.), J^etit droit poatirieur de la tite. A flat,
triangular muscle, situate beneath the last, which
passes from the posterior arch of the atlas to the
occipital bone. It extends the head.
Rectus Capitis Posticus Minor, R. c. p.
major — r. Cruris, R. femoris.
Rectus Externus Oc' vi,\. Abductor oculi, In-
dignabun'dus, Indignato'rius, Iracnn'diis, Oc'u-
Inni movens aecun'dus, Orbito-extus-sclerolicien.
All the recti muscles of the eye, four in number,
arise from the bottom of the orbit, and are in-
serted into the sclerotic coat of the eye. The
Rectus crternus, (F.) Droit externe. Irascible ou
Abducleur, is divided, at its posterior extremity,
into two portions, one of which is attached to the
outer part of the foramen opticum, and the other
to the sphenoid bone.
Rectus Fem'oris, Rectus seu Grac"ilis ante-
rior seu cruris, (F.) Jlio-rotulien, Droit ante-
rieiir dc la cnisse. A straight muscle, seated at
the anterior part of the thigh. It extends from
the anterior and inferior spine of the ilium and
the cotyloid cavity of the patella. This muscle
extends the leg upon the thigh, and conversely.
It can, also, bend the thigh upon the pelvis or
carry the pelvis forward.
Rectus Inferior Oculi, Depres'sor ocidi, Tim'-
idus, Dep'rimens, Ilu'inilis, Oc'ulum movens quar-
tns, (F.) S'ous-optico-spheno-scleroticien, Droit in-
ferieur ou abuisseur de I'ceil, Muscle humble,
arises below the optic foramen, from the sphenoid
bone. It depresses the eye.
Rectus Intrrnus Oc'ui.i, Addu'cens oculi, Bi-
bito'rius, Oculi adductor, Oculum movens primus,
(F.) Orbito-intus-scleroticien, Droit interne de
I'ceil ou adducteur ou buvenr. It arises from the
sphenoid at the inferior part of the foramen opti-
cum. It turns the eye towards the nose.
Rectus Superior Oculi, Attol'lens oculi seu
oc'ulum, Leva'tor seu Eleva'tor oculi, Superbus,
Oculum movens tertius, (F.) Sus-optico-spheno-
srleroticien, Droit superieur ou Eleoaleur de I'ceil,
Dedaiijneux, is attached to the circumference of
the foramen opticum.
All the recti muscles are concerned in the
voluntary motions of the eye. The oblique mus-
cles have been supposed by Sir C. Bell to execute
the involuntary. [?J
Rectus Inferior Femoris, Gracilis — r. In-
ternus major, R. capitis internus major — r. In-
ternus minor, R. capitis internus minor — r. La-
teralis, R. capitis lateralis — r. Lateralis Fallopii,
R. capitis lateralis — r. Major, R. capitis posticus
major -r. Minor, R. capitis posticus minor.
ilECUBITORIUM, Anaclinterium.
RECUPERATION, Restauratio.
RECU'PERATIVE, /?eci(';)e/V(/ory. from recu-
peratio, ' recovery.' Restorative. Recovering.
Belonging to recovery.
RECUR'RENT, Recur'rens, from reeurrere,
(re, and currere), 'to run back.' A name given
to several arterial and nervous branches, which
seem to re-ascend towards the origin of the trunk
whence they emanate.
Recurrent Autrries. This name has been
given to several arteries of the forearm, and to
one of the leg. In \\ie forearm, there are, 1. The
Radittl recurrent, Artere recurrente de Fepicon-
di/le (Ch.l, which arises from the su|)erior part
of the radial, and ascends between the supinator
longus, s. brevis, and the brachialis internus. 2.
The anterior cubital recurrent, A. recurrente de
I'epltrochlee (Ch.), which arises from the upper
and inner part of the cubital, and ascends he-
tween the pronator teres and brachialis internus.
3. The posterior cubital recurrent, which arises
from the preceding artery, or from the cubital
itself, and ascends between the olecranon and in-
ternal tuberosity of the humerus. 4. The poste-
rior radial recurrent, A. recurrente olecrnnienite
RECURVATIO
792
REGURGITATION
(Cli.)- It arises from the posterior interosseous,
anil aseends between the posterior cubiial and
anconeus muscles. In the /eg, — the Arleria re-
r.iinetii tihia'liii, A. recnrreiite da f/eiion (Ch.), is
furnished by the anterior tibial, and ascends to
the tibialis anticus muscle.
Recurrrnt Bandagrs are formed by convo-
lutions of bandages, which make a kind of cap for
the part — as the head — to which they are applied.
RECURVATIO, see Hump.
RECUTITUS, Apella.
REDBEAN, Abrus precatorius.
REDBERRY, Arbutus uva ursi, Gaultheria,
Panax quinquefolium — r. Bitter, Cornus Florida
■ — r. Swamp, Vaccinium oxycoceos.
REDGOWN, Strophulus.
RED HEAD, Asclepias Curassavica.
REDMAILKES, Papaver rhceas.
REDKOD, Cornus sericea.
RED BOOT, Cclastrus, Lachnanthes tinctoria,
Sanguitiaria Canadensis.
REDSHANKS, Polygonum persiearia.
BED WATER TREE, see Sassy Bark.
REDIMICULUM. Diadema.
REDliXGOrES ANGLALSES, see Condom.
REDINTEGRATIO, Regeneration, Restau-
ratio.
REDIVIA, Paronychia.
JIEDONDANCE, Plethora.
ltEDOUnLE^fENT,E\».cerhtii\oxl,Viiro\yim.
REDRESSEUR UTERIN, Pessary, intra-
uterine.
REDS, Menses.
REDUCTIO. Reduction, Taxis— r. Praeputii
Impedita, Phimosis.
REDUCTION, Rediic'tio, Repoi,ii")o, Resti-
tii'tio, Diap'lanis, Diaplan'mus, Si/iitnx'is, from
redncere, rednctiini, {re, and diieere, ductnm, ' to
lead,') ' to bring back.' A surgical operation, the
object of which is to restore displaced parts to
their original .situation. Thus, we say the reduc-
tion of a luxation, when the displaced parts are
again brought to their proper relative situation.
The reduction of a hernia is the restoration of the
protruded parts to the cavity of the abdomen.
This is, also, called Taxis.
In pharmacy, the process of restoring oxides,
chlorides, sulphurets, Ac, to the metallic state.
REDUNDANTIA, Plethora.
REDUVIA, Paronychia.
RERD MACE, Typha latifolia.
REFECTIO, Restauratio.
REFECTIVA, Analeptica.
REFECTUS. Restauratio.
REFICIENTIA, Analeptica.
REFLECTION, Rejlex'io, (re, and Jlecto, flee-
liim, 'to bend.') A bending or turning back.
Duplicnture.
REFLECTOR EPIGLOT'TIDIS. A muscle,
which arises from the arytenoid cartilage and in-
ner part of the thyroid, and is inserted into the
lateral edges of the epielottis.
REFLEX MOVEMENTS, see Motion— r. Sys-
tem of nerves, see Excito-motory, and Nerves.
REFLEXIO, Reflection— r. Palpebrarum, Ec-
tropion.
REFORME, Invaliding.
REFRACTION, Re/mc'tw, Phntocnmp'sh,
Dla'clftnie, from re, and /rnn</ere, /ractiim, ' to
break.' The change of direction which rays of
light experience when they pass obliquely from
one medium into another of different density. If
the light passes from a rarer to a denser medium,
it approaches the perpendicular raised at the
point of immersion. The contrary occurs, when
it goes fniin a denser to a rarer medium. The
theory of lenses, telescopes, and of the eye, rests
entirely on this property of light.
REFRIGERANT, see Alembic.
REFRIC'ERANTS, Re/,!,jera„'tfa, P„jch'ti.
en, Aiilit/ier'iiia, Friye/iicieii'tia, {¥.) Riifriitvhia-
Hiiitln, Refriijeratifs, DestiUiriintu, from re, iilid
/ric/ere, ' to coi)].' Medicines which depress the
morbid temperature of the body. The chief re-
puted refrigerants are the Potassac Nitrns [?], the
Sodas Boras [?], but chiefly the abstraction of
caloric by ice and ice-drinks, cold water, cold
lemonades, soda-water, and effervescing draughts
internally ; and externally, cool air, cold water,
evaporating lotions, and frigorific mixtures.
REFRIGERA TIES, Refrigerants,
REFRIGERATOR, see Alembic.
REGENERATIO, Reproduction.
REGENERA'TION, Regenera'lio, Palhit/en'-
esin, Rediutegra'tio, from re, and geiierare, gnte-
ratiim, ' to beget.' Reproduction of a part of the
body, which has been destroyed.
REG"IMEN, (F.) Regime, from regere, 'to
govern.' The rational and methodical use of
food, and of everything essential to life; both in
a state of health and disease. It is often restricted,
in its meaning, to Diet. It is sometimes used
sj'nonymously with hygiene.
REGIME SANITAIEE and SYSTEME
SANITAIHE, mean the measures and regular
tions adopted to prevent the development and
propagation of diseases reputed to be pestilential,
— especially plague, yellow fever, and cholera.
REGINA PRATI, Spiraea ulmaria.
REGIO, Region.
Regio Auricularis. The region of the ear.
Regio Bucca'lis. The region of the cheek.
Regio Cardiaca, Epigastric region.
Regio Cervica'lis. The region of the neck.
The cervical region.
Regio Epigastrica, Epigastrium.
Regio Faoia'ms. The facial region.
Regio Frontalis. The frontal region.
Regio Gastrica, Umbilical region — r. Ilypo-
gastrica, see Hypogastrium — r. Hypochondriaca,
Hypochondre — r. lliaca. Iliac region — r. Ingui-
nalis, Inguinal region — r. Ischiadica, Ischiadic
region — r. Jugalis, Jugal region — r. Lumbalis,
Lumbi — r. Mentalis, Mental region — r. Mcsogas-
trica, Umbilical region — r. Nasalis, Nasal region
— r. Nuchae, Nuchal region — r. Nuchalis, Nuchal
region — r. Occipitalis, Occiput — r. Occipitalis in-
ferior. Nuchal region — r. Perinaei, Perinicura —
r. Praecordiaca, Praecordial region — r. Pubis,
Pubic region — r. Stomachalis, Epigastric region
— r. Stomachica, Epigastric region — r. Tempora-
lis, Temple — r. Umlailicalis, Umbilical region.
RE'GION, iJt-'jio. Same etymon. Anatomists
have called regions, determinate spaces on the
surface of the body or of difl'erent organs. Thus,
the abdomen has been divided into several; to
which difl'erent names have been given. See
Abdomen, Epigastrium, Ilypochondrium, Hypo-
gastrium.
REGION OMBILICALE, Umbilical region.
REGIONAL ANATOMY, see Anatomy.
REGIES, Menses — r. Bevies, Menstruation,
vicarious — r. Dijffieiles, Dysinenorrhoea.
REGLISSE, Glycyrrhiza.
REGNE ANIMAL, see Animal.
REG'ULAR, Regida'ris, from regtda, (regere,
'to govern,') 'a rule.' According to rule. Ap-
plied to the types of a disease, and to the pulse,
when according to rule.
Regular Practit"ioner. One who practises
his profession according to the rules established
by law or custom.
REGULUS ANTIMONII, Antimonium.
REGURGITA'TION, Regurgita't'io. The act
by which a canal or reservoir throws back sub-
K h I F
9 3
REMORA
gtnnces accumulftted in it. Mitml regurrjltntion,
for example, means the reflux of blood tlirou^li
the left iitiriculo-ventricular opening, during the
coiitriiction of the left ventricle. Regnrgitation
ic niso :i|i|ili('il to the ]ti(kiiir/ or pomn'tliiiii of
infants ; and to the rinimj of solids or fluids into
the mouth in the adult, — from re, and </'>'"'/c,
{ijiin/en), 'the throat.' (F.) Rajiport. What is
called " vomiting at pleasure" is regurgitation.
The substances brought into the mouth by re-
gurgitation, the French call Renvois.
KEIF, Psora.
RKIN, Kidney.
REINE DBS PRES, Spirsea ulraaria.
REINERZ, MINERAL WATERS OF. Rein-
erz is a small town in .Silesia, three Gorman miles
from Glatz. The waters are acidulous chaly-
beates. The principal springs are the tepid
drinking spring, the cold spring, and three bath-
ing springs.
REINFORCE'MENT, FASCICULUS OF, F.
Cniirii'tiin. A band of fibres from the corpus in-
vi'iin'iiuiiim, or lateral part of the antero-lateral
coliiiiiu of the medulla, which is continued up
beliiiiil and around the corpus olivare, is lined on
its inner or central surface with cineritious sub-
stance, enlarges as it ascends, passes over the
upper surface of the pons Varolii, and is expanded
into the optic thalamus. It thus forms, in its
course, the anterior paries of the fourth ventricle,
and is brought into view by brushing away the
tiihercn/nin ciuereiini or gray matter of the ven-
tricle. The band has received these names owing
to its constantly increasing as it ascends, and be-
ing mixed up with gray matter on its inner face,
from which its seems to derive new fibres.
REINS, Kidneys, Lumbi.
RE.JEC no, -/l})a</o'(/e, from rejicere, rejecttim,
(re, and /'(ffce, 'to cast,') 'to east back.' Every
excretion by the mouth, — spitting, expectoration,
regurgitation, or vomiting.
Rbjectio Sanguinis e Pulmonibus, Haemo-
ptysis.
REJUVENES'CENCE, Rejuveueicen'tia, from
re, 'again.' and jiivcneaccns, 'growing young:'
(junenis, ' a youth'.) A renewal of youth. The
state of being young again. The assumption of
the characteristics of youth by the aged,
EELAGHANT, Relaxant.
RELACHEMEXT, Relaxation.
RELAPSE, Hypot'rope, Epis'/rophe, Hi/pns'-
triiphe, Miirtii reridi'vn, Hi/polroptitn'niiis, from
re, ' again,' and l<tbor,l<ipi>ii'i, ' I fall down.' The
return of a disease, during, or shortly after, con-
valescence. The French use Rechute in this
sense; and Recidive (Moi^hiis reciWi'uns) for the
return of a complaint, at a greater or less period
after the complete recovery of health.
The terms Relaps>i\)j fever, Short fever, Fi've-
daij fever, Seveit-diii/ fever, Bil'ioufi Remitt'ent
fever, Remiltiiif/ Ic'teric fever, and 3fild Ye/low
fever, (F.) Fiivre d rechiite, have been given to a
form of continued fever, which has occasionally
appeared ei)idemically, as in Edinburgh, in 1843
and 1847, and was generally atteniled with
icteric symptoms. The main phenomena disap-
peared at about the end of a week: but in many
cases a relapse occurred about the end of a fort-
night. Few died of the affection.
RELAPSING FEVER, see Relapse.
RELATIO. Rapport.
RELATION, FUNCTIONS OF, see Function.
RELAX'ANT, Lnxaim, .}falact'ieum, Chalns'-
ticiiiii, Paret'icum. (F.) Reldchiiut, from re, and
laj:are, 'to loosen.' A uiediciao which diminishes
the tension of organs. Mucilaginous andfatty
substances are relaxants.
RELAXANTIA, Emollients.
RELAXATIO CORDIS ET ARTERIARUM,
Diastole.
RELAXA'TION, ReJoxa'tio. Same etymon-
Chala'aiif, Chahin'mos, (F) Reldchement. In Ph^j-
aioloffi/. relaxation is opposed to contraction. In
Palhologji, it means great looseness of a part.
RELE VE- PA UriERE. An instrument for
raising the eyelid.
RELEVEUR BE L'ANUS, Levator ani —
r. de la Leore inferienre. Levator labii inferioris
— r. da lleiiton, Levator labii inferioris — r. de
rOinoplate, Levator scapulae — r. de la Prostate,
Levator prostatas — r. de V Urethre, Levator ure-
throe.
RELIG"IOUS DISEASES, (F.) Maladies re-
lii/ieiiees. Diseases affecting the nervous system,
and arising from the excitment of religious emo-
tions. See C(i?ivi(hionnaire.
RELTQUAT, (F.) The remnant or remains
of a disease.
REMAK FIBRES, see Fibres, Remak.
REMANSIO MENSIUM, Amenorrhoea.
REMEDE, Clyster, Medicament— r. du Ga-
pnchin. Liquor hydrargyri nitrici — -r. de Durande,
Liquor anodynus terebinthinatus — r. du Due
d'Aiitin, Liquor hydrargyri nitrici.
REMEDIAL, Medicinal.
REMEDIATE, MedicinaL
REMEDILESS, Incurable.
REMEDIUM, .Juvans, Medicament — r. Den-
tifricium, Dentifrice.
REMEDY, Medicament— r. English, Cinchona.
REMISSIO, Decline, Remission —r. Cordis et
Arteriaruin, Diastole — r. Morbi, Remission — r.
Virium, Atony.
REMIS'SION, Renris'sio, Epan'esis, An'esis,
Siibinis'sio, Aph'esis, Eii'doais, Meio'sis, from re-
mi ttere, (re, and mittere, missum, ' to send'),
' to relax.' In a more extensive signification, a
temporary diminution of the symptoms of a dis-
ease, either acute or chronic, Remis'sio morbi.
Diminution in the febrile symptoms, such as
occurs in a remittent fever between the exacer-
bations.
REMETTC, Medicament.
REMITTENS ICTERODES, Fever, yellow.
REMIT'TENT, Remit'tens. Same etymon.
Any disease which presents remissions.
Remittent of Childken, Fever, infantile re-
mittent.
Remittent Fever, Febris remit'tens, Epan'e-
tus, Exac"erbntlng, paroxymul, sub-continual,
endem'ic, endem'ial or endem'icnl fever, (F.) Fii-
vre rimiltente, is one which strikingly exacerbates
and remits, but without intermission. The ordi-
nary bilious fever of the United States is a simple
remittent — Epanetua mitis, (F.) Fievre rimittente
simple.
Remittent Fever, Bilious, Remittent fever,
see Relapse.
Remitting Icteric Fever, see Relapse.
REM'ORA, from remornri, (re, and mora, 'de-
lay,) 'to arrest.' Stoppage, stagnation, — as of
blood. Also, the name of two surgical instru-
ments, intended to retain parts i)i situ. The
one was used, formerly, in castration, to prevent
the intestines from protruding at the inguinal
ring: the other, called Rcmora Hilda'ni, (F.)
Arret d'Hildan, Echene'is, was employed to
maintain fractures and luxations reduced. It is
not now used.
REN
■94
RETRODUCTION
Rf.mora Arathi, Ononis spinosa.
REN, Kidney.
IIEXAL, Rena'Us, from Ren, 'the kidney.'
That which relates to the kidney.
Rknal Artekies, Emii!g"ei>t Arten'eD, nre very
large and short, and commonly two in number —
one to each kidney. They arise from the sides
of the abdominal aorta, forming with it a right
angle. The left is commonly a little more ante-
rior and elevated than the right. After a short
course, they arrive at the fissure of the kidney,
Vvhere they divide, before entering it, into three
or four very considerable branches.
Renal Capsule, Capsule, renal — r. Nerve, see
Splanchnic Nerves.
Renal Plex'uses, Emnlg"ent Plexvses. These
are two : — one on each side. They proceed from
fasciculi of the solar and coeliac plexuses; from
the outer side of the semilunar ganglion and the
final expansion of the small splanchnic nerves.
These plexuses begin by three or four ganglions,
situate at the commencement of the renal arterj- ;
and they give off from their circumference many
fine, straight filaments, which do not anastomose,
and which enter the kidney with the divisions
of the renal artery. These divisions they ac-
company.
Renal Veins, Emnlgent Veiiii. These are
very large. Their roots follow the same course
as the arteries in the substance of the kidney.
In the fissure or pelvic portion of the kidney,
they unite into a single trunk, which pa.sses
transversely inwards, and opens at the side of the
vena cava descendens.
RENCnUS, Snoring, Stertor.
REN'CULUS, lienir'iilitu, Ren'nhm, diminutive
of 7ieii, 'a kidney.' A small kidney. A lobe of
the kidney.
RENDLES, Rennet.
RENEAL'MIA EXALTA'TA, Alphi'w exal-
tn'tn seu tiihula'tn. A plant of British Guiana,
which is possessed of diaphoretic and diuretic
properties ; and. in large doses, is emetic. It is
much used there in dropsy, rheumatism, dysen-
tery, &c. The bruised rhizoma is the part em-
ployed.
RENES SUCCENTURIATI, Capsules, renal.
RENICULUS, Renculus.
RENIFORM. Nephroid.
RENNES. MINERAL WATERS OF. Ther-
mal salines in the department of Aube, France,
containing carbonic acid and chloride of magne-
sium. Temperature 103 to 121°, of Fahr.
PiENNET, Jiunnet, Cocu/'ulnm, vvrta, mieria,
Pytin, Pyet'ia, from (G.) gerinnen, 'to coagu-
late' [?], (F.) Cnille-Iaif. When the fourth sto-
mach or AhomnsKH of the calf is salted and dried,
it possesses the property of coagulating milk,
when a portion of it is soaked in water, and the
infusion — Rennet, Rendlcs, Ronnhig, (Prov.)
Enrning, Preaser, Read, Running, Steep — is
added to milk.
Rennet Whey, see Serum lactis.
RENONCULE, Ranunculus— r. Bulheuse, Ra-
nunculus bulbosus.
RENOJJEE. Polygonum aviculare — r. Acre,
Polygonum hydropiper.
REXOVEUn,(¥.) Rchontenr,Rl,nh;Ucnr Jrnm
re, and noner, {nodno, 'a knot,') 'to lie or knit
again.' A bone-dmlor : — a bone-ncller. One
who makes a trade of reducing fractures and
dislocations.
RENOVATIO, Anancosis.
RENSSELAERIA VIRGINICA, Peltandra
Virginica.
RENUENS, Rectus capitis internus minor.
RENULUS, Renculus.
RENUM ATONIA, Nephratonia — r. Paraly-
sis, Nephratonia.
RENUNCIATIO, Rapport.
RENVERSEMENT DE LA LANGUE, Pa-
raglossa — r. de la Matriee, Uterus, inversion of
the — r. den Paiipieres, Ectropion — r. du Rirlum,
Proctocele — r. de la Vesaie, Exocyste, Exslrophia
of the bladder.
RENVOIS, see Regurgitation,
REPANDATIO, Lordosis.
REPARATION, Restauratio.
REPAR'ATIVE, Repar'atory. Having the
power of restoring or repairing.
REPELLENTIA, Repellents.
REPEL'LENTS, Repellen'tia, Repercut!en't!a,
Apocrnn'tica, Repercnv'si'res, (F. ) R^pereiisnifn,
from re, and pcUere, ' to drive.' Medicines which,
when applied to a tumefied part, cause the fluids,
that render it tumid, to recede, as it were, from
it. Astringents, cold water, ice, Ac, are repel-
lents.
REPERCUSSTFS, Repellents.
REPERCUSSIO, Contra-fissura, Repercussion.
REPERCIIS'SION, Repercim'sio, Anae'lanlH,
from re, and percutio, percnsHum , {per, and qiintrre,
'to shake or batter,') 'I strike back.' Disnp-
pearance of a tumour or cutaneous eruption, in
consequence of the application of a repellent.
The action of a repellent remedy. The French
writers use the term Delitescenre, DeliteHceii'fin,
for the sudden disappearnnce of a tumour, in-
flammation, eruptive disease, or purulent collce-
tion, without the disease occurring in any other
part of the body : in this respect delitescence
differs from metastasis : Delitefeenve of an inflatn-
mation or ' sudden disappearance' is distinguished
by certain French pathologists from Renolution.
Repercussion also means Ballolfemcnt.
REPERCUSSIVES, Repellents.
REPERCUTIENTIA, Repellents.
REPLETION, Fulness, Plethora.
REPTA LONGITUDINAL DE LA 3IE-
NINGE, Falx cerebr^
REPOSITIO, Anaplasis, Reduction, Taxis.
REPOUSSOIR, Punch— r. d'Aretes, Probang.
REPRIMENS, Epischeticus.
REPRODUCTION, Repmdnc'tio, Regenera'.
ti'o, from re, and prndncere, prodiicfiim, (pro, and
ducere.) The function by which living boilies
produce bodies similar to themselves. See Gene-
ration. As a general remark, it will be found
true, that the larger animals are uniparons; find
the smaller, which are more exposed to destruc-
tion, multiparous. The mammalia being of the
same natural class as man, it may be useful to
compare them in this respect.
REI'RODUCTION
RES CONTRA-NATUr.AM
COMPARATIVE TABLE OF REPRODUCTION IN THE CLASS MAMMALIA.
Speaes.
Primates.
Man
MniiUoys (large)
Do. (loMj,' tailed)
Cnrnirora,
W-nt
Uailirer
llcdiiclKiB
Koricl
Oiler
Polecat,
Marten,
Weasel, and
Kriiiliie,
Dldelphiis, \
Opossiiiii, and \
Philander, >
Lion
Tiuer, ;
Leopard (
Lvnx
VVild Cat
Woir
Dnjf. in the most }
natural state, j • •••
Fox
Jackall
Isatis
Phoca
Hoite.ntia.
Squirrel
Klyins Squirrel
Ondatra
Beaver
Flare
Kalihlt
Rat
Mouse
Marmot
CIninea V\n
Uonnoiise
Edentata.
Armadilla
RuminuMtia.
Camel
Droinedarv
Bnffiilo .;
Beef
Lama
Reindeer
Hiirk and Uoe
Roelniek
Saica (Antelope)
ClianioisaiuiVViUlGoat
Coat
Mnsimon
Sheep
Solipeiles.
riorse
Ass
Zehra
Pnr/iijdcrmnta.
Iloff ....'
Klephant
Rhinoceros
Hippopotamus
Morse
Aee oiipalile of en-
Duraiion of gesta-
Number of vouns ut
ReudennK.
tion.
each bnlli.
tlie function.
14 years
9 monlhs
1 lo3 i
Do. f
Do. S
:i yeiirs
7 nionths
At a soinew ha' ad-
2 years
G months
vanced ai;e.
2 years
112 days
1 to 4
2.5 lo 30 years.
3 to 4
3 too
20 10 25 years.
1 vnar
1 inc. and 10 days
11 iiioiilhs
Do.
5 to 9 twice a year
Produces during life.
3 nioMihs
56 days
3 to 4
3 to 6
4 to 6
3 to 4
before 1 year
8 to 10 years.
10 years. (?)
20 to 25 years.
2 years
3 to 4 months
Do.
3 months
4 to 5
Do.
9 weeks
Sfi (lavs
3 to 4
4 to (i
before 1 year
9 years.
2 years
73 days
5 to 9
15 to 20 years.
lU months
C3 days
3 to 6
15 years.
1 year
2 nionths
Do.
10 or 12 years.
Do.
63 days
3 months (?)
45 days
5 io8
2 to 3
3 to 4 twice a year
1 year
Produces during life.
3 lo 4
3 lo 5
2 to 3
j 2 to 4 several j
i times a vear i
Do.
Lives (i years.
Lives 8 years.
I year
4 months
30 days
C mnntlis
Do.
4 to silo.
Lives 8 or 9 years.
Do.
5 or I) weeks
5 to li do.
Produces during life.
Do.
1 nionih
Do.
Do.
6 wenlis
2 to 4
Do.
5 to 6 weeks
3 weeks
5 to 8 times a vear
Do.
X year
3 to 5
4 times a year
1
7 to 8 years. (?)
40 to ."SO years.
4 years
11 months or 1 y'r
Do.
Do.
1
Do.
3 years
9 months
I
15 10 IS years.
2 years
Do.
1 to 2
9 years.
Do.
1
2 years
8 months
Lives 16 years.
l-J year
Do.
1 to 2
Lives 25 or 30 vears.
Do.
5 months
Do.
Lives 12 or 15 veais.
1 year
Do.
Do.
Lives 15 or 20 years.
Do.
Do.
1, 2, and 3
Lives 18 or 20 years.
Do.
Do.
Do.
7 years.
U vear
Do.
1 to 2
8 or 10 years.
1 year
Do.
Do.
8 years.
2i years
900 days
1 to 2
25 or 30 years.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
9 months or ] year
4 months
10 to oo
15 years.
1() years (?)
9 to 11 nionths
1 or 2
Lives 70 years, (?)
5 years (?)
1 or 2 (?)
1
Lives 60 years. (?)
9 months
REPRODUCTION MERISMATIQUE, see
Generation.
RKPl'LSORIUM. Piineh,
llEPUKOA'TIO, Aiincnihctr'sh, from re, and
loiinjnrc. 'to cleanse.' Aecordins to Cnstelli —
pnrjiiition l>y transpiration or b.T expeetorntion.
iledieine.s producing this effect are called Repur-
gaii'lio.
RKQUTFS. Acincsia.
KEQUIETIO, Afinesia.
RES CONTRA-NATU'RAM. 'Things n.srninst
nature,' (F.) Chosen contre-nature, are those tiling's
which tend to destroy man; — as disease, and
every thing connected with it.
Rks Culinauia, Culinary art — r. Medica, Me-
dieina.
Rrs Natitka'lks, (F.) Chnses nntureUen. Those
things, which, by their union, were conceived to
constitute the nature of man ; such as the ele-
ments, temperaments, humours, spirits, <fcc.
r£sea u
96
RESriRATION
Res NON Natura'i,E«, (F.) Choses non-uatu-
relles. Those things which, nnciently, formed
the matter of hygiene. See Non-naturals.
Rks Venkuea, Coition— r. Vesliaria, Vestitus.
ROSEAU, Rete, Reticulum — r. Admimble,
Rete mirabile — r. Intennedlarc, see Corpus spon-
giosum urethras — r. Merveilleux, Rete mirabile.
RESEGTIO, Resection — r. Articulorum, see
Resection.
RESECTION, Resec'tio, from resecare, reaec-
titm, {re, and secare,) ' to cut off.' A name, given,
especially by the French surgeons, to operations
ill which the carious extremities of long bones, or
the unconsolidated extremities of fractured bones
forming irregular joints, are removed with the saw.
— Reitectio articiilo'nmi, Decapita'tio articulo' rum.
RESECTION, see Amputation.
RESEDA CRISPATA— r. Luteola— r. Lanceo-
Inta — r. Luteola.
Resb'da Lute'ola,/?. lanceola'ta seu crispa'ta,
Liile'ola. Weld, Dyer's Weed. A European plant
naturalized in the United States, which was at
one time used as a diaphoretic and diuretic.
RESERANS, Aperient,
RESERVE AIR, see Respiration.
RESERVOIR DE LA BILE, Gall-bladder
— r. da Chyle, Receptaculum chyli — r. des Lur-
iiies, Lachrymal sac — r. of Pecquet, Receptaculum
cliyli — r. de Pec(ji(et, Receptaculum chyli — r. of
the Thymus, see Thymus.
RESIDENTIA, Sediment.
RESIDUAL AIR, see Respiration.
RESIMUS, Camus.
RESIN, Resi'ua, Rheti'ne, (F.) Resiiie. A ve-
getable product, commonly dry and concrete,
more or less brittle, inodorous or slightly odorous,
insipid, or of an acrid warm taste; of a smooth,
glassy fracture, heavier than water, inflammable,
insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, ether, and
yolk of egg, and negatively electriCable by fric-
tion. Many resins are used in medicine; the
greater part are purgative and irritating. Some
act like acrid poisons.
Rksi.v, AcARoin, see Xanthorrhcea — r. Botany
Bay, see Xanthorrhcea — r. Cayenne, Caoutchouc
— r. of New Holland, see Xanthorrhcea — r. of
the Spruce fir, see Pinus abies — r. of Xanthor-
rhcea, see Xanthorrhcea.
RESINA, Resin — r. Ahietis, see Pinus abies,
Pinus picea — r. Abietis humida, see Pinus abies
— r. Abietis sicca, see Pinus abies — r. Acaroides,
see Xanthorrhcea — r. Alba, see Pinus sylvestris —
r. Alba humida, see Pinus Abies — r. Cayennensis,
Caoutchouc — r. Copal, Copal — r. Elastica, Caout-
chouc— r. Flava, see Pinus sylvestris — r. Fluida
Canadensis, see Pinus balsamea — r. Jalapae, Ex-
traclum jalapae resinosum — r. Juniperi, Sandarac
— r. Laricis, see Pinus larix — r. Lentiscina, see
Pistachia lentiscus — r. Liquida pini balsameas,
see Pinus balsamea — r. Liquida pini laricis, see
Pinus larix — r. Lutea Novi Belgii, see Xanthor-
rhcea— r. Nigra, Colophonia — r. Pini, see Pinus
sylvestris — r. Pini empyreumatica liquida, see
Pinus sylvestris — r. Pini abietis sponte concreta,
see Pinus abies — r. Strobiiina, see Pinus balsamea,
and Piiius mughos — r. Terebinthi, see Pistacia
torebinthus.
RESINA'TUM, Rhetino'ton. An epithet for
wine impregnated with resin, and used by the
ancients as a stomachic.
RESINE, Resin — r. de Cayenne, Caoutchouc
— r. Elastique, Caoutchouc — r. de Gaiac, see
Guaiacum — r. Gonmrt, see Bursera gummifera —
r. de Lierre, see Hedera heli.\.
RESINOCE'RUM, Rlielinoce'ron, from nnrLvr,,
'resin,' and f»;/)Of, ' wax.' A mixture of resi.Lai.d
wax. — Galen.
RESINOSA, in Pharmacy, resinous substances.
RESOLVTIFS, Discuticuts.
RESOLUTIO, Resolution — r. Mcmbroruni, Pa-
ralysis.
Resohitio MoiiBi. The resolution or disap-
pearance of a disease ; especially when without
any critical evacuation.
Resolutio et Diabrosis Ventriculi, Gastro-
malacia — r. Nervorum, Paralysis — r. ^'ent^ieul^
autopeptica, Gastromalacia — r. Viriuui, Dialysis.
RESOLU'TION, Rtnolu'tio, DhcusUio, from
resolvere, {re and salicre, suliilioii, ' to loosen.')
Removal or disappearance, as of a disease. Re-
solution is one of the terminations of inflamuia-
tion, in which the inflamed part returns gra-
dually, and without suppuration, to the healthy
condition.
RE SOL VTION DES ME31BRES, Paralysis,
RESOLVENTIA, Discutients.
RES'ONANCE, (F.) Reteulissement, Rhon-
nance, Resonnenient, from re, 'again,' and sono,
'I sound.' 'A return of sound.' A resounding;
a reverberation of sounds. A thrilling of the
voice more loud than natural ; or its existence in
a part where it is not heard in health, — as de-
tected by auscultation. A thickened and hard-
ened state of the lungs, caused either by a mass
of crude tubercles, or by inflammation, is gene-
rally considered to produce this phenomenon, by
rendering the lung a better conductor of the
murmur of the voice in the bronchi. Hence the
origin of the term Bronchoph'ony, from ji^oyxoi,
'bronchus,' and ij>uivti, 'the voice;' (F.; Voix
hriDichiqtie, Vuijc tubfiire, V. botirdonminte.
Resonance is also used in the sense of resound-
ing; as when the chest is said to he resonant on
percussion.
Resonance, Vesic'hi.o-Tympanit'ic, see Vesi-
culo tvmpaiiitic — r. Vibrations of, see Sound.
RESONITUS, Contra-fissura.
RES'ONANT, Res'onane, Reo'onus, (F.) Re-
tentlnnoiit, Rexonnant. Resounding. See Reso-
nance.
R^SONNANCE, Resonance.
RES0iWNE3IENT, Resonance.
RESORBENS, Absorbent.
RESORPTIO, Absorption, Resorption —r. Cu-
tanea, see Absorption — r. Cutis, see Absorption.
RESORP'TION, Reaorp'tio, from resorlerc, re-
eorptttm, {re, 'again,' and sorbere,) 'to absorb
again.' Absorption of a fluid which has been
previously deposited in a part by the exhalants,
as of pus, blood, serum, Ac.
R E S ' P I R A B L E, Rexph-ah'Uia. Same ety-
mon as Respiration. Capable of being breathed.
Adapted for respiration.
RESPIRAMEN, Respiration.
RESPIRAMENTUM, Respiration.
RESPIRATEUR, Respirator, Respiratory.
RESPIRATIO, Respiration — r. Abolita, Ap-
noea — r. Brevis, Dyspnoea — r. Diflicilis, Dyspncea
— r. Stertens, Stertor — r. Stertuosa, Stertor.
RESPIRA'TION, Rexpira'tio, Anap'noi, from
renpiro, {re, and uplro,) ' I take breath.' Anap-
neu'ein, Pneu'sis npiru'tio, Renpira'men, Reapira-
menlnm, Renp)ra'tus, Reapir'itus, Spir'iluii. A
function proper to animals, the object of which
is, to place the materials of the blood — the mix-
ture of the venous blood with lymph and chyle —
in contact with atmospheric air, in order that it
may acquire the vivifying qualities which belong
to arterial blood. The organs for executing this
function are, in the mammalia, birds, and rep-
tiles, the lunijH. In man, the respiration consists
of mechanical and chymical phenomena. The
mechanical are Inapxration and Eupi ration. Tho
evident chymical phenomena consist in the form-
ation of a certain (|uaiitit3' of carbonic acid, the
absorption of a part of the oxygen of the air, and
RESPTRATIOy BROXCniQUE 79 7
RETENTIO
the disengagement of a quantity of water in the
state of vapour. In the healthy condition the
respiration is easy, gentle, regular, and without
noise. In man, the respirations are generally
about 35 per minute in the first year of life; 25
during the second; 20 at puberty ; and 18 in the
adult age.
The air of respiration has been divided into
fimt, the reHidurif air, or that which cannot be ex-
pelled from the lungs, but remains after a full and
forcible expiration, estimated at 120 cubic inches:
gecotidli/, the Hiipplcmctitnri/ or rcserne air or that
which can be expelled by a forcible expiration,
after an ordinary outbreathing, valued at 1.30 cu-
bic inches : thinlhj, the breath, tidal or breathing
air, valued at 26 cubic inches: a.i\A fourthly, the
cnviplemeiitari/ or complemental air, or that which
ran be inhaled after an ordinary inspiration, which
amounts to 100 cubic inches. This estimate gives
250 cubic inches as the average volume of air
which the chest contains after an ordinary expi-
ration.
RESPrilATION DRONCHIQUE, see Mur-
mur, respiratory.
Resimration, Buoncho-Vesic'ular. A mor-
bid modification of the respiratory murmur,
having more or less of the characters of thebron-
thial and the vesicular respiration combined. It
denotes incomplete solidification of the lung, as
from the presence of tubercle. — Flint.
Eespikation of thk Cells, Murmur, respira-
tory— r. Cogged-wheel, Respiration, jerking — r.
Entrecoiipee, Respiration, jerking — r. Exaijeree,
see Puerile — r. Hi/pervenicidaire, see Puerile.
Resi'ihation, Jerking, Cof/ged-wheel, or Wavij
reipirtitioit, (F.) II. Saccadee ou Entrecoiipee.
When the murmur of inspiration, in place of being
continuous, is interrupted as by starts, it is called
'jerking.' It is a concomitant of incipient pleu-
risy, pleurodynia, spasmodic asthma, and tuber-
culosis of the lung with corresponding pleuritic
adhesion. — Walshe.
RESPIRATION, LUCTUEUSE, see Lnctu-
enx — r. Metallic, Tiiitement mitalliqne — r. Nidle,
see Murmur, respiratory.
Respiration Proof, Docimasia pulmonum.
RESPIRATION, PUERILE, ^ee Puerile —
r. Rupeiise, see Murmur, respiratory — r. Rude,
see Murmur, respiratory — r. Sileneieiise, see Mur-
mur, respiratory — r. Saceadee, R. jerking — r.
Soiifflaiite, Murmur, respiratory — )■. Siipplemen-
titire, see Puerile — r. Tubal, see Murmur, respira-
tory— r. Wavy, Respiration, jerking.
RESPIRA TOIRE, Respiratory.
RESPIRA'TOR, (F.) Rixpirateur. Same ety-
mon. Various instruments, under this name,
have been devised for the purpose of tempering
the air before it reaches the lungs in winter.
One of the best is that of Jeffrey, which is made
of several layers of fine wire tissue.
RESPIRATORIUM VENTRIS, Diaphragm.
RESPIRATORIUS, Respiratory.
RES'PIRATORY, Rcupl rata' rim, (F.) Respi-
rnteiir, liespiratoire. Appertaining to respira-
tion. An epithet applied to the Hn/c»ii(r heard by
auscultation in a healthy adult, during inspira-
tion and expiration. It marks the entrance of
the air into the cells, and its passage out of them.
See Murmur.
Respiratory, External, Nerve, see Thoracic
nerves.
Respiratory Ganglia, see Encephalon.
Respiratory, Internal. Nerves, Diaphrag-
matic Nerves — r. Nerve of the face. Facial Nerve
— r. Superior, nerve. Spinal Nerve.
Respiratory Tract, Tracing renpiralo'riun.
The middle column of the spinal marrow, de-
scribed by Sir Charles Bell as that whence the
respiratory nerves originate. See Nerves.
RESPIRATUS, Respiration.
RESPIRITUS, Respiration.
RESSERRE, { VENTRE,) Constipation.
RESTA BOVIS, Ononis spinosa.
RESTAGNATIO, Eructation.
RESTA URANS, Analeptic, Corroborant.
RESTAURA'TIO, Refec'tio, Refec'tii8, Ana-
lep'nia, Anatrep'nis, Avacoiii'ide, Anulte'ais, Anac-
te'nis, Apocatas'timia. Restoration of strength,
after disease or great fatigue; Epaiiortho'xis, Re-
crea'tio, Redintegra'tio, Reslaiira'iio viriuni. Re-
turn of the organs to their normal condition.
Recov'eri/, Reciipera'tion, Repara'tion.
Restauratio Virium, see Restauratio.
REST HARROW, Ononis spinosa.
RESTIFORM'IS, from restis, 'arope,' and/or-
ma, ' shape.' Shaped like arope, as the ' Corpora
resfifoniiia.'
Rkstipormis Processus, Coracoid.
RESTITUTIO, Reduction— r. Organica.Morio-
plastice — r. Partium deperditarum, Morioplastice.
RESTLESSNESS, Agitation.
RESTORATION. Restauratio.
RESTORATIVE, Analeptic, Corroborant.
RESTRICTIO INTESTINI RECTI seu ANI,
Stricture of the rectum.
RESUMPTI'VUS, Resumpto'rivfi ; from re,
' again,' and siimere, snmptnm, ' to take.' Causing
to resume. Resumpti'vum. Any agent calculated
to restore flesh and strength to one who has been
reduced.
RESUMPTORIUS, Resumptivus.
RESURRECTION-MAN, Resurrectionist.
R E S URR E C'T I 0 N I S T, Resurrection-man,
Body snatcher : from re, and enrgere, surrectuni,
'to arise.' An individual who violates the sanc-
tuary of the grave to obtain subjects for dissec-
tion.
RESUSCITA'TION, Reanacitu'tio, from reavs-
cita're, {re, and auacitare, sureiim citare sou ciere,)
'to move up,' 'to stir up anew.' Revivijica'tion.
The restoration of persons, apparently dead, to
life. See Asphyxia and Suffocation.
RETCHING, Vomiturition.
RETE, Plexus — r. Malpighii, Corpus muco-
suni.
Rrtij:, 'a net;' (Retic'idum, 'a small net,')
Dict'yin, (F.) Reaeaii. A name given to the in-
terlacing and decussation of blood-vessels, lym-
phatics, fibres, and nerves when they form a kind
of network.
Rete has also been applied to the epiploon. —
Castelli.
RktF, Majus, Epiploon, gastro-colie.
Rete JIirau'ii.e, (F.) Rcxi-aii admirable, R.
merreilleii.c. A nauie given to the ramifications
and anastomoses of the internal carotid and ver-
tebral arteries iit the base of the brain.
R kte Mirabii.e seu Rete Vasculo'sum Mal-
pig'hii is the plexus formed on the cells of the
lungs by the minute ramifications of the pulmo-
nary artery.
Rete Mpcosum, Corpus mucosum.
Rete Testls, Rtte Vii«culo'aum Teetia seu
Halteri. An irregular plexus or network, formed
l)y the communication of the Vaaa recta, Tii'bidi
seu Diic'tuli recti, at the upper and back part of
the testicle. These Vasa recta are sent out at
the back part of the testicle, from the convoluted
seminal tubes. The Rete Vasculosum testis sends
out from twelve to eighteen straight tubes, called
Vaan effercntia, which convej' tile semen from
the testes to the epididymus.
RETENTIO, Retention — r. Aerea, Dyspnoea
— r. Alvina, Consti[>ation — r. Bills, Isehocholia.
Retentio Fn'xts ILemorriioidalis. Sup-
pression of the hseinorrhoidal flux.
Retentio Fceti'S, Dystocia — r. Lactis, Ischoga-
lactia — r. Lochiorum, Ischiolochia — r. Meusiuin,
RETENTION
798
RETROrilARYNGEAL
see Amenorrhoea — r. Spertnatis, Ischospermia —
r. Sudoris, Hydroschesis.
IIETEN'TION, Jieten'tio, Apolcp'sia, Apolep'-
sin, from retiiiere, reteutnm, [re, and tcuere,) ' to
hold back.' Accumulation of a solid or liquid
substance, in canals intended for its excretion, or
in a reservoir, intended to contain it for a short
period.
RetentioK of Urine ; Parv'ria Retentio'nis
venicd'tis, Iichu'n'a vesica'lls, Reteutio Uri'na,
(F.) Retention d' urine. A disease in which the
urine accumulated in the bladder cannot be evac-
uated ; or, at least, cannot be passed without
extreme difficulty. In the former case, the re-
tention is said to be complete ; in the latter, in-
complete. Jlany writers have distinguished three
degrees of this affection, to which they have given
the names Dyxury, Strangury, and hcliary. Re-
tention of urine may depend upon loss of con-
tractility, paralyisis of the bladder, Ac, or on
some obstacle to the passing of the urine, as in
cases of pressure of the womb on the bladder, of
tumours in its vicinity, foreign bodies in its cavity,
inflammation of the urethra, swelling of the pros
tate, stricture, &c. The pain is extremely violent,
and the bladder may be found distended above
the i)uhis. The treatment consists in introducing
the catheter, or puncturing the bladder, and in
combating the cause, which has j)roduced the re-
tention, b3' particular means adapted to each case.
RETENTISSANT, Resonant.
RETEXTISSEMENT, Resonance — r. Auto-
phtmiqne, see Autophoiiia.
RETfA UTERI, see Uterus.
RETICULAR, Re'ti/orm, Reliculn'rin, Ret'-
iniii, Aiiiphiblestroi'des, DyctoVdes, Retifor'mis,
from rete, (diminutive retivnlnm,) 'a net.' That
which reseml)les a net. An epithet applied to
many structures in the body.
Retioulau Body, Corpus mucosura — r. Sub-
stance. Cellular tissue.
RETICULARIA OFFICINALIS, Lichen pul-
monarius.
RETICULUM: diminutive of rete, 'a net'
The Bonnet or Honeycoinh ha;/ or utomitch, (Sc.)
Kinijtihooil, (F.) lioniiet, Reneau — the second sto-
mach of the ruminant animal. See also. Epiploon,
and Rete.
RETicuLrjj CuTANRUM, Rete mucosura — r.
JIncn-iuin. Rete mucosutn.
RETIFORM, Reticular.
RET'INA, from rete, 'a net;' Tn'nicn ret'ina
seu reticniii'ris seu retifor'mis seu in'tinia sou
)ier'vea oi:'nli, Inrnlu'crnm reti compnra'tiim, Ver-
ri<;nlii'riii nienibra'na, Amphihlestro'x' des niemhrn-
iin, (F.) Ri^tine. A soft, pulpy, grayish, semi-
transparent, very thin membrane; extending
from the optic nerve to the crystalline, embracing
the vitreous humour, and lining the choroid ;
without, however, adhering to either of those
parts. It terminates by a defined edge — niaryo
dentil' tni — at the posterior extremities of the
ciliary processes. It is constituted, according to
most anatomists, by the expansion of the optic
nerve. The retina appears to be formed of seve-
ral laminiB ; so joined together, that it is difD-
cult to discriminate them. The one — the inner-
most— is medullary, and pulpy; the other — the
outer — is stronger, and fibro-vascular. The retina
is the essential organ of vision ; on it the images
of objects are impressed. Both it and the optic
nerve are devoid of general sensibility. They
may be punctured or lacerated without pain being
experienced. The nerve of general sensibility
distriiiuted to the eye is the fifth pair.
RETINACULA, see Retinaculum — r. Mor-
gagnii, see Fraena of fhe valve of Bauhin.
RETINACULUM, from retinere, {re, and te-
vere,) ' to hold back.' A surgical instrument,
formerly used in the operation of castration ; and
in that of hernia, to prevent the intestines from
falling into the scrotum. — Scultet. Reiinacuhi
are also band-like extensions of a cellulo-niem-
branous structure, which seem to su.^pcnd tlio
ovum in the Follicle of I)e Graaf. They appear
to correspond to the chalazae of the egg of the
bird.
Retinaculum, Bride.
Retinac'ulum Ten'dinum PEnoNEo'itUM, Va-
fji'na iiialleola'ri>< extern'a. The ligamentous
sheaths that retain in situ at the outer ankle the
tendons of the peroneal muscles.
RET'INAL, Retlna'lin. Relating or apper-
taining to the retina.
RKTINE. Retina.
RETINI'TIS, Inflamnin'tio Ret'ina, Amphi-
hleetroidi'tin, Divlyi'liii, (F.) Retinite, from retina
and itis, a suffix denoting inflammation, — a term
of hybrid formation. Inflammation of the retina ;
an uncoinu)on affection, except as an accompani-
ment of other forms of ophthalmia.
RETINOIDE, see RhMnolL
RETINOLE, see Rhiiinoli.
RETINOS'COPY, RHinoxcop'ia, from retina,
and (T/forfoj, ' I view.' Examination of the retina.
RETINUS, Reticular.
RETORT', Retor'tn, Botia, Cornn, Cornn'ta,
Cornes'ta, Cornnnnin<),{F.) Cornne, from retorqiieo,
{re, and torqueo, tortnm,) '1 bend back.' A ves-
sel, commonly of glass or earthenware, employed
in distillation. It ma}' be plain, or have a tnhn-
litre for admitting substances whilst the distilla-
tion is going on. In the latter case, it is said to
be tii'linlated, (F. ) Cornue tiihulee.
RETRACTION, Retrac'tio, from retrahere,
{re, and traliere, traetum,) ' to draw back.' State
of a part, when drawn towards the centre of the
body or backwards; — as retraction of the tes-
ticles. Sometimes it is used synonymously with
shortening or drawing np ; as in retraction of the
thigh.
RETRACTION BE LA MATRICE, Rctro-
versio uteri.
RETRACTOR ANGULI ORIS, Buccinator.
RET'RAHENS AURIS, Poste'rionw Trieepa
Auris, Tricauda'lis, Retraliens Anric'idas seu
Auricidam, Secnn'dns j>roprio'rum Auric'ida, Bi-
canda'lis, Dep'rimens Anric'nlcB, Proprina Anris
externoB, (F.) Ifasto'ido-eonchinien, llastoido-ori-
cnlnire (Ch.), Aiiricnlnirc pnst^rieur. It consists
of one or more small fasciculi or fleshy, thin,
somewhat irregular fibres, situated behind the
ear. These are attached to the mastoid process,
and pass horizontally forwards, to terminate at
the convexity formed by the concha of the ear.
If this muscle had any use, it would carry the
ear backwards.
RETRAIT YEN TRICVL AIRE, Heart, hy-
pertrophy of the.
RETRECISSEMENT, Arctatio, Stricture— r.
de VUretlire, Urethrostenosis.
RETRIMENTA VESICE, Urine.
RETRIMENTUM, Excrement
RETROCES'SION, Retroces'sio. Rctroces'snt,
Retrogres'tms, from retrocedere, retrocessuni, {re-
tro, ' backwards,' and ccdere, ' to give place.')
The act of going back. A disappearance or me-
tastasis of a tumour, eruption, &c., from the
outer part of the body to the inner.
RETROCESSUS, Retrocession.
RETROFLEXIO UTERI, see Retroversio
uteri.
RETROORESSUS, Retrocession.
RETROPHARYNGE'AL, Retropharynge'm,
from retro, ' backwards,' and pliarynx, ' the jilin-
rynx. Relating to parts behind the pharynx,—
Rl^TROrULSlON
■99
R II A G E
a? 'retrnphiti-yu(je<d abscess,' — an abscess behind
the pharynx.
RETllOPULSIONDE LA MATRICE, Re-
troversio uteri
\KVjl\\0-\}'T^Km'E,Retro-utf.ri'nm, (F.) Ri-
tru-iiteiin, from retro, and utcnm. Behind the
uterus, as retro-uterine ubscemi, (F.) Abcta ritro-
vterin ; — sin abscess seateil behind tlie uterus.
KETUOVACCINA'TION, from retro, ' back-
wards,'and riicviiiatiun. Vaccination with matter
obtained from the cow, after inoculating the ani-
mal with vaccine matter from the human subject.
RKTROVER'SIO U'TERI, [retr,,, 'back-
wards,' and vertcre, verHuin, ' to turn.') Retrover-
Hi'iiit of llic Utcnm, ^dopto'iiis Uteri retrover'sa,
AixijiikV iHiH seu Andpodiu'mna Uteri, (F.) Retro-
versiou, Retraction, Obliqiiite ou Retroptihion
lie l(t Miitrlce. A change in the position of the
uterus, so that the fundus of the organ is turned
towards the ccmcavity of the sacrum, whilst the
neck is directed towards the symphysis pubis.
Tills displacement is commonly attended with
ccinstipalion, tenesmus, and retention of urine.
Its usual period of occurrence is between the
third and fourth months of pregnancy; before
tlio uterus has escaped above the superior aper-
ture of the pelvis. In the treatment, the cathe-
ter nmst be regularly used twice a day, until the
uterus, by its growth, rises above the pelvis.
The catheter should be small, flat, and curved
considerably more than common, in consequence
of the distorted course of the urethra. The
bowels must be kept open; and absolute rest, in
II recumbent posture, bo enjoined. Should it be
impracticable to draw off the urine, attempts
iiuist be made to replace the uterus. The woman
being on her hands and knees, the fore and
niiildle fingers of the accoucheur's left hand are
to be passed up the reetum to the fundus uteri ;
Avhich they must elevate, whilst the cervix uteri
is carefully depressed by two fingers of the right
hand in the vagina. Should the fingers em-
jiloyed to elevate the fundus not be long enough
to effect this object, a piece of whalebone may be
substituted, having a small piece of sponge at-
tached to one extremity as a pad.
A simple inclination, or bending of the uterus,
biU'kwards, is termed Retrojlex'ion of the U'teriis,
Rclroflex'io U'teri : not unfrequently, however,
this is used synonymously with Retroversion of
the Uterus.
RETROVERSION DE LA MATRICE, Re-
troversio uteri.
IIEUNIO, Synthesis — r. Partium separalarum,
see Synthesis — r. per Primam intentionem, see
Intention — r. per Secundara intentionem, see In-
tention— r. Vasorum, Anastomosis.
REUNION PRIMITIVE, see Intention — r.
Seeiiiiilaire, see Intention.
REVACCINATION, see Vaccina.
REVALENTA ARABICA, see Ervum.
REVASSERIE, Incoherence; see Somnium.
REVE, Somnium.
RE VEIL, see Sleep — r. en Sursatit, see Sleep.
REVELLENT, Derivative.
REVERIE, Aphelxia.
R EVERY, Aphelxia.
K EVIVIFIC ATION, Resuscitation,
RE VULSIF, Derivative.
REVUI/SION, lieriil'vio, from re, and vellere,
rnl.iiim, 'to pluck;' Autin'pasis. The act of
turning the principle of a disease from the organ
in which it seems to have taken its seat. Rube-
facients, vesicatories, bleeding in the foot, <tc.,
are often used for this purpose. See Derivation.
BE\'UI,SIVE, Derivative — r. Bleeding, see
Bloodletting.
REVULSORTUS, Derivative,'
REX AMARORUM, Soulamen amara— r. Me-
tallorum, Aurura.
REYNOLDS'S SPECIFIC,see Vinum colchici,
REZZLE. Wheeze.
RHA, Rheum.
RIIABARBARUM, Rheum— r. Album, Con-
volvulus mechoacan — r, Antiquorum, Rlieum
Rhaponticum — r. Dioscoridis, Rheum Rhaponti-
cura — r, Monachorum, Rumex patientia — r. Ni-
grum, Convolvulus jalapa — r. Pauperum, Thalic-
tron — r. Sibericum, Rheum — r.Tartaricum, Rheum
— r. Turcicum, Rheum,
RHABARBE, Rheum—)-, nianche, Convol-
vulus mechoacan — r. Fuiisee, Thalictron- — r. ilea
hides, Convolvulus mechoacan — r. dee Moines,
Rumex Alpinus — r. Soiivaije, Rumex patientia.
RHABDOIDES (SUTURA), Sagittal suture.
RIIA BIL L EUR, Renoner.
RHAClIETiE, Rachita).
RHACIIETRUM, Medulla spinalis.
RIIACHI^I, Rhachitae.
RIIACIIIAGHA, Rachisagra.
RIIACIIIALGIA, Rachialgia, Rhachiodynia,
Spinal irritatiim.
RnACIIIALGITIS, Spinal irritation, Mvelitis.
RIIACIIIDAGRA, Rachisagra, Rachialgia,
Rhachiodvnia.
RIIACillOCYPIIOSTS, Gibbositas,
RIIACIIIODYN'IA, from 'p«X'S' 't^e verte-
bral column,' and o&vvt), 'pain;' Rhaeliial'gia.
Pain in the vertebral column.
RIIA Oil lOMYELITIS, Myelitis.
RIIACIIIOPLEGIA, Paraplegia.
RIIACIIIOSCOLIOMA, Scoliosis.
RIIACIIIOSCOLIOSIS, Scoliosis.
RIIACIIIOSTROPIIO'SIS, from 'payi^, 'the
vertebral column,' and arfnipu), ' I turn ;' Contnr-
tio coliim'na>, vertehra'lis. Deviation of the ver-
tebral column.
RHACIIIOT'OMIIS, Rhachiot'omnm, from
'paxii, ' the vertebral column,' and TOfiri, 'incision.'
An instrument for opening the vertebral column.
RHACIIIPA'GIA, Rnchipn'f/ia, from 'paxa,
'the spine,' and irayta, 'I fasten.' A monstrous
union of two foetuses, in which they are connected
at the spine.
RIIACIIIPARALYSIS, Paraplegia.
RIIACHIPHYMA, Rachiphyma.
RIIACIIIRRHEUMA, Lumliago!
RHACIIIS, Vertebral column — r. Nasi, see
Nasus.
RIIACIIISAGRA, Rachisagra.
RIIACIII'TiE, from 'pax'rris, appertaining or
relating to 'fax'S, 'the vertebral ccjluinn ;' Rhn-
chia'i, Ritchi'ttB, Rhrtche'tce, or Rachice'i. The
muscles of the spine.
RIIACIIITES. Medulla spinalis.
RIIACHTTICUS, Rachiticus,
RIIACHITIS, Rachitis — r. Adultorum, Molli-
ties ossiuin — r. .'Spinalis, Rachisagra.
RIIACniTISMUS, Rachitis.
BHACIIOSIS, Rachosis.
RIIACIIUS, Rhncnn, Rhngvs, from 'pnyia, or
'priyvvfn, 'to break.' A wrinkle. A laceration
of the skin. A lacerated ulcer — ulcus luc"eruni.
RHACrS, Rhachus. Wrinkle.
RHiEBOCRANIA, Torticollis.
RIIAG'ADES, 'piiyaScf, Rhnrja'dia, from ' pnyio
or 'pt^yi'Vfii, 'to break or rend;' Scissu'rcp, FIssk'-
ro", Fim<y. Ruptures, chaps, or narrow and long
ulcers, which fortn near the origin of mucous
membranes, especially around the anus, ami
which are generally owing to the syphilitic virus.
Rhagadrs, see Fissure.
RIIAGE, R(ti/e,'puyTi. Same et3'mon. A suf-
fix denoting violent rupture or discharge, as in
IIemor)7/07'', Menor)7in(/ia, <tc.
Rii.\GB, Fissure.
RHAGES
800
RHEUMATISM
RTTAGES. Uvae passae.
RlIAftlCUS, Rhagoides.
RHAGODEITIS, Uveitis.
RlIAGOi'DES, lihago'den, Rhagoideus, Bhn'-
giciiH, from 'pa|, 'payos, 'a berry,' 'a grape.'
Grape-like ; as Tunica Rhatjoidea : the uvea.
Also, the choroid coat of the eye.
RIIAGUS, Rhachus, Wrinkle.
RHAxMNI BACCiE, see Rhamnus— r. Succus,
see Rhamnus.
RHAMNUS, 'pafivoi, R. cathar'tt'cus, Spina
cervi'iia seu domea'tica seu infecto'ria, Rhamnus
soluti'vtis, Cervinpi'na, Buckthorn, Purging buck-
thorn, (F.) Nerprun purgatif, Bourgiiepine,
Epine de cerf. Family, Rhamnaceae. Scr. Syst.
Pentandria Monogynia. The berries — Rhamni
BacccR — have a faint and disagreeable odour; and
bitterish, nauseous taste. Tiieir juice — Rhamni
Succus — is cathartic, and apt to excite griping,
which must be obviated by the use of diluents.
Rhamnus Alater'nus, R. Hispan'icus, Alater'-
nus latifu'lius, Common aluternus, (F.) Alaterne.
The leaves have been used as detergents and as-
tringents, in the form of gargle especially.
Rhamnus FrAN'gula, Black Alder, Franguln
Alnus, Alnus Nigra, (F.) Aune voir, Bouriane,
Bourgene. All the parts of this tree, as well as
of the common alder, are astringent and bitter.
The bark is most so. The inner, yellow bark of
the trunk or root acts as a cathartic. It has also
been employed as an anthelmintic.
Rhamnus Hispanicus, R. alaternus — r. Jujuba,
see Jujube — r. Lotus, see Jujube — r. Ziziphus, see
Jujube.
RIIANTER, Canthus, (greater.)
RIIAPHANEDON, Raphanedon.
RHAPHANIA, Raphaiiia.
RHAPIIANIS, Raphanus hortensis.
RHAPHANUS, Raphanus hortensis.
RIIAPHE, Raphe. Suture.
RIIAPHOSYMPH'YSIS, from pa<pv, 'suture,'
and avu^ivais, 'union.' Union by suture, — as of
the bones of the cranium.
RHAPIIYS, Raphanus hortensis.
RHAPONTICUM, Rheum Rhaponticum — r.
Vulgare, Centaurea centaurium.
RHAPOWrrqUE. Rheum rhaponticum.
RHAPS, Raphanus hortensis.
RHAPYS. Raphanus hortensis.
RHATANIA, Krameria ratanhia.
RHAX, see Vitis vinifera.
RHEGE, Cramp, Contusion, Laceration.
RHEGMA, Cramp, Contusion, Laceration,
Rhexis — r. Ligamentare, Apospasma.
RHEGMUS, Cramp, Contusion, Laceration.
RHEMBASMUS, Somnambulism.
RHEMBE, Rhemhus, 'a wandering about,'
from 'peii(3uv, ' to wander about.' Irregularity in
the return of febrile paroxysms.
RHEMBUS, Rhembe.
RHENCIIUS. Rattle. Snoring.
RHENXIS, Rattle, Snoring.
RHEON. Rheum.
RHETINE, Resin.
RIIETINOCERON, Resinatum.
RHETTNOLE. A name given by M. Beral
to a medicine, which results from the union of a
resiQ with other medicinal substances. The
Rhetinoles of Beral differ from the Rhetinoides
in containing but one resin, whilst in the latter
there are several.
RHETrNOlDES, see RhftlnoU.
RHETINOTON, Resinatum.
RHEUM, (pronounced room,) Rheu'ma, pcvfia,
(F.) Rhitme ; from 'pcta, 'to flow.' Any thin
watery discharge from mucous membranes or
skin ; as the thin discharge from the air passages
arising from cold.
RHBCsr, Salt. A popular name in the United
States, like 'tetter,' for various cutaneous affec-
tions of the eczomatous and herpetic forms iiioro
especially. It is at times applied to a kind of
chronic psoriasis; and likewise to cutaneous af-
fections in those who immerse the hands in me-
tallic or acid solutions. Web.ster defines it "a
vague and indefinite popular name, a|>plie(l to
almost all the non-febrile cutaneous crujilions
which are common among adults, except ring-
worm and itch "
Rhk'um, Rhahar'harnm, Rheon, Rha, Rhwum,
Lap'alhnm oricnla'te seu Chinen'se, Rhahar'ha-
rum ve'runi seu Tartar'icum seu Siber'irum seu
Tur'cicum, Rhubarb, (F.) Rhabarbe, RInibarbe,
From Rha, now called Wolga, a river in Russia
from which it was first brought. Ord. Poly-
gonaeeas. Scr. Sysf. Ennoandria Trigynia. The
root — Rheum — is the part used in medicine. Its
odour is aromatic, peculiar, and rather nauseous;
taste, somewhat aromatic, subacrid, bitterish, and
astringent. It colours the saliva and the urine
yellow. It is easily pulverized, and forms a pow-
der of a bright buff-yellow colour. Both water
and spirit extract its virtues. Rhubarb root is
purgative, stomachic and astringent. [?] It is
chiefly used for the properties first mentioned.
Externally, the powder is sometimes sprinkled
over ulcers, to assist their granulation. l)ose, ^j
to ^^ss of the powder. In a smaller dose, it is
stomachic.
Numerous species of Rheum, Rh. palmaliim,
Rh. undulatum, and Rh. compuctum, have purga-
tive roots.
The rhubarbs most used in the United States
are the Chinese or India Rhubarb — Rheum Si-
nen'se seu In'dicum : the Russian, Turkey or Bu-
charian Rhubarb — Rheum Rus'sir.um seu Tur'ci'
cum ; and European Rhubarb.
Rhkum Compactum, Rheum — r. Indicura, see
Rheum — r. Palmatum, Rheum.
Rheum Rhapon'ticum, Rhapon'lic Rhubarb;
Rhapon'ticum, Rhabar'barum Dioscor'idis seu
Autiquo'rum, (F.) Rhapontique, Rhapontir, Ra-
pontic. The root of this seems to have been the
rhubarb of the ancients. It is more astringent
than that of the rheum palmatum, and less pur-
gative; for the latter purpose, two or three
drachms being required for a dose. French, Rlio-
pontic, or Krimea Rhubarb, is obtained from this
species, as well as from Rh. undulatum, and Rh.
compactitm.
RnKUM RtTSSicuM, see Rheum — r. Sinense, see
Rheum — r. Turcicum, see Rheum — r. Undulatum,
see Rheum.
RHEUMA, Catarrh, Diarrhoea, Rheum. Rheu-
matism. Also, inflammation of a fibrous tissue,
as in rheumatism and gout. — Fuchs.
Rhkuma Catarrhalk, Bronchitis, (chronic)
— r. Epidemicum, Bronchitis, chronic. Catarrh,
epidemic — r. Pectoris, Catarrh — r. Uteri, Leu-
corrhoea.
RHEUMAPYRA, Rheumatism, acute.
RHEUMARTIIRITIS, see Rheumatism, acute.
RIIEUMARTHROSIS, see Rheumatism, acute.
RIIEUMATALGIA, Rheumatism, chronic— r.
Arthritica, see Rheumatism, acute.
RIIEUMAT'IC, Rheumat'icus, Rhenmnlis'mal,
(F.) Rhumatismal, Rhumali'pie. Belonging to
rheumatism : as rheumatic fever. Also, api)lied to
one affected with rheumatism; (F.) Rhnmatisant.
RhRUMAt'iC Diath'kSIS, Diath'esis rheumal'-
ica. The special condition of the body that gives
occasion to rheumatism. It may exist without
presenting the usual phenomena in the joints;
whilst the heart may be seriously affected.
RHKUMA TICS, "Rheumatism.
RIIEU'MATISM, Calarrhm'a from 'ptviia,
'ptvftaToi, 'a defluxion, catarrh.' Dolor Rheumal •
RHEUMATISM
801
RUE UMAX OPHTHALMIA
teun et artlirit'icuH, (Hoffman,) Rheiimnto'sin jtfi/o-
to'tin, Rheumti, Miidilijn' id, (vulg.) Itheu'moliz,
Hheumnt'icH, (F.) liliuiiinlinme. A kind of shift-
ing plilf^^miisia or neuriil;;ia, sometimes seated in
the muscles, sometimes in the parts surrounding
the joints; and at others, within them. Hence
the names Muecnlnr, Articular, and Si/novi(tl,
which have been applied to it. The disease may
be nciile, or chniuic.
KuKiiMATisM OP THR Abdomen, CocHorrheuma.
RlIKTMATISM, AcUTU, Rheiimntin' riiu8 acn'Uis
ceu articiilii'nim ncn'tits seu wiiversu'lin febri'-
lit seu iiijlnnuiiuto'rint seu huperfthen'iciin, Ar-
thro'nia (tenia, Itheumntoji'yrn, Jiheiiiiiop'yra,
debris rheiinidt'ica iiijlannnato'riii, Syn'ocha
rheHiiiat' ica, 3/i/ono'ti8, Jlyi'tis, Catiiiin seu
Arthri'tin rheiiniiitiimns, Arthro-rheinnatin'muii,
Synovi'tifi rhenmiiliinna'UK, Hmmo - arthri'tis,
Jiheiimat' ic Fever, (F.) li/icitniotinine ai(jn, Rh.
articniaire niijii, Fiivre rhiiiiinliHiiinle, usually
comes on with the ordinary symptoms of fever;
poon after which, or simultaneously, or even be-
fore the appearance of febrile signs, excruciating
pains arc folt in difi'erent parts of the body, par-
ticularly in the larger joints, which are more or
less red and swollen ; the pain shifting from one
to the other, at times with great rapidity. The
disease rarely terminates in less than si.x weeks,
during the greater part of which period the febrile
symptoms remain severe; and what is peculiar to
the disease, the skin may be covered daily with
a profuse perspiration, although it feels e.\trcmely
hot, and the pulse appears in no way modified by
it. It is one of the essential symptoms of the
affection, and consequently affords no relief. The
only danger to be apprehended from acute rheu-
matism, notwithfitanding the apparent severity
of the symptoms, is the translation or extension
of the disease (metimtnt'ic rlien'mntium) to some
internal part, especially to the heart. This ten-
dency must always be borne in mind. Acute
rheumatism seldom terminates in chronic; they
who are liable to the former are rarely so to the
latter, and conversely. The disease will gene-
rally run its course in spite of treatment. The
usual antiphlogistic plan had better be pursued
during the first days of the disease. Blood-let-
ting may l)e employed, if the vigour of the pa-
tient and of the disease seem to require it; but,
although the blood is generally buffy, bleeding
does not usually seem to afford much relief. The
bowels must be kept open ; effervescent draughts
be administered, and opium be given in full doses
to allay pain. This is, generally, all that is ne-
cessary during the first week; after which, ad-
vantage will usually be oI)tained from the exhi-
bition of the sulphate of quinia with sulphuric
acid. It does not augment the excitement, and
will be found proper in almost all cases. Rheu-
matic inflammation is very different from other
varieties, and this may account for the anomaly.
After a few weeks, the disease usually goes off,
but leaves the patient veryliable to a recurrence
on slight exposures or errors of diet. At times,
acute rheumatism of the joints puts on the ap-
pearance of gout, and seems to be a complication
of the two affections. It is then called Gout;/ or
Arfhrit'ic rheuniatium or Rheumntic gout, Rheu-
matal'gia artlirit'icn, Rheumnrthro' sis, Rlieumar-
thri'ttH, Arthri'tis rheumnt'ica seu jureni'ltB.
RHEi'MATtSM OF TRK Arm, Brachiorrhcuma —
r. Arthritic, see Rlicumatism, acute — r. of the
Bladder, Cj'Storrheuma — r. of the Bowels, Ente-
rorrheuraa.
Rheumatism. Cap'sular, Rheumntin'mun cnp-
*u!(i'ri». Rheumatism seated in the lining mem-
brane of the joints and bursre of the tendons.
The parts most liable to its attacks are the feet
and hands, where it is generally easily recognised
51
by the enlargement of the joints; but the pecu-
liar characters of the disease are, perhaps, most
strikingly seen when it attacks the knee.
Rhki'MATISM of tuf, Chkst, Pleurodynia.
Rheumatism, CnnoNio, Arthro'nla chrou'icn,
Rheumatisnius chronicua seu noufebri'lin seu vul-
(/rt'ris seu invetera'tns seu hnbitua'lis seu frig"i-
dns, Rheumiitnl'gia, Rhumato/'gin, Rheum ntodyn'-
iii, Arthrodyn'ia, Arthritix nrtlirodyuia, (P.) Rhu-
viatisme chroniijue, Rhniualdhjif. \< Mttcndcd witil
pains in the hips, shoulders, kiieis, and other
large joints. These are at times confined to
one joint; at others, shift from one to another,
without occasioning inflammation, or fever. In
this manner, the complaint often continues for a
great length of time, and then goes off. There is
no danger attendant upon it; but the patient may
become lame, and is always liable to painful re-
currences. Neither variety generally terminates
in suppuration ; but effusion of coagulable lymph
is apt to occur, so as to occasion permanent
thickening of the parts. The great preventive
of chronic rheumatism, and one of the most valu-
able curative agents, is flannel, worn next the
skin. The whole class of rubefacients niay, also,
be used with advantage. The warm bath, espe-
cially the natur.al warm bath, the temperature of
which does not vary, is perhaps the most success-
ful remedy of all.
Rheitmatism of the Extremities, Acrorrheu-
ma — r. of the Face, Prosoporrheuma — r. Gouty,
see Rheumatism, acute — r. of the Heart, Cardior-
rheuma — r. Lead, see Lead rheumatism — r. of the
Leg, Seelorrheuma — r. of a Limb, Merorrheuma
— r. Local, Merorrheuma — r. of the Loins, Lum-
bago— r. Metastatic, see Rh. acute — r. of the
Neck, Torticollis — r. Partial, Merorrheuma.
Rheumatism, PREAnnoM'iNAL, (F.) Rhumatiif-
me prS-nb(/ominnl. Rheumatism of the muscles
of the anterior and lateral portions of the abdo-
men ; supposed by MM. G6nest and Requin to
be the same as the n-ervous affection of the peri-
toneum of Gooch.
Rheumatism Root, Jeffersonia Bartoni.
Rheumatism of the Skin, see Dermalgia — r.
Topical, Merorrheuma — r. of the Uterus, Me-
trorrheuma.
Rheumatism, Visceral. Rheumatism affect-
ing the muscular or fibrous tissues of the viscera.
Rheumatism Weed, Pyrola maculata, P. um-
bel lata.
RIIEUMATISMAL, Rheumatic.
RHEUMATISMUS ABDOMINIS, Coelior-
rheuma — r. Aeutus, Rheumatism, acute — r. Arti-
culorum aeutus. Rheumatism, acute — r. Bra-
chii, Brachiorrheuma — r. Cancrosus, Neuralgia
faciei — r. Cervicis, Torticollis — r. Colli, Torti-
collis— r. Cordis, Cardiorrheuma — r. Cruris, See-
lorrheuma— r. Dorsalis, Lumbago — r. Extremi-
tatum, Acrorrheuma — r. Faciei, Prosoporrheu-
ma— r. Febrilis, Dengue— r. Inflammatorius seu
hypersthenicus, Rheumatismus aeutus — r. Intes-
tinorum, Enterorrheuma — r. Intestinorum cum
ulcere, Dysentery — r. L.arvatus, Neuralgia faciei
— r. Localis, Merorrheuma — r. Membrorum sin-
gulorum, Merorrheuma — r. Non febrilis, Rheu-
matism, acute — r. Partialis, Merorrheuma — r.
Pectoris, Pleurodynia— r. Phlegmonodes, Myosi-
tis— r. Spurius nervosus. Neuralgia — r. Univer-
salis febrilis. Rheumatism, acute — r. Uteri, Me-
trorrhcuma — r. Yesic.B urinaria;, Cystorrheuma
— r. Vulgaris seu inveteratus seu babitualis seu
frigidus. Rheumatism, chronic.
RHEUMATTZ. Rheumatism.
RHEUMATODYNIA. Rheumatism, chronic.
RHKUMATOPHTHAL'MIA, Rheumophthnl'.
min ; from ^pcv/ia, 'pcvfiarof, 'rheumatism.' and
o(p9a'\iit(i, ' inflammation of the eyes.' Rheumafio
ophthalmia.
RIIEUMATOrYRA
802
RIIOITES
RIIEIIMATOPYRA, Rheumatism, acute.
RHEUMATOSIS, Rheumatism.
RIIEUMOPHTHALMIA, Rhoumatophthal-
miii. Sclerotitis.
RIIEXIS, 'prj^ii, Rhegma, Dinip'tio, Riip'tio,
Jiiiplu' la, Rupture, From '^nyvvjii, ' to breali.'
Rupture of a vessel or organ. Spontaneous
opening of an abscess.
Rhkxis Oc'uli. Bursting of the eye from any
cause ; spontaneous or excited.
RIIICNO'SIS, from ' iiiKvoofxai, 'to become wrin-
kled;' Cutin corruga'tio. Wrinkling of the skin
from extenuation of the body ; opposed to CTKaan,
or (listcnpion from repletion.
RIIIGOS, Rigor.
RUIN, Nasus.
RHINAL'GIA, Rhiuodyu'ia, from >iv, 'the
nose,' and aXyos, 'pain.' Pain in the nose.
Rhinal'gia ab Intru'sis. Pain in the nose
from foreign bodies.
Rhinal'gia Vermino'sa. Pain in the nose
from worms. _
RHINAN'CIIONE, Rhinan'gia, Rhitwstegno'-
sis; from 'piv, 'the nose,' and ayxofi, 'narrow-
ness.' Contraction of the nose. SiiufHes.
RHINANGIA, Rhinanchone, Snuffles.
RHINCHOS, Rostrum.
RHINENCEPHALIA, Cyclopia.
RHINEN'CHYSIS, RImieuchi/s'ia, from 'ptv,
'the nose,' £1/, 'in,' and x^'*' *I pour.' An infu-
sion or injection, made into the nostrils, with a
syringe called Rhinen'chitea.
RHINES, Nares.
RHINI'TIS, Naii'tis, from 'ptv, 'pivos, 'the
nose,' and itii, denoting inflammation. Inflam-
mation of the nose. Coryza.
Rhinitis Ulcerosa, Ozaena.
RIIINOBLENNORRIKEA, Rhinorrhooa.
RIIINOC'ACB, Cory'za ftcarlatiuo' sa ; from
'piv, 'pivuc, 'the nose,' and KaKos, 'evil.' The
offensive discharge from the nose, and other
.symptoms indicating a morbid condition of the
Schneiderian membrane, that accompany the
worst forms of scarlatina.
RHINOCATARRHUS, Coryza.
RHINOCNES'MUS, from 'piv, 'pivo?, 'the
nose,' and Kvrjanos, 'itching.' Itching of the nose.
RHINODYNIA, Rhinalgia.
RHINOPHO'NIA. from 'ptv, 'pivos, 'the nose,'
and fiDvri, ' the voice.' A nasal voice, called, also,
Dyapho'uia iinmodula'ta nusct'lis, Poraphu'iiia
iiaaalis seu rea'onans, Psellin'mus na'm'tas, Ifyc-
teropho'nia, Nn'aitas, Vox seu Parala'lia nasa'-
lis. Speaking through the nose.
RHINOPLAS'TIC, Rhinoplas'ti'ca (ars) Rhi'-
noplasfy, from 'piv, 'pivog, 'the nose,' and nXaaan),
' I form.' An epithet applied to the operation for
forming a new nose. The Taliacotian ojteratioii,
so called because described by Tagliacozzi. It
consists in bringing down a portion of flesh from
the forehead, and causing it to adhere to the an-
terior part of the remains of the nose.
RHINOP'TIA. from 'piv, 'the nose,' and ov-
TOfiai, 'I see.' The act of seeing over the nose.
Squinting over the nose.
RHINORRHAGIA. Epistaxis.
RHINOR'RIIAPHY, RhinorrhapVia, from
'piv, 'pivoi, 'nose,' and 'pa<ltr), 'a suture.' An ope-
ration for the removal of epicanthis, which con-
sists in pinching up a longitudinal fold of the
skin, including this fold in two elliptical in-
cisions, removing it, and bringing together the
edges of the wound by harelip suture.
RHINORRHCE'A, Rhhioblennrrhoe'a, from
'u', 'pivix;, 'the nose,' and 'ptto, 'I flow.' A dis-
charge of limpid mucus from the nose without
any inflammatory symptom. A gleet from the
RniNO'SIS, from 'pivoj, 'a skin, leather,' or
from piKvoq, 'rugous.' The state of looseness and
excess of skin observed in phthisis. — Vogcl.
RHINOSTEGNOSIS, Rhinanchone.
RHIPTASMOS, Jactation.
RHIPTOLUSIA, Affusion.
RHIS, Nasus.
RHIZA, Radix.
RHIZAGRA, Punch.
RIIIZO'iMA, Rhizome, from 'pi^a, 'aroot.' The
part of the root of a plant, which consists of wood
or flesh, as in the carrot.
RIIIZOPII'AGUS, from 'pi^a, 'a root,' and
0ay(i), • I eat.' One who lives on roots.
RHIZOTOMIST, see Simples.
RIIIZOTOMUS, Apothecary.
RHOA, Punica granatura.
RHODELiE'ON, Ohnui msa'rnm. Oil of roses,
or oil impregnated with roses.
RHO'DIA, Rhndi'oln ro'nea. Rosea, RoHcwort,
(F.) Rhodiole, from 'poiov, 'arose,' owing to its
odour. Se.T. Si/sf. Dioecia Octandria. The root,
Roseroot, when dry, has a very pleasant smell,
and is slightly astringent. It is not used.
RHO'DTNUS, 'po^tvoi, Rho'dius, Rona'ceus,
Ro'seus, Rosa'tns, (F.) Rosat, Rosy. Formed of,
or containinfj, roses.
RHODIOLA ROSEA, Rhodia.
RHODIOLE, Rhodia.
RIIODITES VINUM. Wine in which roses
have been macerated.
RIIO'DIUM LIGNUM, Rhodium or Rosewood,
from 'poiov, ' a rose.' The wood or root of a tree
supposed to be Genis'ta Camvien'sis of Linnaeus.
(F.) Bois dc rose, Bois de Chypre. Ord. Legunii-
nosae. Sex. Syst. Diadelphia Decandria. The
essential oil is a perfume, and possesses cordial
and tonic virtues. Its smell is attractive to fish,
r'hODIUS, Rhodinus.
RHODODAPIINE, Nerium oleander.
RHODODAPHNIS, Nerium oleander.
RIIODODEN'DRON CHRYSAN'TIIEMUM,
R. chrysnn'thum seu au'reum seu officina'le, Ole-
au'der, Rose-hay, Yellow rhododeudrum. Moun-
tain Laurel, (F.) Rosage, R. chrysanthe. Rose de
Siherie, from 'po^ov, 'a rose,' and iivbpov, 'a
tree.' Nat. Ord. Ericaceae. Sex. Syst. Decan-
dria Monogynia. This plant has been recom-
mended in rheumatism, gout, and syphilis. In
an overdose, it produces aero-narcotic symp-
toms.
RnODODEN'DRON Max'iMUM, Great Laurel, Ame-
rican Rose-bay. An indigenous shrub, Ord. Eri-
caceae, which flowers in July. It is stimulant
and astringent, and has been used by the Indians
in gout and rheumatism.
Rhododendron Puncta'tum. Indigenous; has
similar properties.
RHODOM'ELA PALMA'TA, {'poiov, 'arose,'
and pii^i, 'honey,') Dulse, Sac'charine Fucus.
One of the Algae, eaten in large quantities
throughout the marftime countries of the north
of Europe, and in the Grecian Archipelago.
RIIODOMELI, Mel rosae.
RHODON, Rosa, Rosa centifolia.
RIIODOSACCHARUM, Confectio rosae gal-
RIIODOSTACTON, Mel rosae.
RHODOSTAGMA, Aqua rosae.
RIIffiA, Punica granatum.
RHCEAS, see Papaver rhoeas.
RIIOEBDESTS, Absorption.
RIICEUM, Rheum.
RHOGMOS, Rattle.
RHOI'TES, 'poiTTis, a wine impregnated with
the pomegranate ; from 'po«, the Pomegranate, —
Dioscoridcs. A confection, made by boiling the
miOMBOIDEUS
803
RIBWORT
juice of the pomegranate in honey. — Paulus of
jEgina.
KIIOMBOiDE'US, from >a<;3o5, 'a rhombus,'
whose sides are equal, with two obtuse and two
acute angles. Ulionibo'ideua mnjor and viiiior,
J{h()iiibo'i'<Jes, Cervici-dorso-ncapulaire. A muscle
fituate at the posterior inferior part of the neck,
iind at the posterior part of the back. It has a
rlioinboidal shape, and is attached, by its inner
I'llge, to the posterior cervical ligament, and to
the spinous processes of the last cervical verte-
bra, and of the first four or five dorsal. By Its
(lutcr edge, it is attached to the spinal or poste-
rior edge of the scapula. It is divided into two
fasciculi, constituting the Rhomhoideua major and
Jlh. minor, the latter being situate higher than the
(ither. This muscle draws the scapula backwards
and upwards, and impresses upon it a rotatory
niotioii, which brings its inferior angle nearer to
the s[)ine ; and, consequently, depresses the an-
terior angle and the shoulder.
RHOMBOS, 'pon^oi. A bandage mentioned by
Galen, so called on account of its rhomboidal
shape.
RIIONCHAL, Ithoncha'lis, from rhonchna, 'rat-
tle.' Relating or appertaining to rhonchus ; — as
' ilniiirhcd fluctuation,' the fremitus that occurs
through the influence of respiration as an attend-
ant on cavernous rhonchi. — Walshe.
RHONCHUS, Rattle, Snoring, Stertor— r. Ca-
vernous, see Gurgling — r. Cavernulous, see Gur-
gling.
Rhonchus, Clicking. A rhonchus which has
been considered positively indicative of the e.xist-
ence of tubercles in the lungs. [?]
Rho.nchus, Crepitans, Jfdle crepitant — r. Cre-
pitans Redux, see Crepitant — r. Mucous, see
Jldle muqueiix — r. Sibilans, see Bale crepitant —
r. Sihilus, Rd/c sibilant — r. Sonorus, Mule aonore
— r. Subcrepitant, see Rule muqueux.
RliOPALISMUS, Priapismus.
RHOPALOSIS, Plica, Pupil, Uvea.
RIIOPE, C(mgestion.
RIIOTACISMUS, Rotacism.
RHUBARB, Rheum — r. Chinese, see Rheum
— r. French, Rheum Rhaponticum — r. India,
.■ioo Rheum — r. Kriinea, Rheum Rhaponticum
— r. Monk's, Rume.v Alpinus, Rumex patientia —
r. Poor man's, Thalictron — r. Rhapontic, Rheum
Rhaponticum — r. Russia, see Rheum — r. Turkey,
see Rheum — r. Wild, Convolvulus panduratus.
RlJVBARliE, Rheum— r. Fausse, Thalictron
— r. des IndeH, Convolvulus mechoacan — r. dea
Pauvrea, Thalictron — r. Sauoage, llumcx pati-
entia.
RHUE, Ruta.
Rfff'.U, Rum.
RHl'MAPYRA, Rheumatism, acute.
RHUMATALGIA, Rheumatism, chronic.
nilFMATALGIE, Rheumatism, chronic.
JlIfl'^fA TIQUE, Rheumatic.
RHIMA TISAXr, Rheumatic.
R III' MA TISMAL, Rheumatic.
A'// U MA rrSME, Rheumatism -— r. Aigu,
Rheumatism, acute — r. Articulaire aigu, Rheu-
matism, acute — r. Clironique, Rheumatism, chro-
nic— r. Prfabdominale, Rheumatism, pneabdom-
inal — r. d. I' Uterus, Metrorrheuma.
RHUME, Rheum — r. de Cerveau, Coryza —
)•. lie I'oilrine, Catarrh.
RHUS COPALLINA, see Rhus glabra.
Rhi'S CoRIA'kia, Adii'rion, Snmach, Shumach,
Elm-leaved Sumacfi, (F.) Sumac des Corro;/-
eiira, Roure. Ord. Anaeardiacese. Sex. Si/at.
Pontandria Monogynia. This i.s the only species
of the genus rhus that is innocent. Both the
leaves and berries have been used as astringents
and tonics.
Rhus Glabra, 'Smooth Sumach.' Indige-
nous, and officinal in the Pharmacopoeia of the
United States. An infusion of the fruit — Rhus
glabrum [? ] — which is acid and astringent, has
been used as a cooling drink, and as a gargle.
An infusion of the inner bark of the root has been
recommended in mercurial ptyalism.
Rhus Radi'cANS, R. vemix, Poiaon vine {Ame-
rica). This plant is poisonous (see Poisons, Ta-
ble of), and is extremely acrid, when applied to
the skin, producing erysipelas and vesications,
and has been used, like the next variety, in pa-
ralysis, and other nervous affections.
Rhus Sylvestpis, Myrica gale.
Rhus Typhi'na, »SVf(//'8 horu Sumach, a.r\d Rhus
Copalli'na, Jlountaiii Sumach, have similar
properties.
Rhus Toxicoden'dhon, Toxicoden'dmn, Poison
Ook (America), (F.) Sumac reneneux. This plant
has been used in paralytic affections and cutane-
ous eruptions. It is poisonous, like the last.
Dose, gr. ss. to gr. iv.
Rhus Typhina, see Rhus glabra.
Rhus Venena'ta, Poison Sumach, and Rhus
Pu'mila, have similar properties.
Rhus Vernix, Rh. railicans.
RIIYAS, from 'piin, ' I flow.' An ulceration of
the lachrymal caruncle, with a constant flow of
tears. — Blancard.
RIIYPARIA, Rupia, Sordes primarum viarum.
RHYPIA, Rupia.
RIIYPOS, Sordes.
RHYPTICA, Detergents.
RHYPTICUS, Abstergent.
RHYSIS, Flux.
RHYSMUS, Rhythm.
RHYSSEMA, Wrinkle.
RHYTHM, Rhythmua, 'pu^^io?, Rhysmua, (F.)
Rhythme, ' measured movement.' The order of
proportion, as regards time, which reigns between
the difl'erent movements of an organ — as of the
organism in health and disease. Thus, rhythm
is applied to the diurnal variations of the pulse;
and to the paroxysmal movements of an inter-
mittent.
RHYTHMICAL, Periodical.
Rhythmical Contractions op Muscles are
those that succeed one another after regular in-
tervals.
RHYTHMUS, Rhythm.
RHYTIDOSIS, Rutidosis.
RIB, Costa — r. False, see Costa — r. Floating,
see Costa — r. Sternal, see Costa — r. True, see
Costa,
RIBES GROSSULARIA, R. uva crispa.
Ribes Nigrum, J{. ol'idum, Grossula'ria nigra,
Cassia, Black Currant, (iazel, (F.) Groseillier
voir. Ord. Grossulacese. Sex. Si/st. Pentan-
dria Monogynia. The berries — Black currants —
have been recommended in sore-throat, as diu-
retics. The leaves have been advised for the
same purpose. They are chiefly used as preserves.
Ribes Glidum, R. nigrum — r. Officinale, R.
rubrum.
Ribes Rubrum, R. officina'le seu vuh/a're,
Grossula'ria non spino'sa seu rubra. Red cur-
rant, (F.) Groseillier rouge ; of which the White
is only a variety. It is cultivated, and afl'ords
an agreeable fruit — Red currants, (F.) GroseiUea.
It possesses the qualities of the subacid fruits in
general, and makes an excellent preserve.
Ribes Uva Crispa, R. grossulu'ria, Coinmon
gooseberry. The fruit — Groasnla'ria. (F.) Gro-
seille it uiaquereau. Gooseberry, Feaberry — is
agreeable, and makes a good preserve.
RiBKS Vulgarr, R. rubrum.
RIBGRASS. Plantago lanceolata.
RIBS, NECK OF THE, Collum costarum — r.
Short, see Costa.
RIBWORT, Plantago Virginica.
RICE
804
RISUS
RTCE, Oryza — r. Disease, Cholera— r. Ground,
see Oryza — r. Jelly, see Oryza.
Rice Water, see Oryza. The evacuations of
cholera have been termed — from their resem-
blance to riee-water — ' rice-icater discharges ;'
and in India, ' congee discharges ;' — congee in
Hindoostanee meaning ' rice-water.'
Rice, Wild, Zizania aquatica.'
RICIIARDSONIA, see Ipecacuanha.
RICHLEAF, Collinsonia Canadensis.
RICH WEED, Actaea racemosa, Ambrosia tri-
fida, Collinsonia Canadensis, Pilea pumila.
ItlCIN, Ricinus communis.
RICINOIDES, Jatropha curcas.
RICINUS COMMU'NIS, from richms, 'a
tick,' which its seed resembles; Ricinus vulgn'ria
seu vii-'idin, Palma Chrixti, Catapn'tia major,
Faha piiryu'trix, Cerua, Kenia, Cici, Castor oil
plant, (F.) Iticin, Feve purgntif. Ord. Euphor-
biaccse. Sex. Si/st. Monoecia Monadelphia. Cas-
tor-oil seeds, whence the oil is obtained, are in-
odorous ; taste acrid and slightly sweetish. One
or two seeds — Sem'ina Catapu'tim niaj'o'ris '^ea
lilc"ini vidyu'ris — will act as a cathartic ; but the
oil is alone used. It is obtained by Viruising the
castor-seeds, previously decorticated, and then
expressing the oil without the application of heat.
Recently-drawn castor oil, O/enm de kerva seu
Icervi'inim, Alher'va,0. Iiic"ini seu Cic"iniim seu
Palma liq'uidiim seu de Palnid Christi, — in the
United States often called simply Oil, (F.) Hid/e
de Ricin — is inodorous and nearly insipid. It is
cathartic, operating speedily, and may be used in
all cases where powerfully stimulating purgatives
would be injurious. Dose, f^.) to f^^iss. Hufe-
land recommends that a drop of croton oil shall
be added to an ounce of the oil of poppy, and that
the mixture shall be called O'lenm Ric"ini Offi-
cinn'le.
At the Cape of Good Hope the oil is obtained
from Ricinus liv'idiis.
A variety of Ricinus at Cape Verd is employed
by the inhabitants to increase the secretion of
milk. It is applied in the form of poultice, made
■with the green leaves, to the mammae, or of a
strong decoction, with which the mammae and
the external parts of generation are washed.
RuiNi's LiviDi'S, see Ricinus communis — r.
Major, Jatropha curcas — r. Minor, Jatropha ma-
nihot — r. Yiridis, R. communis — r. Vulgaris, R.
communis.
RK-K, Malleolus.
RICKETS, Rachitis.
RICKETY, Rachificus.
RICTUS LUPIN US, see Harelip.
RfDF. Wrinkle.
RfDE, Wrinkled.
RIDING (of B<ines). Osainm svperposit"io,
(F.) Chi ranch ement. Displacement of the frag-
ments of a bone, chiefly produced by the contrac-
tion of muscles, which occasions shortening of
1he limb; the fractured extremities rjrfuig' over
each other instead of being end to end.
RmiNG-HAG, Incubus.
RIFE, (Sax.) pype, (Prov.) Brief. Prevail-
ing; as applied to diseases.
RIFT. Eructation.
RIGIDITAS, Rigidity.
RiotniTAS Articulo'rum, Ancylo'sis spu'ria.
Stiffness of the joints. False ancylosis.
RIGIDITJS, Rigidity— r. Cadaverique,sQQ Ri-
gidity.
Ri(4TDITY,7?/f/K?'(7(T«, from rigere, 'to stiffen,'
(F.) Ritjidite, Roidenr, Ruidenr. Great stiffness
of fibre, or want of suppleness. The stiffness
of the dead body. Cadnv'eric rigidity, (F.) Roideiir
ou Rigidite. cadaveriqne, is one of the signs of
the cessation of life. It may be removed, how-
ever, for a time, by the injection into the nrtoriog
of oxygenated defibrinated blood. See Rigor
mortis.
RI'GOR, Rhigos, Algor, Coldness, Cheim'in,
(F.) Frisson. Same etymon. Sensation of cold,
with involuntary shivering or shaking of the whole
body : — a symptom of fever. A slighter degree,
and at times full rigor, is occasionally termed a
chill, (Prov.) cream ; frigus ten'ne, per/rigera'lin.
Rigor Artuum, Contractura — r. Cadavcrosus,
Rigor mortis — r. Corporis mortui, Itigor mortis
— r. Emortualis, Rigor mortis — r. Maxilla; infc-
rioris. Trismus.
Rigor Mortis, R. cor'poria mor'tni seu cndn-
vero'sHS seu emortuu'lis, Necronarce'ma, (F.) Rui-
dcur ou Raideur ou Rigiditi cadavirique. ' Stiff-
ness of death.' Death stiffening. The rigidiiy
of limbs that occurs on dissolution. See Rigidity.
Rigor Nkkvokum, Tetanus — r. Nervosus, Te-
tanus.
RIMA, Schisma, Schiza ; 'a fissure, a cleft:'
as Rima seu Ri'mnla Glot'tidis seu Laryu'gis, the
opening of the glottis. Rima seu R. magna ludvee,
Intro'itns, Sinns vidvcp, Scapha, Scophus seu Fis-
su'ra magna seu Svissn'ra vnlrm, iSchiza, the
opening of the vulva. See Vulva. Rima oris,
the opening of the mouth.
Rima Canalis Oruitauii, Suborbitar fissure —
r. ad Infundibulum, Vulva cerebri — r. Laryngis,
Rima glottidis — r. Magna Vulva;, see Rima — r.
Oris, see Rima — r. Transversa Magna Cerebri, Fis-
sure, transverse, of the brain — r. Vulva;, see Rima.
RIM^, Rhagades.
RIMULA GLOTTIDIS, Rima glottidis — r.
Laryngis, Rima glottidis.
RINjEUS, Compressor naris.
RINCHOS, Rostrum.
RING, (Sax.) hpins, pins, (Germ.) Ring,
Cricos, (F.) Anneau. A name given to natural,
circular, or roundish apertures, with muscular or
aponeurotic parietes, which serve for the passage
of some vessel or canal : — as the umhilicul ring,
inqninal ring, &e.
■rings, FESTOONED, Annuli tibro-cartila-
ginei — r. Fibro-cartilaginous, Annuli iibro-carti-
laginei.
RING-FINGER, Annular finger.
RINGMAN, Annular finger.
RINGWORM, Herpes cireinatus — r. of the
Scalp, Porrigo scutulata — r. Ulcerative, Herpes
exedens — r. Vesicular, Herpes praeputii.
RIO VINAIGRO, Passamhio. A stream of
some size in New Grenada, which is strongly im-
pregnated with sulphuric acid.
RIRE ou RIS, Risus — r. Canin, Canine laugh
— r. Moqnenr, Canine laugh — r. Sardonien, Ca-
nine laugh, Risus sardonicus — r. Surdoniqne,
Canine laugh.
RISAGON, Cassumuniar.
RISIGALLUM, Orpiment.
RISING, see Regurgitation — r. of the Lights,
Cynanche trachcalis.
Rising or Eleva'tion of the Pulse, PuUds
eleva'tio. The pulse is said to rise, when it be-
comes more full and frequent, as occurs in the
exacerbation of acute diseases.
RISO'RIUS NOV US. Santorini gives this
name to a portion of the platysma myoides,
which passes from the cheek towards the com-
missure of the lips.
RISSIGALLUM, Orpiment.
RISUS, from ridere, risnm, 'to laugh.' Gelns,
Langhing, Laughter, Langh, (F.) Rire ou Ri».
An involuntary movement of the muscles of the
face, and of the lips in particular, accompanied
with a sonorous and interrupted respiration, com-
monly indicating mirth and satisfaction.
Risus Apium, Ranunculus sceleratus — r. Ca-
ninus, Canine laugh — r. Involuntarius, Canine
RITA-CniSTINA
8 05
ROSAGE
laugh — r. S.-irdonicus, Canine laugh — r. Spasti-
CU8, Canine hiugh.
RITA-CKISTINA. A celebrated double mon-
ster, born in Sardinia, in 1829. It lived to be
nearly nine months old. Two distinct bodies were
united at the pelvis. Below, the monster was sisgle.
RIVER WEED, Conferva rivalis.
RIV^IN(r, Eructation. ,
RIZ, Ory/.a.
R(MN TREE, Sorbus acuparia.
ROB, Roob, Hobub, Rohob, Rohiib, {F.)E.xtra!t
(k'H fruitt. This word, of Arabic extraction,
means the juice of any fruit thickened to the
consistence of honey by evaporation, before it
lias fermented. The juice of the grape, boiled to
this consistence, was called Sajta, and, when not
([uite 80 thick, De/ni'tum.
Rob Cvno.sbatos, Confeotio rosas caninae — r.
ex Moris, Diamorion — r. Nucuin, Diaearyon.
ROBIN-RUN-AWAY, (Jleehoma hederacea.
R015IN-RUN-TIIE-11EDGE, (ialiuin aparine.
ROBIN'IA AMA'RA, Ord. Leguminosic.
Sex. Si/xt. Diadelpliia Decandria. The roots of
tbe Jinhinin amara of Cochin China are bitter,
and have been recouunended, especially in that
country, in diarrhoea and dyspepsia.
RoBlNiA Pseudo-Aca'cia, Pseudaca'cia odo-
rn'tii, Fidne Acd'cin, Black Locust, Lociint-lree ;
native of America. The flowers are said to pos-
fcss antispasmodic properties, and the bark of the
root to be emetic and cathartic.
ROIiOHANS, Corroborant.
ROliOHANTIA, Tonics.
liOBUB, Rob.
ROCCELLA, Lichen roccella — r. Tinctoria,
Lichen roccella.
ROCHE'S EMBROCATION FOR HOOPING-
COUGH. An empirical preparation, composed
(if «/. oliv. ,'xvj, o/. «Mcc/». ^viij, ol. caryoph.,
q. s. to scent it strongly.
ROCIIEIt, see Temporal bone.
ROCllETTA ALEXANDRINA, Soda.
ROCKIiRTDGE ALUM SPRINGS, see Vir-
ginia, mineral waters of.
ROCKET, GARDEN, Brassica eruoa — r. Ro-
man, Brassica eruca.
ROCK ROSE, Ilelianthemuui Canadense, II.
Corvmbosum.
ROCOU. Terra Orleana.
RODDIKIN, Abomasus.
RODPjXS, sec Sorbus acuparia.
RODEX-TREE. Sorbus acuparia.
RODSCHIEDIA BURSA PASTORIS, Thlaspi
bursa.
HOONE, Psora.
ROHAB, Rob.
ROIIENA BARK, Swietenia.
ROIIOB. Rob.
ROIIUX, see Strychnos nux vomica.
ROIDEUR, Rigidity — r. Cadaveriqiie, Rigor
mortis.
ROrSDORFF, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Alkaline waters in (iermany, which contain car-
bonic acid and carbonate of soda.
ROLLER. Bandage, Fascia,
ROMARIX, Rosmarinus — »■. dea Slarnia, Sta-
tico liiiHiniuin — r. S<iiimi(jp. Ledum sylvestre.
ROME, (CLIMATE OF.) The "climate of
Rome, as regards its physical qualities, is con-
sidered to bo one of the best in Italy. It is pe-
culiarly still ; and, hence, has been esteemed
favourable as a winter climate in pulmonary dis-
eases, and for invalids generally, as it admits of
their taking exercise in tbe open air at a lower
temperature than they otherwise could do. In
the early stages of consumption, Sir James Clark
generally found tbe climate favourable.
RO}[PEVRE. Hernia.
RUMRT-PIERRE, Pimpinella saxifraga.
RONCE. Rubus idaeus — r. DIeue, Rubus cae-
sius — >: de Mnutagne, Rubus chameemorus — r.
Xuire, Rubus fruticosus.
RONCHUS, Snoring, Stertor.
ROND, Round — r. Grand, Teres major — r.
Petit, Teres minor.
RONE, Sorbus acuparia.
RONFLEMENT, Snoring, Stertor, see Rattle
— r. de Diuhle, Bruit de Uiuble.
RONNACHS, Triticum repens.
RONNING, Rennet.
ROOB, Rob.
ROOF OF THE MOUTH, Palate.
ROOM, Pityriasis.
ROOT, Radix — r. Ague, Aletris farinosa — r.
Bitter, Apocynum androsaemifolium — r. Canada,
Asclepias tuberosa — r. Colic, Aletris — r. Red, Ce-
lastrus, Lachnanthes tinctoria — r. Rough, Liatris.
Root of Scarcity, Beta hybrida.
Root, Squaw, Acta?a racemosa — r. Sweet, Aco-
rus calamus — r. Unicorn, Aletris farinosa — r.
White, Ligusticum actajofolium — r. Yellow, Xan-
thoriza apiifolia, Jefi'ersonia Bartoni.
ROPE, Nanus.
Rope Bahk, Dirca palustris.
ROQUETTE, Brassica eruca, Soda.
RORELLA, Drosera rotundifolia.
RORIF'EROUS, Ror'ifer, (F.) Rorifere, from
JOS, roria, ' dew,' itwd /erre, ' to carry.' An epithet
given to vessels which pour exhaled fluids on the
surface of organs.
RoitiFERous Duct, Thoracic duct.
ROS, Sperm — r. Calabrinus, Fraxinus ornus —
r. Soils, Drosera rotundifolia.
ROSA, Cfioiov,) R. centifolia — r. Afzeliana, R.
canina.
Rosa Alba, R. w>itittiii'Hima scu hucun'ihd.
The White Roae, (F.) Rosier bluiic. Ord. Ro-
sacea). Se.c. Sijst. Icosandria Polygynia. The
flowers of this species possess similar but inferior
qualities to the damask.
Rosa Armata, R. canina — r. Asturica, see Pel-
lagra— r. Austriaca, R. Gallica — r. Calycina, R.
canina.
Rosa Cani'.na, 7?. sylves'tria seu aentico'tn seu
Stvartzia'iia seu A/zelia'na seu armn'ta seu caty-
ci'ua seu rubra viili/a'rii!, Ci/iior' rhodon, Coiiirn'-
biis, Caiii'nuH iScntis, Cynocyt'isii^, Cyiiospae'tiiiii,
Cynoa'hatos, Dofj rose, Wild Briar, Hip Tree,
(F.) Rose dii chieii, E(/laiitier de ehien, E. sau-
viii/e. The fruit of this variety, called Ifcjjs or
Hips, Hops, (Sc.) fJoghip, has a sourish taste, and
is formed into a conserve. See Confectio cynos-
bati. It is seldom employed, except to give form
to more active remedies; as to pills, boluses,
linctuses, Ac.
Rosa Centifo'lia, Rosa, R. Davmace'na seu
Pal'lida, Hecatomphyl'la, Damask Rose, Hun-
dred leaved or Cabbage rose', (F.) Rosier d cent
feuilles, R/iodott. The petals of this rose have an
extremely fragrant odour, and sub-acidulous taste.
They are laxative: but are scarcely used for any
purposes except for the distillation of rose water.
Oil of Roses, Oleum Rosar, Attar, Otto or Esseuci
of Roses, and the formation of a syrup.
Rosa Damascena, R. centifolia.
Rosa Gal'lica, R. Austriaca seu rubra. Red
Rose. (F.) Rosier de Proviiis. The petals of this
variety are astringent; and are used in infusion,
conserve, <fec.
Rosa Leucantha, R. alba — r. Pallida, R. cen-
tifolia— r. Rubra. R. Gallica — r. Rubra vulgaris.
R. canina — r. Saltans, Essera — r. Senticosa, R.
canina — r. Swartziana, R. canina — r. Sylvestris,
R. cjmina — r. Usatitissima, R. alba.
ROSACE, Roseola.
ROSACEUS, Rhodinus.
ROSAGE, Nerium oleander, Rhododendron
cbrysauthcmum.
ROSAGO
806
ROTTLERA TINCTORIA
ROSAGO. Noriuin oleander.
ROSALIA. Scarlatina.
ROSALT^.. Scarlatina.
J{OSAT. Rhoilinus.
ROSATUS, Rhodinus.
ROSE, Erysipelas — r. Cabbage, Rosa centi-
folia — r. Campion, Lychnis githago — r. Christinas,
Helleborus niger — r. Corn, Papaver rhceas — r. Da-
mask, Rosa centifolia — r. Dog, Rosa canina — r.
Dog, conserve or confection of, Confectio rosoe
caninae.
. liOSE DU CHI EN, Rosa canina.
Rose, IIumdrkd- leaved, Rosa centifolia — r.
Murine, Rosmarinus.
R6sE Rash, Roseola.
Rose, Red, Rosa Gallica — r. Rock, Ilelian-
tbemuui Corj'mbosum.
ROSE DE SinERIE, Rhododendron crysan-
themum — r. Spots, Spots, red.
Rose, White, Rosa alba.
ROSEA, Rbodia.
ROSEBALM, SCARLET, Monarda coccinea.
ROSEBAY, AMERICAN, Rhododendron
maximum.
ROSE DROP, Gatta rosea.
ROSEE DU SOLEIL, Drosera rotundifolia.
ROSELLINA, Roseolse.
ROSEMARY, Rosmarinus — r. Marsh, Statiee
limonium, and S. Caroliniana — r. Wild, Erioce-
phalus unibellulatus.
ROSENHEIM, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Rosenheim is 34 miles S. E. from Miiiiich, in
Bavaria. The waters contain sulphuretted hy-
drogen, carbonic acid, carbonate of lime, chlo-
rides of calcium and magnesium, carbonate of
soda, and oxide of iron. They arc used as tonics.
ROSE'OLA, Exanthe'iis Roseola, Rose Rush,
(F. ) Rose.ole, Eruption niiomrtle, Rosnce, Fiecre
rouge, Ejjlorescence erysipe/alense, from rosa, 'the
rose,' on account of the colour. An efflorescence
in blushing patches, gradually deepening to a
rose-colour, mostly circular or oval; often alter-
nately fading and reviving; sometimes, with a
colourless nucleus; and chiefly on the cheeks,
neck, or arms. It is frequently found, as a
symptom, in dentition, dyspepsia, rheumatism,
Ac, and is of no consequence. See Roseola,
Rubeola, and Scarlatina. '
Roseola Acnosa, Gutta rosea.
Roseola uEsti'va. The affection which pre-
vails in summer. The eruption is of a darker
colour, and is attended with more itching.
Roseola Annula'ta. Characterized by patches
in the form of rose-coloured rays, with central
areas of the colour of the skin.
Roseola Ficosa, Sycosis — r. Typhosa, Spots,
red — r. Variolosa, Roseolas.
ROSE'OLiE, Roseola, Roselli'nn, Rube'ola
spuria, False or French measles, (F.) Roseole,
Fausse rouffeole. This name is also given by some
to an acute exanthem, midway between measles
and scarlatina, and which belongs to neither one
nor the other, as it affords no protection against
either. It is, also, termed Rubeola by some, and
Rube.'oloid, a term, which is applicable to any
eruption resembling rubeola. An eruption which
often precedes that of small-pox is termed Roseola
Variolo'sa.
ROSEOLE, Roseola, Roseolae.
ROSE PINK, Chironia angularis.
ROSES, MILK OF. A cosmetic wash, formed,
according to one method, of subcarbonale of po-
tass, gr. vj ; oil of almonds, ^^j ; essence of berga-
"'"'i 3'J ' nq'KB roscB, ^iij; orange flower water,
^ij. Mix.
ROSEUS, Rhodinus.
ROSEWOOD, Rhodium lignum.
ROSEWORT, Rhodia.
ROSIEIt BLANC, Rosa alba— v. d Cent feu
illes, R. centifolia — r. de Provins, Rosa Uallica.
ROSIN, BLACK, Colophonia— r. Brown, Colo
phonia.
Rosin Weicd, Silphiuin laciniatum.
Rosix, White, see Pinus sylvestris — r. Yellow,
see Pinus sylvestris.
ROSIO STOiMACIII, Cardialgia — r. Ventri-
culi, Cardialgia.
ROSMARINUM, Rosmarinus.
ROSMARI'NUS, R. ojjiv.ina'tis sen l„ii/,/li„s
sen horten'sis, Ahhaehil, Libitno'lis corona' riii,
Dendrolib'anus, Rosetnary, (F.) Roniiirin, Rose
marine, Encensicr ; Ord. LabiataJ. Sex. Sijst.
Diandria Monogynia. The tops of this phint,
Rosmarinus {Ph. U. S.). Herba Anthos, have a
fragrant, grateful smell ; and an aromatic, warm,
bitterish taste, which is dependent upon nn es-
sential oil, combined with camphor. Riiseiiinrv
has been recommended in nervous headnchs, in
the form of infusion. It is now rarely used, ex-
cept for its odour. The flower is called Anthns,
av&oi. Its oil — Oleum Rosniarini — is olliciiuil.
From two to six or ten drops are given in nervous
complaints, rubbed up with sugar.
RosMADiNiis IlouTHNSis, Rosmarinus — r. Liili-
folius, Rosmarinus — r. Officinalis, Rosmarinus —
r. Stcechadis facie, Teucrium creticuin — r. Syl-
vestris, Ledum sylvestre.
ROSSALIA, Scarlatina — r. Squamosa, Scarla-
tina.
ROSSIGNOL. A name given, in Prance, to
an affection to which pressmen are subject. It
is a sprain, followed by tumefaction of the radio-
carpal joint.
ROSSOLIO, see Spirit.
ROSTRUM, iiAnic/ioo, Rinchos, Ramphos, 'a
beak.' (F.) Bee. A name given to several old
forceps, on account of their resemblance to the
beaks of different birds. The principal were the
Rostrum corvi'num, anati'nuni, psiltiici'nnin, vid-
turi'ntitn. ct/g'neum seu olori'num, grui'nuin, lueer-
ti'num, &o.
RosTUiiM Externum, Olecranon — r. Poroinum,
Acromion — r. Posterius, Olecranon — r. Sphenoi-
dale, Azyges processus.
ROSY BETTY, Erigeron bellidifolium — r.
Bush, Spiraea tomentosa — r. Drop, Gutta rosea —
r. Whelk, Gutta rosea.
ROT, Eructation.
ROT, Grinders', Asthma, grinders'.
ROT'ACISM, Rotcicism'us, Rottocismus, Rho-
tacis'mns, Psellin'mns rhotacis'mus, (F.) Grasseye-
ment. A vicious pronunciation of the Greek, P,
Rau, common in the northern parts of England;
especially near Newcastle. Called, there, the
Burr or Burrh.
ROTACISMUS, Grasseyement, Rotacism.
ROTA'TOR, from rotare, rotatum, {rota, 'it
wheel,') 'to turn rouml,' (F. ) Rotuteur. A name
given to several muscles that turn the parts to
which they are attached upon their axes ; — such
as the oblique muscles of the eyes,, the pronators,
supinators, &c.
Rotator, Trochanter.
Rotato'res Dorsi. Eleven small muscles on
each side of the dorsal vertebra, which arise from
the point or upper edge of each transverse pro-
cess, and pass to the lower edge of the arch of
the vertebra above, as far as the base of the trans-
verse process. Their action is to rotate the indi-
vidual vertebrse on each other.
Rotatokes Femoris, Obturatores — r. Oculi,
Oblique muscles of the eye.
ROTCOLL, Cochlearia armoracia.
ROTTACISMUS, Rotacism.
ROTTLE'RATINCTO'RIA. Aeuphorbiaceous
plant of India. A powder is attached to the fruit
capsule of this plant, which is brushed off and cul-
ROTULA
807
RUBUS AFFIXIS
loc'ed when Ihe fruit is dry. It is called KameyUi,
13 used in Xortliern India as a verinifii^^e for dogs ;
and has proved etfertual ajiainst tapeworm in man.
The dose is two or three drachms, which purges.
ROTULA, Patella, Trochiscus — r. Genu, Pa-
tella.
ROTULAD, see Rotular aspect.
ROT'ULAR; from rotnh,, 'the patella.' Re-
lating or appertaining to the patella.
Rot'ui.ak Asi'bct. An aspect towards the
Fide on which the rotula is situated. — Barclay.
Jliit'iilnd is used hy the same writer, adverbially,
to signify ' towards the rotular aspect.'
ItOTULE, Patella.
KOl'U'LIAN, RotnUn'nne, (F.) liofuhVii. Re-
lating or belonging to the rotula or patella.
ROTUNDUS, Round.
no I WO U, Terra Orlcana.
ROUKN, MINERAL WATERS OF. This
water, known under the name, Eitii des fonltiiiiea
dc la Miii-f(jnerie, is cold, and contains carbonate
of iron, carbonic acid, carbonate of lime, chloride
of calcium, &c. It is tonic.
ItOUGK, Colcothar — )•. d'Aiigfeferre, Colco-
thar — r. de Pruase, Colcothar — r. du Sang, llae-
matin.
IWUGEOLE. Rubeola — r. Fauaee, Roseolae.
ROIUiEURS, Flush.
ROUtJII ROOT, Liatris.
nOlULLE. Rubiginous.
noriEMENT DU LAMBEAU, see Flap.
ROUND, TereH, Rofiin'ditu, (F.) Rniid. Ana-
tomists have given this name to many organs
whose fibres are collected in round fasciculi. See
Teres.
Round FoRAMK>f, Forn'mcn rotnvd'tim. A
foramen of the sphenoid bone, a little behind the
foriinien lacenim supen'iin, which gives passage
to the second branch of the fifth pair of nerves,
called supi'ri'or inn.rilhii-y.
Round IIkaut, Thaspium atropurpureum.
RouNn LiGAMKNTS OF THE Uteiius, Lkjamen'ta
rnfiiiid'a U'leri, (F.) Cordons sua-puhipns (Ch.),
Cordona vnacnlairea, Ligaments ronda de I'nterua.
Two cords, which arise from the lateral and su-
perior parts of the uterus, whence they proceed
towards the abdominal rings, which they pass
through, and terminate by vanishing in the areo-
lar tissue of the groins, mons veneris, and labia
ranjura. These cords are whitish, flattened, and
narrower in the middle than at the extremities.
Acc()r<ling to Mr. Rainey, they are composed
chiefly of the striped muscular fibre.
ROUP, Cynanche trachealis, Raucedo.
/fOr/?^,"Rhns coriaria.
ROUTINE PRACTITIONER, Routinist.
ROUTINI.ST, pronouireed ronteen'iat ; (F.)
Hontlnier ; from (F.) routine, ' a regular habit or
practice, unvaried by circumstances.' One who
practises in such an unvaried manner: — a roii-
tine practitioner.
ROVE. Scab.
ROVING. Delirium.
ROWLAND'S SPRINGS, see Georgia, mine-
ral wiitors of.
ROWTING. Snoring.
RURRER, INDIAN, Caoutchouc.
RURBING SOUND, limit de Frottemenf.
RUBE'DO, Rubor, 'redness;' from ruhere, 'to
be red.' A diffused, but not spotted, redness on
any part of the skin ; like that which arises from
blushing. Blushing.
RUBEF.\'CIENT, Erethia'ma, Erethia'ticum,
Rnhrf'a'ciena, from riilier. 'red.' and facio, 'I
make.' (F.) Rnhefiant. That which produces
redness. A medicine which causes redness of
the skin. The action is called Rubc/action.
RUDEFIAST, Rubefacient
RUBE'OLA, Rubeola vulga'ria, from riileo, 'I
am red.' Roae'olae, E.rantlie'aia Rubeola, Vetera'-
na, Rlac'cicB, FcraoE, Blacti(B, Bovil'la, Morbil'li,
Srarlati'na puatulo'aa seu milia'ria, Fi-bris mor-
bitlo'aa, T>jphua morbil/oaua, Phcenicia'mus, Ec-
phy'nHita, .Menalea, (Sc.) Mirlea, (Proy.) Creaa,
Crewda, MaUa, 3/aulea, Mfaalinga, (F.) Rougeolc,
Fievre niorhilleuae. One of the major exanthe-
mata; generally affecting individuals but once,
and produced by specific contagion. The rash
usually appears on the fourth, but sometimes on
the third, fifth, or sixth day of a febrile disorder:
and, after a continuance of four days, gradually
declines with the fever. The disease generally
commences from ten to fourteen days after the
contagion has been received. The eruption first
shows itself in distinct, red, and nearly circular
spots, somewhat less than the ordinary areolie of
flea-bites. As these increase in number, they
coalesce; forming small patches of an irregular
figure, but approaching nearest to that of semi-
circles or crescents. These patches are inter-
mixed with single, circular dots and with inter-
stices of the natural colour of the skin. On the
face they are slightly raised, so as to give the
sensation of inequality of surface to the finger
passed over the cuticle. The disappearance of
the eruption is followed by desquamation of the
cuticle. Measles is not dangerous of itself; but
it is liable to induce pneumonia in winter, and
dysentery in summer, which are, at times, very
fatal. These are apt to come on at the time of,
or soon after, the disappearance of the eruption.
AVhen they supervene, they must be treated as
idiopathic affections. It demands a general anti-
phlogistic treatment. Willan has pointed out a
kind of Rubeola spu'uia, which he calls Rube-
ola "ine Catau'riio. In this the rnsh runs ils
regular course, with little fever or catarrhal affec-
tion ; affording no certain security against the
common or regular disease. He also gives the
name, Rubeola Nigra or Blatk SIeasles, to
an unusual appearance of the measles about the
seventh or eighth day, when the rash becomes
suddenly livid, with a mixture of yellow. It is
devoid of inconvenience or danger; and is re-
moved in a week or ten daj's by the mineral acids
and tonics.
Rubeola Spuria, Roseolae.
RITBEOL.T^;. Roseolae.
RUBEOLOID. see Roseola?.
RU'BIA, from ruber, 'red.' R. Tincto'rnm sen
peregri'na seu aylrea'tria seu major, Erythrod'-
auum, Radix rubra, Byer'a Madder, Madder, (F.)
Garance. Family, Rubiaceae. Sex. Syat. Tetran-
dria Monogynia. The root of this plant — Rubia,
(Ph. U. S.) — has a bitterish, somewhat austere,
taste, and a slight, not agreeable, smell. They
were formerly considered deobstruent, detergent,
and diuretic.
RUBIG"INOIIS, Rnbigino'aua. from rubign.
rubiginia, 'rust.' (F.) Ronille. Rusty. Having
the colour of rust. An epithet given to the sputa
in certain cases of pneumonia.
RURTNUS VERUS, Anthrax.
RUBOR, Rubedo.
RUBRI'CA FABRI'LTS, from ruler, 'red.' A
red. heavy, earthy matter, formerly employed for
making drying plasters ; Hard Ruddle. Red Chalk.
Rubrica Sinop'ica. A heavy, compact, red-
dish earth : formerly used in diarrhoea.
RUBRIN, Haema'tin.
RUBUS AFFINIS, R. fruticosus; allied to
ruber, 'red.'
RrBU.s Arc'ttcus, Shrubby Strawberry, Bace(p.
Xorland'ico'.. Ord. Rosaceae. Sex. Syat. Ico-
sandria Polygynia. The fruit is recommended
by Linnai?us as possessing antiseptic, refrigerant,
and antiscorbutic qualities.
RUCKING
808
RUMINATION
RuBCS Batus, R. csesius.
KuBiTS CjE'sids, R. bdtiis, Dewheyry plant, (F.)
lioiiee bleiie. The fruit resembles the blackberry
ill appearance and properties. Tlie bark of the
root of R. Tiivia'Us seu Cnnmlen'Hia seu procnm'-
lic.iis seu flot^elld'ris, American Dewheny, Low
llhivkben-i), is astringent.
IliiBi'S Canadensis, see R. etesius.
RuBUS CHAMi«:Mo'iius, Ckntdhtn-ij Tree, Chn-
incBiiiii' run, C. N^oriveyica, Chiiniadryn, Cloiid-
heiries, Knot-herries, (F.) Roiice de Jfoiita</iie.
The ripe fruit is sometimes prepared like a jam,
and used in fevers, &c., to allay thirst. It has
been much extolled as an antiscorbutic.
RuBus Flagellabis, see R. caesius — r. Fram-
boesianus, R. idseus — r. Frondosus, R. fruti-
cosus.
RuBtJS Frutico'suS, R. affi.'nia seu panicuhi'-
fiiH seu in'ger seu frondi/sus seu viihjit'ris; Com-
iiion liniDible, which affords Blackberries, (Prov.)
Jlrnmbleberries, Btimblekitea, (F.) Roiice iiaire.
The berries are eaten as a summer fruit, of which
they form a poor variety. The bark of the root
of the Rnbns villo'ens, American Blackberry, ffif/h
or utandiiii/ blackberry. Hairy Amerieati Bramble,
is astringent and has been used in the last stages
of dysentery, and in cholera infantum.
llUBUS iDyE'us, R.framboenia'nns, Batns: Rasp-
berry, (F.) Framboine, Ronce. The fruit of the
best varieties — (Sc.) Rasps, (Prov.) Hindberries
— is extremely agreeable; and is much used. It
was, formerly, called Batiuon moron.
RuBUS NiGRU, R. fruticosus — r. Occidentalis,
see R. strigosus — r. Paniculatus, R. fruticosus —
r. Procumbens, see R. offisius.
Rl'Biis Strigo'siis, Wild red raspberry, of the
United States. The leaves are often used as a
mibl astringent, as well as those of Rubua occi-
dentalis, niack Rasp'berry.
RdBUS Trivialis, see Rubus cassius — r. Vil-
losus, see Rubus fruticosus — r. Vulgaris, R. fru-
ticosus.
RUCKING, Eructation.
RUCTAMEN, Eructation.
RUCTATIO, Eructation.
RUCTUATIO. Eructation.
RUCTUOSITAS, see Eructation.
RUCTUS, Eructation — r. Acidus, Oxyregmia
— r. Nidorosus, Cnissoregmia.
UUDBECK'IA LACINIA'TA, Cone flower,
Thind/le weed; indigenous: Order, Compositie ;
is diuretic, and has been given in nephritic affec-
tions.
RUDDLE, HARD, Rubrica fabrilis.
RUDIMEN'TAL, Rndlmenta'lis, (F.) Rndi-
wr-ntaire, from rndime>\fiim, 'the first beginning.'
That wliieh is l>ut slightly developed.
RUDOLPIIIA FRONDOSA, Butea frondosa.
RUE, Riita — r. Common, Ruta — r. de Chevre,
fialega officinalis— r. Goat's. Galega oiBcinalis —
r. (loat's, Virginia, Galega Virginiana — r. Mea-
dow, Thalictron — r. des IJnrailles, Aspleniuna
ruta miiraria — r. des Pres, Thalictron — r. Sau-
va(/e, Ruta.
RUELLES, Wrinkles.
RUFT, Eructation.
RUGA, AVrinkle.
RIIOTNE, Raspatorium.
RUGrSSE.VE.yT, Rugitus,
RUGI'TUS, Bryeheth'mns, from riigire, rvgi-
tiim. 'to roar.' (F.) Riigissement. A Latin word,
which ordinarily expresses the roaring of the lion :
and which is used, by some medical writers, to
designate a particular species of borborygmus
compared to it.
RUGOSE, Wrinkled.
RUGOUS. Wrinkled.
RUM, Tajia, Spir'ilus Jamaiceu'sis, Molaa'sea
Spirit, (F.) Rhiim. A s])irit distilled from sugar,
or molasses. See Spirit.
RUJIA, Mamma.
RUMEN, Ilypogastriuin, Ingluvies.
RUMEX ACETOSELLA, Slurp Sorrel, Field
Sorrel ; indigenous ; has similar virtues.
Rl-MEX AcETo'sus, R. tubero'sus scu inter-
me'dins, Lap'othum pratenae, Ox'ulia Aceto'sii,
Acetoaa vnUja'ris seu praten'aia seu nostras,
Anax'yris, A. arven'sis. Sour dock. Sorrel, Com-
mon Sorrel, (Sc.) Docken, (F.) Oseille, Viiiette,
Aiijrette, tSnrelle. Ord. Polygonacea). Sex. Syal,
Ilexandria Trigynia. The leaves are sour, and
are used in cookery, and also ns a refrigerant.
R I'M EX Acu'tI'S, Sliarp-poiuted Wild dock,
Oxylap'athnni, Lap'atlnim, L. sylves'tre scu (((Wi'-
tnm, Rnincv, R. paliido'siia seu j)i(sil'lua, Liip'a-
tlios, (F.) Patience sauvage. A decoction of
the root has long been used in cutaneous affec-
tions. It is, sometimes, employed for the euro of
the itch.
RuMEX iETNENSis, R. scutatus.
Rum EX Alpi'niis, Acelo'sa Alpi'na. The sys-
tematic name of the plant that affords the Monk's
Rhnbarb, (F.) Rhabarbe des Moines. See Rumex
patientia.
Rlmex Aquaticits, Rumex hydrolapathurn —
r. Britannica, Rumex hydrolapathurn — r. Con-
fertus, R. patientia — r. Digynus, Oxyria reniformis
' — r. Glaucus, R. scutatus — r. llastatus, R. scuta-
tus— r. Ilastifolius, R. Scutatus.
Rumex Hyduolap'athum, Water-Dock, (Old
Eng.) Brokeleak, Nydrolapathnin, Rnmex aijiiat'-
icns seu Britan'nica, Ilerba Britan'uica, Liip'ii-
thiim aqtiat'icum, (F.) Parelle, Patience d'eau.
The leaves of this plant are subacid, and said to
be laxative. The root has been used as a tonic,
astringent, and antiscorbutic. It has also been
employed externally in some cutaneous affections.
Rumex Intermedius, R. acetosus.
Rumex Obtusifo'liuS, Lap'alhnm syhestre,
Blunt-leaved Dock, Bitter dock. The root of this,
as well as of R. Cuisi'us, Curled, or Sour, or
Yellow, has similar virtues to those of the other
species. Both have been used in decoction in the
same cases as sarsaparilla.
Rumex Oxyotus, R. scutatus — r. Faludosus,
R. acutus.
Rumex Patjen'tia, R. confer'tns, Lap'alhum
horten'se, Rhabar'harum monaeho'rum, Hippolap'-
athiim, Patien'tia, Garden Patience, Monk's Rhu-
bnrh, (F.) Patience, Rhuharbe saurage, Parelle.
This root, which is supposed to possess the vir-
tues of rhubarb, but in an inferior degree, is, ac-
cording to Linna>us, obtained from the Rumex
patientia ; according to Murray, from the Rumex
alpi'nns.
RuMRx Prsii.Lus, R. acutus.
Rumex Sanguin'eus. The root of the bloody
dock or bloody veined Dock, has an austere and
astringent taste; and has been employed in dys-
entery. It is called, also, Lap'athum snuguiu'eum,
(F.) Oseille ou Patience Rouge, Sangdriigon.
Rumex Scuta'tus, R. glancus seu hasti/o'liua
seu jEtnen'sis SCU oxyotus seu hasta'tns, Aceto'aa
rotundifo'lin seu Roma'iia seu Rotundifolia Itor-
ten'sis seu scuta' tn, Lap'athum acuta' turn seu ro-
tundlfo'lia, Roman or Garden Sorrel, Green
Sauce, French Sorrel, (F.) Oseille boucher. Oseille
ronde. Petite 0. Virtues the same as those of
the common sorrel.
Rumex Tubrtiosus, R. acetosus.
RUMINA'TION, Rumina'tio, from rumn or
rumen, ' the gullet.' Merycis'mus. A function
peculiar to ruminating animals, by which they
chew a second time the food they have swal-
lowed. An analogous phenomenon is sometimes
seen in man. One who ruminates is in French
merycole.
RDMMET
809
S A BURR A
RUMMET, Pityriasis.
IIUMI', ('loii/jon — r. Bone, Coccyx.
KUXCIIKS, Siiiapls nrvcnsis.
lUINClNA, Kas|)iit..riuin.
HUXC INULA, Hnspatoriuin.
11 [INK ILL, Wrinkle.
KL'NKLE, Wrinkle.
KUN.NKr, lleniiet.
KUNNINli, Ciinfiin, (F.) Course. A succession
of leapii. executed with rapidity, to transport the
body quii.-kly from one place to another.
Running, Rennet.
RUNSII, Sinapis arvensis.
RU NUNC [J LA, Riispiitorium.
RIJPKS, Lips of the Vulva. See Lip.
RU'IMA, Jiliijpia, Ulcus aton'icioii, Ecphly'sis
J{lii/'/i>ii, /ilii/p(t'iia, from' pvnoi. 'filth.' An erup-
tion of lari^e fliittish blebs, which contain a fluid
— at first serous, afterwards puriform, and often
bloody, which rapidly concretes into crusts, at
the base of which are ulcers of variable depths.
It requires the use of tonics internally, and of
etiinuhiting ointments externally.
RtiPlA Eschahot'ica, Pciii'phigus infan'tUh
sou (jaiKjimud'sHs ; known in Ireland under the
names — white hllstefs, eatiiuj hive and burnt holes.
An affection, which bears a close similarity to
pemphigus, particularly in the absence of a
thick rii<,'()US crust, whilst in its chief feature,
that of ulceration, it evidently belongs to Rupia.
RUPTILILITAS, Fragilitas.
RUI'TIO, Rhexis.
RUPTOIIIUM, Cauterium— r. Commune, Po-
tiissa fusa.
R U P T U R A , Ecrexis, Hernia, Laceration,
Khexis — r. CornciP, Ceratorrhexis — r. Ilerniosa,
Hernia — r. Ovarii, Oariorrhexis — r. Uteri, Uterus,
rupture of the — r. Vnginas, Colporrhexis.
RUPTURE, Hernia, Rhexis — r. dii Caeur,
Cardiorrhexis — r. of the Groin, Bubonocele — r.
do In Mdtrice, Uterus, rupture of the — r. Wort,
Herniiiria glal)ra.
RUPTURED, see Hernial.
RUSCUS, It. aculeii'tus, Brtiseus, Ox\jmyr' -
rhine, O.ri/mi/r'siiie, Jlfi/rtncmi'tha. Cntaii'gelos,
J\li/aciiii'lh(i, Sco'pia re'<ji(i. Wild Mi/rtle, Centro-
vii/r'itie, Butcher's liroom, (Prov.) Kiiee-holly, (F.)
Petit hoii.r, Fra<ji>n. Ord. Sinilaceae. Sex. iSi/ft.
Dioecia Monadelphia. The root has been recom-
mended as an aperient and diuretic.
Ruscus AcuLEATUs, Ruscus.
Ruscus HypoGLOs'snM, Uvxda'rta, Hypoglos-
SHiii, llippoijloHs'iim, Disliii'tpia, Boiii/a'cia, Lau-
rits Alexuiidri'iifi nngiistifu'liu, (F.) Laurier Aleu--
aitdrin, Latujiie de cheval. Formerly used against
relaxed uvula.
RUSH, SWEET, Acorus calamus, Juncus odo-
ratus.
RUSMA, see Orpinient.
RUSPIXI'S STYPTIC, see Styptic, Ruspini's.
Rusfi'.Ni's TiNCTtJUE FOR THE Teeth. An em-
pirical preparation, composed of Florentine orris
^viij, clores ^j, rectified spirit Oij, ambergris Qj.
KUT, Heat.
RUTA, 'fivTri, R. gran' eolens seu Tiorten'sis seu
(il'teru, Peg'ttnnm, Besu'sn, Common Rue, (F.) Rue,
Rhue, Rne saiivugc, Ilerbe de grace ; Ord. Ruta-
cese. Sex. Sj/st. Decandria Monogynia. The
plant has a strong, ungrateful odour, and bitter
pungent taste. It is acrid, so as to blister the
skin. Its proyierties are reputed to be tonic,
stimulant, antispasmodic, and emmenagogue.
Dose, gr. xv toj^ij. The leaves are ofiBcinal —
Riiia. (Ph. U. S.)
Oleum Rnta, distilled Oil of Rue, is antispas-
modic ; and, externally, rubefacient. Dose, gtt.
ij to vj.
RuTA Altera, Ruta — r. Capraria, Galega oflS-
cinalis — r. (Jravoolens, Ruta— r. Hortensis, Ruta
— r. Muraria, Asplenium ruta muraria.
RUTABULUM, Penis.
RUTA'CEUi\I,from Rnto, 'rue.' Vinegar of rue.
RUTIDOMA, see Kutidosis.
RUTIDO'SIS, Ripido'sis, Rht/tido'sis, from
■pvTiboui, 'I wrinkle.' The act of wrinkling; as
Rntido'mn means a shrivelled or wrinkled body.
A destruction or atrophy of the eye. Corruga-
tion and subsidence of the cornea.
RUYSCHIA'NA TU'NICA, (F.) Lame ou
iMend/rane Rni/schieiiiie. According to Ruysch,
and the greater part of his disciples, the choroid
coat of the eye is formed of two laminie. His
son gave to the inner the name Tunica Ruyschi-
a'na or Mcmhra'ua Riii/schia'na seu Ruijuch'ii.
Tu'nicn Celhdo'sa Ruyschiu'na is the areolar
substance nnder the peritoneal covering of the
stomach. It is not numbered among the coats
of that organ.
RYE. Sccale — r. Horned, Ergot — r. Robhin's,
Polvtriebum juniperinuiH — r. Spurred, Ergot.
liYTIDOSIS, Rutidosis.
RYTIS, Wrinkle.
s.
S. A. Ac, see Abbreviation.
SAACt, Urine.
SABADILLA, Veratrum sabadilla, see Vera-
trina.
SABADILLIN, see Veratrina.
SABATILLA, Veratrum sabadilla.
S.VBISATIA, Chironia angularis — s. Angularis,
Chironia angularis.
SABINA, Juniperus sabina.
SAIUXK. Juniperus sabina.
S A ISLE, Jfacido'sus, 'sanded,' from sabulum,
'sand.' Having the appearance as if strewed
with sand. The terms snhlS and jnqueti are
Sometimes ap|died to the brain, when a slice of
it exhibits red points as if it had been strewed
with rod sand. Such is the case in cerebral hy-
peremia.
SATiOT DE VEXUS JAUXE, Cypripedium
luteuin.
SABUCUS, Sambucus.
SAB'ULOUS, Sabido'sus, Arenn'sus, Psammo'-
des, from sabidum, 'sand.' The sandy deposit
often seen in the urine.
SABULUM CONARII, see Pineal gland.
SABURA. Saburra.
SABUH'RA, Sabu'ra, Sordes. This word sig-
nifies, by derivation, 'coarse sand, or ballast.' In
its common acceptation, it means foulness of the
stinnach, i\s\i\s sometimes called j — vitiated mat-
ters supposed to be retained and accumulated in
the stomach — the result of imperfect digestion —
and which have been sometimes considered as a
morbid product of the mucous secretion of that
organ, or of the biliary secretion : at others, as a
residuum from alimentary substances badly di-
SABURRAL
810
SACCULUS
jjestecl. The Saburral state, OoUn'vies gns'tn'ca,
Cnidila'tes veiitric'iili, Gaatris'mua, (F.) Eiitbarraa
gnntriqiie, Etat ifihurrtd, is an accumulation of
sabuiTic in the stomach, (F.) Sahun-es t/nttHqiies,
which the Humourists considered to be the cause
of a number of diseases.
Sabitrra Vkrminosa, Helminthiasis.
SABUR'RAL, Sabtin-a'liii. Relating or apper-
taininsf to sabnrrae, — as the ' sabitrral state.'
SABURRATIO. Arenntio.
SABURHES GASTIUQUES, see Saburra.
SAC, see Sack — «. Herninire, Hernial sac —
s. of the Omentum, see Epiploon, gastro-hepatic.
SACCADE, see Respiration, jerking.
SACCATUS, Encysted.
SACCHAR, Saccharum.
SACCHARHYDROLE, Syrup.
SACCHARI FyEX, xMelasses.
SACCHARINA. S'U-chamlcx.
SAGCHARO-ALCOOLE, Ratafia.
SACCHAROLE LIQUIDE, Mellitum. Syrup
— «. Muu, Conserva, Electuarium — «. Solide, see
Pastel, and Tabella.
SACCFlAROLES(F.), Saccharl'im, from mc-
ch((rin», 'sugar.' A name given by MM. Henry
and Guibourt to medicines which have sugar or
honey for exci])ient. or for predominant principle.
M. Beral so calls an exact mixture of ])ulveri/.ed
sugar with other substances also in powder, but
in less quantity.
SACCHAROM'ETER, (F.) Sarchn-omkre,
P^ne-siidj). from sttcclniruii), 'sugar,'
and utrpov, 'measure.' A hydro-
meter adapted for determining the
density of syrups. The marginal
figure is graduated to Eaum6's scale.
See Areometer.
SACCHAROMYCES, Torula ce-
revisiae.
SACCHARORRHCEA, Glycyr-
rhoea — s. Cutanea, Sudor duleis.
Saccharoiuiuce'a Lac'tea, Gn-
lnctorrh(je'ii Hticcharri'ta. A secre-
tion of unusually sweet milk.
Sacchakouuiicea Pulmona'i.is,
Sputum dulce seu sncchtira'tum. The
copious expectoration of unusually
sweet matter from the lungs.
Sacchauohkiicea Urinosa, Dia-
betes mellitus.
SACCHARUM, Sacchar, caKxap,
from Arabic, or rather Sanscrit, Su-
knr, 'white earth ;' SucIkci; Siicchar,
Sutter, Ziichar, Zu'cnro, Ai'vakur,
Tigaln, Ziic'charum. Zozar, Zu'cha-
rnm, Zuc'carum, Zuchrn, 3fel arvn-
dina'ceum, Smjnr, (F.) Sucre. The
produce of the juice of Snc'charutn
oj/icina'riim seu officinnle of Lin-
naeus, Cnl'amus fn'dicus seu Snccha-
ri'nns, Sugar Cane, (F.) Caniie d
Sucre, Cannamelle ; Ariiii'do sac-
Saccharometcr. charif'era of Sloane ; Ord. Grami-
neae ; Sex. Si/it. Triandria Digynia,
and also of the beet, maple, Ac.
True Sui/am are those with which alcoholic
fermentation may be eflTected, by the addition of
yeast and water. They are : —
SjM
Varieties.
f Hard sugar of the cane, maple, beet,
I chestnut, &e.
f malt, of the
sses, honey, &c.
n ( Liquid sugar, sugar o
( sweet potato, melass(
„ f Hard sugar of the grape, ripe fruits,
I starch, diabetes, <fec.
4 Hard sugar of the mushroom
Imperfect sugarH are those in which alcoholio
fermentation canuot be effected by means of yeast
and water.
Species. Varieties.
1 Manna.
2 Sugar of Milk.
3 Sugar of jelly or glue.
4 Liquorice.
5 Picromel.
Sugar is prepared from the expressed juice of
the sugar-cane, boiled with the addition of (piick-
lime or common vegetable alkali. It is used, in
pharmacy, for the picpariition of syrups, con-
serves, lozenges, <tc. It is nutritious, and is em-
ployed as an aliment, and as a eutro])hic demul-
cent and antiseptic. Dissolved in small quantities
in water, as in tea, it is apt to disagree with dys-
peptics ; an evil which does not always occur
when the same substance is taken more largely.
Liver or Hepat'ic Sugar, (P.) Sucre du Fnie,
has been recently found to be a normal secretion
of the liver. It is more readily assimilated than
other varieties of sugar. See (ilucose.
Saccharum Acku'.niim, S. Canaden'se, Maple
Sugar, is often used as a demulcent.
Sac'chaiuim Album, S. purijica'tum, Sacrha-
rum (Ph. U. S.), Sal Indus, White Sugar, Rtjined
Sugar is the Loaf Sugar. Boublc-rcjiued Sugar
has been called Tabarxet.
Saccharum Amtminatum. Equal parts of
white sugar and alum, powdered. Used as a
styptic.
Sacchatium Can'didum, S caiidum seu caulum
seu cautlium, Al'phi'uic, Nnbnt, Sugar caudif. Su-
gar caiidian, {¥.) Sucre Candi, is the crystallized
juice of the cane.
Saccharum Candum, S. Candidum — s. Cantum,
S. Candidum — s. Canthum, S. Candidum — s.
Commune, Saccharum non-puritieatum.
Sacchahum Hoiini';A'TUM,Z?(-n7pi/ Sugar.(Vrov.)
Sugar barley, /'oildcK, I'enid'ium, Sac'cliarum
peuid'ium, is a variety of sugar candy.
Sacciiauum Lactip, Sugar of milk.
Saccharum No.v-Purifica'tum, Museova'dn,
raw, briiwu or moist sugar, is the ^S". cominu'ue,
S. rub)-u»i, 3[el cannm, or coarse nugar.
Saccharum Officinarum, see Saccharum — s.
Penidium, Hordeatum — s. Rosaccuin, Confectio
rosae gallicie — s. Saturni, Plumbi superacetas.
SA ecu A R URE, from saccharum, ' sugar.' A
medicine resulting from the intimate union of
sugar with the medicinal principles of alcohol or
ethereal tinctures. — Beral.
SACCULATED, Encysted.
SACCULATUS, Encysted.
SACCULI ADIPOSI, Fatty vesicles — s. Cha-
licophori, see Lacunae of Bone — s. Laryngei, Ven-
tricles of the larynx.
Sac'culi Medicina'les. Bags containing me-
dicinal substances.
Sacculi Medullaues, see Medullary mem-
brane.
SACCULUS, diminutive of saccus, 'a little
sac' This name has been given to two sacs
formed by the membranous vestibule, which open
into each other, and contain the otolithes and
otocouies : one of these is termed the saccidus
vestib'uli, the other sacculus. See Semicircular
canals.
Sacculus, Marsupion — s. Cephalicus, Cucn-
pha — s. Chylifer seu rorifer, Rcceptaculum chyli
— s. Cordis, Pericardiutn — s. EUipticus, see Semi-
circular canals — s. Lactiferus, see Lactiferous
vessels.
Sac'culus Laryn'ois. A caeeal pouch, of
variable size, formed by the mucous membrane
in the ventricles of the larynx. — Ililton.
SACCUS
811
SACROLUMBAR
SAf-ornTS Medicinalis, Pulvinar medicatuin
— !■. S|)hericus, see Seiiiicirculiir canals — s. Vesi-
cal, see Bladder, sacculated — s. Vestibuli, Semi-
circular canals, see Sacculus.
SACCUS, Sac — s. Coli, Cfecum — s. Cordis,
Pericardium — s. Ilerniosus, Hernial sac — s. Epi-
ploicus. Epiploon — s. Intestini crassi, CEecum —
B. Lacryinaiis, Lachrymal sac — s. Lacrumalis,
Lachrymal sac — s. Lacteus, Receptaculum chyli
— s. Mucosus, see Bursas mucosa) — s. Peritonaii
retro-ventrioularis, see Epiploon, gastro-bepatic
— s. Pleura;, Pleura — s. Venarum cavarum, Sinus
dexter cordis — s. Venarum puluionalium, Sinus
pulmonalis.
SACEIl, Sacral — s. Ignis, Herpes isoster — s.
Morbus, Epilepsy — s. Musculus, Transversalis
dorsi.
SACERDOTIS PENIS, Arum raaculatum.
SAVlIliJT (P.), Sac'cnlua, 'a little sac' A
small bag containing perfumes to be placed among
clothes to communicate to them an agreeable
odour. The following is a formula for the pow-
der they contain. Powdered cloves and powdered
caam'a, each one ounce; powdered orris root, an
ounce and a half; powdered yellow saiuUd wood,
one drachm; otto of roses, twenty-four drops; oil
of Idveitder, oil of herijninot, each one drachm;
musk, six grains. A scent-bag.
SACK, (F.) Sec, 'dry.' A dry wine used by
our ancestors ; Viii sec. VrohahXy Sherry.
Sack, Saccua, Secluso'riuin; Sax. rac. A bag
or pouch.
Sack, Her'niAL, Snccns henn'o'sus, (P.) Snc
hernidire. An envelope or pouch, formed by the
serous membrane of the cavity, whence a viscus
has escaped. We distinguish, in a hernial sac,
its orifice or the opening by which it communi-
cates with the great cavity lined by the serous
membrane: its cervix or neck, (F.) Collet, the
narrow portion on the outside of the orifice,
where strangulation sometimes occurs : the body,
(F.) Corps, which is the round prominent part;
and the fundus or bottom, — the part opposite to
the orifice.
Sack Posset; from sack, 'the wine,' and pos-
set. A posset made of sack, milk and other in-
gredients.
Sack, Serous. The shut cavity formed by
any serous membrane, as by the pleura or perito-
neum.
Sack Whkv, Wine Whey.
SACRAD, see Sacral aspect.
SACRA FISTULA. Vertebral column.
SACRAL, Sacer. (F.) Sacre. That which be-
longs or relates to the sacrum. A name given to
several parts.
Sacral Arteries are distinguished into, 1.
The (interior or middle sacral. Median Artery of
the Sacrum of Chaussier, which arises from the
posterior part of the abdominal aorta, in front of
the 4th lumbar vertebra. It descends, in a ser-
pentine manner, upon the sacro-vertebral articu-
lation, and on the anterior surfiice of the sacrum.
It furnishes many lateral branches, which unite
with the lateral sacral arteries, and enter the an-
terior sacral foramina, to be distributed to the
membranes of the marrow, itc. 2. The lateral
sacral arteries, which are two in number; one on
each side. They arise from the hypogastric, from
the iliolumbar, or from the gluteal; and descend
before tlie anterior sacral foramina, anastomosing
in an arched manner, towards the coccj-x. with
the middle saoral. They give otf e;cternal and
posterior branches, which enter the sacral fora-
mina; and internal branches, which are distri-
buted to the pyraniidalis, sacrum, Ac.
Sachai, Aspkct. An aspect towards the region
where the sacrum is situated. — Barclay. Sacrad
is used by the same writer adverbially to signify
'towards the sacral aspect.'
Sacral Extrejiitiks. The lower limbs.
Sacral Grooves, (F.) Gonttieres sacrSes. Two
longitudinal excavations, slightly marked, at the
posterior surface of the sacrum ; which appear to
terminate the vertebral grooves or gutters.
Sacral Nerves, (F.) A'^erfs aacres, are gene-
rally six in number. They arise from the termi-
nation of the spinal marrow. The first, united
with the great cord which descends from the
lumbar plexus, concurs with the three others in
the formation of the sacral or sciatic plexus. The
third and fourth, with branches of the great
sympathetic, from the hypogastric plexus. The
fifth and sixth {coccy<je'al nerre) are distributed
to the ischio-coccygeus muscle, and to the sphinc-
ter and levator ani.
Sacral Plexus, Seint'ic plexus, — the aacnd
portion of the crural plexus of Chaussier, con-
stituted as just mentioned, is situate in front nf
the pyramidalis. It gives off, backwards, two
branches, called the pudic, (F.) honteux, and the
lesser sciatic. It terminates in the great sciatic
nerve.
SACRE, Sacral.
SACRO, in composition, relating or belonging
to the sacrum.
SACROCOCCYGE'AL, Sacro-coccyge'us. Re-
lating to the sacrum and coccyx.
Sackococcyge'al Articula'tion is that of
the lower extremity of the sacrum vpith the su-
perior/r(ce«e of the coccyx. It is closed by two
ligaments; — an anterior a,ni!i a posterior aacro-
coccyqeal.
SACROCOSTALIS, Sacro-lumbalis— «. Femo-
ral, GlutiEus major.
SACROCOXAL'GIA, from sacro, coxa, 'the
hip,' and aAyoj, 'pain;' a hybrid term. Some
authors have called thus a rheumatic afi'eetion of
the sacro-iliac symphysis.
SACROIL'IAC, Sacro.ili'acus. That which
relates to the sacrum and ilium.
Sacroiliac Articula'tion, Sym'physis or
Synchonduo'sis, Ilio-sacral articula'tion, sym-
physis or synchondrosis, is the union of two sur-
faces ; — two inclined planes, broader above than
below; one formed by the sacrum, the other by
the ilium. Both surfaces are incrusted by an
articular cartilage. The bands which strengthen
them are the two sacro -sciatic liynments, the
sacrospinal, a sacro-iliac ligament, and some ir-
regular fibres. The sacro-iliac ligament is a very
thick assemblage of short, dense, irregular fibres,
occupying the space which the sacrum and ilium
leave between them, behind their articular sur-
face. Some authors have termed some irregular
fibres, situate in front of the sacro-iliac articula-
tion, anterior sacro-iliac ligaments, in opposition
to the preceding fasciae, which they cM posterior
sacro-iliac.
SACROiSCHIATICUS, Sacro-sciatic.
SA CR OL OMRA IRE, Sacro-lumbalis.
SACROLUM'BAR,^S'«c;-o-Zi(m6a7/s,,S'<rcro-7om-
baire. That which belongs to the sacrum and
loins.
SACROLU.AfBAR, Sacro-lumba'lis, Saero-himba'-
ris Muscle, Sacro-costa'lis, Dorao-trache'lian por-
tion of the Sacrospinal of Chaussier, (F.) Lombo-
costo-trachelien, Sacro-lombaire. is seated at the
posterior part of the trunk ; is thick and triangu-
lar below; flat and thin in the remainder, and
terminates in a point at its upper extremity. It
is attached to the posterior surface of the sacrum ;
to the corresponding portion of the crista ilii ; to
the extremities of the transverse processes of the
lumbar vertebra; ; to the angles of the eleven in-
ferior ribs ; to the tuberosity of the first, and the
SACROSCIATIC
12
SAGITTAL
posterior tubercle of the transverse processes of
the last live cervical vertebrae. The saero-lutn-
biilis straightens the vertebral column when bent
forwards, and maintains it straight. By means
of its insertion into the ribs, it can elevate or de-
press these bones, according as it contracts from
above to below, or from below to above. It acts,
consequently, sometimes as an inspiratory, at
others as an expiratory muscle.
From six or eight of the lower ribs arises an
equal number of fleshy portions, which terminate
at the inner side of this muscle, and are called
Jfiis'cnli Accefisor'ii seu Addltnmen'tum ad Sacro-
luiiibfi'leiii, (F. ) Accessnires dii Sacro-lomhnire.
From the upper part of the sacro-lumbalis, a
fleshy slip, called Cerv>ca'lin desceii'dens, Cervi-
cnh's descendens Diemerhroeck'ii, Transversa' lis
cdUaterii'lis colli, Accesso'rius ad Sacro-liimba-
him, (F.) Trnnsversaire giele, runs up, to be fixed
to the transverse processes of the fourth, fifth,
and sixth cervical vertebra?, by three distinct
tendons. These last parts, though separated by
some anatomists, belong to the sacro-lumbalis.
SACROSCIAT'IC, Sacro-ischiat'icus. That
which belongs to the sacrum and ischium.
Sacrosciatic Ligaments are two ligaments,
which assist in securing the sacro-iliac articula-
tion. The yreat or posterior sncro-sciatic lif/a-
rnent extencls from the crista ilii and the sides
of the sacrum and coccyx to the tuberosity of the
ischium. The less or anterior sacrosciatic liga-
ment arises from the same point, and terminates
in the spine of the ischium.
SACROSPINAL, Dorso-trachelian portion of
the sacro-luinbalis.
SACROSPINA'LIS. That which relates to
the sacrum and spine. Under this name, Chaus-
sier describes the sacro-lumbalis, longissimus
dorsi, transversalis, transverso-spinalis, and in-
tertransversalis muscles. He divides it into three
portions. ^
SA CR OTRO OH A NTER TEN, Pyramidalis.
SACROVERT'EBRAL, Sacro-vertebra'lis.
That which relates to the sacrum and the ver-
tebrae.
Sacrovertebral Articulation is the junc-
tion of the last vertebra of the loins with the
sacrum. The angle which these two bones form
at the anterior part has been called the Prom'on-
tory of the Sacrum, or the Sacro-vertehral Angle.
Sacrovertebral Ligament is a strong ligu-
ment, which passes from the anterior part of each
of the transverse processes of the last lumbar
vertebra to be attached to the base of the sacrum.
Its use is to maintain the articulation of those
two bones in situ.
SACRUM, Os sacrum seu hasila're seu Alagas
seu latum seu clun'ium, Lus, Luz, Ver'tehra
magna, Alhagiazi, Hi'eron ost'eon, Clunis, Sub-
ver'tebra, Subver'tebrum, Vet'ula; from sacer,
'sacred;' because it contributes to protect the
genital organs, which were considered sacred, or
because it was ofi'ered in sacrifice. The bone,
which forms the posterior part of the pelvis, and
is a continuation of the vertebral column. The
SMcrum is symmetrical and triangular, situate at
the posterior part of the pelvis, and concave an-
teriorly. It has, — 1. A pelvic or anterior surface,
which corresponds to the pelvic cavity, and has
f<iur transverse furrows, that point out the parts
where the primitive portions of the bone were
separated from each other. On each side there
are four foramina, called anterior sacral ; these
Jive oblique, and decrease in size, from above
downwards. Through them pass the anterior
branches of the sacral nerves. 2. A spinal or
posterior surface, which is convex, rough, and
covered by muscles. Upon the median line are
four horizontal, tubercular eminences, forming a
continuation of the spinous processes of the ver-
tebrae; and below, a triangular notch, where tlio
sacral canal terminates. On each side of the sur-
face are four foramina, called posterior sacral,
which are smaller than the anterior, and give
passage to the posterior branches of the sucral
nerves. 3. The vertebral surface or base. Its
greatest extent is transversely. It is articulated
with the last lumbar vertebra. On it is seen tho
orifice of the sacral canal, of a triangular shiipe,
which decreases in width from above downward;
terminates the vertebral canal ; is lined by a pro-
longation of the cerebral membranes; contains
the fasciculi of the sacral nerves; couumiuicatcs,
externally, by the sacral foramina; and termi-
nates at the triangular notch on the posterior
surface of the bone. At the sides of the upper
orifice of the sacral canal are two articuhir pro-
cesses, which receive the articuhir processes of
the last lumbar vertebra. The projection, formed
by the union of the base of the sacrum with the
last lumbar vertebra, is called the Prom'ontorxj,
Fromonto'rium Ossis Sacri, Great Angle of the
Sacrum or Sacro-vertebral Angle. 4. A coccygeal
face or apex, (F.) Face coceygienue ou Soniinet,
which is very narrow, and is articulated with the
coccyx. 5. Two lateral margins, which have,
above, a broad, oblique surface, articulated with
the ilium.
The sacrum is developed by 30 to 36 points of
ossification.
SADDLE, TURKISH, Sella Turcica.
S^PES, Sepes.
SAFFLOW, Carthamus tinctorius.
SAFFLOWER, Carthamus tinctorius.
SAFFRON, Crocus — s. Bastard, Carthamus
tinctorius — s. Dyers', Carthamus tinctorius.
Saffron Flower, Carthamus tinctorius.
Saffron, Meadow, Colchicum autumnale.
SAFRAN BaTARD, Carthamus tinctorius,
Colchicum autumnale — «. des Indes, Curcuma
longa — 8. de Mars api&ritif, Ferri subcarbonas —
8. de Mars astringent, Colcothar — «. des Pres,
Colchicum autumnale — s. Racine de, Curcuma
longa.
SAFRANUM, Carthamus tinetorius.
SAFRE, Smalt.
SAGA, Sago.
SAGAPE'NUM, Sag'apin, Serajii'non, (F.)
Gomme seraphique. A gum-resin, supposed to
be obtained from the Fer'ula Per'sica. Ord.
Umbellifcrge. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia.
Its odour is fetid and alliaceous ; taste pungent,
bitterish, nauseous. It is in small, agglutinated
masses of a yellow colour; tenacious; breaking
with a horny fracture. It is a reputed antispas-
modic and emmenagogue. Dose, gr. x to ^ss.
SAGAPIN, Sagapenum.
SAGE, Salvia — s. Indian, Eupatorium perfo-
liatum — s. Jerusalem, Pulmonaria.
Sage Tree, Lantana.
Sage, Wild, Salvia Africana, S. Lyrata.
SAGE-FEMME, Midwife.
SAGENA, Epiploon.
SAGESSE DES CHIRURGIENS, Sisym,
brium Sophia.
SAGIMEN VITRI, Soda, subcarbonate of.
SAGIT'TAL, Sagittu'lis, Sagitta'tus, from
sagitta, ' an arrow.'
Sagittal Furrow, Sagittal Groove, (¥.) Gout-
tiere sagittale, is a channel on the median line of
the inner surface of the skull-cap. It is exca-
vated in the os frontis, in the two parietal and
occipital bones, and extends from the crista galli
to the internal occipital protuberance. It lodges
the longitudinal sinus, which has been called the
sagittal sinjts.
Sagittal Suture, Obelce'a siitu'ra seu Raphe,
Sutura Virija'ta seu juga'lis seu Rubdoi'det,
SAGITTARIA VARIABILIS 813
SAL
RhthilnV den, Hhahda'des, lihabdo'ideiis seu Bi-
pnrietu'lis seu [iiterpiirie.tn'iiH. The suture which
unites the two pariotul bones, and which extends,
from before to behind, on the median line, from
the coronal suture to the lambdoidal. It is so
called, from vaijiitn, 'an arrow,' because it seems
to meet the coronal suture as an arrow meets the
string of a bow.
SAGITTA'RIA VARIAB'ILIS. From aa-
gittn, 'an arrow,' owing to the prevalent form of
the leaves. Arrowhead, Arrowlenf, Arrow iveed,
IVupfi'n of Oregon; Nnt. Ord. AlismaceaD. Escu-
lent, yielding fecula like arrow-root. The roots
are cooling and sub-astringent, and are at times
applied to the foet in cases of yaws and dropsical
swellings of the legs. The leaves are applied to
the breasts to dispel milk.
SAGITTA'RIUM ALEXIPIIAR'MACUM,
Midac'ctB radix, Caitiia lii'dica, Ariin'do Iiidica.
A root cultivated in the West Indies, and sup-
posed to be a remedy for wounds by poisoned
arrows.
SAGITTATUS, Sagittal.
SAGO, S<i'jiiH, Saga, Saga, Segii, Am'i/lnm pnl-
ma'ceuni, (F.) Sngmi, Sagiie. A fecula, obtained
from the pith of the Sugns riiniph'ii, Ci/caa circi-
na'li't, G. revidn'ta, <fec., growing in the Moluccas,
Philippine Isles, &c., and which is brought to us
in small grains. The same substance is, also,
obtained from the West Indies, but it is inferior
to that from the East. By boiling in water or
milk, sago becomes soft and transparent, and
forms an agreeable and nutritious food in febrile,
calculous, and other disorders. It is made pala-
table by sugar, lemon-juice, or wine, where the
last is not contra-indicated.
To make sago into a proper mucilage for the
sick, a tablespoonful of it should be macerated
in a pint of water fur two hours, and then boiled
for fifteen minutes, stirring assiduously. Care
must be taken, that the grains are perfectly dis-
solved by long boiling and constant stirring.
Sago pitHset is made by putting xago, ^^ij, into
water, Oij ; boiling until the mucilage is formed:
then rubbing sugar, ^ss, on the rind of a lemon,
and putting it with tincture of ginger, f^:^), into
eherr;/, Oss ; adding this mixture to the mucilage,
and boiling for five minutes. — It is a good resto-
rative.
Sago, FiiENcn, see Solanura tuberosum, and
Arrow-root, common — s. Portland Island, see
Arum maculatum.
SAGOU, Sago,
SAGU, Sago.
SAOUE, Sago — 8. Petit, see Solanum tube-
rosum.
SAGUERUS GOMUTO, see Toddy — s.
Rumphii, see Toddy — s. Saceharifer, see Toddy.
SAGUS. Sago — s. Rumphii, see Sago.
SAHARA, Insomnia.
SAIDSCHUTZ WATER, Seidsehutz water.
SAIGyf:n, Blood-lettlng— ». Spoliativc, Spo-
liativa phlebotomia.
SAlGXEMEXr DU NEZ, Epistaxis.
SAILORS, DISEASES. Ac, OF. Sailors, by
nature of their occupation, are liable to many
^diseases. Several of these may, however, be
warded oflf by proper attention to cleanliness and
ventilation.
SAIX IWIS, Daphne gnidium — «. Doux,
Adeps pra-paratus.
SAINT AMAND, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Sulphuretted waters, in the department of Du
Nord, France. They contain carbonic and sul-
phohydric acids. The /?"i(e or deposit contains
sulphOhvdric acid, and salts of iron and magne-
sia. Toniperature, f>\° to S2° Fahr.
SAINT ANTHONVS FIRE. Erysipelas.
SAINT AUGUSTINE, CLIMATE OF. This
sea-port of Florida is a frequent retreat during
the winter season for the valetudinarian from the
more northern parts of the United States. The
climate is certainly comparatively mild and equa-
ble; but it is liable to frequent north-east storms.
There are only a few days, however, in winter,
in which the invalid cannot take exercise in the
open air. Tampa Bay, and Pensacola, in Florida,
and Mobile, in Alabama, which are sometimes
visited by the consumptive, are less liable to the
storms in question.
SAINT CATHERINE'S SPRINGS, see Cana-
da, Mineral waters of.
SAINT CHARLES'S ROOT, Carlo Sancto
(Radix).
SAINT CROIX, Santa Cruz.
SAINT JAMES'S WORT, Senecio Jacobaa,
Thlaspi bursa.
SAINT JOHN'S DANCE, see Mania, dancing.
— St. John's Wort, Hypericum perforatum.
SAINT KITTS, see West Indies.
SAINT LEONARD'S, CLIMATE OF. This
place, which is situate about a mile to the west-
ward of Hastings, in Sussex, England, is less shel-
tered than it, and is therefore a less favourable
retreat, during the winter months, for the phthi-
sical valetudinarian.
SAINT MYON, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Some cold, acidulous waters at Saint Myon, nea^
Riom, in the department of Puy-de-D6me. They
contain free carbonic acid, subcarbonate of soda,
chloride of sodium, and carbonate and sulphate
of lime.
SAINT NKCTAIRE, MINERAL WATERS
OF. Springs in the department of Puy-de-D6me,
France. They contain carbonic acid, bicarbonate
of soda, and chloride of sodium. Temperature,
75° to 103° Fahr.
SAINT PARDAUX, MINERAL WATERS
OF. Chalybeate springs in the department of Al-
lier. France. The_v contain carbonic acid and iron.
SAINT SAUVEUR, MINERAL WATERS
OF. Sulphurous waters in the department of
IIaufes-Pyren6es, France. Temperature, 76° to
93° Fahr.
SAINT VINCENT'S, see West Indies.
SAINT VITUS'S DANCE, Chorea, see Ma-
nia, dancing — s. Vitus's Dance of the Voice,
Balbuties.
SAIR. Ulcer.
SAIRE, Kssera.
SAL, Salt — s. Absinthii, Potassae subcarbonas,
see Potash — s. Acetosella?, Potass, oxalate of —
s. Acetosns ammoniaealis. Liquor ammoniic ace-
tatis — s. Acidum benzoes, Benjamin — s. Aeratus,
see Potassfo carbonas — s. Albus, Soda, muriate of
— s. Alembroth, Alembroth salt — s. Alkali, Soda,
subcarbonate of — s. Alkalinus fixus fossilis, Soda
— s. Ainarum, Magnesiie sulphas — s. Ammoniac,
volatile, Ainmoniie carbonas — s. Ammoniacuni,
.Aiiimoni* murias — s. Ammonincum martiale,
Ferruni ainmoniatum — s. Ammoniacum secretuni
Glauberi, AmmonitP sulpba.s — s. Ammoniacum
tartareura, Ammoniip tarfras — s. Ammoniacum
vegetabile, Liquor ammoniise acetatis — s. Ammo-
niacus nitrosus, Ammonia' nitras — s. Ainmoniits
Atnmoiiine murias — s. Anglicanum, Magnesia}
sulphas — s. Antiepilepticus of Weissraan, Cuprum
ainmoniatum — s. Antimonii. Antiraonium tarta-
rizatum — s. Ammoniacum, Ammoniae murias — s.
Armoniacum, Ammonia! murias — s. Artis, Alem-
broth salt — s. AsphaUitis, Bit noben— s. Cathar-
ticus amarus. Magnesias sulphas — s. Catliarticiis
Glauberi, Soda, sulphate of— s. Communis, Soda,
muriate of — s. Cornu cervi volatile, Ammoniie
carbonas — s. Culinaris, Soda, muriate of — s. Di-
gestivus Sylvii, Potassa; murias — s. Diuretieus,
PotassiB acetas — s. de Duobus, Potassa; sulphas
— s. Ebsdamense, Magnesi* sulphas — &. Euix-
SALAAM CONVULSION
814
SALIVARY
um, Potnssae supersulphns — s. Epsoraensis, Maj;-
resiaj sulphas — s. Essentiale Benzoes, Benjamin
— s. Essentiale corticis Peruviani, Quinine — s.
Fehrifiigus of Leiuery, Potassse supersulplias — s.
Febrifugus Sylvii, Potassa; miirias — s. Fontium,
Soda, muriate of — s. Fossilis, Soda, muriate of —
p. Fuliginis, Arnmoniae carbonas — s. Gemmae,
Soda, muriate of — s. Herbarum, Potassae subcar-
bonas — s. Indus, Saccharum album — s. Lixivi-
osutn, see Lixivium — s. Lueiduin, Soda, muriate
of — s. Marinus, Soda, muriate of — s. Martis,
Ferri sulphas — s. Martis Muriaticura sublima-
tuin, Ferrum ammoniatum — s. Mirabile perlatum,
Soda, phosphate of — s. Mirabilis Glauberi, Soda,
sulphate of — s. Muriaticum baroticum. Baryta,
muriate of — s. Nitrum, PotassiB nitras — s. Os-
sium, Ammonise carbonas — s. Panchrestum, Po-
tassx tartras — s. Petrae, Potassse nitras — s. Tar-
tarum, Potassa subcarbonas — s. Plumbi, Plumbi
superacetas — s. Polyohrestus, Potassae sulphas —
s. Polyehrestus Glaseri, Potassae sulphas cum
fulphure — s. Polychrestum Seignetti, Soda, tar-
trate of — s. Prunellae, Potassae nitras fusus sul-
phatis paucillo niixtus — s. Rupellensis, Soda, tar-
trate of — s. Sapientiae, Alembroth salt, Potassae
sulphas — s. Saturni, Plumbi superacetas — s.
Scientiae, Alembroth salt — s. Secretus Glauberi,
Ammoniae sulphas — s. Sedativus Hombergi, Bo-
racie acid — s. Sedlieensis, Magnesias sulphas —
s. Seignetti, Soda, tartrate of — s. Sennerti, Po-
tassae acetas — s. Seydschlitzense, Magnesiae sul-
phas— s. Sodae, Soda, subcarbonate of — s. So-
domenus, Bit noben — s. Succini, Succinic acid
— s. Tartari, Potassae subcarbonas, see Potash —
s. Tartari essentiale. Tartaric acid — s. Tartari
sulphuratum, Potassae sulphas — s. Urinae, Mi-
crocosmicum Sal — s. Urinosutn, Urea — s. Vege-
tabilis, Potassae tartras — s. Vitae, Alembroth salt
— s. Vitrioli, Zinci sulphas — s. Vitrioli narcoti-
cum, Boracic acid — s. Volatile, Ammoniae car-
bonas, Spiritus ammoniae aromaticus — s. Vola-
tile Benzoes, Benjamin — s. Volatile boracis, Bo-
racic acid — s. Volatile oleosum Sylvii, Spiritus
ammoniae aromaticus — s. Volatile succini. Suc-
cinic acid — s. Volatilis salis ammoniaci, Am-
moniae carbonas — s. Vomitorium vitrioli, Zinci
sulphas.
SALAAM CONVULSION, see Convulsion,
Salaam.
SALAB, Salep.
SALACITAS, Satyriasis — s. Vulvae, Nym-
phomania.
SALAD, CORN, Valeriana dentata.
SALAP, Salep.
SALCOMBE, (CLIMATE OF.) A small place
— the Montpelier of Iluxham — which is one of
the warmest spots on the S. W. coast of England,
and, therefore, in this respect adapted for the
phthisical invalid as a winter retreat.
SALEP, Saloop' (so pronounced.) Salab, Sa-
I'lp. The prepared bulb of the Orchis mns'culn
and other species of Orchis. The salep of Cach-
meve is from a species of Euloph'ia. Salep is in
Pinall, irregular, hard masses. In its composition
in relation to water, it is closely analogous to
tragacanth. It is possessed of similar virtues
■with sago, tapioca, &c. The mucilage is prepared
by dissolving the powdered salep in hot water,
with assiduous stirring, and adding to the solu-
tion sugar and milk.
Salep, Otaheite, Arrow-root.(Tabiti).
SALER'NUM, (SCHOOL OF.) An ancient
school of medicine at Salerno in Italy. It w.as
established by Charlemagne, in 802; and was the
first Christian university at which medicine was
taught. It was much celebrated, especially in
the 12th century. The work on hygiene, " De
Conservandd Vuletndine," which bears its name,
Las passed through several editions in various
languages. It is supposed to have been written
by John of Milan, in 1100, and is in Leonine
verses.
SALTCARTA, Lythrum salicaria.
SALICINE, see Salix.
SALICORNIA AKABICA, Ac, sec Soda.
SALINE', Sdli'iiiis, SKliiia'ciHH, Salni(te"i(lii»,
Siili'ttts, ^ulstis, Hitli'uus, Hdliiiy'riiH, 'iiA/ii'(i<.i,
Hdlicv'cies, iStili'noiis, from 8«^ That which con-
tains a salt, or has the properties of a salt.
Saline Dhaught or Mixtuue. This may be
made as follows: — Potass, carbdii. ^j, acid, cihic.
seu tartar, gr. xv sen siicc. liiiioii. recent. ^»s,
aqiKB i^vWy syrup. citjusviH ^j- M. Given in di-
vided doses as a febrifuge.
Saline Effervescing Draught or Mixtiiise
is made by adding a due proportion of either of
the acids above mentioned, or of lemon-juice, to
the proper proportion of the carbonate of soda or
potassa. About 25 grains of the acid saturate
IjO grains of the carbonate. See Powders, soda.
SALINES, see Kentucky, mineral waters of.
SALINOUS, Saline.
SALIS AMMONIACI FLORES, Ammonia)
carbonas.
SALITIO. Leap.
SALITUS, Saline.
SALIUM, Saliva.
SALIUNCA, Valeriana Celtica.
SALI'VA, Si'alon, Si'elon, Sialo'ma, Ptysma,
Pty'alon, Pty'elon, Sa'lium, Sputa'men, Spiita-
mcii'tiim, Sputum, Spittle, (Old. Eng.) Spnul,
(Prov.) Spoat. An inodorous, insipid, transpa-
rent, slightly viscid fluid ; secreted by the parotid,
submaxillary and sublingual glands, and poured
into the mouth by the ducts of Steno, AVharton,
and Rivinus; the use of which is to mix with the
alimentary bolus, and to serve in the process of
digestion. It is composed, according to Berxelius,
of 992-2 parts of water, 2-9 of a particular ani-
mal matter, soluble in water, and insoluble in al-
cohol, pty'dliji, priucip'ium saliva'le, mate' na
siaU'na, Ca'sein of the sali'va, Sal'ivary albu'-
men, of 1-4 of mucus, 1'7 of chlorides of potas-
sium and sodium, 0-9 of lactate of soda and ani-
mal matter, and 0'2 of soda.
SALIVA FLUXUS CIBO VISO, see Saliva-
tion.
SALIVAIRE, Anthemis pyrethrum, Salivary.
SALIVA L, Salivary.
SALIVANS, Sialagogue.
SALTVANT, Sialagogue.
SALIVARIS, Salivary — s. Ilcrba, Anthemis
pyrethrum.
SAL'IVARY, Saliva'rius, Saliva'ria, Sali'vo'-
sua, Sal.i'val, Sali'vous, from saliva, (F.) Salivaire.
That which belongs to the saliva.
Salivary Albumen, see Saliva — s. Calculi, see
Calculi, salivary.
Salivary Fis'tbl^u, Syalosyrin'geg, are such
as depend upon an accidental opening into the
excretory ducts of the salivary glands. FistulsB
are most commonly met with in the duct of Steno.
Salivary Glands, Secreting organs of the
saliva, Salival glands, are situate symmetrically,
to the number of four, on each side of the face.
Their form is very irregular, and their extent
varies according to individuals. Their excretory
ducts — Ductus Saliva' rii, (F.) Canaux ou Con-
duits saiivaires—carry the saliva directly into the
mouth, without pouring it into any intermediate
reservoir, as happens in the case of some of the
other glands. 'The salivary glands have been
distinguished into, — 1. The parotid ; 2. The sub-
maxillary; .3. The sublingual ; and 4. The ivtra-
lingual or lingual, seated at the inferior surface
of the tongue, where the mucous membrane forma
a fringed fold.
RALIVATIO
815
SALT
RALT\'ATIO, Salivation — s. Mercurialis, Sali-
viitioii, fiHTciirial.
SALIVA'TIOX. SdUmi'ilo, S. cal'uh,, Epiph'-
of'i jilyiillH'iimH, S'iii/ii'miis, Sputum Oris, SinV-
tirhiiH, S'ifliMmoH, Si'i/on-hie'a, Sluliize'miii, Phja-
lin'miiH^ I'tij'itiiHiii, F/nxiiH Holi'ia-, (F.) Flux tie
Jiiinelie, t'lnjc milivaire, Pti/iiliHiiie ; from Saliva.
A fiUfitTiibunilant scorction of s^aliva; ocea.-iioned
either locally, hy the use of irritating; inasticatories,
or uiiclor the influence of some cause which acts on
the whole economy, and especially of mercurial
])reparations. In this last case it is accompanied
hy a coppery taste in the mouth, by swelling of
the gums, and sometimes by looseness of the
teeth. Salivation may usually be diminished by
tiie use of astringents, laxatives, <fec.
Pti/dh'umiiii ticu'tiiH m/nip(ilhct'icHH, Saliva fluxus
ciho vino, Mouth waterlufj, the increased flow of
saliva produced by the sight, -smell, or thought
of agreeable food, is a species of ptyalism, as well
lis the PtyaliHnius acutuH meUi'tnu. Apoceno'sia
plipilix' lUUH m-ellitns, Dulce'do Sputato'rum, or
Swvv.l npiitle. In this, the saliva has a sweet or
umcilaginous taste.
Salivation, Mercu'riai., Saliva'tio merrn-
ria'lia, Slaloze'mia sen Ptij(ilis'7>iitii viercufiri'lia,
P. hydrart/yra'tuH, (F.) I'ttjaliaiue mercurici, Sali-
vnlioii mercttritlle. Salivation produced by mer-
cury. The stomatitis that accouxpanies it is
termed mercurial, Hydrar' <jyro-8tomati' tis, (F.)
Stoma tite iiiercurielle.
SA LfVA TION MERCUIUELLE, Salivation,
mercurial.
SALTVATUM, Sialagogue.
SALIVOSUS, Salivary.
SALIVOUS, Salivary.
SALIX. The Willow, I'tea, (Prov.) Salhf,
Snlhi-withy, (Sc.) Saucli, Snucjh, Willan, (F.)
Sdule. A genus of plants in the Linnsean system.
Old. Salicacese.
Salix Fiiag"ilis, S. pen'dula seu decip'iens
.sou nuiyr/dali'iin seu peraici/ti'lin seu linaselio'ua
si'u pippoph'ae/olia seu Trevirn'nii, or Crack wil-
hnv (Ph. D.) Salix Ai.TJA, .S". cceru'lca seu vitel-
ll'iia. or White willow (Ph. D. and Ph. U. S.), (F.)
Oaier. Salix Latifo'i.ia, or broad-leaved wil-
low. Salix Ca'prra, .V. Sphacela'ta sen tomeu-
in'aa, or Great round-leaved willow (Ph. L.)
Salix Pbntan'dria seu HERMAPHRoniT'icA.
Salix JIu'milis, Low bush willow. Speckled
willow. Salix Vituli'na, Sai.ix Erioceph'ala.
The bark of each of these has a slightly aro-
matic odour, and a bitter astringent taste, which
is nearly the same in all the species. It is tonic
and astringent, and has been used in intermit-
tents, and in cases of dyspepsia, worms, <fec. The
iii'tive principle has been separated, and called
Sal'iciiie. It has been found in about fourteen
.«oecies of salix and eight species of Popuhis; is
like the quinia in medicinal efficacy. Dose, ^j to
,^j of the powder. Dose of Salicine from 4 to 6
grains.
Salix iRoYPTiACA, Calaf.
SALLKNDERS, Malandria.
SALLYS. Adeps.
SALLOW, Lurid.
SALLY, Salix.
SALLY-WITIIY. Salix.
SALMIAC, AminoniiiD uiurins.
SALOOP, Salep. Also, sassafras tea flavored
with milk and sugar. Under this name a tea is
Cold in the streets of London which consists of
(in infusion of the wood of Laurun Saaaafraa with
■the addition of milk and sugar — Sas'aa/roa Tea.
SALPETRA, Potassa, nitrate of, Soda, ni-
trate of.
SALPIXGEMPIIRAX'TS. from (raXnyf. caX-
ziyyoi, ' a tube,' and riifpa^ii, ' obstruction.' Ob-
struction of the Eustachian tube; — a cause of
deafness.
SALPIXGI'TIS, from aaXriy^, ira'X-iyyof, 'a
tube,' and ilia, 'denoting inflammation.' Inflam-
mation of the Eustachian tube.
S A L P I N G 0 C YE'SIS, Pamcye'ais tuhn'ria,
Gravid'itaa tuba'riu, from ffoAiriyl, o-«Ariyyo?, 'a
tube or trumpet,' and KUTjirif, 'pregnancy.' Tubal
pregnancy. — See Pregnancy, tubal.
SALP'JNGOMALLKKN. Tensor tyrapani.
SALPINGOPIIARYNGiE'US, from mAziyl
aoKniyyai;, ' a trumpet,' and <papvy^, 'the pharynx.'
Valsalva and Douglas have given this name to a
bundle of fibres, which passes from the Eustachian
tube to the pharvnx.
S A L P I N G 6 S T A P 11 Y L INUS, Circumflex
muscles — s. Staphvlinus interniis, Levator palati.
SALPINGOSTENOCnO'RIA, from cX^iy^,
aaXniyyoi, 'a tube,' crrtvof, 'narrow,' and Xutfia,
'space.' Narrowness or stricture of the Eusta-
chian tube.
SALPINX. Tuba.
SALSAMENTUM CRUDUM, Omotarichog.
SALSAPARILLA GERMANICA, Sarsapa-
rilla Germanica.
SALSEDO MUCRTJM, Potassae nitras.
SALSEPAIIEILLE, Sinilax sarsaparilla — s.
d'Allemagne, Sarsaparilla Germanica — a. dn Bre-
ail, a. Citraqne, a. de Honduraa, a. de Peru, and
«. de Portugal, see Smilax sarsaparilla.
SALSIFI, Tragopogon porrifolium.
SALSILAGO, Muria.
SALSOLA DECUMRENS. S. Kali.
Salso'la Kali, S. Decum'liena, Kali soda seu
spino'aum cochlea'tiim, Privkly Saltwort, Tragus
sivc Tragum Jfattlii'oli. (Jrd. Chenopodiaceae;
from sal, 'salt,' owing to its saline properties.
This plant, as well as Salmla aati'va and Salaola
aodn seu Imujifo'lia, Kali iner'tuin, Herha vitri,
produces the alkaline salt, commonly called Ba-
rilla, Soda, or A'elp.
Salsoi.a Longifolia, S. Kali — s. Sativa, &c.,
see S. Kali, and Soda — s. Soda, see S. KalL
SALSUGINOSUS, Ilalmyrodes.
SALSUS. Saline.
SALT, Sal. Hal, Ilnla, 'a\g, (F.) Sel. A name
formerly given to a considerable number of sub-
stances of very difi"erent nature. At present, chj'-
raists apply the term Salti exclusively to the com-
bination of an acid with one or more bases. A^eu-
tral salts are those in which the acid and base
reciprocally saturate each other. Acid salts or
supersalts, (F.) Snr-sels, are those in which the
acid predominates over the base. Alhaliue salts
or snhaalta, (F.) Sous-sels, those in which the base
is, on the contrary, predominant. The different
denominations of the salts are compounded. 1. Of
the name of the acid: the termination of which
is changed into ite, when the name of the acid is
in ovs ; — ate, when it is in ie. Thus the salts
formed by the aulplmroua acid are sulphites /
those Viy the sulphuric, sulphates. 2. This name
is followed up by that of the oxyd, which enters
into the composition of the s.alt. Thus, the sid-
pJiate of proto.ryd of iron is a combination of
sulphuric acid with the protoxyd of that metal.
Frequently, to shorten the name, the word oxyd
is suppressed ; and proto, druto, trifo, <tc., put
before the acid : — as prolosulphnte of irov. Sim-
ple salts are those resulting from the combina-
tion of an acid with a single base; doulle salts
with two diff'erent bases: triple with three. Ac.
A haloid salt is one constituted after the type of
common salt, or which contains a metal and a
salt-radical, as chlorine, iodine, &e. An oxysalt
is formed from the combination of an acid with
an oxide.
AVhen salt is used in an abstract sense, it means
the chloride of sodium.
SALTANS ROSA
816
SAMPSUCUS
Salt, Apf.uient, of Fredkrick, Soda, sulpliiite
of — f. ]5aker's, Ammonia; carbonas — s. of Barilla,
Soda, subcarbonate of — s. Bay, Soda, muriate of
— s. Bitter purging, Magnesiio sulphas — s. Com-
mon, Soda, muriate of — s. Epsom, Magnesise sul-
phas— s. Glauber's, Soda, sulphate of — s. Glau-
ber's, Lymington, see Soda, sulphate of — s. Pres-
ton, see AmmoniiB carbonas — s. Rochelle, Soda,
tartrate of — s. Rock, Soda, muriate of — s. Sea,
Soda, muriate of — s. Secondary, Neutral salt — s.
Seignelte's, Soda, tartrate of — s. Smelling, Ammo-
nise carbonas — s. of Soda, Soda, subcarbouate of
— s. Sore-throat, Potassae nitras fusus sulphatis
paucillo mixtus.
Salt op Tartar, see Potassaj subcarbonas,
and Potash.
Salt, Tasteless Puuging, Soda, phosphate of.
Salt of Urine, Ammoniae carbonas.
Salt, Whitk, Soda, muriate of.
Salt op Woodsoot, Ammonice carbonas — s.
of Wormwood, see Potash.
SALTANS ROSA, Urticaria.
SALTATIO. Dancing — s. Sancti Viti, Chorea.
SALT'ERTON. A village about four miles to
the eastward of Exmouth, England, frequented
as a winter abode by invalids. It is in a small,
open valley on the seashore, and is well protected
from winds, particularly the northerly.
SALTISH, Ilalmyrodes.
SALTPETRE, Potasses nitras.
SALTUS, Leap, Vulva— s. Tendinum, SubsuL
tus tendinum.
SALTWORT, PRICKLY, Salsola kali.
SALUBRIOUS. Salutary.
SALUBRIOUSNESS, Salubrity.
SALUBRIS, Salutary.
SALU'BRITY, S<du'britaa, Salu'hriousness,
(F.) Salnhrite, from saliin, 'health.' Anything
which contributes to the health of individuals or
of communities. Situations differ materially from
each other in this respect; and the cause of the
difference is often an interesting topic of inquiry.
SALUS, Sanifas.
SALUrATHE, Salutary.
SAL'UTARY. Fenex'ticos, Snhdn'rin, S'dn'-
her, S'tln'bris, Hi/r/iei'iiun, Hi/i/ia>i'tici(s, Hi/gle'-
ruK, Salu'biius, (F.) Sahitnire, Salubre. Same
etymon. Healthy. That which is favourable to
health. Some diseases have been considered sa-
lutary ; but this is doubtful.
SALUTIF^ROUS, Salu'ti/er ; from sahia,
salutis, 'health,' and fero, 'I bear.' Bringing
health ; health-bearing.
SALVATEL'LA; same etymon, [? ] Vena nal-
riitel'/a, is situate on the back of the hand, near
its inner margin. It begins on the posterior sur-
face of the fingers and dorsal surface of the hand,
by a plexus, formed of a number of radicles, fre-
quently anastomosing with each other; it then
ascends to the inner part of the forearm, where it
takes the name — posterior cubital. The ancients
recommended this vein to be opened in certain
diseases, as in melancholic and hypochondriacal
affections ; and they attributed to such abstraction
of blood considerable efiBcacy in the cure of dis-
ease : hence its name.
SALVE, BLISTERING, Unguentum lyttte-
s. Deshler's, Cera turn resinge compositum — s. Eye,
Unguentum oxidi zinci impuri — s. Eye, Single-
ton's, Unguentum hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi — s.
Healing, Cerate of calamine.
SAL'VIA, (from salveo, 'to be sound,' owing
to its reputed healing qualities ;) iS". officina'lin
seu horteii'iis seu vnlgn'ris seu minor, Elelin'-
phacos. Sage, Save, (F.) Sauge, Petite Snnge, The
({'Europe ou de France. Ord. Labiatae. Sex.
Si/«t. Diandria Monogynia. Sage leaves, Snlria
(Ph. U. S.), have a peculiar, aromatic odour, and
a warm, aromatic, bitterish taste. Their virtues
depend upon an essential oil. They arc tonic,
stimulant, and carminative. In the form of iv
weak infusion, Sage is occasionally used ns a di-
luent, and as a wash for sore mouth. Dose, gr.
XV to XXX or more.
Salvia Afiuca'na, }Vild Sage, a South Afri-
can species, has the same medical properties as
Salvia.
Salvia Colorata, Salvia.
Salvia IIormi'num, S. colora'ta, Hnrmi'num,
H.co/ora'titni seu sati't^uni, (F.) Sauge-liormin, of
the Pharmacopoeias, is used in similar cases.
Salvia Hortensis. Salvia.
Salvia Lyra'tA, Wi/d Sage, Cancer Weed ;
indigenous. The fresh leaves, bruisc^l, are used
to destroy warts. It has been supposed to bo of
use in cancer.
Salvia Minor, Salvia — s. Officinalis, Salvia.
Salvia Scla'rba, Sclarea, Gallit'richum,
jEthio' pis, liiner'maH, OoIud Jovis, Common Clary,
(F.) Sauge sclaree, Grand sauge, Orvale ou Toute-
boniie. The leaves have been recommended as
corroborants and anti-spasmodics.
Salvia Vit^, Asplenium ruta muraria — s.
Vulgaris, Salvia,
SAMADE'RA IN'DICA, Ord. Simarubca), fur-
nishes the NiejMi bark, which is possessed of
antiperiodic properties.
SAMBU'CUS, from aan^vxri, an ancient musi-
cal instrument, said to have been made of its
wood. Sabu'cus, Sambucus nigra seu vulga'riH
seu arbo'rea, Acte, Infe'lix lignum ; Elder, El-
norne, Ellen-tree, Ellarne, (Sc.) Boartrec, Jiore-
tree, Bountree, {'Prow) Bottry tree, Burtree, Ellet,
EIren, Scaio, (F.) Sureau connnuu. Ord. Capri-
foliacea9. Sex. Si/st. Pentandria Digynia — (the
flower and bark were formerly called Caini'pum).
The flowers, berries, and bark of the elder have
been used in medicine. The //owero have been
reputed diaphoretic and discutient; the berries,
aperient and sudorific ; the bark, purgative, and,
in small doses, deobstruent. The flowers are
sometimes used in fomentations, and to form a
cooling ointment.
Sambuci's Arborea, Sambucus — s. Chamae-
acte. S. ebulus.
Sambucus Eb'ultis, S. Chammacte seu he'lion
seu hn'milis seu herba'cea, Ebulus, Cliamaac'te,
Od'ocos, Dwarf-elder, Danetnort, (F.) Hiible,
Yeble. The root, interior bark, leaves, flowers,
Sambucus (Ph. U. S.), berries, (Baccm sou Grann
Actes,) and seeds, have all been given in mode-
rate doses as resolvents and deobstruents ; and in
large doses as hydragogues. The berries of Sam-
bucus Canaden'sis, the Common Elder of Anierica.
are made officinal in the Pharmacopaiii of thu
United States. A distilled water of the flowers,
Aqua Sambu'ci, Elder Water, is officinal in the
London and Edinburgh Pharmacopoeias.
Sambucus Helion, Sambucus ebulus — s. Iler-
bacea, S. ebulus — s. Humilis, S. ebulus— s. Nigra,
Sambucus.
Sambucus Pu'bens, iS". pubes'ccns seu race-
mo'sa, Red-berried Elder ; indigenous." The bark,
in decoction, is said to be a valuable hydragoguo
cathartic.
Sambucus Racemosa, S. pubens — s. Vulgaris,
Sambucus.
SAMI TERRA, Su'mian Earth. An argilla-
ceous earth, found in the island of Sanios, to
which were ascribed virtues similar to those of
the Terra Lemnii.— Galen, Dioscoridcs.
SA'MIUS LAPIS. A stone found in the Isle
of Samos, which the ancients believed to be as-
tringent and refrigerant.
SAMPHIRE. Crithnium maritimum.
SAMPSON, BLACK, Echinacea purpurea.
SAMPSUCHUS, Thymus mastichina.
SAMPSUCUS, Origanum majorana.
SAMPSYCiriNON
81
SANITARIUM
SAMPSYCIITXON, SampWchinum, An oint-
ment c.inpos.Hl of an^^vxov, which was perhaps
marjdrain. — Dioscorides.
SANAHILIS, Curable.
SANA15LE, Curable.
SAXAMIJNDA, (Jeum urbjinum.
SANATIO, Curation, Cure
SANATIVK, Curative.
SANAIOIIIUM, Sanitarium.
SANATORY, Curative.
SAN GIULIANO, MINERAL WATERS OF.
At the foot of the mountain San Uiuliano, a
league and a half from Pisa, are several mineral
springs; temperature from 84° to 107° Fahr.
The spring, Pozzetto, contains carbonic acid,
sulphates of soda, lime, and magnesia; chlorides
of sodium and magnesium ; carbonates of lime
and magnesia; argil and silica.— Santi.
SAND, see tJravel — s. Brain, see Pineal gland
— e. Pineal, see Pineal gland.
SANDALUM C^.RULEUM, Guilandina mo-
ringa— s. Rubrum, Pterocarpus santalinus.
SAN'DARAC, Sandara'clut, Gum Jii'in'per or
Sandnrach, Pounce, Gummi Jnin'p'en, Suii(la)yt'-
en, Veniix m'cca, Jiesfna Junip'eri, (F.) S'tndn-
raqne, Gomme de Geiievn'er. A name given, by
the Arabs, to an odorous resin, that flows from
the Tlnit/(i «]>h;il.'l<t. Oid. Conifer*. Sej-. Sysf.
Monoecia Monadelphia. It is stimulant, like all
the resins ; but is verv little used.
SANDARACIIA GR^CORUM, Rcalo-ar.
SAND-BLIND, nearly blind. A defect of
vision, in which small particles seem to fly before
the eyes. Sec Metamorphopsia.
SANDERS, see Saunders.
. SANDIVER, see Yitrum.
SANDIX, Plumbi oxydum rubrum.
SANDYX, Plumbi oxydum rubrum.
SA.XG, Blood — «. Arteriel, Arterial blood — «.
Draijoii, Rume.x sanguineus — ». Bmrjoti, see Ca-
lamus rotang — ». Globules du, Globules of the
blood— 8. Pcrle de, IlaMnorrhagia.
SANGAREE'. Wine and water, sweetened
.and spieed.
SANG LOT, Sob.
SANGSdE, Ilirudo.
SANGUIDUCTUS DUR^ MATRIS, Sinuses
of the dura mater.
• SANGUIFICATIO, Hismatosis — s. Debilior,
Hyphiematosis.
SANGUIFLUXUS, Hsemorrhagia — s. Uteri-
nus. Metrorrhagia.
SANGUIMOTION, Circulation.
SANGUIMOTORY, Circulatory.
SAyGCfX, (VinSxeau.) Blood-vessel.
SANGUINALIS CORRIGIOLA, Polygonum
aviculare.
SANGUINA'RIA, from snur/ui'.i, eanqniuis,
'blood,' owing to the colour of its juice. S'. Cann-
den'nin sen aean'li», Bloudrnot, Uloodwnrt,Pucconn,
Red Piivcooii, Red Root. Indian Paint, Tiir'meric.
Nat. Ord. PapaveraccEe. Sex. Si/nf. Polyandria
Monogynia. A North American plant, the rhi-
Eoma, Sanguiuaria (Ph. U. S.),and seeds of which
are used in medicine. They are emetic. Dose of
the powder, S to 20 grains. They are said to
reduce the velocity of the pulse, like digitalis.
SANcuiNAniA, Polygonum aviculare.
SANGUINE, San</uin'eiM, Sdnyuino'snn, H(b-
tnat'ieus, Iltpmalo'den, Hamate' rus, Ifeemati'mis,
Ifcemo'defi, Hceino'i'des, Sanguin'eoiin, Hepmat'ic,
(F.) Siini/uin. From sangtiis, nangninia, ' blood.'
Bloody, blood-like ; having the colour of blood,
ns 'a sanguine countenance.' Relating to, or
Containing blood — as 'sanguine temperament.'
Plethoric.
SANGUINEA. Potassse nitras.
SAN(JUrNENKSS, Plethora.
SANGUINEOUS, Plethoric, Sanguine.
SANGUINEUS, Sanguine.
SANGUINIS ABSORPTIO, Jlaemorrhophesis
— 8. Congestio, Congestion— s.Dissolutio, ILema-
teclysis— s. Fluor, Haemoptysis— s. Fluor Ycsic»,
Cystorrhagia — s. Ictus, Apoplexy — s. Missio.
Blood-letting— s. Profluvium copiosum, Ilieinor-
rhagia— s. Profluvium ex Ore, Stomatorrhagia
s. Stagnatio. Ilaemostasis.
SANGUIN'OLENT, Sanguinohn'tufi, fvomsan-
guin, sanguinis, ' blood.' Tinged with blood. An
epithet applied, particularly, to the sputa when
so tinged. Bloody.
SANGUINOSUS. Sanguine.
SANGUIPUR'GIUM, from sanguis, 'h]o,^<\,'
and pitrgare, ' to cleanse.' Purgation of the
blood. A name given by some authors to mild
fevers, from an idea that they purged the blood
of noxious matters.
SANGUIS, Blood, Sperm— s. Concretus, Coa-
gulum — s. Draconis, see Calamus rotang— s. Hiici
siccatus, see Blood— s. Menstruus, see Menses
s. in Urina, Haematuria — s. Yirginis priraum
nienstruatae, see Menses.
SANGUISOR'BA CANADEN'SIS, Canada
Burnett. From sanguis, 'blood,' and sorhere, 'to
absorb.' A tall indigenous plant — Ord. RosacetB —
with white, sometimes purple, flowers, which appear
from August to October. It has the same virtues as
SaNGUISOR'bA OffICINA'liS, S. car'nea sell
rubra, It(d'ian Pim'pinel, Pimpinel'la Ital'iea.
seu offieina'lis, (F.) Pimpreuelle noire. It was
formerly used as an astringent and tonic, in
hemorrhages, dysentery, &c.
SANGUISUGA, Ilirudo.
SANGUISU'GUM, from sanguis, 'blood,' and
sngere, ' to suck.' A barbarous term, to denote
too great an accumulation of blood in the heart.
Bonetus.
SANICLE, Sanicula, S. Marilandica— s. Ame-
rican, Ileuchera cortusa — «. de Mariland, Sanicula
Marilandica — s. Yorkshire, Pinguicola vulgaris.
SANICULA, (from aano, 'I heal,') Saxifraga
granulata.
Sanic'iila, S. Europa'a seu officina'mm seu
mas, Astran'tia dinpen'sia, Canca'lis Sanic'nln,
Cueulla'ta, Dodeca'theon, Sipn'plnjtuin. petrm'uni,
l)i<ipen'sia, D. cortu'sa, San'icle, Wood Jl/arrh,
{¥.) Toute-saine. Oc(/. Umbellifera^. Se.r. Sysf.
PentandriaDigynia. This herb was formerly used
as a mild astringent. It is bitterish, and some-
what austere.
Sanicula Eboracensis, Pinguicola vulgaris — s.
Europa?a, Sanicula.
Sanic'iila MARiLAN'niCA, San'icle, 3Ia'ryland
Sanicle, Black Snakeroot, (F.) Sanicle de Marl-
land. This indigenous plant grows in marshes,
or low and shaded ground. It is possessed of
tonic virtues ; and the powdered root is employed
in popular practice as a favourite remedy in in-
termittent fever. It has been recommended,
also, in chorea.
Sanicula Montana, Pinguicola vulgaris — s.
Officinarum. Sanicula.
SANIDO'DES,;S'r»H?o'rfe«, 'resembling a board.'
from ffiiKj, gen. aavdoi, ' a board,' and etfn;, • re-
semblance.' One whose thorax is narrow, and,
as it were, contracted.
SANIE, Sanies.
SA'NIES, Ichor, Tabnm, Virus, Pun malig'.
nnm seu cnrrosi'vum, (F.) Sajiie, corrupted from
sanguis, 'blood.' A thin, serous fluid, presenting
some of the qualities of pus and blood, and com-
monly exhaled at the surface of ulcers.
SANIEUX, Ichorous.
SANIODES, Sanidodes.
SANIOSUS. Ichorous.
SANIOUS, Ichorous.
SANITA'RIUM, Sanato'rinm. Same etymon,
as the next. A retreat selected for valetudina-
SANITARY
818^
SAPO
rinns, in consequence of its salubrity. Also, an
est!il)li.slnnerit for tlie treatment of the sick.
SAN'ITAHY, S'ini'atory, horn xaiiitax, 'he;iltli,'
(F.J Sdiiitaire. That which relates to lieallh,
and especially to public health ; as etablinsemetit
smiiUiire, police fitnitaire.
SAN'ITAS, from sanus, 'healthy,' Hi/rjie'a, Ihj-
(je'a, Hyijidii'sis, Ifi/f/i'<isis, Inter/' ritdx, Pronpei'-
ilan Vtdetit'Jiiits, Sulus, Hi/f/iei'ti, Valetii'do, Vali-
tii'do, Vnlem'do bona seu secun'chi seu cotn'moJa,
/{i/;/ei'o,Eiizoo(fy?ia'»iia, Health, (Sc.) Heil, Heyle,
Heal, (F.) Saute, from si7»i(s, 'sound.' Health
has been defined, — a state, in which all the func-
tions are e.xerted with regularity and harmony.
A person may, however, be in health, although
certain functions are not performed. A blind
man, for example, has health when all his func-
tions, except sight, proceed with regularity.
tSioiifij is often used for soundness of mind.
Sanita'', Cure.
SANITY, Sanitas.
SANKIRA, Smilax China.
.SAABS' PAIRE, ( Veine,) Azygos vein.
SANTA CRUZ, (CLIMATE OF.) This West
India island is frequently selected as a winter re-
treat for the phthisical valetudinarian from the
United States; but it does not .seem entitled to
any preference, in such cases, over the other
islands of the West Indies, whilst its general
salubrity is said to be less than that of many.
SANTAL BLANC, Santalum album— «.i?oi/^e,
Pterocarpus santalinus.
SANTALUM, see Pterocarpus santalinus.
San'talum Album, S. cif'n'unm seu pal'lidum
seu myrti/u'liuiit, Sir'ium myrtifo'llum. Yellow
Sounders, (F.) Santal hlanc. Ord. Santalacere.
Sex. Syit. Tetrandria Monogynia. The virtues
of the wood of the white saunders reside in a
volatile oil and resinous principle. The odour is
fragrant, and resembles a mixture of ambergris
and roses. It has been used as a stimulant and
sudorific, but it is not now employed. The saun-
ders woods are called, collectively, in French,
Siintanx,
Santaltim Myrtifoltum, S. album — s. Ru-
brum, Pterocarpus santalinus.
SANTE, Sanitas.
SANTONICUM, Artemisia santonicum.
SAN'TONINB, San'tonin, Cinin. A peculiar
crystalline substance obtained from Artemisia
Santoniea. It possesses the anthelmintic pro-
perties of the plant. Dose, five or six grains.
SANTORI'NI, FISSURES OF, (F.) Incisures
ou Scissures de Santorini. Clefts at the upper
and back part of the fibro-cartilaginous portion
of the external ear.
Santorini, Tu'bercles op. Small cartilagi-
nous projections at the top of the arytenoid car-
tilages, which support the ligaments of the glottis.
See Corniculum Laryngis.
SANVE, Sinapis.
SAO'RIA, Sduarja. The ripe and dried fruit
of Mnesa seu Bacoh'otrys picta, an Abyssinian
tree, which is administered in its native country,
in powder, in doses of from 32 to 44 grammes, as
a taenia fuge.
SAP. S.1X. raepe. (G.) Saft, Ar'borum Succus
seu LympJia, (F.) Seve. The circulating fluid of
the vegetable, which corresponds to the blood of
the animal.
SAPA. see Rob.
SAPHA'DA. Paracelsus has given this name
to reddish scales adherent to the hair in some
eruntions of the hairy scalp.
S'aPII^NA, Saphena.
S.APHE'NA, Saphm'na, from Tmfiijc, 'manifest,'
'evident.' (F.) Saphene. A name given to two
subcutaneous veins of the lower limb. These
are: 1. The Grkat Sapiikna Ykin, S. interna,
Tihio.miille'ulnr (Ch.), (F.) (Irande Veine So-
pheiie ou Siipliene interne. Its radicles occupy
the inner part of the great toe, and form a tran.s-
verse arch on the back of the foot, whicii unites
with the saphena externa, and receives at its
convex part, which is turned forwards, a number
of branches coining from the toes. These radi-
cles, when united, ascend before the inner ankle,
and form a trunk, the size of which is fartlicr
increased by several branches that i)roeeed from
the region of the tarsus, and that of tiie meta-
tarsus, This trunk ascends vertically at the
inner part of the leg; passes behind the inner
condyle of the femur; proceeds along tlie inner
part of the thigh ; receives other subcutaneous
veins, such as the abdominal subcutaneous, the
external pudic, &e., and passes through the in-
ferior opening of the crural can.al to empty itself
into the femoral vein. 2. The L^;SSKH Vena
Saphena or Saphena e.rterna, Perone'o-miil-
le'olar Vein of Cbaussier, (F.) Petite Veine Sa-
phene ou Saphene exterue, commences by seve-
ral roots, which arc spread over the dorsum and
outer side of the foot, and embrace the outer
ankle. Behind this, they unite into a single
trunk, which ascends obliciuely, approaching the
tendo Achillis, and proceeds vertically towards
the ham to open into the popliteal vei:u.
SAPHENE, Saphena.
SAPHE'NOUS, Sapheno'sns; from S^pheua.
Of or belonging to the saphena.
Saphenous Nerves are two in number, and
are branches of the crural or femoral nerve.
They are the short saphenous — nervus cutaneus
■internus ; and the lony saphenous — nervus entu-
neiis internus longus.
The external saphenous, formed by the union
of the coinmunicans poplitei and comrnunicans
peronei, passes down the leg by the side of the
external saphenous vein of the foot.
SAPID, Sa'porous, Sajj'idns, (F.) Savo}ireuj;
from sapere, 'to taste.' Possessed of sapidity
Having the power of affecting the organs of
taste.
SAPID'ITY, Sap'idness, Saporos'ity, Sapor,
(F.) Sapidite. The quality of bodies that gives
them taste.
SAFIN C03BIUN, Pinus picea.
SAPIN'DUS, (sapo, and Indus, 'Indian soap,')
S. Sapona'ria, Sapona'ria, Soap Tree, (F.) Sa-
vonnier comrnuu. Ord. Sapindacese. The name
of the plant that affords the Soap Nits, Sapo7ia'-
ricB Nu'culoB, Bac'ccB Bermuden'ses, Soap-herfiei.
A spherical fruit about the size of a cherry, the
cortical part of which is yellow, glossy, and so
transparent as to show the spherical black nut
that rattles within, and includes a white kernel.
Tiie cortical part of this fruit, which has similar
efiects with soap in washing, has been recom-
mended in chlorosis, and as a stomachic and
deobstruent.
SAPO, Soap, Sax. rape. Smegma, (F.) Savon.
A product obtained by treating fatty bodies with
caustic alkalies dissolved in water. In the Phar-
macopoeia of the United States, it means Soap
made with soda and olive oil. See Sapo medi-
cinalis.
Yellow Soap is formed of turpentine, oil, and
alkali.
Castile Soap, being made of fine olive oil, is
generally used internallj'. The yellow and soft
soaps are the most stimulating; and arc, conse-
quently, best adapted for particular cutaneous
eruptions.
Internally, soap is purgative and diuretic; ex-
ternally, it is detergent and stimulant. Soapy
water is used with the greatest success, in cases
SAPONACEOUS
819
SARCOCOLLA
of poisoning l)y acids. It is mostly applied ex-
ternully to bruises and sprains. In f'harmact/,
it is used to favour the solution of resins.
Sapo Ac"ii)us, Acid Soap, is a combination of
a fixed oil with an acid.
Sai'O Ammoniacams, Linimentum ammoniac
fortiiiH — s. Ammoniac oleaceus, Linimentum am-
iiioniyB fortius — s. Amygdalinus, Sapo uiedioina-
liti — s. Cacaotinus, Sapo coconeus — s. Calcarius,
Tiinitnentum aquae calcis — 8. Castiliensis, see
Sapo medicinalis.
Sapo Coco'neus, Snpo cacaoti'nua, Soap of
Vncoa-Nut Oil, (F.) Savon de cacoa, has been
much used in Germany in herpetic affections.
Sapo Durus, S. medicinalis — s. Ilispanicus,
gee S. medicinalis.
Sapo Kamcus, S. Mollis.
Sapo Liq'uidus, Liquid Soap, Lotio sapoiia'-
cea, is a cosmetic which is composed of olive oil
\\v, ol. tartari piir deliquium Jss. Rub together,
and add a(fHcp, rosiirum ^xij.
Sapo Mkdicina'lis, Sapo ami/gd<ili'iii(i>, Me-
(lic"iiKtl Snap, (F.) Sdvon medicinal, is made with
oil of sweet almonds and half its weight of caus-
tic alkali, or, like the Sapo Ilispan'iots seu Cas-
tillen'sis, Spnninh or CtiHtile soap, Sapo durus,
Supo (Ph. U. S.), (F.) Savon dw, of olive oil and
soda.
Sapo Mollis, S. vir'idis seu ni'ger seu ka'li-
cns, Common or Soft Soap, (F.) Savon mou ou
nnir, is made of potass and oil or tallow. The
Sapo vtdyiiris or 'common soap' of the Pharm.
U. S. is made with soda and animal oil.
Sapo Niger, lilack Soaj), Ifelanosmeg'ma, is a
composition of train oil and an alkali : and Green
Soap, Sapo vir'idis, of honipseed, linseed, or rape
oil, with an alkali. See Sapo mollis.
Sapo Vkgrtabilis, Pulvis gummosus alkali-
nus — r. Viridis, Sapo mollis — r. Vulgaris, see
Sapo mollis.
SAPONA'CEOUS, Sapona'cem, (F.) Soponace,
from sapo, saponin, 'soap.' Soapy. Containing
soap, as Liuimtiitum sajionaceum. Soap liniment.
SAPONAIRE, Saponaria.
SAPONA'RIA, from Sapo, 'soap,' the juice
forming a lather with water. Soap-wort, Bruise-
wort, Ilonncing Bet, Stru'thinm, Laiia'ria, Lych-
nis officinalis seu si/lves'tris, Ibiic'uma, Boot'ia vul-
fjn'ris, (F.) Saponaire, Savonniere. Ord. Caryo-
phyllaoca). Se.v. Si/st. Decandria Digynia. A
decoction of the leaves of this plant has been
recommended in scrofula, cancer, old syphilis,
cutaneous eruptions, jaundice, visceral obstruc-
tions, ifec. It is hardly ever used.
Sapoxaria, Sapindus saponaria.
SAPONARIiE NUCULE, see Sapindus sapo-
naria.
SAPOXE. Soap, to which are added sub-
stances capable of communicating to it new pro-
perties, without affecting its own. — Beral.
SAPO'NEA. A pectoral medicine, prepared
with sweetened syrup of violets, and oil of sweet
almonds.
SAPOX'ULES, Sapon'uli, (F.) Savonules.
Same etymon. Combinations of volatile or es-
sential oils with different bases.
Acid Saponules are combinations of such oils
with different acids.
SAI'OXUL^. A tincture {alcooU), sufficiently
diiirged with soap to cause it to assume a gelati-
nous shape. — Beral.
SAI'ONURE. A medicine, formed of soap,
in powder, and of resinous or extractive matters.
SAPOR, Sapidity, Savour.
SA POROSITY. Sapidity.
S A POROUS, Sapid.
SAPO'TA, .s'. Akhras, Achrns Sapota sen aus-
tra'lis seu Zapola, El niapero, Ovaf-fruilcd Sa-
pota, [F.) Sapulier, Supolillier, Sapotilla. Fam.
Sapotaccise. Sex. Syst. Hexandria Digynia. A
tree which grows in the Antilles, and particularly
at St. Domingo. Its fruit is much esteemed. It
resembles the marmalade of quinces; and hence
has been called natur<d mannalude. The seeds
make an emulsion, which has been given in
nephritic affections. The bark has been recom-
mended as a febrifuge.
Sapota Alchkas, Sapota.
SAPOTIER, Sapota.
SAPOTILLA, Sapota.
SAPOTILLIER, Sapota.
SAPROPYRA, Typhus gravior.
SAPROS, Putrid,' Rancid.
SAPROS'TOMUS, from c7ar,^,of, 'foul, of a bad
odour,' and arofta, 'mouth.' One who has an
offensive breath.
SAPROTES, Putrefaction.
SAR'APUS, Sarapons. One who has a large
foot; whose toes are largely separated, or whose
feet are much asunder in walking; from aatpia,
'I grin,' and ttovs, 'the foot.' See Kyllosis.
SARATO'GA, MINERAL WATERS OF. The
Saratoga springs in New York are ten miles
north-east from Ballston. They contain the
same ingredients as those of the latter place;
and are much frequented by visitors from every
part of the United States. The following analy-
sis has been given of the Congress spring. In a
wine gallon — gaseous contents; carbonic acid,
311 cubic inches; atmospheric air. 7. Solid con-
tents: chloride of sodium, gr. .385; iodide of
sodium, gr. 3.5 ; bicarbonate of soda, gr. 8.982 ;
bicarbonate of magnesia, gr. 95.788 ; carbonate of
lime, gr. 98.098; carbonate of iron, gr. 5.075;
silica, gr. 1.5; bromide of potassium, a trace.
Total, gr. 697.943. — Steel.
The Walton or Iodine spring contains chloride
of sodium, carbonate of magnesia, and iodide of
sodium.
SARCEPIPLOCELE, Sareoepiplocelc.
S ARC EP IP L OMPHALOCELE, Sarcoepi-
plomphalocele.
SARCEPIPLOMPIIALUS, Sarcoepiplompha-
lus.
SARCTDIUM, Caruncle.
SARCINA, Foetus.
Sak'cina VENTRir't'1,1, S. Goodsir'ii, L. Sar-
cina, ' a pack, a woolpack ;' Mcrismopoe'dia ven-
tricnli (Robin). A microscopic cryptogamous
plant found in the fluid of waterbrash.
SARCION. Caruncle.
SARCITES, Anasarca — s. Flatuosus, Em-
physema.
SARCITIS, Myositis.
SARCOCE'LE. Hernia carno'sa, ScirrJius Tes-
tic'uli, from cap^, capKOf, 'flesh,' and trj^rj, 'a
tumour:' Sarco'ma scroti, (F.) Hemic charniie.
Scirrhus or cancer of the testicle. This disease
affects adults particuliirly ; and appears most
commonly after an inflammatory swelling of the
testicle. Sometimes it is dependent upon a blow;
at others, it makes its appearance without any
appreciable cause. It is well known by a hard,
heavy, ovoid or spherical swelling of the testicle,
which is, at flrst, slightly, or not at all painful,
and merely causes an unpleasant traction on the
spermatic cord. There is no heat or change of
colour of the skin ; the spermatic cord is swollen,
and participates in the affection ; very painful
shootings occur; the lymphatic glands of the
abdomen become swollen, and form a tumour,
which may, at times, be felt through the abdo-
men ; and the patient, at length, dies with every,
sign of the cancerous diathesis. The prognosis
is very unfavourable. The only means, indeed,
that can save life, is the extirpation of the tes-
ticle.
SARCOCOL'LA, (F.) Colte chair, from (rupf,.
SARCODES
820
SATELLITE
'flcsli,' and icoXXa, 'glue.' A resinous matter, ob-
tained from Penas'n Sarcocol'la, P. mncrona'tn,
and other species of Penaa ; an African shrub,
which has been so called from a belief that it
facilitates the consolidation of flesh. It is in the
form of small, oblong, semitransparent globules,
of a yellowish or reddish hue, and smells like
iiniseed. It was once employed as an astringent
and detergent.
SARCODES, Carneous.
SARCOEPIPLOCE'LE, Snrcepiploce'le, from
ffapf, (T(ip/co;, 'flesh,' cn-iirAooi', 'the epiploon,' and
Kii\ti, 'a tumour.' Epiplocele, complicated with
sarcoma or sarcocele.
SARCOKPIPLOM'PIIALUS, Sarcepiplom'-
phnlits, S(trcep>p!i>mpha/<)ce'le, from aap^, aapKOf,
•flesh,' trurXooi/, 'the e))iploon,' and oixtfta'Soi, 'the
navel.' Umbilical hernia, formed by scirrhous
epiploon or complicated with sarcoma.
SARCOIIYDROCELE, Hydro-sarcocele.
SARCOLEM'MA. Sarcoh'mn, from (t<i/)|, <rap<fOf,
'flesh,' and Xtyma, 'a coat.' The sheath which
surrounds the fibrils of muscle that form a fibre.
It is quite distinct from the areolar membrane
that binds the fibres into fasciculi. — Bowman.
See Pervmisium.
SARCOLOGIA, Myology, Sarcology.
SARCOL'OGY, Sarcolof/"ta, from aap^, aapKo;,
' flesh,' and Xoyo^, ' a discourse.' The part of ana-
tomy which treats of the soft parts. It comprises
myology, angiology, neurology, and splanch-
nology
SARCO'MA, Emphi/'ma f\arcomn, Sarcnm'n-
toiin tiiiiioitr, Srirco'ni'i, Porriin, Sitrcophy' i(X, Ecsnr-
co'niK, Ejcsnrco'ma, Tumor cnr'iieiis, Exfrenceirlia
cnrnn'sa, Pol'ypim cririio'siis, from crapl, aapKOi,
•flesh.' Any species of excrescence having a
fleshy consistence.
Sarcoma, CAitciNOMATOtTs, Scirrhus — s. Cer-
cosis, see Cereosis — s. Epulis. Epulis — s. Gela-
tinous, see Tumour, fibro-cellular — s. Mastoid,
Mammary sarcntna — s. Mediillaro. see Eneepha-
loid — s. Medullarv, Encephaloid, Haematodes
fungus — -s. Pulpy, HiBmatodes fungus — s. Scroti,
Sarcocele.
SapvComa, Comroy Vas'citlar or Organi'zed
of Abernethy, Eniphy'ma Sarcoma Vnicido'siim,
is vascular throughout: te.vture simple: when
bulky, napped on the surface with arborescent
veins. Fniind over the body and limbs generally.
SARrO.MA TEUX, Sarcomatous.
SARCOMATODES, Sarcomatous.
SARCOMATOSUS, Sarcomatous.
SARCOM'ATOUS, Sarcomnto'sm, Sarcomn-
to'den, {Y.) Snrcomateux. Belonging to, or having
the characters of sarcoma.
SARCOMPIIALUM, Sarcomphalus.
SARCOM'PIIALUS, Snrcom'phnimn, from
cap^, aapKos, 'flesh,' and op(!>aXos, 'the navel.'
A scirrhous or fieshy tumour, developed at the
navel.
SARCOMYCES, Sarcospongus.
SARCOPHAGUS, Carnivorous, Catheretic.
SARCOPFIYIA, Excre-sence, Sarcoma.
SARCOPSYLLA PENETRANS, Chiqne.
SAIinOPTE, Acarus.
SARCOPTES, SCABIEI, see Psora.
SARCOPYO'DES, from cap^, <rap«of, 'flesh,'
Tvov, 'pus,' and fi^oj, 'resemblance.' Having
the appearance of pus mixed with flesh. An epi-
thet given to certain excreted matters, and par-
ticularly to the sputa of those labouring under
consumption.
SARCO'SIS, from oap^, aapKo^ 'flesh.' The
formatiim of flesh. Also, sarcoma.
Sarco'sis Bui.bi, Erophthal'mla funr/o'nn sen
sfrcomcit'tca. A fleshy growth from the globe of
the eye.
Sarcosis Uteri, Metrauxe.
SARCOSPONG'US, S»rcomy'ce», from aap^
aapKOi, ' flesh,' and <r>royyoj, ' fungus.' A flesiiy
fungus
SARCOSTOSIS, Osteo-sarcoma.
SARCOTIC, Incarnans.
SARCOUS, from <ropC> aapKos, 'flesh.' Of, or
belonging to, flesh or muscle — as ' aarcoyig tin-
sue.'
SarCOIiS 'Ei/f.TiJESTS, Prhn'itive por'ticlei. TliO
elementary particles, which, by their union, form
the mass of muscular fibre. — Bowman.
SARDIASIS, Canine laugh, Risus sardonicu'.
SARDONIA HERBA, Ranunculus sceleratiis.
SARDONIASIS, Canine laugh, llisus sardu-
nicus.
SARDONIUS RISUS, Canine laugh.
SARE, Essera.
SARRACE'NIA, Side-«orldU plant, Flytrop.
The root of Sarracenin Jlaint and .S'. vdrio/ii'riH
is bitter and astringent, and has been used in
South Carolina, as a domestic remedy in dys-
pepsia.
SARRASIN, Polygonum fagopyrura.
SARRETE, Trismus infantum.
SARRIETTE, Satureia hortensis— «. de Crile,
Satureia capitata.
SARSA, Suiilnx sarsaparilla.
SARSAPARILLA. (S.) Zarza, 'a briar,' and
pnriUn, ' a little vine.' Menispermum Canadense,
Smilax S.
Sarsapartlla, False, Aralia nudicaulis.
SarsapARII/la GerMAn'ica, Gramfn mnjnr
seu riibrinii, Sahnparil'la Germanica, Carex Art-
na'rln, (F. ) Liiivhe, L. des Sables, SuhcpareilJe
d' Allcmagne, Chiendeiit ro)ir/e. Ord. Cyperaccap.
Sex. Syt. Monoecia Triandria. A plant, which
grows plentifully on the sea-coasts of Europe. It
has been recommended in some mucous affections
of the trachea, in rheumatism, gout, &c.
Sarsapauit.la, Indian, Ilemidesmus Indicus
— s. AVild, Aralia nudicaulis.
SARTAPARILLA, Smilax sarsaparilla.
SARTO'RIUS, from sartor, 'a tailor,' liecnnso
used in crossing the legs. Suto'rius, Lo)i;/ii'ii)-
miis Fern'oriH, Fascia'lh, F. Lotu/iis seu Kiitn'riim,
(F.) Ilio-cresli-tibial, llio-pretibiid (Ch.), Coutu-
rier. A muscle situate at the anterior part of
the thigh. It is long, small, and flattened, and
extends, oliliquely. from the anterior and superior
spine of the ilium to the superior and inner part
of the tibia. This muscle can, also, bend the pel-
vis on the thigh, and conversely.
SARX. Flesh, Pulp.
SARZA, Smilax sarsaparilla.
SASSA GUM. A gum, occasionally carried
into the European markets from the East, and
answering exactly to Bruce's description of the
product of a tree, which he calls SuHsa. It has
considerable resemblance to Gum Tragacantli.
SASSAFRAS, Laurus sassafras, Nectan.ha
cymbarum — s. Medulla, see Laurus sassafras — s.
Nut, see Pichurim beans — s. Radicis cortex, sco
Laurus sassafras.
Sassafras, Swamp, Magnolia glauca.
Sassafras Tra, Saloop.
SASSY BARK, A poisonous bark of a large
tree — Genus, Erythrophleum, E. Jndicin'le ; Nut.
Ord. Fabacepe; lied water tree of Sierra Lcoiif —
growing in Western and Central Africa, used in
an ordeal to which persons, suspected of witch-
craft, secret mur<ler, and other crimes, are sub-
jected, to test their innocence or guilt. Hence it
is called, in Congo, ordeal bark, and in Ashantee
and Liberia, doom barl:
SAT'ELLITE, Satellcs, genitive Sotellitls.
That which guards. That which is placed near.
Satrllitb Veins arc those that accompany
arteries.
S A T II E
821
SAXONICUS PULVIS
SATRE, Penis.
BATIKS, Sntioty.
SATIHTAS, Plisinone, Satiety.
SATI'KTY, Stdl'i-ini,, Sittu'riutu, Su'tiea, Sn-
turn'th), I'lithoH, Plemiioiie, from natinre (itself
from Htilia, 'enough'), 'to give enough.' Disgust
for food; commonly produced by repletion.
SATIN, Lunnria rediviva.
SATURANS, Abiiorbent (medicine.)
SATURATIO, Satiety, Saturation.
SATURA'TION, Satiira'tio, from aaturare,
Hritiiratiinif {satin, 'enough'), 'to satiate.' The
.itate of a compound in which its elements are
combined in such proportions that a fresh quan-
tity of either cannot be added without producing
'SATUREI'A CAPITA'TA, from YaTvpoi, 'the
Siityrs;' owing to its presumed i)ower of exciting
to venery. Cil'ialed Sn'vory, T/ii/diuk, T. Ki/hee'-
lrin .<-cu cnpitn'ttts scu Cret'icnH, Ciini'la, (F.) tS'<(r-
i-ielle de Crete. Orel. Labiatae. Sex. Synt. Didy-
namia Gymnospermia. Possesses similar pro-
perties to thyme.
S.vtukki'a IIohten'sis, Safureia, S. sati'va,
Ciiiii'lii untiva Flin'ii, Tlnjiiibra, Summer Sn'-
vnrij, (F.) Siirriette. An aromatic plant, culti-
vated for culinary purposes. It has been used,
as an excitant, in anorexia, anaphrodisia, <fec.
Satuiiria Ohiganoides, Cunila mariana — s.
Saliva, S. horfensis.
SATURITAS. Satiety.
SATURN! DULCEDO, Plumbi superacetas.
SAT'lIRNINE, Sdtiiriii'iins, from satuniita,
'lead.' Containing, or caused by, lead.
Sat' URN INK BiiEATH. The peculiar odour of
the breath in one labouring under Saturnismus.
SATURNISM'US, Intoxic'lin seu Cachexia
seu DijHcrasin ndturiii'tux, Afo] ybdocixchex' i<i , from
untiiniiin, 'lead.' Poisoning by leadj lead-poi-
soning: saturnine cachexy.
SATURNUS. Plumbum.
SATYRI'ASIS, from larvpoi, 'a Satyr;' be-
cause the Satyrs were greatly addicted to venery.
iS'. fiircim, Scity rifts' iinii, Sotiiris'iniis, Priapis'-
tiiiin, Sid(ic"it(in, Brnchii'na, Arns'con, Lagiie'sii
Siilac'itdii, L. furor masctdi' nvH, Lagne'n, Lng-
iii'ii, LngiKi'sig, Lnsciv'in, Lasciv'itas, Teiiti'go
vere'tri. An irresistible desire, in man, to have
frequent connexion with females, accompanied
by the power of doing so without exhaustion.
The causes are commonly obscure. Sometimes,
the abuse of aphrodisiacs has occasioned it. The
principal symptoms are: — almost constant erec-
tion ; irresistible and almost insatiiible desire for
venery: frequent nocturnal pollutions. Cold
lotions; the cold bath: a mild diet; active exer-
cise. Ac, are the only means that can be adopted
for its removal.
Satyiuasis Fi'rems, Satyriasis.
SATYRIAS.MUS, Satyriasis.
SATYRION, Orchis maseula.
S A TY U I S M US, Sa tyriasis.
SATYRIUM, Goodyera pubescens.
SAUARJA. Saoria.
SAUCE-ALONE, Alliaria.
SAUCK, GREEN, Rumex scutatus.
SAUCII. Salix.
S A U E R K R A U T, (G.), ' sour cabbage,' (F.)
CliDH-criidte. A culinary prejiaration, made with
chopped cabbage, left to attain an incipient state
of acetous fermentation. It is reputed by the
Germans to be salubrious, easy of digestion, and
eminently antiscorbutic.
SAUGE, Salvia — «. des Boia, Teucrium scor-
(^ium — «. Grande, Salvia sclarea — a, Hormin,
Salvia horminum — a. de .Tfnianlem, Pulmonaria
g. Petite, Salvia — a. Sclarde, Salvia sclarea.
SAUGH, Salix.
SAULE, Salix.
SA UMURE. Muria.
SAUNDERS, RED, Ptcrocarpus santalinus —
s. Tree, Ptcrocarpus santalinus — s. Y'cUow, San-
taluin album.
SAURA, Lizard.
SAURU'RUS CER'NUUS, from cavpo^, 'a
lizard,' and oupu, 'a tail.' Lizard's Tail, Breast
iceed. Indigenous; Ort/ec, Saururaceaj ; flower-
ing in June. It has been used in lumbago. The
bruised root is emollient, and is a popular ap-
plication to inflamed breasts.
SAUSAGE POISON, Allantotoxicum.
SAUT, Leap.
SAUTEUSES, see Convulaionnaire.
SAUVE-VIE, Asplenium ruta muraria.
SAVE, Sage.
.S"^ VEUli, Savour.
SAVINE, Juniperus sabina.
SA VINIER, Juniperus sabina.
SAVON. Sapo — 8. Aminoniacal, Linimentum
nmmoniae fortius — a. Cacao, Sapo coconeus — a.
Calcaire, Linimentum aqua caleis — s. Dnr, Sapo
durus — *. Medicinrd, Sapo medicinalis — 6-.3Juu,
Sapo mollis — s. JVoir, Sapo mollis.
SAVONNIER CO MM UN, Sapindus sapo-
naria.
SA VONNTERE, Saponaria.
SAVONULE, Snponulus.
SA VONULUS, Saponuhis.
SAVORY, CILIATED, Satureia capitata— s.
Summer, Satureia hortensis.
SA'VOUR, Sapor, Taste, (F.) Savew. Quality
of bodies, by which they act upon the sense of
taste. Chymists, at times, avail themselves of
this quality to analyse an unknown substance.
SA VOUREUX, Savoury.
SA'VOURY, Sap'idus, (F.) Savoureux. An
epithet given to bodies that have taste; and
particularly to those that excite a very agreeable
impression on the organ of taste.
SAVOYAN, Galium verum.
SAW, Prion, Serra,{T)n.) Sawe, (Sax.) rajE,
(F.) Scie. A surgical instrument, made like a
common saw ; and used for sawing the bones in
amputations, or for removing exostoses, kc. Saws
of different sizes and shapes are used in surgery.
The crown of the trepan is nothing more than a
species of circular saw.
Saw, Amputa'tion, Serra amputato'ria. The
saw used in amputation.
Saw, Hey's. An instrument used by Mr. Hey,
of Leeds, in fractures of the cranium. It consists
of a long handle, to which a small saw with a
convex or straight edge is attached, and by which
a piece of bone of any shape may be removed.
With the trephine, the saw must always be cir-
cular.
SAW PALMETTO, Cham^rops serratula — s.
AVort, Liatris.
SAXIF'RAGA, from saxum, 'a stone,' and
fraiKjo, 'I break.' Pimpinella sasifraga — s. An-
glica, Peucedannm silaus.
Saxif'haga Crassifo'lia. Ord. Saxifragacere.
Sex. Si/st. Decandria Digynia. The root of this
species of saxifrage has been extolled by Pallas,
as pre-eminently antiseptic.
Saxifhaga Graxula'ta, S. alba, Santc'ula,
Sednm, White snx'ifrnge, (F.) Saxifrage granulte.
Recommended as diurectic and lithontriptic ; but
not used.
Saxifraga RrBRA, Spiraea filipendula — s.
Vulgaris, Peucedannm silaus.
SAXIFRAGE. BURNET, Pimpinella saxifraga
— g. Grauulee, Saxifraga granulata — s. Meadow,
Peucedanum silaus — s. White, Saxifraga gra-
nulata.
SAXIFRAGITS, Lithontriptic.
SAXON'ICUS PULVIS. A powder, prepared
with the roots of the wild and cultivated ange-
SCAB
822 SCAMNUM HIPPOCR ATICUM
lica ; the asclepiiis vincetoxicuin, &c. It was
considered formerly as an antidote.
SCAB, Sca'bies, from scabcre, 'to dig.' Scall,
(Prov.) Jiove. An incrustation, which forms
upon a sore, owin<; to tVie concretion of the fluid
discharged from it. An eschar.
SCABBY or SCABBED. Covered or diseased
with scabs.
SCABIES, Psora — s. Agria, Lichen — s. Ca-
pitis, P(]rrigo lnpinosa, Porrigo scutulata — s.
Capitis favosa, Porrigo favosa — s. Crustosa, Rad-
zyge — s. Fera, Ecthyma.
Sc.v'biks Feki'na, Ilch of animals, Mange, (pro-
nounced MaijHfjc.) A cutaneous disease, which
affects almost all domestic animals, hut especially
the horse, sheep, dog, and cow. It is said to
have been transmitted to man; but this is ques-
tionable.
Scabies Ferisa, Psoriasis — s. Norwegica
Boeckii, Radzyge — s. Papuliformis, Prurigo — s.
Sicca, Lichen, Psoriasis — s. Venerea contagiosa,
Scherlievo.
SCATUEUSE ORDINAIRE, Scabiosa.
SCABIOLA, Scabies.
SCABIO'SA, S. nrveii'sis, Tri'chera arven'ais,
Field Sca'hious, (Sc.) Eastniiig wort, (F.) Scn-
biense ovdinnire, Ord. Dipsaceae. Sex. Synt.
Tetrandria Monogynia. From scaber, 'rough,'
owing to its rough hairy surface.' The plant is
hitter and sub-astringent, and was formerly used
in the cure of leprous affections and diseased
lungs.
Scabiosa Arvensis, Scabiosa — s. Carduifolia,
Echinops.
Scabiosa Sncci'sA, Snccinn, S.praten'niH, Anfe-
roccp!i'(diis siif'cisa, 3Iornus Diab'oli, Devil's bit,
(F.) Morn dn Diable, has similar properties.
SCABIOUS, Erigeron Philadelphicum — s.
Field, Scabiosa — s. Sweet, Erigeron heterophyl-
lum.
SCABISH. CEnothera biennis.
SCABBITIES, Lichen, Trachoma.
SCALA., 'a ladder.' A machine formerly used
for reducing dislocations of the humerus.
ScAL^ OF THE Coch'i.ea, Gyri scu Diicliis spi-
ra'les seu Cana'les cochlea, ( F. ) lianqies ou
Echelles da LimaQ'Di — are the cavities in the
cochlea, separated from each other by the spiral
septum. The one — Sc(da inlev'na seu 2><>''fe'rior
seu inferior coch'lecp, S. tym'pani — would com-
municate with the cavitas tyrapani by the fenes-
tra rotunda, were it not for the membrane that
closes it. The other — Scala exter'nn seu ante'-
rior seu superior coch'leo', S. vestib'uli — 0])ens
into the cavity of the vestibule. The scalae com-
municate vpith each other by an opening at the
top of the partition.
Scala Anterior Cochlea, see Scala — s.
Clausa, see Scala — s. Externa cochleno, see Scala
— s. Inferior cochleae, see Scala — s. Interior coch-
lea?, see Seala — s. Posterior cochlear, see Scala
— s. Superior cochleae, see Scala — s. Tyrapani,
see Cochlea, and Scala — s. Vestibuli, see Coch-
lea, and Scala.
SCALD RICKS, Sinapis arvensis.
SCALE, Sax. icale, from rcylan, 'to divide,
.•separate;' (G.) Schale, 'shell, peel;' schalen,
•to shell, to peel.' Squama, Lepis, (F.) Escaille,
Ecaille. An opake and thickened lamina of
cuticle, commonly produced by some degree of
inflammation of the true skin, over which it is
formed.
Scale, Dry, Psoriasis.
SCALENE ANTERfEVR, Scalenus anticus
— 0. Posterietir, Scalenus posticus.
SCALE'NIIS, anaXrivo;, 'irregular or unequal.'
Geometers employ this word to designate a tri-
angle whose three sides are unequal. Anatomists
have given the name to two muscles. I. ScALKxr.<?
Anti'cus, Portion of the CoHto-trachelian (Ch.),
(F.) Scalene antirienr. is situate at the internal
and inferior parts of the neck. It is long iind
triangular; and is inserted, below, al the upper
surface of the first rib; and, above, at the ante-
rior tubercle of the transverse processes of the
3d, 4th, 5th, and (ith cervical vertebrw. This
muscle bends the neck, and draws it to its side.
It can also raise the first rib. 2. Scalenus Pos-
Tl'cus, (F.) Scalene poslfrienr, Portion of the
Conto-traehelian (Ch.), is situate behind the Inst,
It is, also, long and triangular; but more bulky
than the S. anticus. It is attached, below, to tho
outer surface of the first two ribs ; and tcrininjitcs,
above, at the summit of the transverse processes
of the last six vertebra) of the neck. This mus-
cle bends the neck laterally, and can elevate the
first two ribs. Some anatomists, as Albinus and
Sommering, have described five scnleni niusclts
on each side, and have called them Sealcm s
prior, S. min'imna, S. latera'tis, S. nie'dins, S.
posti'cHs. Riolan and Chausjier only describe
one scalenus muscle on each side. Cowper and
Douglas, and the generality of the English ana-
tomists, admit three, S. anti'cus. nie'dins. nnd
posti'cns ; or, primus, secun'dus, and ter'tins ;
Winslow, Boyer, and many of the French anato-
mists,— two, as above described.
SCALING — same etymon as Scale — in dentis-
try, is an operation, which consists in removing
the tartar from the teeth.
SCALL, ( (Sc.) Skaio,) Impetigo. Scab— s. As-
bestos, see Eczema of the hairy scalp — s. Crusted,
Impetigo — s. Dry, Psoriasis — s. Honeycomb, Por-
rigo favosa — s. Humid, Eczema — s. Milky, Por-
rigo larvalis — s. Papulous, Ecthyma — s. Running,
Eczema, Impetigo — s. Vesicular, Eczema capitis
— s. Washerwoman's, Psoriasis diffusa.
SCALLARD, Porrigo.
SCALLED HEAD. Porrigo, P. scutulata.
SCALP, Tent. Schelpe, 'ashell.' (Old Eng.)
Scop. The integuments covering the head. The
hairy scalp is called, also, Ca])illit"ium, Tricho'-
ton, Ccesn'ries, (P.) Chevelure, Cuir cherelu.
SCALPEL, Scalpcl'bnn, Sealpel'lus, Culler,
Inciso'rium, Smi'leon ; from scalpo, ' I cut.' A
cutting instrument, formed of a blade of well-
tempered steel, very sharp, of variable shape and
size, and fixed solidly in a handle. Its ice is to
divide the soft parts in operations, dissection, Ac.
SCALPELLUM, Scalpel— s. Lenticulare, Pba-
copis.
SCALPELLUS, Bistonri, Scalpel.
SCALPEUM, Bistonri.
SCALPRUM, Raspatorium — s. Chirurgicum,
Lancet.
ScALPRUM Denta'rH'M, Limn dentn'ria. A
tooth-file. A dental file or file used by the
dentist.
Scalpritm Rasorium, Raspatorium.
SCALY. Squamous.
Scaly Diseases or Squamj«, Lepido'ses, form
the second order in Willan and Bateman's system
of cutaneous diseases.
SCAMMA, Fossa.
SCAM3I0NEE D'ALEP, Convolvulus scam-
monia.
SCAMMONIUM, see Convolvulus scammonia
— s. Syriacura, Convolvulus scammonia.
SCAMMO\Y, Convolvulus scammonia.
ScAMMONY, Bourbon. The concrete juice of
Periploca Manritinnn.
ScAMMONY, Germany. The concrete juice of
Convolvulus sepium.
ScAMMONYOF MoNTPELLiER, Cynanchum Mon-
spelincum.
SCAMNUM HIPPOCRAT'ICUxM, {scavimm,
SCAXDIX
823
SCAPULAR
'n bench.') Tinthron IUppocrnli'on of Galen,
(F.) H'tiic d'l/iiipociate. A iiiaehine invented
by Hii)p<)crates for reducing fracttiires. It was a
sort of l>eil, six feet l()ng, on which the patient
was fixcil. Straps were attachcil al)ove and be-
low the fracture or luxation, and extension and
counter-extension were effected by a winch. It
is described in Galen, Oribasius, Scultetus, Ac.
See Biithron.
8CANDIX. S. ccrefolium.
ScA.NDix BiiLBOCA.sTANii.M, Buniutn bulbocas-
tanuin.
ScANDlX Cerbpo'lhivt, Smncllx, Scnndi/.t,
Pec.teti Veii'eris, Cerefnlinm, Daitcus Scprhi'iiis,
Chmi'ophjll'lum, Ch. Sat't'w.m, seu Cerefu'liuni,
Anthrln'ciiK eere/dliiun, Oh(Trefn'lhtm, Chenul,
(F.) Cerfnnil. Oi-d. Uuibelliferae. Sex. SijKt.
Peutandria Digynia. A culinary herb, which is
slightly aromatic and grateful. It is said to be
gently aperient and diuretic.
ScAVDi.X Odoha'ta, Sweet Cic"ehj. Properties
the same as the other. Also, Chaerophyllum
odo^itum.
SCANDULARIUS MUSCULUS, Parathenar,
Triinsversus pedis.
SCANDYX, Scandix cerefoliura.
SCAPHA, ScupJiHs, ' a skiff or cock-boat,' from
ffKaiTTii), '1 make hollow.' The excavation or
cavity of the external ear, between the helix and
nnthelix. The meatus auditorius externus. The
riiua vuiviB. Also the name of a bandage for the
lioiid, inctitioned by Galen, and called, likewise,
Thnliin Diode' US.
iJCAPIIIA. Nates.
RCAPTirON, Cranium, Papaver (Capsule).
SCA'PIIIUM OCULA'llE, Pelvis OcuWris,
Ei/<!-(/l<ifis, (F.) Bussin ou Gondule oculaire,
(Eillilii-e. A small porcelain, glass or metallic
vessel, used for applying lotions to the eve.
SCAI'lIO-CARPO- SUPER- PHALANGEUS
POLLICIS. Al)ductor pollicis brevis.
SCAPHOID, Scaphoi' den, from oKiKprj, 'a skiff,'
and nSoi, 'form.' A name given to several parts.
ScAiMion) Fossa, Fossa Scaphut'des, (F.) Eii-
./oiicemeiit Scapho'ide. A small cavity at the
upper part of the internal ala of the pterygoid
process, in which the peristaphylinus internus is
attached.
ScAi'HOiD Bone of the Hand, 0-i Scapko'ides
Miiuus sen iinvieuln're seu c_i/inbi/or'iiie, Boat-like
banc, (F.) Scapho'ide de la main. The first bone
of the first row of the carpus. The upper sur-
iiice is convex, and articulated with the radius.
The under and outer surfaces are also convex, —
to he articuhited with the trapezium and trape-
zoides. Between the upper and under cai tilagi-
nous surfaces there is a rongh fo>'sn for the inser-
tion of the capsular ligament. The anterior and
inner surface has an oval cavity, where it is arti-
culated with the OS magnum, which gives name
to the bone. There is a process on the outer end
of the bone, for the attachment of part of the an-
terior transverse ligament of the wrist.
Scaphoid Bone of the Foot, Os Seaphoides
Pedis seu navicida're seu cymhifor'me, Boat-like
hone, (F.) Scapho'ide da Pied. This bone is
situate at the forepart of the astragalus and inner
part of the foot. The posterior surface forms a
cavity, somewhat like that of a boat, for receiving
the head of the astragalus. There is a promi-
nence at the inner side of the bone, for the inser-
tion of tendons, muscles, and strong ligaments.
The forepart of the bone is convex, and divided
into three articular surfaces for articulation with
the ossa cuneiformia. Between the os naviculare
and astragalus, the foot has its principal lateral
and rotary motions; although each of the other
ioints of the tarsus contributes a little. Part of
the tibialis posticus is inserted into it.
SCAPHO'IDE DE LA MATX, Os seaphoides
manfls — s. dn Pied, Os seaphoides pedis.
SCAPHOIDO - ASTRAG ' ALAN, Scaphoido-
aslrayala'niis. That which relates to the sca-
phoid bone and astragalus. The articulation of
these bones is so called ; and the ligament which
strengthens it is termed the Scajjho'ido-astragalan
liyaiiient.
SCAPIIOIDO-CUBOID, Scapho'tdo-cnhoida-
us. That which relates to the scaphoid and cu-
boid bones. The articulation of those bones is
so called.
SCAPHULA, Navicularis fossa.
SCAPHUS, Auditory canal, external, Rima
vnlvie, Scapha.
SCAP'ULA, Scap'vhim, Plata, Omopla'ta, Ho-
moplata, Scop'tida, Epino'tion, L<ititu'do hii'nieri,
Oniop'late, Os latum hn'meri, Scutum tliora'cis
seu cordis, Spath'ula, Pteri/f/'iu7n, Chelo'nium,
S/jitt'ula ; Blade-bone, Shoulder-blade, (Prov.)
Shield-bone, Plate-bone, Spade-bone, (F.) Omo-
plafe. An irregular, broad, flat bone, of a tri-
angular shape, situate at the posterior part of the
shoulder. It has, 1. A jjosterior or dorsal sur-
face or Dorsum, Tesiu'do scapu'lcB, divided trans-
versely into two parts, by a triangular process,
called Spine of the Scapula ; which terminates
by a considerable eminence, called Acromion.
Above the spine, is the Fossa eiipra-spinata ;
below it, the /'. infra-sj)inata. 2. An anterior
or costal surface or venter, forming the Fosrk,
subscajiularis. .3. A superior or cervical edge,
which is thin, and terminates, anteriorly, by a
strong, curved apophysis, called the coracoid
2)rocess. 4. A posterior or vertebral edge, called,
also, the base. 5. An outer or ajcillary or infe-
rior edi/e, having a thick, truncated angle, in
wiiich is the glenoid cavity. AVith this is articu-
lated the head of the humerus. The glenoid
cavity is separated from the body of the bone by
a narrow part called the cervix or ueck. The
edges or margins are, also, called costa>. Tlie
scapula has three angles — an inferior, superior,
and anterior.
Scapula, Humerus.
Scapula Nasi, Partes latera'les nasi. The
lateral parts of the nose.
SCAPULAL'GIA ; from scaptda, 'the shoul-
der-blade.' and aXyos, 'pain.' Arthralgia of the
shoulder-joint.
SCAP'ULAR, Scap'ulary, Scapula'ris, (F.)
Scapnlaire, from scapula, ' the shoulder-blade.'
That which relates or belongs to the scapula.
Scapular Aponeuro'sis. A broad, thin apo-
neurosis, with decussating fibres ; which is at-
tached, above, to the spine of the scapula; below,
to a crest between the teres major and infra-spi-
natus : within, to the spinal edge of the scapula ;
and which, at its middle, unites with the thin
aponeurosis that covers a part of the external
surface of the deltoid.
Scapular Arteries. These are several.
a. The Superior scaj^nlar. Superficial scapular
of Somraering, Dorsa'lis seapnlcB superior, Trans-
versa'lis scapulcB, T. Hu'meri. This arises from
the subclavian ; and often from the inferior thy-
roid, or from a trunk common to it and the pos-
terior scapular or transverse scapular or cervical.
It passes behind the clavical. above the superior
edge of the scapula, and buries itself between the
dorsal surface of that bone and the muscles in-
serted into it. b. The inferior scapular or com-
mon scapular or internal scapular or subscapular
artery, A. Thorac"ica axilla'ris seU ala'ris is of
considerable size. It arises from the inferior part
of the axillary artery, behind the brachial plexus
— gives off several branches to the armpit, an. I
divides into two branches: — the one, Scapula'rii
SCArULARE
824
SCELOS
interna, and tlie smaller of the two, is distribu-
tcil, almost entirely, to the serratus tuajor anti-
cus, and latisfimus dorsi ; the other, the larger
of the two, the Dormi'liH Scap'ula iuferinr ijeu
CiivHtiijitx'a Scajjuld'ris, whieh distributes its
branches to the subscapular and supra-spinal,
jiikI infra-sjiinal regions.
ScAF'ULAU Notch, see Notch, scapular.
ScAi'iJLAK Veins follow the same course as the
arteries, which they accompany.
SCAPIILARE, Scapulary.
SCAP'ULARY, Scapuht're, Fascia Scapiila'-
rin, from scapiila. A broad, linen bandage, divi-
ded into two tails for three quarters of its length,
t!ie undivided extremity of whieh is attached to
the posterior and middle part of a bandage car-
ried round the body; the tails passing over the
f lioulders ; and being attached to the anterior
jiart of the body bandage, to prevent it from
.■■lipping down.
SCAPULODYN'IA, from smpnla, and oiwv,
'pain.' A hybrid word, signifying pain or rheu-
matism of the shoulder.
SCAP'Ul.O-HU'MERAL. An epithet given
to the Kliiiuhler-jdiiit. It is an orbicular articula-
tion, resulting from the reception of the head of
the humerus into the glenoid cavity of the sca-
jmla. To keep the bones in connexion, there
are: 1. A very strong, conoidal capsular liga-
ment; passing from the circumference of the gle-
noid cavity around the neck of the liumerus. 2.
A Jibro-cartilagiiioiia riii;/, called the glenoid liga-
ment, and a synovial capsule.
SCAPULO-HUMERAL, Teres major— s. //»-
V'fio-olecrniiien, Triceps extensor cubiti — ». Ny-
oiilicu, Omohyoideus — e. Radial, Biceps flexor
cubiti — «. Trochiteiien, (/rand, Infra-spinatus.
SCAPUS, Penis, see Hair.
SCAR, Cicatrix.
ScAK, Seam. To mark with a cicatrix or
seam; — as scarred, (Sc.) arred, means marked
with a cicatrix or seam.
SCARAB^OLUS' IIEMISPH^RICUS, Coc-
cus cacti.
SCAR'BOROUGH, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Sc'irhiiroiKfh Spa. A celebrated English chaly-
beate, at Scarborough, in Yorkshire. One of the
springs is a simple, carbonated chalybeate, like
that of Tunbridge : the other has an admixture
<if purging salt. Scarborough, having the addi-
tional advantage of sea-bathing, is much fre-
quented bv invalids.
SCARCHT, Hermnphrodite.
SCARDAMYtJ'MUS, .S'e«(Y/«m?/z'»s, (F.) Clig-
vciiieut, from oKiipiaiJvaaetv, 'to wink.' Winking.
SCARFSKIN, Epidermis.
SCARIFICA'TION, Scarificn'tio, Am>/x'is,
S'^haxis, Catacas' 1111(8, Cataclias'miis, Atnyg'mus,
Schasiiuis, Eiicharax'is, from aKapapaoyiai, 'to
make a slight scratch.' The act of scarifying.
Also, a small incision, Am'i/che, made into the
skin with a lancet, bistoury, or scarificator,
fur different therapeutical purposes, — as to
draw blood, or to discharge some effused fluid.
When the scarifications are very superficial, and
do not go farther than the skin, they are termed
liv the French, Jtfdnrhetnres.
' SCARIFICA'TOR, Scarificafo'rium, Schaste'-
riiim. Same etymon. An instrument for making
scarifications. It consists of a small brass box,
of a cubical shape, in which 10 or 12 lancet
points turn upon a common pivot. By means of
a spring, all these blades can be made to issue at
once, and make as many scarifications.
SCARIFICATORIUiVI, Scarificator.
SCARIOLA, Cichorium endivia, Lactuca sca-
riola.
SCARIOLE, Cichorum en-iivia.
SCARLATA, Scarlatina.
SCARLATI'NA, from (I.) scarlatic, 'a deep
red.' Scarlala, Eii<iiitlie'niH Jlosa'liii, Rnsu'lin,
JioHSa'lin, R. sqiiaiiiu'sa, RoHu'licF, Ji'ulie'olcB, of
some, Jforbil'li iij'nei seu conjiiieu'tcs, Murhnt
scarlatino'siia, Febris acurlaliiio'sn seu rubra,
Gul'tiiris tiiorbiis epideiii' Icim Furent'l, Piir'piira,
Typlins scarlati' inis, /'orplij/rin'miiH, I'orjijiyrin'-
ma, Scarlet or Raih-fcrcr, (F.J Fievre ruiiyc, F.
poiirpree. The cliaracteristie symptoms of scar-
latina are: — a scarlet flush, ajjpearing about the
second day of fever on the face, neck, and fauces;
and progressively spreading over the body : ter-
minating about the 7th day. Two great varieties
may be reckoned : — the S. siniplej- seu fibrin seu
beniij'tin seu sine aiitji'iid, in which the fever is
moderate and terminates with the cflloresceiiee;
prostration of strength being trifling, and the
contagious property slight; — and the S. Amjiuo'sa
seu J'aristhiiilt'ica seu Vynuuch'ica seu niiCiitr,
in which the fever is severe ; the throat ulcerated;
the eruption later in its appearance, and less ex-
tensive; often changing to a livid hue; the fever
being highly' contagious. Scarhiti'na maliij'iia
seu yru'vior, has been reckoned a variety of this,
in its worst degree. It agrees with the Cynanche
maligna of Cullen.
Scarlatina belongs to the Major exanthemata,
and is a disease, chiefly, of children. The eruption
diii'ers from that of measles, in being an efflores-
cence not raised above the cuticle. Measles, too,
is attended with catarrhal symptoms, whilst the
complication, in scarlatina, is cynanche. The
treatment of simple scarlatina need not he much.
It must be antii)hlogistic. If the throiit be very
much ulcerated, acid gargles and counter-irri-
tants must be employed ; and if the afFection be-
come manifestly typhoid, and the sore throat of
a malignant character, tlie case umst be treated
like typhus gravior; with antiseptic gargles of
bark, acid, ifec. Anasarca sometimes supervenes
on scarlatina, and requires attention. Purgatives
are here demanded as well as the use of sorbefa-
cients, such as mercury and squill, Ac.
Scarlatina Anginosa, see Scarlatina — s. Be-
nigna, see Scarlatina — s. Cynanchica, see Scar-
latina— s. Febris, see Scarlatina — s. Gravior, see
Scarlatina — s. Miliaris, Rubeola — s. Mitior, see
Scarlatina — s. Paristhmitica, see Scarlatina — 8.
Pustulosa, Rubeola — s. Rheumatica, Dengue —
s. Sine Angina, see Scarlatina — s. Urticata, Urti-
caria.
SCARLATI'NOUS, Scarlali'nal, Scarlatino'-
siis. Relating or appertaining to scarlatina.
SCARLET BERRY. Solanum dulcamara.
SCARLET FKVER, Scarlatina.
SCATACRASIA, Scoracrasia.
SCATACRATIA, Scoracrasia.
SCAW, Sambueus.
SCEAU DE SALOMON, Convallaria poly-
gonatum.
SCELAL'GIA, from (rxtAoj, ' the leg,' and uXyof,
'pain.' Pain of the leg.
ScELALGiA Antica, Neuralgia femoro-prelibi-
alis — s. Postica, Neuralgia fenioro-poplitea — 8.
Puerperarum, Phlegmatia dolcns.
SCELETEU'SIS. Mummification. Also.the
mode of making a skeleton, Skelelopoe'a, Syn-
tax'ia.
SCELETOLOGTA, Skeletology.
SCELETON. Skeleton.
SCELETOPCEA, Sceleteusis.
SCELETUM, Skeleton— s. Artificiale, sec Ske-
leton— s. Naturale, see Skeleton.
SCELONCUS, Phlegmatia d(dens.
SCELORRIIEU'MA, RhcimatiH'mm crurif,
from t!Ki\oi, 'the leg,' and piviia, 'defluxion,
rheumatism.' Rheumatism of the leg.
SCELOS, Leg.
SCELOTYRBE
825
SCIIWENDECK
SCELOTYRnE, Chorea, Porpliyra nautica —
f. Febrilis, see Subsultus tendiiiuin — s. Festinans,
Pariily.''is aKitans — s. Taraiuisiuus, Chorea.
SCEPAKNOX. Amnios, Asiia.
SCEPASTERI UM, Convrerhef.
SC fc) P A 8T K U M, Co » vrech ef.
SCEPTKUM, Penis.
SCIIA.SIS. Sciirifieation.
SCllAKMl'S, Scarifii-ation.
PCIIASTERION, Floaiii, Lancet, Scarificator.
SCIIK15A ARABUM, Artemisia santonica.
SCIIKDULA, Prescription.
RCIIERIJET', Sherbet', Serbet', Txrheibef. So,--
be'thiiiii, iSmbcl'tiiiii, iS'iirbe'liiiii. A drinlt prepared
I13' the Turl<!<, Persians, Ej^yptians, &c., with
sugar and the juice of acid fruits.
SCIIKRLIEVO, Sh-erljevo, Male di Seherlievo,
Millie (li lireiiii, Mule di Fiiniie, Ma/r di Scrtrlievo,
Male HvitbioHO vciiereo, Mai-ijiiietizzit, MurbiiH
Vi'oiitiis seu Jliiiniiiicii'iiiH, l<'iiiiiibw'ni(i Illyi'ica,
Scabien venerea eoiitaglo'stt. Venereal Iteh, A
name given to a partieuhir form of syphilis,
observed in Illyria. It is said to be ca|»alile of
being communicated without immediate contact;
and, that its i>rincipal symptoms are: — pains in
the bones, ulceration of the fauces, pustules, and
fungous growths in different parts of the body.
Affections, Icnown by this name, as well as by
those of ^/llll' di Jlremi, Fd/i-itdi'ud, lianla and
Freiiija, prevail in the frontier countries of the
Austrian empire, and are generally regarded as
contagious, of syphilitic origin, and as having
l)een introduced from a surrounding country.
The terms appear, however, in the course of time,
to have been applied to a variety of ulcers, erup-
tions, and other morbid conditions in no way
connected with syphilis, so that they lost their
peculiar signification. — Siguiund.
SCIIERO'MA. A dryness of the eye from the
want of lachrymal secretion. — Dictionaries.
sen IAS. Neuralgia femoro-poplitea.
SCIIIATrCUS. Sciatic.
SCIIIDAKIO'DON, S,hid>tce'diim, S:<hi)idare'-
diiiii, Srliiiid(d'(iiniis, Sehiiidiit'iintx, from oki^w,
. ' I cleave.' A longitudinal fracture of a bone. —
Galen.
SCHINDACEDUM, Schidakedon.
SCHINDALAMUS, Schidakedon, Schindy-
lesis.
SCHTNDALESIS, Schindylesis.
SCIIINDALMUS, Schidakedon, Schindylesis.
SCIIINDYLE'SIS, Srliindide'xis, Schindal'a-
niiiH, SchiiiditU iinifi. An articulation of bones —
by furrowing, as it were ; as in that of the vomer,
■ which constitutes, in part, the septum narium.
Also, the act of splitting into small pieces: from
axivivXtia, *I split into small pieces.' — Hippo-
crates.
SCIIINEL^'ON, from ox^vos, 'the mastic
tree,' and tAuinr, ' oil ;' Oleum leiitis'cinitm. Oil
of niiistic. — Dioscorides.
sen INOCEPH ALUS, Scillocephalus.
SCIIINOS, Scilla.
SCHINZNACII or IIAPSBURG, MINERAL
Waters of. These springs are situate three
leagues from Baden, and are amongst the most
celebrated bathing-places in Switzerland. The
waters are of the saline sulphurous kind ; and
have a high reputation in cutaneous and rheu-
matic affections, visceral obstructions, and glan-
dular enlargements. They contain sulphate of
lime, sulphate of soda, chloride of sodium, chlo-
ride of magnesium, sulphate of magnesia, sul-
phate of lime, carbonate of magnesia, and o.xide
of iron; sulphohydric acid, and carbonic acid
SCHISM A, Fissure. Rima.
SCllISTOCEPIl'ALL'S, from c^iaToi, 'cleft,
g"
separated,' and Kt<pa\ri, 'head.' A monster having
some part of the head cleft or fissured. — Gurlt.
SCHLSTOCOR'MUS, from axiaroi, 'cleft, sepa-
rated,' and Koiijwi, 'trunk.' A nionster having
some part of the trunk cleft or fissured. — Gurlt.
SCIIISTOM'ELUS, from ax^aros, 'cleft, sep.a-
rated,' and ^tAoj, 'a limb.' A monster whose
limbs are fissured.
SClIISTORRHACniS, ITydroraehis.
SCUISTOSO'MUS, from (r^'oroj, ' clett,' and
aiana, 'body.' A malformation of the abdfimen,
in which the fissure and eventration e.\t<iid over
the entire length of the abdomen; the lower ex-
tremities being absent, or very little developed,
so that the b(jdy appears as if truncated infe-
riorly. — Vogel.
SCIIIZA, Rima, Rima vnlvie.
SCIIIZATRICH'IA, J'ri,l,o>,'ehisi», S'-hizo-
trirh'ia, from ff,\<^w, 'I split,' and 0pi(, Tf>ixoi, 'a
hair.' The splitting of the hairs at their extre-
mities.— J. P. Frank.
SCHLANGENBAD, MINERAL AVATERS
OF. Sclilangenbad is a much-frequented water-
ing-place in Germany. The waters contain a
little carbonic acid, and carbonate of soda. Tem-
perature 86° Fahrenheit.
SCHNAPPS. SCHIEDAM, see Gin.
SCHNEIDERIAN MEMBRANE, Pituitary
membraiie.
SCIUENANTHUS, Juncus odoratus.
SCHOLA. School.
SCHOLLERA OXYCOCCOS, Vaecinium oxy-
coccos.
SCHOOL. Schola, (F.) Feole. A place of edu-
cation. In Europe the large Medical Schools are
usually attached to the universities. In England,
however, there has been no medical school of
celebrity at either of the universities of Oxford
or Cambridge; owing greatly to their provincial
situation. Of late, two schools have existed in
London, attached to the London University —
University College and King's College. Excel-
lent private schools have, however, long existed
in that metropolis. The medical schools of Eu-
rope which have been most celebrated, are those
of Edinburgh, Leyden, Berlin, Halle, Tubingen,
Paris, Montpellier, Bologna, Padua, Pa via, and
Pisa. Ill the United States, the medical schools
are numerous ; at this time not fewer, perhaps,
than 40. Those most numerously attended, are
Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia, the
medical department of the University of Penn-
sylvania, and the University of Nashville.
SCHOOLEY'S MOUNTAIN, MINERAL
WATERS OF. The waters of tliis New Jersey
Spring are a carbonated chalybeate. According
to Dr. McNevin, they contain extractive, chloride
of sodium, chloride of calcium, chloride of mag-
nesium, carbonate of lime, sulphate of lime, car-
bonate of magnesia, silex, and carbonate, and
oxide of iron.
SCHORBUTUS, Purpura.
SCHOUSB^A COCCINEA, Cacoucia coeci-
II ea.
SCIIWALBACH or LANGEN-SCHWAL-
BACn, MINERAL WATERS OF. Schwalbach
is a town of (Jermany, seated on the Aa, 32 miles
west of Frankfort. The waters contain chloride
of sodium, carbonates of lime and magnesia, iron,
sulphate of lime, carbonic acid, oxygen, &c.
Employed as a tonic.
SCHWANN, WHITE SUBSTANCE OF, see
Substance, white, of Schwann.
SCHWENDECK, MINERAL AVATERS OF.
These waters are about 5 leagues from Miiiiich,
in Bavaria. They contain carbonic acid ; carbo-
nate and sulphate of lime, chloride of calcium;
chloride of magnesium; carbonate of soda, and
SCIATIC
826
SCIRRIIUS
oxide of iron, and are much used for cutaneous
affections.
SCIAT'IC, Sciat'icns, Ischiat'i'c, Isdhiat'icim,
iSthint'icus, (F.) Scicitiqiie, from io-;^tov, 'the
haunch.' A word formed by contraction from
i«c/n'«(»'c, which latter is still used. See Isehiatic.
Sciatic Nerve, Gkeat, Xemis ischiad'icHu,
Great fem' oro-poplite' al (Ch.), (F.) Giaiid neif
Bciatlque, ought to be esteerued a continuation of
the sacral plexus. It issues from the pelvis be-
tween the pyramidalis and superior gemellus;
descends along the posterior part of the thigh ;
and after having given branches to the gemini,
quiidratus, obturator externus, glutieus niaximus,
semi-membranosus, semi-tendinosus, biceps and
third abductor muscles, it divides, about the in-
ferior third of the thigh, into two branches ; the
one, named the ejcteinai po^jliteal ; the other, the
internal.
Sciatic Nerve, Lesser, Inferior gln'feal
branch of the sacral plexus. Lender fern' nro-popU-
te'al nerve (Ch.), (F.) Nerf pietxt nciatiqne, which
seems especially formed by the 2d and ;id sacral,
is given off from the lower part of the plexus, and
escapes from tlie pelvis beneath the pyramidalis
muscle. It gives branches — nervi cnta'nei clu'-
iilnni inferio'res — to the gluteus maximus ; a
sciatic branch or infra-j^elvic cntaneans or peri-
neal vutaneiins, Pndenda'lis lonr/nn infe'rior, which
passes under the tuberosity of the ischium, and
furnishes filaments to the glutiXius maximus, and
to the muscles of the perinieum, urethra, penis,
scrotum, &c.; and a posterior femoral entaneons
branch — middle posterior cutaneous nerve — the
filaments of which traverse the femoral aponeu-
rosis, to be distributed on the skin of the poste-
rior part of the thigh. The principal branch of
the lesser sciatic nerve divides, near the ham,
into two or three filaments, which descend under
the integuments almost as far as the inferior part
of the leg.
Sciatic Notch, Great, Sciatic Fora'men, Tn-
cisu'ra ischiad'ica major, (F.) Grande echancrnre
Kciatiqne ou f/rand trim sciatit/ne, is a large notch
at the posterior edge of each os innominatum,
below the posterior and inferior iliac spine, which
is converted into a foramen by the sacrum and
sacro-sciatic ligaments. The lesser sciatic notch.
Jncisn'ra ischiad'ica minor, Luna Albi'ni, (F.)
Petite echancrnre ischiatique, is much smaller
than the last, from which it is separated by the
sciatic spine. It gives passage to the tendon of
the obturator internus, and to the internal pudic
vessels and nerves.
Sciatic Region, Ischiadic region.
Sciatic Spine, Spine of the Ischium, Spinous
Proc"ess of the Ischium, is a short, flat, pyramidal
eminence on the os innominatum, above the pre-
ceding foramen ; which gives insertion to the
lesser sacro-sciatic ligament.
SCIATICA, Neuralgia feinoro-poplitea.
SCIATIQUE, Neuralgia femoro-poplitea. Sci-
atic.
SCIE. Saw.
SCIENTIA IIERMETICA, Alchyray— s. Me-
dendi, Medicina — s. Mediea, Medicina.
SCIERO'PIA, from oKupos, 'shady,' and u-vi-,
'the eye.' A defect of vision, in which all ob-
jects have a darker hue than natural.
SCILLA, (TKiWa, from <r;)(;(^a), 'I cleave, I
Bplit' [?]. Seilla seu Sqnilla marit'ima, Sci/lla,
Aschil, Schinos, Oc'ulus Tyj>ho'nis, Ornithog'alum
tnarit'imum seu squil'la. Slella'ris seu Urijin'ea
ecilla, Cepa mari' n<i seilla, Squilla, Squill or sen
onion, Eije of Ti/phon, (F.) O'jnon marin. Ord.
Liliuceae. Sex. Sijsf. Ilexandria Monogynia.
Native of Spain, Austria, <tc. The bulb or root
of the squill has a bitter, nauseous taste, and is
extremely acrid; inflaming the skia when
rubbed on it. Its acrimony, on which its virtues
deijcnd, is destroyed by heat, drying, and keep-
ing. It is extracted by vinegar, spirit, and
water. In large doses, squill is emetic and ]iur-
gative ; in small doses, diuretic and expeclnrnnt.
Its active principle has been called sritlitiur.
Dose, gr. ,i to v of the dried root, united or ni)t
with mercury.
SciLLA Esculen'tA, Phalan'ijium esrulen'tnm,
Eastern Quaniash, Wild I/i/'acinlh ; indigenous;
flowering in May. An article of diet aMi(ii\i;st
the Western Indians. It is made into bread and
poultices for inflamed breasts.
SCILLFI'IC, Scillit'irus, (F.) Scillitiquc, f,„m
seilla, 's(|uill.' Containing squill.
SCILLOCEPll'ALUS, Schinoceph'alus. fi„m
oKiXXa, 'the squill,' and Ke<pa\ri, ' head.' One wlio
has a large bulbiform head.
SCINCUS, oKtyKOi or oKiyyoi. A species of
Saurus or Lacer'ta, common in Egypt, and much
extolled by the ancients as alexipliaruiic and
aphrodisiac.
SCIMTIL'LA VEN'ERIS, 'a spark, a relic of
Venus.' A name given, by Paracelsus, to the
impotence and loss of power in the limbs, pro-
duced by syphilis.
SCfNrJLLEMENT DE L'(EIL, Confiisio.
SCIOM'ACllY, Skioma'chia, Slnainarhia; from
oKia, 'a shade,' and ^a;^);, 'a fight.' A gymnastic
exercise with the ancients, which consisted in a
mock encounter at boxing and jumping with
one's own shadow.
SCIRHUS, Scirrhus.
SCIRPUS PALUSTRIS, Elcocharis pnhistris.
SUIRRHE, Scirrhus.
SCIRRIIOBLEPIIARONCIIS, see Sderiasis.
SCIRRJIOCELE, Orcheocele scirrhosa.
SCIRRJIOGAS'TRIA, Scirrhus r,nlrlr'ull,
(F.) Squirroijastrie ; from scirrhim, iind yaortip,
'stomach.' Scirrhus of the stomach.
SCIR'RIIOID, ScirrhoVdes, Srirrho'iles, from
oKipoi, 'scirrhus,' and ctSos, 'resemblance.' Re-
sembling scirrhus.
SCIRRHOMA, Scirrhus.
SCIRRliOPIITlIAL'MIA, SderophthaV mia,
from scirrhus, and o(/i^uX/joj, ' the eye.' Cancer
oc.'uli. Cancer of the eye.
SciRRHOI'HTHALMIA PALPEBRARUM, SCC Sclc-
riasis.
SCIRRIIOSARCA NEONATORUM, Indura-
tion of the cellular tissue. .
SCIRRTIOSIS, Scirrhus.
SCIRRHOUS, Scirrho'sus, (F.) Squirrheux,
from scirrhus. Of or belonging to scirrhus.
SciHUHotis Sarco'ma op Ad'ernetuy, Eni-
phij'ma sarco'ma scirrho'sum. Hard, rigid, vas-
cular infarction of glandular follicles; indolent,
insentient, glabrous: sometimes shrinking and
becoming more indurated. Found in glandulous
structures.
SCIRRIIUS, Scirhus, Squirrhus, Skirrhus,
Scirrho'ma, Scirrho'sis, Cancer scirrho'stis, Cur-
cino'ma simplex seu fihro'sum, Indura'tio nadi;/'-
na, Sclerus, Carcinom'atona sarco'ma. Hard nr
Fibrous cancer ; from o-Kipof, 'hard,' 'indurated;'
(F.) Sqnirrhe, Squirre, Schirre, Skirre, Cancer
durou squirrheux o\i fibreux. A disease, so called
from the hardness that characterizes it. It is a
state of induration, of a peculiar kind, affecting
glandular structures generally, but cajiable of
occurring in other textures. It usually precedes
carcinoma, of which it may, indeed, be considered
as the first stage. Scirrhus must not be con-
founded with the induration which succeeds in-
flammation, although the two states are often
complicated, and may stand, occasionally, in the
relation of cause and effect to each other. Scir-
rhus is ordinarily accompanied by violent shoot-
ing pains. It is also irregular on its surface;
SCISSIOX
827
SCOLOPOMACII.ERION
and when out into has a bluish or grayish white i
colour. Whon the furgeon is satisfied of the ex-
istence of scirrlius, he had better remove it at
once. No other treatment seems to possess much
advnntiif^e.
(jiilen uses the terra Scirrhn'sis for a livid ex-
crescence caused by inflammation.
SciKKHOS ET Carcinoma VENTiucri,!, see Gas-
trostenosis cardiaca et pylorica — s. Ilepatis, lle-
,patosfirrlius — s. Intesliiiorum, Enteropathia can-
corosa — s. Palpebrarum, sec Scleriasis — s. Tes-
ticuli, Sarcocele — s. Uteri, Metroscirrhus — s.
Ventriculi, Gastroscirrhus.
iSC/SSlOJV,.6ee Generation.
^SC/SSfPARlTB, see Generation.
SCISSORS, ScinKor, 'a carver,' from scindere,
sciHSiiiii, ' to cut.' Forfcx, Fitrpex, Ps<ilin, Toniin,
(F.) Ciieditx. A well-known instrument in com-
mon use, and often employed in surgery. Scis-
sors are composed of two cutting blades, crossing
each other and moving upon an axis. They are
etrair/lit or curved. Sometimes the curve is on
the flat side, when they are called, in France,
Ciieanx d cnillcr ; at others, on their edges.
The scissors, bent so that the blades make an
obtuse angle with the hiindles are also m\iph
used. They are called in France Cineaux cdiuli'".
Scissors are used for dividing soft, loose, isnhi-
ted parts, which it would be difficult to reiicli Miid
to cut with the bistoury. They are empioycil,
likewise, in the operation for harelip, and for re-
moving warts, fungous excrescences, <fec.
SCISSUHA, Fissure — s. Vulvjc, see llima.
SCrSSUK.T;, llhngades.
8CISSURE I)E GLASER, Fissure, glenoid—
g. Gniinl iiifdiaiie dn Ovrvelet, Valley — s. de San-
toriiil, Santfirini, fissure of.
SKERLJEVO, Seherlievo.
SCLAREA, Salvia sclarea.
SCLEREMA, Induration of the cellular tissue.
(.W/vAV^i*.!/ ft'. Induration of the cellular tissue.
SCl.KKEMIA, Induration of the cellular tissue.
SC h 10 K K M US. Induration of the cellular tissue.
SCLERKNCEPIIA'LIA, Lidma'tio cer'ebri,
from o-xX/jpof, ' hard,' and cyKcpa^ov, ' the brain.'
{F.) Eiidurcissement dn cerveaa. Induration of
the brain.
SCLERIA, Scleriasis.
SCLERI'ASIS, Sdero'ma, Sclero'sis, Scle'ria,
Scleryx'mHi, Seph' intit, from a^^^rip-c, 'hard.' Any
kind of hardness or induration. Sometimes hard-
ness of the eyelids, QiUo'iiitas aea Sch-rhophlhal'-
min sen Scirrliitx pulpehrn'nim, ScirrJiohlepha-
ron'ciis ; at others, hardness of the genital organs
of the female ; probably synonymous with scir-
rhus. — Galen. Paulus. Hardness of bones,
Frni/!!'!tfin Oi'shdn.
SCLERITIS. Sclerotitis.
SCLERODERMA, Induration of the cellular
tissue.
SCLERODES. Sclerotic.
SCLERO-IRITIS. Inflammation of the scle-
l-otic and iris.
SCLEROMA, Induration of the cellular tissue,
Scleriasis.
SCLEROMENINX, Dura mater.
SCLERONYXIS, Scleroticonyxis.
SCLEROPHTlIALMIA,IIordeolum,Scirroph-
thabnia.
SCLEROS, Hard
SOjjEROT'IC, Sclerot'ica, from cK'Xripou), 'I
harden.' Cornea opu'cn, Sclero'dea, Tiiiiicu dura
seu albiigin'ea seu dn'rior et crann'ior seu ex'tima
seu alhd seu caii'dida seu inuominu'ta oc'tili,
Srlcro'tii, (F.) S'clerotiqiie. A hard, resisting,
opakc membrane, of a pearly white colour and
fibrous nature, which covers nearly the posterior
four-fifths of the globe of the eye, and has the form
of a sphere truncated before. It is strengthened by
the expansion of tlie muscles of the eye, to whiih
expansion many anatomists have given the name
Tunica albiiylii'ea. It forms the vhite of the
eye, Albu'meu seu Album oc'u/i, Lou'vluiden, Linj'-
adeg, Loch'adcs, Len'cades. The sclerotic is pene-
trated posteriorly by a round opening, for the
passage of the optic nerve; and, anteriorly, it
has a much larger opening, into which the trans-
parent cornea is received. There are, besides,
many small oblong apertures in it for the passage
of nerves and vessels, proceeding to the interior
of the eye. Its inner surface is of a light brown
colour, owing to a delicate areolar tissue contain-
ing brown pigment cells; and hence called xVem-
br<i'un seu L'liii'iiia funca. In the faHus, the
sclerotic may be separated into two very distinct
laininiB.
SCLEROTICA CERATOIDES, Cornea.
SCLEROTICITIS, Sclerotitis.
SCLEROTICOXYX'IS, Schtronyx'h, Scleroto-
nyx'iii, from sclerotica, and vv^n, ' puncturing.'
Perforation of the sclerotica in the operation for
cataract bv depression.
SCLEROTICUS, Indurans.
SCLER O TIQ UE, Sclerotic.
SCLEROTIS, Sclerotic.
SCLEROTI'TIS. Injlnnima'tio Schrot'iccpJ.en-
ci'tis, Lonchadi'tin, Lor/adi'tin, Sderi'tin, Sclero-
citi'tia, Jiheiiniut'ic ophthaV inia, Ophlhal'mia ar-
thrit'ica, from sclerotica, and ilis, denoting in-
flammation. Inflammation of the sclerotic coat
of the eye.
SCLEROTTUM CLAVUS, see Ergot.
SCLERUXTICUS, Indurans.
SCLERUS, Induration, Seirrhus.
SCLERYNTICUS. Indurans.
SCLERYS'MA, from aK^npoi, 'hard.' Indura-
tion : also, induration of the liver.
SCLERYSMUS, Scleriasis.
SCLIRUS, Seirrhus.
SCLOPETA'RIUS, from eclopelum, 'a gun.'
Relating to a gun. Hence, Aqua nclopeia'rin, a
water for gunsliot wounds. Vul'nera sclopetu'ria,
gunshot wounds, &c.
SCL0PET0PLAG.5, Wounds, gunshot.
SCOBS, Prisma, Xijsma, liamen'tum, Rasu'ra.
A shaving; also, an alkali ; and the scoria of any
metal.
SCtENAXTHUM, Juncus odoratus.
SCOLECESIS, Helminthiasis.
SCOLECIASIS, Helminthiasis.
SCOLEX, Ascaris lumbricoides.
SCOLIOiMA, Scoli.>sis.
SCOLIO'SIS, Scolio'ma, Sl.-olio'sis, Rhacliio-
scolio'ma, from ckoXios, ' crooked.' A distortion
of the spine to one side. See Hump.
SCOLOPEXDRA, Asplenium sc(dopendrium.
SCOLOPEXDRIA, Asplenium ceterach, and
A. seolopendrium.
SCOLOPEXDRIUM LINGUA, Asplenium
seolopendrium —s. Officinarum, Asplenium
SCLF R0=;'aRC0'MA, from ffKX.7po5, 'hard,' and lopendrium — s. Phyllitis, Asplenium scolopen-
cap>!ioua ' a fleshy tumour.' A hard, fleshy tu- || drium— s. Ruta muraria, Asplenium ruta muraria
moiir s'cTted on the gums, and resembling a i —s. Vulgare, Asplenium se(dopendriuni.
cock-; comb? "" ' " ' ^ SCOLOPOMACH.E'RIOX.from<r-coXo.a|,'the
SCLEROSIS, Induration of the cellular tissue, ! woodcock,' and ^a;^aipa, 'a knife;' so called be-
SCLElioSTEXOSIS CUTANEA, Induration
cause it is bent a little at the extremity like a
woodcock's bill. A sort of blunt-pointed bistoury.
of the cellular tissue.
I, — Scultetus.
SCOLYMUS SATIVUS
828
SCROriIUL.E
SCOLYMUS SATIVUS, Cynara scolymus.
SCOOP, Teut. Schoepe, Cochlea' re, (F.)
Curette. A surgical instrument of the shape of
a spoon, which is used for the extraction of cer-
tain foreign bodies. The scoop is often employed
to extract balls impacted in the soft parts; to re-
move calculi from the urinary bladder in lithoto-
my, (fee. A small scoop is sometimes used to
extract foreign bodies from the meatus auditorius
externus, nasal fussfe, <fec.
SCOP. Head. Scalp.
SCOPA KEGIA, Ruscus.
SCO PAR [US, see Spartium scoparium.
SCOPE, dKowtj, Seijj)!/, Scop'ia, Scnpon, from
(TKOTreo), ' I look around.' A common suffix to
Words meaning 'view, inspection,' as cramoscopi/,
stetho«fo/)(/, (fee.
SCOPOLINA ATROPOIDES, Hyoscyamus
scopoliii.
SCOP TULA, Scopula.
SCOPULA, Brush.
SCOR, Excrement.
SCORACRATl'A, Scoracra'm'a, Scntacrn'sln,
Sfttncrnti'a, Copracrati'a, Coj^rncra'^in, Licoiiti-
ifn'tla A/iv', from tncw/), ' excrement,' and aKparta,
'want of control.' Want of power to retain the
fieces. Involuntary evacuation of the faeces.
SCO II BUT, Porphyra nautiea. Purpura hae-
inorrhagica — s. den Alpes, Pellagra — a. de Terre,
Purpura hiemorrhagica.
SCORBU'TIC, Scorhn'tlcn^, (F.) Scorbntlqiie,
From ncorhiitits, 'scurvy.' That which belongs to
scurvy. One affected with scurvv.
SCORBUTUS, Purpura — s. Alpinus, Pellagra
— s. Nauticus, Porphyra nautiea — s. Oris, Cancer
aquaticns.
SCORDINEMA, Carebaria, Pandiculation.
SCORDINIS.MUS, Carebaria, Pandiculation.
SCORDIUM. Teuerium scordium.
SCORDON, Allium.
SCORDOSMINE. Oxyd, cystic.
SCO HIT (I. Sulphur.
SCORIUM. Scrotum.
SCOROUOX, Allium.
SCORPIODEX'IS, from <r«op«o5, 'the scor-
pion,' and i>)^i!, ' bite:' — more properly, Scorpi-
ostig'mv; from aKopzins, and irriy/ia, ' puncture.'
The sfing nf the scorpion.
SCOK'PIOM, Scor'pii), Srnrp)iii>,{rrim OKopmoio,
' I enrage.' A genus of insects having a sting
at the extremity of their tail, with which they
make dangerous wounds. An Oil of Scorpion
was once made from them, which is not now used.
SCORPIOSTIGMA, Scorpiodexis.
SCORPIUS, Scorpion.
SCORTITM. Scn)tura.
SCORZOXE'RA, S. hn'milis seu Imin'tn sen
verro'id, Exeorzoiie'm, from iciirzo, old Spanish
f'lr a viper, VIpera'ria, Serpentn'ria Hispan'icn,
0/Jic"iiinl viper's r/rasn, Viper's grnxs, Goat's
f/rats. Family, Cichoraceae. Rex. Si/st. Synge-
iiesia Pcdysainia. The roots have been used as
nlexipharmics, and in hypochondriacal disorders
and obstructions of the viscera. The root of the
Scorzoiiern Ifispau'ica is esculent, but ineffica-
cious as a drug.
SCOTAS'MA, Scoto'mn, Scoto'dia, Scotn'sis,
Scotos : from oKoTOi;, 'darkness.' Ob'scurity of
vision, darkness, Snjfa'sio ra'dians. Also Sco-
to linia.
SCOTCH FIDDLE, Psor.a.
SCOTODIA, Scotasma, Scotodinia.
SCOTODIN'IA, Scoto'mn, Di„HsScoto'ma, Sco-
todi'iie, Tenebrjco'sa verti'go, Scnfos, Scotas'ma,
Scoto'sis, Scot'omy, from o-vorof, 'darkness,' and
iivti), 'I turn round.' Giddiness, with impaired
sight, often succeeded by headach. See Vertigo.
SCOTOMA, Scotasraa. Scotodinia.
SCOTOMY, Scotodinia.
SCOTOS, Seotasma, Scotodinia.
SCOTOSIS, Scotodinia.
SCOTT'S ACID BATH, Nilro.„n,ri„tic acid
bath. A bath of dilute acjua regia, employed l)y
Dr. Scott, of India, as a remedy in hepatic di.s-
eases. Three pints by measure of muriatic acid,
and two of nitric acid, are mixed to form Iho
aqua regia. In preparing this for use, a pint of
it is mixeil with an equal quantity of water.
The acid bath consists of three ounces cf this
dilute acid to every gallor. of water.
SCOUR. Diarrhoea.
SCOURING, Diarrhnea.
SCRAT, Hermaphrodite, Psora.
SCRATCH, Psora.
SCREATUS, Excreation.
SCR I PLUM, Scruple.
SCRIPTIU.M, Scrui)le.
SCRIPTULUM, Scruple.
SCRIPULUM, Scruple.
SCRIPULUS, Scruple.
SCRIVENER'S CRAMP, Cramp, writers'.
SCROBIC'ULUS, Scrobic'ulum, (F.) Fomette.
A little ditch or furrow; diminutive of scrubs,
' a ditch.'
ScuoBIc't'I.tTS Cordis, Anticar'dinm, Prorar'-
diiim, (F.) Fossette dii coetir, ABont-cijeur, Aiili-
coeur. The pit of the stomach. The depression
■at the anterior part of the abdomen, below the
xiphoid cartilage.
ScRoBict'i.us VARioLiE, Pockmark.
SCROFFiE, Scrofula.
SCROF'ULA, Scroph'ula, Scroph'idfr. ; from
snrofa, 'a sow ;' as Chceras is from %o(po5, 'a hog,'
because swine were presumed to be sul>ject to a
similar complaint. Scrophiilo'sis, Morbus scrophu-
lo'siis, Vit"iurn scrophnlo'sum, O^icochym'ia seu
Cachex'ia seu Dyscra'sia scroplnilo'sa, Pada
troph'ia c/Iaiidulo'sa, Struma, Chopras, Coiras,
Tabes GUvidula'ris, Adeito'sia scrofulo'sa, Scroffa>,
Kiiiifs evil. The Evil, Quince, Gruels (Scottice),
(F.) Scrophnles, Scrofules, Sirumes, Ecroue.llcs,
Humenrs froides, Tubercules des f/landes lyinpha-
tiques, Jfal da Jioi. A state of the system cha-
racterized by indolent, glandular tumours, chiefly
in the neck; suppurating slowly and imperfectly,
and healing with difficulty ; the disease ordinarily
occurring in those of a sanpiine temperament,
with thick upper lip, &c. The tumours, after
suppuration, degenerate into ulcers; which, in
process of time, cicatrize, leaving gears. The
internal organs are apt to be attaekeil in those
disposed to scrofula; hence they are often the
subjects of phthisis and mesenteric affections.
Scrofula is hereditary; and is frequently excited
by insufficient or improper regimen, and by a
close, confined air during the first years of exist-
ence. The best treatment is : — to strengthen the
system by animal diet; pure air, and exercise,
cold bathing, or sea-water bathing, &c.
Scrofula Abdominalis Intbrna, Physconia
strumnsa.
SCROFULAIRE, Scrophularia nodosa — *.
Aquatique, Scrophularia aquatica.
SCROFULARIA, Scrophularia.
SCROFULES, Scrofula.
SGltOFULEUX, Scrofulous.
SCROF'ULOUS, Scrophulo'siis, Scrophuln'rius,
Strumous, Strumo'sus, (F.) Scrofiileux, Slrumeux.
Suffering from, or relating to, scrofula.
SCROOBY-GRASS, Cochlearia officin.alis.
SCROOF, Scarf.
SCROG-LEGGED, Cnemoscoliosis.
SCROPHULA, Scrofula— s. Mesenterica, Tabes
mesenterica — s. Moluccana, Framboesia.
SCROPHULA, Scrofula— s. Gonorrhoicae, Go-
norrhoea impura.
SCROPIIULARIA
829
SEBACEOUS
SCROPIIULA'RIA, from nrro/.ila, against
which it has hiien einployc'd. S. Nodosa.
ScHoi'rii'LA'luv AgiTAT'icA, /Jel-m'i'ca nqnnt'-
ica, Fic't'rid, Ferra'rui, C'(i«lrau'</iilti, Greater
Water Fitjwort, Water Uet'ony, (F.) Scro/nlaire
aqiiuttqiie. Ord. Scrophuhiriacoic. The leaves
are celebrated as correctors of the bad flavour
of Bcnna. They were at one time regarded as
eminently antiscrofulous, stomachic, and carmi-
native.
ScKopiiiTLAKiA FciiTiDA, Scrophnlaria nodosa
— s. Lanceulata, S. Nodosa — s. Marilandica, S.
Nodosa — s. Minor, Ranunculus fiearia.
Schophula'kia Nodosa, S.fve'tida seu vuhjn'-
r\a seu Inuccohi'ta seu 3f<irilitn'dlcn, Jfillemor'-
bia, Scrophidd'ria, Fir/wort, Keiinelwort, Ilolmes-
xpeed, l/'id-a/l, (F.) Scro/ididre, Ilerhe anx ecron-
ellen. The root and leaves of this plant have
been celebrated, both as an internal and external
remedy, against inflammations, piles, scrofulous
tumours, ulcers, <fec.
■Scuoi'iiiii.Aiu A VuLGAitis, Scrophularia nodosa.
SCROPHULARIUS, Scrofulous.
SCROrilULES, Scrofula — «. Mesenteriquea,
Tabes iiiesenterica.
SCROPIIULOSIS, Scrofula.
SCROPIIULOSUS, Scrofulous.
SCROTAL, Sr.rntu'lis ; from scrotum. Relating
to the scrotum, — as Hernia scrotu'lln, scrotal
hernia.
Scrotal Nerve, see Genito-crural Nerve.
SCROTOCE'LE, Oscheocele, Oschooele. A
hybrid term; from (L.) ncrotion, and Kr,\,i, <a tu-
mour.' Hernia Scrota'/in, Scrotal her'nia. In-
guinal hernia, descending into the scrotum.
SCROTUM, from scortemt, Hcorteum, 'made of
leather' [?]. Sco'rinm, Quelle, On'cheus, Oi'chus,
Oieiin, Ou'elienn, Oeh'eiin, Perin, Scortiini, 3larsu'-
piniii. linr'mda, Biirna ten'tium seu viri'lia, Cap'-
ulus [?]. Orc/ian, FoUie'iiliiH ffenita'/is, Her'nia, the
Purse, the Cod, (F.) Les bourxex. The integu-
ments which cover the testes. These are nothing
more than a prolongation of the skin of the inner
part of the thighs, perinasutn. and penis. The
skin is remarkable for its brown colour, for the
numerous rugae, especially when the scrotum is
contracted; for the great number of sebaceous
follicles it contains; and for the long and few
hairs which issue from it in the adult. The scro-
tum is divided into two equal parts by a raphe,
which extends from the anus to the root of the
penis. Its organization is similar to that of the
skin of other parts of the body, e.Ycept that the
chorion is thinner.
ScnoTtrM Coi:ms, Pericardium — s. Pendulum,
Rhachosis.
SCRUBIE, Purpura nautica.
SCRUBIE-GRASS, Cochlearia officinalis.
SCIUJPLE, Diob'olon, Gramma'rium, Sern'-
Jiiiliin, Svrn'piiliini, Serip'in/iis, Serip'tidum,
Scrip'ttum, Scrip'idiiin, iS'eripliim, Scrip'iiliii. A
weight of twenty grains, Troy; twenty-four
grains, Poids de marc.
SCUDAMORE'S MIXTURE, see Mixture,
Scudamore's.
SCULL, Cranium — s. Cap, Calvaria.
SCURF, Sax. rcupF, Teut. Schorft; (Prov.)
iScronf, Fiir'/nra. Small exfoliations of the cu-
ticle are so called.
SCURFY, Furfnraceous.
SCURVY OF THE ALPS, Pellagra— s. Land,
Purpura hicmorrhagiea — s. Petechial, Purpura
simplex — s. Sea, P. irphyra nautica.
SCURVY GRASS, Sisyrinchium Bermudia-
num — s. Grass, common, Cochlearia officinalis —
s. Grass, lemon, Cochlearia officinalis — s. Grass,
wild, Cochlearia coronopus.
SCUTELLA, Cup.
SCUTELLARIA CAROLINIANA, S. integri-
folia.
Scutklla'ria Galericula'ta, from sctitella,
'a cup,' in allusion to the form of the calyx.
Cass'ida galaricida'ta, Tertiana' ria, Slcull-c'ap,
(F.) Casnide bletie, Toque. Ord. LabiatiB. Sex.
Syst. Didynamia Angiospermia. This plant has
a bitter taste and a garlic smell. It has been
esteemed especially serviceable in tertian ague.
Scutellaria Hyssopifolia, S. integrifolia.
Scutellaria Integripo'lia, S. hyisopifo'lin
seu Caroliiiia'iia, — another indigenous variety, —
is an intense bitter.
Scutella'ria Lateriflo'ra, Skid!-cap, Mad-
dog ukullcap, 3/adweed, Hoodworf, Blue Pimj)'-
ernel. An indigenous plant, which grows in all
parts of the United States in moist places. It
was at one time esteemed a preventive of hydro-
phobia, but is probably possessed of little virtue
of any kind. By some, however, it is regarded
as a good nervine.
SCUTICULA DIGITORUM MANOs, Pha-
langes of the fingers.
SCUTTER, Diarrhoea.
SCUTUL.E DIGITORUM MANfS, Pha-
langes of the fingers.
SCUTUM, Thyroid cartilage — s. Cordis, Sca-
pula, Sternum — s. Genu, Patella — s. Pectoris,
Sternum, Thorax.
Scutum Stomacii'icum. A large plaster, ap-
plied to the breast or stomach.
Scutum Thoracis, Scapula.
SCYB'ALA, plural i>i aKv0a\ov, 'dung.' Ente-
rol'ithns Scyb'aluin, Kxcreiiientn Alvi siceio'ra,
FcBces indnra'tce. Hard fecal matters discharged
in round lumps.
SCYLLA, Scilla.
SCYPJlOPliORUS PYXIDATUS, Lichen
pyxidatus.
SCYPIIUS AUDITORIUS, Infundibulum of
the cochlea — s. Cerebri. Infundibulum of the
brain — s. Vieusscnii, Infundibulum of the cochlea
SCYROS, Callosity.
SCYTALIUES DIGITORUM MANUS, Pha-
langes of the fingers.
SCYTIITCA, (RADIX,) Glvcvrrhiza.
SCYTIIROPASMUS, from oKve^oi, 'gloomy;'
OKvBpii>TTtiE^€iv, ' to look gloomy :' Vullni trl'ricns et
mcentiis. A gloomy, depressed countenance, of
bad augury in serious diseases
SCYTITIS. Cvtitis.
SCYTODEPrsiU.M, Tannin.
SEA AIR. The air in the neighbourhood of
the sea contains saline particles commingled with
it, which render it a valuable change for scrofu-
lous and debilitated individuals. The sea and
sea-coast are usually, also, more equable in their
temperature than places inland.
SEA SICKNESS, Nausea marina.
SEA-WARE, see Pila marina — S. ^Vater, see
Water, sea.
SEAL. GOLDEN, Hydrastis Canadensis — s.
Solomon's, Convallaria polygonatum — s. Solo-
mon's, great, Convallaria canaliculata — s. Solo-
mon's, smaller, Cimvallaria pubesceus.
SEA.M, Cicatrix.
SEARCHER, Body searcher.
SEARCHING, Sounding; from (F.) ehereher,
'to seek.' The operation of ascertaining, by the
introduction of a metallic instrument, whether
there is a stone in the bladder.
SEASONING, Acclimation— s. Fever, Fever,
stranger's.
SE.\T, Anus — s. Bone, Ischion.
SEBA CE, Sebaceous.
SEBA'CEOUS. Seba'ceno, (F.) Sebacg; from
gebnm, 'suet.' That which has the nature of
suet.
SEBASTOMANIA
830
SEDIMENT
Sebaceous Flux, Stearrhoea.
Skbackous, Skbip'auous or Skbif'kroi's
Glands, Sehitceoits Fol'licles or Cri/ptn, FolUc'idi
sebn'cei, Crypta scba'ce<p, Oil or MH'utry (jhiiids,
are sinall huHow origans, of a rounded or pyriforin
shape, seated in the substance of the skin, and
openinf; on its surface by a small, excretory duct;
furnishing a yellow, unctuous humour, Smegma
ciitn'nenin, Sebum ciita'neum. having some analogy
with suet, which is destined to lubricate the sur-
face of the body. Follicles of a similar nature
exist around the corona glandis of the male, and
under the skin of the labia majora and nj'niphiB
of the female. They secrete a sebaceous matter,
which emits a peculiar odour; and hence, after
the name of those who described them, have been
called Glaud'idcB odorif'ercR Ti/st/iii, G. Tyso'iii,
Glaiidi.dw Littria'ncB seu Littrii, Ti/xon's glatids,
(F.) Gliiiides de Littre; and, also, (ShiiididcB odo-
rif'ercB seu sebacece </lniidis, G. or'oucB penis,
FolUc'idi Kehii'cei coronm glandis, GlandulcB odo-
rifero'. prcp.pn'tii.
SEBASTOMA'NIA, from at^aaroi, 'worship-
ped,' and mania. Religious insanity, Demono-
mania.
SEBESTE'NA, Cordia myxa seu eebeste'na seu
Afriea'na seu domes'tica seu obli'qna, Sebesie'na
offirina'lis, Seb'esten, Sebsten, Myx<(, Corniia san-
(jnin'en, Primus sebesti'na. Smooth -leaved Cor'-
ilia, Assyr'ian plum, (P.) Sebestier myxa. Ord.
Cordiacea;. The dark, black fruit of the Sebes-
titia possesses glutinous and aperient qualities,
and is exhibited, in decoction, in various diseases
of the chest.
SRBESTIER MYXA, Sebestena.
SEBIFEROUS, see Sebaceous.
SEBIPAROUS, see Sebaceous.
SEOORRHAGIA, Stearrhoea.
SEBOKRHCEA, Stearrhoea.
SEBSTEN, Sebostina.
SEBUM, Pinguedo, Sevum — s. Cutaneum, see
Sebaceous glands — s. Palpebrale, Chassie — s.
Pneiiutiale, Smegma prajputii.
SECA'LE, S. cerea'le seu bnrba'tum. The Jtye
plant. (F.) Seiglc. Ord. Graminese. Rye is
chiefly used as an article of diet, particularly in
the northern parts of Europe, where a spirit is
also extracted from it. The grain is disposed to
acescency : and hence its internal use at first
generally produces a laxative effect.
Skcalk Baubatum, Secale — -s. Cornutum, Er-
got— s. Luxurians, Ergot — s. Materuum turgidum
seu temulcntum, Ergot.
SECALIS MATER, Ergot.
SECATEUR DES AMYGDALES, Amygda-
latome.
SECERNENT, Secreting.
SECERNING, Secreting— s. Substance of the
kidney, see Kidney.
SECESSIO FJ5CUM, Defecation.
SECESSUS NIGER, Melijena.
SEGHE, Sepia.
SECLUSORIUM, Sac.
SECONDARY, from seeundus, 'the second.'
Something that acts subordinately to another;
as the secondary symptoms of a disease ; that is,
those which supervene on the primary. A se-
coiidary amputation is one performed after the
constitutional effects of an injury have mainly
]'iassed away. See Fever, secondary ; and Hae-
iiiorrhagia, for Secondary Hemorrhage.
SECONDLXES, Secundines.
SECRETA. Same etymon as Secretion. Things
or matters secreted or separated from the blood.
SKi'RE'TING, Secreto'rius, Secer'ning, Se'-
cern'ent, Excer'nent, (F.) Secreteur, Secretaire.
f^ame etymon as Secretion. That which secretes,
— as a secreting organ.
SECRETIO, Secretion— s. Lactis, Oalnctnsis—
s. Lotii, Uropocsis — s. Urinaa, Uropoesis — s. Vi-
caria, see Vicarious.
SECRE'TION, Secre'tio, Apoc'risis ; from se-
cernere. secretum, 'to separate.' An organic func-
tion, which is chiefly executed in the glands, niid
consists in an elaboration or separation of ilio
materials of the blood, at the very extremities <if
the arterial system, or rather of the vascular se-
cretory system; and which diflfcrs in each organ
aecor<ling to its particular structure; hence the
formation of different fluids; — bile, saliva, urine,
milk, &c. The secretions are of three kinds: —
exhalant, follicular, and glandular. Simple se-
cretions are those which exist rcndy-furnied in
the blood, and pass out of the vessels by an act
of exosmose, whilst the more complicated are
formed from the liquor sanguinis by cell-agency.
The latter, alone, are, by some, called Secretions,
SEORETOIRE, Secreting.
SECRETORIUS, Secreting.
SECT, METHODICAL, Methodists.
SEC'TIO, Section. The act of cutting. A di-
vision.
Srctio Alta, see Lithotomy — s. Anatoniiea,
Dissection — s. Cadaveris, Autopsia cadaverica —
s. Cadaveris legalis, Autopsia cadaverica — s. C<e-
sarea, Ca?sarean section — s. Franeoniana, see
Lithotomy — s. Hypogastrica, see Lithotomy — s.
Lateralis, see Lithotomy — s. Legalis, Autopsia
cadaverica legalis — s. Mariana, see Lithotomy —
s. Nympharum, Nymphotomy — s. Perina;alis,
Perineal section — s. Rectovesicalis, see Lithotomy
— s. Renalis, Nephrotomy — s. Tendinum, Teno-
tomy— s. Vagino-vesicalis, Colpocystotomia — s.
Vesicalis, Lithotomy.
SECTION, Sectio — s. Sigaultian, Symphyse-
otomy.
SECUND^, Secundines.
SECUNDIN^, Secundines.
SECUNDINES. Hys'tera, Deulcr'ion, Metro;,
■ Secnn'dcB, Secundi'ncB, After-birth, {¥.) Arrih'e-
faix, Secondines, Belivre, from secundare, {scvuu-
dus, 'second.') 'to follow.' All that remains in
the uterus after the birth of the child, — viz., the
placenta, a portion of the umbilical cord, and the
membranes of the ovum. These are commonly
not expelled till some time after the birth of the
foetus ; hence their name. See JJelivraiice.
SECUNDUS PROPRIORUxM AURICULiE,
Retrahens auris.
SEDANTIA, Sedatives.
SED'ATIVES, Sedati'va, Pauon'ta, Scdan'tia,
Adec'ta, Catastal'tica, Deprinien'tia, (F.) S(da-
tifs, Cnlmants, Tempirants, from sedare, sedatum,
' to settle or assuage.' Medicines which directly
depress the vital forces, and which are conse-
quently employed whenever it is necessary to
diminish preternaturally increased action. The
chief reputed sedatives are : Acidum Ilydroeya-
nicum, Acidum Hydro-sulphuricum, 'labacum,
Missio Sanguinis, and certain gases by inhalation,
as azote, carbonic acid [?], carburetted and sul-
phuretted hydrogen.
SEDEM ATTbLLENS, Levator ani.
SEDES, Anus, Excrement — s. Cruenta?, Dy-
sentery, Haeraatochezia — s. Lactescentes, Coeliao
fiux — s. Procidua, Proctocele.
SEDHEE, Bangue.
SED'IMENT, Sedimen'tum, Lemma, Resideu'-
tia. Same etymon. (F.) Depot. A deposit formed
by the precipitation of some one or more of the
substances held in solution or suspension \>y a
liquid. That which is formed in urine, at the
time of cooling, has been called Hi/pos'tasiH. ////-
paste' ma, Residen'tia, Subsiden'tia, (F.) Depot de
I'urine. This sediment or deposit varies in dif-
ferent states of the system. In calculous affec-
SEDIMENTUM
831
SELTZ
tlons, it is one of the most important objects of
attention.
SEDIMENTUM, Sediment — s. Urinic lateri-
cium, see Lateritious — s. Urinae pityruides, see
Fiirt'uraceous.
SI'IDITIA, Nates.
SEDLITZ, MINERAL WATERS OF, Seid-
lilz w'liei: Springs in Bohemia, near Prague,
wliich are simple salines. They eontain suljjhate
and carl)onate of magnesia, chiefly chloride of
niaijnesium, sulphates of potassa, soda, and lime,
ciirlionic acid and carhonate of lime. They are
euiployed as purgatives in a multitude of diseases.
AiiTiFiciAL Skdlitz Powdehs, in jio respect,
however, resembling the natural ingredients, are
roniicd of Soda et Potussa tctrtraH ^\j, Sodcp. car-
him. ^ij, in one paper; Acid turUiric. gr. x.\xv,
in anorher. For half a pint of vrater.
SKDON nnULANT, Sedum — ». Reprise,
Scdinn telephium. "'
SEDUM, S. (tcie seu </facia'le seu minus sen
veniiicnld're, frotu sedeo, 'I sit/ owing to its at-
tachment to rocks and walls. I/lec"ehra, Hel-
lec"ebra, Ilhc"ebrum, Vermicula're, Vermicnla'-
rin, Piper murn'le, Senipervi'vii7n acre, Aei'chvy-
miti, yEo'iiion, Wall pepper. Jack of the Pnt'tery,
Pricket, Bird's bread, Stone crop, Jiitiny Stone
crop, Snudl Houseleek, (F.) Jonbarbe dcre, Orpin
brdliint, Vermicnlaire brAlante, Sedan brfdanl.
Off/. Crassulacete. Sex.Si/st. Decandria Penta-
gynia. In its recent state it is very acrid, and
proves both emetic and cathartic. Externally,
in the form of cataplasm, it produces vesications
and erosions. It has been recommended in can-
cerous and malignant ulcers.
Srdum, Saxifraga granulata — s. Glaciale, Se-
dum — s. Majus, Sempervivum tectorum — s. Mi-
nus, Sedum.
Skdum Tet-k'phhtm, S. tefepho'ides, Fnha erassa,
Crns'snln, C. Jfajor, IUec"ebra major, Tele'phinin,
Fahn'riu cras'snla, Faha crassa, Anncam])' seros,
A. al'bicana seu tripJnjIUa seu vulgit'ris, Orpine,
(F.) Sedan reprise. Grand orpin, Feve epaisse,
Jonbarbe des viynes, <fec. Formerly used as a
cataplasm in cuts, hemorrhoids, corns, whitlovrs,
<fec.
Sedum TELEPnoiDES, S. Telephium — s. Vermi-
culare. Sedum.
SEED, Sperm.
SRHMBNTA CARTILAGINEA, see Trachea.
SEGMENTA'TION, Serpnenta'tio, from Lat.
si-gmentum, 'a segment.* itself from xeco, 'to cut.'
The act of being divided into segments or por-
tions. (F.) Segmentation, Fractionnenie)it, SiUon-
nement. A term applied to the division of the
vitellus or yolk into 'segments;' each containing
a transparent vesicle, which maybe a descendant
of the primordial or germ cell.
SEGNIT"IA, Seynif'ies, from segnis, 'slug-
gish.' Sluggishness or torpor in the exercise of
a function : — as Segnities Alvi, Torpor of the
bowels; Segnities Virium, Languor.
SEGNITIES. Segnitia.
SEGRAY, MINERAL WATERS OF. Near
Pithiviers, in Gatinais, in the French department
of Loirct, there is a chalybeate spring, which has
.«(inie reputation.
SE(}U, Sago.
SEIDLITZ. Sedlitz.
SEIDSCIltiTZ. SEYDSCIIUTZ or SAID-
SCllUTZ, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bitter
sprinsrs. in the neighbourhood of those of PUllna
and Sedlitz, in Bohemia, which contain chiefly
!-ulpliale, nitrate, muriate, and carbonate of
magnesia, sulphates of potassa, soda, and lime;
carbonate of lime, iron and manganese. The
water is an excellent cathartic, and is well known
iu Europe.
SErOLE, Secale--*. Comn, Ergot — ». Cor-
rompn, Ergot — «. d Eperon, Ergot — ». Erijotee,
Ergot — X. Fryoline, Ergot — ». Faitx, Ergot.
SEfy, Uterus, see Mamma.
SEIRIASIS, Conp de Soleil.
SEIZURES, HIDDEN, see Hidden seizures.
SEKISKAYAVODKA, see Spirit.
SEL, Salt — ». Admirable de Leniery. Magnesia)
sulphas — 8. Admirable perle, Soda, phosphate of
— ». Ammoniac, Ammoniae murias — ». Armeniac,
Ammonise murias — s. Arsenical de Maeqner, Ar-
seniate of protoxide of potassium — s. de Cnisine,
Soila, muriate of — s. de Derosne, Narcotine — «.
d'E<jra, Magnesiae sulphas — s. de Lait, Sugar of
Milk — «. Marin, Soda, muriate of— s. d'Opinm,
Narcotine — s.d'Oseille Potassae oxalas — s. de
Satnrne, Pluinbi superacetas — «. de Verre, see
Vitrum — «. Vulutil d'Anyleterre, Ammoniae car-
bon as.
SELAGO, Camphorosma Monspeliaca, Lyco-
podium selago.
SELENE, Moon, see Nail.
SELENIASIS, Somnambulism.
SELENIASMUS, Somnambulism.
SELKNOBLETUS, Lunatic.
SELENOGAMIA, Somnambulism.
SELERY, Apium graveolens.
SELF-ABUSE Masturbation.
SELF-HEAL. Prunella.
SELF-LIM'ITED. An epithet applied to dis-
eases which appear to run a definite course, but
little modified by treatment, — small-pox, for
example.
SELF-POLL'UTION, Masturbation.
SELI'BRA, Scmili'bra, Sembella, 'half a
pound.' Six ounces, Troy; eight Avoirdupois.
SELINI'TES, atXivirrii. Wine impregnated
with the seeds of the ccXivov or smallaye. — Dios-
corides.
SELINUM ANGELICA, Angelica Sylvestris
— s. Galbanum, Bubon galbanum — s. Impera-
toria, Imperatoria — s. Lactescens, Peueedanum
palustre — ■ s. Marsh, Peueedanum palustre — s.
Opoponax, Pastinara opoponax — s. Oreoselinum,
AthaiJianta aureoselinum — s. Ostruthium, Impe-
ratoria— s. Palustre, Peueedanum palustre — s.
Pastinaca, Pastinaca sativa — s. Peueedanum, Peu-
eedanum— s. Pubescens, Angelica sylvestris — s.
Sylvestre, Angelica sylvestris, Peueedanum palus-
tre— s. Thysselinum, Peueedanum jialustre.
SELLA, S. Turcica — s. Equina, S. Turcica —
s. Familiarica, Lasannm — s. Obstetricia, Diphrus
— s. Sphenoidalis, S. Turcica.
Sella Tuu'cica, Ephip'pinm, Fossa Pitnita'-
ria, Sella, S. eqni'na seu sphenoida'lis, Pitn'itary
fossa, Turkish Sciddle, (F.) Selle Tnreiqne on
dn Tnrc. A depression at the upper surface of
the sphenoid bone, which is bounded, anteriorly
and posteriorly, by the clinoid processes, and
lodges the pituitary gland. It is so called from
its resemblance to a Turkish saddle. The broad
rough plate, behind, and somewhat overhanging
the Sella Turcica is the Dorsum Ephippii.
Sella TtinricA. Pituitaria fossa.
SELLE TURCLQUE, Sella Turcica — s. rfu
Tnrc. Sella Turcica.
SELS NEUTRES, Neutral salts.
SELTZ or SELTZER, MINERAL WATERS
OF. Cold, acidulous springs, the source of which
is at Seltz, nine leagues from Strasbnrg, and in
the Department of the Bas-Rhin. They contain
carbonates of lime, magnesia, and soda, chloride
of sodium, and much carbonic acid. They are
refrigerant, tonic, diuretic, and aperient.
AuTiFiriAL Seltzer Water may be made
from muriat. acid. gr. xxxv, water Oj. u-hite 7nar-
fe/egr. iij. Stop up till dissolved. Add carbonate
of Magnesia, gr. v, and, after some time, snbcar-
bunate of soda, gr. xxsij. Close it till used.
SEMBELLA
83:
SEMINIFEROUS
SEMBELLA, Selihni.
SEMECARPUS ANACARDIIIM, Avicennia
tomentiisa.
SEMEIOG'RAPHY, Semewgraph'i't, Semio-
grapln/, Sfiiiioi/ra'phia, SijmptoinatiKj' rdphy, from
at}nuov, 'a sj'inptom,' and ypa(pt], 'a clescri|)tion.'
A ilL'scriptioii of symptoms or signs of disease.
SEMEIOL'OGY, .Semeiot'ice, Semiohxjij, Se-
miotice, /'lia!»(tmeii(tlof/" in, from ciiiciov, 'a symp-
tom,' and Aoy«s, 'a discourse.' (F.) S^meiotiqiie.
The brancli of pathology whose object is the doc-
trine of the symptoms or signs of disease.
SEMEION, Sign — s. Boethematicum, Indica-
tion.
SEMEIOSIS, Semeiology.
SEMRIOrrQUE, Semeiology.
SEMEN, Sperm — s. Badian, Illicium .nnisa-
tum — s. Cinae, see Artemisia santonica — s. Con-
tra, see Artemisia santonica — s. Cvntra d'Alep,
Artemisia santonica — s. Contra vermes, Artemi-
sia santonica — s. Masculinum seu virile sen geni-
tale, Sperm — s. Muliebre, Sperm (of the female)
— s. Sanctum, see Artemisia santonica — s. Siin-
tonici, see Artemisia santonica — s. Zedoariae, see
Artemisia santonica.
SEMENCE, Sperm.
SEMENTIXA, Artemisia santonica.
SE5II, from 'rtynav, 'half.' Semi or demi, in
composition, universally signifies ' half ;' both in
French and English.
SEMIAN'IMIS, Sem!mor"tnnn, Sem'iiiex, Sf-
mivi'vtis ; from semi, 'half,' and animus, 'soul.'
Half-living. Half-dead.
SEMI-BULB OF THE FEMALE, Bulbus
vestibuli.
SEMIOANALTCULUS, Sulcus.
SEMICANALIS. Sulcus.
SEM ICE PH ALUS, Ilemicepbalus.
SEMICIRCULI OSSEl, Semicircular canals.
SE.MICIRCULAR,&HMVMc<(;r('^<«. From «(-«(/,
and circii/iis, 'a circle.' (F.) Demicircitlaire.
That which represents the half of a circle.
Semicirciilak Canals, Cmia'les seu Dncttii
semicirot/d'res seu tnbaform'es seu circnla'res,
Semicir'ciili os'sei, Fiinei seu Cdiidlic'iili seriii-
(i)iniila'res Jtihijrin'tlii, (F.) C(tii(nix deniicircii-
laires. are seated in the pars petrosa of the tem-
poral bone, and open into the vestibule, behind
which they are situate. They are three in num-
ber, of which one is superior or vertical, cnun'lis
Kemicirculn'ris verticri'lis supe'rior ; another^jos^e-
rior or oblique, catia'lls semielrculn'ris verticu'lis
poste'rior, and the third exterior or horizouttil.
cnnnlis semirireuht'ris horiziDita'lis. Their pa-
rietes are formed of a bonj', compact, hard plate.
Their uses in audition are not known : at their
termination they have the elliptical arrangements
called (impul'lfB ; and by both extremities they
open into the vestibule, in the sac at its superior
part — the Soc'eulus Ellip'lieus, Al' reus seu Utric'-
ttlus seu Siuus commu'nis, Sinus seu Alveus ntri-
culo'uns, Snvculus vestihuli or Uledian sinus.
Utricle. In front of the S. ellipticus, nearer the
cochlea, and opposite the foramen ovale, is the
Sitc'culiis uplta^r' Icus, or Sncvidus.
SEMICIRCULUSEXSCULPTUS, Hiatus dia-
phragmatis aorticus. ^
SEMICON'GIUS. Half ag.allon, or four pints.
SEMICU'BIUM, Semicipium, Inses'sio, In-
ces'sio, Encothis'mri, Excnihis'ma, (F.) Demihain,
from semi, and cuhnre, ' to lie down.' A half-
bath, or such as receives only the hips or ex-
tremities.
SE.MICUPIU.M. Bath, half, Semi-cubium.
SEMI FIBUL/EUS, Peronreus brevis.
SEMI-INTEROSSEUS IXDICIS, Abductor
indicis.
Si;mi-tntf,i?ossei'S Poli.icis, Opponens poUicis.
SEMILIBRA, Selibra.
SEMILLA DELGUACHARO. Various kinds
of hard and dry fruits, found in the stomachs of
the young Guacharoes, a sort of nocturnal bird.
The fruits are a celebrated South American
remedy in Ague.
SEMILU'NAR, Semiluna'ris, (F.) Demlh,-
naire ou Semilunnire, from semi, and luna, ' Iho
moon.' Having the shape of a half-moon.
Semilunar Caut'ilagks, Semilunar filro-cnr-
tiliKjes, Si'jnioid car'tiltiyes, Vurtiliiij" iues si(j.
moidecp. seu aemiluna'res, are two Cbro-cartilagcs,
which exist between the condyles of the os feiiKi-
ris an<l the articular surfaces of the tibia. The
innermost, "which is longer from before to bcliiiid
than transversely, is nearly semicircular. The
outermost forms almost an entire circle; nn ar-
rangement, in both cases, corresponding to the
different surfaces of the tibia. They are thicker
at their outer circumference, which is convex,
than at the inner, which is concave and very
thin. Both are inserted, before and behind, into
the spine of the tibia, by means of fibrous fasciir.
Semilunar Ganglion, — Ganglion abdomina'le
seu splaneli'nivum seu transver'sum seu sola' re,
G. surrcual, (Ch.), belongs to the great symi)a-
thetic. These ganglia present considerable va-
riety, and are deeply situate in the abdomen,
above and behind the supra-renal capsules. 'J'hey
correspond, posteriorly, to the pillars of the dia-
jfhragm and the aorta. They have the shape of
a crescent reversed, often surrounded by other
ganglia of a smaller size. From their periphery
numerous filaments proceed, which go to the for-
mation of the solar plexus.
Semilunar Notch or the Sternum, Fourchelte
— s. Valves. Sigmoid valves.
SEMILUNULA UNGUIUM, see Nail.
SEMI-MAS, Eunuch.
SEMIMASCULATUS. Eunuch,
SEMIMASCULUS, Eunuch.
SKMIMEMBRANEOUS, Semimembranosus.
SE.MIMEMBRANO'SUS, Semimembm'neux,
(F. ) hell io-popliti-femoral, Isch io-popliti-tibial,
(Ch.) Demimembraneux. A muscle situate at the
posterior part of the thigh. It is flat, thin, nar-
row, and aponeurotic in its upper third ; broader
and fleshy in the middle, and tendinous below.
It is attached above to the tuberosity of the is-
chium ; and below — by a tendon, which has three
divisions — to the outer condyle of the femur, and
to the posterior and inner part of the internal
tuberosity of the tibia. This muscle is a rotator
inwards, and a flexor of the leg. It can also bend
the thigh upon the leg. In standing it maintains
the pelvis in position, and can even draw it down-i
wards.
SEMIMORTUUS.'Semianimis.
SEMINA CATAPUTI^ MAJORIS, see Rici-
nus communis.
Se'jiina Fric'iPA Ma.JO'rA. The greater cold
seeds. The ancients gave this name to the emul-
sive seeds of the cucumber, melon, gourd, and
water-melon.
Semina Frigida Mino'ra. The lesser cold seeds.
The ancients gave this name to the seeds of the
lettuce, purslane, endive, and cichory.
Semina Ricini Vulgaris, see Ricinus commu-
nis.
SEMINAL, Spermatic — s. Filaments, Sperma-
tozoa— s. Fluid, Sperm — s. Granules, see Granule.
SEMINALE MEMBRUM, Penis.
SEMINALIS, Spermatic.
SEMINEKVOSUS, Semi-tendinosus.
SEMIORBICULARIS, Orbicularis oris.
SEMIPESTIS, Typhus.
SEMINEX, Semianimis.
SEMINIA MORBORUM, Predisposition.
SEMINIF'EROUS, from semen, seminis,
'sperm,' and/ero, 'I carry.' Sjtermatoph'orout,
SEMINIST
833
SENEGAL
An epitliet given to the vessels wliich secrete and
convey the seuiiiinl fluid.
SEMINIST, Aniiiialeulist.
f^EMIMlIM, Sperm.
SEMIOtiKAI'lIY, Semeiogrnphy.
SE.VirOLOOiY, 8emeiology.
SEMION. Sign.
SEMIOTICE, Semeiotice— s. Faciei, Thysi-
Ognomv.
SEMIPLEGIA. Hemiplegia.
SEMISEXTUM. Hemiecton.
SEMISICIL'ICUS. A weight of one drachm
or thrt'e sirupli's. — Ilhodius.
SEMISIDKllATIO, Hemiplegia.
SEMISIDKKATUS, see Hemiplegia.
SEMIHOMNIS, Coma.
SEMISOPITUS, Coma.
SHMISOPORUS, Coma.
SEMlSPEC'UIiUM. An instrument used for
dilating the incision made into the necl< of the
bladder in the operation of lithotomy. — Fabricius
HildiiMUS.
SEMISPINA'LTS COLLI, Semispina'tus seu
trauHver'so-spiiiu'liii seu apiua'lix seu traiieveraa'-
h'n colli, Artic'ii/o-npiiKi'lls, Spinalis cervi'cis,
Transvemo-s^'i'Kil, (F.) Demi-epineiix ou trai>9-
versaire-^piiieux da con. This muscle arises from
the transverse processes of the six uppermost
dorsal vertebra?, by an equal number of distinct
tendons, which run obliquely under the corn-
plexus, and is inserted in the spinous processes
of all the cervical vertebra;, except the first and
last. Its act i (in is. to extend the neck obliquely
backwards and to one side.
Semispinalis Di)iisi, S'emi-spinnlia erferniis,
Trnnavei-'fo-Kpinulia dorsi, Semi-apinn'tus, (Rio-
Ian), Tranaverao-apinnl, (F.) Dcmi-cpincnx du
doa, Trnnaveraaire-epinenx dn doa. This muscle
arises from the transverse processes of the se-
venth, eighth, ninth, and tenth dorsal vertebrte,
by as many distinct tendons, which soon grow
fleshy ; and tlien again become tendinous, and
are inserted into the spinous processes of the
sixth or seventh uppermost dorsal, and two low-
est cervical vertebrue, by as many tendons. Its
action is, to extend the spine obliquely backwards.
Semispinalis Externur, Semi-spinalis dorsi —
8. Interniis, Transversalis dorsi — s. Spinatus,
Longissiinus dorsi, Semi-spinalis dorsi.
SEMISPINATUS COLLI, Semispinalis colli.
SEMIS'SIS, Seniia. The half of a pound,
ounce, drachm, &c.
SEMITENDINO'SUS, Semi-nervo'aua, (F.) fa-
chio-creti-tibidi, lachio-prftihinl, (Ch.) Demilen-
dineux, Dnminerveiix. This muscle is situate at
<!ie posterior part of the thigh. It extends
obliquely, downwards and inwards, from the tu-
berosity of the ischium — to which it is attached
by a flat tendon, common to it and the biceps —
as far iis the posterior and inner part of the tibia,
to which it is attached by means of another round
tendon. Its fibres are commonly interrupted by
an aponeurosis. Its uaea are the same as those
of the seniiinembrnnosus.
SEMITEHTIANA, IIemitrita;a.
REMIUNCIA. Hemiuncion.
SEMIVIR, Eunuch.
SEMIVIVUS, Semianimis.
SEM'OLA, BULLOCK'S ; a farinaceous ar-
ticle of diet, which is recommended as highly
nutritious and easily digestible, consequently well
adapted for infants and invalids, is said to consist
of the gluten of wheat, with a small proportion
of starch. Semola and Semolina resemble each
other greatly. They appear, indeed, to be iden-
tical.
SEMOLI'NA, Mnnnn croup. This may be
made by grinding wheat in an apparatus, sepa-
rating the" flour from the middlings, dressing the
53
latter four diDTcrent times in a bolting mill, and
sifting through parchment sieves, until the pro-
duct is perfectly freed from bran. In Poland, it
is called Cracoic ijroata.
Semolina is generally imported into England
from the lialtic, and in Russia is said to be man-
ufactured from buckwheat. It has a granular
form like some kinds of oatmeal, a dingy while
colour, a farinaceous, somewhat insipid, tnstc,
and is well adapted for the diet of children afi'ect-
ed with derangement of the bowels. A recent
analysis makes it consist of the gluten of wheat
with a certain proportion of the starch, part of
the latter having been removed.
SEMPERVIVUM ACRE, Sedura.
Sempeuvivum Tkcto'rvm, .S'. mojua sou feeto'-
runi ; from semper, 'always,' and vivo, '1 live,'
because always green, Aizoiin, BeinhaUileu, Buph-
thnlmiia, Barhn Jovia, Agrioain'ara, Amiia-
clidhara, Ch lyaoaper'mnm, Houae-Leek, Sengieoi,
Feiea, Foneta, (Prov.) Cyphel, Jupiiter'a lieurd,
(F.) Joiiharhe dea toita. The leaves have a mild,
subacid austerity, and are often applied to bruises
and old ulcers.
SEMUDA, Betula.
SEMUNCIA, Hemiuncion.
SENA, Cassia senna.
SENE, Cassia senna — a. d'Amerirpie, Cassia
Marilandica— «. Fiiitx, Colutea — a. Indigene, Co-
lutca — a. dea Prea, Gratiola ofiicinalis.
SENEBIERA CORONOPUS, Cochlearia co-
ronopus.
SENECA OIL, Petroleum, (New York.)
SENE'CIO, S. vnlgn'ria, from aenex, ' an old
man,' in allusion to the grayish down on many
species ; Erig"er\im, C<>rt<don, Erigeron, Ground-
ael, Fireweed, (Sc.) Gronndie Sivallow, (F.) Sene-
voji comnnni. Ord. Compositae. Sejc. Sijat. Syn-
genesia Polygamia Superflua. A common plant
in Europe f frequently applied, bruised, to in-
flammations and ulcers, as refrigerant and anti-
scorbutic.
Sene'cio Au'nEDS, Golden ragtceed, Wild vn-
le'rian. Life rout, Sqtiaio root ; indigenous. Is
an excitant, diaphoretic, and diuretic. The drie<l
plant is used in decoction ; — ,^ss to Oj of water.
Senecio IIiERAciFOLii'S, Ercchthites hieraci-
folius.
Senecio Jacobs 'a, Jacohm'a, St. James's Wort,
RogiDort, (Sc.) Bnnwede, Weebo, (F.) Jacobf.e.
The leaves have a roughish, bitter, subacid, and
extremely nauseous taste. A decoction has been
used in dysentery. A poultice of the leaves has
been recommended in rheumatic aflections ; and
a decoction of the root has often been employed
in cases of wounds and bruises.
SEN Eg ON CO MM UN, Senecio.
SENECTA, Senectus.
Senec'ta An'guium. The east skin of a ser-
pent. A decoction of it is said to cure deafness !
Senecta Decuepita, Decrepitude — s. Extre-
ma. Decrepitude — s. Summa, Decrepitude — s.
Ultima, Decrepitude.
SENECTUS, Senec'ta, from senex, 'an ohl
man ;' Gems, Se'niuni, ^tas seni'lia seu provec'tti
seu nuihi. Old age, Senil'iti/, (F.) Vielleaae. The
last period of life, commencing, according to some,
at 6() years of age, — according to M. Flourens at
70, — but varying according to numerous circum-
stances. It is characterized by progressive dimi-
nution of the physical and moral faculties
Senecti'S Ultima, Decrepitude.
SENEGA, Polygala senega.
SEN'EGAL, GUM, Gnmmi Senegalen'al seu
Sen'ecn seu Sen'ega seu Sen'ica. The exudation
from Aca'cia seu Mimo'aa Senegal. — Ord. Le-
guminosoe. Sex. Si/st. Polygamia Monceciji —
which grows in the country of Africa through
SENEGINE
834
SEPTiEMIA
which the river Senegal runs. It is in lonse or
jiingle driips. much larger than gum Arabic, or
the gum which exudes from tlie cherry tree ; and
is much more difficult of solution than the former.
SENEGINE, see Polygala senega.
SENEORAIN, Trigonella foenuui.
SENEKA, Polygala senega.
SENEVE, Sinapis.
SENGREEN, Sempervivura tectorum.
SENILE, Seni'lis, from sene.v, 'an old man.'
llelating or belonging to old ago: — as 'senile
delirium ;' dotage.
SENILITY, Senectus.
SENNA, Cassia senna — s. Alexandrina, Cassia
senna — s. American, Cassia Marilandica — s. Blad-
der, Colutea arboreseens — s. Essence of, prepared,
Selway's, see Infusum sennas compositum — s.
Uermanica, Colutea — s. Italiea, Cassia senna — s.
Prairie, Cassia chamaecrista — s. Wild, Cassia cha-
majcrista, Cassia Marilandica.
SENS, Sense — s. Genital, Appetite, venereal.
SENSA'TION, Senna'tio, from sentirc, scnstnn,
' to feel ;' jEHthe'ma. The consciousness or cog-
nisance by the brain of an impression caused by
an external body on the organs of the senses. (F.)
Sentiment. It is not necessarily, however, eon-
tined to bodies external to us ; for we can receive
an impression by touching any part of our own
body. The body which communicates the im-
pressions needs but to be e.xternal to the part im-
pressed. Sensations are divided into external,
internal, and morbid. The external are commu-
nicated by the five organs of the senses. The
internal are such as occur within the body, and
arise from some alteration in the function of the
part, for the time being. Hunger and thirst are
internal sensations, as well as all the natural
wants. Morbid sensations may be either inter-
nal or external. Ohjec'tive sensations are pro-
duced by impressions on the peripheral nerves ;
as in vision, audition, &c. Snhjec'tive sensations,
are such as originate centrically, or in the ence-
phalon, — as tinnitus aurium.
SENSATIONAL, Sentient.
SENSE, SensHS, Sen'sio, JEstlie'sis, (F.) Sens.
Same etymon as Sensation. A faculty, possessed
by animals, of appreciating impressions from ex-
ternal objects. The senses are five in number ;
sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. Of these,
the first two and the last administer more to the
intellect: and, hence, have been called by some,
the iiitellectnal senses / the other two seem more
destined for the nutrition of the body : and,
hence, have been termed corporeal or nutritive
senses. Other senses have been suggested — as
the intense sensation experienced during the ve-
nereal act ; a sense of heat and cold ; a muscular
sense, a common sense or coenassthesis, Ac.
Sexsrs, Nervous System of the. Medulla
oblongata.
SENSIBILITAS, Sensibility— s. Anomala. see
Irritable — s. Aucta, see Irritable — s. Morbosa,
see Irritable.
SENSIBIL'ITY, SensihiVitas. Same etymon
as Sensation ; jEHthe'ma. The faculty of receiv-
ing and transmitting impressions, and having the
consciousness of them. It thus includes three
.secondary properties, impressibility, (F.) inipres-
aionabilite, transmiasibility, and perceptibility.
Bichat defines it as the property possessed by
living bodies, of receiving impressions, whether
the individual be conscious of them or not. In
the former case, where conscious, he calls the sen-
sibility animal : in the latter, where not, he terms
it organic. This last is eomtnon to vegetables
and animals, and presides over nutrition, absorp-
tion, exhalation, secretion, &c. The other does
not exist in vegetables: it is the origin of the
sensations — olfaction, vision, gustation, audilitm,
thirst, hunger, jiain, &c. There are few parts of
the animal body, hut what are sensible — if not
in health — in disease. The free extremities of the
hair and nails, and the epidermis, are not so. See
Insensibility.
SENSIFEROUS, Sentient.
SENSIO, Sense.
SENSITOKIUM. Scnsorium.
SENSOKI-VOLIT"IONAL. A term applied
to nervous fibres which pass to and from the ce-
rebro-spinal axis, and are respectively concerned
in sensation and volition.
SENSO'KIAL, Sentient.
Sensorial Power, according to Dr. Wilson
Philip, is composed of the two functions of sen-
sation and volition. Dr. Darwin included in it
the power of muscular contraction ; but it ought
not to be extended to acts in which there is not
consciousness.
SENSO'RIUM, S. cornmn'ne, Or'yanon senso'-
rinm internum, Sensito'rinm, Empo'rium spiri-
tiium, JEsthete'rion, Sen'sory. Same etymon. The
common centre of sensations.
SENSORY, Sensorium, Sentient.
Sen'sory Gang'lia. A name given by Dr.
Carpenter to a series of ganglionic masses at the
base of the brain, which are in direct communi-
cation with the nerves of sensation — as i\\Q olfac-
tory, optic, auditory, and gustatory.
Sensory Nerves, Nerves of sensation, are so
called in contradistinction to J/t/(»/- nerves. There
are general sensory nerves — as those connected
with the posterior part of the spinal marrow, and
the fifth pair; and special sensory, as those of the
senses.
SENSUS ^GRITUDINIS, Indisposition— s.
Osmometricus, Olfaction — s. Perversus, Pseudajs-
thesia.
SEN'TIENT, Scn'tiens, Sen'sory, Ide'd<f'enom,
Senso'rial, Sensa'tional, Sensif erous. Same ety-
mon. Feeling, causing feeling.
Sentient Extremities op Nerves are their
minute terminations in the organs.
SENTINA, Pituitary gland.
SENTIMENT, see Sensation.
SEPARATO'RIUM.from separare, separatum,
'to separate.' A surgical instrument, for sepa-
rating the pericranium from the skull.
A Scp'aratory, Vitrum JJypoclep'licum, is a
pharmaceutical vessel for separating fluids of dif-
ferent densities from each other.
SEPEDOGENESIS, Sepcdonogencsis.
SEPEDON. Putrefaction. ^
SEPEDONODES, Putrid. ^
SEPEDONOGEN'ESIS, Sepedogen'esis, from
criTiitiiv, ' putrescency,' and ycvtais, 'generation.'
A septic disposition or tendency ; such as is met
with in typhus gravior.
SEPES, Sa'pes, 'a hedge,' 'a row;' as Sepes
seu Se'ries seu Pecten den'tium : — a row of teeth.
Sepes Dentiiim, see Sepes.
SEPHIRUS, Scleriasis.
SE'PIA, o-fjTTia, S. officina'lis, Se'pium, Cultle-
FisJi, (Sc.) Hose-Fish, Slieve-Fish, (F.) Siclte.
Class Cephalopoda. The osseous part of the
cuttle-fish ; (F.) Os de Secke — Prtecip'ilans matj'-
num — has been used as an absorbent, and is often
added to tooth-powders.
SEPLASIA'RIUS. A name formerly given to
one who sold perfumes, ointments, Ac. It is
derived from Scplusia, the name of a public place
at Capua, where such preparations were fre-
quently sold. A druggist.
SEPSICIIYMIA, Septochymia.
SEPSIS, Putrefaction.
SEPT-:E'MIA; from o-ijTrof, 'rotten,' and 'aiya,
SEPTAL
835
SERPENTARIA
'blood.' A morbid condition of the blood pro-
duced by septic or putrid matters.
SEPTAL, Septa'lis, from Septum. Relatin}^,
or appertaining to, a septum : as ' septal walls
of the heart' — those that separate the cavities
from each other.
SEPTAN A FEBRIS, Fever, septan.
SEP'TENARY, Sej^tena'riwi, (F.) Sept^iinire,
from septem, 'seven.' 'Consisting of seven.'
The sei)tenary years of the old believers in criti-
cal periods were times at which, it was supposed,
important changes might be expected to take
jilace. The grand climacteric was fixed at 6.3,
and it was considered that if a person passed that
age, he had well-founded expectations that his
life might be protracted to 90.
SEPTENNIAD, Climacteric, (years.)
SEPTERIUS, Septic.
SEPTFOIL, UPRIGHT, Tormentilla.
SEPTIC, Sep'ticus, Septus, Septeriui>, from
ari:reiv, 'to rot,' arfKTOi, 'rotten.' That which pro-
duces putrefaction. A substance which corrodes
and disorganizes the soft parts without causing
much pain.
SuPTic Poison, see Poison.
SEPTICtEMIA, SeptEemia.
SEPTIMESTRIS FOETUS, see Foetus septi-
me.'tris.
SEPTINERVIA, Plantago.
SEPTOCIIYM'IA, Sepsiclnpn'in; from a^^n,
'putrefaction,' and x^'l'°i> 'juice.' Putrefaction
or putrescenoy of the humours.
SEPTON, Azote.
SEPTOPYRA, Typhus gravior.
SEPT'ULUM; diniinutive of 8c^)?i(?7j. A divi-
sion between small spaces or cavities — as the
septula or fibrous cords given off by the medias-
tinum testis to be inserted into the inner surface
of the tunica albuginea.
SEPTUM, (F.) Cloison, 'a partition,' from
Bcpio, septum, ' I fence in.' A part destined to
separate two cavities from each other, or to di-
vide a principal cavity into several secondary
cavities.
These septa are numerous in the human body.
The chief are the following: —
Septum Atrio'rcm, «S'. Auricula' run). The
septum or partition between the auricles of the
lieart.
Srptum Auricularum, S. Atrioruin — s. Cere-
bclli, Falx cerebelli — s. Cerebri, Falx cerebri — s.
Cochlcfe auditoriifi. Lamina spiralis.
Rei'ti'm Cordis, Septum me'dium cordis. The
p!irtiti(m vrhich separates the two ventricles of
We heart.
Septum Encephali, Tentorium.
Septum Lu'cidum aeu peHn'cidum sen teu'ue et
pelluridum seu me'dium, Spec'ulnm, S. Iiicidum,
Lapis specula'ris, j\fediasti'uum seu Diaphror/iua
veiitricufo'ruin latera'lium cer'ehri, (F.) Septum
vifdian (Ch.), Cloison trausparente. The soft
portion or medullary substance, which separates
the two lateral ventricles of the brain from each
other. This septum is composed of two lamina; ;
botween which a small cavity exists, filled by a
serous fluid, ventric'ulus septi pcllu'eidi, see Ven-
tricles of the Brain. The brothers Wenzel are
of opinion that this cavity is lined by a peculiar
membrane.
SEPTUM MEDIAN, S. lueidum— ». Median
dit rervelef, Falx cerebelli — s. Medium cerebri, S.
lueidum.
Septi'M Na'RTUM. Tuterspptum SOU Dlssepimen'-
tum seu fiiter/i'uium seu Pi»eri'men seu Imhi-ex
.seu Diophrai/'ma nd'rium. {¥.) CInison des FoKurs
iiasaies. The partition between the nares. It is
formed bv the vomer, the perpendicular plate of
the ethmoiil bone, and a cartilage of a trianrular
shape. These parts are lined by the pituitary
membrane, which receives a considerable number
of nerves and vessels.
Septum Nasi, see Nares.
Septum Parvum Occipitale, Falx cerebelli—
s. Pcctiniforme, see Cavernous bodies — s. Pellu-
cidum, S. Lueidum— s. Scala>, Lamina spiralis —
8. Slaphyliu, Velum pendulum palati — s. Tenue
et pellucidum, S. lueidum— s. Thoracis, Medias-
tinum— s. Transverse, Tentorium — s. Transver-
sum. Diaphragm — s. Vestibuli nervoso-membra-
naceum, see Labyrinth.
SEPTUS, Septicus.
SEPUM, Sevum.
SEQUES'TRUM, "the depositing of a dis-
puted thing in the hands of a third person !"
The portion of bone, in necrosis, which is dead,
and separated from the living bone; acting,
whilst retained, as an extraneous body. When
the sequestrum is superficial and small, it is
called E.rf(ilia'tion. The portion of bone sur-
rounding it is the Cap'sula sequestra' I is.
SERAPEUM, Syrup.
SERAPINON, Sagapenum.
SERAPIUM, Syrup.
SERBET, Seherbet.
SEREUX, Serous.
SE'RICO-CARPUS TORTIFO'LIUS, Cony'za
hi/olia'ta. Aster tortifo'lius ; indigenous; Order,
Compositas : is said to be diuretic.
SER'ICUM, Silk; from &-/•<■«- the Thibetans
probably — from whom it was first obtained.
(F.) Soie. The thread spun by the Bomhy.v
Mori or Silkwonn. Silk is used by surgeons for
ligatures, &c.
Skricum Anglicum, see Sparadrapura adhasi-
vum.
SERIES DENTIUM, see Sepes.
SERIEUX, Serious.
SERINGUE, Syringe.
SERIOLA, Cichorium intybus.
SE'RIOUS, Serius. (F.) Serieu,r, Grave. A
term applied to a disease, Dyspathi'a, Murlms
f/ravis, and to a symptom that is attended with
danger.
SERIS, Cichorium intybus.
SERMOUNTAIN, La^erpitium album.
SERO-COLITIS, see Colitis.
SERO-CYSTIC. Sero-eyst'icus. An epithet for
tumours of the female breast, which consist, in
the first stage, of one or more membranous cysts,
produced perhaps by dilatation of portions of the
lactiferous tubes.
SERO-HEPATITIS, see Hepatitis.
SER'OLIN, from serum and olein. A peculiar
fatty matter detected in the blood by Boudet,
Leoanu, Sanson, and others.
SEROSITE, Serum.
SEROSITY. Serum.
SEROUS, Sero'sus, (F.) Sereitx ; from serum.
Thin ; watery. Relating to the most watery
portion of animal fluids, or to membranes that
secrete them. See Serum.
Serous Layer, see Taehe emhryonnaire — s.
Membranes, Membranes, serous.
SEHPEDO, Psoriasis.
SERPENT, Serpeus. Auguis, Opliia ; from
serpn, ' I creep.' A snake.
Snake Broth was, at one time, recommended
as » restorative.
Many serpents are venomous : and the bites of
some fatal. See Poisons, table of.
SERPEXTAIRE XOIRE, Acta-a racemosa
— s. Rouqe. Po'vgiinuni bistorta.
SERPENTARIA. Aristolochia serpen taria—s.
flalloruin. Arum dracuncu'us — s. Hispanica,
Scorzonera — s. Minor. Arum irtaculatum — s. Ni-
gra, Actaea racemosa.
SEUPEXTARI.E
83G
SESAMOID
SERPEXTARI^E BRAZILIENSIS RADIX,
Caincae radix.
SEKPKNTIN, see Alembic.
SERPENTINE, Ophites.
SERPENTINUS, Ophites.
SERPES. Herpes.
SERPIG"INOUS, from serpere, 'to creep.'
An epithet given to certain iiifections, which
creep, as it were, from one pnrt to another, — ' Ser-
pif/iiioiin erysipelas,' (F.) £rt/sipele serpighieiix.
SERPIGO, Herpes circinatus, Lichen psoriasis.
SKRPILLUM, Thymus serpyllum.
^EliPOLET, Thymus serpyllum.
SERPULLUM, Thymus serpyllum.
SERPYLLUM, Thymus serpyllum — s. Citra-
tuin, see Thymus serpyllum.
SERRA. Saw — s. Amputatoria, Saw, amputa-
tion — s. Versiitilis, Trepan.
SERKAT'ULA AMA'RA, from serro. 'a saw,'
owing to its serrated leaves. Fnnnlij, Cynaroce-
phaleas. Sex. Si/nf. Syngenesia Polygamia aequa-
lis. A species of >S''iiowo)7, recommended in ague.
Serratiti^a Buhen, Centaurea behen.
SERRATUS, Dentate— s. Anticus Minor, Pec-
toralis minor.
Si',i!F!a'tus Magnus. So called from its ser-
rated appearance ; from semi, ' a saw.' Serrattis
major (tiiti'cna, S.m'tjiir,{F.) Casto-hdii-scapulaire,
CoKfo-Kcnpiddire (Ch.), Grand dentele. A very
broad (especially anteriorly), thin, flat, irregularly
qiia.diiliiteral muscle, situiite at the sides of the tho-
rax. It is attached, before, to the external surface
of the first 8 or 9 ribs, by as many distinct digita-
tions : and, behind, to the spinal edge of the scapula.
The superior fibres are almost horizontal ; the
lower become gradually more and more oblique
upwards and backwiirds. This muscle carries
the scapula forwards, and causes it to execute a
movement of rotation, which directs its inferior
angle forwards, and the anterior upwards. When
the shoulder is fixed, it raises the ribs.
Srrrati's Major. Serratus magnus — s. Major
anticus, Serratus magnus.
SicuRATUs PosTi'ci'S Inferiok, (E.) DorHO-
Jombo-ciiKt<il, Loiiiho-costal (Ch.), Petit deiitele
pnsterictir et hifcrieur. A V)r()ader and thinner
muscle than the following, but nearly of the
same shape. It is situate obliquely at the lower
part of the back ; and extends from the spinous
processes of the last two or three dorsal vertebrae,
and the first two or three lumbar, to the inferior
margin of the last four false ribs. This muscle
depresses the ribs, and thus concurs in expiration.
It is an antagonist to the next.
Skruatus PoSTi'cus Supe'rior, (F.) Cervici-
dorso-poslal, Dorso-coHtal, (Ch.) Petit dentele sii-
perieiir. A flat, thin, quadrilateral muscle;
situate obliquely at the posterior inferior part of
the neck, and the superior part of the back. It
passes from the posterior cervical ligament, the
spinous process of the last cervical vertebra ;
from the spinous processes of the first two or
three dorsal, to the second, third, fourth, and
fifth ribs ; into which it is inserted by as many
digitiitions. It raises the ribs, and is, conse-
quently, an inspiratory muscle.
SERRE-A R TERE, PresKc-arth-e.
SERRE-COU (F.). from serrer, 'to squeeze,'
and coil, 'the neck.' An instrument, invented by
Ohabert, for compressing the jugular vein, in
bleeding from that vessel. It surrounds the neck
like a collar, and, by means of a pad, exerts the
necessnry pressure.
SERRE-FISE. (F.), from nerrer, 'to squeeze,'
and /?". 'fine.' A small spring forceps, invented
by M. Videl. It is formed of a wire of metal,
turned in the middle into tivo sjiirals, one in front
of the other. This constitute.s the spring. Each
branch describes nearly the letter Sj and one ex-
tremity forms the spiral, the other lays hold of
the parts to be united.
SERRE-N(EUD {¥.), from serrer, 'to squeeze,'
and nvcnd, 'a knot.' This name hag been given
to variims instruments, employed by the surgeon
for tightening a ligature passed round a pcdicu-
lated tumour, or any part which has to be de-
stroyed by ligature slowly and gradually. Thus,
there is the serre-tiaiid of Roderic, the coiinlric-
teur of Ilerbinaux, the serre-ucpiid of Desault, <<c.
SEEUE AlEUD DE DESCHAMPS, Frew-
arte re.
SEPTULA CAMPANA, Trifolium melilotus.
SERUM, Sperm.
Serum, 'whey.' Orrhos, Oroa, Scros'ili/, (F.)
Sirosite. The most watery portion of aniiiiiil
fluids, exhaled by serous membranes. It is a
constituent part of blood, milk, Ac.
Sehum of the Iji.ood, Hce.'nn/dor, Orrhnu,
Scrinii sen Ichor nan'i/iiitiia, (F.) Serum dit Son;/,
is the liquid which sejjarates from the blood, wlun
coagulated at rest. It is of a greenish-yellow
colour; viscid, slightly coagulable by heat, acids,
and alcohol. It is composed of water; chloride
of sodium; certain phosphates; and albumen,
constantly united to soda, almost in a sapona-
ceous combination.
The fluid which exudes from the albumen of
the serum of the blood, when coagulated by heat,
is by some called eeron'ity.
S^RUM DU SANG, S. of the blood.
Serum Lactis, Aqua Lactin ; Serum of Mill-,
Whey, (Prov.) IF/nV/. (F.) Senim dn lait, Petit
lait. That part of milk from which the butter and
caseotis matter have been separated. It is a
transparent, citrine-coloured liquid, containing
sugar of milk, mucilage, acetic acid, phosphate
of lime, and some otlier saline substances. It
is used as a slightly nutritious diluent and refri-
gerant. The French have magistral formula',
the basis of which is whey. They are called
I Petlta-hiilH, or 'wheys.'
Serum Lactis Hopfman'ni, (F.) Petit-hiit
d' Ifojfiiiaiui, is a name given to the liquid re-
sulting from treating with boiling water milk
which has been evaporated to an almost solid
consistence. It is not much used.
Re>nkt VA'hey is made thus: milk 2 pints;
rennet ,^ss, infused in a little hot water; mix and
keep in a gentle heat for some hours, then strain.
— Gray.
Sehum Sangitinis, Serum of the blood.
Serum of Serous Mkmbraxes, Serum mem-
hrnnnriim eeroxn'rum, Water of Dropsy, (F.)
Scrum dea mcmhrnnes aireuaea, Emi dea hydro-
piquea. It resembles the serum of the blood, —
especially in cases of hydrocele. The water of
bydrothorax and ascites contains much loss al-
bumen : — sometimes enough to coagulate on the
application of heat: at others, not.
SERVICE, MOUNTAIN, Sorbus acuparia.
Service Tree, Sorbus domcstica.
SERVIETTE EN CARRE, Couvrechef
SESAME, Sesamum orientale.
SES'AMOID, Seaanio'i'dea, Seanmn'dea, Sean-
moide.na, from ariaaitrj, 'a grain of sesarauui,' and
eiiof, ' resemblance.'
Sesamoid Bones, Oaan sen Oaaic'ida aeaamoi-
dea, are small bones, situate in the substance of
tendons, near certain joints. Their number is
various. They are commonly more in the male
than female. Two are constantly met with be-
neath the metatarso-phalangal articulations of
the great toe. Sometimes, the articulations of
other bones of the metatarsus with the pha-
langes of the toes have them likewise. In the
hand, there are tvpo before the mctacarpo-pha-
langal joint of the thumb. At times, they are
S E S A M U M
83 7
SHAMROCK, INDIAN
met with in the other metacarpo-phalangal aiti-
culatioMs. OcHisionally, nvo exist behind the
oon.lylfi, „f the femur, in the tendons of the
Kiistrocncmii muscles. A considerable os sesa-
inoiJeum i« also met with in the tendon of the
peronaeus longus. These bones are commonly
round, and flattened only on one surface, which
13 incrusted with cartilage. Their size is very
variable, according to the joints in which they
e.\ist. Traces of sesamoid bones are not ob-
served in infiints: in thcin, they are replaced by
emnil, cartilaginous concretions. They are de-
veloped by a single point of ossification : and
are, like the patella (which is a true sesamoid
bone,) composed of much cellular substance,
covered by a thin layer of compact tissue. The
!(«« of these bones is,— to allow the tendon to be
inserted into the lever at a greater angle; and
thus enable the power to act more advanta-
geously.
Hiolan has given the name Oesa aeaamoulea to
two bony points sometimes met with ; — the one
at the outer side of the carotid canal of the tem-
poral bone; and the other at the edge of the
cavernous sinus, at the side of the internal caro-
tid artery.
SESA.MUM, see Sesamum orientale.
Sks'amiim OniKNTA'Lf:, S. crlu'le sen oletf'crum
Feu hi'dlcnn, fieiiiie, 0!ty Grahi, (F.) Sesame,
Jiif/eoline. 0((/. Bignoniace*. The seeds of this
African plant are cultivated in Georgia and South
Carolin.a. where the negroes use them with Indian
corn as an article of food. They yield a larger
liroportion of oil than any other vegetable; one
hundred weight producing ninety pounds of oil,
which is, at least, equal to Florence oil.
nciiiie oil, Oleum Sea'xmt, is used in the South-
ern States as a la.xative. The leaves — Sesnmi
J'l/i'i, (Ph. U. S.) — afford, by infusion, an excel-
lent iniioilago.
SPJSCUN'CIA, SSeiquiitn'crn, Hemiul'ion. An
ounce and a half. See Sesqui.
SE.SELI, Laserpitium siler — s. ^gopodium,
Ligusticum podagraria— s. Annuum, S. tortuo-
KUin — s. Carum. Caruin — s. Carvi, Carura — s.
Crcticum, Tordylium officinale — s. Foeniculifo-
liuni, Sison ammi — s. Graveolens, Apium grave-
olens — s. Meuin, ^Ethusa meum — s. Patens, S.
tortuosum — s. Pratcnse. Pcucedanum silaus — «.
den Pifit, Peueedanum silaus.
Ses'kli ToRTro'suM, .S". Mtissilien'iie seu an'-
viiiim seu pnteiin, (Eiuiii'lhe striti'ta ri<j"ida,
Itnrlicort of J/arxeHlei. The seeds have a warm
t;iste: and a greater degree of pungency than
those of Laserpitium siler, which is the Scseli of
the PharniacopaMas.
PESEIJS, liiiserpitium siler, Seseli.
SESQUr. This word, joined with any nura-
her, weight, measure, &c., signifies one and a
half: as Kenqiiir/rntiiim, 'a grain and a half.'
SEi^QUirNCTA, Sescuncia.
SETA EQUI'NA, 'horse-hair.' Hainoorm,
Ilelmhi'lhm (jor'dii. A kind of worm, found in
stiiguant water, from 4 to 6 inches long, and
twisted into various knots and contortions; co-
lour pale-brown, with dark extremities. It is
common in the intestines of the Laplanders;
c:iusing the Co/'icrt Lappnn'icn, in which the
gripings are, at times, exceedingly severe.
SETA'CEUM. Seto, Setou, {vom seta, 'a bristle.'
A long strip of fine linen or cotton twist, passed
through the skin and areolar niembriinc, to keep
lip an is.'Sue ; or through suppurating cavities,
between the fragments of fractured bones, Ac.,
to fulfil certain indications. The term is, also,
Applied to the issue so established. The opera-
tion is simple. It consists in laying hold of a
fold of skin, and passing a seton-needle through
it, with the thread attached. Every day a fresh
portion of the thread is drawn through tlie sore.
Setons are established in many di.seases ; — in
obstinate ophthalmia, cephalalgia; epilepsy,
thoracic and abdominal aflections, &c. ; but they
are not as much used as formerly
SETARIA KOCCELLA, Lichen roceella.
SETFAST, see Furunculus.
SETO, Setaceum.
SETON, Setaceum.
SETTEllWORT, Ilelleborus foetidus.
SEVADILLA, Veratrum sabadilla.
SEVATIO, Steatoma.
S^VE, Sap.
SEVENBARK, Hydrangea arborescens.
SEVKAGE, Weaning.
SEVUM, Pinguedo.
Sevum, Sebum, Sepum, Stear, Adeps ovU'U,
Sevum verveci'num. Suet, mutton suet; Pin-
guedo.
Sevum Pn^ePAHA'Tusr, Sevum (Ph. U. S.),—
Ovil'li Sevum Prtepara'tutti, Prejxired Suet,
(F.) Graiane de Moulon, Suif, is formed by
cutting suet in pieces; melting over a slow fire,
and straining through linen. It is emollient,
and is sometimes boiled in milk (^^ij to Oj),
and is used in diarrhoea and dysentery. Its
principal employment is in the "formation of
plasters.
Skvum VfinvKciNUM, Sevum.
SEX, Sejrtis, Genoa, Pliysia. The physical
difference between male and female in animals
and vegetables: — as the M<de sex, Se.rus jx/tior
seu for'linr seu viri'tU ; and the Female aex,
Sexna seq'uior, S. mulie'bris, Alter Sexus, ' The
Se.r.'
SEXTANS, from sextus, 'the sixth;' Sexta
para lihra;. The sixth part of a pound.— Galen.
SEXTA'RIHS. Same etymon. An ancient
measure for liquid and soiid substances; the
sixth part of a congius. See AVeights and Mea-
sures.
SEX'TULA. Same etymon. Hexa'yium, 'tfa-
yiov. The sixth part of an ounce.
SEX'UAL, Sexua'lla, from aexua, 'sex.' That
which relates to the sex ; which characterizes the
se.x.
Sexual Diseases, Morhi sexua'Iea, are the dis-
eases of the genital organs; as Sexual Func-
tions are the genital functions.
Sexual IiNtebcoukse, Coition — s. Organs,
Genital organs.
SEXUS, Sex — s. Alter, see Sex — s. Fortior,
see Sex — s. Muliebris, see Sex — s. Potior, see
Sex — s. Sequior, see Sex — s. Virilis, see Sex.
SEYDSCIIUTZ WATER, SeidschUtz water.
SHACKLE, Carpus.
SHACKLE-HAMMED, see Cnemoscoliosis.
SHADDOCK. The fruit of Clirua decu'mana,
called after the captain of a vessel who first took
it to the West Indies from China. It is large;
but inferior to the orange in flavour. It keeps,
however, longer; and, hence, is useful on long
voyages.
SHAKERS, see Convuhionnaire.
SHAKES, Intermittent.
SHAKING, Intermittent, see Rigor.
SHALLOT, Echalotte.
SHAMPOOING, Champoohi//, Massing, (F.)
Maaaafje, Masaemeut. A Hindoo process, which
consists in pressing the body of the bather in a
peculiar manner; cracking the various joints,
and employing blows and friction.
'Kneading' consists in pressing alternately
upon a part of the body to arouse the muscles to
more energetic action. It is employed at times
in dyspepsia.
SHAMROCK, INDIAN, Trillium latifolium—
s. Water, Menyanthes verna.
SIIANKER
83 8
SICCIIASIA
SHANKER, Chaucre.
SHANNONDALE SALINE SPRINGS.
Tlu'se arc within a few miles of Charlestown,
Jefferson County, Virginia. They are mildly
aperient and diuretic.
SHARON SPRINGS, NEW YORK. These
springs, which are situate about 10 or 12 miles
south of Canajoharie, N. Y., and 45 miles west
of Albany, are much frequented. They contain,
according to the analysis of Dr. Chilton, sulphate
of magnesia, sulphate of lime, chloride of sodium,
chloride of miignesium, sulphohydrate of sodium,
sulphohydratc of calcium, vegetable extractive
matter, and free sulphohydric acid gas. Their
temperature is 48° Fahr.
SilEATII, Vagina.
SHEDDING OF THE TEETH, see Dentition.
SHEEP POISON, Kalmia latifolia.
SIIELLBARK, see Hickory.'
SHELL FLOWER, Trillium latifolium — s.
Liquid, see Calcis murias — s. Membrane, Mem-
brana testse.
SHEPHERD'S PURSE, Thlaspi bursa — s.
Sun diiil, Anagallis arvensis.
SHERBET, Scherbet— s. Orange, see Syrupus
aurantii.
SHERMAN'S WORM LOZENGES, see Worm
lozonses, Sherman's.
SHERRY. Snck. see Wine.
SHIELD-BONE, Scapula.
SHIELD, WATER, Nelumbium luteum.
SHILDER, Humerus.
SHIN, O'cien, Oristn tih'icB. Sax. rcina. The
spine or anterior part of the tibia or leg. It is,
also, called AnU'eue'mion, and Crea.
SHINBONE, Tibia.
SHINGLES, Herpes zoster.
SHINLEAP, Pyroln.
SHINLOCK, Brassica eruca.
SHIP FEVKR, see Typlius.
SHITABED. Leontodon taraxacum.
SHIVERING, see Rigor.
SHOCK, see Concussion.
Shock, Nbrvous, Vital ShoA; Vital Depres-
sion, Nernoit9 Depression, Fatal Sinking. Sudden
or instantaneous depression of organic, nervous,
or vital power, often with more or less perturba-
tion of body and mind, passing either into reac-
tion, or into fatal sinking, occasioned by the
nature, severity or extent of injury, or by an
overwhelming moral calamity. — Copland.
Shock, Vital, Shock, nervous.
SHOOT, Crick-inthe-ncck.
SHORT, Sax. )-ceopr, from rcipan, 'to cut, to
shear,' shored, shor'd, short, (F.) Court. A word
used, by anatomists, in opposition to long; and
to distinguish parts from each other that have
otherwise the same name.
Short Bonbs, for example, are those in which
the three dimensions— length, breadth, and thick-
ness— are nearly alike ; such are the vertebrae,
bones of the carpus, tarsus, &c.
Shoiit-of-Puff, Short-winded — s. Ribs, see
Costa.
SHORTSIGHTED, Mvopic.
SHORTSIGHTEDNESS, Myopia.
SHORTWINDED, Pursy.
SHOTBUSH, Aralia spinosa.
SHOTT, Pleurodynia.
SHOULDER, Humerus — s. Blade, Scapula—
E. Bone. Humerus.
SHOUP. Haunch.
SHOVEL PICKEREL WEED, Unisema del-
tifoliii — s. Pond, Unisema deltifolia.
SHOW, see P:irturi(ion.
SHOW-CHOO. see Spirit.
SHOWER-BATH, see Bath.
SHRUB, perhaps, from Arabic, «^arn6. 'syrup.'
A compound of spirits, lemon-juice, and sugar.
Shrib, Sweet, Calycanlhus — s. Sweet-scented,
Calycanthus.
SHRUMP-SHOULDERED, sec Hump.
SHUD'DERING, Frcm'itns, I'hryag'nia, from
(G.) Schauder, Schauer, (F.) Fremissemenl,
Tressaillement. A peculiar sensation, felt either
externally or internally; and which seems to be
the result of a spasmodic movement of tlie parts
in which it occurs. A sliglit feeling of culd
sometimes accompanies it. It is, at times, the
result of a moral cause, and is often the precur-
sor of shivering.
SHULL-BANE, Humerus.
SHUMAC, Rhus coriaria.
SIAGANTRI'TIS, from aiayiav, 'the jaw,'
avrpov, 'a cavitj',' and itis, denoting infliniiiiiii-
tion. Inflammation of the lining membrane of
the antrum of Highmore.
SI AGON, Maxillary bone.
SIAGO'NAGRA, from aiayiDv, 'the jaw,' and
aypa, ' a seizure.' Arthri'lis majilln' ris. A gouty
or rheumatic affection of the joint of the lower
jaw.
SIALACHUS, Salivation.
SIAL'AGOGUE, Sialago'gns, SinUogngne, Ply-
al'agoi/ne, Ptijas'niagogne, Sali'vans, Satlva'tniii,
Sialocinet'icus, Apophlegmat'isans per os, (F.)
Salivant ; from cuCKom, 'saliva,' and ayw, ' I ex-
pel.' That which provokes the secretion of
saliva. Pyrethrum and mercury are sialogogups.
Sialagogucs may be of two kinds, those which
act through the circulation, and those which act
immediately on the salivary organs. Mercury
belongs to the former, — pyrethrum to the latter
class. The chief sialagogues are armoracin,
calamus, mezereum, pyrethrum, tabacum, and
zingiber.
SIAL'ICA, from <na\ov, 'saliva.' Medicines,
which affect the salivary glands. — Pereira.
SIALISMUS, Salivation.
SIALOUINETICUS, Sialagogue.
SIALOLITH I, Calculi, salivary.
SIALOLOG"IA, from BXa\ov, 'saliva,' and
\oyoi;, 'a discourse.' A treatise on saliva.
SIALOMA. Saliva.
SIALON, Saliva.
SIALORRHffiA, Salivation.
SIALOS'CHESIS, from eiaXov, 'saliva,' and
tsX'^nic., ' retention.' Retention or suppression of
the saliva.
SIALOSYRINGES, Salivary fistuLnp.
SIALOZEMIA, Salivation — s. Mercurialis,
Salivation, mercurial.
SIAMESE TWINS, see Twins, Siamese.
SIBARE, Phrenitis.
SIBBENS, Sivvens, Framlce'sia Sco'tica. An
infectious disease in the mountainous parts of
Scotland, viewed to be of the venereal kind.
Siicin, in the Keltic, means raspberry; and it is
said that, in this affection, fungi appear like rasp-
berries. From siwin, the inhabitants have made
aierin, sihhen, sibbens, and sivvens. By some,
this affection is regarde<i as a complication of the
venereal and itch. In the Orkneys, sibbens means
itch. — .lamieson.
SIB'ILANT, Sih'ihia, Sih'ilans, from sibilo,'l
hiss. I whistle.' Making a hissing or whistling
sound. See Bale sibilant.
SIBILISMUS AURIUM, Tinnitus aurium.
SIBILUS AURIUM, Tinnitus aurium.
SICCAN'TIA, from siccare, ' to dry.' Xeran'-
tica, (F.) Siccati/s. Drying medicines. See
Desiccativa.
SrCCA TIFS. Siccantia.
SICCATIO, Drying.
SICCHA'SIA, aiKxaaia. 'disgust.' A distress-
ing disgust for food; such as is experienced by
women with child.
SICILICUM
839
SILEXE CRASSIFOLIA
SICTL'TCUM. A Roman weight of about two
drHcliriii<.
.SICK, Snx. reOC, ^f/er, AJr/fo'hm, Xoa'eron,
NiiHii'deH, JricciiH, Ldhoiio'nun, Labo'rnii", (F.)
Midnde. Labouring under ditJease; BisctH'ed,
DiMleiii'pered, III, Ai/iiit/, Dinor'dered. Such is
its a(;ceptation in old English, and generally in
the United States. In mo.-t piirts of the United
States, if a patient is iiffected with a sli^'lit indis-
position, he is said to bo sick ; if with one more
severe, he is said to be ill ; (Prov.) bad. hiidh/.
In En;,Mand, it most commonly means, — affected
with disorder of the stomach, or nausea.
A sick person, yEt/e); yEc/ro'fKa. (F.) Miihide,
who is under the charge of a physician is said to
be a. p'ltleiit, or the patient of the physician. At
times, but rarely, patient is used for a sick per-
son in the abstract.
f^icK Stomach, Milk sickness.
SICKLY, Morbii'sim, Vulnfiidina'iiiiii, Adt/n'-
nt'iii, Nonnc'eroH, Nnso'des, Morbose, Mor'bideitt,
Uidie.dth'y. (Se.) Hnwjh, (F.) Mfd„d!f. Subject to
be sick, or in feel)le health. Ailing.
;5fCK\ESS, Disease, Plague — s. Falling.
Epilepsy ^s. Mountain, Puna — s. River, Milk
sickiie.-s — s. Sea, Nausea uiarina — s. of the Sto-
mach, Vomiting — s. Swamp, Milk sickness.
SICLIUM, Sicilicum.
STCIIA. Cupping-glass.
SICULA, Beta, Penis.
SICYEDON. Caulcdon.
SIDA ABUTILON. Abutilon Avicennjc.
SIDE, PAIiN IN THE. Pleurodynia.
SIDERA'TIO, Si/dern'ti„, Sldern'tlon, from
i!diis,iilden's, 'a star;' because the condition was
thought to be produced by the influence of the
stars. The state of one struck suddenly, without
apparent cause, and as if by the influence of the
stars or planets — Planetstnick. The ancients
comprised under this name, different morbid
conditions, such as paralysis, apoplexy, and gan-
grene.
SiDKRATio, Apoplexy, Asphyxia, Phrenitis —
£. Oy?is, Spina ventosa.
SIDERATION, Astrobolismos. Sideratio.
SIDEUrOX, Ferramentum.
SIDERITES, Magnet.
SIDERITIS. Magnet. Teucrium chamaepitys.
SIUEROKRENyE, Water, mineral, (chaly-
beate.)
SIDEROPEa^, Water, mineral (chalybeate).
SIDKROS, Ferrum.
SIDEROXYLON, Chrysophyllum eainito.
SrUE-SADDLE-PLANT, Sarracenia.
SIDHEE, see (Junjah.
SIDMOUTII (CLIMATE OF). Sidmouth is
in Uevonshire, England, on the sea-beach, at
the mouth of the Sid. It is much frequented by
invalids, both during the summer and winter.
The climate is, however, damp, and subject to
sea -fogs.
SriJGE. Anus.
SIELISMOS, Salivation.
SIELON, Saliva.
SIEVE, see Cribration — s. Drum, see Cribra-
tion.
SIFFLEMENT {^.), from siffler, 'to whistle.'
Whistling.
STFFLEMEXT MODULE, Cho,,t de» artirei,.
Bruit miixicnl, 'modulated whistling, or music of
the arteries.' A kind of sound heard on auscul-
tation, resembling, at times, the humming of cer-
tain insects. Various musical sounds, (F.) Bruits
tiiKnicnitt, are described from fancied resem-
blances : — as Hriiit dc piindrmei)t,rof:cmh]\ns the
clu<'king of the hen; — /Iriiit dp jnppement. re-
sembling the barking or yelping of a young
dog, <tc. I
The sound is chiefly met with in those labour-
ing under chlorosis.
SIGAULTIAN SECTION, Symphyseotomy.
SIGE, Taciturnity.
SKiH, Suspirium.
SIGHT, Vision — s. Askew, Dysopia lateralis
— s. False, Metamorphopsia, Pseudoblepsia — s.
Feebleness of, Amblyopia.
SIGILLUM SALAMONIS, Convallaria poly-
gonatum — s. Virginitatis, Hymen.
SIGMATOID, Sigmoid.
SIG;\I0ID, Siijiiiiiid'al, Stg'mafoid, Sigmo'i'den,
Siffiiio'dee, Sit/moi'deiis ; from eigma and fiiioc.
' resemblance.' That which has the form of the
Greek S or C.
SiGMoin Cartilagrs, Semilunar cartilages.
Sigmoid Cavitirs or Foss^ of the Ul.va, (F.)
Ciiriten ou Foiies nif/mo'idfis, are two notches at
j the upper part of that bone, — one for the recej)-
tion of the humerus; the other for that of the
radius.
Sigmoid Flexure of the Colon, Flexn'ra
xit/iiifii'dea sou ili'ara, is a turn the colon takes
immediately before its termination in the rectum.
Sigmoid Fossa (of the temporal bone), Fossa
sigmoidea.
Sigmoid or Sbmilitnar Valvks, ValvidfB Sli/-
nimdrn. Proven' KHS Siymo'i'dcx, (F.) Valridcs sirj-
noiden ou neiin'lKimircs, are three valvular fold.-,
at the commencement of the pulmonary artery
and aorta. These valves have the form of a
crescent, when applied against the parietes of
the vessel. V.Hien the blood is sent from the
ventricles by their contraction, the valves are
applied against the sides of the vessel; but,
during the diastole of the ventricle, they are de-
pressed, and prevent the blood from returning to
the heart. At the middle of the convexity of
each valve is a small, hard, triangular granulun',
called Cnrpun'cidiiDi seu Glob' uliin Aro\i'tii, which
completely closes up the passage. It is, also,
called Corptturnhnn Mi)rtjagn'ii and C. Sesamo'i-
deitm, (F.) Globule d'Araulius.
SIGN, Sigiiinii, Senii'oti, {¥.) Signe. Any
present or past circumstance, afforded by the ex-
amination of a patient, or of matters concerning
him, whence a conclusion may be drawn regar<!-
ing the nature and seat of his disease. The phe-
nomena which precede the disease are called a>i-
niiDies'fic or commem'orntire nigins ; — those which
accompany it are termed diognoH'tic, if they
reveal the nature or seat of the disease,- — prog,
jion'tic, when they indicate its probable duration
and termination. See Symptom.
STGNA ASSTDENTIA, see As.=idens.
SIG'NATURE, Signntu'rn, SIgito'fio, from
nigntiiii, ' a sign ;' EpiKphngism'on. This term
was applied in the Eastern countries, in the
middle ages, to mystic characters of good or bad
augury, with which it was pretended that every
one was marked by the star under which he was
born.
Signatures of Plants meant certain peculia-
rities in their external formation or colour, which
indicated that they were adapted for particular
diseases: — as in the case of the Lungicort, Liver-
wort. <fec.
SIGNES AVANT-COUREUR!?. Precursory
signs — «. Precvrseiiri, Precursory signs.
SIGNUM, see Parturition — s. Charncteristi-
cum, see Pathognomonic — s. Conjunctum, see
Pathognomonic — s. Dincriticum, see Diacritiea
signa — s. Morbi essentiale, see Pathognomonic.
SILACH, Silac. An Arabic word, used to
designate thickening of the eyelids, Crnsi>it''ici
Pnlpebra'riim ; and, also. Alopecia. — Forestu.-.
Stephanus.
STLEXCE. see l\rurmnr, respiraforv.
SILENE CRASSIFOLIA, Cucubalus behen—
SILER LANCIFOLIUM
840
SINGULTOUS
s, Iiiflata, Cucubalus behea — s. Thorei, Cucuba-
liis behen.
Silk'nr VirGIN'ica, Ground Pink, Wild Pink,
('■itch Fli/. Ord. Caryopliyllaceie. The root
lias been employed in decoction, as an efiBcacious
antlielinintic.
SiLKNE Pennsylvan'ica probably has the same
Itroperties.
SILER LAlSrCIFOLTUM, Laserpitium siler
— r. Montanuui, Laserpitium siler.
SIL'IQUA, Cei-n'tion ; the carat. A weight
of about four grains. A pod.
SiLiQUA AiiABicA, Tamarindus — s. Araci aro-
niatici, see Vanilla — s. Banilhe, see Vanilla — s.
Dulcis, Ceratoniura silimia — s. Vanigliae, see Va-
nilla— s. Vanilliae. see Vanilla.
SILIQUASTRUM PLINII.Capsicum annuum.
SILK, Serieuin.
SILK GRASS, Yucca filamentosa — s. Weed,
Aselepias SuUivantii, Asclopias tuberosa — s. Weed,
ciiiunion, Aselepias Syriaca — s. Weed, flesh-co-
loured, Aselepias incarnata — s. Weed, swamp,
Aselepias incarnata — s. Worm, see Sericum.
SfLLON, Sulcus — s. Jlorizontnl de la veine
t>mbilic<(le, see Liver — ». Transvema/e, see Liver
— s. de la Veine cove in/erieur, see Liver — s. de
III Veine pnrle, see Liver.
SfL L ONNEMENT, Segmentation.
SILO, Camus.
SILPIIIUM, Laserpitium.
Sh.I'h'iiim Laciniatum, Rimn weed, Compass
phint, I'oliir plant.
Sll.PHlUM Perfoma'tum, Cnj) Plant, Turpen-
tine Sun Flower, and
SlLPHKIAf TKItKBINTniNA'CEtIM, Pra'irie Buv-
doflc ; Nat. Order, Cumpositw ; indigenous in
Ohio and Michigan, and flowering from July to
September; yield a fragrant gum which is es-
teemed stimulant and antispasmodic.
SILURUS ULANIS, see Ichthyocolla.
SILIIS, Camus.
SILVKR, Argentiim — s, Ammonio-chloride of,
see Argentum — s. Chloride of, see Argentuin —
s. Chloruret of, see Argentum — s. Cyanide of, see
.Argentuin — s. Cyanuret of, see ."Argentum — s.
Iodide of, see Argentum — s. loduret of, see Ar-
gentuin.
Silver Leaf, Magnolia macrophylla.
SiLVKU, Muriate op, see Argentum — s. Nitrate
of, Argeiiti nitras — s. Oxide of, see Argentum.
Silver and Ammonia, Chloride of, see Ar-
gentum— s. and Ammonia, chloruret of, see Ar-
gentum— s. and Soda, Hyposulphite of, Sodae et
argenti hyposulpliis.
SILYBUM. Cnrduus marianns — s. Maculatum,
Carduus marianus — s. Marianum, Carduus ma-
rianus.v
SIMA'BA CEDRON. Nat. Fam. Simarubnceje.
A South American tree, the seeds of which —
cedron seeds — have been used as an antidote for
snake-bites. They have, also, been proposed in
niental diseases and in epilepsy. The scrapings
of the wood have been used as a substitute for
sulphate of quinia.
Simaba Qi'ASSTOinES, Nima quassioides.
SIMAROUBA, Quassia simarouba— s. Bitter,
Quassia simnrouba — s. Faux, Malpighia mourella.
SIMARUB.\, Quassia simarouba.
SiMARi'BA Opfkmnalis, Quassia simarouba.
SIMILATIO, Assimilation.
SIMITIUM, Plumbi subcarbonas.
SIMO. Camus.
SIMONEA FOLLICULORUM, Acarus folli-
culorum.
STMOTRACHELUS, Bysauehen.
SIMPLKR'S JOY, Verbena hastata.
SI.VIPLES. Medicinal herbs. One skilled in
eimples is called a Simplist, a lihizot'ouust.
SIMPLIST, see Simples.
SIMULATED DISEASES, Feigned discaseg.
SIM UL ATI MORBI, Feigned di.-eascs.
SIMUS, Camus.
SINA LEVANTICA, Artemisia santoniea.
SINAPELjE'ON, from <rii'oirt, ' mustard,' and
iXaiav, 'oil.' Oil impregnated with mustard.
SINAPI, Sinapis.
SINA'PIS, iS. nir/ra scu cer'nua seu Olive-
ria'na. Bras' slcn nii/ro, Napns, Erii'en, Sina'jie,
Sina'pi, Sine'pi, Na'pinm, Na]>i/, Common lilack
Mnsfurd, (F.) MoOtarde noire ou (/rise, Sfnevf,
Sanve. Ord. CruoiferiB. Se.r. Stjst. Tetrndyna-
mia Siliquosa. The seeds are inodorous, when
entire ; but, when bruised, the colour is very pun-
gent; taste bitterish and acrid. They yield their
virtues to water, and afford a bland oil by expres-
sion. The seeds are stimulant, diuretic, emetic,
and rubefacient. They are sometimes rec(mi-
mended to be swallowed whole, in djspepsia, tor-
por of the bowels, <fec. Externally, they are ap-
plied in the form of cataplasm. See Sinapism.
SiNAl'ls Alba, S.folio'sa, Bonannia offieinn'lia,
Napns Lenco-sina'pis, White Ulnstard, is also used
medicinally. It is somewhat less pungent than
the black. The distilled oW— Oleum Sinapis— is
a powerful stimulant and rubefacient. In the
pharmacopoeias of the United States and London,
Sinapis is the seeds of Sinapis nigra and Sinapis
alba.
Whitehead's Essence of 3fnstnrd consists of oil
of turpentine, camphor, and a portion o( spirit of
Roseman/ : to which is added a small quantity
of flour of mustard. It is a celebrated embroca-
tion for rheumatism, &c.
Whitehead's Essence of Mustard Pills consist
of yellow resin and balsam of tolu enough to
make into pills.
Mustard Whey is made by taking bruised mns.
tard seeds ^ss, and jnilkO). Boil together until
the milk is curdled, and strain.
This whey is used in dropsy.
Sl.NAPis Arven'sis, S. Timoria'na, Charlock,
Wild Mustard, Garlock, Chadloch, Runsh, (Sc.)
Punches, Scaldricks, Skelloch. Skellie. The seeds
are sometimes substituted for black mustard.
Sinapis Crr'nita, Sinapis — s. Eruca, Brassica
eruca — s. Foliosa, S. alba — s. Nigra, see Sinapis
alba — s. Oliveriana, Sinapis — s. Tamoriana, S.
arvensis — s. Tuberosa, Brassica rapa.
STNAPTSTS, Bole Armenian.
SIN'APISM, Sinapis'7nns, from sinapis, 'mus-
tard.' A cataplasm, of which mustard forms the
basis, which is used for exciting redness, and
acting as a counter-irritant. It is prepared by
mixing flour of mustard and vinegar together to
the due consistence. See Cataplasma sinapis.
SIN'CIPUT, Sinrip'ital Region, Syn'ciput,
Hemicephala'nm. The French use it synony-
mously with vertex, Mesocra'nium, Mesocrn'num.
By some, it is applied to the frontal region or fore-
part, or forehalf of the cranium, Hemicephal'inm, .
Hemiceph'alum. The parietal bones have been
called sincipital hones, Ossa stncip'itis, (F.) Os
du sinciput.
SIN DON, aivfiuiv, very fine linen. A small
piece of rag, or round pledget, supported by a
thread at the middle, and introduced into the
openincrin the cranium made by the trephine.
SINKPI. Sinapis.
SINEW. Tendon.
SINGLETON'S GOLDEN OINTMENT is
formed n{ sidphuret of arsenic (realgar,) and lard
or spermaceti ointment.
SINGULT'OUS, Lyrpno'dcs. Lyr/o'des, Lynrjo'.
des, Lyni/go'des, (F.) Sinf/ulteu.r. from singultus,
'hiccough.' Relating to or affected with hio-
cough.
SINGULTUS
841
SINUS
STNOUL'TUS, Lynx, Li/r/muii, Spaimoli/r/'miifi,
Cloniin sen /'iieiiHiv aint/ul'tiiH, l/iccoiir/h. Hiccup,
(Prov.) Heuh-M, Yoke, (Se.) Enkin, Ee^kln, (F.)
HiiqiKt. A noise made l)y the sudden and in-
voUiiitary contraction of the diaphragm, and the
simultaneous contraction of the glottis, which
nrrefts the air in the trachea. It is a symptom
of many morbid conditions, and especially of
{jan^rene, but occurs, frequently, in persons
otherwise in good health.
SIN'ISTRAD, from alnhtcr, 'to the left hand.'
A term used by Dr. Barclay, adverbially, to sig-
uify ' towards the sinistral aspect.' See Mesial.
SINISTRAL ASPECT, see xMesial.
SINKIN(J, FATAL, Shock, nervous.
S/Nl/EUX, Sinuous.
SINUOSITAS, Sinus.
SIN'UOUS, Sinno'nuii, (F.) Si'iMiettjr, from ainiiH,
'a bay or curve.' An epithet given to certain
ulcers, and especially to certain fistulae, which
are tortuous.
SINUS, SinKo'xitdS, C<,lpo8, Abscon'nio, Enry-
vhii'rid, lifces'iiix, (F.) Gulfe, 'a cavity.' Any
cavity, the interior of which is more expanded
than the entrance. In this sense, anatomists
have applied the term to cavities in certain bones
of the head and face. It has been, also, applied
to certain venous canals, into which a number
of vessels eraj)ty themselves; such as the sinuses
of the dura mater and of the spine; the sinus of
the vena porta; uterine sinuses, <fcc.; — and to the
busorn.
In surgery, it means a long, narrow, hollow
track, leading from some abscess, diseased bone,
Ac. (F.) Clapler.
V Sinuses of bones form part of the nasal cavi-
ties. They are the frontal, sphenoidal, maxil-
lary, <fec. The name has also been given, occa-
sionally, to the ethmoid and mastoid cells.
SiNt's ActiSTiciis, Auditory canal, internal — -
s. Anifiullaeeus, Cavitas elliptica — s. Aortiei, Si-
nuses of Valsalva — s. Arteriosus, S. pulmonalis —
s. Basilar, Sinus transversus — e. Coreruen.v, Caver-
nous sinus — s. Cavernosi uteri, Sinus uterini — s.
Cavernosus, Cavernous sinus — s. Cerebri, Ven-
tricles of the brain — ». Choro'idien, S. quartus —
s. Circular, of Ridley, Sinus coronarius — ■ s. Cir-
cularis, S. coronarius — s. Communis, see Semi-
circular canals — «. Coronaire du cwur, see Car-
diac veins.
SiNt'S Corona'rius. S^ circuln'n's seu circn-
hi'ris Rtd'leyi, Circular Hinus of Kidlei/, Cor'onary
aiiiiin. A venous canal, which surrounds, in a
more or less regular manner, the pituitary fossa
and gland, emptying itself into the corresponding
cavernous sinus by each of its extremities.
Sinus, Cokonauy, Sinus coronarius — s. Coro-
nary of the heart. Sinus coronary, venous.
Sl.NUS COROXARY, VenoUS, Coronciry sinus of
the heiirt. A name given, on account of its great
size, to that portion of the great coronary vein
which embraces the left auriculo-ventricular fur-
row.
Sinus Cox.«, see Cotyloid — ». Z)ro)7, S. quartus.
SlNTS Dkxtkr Cordis, S. venn'mm nava'rnm
seu veno'sux, Sacciis venn'nim cavit'nim. The
right auricle of the heart: — A'trium cordis dex-
truin. See Auricula.
SiNUSKS OF THE DiiRA Mater, S. seu Fix'tulcB
seu Ciiviln'tes seu Ventric'idi seu Tn'bidi seu
SiiiK/iiiditc'tKS seu Receptor' ii!n Dura matris. are
fiirnied by a separation of the layers of the dura
mater, which acts as a substitute for the outer
membrane of veins. Bichat admits only four
great sinuses, of which all the others seem to be
dependencies; — the two lateml sinuses, the
stroit/hl sinus, and the longitudinal sinus. To
the lateral sinuses belong. — the jietrous sinuses,
superior and inferior; the transverse sinus; the
cavernous sinuses; the coronary sinus, and the
occipital sinuses. To the Straight sinus belongs
Ihe inferior longitudinal. The longitudinal sinus,
properly so called, has no sinus under its depend-
ence.
Sinus Falciformis Inferior, S. longitudinal,
inferior — s. Falciformis superior, S. longitudinal,
superior — s. Fourth, Torcular Herophili — s. Gen»
pituitarius. Antrum of Highmore— s. of the Jugu-
lar vein, see Jugular veins — s. Laerymalis, La-
chrymal sac — s. Lactiferus, see Lactiferous ves-
sels.
Sinuses of the Larynx, Ventricles of the
larynx.
Sinuses, Lat'erAL, Sinus transver'si, S. magni,
i9. lateru'les, (F.) Sinus lateraux. Each of these
sinuses, distinguished into right and left, begins
at the torcular Herophili or confluence of the
sinuses, and terminates at the sinus of the jugular
vein. ^
SINUS LATERAUX, Sinuses, lateral.
Sinuses, Longitu'dinal, S. Longitudina'les.
These are two in number. L Superior Longi-
tudinal Sinus, S. faleifor'rnis superior shu trian-
gula'ris. Sinus median, (Ch.) A long, triangular
canal; convex above, concave below; which oc-
cupies the whole of the upper edge of the falx
cerebri. It is broad behind, and much narrower
before, where it commences by a cul-de-sac, at
the crista galli of the ethmoid bone. It passes
along the frontal or coronal crest, sagittal suture,
and the vertical groove of the occipital bone. It
receives several veins from the dura mater; and
all those that are spread over the convex and
plain surfaces of the two hemispheres of the
brain. It discharges itself into the upper part
of the torcular Ilorojihili. 2. Inferior Longi-
tudinal SiNliS, >S'. falcifor' wis inferior, Vena
fdcis cer'ehri. This is much narrower than the
last, and occupies the inferior edge of the falx
cerebri, from its anterior third to the tentorium
cerebelli, where it terminates, commonly by two
branches, in the straight sinus.
Sinus Magni, Sinuses, lateral — s. Maxillary,
Antrum of Highmore — «. Median, Sinus longi-
tudinal superior — s. Median, see Semicircular
canals — s. Muliebris, Vagina.
Sinus, Oucip'ital, Sinus occipita'Us. These
sinuses commence at the sides of the foramen
magnum ossis occipitis, and ascend — becoming
broader and nearer each other — into the sub-
stance of the falx cerebelli, where they frequently
unite. Each opens into the inferior part of the
torcular Herophili. They receive the veins of
the falx cerebelli, of the dura mater which lines
the fossae cerebelli, and of the posterior part of
the cerebellum. Ilaller and Sommering have
given them the name o^ posterior occipital sinuses,
to distinguish them from the transverse sinus,
which they have called anterior occipital sinus.
Sinus Occiimtalis Antkrior, Sinus transver-
sus— s. Ophthalmic, see Cavernous sinus — s. Per-
pendicularis, S. quartus — s. Oviitus, see Crista
vestibuli — s. Pituitarii frontis. Frontal sinuses — s.
Poeularis, see Ejaculatory ducts — s. Polymorpbus,
Cavernous sinus — s. Portarum, see Liver — s.
Prostata?, see Ejaculatory Ducts — s. Pudeinii,
Vagina — s. Pudoris, Vagina, Vulva — s. Pulmo-
nales. Sinuses of Valsalva.
Sinus Pulmona'lis, iS'. sinis'ter cordis seu re-
na'rum p)dinoiia'linni seu arterio'sus, S<icciis ve-
>ia'rnm puhnonn'tium. A'trium cordis sinis'trum.
The left auricle of the heart. Sec Auricula.
Sinus of thk Pulmonary Veins, Auricle, left.
Sinus Qitartus, S. perpendicnla'rtu. Straight
sinus, (F.) Sinus choro'idien (Ch.), Sinusdroil. This
sinus — triangular throughout ; wide posteriorly ;
narrower anteriorly; slightly oblique downwanls
and backwards — passes along the base of the fal.\
SIPEERI
842
SITZBATH
cerebri, from the termination of the inferior lon-
gitudinnl sinus to the torcular llerophili. It re-
ceives the inferior loni^itudinal sinus, the veins
of the hiteral ventricles or veiics Galeni, the supe-
rior cereliellous veins, <tc.
Sinus Renum, Pelvis of the kidney— s. Rhom-
lioideus, see Ventricles of the brain — s. Rotundus,
see Crista vestibuli — s. of the Septum lucidum,
Ventricle, fiCth— s. Sinister cordis, S. pulmonalis
— s. Sphenoidalis, Cavernous sinus — s. Straight,
S. quartus — s. Superciliares, Frontal sinuses — s.
Terminalis, Circulus venosus — s. Transversi,
Sinuses, lateral.
SiNiis Tuansver'sus, iS". occijyita'Us ante'Hor,
ISan'ilar sitnis. This sinus lies transversely at
the anterior part of the basilary process of the
occi))ital bone. It forms a communication be-
tween the two petrous sinuses, and the cavernous
sinus of one side, and those of the other. Its
breadth is commonly very great. It is situate
between two layers of the dura mater, and pre-
sents, internally, a kind of cavernous tissue.
SiNDs Tkiangularis, S. longitudinal, superior
— s. Urogenitalis, Urogenital sinus.
Sinus, UrERi'Nr, S. cavemo'si U'teri, U'teri'ne
sinuses. A name given to cavities, formed by
the uterine veins in the substance of the uterine
parietes. They are very large during pregnancy.
Sinus Utriculosus, see Semicircular canals —
». den Vaisseaiix seiiiinij'eres, Corpus Ilighmori.
Sinuses of Vai.sal'va are three depressions
in the aorta — Sinus aor'tiei, — and pulmonary ar-
tery— Sinus piilmonu'les — immediately opposite
the semilunar valves. Their use is to leave the
edges of the valves free, so that they can be
caught by the refluent blood. Where the aorta
is about to send off the first of its large branches,
at the top of the thora.x, it is of great size, and
has been called the Lon/e siuiis of Vuhnlvn.
Sinus of the Vena Cava, Auricle, right — s.
Venarum cavarum, S. dexter cordis — s. Venarum
pulmonalium, S. pulmonalis — s. Venosus, S. de.x-
tcr cordis.
Si'nuses, Veu'tebrAL, (F.) Sinus vertebrauoc.
Two great venous sinuses, different from those of
the dura mater, which extend the whole length
of the verteljral canal, from the occipital foramen
to the end of the sacrum, behind the bodies of the
vertebrae, before the dura mater, and at the sides
of the posterior vertebral ligament. At their in-
ner side they communicate with each other by
means of branches, which form true transverse
sinuses. They are situate at the middle of the
body of each vertebra, passing under the posterior
vertebral ligament. They receive, at their mid-
dle part, the veins that arise in the spongy tissue
of the vertebras. By their external side, the ver-
tebral sinuses communicate with the posterior
branches of the vertebral, intercostal, and lum-
bar veins. At their posterior side they receive
the veins, which creep on the prolongation of the
dura mater that envelops the marrovr.
Sinus Vulvje, Rima vulvae.
SIPEERI, Bebeeru.
SIPEERINE, see Bebeeru.
SIPHAR, Peritoneum.
SIPHILIS, Syphilis.
SIPHITA. Somnambulism — s. Prnva, Chorea.
SIPHO, Siphon — s. Urinae, Diabetes.
SIPHON, Sipho, ai(i.a)v, 'a tube.' A bent tube,
whose limbs are of une(|ual length, employed in
pharmacy for transferring liquids from one vessel
to another. With this view, the shorter limb is
plunged into the liquid; and air is sucked from
the extremity of the lower limb. The pressure
of the atmosphere forces the fluid through the
tube; and the flow will continue as long as the
extremity of the longer limb is below the level
of the fluid in which the shorter limb is im-
mersed.
An exhausting syringe is, at time.«, attached to
the longer extremity of the siphon, by means of
which the air can be drawn from it.
Siphon, Plunging. An instrument, used in
pharmacy for obtaining a s])cciincn, — nt times, a
measured specimen, — of any liquid. With this
view, the instrument is immersed into liciuid, and
allowed to remain there until full. The opening
at the top is then closed with the thumb: and
the contents, thus removed, are allowed to fl<iw
out by removing the thumb and permitting tliu
entrance of air. It is a form of the pi/ntle.
SIPIIONIA CAHUCIIU, see Caoutchouc — s.
Elastica, see Caoutchouc.
SIPIIUNCULUS, Syringe.
SIRA, Orpiment.
SIRENS. Syinmeles.
SIRIASIS, Coup de Soleil, Insolation, Phre-
nitis — s. .^gvptiaca, Coup de Solfil.
SIRIIJM MYRTIFOLIUM, Santalum album.
SIRIUS, Canicula.
SlJiOP, Syrup — s. de Capillaire, see Adiantum
capillus veneris — «. de Corn/line, see Coralliua
Corsieana — «. Simple, Mel despumatum.
SIRUP, Syrup.
SISON AMMI, jEthu'sa amvii, Cnid'ivm teniii-
fo'/lum, f'ivipitiello laterifo'lia, Ses'eli foenicnli-
fo'linm. Old. Umbellit'era;. Sex. Si/sf. Pen-
tandria Digynia. The plant that affords the
Amnii verum of the shops; (¥.) Amnii des Bou-
tiques. The seeds — Seintn Am'urios cretici seu
veri — were once used as a carminative.
SiRON Amo'mum, (F.) Arnome faux, is consi-
dered to be excitant and diuretic. It is the /ield
honewort.
SisoN Anisum, Pimpinella anisum — s. Poda-
graria, Ligustieum podagraria.
SISTENS, Epischeticus.
SISYMBRIUM ALLIARIA, Alliaria— s. Bar-
barea. Erysimum barbarea — s. Erucastrum. Bras-
sica eruca — s. Menthastrum, Mentha aquatica.
Sisym'bRIUM Nastur'tiuji, A'a«rin(H(m aquat'-
icum. seu officina'le, Laver odora'tum, Cralevm'-
sium, Cieasi, Cai-danii'ne fonta'na seu ■nostur'tium,
Water Cress, (F.) Cresson de fontaine. Ord.
Cruciferac. Sex. Syst. Tetradynamia Siliquosa.
Water-cresses are commonly used in salad. They
have obtained a place in the materia medica for
their antiscorbutic qualities.
Sisymbrium Officinale, Erysimum — s. Par-
viflorum, S. sophia.
Sisymbrium So'phia, S. pnrvijlo'ruvi. Herb
Sophia, Sophia Chirurgo'rum, FUx or Flux weed,
(F.) Sagesse des Ohirurgiens. It was once re-
puted to be anthelmintic, and valuable in hyste-
rical affections. It is not used.
Other species of Nasturtium, as N. Palus'tre,
Marsh tcater-cress ; and N. Amphib'ium, Water-
radish, possess similar virtues with Nasturtium
ofiBcinale.
STSYRIN'CITIUM BERMUDIA'NUM, liJue-
eyed Lily, Physic or Scurvy grass ; indigenous;
Order, Iridacea; ; flowering from Jime to August.
Used as a cathartic by the Thompsoninns. A
decoction of the root is acrid and cathartic.
SITICULOSUS, Dipsodes, see Alterative.
SITIENS. Dipsodes.
SITIS, Thirst — s. Intensa, Polydipsia — 8.
Morbosa, Polvdijisia.
SITKA, MINERAL WATERS OF. See Arch-
angel, New, mineral waters of.
SITOS, Aliment.
SITUS ALIENUS, Ectopia— s. Anomalus seu
perversns intestinorum, Splnnchnectopia — ?. Mu-
tatus. Ectopia, see Monster — s. Pcrversus, Ec-
topia.
SITZBATH, see Bath, half.
SIUM
!4n
SMALLAGE
STUM, S. nod! fl I, 'rum seu nngvitJfo'liuni seu
Bei'iiln seu erec'tnm seu incl'mini, A'pinm uliitii,
Neliiinciu'dliim vudi/li/ruiii, Ber'ida aiigustl/o'lia,
Ber'ula, Creephig Water-pm-anep, (F.) Berle no-
dijlnie. Old. UmbellifcraB. Sex. Si/at. Pentan-
dria Digynia. It is stimulant, and supposed to
V)e diuretic and lithontriptio. It is, sometimes,
employed in cutaneous eruptions.
Shim Angustifolium, S. nodiflorura — s. Apium,
Apium graveolens — s. Berula, S. nodiflorum — s.
Bulbocastanum, Eunium bulbocastanum — s. Car-
vi, Carum — s. Ercctum, S. nodiflorum — s. Graveo-
lens, Apium graveolens — s. Incisum, S. nodiflorum.
SiUM Latifo'lium is the common W(tter-pur-
tnep of the United States. It is said to be poi-
sonous.
Skim Luna're. The root is eaten by the Che-
pewyans. It has an agreeable nutty flavour. By
the Canadians, it is called Queue de Bat. The
poisonous roots of Cicuta virosa, C. maculata, and
C. bulbifera, are often mistaken for it. — Sir J.
Richardson.
Shim NiNsr. The plant whose root is called
Radix Nhmi, Niuzin. Nindsin. This root was
long supposed to be the same as ginseng, and it
possesses similar, though weaker properties. See
Panax schinseng.
SiuM Nodiflorum, Slum — s. Silaus, Pcuceda-
num silaus.
SlUM Sis'arum, Skirret, (F.) Chervi, Girole,\s
used as a salad in Europe ; and has been thought
a useful diet in chest affections.
SiuM Vi'LGARB, Ligusticum podagraria.
SIVVEN, Rubus idaeus.
SIVVENS, Sibbens.
SKAW, Scall.
SKEELY, Strabismus.
SKELETIA, Emaciation.
SKELETOL'OGY, Seeletolog"ia, (F.) Sqneht-
toliKjie, from skeleton, and Aoyo;, *a discourse.' A
treatise on the solid parts of the body. This
part of anatomy comprehends Osteology and
Syiiilenmoloi/ij.
SKEL'ETON, Scel'etum, Sceleton, Cadov'er ex-
aicca'tiim; (Old Eng. and Prov.) At'omy, Aiiat'-
oiiiy, (Sc.) Sjxiig, (F.) Sqnelette, Charpeiite osse-
nse : {aKcXtros, 'dried up,' from tr/ctAXw, 'I dry.') A
dried body. The aggregate of the hard parts
of the body, or the bones. A skeleton is found
in almost all animals, although it may not always
be formed in the same manner. In some, as in
the Crustacea and testacea, it is wholly or partly
externnl, Exo-skeletou, Denno-iikeleton. In others,
ns in birds, the mammalia, <fec., it is internnl,
Endo-skeleton, Neuro-nkeleton. It serves as a
support for other organs. On it the general
shape of the body and of its various parts is
greatly dependent. When the bones are united
by their natural ligaments, the skeleton is said to
be natural, Sc<d'etiim nrifiira'le ; when articulated
by means of wires, artificial or articulated, Scel'-
etuin artifiriii'le.
SKELETOPCE'IA, Scehtopce'a, Sceleten'sis,
from skeleton, and noitin, ' I make.' The part of
practical anatomy which treats of the preparation
of bones, and the construction of skeletons.
Bones are prepared to e.xhibit their conformation,
structure, cliymical composition, mode of develop-
ment, and changes ; the different cavities formed
by their union ; and to demonstrate their connex-
ions, relations, modes of union, <fec.
SKELLIE, Sinapis arvensis. Strabismus.
SKHLLOCII, Sinapis arvensis.
SKEVISCH, Erigeron Pbiladelphicum.
SKKVISII, FLEABANE, Erigeron Philadel-
phicum.
SKI-"\V SKiIIT, Dysopia lateralis.
SKIX. Cutis — s. Bronzed, see Capsule, renal.
SKIN-BIND, Induration of the cellular tissue.
SKIN-BOUND DISEASE, Induration of the
cellular tissue.
SKIN, SCARF, Epidermis.
SKIN-TIGHT, Induration of the cellular tissue.
SKIOMACHIA, Seiomacby.
SKIRRET, Slum sisarum.
SKIRRIIUS. Scirrhus.
HKlItSE, Scirrhus.
SKITTER, Diarrhoea.
SKOKE, Phytolacca decandra.
SKOLEMORA FERNAMBUCENSIS, Geof-
fraea vermifuga.
SKOLIOSIS, Scoliosis.
SKUE-SIGHT, Dysopia lateralis.
SKULL, Cranium.
SKULL-CAP, Calvaria, Scutellaria galericu-
lata — s. Cap, maddog, Scutellaria laterifolia.
SKUNK-CABBAG'E, Dracontium foeti.ium.
SKUNK-WEED, Dracontium foeiidum.
SLAB, Torticollis.
SLABBERING, Slavering.
SLATE. IRISH, Hibernicus lapis.
SLATERS, Onisci aselli.
SLATKAIA TRAVA, see Spirit.
SLAVERING, Slab'bering, Slob'beriiig. Dr!r'.
elling, (Old E.) Pirtling, from salica. Ptijalix'-
muH iners, (F.) Bare. Involuntiiry flow of saliv:i,
from sluggishness of deglutition, without in-
creased secretion. It is seen in the infant, the
aged, and the idiot.
SLEEP, Sax. rlep : Somnuf, SompmiH, Sopor,
Dorinit"io, Ifi/puon, (F.) Sotiimeil. Temporary
interruption of our relations with external olijeels.
A repose of the organs of sense, intellectual facul-
ties, and voluntary motion.
The act of quitting this condition is called
awaking, {Y.) Ecigilation, Reveil. Sometimes this
is progressive and natural; at others, sudden and
st.arting; (F.) Reveil en sursaut, — as in nightmare,
affections of the heart, hypochondriasis, &c.
Slekp, Magnkt'ic, Iliipno'sin bioiiiogiiet'ica, is
the sleep induced by the so-called animal mag-
netism. See Magnetism, animal.
Slf.kp, Nkrvoi'S, see Magnetism, animal.
SLEEPLESSNESS, Inscimnia.
SLEEP-WALKING, Somnambulism.
SLIACS, MINERAL WATERS OF. Sliacs
is .a favourite bathing-place in Hungary, a few
miles from Neusohl. Some of the waters are
cold; others, thermal : the former are carbonated
chiilybeates ; the latter are much used in the
same cases as thermal springs in general.
SLIDING OP THE FLAP, see Flap.
SLIEVE-FISII, Sepia.
SLING, (G.) Schlinge, Mitel'la, Jfit'rinm,
(F.) Eeharpe. A bandage employed to keep the
forearm bent on the arm, in cases of injury done
to those parts, in fracture of the clavicle, injury
of the hands, <fec. A handkerchief is often suffi-
cient for this purpose. It must be folded dia-
gonally, and be tied, by the extremities, round
the neck. The French surgeons have used many
varieties of Echarpes or slings; as the Grande
eeharpe, Eeharpe moyenne, Petite eeharpe, Eeharpe
de J. L. Petit, <fcc.
SLIPPERS, Irapatiens.
SLIT AND TAIL BANDAGE, Invaginated
bandage.
SLOBBERING, Slavering.
SLOE, Viburnum prunifolium.
SLOE-TREE. Prunus sjiinosa.
SLOKE. GREEN, Ulva latissima.
SLOUGH, Eschar.
SLOVEN M'OOD, Artemisia abrotanum.
SLOWS, Milk-sickness.
SLUG, Liinax — s. Sea, Biche de Mer.
SLUMBER. Somnolency.
SMALLAGE, Apium graveolens.
SMALL-rOX
844
SNUFFLES
SMALL-POX. Variola— s. Modified, Varioloid.
SMALT, Pn.tox'id,- of Cohnh, Smalt,,,,,, Saf,-e,
Znffre, Azi,i; Blue Starch. This oxyd has been
<;iven in rheuinatisin, in the dose often to twenty
grains. A hirirer quantity excites vomiting.
SMAKAfi'DUS, (Tfiapay^of, (F.) Eme,-axide.
The emerald. It was formerly regarded as a
tonic.
SMAHTWEED, Polygonum hydropiper, P.
punctatuni.
SMEOTICA. Detergents.
SMECTIS. Cimolia terra.
SMECTRIS, Cimolia terra.
SMEGMA, a^iriyna, from ajxri')(^uv, 'to wipe, to
rub off.' Soap, grea.-^e, a salve, a liniment. Also,
the secretion from the sebaceous follicles of the
skin.
Smkgma Artichlare, Synovia — s. Cutaneum,
see Sel):iceous glands.
Smkgma PH.*:i>u'Tri, Sebum prcspxtia'le. The
fatty secretion from the sebaceous follicles of the
glans penis.
SMEOMATORRIICEA, Stearrhoea.
SME(iMORRH(EA, Stearrhoea.
SMELL. SENSE OF, Olfaction.
SMELLING, Olfaction.
SMELLOME'S OINTMENT FOR THE
EYES, Ceratum resinae.
SMILACI'NA RACEMO'SA, False Spike-
nard; indigenous; Oid. Liliaceae ; is said to be
alterative, diuretic and diaphoretic.
SMILAX, aiitXa^, Taxus baccata — s. Aspera
Chinensis, Smilax China — s. Aspera Peruviana,
Smila.x sarsaparilla — s. Canellaifolia, S. pseudo-
China.
Smilax China, S. oa'pera Chinen'sis. Ord.
SmilaccEe. Ser. S^nt. Dioecia Ilexandria. The
root — C1,ina, Ch. orienta'lis seu poudero'nn seu
vera, Saii'n'ra, Ga,tq,iav<i, China root, (F.) Sqtiine.
Eaquiue, Racii,e de Chi,ie. Formerly much used
m cutaneous and venereal affections.
Smii.ax Glauca; indigenous; has similar vir-
tues to those of S. Sarsaparilla.
Smilax IlRDKri/EFOLiA, S. pseudo-China — s.
ludioa Spinosa, Smilax pseudo-China — s. Offici-
nalis, Smilax sarsaparilla.
Smilax Pskudo-China, S. Tn'dica spinn'sa seu
ca„ell(r.fo'liii seu hedertpfu'lia, China occidenta'lis
seu spii'ria noda'aa, An,crica,i or West India
China. In scrofulous disorders, the root has
been often preferred to the oriental kind. In
other cases, it possesses similar virtues.
Smilax Sarsapauil'la, S. officinu'lis, Sarsa-
paril'/a, Sart'iparil'la, Smilax as'pera Pertivia'-
i,a, Sarza, Sarsa, Carivillan'di, Iva Pecan'ya,
Jffacapatli, Zama, Zarznparil'la, (F.) Salsepa-
ville. Tiie root of this and other species of
Smilax is inodorous ; taste bitterish, feculaceous,
and fibrous; of a dark colour externally; white
v/ithin. It is possessed of diuretic and demulcent
properties, and has been often employed in the
sequelae of syphilis; when, after a mercurial
course, nocturnal pains, ulcerations, <fee., continue.
It has, also, been advised in scrofula, chronic
rheumatism, &c. ; but its efficacy is, to say the
least of it, a matter of doubt. Dose, ^j to 3J
of the powder.
It is obtained from Honduras, Brazil, and
Peru — the varieties being called respectively,
Jlondiirns, {¥.) Salseparei/le de IIoudnraH ; Jjia-
zil, (F.) S. de Bresil ou de Porfuf/al, and Peru-
vian Sarsaparilla, (F.) S. de Pero,i ou curaqne.
Smilax Tamnoides; indigenous; has similar
jiroperties.
SMILE, (r/itXi7. A curved, two-edged bistoury.
A knife.
SMILEON, Scalpel.
SMIT, see Contagion.
SMITTLE, see Contagious.
SMVKNA. Myrrhii.
SMYRN ISMOS, Embalming.
SMYR'NIUM OLUSA'TRUM, Sm,jr'„ium,
from ofivpva, 'myrrh,' the odour of the seeds re-
sembling that of myrrh ; Ilipposeli' nun,, Mace-
ro'na, Marednnis'iuni, f/crba Alexundri' na, Gri'-
elu,n, Aijrioseli'un,!,, Alexan'ders, Alsanders. A
plant foruierly cultivated for culinary purposes.
The seeds are bitter and aromatic, and the roots
more powerfully bitter. They have been recom-
mended as resolvents, diuretics, emmenagogues,
<fec.
SNAGGLE-TEETH, Odontoparallaxis.
SNAGREL, Aristoloohia serpentaria.
SNAIL, Limax—s., Shell, Cochlea,
SNAKEIIEAD, Chelone glabra.
SNAKEROOT, Garuleum bipinnatum — s.
Birthwort, Aristolochia serpentaria — s. Black,
Aetata raeemosa, Sanicula Mnrilandica — s. But-
ton, Eryngium aquaticum, Liatris spicnta — s.
Canada, Asarum Canadense — s. Dewitt, Prenan-
thes — s. Evergreen, Polygala paucifolia — s.
Heart, Asarum Canadense — s. Virginiana, Aris-
tolochia serpentaria — s. White, Eupatorium ago-
ratoides.
SNAKEWEED, Aristolochia serpentaria, Ile-
leniutu autumnale. Polygonum bistorta — g. Ame-
rican, Cicuta maculata.
SNEEZING, from Sax. nieran, (G.)Niesen,
(probably an example of onomatopa'ia,) Olonns
Sternntn'tio, Slerniita'tio, Slerniitamen'tiim, Ster-
numen'tnm, Ptarmos, (Sc.) Neesiny, (F.) Eternue-
nient. A convulsive motion of the expiratory
muscles, by which the air is driven rajiidly, and
rushes sonorously, through the nasal fcis.'-aj, car-
rying with it the mucus and foreign bodies which
a<lhere to the pituitary membrane, and have occa-
sioned the movement.
SNEEZEWORT, Achillea ptarmica, Helenium
autumnale.
SNIRRELS, Nares.
SNOB, Nasal mucus.
SNORING, S,io,-e. (Sax.) mora, Bhenchns,
Reach IIS, Jihenxis, Ronchiis, Jihonclnis, Slertor,
(Se.) liowtiny (probably a case of onomatopoeia),
(F.) Ronflemcnt. Noise made in the posterior
part of the mouth and nasal f?>ss8e during the
movements of inspiration, particularly in sleep,
both when the person is in health, and in disease,
as in apoplexy. In certain affections of the
chest — in some cases of jiulmonary catarrh — a
kind of snoring may be distinctly heard by ap-
plying the ear or the stethoscope to the chest.
SNOT. Nasal mucus.
SNOTH, Nasal mucus.
SNOUT, Nasus.
SNOW, Sax. rnaj', Nix, Chinn, (F.) Neiiie.
AVater in a solid state, which falls from the at-
mosphere in white flakes. It is used externally
as a tonic and discutient.
SNOWBALL. Cephalanthus oecidentalis.
SNOWBERRY'', Symphoricarpus racemosus.
SNOAVDROP TREE, Chionanthus Virginica.
SNOW-BLINDNESS, Blindness produced by
the reflection of the solar light from snow. Asa
preventive, Snoio Eyes arc used by the Esqui-
maux. These are made of extremely light wood,
with a bridge resting on the nose like spectacles,
and a narrow slit for the passage of the light.
SNOW EYES, see Snow Blindne.«s.
SNUFF, CEPHALIC, Pulvis asari composi-
tus.
SNUFFLES, Teut. Snuffeln (probably an
example of onomato])ceia), (/rore'r/o neonalo'mm,
Rhinan'gia, Jihinanch'one. Breathing hard
through the nose, often owing to accumulation
of the mucous secretions, — an affection to which
SNURLE
845
SODA
infunts are liable, and which is relieved by oiling
the interior of the nostrils.
SNURLK, Coryza.
SNUKLES, Nares.
SOAF, Sapo — s. Acid, see Sapo.
Soap Berkies, Sapindus saponaria.
SoAi", Black, see Sapo — s. Castile, Sapo durus.
Soap of thk Cocoa-nut Oil, see Sapo.
Soap, Common ok Soft, see Sapo — s. Liquid,
gee Sapo — 8. Medicinal, see Sapo — s. Spanish,
Sapo durus — s. Yellow, see Sapo.
SOAPWORT, Saponaria.
SOB, from Sax. reopian, 'to grieve,' (probably
an example of onomatopoeia); (F.) Sanylut. A
spasmodic, sudden, and momentary contraction
of the diaphragm, immediately followed by re-
laxation, by which the little air, that the con-
traction has caused to enter the chest, is driven
out with noise. It is an evidence of corporeal or
mental suffering.
S015BY, Corpulent.
SOBOLES, Epigone.
SOBKIETAS. Temperance.
SOCIA PAIIOTIDIS, see Parotid.
SOCI'ETY, Soci'eUxH, (P.) Societe, from nodus,
'a companion.' An association for the promotion
of some common obje<;t.
SociETiKS, Mkdical. Associations of medical
gentlemen for the promotion of science have been
numerous, and productive of valuable results.
In the United States, societies exist in many of
the States, possessing the power of examining
into the qualifications of every one who may be
desirous of practising within their particular ju-
risdiction. In some of the Slates, liowever, tlie
qualified and unqualified are permitted to exer-
cise their profession with equal privileges and
immunities.
Amongst the medical associations that have
issued from time to time useful transactions or
publications, are the following : In Amkrioa, —
The Maisachuselts jifedical Society ; the Phy-
sico-mcdifd/, and lledicul Societies of the State
of New York; the CoUeijc of Physicicus of Phi-
Indilphiii, and l\\e Ameriean Med ic<d Association.
In Euuoph, — The Association of Fellows and
Lieentiaiea of the Kiiufs and Queen's College of
Physicians of Ireland; the 3fedico-Chirnr(/ical
and Phrenolof/ical Societies of Eilinhnrtjh : the
C(dleije of Physicians, the Medieo-CIiiniryieal
the Medical and the Sydenhatn Societies of Lon-
don ; the Associated Apothecaries and Surgeon
Apothecaries of England and Wales, and the Pro-
vincial Medical and Surgical Association ; the
llnyal Academy of Surgery, the Royal Society of
Medicine, the Societe Mfdicale d' Emulation, the
SociHi de Medecine, the Royal Academy of Medi-
cine, the Societe itfedicale d' Observation, and the
Si>ci4t6 de Biologic, of Paris ; the Jfedico-Chlrur-
gical Academy of Vienjid ; the Medical Societies
of Berlin and Copenhagen, &C., &C. Is AsiA, —
The Medical and Physical Society of Calcutta.
Valuable medical essays are likewise contained
in the published Transactions of the American
Philosophical Society; the Royal Societies of
London, fJdinhurgh, Gottingen, &c. ; the Imperial
Academy of Sciences of Paris ; the Imperi<d So-
ciety of Sciences of St. Petersburg and Vienna;
the Royal Academy of Sciences of Turin ; the
Academia Imperialia Lcopoldina Natures Citrio-
snrum, &c.
SOCORDIA, Ilallueination.
SODA. An Arabic word. Profor'ide of so-
dium, (F.) Sonde, is obtained by adding caustic 1
lime to a solution of carbonate of soda. The soda i
in solution may be obtained by evaporation as
liydrateof soda. Its action is like that of potassa;
but it is not officinal.
Soda impu'ra, BariVla, Barig'lia, Daril'lor,
Soda nispan'lca, Ana'tron, Natron, Ana'ton,
Nitrum Antiquo'rum, Kelp, Aphroui'trnm, Sal
alkali'nus fi.rns fos'siUs, Car'bonas Soda im'pu-
rus, Subcar'bonas SodcB ivipu'ra, Anachron. The
v\ineral alkali is obtained from several sources;
— naturally, in Egypt: artificially, from the in-
cineration of marine plants: and from the de-
composition of sulphate of soda, Ac. It is prin-
cipally, however, derived from plants growing on
the sea-coast ; — as the Salso'la suti'ra, S. soda,
S. tragus, Salicor'nia herba'cea, Salicorniu Arab'-
ica, &c. The Barilla ashes are from the ashca
of the Salicor'nia Europce'a : the Kelp, Sonde de
Vareeq, from the Fueus vesiculo'sus and other
varieties ;— the Turkey Barilla, Roquette, Cendre
du Levant, Rochet'ta Alexandri'na, from the Me-
sembryan'thenium Cojj'ticum ; — the Al'icant Ba-
rilla,Soda Alicanti'na seu Alonen'sis, from the Me-
sembryan'themum nodijlo'rum ; — and the Cartha-
ge'ua Barilla, from the Salicor'nia and Salso'la,
Impure subcarbonate of soda, (F.) Sonde da
commerce, consists of subcarbonate of soda, pot-
ash, chloride of sodium, clay and other earthy
substances. It is chiefly used for preparing the
pure subcarbonate.
Soda, Cardialgia, Cephalalgia, Pyrosis.
Soda Aceta'ta, Soda Ace'tas, Ac"etnte of
Soda, Terra folia'ta minera'lis, (F.) Acetate de
sonde. This salt is used in similar cases with the
acetate of potass.
Soda Akiiata, Sodaj carbonas — s. Alonensis,
Soda — s. Biborate of. Borax — s. Bicarbonate of.
Soda? carbonas — s. Bilate of, Picromel — s. Borate
of. Borax — s. Boraxata, Borax.
Soda, Caii'donate of, Sodm Car'bonas seu
Bicar'bonns, Carbonas Na'tricum, Soda Aera'ta,
Bicar'bonate of Soda, Carbonate of protox' ide of
Sodium, (F.) Carbonate de Sonde, S. efferveseente
ou aeree ou erayeuse. (Soda subcarb. tbj, aqua;
destill. Oiij. Dissolve the subcarbonate of soda,
and pass carbonic acid through the solution: set
it asi<le to crystallize.) Its use is the same as tho
subcarbonate, than which it is less caustic, and
better adapted for effervescing draughts.
Soda Caii'stica, Prolox'ide of So'dium, Caus-
tic Soda, (F.) Sonde canstiqne, S. a la Chaux,
Sonde pure. The impure subcarbonate, treated
b^' quicklime, and consequently deprived of iti»
carbonic acid. It mnj' be used as a caustic like
the Potassa fusa, and is even preferable to it, as
it does not deliquesce and run
SoRA, ClILOliinK OF, S. Chlorina'ta, Soda Chlo'-
ridnm seu Chtorure'tiim, Chlo'riuated Soda, Na-
irum Oxymnriat'ieum, O-rymu'riate of Soda, (F.)
Chlorure de Sonde, Chlornre d'oxide de Sodium.
This salt is used as a disinfecting agent; both to
remove offensive smells in chambers, and to al-
ter the condition of fetid ulcers. See Liquor Soda?
Chlorinativ.
Soda, Chlorinated, Soda, chloride of — s. His-
panica. Soda — s. Hydrochlorate of, Soda, mu-
riate of
Soda, Hyposi'i.ph'ite of. Soda hyposnlph'is,
(F.) Hyposulfte de Sonde. This salt has been
lately extolled in chronic cutaneous, and scrofu-
lous affections. It is given in syrup.
Soda, Lithate of. Urate of soda — s. Mcphite
of, Soda, subcarbonate of.
Soda, Mu'riate of, S. mnria''a seu muriat'ico,
Al'kali minera'le sall'num. Soda innrlas, S<(1
eom/nit'nis seu culiua'ris seu fon'tium seu gemmae
seu mari'nus seu albns seu fos'silia seu In'cidnm,
Mu'ria, Natron mnria'tum, Natrum muriat'icnm,
Hydroehlo'rinas Na'tricus, Chlorure'tum So'dii,
So'dii Chlo'ridtim, Common salt. Sen salt. Rock
salt, Bay salt, White salt. Quail richlo'rnret of So-
dium, Hi/droehlo'rate of protox' ide of Sodium,
Hydroch'lo'rate of Soda. Chloride of Sodium. (F.)
Chlorure de Sodium, Sel niari)i, Scl de Cuisine. ■
SODA
846
SOLANOID
In an impure state, thi.s salt is one of the most
a'liHiuliint oF natural produi'tions. It is soluble in
3 parts of water, and is tonie, purgative, and an-
tiii-luiintic. Externally, stimulant. It is a well-
known and useful culinary substance. It has
been greatly recominended as au antiperiodic in
the dose of ^ss or ^i.
SoD.v, Nitrate of, Sodas Nitras, Natron seu
Natnim iti'tricitm, Nilras iiu'triciis, Al'kali miiie-
rii'le in'tr(('tii)», Nitrum Rhomhoido'le seu cn'bi-
euiii, A'itras N^atficuin, Salpe'tra, Nit rate of pro-
to.i-'ide of So'dium, Protoiii'trate of Sodium, Cubic
Xitre. Its virtues are similar to those of the ni-
trate of potass, for which it has been substituted.
Soda, Oxymuriate of, Soda, chloride of.
Soda, Phosphate of, S. Phosphora'tn, Sodm
phos'phas, Phosphas Na'triciDii, Natruni Ouphos-
phoro'den, Sdl mirah'ile 2>erla'tiini, Alkali iiiiiie-
1-a'le phosphora'tum, Subjihosphate of protox'ide
of Sodium, Subp)otopho8phate of Sodium, Snb-
phos'phate of Soda, Tiiba'sic phonphate of Soda,
Tasteless purying salt, (¥.) Phosphate de Soude,
Sel admirable perle. (Bone burnt to whiteness
and powdered, tbx; Sulphuric acid, Xbvj; Car-
bonate of soda, q. s. M^x the bone with the
acid in a covered vessel, add a gallon of water,
and stir. Digest for three days, occasionally
adding a little water to that lost by evaporation,
and frequently stirring the mi.xture. Pour in
now a gallon of boiling water, and strain through
linen, gradually adding more boiling water, until
the liquor passes nearly tasteless. Set the strained
liquor by, that the dregs may subside ; from which
pour off the clear solution, and boil down to a gal-
lon. To this solution, poured off from the dregs
and heated in an iron vessel, add by degrees the
carbonate of soda previously dissolved in hot
■water, until effervescence ceases, and the phos-
))horic acid is completely neutralized ; then filter
the liquor, and set it aside to crystallize. Having
removed the crystals, add, if necessary, a small
quantity of carbonate of soda to the liquor, so as
to render it slightly alkaline; then alternately
evaporate and crystallize so long .as crystals are
produced. Lastly, preserve the crystals in a well
stopped bottle. — Ph. U. S.) Cathartic, in the dose
of from ^ss to ,^j.
Soda, Phosi-hate of, tribasic, S. Phosphate
of — s. Powders, see Powders, Soda — s. Springs,
see Water, Mineral (gaseous).
Soda, Subcakb'onate of, Sodm Subcarbonas,
S. Carbonas (Ph. U. S.), Natron preeparn'tuin,
S'll SodcB, S. al'kali, Flos Sails, Sai/i'men Vitri,
Salt of Soda or of Barilla, Subcnrbonate of pro-
tox'ide of Sodium, Mephite of Soda, (F.) Sous-
carbonate de Soude. The impure carbonate, dis-
solved in water; the solution filtered and crys-
tallized. Soluble in two parts of water at 60°.
It is much used as an antacid ; and also as a deob-
struent in scrofulous and other affections. Dose,
gr. X to ]5ss.
The dried Suhcar'bonate of Soda, SodoR Sub-
car'bonas exsicca'tn, Sodm carbonas exsicca'tus,
(Ph. U. S.) Carbonas Sodm sicca'tum, (F.) Sous-
carbonate de Soude desseche, is employed as an
antacid and litliontriptic. Dose, gr. x to xv.
Soda, Subpho.sphate of, S. phosphate of.
Soda, Sulphate of. Soda Sulphas, Natron
litriola'tum, Sal cathar'ticus seu mirab'ilia Glau-
b>''ri, Al'cali mineru'le sulphu'ricum, Natrum sul-
jihu'ricum, Soda vitriola'ta. Sulphas na'tricus,
Ape'rient Stdt of Frederick, Glauber's Salts, (F.)
Sulfate de Soude. Obtained from the salt that
remains after the distillation of muriatic acid;
the superabundant acid being saturated with sub-
cnrbonate of soda. It is soluble in three parts
of water at tiO° ; is purgative, and, in small doses,
diuretic. Dose, ^vj to ,^x.
The Li/niinfjtoH Glauber's Salts is a Suljihate
of Jfagnesia and Soda, and is obtained from tho
mother liquor of sea-water, or by dissolving Ep-
som salt in a solution of Glauber's salt.
Soda, Takthate of. Tartrate of potass and
Soda, Tar'tarised Soda, lUichelle or Sciynetle'a
S<ilt, Soda Tartariza'ta, Sal Itupellen'sis seu I'o-
li/chres'tum Seifjnet'ti seu Sciynetti, Natron larta-
riza'tum, Tartris potas'i-m et Sodm, Sodm et I'u-
tas'sm Tartras (Ph. U. S.), Sodm polassiotar-
tras, Tartras Potas'sm et Sodm,{F.) Tartrate de jto-
tasee et de Soude. {Sodm carb. %i; jnitass. bilurt.
in pulv. ^xvj, Aq. bullient. Ov. Dissolve the
carbonate in water; and add, gradually, tho
bitartrate. Filter the solution and crystallize. —
Ph. U. S.) It is a gentle cathartic. Dose, Jss
to .^j.
Soda, Urate of. Urate of Soda — s. Vitrio-
lata, S. sulphate of.
Soda AVater, Acidulous water, simple.
Soda and Silver, Hyposulphite of, Sodse
et Argenti Hyposulphis.
SoDv*; AcKTAS. Soda, acetate of — s. Arsenias,
Arseniate of soda — s. Biboras, Borax — s. Bicar-
bonas, Soda, carbonate of — s. Boras, Borax — s.
Boras alcaleseens. Borax — s. Boras supersaturus,
Borax — s. Carbonas, Soda — s. Carbonas, Soda,
subcarbonate of — s. Carbonas cxsiccalus, see
Soda, subcarbonate of — s. Carbonas inipurus,
Soda — s. Chloras, Soda, chlorate of — s. Hypo-
sulphis, Hyposulphite of soda — s. Murias, Soda,
muriate of — s. Nitras, Soda, nitrate of — s. Phos-
phas, Soda, phosphate of — s. et Potassae tartras,
Soda, tartrate of — s. Potassio-tartras, Soda, tar-
trate of — s. Subboras, Borax — s. Subcarbonas
impura. Soda.
SODJE ET ArGEn'tI IIyPOSULPH'iS, Hyposuljih'-
ite of soda and silrer, (F.) Ili/posulphile de
Soude et d' Argent. This salt is formed by pouring
a solution of hyjwsulphite of sada over oxide of
silver recently precipitated by potassa, until the
oxide is entirely dissolved. Crystals are affordod
by evaporation. A solution of it is used in tho
same cases as one of the nitrate of silver.
SODII AURO-TEBCHLORIDUM. see Gold
— s. Chloridum, Soda, muriate of — s. Chlorure-
tura. Soda, muriate of.
So'dii Iod'idum, I'odide of so'dium. This salt
has been prescribed in the same cases as the
iodide of potassium.
SO'DIUM, Na'trium, Natro'nium. The metal-
lic basis of soda.
Sodium, Carbonate of Protoxide of, Sodao
carbonas — s. Chloride of. Soda, muriate of — ».
Chlorure de. Soda, muriate of — s. Chlorure d' Ox-
ide de. Soda, chloride of — s. Protonitrate of.
Soda, nitrate of — s. Protoxide of. Soda — s. Pro-
toxide of, hydrochlorate of, Soda, muriate of — s.
Protoxide of, nitrate of. Soda, nitrate of — s. Pro-
toxide of, phosphate of. Soda, phosphate of — s.
Protoxide of, subcarbonate of. Soda, subcarbonate
of — s. Quadri-chloruret of. Soda, muriate of —
s. Subborate of protoxide of, Borax — s. Subproto-
borate of. Borax — s. Subprotophosphate of, Soda,
phosphate of.
SODOMA GALLORUM, Syphilis.
SODOMIA, Buggery.
SODOMY, Buggery".
SOFTENING, Mollities.
SOr-POUR-SOr, Homoeozygy.
SOIE, Sericum.
SOIF, Thirst — s. Excessive, Polydipsia.
SOL, Gold.
SOL-LUNAR, Sol-hmn'ris ; from sol, 'the
sun,' and luna, 'the moon.' An epithet applied
to a fancied influence exerted by the sun and
moon on man in .a state of health and disease.
SOLAMEN INTESTINORUM, Pimpinella
anisura — s. Seabiosoruin. Furaaria.
SOL'ANOID; Solandi'des; a hybrid word, from
SOLANUM
847
SOLIDAGO
Kolnniim, 'the potato,' and eiSo;, 'resemhlance.'
llestMubling a potato ; potato-like. An epithet
iipplied to a form of cancer, which appears to be
interuicUiate between scirrhus and enccphaloid,
increasing more rapidly than the former, yet ap-
proaching it in firmness.
SOLA'NUM, S. nitjrum seu vulgn're ?eu vufga'-
lum, C'ummon or Gulden NlyhtHhinle, (F.) iloidle
a fruit uoir. Family, Solanaceae. Sex. Syit.
Pentandria Monogynia. A narcotic poison. The
Ihnle de Moielle is made, by macerating in oil,
for several days, the leaves and fruit of this plant.
The oil is anodyne and discutient.
SoLANUM Carolinkn'sk, Horae nettle] indi-
genous. The juice of the berries has been em-
ployed successfully in idiopathic tetanus. [?]
SoLANlUf Dulcama'ra, -S'. scandenn seu llrjiio'-
ei(7ii, Diitenmnia, D.jle.riio'sa, G/i/cijii'cros, Ama'-
ra diilcis, XTpv)(^i'Oi of Theophrastus, Dittemweet,
WiKidij Ni<jlitiihade, Bilternwect Niijhtshade, Bit-
temweet Vine, Nightshade Vine, Violet bloom,
(F.) Dotice-iimire, Aforelle grimpante, Vigne de
,/iiilee. The taste of the stalks is bitter, followed
by sweetness ; hence its name. It has been used
in many diseases, as a diuretic and sudorific,
especially in chronic rheumatism, humoral asth-
ma, dropsy, various skin diseases, scrofula, and
jaundice. Dose, in powder, Qj to ,^j.
Soi-a.num Escni.ENTUM, S. tuberosum — s. Foe-
tidum. Datura stramonium — s. Furiosuin, Atropa
belladonna — s. Ilortense nigrum, Atropa bella-
donna— s. Humboldtii, S. Lycopersicum — s. Le-
thale, Atropa belladonna — s. Lignosum, S. dul-
camara.
SoLANUM Lycoper'sicum; Lyeoper'eicon eacii-
Icnt'iim, L. pomiini amo'rig seu Humbold'tii seu
jiHeiidolycoper'sicum, 3Ialuni iycoper'sicum, Love-
(ipple plant. The fruit of this, called Toma'ta,
Toma'to or Love-apple, (F.) Pomme d'Amour, is
much eaten in the United States ; and, with the
French, Spaniards, Portuguese, &c., forms an es-
teemed sauce.
Soi-ANUM Magnum Virginiandm Rubrum, Phy-
tolacca decandra — s. Maniacum, Atropa bella-
donna. Datura stramonium — s. Melanoeerasus,
Atropa belladonna.
Solanum Mklon'gkna, Ifelongena, Egg-plant,
Mud Apple plant ; (F.) Aubergine. A native of
Asia, Africa, and America. Its oblong, egg-
shaped fruit, Ponum Melon'gence, Malum insa'num,
is prepared in soups and sauces in those coun-
tries, like the tomata.
Solanum Nigrum, Solanura.
SoLANUM Niv'eum. A South African plant,
the leaves of which, applied to foul ulcers, cleanse
them. The fresh juice of the berries and leaves,
made into an ointment with lard or fat, is used
by the farmers for tlie same purpose.
Solanum Parmenterii, S. tuberosum — s.
Pseudolycopcrsicum, S. Lycopersicum — s. Qua-
drifolium, Paris — s. Kacemosum Americanum,
Phytolacca decandra.
Soi.ANUM Sanctum; Pal'cstinc Nightshade.
The fruit of this is globular, and is much eaten
in the countries where it is a native.
Solanum Scandkns, S. Dulcamara.
Solanum Tubkro'sum, ^. cseulen'tnm seu Par-
niente'rii, Lyeoper'sicum tuhero'sum. Papas Anie-
rica'nuH, Pappus Annrica'nus, America'num Tu-
hero'sum, Batla'ta Virginia' na, fiata'tas ; the
Pola'to, (F.) Pomme de Terrc. A native of Peru.
.K nutritious and wholesome vegetable: one of
the most useful, indeed, that exists. One hun-
<ired pounds of potatoes afford ten pounds of
.'tarch, which is equal to arrow-root, as a nutrient
and demulcent. It is called Potato Flour, P.
Stureh, French Sago, Petit Saguc, Common Arrotc-
root, Ac.
Solanum Urens, Capsicum annuum — t. Vesi-
carium, Physalis.
Solanum Viuginia'num ; indigenous ; is said
to resemble Solanum nigrum in its properties.
Solanum Vulgare, Solanum.
SOLAK, Stda'ris, from sol, aulis, 'the Eun.
Relating to the sun ; having rays like the sun.
Solar Plexus, Plexus sola'ris, Centrum com-
mu'ne, Cer'ebrum abdoiniua'le. A collection of
ganglions and filaments, interweaving and anas-
tomosing with each other repeatedly, and belong-
ing to the system of the great sympathetic. This
vast ple.xus, lying on the vertebral column, the
aorta, and the pillars of the diaphragm, has a
very irregular shape. The ganglions and fila-
ments composing it are soft, reddish, and almo.-^t
all issue from the semilunar ganglions. It re-
ceives, also, branches from the pneumogastrics.
It seems to be chiefly intended for the aorta, and
accompanies all its branches; furnishing many
secondary plexuses, which are called the infra-
diaj>hragmritic, coeliac, superior mesenteric, in-
ferior mesenteric, renal or einulgent, ep>erniutic,
<&c.
SOLDANELLA, Convolvulus soldanella.
SOLDIER'S WEED, Matico.
SOLE, Solum, S. pedis, Sulea, Basis cor'pnris,
Ichnus, Superfic"ies plantu'ris pedis, Peti'na,
Vestig"ium, Pe'dion, Peza, Pelmu, Planta'ria
superficies pedis, Fa'ciea conca'va seu infe'rior
seu Planum seu Concavnm seu Pars inferior seu
Planit"ies seu Planta seu V<ila pedis, (F.) Planle
du Pied. The sole of the foot; the under sur-
face of the foot.
SOLEA, Sole — s. Ipecacuanha, see Ipecacu-
anha.
SOLEATRE, Soleus.
SOLEN, Cradle, sec Vertebral column.
SOLENA'RIUjM, from a<ji\r)v, ' a canal, a pipe.'
An instrument of surgery, representing a kind of
gutter, in the cavity of which the penis was
placed, like a limb in a cradle. The word Solen
itself — awXriv, Cana'lis — was used, in antiquity,
for a grooved channel or cradle, in which a frac-
tured limb was placed.
SOLENOSTEMMA ARGEL, Cynanchum
oleajfolium.
SOLE' US, Gastrocne'mius inter'nus, Tibiocal-
canien, (Ch. ;) (P.) Soleaire, from solea, 'a solo
of a shoe,' owing to its shape. A muscle situate
at the posterior part of the leg. It is broad, fiat,
and almost oval; and is attached, above, to the
posterior edge of the fibula, to the oblique line on
the posterior surface, and to the inner edge of the
tibia. It terminates, below, by a large tendon,
which unites to that of the gastrocnemius ex-
ternus, to form the tendo Achillis. This muscle
extends the foot on the leg. and conversely.
SOLID, S'll'idus, Ste'reos, from solum, 'the
ground.' A body whose integrant molecules are
so united by the force of cohesion, that they will
not separate by their own weight. The solids, in
the human body, are the bones, cartilages, ten-
dons, muscles, ligaments, arteries, veins, nerves,
membranes, skin, <fec. The anatomy, or rather
study of the solids, is called Stereol'ogy, from
(TT£/)£us, 'solid,' and Aoyoj, 'a discourse.'
SOLIDA'GO, from solido, 'I make firm,' in
allusion to its properties as a vulnerary. See
Solidago vigaurea.
SoLiDAGo Saracenica, S. virgaurea.
Souda'go Rig"idA, Rigid Goldenrod, Bones'
styptic; indigenous; of the Composite family,
flowering in August and September; is astringent
and tonic.
Solida'go Yirgau'rea, .S*. vulga'ris seu Sara-
cen'ica, Virga aurea, Herha do'rea, Cony'zn coma
auren, Sym'phytnm Petra'um, Eli'chrysum, Con-
sol'ida, Saraceii'ica, Golden rod, {¥.) Verge
SOLIDISM
848
SOLVENT
d'or, Herbe de» jiii/s. The leaves of Solida'yo
odu'ra — Soi.ida'go (Ph. U. S.) — Frnyrant or
Stceet-freiitfd Golden- rod — and the flowers have
been recoinniended as aperients and tonics, in
nrinarj diseases, and in internal hemorrhage.
t^ui.iOAGo Vulgaris, S. virgaurea.
SOL'IDISM, Putholor/'in HoUdu'ris. The doc-
trine of those physicians who refer all diseases to
alterations of the solid parts of the body. To the
believers in this doctrine, the appellntion Sol'id-
iats has been given. The solidists think that the
solids alone are endowed with vital properties;
that they alone can receive the impression of
inorbiCc agents, and be the seat of pathological
phenomena. Solidism has been the prevalent
doctrine. It is scarcely necessary to say, that in
all our investigations, the condition of both solids
and fluids must be regarded.
SOLIUM, liahjiwire, T.'enia solium.
SOLUBIL'ITY, Sohihil'Ifna, from solvere, sn-
luluiii, 'to dissolve.' That j)roperty of a body by
virtue of which it can be dissolved in a men-
struum.
TABLE OF THE SOLUBILITY OF SOME SUBSTANCES
IN WATER.
NAMES OF SALTS.
Acids.
Benzoic
Citric...'
Oxalic
Tartaric
Salts.
Acetate of Pota.ssa
Soda
Bitartrate of Potassa
Borate of Soda
Carbonate of Ammonia
Magnesia
Potassa
Soda
Chlorate of Potassa
Soda
Chloride of Calcium
Magnesium.
Potassium...
Sodium
Muriate of Ammonia...,
Nitrate pf Potassa
Soda
Pliospliate of Soda
Sulphate of Ammonia...
Copper
Iron,
Majjnefiia
Potassa
Soda
Supersulphate of Potassa
Tartrate of Potassa
Potassa and Soda...
Antimony & Soda...
SoluMitij in 100
parts water.
0-208
133
50
very soluble
100
35
1-5
50
2
25
60
6
35
200
100
33
35-42
33
14-25
33
25
50
25
50
100
6-25
37
5-0
25
20
6-6
4-17
200
luo
3-3
lb-8
36-16
100
100
100
50
100
50
lUO
133
•20
125
100
SOLUM, Sole— s. Pedis, Metatarsus, Sole.
SOLUTE, Solution.
SOLUTIO, Solution — s. Alexiteria Gaubinna,
see Disinfection — s. Ammoniae subcarbonatis,
Liquor ammonite subcarbonatis — s. Arsenicalis,
Liquor arsenicalis — s. Arsenicata, Liquor arseni-
calis—s. Arsenitis kalicse. Liquor arsenicalis — s.
C'alcis, Liquor calcis — s. Camphorae setherea,
Tinctura atherea camphorata — s. Camphorfe
oleosa, Linimentum camphor;© — s. Continui, So-
lution of continuity — s. Cupri ammoniati, Liquor
Cupri ammoniati — s. Ferri nitratis, Liquor Ferri
iiitnitis — s. (luaiaci gummosa, Mistura guaiaci — s.
Muriatis barytae, Baryta, muriate of — s. Muriatis
ralcis. see Calcis raurias — s. ^Muriatis ferrici asthe-
rea, Tinctura sea alcohol sulfurico-rethereus ferri
— s. Muriatis hydrargyri oxygenati. Liquor hy-
drargyri o.xymurintis — s. Potassii iodidi iodureta,
Liquor iodiui compositus — s. Resinae guaiaci
aquosa, Mistura guniaci — 8. Solventis Minernlifi,
Liquor Arsenici ehloridi — s. Subciirbouatis am-
moniiici spirituosa, Spiritus nmmuniw.
SoLUTio Sulpiia'tis Cuimu Compos'ita, Agiia
vitridl' tea cwni'len, Si/deiihiini's Sti/ptie II <(^<)-,
(Siiljili. ciij>ri, 3''j> atiiiii., acid, uutjtii., aa Z\],
a(jiice, ,^viij : dissolve, and filter.) A styptic, and,
largely diluted, an astringent eollyriuui.
SOLU'TION, Soln'tio, LyuiH, {1\) Uiisnlvtinu,
from solvere, holiitinii, ' to dissolve.' ' An operation
which consists in dissolving a solid body in a men-
struum. Likewise, the product of such operation
— jS'olii'liim, (F.) Solute. It means, also, with
many, the termination of a disease : — with others,
a termination accompanied by critical signs; —
and, with others, again, it is synonymous with
crisis.
Solution of Acetate of Ammonia, Liquor
ammoniaB acetatis — s. of Acetate of morphia,
Liquor morphiae acetatis — s. Alkaline, sec Full,
gokali — s. of Alkaline iron. Liquor ferri alkalini
— s. of Alum, compound, Liquor aluminis com-
positus— s. of subcarbonate of Ammonia, Liquor
ammoniac subcarbonatis — s. of Ammoniated co]).
per, Liquor cupri ammoniati — s. Arsenical, Liquor
arsenicalis — s. Arsenical, De Valangin's, Liquor
Arsenici ehloridi — s. of Carbonate of Soda, Liquor
sodae carbonatis — s. of Charcoal, concentrated,
see Tinctura catechu — s. of Chlorinated soda,
Liquor soda' chlorinatee — s. of Chloride of Arse-
nic, Liquor Arsenici ehloridi — s. of Chloride of
Zinc, see Burnett's disinfecting liquid — s. of Ci-
trate of Ammonia, Liquor ammoniae citratis — s,
of Citrate of Magnesia, see Magnesiae citras — s.
of Citrate of Potassa, Liquor potassae citratis — s.
of Continuity, see Continuity — s. of Corrosive
sublimate. Liquor hydrargyri oxymuriatis — s.
De Valangin's, Liquor arsenici ehloridi — s. Don-
ovan's, see Arsenic and Mercury, Iodide of — s.
Fowler's, Liquor arsenicalis — s. Gannal's, see
Aluminae sulphas — s. of Gutta percha in Chlo-
roform, see Gutta percha — s. Heinecke's, see Ar-
seniate of Soda.
Solution, Goadby's. called after the proposer,
is made of bay salt, corrosive sublimate or arse-
nious acid, and water. It is employed to pre-
serve animal substances.
Solution op IIydriodate of Potass, Liquor
potassae hydriodatis — s. of Iodide of iron, Lnjuor
ferri iodidi — s. of Iodine, compound. Liquor io-
dinii compositus — s. of Iron, nitrated. Liquor
ferri nitratis — s. Labarraque's, Eau de jiinlte —
s. of Lime, Liquor calcis — s. Lugol's, Liquor
iodinii compositus — s. of Magnesia, condeiisfed,
Magnesia, fluid — s. of Monro, Liquor of Monro
— s. of Nitrate of iron, Liquor ferri nitratis — s.
of O.xymuriate of mercury, Li(]uor hydrargyri
oxymuriatis — «. Par les hiiiles, Olea niedicinalia
— s. Pearson's, see Arseniate of soda — s. Plenck'.«.
see Hydrargyri oxydusn cinereum — ». tie I'otasse,
Liquor potassae — s. of Potassa, Liquor potassa?
— s. of Sesquinitrate of iron. Liquor ferri nitratis
— s. of Soda, Liquor sodae — a. of Subacetnte of
lead, Liquor plumbi subacetatis — s. of Subacetnte
of lead, diluted. Liquor plumbi subacetatis dilu-
tus — s. of Subcarbonate of potass. Liquor potas-
sae subcarbonatis — s. of Sulphate of morphia, Li-
quor morphiae sulphatis — s. of Tartarized anti-
mony, Vinuin antimonii tartarizati — s. of Terni-
trate of sesquioxide of iron, Liijuor ferri nitratis
— s. of Van Swieten, Liquor hydrargyri cxymu-
riatis.
SOLUTIVUS, Laxative.
SOLUTUM, Solution.
SOLVENS, Solvent — s. Minerale, Liquor ar-
senicalis.
SOLVENT, Solveim, (F.) Fonda})!, from nolvere,
'to dissolve.' A medicine supposed to possess
the property of dissolving or removing obstruc-
SOMA
840
SOXDE
tions and extraneous substances. Thus we have
tolvciili of the stone in the bladder, Ac. See
Dissolventiii.
Soi.VKNT, MiNERAi,, Liquor arsenicalis.
SOMA, Body, Corpus.
SOM ASCETICS, Gymnastics.
SOMASUETIQ UE, Gymnastics.
SOMAT'IC, Si>m<tt'icua ; from auita, aiafiaroi,
'the body.' That which concerns the body; — as
soiiititic death, or death of the body, in contra-
distinction to molecular death or the death of a
part.
SOMATODYM'IA, from (rw^a, aianaros, 'the
body,' and (5ua), 'I enter into.' A double mon-
strosity in which the trunks are united. Of this,
there are several \ varieties : — Vertebroclyrii'iu,
where the union is by the vertebra; ; Jschiodym'ia,
by the ossa ischii ; Sternodym'in, by the sternum ;
tiupritoiiqihaloil 11 III' ia, (F.) Siia-onijjlialodymie, by
tlie su|ier-umbillcul regions ; Supra et itifrn-um-
phdliidijinin, by the superior and inferior um-
bilical regions; and Ster?to-(impIiii/tjdi/tii'i(t, where
the union is by both the sternal and the umbili-
cal regions. — Cruveilhicr.
SOMATOL'OGY, Somntoloifia, from aufxa,
owixiiTOi, 'the body,' and Aoyoj, 'a discourse.' A
treatise on the human body. Anatomy.
SOMATOTOMY, Anatomy.
SOMMEIL, Sleep.
SOMN AMBULATION, Somnambulism.
SOMNAM'BULISM, Sownnmlndu'tlo, Ilypnn.
bate'sis, Hi/])iiobiit<i'niii, Hi/piioha'tiit. I/ypiinhad'-
i«)C, Jihenilnis'mtia, Luiiatln'miiD, Ni/piioiieri/i'n,
Selenoga'iiiin, Nyctnbnte'sii, Aiitoiiyrtubn'tid, Se-
leiit'cmiH, Seleiilfin'iiiKH, Si'iiinanibidiK'miis, Nyc-
tob'am'n, Noctaiiibuln'tio, Nr>ctmiibiil!ii' niiiH, Nyc-
tobn'dia, Nyctoba'tia, Siph'ita, Syph'itn, Pnro-
ni'n'a am'bidans, Noctisur'giiim, Oiieirodyu'ia
acH'va, Cenonpti'dia, Sonnto-viyil, Sonninnibiila'-
tion, Slei'p-uudkitiy, from soiiniiis, 'sleep,' and
ambidnre, 'to walk.' A condition of the brain
which occasions the individual to execute, during
sleep, some of those actions that commonly take
place when awake. It has been imagined that the
somnambulist is guided solely by his subjective
sensations ; but there are many facts which induce
the belief that the external senses are not always
entirely suspended. The causes of somnambu-
lism are very obscure; and the principal indica-
tion of treatment is, — so to arrange the bed-
chamber of the somtiaiubulist, that he cannot get
out of it during sleep; and to avoid suppers, as
weTl as all bodily and mental excitement.
So^f^}AMIi^ILISJf, Magnkt'ic, Mksmeric, or Ar-
TIFlc"lAL, SiiiiiniDiibidin' mill iirtifivia'lis, Colaph'-
ora 7iiat/)U'l'(c(i, S(iitnilp'iitl\y, is that peculiar con-
dition, into which individuals are thrown by the
Animal Jfagiietizer. It occurs only in those of
weak nervous temperament; in hysterical fe-
males, &c.
SOMNAMBULISMUS, Somnambulism — s.
Artifieialis, Somnambulism, magnetic.
SO.MNAxM'BULIST, So7n>,„m'bu/,i», HybnoV-
ates, Hypiiob'ates, Noctam'bithis, Lunat'iciis, Noe-
tam'bulo, Somnam'biih). A sleep-walker.
SOMNAMBULIS'TIC. Relating or apper-
taining to somnambulism, — as the ' somnainbu-
lis'lic state.'
SOMNAMBULO, Somnambulist.
SOMNIA'TIO, from somnium, 'a dream.' The
act of dreaming.
SoMNiATio MoRBOSA, Oncironosus — s. in Statu
vigili. Hallucination.
SOMNIF'EROUS, Som'n</er,Snpor';fer, Hyp.
not'icun, Jfypnopiv'un, Sopiirati'vns, Supnyi/'ic,
Sopnri'/'croiis, (F.) Annouplssant ; an epithet for
a medicine which causes sleep, from aommis,
'sleep,' and/t)o, 'I carry.'
6-1
SOMXIL'OQUIST; same etymon as the next.
One who talks in his sleep.
iiOM^lhO'Q.VlVSl, Somniloquis'mus, SnmniV.
oqiiism, from somniiK, 'sleep,' and loqnor, '1
speak.' Talking in the sleep.
SOMNOPATIIY, Somnambulism, magnetie.
SOM'NIUM, Eiiyp'iiioii, lusom'nium, a Dream,
(Sc.) Sweuhi, SiBeviiKj, Swevi/iiyiig, Siieuyncj, (F.)
Keve, Sinige. A confused assemblage, or acci-
dental and involuntary combination of ideas and
images, which present themselves to the mind
during sleep. Dr. S. Mitchell, of New York,
used the word Somnium to signify the state be-
tween sleei)ing and waking, in which persons
perform acts of which they are unconscious.
For 'waking dreams,' see Hallucination.
Those distressing dreams which occur during
a state of half sleep, are called, by the French,
Recnsneries.
SOMNO-VIGIL, Somnambulism.
SOM'NOLENCY, Somnoleu'tia, HypncBxthe'xii,
Hypno'din, Uiiriiiita'lio, Carus Lelhar'gns Cn-
tiiph'ora,Cnt(i]>hor(t,Coma Somnrilen'tum, C'uro'Kia,
Slumber, Heav'iucnH, (F.) Assonpisseiueiif ; from
somuus, 'sleep.' Sleepiness. Also a state inter-
mediate between sleeping and waking. It is often
a symptom of disease.
SOiMNUS, Sleep.
SOMPNUS, Sleep.
SON, Furfur, Sound.
SONCHUS, coy^o;, S. Ohra'cens, Hiera'cinm
olera'ceum, Cicer'bitu, Sow Thintle, Steine-tliinl/e,
(F.) Laiteron doux. Ord. Cichoraceas. Most of
the species of Sonclius abound with a milky juice,
which is very bitter, and said to possess diuretic
virtues.
SoscHus Floridanus, Mulgedium Florida-
num.
SONDE, Sound, Specillum — s. CauneUe, Di-
rector.
SONDE D'ANEL. A very fine stylet of sil-
ver, awl-shaped at one end. It is used for pro-
bing the lachrymal passages through the punc-
tuin lacrymale.
SONDE DE BELLOC. An instrument in-
vented by Belloc for plugging the nasal fossse,
in cases of hemorrhage. It consists of a curved
silver canula, open at both ends, and furnished
with a button. The instrument is passed through
the nares to the throat; and a plug is attached
to the button, so that, when the instrument is
drawn forwards through the nose, the posterior
nostril is stopped.
SONDE BlilSEE (F.), Eyed probe. A long,
straight stylet, composed of two parts, which may
be screwed to each other; blunt at one end, and
furnished at the other with an eye, so that it ma}'
be used either as a probe for punctured wounds,
or for a seton needle.
SONDE A t'ONDUCTEUR (¥.). A modifl-
cation of the ordinary catheter; — to facilitate the
changing of catheters, without the fear of making
false passages. It is a common catheter, ojien at
its beak. The Stylet or Jlaudrin is one half
longer than that of the ordinarj^ catheter. To
use the instrument, the stylet is pushed into the
cavity of the bladder through the catheter. The
latter is then withdrawn by slipping it over the
stylet, which is kept in its place, and serves as a
guide to a fresh catheter.
SONDE A BARD, see Lithotomy (high ope-
ration).
SONDE DE LAFOREST. A small, crooked
canula, used for probing the nasal duct from be-
low upwards, and for throwing injections into it.
SONDE ou PINCE DE HUNTER. A cy-
lindrical silver canula; of the size of a common
catheter; open at both extremities, and contain-
SOXDE DE VARECQ
850
SORREL
in;; a wire of iron, one of the ends of which i?
sjilit into two parts; each boing terininateil l>y a
yniall silver scoop, and separating from each other
l>y virtue of their elasticity, when pushed out of
the caiuila, and again approximating when drawn
in. It has been used for laying hold of small
calculi in the uretbra.
SOXDE DE VARECQ. Soda.
SONGE, Soinnium.
SOMTUS AURIUM, Tinnitus aurium — s.
I'luidi, Hygrechema — s. Hepaticus, Ilepateche-
ina — s. Intestinalis, Enterechema — s. Stoma-
chii-us, Gasterechema.
SOXOROUS RIIONCHUS, RCile aoiwre.
SOX US, Sound — s. Vocis, Accent.
SOOJA. see Dolichos.
SOOJIE, EASTER'S, a farinaceous article of
diet, is said to consi.st of wheat flour sweetened
with sugar.
SOOL, Gastroperiodynia.
SOOT, Fuligo — s. Tea, see Fuligokali — s.
Wart, Cancer, chimney-sweeper's.
SOPHIA, Sisymbrium sophia — s. Chirurgo-
ruin, Sisymbrium sophia.
SOPHISTICATION, Falsification.
SOPIIO'RA IIEPTAPIIYL'LA, Auticlwler'-
tVi. Ord. Leguminosae. Seot. Synt. Decandria
ilonogynia. The root and seeds of this shrub
are intensely bitter, and are said to have been
found useful in cholera, colic, dysentery, Ac.
SopnoRA Tincto'ria, Buplis'la sen Podah/r'ia
Tincto'n'a, Tudiynfern. Wild Indiyo, fndi/jo Weed,
Jlroom, Itidi'(/o Broom, HorHejlii Weed, Yellow
Jiroom, Clover Broom, Rattle BkkIi, Yellow Iiidii/o.
An American plant, the taste of whose root is
unpleasant, sub-acrid, and nauseous — very simi-
lar to that of ipecacuanha. In a large dose, the
hark of the root acts both as an emetic and ca-
thartic. It has been considered antiseptic and
febrifuge, and has been used, in the form of fo-
mentation or cataplasm, in phagedenic and gan-
grenous ulcers. A liniment, prepared by simmer-
ing the cortical part of the root in cream, has
been found an efficacious application to sore nip-
j)les and to ulcerated breasts.
Boptis'ia Leucitu' tha. Tall white fahe Indigo,
11 n indiirenous plant, has the same properties.
SOPHRONISTiE DENTES, see Dentition.
SOPHRONISTERES DENTES, see Denti-
tion.
SOPHROSYNE, Temperance.
SOPIENS, Paregoric.
SOPIO, Opium.
SOPOR. A profound sleep, from which the
person can be roused with difficulty. It is a
i-ymptom in many of the neuroses.
Sopor Caroticus, Carus.
SOPORARIiE ARTERIyE, Carotids.
SOPORATIVUS, Somniferous.
SOPORIFEROUS, Somniferous.
SOPORIFIC, Somniferous.
SO'POROUS, So'porus, (F.) Soporeux, from
»opr)c, 'sleep.' Sleepy: causing sleep.
SORA, Essera.
SORB TREE, Sorbus domestica.
SGRBASTRELLA, Pimpinella saxifraga.
SORBEFA'CIEXT, Sorbe/a'ciens, from sor-
here, ' to suck in,' and facere, ' to make.' A
remedy that promotes absorption.
The following are the chief sorbefacients or
inoilifiers of nutritive action — cutrophics : —
Acida Vegetabilia; Alkalia: Ammoniacum; Bro-
iiiinium ; Galbanum ; Hydrargyri Praeparata; lo-
(iinium; Liquor Calcii chloridi; Spongia usta;
Cciinpression, (methodical;) Friction; Mental
Snrheficients, (Imagination, Emotions.)
S0:RBETHUjM. Scherbet.
SORBETTUM, Scherbet.
SORBET UJil, Scherbet.
SORBIER DES OISELEURS, Sorbus aeu-
paria.
SORBITIO, Jus.
SoRBirio Carnis seu Ex Car.ne. Ihoth or
soup made of meat.
SORBITUM, Jus.
SORBUM, see Sorbus domestica.
SORBUS, Craticgus aria, S. domestica.
SoKDi:.s Acupa'ria seu Aucupa'iua, J/t«'^)i7»»,
M. acupa'ria, Mountain Service, Mountain Aih,
Quicken tree, Roan tree, Witchen, Witch hazel.
Witch wood, (Sc.) Roilcn tree. Roan tree. Rowan
tree. Rone, (Prov.) Kcer, Jlantree, (F.) Sorhicr
des Oiseleura, Freue laitvat/e. Ord. Rosacea;.
The berries — (Sc.) Rodens — of this tree are em-
ployed for .similar purposes as the last.
Sorbus Alpina, Craticgus aria.
Soiiniis America'na, Pi/run Americana, Ame-
rican Mountain A^h. The bark resembles that
of the Wild Cherry, and might be used in the
same cases.
Sorbus Aria, Crataegus aria — s. Aucuparia, S.
aeuparia — s. Cydonia, Pyrus cydonia.
Sorbus DoMES'tica, Sorbun, Pyrua domea'tica,
Mea'pilna domea'tica, Oie, Service or Sorb Tree,
(F.) Cormier. Family, Rosacese. Sex. Syat,
Icosandria Trigynia. The fruit of this tree, Sor-
bum, is astringent, and has been recommended in
diarrhoea and dysentery. It is given in the form
of rob. A kind of cider is made from it, and also
brandy.
Sorbus Malus, Pyrus malus.
SORDES, Rhypoa, 'Filth.' A dirty-looking
sanies, discharged from ulcers. Also, accumula-
tions of the secretions cf the mouth, on the teeth
in adynamic fevers more especially, and of foul
matters in the stomach — Sordea prima'ruin via'- ,
rum, Rlnjpa'ria. The French call an ulcer, ex
hibiting such an appearance, aordid. Also dir{
of any kind.
SoRDKS, Ichor, Saburra — s. Acidae, Aciditiei
— s. Aurium, Cerumen — s. Primarum viarnm
Emharraa gaatrique, see Sordes — s. Ventris, Ex,
creinent.
SORDICUL^ AURIUM, Cerumen.
SORE, Ulcer.
Sore, Bay. A disease which Mosely considers
to be a true cancer. It is endemic in the Bay
of Honduras.
Sore Mouth, Stomatitis — s. Gangrenous, Can-
cer aquaticus — s. Throat, Cynanche — s. Throat,
Clergyman's, Pharyngitis, follicular — s. Throat,
inflammatory, Cynanche tonsillaris — s. Throat,
putrid, Cynanche maligna — s. Throat, tuber-
cular. Pharyngitis, follicular — s. Throat, ulcerous,
Cynanche maligna.
SORENESS, Sax. ropp, 'vexed, molested.'
Parap'aia acria teneritu'do. Painful uneasiness
or tenderness, local or general, on being touched
with a pressure that does not usually excite dis-
tressing feeling. Often, a febrile symptom. Also,
the tenderness of a wound, ulcer, &,c.
SORGHUM, Panicum Italicum.
SOROCCO, Puna.
SOROCHE, Puna.
SORORIA'TIO, from sororea, 'sisters,' aoro-
rio, ' to grow up or swell together.' The period
at which the breasts of the female become deve-
loped. The act of becoming thus developed. A
young maiden, whose mammae begin to show,
— aororiantfa munniKB — was formerly called aoro-
rians virgo. — Plautus.
SORREL, COMMON, Rumex acetosus — s.
Field, Rumex acetosella — s. French, Rumex scu-
tatus — s. (Jarden, Rumex scutatus — s. Mountain,
Oxalis acetosella, Oxyria reniformis — s. Salt of.
Potass, oxalate of — s. Roman, Rumex scutatus —
s. Sheep, Rumex acetosella.
SOSTllUM
851
SPACE
SoiiRKL Trkb, Androraeilii arborea, A. raariana.
SoHiiKL, Welsh, Oxyriii rcniforinis — s. White,
Oxalis acctosiella — s. Wood, Yellow, Oxalis strieta.
SOSTllUM, /SVifrKWi ; from aw^civ, 'to save,'
aijirrip, 'a preserver.' A reward given to one who
g;ives the life of another. A physician's fee or
honorarium, (F.) ffunnrnire.
SOTERIA DOCTRINA, Medicina.
SOTRRLT; AQU^, Waters, mineral.
SOTIREL'LA. Ancient name of a medicine
composed of opium and other narcotics, nutmeg,
e'ljfruu, camphor and soot. It was used in cer-
tain diseases of the teeth.
SOTRUM, Sostrum.
SOirn/iESAffT, Subsultus tendinum.
SOUCHERLOON, Bit noben.
SOUCIIL'T DBS [NDES, Curcuma longa —
B. Odorant, Cyperus longus — s. liuiid, Cyperus
rotuntlus.
SOUCT, Calendula officinalis, Panophobia —
«. den Alpes, Arnica moiitana — «. dea Champs,
Ciilenilula arvensis — «. Ordinaire, Calendula offi-
cinalis.
SOUDE, Soda — s. Acetate de, Soda, acetate
of — ». Aer4, Sodae carbonas — «. Borate de, Bo-
rax— ». Borate sursature de, Borax — s. Carbonate
de, Sodae carbonas — 8. Caiistiqiie, Soda caustica
— s. d la Chaux, Soda caustica — s. Chlornre de,
Soda, chloride of — «. du Commerce, Soda — s.
Orayense, Sodae carbonas — ». Effervescente, Sodae
carbonas — ». Hi/posnlfite de. Soda, hyposulphite
of — ». Phosphate de, Soda, phosphate of — s. et de
Potdsfie, Tartrate de. Soda, tartrate of — s. Pure,
Soda caustica — ». Sousborate de, Borax — .v. Sous-
cnrbouate de. Soda, subcarbonate of — s. Sulfate
de, Soda, sulphate of.
SOUFFLE, see Murmur, respiratory — s. Atn-
phoriqiie, see Cavernous respiration — «. Bron-
chique, see Murmur, respiratory — «. Metallique,
see Cavernous respiration — «. Plncentaire, Bruit
jihicentdire — s. Tracheal, sce Murmur, respiratory
— s. Tubaire, see Murmur, respiratory — ». Uterin,
Bruit placeutaire — 8. Voile, see Cavernous respi-
ration.
Souffle, Whi.spering. A bellows' sound heard
over solidified lung and excavations when the
patient wliispers. • — Flint.
SOUFRE, Sulphur— s. Carhnre, Carbonis sul-
phuretum — s. lodure de, Sulphuris iodidum — s.
Sublime, Sulphur sublimatum — «. Vegetal, Lyco-
podium.
SOUrLLUBE, Pollution.
SOULA'MEA AMA'RA, Bex amaro'rum. A
shrub of the Moluccas; Order, Polygalaceae ; all
the parts of which are of groat bitterness — "hor-
rciida amarities." It is employed by the Malays,
and, it is said, with success in cholera and pleu-
risy: and as a febrifuge.
SOUND, Specill'um, Sti/lus, Explorato'rinm,
Radl'olus, (F.) Soude. An instrument used by
surgeons to discover whether there be a stone in
the bladder. It is usually made of highly po-
lished steel, and is shaped like the catheter. The
operation is termed sounding.
The French Sonde has, however, a more ox-
tensive signification. It moans different instru-
ments introduced into cavities of certain organs,
or into wounds, fistulas, &c., to investigate their
condition, or to fulfil some therapeutical indica-
tion. See Soude.
Sduno, Sonus, Erhos, Xoise, (¥.) Son, Bruit.
The sensation produced on the auditory nerve by
the vibrations of a sonorous body. Sounds may
bo propagated in three modes. 1. By reciproca'-
tion or con'snnnnce, as wlien a'sounding body, of
a dcfiiiito pitch, produces a musical tone when
another body of the same pitch is sounded near
it. 2. By rcs'onnucp, as when a sounding body
is placed in connection with another, one or more
of whose parts maybe thrown into reciprocal vi-
bration ; and 3. By cmduc'tion, as where the vi-
brations are transmitted through fluid, liquid, or
solid media.
Sound, Cathetcrize, Syncope, S. Auricular,
Apyromele — s. Bellows, friction, rasp, saw, lancet,
&c., see Bruit — s. Cracl<ed pot. Bruit de pot fele
— s. Crumpling, pulmonary, Froisscmeut pulmo-
naire — s. Laryngeal, Laryngeche.
Sound, U'THrtiNE, V'teriue bougie, (F.) Sonde
uterine. An instrument, somewhat similar to a
small male catheter, to be introduced into the
cavity of the uterus, in the diagnosis of diseases
of that viscus. When notched on the stem, it
enables the size of the uterine cavity to be ap-
preciated, and becomes a good hysterom'eter.
SOUNDING, Searching, see Sound.
SOUNDNESS OF MIND, Sanity.
SO UP I R, Sigh.
SOUR BERRY, see Oxyeantha Galeni, Vacci-
nium oxycoccos — s. Dock, boreal, Oxyria reni-
formis — s. Leaf, Andromeda arborea — s. Tree
Andromeda arborea — s. Wood, Andromeda ar-
borea.
SOURCIL, Supercilium.
SOUIICILIEU, Corrugator supercilii. Super-
ciliary.
SOURD, Deaf.
SOURDS-MUETS, see Mutitas surdorum.
SOUR-MILK, Buttermilk.
SOUR-SOP, Bromelia ananas.
SOURWOOD, Andromeda mariana.
SO US- A Gli 0.)fTO- CLA VI-II UMERA Z, Del-
toid— «. Atlo'idien, Subatloidaens — s. Axoidien,
Subiixoidffius — ». Azotate de Bismuth, 'iixsmvih,
subnitrate of — s. Clavier, Subelavius — a. Costaux,
Intercostal — «. C»?fn(e, Subcutaneous — «. Ejii-
neux, Infra-spinatus — s. Lingual, Sub-lingual — s.
Jfammaire, Submammary — «. Jfaxillaire, Sub-
maxillary— s. Maxillo-Lidiinl, BcTpressor anguU
oris — s. Afeutal, Submental — s. Jfetacarpo-laleri-
phidangie.u. Prior annularis — s. Optico-s])heuo-
sclerotieien. Rectus inferior oculi — s. Orbitaire,
Suborbitar — s. Pubio-coccygien, Levator ani— 8.
Puhio-creti-tibi(d, Gracilis — s. Pubio-pretibiul,
Gracilis — s. Pubin-troehauterien-externe, Obtura-
tor externus — s. Pubio-trochanterien-interne, Ob-
turator internus — s. Scapulaire, Subscapularis — s.
Scaputo-trochinien, Subscapularis — s. Sels, see
Salt.
SOUTH CAROLINA, MINERAL WATERS
OF. (jlenn's Spri}igs, iu Spartanburg District,
are highly charged with salts of lime, and, nut
far from them, is a chah'beate. West's Spring,
and Chicle's Spirings, a few miles from Greenville,
resemble Glenn's Springs.
SOUTHERNWOOD, Artemisia abrotanum —
s. Field, Artemisia campestris — s. Maritime, Ar-
temisia maritima — s. Tartarian, Artemisia santo-
nica.
SOWBREAD. Arthanita, Cyclamen.
SOWENS, Flunimerv.
SOY, see Dolichos soja.
SOYMIDA FEBRIFUGA, Swieteniafebrifuga.
SPA, MINERAL WATERS OF. A '.own
seven leagues southeast of Liege, where there
are several springs, possessing a sharp acidulous
taste; containing much carbonic acid, carbonates
of iron, lime, and magnesia; carbonate of soda,
and chloride of sodium. The water is much used
as a tonic.
Spa Watkh, Artificial. Sodce suhrarb., gr.
vij : magnesice carbon.,"^]: liiiiat. ferri., gr. iij ;
sodii chlorid., gr. j : aqucB, Oiij. Impregnate
with gas from marble jjoiodcr and sulph. acid.,
ail Qx.
SPACE, INTERPEDUNCULAR, see Inter-
peduncular— s. Perforated; anterior, Locus per-
SPADE-BONE
852
STASM
foratus anticus — s. Perforated, posterior, see
Tiirini p')iis.
SPADE-BONE. Scapula.
SPADO, Cii.stratus, Eunuch, Spasm.
SPAGYRIA, Chymistry.
SPAG"Y11ISTS, from o-tou, 'I separ.ate,' and
jyEijiu), ' I assemble ;' because they reduced com-
]iouiuls into elements, and formed the latter into
compounds [?]. A sect of physicians, who pro-
tended to account for the changes that occur in
ihe human body in health and disease, in the same
manner as the chymists of their day explained
those of the inorganic kingdom. MecUci'ua T'a-
iiicelcis'tica seu Spagyr' ica, was likewise called
JTermet' ten, because it was believed that the
means of cure adopted in it had been found in
the books of Hermes.
SPAIG, Skeleton.
SPAN^'MIA, from niavoi;, 'poor,' and 'aifia,
'blood.' Poverty of the blood. Diminution in
the quantity of fibrin and red corpuscles of the
Idood, — as where bleeding has been carried be-
j'ond certain limits. — Simon.
SPANj:E'MIC, SpritKs'inicum (remedium), T>!/9-
plan'tlciun, Phintilyt'iciun et erethili/t'icum, HcB-
inatolijt'icnm, Dt/icrnsi'aciim. Same etymon as
the last. Relating to spanaemia.
A medicine whose protracted use is said to
impoverish the blood, — as iodine, bromine, <fcc.
SPAND AR A PUM, Sparadrapum.
SPANING. Weaning.
SPANISH FEjY, Cantharis— s. Juice, Extrac-
tum glyoyrrhizie.
SPAN .NT ADR A PUM, Sparadrapum.
SPANOPO'CJON, from mrnvos, 'rare,' and mo-
yiiiv, ' beard.' One who has lost his beard, or has
a thin beard.
The Greeks called those who had little beard,
or who ba<l lost it, S/>niiopoi/o' nf;>i.
SPAR ADR A PA, Sparadrapum.
SPAR AD RAPIER. Tne name of a machine
for spreading sparadraps. A Plaster machine.
It consists of a table, witli two raised pieces, mo-
vable, anil furnished with points, by which the
cloth can bo stretched, and of a lamina or blade
of metal to extend the plaster over it.
SPARADRA'PUM, Spara'lra'pa, Sparadra-
2>'i8, Tela emplas'tica seu ciiipfan'trico, Spandara'-
pnm, Spaiiiiitdfa'piuii, (F.) Sparadrap. Any ad-
hesive plaster spread upon linen or paper. The
chief sparailraps are the following:—
SpAUAnKAPUM AD^/^;sI'vu^f, Adhe'sive Plaster.
A spread plaster of the Einplantriim adhcesivum.
It is also called Slrappinr/.
Eiii/liih Court Pliistc'r is a Sparadrap, (F.)
Taffetas aqijlntinatif, T. cpunme. Taffetas d'Ail-
(/leterre, Ser'iciiin Aii'i/licinn, Pmjj/as'triim An-
ijUciim. E. An(jlica'7iiiiii, E. Adhessi'vuni Wood-
Htock'il, E. IchlhiidCdl'lfB IpIcb hidiw'tum, E. Glu-
tino'snm, Tela IchthyocDl'lee (//n'tliians, Isinglass
Plaster. It is made by stretching black silk, and
brushing it over with a solution of isinglass 5j,
in proof spirit ^xij, to which tinct. benzoin, ^i],
are adilod. When dry, this is repeated five times ;
after this, two coats are given it of a solution of
tereh. ChioB ,^iv, in tinct. henz. ^vj, which render
it less liable to crack.
Liston's Isinglass Plaster is made by spreading
several coats of strong solution of isinglass in
weak spirit over oiled silk, or, still better, over
animal membrane previously prepared for the
purpose from the peritoneal coat of the cajcum of
tlie ox.
Sparadrapum pro Fontic'iilis, Issue Plaster,
is sometimes made of simple diachylon, tbij ; liiir-
gnndij pitch and sarcocolla, each ,^iv: common
turpentine, ,^j. Spread upon linen and polished
•with a moistened calendering glass rubber.
Sparadrapum seu Ti;la Galteki, Defensive
Plaster, (F.) Toile de Gautier, This is made of
olive oil, Ibss; suet, ,^iv; wax, .^x; lilhargf,
common turpentine, thus, and mastich, ua, 3 'J'
bole armeniac, Jioiir, iia ^^J- Pour it, while
liquid, upon cloth, and spread. Used for issues
and to keep on dressings.
Sparabua'pum Vesicatc'rium. Several sub-
stances have been introduced as substitutes fur
blistering plaster, (see Emplastrum Lyttas,) under
the names. Tela vesicato'ria, Blistering Tissue,
&c., and other forms of which are the Taffetas
vesicant ou ^pispastiqne, Papier fpispaslique,
Charta vesicato'ria. They arc made of an
ethereal or alcoholic extract of cantharides, or of
cantharidin, mixed with wax, and sjiread, in a
very fine layer, on silk or paper previously oiled
or waxed. They are eflScient agents.
Sparadrapum A'iu'ide, Com Plaster. This
may be made of yellow wax, tbij ; Burgundy
pitch, ^xij; common turpentine, '^\y, verdigris,
%\\]; spread on cloth and polished.
Kennedy's Corn Plaster is made of yellow wax,
!bj ; Venice turpentine, "^Vy, verdigris, ,^j.
SPARADRAPUS, Sparadrapum.
SPARAGMA, Laceration.
SPARAGMOS, Spasm.
SPARAGUS, Asparagus.
SPARAL'LIUM, Clyster nteri'nns. An injec-
tion into the vagina. — Ruland and Johnson.
SPAREDIA. A ligature covered with the
white of egg. — Paracelsus.
SPARGA'NIUM RAMO'SUM, Great Bur-
reed,, from Sparganon, owing to the ribbon-like
leaves. Indigenous: Orc/c-, TyphaeeoB ; flowering
in .luly and August. The roots are subastrin-
gent, but esculent; yielding a fine fecula, simi-
lar to salep. They are sometimes made into a
poultice for inflamed mammae.
SPAR'GANON, Spar'ganum, from airapyw, 'I
swathe,' 'I wrap.' 'Swathing clothes;' a kind
of bandage, with which children were formerly
surrounded. — Foesius. Also, a fascia.
SPARGANO'SIS, Spargo'sis, Intumescen'tia
lac'tea mninnia'rum Jfastodyn'ia polyg'ala, from
ami()yaij), ' I am ready to burst.' Extreme disten-
sion of the breasts by milk. Sparganosis also
means the wrapping of a child in swathing clothes.
Sparganosis Pubuperarpm, Phlegmatia do-
lens.
SPARGANUM, Sparganon.
SPARROWGRASS, Asparagus.
SPARSUS, Sporadic.
SPAR'TIUM JUN'CEUM, Spanish broom.
Ord. Leguminosa;. A small European shrub,
cultivated in the gardens of the United States, on
account of its yellow flowers. The seeds are
diuretic and tonic, in small doses; emetic and
cathartic in large. They have been used in
dropsy — 10 or 15 grains three times a day.
Spartium Scoi'a'uium, Cyt'isns scopa'rins, Ge-
nis'ta, G. scopa'rii( seu hirsn'ta, Cytisogenistn,
Broom, (F.) Genet d balai. Broom Tops, Spartii
Cacnniinu, Scopa'rins, (Ph. U. S.,) have a bitter
taste, and are possessed of diuretic properties.
They have been used in dropsies. Dose, of the
powder, Qj to ^]. All the genistae have similar
virtues. A decoction of genista, along with the
cauterization of the pustules under the tongue,
has been recommended in hydro[)hobia.
Spartium TiNcroiturM, Genista tinctoria.
SPASM, Sjinsmus, Sparag'mos, Synol'ce, Spndn,
from tjTTau), ' I draw.' The Greeks gave this name
to all kinds of convulsions. It is now usually
applied to involuntary muscular contractions;
and these. aLrain, have been diviiled into tonic
spasm, Paralou'ia, which consists in permanent
rigidity and immobility of the muscles that are
the seat of it (see Tetanus); and clonic spasm,
SrASMATICUS
R .-. ?,
SPECULUM
which consists in alternate contractions and re-
laxation? (see Convulsion).
Ciillen bus a class, Sjmsmi — the neiirospasmi
of Fuchs.
SPAs>f, Clonic, Convulsion — s. Cynic, see Ca-
nine laugh.
Spasm op thr Oi,ottis, Asthma thymicum.
Spasm, IIisTnroNic, of thk Face, see Tic.
Spasm op tuk Lvuynx, Asthma thymicum.
Spasm, Masticatory, op tiih Face, Trismus.
Spasm with Rigidity, Tetanus.
Spasm, Wiutkus'. Involuntary spasms of the
muscles of the thumb and index Cn<;or, observed,
at times, in those who are much accustomed to
writing- St»p Cramp, writers'.
SPASM ATICIIS, Spasmotieus.
SPASM ATODKS, Spasmotieus.
SPASME DE LA GLOTTE ET I)U THO-
RAX, Asthma thymicum — s. de la Vesaie, Cys-
tospasinus.
SPASMr, spoSpasm.
SPASMODRS, Convulsive.
SPASMODIC, Spasmotieus.
SPASMOL'OGY, SpriHmolixf'in, from ovaajjLOi,
'spasm,' and Xoyog, 'a treatise.' A treatise on
spasms.
SPASMOLYOMUS, Singultus.
SPASMOT'ICUS, SpaaiiKit'lcHS, fJpamnnto'deK,
SpuH'ticHn. SpitHti'c, Spanniod'ic, (F.) Spiismoili-
que, Spaslique, from airaafioi, 'spasm.' Anything
reliitins to spasm. Also, an antispasmodic.
Morbi consln'cto'rii, 3f. sp(i»mut'ici, &C.., are
diseases accompanied with spasm.
SPASMUS, Convulsion, Spasm — s. Aurium,
Otnl^ria — s. Bronchialis, Asthma — s. Caninus, see
Canine laugh — s. Clonicus, Convulsion — s. Cyni-
cus. see Canine laugh — s. Facialis, Tic — s. Glot-
tidis. Asthma thymicum — s. Lingute, Glosso-
spiismus — s. Maxillae inferioris, Trismus — s. Mus-
cularis, Cramp — s. Musculorum Faciei, Canine
laugh — s. Nutans, Convulsion, salaam — s. Peri-
phericns. Ilorrida cutis — s. Universalis, Synclonus
— s. Vcntriculi, sec Cardialgia — s. Vesicae, Cys-
tosp.Tsmus.
SPAS'NIA, same etymon as Spasm. [?] A
term used by Morcurialis to designate the lanci-
nating pain produced, at times, in the chest by
viulont fits of coughing.
SPASTIC, Spasmotieus, Tonic spasm.
SPASTICUM, Tetanic.
SPATHA, Hvpaleiptron.
SPATIIES'TER, from a^a(^, 'I draw.' A
surgical instrument, used for drawing the prepuce
over the chins, when too short. — P. Amman.
SPATIIOMELE, Spatula.
SPATMULA, Scapula, Spatula — s. Foetida,
Iris fietidissima.
SPATIIYEMA FCETIDA, Dracontium foeti-
duin,
SPATIA INTERLOBULARES, Interlobular
fissures. _
SPAT'ILE, ffrari'Xtj, 'human excrement.' A
liquid fecal evacuation. Excrement. — Hippo-
crates.
SPATIUM ORIS. Mouth— s. Trigonum, Lyra.
SPATTERDOCK, Nuphar advena.
SPAT'ULA, Spath'nin, diminutive of Spntlia,
a-rn^r], ' n broad-sword.' Spnthniiie'le, Specill'um
/'iliini. An instrument used for spreading plas-
ters, stirring ointments, holding down the tongue,
itc. Also, the scapula.
Spati'i.a pug Ore, Glossospatha.
SPAFl), Ilnmerus.
SPA IT,, Saliva.
SPATT RONE, Humerus,
SPWV-RONE, Humerus.
SPVYINt^.see Castration.
SPIvWIXG-BRASH, Brash, weaning.
SPEARWORT, Ranunculus flammula.
SPEAUTER. Zinc.
SPECIAL, see Specific.
SPECIALIST, (F.) SpMalhte. One who
devotes himself to a specialty: as to diseases of
particular parts, as of the eye, ear, chest, <tc.
SPECIES, (F.) Enpieen, SpMolea, Thex com-
ponei. Officinal mixtures of substances cut or
bruised. Sometimes used for compound powders,
as it always appears to have been formerly. See
Pulvis.
Spboiks Aromatic.^,, Pulvis cinnamomi com-
positus — s. Diacinnamomi, Pulvis cinnamomi
compositus — s. Diacretae, Pulvis crctap compos. —
s. Diajalapas, Pulvis jalapse compositus — s. Diam-
bra) sine odoratis, Pulvis cinnamomi compositus
— s. Diatragacanthas frigidse, Pulvis tragacnnthi«
compositus — s. Hierae picrae, Pulvis aloes cum
canella — s. Laetificantes Rhazis, Pulvis cinna-
momi compositus — s. e Scordio cum opio, Pulvis
cretae compositus cum opio — s. e Scordio sine
opio, Pulvis cretae compositus.
SPECIF'IC, Spedf'icHS, Nosocrat'io, (F.) Spe'-
djique, from species, 'a form or fashion,' and
fdcere, 'to make,' A substance to which is at-
tributed the special property of removing some
particular disease. Probably no such remedy
exists. Merew-y in syphilis, and nidphur in the
itch, have been regarded as the strongest exam-
ples. The word is also used adjectively in the
sense of special ; as "mercury has a sjjecijic or
apee{(d action on the salivary glands."
Spkcific of IlF-RRF.NSCHWANr). A once cele-
brated German vermifuge. It is said to have
consisted of 10 grains of Gandxnje, with 20 of
Carbonate of Patassa. It is afiirmed, that mer-
cury and arsenic have also been found in it. —
Paris.
SPECIFICUM PARACELSI, Potassfe sul-
phas.
SPECIL'LUM, 3hle, Sti/lns, E.rplorato'rinm,
from specio, ' I examine,' Specla'rioii, a probe,
(F.) Stylet, Snude. A surgical instrument, em-
ployed for examining wounds, fistulas, and for
passing setons, <tc. It is usually formed of sil-
ver; and is terminated, at one end, by an olive-
shaped button. The eyed probe has an aperture
at the other extremity.
Spkcillum, Everriculum, H3'paleiptron, Souml
— s. Auricularium, Apyromele — s. Cereum, Bmi-
fjie — s. Excavatum, Stylus excavatus — s. Latum,
Spatula — s. Minus, Melotis.
SPECIOLE, Species.
SPECKS OF THE CORNEA, see Caligo.
SPECLARION, Speeillum.
SPECTACLES, from spectare, 'to behold;'
Coiispicil'la, (Sc.) Breels, (F.) Besivles, Lintetles
ordiiiaires, Ocnserres. Glasses to assist the sight;
arranged so as to be adapted to both eyes. These
glasses are more or less concare or convex, accord-
ing as the sight is more or less short, (myopic,)
or long, (presbyopic.) When the glass is adapted
to one eve, it is called an Eyeqlass, Conspicil'hini,
Perspicil'liim, Vitrtim ocnia're.
SPECULA'RIS LAPIS. A transparent mine-
ral, but of what nattire is not clear, which was
formerly employed in epilepsy. In old times it
was used for glass. — Pliny.
SPECULUM, Catop'ter, Calop'tron, Diop'tron.
In Latin, 'a mirror;' from specio, 'I see.' In
surgery, it means different instruments for dila-
ting cavities, and facilitatin<r their examination.
See Dilator. There are various instruments of
this kind, — the S. Ani, S. Aitris, S. Vatpntg,
(Colpeiiri/ti'ter, Eh/lreiirynter,) S. Mntri'cis, S.
Oculi, S. Oris ((F.) Bdillon,) S. Gutturis, S.
Vesicff.
SpF.crLiTM Citri>mtm. Orpiment — s. Indicura,
Ferri limatura — s. Lucidum, Septum lucidum — s.
SPECUS
854
SPERMATIC
Oris, Glossocatochus — s. Veneris, Achillea millc-
lolinm.
SPECUS, Vulva — s. Cordis, Ventricle of the
Heart — s. Pro medulla spinali, see Vertebral co-
lumn— ?. Vertebralis, see Vertebral column.
SPKDALSKE, see Radzyo-e.
SPEDALSKHED, see Radzyge.
SPEKCH, Voice, articulated.
SPEECHLESSNESS, Mutitas.
SPKEDIMAN'S PILLS, see Pilulae aloes et
mvrrliie.
SPEEDWELL, BROOKLIME, Veronica bec-
cabunga — s. Female, Antirhinum clatine — s. Offi-
cinal, Veronica — s. Purslain, Veronica peregrina
— s. Water, Veronica beccabunga.
SPELL-BONE, Fibula.
SPKLTRUxM, Zincum.
SPERAGE, Asparagus.
SPERAGUS, Asparagus.
SPERM, <r-£/);ja, avip/iaros, from crzcipo), ' I SOW.'
Speniiat'ic jtnid or liquor, ^eiii'ixal Jliiid, Seeil,
ts'einen, S. viri'le seu 7iinseii!i'iiHiii seu geuita'le,
SeniiH'inm, Geiiita'le, Jfedul'lce, Itos. Sanguis,
S''ni>i), Humor genita'lis seu scmina'lls seu vc-
ve'reuH, Uri'nn geuitn'Us, Geiiitu'ra, Spermn, S.
viri'le, -^pernii' um, Tho're, Tho'rus, Lac niarin,
Lnf/ne'a, Lagiii'a, La/pteu'ma, Germeit, Vita'le
I'irns, J\frde's luillc, Proj/itgatory or genital
lif/Hor, Vital or quickening venom, (F.) Semence,
Flaide seminal. A whitish, viscid fluid, of a pecu-
liar smell, secreted by the testicles, whence it is
carried by the vasa deferentia to the vesiculse
seininales, to be thrown into the vagina, during
coition, through the ejaculatury ducts and the
urethra. It is the fecundating tluid, and must
come into actual contact with the germ of the
female. The Aura sem'inis, Gonau'ra, is inca-
])able of effecting fecundation. The semen, at
the time of emission, is composed of two different
iluids ; the one liquid and transparent, which is
considered to be tlie secretion of the prostate, —
the otlier, white, and as thick as mucilage; the
product of the testicular secretion. The sperm
contains, according to Vauquclin, 900 parts of
water, 50 of animal mucilage, 10 of soda, and 30
of calcareous phosphate. The animal matter is
peculiar, and by some termed spermatin.
Microscopic observations show that it contains
spermatozo'a, or more properly spermatozo' ids ;
for their animalcular nature is not demonstrated.
They are produced in cells — sperm-cells — and
have probably no more title to be considered ani-
malcular, than the cilia of the ciliated epithelium.
By curjcful examination, other minute, round,
granulated bodies may almost always be de-
tected, which are in all cases much less nume-
rous than the spermatozoa. These bodies are the
semiuid granxdes, gran' idrt sem'inis. Pure sperm,
in its most perfect state, consists principally of
spermatozoids and seminal granules; both of
which are enveloped in a sm.all quantity of fluid,
liquor sem'inis, spennat'ic liquor.
It has been imagined, but erroneously, that
during coition there is a secretion of female sperm
— Semen mulie'bre, Theli/g'onum. The increased
secretion that takes place is chiefly from the
glands of Duvernej'.
Sperm also means spermaceti.
Si'KUM Cell, see Sperm.
SPERMA, Sperm — s. Mercurii, Ilydrargyrus
acetatus.
Spkkwa Rana'rttm, Spern'i'ola sen Sperni'olum
seu Spermi'ola seu Spermi'ohim rana'rum. Frog's
spawn. Once used in medicine.
SPERMACETI, Cetaceum— s. Whale, see Ce-
taceum.
SPERMACRASIA, Spermatorrhoea.
SPERMATACRASIA, Spermatorrhoea.
SPERMATACRATIA, Spermatorrhoea.
SPERMAT'IC, Spermnl'icus,Semina'lis, Sem'-
inal, (F.) SjK'nnatique, from a^cp/ta, arrcpixaTof.
That which relates to the .'^iicrm. A name given
to diftcrent parts connected with the organs of
generation.
Spkrmatic Autkhiks, Arteria Spermal' ira seu
prcp.paran'tes, (F.) Arteres tcslicidnires, A. de
I'oraire (Ch.), are two in number — one on each
side — and arise from the siiles of the arota, some-
times from the renal arteries. Tlicj' descend,
almost vertically, at the sides of tlie vertebral
column, and are distributed differently in the
two sexes. In man, the spermatic artery, situate
at the side of the vas deferens, issues by the ab-
dominal ring; gives numerous ramifications to
the spermatic cord, and divides into fasciculi of
branches, one of which goes to the testicle, — the
other to the epididymis. In the female, tiic
spermatic artery, ova'rian artery, dil)S into the
pelvis, and passes to the ovarium, Fallopian tube,
and round ligament.
Si'KiiMATic Coimi or Ciionn, Testic'ular Cord,
Fnnic'ulns S/>er)nalicns, Corpus varico'snm, (F.)
Cordon spertnatique ou testicnlaire. The vascular
and nervous chord, by which the testicle is sus-
pended. It is composed of the s))erniatic artery
and veins; of other sunill vessels; of lympliatics;
of nervous filaments from the spernnilic plexus,
and from the genito-crural branch of the lunibo-
abdominal plexus ; of the vas deferens, and, very
often, of a fibro-cellular cord, which unites the
peritoneum to the ujiper part of the tunica vagi-
nalis, and in which encj'Sted hydrocele of the
spermatic cord occurs. All these parts are uni-
ted together by a very lax, areolar tissue, and
surrounded by coats, which, reckoning from with-
out, are : — 1. The skin and areolar membrane.
2. A fibro-cellular membrane, formed by the fas-
cia superficialis. 3. A very thin layer, formed by
fibres of the cremaster muscle, united archwise
before, and often also behind, the cord. 4. The
proper sheath of the spermatic vessels, or the tu-
bular prolongation furnished by the fascia trans-
versalis to tlie chord, on a level with the superior
orifice of the inguinal canal. The spermatic
cord is commonly shorter on the right side than
on the left; and of a different size in different
individuals. It ascends, almost vertically, from
the superior margin of the testicle as far as the
lower orifice of the inguinal canal ; passes through
this canal and enters the abdomen, crossing the
epigastric artery. Here it forms an evident
elbow, directing its course backward. At this
part, also, the organs composing it separate from
each other: — the vas deferens descending into
the pelvis to pass behind the bladder; — the blood-
vessels and lympathics ascending towards the
lumbar region, Ac.
Si'KHMATic Filaments, Spermatozoa — s. Fluid,
Sperm.
Si'ERMATic Ganglion. A large ganglion,
formed by branches from the hypogastric gang-
lion, and from the spermatic plexus. It supplies
the fundus uteri. Besides these ganglia. Dr.
Robt. Lee describes r<?«'i"ca^ and vag" inal ganglia,
and anterior and posterior sxd/peritone'al ganglia
and p)^exuses, which communicate with the pre-
ceding, and constitute an extensive nervous rete
over the entire uterus.
Spermatic Liqi'OR, Liquor seminis, see Sperm.
Spermatic Passages or Ways, Via Sperma-
ticm, are the canals concerned in the excretion
of semen. See Testicle.
Spermatic Plexuses of nerves, Plexus testicn-
lares, are two in number, and are furnished by
the renal plexuses. Their filaments, called Sper-
matic nerves, follow the arteries of the same name
to the testicle in man ; and to the ovary and Fal-
lopian tube in the female, — ova'rian nervca. They
SPERMATIN
85 5
SPHENOID
cannot be traced into the substance of these
Si'KRMATic Vbfns are two or three in number
on each siile. They accompany the spermatic
nrtcry, and open — those of tlie right, into the
vena cava inferior; those of the left, into the
correspondiii;; renal vein. These veins form,
ahove the testicle, a kind of venous network,
called, by some, the S/)ermiitic Ple.Tim ; and an-
other plexus before the psoas muscles, called the
Cdi/hih inniipi'iil forme.
Sl'HKMA'rrSl, see Sperm.
.Sl'ERMATIS'MUS, Emi«'Hio aem'im'x, from
(TirtpHu, (TTtpfiaroj, 'sperm.' The emission of sperm.
Six^i'iiKf'^i"!"- or Anhiinl'ciiltKiii is the doctrine,
whifli maintains that the embryo is produced by
the, SCI called, spermatic animalcules.
SI'ERMATIST, Animalculist.
.Sl'KKMATOCOCCr, Spermatozoa.
Sl'EKMATOCE'LE, H,-ni!n Kemina'Hs m-rot!,
Oxchf.iic.e'le semi nil' /In, Gaiiiice'le, from OTtcftixfi,
ajrepiiiTo!, 'sperm,' and kjA'?, 'a tumour.' The
ancients gave this name to certain swellings of
the testicle which were regarded as produced by
an accumulation of sperm in tlie organ. Also,
varicocflo.
SPEllMATOCLEMMA, see Pollution.
SPEHMATOCLEPSLS, see Pollution.
S1'ERMAT0CYSTID0RRHA(}"IA, Cnulor-
rhii(/"ia cjdciilato'rla, Utp.niutu' riii ejacnlnto'ria
scu hoiii'iki'IIh, from aircfiiia, aTTcpiiaroi, ' sperm,'
Kv<TTt(, 'bladder,' and fiiyjy, 'a hreaking forth.'
A discharge of blood from the urethra, or the act
of ejaeulation of sperm.
S'PEKMATODES, Gonoides.
SPERMATOGON'IA, Spentwf/on'ia, Spenna-
ti>i/fjp'<t, Spenit'itopoe'sis, Sjieniti'iiin, from a-ripim,
orncfiiiitTof, ' sperm,' and yevvaia, ' to beget.' The
preparatitm or secretion of sperm.
SPERMATOID, Gonoides.
SPKKMAT0L15PSIS, see Pollution.
SPERMATOLIPSrS, see Pollution.
SPERMATOL'OGY, S'pcnii«iolo</" in, from
onifiixa, awepii'iTOi, 'sperm,' and Xuyo$, 'a discourse.'
A treatise on sperm.
SPERMATOPIPOROUS, Seii,!n!f'ernm, from
anr.pfia, a-tpixaTOi, 'sperm,' and ipcpm, 'I carry.'
Sperm-bearing. The cells or granules in the
sperm have been so called.
SPKRMATOPCEA, Spermatogonia.
SPERMATOPOESTS, Spermatogonia.
SPERMATOPOETIC, Spermatopoeus.
SPERMATOPCE'US, SpermatcpoHt'icus, Sper-
mcitnpiiel'ic, Goiiepw'uH, Gonepoet'iciin, Gonopoet'-.
ic»v, from ovepiia, aTcpnaros, 'sperm,' and voittv,
' to make.' Food, to which has been attributed
the property of augmenting the secretion of se-
men ; and, consequently, of exciting the venereal
act. Very succulent and very nutritious sub-
stances have been so considered.
SPERMATORRHCE'A, Sperm orrJuf'n, Sper-
tiiacni'm'a, S/iertiKitoze'min, Spertnatncra'aia, Go-
vacrn'm'ii, Gonnrrnti'a, Goiioze'mia, Spermnla-
cnil'i'n, Gi>»nrrh<e'a vera, (F.) Flux lie Sperme,
J'olliitloiix, Pertes Hemlnixlest ; from antpua, airtpfin-
Tof, 'sperm,' and pcia, 'I flow.' An emission of
sperm, without copulation. See Gonorrhoea, and
Pollution.
Si'KUMATORRHCEA Atontca, Gonorrhoea laxo-
rum.
SPERMAT0S'CIIESlS,from(7i7tp,ia, (Trtp/iarof,
'sperm.' and o-Yf"'?. 'retention.' Retention or
suppression of the spermatic secretion.
SPERMATOZEMIA. Spermatorrhoea.
SPERMATOZO'A, Zoonper'matn, from avcp/jta,
trrriiiiiiToi, 'sperm.' and ^mov, 'animal.' Aiii-
mnl'riilii nemliin'llri sen spermnt'lcn, Flln uper-
mal'lca, Corpimcnla aem'tnis, apermatococ'ci, Ver-
iiilc'iili spermat'ici, Spermatozo'ich, Sem'iiiul or
spermiitic jit'anteuta, Spermatic or seminal ani-
mal'cides [?], (F.) ZooKpermca, Spennatozoairea
Reputed animalcules seen in the sperm ; by niosl
physiologists supposed to be the formative agents
in generation. See Sperm.
SPEIIMA TOZOAIHES, Spermatozoa.
SPERM ATOZOIDS, Spermatozoa,
SPERMIOLUM RANARUM, Sperma rana-
rum.
SPERMIUM, Sperm, Spermatogonia.
SPERMOBOLE, see Ejaculation, Spermatis-
miis.
SPERMOEDIA CLAVUS, Ergot.
SPERMOtJONIA, Spermatogonia.
SPERMORRH(EA, Spermatorrhoea.
SPERNIOLUM RANARUM, Sperma rana-
rum.
SPEWING, Vomiting.
SPHACELATED, Sphacela'tua, (F.) Spha-
cele. Struck with sphacelus.
SPlIAGliLATION, Mortification.
SPIIACE LE, Sphacelus — a. de la Bouclie,
Cancer aquaticus.
SPIIACELIA SEGETUM, see Ergot.
SPllACELISMUS, Sphacelus — s. Cerebri,
Phrenitis.
SPHACELUS, a<paKeXoi, Giini/rcs'na Sphace-
Ihs, Sphacelia'mna, Cold morlijiciilioii, (F.) Spha-
cele, Ginujrene froide, from aipa^w, 'I slay.' This
word is used, by some, synonymously with gan-
grene : by others, with gangrene when it occu-
pies the whole substance of a limb. Commonly,
it means the disorganized portion, in cases of
mortification, anthraconevro'sia, which must be
thrown off, — or is, in other words, totally dead.
The foul disorganized portion of an ulcer — called
the aluiiijh — must be considered a kind of spha-
celus.
S()hacelus was formerly used to denote exces-
sive pain ; and for agitation from excessive pain,
or violent emotion.
SpHAcums Ckrealis, Ergotism — s. Nosoco-
mialis. Hospital gangrene.
Sl'H^ERA, Pila — s. Marina, Pila marina — s.
Thalassia, Pila marina.
SPH.ERANTHUS INDICUS, Adaca.
SPHyE'RIA SINEN'SIS, (<7,/.«<pa, ' a globe,')
Hia Taiio Tom Tchum, Hin Taao Tong Teltong,
'J'ofaii Kasn, Summer plant winter worm. A fungus
which projects from the neck of a lepidopterous
insect. It is highly esteemed by the Chinese
as a tonic, like ginseng.
SPH/ERIDION, Pilula
SPH/ERION, Globule, Pilula.
SPIIiEROCEPHALA ELATIOR, Echinops.
SPHyEROCOCCUS CRISPUS, Fucus crispus
— s. llelminthochortus, Corallina Corsicana — s.
Lichenoides, Fucus amvlaceus.
SPHiERULA GALENI, Pilula.
SrHiEituL^ Sanguinis, Globules of the blood.
SPHAGE, Throat.
SPHENDONE, Funda.
SPHENO, in the composition of anatomical
terms, usually means, belonging or relating to
the sphenoid bone.
SPHENOCEPHA'LIA. from aipw, 'a wedge.'
and KctfiaXn, ' head.' Monstrosity, in which the
head is wedge shaped, owing to the projection
of the anterior fontanel region.
SPHEXO-EPJNEUSE, (Arth-e,) Meningeal
arterv, middle.
SP"HEN0ID, SphenoVdea, Splieuo'dca, Splie-
uoh'deiia, Splieno'ida'lia, (F.) Sphfnoide, from
ai}>tfv, ' a wedge,' and aio;, ' resemblance.' Wedge-
shaped. Hence,
SpHKSOID Bone, Sphemiidea oa, Os haaila'ri
,1 sea citnei/ur'nie seu cu'neo cuinpara'tum scu ajjhc-
SniENOlDAL
85 G
SriIINCTER
DoicJn'li ?eu miiltifor'tne seu nz'yijon sen papilln'-
I e seu palijmor'phou seu jnurilht'ie seu biuilla're
seu tilo'J'iir'nie seu spheco'i'deinn seu i^espi/or'iiie
seu iiicoiiJii(j(t'lii>ii seu pteri/yn'idciiiii seu tiln'tum
seu colfito'rii, Pttr'y()iji<t hove. Ah azj'gous bone,
situate oti tlie median line, and at the Ijuseof the
(Tiiniuni. It articulates with all the other bones
of that cavity; supports them, and strengthens
their union. Its form is singular, and resembles
a bat with its wings extended. It has, 1. An
inferior or (juttiirid surface, on which is situate
the crista, that joins the vomer; a channel, which
cimcurs in forming the ptorygo-palatine foramen ;
the pterygoi<l process ; the pterygoid fossa; the
scaphoid depression ; the Vidian or pterygoid
canal; the foramina — ovale, spinale, <fcc. 2. A
superior or cerebral surftiee, on which are: — the
clinoid processes; the pituitary fossa ; the/o»'a-
>iiiii(t [orole, rutiiiulidn, and npiiuile) ; the -^^jo-
])hysis of Iiif/rassiai or lesser tviii;/ ; the foramen
ippticum, <fec. 3. An occipital or posterior surface,
which is articulated with the basilary process of
the occipital bone. 4. An anterior or orhitar
nasal surface; having, anteriorly, a crista to
unite with the ethmoid bone ; and, on each side,
a round aperture, which leads into two cavities
in the substance of the bone, separated by a
'niddle septum, and called the sphenoidal sinuses.
6. Two zyyoniato-teniporal or external surfaces,
which correspond to the temporal and zygomatic
fossre.
Some divide the sphenoid into body or middle
portion ; and ata, which arc four in number, and
are subdivided into ijreat ( Temporal Plates or
Wiuijs, Alcp magua) and little {Apophyses of In-
tjrassias, AlcB mino'res, Processus enniform'es).
The Sphenoid suture surrounds the bone.
Sphenoid, Spinous Process of the. Sphenoid
spine.
SPHENOID'AL, Sphenoid a' lis. That which
belongs or relates to the sphenoid bone.
Sphenoidal Cor'nua, Uor'nua Spheno'ida'Ua,
(F.) Cornets spheno'idaux ou de Bertin, Osselcts
de Bertin, Ossic'ula Berti'ni, Ossn trianyula'ria,
Pyr'auiids of Wistar. Two small, thin, and
curved bones, situate between the sphenoid and
ethmoid, with which they are confounded in the
adult They have the shape of a hollow pyramid,
with the base turned backwards; and are deve-
loped by a single point of ossification. They are
articulated with the sphenoid, ethmoid, palate
bone, and vomer.
Sphenoidal or Supe'rior Or'bttary Fissure,
Fora'men l(ic"erum supe'rius, (F.) Fente sphenoi-
dale, is a large fissure, situate between the great
and little ala of the sphenoid. It is seen at the
upper and back part of the orbit between which
and the cranium it is a means of communication,
and transmits the third, fourth, and sixth pair of
nerves, and the first branch of the fifth pair, to
the eye and its appendages.
Sphenoidal Spine, Spina seu Crista sphetwi-
dd'lis, (F.) jEjilne sphenoidale, Sjiiuous Process
of the Sphenoid ; — 1. A projecting crista at the
inferior surface of the sphenoid-bone, for articu-
lation with the vomer. 2. A triangular process,
Apophyse sous-lemporale (Ch.), met with near the
posterior margin of the same bone, behind the
foramen spinale. At the point of the spinous
process, a styloid process is frequently met with.
SPIIENO'lDES, Cuneiform, Sphenoid — s. Os,
Sphenoid bone.
SPHENOMAX'ILLARY. Spheuo-maxilla'ris.
That which relates to the sphenoid and maxillary
bones.
Sphenomaxillary Fissure, Inferior or'bitar
Fii-ture, (¥.} Fente spJieno-maxillaire ou orbitaire
iuferieure ; called, also, Fora'men lac"erum ?'»-
/e'rius seu sphcnu-maxilla' re, is situate at the
posterior part of the angle formed by tlic union
of the internal and inferior ]iarictcs of the orbit.
It is constituted, above, by the sphenoid bone ;
below, by the sujierior maxillary and palato
bones ; and, before, by the malar bone. It is nar-
rower at the middle than at the extremities, and
forms a communication l)elweeu the orbitar cavity
and the zygomatic fossa.
Sphenomaxillary Fossa is a name given by
some anatomists, to a depression at the union of
the sphenomaxillary and plerygouiaxillary fis-
sures.
SPIIENO-OR'BITAR. A name given by B6-
clard to the anterior part of tlie body (jf the sjihe-
noid bone, which is developed by a variable num-
ber of points of ossification.
S P 11 E N 0 P A L ' A T 1 N E, Sphennpalati'mi*.
That which relates to the sphenoid and palate
bones.
Sphenopalatine Artery, Large lateral nasal
A., is the termination of the internal maxillary.
It enters at the posterior part of the superior
meatus of the nose, through the sphcno-jjalatine
foramen, and spreads its numerous branches on
the pituitary membrane covering the septum, the
cornua, and the meatus.
Sphenopalatine Fora'men is a round aper-
ture, formed by the vertical portion of the os pa-
lati and the sphpnoi<l. It establishes a commu-
nication between the nasal fossic and the zygo-
matic fossa.
Sphenopalatine Ganglion, Ganglion of 3(ec-
I.'el, Spheuo'id'al G. (Ch.) A small, nervous, cor-
diform, or triangular ganglion, of variable size,
situate without the foramen sphacno-palatinuiu,
in the pterygomaxillary fissure. It seems sus-
pended by several nervous filaments to the trunk
of the superior maxillary nerve, and gives off
internal or sphloiopalatine filaments, inferior or
palatine filanientu, and a posterior filament, which
is the Vidian or jiterygoid nerve.
vSphenopalatine ^F.nVES, Lat'eralnasal nerves,
arise from the ganglion —just described — at its
inner part, and enter the nasal fossiu by the sphe-
nopalatine foramen. They are five or six in num-
ber, and distribute their filaments to the outer
and inner parietes of the nasal fossae. One of
the most remarkable branches is the Naso-pala-
tine.
SPHENOPALATINTJS, Levator palati.
SPIIENOPAIU'ETAL, Spheno.parieta'lis.
That which belongs or relates to the sphenoid
and parietal bones.
Sphenoparietal Siitiire is formed by the ar-
ticulation of the extremity of the greater ala of
the sphenoid with the anterior and inferior angle
of the parietal bone.
SPHENO-PTERYGO-PALATINUS, Circum-
flexus — s. Salpingostaphylinus, Circumflexus — ».
Solpinc/o-mallien, Laxator tympani.
SPIIEXOSIS, see AVedged.
SIMIEXOSTAPIIYLINUS, Levator palati.
SPII EN OTEMP'ORAL, Spheno - temporalis.
That which belongs to the sphenoid and temporal
bones.
Sphenotemporal Sutiire is the suture at the
articulation of the great aUc of the sphenoid bone
with the squamous portion of the temporal. Be-
clard gives the name sphenotemporal to the pos-
terior part of the body of the sphenoid, which is
developed by distinct points of ossification.
SPHEX.Wasp.
SPHINCTER, <7(^iy<tr^p, Constrir'tor, Musc'uhi$
constric.to' riiis, irom a<piyyii>, ' I constrict.' A name
given to several annular muscles, which constrict
or close certain natural ojienings.
Sphincter Am, Annnla'ris Ani. Many ana-
tomists have described two sj)hineter muscles of
the anus : — 1. The S. exter'nus seu culu'neus. As-
SPHONDYLIUM
857
SPINA
pidln'cot, CocrygSo-oitnxf-nphiiicier, Orhiciilti'ris
Iteeli, CDUnlric'tor Am', Cocci/yi'i-'niiil, (Ch.) It
if sitiiiite around the anus; i." elliptical frnrn be-
fiire ti) l)eliin(J; flattened, and pierced at its mid-
dle. Its fibres describe concentric arcs, which
are ntlai-lied, bchiml, to the extremity of the coc-
cyx, by a dense, areolar substance ; and are con-
fiiunded, anteriorly, with the bulbo-cavernosi and
traiisversi jjerintei muscles. This muscle con-
tracts and close.s the anus. 2. The iimer or ?h-
tfiiKil Sphincter Aiii, Sjihincter iittesliiKi'lis of
AViiislow, is by many anatomists considered as
the termination of the circular fibres of the rec-
tum. It is annular, and situate around the infe-
rior extremity of the rectum, to the extent of
about a finger's breadth. It has the same uses
as the other.
iSi'iiiNCTKR GvhJE, Constrictores pharyngis —
8. Ilei, IJauhin, valve of — s. Iritestinalis, Sphinc-
ter ani internus — s. Labioru'u, Orbicularis oris —
5. Oculi, Orbicularis palpebrarum — s. Pali)ebra-
runi, Orbicularis palpebrarum — s. Pylori, see
Pylorus — s. Vaginae, Constrictores cunni — s.
Vcntriculi, Pylorus.
Si'HiN'CTKit Vksi'c^, Sphincter of the hladdir.
Some anatomists have given this name to whitish,
elastic, and circular fibres, which surround the
neck of the bladder, but do not constitute a par-
ticular muscle. Morgagni has given the name
PsF,i;DO-SpniNCTRn to the anterior fibres of the
levator aiii, which pass beneath the neck of the
hliiddcr, and, by their contraction, close that
oiiciiinsr. See Compressor urethra?.
SPIIOXDYLTIIM, Ileracleum spondylium.
SPlIOXliUS, Fungus, Spongia.
SPllRA(UDONYCn.ARGOCOME'TA, from
ff(^()ny<f, 'a seal,' oic^, ovv')(_oi, 'a nail,' apyoi,
'white' or perhaps apyvpoq, ' silver,' and Kojxiw,
*I adorn.' A charlatan who adorned his fingers
to the very nails with rings. — Aristophanes, Hip-
pocriitcs.
SPIIYcniA, Pulse.
SPIlYlJ.MIC, Si>hij!j'm!<;is, (F.) Sphygmique,
from a^jivy/ioi, ' pulse.' Kehiting to the pulse : —
pulsat<iry.
Si'iiYGMio Art, Ars Sjdii/f/'nn'ea. The art of
judging l)y the pulse, in health or disease.
SptiVGMirA DorTRiNA, Sphygmologia.
SPIIYtmiCUS. Throbbing."
SPllYtiMOCKPIIALUS, Crotaphe.
SPIIYt! MODES, Throbbing.
SPIiY(iMOLE(iIUAI, Pulsilegium.
SPIIYO'iMOiniAPII; from <7<l>vyixo?, 'the
pulse,' and ; pi<0 , 'I describe.' An instrument
which, when ap])lied over an artery, indicates the
character of the pulse as to force and extent of
undulations. — \'ierordt.
SP]IY(JMOLOG"IA, Sph)ignu>rog;i, Sphyg'-
mica Diirtri'iKt, Ars Sphyy'nn'ca, from u^uy^of,
'the i)ulse,' and Xoyos, ' a description.' The doc-
trine of the pulse.
SPIIYOMOMETER, Pulsilegium.
SPIIYtJMOS, Pulsation, Pulse.
SPIlYiiMOSCOPIUM, Pulsilegium.
SPIIYKA, .Malleolus.
SPIIYXrS, Pulsation.
SI'IC, Lavandula Spica.
SPfCA, Fna'cia repeim, Spica hnndarje,
(F. ) }?pi. A bandage so called in eonseciuence
of its soniewhat resembling a npike of barley.
The turns of the bandage cross like the letter V;
— eacii leaving a third of the roller uncovered.
It is distin"'uished into n*c<?H(7)'»,(7 and dencendiiif/.
It may be applied over various parts of the body,
and in a dirt'erent manner in each case : thus,
there is the Spicn sen Fanrin iinjiiiiirt'/iK. Spica ,
iiigiiinn'lii duplex, the spica for the shoulder, h
and another for the thumb. i
Spica, Lavandula Spica — s. Alpina, Valeriana J
Celtica — s. Celtica, A'alcriana Celtic.i -s. Indica,
Nardus Indica — s. Nardi, Kardus Indica.
SPICEliERRY, Gaultberia, Laurus Benzoin.
SPICEIU'SII, Laurus Benzoin.
SPICES, FOUR, see Mvrtus pimenta.
SPICEWOOD, Laurus Benzoin.
SPICILLUM, SpeciUum.
SPIDER, see Aranea; tela.
SPIDER WORT, Liliago, Tradescantia Vir-
ginica.
SPIGELIA, S. Marilandica.
Si'IGe'lia Antiiei/mia, Deniarn'ra Pinkrnot, a
native of South America and the West India
Islands, has properties like the
SflGK'LIAMAniLAN'niOA, <S'. Loiuc"ern,AntheF-
mi(t, Li)uie:"er(i Marilan'dicii, Peren'iiial Worm-
(/rrcss or fiidiini Pink, Coroti'iio Pink, Stnrlloom,
Worniroiit. Nut. Ord. GentianaccEC. Class,
Pentandria. Order, Monogynia. Indigenous. The
root — Spiije/iti (Ph. U. S.) Pinkrool — is celebrated
as an anthelmintic, particularly in cases of lum-
brici.
It is, also, asserted to have been found service-
able in remittent fever. It is a narcotico-acrid.
Dose, gr. X to ^<s,
SPItiNEL, yl<Uhusa meum.
SPIKENARD, Conyza squarrosa, Nardus In-
dica— s. American, Aralia racemosa — s. False,
Smalacina racemosa — s. Small, Aralia nudicaulia
— s. Tree. Anilia, spinosa.
SPILANTHES ACMELLA, Spilanthus ac-
mella.
SPILAN'THUS ACMEL'LA, S. cilia'ta seu
fiinhria'ta, Spilan'then ncutel'la, from o-iriXof, 'a
spot,' nnd ai/3os, 'a flower,' owing to its dotted or
speckled flower, Bidena ocwcUo, Arhmelltt, Ac-
nielln, A. MtinritiiiiKi, Verbeni'na (icmellii. Halm-
leaved Spilnntlnis. Ord. ConipositiB. <,S'e.r. Sysf,
Syngenesia Polygamia ajqualis. This plant pos-
sesses a glutinous, bitter taste, and fragrant smell.
The herb and seed are said to be diuretic and cm-
menagogue. They have been used in dro))sies,
jaundice, fluor albus, and calculous complaints;
given in infusion.
SciLANTHUS, Balm-lkavep, Spilanthus acmel-
la — s. Ciliata, S. acmella — s. Fimbriata, S. ac-
inella.
SiMLANTn'us Olera'ceiis, Spenr-leaved Spi-
lanthnH, (F.) Creninn de /'am. A tincture of the
plant has been recommended in toothaeh.
SPILI, see Najvus.
SPILO.MA, see Nicvus.
SPILOSIS, Epichrosis — s. Ephelis, Ephelides
— s. Poliosis. P(diosis.
SPILSBURY'S ANTISCORBUTIC DROPS.
An empirical preparation, formed of hydrarg.
oxymiir., rod. gentian., cort. anrant. sice, iia 3'j >
antimon. crnd., santnl. riibr. aa 3ij > npiritus vini
recti/., aqnce, aa ,^viij. ^
SPINA, 'a tho'rn ;' Spine, (F.) Epine. A pro-
cess on the surface of a bone, which has been
compared to the spines or thorns on certain vege-
tables. The chief processes of this name are: —
the namil spine, the spine of the scnpnia, the spine
of the ischinni, the fonr iliac spines, the pulnline
spine, the maxillary, the sphenoid, Ac. The spine
of the back is the collection of vertebraj constitu-
ting the vertebral colnmn.
Spina, Penis — s. Acida, Oxyacantha Galeni —
s. iEgyptiaca, see Acacias guinmi — s. Alba,
Carduus marianus, Mospilus oxycantha, Ono-
pordum acanthium — s. Bifida, Ilydrorachis —
s. Cervina. Rhauinus — s. Domestica, Rhaninus
— s. Dorsi, \'<'rtebral column, see Nasus — s. Dorsi
introrsuni Klcxa, Lordosis — s. Ferrea, Pin — s.
Ilclniontii. Aii/nillon — s. Hirci, Astragalus verua
— s. Infeciori.i, Rhamnus — s. Nodosa, Rachitis^
s. Sphenoidalis, Sphenoidal spine.
Spina Vento'sa, Sjjincs venlos'itus, Tere'do,
SPINACH
858
SPIIl.E CEREBRI
Oilni'thioc'tce, Fiiiigiti sen Tumor finign'siiR ar-
1 if' nil, Lii'piit Jiiiicta' i<B. ffi//>eisj>nii'i/i<r, Flatiii
Kpiiiee, Ailhroc'dce, I'cpihirthroc'iice, Siclcrd'lin
Oxiii, (^inicer seu GitnijrcB' ii<i Osiin, JEj'osIo'ki's,
White Swelling (of some). A term of no definite
ineiining. us is obvious from these various words
liavinj; been considered its synonynies. By some,
it is detiiied to be — a disease of tiie osseous sys-
tem, in wiiich the texture of the bone dilates,
seeming to be distended with air, and constitu-
tini^ a variety of osteo-sareoma. By others, it is
considered to be a. tumour arising from an internal
caries of a bone ; occurring most frequently in the
carpus or tarsus. The term itself is a translation
from the Arabic of Rh117.es. See, also, Ilydrar-
thrus. an<l Mollities Ossium.
Spixa Vbhtebhalis, Vertebral column.
SPINACH, Spinacia.
SPINACHIA. Spinacia.
SPINA'CIA, Spinn'chia, Spi'iia'cia olera'cea,
Spin'age, Spinach, (F.) Hpimird. Ord. Cheno-
podiaceas. Sex. Sj/xt. Difxjcia Pentandria. A
plant which resembles the cabbage in its dietetic
jiowcrs. The leaves boiled, with the addition of
oil, form a good emollient cataplasm. It has
Ijcen used in phthisical complaints; but its medi-
cinal properties, if it have any, are not now re-
icarded.
Si'iwciA Oleracea, Spinacia.
Ventositas,
SPIN^E, Spinous processes
Spina ventdsa.
SPINAGE, Spinacia.
SPINAL, Spiijn'/ix, Spiiio'xm, Spin.t'tns, Rn-
chid'iiin, (F.) Epiniere, li<ichidie)i, from spina,
'the spine.' That which relates to the vertebral
column.
Spinal Auteriks, Arterim spinahi, are two in
number, viz : I. The pimterior spina/, Artere me-
diane pDstKiienre da Ruchis, (Ch.) It arises from
the vertebral, near the corpora pyramidalia, and
descends on the posterior surface of the spinal
marrow, distributing its ramifications to it. 2.
The anferii/r spinal arleii/, A. mediane anterieiire,
(Ch.,) is larger than the last, and arises, also, from
the vertebral. It descends, in a scrpeiuine man-
ner, upon the anterior surface of the marrow:
furnishes rainusculi to it, and unites with that of
the opposite side, opposite the foramen magnum
occipitis. A very tortuous braitch arises from
this union, which descends as far as the inferior
extremity of the marrow, to which it sends nume-
rous divisions.
The term Spinal Arteries or Bnchidian Arte-
ries is also given, in the abstract, to all the arte-
ries of the spinal marrow and vertebral canal.
The same may be said of the veins and nerves.
Spinal Cokd, Medulla spinalis.
Spinal Foram'ina, (F.) Trons rachidiens, in
the abstract, are the foramina formed by every
two contiguous vertebrse, through which the spi-
nal nerves issue. See Vertebral. The term Fo-
ra'inen S/)inn'le seu spino'sinn is especiallv ap-
plied, however, to a small foramen, in front of the
spinous process of the sphenoid bone, through
•which the middle artery of the dura mater enters
the cranium. It is, likewise, called Foramen
spheno-spinn'sum, (F.) Tron Spheno-epineiix OU
jjftit rond, Tron epinenx.
Spinal Ganglion, see Encephalon.
Spinal Irkita'tion, Rhaehiahji'tis, Rhachial'-
gia, Neural'gia spiua'lis, Notal'gia. A modern
pathological view, which refers most nervous dis-
eases to irritation of the spinal cord. This irri-
tation is presumed to be indicated by tenderness
on pressure over the spinous process of one or
more vertebras, or over the nerves proceeding
from the cord and distributed to the parts at the
fides of the spine. Such tenderness, however,
by no means indicates the pathological condition
in question, as it is often met with in those en-
.i'O'nS perfect health. The treatment advised is
cupping and counter-irritation on each side of
the spine, which may be beneficial in such dis-
eases, no matter what part of the frame may he
in a morbid ,'tate. by e.\citing a new and revel-
lent impression on a very sensible portion of the
cutaneous surface.
Spinal Nerve, Ac'cessory of the Par ragnm or
8^/1 pair, Acreasory nerve of Willis, Spinal Acrrs.
sorii, Superior res'pirnlori/ A'., Eleventh pair 41/' en-
cephalic nerves. (F.) Spino-eranio-trapfziin, Tra.
chfdo-dorsal (Ch.), arises from the medulla s|)i.
nalis, within the vertebral canal, between the an-
terior and posterior roots of the cervical nerves,
at a greater or less distance from the cranium.
The roots unite to form the nerve, which ascends
into the cranium through the foramen magnum
of the occipital btnie. and issues by the foramen
lacerum posterius, crossing the sterno-cleido-mas-
toideus, to which it gives filaments, and losing
itself entirely on the trapezius muscle. The pncu-
mogastric and spinal accessory nerves together —
nervns vagns cu»i accessn'rin—reifenMo tlie sj>inal
nerves; the former, with its ganglion, being the
posterior root ; the latter, the anterior.
Spinal Nerves, Vertebral nerves — s. Prolon-
gation, Medulla spinalis.
Spinal System op Nerves, see Nerves.
SPINALES COLLI M INGRES, Interspinales
colli — s. et Transversales lumborum, Transvcr-
salis dorsi.
SPINALIS CERVTCIS, Semi-spinalis colli —
s. Colli, Semi-spinalis colli.
Spinalis Dorsi. Spinalis Dorsi major, (F.)
Grand ipinenx dn dos. Winslow calls thus some
fleshy fasciculi, which are situate on the lateral sur-
faces of the spinous processes: from the third dorsal
vertebra to the first or second lumbar: and which
form part of the transvcrso-spinalis of most au-
thors. The same anatomist calls — Spina'lis D^rii
minor. Petit epinenjc du don — some small, fleshy
fibres, situate on each side of the interspinal liga-
ment. They are short, flat, and pass from one
spinous process to the other. Like the preceding,
they form part of the transverso-spinalis. All
these fleshy fasciculi strengthen the vertebral
column.
SPINATI, Interspinales colli.
SPINATUS, Spinal.
SPINDLE TREE, Euonyraus Americanus.
SPINE, Vertebral column — s. Curvature of
the, Gihhositas — s. Hpoinal, Sternum — s. Neural,
Spinous process.
SPINGEL, Anethum.
SPINI-AXOIDO-OCCIPITALTS. Rectus ca-
pitis posticus major — «. Axoido-tracheli-athndien,
Obliquns inferior capitis.
SPINITIS, Mvelitis.
SPINNICK, Nanus.
SPINO-DORSITIS, Myelitis.
SPINOLA, see Hydrorachis.
SPINOSUS, Spinal.
SPINOUS, Spino'sus, (F.) Epinenx, from
spina, ' a thorn.' Having the shape of a spine
or thorn.
Spinous Proc"ksses or Apoph'ysp.s of the
Ver'tehrcB, Acan'lhce, Spines, Cynnl'ophoi, Nenral
Spines of Mr. Owen, (F.) Apophyses fpinensen,
are situate at the posterior part of each vertebra,
and aff'ord attachment to the muscles, whose oflSce
it is to extend the spine. See Vertebra.
SPINTIIEROPIA, Confusio.
SPINULA. Pin.
SPIRAC'ULA, (F.) Spiracnles, from spiro, 'I
breathe,' 'Breathing-holes.' Respiratory pores
of the skin.
SPIR^ CEREBRI, Convolutions, cerehraL
SPIR^A DENUDATA
85 9
SPIRIT
RPIR.EA DENUDATA, S. ulmnria.
Hi'iit/K'A Fii.ii'Kn'dula, Filipeudida, Sarif-
riKj't rubra, Dropwirt, (F.) FUipeiidiile. Ord.
Riisaceio. Sex. Si/nt. losandria Pentagynia.
The rooi; of this plant is said to possess astriugent
anil lithontriptic virtues.
Sl'Ili^-A LoBA'ta, S. Pnlmn'ta, Queen of the
Prin'rle, American Jfeadowsioeet. An oil, resem-
bling oleum gaultheriiE, is obtained from the roots
and steins.
Spikaia Opulifo'lia, Opnlns-leaved Spiraea,
Nine liark, has similar properties.
Spih-ea Palmata, S. lobata.
SPin^EA ToMKSTOSA, Hurdlutrh, Red meadow-
sweet, Steeple bnih, Jtosij bauli, White leaf. The
root of this indigenous species, Spiree'a (Ph.
U. S.), which is abundant in the northern States
of tlie Union, is tonic and astringent; and is
usually adininistered either in the form of ex-
tract or decoction, (SpirmcE ^ss; aqua Oj.)
Si'iRyEA TmPOLiATA, GiUenia trifoliata.
Sl'IlOEA Ulma'riA, S. denuda'to, Ulmaria, U.
ptdtii'tris, liegi'na Pratt, Barba caprce, Bar'bnla
capri'na, Meadow Sweet, Queen of the Jlleadiiwn,
(F.) Ulinaire, Spiree tdmaire, Jieine des Pren,
Viyuelte, Herhe anx Abellles. The leaves have
been recommended as mild astringents and diu-
retics— the flowers as antispasmodics and dia-
phoretics.
SPIRAMENTA PULMONUM, see Pulmo.
SPfKAMKNTUM ANIM.^, Pulmo.
SPIRAMINA PALPEBRARUM, Lachrymal
puncta — s. Pulmonum, see Pulmo.
SPIRATIO, Respiration.
SPIREE ULMAfKE, Spirsea ulmaria.
SPIRIT, Spir'itwi ; from npirare, 'to breathe,
to exhale ;' (F.) Enprit, A/coofat. A name given
to every liquid product of distillation. Spirits
were formerly distinguished into — inflammable,
«c("rf. and alkidine ; and consequently a number
of substances were crowded together, which often
resembled each other in no other property than
in being volatile. The term is now confined to
alcoholic liquors, of which the following are the
chief:
Arrnch. Distilled from coarse palm sugar,
named jaggery, fermented with the bark of the
JIfimosa lencophlea ; also from rice and the fer-
mented juice of the Palm; made in India. Its
varieties are : —
\. Mahwah Arrach. Made in India from the
flowers of the Madhuca tree, Bainia bntyracea.
2. Tuba. Made from palm wine, in the Phi-
lippine Islands.
Araka. Distilled, by the Tartars, from kou-
mis, fermented mares' milk.
Araki. Distilled from dates, by the Egyptians.
Arika. A variety of koumis, distilled from fer-
mented mares' milk, in Tartary and Iceland.
Brandi/. Distilled from wine, figs, peaches, per-
simmon, apple, mulberries, and sometimes other
fruits, in Europe, Asia, North and South Ame-
rica, wherever wine is made. The best brandy
is that of Cognac; the next, that of Bordeaux
and Rochello. The varieties are —
1. Ai/nardienfe, (S.) In Pern, the common
brandy obtained from grapes is the Aguardiente
de Pisco, so called, because shipped at the port
of Pisco. Another kind, much dearer, and of
excellent flavour, is made from Muscatel grapes,
and is called Aguardiente de Italia. It is some-
times seen in the United States.
2. Lau. Made from rice, in Siam.
.3. Rahin. Made in Dalmatia from the husks
of grapes mixed with aromatics.
4. Rasnolio. Made at Dantzic, from a com-
pound of brandy, rossolis, and other plants.
5. Troaler. Made on the Rhine, from the husks
of grapes, fermented with barley and rye.
6. Se/cis-Icai/avoilka. Made from the lees of
wine and fruit at Scio.
Geneva, J/oUauds. (cjenievre, French for juni-
per.) Distilled from malted barley and rye, rc^c-
tificd on juniper berries, in Holland. Its variety
is —
Gin. Made in England, from malted barley,
rye, potatoes; rectified with turpentine.
Goldwaxner. Distilled at Dantzic, from wheat,
barley, and rye, rectified with aniseed, cinnamon,
and other spices.
Kirscliwamier. Distilled from the Malachtb
cherry, in Switzerland.
Murai>chino. Distilled from the Macarska
cherry, at Zara, the capital of Dalmatia.
Rum, (supposed to be derived from the ternn-
nal syllable of the word sacchnrum : but the abo-
riginal Americans call this liquor Rum.) Dis-
tilled, in the West Indies and South America,
from cane-sugar and molasses, and in North
America from maple-sugar. Its variety is —
Slatkaia trava. Made in Kamtschatka, from
a sweet grass.
Show-choo. Distilled, in China, from the lees
of mandarin, a wine made from boiled rice.
Whisky, (supposed to be derived from uxr/iie,
the first two syllables of rmquebayh, the original
name in Ireland.) Distilled, in Scotland and Ire-
land, from malted and raw barley, rye, oats, and
potatoes; and in the south of France, from sloes.
In Ireland it was called huil-ceann. or madness
of the head. The best Scotch whisky is G/eulivet,
the best Irish, Enuishoicen.
Y-yjer-a. Distilled, in the Sandwich Islands,
from the root of the Tee-root, baked, pounded,
and fermented.
To these may be added an intoxicating liquor
made by the AflTghanistans, from ewes' milk;
and that made in Kamtschatka, from a sjiecies
of mushroom, named nmcbumer.
Spirit ov Ammonia, Fktjd, Spiritus aramoniie
foetidus — s. of Ammonia, succinated, Sjiiritus am-
moniac suceinatus- — s. of Aniseed, Spiritus anisi.
Spirit, Bathing, Freeman's, see Linimcntum
saponis compos. — s. Bathing, Jackson's, sec J,ini-
mentum saponis compos. — s. Bezoardic of Bus-
sius, see Biissii spiritus Bezoarticus — s. Bone, Li-
quor volatilis cornu cervi.
Spirit of Burrhus, Burrbi spiritus matricalis
— s. of Camphor, Spiritus Camphorre — s. of Carra-
wa.y, Spiritus carni — s. of Goichicum, ammoni-
ated, Spiritus colehici ammoniafus — s. of Cin-
namon, Spiritus cinnamomi- — s. of Ether, aro-
matic, Spiritus aetheris aromaticus.
Spirit. Fuming, of Begtin, Ammonite sulphure-
tum — s. Fuming, of Boyle, A mmoniaesnlphuretuni.
Spirit of Hartshorn, Li(|uor volatilis cornu
cervi — s. of Horseradish, compound, Spiritus
armoraciae compositus — s. of Juniper, compound,
Spiritus juniperi compositus — s. of Lavender,
Spiritus lavandulae — s. of Lavander, compound,
Spiritus lavandulffi compositus — s. of Mindererus,
Liquor ammoniae acetatis — s. of Nitre, sweet,
Spiritus aetheris nitrici — s. of Nitric ether, Spiri-
tus aetheris nitrici — s. of Pennyroyal, Spiritus
pulegii — s. of Peppermint, Spiritus raenthaj pipe-
ritae— s. of Pimento. Spiritus pimentEC.
Spirit. Proof, Spiritus tenuior — s. Pyroxylic,
Spiritus Pyroxylicus.
Spirit of Rosemary, Spiritus rosinarini — s. of
Salt, Muriaticum acidum — s. of Scurvygrass,
golden, see Spiritus armoracias compositus — s. of
Spearmint, Spiritus menthae viridis — s. of Sul-
phuric ether, Spiritus aetheris sulphnriei — s. of Sul-
I>huric ether, compound, Spiritus a?theris sulphu-
rici compositus — s. of Turpentine, Oleum tere-
binthinae rectiflcatum.
SPIRITS, ANIMAL
800
SriRITUS
Spihit, VF.nniGius, Aceticum aciduin.
Si'iiuT OF ViTiiiOL, Sulphuric iicid — s. of Wine,
Spiritus rectificatus — s. of Wine and camphor,
Spiritus ciiinpliora).
Si'iitiT, Woon, Spiritus Pyrnxvlicus.
SPIRITS, ANIMAL, Nervous fluid.
SPIRITUOUS, Alcoholic.
SPIRITUS, Breath, Life,' Respiration, Si)irit
— s. jEthereus nitrosus, Spiritus atheris nitrici
— s. iEthereus vitriolieus, Spiritus aetheris sul-
phurici.
Spih'iti-s iETHEUis Aromat'icus, jEther Sul-
phu'n'cna emit nlcuhii'le (iroiiiat'iois, Elix'ir vi-
tilo'li diilce, Sweet Elix'ir of Vit'riol, Viij'i'iii's
KILcir of Vilriol, Aromtit'ic Spirit of Ether.
( Oiininm. cort. contus. ,^iij, cnrdnm. sem. contus.
'^ys, piperiK h»igi fruct. cont. , zitigib. rad. con-
cis., sing, ^^j, spiritds astherin mi/phitrie. Oj. Ma-
cerate, for 14 days, in a stopped glass vessel and
strain. Ph. L.) It is used as a stimulant in
nervous aflTeotions. Dose, f^ss to f 3J-
Si'iitiTiis ^THERis CoMPOsiTUS, Spiritus ^the-
ris sulphuriei eompositus — s. ^theris hydro-
clilorici, Spiritus .^theris muriatici.
Spiritus JEtheiiis Muuiati'ci. Sp. JE. Hydro-
chlo'ricl, S]>. Muriat'icus athe' reus, Sp. Snlin diil-
c/«, yElhvr jifiiriat'ictis alcohol' icits, Spirit of hy-
drochloric or muriiitic ether. Dulcified marine
acid. An old preparation, made by adding one
part of iiniriritic acid to three jiarts of rectified
npirit. and distilling. Its action is like that of the
spiritus aetheris nitrici.
Si'iiUTUS ^THKRis Ni'trioi, Sp. .iEtheris ni-
trii'iii sen nitri didcin seu yEthe'reus uitro'sus,
yEther nitriciis alcoolian'tun, A"cidiiiii Nitri diilci-
Jica'tiim, Sweet Spirit of Nitre, Nitre drops. Spirit
(if Nitric Ether, (F.) Ether azoteux alcooline, Li-
qneiir aiiodiiie iiitreuse. (Nitrate of Potasna, in
Cdarse powder, Ibij, Sulphuric acid, ftiss ; tI/co-
/,o/, Oi.xss; Diluted Alcohol, Oj ; Carbonate of Po-
tnsxa, ^'y Mi.\ the nitrate of potassa and the
alcohol in a large glass retort, and having gradu-
nlly poured in the acid, digest with a gentle heat
for two hours; then raise the heat, and distil a
gallon. To the distilled liquor add the diluted
alcohol and carbonate of potassa, and again distil
a gallon. — Ph. U. S.) It is refrigerant, diuretic,
antispasmodic, and diaphoretic. Dose, gtt. xxv
to f^^j. Specific gravity, 0-834.
Spiritus ^thuris Olkosus, Spiritus .^theris
sulphuriei eimipositus, Oleum aethereum.
Spiriti's ^theris Sulphu'rici, jEther Sul-
])huricns cum Alcoho'le, Liquor yEthe'reus Sul-
jihuricns, Spiritus Vitrioli dulcis, S. yEtheria
vitriol' ici. Liquor Sulphuricus alcoolisa'tus. Spirit
of Sulphuric Ether. (jEther. sulphuric. Oss;
sp. rect. Oj. Mi.x. Ph. L.) Stimulant, diapho-
retic, diuretic, and antispasmodic. Dose, f,^ss
to f 3;iij.
Spiritits ^theris Sulphurici Compos'iti's,
(Ph. U. S. 1842), S. (Btheris vitriol'ici eomposi-
tus seu yE'theris cowpositus (Ph. U. S. 1851) seu
Spinlus cBthe' reus olen'sus. Liquor onod'yuus seu
anodyuuH minera'lis ffojf'iuanui, Compound Spirit
of Sulphuric Ether, Hoffmann's Anodyne Liquor,
(F.) Ether hydrique alcoolise. Ether sulfuriqne
alcoolise. Esprit d' Ether sulfuriqne. Liqueur ano-
dine d' Hoffman. ( yEtker Sulphuric. Oss; Alcohol,
Oj; 01. .Ether. f^Wi. Ph. U. S. Ph. L.) Mix.
A stimulaut and antispasmodic. Specific gravity,
0-816.
Spiritus .Btheris Vitriolici Compositus,
Spiritus aetheris sult)huric. comp.
Spiritl-S Ammo'.\I.E, Al'kali ammoni'acum
spirituo'siim, Al'cohol aminouia'tnm, Sp. sails am-
iiioni'aci, Sp. sails ammoui'aci vino'sns seu dulcis
seu dntcifica'tus, Ammoni'aea alcohol isa'ta. Li-
quor ammo'uii vino'sus, L, ammonia: spiritiw'sus,
Li.rir'iiini ammoniaca'le vino'sum, Solu'lin suh-
carbona'tis ammoui'aci spirituo'sa, (F.) Esprit
d'amiuoniaque. (Ainiuon. muriat. in pulv. sub-
tilissim., calris, afi Ibj ; alcohol, f^xx ; aqua,
f.^i.X. The water is employed to slake the lime;
the muriate of ammonia is then well mixed with
it, and by means of heat, the ammonia is made to
pass into the distilled water contained in a quart
bottle. Ph. U. S.) Stimulant and antispas-
modic. Dose, f,!5ss to f 3j.
Spiritus A.mmoni.k Aromat'icps, Alcoh<il nm-
monia'tum aromiiticuin, Spiritus sails roldt'ilis
(ileo'sus seu rolatitis aromaticus seu ammonia coin-
pos'itus, Sal volatile <ileosiim Si/lrii, Tiiiclu'ra
aromatica ammouiata, Liquor oleo'sus Sylrii, Lix-
iv'ium ammoniaca'le aromaticum. Aromatic ammo-
nia'ted Alcohol, Sal volat'ile Drops. [Ammou.
mnriat. ^v; Potass, carb. ^viij ; cinnaiii. cont.,
caryophyll. eont. aa 3U • I^i>i"»>- cort. ,^iv; alco-
hol., aqucB aa, Ov. M. Distil Ovijss. Stimulant.
Dose, f 3ss to fS"
Spiritus Ammo.MjE Compositus, Spiritus aro-
maticus.
Spiritus Ammonite Fce'tidus, Sp. volat'ilia
faetidus, Al'cohol ammonia'tum fveiidnm, Tiiictu'-
ra asafoetida ammouiata, Eelid Spirit of Annno.
nia. Fit Drops. (Amman. muriat. ^x. Potass, curb.
5xvj. Sp. rcrlificat.. Aqua ua Oiij, (Imp. meas.)
Assafwtid. ^v, Distil. Oiij, (Imp. meas.) Mace-
rate for 12 hours, and distil Oiss. Ph. L.) Stimu-
lant and antispasmodic. Dose, f^ss. to f 3J.
Spiritus A.mmoni^ Succina'tur, Sp. Ammo-
nicB cum Suc'cino, Sp. Sails Aminoni'aci luctes'-
ceus seu lactens, Tinciu'ra ammo' nice couipositu,
Ammoni'acum succinu'tum. Aqua Lit'cice, Liquor
ex Ammonia et Oleo Suc'cini, L. ex'citaus, Succi-
iiated Spirit of Ammonia, Common Eau de Luce.
(Mastich. "^Wj, sp. rect. f ^i-^i "/. Lavaud. gtt. xiv,
ol. succin. gtt. iv, liq. ammou. f,^x. Macerate
the mastich in the alcohol, and pour off the clear
tincture: add the rest and shake. Ph. L.) Stimu-
lant and antispasmodic. Dose, gtt. x to f^ss, or
Spiritus Animales, see Nervous fluid.
Spiritus Ani'si, Sp. Anisi compos'itus, Aqnn
auisi for'tis, A. Sem'iuum Auisi composita, Sjtirit
of An'isecd, (F.) Esprit d'uuis. (Auisi sem. cont.
Ihss, spirit tenuior. cong., aqua quod satis sit ad
prohibendum empyreuina. J'h. L.) Carmina-
tive. Dose, f^ss to f,l*s. In the compound
spirit, angelica is usually an ingredient.
Spiritus Anthos, Spiritus rosmarini.
Spiritus ARMoiiA'ci/t': Compos'itus, Sp. Raph'-
ani compositus. Aqua Raphani composita, Com-
pound Spirit of Horseradish, (F.) Esprit de rai-
fort compose. (Armorac. rad. recent, coneis.,
aurant. cort. exsicc, sing, tbj, myrist. nuc. contus.
5SS, spirit, ten. cong., aquop q. s. ad prohibendum
empyreuma. Ph. L.) Simulant and antiscor-
butic. [?] Dose, f^j to f 3iv.
The Golden Spirit of Scurvy r/rass — an em-
pirical preparation — is formed by adding yam-
boije 5^''U> to one gallon of the sp. armoracia
compositus.
Greenouyh's Tincture for the teeth is formed of
amygiL amar. ^\j, lig. liresil., cassi<B bacc., aa
^iv, irid. Floreut. ^ij. eorcinell., sal. acelosell<B,
alum, iia 3J» */>• ^in. rect. Oij, sp. armoracicB comp.
fgss.
Si'iritus Beguinis, Ammonise sulphuretum —
s. Bellidis, see Osmitopsis asteriseoides.
Spiritus Ca.mph'or>e, Sp. Camphora'tus seu
riuo'sus camphoratus, Tiuctu'ra C(tniphor(B (Ph.
U. S.), Spirit of Wine and Camphor, Spirit of
Camphor, (F.) Esprit de Camphre, Aleool camphrS,
Eau de Vie camphree. (Camphor, ^'w, alcohol.
Oij. Dissolve.) Stimulant, anodyne and discu-
tient. Used only externally.
SPIRITUS
861
SPIRITUS
RpiniTUS Car'ui, Sp. Cari Cam!, Aqua Sem'-
iiiiiiii Ciinti fiirliti sou Si-iii'inutii Cttnii, Spirit of
Cai'i-uwni/, SlioiKj V(irit) WaleiH, (F.) Eaprit de
C'lti-vi. (Cariti aem. cont. Ibiss, Sp. leiiitior. cong.,
vqiitB q. ». Distil a Riillon. J'h. L.) Caruiina-
tivo. Dose, C^'i to f^ss.
Spiritiis Cinnamo'mi, Sp. Lnuri Cinnamnmi,
Aqua Cinnainiimi fortia seu Ciniiam. epiritiw'sa,
Spirit of Cin'nunuin, Strong Cinnamon Wa-
ter, (F.) Esprit de Cnnnelle. {Cort. cinnfini. ^v,
up. reel. Oivss.) Stimulant and carminative.
Duse, f 3J to f.^ss.
SpiuiriJS Col'ciiici Ammonia'tus, Tinctu'ra
Colchici Compoa'itd, Ammoniated Spirit of Col-
chicntn, Compound Tincture of Colchicnm. {Sent,
culchic. cont. ^\}, sp. amino)!, urontut'. Oj. Ph. L.)
Narcotic, catliiirtic, and diuretic. Used in gout,
rheumatisui, and dropsy. Dose, from gtt. xxx
to f.^j.
SriitiTUS CoRNU Ceuvi, Liquor volatilis C.C. —
P. Forlior, see Alcohol — s. Fuinans Beguini, Am-
monia) sulphuretum — s. Genitalis, Aura seminis
— s. Jamaicensis, Rum.
Spiritus Junip'eri Compos'itus, ^guat/ioij/j'-
eri compoaita. Compound Spirit of Juniper, (F.)
Esprit de (jenievre compone. (01. jniiip. ^\s, 01.
curiti, 01. fw.nicul., aa ^x ; Alcohol dilut. cong.
Solve. Ph. U. S.) Stimulant and diuretic. Dose,
*'3J t" f§-^^- , ^ o . . .
Spiritus Lauri Cinnamomi, Spiritus cmna-
mumi.
Spiritus Lavan'dul^, Sp. Lnvandnlce spica>.
6eu Lniiand. simplex. Lavender Water, (F.) Esprit
de Lavande. [Lavand. recent. Ibij. Alcohol.
cong., aqucp. Oij. Distil a gallon. Ph. U. S.)
Usually made by adding the oil to rectified spirit.
Used as a perfume chiefly.
Spiritus LAVANnirLvK Compos'itus, Tinctu'ra
Lnraudulo'. eompoxita, Red Hiirtahorn, Larender
drops. Compound Spirit of Lavender, (F.) Exprit
de Lavande compose. (Sp. Larand. Oiij., sp. ros-
viarin. Oj, cinnam. contus. ^}, mi/ristic. cont. ,^ss,
cari/nphijll. cont. ^\j, santali concis. ^''j- Mace-
rate for 14 days, and filter through paper. Ph.
U. S.) Stimulant. Dose, gtt. xl to fgij.
Spiritus Lkthalis, Carbonic acid — s. Lum-
bricorum. Liquor volatilis cornu cervi.
Spiritus Mknth^ Pipkhi't^;, Sp. 3fenth(p, pi-
peril'idis, Aqua MenthcR piperit'idis spirituo'sa,
Spirit of Peppermint, (F.) Esprit de J/enthe
poivrie. [Olei. menth. pip. Qvjss. sp. reetif.
Oivss, aqucB, q. s. Distil a gallon. Ph. L.) Car-
minative and stimulant. Dose, f^ss to fS'ij-
Spiritus Mentha Sativ^, Spiritus menthas
viridis.
Spiritus Mentii.e Vir'idis, Spiritus menthca
S'lti'vcB, Aqua Mentha vuUja'ris spirituo'sa, Spirit
of Spearmint, (F.) Exprit de Menthe vert. {Olei
Menth. virid. Qviss, sp. reetif. Oivss, aq. q. s.
Distil a gallon. Ph. L.) Like the last in pro-
perties and dose.
Spiritus Mili.epedauum, Liquor cornu cervi
— s. Muriaticus aethereus, Spiritus ^Etheris muri-
atiei.
Spiritus Myris'tice, Sp. Myristioce Moscha'-
tm seu Nncia MosehatcF, Aqua Nucis Mosehata seu
Nephrit'icn, Nutmeg Water, (F.) Esprit de Mns-
cade. (Mi/rist. cont. ^ij, Alcohol, dil. cong.,
<iqii(E Oj. Distil a gallon.) Cordial and carmi-
native. Dose, n^j to f^iv.
Spiritus Mvrti Piment.«. Spiritus pimentac
— s. Nitri aciJus, Nitric acid — s. Nitri dulcis,
Spiritus aitheris nitrici — s. Nitri duplex, Nitric
ncid — s. Nitri fumans. Nitric acid — s. Nitri
(ilauberi, Nitric acid— s. Nitri simplex, see Ni-
tric acid — s. Nitri vulgaris, see Nitric ncid — s.
Nucis mo^chatoe, Si)iritus myristicie— s. Ophthal-
Uiicus Mindereri, Liquor ummoniaj acetatis.
Spiritus Pimen'TjE, Sp. Myrti Pimenta seu
Pimento, Aqua Mirab'Hla, S))irit of Pimento,
[01. J'iment. f. g'j. Alcohol, dilut. coDg. Solve.
Ph. U. S.) Cordial and carminative. Dose, f^j
to f !5'v.
Spiritus Pule'gii, Aqua Pulegii spirituo'sa,
Sj/irit if Pennyroyal, Spirituous Pennyroyal Wa-
ter, (F.j Esprit de Pouliot. (Olei pideyii Qvij,
sp. rect. Oivss, aqua, q. s. Distil a gallon. Ph.
L.) Same as spirit of spearmint in properties
and dose.
Spiritus Pyro-aceticus, Acetone.
Spiritus Pyroxyl'icus, Pyroxyl'ic spirit,
Wood spirit, Wood alcohol, Pyrouylic alcohol,
Melhylic alcohol, Hy'drated oxide of metliyle, Bi-
hydrate <f Meth'ylene, {y .) Esj)rit pyrojrylique,
Esprit de hois. This substance is by some sup-
posed to have been the article given in phthisis,
by Dr. Hastings, under the names Naphtha and
Wood Naphtha. It was probably, however, the
Pyro-acetic spirit. See Acetone. When wood
is subjected to destructive distillation, about one
per cent, of an inflammable volatile liquid, along
with other products, passes over, which, when se-
parated and purified, constitutes pyroxylie spirit.
It is given in the same cases and doses as Ace-
tone.
Spiritus Rectifica'tus, Sp. Vini rectifcatus
seu vino'sus rectifieatns, (Enostafma, Q'Jnelce'-
uni, Pyrce'nus, Al'cohol, A. Vini, Spirit of Wine,
(F.) Esprit de Vin reetif e. Rectified spirit is
much used in Pharmacy to dissolve resinous and
other sul)stances. It is seldom exhibited inter-
nally ; although it exists in the diluted state in
all vinous and spirituous liquors. Externally, it
is employed as a discutient. — S. g., according to
the London Pharmacopoeia, 0-838; according to
that of Dublin, 0-840, • of Edinburgh and United
States. 0-835, (see Alcohol,) and of Paris, 0-819
to 0-827.
Spiritus Rector, Aroma — s. Raphani compo-
situs, S|)iritus aruioraciae compositus — s. llorife-
rus, Gaz sanguinis.
Spiritus Rosmari'ni, Sp. Rosmarini officina'-
lis, Sp. Authos, Spirit of liosemary, JJnnyary
Water, (F.) Esprit de Romariu. (01. rosnoiriiii
fgiv, Alcdiol. cong. Solve. Ph. U. S.) Stimu-
lant. Dose, f^j to f 3;iv.
Spiritus Salis Acinus seu Fumaxs, Jluriati-
cum acidum — s. Sali-ammoniaci, S|)iritus am-
monia— s. Salis ammoniaci aquosus. Liquor am-
moniiB — s. Salis ammoniaci lactescens seu lac-
tcus, Spiritus ainnioniai succinatus — s. Salis am-
moniaci sulphuratus, Animoniaa sulphiirotum —
s. Salis dulcis, Spiritus Eutheris muriatici- — s. Salis
Glauberi, .Muriaticum acidum — s. Salis marini,
Muriaticum acidum — s. Salis marini coagniatus,
Potassa; nuirias — s. Salis volatilis oleosus, Spiritus
ainmoniic aroinaticus — s. Sulphurico-ajthereus
caniphorntus, Tinctura letlierea coiiiposita — s.
Sulphurico-itthereus martialis, Tinctura seu Al-
cohol sulphurico-atheieus ferri — s. Sulphuris,
Suli)liurous acid — s. Sulphuris per cami>anam,
Sul])liurous acid — s. Sulphuris volatilis, Ammo-
nia' sulphurctuin — s. Sulphurosus volatilis, Sul-
phur(uis acid.
Spiritus Tknu'ior, Alcohol dilu'tum, Spiritus
vino'sus tenu'ior. Proof Spirit, (F.) Esprit de vin
delaiie. Generally made for pharmaceutical pur-
poses, by mixing equal parts of rectified spirit
and water. S. g. Lond. 0 920 : Edinb. and Uni-
ted States, 0-935. It is employed in the same
cases as those in which the .alcohol is used: —
chiefly, as a solvent of vegetable matters, in the
form of tinctures.
Spiritus Veneris. Aceticura acidum — s. Vini
Gallici, Prandy — s. Vini rectificatus, Spiritus rec-
tificalus — s. Vinosus camphoratus, Spiritus cam-
phorte — s. Vinosus tenuior, Spiritus teuuior — s.
SPIROID CANAL
8 02
SPLENECTOPIA
Vitalis, Nprvous fluid — s. A''itrioli, Sulphuric
(icid — s. Vitrioli acidus Vogleri, Sulphuricum
aciduin dilutum — s. Vitrioli coaguliitus Myn-
siohti, Potitssfp sulphas — s. Vitrioli dulci?, Spi-
ritiis aetheris sulphuric! — s. Vitrioli phlogisticntus,
Sulphurous acid — s. Volatilis aromatieus, Spiritus
ammonia; aromatieus — s. Volatilis foetidus, Spi-
ritus atnnioniip foetidus.
SPIROrD CANAL, Aqujeductus Fallopii.
SPIROM'ETER; a hybrid term, from s^jn-o,
'I breathe,' and ficrpov, 'a measure: — projierly
AnnpiKtin'eter, Pneiiiiini'eter, Piieiimoiit'eter, Piieu-
viatinn'eter, Pttlinom'etcr, Pneiimoiiom'eler. Any
instrument for measuring the quantity of air
concerned in respiration, and, consequently, the
capacity of the lungs. This mode of mcasurc-
luent has been called Sjn'roiu'cfn/, as it was
formerly called Piilmoin'rtri/. Tin: tiTui spiro-
meter is now usually applied to a kind of gaso-
meter introduced by Dr. Hutchinson to estimate
the quantity of air contained in, or, rather, ex-
pelled from the lungs under different circum-
stances.
SPIROPTERA IIOMINIS, see Worms.
SPISSANTIA, Incrassantia.
SPIT, Sputum.
SPITAL, Hospital.
Spit'al, MiNEiiAL Waters of. The village of
Spital is situate on the south side of the Tweed,
near Tweedmouth. The springs there contain
chloride of calcium, sulphate of soda, sulphate
and carbonate of lime. They act as saline
cathartics.
SPITH'AMA, <T~,&uiJi:i, Dodmns. A measure
of twelve fingers' breadth, or about nine inches.
SPITTING, Exspuition.
SPITTLE. Saliva — s. Sweet, see Salivation.
SPLANCHNA, Entrails.
SPLANCHNECTOP'IA, Sp>nncJniod;<,n't„„is,
Situn perver'sHs seu aiiDni'iihi^ intestiito'rum ; from
(r7rXay)(^vov, 'an intestine,' tK, 'out of,' and runoi,
' place.' Misplacement or ectopia of the intes-
tines.
SPLANCHNELMTNTIIA, Worms,
SPLANCHNEURYS'MA, from (TTrXayxi""'. 'an
intestine,' and evpvvu), 'I dilate' Morbid dilata-
tion of the intestines.
SPLANCHNIC, Splrinch',n-c,(x, Vh'cernl, (F.)
l^planchniifiie, from a-K\ay)(yuv, 'a viscus.' Re-
lating or belonging to the viscera.
Splanchnic Cav'itirs are the three great ca-
vities of the body; — those of the cranium, chest,
and abdomen.
Splanchnic Nekves belong to the great sym-
pathetic, and are two in number on each side.
They are distinguished into: — 1. The cp-ent
splanchnic nerve, (F.) Grand siirr^nal (Ch.),
Its roots — four or five in number — come from the
6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, and sometimes the 10th, tho-
racic ganglia. They descend inwards, on the
sides of the vertebral column, beneath the pleura,
and unite into a single trunk, which enters the
abdomen through a separation of the fleshy fibres
of the pillars of the diaphragm ; passes behind
the stomach, and divides into several branches,
which pass into the semilunar ganglion. 2. The
leiner splanchnic nerve, Renal nerve, (F.) Splonch-
iiiqne accessoire of Walther, Petit anrrhial, (Ch.,)
is composed of two distinct branches, proceeding
from the 10th and 11th thoracic ganglia, which
unite on the 12th dorsal vertebra into a cord, that
]iierces the diaphragm singly; enters the abdo-
men, and divides into two branches, one of which
anastomoses with the greater splanchnic nerve,
whilst the other sends its filaments to the renal
and solar plexuses.
Splanch'nica. Medicines adapted to diseases
of the bowels. Also, the 2d order of the class
Caeliacao^ (ino(\; defined, — diseases alTerting the
collatitious viscera, and characterized by dis(]iiiet
or diseased action in the organs auxiliary to the
digestive process, without primary iiiHamination.
SPLANCHNODIASTASIS, Splanchnectopia.
SPLANCHNOD'YNE. from airUyxvov, 'a vis-
cus,' and o^vviu ' pain.' Pain in the bowels.
SPLANCnNO(JRAPII [A, Splanchnography.
SPLANCHNO(J'RAPUY, Sptanchm.ijra'ph;,,,
from (mXayximv, 'a viscus,' and y(in<(ii), 'a descrip-
tion.' The part of anatomy which treats of the
viscera.
SPLANCIINOLITiri'ASIS; from OTrUyxv^v,
'a viscus,' and XiOuy, 'a stone.' The formation
of a calculous concretion in any viscus.
SPLANCHNOL'OGY, Splanchiwlot/'ia, from
oTtXayxvov, 'a viscus,' and Xoyos, 'a disc(jurse.' A
treatise on the viscera : — also. Splanchiun'raphy.
SPLANCHNOPATJII'A, from cnXayx^'ov, 'a
viscus, and ira^oj, 'suffering.' A disease of the
intestines.
SPLANCHNOSCLERO'STS, from cnXayxvov,
'a viscus,' and cKXripos, ' hard.' Induration of a
viscus.
S P L A N C H N 0 T ' 0 M Y, Splam-hnntom'in,
Sphtnchnot'ome, from anXiiyxvav, 'a viscus,' and
TE/iKi), 'I cut.' Dissection or anatomy of the
viscera.
SPLAT-FOOT, see Kyllosis.
SPLAYFOOT, see Kyllosis.
SPLEEN, cTtXrjv, Lien, Hepar sinis'tnim sen
adnUeri'nian, Foines veiitric' uli, 3lilt, (Sc.) Melt,
(F.) Rate. A soft, spongy, parenchymatous
organ ; of a more or less deep violet red, situate
deeply in the left hypochondrium, below the dia-
phragm, above the colon, between the great
tuberosity of the stomach and the cartilages of
the false ribs, and above and anterior to the kid-
ney. Its ordinary length is 4^ inches ; its thick-
ness 2J : and its weight 8 ounces. Its parenchyma,
which is bathed in blood, contains a multitude of
grayish, soft, and semi-transparent granulations
— sjylenic corpuscles or 3[alpi(jhinn Indies of the
spleen. It is covered by a serous membrane,
furnished by the peritoneum ; and by a proper
coat, of a fibrous nature, which is intimately unitcil
with it, and transmits in'o its interior delicate,
solid, and very elastic prolongations — .trabeeidm.
At its inner edge is a fissure, Hilus seu Porta
lie'nis, by which the vessels and nerves enter the
organ. 'The functions of the spleen arc unknown.
The best opinion is, that it appertains to haoma-
tosis, and acts as a diverticulum to the vascular
system.
Spleen, Hypochondriasis — s. Malpighian bo-
dies of the, see Spleen — s. Supernumerary,
Lienculus.
SPLEENWORT, Asplcnium, A. filix fnemina,
Asplenium scolopendrium — s. Bush, Comptonia
aspienifolia.
SPLEN, Spleen.
SPLENAL'GIA, NenraVnia lie'nis, ^ple'nica,
fiiplenodi/n'ia, from splen, and aXyos, ' pain.' Pain
in the spleen.
Splenalgia Bknoalensis, see Cachexia, sple-
nic— s. Phlegmonodea, Splenitis — s. Subinflara-
matoria chronica, Splcnoncus.
SPLENATROPH'IA, Atroph'ia Lie'nis, from
s^ilen, and atrophia, 'atrophy.' Wasting or
atrophy of the spleen.
SPLENAUXE. Splcnoncus.
SPLENECTAMA, Splcnoparectama.
SPLENECTASIS, Splcnoparectama.
SPLENECTOM'IA, Splenec'tome. from sphn,
CK, ' out of,' and rcfivu), ' I cut.' Extirpation of
the spleen.
SPLENECTOP'IA, Disloca'tio seu Ertop'ia
lie'nis seu tplenis, Anomosplenotopie — Plorry ;
from splen, and cktoitos, {ck, and roiroj,) 'out of
SPLENEMPIIRAXIS
8G3
SPONDLES
plnce.' Dislocation of the spleen. Not a common
occurrence.
SPLENKMPHRAX'TS, Sphnophra.v'in, from
ilileii, and en'ppnaau, ' I obstruct.' Obstruction
of the spleen. — Voj;el. See Splenoncus.
SPIiENES. Hypochondriasis.
SPLENET'ICUS, Sple'uicKH, Splenit'ir.tts, Lie-
nn'niig, (F.) liiiteleiijc. That which relates to the
.spleen : one labouring under diseased spleen. A
medicine adapted for diseases of the spleen.
SPLENIC, .S'jjIe'niciiH, Sple'iilun, (F.) Spl^-
vli/ne, from aplen. That which relates to the
spleen.
Splenic Artkry. It arises from theeoeliac;
nnd passes from right to left, forming many
windings iilong the upper edge of the pancreas,
which lodges it in a special groove. It reaches
liie fissure of the spleen, and divides into several
branches that enter the organ. In its course it
furnishes the pancreatic, left gastro-epiploic, and
the vrrsn hreviii.
SpI/Knio Cacukxia, see Cachexia splenica — s.
Corpuscles, see Spleen.
Splenic Plexus is a nervous network, which
proceeds from the cooliac 'plexus, and accompa-
nies the splenic artery, sending secondary plex-
uses to each division.
Splenic Vein, Venn eple'nica, V. liena'lis,
arises from the spleen, and accompanies the sple-
jsic artery ; proceeding from left to right, to unite
with the superior mesenteric vein, and to form,
with it, the abdominal vena porta. In its course,
it receives veins corresponding.to the vasa brevia,
the right and left gastro-epiploic, the duodenal,
pancreatic, coronaria ventriculi, and inferior me-
senteric veins.
SPLENICA, Splenalgia. Also, medicines which
affect the spleen. — Percira.
SPLENICUS, Splencticus, Splenic.
SPLENIOLA, Compress.
SPLENIS TUMOR, Ague cake.
SPLENISA TION, Splenization.
SPLENISCUS, Compress.
SPLENITICUS, Splenic.
SPLENI'TIS, from xplen, and itix, denoting
iMtiammation. Inflammation of the spleen, t^m-
pres'iiin upleniti's, fiijhninnn'tio h'c'iiis, I. aplenin,
S/jleiial'(/i'a phley mono' (lea, Lieni'tis, (F.) Splc-
iiite, IiijlfimmntioH de In Hate. A rare disease,
characterized by local pain, swelling, and heat,
which sometimes terminates by suppuration. It
generally affects the capsule — Epi«ph'ui'tin, Pcr!-
K/jloii'tin — and must be treated like other inflam-
uuitions.
SPLENIUM, Compress — R. Corporis Callosi,
see Corpus callosum — s. Cruciatum, Croix de
jr„lle.
SPLE'NIUS, S. Cnp'itin sen Coll!, (F.) Cervico-
domo-mnHto'idien et dorso-trnrhelieii, Cervico-mas-
li'idien (Ch.), Posterior mn»toid miisr/e. So called
ifom its resemblance to the spleen of certiiin ani-
mal?. A muscle situnte at the posterior part of
the neck, and upper part of the back. It is much
broader above than below, where it terminates in
n point. It is attached, by its inner edge, to the
spinous processes of the first five dorsal vertebrre :
til that of the 7th cervical, and to the inferior part
of the posterior cervical ligament. l?y its upper
extremity, it is attached to the transverse pro-
cesses of the first two cervical vertebrae, to the
mastoid process, and to the posterior surface of
the occipital bone. Some have considered this
muscle to be formed of two portions, which they
have called Splenins colli, and Spleniim cnp'itis.
The splenius extends the head, inclines it, and
rotates it. If the splenii of each side act together,
they extend the head.
SPLENIZA'TION. Splenizatio, Splenificn'tion,
iSjjlenijica'tio, (F.) Spl^niiation, from >:2>leu. A
term applied to the state of the lung in the first or
second stage of pneumonia, in which its tissue re-
sembles that of tlie spleen.
SPLENOCE'IjE, Ifer'iiiii lienn'lis, from epien,
and KTiXri, 'a tumour.' Hernia formed by the
spleen.
SPLENODYNIA, Splenalgia.
SPLENOG'RAPIIY. Splenorjrnph'iu, from
sphn, and YP"<P'l> '* description.' A description
of the spleen.
SPLENOH^E'MIA, (F.) Splenolihnie, from
splen, and 'aifia, ' blood.' Congestion or hyper-
asmia of the spleen, a common phenomenon in
many diseases, especially in typhoid and inter-
mittent fevers.
SPLENOID, Spleno'i' den, Spleno' den, from
aplen, and eiSos, 'resemblance.' Spleen-like.
Having the appearance of the spleen.
SPLENOL'OGY, SpIe»olo,j"ia, from spleu,
and Xoyoi, ' a discourse.' A treatise on the spleen.
SPLEXOMALA'CIA, Lienomaln'ein, from
splen, and itnXaKos, 'soft.' Morbid softening of
the spleen.
SPLENOXCIE, Splenoncus.
^?'L\mO'^'QV^,Me,j<,loxple'nin.H}ipertrf,pli'ln
seu Supernutrit" io kplriils scu lie'nis, Iiituniexcen'-
tin seu In/nrc'tna seu Physco'nia iienis, Splenal'-
(jin 8iil>in/la7Jimiito'ria chroii'ica, Splenemphrnx'ix,
Splenimx'e, Hijpetnphnotroj)h'iit, Lien ingens,
(F.) Splenoueie, Hiipertrophie de la Rote ; from
splen. and oyKo^, ' a tumour.' Tumefaction of tho
spleen. See A^wp cake.
SPLENOPAREC'TAMA, Splenee'fnvin, Sple-
nopnrec' tasiH, Splenec' tnsis, from splen, and
TtapiKTana, 'excessive volume.' Excessive en-
largement of the sideen. — Plonequet.
SPLEXOPARECTASIS, Splcn.iparectama.
RPLENOPIIRAXIA. Splenemphraxis.
SPLEN0RRIIA(}"IA, from sphn, and payv
'rupture' Ilemorrhaarc from the spleen.
SPLENOSCIR'RIIUS, from sj>len. -.^nd a^tppn;,
'hardness.' Scirrhus or cancer of the spleen.
SPLENOT'OMY, Sphnotom'in, Splcnot'ome,
from Hplen, and rt/zvu, 'I cut.' Dissection of the
spleen.
SPLINT, Teut. Splinter, from s p 1 i j t e n,
'to split;' Hnsfel'ld, Ass'ida, Asser'cnlnm, Pla<j'-
vla, Nartliex, Fer'nla, (F.) Attelle, Eelisse. A
flexible and resisting lamina of wood, used in the
treatment of fractures, to keep the fragments in
apposition, and prevent their displacement.
Splints are made of iron, wood, bark of trees,
leather, gutta percha, pasteboard, Ac. They are
generally padded, and are fixed by a roller or by
tapes, according to circumstances.
SPLINTER, (F.) Exqnille. Same etymon.
This term is sometimes applied to a small portion
of wood, which occasionally enters the skin, and
gives occasion to much irritation, until it is re-
moved,— Acu'leus lii/'nens, (F.) £charde.
It is also ayiplied to fragments that separate
frou) ti fractured or diseased bone.
SPLITCLOTII, Lin'tenm svissnm. A bandage
for the head, consisting of a central part, and six
or eight tails. The nimjle split cloth has four
tails. It is regarded as tho most convenient
bandage for the bend, face and jaws.
SPLITROCK, Ileuchera eortusa.
SPOAT, Saliva.
SPODTUM (iR.ECORUM, Album grwcura.
SPOLIARIUM, Apodytcrium.
SPO'LIATIVE, Spoliati'rti, from spniinre, spn-
/la^Kw, ' to take away.' (F.) Spolinlif. Phlebo-
tom'ia spolititi'va. (F.) Snit/iiee spolintive. Blood-
letting, used for the purpose of diminishing the
mass of blood.
SPOLTATORirM, Apodyterium.
SPOXDLES, YertebriE.
SrOXDYLALGIA
8f.4
SPRUCE BEER
SPOXDYLAL'GIA, Sj)n,n1ylody,i'!a, from
(nrofiijAof, ' a vertebra,' and oAyof, 'pain.' Pnin
ill the vertebrae. Cacorrhachitis. See Vertebral
Disease.
.SPONDYLARTHRI'TIS, from orov^vXo;, «a
vertelir.'),' aijOfiov, 'a joint,' and itis, denoting in-
flanjiiiiitioii. Gouty or rheumatic inflammation
of tlie spinal column.
SPONDYLARTIIROCACE, Vertebral disease.
&;PONDYLI, Vertebra;.
SPONDYLIS, Coccyx.
SPONDYLI'TIS, Jiijhimma'tio ver'tebvcB, from
anovivXos, and itis, denoting inflammation. In-
flarnniiition of the vertebrae.
SPONDYLIUM, Coccyx, Ileracleum spondy-
lium.
SPONDYLOCACE, Vertebral disease.
SPONDYLODYNIA, Spondylalgia.
SPONDYLOPATIII'A, from cwovivXoi, 'a ver-
tebra,' and nados, 'a disease.' A disease of the
vertebral column.
SPONDYLOPYOSIS, Vertebral disease.
SPOND'YLUS, aitovbuXoi. A vertebra. Also,
the vertex.
SPONGE, BASTARD, Aloyonium.
SPONGI. The tumefied glands of the neck.
SPON'GIA, S. officina'lis son Mari'na, Spon-
gos, Sphongus, Sponge, (F.) Eponye. An organ-
ized marine substance, of the Class Porifera, met
■with in many seas, but especially in the Medi-
terranean and Arabian. It is supple, elastic,
porous, and capable of absorbing fluids in which
it may be placed, and of thus increasing in size.
It is employed in euryery, for cleansing or wash-
ing; fur absorbing acrid discharges from ulcers;
suppressing hemorrhage when the mouth of the
vessel can be compressed by it, and for forming
tents for dilating wounds ; in which case, the
sponge is immersed in melting wax, and cooled
before being used, It is then called Spoiigia
ceru'td, Wii.red, Cera'ted or Prepared Sponge or
Sponge Tent.
Spongia Assa, S. Usta— s. Cerata, see Spongia
— s. Cynosbati, Bedegar.
Spoxgia Usta, S. Assa, Carho epon'gice, Burnt
Sponge, contains carbonate and phosphate of
lime, carbonate of soda, charcoal, and iodine. It
is used in bronchocele, scrofulous affections, and
herpetic eruptions; and its good effects seem to
lie dependent upon iodine. It is made by cutting
sponge into pieces, and heating it, that any ex-
traneous matter may be separated; burning it in
a close iron vessel until it becomes black and
friable, and, lastly, rubbing it into very fine pow-
der.—Ph. U. S. Dose, 3j to giij.
SPON'GLE LAPIS. A name given to small
friable stones found in sponge, 'i'hey were for-
merly esteemed lithontriptic.
SPONGIODES, Spongoid.
SPONGIOLE, Spon'giolnm, Spon'yiola, Spon-
ge'let ; from a-rroyyiov, 'a small sponge.' The soft
succulent extremity of the fibrils or true roots of
a plant, by which it absorbs or sucks up fluid.
Similar spongioles have been supposed to exist
fit the terminations of the absorbents in animals.
SPON'(jION. Ancient name of an epithem
made of goats' dung: and also of a malagma,
which was considered capable of absorbing the
serum in dropsies, like a sponge. — Paulus, Gor-
raeus.
SPONGIO-PILINE, from xpongia, 'sponge,'
and pilus, 'a hair.' A fabric, composed of sponge
and wool, felted together in three layers, and
coated, on one of its surfaces, with caoutchouc,
which renders it impermeable. It is of great ser-
vice as a cataplasm, fomentation, vehicle for
lotions, liniments, &e.
SPONGIOSUM (OS), Ethmoid bone.
SPONGIOSUS, Spongoid.
SPONGOID, S,wngoi'd<-8, Si>o„gio'd,s, Spov.
glo'sns. Sjxingy, from cnoyyia, 'sponge,' and tiiot,
'resemblance.' Resembling sponge. Of the na-
ture of sponge.
Spongoid Inflammation, Ilicmatodcs fungus.
SpoNGOin TiSSfE, (F.) Tis«n nj/onyo'ide. An
adventitious spongy tissue, found in cases of
rickets. — Guerin.
SPONGOS, Tonsil.
SPONGY, Spongoid.
Spongy Tissue, see Bone.
SPONSA SOLIS. Calendula ofiioinalis.
SPONTA'NEOUS, Spontu'nens, (F.) Spontanfe,
from sponte, 'voluntarily.' That which occurs
of itself, or without any manifest external cause.
Evacuations are termed spontaneons, which are
not produced by medicine. Sponta' neons lus'si-
fiide is that which is not the result of fatigue.
Diseases are also spontaneous which su)ierverie
without apparent cause. Sponla'neous Ampiita'-
tion is the separation of a limb from the fanus in
utero.
Spontaneous Evolution, see Evolution — s.
Version, Evolution, spontaneous.
SPONTEPARITE, Generation, spontaneous.
SPOON, Umbilicus.
SPOONWOOD, Kalmia latifolia, Tilia Ameri-
cana.
SPORAD'IC, Spor'ades, Sporad'iei, Morhi die-
per'si seu sparsi, (F.) Maladies sporadiqnes, from
cTTCtpo), 'I spread.' Diseases which supervene in-
dillerently in every season and situation, from
accidental causes, 'and independently of any epi-
demic or contagious influence.
SPORE, Spor'ule, Sporum, Spor'nbim, from
arrufiu), 'I SOW.' The reproductive body in cryp-
togamous plants, which is analogous to the seed
of phanerogamous plants.
SPORID'IUM ; same etymon. The reproduc-
tive body in algaceous plants, which resembles
the spore of other plants.
SPORULE, Spore.
SPORUM, Spore.
SPOTS, CEREBRAL, Tachea eerehrahs — s.
Germinal, see Molecule — s. Meningitic, Taches
Meniiiyitlqnes.
Spots, Red, (F.) TacJies rouges, Pose spots,
Rose'olce seu Pap'nlcB ti/j/ho'scp. Small red spots
wiiich appear in typhoid fever, from the 8th to
the 15th day of the disease. They are most fre-
quently seen on the lower and middle jiorlioiis of
the chest, and upper part of the abdomen.
Spots, Rose, Spots, red.
SPRAIN, corrupted from strain [?] — Sidihixa'-
tlo, Distor'tio, Dias'tioplie, Diustrem'ma, Lnxa'-
tio imperfec'ta, Exarthre'nia, Exarthro'sis. Strem-
mn, Tlilasma Sireiniint, Wreneh, (Sc.) Wramp,
(Prov.) Kench, Keak, (F.) Detorse, Enton-e, Foit-
Inre. A violent straining or twisting of the soft
parts surrounding the joints. According to tlje
degree of the sprain, the fibrous parts of the joint
may be simply stretched, or they may be rup-
tured. This affection, which has been regarded
as incomplete luxation, occurs, particularly, in
the ginglymoid joints; — as in the loot, wri.-t,
knee, &c. The violence causes an afflux of
blood; the serum of the blood is poured out, and
often the blood itself, owing to the rupture of
vessels ; and inflammation arises, which ends in
resolution or induration. Local, antiiihlogistic
applications are required, with perfect rest; and,
when the inflammatory action has subsided, cohl
pumping and friction, with the applicaiion of a
plaster and bandage, will afford support till the
parts affected recover their due tone.
SPRAT, YELLOW-RILLED, Clupea thryssa.
SPRUCE BEKR, White Spruce Jieer. A beer
made as follows: To 10 gallons of water, add 0
pounds of sugar, and 4 oz. of essence of spruce.
sruiTio
865
STAG MA
Add yeast, and bottle, when rcaJy. It is grate-
ful an<l antiscorbutic.
SiMiDCK Hkcu I'dWDERS may be formed of
white KiiU'ir,^}, and J)ij ; *of/ff. Hiihcdib., gr. xxvj;
entciK-e i,f Hpnice, gr. x, in each blue paper ; and
aciit of tartar, 3ss in each white paper, i'or half
a pint of water.
yPUITIO, Exspnition.
SPUMA AROKNTI, Plumbi oxydum semi-
vitreuiu— s. Cerevisise, Yest— s. Trium dracouum,
Antimimiuiii inuriatura.
SI'rMEUX, Frothy.
SPU.MOSUS, Frothy.
SPUNK, Boletus igniarius.^
SPUR, Sax. rpup, (F.) Eperon des Arlh-ee.
The angle at which the arteries leave a cavity or
trunk.
Rpi'R, Ergot.
SPUllBLIND, Mvopic.
KPUK(;E, CAPER, Euphorbia lathyris — s.
Cypress, Euphorbia Cyparissias — s. Flax, Daphne
gnidium — .s. Flowering, large, Euphorbia corol-
lata — s. Garden, Euphorbia lathyris — s. Greater,
Euphorbia palustris — s. Ipecacuanha, Euphorbia
ipecacuanha.
Spuhge Lauukl, Daphne laureola.
Spuiiok, Maksii, Euphorbia palustris.
Spuikje Olive, Cneorum tricoccum, Daphne
mezereum.
Spurge. Petty, Euphorbfi? peplus — s. Sea,
Euphorbia paralias — s. Spotted, Euphorbia ma-
culata — s. Sun, Euphorbia helioscopia — s. Wart-
yrort, Euphorbia helioscopia.
SPUTA, PRUNE JUICE, pee Prune Juice.
SPUTAMEN, Saliva, Sputum.
SPUTAMENTUM, Saliva, Sputum,
SPUTATIO, Exspuition.
SPUTATJON, Exspuition.
SPUTATORIUS, Expectorant.
SPUTUM, plural S/mta, Apochrem'ma, Chrem-
ma, Eiiiptyn'mn, Spiita'rneit, Pty'elon, I'ljtl/i'ma,
Spit, from xpiiere, sputum, 'to spit.' (F.) Cr<(chat.
The secretions ejected from the mouth in the act
of spitting. It is composed of saliva, and of the
mucus secreted by the mucous membrane of the
nasal fossic and fauces, and often by the mem-
brane of the larynx and bronchia. The sputa
are, sometimes, called eru't/iuous, when of a green-
ish-yellow colour ; g}immy, when they resemble
a thick solution of gum; frothy, (F.) mousseiix,
when covered with froth ; ruhi<j"inous, (F.) rnbl-
gineiix ou roitiUes, when of a reddish-yellow ; and
streaked, (F.) striis, when mixed with lines of
blood. Also, saliva.
Sputum Ckukntum, Hasmoptysis — s. Dulce,
Saccharorrhoea puhnonalis — s. Oris, Salivation —
s. Saccharatum, Saccharorrhoea pulmonalis — s.
Sanguinis. Haemoptysis.
SQUALLING, Vagitus.
SQU.A.AIA, Scale, Squamous portion, Table.
SQUAMA, Scaly diseases.
SQUAMARIA, Plumbago Europcea.
SQIJAMEUX, Squamous.
SQUAMIFORMIS, Squamous.
SQUAMOUS, Squamo'siti', Lepidoi'den, Lepi-
do'des, SqiKunifor'min, Scaly; from squama, 'a
scale.' That which relates to or resembles a scale.
SQUAjrous Portion of the temporal bone, (F.)
Portion iiquamcuHe ou 4caillexise du Temporal, is
the upper part of the temporal, so called from a
fancied resemblance to a scale. See Temporal
Bone.
Squamous Sutitre, Stitn'ra squamo'sn sen men-
do'sa seu lepido'i'dea seu lepido'des seu cra'iiii
tqiiamo'fa, (F.) Suture squameuse ou fcailleuse.
The suture which unites the squamous portion of
the temporal bone to the parietal.
Certain scaly cutaneous affections are also
called squamous, (F.) squameujc. See Scale.
65
SQUARE STALK, Jfnnarda coccinea.
SQUARRA TONDENS. Porrigo decalvans.
SQ( FATTING PILLS, Pilulae opiatae.
SQUAW-MINT, lledeoma.
SQUAW-ROOT, Actoca racemosa, Caulophyl-
lum thalictroides, Senecio aureus.
SQUAW-WEED, Erigeron Philadelphicum.
SQUEAMISIINESS, Fastidium cibi.
St^UEAZlxXESS, Nausea.
SQ UELETTE, Skeleton.
SQUELETTOLOGIE, Skeletology.
SQUILL, Scilla — s. Vinegar of, .\cetum scillae.
SQUILLA, Scilla.
SQUINANCIE, Cynanche, Cynanche tonsil-
laris.
SQUINANCY, COMMON, Cynanche tonsil-
laris.
SQUINANTHIA, Cynanche.
SQUINANTHUS, Juncus odoratus.
SQUINE, Smilax China.
SQUINSY, Cynanche tonsillaris.
SQUINT-EYED, see Strabismus.
SQUINTER, see Strabismus.
SQUINTING, Strabismus.
SQUINZEY, Cynanche tonsillaris.
SQUIltUE, Scirrhus — «. eu Cuirasse, see Lig-
neous.
SQUTRRIIE, Scirrhus.
SQUIRREL CORN, Dieentra Canadensis,
SQUIRREUX, Scirrhous.
SQUinnOGASTRIE, Scirrhogastria.
SQUIRRUS, Scirrhus.
SQUIRT, Syringe.
STACIIELBERG, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Stachelberg Springs are far down in the valley
of the Linth, in Switzerland. The waters are
sulphureous, and are much visited by gouty and
rheumatic invalids.
STAC II YS FffiTIDA, Galeopsis.
STACTE, Myrrha.
STADE, Stage.
STADIUM, Period, Stage.
Sta'dium Acmes seu Sta'seos. The period of
the height of a disease.
Sta'dium Annihilatio'nis seu Convalescen'-
Ti/E seu ReconvalescentIvE. The period of re-
covery from disease.
Stadium Augmen'ti seu Incremejj'ti Morbi.
The period or stage of increase of a di.«ease.
Stadium Caloris, Stage, (hot) — s. Convales-
centias, S. annihilationis.
Stadium Dkcremen'ti. The period or stage
of decrease of a disease.
Stadium Frigoris, Stage, (cold) — s. Inere-
menti Morbi, S. Augmenti morbi — s. Latentis
Contagii, Prodromus — s. Opportunitatis, Prodro-
mus — s. Prodromorum, Prodromus — s. Reconva-
lescentias, S. Annihilationis.
STAFF, (D.) Staf. An instrument of great
importance in lithotomy, — being the director for
the gorget or knife. It is made of steel ; and the
handle is flat and rough, in order that it maj' be
more securely held. The groove is on its convex
surface.
STAFF TREE, CLIMBING, Celastrus scan-
dens.
STAFFA. Stapes.
STAG'S PIZZLE, see Cervus.
STAGE, Sta'dium, (F.) Eslage, Etage, Sinde.
The period or degree of a disease; especially the
period of an intermittent: — as the cold stage, —
sta'dium fri'goris — hot stage, &c.
STAGGERBU'SH, Andromeda mariana.
STAGGERWEED, Delphinium.
STA'GIUM. The sixth part of an ounce.
STAGMA, from otu^uj, 'I distil;' Stulag'ma.
Any distilled liquid or liquor.
Stagma, Gutta.
STAGNATION
8r,6
STARCH
STAGNA'irON, Stngnn'ti'o, from xtngnnre.
sliii/nahim, ' to form a ytorn\,' {nUu/iiiini, 'n pond.')
Accumulation and retardation of fluids in any
p:\rt, of the body.
STAftXUM CIIYLT, Receptaculum chyli.
STAIILIAN. One who follows the doctrine
of Sfnhl.
STAIIL'IANISM. The doctrine of Stahl.
wliieh considered every vital action under the
direction and presidency of the soul. See Ani-
mist.
STALAUMA, Stafrma.
STALAGMI'TIS CAMBOGIOI'DES, S. Cam-
h'l'gia, from oruAuy^of, 'a drop' — the gum ex-
uding by drops. Gamboge was long ascribed to
this funded Ceylonese plant. It is now known,
tliat the name was given by Murray to specimens
of two distinct trees of different genera. See
Catnbofjia.
STALAGMOS, Distillation.
STALK, Urine.
STALTTCUS, Tncarnans.
STAMMERING, Balbuties— s. of the Fingers,
Cramp, writers'.
STAMP, Cachet — s. Medicine, Cachet — s. Ocu-
list. Carhef.
STAMPING MILL, see Pulverization.
STANG. see Throbbing.
STANGOS, Tin.
STANNI MURIAS, Tin, muriate of— s. O.xy-
duli murias. Tin, muriate of — s. Pulvis, see Tin.
STANNIOLUM, Tinfoil.
STANNUM. Tin — s. Cinereiim, Bismuth- s.
Fnliatum, Tinfoil — s. Glaciale, Bismuth — s. Gra-
nulatum. see Tin — s. Indicum, Zincum.
ST APE DIE N. Stapedius.
STAPE'DIUS, StiippR, (F.) Slopedie», Pyrn-
r)iulnl-xt(ipfilipn. A muscle of the middle ear,
vbich draws the stapes obliquely upwards.
STAPES, genitive Stn'pedis, (uto and pen,)
Stripha, Staffa, 'a stirrup.' (F.) Etrier. The
innermost of the small bones of the ear, so called
because it resembles a stirntp. It is situate hori-
zontally in the cavity of the tympanum. Its
bead, which is directed outwards, is articulated
with the OS orbiculare. Its base faces inwards,
and is applied to the fenestra ovalis, which it
closes imperfectly, and to the membrane of which
it is united. Its braiiches are one anterior, and
the other posterior. They are curved; and the
space between them is parabolic. Surgeons have
given the name Stapes to a bandage used in
lileeding from the foot; which forms a figure of 8
around the ankles.
STAPIIA, Stapes.
STAPHTS, Delphinium staphisagria.
STAPIIISAORIA. Delphinium staphisagria.
STAPHfSArORE, Delphinium staphisagria.
STAPHYL^MATO'MA, from ara^vU, 'the
iivnla,' and ha>iiitttnma. A tumour formed by ef-
fusion of blood beneath the mucous membrane
of the uvula.
STAPIIYLAGRA, Staphylepartes.
STAPIIYLE. Uvula, see Vitis vinifera.
STAPHYLEPAR'TES, from <rra<ji.X^, 'the
uvula.' and CTTiiipw, ' I lift up.' Staph' y la (/ra. An
instrument for laying hold of, and removing the
uvula. — Pauliis.
STAPHYLINI, see Azygos muscle — s. Medii,
see Azvffos muscle.
STAPHYLINO-PHARYNGEUS, Palato-pha-
rvnoreus.
" STAPHYLTNUS EXTERNUS, Circumflexus.
STAPIIYLIS, Nipple.
STAPHYLITIS, Uvulitis.
■STAPIIYLTUM, Nipple.
STAPHYLODIALYSIS, Cionis, Staphyloe-
dema.
STAPHYLCEDE'MA, from aTa^v\r,, < the uvula'
and vcileina. Aiu/i'iiii urula'ris, Dtispha'ijia urn-
lo'sa, llijitnsliiph'yte, Hi/pnslaphi/li'lia, Slajihylo-
dial'i/sls, Prolapsus seu Propto'sis sen Casus scvi
(Edema u'vulce, Uimas, I/inanilti'iua, IliiiHiulo'sis,
Staphjilon'cns, Staplii/loii'cid, Produt'lio uvula: d
pitui'td, U'l'uhi decid'ua seu rvlaxa'ta, I'ras'-
pedou. Relaxation and tumefaction of the uvula,
which, either from inflammation or infiltration,
hangs down so as to occasion difficult deglu-
tition, cough, &o. Scarification, astringent gar-
gles, and, if necessary, excision, constitute the
treatment.
STAPIIYLO'MA, from aTu(jiv\rt, 'a grape.'
Ui^a'tio, J/yoceph'(doH, My'iocvpli'alum, Pamji'sia
Stajyiiyltt'nia, Staphylo'sis, J'olygro'jiia. A name
given to different tumours of the anterior surface
of the globe of the eye.
Staphyloma Conicum, Staphyloma of the cor-
nea— s. Pellucidum conicum. Staphyloma of the
cornea.
Staphvloma of the Cornea, Sugar-loaf Cor-
nea or Con'ical Cornea, Cou'icalhydrophthal'mia,
Staphylo'ma con'icnm seu pellu'cidum con'icum,
Conophthal'mia, Prolnp'su^ cor'nea:, Ceratou'ciis,
Hypercerato'sis, Hypcrcer'asis, is an unequal,
embossed, bluish or whitish, round or conical
tumour; of variable size; formed by the projection
of the transparent cornea, which is sometimes
extenuated and distended, at others thickened.
Staphyloma of the Ikis is the disease de-
scribed by Scarpa under the name l^rocidentia
Iridis. It is hernia of the iris, through an acci-
dental opening of the cornea. Also, iridnuxesis.
Staphyloma of the Sclep.ot'ic, Stajihylotna
sclerot'icce, differs from the last, in the prominence
existing on a part of the eye covered by the scle-
rotic, which is much thinner.
Staphyloma Uve^i;, Iridauxcsis.
STAPIIYLONCIA, Staphyloedema.
STAPH YLONCUS, Staphyla-dema.
STAPH YLOPLAS ' TIC, Staphyloplas ' licus,
from cTa^vXr), ' the uvula,' and nXaaau), ' 1 form.'
An epithet applied to the operation for rej)lacing
the soft palate, when it has been lost. Slaph'yio-
plasty, Paratojjlasty, a word of hybrid formation,
is the operation for closing the palatine vault.
STAPHYLOR'RAPIIY, Velosyuth'esis, Sta-
jthylorrha'phia, Kiouorrha'phia, Uionorrhaph'ia,
Uranor' rhaphe, Uranorrha'pliia, Uraniscorrha'-
phia, Uraniscor'rhaphe, from araipii'St], ' the uvu-
la,' and pa(pri, 'a suture.' The ojjeraiion for uni-
ting a cleft palate. It consists in paring the edges
of the cleft; passing ligatures through them, aud
bringing them together.
STAPHYLOSIS, Staphyloma.
STAPHYLOT'OMY, Staphyloiom'ia, from ara-
01 X>;, 'the uvula,' and ro/ji;, 'incision.' Amputa-
tion of the uvula.
STAR APPLE, BROAD-LEAVED, Chryso-
phyllum cainito — s. Blazing, Aletris fariuosa — s.
Bloom, Spigelia Marilandica — s. Grass, Aletria
farinosa, Ilypoxys erecta.
Stau, Knap-weed, Centaurea caleitrapa.
Stau op the North, Geum urbanum.
Star Stroke, Coup-de-suleil — s. Wort, Aletris
farinosa — s. Wort, golden, Bubonium — s. Wort,
water, Callitriche vcrna.
STARBECK SPA. A chalybeate spring at
Harrogate.
STARCH, Sax. )"capc, 'rigid, stiff,' Amylum.
Starch, Animal, Corpora amylacea — s. Blue,
Smalt — s. Canna, Tous-les-mois.
Starch Corpuscles, Corpora amylacea.
Starch, Iodide of, lod'idum seu lodure'tum
Am'yii, Am'ylum ioda'lum, (F.) lodure d'Amidon ;
prepared by triturating iodine and starch, is said
to have the eutrophic eflfccts of iodine; but, by
some, is esteemed inert. Dose, four to six grains.
STARKEY'S PILLS
867
STEGNOTICA
Stauch, Potato, gee Solanum tuberosum.
Rtauch Sugar, Glucose.
Starch, Tacca, Arrowroot, Tahiti.
STARKEY'S PILLS, see Pilulae ex helleboro
et inyrrhS.
S'i'ASE, Stasis.
STASIS, CTaais, from arau), '1 stop,' (F.) Stase.
Thi.f word has ncnrly the same signification as
stiignation. Stagnation, however, sometimes in-
cluiies a morbid condition of the fluids, — Stasis
never.
Stasis, Station.
STATE MEDICINE, Medicine, state.
STATIC. Statical, Staticua, (F.) Statique.
Same etymon. An epithet api)lied to the physi-
cal phenomena presented by organized bodies in
contradistinction to the organic or vital.
STAT'ICA SEPTI NA'RIUM, Appen'dix cu-
Id'iieii uppti nn'riiini. The cutaneous appendage
to the septum narium.
STATICA_L, Static.
STAT'ICE CAROLINIA'NA, of the United
Stntes, (arariKog, ' restraining,') Amer'icaii or Sea-
al'ln Thrift, Marsh RoHc'mary, Jlarxh Root, Iiik-
r<i'>t, Sea Lavender, Ord. Plumbaginaceie, is con-
sidered to be a mere variety of the Statiee limo-
nium. The root is the Statiee — (Ph. U. S.).
Stat'icIo LiMo'NUUf, S. Mfitrit'imuiii, Belien ru-
hniiii, Limo'iiiitni, L. tiiajna seu viil</a're, Beheii,
Jli'hinen Ackmar, Sea Lav'eiidcr, Red Beheii,jlfarsh
RoHemanj, Lavender Thrift, (F.) Behen rouge,
Ramarin den marais, Lavande triate ou de mer.
The roots have been esteemed astringent, tonic,
and eminently antiseptic.
Statick"Maritimum, S. limonium — s. Vulgare,
S. limonium.
STA'TION, Stn'tin, Stasis, Status, from stare,
stalHiii, 'to stand.' The act of standing.
STA'TIONARY, Stationa'rius, {¥.) Stntion-
vaire. Same etymon. A name given by Syden-
hiiui and Stoll to certain diseases, which depend
upon a particular state of the atmosphere; and
which prevail in a district for a certain number
of years, and then give w.iy to others.
STATIS'TICS, MEDICAL, Vital Statistics,
Biostnt'ics, (Status, 'astute,') (F.) Stalistiqiie me-
dlcnle. That part of medicine which relates to
diHails — medico-statistical — connected with the
mortality, salubrity, &c., of different countries
and situations.
It has, also, been used in a wider sense to sig-
nify the same as Numerical method, (F.) Jfethode
tiiimirique ; which is applied to the systemization
of medical facts, or to the use of numb-ers in the
investigation of disease.
Statistics, Vital. Statistics, medical.
STATURE, Statn'ra, ifeg'ethos, Magnitti'do
cor'poris, from sto, statuin, 'to stand.' The height
of the human figure. The following table exhibits
the results of several admeasurements, with the
hoi.:hts of some of the monkey species, on the
authority of Mr. Lawrence.
.staturr.
Feet. In.
All Englishman -i to
(5 00
f5 4
An Englishwoman < to
^ (5 GO
European male skeleton 5 8
Do. 5 5
A Negro at the Lunatic Hospital, Liver- | g ^^^
pool J
Another from Virginia 5 5i
Another from the Gold Coast r> 8
Another ^ 0°
stature.
Feet. In.
Negro skeleton 4 i]
Another 5 71
A Lascar 5 4
Venus de Medici 5 00
Tyson's Chimpans6(.SVw;a 7'/-oy/o(/y(e«) 2 2
Mr. Abel's Orang Otang 2 7
Camper's Do less than 30
Mr. White's Monkey 2 2
STATUS, Acme — s. Cruditatis, Crudity — s.
Erethiticus, Nervous diathesis — s. Gastricus, En)-
burras gastrique — s. Nervosus, Nervous diathesis
— s. Parturiendi, Parturition— s. Sthenicus, Sthe-
nia — s. Verminosus, Helminthiasis.
STAVESACRE, Delphinium staphisagria.
STAXIS, (Tr«|if, Apoatax'is. A slight epistaxis
or nasal hemorrhage. — Hippocrates.
STEAM-DOCTOR. A term applied to one
who treats all or most diseases by steam.
STEAR, see Fat, Sevum.
STEAEATi:, Emplastrum.
STEARIN, see Fat.
STEARIN UM CETACEUM, Cetaceum.
STEAROLE, Pomatum — ». SoUde, Emplas-
trum. ,
STEAROSIS. Steatosis.
S T E A R R II (E ' A, Steatorrhce'a, Seborrhce'a,
Sehorrhaij" ia, Sinegiiiatorrhoe'a, Smegiiiorrhce'a,
Fliixns scba'ceiis, Seba'ceous Flux, from arcap,
' suet,' and pto), ' I flow.' Augmentation of secre-
tion from the sebaceous follicles of the skin.
Stkaiueikea Ni'giucans. a term used by Dr.
Neligan, of Dublin, for a black discoloration of
the face, observed in young females affected with
derangement of the catamenia, and which, in his
opinion, is owing to a dark secretion from the cu-
taneous sebaceous glands.
STEATITES, Polysarcia.
STEATOCE'LE, from arcap, areaToi, 'suet,' and
KrjXri, 'a tumour.' A tumour formed by a collec-
tion of steatomatous matter in the scrotum.
STEATO'MA, Tumor lar'deus, from ariap,
aTiaros, 'suet.' Sera'tio, Emphy'ma eiictjs'tis
steatoma. An encysted tumour, whose contents
are similar to fat.
STEATOP'YGA, from artap, arearoi, 'fat,' and
TTuyj;, ' buttocks.' Buttock-hump. E'lt buttocks;
such as exist in the Hottentot female.
STEATORRIKEA, Stcarrhoea.
STEATO'SIS, Stcaro'sis. Fatty degeneration
of a part, or unusual deposition and accumulation
of fat in its adipose tissue.
Steato'sis CoiiniS, Degeuera't to ad ipo'sa cordis,
Cardiethmolipo'sis and Oardiomyolipo'sis (Pior-
ry). Fatty heart. Unusual deposition of fat on
the heart: — by some presumed to be occasionally
a true adipous degeneration of the substance of
the heart.
Steatosis Hepatica, Adiposis hepatica.
STEATOZOON FOLLICULORUM, Acarus
FoUiculorum.
STEEL, Chalvbs.
Sl'EEP. Rennet.
STEEPLE-BUSH, Spirwa tomentosa.
STEER'S OPODELDOCH, see Opodeldoch,
Steer's.
STEGMONTH, see Parturient.
STEGANOP'ODES, eTtyavoTio&a, Plaulp'edes.
They who have flat feet, or are web-footed, from
dTiynvo^, ' covered,' and tovs, ' foot.'
STEGNO'SIS. Steuo'sis, Coustipa'tio. Stipa'tio,
Coudeiisa'tio, Olistruc'tio, from ffrtyvum, 'I con-
strict.' Constriction or narrowness of the pores
and vessels. Stricture. Constipation. Suppression
of the evacuations. See Arctatio.
STEGNOTICA, Astringents.
STEIROSIS
8 G 8 STERNO-CLEIDO-MASTOIDEUS
STETROSTS, Sterilitas.
STKLENGIS, Stridor dentium. ,
STELLA, F'lit'cia ste/la'ta, (F.) EtoUe. A ban-
dage, improperly compared to a star, because it
is crossed like the letter X. This bandage is ap-
plied upon one or both shoulders. In the first
case, it is called simple ; in the second, double.
It was employed in fractures of the sternum,
clavicle, and scapula; in luxations of the hume-
rus. <tc.
Stki,i,a TerRjE, Plantago eoronopus.
STELLARIA MEDIA, Alsine media— s. Scil-
la. SciUa.
STELLATA RUPINA, Centaurea c.alcitrapa.
STELL'UL^ VERIIEYEN'II, {Stella, 'a star,'
stel'liilii, ' a little star,') Siihutan'tia stcl'lata ner-
peiiti'iKi seu radin'tn, Ellt/ch'iiio. A stelliform
plexus of veins at the surface of the kidney, which
give? oriscin to the interlobular veins.
STELOrillTIS, Osteocolla.
STEN'A(}MUS, Suspirium.
STHNAXIS, Suspiritim.
STKXIA, Sthenia.
STENICUS, Active.
STENOBREGMATE, see Cranium.
STENOCARDIA, Angina pectoris, Cardioste-
rosis.
STENOCnO'RIA, StenncTiori'aois, from CTCvoi,
'narrow,' and x*^?"' 'space.' Angustia. Em-
])loyed by some for contraction of the vagina.
Stkn'ochohia Intkstini Rkcti, Stricture of the
rectum — s. (E--nphngi, Dysphagia constricta.
STEXOMYCTE'RIA, from cTcioi, 'narrow,'
and ixvKTrip, 'nose.' Contraction of the nasal
passages.
STEXOSIS, Stcgnosis.
STENOSTEGNOSIS, Stenostenosis.
STENOSTENO'SIS, Sfcnosteyno'sh, from Ste-
7>o, and (Tr£va)ffif, ' contraction.' OliKtrue'tio diic-
tfls Stcnouiii' ni. Narrowness or contraction of
the diu-t of Stcno.
STENOSTOM'IA, from cTt.voi. 'narrow,' and
cToua. ' inouth.' Contraction of the mouth.
STEXOTIIORA'CES, from crcvoi, 'narrow,'
and ^woiif, &ii)paKos, 'the chest.' They who have
narrow chests.
STENTOROPHO'NUS, from ^tcvto>p, Slenlor,
a Greek of powerful voice in the army before
Troy ; and ^ui/17, ' voice.' One who has a strong
voice.
STEl'IIANE, Crown.
STEPHENS, MRS., REMEDY FOR THE
STONE. This consisted of lime, prepared by
calcining the shells of eggs and snails, made into
pills with soap. A decoction was, also, adminis-
tered, consisting of chamomile, fennel, parsley,
and burdock, with a portion of Alicant soap. Its
virtues were dependent upon the lime and the
tonic properties of the decoction. Hales, Hartley,
Kirkpatrick, Lobb, and others, wrote in favour
of this nostrum ; and it was ultimatclj' bought by
the P)i-itish parliament for £5000— about $25,000.
STEPHENSIA ELON(}ATA, Matico.
STEPMOTHER'S BLESSING, HangnaiL
STERA, Uterus.
STERCORA'CEOUS. Stercora'ntta, Diaclo-
ret'icuK. Ster'cnral, from stercns, stercon's, 'dung.'
Feenl, Facal, (F.) Stereornire, Stercoral.
The French use the term Fixtulea stercoraires
for thn«o which are kept up by the constant pas-
sage of fecal ox stercorii'ceons matter. The name
Stercoraires is sometimes given, in derision, to
those physicians who are fond of purging their
patients : d posien'ori has been similarly used.
STERnORAriiE, Stercor.nceous.
STERCUS, Excrement, Fimus — s. Anseris,
Fimus anseris — s. Caninum album. Album Grre-
••uin— s. Diaboli, Asafoetida — s. Equi non castrati,
Fimus.
Steucus Huma'num, Ilonicrda. Human c.t-
crement.
Stkrcus JjACEriT^, Crocodilia.
STEREOCYST'I.S, from arcpioi, 'hard,' and
KvoTii, 'cyst.' A hard encysted tumour.
STEREOS, Solid.
STE'REOSCOPE, Sterenscop'inm, from ortptof,
'solid,' and a/coirtu), 'I view.' A physical insini.
ment by means of which plane pictures of an oh.
ject arc made on each retina, and so blended 113
to appear as one in relief. Also, an instrument fur
detecting a calculus in the bladder, and foreign
bodies in the soft parts. It resembles a eonimun
catheter, having an expanded free extremity.
STEREOT'ICA, from (rr^ws, ' hard.' Fortui-
tous lesions or deformitios affecting the hiud
parts. The 2d order, class Ti/cJiica of Good.
STER'ILE, Sler'ilii, A'gonos, Aph'oriis, Aph-
or'iciis, Abhmt'ea, Iiifecun'dnn, Barren, (F.)
Sie-ile. Same etymon as Sterilitas. Not pro-
ducing fruit; infecund.
STERILIS, Sterile.
STERIL'ITAS, A,jon'ia, Steiro'fii, Sitro'Hh,
Ayemie'sia, Af/eniie'nis, Iiifeciin'ditait, SterU'ily,
Acye'sin, Jiar' renvenn, Iii/eciiii'diti/, Aplm'riti,
Atec'nia, Aloc'itt, from crtf/pos, or artpioi, ' liiird,
barren.' Quality of that which is barren. Ste-
rility may be absolute or relative. The forn^er
depends upon some vicious conformation of the
genital organs, apparent or concealed, and occa-
sionally admits of cure. Sterility is relative \xhQ\\
a female does not conceive with one individual,
but does with another. Sterility in females is
often dependent upon a condition of the uterus
characterized by membranous menstruation.
STERNAD, see Sternal.
STERNAL, Steriia'lis, from sternum, 'the
breast bone.' Relating or appertaining to the
sternum or breast bone.
Stkunal Aspkct. The aspect of the body
where the sternum is situate. — Barclay. Slcniud
is used by the same writer adverbially to signify
towards the sternal aspect.
STERNALGIA, Angina pectoris.
STERNO, in composition, belonging, or re-
lating to, the sternum or breast bone.
STERNO-CLAVIC'ULAR, Steruo-clavieuh,'.
ris. That which relates to the sternum and clavicle.
STEitNo-CLAVic'uLAii A utrmla'tion is the
union of the inner extremity of the clavicle with
a round facette at each side of the superior ex-
tremity of the sternum. In this articulation
there are, besides the incrusting cartihiges, two
radiated slenio-claviciilar, (F.) Stenio-elaviiu-
laires rayoiniees ; owe anterior, and one posterior
— an inter-clrtvicnlar ligament extending between
the two clavicles, and two synovial capsules, se-
parated by an inter-nrticnlar Jihro-cartilat/e. The
costo-clavicul;ir lignment may also be considered
to belong to this articulation.
STKRNO-CLA VIO-MASTO'lDIFX, Sterno-
cleido-mastoideus — s. Cleido-hyoidcus, Sterno-
hyoideus.
STERNO-CLEIDO BRACHIALIS, Pectoralis
major.
STERNO-CLEIDO-MASTOIDEUS, Stemo-
mastoideus, Clcido-miistotdeiis, Masto'idens, M.
anterior, Nula'tor cap'itis; (F.) Stenio-clavio-
maato'idien, Stcrno-mastoidien ; from arcjivov, ' the
sternum,' k\us, 'the clavicle,' and fiuarus, 'the
mastoid process.' A muscle situate at the ante-
rior and lateral part of the neck. It is long and
flattened: simple, above; and divided into two
portions below; where it is inserted into the
anterior and superior part of the sternum, and
the inner quarter of the clavicle. Above, it ti'r-
minates at the mastoid process, which it cmbraics,
at the neighbouring part of the temporal lionc,
I and at the outer third of the upper curved liue
STERXO- COSTAL
860
STIIENOrYPvA
of the occipital bone. It carries the head
forward ; inclines, and rotates it to one side.
Wlien ViDth contract, they bend the head directly
forward.-i.
STEllNO-CO^TAL. Triangularis sterni — ».
C'iKto-cliioui-humf.rtd, Pectoralis major — «. Hii-
mirid, Pectoralis major.
STEllNO-IIYOiDEUS, Sten,o.cIe!do-h,/»nle-
t«i, ,Steni()-lii/<)'iden, ffi/t/ides pn'iiina ; from artpvov,
'the .oternuni,' and 'uauirn, 'the os hyoides.' A
muscle sitiinte at the anterior part of the neck;
inserted, above, at the inferior edge of the body
of the hyoid bone; below, into the upper part
of the posterior surface of the sternum ; — at the
po.^terior part of tlie sterno-clavicular articula-
tion, and sometimes into the cartilage of the first
rib. It depresses the os hyoides.
S T Ell NO- M ASTO iUIEN, Sterno-cleido-
mastoidcus — «. Pnbien, Rectus abdominis.
STKRNO-TIIYROIDKUS, Slemo-thyroideo,
liiiiii'ihliin. A muscle, situate at the anterior
pjirt of the neck. It is attached, above, to the
oblique line seen on the outer surface of the thy-
roid cartilage: and terminates, below, at the
upper part of the posterior surface of the sternum,
sind the cartilage of the second rib. When it
contracts, it depresses the thyroid cartilage and
os hyoides by the medium of the thyro-hyoid
membrane.
STERNODYNIA, sec Storaatodynia — s. Kyn-
copalis, Angina pectoris — s. Syncoptica et Pal-
pitans, Angina pectoris.
STERNO-OMPHALODYMIA, see Somato-
dymia.
STRRNOPA'GIA, from arepvov, 'the bre.ast
bone,' and zayia, ' I fasten.' A monstrous union
of foetuses, in which they are attached at the
sternum.
STERNUM, Slenion, from areppo;, 'solid;'
PectiiH, Os asuer seu pec'ton's seu sripho'idea seu
(jhidi'iili seu ensifur'me. Scutum cordis seu piec'-
toriH, Brenut Botie, Ho'.nial Spine of Owen. An
a/ygous symmetrical bone, situate at the fore-
part of the chest. It is flat; broad above; nar-
rower in the middle; and terminates, below, by
a pointed cartilage — the xiphoid. It has an
Kiiterior or cutdne.oun sitrface, a poxferior or me-
diitKtiixd — a aitpfrior or c/oricidar extremity, and
nn inferior or nbdomiiial. It is articulated with
the clavicles and the seven upper ribs on each
side, by means of their cartilages. According to
lidclard, it is formed of six principal bones, which
he names, from their pnsition, 1. Primi-aternal or
cliivi-KteriKil: 2. Diio-atental : .S. Tri-nternnl : 4.
Qiiarti -sternal : 5. Qniiiti - sternal : 6. Ultimi-
sternal or ensi-sternid.
STKKXUMEXTUM, Sneezing.
RTERNUTAiMEXTORIA. Achillea ptarmica.
STERNUTAMENTUM, Sneezing.
STERXUTATIO, Sneezing.
STEliNUTA rOlUE. Sternutatory.
STER'NUTATORY. Stemutato'rins, from sler-
tnitnre, sternntntnm, 'to sneeze.' Sternutnmen'tum,
Errhi'num, Ptiir'micnm. Anarrhi'nnm, (F.) Sler-
iiittnloire. A sul)stance which provokes sneezing;
ns tobacco. Ac. — See Errhine.
STERTEUR, Stertor.
STERTOR, Ronchis or Rhonehns, Renehus,
Rliencns, (F.) Sterteur, Ron/lenient, from stertere,
'to snore.' The deep snoring which accompanies
inspiration in some diseases, particularly in apo-
J'lcxy. Such respiration is said to be ster'torons,
(F.) Stertoreux ; Respira'tio stertuo'sa seu ater-
trns seu stertoro'sn,
STERTOROITS, see Stertor.
STETII.'F/MIA, Iliiperff'mid Pnlmo'num seu
Pec'toris, Con<jex'tlo Pulmonum seu Pectoris, (F.)
Huperimie ou Congestion dca Poumons ; from
orrjSof, 'the chest,' and 'aifia, 'blood.' Hyperac-
mia of the lungs. Congestion or accumulation
of l)lood in the pulmonary vessels.
STETIIOCATII ARSIS, Expectoration.
STETIIOCHYSIS, Ilydrothorax.
STETIIODESjMIS, Corset.
STETIIODESMIUM, Corset.
STETllODESMUS, Corset.
STETHOM'ETER, from arr,eoi, 'the chest,'
and jiirpov, 'measure.' An instrument, proposed
by Dr. llichard Quain, for measuring the extent
of movement of the walls of the chest, as a means
of diagnosis in thoracic diseases. It consists of
a flat case, not unlike a watch-case, having on its
upper surface a graduated dial and index, which
is acted on by a simple mechanism. A silk cord,
long enough to surround one-half the chest,
passes through an aperture in the case. The dial
is graduated into fifty equal parts, each of which
represents the l-200th of an inch. In using the
instrument, the dial is placed firmly against the
spine, and the point of the tape over the sternum,
or at any other spot according to the part to be
examined. The extension of the string, as indi-
cated by the dial, shows the amount of elasticity
of the parietes of the thorax.
Under the name Tlioravom'eter, Dr. Sibson has
described an instrument of his invention, which
is employed with a similar view as the stethometer
of Dr. Quain. — Med. Chir. Transact., vol. xxxi.
STETIIOPARAL'YSIS, Paral'ysia nerro'rnm
tliorii'cia, phrcnicornm, &c. ; from arrjdof, 'the
chest,' and nnpaXvca, ' paralj-sis.' Palsy of the
muscles of the chest.
STETIIORRIIEUMA, Pleurodynia.
STETirOSCOPE, Stetlioscop'ium, Stethoa'eo-
pum, Echoscop'ium, PnopJi<Jtn'eter, Tliornenscop'-
inm, from arridug, 'the chest,' and aKorriui. "I exa-
mine.' An instrument invented by Laennec, of
Paris, for exploring the chest. The stethoscope,
sometimes called Peetoriloque, is a cylinder of
wood, from four inches to a foot hmg; pierced
through and through by a longitudinal canal
about a quarter of an inch in diameter. The
longer are generally composed of two portions,
that fit together hy means of a screw, one of
which is hollowed at the extremity, in the shape
of a funnel. These two portions being screwed
to each other, the physician lays hold of the in-
strument, ns he would of a pen, puts the funnel-
shaped extremity on the chest of the patient, and
applies his ear to the other. To explore the pul-
sations of the heart, the funnel is plugged up by
a piece of the same kind of wood accurately
adapted to it, and pierced by a canal of the same
width as that in the body of the instrument.
Stethoscopes are sometimes flexible, like the
flexible ear-trumpet.
This mode of examining aff"ections of the chest,
Steth'oscnpy, Sle.lhoscop'in, &c., is what Laennec
terms Anscidtnlion viedinte, Ifedinte Ansotltation.
STETHOSCOPIA, see Auscultation, and Ste-
thoscope.
STETIIOSCOP'IC, Siethoscop'icus, (F.) St(tho.
seopique. Same etymon as Stethoscope. Fur-
nished by stethoscopy or auscultation, — as a
' efelhosropic sign.'
STETHOSCOPY, see Stethoscope.
STETIIUS, Thorax.
STEW. Stove.
STHENI'.A., Steni'a, DintJi'esis stheu'icn, Sin-
tiis sthen'iciis. Vis nurta, from a&cvos, 'strength,'
'power.' Excess of strength ; excitement of the
organic actions. A word used, especially by the
Brunonians, as well as Asthenia, — its antitheton.
Sthenic or dynamic diseases are such as depend
upon excessive excitement.
STHENICUS, Active.
STIIENOPYllA, Synucha.
STIBI
870
STO:\IACII
STIBT, Antimoniiira.
STIP.IALIS. Anti.noninl.
STIB'IALISM, iStibin/is'mu/i, from stihiiiw,
' aiitiiiKiny.' The nggregate phenomena produced
l)y iintimonials, ivhen given in large quantities : —
antiinoniiil intoxication or poisoning.
8TIBIATUS TARTRIS LIXIVIA, Antimo-
ninni tartarizatum.
STIBII BUTYRUM, Antimoniutn muriatum
- — s. Deuto-murias subliniatus, Antimoniuni inu-
liatuin — s. et Potassae deuto-tartras, Antinionium
tiutarizatuin — s. Il3'drosulpliuretuni rubruni, An-
timonii sulptiuretutu ruhruin- — s. Oxidum acido
niuriatico oxjgenato paratuin, Algarotb — s. Oxi-
ilum album mediante nitro confcctum, Antirao-
iiium diaphoreticnm — s. Oxidum prsecipitando
j>aratum, Algaroth — s. Oxodes album, Antimo-
iiium diaphoreticum — s. Oxodes sulphuretum,
Antiinonii sulphuretum praH'ipitatum — s. Oxydi
.^^uljjhurati hydro-sulphurctum luteum, Antinionii
sulphuretum praecipitatum — s. Oxydulati sulphu-
retum, Antiinonii sulphuretum prsecipitatum — s.
Oxydulum vitreatum, Antimonii vitrum — s. Oxy-
(lum semivitreum, Antimonii vitrum— s. Oxyduin
sulphuratum, Oxydum stibii sulphuratum — s.
Subhydrosulphas, Antimonii sulphuretum rubrum
— s. Submurias prajcipifando paratum, Algaroth
— s. Pulphurati hydrusul)iliuretum rubrum, An-
timonii sulphuretum rubrum — s. Sulphuretum
nigrum, Antimonium — s. Vitrum, Antimonii
vitrum.
STIBTO-DERMIC, see TTnguentum antimonii.
STIBIOSUM HYDROSULPIHRETUM
CUM SULPIIURE, Antimonii sulphuretum
praecipitatum — s. Oxidum, Antimonium diaphore-
ticum.
STIBIUM, Antimonium.
STICIIAS ARABICA, Lavendula stoechas.
STICKWORT, A-rimonv.
STICTA PULMONACEA, Lichen pulmo-
narius.
STIFF JOINT, MUSCULAR, Contractura.
StiI'-p Joints. Milk sickness.
STIFFNEfK, Torticollis.
STIGMA. Cieatricula.
STIGMATA, see Nrevus. The breathing pores
of insects are so called.
Stig'mata Ovario'rum, Cicatri'ces Ovnriu'rnm.
The cicatrices left in the ovary after the escape
of ova.
STILBOMA, Cosmetic.
STILL, Alembic.
STILLA. Gutta.
STILLATIO SANGUINIS E NARIBUS,
Epistaxis.
STILLBORN, (F.) Mort-ne. Born still or
lifeless, — dead born.
STILLICID'IUM, SiiUtiVhim, from gtilla, 'a
drop.' This term is often used synonymously with
Sirnnqiiry. It means the flow of any fluid — par-
ticularly the urine — drop by drop. Also a kind
of embrocation, Stillicid'lnnt xupra partetti, effected
by dropping a liquid upon a part.
STii-LioiniiiM Lacrymat!um, Epiphora — s. Na-
rium. Coryza — s. Sanguinis e naribus, Epistaxis
— s. Supra partem, see Stillicidium.
STILLIN'GIA, S. 61/hat'icn, Qiieen'ii Boot,
Queen's delir/ht, Ynw roat, ilar'cnry, Coclcup tint.
An indigenous plant, which grows in pine bar-
rens, from Virginia to Florida. >Sex. Sy^t. Mo-
iioecia Monadelphia. J\^<tt. Orel. Euphorbiaceae.
The root — StiUiiif/in, Ph. U. S. — is said to be
used in syphilis, obstinate cutaneous affections,
<fec., like sarsaparilla.
STIMATO'SrS, Stymntnxh, Ha:morr'hag"in
Prnii. Stiinintorrhng"in, Ph<iJlorrl)aij"in, ConJor-
rlnii/"i<i, from aTvyia, ' priapism,' itself from orvtiv,
'to erect.' Hemurrhago from the male organ,
accompanied or not with priapism.
STIM^TT, Antimonium.
STIM'ULANT, .Slini'iilaim, E.r'cilanii, Iii'ri-
tann, liicetitl'cum, Ii-ri'taim, Excl'tiuit, Iiivi'tdiit,
Hyj>erst/ieu')c, /'yicloyeiiet' ic, from utimiildi-r, ' lo
goad.' A medicine which has the power of ex-
citing the organic action of the difTercnt systems
of the economy. Some stimulants are (Hji'imihlr,
— that is, have a prompt but temporary action;
others are peimaiient or pemiKliiit. The nctimi
of stimulants is called Stimuht'tiim, S'.imvhi'iin,
Iucit<i'tin.
The chief stimulants are the following: .('F.iIiit
Sulphuricu.<, Ammonia, Asafd'tida, I'.rucia, Caiii-
phora. Capsicum, Castorcum, Ciiinan]ouiuin, Co-
paiba, Cubeba, Guaiacum, Ilydrargyri Privpn-
rata, lodinium, Nux Vomica, Olea Essentialia,
Opium (in small dose), Pii)er. Sinapis, Strychnia,
Zingilier, — Alcohol, Caloric, Electricity, Mental
Emotions, (the Impetu(Uis.)
STIM'ULUS, 'a goad.' hicitan>cn'tum, In-i.
tn'meii, [rn'tnmoi'tiiiii, Poten'tici Ini'taun. Any
thinir wliich excites the animal economy.
STINE, Ilordcdum.
STINK rOKE,Dracontium fa-tidum— s. Weed,
Chenopodiuin anthelminticum, Datura stramo-
nium, I'olanisia graveolens.
STIPATIO, Stcgno.^is.
S'liPATio Tv.hA': Cui-niLo'SiE Infant'um. In-
duration of the cellular tissue of children.
STIROSIS, Sterilitas.
STITCH, same root as «/iVZ', Sax. jrician. (G.)
stecken. (Sc.) Slonnd, (Prov.) J)h<j, (F.) P„h,t,
(L.) /'iiticluiii ; (from piiiii/rrc, piitictKni, 'to prick
or sting.') An acute lancinating pain, like that
produced by the puncture of a sharp needle.
Stitch, Common, Suture, common — s. Royal,
see Suture — s. in the Side, Pleurodynia.
STIZGLOBITTM, Dolichos pruriens.
STLEXGIS. Stridor dentium.
STOBiE'A RUBRICAU'LIS. A South Afri-
can plant, A"at. Oid. CompositaD. A tincture of
the bruised roots is diuretic, and of great service
in gravel.
STOCKING, LACED, (F.) Pns lass^. A ban-
dage used by surgeons, which consists of a stock-
ing made of firm cloth or dog-skin, admitting of
being tightly laced anteriorly. It is employed
in varices and ulcers of the legs.
STCKCIIAS ARABICA. Lavendula stoechas.
STCECHIOL'OGY, StacJ,{oloy"ia, {F.)Stachi-
olof/ie; from aroix^iov, 'element,' and ^oyos, 'a
discourse.' A treatise, or the theory, of elements ;
hence of the elementary parts of organized sub-
stances.
STOICIIEION, Element.
STOMA. Mouj_h.
STOMAC'ACE, St/matne'ace, Stomal' gia, La-
bristd'ciiini, Cheilnc'iice, Uloc'iice, Cheilomnhi'-
cin, Stomalono'ma, StoiKdlrinecro'nis, Cancer Orlo,
Canker, from arofja, 'the mouth,' and KixKoi,
'evil.' Foetor of the mouth with a bloody dis-
charge from the gums. (F.) Cancer aqnalique ;
see Cancer Aquaticus. Also, Scurvy.
Stomacape, Porphyra nautica — s. Gangrseno-
sum, Cancer aquaticus — s. Universale, Purpura
haemorrhagica.
STOJItACAL, Stomachal.
STOMACALGIA, Cardialgia.
STOJIACH, Stoni'achns, Yentric'vhia. Nedy,
Anncijc'Ha, Gaatcr, Ghitlu'patens, Jl/air,, (of ani-
mals,) (Sc.) ify^e, /'ccAwH, (Prov.) War!go)i,(T.)
Exlomac, from oTofia, ' a mouth.' One of the
principal organs of digestion. It is a musculo-
merabranous reservoir; continuous, on the one
side, with the oesophagus; on the other, with the
duodenum. It is situate beneath the diaphragtn,
between the liver and the sydeen ; and occupies
the epigastrium and a part of the left liypochon-
drium. In it the food is converted into chyme.
STOMACHAL
871
STOMATO-GASTRIC
Whon viewcil externally, the stomach has. 1. An
onteriiir fiic.e, which looks a little upwards. 2.
An iiifiiior /'ice, directed downwards. 3. An
iii/crlur or calic nmrr/in, which is conve.^ and ex-
tensive, and is called the :jrK<it<;i- ciirvatiire, (F.)
Orund cdiirhitre. It gives origin to the omentum
inajus. 4. A miperior or di<iphrn(jmntie. mnrr/iti,
which is .shorter, concave, and is called the Uxner
curviititre, (F.) /'<tit coiirbure. The lesser omen-
tum is attached to this. 5. A h/t or a'si)p/ia(/eii/
orifice, called, also, the cnrdia. Oh veiih-ic'iili or
upper urlfice. 6. A riijht or iiiteatlnaljUr Inferior
orifice, called the jii/iorKH. 7. A considerable
dilatation, situate to tlie left of the cardia and
greater curvature — the great tnheroHilij or
yrent cul-ile-n<tc or fiiniliis of the Htoiiuich ;
and, 8. A less extensive dilatation, situate
1o the rij^ht of the greater curvature, — the
leUHcr tubcrdsily or IcHncr cid-dc-n'ic. Antrum
J'ljln'ri. The inner surface of the stomach is of
a reddish-white colour, and has a marbled ap-
pearance. It is constantly covered by thick mu-
cus, and is lined by a mucous membrane, which
presents numerous wrinlcles. Tlie parietes of
the stomach consist of three membranes in super-
position. The outermost is serous, and is an ex-
tension of the peritoneum. The middle coat is
muHcular, — some of its fibres running longitudi-
nally ; others, transversely, and others oldiqucly.
The innermost membrane is of a mucous nature,
Cnisl't villv'sa veiitric' iili, Gnstro-nijc.od'eriH, but
not exactly a continuation of the membrane that
lines the oesophagus. The mucous and muscu-
lar meiribrancs form, at the pylorus, a valve,
called the I'l/lorie valve. These three coats are
united by a dense, close, areolar membrane; and,
between the mucous and muscular coats, along
the two curvatures especially, is a quantity of
muciparous glands, called G/aiidn of Drimtier.
The arteries of the stomach are very numerous,
and proceed from the coronaria ventriculi, the
pyloric, splenic, and right and left gastro-epiploie.
The veins have the same name, and pursue the
finme course as the arteries. They pour their
blood into the trunk of the vena porta. Its lym-
phatic vessels are very numerous, and pass into
ganglia, situate along the two curvatures. The
nerves of the stomach proceed from the pneumo-
gastric, and three divisions of the cceliac plexus.
Stomach Cell, see Favulus — s. Disease, Li-
mosis.
Stomach, First, Ingluvies.
Stomach Pump, Oantren'chytn, AntU'a gnu'-
trica, (F.) Poiiipe pour I'eiitamnc. A useful in-
strument for conveying fluids to the stomach,
when deglutition is impracticable, and for pump-
ing out the contents of that organ. It consists
of a forcing syringe, to the bottom and nozzle of
which flexible tubes can be attached. AVhen the
object is to force fluids into the stomach, the
stomach-tube must be attached to the nozzle, and
passed down the throat, — the tube connected
with the bottom of the syringe being placed in
the fluid to be injected. To empty the stomach,
the stomach-tube must be attached to the bottom
of the instrument. This instrument has been of
preat service where poisons have been taken.
The antidote, when any exists, and is at hand,
should be administered immediately prior to its
use.
The stomach pump was first employed in
America by Dr. Physick, in the year 1812.
Stomach, SECOxn. Proventriculus — s. Sick,
Milk sickness s. Third, Ventriculus callosus.
Stomach Titbk, see Tube, oesophageal.
STOM'ACII.\L, Stoniarh'ic, Stiimach'ical, Cnr-
di'ncii. Stomach' ii-iii, Stoniacha'lii, Viscern'lix,
(P ) Stoiiiacal, .'<lo,iiachi'}iie. That which belongs
tu the stomach ; that which is good for the sto-
mach ; which strengthens the stomach. A me-
dicine that gives tone to the stomach.
STO.MACIIALGIA. Cardialgia.
STOiMAClII RE.SOLUTIO, Dyspepsia.
STOMACHIC, Stomachal.
STOMACIIICAL, Stomachal.
STOMA Of/ /QUE, Stomachal.
STOM'ACIIUS, from cto^u, 'mouth.' This
word has been used in several dift'ercnt accepta-
tions ; for examjile, for the oesophagus, for the
cardiac orifice of the stomach, (see Cardia.) and
for the stomach itself. Hippocrates calls the neck
of the bladder oTo/in;^o5 Kuorfajj; and the neck of
the uterus rrn /irjTpai aTOfia^f^os.
STOiM.AL'GIA, Slomatal'i/ia, Sfoniatddi/ii'ia,
from cTOfia, ' mouth,' and uAyos, ' pain.' Pain in
the mouth.
STO.M'APYRA, Aphthre— s. Aphtha, Aphtha.
STOMATALGIA, Stomalgia.
STOMATKL'CIA, Stnmatclco'nis ; from aro/ia,
cToyiaTui, ' the mouth,' and 'cXko;, ' an ulcer.' Ul-
ceration of the mouth.
STOAIAT'IA, Stomatopnthi'a ; from aroiia,
aroft'iroi. 'the mouth.' Disease of the mouth.
iSTOMAT'IC, Sliiviat'icKH.fvom aTOjin, aroiiaToi,
'mouth.' A medicine used in diseases, &c., of
the mouth. Dentifrices, masticatories, &e., are
stoinatics.
STOMATITE APHTHEUSE, Stomatitis,
aphthous — «. CharbdtDieuiie, Cancer aquaticus —
». Cintenneuse, Stomatitis, pseudo-membranous — -
s. CremeiiHe piiltacee. Aphthae — s. FoUicidext^e,
Stomatitis, aphthous — «. Gatif/rcneime, Cancer
aquaticus — «. J/erciirielle, see Salivation, mercu-
rial;— 8. I'lcercKne, Stomatitis, aphthous.
STOMATI'TIS, from croixa, aTo/xnTOi, 'the
mouth,' and itit, denoting inflammation. (F.)
IiifiaiiiiiKition de la Boitche; Inflammation of the
mouth.
Stomatitis, AriiTHons, .?. /o?/('c'i(^(r or ul'ce-
roiis, Em'jihltjsin Apjhtha, A. Adidto' rum, (F.)
Stumatite, S. nphtheii.se ou fulliciileniie ou ulcf-
reuxe. An inflammation of the follicles of the
mouth, constituting the ajihtlias of the adult,
which is generally accompanied by ce[)halic, gas-
tric, and general disturbance. It may be either
discrete or confluent, and requires general and
local treatment, ailapted to the case.
Stomatitis, Euvthem'atous. Simple inflam-
mation of the mouth.
Stomatiti.s, Exsudativa, Aphthre — s. Follicu-
lar, S. aphthous — s. (Jangrenous, Cancer aquati-
ons— s. Materna, Stomatitis of nursing women.
Stomatitis, Mkuct'uial, S. mcrcnria'Ua, Hy-
drari/i/rontom'atia, Ifi/drart/i/roslomnti'tis. In-
flamiiiation of the mouth induced by mercury.
Stomatitis op Nuhsing-women, S. Xiitri'cmu
seu l\later'na, appears to be a variety of S. aph-
thous.
Stomatitis Nutricum, Stomatitis of nursing-
women.
Stomatitis, Pseudomrm'branous, (F.) Stoma-
tite couoiueiine, DiphthSrite biiccale, P^eudo-mem-
hranoim iufiammation of the month; — in its
worst form", Stomati/phiis, (F.) Fegarite. Inflam-
mation of the mouth accompanied by the exuda-
tion of a false membrane, — a disease which is
rarely seen except in large foundling establish-
ments.
Stomatitis, Ulckhous, S. aphthous — s. Vesi-
culosa infantum, Aphtha?.
STOMATOCACE, Stomacace.
STOMATODYNIA, Stomalgia.
STOMATO - GASTRIC, Sio'mnto-gas'tricn",
Stonio-fjaHtric, Stomn-rfoa'triciio, from aroixa, aru-
narog, ' the mouth,' and yaanip, ' the stomach.'
Appertaining to the mouth and stomach, — as the
, siomato-i/astric ganglia of the lower animals. See
I Eucephalon and Nerves.
STOMATOMALACIA PUTllIDA
872
STRANGULATION
STOMATOMALACIA PUTRIDA, Cancer
a'Hiaticus.
STOMATONECROSIS, Cancer aquaticus, Sto-
niaciic'i'.
STOMATONOMA, Stomacace.
STOxMATOPA'NUS, from aro^a, aroiiaTOi, ' the
mouth,' and jravo;, 'a glandular tumour.' »SVo-
miitdpliy'tna yldiuliilusuni, Poiikh Fan'cium. Tu-
nieliution of the irlands of the mouth.
STUMATOPllY'MA, from arojia, arofjiarog, 'the
mouth,' and ipv/ia, ' a swelling.' A swelling in
the mouth.
iStomatophyma Glandulosum, Stomatopanus.
STO.MATOPLAS'TIC, Stomtitoplas'ticux ; from
oTOfja, aTO/xaTos, ' the mouth,' atid nXaaau), ' I form.'
An epithet for the operation of forming a mouth,
where the aperture has been contracted from anj'
cause. Stiim((t<ipliin'ti/.
STOMATOKKIIAG'TA, Stomatorrhce'a, Hcb-
iiion-hfiy"ia oris se\i /(iii'ciiim, Sun'yninis projlti'-
7 ill in ex Ore, Ilmmorrhoi'des Grin, Sloiiiftto'sis,
Stiimorrhmf'ia, (P.) Heinorrliayie huccale, from
cTcjia, aronaroi, ' the mouth,' and priyvv^ii, ' I break
our.' llemorrha.se from the mouth.
Stomatourhagia Alvkolokum, Phatnorrha-
gia — s. Gingivarum, Ulorrhagisi.
STOMATOHRIKEA, Stomatorrhagia.
STOM ATOSCOPE, from arufia, OTOfiarog,
' mouth,' and oKontot, ' I view.' Any instrument
for keeping the mouth open, so as to permit the
Jiiirts within to be inspected ; Speculum oris.
STOMATOSEPSrS, Cancer aquaticus.
STOMATOSIS, Stomatorrhagia.
STOMATOSPASMUS, Tri.smus.
STOMATYPllUS, Stomatitis, pseudomembra-
nous.
STOMENCEPIIALUS, Storaocephalus.
STOMOCEPH'ALUS, Stomenceph'alns, (F.)
SiDiiiorepliale, Sloiiieucephiile ; from aToynt,
'mouth,' and Kcipu^rj, 'head.' A genus of mon-
.sters, having two contiguous eyes, or a double eye
occu])ying the median line ; the nasal apparatus
atrophied and forming a tube (tronipe) ; the jaws
rudimcntal ; and the mouth imperfect or want-
ing.— I. G. St. Ililaire.
STOMOMANICON, Platysma myoides.
STOMOKHHAGIA, Stomatorrhagia.
STONE IN THE BLADDER, Calculi, vesical
— s. Binder, Osteocolla — s. Crop, Seduin — s.
Crop, biting, Sedum — s. Mint, Cunila mariana —
s. Pock. Acrie — s. Root, Collinsonia Canadensis.
STONES, THE, Testes.
STOOL, Dejectio.
Stool, Calomul, see Calomel.
STORAX, Styrax — s. Liquida, Liquidambar
htvrMciflua.
"STOREY'S WORM CAKES. An empirical
jjreparation, formed oi calomel "^j, j'tlnp ^], zin-
<j'h. ^ij, sacch. ^j, cinnnh. antim. q. s. to colour
tliom : Ki/rup. simpl. q. s. to make into cakes.
STORKBILL, Geranium maculatum.
STOUND. Stitch.
STOVE, jE»tui,'rhim, Stuphn. Old French, Es-
tuve ; a iStew, (F.) Etuve. A limited space, warm-
ed artificially, and in which the air is slowly re-
newed. It is used for drying various substances,
as plants, e.'ctracts, conserves, &c., or for taking
vapour baths. In this case, the steio or stove is
said to be iret or humid ; in the opposite case, it
is said to be dri/, (F.) niche. The latter, which
is used by the Turks, is the Lacou'icuin or C<ili-
dn'rium of the Romans. The former is their
Tcpidd'riiim or Vopora'riiim. These kinds of
baths greatly excite the cutaneous transpiration ;
and arc valuable agents in rheumatic and other
affections.
STRABF, see Strabismus.
STRABILISMOS. Strabismus.
STRABIS'MUS, Strabilin' mos, Parop'ais Sira-
binmiin, from oTija()oi, ' twisted,' 'one who squints;'
SlriilioH'itiin, Loxophthid'niiin, DiHlor'niii. Lii/ciliis,
I/lu'xia, Ilo'siii, J/elti'niii, S'luiiiliui/, C'ri^tH ci/e,
(Prov.) Doyle, Gleciiiy, (Sc.) SIcclUe, SLcil;,, (h\)
Strubisiiie, Vue louche, Louchemeut. Want of
concordance of the optic axes. It may be de-
pendent upon natural or acquired incipiality in
the action of the motor muscles of the eye; on a
convulsive state of one of those muscles; a dif-
ference in the sensibility of the two eyes; or a
cerebral affection. In the treatment, if the dis-
ease seem to depend upon an excess of strength
in one of the motor muscles, we must endeavour
to give tone to that which is too weak, by |)laeing
before the eye a mask having a small aperture
on the side to which it is necessary to direct the
pupil; or by wearing glasses, provided with a
piece of looking-glass, on the side to which the
eye is vitiously turned; so that the relioction
may be inconvenient, and occasion the organ to
be turned in an ojiposite direction ; or by putting
a black patch on the angle ofjposite to that to
which the eye is turned. If owing to weakness,
the organ must be strengthened by being ex-
erted alone, and by leaving the other at rest.
If the disease be symptomatic of cerebral affec-
tion, attention must, of course, be directed to the
latter.
Strabismus may be niiKjle, or affect one eye
only, or double, and it may be convenjent or di-
vert/eut.
Those affeeted with Strabismus are called Stra-
bi, -Strubo'nes, Strabn'iii, Strebli, Illi, fWidea,
Si/uiiit'ern, Squint-eyed, (Sc.) Gleyed, (F.) Lmichen,
/lii/les. A slight deviation is generally called a
Ciixt in the Eye, and, sometimes, a Cock-eye.
Strabismus, Convergknt, see Strabismus — s.
Divergent, see Strabismus — s. Double, see Stra-
bismus— s. Single, see Strabismus.
STRA BONES, see Strabismus.
STRABONL see Strabismus.
STRABOSITAS, Strabismus.
STRABOT'OMY, Str,ibotom'ia,_ from arpa^os,
'one who squints,' and to/xi;, 'incision.' The
operation for the removal of squinting by the
division of the muscle or muscles that distort the
eye-ball.
STRAE-DEATII, see Death.
STRAIN, Sprain.
STRAIN, colore, (F.) couler, from oTpayytiv,
HtriiKjere, (F.) entreindre, 'to constrict or squeeze.'
To y)ass decoctions, infusions, &c., forcibly through
linen ; also, to exert an effort. This is accom-
plished by fixing firmly the parts where the mus-
cles to be exerted originate, in order that their
full power may be developed.
STRAINING, Nisus.
STRAITS OF THE PELVIS, see Pelvis.
STRAMOIXE, Datura stramonium.
STRAMONIA, Datura stramonium.
STRAMONIUM, Datura stramonium— s. Foe-
tidum. Datura stramonium — s. Majus album, Da-
tura stramonium — s. Spiiiosum, Datura stramo-
nium— s. Vulgatuni, Datura stramonium.
STRAN(tAL'IDE8. from a^Hiyyw. 'I com-
press.' Small, hiird tumours, which form, as in
the breast when the milk does not find issue.
STRANGALION, Tubercle.
STRANG ALII^, Tubercle.
STRAN(iALLSM US, Strangulation.
STRANGERS' FEVER, see Fever, strangers'.
STRANG ULATIO, Orthopnea, Strangulation
— s. Uterina, Angone. — s. Vnlvsr, Ilvsteria.
STRANGULA'TION, Stmngnlxj lio, Piiir,
Pnii/'mot, Stroiiijiilis'muH, (F.) Elrrnir/letnent,
Strauguliition. From arpuyyia. 'I constrict or
squeeze.' State of a part too closely constricted.
Thus we say that there is stranyiddlivn of an in-
STRANGULATOR
873
STROPHULUS
testinal hernia, when the opening that gives pas-
sage to the portion of protruded inte.-tine eon-
triicts, so as to intercept the continuity of the
digestive cimal. In L<'cj„l Medicine, it means the
forcible obstruction of the air passages, by a
ligature or by the hand, for criminal purposes.
See Suffocation.
STRAN(JULATOR, see Lycoides.
STRANOURIA, Enuresis— s. Cruenta, Cystor-
rhagia.
STltAXaURIE, Strangury — ?. Menstriielle,
Dysrneiiorrh(«!i.
STRANUU'RIOUS ; same etymon as the next.
Aflecled with, or of tiie nature of, strangury.
STRAN'(JURY, Stranyn'ria, Parii'ria stilla-
ti'tiii, from arpayyetv, 'to squeeze,' and ovpov,
'urine:' Di/iu'ria, Uri'itm Sti/licid'ium seu ^ub-
alil'/itin, (F.) Strdiit/nrie. Extreme difficulty in
evacuating the urine, which issues only drop by
drop, iiud is accompanied with heat, pain, tenes-
mus lit tlie neck of the bladder, Ac. See Ischuria,
and Retention.
STRAPPIXt}, WATER, see Water- dressing
— s. Wet. see Water-dressing.
STRATHPEFFER, MINERAL WATERS
OF. A sulphuretted water, at Strathpeffer, a few
miles west from Dingwall, in Ross-shire, Scot-
land. It contains sulphate of soda, sulphate of
lime, cliloridc of sodium, sulphate of magnesia,
and sulpho-hydric acid.
STRATIOTES, Achillea millefolium.
STRATLT.M RACILLATUM, see Tunica Ja-
cobi— s. Corneum, Epidermis — s. Malpighii, Cor-
pus mucosum — s. Pigmenti, see Choroid — s. Pro-
ligeruin, Proligerous disc.
STRAWBERRY, Fragnria— s. Bush, Euony-
mus Ainoricanus — s. Shrubby, Ruhus arcticus —
s. Tree, Euonymus Americanus — s. Wild, Fragaria
Virginiiuia.
STREAK, PRIMITIVE, Groove, primitive.
STREATIIAM, MINERAL WATERS OP.
Streathnra is a village near London. The waters
are snline and cathartic.
STRETJLL see Strabismus.
STKKIil.OSIS, Luxation.
STKE.MMA, Lu.xntion, Sprain.
STREPITO'SUS MORBUS. 'Noisy disease.'
A kind of flatulent disease, siiid by Sorbait to be
not uncommon in the Austrian Alps, in which
emphysematous tumours form on different parts
of the body, — accompanied by sonorous excre-
tion of tras by the mouth and anus.
STREPITUS AURIUM, Tinnitus aurium.
STRETCHING, Pandiculation.
STRLE, Vibices — s. Cilinres, Ciliary processes
— s. Corneae, Tenia semicirculnris — s. Longitudi-
nales Lancisii, see Corpus eallosum — s. Medul-
lares, see Processes teretes — s. Retinae suhjectae
ligamenfo ciliari, Ilalo signatus — s. Semilunares,
Taenia semicircularis — s. Tenninales, Taenia semi-
circularis — s. Transversales Willisii, see Corpus
eallosum.
STRIATED MUSCULAR FIBRE, see Mus-
cular fibre.
STRIATUS, CanneU, Grooved, see Corpora
striata.
STRIBTLIGO, Efflorescence.
STRICTURA, Stricture — s. Ani, Stricture of
the rectum — s. Intestini recti. Stricture of the
rectum — s. Intestini recti spasmodica. Stricture
of the rectum, spasmodic — s. Oesophagi callosa.
Dysphagia constricta — s. fflsophagi spasmodica,
0<]sophagismus — s. Pharyngis seu oesophagi vera,
Dysphagia constricta — s. Pncputii, Phimosis —
s. Uretlirn?, Urethrostenosis — s. Ventriculi, Stric-
ture of the stomach.
STRICTURE. Sin'ctii'rn, from atn'ngere, strtc-
tiim, 'to tie hard.' C«oict<i'h'o, Stec)n(,'n\8, (F.)
UStiScimieinenl. A diminution or contracted con-
dition of some tube or duct, as the oesophagus,
rectum, urethra, &c. This must be dilated by
appropriate bougies. Strictures may, also, occur
in the intestines: they are unmanageable, with
the exception of those of the rectum, which admit
of topical applications.
Sthicture op the (Esophagus, Dysphagia
constricta — s. of the Pharynx, Dysphagia con-
stricta.
Stricture of the Rectum, Spasmod'ic, Stn'c-
tn'ra [iitenti'ui Jiecti npimmod'icfi, ObHtiiic'tIo Recti
ep'ts'tica. An affection occurring in the nervous
especially, which sul)sides spontaneously, after a
longer or shorter continuance.
Stricture of the rectum, Strictu'ra Ani seu Tn-
teHti'ni Recti, ArchoKter/no'ma, Rectosteno'sis, Eu-
tlri/enterosteno'iiin, Arvhoiitegno'sis, Archosteno'sis,
Proctoencli'Kin, Anyxstn'tio et Resfric'tio intestini
recti seu ani, Stenocho'ria intesti'ni recti, Proclo-
sleno'sis or;/f(n'ico, occurs also organically, and is
a very serious affection ; being generally depend-
ent upon seirrhus.
Stricture op the Stomach, Gnstrofteno'sia,
Cuarctii'tio seu Strictu'ra ventric'idi. See Gas-
trostenosis cardiaca, &e.
Stricture op the Urethra, Urethrostenosis
— s. of the Urinary bladder, Cystostenochoria —
s. Vesicae urinariaa, Cystostenochoria.
STRIDOR DENTl'UM, Brvgmus.
STRIGA CARTILAGINOSA CORDIS, Isth-
mus of the fossa ovalis.
STRIGIL, Stricj'llis, Stlen'f/i", Stelen'fjix. A
flesh-brush. Also, an instrument, anciently used
in the biiths, for scraping off the sweat.
STRIPED MUSCULAR FIBRE, see Muscu-
lar fibre.
STROBILITI'TES, from <TTpo/?(>of, stro'hilns,
'a cone of the pine.' Wine impregnated with
the cones of the pine.
STROEMIA,Cadaba.
STROKE, APOPLECTIC. An apoplectio
seizure.
Stroke, Back, of the Heart, Impulse, dia-
stolic.
Stroke, Paralyt'ic. A sudden attack of en-
cephalo-spinal paralj'sis.
STROMA, Strruj' nhtm, Strnmen'ttim ; aTpw/ia,
'a bed or couch,' from arpiovwia, aTiJuivvvfii. 'to
spread out; to cover.' The bed or foundation-
texture of an organ, — as the stroma of the ovary.
Applied, also, to the bed or base of any deposit
— as the 'amorphous stroma' of scrofulous de-
posits.
STROMBULCUS, Forceps (bullet.)
STRONGLE, Strongylus— «.tre((»?, Strongylus
gigas.
STRON'GYLUS, from crpoyyvUi. 'round.'
Hippocrates, Chabert, and others, mean the At',
covin Inmbricoi'dei by this term. The Stronejiihia
Gigas, Enatron'gyhis gigas, As'caris vincera'lis
seu rena'lix, Fnaa'ria x^iscera'lin et renn'lin, (F.)
Strangle, S. geant, is, however, distinct. It has
an obtuse, flat head ; mouth surrounded with six
flattish papilla: the whole bursa of the male trun-
cated : the tail of the female rounded. It is some-
times met with, — five inches, a foot, a foot and a
half, and even three feet long, — and from two
lines to half an inch in diameter. It is occa-
sionally found in the human kidney; rarely in
other viscera, and still more rarely in the intes-
tinal tube.
STRoN'fivi.us, Teres.
STROPIIOS, Tormina.
STROPHULE. Strophulous.
STROPirULUS, Licheni' nnin atrnph ' vJiis,
EbnUil"ii>, E.tanthe'mn sen £"..■»-'-">' nlrophnhis.
Red Gnm, Red Gown, Tiintli Rafh, White Gnni,
Jfi/lcipotn, (F.) Strophnle, l\n.r de dents. It
consists of au eruption of red, or sometimes
STROniUS
874
STRYCHNOS
•whitish pimples, oooiirring in early iiifiMioy,
ehieliy nbnut the face, neek, and arm?, surrcitimled
by a reddish halo ; or interrupted by irreirnlar
patches of cutaneous blush. All the varieties
under this genus arise in consequence of the ex-
treme vascularity and irritability of the skin at
this period of life, when the constitution is liable
to be disturbed by irritation, either in the ali-
mentary canal, gums or other parts. None of
these eruptions are of any importance, and no
medical treatment is usually necessary. If the
stomach seem at all disordered, a little rhubarb
and magnesia may be administered occasionally.
AVillan and Bateman reckon five species, — Stro-
phiduH interline' tuK, lied gnm or gown ; S.al'bidnn,
white gum; S. confer' tus, rank red gum, Tooth
riinh ; S. vohit'icus or Erythe' ma volat'icnm, and
S. c(in' didiis.
Strophulus Sylvkstrls, Ignis sylvaticus — s.
Volatieus, Ignis sj'lvatieus.
STROPHUS, Tormina.
gTRlICTIO. Structura.
STRUCTURAL; same etymon as the next.
Of, or behmgins to, structure.
STRUCTURE, Strnctu'ra, Stnic'th, Confor-
mn'tlo, Octasceu'e, from stniere, strnctnm, ' to
build.' The arrangement of the different tissues
or organic elements of which animals and vege-
tables are composed. See Tissue.
STRUMA, Bronchoeele, Scrofula.
SriiuMA. Adipo'sa, Oben'itits colli. Fatty neck.
Prominence of the neck from obesity.
Struma Fungosa, Encephaloid.
STRUM ES, Scrofula.
STRUM EIIX. Scrofulous.
STHUMOSIS OEREBRf, Encephalophymata
— s. Pulinonuin, Tubercles of the lungs.
STRU.MOSUS, Serofulous.
STRUMOUS, Scrofulous.
STRUTIIIOPH'AGUS, from arpov^inv, 'a
young ostrich,' and (payw, 'I eat.' Struthiopha-
gous tribes still exist in some parts of Africa.
STRUTHIUM, Saponaria.
S T R U V E\S L 0 T 1 0 N F 0 R HOOPING-
COUfiH, see Lotion, Struve's, for hooping-cough.
8'niYCll}ilA,Stri/rhni'na,Str7j<-h'nine,Stnjrh-
ni'nnni, Stri/ch'niitm, Vnnqueline, Tet'tinhie. An
alkaline principle; solid, crystalline, inodorous,
bitter, and excessively poisonous, which has been
found in Strychnos nnx vomica, S. Coliibri'na, S.
Tieiite, Igna'tia ama'ra, Cer'hera Theve'tia, and
C. Ahn'vai. (Nncis vomii:(B. rasur. tbiv: calcis
pulv. ^vj ; acid, mitriat, f^iij ; alcohol., acid, sul-
phuric. dlL, liquor, ammoniac, carbon, animal,
jiurif., aqn<B, aa q. s. Digest the nux vomica in
two gallons of water, acidulated with a fluidounce
of muriatic acid, for 24 hours: then boil for two
hours, and strain with expression through a strong
linen bag. Boil the residuum twice successively
in the same quantity of acidulated water, each
time straining as before. Mix the decoctions,
and evaporate to the consistency of thin syrup :
then add the lime previously mixed with a pint
of water, and boil for ten minutes, frequently
stirring. Pour the mixture into a double linen
bag, and having washed the precipitate well with
water, press, dry, and powder it. Treat the
powder repeatedly with boiling alcohol, until de-
prived of its bitterness ; mix the liquors, and dis-
til off the alcohol by means of a water-bath. Mix
the residue with water, and having applied heat,
drop in sufficient diluted sulphuric acid to neutra-
lize and dissolve the strychnia ; then add puri-
fied animal charcoal ; boil for a few minutes, filter,
evaporate, and crystallize. Dissolve the crystals
in water, and add sufficient solution of ammonia
to precipitate the strychnia. Lastly, dry the pre-
cipitate on bibulous paper. Ph. U. S.) The ac-
tion— therapeutical and toxical — of strychnia on
man and animals is exactly like that of the nloo-
liolic extract of nux vomica. It is. however,
more active. An eighth of a grain is sufficient
to kill a large dog: and a quarter of a grain pro-
duces marked cft'ects on the human body, when
in health. It has been given in paralysis nnd
other cases like the nux vomica. Dose, one-
si.Vteenth to one-twelfth of a grain.
STi)Ycn>MA, AcKTATK OK, Strychniic acetas —
s. Hydriodate of, Strychniic hydriodas — s. iMdnle
of, Strychniaj iodas — s. Iodide of, Stryehniie hy-
driodas.
Stuych'ntia, I'odibe of loDHYnnATK or, (F.)
lodure d'lodhydrate de Strychiiine. is made by
pouring a solution of iodnretted iodide of p<itnn.
nium into a solution of a salt of strychnia ; treat-
ing the precipitate with boiling alrohol, and crys-
tallizing. Used in the same eases as strychnia.
Dose, a tenth to a sixth of a grain.
Strychnia, MtiniATE of. Strychnia; mnrias —
s. Nitrate of, Strychniae nitras — s. Sulphate of,
Strychnix sulphas.
Strychnia and Zinc, Dornr.K Iodide of,
Zinc and Strychnia, double iodide of.
STRYCH'NI^. ACE'TAS, Siryrh'ninm seu
Strychni'num ace'ticum, Ace'tas strych'nii sou
strych'nicus, Ac"etate of Strychnia or Strychnine.
This salt is formed by the direct coinbinaticm of
strychnia with acetic acid. It is given in the
same cases as pure strychnia.
STRyCIl'NI.1=; llYnUl'OOAS, .S*. iodhy'dras, Strych'-
nium hydro'iod' icnm, Hydri'odas seu lodhy'ilms
strych' iiicus, Hydri'odate or ladide of Strychnia,
is prepared by mixing a solution of iodide "f po-
tassium with a concentrated solution of acetate of
strychnia.
Strycii'nI/K I'ODAf^, St7-ychni'nai I'odas, Strych-
ni'na loda'ta, Strych'niuni seu Strychni'nuni lod'-
ic}im, I'odas Strych'nii seu Strych'nicus, I'odiite
of Strych'nia or Strychnine. Tliis salt may bo
formed by adding a concentrated solution of
iodic acid to strychnia; treating with boiling
alcohol ; filtering, and leaving it to spontaneous
evaporation.
Stiiycii'nIjI? Mu'ria.s, Mu'riate of Strychnin.
(The product of the union of muriatic acid and
strychnia.) Used in the same cases as strychnia.
STUYCHNIyE NiTRAS, Strych'niuni ni'lrirum, Ni-
trate of Strychnia or Strychnine, (F.) Nitrate ou
Azotate de Strychnine. (The product of the union
of nitric acid and strychnia.) Used in the samo
cases as strychnia.
Strycii'nivE Siii.phas. Strych'nium anlphii'ri-
cum, Sulphate of Strychnia or Strychnine. Has
the same properties.
STRYCIININA, Strychnia.
STRYCHNINE, Strychnia — s. Azotate of,
Strych niix; nitras.
STRYCHNINUM, Strychnia.
STRYCHNISM, see Strychnos nux vomica.
STRYCH NIUM, Strychnia— s. Accticum,
Strychniae acetas — s. Nitricum, Strychnia^ nitras
— s. Sulphuricum, Strychnise sulphas.
STRYCHNOS, Solanum dulcamara— s. Colu-
brina, see Strychnia, and S. Nux vomica — s. Cuia-
nensis, see Curare — s. Ignatii, Ignatia aniara.
Strychnos NcixVom'ica, Nux Vomica, Metel.'-
la, Canirnm, Koochln tree. Nat. Ord. Logit-
niaceas. Sex. Syst. PentandriaMonogynia. (F.)
Vowiquier. A tree of the family Strychndidcs,
which grows in India, and the seeds of which
have been long sold in the shoj)s, under tlie
names, Nux Vomica, Vomic or Poison vut. Bache-
lors' buttons, &c., (F.) Noix vomique. For a long
time, these seeds were used only for poisoning
rats; but subsequently an alcoholic extract was
prepared from them, which has been admin-
istered in paralytic affections, in small dosts.
Dose of the Alcoholic Ejctract, Extruc' turn nucit
STRYPIINA
875
STYLO-GLOSSUS
rom'icr. Kpi'n'tno'sum scu mio's vomt'ctp resi'no'eiim
acu tiiich com'ti-cB nlcuhol'icum, (F.) Extrait alco-
htiliqiie de iioijc voiiiif/nn, one or two grains. It
producef! a kind of tetanic convulsion in the pa-
ralyzed parts, when given to the requisite extent.
It has, also, been administered in chronic diar-
rhoea and dysentery. When taken to such an
extent as to induce toxical phenomena — Strych-
vism — it causes, at first, or when given in a
smaller dose, greatly augmented excitability of
the spinal nervous system, with slight transient
paroxysms of spasms of the limbs, and hurried
respiration. In larger doses, the excitability is
still more developed, with paroxysms of prolonged
general tetanic convulsions, laryngismus or con-
traction of the glottis, violent efl'orts of respira-
tion, apoplexy, and asphyxia.
The following is the formula for the prepara-
tion of the Extrac'thm Nucis Vom'ic^ of the
Pharm U. S. Take of Nuxvomtcn, foj ; Alcohol,
a sutiiciont quantity. Expose the Nux Vomica to
steam till it is softened; then, having sliced and
dried it, grind it into powder. Introduce it into
an apparatus for displacement, and pour alcohol
upon it gradually, until the li(iuid passes without
bitterness. Distil otf the greater j)art of the alco-
hol from the filtered liquor, and evaporate the
residue to the proper consistence.
The bark is theyV(/«e nvrjiiDtura or false cnspa-
ria hark ; Rohiin. See Brucea antidysenterica.
The wood of Stuychnos Colubui'na, Modira
eaiiii-dm, an Indian tree, which contains strychnia,
was fortnerly considered a specific against the
bites of venomous animals ; and was recommended
by Boerhaave in intermittents. It is the Lignum
Coliibri'iinni, (F.) Hois de Couleiivre.
Under the names arpuxvi, and arpv^voi, differ-
ent kinds of nightshade are described by Dios-
corides.
Strychkos Ignatii, Ignatia amara.
Stuychnos PoTATo'uiisr, dearing nut. The
fruit of a large tree of Silhet, which, when ripe,
is sold in the markets of India, and has been in-
troduced into those of London, under the name
NirmnUeefi or Ninnillies. One of them is well
rubbed for a minute or two around the inside of
a vessel containing water, which it purifies by-
causing the impurities, which the fluid contains,
to be deposited through its albumen and casein
it is su[)posed,
Stuychnos Pskttdoqui'na, Qicina do Campo,
of Brazil, is used by the natives as a substitute
for cinchona.
Stuychnos Tieute, see Strychnia, and Upas —
S. Toxicaria, see Toxifera, and Curare.
STRYPIINA. Astringents.
STRYPHNOS, Acerb.
STIIDIOSUS MEDICINE, Philiatros.
STUDIUM INANE, Aphelxia otiosa.
STUDY, BROWN, Aphelxia otiosa.
STUFF, see Medicament.
STUFFING, Cynanche trachealis.
STULTITIA, Fatuitiis.
STUMP, (fi.) Stumpf. (D.) Stomp, 'a
stump;' also, ' blunt.' (F.) Moirjnon. The part
remaining from which a limb or other part has
been amputated or removed in any manner. Also,
the portion of a tooth remaining in the alveolus,
after the corona has been removed, (F.) Chicot.
STUMPFOOT, Kyllosis.
STUNNED. Old French, EntonnL (F.) j^/on-
n(, (L.) (itlonitiis, 'astonished.' An epithet,
applied to one who, in consequence of a fall or
other accident, has received such a concussion
of the brain as to deprive him, for a time, of his
meut.il manifestations.
STUPA. arvri). yiiipha, Sfiippa, arvvirri, Stii-
pei'on. Tow, used in certain surgical apparatuses
and dressings, (F.) Etoupe. Also, a Stupe, that
is. cloth or tow used in fomentations. A flannel
or other article wrung out of hot water, plain or
medicated, applied to a part, is a stupe. The act
of applying such stupe is called stnpiug.
STUPE. Stupa.
STUPEFACIENTIA, Narcotics.
STUPEFACriFS, Narcotics.
STUPEFACTIO, Narcosis.
STUPEF[ANTS, Narcotics.
STUPEION, Stupa.
STUPEUR, Stupor.
STUPIIA, Stove, Stupa.
STUPIA, Tin.
STUPIDITAS, Idiotism, Imbecility.
STUPING, see Stupe.
STUPOR, E'-j/lej-'is, Ecplex'in, Cotisterno'tio,
(Se.) Swarff", Swerf, (F.) Stupenr, from stiipeir,
'to be stupefied.' Diminishecl activity of the in-
tellectual faculties, often amounting to lethargy.
It occurs in many affections, especially in the
neuroses.
Stiipoii, Narcosis — s. Artuuin, Obdormitio — .«.
Dentiura, Hremodia — s. Formicans. Formication
— s. Mentis, Fatuitas — s. Vigilans, Catalepsy.
STUPPE, Stupa.
STUPRATION, Stuprum.
STUPRUM, Rape, Stupra'tion, (F.) Deflora-
tion, Viol. Forcible and illicit enjoyment of a
married or unmarried female. When committed
upon the latter, which is most comoKmly the
case, it is also called, JJeJlorn'tion, Dejiora'tio,
Deuirgina'tio, Vitia'tio, Apitnlhls' mus, &c. In
judging whether rape has been committed under
such circumstances, the state of the genital or-
gans ; the age of the individual ; and the possibi-
lity of accidents and diseases of the parts, will
have to be considered. It will be necessary, also,
to be acquainted with the evidences of virginity ;
and to determine, — if signs of virginity no longer
exist, — whether its loss be attributable to coi)u-
lation, or to the introduction into the vagina of
any other body than the male organ, Ac. Recent
defloioerinf) can, of course, be much more readily
distinguished than that which has taken place
some time.
STUTTERING, Balbuties.
STYAN, Hordeolum.
STYE. Hordeolum.
STYGMATES. M. J. Cloquet has proposed
this word, or Stigmates, from arty^u, 'a mark,'
to designate the marks, in form of cicatrices,
which remain on the peritoneum after the oblite-
ration of the neck of a hernial sac. They are,
commonly, radiated folds, of a whitish appear-
ance, more or less thick, and of a fibrous or fibro-
cartilaginous nature.
STYLET. Specillum.
STY LI, Styloid processes.
STYLIFORM, Styloid.
STYLO, in composition, relating or belonging
to the styloid process of the temporal bone.
STYLO- CERATOIDES, Stylo-hyoideus — s.
Cerato-hyoideus, Stylo-hyoideus.
STYLO -CIIONDRO-HYOIDEUS. A name
given, by Douglas and Albinus. to a fleshy fasci-
culus which the stylo-hyoid muscle sometimes
presents, and which is attached to the lesser
cornu of the os hyoides. It is the same fascicu-
lus which Santorini calls Stylo-hyoV dea norus,
Sti/lohyo'ideus niter.
STYLO-GLOSSUS. A muscle situate at the
anterior and superior part of the neck. It is nar-
row behind, much broader before : is attaclu'd
to the styloid process of the temporal bone, and
to the stylo-maxillary ligament ; and is inserted
into the side of the tongue. It raises the base of
the tongue and carries it backwards.
STYLO-IIYOiDEUS
87G
SUB-ATLOIDEUS
STYLO-HYOiDEUS, St;/!o-cer'c,lo.h,/oy,!eiis,
Sti/lo-ceratoVdtXy Stylii-hyindes major, (F.) Sfijlo-
h>/otdieii. A muscle, situate at the superior, .inte-
rior, and lateral part of the neck. It is thin and
narrow, — especially posteriorly: anteriorly, it
opens to give passage to the tendon of the digas-
tricus. It is attached to the styloid process of
the temporal bone, and to the body of the os
livoides. It raises the os hyoides, and carries it
backwards.
STYi.o-HYOin Ligament is a fibrous, flattened
cord, which passes from the styloid process to the
lesser cornu of the os hyoides.
Stylo-hyoit) Nekve is the second branch
given off by the faeiiil nerve.
STYLOID, Sly'H/orm, Stilloi'des, Grnjihun'-
df'H, Ginpho'i'des, Giaphio'dea, Graphultti'des,
Belnno'dex, from arvXoi, 'a style,' 'a peg,' 'a pin,'
and ciioi, ' shape.' Shaped like a peg or pin.
Styloid Couxua, see Hyoides os.
Styloid Proc''esses, Pencil-like Pi-occsneii,
Procen'miH Belo'iden seu Belemnoides seu BelonaV-
drs seu Graphidides seu GniplKj'i'dei, Stj/li, are,
1. A long and slender process of the temporal
bone, to which are attached the stylo-glossus,
stylo-pharyngeus, and stylo-hyoideus muscles,
and the stylo-hyoid and stylo-maxillary liga-
ments. 2. Two slender and pyramidal processes
at the inferior extremities of the radius and ulna.
STYLO-MASTOID, St,/lo-ma<koideus. That
which relates to the styloid and mastoid pro-
cesses.
Stylo-mastoid Artery arises from the poste-
rior auricular, and, in some subjects, from the
occipital. It enters the stylo-mastoid foramen ;
]insses along the aqueduct of Fallopius, and
fpreads its ramifications on the mucous mem-
brane of the tympanum, and in the mastoid cells,
and semi-circular canals ; and terminates by anas-
tomosing with a branch of the Arletia meniiKjcB'i
riiedin, which enters by the Hlatun Fa/lnpii.
Murray has given the name — Sti/!o-mantoid — to
the posterior auricular artery itself.
STYLO-MASTOin Fora'mek, Foi-nmen Sh/Io-mas-
toi'deiim seu AqiKBdiic'tCis FaKo'pii, (F.) Tron
ii)i()n]/:iiK. is situate at the inferior surface of the
petrous portion of the temporal bone, between
tlie styloid and mnstoid processes. It terminates
the aqueduct of Fallopius, and gives passage to
the fxcial nerve.
S T Y L 0 - M A X ' I LL ARY, Stylo-maxilWrix.
That which relates to the styloid processes and
jaw.
The Stylo-Maxillary Ligament is a liga-
mentous, flat cord, extending between the styloid
process and the angle of the jaw.
STYLO -PIIARYNGEUS, (F.) Stylo - thyro-
)ihanjiif/ien. A muscle, situate at the anterior
and lateral part of the neck. It is slender; thin
above ; attached to the styloid process of the
temporal bone, and terminates in the parietes of
the pharynx, as well as at the posterior margin
of the thyroid cartilage. It raises the pharynx
and carries it backwards. Professor Chaussier
lias united, under the name Sti/!n-pharyiigiei),
the three constrictor muscles of the pharynx, the
stvlo-phiirvngeus, and palato-pharvngeus.
'STYLOPH'ORUM DIPHYL'LUM, Mecouop'-
S!S diphi/l'l'i, Chelldo' Ilium diphyl'liim, Cel'andine
or Horn Poppi/, Brniii' root. An indigenous
plant, of the f<(mi!i/ Papaveraceno, growing from
Western Pennsylvania to Wisconsin, which flowers
from May to August. The juice is fetid and nar-
cotic. Infused in wine, it has been given in-
ternally in gravel: and has been applied exter-
niilly to contusions, ,tc.
STYLO- THYRO- PIIAR YNGIEN, Stylo-
pharvngeus.
STYLUS, Sound.
Stvli'S Excava'tus, Spccil'lum ejrcam'lum.
A hollow souikI.
STViMA, Erection, Priapismus.
STYMATOSIS, Stimatosis.
ST\ JI'jM ATA, from aTvii/ta, cTv/iiiaTos, 'that
which constricts or thickens.' The most solid
ointments. Also, the ingredients proper for in-
creasing their consisfence.
STYPSrS, Astriction, Constipation.
STYPTERIA, Alumen, Styptics.
STYPTIC, see Styptics.
Styi'tic, Binelli's, Aqua BincUii — s. Broc-
chieri's, Aqua Brocchierii.
Styi'Tic, Eaton's. A name first given to ffrlve-
tiiiH'n Styptic, when introduced into Great Britain.
It is now usually made of calcined yrecn vitriol,
3j ; proof Kjiiril, tinged with a little oak bark, Oij.
Styptic, IIklvetii's's, see Ferrum tartariza-
tum, and Styjitic, Eaton's.
Styptic, Pagliaiu's, llajmostatic, Pagliari's.
Styptic, Ruspini's, Liquor Sti/pt'iciis Rimpiiii,
A nostrum, said to consist of giiUic acid, a small
quantity of sulphate of zinc and opium, dissolved
in a mixture ot alcohol and roue-water, which has
hiid much reputation as an internal and external
astringent.
Styptics, Contrahen'tia, Conitricti'va Medi-
camen'ta, Coiixtrinifeii'tia, Aiianlal'tiea, Catastal'-
tica, Sli/ple'ria, (F.) Styptiqiten, from oTuiru, 'I
constringe.' Sometimes used> synonymously with
astringent, but generally applied to a substance
employed to arrest hemorrhage, — Ence'mon. A
mechanical uti/ptic is one that arrests the flow of
blood, by being applied immediately to the mouth
of the bleeding vessel, or by inducing a coagu-
luin, mechanicalli/, in it. A chijmicul Htyptic is
one which coagulates, cliymically, the blood
around a bleeding orifice.
STYRAC'INUM O'LEUM. Oil obtained by
boiling storax in good olive oil.
STYRAX, oTVQal A resin obtained from Sty-
rax. officina'lis and S. calatni'ta. It is the Holid
storax; — officinal storax. There are two kinds
of storax met with: 1. Red Storax, Gum Storax,
Thus JndcBo'rnin, Sty rax rubra, Sly'racis hal'-
samuni, Baliamnm styracis ojfficinalis, which is
obtained by incision from the Styrax officina'lis,
and perhaps from the Liquidain'har Orienta'lis.
The purest is in tears : but it has lost some of its
smell in drying. 2. Common Storax, Styrax ca-
lami'ta. That which has been received in reeds
or vessels, and has had saw-dust added immedi-
ately to thicken it. The odour of storax is fra-
grant; the taste aromatic. It is considered, like
the other balsams, to be stimulant and expecto-
rant, but is rarely used long.
Pii'rified Storax, <S'. cola'ta seu pnrifiea'tn,
S. prm/iara'ta, Extractum sty'racis, is prepared
by dissolving storax in alcohol ; straining the so-
lution ; then distilling off the alcohol witli a gen-
tle heat, until the storax acquires the proper con-
sistence.— Ph. U. S. Dose, gr. x to xxx.
Styrax Alba, see Myroxylon Peruiferum — s.
Benzoin, see Benjamin — s. Calamita, see Styrax
— s. Liquida, Liquidambar styraciflua — s. Ofiici-
nalis, see Styrax.
STYSIS, Erection, Priapismus.
SUAVEOLENS, Boneolens.
SUB. A common Latin prefix, often signifying
' beneath,' or 'a lower degree.'
SUBACIDUS, Acidulous.
SUBAC'TIO, Chiro'sis, Cheiro'sis, from stihiijn,
snhactnni, (sub, and ago), 'to subject, to prepare.'
The operation of making plasters, extracts, ic,
with the hand, or with the pestle and mortar.
SUBAFFECTIO, Hydropathia.
SUBAGITATRIX, Trihade.
SUB-ATLOlDEUS. Infra-alloideui,, (F.) Sout-
atloidieii. That which is situate beneath the
SUB-AXOIDEUS
877
SUBLINGUAL
atlns or first cervical vertebra. Chaussier has
given this name to the second pair of cervical
nerves.
SUB-AXOifDEUS, Infra-axoideus, (F.) SoM-
a.rovlieii. Tliat which is below the axis or ver-
tebra ilciitiitd. Chaussier has given this name to
the third pnir of cervical nerves.
SUIJAZOTAS BISMUTICUS, Bismuth, sub-
nitrate of.
SUBBOllAS NATRICUM, Borax.
SUBCARTILAGINEUM, llyi.ochondre.
SU]5CLA'VIAN, Subdu'vinn, Subc/avicida'ns,
from mib, and cUivln, ' the clavicle' That which
is under the clavicle.
Sl'BCLAVlAN Ahteries, (F.) Arteres Hons-cla-
viires, are situate at the upjier part of the chest,
and the lateral and lower T)arts of the neck.
The rigiit arises at the corresponding side of the
trachea, and comes otf from the arteria innomi-
nata or brachio-eephalic trunk. The left leaves
the aorta at the end of the arch. Both extend
a? far as the superior surface of the first rib, in
tlie space between the scaleni muscles, beyond
which they take the name axillai-y arteries.
The subclavian arteries run, for some distance,
without sending off any branch. In the neigh-
bourhood of the first rib, however, they give off,
1. UpwKrds, the vertebral and inferior th)/roide((/.
2. Dowvioardn, the inlernnl mammary and supe-
rior iiHercastal. 3. Oiitwardi, the transverse cer-
vicid or posterior scapular, the siip/erior scapular,
and the posterior cervical or profunda.
Subclavian or Subclavius Muscle, Subcla-
via'nus,, (F.) Costo-claviculaire (Ch.),' Sous-cla-
vier, is situate at the superior and anterior part
of the chest. It is attached, by its inner extre-
mity, to the superior surface of the cartilage of
the first rib; and by its superior margin and
outer extremity to the inferior surface of the
clavicle. This muscle depresses the clavicle, and
carries it forward. When the shoulder is fixed,
it can raise the first rib.
Suboi-avian Veins, (F.) Veines sous-clavih-es,
are continuations of the axilhiry, and extend from
the inferior extremity of the scalenus anticus, in
front of which they pass, to the vena cava supe-
rior, which they form by their union. The right
subclavian vein is very short; the left, longer
and broader. These veins receive the mouths of
the inlernnl and external jugulars, vertebral and
superior intercostal. The left subclavian receives
two veins more than the right, — the left internal
mammary and left inferior thyroid. The thora-
cic duct opens into the left subclavian : — the cor-
responding great lymphatic vessel into the right.
SUBCLAVIC'ULA, from sub, and clavicula,
'the clavicle.' The first rib.
SUBCLAVICULAIIIS, Subclavian.
SUBCLAYIUS, Subclavian muscle.
SUBCRUEN'TUS, 'somewhat bloody;' from
sub, and cruentus, 'bloody;' Hyphcp'mos. That
which has the colour and nature of blood. An
epithet given to certain excreted substances, which
are mixed with blood, or have the appearance of
blood.
SUBCRURiET. see Cruneus.
SUBCnTA'NE0US,»i(6<'»/r<'»e»8,from«i(J,and
cniis, ' the skin ;' Intercuta'neus, (F.) Sous-cntane.
That which is placed immediately under the skin.
Subcutaneoijs Section, Hypodermatomy.
SdiiciiTANEiTS Colli, Superficialis colli — s.
MaliU (Nervus). Orbitar nerve.
SUBnKLIRIU.M, Tvpbomania.
SUB'DITA, Subditlf'ia, from subdere, (sub,
and dare,) 'to |)Ut under;' Pros'theta. Medicines
introduced into some one of the natural aper-
tures;— as su]ipositories, pessaries, Ac.
SUBDrTll'IA. Subdita.
SUBDUCTIO, Dejection.
SUEER, ro/Z-.-— the bark of the Qnercvs Suher
or Corh Tree, (F.) Lifye. Family, AmentaceiC.
Sex. Syit. Moncecia Polyandria. Cork, when
burnt, is applied as a mechanical styptic to
bleeding piles, &c. Surgeons use it for making
tents; and it has been recommended to be worn
as an amulet to suppress the secretion of milk !
SUBETH, Coma.
SUBFRONTA'LIS SUTU'RA, from sub, and
frons, froutis, 'the forehead.' A suture resulting
from the articulation of the os frontis with the
nasal process of the superior maxillary bone, and
the proper bones of the nose.
SUBGRONDA TION, Depression.
SUBHUMERATIO, Catomismos.
SUBIGITATRTX, Tribas.
SUBINFLAMMATIO, Subinflammation — s.
Hepatis, Hepatitis, chronic.
S U B IN F L A M M A'TION, Subinfamma'tio,
from sub, and injlaiiimatio. Inflammutiiiu'cula,
HypophhijuKt'sia. A mild degree of inflamuia-
tion, so slight as hardly to deserve the name in-
Jlanimatioii. Broussais understood by the term,
an augmentation in the vital phenomena of the
vessels that convey white blood. There are, how-
ever, no such vessels. Lymphatic engorgements,
scrofula, herpes, and cancer he considered subin-
flatnrnations.
SUBINTRAN'TES FEBRES, from sub, and
intrare, 'to enter.' Comniunican' tes febres. Fevers
primarily intermittent, whose paroxysms approxi-
mate, so tliat one paroxysm begins before tliat
which preceded it has gone through its stages. —
L. Bellini.
SUBJECTIVE SEXSATIONS, see Sensation.
SUBJEE. Bangue.
SUBLIGACULUM, Truss.
SUBLIGATURA, Truss.
SUBLIM AMENTUM, Enaoreraa.
SUBLIMATE, CORROSIVE, Hydrargyri
oxvniurias.
SUBLIMA'TION, Sublima'tio, Ifeteoris'mus,
Hypso'sis, from stihlimis, 'exalted.' An operation
by which dry and solid matters are volatilized
and condensed at the upper part of a subliming
apparatus. Calomel, sal ammoniac, Ac, arc con:-
monly obtained by sublimation. The product of
sublimation is a Sub'limate Subliviu'tum, (F.)
SvblimL
SUBLIMATUM CORROSIVUM, Hydrargyri
oxymurias.
SUBLIMATUS CORROSIVUS, Hydrargyri
oxymurias.
'SUBLLME, Sublimis.
SUBLIME, Enajorema, Sublimate — «. Corro-
sif, Hvdrargvri oxymurias.
"SU'LLI'MiS, (F.) Sublime, 'high, elevated,
superficial.' Anatomists have given the name
sublimis to certain muscles, which are situate
more superficially than their kindred niusclcs.
These last they have called profundi. Of the for-
mer, the ilvx'ir sublimis diijilorum. is an example.
The French use the term respiration sublime
for the respiration which is acccunpanied by con-
siderable elevation of the ribs, and with separa-
tion of the ala> nasi at the time of inspiration.
SUBLINGUA, Uvula.
SUBLIN'GUAL, Sublln,jua'lis, (F.) Souslin-
(jual, from std>, and lingua, 'the tongue.' That
which is seated under the tongue.
Sublingual Artery, with some, is the Lin-
gual. With others, it is a branch given off by
the lingual opposite the genio-glossus muscle,
which is distributed particularly to the sublingual
gland, to the,mylo-hyoid, and genio-glossus mus-
cles, Ac.
Sublingual Gland, Glan'dtda sullingua'lis
seu Ilartholiuia'na seu Liiciuia'na, is seated in
the substance of the inferior paries of the mouth.
SUBLINGUIUM
SUBSCAPULAR
beneath the anterior part of the tonn;ue. It is j
smaller than the subiniixillary, of which it fre-
quently seems to be only a prolongation. It is
oblong, flattened, amygdaloid, and is covered by
tiie niuoous membrane of the mouth, beneath
>vhieh it projects. This gland has 10 or 12 ex-
cretory ducts — Ductus Riviuia'in seu ]V<dthe-
riu'ui — some of which open beneath the fraenum
lingua;, joining Wharton's duct, whilst others
pierce the mucous membrane of the mouth sepa-
rately. It has the same structure as the parotid.
SUBLINGUIUM, Uvula.
SUBLINGUUM, Epiglottis.
SUBLOB'ULAR, .S',(6/o/'»('(«V/s; from euh, and
hthuH, 'a lobe,' lohulus, 'a little lobe.' That which
is placed under a lobe.
SuBLOBULAR Veins of the Liver. The veins
in which the intra-lobular veins terminate. By
their union, the sublobular veins form the hepatic
veins.
SUBLUXATIO, Sprain.
SUBMAM'MARY, Submamma'rius, (F.) Sous-
mnmmaire, from sub, and mamma, 'the breast.'
Under the mamma or breast; — hence, ' submam-
luary inflammation,' inflammation of the areolar
ti.*suc beneath the mamma.
SUBMAX'ILLARY, SubmaxUla'rh, Iii/ra-
waxilla'ria, (F.) Soua-majcillaire, from sub, and
maxilla, ' the jaw.' That which is seated beneath
the jaw.
Submaxillary Ganglion is a small nervous
ganglion, situate opposite the gland. It seems
to be formed by the superior branch of the Vidian
nerve, and communicates with the lingual nerve
of the inferior maxillary. Its filaments form a
plexus wliich penetrates the submaxillary gland.
Submaxillary Gland, Max'iUary Gland, Hy-
2)0()U(ilh'a(leu, IIijp<>aial'adeu,\s, a salivary gland,
less than the parotid, seated at the inner side of
the ramus and body of the inferior maxillary
bone, in the triangular space between the two
bellies of the digastricus. Irregularly ovoid,
and flattened on three surfaces, it has the same
aspect and organization as the other salivary
glands. Its excretory duct is called Wharton's
JJuct, and terminates at the side of the fraenum
lingua', by a very small orifice. It is also called
Ductus inferior.
SUBMEN'TAL, Suhmeuta'Us, (F.) Sousmental,
from sub, and mentum, 'the chin.' Situate under
the chin.
Submental Artery is furnished by the facial,
near the base of the jaw. It passes forwards
along the attachment of the mylo-hyoideus, to
which it furnishes branches that cross it to anas-
tomose with those of the sublingual. Near the
median line it bifurcates, to be distributed to the
chin and muscles of the infra-hyoid region.
Submental Vein, which accompanies the
artery, opens into the labial.
SUBMERSION, Suhmer'sio, from aub, and
merijpre, mersum, 'to plunge.' The act of plung-
ing, or being entirely plunged, in a liquid.
Asphyxia by submersion, A. Immerso'rum,
Drowning, is not owing to a certain quantity of
liquid being introduced into the alimentary or
air-passages; but simply to the interception of
air, and of the respiratory phenomena. It is a
case of suffocation, the signs of which, on dis-
section, are equivocal, without circumstantial
evidence.
SUBMISSIO, Remission — s. Cordis, Bystole.
SUBMU'COUS, Suhmuco'sus; from sub, and
mucus. Under a mucous membrane, — as the
'submucous areolar tissue.'
RUBMURIAS AMMONIACO-HYDRARGY-
RICU.^, Hydrargyrum praecipitatum.
SUBMUS'CULAR, Submuscula'ris; from sub,
and musculus, 'a muscle.' Seated beneath mus-
cles or a muscular laver.
SUBOCCIP'H'AL" Suboccipita'lis; from sub,
and occiput. That which is situated under tlit
occiput.
SuBorcip'iTAL Nerve, Occipital nerve.
SUBOR'BITAR, Suborbita'rius, In/ra-or'bitar,
lufra-oroita'lis, Infra-orbita' riiis, (F.) S<ius-orbi-
taire, from sub, and orbita, ' tlie orbit.' That
which is seated beneath the orbitar cavity.
SlBOHBITAR AliTKRY, Jnfra-orbitar A., pro-
ceeds from the internal maxillary, from which it
separates near the anterior and superior part (jf
the zygomatic fossa. It enters the infra-orbitar
canal, and passes through it, giving branches to
the anterior and superior dental canal ;Mssues by
the foramen infra-orbitarium ; and divides, in the
fossa canina, into a number of branches, which
lose themselves in the neighbouring parts. Tlio
infra-orbitar vein follows the same course.
SUBOKBITAR CanAL, Infra-orbitar Canal, (F.)
Canal ou Conduit sous-oibitaire, is a small canal,
which runs obliquely through the substance of
the inferior paries of the orbit. It begins, behind,
by a simple gutter, and divides, anteriorly, into
two branches, one of which descends into the
anterior paries of the maxillary sinus, whilst the
other passes out, in the canine fossa, by an ori-
fice, called Foranien-infra-orbitarium, (F.) Tron
sous-orhituire. The infra-orbitar artery and nervo
pass along it.
SuBOHBiTAR Fissure, Infra-orbitar Fissure,
Fissii'ra infra-orbita' lis, liima cana'lis orbita'rii.
A fissure in the superior maxillary bone; the
superior commencement of the suborbitar canal.
SuBORBiTAU Fossa, Canine fossa.
Suborbitar Nkrves, Infra-orbitar Nerves,
seem to terminate the superior maxillary. They
issue from the infra-orbitar canal by the foramen
of the same name, and spread out in a radiated
manner in the fossa canina, to divide into superior
or }>(ilj>ebrftl flmiients, inferior or labial, internal
or nasal, and exteru(d or buccal.
SUBPERITONE'AL, Subperitonea'lis; from
sub. and peritoneum. That which lies under the
peritoneum.
Subperitoneal Aponeurosis, Fascia, subpe-
ritoneal— s. Ganglia, see Spermatic ganglion.
SUBPLACENTA, Decidua membrana.
SUBPOPLIT^US, Poplitanis muscle.
SUBPUBIC ARCH, Arcus subpu'bicus, from
sub, and pubis. A strong arch of the superior
pelvic aponeurosis, which completes the posterior
orifice of the obturator or subpubic canal.
Subpubic Membrane, Obturator membrane.
SUBPUBIO-FEMORALIS, Abductor brevis
— s. Prostaticus, Compressor prostatas.
SUBPURATIO, Suppuration.
SUBPUTRIS, Hvposaprus.
SUBSCAP'ULAR, Subscapula'ris, (F.) .S'oxg-
seapulaire, tSous-scapnlo-trochinien, from sub, and
scapula, 'the shoulder-blade.' That which is be-
neath the scapula.
Subscapular Fossa, Fossa Subscapula'ris.
A considerable excavation at the anterior surface
or venter of the scapula, in which the subscapu-
laris is seated.
Subscapular Muscle, Subscapula'ris Mnsc'e,
Immer'sus, Infra-scapula' ris, (F.) Sous-seajmlo-
trochinien (Ch.), Porte-feuille, M uscle-sous-seapu -
laire. A muscle situate in the above-mentioned
fossa. It is flat, broad, and triangular; is at-
tached, by its base, to the .subseapulary fossa and
to the anterior lip of the edge of the sjiine of the
scapula, and is inserted into the lesser tuberosity
of the humerus. It carries the arm in rotation
inwards. It can also depress it, and bring it
towards the body.
Subscap'olar Nerves are two in number.
SUBSEROUS
879
SUCCOTASH
One arises from the brachial plexus above the I
clavicle ; the other from the posterior aspect of
the plexus within the axilla. They are dis-
tributeil to the subscapularis muscle.
SUBS 10' 110 US, Siibiero'iiiiH ; from sub, and
teroiis. Under a serous membrane, — as the '«u6-
sr.riiitH areohir tissue.'
SUHSIDENTIA, .Sediment.
SCnSTAXCE KMAILLEE DBS DENTS,
Enamel of the teeth — s. Horny, see Tooth.
SUBSTANCE, HYALINE, Cytoblastema — s.
Intercellular, Cytoblastema — ». Vitree ilea Dents,
Enamel of the teeth.
Sl'bstancb, WiiiTK, OP Schwann. A hollow
eyliniler within the tubular nervous fibre, which
differs in composition and refracting power from
the matter tliat occupies the centre of the tube.
SUBSTANTIA ADAMANTINA DENTlUiM,
Enamel.
SubSTAn'tiA FhkruOIn'ea, Locus eiue'revs.
An ash coloured substance, produced by the ex-
).-tence of well marked pigmentary matter in the
floor of the fourth ventricle or rliornboid fosna.
Substantia Filamkntosa Dkntium, Enamel —
8. (jrisea Centralis, see Medulla spinalis — s. Hy-
nlina, Cytoblastema — .s. Nigra pedunculi, see
Peduncles of the brain — s. Ossea dentium, see
Tooth — s. Ostoidea, see Tooth — s. Perforata an-
terior, Locus perforatus anticus.
Substant'ia Pkrfoka'ta Mk'dia. When the
pia mater has been removed from the space be-
tween the crura cerebri, termed the intercrn'ml
or interpednnc'iilar, the surface appears cribri-
form from the perforations of the numerous
minute vessels which penetrate it. This is the
ittb'itiui'tia iwrfora' t<i me'dia of Vicq d'Az3'r.
Substantia Peuforata Posteiuor, see Tarini
pons — s. Pulposa Dentis, Dental pulp — s. Radiata,
Stellulas Verlieyenii — s. Rhomboidea, Corpus den-
tatum — s. Spongiosa Urethrae, Corpus spongiosum
urethrre — s. Stellata serpentina, Stelluhe Vor-
heyenii — s. Vitrea dentium, Enamel of the teeth
— s. Vitrea, Cytoblastema — s. Vitrea dentium,
Enamel.
SUB'STANTIVE, Snbstanfi'rus ; from svb-
slrire, (sub, and store,) ' to stand under or subsist.'
An epithet applied by Dr. Paris to aliments which
are nutritious, in contradistinction to adjective
aliments, which are themselves not possessed of
nutritive virtues, but impart to the digestive or-
gans greater energy, so as to enable them to ex-
tract more nutriment from the substantive ali-
ments. Meat, for example, is a substitutive
aliment: the condiment, as mustard, eaten with
it, iin (iiljrctire aliment.
SUBSTILLUM, Stillieidium.
SUBSULTIO, Palpitation.
SUBSUL'TUS TEN'DINUM, Snltus ten'di-
num, Olnnus subsultus, Suhsu/tus, Crirp/i'do(/"ia
spiismnd'icrt. ^fi/npril'iuus, Twitchinrj of the Ten-
dons, (F. ) Soiibresaut, from subsllio, subsidtuni,
{sub nnd snfio,) ' to make short leaps.' Twitch-
ing, communicated to the tendons by the iuvo-
liintary and instantaneous contraction of the
muscular fibres. It is more observable at the
wrist than elsewhere; and is an evidence of great
cerebral irritability, and debility, when it occurs
at an advanced period of fever.
The muscular agitations or twitchings observed
in febrile diseases, especially of children, have
been termed Couvulsibil'it'is, Sclerottjr'be febri'lis,
and frri/iibi/'it'is morbo'sa.
SUBSURDITAS. Deafness.
SUBU'BERES. from sub, and vhern, 'the
breasts.' /ii/'aii'tes suijcu'trs. Sucking chi/dreii. I
Infants at the breast, in contradistinction to
Eru'beres, aKoyaXaKTOi, or those which have been [
Treaued. I
SURUN'GUIAL, Subuu't/mil, Subuu'guicnJ,
(F.) Sniis-uni/eiile, from sub, and uixjuis, 'a nail.'
Belonging to parts under the nail; — as subuu-
guiul ej-ostosis, (F.) Exostose aous-uiiiieale, an ex-
ostosis under the nail of the great toe es|)ecially.
SUBVERSIO STOMACUI, Vomiturition.
SUBVERTEBRA, Sacrum.
SUBVERTEBRUM, Sacrum.
SUBVOLA, Hypothenar.
sue, Succus — ». de Citron, see Citrus medica
— *. Giistrique, Gastric juice — *. de Kiuo, Kino —
s. Medulldire, Marrow — s. du Liinoii, see Citrus
medica — s. Nourricier, Liquor sanguinis — s. Pau-
creatique, see Pancreas.
SUCCA'GO, from succns, 'juice.' The inspis-
sated juice of plants; robs, jellies, &c.
SUGCEDANE, Succedaneum.
SUCCEDA'NEUM, Suecida'neum, Substilu'-
tum, Autib'iHoru'euum, Surroijii'tum, Antoubol-
lom'euum, Quid pro quo, from succedere, (sub,
and cedere,} 'to go under, to come in place of
another.' (F.) Succedoni. An epithet for medi-
cines that may he substituted for others pussess-
ing similar properties. Also, used, in dentistry,
for an amalgam for filling teeth.
SUCCENTURIA'TUS, from suecenfurinre,
(«i(i, and centuriii,) 'to supjdy a soldier to fill a
vacancy;' and hence, 'to substitute or put in the
room of That which is a substitute for another;
as Renes succeiituriati, Ventriculus succeuturia-
tus, &c.
SUCCIIAR, Saecharum.
SUCCIDANEUM, Succedaneum.
SUCCIN, Succinum.
SUCCINCTURA, Diaphragm.
SUCCINCTUS, Diaphragm.
SUCCINI RESINA, Musk, artificial.
SUCCIN'IC ACID, Ac"idum Snc'ciui, A.Sue,
ciu'icum, Acor Succin'eus, Snl Succini, Snl vo-
Idt'ile Succini, has been considered antispasmodiu
and diaphoretic, in the dose of from five to twenty
grains.
SUCCINUM, Elec'trum, Ambra, Ambrnm, Am-
par, Bereni'ce, Amber, Yell uxo Amber, (F.) Surciii,
Ambre jaune, fi'om succus, 'juice,' because at one
time supposed to exude from a tree. This kind
of fossil resin, which is found on the shores of the
Baltic, is composed of a resinous matter, of essen-
tial oil, and an acid siii (/eueris. It is inodorous,
except when heated or rubbed : insipid ; in frag-
ments of a pale golden-yellow colour, transpa-
rent, and has a shining lustre. S. g. 1"08; inso-
luble in water, and slightly acted on by alcohol.
It is used for affording its essential oil — the
O'leuni seu Bal'snmum Suc'cini, (F.) Iluih de
Succin. This oil possesses stimulant, antispas-
modic, diuretic, and rubefacient properties.
The O'leum Suc'cini rectijicn'tum, Rerlified OH
of Amber, is made as follows : — Oil of Amber, Oj ;
writer, Ovj. Mix in a glass retort, and distil until
Oiv of the water have passed with the oil into the
receiver; separate the oil from the water, and
keep it in well-stopped bottles.— (Ph. U. S.)
The White amber, Leucelec'tnim, (F.) Ambre
bliinc, is a variety.
Succinum Cinereum, Ambergris — s. Griseum,
Ambergris.
SUCCION, Sucking.
SUCCISA, Scabiosa succisa — s. Pratensis, S.
succisa.
SUCCOCOLLATA, Chocolate.
SUCCOLATA, Chocolate.
SUCCORY, WILD, Cichoriura intybus, Chi-
ronia ansrularis.
SUCCOTASH, Suck'atash. A term of Indian
derivation. A favorite dish in Neiv England,
formed of green Indian corn and beans boiled
together.
SUCCUBUS
880
SUDOIIIFIC
SUCCUBUS, from snh, and chare, 'to lio.'
Some authors have used this word synonymously
with nightmare. Others mean by it a female
phantom, with which a man in his sleep may be-
lieve he has intercourse; — as Incuhus has been
applied to the male phantom, with which a female
may dream she is similarly situate.
SUCCUS, CliyhiH, Opon, Opia'ma, Chi/Iis'ma,
Eifhylo'ina, Apotliliiii'm't, Juice, (F.) Sue, from
suijeie, suctinn, 'to su(di.' The fluid obtained by
pressing plants, flesh, &c.; S'uccks expren'mif,
Opole (ofiicinal), Opolide (magistral), according
to Chereau. It is, also, applied to certain animal
fluids, as 5. GiiRtrieHu, Ac.
SiicciTS Acacia Geumanick Inspissatus, sec
Prunus spinosa — s. Acaciae nostratis, see Prunus
spinosa — s. Arborum, Sap — s. Cicuta3 spissatus,
Extractum oonii — s. Cyrenaieus, Laserpitium.
Succus Enter'ici'S, S. Inteetina'Us, Liquor in-
testiua'/is seu enter' icus, lutes'tinal Juice. The
fluid copiously secreted from the lining mem-
brane of the small intestines.
Succus ExPKESSUS, Apothlimma — s. Gastri-
cus. Gastric juice — s. Glycyrrhizae. Extractum
glycyrrhizte — s. Ilypocistidis, see Cytinus — s.
Intestinalis, Succus entericus — s. Japonicus, Ca-
techu— s. Limonis, see Citrus medica — s. Liqui-
ritiae, Extractum glycyrrhizte — s. Nerveus, Ner-
vous fluid — s. Nutritius, Chyle — s. Orni concre-
tus, see Fraxinus ornus — s. Pancreaticus, see
Pancreas — s. Spissatus Aconiti Napclli, Extrac-
tum aconiti — s. Spissatus atropae bclladonnae,
Extractum belladonnae — s. Spissatus conii ma-
culati, Extractum cicutae — s. Spissatus hyoscy-
ami nigri, Extractum hyoscyanii — s. Spissatus
lactuea; saliv;r, Extractum lactucae.
SUCCUS'SION, Succuu'vio, Hippocrat'ic S}tc-
cun'siou, from nuccutio, succimsuiii, («((6, and qua-
tio.) ' I shake from beneath.' A mode of ascer-
taining the existence of a fluid in the thorax,
(JluctuHtion bi/ succuaniou,) by giving the body
one or more slight shakes.
SUCCUSSION, Dallottement.
SUCIIOK. Saccharum.
SUCKATASH, Succotash.
SUCKING, Sue' lid, Suet us, Athelx'ia, Bdnhis,
Jilyze'nis, (F.) Suceiou, from eurjere, nudum, 'to
suck.' The act of drawing liquid into the mouth,
by forming a vacuum with the tongue acting as
a piston, during inspiration.
Sucking Bottle. A bottle so formed, that,
when filled with milk, it can be sucked from in-
stead of the breast.
Sucking Child, Lnetenn. A suckling.
SUCKLE, LacUxre, ■ya\aKToTpo(pei>i, TtSr:(pvfiv,
(F.) Alltiiter ou Alaiter. Same etymon. To
give suck. To nurse.
SUCKLING, Lactation, Lonicera periclyme-
num. Sucking child.
SUCRE, Saccharum — s. Candi, Saccharum
candidum — «. du F'oie, see Saccharum — «. de
Litit, Sugar of milk — ». de Salunie, Plumbi su-
peracetas — n. Tors, Penidium.
SUCTIO, Exsuctio, Sucking.
SUCTION POWER. The force exerted on
the blood in the veins, by the active dilatation
of the heart. See Derivation.
SUCTO'RIA, from aufjere, mictum, 'to suck.'
Animals provided with mouths for sucking. Also,
organs for sucking or adhesion, — hence termed
buetoriiil — as 'suctorial oscula.'
SUCTORIAL, see Suctoria.
SUCTUS, Sucking.
SUDAM'INA, ffi/dro'ntn, Hidrn'tn, Pnp'ulcB
H'ldorii'les, Suffer»n'rce, AUut'sef, Pluntn itoclis.
Boa, from sudor, 'sweat.' Small vesicles, which
appear upon the skin, especially in the summer
lime, in hot countries, and in diseases attended
with much sweating. It is a miliary eruption.
See Miliary fever.
SlDAMlNA, Dcsudatio, Evltuuhouhircs, Lichen
tropicus.
SUDARIUM. Achicolum.
SUDATIO, Ephidrosis.
SUDATIUNCULA, Ephidrosis.
SUDATORIA, Jlidrosis — s. iMaligna, see Su-
dor Anglious.
SUDATORIUM. Achicolum.
SUDATORY, Achicolum.
SUDOR, 'i<5,.(05, Ilidros, (F.) Sueur, 'sweat.'
The product of cutaneous transpiration, when
visible on the surface of the body. It is colour-
less ; of an odour more or less strong and vari-
able; and of a saline taste. It is composed, ac-
cording to Berzelius, of water, lactic acid, laolate
of soda united with a little animal matter, chlo-
ride of sodium, and a little chloride of potassium,
an atom of earthy phosphate, and some oxyd of
iron.
SuDon, Miliary fever.
Sudor An'glicus, Hidrmt'osni, Hidrop'yra,
Hidropyr'etoH, Fehris seu Ifilid'ris sudolo'ria,
Sudor niilia'ris, 3/orbns sudotoriuf, Ephetu'era
maliy'un seu sudatoria seu Ilritau'nica seu Au'-
glica pes'tileus, Pestis Britanuiea, Sudato'ria
maliy'nn, Snienting Sickness, Sivecxtinc) Fever, (P.)
Suette, S. Miliare, S. fpid^un'que, Sueur Anijiaise,
A very severe epidemic disease, characterized by
profuse sweating, which appeared in England in
1486 ; and recurred, at different times, until about
the middle of the 16th century. It was accom-
panied with coldness, excessive prostration of
strength, palpitation, frequency and incijmility
of the pulse, <fec., and terminated favourably or
unfavourably in the course of 24 hours. The
French have given the name Suetth dk Picau-
DIE, Suette des Picnrds, Fievre suaute ; 3/ilinris
sudatoria. Sudor Picard'icus, to an epidemic dis-
ease, which has appeared several times in that
province; the principal symptoms of which were
[irofuse sweats and a miliary eruption. The dis-
ease recurred in 1821, and has been described, at
length, by M. Rayer, who ccmsiders it to consist
of a simultaneous state of inflammation of various
tissues; and proposes to class it with variola,
scarlatina, and measles.
A form of it, in which the perspiration was of
a black colour, was called Sudor Au'ql
u ylit
naje
3fel(nie})ln'dro'sis, Black EiiijUsh Sweatiiiij sick-
ness or fever.
Sudor Colliquativus, S. Profusus.
Sudor Cuuen'tus. S. saurjuiu'eus, Hmmntidro'-
sis, Hcemathidro'sis, Ejdiidro'sis crueu'ta, Ilmiiior-
rh<iij"ia per Cutem, (F.) Heniatidrose, Sueur de
Sang; Sweating of blood, Blood ij siveat, IJem'-
orrhage from the skin. Cutaneous perspiration
intermixed with blood: — a very uncomuHm af-
fection.
Sudor Dulcis, Saccha rorrhne' a cutn'nea, Eplii-
dro'sis sacchara'ta. A discharge of saccharine
matter by perspiration.
Sudor Localis, Meridrosis — s. Miliaris, Mili-
ary fever, Sudor Anglicus — s. Partialis, Meri-
drosis.
Sudor Profu'.sus, S. Colliquuti'vus. A pro-
fuse or immoderate sweat.
Sudor Sanguineus, Sudor cruentus — s. Uni-
versalis, Panhidrosis.
SUDORIFER, Sudoriferous, Sudorific.
SUDORIF'EROUS, Sudor'ifer. H,/dropJ,'orus,
from sudor, and/ero, 'I carry.' That which car-
ries sweat, as the sudoriferous ducts or glands.
SUDORIF'IC, Sndorificim, Sudor'ifer, Hl-
drot'icum, Hidrotc' rium, Hldrolopie'nni, Ilidro-
poet'icum, (F.) Sudorifique, from sudor, and /'aci'o,
'I make.' A medicine which provokes sweating.
See Diaphoretic.
SUDORIPAROUS
881
SULCUS
Fonn SiiDoniFic Woods, Qnat'uor Ugna nudo-
rifica, were, U>Tini:r\y,fjii<iiaciim, perfumed cherry,
tarHiipiirillti, and miHHafras.
SUD<)KIPAHOU.S,"see Perspiration.
SUDORIS ^;ULLITAS, Anidrosis — s. Pri-
vatio, Anidrosis — s. Suppressio, Ischidrosis.
SUKT, Sevum.
SUETTE, Sudor Anglicus — «. E}-iidemique,
Sudor Anjjlicus — ». Midnire, Sudor Arifrlicus —
s. de Piciirdie, Sudor picardicus — «. des Ficarda,
Sudor picardicus.
SUKUR, Sudor — «. Anyfm'se, Sudor Arglicus
•^a, d'E-rpreinion, Expression, sweat of — a. de
jS'iHjr, Di'ipedesis, Sudor cruentus — a. Urineuae,
Uriilrosis.
SUFFERSUR^., Sudamina.
SUFFIMHN, Sufliuientum.
SUFFI.MEXT'UM, llnpocrtpnix'ma, Svffi'men,
Thyiitiii'nifi, Siijffi'tux, SiiJJ'ii>iii</n'tio, Suffioniga'-
tioii, (F.) Parfiun ; from ixjfio, 'I perfume.' A
perfume: siifl'umige; fumigation.
SUFFITIO, Fumigation.
SUFFITUS, Fumigation, Suffimentum.
SIJFFLATIO, Puffiness.
SUFFOCATIO, Suffocation, Orthopnoea — s.
Hypochoudriaca, llypochondriasis^s. Hysterica,
Angone — s. Stridula, Cynanche trachealis — s.
Uterina, Angone.
SUFFOCA'TION, Siiffocnth, Prfffoca'tw,
Apopnix'ix, Aaphij.c' ia, 3ftt<nice'mfi, from mih, and
fal.r, pl./«i/'e*, ' tlic jaws.' Death, or suspended
animation from impeded respiration, whether
caused by the inJialatiou of imxiona guaea, droimi-
iiig, hanging, atrnngliug, or anwthering. The prin-
cipal morbid appearances in such oases are: —
the lungs of a deep-blue colour, with the blood
extravasated in tiie air-cells; right auricle and
ventricle filled with dark blood, as well as the
neighbouring veins; lividity of the countenance,
turgescenco, and, perhaps, rupture of the vessels
of the brain.
Treatment of anapended animation hy aiiffncation
■in general. 'Ihe patient must be conveyed into
a room not too warm. Blood-letting must be
used, if at all, with caution : — friction must be
employed with salt, or warm flannels ; stimulating
fluids, in a dilute state, be j)oured into the sto-
mach by means of a tube, and attempts be made
to inflate the lungs. Laryngotomy, if necessary.
Sl'FFOCATIOM, Pnigopho'bia, (F.) Etoiiffcment,
is used, as alrnnrjling is, for threatened siitfoca-
tion. It means the state of dyspnoea and oppres-
sion e.xperienced when a sufficient quantity of air
does not enter the lungs, or when the chemical
phenomena of respiration are imperfectly exe-
cuted ; as in cases of asthma.
SUFFOCATION UTMIUNE, Angone, Hys-
teria.
SUFFRAGO, Poplcs.
SUFFUMKIATION, Suffimentum.
SUFFl'.MIGK. Sutfinu-nfum.
SUFFUMDilUM. Fumiiiation.
SUFFUMINATIO. Fiunisration.
SUFFUSIO, Pseudoblepsia — s. Auriginosa,
Icterus — s. Bills, Icterus — s. Colorans, Chromop-
sia — s. Dimidians. Hemiopia — s. Exclarans, O.xy-
opia — s. Feliis, Icterus — s. I^entis crystalline.
Cataract — s. Metamorphopsis, Molamorphopsia—
s. Multiplicans, see Diplopia — s. Myodos, Meta-
morphopsia — s. Nigra, Amaurosis — s. Oculi. Ca-
taract, Pseudoblepsia — s. Oculorum, Metamor-
phopsia — s. Radians, Scotasma — s. Sanguinis,
Ecchymona.
SU(;AR, Saccharum — s. Barley, Penidium,
Saccharuni hordcatum.
SuoAR Candv, Saccharum candidum — s. Cane,
see Sacchnrum.
Sugar, Diabetic, Glucose — s. Fruit, Glucose ;
56
— s. Orape, Glucose — s. Hepatic, see Saccharum
— s. Honey, Glucose.
Sugar ok Leap, Plumbi superacetas.
ScGAR, Liver, see Saccharum.
Sugar, Magnet'ic, Sac'chamm Magnet'icum.
A quack preparation, said to be composed of sugar
and cannabis. It is given in nervous cases.
Sugar of Milk, Sac'chamm lactia, G<dac'tn-
aac'chariim, Lactoxe, Lactine, (F.) Sucre de Liiil,
Scl de Lait, is obtained from whey by eviipora-
tion and crystallization. It possesses the demul-
cent properties of the sugars.
Sugar, Muscle, Inosite.
Sugar Pine, see Arrowroot — s. Starch, Glucose.
Sugar, Urinary, Glucose.
SiiGARS, Various, see Saccharum.
SUGARBERRY, Celtis occidentalis.
SUGGILLA'TION, Sugilla'tio,Liror, CEde'mn
crueiitnm, Siigillation, JJniine ; from anijilhire,
augiUatum, ' to beat black and blue.' By most au-
thors used synonymously with ecchymosis and
ecchymoma. It is, also, applied to the spots, or
ecchymoses which occurin consequence of intrinsic
causes, — in disease and in incipient putrefaction.
It is common in dead bodies; Livor sen mac'ida
emnrtua'lis. To this last case it is, indeed, re-
stricted by some medico-legal writers; and an
interesting question sometimes arises: — Whether
the appearance have been induced befove death
or afterwar<ls? Whether it be a case of ccchy-
moaia or of aiiggillalinn? In the former, the
extravasated blood will usually be coagulated ;
not so in the latter. It is often, however, difli-
cult to form a correct judgment without reference
to the history of the case.
SUGGRUN'DIUM, perhaps from avggred!,
{enh, and gradlor,) 'to go or come up to.' The
eave of a house.
SuGGRUNDiuM OcuLi, Superciliary arch — s.
Superciliorum, Frontal protuberance.
SUICIDA, Autochir.
SUICIDAL INSANITY, Suicide.
SU'ICIDE, Snici'diitm : from ani cades, 'mur-
der of one's self.' The act of killing one's self.
Antdchi'ria, A utocton'ia, Idiocton'ia, Autuphou'ia.
Suicide is very frequently the result of disease
of the mind : the individual seeming, at tiaues, to
be irresistibly impelled to self-destruction. — Me-
laneho'lia Snicid'Inm seu aiitochi'ria, Snici'dal
Tnaan'iti/. Also, one who commits self-murder.
SUIE, Fuligo.
SUfF, Sevuin.
SUITES DE COUCHES, Lochia.
SULCATUS, CanneU, Grooved.
SULCI, plural of Sulcus.
Sulci Ciliares, Halo sisxnafns.
SULCULUS LABII SUPERIORIS, Lacuna
Labii superioris.
SULCl^S, Semicana'lia, Semicanal Ic' id na. A
furrow. A groove. {¥.) SiUon. Anatomists have
given this name to grooves on the surface of
bones and other organs. See Anfractuosity.
French writers on anatomy often use the term
SiHona for the grooves which lodge tlie arteries
and creep on the surface of bones: whilst those
that receive veins are called goiittierea, ' gutters.'
Also, the vulva.
SuLCiT.s Antero-posterior Jkcoris. see Liver
— s. Labii superioris. Lacuna Labii superioris.
Sulcus, Lat'eral, ante'rior, op the Spinal
Marrow. A mere trace on the marrow, marked
only by the attachment of the filaments of the
anterior roots of the spinal nerves.
Sulcus, Lateral, posterior, of the Spinal
Marrow, corresponds with the attachment of the
posterior roots of the spinal nerves.
Sulcus Retro-Glandularis, see Glans — s.
Sinus lateralis, Fossa sigmoidea — s. Transver-
salis, see Liver — s. Urabilicalis, see Liver.
5 UL FA TE D'A MM 0 XI A QUE 88 2
SULPHUROUS
SULFATE D'AMMONIAQUE, Ammoniae
SULFIDUM CARBONII, Carbonis sulphure-
tuiu.
SULFUR, Sulphur.
SULFVUE DE CARBON, Carbonis sulphu-
retiiin.
SULPHAS ALUMINARIS, Alumen— s. Am-
inoniaciB Cupratus, Cuprum aininoniatum — s.
Cadmicus, Cadiuii Sulphas — s. Kalico-aluinlni-
fum, Alumen — s. Natricus, Soda, sulphate of — s.
Zincicuin, Zinci sulphas.
SULPHUR, Sulfur, Scnrith, Thel'on, Thion,
Avcricli, 7'erra fojia'ta, Fiimu8 cit'riiius, A/i'iiita,
Jlriiii>!toiie, (F.) Sou/re. Native Sulphur is called
JCock and Black Sulphur, Suljihur vivum seu ni-
(jrum. Sulphur, as we meet with it, is in rolls,
Sulphur in rot'ulin seu rotun'dum, Roll Brimstone.
It is a volcanic production, and is obtained, in
large quantities, from Solfatara, in Italy. Boll
Sulphur is impure sulphur, melted, and run into
moulds. It is unpleasantly inodorous, when
heated or rubbed; insipid: solid, and brittle.
S. g. 1-99. Fusible at 226°; volatilizable by
beat, and condensing unchanged.
Sulphur ANTiMONiATtiM, Antimonii sulphure-
tum priecipitatum — s. Cahallinum, see Sulphur
sublimatum — s. Carburet of, Carbonis sulpliure-
tum — S. Chloratum, Sulphur, chloride of.
SuLPHun, Chloride op, Sul'phnris Chlo'ridum
seu DichUi'vidum, Sulphur chlura'tuni, Hjjimehlo-
re'tuni sulphuro'sum, Chlorum hi/pemnlphura'tum,
DIchlo'riile or P rot oelilo' ride or Ilypochlo'ride
or Subchlo'ride of Sulphur, Jiinulph' uret of Chlo-
rine, is obtained by passing (//?/ chlorine gaa
over washed and dried Jlowera of sulphur, until
they are for the most part dissolved, and distil-
ling tbedecanted fluid from the excess of dissolved
sulphur. One drachm of the liquid to an ounce
of lard has been used in lepra, psoriasis, and other
chronic cutaneous diseases. Ten drops, dissolved
in ether, have been given in adynamic fever.
Sulphur, Dk^hloiudk op. Sulphur, chloride
of — s. Ilypoehloride of. Sulphur, chloride of — s.
lodatum, Sulphuris iodidum — s. Iodide of, Sul-
phuris iodidum — s. loduret of, Sulphuris iodidum
— s. Liver of, Potassee sulphuretuni.
Sulphur Lotum. Sulphur suhlinia'tnm latum,
Wiinhed Sulphur, 3f<i(jitite'rium Sulph'uris, Sul-
phuris FlorcH loti, is prepared by pouring boil-
ing water on sublimed sulphur, so as to wash
away any acid it may contain, and then drying it.
Sulphur Nigrum, Sulphur vivum, see Sulphur
sublimatum.
Sulphur Pr^cipita'tum, Loc Sulph'uris, Milk
nf Sulphur, Precip' itoted Sulphur, {¥.} Crime de
Soufre, is prepared by boiling sublimed suli)hur
and lime together, and adding muriatic acid to
precipitate tlie sulphur.
Sulphur, Protochloride op. Sulphur chlo-
ride of — s. Subchloride of, Sulphur, chloride of.
Sulphur Sublima'tum, Sulphur, (Ph. U. S.)
Sublimed Sulphur, Flowers of Suljdiur (F.)
Soufre suhlime, Fleurs de Soufre, is the sulphur
of commerce, sublimed in close vessels.
Sulphur is possessed of stimulant, lasative,
and diaijhoretio properties. As a laxative, it is
used in hemorrhoidal and other affections. In the
itch, api)lied externally and taken internally, it
has been considered as a specific [?], and it is a
valuable remedy in most cutaneous atfections that
are local. Dose, ^^ss to ^'j-
The fioces or dregs, left in the purification or
sublimation of sulphur, are called Horse Brim-
stone, Dre(js of Sulphur virum. Sulphur cnhalli'-
iiHin seu vivum, Sulphuris viri recremeu'ta. They
are very impure, and are only used externally.
Sulphur, Vegetable, Lycopodiuui— s. Wort,
Pcucedanuui.
SULPHURATUS, Sulphureous, Sulphurated.
SULPIIU'REOUS, Sulphuro'sus, Sulphu'rius,
Sulphurn'lus, Sulph' uretttd. Possessing tiie pro-
jierties of, or relating to, or containing sulphur.
SULPHURETTED, Sulphureous — s. Hydro,
gen, see Ilviirogen, sulphureltcd.
SUl-PHURETUM A.M.MONIAC^E, Ammoniio
sulph uretum — s. Ainmoniie hydrogonaluin.Licpior
fumans lioylii — s. Kalicum, Potassii; sulphuretum
— s. Li.xivias, Potassic suljihuretum.
SULPIl'URIC ACID, Ac"idum Sulphu'ricim
seu Sulfnrlcu)n, Oleum Vitrio'li, Spir'ilus Vitri-
oli seu vitrioli fortis, Acidtim vitriol' icum. A,
Vitrioli dephloyistica' turn, Oil of Vitriol, Spirit
of Vitriol, Vitriol'ic Acid, Acor Sulphuris, (F.)
Acide Sulphnrique ou Sulfurique. Sulphuric acid
is inodorous ; has a strong acid taste, and is cor-
rosive. S. g. 1-845 (Ph. U. S.) It is eschnrotic,
stimulant, and rubefacient. Mixed with lard, it is
sometimes used in local pains, and certain cuta-
neous affections.
Sulphuric Acid, Aromat'ic, Ac"idum Sulphu'-
ricum Aromut'icum, A. vitriol' icum aromot'icum,
seu vitriolicum alcoho'le aromaticum. Elixir vitri-
o'lisexi vitrioli aromaticum seu vitrioli Mynsich'-
ti seu vitrioli Edinburgen'sium seu vitrioli cum
tiiictu'rd aromatica seu vitrioli dulce seu ucido-
aromat'icum. Alcohol cum oroniat'ibus suljihuri-
ca'tus, Tinctu'ra acidi sulphurici, is formed of
sulphuric acid, f 5iijss; giuyer, bruised, 5J ; cin-
namon, bruised, .^iss; Alcohol, Oij. — Ph. U. S.
Dose, gtt. X to XXX. Its properties are like those
of the next preparation, than which it is moio
frequently emploj'ed, being more agreeable.
Sulphuric Acid, Dilu'ted, Ac"idum Sulphu'-
ricnm Diln'tum, A. vitriol'icum dilutuin. Elixir
vitrio'li, Spir'itus vitrio'li ae" idus VogWri, Elix-
ir of Vitriol, (F.) Acide sulfurique diliiiji, is
formed, according to the Pharmacopoeia of the
United States, by adding aq. dcstilhit. f^xiij, to
acid, sulph. f^j. It is tonic, astringent, and re-
frigerant. Dose, gtt. X to XX, largely diluted.
When used as a gargle, half a drachm may be
added to ,^vj of water.
Very dilute sulphuric acid was formerly termed
Phlr/jmn vitrioli.
SULPHURIS CARBURETUM, Carbonis sul-
phuretum.
Sulphuris Chloridum, Sulphur, chloride of
— s. Dichloridum, Sulphur, chloride of.
Sulph'uris Io'didum, S. lodure'tnm, Sulphur
loda'tum, Toduret or I'odide of Suljihur, (F.) Sou-
fre lodure, lodure de Soufre. It is thus directed
to be prepared in the Pharmacopoeia of the U. S.
{lofliu. ^\v ; sulphur, ^j.) Rub the iodine and
sulphur together in a glass, porcelain, or luarhlo
mortar, until they are thoroughly mixed. Put
the mixture into a matrass, close the orifice
loosely, and apply a gentle heat, so as to darken
the mass without melting it. When the colour
has become uniformly dnrk throughout, increase
the heat so as to melt the iodide; then incline
the matrass in different directions, in order to re-
turn into the mass any portions of iodine which
may have condensed on the inner surface of the
vessel : lastly, allow the matrass to cool, break
it, and put the iodide into bottles, which are to
be well stopped.
SULPHURIUS, Sulphureous.
SULPH UK OSUS, Sulphureous.
SULPHUROUS, Sulphureous.
Sul'phurous Acid, Ac'idum sulpihuroK'ieum
seu sulph'uris volat'ile seu Sulphuro'sum seu Sul-
furosum, Sj)ir'ilus sulphuris seu sulphuro'sus
volat'ilis seu sulphuris jjer cnmpa'nnm seu vilrio -
li phloyislicn'tus, 0ns sulphuris, (F.) Acide Sul-
fureux, Air Acide Vitriolique. Obtained by
treating mercury with concentrated sulphuric
acid, or by burning sulphur. It is somclimes
SULTZMALT
883
SUPINATOR
used in the gaseous,— at others, in the liquid,
state. Sulphurous acid gas is used to disinfect
clothes, confined air, letters coming from infected
jilaces, &c. It is also exliihitcd, with great suc-
cess, in the form of fumigation, in the treatment
of certain chronic cutaneous affections, and of
sciatic and rheumatic pains in general. If re-
S[iired pure, it acts in the manner of violent irri-
tants : and is not long in producing death.
SULTZMALT, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Sultzmalt is a village in the department of the
Upper Rhine ; where are several sources of cold,
acidulous waters, which seem to contain carhonic
acid, subcarbonate of soda, subcarbonate of lime,
sulphate of lime, and a little bitumen. They are
refrigerant, aperient, and alterative.
SUMAC UES CORROYEURS, Rhus coria-
ria — «. Veiiriieiur, Rhus to.xicodendron.
SUMACH, Rhus coriaria — s. Mountain, Rhus
copallina — s. Poison, Rhus venenata — s. Stag's
Horn, Rhus typhina.
SUMBUL. The Aarae of a root, Snm'hnli rn-
d!x, Jutdmansi, Mni<k-ro(>t, presumed to belong
to the Uml)cllifer:e family, much employed in
Russia and Germany against cholera. Its e.vact
botanical history is not determined. It contains
a strongly odorous principle like that of musk;
and is regarded as an antispasmodic.
SUMIUJLI RADIX, Sumbul root,
SUMEN, Ilypogastrium.
SUMMER COMPLAINT. A popular name
in the United States, for diarrhoea occurring in
summer. It is often, also, made to include dy-
sentery and cholera infantum. With some it
means cholera infantum only.
Si'MMEU Diseases, see Estival — s. Plant winter
worm, Sphaeria Sinensis — s. Rash, Lichen tropicus.
SUMMITAS CUTIS, Epidermis.
v^UMMUS HUMERUS, Acromion.
SUN BURN, Ephelides — s. Dew, Drosera ro-
tundifolia — s. Flower, false, Helenium autuinnale
— s. Flower, swamp, Ilelenium autumnale — s.
Flower, tickweed. Coreopsis triehosperma — s.
Flower, turpentine, Siipiiium perfoliatum — s.
Pain, see Hemicrania — s. Rash, Liclien — s.
Stroke, Coup cle Soldi — s. Stroke, Egyptian,
Coup de Solo'!.
SUPELLECTILE DIOGENIS, Palm.
SUPELLEX ANATOMICA, Museum anato-
micuin — s. Diogenis, Palm.
SUPER. A common Latin prefix; in compo-
sition, signifying' ' above.'
SUPERBUS, Rectus superior oculi.
SUPERCHLORIDUM FORMYLICUM.
Chloroform.
SUPERCILIARTS, Corrugator supercilii.
SUPERCIL'IARY, Supercilw'rh, from miper,
and ciliiiiii, ' the edge of the eyelid.' That which
relates to the supercilia or eyebrows. (F.) Sonr-
cilier pu Siircilier.
Supehcil'iary. Arches, Superciliary Ridges,
Arena supercilin'ren, Siii/r/riDi^din ocnlo'rnm. (F.)
Arcadcn sourcilieres, are two slightly projecting
apophyses, situate at tlie anterior surface of the
OS frontis, above the superior margin of the or-
bits. They are sejiarated by the nasal house, and
covered by the snperciliaris muscle, to which
they give attachment.
ScPF.ncii-iAnv Rinr.RS, Superciliary arches.
SUPERCIL'IUM, OphryH, Oph'ryri, Vnlliim,
(T.) Soiircil. Same etymon. The eyebrows (Sc.)
Jlrrei, (Prov.) Eye-breen, are two arched emi-
nences,— convex ahove, and more or less promi-
nent, according to the individual, — which lie on
the superciliary arch of the os frontis, above the
eyelids, and extend from the si<les of the root of
the nose to the temple. Their inner extremity or
hrnd is more ju-ominent tlian the outer or toil.
The eyebrows are covered with short and stifif
'i hairs, which are directed, obliquely, from within
Ij outwards, and are, commonly, of the colour of
the hair. The skin in which these hairs are im-
planted, rests on the orbicularis polpebraruiii,
froutdlis, and supfrciliaris muscles, which move
the e3'cbrows in different directions. The eye-
brows serve as an ornament to the countenance;
and hy covering the eye defend it froai the im-
pression of too strong a light. They direct the
perspiration also from the ej-e.
Slti'krcilium Acetab'ili. The edge of the
cotyloid cavity of the os innominatum.
SUPERCONCEPTION, see Superfcjetation.
SUPERKVACUATIO Hvpercrisis.
SUPERFECUNDATION, see Snperfoetation.
SUPERFIBRINATION, Ilyperinosis.
SVPERFICIA'LJS COL\A,'Sub<uio',ieus Colli.
A nerve formed by communicating branches froth
the second and third cervical nerves. It is dis-
tributed to the superficial parts of the neck.
SUPERFICIES ORBITALIS, see Maxillary
bone (superior) — s. Plantaris Pedis, Sole.
SUPERFQ'X'UNDATIO, Superfoetation.
SUPER FffiTATIO, SuperfaUation.
SUPERFCETA'TION, Super/atn'lio, Epicye'-
sis, Hypercye'sis, Hypercye'mo, Superimpraijua' -
tio, Epiy'oue, Super/cecuiidn'lio, Siiper/ecutnla'-
tioii, Siiperimprerjna'tiou, from super and /(efare,
'to breed.' Conception of a foetus — epieyc'nici —
in a uterus which already contains one. The im-
pregnation of a female already pregnant. The
possibility of this has been denied; but there is
abundant evidence to show, that it is possible at
a very early period of pregnancy. Twin cases
may be of this kind of supejconreption.
SUPERGEMINALIS, Epididymis.
SUPERGENUALIS, Patella.
SUPERIIUMERALE. Epomis.
SUPERIMPR.EGNATIO, Superfoetation.
SUPERIOR AURIS, Attollens aurem— s. Ro-
tundus clitoridis, Isehio-cavernosus.
SUPERLABIA. Clitoris.
SUPERLIGAMEN, Epidesmus.
SUPERLKiULA, Epigb.ttis.
SUPERNUMERARY FINGER, Digitus su-
pernumerarius.
j SUPERNUTRITIO LIENIS, Splenoncus— s,
Splenis, Splenoncus.
SUPEROXALAS KALICUM, Potass, oxalate
of.
SUPERPURGATIO. Ilvpercatharsis.
SUPERSCAPULARIS, Supraspinatus— s. In-
ferior, Infra-spinal us.
SUPINATEUR COURT on PETIT, Supi-
nator radii brevis — «. Grand ou lonrj. Supinator
radii longus.
SUPINA'TION, Snpinn'tio. (rom suplnus, 'ly-
ing on the back.' The movement in which the
forearm and hand are carried outwards, so that
the anterior snr''i\ce of the latter becomes superior.
In Pathology, Supi)i(>tiou, Supluit'ti'o.f/yptias'-
ma, Hyptins'mus, means the horizontal position
on the back, with the head thrown back, and tlie
legs and arms extended. It is often a sign of
great weakness in disease.
SUPINA'TOR. Same etymon. That which
produces supination. A name given to two mus-
cles of the forearm.
Si'PiSATOR Brevis seu Minor, Supinator radii
brevis — s. Longus seu major. Supinator radii
lonsrns.
Sl'Pj,N'ATOR RAnil Brevis, S. breris seu minor,
(F.) Epiconilylo-rodial (Ch.), Supinolpnr court
ou petit supiuateur. A muscle, seated at the
outer and back part of the forearm. It is fi.it-
tened, triangular, and curved upon itself, in such
a manner tlnit it embraces the superior extremity
of the radius. It is attached, on the one hand,
to the external tuberosity of the humerus, and to
SUPPEDANEA
884
SURA
n small portion of the posterior surface of the
iilnii, and is inserted into the upper third of the
(inter and upper surfaces of the radius. It
produces, by contracting, the motion of supination.
SuriNAToii Radii Longus, S. hmgua sive ma-
jor, JJftt'chio-radiii'lis, (F.) Hiimero-mis-radial
(Ch.), Long ou grand aiipinateiir, is seated at the
anterior and outer part of the forearm. It arises
from tlie inferior part of the outer edge of the os
luimeri, and from the external intermuscular
aponeurosis; and is inserted, by a long tendon,
into the outer edge of the radius, near the base of
tlie styloid process. It causes the supination of
the forearm, which it can likewise bend on the arm.
SUPPEDAXEA, Hypopodia.
SUPPLANTALIA, Hypopodia.
SUPPLEMENTA EPIPLOICA, Appendiculae
pinguedinosic.
SUPPLEMENTARY AIR, see Respiration.
SUPPORTER, ABDOMINAL, Belt, Russian
— s. Utero-Aliilominal, see Belt, Russian.
SUPPOSITION BE PART, Pregnancy, pre-
tended.
SUPPOSTTOIRE, Suppositorium.
SUPPOSITORIUM, Suppository — s. Uteri-
num. Pessary.
SUPPOS'ITORY, Siippnuito'rinm, Ilypoth'-
etoii, Bficil'liiK, Balantu' nius, Ihd'aiiiis, Glaim, G.
siihd{dit"iii,A'od'idus iiitentiiKi'lln, from siippoiiere,
siipptmitiim, {sub and prinere, ' to put,) ' to Jiut un-
der,' (F.) Sii]>pi»iitoire. A solid medicine, in the
form of a cone or cylinder, intended to be intro-
duced into the rectum; — either for the purpose
of favouring intestinal evacuations, or to act as
an anodyne. Purgative suppositories are made
of soap, aloes, or any other irritating substance.
SUPPRESSIO ALVI, Constipation — s. Lo-
chiorum, Ischoloehia — s. Lotii, Ischuria — s. Men-
sium, Amenorrhoea — s. Menstruationis, Amenor-
rlirea — s. Sudoris. Ischidrosis.
SUPPRESSION 1)U ELUX MENSTRU-
EL, Amenorrhoea — s. de Part, see Parturition —
«. (/' Urine, Ischuria.
SUPPURANS, Suppurative.
SUPPURARE, Suppurate.
SUP'PURATE, Siippnra're, (F.) Suppurer,
(Prov.) Hinl ^vulgnrly). To form or secrete pus.
SUPPURA'TION, Siippiira'tio, Siihpiira'tlo,
Hcpye' ma, I'liriilen'tia, Pyo'sin, Pye'eis, Diapye'-
iiia, Dlapye'iiin, Pyngen' ia shnji/ex, Pu'rulence,
Pu'ridenvy, Gath'eriiuj, (F.) Ah<»iti>i8emeiit. For-
mation or secretion of pus, (see, also Pyixjenia,)
from »iih, 'under,' and pus, pun's. It is a fre-
quent termination of inflammation, and may oc-
cur in almost any of the tissues. This termina-
tion is announced by slight chills; by remission
of the pain, which, from being lancinating, be-
comes heavy; by a sense of weight in the part,
and. when the collection of pus can be easily felt,
hy fluctuation. When pus is thus formed in the
areolar membrane, and is co'lected in one or more
cavities, it constitutes an abscess. If it be formed
from a surface exposed to the air, it is an nicer :
and such ulcers we are in the habit of establish-
ing artificially in certain cases of disease.
SUP'PURATIVE, Siippn'rniis, Siqipurati'vns,
Diojiye'ticns, Erpyn'ticiis, Ecpyiscoii'lns, (F.)
Siippiiraiif. Same etymon. That which facili-
tates suppuration. Suppuratives are, generally,
vesicants mixed with lard.
SUPPURER, Suppurate.
SUPRA. A common Latin prefix; in compo-
sition, signifying 'above.'
SUPRA-COSTA'LES, Levato'res Costa'rum,
(F.) Snr-cnslau.r, from supra, and cnata, 'a rib.'
A name given to twelve small, fleshy fasciculi,
■which are fliattened, triangular, and with radiat-
ing fibres. They pass from the transverse pro-
cesses of the dorsal vertebrse to the superior mar-
gin of the rib beneath. Spigelius, Cowper, Boyer,
Chaussier, and otliers, consider them to form
part of tlic intercostales extern!.
SUPRA-UEPATIO VEINS, see Hepatic
veins.
SUPRA-OMPHALODYMIA, see Somatody-
mia — s. et Infra-omphalodymia, see Somatody-
mia.
SUPRA-OR'BITAR, Snpra-orhita'lia, Supra-
orbita'ruts, (F.) Siia-nrbilaire, from eiipra, and
orbita, ' the orbit.' That which is situate above
the orbit.
SuprA-Or'bitAR Fora'men, F. Supra -orbita'.
riidii seu orbiiariinn siipe'riue, (F. ) Trvii aiia-orbl-
taire ou orbilaire stiperieiir, is a foramen or notch
completed by a ligament at the inner third of the
orbitar arch. It gives passage to the anjira-arbi-
tar or superciliary artery, a branch of tlie oph-
thalmic, which ascends the forehead, and is dis-
tributed thereto.
SUPRA-PU'BIAN, Siipra-ptibic, Snpra.pnh-
ia'inis, from supra, and ^jiite.'*. That which is
seated above the pubis.
StiPKA-PuBiAN Nkuve, (F.) Nerf sua-pubien, is
the internal ramus of the inguino-cutancoiis
branch of tlie first lumbar nerve. It is \.\\i ijeniU)-
crnral branch of Bidiat. It descends almost ver-
tically before tlie psoas muscle ; and, near the
crural arch, divides into two branches. One of
these accompanies the spermatic cord, and is dis-
tributed to the cremaster, scrotum, and integu-
ments on the inner part of the thigh. The other
issues from the pelvis with the femoral filaments;
traverses the aponeurosis of the thigh, and is dis-
tributed to the integuments of the upper and
anterior part of tlie limb.
SUPRA-RE'NAL, Snpra-rena'lis, (F.) Siirri-
nal, from supra, and reu, ' the kidney,' Seated
above tlie kidney — as the supra-renal capsule.
SUPRA-SCAP'ULAR : Supra-scapula'ris.hom
aupra,!ind scapula. Seated above the scapula ; — as
SupRA-scAPULAU Nervk. This arises from
the fifth cervical ; passes through the su]>ra-sca-
pular notch, and is distributed to the supra-spi-
natus and infra-s|iinatns muscles.
SUPRA-SCAPULARIS, Supra-scapular, and
Supra-spinatus muscle.
SUPRA- SEMIORBICULARIS, Orbicularis
oris.
SUPRA-SPINA'TUS, Supra-spi,w'sus, (F.)
Stir-fpiueux, Siis-epineux, from supra, and sjiimi.
That which is seated above the sjiine.
SUPRA-.SPINATA FoSPA, (F.) Fosse svs.epiiiruse,
is a triangular depression above the spine of the
scapula.
Supra-Spinatus Muscle, Super-scapula' ris,
Su]>ra-acajiuliiria, (F.) Sua-spiuo-scapula-irochi-
terien, Petit eus-scapulo-trochithii-n (Ch.), is
situated in the fossa suj^ra-spinata. It is elon-
gated, thick, and triangular, and is attached, on
tlie one hand, to the two inner thirds of the Un-m
supra-spinata ; and terminates, on the other, at
the anterior part of the great tuberosity of the
humerus. This muscle raises the arm.
SuPRA-SpiNo'SA LiGAMKN'tA, Supra-spiual
lifj'ameuts, are two in number. L The Durso-
lunibo-aupra-spinal ligament, (F.) Liijauient sur-
epineux dorso-lombaire, extending above tlie spi-
nous processes of the dorsal and lumliar vertebras
from the 7th cervical as far as the median crista
of the sacrum. 2. Crrvical-aupra-sjiiiatl liiininiiil.
(F.) Lif/ament aur-epiucux cervical, which ex-
tends above all the cervical sjiinous processes,
and is attached, above, to the outer occipital pro-
tuberance.
SUE, Supra. A French prefix, signifying
' above.'
SURA, Onstrocnc'me, Gastrocne'mia, Gastrnc-
ne'mium; Calf of the ley, (F.) Jlvllet, Grua de
SURCILFER
885
SUSPENSORY
Jiimhe. The projection, formed at tlio posterior
part of tlio leg by tlie gnstrocnemii muscle. Also,
the filinla.
SUl{CIfjlL'I{, Corrugator supercilii, Superci-
liary.
SUnCOSTA T7X, Supracostalos.
SrnCULA riOX, see (Jeneration.
BrKCl'LI FELLKI, Pori biliurii.
SUIUTMIS, Uainusfulus.
SVIlDICyT {¥.), from »»)•, and detin, 'a tooth.'
When !i uiilk-tuoth does not fall out at the period
of the second dentition, but is merely forced to
one side by the new tooth, it is called a surdent.
,^UIll)r MUTfT£\ Mutitas surdoruin.
BUUIJITAS, Cophosis, Deafness.
SCRDITE, Cophosis, Deafness.
Fl'UDOMUTITAS, Deaf-dumbness.
SUKDUS, Deaf.
Sl'IiKAU COMMUN, Sambuous,
SUKEIjJ.E, Oxiilis acctosclla, llumex acetosa.
Sinif:rL\KrX, Sujira-splnatus.
SUR-KXCirATlON, see Excitement, and
Super-e.\citation.
SUKFFilT, Acrasia, Colica crapulosa.
SUIUiEON, Clilni)-';/eo)i : Chiro'nux, Cln'nir'-
(/iin, Vid'ueriim vied'icun, Chei'n'd'ter, CIn'ria'fer,
JalniK, (F.) C/iiriirt/ieii, old French, Siiryiev, from
Xiifl- 'the hand,' and fpyor, 'work.' One who
practises surgery. The surgeon, says Celsus,
ought to be young, or, at all events, not advanced
in life. His hand must be steady, expert, and
never tremulous : he must use the right or left
with equal facility : his sight must be clear and
penetrating: his mind intrepid; and, although
unmoved when he procee<ls to operate, he must
not be in haste, nor cut less than is necessary,
but finish his operation, as if.the cries of the pa-
tient made no impression upon him.
In the middle ages, the Universities of Italy
and Spain sent out educated surgeons, as well as
physicians, under the name ehir>tr'</i-pln/H'ici.
SUIIGEON-APOTII'ECARY. One who unites
the practice of surgery with that of the apothe-
cary. A gfunral practitioner. He is the ordinary
nu'ilirfd wan or family medical attendant in Eng-
land. See Apotliecarv.
SURGEON-DENTIST, Dentist.
SUR'OEONCY. The office of a surgeon.
SUR'GERY. Chiriir'f,ia, Cliiriatri'a, Clieiri.r'-
»'«, Chi'riais, Chirix'is, Cliiriu'vniH, Mtlaclieirix'in,
Melaciii'rinis, J/etachiriu'vitin, Tracta'tio liianiia'-
ria, Ifedir'iiia operati'va seu ef'fica.r, (F.) Chi-
riirgie. Same etymon as surgeon. The part of
the healing art which relates to external diseases:
their treatment; and, especially, to the manual
operiitions adapted for their cure. Also, the office
of a surgeon.
Si'iiOKKV, Anaplastic, Morioplastice — s. Au-
toplastic, Morioplastice — s. Conservative, Surgery,
salvation — s. Dental, Dentistry.
SuRC.KltV, Mll/lTARV, Chirur'gin militn'ris,
(F.) Cliinir;/ie viilitaire, is that which relates to
the operations to be performed on the field of
battle, or subseciuently ; — with the attention to be
paiil to the wounded, Ac.
Si'HGKRY, Op'khative, IS termed Aeinr'gin,
Aciir'yia, and Acidur'gia, (F.) Ilideciue opera-
toire.
Surgery, Plastic, Morioplastice.
SiMiGERV, Sai.va'tion, Confer' valine Snr'ger;/,
is that which looks rather to the preservation of
:i, limb for example than its removal. One, who
is addicted to operating in almost all cases, is
sometimes called a kni/esinau.
SUR'OICAU. Cliirur'ijicua, (F.) Chinirgtca?,
Chirurfjiqiie. Same etymon. That which relates
to surgery ; as mtrgical anatomy, surgical opera-
tions, lur</icann8truments, &c.
SniniEX. Surgeon.
SURIN AIM INE, see Geoffrnea Surinamensis.
HIR-IRRITATIOX, see Irritation.
SUItXUMEHAIRE (Doigt), Digitus super-
nuinerarius.
SVnOXYGEXESES. Fr-ora «»>• and oxygen.
A name given by Baumes to diseases attributed
by him to superabundance of oxygen.
SURPEAU, Epidermis.
SURRECTA ALBA, Ranunculus flammula.
SUR-REXAL. Supra- renal.
SURROGATUM, Sueeedaneum.
SURSELS, see Salt.
SURTOUrS LIGAMENTEUX BE LA CO-
LOXXE VERTEBRALE, Vertebral ligaments.
SURUJIPE{S.) A disease to which the tra-
veller in the Cordilleras is liable. It consists of
a violent inflammation of the eyes, caused by the
reflection of the bright rays of the sun. The con-
junctiva is highly inflamed, and the lids swell
and bleed. The pain is intense, and frequently
induces delirium. — Tsehudi.
SURVIE, Survivorship.
SURVI'VORSIIIP, (F.) Snrvie, from super-
vivere, (super, and vivere,) (F.) stirvirre, 'to live
longer.' In legal medicine, this word means the
probability that any individual has survived
others in an accident, which has been fatal to all.
This is often an important question, connected
with the ijiheritaiice of property, and on which
physiology can rarely afford more than presump-
tive grounds for conclusion.
SUS, SUSUM, (F.) Siis, same as Sursum,
' above.' A F'rench prefix, signifying ' above,' as
in
S'Uf^-A CROMW-HUMERAL, Deltoid.
SUS-CARPIEX ; SUS, and carpe, 'the wrist.'
Above the wrist. An epithet given by Chaussier
to the dorsal artery of the wrist — Artere sus-car-
pienne — a branch of the radial.
SUS-EPIXEUX, Supra-spinatus— «. 3faxillo.
labial. Levator anguli oris — s. Maxillo-lahial,
grand. Levator labii superioris alajcpie nasi — s.
Maxillo-labial rnoi/en, Levator labii superioris
proprius — «. Maxillu-nasal, Compressor naris —
s. ()ni]ili(il(jdi/mie, see Somatodymia — «. Optico-
spheno-scleroticien, Rectus superior oculi — s. Or-
hltaire, Supra-orbitar — «. Phalangien du pouce,
Abductor pollicis brevis — «. Pubio-feiuoral, Pec-
tinalis — s. Scaptdo-trochiterien le plus petit.
Teres minor — s. Seapulo-trocliiterien ])ctit, Su-
pra-spinatus— s. Spino-scapulo-trochiterien, Su-
pra-spinatus.
SUSCEPTIBIL'ITY, facile suscipiens, (sus,
and capio, 'I take,') 'easily taking, or under-
taking.' Sensibility, in its most enlarged accep-
tation. Impressibility. This term, with the ei)i-
thet nervous, is sometimes used for that increase
in the moral sensibility which is particularly ob-
served in nervous affections.
SUSCEPTIO INTESTINORUM, Intussuscep-
tion.
SUSPENDICULUM, Cremaster.
SUSPENSA. Enseorema.
S USP EXSE UR. S u s p e n s ory .
SCSPEXSO IR R, Suspensory.
SUSPENSORIUM, Suspensory — s. Hepatis,
Suspensory ligament of the liver — s. Testis, Cre-
master.
SUSPEN'SORY, Suspense' rius, from susj^en-
dere, (sus, and pendere, ' to hang,') ' to hang up.'
(F.) Suspenseur. That which sustains or sus-
pends.
Suspensory Bandage, Suspenso'rium, Suspen-
soir ou Suspensoire, is a bandage intended to sup-
port the scrotum, in cases of diseases of the tes-
ticle or of scrotal hernia. It consists of a kind
of bag, fixed above to a cincture, and retained
SUSPENSUM
886
SUTURE
bolow by strings passing between tbe tbighs, and
fixed to the cincture behind.
SrSPENSOIlY LlGAMKNT OP THE LiVER, Liga-
meii'tiim latum, Simpeuno'rhtm he'pntis, Perpen-
cli'c'iiluin he'piitis, is a triangular duplicature of
the peritoneum, between tlie inferior surface of
the diaphragm and the upper surface of the liver,
which is continuous with the great falx of tbe
umbilical vein.
SiLSPioNsoRY Ligament of the Penis is a fibro-
ccllular fascia, of a triangular shape, which ex-
tends from the anterior part of the symphysis
pubis to the corpus cavernosum, which it sustains.
A similar liffaTnont belongs to the clitoris.
SUSPENSUM, Enaeorema — s. Urinoe, Enajo-
rema.
SUSPIRATION, Suspirium.
SUSPIRATUS, Suspirium.
SUSPIRITUS, Suspirium.
SUSPIR'IUM, Siispir.t'tio, Suspirn'tiis, Sns-
pir'itus, from sus, and uplro, 'I breathe;' J/i/,'/-
Tiius, JHych'mus, ^fychthis'mus, Stenatj'tniis, Sle-
ti'ix'ii, Sigh, Simpira'tion, (F.) Soupir. A short
breathing. A slow, voluntary contraction of the
diaphragm and intercostal muscles, tbe effect of
which is to restore the due relation between the
circulation and respiration, or to free ourselves
from an inconvenient sense of weight felt in tbe
chest, when we are much depressed, — a weight,
which appears to be chiefly dependent on the
functions of the heart being disturbed through
the moral influence. The sigh differs from the
nob: — the latter being involuntary and spasmodic.
Sighing, occurring in fevers to a great extent, in-
dicates considerable depression. When accom-
panied with a vocal sound, it constitutes a groan.
SuspiiiiiTM CARniAcuM, Angina pectoris.
SUSTENTACULUM, Aliment.
SUSTENTATOR CLITORIDIS, Erector clito-
ridis — s. Penis, Erector penis.
SUSURRATION, Whispering.
S U S U R 11 U S, Bourduiiueiiient — S. Aurium,
Tinnitus aurium.
SUTELA, Suture.
SUTERBERRY, Xanthoxylum fraxineum.
SUTORIUS, Sartorius.
SUTTER, Saccharum.
SUTURA ABDOMINALIS, Gastroraphy —
s. Arcualis, Coronal suture — s. Biparietalis, Sa-
gittal suture — s. Clavata, Suture, quilled — s.
Corporis callosi externa, see Raphe — s. Cranii
squamosa. Squamous suture — s. Dentata, see
Suture — s. Frontoparietalis, Coronal suture — s.
Interparietalis, Sagittal suture — s. Jugalis, Sa-
gittal suture — s. Lambdoidalis, Lambdoid suture
— s. Limbosa, see Suture — s. Lepidoides, Squa-
mous suture — s. Mendosa, Squamous suture — s.
Notha, see Suture — s. Obelsea, Sagittal suture —
s. Ossium Spuria, Harmony — s. Prorae, Lamb-
doid suture — s. Punctata, Suture, common — s.
Puppis, Coronal suture — s. Rhabdoides, Sagittal
suture — s. Serrata, see Suture, Sagittal suture — s.
Spuria, see Suture — s. Squamosa, see Suture — s.
Vera, see Suture.
SUTURAL, SiitHra'h's ; same etymon as the
next. Relating to a suture.
SUTURE, Sntn'ra, Sufe'Ia, Arme, RhnpU,
from siiere, siitiim, 'to stitch;' Dove-tail joint, (F.)
Jf^iigreiiitre. A kind of immovable articulation,
in which the bones unite by means of serrated
edges, which are, as it were, clove-tailed into each
oilier. The articulations of the greater part of
the bones of the skull are of this kind. The
roronal, lambdoidal, and sagittal sutures are
called true sutures, sutit'rce vera, the two temporal
are cnWed false sutureg, suturcB notha seu epu'rim
seu sqnamo'sa.
A dentated suture — Sutu'ra denta'ta — is one
iu which the processes are long and dentiform,
as in the interparietal suture. In a nrrratrd
suture — sutu'ra sen syiittiji-' is serra'ta — tlie in-
dentations and processes are small and line, like
the teeth of a raw, as in tlie suture between the
two portions of the frontal bone. In the sutu'ru
limho'sa there is along witli the dentated mar-
gins a degree of bevelling of one, so tliat one
bgne rests on the other, as in tbe occipito parie-
tal suture.
SuTi'iiR, in Surgery, lllia'plii\ means an opera-
tion which consists in stitdiing tlie lips of a wound
to procure their union. Tlie suture was, at one
time, largely employed ; but, in modern times,
its use has been wisely restricted. There are few
wounds in which the edges may not be brought
together by adhesive jilastcr ajipropriately aji-
plied. This kind of union, by adhesive ]>hister
simply, has been absurdly termed Sulura sicca
or dry suture, in opposition to the Sulura cruetita
or suture properly so called. The suture is gene-
rally performed with waxed thread and straight
or curved needles, according to the arrangement
of parts.
The chief sutures are tbe iutcrrujitcd suture,
tbe quilled suture, the glover's suture, and the
twisted suture. 1. The lNTElUil'l>'Ti;i) Sl'TtiliR,
(F.) Suture d points scpares. Suture eutrevoupi'e,
is performed by passing a needle, armed with a
ligature, through the lips of the wound previ-
ously brought into contact; and then tying the
extremities of the tliread. The other stitelics
are made in the same manner. They are sepa-
rate or interrupted. It is the suture most com-
monly used. 2. The Qiiiltjid Sutuke, Sutarn
clava'ta, (F.) Suture euchevitlee ou euipluviee ou
empenuee. Compound Suture, is merely the inter-
rupted suture, with this difference, that the liga-
tures are not tied over the face of the wound, liut
over two quills or rolls of plaster, or bougies,
which are laid along the sides of the wound. It
is used by some surgeons, on account of there
being less danger of the stitches tearing out. It
is not much employed. The Clavp Si)TunE,
used by Dr. Sims, of New York, in the treatment
of vesico-vaginal tistulse, is a modification of this.
It is formed by two cylinders of silver or lead,
perforated at several points for the passage of
small pieces of fine silver wire, which are to
supply the places of thread, and are prevented
from slipping by perforated shot carried down
upon them, pressed against the cylinders, and
kept in situ by being firmly pinched with j)Iiers.
.3. Tbe Glover's Sutitkr, Contiu'ued or tlnin-
terrup'ted Suture, (F.) Suture de I'ellctier, ou en
surget, is executed by introducing the needle first
into one lip of the wound from within outwards,
then into tbe other in the same way; and, in
this manner, sewing up the whole extent of the
wound. It has been chiefly used in wounds of
the intestinal canal. It is now rarely employed
except for stitching up dead liodies. The com-
mon stitch or suture, Sutura j-iuncta'ta. (F.) Su-
ture ct, points passes, has been used in similar
cases. 4. The Royal Stitch or SuTutiE is tiie
name of an old operation for the cure of bubono-
cele. It consisted in putting a ligature under
the hernial sac, close to the abdominal ring, and
then tying that part of the sac, so as to render it
impervious by the adhesive inflammation thus
excited. 5. The Twisted Sutuhe. (F.) Suture
eutortillee, is employed, chiefly, to unite wounds
of the cheeks and of the free edges of the lips.
To perform it, a pin or needle is passed thrcuigh
the edges of the wound, so as to keep them ac-
curately in contact. A piece of thread is then
wound accurately around the pin, from one side
of the division to the other, in the form of the
figure 00 . The number of pins and sutures must,
of course, correspond with the extent of the
SWAB
887
STCEPHA.LUS
•wound. Tliis is the suturo used in cnses of hare-
lip. Tiie IhiTTON KirriJiiK, of Dr. Bo/.oninn, of
Alabama, employed in vesieo-vaginal fistula, is a
modification of this. 6. The SdTUUE A AKSE,
of Le Drnn, has only been employed in cases of
■wounds of the intestines. For this purpose, the
cd^'es of the wound are broujrht together, and as
many needles, with un waxed threads, used* as
there are to be stitches. Each stitch is then
made by passinj^ a needle throujjh the edges ; and
all the ligatures which belong to one side of the
wound are tied together, and twisted so as to form
a thread, which is fixed externally. 7. The Im-
)>lanti;d SuTDitK, (F.) Suture imphint^e, is formed
by pins arranged parallel to the edges of the
wound, and imjiluiited in their substance. By
means of threads, the needles are approximated
so as to bring the edges of the wound together.
8. The Plastic SintitK, so called by Prof. Pan-
coast, of Philadelphia, its proposer, is a suture by
tongue and groove. The groove is niiido by an
incision in the part, which is to receive the fiap.
The tongue is made on the flap by bevelling oft'
the two surfaces, cuticular and adipose. The
suture is made by passing a loop of thread, by two
punctures, deep through the inner lip of the
groove. The two needles are passed through the
base of the tongue, and again through the outer
lip of the groove. The two ends of the thread
are then tied over a small roll of adhesive plas-
ter, by which the tongue is, of necessity, forced
deep into the groove. Four raw surfaces arc thus
firmly held in connection, making the union of
parts, by this suture, a very certain process.
Si'TURK, Button, see Suture, (twisted) — s.
Slamp, see Suture, (quilled) — s. Compound,
Suture, quilled — s. Continued, Suture, glover's
— «. Bcni'HeitKe, Squamous suture — s. Eiiipen-
nfe, Suture, quilled — s. Emphiiiiee, Suture, quilled
— «. EiichcvillSe, Suture, quilled — «. Enlortillee,
Suture, twisted — s. EHlrecoii])ee, Suture, inter-
rupted— s. False, Harmony, see Suture — «. Im-
jdaiilce, see Suture, (implanted) — s. Oodpitide,
Larabdoid suture — s. Occiiiito-parietal, Lambdoid
suture — ft. de Pelletier, Suture, glover's — s. Pe-
rineal, Perinicorrhaphy — s. Plastic, see Suture
— ». (2 Points ]T(sses, Suture, common — s. d
Poiiitu afjxtics, Suture, interrupted — s. Sagittal,
see Sagittal suture — «. SqiKtmcKse, Squamous
suture — ». en Surijet, Suture, glover's — s. Super-
ficial, Harmony — s. Uninterrupted, see Suture,
glover's.
SWAB, from Sax. rPebban, 'to clean with a
mop.' A piece of sponge or rag tied to a rod of
whalebone or wood, for cleansing the mouth of
the sick, or applying remedial agents to deep-
seated parts. The process is termed Strabhlng.
SWADDLING CLOTHES, Swathing clothes.
SWA(}BELLY, Physconia.
SWALLOW, Hirundo — s. AVort, Aselepias
vincetoxicum — s. Wort, orange, Aselepias tube-
rosa — s. Wort, tuberous-rooted, Aselepias tuberosa
— s. Wort, white, Aselepias vincetoxicum.
SWALLOW'S NEST, Nidus hirundinis.
SWALME, Excrescence, Tumour.
SWAMP CABBAGE. Dracontium foctidum —
s. Dogwood, Petela trifoliata — s. Sickness, Milk
sickness — s. Wood, Cephalanthus occidentalis,
Dirca palustris.
SWABFF. Stupor. Svncope.
SWATHING CLOTHES, StmdflUng Clothes,
LiciiiKili'iilii, Fiiacicp. Piiinii. from Sax. rpet>an,
'to bind.' (F.) Mdillot. The kind of clothing
or bandairing formerly applii-d to children dur-
ing the first year of life. It is now, properly,
laid aside, anil every freedom allowed to muscu-
lar exertion.
SWEAT, Sudor — s. Bloody, Sudor cruentus —
s. Glands, see Perspiration — s. Root, Polemo-
nium reptans — s. Scab, Crusta genu equinae.
SWEATING, Ephidrosis— s. Bath, Achicoluni
— s. of Blood, see Diapedesis, and Sudor cruentus
— s. House, Achicolum — s. Plant, Eupatorium
perfoliatum — s. lloom, Achicolum — s. Sickness,
Sudor Anglicus.
Sweating Sickness, Malwah. A disease
which apjiears to be allied to the worst form of
cholera, and to bear a close relation to malignant
congestive fever. As its name imports, it occurs
in Malwah in India.
SWEBBING, Syncope.
SWEE, Vertigo.
SWEEMING, Syncope.
SWEEMISH, see Syncope.
SWEET BITTER, Triosteum—s. Bread, Pan-
creas, Thymus — s. Bush, Comptonia as])lenifoli;x
— s. Fern, C'omi)tonia asplcnifolia — s. Flag, Acorus
calamus — s. Pod, Ceratonium siliqua — s. Root,
Aralia nudicaulis.
SWELLING, Eponnste'mn, Exar'ma, Exoede'-
ain, PicKi'fi, PrennKi, Onciie, Ejctiivie/'ac'tio, Tumor,
Tumcfuv'lio, (Prov.) nUiiriii;,. Bo!hI, Void, (Old
Eng.) Boehe, Bolh/nrje, Bohiiiig, (F.) L'li/liirc,
Gdiijicmevt, from Sax. fPellan, (D.) swelleu
(G.) schwellen, ' to swell,' Morbid increase
of bulk in the whole, or a part, of the body. See
Tumour.
Swelling, White, Hydrarthrus.
SWENSIE, Cvnanche.
SWENYNG, Somnium.
SWERF, Stupor, Syncope.
SWEKTIA CIIIRAYITA, Gentiana chirayita
— s. Difl'onnis, see Caluiiiba — s. Frascra, see
Calumba — s. Lutea, Gentiana lutea.
SWEUIN. Somnium.
SWEVYNG. Somnium.
SWEVYNYNG. Somnium.
SWIETE'NIA FEBRIF'ITGA, after Van
Swieten, S. So'inidn, Soyni^ida sen Cedre'io fe-
hrif'vijn, Feb'rifiifie Swiete'uin, (F.) Jiliiliogiiii
f<'hr\fii(je. Ord. Meliaces?. Sex. Si/st. Decan-
dria Monogynia. The bark of this tree, which is
a native of the East Indies, called there ItuheiiH
Baric, has an aromatic odour and bitter taste. It
is tonic and stomachic, and has been used in in-
termittents, and in diseases where bitter tonics
are indicated. Dose, ^j to Qij of the powder.
Swiete'niA Mahog'ani, Cednm Mohotj'ovi,
Mlahoijiiiiy Tree, grows in the M'est Indies and
tropical America, and is possessed of similar pro-
perties.
Saviete'niA Sexegalen'siS. Khayo Senegalen'-
Ria. A common forest tree on the borders of the
Gambia. The bark called Ctn'l-ccdra, and A'ure<>ii
Khayi, is bitter and antiperiodie.
SwiETENiA SoMiPA, S. Febrifuga.
SWIM, Air bladder.
SWIMRLADDER, Air bladder.
SWIMMING. Natation— s. Bladder, Air blad-
der— s. of the Head, Vertigo. -
SWINACIE, Cvnanche tonsillaris.
SWINE-POX, see Varicella.
SWINE-SAME. Adeps.
SWINE-THISTLE, Sonchus.
SWINNYING, Vertigo.
SWOON, Syncope.
SWOONING, Syncope.
SWOUNDING, Syncope.
SYALADENI'TliS, luflnmma'tio glmuhdn'-
nun aalira'liuiii, from innAov, ' saliva,' a^riv, ' .^,
gland,' and itia, denoting inflamruition. Inflam-
mation of the salivary glands.
SYCAMINOS. Morus nigra.
SYCAMINUM. see Morus nigra.
SYCE, Ficus. Ficus carica.
SYCEA. Ficus.
SYCEPH'ALUS, from ow, ' with,' ' together,'
SYCION
SYMPATHY
and Kt<t>a\ri, 'head.' A monster having two heads
united too;ether.
SY'CION, lyvKtov, from avKov, 'a fig.' A decoc-
tion of dried figs.
SY'CIOS ANGULA'TUS. One-seeded star
ciiciiniber. Wild Bry'otit/. The roots and seeds
of this indigenous plant, Order, CucurbitaceiB,
arc hitter, purgative and diuretic. It is used in
dropsy in the same eases as bryony.
SYCI'TES, from trvKov, ' a fig.' Wine, in which
figs have been infused.
SvoiTRS, Catorchites.
SYCOMA, Fieus.
SYCO'SIS. Same etymon. A tumour of the
shape of a fig. Also, a fungous ulcer. A horny
excrescence about the eyelids. Dr. Bateman
defines it: — an eruption of inflamed but not very
hard tubercles occurring on the bearded portion
of the face and on the scalp, in adults; and
usually clustering together in irregular patches ;
— Plii/inn Si/cdsix, Jioae'dla fico'sn, Acne men'ta-
gra. Of this he has given two species: 1. Syco-
sis Ifeiiti, S. httrhoBf Men'tagrn, Meiitl'(/o, Varus
Ifen'trifjra, 3feiitn(/roph'yta, Chinwelk, Chrnwlielk,
linrhtr's Itch, (F.) Dartre piistu/eiise weiitiigre :
and, 2. Sycosis Capil'/i, S. CapiUit"ii. The
treatment, in both cases, resembles that for por-
rigo favosa.
Sycosis, Ficus.
SYCUM, Ficus.
RYDERATIO, Sideratio.
SYLLEPSIS. Conception.
SYLLEPSIOLOG"IA, from avWvlii, 'con-
ception,' and Aoyoj, 'a description.' The doctrine
of conception.
SYM, SYN, cvv, 'with, together,' like the ctim,
con, col, cor, Ac, of the Latins. A common
prefix. Before b, p, ph, ps, and m, — sym, or
a-y/i, is changed into aym or xym, (com ;) before
e. rh, g. Ic, and x, into syn civ xyn, avy, fuy, (con ;)
before I into syl or xyl, (col ;) before /• into syr or
xyr (cor :) and before s into sy or ay, and sys, (co
and COS.)
SYAIBLEPHARON. Ankyloblepharon.
SYMBLEPHARO'SIS, Concre'tio polpcbm'-
rnm cum bidho oc'uli, from sym, and (iXcipapov, 'an
eyelid.' A preternatural adhesion between the
eyelids ; and especially between the upper eyelid
and filobe of the eye.
SvMBi.RPHAROSis, Ankyloblepharon.
SYMBOL, Sym'holnm, Chnrcicter, (F.) Carae-
Ipre, from avjxjiaWut (aw, and /3aX>(<), 'I throw'),
' I compare.' A sign or representation of some-
thing else.
The following are the symbols used in pre-
scriptions :
R, Recipe. See R.
gr., Granum, a grain.
9, Scrnpxdus seu scnipulum, a scruple.
^, Drachma, a drachm.
"^f Uncia, an ounce,
lb, Libra, a pound,
lib, Libra, pounds.
TT\^, JIfinimum, a minim,
f 3, FhiidracTima, a fluidrachm.
i"^, Flnidnncia, a fluidounce.
0, Octarlus, a pint.
C, Congiiis, a gallon. See Abbreviation.
SYMBOLE. Commissure.
SYMBOLEUSLS, Consultation.
SYMBOLISMUS, Sympathy.
SYMBOLIZATIO, Sympathy.
SYMBOLOGICA, Symptomatology.
SYMBOLUM, Sympathy.
SYMETRIE, Symmetry.
SYMETRIQUE, Symmetrioal.
SYM'MKLES, from sym, and /itXo?, 'an ex-
tremity.' Mon'opiis. A genus of iimnsters wliy.se
extremities are joined together: Sirens. — 1. G.
St. llilaire.
SYM.METRTA, Symmetry.
SYMMET'RICAL, Synnnet'ricus, av/iiitTiioi,
(F.) Symetrigue, from sym, and ficriictf, ' to mea-
sure.' An epithet given to those jjarts of the
body, which, if seated on the median line, may
be divided into two equal, and perfectly like
halves; or which — if situate, the one to tlio
right, the other to the left of this line — have a
similar conformation, and a perfectly analogous
arrangement.
SvMJiETiut'AL Diseases, see Symmetry.
SYM'METRY, Symmel'ria, Cummcn'snin, Mem-
hro'rnm Om'nium Competeti'iia, Propor'llo, (P.)
Symetrie. The regularity in form, observed in
many parts, situate on the median line; and,
also, the resemblance which exists between iniiny
organs that are situate on each side of the median
line; Jiilateral Symmetry. Bichat first noticed
that this symmetry was confined to the organs
of animal life ; as the head, brain, spine, organs
of sense, locomotion, Ac.
It has been affirmed — and there is evidence in
favour of the assertion — to be a law of the
animal economy, that when uninfluenced by dis-
turbing agents, all general or constitutional dis-
eases affect equally and similarly the correspond-
ing parts of the two sides of the body. This has
been called the Si/mmetry of Diseases; and the
resulting diseases are said to be symmet'ricul.
SYMMETRY OF DISEASES, see Symmetry.
SYM PARA TERESIS, Observation.
SYMPASMA, Catapasma.
SYMPATHESIS, Sympathy.
SYMPATHET'IC, Sympath'icns, Symptitheii-
cus, (F.) Sympathiqiie, from sym, and irnSoj,
'suffering.' That which depends on sympathy.
Sympathetic affections of an organ are those
morbid phenomena that supervene without any
morbific cause acting directly on it, and by the
reaction of another organ primarily affected.
Thus, itching of the nose is a symp/itlietir affec-
tion, produced by irritation in the intestinal
canal.
The epithet sympatlictie is, also, given to dif-
ferent nerves. See Trisplanchnic, Pneumogastric,
and Facial.
Sympathetic, Great, Trisplanchnic nerve — ?.
Middle, Pneumogastric — s. Nerve, Trisplanchnic
nerve.
Sympathetic Powder, Pnlvis sympnthet'icna
or Powder of Sympathy of Sir Kenelme Digby,
was composed of calcined sulphate of iron, pre-
pared in a p.articular manner. It was long sup-
posed to be able to cure a wound, if applied to
the weapon that inflicted it; or even to a portion
of the bloody clothes. It is proper to remark,
however, that the wound itself was carefully ex-
cluded from the air, and from .all irritation.
SYMPATHETICUS MINOR, Facial nerve.
SYMPATHETISMUS, Sympathy.
SYMPATHIA. Consent of parts.
SYMPATHICUS. Sympathetic.
SYMPATHIQUE, Sympathetic — *. Nerf,
Trisplanchnic nerve.
SYM'PATHY, Sympathi'a, Sympnthe'sis, Com-
paa'sio, Consensus, Sympathctis'mns, Xympathi'a,
Conftux'io, Conspira'tio, Commer'cinm, Consor'-
tium, Homoiopathi'a, Honioeth'nia, Adelphix'is,
Symholis'mus, Symboliza'tio, Sym'holnm. Same
etymon. The connexion that exists between the
action of two or more organs, more or less dis-
tant from each other; so that the affection of the
first is transmitted, secondarily, to the others, or
to one of the others, by means unknown. A
I knowledge of the particular sympathies between
SYMTEPSIS
889
SYNCIPUT
different organs throws li^lit on the etiolof^y of
di:'eii!<es, their seat, and the particular organs to-
wards wiiich our therapeutical meane should be
directed. See Irritation.
SYMI'Kl'SI.S, Coction.
SYM i'KXrS, Concretion.
SYMI'llOKA, Congestion.
SYMl'IlOREMA, Congestion.
PYiMlMlORESrS, Congestion.
SYMPIIOKICAR'PUS KACEMO'SUS, Snow-
leiri/; from avixfopeio, ' to bear together,' and Kapnos,
'tVuil,' owing to tlie clustered berries. An indi-
genous plant, Order Caprifoliaeeae, Tribe Loni-
cerie. whose berries are large, bright white, and
remain till winter; flowering from June to Sep-
tember. The root is tonic and astringent, and
has been used in ague; and by the Indians in
syphilis.
SYMl'IIYIA, Symphysis.
SYMlMlYOCEPirAHIS, Metnp'ogra, Ceplm-
lop'iii/i'K, from avpKpvrif, (aw, and (pvo), ' to grow,)
'united together,' and k£(/«iA», 'head.' A nion-
Strositv in which twins are united by the head.
SYMPIIYSEOT'OMY. Si/mpln/aot'onn/, %n-
cli<»i(lri>t'oiiii/, Si/iiipIii/8eoti/iii' Id, Si/mphysiotom' ia,
from Kiiniplii/Ki", and ti^kj), ' I cut.' Tlie i>]>cra-
tioii or section iif the Si/iiij)lii/nin, Si(/<nilti(i]i opera-
tion or section. This ojicration is performed
with the vievv of augmenting the diameter of the
pelvis, in order to facilitate delivery in certain
cases of faulty conformation of that cavity, with
wedging of the head of the child therein. To
perform the operation, (F.) de«i/niphi/ser, the fe-
male is placed on her back; the pubes Is shaved;
and, with a strong scalpel, the soft parts are di-
vided on the median line. The articulation is
then cut. As soon as the fibrous parts, which
hold the bcnes together, are divided, they sepa-
rate to a certain distance from each other; and
the delivery may be accomplished. The knife,
with which the operation is performed, is called,
by the French. Conteaii ni/iiiphi/.sieii.
SY.MPIIYS'IA, from auji'bim, 'to grow to-
gether.' A malformation consisting in the union
of parts that are usually divided. — Breschet.
SYMPirYSrOTO-MIA, Symphyseotomy.
SY'M'PIIYSIS, Si/mplii/'ia, Cmih'xcen'tia, Co-
nl'itns, Coalil"io, (F.) Si/nipiJii/Kie, from avfi^viii
(aw, 'with,' and (pvtD, 'I grow'), 'I unite to-
gether.' A union of bones. The bond of such
union. The aggregate of means used for retain-
ing hones in nitic in the articulations. The name
symphysis has, however, been more particularly
appropriated to certain articulations; as to the
si/inphi/nis 2)Hbi8, sacro-iliac sijnipliysis, &C, See
Monster.
SyMPnvsis, Co.alescence, Commissure, Inser-
tion— s. Cartilaginea, Synchondrosis — s. Liga-
mentosa. Syndesmosis — s. Ossium muscularis,
Syssarcosis — s. Pubis, Pubic articulation.
SY.MPIIYSOTO.VIY, Symphyseotomy.
SYM P 1 1 YTOS, Hereditary.
SYM'PIIYTUM. Same etymon. Si/mpJn/tiim
officinti'le sen album sen fiohe'micum, Conxol'ida
major, Com/rey, Alum, AIna, (Prov.) Knit-back,
(F.) Grande Connouile, Oreillen d'ane. Ord. Bo-
raginace<¥.- Sex. Si/it. Pentandria Monogynia.
The roots of this European plant are very muci-
laginous, and are employed as emollients. They
are used in decoction in hipmoptysis, dysentery,
chronic diarrhoea, <fee.
SvMi'iiYTUM, Solidago virgaurea — s. Album,
SvmphytUMi — s. Bohemicum, Symphytum — s.
Minimum, Bellis — s. Minus, Prunella — s. Offi-
cinale, Symphytum.
SVMIMIVTHM PETH-«'inr, Coria Hfonnpeh'en'sls,
Muntficl'lier Cm-in. An intensely bitter and nau-
seous plant, which is said to have been useful in
syphilis. See, also, Sanieula.
SYMPLOCARP'US AXfl USTISPATHA,
Dracontium anguslisi)atha — s. Foetida, Dracon-
tium fijetidum.
SYMPOD'IA, Moiiopnd'ia, from fym, and vov{,
iToioi, ' a foot.' A monstrosity in which there is
coalescence of the lower extremities.
SY'MPTOM, Si/nipto'ma, Ac'cidens, Casus, from
sym, and tttw/ju, ' a fall,' from tti-tw, ' I fall.' Any
change, perceptible to the senses in any organ
or function, which is connected with morbific in-
fluence. It is 113- the aggregate and succession
of symptoms that a disease is detected. The term
symptoms of cymptoms has been used for the
etl'ects which result from the symjitoms of a dis-
ease ; but which effects are not essentially con-
nected with the disease itself. Thus, the debility
arising from the frequency of evacuations in djs-
entery is a symptom of symptoms. Symptom, at
one time, was generally used in the same
sense as sign ; but with many, perhaps most,
of the present day, the former signifies a func-
tional or vital phenomenon of disease, whilst
the latter is applied to that which is more directly
physical; — and hence the expressions /HHr?/o?i«i
or vital jihenomena or symptoms, in contradistinc-
tion to the jiliysical si</ns iiti'orded by ausculta-
tion, percussion, &c. See Si;rn.
SYMPTOM A TURPITUDINIS, Nympho-
mania.
SYMPTOMAT'IC, Symptomat'lcus, (F.) Symp.
tomatiijue. That wliich is a symptom of some
other afl'ection. Thus we spealv of a symptomatic
disease, in opjiosition to one that is idiopathic.
SYMPTOMATOtiRAPllY, Semeiography.
S Y M P T 0 M A T OL'OtiY', Symptomatolo(j"ia,
Fymbidot/"ica, from symptoma, and Aoyof, 'a
treatise.' The branch of iiathology, the object
of which is the knowledge of symptoms.
SYMPTO'SIS, from sym, and mwrui, 'I fall.'
Depression or collapse, emaciation or atrophy,
either of the whole body or of a part.
SYN, Svm.
SYNiEKEMA, Corrugation.
SYNyl-n'lON, Concausa.
SY'NANCIIE, Cynanclie, Cynanche tonsillaris.
<S' y'NA JVC/h'. Cynanche.
SYNAPIIYMENITIS, see Ophthalmia.
SYNAPTASE, see Amygdalin.
SYNARTHRODIA, Synarthrosis.
SYNARTHRO'DIAL, Synarihrodla'Us, from
syn, and ajj&itwan, 'articulation.' That which
belongs to synarthrosis; as Synarthrodial articu-
lation.
SYNARTHKO'SIS, Synarthro'dia, Abarticn-
la'tio, Coarticulo'tio. An immovable articulation.
Synarthrosis includes three species: Suture,
Harmoni/, and Gomp/hosis.
SYNATHROESIS, Congestion.
SYNATHROISMUS, Congestion.
SYNCAN'THUS, from syn. and Kavdo^, 'the
corner of the eye.' A morbid adhesion between
the globe of the eye and the orbit.
SYNCHONDRO'SIS, Sym'physis seu Cop'ula
seu Connex' io cartilarjin'ea, Cliondrosyndesm' us,
from syn, and x"^^!'"^' '^ cartilage.' Union or
articulation of bones by means of cartilage : — as
the articulations of the ribs with the sternum, by
means of their cartilages of prolongation.
SYNCIIONDROTOMY, Svmph/seotomy.
SYNCH ROXIUS, Synchronous.
SYN'CHRONOUS. 'Syndn-onns, Synchron'lus,
Isnch'ronoiiK, from syn, and ^^^povos, 'time.' That
which occurs at the same time. Thus the pulsa-
tions of an artery are said to be synchronous with
those of the heart.
SYNCHRONUS, Synchronous.
SYNCHYSIS, Confusio — s. Sparkling, Con-
fusio.
SYNCIPUT, Sinciput.
SYNCLONESIS
890
SYNOCIIUS
SYNCLONESIS, Syncloniis.
SYN' CLONUS, Si/nclone'iih, from o-uyxXorco),
((Tvv, and /c>oi/£u), ' I shake,') ' I shake together.'
Tremulous, simultaneous, and chronic agitation
of various muscles, especially when excited by
the will; Cloii'ici nuiversa'les, 67«»i(», (Young. )
Also, general spasm, spav'mua tiiiiversa lis. See
Tremor, Chorea, &c.
Synclonits Ballismus, Paralysis agitans — s.
Beriberia, Beriberi — s. Chorea, Chorea — s. Ra-
phania, Raphania — s. Saltans, Chorea — s. Tre-
mor, Tremor.
SYNCOMIS'TUS, from .ruyico^i^cj, (aw, and
Kofii^i,),) 'I bring together.' Aiitop'i/ros, Panis
(/otite/i'ticui, seciDiddrhin, ciha'riun, confusa' nens.
Bread of the whole wheat, or of the unsifted
meal. Household bread. Also a cataplasm made
of the same.
SYN'COPAL, Sijttropa'Jh, Si/ncop'ticus, Si/n-
co))'tus. Same etymon as Syncope ; as Si/ii'copal
Fever, Fehris &'i/iicopa'lis. A pernicious inter-
mittent, characterized by repeated attacks of
syncope. _
SYN'COPE, from avyKonTO), (aw, and kottto),
'to fall,') 'I fall down.' An'iini defec'tio seu
deli'quiuin, Leipopsr/ch' in, Lipopnycli'ia, Ap-
si/ch'ia, Apyyx'iit, Lipsis An'imi, Aspliyx'ia,
ApopnijeJi'id, LipotJn/iii'ia, Leipothym'ia, Lipoa-
pdiyx'ia, Evhps'is, Su'hitiia aiiimi castts, Aiicn-
cephalohce'iiiia, Ap'nyohi/, Swoon, Si(jooni?i</,
Fiiintincf, Fiiintiiitj Jit, Fnintness, Fwohi'lion,
(Sc.) Draw, DiKtbn, Siortrff, Sicerf, Swartli,
(Prov.) Fuwer, Sicebhing, Sweemiwj, Swoundiuy,
Sound, (F.) Evnnouissement, DefuilUince, Pa-
inoison. Complete and, commonly, sudden loss
of sensation and motion, with considerable dimi-
nution, or entire suspension of the pulsations of
the heart and t"he respiratory movements. Syncope
is, commonly, an affection of no consequence;
]int, sometimes, it is an index of diseased heart.
Placing the patient in the horizontal posture;
sprinkling cold water over the face, and the ap-
plication of volatile substances to the nose, are
all that will be required during the fit. See As-
phyxia, and Suffocation.
An approach to this condition is termed fctint-
ishness ; and the person is said to ha faint, (Prov.)
Siieeminh.
Syncope Angenr, Angina pectoris — s. Angi-
nosa, Angina pectoris.
SYNCOPTICUS, Syncopal.
SYNCOPTUS, Syncopal.
SYNCRITICA, Astringents.
SYNDACTYLUS, Aschistodactylus.
SYNDESMI'TIS, see Ophthalmia. Also, in-
flaramation of articular ligaments ; Inflamma'tio
llrjrimrnto'nnn, from syndeamoa, ' ligament,' and
?((«, denoting inflammation.
SYNDESMOG' RAPHY, Syndeamograph' ia,
from ayndeamon, 'a ligament,' and ypatpv, *a de-
scription.' A description of the ligaments. The
part of anatomy which describes the ligaments.
SYNDESMOL'OGY, Syndesmolof/'ia, from
Kyndeamoa, 'a ligament,' and \oyoi, 'a treatise,
discourse.' A treatise on the ligaments.
SYNDES'MO-PIIARYNGE'US. A fasciculus
of the constrictfir pharyngis superior.
SYXDE^MOS. Ligament.
SYNDESMO'SIS, Synnewo'aia, Synyme'nesia,
Conuex'io seu Sym'phyaia Ugamento'aa, Comniia'-
sn'rn ncr'ven, Connervri'tlo, Coll if/a' tio, from ayn-
dcxtnua, ' ligament.' The articulation of two or
more bones by means of ligament; — as of the
radius with the ulna.
SYNDESiMOT'OMY, Syndeamotom'in, from
gyiideamon, 'ligament.' and tc/ivii), 'I cut or dis-
sect.' Dissection of the ligaments.
SY'NDESMUS, Bandage, Ligament.
SYN'DROME, from syn, nndiVo/ioj, 'a course.'
Conciir'aiia, Coucourae. A name given by the
Empirical Sect to the union of symptoms which
takes place in diseases : — Syndrome jiUtho'riia,
for example, meant the union of symptoms pro-
duced by plethora.
SYNDYASMUS, Coition.
SYNECHES, see Continued fever.
SYNECIII'A, from ayn, and cxuv, ' to have,' or
'to hold.' Adhesion between the iris and trans-
parent cornea, or between the iris and crystalline
lens. The former case is called Syneehiu aiile'-
rior ; the latter, S. jwatc'rior.
SYNENERGIA, Synergy.
SYNElUilA. Synergy.
SYNEliGIE, Synergy.
SYN'ERGY, Synergi'a, Synenen/i'a, (F.) Sy.
nerrjie ; from syii, and t/iyov, ' work.' A correla-
tion or concourse of action between different or-
gans in health ; and, according to some, in disease.
SYNESIS, Intellect.
SYNEUROSIS, Syndesmosis.
SYNEZI'SIS, Synize'aia, Conaiden'tia, from
syn, and ^tvyvvtiv, 'to join.'
Synezi'sis 'PvpUji,'jE,Parop'aia Synizeaia,Cidi'-
go a Synizeai, Caligo sou Imper/ora'lio sou PlilJii-
sia piipillcB, Amyo'ais, Uloanre or occlit'sion or 06-
litera'tion of the Pnpil. This disease is sometimes
a faulty conformation, depending upon the con-
tinued existence of the membrana pupillaris, or
the absence of the pupil. It is, in other words,
eoni/cnital. At other times, it is owing to acci-
dent, and supervenes on violent ophthalmia, or
on the operation for cataract. They who are
affected with synezizis are completely blind : the
iris having no central aperture. In certain cases,
a remedy may be obtained by making an opening
in the iris, which may supply the phice of the
pupil, and through which the rays of light may
reach the retina. This operation is called the
ojierniion for orlificial pnpil.
SYNGENES, Jlereditary.
SYNGENICUS, CongenitaL
SYNllYMENESIS, Synymenesis.
SYNIMENESIS, Synymenesis.
SYNIZESIS, ConsJdentia, Synezisis.
" SYNNEUROSIS, Syndesmosis.
SY'N'OCHA, from awe^'^, (aw, and cx(i>, 'I
have or hold,') 'I continue.' hiJUxm'tnatory or
Dytiani'ic Fever, Angiop'yra, SlJienop'yro, Febria
canao'dea seu cinimato'dea seu den'reiia seu iirdena
seu eontin'uu aanrjnin'ed seu eontin'na non pnlria
seu aeniaa'tica seu acu'ta seu acu'ta sxiiigniu'cn
seu eini'tinena seu continens non pn'irida seu an-
(jioten'icn seu athe)iica seu aanguin'ea seu in-
fummato'ria, llomut'onoa, Syn'ochua (Vogel), S.
inipu'tria (Galen), Ene'eia ciiuma seu ton'ira,
Phlof/ojj'yrua, Caiitna, Calenturn continua, (P.)
Fieiue urdente ou eontinente infnmmatoire OU .
annijuine ou irritative ou angeioteniqne ou in-
Jianrmatoire, Gaatro-enterite intenae ; Uener(d in-
flammation. A species of continued fever, cha-
racterized by increased heat; and by quick,
strong, and hard pulse ; urine high-coloured ; dis-
turbance of mind slight. It requires, of course,
the most active treatment.
Synocha Rhedmatica, Rheumatism, acute — s.
Vaccina, Vaccina.
SY'N'OCHAL, SynocJia'lis; same etymon. Re-
lating to, or having the characters of, synocha.
SY'N'OCHUS, Ene'eia syn'ochua, Febria lenln,
(LinniEus,) same etymon. Continued fever, com-
pounded of synocha and typhus: — in its com-
mencement often resembling the former; in its
progress, the latter : 3Iixed fever. Common eon-
tinued fever, Syn'ochoid fever. See Continued
fever, Fever, and Typhus.
Syngcuks, Synocha — s. Biliosa. Fever, gastric.
Fever, bilious — s. Catarrhalis, Influenza — s. Icte-
SYXOLCE
891
SYPHILIS
rodes, Fcvor, yellow — s. Impntri!", Synocha — s.
Miliaria. IMiliar-y fever— s. Varicella, Varicella,
SYNOLCH, Spasm.
SYNONIA. Synovia.
8YN0STl':0G'RAPllY,,Vy„o«reor/,Y,>;nV/,from
Kipi, odTtov, Ji ' bone,' and ypa./iu), ' I defcrilje.'
Tlie part of anatomy which describes the joints.
SYNOSTEOL'Ot/Y, Sipi<>iite(ih„j";u, from mjit,
ouTtov, 'a bone,' and Aoyoj, 'a treatise.' A trea-
tise on the joints.
SYNOSTEO'SIS, S\i/}i<into'sh, from syn, and
bcTcov, 'a hone.' Union by means of bone.
SYNOSTEUT'OMY, S,j„o^i,'ot,„„'ir,, from syn,
'with,' oaTcuv, 'a bono,' and Tiixvuk, 'to cut.'
Dissection of the joints.
SYNOSTOSIS, Synosteosis.
SYNO'VIA, from »i/ii, and uov, 'an egg.'
Jiliicila'fjo, Uii'(j(ivn sen Uiifjiieu'tHin seu Smri/iiia
articuld're, Si/iio'iiia, A.ruii'(/iti •nrticulu'ris, Jliici-
ht'ffo artlculo'ruvi seu jiiiictiiyn'rum. Humor arti-
ciiln'riH, Jfi/drarllinis, Humor seu flu' milium nolt'-
viim sou Gliitcn ftrliciilo'riim, Artlirohi/driiie, (F.)
,Sj/iiorle. A fluid resembling the white of egg, which
is exhaled by the synovial membranes surround-
ing the moveable articulations. The synovia has
been fi)und, on analysis, to consist of water, albu-
men, soda, ciiloride of sodium, phosphate of lime,
and — Fouroroy fancied — uric acid. Its use is
to lubricate the joints, and the sheaths in which
tendons play.
SYNO'VIAL, Sijnovia'lh. That which relates
to the synovia.
Synoviaf, Gland.s, //i-'rej's's Glandu, Glrind'iiJce
artivula'ren seu Si/iiovin'/e" seu Havemio'iicB, are
the secretory fringes, which float in the interior
of the synovial capsules (see Capsules.) They
do not seem to be glandular. They have been
called Si/iio'riiil fini'bricB, (F.) Fraiiges aynoviales.
SYNOVI'TIS, from Synovia, and ilis, a ter-
mination denoting inflammation. A term, badly
compounded, ajiplied at times to inflnnimation
of the synovial membrane, arthrojjJiloi/o'Hi-i syiio-
via'liH. When it atfocts the Imrsie, it is, some-
times called Biirsi'tis.
Synovitis Kheumatismalis, Piheumatism,
(acute.)
SYN'TASIS, cvvracii, from cwrciviii, (aw, an3
rtivit), ' I stretch,') ' I strain.' Tension of parts :
licnce ffuiTonita. are medicines which render parts
tense. Synte.r'is, on the other hand, means Col/i-
qiKi'tio, or wasting of the bodyj from avvrriKu),
' I melt toffetber.'
SYNTAXIS. Articulation, Reduction, Taxis—
B. Serrata, see Suture.
SYNTECOPYRA. Hectic fever.
SYNTECTYCOFYRA, Hectic fever.
SYNTENO'SIS, from «j/h, and rtvMv, 'a ten-
don.' A species of articulation in which two
bor.es are joined by means of tendon ; as the sesa-
tnoid bones with the toes, the rotula with the
tibia, itc.
SYXTERESIS, Prophylaxis.
SYNTER ETICUS, Prophylactic.
iSYNTEXIS, CoUiquation, Consumption, sec
Syntasis.
SYNTIIENA. A term employed by Paracel-
sus to designate a species of epilepsy, accompanied
by enrdialgia and tormina.
SYN'THESIS, Ri'ii'uio, 'composition or put-
tinsr together,' from xyu. and rt^vin, 'I place.' A
surgical operation, which consists in uniting parts
that are divided ; and aiiproximaling such as are
separated or distant from each other. Reu'uio
pnr'tiiim Kcparatu' nun, Syii't/icsis of contiiin'ity,
means the union of the edges of ii wound, or the
nppro.xinintion of the extremities of a fractured
bono Si/nthmio of contii/n'i'y is the reduction
of .lisplaccd organs; as in cases of hernia and
luxations.
Sv.vTnEsrs, Composition.
SYNTHETIS'.MUS, same etymon. The ag-
gregate of operations and means for reducing a
fracture, and maintaining it reduced: — compris-
ing extension, counter-extension, coaptation, auj
bandaging.
SYNTOXINE, see Fibrin,
SYNTRIMMA, Contritio.
SYNTRIPSIS, Contritio.
SYNTROPHOS, Connutritus,
SYNULOSIS, Cicatrization.
SYNULOTICA, Cicatrisanlia,
SYNUSIA. Coition.
SYNl'ME'NESIS, Synhyme'ttesis, Synime'ne-
8in, from »yn, and 'vfiriv, 'a membrane.' Uninn
of bones by membrane, as in the case of the
bones of the head in the foetus.
Synymenesis, Syndesmosis,
SYPHAR, Peritoneum.
SYPHILIDES, Syphili'da, (F.) Dcrmo-^yphi.
lides, Dernintosies vt'roh-iines. Same etymon as
Syphilis. The cutaneous eruptions that accom-
pany constitutional syphilis are so denominated
by the French writers.
SYPHILIDIA'TER, Syplnlidia'tnis, from Sy-
pJiilis, and larpoi, 'a physician.' A pox doctor.
One who occuiiies himself in treating syphilis,
SYPHILIDOMANIA, Syphilomania.
SYPHILIPIIO'RIA, from Syphilis and </,o/3«f,
'dread.' A morbid dread of syphilis, giving rise
to fancied s3'mptoms of the disease : a form of hy-
pochondriasis.
SY'PH'ILIS, S. vene'ren seu mab'(j'na, Siphi-
lia, Syphilin'muK, Cachex'ia seu Cftcochyni' in Ve-
ne'rea, Malum vene'reum, Pnden'daijra, Me'vium,
Lues, L. rene'rea sen nypliilis, Morbus Gul'licus
seu Ital'icus seu Hispun'icus seu Neapolita'ims
seu In'dicus seu nj^hrodin'ius, Patiirsa, Bwilis'-
cus, Bo(B, Sod'oma Gallo'rum ; Veuerenl, Vene-
real Disease, Pox, French Pox, French Crutt,
French Distemper, Ford Disease, old cant term,
G riwomes, (Prov.) Pip, (Sc.) Olevyore, Glenyonr,
Grandgore, (F.) ^'erole, iValadie vhierienne, Mol
de Atopies, 3fal Francois, Jl/a/adie de Venus.
The etymology of syphilis is unknown. Some
consider it to proceed from uvf, 'a hog,' and
(ptXtu), 'I love;' others, from avi', 'with,' and
(iiXeii), 'I love;' and others, with more proba-
t)ility, from atil'Xoi, — formed, by contraction,
from ctithXos, — 'a reproach,' Ac. It is an infec-
tious disease, communicable by coition, or by the
contact of parts that are only lined with a thin
epidermis; as the lips, nipple, &c. It generally
makes its first appearance by a chancre, followed
sooner or later by a bubo. The chancre is a pri-
mary symptom or sore; but there are others
which are secondary or constilntional. These
are: — ulcers in the throat; copper -coloured
blotches on the skin ; pains in the bones, nodes,
etc. : the last are sometimes termed tertiary phe-
nomena. The origin of syphilis is not known.
It is believed to have been introduced into
Europe from America, at the end of the 15th
century [?]. Its progress is extremely variable,
as well as its duration, which is often unlimited,
if left to itself. Mercury may be esteemed tl'.o
best remedy, but the disease admits of cure with-
out it. Almost every antisyphililic composition,
whose use is attended with success, probably con-
tains mercury united with diaphoretics or other
medicines. It is genorally sufficient to keep tho
mouth sore for a fortnight for the cure of chancre :
for venereal sore throat, and other recent consti-
tutional symptoms, eight or ten weeks will be
required : and, of course, a longer time, if these
symptoms have persisted longer. Sometimes,
after mercury has been given for a time, the
symptoms continue stationary ; and do not yield
until the mercury has been discontinued, and
SYnilLISATIOX
892
SYRUP
tonics and eutrophics liave been administered.
The preparations of iodine liave been much used,
of late, in tlie rcvellent treatment of this disease.
Syphilis Ixuica, Franiboesia.
Syphilis Psi:iido-Syphilis, Ltteii Sjphilo'des,
Piieiid(i-»i/phih's. A term given to ulcers or other
affections that resemble sy|)hilis, but are inde-
terminate in their character, — the symptoms
being irregular in their appearance, and usually
yielding spontaneously, or under the use of tonics,
change of air, Ac. The condition has not been
at all well defined. The SivBeiis, I{adeiiy,(je, &a.,
have been referred to this head.
SYPHILIS A TION, Svphilization.
SYPIIILfSMUS, Syphilis.
SYPIIILIT'IC, S/jphilit'icua, (F.) Si/phiHt-
ique, Veroliqiie, Verolt'. Belonging, or relating to
syphilis — as ' a xi/phih'tic ulcer.'
SYPIIILIZA'TION, ^yjij/z/Vmi'd'o, (F.) Syphi-
lixation. Saturation of the system by inoculation
■with the matter of syphilis. It has been used as
a curative procedure in syphilis, as well as a pre-
ventive of that disease; and for the cure of other
cachexias, as cancer.
SYPllILODERM'A, from srjphUis, and bipjia,
'skin.' A cutaneous eruption of a syphilitic
character. — E. Wilson.
SYPJIILOG'RAPIIER, from sijpJnlia, and
y/ju^w, 'I describe.' A writer on syphilis.
SYPiriLOID, SyphiloVdes ; from i^yphilh,
andti^us, 'resemblance.' Kesembling syphilis, —
as 'a m/j,}iil(,id affection.'
SYPIIILO.MA'NIA, Sijphilidnma'nia, — vul-
garly, Niiddle I'lix. A mania, with which some
persons are affected, so that they subject them-
selves to antivenereal treatment, under the erro-
neous impression that they are affected with
syphilis.
SYPHITA, Somnambulism.
SYPIIOAURICULARIS, Otenchytes.
SYPIIOX, see Siphon.
SYllIOMOPlIO'NIA, from ffupiy^o;, 'piping,'
and 'huivr], ' voice.' A piping state of the voice.
SYRIGMUS, Tinnitus aurium.
SYllINGA, Eustachian Tube, Fistula, Syringe,
Tr.ichea — s. Clysmatica, Syringe, (Clyster.)
Syiun'ga Vulga'uis, Lilac vuh/a'rh, Cummon
Lilac. Ord. Oleaccaj. The leaves and fruit are
bitter and somewhat acrid, and have been used
as tonics and antiperiodics.
SYRINtiE, Si/r'iiix, Syrin'gn, Sipho Siphun'-
culns, Sijiiirt, (F.) SeriiKjue, from trupiyf, avgiyyoi,
'a pipe.' A familiar apparatus through which
any liquor is injected.
Varicms forms of syringe are used in medicine
and surgery.
Syiungb, Clyster, Sijrin'fja clysmat'ica, Clyi-
antli'um, (F.) Clysojxiiiipe. A syringe for ad-
ministering clysters.
Syringk, Cuppimg, Antlia sanguisuga.
SYP.INGKS AHlUFERr, see Bronchia.
SYRIXGICUS, Fistulous.
SYRINGI'TIS EUSTA'CHII, Inflammation
of the Eustachian tube.
SYRINGMOS, Tinnitus auriura.
SYRINGODES, Fistulous.
SYRINGOTOME, Syri„;,ot''omm, Syrinrjot'-
07)11(01, from aupiyi. avpiyyai, 'a pipe,' 'a fistula,'
and Tiuvuv, 'to cut.' A surgical instrument, for-
merly used in the operation dtr Jhtida in aiio. It
is a bistouri, coneave at its edge, and terminated
by a long, flexible, prol)e-pointed stylet. This
stylet or probe was first introduced by the ex-
ternal opening of the fistula into the rectum,
whence it was drawn externally through the
anus, carrying with it the cutting edge of the
instrument, which divided the intermediate
parts.
SYRIXGOT'OMY, Syriiu/ntom'ia. Same ety-
mon as the last. The operation for fistula in ano
by incision.
SYRINX, Eustachian tube. Fistula, Syringe,
Trachea — s. liicia, A'crlel)ral column.
SYRMAIS'MOS, from avpitat^u>, ' I evacuate.'
A gentle evacuation by vomiting or stool.
SYJiOP, Syrup — 6. d'Ail, Syrupus allii — ».
d' Aniioise cmiiposi, Syrujjus nroinaticiis — «. de
Chiciiree cmiipone, Syrupus de cichorio composi-
tus — s. den Cinq ravines, Syrupus e quiiuiue ra-
dieibus — ». de Cwpielieot, Sjrupus rhoeados — g.de
Cnisinier, Syrii|)us de sarsaparilla et senna com-
positus — s. d'Ellier, Syrupus cum iethcre suljiiiu-
rico paratus — s. de Ginijenihi-e, Syrn|)us zingibc-
ris — «. de Guinianre, Syrupus althiciC — ». de
Longne vie, Mellitum do mercuriali compositum —
s. de Merciire, Syrupus de inercurio mediante gum-
mi — s. de Man de veaii, see Syrupus zingiheris — «.
de Jliircs, Syrupus mori — s. de iV'ecyjcii/i, Syrupus
rhamni — ». de Pavuts hhuics, Syrupus papaveris
— s. de Pumnies compose, see Syrupus senna) — «.
de Quinquina avec le Vin, Syrupus de kina kinQ,
cum vino — «. de Rimes pales, Syrupus rosu; — «.
de Roses roncjes, Syrupus rosas — ». de Vinaigre,
S. aoeti.
SYRUP, Simp, Syv'npus, Sernpi'iim, Sernpe'-
um, (F.) Syrop, Sirop, Saccharole liqnide,Sncehur.
hydrate ; derived, according to some, from avjtia, 'I
draw,' and ojrof, 'juice;' but more probably, Croiu
the Arabic Siruph, Sirab, or Sdiaruh, which sig-
nifies ' a potion.' A saturated solution of sugar
in water, either simply, or united with some
vegetable or other principle. Syrujis, in general,
require two pounds of sugar to the pint, and ihoy
are judged to be sufficiently boiled when a por-
tion, taken up in a spoon, flows like oil. In the
Pharmacopoeia of the United States, it is directed,
that syrnpa, whose density is not precisely deter-
mined by the process, should have the s. g. 1'2I')1
when boiling, and about 1'319 at ordinary tem-
peratures. Syrups should be kept in small bot-
tles in a cool place. They are chiefly used to
render medicines palatable. See Syrupus sim-
plex.
Syrup of Aljionps, Syrupus amygdalae.
Syuup, A.NTiscoitiiUTic, Syrupus antiscorbu-
ticus — s. Balsamic, Syrupus tolutanus.
Syrup of Buckthorn, Syrupus rhamni — s. of
Calf's lungs, see Syrupus zingiberis — s. of Capil-
lairc, common, Syrupus simplex — g. of Cinchona
with wine, Syrupus de kina kin^ cum vino — s.
of Cinchonia, Syrupus cinchoniee — s. of Citric
acid, Syrupus acidi citrici — s. of Clove July
flower, Syrupus carj'opliylli rubri — s. of Clove
pinks, Syrupus Caryophylli rubri — s. of Cochi-
neal, Syrupus cocci — s. of Emetine, Syrupus
emetinae — s. of Ether, Syrupus cum a;there sul-
phurico paratus — s. of Five roots, Syrupus o
quinque radicibus— ^s. of Garlic, Syrniius allii — s.
of Ginger, Syrupus zingiberis — s. of Gum Arabic,
Syrupus acaci;j3.
Syrup, Hive, Syrupus scilla; composifus.
Syuup of JIoney, Mellitum simjilex — s. of
Iodide of iron. Liquor Ferri iodidi — s. of Ipeca-
cuanha, Syrupus ipecacuanhac — s. of Jalap,
Syrupus jalapaj — s. of Lemon, Syrujjus limo-
nis — s. of 3Iarshniallow, Syrupus alth»ae —
s. of Meadow saffron, Syrupus cokhici au-
tumnalis — s. of acetate of Morphia, Syrupus
niorphi* acetatis — s. of muriate of Morphia, Sy-
rupus morphite muriatis — s. of Mugwort, com-
pound, Syrupus aromaticus — s. of Mulberries,
Syrupus mori — s. of Orange juice, see Syrupus
aurantii — s. of Orange peel, Syrupus aurantii — i.
of Orgeat, Syrupus amygdala) — s. of Poppies. Sy.
rupus papaveris — s. of Poppy, red, Syrupus rhoe-
ados— s. of Quinia, Syrupus quinisc — s. of Khu-
SYRUPUS
893
SYRUPUS
tany, Syrupns krainorino— s. of Rhnharb, Syrupus
rhei— s. of Khubnrb, iiroiiiiUic, Syrupus rhei aro-
lualicus — 8. of Khul.arb, spiceii, Syrupus rhei
nromaticus — s. of Roses, Syrupus rosse — s. of
Hoses, red, Syrupus rosae Kallicac— s. of Saifron,
Syrupus croci— 8. of Sarsaparilla, Syrupus sarsa-
parillae — s. of Sarsaparilla and senna, compound,
Syrupus de sarsaparilla ct senna cornpositus — s.
of Sarsaparilla, compound, see Syrupus de sar-
paparilla ct senna conipositus — s. of Sarsaparilla,
Indian, Syrupus hemiilesnii — s. of Scammony,
Syrupus de seaiumoniaj — g. of Scncka, Sy-
rupus senegae — s. of Senna, Syrupus senna3 — s.
Simple, Syrupus simplex — s. of Scjuill, Syrupus
Bc-illic — s. of Squill, compound, Syrupus scillte
conipositus — s. of Succory, compound, Syrupus
de ciehorio conipositus — s. of Tolu, Syrupus tolu-
tanus — s. of Vinegar, Syrupus aceti — s. of Vio-
lets, Syrupus violae — s. of Wild cherry hark, Sy-
rupus Pruni Virginianae.
SYRUPUS, S. simplex.
Syuui'iTS AcA'cMi, Syrnp of Gum Arabic, {Aca-
cim 3ij. &'<iecli«i-- .^xv, Aq. f Jviij. Dissolve the
gum in the water ; add the sugar, and strain.
Ph. U. S.) A good pectoral syrup. Dose, f gj to
SvRUPUS Ace'ti, S. Ac"idi Aceto'at, Syrup of
Vinccjar, (F.) S'l/roj} de Vinaif/re. (Aceti Oiiss,
sncch. pitrif. Ihiiiss. Boil to form a syrup. Ph.
E.) It is refrigerant and antiseptic. Dose, f^j
to f^ij.
Syrupus Acini Acetosi, S. aceti.
Syrupus Ac"idi Cit'uici, Syrup of Citric Acid.
{Acid. ciVri'c. pulv. ^ij; 01. Limon. X<\jv ; Syrup.
Oij. Rub the acid and oil with an ounce of the
Eyrup; add the rest of the syrup, and dissolve
with a gentle heat. Ph. U. S.) Virtues the same
as those of the Syrupus Liinonis.
Syrupus cum tE'there Sulphu'rico Para-
TUS, Syrup of Ether, (F.) Syrup d' ether. (Very
pure siKjnr, 1000 p. ; distilled water, 500 p. ; dis-
solve in the cold, and strain ; add suljyhuric ether,
4S p. Shake for five or six days, and draw off
the limpid syrup. Ph. L.) Properties like those
of ether.
Syrupus Al'lii, Syrup of Garlic, (F.) Syrop
d'ail. (Alia recent, coneis. _^vj, acet. destillat.
Oj, sacehar. Ibij. Macerate the garlic in the vi-
negar, in a glass vessel, for four days ; then ex-
press the liquor and set it by, that the dregs may
subside ; lastly, add the sugar to the clear liquor,
and proceed in the manner directed for syrup.
Ph. U. S.) Use, same as that of garlic. Dose,
f 3J to f ,3iv.
Syrupus Ai^th.^'^, S. ex Althcs'd seu de Al-
ih(Ba seu Althcea officina'lis, Syrup of Jfarsh-
mallow, (F.) Syrop de Guimauve. (AlthoBCB rad.
rcceut. cont. Ibss, saceh. pnr. Ibij, aqua Oiv. Boil
the root in the water to one-half, and press out
the liquor; when cold, defecate; add the sugar,
and boil. Ph. L.) Emollient and demulcent.
Dose, f ^j to f.^iij.
Syrupus Amomi Zingiberis, S. zingiberis.
Syrupus Amyg'dal.e, Syrup of Almondu, S.
of Orf/eaf, Orgeat. {Amyydal. dule. ibj, amyijdal.
amar. ^iv, aqucB, Oiij, sacehar. Ibvj. Blanch the
almonds, and rub them in a mortar to a very fine
paste, adding, during the trituration, three fluid-
ounces of the water, and a pound of the sugar.
Mix the paste thoroughly with the remainder of
the water ; Jtrain with strong expression ; add
the remainder of the sugar to the strained liquor,
and dissolve it with the aid of a gentle heat.
Strain the syrup through fine linen, and having
allowed it to cool, put it into bottles, which must
bo well stopped, and kept in a cool place. Ph.
U.S.)
Syri'pus AvTicAUSOTictT?, see Anticausodic.
Srnupus A.ntiscoubu'ticus, ^. de Armora'cid
conipositus, Autlncorhn'tic Syrup. (Leaves of
cochleitria, hucl;bean, icaler-cresnes, horse-radinh
root and bitter orauges, each Itjj, ciunamon, ^iss.
Cut, and pour on white wine Ibiv. Macerate for
two days ; distil over Oj in a sand-bath ; add
to this sufjar, tbij, and form a syrup. Again,
take what remains in the cucurbit: jiass it
through cloth ; let it rest; decant, and add sugar
Ibij ; make into a syrup, and clarify with white
of egg. Mix it with the first while yet warm.
Ph. P.) Antiscorbutic, alterative, tonic, stoma-
chic, &c. Dose, f,5ij to f§ij-
Syrupus Aromat'icus, S. de Ariemis'id coni-
positus, ConipoHiid Syriij) of Mug wort, (F.) Syrop
d'uruioite compose. (Tops of artemisia vulgaris,
in flower, ,^vj, inula root, ligiisticitm levistivum,
vir\A fennel, each, ^ss, pennyroyal, catmint, saviue
leaves, each .^vj, marjoram, hyssop, pyrethrum,
rue, basil, each ^iij, aniseed and cinnamon, each
,^ix : bruise and macerate in hydromel Itixviij ;
distil over Oss ; add to this a pound of sugar.
Again, take the liquid that remains in the cucur-
bit, strain it gently; and add sugar ftiv. Then
mix the two. Ph. P.) Tonic, emmenagogue,
&c.
Syrupus de Armoracia Compositus, S. anti-
seorbuticus — s. de Artemisia compositus, S. anti-
scorbuticus — s. Asparagi, see Asparagus.
Syrupus Auran'tii, .S'. Anrantio'rum seu Citri
Aurantii seu Cor'ticis Anrantii seu Aurantli Cor-
ticis (Ph. U. S.) seu e Cortic"ibus Aurantio'runi
seu de Oortice Anrantio'rum, Syrup of Orange
peel. {Aiiraut. cori. cont. ^ij, aq.ferv. Oj, saceh.
Ibijss. Macerate the peel in the water for twelve
hours. Add the sugar. Ph. U. S.) Stomachic.
Dose, f ,^j to f .^ij.
A Syrup of Orange Juice, Orange Sherbet, Sy-
rupus e succo Aurantioruni, may bo made by add-
ing white sugar Ibij to Ibj of the juice of oranges,
strained and clarified.
Syrupus Balsamicus, S. tolutanus.
Syrupus Caryophyl'li Rubri, S. Infusio'nis
florum caryophyllo'rum, S. Dianthi Caryophylli,
Syrup of Clove July Jloicer or of Clove Pinks.
[Petalornm dianth., caryoph. recent., unguiluis
resectis, Ibj, aqua bull. Oiv, saceh. purif. Ibvij.
Ph. E.) Aromatic.
Syrupus Cassi/E Senn^, S. sennas.
SYRtiPus DE Cicho'rio Compos'itus, (S'. de
Rheo, Compound Syrup of Succory, (F.) Syrop de
chicoree compose. [Root of succory ^vj, leaves
of succory 5ix, leaves of fumitory and seolopen-
driiim, each ,^iij, AlJcekengi berries 1^\}. Bull in
water Oxiv to Oxij : pass through cloth, and dis-
solve in white sugar lb v. Boil till it has the con-
sistence of syrup. Again, take water Oviij, rhu-
barb 5vj, yellow Sanders and cinnamon, each ,^ss.
Infuse for twenty-four hours ; pass throu;,'li linen,
and add the preceding syrup. /'/(. P.) It is
laxative and stomachic. Dose, f 3J to f .^ss.
Syrupus CiNcnoNyE cum Vino, S. de kiua kina
cum vino.
Syrupus Cincho'nij5, Syrup of Cinrho'nia.
(.Simple syrup one pound ; sulphate of ciuchonia
nine grains. Mix.) Six spoonfuls are commonly
sufficient to arrest an intermittent.
Syrupus Citri Aurantii, S. aurantii.
Syrupus Cocci. Syrup of Cochineal. (Cocc.
cont. Qiv. Aq. destillat. bull lent. Oj (Imp. meas-. ),
sacehar. Ibiij, vel q. s. Sp. rectificat. f.^iiss, vet
q. s. Ph. L.) Chiefly used as a coloring agent.
Syrupus Col'chici Autumna'lis, S. CoUhid,
Syrup of Meadow Saffron. (Rad. coleh. autumn,
recent, ^j, acidi acetosi, f^xvi, saceh. pur. ^^xxvj.
Macerate the root in the vinegar for two days,
occasionally shaking the vessel; then strain with
gentle expression. To the strained fluid add the
sugar, and boil to a syrup. _Ph. E.) Diuretic,
antiarthritic. Dose, f^j to f^ss, or more.
SYRUPUS CROCI
89 4
SYRUPUS RIIEI
Syrupus Corticis Aurantii, S. aurantii — s.
Citri mcdicae, S. litnonum — s. e Succo citronuui,
S. limonuin.
Svr-UP_i^^S Croci, <S[(/n;;) of Suffron. {Oroei
stif/inat. 2J. oqiteB fervent. Oj, sacrh. piinf. tbiiss.
Fh. L.) Cardiac. Chiefly used for colouring.
Svitm'us UiAC'ODiON, Diacodium — s. Diantlii
Caryophylli, S. caryophylli rubri.
Syuupus Emkti'.\^:, Syrup of Em'etine. (Sini-
ple syrup lt)j, emetine 10 gr.) In small doses, ex-
pectorant; and in large, emetic. ,
Syuupus Empykbumaticus, Melasses — s. Ferri
iodidi, Liquor Ferri iodidi.
Syuupus \\E}s\\riKs'}.u, Syrnpnf In'dian Sarsn-
parill'a. {Hentidenm. cont. ^iv (avoirdup.), Aq.
ilestillat. liiUient. Oj (Imp. meas.), sacchar. q. s.
P/i. D.) A weak preparation of hemidesmus.
Syuupus IIydrargyri, Syrupus de niereurio
mediante gummi — s. Infusionis florum caryophyl-
lorum, Syrupus caryophylli rubri.
Syuupus Ipecacuan'h^, Syrup of Tpecneunn-
ha. (Ipecac, in pulv. crass, ^j, alcohol, dilut. Oj,
gacchar. Ibiiss, aqucB q. s. Macerate the ipecacu-
anha in the alcohol for 14 days, and filter. Eva-
porate the filtered liquor to 6 fluidounces, again
filter, and add suflicient water to make the liquid
measure a pint; add the sugar, and evaporate by
a water-bath to a proper consistence. Ph. U. S.)
It may also be prepared by displacement.
Syrupus de Jalap'a, Syrup of Jalap. {Pulv.
Jaliipcp^x, sem. coriandr., fa'nicul. dulc.Tia, ^ss ;
aqucB t'^^\jsg, nacc/i. ^Kxv. Fh. P.) Cathartic.
Dose, f 5U tf ^n'^ f""" children.
Syrupus df, Kina Kina cum Vino, S. Cincho'-
nm cum vino. Syrup of Cinchona with loine, (F.)
Syrnp de quinquina avec levin. (Cort. ciuchoncR
officiuulin ^^ij, ext. cinchona; 3^.i' ^'"'' "^^'' ( ^'^'"•
Lunel. seu cujunviii ei sinii/is,) Oj, alcohol (s. g.
■085 to •915.) f^j, socchar. alb. Ibiss. Bruise
the cinchona; gradual!}' add the alcohol, so as
to form a soft mass ; pour on the wine; macerate
for two days, and strain. Dissolve the extract,
add the snirar, and make a syrup. Fh. F.) Dose,
f^ss to f .^j.
Syri'Pus KRAME'ui.'f;, Syrup of Rhat' any. (E.ct.
Kramer, ^^ij. aquee Oj, sacchar. Ibijss. Dissolve
the extract in the water, and filter; then add the
sugar, and form into syrup. Ph. U. S. It may
also be made by disjilacement from kramer. in
j)ulv. crass, ibj, sacchar. tbiiss; aq. q. s.) An
adjunct to astringent mixtures; or given in diar-
rhoea, a teaspoonful to a child.
Syuupus Limonis, S. Limonum — s. Succi limo-
nis, S. limonum.
Syrupiis Limo'nujt, S. limonin (Ph. U. S.) seu
citri med'iccB seu e succo citro'num seu e succo
linio'num seu succi linio'nis, Syrupof Lemon, Le-
mon Syrup. (Liinon. aucc. colat. Oj, sacchar. Ibij.)
Cooling, antiseptic.
Syrupus e Meconio, S. papaveris — s. de Melle,
Mellitum simplex.
Syrupus de Mercd'rio Median'te Gummi, S.
Hydrar'gyri, Mercu'riiis gummo'sus Plenck'ii, (F.)
Syrop de mcrcure, Mercnre (jommeux de Flenck.
{Hydrargyri pur. I^j, p. qtim. acacia, ,^iij, syrnp
diacod. ^ss. Rub together till the mercury is
extinguished. Fh.P.) Possesses the properties
of blue pill. Dose, gr. ij to viij, or more.
Syrupus Mori, .S'. e succo moro'ruin seu «i(cct
viori, Syrup of Mul'herries, (F.) Syrop de mures.
(Jfori sure, colat. Oj, sacchar. pmrif. Ibij. Fh, L.)
Gratefully refrigerant.
Syrupus e Succo Mororum, S. mori.
Syrupus MoRPn'i.f; Aceta'tis, Syrnp of ace-
tate of morphia. (Liq. v)orphi(P acet. f 5j, syrup
f ^xv. Ph. D.) Dose, f 5ss to f ,^j, as an opiate.
Syrupus Morph'ijk Muria'tis, Syrup of mu'-
riate of morphia. (-^''j. tnorph. miiriat. f^j;
syrup f^xvij. M. Fh. D.) Dose, f^ssto f5J, as
an opiate.
Syrupus Morphia Si;lpha'tis may bo made
in the same way.
Syrupus Niger, Melasses.
Syrupus 1'apav'eris, S.jwpareris somnireri
?e\\ jyaparcris alhi seu enieco'nio seu ile niecoi.io,
Diaco'ilium, Syrup of poppies, (F.) Syrop de pa-
vots bhincs ou Diacode. {J'apav. capsul. cxsiccat.
et contus. exemptis seminibus, §xiv, sacch. jiur.
tbij, aq. fervent, cong. ijss. JIacerate the caji-
sules in water for 12 hours; boil to a gallon, and
express stronglj'. Boil the liquor to Oij ; and
strain while hot. Defecate by rest, and boil Ic
Oj, adding the sugar so as to form a syrup. Ph.
L.) One ounce contains about one grain of opium.
Anodyne and demulcent.
The Dul)lin college has a Syrupus Opii, called
Common Syrup of Poppir", which is made by dis-
solving 18 grains of the Watery E.rtract of Opium
in 18 ounces of boiling water. Properties, those
of opium and syrup.
Syuupus de Papavere Erratico, S. rhoeados
— s. de Pomis compositus, see S. scnnno.
Syrupus Puote.1v, see Protea mellifera.
Svuui'us Pruni Virginia'n.i^, Syrup of Wild
cherry bark. (Pruni \'iryiuian. in pulv. crass,
^v, sacchar. Ibij, A-(jucb, q. 8. Moisten the bark
with water; let it stand for 24 hours; transfer it
to a percolator; pour water gradually upon it,
until a pint of filtered liquor has passed. Add
the sugar in a bottle, and dissolve by agitation.
Ph. U. S., 1851.) Dose, as a demulcent expec-
torant, f_^j to f.^iij.
Syuupus e Pulmonibus Vitulinis, see Syrupua
Zingiberis.
Syrupus Qui'ni^, Syrup of Quinia, (Simple
syrnp, 2 pints, suljjhate of quiuia, 64 grains.) Six
spoonfuls are commonly sufficient to arrest an in-
termittent.
Syrupus e Quinque Radi'oibus, Syrup of five
roots, (F.) Syrop des cinq racinee. (Had. apii,
fwniculi, apii petroselini, aa ^^v. Infuse for 24
hours in boiling Avate'r Oiiss, and strain. Fad.
aspurac/., rusci aculeati, aa ^v, aqua;, Ovij. Boil
and reduce to half; adding, towards the end, the
residue of the jjreceding infusion. Boil again for
some minutes; strain, and add ivhite sugar, Hjvj.
Ph. P.) Aperient and diuretic. Used in obstruc-
tions of the liver, spleen, and mesentery; and in
dropsy, itc. Dose, f.^ss to f^j. or more.
Syrupus Riiamni, S. Fhamni cathat'tici sen de
Spina cervi'nd seu spina; cervi'nes, Si/rup of Btick-
thorn, (F.) Syrop de iierprun. (Fhamn. baccar.
suec. recent. Oiv, zingib. rad. concis., pimentm
bacc. contrit., aa ,^ss, sacch. purif. Itjiiiss. Defe-
cate the juice for 3 days, and strain. To a pint
of this, add the ginger and pimento ; macerate for
4 hours, and strain ; boil what remains to Oiss.
Mix the liquors and add sugar, so as to form a
syrup. Fh. L.) Cathartic, but apt to gripe. Dose,
f 3iv to f 5ij.
Syrupus Riiei, Syrup of Rhubarb. (Rhei, in
pulv. crass., ,^ij ; Alcohol, Oss ; Aqu(p, Oiss; sac-
char. Ibij. Mix the alcohol and water; pour f.^iv
on the rhubarb, mixed with an equal bulk of sand,
and allow the whole to stand four hours; put the
mass into a percolator, and gradually pour on the
alcohol and water. By means of a water-bath,
evaporate to f.^xiij ; add the sugar, and malic a
syrup. Ph. U. S.)' Dose to a child, as a laxa-
tive, one or two teaspoonfuls.
SYUtrpus Riiki Aromat'icus, Aromatic or
Spiced Syrup of Rhubarb. (Rhei cont. ,^ii?s;
Garyophyl. cont., Cinnam. cnnt. aii ,^ss ; Myrist.
cont. ,5ij ; Alcohol, dilut. Oij ; Syrup Ovj. Mh-
cerate the rhubarb and aromatics in the diluted
alcohol for 14 days, and strain ; then, by means
of a water-bath, evaporate the liquor to a i)int,
SYRUPUS DE RIIEO
895
SYRUrUS ZINGIBERIS
and while still hot, mix with the syrup previonnly
hcivteil. Pli. U. S.) It may also bu made by the
procesa of displiK^cinent.
Tlio aroiiiiitic syrup of rhubarb is a ;:entle car-
ininnlivo catliurtic. Dose to a child, f 3J ; to i"
adult, t.^j
Syihi'US I)K Rhi;o, Syrupus de Cichorio coni-
jio.-itiis.
8vui'Pt'S RiICe'ados, .S'. de pnpnr'ete errat'icn
peu jxi/iriverln erriitici, Sip-tip of Red P<ipp!l, (F.)
iSijiii)) dn i-iiqiiflicot. (Itliattd. pet(d. recent, thj,
(iq. fervi'iit. i' ^xvu), s((cch. piirif. tbiis?. To the
water, heated in a wnti'r-bath, add the petals.
Remove the vessel; inaeerate for 12 hours; ex-
jires.s ; defecate, and add sugar to form a syrup.
J'li. L.) Chiefly used to give colour.
A factitious syrup is often made of aloes, dis-
solved in simple syrup.
SvilliPl'S RoSiG, is. roiin'nim aoluti'vus seu e
roKis Kiccin seu roHOi vfutifu'licB seu roHa'ceim
Sdhili'viiK, >^!/''iip of JioHev. (F.) Syrap de roxen
pub^n. (RoiCB out if. petid. exsicc. ,^vij. Hatch,
piinf. fbvj. tiq. fervenl. Oiv. Macerate the petals
for 12 hours. Evaporate the strained liquor to
lt)iiss. Aild the sugar. Ph. L.) Gently laxative.
Dose, f^lU to f3iss, or more.
Syuuimis Rosa: (} ai/liC45, Syrup of Red Rosen,
(F.) Si/rop lie rones rtnu/en. (Rosa Gidllc. pet<tl.
exsicc. ,^vij, aqiicB hidl. Ov, Hficch. pin if. Ibvj ;
prepared like the last. Ph. E.) Mildly astrin-
gent. Added to stomachic infusions.
Syriipijs Sacohahi, S. Simplex.
Svni'Pus Sarsapahil'l^, S. Samce, S. Snrza:,
Si/nq) of Sursapitrilla. (Riid. Sdrxnp. cont. It)j,
aqitcB bitllietit. cong., socch. pnrif. Ibj. Macerate
the root for 24 hours ; boil to Oiv. Strain while
hot; add the sugar, and boil. Ph. L.) Used in
the same cases a:5 the root. Dose, f^j to i'^'n',
and more.
SVRIIPUS DR SAnSAPARIl/l.A F.T SkNNA CoM-
POs'lTUS, ConipoHiid Sj/riip of SarmijiarlUii and
Sennn, (F.) Si/rop de Ciiixiiiier. (Had. Snrsnp.
concis. tbij. Infuse for 24 hours in warm icaler
Oxij ; boil for a quarter of an hour: pass with
expression, and boil again the residuum in Ox of
water. Reduce this to Ovj, and repeat the ope-
ration 2 or :' times. JNIix all the liquors and boil
them together with flowers of huroye, n-hilc roses,
senxa leaves and anis/ed, each ^ij ; reduce to half;
pass, and add houey tt)ij. Roil to a syrup. Ph. P.)
It is considered to he alterant, depurative, and
Budorific. Dose, f^ss to f.^i.j.
A similar syrup, under the name Syrupus
Sarsaparii/lvE Compos'itus, Compound Syrup
of Sarsaparilla, is directed in the Pliarmacop(eia
of the United States. (Sarsaparill. cont. Ihij ;
Lifjii. guaiac. rasur. ,5iij ; Ros(b ceutifol., Seuum,
Glycyrrhiz. cont. aa ,^ij ; 01. Sassafras. 01. Aiiisi.
Ha TT\^v. ; 01. Gaullherim m. iij ; Alcohol, ditut.
Ox.: .S'rrrr/^rr. ftviij. Macerate the snrsaparilla,
giiaiacum wood, roses, senna, and liquorice root
in the diluted alcohol for 14 ilays ; express and
filter. Evaporate the tincture in a warm bath to
four pints; filter, add the sugar, and form into
syrup. Lastly, having rubbed the oils with a
small quantity of the syrup, mix them thoroughly
with the remainder. Ph. U. S.)
If may also be made by the process of dis-
placement.
Syri'pus SarSvK, S. Sarsaparilla) — s. Sarzac,
S. Sarsaparilhe.
Syrupus pk Sca^imo'mo, Syrup of^Scnm'mnuy.
(I'uh: Scainmoii. ^fi'._sacch. alb. ^iv, alc<diol.
(s. g. "9^5 to ■9\b) f^viij. Heat the mixture
mocrerately : then set tire to the alcohol with a
lighted taper; agitate constantly, until the flame
is^extinffuished. Suffer it to cool :_pass through
cloth, and add Sjrvp of Viokis, f^iv. Ph. P.)
^} contains 18 grains of scamraony. Dose,- f Jj
to f.^ss.
Sykiipus SciLLyE, S. nciUil'icus seu scdlce mn-
rit'imcB, Syrup of Squilln. {Ace/, scillce. Oj, nacch.
Ibij. Ph. U. S.) Diuretic, expectorant, and
emetic. Used in the same cases as the oxymel.
Syrupus Scii.l.k Compos'itus, Mel Scillce.
Co III posit urn, C'inipouud Homy of Squill, Com-
pound Syrup of Squill, Hive Syrup. (Seillm
cont.; Seueiim cont. iiri .^iv; Autim. et Potasses
Tart. gr. xlviij : Aqua; Oiv; Sacchar. Ihiiiss.
P<iur tlie water upon the squills and scncka, and,
having boiled to one-half, strain and add the
sugar. Then evaporate to three pints, and while
the syrup is stifl hot, dissolve in it the tartrate
of antimony and potassa. It mjiy also he made
by the process of displacement. Ph. U. S.)
It is often given as an emetic in cases of croup,
and in catarrh, especially in children. Dose, to
infants, 10 drojis to a drachm, repeated every 15
minutes, if vomiting he desirable.
SviM'PUS Sks'i-xJ/K, Syrup <f Seneln. (SenegcB
cont. ,^iv; Aqucp. 0 j : Sacchar. Ibj. Boil the wa-
ter with the seneka to one half, and strain ; then
add the sugar, and form into syrup. Ph. U. S.)
It may also be formed by the process of dis-
placement.
This is a. favourite stimulant expectorant [?]
with many practitioners. Dose, f^^j or f^'j-
Syrupiis Sknn^, .S'. eassicr, hcuikb, Si/rup of
Senna. [ScnncB ^ij, sem. focnicul. cont. ^j, sacch.
pur. ^Kv. aqucE /jullicif. Oj. Macerate the senn.a
leaves and fennel-seeds with a gentle heat for an
hour. Strain : add the sugar, and make into a
syrup. Ph. U. S.) Cathartic. Dose, fgij to
f^^iss, or more.
The Parisian Codex has a Syrupus de Sennd of
a compound character, called Syrupus de pomis
compos'itus, (F.) Syroj) de pommes compose. It
contains, also, borage, bugloss, <tc. Dose, f3s3
to f^ij.
Syrupus Simplex, Syrupus (Pb. U. S.), .S".
Sac'chari, Sae'eharuin clarifica'tuvi, Liqua'rium,
Simple Syrup, Syrup, Common syrup of capillaire.
(Sacch. purif. Itjiiss, aqua; Oj. Diss(dve the sugar;
set aside for 24 hours ; remove the scum, and pour
off the clear liquid.) Used to cover nauseous
tastes, <fec.
Syrupus de Spina Cf.rvina, Syrupus rhamni
— s. de Stoechade communis, see Lavendula.
Syrupus Toiuta'ni's, X Toluta'ui seu toluif-
eree bal'satni seu balsani'icus, lialsnm'ic syrup.
Syrup of tolu. (Tinct. T<dut. f^iss ; Aqua. Oj ;
Sacchar. Ibiiss. Mix the tincture with the sugar
in coarse powder; expose it on a shallow dish to
a gentle heat, until the alcohol has evaporated;
pour the water upjon it; heat gradually until the
sugar is dissolved, and strain. Ph. U. S.) Use —
to give flavour.
Syrupus Vi'ot..*;, ^S". viola odorn'la, S. viola'-
rum, S. e succo viola'ruin, Syrvp of Violets. (Flor.
recent. vi(d. odorat. Ihij. aq. bull. Oviij, sacch. pur.
tbxv. Macerate, in a covered vessel, for 24 hours :
pass, without expression, through linen ; add the
sugar so as to form a syrup. Ph. E.) Very
gently laxative. Dose, f^j to f^ij.
Syrupus e Succo Yiolarum, S. violse.
Syrupus ZingiB'eris, S. aino'mi zingiheris,
Syrup of Ginger, (F ) Syrop de giucjevibre. ( Tinct.
Zingib. f^iv ; Aqua Oiv; Sacchar. ftx. Mix the
tincture with four pounds of the sugar in coarse
powder; and expose it in a shallow dish to a
gentle heat until the alc(diol has evaporated.
Add the rest of the sugar, and then the water in
a covered vessel; heat gradually until the sugar is
dissolved, and strain. Ph. U. S.) To the strained
liquor add the sugar, and form a syrup.
N. B. The Parisian Codex container:! a few
other compound syrups besides those enume-
SYS
896
TABELL.E
rnted; amongst these is a Si/nip of calf's hiiigs,
,S'/nipii8 e piiimoti' ibiis ritiili'iiis, (F.) Si/rop de
tiioii de vean, as an expectorant.
These syrups are made according to the usual
rule, and possess the virtues of the substances
after which they are named.
SYS. Syra.
SYi^PA'SIA, from avarrau, (cvv, und aradi, '1
draw,') ' I contract.' Clonic spasm, with dimi-
nished sensibility and innbility of utterance. A
genus in Good's Nosology, which includes con-
vulsion, epilepsy, and hysteria.
SvsPASiA CoNvuLSio, Convulsion — s. Epilep-
sia, Epilepsy — s. Hysteria, Hysteria.
SYSSAHCO'SIS, from aw, 'with,' and aap^,
cuDKOi, ' flesli.' CoDiniissu'ra ossium car'nea,
iSi/iiiph'i/'»'s ossinm miisoila'n's, Connex'io ossium
rartio'sa, Cania'tio, Concarna'tio. Union of bones
by means of muscles ; such as the union of the
OS hyoides with the lower jaw, of the scapula with
the ribs, &c.
SYSTALCTS, Systole.
SYSTAL'TIC, Sysfid'ticus, Peristal' tic ; from
cvnTzWui, (aw, and crrtAXu,) 'I contract.' A sys-
tidtic motion in a part is one in which there is
alternate contraction and dilatation. See Sys-
tole.
SYSTAT'ICA, from avviarrijn, (aw, and tarrim,
'I ])lace,') 'I associate.' Diseases afi'ecting seve-
ral or all of the sensorial powers simultaneously;
irritation or inertness of mind, extending to the
muscles, or external senses; or of the muscles,
or external senses, extending to the mind; — the
4th order, class Neurotica, of Good.
SYSTEM, Si/ste'iita, from aw, ' together,' and
larrim, 'I place.' This word, taken in a good
sense, means the collection and arrangement of
different matters having an analogy to each other,
or workino" towards the same end. In natural
history, it means a methodical arrangement of
objects for the purpose of facilitating their study.
System is, however, sometiiues used in an unfa-
vourable sense in physical science, and often
means, — a purely gratuitous supposition, by
which the march of nature is atteinjited to bo
universally explained, and to which every thing
is made to bend. In anatomy, system is an as-
semblage of organs, composed of the same tissues,
and intended for similar functions; for instance,
the nervous system, muscular system, &c.
SYSTEMA, System — s. Vasorum, Vascular
system.
SYS'TEMATISM. A method, according to
which every fact of a science is collected around
an opinion, true or false. One who reduces things
to such a method is called a Sys'tematist.
SYSTEMATIST, see Systematism.
SYSTEMATOL'OGY, Sy8tematolog"ia, from
avarriiia, 'system,' and Aoyoj, ' a discourse.' The
doctrine or a treatise of systems.
SYSTEME VASCULAIRE A SANG NOIR,
see Vascular — s. Vasculaire d sang rouge, see
Vascular.
SYS'TEMIC. Belonging to the general sys-
tem— as 'systemic circulation' in contradistinc-
tion to the 'pulmonic.'
SYS'TOLE. Same etymon as Systaltic. ^V-
tnl'sis, Constric'tio, Contrac'tio seu Augnsta'tio
seu Suhmissio seu Mica'tio cordis. The move-
ment of constriction or contraction of the heart,
to give impulse to the blood, or to cause its pro-
gression. It is opposed to the Diastole of the
organ.
SYS'TOLIC, Systol'icvs, (F.) Sysfoliqne ; same
etymon. Relating to the systole of the heart, —
as 'systolic murmur.'
SYZYGIUM NEllVORUM, Par nervorum.
T.
T Bandage, T fas'cin, Fns'cin T formis seu
Heliodo'ri, Crn'cial Bandage. A bandage shaped
like the letter T. It consists of a strip of linen,
of variable length and breadth, the middle of
which is attached, at right angles, to the extre-
mity of another strip, also of variable length and
breadth. When two such strips are attached, at
a distance from each other, the bandage is called
a double T. This bandage is used, principally,
for supporting the dressings after the operation
for fistula in ano, in diseases of the perinteum,
groin, anus, &c.
T Fascia, T Bandage.
TAR AC. Nicotiana tabacum — ^ des Savoyards,
Arnica montana — t. des 3loutagues, Arnica mon-
tana — t. des Vosr/es, Arnica montana.
TABACUM, Nicotiana tabacum.
TAB'ANUS, called, by the voyageurs, Bulldog.
A troublesome fly in the Hudson's Bay territory,
which makes a perforation like a leeehbite, from
which it sucks the blood.
TABARZET, Saccharum album.
TAB'ASIIEER, Tahaschir, Tahaxir. A sub-
Stance found in the knots of the bamboo, in the
East Indies, as a consequence of a morbid condi-
tion of the ])art. It is distinguished for its great
proportion of silicic acid, in combination with a
small quantity of mineral and vegetable matters ;
as well as for its slight refractive property. It
has been used in obstruction of the bowels. The
sweet juice of the bamboo stalks has also been
called Tabasheer.
TABEFACTION, Emaciation.
TABEFY, Emaciate.
TABEL'LA, Tub'ula, Tabula'tum, Lozan'gn,
Lozan'gia, Ifor'sulus, 3forsel'lus, Lozenge, Tes-
ad'la, (P.) Tablette, 'a small table.' A solid
medicine, composed of a powder, sugar, and mu-
cilage, Electua'rium suV idum ; and generally
shaped like a disk. See Pastil, and Troch. The
three comprise the Saccharoles solides.
Tabklla, Table.
TABELLiE ABSORBENTES, T. de Mag-
nesia.
Tabeli,.« Ac"idi Oxal'ici, T. ad aitem, Lo-
zenges of Oxalic Acid. (Acid, oxalic. 3J) sacch,
alb. SJss, ol. limonls, gtt. xviij seu gtt. xij. Make
into lozenges with mucilage of gum trngacanth.
Ph. P.) Lozenges are made- in the same way
with the citric and tartaric acids. They are re-
frigerant.
Tabklla de Ai.Tn.E'A, Lozenges of Marsli-
mallou:^. (Ra<l. althdcB pulv., ^iss, sacvliar. alb,
pulv. ,^ivss; f. massa. Ph. P.) Demulcent; ex-
pectorant.
Tabkll^e Antimo.ma'les Kuncke'mi, T. de
still' a sulphurc'to, Lozenges of Sidph'uret of Ant'i-
mony, Mor'snli antimonla'les seu stibii seu stihi-
a'ti, Trochis'ci stibiati. (Amygdal. d'dc. ,^j,
sacch. Ibss, sem. cardani., cinnam. j)u!v., sulph.
TABERNA MERICA
897
TABULA
antiin. frcp/pnr., aa ^^J ; flnnt tiibella?. P7/. P.
Each to weigh 10 gniins.) Ilecoininended in
cutaneous disojises, blennorrhagia, arthiitic pains,
Ac. Dose, 4 or more.
TABKM.yE AD Ardorem Ventuiculi, Trochisci
carbonatis calcis — t. Cardialgicae, Trochisci car-
bonatis calcis!.
Tabhi,k;e PR Cat'echu et Macne'sia, Ln-
zetif/cn of Catechu and Jlfof/iiesia, (F.) Tnblettes de
cnchoii et de 7)ini/iienie. (P. cntech. ^v], p. mriijneH.
giv, /). cinnam. ^iij, gacch. alb. Ibss, g. frayac.
gr. xij, «q. ciinunii. q. s. ut f. iiiassa. Ph. P.
Each to weigh 12 gr.) Antacid, absorbent, and
stomachic. Dose, 5 to 10 lozenges.
TAKKhhM Cincho'n.e, 7\ de hind kind, Baric
Lozeiu/es. [Ext. cinchon. sice, ^ss, Haceh. ^iv,
cinnam. ^^ph, mvcilag. g. trag. q. s. ut f. massa.
Ph. P.) Tonic.
Tabeix^r de Citro et DiACARTnAJio, T. de
Scnmmonio et SennS,.
Tabei,l;e de Ferro, Steel lozcngen, Tabula;
martla'IcH seu instauran'tcfi sou antichlorot' lea.
(Fen-i limat. pnrphyriz. ^^ss, p. cinnam. 7,], p.
sacch. ^v, g. trag. et aq. cinnam. q. s., ut fiat
massa. Each lozenge to weigh 12 gr. Ph. P.)
Tonic, stomachic. Dose, v to x.
Animnlic lozenges of steel. These consist of
Kulphate of iron, with a small proportion of the
Tinehne of Cantharides.
Tabell^ de Kina Kina, T. cinchonas.
Tabell^ de Magnesia, T. abxorben'tes, 3fag-
neeia lozenges. (Jllagnes. ^j, sacehar. alb. ^iv,
mucil. g. tragac. q. s. Ph. P.) Absorbent 'and
antacid.
TABKLr,^ DK Rheo, Phubarh lozenges. [P.
rhej. ^ss, sacch. ^v, niucilag. gum. tragac. q. s. ;
f. massa. Each to contaiUjl2 grains. Ph. P.)
Stomachic and laxative.
TABELLyF. DE ScAMMO'NIO ET SeNNA CoirPOS'-
IT^, 1'. de cilro et diacar'thamo. Compound lo-
zenges of scammony and senna. (Scammon. _^iij,
Sennm ,^ivss, rhej. ^iss, caryoph. p^j, corticis
limon. confect. '^}, sacch. ,^vj ; f. massa. Ph. P.)
Purgative. Dose, 3'j to ^^^vj, or more.
Tabei.l^ ad Sitem, T. acidi oxalici — t. ad
Sodara, Trochisci carbonatis calcis — t. de Stibii
sulphureto, T. antimoniales Kunckelii.
Tabell^ de Sul'i'hure Sim'pi.ices, Sintple
snlpihur lozenges. (Sulphur lot. ^as, sacch. ^\v,
muc. g. tragac. cum aqua rosi pra?pnr. q. s. Ph.
P.) Expectorant, demulcent, <fec. Used in dis-
eases of the chest, and in cutaneous affections.
Dose, a lozenge.
Tabell^ de Sulph'ure Compos'it^, Com-
pound sulphur lozenges. (Sulph. lot. ^\'^, acid,
benzoic, gr. xij, rad. irid. p. ^^s, ol. anisi, gtt.
viij, sacch. 5vss, g. trag. q. s. Ph. P.) Aperient,
e.xpectorant, and stimulant [?]. Dose, 4 a day.
TABERNA MEDICA, Pharmacopolium.
TABERN^MONTANA U'TILIS, (after Ta-
bernaeinontanus, a German botanist.) A tree of
British Guiana, of the family Apocynaceae, called,
by the natives, Ifi/a-Hya, the bark and pith of
which yield a milk, which is used by the savages
as a refreshing drink.
TABES, Jfaras'mus Tabes, Tabinn, from tabere,
'to decay;' Te'kedon, Atroph'ia, Tab'idness, De-
cline, Wastiig. Emaciation of the whole body,
with general languor, hectic fever, and, for the
most part, depressed spirits.
Tabes, Atrophy, Phthisis — t. Coxaria, Ischio-
phthisis — t. Diabetica, Diabetes mellitns — t. Di-
uretica. Diabetes mcllitus.
Tabes Dousa'lis, T. Dorsua'lis, Mnras'mns
tabes dor.ia'lis; Phthisis no'tias seu dorsa'lis seu
sicca, 3fyelophthi'sis, Myelatroph'ia, Myelanalo'-
sis, Talus ossis sacri. A wasting of the body,
attended at first with a pain in the back or loins,
nnd afterwards in the neck or head, — caused, it
57
has been conceived, by too early or too frequent
addiction to venery.
Tabe.s Gi.ANDi-LARis, T. mescnterica. Scrofula
— t. Ischiadica. Ischiophthisis — t. Lactea, Atro-
phia Jactantium, see Galactia.
Tabes Mesknter'ica, T. glanduln'ria sen scro-
fulo'sa, Atropik'ia mesenter'ica seu infant'uiii seu
glandula'ris seu infanti'lts seu dorsi, '['arabys'iiui.
mesenter'icum, Ma'cies Infan'tum, Pcpdatrojjh'ia.
Scrofula seu liachial'tjia seu P/iysco'iiia mescn-
terica, Myelophthi'sis sicca, Febria hec'tita in-
fan'tum. Phthisis mesara'ica, Mesenterophlhi'sis,
3!cscnter'ic^Disease, (F.) Carreau, Chartre, Scro-
fules ou Ecronelles wesenteriques, Etinic ou Jla-
chialgle ou Atrophic ou Physconie meseiiterique,
Entero-mesenterite, Tubercules des ganglions we-
senteriques. Phthisic mesenterique. An engorge-
ment and tubercular degeneration of the mesen-
teric glands, followed by emaciation and general
disorder of the nutritive functions. The disease
is often owing to inflammation or irritation of the
lining membrane of the intestines, giving occa-
sion to enlargement of the glands of the mesen-
tery,— as injury to the upper or lower extremities
causes inflammation, and enlargement of the
lymphatic glands of the axilla and groin. It
occurs, particularly, in children of a scrofulous
diathesis ; and in those who are weaned too early,
or fed on indigestible substances. Diarrhoea,
emaciation, anorexia, or immoderate appetite;
hardness and swelling of the abdomen; ami.
towards the end, hectic fever, are the chief
symptoms of this affection; the prognosis of
which is unfavourable. On opening the bodies
of those who die of the disease, the mesenteric
glands are found disorganized, tubercular, or in
a more or less advanced state of suppuration.
The treatment is the same as in scrophulosis.
Frictions may be added over the abdomen and
spine; and mercury, in small doses, so as to ex-
cite a new action in the system. The food must
be easy of digestion, and the bowels be kept
soluble.
Tabes Xutricum. Atrophia lactantium, see
Galactia — t. Ossis sacri. Tabes dorsalis — t. Pec-
torea. Rachitis — t. Pulmonalis, Phthisis pulino-
nalis — t. Scrofulosa, T. mesenteriea — t. Senuui,
Marasmus senilis.
TABESCEKE, Emaciate.
TABID, Tah'ldus, (F.) Tabide. Same etymon
as Tabes. Relating or appertaining to tabes.
Wasted bv disease.
TABIDNESS. Tabes.
TABIF'IC, Talificus, (F.) Tabifique, from
tabes, 'consumption,' and facere, 'to make.'
That which causes consumption or phthisis.
TABLE, Tab'ula, Tabell'a, Tabula'tum, Lam'-
ina. Paries, Squama. A name given to the
plates of compact tissue, which form the bones
of the cranium. Of these, one is external; the
other internal, and called Tab'ula vi'trea, on ac-
count of its brittleness.
TABLES DE MORTALITE, Mortalitv,
bills of.
TABLET, Trochiscus — t. Votive, Tabula vo-
tiva.
TABLETTE, Tabella.
TABLETTES DE CACHOU ET DE MAG-
NESIE, Tabellse de catechu et magnesia.
TA^i/£'/i', Yentrale cutaneum. '
TABOUllEr, Thlaspi bursa.
TABULA, Tabella, Table.
Tab'ui.a Voti'va, Yotire tablet. A tablet,
hungup as an offering — anathe'ma — in the an-
cient temples by the sick, descriptive of their
diseases, and mode of cure; or by those who had
been preserved from some calamity.
Tabula Antichlorotic.e, TabcllK de ferro —
TABULATUM
898
TAL
t. Instaurantes, Tabellae de ferro — t. Jlartiales,
TnhellfB de ferro.
TABULATUM, Tabella, Table.
TABUM, Ichor, Sanies, Tabes.
TAV, Influenza.
TACAMAHACA, Fagara octandra — t. Ca-
ragna, Caranna.
TACCA OCEANICA, see Arrowroot, (Tahiti.)
TACHE, Macula.
TACHE CERE BR ALE, Tache inhiingitique.
A red mark or stain, observable in a large num-
ber of hydnicephalic children, when pressure is
made on the skin. — Trousseau.
TACHE EMBRYONNAIRE, 'Embryonic
spot;' Cu'mulus, G. germinati'vus seu 2}>'<>li;i"en(s,
A'rea germinati'vti, Nu'cleun cicatn'c'itla seu
blastoderm' utiK, Ger'minal cn'tnuliis. A name
given by M. Coste to a spot seen on the blasto-
derma about the end of the first week, from which
the development of the embryo proceeds.
According to Bischoff, the blastodermic vesicle
consists here of a double layer, (F.) EeuiUet —
the upper one the serous or animal; the lower,
the mucous or vegetative ; and between these is
afterwards formed the vascular layer.
TACHE GERMINATIVE, see Molecule — <.
^lilanieune, see Nsevus — t. Meningitique, Tache
cerebrate — t. de A'^aissance, Nsevus — t. Sanguine,
see Nsevus.
TACHENCAUSIS, Combustion, human.
TACHE S HEPATIQUES, Chloasma.
TACHES LAITEUSES, Plaques laiteuses,
' milky spots or patches.' White spots occasion-
ally seen on the heart, and regarded by many
pathologists as the results of previous pericar-
ditis.
TACHES BE ROUSSEUR, Ephelides — «.
Rouges, Spots, red.
TACHETE DE ROUSSEURS, see Ephe-
lides.
TACIIYIA'TER, Tachjia'trua. Same etymon
as the next. One who cures speedily.
TACHYIATRI'A, from rami's, 'quick,' and
larpua, 'healing.' The art of curing quickly.
TACH'YTOMY, Tachytom'ia, from t«;^uj,
' quick,' and TOftn, ' incision.' The art of cutting
or operating rapidlv.
TACITUR'NITY. Tacitur'nitas,Sige, 'silence,'
from lacere, taciturn, ' to be silent.' ' State of a
person who does not speak.' Jlorbid taciturnity
sometimes exists as a symptom of the neuroses,
esj)ecially of melancholy.
TACT, TaclHS, from tangcre, factum, 'to touch.'
A modification of the sense of touch. Passive
judgment by the cutaneous nerves regarding bo-
dies exterior to the skin. Tact is passive: Touch,
active.
TACTILE, Tac'tilis; same etymon. Relating
or appertaining to touch.
TACTION, Touch.
TACTUS, Tact, Touch— t. Dolorificus, Hapto-
dyspboria — t. Eruditus, see Palpation.
TAE, Digitus pedis.
T.ED.A., Tcda, Das, Sais, 'a torch.' A term
used for a medicine employed under the form of
fuinisration, pessary, or troch.
TiE'NIA, Te'nia, Fas'cia, from ratvia, 'a fillet,
a riband.' See Bandage. Also a genus of intes-
tinal worms, characterized by an elongated, flat-
tened, and»articulated body, with four suctorial
oscula on the head. Of this genus, two only in-
habit the human body — the Tcnnia lata, (see Bo-
thriocephalus latus,) and T(p.nia solium.
T.EXIA AcRPHALA, Bothriocephahis latus — /. d
Aunenux courts, Bothrioccphalus latiis — t. a An-
iieaux longs. Tirnia solium — t. Articulos dcmit-
tens, Taenia solinra — t.Cncnrbitina, Tsenia solium
— t. Dentata, Bothrioccphalus latus — t. Grisea,
Bothrioccphalus latus — t. Hippocampi, Corpora
fimbriata — t. lluiiiana armata, Tiunia solium — t.
Humana inerinis, liothriocephalus latus — I. Hy-
dntigena. Hydatid — t. Lata, ISothriocephalus
latus — /. « Longues articulations. Taenia solium —
t. Menibranacea, Bothrioccphalus latus — t. Ner-
vosa Ilalleri, Ganglion of Oasser — t. Aon armf,
Bothriocephalus latus — t. Osculis lateralibus ge-
minis, Bothriocephalus latus — t. Osculis laterali-
bus solitariis, Bothriocephalus latus — t. Osculis
marginalibus solitariis. Taenia solium — t. Osculis
superficialibus, Bothriocejialus latus — t. Prima,
Bothrioccphalus latus — t. Sans fpine, Tasnia so-
lium — t. Secunda, Tjcnia solium.
T^NiA Semiciucula'ris, T. stria' ta, Gein'inum
centrum semicirctdu're, Limbus 2io^t<''>'ior cor'po-
ris stria'ti, StricB cur'necB seu semiluua'rcs seu
tervn'na'lcs, Free'nulunt novum, Fascia semicircu-
la'ris, (F.) Bandelette des Eminences yyrifoiiiea
(Ch.), Bandelette, B. demicirculaire, Lame conue.
A medullary, grayish, semitransparent layer, situ-
ate in the groove that separates the thalamus op-
ticus from the corpus striatum in the lateral ven-
tricle.
T^nia So'lium, T. os'culis marginal' ihus soli-
ta'riis seu cucurbiti'na seu liunia'na armu'ta seu
artic'ulus demit'tens BCU secun'da, Hul'ysis solium,
Vermis cucurbiti'nus, IjUinbri'cus latus, So'lium,
Tenia sans fpine ou d longues articulntions ou <>
nnueaux longs, Ver solitaire ou cucurbiti)i, Lo)ig
Tape Worm, has an almost hemispherical, dis-
crete head; an obtuse beak; the neck full ante-
riorly ; all the joints slightly obtuse, the anterior
very short; the next almost square, and the rest
oblong; the marginal foramina vaguely alter-
nated. The taenia s(>lium is commonly a few feet
long: sometimes its length is enormous. It is
said to have been met with COO feet long. It
principally inhabits the small intestines, and is
not common. The oil of turpentine, in some
form, largely exhibited, is perhaps the best
remedy.
T^NiA Striata, T. semicircularis — t. Tarini,
Lamina cornea — t. Tenella, Bothriocephalus latus
— t. Vulgaris, Bothriocephalus latus.
T^NIACIDE, Tisniafuge.
T^NI^ COLI, see Colon — t. Valsalvje Coli,
see Colon.
T^'NIAFUGE, Ta'nifuge, Tm'niacide, Ta'ni-
cide, Tania/'ugum, from tmnia, and fugo, ' I
drive off.' A remedy calculated to expel or de-
stroy taenia.
T^'NICIDE, from tmnia, and cado, 'I kill.'
A destroyer of taenia or tapeworm.
T^NIFUGE, Taeniafuge.
T^'XIOLA, Bandelette ; diminutive of Taenia.
Used by Gerber for a simple, band-like, or fiat
fibre. Filum tcenia/orm'e, seen under the micro-
scope.
TAFFETAS AGGLVTINATIF, Sparadra-
pnm adhassivum — t. d' Angleterre, see Sparadra-
pum adhsesivum — t. Epispastique, Sparadrapura
vesicatorium — t. GommS, see Sparadrapum ad-
haesivum — t. Vesicant, Sparadrapum vesicato-
rium.
TAFIA, Rum.
TAfE, see Caligo.
TAILLADE, Incision, see Entaille.
TAILLE, Lithotomy — t. HypogaHtri'<f^c, Hy-
pogastric operation of lithotomy, see Lithotomy
— t. Posterieure, see Lithotomy — /. Recto-rfsicah,
see Lithotomy — t. par le Rectum, see Lithotomy
— t. Sus-pnbienne, see Lithotomy.
TAKAMAHAKA, Fagara octandra.
TAKE, Attack.
TAKEN DOWN, see Attack.
TAKING, see Contagious.
TAL. A word formerly employed for alkali.
It also meant the dung of the peacock.
TALC EARTH
809
TARANTISMUS
TALC EARTH, MM^ncsia.
TALCUM NEPJIKITICUM, Nephrcticus
lapis.
TALEN'TUM, raXavrov. An ancient weight
cquiit to 54 pounds^, 2 oz., 5 dr., and 24 grains.
I'iiIiIh (le Marc. See Weights and Measures.
TALEOLIIS. Malleolus.
TALIACOTIAN OPERATION, Rhinoplastic.
TALINUM UMLELLATUM, see Mi^Un-u.
TALIPES, Kyllosis (Clubfoot) — t. Calcaneus,
see Kyllosis — t. Equinus, see Kyllosis — t. Valgus,
sec Kyllosis — t. Varus, sec Kyllosis.
TALLAHATTA SPRINGS, see Alabama,
miricriil waters of.
TALON, see Calcaneum.
TATiPA, ' a mole.' Tnpinn'rin, Tupinn'rio,
'J'dljtd'iia, TcKtu'di), (F.) Taupe. A tumour situ-
nte on the head, which has been supposed to
burrow like a mole.
TALPARIA, Talpa.
TALUS, Astragalus, Malleolus, see Calcaneum.
Pcssarv.
TAMARA CONGA, Averrhoa carambola.
TAMARyEA ZECLA, Taraarindus.
TAMAUfN, Tnmnrindus.
TAMARIN'DI PULPA, P»?p of Tamarhuh.
{T(iiii(in'ii(/a, q. s. Digest them with a small
(juantity of water, until they become of a uniform
consistence; then separate the seeds and fila-
ments, by pressing through a hair-sieve. Ph. U. S.)
TAMARINDS. PULP OF, Tamarindi pulpa.
TAMARIN'DUS, T. In'c/ica, Thamarliuliix,
O.ryph(i''iiicoii, Sil'iqtut Arah'ica, BnliniipuVli,
Tioiiarce'ri zecln, O.ri/phccni'cia, Aca'cia In'dicn,
Tamarind free, (Y.) Taniarhu Ocrf. Leguininosse.
Scj'. Sijit. Triandria Digynia. The pulp of the
tamarind with the seeds connected by numerous
tough strings, Tmnariiidiw (Ph. U. S.), is ex-
ported from the West Indies, preserved in syrup.
It is refrigerant and laxative. Tamarind xohey
is made by boiling i^V} of the pulp with ftiss of
niilk. When strained, it is used as a diluent in
fever.
TAMARISCUS, Tamarix Gallica.
TAM'ARIX, T. Gal'licn seu Pentan'dra, Ta-
marin'cun. The Tamarink tree. Ord. Tamnris-
cineae. Sex. Si/sl. Pentandria Pentagynia. The
bark, wood, and leaves were formerly employed
medicinally; — the former for its aperient and
corroborant virtues, in obstructions of the liver;
the hitter in icterus, haemoptysis, and some cu-
taneous affections.
TAMBOUR. CAVTTE DU, Tympanum.
TAMPA BAY, see Saint Augustine.
TAMPON, see Plugging.
TA MPONSEMENT. Plugging.
TAMUS COMMU'NIS, Am'pelos melce'nn (Di-
oscoridcs). Chiro'nia, Gynasean'the seu Apro'nia
(Pliny). Bnjo'nin nigra. Common Black Bry'ont/.
The root is diuretic, and has been given as an
nntilithic. In the herb-shops of Europe, it is
sold as a topical application for removing bruise
niarks, and in France is called Herhe aiix femmes
LatiiieK ; 'herb for beaten or bruised women.'
TANACE'TUM,?'. vulga're. Tana.'sin, Athana'-
fia, Parlhe'ninm man. Hind-heel, Tanny, (F. )
Tiinainic rnltjaire, Herhe aux vers, Coq den Jar-
dinn. Ord. Compositae. Sex. Si/st. Syngenesia
Polygamia. The leaves and flowers of tansy
have a peculiar, strong odour, and warm bitter
taste. They are tonio, deobstruent [?], and an-
thelmintic. Dose, gss to 3J. The infusion is
usually drunk as lea.
Tanack'ti'M BalsaMI'tA, T. hnrteu'se, Bahn-
vii'ta mas seu vulga'ria seu nnav'eolens seu major,
C'lHtnn horto'rnm, Mentha Boma'na seu Saracen'-
iea, Costmary, Alccost, Coch--m<nt, (F.) Menthe
coq, Herhe an coq. Grand Baitme. A fragrant-
Bmolliii" herb, somewhat resembling mint, and
forinerl}' much esteemed as a corroborant, carmi-
native, and einnienagogue.
TANACiiTfM IloiiTKNsK, T. balsamita.
Tanack'tum Multiflo'rum. A South African
plant, which is used as a tonic, antispasmodic
and anthelmintic. It is given in flatulency, gout,
amenorrhoea and dropsy : but is especially pre-
scribed in cases of ascarides lumbricoides and
other entozoa. It is administered in the form of
powder or infusion ; the latter acting also as a
diaphoretic and diuretic. It is used likewise as
a resolvent and anodj'ne fomentation.
TANAISIE VULGAIRE, Tanacetuin.
TANASIA, Tanacetum.
TANGE, Tayyr], 'rancidity.' A putrescent
tumour.
TANGHINIA, Cerbera tanghin.
TANGLES, BIG, Pila marina— t. Blue, Gay-
lussacia dumosa.
TANINUM, Tanninum.
TANNIC ACID, Tannin.
TANNICUM PURUM, Tannin.
TANNIN, from (F.) tanner, ' to tan.' Tan'-
nicnm purum, Tanni'nnm, Tani'nu-ni, Princij^'iimi
Adslringena seu Scytodep' nicnm seu Byrsodep'-
aienm seu Coria'ceum, Scytodep'aium, Mate'ria
Scytodeph'ica,Acidum Tan'nicnm seu Scytodeph'i-
cnm seu Quercitan'nicnm, Tannic acid, (¥.) Acide
tanniqne. A principle obtained from oak bark
and other astringent vegetables, so called from
its forming the principal agent in the process of
tanning. Pure tannin, obtained from galls, by
the action of ether, (see Ph. U. S.) has been em-
ployed as an excellent and powerful astringent.
Dose, two grains, repeated several times a daj'.
TANSY, Tanacetum — t. Wild, Potentilla an-
serina.
TAPER, HIGH, Verbascum nigrum.
TAPE'TUM,7'(i7jps, 7'«^c'(e, 'tapestry, a carpet.'
Tape'tnm chordidew. A shining spot, on
the outside of the optic nerve, in the eyes of cer-
tain animals, which is owing to the absence of
the pigmentum nigrum, occasioning the reflection
of a portion of the rays from the membrana
Ruyschiana. Its use appears to be, by reflecting
the rays, to cause a double impression on the
retina, and thus add to the intensity of vision.
Tapetitm, see Corpus Callosum.
TaPETUM Alve'oli, Memhra'na exter'na den'-
linm. The outer membrane of the teeth. The
lining membrane or periosteum of the alveoli.
TAPEWORM, BROAD, Bothriocephalus latus
— t. Long. Tfenia solium.
TAPIOCA, see Jatropha manihot — t. Pearl,
see Jatropha manihot.
TAPSUS BARBATUS, Verbascum nigrum.
TAPSARIA. Decoctum hordei.
TAR, see Pinus sylvestris — t. Barbadoes, Pe-
troleum.
Tau Beer, see Pinus sylvestris.
Tar. Mineral, Pissasphaltum.
Tar AVater, see Pinus sylvestris — t. M'ine, see
Pinus sylvestris.
TAR'ACIIE, Tarax'is, Tarag'ma. Tarag'mxs,
'disorder.' A disorder of sight which arises
from a blow, compression of the eye. or the action
of dust, smoke or other external cause. By some,
it is understood to signify mild or incipient oph-
thalmia.
Tapaxv '■'If Koihni, ' disturbance of the belly.'
Diarrhoea.
TARAGMA, Tarache.
TARAGMUS, Tarache.
TARAGON. Artemisia dracuneulus.
TARAHO, Pelfandra Virginica.
TARANTISM'US, Tarentis'mns, TarantnhV.
mui, Dinoma'uin, Chore'a Sancti Valenti'ni,
Taren'tulism, Tar'antism, from Tarentiim, or
Taranto, where it was observed. A feigned or
TARANTULA
900
TATZ6
imaginary disease in Apulia, characterized by
excessive avidity for dancing at tlie sound of in-
struments, and which was ascribed, by the vul-
gar, to tlie bite of the tarantula. A sort of taran-
tisinus. considered peculiar to Africa, and believed
to be spontaneous, has been called Tarentismus
I'coujitd'iiiin, Jdiioii-tareiitisme.
TAKAN'TULA. Same etymon. Turcn'tnla,
(F.) Tiirciitiile. A species of spider — the Ara'iiea
Tiircntida of Linnaeus, Lyco'na Turentnln of La-
treille — whose bite has been looked upon as dan-
gerous. Music has been thought to cure it.
TARASCON, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Chalybeate springs in the department of Arriege,
France. They contain iron and carbonic acid.
TARAXACUM, Leontodon tara.\acum — t.
Dens leonis, Leontodon taraxacum.
TAR AX IS, Tarache, see Ophthalmia.
TARCHON SYLVESTRIS, Achillea ptarmica.
TARENTISMUS, Tarantismus — t. Tangi-
tanus, Tarantismus.
TAR EN TULA, Tarantula.
TARENTULISM, Tarantismus.
TARGAR, Juniperus communis.
TARI. Palm or cocoa wine, from which sugar
was obtained, called Jtujre. It was once used as
a tonic.
TARI'NI PONS, (F.) Pont de Tarin. A cine-
ritious substance, between the corpora albicantia,
which unites the crura and assists in forming
the bottom of tlic third ventricle. The fossa, at
the bottoui of wliich it is placed, is called Locus
perforn'tun pnHtl'cns, Posterior per'forated space,
Sitbstnn'tia seu Lam'inu perfora'ta poste'rior,
TARO, Arum esculentum.
TARSAL, Tnr'sens, from tarsus, (F.) Tarsien.
That which relates to the tarsus.
Tarsal Ahtkuilations result from the union
of the b(mes of the tarsus with each other.
TAR'SEA LATA (LIGAMENTA). Three
ligaments, described by Winslow as stretching
from the edge of the orbit to that of the tarsi,
with which, he thought, they formed a complete
layer of the eyelids. Zinn could not trace the
ligaments all the way to the tarsi ; whilst Haller
doubted altogether their ligamentous texture, and
Zeis regards thetn as merely areolar substance.
TARSEUS, Tarsal.
TARSO, in composition, belonging or relating
to the tarsus.
TARSO-METATAR'SAL, Tm-so-metatar'seus.
That Avhich relates to tarsus and metatarsus.
Tarso-Mktatausal Akticiilatio.vs are those
between the bones of the second row of the tarsus
and the metatarsal bones. The term Tnrso-me-
tatarsttl is likewise applied to ligaments connected
with these joints, some of which are dorsal, and
others j)lnntar.
TARSO-META TA RSl-PHALANGIEN DU
POUCE, Adductor pollicis pedis — t. Phnknujien
dn ponce, Flexor brevis pollicis pedis — t. Sons-
phalaugien dn petit orteil. Flexor brevis minimi
digiti pedis — t. Sous-phalanrjettien du premier or-
teil, Flexor brevis pollicis pedis.
TARSOPIIY'MA, from Tarsus, and (/.u/ia, 'a
ttimour.' A swelling of the tarsus.
TARSOR'RHAPHY, Tarsorrnph'ia, from tar-
sus, ' the tarsal cartilage,' and pa<pri, ' suture.'
An operation for diminishing the size of the
opening between the eyelids, when it is enlarged
by surrounding cicatrices.
TARSOT'OMY, Tarsotom'ia, from tarsus, and
Toixri, ' incision.' The section or removal of the
tarsal cartilages.
TARSUS, r<i/j(TOf, Planta prima seu Rasse'ta seu
Rasce'ta pedis, Pc'dliim, Clavic'nlcB pedis nodus.
1. The posterior part of the foot. The tarsus
consists of 7 bones, arranged transversely in two
rows, between which amputation is sometimes
performed. The first or Tibial row, (F.) Pre-
miere raucjfe, R. jamhiire, consists of the nstrn-
galus and os caleis ; the second or metaliirsul, (F.)
tiecoude raui/^e, R. mftat^rsieintc, of tlie sca-
phoides, cuboides, and three ossa cuneiformia.
2. The Tarsi, Tarsal cartilages. Tarsal fibro-car-
tilarjes, Orchoi, Crepid' iitcs seu Coro'ixp. scu Che-
IcB seu Uu'(j\dcB Paljtebra'rum, Tharsi, Cil'ia, are
two siuall cartilaginous layers, seated in the sub-
stance of the free edge of each eyelid. The upper
is larger and broader than the lower. Both com-
mence at the bifurcated extremity of the tendon
of the orbicularis palpebrarum, and pass to the
opposite commissure of the eyelids. They are
broader in the middle than at their extremities.
TARTAR, Antimonium tartarizatum (iiniiro-
perly), Potassic supertartras impurus — t. Cal-
careous, Potassaj subcarbonas — t.^Crystals of,
Potassae supertartras.
Tartau Embtic, Antimonium tartarizatum.
Tahtar, Salt of, see Potash, and Potassiu sub-
carbonas— t. Soluble, Potassa; tartras, see Potash.
Tartar of tub Tefth, Odontolithos.
TARTA'REI jMORBI. A term employed by
Paracelsus to designate certain diseases which he
attributed to tartar.
TARTARI CRYSTALLI, Potassse super-
tartras.
TARTAR'IC ACID, Ac"idum tartar'ieum seu
tartaro'sum seu tar'tari essentia'le, Acor tartar'-
icus, Sal tartnri essentia'le, Tarta'reous acid, (F.)
Acide tartriqne. (Potasses bitart. Ibiiss, aq.
destillat. ferv., cong. iij. cretm ppt. Ibj, acidi
sulph. Ibj. Boil the bitartrate with two gallons
of the water, and gradually add the prcpnred
chalk, until no more bubbles appear; let the tar-
trate of lime subside ; then pour off the fluid and
wash the tartrate of lime with distilled water,
until it is tasteless. Pour upon it the sulphuric
acid, diluted with a gallon of boiling distilled
water; and set the mixture aside for 24 hours,
occasionally stirring it. Filter and evaporate it
to crystallize. /'/(. L.) It is refrigerant and
antiseptic, but is chiefly used for making efferves-
cent draughts with soda.
TARTARUM, Potassae supertartras impurus —
t. Sidubile, Potasste tartras — t. Vitriolatuui, Pg-
tassae sulphas.
TARTARUS AMMONIA, Aramoni» tartras
— t. Chalybeatus, Ferrum tartarizatum — t. Cru-
dus, Potassre supertartras impurus — t Dentium,
Odontolithos — t. Emeticus, Antimonium tartari-
zatum—t. Kalicoferricus, Ferrum tartarizntum —
t. Kalinus, PotassiXj tartras — t. Lixivisv, Potassa:
tartras — t. Martialis, Ferrum tartarizatum — t.
Potassae ferruginosus, Ferrum tartarizatum — t.
Stibiatus, Antimonium tartarizatum — t. Subpo-
tassicus, Potassae supertartras — t. Superpotassicus,
Potassae supertartras — t. Tartarizatus, Potassae
tartras.
TARTRATE D'AMMONIAQUE, Ammonia;
tartras.
TART RE BRUT, Potassae supertartras impu-
rus— t. Cru, Potassae supertartras impurus — t. drs
/)e»?s, Odontolithos — t. Emetique, Antimonium
tartarizatum — t. Stibie, Antimonium tartarizatum.
TASIS, Extension, Tension.
TASTE, Gustus, Geusis, Geuma, Geuthmos, (Y.)
Go&t. One of the five external senses, which in-
structs us of the savours of bodies, and of which
the tongue is the principal organ.
Gustation, Gustatio, is the exercise of this fa-
culty. In disease, the taste frequently becomes
variously vitiated. The nerves of taste are pro-
bably the glosso-phnryngeal, and, perhaps also,
the lingual branch of the fifth pair.
Tastf, Savour.
TATZ'E. The fruit of Myrsi'nn Afriea'na, a
native of Abyssinia, the Cape of Good Hope, the
TATTOOING
901
TELA
Azores, and Algeria, which is used as a taenia-
fuge.
TATTOO'ING. A practice, with the South
Sea Islanders, of puncturing the skin, and forc-
ing coloring matters into the punctures. Sailors
in all countries are in the custom of practising it
by rubbing or forcing gunpowder into the punc-
tures. The figures, thus formed, remain through
life.
TA UPE, Talpa.
TAUIIOCOL'LA, from ravpo;, 'a bull,' and
KoXXa, 'glue.' Glue made of the ears and genitals
of the bull. It was formerly much esteemed.
TAURUS, Penis, Perineum.
TAXIS, 'arrangement;' from rao-o-o), 'I order,'
' I arrange;' UejWKW'io, Jieduc'lio, Syntax' ia. A
methodical pressure exerted by the hand on a
hernial tumour, for the purpose of reducing it.
This operiition is generally easy in herniae that
nre free from adhesions, of small size, and with a
large opening into the sac; but it is very difficult
and frequently impracticable in those that are
adherent or ^^t^lllgulated. To perform the taxis,
the patient should be put in the horizontal pos-
ture, and in one in which the parietes of the ab-
domen are relaxed. The manual procedure va-
ries in each species of hernia. In all cases, too
strong pressure of the parts must be avoided ; as
inflammation and gangrene might be induced.
The displaced organs must be pushed into the
abdomen, according to the direction of the axis
of the hernial sac. The reduction is sometimes
favoured by blood-letting ad deliqiiium ; the
warm bath; warm fomentations; tobacco; emol-
lient glysters ; and, at times, by cold applications,
as ice, <fec. In a case of strangulated hernia,
should the taxis fail, an operation becomes ne-
cessary.
TAXO'DIUM DIS'TICIIUM, Cnprcs'sns dh'-
tichii, Schuher'tia dis'ticha, Cijprcsn, Bald Cypress ;
indigenous. Nat. Ord. Coniferas. A balsam,
obtained from it, is applied to cuts and wounds.
The resin from the cones is diuretic and carmina-
tive.
TAXOXOMY, Biotaxy.
TAXUS BACCA'TA, Ta\oi. The Yew tree,
Smildx, Smilas, Thyni'alos, (F.) If. Fantily, Co-
niferie. Sex. Syst. Direcia Monadelphia. The
jincients believed the yew to be poisonous ; but
the fruit may be eaten without inconvenienc't.
The leaves have been often recommended in epi-
lepsy. The resin, obtained from the bark, has
been called a/bir.
TAXUS CANADEN'SIS, American Yew,
Ground Hem luck ; indigenous. The leaves are
said to be sedative.[?]
TAXWAX, see Nucha.
TA YE, Caligo.
TAYLOR'S REMEDY FOR DEAFNESS,
see Allium.
TEA, Thea — t. Apple, see Apple tea — t. Baha-
ma, Lantnna caniara — t. Beef, see Beef tea — t.
Berried, Gaultheria.
Tka Bkriiy, Gaultheria.
Tea, Blankknhkim, see Galeopsis grandiflora
— t. Brazil, Lantana pscudothea — t. Bushman's,
Methyscophyllum glaucum — t. Caffre, llelichry-
sum nudifolium — t. Chicken, see Chicken tea — t.
Flaxseed, Infusum Lini comiiositum — t. Ginger,
Iiifusum Zingiberis — t. Hottentots', Helichrysum
Serpyllifolium — t. Labrador, Ledum latifolium —
t. Lemon-peel, see Citrus medica — t. Lye, Phy-
siek's, s«e Fuligokali — t. Marsh, Ledum pahis-
tre — t. Mexico, Chenopodium ambrosioidcs — t.
Mint, Infusum mentha) — t. Mountain, Gaulthe-
ria— t. Mutton, see Mutton tea — t. New Jersey,
Celastrus — t. Oswego, Monarda coecinea — t. Red-
berry, Gaultheria — t. Sassafras, S.aloop — t. Slip-
pery elm, Infusum Lini compositum — t. Soot,
see Fuligokali — t. South sea. Ilex vomitoria — t.
Spanish, Chenopodium ambrosioidcs — t. Yeal, see
Veal tea.
TEAK, Paronychia.
TEAR, Sax. tear, Lac'ryma, Lach'rymn, Lac' -
rima, Lac'rnma, Dacry, Vac'ryma, Dac'ryon,
Humor lacryiiia'lis, Eyedrop, Weepiiitj-leitr, (F.)
Larme. An exorementitious humour, secreted by
the lachrymal gland, and poured between the
globe of the eye, and the eyelids, to facilitate tho
motions of those parts. The tears arc saline, in-
odorous, and colourless. They turn the syrup of
violets green ; and contain chloride of sodium,
with excess of base; phosphates of lime and soda,
and albumen, and a special organic matter called
Lac'rymine and Tlirtpniue.
TEARS, DEERS', Bezoar of the deer.
TEASEL, CULTIVATED, Dipsacus sylves-
tris.
TEASICK, Phthisis pulmonalis.
TEAT, Nipple.
TEAZEL, Eupatorium perfoliatum.
TECEDON, Phthisis.
TEONOCTONIA, Infanticide.
TECNOL'OGY, Tecol'oyy, Tccnnhi(i"ia, Teco-
loy"ia, from tckvo; and rtnof, ' a child,' and Xoyoj,
'a description.' A treatise on children.
TECOLITIIOS, Judanis (lapis.)
TECO'MA RADI'CANS, lihjno'nia mdi'cans,
Truiiqx-t Jlower, Trumpet creeper, Viryin'ia creep-
er. Indigenous; the orange and scarlet flowers
appearing in July. Order, Bignoniaccas. The
leaves are acrid.
TECTARIA CALAHUALA, see Calagualae
radix — t. Ferruginea, see Calagualaj radix.
TEDA, Tanla.
TEETH, see Tooth— t. Bixrred, BarrScs (Dents)
— t. Eye, Canine teeth — t. Jaw, Molar teeth — t.
Milk, see Dentition— t. Neck of the, Collum den-
tium — t. Shedding of the, see Dentition — t. Vi-
treous substance of the, Enamel of the teeth — t.
Wisdom, sec Dentition — t. Wit, see Dentition.
TEETHING, Dentition.
TEGIMEN, Integument.
TEGMEN, Inteiiumcnt.
TEGULA HICERNICA, Ilibernicus lapis.
TEGUMEN, Integument.
TEGUMENT, Integument.
TE(JUMENTARY,"^7Vy»«,e,if«'c;»», (F.) T&-
f/umenldirc. Relating or appertaining to the in-
tegument.
TEGUMEN'TUM, Integument— t. Auris, see
Tympanum — t. Ventriculorum cerebri, Centre,
oval, of the brain.
TEIG XE, Pityriasis, Porrigo, Porrigo lupinosa
— t. Annulaire, Porrigo scutulata — t. en Anneaii,
Porrigo scutulata — t. Fareitue, Porrigo favosa —
t. Furfnracie, Porrigo furfurans — /. Aninmulaire,
Porrigo scutulata.
TEINESMOS, Tenesmus.
TEINODYN'fA ; from retvctv, < to extend,' and
oSvvri, 'pain.' Pain of the sinews or tendons.
TEINOPHLOGO'SIS; from Teivttv. 'to ex-
tend,'and 0Aoyu)cru, ' inflammation.' Inflamma-
tion of the sinews or tendons.
TEINTURE, Tincture — ^ FtherSe.s-ee Ethe-
real— t. Rnhffiante, Tinctura eantharidis.
TEKEDON, Tabes.
TELA, Texture, Tissue — t. Accidentalis Me-
duUaris, Encephaloid — t. Cavernosa, Cavernous
texture — t. Cellulosa. Cellular tissue — t. Cornea,
Corneous tissue — t. Choroidea, Choroidea tela — t.
Emplastica, Sparadrapum — t. Erectilis, Erectile
tissue — t. Fibrosa, see Fibrous — t. Galteri, Spa-
radrapum Galteri — t. Hippocratis crihrosa. Cellu-
lar tissue — t. Hj-menochondroides, Tissue, carti-
laginous— t. H3'menochondrodes, Tissue, cartila-
ginous— t. Ichthyoeollse glutiuans, see Sparadra.
TELAMON
902
TEMPORAL
pum adhasivum — t. Inodularis, Tissue, inodular
— t. Organic!), llistos — t. Vesicatoria, Sparadra-
]iiini vesieatoriutn.
TP^LAMON, Habena.
TKLAMO'NES. riXaiitavf;, 'bandages.' Char-
pic, used for wounds; or linen employed for
liiindages.
TELANGECTASIS, Telangiectasia.
TELANGIECTA'SIA, Telangfec'tasi'a, Tclan-
ijec'ttisiK, Auijeiotelecta' nin, Ucematotelougio'sis,
J/(Bni<itel(n>(/i(i'dis, Anyiccta'sia, Aitastomo'sis
imeiirtjumat'ifd ; from tiXos, 'far,' ayyetov, ' ves-
.'iel,' J>nil [KTuaii, 'dilatation.' Dilatation of far or
capilliirv vci^sels. Njbvus inaternus. Aneurism
liy anastomosis. According to some, fungus hae-
inatodcs. See Ilaematodes fungus.
Tki.angibctasia Oculi, Cirsophthalmus.
TELEPH'IUM, U/ciis tehpju'um, Achille'nm-
The ancients gave this name to any ulcer of a
very bad kind, and difficult to cure, because the
■vvound, which Achilles inflicted on Telephus, de-
generated into a similar ulcer.
Tm.Ki'HiiiM, Sedum telephium.
TELLURISMUS, Magnetism, animal.
TELLU'llIUM, (F.) TeUure ; from tellvs, tel-
luric, ' the earth.' A metal first met with in the
gold mines of Transylvania. It is of a bluish
white c(dour, very volatilizable : specific gravity
6'115; and o.xidizable in the air and by heat.
Ttie salts of tellurium occasion the exhalation of
so disagreeable an alliaceous odour from the body,
that they have not been much experimented with
as therapeutical agents.
TELUM, Penis.
TEMPE, Temple.
TEM'PERAMENT, Tewpcramen'tum, Temper-
ofn'rrt, Tejiipeifi'tlo, Tempo' vies ; from tempnrare,
' to moderate,' (iriginally from teiiiptia, temporis,
' time,' the great temperer ; Cottip/ex'io, Urasis,
Jii(cra'ni(i. A name given to the remarkable dif-
ferences that exist between individuals, in conse-
C|uence of the variety of relations and proportions
between the constituent parts of the body. Thus,
of old, it was supposed that, according to the pre-
dominance of any one of the four humours then
generally admitted, — blood, lymph, bile, and atra-
bilis or black bile, — the manifestations of the
functions were tewpi'i-rd or modified so as to give
rise to a 8>nit/ii!iie, h/iiip]i<itic. choleric, or atrahi-
lidiis or nielrnicholic predominance or tempera-
ment. The idea of the existence of certain of
these humours has been banished ; yet the influ-
ence of some, as of the blood, lymph, and bile, is
still admitted by many. Too much influence has,
doubtless, been assigned to temperament in the
sense in which it was formerly and still is gener-
ally understood, although there can be no ques-
tion that dilfcrenee of organization occasions a
difference in the activity of organs.
Tkmi'euajibnt, Bilious, Choleric tempera-
ment.
TEM'PERANCE, Sophms'yne, Nephal'iotes,
Sobri'etim, Snhri'ety. Same etymon. Modera-
tion, opposed to gluttony and drunkenness. The
advantage of temperance, in a hygienic point of
view, requires no comment.
TEMP Ell A N TS, Sed a ti ves.
TEMPERATIO, Temperament.
TE:MPERATURA, Temperament.
TEMPEKIES, Temperament.
TFj.MPLE, Tempns, Re'yio Tcmpnra'h'ii, Crot'-
npliiix, (F.) Teiiipe. A depression, on each side
of the head, between the forehead and eye ante-
riorly, and the ear posteriorly. The templen, dis-
tinguished into ri'jht and left, correspond to the
temporal fossa on each side. The word is said to
be from the Latin tempm, ' time,' because in this
part the hair first begins to turn white, and to
indicate age.
TEMPORAL, Tempom'li8. That which re-
lates to the temples.
TkmpohaI; Ai'ONKURo'sis is a very strong apo-
neurosis, of a bluish, shining colour, which is at-
tached to the whole of the curved line of the
temporal bone; to the posterior edge of the inahir
bone; to the superior margin of the zygomatic
arch ; and forms an envelope for the temporal
muscle.
Tkmporal Artehies, Crot'aphite Arteries, are
several: — I. The Temp(>r(xl Arlerij, \)ri)\)CT\y so
called, arises from the outer side of the superior
part of the external carotid. It ascends between
the ramus of the jaw, the meatus auditorius ex-
ternus, and the parotid gland, which covers it as
far as the zygomatic arch. Above this it becomes
subcutaneous; and, when it has attained the
middle of the temporal region, it divides into two
branches; the one anterior — A. tejiip<>rn'lin fron.
ta'lin seu inier'iiti seu aiite'riiir ; the other poste-
rior— the A. teniporuliu oeeipita'lin seu e.rter'nn
seu snpe.'rior. The temporal artery, before its
division, gives off, 1. Branches to the parotid; to
the joint of the lower jaw; to the meatus audi-
torius, and to the masseter. 2. The tronnveme
arteri/ of the face. 3. The middle tevqjnral, which
arises bcneath»the cheek-bones, and traverses the
temporal aponeurosis, immediately beneath that
bone. II. The Deep-seated Tew'pornh — A. tern-
pnrn'len prafiut'dcB. These are two in number.
They arise from the internal maxillary, and have
been distinguished, from their position, into nn-
terior und posterior. They send their principal
divisions to the temporal muscle.
Temporal Bone, Os tern'poris seu tempnm'le
seu arcua'le seu arma'le seu parietu'le iiifcrius
seu crot'ophnni seu memen'to wnri sen nieiido'-
svm seu crot'nphit'iciim seu lapido'sum, is seated
at the lateral and inferior part of the cranium, of
which it forms part; and contains, within it, the
special organs of audition. It is usually divided
into three portions : — 1. The sqnamoKs, Pars
sqiiamo'sa, Sqxavia, Lepis'nia, Os tepidoi'des seu
sqnamo'sinn seu sqnamifor'me, (F.) Portion ecail-
leitse on squameiise. 2. Ihe mastoid 2'oytion, 7ir\i,
3. The Petrous portion. Petrous Proc"ess, Pyr'-
amis tn'go'ua, Os lapide'um seu lapido'sum seu
sax'enni seu petro'snm seu litho'ides seu durum scu
prmruptcB ru])i assimila'tnm seu nervule. Pars pe-
tro'sa, P.]»/ra>uida'lis ossia tern'poris, (F.) Portion
pierreuse, Rocher, Ospetreux, Apophyse pyrami-
dale, A. petrfe.
It htis, Jirat, an auricular or external face, on
which is a surface that makes part of the tempo-
ral fossa; the zygomatic process ; the (/lenoid ca-
vity ; the fissure of Glaser ; the meatus audito-
rius externus ; the mastoid process; the digas-
tric groove; the canalis caroticus ; the jugular
fossa; the styloid process ; the stylo-mastoid fo-
ramen, Ac. 2. A cerebral or internal surface,
which corresponds to the cavity of the cranium,
and on which is the Pars jietrosa, the hiatus Fal-
lopii, the meatus auditorius iuternus, the fssnrc
of the aquffductus vestihuli, a jyortion of the gut-
ter for the lateral sinus, &c. 3. A circumference,
on which is observed the orifice of the bony por-
tion of the Eustachian tube, the aquaductus
cochlea, (fee. The temporal bone is articulated
with the sphenoid, occipital, parietal, malar, and
inferior maxillary bones. It is developed from
five points of ossification.
Temporal Fossa. Fossa temporn'lis, in an ex-
cavation, observed at each side of the head. It
is filled by the muscle whose name it bears, and
is formed by the temporal and sphenoid, below ;
by the parietal and frontal bones, above ; is
separated, by a transverse crista, from the
TEMPORO-A URIC UL AIRE
9 03
TENSE UR
zy;?omalic fossa; and completed, before, by the
chi'ek-bone.
Tbmporal Muscle, Tewporn'lin, Crotnphi'tes,
(F.) Airiidl-iemporo maxiUaire, Ttmporo mtixil-
liire (Cli.), is a broad, flattened, triangular mus-
cle, which fills the temporal fossa. Its fibres are
attached to the temporal aponeurosis and fossa;
und all converge into a stronj; tendon, which
passes under the zygomatic arch, and is inserted
into the coronoid process of the lower jaw. Tliis
muscle raises the lower jaw, and applies the teeth
against each other.
TKNfPoKAL Nkuvks. ThcsB are distinguished
into the unperficial tempornl, furnished by the
inferior maxilhiry branch of the fifth pair, behind
the condyle of the jaw; and the tempnialea pro-
fundi, — nnterior and poHten'or, — furnished by
the same nerve at its exit from the cranium.
Siiramering has given the name temporol to the
divisions sent by the facial nerve to the temporal
regions.
TKMi'OiiAL Veins were formerly called yEtoi
or Aeloi Phlehea, Af/'itila; VeticB.
TEMPORO-AURIGULAIRE, Attollens au-
rem.
TEM'PORO - FA'CIAL, Tem'poro-facin'lla.
Belonging to the temple and face.
TempoRO-FACIAL Nkuve, Nerviis temporo-faci-
n'lin. A branch of the facial nerve distributed
to the face and temple.
T K M P 0 R 0-MA KILL AIR E, Temporo-
niaxillary, sec Temporal muscle.
TEMPORO-MAX'ILLARY, Tem'poro-mniril.
In'rii), (F.) Temporo-miixilliure. That which be-
longs to the temporal bone and lower jaw.
TKMPOiio-MAXiLi.AnY Articitlatiox or joint
of the lower jaw, is seated between the glenoid
cavity and transverse process of the temporal
bone on the one hand, and the condyle of the
lower jaw on the other. Two thin cartilages
cover the surfaces of these bones. The one is
common to the transverse process, and the por-
tion of tho glenoid cavity anterior to the fissure
of Glaser; the other belongs to the condyle.
This articulation is furnished with an inter-arti-
cular fihro-cartilage, two synovial capsules, and
two lateral ligaments: — the one internal, and
the other external.
Tkmporo-maxii.lary Nerves of Bichat are
the divisions of the facial nerve, distributed to
the temporal and maxillary regions.
TEMPUS, Temple— t.Intercalare, Apyrexia,
Intermission.
TEM'ULENCE, Ebr!'etas. Ebnna'itas, Methyn'.
mint, Meth'iiiis, Temii/eii'tia, Tem'nlencji, Inehrta'-
tinn, futn.ricii'tio)!, Driiiik'eiiJifKa : — from wine,
(Eiioph/i/i/"ia, (Enophli/.r'ia, Vinolen'lin, Vi'uo-
leiipc, (F.) fvrcuse ; from lemetiim, ixtSv, 'wine, any
intoxicating drink.' Plater gave this name to
delirium ; Ettmuller, to an apoplectic condition,
depending upon drunkenness; the Apop/e.r'ia
Temtihn'ta or dead drunkenness. Commonly,
Te.mulentia is used synonymously with drunken-
ness, MctJie ; and is often employed in the de-
scription of diseases to indicate a state resembling
drunkenness. Mania e Temiilentid is the same
as Delirium Tremens. The French use the term
Irre-ise for drunkenness, Ivrognerie for habitual
drunkenness.
TEMULENTIA. Temulence.
TENACULA, Bone-nippers — t. Volsella, For-
ceps (lithcitomyl.
TENACULUM, (fenax.tenacia, 'holding fast,')
from teneo, ' I hold.' A kind of fine hook
attached to a handle which is thrust through the
parictes of a blood-vessel to draw it out and
enable it to be tied.
Tknaoi'Mtm, Assalini s. An ingenious instru-
ment invented by Assalini. It consists of a for-
ceps, or double tenaculum, the points of which
are fine, sharp, and bifurcated, so as to be readily
received into each other when the instrument is
closed on the artery, which it is by a spring. It
is of great use when the surgeon has no assistant
at hand. The instrument is figured in S. Cooper's
" First Lines."
TEXA/LLE INCISIVE, Bone-nippers.
TEX ASM US, Tenesmus.
TENDINES C0HUNARIJ5, Coronary tendons.
TEN'DINOUS, Tendino'sni, Tei,di),'eii>:,
Sin'eiri/, (F.) Tendineux, from tendo, tendiuix. 'a
tendon.' Relating or appertaining to, or having
the nature of tendons.
TENDO, Tendon — t. Cordis venosus, Circulus
callosus Halleri.
TENDON, Tendo, Pronerva'tio, Tenon, from
Tcivo), tendo, ' I stretch.' Sinetc, Thew, Leader,
(Prov.) (luider. A fibrous cord, more or less
round, long, or flattened ; of a white, pearl colour,
and composed of very close parallel fibres. The
tendons are attached to the bones, by one ex-
tremity; by the other, they receive the insertions
of the fleshy fibres : sometimes they afford attach-
ment to fleshy fibres at both ends; — as in the
digastric muscle. The tendons must be con-
sidered as so many cords, for transmitting the
motion of muscles to the bones or levers.
TENDON D'ACHILLE, Achillis tendo.
Tendon, Cordifoi'.m, of the Diaphragm, Cen-
ter, phrenic.
TENDONS, TWITCHING OF THE, Sub-
sultus tcndinum.
TENEOTOMIA, Tenotomy.
TENESME, Tenesmus — ^ de VCEsophage,
ffisophagisnuis — (. Venical, Bradysuria.
TENES'MUS, Teines'mos, Tenaa'mus, from
Tetvu), ' I stretch.' Proc'tica seu Ohntipa'tio
TeneHmna, Proctoapas'ntna, Tinag'mua, (F.) Te-
neame, Epreintea. Frequent, vain and painful
desires to go to stool; — one of the chief symp-
toms of inflammation of the lining membrane of
the digestive tube, as of dysentery.
Tenesmus Vesica, Bradysuria — t. Vesicis
mucosus. Cystirrhooa.
TENETTES, Forceps (craniotomy).
TENIA, Tajnia.
TENNESSEE', MINERAL WATERS OF.
On the waters of the French Broad River, in this
State, is a large, clear, thermal spring. The heat
is so great that, on first going into the water, it
is almost insupportable.
TENON, Tendon.
TENONT'AGRA, from rtvwv, revovros, 'ten-
don,' and aypa, ' seizure.' A variety of gout,
which affects the tendinous parts of muscles, or
the tendinous ligaments which strengthen certain
articulations.
TENONTOTOMIA, Tenotomy.
TENONTOTRO'TL from tcvwv, tcvovto?, 'ten-
don,' and TiTpwo-Kw, ' I wound.' They who are
wounded in the tendons. — Galen.
TENOSYNI'TIS, Tenoaynovi'tia [?], {Y.y Te-
noatjnile. An imperfectly formed term, from
Ttvuv, ' a tendon,' ai/n, and itia, denoting inflam-
mation. Inflammation of the synovial sheath of
a tendon.
TENOTOME, Tenot'omua ; same etymon as
the next. An instrument for dividing tendons,
especially by the subcutaneous method.
TENOT'OMY, Tenntom'ia, Teneotom'ia, Tenon-
Mom' in, Sec'tio seu Diaaec'tio ten'dinum, (F.) Te-
notomie, from revuv, 'a tendon.' and rofiv, 'in-
cision.' The operation of dividing a tendon,
often practised for the removal of loxarthrus, or
deviation of the joints — as in club-foot.
TENSEUR DE L'APOXEVROSE FEMO-
RAL E, Fascia lata muscle.
TENSION
904
TERES
TEN'SION, Ten'ai'o, Tensn'm, Tua!s, Dinl'r,.ii»,
Enton'in, [Entoiiiit is, also, used fur over-tension,)
Coiiteii'sio, Dibleii'eio, from tcmlere, tensiini, ' to
ytretcli.' State of a part, whieh is stretclicd,
when its textures are distended by the afflux
of fluiils, or the accumulation of gas; or when
its filires arc drawn, as it were, in an opposite
(liroL-tion, and are, consequently, more resisting
tlian usual.
TENSIVE, Tensi'vxs, Tono'dea, (F.) Tenaif.
Same etymon. Accompanied by tension or by a
fueling of tension — as a ' tensive pain.'
TEXSOll CHOllOIDE.^, Ciliary muscle— t.
Palati, Circumflexus musculus.
Tensoii Taksi. a small muscle, belonging to
the inner commissure of the eyelids, well de-
scribed by Professor Horner, of Philadelphia, and
hence termed Mitucle of Iluruer. It is about
three lines broad and six long; arises from the
posterior flat surface of the os unguis, near its
junction with the ethmoid bone, and passes for-
wards and outwards, lying on the posterior face
of the lachrymal ducts. As it approaches the
commissure of tlie lids, it splits into two nearly
equal parts, each of which is appropriated to a
duct, and inserted along its course, almost to the
punctum lacrymale. Its chief office seems to be,
to influence the position of the punctum lacrymale,
and to regulate the course of the tears through
the laciirymal ducts.
Tknsou Tvm'pani, Inter' iiiis. Ann's, Internus
Mal'lei, (F.) SSulpiiiijo-^nalleen. A small muscle,
which arises from the petrous portion of the tem-
poral bone, and the cartilage of the Eustachian
tube, and terminates by a tendon, which is re-
flected over the processus cochleaformis, and is
inserted into the apophysis of the handle of the
malleus.
Tknsor Vaginae Femouis, Fascia lata muscle.
TKNSURA, Tension.
TENSUS, Penis.
TEXT, Tenia, Tnrun'dn, and its diminutive,
Tnrun'dnia, Penic'tdna, PeuiciVlna, PenicU'him,
J/otoa, Lemtiis'ciia, Liciu'ium, (F.) Tente, 3Ieche,
from tcndere, tenaum or tentum, 'to stretch.' In
surgery, tents are small rolls of lint, of a cylin-
drical or pyramidal shape, which are introduced
into wounds and deep ulcers, to prevent them
from closing before they are filled up from the
liottom. Tents are sometimes, also, made of pre-
))ared sponge, gentian root, &c. They are not so
much used as they formerly were.
TENTACULARIA, Filaria hominis bron-
chialis.
TENTACULUM CEREBELLI, Tentorium.
TENTA'MEN MED'ICUM. 'A medical trial.'
From tfnt((i-e. 'to try.' An examination in medi-
cine, in the Prussian universities, which is con-
ducted both in writing and vivd voce before the
Dean of the Medical Faculty.
TEXTE. Tent — /, dn Ccrveht, Tentorium.
TEXTKiO VENEREA, Nymphomania — t.
Vcrctri. Satyria.«is.
TENTIPEL'LUJM. from tendere, tensnm or
tenlnin. 'to stretch,' and pellia, 'the skin.' Ancient
name of a cosmetic, with which, it was pretended,
writikli's could be effaced.
TENTO'RIUM, T. ccrehel'lo anper-exten'snm,
T. ecrehelli, Tentac' nhim cerehelli, Septnm enceph'-
tili, I)iii])hriiii'm<i cerebri, fnteraep'ta horizontn'-
lia Piiccliiij'niy Proces'sna tranaoer'aiia dnra mn-
trin, Liiterfd Processes of the Dnra Hater, Trans-
verse septnm, (F.) Tente dn cervelet, PUincher du
Cerrean, Septum transrerse (Ch.), from tendere, ten-
snm or tenfnni, ' to stretch.' A process of the dura
luater, which separates the cerebrum from the
cerebellum. It extends from the internal hori-
zontal spine of the occipital bone, directly for-
wards to the sella Turcica of the sphenoid.
Tkntorii'm ('KifF.BELLi, Tentorium.
TENTU.M, Penis.
TENTU'ORT. Asplcniuni ruta muraria.
TENUIS MATER, Pia mater.
TENUITAS AQUOSA, Pranlominium nqiw.
TEPIIRO'SIA APOLLINE'A, (/.,/,',/" ^h'"'-
line'd of Egypt and Nubia. Order, EeguminosK.
The leaves are often found mixed with senna.
TKPIlliOSIA P(;nPI!'lti:A, Oalc'ya pnrpn'rcit of
the coast of Coromandcl. The root is bitter, and
a decoction of it is prescribed by the native doc-
tors in d3'spcpsia, licntery, and tympanites.
Tephkosia Si;n.\a. The leaves are used for
senna by the people of Popayan.
TepiihOSIA ToXK'A'rIA, O'lde'ija toxica'ria of
Cayenne. The leaves arc used for poisoning
fish. It has been suggested as a substitute for
digitalis.
Tkpiii:osia A^ihoiniana, Galega Virginiana,
TEPIDARIUM, see Stove.
TEPLITZ. Tiiplitz.
TERAS, Monster.
TERATOCENY, Teratnr,en'ia, from rtpaj,
TtpoTOf, 'a monster,' and ytvtaii, 'generation.'
The formation of monsters.
TERATOL'OGY, Teratohxf'ia, from rtpat,
TipaToi, 'a monster,' and Xoyoj, 'a discourse.' A
treatise on monsters.
TERATOSIS, see Monster.
TERCERON, see Mulatto — t. Black, see Mu-
latto.
TEREBELLA, Trepan.
TEREBELLUM. A name given by DugSs to
a perforator, Perce crane, of his invention.
TEPEBENTHINE, Terebinthina— /. de Par-
deanx, see Pinus sj'lvestris — t. de C/iio, see Pis-
tacia terebinthus — t. de Copalui, Copaiha — t.
Commune, see Pinus sylvestris — t. d'Er/i/pte, see
Amyris opobalsamum — t. dc Giliad, see Auiyris
opobalsamum — t. dn Grand Caire, see Amyris
opobalsamum — f. de Jndee, see Amyris opobal-
samum — t. de Melize, see Pinus larix.
TEREBENTHINE, Terebinthinate.
TEREBIN'THINA, from rcg^nv^oi, or rr/jf/Jiv-
Sof. 'the turpentine tree.' Tur'pentine, liotin,
Alhotim, Allilihat, Brntino, (F.) Tert'benthine. A
substance, of the consistence of honey, which
flows from many trees of the terebitubaceae and
coniferas families. It is viscid; shining; more
or less transparent; inflammable; of a warm,
pungent taste; strong smell; and is entirely
composed of resin and essential oil, without ben-
zoic acid. It is soluble in alcohol. See Turpen-
tine, Pinus palustris and Pinus sylvestris. All
the turpentines are stimulant, diuretic, and ca-
thartic.
TisiiKBiNTiTiNA Ahgentoratensis, sce Pinus
picea — t. Balsamea, see Pinus balsamea — t. Ca-
nadensis, see Pinus balsamea — t. Chia, see Pis-
tacia terebinthus — t. Communis, see Pinus syl-
vestris— t. Cypria, see Pistacia terebinthus — t.
Empyreumatica, see Pinus sylvestris- — t. Larici-
na. see Pinus larix — t. Veneta, see Pinus larix —
t. Vera, see Pistacia terebinthus — t. Vulgaris, seo
Pinus sylvestris — t. de Venise, see Pinus larix.
TEREBIN'TIIINATE, Terehinthina'tus, (F.)
Tereii' nthinf. Having the qualities of turpentine.
TEREBINTHUS, Terminthus— t. Gummifera,
Bursera gummifera — t. Lentiseus, Pistacia len-
tiscus — t. Vulgaris, Pistacia terebinthus.
TEREBRA, Trepan.
TEREBRATIO. Trepanning.
TEREDO OSSIUM, Caries. Spina vcntosa.
TERES, Stron'y)/lns, Ci/lindroi'des 'long and
round,' from lero, ' to Tuh,' quaai 'rubbed smooth
or round.' An epithet given to many organs, the
fibres of which are collected into round fasciculi.
Teres LiG.i|ME.\''TUM, (F.) Ligament rund.
TERESIS
905
TESTICLE
This name is given to the round lignment in the
cotyloid cavity of the os innominatuiu, which
is iittiiclied to the head of the bone, and to the
bottom of tlie cavity. It is, also, given to a
giniill fibrous fascia, vphich extends from the co-
ronoid process of the ulna to below the bicipital
tubercle of the radius.
Turks Ma-jou, (F.) AnrjuU-ncapido-hitmcral,
Sciijiiilo-linmSnil (C'b.), Grand roiid, is situate at
the inferior and posterior part of the shoulder.
It is attached, on the one hand, to the outer sur-
face of the scapula; to the eorrecponding part of
its axillary margin ; and, on the other, to the
posterior niargin of the bicipital groove of the
humerus. It carries tlie arm backwards and
inwards, and carries it, also, inwards in rotation.
When it acts with the longissimus dorsi and pec-
toralis major, it applies the arm against the late-
ral part of the chest, and keeps it forcibly there.
Teuk.s Minor, Nonii8 Jni'meri Fluceuti'ni, (F.)
Le pill" petit 8ii8-scapiilo-trochlten'en (Ch.), Petit
road, 3f(ir(/iiii-8iis-si;apulo-trochitSrieii, is situ-
ate at the posterior and inferior part of the
shoulder ; it is narrow and flattened, from above
to below, in its inner half; and, from before to
behind, in the outer. It is attached, on the one
part, to the outer surface of the scapula, near its
inferior angle ; and, on the other, to the inferior
part of the great tuberosity of the humerus. It
depresses the arm, and causes it to turn on its
axis from within outwards. It also carries it
backwards.
TERESIS, Observation.
TKRETRIUM, Trepan.
TERETRON, Trepan.
TER(JAL, Dorsal.
TER(JKiMINI, Trigemini.
TElUiUM, Dorsum, Vertebral column.
TERMINALIA, see Myrobiilanus.
TERMINOLOGY, Nomenclature.
TERMIN'TIIUS, Terebiii'llnw, from TCiiAivSos,
'the turpentine tree.' PInjm<i Anthrax, Termin-
thiiH, Kerry or Fungous (■iirl/niide. The ancients
gave this name to a tumour, surmounted by a
black pustule, and rcseuibling the fruit of the
turpentine tree.
Tkkmintiiiis, Pistacia terebinthus.
TERMINUS SUPERIOR ASPERyE ARTE-
UIM. Lnrynx.
TERMONOLOGY, Nomenclature.
TERMS, Menses.
TERRA AESORBENS MINERALIS, Magne-
sia) carbonas — t Aluiiiinis, Argillapura — t. Ama-
raaeratii, MagnesiiU carbonas — t. Amara su!))hu-
ricii, MagnesiiC sulphas — t. Argillacea hydrata,
Argilla pura — t. Argillacea })nra, Argilla pura — t.
Solaris, Argilla pura — t. Foliata, Sulphur — t.
Foliatamineralis, Soda acetata — t. Foliata tartari,
Potassai acetas — t. Forriacuin, see Bricks — t.
Fulhinica. Cimolia ])urpurcscens — t. Japonica,
Catechu, Nauclea gambir.
TKiiitA Lkm'nia, Leinp'ninK, ArgillaholuK flnva,
Lem'nian Earth. A name given by the ancients
to a solid, reddish, astringent, substance, pre-
pared with the pulp of the fruit of the Baobab,
nn African tree, according to Prosper Aljiinus.
It seems, however, to' be an argillaceous earth.
It has been employed as an astringent.
Tkiuia LiV'on'icA. A terra aiijilla'tn or nealed
earth from Livonia, redder than that from Silesia,
and very astringent.
Tkrka Mkkita, Curcuma longa.
Tkiira Noceiiia'.na. A whitish, soft, and as-
tringent earth, found in the environs of Nocera,
in Italy.
Terra Ori.RA'.NA, Pifimen turn umcu, Urucu,
(F ) Hocoii Roiicon, liichel. A pigmental matter
obtained from the seeds oi Ui^a Orlenna scu
Orella'iut scu Amerieu'im, Orella iiu, Urlea na.
In Jamaica, it is recommended in dysentery, and
is considered to possess astringent and stomachic
qualities. It is called, according to its shape,
Fld'l, Roll, or Eijij Annotto.
Spaninli A)iiii/tto, BIjca, is in small, oblong
cakes. It is chiefly employed as a colouring
matter.
Terra Os'sea, Mate'ria osnea. Bony matter.
The earthy portion of bones.
Terra Ponderosa, Baryta — t. Ponderosa mu-
riata, Baryta, muriate of — t. Ponderosa salita,
Baryta, ujuriate of — t. Saponaria, Cimolia pur-
purescens.
Terra Portugal'lica, liarros, Bncaros. A
reddish, astringent, styptic earth, obtained from
Portugal.
Terra Sigilla'ta, Sealed Earth. A bole or
earthy matter, made into little cakes or flat
masses, and stamped with certain imj)ressions, as
with the head of the Grand Seignior. To these
belong the Term Silesinca, Terra Lemnia, T.
Tnreiea. See Bole and Bolus alba.
Terra Silesiaca, see Terra sigillata — t. Tal-
cosa oxyanthracodes. Magnesias carbonas — t.
Turcica, see Terra sigillata.
Terra Uri'n^. The earthy deposit in the
urine.
Terra Vitriom Dulcis, Colcothar.
TERR^ SKilLLAT^, see Bole, Bolus alba,
and Terra sigillata.
TERRAPIN, Emys palustris.
TERRE JiOLAIRE, Bolus — /. 3farpiexienne,
Magnesiie carbonas — t. Noix, Bunium bulbocas-
tanum — t. Pesante, Baryta — t. Siijillee, Bolus
alba.
TERRETTE. Glcohoma he<leracea.
TERTIAN FEVER, Fehrls tertia'na, An'etus
tertianim, TritcB' lis. Tertian or Third Day Ague,
Third Day Fecer, (F.) Fievre tierce, from tertius,
• the third.' An intermittent, whose jiaroxysras
recur everj' third day, or every 48 hours. The
mildest, and the most jiernicioiis, intcrmittents
belong to this iiead. Af a general rule, it is the
most manageable form of ague.
A double tertian, (F.) Double tierce (Fievre),
has a paroxysm everyday, — the paroxysms of
alternate days being associated.
TERTIANARIA, Scutellaria galericulata.
TESSA R A. Cuboid.
TESSELLA. Tabella.
TEST, DANIEL'S, see Docitnasia pulmonum
— t. Hydrostatic, see Docimasia jiulmonum — t.
Plou.equet's, see Docimasia pulmonum — t. Static,
see Docimasia pulmonum.
TESTA, ('a shell,') see Ostrea — t. Ovi, see
Membrana putaminis.
Testa PrtEPAra'ta, Prepared Oyster-shell.
Oyster-shell, freed from extraneous matter,washed
with boiling water, reduced to powder, and pre-
pared in the same manner as Creta praeparata.
TESTA'CEOUS, Testa'ceus, (F.) Testace, from
testa, 'a shell.' A powder, consisting of burnt
shells. These contain carbonate of lime chiefly,
and hence the term has been applied to creta-
ceous substances. See Creta.
TESTiE FOENACE^, Bricks— t. Ostrea;, see
Ostrea.
TESTES. The Testicles, see Testicle. Vulgar-
ly, the Stones. A name, also, given to the infe-
rior tubercles of the corpora quadrigemina, to dis-
tinguish them from the superior, called Nates.
Testes Cerebri, see Quadrigemina corpora.
TES'TICLE, Testis, T. viri'lis, Testic'ulua,
Orchis, Poinum amo'ris, Did'ynius, Her'nia, Gem'-
ini (pi.), Gemelli (pi.). Ovum, (F.) Testieide, from
testis, ' a witness ;' because the testicles are evi-
dences of virility. The name of two glandular
organs, contained in the scrotum, whose office is
to secrete sperm. The substance uf the testicle
TESTICONDUS
9 0 0
TEUCRIUM CRETICUM
conpis^ts of numerous conical, flattonoJ lobules —
loh'ttli teatiis — whose bases are directed towards
tlie surface of the organ, and the apices towards
the corpus Ilighinorianum. They are formed of
a gray and softish substance, composed of tor-
tuous canals, called Tu'biili scu Caiialic'iili eemi-
iiif'eri seu semina'len, Vuna seiiiiiia'lia, Vus'cula
mrpenti'na, folded on each other, and of extreme
fineness ; the number of which, according to the
estimate of Monro, is 62,500, and the total length
i),208 feet. All these canals, uniting in their
course, pass through the corpus Highuiorianum,
concur in forming the epididymis, and give origin
to the vas deferens. The testicles are covered,
immediately, by a fihrous membrane, of an opake
white colour, and very tough, called Tu'niea Al-
hiKjin'ea, or, simply, AlhiKjiii'ea, Pen'tes'tis, (F.)
Perididi/me, of which the corpu.s Highmorianum
is only an enlargement. Over this, again, is the
tunica vaginalis, the second envelope of the
testis.
Tksticle, SwRLLF.n, Hernia humoralis.
TESTICONDUS, Crypsorchis.
TESTICULAR, Testiciila'nn, (F ) Testlciilaire.
Belonging or relating to the testicle.
TESTICULE, Testicle.
TESTICULUS, Testicle — t. Accessorius, Epi-
didymis— t. Caninus, Orchis mascnla.
TESTIMO'xMUxM MATURITA'TIS. 'Evi-
dence of fitness.' A certificate of complete edu-
cation, required, in the Prussiiin universities, of
a candidate, before he can be admitted to exami-
nation for the degree of Doctor of Medicine.
TESTIS FEMINEUS, Ovary — t. Irritable,
Orchidalgia — t. Minor, Prostate — t. Muliebris,
Ovary — t. Virilis, Testicle.
TBSTUDINATIO CRANII, Camarosis.
TESTU'DO, ClieJo'ui, (F.) Toitne. A genus
of reptiles, including the turtle, the flesh of which
is much esteemed as an article of diet.
Also, an encysted tumour, which has been sup-
posed to resemble the shell of a turtle; Eiiq^hy'-
iiia oiri/s'ti'g (jfnirj'lldn. See Talpa.
Tkstudo Cerbbri, Fornix — t. Scapulae, see
Scapula.
TET, Nipple.
TET'ANIC, Tetnn'icvm, Spni'ticiim, Cimvnlai'-
rinii, C'oiiv Ill's iff, (F.) Tetiiiiiqiic, from rtivw, ' I
Stretch.' A remedy, which acts on the nerves,
and, through them, on the muscles, occasioning,
in large doses, convulsions. The chief agents of
this class are Niix Vmiiicu, Strychnia, Brucia,
Arnica, and Ti>.fici>dendron.
Also, an epithet for a tonic convulsion.
TETANIXE, Strychnia.
TETANOMATA, Tetanothra.
TETANO'THRA, Teianom'nta, Enigato'ria,
from TiTavus, 'free from wrinkles.' Medicines
which remove wrinkles. — Gorrajus.
TETANOS, Tetanus.
TET'ANUS, from tmw, 'I stretch.' Spasm
with rir/iditii, Cuiiviil'sio In'dira, Holoton'ia, Ho-
lotoii' iciia, Holntet'anuH, Tet'aiins iiiiiversa'lis, Ri-
gor iiervo'Han seu uervu'rum, E.iteii'iiio seu Dis-
feii'sio, Entn'siri tetanus, Cat'ochiis cervi'nus seu
holoton'iciis, (F.) TetaiioK, Mai de cerf. A dis-
ease which consists in a permanent contraction
of all the muscles or merely of some, without
alternations of relaxati<in. It is characterized by
closure of the jaws; difficulty or impracticability
of deglutition; rigidity and iuimobility of the
limbs and trunk, which is sometimes curved for-
wards (Empriisthot'otios), sometimes backwards
[Opixthit'iiiioH). and sometimes to one siile (Pleu-
rothot'iiiKii). When tetanus is confined to the
muscles of the jaws, it is called Trixmus. It is
a most formidable affection. The means of treat-
ment are. — copious and repeated blood-letting;
bathing, cold and w.iriu ; powerful doses of opium,
and other narcotics. In Traumat'ic Ti'laitiis, or
that which supervenes on a wound, every extra-
neous matter must, of course, be removed from
the wound, and soothing apjilications be uiailo
to it.
Tetanus Anticus, Emprosthotonos — t. Dolo-
rificus. Cramp — t. Dorsalis, Opisthotonos — t.
Lateralis, Pleurothotonos — t. Maxillic inl'erioris,
Trismus — t. Posterganeus. Opisthotonos — t.
Posticus, Opisthotonos — t. Universalis, see Te-
tanus.
TETART^JIS. Quartan.
TETARTOPIII'A, from Tiraprog, 'the fourth.'
and tjivui, 'I arise.' Quarta'inis remit' ii-us. A
quartan, in which the intermission is inordinately
short or imperfect.
TUTE, Caput, Head — t. de Vcau, Eleplinnti-
asis of the Greeks.
TETRADRACH'MON, from rtrpns, 'four,' and
?ipaXti>t, 'a drachm.' A weight of four drachms
or lialf an ounce.
TETRAGONUS, Platysma myoides.
TET R A HIT LONGIFLORUM, Galcopsis
grandiflora.
TETRAMY'RON, from Ttr/xif, ' four,' and ^«-
pov, 'an ointment.' An ointment of four ingre-
dients..— Galen.
TETRANGURTA, Cucurbita citrullus.
TETRANTHERA PICHURIM, Pichurim
beans.
TETRA'O COTUR'NIX, Cotumi.r, the Qnnd,
(F.) Caille; Class, Aves ; Ord. Gallinaccix;. The
quail is an esteemed article of diet. The Greek
name is oprvl, oprvyos ; and the places, called
Orty(jia, are named after it. The excrements of
the (|uail were formerly extolled in epilepsy, and
the fat in specks of the eve.
TETRAPHAR'MACUM, from rtrpaj, 'four,'
and (jiiipfiaKov, 'a medicine.' A medicine consist-
ing of four ingredients.
TETRAS'CELUS, from rerpa, 'four,' and tkc-
Aoj, 'leg.' A monster having four legs. — (.iiult.
TETROB'OLON. The weight of four oboli,
or two scruples. — Gorrajus.
TETROROS, Astragalus.
TETTER, Herpes— t. Crusted, Impetigo — t.
Honeycomb, Porrigo favosa — t. Humid. Eczema
impetigo — t. Milky, Porrigo larvalis — t. I'ustu-
lar. Impetigo — t. Running, Impetigo — t. Scaly,
Psoriasis.
TETTERWORT, Chelidonium majus.
TEUCRIUM yEGYPTIACUM, T. capitafum
— t. Belium, T. capitatura.
Teucrium Capita'tum, T. Bel'iitm seu yEr/yp-
ti'acnin, Po'linm Capita'tum, Poley jllniiiilaiii af
ilantpel'lier, Ord. Labiatas, is, generally, substi-
tuted for T. chaniajdrys. The common I'uley
Moinitain is the Teiiciiiim monta'iiuiii ; and the
Golden Poley Mountain, the Teucrium Po'lium,
Po'lian.
Teu'CRIUM CnAMJS'DRYS, T. officina'le, Clia-
incedrys, C. minor repens seu vnlr/a'ris, Qner'cula
minor seu Calamandri'na, Trissa'go, Chanim'-
drops, I'rijca'go, Common, Creeping or Small Oer-
viander, English Treacle, (F.) i'elit cheiie, Chc-
nette, Gennandree. officinale. This is possessed
of aromatic and bitter properties. The dose of
the dried powder is from ^ss to ^j-
Teucrium CiiAMyt;i''iTvs, Chamapitys, Arthr-t'-
ica, Arthretica, Ajit'ga, A, seu Jiii'giila Chamai'-
pitys, Abiga, ClianiiEinn'riis, Iva <irihrit'ica, //«-
loc'yrnn, lo'nitt, Sideri'tis, Common Gronndpine,
(F.) Petite Ivetle. Properties like the last. The
tops and leaves have been recommended as ape-
rients and tonics : especially in female obstruc-
tions, and in paralytic disorders.
Teucrium Cret'icum, T. hyssopi/o'linm seu
fj liosmuriuifo'liuni, Ilosmari'nua atoe'chudis facie,
TEXTUM INTERLOBULARE 007
TIIEBESIUS, VEINS OF
Poley-wouutnm of Cnnd;/, Po'lhtm Cret'icum.
The tops and whole herb enter into the old com-
pounds, Mithiiddte and Theiinv<t. It has a mo-
derately aromatic smell ; and a nauseous, bitter
taste, and is placed among the aperients and cor-
roborants.
Ti-n'cuniM Flavum has similar properties to
T. chamueilrys.
Tmu'iiiiiM IIyssopifoi,ium, T. Cretieurn.
Tkucuium Iva, C'/iaiiia'pili/K mnsclin'td, Ivri, I.
moachn'tii j)f<iuiipelleii'niiiii>, Chiiw<fpityii aiithy!.'-
lu>, French Gronndphie, (F.) Icette nntuqiiee. It
has similar virtues to T. Chamaepitys, but is
weaker.
Tkucrhtm Maritimum, T. Marum.
TKUcniUM Mariim, T. m<irit'im\im, Mnruni Sy-
ri'aciim seu Cret'icum seu venim seu Cortu'si, Ma-
jiird'iia Syy'idca, Cliiim<p,'ilyyK inca'nci marit' ima
seu iiianiiii, Or!ij'<niiun Si/ridciiiii, j)I<iriim ger-
viniidcr, Syrian herb mantlih, Cat thyme, (F.)
Jifarum ou Germandree maritime, Herhe aiix chats.
A very aromatic plant, of a camphorated smell;
fiirmerly much used in medicine as a tonic, anti-
spasmodic, einmenagorruc, Ac.
Teuciuum Officinal!;, T. chamscdrys — t. Pa-
lustre, T. scordiuin — t. Pyramidale, Ajuga — t.
Kosmarinifolium, T. Crcticum.
TKrORIUM Scou'dhim, 7'. pahoi'tre, Seordium,
Trlnsa'yo pahin'trln, CliamcBdryu pahistris seu
senr'dinm, Al'llum red'aleim. Water Germander,
(F.) GermandrSc ncoradotie, Sauge dea bois, Ger-
mandrie aqnatique. The leaves have a garlicky
smell, and bitterish, slightly pungent taste. It
has the tonic properties of the other Tcucria.
TEXTUM INTERLOBULARE, Interlobular
tissue.
TEXTURA, Texture— t. Organica, Ilistos.
TEX'TURAL. Same etymon as Texture.
Relating or appertaining to a texture.
TEXTURE, Te.rtn'ra, Textus, from texere, tex-
tiim, 'to weave.' 7\'la, Hypha, Hyphe. The par-
ticular arrangement of the tissues that constitute
an organ.
TEXTUS, Texture, Tissue— t. Cellulosus, Cel-
lular tissue — t. Desmosus, Desmoid tissue — t.
Erectilis, Erectile texture — t. Nervorum, Plexus
nervorum — t. Organicus, Cellular tissue — t. Pa-
pillaris, Corpus papillare — t. Parcnchymalis, Cel-
lular tissue.
THiERIA, Radzyge.
THAL'AMUS, ^aUiio^, (F.) Conehe. 'A room
or chamber; a bed.' The place at which a nerve
originates, or has been considered to originate.
Thal'ami Nf.rvo'ru.m Optk'o'im;m seu Op'-
TICI, Emiiieu'ticB magna! eer'ebri. Ganglia cerebri
poati'ca, Crura mednl'IcB oblonija'la; (of some).
Stria' ta cor'pora super' na pofifcrin'ra, Cof/ic'iili
iiervo'rnm opticii'rnm. Optic thal'ami. Posterior
cer'ebral gan'glion, (F.) Coiichei des ner/s ocu-
Inirea (Ch.), C. des verfs optiqiies, C. optiques.
Two rounded and irregular surfaces, which are
seen exposed in the lateral ventricles of the brain,
and in the third ventricle, the inferior surface of
which presents two projections, called Corpora
genieuta'ta, that furnish several filaments to the
optic nerves. The name was given from a belief
that the optic nerves originate from them. They.
however, arise more posteriorly, and adhere merely
to the inner margin of those bodies. Gall consi-
ders, that the thalami net as ganglions to the
nerves: and, hence, he calls them Grand ganglion
cfrfbral inferieur. They are. also, called Poste-
rior qangliou of the ccrebrnm. From the thalami
and corpora striata fibres proceed upwards to con-
stitute the convolutions of the brain, and the
various bands that connect the different parts of
the brain together. The upi-er and inner parts
of the thalami are so closely connectod as to form
one continued surface, called Cvmmiasu'ra mollis.
The posterior parts turn downwards and out-
wards ; after which they are elongated to form
the two white cords, termed Tractus op'tiei.
Thalami'S Rkoalis, Pericardium.
THALIC'TRON, AiA<,(r/7ov, Thalictmm, T.
magnum seu flavum seu Jlares'cens seu praten'se
seu ni'gricans seu rugo'suin seu raginn'ttim, Rha-
bar'barnm jiau'perntn, Meadon--rue, Poor Man's
llhubnrb, (F.) Pigamon jaunutre. Hue des pres,
Fausse-Rliabarbe, Rhabarbe des paurres. Ord,
Raiiuneulacese. Sex. Syst. Polyandria Polygynia.
The root resembles rhubarb in its properties.
THALIC'TRUxM AXEMOXOI'DES, 3feadow
Rue, Rue-leaved Anem'ony ; an indigenous plant,
flowering in April and May.
THAMARINDUS, Tamarindus.
TIIAME. Pollex.
TIIANASIMUS, Mortal.
TIIANATODES, Mortal.
TIIAN'ATOID, ThanatoVdes; from eavaro^,
'death,' and £1^05, 'resemblance.' Resembling
death. Apparently dead.
TIIANATOL'OGY, Thanatolog"ia, Thnescn-
log''ia, from Qavaroi, 'death,' and Xoyoj, 'a dis-
course.' A description, or the doctrine, of death.
TIIANATOS, Death.
TIIAP'SIA, from the island Thnpsus. The
deadly carrot, thapsia oscle'pias. Family, Vm-
belliferae. iSex. Syst. Pcntaiidria Digynia. The
root operates violently, both upwards and down-
wards. It is not used.
THAPSUS BARBATUS, Verbascum nigrum,
THARSI, see Tarsus.
THASPIUM ACTiEIFOLIUM, Ligustieum
actaeifolium.
Thasi'itm Atropurpu'reum, Th. corda'tvm.
Round heart. Ocrfcr, Umbelliferae. The flowers,
which appear in June, are of a dark purple.
Thas'pium Bakbh^o'de, Ifeadow Parsnip. An
indigenous plant, of the Northern and Western
States, which flowers in June. Flowers, yellow.
Both plants have been esteemed vulnerary,
antisyphilitic, and diaphoretic; and as antidotes
to the bite of a rattlesnake.
Thaspium CoRDATUif, Til. atropurpurcuui.
THE, Thigh.
THE, Thea — t. des Apalaehes, Ilex vomitoria
— t. du Canada, Gaulfheria — t. Compose, Species
— t. d' Europe, Salvia veronica — t. de France, Sal-
via— t. de Jersey, Celastrus — t. de la Mer du Snd,
Ilex vom\loT\a.—i. du Jfexique, Chenopodium am-
brosioides — t. de Simon Pauli, Myrica gale — t.
Suisse, Falltranck.
THEA, Chaa, Tea, (F.) The. There are two
principal species of tea-plant; the Thea Bohe'a,
and Thea rir'idis ; the black tea, and the green.
Ord. Camelliea;. Sex. Syst. Polyandria Mono-
gynia. In commerce, many kinds of tea are met
with. Several of the diflFerences between these
appear to result from the age at which the leaves
have been collected, and the mode of their desic-
cation.
Tea-drinking was introduced into Europe about
the year 1666; since which time its use has become
almost universal ; and, in spite of the assertions of
medical terrorists, it is, except in particular idio-
syncraeies, entirely harmless.
By an analogical transference, very common
in language, the word Ten has been used almost
synonymously with infusion, as Beef tea, Mint
tea, itc.
TiiKA Gkrmanica, Veronica.
THEBE'SIUS, VEINS OF. A name given to
supposititious branches of the coronary veins,
which Christopher Adam Thebesius, a (Jerman
anatomist, described as opening into the heart
by small depressions observable in the right
; auricle; and which have been calkd /'(/joHi'iiia
TIIECA
908
TIIERIACA
Thcle'sH. No such veins can be Joinonstratod.
The valve, at the orifice of the coronary vein,
in the right ventricle, is called Valvtda Thehe'sii,
V. Giiiffdrtia'iia, V. veitcB iiukjiicb,
THliCA, Case, Vagina, Sheath — t. Cerebri,
Cranium — t. Cordis, Pericardium — t. Folliculi,
see Funiculi Graafian! — t. Vertebralis, see Verte-
brnl canal.
TIIECI'TIS, from tJiecn, and itis, denoting in-
flammation. A term, of hybrid formation, signify-
ing inflammation of the sheaths of tendons.
TIIKIN. see Cofifea Arabica.
THEION, Sulphur.
THEIOPEG^, Waters, mineral (sulphureous.)
THEIOTHERMiE, Waters, mineral, sulphu-
reous.
THELASIS, Lactation.
THELASMUS, Lactation.
TIIELASTRIA, Nurse.
THELE, Nipple.
THELI'TIS, (F.) Thelite; from OnM, 'the
female nipple,' 'the female breast,' and itis, de-
noting inflammation. Inflammation of the nipple.
TIIELON'CUS, Mastoncus.
THELORRnAG"IA, from Sn^n, 'nipple,' and
payrj, ' a rupture.' Hemorrhage from the nipple.
TIIELOS, Mamma.
TIIELYGON'IA, from ^n^og. 'pertaining to
the female se.x,' and yovn, 'generation.' The part
taken by the female in the act of generation.
Also, nymphomania.
THELYGONUM, Sperm (of the female.)
THELYPTERIS, Pteris aquilina.
THENAD, Thenal.
THENAL, Thenar ; same etymon as tlienai:
Relating or appertaining to the thenar.
TiiENAL Aspect. An aspect towards the side
on which the thenar is situated. — Barclay. The-
vdd is used, adverbially, by the same writer, to
signify ' towards the thcnal aspect.'
THENAR, Scvap, from &evio, ' I strike,' ' I push.'
The palm of the hand, or sole of the foot.
Thenar, Flexor brevis pollicis manus, Palm.
The.vau or Thenal Eji'inence is the projec-
tion at the anterior and outer part of the hand,
formed by the abductor brevis, opponens, and
flexor brevis pollicis.
Thenar or Thenal, Mdscle. Riolan and
Winslow give this name to the fleshy mass,
formed of the abductor brevis, opponens pollicis,
and the interior part of the flexor brevis pollicis.
In the foot, Winslow gives the name Thenal mus-
cle to the abductor and flexor brevis pollicis pedis.
THEOBROMA CACAO, Cacao.
THEOMANIA, Demonomania.
THEOPLEGIA, Apoplexy.
THEOPLEXIA, A.poplexy.
TUEORET'ICAL, Theoret'icus, Theo'ricus,
from 5£u)/<£w, 'I contemplate.' (F.) Theoretique,
7'heoriqiie. That which is confined to theory, or
is connected with it. An epithet also applied to
a sect of physicians, who founded their doctrine
chicfiv on reasoning.
THEORIA, Theory.
THEOIllQUE, Theoretical.
THE'ORY, Theo'ria. (F.) Theorie. Same
etymon. The speculative part of a science. The
connexion established in the mind between a
general fact, or the least possible number of gene-
ral facts, and all the particular facts dependent
thereon : for example, the motions of the heavenly
bodies, and the most important natural pheno-
mena are connected with a single fact, previously
known by observation; viz. that the force of gra-
A'ity acts inversely according to the square of the
distance. This constitutes the theory of univer-
sal gravitation. Thearji must not be confounded
with syxfem. Theory regards nature as it is, and
is a rigid deduction from facts. SjiUm is too
often the creature of the imagination, to which
nature is made to bend.
Theohy of Med'icine, In'etitiiteH of Jh-dicine,
Theoret' ical Jledicine, is that part of the science
which attempts philosophically to account for
the various phenomena that present themselves
during health as well as in disease. It is the
philosophy of Medicine. The Juftitiitca of Medi-
cine are generally considered to comj)risc Phy-
siology and its applications to Pathology, lly.
giene, and Therapeutics. By some they are con-
sidered to include General Pathology and Gcrii-
ral Therapeutics.
THEIOTHERMiE, AVaters, mineral, sulphu-
reous.
THERAPEIA, Curation, Therapeutics.
THE RAPE USIS, Therapeutics.
THERAPEUTA, Therapeutist.
THERAPEUTICE, Therapeutics.
THERAPEU'TICS, Thempeu'tive, Therapeu'-
sia, Theiopeu'sis, Jiitrutech' nice, Therajtei'a,
Tlierupi' a, Curato' ria Ueth' udits, Ulethudtia
Meden'di, Practice of Phynic, (F.) Thirapeu-
tique, Thiiapie, from ^cpa-ntvui, 'I wait upon, I
alleviate, I attend upon the sick.' That part of
medicine, the object of which is the treatment of
disease. With others, the department which
comprises an explanation of the modus operandi
of medicines.
TIIERAPEUTIQ UE, Therapeutics.
THERAPEU'TIST, Therapeu'ta. Same ety-
mon. One who practices therapeutics. A prac-
titioner of medicine. To be a good therapeutist,
a man must be well versed in every department ,
of medicine, and be capable of observing and rea-
soning well. Ho may be a good observer, and
yet a bad reasuner. He cannot practice well un-
less he is both. Hence, the comparatively small
number of good therapeutists.
THERAPIA, Therapeutics.
THEUAPIE, Therapeutics.
THERIA, Radzyge.
, THERIAC, Theriaca — t. of Antipater, Anti-
patri theriaca.
THE'RIACA, ^ripLUKn, The'riac, from Srip, 'a
ferocious or venomous animal.' Treacle, Melua-
ses, (F.) Theriaque. Also, a medicine, believed
to be capable of curing or preventing the efl'ects
of the bite of a venomous animal. In this sense
it is chiefly used by writers. Theriac and The-
riacal have been used adjectively for medicinal.
Theriaca Anduom'achi, Venice Treacle, is an
ancient alexijjhannic electuary; consisting of a
farrago of 61 difierent ingredients, which pos-
sessed the most opposite properties. It was in-
vented by Andromachus of Crete, and prepared
by order of Nero. It has received vari(ms modi-
fications; and, to the discredit of the Faculie de
Medecine of Paris, long held its place in their
Codex, with even an additional number of ingre-
dients. The Electuu' rium Opia'tuta 2ioli/phar'-
macum of the Codex has contained acid ingre-
dients, 5; astringent, 5; bitter, 22; indioenuim
aromatics, 10 ; iimbelli/erona aromatica, 7; balaama
and resinous substances, 8; fetid ingredients, 6;
narcotics, 1 ; earthy substances, 1 ; guuimy or amy-
laceous, 4; saccharine, .3; total, 72! and one of
these the flesh of the viper ! A little more than
a grain of opium is contained in each drachm of
the compound.
Theriaca Articulouum, Colchicum — t. Celes-
tis, Tinctura opii — t. Communis, Alelasses — t.
Edinensis, Confeetio opii.
Theriaca Germano'rum. An extract or rob,
prepared from juniper berries. Used as a sto-
machic.
Theriaca Londinrn'sis, Cataplnsma Cymi'ni.
A gataplasm of cumin seed, buy berries, german-
TII^RIAQUE
909
THORACIC
der, Knnhcroot, cloves, honey, and sometimes opium, ;
or ii/rii/) of })i,]t/,le>i.
TiiKHiACA KiisTicoRL'M, Allium.
Tf[KnfA(Jf/E, Theriiiea.
TllI'/RIAKI. In Turkyy,o/)M(ni-e((/e)-«, or tliey
who indulge largely in the use of opium, are so
called.
TIlERIATUrCA. Veterinary art.
TUKKIODES, Ferine.
TIIIORIO'MA, Thcriiin, from S)7p, 'avenoraous
animal.' Any extremely malignant ulcer. Some-
times confined to ulcers of the lungs.
TlIHiaON. Therioma.
TIIHUIOTOMY, Zootomy.
TIIKH.MA, lloat— t. Kmphytum, Animal heat.
TIIKRM^E, Stp/^ai, Ther'nidtn. Warm baths
or springs. 8ee VVaters (mineral.)
TuKii.M^ Fabaiu/k, Pf'efFers, Mineral Waters
of — t. Piperinas, Pfeffers, Mineral Waters of — t.
Plumbariiu, Plombieres, Mineral Waters of.
THERMAL, Thermu'lis ; from 5f,./"7, 'heat,'
Stfiiioi, 'hot.' Relating or appertain m to heat,
llot, warm. As 'a thermal mineral water.'
THERM ANTICA, Calefacients.
THERM ASM A. Fomentation.
TIIERMATA, Thermae.
THERMOMETER, see Heat.
THERM UM EMPHYTUM, Animal heat, Bio-
lychninm.
THESIS, Ocai(, from ridrini, 'to put.' 'A posi-
tion or proposition.' Difpnla'tio iiiangura'lia, Iii-
atiij'nnd Dimierta'tion. The name usually given
to the essay composed by a candidate for gradua-
tion in medicine, which ho is at times required to
defend publicly. Often, however, it is a mere form,
giving useless labour and trouble to the student,
inasmuch as it is o.xeeuted as a task, and never
afterwards regarded by the preceptor or by others.
Sandifort, Haller, Smellie, and Stoll, have pub-
lished collections of these.
Also, a suffi.x denoting 'arrangement;' hence
DiatliKnii.
THEVE'TIA A'lIOUAr, AJiomti. The kernels
of the nut of this Brazilian tree are said to be a
violent poison. At the Antilles, its nuts are
called Xm'xde Serpent; and they arc used against
the bites of serpents.
THEVV. Tendon.
THEY, Thigh.
THICK-LI.STED, Pursy.
THIUH, Sax. Seoh, Femur, Femen, Cms, 3fe-
rns, Me'riiim, (Sc.) The, They, (F.) Ciiisae. (Of
old, Femur meant the thigh generally, and espe-
cially the outer part; — Femen, the inner). The
part of the lower limb vfhieh extends from the
pelvis to the leg. The thigh is larger at its supe-
rior than inferior part, and has tlie form of an
inverted and truncated cone, slightly depressed
from within outwards. Above, it is bounded, an-
teriorly, by the groin ; externally, by the hip ;
behind, by the fold of the nates ; and within, by
the perineal region. Below, it is bounded, ante-
riorly, by the prominence of the knee ; posteriorly,
by the ham. It is formed of a considerable num-
ber of muscles, blood-vessels, lymphatics, nerves,
Ac. ; and is covered by a strong aponeurosis.
THIOHliONE, Femur— t. Neck of the, Collum
femoris.
TimiRLE WEED, Rudbeckia laciniata.
THTOX. Sulphur.
THIRST, Sax. ttypp':' l^-) Dorst, Sltlx,
Dipsa, I'otio'nin deside' rium, (F.) Soif. A simple
desire or an absolute want for liquids. Physio-
logists are not entirely agreed regarding the seat
of thirst: someplace it in the fauces ; others in
the stomach. Its immediate cause is not known.
It has been attributed to a dry condition of the
nervous papiUiu of the jiharynx. produced by
suppression of the salivary and mucous secre-
tions. This is probably true; but, again, it is
owing to the wants of the system, — a supply of
fluid being required to compensate the numerous
losses that are constantly taking place. Thirst
is an internal neiisation, — an initinctive leant —
arising from organization, and inexplicable. It
is an urgent symptom in many diseases, particu-
larly in those of vascular excitement.
Thirst, Excessive, Polydipsia — ^ t. Morbid,
Dipsosis.
THIRSTY, Dipsodes.
THISTLE, BLESSED^ Centaurea benedicta
— t. Cotton, Onopordium acanthiuni — t. Globe,
Echinops — t. Holy, Centaurea benedicta — t. La-
dies', Carduus Marianas — t. Milk, common, Car-
duus Marianus — t. Pine, Atractylus gummifera
— t. Sow, Sonchus oleraceus — t. Star, Centaurea
calcitrapa — t. Y'ellow, Argemone Mexicaua.
THLADIAS, Eunuch.
THLASIAS, Eunuch.
TH LA SIS, Contusion — t.Depressio, Depression.
THLASMA, Contusion — t. Concussio, Concus-
sion — t. Stremma, Sprain.
THLASPI, /'enntjcre.fs. Ord. Crucifera. Ser.
Syst. Tetradynamia Siliculosa. Two species of
thlaspi are directed, in some pharmacopoeias,
for medical use: — Thlaspi arven'se or Treac/e
mustard, and Thlaspi campes'tre sen hirsu'tuni
seu vulgn'tins, Lepid'iuni campes'tre, Lep'ia seu
lie' rig campes'tris, Jfilh'ridnte mustard. Tho
))harmaceutical properties of both kinds resemble
those of common mustard.
TlILASPI Bursa, J'h. bursa'tum, Thlaspi seu
C<tjisell'a seu Ibe'ris seu Nastur'tium seu liod-
schicd'ia bursa pnsto'ris, liursa pasto'ris, Shep-
herd's purse, Cocowort, St. James's icort. Poor
man's I'armacity, (F.) Flcurdc St. Jacques, liourse
d berijer on d pasteur, Tabouret. A common Eu-
ropean plant, introduced into this cnunlry. It
is slightly astringent, but is little used.
Tiii,Asri Bdrsatum, Tlilasi)i bursa — tli. Nn-
sturliuiii, Lci)idium sativum — th. Sativum, Lepi-
diittn sativiuii.
TIILIBIAS, Eunuch.
TJIL1PSENCEPIL\LIA, Derencephalia.
THLIl'SENCEPH'ALUS, from eXu^ij, -com-
pression,' and cyKc4>a\ni. 'the cneepl)alon.' A
monster in whom the skull is open, not merely in
the frontal and parietal, but also in the occipital
regions — a distinct fontanelle not existing.
THLIP'SIS, 5A(4,/{, Compres'sio. Compres-
sion, and especially constriction of vessels \>y an
external cause. Oppression.
THNESCOLOGIA, Thanatology.
TIIOLUS, Aehicolum — t. Diocleus, Scapha.
THO.MPSO'NIAN. One who practises or be-
lieves in Thonipsonianism.
THOMPSONIANISM, Thomp'sonism. A fan-
ciful doctrine, of which a person of the name of
Thompson, of New York, is the founder. One
of its leading principles is, that the human body
is comiiosed of four elements [?], earth, air, fire
and water: and one of its apothegms, — that
metals and minerals are in the earth, and, being
extracted froTn the depths of the earth, have a
tendency to carry all down into the earth who
use them ; that the tendency of all vegetables is
to spring up from the earth, and therefore to up-
hold mankind from the grave.
The Thompsonians are Botanical Doctors. See
Herb doctor.
THORACENTESIS, Thoracocentesis.
THORACHIQUE, Thoracic.
THORACIC, 7'/;f);oc"ici(«,from thora.x, thora-
cis, 'the chest;' (F.) Thoracique ou Thorachique.
That which relates or belongs to the chest; as
Thoracic vis'cera, &c.
Thoracic Inferior Artert, Arte'ria Tlio-
rac"ica Exter'na Infc'rior seu Longa seu mam-
TIIORACICA
910
THROMBUS
mn'ria e.r^crna seu Thoracicn {ii/erior, (F.) Detix-
ieme des Thoraciquen (Ch.), arises from the axil-
larj-, a little below the preceding, and descends
vertically over the latter part of the thorax, and
the serratus major anticus. It afterwards bends
inwards; becomes subcutaneous, and divides into
several branches, which embrace the breast. It
gives numerous ramifications to the pectoralis
major, serratus anticus, intercostals, ganglions of
the axilla, mamma, &c.
Thoracic Superiou Artery, Arte'ria Thora-
cicn Exter'na Siipen'nv, (F.) Attere ihoracique sti-
jierieure, Premiere des Thoraeiques (Ch.), arises
from the axillary artery or from the acromial ;
and descends forwards between the Pectoralis
major and P. minor, to which it distributes itself
by a great number of branches. In some sub-
jects, there are two or three Arterice thoraciccR
exteriicB siiperiores.
Thoracic Duct, Ductus thorac"ic»s sen fhora-
cicns poste'rior seu vertebra'lis seu chy'lifer seu
chyli seu lac'teus seu ro'rifer seu Pccqneti seu
Pccquetia'iius, Veva alba thora'cis, Alvetts ampiil-
les'cens, Distributo'ria lactea thoracica, Galnx'ia,
JJiict of Pecquet, AUinen'tary Duct, (F.) Cnnal ou
Conduit Thoracique, is the duct in which the
lymphatics of the lower limbs, abdomen, left su-
]ierior extremity, left side of the head, neck, and
thorax terminate. It begins at the receptaculunt
chyli, which is formed by the union of five or six
large lymphatic trunks, — themselves formed from
the union of all the absorbent plexuses of the
abdomen. The duct ascends into the chest
through the pillars of the diaphragm, and by the
side of the aorta and vena azygos. It contracts
in dimension, as far as the 6th dorsal vertebra,
wlien it inclines towards the left hand; ascends
behind the arch of the aorta ; passes behind the
left internal jugular vein, and opens at the poste-
rior part of the subclavian vein of the same side.
Its embouchure is furnished witii two valves,
which prevent the blood from passing from the
vein into the duct.
Thoracic Limbs are the upper limbs ; so called
because they are articulated with the lateral and
upper parts of the chest.
Thoracic, Lo.ng or Inferior, Mammary infe-
_rior external artery.
Thoracic Nerves. The short or anterior tho-
racic nerves are two in number. They arise from
the brachial plexus, and divide into an anterior
and a posterior branch : — the former distributed
to the pectoralis major muscle ; the latter uniting
with a branch of the other to form a loop, from
which numerous branches are given ofi" to the
pectoralis major and p. minor.
The long thorac"ic nerve, Poste'rior thorac"ie.
External res'piratory of Sir Charles Bell, is a long
branch, which arises from the fourth and fifth cer-
vical nerves, immediately after their escape from
the intervertebral foramina, and passes downwards
to be distributed upon the serratus magnus muscle.
Thoracic Regions are the different regions of
the chest. Thus we say, anterior, lateral, and
superior thoracic, &c.
THORACICA, Pectorals.
THORACICS, FIRST OF THE, Mammary
superior external artery.
THORACIQUE, Thoracic.
THORACOCENTE'SIS, Thorucente'sis, Thp-
rncot'omy, from 5u)pn^. ^wpaKo;, 'the chest,' and
Iff iTijffij, ' puncture.' Paraceute'sis thora'cis. Per-
foration of the chest to evacuate contained fluid
■ — as in empyema.
THORACOCYSTIS. Thoracystis.
THORACODID'YMUS, from &o)pa^, ^tapaKOf,
'the chest,' and Si^vnoi, 'a twin.' A monstrosity
in which twins are united by the thorax. — Gurlt.
THORACODYXE, Pleurodynia.
TIIORACO-FACIAL, Platvsma myoides.
TIIOR'ACO-GASTRODID'YMUS, Did'ymut
sym'phyo-thoracogas' trine, Xiphodid'ynius: friiiii
Siijpaf, ^wpoKoj, 'the chest,' yucTJip, 'the belly,'
and iiivfioi, 'a twin.' A monstrosity in which
twins are united by the chest and abdomen.—
Gurlt.
THOIiA CO-MAX ILL 0-FA CIA L, Pla tysma
myoides.
THORACOMETER, Stethometer.
THORACOPATHl'A, from .*a,,)u(, ^wpawf, -the
chest,' and vaQos, 'disease.' Disease or sufferiii"
in the chest.
THORACOSCOPIA, see Auscultation.
THORACOSCOPIUM, Stethoscope.
THORACOTOMY, Thoracocentesis.
THORACYST'IS, Thoracocyst'is, from 0up«f,
OujpaKoi, 'the chest,' and kvotis, 'a bla<Uler.'
Encysted dropsy of the chest. Hydatids in the
chest.
THORAX, 6(i)pn^, 'a cuirass, a coat of mail.'
Cith'arus, Venter vie'dius. Pectus, Stethus, Scutum
pec'toris, Bir, Chelys, Cassa, the Breast, the Chest,
(F.) Poitrine. One of the splanchnic eavitic",
Cavum thora'cis, bounded, posteriorly by the ver-
tebras ; laterally, by the ribs and scapula; ante-
riorly, by the sternum : above, by the clavicle :
and below, by the diaphragm. It is destined to
lodge and protect the chief organs of respiration
and circulation — the lungs and the heart.
Thorax, Corset.
THORE, Sperm.
THORN APPLE, Datura stramonium— t. Red,
Datura Sanguinea.
THOROUGHSTEM, Eupatorium perfoliatum.
THOROUGHWAX, Eupatorium perfoliatum.
THOROUGHWORT, Eupatorium perfolinluin.
THOROW-WAX, Bupleurum rotundifolium.
THORULUS STRAMINEUS, Fanon.
THRiENINE, see Tears.
THREADWORM, Dracunculus— t. Long, Tri-
chocephalus.
THREPSIS, Assimilation, Nutrition.
THREPSOL'OGY, Threpsolofj"ia,{rom V^'f.
'nutrition,' and >ioyoi, 'a description.' The doe-
trine of, or a treatise on, the nutrition of organ-
ized bodies.
THREPTICE, Assimilation.
THRIDACE, Lactucarium,
THRIDAX, Lettuce.
THRIFT, LAVENDER, Statice limonium— t,
American, Statice Caroliniana — t. Sea-side, Sta-
tice Caroliniana.
THRIX, Capillus, Hair.
THROAT, »pote, «rora, Juguhim, Interstil"-
iuni Jugula're, Guttur, Sjthage, (Prov.) Chokes,
Droat, House, Hose, (Sc.) Halse, Hawse, Witter.
The anterior part of the neck. [F.) Gorge. Also,
the pharynx.
THROATROOT. Geum Virginianum, Liatris.
THROATWORT, Campanula trachelium.
THROBBING, Puhati'vns, Sphyg'micus,
Sphygmo'des, Pul'satory, (F.) Pnhatif. A throb-
bing pain, (Prov.) Slang. (F.) Dordeur pulsative,
is a kind of pain which is, or seems to be caused
or augmented by the pulsation of arteries.
THROE, Agonv. Pains, labour.
THROMBI LACTEI, Infarctus mamma;
lacteus.
THROMBOCYS'TIS, from &po,jPos, 'a clot,'
and (cucTTij, 'a cyst' The cyst occasionally sur-
rounding a clot of blood — as in encephalic he-
morrhage.
THROxMBOSIS. Coagulation, Thrombus.
THROMBUS, ^/)o/</?os, 'a clot,' from &i,o,,Pooj,
'to coagulate;' Throtnho'sis, Trumlius, Ha»<ato'-
ma. A small, hard, round, bluish tumour ; formed
by an effusion of blood in the vicinity of a vein
which has been opened in the operation of blood-
TIIROPILL
911
Til YREO- ARYTENOID
letting. The thrombus is most commonly owing
to the opoiiing in the voiii ami that of the skin
not corresponding; to exees.-^ive suiallnc.-s of the
cutaneous orifice ; or to small, fatty granules,
whieli prevent the discharge of the blood. Com-
presses, dipped in saltwater; camphorated spirit,
iind slight compression, usually disperse it. See
Bhi.Ml.
TintoMiins Neonatohitm, Cephalaematoma.
Til I! 1)1' ILL, Trachea.
T11K<H'1'LI':, Trachea.
'I'llltOfTLK, Trachea.
TIII'>0\V, Agony, Pains, labour.
Til K') WORT, Lconurus cardiaca.
THRUSH, Aphthae — t. Milk, Aphthae — t.
Wliile, Aplithie.
TIlltllSTY, Dipsodes.
TI1RYI*8I.S, Comminution.
THUJA OCCIDENTALIS, Thuya occiden-
talis.
THUMR, Polle.x.
Til UREA, Juniperus lycia — t. Virga, Junipe-
rus lycia.
THUS, see Pinus abies — t. Foemininum, see
Pinus abies — t. Judajorum, Croton cascarilla,
Styrax, Thymiama — t. Libauotos, Juniperus
lycia — t. Masculum, .Juniperus lycia — t. Vcrum,
Juni|)erus lycia — t. Vulgare, see Pinus abies.
THUYA APIIYLLA, see Sandarac.
Tiuj'ya seu Thuja Occide.vta'lis, T. ohtu'sa,
Ciiprci'nHS Arhor Vil(P, AiiierictDt Arbor Vifce,
Tree of Life. Orel. ConifcrtB. The leaves and
wood were formerly in high repute as resolvents,
sudorifics, and expectorants, and were given in
phthisical affections, intermittent fevers, and
dropsies. The expressed juice has been applied
to condylomata. The arrangement of the uicdul-
liiry matter of the cerebellum, termed Arbor
Vila'., is also called Tliiii/n.
THYLACIITIS, Gutta rosea.
THYM, Thymus.
THYMA, Thymion.
THYMALOS, Taxus baccata.
THYMASTHMA, Asthma thymicum.
THYMRRA, Saturcia hortensis — t. Hispanica,
Thvmus mastichina.
THYME, CAT, Teucrium Marum— t. Common,
Thymus — t. Lemon, see Thymus serpyllum — t.
Mother of. Thymus serpyllum — t. Virginia,
Pycnanthemum linifolium — t. Wild, Thymus
serpyllum.
TilYMRL^A, Daphne gnidium — t. Laureola,
Daphne laureola — t. Mczereum, Daphne meze-
reum — t. Monspeliaca, Daphne gnidium.
THYMELCO'SIS, from ^p^oj, 'thymus,' and
'tXifoj, ' an ulcer.' Ulceration of the thymus
gland.
THY'MIA'MA, 5u««j^o, (Svu, 'I burn per-
fumes') ' a perfume ;' Thus Jmlcp.o'rum, Munkxcood,
(F.) Narcnphte. A bark from Syria, Cilicia, <fec.,
supposed to be the product of the liquid storax
tree. Tt has an agreeable, balsamic smell; ap-
proaching that of liquid storax.
TuVMiAMA, Fumigiition, Snflimentum.
TlIYMrASrOTECHNIA, Thymiatechny.
TIIYMIASIS, Fumigation.
TllYMr.\TECH'NY, Thijmiatcch'nia, Thynii-
aKi'iitccli'iiin, Oiira film ir/ato'ria, hom duiiiaua, 'an
odour,' and rexvi, ' i>rt.' The art of employing
jierfuines in medicine.
THYMIC, Tln/'micim, (F.) Thymique. Having
rel;itii>n to the thymus, as '•thymic asthma."
TIIY.M'ION, fhymn. Thyiiiitf, Porrum, Porrus,
Verrn'ca rlingoi'dea Verrii'ca minor, from Oviios,
' thyme.' A small wart on the skin, resembling
a bud of thyme.
TIIY'MIOSIS, Framboesia — t. Indiea, Frara-
bccsia.
THYMIQUE, Thymic.
THYMI'TES. Wine impregnated with thyme.
THYMI'TIS, from ^u/ios, 'thymus,' and iii",
denoting inflammation. Inflammation of tho
thvmus gland.
THYMOPATIII'A, Psyrhopnthi'a, from 5u/i<-f,
'the mind,' and naSos, 'affection.' A disease of
the mind.
TIFYMOS, Rage._
TIIYMOXAL'ME, from 5u^of, 'thyme,' o^vs,
'acid,' and 'aXf, 'salt.' A compound of thyme,
vinegar atid salt.
THYMUS. ^iJLog, Ghind'vln Thymm, Corpus
Thymia'mitm seu Thy'micum, Ghni'dinm, Thy-
»;»« (jlund, Corpus iiiconipreheiieib'ile of Jos.
Frank. Sweetbread of the butcher. An organ,
concerned in hamatosis, which is seated in
the upper separation of the anterior medias-
tinum. The thymus has the appearance of a
glandular body. It is oblong; bilobate ; soft,
and very variable in size and colour. In the
fffitus, it is very large, and contains in a central
cavity — reservoir of the thymus — a milky fluid :
but it gradually disappears, and in old age is
scarcely discernible. The arteries, called thymic,
are from the inferior th3'roid, internal mainmary,
bronchial, and mediastinal. The veins have the
same arrangement. It receives some nervous
filaments from the pneumogastric nerves, the
phrenic, and the inferior cervical ganglia.
Thymus, T. vuh/a'ris seu teuuifo'Uus seu hor-
ten'sis, Commoit Tliyme, (F.) Thyiu, T. ordinaire,
Forif/oule. Ord. Labiatae. «SVu-. Syst. Didyna-
mia Gymnospermia. This herb has an agreeable,
aromatic smell; and a warm, pungent taste. It
is reputed to be resolvent, emmenagogue, tonic,
and stomachic. It is not much used.
Thymus, Satureia capitata, Thymion — t. Cala-
minthus, Melissa ealamintha— t. Capitatus, Satu-
reia capitata — t. Ciliatus, T. mastichina — t. Cre-
ticus, Satureia capitata — t. Hortensis, Thymus — ■
t. Includens, T. serpyllum.
Thymus Mastichi'na, T. cilia'tna, Marinn
vnhja're, Samp'suchus, Clinopo'dia, Mastich'iun.
Gnllo'rum, Thymbrn Hisjjnn'ica, Jnca In'dico,
Common herb JIfristich. A low, shrubby, Spanish
plant, used as an errhine. It has a smell like
mastich. Its virtues resemble those of the Mttrum
Syriacum ; but it is said to be less powerful.
Thymus MuLTiFLonus, Melissa nepeta — t. Ne-
peta, Melissa nepeta.
Thymus, Reservoir of the, see Thymus.
Thymus Sekpyl'lum, T. inclu'dens, Her'pylos,
Herpyl'los, Serpyl'lum, Serpul'him, Serpil'hint,
Giln'rum, Serpyl'lum vidt/a're tnintts, 3lother of
Thyme, Wild Thyme, (F.) Serpolet. This plant
has the same sensible properties as the garden
thyme; but has a milder and rather more grate-
ful flavour. Lemon Thyme, the Serpyllum citra'-
tum, is merely a variety of the Thymus Serpyllum.
It is very pungent; and has a particularly grate-
ful odour, approaching that of lemons.
Thymus Sylvaticus, Clinopodium vulgare —
th. Sylvestris, Satureia capitata — th. Tenuifo-
lius. Thymus — th. Vulgaris, Thymus.
THYRA, 6vpa, 'a gate, folding-door.' In com-
position, Thyreo and Tliyro, ^vpio^, 'a shield re-
sembling a folding-door,' mean the thyroid car-
tilage.
THYREMPHRAXIS, Bronchocele.
THY'REO, Thyro, in composition, relating to
the thyroid cartilage or gland.
THYREOADENITIS, Thyreoitis.
THYREO - ARYT ' ENOID, Thyro -arytenoi-
deus or Thyro-arytenoides. That which relates
to the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages.
Thyreo-arytenoid Lig'aments, Inferior Liffd.
ments of the Larynx, Lips of the Glottis, Vocal
Cords, are two ligaments about two lines broad,
formed of elasticand parallel fibres, which are
TlIYREO-EriGLOTTIC
912
T I B T A
contained in a duplicature of the mucous tnem-
hrane of the larynx. They extend horizontally
from the anterior projection at the base of each
arytenoid cartilage to the middle of the angle of
union of the thyroid cartilage. They are the
essential organs of voice. See Glottis.
THVIlKO-AltYTR.NOlD MuSCLES, ThYREO-ARV-
TKNo'iDEi, are thin muscles, which arise from the
middle and inferior part of the posterior surface
of the thyroid cartilage ; whence they proceed
backwards and outwards, to be inserted into the
outer part of the base of the arytenoid cartilage.
They give the necessary tension to the ligaments
of the glottis, in the production of the voice.
Santorini has given the name Thyreo-arytendi-
deits obliqitua to a portion of the aryteiioideus
muscle.
TIIYREO - EPIGLOT ' TIC, Thyreo-epicjlotti-
detm, Thyyppifjlntt'icun. Sabatier and Santorini
have given this name to the outer portion of the
thyro-nrytonoid muscle; because it passes from
the thyroid cartilage to the anterior part of the
epiglottis.
TIIYREO -HYOID, Thym-hynidem, Thyro-
hyiiidcu. ITyoilenthyreo'des. That which belongs
or relates to the thyroid cartilage and os hyoidcs.
TnYRKO-HvoiD or Hyo-thvroid Membrank
is a very broad, yellowish, fibrous membrane,
thicker at the middle than at the extremities,
which is attached, above, to the posterior surface
of the body and great cornu of the os hyoides ;
and, below, to the whole superior edge of the
thyroid cartilage.
TIIYREO -HYOiDEUS or nyo-tlnjreouhns
JlfMcle is situate at the anterior and superior
part of the neck. It is attached to the oblique
line on the anterior surface of the thyroid car-
tilage ; to the inferior edge of the body of the os
hyoides, and to the anterior portion of its great
cornu. It approximates the thyroid cartilage
and OS hyoides to each other, by raising the car-
tilage, and with it the whole larynx : or, it can
depress the os hvoides.
TIIYREO- PilARYNGEUS, Thyro-Pharyn-
geus.
THYREOID, Thyroid.
THYREOWTEk, Thy roi deal.
TIIYREOTDEUS, Thyroideal.
TTIYREOI'TIS, Thyreoadeni'tis, T/n/remdrt!»,
Aiigi'iifi. thyrea'iden, from Svpeui, 'a shield,' and
jV/s, denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the
thyroid gland.
THYREONCTIS, Bronehocele.
TIIYREOPIIRAXIA, Bronehocele.
THYREPIGLOTTICUS, Thyreoepiglottic.
THYRO, see Thyreo.
THYRO-ARYTENOID. Thyroo-arytenoid.
THYRO-CRICO-PHARYXGEUS, see Crico-
pharyngeal.
TIIYRO-HYOIDES, Thyreo-hyoid.
THYRO-PHARYNGEUS, Thy'reo-pharynffeuo.
Valsalva, Morgagni, Santorini, and Winslow have
given this name to the portion of the constrictor
pharyngis inferior, which is attached to the thy-
roid cartilages.
TnYRO-PiiARYNGF.n.s, Constrictor pharyngis,
see Crico-phnrynzeal.
TIIYRO-PHARYNGO-STAPHYLINUS, Pa-
lato-pharyngens.
THYROCELE, Bronehocele.
THYROID. Tlnfreoid, Thyroi'dea, from &vpa,
* a gate or folding-door,' or from ^vinnc, ' a shield,'
and ttios, 'form.' That which has the shape of a
folding-door.
Thyroid Car'tilage, Cartiln'go Scnti/nr'mia
seu Seiitn'h'n seu Clypea'lU, Conperto'rium, C. Pel-
tn'lis seu pefta'tns, Scntnm, Ada'ini Mursfi^ On,
is the largest of the cartilages of the larynx, at
the anterior part of which it is siitiinti\ It is
larger transversely than vertically ; br<iadcr above
than below ; and seems formed by the junction
of the two quadrilateral plates, which produce,
by their union, an angle that projects forwnrdi".
Its two posterior margins terminate above, and
on each side, by an ensiforni prolongation, called
the greater conm nf the thyroid cnrtilnye, corvit
anpe'rius s6w hnxjum ; and, below, by a less
prominent eminence, the lesser conm, Cornu hi-
fe'riiis seu breve, which is articulated with the
cricoid.
Thyroid Gi.AND, Corpus Thyreo'ideum, Glnn'-
dula Thyreoiden, (F.) Ghnid ou Corps Thyrohle,
is an organ, the uses of which are not known. It
covers the anteriorand inferior part of the Inrynx,
as well as the first rings of the trachea, and seems
to be composed of two lobes, flattened from before
to behind, which are united by » transverse pro-
longation of the same nature as themselves, called
the Isthmus. The tissue of the thyroid is soft,
spongy, and of a brownish colour; but its inti-
mate structure is unknown. It is formed of
several distinct lobules; collected in lobes of
greater or less size. These are comjuised of
granulations, some of which contain a yellowish
or milky fluid. The thyroid gland receives four
largo arteries, called Thyroideal, as well as cor-
responding veins. Its nerves proceed from the
pneumogastric, and from the cervical ganglia.
No excretory duet has ever been found in it. Its
uses are not known.
THYROIDEAL, Tliyroideus, Thyrcoidem.{Y.)
Tliyro'idif)), Thyreiiidien. That which concerns
the thyroid gland or cartilage.
TtiYROiDKAL Arteries are two on each side.
]. The superior Thryoideal, superior Uiryngeid,
superior guttural, arises from the anterior part of
the external carotid, and proceeds to the upper
part of the thyroid gland, after having given off
a laryngeal branch and a crico-thyroid. 2. The
inferior Thyroideal, infe'rior gut'turol, much
larger than the last, arises from the upper part
of the subclavian. It passes, in a serpentine
manner, to the inferior part of the thyroid gland,
to which it is distributed, after having given a
number of branches to the neighbouring parts,
among which is the cervicalis asrendens.
Thyroideal Veins are, 1. A superior thyroid-
eal, and several middle thyroideal, wliieli open
into the internal jugular vein. 2. An inferior
thyroideal, much larger than the preceding, whose
branches form — by anastomosing with those of
the opposite side, in front of the trachea — a
very remarkable venous plexus, which .1. Cloquet
calls the infra-thyroideal plexus. The inferior
thyroideal veins open, — tlie left into the corre-
sponding subclavian; — the right, into the vena
cava superior.
THYROynrEN, Thyroideal.
THYROPHRAXIA, Bronehocele.
THYRSUS, Penis.
THYSSELINUM, Pencedanum palustre.
THYSSELIUM PALUSTRE, Pencedanum
palustre.
TIBT. PERONEO- TARSIEN, Peronscus
longus.
TIB'IA. A Latin word, which signifies a flute
or pipe. Cneme, Procne'me, Procne'iiiium, Fo'cile
majus, Anni'do seu Cannn major, Cavna major
feu donies'ticn cruris, Shiidione. The largest bone
of the leg. A long, irregular, an<l triangular bone,
situate on the inner side of the fibula. It has. 1.
A Superior or femoral extremity, which is very
large, rounded, and has two eminences at the
sides, called Tuberos'ities of the Tibia, or Tibial
tuberosities. The outermost is articulated with
the fibula. On its head are two articular, oval,
concave surfaces, separated by a proces.s, called
TIBIiEUS
913
TILIA
Spin<- of the tibi'a, which nre articulated with the
condyles of the Os femoria. 2. An iuferior or
tarm,l extremity, having an articular surface be-
neatli, which joins tlie astragalus; within, a tri-
angular eminence, which forma the malleolus in-
ternus ; and, on the outside, a triangular surface,
which articulates with the filmla. 3. The body
or shaft of the tibia has three faces, separated by
three angles, the anterior of which is the most
prominent, and is called the »;)n,e or crista of the
tibia or tibial spine. It is the shin. The tibia is
articulated with the femur, fibula, and astragalus.
It is developed by three points of ossification,
one for the body, and one for each extremity.
Tibia Minima, Fibula.
TII}Iit:US, Tibial.
TIB'IAL, 7'i7-/a7i«, TibicB'u8,{'F.) Tibial, Jam-
Her. From tibia. That which relates to the
tibia or to the leg.
Tibial Aponeuro'sis, (F.) Aponivrote Jam-
bih-e, surrounds the muscles of the leg. It is con-
tinuous, above, with the femoral aponeurosis, and
ariso^, also, from the head of the fibula, and from
several fibrous expansions which detach them-
selves from the tendons of the triceps, sartorius,
gracilis-, and semitendinosus. Thence it descends
around the leg, attaching itself to the whole ex-
tent of the anterior and inner edges of the tibia.
It sends, below, an expansion, which passes be-
fore the tendo Achillis, and is continuous with
the anterior annular ligament of the tarsus. It
is attached, also, to the sheath of the peronei
muscles.
Tibial Arteries are two in number. 1. Ar-
te'ria Tibia'lis Aiiti'co, which arises from the pop-
liteal, before its bifurcation : passes immediately
through the opening in the upper part of the in-
terosseous ligament, and reaches the anterior part
of the leg; when it turns downwards, and de-
scends obliquely, between the extensor communis
digitorum pedis and the tibialis anticus, anterior
to the interosseous ligament ; glides under the
anterior annular ligament of the tarsus, and takes
the name Borsalis tarsi. Amongst the numerous
branches, given off by the tibialis antica, may be
distinguished — the Tibialis recnr'rens, A. vtal-
leola'ris interna, and A. riialleolaris externa. 2.
A. Tibialis posti'ca, arises from the bifurcation
of the popliteal artery; and, slightly tortuous,
descends between the two planes of the posterior
muscles of the leg; until it arrives under the
arch of the ealeaneum, where it divides into two
branches — the Plantar arteries.
TIBIAD, see Tibial aspect.
_ TIB'IAL ASPECT. An aspect towards the
side on which the tibia is situated. — Barclay.
Tibiail is used adverbially by the same writer, to
signify, 'towards the tibial aspect.'
Tibial Nerves are two in number. 1. The
anterior tibial nerve, Pretibio-sunplantaxre, (Ch.)
One of the two branches in which the external
popliteal terminates. It accompanies the arteria
tibialis antica. 2. The posterior tibial nerve,
Branche tihiale dii nerf femoro-poplitee (Ch.), is
the internal popliteal.
Tibial Veins, Anterior and Posterior, have
the same arrangement as the arteries which they
accompanv.
TIBIA'LIS ANTI'CUS, Cate'ncR mns'culns,
(F.) Tibio-sus- mftatarsien, Tibin-sustarsien (Ch.),
Jambier anierienr. A muscle situate at the an-
terior part of the leg. Above, it has the shape
of a triangular prism ; below, it is slender and
tendinous. It is attached, above, to the anterior
part of the external tuberosity of the tibia; to
the superior half of the outer surface of that
bone; and to the anterior surface of the interos-
seous ligament. Below, its tendon terminates at
tho base of the first cuneiform bone, and at the
53
' posterior e.xtremity of the first metatarsal bone.
This muscle bends the foot on the leg, and directs
its point inwards, at the same time that it raises
its inner edge. It can, also, bend the leg on the
foot, and prevent it from falling backwards in
standing.
Tibialis Gracilis, Plantar muscle.
Tibialis Posti'cijs, (F.) Tibio-tarsien, Tibio-
sous-tarsien (Ch.), Jambier posterienr. This mus-
cle is situate at the posterior and deep part of the
leg. It is thicker above than below; and is at-
tached, above, to the posterior surface of the
fibula; to the posterior surface of the tibia, and
to the interosseous ligament. Its tendon termi-
nates, below, at the tuberosity on the inferiiT
extremity of the os scaphoides. This muscle ex-
tends the foot on the leg; at the same time rai,--
ing its inner edge. It, likewise, extends the leg
on the foot.
TIBIO-CALCANIEN, Soleus— ?. Phahnnjet.
tien, Flexor longus digitorum pedis profundus
perforans — t. Sons-tarsien, Tibialis posticus — t.
Sns-metatarsien, Tibialis anticus — t. Siis-tarsien,
Tibialis anticus.
TIB'IO-TARSAL, Tibio-far'scns, (F.) Tibio-
tarsienue. What relates to the tibia and tarsus.
Tibio- Tarsal Articula'tion is the articula-
tion of the foot with the l^eg. It is formed by
the tibia and the astragalus; and is strengthened
by lateral, and by anterior and posterior liga-
ments.
TiniO- TARSIEN, Tibialis posticus.
TIC, Twitching, Vellication. A local and ha-
bitual convulsive motion of certain muscles; and,
especially, of some of those of the foce. It is,
sometimes, called 7Vc convvlsifou Tic non donlon-
renx, Histrion'ic Spasm of the Face, to distin-
guish it from Tic douloureux or neurahjia faciei,
and has been termed a paitial chorea or form
of chronic chorea, Spastnua facia'lis, Chore' a
fu'ciei.
TIC DOULEUREUX, Neuralgia, facial — t.
non douloureux, see Tic.
TICKLE WEED, Veratrum viride.
TICKLING, (^c.) Kittling, KitiUing, (F.) Cha.
touillement. This word, sometimes, means the
action of tickling (titilla'lio, titilla'tion ;) at
others, the sensation produced by this action
[pruri'tus). A vivid sensation, which commonly
causes laughter, and a state of general spasm
that may be dangerous if too long protracted.
There are some parts of the body, where we nre
easier tickled than others; for example, the sole
of the feet, and the hvpochondriac regions.
TICKSEED SUNFLOWER, Coreopsis tricho
spernia.
TICKWEED, IIedeoma--t. Sunflower, Core-
opsis trichospernia.
TICO'REA FEBRIF'UGA; a Brazilian plant.
Order, Rutacea;, the bark of which is intensely
bitter, astringent and antiperiodic.
TicoREA Jasminiflo'ra. a decoction of the
leaves is said to be drunk by the Brazilians as a
cure for frambnesia.
TIDAL AIR, see Respiration.
TIERCE, see Tertian.
TIGE PITUITAIEE, Infundibulum of the
brain — t, Sus-spheno'idale, Infuniffbulum of the
brain.
TIGILLUM, Crucible.
TIGLIA seu TIGLII GRANA, see Croton
Tiglium.
TIGRETIER, see Mania, dancing.
TIGULA, Saccharura.
TIKTMMA, Cacoucia coccinea.
TILBURY, MINERAL WATERS OF. A sa-
line chalybeate at West Tilbury, in Essex, Eng-
land. It is not much frequented.
TIL'IA, T. Europce'a sou- ^vandiflo'ra seu cor-
TILIA AMERICANA
914
TINCTURA
di/'i'b'a seu pancijla'rn seu platapJnjU'n, Cnkin to
TTi'Ktn, 'the elm tree'). I'hil'i/ra. The Lime or
Li.ulen tree, (F.) Tllleul. O'rd. Tiliacea;. The
flowers have been supposed to possess anod^'ne
iiiid iintispasmodic virtues.
TILIA AMERICA'NA. T. glnhra seu Cmta-
(hii'nin, Linden, Linn, Basxicood, Wliitewixid,
Spiioiunxid. A inucihige prepared by macerating
the inner bark in cold water, has been applied to
burns. It may be made into a cataplasm by
thickening it with bran.
TiLiA Glabka, T. Americana — t. Canadensis,
T. Americana.
TILLEUL, Tilia.
TILLICIIERRY CORTEX, Nerium antidy-
sentericuni.
TILMA, Linteum.
TILMOS, Evulsion.
TILMUS, Carphologia.
TILY, OF THE INDIANS, Viburnum denta-
tum.
TIMAC. The name of an East India root, but
of what vegetable is not clear. It is said to pos-
sess diuretic properties; and hence has been
given in dropsies.
TIMBRE (¥.), 'the sound of a bell.' The
quality of sound by which one voice, or one in-
strument, can be distinguished from another
when producing the same note.
TIMIDUS, Rectus inferior oculi.
TIN, (D.) Ten. Stdiinnm, Cassit'eros, C'lt-
tit'eiDi, Sta)if/o8, Ja'piter, StnJ pia, Laog, Plumbum
iilbum seu can'didnm, (F.) Etain. A solid metal;
of a peculiar odour when rubbed; insipid ; colour
whitish; s. g. 7'291; giving a peculiar tinkling
sound when struck. It is used, in medicine, only
as a mechanical anthelmintic. Dose, ^j of the
Ptdvis Stanni, St(tnnnm (jianula'tum or (Jrnnular
tin, in molasses. This is made by melting tin in
an iron vessel over the fire, and, while it is cool-
ing, stirring until it is reduced to a powder,
which is passed through a sieve. — Ph. U. S.
Tin, Butter of, Tin, muriate of — t. Chloruret
of. Tin, muriate of — t. Deutohydrochlorate of, T.
muriate of.
TiN-FoTL, Stauiuim folia'tnm, Stanni'olum, is
used for plugging carious teeth, <fec.
Tin-Glass, Bismuth — t. Granular, see Tin — t.
Muriate of, suporo.xygenated, T. muriate of.
Tin, MiikIATK of, Fuming liquor of Libu'vilis,
3lu'rins Stanni seu Oxyd'u/i Stunni, Butter or
Chlor'ttret or Den'to-liydro-chloriite or Snperory-
geua'ted Muriate <if Tin. This is formed of tin,
one part; concentrated muriatic acid, three parts.
To be crystallized by the aid of heat. A violent
cathartic. Dose, gr. ij or iij.
Tin, Sui.PHUiiKT of, Auruin musivum.
TINAGMUS, Concussion.
TINAS.MUS, Tenesmus.
TINCTU'RA, from tingere, tinctum, ' to dye.'
Tincture, Emien'tiu, (F.) Teinture Alcoolique, A^-
coole, Alcuhid, Alcoo/ature. The term tincture is
generally restricted to spirituous solutions of
vegetable, animal, and some saline substances.
It corresponds, therefore, with the word Quintea'-
cence, in one of its old significations; and with
the Alcoola'tum of the Codex of Paris. It is not
unusual, however, to speak of aqueous tincture,
ethereal tincture (Etherolature, Bcral), <fec. Tinc-
tures are usually made either with pure alcohol
or proof spirit. The former are precipitated by
water; and, therefore, are seldom used inter-
nally; the latter are common additions to infu-
sions, decoctions, Ac. They ought not, of course,
to be united with any vehicle which can decom-
pose them, or separate any thing from them in a
palpable form; unless such decomposition is de-
sired by the prescriber. In making tinctures,
the iogredieuts should be reduced to a coarse
powder; and the maceration be mnde in close
vessels, e.xjiosed to a heat of about Mi°, and fre-
quently shaken. When completed, they must be
filtered, and put away for use in close bottles.
When the process of displacement is employed,
great care must be taken, so that the substances
treated may be, as far as possible, exhausted of
their soluble principles, and a perfectly clear
tincture be obtained. To those who are not fa-
miliar with the process, the plan of maceration is
preferable.— Ph. U. S.
TiNCTiiRA Absin'thii Compos'ita, Emen'lia
abain'thii composila seu nmara. Compound Tinc-
ture of woriniDood. (Ahninth., artem. pontic.,
cari/oph. aa ,^ss, aaceh. ^\}, alcohol. Oss. Mace-
rate for fifteen days. /'//. P.) Tonic, .stomachic,
vermifuge, and carminative. Dose, f ^l^'j t" ',^-'^*'
TiNCTUiiA AcAci.*; Catkchu, T. catechu — t.
Acetalis ferri cum alcohole, see T. ferri acetatis
— t. Acidi sulphurici, Sulpburicum acidum aro-
maticum.
Tinctura Aconi'ti, (Ph. U. S. 1842.) Tine-
tu' ra Acotii'ti fidio'rnm, (Ph. U. S. 1851.) Tinc-
ture of Ac'onite, (Aconit.folior. ^iv, alcohol, dilnt.
Oij. Macerate for 14 days, express, and filter
through paper. It may also be made by dis-
placement. Ph. U. S.) Dose, gtt. XX or XXX. It
is rubbed on the seat of neuralgia.
Tinctura Aconi'ti RAni'cis, Tincture of Aco-
nite root, (Aconit. radicia contus. ftj, Alcohol,
Oij. Macerate for 14 days ; express and filter.
It may also be prepared bj' displacement. Ph.
U. S.) Uses same as the last.
Tinctura ^the'rka Camphora'ta, Sidu'tio
cani'phoro! athe' rea, Liquor iiervi'nus Bany'ii,Spi-
ritua auljjhu'rivo-O'lhereuH camphora'tua, Naphtha
vitrioli camphora'ta. (Caviphor. p. i. jElher avl-
phuric. p. ii.) Stimulant in atonic diseases, ar-
thritic cardialgia, and spasm. Dose, 20 to 30
drops in white wine.
Tinctura jEtiikuea Ferri. Alcohol (seu Tinc-
tura) sulphurico-tethereus ferri — t. Alcoholics
Chinae composita, T. cinchonae composita — t. Al-
i coholica corticuui aurantiorum Whyltii, Tinctura
cinchoniB amara — t. Alexipharmaca Iluxhaini,
Tinctura cinchona) composita.
Tinctura Al'oes, T. Al'oea Socotori'nce, Es-
aeu'tia Aloea, Al'cohol cum Aloej)erfolia'td, Tinc-
ture of Aloea. (Aloea, pulv. ^j, ex<. gli/cyrrh.
,^iij, oqu(B Oiss, alcohol. Oss. Macerate for 14
days, and filter. Ph. U. S.) Properties, those
of aloes. Dose, f^*'*' to f^^iss.
Tinctura Aloes tEthe'rea, T. Aloea vitriola'-
ta, yEthe'real Tincture of Aloes. (Aloea Sucot.,
Myrrh., iia ^iss, croci 3J, ap. cBlheria aulph. Oj.
Digest the myrrh in the etlier for 4 days ; then
add the aloes and saflfron. Ph. E.) Stimulant
and cathartic. Dose, f J5J ta f |5'j-
Tinctura Aloe.s Compos'ita, Elix'ir Proprie-
ta'tia seu aperiti'rum seu Aloea, Tinctura Aloes
cum Mijrrhd seu Aloea et Myrrh m (Ph. U. S.,)sea
Aloea et MyrrhcB croca'ta, Elicir of long life.
Compound Tincture of Aloea, (F.) Elixir de longue
vie, Baume de vie de Lelievre, [Aloes, in pulv.,
,^iij, croci, ^j, Tinct. Myrrha, Oij.) Macerate
for 14 days, and filter. Purgative and stomachic.
Dose, f^j to f.^ij.
Boerhaave'a Eli.rir consisted of aloes, myrrh,
saffron, and tartrate of potaeaa, digested in alco-
hol and xoater.
liadcliffe'a Elixir is formed of Aloes socotr.
^vj, cort. cinnnm., rod. zedoar, aa (^S9, rad. rhei
3ij, coccincll. ^"fS, ayrup. rhamui ^ij, sp. tenuior.
Oj, aquce puree f ^v.
Tinctura Aloks et Myrrhs, T. aloes com-
posita— t. Aloes et myrrhae crocata, T. A. com-
posita— t. Aloes vitriolata, T. A. aetherea — t.
Amara, T. gentianfcp comi)osita — t. AmmonisB
composita, Spiritus ammouiai succinatus — t.
TINCTURA
915
TINCTURA
Amomi repentis, T. cardarnomi — t. Amomi zin-
giberis, T. zingiberis.
TiNcTunA Angustu'RvE, T. Citupn'ricB, Tincture
"f AnijuKtara. ( Corl. cuHpar. in pulv. crass, redact,
o'u- V- "'"•<«»• Oij. Digest. Fh. D.) Dose, f 3J
to fgij.
TiNCTUKA Antifbbrilis Warburgi, see Be-
bceru.
Tl.NCTimA AntiodontAL'gicA, Toothnch Tinc-
ture. (Tannin, ^j, MdHtich. gr. v, cBther. ^'x^.
M.) To be applied on cotton wool to the tooth
Ijreviously dried.
TlNCTURA Aristolochi^ Serpentari^, T.
serpentariae — t. Arotiiatica, T. cinnaraoiui com-
jjosita — t. Aromatica auituoniata, Spiritus amuio-
niae aromaticus.
TlNCTURA AsSAF(e'tID^, T. Fer'ulcB Assri/ae-
tidm, T. fa:'tida seu (imKi/uutidte, Tincture of Ansa-
/(Blidd. {AviKifvetid. ^iv, alcohol. Oij. Mace-
rate for 14 days and filter. Ph. JD.) Dose, gtt.
XV to f^j.
TlNCTURA Assafcetid^ Ammoniata, Spiritus
Ainnioniae foetidus.
TlNCTURA Auuan'tii, T. Cor'ticin Awontii,
Tincture of Orant)e Peel. (Aurant. cort. recent,
^iij, up. red. Oij. Digest for 14 days.) Sto-
machic. Used aa an adjunct to stomachic
draughts. Dose, f^ss to f^ij-
TlNCTURA AuKEA, Alcohol scu tinctura sulphu-
rico-a?thereus ferri.
TlNCTURA BELLAnoN'N.E, Tincture of Bella-
donna. (Delladonncp., ^iv, alcohol, dilut. Oij.
Macerate for 14 days ; express, and filter through
paper. It may, also, be prepared by displace-
ment. Ph. U. S.)
TlNCTURA Bknzo'ini Compos'ita, T. Ben'zoes
coinponlta, Bal'sanium Cathol'icum seu Per'aicum
seu traumat'icum. Elixir traumaticnm, Compound
Tincture of Benzoin, Friar's or Vervain'ii Bal-
fnin, Wade's or Jesuit's drops, Commander's or
Wound Balsam, Balsam for Cuts. (Benzoin, ^u},
styrac. purif. ^\j, Balsam, lolut. ^^j, (does, in pulv.
^»s, alcohol. Oij. Macerate for 14 days and filter.
Ph. U. S.) Stimulant. Used chiefly to wounds
and ulcers.
The basis of Turlington's Balsam of Life, Tur-
lington's Balsam, is the Compound Tincture of
Benzoin. The following form is recommended
by a committee of the Philadelphia College of
Pharmacy: — Alcohol. Oviij, Itenzoin.^si}, Styrac.
Ii(/uid. ^\v, j{locs Socotrin. ^j, lialsam. Peruvian.
5ij, J/y/-(A(E^^j, Had. Angelic, ^ss. Balsam. Tolut.,
Ext. Ulycyrrh. aa 5iv. Digest for 10 days, and
strain.
The Essence of Coltsfoot consiats of equal parts
of the Compound Tincture of Benzoin and Bal-
sam of Tolu, to which is added double the quan-
tity of Rectified Spirit of Wine. It is sold as a
jiectoral.
TlNCTURA Bucnu, T.Buchu, Tincture of Buchu.
(Buch. ,^v. Alcohol, dilut. Oij (Imp. meas.). Di-
gest for seven days and filter. It may be made,
also, by percolation. Ph. E.) Dose, f^j to
f^iv.
TlNCTURA BucKU, Tinctura Buchu.
TlNCTURA Calum'b^, T. ColumbcB seu Colom-
bo: (Ph. U. S.), Tincture of Cohunbo, Columho
Bitters, (Columb. rad. cont. ,^iv, alcohol, dilut.
Oij. Macerate for 14 days ; express, and filter.
Ph. U. S.) Dose, f^ss to f^iv. It may, also, be
m;iilo by displacement.
TiNctURA Campiior.*, Spiritus camphorae.
TlNCTURA Cam'phor.b Compos'ita, T. Opii
Camphora'ta (Ph. U. S.), Compound Tincture or
Camphorated Tincture of Opium, Elixir Pare-
gor'icum, Paregor'ic Elixir. (Opii, in pulv..
Acid Benzoic, aa 3J ol. anisi, f 3_). mellis despu-
mai. ,^ij. Camphor. J^ij, alcohol, dilut. Oij. Ma-
cerate for 14 days, and filter through paper. Ph.
i U. S.) One fluidounce contains nearly gr. ij of
! opium. Anodyne. Dose, f .^j to f giij.
Squire's Elixir, an empirical carminative pre-
paration, is thus made, according to one formula.
(Opii Z\v, camphor, ^j, coccinell. ^}, fanicul.
dulc. 3ij, tinct. serpent. Oj, sp. anisi. cong. ij,
aqucB Oij, auri musivi, 5vj.)
Tinctura Can'nabis In'dic^, Tincture of In-
dian Hempi. (Ext. Cannab. purif. ^ss (avoirdu-
pois), sp. rectificat. Oss (Imp. meas.) Dissolve.
Ph. I).) Dose, about 40 drops.
Tinctura Canthah'idis, T. G. Vesicato'rice, T.
Lytt(B seu Meloes vesicato'rii, Tincture of Cantha-
ridcs. Tincture of Blistering Flies, T. of Spanish
Flies, (F.) Teinture rubefunte. ( Cantharid. coDt.
^ij, alcohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate for 14 days;
express, and filter. It may, also, be prepared by
displacement. Ph. U. S.) Stimulant and diu-
retic, but not often used internally. Externally,
stimulant. Dose, gtt. x.
Matthew's Injection, a once celebrated nostrum
for fistula in ano, consisted wholly of a dilute
Tincture of Cantharides.
Tinctura Cap'sici, Tincture of Capsicum or
Cayenne Pepper. (Capsic. ^j, alcohol, dil. Oij.
Macerate for 14 days, and filter. It may, also,
be prepared by displacement. Ph. U. S.) Stimu-
lant. Dose, f.^ss to f3j.
Tinctura Cardamo'mi, T. atno'mi repen'tis,
Tincture of Car'danionis. (Cardam. cont. ^iv,
alcohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, strain,
and filter. It may, also, be made by displace-
ment. Ph. U. S.) Use, the same as the seeds.
Dose, fJ5J to f 5'v.
Solomon's Balm of Gil'ead, an empirical prepa-
ration, seems to be an aromiitic tincture, — of
which Cardamoms form a leading ingredient,
• — made with brandy. Some affirm that it con-
tains cantharides.
TlNCTURA Cardamomi Compos'ita, Tinctura
Stomach'ica, Compound Tincture of Card'amoms,
Stomach Tincture. (Cardamom, cont. ^yj, Carui.
cont. ^Ij, cinnam. cont. ^v, Uvcb passa. demptis
acinis, ^v, cocci, cont. ^j. alcohol, dilut. Oiiss.
Macerate for 14 days ; express and filter. Ph.
U. S.) Stomachic and carminative. Dose, f^ij
to f,:5iv.
Tinctura Carminati'va Syl'vii, Alcoola'tum
Carminati'vum Sylvii, Carminative Elixir <f Syl-
vius. (Bad. angelic. 4 p., rad. imp>eralor., galang.
aa 6 ]>., fol. rosmarin., mnjoran., rtitce, basilic, aa
48 p., baccar. laur. nobil. 12 p. sent, angelic, li-
gnst. levist., anis. aa 16 p., zingib., nuc. moschat.
aa 6 p., cinnam. 12 p., caryoph., cort. Union, aa 4
p. Add alcohol 1500 p. Macerate and distil,
1000 p. Ph. P.) A warm stomachic, carmina-
tive, &e. Dose, f^ss to f ^^ss.
Tinctura Cascaril'l.*, T. Croto'nis Eleuthe'-
ri(B, Al'cohol cum Croto'ne Cascarilld, Tincture
<f Caacarilla. (Cascarill. cort. cont. ^iv, sp. ten.
Oij. Ph. L.) Dose, fjj to f ^iv.
Tinctura Casto'rei, T. Castorei Ros'sici seu
Castorei Canaden'sis, Essen'tia Castorei, Al'cohol
castoria'tum. Tincture of Castor. (Castor cont.
^ij, alcohol. Oij. Macerate for 7 days, express,
and filter. Ph. U. S.) Tonic and antispasmodic.
Dose, gtt. XX to f ,^ij, or more.
Tinctura Castouki Compos'ita, T. C, ammo-
nia'ta. Compound Tincture of Castor. (Cant, ^j,
g. asafoetid. ^/■s, alcohol, annnoniat. Oj. I'h. E.)
Antispasmodic. Dose, f ^j to f.^iv. Called, also.
Elixir fw'tidum, Tinctura castorei futida seu fce-
tida ammoiila'ta.
TlNCTURA Cat'ecIIU, Tiuctura .fapon'Ica seU
3/inio's(B Catechu seu Aca'ci(E Catechu, Tincture
of Catechu. Catech. ^iij. ciniaim. contus. ^ij,
alcohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate for 14 diiys, ex-
press and filter. Ph. U. S.) Astringent. Dose,
f 3J to f^ij.
TINCTURA
916
TINCTURA
The Concentrated Solution of Charcoal, soU for
cleaiiitig the teeth, seeras to be little more than
the tinrture of catechu.
TiNCTURA Chiuktt'vE, Tincture of Chiret'ta.
(Chiretl. cont. ^v, (avoird.) alcohol, dilnt. Oij.
(Imp. ineas.) Macerate for 14 days. Ph. JJ.)
Dose, f 3J. or f ,^ij, as a tonic.
TiNCTUKA CicuT^, T. conii mnculati.
TiNCTURA Cincho'NvF., T. Cor'ticia Pernvio'ni
Simplex seu Cort. Peniria'ni, Tincture of Cincho-
na or of Dark. {Cinchon. Jlav. in pulv. ^vj,
alcohol, dibit. Oij. JM'iceratc for 14 day.s, ex-
press, and filter through paper. It may, also, be
made by displacement. Ph. U. S.) Dose, f^j
to f3i'^"i "I' more.
TiNCTUUA Ci.vcho'n^ Ama'ra seu alcohol'ica
corticum ni(ranlio'riim Whyttii seu Kinki'ntr.
ama'ra, Elixir aittihypochondri'acnm seu rub''
oralis Whyt'tii seu Whyttii seu stomach'icnni
apirituo'suiii, E«Ke)i'tia Cor'ticia Peruvia'ni Com-
poaila. ( Cinch, p. viij. Gentian. Bad., Cort.
Anraut. p. iij. Alcohol. (-900) 96 p. Digest. Dose,
one or two teaspoonfuls.)
TixcTiruA CiNCHONiE Ammonia'ta, T. Cor'ticia
Peruvia'ni vohil'ilia, Annnouiated or Volatile
Tincture of Bark. (Cinchon. hmcifid. cort. cont.
^iv, ^p. amnion, aroinat, Oij. Ph. L.) In dys-
pepsia, combined with acidity and languor.
TiNCTURA Cinchona ^thk'rea Compos'ita,
T. KinoB KincB cFthe'rea compoa'ita, Elixir'iinn
Aiittaej/liciim Docto'ria Chanseier, Chnuaaier'a
Antiaep'tic Elixir. {Cinchon. ojfficin. ^ij, caa-
carill. §ss, ciniiam. 3'U> cfoct ^ss, aacch. all).
^^xxxviij. Put these bruised into a matrass, and
add fill. alb. Iliapnnic. vel vin. muacat., alcohol.
aa Oj. Macerate for two days, and add aiilphitric
ether fgiss. Ph. P.) Tonic, stimulant, and an-
tiseptic. Dose, f5ss to f,^j.
TiNCTURA Cinchona Compos'ita, T. Cor'ticia
Peruvia'ni Compoaita seu febrif'nya iJocto'ria
Hnxhd'mi seu Alexiphar' inaca Huxhami seu Al-
cohol'ica China Compoa'ita, Eaaen'tia ChincB seu
Cor'ticia Peritviu'ni Alexiphnr'tiiaca Huxhami
seu ontiaep'tica Huxhami, Compound Tincture
of Cinchona or Bark, Huxham'a Tincture of Bark.
(Cinchon. riibr. pulv. ^\},aurant. cort. cont. ^iss.
serpent, cent. ,^iij, croci, santal. aa ^j' alcohol,
dilut. f ^xx. Macerate for 14 days, express, and
filter. /-■/(. U. S.) It may, also, be made by
displacement. More grateful than the simple
tincture. Dose, f ^j to f 3''j-
TiNCTtTRA Cinnamo'mi, T. Lauri Cinnamomi,
Eaaen'tia Cinnamomi, Tincture of Cinnamon. (Cin-
iiam. cont. .^iij, alcohd. dilnt. Oij. Macerate for
14 days, express, and filter. Ph. U. S.) It may,
also, be prepared by displacement. Stomachic.
Dose, fgj to f 3ij.
TiNCTURA Cinnamo'sii Compos'ita, T. seu Ea-
aen'tia Aromat'ica, Alcool cum Aromat'ibua Com-
poa'itiia, Compound Tincture of Cinnamon, (F.)
Eau de Boiiferme ou d'Armagnac. (Cinnam.
cont. ^j, cardain. cont. §ss, zinrjib. cont. 5''j>
alcohol, dilnt. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, ex-
press, and filter. Ph. U. S.) It may, also, be
prepared by displacement. Use, same as the last.
Dose, f ,^j to f 3iij.
TiNCTURA Cocci Cacti, Tincture of Coch'ineal.
(Cocci pulv. ^ij (avohd.), alcohol, dilut. Oj. (Imp.
meas. Ph. JJ.) Chiefly a colouring ingredient.
At times, given in nervous afi'ections. Dose, gtt.
xij to f 3j.
TiNCTURA DE Cochlea'riis, Alcoola'tuvi de
Cochlea'riia seu antiacorbu'ticum. (Fol. cochlear,
recent. 2500 p., rad. arnioracice, 230 p., alcohol.
(22° to 32° Beaume) 3000 p., distil off 2000 p.
Ph. P.) Antiscorbutic. Dose, f^ij to f,^j.
TiNCTURA Col'cHICI, T. C. Sein'inia, {Ph. V.
ff,), Tincture of Culchicum Seed. (Colchic. sem.
cont. ,^iv, alcohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate for 14
days, express, and filter. Ph. U. S.) It may,
also, be prepared by displacement. Dose, ten lo
sixty drops.
TiNCTURA CoLCHici CoMPOSiTA, Spiritus Ci>l-
chici ammoniatus — t. Colchici seminis, T. eolchici
— t. Colombae, T. Calumbae.
TiNCTURA CoNl'l, T. C. Macida'ti, T. Cicn'ttp,
Tincture of Hemlock. (Conii fol. .^iv, alcohol,
dil. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, express, and filler.
Ph. U. S.) It may also be made by displace-
ment. Use ; — the same as that of the leaves.
TiNCTURA CoNii Maculati, T. conii — t. Con-
volvuli Jalapas, T. jalapii — t. Corticis fturantii,
T. aurantii — t. Corticis Peruviiini coinposita, T.
cinchona3 couip. — t. Corticis Peruviaiii simplex,
T. cinchona? — t. Corticis Peruviani volatilis, T.
cinchonae ammoniata.
TiNCTURA Croci Sati'vt, T. Croci, Tincture
of Saffron. (Croci Augl. cont. ^j, alcohol, dilnt.
Jxv. Ph. E.) Slightly stomachic [?]. Dose, f3J
to f.^iij.
Ti'-CTURA DE Croco Compos'ita, ^V/xVc'iMm de
Garua, Alco<da'tum de Croco Compoa'itum, Com-
pound Tincture of Saffron, Elixir of Garim.
(Alvea Socotr. 320 p., myrrh. 64 p., croci. 32 p.,
cinnam., nuc. moachat., caryojih. aa, 16 p., alcohol.
1000 p. «(/. /")■. anraut. 5000 p. Digest for two
days ; distil 4000 p. and add ayrup if capillnire,
50i)0 p. Ph. P.) Aromatic, cordial, stomachic.
It is also called Elixir cordia'le et etomach'icum,
and E. anlicol'icnm croca'tum.
TiNCTURA Ckoto'nis, Tincture of Croton. Un-
der this name Mr. E. Wilson recommends 'a
most valuable cutaneous stimulant,' made by adil-
ing four fluidounces of alcohol to one ounce of the
bruised seeds of Croton tiglium.
TiNCTURA Crotonis Eleutheri^, T. casca-
rillae.
TiNCTURA Cubeb',«, Tincture of Cuheha. (Cu-
heb. cont. ,^iv, alcohid. dilut. Oij. Macerate fur
14 days, express, and filter. Ph. U. S.) It may,
also, be prepared by displacement. Dose, one or
two fluidrachms.
TiNCTURA CusparitE, Tinctura Augusturje.
TiNCTURA Dioita'lis, T. Digitalis pnrpu'rca,
Tincture of Digitalia. (Digital. §iv, alcohid. di-
lnt. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, express, and filter.)
It may, also, be prepared by displacement. Use,
same as that of the leaves. Dose, gtt. x.
TiNCTURA ER'GOT^t;, Tincture of Ergot. (Ergot.
in pulv. crass. ,^viij (avoird.), Sp. tennior. Oij,
(Imp. meas.) Macerate for 14 days, express,
and filter. Ph. D.) Dose, f ,^ to f3ij.
TiNCTURA Er'goTjE iETHR'REA, Ethe'renl Tinc-
ture of Ergot. (Ergot, contus. 5xv, jEther. Oij,
(Imp. meas.) Macerate for 7 days, express, and
filter. Ph. L.) Dose, 60 to 90 minims.
TiNCTURA FlCBRIFUGA DoCTORIS IIuXHAMI, T.
cinchonae composita. .
TiNCTURA Ferri Aceta'tis, Tincture of Ace-
tate of Iron. (Potaaa. acetat. ^ij, aulph. ferri.
,1J> "P- rectif. Oij. Rub the acetate and sulphate
into a soft mass. Dry and rub with the s))irit.
Digest for 7 days, and pour off. Ph. D.) Tonic
and astringent. Dose. gtt. xx to f^j. The Dub-
lin college directs a Tinctura Acetalia Ferri cum
Alcoho'le, which differs from the other, in having
half the quantity, only, of the Acelale of Potaaa.
Tinctura Fkrri Ammonia'ta, T. Ferri Am-
moniacn'lis seu Florum niartia'lium seu 3fartia
Mynsich'ti, Tincture of Animoniattd Iron. (Ferri
amnion, '^iv, sp. ten. Oj. Ph. L.) Vac — same «8
that of the ammoniated iron. Dose, f ^ss to f 3'j-
Tinctura Ferri Ammo'nio-Chlo'uidi, Tine-
ture of Ammonio-chloride of Iron. ( Ferri nnnno-
uio-chlorid. ^iv, alcohol, dilut., aqua destillut.
TINCTURA
917
TINCTURA
aa Oj. (Imp. ineas.) Dissolve and filter. Ph. L.)
Dose, gtt. X to XX.
TiNCTiiiiA Fkuui Ciiloridi, T. ferri muriatis.
TlNCTUUA Fkuiu MtiRiA'Tis, T. Ferri chlo'ridi
(Ph. U. S.) seu Henquf -chlo'ridi seu ifartinin Spi-
ritu S'din seu Mdrtix cum S/tiritn S<dis seu Ferri
Jftirin'li, Liquor Ferri Mnriu'tiH, Tincture of
Muriate of Iron, Tincture of Sleei, Alcohol ferra' -
tun. {Ferri subcarb. ftss, acid, niuriat. Oj,
(dcohol. Oiij. Add the acid to the subcarbonate
in a glass vessel, and shake during three days.
Pour off and add the spirit. Ph. U. S.) Tonic
and styptic. It has been given, also, with ad-
vantage in erysipelas and scarlatina in the dose
of n\^ X to Tr\^ XX, every two or three hours. Dose,
gtt. X to XX.
Bentiichejr'a Tincture or Klnproth's Tincture is
nn ethereal tincture of chloride of iron. It is
Odinposed of dry perchloride of iron, one part;
Jlojf'mnnu'a anodyne liquor, seven parts.
The Antivenereal Drops, at one time so cele-
brated at Amsterdam, were examined by Scheele,
and found to be a tincture of chloride of iron and
corrosive sublimate.
TiNCTURA Ferri Sesqitichloridi, T. Ferri
muriatis— t. Fcrulas Assafoetidse, T. Assafoetida;—
t. Florum marti.ilium, T. ferri ammoniata — t. Foe-
tida, T. assafoetidae — t. Foetida ammoniata, T.
castorei composita — t. Fuliginis, see Fuligo.
TlS'CTllRA Gal'bani, Tincture of Galbanum.
{Gdlb. ^ij, up. tenuior. Oij. Ph. I).) Stimulant
and antispasmodic. Dose, f^j to f ^iij.
Tinctl'ka Galla'rum, T. Galla, {Ph. U. S.)
Tincture of Galh. {Gall, contus. ^iv, alcohol,
dilut. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, express and
filter. Ph. U. S.) It may, also, be prepared by
displacement. Astringent. Dose, f^j to f^iij.
TiNCTitRA Gkntia'n^, Compos'ita, Tinct.Amn'-
ra, Elix'ir Stowach'icuni, Compound Tincture of
Gentian, Spirit Hitters. {Gent, concis. ^^ij, au-
rant. cort. ^j, cardam. cent, ^ss, alcoho). dilut.
Oij. Macerate for 14 days, express, and filter.
It may, likewise, be prepared by displacement.
J'h. U. S.) Tonic and stomachic. Dose, f^j to
Brodntn's Nervous Cordial consists of the Tinc-
tures of Gentian, Coluniba, Cardamom, and Bark,
with the Compound Spirit of Lavender, and Wine
of Iron.
Stourjhton's Elixir is a compound tincture of
gentian. The Elixir'ium Docto'ris Stoughton seu
Tinctu'ra Ama'ra of the Parisian Codex is pre-
pared as follows: — Absinth, summit, exsiccat.,
Teiicri chammdrys. Had. gentian., cort. anrant.,
aft ^^vj, cascariltcB ^), rhei ^ss, aloes socotr. ^j,
alcohol. Oij.) Digest.
TiNCTURA Ghai'aci, T. Gnaiaci Offieina'lis,
Tincture of Guai'acum. (Guaiac. Ibss, alcohol.
Oij. Macerate for 14 days, and filter. Ph. U. S.)
Stimulant and sudorific. Used especially in rheu-
matic and arthritic cases. Nearly the same as
Hill's Essence of Uardana or Burdock.
Ti.vcTiiuA Guai'aci Ammonia'ta, T. Guaiaci'na
Volal'ilis. T. Gnai'nci, {Ph. L. 1788,) Elixir
Guai'aci Volatilis, Al'cohol cum Guni'aco offici-
na'le ammoui'atus, A. ammonicB et Guai'aci, Am-
vioniatid Tincture of Guai'acum, Vol'atile Tinc-
ture of Guai'acum. { Guainc. pulv. ,^iv, sp. amnion,
nrom. Oiss. Macerate for 14 days, and filter.
Ph. U. S.) Properties same as the last. Dose,
Hatfield's Tincture — a nostrum — consists of
Guaiacum and Soap, aa ^'j- rectified spirit, Oiss.
TiNCTURA IIki.LKB'ori, T. Helleb'ori Nigri, T.
JIfelanipo'dii, Tincture of Black Hellebore. ( Hel-
Icb. nigr. cont. ^iv, alcohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate
for 14 days, express and filter. It may also be
prepared by displacement. Ph. U. S.) Dose,
f Jss to f3J.
TiNPTLRA HiERA, Vlnum aloes.
TiNCTURA IIl'imli, T. Lu'puli, Tincture of
Hops. {Humuli, gv, alcohol, dilut. Oij.) Tonic
and sedative. Dose, f ^ss to f.^iij.
Tl.NCTURA Hyoscy'a.mi, T. Hyoscyomi nigri,
Tincture of Henbane. {Hyoscyam. fol. ^iv, atco-
hol. dilut. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, express and
filter. It may also be prepared by displacement.
Ph. U. S.) Narcotic, anodyne. Dose, gtt. xs.
to f^ij-
TiNCTURA lo''!)\m,{Ph. U. S.,\U2,) T. lodin'ii,
{Ph. U. S., 1851^) Alcohol Jo'dii, Tincture of
fodine. {lodin. 3J, alcohol. Oj. Dissolve. Ph.
U. S.) The tincture spoils by keeping, or at
least, deposits the iodine. It has been much
used in goitre, <fec. Dose, ten drops three times
a day.
An ethereal and a chloroform tincture of iodine
have been used, to affect the system with iodine
by inhalation.
TiNCTURA lODINI COMPOS'lTA, {Ph. U. i?., 1842,)
T. lodin'ii Composita, {Ph. U. S., 1851,) Com-
pound Tincture of Iodine. {lodin. ^ss. Potassii
iodid. ^}, Alcohol. Oj. Dissolve. Ph. U. S.)
Dose, 10 to 30 drops.
TiNCTURA Jala'pii, T. Jala'pm, {Ph. U. S.) seu
Convol'vuli JalapcB, Vali'ga, Tincture of Jalap.
{Jalap, pulv. ^vi, Alcohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate
for 14 days, express, and filter. Ph. U. S.) It
may also be made by displacement. Cathartic.
Dose, f 3J to f 3iv.
TiNCTURA Jala'pii Compos'ita, Elixir Ja-
lap'a; Compos' itum seu purgans seu anthelmin'ti-
cum Sueco'rum, Essen'tia cathol'ica purgans Bo-
th'ii, (F.) Eau de vie Allemande. (Jalap. Ibss,
Scammon. ^j. Alcohol. (22°) Ovj. Macerate for
eight days. Ph. P.) Dose, 60 to 100 drops.
TiNCTURA Japonica, Tinctura catechu — t.
Kinoe kinae ffitherca composita, Tinctura cinehonae
aetherea composita — t. Kinkinae amara, Tinctura
cinchonao amara.
Tinctura Kino, Tincture of Kino. {Kino, in
pulv., ,5vj; Alcohol, dilut. q. s. Put the kino,
mixed with an equal bulk of sand, into a perco-
lator, and gradually pour on diluted alcohol
until f.^viij of filtered liquor pass. The tincture
should be renewed frequently, and kept in closely
stopped bottles. Ph. U. S.) Astringent. Dose,
Tinctu'ra KraMe'ri^, Tincture of Rhafany.
{Kramer, in pulv. ,^vj, alcohol, dilut. Oij. Mace-
rate for 14 days, express, and filter. Ph. U. S.)
It may also be prepared by displacement. Dose,
Tinctura Lactuca'rii, Tincture of Laetuea'-
riiim. {Lactucur. in pulv. ,^iv, Sp. tenuior. Oij.
(Imp. meas.) Best prepared by percolation.
Ph. E.) Dose, 30 minims to f^j.
Tinctura Lauri Cinnamomi, Tinctura cinna-
rnomi — t. Lavandulae composita, Spiritus lavand.
comp.
Tinctura Limo'nis, Tincture of Lemon peel.
(Linion. cort. ^^iiiss, Sp. tenuior. Oij. (Imp. meas.)
Macerate for 7 days, express and filter.s Ph. D.)
Dose, fgj to fgij.
Tinctu'ra Lobe'livE, Tincture of Lobelia.
{Label. 5iv, alcohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate for 14
days, express, and filter. Ph. U. S.) It may
also be prepared by displacement. Dose, fjj
to f^ij.
Tinctura Lobe'lIjE .Sthe'rea, Ethe'real Tinc-
ture of Lobe'lia. {Lobel. pulv. ^v, Sp. either,
sulph. Oij. (Imp. meas.) Ph. E. and L.) Dose,
same as the last.
Tinctura Lupdli, Tinctura Humuli, T. Lu-
pulinaj.
Tinctu'ra Lupui-i'n^, T. Lu'puli, (Ph. E.)
Tincture of Lu'puline. {Lupulin. ^iv, alcohol.
TINCTURA
918
TINCTURA
Oij. Macerate for 14 days, and filter. Ph. U. S.)
Dose, f^j to f^I^ij.
Ti.vcTURA LYTT^.Tincturacantharidis — t. Mar-
tis Glauberi, see Ferrura turtarizatuin — t. Mnrtis
in spiritd salis, Tinctura ferri inuriatis — t. Martis
Mynsic'hti, Tinctura ferri amuioniata — t. Martis
vinosa, Vinum ferri.
Tinctura Matico, Tincttire of MaU'co. {Matico
in pulv. crass. ,^viij, (avoird.) Sp. fennior. Oij.
(Imp. meas.) Macerate for 14 days, express,
and filter, f'h. D.) Dose, f.^j to f.:5iij.
Tinctura Mklampodii, Tinctura hellebori
nigri — t. Meloes vesicatorii, Tinctura eanth.aridis
— t. Metallorum, Liliuni Paracelsi — t. Miuiosae
catechu, Tinctura catechu.
Tinctura Moschi, Tincture or Essence of MuhIc.
(3funcli. in pulv. redact. ^'J- *P- "'"'' '""ct. Oj.
Dose, f 3J to f^i^-
Tinctura Myrrhs, Tincture of Myrrh, Simple
Tincture nf 3fyrrh. {Mi/rrh(S contusa? §iv, alco-
hol Oiij. Macerate for 14 days, and filter. Ph.
U. S.) Tonic, deobstruent, antiseptic, and deter-
gent. It is chiefly used in gargles, and applied
to foul ulcers, spongy gums, <fcc.
Hudson's Prenerrative for the Teeth and Otims
consists of Tinct. myrrh., li»ct. cinch., aq. cinnam.
aa 5'Ui *"" d'arquebusade ^j> pulv. gum. Arab.
§ss. M.
Tinctura Nervina Bestucheffii, Tinctura
seu alcohol sulphurico-a>thereus ferri — t. Nervina
Halensis, Tinctura seu alcohol sulphurico-aethe-
reus ferri — t. Nervino-tonica, Lainotte's, Alcohol
eeu Tinctura sulphurico-aethereus ferri.
Tinctura Nucis Vou'icje, Tincture of Nux
Vomica. {Alcohol, s. g. 8.37, f,^ j ; Dry Extract
of Nux Vomica, 3 gr.) Dose, gtt. v to xxx, in
cases where the nux vomica is indicated.
It is directed, in the last edition of the Ph. U.
S. (1851), to be prepared as follows: — Xucis vo-
viiccB rasur., §viij ; alcohol, Oij. Macerate for
14 days, express, and filter. It may also be pre-
pared by the process of displacement. Dose, gtt.
V to XX.
Tinctura Olei Menth.« Piperi't^, Tincture
of Oil of Peppermint, Essence of Peppermint.
(01. meiilhcB piperilcB, f.^ij. alcohol. Oj. Dissolve.
Ph. U. S.) Dose, 5 drops, as a carminative.
Tinctura Olei Mentha, Vir'idis, Tincture of
Spearmint, Essence of Spearmint, is made in the
same manner. I'h. U. S.
Tinctura O'pii, T. Theba'ica seu Sednti'va,
Theriaca cocles'tis, Al'cohol cum Opio, Tincture
of Opium, Liquid Lnu'dnnvm. (Opii pulv.
^ijss, alcohol, (lilut. Oij. Macerate for 14 days,
express, and filter. Ph. U. S.) Nineteen minims
contain about one grain of opium. Properties,
those of opium. Dose, gtt. xx to Ix and more.
By macerating the dregs remaining after making
the Tinctura Opii in. a solution of I'artaric Acid,
a solution is obtained, which is said to be devoid
of the e.xciting and constipating properties of the
tincture of opium. Gray calls it Haden's Liquor
Opii Sedati' VMS.
Tinctu'ra Opii Aceta'ta, Ac"etated Tincture
of Opium. (Opii ^ij ; aceti, f^xij ; alcohol. Oss.
Rub the opium with the vinegar; add the alco-
hol, and having macerated for 14 days, express
and filter. Ph. (J. S.) Twenty drops are equi-
valent to a grain of opium.
Tinctura Opii Ammokia'ta, Ammo'niated Tinc-
ture of Opium, Edinburgh Paregor'ic Elix'ir.
(Flor. benz., croci, aa ^iij, opii ^\j, ol anisi ^»s,
alcohol, ammoniat. f^xvj. Digest. Ph. E.)
f 5 contains one grain of opium. Used like the
Tinctura Camphora Composita.
Tinctura Opii Camphorata, Tinctura cara-
phorae composita — t. Plumbosa, Liquor Plumbi
Bubacetatis dilutus.
Tinctura Quas'sIjE, T. Quassia excel'scB,
Tincture nf Quassia. (QuasticB rasur. 'ij, al-
cohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, ex|ire>.-'.
and filter. Ph. {/, S.) It may also be prepared
by displacement. Tonic. Dose, f 3J to fpjij.
Tinctura Quas'si.e Compos'ita, Compound
Tincture of Qims'sia (Cardaui. Bern, cimlus..
Cocci contus. aa .^ss; Cinnam., Quasulai, aa 3*'j J
Uvar pasar, ^v\y, Sp. tenuior. Oij (Imp. nieii.s.).
Digest for 7 days; express and filter. M;iy be
prepared also by percolation. Ph. E.) D».-e, as
a tonic, f^j or f^ij.
TiNCTUR/K Quin>e Compos'ita, Compound Tine-
ture of Qui' nil. (Quinio'. sulph, ^v and J^j ;
Tinct. aurantii, Oij, (Imp. uieas.) Oij. Digest tor
7 days and filter. }'h. L.) fSJj, contains a grain
of the sulphate.
Tinctura Qui'nijE Sulpha'tis, Tincture of
Sulphate of Qiii'nia. (Sulphate of Qiiinia, gr. vj ;
alcohol, (-847) f^j. M.) Dose, f^j to f^iv, in
the day.
Tinctura Cincho'nicB Sulpha'tis may be made
in a similar manner. v
Tinctura Rhabarbari, Tinctura rhei — t. Rlia-
barbari composita, Tinctura rhei com[)osita — t.
Rhabarbari vinosa, Vinum rhei palmati.
TinCTUUA RlIKI, T. Rhabarb'iiri seu Rhahnr-
bari spirituo'sa seu lihici seu Rhei palnia'tl. Tinc-
ture of Rhubarb. (Rhei contus. ,^iij, carilam.
cont. ^ss, alcohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate for 14
days, express, and filter. It may also be pre-
pared by disjilacement. Ph. U. S) Stomacliic
or purgative, according to the dose employed :
f^j to 3'j, as a stomachic; f3'^' to ,^j, as a pur-
gative.
Tinctura Rhei Compcs'ita, T. Rhabarbari
composita. Compound Tincture of Jihubarb. (Rhei
rad. concis. ^ij, glycyrrhiz. rad. cont. 5*'^> ^"'-
gib. rad. concis., croci stigmat. aa 3'j' "'/"«
f^xij, sp. ten. Oj. Ph. L.) Properties same as
the last.
Tinctura Rhei et Al'oes, Elixir, sacrum,
Tincture of Rhubarb and. Aloes. (Rhei concis.
3x, aloes pulv. ,^vj, cardam. cont. ^ss, alcohol,
dilut. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, exjiress, and
filter. Ph. U. S.) Properties like the last.
Rymer's Car'diac Tincture consists of an infu-
sion of Capsicum, Camphor, Cardamom seeds.
Rhubarb, Aloes and Castor in Proof Spirit, with
a very small quantity of Sulphuric Acid.
Tinctura Rhei et GENTiA'NyE, Tinctura Rhei
Ama'ra, Tincture of Rhubarl) with Gen'lian.
(Rhei cont. ^ij, gentian, cont. ^ss, alcohol, dilut.
Oij. Macerate for 14 days, express and filter.
Ph. U. »S'.) It may also be prepared by displace-
ment. Properties same as the last.
Tinctura Rhei et SknNvE, Tincture of Rhu-
barb and Senna, Warner's Gout Cordial. (Rhei
cont. ^'}, sennm, ,^ij, coriandr. cont., frniciil.
cont. aa ^], santal. rasur. ^ij, croci, ejrt. glycyr-
rhiz. rad. aa ^'^s, war. passar. aeinis exeinptis,
tbss, alcohol, dilut. Oiij. Macerate for 14 days;
express and filter. Ph. U. S.) Dose, f^ss to
f|ij-
Tinctura Rh(ei, Tinctura rhei — t. Rhoei
amara, Tinctura rhei et geDtian% — t. Sacra, Vi-
num aloes.
Tinctura Sanguina'ri^, Tincture of Blood-
root. (Sanguinar. cont. ^iv, alcohol, dilut. Oij.
Macerate for 14 days, express, and filter. Ph. U.
S.) It may also be prepared by displacement.
Dose, 30 to 60 drops.
Tinctura Saponis Camphorata, Linimentum
saponis — t. Saponis et opii, Linimentum saponis
et opii.
Tinctura ScilLjE, Tincture of Squill. (Scillm
^^iv, alcohol, dilut. Oij. Macerate for 14 days,
express, and filter. It may also be made by dis-
placement. Ph. U. S.) Dose, gtt. XV to Ix.
Tinctura Sedativa, Tinctura opii.
TINCTURE
919
TINCTURE
TlNCTURA SksNvK, T. Sennce Compog'ita, Elixir
Salii' lis, Duffy' H Elixir, Tivrtitre of Senna. (Sen-
na; fill. ,^iij, cnrui Hem. cont. ^iij, cardnm. tern.
cont. 3J> iivariim padnarnm douiptis acinis, ^iv,
»;). ten. Oij. I'h. L. & I).) StouiacViic, carmina-
tive and cathartic. Dose, f^ij to f^j.
TlNCTiiii^; SENNiE ET Jai.a'p.*:, Tinclure <>f
Senna and Jalap. (Sennce ,^iij, jahi]). pulv. ^j,
coriandr. c<nit., carKicont., aa .^ss, cardain. cont.
gij, sacch. ^\v, alcohol, dilut. Oiij. Macerate for
14 days, express, and filter. I'h. U. S.) It may
also be prepared by displacement. Lose, f^ij
to f'SJ-
TiNCTUliA Skrfenta'ri^, T. Serpenta'riee seu
Vir(jinia'n(B seu Arintolochi' m Serpent aricp., Tinc-
ture of Snakerooot. (Had. serpent. ,^iij, alcohol,
dilut. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, express, and
filter. Ph. If. S.) It may also be prepared by
displacement. Tonic. Dose, f^ss to f^ij-
TlNCTURA Stomaciiica, Tinctura cardamomi
composita.
TlNCTURA StrAMO'nii, Tincture of Stramo'-
niiim. {Stramon. aem. cont. ^iv, alcohol, dilut.
Oij. Miiccrate for 14 days, express, and filter.
Ph. U. S.) It may also be prepared by displace-
ment. Dose, ten to twenty minims.
TlNCTURA Strych'nIjE, 'Tincture of Strych'ma.
{Alcohol, s. g. '837, Oj, Strychnia, gr. iij.) Dose,
6 drops to 24. Properties, tbose of strychnia.
TlNCTURA (seu Al'cohol) Sulphu'rico-.;T5thk-
REUS Fkrhi, GuticB nervi'ncB, Liquor Anud'ynus
Jl/artia'lia, Al'cohol cBthe'reuH ferrn'tus, Naj>h'tha
Vitrioli Martia'lis, Solntio Muriatii ferrici <gthe-
rea, Spir'itun nulphurico- athe'rcus tnartiaiie,
Tinctu'ra nervi'na Halen'sis seu Ton' ieo-nervi' na
Halen'sin seu au'rea seu nernina licstucheffii seu
iiervino-ton'ica (Lamotte's) seu athe'rea ferri,
^ther Martia'lis, De La Matte's Golden Drops,
Bestuchfff's Nervous Tincture, (F.) Elixir d' Or
de M. le General Be La Motte. An ethereal solu-
tion of muriate of iron. It is much used in gout,
hypochondriasis, <tc.
TlNCTURA SuLPHURis VoLATiLis, Liquor fu-
mans Boylii — t. Thebaica, Tinctura opii, Vinum
opii.
Tinctura ToLUiF'En.« Bal'sami, T. BaVaami
Toluta'ni, T. Toluta'ni (Ph. U. S., 1842.), T.
Toluta'na (Ph. U. 'i., 1851), Tincture of Balsam
of Tola, (Bals. Tolutan. ^iij, alcohol Oij.) Re-
puted to bo expectorant and corroborant. Dose,
f 3!=s to fjj) or more.
Tinctura Tonica Nervina Halensis, Tinc-
tura (seu Alcohol) sulphurico-setherea ferri.
Tinctura Valeria'NjK, Tincture of Valerian.
(Valerian, cont. ^iv, alcohol, dilut. Oij. Mace-
rate for 14 days, express, and strain. It may
also be prepared by displacement. Ph. U. S.)
Stimulant and antispasmodic. Dose, f^ss to f^ij.
Tinctura Valeriana Ammonia'ta, T. Valeri-
atXB Volat'ilis, Ammo'niated or J^j^ifiVe Tincture
of Valerian. ( Valeriante cont. ^\v, sp. amnion,
arom. Oij. Macerate for 14 days, express, and
filter. It may also be made by displacement.
Ph. U. S.) Like the former. Dose, f.^ss to f^ij.
Tinctura Vkra'tri, T. Veratri albi. Tincture
of White Hellebore. (Bad. veratri alb. cont.
^viij, alcohol, dilut. Oijss. Ph. E.) Emetic and
cathartic; but not very manageable. Dose, gtt.
T to X. „, i , . ^. ., .
Tinctura Zinoib'eris, T. Amo'mt Zingtberu,
Tincture of Ginger. (Zingib. cont. gviij, alcohol.
Oij. Macerate for 14 days, express, and filter.
It may also be made by displacement. Ph. U. S.)
Stimulant and carminative. Dose, f^ss to f^j.
TINCTURE, Tinctura — t. of Aconite, Tinctura
neoniti — t. of Aconite root, Tinctura aconiti ra-
(liciis — t. of Aloes, Tinctura aloes — t. of Aloes,
compounil, Tinctura aloes composita— t. of Aloes,
ethereal, Tinctura aloes ajtberea — t. of Ammonia,
compound, Spiritus ammonise succinatns — t. of
Angustura, Tinctura angusturae — t.,of Assafetida,
Tinctura assafoetidos — t. of Balsam of Tolu, Tinc-
tura toluiferae balsami — t. of Bark, Tinctura cin-
chonae — t. of Bark, ammoniated, Tinctura cin-
chonae ammoniata — t. of Bark, compound. Tinc-
tura cinchonae composita — t. of Bark, Huxham's,
Tinctura cinchonae composita — t. of Bark, vola-
tile, Tinctura cinchona; ammoniata — t. of Bella-
donna, Tinctura belladonnae — t. of Benzoin, com-
pound, Tinctura benzoini composita — t. Bestu-
chefF's, see Tinctura ferri muriatis — t. of Blistering
fly, Tinctura cantharidis — t. of Bloodroot, Tinc-
tura sanguinariae — t. of Buchu, Tinctura buchu
— t. of Camphor, compound, Tinctura camphorae
composita — t. of Cantharides, Tinctura cantha-
ridis — t. of Capsicum, Tinctura capsici — t. of
Cardamoms, Tinctura cardamomi — t. of Carda-
moms, compound, Tinctura cardamomi composita
— t. Cardiac, Rymer's, Tinctura rhei et aloes — t.
of Cascarilla, Tinctura casearillse — t. of Castor,
Tinctura castorei — t. of Castor, compound, Tinc-
tura castorei composita — t. of Catechu, Tinctura
catechu — t. of Cayenne pepper, Tinctura capsici
— t. of Cbiretta, Tinctura chiretta; — t. of Cin-
chona, Tinctura cinchonas — t. of Cinchona, com-
pound, Tinctura cinchonae composita — t. of Cin-
namon, Tinctura cinnamomi — t. of Cinnamon,
compound, Tinctura cinnamomi composita — t. of
Cochineal, Tinctura cocci cacti — t. of Colchicum,
compound, Spiritus colchici aiumoniatus — t. of
Colchicum seeds, Tinctura colchici — t. of Coluni-
bo, Tinctura calumbic — t. of Croton, Tinctura
crotonis — t. of Cubebs, Tinctura cubebaB — t. of
Digitalis, Tinctura digitalis — t. of Ergot, Tinc-
tura ergotae — t. of Ergot, ethereal, Tinctura er-
gotae aethere.a — t. of Galbanum, Tinctura galbani
— t. of Galls, Tinctura gallarum — t. of Gentian,
compound, Tinctura gentiana; composita — t. of
Ginger, Tinctura zingiberis — t. for the Gout, Dr.
Wilson's, see Colchicum autumnale — t. of Guaia-
cum, Tinctura guaiaci — t. of Guaiacum, ammo-
niated, Tinctura guaiaci ammoniata — t. of Guaia-
cum, volatile, Tinctura guaiaci ammoniata — t,
Hatfield's, see Tinctura guaiaci ammoniata — t.
of Hellebore, black, Tinctura hellebori — t. of
Hellebore, white, Tinctura veratri — t. of Hem-
lock, Tinctura conii — t. of Henbane, Tinctura
hyoscyami — t. of Hops, Tinctura humuli — t. of
Indian hemp, Tinctura cannabis Indicae — t. of
Iodine, Tinctura iodini — t. of Iodine, compound,
Tinctura iodini composita — t. of Iron, acetate of,
Tinctura ferri acetatis — t. of Iron, ammoniated,
Tinctura ferri ammoniata — t. of Iron, ammonio-
chloride of, Tinctura ferri ammonio-chloridi — t.
of Iron, muriated, Tinctura ferri muriatis — t. of
Jalaj), Tinctura jalapii — t. of Kino, Tinctura kino
— t. Klaproth's, see Tinctura ferri muriatis — t.
of Lactucarium, Tinctura lactucarii — t. of Lemon
peel, Tinctura limonis — t. of Lobelia, Tinctura
loheliae — t. of Lobelia, ethereal, Tinctura lobeliao
aetherea — t. of Ludwig, see Ferrum tartarizatum
— t. of Lupuline, Tinctura lupulin* — t. of Matico,
Tinctura matico — t. of Musk, Tinctura moschi —
t. of Myrrh, Tinctura myrrhae — t. Nervous, Bes-
tucheff's, Tinctura seu alcohol sulphurico-a'the-
reus ferri — t. of Nux vomica, Tinctura nucii?
vomicae — t. of Oil of Peppermint, Tinctura olei
menthae piperitae — t. of Oil of Spearmint, Tinc-
tura olei menthae viridis — t. of Opium. Tinctura
opii — t. of Opium, acetated, Tinctura opii acetata
— t. of Opium, ammoniated, Tinctura opii ammo-
niata— t. of Opium, camphorated, Tinctura cam-
phorae composita — t. of Orange peel, Tinctura
aurantii — t. of Quassia, Tinctura quassia^ — t. of
Quassia, compound, Tinctura quassiue composita
— t. of Quinia, sulphate of. Tinctura quinije sul-
phatis — t. of Quinia, compound, Tinctura quiniae
couiposita — t. of Rhatany, Tinctura krameriae—
TINDER
920
TISSUE
t. of Hhiibarl), Tinctura rhei — t. of Rhubarb and
aloes, Tiiu-tura rhei et aloes — t. of Rhubarb, com-
pound, Tinctura rhei coinposita — t. of Rhubarb
iind gentian, Tinctura rhei et gentianie — t. of
Rhubarb and senna, Tinctura rhei et sennas — t.
(if Saffron, Tinctura croci sativi — t. of Saffron,
compound, Tinctura de croco couiposita — t. of
i^enna, Tinctura senna- — t. of Senna and jalap,
Tinctura sennaj et jalapas — t. of Snake root, Tinc-
tura serpentariie — t. of Soap, camphorated, Lin-
imentum saponis — t. of Spanish fly, Tinctura
lantharidis — t. of Spearmint, Tinctura olei men-
tliae viridis — t. of Squill, Tinctura scillae — t. of
Steel, Tinctura ferri niuriatis — t. Stomach, Tinc-
tura cardamomi composita — t. of Stramonium,
Tinctura stramonii — t. of Strychnia, Tinctura
sirychnias — t. for the Teeth, Greenough's, see
Spiritus armoracife compositus — t. Toothache,
Tinctura antiodontalgica — t. of Valerian, Tinctura
valerianiB — t. of Valerian, ammoniated, Tinctura
Valerianae ammoniata — t. of Valerian, volatile,
Tinctura Valerianae ammoniata — t. of Wormwood,
compound, Tinctura absinthii composita.
TINDER, Boletus igniarius.
TINEA, Porrigo — t. Faciei, Porrigo larvalis —
t. Favosa, Porrigo favosa — t. Ficosa, Porrigo
scutulata — t. Furfuracea, Porrigo furfurans — t.
Granulata, Porrigo scutulata, Porrigo lupinosa —
t. Lactea, Porrigo larvalis — t. Lupina, Porrigo
lupinosa — t. Mucosa, Porrigo lupinosa — t. Porri-
ginosa, Porrigo furfurans — t. Tarsi, Ophthalmia
tarsi — t. Tondens, Porrigo decalvans.
TINGLING, from tiunire, 'to jingle.' (Sc.)
Dirlititj. A sharp, purring or thrilling sensation,
not always painful.
TINKER'S WEED, Triosteum.
TINKLING, METALLIC, Tiutement metal-
lic ne.
TINNIMENTUM METALLICUM, Tiutement
vietdlliqiie.
TINNI'TUS AU'RIUM, {tinnio, tiunitum, 'to
tinkle,') ' ringing of the ears.' Fluctua'tio seu
Soii'itus seu Siisur'rus seu Sib'ili(s seu Strep'itus
seu Sibilismns au'ritim, Paracu'sis imiigina'ria,
Ote'ehuK, Syrig'mus, Si/riiKj'nios, Sibilits clango'-
sim, Echon, Eneche'ma, Bombtin, Biinibitdtio, Mur-
mur, (F.) Tivtemcnt, T. d'OreiUe, Tiiitottin, Boiir-
rloiiiiement, Bruisiement. An imaginary sound,
like the ringing of a bell, the noise of wind, the
jiiurmur of water, <fec., heard in health and in sick-
ness. It is, often, an accompaniment of cerebral
disorder.
TINTEMENT, Tinnitus aurium— «. Bullaire,
T. metalllqne.
TINTEMENT 3fETALLlQUE(¥.), Cliquetie
nietalliqite, Tiutement bullaire, Tinnimei>'tum me-
liil'licum, Cnnnr stethoscop'icus, Metallic Respira-
tion, 3fetallic Voice, Metallic Tin/cling. A par-
ticular noise, heard by the stethoscope when ap-
plied to the chest, and which, according to La-
ciinec, resembles that caused by striking glass,
metal, or porcelain, with a pin ; but is, perhaps,
more like the sound of the keys of a musical
snuff-box. The tiutement viitallique or metallic
tinkling is heard on causing the patient to speak
or breathe ; but is more distinct when he coughs.
■\\'hen the phenomenon is not so strongly marked,
it produces only the metallic resonance. The
' metallic tinkling' is a pathognomonic symptom
of a communication between the bronchia and
cavity of the chest; in other words, of Pneumo-
thorax.
TINTEMENT D' OREILLE, Tinnitus au-
rium.
TINTINNABULUM, Uvula.
TINTOUIN, Tinnitus aurium.
TIPFOOT, see Kyllosis.
TIPSARIA, Deeoctum hordei.
TIRE-BALLE, Forceps (bullet.)
TIRE-FOND (F.). A surgical instrument,
formerly used to elevate the piece of bono sawed
off by the trephine.
TIRE-Prs, Pyulcon.
TIRE-T^TE (F.). A name given to different
instruments used for extracting the head of the
child when left in the uterus, and in certain cases
of difficult labour. The crotchet is one of those,
as well as the Tire-lete d buvcule of Levret, Ac.
TIRES, Milk sickness.
TISANE, Pti'saiia or Ptis'sana, Plihane, from
TcTtaavri, 'pearl barley,' itself from nrcaow, 'I de-
corticate.' (F.) Hydrole. A name given to
aqueous medicines, containing but little, if any,
medicinal agent. The ancients gave the name
particularly to the decoction of barley.
TISANE COMMUNE, Deeoctum hordei.
TISANE DE FELTZ. A celebrated anti-
syphilitic, formed of sareaparillu, ixinglasii, sul-
phuret of antimony and water, boiled together.
According to some, bichloride of mercury; and,
to others, arsenic enters into its composition. M.
Rayer, supposing that it acts by the arsenic it eon-
tains, proposes to replace it by arseniate of potassa;
and Guibourt, who is of the same opinion, by ar-
senious acid, in order to ensure certaintj- of action.
TISIC, Phthisis.
TISICAL, Phthisicus.
TISSICK, see Phthisic.
TISSU, Tissue — t. Accidental, see Accidental,
and Tissue, accidental — t. Cai-emeux, Cavernous
texture — t. Celluleux den us, Cancelli — t. Cmijonc-
tif. Cellular tissue — t. luodulaire, Tissue, inodu-
lar — t. Jauue, see Fibrous — t. Lardace, see Lar-
daceous — t. Spougo'ide, Spongoid tissue.
TISSUE, Tex'tus, Tela, (F.) Tist'u. By this
term, in anatomy, is meant the various parts,
which, by their union, form the organs ; and are,
as it were, their anatomical elements. Histological
anatomy is the anatomy of the tissues, which are
the seat of the investigations of the pathological
anatomist. The best division, indeed, of diseases
would be according to the tissues mainly impli-
cated. For the elementary tissues, seo Fibre.
The compound tissues, which, by associating or
combining variously, form every organ of the
body, have been variously classed : but every
division is imperfect and liable to objection. The
following, by Messrs. Todd and Bowman, is one
of the most recent.
Tabiilar Vniw of the Tissues of the Human Body.
Examphs,
1. Simple membrane, homoifene-l Posterior layer of
ous, or nearly so. empioyed I '*'? cornea Cap-
alone, or iu the formation off ^"''-' °* '*'" '«"'•-
compound membranes. J-arco uinnia of
J muscle. &c.
2. Filamentous Tissues, the ele-l Wliitc and yellow
mcnts of which are real or > fibrous tissues. —
apparent filaments. j Areolar tissue.
3. Compound membranes, oom-~) ,, ,
posed of simple membrane P'"™".' '"'^S"'""«
and a layer of cells of various ~' '''^'."•— -l rue or
forms, (epithelium or epider- f s<'"-en'>g i? ands.
mis.) or of areolar tissue and "^"""^ and syn-
epithelium. J °'''"' membraues.
4. Tissues which retain the pri- 1 Adipose tissue. —
mitive areolar structure as > Cartilage. — Gray
their permanent character, j nervous matter.
5. Sclerous or hard tissue. Boue. — Teeth.
6. Compound tissues.
a. Composed of tubes of homogc-1
neous membrane, containing vllu.scle. — Nerve.
a peculiar substance. j
h. Composed of white fibrous tis- ( „-, ..,
sues and cartilage. j ^'broKJartilage.
Tissue, Accidental or AnvENTiTioiis, consists
of every substance — foreign to the primitive or-
ganization of the economy, but yet organized sind
living — which may be develojted in the anterior
or at the surface of organs. Laennec divides the
accidental tissues into two sections : 1. Thoso
TIT
921
TONGUE
that resemble others in the animal economy, or
fiiialotjouH uccideiital tineuci ; and, 2. Those that
have nothing analogous in tlic hody, and which
are always the result of a morbid process — the
heleinlotjowi or heleroclite aicitleiitttl tinKiien. To
the first class belong, ossifications; accidental
fibrous, fibro-cartilaginous, cartilaginous, areolar,
and corneous tissues ; hairs ; the serous mein-
liranes of certain encysted tumours ; the mucous
membranes of fistulous canals, and accidental
eynovial membranes. To the second belong tu-
bercles, scirrhi, melanosis, <fec.
Tissue, Aheolar, Cellular tissue.
Tissue, Cartilag"inous, Bymenochondro'deH
seu Nymenochondrtn'des {Texttira seu Tela.)
Tissue, Connkctive, Cellular tissue — t. Crib-
riform, Cellular tissue — t. Fibrous, see Fibrous —
t. Filamentous, Cellular tissue.
Tissue Fohmatio.n, Histogeny.
Tissue, I.nod'ulau, Tela iuodidn'rh, (F.) Ino-
dide, Tinsn iiiodidaire. A name given by Del-
pech to an accidental fibrous tissue developed in
suppurating wounds, which is the principal agent
in cicatrization. It has, at first, the appearance
(if a reddish cellulo-fibrous layer; but soon loses
its vascularity ; and its fibres, which pass in all
directions, become of a dull white colour, and of
a consistence and hardness, that may be com-
pared to those of the strongest articular liga-
ments. It is well seen in the cicatrix left after
burns.
Tissue, Laminated, Cellular tissue — t. Liga-
mentous, Desmoid tissue — t. Mucous, Cellular
tissue — t. Porc)us, Cellular tissue — t. Reticulated,
Cellular tissue. ^
TIT, Nipple.
TITHKNE, Nurse.
TITIIYMALUS CYPARISSTAS. Euphorbia
cyparissias — t. Lathyris, Euphorbia lathyris — t.
Latifolius, Euphorbia lathyris — t. Palustris, Eu-
phorbia palustris — t. Paralias, Euphorbia para-
lias.
TITILLAMENTUM, Gargarism.
TITILLATION, Tickling.
TITTHE, Nipple.
TITTIIION, Nipple.
TITTIIIS, Nipple.
TITTllOS, Mamma, Nipple.
TITTY, Mamma, Nipple.
TITUBANTIA, Bredouilhment.
TITUBATIO, Fidgets, Vacillatio— t. Linguae,
Balbuties.
TJETTEK, Upas ticutg.
TO-AND-FRO-SOUND, Brn!t de frottement.
TOAD-FLAX, Antirhinum linaria — t. f. Bas-
tard, Comandra uuibellata.
TOAST-WATER, Aqua tostm pmiis. Toast
■well half a slice of a stale quartern loaf; put it
into a pitcher, and pour over it a quart of water.
After two hours, decant the water from the bread.
It is a common drink in febrile afi"ections.
TOBACCO, Nicotiana tabacum — t. English,
Nicotiana rustica — t. Indian, Lobelia inflata —
(. Poison, Ilyoscyamus niger — t. Wild, Lobelia
inflata, Nicotiana rustica.
TOCETOS. Parturition.
TOCODOMYCODORITIS MALIGNA VAGI-
NALIS, Colpocace puerperarum.
TOCOLOGY, Obstetrics.
TOCOS, Parturition.
TODDY. A name given, by the English, to
sweet, delicious and refreshing liquors procured
in India by wounding the npitthcB of certain
palms. The best is obtained from the Cocos nu-
cifera. — Ainslie.
It is obtained in large quantities from Sague'-
nu mic'chitrifer sea Humphii, Pnlma In'dica ri-
ua'ria secuu'dn, Sa</iie'rus seu Gomu'ttis Gumu'to,
Areii'</n saccTiari/'era, Gonnito palm. It is called,
also, Neva, and, by boiling, yields a coarse kind
of sugar, called Jayijerij. The inhabitants of the
Moluccas used, in their wars, a liquor obtained
by macerating the fruit, which the Dutch called
Ucll icater, Aqua infenia'lia.
Toddy is also the common name for a mixture
of spirit and water sweetened.
Tonnv Tree, Mamei.
TOE, Digitus pedis.
TOEPLITZ, see Toplitz.
TOFUS, Tophus.
TOILE D' A RAW NEE, Aranea tela— <. Cho-
ro'idicinie, see Choroid — t. de Guutiev, Sparadra-
pum Galteri.
TOKAS, Puerpera.
TOKEN, PLAGUE, Plague token.
TOKOLOGY, Obstetrics.
TOLA, Tonsil.
TOL'ERANCE. Tideran'tia; from tolerare, 'to
bear.' The power of bearing. A word used by
the Italian school of Rasori, to signify the power
of bearing large doses of certain potent remedies,
as tartrate of antimony and potassa. See Con-
tro-stimulus.
TOLES, Tonsil.
TOLIUM, Tonsil.
TOLLES, Tonsil.
TOLLUM, Tonsil.
TOLUIF'ERA BAL'SAMUM. iVyror'ylon sen
Jlfyioipernium Toluif'erum. Ord. Leguminosae.
Stx. Syut. Decandria Monogynia. The name of
the tree which aff"cirds the Balsam of Tulii, Bal-
eaiiinni Toluia'mim (Ph. U. S.), Toliila'iitun, To-
Inif'ercK Bahanii Bahamum, Goac'oiiaz, Bed Bal-
sam of Peru, (F.) Baunie de Tulu, B. de Cartha-
(/eiie ou d'Anierique ou de Saiut Thimias. It has
a very fragrant odour, and warm, sweetish taste;
is thick, and of a reddish-yellow colour. It ia
stimulant and expectorant [?], and is used in
coughs. It is chiefly, however, employed on ac-
count of its flavour.
TOLUTANUM, see Toluifera balsamum.
TOMACINUM, Isicium.
TOMACULUM, Isicium.
TOM ATA, Solanum lycopersicum.
TOMATO, Solanum lycopersicum.
TO.MG, Tom' us, Toftr), Touoi, 'incision.' A com-
mon suffix, as in Lithofowi^, Broncho<o7Hy, <tc.
ToMR, Cut, Incision.
TOMETON, Knife.
TOMEN'TUM CER'ERRL from tomenfum, 'a
flock of wool.' The infinite number of small ves-
sels which pass between the pia mater and con-
volutions of the brain. They enter the substance
of the brain at right angles.
TOMEUS, Knife.
TOMIS, Scissors.
TOMOTOCIA. Csesarean section.
TOM-TOE, Pollex. see Digitus pedis.
TONE, Tonus, Toioi, from tovoui, 'I brace or
give vigour.' The state of tension or firmness
proper to each organic tissue. It is the effect of
tonicity.
Tone, see Elasticity.
TONGA, see Datura sangninea.
TONGRES, MINERAL WATERS OF. The
town of Tongres is about a league from IMaes-
tricht in the Low Countries. The springs, of
which there are several, are chalybeate, contain-
ing carbonates of iron and magnesia.
T0N(5UE, Sax. runs. (D.) Tong, Lingua,
Glossa, Glotta, (F.) Lauf/ue. The tongue is a
muscular, symmetrical, and very mobile organ ;
situate in the mouth, from the os hyoides and
epiglottis to the incisor teeth. Its particular use
is, to procure the sensation of savours; and it
aids in the acts of sucking, mastication, degluti-
tion, pronunciation, and expuition. It has the
TONIC
922
TOOTH
shape of a jiyramid, flattened above and below ;
rounded at its angles, and terminated, anteriorly,
by a blunt point. Its upper surface, called the
dorsum, is free, flat, and divided into two portions
by a median furrow, lin'ea media' iia; at the pos-
terior extremity of which is the foramen ccecuin
or Foramen of Jforya(/iii. The inferior surface
is free, and covered by the mucous membrane on
its anterior third and sides: but behind and in
the middle it is attached to the lower jaw by
means of the genio-glossus ; and to the hyoides
by the hyoglossus. Its mart/ius are rounded ;
thick behind, thinner anteriorly. Its tip, or point,
or dental extremity is rounded and free: — the
root, base, or hyoid extremity, Radix lingucB, is
continuous with the epiglottis and velum palati.
It is very thick at the foramen caecum ; but thin-
ner as it approaches the hyoid bone. The tongue
is composed of muscles, and covered by a mucous
membrane — Periylot'tis, Involu'crum liuguce,
Jtfembra'na seu Tu'nica vagiua'lis seu Cutis seu
Epider'mis seu Tu'nica seu Involu'crum muco'sum
seu Crusta villo'sa lingua — which forms also the
fraenum beneath the tongue. On this membrane
are seen the different papillm. The nerves of the
organ proceed from the inferior maxillary, glosso-
j)harynrjeal and hypoglossal. The first and second
are connected with taste; the last with the mo-
tions of the organ. Some recent observers, how-
ever, consider the glosso-pharyngeal to be the
special nerve of gustation. The arteries are the
lingual, from the external carotid ; and the ]iala-
tine and tonsillar, from the labial. The veins
are the superfcialis lingua, ranina, lingnalis, and
suhmentalis. They open into those of the pharynx
and larynx. Its lymphatic vessels pass into gang-
lia, situate at the edge of the hyoglossi muscles.
Tongue, Black. A fever which prevailed in
the Western States in the winter of 1842-3; pro-
bably typhoid fever. According to some, an epi-
demic erysipelas.
Tongue, Hernia op the, Glossocele — t. In-
flammation of the, Glossitis — t. Red, fever, see
Typhus.
Tongue Scraper, Cure-langue — t. Tie, see
Ankyloglossum.
TON'IC, Ton'icns, (F.) Tonique. Same ety-
mon as Tone. Relating to tone.
Tonic, Ton'icns, Tono'ticns, Antastken'ieua, (F.)
Tonique, Fortifiant, in Therapeutics, means a
medicine, which has the power of exciting slowly.
and by insensible degrees, the organic actions of
the different systems of the animal economy, and
of augmenting their strength in a durable man-
ner. Bitter, vegetable substances which are not
associated with an acrid or narcotic principle;
preparations of iron ; cold water, &o., act as
tonics. They are also called Comfortan' tia, Con-
fortnti'va, Corroboran' tia, Oonfrman'tia, Robo-
ran'tia, <fee.
The following are the chief Tonics: — Acidum
Arseniosum, Acidum Nitricum, Acidum Sulphu-
ricum, Argenti Nitras, Bismuthi Subnitras, Carbo
Ligni, Cascarilla, Cinchona, Cinchonia, Colomba,
Cornus Florida, Cupri Acetas, Cupri Sulphas,
Cuprum ammoniatum, Cusparia, Eupatorium per-
foliatura, Ferri Praeparata, Gentiana, Lirioden-
dron, Lupulina, Piperina. Prunus Virginiana,
Quassia, Quinia, Salix, Salicina, Serpentaria, Zinci
praeparata ; Aquae minerales acidulae et ferrugi-
niae, Mental Tonics, (Confidence, Hope, Amuse-
ment.)
Tonic Power, Irritability.
Tonic Spasm, Spasmus tou'icus, Oonvnl'sio to-
nica, Conductio, S/jas'ticns, Tonos, Ento'nia, En'-
tasis, Enta'sia. A rigid contraction of muscles
without relaxation, as in trismus, tetanus, Ac.
See Tetanus and Spasm.
TONICITY, Tonic"itaa. Same etymon as
Tone. The faculty that determines the general
tone of the solids. Excessive tonicity causes
er' elitism or crispness ; deficient tonicity, atony
or weakness. Tonicity has been used iu the same
sense as irritability.
TONIQUE, Tonic.
TONKA BEAN, Dipterix odorata.
TON ODES, Tensive.
TONOS, Tonic spasm — t. Trismus, Trismus.
TONOTICUS, Tonic.
TONSIL, Tonsil'la, Amyg'daJa, Paristh'min,
Paristh'minm, Amplribran'chium, (llau'dulo colli.
Tola, Tolles, Tohs, To'lium, ToUum, Spon.jns,
An'tias, PI. Anti'ndcs, Almond of tlie ear, Ahuond
of the throat, (F.) Amygdale, Tonsille, (Prov.)
Ear-kecker. An ovoid collection of follicles,
about half an inch in length, similar in sha|)e to
an almond, and situate, on each side, between
the pillars of the velum palati. The inner sur-
face, projecting into the isthmus of the throat, is
covered by the mucous membrane, in which are
the orifices of a dozen cells, whence a transparent,
viscid mucus oozes on pressure. This mucus is
destined to facilitate deglutition, by lubricating
the isthmus faucium ; and is forced out during
the passage of the alimentary bolus.
TONSIL-GUILLOTINE, Amygdalatomo.
TONSILLE PESTILENTES, Cynanche ma-
ligna.
TONSILLARUM GANGR^NA, Cynanche
maligna.
TONSILLE, Tonsil.
TONSILLIT'IC, Tonsillit'icus. Belonging or
relating to the tonsils ; as the 'tonsillitic branches
of the glosso-pharyngeal nerve.'
TONSILLITIS, Cvnanche tonsillaris.
TONSIL L 0 TOME, A mygdala tome.
TONSORIUS CULTER, Razor.
TOODLE, Tooth.
TOOTH. Sax. co», Dens, Odous, (Prov.) Too.
die, (F.) Dent. The teeth, Dentes, llord'ices, are
small, hard bones, fixed in the alveoli of each
jaw, and serving to lay hold of, and to cut, tear,
and triturate alimentary substances. True teeth
are found only in man, the mammalia, reptiles,
and fish. The teeth have, in general, the shape
of an irregular cone, the base of which is towards
the interior of the mouth; and the aj)ex, single
or divided, towards the bottom of the alveoli.
Each tooth has a part situate out of the alveolus,
and covered by a vitriform substance. This part
is called the crown or coro'na. It is bounded by
a narrower portion, called the cervix, (F.) collet,
which separates it from the portion in the alveo-
lus— the fang or root, (F.) racine. In the adult,
the teeth are 32 in number; 16 to each jaw:
these consist of 4 incisors, 2 canine, 4 bicuspidati,
and %molares. (See these various terms.) The
teeth enclose a vascular and nervous pulp, in a
central cavity, Cav'itae f'ulpa-, Cavum Dentis,
Antrum denta'le. They are formed of a very
hard, compact tissue ; and the corona is covered
by a vitreous substance called Enam'cl. The
incisor and canine teeth are developed by a sin-
gle point of ossification ;• the lesser molares, by
two ; and the larger, by four or five. See Denti-
tion. Researches by Retzius, Miiller and others,
have led them to believe that, the ivory of the
tooth or Dentine, Ebar, Substan'tia os'sea of Mal-
pighi, proper tooth substance, bone of the tooth,
osseous substance of tooth, tooth bone, consists of
tubular fibres, which contain organic deposits of
calcareous salts; and of intertubular substance,
in which are observed corpuscles or osseous cells
of the tooth, called, by Professor Owen, calcig"-
erous cells, which also contain earthy salts. At
the part where the enamel terminates at the cer-
vix of the tooth, the crusta petro'sa, remeu'lum or
cortical substance, commences in an extremely
TOOTH-ACn
923
TORULA CEREVISI.E
thin stratum, passes down and gradually in-
creases in thickness towards the extremity of the
root, where it is generally the thickest. It is
said by Nasmyth to have been traced on the ena-
mel, and Purkinje and Frankel thought that it
lined the cavitas pulpae. They gave it the name
SitbiI'Dilid osto'idea. It is the mate'n'a tnrta'rea
of Mal|)ighi. It has been found, however, that
the hard substance deposited on the inner sur-
face of the dentine, at the age of twenty years or
later, and which encroaches on the cavity, has a
distinct structure from the cement, and resembles
in part dentine, and in part bone. It is the horny
tiihHtdiice of Blumenbach, the oHtendenthie of
Owen, and the secottdnri/ dentine of Tomes. In
the compound teeth of the herbivorous animal, a
deposition is found on the surface of the enamel,
which has been called cenientnm. Miiller, how-
ever, regards it to be a deposit from the salts and
the saliva, and to be essentially the same as what
is called tartar in the human sul)ject.
TOOTH-ACII, Odontalgia— t. Bone, see Tooth
— t. Bush, Xanthoxylum fraxineum — t. Tree,
Aralia spinosa, Xanthoxylum clava Herculis.
TOOTH EDGE, Af/ncement den dentn, Ilaemo-
dia — t. Paste, Dentifricium — t. Powder, Denti-
frice — t. Rash, Strophulus — t. Shell, dog-like,
Dentiilium.
TOPJIA'CEOUS, TopTin'ceuH, (F.) Tophaci;
from (dphuK. Relating or belonging to tophus, —
as ' a tdphaceoiiii concretion.'
TOPHACEOUS CONCRETION, Tophus.
TOPHUS, TO(/iof, To/ill, 'a porous or friable
Btone.' Onteot'ophus, Topha'cennn Concretion. A
collection of hard, calcareous matter, which forms,
particularly, at the surface of joints affected with
gout; (see Calculi, arthritic,) and occasionally,
in the interior of organs, around the teeth, &c.
It likewise meant gravel, and chalaza.
TOP'IC, Top'ical, Top'icHH. From ro-Koq, locus,
'a place.' A local application; (F.) Tojn'que.
See Local.
TOPICUS, Local.
TOPINARIA, Talpa.
TO PIQUE, Topic.
TOPLITZ or TEPLITZ, MINERAL WA-
TERS OF. Toplitz is a town of Bohemia, cele-
brated for its numerous thermal springs. The
water contains chloride of sodium : carbonate,
and sulphate of soda; and carbonates of lime and
iron. Ac. Temp. 114° to 122° Fahr.
TOPOGRAPHICAL ANATOMY, see Ana-
tomv.
TOQUE. Scutellaria galericulata.
TOR'CULAR, Tourniquet. A press for wine,
oil, or cider. From torqueo, 'I twist.'
Tor'cuLAR Hkropii'ilI, Prena of JTernph'ilus,
Lechenei'on, Lenoa, Lenum, Fourth Sinua, (F.)
Conjluent dea Sinua, Preasoir d'Herophile. A
smooth and polished cavity, of irregular shape,
in which several sinuses of the dura mater meet.
It is situate before the internal occipital protube-
rance, at the union of the three great duplicatures
of the dura mater. It has six openings into it;
— one above, that of the superior longitudinal
sinus ; two below, answering to the occipital si-
nuses ; one anterior, belonging to the straight
sinus; and two lateral, and very broad, which
lead into the lateral sinuses ; and convey from
the cavity the blood that has been poured into it
by the others.
TORCULUM, Tourniquet.
TORDYL'IUM, T. Officinn'le, Sea'eli Cret'i-
etim sou ^fnuta'n>lm, (F.) Sfseli de Crete. Familij,
UmbelliferiB. Sex. S;/at. Pentandria Digynia.
The seeds and roots of this Southern European
plant are considered carminative and diuretic.
They enter into the theriaca.
TORE'NIA ASTAT'ICA, Cala-dolo. A small
Malabar plant, the juice of whose leaves, sweet-
ened with sugar, is said to cure gonorrhoea.
TORMENTIL, Geranium maculatum, Tor-
mentilla.
TOR.MENTIL'LA, T. erec'ta seu sylvea'tria seu
officimi'lia seu tuhero'an, Frofja'rin tormentil'la
officina'lis, Potentilln tormentilta, Heptaphi/t'him,
Conaol'ida rubra. Common Tor'mentil, Uprii/ht
Sept/oil, (F.) Tormenti/le. Ord. Rosaceae. Sex.
Synt. Icosandria Polygynia. The root Tormen-
tilla (Ph. U.S.) has a slightly aromatic odour;
and austere, styptic taste. It is astringent. Dose,
of the powder, gr. x to ^j.
TORMENTUM, Ileus, Intussusceptio.
TOR'MINA, Strophoa, Caliol'ipa, Encwlinl'.
gia, Anile'ma, Anile'sia, Gripes, MuIUgruha. Fret-
ting, (F. ) Trancheea. From torqueo, 'I twist.'
Acute colicky pains. Dysentery.
Tormina Celsi, Dysentery — t. Parturientium,
Pains, labour — t. Post partum, see Pains, labour.
TORNACULUM, Tourniquet.
TOROS'ITAS, Corpulen'tin carno'sn, Hah'itua
athlet'icus. Muscular strength; from toronua,
' brawny,' — torvs, ' brawn.'
TOROSUS, Muscular.
TORPEDO, Narcosis.
TORPEFACTIO UNIVERSALIS, Holonar-
cosis.
TORPID, Tor'pidua, (F.) Engourdi ; from tor-
peo, ' I am benumbed.' Numb. Incapable of
exertion and of feeling. Dull, stupid, inactive.
TORPIDITAS, Torpor.
TORPIDUS, Narcotized, Torpid.
TORPOR, Torpid'itas, Nolh' rotes, Pnrap'sia
expers, (F.) Engourdiasement, from torpeo, 'I am
benumbed.' State of a part which becomes numb,
and almost incapable of motion. Torpor, Tor-
pid'ity, Torpid'ness, Tor'pitude are also applied
to a debilitated, sluggish condition of a part,
or of the whole of the body ; Aer'gia, (F.) Aecii-
hlement.
Torpor, Narcosis — t. of the Colon, see Colon,
torpor of the — t. Intestinorum, Constipation — t.
Soporificus, Nocar.
TORQUAY. A town in Devonshire, England,
which, on account of the mildness of its climate,
and its sheltered situation from the bleaker winds,
is a frequent retreat for the phthisical invalid.
TOR'SION, Tor'aio. From torquere, tortnm, ' to
twist.' The act of twisting. Torsion of the ex-
tremities of bleeding vessels — Angios'trophe —
until the blood ceases to flow, is sometimes used
to arrest hemorrhage.
TORSK, see Oleum jecoris aselli.
TOR TELLE, Erysimum.
TORTICOL'LIS. Cfiput seu CoUum olsti'pum,
Obsti'pa cervix. Obstip'itas cap'itis seu Colli,
Trachel'ngra, Enta'aia Loxin, Lox'ins, Cephn-
lox'ia, Ancylode're, Ancylode'ria, lihabocm'.
Ilia, Anchenorrheu'ma, llheumntis'mua colli seu
cervi'cia, Stiffnech, Wryneck, (Vroy.) Slab; from
torquere.tortum, 'to twist,' and collum, ' the neck.'
A variety of rheumatism, seated in the muscles
of the neck, which prevents the motion of the
head, and causes the patient to hold it inclined to
the side affected. It is, commonh', of short du-
ration ; usually disappearing in a few days. Ru-
befacients are the best topical applications. The
term is also applied to permanent contraction of
the muscles of the neck, which causes the head
to be held to one side. The remedy is the divi-
sion of the contracted muscles.
TORTOISE, FRESHWATER, GREAT, Hy-
draspis expansa.
TORTUE, Testudo.
TORTURA ORIS, Canine laugh. Neuralgia
faciei — t. Oris paralvtica Ijinnwi, Paralysis, Bell's.
TOR'ULA CEREVIS'I^, Saccharom'yceas^yx
TORULUS GLANDIS
924
TRACHELISMUS
Mycoder'ma cerevisicE, Cryplococ'cun fermenl'xim
geu cereviiia;, (¥.) Chnmpiyiion dn fertnent, Yeant
plant. One of the simplest forms of vegetation,
capable, under favourable circumstances, of vege-
tating rapidly, and assisting in producing the
fermentation of saccharine substances. The
plant has been found in vomited fluids, and in
ikces.
TORULUS GLANDIS, Crown of the glans,
TORUS, Muscle — t. Manfls, Metacarpus.
TO'l'A BONA, Chenopodiura bonus Henricus.
TOTSU KASO, Sphaeria Sinensis.
TOTTY, Verti>;in.)us.
TOTUM CARNOSUM, Pancreas.
TOUCH, Tnctus, Tac'tio, Haphe, ffapsia, Tac'-
ti'oii, Palpa'tion, (F.) Toucher. One of the five
senses, and that which makes known to us the
palpable qualities of bodies, such as their con-
sistence, quality, &c. It is seated, particularly,
in the hands; and differs from tact in being
active. See Esaphe, and Palpation.
' To touch the mouth with mercury' is to pro-
duce the constitutional effects of that agent, as
evinced by the falling away of the gums, &c.
Touch-me-not, Impatiens fulva.
Touch, Royal. It was atone time almost uni-
versally believed, in England, that the royal touch
Would remove Scrofula or Kiug'g Evil (as it was
thence called). This superstition is now entirely
exploded. Edward, the Confessor, was the first
English king who touched for the Evil.
TOUCHER, Esaphe, Touch — *. Vaginal,
Esaphe.
TOUCHWOOD, Boletus igniarius.
TOUR DE MAITRE, Coup de Maltre.
TOURBILLON VASCULAIRE, Vasa vaso-
rum.
TOURNESOL, Heliotropium Europaeum.
TOURNTOLE, Paronychia.
TOUR'NIQUET, Tor'cular, Tor'culum, Tor-
vnc'ulum, Proe'lium, Prcp.'linm, Pr(p,'liuni seu Pre-
lum arteria'le. Verticil' lum, Faa'cia tor'tilie, from
(F.) tourner, 'to turn.' A surgical instrument
for stopping the course of blood in the limbs, by
exerting a strong compression upon the principal
artery. It was invented by a French surgeon,
Morel, in the middle of the 17th century; and
was modified subsequently, by Nuck, Verduc,
Monro, Petit, and Louis. It is used to suspend,
for a time, the circulation in a limb, during great
operations ; to arrest arterial hemorrhage in cases
of wounds ; to compress certain aneurismal and
other tumours, <tc.
TOUS-LES-MOIS, Am'ylum cannn'ceiim,
C'lnnn Starch. A fecula obtained from the root
of Gonna edu'lis. It resembles potato starch,
and may be substituted for arrow-root. It is ob-
tained from St. Kitts.
TOUT, Nates.
TOUTE BONNE, Salvia sclarea.
TOUTE EPICE, see Myrtus pimenta — <.
S'liue. Sanicula.
TOUX. Tussis- f. Bleue, Pertussis — <. Bron-
chique, Bronchial cough. Cough, tubal — t. Caver-
tieuHe, see Cavernous respiration — t. Convulsive,
Pertussis — «. Quinteuxe, Pertussis — t. Tulaire,
Bronchial cough, Cough, tubal.
TOXIC^MIA, Toxicohaemia.
TOXICAL, Poisonous.
TOXrCATIO. Poisoning.
TOXICODENDRON. Rhus toxicodendron.
TOXICOH^'MIA, Toxica'mia. from toxicum,
'a poison,' and 'ui/ia, 'blood.' Poisoning of the
blood. — Piorry.
TOXICOL'OGY, Toxicolog"ia, from toxicum,
(itself from ro^ov, 'a bow,') 'a poison,' and Aoyoj,
'a description.' A treatise on poisons.
TOXICO'SES, (G.; Toiikosen, from toxi-
cum, 'a poison.' A family of diseases, according
to the classification of Fuchs, caused by the re-
ception of poisons into the system.
TOXICUM, Poison, Venom.
TOXfQUE. Poisonous.
TRABECULA CEREBRI, Corpus callosum—
t. Cordis, Columnjfi carne<«.
TRABECULiE CORPORUM CAVERNOSO-
RUM, see Cavernous bodies.
TRABECULE SPLENIS, see Spleen-t.Wil-
lisii. Chordae Willisii.
TRABES CORDIS, Columns carnea!.
TRABS, Penis — t. Cerebri, Corpus cuUusum —
t. Medullaris, Corpus callosum.
TRACE, PRIMITIVE, Groove, primitive.
TRACHE'A, (generally, however, accented
Tra'chea,) Trache'a seu Trachei'a nrte'riu, liron-
chnu, As'pera arteria, Fis'tuln upirilua'lin seU
pulmonn'lia, Conna, Syrin'ga, Si/rinj- ; the Wind-
pipe, Wosen, Weaiond, M^eesel, Throttle, (Sc.)
Thrnpill, (Prov.) Keckcorn, Keeker, Thropple,{F.)
Trochee artere ; from rpa'^f^vs, 'rough,' and aprijpiu,
'artery,' composed of anp, 'air,' and rripciv, 'to
keep.' The trachea is a cylindrical, fibro-cnrtila-
ginous and membranous tube, flattened behind,
and situate on the median line, before the verte-
bral column, from the inferior part of the larynx,
as far as the third dorsal vertebra. There it
divides into two branches, the bronchia, which
separate to go to each lung. The trachea, the
function of which is to convey air to the lungs
during respiration, is composed, I. Of carti-
laginous rings, An'nuli cartilagin'ei, Segmen'ia
cariilagiu'ea, Orben ciirtilngino'ni, incomplete be-
hind ; situate one above the other, and kept »i»
situ by a fibrous membrane. 2. Of a mucous
membrane, which lines it internally, and contains
numerous mucous follicles. >3. Of transverse
muscular fibres, not well-marked, which occupy
its posterior surface. 4. Of vessels, which pro-
ceed from the superior and inferior thyroidealj
and, 5. Of nerves, that are given off by the pneu-
mogastric and the cervical ganglia.
The breathing tubes of insects are termed
Trachea.
Trachea Arteria, Trachea.
TRACHEvE, see Trachea.
TRA'CHEAL, Trachen'lis. Appertaining to
the trachea. An epithet applied to respiration
as heard through the stethoscope opposite the
trachea, larynx, and root of the bronchia; the
air appearing as if sucked in from the cylinder
during inspiration, and expelled during expira-
tion.
Tracheal Glands. Mucous follicles on the
posterior surface of the trachea. They are small,
flattened ovoid bodies.
TRACHEA'LIS. The fibres of unstriped mus-
cle, which pass from one portion of each of the
tracheal cartilages to the other, at the posterior
part of the trachea, have been so called by some
anatomists. When they contract, they apjiroxi-
mate the extremities of the cartilage; diminish
the calibre of the trachea; and thus increase the
velocity of the air forced through it, as in cough-
ing, and facilitate the removal of any irritating
substance in contact with the lining membrane.
TRACHEE ARTERE, Trachea.
TRACHEITIS, Cynanche trachealis.
TRACHELAGRA, Torticollis. Also, gout in
the neck.
TRACHELIAN, Cervical.
TRACHELISM'US. from Tpa^7)Xov, ' the neck.'
A term proposed by Dr. Marshall Hall, for a fan-
cied spasmodic action of the muscles of the neck,
which ho esteems to be the cause of many morbid
phenomena, by inducing compression of the veins
of the neck and an impeded return of blood from
the head.
TRACHELITIS
925
TRANSFUSION
TRACIIELITIS, Cynjinche traohealis.
TRACIIELIUM AMERICANUM, Lobelia
canlinulis.
TltAUHELOrATLOiDO.OCCIPirAL,Oh\\-
quus superior Ciipitis— «. Atloidfi-buiildhe, Rectus
ciipitis liiteralis — <• i?a*i7«r/e, Rectus capitis in-
ternus major — (. liuailuire, petit, Rectus capitis
inlernus minor.
TRACHE'LO-DIAPIIRAGMAT'IC, Trachelo-
diaplirti'jmut'iciis. The fourtli pair of cervical
nerves, wiience the phrenio nerve chiefly arises.
— Chaussier.
TRACHfjLO-MASTOjDfEN, Coraplexus mi-
nor — t. Occipital, Coinplexus — t. Scapulaire,
Levator scapulae.
TRACIIELOS, Collum.
TRACIIE'O-BRONCIirTIS. Inflammation
of the trachea and bronchia.
TRACHEOCELE, Bronchocele.
TRACIIROPHONY, Laryngophony.
TRACHEOPHTIIISLS, see Phthisis laryngea.
TRACHEOPIIYMA, Bronchocele.
TRACHEORRIIAG"IA, Hamop'toe seu Hm-
ttwp'ti/sia l<irji»(je'a et irachea'lis, from rpaxtia,
'the trachea,' and priywui, 'to break forth.' lla?-
morrhajre from the traeheii.
TRACIIEOSTENO'SIS, 'from rpaxtia, 'the
trachea,' and orcvuerif, 'contraction.' Contrac-
tion or narrowness of the trachea.
TRACII'EOTOME, from trachea, and ropr,,
•incision.' An instrument of the trocar kind,
for opening the trachea.
TRACHEOTOMY, see Bronchotomy.
TRACHITIS, Cynancho trachealis.
TRACnO'MA, from Tpa-)(vi, ' rough.' Anpre'do,
Aspritn'do, Pladar'otes, Axperitn'do, Sc(thrit"iea,
Gran'ulnr conjuiicti'va, Oran'ulxtr eyelid, (F.)
Aiperite des Paiipiires. A roughness of the inner
surface of the eyelids. A variety of ophthalmia,
of which three kinds have been designated: — T.
aabido'sum, from sand, &c., getting between the
eyelids ; T. caruncnlo'sum, Pladar'otes, Plada-
ro'sis, llforum 2^"l'p<^br(B inter'uce, from fleshy
excrescences; and T. herpet'ictim, from hard
pustules on the inner surface of the eyelids.
This last is, also, called Fico'ms, and Pal'pebra
Jico'sa.
TRACT, OPTIC, see Optic nerves — t. Respi-
ratory, see Respiratory tract.
TRACTATIO MANUARIA, Surgery.
TRACTORATION, Perkinism, see Tractors,
metallic.
TRACTORS, METAL'LIC. Metallic agents,
introduced by Dr. Elisha Perkins, of Connecticut,
about the end of the last century, to cure diseases.
The parts were rubbed with these tractors, and
hundreds of thousands of cases were reported to
have been cured by the Tractora'tion. The
affections, in which they were chiefly used, were
local inflammations, and ])ains in diff'erent parts.
The good effects were, doubtless, owing to the in-
fluence exerted by the mind over the body. The
bubble did not exist long. See Perkinism.
TRACT US INTESTINORUM, Intestinal
Tube — t. Opticus, see Optic nerves — t. Respi-
ratorius. Respiratory tract.
Tractus Spiua'i-is Foramimiles'tus. Minute
openings at the base of the modiolus, arranged
in a spiral manner, which transmits the filaments
of the cochlear nerve. The central canal of the
Tractus is longer than the rest, and is called
Tu'bulun cciitra'lis modi'oll.
TRADRSCAN'TIA VIRGIN'ICA, Spider-
trorl; indigenous; Order, Commelynaceae ; flow-
ering from^May to August. The roots are de-
mulcent.
TRAGACAN'TIIA, from rpayos, *a goat,' and
atav^a, ' a thorn,' owing to its hirsute boughs.
Gtimmi Trngarnn'thn seu Antrag'ali Trngncnnthcf,
Gum Trof/acaiilh, Gum Pniyoii. The concrete
juice of the Astrayalun Triigacautha or Antraij<i-
hiH Verun, a native of Persia. Ord. Leguminosae.
Ser. Sy«t. Diadelphia Decandria. (F.) Gomiiie
Adraynnt, Adrogaut, Adragante, Adrtiipiulh-:
This gum is inodorous: nearly insipid; of a
whitish colour; semi-transparent, and striated.
It i8 in thin, vermiform pieces ; and dues not form
a smooth, uniform mucilage with water. It is
demulcent, but is rarely used alone.
TRAOEA AROMATICA, Pulvis cinnamoml
compositus.
TRAG"ICUS, Tragien (Ch.), from Tragus.
A small, flat, triangular muscle which almost
wholly covers the outer surface of the tragus,
arising from its base, and terminating at the top
of the eminence.
TRAGIEN, Tragicus.
TRAGOMASCIIA'LIA, Tragomas'chaU, from
Tpayoi, 'a goat,' and itaaxa^ri, 'axilla.' The
strong unpleasant odour of the armpits.
TRAGOPHONIA, Egophony.
TRAGOPO'GON, liarba hirci; from Tpayoi, 'a
goat,' and nutytav, ' beard.' A genus of plants ;
Ord. Cichoracea;. Sex. Synt. Syngenesia Poly-
gamia jJilciualis. (F.) Barbe de Bouc ; of which
the roots of the Tragopogon porrifc/lium, Sahiji,
Oyster p/atit. Oyster-root, (F.) Salsifis ou Cer-
cifis, and the young shoots of the T. pmteti'sf,
Meadow Salsifi, Common Goat's Beard, (F.) Sal-
sifis des pres, are eaten as food. The root of the
latter has been used as a diuretic.
TRAGOSELINUM, Pimpinella saxifraga — t,
Angelica, Ligusticum podagraria — t. Magnum,
Pimpinella magna — t. Mnjus, Pimpinella magna
— t. Saxifraga, Pimpinella magna.
TRAGUS; rpayos, 'a goat;' from its being fur-
nished, in some persons, with hair, like the bear<i
of a goat. Hircus, Hirquus. A small, flattened,
triangular nipple, situate before the meatus audi-
toriu.s externiis, which it appears to conceal. It
is covered with hair in old people, whence its
name. Also, the peculiar goat-like smell of the
axillre.
TitAGiTs Matthioli, Salsola kali.
TRAfXASSE, Polygonum aviciilare.
TRAITEMENT, Curatio — (. Pallialif, see
Palliation.
TRAMIS, Perinaeum.
TRANCE, Catalepsy, Eestasis.
TRANCHEES, Tormina — r. Uterines, Pains,
after.
TRANS, in composition, 'through, over, or
bevond.'
TRANSFIGURATIO. Transformation.
TRANSFORMA'TION, Trausforma'tio, Trans,
figuni'tio, Trnnamuta'tio, JHetiib'ole, from trans,
and forma, 'form.' Change of form.
TRANSFORMATIONS BE TISSIT, (F.)
The French pathologists designate thus the
change that occurs in an organ, the tissue of
which becomes similar to that of another organ.
The chief transformations .are cartilaginous, osse-
ous, and adipous. See Tissue.
TRANSFU'SION, Transfusio, 3fetach'ysis,
from trans/undere [trans, audyundere, /usinn, 'to
pour') ' to pour from one vessel into another.'
Transfusio.v of Blood, Transfusio San'guinia,
Cura ]\[tdea'na, JlellirBmachym' ia, Hamatume-
tach'ysis,H(Bmometa(.h'ysis,Diach'ysis, Transplnn-
ta'tio med'ica nova, Chirnr'gia transfnso'rin. Ex-
otichatmato'sis. The act of passing the blood of
one animal into the veins of another; an opera-
tion which was formerly used to fulfil various
therapeutical intentions. It has been revived ia
cases of uterine hemorrhage; and, apparently,
with some success.
The operation can only be performed safely
TRANSLATION
926
TRANSVERSUS AURIS
See
on animals having like kinds of blood.
Globule.
TRANSLATION, Metastasis.
TRANSMISSIBILITY, see Sensibility.
TRANSMUTATIO. Transformation.
TRANSPIRATIO, Prespiration— t. Unilatera,
Heinidiaphoresis.
TRANSPIRA TOIRE, Perspiratory.
TRANSPLANTA'TIO, (trans, and phmta,) Me-
taphi/tei'a. A pretended method of curing dis-
eases, devised by Paracelsus — by making them
pass from one individual to another, either ani-
mal or vegetable.
Transplantatio, Morioplastice — t. Medica
nova, Transfusion.
Transplanta'tio Dentis, I>isit"{o dentis. The
act of transplanting a tooth from one person to
another.
TRANSPORT, Delirium.
TRANSPOSITIO, Metathesis.
TRANSPOSIT''ION, TransposW'io.hom trans,
' over,' and ponere, poaitum, ' to put.' Metath'esia.
Change of situation.
Transposition op the Vis'ckra, Pohjpe'ria
promis'cua translate' va, Intue inver'sus, is a con-
genital vice of conformation, which consists in
the viscera being found out of the situations they
ordinarily occupy : the heart, for example, being
on the right side ; the liver on the left, <fcc.
TRANSUDATIO, Diapedesis.
TRANSUDA'TION, Tranamta'tlo, (P.) Trans-
sudation, from trans, ' through,' and siidare, suda-
tum, 'to sweat.' The passage of a fluid through
the tissue of any organ, which may collect in
small drops on the opposite surface, or evaporate
from it.
Transttdation, Exosmose.
TRANSVERSAIRE EPINEUX, Transver-
salis dorsi — t. Epineux du con, Semispinalis colli
— t. Grele, see Sacro-lumbalis — t. Epineux du
dos, Semi-spinatus dorsi.
TRANSVERSAL DE LA CONQUE, Trans-
vers.alis auris — t. da Nez, Compressor nasi — t.
des Orfeils, Transversus pedis.
TRANSVERSALIS, Transverse.
Transversa'lis Abdom'inis, (F.) Lombo-nh-
dominal (Ch.), Transverse de V Abdomen. This
muscle is seated, deeply, on the lateral parts of
the abdomen. It is flat, thin, and broader before
than behind. It is attached, above, to the carti-
lage of the last true rib, and to those of every
false rib ; and, below, to the inner lip of the crista
of the ilium; to the two outer thirds of the crural
arch, and to the upper part of the pubis. Its
fibres, moreover, are inserted, behind, by means
of broad aponeuroses, into the top of the trans-
verse and spinous processes of the first four lum-
bar vertebrae; and, before, info the linea alba,
and the ensiform cartilage. This muscle, all of
whose fibres have a transverse direction, con-
stricts the belly, and diminishes the base of the
chest, by drawing inwards the ribs to which it is
attached.
Transversalis ANTTCTTf5 Primus, Rectus ca-
pitis lateralis — t. CoUateralis colli, see Sacro-
lumbalis.
Transversa'lis Colli, Transversalis Major
colli. Portion of the Sacrospinal fCh.), (F.)
Transversaire. A muscle, seated at the posterior
and lateral part of the neck and upper part of
the back. It is attached to the transverse pro-
cesses of the five or six lowest vertebrae of the
neck ; and to those of the four or five first dorsal.
It extends the vertebrae of the neck, and inclines
them to its side.
Transversalis Colli, Semi-spinalis colli.
Transversalis Donsi, Tmnsrerso -spinalis,
Multi/'idus SpincB, Lumho-cervicid portion of the
Spinal (Ch.), (Trnnsi'erso-tpfnalis Lunilo'rnm,
Transversa - spinalis Dorsi, Transverso ■ spinalis
Colli,) Jfus'culns sacer, Spinales ct trinisvirnalei
lunihoriini, Semi-spinalis iiilernns sivo Tranxrerso-
spinalis colli pars interna (Winslow), Lond/o-
dorsi-spinal, &c., (F.) Transversaire (pi mux.
This muscle, usually called, by Knf;li.>ih aiiiito-
mists, jifulti/'idus spince., and including ail the
transverso-spinales, is situate in the vcrtchrnl
gutters, extending from the posterior part of the
sacrum to the second cervical vertel)ra. It is
thicker in the neck and loins than in the back
and behind the sacrum. Its use is — to straighten
the vertebral column, and to impress upon it a
slight rotary motion.
Transversalis Nasi, Compressor naris.
TRANSVERSARIUS, Transverse.
TRANSVERSE, Transver'sus, Transversa'lis,
Transversa'rius, from trans, 'over,' and verlere,
versnm, 'to turn.' That which runs across: also,
that which relates to the transverse processes of
the vertebrae.
Transverse Artery of the Face, arises from
the temporal ; passes transversely across the fine,
in front of the condyle of the lower jiiw. and
gives its branches to the different muscles of the
cheek.
Transverse Fissure, see Liver — t. Fossa, see
Liver — t.Ligamentof the Atlas, Annular ligament.
Transverse Perineal Artery, llrethro-bul-
bar (Ch.), is given off from the upper branch of
the internal pudic ; and passes inwards and for-
wards above the transversus perina^i muscles, as
far as the bulb of the urethra, into which it dips,
subdividing into numerous branches.
Transverse Proc"essks of the VER'TEDHiE,
Diapoph'yses of Owen, (F.) Apophyses transverses
des vertebres, are the bony eminences that jut (uit
transversely and posteriorly from the sides of the
vertebrae.
Transverse- Suture, Sutu'ra transversa'lis,
runs across the face, and sinks into the orbit;
joining the bones of the skull to those of the
face, but with so many irregularities and inter-
ruptions, that it can scarcely be recognised as a
suture.
TRANSVERSE DE L'ARDOMEN, Trans-
versalis abdominis — f. de I'Oricule, Transversus
auris — t. du Perinee, Transversus perinaei.
TRANSVERSO-SPINAL, Semi-spinalis colli.
Semi-spinalis dorsi — t. Spinalis, Transversalis
dorsi — t. Spinalis colli, Semi-spinalis colli — t.
Spinalis dorsi, Semi-spinalis dorsi.
TRANSVER'SUS AURIS, Transver'sus An-
ric'ulce., (F.) Transverse de l' Oricule (Ch.), Trans-
versal de la Conque, is often wanting. It is
formed of some transverse fibres, situate trans-
versely, behind the projection of the helix which
divides the concha into two portions.
Transversus Pedis. Scandula'rius,('F.)Trans,
versal des Orteils, Metatarso - snns - phalangien
transversal du premier orteil (Chaussier). A
muscle, which arises by fleshy slips from the
heads of the metatarsal bones of the three outer
toes. Its tendon is inserted into the base of the
first phalanx of the great toe, being blended with
that of the adductor pollieis.
Transversus Prrin>ei, Leva'tor Ani parvus,
(F.) fschio-perineal (C\).), Transverse du Perinee,
is placed at the posterior part of the perinicum.
It is thin, triangular, and situate transversely.
Its external extremity is attached to the ramus
and tuberosity of the ischium : its inner extremity
is confounded with its fellow of the opposite side,
and with the anterior part of the sphincter nni
and posterior part of the bulbo-cavernosus. The
use of this muscle is, — to compress the urethra,
and to support the rectum and bladder. To a
TRATA NATANS
927
TREPHINE
fasciculus of this muscle, Santorini hns given the
name (fre'thra; Elevn'tor ?eu E/nciitu'tor.
TraNSVIMISCH PehIN^'I AltbH, Pronlnt'ioin
inferior. A small muscle which occasionally ac-
companies the last.
TKAPA NATANS, (F.) ^facre floiiante, Noix
ou Chatiiitjne d' Enii. Ord. Onagraccse. Stx.
tiijHt. Telrandria Monogynia. The plant which
nttbrds the Nuces Aqnut'iPOF:, Trib'nli (iquatici,
t'ldtrops. The nut is considered nutrient and
demulcent, and is said to be useful in diarrhcea
from abrasion of the bowels, and in calculus. A
poultice is sometimes made of it to discuss hard
and indolent tumours.
THAPKZA, Mensa.
TltAl'BZE, Trapezium, Trapezius.
TRAPE'ZIUM OS, r^u-rffiov, 'a trapezium.' So
called from its shajie. On multau'ynban iiinjitn,
(F.) Os trapeze. The first bone of the second
row of the carpus. It is articulated, above, with
the scaphoides ; below, with the first bone of the
metacarpus ; within, with the trapezoides, and
Bccond metacarpal bone. Anteriorly, posteriorly,
and externally, it gives attachment to ligaments.
TRAPE'ZIUS, CncHlla'ria, (F.) Durao-Hiis-
acroiiiien (Ch.), Trapeze, Copuchoii. A muscle,
seated at the posterior part of the neck and
shoulder, and at the upper part of the back. It
has the shape of a trapezium ; is attached, on the
one hand, to the inner third of the upper curved
line of the occipital bone ; to the posterior cer-
vical ligament; to the spinous process of the 7th
cervical vertebra; and to those of all the dorsal
vertebrae; and, on the other hand, to the spine
of the scapula; the acromion and the outer third
of the posterior margin of the clavicle. Its upper
fibres are situate obliquely downwards and out-
wards; the transverse and inferior, obliquely out-
wards and inwards. This muscle elevates the
Bhoulder; carries it backwards, or depresses it,
according as its upper, middle, or lower fibres
contract separately. It straightens the head,
also, and inclines it to one side.
TRAP'EZOID LIG AME'iiT. Lifjnmeti'tnm tm-
pezti'ides. The anterior part of the coraco-clavi-
cular ligament. It is a very strong, fibrous fas-
ciculus, which has the shape of a trapezium, and
is situate obliquelj', between the acromion process
and clavicle.
TRAPEZOi'DES, OS. Os muhan'guhim minus
seu pijraiiiidu'Ie carpi, from rpart^ior, 'a trape-
zium,' and £1^05, 'shape or resemblance' The
second bone of the second row of the carpus,— so
called from its shape. It is smaller than the tra-
pezium, on the inside of which it is situate. It
is articulated, above, with the os naviculare;
below, with the second metacarpal bone; on the
outside, with the trapezium ; and internally, with
the magnum. Anteriorly and posteriorly, it
afi"ords attachment to ligaments.
TliAUliEXKUR, Grape cure.
TRAULISMUS, see Balbuties and Blaesitas.
TRAULOTES, see Blaesitas.
TRAUMA, Wound.
TRAUMAT'IC, Tranmat'icus, Vnlnern'rius,
Viil'iieranj, (F.) Traumaliqne, from rpauiia, rpav-
uuTOi, • a wound.' Anything relating to a wound.
TRAUMATICA, Detergents, Vulneraries.
TRAUMATICiyE ; same etymon as Trau-
matic. A name given by Eulenberg to a solution
of gutta percha in chloroform, which is applied
e.\ternally in various chronic cutaneous diseases.
TRAUMATICUS. Traumatic. Vulnerary.
TRAU'MATISM, Tranmatls'mus. The condi-
tion of the organism occasioned by a grave wound.
TRAU'M.\TO-COMI'UM, trora rpavfia, rpav-
jarof ' a wound,' and Ko^tio, ' I take care of.' An
hospital for the reception of the wounded.
TRAUMATOP'YRA. Fthris Imiimnt'irn ; from
Tfiuvyiii, ri)aifi(iTOi, 'a wound,' and Tvp, 'fire.' A
wound ffver, or fever consecutive to a wound.
TRAVAIL, Parturition.
TUAVAIL jrEAFAyT, Parturition.
TRAVELLER'S JOY, Clematis vitalba.
TREACLE, Melasses, Theriaca — t. English,
Teucrium chainsedrys — t. Venice, Theriaca.
TREAD, Cicatricula— t. of the Cock, Molecule.
TREATMENT, Curatio.
Tkbatmknt, Dry. One in which the patient
is almost wlioUy, if not wholly, restricted from
the alimentary use of fluids ; a valuable modna
medendi in inflammatory and hemorrhagic condi-
tions.
TREE, ELK, Andromeda arborea — t. of Life,
Thuya occidentalis — t. Sour, Andromeda arborea.
TREFLE BE CASTOR, Menyanthes irifo-
liata — t. D'Eiiu, Menyantlies trifoliata — t. dta
Marais, Menyanthes trifoliata.
TREFOIL, llepatica tril.d)a — t. Bean, stink,
ing, Anagyris — t. Marsh, Menyanthes verna — t.
Sour, 0.\alis acetosella — t. Shrubby, Ptclea tri-
foliata— t. Water, Menyanthes trifoliata.
TREMA, Foramen.
TREA/liLEJIEAT, Tremor — ^ MeUdUqne,
see Tremor.
TREMBLES. Milk-sickness.
TREMBLING, Tremor — t. Fevers, Intermit-
tent fever.
TREMELLA AURICULA JUD^, Peziza
auricula.
TREMOR, Trepida'tio, Spi'chnnis Tremor,
Trojiio-Hpnuriius, Tronius, Trenihling, (F.j Treiit-
blement, from treniere, 'to tremble.' Involuntary
agitation of the body, or of some part of it, with-
out any obstacle to voluntary motion. It de-
pends, generally, upon debility of the muscular,
or of the nervous system ; and, hence, is ob-
served in convalescence, and in typhoid affec-
tions. It occurs, also, in old people; in hard
drinkers; workers in mercury, lead, &c.: in the
last case, it is called by the French, Trenihlenieut
iyiet(dli(/He, Tremor metal'llciia. Tremor scenjs to
resemble paralysis more than convulsion. See
Paralysis agitans and Pavitatio.
Trumok Corjnis, Ilippus, Palpitation — t. Me-
tallicus, see Tremor — t. Potatorum, see Delirium
tremens — t. ]'urring, Fremissemetit cataire.
TREPAN, Trep'aiiiim, Try'panon, Trip'unon,
Tpvnavov, Terebel'/a, Pereter'iiivi, Peretor' iiuii,
Serra versat'ilia, Clioeii'icia, Ohoeiiic'ion, Ter'ehrii,
Ter'etron, Tere'triiim, Vertib'ulum, (F.) Trepan,
from Tpviraw, 'I perforate.' A surgical instrument
resembling a wimble, and worked in the same
manner. It is used for removing portions of
bone, and particularly of the bones of the skull.
The term trepan is given more particularly to the
part of ttie instrument that makes the perforation.
The handle is so constructed as to receive differ-
ent bits^ — as the crown, the Trepan per/oralif or
Perite'riun, the T. e.rfolialif ox Deaqnumuto' rium
trep'anum, and the T. abaptis'ta.
In Great Britain and the United States, this
instrument has been superseded by the trephine,
which is more manageable.
TREPANATIO, Trepanning.
TREPAN A TION, Trepanning.
TREPAN'NING, Terebra'tio, Anafre'aia, Ce-
phalolripe'aia, Trepana'tio, Tri/pe'sis, Tresis, Pri-
aia, Priamns, Fora'tio, (F.) Trepanation. Same
etymon as Trepan. The methodical application
of the trepan.
TREPAN ON, Trepan.
TREPANUM, Trepan.
TREPHINE. The instrument which has re-
placed the trepan in some countries. It consists
of a simple, cylindrical saw; with a handle placed
TREPHOUSA
028
TRICIIILIA
transversely like that of a gimlet, and from tlie
centre t)f the cirelc, deseribed by the teeth of the
saw, a sharp little perforator projects, called the
Centre-pin. The centre-pin is capable of being
removed, at the surgeon's option, by means of a
key for the purpose. It is used to fix the instru-
ment until the teeth of the saw have made a cir-
cular groove, sufficiently deep for it to work
steadily. The i)in must then be removed. Some-
times the pin is made to slide up and down, and
to be fixed in any position, by means of a screw.
TREPHOUSA, Nurse.
TREPIDATIO, Tremor— t. Cordis, Cardiotro-
mus. ^
TREPIED VITAL, Tripod, vital.
TREPOX'DO. A weight of three pounds.—
Scribonius.
TRE'SIS, rprjiTi;, from rptw, 'I bore.' Properly,
a perforation. A wound. A forcible solution of
continuity in a soft part, commencing externally.
A genus in the nosology of Good.
Trrsis, Trepanning, Wound — t. Causis, Burn
— t. Punctura, Puncture — t. Vulnus, Wound —
t. Vulnus laceratum, see Laceration — t. Vulnus
simplex. Cut.
TN ESS A ILLEMENT, Shuddering.
TRESSO'RIA, low Latin Eplsl'oii, cTztaewv. A
term formerly applied to the hair covering the
mons veneris, the absence of which has, by the
vulgar, been esteemed a matter of reproach.
TRI, Tpt, in composition, 'three.'
TRIACLE, Melasses.
TRIANGLE 3fEDULLAIRE, Fornix.
TRIAN(3LE, VESICAL, see Urinary Bladder.
TRIAN'UULAR, Trigo'nox, Triangula', iH,
from hi, and (tnyulus, 'an angle.' That which
has three angles.
Triangular or Tnfra-pubian Ligament, Liy-
amen'tnm trittnrjnla're seu infra-pnbin' ntim, is a
ligamentous fascia with short fibres, situate trans-
versely beneath the symphysis pubis, which it
Strengthens. Also, a ligament extending from
the coracoid to the acromial process of the
scapula.
TRIANGULARIS, Depressor anguli oris — t.
Coccygis, Coccygeus — t. Nasi, Compressor naris.
TkIANGULA'uiS SteRNI, Sterno-cnutal (Ch.),
Pectora'lis intc.r'nnii. A muscle situate at the
anterior and inner part of the chest, behind the
cartilages of the ribs. It has the shape of a
lengthened triangle, the base of which is directed
downwards. It is attached to the posterior,
lateral, and inferior part of the sternum, whence
its fibres pass upwards and outwards, and termi-
nate by as many distinct digitations at the carti-
lages of the 3d, 4th, 5th, and Gth true ribs. This
muscle depresses the ribs and contributes to ex-
piration.
TRIBAS, (F.) Trihade., from rpifiia, <l rub.'
Frictrix, Frica'trije, Futii'trix. ifan'cula, Sithagi-
tn'trix, Siibigita'trix. A female whose clitoris is
so large as to cause her to be regarded as an
hermaphrodite. One who acts as a male with
another female.
TRIBULI AQUATICI, see Trapa natans.
TRIBUTUM LUNARE, Menses — t. Men-
struum. Menses.
TRICiE, Plica— t. Incuborum, Plica— t. Scro-
forum, Plica.
TRICAGO, Teucriura chamaedrys.
TRICAUDALIS, Retrahens auris.
TRICEPH'ALUS, from tri, and Kt<l>a\t,, 'head.'
A monster with three heads.
TRICEPS, from tri, and caput, 'head.' A
name given to muscles that have three fleshy
bundles at one of their extremities.
Triceps Adduc'tob Fem'okis. Under this
ai pcllation are compfehendcd three distinct mnn-
cles: Adduitar breiln, A. loiiynii, nnd A. iiiaijiiiit.
TiiiCKi's Auris, Rctraliens auris — t. Uraciiiiilis,
Triceps extensor cubiti.
TrickP-S Cruris,- /'cmoraV)*, (F.) Triffmnm.
roiiilieii (Ch.), Crural, Trifemoro-tibi-rnlulieu,
Trice])S crural ou de la cuinne, is situate at the
anterior, inner, and outer part of the thigh. It
is formed of three bundles at its superior extre-
mity, viz. 1. A middle fasciculus (the crura'tin of
most anatomists). 2. An external fasciculus (the
vaHtun exteruun) and 3. An inner fasciculus (the
vastus ■iiiteruuH). It is attached, above, to the
anterior, inner, and outer surfaces of the femur,
and to the two edges of the linea aspera, from
the base of the trochanter to within four fingers'
breadth of the knee. Below, it terniinatos by a
large tendon, which is attached to tiio base and
edges of the patella, as well as to the inner and
outer tuberosities of the tibia. The triceps ex-
tends the leg on the thigh, and conversely.
TRICEPS BE LA CUISSE, Triceps cruris—
t. Crural, Triceps cruris.
TricbpS Extkn'sou Cu'biti, Triceps brnchia'-
lis, (F.) Scapido-humero-oU.cranien (Ch.), Triceps
brachial. This muscle, which occuj)ies all the
posterior part of the os humeri, is described aa
two muscles by Douglas, and as three by Wins-
low. It arises by tliree heads. The first or long
head, — long head of the biceps externns of Doug-
las, Anconeus major of Winslow, — arises from the
anterior extremity of the inferior costa of the
scapula, near its neck, and below the origin of
the teres minor. The second head, or short head
of the biceps externns of Douglas, Anco)iens exter-
nns of Winslow, arises from the upper and outer
part of the os humeri, at the base of the great
tuberosity; and the third head, — Brachialis ex-
ternns of Douglas, Anconeus internns of Winslow,
— the shortest of the three, arises from the back
part of the os humeri, behind the flat tendon of
the latissimus dorsi. These three portions unite
about the middle of the arm, so as to form one
thick and powerful muscle, which is inserted at
the upper part of the olecranon. It extends the
forearm on the arm, and conversely.
Triceps Magnus, Adductor uiagnus — t. Minor,
Adductor longus femoris — t. Secundus, Adductor
brevis.
TRICn^ INCUBORUM, Plica. «
TRICHANGIA, Capillary vessels
TRICHANGIECTA'SIA, Angidiecta'sia, Tri.
chocirsus, from &pt^, Tpi^oi, 'a hnir,' ayyciov, 'a
vessel,' and £<cTn(Tis, ' dilatation.' Morbid dilata-
tion of the capillary vessels.
TRICIIAUX'E, from 3pif, rptxoi, 'hair,' and
av^v< 'increase.' Increase in the quantity and
size of the hair, without change of texture,
TRICIIERA ARVENSIS, Scabiosa.
TRICHIA, Entropion.
TRICHI'ASIS, Trichio'ais, Tricho'sis, from
■Jpi^, Tpi;^o?, ' hair.' Morbus pila'ris. This name
has been given to several afi'eotions. 1. To a dis-
ease of the kidneys or bladder, in which filamen-
tous substances, resembling hairs, are passed in
the urine. This is also called Pilimic'lio. It
must be regarded as a variety of Catar'rhus
vesi'cfB. 2. To .a painful swelling of the breasts,
in child-bed women, when the milk is excreted
with difiieulty : — a disease attributed, by Aris-
totle, to a hair swallowed by accident and carried
to the breasts through the circulation : and .3dly,
To inversion of the eye-lashes. See Entropion.
TRICHIASIS LACTEA, Infarctus mammsB
lacteus.
TRICHILIA, Cathartics.
Trichil'ia Emet'ica, Elcnja. A tree. Order,
Meliaceae, common on the mountains of Ycmeu
TRICHINA SPIRALIS
929
TRIGEMINI
and in Senegal. The fruit is used, by the Arabs,
at an emetic. The ripe sceils are formed with
gesamiim oil into an ointment for the itch.
Titiciiii.iA Timfoi.ia'ta, a bush of Cura^oa, a
decoction of the roots of which is used to pro-
mote abortion.
TRKJUI'NA SPIRA'LIS. Same etymon. A
small species of entozoa discovered in the muscles
of voluntnry motion. Trichinae consist of very
minute cysts, of an (>l)long figure, having consi-
denible resciiibliince, in size and colour, to young
pediculi, and are somewhat allied to the eels
found in paste and vinegar. No symi)t()ms have
as yet been observed to be pathognomonic of their
preseiico.
TRICHIOSTS, Trichiasis— t. Distrix, Distrix.
TIllClilS'MUS. Same etymon. CiqnUa'tio,
Fimiii'ra pila'iia. A capillary fracture, fissure,
or crack.
TRrCllIURIA, Trichoccphalus.
TRICHOCErnALE LE L'HOMME, Tri-
chocepliahis.
TRICHOCI-^PH'ALUS, Truhoccph'alua dia-
jiar ; from 5/'i^, r(.4;:^os, 'a hair,' and Kc<paXrj,
'head.' Trichu'ria, 'J', viiltfaris seu inteafiua'tia,
Aa'ciiria tn'chit'n'n, Tn'cln'n'rin, Trichoccphalus
Feu Montu/ii'iha hniiiiin's, Louij tliread-worm, (F.)
2'rich'>c('i>li<ilc de I'Ihdiiidc. A worm, from an
inch and a half to two Indies long; the head
acute; the body spirally involuted in the male,
almost straight in the female. The tn'chocepha-
lus diapnr generally inhabits the c;ecum and
colon, and is rnrely met with in the small intes-
tines. It gives rise to no peculiar symptoms, and
requires the usual anthelmintic treatment.
TRICIIOCIRSUS, Trichangiectasia.
TRIC110G"EN0US, from 5p(|, r,„;^05, 'a hair,'
and ytn'uo), 'I generate.' H:iir-fonning; as a
'tnch'K/ciiriiia remedy/ — one that promotes the
growth of hair.
TRICIFOLABIS, Madisterium.
TRirllOLABlUM, Maiiistorium.
TRlt'HOl.OOlA, Ciuphologia.
TRICilOAIA. t';ipill,imcntum. Plica.
TRK/llOMAXlCS, Aspleninm trichomanoides
— t. Creniitii, Aspleninm trichomanoides.
TRrClIOMAPlIYTR, from trichoma, 'plica,'
and i^uTov, 'a vegotiible.' A crj'ptogamons growth,
found in plica, nnd said, by some, to be its cause.
TRICHO.MAPIIYTOX, Mycoderma plicae.
TRIG 11 OM AT I OX, Ciiinllnmentum.
TRICllOMATOSE HAIR, Plica.
TRICllOM'OXAS, Trkhnm'onnd ; from fl/xf.
Tpi;^o{, 'a liiiir,' ami nioiiitd. An animalcule
found by M. Donne rn the mucus of the vagina,
where cleanliness has not been attended to, and
to whicli he has given the name Tricliotn'onas
va(/hHt'/is. By some it is considered to be no-
thing more than ciliated epithelium separated
from the uterus.
TRICllO.MYCES TONSURANS, Porrigo de-
calviins.
TRICIIONOST.^:. Porrigo— t. Furfuracea, Por-
rigo decilviins — t. Plica, Plica — t.Poliosis, Poliosis.
TRICIION'OSUS, from Vf. '•/"X05. 'hair,' and
voaos, 'ilist>;ise.' A disease of the hair.
TRICIIOPIIY'IA. T,icl,»],hyi'ica, from 5p,f,
rpi;^os, 'li;iir,' and <pvtiv, 'to grow.' Remedies
that promote the growth of the hnir.
TRICHOPHYTON TONSURANS, see Porrigo
deealvans.
TRICIIOSAN'TIIES, AMA'RA, (.%(. rp.^os,
'hair,' and «r?^, 'a flower.') Order, Cucurbita-
cew; a pliint of India; the seeds are bitter and
nstringent, sometimes emetic. In Jamaica, it is
considered to be a poison, and is used for killing
rots.
Tricho.<5Asthi:s Coi{Da'ta. The root is used
V)y the natives of India as a substitute for Ca-
lumba root.
TiuciiosANTHES Cucumkr'ina. The fruit is
considered in India to be anthelmintic.
TniCHOSANTllES Inci'sa, (jtiahed Tn'choaatithca,
of the forests of India. The fruit is esteemed m
be poisonous. Pounded and intimately blended
with cocoa nut oil, it is used in India as an appli-
cation to offensive sores of the ears, and to
ozaona.
TmcnoSANTHES Villo'sa, of Java. The fruit
acts like colocynth.
TRICHOSCHISIS, Schizatrichia.
TRICHO'SIS, Plht're mnhiin ; from .?pif, rpi-
XOii 'hair.' Morbid organization or deficiency
of hair. A genus in the system of Good.
Tiiiciiosis, Entropion, Trichiasis — t. Area,
Porrigo deealvans — t. Athrix, Alopecia — t. Di.--
trix, Distrix — t. Furfuracea, Porrigo furfurans —
t. Hirsuties, Ilirsuties — t. Plica, Plica — t. Polio-
sis, Poliosis — t. Setosa, Ilystriciasis.
TRICHOTON, Scalp.
TRICIIURIS, Trichoccphalus.
TRICLISPERMA GRANDIFLORA, Polygala
paucifolia.
TRICUS'PID, Tricna'pia, Tricvapida'lh, Tri-
ciiapida'tva, from iri, and ciispia, cuapidia, 'a
point.' That which has three i)oints.
Tluctrsi'lD Valvks, V(d'vul(B Triciia'pidea sen
trifflo'chiitra seu triaul'ccp, are three triangular,
valvular duplicatures, formed by the inner mem-
brane of the right cavities of the heart, around
the orifice by which the auricle communicates
with the ventricle. The elongated and pointed
top of each of these valves is continuous with the
chordic tendineac. which set out from the columnar
carnea; of the heart. These valves are de])ressed
to allow the blood to flow from the auricle into
the ventricle ; and are raised to prevent its reflux
into the auricle.
TRIENS, Ihi'cia; qva'tiior. From in', 'three.'
The third part of a pound. Four ounces, Tro}-.
— Galen.
TRIFACIAL, Trigemini.
IIUF/b/ORO-JROTULTEX, Triceps cruris—
t. Tibt'-rottilien, Triceps cruris.
TRIFOLIUM ACETOSUM, Oxalis acetosella
— t. Ac(uaticum, Menyantbes trifoliata -^ t. Au-
reum, Ilepatica trilol)a — t. Cervinum, Eupatorium
cai.nabinum — t. Fibrinum, Menyanthes trifoliata
— t. Ilepaticum, Ilepatica triloba.
Thiko'lium Mi:lilo'ti;s Officina'i.is, T. offic"-
ind'le seu ndoro'liim seu Cdbtilli'titnii ; from tri,
and fidiiini, 'a leaf.' MeUlotua, Jfeliln'taa cit'ri-
na, Lotiia aylvea'tn'a. Ser'ttiht Compa'na, Coro'nn
re'r/>n, Common mel'ilot, (F.) Jfe/ilot. Ord. Le-
giiminosijc. iSV'.r. »'^)/s^ Diadelphia Decandria. The
infusion or distilled water of this plant has been
employed in cases of ophthalmia. It has also
been used in fomentations, gl3'sters, Ac.
TniFOMi'M Officinale, T. melilolus officinalis
— t. Paludosum. Menyanthes trifoliata — t. Pa-
lustre, Menyantbes trifoliata.
TRIGAS'TRIC, Trif/na'tricna, Trivev'tcr; from
?»■/, and yaaTTifi, 'i)elly.' That which has three
bellies. An epithet for muscles so circumstanced.
TRIGEJI'INI, Tert/eni'hii, from tri, and f/em'-
I'nva, 'double;' 'threefold,' 'triplets.' The fi/ih
pair 0/ iierrca, A'crr* diri'ai seu (/Xitnto'rli, A'er-
riia(juiiitiia seu treiiiel/iia seu iitixtiia seu ni/in/xithet'-
iviia me'dius senai/iiipnt/i' iciia medhixfcu aiioii'ynnia
seu Snnoviina'tiia.Piirlriyem'iniim seu qiiiiitinii ver-
roriim rcrehrn'/inm sen trinm fitiiiculo' rviii, Tri-
fu'fiid, (F. ) yerf giiatatlf iniwmiue, A'erf ii troia
cordea, Nerf irljiimenu. This nerve arises below
the tuber annulare by one large posterior root from
the corpora restiformia, and by two small ante-
rior roots from the corpora olivaria, whence, pro-
TRIGONE CfjREBRAL
9 30
T III S P L A N C II N I C
eoeilin;:^ forwards to tlie side of the sella Turcica,
tlie filiiiuents composing the large root form a
ganglion — the Gasseriun. Emerging from this
ganglion, the filaments, of which the large root
i-onsists, form, with those constituting the small
roots, and which had not passed through the
ganglion, two flattened trunks, each of which is
soon divided into three branches, in such a man-
i.cr, however, that the_/?)■8^ or oplithnlntic brunch,
and the secnud or upper muxUlitry, are composed
exclusively of the filaments that arose from the
corpora restiformia and passed through the Gas-
serian ganglion; whilst the third or lower imtxil-
Inry brtiuck is composed in part of those fila-
ments, and in part of those i hat arose from the
corpora olivaria, and passed on one side of the
ganglion without going through it. The whole,
tlierefore, of the first and second branches, and a
part of the third are sensiferous nerves, whilst
the remaining part of the third — the man'dtica-
iory or mcin'tic<itorij — is wholly motiferous, and
passes to the pterygoid and other muscles con-
cerned in mastication.
TRIGONE CEREBRAL, Fornix— «. VSs!cal,
see Urinary Bladder.
TRIGONEL'LA FCENUM, T. Fw'iiinn Gra-.'-
ciirii, diminutive of triyoiin, three sided — from the
shape of its flower; Fen'iKjreek, Fte'tnigreek, Eue-
imm Grte'cum, Bu'cenis, B. Foeniiut Grm'cum,
CdrpJios, ^E(joc"era'i, (F.) FcniKjrec, Seiiegroiii.
Orel. Leguminosa). Se.r. Si/it. Diadelphia Decan-
dria. A native of the south of France. The
seeds have a strong, disagreeable smell, and an
unctuous, farinaceous taste; accompanied by a
slight bitterness. They are chiefly used in poul-
tices.
TRIGONIUM OLFACTORIUM, see Mam-
niiltary eminence.
TRIGONOS, Triangular.
TRIGONUS VESICvE, see Urinary bladder—
t. Lieutaudi, see Urinary bladder.
TRIJUMEA UX, Trigemini.
TRIL'LIUM LATIFO'LIUM. from triUx,
'triple.' — all the parts being in threes, linxtd-
lenf liethroiit, Retlirouf, Riitr/efiuike root, W«L-e-
robiii, CoiKjhroot, Iniliini Ridiii, Ground Lihj,
Jews' Hnrp, Indian Sliainrovk, PiiriiiDort, Trne-
hive. Ord. Trilliaccie. Sex. Sjint. llexandria
Trigynia.. A yjlant peculiar to North America,
■which blossoms in the spring. Tlio root is as-
tringent.
There are many species of Trillium, all of which
possess the same properties.
TRIOCEFIIALIA, Aprosopia.
TRIOR'CHIS, from tri, and upx^u 'a. testicle.'
One who has three testicles.
TRTOSTEOSPERMUM, Triosteum.
TRIOS'TEUM, T. Perfylin'tnm seu mnptu, from
tri, and oanov, 'a bone,' in allusion to the three
bony nuts ; Trionte.onper' mum, Rontnrd Ipevticii-
jin'fifi, Firer Root, Fererwort, Tinker's treed,
Jforne ginseng or gentian, Tpeciic, Wild Coffee,
While ginseng, Gen'tinn, White Gentian, Sweet
Jiitter. Indigenous ; Ord. Caprifoliacesc. In
very large doses, the bark of the root proves
emetic. It is a good cathartic, in doses of twenty
r>r thirty grains. It sometimes operates as a diu-
retic.
Triostrum Augustifolium, T. minus, has
similar virtues.
TRIPE DE ROCHE. Different lichens of the
species Gyrophora, inhabiting the Arctic regions
of America, bear this naine. They are eaten as
food bv the hunters.
TRIPHAR'.MACUM, r^t^ap/w-fov. From tri,
and 'PapfiaKov, ' a medicine.' A medicine composed
of thi-e ingredients.
TRIPLET, from triplex, 'triple.' One of three
children born at the same accouchement or ges-
tation. Also, relating to triplets — as n. ' triplet
conception.'
Tuii'LKT MoNSTEns, Jlfoiistm triji'llcn seu tri.
gem' ina, are such as have parts of the body tripled.
They are rare.
TRIPOD, VITAL, (F.) Trfpied vital. The
heart, lungs, and brain have been so called, as
their united action is necessary for the maintcik
ance of life.
TRIPSIS, Contusio, Trituration.
TRIPUDIATIO SPASTICA, Chorea.
TIUQUETRA OSSA, Wormiana ossii.
TRIQUETRUM, (OS,) Cuneiform (bone.)
TRISIS, Brygmus.
TRISMUS, from Tfu^u, ' I gnash.' Entu'sia seu
Tonos Triitmns, Cajiis'triim, Mas'ticotory spasm
of the /ace. Locked J<nv, Sjiasniiis seu Rigor seu
Tet'aniis nia.rill'a! in/erio'ris, Gnathospas'nins,
Stoniatospas'nins, (F.) J/al de Machoire. Spastic
closure of the under jaw; a partial tetanus. Cul-
len makes two varieties — T. nascen'tinm sou ne-
oniito'rmn, Nineday fits, (F.) Siirrete, attacking
infants during two weeks from birth; and T. tran-
maticHs, originating from a wound.
Trismus Capistkatus, Brfdissnre — t.Catarrh-
alis raaxillaris. Neuralgia maxillaris — t. Clonicus,
Neuralgia faciei — t. Cynicus. see Canine laugh —
t. Diastrophe Sauvagesii, Paralysis, Bell's — t.
Dolorificus, Neuralgia faciei — t. Maxillaris, Neu-
ralgia faciei — t. Nascentium, see Trismus — t.
Neonatorum, see Trismus — t. Sardouicus, Ri^u3
sardonicns.
TRISPERM'UM, from tri, and a-ntpiia, 'a grain
or seed.' A cata])hism, consisting of three seeds,
— ctiinin, bay, and sniallage, Gorra^us.
TRISPLANCIINIA, Cholera.
TRISPLANCII'NIC, Trisphvuh'nicns, (F.)
Trisplanchniqne ; from tri,a.r\A o-n\(iy)^vov, ' \\si-
cus.' That which relates to three orders of
viscera.
TuisPLANcnNic Nerve, Nervus trisplanrh'ni-
cns seu synipathet'icns magnus sen sympath'iciis
seu ganglion'icns seu vaso-moto'rius, (F.) Nerf
sympathiqne ou grand sympathiqne. Great synipa-
thet'ic, Intercos'tal, Ga)iglion'ic oTver'tibral nerve,
Nerre of orgau'ic life : — named by Bichat the
organic nervous system, in opposition to the other
nervous parts, called the animal nervous system.
Gall terms if, the nerrous system of the automat' ic
functions. It hiis also been called the gangli-
onic nervous system. It is termed Trisplanchie,
because it distributes its branches to the or-
gans in the three great splanchnic cavities —
the head, chest and abdomen. It is com-
posed of a series of ganglia, united by inter-
mediate branches, and passing along the side
of the spine to the lowest part of the trunk :
communicating, by a branch, with each of the
thirty pairs of spinal nerves and several of the
cerebral nerves; and detaching nerves from its
several ganglia, which accompany the arteries,
and are distributed, particularly, to the organs
of involuntary functions. At its upper part it is
concealed in the canalis caroticus and cavernous
sinus, and is joined there by a branch of the (Jih
pair of nerves, and by a twig from the Vidian
nerve of the 5th pair. In passing down by the
side of the spine, it forms three ganglia in the
neck: — the superior, middle, (thyroid ga)iiilioii,)
and inferior, [ver'tebral ganglion); 12 in the back
— the thoracic; 5 in the loins — ihc lumbar ; and
three or four sacral. When it reaches the coccy.x
it unites with its fellow from the opposite side,
forming a small ganglion — the cocryge'ol, Gan'-
glion iin/)ar, az'ygons gnn'glion. Meckel divides
it into two portions — 1. The central ganglions or
central part, cotnposed of the numerous gangli-
ouic plexuses iu the abdomen ; the centre of which
TRISPLANCIINITIS
931
TROCIIISCUS
is the semihiniir and solar plexuses. 2. The ex-
ternal ijitiiijlioiiH, Limilriiphes or external part,
which comprise the series of ganglions situate at
the sides of the spine, from the base of the cra-
nium to the sacrum. The great sympatiietic
ficems to form a distinct nervous system, destined
for the organs of involuntary motion ; for although
couimunicaliiig with both brain and spinal mar-
row, it does not seem to be immediately under
the influence of cither. Its special functions are
not yet, however, well understood, and are the
subject — as they have always been — of much
interesting investigation.
TRlSPIiANCHNITIS, Cholera, (spasmodic.)
TlUiSSAUO, Teuerium chamasdrys — t. Palus-
tris, Teuerium scordium.
TRISTKMANIA, Melancholy.
TliISTKllN' AL. Beclard has given this name
to tiio tliird bony portion of the sternum; — that
wliicli corresponds to the third intercostal space.
TKISTITIA, Athymia, Moeror.
TlUT^OPllYA AMERICANA, Fever, yel-
low.
TRIT^OPII'YES, TrtlcBoph'ya, from rpiraioi,
'tertian,' and ^uu, 'I become.' A fever, whose
type approaches the tertian. Sauvages gave the
name Tritaeophija Vratixf((vien'sin, to an epidemic,
which broke out in the Prussian army at Ijreslaw,
in the middle of the last century.
TRIT^ US, Tertian fever.
TRIT'ICUM ^STI'VUM, from lerere, tritum,
'to thrash.' T. cerea'le seu Cevallos seu comp^tc'-
tnm seu erina'ceum seu Gaertneria'nnm seu Liii-
iicgn'nitiu seu j>rn!ito'anin, SiDiimer reheat; and
Tuit'icum lIvBKUN'ujf scu fjlaucum seu Mn'ti-
cum seu Siv'iiluin, Winter wheat, (F.) Fronient.
Ord. Gramineac. Sex. Syst, Triandria Digynia.
From these plants our wheaten flour is obtained,
by grinding the seeds — ll-7(f«^. Pi/run, Fntnicii'-
titm — and to them we are indebted for our bread
and pastry. The nutritive properties of wheaten
flour are so well known as not to need comment.
Bread, (F.) Pain, mi.xed with milk, constitutes
the ordinary emollient poultice ; — and tlie crumlis
<;/' bread, Mica pauis, are a common e.xcipient
for pills and boluses.
TiUTicuM AiiVKNSK, T. rcpons — t. Cereale, T.
seslivum — t. Cevallos, T. jcstivum — t. Com-
pactum, T. aestivuin — t. Fagiiium, Polygonum
fiigopyrum — t. Gaertnerianum, T. iBstivum — t.
(ilaucum, T. hybernum, and T. repens — t. Ilyber-
num, see T. icstivum — t. Muticum, T. hybernum
— t. Linnasanum, T. sestivum — t. Pruinosuni, T.
a^stivum.
TiiiT'iciisr Repens, T. nrven'se seu gloncnm,
Ayrop'yrum Itp.rin'simum, Broinns ijlaber, Gramen
cani'nnm seu DioHcor'idis seu repens, Liilia'venm
riidi've repen'te. Doij-grass, Coiich-graxs. QiiickKnn,
Ticitfh-graxs, (Sc.) Jionnavhs, (F.) Chiendent.
The roots are sweet, and possess aperient pro-
perties. They are said, also, to be diuretic.
TitiTici'M SictiLUAr, T. hybernum.
TRITIO, Contritio, Trituration.
TRITON PALl'STRIS, see Eetozoa.
TRITORIUM, Infundibulum.
TRITTRA, Contritio.
TRITIIRA'TIOX, Tritnra'tio, Tritn'ro, Tritnn,
Tri'lii), Tripsis, from lerere, tritiim, 'to bruise.'
Tlie act of reducing a substance to powder.
TrsiTi'iiATios, Contritio.
TRITUS, Contritio, Trituration.
TRIVEIJN. see Liver.
TIUVKN'TER. Trigastric.
TROCAR, IVochar, Ami parncent'ira seu pri-
rnri nirt'ica seu triij'iietra vntr/n'rin, Parnceiiti'-
cian, Paracentele'rion. Corrupted from the ( F. )
Troiiofnarts or Troeart, ' three quarters ;' so ealhd
from the triangular shape of the point — 7'ri<f'>irt-
rum. An instrument utcd lor evacuating fluids
from cavities, particularly in ascites, hydrocele,
&c. A trocar consists of a perforator or stylet
and a canula, which is so adapted to the fier-
iorator, that, when the puncture is made, both
enter the wound with facility ; after which, the
stylet being withdrawn, the canula remains in
the wound and affords the fluid a ready passage
outwards.
TItOCART, Trocar.
TROCII, Trochiscos.
TROCIIAN'TER, Trohanter, Rnta'tor, from
Tpo-)(_aiji, 'I turn.' Anatomists have given the
names yreal and liti/e trochanter to two processes
at the proper extremity of the femur. The great
troch<in'ter, g/uliis, is the one on the outside ; the
lens is lower down and more internally. Both
afford attachment to rotator muscles of the thigh,
and hence their name. Chaussier, by the word
trochanter, means the larger process; the smaller
he calls trocliaiilin.
TROCIIANTER'IAN, Trochanteria'nns, Tro-
hanter'ian. That which belongs or relates to the
great trochanter. — Chaussier.
TROCIIANTIN'IAN, Trohantin'ian, Troehnn-
tinia'nns. That which belongs or relates to the
trochantin or less trochanter.
TROCIIAR, Trocar.
TROCHES OF CARBONATE OF LIME,
Trochisci carbonatis calcis — t. of Chalk, Tro-
chisci carbonatis calcis — t. Escharotic, Trochisci
escharotici — t. Gum, Trochisci gunimosi — t. of
Gum Arabic, Trochisci acaciae — t. of Ipecacuanha,
Trochisci ipecacuanhiP — t. of Lactucariiim, Tro-
chisci lactucarii — t. Liquorice, Trochisci glycyr-
rhizaj — t. Liquorice, with opium, Trochisci gly-
eyrrhizae cum opio — t. of Magnesia, Trochisci
magnesiiB — t. of Morphia, Trochisci morphiae —
t. of Morphia and ipecacuanha, Trochisci mor-
phiie et ipecacuanhiB — t. Nitre, Trochisci nitratis
potassae — t. of Peppermint, Trochisci menthae
pipcritae — t. of Tartaric acid, Trochisci acidi tar-
taric!.
TROCIITA, Orbit.
TROCIIILIA, Trochlea.
TROCIIIN, from rpoxauv, 'to turn.' Chaussier
has given this name to the smaller of the tubercr
sities at the upper extremity of the os humeri;
because it gives attachment to one of the rotator
muscles of the arm, — the subscapularis.
TROCIIIN'IAN, Trochinia'nus. That which
belongs or relates to the trochin.
TROCIIIS'CUS, Phthois. Arlix'cns, Collir, Co-
li.r, Phthoia'cos, Rot'nia, Cyclis'mos, diminutive
o( rpoxof. 'a wheel.' A troehor round table, (F.)
Trochinqne. See Pastil, and Tabella. A solid
medicine, prepared of powders, incorporated by
means of mucilage, crumb of bread, juices of
plants, <fee. In French nomenclature, the tro-
chinqne differs from the tahtelte, — the former con-
taining no sugar. This form of preparatitm is
adapted for the purpose of allowing the medicines
of which the troeh is com|)osed to dissolve slowly
in the mouth, and to pass gradually into the
stomach.
The Parisian Codex has two formulae for troches
for external use.
TnocHIsci Aca'ci^, Troches of Gnm Ar'ahie.
(Acac.'^'w; Av);ili '^]; Sacchar. Wy Make into
a mass'with roxe water, and form lozenges. — Ph.
E.) To allay cough.
Tuocmsci" Ac"ini TAm-Au'iri, Troches of^Tar-
taric Acid. (Aciil. Tartar.^): .'^archar. g\\\y,
01. Limon. n\,x. Form into ir.clies with muci-
lage.— Ph. E.) Refrigerant and demulcent.
TiiocHisci Bkchici NiGui, T. glyoyrrhizae
glabrae.
Tuocnisci CAtiBONA'Tis Calcis, T. e CretCi, T.
Crclcp. (Ph. U. S.). Troches of Car'bunate of lime
or chill':, Lozenges for the heartburn, Tabel'lce ad
TROCIIISCI E CRETA
93 2
TROnil
rtr(Jo'rem ventric'iifi seu cardial'gicee sen ad so-
dam. ( Cl•e^ ppt. ,^iv ; acacia, m pulv. ^^j ; v>y-
rint. in pulv. ^^j ; Kacch. in pulv. 3VJ. 'Mf. Form
into troches with lodter.) Antacid and absorbent.
Thociiisci e Crkta, T. carbonatis calcis — t.
Cretic, T. carbonatis calcis.
Tuocmsci seu Pastil'm Emeti'n.15 Pectora'-
I.ES, Pectortd Lozeityes of Em'etine. {Sngar, ,^iv;
emetine, 32 grains. Form into lozenges of nine
grains each.) One is a dose.
TnocHisci EsciiAnoT'ici, Escharot'io Troches.
{Hi/druri/. oxymur. p. 8; amyli, p. 16; mucilag.
<j. trof/ac. q. s. Make into troches, to which a
few drops of laudanum may be ad.ded. — Ph. P.)
Used in foul ulcers, to remove excrescences, &c.
Titociiisci Eschakot'ici dk Min'io. (Oxyd.
plniiibi. ritbr. p. 16 ; hydrarc/. oxyiDur. p. 32; ntic.
jifun'H, p. 128; aq. ros<B, q. s. — Ph. P.) Used
like the last.
Tiiocnisci Glycyrrhi'z^, T. G. Glabra seu
Jiech'iti nii/ri, Li<j'uorice troches, Black pectoral
lozeitijes. (Ext. (jlyc. (/Inbr., gum. acac. aa p. j ;
Hiicch. purif. p. ij. Dissolve in warm water;
strain ; evaporate, and form into troches. — Ph. E.)
Demulcent. To allay couofh.
TR()(-iiisci Glycykrhi'z* cum O'pio, T. G. et
opii (Ph. U. S.) seu Thtba'ici seu sedati'vn-bnl-
siim'ici seu pectora'les regis Dayio'ritm, Liquorice
Troches with Opium, Wistar's Lozenges. (Opii,
in pulv. 3ss; ext. glyryrrhiz. in Tpn\v., sacch a r.
iti pulv., acacia, in ])ulv., aa t^x: ol. anixi, f_^j.
Make into troches.— Ph. U. S.) Demulcent and
anodyne.
Spilta's Lozenges for coryza, hoarseness, and
sore-throat, are composed as follows: — (Ciibeb.
recent, in pulv. g'j ; extract, tjlycyrrhiz. ,^ j ; myr-
oxyl. 2j : acacia, 3'^' "!/''"]'> <!• S- Make into
troches of ten grains each.
Tuocmsci GuMMo'si, Gum Troches. (G. acac.
p. v; amyli, p. i; sia-ch. pur. p. ,\ij. Make up
the troches with rose-water. — Ph. E.) Do-
iiiulcent.
TkciCHIS'ci IPECAOtlAN'lI/IE, Troches of Tpcca-
cwniha. (Tpecactianh. in pulv. ^ss; «acc//((C. in
pulv. 5xiv; maranta, in pulv. ^iv; tnucilag.
tragacanth. q. s. Make into troches. — Ph. U. S.)
Tuocmsci Lactuca'rII, Troches of Lactuca'-
rium. (Prepared with Lactucarium in the same
jiroportion and manner as the opium lozenges. —
Ph. E.) Each lozenge contains between the fifth
and sixth of a grain of lactucarium.
Tuocmsci Magne'si^E, Troches of Jfagne'sia.
(^fagnes. ,^iv; sacchar. Ibj ; myrist. ])ulv. ^j ;
iiinciliig. tragacanth. q. s. Make into troches. —
Ph. U. S.) Useful in acidity of the stomach, with
constipation.
Trochisci Munth^ Piperi't^, Troches of
Peppermint. (01. menth. piperit. f ,^j ; sacchar.
in pulv. Ibj; mucilag. tragacantha, C{. s. Make
into troches. — Ph. U. S.) Used as a carmina-
tive.
TliOCHlSCI MoRPn'lvE, Troches nf Jforph'ia.
(}f<>rph. Mnriat. Qj ; Tinct. Tolut. 5ss; S<icchar.
5 XXV. ]\Iake into lozenges, with mucilage,
weighing 15 grains each. — Ph. E.) Each lozenge
contains about one-fortieth of a grain of muriate
of morphia. Used to allay cough.
Trochisci Mohph'i^ et Ipecacuan'h^, Tro-
ches of Morph'ia and Ipecacuan'hn. (Morph.
ur. ^j ; Ipecac, pulv. ^} ; Tinct. Tolut. f5''S
Sacchar
;xxv. Make into a mass with muci-
lage, and form lozenges, 15 grains each. — Ph. E.)
Each lozenge contains about one-fortieth of a
grain of the muriate. Used to allay cough.
Trochisci Nitra'tis Potas'S/E, Nitre Troches.
(Potassa nitrat. p. j; «f(CcA. pur. p. iij. Make
irifo troches with mucilage of tragacanth. — Ph.
E.) In slight inflamiuatory sore-throat and
fever.
TnoCHisci PECTonALES Regis DANonnM, T.
glycyrrhizae cum opio — t. Sedalivo-balsainica,
T. glycyrrhizaj cum opio.
TrOCHIS'cI SoD/K RicAIIBONA'tIS, Troches of
Bicar'bonate of Soda. (Soda bicarb. ,^iv; sac
char, in pulv. lt)j : mucilag. tragacanth. (j. s. To
be made into a mass, and divided into troches,
each weighing ten grains. — Ph. U. S.) Antacid.
The Pastilles de Vichy, Pastilles dlgextires
d'llauterive- Vichy, Pastil'li digesti'ri Parcel' ii,
composed of bicarbonate of soda, oil <f ])cji-
perniint, and sugar, are much used in Fiaiico,
like the Vichy waters, in cardialgia, gout, and
lithiasis.
Trochisci Stibiati, Tabellae antimoniales
Kunckelii — t. Thebaici, T. glycyrrhizae cum
opio.
TROCHISQUE, Trochiscos.
TROCIl'lTER, from T//o;^<.£iv, 'to turn.' The
larger of the two tuberosities at the ujiper extre-
mity of the OS humeri ; so called because it all'ords
insertion to rotator muscles. — Chaussicr.
TROCllITER'IAN, in the language of Chaus-
sier, means any thing belonging or relating to
the trochiter.
TROCH'LEA, Trochil'ia, (F.) TrochUe ou
Trohlee. A pulley; from rpo'x^ae.iv, 'to turn,' — for
example, the articular surface at the lower extre-
mity of the OS humeri; so called from its forming
a kind of pullej' on which the ulna moves, in
flexion and extension of the forearm. Also, the
cartilaginous pulley over which the tendon of llio
trochlearis muscle passes, at the upper and inner
part of the orbit.
Trochlea Labyrinthi, Cochlea.
TROCHLEARIS, Obliquus superior oculi.
TROCHLEATEUR, GRAND, Obliquus su-
perior oculi — t. Petit, Obliquus superior oeuli.
TROCULEE, Trochlea.
TRO'CIIOID, from rpuxoi, 'a wheel,' and tiio;,
'resemblance.' Trocho'i' des, Ax'ea commissu'ra.
An articulation, in which one bone turns upon
another, like a wheel upon its axle; as the Atlu'
ido-axoid articulation.
TROCIIOIDES, Axea commissura.
TROiiNE, Ligustrum vulgare.
TROISQUARTS, Trocar.
TROKANTER, Trochanter.
TROKANTERIAN, Trochanterian.
TROKANTINIAN, Trochantinian.
TROKLEE, Trochlea.
TROLLIUS LAXUS, T. America'nu^. Globe
flower; Oc/c-c, Ranunculaceaj ; indigciioiis : has
the same medical properties as the Ranunculus.
TROMOMANIA, Delirium tremens.
TROMOPARANCEA, Delirium tremens.
TROMOS, see Paralysis agitans.
TROMOSPASMUS, Tremor.
TROMPE, Tuhn — t. d'Eustache, Eustachian
tube — t. de Fallojte, Tuba Fallopiaiia — t. Uterine,
Tuba Fallopiana.
TROMUS, Tremor.
TRONC, Trunk—*. Brachial, Brachial artery
— t. Basilaire, Basilary artery.
TROPiE'OLUM MA JUS, Nasfur'tium Tnd'i.
cum seu Pernvia'nnin, Acriri'ola, Flos saiajiiiu'-
eus monar'di, Cardamin'duni tnajus, Car'damum
majus, Indian Cress. Ord. Geraniaceac. Sex.
Syst. Octandria Monogynia. (F.) Cresson drs
fndes, Cresson du Mexique, Cajjucine. An anti-
scorbutic.
Tkop^'olum Tubero'sum, Ulluco. A tuberous
plant, cultivated in the Sierra, Peru. It is smaller
than the potato.
TROPIIALIS, Colostrum.
TROPIIE, Aliment, Cibatio, Pabulum.
TROPill. Same etymon as Trophy. In in-
TROPIIICAL
933
TUBE
sects, the parts of the mouth that are employed
in receiving; and pro|)arinK 'he food.
TROl'iriCAL, Tro/ili'icHu, (F.) Trophique.
Same etymon as Trophy, llelating to uourish-
inent or nutrition.
TitoiMi'ic'AL NiniVKS. The organic nerves, or
nerves of the syinpatlietic sy.-.tem, have been
so termed, from the belief that they are concerned
in niitrilion.
TROPIIIMOS, Nutrition.
TKOIMIOXEUKO'SES, from Tp„<t,v, 'nourish-
ment,' and lU'.nriiHiH. Morbid conditions of the
process of nutrition, owing to modified nervous
influenee. — Iloinljcrg.
TllOl'irON'OSI, Troph.nni'x!, from rfo.pv,
'nourishment,' and voaoi, 'a disease.' Diseases
of iiMtfition.
TIIOPII'Y, TrtijJi'id, rpoStj, a suffix denoting
' nourisliment or nutrition;' as in hyiitOTtrojjbi/,
'excess of nourishment or nutrition.'
TKOPONU'Sr, Jlforbi trop'ici, from rpon-ij. the
solstitial or tropical point where the sun turns or
alters its course, and lovaog, 'a disease.' Dis-
eases tliat prevail in the tropics.
TROSTER, see Spirit.
TROU, Foramen— <. Atwni/nie, Foramen stylo-
mastoideum — t. Areiig/e ou /i<iii/iie, Cajcum fora-
men— I. liortjue. of the Medulla oblongata, Fora-
men caecum of the medulla oblongata — t. c/e
Ilotii/, Cotal foramen. Ovale foramen — t. Decliire
aiiten'eiir, Lacerum anterius foramen — t. Derhiri
pi>8tSiiei(i; Lacerum posterius foramen — t. Epi-
tieiix, Spinale foramen — t. Afentoniiiei; Mental
foramen — t. Optiqiie, Foramen opticuin — <.' Or-
hihi'ne mipericiir, Foramen supra-orbitarium — t.
Oibittiiie Hiipfi-iciir, Orbitar foramen superior- — •
t. Ocale, Ovale foramen — t. lioiid, jJe/it, Spinale
foramen — t. Soiifi-nrbitaire, see Suborbitar canal
— (. Siiii8-pii.bieii, Obturatorium foramen — t. Sphe-
»i>-<'p!neit.c, Spinale foramen — t. Sua-orhitaire,
For^imen supra-orbitarium.
TROUS OAROTWIENS, Carotica foramina
— (. C(in(hjloi<lienn, Condyloidca foramina — t. de
C<iiijii;/(iiDi»i, Conjugatioriis foramina, see Verte-
bric — *. 0//'tcti/s, Olfactory foramina — t. lia-
chidicim, Spinal foramina.
TROUSSE, Case (pocket).
TROCSSM-GALAyT, Cholera morbus.
TROUSSEA U, Fasciculus.
TR 0 ('SSEA UX A H R [ERE - MESENTE-
RIQUES (F.). A name given by Winslow to
the nervous plexus situate between the two me-
senteric plexuses, of which it is a dependence,
and which descends into the pelvis to concur in
the fcirni:ition of the hypogastric plexus.
TRUI5S, Lycoperdon tuber.
TRirCIv, see Medicament.
TRIU'ULEXTUS, Homicidal.
TRUlXiEP.ACKED, see Hump.
TRin<:i,ii\-E, Paris, Trillium latifolium.
T RTF I' a. Lycoperdon tuber.
TRUFKIi!';. Lycoperdon tuber — t. Hart's,
Ebi|)lic)iiivcL's uranulatus.
TRULL. A. Fart.
TKn.MRUS. Thrombus.
TRUMPET CREEPER, Tecoma radieans— t.
Flower, Tecoma radieans — t. Weed, Eupatorium
purpureum.
TRUXrUS, Trunk.
TRUXK, TniiK-its, (F.) 7'/-o»c. The principal
part of the body, to which the limbs are articu-
lated. The trunk has been divided into three
parts: a S'ly"- '•'''"■> the head; a middle, the tho-
vni; and an inferior, the pelris. These three
rcions contain the great splanchnic cavities.
They are united by a common nialh- — the verte-
bral column. To the middle are articulated the ,
superior extremities; and, to the inferior, the
lower extremities.
The trunk of an artery, vein, nerve, or lym-
phatic, is its largest part, which has not yet given
off branches. It is, also, applied to the parent
vessel, after branches have been sent off.
TRUSS, from (F.) tron><s€r, 'to tie up.' Bm-
che'riiim, Brachie'ritim, Jirachi'le, Brochi'rolnin,
Ihiicheri'olnni, Amma, Hanimn, Subliyac'ulnni,
Siiblir/atii'rii, (F. ) Brayer. A hernial bandage
for keeping hernia reduced. The ancient trusses
were inelastic. They consisted simply of a pad
and strap. At the present day, elastic bandages
are alone employed. They possess the advantage
of making an e((uable and continuous pressure on
the aperture of the sac, and of yielding to the
changes of form in the abdcmiinal parietes. Tho
most important part of these bandages is a piece
of narrow steel, flat, and adapted to the shape of
the body. This is the spring, (F.) Ressorl. It
embraces the body on the side affected ; extends
from beyond the spine, and terminates opposite
the ruptured part, by an iron plate to which it is
riveted. The posterior surface of this plate is
furnished with a convex jjnd, (F.) Pelute, adapted
in shape and size to the aperture which it has to
close. The spring is covered with leather, and its
inner surface is padded : a strap extends from its
posterior extremity ; passes round the sound side,
and is attached to the plate of the pad. This
strap is pierced with numerous holes, which allow
the patient to tighten or slacken it at pleasure.
Trusses have been variously constructed; and
different patents obtained for the modifieations.
They all act upon the above principle. Some-
times they have a double pad.
TRYGODES, Feculent.
TRYPANON, Trepan.
TRYPESIS. Trepanning.
TRYPSIS. Friction.
TSCHERP.ET, Sherbet.
TSIIETTIK, Upas tieutfi.
TSIANA, Costus.
TSJAMPAGA, Michelia ehampaea.
TUBA, Tube — t. Aristotelica, Eustachian tube
— t. Cicca, Tuba Fallopiana — t. Uterina, Tuba
Fallopiana — t. Vocalis, Tube, vocal.
TUBAL PREGNANCY, see Pregnancy, tubal
— t. Respiration, see Murmur, respiratorv.
TUBE, Tnbn, Trumpet, Snlpinx, (F.) 'Trompe.
A name given to some parts which are hollow
and have the shape of a trumpet.
Ti'ni:, Alimkntahy, Canal, alimentary — t.
Eustachian, Eustachian tube.
TUBK, FaI-Lo'pian, Tnbn Faflopia'na seu F(d-
lopil seu uteri'nn seu cased, Metroxatptinx, Hyn'-
terosiilpinx, Oridtic'tus mulie'briK, Vas deferens
miilie' rin, Dnctnn vtirieo'sun seu Prncev'siiH Intern',
lis seu Mea'tuH seminii'lis seu Jfe'ntns Keminn' riiiH
u'teri, O'riduct, Veetor cfin<d, (F.) Trompe de
Fidlope ou uterine, is a canal, floating in the ab-
domen, and extending on each side from the
superior angles of the uterus as far as the sides
of the brim of the pelvis. They are 4 or 5 inches
long. Near the uterus, they are straight and
very narrow ; but, in their course, they widen,
become tortuous, and terminate by a free, ex-
panded, nnd fm'brifitetl extremity ; called, also,
Fidi<t'ceiim oriKimen'tum, Morsnn dinb'oli, Tnfnn-
dib'ulum seu Digilalio'nes seu Fim'brice seu Vex-
illoB seu Lncin'ice tubd'rnm Fallo'pii, (F.) Jfor-
cedu franii$, Pnvillnn de la trompe, Morcenn dn
didble. Within, the tubes are hollow and lined
by a mucous membrane : the tissue exterior to
which is spongy and erectile. The use of the
Fallopian tubes is to conduct the sperm to the
ovarium, and the fecundated ovum back to the
uterus. They establish a coiiimunication between
tho cavity of tho peritoucum and that of the
TUBER
0 8 4
TUDEIICULIZATION
uterus, the abJominnl termination being termed
Oi'lium iibdoiiiiiiu'le ; the uterine On'tiiim iiteri'-
iiiim. When the tube embraces the ovary, a fun-
nel-shaped cavity — Uorol'lu ixfuiidibuUform'ia —
is formed at its extremity, into which the ovule
passes.
Tube, Intestinal, Canal, alimentary.
Tube, Q^Isophage'al, Stumach Tube. A long
elastic gum tube, capable of being passed into
the oesophagus or stomach.
Tube, Pollen, see Pollen.
Tube, Rectal, Be/eca'tion tube. An elastic
gum tube, similar to the last, which is sometimes
passed into the colon, to remove air from that
intestine, or to enable enemata to be thrown up
into it.
Tube, Stomach, see Tube, oesophageal.
Tube, Vocal, Tuba vuva'lis. The part of the
air p.assages above the inferior ligaments of the
larynx, including the passages through the nose
and mouth.
TU13EU, Hump, Lycoperdon tuber. Tubercle
— t. Annulare, Pons varolii — t. Alloido-occlpilal,
Rectus capitis posticus minor — t. Cervinum, Ela-
phomyces granulatus — t. Cibarium, Lycoperdon
tuber.
Tubeu CINE'REU^f, T. C. cum Iiifiinih'b' ulo. A
grayish tubercle, seen at the base of the brain
behind the commissure of the optic nerves, which
is continuous with the infundibulum.
TuBEii CoupouLS Callosi, see Corpus callosum.
Tuber Fhontale, Frontal protuberance — t.
Gulosorum, Lycoper<lon tuber — t. Gutturosum,
Bronchocele — (. Ischio-lrochautirien, Quadratus
femoris — t. Ischii, see Isehiatic — t. Nigrum, Ly-
coperdon tuber — t. Pariotale, see Parietal Bones
— t. Pellagra, Pellagra — t. Tympani, Promontory
of the tytnpanum.
TUBERA TERR^, Lycoperdon tuber.
TU'BERCLE, Tnber'cnhim, Tuber, Straiujnl'-
ioii, Strcni'yttUx, Tiibef'ciilous depos'it, (vulg.)
a Kernel, a Knot, (F.) Tiibercule. A tumour
in the substance of organs, from the production
of new matter; — sensation null; growtlj slug-
gish. In Patliolorjical Aiiiilomi/, the term is
generally given to a species of degeneration
which consists of an opake matter, of a pale yel-
low colour : this, in its crude condition, has a
consistence analogous to that of concrete albu-
men : it subsequently becomes soft and friable,
and gradually ac(juires a consistence and appear-
ance analogous to those of pus. Tubercles may be
developed in different parts of the body: but they
are most frequently observed in the lungs and
mesentery. Pulmonary tubercles, Piientiinphi/'-
mula, Tiiber'cu/ii Pu/nio'num, (F.) TnberculeH pud-
WDiim'res, are the cause of Tuber'culur Phthisis.
Mt'seiiteric tubercles are often met with in the
same affection, but particularly in Tubes Mesen-
tcrica. Laennec classes tubercles among the
accidental tissues, which have no resemblance to
the natural tissues, and which never exist except
in consequence of morbid action. Others con-
sider them as a scrofulous degeneration. Brous-
sais conceives that thej' are produced exclusively
by inflammation of the white vessels, whose ex-
istence, however, is more than questionable.
When tubercles in any organ are few in number,
they may pass to the state of permanent indura-
tion without danger to the patient; but when
they are very numerous, they usually cause se-
rious mischief. Dr. Baron considers that they are
ptroduced by hydatids. The morbid condition
which gives rise to the development of tubercles,
Tiibereuliid'tiou, is termed Tuhcrcnlu'sia, Jforbus
t'lbercu/o'sus, Siruniosis seu Phi/niato'sia pulmo-
intm, and Di/sci-n'sia TubercHl(>'s<t. Tubercles are
seen of various forms, — to wit, in fine points, (F.)
J'otisniere talerculeuae, gray and yellow granu-
lations, miliary tubercles; and gray and yellow
tubercular masses, softened, and cretaeeo\is.
Tubeucle, Black, Melanosis — t. Painful sub-
cutaneous, see Neuroma.
TUBERCLES OF THE AREOLA, sec Mam-
ma.
TuBEncLES, Pearly, T. seba'ceous mil'lury,
Follic'u/ar cleva'tioiis. Small colieclions of se-
baceous matter in the sebaceous glands or duels,
often seen in the thin skin of the lower eyelids,
where they sometimes attain an inconvenient
size.
Tubercles, Sebaceous Miliary, T. pearly.
TUBER'CULA ARAN'TII, Cor'jmmseu Cor-
piis'culd Ar<tu'tii, Tubercles i>/ Ariiulius or Annizl.
Small eminences at the middle part of the convex
edge of the semilunar valves of the iiulmonary
artery and aorta.
TuBEUciiLA Arthritica, Calculi, arthritic — t.
Cerebri, Encephalophymata — t. (Jonorrhoiea, (jo-
norrhoea impura — t. Ilepatis, Ilefjtilo-slrumnsie —
t. Intestinorum, Enterophymata — t. Nervorum
nodosa. Ganglions, nervous — t. Parva durse iiia-
tris, GlanduUe Pacchioni — t. Peritonivi. Cadio-
phymata — t. Pulmouum, see Tubercles (of the
lungs) — t. Quadrigemina,- Quadrigeiuina Tuber-
cula.
TUBER'CULAR, Tuber'culous, Tuherculo'sus,
Tuber'culute, Tuber' cidated, (F.) Tubercideujr,
Tubcrcule. That which relates to tubercles, or
which is formed by tubercles.
Tubercular or Tuberculous Constitution
or Diathesis, Phlliisio'sis, i.s the habit of body
which predisposes to tubercular phthisis; as Tu-
bercuhius Cachex'iu, Tuberculo'sis, 3l(>rbus tuber-
culo'sus, Dijsvra'sin tuberculo'sa, is the condition
of one labouring under tuberculosis.
Tubercular Matter. A morbid production,
contained in cysts, or loose in the tissue of or-
gans. It varies, in its consistence, at the difl'er-
ent periods of the tubercular affection : being, at
first, compact, and yellowish; at times, calca-
reous ; afterwards pultaceous, semi-fluid, and
curdy. See Tubercle.
Tubercular Phthisis is that produced by the
development of tubercles in the lungs.
Tubercular Sore Thkoat, Pharyngitis, folli-
cular.
TUBERCULATR, Tubercular.
Tubeuculate Sauco'ma of Ab'ernethy, Em-
phy'ina Siircomn tnberculo'sum, Tumor tubercii-
losus. Tubercles, firm, round, and clustering;
pea-sized or bean-sized; yellowish or brownish-
red; when large, disposed to ulcerate, and pro-
duce a painful, malignant, and often fatal sore.
Found chiefly in the lymphatic glands of the
neck; often, simultaneously, in other glands and
organs.
TUBERCULATED, Tubercular — t. Liver,
Cirrhosis.
TUBERCULE, Tubercle.
TUBERCULE, Tubercular.
TUBERCULES BIJUMEAUX, Quadrige-
mina tubercula — t. des Olandcs lympliatiques.
Scrofula — t. dit Foie, Hepcitostrnmosie — t. des
Gau'jUons Jfesenteriqnes, Tabes mesenterica —
t. of the Larynx and Fauces, Pharyngitis,
follicular — t. Miliary, see Granulation — t.
Pisiformes, Mamillary tubercles — /. Puliitoiioires,
see Tubercle — t. Qiuidrijumeaux, Quadrigemina
corpora.
TUBERCULEUX, Tubercular.
TUBERCULI'TIS. a word of hybrid forma-
tion; from tuberculnm, 'a tubercle,' and ills,
denoting inflammation. Inflammation of a tu-
bercle or of tubercular masses. — Jos. Frank.
TUBERCULIZATION, see Tubercle.
TUBERCULOSIS
0 3 5
TUNAS
TUP.KRCULO.SIS. see Tubercle, and Tubcrcu-
r^/ Ciiclicxiu — t. Laryni^is et Tnicbcae, Phthisis
l.irynf;eii — t. Piiliiiotiuin. Phthisis puluioualis —
t. Tcrt'-tiriiriiiii, VcvtifUriil discMse.
TdlJKKCULOSUS, Tuhercular.
Ti:i5KUCUL0l'S. Tubercular— t. Deposit, Tu-
bercle — t. Disease of the Lunj^s, Phthisis pul-
lll'inalis — t. Dust, Poimniire tnlieicnlenic.
Tl.'BKKCULUM, diminutive of tuber, Tu-
bercle.
TfBKncin.TiM Cine'rkum, 'Ash coloured tuber-
cle;' Fimri'olii riiie'rea. A mass of cineritious
substance at the top of the calamus scriptorius,
which is continuous below with the posterior
horn of cineritious substance in the cord, and
upon the sides with the corpus restiforine.
TrnKRCi'i.rM Lacrymalk. see Lachrymal
puncta — t. Loweri, Lower, tubercle of.
TIJBEROSITAS, Tuberosity — t. Tympani,
Promontory of the tympanum.
TUBEUOSITE BICII'ITALE, Bicipital tu-
bercle— t. Sci'iliqiie, see Ischiatic.
TUBEROS'ITY. Tuhisrus' itux, (F.) TuheroxltS,
from h(bci-, 'a bump.' Anatomists have given
this name to an eminence or process, the surface
of which is unecjual and rough ; and which gives
attachment to muscles or ligaments.
TUBES OF FERREIN, see Uriniferous Tubes.
TUB! MEMBRANACEI, see Villous mem-
branes.
■ TU'BULAR, Tubula'ih, Tubiilo'niifi, (F.) Tit-
hitl'.'Kx, Tiibiilaire. Same etymon as the ne.\t.
Relating to or having the form of a small tube.
An epitlict ap|)lied to glands — Ghin'cliilm tiihn-
lii'fia:, which, like those of the stomach, have the
shape of small tubes.
TiiBiiLAii Blowing Sound, see Murmur, respi-
ratory— t. Neurine, see Neurine — t. Substance of
the Ki'lney, see Kidney.
TUBULE, Ta'bnlKs; diminutive of Tuba, 'a
tube.' A small tube.
rUnULEUX, Tubular.
TUBULI BELLINI, Uriniferous tubes— t.
Contort!, see Uriniferous tubes— t. Dura< matris.
Sinuses of the dura mater — t. Ferreinii, see Uri-
niferous tubes — t. Nervei, Nerve libres — t. Pel-
vis renura, see Calix — t. Recti, see Rete testis and
Uriniferous tubes — t. Seminiferi, see Testicle
— t. Seminales, see Testicle — t. Uriniferi Bellini,
Uriniferous tubes.
TUBULOSUS, Tubular.
TUBULUS, Cannula — t. Centralis Modioli,
see Tractus spiralis foraminulentus.
TUBUS ACUSTICUS, Ear- trumpet — t. Ali-
mentarius. Canal, alimentary — t. Intestinorum,
Canal, alimentary— t. Nervorum, Neurilemma—
t. PoUinicus, see Pollen — t. Yermicularis caeci,
Appendix vermiformis c;uci.
TUCKAIIO, Lycoperdon tuber.
TUE-CIIIES', Colchicum autumnale.
TULBACi'HIA ALLIA'CEA. A South Afri-
can plant, Nat. Old. Asphodelese, the bulbs of
which, .boiled in milk, arc recommended in phthi-
sis and as an anthelmintic.
Titlba(jhln cepa'cea and T. viola'cea, serve the
eanio pur|)ose.
TULIP, CAPE, Homeria collina — t. Tree,
Liriodeiidron.
Tl'LIPIEn. Liriodendron.
TULIPIKERA LIRIODENDRON, Lirioden-
dron tulipifera.
TUMEF\CTIO. Swelling— t. Mollis, PuflSness.
TUiMESCENTIA PITUITOSA, Leucophleg-
matia.
'JT.UEUR, Tumour — t. Annmnle, see Hfema-
todes fungus — '. Bluuchc, llydrarthru.s — ^ Cn-
vrniciiie, "see llicmatodes^ fungus — t. Eiicfj,ha-
luide, Encepbaloid — «. Ereclile, see Ilxmatudes
fungus — t. FoDgn'irle, Encephaloid — t. Fottf/iieuiff
Encephaloid — (. Ilemorrhiiyitde circoimcrile, see
Aneurism — t. LyinjJintique dee aiticiilatiniiii,
llydrarthrus — t. Qiiiivoie, Encephaloid — I. I'ul-
]ieiiae, Encephaloid — t. Sj)lein'foniie, Encepha-
loid— t. SpoiifjicKHr, Encephaloid — t. Vuriqiieufc,
see llaptnatodes fungus.
TUMOR, Swelling, Tumour— t. Albus, ITydr.ar-
thrus — t. Anoinalus, lla-niatodes fungus — t. Artu-
um, Obdormitio- — t. Capitis Sanguineus, Cephala-
matoma — t. Carneus, Sarcoma — t. Cysticus, En-
eysiis — t. Cysticus serosus, Hygroma — t. Des-
moides, Tumour, fibrous — t. Fibrosus, Tumour,
fibrous — t. Ficosus, Ficus — t. Flatulentus, Em-
physema— t. Fugax, see Fugacious — t. Fungo-
sus articuli. Spina ventosa — t. Fungosus sangui-
neus, IIa?inatodes fungus — t. Gangliformis, (Jan-
glion, nervous — t. Genarum, Meloncus — t. Genu
albus, Geuocaee — t. Glandulae parotideae, Paroii-
doncus — t. Laeteus, Galactocele — t. Lardeu?,
Stcatoma — t. Malarum, Meloncus — t. Oviirii,
Oarioncus — t. Parotidis, Parotidoneus — t. Pro-
statas, Prostatoncus — t. Renalis, Nepbroncus — t.
Sanguineus, Ilwmatoiua — t. Sciuamiformis carno-
sus, Lepidosnrcoma — t. Tuberculosus, Tulieroi-
late sarcnina — t. Tunicatus, Encystis — t. Uteri.
Ilysteroncus.
TUMOUR, from tiimeo, 'Iswell ;' Tumor, Oncos,
O11C118, E/>nr'tiia,Epnrsiii, Emphi/'mn,ExcreK(Cii'lia
(Sauvages), Ecpliy'mn, (Sc.) Sirahiie, (F.) Tamciir.
A rising or prominence, of greater or less size,
developed by a morliific cause in some part of the
body. Cullen delines a tumour to be •' a j)artial
swelling without inflammation." Sauvages re-
stricts the terra to a rising formed by the conges-
tion of a fluid ; and he calls excreKcences those
which have a fleshy or osseous consistence. Boycr
defines it " any preternatural eminence developed
on any \>nri of the body." Good uses it synony-
mously with tubercle. Boyer's is the best gene-
ral definition. Tumours differ greatly from each
other; according to their seat, the organs inte-
rested, their nature, Ac.
The French use the term Tvmeur blanche sy-
nonymously with White Swell ill (J ; — see Ilydrar-
thrus. The term is, however, applied by the
generality of surgeons to swellings of the greater
joints, without change of colour of the skin, and
of a more or less firm consistence, which are de-
pendent upon disease of the osseous or of the soft
parts about the joint.
Scrofula is the most common cause of these
affections.
TuMocn, Ceixulo-Fibrotis, Tumour fibro-cel-
lular — t. Epithelial, see Epithelial.
Tumour, Fibro-Cel'htlar, Celhdo fhronn tu-
mour. A soft and elastic form of fibrous tumour,
a variety of the (jehttiiious sarcoma of Rokitansky,
of which the softer kind of polypus of the nose is
an example.
Tumour, Erec'tilk. A tumour produced by
the development of a soft, vascular tissue, which
is susceptible of elevation and depression. See
Erectile.
Tumour, Fibro-Plastic, Sarcoma.
Tumour, Fibrous, Fibrous growth, Fibro'mn,
Fibroid, Tito'ma, Tumor Jibro'sus seu deswuides,
luohylo'tiia. A tumour or growth formed of
fibrous tissue.
Tumour, Laminated Nacreous Fattv, Cho.
lesteatoma — t. Milk-like, Encephaloid — t. Phan-
tom, see Fantom.
Tumour. Var'itOSE, Tumor varico'sus. A
circumscribed, bluish tumour, formed by the dila-
tation and turgescenee of the capillary vessels of
a part.
TuMoun, Vasculau, see llaemorrhois and
Nreviis.
TUNAS, see Cactus opuntia.
TUNBRIDGE
936
TURNING
TUNBRIDGE, MINERAL WATERS OF. A
celebrated acidulous chalybeate in Kent, Enirland,
a few miles distant from the village of Tunbridge,
and thirty-six miles south of London, which is
much frequented. It contains carbonic acid, car-
bonate of iron, and sulphate of magnesia.
TUNDA OCULI, Conjunctiva membrana.
TUNUUS CORDIS, Macro cordis.
TUNIC, Tii'iiicn, Ghi'toii, a coat. An enve-
lope. A name given to different membranes,
which envelop organs ; as the tunics or coats of
the eve, .stomach, bladder, Ac.
TUNICA ACINALIS, Uvea — t. Aciniformis,
Uvea — t. Acinosa, Uvea — t. Adnata, Conjunc-
tiva— t. Adventitia, see Artery — t. Agnata, Con-
junctiva— t. Albaoculi, Sclerotic — t. Albuginea,
Albuginea, see Kidney — t. Albuginea oculi. Scle-
rotic— -t. Allantoides, Allantois — t. Arachnodes,
Arachnoid membrane — t. Aranea, Arachnoid
membrane — t. Caduca, Decidua — t. Candida oculi,
Sclerotic — t. Carnosa, Panniculus earnosus — t.
Celluhiris, see Artery^t. Conjunctiva, Conjunc-
tiva— t. Costalis, Pleura — t. Crassa, Decidua — t.
Crystallina, Arachnoid membrane — t. D^irtos,
see Dartos — t. Dura oculi, Sclerotic — -t. Durior et
crassa. Sclerotic — t. Elastica, see Artery — t. Ely-
troidcs. Vaginalis tunica — t. Erythroides, Cre-
niaster' — t. Exterior ovi, Decidua — -t. Externa, see
Artery — t. Extima oculi. Sclerotic — t. Farcimina-
lis, Allantois — t. Fibrosa, see Folliculi Graafiani
— t. Filamentosn, Decidua — t. Glabra, see Artery.
Tu.vicA GuANULo'sA. An investment of the
ovum exterior to the zona pellucida, described by
Dr. Dnrry, but the existence of which, as a struc-
ture, distinct and independent from the membrana
granulosa, is denied.
Tunica IIoutknsis, Dianthus caryophyllus —
t. Innominata oculi, Sclerotic — t. Interna oculi.
Retina. — t. Intiraa, see Artery.
Tunica Jaco'bi, Jleitibro'iia Jnc.o'bi, Jacob's
emit or iiie.inbi<i)ie. A highly delicate serous
membrane, interposed between the retina and
llie clioroid coat, discovered b}' Dr. Jacob, of
Dublin. Its structure is curious, being composed
of cylindrical, transparent, highly refractive staflf-
sliaped bodies, and hence called Strntnm bnci/lo'-
riim seu haciUa'tnm, Ha'cilliir Ini/er of the retina,
which are arranged perpendicularly to the sur-
face of the retina, their outer extremities being
imbedded, to a greater or less depth, in a layer
of the pigmentum nigrum.
Ti'NicA Mkdia, see Artery — t. Muscularis,
Dartos — t. Nervea oculi. Retina — t. Nervorum,
Neurilemma — t. Perforata, Uvea — t. Praetensa
abdominis. Peritonaeum — t. Propria, see Kid-
ney — t. Reticularis, Retina — t. Retiformis,
Retina — t. Rhagoides, Choroidea tunica, Uvea
— t. Rubicunda scroti, Dartos — t. Rubra,
Dianthus caryophyllus — t. Ruyschiana, see
Choroid — t. Subcostalis, Pleura — t. Thoracis,
Corset — t. Uvalis, Uvea — t. Uvea, Uvea —
t. Uviformis, Uvea — t. Vaginalis, see Vaginal —
t. Vaginalis Linguse, see Tongue — t. Vaginalis
Propria, Vaginal coat of the Testicle — t. Vagi-
nalis reflexa. Vaginal coat of the Testicle — t.
Vaginalis testis, see Testicle — t. Vasculosa oculi,
Choroid, see Eye.
Tunica Vasculo'sa Testis, Pia mater testis.
An extremely delicate membrane, consisting of
minute ramifications of the spermatic vessels
united by areolar tissue, vphich separates the
lobules of the testis from each other. It is situ-
ate immediately witliin the tunica albuginea, and
encloses the substance of the gland. It sends
processes inward that separate the lobules, in the
same manner as the pia mater is reflected between
the convolutions of the brain.
TrNicA ViTREA, Hyaloid membrane.
TUNICULA, Clitoris.
TUNIQUE ALBUGIXEE, Albuginea — «.
Commune de Hieliat, Endangium.
TUN'NELLING. A term, sometimes cm-
ployed for the treatment of stricture of the urethra,
by making pressure upon it from within so as to
promote its removal by alisorption.
TUNNYFISil, SALTED. Omotarichos.
TUPIILO-ENTKRITIS, Typhlo-enteritis.
TUPIIUS, Typhus.
TUPINARIA, Talpa.
TURBA HiEMORRIIOIDALIS, see IIa;mor-
rhois.
TURBATIONES ANIMI, Affections of tho
mind.
TUR'BINATED BONES, 0«sa tHrhina'ta.
Bones shaped like a top ; from turbo, turbiiiis or
ttirben, 'atop;' Ofsa tpovyio'sa, O. ter'tia mnx-
illcB siiperio'ris, Ooninii, Coiiclia: vii'riutn seu
veii'eris, Tnr'biiies Hani sou iia'riiim, VomhyVia,
lincci'na, Lam'ina spoiii/lo'sa nasi, (Y.) Cornels.
Very thin, bony plates, rolled up in the form of
horns, and situate in the nasal fossa. 1. On spon-
yio'snm snpe'rius or Cornet de Morymjni ; — tlie
highest. 2. Os sponyiosnm me'dinm, the middle
cornu of French anatomists, — the elhmoid'nl coriiu
or Os spontjiostim snperius seu tnrbinatiim, of
English anatomists, Os conroln'tnm eiiperins,
Concha, C. na'rium superior seu Monjntpiia'na,
(F.) Cornet moi/en. This bone projects inwards
and downwards into the cavity of the nose, from
the ethmoid cells at the side of the nasal lamella,
and serves to enlarge the organ of smell. It is
convex towards the septum, and concave out-
wards. 3. Os Kjjonr/iosnni seu tiirbinatnm iii/eriiis.
Concha inferior, Convolu'tnm in/eriiis os, Os sons-
ethmoiddl (Ch.), projects at the under part of the
side of the nose, is convex towards tlie septum,
and concave outwards. It is connected to the
OS maxiUare, os palati, and os unguis. 4. Sphe-
no'id'al cornu.
All the turbinated bones extend the olfactory
surface.
TURBINES NASI seu NARIUM, Turbinated
bones.
TURBITH BLANC, Globularia alypura — t.
Mineral, Hydrargyrus vitriolatus — t. Montpel-
lier. Globularia alypum — t. Noir, see llydrargyri
oxydum cinereum — t. Plant, Convolvulus tur-
pethnm.
TURBO CEREBRI, Pineal gland.
TURGENTIA, Turgescence.
TURGES'CENCE, Tnrf/es'cency, Tnrgid'Hy,
Tiir'(jidness, 7'nrgescen'lia, Tnrr/eu'tia, Oripts'mus,
from tnrtjescere, 'to begin to »\ic\\,' tnrijere, ' Ui
swell.' Superabundance of humours in a part.
The term 'J'loycscence of Bile was formerly used
to denote the passage of that fluid into the sto-
mach, and its discharge by vomiting. A vital
action of turgescence or expansibility — Turgor
vita'lis — has been presumed to exist in certain
organs, as in the capillaries ; but the generality
of physiologists do not admit it.
TURGESCENTIA, Turgescence.
Turgksckn'tia Vesic'ui.jK FKi.T-'icyic, Asci'tea
Hep'ato-ci/s'ticns, Physco'nia SCU Cystoce'le bili-
o'sa, HepataVgia Pctitin'na, Hi/drocholecys'tis,
Hydrops vesi'cfB fell'ecB, (F.) Ilydropisie de hi
Vesicule dit Fiel, Distension de la Vesicide dn
Fiel, Choi icysfiectasie. Distension of tho gall-
bladder by bile.
TURGIDITY, Turgescence.
TURGIDNESS, Turgescence.
TURGOR VITALIS, see Turgescence.
TURMERIC, Curcuma longa, Sanguinaria
Canadensis.
TURN OF LIFE, see Menses.
TURNING, Versio, from (F.) toumer, 'to turn.'
(F.1 Version.
Versio FcetOs. The operation of bringing
TURNIP
937
TYMPANITA
down the feet, or some part of the lower extremity, i|
when the presentation of the chihl is such thiit I'
it ciinnot Ue delivered hy tlie natural efforts.
TLMiXIP, I5ras.sica rapa — t. Dra;,'()n, Arum
triphyliUMi — t. Indian, Arum triphyllum — t.
PopiiiT, Arum tripliyllum.
TURN'S, MensL'.s.
Tnitl'HXTrXK, Terehinthina— t. Bordeaux,
pee Pinus .sylveslris — t. Briangon. see Pinus cem-
bra — t. Cliio, see Pistacia terebinthus — t. Com-
luon, see Pinus sylvestris — t. Common, American,
dee Pinus sylvestris — t. Cyprus, see Pistacia
terehintiius — t. Damarra, see Pinus damarra — t.
Lombeya, see Domhuya excelsa — t. Horse, see
Pinus sylvestris — t. Strasl)urg, see Pinus picea.
Ttilli'KNTiNE Thkk, Pistacia terebinthus.
Tiiiti'K.viiNE, Vknick, see Pinus larix — t. Ve-
nice, true, see Pistacia terebinthus — t. White, see
Pinus svlvostris.
TIIRPETHUM, Convolvulus t.urpethum — t.
Minerale, llydrargyrus vitriolatus — t. Nigrum,
Jlyilrargvri oxvdum cinereum.
TUIt<)inyrTE, Ilerniarla glabra.
TURQUOISE. Tills stone has been long im-
agined to change its colour, according as the
•wearer is at the time in good or bad health : —
a superstitious notion.
TURTLE BLOOM. Chelone glabra— t. Green,
Chelonia nivdas — t. Head, Chelone glabra.
TURUNJM. Tent.
TURUN'D.E ITAL'TC/E. Pastes made of
the finest and most glutinous wheat — known
under the names of Jfaccaruiii, Vermicelli and
Ititlidii or C<(<//i'iri piinte.
TUUUNDilLA, Tent.
TUSCARORA ACID SPRING, see Canada,
mineral waters of.
TUSSACA RETICULATA, Goodyera pubes-
cens.
TUSSEDO, Tussis.
TUSSrCULA, Tussis.
TUSSIC'ULAR, Tiomicila'rix, Tiissicih/x,!",
from diminutive of timiiH, 'a cough.' llelating
to a ooiiL'h. or to a slight eousrh.
TUSSrCULOSUS, Tussicular.
TUSSILA'GO, T. Fur'/aia seu vuhjn'ris, from
ttimiin, 'a cough,' which it relieves; Be'chinm,
JSe'chiou, Cnl'cenm eqni' itnm, OhnmadeH'ce, Clni-
mip.gei' ran, Fil'iiiK nnte piitrem, Farfitrel'ln, Gnl-
lluiiuvchns, Fdiftiid, F. lic'chiinii, Uii'ijuln cn-
bfilli'),,,, CoUx/not, Foal-foot, (F.) l\ts d'diie,
Herhe de Saiiit-Qninn. Ord. Compositae. Nex.
Si/nt. Syngcnesia Polygamia Superflua. It is
demulcent and expectorant, and has been used
in coughs, and pulmonary affections in general,
aud in some cutaneous diseases.
'TussiLAGO Faufaha, Tussilago — t. Ilybrida,
T. petasites.
T()ssii,AGO Petasi'tes, T. Jn/'bn'dn seu pe-
trisllcx hermnphrodl'ta, Petanitex, P. major seu
ridieiiK seu o/ficinn'h'H seu hi/'bridus seu viil</rt'ris,
liiitterhiir, Pctiloit-wort. The roots of this plant
have been recommended as aperient and alcxi-
pharmic. They have a strong smell; and a bit-
terish, acrid taste, of the aromatic kind, but not
agreeable.
Tl'SSII.AOO PrTASITRS IlERJfAPHRODITA, T.
petasites — t. Vulgaris, Tussilago.
T['SSIS — diminutive, TiiHsic'iila ; Jifffma,
JIpx, Tnnne'do, /ieuris, TiiKfis iiervo'uri, Cotiir'-
rh„x. Pncisix Tiimix, Con,,/,, Co„;,h!„;,, (Prov.)
Coiif', (Av.) IIoxi, Hoaxl. Hoixf. (F.) Toiix. A vio-
lent, sonorous, frequent, and short expiration, by
means of which the air, in passing rapidly
through the bronchia and trachea, carries along
with ft tlie mucus of tlie parts, which forms the
Fputa. The cough is said to be dri/, when unac-
comi'anied by expectoration. It is symptumatic
of many diseases. See Bronchitis.
Trssrs Ampiikmerina, Pertussis — t. Asinina,
Pertussis — t. Brouchica, Cough, tubal, see Bnm-
chitis— t. Canina, Pertussis — t. Catarrhalis Sim-
plex, Catarrh — t. Clamosa, Pertussis — t. Clan-
gosa. Pertussis — t. Convulsiva, Pertussis — t.
Delassans, Pertussis — t. Ferina, Pertussis — t.
Pueros strangulans. Pertussis — t. Quinta, Per-
tussis— t. Senilis, Bronchitis (chronic) — t. Spas-
modica. Pertussis — t. Stomaclialis, Pertussis —
t. Suffocans, Pertussis — t. Suffocativa, Pertussis
— t. Tussiculosn. Pertussis.
TUSSI\'^E; Tuxsi'viw ; from tiixxis, 'cough.'
Belonging or relating to cough : — as tiixxlve vibra-
tion ; the vibration of the parietes of the chest,
caused by coughing.
TUTAM'INA, pi. of Tutnmen, 'a defence,' 'a
protection,' from tntiire, 'to defend.' Parts are
so called which defend or j)rotect each other.
TiJTAMiNA Ceu'ebi:! are the scalp, pericra-
nium, bones of the skull, and tlie uieninges.
TuTAMiNA Oc'uLl are the eyebrows, eyelids,
and laclirvmal apparatus.
TUTENAtJ, Zincum.
TUTilLA, Tutia.
TU'TIA, Pom'phohjx, Codwi'a, Alfoxfi, 3fe-
sera, Cupiii'tix, Tiithia, Ox'i/diiin ziiici impii'riim.
The oxyd of zine that attaches itself to the chim-
neys of furnaces in which ores of zinc are smelted.
It is in the form of gray incrustations; and is
sometimes used for making an eye-salve. It is
prepared, for this purpose, by levigation.
TUTTKRING, Stuttering.
TWIGG'S HAIR DYE,'see Hair dye.
TWIN. Gemellus.
TWINGE, see Pain.
TWINKLING OF THE EYE, Nictation.
TWINLEAF, COMMON, Jeffersonia Bartoni.
TWINROOT, Orchis.
TWINS, SIAMESE. Two brothers, Chang
and Eng, connected by means of a ligamentous
band passing from the epigastrium of one to that
of the other, who were exhibited in various parts
of Europe and America, about the year 1830.
They have lived in North Carolina, are married,
and have children. See Xiphopages.
TWITCH-GRASS, Triticum repens.
TWITCHING, Tie.
TYCH'ICA, from tvxi, 'accident.' Fortuitous
lesions or deformities. The 7th class of Good's
Noxolog,/.
TYLE, Callosity.
TYLOMA. Callosity.
TYLOPII'ORA ASTHMAT'ICA, Ascle'piaa
nxtliiiKit'lcfi, Ci/ii(ni'c!iiiin Jpecficiiaii'lia seu vonii-
to'rium seu viridijto'rnm seu ioiiiento'siim, Ipeca-
CKtuhd of the Ixle of France, (F.) Jpecaciiaiiha
blanc de V lie de France. Order, Asclepiadacese.
A native of various parts of the East Indies, both
of the continent and islands. The root is acrid,
and is used on the coast of Coromandel as a sub-
stitute for ipecacuanha. In large doses, it is
emetic; in smaller, often repeate<l, it is cathartic.
It is recommended, also, as a diaphoretic, aud
espoeiallv in humeral asthma.
TYLOSIS, Callosity.
TYLUS, Callosity.
TYMMA. W(uind.
TYM PAS^, Tympanum.
TY."\IPANAL." Tympanic.
TYMPAXAL, Cadre dn tympan.
TYMPANIA. Tympanites'.
TYMPAXIAS, Tympanites.
TYM'PANIG, Tympan'icux, T,,m'pnnal, (F.)
Ttpnpaniqne; same etymon as Tympanum. Re-
lating to the tympanum, as 'tympanic canal.'
TvMPANic Nekve, see Petrous ganglion.
T YMPA XI Q UE. Tympanic.
TYMPANITA, Tym'panites.
TYMPAXITE
938
TYPHOUS
TYMPANITE, Tympanites.
TYMPAXI'TKS. Emphijie'ma sen Pnenmato'-
sis Abdotn' ini's, Hydrops Ti/iiipniiites, Affec'lio
ti/nipiiiiit'ico, Ectympano'sin, Hi/dmps abilomiins
(lereni, Aern'sin, Aero-eiiterect<t'sln, Aereiiterec-
to'slii, tJiiterderectd'ulii, Pln/nocae'lin, Ti/iiip(ino'-
si'h, Phi/ae'mo, Pliyse'sin, Ili/dropt siccim et Jlntu-
leiitim, Tynipn'nia, Tyiupa'tiiim, Ti/mpani'tn, T'ym-
pctiii'tin, Emphyte'mn Tympanites, E. Tympatiit'-
icHin, Jfeteon'siii'itK, Tym'paiiy, 3fe't('on'sni, Wind
drapiy, (F.) Tyiii/xinite, Piieiuniitose peritonerde,
]J<(n<>uiieme>it, from TvixTzavov, 'a drum ;' so called
because the abdomen is distended with wind, and
sounds like a drum when struck. A swelling of
the ahdouien, caused by accumulation of "air in
the intestinal tube or in the peritoneum. Tym-
panites may be idiopathic or symptomatic. The
former dejiends upon exhalation of air from the
inner surface of the intestine, or from the decom-
position of substances contained in it; the latter
is the result of some organic affection, and often
depends upon obliteration of the digestive tube,
which prevents the gas from escaping. Idiopa-
thic tympanites may bo more readily cured. The
symptomatic ia usually fatal. On dissection in
such cases, the stomach and intestines are found
enormously distended ; with strangulation or
disorganization of some part of the mucous mem-
brane of the intestine. Carminatives may be
proper when tympanites depends upon atony of
the digestive organs: but, in cases of the symp-
tomatic kind, they cannot be productive of ad-
vantage, and may do harm.
Sometimes the air is contained in the cavity
of the peritoneum — constituting Tympani'tea oh-
dnmliia'lis, Aeroperitonie, of some: — the accumu-
lation in the intestines being called Tympani'tes
intestliin'lis.
Tympanites, Uterine, Physoraetra.
TYMPANI'TIS, hijlnmmn'tin tym'pnni ; from
TvpiTavov, 'a drum,' and itis, denoting inflamma-
tion. Inflammation of the lining membrane of
the middle ear. Also, tympanites.
TYMPANOSIS, Tympanites.
TYM'PANUM, ru^urrai-oK, ' a drum.' The Dckot
or barrel of the ear. The names Cavity of the
Tympixiinm or of the Drum, Cdv'itas seu Cnvum
Tym'pnni, Antrum seu cavitna antro'sa Attria,
(F.) Tympan, Cnvite die tympan, Cniaae dti tam-
bour ou dn Tympan — have been given to a cavity
of an irregular shape, which constitutes the mid-
dle ear, and has been compared to a drum. It is
situate in the pars petrosa of the temporal bone,
between the meatus auditorius externus and the
labyrinth. This cavity is lined by a mucous
membrane; and communicates, externally, by
means of the Eustachian tube, which is situate
between it and the pharynx. The tympanum
has six parietes. 1. An external, which is almost
entirely formed of the j\lembrane of the Drum,
jifemhra'na tym'pani, Diaphray'nin seu Ifediaati'-
tium seu Tegnmen'tum auris, Jfyrin'ga, JIfyrinx,
(F.) Membrane dit tympan — a species of thin,
transparent, circular septum ; convex within, and
concave without, which closes the inner extremity
of the meatus auditorius. 2. An internal, on
•which are the Fenea'tra ovn'lia, Prom'ontory, and
Fora'men rotun'dnm. 3. A superior. 4. An in-
ferior, on which is the glenoid fiasure. 5. A pos-
terior, on which are the opening of the mastoid
cells, and the pyramid. 6. An anterior, on which
sire the Procea'aus cochleaform'is and the inner
orifice of the Eustachian tube. The cavity of the
tympanum is crossed by li paries of four small
bones, articulated with each other by diarthrosis,
moved by certain muscles, and representing a
kind of bent lever extending from the membrana
tympani to the fenestra ovalis. They are called
the Bones or Ossicles of the Ear, and are the
malleus, incus, os orbiculare, and stapes.
For the nervous plexus of the tympanum, s«e
Petrosal Ganglion, and Otic Ganglion.
Tympanum Minus, see Fenestra — t. Secunda-
rium, see Fenestra.
TYMPANY, Tympanites — t. of the "Womb,
Physonietra.
TYPE, Typns, Periodus morbi, from rvwof, 'a
stamp,' itself from Tu»rra>, ' I strike.' The type is
the order in which the symptoms of a disease ex-
hibit themselves, and succeed each other. It
mav be continued, intermittent, or remittent.
TYPIIA ANGUSTIFOLIA has the same pro-
perties as
Typha Aromatica, Acorus calamus, and
Typha Latifolia, (rt^of, 'a marsh,' [?J ). Cat-
tail Reed mace, Bulls-egg, (F. ) Maasette, Masae
ou Quenouille d' Ean. A plant common in
marshes and ponds, in this country and Europe.
Ord. Typhaceoe. Se.v. Syst. Monojcia trinndria.
Its roots have been used in dysentery and blen-
norhagia. The young shoots, before they reach
the surface of the water, when boiled, taste like
asparagus.
The down, (F.) Aigrette, Poils, which accom-
panies the flowers, has been applied to burns like
cotton.
TYPHICUS, Typhoid.
TYPHIQUE, Typhoid, Typhus.
TYPHLITIS, Tvphlo-enteritis.
TYPHLO-ENTERI'TIS, Tuphlo-enteritia, Ty-
2^hli'tia, Typhloteri'tis, Injiamma'tio CcBci, Phleg'-
nionous Tumour of the Ccecum, (F.) lufhanmation
du Caecum, Cascite (Piorry); from Tv(fi\oi, racus,
and enteritis, 'inflammation of the intestines.'
Inflammation of the caecum, occasionally leading
to perforative ulceration.
TYPIILOENTERUM, Ctiecum,
TYPHr.OPS, Ctecus.
TYPIIEOSfS. Cifcitas.
TYPIILOTERITIS, Typhlo-enteritis.
TYPIILOTERON MONOCOLON, Caecum.
TYPHLOTERUM, Cacum.
TYPIILOTES, CiBcitas.
TYPIIODES, Typhoid.
TYPIIOEMIE ENTERTQVE, see Typhus.
TYPIIOIIiEMIA, see Putrefaction.
TYPHOID, Typhoidea, Typho'des, {Tv,j>w^r,s,
'stupefied,') Ty'pliicua, Typho'sua, Lac'lica, (F.J
Typhique, Typho'ide, Typliode. From typhus,
and tiios, 'resemblance.' Appertaining to or re-
sembling typhus : as 'Typhoid Fever. Also, ac-
cording to some, Typhous Fever, typhus. Fuchs
has emploj-ed the word Typho'ide for a family of
diseases, to distinguish them from Phlogoacs : of
this family, Stomncace, Pharyngocace, and Pneu-
nioc<ice ixre examples.
Typhoid Affection, see Typhus — t. Fever of
India, Cholera.
TYPHOMA'NIA, from rv^og, 'stupor,' and
fxavia, ' delirium.' Delirium, with stupor, Subde-
lir' ium. The kind of delirium common in
typhus.
Typhomania, Coma vigil, Insomnia.
TYPHONIA, Coma vigil.
TYPIIOSEPSES, Typhoseptoses.
TYPIIOSEPTO'SES, Typhosep'ses, from t«0c;,
and crnj.ti, 'putrefaction.' Typhous affections.
TYPHOSUS, Typhoid.
TYPHOUS. Typho'sus, (F.) Typhique. Same
etymon as Typhus. Belonging or relating to
typhus.
' Typhous Depos'it. A peculiar substance of
new formation found in the areolar membrane,
between the mucous and muscular coats of the
patches of Peyer in typhoid fever.
Typhous FiiVfin, see Typhoid.
TYPHUS
93 9
TYRIA
TYPHUS, SemipeH'lh, Tiiplmi,, Fchrh Typho'-
P ''y,"/'*''' <•"''>« «eu u(/y,„uu'i,.a, Anlheuoj,' yra,
()!.} I'levre <i'/i/iioiii!rpie ou ntuxSqiie ou mlyiuimi-
7"« (""Xi'jiie, Typl,,,^ d' Europe; froTO Tv.poq,
'stupor.' A fever uhimifterizod by small, weak,
mid unequal, but usually frequent pulse, with
great prostration of strength, and much cerebral
dis'turbanec: its duration being usually from a
fortnight to three weeks or longer. It is con-
tinueii fever, accomp.inied with great cerebral
irritation and prostration. (See Fever.) 'By most
writers, this disease has been divided into two
varieties— the Ti/phitH >ii it ior and Typhus ijravioi:
Typhus Mit"u)ii seu ulinplex seu nervo'min seu
comalu'mtn, Fc'brin leiitit nervona seu pn'ttida
nei-voan seu hec'tict iiiall(/'na nervoHft, lilechrop'-
yrus, Neiirop'yra, Nenropyr'etiia, NervouH Fever,
(F.) Fievre nerveunc, is characterized by slight
shiverings, heavy, vertiginous headach ; great op-
pression, peculiar expression of anxiety, nausea,
sighing, despondency, and coma or (juiet delirium.
Tyi'III'S Giu'vioit seu cur'cernm seu castreit'ain
seu anihropophthor'dcHS scu coiit/irjlo'siin exanthe-
mdl'ieiiH seu nontrim seu Eiirdpm'uH seu comnin'nin
seu bel'lieiiH seu ex'iiitheiiiKt'icus seu Hiber'nicUK
seu peteeliia'/is, Fehriv iiertJo'sa epideni' ica seu
nervuHii exnnthenutt'ic'i seu riiaJi<j'na rum sopo're
seu nervo'ita pelechi<t'litt sou pevti/eiilin'lis Enra'pcB
seu puncticidti' rh seu niipiDp'yni seu cur'centm et
UDidcomio' mm seu piitrida seu ciDt'tiiieiin pii'tridd
seu coiitiu'na pn'tridn seu pea'ti/eiiH miili<j'iia seu
nmi'ticn peHtileiitid'liH seu petechia' lin, Septnp'-
yra, Porphyrotyphun, Piilieulinia moibiia, I'entis
bel'licd, True or Exdiithemnt'ic or coiitd'f/ious
typhus, NervouH fever with exauthem'otous eru]>'-
tiiiH, Putrid, Jail, Hnx/iital or Shi}> Fever, (F.)
Fiivre den Cniiipii, F. nautique, F. d'h6pit<il,
F. nosocomidle, F. des Prisons, F. leiiticulaire.
Typhus contiujieux is attended with rigors and
heat, alternating ; little or no perspiration : pulse,
tense and hard, usually quick, but fluttering;
pain over the forehead and vertex ; a ' iiiidberry
rush,' appearing on the lit'th to the seventh day
of the disease, and lasting till the end ; delirium
succeeded by stupor, signs of incipient putres-
cency, — as true petechiiP, vibices, hemorrhages,
&c. Typhus, under particular circumstances,
seems to be communicable by contagion ; but if
proper attention be paid to cleanliness and venti-
lation, there is not much danger of communica-
tion. The general principles of treatment, laid
down under the head of Fever, are applicable
here. All the varieties of continued fever re-
semble each other in the cardinal points, al-
though they may differ in many of their cha-
racters. Ventilation and cleanliness : warm or
cold ablution or sponging; keeping the bowels
free; and attending to symptoms as they may
rise, with the avoiding of all irritation of every
kind, are the main indications. When symptoms
of great prostration occur, the strength must be
.supported by wine; and tonics be exhibited, with
the mineral acids. Of the tonics, the sulphate
of quinia is perhaps as good as any. whilst it is
free from the objection which applies to most
others, — of being too bulky. In the whole man-
agement of this affection, however, the physician
has to discriminate carefully between oppression
and prostration. The former may require eva-
cuants; the latter cannot.
Of late years, it has been maintained by many,
that there is an essential difference between
typhoiil fever and typhus : that the former is nn
nbdominal affection, and dependent upon, or con-
nected with, an inflamed or ulcerated condition
of the mucous follicles of the intestines; hence
it has received the names Fierre viesentfrique, F.
timho'ide. Mutiiilie ou Affevtioii typhoide, F. eiitero-
menenteriqnc, Enterile typho-hemique, Typhoimie
eiiterique, Entero-misentirite typhoide, Exonthime
iulestiiiale, Dothi,. enteric, Bothinenterite, <fec., Ileo-
dielidite, Enlerite foUieuleuse, Gatitro-enlerite with
nervous affection of the brain, Follicular gastro-
enteritis, F. enteritis, Enteri'lis folliculo'sa, Ty-
phus abdomina'lls, T. inteslina'lis, T. Sporad'ieiis,
Enterotyphus, T. ijanijliona'iis abdomina'lis, Fe-
bris intestina'lis uleero'sa, F. uervo'sa t/as'irica,
F. nerro'sa enter'ica, F. euler'ica, F. uervo'sa me-
seuter'ica, Enterhelio'sis uervo'sa. Typhus enter' -
icus, Ileop'yra, Ileoty'phus, Typhoid affection.
Enter' ic fever. Accompanying this form of fever
there is generally a typhoid eruption, consisting
of rose-red papula?, (see Spots, red,) which apjiear
mostly on the abdomen. They are distinct from
true petechias, as they can be removed by pres-
sure; and distinct also from sudamina, which are
perhaps the universal accompaniments of sweat-
ing, and are consequently a variety of miliaria.
The common continued fever or synochus of
Great Britain, and of this country, has been pre-
sumed by some to be this variety: but fiirther
observations are needed to establish the distinc-
tions which have been attempted : and there is
reason to believe, that the abdominal affection is
a complication, existing in certain cases and epi-
demics of adynamic fever, and not in others. The
lied Tonyue Fever of Kentucky is considered by
Professor Bartlett to be tyjihoid fever.
Certain modern French writers have considered
the Typhus of the European continent. Typhus
of Europe, pestilential fever, contagions typhus,
Ilunc/ary fever, Hospital fever, eani}> fever, /nil fe-
ver, lenticular petechial fever, (F.) Pcste d' Furope,
Ac, to be identical with the typhoid affection.
They admit but one fever on the Euro))ean con-
tinent— the typhoid. Typhus, they maintain —
but by no means establish the position — to be
peculiar to England.
Tyi'Hus Abdominalis, see Typhus — /. d'Ame-
rique. Fever yellow — t. Anthracicus, Plague — t.
Anthropophthoracus, Typhus — t. A|)hthoideus,
AphthiB — t. Bellicus, Typhus — t. Bcngalensis,
Cholera — t. Bubonicus, Plague — t. Carcerum,
Typhus gravior — t. Castrensis, Typhus gravior — ■
t. Cerebral, Meningitis, cerebro-spinal ■ — /. Cere-
brospinal, Meningitis, cerebro-spinal — t. Comato-
sus. Typhus mitior — t. Communis, Tyjihus — t.
Contayieux, Typhus — t. Contagious, Typhus — t.
Contagiosus exanthematicus. Typhus — t. d' Eu-
rope, Typhus — t. of Europe, see Typhus — t. Ex-
anthematicus, Typhus — t. Ganglionaris abdomi-
nalis, see Typhus — t. Gravissimus, P'ague — t.
Hibernicus, T. gravior — t. Icterodes, Fever, yel-
low— t. Jaune, Fever, yellow — t. Intestinalis, see
Typhus — t. Jl/iasinatique ata.rique putride jaune,
Fever, yellow — t. Morbillosus, llubeola — t. Ner-
vosus,- T3-phus mitior — t. Nostras, Typhus — t.
d' Orient, Plague — t. Pestilentialis, Plague — t.
Pestis, Plague — t. Petechialis, Typhus griivior
— t. Puerperal, see Peritonitis — t. Scarlatiuus,
Scarlatina — t. Simplex, Ty|)hus mitior — t. Spora-
dicus, see Typhus — -'t. Tropicus, Fever, jellow —
t. True, Typhus — t. Vesicularis, Pemphigus.
TYP'IC, Typ'ical, Typ'icus, (F.) Typique.
Same etymon as Type. Characterized by peri-
odicity,— as a 'typical fever;' or one which ob-
serves a particular type.
TYPOSES, see Periodicity.
TYPUS, Type.
TYRANNilS, see Critical days.
TYRBASIA, Agitation.
TYKBE, Agitation.
TYREM'ESIS, Tyrotem'esis, from n-po?,
'cheese,' and cfi^ais, 'vomiting;' Tyro'sis, Ty-
reu'iis. Vomiting of curdy matter, in infants
especially.
TYREUSIS, Tyremesis, Tyrosis.
TYRIA, Porrigo decalvans.
TYRIASIS
940
ULNA
TYRIASTS, Elephantiasis Arabica.
TYRINE, Casein.
TYRODES. Cheesy.
TYROMA, Porrigo decalvans.
TYROS, Cheese.
TYROS IS, Tyremesis. Also, the curdling of
lilk in the stomach; Ti/ren'm's.
TYROTEMESIS, Tyremesis.
u.
UBERIS APEX, Nipple, Papilla.
ULA, GrinojiviB.
ULATROPH'IA, from ov\ov, 'the gum,' and
atrophia, atrophy. Shrinking of the gums; fall-
ing away of the gums.
ULCER, Ulcus, genitive Ulcen's, diminutive
Ulciin'ciilain ; Hidcus, 'tX/foj, Heh-OK,Elt;o'sis,Elvo'-
virt, Helens, Helco'nia, a S<ire, (Sc.) i^tn'r, (Prov.)
Ki/e, (F.) Ulcere. A solution of continuity in
the soft parts, of longer or shorter standing, and
kept up l>y some local disease or constitutional
cause. Riuhcrand makes four great distinctions
between a wound and an ulcer. 1. A wound arises
from the action of an extraneous body : — the
cause of an ulcer is inherent in the economy.
2. A wound is always idiopatliic: — an ulcer is
always symptomatic. 3. A wound has essentially
a tendency to heal, because the action of its cause
has been momentary: — an ulcer, on the contrary,
has a tendency to enlarge, because its cause per-
sists. 4. The treatment of a wound is purely
surgical ; that of an ulcer is medical as well. The
immediate cause of an ulcer is perverted nutri-
tion ; the formative cells losing their y)lastic pro-
perties. Ulcers have been variously divided, ac-
cording to their nature; — into simple, sinuous,
JisluliJiiSf/auyoHS, gangrenous, scorbutic, syphilitic,
cuncerous, inveterate, scrofulous, phagedenic, viru-
lent, cncnethic, sordid, carious, varicose, <fec. The
treatment consists in removing, by appropriate
means, the internal and the local causes which
keep up the ulceration, and in e.xciting the ves-
sels of the part, where necessary, by appropriate
bandaging, &c.
Ulcur, Jaoob's, Lupus — u. Malignant, Hospi-
tal gangrene — u. Putrid, Hospital gangrene — u.
AVarty of Marjolin, see Warty Tumour of Cica-
trices.
ULCERA TNTESTINALIA, Gastrelcosis— u.
Laryngis, Phthisis laryngea — u. Serpentia oris,
Aphthio — u. Uteri, see Mctrophthisis — u. Ventri-
culi, Uastrelcosis — u. Vesicae, Cystophthisis.
UL'CERATED, Ulcern'tns, Exulcera'tus, Heh
eo'des, (F.) Ulcere; from ulcus, ulceris, 'an ulcer.'
In the state of an ulcer. Affected with ulcers.
ULCERATIO INTESTINALIS, Enterelcosis
— u. Ventriculi, Gastrelcosis.
ULCBRA'TIOX, Ulcera'tio, Exulceratio, Pijo-
gen'iii corrosi'va. Same etymon. A superficial
ulcer. The formation of an ulcer — Exelco'sis,
Elco'xis, and Helco'sis.
ULCERATIVE, Ulcerati'vns, (F.) Ulciratif.
Relating to ulceration, — as an 'ulcerative process.'
ULCERE, Ulcer — u.du Larjnx, Phthisis la-
rj'ni;ea.
ULUEREUX, Ulcerous.
UL'CEROUS, Ulcero'sus, Helco'des, Helcoides,
(F. ) Ulcereux. Same etymon. Having the
character of an ulcer. Affected with ulcers.
ULCERS. EGYPTIAN, ^gyptia ulcera.
ULCUS, Ulcer — u. Atonicum, Rupia — u. Ca-
coethes, see Cacoethes — u. Cancrosum, Cancer,
Chancre — u. Dacryodes, see Daeryodes — u. De-
pascens, Phagedenic ulcer — u. Ferinum, Phage-
denic ulcer — u. Fistulosum, Ilypophora — u. Hy-
pulum, see Hypulus — u. Narium foetens, Oz.iiMia
— u. 01>ambulans, Phagedenic ulcer — u. Puluio-
num, Phthisis pulmonalis — u. Sinuosum, Ilypo-
phora— u. Syriacuui, Cj-nanche maligna — u. Te-
lephium, Telephium — u. Tuberculosum, Lupus — •
u. Uteri, Hysterelcosis, Leucorrhoea.
ULCUSCULA PRyEPUTII, Herpes prwputii.
ULCUSCULUM, Ulcer — u. Cancrosum,
Chancre.
ULE, Cicatri-x.
ULETICUS, GingivaliS;.
ULICUS, Gingivalis.
ULI'TIS, from ov\os, 'solid,' (aaf^ ovKtj, 'solid
flesh:') hence, ov\oi/, 'the gum,' and ilis, deno-
ting inflammation. Ouli'tis, Injlanima'tio gin-
gi'vcE, Perioitonti'lis gingiva' mm, (F.) Gtngivilc,
InJIamniation des gencives, from ov\ov, 'the gum,'
and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation
of the gums.
Ulitis Septica, Cancer aquaticus.
ULLUCO, Tropaeolum tuberosum.
ULMAIRE, Sj)ir;x.'a ulmaria.
ULMARIA, Spircea ulmaria — u. Palustris,
Spiraea ulmaria.
ULMUS, U. campes'tris seu glabra seu mon-
ta'na seu nuda seu sati'va seu scabra, Ptelea,
Common Elm, (F.) Ormc, Ormeau, Orme pyrami-
(lale ou champctre. Ord. Ulmaceae. Sex. Syst.
Pentandria Digynia. The inner, rough bark —
Ulmus, (Ph. L.) — of this tree is inodorous; and
has a bitter, austere, and mucilaginous taste. It
is considered tonic, alterative, and diuretic; and
has been used, chiefly, in lepra and other cuta-
neous affections.
Ulmus Ala'ta, Lynn Wahoo. The bark of
the root has been used successfully as a cata-
plasm in phlegmonous inflammation.
Ulmus Amkiuca'na, U./ulvn seu rubra, Rough-
leaved, Red, or Slippery Elm. The inner bark —
Ulmus, (Ph. U. S.) — is highly mucilaginous, and
is used in coughs, diarrhoeas, and dysenteries;
also, as a poultice for tumours, lacerated and con-
tused wounds, (fee.
Ulmus Campestris, Ulmus — u. Fulva, U.
Americana, U. rubra — u. Glabra, Ulmus — u.
jMontana, Ulmus — u. Nuda, Ulmus — u. Sativa,
Ulmus — u. Scabra, Ulmus.
ULNA, O'lene, Foc''ile inferius seu majiis,
Canna Bra'chii, Oi cu'biti inferius, Os procnhi-
ta'le, Cu'bilus, A ■xin'do bra'chii major, Cubit.
Anatomists have given this name to the bone of
the forearm which forms the prominence of the
elbow, during the flexion of that joint. It is the
longer and larger of the two bones, and is in-
serted at the inner side. Its upper and larger
extremity has, behind, a considerable process,
called olecranon ; and, before, a smaller one,
called coroitoid. These two eminences are se))a-
rated from each other by the greater sigmoid or
semilunar fossa or olec'ranoid cavity, which re-
ceives the articular trochlea of the humerus.
The tubercle of the ulna is a small, rough spot,
under the root of the coronoid process, for the
ULNAD
941
UNDOSUS
insertion of the Brachinlln intemuB. On the out- I
Fide of tliih oxtrernily of the bone is the leaser 1
elijiiioiil cavity. It is articulated with the head [
of ttie rndiiis. The inferior extremity of the
cul)itu8, which is much smaller than the superior,
nnd articulated with the radius, has a surface
that corres[)()nds to the fibro-cartilnge which
Kcparatcs it from the os cuneiforme ; and a pointed
])r<)ci'sM, called Kti/laid. The body of the ulna is
ninnifcjitly triim^ular. It is articulated with the
OS humeri and radius, nnd, mediately, with the
OS cuneiforme. It is developed by three points
of ossification.
Also, the elbow.
UF-NAI), see Ulnar aspect.
ULNAR, Cubital.
Ulnah Aspect. An aspect towards the side
on wiiich the ulna is situated. — Barclay. Ulnad
is used ;idverbially by the same writer, to signify
'towiirds the uhiiir aspect.'
ULNAKIS, Cubital — u. Externus, see Cubital
rnusdes — u. Gracilis, Palmaris longus — u. Inter-
nus, see Cubital muscles.
UliOCACE, Cancer aquaticus, Stomacnce.
ULON'CUiS, from ovSov, 'the gum,' and oy/coj,
'tumour.' Swelling of the gums; epulis.
UIiORRlIA(J"IA, Oulonhn,,"ia, Stomntor-
rh(i(/"l<i. Ua;iiiiinh(i(j"in ghif/iro'nim, Vturrhve'n,
from ov\uv, ' the gum,' and iiriyvvjn, ' I break
forth.' Bleeding from the gums.
ULORRIICEA, Ulorrhagia.
ULOTICA, Cicatrisantia.
U L ' T I M I - S T E R N A L. Professor Reclard
gave this appellation to the sixth or last bony
])ortion of the sternum. He calls it also Eiisi-
eteniril.
UL'TIMUM MO'RIENS, Mast dying.' A
term given to the part of the economy which dies
hist.
ULVA CRISPA, Fueus crispus.
UlVA Latis'simA, Broad Green Lcirer, Green
Sl»h-e, Oi/sler r/reen ; Order, Algie ; is used at
table ciHjUed in the same way as the next, to
which it is greatly inferior.
Ulva Umbimca'lis, Pur'jilyrn htcinin'ta seu
vmbilicn'lin, Liu-in'ialed Pnrp/e Lrirer, abundant
on the shores of Great Britain, is pickled with
salt and sold in London as Larer. It is eaten at
table, stewed with pepper, butter or oil nnd
lemon-juice or vinegar. It has been suggested,
also, as an antiscorbutic.
UMBIL, YELLOW, Cypripedium luteum.
UMBILIC, Umbilical,'Umbilicus.
UMBIL'ICAL, Uin'bilic, Umhiliea'lh, Umhili-
en'tiui, (F.) Oiiibilica/, from tnnbilicnn, 'the navel.'
'That which belongs or relates to the navel.
Umbilical AuTF.niKS, which exist only in the
foetus, seem, as it were, continuation? of the pri-
mitive iliacs. They clear the umbilical ring, and
proceed to the placenta, to which they carry the
residuum of the blood sent to the fcetus by the
umbilical vein. As soon as respiration is esta-
blished, the blood ceases to pass by the umbilical
arteries, which become obliterated, as well as the
vein, nnd are transformed into two very strong
ligamentous cords, — the vein forming the Liija-
mett'tum votnn'ditm of the liver.
Umbilical Cord, Funiculus umhilicalis.
Umbilical Rkgion, Jie'i/io nmbilicit'lis seu
grm'trica seu Menoi/nntricn, 3fesn(jnn'tn'um, (F.)
raglon ombHi'cale, i.s the middle region of the ab-
domen, in which the umbilicus is jilaced. The
sides of this are called the Jimihn or lumbar re-
(jioiin. In the uml)ilical region are the omentum
iiinjus ; the inferior extremity of the duodenum ;
the" jejunum : and the greater part of the mesen-
tery; "the aorta: vena cava; the trunks of the
rciiai arteries and veins: the origin of the sper-
matij arteries, &c.
Umbilical King, Au'nnJus vv^hiUca'lin, (¥.)
Auuean onibilical, is a fibrous ring which sur-
rounds the aperture of the umbilicus, and through
which umbilical hernia occurs in children.
Umbilical Vksiclk, Vesicula umhilicalis.
Umbilical Vb.ssels, (F.) Vaisneaiix omhili-
eaux, include the two arteries, and umbilical
vein. The umbilical vein arises from the pla-
centa, and terminates at the fissure on the infe-
rior surface of the liver of the fa'tus, to which it
conveys the blood necessary for its nutrition.
UMBILICALIS, Umbilical.
UMBILICATUS, UmbilicaL
UMBILI'CUS, Umhili'vnvi, Umbo. Om'pJiahn,
Radix seu ji/e'diiim veiitris, lleionipha'liiini, Me-
H(im' phaliim, Prntine'sis {novel of a new-bnrn
ehild ;) the nmbilic, nnrel, (Prov.) Spoon ; from
niiibo, ' the button or prominence in the midst of
a buckler,' or from v/jfa^os, or rather o/Kpa^oi,
which signifies the same, as well as the navel;
(F.) Oinbi/ic, Nonibril. A round cicatrix, about
the median line of the abdomen. It is in the
situation of an aperture, which, in the foetus,
afi'ords passage to the vessels of the umbilical
cord.
Umbilici's Madi'nus, Cotyh'dnn marina, Ari-
dro'naee, Acetab'nhtm niarinnm, Andru'xuce J/at-
thi'oli, Fiin;/nn petrce'iiK inariniis. A submarine
production, found on the rocks and the shells of
fishes, in the south of France. It is reputed to
be anthelmintic and diuretic.
UMBO. Elbow, Umbilicus.
UiMBRELLA TREE. Magnolia tripetala.
ViVS CH L A G, see Compress.
UNBOWELING. Exenterismus.
UNCARIA GAMBIR, Naudea Gambir.
UNCAS, INDIAN, Veratrum viride.
UNCIA, Ounce.
UN'CIFORM, Uncl/or'nn's, Uncinn'tnn, from
niiciin. ' a hook,' and /(J/ mo, 'shape.' That which
has the slKqie of a hook.
Unciform Bo.\k, Ok uncifarm'e seu hama'tnm
seu nneina'tiim, (F.) Oi croclni. The fourth bone
of the second row of the carpus. Its sliajie ia
very irregular. Inwards and forwards, it has a
consideraiile eminence, which is curved u|ion
itself, and gives attachment to the annuliir liga-
ment of the carpus. It is articulated with the
OS semilunare, os magnum, os cuneiforme, and
the fourth and fifth metacarpal bones. It is de-
veloped from a single point of ossification.
ITnciform Eminknck, lIi|ipocaininis minor.
UncIFOKM Process, J'rocex'suH nncina'Uis seu
Bhnnenbach'ii, Great .Proeess of the Ethmoid.
The most considerable of the thin irregularly
twisted lamina; on the inferior surface of the
ethmoiil bone, which narrow the opening of the
maxilliirv sinuses.
UNCI"NATUS, Unciform.
UNCINUS, Hook.
UNCTION. Inunction, Unguentum, Unguen-
tum hvdrargvri.
UNCUS, Hook.
UNDERCLIFF, ISLE OF WIGHT, ENG-
LAND, (CLIMATE OF.) The Undereliff com-
prehends a tract of country from Dunnose to St.
Catherine's Hill, on the southeast const, about six
miles in length, and from a quarter to half a mile
in breadth. It is well protected from the ciddcr
winds; and the climate is remarkably equable,
as well ns mild nnd dry, so thnt there are not
many days during the winter in which the inva-
lid cannot take exercise in the open air. It is
an excellent climate for the pulmonary valetu-
dinarian.
UNDI.M'IA. A name given, by Paracelsus,
to a tumour, filled with a gelatinous matter, like
the white of an egg.
UNDOSUS, Cymatodes.
UNDULATIO
942
U N G U E N T U M
TJNDULATIO, Fluctuation.
TJNEDO, Arbutus uncdo — u. Papyracea, Ar-
butus unedo.
UN'GEAL, Uiif/en'lis, from viif/iiin, 'a nail.'
Belonging, or relating, to the nails of the hands
or feet.
UNGUEAL MATRIX, see Nail.
ITNGUEN, Ungucntum — u. Articulare, Sy-
novia.
UNGUENT, ARMATORY, Hoplochrysma.
UNGUENTARIA, see Myristica mosehiita.
UNGUENT A'RIUS, 3lyrop(e',is. iMyrcp'su>i,
Mjiropo'len, Myrapo'lus, I'lijnientn' liiis ; from riii-
guen'tum, 'an ointment.' One who makes and
sells ointments. A perfumer.
UNGUEN'TUM, Unrjuen, Mi/ron, UiicHoii, {¥.)
Oiigiieiit, from inu/ere, uitcliim, "to anoint.' Oint-
ment. Ointments are topical applications, of a
consistence more or less analogous to that of
lard. They are used, chieflj', as local applica-
tions to ulcers and wounds ; but are sometimes
rubbed upon a part in cutaneous afFections; and,
especially, where it is desired that the constitu-
ents of the ointment should be absorbed. Oint-
ments are of less consistence than cerates, al-
though the terms are often used indiscriminately.
Unghkn'tiim Ao"ir)i Nnuo'si, Oinimeut of Ni-
(roiio Add, J'dniii'tiiin sen Uiigitcn'tiim Ni'triciim
seu O-rygeua'tniit, (F.) I'ommade n.ri/gSiiee, Groinse
031/f/efiee, Povimade d'Alynn, [Adip. siiilli, Ibj ;
acid, nitvos. J^vj. Melt the fat, and rub in the
ncid gradually, till cold. Ph. E.) Stimulant.
Used in itch and other cutaneous eruptions, and
in foul ulcers.
Ungukntitm AmpocER^E CRTORtnf, Ceratum
cetacei — u. jEgyptiacum, Linimentum serugiiiis
— u. jEgyptium album, Crinomyron — u. vErui;i-
nis, U. subacetatis cujiri — u. Album, Unguentum
cetacei — u. Album Resolvens, Linimentum am-
monite fortius.
Unguentum de Alth^a, U. dc Terehiu'tJiind
ef cerd seu cil'yiiinm seu reni'ucp. phii nylveH'ti-in
couiyiofs'itiim seu reniDiipti'viini seu lenili'viirn, Ce-
rn'titm de Allhad, Enijditn'trnm niuvfldi/iiw'suin
seu emol' liens seu cit'riiiiim seu Jiavnm seu de
Althmd. Uiigiieiittiiii flnvuni, ifuvnh mid'low Oinl-
iiieiit, (F.) OiKjnenf de (/iiininiive, 0. d'ultheii.
[Olei de mncilnf/iiiihuK, 1000 p., eera /f<(i'CP, 250
p., reniiKe, ferebiiitliin., ail 125 p. LiqueFy : strain
and stir till cold. Ph. P.) Comiiioii Olive Oil
might be substituted for the Oil of MucilngtR.
Unguentum Amyohalinum, Ceratum Galeni.
Unguentum Antimo'nti, U. Antimonia'le. U.
A. Tarlarizn'ti. U. A. Potiiisio-trir'trolis, U. tnr'-
tari etnet'ici, Oiiitniint of tiir' tnrized an'titnouy,
Antimo'iiiid Ointment, Tartar emetic ointment.
(Antimon. et potanH. titrtrat. in pulv. subtiiiss. ^ij,
adipis. §j. /'/(.. U. S.) If a drachm of this oint-
ment be rubbed upon any part, night and morn-
ing, it will e.xcite, in a few days, a painful pus-
tular eruption. Hence, it is employed as a coun-
ter-irritant. This preparation is also called Ung.
Tar'tari etibin'ti seu emet'ici, Ung. e Tar'taro
stibin'tii, Adepn Torture utihii medicn'tna, Una.
Tar'trnlis Putiisn'tB ulihin'ti, (F.) Pommade d'Au-
tenrieth, Pommade stihice. This method of em-
ploying the tartrate of antimony and potassa, as
a revollent, is, at times, called stibio-dermic, (F.)
Let melhode stibio-dermiqne.
Unguentum Antimoxii PoTAssio-TARTnATis,
Unguentum antitnonii — u. Antimonii tartarizati,
U. antimonii — u. Antipernium, see Antipernius.
Unguentum Aqu/E Ros«, Ointment of Itose
irnter, Cold Grenm. (Aq. Ronee, f^^j ; ol. amygdal.
f^^ij ; cetacei, _^ss ; cercp. albtE, ^']. Melt together,
in a water-hath, the oil, spermaceti, and wax ;
then add the rose-water, and stir until it is cold.
Ph. U. S.) Cooling to irritated surfaces.
Unguentum Armarium, lloplochrysmn — n.
Arthanitio, see Arthanita — u. Articulare, Synovia
— u. liasilicon fla\um, Ceratum resina> — u. liiisi-
licon nigrum, I'nguentuui resinie nigrie — u. Ba-
silicum viride, Unguentum subacetatis cupri.
Unguentum liEi.i.AooN'NA;, Ointment of liel-
Indonnit. [Ext. hellndonna: 3J i adipiu -yy, M.
Ph. U. S.) An anodyne application to irritable
ulcers, Ac.
UNGtiENTUM Canthahidis, Ungucntum lytta?.
Ungukn'tum Cer^e {nlb<B seu Jiaiw), Ungu-
entnm simplcv {Ph. U. S.), Linimen'inm uimplej;
Wax Ointment, Oil and ISeeu' ]\'a.r, (F.) On-
guent de cire. (VercT- ttjj, adi]>iH ft)iv (Ph. U. S.),
or — cercp. ^^ij, ol. oliv. ,^v.) Emollient. A mild
dressing. Also, the basis of most of the com-
pound ointments.
Unguentum Ceratum, Ceratum Gnleni — u.
Cerussae, Unguentuui ().\idi plumbi albi, Ungu-
entum plunibi subcarboiiatis — u. Cerussao ace-
tatae, Ceratum plumbi supcracetatis, U. plumbi
sujieracetatis — u. Citriuum, U. de althsua, U. hy-
drargyri nitratis.
Unguisntum Ceta'cei, U. Sper'matia Ceti sou
nlbnm, Linimen'inm album, Spermace'ti ointment,
(F.) Ongneut de blanc de baleiue. [Cetacei gvj,
cercB ulhas ^\v, ol. oliv. f^'ij- ■/'''• -t.) The or-
dinary dressing for blisters and excoriations. See
Ceratum cetacei.
Unguentum Coc'ouli, Ointment of Coc'cnlns
Tn'dicns. (Take any quantity of Coecnhis Jndi-
c-ii; separate and preserve the kernels; beat
them well in a mortar, first alone, and then with
a little lard; then add lard till it amounts
altogether to five times the weight of the kernels.
/'/(. E.) Used to destroy vermin, and to euro
scabies and ringworm of the scalp.
TTngukntum CoN'ir, Oititment of Ifcmlock.
[Coniifol. recent.; adipix aa tbj. Boil the hem-
lock in the lard till it becomes crisp, and express
through linen. Ph. L.) Used to irritable tu-
mours and ulcers.
Unguen'tuM Creaso'ti, Ointment of Cre'nnote.
[Creanot. f .^ss ; adi]>in, _^j. Add the creasole to
the lard previously mclteil with a moderate heat,
and stir constantly till cold. Ph. U. S.) Used
in chronic cutaneous affections.
Unguentum Cupri Subauetatis, Unguentum
subacetatis cupri — u. Diapompholygos, Unguen-
tum oxidi zinci impuri.
Unguentum Digesti'vum Simplex, U. Tere-
biii'thincB et ovo'rnm vitel'li, Simple digettive oint-
rnoit, (F.) Ongncnt digestif simple. [Terehintliin.
pur. 64 p. Vitell. ovor. No. 2, vel .32 p. Mix, for
a long time, in a glass mortar, and add. gradually,
enough of the Oil of Ilypiricnm [Jllil'cpertnin) to
make a soft ointment. J'h. P.) Detergent. It
may be rendered more so by adding a little of the
Acetate of copper.
Unguentum Elrmi, Balsam of Arcoeus, Ungu-
entum elemi compositum.
Unguentum Ei/emi Compos'itum, Unguentum e
gnmmi elemi seu de terehin'thind et adip'ibun seu
elemi, Linimen'inm ArccB'i, Ointment of Elemi,
(F.) Banme d'ArceUH. [Elemi tt)j, terebinthiiice
vnlgarin ^x, nevi prtpparati Ibij, (dirip. old f.^'j*
Melt the elemi with the suet; remove it from the
fire ; and mix in the turpentine and oil. Strain
the mixture through a linen cloth. /'/(. L.) Sti-
mulant and digestive. To keep open issues, kc.
Unguentitm Epispas'ticum dk Daphne Gni-
DIO, Adipn Cor' t ice daphnen gnidii medica'tim,
(F.) Pommade de Garon. [Adip. prcepar. 320 J).,
cer<B, .32 p., cort. daplin. gnid. 128 p. Melt the
fat and wax : and add the bark si^ftened in water.
Boil until the wafer is evaporati-l : then |)as8
through cloth. Ph. P.) To kc^ |' ('lien blisters,
issues, <fee. Sec Unguentum Mcz<.iei.
UXGUKNTUM
943
UXGUENTUM
Unoukstitm Epispasticum Fortius, Cerate of |
ciuithariilcs — u. Epispastiouni initius, Unguentnm
lyttic— u. Kpispiisticuin viride. Un;;ueiitiim lyttae
liicdiciitum — u. Flavmn. Unj^uentuiu de aUhaea, —
u. e (iiiinmi eleini, Uiiguc-tituin coinpositum — u.
IleMflmri iillji, Ungucntum veratri.
llNOtih^NTiJM Gai,I,.k, Ointment of Gnlh, (GiillcB
in piilv. ,^.j ; uilipiH, Jvij. M. J'h. U. S.) As an
astringent in pik'S, indolent ulcers, <fec.
llNOcJKNruM Gali,.k CoMPos'niiM, U. Giilltp. et
O'piii Compound Ointment of Gnlh. (G<iU. in
piilv. subtil. 3vj, adijiix. ^^vj, opii pulv. ^iss. M.
I'll. L.) Usfcl in painful heniorriioids. ^as or
Zj, of catnplinr is sornctinies added.
Unoimon'tum IIydtiaii'gviu, U. ccRvu'leum sen
NeupoUtti' nam, (Jevu'tiim mercnria'le, Adeps Ihj-
dmr'ijiirn niedlca'tUK, Mercnriul Ointment, liine
ointment, Unction, (F.) Onyuent mercuriel OU iV^(e-
jKilitdin.
Tlie Slronrj Mercurial Ointment, Unr/nentnm ffi/-
(Irnriii/ri fortius of the London Phartnacopooia,
i'. Hi/drnr'r/i/ri [Ph. U. S.), is thus made — //)/-
drnr;/. thij, ndipia ^^xxiij, «e«(' 5J. Rub till the
globules entirely disappear.
The Milder Jfercnriul Ointment, — U. ffi/drnr-
gi/ri Mitinn, — is made by adding, to one pound
of the strong, two pounds of lard.
Mercurial ointment is antisypliilitic and discu-
tient. It is rubbed on the inside of the thigh, in
venereal affections ; especially in those cases where
mercury, given internally, runs off by the bowels.
The Htrontjer ointment is used for tliis purpose.
The weaker is employed as a dressing, or as an
application to cutaneous eruptions.
UnGI'KNTUM IlYDIlArtOVKI AlMMOXIATI, Ungu-
cntuui hydrargyri prii!ei[)itati albi — u. Hydrar-
gyri calcis albie, Unguentum hydrargyri pryecipi-
tati all)i — u. Hydrargyri coinpositum, Unguentum
hydrargyri nitratis — u. Hydrargyri deutoxydi ni-
trati, Unguentum hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi.
Ungukntum Hydrau'gyri Iod'idi, Ointment
of I'odide of Mer'cnrj/. (Hydrarg. ludid. ^j,
certB (lib. ^\j, ndipin ^v). Ph. L.)
U.SGi/KNi'aw IIydrar'gyiu Iop'idi Riibui, Oint-
vieiit of Red I'odide of 3fer'curi/. (Hi/drarg.
Jodid. linhr. ^j, Umj. c'erai albce j^vij. Ph. D.)
Both these ointments may be applied to scrofu-
lous and indident ulcers.
Ungukntiim kx Hydrargyro MirrrTS niCTUJi
ciVKRKUM, Unguentum oxydi hydrargyri cine-
reum.
• U.vGOENTnM Hydrargyri Nitra'tis, U. hy-
drargyri iiitrali seu nnpernitra'tis hydrargyri seu
hydrar'gyri compos'itum seu mercnriale cit'rinnm
sou cit'rinnm ad scahiem, DaVnamnm mercnria'le,
Ailepn nitra'te hydrargyri niedica'tns, Ointment
of Nitrate of Mer'cury, Citrine Ointment, (F.)
Ongnent de nitrate de niercure, 0. citrin contre la
gale. (Hydrarg. 5j, acid, nitric, f^^xiv. olei hit-
i'di f^'w, adipit t^uj. Dissolve the mercury in
the acid ; and. while hot, add the oil and melted
lard. Ph. U. S.
A milder ointment, — Ung. nitratis Hydrargyri
miiini, — is made with triple the quantity of oil
and lard. It is stimulant and detergent, and is
n\iU!h used as an application to herpes, porrigo,
and cutaneous eruptions. The weaker ointment
is sometimes used in ophthalmia tarsi, <fec.
Ungitkntiim HYnRARGYRi Ni'trico-ox'ydi,
U. Knhnitra'tin hydrargyri seu O.cydi Hydrargyri
rnhri, U. H. oxidi rnbri (Ph. U. S.), U. dentox'-
yd! hydrarg. nitrati seu Hydrargyri rubri seu ex
J/ydrari/i/ro oxyda'to rubro seu rnercurii rubrum
Seu ophthal'mienm rnbrum seu subnitra'tii hy-
drargi/r'ici, Bal'namum ophthaV micum rnbrum,
Ointment of Nitric Oxyd of Mercury, Red Pre-
cin'itiite Ointment, Gulden Ol'ntment, Singleton's
h'l/e Solve. (Hydrarg. oxid. rubr. in pulv. sub-
tiiiss. 3J ; Ung. aimj^l. 5J. Add the oxyd, re-
duced to a fine powder, to the melted oiutment.
Ph. U. S.) Stimulant and escharotie. Applied
to foul ulcers, to inHammation of the tarsi, Ac. Ac.
Jielleville's Cerate, which has been long used
in cases of scalled head, and of chronic cutaneous
diseases in general, is made as follows: — J'lumbi
acet. ^j ; hydrarg. or id. rnbr. ^^f. hyd. clilorid.
mit. ^ij ; cercp. ollicR .^iv; ol. oliv. ,^vj. Melt the
last two, and add the others in line powder.
Ungi'bntum Hydrargyri Oxidi Rubri, Un-
guentum hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi — u. ex Hy-
drargyro oxydato rubro, Unguentum hy^irargyri
nitrico-oxydi — u. Hydrargyri oxydi rubri, Ungu-
entum hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi.
Unguk.nti'm Hydrargyri Pr^cipita'ti Ai,bi,
U. Hydrar'gyri ammania'ti, (Ph. U. S.) seu snb-
vuiria'tis hydrargyri ammonia'ti seu ad srabiem
Zelleri seu mercuria'le album seu mundif icons
Zelleri seu e mereu'rio prari/iita'to seu calcis hy-
drargyri albcR, Ointment of lohite precipitate.
(Hyd. amnion, ^j, nng. simpl. ,^iss. Melt the fat,
and add the precipitate.) Detergent. Used in
cutaneous eruptions, to destroy vermin, <fec.
Ungi'kntl'.m Hydrarovri Ri;bri, U. Hydrar-
gyri nitrico-oxydi — u. Hydrargyri subinuriatis
ammoniati, U. Hydrargyri praecipitati albi — u.
Ilydrargyriei subiiitratis, U. hydrargyri nitrico-
oxydi — u. Hydrargyri subnitratis, U. hydrargyri
nitrico-oxydi — u. Hydrargyri snpernitratis, U.
hydrargyri nitratis — u. Infusi lueloes vesicatorii,
U. lyttiB — u. Irritans, U. lyttit-.
Unguen'tum lon'iNI, U. lodin'ii. Ointment of
Iodine. (lodin. ^j : Potass, iodid. gr. iv : Aquae
TT^vi ; Adipis. _^j. Rub the iodine and iodide tirst
with the water until li(iuelied, and then with the
lard until mixed. /'/(. U. S.) Used as a local
application to goitrous and other swellings.
Ungitkntiim Iod'ini Compos'itum, U. lodin'ii
compositum, Componud Ointment of Iodine, (fodiii
3ss; Potdssli iodid. ^j ! Alcohol, i'^y, adipi-i ^ij
Rub the iodine and iodide first with the alcohol
and then with the lard until they are well mixed.
Ph. U. S.)
Ungukntum Lau'rinum, O'lenm lau'rinum,
Adeps lauro-medica'tus. Hay Ointment, (F.) On-
guent ou Hulle de laurier. (Fol. lauri, 5110 p.,
adip. snilla;, 1000 p. Bruise in a marble mortar;
evaporate all humidity by boiling; and add Bay
berries, in powder, 600 p. Digest and pass
through linen. Ph. P.) Reputed to be- corro-
borant and nervine. It is simply emollient.
U.NouE.NTusr Lknitivum, U. de althroa — u. Li-
liaceum, Crinomyron.
Unouenti'm Lyttj;, Ung. cauthar'idia fieu »'«"«?'-
cato' rium seu irri'tans sen ad vesica'ta seu infu'si
mel'oes vcsicafo'rii seu epispas'ticum v>it"ius,
mistering Salve, Ointment of Spanish Flies, Oint-
ment if Infusion of Spa n ish Flies, Milder blis'tering
Ointment. (Cantharid. in pulv. ^^ij ; aqumdestil-
lat. Oss ; cerat. resin. ,^viij. Boil ilown the water
with the Spanish flies to one-half, and strain ;
then mix the cerate with the strained liquor, and
evaporate to the jiroper consistence. Ph. U. S.)
It is stimulant and epispastic; and is chiefly
used for keeping up the discharge from a blistered
surface.
TTnguenthm Lytt.-e Medica'tum, Adeps can-
tharid' ibus medica'tns, Poma'tum seu Unguentum
epispas'ticum vir'ide stim'ulans ac'ribus. Green
blis'tering Ointment, (F.) Pommade epispastique
verte. (Pomati seu vuguenti cantharid. 64 p.,
unguent, populci 108 ])., cercp oIIkb 2i)6 \>., cuj)ri
acetat., ext. opii, aa 24 p. Melt the unguentum
populcum, and wax, and add, as they cool, the
oxyd of copper, eantharides, and opium. Ph. P.)
Use. same as the last.
Unguentum Lyttjf. Medica'tum A'liud,
Adeps cantharid' ibus medica'tns alius, Poma'tum
ej^ixpas'ticum ftarum et miC'lus, } tlhxc Blister-
UNGUENTUM
944
UNGUENT UM
{u(j Oiiifmenf, (F.) Pommade cpispasliqne. jaiiiie.
(Piilv. cinithdiiii. 120 p., ailifi. pvcEp. 16S0 \t.,
uq>i(B 250 p. Melt the lard; mix the eanthariiies,
ami a<lii the water at the ^auie time; place the
whole on a gentle fire; stir continually for two
hours, and add a little water to replace that whicdi
has been evaporated. Pass through linen and
strain. Keep it in a water-bath, and add pow-
dered turmeric, 8 p. Let it cool till the super-
fluous liquid separates ; pour off and add yeHino
wax, 250 p., Oil of Le III OH, 8 p. /-'/). P.) A com-
plex preparation. Use, same as the last.
An ointment, not very philosophically com-
bined, was used by Dr. Physiek, which is known
by the name of "Dr. Plii/nick's Insne Oliitnieiit."
It is made by boiling half an ounce of powdered
caiitharides in two ounces of rose-wnter, and eva-
porating until one-half of the fluid is driven off,
having previously added 15 grains of /ac((r)'ewe<i'c.
The decoction is to be strained, and three ounces
of olire oil, an ounce and a half of ichile wnjr, and
one ounce of upermnceti added to it, and the mix-
ture then boiled till all the water is evaporated.
Unghentum Melanicum Causticum, Causti-
cum yEthiopicum.
Ungiikntum Mkrcuriale Albi'm, Unguentum
hydrargyri praecipitati albi — u. Mercuriale citri-
num, Unguentum hydrargyri nitratis — u. e Mer-
curio prffitipitato, llnguentum hydrargyri prse-
cipitati albi — u. Mercurii rubrum, Unguentum
hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi — u. Mundilicans Zelleri,
Unguentum hydrargyri praecipitati albi.
Ungitentum Meze'kei, Ointment of jifezcreou.
(Mezer. incis. transversim, ,^iv; adipix, ,^xiv;
cercB «tli(E, ^ij ; moisten the mezereon with a
little alcohol, apd beat in an iron mortar, until
reduced to a fibrous mass ; then digest it with
the lard, in a salt-water bath, for 12 hours ; strain
forcibly, and allow the strained liquor to cool
slowly, so that any undissolved matters may
subside : from these separate the medicated lard ;
melt it with the wax at a moderate heat, and stir
constantly till they are cold. Ph. U. i5.) To
keep open blisters, issues, <fec.
UnGUENTLIM MuKIA'tIS llYDRAnCVRI OXYGE-
NA'to MeDICa'tuM, Acleps muria'te hi/drnri/i/ri
o.rijf/eiia'to inediciitiin, Cijriltii's Ointment, (F.)
Poninmde de Ci/rillo. (Ifj/ilrnr. oxyinur. 4 p.;
adipii sniUi prcep. 32 p. — Ph. P.) Antivenereal
and alterative. Used in friction, ^^^ss at a time.
Ungitentum NARniNUjr, see Nardus Indica —
u. Neajiolitanum, Unguentum hydrargyri — u.
Nervinum, Unguentum Sambuci — u. Nitricum
seu oxygenatum, Unguentum acidi nitrosi.
Unghentiim Ophthal'michm, Adcps ox'ido hi/-
drarcjijri ruhro et phiinhi aceta'te medica'tiw, Re-
gent's PoinnKide oplitludiniqne, (F.) Ponunade oph-
thalmiqne. {fiiiti/r. recent., nq. rosur, lavat. aa 4J
p. ; cainjihor., oxi/d. Injdrurcj. ruhr.,((cetiitlii plnmhi,
aa 0.25 p. Mix intimately. — Ph. P.) In chronic
inflammation of the conjunctiva or tarsi.
Unguentum OpiiTHALJiiruM, Unguentum oxidi
7,inci inipuri — u. Ophthalmicum rubrum, Unguen-
tum hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi.
Unguentum O'rii, Ointment of Opinm. (Opii
pulv. J)j; adipix gj; M.— Ph.L.) To be used
where the local application of opium by inunction
is needed.
UNGUENTu^f Ox'iDT HYnRARGYni Cine'rei,
Adeps seu Unijnentum ex hydrarrjyro mit'iiis dic-
tum cinerenm. Ointment of rp-ay oxide of mercury,
(F. ) Onrptent (pin. [O.ryd. liydrnrij. ciner. p. j ;
o'lipix snilli, p. iij. — Ph. E.) Properties like
the mercurial ointment. It is not much used.
Unguentum Ox'ini Plumbi At.bi, U. cems'scs
seu album seu Hithaceta'tis jjhinibi. Ointment of
white ou'ide of lead, White ointment. (Unr/. sim-
plicis, p. vj oxyd. plumb, alb. p. j. — Ph. E. and
P.) Cooling and desiccative. Applied to exco-
riated and burnt surfaces.
Unguentum Oxidi Pi.umbi Carbonati. U.
Plunibi subcarbonalis — u. Oxidi zinci, Unguen-
tum zinci.
UN(iuBNTUM Ox'ini Zinci Impu'ri, U. tii'ticB seu
ophthal' inicum seu dia]>onipliol' yipix, Adeps oj''-
idi zinci mtdica'tux, Eye-xalve, Tutty ointment,
Ointment of impure oxide of zinc. (Linim. nimpl.
p. v; o.ryd. zinc. imp. prcF.p. p. j. — Ph. E.)
Generally used in ophthalmia tarsi and atonic
ophthalmia.
Unguentum Pins Liq'uid^, U. Picix seu e
Pice, Tar Ointment. (I'icix liquid., sevi, sing.
Ibj. Melt, and stir till cold.— Ph. U. S.) Stimu-
lant and detergent. Used in tinea capitis, and
other cutaneous eruptions.
Unguentum Picis Nigr^, Unguentum resinso
nigrae — u. Plumbi acetatis, Ceratum plumbi su-
peracetatis — u. Plumbi carbonatis, Unguentum
plumbi subcarbonatis.
Unguentum Plumbi Compos'itum, Compound
Ointment of Lead. (Jitnj). Plumbi, tbiij ; ol. (div,
f^^xviij ; cret. praspar. ^^vj ; acid. acet. dil. f,^vj.
Dissolve the plaster in the oil with a slow fire;
then add the chalk, and afterwards the acid, con-
stantly stirring until they become cold. — Ph. L.)
Used as a dressing to flabby, indulent ulcers.
Unguentitm Pi.umbi Iod'iih, Ointment <f hi.
dide of Lead. (Plumb, iodid. ^j ; adipix. .^viij ;
M. — Pii. L.) Used as a eutrophic in chronic,
glandular, and other swellings.
Unguentum Plumbi Oxydi Carbonati, Un-
guentum plumbi subcarbonatis — u. Plunibi subace-
tatis, Unguentum oxidi plumbi albi — u. Plunibicl
carbonatis, Unguentum plumbi subcarbonatis.
Unguentuji Plumbi Subcaubona'tis, (/.plum-
bi carbona'tia (Ph. U. S.) seu album seu album
xiinplex seu carbona'tia plumbici seu cerux'xa: seu
oxidi plumbi carbonn'ti, Cera'tum de cerux'xd, (F.)
Ouguent blanc de Jihazex, 0. de ceruse, 0. de
Tornamira. (Plumbi carbunat. in pulv. subtiliss.
,^ij; Unguent, siinpl. Ibj. Add the carbonate of
lead to the ointment previously softened over a
gentle fire, and mix. — Ph. U. S.J Chiefly used
as a dressing for burns.
Unguentum Plumbi Superaceta'tis, U. ace-
ta'tis plumbi seu saturni'nnm. seu cerux'xas aceta'-
tcB, BuV samnm vnirersa'le. Ointment of sugar of
lead. (Olive oil, tbss ; lohite wax, ^if'S ; super-
acetate of lead, ^\j.) Cooling, desiccative. Called,
also, Balsamum saturni'num, Buty'rum aatur'ni;
Linimen'tnm jilumba'tum, Poma'tum xatur'ni,
Uuij. triphar'maciim.
Unguentum Popule'um, Adeps papav' ere, hy-
oscy'amo, et belladon'nd medica'tua. Fresh buds
of the popidus nigra, 500 p., macerated in adeps
auillus prcep. melted, 1500 p., for 21 hours. Pre-
serve this. Take black poppy leaves, belladonna,
hyoxcyamua, black nightshade, aii 128 p.; bruise
in !i mortar with the former preparaiion ; boil
until all the humidity is evaporated, and strain. —
Ph. P.) Anodyne. Applied to local iiiflanima-
tions, hemorrhoids, sore nipples, cancer, &c.
Green elder ointment is often sold for this.
Unguentum Populeiim, see Pojjulus.
Unguentum PoTAs'syf; Hydrioda'tis. U. po.
tax'sii iod'idi (Ph. U. f^.). Ointment of hydri'odate
of potass. (Potass, iodid. in pulv. subtil. _^j ; aq.
bullient. f^j ; adipix, ^}. Dissolve the iodide in
the water, and mix the solution with the lard. —
Ph. U. S.) Half a drachm of this ointment is
rubbed on scrofulous glands, goitre, &c.
Unguentum Potassii Iodidi, Unguentum Po-
tassae Hydriodatis — u. Pivlveris ineloes Vesica-
torii, Cerate of cantharides — u. Resinae flava),
Ceratum resinae flavre.
Unguentum Resi'xjE Nigr.»2, U. resina nigrum
seu haail'icon nigrum seu Picia nigra seu Picii
UNGUENTUM
94
UNITING BANDAGE
tetrnphnrm'aciim, Black hnntUron, Blade resin
oliiliiient, Ointment of flitch. Ointment of black
pilch. (Renin nigr., ceroR jlavm, resinm Jlav. ua
^:^ix ; olei oliv(B, Oj. — Ph. L.) Uses, the same as
the Ccratiiin reiilncB or Yellow hiiHilicon.
llNorKNTiiM Rbsin^ Pini Sylvksthis Com-
ro'^iri'M, Urifjnentum de Althica — u. Resinosura,
Ccratiim re.sinae flavae — u. Resuuiptivuin, Un-
guentuin de altha-S,.
Unoi'kntcm Sabine. Ceratura Sabinse.
Unouiintum Sambu'ci, U. samhu'cAnmn seu
iiervi'iiniii, Green ointment, Eliter ointment, (F.)
Ongnent (le xnreau. [Samhiici Jlor. Ibij ; adijiin
prap. tt)ij. Boil. — Ph. L.) Eiiii)llient.
UN(;i;KNru.\t SATintNiNiiM, llni^uentum plumbi
Fuperncctatis — u. ad Scabiein Zelleri, Unguentutn
hydrar^yri prieoipitati albi — u. Simplex, Ceratum
Oaleni, Un^uL'titutn ccrse — u. Solidutn de cicutS.,
Einplastrutu cicutae — u. Spennatis ceti, Unguen-
tum cctacei.
Ungi.'Kntum STRAMo'Nrr, Ointment of St ram o'-
niitm. (Ext. utramon. fol. ^j ; adipi», ^^j. Rub
the extract with a little water until uniformly
soft, and then with the lard. — Ph. U. S.) An
anodyne ointment to irritable ulcers, hemorrhoids,
Unourntum Stbacrta'tis Ciipri, TJ. cnpri
Bubacetii'tis (Ph. U. S.) sen dctev'genn seu hasil'-
iciim vir'ide seu isrit'yinlii, Bal'mimum viride,
Ointment of nidxicetate of copper, Ver'digris oint-
ment. (Cnpri nnbacet. in pulv. subtiliss. J5J ; 1(1117.
simpl. ^x-v. Add the subaeetate to the ointment
previously melted with a moderate heat, and stir
till cold. — Ph. U. S.) Determent and escharotic.
Ungukntum Sulpiiuiia'tum ad Sca'bikm,
Adeps sul'phure et ammo'nim nnirin'te medica'tns.
(Adipix, 120 p.; sidph. lot. 60 p.; ammonioB mu-
riat., alumina' xulphat. aa 4 p. ; fiat unguentum. —
Ph. P.) Antijisoric.
Bailcji's Itch Ointment is composed oi olive oil,
lard, nitre, alnm, sulphate of zinc, and cinnabar ;
scented with oil of aniseed, oil of origanum, and
oil of spike, and coloured with alkanet-root.
TjNGi'KNTnM Sulphiira'tum Alcai.i'niim ad
Sca'bIRM, Adrps snlpli'nre et cavhona'te potasses
medica'tns, flcl'merick's Alciline Sulphura'ted Itch
Ointment. (Adip. prcRp. 800 p.; sulphur, lot. 200
p.; carbonat. potass, pur. 100 p.; iiat ung. — Ph.
P.) Use, same as the last.
Bateman's Itch Ointment resembles this. It is
coloured with cinnabar, and scented with essence
of bergamot.
U.VGUKNTUM Sl'l/prirRls, U. c sulph'ure. Sul-
phur ointnioit. (Su/ph. tbj ; «r//;). Ibij. — Ph. U".
S.) Used chiefly in itch, and some herpetic
affections.
Unoue.ntum SiiLPnuRis Compos'ttum, U. An-
ttpsor'icum, Compoimd Sulphur Ointment, Itch
Ointment, Jackson's Itch Ointment. f'<immade An-
tip«ori(pie de Jusser. (Sulph. snhlim. Ibss ; ve-
ratri rad. contus. ^ij; potasscB nit rat. ^'] ; sapo-
wi> mollis, Ibss; adipis, Ibiss ; ol. bergamot.
n\,xxx. — Ph. L.) The Unoiikntum Sulpiuiris
CoMPosiTCM of the Pharm. U. S. is made as fol-
lows : — Sulphur. 5J ; hydrargi/ri animouiat., acid.
benzoic, iia ^j ; ol. bergamot., acid, sulphuric, aa
f^j ; potassas nitrat. jlj ; adipis, Ibss. To the
welled lard add the other ingredients, and stir
till cold. Use, the same as the last; but it is
more .stimulating.
Unguentum vSulph'uris Ton'ini. Ointment of
rodide of Sulphur. (Sulphur, iodid. ,:^ss ; adi-
pis, ^j. Rub the iodide with a little of the lard ;
add the remainder, and mix. — Ph. U.S.) An
excellent application in chronic cutaneous affec-
tions.
UNOliKNTtM StTSlNUM, Crinnmjron.
Ungi'UNTI'M Tab'acI. Tobacco Ointment. (Ta-
6ac. recent, coueis. SJ ; adipis, tbj. Boil the to-
60
bacco in the lard, over a gentle fire, till it be-
comes friable; then strain through linen. — Ph.
U. S.) Applied to irritable ulcars, tinea capi-
tis, &o.
UNGIII5NTUM Tartari Emetici, U. antimonii
tartarizati — u. Tartari stibiati, U. antimonii tar-
tarizati — u. e Tartaro potassao stibiati, U. anti-
monii tartarizati — u. Tartratis potass;^ stibiati,
U. antimonii tartarizati — u. de Terebinthina et
adipibus, U. elemi compositum — u. de Terebin-
thina et cera, U. de althica — u. Terebinthinae et
ovorum vitelli, U. digestivum simplex — u. Tetra-
pharmacum, Basilicon, U. resinaj nigrae — u. Tri-
phartnacum, U. plumbi superacetatis — u. Tutia3.
U. oxidi zinci impuri.
UN'GtiENTUM Vkra'trt, U. Veratri albi (Ph. U.
S.) seu helteb'ori albi, White hellebore ointment,
(Veratr. pulv. 5U> odipis, ^^viij ; olei llmon.
TTJ^xx.) Used in cases of itch, where sulphur is
objected to. It is not equally eflBcacious.
The principal ingredients in the Edinbhrgh
OiNTME.NT are xohite hellebore and muriate of am-
monia,
UNGtiENTUM AP Vesicata, U. lyttsB — u. ad
Vesicatoria, Cerate of cantharides — u. Vesicato-
riuni, Unguentum lyttse.
Ungitrntum ZiNcr, U. ox'idi zinci seu zinoi
o.ridi (Ph. U. S.), Zinc ointment. (Zinci oxid.
'^'] ; adipis, 5vj.) Use, the same as that of the
Unguentum tntia.
Ungwrntum Zinci Oxidi, U. zinci.
UNGUIS, Hippocampus minor, Nail, Onyx,
Pterygion — u. Avis, Hippocampus minor — u.
Halleri, Hippocampus minor — u. Odoratus, Blatta
Byzantia.
Unguis Os, Os lac.ryma'le. A small, quadri-
lateral, very thin, and semi-transparent bone,
which has been compared to a human nail, and
is situate at the anterior and inner part of the
orbit. It aids in the formation of the laehryu-al
gutter and the nasal duct. It is articulated with
the frontal, superior maxillary, ethmoid, and
inferior spongy bones, and is developed by a sin-
gle pnnctum osnificatiiinis.
UNCIULA CABALLIXA. Tussilago.
UNGUL.^ PALPEBRARUM, see Tarsus.
UNHEALTHY, Sickly.
UNICORN ROOT, Chama;lirium luteum.
UNILOCULAR, Unilocula'ris, from unus.
'one,' and locnlus, (diminutive of locus,) 'a cell.'
Having one cell or cavity, as biloc'nlar means
having two cells or cavities; multiloc'ular, hmLv'iDg
man v.
UN 10. Pearl.
UNIOCULUS, Cyclops, Monoculus.
UNION BY THE FIRST AND SECOND
INTENTIONS, see Intention.
UNIPARIENS, Uniparous.
UNIPARIENT, Uniparous.
UNIP'AROUS, Unipa'rient, Unipariens, from
unus, 'one,' and pario, 'I bring forth.' Pro-
ducing one at a birth.
UNISE'MA DELTIFO'LIA, Pontede'ria cor.
da'td, Shorel Pickerelwccd, J'ond Shocel, Shovel-
leaf, Water Plantain. An indigenous plant, Ord.
Pontederiaceae, Sex. Si/st. Hexandria Monogynia,
which grows in water, and flowers from June to
August. The root is emollient and astringent.
, UNITAIRES (MONSTHES) (F.), from uni-
tes, 'oneness.' A class of monsters in wliiih are
found only the complete or incomplete elements
of a single individual. In contradistinction to
Compound monsters, (F.) Monstres composes, in
which there are the complete or incomplete ele-
ments of more than one.
UNI'TING BANDAGE, (F.) Baudoiie unis-
sant. A bandage for bringing the edires of a
■wound into approximation. The arraugemeut
UNI VOCAL GENERATION
9 46
URETHRA
of such a bandnge difFcrs nccording as the wound
is tTiinsver.-'e or ionfjiludinal.
UNTVn(\AL OKNEKATION, see Generation.
VXnCULUS, n.uijUK. Cvclops, Monoculus.
l5N0U(iAMZED; Inorganic.
UNSTRIPED MUSCULAll FIBRE, see Mus-
cul.ir fibre.
UNWELL, see Menstruation.
UJ'AS. A word used in the Archipelagos of
Molucca and Sunda, and signifying \'tij<t((ble
Poimiii, fjX), Dohnti, I'ohoii, or Boil or Boon i'pai,
Ujxis, Polioit Aiitiar, Aiifsjai: A substance used
by the natives of those jjlaces for poisoning their
arrows. The smallest quantity is capable of de-
stroying the largest animal. The tree whicrh
produces it is said to be the Antia'n'a To.xica'iia.
Another species of upas, U. Tieiile, Tihettik or
Tjettck, is the produce of a Stri/chiios, S. Tieiile.
Many idle stories are told regarding the upas,
most of which are fabulous.
U'RACIIUS, U'l-dfus, Urinac'ulum, from ovpov,
'urine,' and e;(;(i), "I contain.' {¥.) Oiiroqiie. The
urachus, in certain animals, is a long membranous
canal, wliich arises from tlie bladder, makes its
e.xil from the abdomen by the umbilicus, and ter-
minates in the pouch called allantois. According
to Sabatier, this is the arrangement of the ura-
chus in the liuinan foetus; but Bichat and other
anatomists consider, that when the canal exists
in it, it is a malformation. They regard it as a
kind of suspensory ligament of the bladder, ex-
tending from the top of that organ to the umbili-
cus: and, at the umbilicus, confounded with the
abdominal aponeurosis.
URACRATIA, Enuresis.
liRACUS, Urachus.
UR-iE'MIA, (7i-)ice'mia.{F.) Urenn'e, from ovpov,
'mine,' and 'atita, 'blood.' A condition of the
blooil in wliich it contains urine or urea.
I'RALI, Curare.
URANA, Ureter.
URANE. Urinal.
URANISCONI'TIS, from ovpavta^oi, 'the pa-
late,' and ills, denoting inflammation. J'aluti'tin.
Inflanunation of the palate.
U RANLSCOPLAS'TY, Ur<,,i!H,-ophiis'i!,e, from
ovpaviaKoi, 'the yjalate,' and irXanTiKoi, 'forming.'
The operation of engrafting in case of deficiency
of the soft palate.
URAMSCORRHAPIIIA, Staphylorrapby.
URANII^COS, Palate.
URANORIIHAPIIIA, Staphylorrapby.
URAPOSTE'M A, AbKvex'xus uriiio'iiis, Urte-
de'iiia, from ovpov, 'urine,' and u^oarnpia, 'an ab-
scess.' A tumefaction produced by the escape of
urine. An abscess containing urine.
URAKI. Curare.
URAS, Urate.
URATE, Uras, Lithfite, Litliaa ; from ovpov,
'urine.' A generic name for salts, formed by the
combination of uric or lithic acid with different
bases. Urate or Lithote of Soda, for example, is
found in arthritic and certain urinary concre-
tions:— Urate or Lithate of Ammo' Ilia in certain
urinary deposits.
URE'A, Ureii, Uren'iniii, U' riciim, Mafe'rin
Airiitu'na, PriiK'ip'inm seu Sal itri)i(i' Hum, N'^jth-
riiie, {¥.) Uree. Same etymon. A white, pearly,
brilliant substance, in transparent plates, ino-
dorous, and of a cool taste ; very soluble in water ;
deliquescent, and soluble in alcohol. It exists,
in great quantity, in the urine; and is an essen-
tial part of it. It has been used as a diuretic.
Dose. gr. XV to ^j.
UREC'CIIYSIS, Urech' I/His, from ovpov, 'urine,'
and tif.ti'C'f. 'effusion.' Effusion <jf urine into the
cellular membrane.
UREDO, Urtiearia-
UJi££, Urea.
UREMA. Urine.
U REM IE, Uriemia.
UREX, Urea.
URENIUM, Urea.
URENS, Caustic.
UREORRIKEA, Diabetes.
URKSIiESTlIESIS, Diuresiaesthesis.
URESIS, Micturition.
URE'TER, ovpriTnp. Same ety^ion as Urate.
U'ruun, Vena alba reniiiii, Cana'lln ner'veim Jiulii-
Io'kiih retnim, Biictiis seu Dnctor Uri'txB, Van uri-
na'rium, (F.) Uretcre. A long, excretory canal
■ — membranous and cylindiical — which conveys
the urine from the kidney to the bladder. It ex-
tends, obliquely, between the pelvis of the kid-
ney, with which it is continuous, and the has fond
of the bladder, into which it opens. It enters at
the posterior and inferior i)art, for some distance
between the coats, and o]]ens into the cavity of
the bladder, at the posterior angle of the Triijone
veiic(tL The ureter is formed of an exterior,
white, opake, and fibrous membrane; and of an
inner, which is mucous.
URETERAL'GIA, from ovpnnip, 'the ureter,'
and aXyos, ' pain.' Pain in the course of the ure-
ter,— as from calculus, Ureteral' yiti calcnio'aa.
UitETKHALGiA Calculosa, See Ureteralgia — u.
Inflammatoria, Ureteritis.
URETERE, Ureter.
URETER'ICUS. An epithet for ischury, Ac,
arising from an affection of the ureter.
URETERI'TIS, Ureteral'ijla injiammatn'ria,
Urelerojdileyma'sia, from xireter, and itix, deno-
ting inflammation. Inflanunation of the ureter;
generallv caused by calculus.
URKTERO-Lrill'ICUS, from weter, aiid
Ai-5«s, 'a stone.' An epithet applied to ischury
or other affection caused bv a stone in the ureter.
URETEROL'ITIIUS. Same etymon. Calcu-
lus in the ureter.
URETEROPHLEGMASIA, Ureteritis.
URETERO-PIILEGMAT'ICUS, from nreter,
and 0\s.yii(i, 'plilegm or mucus.' An}' affection
caused by mucus aofumulatcd in the ureter.
URE'TERO-PY'ICUS, from nreter, and t,vov,
'pus.' An epithet applied to affections caused by
the presence of pus in the ureter.
URETERORRHAG"IA, fmm nreter, and pay,t,
'rupture.' Hemorrliage from the ureter.
URETERO-STOMAT'ICUS, from nreter, and
oTOjia, 'orifice.' That which is dependent upon
obstruction of the orifice of the ureter.
UKETERO-TllROMBOi'DES, from nreter,
■Spo^/Jos, 'grumous blood,' and £i(5o5, 'resemblance.'
Ischury from grumous blood in the ureter.
URE'TIIRA, ovfirjSpa, Oann'lla seu ilfea'lnt seu
Dnetns nrina'rini, Urian, Ure'tra, Fii'tnln nri-
na'ria, her nrina'rinm seu Uri'ncB ; (F.) iretlire,
Uretre, from ovpov, 'urine.' The excretory dnct.^
for the urine in both sexes; and for the sperm in
man. In the latter, it is 8 or 10 inches long ; and
extends from the neck of the bladder to the ex-
tremity of the penis, in which its external aper-
ture is situate. In the male urethra, three por-
tions are distinguished: — 1. A Prostatie portion,
near the bladder, about an inch and a quarter in
length, which traverses the prostate gland: —
2. A membranonn portion, hthmns nre'tlner. I'arn
ure'thrm membrana'cea, from 8 to 1 0 lines long,
which is sep.arated from the rectum by the areo-
lar tissue only : — 3. A upon;/;/ portion, \xh\eh fx-
paiids, anteriorly, to form the glans, and which
commences at the bnib of the urethra. Bi fore
opening externally, the canal has a dilatation,
called the Foxta or FoHnic'idn navicnla' rin. On
the interior of the urethra two white lines are
pon.eptible — the one above, tho other below.
The latter commences at the verumontunum; aud
URETHRAL
947
URINARY
at the surface of this, the ejnculntory iliictn, and
piiiHldtic c/iicia open. The urethra is lined, in its
Avhdle extent, by a mucous nuMnV)rane; on which
lire .xeen, particularly at liie bulb, the orifices of
a number of follicular ducts, LaciincB or SiiiiiKei
of Jlor<j>i(/iii. At about an inch and a half from
tiie opening of the meatus, one of tiiese lacunae is
f;cneriilly found, much larger than the rest, and
is named Lucnnn Mnyud. The arteries of the
uretiira are numerous, and proceed from the in-
fernal pudic, — the largest branches entering the
bulb. The veins follow the course of the arteries.
The lymphatics pass into the inguinal and hypo-
giistric plexuses. The nerves come from the pu-
dic and gluteal. In the /cmale, the urethra is
only about an inch long. It is wider than in
num. and susceptible of great dilatation. It is
very wide at its commencement; and descends
obliquely forwards, to terminate at the top of the
external aperture of the vagina by the mKi'tus
Miiiia'riuH. In its course, it is slightly curved,
the concavity being forwards.
UiiKTiiRA, Blind Ducts of the, see Caecus —
u. Mucous liicuTin; of the, see Caecus.
UHE'TIIKAL, Ui-elhia'liH, Ure'thricus. Re-
lating to the urethra.
UKETIIRAL'UIA, from to-dht-o, and a\yos,
'pain.' Piiin in the urethra. Gonorrhoea.
VIlETllliE, Urethra.
IKirj'llKEMPlIRAXrS, Urethrophraxis.
IIUETIIHITIS. Gonorrha-a.
UKETllROBLENNOKRllOS'A, from urethra,
/JXin'u, ' mucus,' and p£(i), 'I flow.' Gonorrhoea;
gleet.
IJRETIIROCYSTAUCHENOTOMIA, see Li-
thotomy.
U R E THROCYSTEOANEURYSMATOTOM-
lA, see Lithotomy.
UltETHROCYSTEOTRACIIELOTOMIA, see
Lithiitcjniv.
URETilROHiEMORRIIAGIA, Urethrorrha-
giii.
URETHROPn RAX'IS, Urethrevtphrau'is,
from urethra, and ippaaaoi, 'I obstruct.' Obstruc-
tion of the urethra.
UUETllROPLAS'TIC,f7rer;i)o;;/f>s'ri"c»s/frorn
vrelhra, and TrXaaau). 'I form.' An epithet given
to the operation, U'rethroplanty, which supplies
defects in the canal of the urethra through which
the urine escapes.
URETHRORRHA'GIA, Urethrohwimrrha'-
(jiii, Vaiilorrhii'yia seu Hceiii'itii'rid sti/l<itit"iii,
fiimi urethra, and pnywiti, ' I break out.' Jlcmor-
rhii^e from the urethra. — Frank.
URETHRORRHCE'A, from urethra, and pew,
'I flow.' A discharge of any kind from the
urethra.
URETIIROSTENO'SIS, Strietu'ro vre'thr<p.,
Vrcxteii'i'xin, Urethninfeii'ia, (F. ) lietr^eiixemeiit
tie rUr^thre, from urethra, and cTcvbicti, 'narrow-
ness.' Stricture of the urethra.
URETHROTOME, Urethrot'omm, {¥.) I're-
thii,tiiiue, from urethra, and Tt\ivij>, ' I cut.' An
iiistnnnent so called by Le Cat, with which he
divided the skin, and "laid ojien the urethra, in
tlir uperation for liihotr)tny. Also, an instrument
(•ir dividing strictures of the urethra.
I'RETHROT'OMY, Ureihmtam'ta ; game ety-
ni'M. An operation, which consists in opening
til.' urethra with the Vrethratome, {>iT l\\e temo-
\;i. -f stricture. See fl»ut,niulcre.
IMlE'l'HRYMENO'DKS, fn.m urethra, and
', , 'a membrane.' That which is caused by a
10. s bnine Conned iu the urethra.
lilETIcrS. Diuretic, Urinary.
IRETRA. Urethra.
/ UETIIK. Urethra.
URETRIS, Urinal.
UROINEA SCILLA, Scilla.
UH]1^;MIA, Uramia.
UP.IAS, Fistula (urinary), Urethra.
URIASIS. Lilhia, Uresis.
URIC ACID, Ac"idum u'ricum seu urolith'-
icuvi seu iilh'icum, Lith'ic, Uryl'ic, Cal'culous,
Bezo'dr'dic, Lithiu'sic or Lilhen'ic Acid, (F.)
Aeide urique. An acid which exists in huniiin
urine, chiefly, if not wholly, in the form of urate
of soda or urate of atnnionia, and which in com-
bination constitutes the greater part of urinary
calculi. It is often deposited from the urine in
health. See Calculi, urinary.
URJC OXIDE, Ox'iduui u'ricum, Xanthic ox-
ide, Xaiithiue, Uroua acid. A substance not dis-
covered in healthy urine, although jirobably bear-
ing some relation to the yellow colouring matter.
It is a very rare ingredient of calculous concre-
tions, and little is known either of its chemical or
jiathological history.
URICUM, Urea.
URIC US; Urinary.
URIDRO'SIS, from ovpov, 'urine,' and 'tlpug,
'sweat.' Urinous sweating. (F.) Sueur uri-
neune.
URINA CEREBELLA, see Cerebella— n. Chy-
li, see Urine — u. Cibi, see Urine — u. Diabetica,
Urine, diabetic — u. Febrilis, Urine, febrile — u.
Furfuracea, see Furfuraceous — u. Gahictodes, see
Galactodes — u. Genitalis, Sperm — u. Jnmentosa
seu Jumentaria, Urine, jumentous — u. Mucosa,
Cystirrhoca- — u. Nephelodes, see Ncpheloid — u.
Oroboides seu Orobodes, see Oroboides — u. Peri-
cardii, see Pericardium — u. Potfls, see Urine —
u. Sanguinis, see Urit}e — u. Vacca;, Urine, cows'.
URINACULUM, Urachus, Urinal.
URINiE PROFLUVIUM, Diabetes — u. Sup-
pressio. Ischuria — u. Stillicidium, Strangury — u.
Substillum, Strangury.
rU IN A I RE, Urinary.
U'RINAL, Uriiiato'viuni, Chert) ih'iuvi, U'raue,
Ure'trin, Uriiiac'n/uiii, Vrodoelii' uui, Urod'oche,
Urodorhe'um, Uratra'cium, Jlatra'eiuiu, J/at'uIn,
J/atei'/a; from tirivn, 'urine.' A name given,
1. To certain vessels, used to pass the urine into.
2. To reservoirs, of different shapes and charac-
ter, which are adapted to the penis, in cases of
incontinence of urine, and which are intended to
receive the urine as it flows ofi'.
URINALIS, Diuretic, Urinary.
URINARIA, Antirhinum linaria, Leontodon
taraxacum.
U'RINARY, Uriiia'rius, Uriua'lis, I'rino'suH,
U'rieuK, Uret'icus, (F.) Uriiiaire. Same etymon.
That which relates to the urine.
UlilNAUY Bladder, Bladder, Veni'ca Urina'-
ria, CyKlis, Unicyi'tis, (F.) Vensie. A musculo-
membranous reservoir, intended for the reception
of the urine, until the accumulation of a certain
quantity solicits its excretion. The bladder is
situate in the hypogastric region, between the
rectum and pubis iu man : iind between the puijis
and vagina in the female. Its ni)per region is
not covered, except by the peritoneum, posteri-
orly. From its centre arises the urachuv. Its
lower region is bounded, anteriorly, by the pros-
tate, in man; and rests on the vesicula! semi-
nales and rectum. In the female, it corresponds
to the vagina. The lowest jiortion of this rejiion
bears the name Uas-fmnl. The anterior surtiuo
of the organ is not covered by peritoneum. It is
attached to the symphysis pubis by a fibro-cel-
lular expansion called the anterior li(/niueut.
The poxterinr !i(/ameuts or recto resicat Julds —
plictB seiuiluuaren — are duplicatures of the peri-
toneum on its posterior surface, which extend
from this surface to the rectum in the male, ai.d
to the uterus in the fem;ile. The bladder is com-
posed of a serous membrane, formed by the peri-
URINATION
948
URINE CRUE
toneum : — of a muscular membrane ; of a some-
what thick layer of areolar tissue ; and is lined
on its inner surface by a mucous membrane,
•which is sometimes raised up, hero and there,
in long prominences or columns by the muscular
libres beneath. To this condition, the French
anatouiii^ts give the term — vessie d colonues. In
the bun-fond the two ureters open, and the urethra
commences; and the triangular space, which the
apertures of these three canals leave between
tlieui, is called, by the French, the Tn'(/one vesi-
c<d or Ve>iical Ti-ianj/le, Tiiijo'nus seu Trigo'nnm
resi'ccB seu Lientdn'di, Corpus triyo'intin. In the
orifice of the urethra, which is also called the
neck of the bladder, there is, at its lower part, a
more or less prominent tubercle, whicli is formed
by the anterior angle of the Tn'yone venical, and
is called the Veaiad uvida, U'vula vesi'cce, (F.)
Luelte veHieale.
The arteries of the bladder proceed from the
hypogastric, umbilical, sciatic, middle hemor-
rhoidal, and internal pudic. Its veins, which are
more numerous than the arteries, open into the
hypogastric venous plexus. Its nerves emanate
from the sciatic and hypogastric plexuses; and
its lymphatic vessels pass into the hypogastric
ganglia.
UiiiNAUY Calcum. The calculi which form in
the urinary passages. See Calculi, urinary.
Urinary Passages, (F.) Votes urinaires. The
aggregate of c.inals and cavities intended to con-
tain the urine and convey it externally. These
icaijs are composed of excretory ducts, which
form the tubular portion of the Kidney ; of cali-
ces ; pelvis; ureters; bhidder; and urethra.
URINATION, Mieturition. JM. Beraud elabo-
rately defines it — a function, the result of which
is the expulsion of matters principally solid, but
held in solution, which have become improper for
nutrition.
UKINATORTUM, Urinal.
URINE, Uii'ua, ovpov, V'l-on, Ure'ma, Lot'ium,
Lot, Lnpis an' reus, Oiiik-h'ma, liecrenifu'ta seu
Jtetrimen'lii vesi'cce, Aijua pedum. Aqua, (Old
Eng.) Stole, Lee, (Prov. ) Hern'n, iVettiiii/, Song.
An excrementitial fluid; secreted by the cortical
part of the kidney; filtered through the tubular
portion ; poured i/uttatim from the apices of the
tubular papillae into the pelvis of the kidney ; and
transmitted by it to the ureters; which convey it
slowly, but in a continuous manner, into the blad-
der, where it remains deposited, until its accumu-
lation excites a desire to void it. The excretion
of the fluid takes place through the urethra; and
is caused by the action of the abdominal muscles
and diaphragm and the contraction of the fibrous
coat of the bladder. Urine is transparent; of a
citron-yellow colour ; of a peculiar odour, and of
an acid, saline, and slightly bitter taste. That
■which is passed some time after taking fluid, is
less coloured, and less odorous and dense than
that which is voided 7 or 8 hours after eating.
The first is the Uri'na potds, (F.) Urine de In
JSoisson, Urine of drink : — the latter Uri'nn
san'<juinis, (F.) Urine de hi digestion^ Urine de
hi coctioii. Urine cnite, dieted urine, Urine of di-
gestion. Three distinct varieties of urine may,
according to Dr. Golding Bird, be recognised :
First. That passed some little time after drinking
freely of fluids, which is generally pale, and of
low specific gravity — 1.003 to 1.009 — -Urina po-
tils. Secondly. That secreted after the digestion
of a full meal ; s. g. 1.020 to 1.028. or even l.O.SO
— Urino chi/li sea cibi. Thirdly. That secreted
independently of the immediate stimulus of food
and drink, as after a night's rest, which is usu-
ally of average density — 1.015 to 1.025, and pre-
sents the essential characters of urine — Urina
aunijuiuia.
The following are the ordinary constituents of
healthy human urine: — urea, uric acid, [liippurio
acid;] extractive matters, embracing alcohol ex-
tract, spirit extract, and water extract, with iheir
respective constituents; mucus; brown colouring
matter of the urine, (haemaphffiin ;) red colouring
matter of the urine, (uroerythrin ;) carbonic, lac-
tic, hydrochloric, suli)huric, phosphoric, silicic,
and hydrofluoric acids; soda; potassii ; ammo-
nia; lime; magnesia; and peroxide of iron. The
proportion of solid matters in 1000 parts of urine
may vary from 20 to 70. The following talilo
expresses the relative amounts of the dillereiit
components in every 100 parts of the solid mat-
ter, according to the analysis of diU'ercnt ob-
servers :
Urea,
Uric Acid,
Extractive matter.
rzelius. Lthmann. Simfm. M-irclrand.
4.5.10 49.08 33.S0 4S.yl
1.50 l.Gl 1.40 1.&9
Ammonia, i^alts I „p 3^ 28.95 42.C0 32.49
and Chlonue ot
Soilium,
Alkiilinu Sulrhatcs; 10.30 11.58 8.14 10.18
Alkaline I'liosphntes, C.88 5.96 6.50 4.57
I'hospluitcs of lime j j ^g j 97 j 59 j g^
and magnesia, )
Its average specific gravity is about 1.015. The
quantity passed by the adult in the 24 hours va-
ries.' On the average it may amount to two
pounds and a half. Sometimes, the urine, in
health and disease, exhibits appearances tluit
have received special names. Thus, that which
is characterized by a deficiency of solid matters
generally, has been called //^(/cn'c/n, ('ur^wp, 'wa-
ter;') by a deficiency of urea, Annzolu' ria, {av,
privative, and azote;) by a superabundance of
urea, Azotu'ria. Urine in which the dc))osit
consists of lithic acid, and the lithates, has been
termed Lithu'riu ; and that in which the dejiosit
consists of the earthy and earthy-alkaline jilios-
phates, fhosjiliu'ria Ceramu'ria, {xcfjiipoi, 'potters
earth,') &e. Ac. At times, a pellicle forms on the
surface {Urenior urina;) which consists of mucus
and some salts : at others, there is a cloud, (Nu-
hec'ulo, nnhes,) towards its upper part, which is
called EncBore'vKi when it is suspended, as it
were, about the middle of the liquid. Occasion-
ally, there is a sediment, to which the names Ily-
pos'tnsis, Sedimen'tum, &c., have been given. (See
these various words.) The urine is often deserv-
ing of attention in disease; but it has been con-
sidered a matter of more importance than it me-
rits. Some empirics have presumed to jironounce
on the nature of disease by simply inspecting it.
See Uroscojiy.
Human urine was, at one time, considered ape-
rient; and was given in jaundice, in the dose of
one or two ounces. Cows' urine, Urina Vacva:,
All/lower water, was once used, warm from the
cow, as a purge, in the dose of Oss.
Urine has been variously designated by pa-
thologists, according to its appearance, <fcc., for
example : —
Urine, AxyE'.iiiC, Uri'nn nnep.'mica. A term
used, but not felicitously, for the form of urine
that occurs in ana-mia, chlorosis, &c. — Becqucrcl.
URINE ARDENTE.Ardentunnc—u. liloody,
Haematuria — u. de la Boisson, Urine, hysterical,
see Urine — ". DriquetS, see Lateritious — «. de la
Coction, see Urine.
Urine, Cuin)E, (F.) Urine erne. Urine that is
thin, transparent, and but little coloured, aflbrd-
ing neither cloud nor deposite.
URIXE CRUE, Urine, crude — n. Cuile, see
Urine.
Urine, Cystin'ic, Cylinn'ria. Urine contain-
'ing cystine or cystic oxide in solution, or us a
deposite.
URIXE DE LA DIGEHTION 94 9
UROGENITAL
UniNK, DiAlJKT'ic, Ihi'na d!nhe'l!ca. Urine
passed in DiabelPH mellilim, Mdlln'rht. It con-
tains a liii-KO (|iiiintity of sufrar aniilotrous to that
of the grape, which may he separated in the form
of crystals. In otlier respects, the urine is very
ahundant and very limpid in that affection.
UIUXK DE LA DIGESTION, see Urine.
UiiiNK, Ditop'siCAL, is an ammoniacal urine,
often containing much albumen and scarcely any
urea.
UiUNK, Dvspi:i''tic, has been found to precipi-
tate tannin ahundaiitly, and to soon putrefy.
URINE El'AISSK, Urine, mucilaginous.
UitlNK, Fkhiulu, Uri'im ffbri'lin. Urine dis-
chari5c<l in inHaniuiation and infiaiiitnatory fever.
Uiii.VK, Fii.AMKNTOdS, See Fihiincntous.
UruNE, Fi.oc'ci'MCNT, (F.) I'liiie J/oconnenae,
is when the fluid is troubled by flocculi, suspend-
ed in it.
UitiNK, FuRFiinA'cEOi'S, see Furfuraceou.s — n.
Flocniiiieioie, Urine, flocculent — u. dee Uoutteux,
Urine, gouty.
Uhini;, (Joiitv, (F.) Urine des rjovtteux, con-
tains ninch iihosphate of lime, and, after severe
attacks of gout, precipitates a mixture of the uric
and rosacic acids.
UlifNE HUILEUSE, Urine, oily.
Uhinu, IIvster'ical, is clear, colourless, and
similar to the Urine de la BoIkhoii.
UiusE, Ioteii'k'AL, contains bile.
UiiiNE, iNcoNrr.NENCE OF, Enuresis.
Uiu.NE OF Inpi.am'matory DISEASES. This
i.«, generally, small in quantity, and very high-
coloured.
UitiNE, Involuntary Discharge of. Enuresis.
UlUNlo, .Jiimkn'toiis, Uri'iiit jnme)it<t's<i scu jn-
meiitd'rin, (F.) Urine Jiiiiieiiteime. A term used,
by the French, for aintnoniacal urine, rendered
turbid by a substance similar to small grains of
(lust, which causes it to resemble the urine of
herbivorous animals.
UlifN/'J LACTESCENTE, U. milky— u. Lai-
teiiie. Urine, milky.
UiUNE. Mll,KY, (F.) Urine lactescente ou lai-
teitse. White and troubled urine.
UntNK, MtU'lLAG"lNOl'S, (F.) Urine (paisne.
Urine containing much mucus.
Urine, Nervous. Thin and very liquid urine ;
such as is passed shortly after the attack of ner-
vous diseases.
Urine of Nervous Fevers is generally ver3'
thin; and often deposits a mixture of uric and
rosacic acids.
Urine, Oily, (F.) Urine hnileiif:e,\s that which
pours like oil, or which has an oily pellicle at its
surface.
Urine, Oxal'io, Ox<da'ria. Urine containing
a salt of the oxalic acid.
Urine, Piiosphorrs'cknt. P/ionpJioru'rif(,Pli(>s-
phu'riu. Urine which is luminous or phospho-
rescent.
Urine, Purpuric, see Porphyruria.
Urine, Rick'ety, contains much phosphate of
lime.
Urine, Sandy, Aretiosa urina — u. Stoppage of,
Ischuria — ». Thine, Urine, thin.
Urine, Thin, (F.) Urine tenue. Urine that is
transparent, slightly coloured, and but little
dense.
Uh'fNEUX, Urinous.
URINIF'KROUS, Urini/er, (F.) Urinifire,
from ovp'iv. 'urine,' and fero, 'I carry.' That
which carries urine.
Urinifkhous Substance of the Kidney, sec
Kidney.
URiNiF'ERona Tubes or Ditcts op Belli'ni,
Tn'hnli seu dnc'lnn iirini/'eri Belli'ni. Tn'hnii
JSelli'ni scu recti, liellinia'ni Ductus, Iiellinia'n(B
Fii'tnlcB. The collection of small tubes, con-
verging from the cortical part of the kidney to
the apices of the papilhe. The tortuous urinife-
rous ducts are called Tubes of Ferrein, Ta'lnli
contt/r'ti seu Ferrel'nii.
URINIF'AROUS, (F.) Uriuipare, from urinci,
'urine,' and purere, ' to produce.' An epithet for
tubes in the cortical portion of the kidney, which
prepare the urine.
URINODES, Urinous.
URINOM'ETER, from ovpov, 'urine,' and nt-
Tpov, ' measure.' A small hy-
drometer for taking the s[iecific
gravity of urine. The urino-
tneter suggested by Dr. Prout
is divided into 60 degrees, the
zero being the point at which it
floats in distilled water. The
numbers on the scale added to
1000, the specific gravity of
water, give the particular spe-
cific gravity : thus, supposing
the number cut by the surface
of the li(iuid to be ^0, it would
indicate a s. g. of 1.030. The
letters II. S. on the back of the
scale mean "healthy standard,"
which ranges from 10° to 20°.
U'RINOUS, Urino'xns. Uri-
no'dex, (F.) Urineu.v. Having
the character of urine. Similar
to urine. ~
UROCE'LE, (Ede'mri scroti Urinometer.
nrino'Kum, Uronclieoce'le, Os-
clicoce'le urina'lis, from ovpov, and xriXri, 'a rup-
ture.' A tumour of the scrotum, owing to the
effusion of urine into the same, and into the areo-
lar tissue.
UROCIIES'IA, Urochez'ia, from ovpoi; and
Xe^i^f, 'to go to stool.' A discharge of urine by
the bowels.
UROCRASTA, Enuresis.
ITROCRIS'IA. from ovpov, and Kpivto, ' I judge.'
Urocrile'rion. A judgment formed either of the
urine, or of disease after inspecting the urine.
UROCRITERION, Urocrisia.
UROCYSTIS, Urinary bladder.
UROCYSTITIS. Cystitis.
UROCYSTOCATARRIIUS, Cystirrhoea.
URODIAL'YSIS, from ov^ov, and iia>vai;.
'dissolution, loss of strength.' A partial and
temporary suspension of the function of the kid-
ney, such as occurs in the course of most acute
diseases. A condition of the function of the
kidney and of the urine, similar to that observed
in acute diseases, but without local mischief or
preceding inflammatory fever, has been termed,
when occurring in children, Urodi(d\i/sii) Ne-
onoto'rnm ; in the aged, Urudiulynis Senum. —
Schonlein.
URODOCHIUM, Urinal. ■
URODYN'IA, from ovpuv, and o^wri, 'pain.'
Pain during the excretion of the urine.
URCEDEMA, Urapostema.
UROF.RYTIIRIN, see Porphyruria.
UROGEN'ITAL, Uroijciiitii'lii, Gcn'ito-u'ri-
nary, Gen'ito-urimt' rins. Relating or appertain-
ing to the urinary and genital apparatus — as the
'urogenital organs' — Or'ynna urtii/enila'lia.
Urogenital Sinus, iSinuH uro-f/enitd'lis. A
cavity or canal in the embryo of the mammalia
opening externally, in which the excret()ry ducts
of the Wolffian bodies, the ureters and the eff'e-
rent parts of the generative apparatus, terminate
internally. It is prolonged into the urachus.
Subsequently it becomes separated by a process
of division into a pom urina' rio and a pars ge-
uitn'liH. The former, exten<ling towards the ura-
chus, is converted into the urinary bladder;
UROLITHI
95 0
UTERINE
whilst from the latter are formed the vesi'ciilce
aemhialeK in the male, and the middle portion of
the uterus in the female. — J. Miiller.
UROLITHI, Calculi, urinary.
UKOLITllIASIS, Lithia.
UR0LIT1I0L0G"IA, from ovpov, X.Ooc, 'a
stone,' and Xoyoi, ' a description.' A description
of urinary calculi.
UROLITHOTOMIA, Lithotomy.
UROLOCJY, Uronology.
UROM.ANTI'A, from ovpov, and fiavrua, 'di-
vination.' The art of divining diseases by sim-
ple inspection of the urine ; Uruico'pia. Une
professing to be able to do this is called Ui-oman'-
tes. Vulgarly, a water-doctor, water-caster.
UROM'ELES, (F.) Uromele, from oupa, 'a
tail,' and ^tAus, 'a limb.' A genus of monsters in
■which the two lower limbs are united, very in-
complete, and terminated by a single foot, which
is almost always imperfect, and the sole of which
is turned forwards. — I. G. St. Hilaire.
UROiMPH'ALUS, Her'nia U'rttchi. A mon-
strosity, which consists in the protrusion of the
urachus at the umbilicus.
ITRON, Urine.
URON'CUS, from ovfiov, and oyK,,., 'a swell-
ing.' A uriniirv swelling.
UKONOL'OtiY, Uroiiolof/'ia, Urol'ogy, Uro-
lng"ia, from ovoov, and Aoyos, 'a description.'
The part of medicine which treats of the urine.
UROPIITIIISIS, Diabetes mellitus.
UROPLA'NIA, from ovpov. and nXavri, 'wan-
dering.' The presence of urine in other parts
than the urinary organs.
UROPOE'SIS, Uropine'siK, from ovpov, and
TTouu, ' I make.' Secre'tio nri'na seu lo'tii. The
secretion of urine by the kidney.
UROPOIESIS, Uropoesis.
UROPYGION. Coccyx.
UROPYGIUM, Croupion.
URORUODINE, see Porphyruria.
UR0RR1IA(JIA. Diabetes.
URORRIICEA, Enuresis, Diabetes.
UROSCIIEOCELE, Urocele.
UROSCOPIA, see Uromantia.
URO'SES, from ovpov, 'urine.' Diseases of the
■urinary organs. — Alibert.
ITROS'TBALITII, Urostenl'ithos, from ovpov,
artap, 'suet,' and X(9oj, 'stone.' A peculiar fatty
ingredient of urinary calculi, discovered by
Heller.
UROSTENOSIS, Urethrostenosis.
URDUS ACID, Uric o.xide.
UROZEMIA, Diabetes— u. Albuminosa, Kid-
ney, Bright's disease of the — u. Mellita, Diabetes
mellitus.
URRHODINE, see Porphyruria.
URROSACINE, see Porphyruria.
URTI'CA, U. Dioi'cu seu major seu his'pi'da,
Pi/r'elhriii>i,A<l'i<e,Common sti»{/in;/ nettle, (Prov.)
little, (F.) Ortle. Ord. Urticace'ae. Sex. Si/st.
Monoecia Tetrandria. This plant has been long
used for medical and culinary purposes. The
young shoots, in the spring, are considered to
possess diuretic and antiscorbutic properties. The
pain produced by its sting is well known, but it
is not to be compared to the torture occasioned
by Urtica stlm'iilitiix. and U. creniiln'ta of India ;
and, still less, to Urtica nreiitins'imn of Timor,
which is called by the natives Daoun Setan,
'Devil's leaf,' on account of the persistence and
severity of the pain.
UnTiCA Baleaiuca, U. pilulifera — u. Crenu-
lata. see Urtica — u. Dioica, Urtica — u. Ilispida,
Urtica — u. Iners magna foetidissima, Galeopsis —
u. Major, U. dioica — u. Minor, U. urens — u. Mor-
tua. Lamiuni album.
UuTICA Pilulik'erA, U. Plliilo'sa scu Rnmn'nn
Beu Buka'rica, Pill-bearing Nettle, (F.) Ortie
liontnine. The seed was formerly given in dis-
eases of the clicst.
Uhtica PiLiJLosA, U. pilulifera — u. Romnnn,
U. pilulifera — u. Stimulans, see Urtica.
Uhtica Uuk.\s, U. minor, Bivarf nettle, (F.)
Ortie hrnlaiite. A lesser variety of the nettle,
possessing similar virtues.
UiiTiCA UuKNTissiMA, see ITrtica.
Nettles have been used as stimulants to para-
lytic limbs.
URTlCArRE, Urticaria.
URTICA'RIA, from wticn, 'a nettle,' (nro, > I
burn ;') Ennnthe'sis vrtica'ria, Vre'do, Scarht-
ti'na seu Fehrix seu Purpura vrtica'ta, Vnido'-
sis, Urtica'ria porcel'lana, Mxunthe'ma tirtica'.
turn, Epinyc'tis prurigino'sa, Fehris rubra jiruri-
gino'sa, Saltans rosa, (F.) Urticaire, Fiivre
Ortie, Porcelaine, Nettle-rash, Nettle-springe ;
vulgarly Hires, Bold Hires; from urtica, 'a net-
tle,' because the eruption resembles that proiliiced
by the stings of a nettle. A disease disliiiguislied
by those elevations of the cuticle called wheats.
They have a white top, and are often surrounded
by a diffuse redness. They e-xcite intolerable
itching, especially when the person is warm in
bed. The eruption frequently goes and comes
once or more in the 24 hours, and is generally
dependent upon gastric derangement. In some
people, nettle-rash is induced by shell-fish, eggs,
nuts, <fec. It is not usually a disease of any con-
sequence, and its treatment is limited to the use
of absorbent la.xatives, and simple general means.
Willan has described six varieties of the com-
plaint:— Urtica'rin fcbri'lis, U. evan'ida, U.
perstans, U. confer'ia, U. subeuta'nea, and (/.
tubero'sa.
Urticaria Poroellana, Essera, Urticaria.
URTICA'TIO, Cnido'sis, Urtica' tion, from »)•-
tica, 'a nettle.' A sort of flagellation, with
nettles; — used with the intention of exciting the
skin.
URUCU, Terra Orleana.
URYLIC ACID, Uric acid.
USNEA, Lichen saxatilis — u. Florida hirta,
Lichen plicatus — ^ u. Hirta, Lichen plicatus — u.
Plicata, Lichen plicatus.
USSACU, Hura Brasiliensis.
USTILAGO, Ergot.
USTIO, Burn, Ustion.
USTION, Us'tio, Causis, from iircre, ■ustnm, 'to
burn.' The act of burning or of applying the
actual cautery. Also, the etfect of cauterization ;
a burn.
USTULA'TIO, Ustula'tion. Same etymon. A
pharmaceutical operation by which a substance
is dried by heat. It is often restricted to the
roasting of ores to drive olf the volatile matters,
as in tlie case of arsenic.
USUALIA, OfBcinals.
USUS, Habit.
UTER, Uterus.
UTERI ADSCENSUS, Hysteria— u. Antevcr-
sio, Ilysteroloxia anterior — u. Carcinoma, Metro-
carcinoma — u. Convulsivus morbus, Lorind ma-
tricis — u. Cory/.a, Leucorrhoea — u. Exulceratio,
Hysterelcosis— u. Flexio, Ilysteroloxia — u. Incli-
natio, Hysteroloxia— u. Obliquitas, Ilysteroloxia
— u. Pronatio, Hysteroloxia anterior — u. Pruri-
tus, Nymphomania — u. Reflexio completa, Hys-
teroloxia posterior — u. Retroversio, Ilysteroloxia
posterior — u. Rheuma, Leucorrhoea — u. Ulcus,
Hysterelcosis — u. Versio incompleta, Hystero-
loxia.
U'TERTNE,C7»'ri'Hi(», from uterus, 'the womb.'
That which belongs or relates to the womb.
UteHINE AltTElty, Arte'ria uteri'na h>/}X>gas'.
tn'cn. Its size is always in a ratio with the
greater or less state of development of the uterus.
It arises from the hypogastric, either separately
UTERINUS FR.\TER
951
UTRICULUS
or with tlie umhilicivl, or from the internal pudic ;
pusses upon the lateral parts of the vagina, to
which it f^ives branches; and afterwards ascends
on the sides of the uterus, and divides into a con-
Fideral)lo number of very tortuous branches,
wliich enter the tissue of the orf;an.
Utkiu.nk Bougik, Sound, uterine.
Utichinf.; Buothkk. One born of the same
mother, l)ut of a ditlerent father.
Utioiunb (iLANns, Utrifuhir glands.
Utkuisk Muscle op RnysoH consists of some
fleshy lil)res at the fundus of the uterus, which
he regarded as forming a particular muscle.
Utkuink Sound, Sound, uterine.
UTEIU'NUS PRATER. In law, a brother
bv the mother's side.
"UTiaiO-ABDOMINAL SUPPORTER, see
Bi'it, Russian.
UTKRO-C; ESTATION, Pregnancy.
UT K RO M AN I A, Xy m phomania.
U'TERUS, ov&ap, Uicr, Utrlc'idii8, Vulva, Loci,
L. mulie'breH, Viihut, Venter, Cuncpptac' ultim. Ma-
trix, Arvinii seu Aijer iiatn'ro!, Hjju'tera. Sle.tra,
Stern, Aii'i/iin, Delpln/n, Alvus, Epnmpha'lir/ii,
G(i»ler, Mater, Nedi/n, Pontreiiia, the Woiiih, (Se.)
Wectm, (Prov.) Wem, (¥.) Matrice, Seiii. The
Uterus, destined to lodge the foetus from the com-
mencement of conception till birth, is a hollow
symmetrical organ, having the shape of a trun-
cated conoid: it is situate in the pelvis, between
the bladder and the rectum, above the vagina,
and below the convolutions of the small intestine.
The uterus is flattened from before to behind, and
is nearly an inch in thickness. It is two inches
broad at its highest part, and becomes narrower
towards the vagina; terminating in a contracted
portion, called the cerrix or jipcA", to distinguish
it from the rest of the organ, called the body.
From its fniidun or upper portion, tlie Fallopian
tubes pass off. The mouth is called Os U'teri,
Os Tiitcee, Os u'teri extcrn'uin, Orific" ium vatfi-
nn'le. At the point where the body of the uterus
is continuous, below, with the neck, the cavity is
slightly constricted, forming what is sometimes
nameil the internal orifice, On u'teri intern'inn, Os
intern' inn , hthnius seu on'tiiim u'teri, Orific"ium
uterinum. Between these is the Cana'lis cervl'cis.
The cavity of the uterus is very small, and its
parietes are thick. The portion of the cavity cor-
responding with the body is triangular and flat-
tened. Its superior angles present the extremely
fine oritices of the Fallopian tubes. The cavity
of the neck is slightly dilated before opening into
the vagina. The uterus is composed, 1. Of a
serous memhrane. This is external, and furnished
by the peritoneum ; which is reflected upon the
uterus from the posterior surface of the bladder
and the anterior surface of the rectum. These
folds of the peritoneum are sometimes called, re-
spectively, the anterior and the posterior liga-
ments. The former are also named the vesico-
uterine and the latter the recto-uterine folds or
plicm seinilimn'res. It forms, also, the broad
ligaments of the uterus, Liijamen'ta lata, Ala ves-
2^ertilio'nis, Ite'tia U'teri. These contain, above,
the Fallopian tube; beneath and anteriorly, the
round ligaments ; and, behind, the ovary. They
are two membranous productions or duplicatures
of the peritoneum, sent from the edges of the
uterus and posterior extremity of the vagina, in
a transverse direction, to be fixed to, and line,
the side of the pelvis. 2. Of a mucous membrane,
which is a prolongation of that of the vagina, and
extends into the tubes. 3. Of a proper tissue,
whose thickness is considerable. It is of a close
texture: is grayish and elastic: and resists the
instrument that divides it. Its intimate nature
is but little known. During gestation it is truly
muscular. The arteries of the uterus proceed
from the spermatic and hypogastric. Its veins
follow the same course, and bear the same name
as the arteries. They are very tortuous, and
form large sinuses in the parietes of the organ,
called U'terine Si'nuses. Its nerves proceed from
the sciatic and hypogastric plexuses. Its lym-
phatic vessels are very muliiplied ; and during
pregnancy acquire enormous dimensions. The
changes experienced by the uterus during gesta-
tion, and after delivery, are very numerous and
important to be known. They regard its situa-
tion, direction, size, shape, texture, connexions,
vital properties, <fec.
Uterus, Abdomen — u. Anteversion of the,
Ilysteroloxia anterior.
Utbrus Bif'idus. A double uterus. One se-
parated into two cavities.
Utehus Duplex, Dihysteria — u. Hour-glass
contraction of the, Chaton — u. Inelinatus, Ilyster-
oloxia.
Uterus, Ir'ritable, JN^euro^V/i'a of the Uterus.
A disease characterized by deep-seated pain in
the lower part of the abdomen, and in the back
and loins ; generally diminished by lying down,
and increased by exercise, and more severe for a
few days preceding and during menstruation.
On examination 2"''' vaf/i}iam, the uterus is found
to be tender on pressure, Metryj}er<Bsthe'sis ; and
the cervix and body slightly swollen, but not
usually indurated. It is an obstinate afi'ection,
but frequently ends of itself after j-ears of suffer-
ing. The treatment must be, — the horizontal
posture; local blood-letting to the uterus ; emol-
lients: soothing injections; narcotics, warm bath,
<&c. See Ilysteralgia.
Uterus, Invei!Sion op the, Inver'sio U'teri,
Metranas'troplie, ^Edopto'sis Uteri inver'sa, (F.)
Inrersion ou Renversement de la 3/atrice, The
uterus, displaced and turned inside out. This
can only happen through want of caution on the
part of the medical practitioner. It is a fatal
accident, unless speedily reduced. This must be
done by gradually returning the superior part, by
grasping it with the hand, and making the rest
follow.
Uterus Masoulinus, see Ejaculatory ducts —
u. Obliquus, Hysteroloxia — u. Retroversion of
the, Hystercdoxia posterior.
Uterus, Rupture op the, Ifetrorrhcx'is, Hys-
terorrhex'is, Riiptu'ra seu Perfora'lio Uteri, La-
ceration of the Womb, (F.) Ru^Aure ou Dechirura
de la Matriee. This dreadful accident occurs
during labour, and is known to have taken place,
when the child's head suddenly recedes during a
pain, with vomiting, sinking of the pulse, cold
sweats, <fcc. When it is evident that this has oc-
curred, the hand must be passed into the uterus,
and the feet of the child be brought down.
Cases are on record, in which partial lacera-
tions of the uterus have healed, and the patient
has done well. This is a rare event, and not to
be anticipated.
UTRICLE, see Semicircular canals.
U'tuiCLE, PRlMOR'niAL, Utric'ulus primordin'-
lis. A delicate membrane, of protein composi-
tion, which lines the cell wall of vegetable struc-
tures, and from the exterior of which the layer
of cellulose is secreted.
UTRICULAR, Utricula'ris; from vtricdus,
(diminutive of uter, iitris.) 'a small bag or bot-
tle.' Relating to or resembling a small bag or
bottle.
Utricular Glands, Glan'dnlce utrieula'res
seu uteri'ncB. The glands or follicles in the inte-
rior of the uterus, which are concerned* in the
formation of the decidua.
UTRICULUS, see Ejaculatory ducts, Uterus—
u. Communis, see Semicircular canals — u. L.ic-
i teus, Receptaculum chyli — u. Primordialis, Utri-
UVA
952
VACCINA
cle, primordial — u. Prostaticus, see Ejaculatory
ducts.
UVA, Uvula, see Yitis vinifera — u. Inversa,
Paris — u. Lupiiia, Paris — u. Passu, see Vitis vini-
fera— u. Ursi, see Arbutus uva ursi — u. Vulpina,
Paris.
Uv.u CoRiNTiiiAC.«, see Vitis Corinthiaca.
Uv/E Pass.k, lihages, Dried Grapes, liaisins,
see Vitis vinifera.
Uv.E Pass.*: Majores, see Vitis vinifera — u.
Passaj niinores, see Vitis Corinthiaca — u. Passae
sole siec-atse, see Vitis vinifera.
UVAKIA TRILOBA, sec Carica papaya.
UVATIO, Ceratocele, Staphyloma.
U'VE.-^, from iivn, 'an unripe gra()e.' Tii'in'ca
acinii'na seu aciiii/or'iiiis seu iivn'lis seu «c/)(«7/»
seu uvifiir'niis seu rhnyindeK seu uvea seu jjer/'w-
ra'ln, Jleiiibraiin uvea, Rhtiyoi'tha, Jiliux, (F.)
Ucee. Some anatomists have given this name to
the choroid coat of the eye; others, to the poste-
rior laj'er of the iris, on account of the black and
very tiiiek varnish that covers it. See Iris.
Uvka. CoMMissuiiB OF THE, Ciliary ligament.
UVEE. Uvea.
UVEl'TIS; a vpord of hybrid formation; from
nvea, 'the uvea,' and itis, denoting inflamma-
tion ; properly, RhtiyodeVtis. Inflammation of
the uvea. See Iritis.
UVKiENA, Uvula.
UVIGEHA, Uvula.
U'VULA, diminutive of ?/rrf, 'a grape.' Pin-
vic' nlnm for'tiich giiltiira'lis, Uea, Stoph'yle,
TiiitiiiiKib'iiluiji, Colitiiiet'la, Cioil, Ci'iDiin, Giir-
yii'reon, Cohiiu'na nriii, Guryit'lia, Iiitursc/j'tiim,
J'rocesHiis seu Cartiln'yn U'vi/er,Ui'ly"eiKi,Uvi(j''-
era, Pup of the Throat, Hiiiius, J'/ectriiiii, Siib-
lin't/na, Ksubliu'yaium, (Sc.) Pap of the Huaa, (F.)
Litette. A fleshy appendi.x or prolongation, which
hangs from the middle or free eilge of the velum
palati. The uvula has a conical shape, and is of
a greater or less size in individuals. It, is formed,
especially, by the mucous membrane of tiie velum
palati; and contains, within it, tlie azygos uvulie
muscle. Its use is not clear.
Also, a small prominence or lobule in the por-
tion of the cei-ebulhim that forms the ))ostcrior
boundary of the fourtli ventricle, l-'ni/n t-ere-
bell'i. It is on the median line, and behind tho
uodulus.
Uvula, see Vermiform process inferior — vi.
Cerebelli, see Uvula — u. Decidua. .Siii|.liyla'deiua
— u. Kelaxata, Stajdiylcedema — u. \ ''sicju, see
Urinary bladder — u. Vesical, see Ui ary bind- ■
der.
U'VULAR, Uviilo'rhjrom uvula. That which
belongs to the uvula.
Uvular Glands are small follicles, belonging
to the mucous membrane covering the uvula.
UVULARIA, so called from the flowers hang-
ing like the uvula [?], Ruscus hy))oglossuin.
Uvula'iua PkRFoLIa'tA, Siiiiiller Btllwort ;
indigenous ; Order, Melanthaceu) ; flowering in
May and June. The root, when fresh, is sul)ncrid
and mucilaginous. A decoction of the plant is
used in sore mouth. It is said to cure the bites
of rattlesnakes.
UviJLARiA Grandiplo'ra and U. Sestilifu'lia
have similar properties.
UVULl'TIS, a word of hybrid formation, from
uvula, and ills, denoting inflammation. Aiiyi'ua
iiviila'rin, Stiipliijli'tin, Cioni'tis, iiijlamnni'tio
\i'r>nl(B, (F.) Jiijl<(iiunatioii de la Lmtfc, I'idliiig
down of the I'alate. Inflammation of the uvula.
When to a slight degree, Uypoataijhijlitiis.
Y.
VACCIN, see Vaccina.
VACCI'i^A, V. primiy"ena seu vaccinato'ria
seu aiitivariolo'sa, Vavciu'ia, Vari'ola vrici-iua, V.
vacciu'ica seu tiito'n'a seu tutrix, Exauthe'nia
varrinri seu aiitirariolo'iiuui, Si/u'orhii vacviua,
Em' phi I/sin vaccina iuxer'ta, Vacci'ola, V. acutel-
lit'ta, V. vera, Vnri'oleB tnto'ricB, Cow-pox, Kiue
Pork, Iiioit' ulated Uuw-por, from Dacca, 'a cow ;'
(F. ) Vaccine. The cow-po.\ is a disease of the
cow, arising spontaneously, which, if transmitted
to man by means of inoculation, may preserve
him from small-po.x contagion. The promulga-
tion of this valuable property of the vaccine
virus is due to Dr. Jenner. Wlien inoculating
for small-pox in Gloucestershire, in 1775. he was
surprised to meet with a number of persons in
the same district, on whom the insertion of the
virus produced no effect, although they had never
passed through small-pox. On investigation,
lie found that all these persons had previously
been affected by a pustular eruption of the cow,
which they had taken by milking the animal;
and which eruption they called Cow-pox. This
discovery induced hira to institute experiments,
anrt he found that such preservative effect actu-
ally existed. The Vaccine Virus, Virus Vacci'-
num, (F.) Vaccin or the fluid of the eruption, is
not now usually taken immediately from the cow ;
experience having demonstrated that it is nearly
as efficacious when obtained from the human
vesicle. The characteristic of cow-pox eruption
is: — a semi-transparent, pearl-culoured vesicle,
with a circular or somewhat oval base; its upper
surface, until the end of the 8th day, being more
elevated at tlie margin than in the centre; and
the margin itself being turgid, shining, and
rounded, so as often to extend a. little over the
line of tlie base. This vesicle is filled with clear
lymph, contained in numerous little cells, that
communicate with each other. After the 8th or
9th day from the insertion of the virus, it is sur-
rounded by a bright red, circumscribed areola,
which varies in its diameter, in different cases,
from a quarter of ;in inch to two inches ; and is
usually attended with a considerable tumour, and
hardness of the adjoining areolar membrane.
This areola declines on tho 1 1th or 12th day ; the
surface of the vesicle then becomes brown in the
centre; and the fluid in the cells gradually con-
cretes into a hard, rounded scab or crust, of a
reddish-brown colour, which at length becomes
darker, contracted, and dry, but is not detached
till three weeks after vaccination. It leaves iv
permanent, circular cicatrix, about five lines in
diameter, and a little depressed; the surface
being marked with very minute pits or indenta-
tions, denoting the number of cells of whicli tho
vesicle had been composed. This is tlie progress
of the yeuuine cow-pox. At times, fever occurs
about the 9th or 11th day; but, at others, not the
slightest indisposition is felt. Aberrations from
this progress occur, which must be attended to;
as the same preservative influence is not exerted
by irregular or spurious cow-pox. If the erup-
VACCTXAL
953
VAGINAL
tion runs speedily to a hcijjht, hns an areola too
early, is irri'j,'uliir iit its e<lj,res, and contains pus
instead of a limpid fluid, — it cannot at all be
dept'iicieii upon.
Siniiilpox occurs, occasionally, as an epidemic
after vaccination. P'or a wliiiol the enthusiastic
ndvociitcs of vaccination would not admit the
affection to be small-pox; and, accordingly, they
gave it the luinio Viirioloid. It is un<iuestionably
small-pox, hut modified, and jrreatly divested of
its terrors by previous vaccination ; and it is
said to happen less frequently after vaccination
than after miKdl-pox iiiocHliilioii. Vaccination is
now practised everywhere, except among those
in whom ignorance and prejudice exclude the
lights of reason and philanthropy. There is
ground, however, for the belief, that fcjr full pro-
tection rev<tcciiu(tiou may be occasionally neces-
sary.
Vactixa AMTivAiiTOi.osA, Vaccina — v. Prinii-
pena, Vaccina — v. Tutoria, Vaccina — v. Tutrix.
Vaccina — v. Vaccinatoria, Vaccina. '
VAVa/NAL, Vaccine.
VACCINA'TION, V<irr!,i„'lio. from vaccn, ' n
cow;' Cuw-pox invciiliiliiiii, Jeniie'ricni inociiUi-
tion. An operation wliich consists in inserting
the vaccine virus under the cuticle, so that it may
come in contact with the absorbents. It is ex-
tremely simple, and re(iuire8 merely that the
point of the lancet should be held under the
cuticle fur a short time. The best time for taking
the matter from the Cmo-po-r vesir/e, for vacci-
nation, is about the 7th or 8th diiy, before the
appearance of the areola, when it ought to be
limpid and transparent. The most certain me-
thod is, to i)ass it from arm to arm ; but this is
not always convenient; and, hence it is taken
upon jxi'nitH or pieces of quill, or between glasses.
It must, of course, be softened for use. This is
done by means of a little water, which does not
destroy its efficiency. The scab, too, which falls
off about the end of three weeks — sooner or later
— is capable of communicating the affection, if
dissolved in water; and this is the most common
method of transmitting the vaccine virus in some
countries.
VACCINATOR, Vac'ciiust. One who inocu-
lates fur the cow-pox.
VACCINE, Vaccina.
Vaccinr, Vacci' iiiih, V<iccuiii'!i>i, (F.) Vitcciixil ;
same etymon. Relating or appertaining to vac-
cination, as the 'vaccine vesicle,' 'a vnccine phy-
sician.'
VACCINEL'LA. A term employed by some
to designate spurious cow-pox. Vdrcin'inn, V<ic-
cl'old xpn'ria seu lepro'sa, (F.) Vaccinelle, I'dc-
cindide.
VACCINIA, Vaccina — v. Palustris, Vaccinium
oxycoccos.
VACCINIST, Vaccinator.
VACCINIUM MACROCARPON, see V. oxy-
coccos.
VA^oIN'IU^f Myrtyl'lus, either corrupted from
iDjacinlliHi, or, and more probably, biicciniiiin ;
from hiicc(P, 'berries,' in allusion to its fruit.
Vitin idcB'it niyrti/'htu, Vitcciii'iii myitil'lua, Viic-
ciii'iiiiii nhji-iim, Mi/rt/e licni/, fiilbern/, B/cn-
hernj, Wliortle-hern/, BIncIc \VhortH, (Sc.) i:i„c-
berri/, (Prov.) Hurilehcrn/. Wlnmheny. (F.) Ai-
relle AiKjnleiise, Jinixin de Hoh. Onl. Vaceinie;e.
Sex. Si/st. Octandriii Monogynia. The berries —
Biicc(p, Muitillo'ruin — are esteemed to be anti-
scorbutic, when prepared with vinegar. They
are also said to possess antiseptic and sub-astrin-
gent properties when dried. They are not used
in medicine; but are frequently eaten with milk
and sugar.
Vaccinh'm Nioiu'M. \ . myrtdlus.
Vaccinillm Oxvcoc'cos, Oxyajc'cov, 0. pahis'-
tria, SchoHera oxyeoecoa, Vaccinia pnhm'tris, Vitia
IdcB'n poliiH'liix, M'loi berry, Cranberry, Muxs-
btrry, Siiuuiij) Itedberry, S'liirberry, (F.) Caiiiie-
beryc. The berries are pleasantly acid and co<d-
ing. They make an agreeable ((reserve. The
common American Cranberry is from Vaccioiuni
mitcrocarj)!!!!.
Vaccinium PKNysvi.VAs'icmi, Low Blueberry.
The leaves and bark of the root are astringent.
Vaccinh'm PuNCTATiiM, V. vitis idaea — v. Re-
sinosum, Gaylussacia resinosa.
Vaccinium Stamin'ku.m, Bndherry, Squaw
Hnvkleberry, Deerberry. The leaves of these
plants are astringent.
Vaccimum Vitis Id.-e'a, T'. puncta'tiun. Vitis
IdcB'u fjinicta'ln, Aiii'pelaa Ida' a, Reii liilherry,
(Sc.) Brawliita, Alpine Cranberry, rWhortiebcrry,
Cuicberry, (F. ) Airelle ou Canncberye poiiclnee.
A decoction of the leaves has been used in cal-
culims affections. They are astringent. The
ripe berries are pleasantly acid, and refiigerant.
Wliort/ebcrries are furnished by different species
of Viiccinium.
T'^ CC/yOIDl<J. Vaccinella.
VACCINOIS, Vaccinella.
VACCINIIS, Vaccine.
VACCIOLA, Vaccina — v. Leprosa, Vaccinella
— V. Scutellata, Vaccina — v. Spuria, Vaccinella
— v. Vera, Vaccina.
VACILLA'TIO, Titnba'lio, from vaciUare, 'to
waver.' Staggering ; waddling — clandica'tio
anat'ica.
Vacii.latio Dentium, Odontoseisis.
VAGIN, Vagina,
VAGI'NA, 'a sheath,' ]''. mnlie'hria seu uteri'-
na seu U'teri seu fenix, Sinnx nndie'brix seu Pu-
do'ris seu Pndcn'di, Cal'f.nx. I'erix, Perin, Colpua,
Vn/ro-uterine canal, (F.) Vayin, Ctindnit de Id
jjndeur. A cylindrical canal, live or six inches
long; situate within the pelvis, between the
bladder and re(^tum. It comnmnicates by one
extremity, Aidnx, with the vulva; by the other,
Fornix seu Fniiihtx, with the womb. Pars seu
Portia vaijina'lis n'teri, the neck of which it em-
braces. The vagina is lined, internally, by a
mucous membrane ; and is partly closed, in young
females, by the hymen, and caruncuhie niyrli-
formes. Around the mucous membrane is a layer
of spongy, erectile tissue; and a cellulo-vascular
membrane. A constrictor muscle; numerous
vessels furnished by the vaginal artery, particu-
larly ; veins and nerves, proceeding from the
sciatic plexus, also, enter into the composition of
the organ.
The term Vagina or sheath, Theca, is extended
to many ))arts, which serve as envelopes to others.
Sheath, (F.) Gaine, is sometimes applied to the
fascia enveloping the limbs; to areolar mem-
brane, enveloping the muscles, and entering be-
tween their fibres ; to that which surrounds the
blood-vessels ; to the synovial membranes sur-
rounding tendons, and lining the gutters of
bones, &,c.
Vagina Counis, Pericardium — v. Femovis,
Fascia lata aponeurosis — v. Funiculi Ilmbilicalis,
see Funiculus umbilicalis — v. (ilissonii, Ca|)sulo
of Glissoi* — V. Malleolaris externa, Retinaculuui
tendinum perina;orum — v. Muliebris, Vagina — v.
Aluscularis, Perimysium — v. Nervorum. Neuri-
lemma— v. Penis. Vagina — v. Pili, see Ilnir — v.
Port;B, Capsule of Ulisson — v. Uterina, Vagina.
Vagina ok tub Vkna Porta. Sheath of the
Vena Porta, (F. ) Gaine de la Veine parte, is the
areolar membrane that accom|>anies the divisions
of the vena ))()rta info the substance of the liver.
VAGIN/E SYNOVIALES, Bursaj mucosse.
VA(}"INAL, ]'i'i(/i)i<i'//x,from vayina, 'asheath.*
Relating or pertaining to a sheath.
Vaginal Ainiiitv. This exists, as a matter of
VAGINITIS
954
VALVULA
course, only in the female. It arises from the
hypogastric or from the uterine, vesical, internal
pu'lic, uiiiliilical, <fec., and sends its branches,
first to the lateral parts of the vagina, and after-
wards to the anterior and posterior surfaces.
Vagixai. Bil'iauv Plkxus. A plexus of rami-
fications of the hepatic duct through the capsule
of (ilisson.
Vaginal Branches of the Vena Porta are
those which have to i)ass through the sheath of
tiie capsule of Glisson, previous to entering the
interlobular spaces. In this course, they form
the vdyinal plejciis. There are, also, vo</iii'il
hniiirhes, and a vaginal ple.iH8 formed by the
hepatic artery.
Vaginal Coat op the Eye, see Eye.
Vaginal Coat of the Testicle, Ta'nica Va-
f/hia'lis seu Elytrdi'des seu Elijtro'deft, is the se-
rous membrane which envelops the testicle. Be-
fore the descent of the testicle, the tunica vagi-
nalis does not exist. It is formed by a prolonga-
tion, furnished by the peritoneum to the testicle
when it issues from the abdomen. The tunica
vaginalis forms a close sac, investing the testicle
and epididymis, without containing them in its
cavity, and reflected so as to form a bag around
the circumference of the testis; hence it is divided
into 7'u'nicn vagiita'lis pro'pria and Tii'tiica va-
(jiiKi'liv reflex'a. Between the two layers, the
inner surface is smooth, and lubricated by a
serous fluid.
Vaginal Ganglia, see Spermatic ganglion.
Vaginal Plexus, see Vaginal branches of the
vena porta.
Vaginal PnocEss of the Temporal Bone,
(F.) Apophyne vtujiiKile ou oiyrniiiiiite, Gaiiie de
riijxiphi/ie Kl;/l.o'ide, Cliatoii,\» a bony crista, which
embraces the base of the styloid process.
Vaginal Pulse, Pulse, vaginal.
VA(JIN1TI8, Leucorrhcea (vaginal.)
VACINO-VKSICAL, Vesico-vaginal.
VAGISSEMBNT, Cry, Vagitus.
VAGI'TUS, (F.) VayhHement. The cry of the
new-born child. Sqiiallhig.
Vagi'tus Uteri'nus. The cry of the child in
utero.
VAGUS NERVUS, Pneuraogastric.
VAIRON (F.), Dlxpar oc'ulus. One who has
eyes of diff"erent colours. It also means a wall-
eyed animal, or one whose iris is surrounded by a
whitish circle.
VAISSEAU, Vessel — v. Sanguin, Blood-
vessel.
VAISSEAUX OAPILLATRES, Capillary
vessels — i-. Chyliferes, Chyliferous vessels — v.
Lacte.n, Chyliferous vessels — v. Ldctifeie^, Lacti-
ferous vessels — v. Omhilicniix, Umbilical vessels
— 11. TutifhillotDieii, Vasa vorticosa.
VALANIDA, Fagus sylvatica.
VALANTIA APAHINE, Galium aparine.
VALERIAN, AMERICAN, Cypripediura lu-
teum, Valeriana pauciflora — v. Garden, Valeriana
phu — V. Greek, Polemoniuin reptans — v. Offici-
nal, Valeriana — v. Wild, Senecio aureus, Valeri-
ana, V. pauciflora.
VALERIA'NA, V. officina'IiH seu minor, Leu-
cohich'aimni. Wilil or Offic"inal Valerian. Ord.
Valerianaceae. Sejc. St/xt. Triandria Monogynia.
The root, Valeria' na (Ph. U. S.), has been long
extolled as an eflicacious remedy in epilepsy, and
in a variety of nervous complaints. It has been
also advised as a tonic, antispasmodic, and em-
liienagogue. It has a strong, fetid odour; bit-
terish, subacrid, and warm taste; and its virtues
fire extracted by water and alcohol. The dis-
tilled oil is ofiicinal in the Pharmacopoeia of the
United States.
Valeiuana Capen'sis, a South African spe-
cies, has similar virtues.
VALEniANA Cblt'ica, V. Saxat' ill's, Spica CeV-
ticn seu Ccl'tica Dioacnr'idii seu Alpi'iia, Nardui
Cel'tica, Saliiiit'ca, Xnrdum Gidl'icum, Celtic
Nard, (F.) Nard Celtique. The roots of this
Alpine plant have been recoininended as a sto-
machic, carminative and diuretic. It has a mo-
derately strong smell, and a warm, bitterish, sub-
acrid taste.
Valeriana Denta'ta, F. locm'ta, Com Salad.
A wholesome, succulent plant, cultivated in Eu-
rope as a salad. It is antiscorbutic and gently
aperient.
Valeriana Major, V. phu — v. Locusta, V.
dentata — v. Minor, Valeriana — v. Oflicinalis,
Valeriana.
Valeriana Pauciflo'ra, American or Wild
Vale'rian, and V. ai/lvat'ica, have the properties
of the other Valerians.
Valeriana Phu, T''. major, Garden Valerian,
(F.) Grande Valeriane. The root has been re-
commended in rheumatism; especially in sciatica,
and in epilepsy.
Valeriana Saxatilis, V. celtica — v. Spica,
Nardus Indica — v. Sylvatica, see V. pauciflora.
VALERIANE, GRANDE, Valeriana phu.
VALET A PAT IN (F.), VoheVla I'ati'ni.
The common ligature forceps is a modification of
this instrument invented by one I'atin. It con-
sists of two branches, united at the middle by a
hinge, which may be separated or approximated
by means of a screw or running ring. It is used
for seizing hold of vessels that are to be tied.
VALETUDTNAIRE, Valetudinary.
VALETUDINARIUM, Hospital.
VALETUDINARIUS, Sickly, Valetudinary.
VALETU'DINARY, Valelndina'rian, Valetii-
dina'rinv, Inval' idus, (F.) Valelndiiiaive, from
valetudo, 'health,' valeo, 'to bo well.' One of
delicate health. One subject to frequent diseases.
An Invalid.
VALETUDO, Sanitas— V. Adversa, Disease—
V. Bona, Sanitas — v. Commoda, Sanitas — v. Se-
cunda, Sanitas.
VALGUS, see Cnemoscoliosis and Kyllosis.
VALIGA, Tinctura jalapii.
VALITUDO, Sanitas.
VALLECULA, Valley — v. Unguis, see Nail.
VALLEY, Vallec'nla, V. Reil'ii, (diniinutivo
of vallis, 'a valley.') (F.) Grand Seinxure Me-
dians du Cervelet. The deep fissure on the infe-
rior part of the cerebellum, which divides it into
two symmetrical portions.
VALLUM. The eyebrow or supercilium. Also,
a species of bandage. — Galen.
VALS, MINERAL WATERS OP. A French
acidulous chalybeate at Vals, six leagues from
Viviers, in the department of Ardfeche. There
are five springs, containing carbonic acid, sul-
phate of iron, and alum. They are employed in
passive hemorrhages, leucorrhooa, &c
VALVE, Val'vida, Diclis, (F.) Valvide. from
valvce, 'folding-doors,' itself from volvo, 'I fold
up.' A small door. Any membrane or duplica-
ture of a membrane, which prevents a reflux of
humours or other matters in the vessels and
canals of the animal body. There are somo
valves, whose functions appear to be, — to retard
or to modify the course of substances along canals,
<fec. See mitral, sigmoid, tricnupid, ileo-cwcal
valve, &c.
Valve of Fallopius, Bauhin, valve of — v.
Ueo-coecal, Bauhin, valve of — v. Ueo-eolic, Bau-
hin, valve of — V. of Tulpius, Bauhin, valve of — v.
of Varolius, Bauhin, valve of.
VALVES, KERKRIN(JIAN, Valvula conni-
ventes — v. Semilunar, Sigmoid valves.
VALVULA, Valve — v. Cipci, Bauhin, valve of
— v. Cerebelli, Valvula Vieussenii — v. Coli, Bau-
VALVUL.E BICUSPIDALES 955
VARICOCELE
hin, Viilve of — v. Foraminis ovalis, Ovalis fossa
— V. (luifrartiaiia, see Thebei^ius, veins of — v.
Ilei, liauliiii, valve of — v. Magna Cerebri, V.
Vic'usseiiii.
Vai.VUL/V SK\flLrNA'RlS, Plica Semihiiia'rin
neu liDiu'tn, Meiiihi'iii'iild HetiiiliOKi'n's conjunct i'-
VII. A small doublirif^ of the tunica conjunctiva,
■which lies between the caruncuhi lacrynialis and
the bull of the eye. In birds, this is large, and
called Menihrri'nn iiic'h'tmis seu I'ltVjiehra tet'tui.
Valvula Tauini, Velum uieduUare posterius
— V. Thebesii, see Thebesius, veins of — v. Va-
gina, Hymen — v. Venaj magnae, see Thebesius,
valve of.
Valvula Vikussk'nii, V. cerehel'U seu Wil-
h'»!(i'ii(i seu viagita cei'ebii, Velitm VietiBse'iiii seu
i lite rji'c't Hill cKi'cbeHI, V. iipoj)h'ijn! verniij'ormi ob-
tiiilHiii, V. mediillu' re seu mcdiilld're anti'ciim seu
aiile' riiiH, Liirn'iiiirvciitiic'iili qiuiiti 8iiperii>r, (F.)
Vidcide de VicumieUH, Voile iiiedidlaire mipeiieure.
A thin, medullary lamina, over the under end of
the Aquit'ductus Sylvii and upper part of the
fourth ventricle. At the sides of the valves are
two medullary tracts, called I'tocefm'ns ad Testes,
Col II III' lies Viil'videR VieHUHeuii or Oblique tiiter-
cer'ebrol Com' in injure.
Valvula Wd.lisiana, Valvula Vieussenii.
VALVULE. BICUSPIDALES, iMitral valves.
VALVULyH Connivhn'tks, V. C. Keikrin'ijii,
Plica coiiiiiveii'ten, JCerkiiii'i/idii vidres. Nume-
rous circular folds in the intestinal canal from the
pyloric orifice through the greater part of the
small intestine. They are folds of the mucous
membrane ; and their chief use appears to bo, to
retard tlie course of the alimentary mass, and to
alford a larger surface fur the origin of chylifcrous
vessels.
ValvuLjK Cordis, Ostiola cordis — v. Cordis
mitrales. Mitral valves — v. Triglochines, Tricus-
pid valves — V. Trisulcue, Tricuspid valves.
VALVULE, Valve — v. d'Enxtache, Eustachian
valve — V. de Pyloie, see Pylorus — v. de Vieiinseus,
Valvula Vieussenii.
VALVULES, V. Upiscopalen, Mitral valves —
V. SlijiiiiiideH ou SeiiiiliiiKiires, Sigmoid valves.
VANDEL'LIA DIFFU'SA. A native of Bra-
zil, Guiana and Isle of France; Order, Scrophu-
lariaccie ; is used there as an antibilious emetic
and antiperiodio ; and is. regarded as an eiSca-
cious remedy in malignant fever and dysentery,
especially in cases connected with a disordered
state of the liver.
VANELLOE, Vanilla.
VAXIL'LA, BiniU'ia, Bnnilas, Timiilloe^, Ba-
nilld, Benzo'enil, Ar'dcus Kroiiiat' iciis, (F.) V(i-
liil/r. Bniiine de Vaiiillc. The VancUoe—Sil' iqiia
viinill'fr seu Bunill'a seu VuniylicB seu vain'lUcB
seu Ar'dci aromot'ici — is a long, flattish pod;
containing, under a wrinkled, brittle shell, a red-
dish-brown pulp, with small, shining, black seeds.
Tlie i)arasilic plant which affords this pod is the
Epiden'driim Vonilln, Vanilla aroinat'ica seu
Jiexivii'na, and other species. Fami/i/, Orchida-
cese. Sex. Sj/at. Gynandria Monandria. Vanel-
loes have an unctuous, aromatic taste, and a fra-
grant smell, like that of some of the finer bal-
sams, heightened with musk. Although chiefly
used as perfumes, they are reputed to possess
aphrodisiac virtues.
A'amixa Auomatica, see Vanilla.
VAI'EURS, Ilyi>ochondriasis, Hysteria.
VAPOR SANGUINIS, (iaz sanguinis.
V.APOKA'PiIUM, Atininte' rial), Lneon'ieuni,
Pii'ria, /'i/riatc'riiim. Vapour bath, from vapor,
'steam.' A useful remedy in rheumatic and cu-
taneous aft'octions; and wlierever it is important
to relax the cutaneous c,i])illaries. In the Rns-
eiaii ]'apour Bath, the vapour is produced by
throwing water over hot stones. Its temperature
is from 122° to 145°.
Vapohauum, Hvpocaustum, see Stove.
VAPORATIO. Evaporation.
VAPORES UTERINI, Hysteria.
VAPOUR, Flatulence — v. Bath, Vaporarium.
VAPOURISH, Hvpochondriac, Hysterical.
VAPOUROUS, Windy.
VAPOURS, Hypochondriasis, Hysteria.
VAPOURY, Hypochondriacal, Hysterical.
VARA, liar re.
VAREC, Kelp — v. VesiculetiX; Fucus vesicu-
losus.
VARENI, Ambulo-flatulentus, Gout (wander-
ing-)
VARICE, Varix.
VARICEL'LA, (diminutive of Variola, Small-
pox,) Em'jMyniH seu Exantlie'ma seu Sj/n'oclms
varicella, Variola lyniphut'ica seu spu'ria soil
sylvea'trift, Variolce iiuIIkb seu Ulegit' iincp. >eu ro-
lat'iccB seu piicellcB, Ptiendo-rariola, yEid'lion,
^ollium, Chicken 2><>-r, (F.) Varicelle, Pflile rerole
vulante, Verolelte, Faiiase variole. A disease
characterized by vesicles scattered over the body,
which are glabrous, transparent, and about tlie
size of peas. They appear in successive crops,
are covered by a thin pellicle, and, about the
third, fourth, or fifth day from their appearance,
burst at the top, and concrete into small, puck-
ered scabs, which rarely leave a pit in the skin.
Three varieties have, sometimes, been designated.
1. The V. letitiformea, or lenticular chicken pox,
which are irregularly circular, and flattened on
the top; the fluid being at first whitish, and af-
terwards straw-coloured. This is the common
chicken pox. 2. The Varicella conifor'niia, Pem'-
phigiiH variolo'den. Variola lyniphat'ica, Ifydrach'-
iii'm, Conoid'al Chicken Pox, Swine I'ox, Water
Pox, Water Jays, in which the vesicles are
generally acuminated, and the fluid pellucid
throughout; and, 3dly, the Varied' la globida'ris
or Hives, in which tlie vesicles are globular and
larger; the fluid being, at first, wliiv-coloured,
and afterwards yellowish. These divisions are,
however, very arbitrary, for they are generally
confounded.
Hornpnx is a papular variety of varicella.
Variola has been, sometimes, mistaken for this
disease, and conversely. A little attention to the
history of the eruption in the two afTections will
prevent error. Varicella is not contagious. At
times, it prevails epidemically. It cannot be
propagated by inoculation. The treatment is
extremely simi)le ; rest, abstinence, and tlie an-
tiphlogistic regimen, being all that is generally
required. See Varioloid.
Varicella Vauioloidka, Varioloid.
VARICELLAR FEVER, see Varioloid.
VARICIFOR'MES PARAS'TATiE. A name
given, by some authors, to the ducts of the epi-
didymis, because they seem knotty and varicose.
VARICOBLEPII'ARON, from varix, varids,
and (iXetpapov, ' eyelid.' A varicose tumour of the
eyelid.
VARICOCE'LE, from rarix, varid^, and «,;>„,
'a tumour;' Oscheoce'le varico'sa, Her'iiia vari-
co'sa, Ramex varico'xiia, Sperniatoce'le, Virsocrle,
A varicose dilatation of the veins of the scrotum
and spermatic cord. This latter varietv of the
disease is more common on the left side than the
right. It appears under the form of a soft,
doughy, unequal, knotty, compressible, and in-
dolent tumour, situate in the course of the cord,
and increasing from below upwards. It is less
when the indiviihial is in the recumbent posture,
and increases when he is erect. It is, ordinarily,
an affection of no moment, and is very common,
requiring merely the use of a priqier suspensory
bandage. It has been advised, iu bad cases, to
VARICOMniALUS
95 6
VASA ABERRANTIA
tie the enlarged vein, hut the operation is not
free from ilanger induced by plik-bitis. Sir A.
Cooper has proposeil the removal of a portion of
the serotum, so as to render the remainder of the
scrotum a natural bandage. This plan has been
found effectual.
VARICOM'PHALUS, from varix, vnncis, and
of(0<jAos, 'the umbilicus.' Varicose tumour of the
uuibilicus; cirsomphalus.
VAR'ICOSE, Var!co\-iifi, (F.) Vanqueux.
From oitn'x, luoicis. Affected with vari.x ; or be-
longing to, or connected with, varix : — as a vari-
CDne vein, a varicose ulcer, that is, one kept up by
varicen.
VARICOSITAS, see Varix — V. Conjunctivae,
Cirsophtlialmia.
VARICO.iITY, see Varix.
VARIC'ULA, Varix jiarva. Diminutive of
tutrix. Also, a varicose swelling of the veins of
the tunica conjunctiva. — M. A. Severinus.
VARI'OLA, Variola'., V. verm, Varioli, Enipy-
e'xiii Variola, Eii2>lilo(/" ia, Chatpe, Pcatis seu
Fc.hrln vari(/lo'»a, jEulec'tlit/ma, Small- Pox, Pox
(N. of Kugland); from v((rii(n, 'spotted,' or from
viri, 'pimples;' (F.) V'triole, Petit Verole, Pi-
cole. A disease, now of somewhat less interest
than before the discovery of vaccination. It is
<if a very contagious nature, and is supposed to
have been introduced into Europe from Asia, at
an early period of the middle ages. It is ciiarac-
terized by fever, with pustules appearing from
the tliird to the fifth day, and suppurating from
the eighth to the tenth, and it possesses all the
distinctive properties of the major exanthemata.
It is cajtalile of being produced by inoculation,
but this iiiociilaled siiiall-pox — Vari'ola inner'ta
— communicates the disease as readily through
the air as the natural small-pox, or that received
without inoculation.
Small-pox is distinguished into two classes,
according to the character of the eruption, the
(lincrete or distinct, and the cotiflnent. 1. In Va-
KIOLA Dischk'ta, Empj/esin variola discreta. Va-
riola diicreta beiiig'tia, VariolcB regulares sen
dinc.retee, Vtntinct Small-])ox, the pustules are
usually of the size of peas; distinct, distended,
and I'ircular : the intervening spaces being red;
the fever inflammatory throughout, and ceasing
when the eruption is complete. 2. In Vahiola
Con'flukns, Empijexiii variola confliieim, Variola;
rftpda' res coii/hiPii'ten. Venie'iilm DivcB liar'harcE,
Veniciden de S<iinte- liarbe. Con fluent Small-pox,
the pustules are confluent, or run together; flac-
cid and irregularly circumscribed ; the interven-
ing spaces being pale, and the accompanying
fever typhoid. In children, diarrhoea, and, in
adults, ptyalism, with swelling of the hands and
feet, generally appear, towards the period of the
eec'oiidary fever, which occurs from the tenth to
the thirteenth day. The fever that precedes and
accompanies the eruption is called the Eruptive
fever. The prognosis is favourable in the dis-
tinct kind, if properly managed. The confluent
is always dangerous, — the unfavourable symp-
toms being — flattening of the pustules, or subsi-
dence of the eruption : the breathing becoming
much obstructed or oppressed ; or marks of in-
flammatory and congestive affections occurring in
the different viscera. The treatment of the dis-
tinct kind is very simple : the antiphlogistic re-
gimen being all that is necessary. The confluent
kind requires the same management as typhus
fever.
When the pimples are confluent in patches, the
patches, being, however, separated by intervals
of unaffected skin : it constitutes the clustered,
coherent, or corymbose variety — Vari'ola corym-
bo'sa.
Variola Amboimknsis, Frnmbecsia — v. Corym-
bosa, see Variola — v. Inserta, Variohi (by iiiocu-
laticm) — V. Lymphutica, Varicella — v. Alitigata,
Varioloid.
Vaiu'olA sine Vari'olis, Vari'olmis Fever.
These terms are applied to cases occasionally ob-
served during the prevalence of variola, in wliich
the constitutional phenomena are present without
the cutaneous eruption.
Variola Spuria, Varicella— v. Vaccina, Vac-
cina— V. Vaccinatorum, Varioloid.
VARIOL^'E, Variola — v. Equiruc, see Crease —
V. lUegitimae, Varicella — v. Modificata\ \'ario-
loid — V. NothaB, Varicella — v. Pucelhe, Varicella
— v. Sylvestris, Varicella — v. Tutoriie, Vaccina
— V. Veraj, Variola— v. Volaticiv, 'Niiricelja.
VARIOLATION, Inoculation (Small-pox.)
VARIOLE, Variola.
VARIOLI, Vari(da.
VARIOLIQFE, Variolous.
VARIOLOID, Varioloid, Varioloi'dei, Vari'.
ola modijica'ta seu mitiija'tct seu vaeeiiialo'riim,
Vuricel'la (of some), Varicel'ln Variohiidca,
from variola, small-pox, and £ii5o{t 'form,' — re-
seml)ling' small-pox. This is, really, small-pox,
modified by previous inoculation or vaccination;
and hence it has been properly called modified
siiiall-jjox. That it is small-pox is proved by the
fact, that matter, taken from a varioloid pustule,
will communicate sinall-pox to one who has never
been vaccinated. It is, almost always, a milder
disease than small-pox ; and this circumstance,
with its shorter duration, exhibits the salutary
effects of previous vaccination or inoculation. It
has appeared epidemically.
Occasionally, when varioloid is epidemic, rar/o-
loid or varicellar fever occurs without the erup-
tion. This is the varicel'lcB nine varicel'li^ of
Mr. Erasmus Wilson, who calls varioloid, vari-
cella.
Varioloid Fkver, see Varioloid.
VARIOLOIS, Varioloid.
VARI'OLOUS, Variolo'sM, (F.) Varioliqne.
Relating or belonging to variola.
VARIQUEUX, Varicose.
VARIX, genitive varicin, Plilehenryn'ma, PJile-
bec'tuitin, Uer'nia seu Ect<i'nia rena'rtim, Aui/iec-
ta'aia veno'sa, Ix'ia, Cirens, Cedma, V((r'ico»e
Vein, (F.) Varice, is considered, by some, to
come from the verb variare, ' to turn,' ' to twist,'
— -on account of the sinuosities of varicose veins.
Dilatation of a vein ; Varicou'itan, Varieo&ily.
Varices are owing to local retardation of the
venous circulation ; and, in some cases, to relaxa-
tion of the parietes of the veins. They are very
common in the superficial veins of the lower
limbs, esiJcCially of pregnant females. The tu-
mour or tumours, formed by varices, are soft,
knotty, unecjual, indolent, and livid; without
pulsation, and yielding readily to the impression
of the finger; but returning as soon as the com-
pression is discontinued. Sometimes, the vein
bursts and gives rise to hemorrhage. The treat-
ment is usually palliative, and consists in exert-
ing a uniform and constant pressure upon the
part, by means of an ajjpropriate bandage. The
radical cure has, also, been obtained by extirpa-
tion, division of the vein, or ligature. The second
course is apt to be followed by phlebitis.
VAROLI, BRIDCJE OF, Pons Varolii.
VARUS, Acne, lonthus, see Entogonyancon
and Kyllosis — v. Mentagra, Sycosis.
VAS, Vessel, Penis — v. Deferens inulieris, Tuba
Fallopiana — v. Urinarium, Ureter.
VASA ABERRAN'tlA. Peculiar ramificn-
tions of the biliary duct in the liver are so called
by E. H. Weber. — Kolliker.
VASCOA AMPLEXICAULIS 9o7
VEIN
Vasa Absorbkntia, Absorbent vessels — v.
AfTerentia, see Afferent and Efferent— v. CapiUa-
ri!i, Capillary vessels— v. Cliylifura seu Cliylolera,
Cliylif'eroiis vessels.
Yasa CiiyLoi'oi-iT'rcA Urimf'era. Blood-
vessels, which, according to Lippi, convey drinks
from the chyliferous vessels to the renal veins.
Vasa Kkkkrentia, see Efferent — v. Exhalan-
ti:i, Exhulant vessels — v. IIydrago;,'a, Lymphatic
vessels — v. Inferentia, see Afferent and Efferent
— V. Lactoa, Chyliferous vessels. Lactiferous ves-
sels— V. Meningea, Meningeal vessels — v. Sedalia,
Jliemorrhoidal vessels — v. Lyniphatica, Lympha-
tic vessels — v. Nutrientia, Vasa vasorum — v. Nu-
tritia, Vasa vasorum — v. Recta, see Rete testis
— V. Resorbentia, Absorbent vessels, Lymphatic
vessels — v. Serosa, see Capillary vessels.
Vasa Vaso'rum, V nHtrit"ia seu nutn'eii'tln.
Small vessels that supply larger. However
iniiinlely a vessel is traced, its parietes will be
found supplied with blood for its nutrition by a
smaller vessel.
Vasa Voiitico'sa, (F.) Vai'snemix tourhiUon-
vSn, Tonrhilliin vancnlaire. The contorted ves-
sels which creep on the choroid coat of the eye;
ciliary veins.
VASCO'A AMPLEXICAU'LTS. A South Af-
rican shrub, A''f^ Ortl. Leguminosa;, the roots of
which taste like liquorice. They are used, in
decoction, in catarrh and phthisis, and are a good
substitute for liquorice.
VASCULA SERPENTINA, see Testicle.
VAS'CULAR, Vnncnlii'ris, Vunrido'suK, Anqei'-
a!, (F.) Viinriildire, from van, vasin, ' a vessel,'
VKOvnlnm, 'a little vessel.' That which belongs
or relates to vessels; — arterial, venous, or Ij'in-
phatic; but generally restricted to blood-vessels
only. Full of vessels. Bichat gave the name
Vaseuhir ni/ntem, Si/ste'ma voho' mm, Haiii'ilaii'-
li'ca, to the blood- vessels, and of this he made
two divisions. L The Arterial sijKfeni, or Synlr'm
of red hhiixl, (F.) S;/nleiiie vanrithn're d inin/
roiirje, which commences with the radicles of the
pulmonary veins; and includes the pulmonary
veins, the left cavities of the heart, and the aorta
with all its ramifications. The blood, in this
system, is distributed to the general capillary
system, where it loses its arterial quality ami be-
comes venous. 2. The Vetioim sf/stem or VaKcii-
lar si/KteiH of black blood. (P.) Sijalime vitseulaire
u sail;/ noir, carries the blood from every part of
the system to the lungs. It takes its origin in
the general capillary system; continues in the
veins, right auricle, and ventricle of the heart
and the pulmonary artery and its branches, and
is finally lost in the capillary system of the lungs.
See Circulation.
Vascular Layer, see Tache emhryoiniaire —
V. Radicals, Radical vessels — v. Substance of the
Kidney, see Kidney — v. System, see Vascular —
V. System, intermciliate. Capillary system — v.
System, peripheral. Capillary system — v. Tumour,
see HaMnorrhois.
VASCULAR'ITY, Vascular' itaK, (F.) VascH-
larite. The state of being vascular, or largely
supplied with vessels.
VASCULUM, Penis, Vessel.
Vas'culum Aber'hans, Appendix to the Epi-
did'i/Diii. A small convoluted duct, of variable
Icnn^th, ircncrnlly connected with the duct of the
epididymis, immediately before the commence-
ment of tlie vas deferens.
V'.l.S'/';.! SArOXER, Cup.
VASTUS. That which is f««< or has a great
extent.
Vastus Externus and Vastus Internus are
two considerable, fleshy masses, which form part
of the Triceps cruris.
VASUM, Vessel.
VATER, AMPULLA OF, (F.) Ampoule de
Valer. An ampulla formed by the orifice of the
pancreatic <iuct in the duodenum.
Vatkh, Corimscles of, Corpuscles, Pacinian.
VATERIA INDICA, see Copal.
VATICINIUM CHIKOMA^■TICUM, Chiro-
mancy.
VAULT, (old F. Voidte,) 'a round or turn;'
from volrere, votutum, ' to turn ;' Foriii.r, Cam'era,
(F.) Vo&te. A name given by anatomists to
several parts which are rounded superiorly ; con-
cave and arched inferiorly, — as the Vault of the
cranium or the upper part of the skull, — the Pa-
latine vault or roof of the mouth, <fec., <tc.
VAUQUELINE, Strychnina.
VliAL TEA. This may be made in the same
manner as beef tea, by u,-ing a pound of fillet of
reid, free from fat and sliced, and a )iint and a
half of boiling water ; and boiling for half an
hour. It may also be made with the same quan-
tity of the fleshy part of a knuckle of veal.
VeCOROIA, Idiotisin.
VECTIS, Lever — v. Elevatorius, Elevator — v.
Triploides, Elevator, triploid.
VECTOR CANAL, Tube, Fallopian.
VEGETAL'ITY, Vci/etol'itas, (F.) Vf<jftalitL
The aggregate of physiological phenomena, which
exist alone in the vegetable, but are common to
both plants and animals. See Aniinality.
VEGETARIAN, see Vegetarianism.
VEGETA'RIANISM. Same etymon as Vege-
tation. A modern term, em|)loyed to designate
the view, that man, for his full mental and cor-
pcu'eal development, ought to subsist on the
direct productions of the vegetable kingdom, and
totally abstain from flesli and blood. An embracer
and practiser of this doctrine is called a- veijetu-
rian.^ ,
VLGE TA TIF, Vegetati ve.
VEGETA'TION, Vcf/eta'tio, 'growing like a
plant,' from vrijeo or vitjeo, 'I flourish.' A mor-
bid production, which rises ns an excrescence on
the valves of the heart, in syphilis, Ac. — as the
Caulillower excrencence, Ac. The term is also
applied to the fleshy granulations or Hiipemar-
coses, which sometimes arise at the surf.iees of
wounds or ulcers.
VEG"ETATIVE, Vcjetati'vuH, (F.) V^j/fatif,
same etymon as the last. Having relation to
growth or nutrition; hence, the retjetatire or nu-
tritive functions.
Vegetative Layer, see Tache emhrijonnuire.
VEtJETATIVUS, Vegetative.
VE'lIICLE, re//iV«/»Hi, Oche'ma, Conntit' uens,
(F.) Vehicule, from vehere, 'to carry.' Anything
which serves to carry; thus air is the rthirle of
sound ; the arteries are the vehlclen of the blood,
Ac. In Pharmacy, the name vehicle is given to
any excii)ient; or to substances which serve as
the media of administration for any medicine.
VEHICULE, Vehicle.
VEILED PUFF, see Cavernous respiration.
VEIN. Vena, diminutive ren'ula,I'hlchs, Phleps,
(F.) Veine. The veins are vessels for the convey-
ance of black blood from every part of the body
to the heart. They are found wherever there are
arteries, and. altogether, form the venous system,
which may be subdivided into two distiisct se-
condary systems. 1. The General venous system,
which commences in all the organs, by very mi-
nute radicles; and terminates in the heart by the
cava and the coronary vein. 2. The Abdominal
VEINS
0 5 8
venous fyntem, which is limited to the abdomin il
cavity; couiinences, also, by a. great number <if
branches, and terminates in the liver by a single
trunk, which subilivides in that organ. It is
called, also, the Si/xlem of the* Veiitt I'oita or the
Pdital Syntem. tjee Porta. The veins form two
sets, one deep-seated. Venae stite/'llteD, V. co)icom'-
itCH, which accompany the arteries ; the other su-
]>erji('ii(l or si(bciit(tiiequ8. Their parietes, which
are thinner than those of the arteries, are com-
jiosed of two coats; the one, external, loose, ex-
tensible, and with parallel, longitudinal fibres —
the p rape r me III bra lie ; the other, the commim or
inner membrane, which is thin, polished, and has
numerous duplicatures or folds forming parabolic
valves. These valves are most numerous in the
veins of the lower extremities. The coats of the
veins are supplied with small arteries or vnsa va-
sdrnin, veins, an<l lymphatics. They have not as
many nervous filaments as the arteries. These
filaments are from the great sympathetic.
TABLE OF THE VEINS.
1. VEINS WHICH FORM THE SUPERIOR VEXA CAVA.
Receives the
1. Basilic, formed of the
■s ^
I 1. Poster
< 2. Anter
( 3. Media
1. Posterior ulnar,
crior ulnar.
Han basilio.
« , ,. , . ,, i 1. Superficial radial.
. Cephalic, forming the| 3. Median cephalic.
'P|= •{ 3. Circiimfiex veins.
' ~ 4. Interior scapular.
" "^ b. Lonir thoracic.
6. Superior thoracic.
7. Acromial veins.
Keoeives the
1. Pterygoid.
2. Spheuo-palatine.
3. Alveolar.
1. Internal maxilla- ■{ 4. Infra-orbilar.
ry, composed of the b. iMental.
6. Inferior dental.
2. Superficial Tempo-
ral, composed of
the
•5-!
7. Deep temporal.
1. Middle temporal.
2. Anterior auriculars.
3. Transverse of the
face.
3. Posterior Auricular. The trunk then takes
the name of External Juijnlar, and in its
cnurs^e along the neck, receives —
4. Cervical cutaneous.
.5. Trachelo-scapular, &c.
\ Keceives
1. Superior Cerebral Veins.
2. Veins of the Corpus Striatum.
3. Veins of the Choroid plexus.
4. Superior Cerebellar Veins.
5. Inferior Cerebellar Veins.
6. Lateral and inferior Cerebral Veins.
f 1. Lachrymal.
I 2. Central of the retina.
3. Infraorbitar.
4. Ciliary.
b. Ethmoidal.
9. Palpebral, and
7. Nasal Veins.
f 1. Palpebral, and
'1 2. Superciliary Vein.s.
3. Dorsals of tlie nose.
8. Facial vein, call- | 4. Superior/ Coronaries
ed angular, near 1 f>. Inferior | of the lip.
the eye,receiviug I fi. Several liuccal and
the I 7. Alasseteric Veins.
1 8. lianine.
I 9. Submental, and
i.10. Inferior Palatine.
9. Lingual and Pharyngeal Veins.
10. Superior thyroid.
11. Ocx!ipital, and
[12. Veins of the Diploe.
2. P.ight Intern.al Mammary Vein.
3. Inferior Thyroid Vein, opening into the Vena Cava,
between the two Subclavians.
. OphtlialmicVein,
composed of the
VELAMENTUM ABDOMLNALE
2. VEINS WHICH FORM THE INFERIOR VENA CAVA.
f 1. Femoral
or Crural,
which is a,
conlinua-
tiou of tlie
2. Popliteal, "]
Receive tlie
1. External
conmuMio-
lliacs.form- ] ing by 3.
ed by tbe-
fl. Severn!
1. External aliil"Miinul
Saphena veins,
and I 2. Circum-
2. Internal < flex lilac,
Saphena. I and
which re- 3. Kxtcr-
ceive — ni\l pudic
4. Vena Azvgos, which receives^ ?/ '"f" BroDdiial.
the (I Intercostal Veins.
1. Right Bronchial,
t'eius.
Seuji-azygos.
2. Internal
Iliacs which
receive
5 ■' the —
S
3. Middle Saoral Vein.
4. Lumbar Veins — four in
number ou each .-Ide,
commencing by an —
veins which
accomiiaiiy
the fibular
arteries, and
receiving
[_the—
', ,r . ,' ,, . f 1. I)orsal veins
1. A esical \ ems. '
commencing with
the
2. Sacro-lateral
Veins.
he ,.,
of the male.
2. Veins of the
clitoris, iu
the female.
5. Spermatic Veins,
commencing with the
1. Alxlominal branch.
2. Dorsal branch.
1. Spermatic plexus in
the male.
2. Those of the Ovarium,
B'allopian tube, &c. in
the female.
1. Splenic Vein.
6. Renal A'eins.
7. Capsular and Adipose Veins.
8. Hepatic Veins.
9. Middle, I
10. Left, and > Hepatic Veins.
I 11. Right J
l_12. Inferior Diaphragmatic Vein.s, two in number.
3. VEINS OF THE HEART.
1. Great right Coronary.
2. Small right Coronary.
3. Left Coronary Veins.
4. VEINS WHICH FORM THE VENA PORTA.
Receives the
1. Veins which correspond to the
vasa brevla.
2. Right and left gastro-epiploic.
3. Duodenal, and
4. Pancreatic veins.
b. Coronary Vein of the Stomach, and
[ 6. Small mesenteric vein.
2. Superior Mesenteric Vein.
Vein, Buonchial, Lkft, see Azygos — v. Dcmi-
azygous, see Azygos — v. Frontal, see Facial vein
— v. Seini-azygous, see Azj'gos (vena) — v. Supe-
rior intercostal, left, see Azygos — v. Tibio-mal-
leolar, Saphena, great — v. Palato-lahial, Facial
vein — V. Peroneo malleolar, Saphena minor — v.
Varicose, Varix.
VEINE, Vein — v. Cove, Cava vena — v. CfpJia-
liqne. Jugular vein, internal — v. Cephah'que dn
police. Cephalic vein of the thumb — r. Cnljilnfe
cntanee, Basilic vein — v. Fessiere, Gluteal vein —
V. de Medine, Dracunculus — v. Parte, Porta vena
— V. PrHomho-thornciqiie, Azygos, (vena) — v.
Pr^pitrate, Facial vein — v. Rndiale ciilanie. Ce-
phalic vein — V. Smm pane, Azygos, vein — v. Tru-
chehi-Honii-c.ntaiiee, Jugular vein, external.
VEfNES ARTEHIELLES, Arterial veins —
V. Ciliairen, Ciliary veins — v. Sonnrlnriires.Suh-
clavian veins— r. Sni-hepatiqueii, Hepatic veins.
VEINEUX. Venous.
VEINS, CORONARY, Cardiac veins— v. Intra-
lobular, Hepatic veins — v. Supra-hepatic, Hepatic
veins.
VEINSTONE. Phlebolite.
VEIN CLE. Vennla.
VEJUCO DE MA VACURE, see Curare.
VELAMEN NATIVU.M, Integument.
VELAMENTA BO.MliYCINA, Villous mem-
branes — V. Cerebrsilia, Meninges — v. Infantis,
Metnbrane.s of the fojtns.
VELAMENTUM ABDOMINALE, Perito-
naeum— V. Corporis commune. Integument — v.
Linguae, fllosso-epiglottic ligament — v. Nativuui,
Integument.
VfiLAR
959
VENOUS
VELAR, ErvHirnuin.
VEI.MCATioX, Tic.
VKLO.SYiN'THESLS, Staphylorrai)]iy.
VELUM, 'a veil, a cover,' Velum pendulum
palati — V. Apophjsi verinifoniii oliteuUlin, Val-
vula Vifussenii — v. Interjcctum cercbelli, Viil-
vula Vieuiisenii — v. Mfdulhire auticuui, Vulvula
Vieussenii.
Vkmim Mkdulla're Inferius, (F.) Voile mi-
diill'iire iii/frieiir. A nauie given, by Reil, to
the inediiliary band or strip, by which the cere-
bellum coniiuuiiic-ate.H witii llie medulla.
Vki.km Mkdulla'rk Poste'khis seu PosTi'cirs
scu Skmiluna'ke, Vdlnu'lu Tdi-i'in. The i^mall
pii.iterior valve of the cerebellum; a thin medul-
lary plate, Kituate between the medulla oblongata
and vi'ni\i.>< inferior, in front of the nodulus.
Vi:i,iiM Palati, Velum pendulum palati — v.
Palaiiiiuin, Velum pendulum palati.
Velum Pen'dulcim Pai,a'ti, ' Pendulous veil
of the palate.' Ve/inn, V. I^ahiti' inim seu Palali
Fell Pin' (liiliim seu St'ij/ln/ll' mini, f'li/ii'liiiii peii'-
diilnm seu iiiolle seu mob' He, Peii'<lii/i(ni seu C/iiiih-
tiiim Pnliiti, Piilatinn Jlolle, Soft P<i/iitc, (F.)
Sfpfiiiii Stiij>hi)lin (Ch.), Voile tin PiiIiiih. A
movable, soft, and broad septum, attac-hed to the
posterior extremity of the palatine arch, and se-
pariiting the mcmth from the jdiaryn-x. Its form
is nearly quadrilateral. Its (oiterior mir/uce cor-
responds to the mouth ; the posterior to the pha-
ryu.K. Its Hiiperior edije is fixed to the palatine
arch ; the inferior is free, fioatinir, and has an ap-
pendix at its middle — the nvitlit. The lateral
margins of the velum are liebl down by two folds,
separated from each other by a triangular space;
these are called the pil/urs ; the anterior passes
to the base of the tongue, the posterior to the
sides of the pharynx. The velum j)alati is formed
of a mucous coat, which contains numerous folli-
cles, and of a muscular stratum, in which are the
peristaphylini interni and p. externi muscles, the
glosso-staphylini, the iiijaryngo-stapliylini and
the p.ilato-staphylinus. The arteries of the veltiiu
paliiti are furnished by the internal maxillary,
the labial and the superior pharyngeal. Its veins
open into the internal jugular. Its nerves are
sent olV from the ganglion of Meckel, and come
from the palatine branches. The glosso-pharyn-
geal nerve, likewise, sends it some filaments.
Vemim Staphylinum, Velum pendulum palati
— V. Vicussenii, Valvula Vieupsenii.
VELVET LE.\F, Abutilon Avicennse, Pareira.
VENA, Vein, Penis— v. .\lba renum, Ureter —
V. Alba thoracis. Thoracic duct — v. Apoplectica,
Jugular vein, internal — v. Arteriosa, Porta vena,
Pulmonary artery — v. Capitis, Cephalic vein — v.
Cava, Cava vena — v. Cubiti interior. Basilic vein
— V. Demiazygos, see Azygos- — v. Falcis cerebri.
Sinus longitudinalis inferior — v. Hemiazyga, see
Azygos — V. Lactea, Porta vena — v. Lienalis,
Splenic vein — v. Magna, Porta vena — v. Medina
Arabum, Dracunculus — v. Medinensis, Dracun-
culus — v. Ostiaria, Porta vena — v. Pari earens,
Azygos, (vena) — v. Portalis, Porta vena —
V. Porta ruin. Porta vena — v. ad Portas, Porta
vena — v. qure ad Portas est, Porta vena — v. Ra-
lualis, Porta vena — v. sine Pari, Azygos, (vena)
^v. Splenica, Splenic vein — v. Steleehiiea. Porta
Venn— V. Subalaris, Vena axillaris — v. Termina-
lis, CircuUis venosus.
VEX/E APOPLECTIC>E, Jugular veins
Cavas hejititis. Hepatic veins — v. Centrales, Intra-
lobular veins — v. Concomites, see Vein — v. Ga-
leui. Choroid, (veins) — v. Innnminata;, see Inno-
ininatum — v. Iiitrnlobuliires, Intralobular veins
V. LactejB, Chyliferous vessels — v. Lymphnti-
CiB. Lymphatic vessels — v. Micantes. (arteries,)
see" Artery— V. Pulsatiles, (arteries,) sec Artery—
v. Satellites, see Vein — v. Soporales, Jugular
veins— V. SphaL'ili<le.s Jugular veins.
VEX^ESECTK), see lilood-letling— v. Rcvul-
soria, see Blooillelling.
VEX^E VORTICO'S/E. The veins wliich ).rin-
cipally form the external or venous layer <>( the
choroid coat of the eye: so called from ibeir )ie-
euliar arrangement; from veilex seu voileu-, "a
whirlpo(d.'
VENAL. Venous.
VEXKFH'IUM. P(,isoning.
VEXEXATIOX, Puison. Poisoning, Venom.
VEX ENA'J'U.S, Venomous.
VlhSKNEVX, Poisonous.
VEX KXO,<E, Venomous.
VKXEXUM, Poi>on. Venom.
VEXE'REAL. Ve„e're„„, ApJirocliHicri,.',. Ve-
ve'renii, (F.) Vt'iierieii, friiui Veiiiig, vriieiig, ' the
goddess of pleasure.' That which relates to the
pleasures of love. In a more restricted sense, the
word venereal — as well as nphroilitic — is synony-
mous with Hijphililir, and also with t:i/pliilis.
Some authors liave proposed that those diseases
should be called venereal which are produced by
excess in venery; and that m/philitic should be
limited to those which are the result of iiii|)ure
connexion. It is, also, used in the same scn.-c as
aphrodisiac, — adapted to excite venereal desire.
Venekeal De.siue, Liliido — v. IJi.-case, Sy-
philis.
VKNERfEN, Venereal. This term. also,
means one labouring under syphilis; as Ilopittd
den rfnerleiiH.
VENERlVAtniS, Libidinous.
VEN'ERY. Same etymon. The pleasures of
love. Sexual communication. Coition.
VENESECTION, see Blood-letting.
VEN IM Ei'X, Venomous.
VENIN, Venom.
VEXOM, Vene'nxim, To.r'iciim, Venenrt'lioii,
(F.) Vcnin. A jioisonous fluid secreted by certain
animals, as the viper, in a state of health, and
which they preserve in a particular reservoir, to
use as a means of attack or defence. It differs,
according to some, from ririin, as the latter is
always the result of a morbid process, wlii(di may
be produced by the individuals who receive it, in
their turn, and be transmitted to others.
Venom, Qi'icke.nino, Sperm — v. Vital, Sperm.
VEN'OMOUS, Venena'luK. Veii'enose, (F.) Ve-
niweiir. An epithet applied to animals wbi(h
have a secretion of venom, as the viper, raltle-
snake, Ac, as well as to the venom itself: and,
by some, to liquids in the animal body, which
have been so perverted by previous disease, that
their contact occasions serious mischief in si-und
individuals ; as ha]ipens in hydrophobia. Virus
is more cummonly used in this case.
VEXOSITAS, Venosity — v. Sanguinis, Pra»-
dominium sanguinis venosi.
VENOS'ITY, VenoK'lton, Ve'noiitneKK, Venous
xtrite or vnchejc'io, MihiiKp'niid, Meltiiio'i>iH riii-
vernn'llx, from renii, 'a vein,' A condition in
which, it has been supposed, the blood is moved
slowly; is more venous : and the venous blood
itself in greater quantity. This state is said to
be chiefly observed in heniorrhoids, gout, hypo-
chondriasis, melanchidia, <tc. — Puchelt.
VEXOUS, Venol, Veno'im, (^.) Veiii'iut.
Same etyition. Appertaining to a vein, or to the
blood of the veins ; as venona cachexia, venous
pulse.
VENors CAriiE.xiA. Venosity — v. Hum. Dmit
de Dliihle — v. State, Venosity — v. Syslcni, se*
Vascular — v. System, ab.lominal. Porta vena.
Venoi-s System ok Jacobsox. A system of
vessels in the three classes of vertebrated ani-
mals other than the mammalia, which forms a
VENOUSNESS
9 0 0 VEXTRIC ULES D U CER VE. 1 U
coniiTinniention between the vena porta anJ the
vciiii cavii.
Vi:XOUSNESS, Venosity.
VEST. Win<l.
VEXTEIl, Abdomen, Belly, Uterus. In law,
venter designates the maternal parentage of ehil-
dren. Thus, if A were B's child by iiis first wife,
he w(>uld be described in law as "by the first
venter." "A died seised, leaving two infant
dani^hters by different veiilem."
Vknteii Imcs, Abdomen, llypogastriuni, Nei-
a>rii — V. Tiiferius, Abdomen — v. Infimus, Abdo-
men—v. Magnus, Ingluvies — v. Medius, Thorax
— V. Parvus, Hypogastrium — v. Pr(i])endens, Hys-
tcroloxia anlerii>r — v. Renum, Pelvis of the kid-
ney— V. Snprenius, Cavum cranii.
VliXTEUX, Windy.
VEXTILA'TION, Ventila'tio, from veiitns,
'wind,' veiitiiliit, 'a little wind.' The act of re-
newing the air of vessels, hospitals, and apart-
ments, or of situations where many people are
collected together. The utility of such renewal
must be evident, when it is considered that atmo-
spheric air loses its oxygen during respiration,
and that carbonic acid supplies its place. Stag-
nant air, also, becomes loaded with numerous
impurities: and hence one of the greatest hyg-
ienic improvements, of modern times, has been a
proper attention to circulation of air. It is,
moreover, one of the most valuable additions
to our stock of therapeutical agencies in many
diseases.
Instruments used for the purpose of renewing
the !\\r, in ships, apartments, <fec., have been
called veiitllatDrs.
VEXrOSITE, Flatulence.
VENTOSITY, Flatulence. ^
VEXTOUSES SCARIFIEES, Cupping with
the scarificator.
VEXTOUSES SECHES, Cupping, dry.
VEXTKAL, from venter, 'the belly.' Abdo-
minal.
Vkntral IIkk'nta, Her'vifi ventra'Hs. Direct
hernia octcurring in any part of the abdomen. It
is most frequently found between the recti mus-
cles.
VENTRALE, 'an apron,' Belt (Russian.)
Vkntkai.S Cuta'neum, ' Cutaneous apron.' (F.)
T'iblier. An elongation of the nymphaj in the
Bosjesinan female, which hangs down before the
vulva like an apron.
VEXTRE, Abdomen — v. In/eriew, Abdomen
— v. RfsiHerre, Constipation.
VENTRE INSPICIENDO DE, see De ventre
inspicicudo.
VEN'TRICLB, Ventrh'ulns, diminutive of
venter, 'belly.' (F.) Ventricule. Literally, a
little bcJI>/. A name given, in anatomy, to vari-
ous {)arts.
Ventricle of Aran'tios. A small cavity,
lined with gray substance, at the point of the
calamus scriptorius.
Ve.ntricles of the Brain, Ventric'idi seu Ca-
vit't'tes seu Sinus Cer'ebri, (F.) Ventriciilea du
cervean, are five cavities in the interior of that
(iro-an, which are distinguished into the lateral
rentrielen, middle ventricle, fourth ventricle or
ventricle of the cerebellum, and ffth ventricle.
The middle ventricle or third ventricle, (F.) Ven-
tricule ninyen du eernenu, is situate in front of the
j.ineal gland. It is bounded, above, by the tela
dioroidea and the fornix ; below, by a portion of
cerebral substance, which separates it from the
base of the cranium; laterall;/, by the thalami
liervorutn opticorum ; niiteriorli/, by a medullary
cord, called the anterior coinniinnure ; and, poste-
riorly, by another medullary cord, called the pon-
terior commii»ure. It communicates with the
lateral ventricles by two openings, sitniitc behind
the anterior jiillar or orus of tlie fornix. The
Latcrid vi'ulriclcH, Ventric'uli Itilera'/ei seu ningni
seu inajo'reH seu jirio'res seu Hujierio'res seu Iri-
cor'ncK. (F.) Ventriculei latiranx, are two in num-
ber. They are large, and, owing to their e<uisi-
derable curvature, occupy a great part of tlie
cerebral centre. They are bounded, nlmre, by
the inferior surface of the corpus callosum ; iniie-
riorly, by the curved portion of the same body;
poKleriorly, by a considerable mass of cerebral
substance; and, internally, they are separated
from each other by the se|)tum of the ventricles,
— a medulbir}' plate, which is given ofl' from tbo
lower part of the corpus callosum. The lateral
ventricles have, in their upper and anterior por-
tion, the Corpora striata, Thalami optici, and
Tallin seniicircidaris : — their inferior portion
contains the corpus Jiinhriatum, cornu Ainiuonis,
<tc. Each of the ventricles has a boily or centre
— cella me'dia — and horns, cornua. The Fourth
ventricle, Venlricnliis cerebelli seu qnartns seu
Aran'tii, Sinus rhoinboi'deus, (F.) Qualrieiiie reii-
triciile, is situate beneath the aqueduct of Sylvius,
by which it communicates with the third ventri-
cle. It extends from this aqueduct to the upper
part of the medulla; and is seated in the sub-
stance of the tuber annulare. The Fifth ventri-
cle, Ventric'iilus septi pellu'cidi, Incisii'ra sejiti,
(F.) Cinquieine ventricule, is the small serous
cavity between the lamina; of the septum hicidum ;
called, also, Sinus of the septum lu'ciduiii, S. if
the median septum (Ch.).
Ventrici.es op the Heart, Ventric'uli cordis,
Speciis cordis, (F.) Ventricules du cwnr, are two
in nuu)ber. The Rii/ht ventricle, Pulinonary ven-
tricle, Ventric'iilus anterior seu primus seu pvl-
mona'lis, (F.) Ventricule droit ou pulmomiire, is
situate at the fore-part of the heart, the base and
apex corresponding to those of the heart. In it
are seen \h<iColiiinncB camece and Cordce tendinece.
The right ventricle communicates with the right
auricle by the Ostium venosum, and from it the
Pulmonary artery arises. Around the auricular
orifice is a tendinous margin or ring, from which
the tricuspid valve is given oft". The use of the
ventricle is to send the blood, by its contraction,
along the pulmonarj' artery to the lungs. The
Left ventricle, Ventric'iilus aor'ticiis seu posterior
seu secundus, (F.) Ventricule yauche ou aortiqiie,
is situate at the posterior and left i)art of the
heart. Its parietes are much thicker and stronger
than those of the right, owing to its having to
send the blood over the whole system. The inner
surface has the same general appearance as that
of the right. The Columned ciirne<r. and Cordm
tendinecB are, however, much stronger. It com-
municates with the left auricle by means of the
Mitral valve; and from it proceeds the largest
blood-vessel of tlie body — the aorta.
Ventricles of the Larynx, Ventrlr'uli seu
Sac'culi laryuije'i, Ventric'idi J/oryiii/ir ii. Sinuses
of the larynx, (F.) Ventricules ou Sinus du larynx,
are two depressions in the larynx, eoui|irised be-
tween the superior and inferior ligaments.
Ventricle, Pulmonary, V. right.
VENTRICULAR, Ventriculn'ris, (F.) Ventri-
culaire. Same etymon as Ventricle. Relating
to a ventricle.
VEXTRICULE, Ventricule.
VEXTRICULE AORTlQUE,\(;niru-\o. left
— V. Cinquieine, Ventricle, fifth — v. Droit, Ven-
tricle, right — V. Gauche, Ventricle, left — v. Moyen
du Cervean, Ventricle, middle, of the brain — v.
Pidmonaire, Ventricle, right — v. Qnatrieme, Ven-
tricle, fourth.
VEXTRICULES I)U CERVEAU, Ventri-
cles of the brain — v. du Ccrur, Ventricles of the
heart — i'. Lateraux, Ventricles, lateral.
VENTRICULI CORDIS
9 01
YERATRUM VIRIDE
VENTRICULI CORDIS, Ventricles of the
hc:irt — V. Biliitiitio, (iiistrectiisis — v. Dissolutio,
Giistro-malacia— V. Durae tnatris, Sinu-ses of the
•dura milter — V. Emollitio, Gastro-malaeia — v.
Exulceratio, Gastrelcosis — v. Fluxus, Gastror-
rha'a — v. Iiiflauiiiiatio, Gastritis — v. Laryngei,
Ventricles of the larynx — v. Laterales, see Ven-
tri(•le^i, lateral, of the hrain — v. Magni, Ventri-
cles, lateral, of the brain — v. Majores, Ventricles,
lateral — v. Metamorphosis gelatiniformis, Gastro-
malaeia — V. iMorgagnii, Ventricles of the larynx
— V. Perforatio, Gastro-brosis — v. Priores, Ven-
tricles, lateral — v. Pseuilophlogosis resolutiva et
coliicinativa, Gastro-inalacia — v. Superiores, Ven-
tricles, lateral — v. Tricornes, Ventricles, lateral
— V. Uloeratio, Gastreleosis.
VENTRICULUS. Stomach, Ventricle— v. An-
terior, Ventricle, right — v. Aorticus, Ventricle,
left — V. Arantii, see Ventricles of the brain.
Ventiiicui.us Callo'sus, 'Callous stomach.'
The yizziiid or third stomach of the gallinaceous
bird. {V.) Geaier. It consists of a double-bellied
or ditjdHtiic muscle ; is lined by a firm cuticle,
and forms a kind of pouch, depending from the
alimentary tube, in which the second stomach
terminates, and from which the duodenum or
Ventriciihis /nicceutniid'tuH issues. In the inte-
rior of the gizzard there are numerous pebbles,
which seem to bo destined to aid in the tritura-
tion of the food. The gizzard is an organ of
mastication, and is possessed of great muscular
power.
Vkntriculus Cbrrbklli, see Ventricles of the
brain — v. Intestinalis, Abomasus — v. Posterior,
Ventricle, left — v. Primus. Ventricle, right — v.
Pulmonalis, Ventricle, right — v. Quartus, see
Ventricles of the brain — v. Secundus, Ventricle,
left — V. Septi Pellueidi, see Ventricles of the
brain — v. Succenturiatus, Duodenum.
VENTItIL 0 Q (fl-J. Engastrimy thos.
VKNTRlLOtniISM, see Engnstrimyth.
VKNTRILOQU 1ST, Engastrimyth.
VENTRILOQUY, see Engastrimyth.
VENTRIOSUS, Abdominous.
VENTRI POTENT, Abdominous.
VENTRO.^ITAS, Physconia.
VENTROriUS, Abdominous.
VLWTS. Flatulence.
VKNTUS, Wind.
VEN'ULA, t'hhbion, diminutive of Vena. See
Vein. (F.) Vpinnle. A small vein. Hippocrates
seems to use it in the same sense as Arteria.
VENUL^E CENTRALES, Intralobular veins
— V. Intralobulares, Intralobular veins.
VENUS, Clitoris, Coition, Cuprum — v. Crystals
of, Cupri subacetas — v. Gnjutuux de, Cupri sub-
acetas.
VER CUCURBlTm. Taenia solium — v. Cu-
tnni. Dracunculus — v. Fihtire, Dracunculus — t).
rfe Giiinec, Dracunculus — v. Ltiis'iiit, Cicindcla —
V. de Medine, Dracunculus — v. Solitaire, Bothrio-
cephalus latus, Taenia solium.
VERATRIA, Veratrina.
VERATRI'NA, Vera'tria, Ver'ntritie ; from
veratnim. A vegetable alkali, found in the seeds
of Vcrn'lriim suhtidil'ln, V. nfficiiin'le, Helo'iiias
offictna'lls, and AmHp-cp'n o/jiciiia'lin, which are
known in commerce under the names CehadlWa,
CevadiU'n, and Sabndill'a, and are imported
from Mexico. They usually occur, in commerce,
mixed wiih the fruit of the plant, are t>yo or three
lines long, of a black colour, and are shining, flat,
shrivelled, winged, and elastic seeds. Veratriiie
is solid, white, pulverulent, and inodorous; of a
very acrid tasto; decomposable by heat; very
soluble in water, and soluble in alcohol. When
prepared in the usual manner, it still contains
other substances,— ^'(f'«"'''V/«. Ver'ntrin, gum
resin of the sabadilla, and black greasy matter.
61
It is extremely poisonous, and but little used
internally in medicine. Magendie gave it as
an emetic and drastic in very small doses. It
has been recommended to be applied in the way
of friction, or endermically, (from gr. v to xx to
3J of lard or cerate,) in various neuralgic affec-
tions. The following is the formula for its pre-
paration in the Pharmacopoeia of the United
States: — Take of ceradi/ia, thij ; alcoh<il, 2 gal-
lons ; sulphuric acid, sulntion of ammonia, pvrified
animal charcoal, and magnesia, each a sufficient
quantity. Boil the cevadilla in a gallon of the
alcohol, in a retort with a receiver attached, for
an hour, and pour off the liquor. To the resi<liie
add another gallon of the alcohol, together with
the portion recently distilled ; again boil for an
hour, and pour off the liquor. Repeat the boiling
a third time with the remaining alcohol, and
with that distilled in the previous operation.
Press the cevadilla, mix and strain the liquors,
and, by means of a water-bath, distil off the alco-
hol. I3oil the residue three or four times in
water acidulated with sulphuric acid, mix and
strain the liquors, and evaporate to the consist-
ence of syrup. Add magnesia in slight excess,
shake the mixture frequently, then express and
wash what remains. Repeat the expression and
washing two or three times, and having dried the
residue, digest it with a gentle heat several times
in alcohol, and strain after each digestion. Distil
off the alcohol from the mixed li(|uor,'*boil the
residue for fifteen minutes in water with a little
sulphuric acid and purified animal chiircoal, and
strain. Having thoroughly washed what remains,
mix the washings with the strained liquor, eva-
porate with a moderate heat to the consistence
of syrup, and then drop in as much solution of
ammonia as may be necessary to precipitate the
veratria. Lastly, separate and dry the preci])i-
tate. See Colchicum autumnale.
VERATR I N E. Veratrina.
Vehathink;, Si'Lphate of, Vera'trice sulphas,
(F.) Sulfate de Veralrine, possesses the same vir-
tues as veratrine. A solution of one grain in two
ounces of distilled water has been suggested as a
substitute for the Eaii mediciiiale d'lliasini — a
celebrated gout remedy — in the dose of f^j to
f^ij.
VERA'TRUM ALBUM, (vere alrum, 'truly
black,' from the colour of the roots [?] ). I/el-
teh'oriis athiis, Ethh'ornm album, EUeborus albus,
Cherbdchem, White hellebore, LaiKjwort, (F.) Hel-
lebore blaiic. Sex. Si/xt. Polygamia Monoecia.
iXat. Ord. MelanthacciB (Lindley). The root or
rhizoma of this common European plant is in-
debted to the veratrine for its properties. It is
inodorous ; has a bitterish, acrid, nauseous taste,
and is violently emetic and purgative, even when
applied to an ulcerated surface. It is, also, pos-
sessed of errhine properties, and acts, externally,
as a stimulant. It is rarely exhibited internally.
Sometimes it is given as a sneezing pmcdcr ; but
it operates with great violence. It forms, also,
an itch ointment. Sec Ung. Veratri.
Veuatrum LL'TEt:M, Chama?lirium luteum.
VeRATRUM SaBADIL'la, Sabadilla, Sabatilla.
Canis Interfec'tor, Cans'ticum America'nnm, Ceva-
dil'la Hispano'rum, Sevadilla, Hor'deum caus'ti-
cnm, (F.) Cevadille. The seeds of this plant,
Sabadilla, Cevadilla (Ph. U. S.). have been used,
mostly as anthelmintics. Dose. gr. ij to a child
four years old. It possesses the same general
properties as the veratrum album.
VEUATRim \ir'\DV.. American Hellebore. Siramp
hellebore, Indian poke, Indian i'ncas, Pid:e weed.
Bear weed. Itch iceed. Tickle weed. Earth gall,
Devilbit, ^Yolfbane, Puppet root, is indigenous in
the swampv districts of almost every part of tho
United States. Its properties are like those of
VEREASCULUM
902
VERONICA
the genus. It has been brought forward, how-
ever, in recent times, in the Southern States, as
H j>owerful sechitivc in iiiflaiuiiialory diseases.
Dose, ci}j;ht drops of a saturated tincture.
VEKUASCULUM, Primula veris.
VERBASCUM ALBUM, V. tiiapsus— v. Ala-
tuni, Y. tliapsus — v. Collinum, V. thapsus — v.
Crassifoliuin, V. thapsus — v. Elongatum, V. thap-
sus— V. Lychnitis, V. thapsus — v. Montanuui, V.
thapsus.
Vbrbas'cum Nigrum, (supposed to be a cor-
ruption from Barhuicum, owing to its hairy coat;
hmbti, ' a beard.') Cmide'la re'c/ia, Thfipsiis bar-
b'l'liin, Taji>iiis barba'tiis, Cdiiilela'rid, L(uin' I'ni,
liluck Mullein; and Verbas'cum Thapsus, V.
thiipsuVdes seu ala'liim seu colli'iinm seu album
seu craisi/o'lium seu elonya'tnin seu h/chiii'tin
seu vi<>iit(('iiiim seu eimplex, Plilof/mns, /'liloiiiim,
Plilo.c, yredt brand-leaved or i/ellow Midlein, Hiijli
Taper, Cow'n Lungwort, (F.) Jluleiie, Bouillon
hlanc, Bonhomme, Cierye de notre dame, Ilerbe
Saint-Fiacre. Ord. Scrophuhiriaceae, Sex. S^st.
Pentandria Monogynia, — especially the latter, —
have been used as euiollients, applied externally
in the form of fomentation. The large leaves
have been chosen for this purpose. Occasionally,
the mucilage which they contain has been ex-
tracted by decoction or infusion, and administered
in pectoral aifections.
Veiebascum Simplex. V. thapsus — v. Thap-
soides. V. thapsus — v. Thapsus, see V. nigrum.
VERBK'NA HAS'TATA, V. panicula'ta, Blue
vervain, Simpler's Joy, an American species, is
more bitter than the European, and said to be
emetic.
Veubr'na Opficina'liS, Verbena, Dicliro'mna,
Yerbenu'va, I'eriite' rium, Hierobut'ane, Ilerba
xacra. Vervain, Pnrvaiu, (Prov.) licrbine, Jnno'n
Tears, (F.) Yerveine, llerbe H tona les maiix ;
Ord. Verbenaccfe. Sex. Si/st. Diandria Monogy-
nia. A plant formerly held sacred ; used in sac-
ritiees, and suspended round the neck as an amu-
let. In the form of cataplasm, it is sai<l to have
relieved obstinate headaches, atid to have been of
service in scrofula. It is not used.
ViMiBKyA Panici'lata, V. hastata.
Vkkbk'na UitTiciFo'LiA, an indigenous spe-
cies, has been used in poisoning from Rbus Toxi-
codendron.
VEKBENACA, Verbena officinalis.
„ VERBESINA ACMELLA, Spilanthus Ac-
mella.
VkrBESi'na Virgin'iCA, Crown Beard. Indi-
genous. Order, Compositfe. A decoction of the
roots is used by the Indians as diaphoretic and
depurative.
VERBUS. Penis.
VJiHC'OQfllN, Phreni'tia vermino'sn. A form
of phrenitis, attributed to the presence of a worm
in the brain !
VEHDET. Cupri subacetas.
VERUIGRIS. Cupri subacetas.
VERENDA, Genital organs.
A'ERETRUM, Penis.
VEIiOE, Penis — v.d'Or, Solidago virgaurea.
VEIiGEnETTE DE PHILADELPHIE,
Eri^eron Philadelphicntn.
VE RGETU RES. \\h\c6s.
VER.JUICE, Om'pha'cium, (F.) Verjua, Verd-
jiin, (verd, 'green,' and Juh, 'juice.') "The juice
of green fruits." A sour kind of grape. Also, an
acid liquor, prepared from very sour grapes or
crab-apples. It is principally used in culinary
preparations; although, occasionally, an ingre-
<lienl in medicinal compounds. See Vitis vini-
lera.
VERJTIS, Verjuice.
VERMES, Worms — v. Cerebri, Choroid plexus.
VERMICELLI, see Turundae Ilalicse.
VEfnrrcrLAIRE nnrJLAXTE, Sedum.
V ERM 1 C U LA R. Vermiform.
VERMICULAR IS. Lunibricali.s, Scdum.
VERMICULI SPERMATICl, Spermatozoa.
VERMIC'ULUM, Vermi/v'ilnm. An elixir; a
tincture. — Ruland and .Joiinson.
VERMICULUS CAPILLARIS, Dracunculus.
VER'MIFORM, Vermic'ular, Vermicula'rit,
Vermifor'mia, (F.) Vermicniaire, Vernii/ornin,
from vermis, 'a worm,' and/oc«(«, 'form.' That
which resembles a worm.
Vekm'iform Pi!oc"esses, Proces'siis sen Pm-
tuberan'ticB seu appen'dices vermifornies, Vermes,
Idontiv'nli cerebel'li, Worms, (F.) Eminences ver-
miformes dn cervclet, are two medullary projec-
tions, at the surface of the cerebellum. The snjie-
rior vermiform process, Vermis superior cerebrlli,
is an elongated projection, at the anterior and
middle part of the superior surface of tlie cerebel-
lum ; — and the inferior vermiform process, Ver-
mis inferior cerebelli, Pijr'amid of Malacorne, is
a somewhat larger projection, situate in the de-
pression at the inferior surface of the same organ.
The inferior vermiform process is usually de-
scribed as consisting of three portions — the pyra-
mid, the jn'i(/n,-and the noduhis. The anterior
portion of the superior vermiform process is ele-
vated, and termed Monde' ulna.
VERMIFUGE, Anthelmintic.
Vermifuge, Mathieu'.s. This consisted of two
distinct electuaries; the one for killing, the other
for expelling tape-worm. The former is m.'ide
of an ounce of tin Jilinys, and six drachms ui fern
root.
VERMIFUGUS, Anthelmintic.
VERMILION, Hydrargyri sulphuretuin ru-
bruni.
VERMILION DE PltOVENCE, Antimonii
sulphuretutn ruhrum.
VERMINATIO, Helminthiasis.
VERMINATION. CUTANEOUS, Malis.
VERM IN E UX, Verminous.
VERM'INOUS, Vennino'sus, (F.) Verminenx.
From vermis, 'a worm.' That which is caused
by worms ; as ' a verminous affection.'
VERMIS, see Vermiform processes — v. Bomby-
cinus, Cornu ammonis — v. Cerebelli, Vermiform
process — v. Cerebri, Fever, Hungary — v. Cucur-
bitinus. Taenia solium — v. Digiti, Paronychia.
VERMITIO, Helminthiasis.
VERNIX CASEO'SA, 'cheesy varnish.' The
fatty varnish, or deposit, often found on the foetus,
which is secreted by the sebaceous follicles of the
skin.
Veunix Sicca, Sandarac.
VERNO'NIA ANTHELMIN'TICA, Ascari'-
cidn anilielmin'tica, Calayirah, Calayeri. A
plant which is indigenous in India. Ord. Compo-
sitaj. Sex. Si/st. Syngenesia Polygamia super-
flua. It has great celebrity in the East Indie.",
and is a bitter tonic; but the seeds are chielly
used as an anthelmintic, in cases of ascarides
and lumbrici in children.
Verno'nia Novebokackn'sis, Iron weed, Flat
lop: an indigenous plant; whose purple flowers
appear in August and September, is reported to
possess cathartic properties.
VEROLE, Syphilis — v. Petite, Variola — v.
Petite rolanfe, Varicella.
VEROLE. Syphilitic.
VE ROLETTE, Varicella.
VEROLfQUE, Syphilitic.
VERONI'CA. V. ojficina'lis seu Tonrnefor'tii
seu mas, Tliea German'ica, Beton'icn Panii, Cha-
inat'drfis, Male Veronica, FInellin, Officinal
Sj/eedwell, Ei/ebriyht. Paul's lietony, (F.) IVioiii'-
qiie, The d' Europe, Hcrbe mix ladrci. Ord. Siro-
v£:ronique
9G3
VERTEBRAL
pTiulnriaceae. ,S'ex. Syit. Diiindria Monogynia.
Tliis plant was oiic-e used as a pectoral.
Vkhonica Aquatica, V. beccabunga.
VkUONICA Bkcoabdn'ca, lievcdhniuja, AnarjaV-
ViH seu venmi'cH oqiiut'ica. Lover Germttu'icum,
C'rpm'a, Water Pim'pemtl, Broolclime, Brooh-
liiiie Hpeedvjcll, Wuter ^'peediueU, Neckweed,
Wnter I'unilttin, (Sc.) Water-purpiv, (F.) V^roni-
ijKC crcsHoiife. This plant was formerly used in
11 variety of diseases. It is, however, almost in-
si[iid and inodorous; and Las been long banished
fioui practice.
Vkkonica Mas, Veronica — v. Officinalis, Ve-
riitiioii.
Vkiuin'ica Peukgri'na, Neel-weed, Purdain,
Sjieedtce/l ; indigenous; flowering from April to
June, is given internally in scrofulosis, and is
applied as a wash to scrofulous tumours.
Vkkoniua I'riii'iiUKA, Betonica oflicinalis — v.
Tournefbrtii, Veronica — v. Virginica, Le[)tandra
Virgin ica.
VERONIQUE, Veronica — v. C/essoxee, Vero-
nica beccabunga.
VIJ/iPA, Penis.
Vh'IiRE, Vitrum — v. d'Anttmoine, Antimonii
vitnitu.
VERRU'CA, diminutive Verru'cuhx, Ecpliy'ma
verruca, FIn/iiinto'sis verruco'sa, a Wart, (Prov.)
]Vret, (F.) Verrue, Poirenii. A small, hard, ma-
niilhiry tumour, which form? at the surface of the
siun, and particularly on that of the hands and
f.'ice. Warts are generally rugous at the surface,
and broad at the base ; their roots being implanted
ill the derma by whitish filaments, which are
dense, semifibrous, and very numerous.
Warts may be destroyed by caustic, or removed
by excision. Their vitality is, generallj', not great.
VKitiiucA Car.nosa, Condyloma — v. Formiea-
riii, Formica — v. Minor, Thymion — v. Palpebra-
Mim, see Hydatid — v. Pensilis, Acrochordon — v.
Uhliyoiilea, Thvmion.
VERRUCARIA, Calendula officinalis, Helio-
tropium Huropu'um.
VERRUCOSE, Warty.
VERRUCOUS, Warty.
VERRUCULA, Verruca.
VERRUE, Verruca.
VERS, Worms.
VERSE-CHARMS, see Charm.
VERSIO, Turning — V. Fa-tfls, Turning — v.
Spiintaneii, Evolution, spontaneous — v. Uteri,
llystcrolo.xia.
VERSION, Turning.
VERT-DE-GRIS, Cupri subacetas.
VERTEBRA DENTATA, A.\is— v. Dorsi
Prima, Lojihia — v. Lumborum Prima, Asphal-
lites — v. Magna, Sacrum.
VER'TEBRiE, Spoit'dyli, Spondles, Whetle-
hdiics, (F.) Vertehres ; from vertere, 'to turn.'
This name has been given to the bones, which
by their union form the vertebral or spinal
ccihiinn. The vertebrte are short, thick, very
angular bones ; twenty-four in number, and situ-
iitc line above another. The body — antrum, of
Owen— of the vertebra is the middle and anterior
purlii.n. Above and below it is articulated, by
means of a fibro-cartilage, with the contiguous
vcrlebriM. The Procntxes, (F.) Musses apophy-
snirt-B, of each vertebra are: — 1. The sphious pro-
crxH. situate behind, and in the median line.
2. The two Iraifrerne proresses, standing off from
each side. i'.. The/""/- artioilnr, or ohUqite pro-
rrnnes xi/i/apopliyies, of Owen — two superior,
and (wo inferior — which serve to unite the verte-
bra) with each other. These transverse and arti-
<Milati!i" processes are made continuous with the
hileral 7md posterior parts of the body of the vor-
tebrn by narrow bony portions or pedicles, ou
each of which are notches. These, by their
union with similar notches in the contiguous ver-
tebra, form the lateral foramina, (F.) Trous de
covjtKjaison, through which the spinal nerves
leave the vertebral canal. The diflerent pro-
cesses are united with each other, so as to form
a kind of rituj of the lateral and posterior parts
of the vertebra; and the foramen, within this, —
that is, between the body and processes, /orf(';/ien
vertebra'le, rrichid'iiim, — concurs in forming the
vertebral canal. The areh or lamina of a verte-
bra, neurnjxiph'ysis, is the part from which the
several processes project. The vertebra; have
particular characters, according to the regions
they occupy. They are divided into seven eerci-
cul, twelve domal, and five lumbar. The first
cervical is called atlas ; the second, ao'is or verte-
bra dentata ; and the seventh, vertebra proertii-
iiens. The vertebrae are articulated with each
other. Those of the back are joined, moreover,
to the ribs by their articulating surfaces — para-
p'lphyses. The first or atlas is articulated with
the occipital bone; and the last lumbar vertebra
with the sacrum. The cervical vertebrae are de-
veloped by nine points of ossification ; the dorsal
and lumbar by eight.
VER'TEBKAL, Vertebra'lis. That which re-
gies or belongs to the vertebrae.
Vkktkbral AliTERY, Ponterior cerebral artery,
(Ch.), is the largest of the branches of the sub-
clavian. It arises from the posterior part of that
vessel; is lodged in a canal, (F.) Petit cmial ver-
tebral, formed by the foramina in the transverse
processes; enters the cranium, and proceeds to
anastomose with its fellow of the opposite side,
and to form the Basilary artery. I5esides the
branches sent to the neck, the vertebral artery
gives off the anterior and posterior spinal arteries,
and the inferior cerebellous, in the cavity of the
cranium.
Vertebral Column, liachis, Rhachis, Notos,
Acnes'tis, Cari'na, C. hom'inis, Sjiina, S. dorsi
seu vertebra'lis, Colitm'na spina'lis seu verte-
bra'lis seu dorsi. Dorsum, Tergnm, Compa'ges
Vertehra'rvni, Aean'tha, S((cra fn'tnhi, Hi' era Sy-
rinx, Spine, Back bone, (Sc.) Buekxprent, (F.) t'o-
lonne vertebrale, Epine (lit dos, Eehine. A kind
of bony column, situate at the posterior and cen-
tral part of the trunk ; extending from the head
to the sacrum; flexible in every direction, yet
very solid and hollowed by a canal called verte-
bral, which gives it lightness without diminishing
its strength, and runs through its whole length.
The vertebral column is formed by the superpo-
sition of the vertebras. It represents a pyramid,
whose base is below. Anteriorly, it is convex in
the neck; concave in the back, and convex, again,
in the loins. Behind, the curvatures are of course
the reverse of these. There is also, in the dorsal
region, a lateral curvature, the concavity of which
is towards the left side. Considered as a whole,
the vertebral column has an anterior or prespinal
surface; a posterior or spinal ; two lateral ; a
base ; and an ape.r or top. In the nomenclature
of Chaussier, the anterior surface, in the neck, is
called trachelian ; in the hwcV, predorsal ; and
in the loins, prelnmbar, The dorsal surface has,
at its middle, the spinous processes; and, at its
sides, the vertebral i/irtlers, (F.) Goiiltieres verte-
brales, formed by the succession of the vertebral
plates, (F.) Lames vertebrales, which, by their
junction, constitute the spinous processes. These
are filled by the sacro-spiiialis muscle. The >ides
or lateral surfaces present the foramina re^olting
from the union of the vertebral notches, (F.)
Echancrures vertebrales. These lire called verte-
bral foramina, (¥.) Trous de eonjuijaison, and
give passage to the vertebral nerves. The base
VERTEBRATED
9G4
VESICAL
of the vertebral column is oblique, to unite with
the sacrum ; and forms with it an angle, called
sncro-vertebrnl angle or promontori/. The apex
or top of the vertebral column is articulated with
the occipital bone. Sometimes, the term verte-
bral column includes the whole of the column
from the occipital bone to the extremity of the
coccyx. The Vertebral or Spiiuil or Itachid'ian
Canal, Sclen, Oann'lis nieilu/lcB Spina' lis, &'pec}t8
jiro medull'a Spina'li sea vertebra'lis, exists
through the whole of the vertebral column, whose
curvatures it follows. It is continuous, above,
with the cranium ; below, with the sacral canal,
if we consider the vertebrje to terminate at the
sacrum. It is lined by a prolongation of the me-
ninges, forming the Theca vertebra'lie, and lodges
the spinal marrow.
The vertebral column, which unites lightness
with solidity, serves to support the head and
chest. It is the seat of all tlie movements of the
trunk, the weight of which it transmits to the
pelvis. It lodges and protects the spinal marrow,
and gives passage to the vertebral nerves, and to
numerous vessels.
Vertebral Disease, Rachial'gia (of some,)
Caries of the Ver'tebra, Spnndylarthroc' aee, Spon-
djjloe'ace, Kypho'sis injlaiiunato'ria seu para-
h/t'ica, Gibbos'itas cario'sa, Ca'ries vertebra'-
riiiti, Spondylal'yia, Spondj/lopyn'nis, Ttihercidu'sis
Vertebra' rum. The spinal column is liable to
distortion, (see ITump.) at times, without the ver-
tebrae being much, if at all, diseased. At other
times, a more formidable atfection is induced ; the
vertebroe becoming carious, and the interverte-
bral cartilages ulcerated; followed liy a more or
less complete loss of power over the lower extre-
mities. In such case, on examining the s|)ine,
one or more of the spinous processes is found to
project beyond tiie rest. The disease was first
well described by Mr. Percival Pott; and, hence,
it has been called, by the French, 3Ialadie de
Pott, Malum seu Gibhus Pot'tii, Pott's disease or
ciirrature. It usually occurs in scrofulous sub-
jects, and the treatment consists in establishing
a counter-irritation by blisters, issues, or the
inoxa, opposite the transverse processes of the
diseased vertebrae. The sore must be suffered to
remain open and the patient kept in the horizon-
tal posture until the use of the limbs is recovered ;
employing tonics, the free admission of fresh air,
Ac, at the same time.
Vertebral Lig'aments, (F.) Lirjamenfa ver-
iebrnux, Siirtoiits lifjameiifeiix de la colonne ver-
tebrate, are distinguished into anterior and jios-
terior. They consist of long, ligamentous cover-
ings ; the anterior occupying the anterior part
of the vertebral column ; and the posterior seem-
ing to arise from the occipito-axoid ligament, and
seated behind the bodies of the vertebra, from
the axis to the sacrum.
Vertebral Nerve, Trisplanchnic.
Vertebral Nerves, Spinal Nerves, (F.) Ner/s
rachidiens, spring successively from the spinal
marrow ; from its origin to its termination. These
nerves — 30 pairs in all — arise by two roots ; one
anterior, from the anterior or an'tero-lat'eral
column of the spinal marrow, and the other pos-
terior, from the j^^'sterior or p>'>s'tero-lat'eral co-
lumn, and afterwards issue by the vertebral and
.sacral foramina. Each of these roots seems to
have a distinct function ; the posterior being des-
tined to convey sensation to parts ; the anterior,
motion. On the posterior root, before its junction
with the anterior, there is a ganglion. Of the 30
pairs, 7 are cervical nerves, 12 dorsal, 5 lumbar,
and 6 sacral. See Nerves.
VER'TEBRATED, Vertebra'tua, (F.) Vertibri.
Provided with vertebrae.
VEPTKBUES, Vertebrre.
VKIITEIUIODYMIA, see Somntodymia.
VERTKliKO-ILIAC LIGAMENT, Iloo-lum-
bar ligament.
VERTEX, Cor'yphe, Acrori'a, Spnn'dylus.
The top or highest i)nrt or crown of the head.
(Sc.) Cantel, A'oir, Pallat, Palad. See Sinciput.
Vertex Coimis, ftlucro Cordis — v. Cubili,
Olecranon — v. Palpitans, Fontanella.
VERTIBULUM, Trepan.
VERTICULA, Articulation.
VERTICULUM, Articulation.
VERTICULUS, Articulation.
VEliTlGE,Yert\go.
VERT1G"IN0US, Vertirjino'sus, (Old Eng.
and Prov.) Totty, (F.) Verti;/ineux. Relating or
pertaining to vertigo; Giddy, Dizzy.
VERTI'GO, from vertere, 'to turn;' Dlnos,
Ilin'yos, Cijius seu Hallucina'tio seu Autid'rjia
vertiyo, Circunirjyra'tio, Gid'dlncss, Diz'ziufss,
Swimnring of the head, (Prov.) Sicee, Swinnyinri,
(F.) Vertige, Etourdissement. A state in which
it seems that all objects are turning round ; or
that the individual himself is performing a move-
ment of gyration. Two varieties have been de-
signated ; — simple vertigo, where the objects are
seen; and scotodynia, in which the sight is ob-
scured, and the individual often falls. Vertigo
is dependent upon the condition of the brain;
and often announces an attack of apoplexy or
epilepsy.
Vertigo Tenebricosa, Scotodynia.
VERUGAS (S.), from verruca. A peculiar
disease affecting certain localities of Peru, which
manifests itself by sore-throat, pains in the bones,
and other felirile symptoms. In the course of a
few days, an eruption of red pimples or boile ap-
pears. These sometimes increase in magnitude
till they become nearly as large as an egg, and
discharge blood copiously. It is ascribed to the
water of certain springs in the valleys, and espe-
cially in that of Surea : called Agua de Veruga.
— Tschudi.
VERU MONTANUM, Gallinaginis caput.
VERVAIN, Verbena officinalis— v. Blue, Ver-
bena hastata.
VERVEINE, Verbena officinalis.
VESA'NIA, Vesa'ni(p., 'madness.' Derange-
ment of the intellectual and moral faculties, with-
out couia or fever. Many nosologists have used
this as a generic term ; under which they have
included the different species of mental alienation,
hypochondriasis, somnambulism, and even hydro-
phobia. See Nosology.
Vesania Mania, Mania.
Vesani^e, Insanity.
VESICA BILIAlilA, Gall-bladder— v. Cordis,
see Pericardium — v. Fellca, Gall-bladder— v. In-
testinalis, Vesicula umbilicalis — v. Prostatica, see
Ejaculatory ducts — v. Saccata, Cystostenocho-
ria — v. Urinaria, Urinary bladder.
Vesicae Ii;ritabilitas, Cysterethismus — v.
Unguinosae tetidinum, Bursae mucosae.
VES'ICAL, Vesica'lis, ivoxn vesica, 'the blad-
der.' That which belongs or relates to the blad-
der.
Vesical Arteries vary in number and origin.
The umbilical artery always sends off two or
three: the middle hemorrhoidal, internal j)udic,
and obturator furnish others, which ramify and
anastomose in the parietes of the bladder; the
hypogastric furnishes one which is somewliat
larger, the Vesica-prostatic (Ch.), and proceeds
to the baa-fond of the bladder, sending numerous
ramifications to it as well as to the surrounding
parts.
Vesical Ganglia, see Spermatic Ganglion —
VESICARIUM
965
VESTIBULE
y. Ligaments, see Urinary bladder— v. Oxyd,
Oxyd, cystic— V. Triangle, see Urinary bladder.
Vksicai. Vkins, much more numerous than the
arteries, open into the hvpognsiric plexus
Vkskmnt, Blister, Epispastic.
yiiSICAKIUM, Ovi.rium.
VESIOA'TION, Vetica'iio; from vegicn, 'a
bladder.' The action of a vesicant. The forma-
tion of blisters.
VESICATOIRE, Blister — «. J/«^,V,ai, Ma-
gistral.
VESrCATORIUM, Blister.
VE.SICLK, Vesicula— V. Allantoid, Allantois—
V. Blastodermic, see Molecule — v. Cowpox, see
Vaeciiiation.
Vk.siclb ok Development, V. of Evolution. A
vesicle or cyst concerned in histogeuy.
Vesicle of Evolution, V. of Development —
V. Germinal, see Molecule — v. Purkinjean, see
Molecule — v. Umbilical, Vesicula umbilicalis.
VESICLES, ASCHERSO'NIAN. When fluid
fat and fluid albumen are shaken together, the
resultinj; fat globules become surrounded by an
albuminous layer. The vesicles, thus formed, are
called after Ascherson, their discoverer.
Vesicles op dr Guaap, Folliculi Graafiani —
V. Seminal, Vcsiculae seminales.
VESICOCE'LE. Badly compounded for Cys-
tocele.
VES'ICO-U'TERTNE, Vesi'eo-nteri'uua, from
veaicit, 'the bladder,' and 'uterus.' Appertaining,
or relating to, the bladder and uterus.
Vesico-uterine Folps, see Uterus.
V E S ' I C 0 -V A ft " I N A L, Ve^i'co-vnginn'lis^
V«fj"ino-vca'{caL Relating to the bladder and
the vagina; as veaico-vuyinal Jinlula.
VESICULA, Cystiux, Vee'ule, Blister, (F.)
V^Kicnh ; diminutive of vesica, 'a bladder.' A
small bladder or cyst.
Vesicula, Ves'icle, Ecphly'sis, Cystiiix, in pa-
thology, means a small orbicular elevation of the
cuticle containing lymph, which is sometimes
clear and colourless, but often opake and whitish
or jiearl-coloured. It is succeeded, either by a
Ecurf, or by a laminated scab.
Vesicula iENicMATOsA, Vesicula umbilicalis
— V. Alba, Vesicula umbilicalis — v. Bills, Gall-
bladder— V. Blastodermatica, see Molecule — v.
Blastodermica, see Molecule — v. Chyli, llecepta-
culum chyli — v. Erythroidea, Erythroid vesicle
— v. Fellis, Gall-bladder — v. Gangraenescens, see
Anthrax — v. Germinaliva, see Molecule — v. Om-
phalo-inesenterica, Vesicula umbilicalis — v. Ova.-
lis, Vesicula umbilicalis — v. Prolifera, see Mole-
cule— V. Prostatica, see Ejacuhitory ducts.
Vesic'ula Usibilica'lis, F. a^irt scu om'phnlo-
nieseiiter'ica seu (p.nitjmuto'sn seu ovu'lis, Vesi'cn
iiitfstiiialis, Vitellic'uhis, Umhil'icnl or Intestinal
Vesicle, Vit'elline Pouch, Vitell'icle. A small,
pyriform, round, or spheroidal sac, which, about
tlie fifteenth or twentieth day after fecundation,
is of the size of a common pea, and probably ac-
quires its greatest dimensions in the course of the
third or fourth week. After the seventh week, it
becomes shrivelled and disappears insensibly. It
seems to be situate between the chorion and am-
nion, and is commonly adherent either to the
outer surface of the amnion, or to the inner sur-
face of the chorion, but at times is loose between
them. The vitelline ped'irle, which attaches the
vesicle to the embryo, is continuous with the intes-
tinal canal : and, up to twenty or thirty days of
embryonic life, is hollow, — Ductus om'phalo-me-
senter'iciis seu vitello-intestina'lia seu vitclla'rius,
vitelline Duct. Its arteries are the omphalo-me-
pcnteric. The vitelline flnifl, contained in the
vesicle in the Vitelline or Volh- membrane — has
been couiparoJ, from analogy, to the vitellus or
T/oll: of birds; and, like it, is an oleaginous .sub-
stance, and presumed to be inservient to the nu-
trition of the embryo.
VESICULA constitute the 6th order of Bate-
man's classification of Cutaneous Diseases.
VESicuLyf;, see Villous membranes — v. Divao
Barbarse, Variola confluens — v. Gingivaruni.
Aphthie — v. Pulmonales, see Cellule — v. Rotundas
cervicis uteri, Nabothi glandulae — v. Sanguinis,
Globules of the blood — v. Seminales muliirum,
Nabothi glandulae — v. SpermaticsD, Vesicula}
seminales.
Vesicula Semina'les, F. Semina'ria seu «;)«•-
mnt'icm, Cnp'sulce semina'les, Conceptac'ula semi-
naria, Gonccys' tides, Stm'inal ves'icles, (F.) Vesi-
cules seminales, Gardouches, Greniers, are two
small membranous sacs, which serve as reservoirs
for the sperm, and probably secrete a fluid to be
mixed with the sperm. They are situate beneath
the bladder, and above the rectum, behind the
prostate and to the outer side of the vasa defe-
rentia. They are of an irregular conoidal shape;
flattened from above to below ; embossed on their
surface, and of a grayish tint. Their posterior
extremity or fundus terminates by a round cul-de-
sac. Their anterior extremity or neck is narrow
and elongated, and is continuous with the excre-
tory duct of the vesicula. This duct joins the
vas deferens, and forms with it the ejaculatory
duct. The interior of the vesiculae exhibits seve-
ral cells, which communicate with each other, and
are lined by a very thin, mui^ous membrane.
VESICULAR, Vesicula'ris, (F.) Vesiculaire.
Of or belonging to a vesicle : — full of or contain-
ing small vesicles or cells. The cortical or gray
matter of the brain is sometimes termed vesicular.
See Cortex cerebri /ind Neurine.
VESICULE, Ycs\cmU—v. BiUnire, Gall-blad-
der— V. clu Fiel, Gall-bladder — v. Gemiinatire,
see Molecule — v. Oculifire, see Folliculi Graa-
fiani.
VESICULES DE (7/?.4ylF, Folliculi Graafiani
— V. de Sainte Barhe, Variola confluens — v. Semi-
nales, Vesiculic seminales.
VESICULO-TYMPANIT'IC, Vesic'ulo-fym-
panit'icus. An epithet for a sound or resonance
heard on percussion, which consists of the vesi-
cular and tympanitic sounds combined. It occurs
when the parenchyma of the lungs is incompletely
solidified. — Flint.
VESPA, Wasp.
VESSEL, Vas, Vasutn, diminutive Vasculum,
Angei'on, Anc/os, Conceptac' nlum, from (L.) vas,
vasculum, (F.) Vaisseau. A canal, more or less
elastic, formed by the superposition of mem-
branes, and distinguished, according to its uses
and general arrangement, into Artery, Vein, and
Lymphatic. See, also. Vascular.
VE.SSEL 0 UP, Lyeoperdon.
VESSIE, Urinary bladder — v. d Colonnes, see
Urinary bladder — v. Col <le la, Collum vesica.
VESSIE NATATO/RE, Air-bladder.
VESTIBULAR NERVE, see Auditory nerve.
VES'TIBULE, Vestih'ulum, from vestio, 'to
cover.' The porch or entrance to a house.
Vestibule. Vextib'nlnm, V. Var/i'ncB, Frona'us,
Atrium Vagi'ncB, Amb'itus genita'lis mulie'bris,
is a smooth cavity between the perinteum and
nymphas in the female, which leads to two pas-
sages — to the urethra above, and to the vagina
below.
Ves'tibule op the Ear, Vestib'ulnm, V. laby-
rin'thi, (F.) Vestibule. A cavity of an irregular
shape, which forms part of the labyrinth or in-
ternal ear. The vestibule is situate on the inner
side of the tympanum : on the outer side of the
meatus auditorius intcrnus; before the semicircu-
lar cauals, aud bchiud the cochlea. It is lined
VESTTBULUM LABYRINTIII 90C
VIC-LE-COMPTE
liy a particular membrane, and contains the liquor
of Cotunnius ami branches of the auditory nerve.
There is also another membrane, constituting the
iiivtn'hi<ntoii8 vestibule, but it is not an exact imi-
tiitii'ii of the osseous cavity. It is composed of
two liistinct sacs, which open into each other —
the KMc'ciiliis veslib'iili, and the sncoiliis. There
ari' three contiguous cfiviVi'es in the vestibule ; one
of which, the senfi-avnl, is situate above; another,
the liciiiixphencol, below ; and the third, or sidei-
Jonn, which is the orifice of the aquaeductus ves-
tibuli, behind.
VESTIBULUM LABYRINTIII, Vestibule of
the ear — v. Vaginaj, Vestibule.
VESTIGE (F.) Vest!(j"ium, 'a vestige,' 'a
trace.' A kind of fracture of flat bones, consist-
ing of a simple incision having the mark of the
instrument that caused it. The term is also ap-
plied to a part of the body, which may have no
evident use in man, and yet may he greatly em-
ployed in animals. For example, the muscles of
the external ear in man are almost devoid of use,
or are ivs/Ziyes of what they are in certain animals.
VESTIGIUM, Sole, 'Vesinje — y. Foraminis
ovalis, Ovalis fossa — v. Pedis, Metatarsus.
VESTI'TUS, Esthe'mn, Exthe'ms, Jiea vestia'-
ria, Clothhu/, Drens, Vesture, (P.) Vetement, from
resti're, veslitiim, ' to clothe.' Any substance used
for the purpose of covering nakedness, or pre-
serving from atmospheric temperature by being
worn on the body. The best clothing in winter
is composed of articles that are bad conductors
of caloric, and do not admit of ready evaporation
(if the matter of perspiration. In this respect,
woollen vestments deserve the first place, and
cottcm the second. Colour has likewise to be re-
garded— -the darkest hues transmitting the heat
most readily through them. It has been found that
the same rule applies to odours — the darker co-
lours retaining a greater amount of odorous par-
ticles than the lighter. Hence the necessity of
white walls, white bed-clothes, <fec., in the wards
of hosjjituls; for it is probable thaf the like law
applies to contagious miasms.
VESTURE, Vestitus.
VETA, Puna.
VETEMENT, Vestitus.
VETERANA, Rubeola.
VETERINARIUS, see Hippiater and Veteri-
nary.
VET'ERINARY, Veterinn'n'us, (P.) Veteri-
jinire, from veteriiius, 'that which bears burdens ;'
itself, perhaps, from vehiterinus, from vehere, 'to
carry.' That which appertains to beasts of bur-
den : hence, veterinary surcjeon, (see Farrier,)
veteriunnj ciiUeye, and veteriuori/ medicine.
Veterinary Anatomy, see Anatomy.
Veterinary Art, jlrsseu illedici'na veferinn'-
ria, Zooi'nsis, Zoiatri'n, Tlieriat'ricn, llulomedi-
ci'iia, Zootherapi' a, Zobtherapeu'tice, Ars zoiat'-
rica, Far'riery. The art of treating the diseases,
kc, of cattle.
VETERNOSITAS, Coma vigil.
VETERNUS, Coma vigil.
VETIVERIA ODORATA. Andropogon mu-
ricatus.
VETTONICA, Betonica oflBcinalis.
VETULA, Sacrum.
VEXILLA TUBARUM FALLOPII, see Tube,
Fallopian.
VEXILLUM, Drapeau.
VIA, Way — v. Curandi, Ratio medendi — v.
Stomachi et ventris, CEsophagus.
VIABILITY, see Viable.
VI'ABLE, Viab'ilis, from ^>ia, ' way ;' or from
(P.) rie, 'life,' (Orfila.) A word, which may be
introduced with great advantage from the French
into our language. It is an epithet applied to a
fuetus whose organs are properly formed, and so
developed as to permit its continued existenop.
Every fcctus is not viable. Ancnccphnli have
lived ten or twelve days, yet they are not viahle.
The older the foetus, the more viable is it. It is
an idle prejudice that n child, born at the end of
eight months, is less likely to live than one born
at the end of seven. The signs of viubiliiy are
drawn from the weight, length, external confor-
mation, <te., of the foetus. It may be laid down
I as a general rule, that no f(jctus born before the
end of the seventh month is vial)le.
VliE CHYLIFERiE, Chylifer^us vessels.
\lJE, Clandks'tin^, Cliindesllne J'unxiif/es.
Supposititious secret ways or passages or ' royal
roads,' to account for the ra])id transmission of
substances taken into the stomach to the kidneys
or bladder.
ViyE ExTRAonniNAiii.?! Lactis, Galactoplania
— v. Lacryinales, Lachrymal passages — v. I'liina',
Ways, digestive — v. Secundap, Ways, second.
VIAL. Phiala.
Vf ANDES FAISANDEES, see Ilyposnprus.
VIBI'CES. Mul'opes, Stria, (F.) Ver(j,lur,«,
'Stripes.' Large purple spots, like the marks
produced by the strokes of a whip, which appear
under the skin in certain malignant fevers. They
are unfavourable indications, as they denote great
prostration.
VIBRAMEN, Oscillation.
VIBRANS, Vibratory.
VIllRATlLE, Vibratorv.
VIBRATIL'ITY, Vibrati/'ilns, (F.) Vibrn.
tilite, from vibrnre, vibratuM, ' to quiver.' Cajia-
bility of being thrown into vibration.
VIBRATIO, Oscillation— v. Cardiaca, Palpita-
tion ^ — V. Cordis, Palpitation.
VIBRATION, PECTORAL, see Fremitus— v.
Tactile, see Fremitus — v. Tussive, see Tussive.
VIBRATIONS OF SOUND, see Sound.
VIBRATOR, Deferens vas.
VI'BRATORY, Vibrans, Vi'brative, (F.) 17-
bratile, Vibratuire. An epithet applied to the
pain that accompanies some neuralgiae, which
seems to the patient to vibrate among the nerves.
ViBRAToiiY Motion, see Cilia.
VIBRATUS, Oscillation.
VIB'RIO : from vibrare, 'to quiver.' A genus
of infusory animalcules, of which dit!'ercnt species
are met with, — for example, Vib'rio pro'lifer in
almost all putrescent fluids containing protein,
and in the pus of chancres; in which last the V.
linenla has likewise been found.
VIBRIS'SiE. Same etymon. The hairs which
grow at the entrance of the nostrils and of other
outlets. In the feline tribe, the whiskers.
VIBURNUM CASSINOIDES, Ilex Para-
guensis.
Vibur'num Denta'tum, Arrow Wood, Mealy
Tree, Tihj of the Indians. Ord. Caprifoliacese.
A high indigenous shrub, of the same family as
V. lentago; the bark of which has been used by
the Indians as a diuretic.
Viburnum Edu'le flourishes in the Hudson's
B.ay territory. The fruit has an orange colour,
and is less acid, more fleshy, and more agreeable
to the taste than the cranberry.
Viburnum L>evicatum, Ilex Paraguensis.
Viburnum Lenta'go, Sivcct Viburnum, JVminy-
berry. A handsome indigenous tree, of the ho-
neysuckle family — Caprifoliacea) — which flowers
in May and June. It has been used as an anti-
periodic.
Vibur'num Prunifo'lium, Bind: Jfnio, Sloe-
leaved Viburnum, Sloe. Indigenous: flowering
in May. The leaves have been used as tea.
Viburnum, Slow-leaved, V. prunifoliura — v.
Sweet, V. lentago.
VIC-LE-COMPTE, MINERAL WATERS
OF. Yic-le-Compte is a small village in the de-
VICARIOUS
967
VINUM
partment of Puy de DOine, three leagues from
Issoire; where there is an aoiduluus chalybeate,
which is aperient.
VICA'RIOUS, Vicft'riiis, from vicin, 'change,
pliieo.' Taking the place of another : — as ' vica-
iiDUS secretion,' Secre'tio viva'ria; a secretion
whicli talies place in one part instead of another.
VICAR'S UKAY, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Tills spring is situate in Perthshire, Scotland,
aliout two miles from Dollor, and near to 131arn-
gone. The water is one of the strongest chaly-
beatc's known.
VICE, Cachosis.
VICE DE CONFO/lJ/ATIOy. Faulty for-
niatioi) of a yiart of the hody.
VICHY, MINERAL WATERS OF. Carho-
tiatcd alkaline clialyhcatcs, the sources of which
are at Vichy, six leagues from Moulins, in the
department of Allier. The springs are seven in
miiiibcr. Almost all are thermal ; give off bub-
bles of carbonic acid gas, and have a slightly sul-
phureous odour. They deposite carbonates of
iiiue and magnesia, and a little oxide of iron ;
and afford, on analysis, carbonates of lime, soda,
iron, and magnesia, carbonic acid, sulphate of
soda, and chloride of sodium. They are em-
]il(iyed as tonics, particularly In chronic affections
of the abdominal viscera, in old catarrhs, diseases
of the joints, Ac.
Vicuv Water, Factit"ious, Aqua Vicieti'sis,
(F.) L'an dc Vivlnj, is made of simple acidulous
iratcr, impregnated with twice its bulk of corho-
iilc (icid, ^xxss ; auhcarhotidte of soda, gr. xxslj ;
eidjili((te of soda, gr. xvj ; chloride of sodium, gr.
iv ; siibcarboiinte of iiHKjiiesia, gr. ss ; chloride of
iron. gr. i. Mix. Ph. P.)
VICIA ERVILIA, Ervum.
Vlc"lA FabA, Faba, F. major seu vidyaris,
Or'obus faba, Common Garden Bean, (F.)
/'ci-e ou Fere des marais. Ord. LeguminosaJ.
»SVx. ^Syxt. Diadelphia Docandrla. A native of
Egypt, of which there are many varieties. Beans
are not easy of digestion. They are proverbially
flatulent, especially when old. When young,
they are more digestible and wholesome. Bean
meal was one of the four resolvent meals of the
ancients.
VICINITRACTUS, Erysipelas.
VICINITRAIIA, Erysipelas.
VICTORIALIS FEMINEA, Gladiolus vulga-
ris— v. Longa, Allium victoriale — v. Rotunda,
Gladiolus vulgaris.
VICTCS ratio, Diet.
VfDANGES, Lochia.
VIDIAN CANAL, Pterygoid canal— v. Nerve,
Pterygoid nerve.
VIE, Life — V. Dur^e de la, sec Longevity — v.
3/oyeuue, see Longevity.
VIEILLESSE, Senectus.
VIELLOTTE, Colchicum autumnale.
VIEliGE, Virgin.
17/' ARGENT, Hydrargyrum.
VIGILANCE, Insomnia.
VIGIL ANTIA, Egregorsis.
YIGILATIO, Egregorsis.
VIGILIA, Egregorsis.
VIGILI^, Egregorsis — v. Nimiae, Coma vigil.
VIGILIUM, Egregorsis.
VIGNE, Vitis vinifera — v. Jilanche, Bryonia
j,ll,,i ,.. (ie Jiidee, Solanum dulcamara — v. dii
Xoril, Ilumulus lupulus— I'. Vierge, Bryonia alba.
VIGNETTE, Spiriea ulmaria.
VIGNOBLE, Mercurialis.
VIGOR, Acme.
VILLA FRANCA, (CLIMATE OF.) This
little town Is situate immediately to the eastward
of Montalbano, which separates the bay of Villa
Fri'nca from that of Nice. It is on the southern
declivity of a steep and lofty range of mountains;
and is more effectually sheltered from the north
and north-west winds than Nice, with the climate
of which that of Villa Franca closely corresponds.
VILLI, see Villous membranes.
VILLOUS, Villo'sus, (F.) Villetix, from villus,
'a hair.'
Villous Mkmbraxes or Coats. VeJ/imen'ia
Bovd/yc" ilia, (F.) Jlembranes villeiises, Membravt n
veloiites, are such as are covered with soft papillju
or Villi, Flocci, Floc'cidi, Vesic' iilep, Ct/liu'dri,
Tubi J/embraiia'cei, constituted of blood-vessels,
nerves, and absorbents; or such as are covereil
with fine down, so as to cause them to feel soft
and velvety. The term is, however, chiefly re-
stricted to the former. Chaussier gives the name
simple villous viembraiies to the serous mem-
branes; and that o'i complicated or follicular vil-
lous membraiies to the mucous membranes.
VIN, Wine — v. de Bordeaux, Claret — v. de
Ponlet, see Poulet — v. de Qiiiiiqiiiiia compost, Vi-
tuim de klna kinficompositum — v. Iloiii/e d'Oportu,
Vinum Portugallicum — v. Sec, Sack.
VINAIGUE, Acetum, see Aceticum acidum —
V. Scillitique, Acetum scillse — v. de Bois, Pyru-
llgneous acid. ^
VINAIGRES MEDICINAUX, Acetica.
VINCA MINOR, V. }iervin'ca, from viiicio, 'I
bind,' because of its usefulness in making bands.
Clem'alis daphnoVdea major. Lesser jieritriiikle,
(F.) I'erveiiche, Violette des Sorcicrs. It has
bitter and astringent properties, and has beea
used in gargles and diseases of the chest.
VINCETOXICUM, Asclepias vineetoxicum.
VINCTURA, Fascia.
VINCULA, Fascia.
VINCULUM, Bandage, Lien — v. Caninum,
Fra;n\im penis — v. Linguae, Fraenum lingua: — v. .
Praeputii, Friunum penis — v. Umbilioale, Funicu-
lus umbilicalis.
VINE, Vitis vinifera — v. Grape, Vitis vinifera.
Vine Poison, Rhus radicans.
Vine, Wild, Pareira.
VINEGAR, AROMATIC SPIRIT OF, see
Aceticum acidum.
'Vinegar of Cantharides, Acetum cantharidis.
Vinegar, Common, Acetum — v. Distilled, see
Aceticum acidum — v. Estragon, Artemisia dra-
cuneulus — v. Marseilles, Acetum aroraaticum.
Vinegar of Meadow Saffron, Acetum col-
chici — V. of Opium, Guttas nigrse.
Vinegar, Radical, Aceticum acidum.
Vinegar of Squills, Acetum scillaa — v. of the
Four Thieves, Acetum aromaticum.
Vinegar, Thieves', Acetum aromaticum — v.
Whey, see Acetum.
Vinegar of Wood, see Aceticum acidum.
VINETTE, Rumex acetosa.
VINETTIER, Oxyacantha Galeni.
VINEUX, Vinous.
VINOLENTA, see Temulentia.
VINOLENTIA, Temulentia.
VINOSUS, Vinous.
VINOUS, Vino'siis, (Eno'des, (Eiioi'des, (F.)
Viiieux, from vinum, 'wine.' Relating to wine.
Having the character of, or resembling, wine.
Made of wine.
VINUM, Wine, Sherry wine (Ph. U. S. 1842).
See Wine. A medicinal wine, (F.) Vin medicinal,
Onole, Onolature.
Vinum Absinthi'tes, Tr/neo/ TFornucoorf. {Fol.
absinth. e.vsic., absinth. Pontic., aa gvj, viui albi
Olv. Macerate for 24 hours, and strain. J'h. P.)
Stimulant, tonic, febrifuge, vermifuge.
Vinum Adustum, Brandy — v. Album, Sherry
wine (Ph. U. S. 1851), see Wine— v. Album HIs-
panicum, see Wine — v. Album Montanum, see
Wine.
Vl.NUM Al'oes, V. aloes Sneotori'na seu aloet'-
icum seu aro'mo-aloeticum, Tinctu'ra hi'era,Tinct-
VINUM
968
VINUM
u'ra sacra, Wine of Aloes. (Aloes in pulv. 5J,
cardam. cont., Zinyib. cont., aa 3J > *""' ""'• ^j-
Ivlaccrace for 14 days, and filter. Ph. U. 8.)
Purgative and stomachic, according to the dose.
Do>e, f3j to f5ij.
YiNUM Amaki.'M, v. Gentianfe comp. — v. Aina-
rum scillitioum, Ac, V. diureticum aniarutn — v.
Aiuanun cum spiritii vini, Y. gentiaiiae composi-
tum — V. Antiiiioniale, V. antimonii tartarizati —
V. Antiiiioniatum Iluxhami, V. antimonii tartari-
zati— V. Antimonii potassio-tartratis, V. antimonii
tai'tarizati.
VlNliM Antimo'niI, V. antimo'itii tartariza'ti seu
tartiu'tis ojitimonii seu uiitimo'iiii potas'sio-tar-
tiatis seu heiiedic'lum seu antimouiu'tiim Htuha'-
vii seu antlmouiale seu emet'icum, Liquor tar'turi
einet'ici, Etsen'tia antimonii seu etih'ii, Aqua
htnedic'ta Kidan'di, Solution of tar'turized atiti-
moiiy, Antlnionial wine. (Ant. et Potass, tart, yj,
vini (ilbi f.^x. Dissolve the tartarized aiitimciny
in the wine. Ph. U. S.) Each fluidounce con-
tains two grains of the tartrate.
The ordinary Antimonial icine is made with
(/Iwoi o/ antimony ^j, sherry Oiss.
V.'ind's Red Drop consists of a strong vinous
solution of tartorized antimony.
ViNUM Antiscorbu'ticijm, Antiscorbu'tic wine.
(Rod. iirnioracicB recent, ^j, fol. coehlearim re-
cent., nostiirtii aquatic, trij'ol. aquatic, aemin. ai-
iinp., aa ^ss, annnoiiicB mnriat. 3U> vin. albi Oij.
Macerate for 36 hours ; filter, and add tincturcB
cochlear, ^ss. Ph. P.) Stimulant and tonic.
Dose, f.^ss to f^ij.
ViNUM Aromat'icum, Aromatic wine. (Species
oroiualic. ,^iv, vin. ruhr. Oij. Macerate for G
days and filter. Ph. P.) Stimulant and tonic.
Used, externally, in fomentations, embrocations,
Visum Aromo-alokticum, V. aloes — v. Bene-
dietum, V. antimonii tartarizati.
ViNUM Campa'num, V. Cam])ajia'ceum. Cham-
pagne wine. A well-known sparljling wine of
France. See Wine.
VixuM Canaiunum, see Wine — v. Chalybeatum,
V. ferri — v. Cinchonas compositum, V. de kini
kina comp.
YlNlTM Col'chiCI, V. Colchici Radi'cis, Wine
of Colchicum, Want's Eau d'Husson. (Colchic.
rod. bene contus. Ibj. vini alb. Oij. Macerate for
li days, with occasional agitation, and then ex-
press strongly, and filter. Ph. U. S.) It may
;ilso be jirepared by displacement. Diuretic, se-
(!;itive, and purgative. Chiefly used in gout.
Dose, gtt. 40 to f's.
Reynolds's Specific for gout and rheumatism
consisted of the fresh bulb of Colchicum ^viij.
Sherry icine, f^xvj. The colchicum was mace-
rated for eight or ten days in the wine, at a gentle
heat; coloured with syrup of pojtpies and fla-
voured with rum. Reynolds is said to have
killed himself by taking an over-dose of it.
ViNUM Colchici Radicis, V. colchici.
Vi.NUM Colchici Seji'inis, Wine of Colchicum
seed. (Colchic. sem. cont. ^iv; viiii alb. Oij.
Macerate for 14 days, with occasional agitation,
then express and filter. Ph. U. S.) Dose, f3J to
ViNUM Crematum, Brandy.
ViNUM Diuret'icum Ama'rum, V. amarum
scillit'icum conipos'itum in Charita'tis Nosocomi'o
I'lurpa'tum, Bitter diuret'ic wine. (Cort. cinchon.,
Wintcran., Union., ail ^ij, rhus tojicodendr., scil-
IcB, cacumin. nnyelicce, aa ,5ss. fol. absinth., me-
lisste, aa ,^j, haccar. junip., v)acis, aa ^ss, vin.
alb. Oviij. Macerate and filter. Ph. P.) Stimu-
lant, tonic, and diuretic. Dose, f.^ss to f5iss.
ViNUM E.MKTici'jr, V. antimonii tartarizati.
ViNUjr Er'gOT.H, Wine of Eryot. (Ergot a,
cont., ^iji vini alb. Oj. Macerate for 14 days,
with occasional agitation; then e.xpress and filter.
Ph. U. S.) Dose, TT\,.\x to I'^j to produce the
peculiar effects of ergot.
ViMiM Fkhuatum, V. Ferri.
VlNl'M Fekiu, v. Chalyhca'tum seu fcrra'lum
seu JJartia'luni seu J/artis, Tinctura jiartis vi-
no'sa seu Martis cum vino, Sleel wine, Wine of'
Iron. (Iron wire, 5J ; Sherry wine, Oij (Imp.
meas.). Digest for thirty days and filter. Ph. L.)
Tonic. Dose, f,:5j to fgiv.
It is sometimes made by adding two pints of
wine to two ounces of iron Jiiinys ; macerating and
filtering.
ViNUM Gentia'NjE, V. G. Coynpos'iium sou
Ama'rum seu Amarum cum epirilii \iui, Jnfu'-
sum ama'rum vino'sum, Compound teine of yen-
tian, Wine bitters. (Rad. yentian. tutem ^ss, cort.
cinchon. o£ic. ^j, cort. aurant. ^ij, canella alb,
3J. alcohol, dilut. f ,^iv, villi alb. IJisjjanic. Oijss.
Ph. E.) Dose, f 3;] to f.^^vj.
ViMLM lliPi'ocKATU I'M, C'lnrct — v. Ilispanicum,
Vinum, see Wine — v. Ilordeaceum, Cerevisia — v.
Hydatodes, see Hydatoid.
VlNUM IpecaCI'An'hJ3, Jpecacuan'ha wine.
(Ipecacuan. cont. ^ij, vini alb. Oij.) Macerate
for 14 days, express, and filter. Emetic and dia-
phoretic. Dose, as an emetic, f^iv to f^x.
ViNUM DE Kina Kina Cojipos'itum, Wcincho'-
nm compositum, Compound bark wine, (F.) Vin de
quinquina compose. (Cort. cinchon. pulv. Ibss,
qiiassice, cort. Winteraii., cort. aurant. sice, iia
gss, alcohol. (12° to 22° Eeaumfi) Oj. Macerate
for 24 hours; and add vini albi Oyj. Macerate
for four days, and filter. Ph. P.) Tonic, febri-
fuge, and stomachic. Dose, f ,^ss to f,§ij.
ViNUM Martiatum, V. ferri — v. Martis, V.
ferri — v. Medicatum. see Claret.
ViNUM Medicina'le, 3/ed'icated Wine. Wine,
holding in solution one or more medicines. Me-
dicinal wines are obtained by macerating or di-
gesting medicinal substauees in wine. They
difi'er, of course, according to the nature of the
medicine employed, the strength of the wine, &c.
In a late Pharmacopoeia of the London College,
all the wines were changed into weak tinctures;
but the old names were left unaltered. Siierry is
the wine usually employed. The following are
medicated wines.
ViNUM Merum, Acratum — v. Nicotianse tabaei,
V. tabaei — v. Opiatum fermentatione paratum,
Laudanum abbatis Rousseau.
Vinum O'pii, V. de opio conipos'itnm, Laud'-
onum liq'uidmn Sydenha'mi seu Hofl'inan'ni,
Tinctu'ru Theba'ica, Wine of Opium, A^ydcnham's
Laud'unnm, Ford's laudanum. (Opii in pulv.
,5'j j cinnam. cont., caryophy/L cont. aa ,^j, vini
albi Oj. Macerate for 14 days; express and
filter. — Ph. U. S.) Narcotic. Dose, gtt. xv to
Vinum de Opio Compositum, V. opii — v. Pica-
tum, Pissites.
Vinum Poiitugal'liciim, V. rubrum, (Ph. U. S.
1851,) (F.) Vin rouf/e d' Oporto. AVine of P(ntu-
gal or of Oporto. Port wine. A strong astrin-
gent wine, not much drunk in the United States;
but greatly used in England.
Vinum Qiii'nIjE, Wine of Qui'nia. ( VlViis Ibij,
sulphate of qninia gr. .\. Mix.) Dose, f ,^iss or
more; according as it is used as a stomachic, or
to arrest ague. A Vinum Cincho'nia may be
made in the same way.
Vinum Ruei, F. R. pulma'ti, V. Rhabarbari,
Tinctura Rhabar'bari Vino'sa, Elixir Rhei diilce,
E. R. Compos' itum. Rhubarb Wine. (Rhei
cont. ^^ij, canellfB cont. ^}, alcohol, dilut. f ^ij,
vinicdbi, Oj. Macerate for 14 days; express and
filter. — /•"/(. U. S.) Laxative and stimulant.
Dose, f^iv to f_^iss.
ViKUM Khei PALMAn, V. Rhei — v. Rhcnanum,
VIOL
9 09
VIROSUS
gee Wine — V. Rhabarbnri, V. rhei palmati —v.
Rubruin, V. Portugullicum — v. Kubrum Portu-
gallicuin, see Wine.
y'^'l'*'^'fAB'ACl. Vhium Nicotin'no! Tahaci, To-
Uc'co Wine. (Tulxtc. incis. ,^j, rini nlbl, Oj.
Macerate for 14 days; express" and strain. Ph.
U. S.) Narcotic, diuretic, and antispasmodic.
In dropsical ca.«es, colica pictonuin, and ileus.
Not used. Dose, gtt. xx to xxxvj.
Visum Vkra'tri, V. V. olhi, Wine of White
Ilel'lihore. (Veratri co ii t. "^'w ; Vint ulbi, Oj.
Macerate for 14 days, express and filter. — Ph. U.
S.) Ill cutaneous affections, and in gout. Dose,
ten minims.
Visum Veratri Albi, V. Veratri — v. Xericum,
see Viiium.
VIOL, Stuprum.
VI'OLA, Viola odora'ta seu mar'tia, Ton, Ma-
tronii'lis, Viola'ria, Sweet Violet, (F.) Violefte
a boiKjitetn, V. odorante. Ord. Violaceso. The
floweis of the sweet violet, have a pleasant, pecu-
culiar od(ur, and scarcely any taste. They are
slightly laxative.
Viola Cani'na, V. sijlnes'tris, Dog Violet. The
root of this plant is emetic and cathartic. Dose,
Viola Ipecaoitanha, see Ipecacuanha — v.
Lutea, Cheiranthus cheiri — v. Martia, Viola — v.
Odorata, Viola — v. Palustris, Pinjjuioola vulgaris.
Viola Pkda'ta, Viola, (Ph. U. S.) This in-
digenous violet, which grows from New England
to Carolina, is regarded by some as a useful de-
mulcent in pectoral affections.
Viola Svlvestris, V. Canina.
Viola Tui'color, Jnee'a tricolor, IJerha seu Floa
Trinitti'tit, Heart's ease, Pansy, Peiwy, Pansies,
(Prov.) Bcedi/'s eyes, liiddy's eyes, (F.) Pensfe,
P. aanvaije. The decoction of this beautiful little
plant has been recommended in diseases of the
skin, Ac. Its roots are, also, emetic and cathartic.
VIOLARIA, Viola.
VIOLET, DOG, Viola canina— v. Dog's Tooth,
ErythroniuTn Aniericanum.
Violet Rloom, Solanum dulcamara.
Violet, Sweet, Viola.
VIOLETTE A BOVQ UETS, Viola— u. Odor-
ante Viola — v. des Sorcicrs, Vinca minor.
VIOLIER JAUNE, Cheiranthus cheiri.
VIOHNA, Clematis vitalba.
VIPER, EGYPTIAN, Aspis — v. Ten-inch
long, Echidna ocellata.
Vii'Kii Grass, Scorzonera.
VIl'ERA, Coluber berus.
VIPERARIA, Aristolochia serpentaria, Scor-
zonera.
VIPERINA VIRGINIANA, Aristolochia ser-
pentaria.
VII'ERJNE DE VIRGINIE, Aristolochia
serpentaria.
VIPER'S DANCE, Chorea.
VIR, Aner, Penis — v. Etfoeminatus, Gynaecaner.
VIHAtiO. see Pogoniasis.
VIHKUX, Virulent.
VIRtJA, Penis — v. Cerea, Bourjie — v. Cerebri,
Pineal inland.
VIKGILLA. Cladrastis tinctoria.
VIRtjIN, Virgo, genitive virginis, Par'thenns,
Expers nnplia'rum, (F.) Vierge, Pucelle. A fe-
male who has never had sexual intercourse. Ap-
jilied, also, occasionally to the male so eircum-
VlllGIN-MARY THISTLE, Centaurea bene-
dicta.
VIR'GTNAL, Virginn'le, from vtrgo.virgnrts, 'a
virgin.' The external genital organs of the virgin.
ViR(!iv\L Membrane, Hymen.
VI RGIN'IA, MINERAL WATERS OF. There
are several celebrated uiinenil springs in Virginia,
on the western side of the Blue Ridge. Two
Thermal s{>rings exist in Bath county. The
Warm Spring, as it is called, issues with a bold
stream, sufficient to turn a mill, and to keep the
water of its basin at the temperature of 97°. The
Hot Spring is a few miles from the warm. Its
temperature is 107°. They are both slightly sul-
phureous. The Siceet Springs are at the eastern
foot of the Allegheny, in Botetourt county; 42
miles from the Warm Springs. The waterhas a
temperature of 70°, and is highly impregnated
with carbonic acid. The While Snljihnr, as well
as the lied Sulphur, and Salt Snljjhur Springs,
are also much celebrated. The Red Spring is
afHrnied to exert a sedative influence on the
pulse, diminishing the number of its beats.
Prof. W. 13. Rogers analyzed the water of the
White Sulphur, and found it to be composed as
follows: — Gaseous contents in a wine gallon.
Sulphuretted hydrogen, 2'5 cubic inches, carbonic
acid, 2; oxyyen, 1-448; nitrogen, .3-552. — Total,
9'5. Solid contents in a pint; sulphate of mag-
nesia, 5-588 grains; sulphate of lime, 7'744; car-
bonate of lime, 1-150 ; chloride <f calcium, 0-204 ;
chloride of sodium, 0-180 ; oxide of iron, a trace;
loss, 0-410. Total, 15-276 grains.
The liochbridge Alum Springs are situated 17
miles west of Lexington, and are in much favour.
Their solid constituents are said to be, — sulphate
of potassa, 1 -765 gr. ; suli)hate of lime, 3-263 ; sul-
phate of magnesia, 1-703 ; protoxide of iron, 4-863;
alumina, 17-905; crenate of ammonia, 0-700;
chloride of sodium, 1-008; silicic acid, 2-840 ; free
sulphuric acid, l,r224; free carbonic acid, 7-536
— water 58315-133. They are used in dys-
pepsia, scrofula, chronic diarrhoea, and cutaneous
affections. The Both Alum Springs are about 17
miles west of the Rockbridge Springs, in Bath
county. They consist of free sulplmric acid,
7-878 grs ; carbonic acid, 3-846 : sulphate of po-
tassa, 0-258; magnesia, 1-282; lime, 2-639; pro-
toxide of iron, 21-776; alumina, 12-293; crenate
of ammonia, 1-776; silicate of soda, 3-150 ; water,
58317-202. They are more chalybeate than thelast.
About 15 miles from Staunton are Siribling's
Sj>rings- — a sulphuretted water ; and near War-
re)ito)i, in Fatiquier count)/, there is a sulphu-
reous water, called Lee's Springs, which is much
frequented. Berl-hy or Bath, and Capon Spri]ig8
are likewise celebrated.
VinGiNiA, Hvmen.
VIRGINIS VlTIATIO, Defloration.
VIR(7lN'ITY, Virgin'ilas, Parthenei'n, Tnteg'-
ritas, J/aid'enhood. Maid'enhead, (F.) Virginitf,
Pucelage ; from virgo, rirginis, 'a. virgin.' The
state of one who has never had carnal commerce.
VIRGIN'S BOWER, COMMON, Clemntis
vitalba. Clematis Virginica — v. Bower, upright.
Clematis recta — v. Sweet-scented, Clematis flam-
mula.
Virgin's Milk, Lac Vir'ginis seu Virgina'le,
(F.) Lait virginal. A tincture of benjamin or
of any other Ijalsam, precipitated by the addition
of water, which gives it a milky appearance.
Also, sub-acetate of lead precipitated by water. It
has been used as a cosmetic to remove freckles, <tc.
VIRGINITAS DEFLORATA, Defloration.
VIRGO, Virgin — v. Aurea, Solidago virgaurea.
VIRGULA. Penis.
VIR IDE .ERIS, Cupri subacetas — v. Monta-
num. Cuprum.
VIRILE. Penis.
VIRILES'CEXCE: from ririlis, (rir, 'aman,')
' manly.' The state of the aged female in which
she assumes certain of the characteristics of the
male. — Mehliss.
VIRILLA, Pudibilia.
VIRILITY, Adult age.
VIROSUS, Virulent.
VIRTUE
970
VITAL
VIRTUE, Facultv.
VIRTUS FOKMATRIX, Plastic force — v.
Plastira, Plastic force.
VIR'ULExNT, Vintlen'tng, Viro'sus, (F.) Vi-
rei(.c, from vims. That wliich is of the nature
of a virus or which is caused by a virus. Highly
noxious.
VIRUS, from via, ' force,' plural ivVes [?]. A
Latin word, which signifies poison ; but which,
in medicine, has a somewhat different accepta-
tion. By it is understood a principle, unknown
in its nature and inappreciable by the senses,
which is the agent for the transmission of infec-
tious diseases. Thus we speak of the vniialic,
rncviiie, and syphilitic vincses. Virus differs from
venom in the latter being a secretion natural to
certain animals, whilst the former is always the
result of a morbid process, — a morbid poison.
Virus, Ichor, Poison, Sanies — v. Vaccine, see
Vaccina — v. Vitale, Sperm.
VIS, Force — v. Adha'sionis, Cohesion (force
of) — V. Attraetionis, Cohesion (force of) — v.
Aucta, Sthenia — v. Cohaesionis, Cohesion (force
of) — V. Conservatrix, V. medicatrix naturae —
V. Elastica, Elasticity — v. Essentialis, Plastic
force.
Vis Expul'trix. The organic force by which,
it was supposed, the useless was removed from
the body.
Vis Formativa, Plastic force — v. Generatrix,
Potentia generandi — v. Imminuta, Asthenia — v.
Insita, Irritability— V. Irritabilitatis, Irritability.
Vis Medica'trix Natu'r.*;, V. couserva'trix,
Aiitocrnti'a, Autotiom'in, Autocrnto'ria, Autliij-
gian'sis, Aiitnthcrii]>ei'a, Physiai'rice, Pln/xio-
autocrati'a, Physiaiitocrfiti'a, (F.) Force viedicn-
frice. A term, employed by some, to express
that instinctive healing power, in an animal or
vegetalile, by virtue of which it can repair inju-
ries inflicted upon it, or remove disease.
A''is jMbtabolica, Metabolic force.
Vis Mor'tua, Under this name Ilaller in-
cluded the mechanical properties of membrane,
— flexibility, extensibility, elasticity, &e. — which
are totally independent of the vital properties.
They remain some time after the complete ex-
tinction of life in all its functions ; seem to be
connected with the mechanical arrangement of
particles and the chymical composition of the
fcubstance in which they reside, and not to be
affected until the progress of decomposition has
become sensible.
Vis Miisci'LARis, Myodynamia — v. Nervorum,
Nervous power — v. Nervosa. Nervous power — v.
Plastica, Plastic force — v. Reproductiva, Plastic
force — v. Vitie, Irritability.
Vis Vita'lis, Vis seu Fac'idtas Zn'tien. (F.)
Force vitide. The vital force — liiod of Baron
A'on Reichenbaeh — which distinguishes living
matter from the dead. Also, Irritability.
Vis Zotica. Vis vitalis.
VISAGE, Countenance.
VISCAGO BEHEN, Cucubalus behen.
VISCERA, Entrails.
VISCERAL, Splanchnic.
VISCERALIS, Stomachal.
VISCERATION, Exenterismus.
VISCERES, Entrails.
VISCONIA, Physconia.
VISCUM ALBUM, /xoo, Tx'ia, Dahach, Mis'.
tJetoe, (F.) Gni, Giii de Clique, Gilloii. A para-
sitic plant, which grows on a number of trees.
Order, LoranthaceiB. Se.r. S'l/sf. Dicecia Tetran-
dria. That of the oak — Viscum querci'num — has
been most celebrated, but it does not differ from
the others. It was, at one time, much used in
epilepsy and other neuroses; the wood or leaves
being given in powder, in the dose of J^ss or ^j.
The berries, also called I'ummes ht'inorrlioidolis,
from their supposed virtues, ore drastic; and,
when applied externally, are maturative.
VisciiM Capen'sk. A South African parasitic
shrub, which grows on the stems of several spe-
cies of Rhus and Euclea.
VisruM Flavks'cens, F. verlicilla'tum. Yellow
or Yel'lowish Jilis'ftetoe, indigenous, has been
given in similar cases as the r/«ci(m ollmm.
Visci'M Verticim.atum, V. flavesccns.
VISIO, Pupil, Vision.
VIS'ION, JSi(jlit, Vis'in, Visus, from ridere,
visttm, 'to see;' Opsis, Omnia, (F.) Viie. The
action of seeing. The sight is. one of the live
senses, and the eye is its organ. By it wo
distinguish colours, and appreciate most of the
physical qualities of external-objects. Tiie eye is
composed of different transparent media, whoso
curvatures and refractive powers are so combined
as to render insensible the aberrations of spheri-
city and refrangibility, and to concentrate the
numerous rays proceeding from more or less
distant objects. These rays traverse, succes-
sively, the transparent cornea, the aqueous hu-
mour, the crystalline, the vitreous humour, and
strike upon the retina, on which tlicy impress
the figure of the object whence they have pro-
ceeded ; and, in order that no obscurity may arise
from the reflections that might otherwise oircur,
the anterior of the eye is lined by a membrane —
the choroid — which is itself covered internally by
a dark pigment. This absorbs the light, like the
dark pigment in the interior of telescopes, and
thus obviates confusion. As the rays proceeding
from an object must cross each other in their
course to the retina, it follows that those pro-
ceeding from the upper part of an ol)je(t must
fall upon the lower part of the retina, and con-
versely ; so that the object must be impressed
upon the retina in an inverted position; yet ex-
perience teaches us to appreciate the position ac-
curately.
Vision, Binocular, see Binocular — t. Co-
loured, Chromopsia — v. Double, Dipbi])ia — v.
Iridescent, Chromopsia — v. Manifold, Polyopsia
— v. Multiple, Polyopsia — v. Phantasmalum,
Metamorphopsia — v. Single, see Binocular.
VISNOMY, Physiognomy.
VISORIUM ORGANUM, Eye.
VISORIUS, Visual.
VIS'UAL, Visun'lis, Vi>:o'ri„s, (F.) VisueJ.
Same etymon as Vision. That which concerns
the sight or belongs to vision.
Visual Angle is the angle formed by the
crossing of two rays, proceeding from opposite
points of any body, in their passage through the
pupil. It is by the size of this angle that we judge,
to a certain extent, of the dimensions of objects.
VISUEL, Visual.
VISUS, Vision — v. Acris, Oxydercia — v.
Acrior, Nyctalopia — v. Coloratus, Chromopsia —
V. Debilitas, Asthenopia — v. Decolor, Achroma-
topsia— v. Defiguratus, Metamorphopsia — v. Di-
midiatus, Ilemiopia — v. Diurnus, Ilemeralnpia —
V. Duplicatus, Diplopia — v. Ilebetudo, Amblyopia
— V. Juvenum, Myopia — v. Lucidus, Photopsia —
V. Muscarum, see Metamorphopsia — v. Nebulo-
sus. Nebula — v. Nocturnus, Nyctalopia — v. Seni-
lis, Presbytia.
VITA, Life — v. Propria, Irritability.
VITAL, Vita'lis, Biot'ic, liiot'iciis, (F.) Vital,
from vita, 'life.' Relating or appertaining to
life.
Vital CapAc"itY, Puhnou'ic or Luiir/ capiadly.
A term employed by Dr. Hutchinson to designate
the number of cubic inches of air, which a person
can forcibly expire after a full inspiration.
V I T A L r> A
971
VIVIPARITY
Vital Dynvsiics, seo Dynamic— v. Force, Vis
vitiilis.
Vital Pkin'i ii'li:, Flam'muld seu Ania vil,i'-
Ji'i, Jlitn,coi,/„e't<,i; (F.) t'Uimme vilii/e, Vit'il
Flame. Tlie principle wliicli, In assuuintion with
luatler, as in organized boilios, contrdis its mani-
festations and iM-operlies, and dislingnisbes or-
ganized matter from the inorganic. We know
nothing of this principle, except in its connexion
with organization.
Vital Pkoimcktirs, see Properties, vital — v.
Statistics, Statistics, medical.
VITA LIU. Clematis vitalba.
VI'TALIS-M, Vitii/iim'iiH. The doctrine of the
vitoliiit — viUil iii'la — who ascribes every function
of the organism to the direct agency of the vital
principle.
VITALIST, see Vitalism.
VITAI/ITY, r/^-/'//</«, (F.) ViinliifjToravita,
'life' The vital principle: also, used in the sense
of vital action or movement.
VITALIZE. To endow with life.
VITALS, Vita'Ua. Parts that are necessary
for life — tlie heart, dungs, and nervous centres
more especiallv.
VITARO'BbUANT, PALMER'S. A farina-
ceous preparation, which appears to consist of a
mixture of the red or Arabian lentil and wheat
Hour, the latter in considerable amount, sweet-
ened with sugar. It bears considerable resem-
blance to Revalenta.
VITELLARY, Vitelline — v. Membrane, Zona
fellucida.
VITELLINE, Zona pcllucida.
VIT'ELLINE, Viti'l'liiiuH, Vit'cUnnj, Lecltho'-
les, from riteHtiH, 'the yolk of an egg.' Apper-
taining to or resembling the vitellus or yolk.
Also, the yolk membrane. See Vesicula umbili-
calis.
ViTKLLiNB Disc, Proligerous Disc — v. Fluid,
see Vesicula umbiliealis.
ViTKLLiNK Pkd'icle or Aropii'YSis is the pedi-
cle which attaches the umbilical vesicle to the
embryo. See Vo^ieula umbiliealis.
ViTHLi.iNB PoiuH, Vesicula umbiliealis — v.
Vessels, 0 M) ph a lo- mesenteric.
VITELLO-MESENTERIC, Omphalo-mesen-
teric.
VITELLUM OVI, see Ovum.
VITELLUS OVI, see Ovum.
VITEX, from vieo, 'I bind' [?] ; V. Agnxis Cas-
tiia seu verticilla'ta, (F.) Gattilier, Petit Foivre,
Poivre de moine ou saiivncje. Old. Verbenaccifi.
Sejc. Sij'<l. Didynamia Angiospermia. The Chaste
Tree. The seeds, when fresh, have a fragrant
smell, and an acrid, aromatic taste. Formerly,
they were celebrated as antaphrodisiacs.
VITI SALT US." Chorea.
VITIA PRIM^E COMFORMATIONIS, see
Monster.
VITIATIO, Stuprum.
VITILKtINES, Ephelides.
VITILIGO, Lepra — v. Alphus, Lepra alpbo-
ides — v. Melas, Lepra nigricans — v. Kigra, Lepra
nigricans.
VITILIGOI'DEA, from vitiligo, and uftoi, 're-
semblance.' A disease of the skin, so called
from its resembling the vitiligo of Willan. It
appears under two forms ; either as tubercles— F.
inbeni'ia varying from the size of a pin's head
to that of a large pea, isolated or confluent: or as
yellow patches of irregular outline, slightly ele-
vated, and with but littb- hardness— T. /-/«.<((.
VITIS ALH.V SYLVESTRIS, Bryonia alba
— V. Apyrena, see V. Corinthiaca.
ViTis CoRiNTiiiACA. 0/(/. VitaceiB. Sex. Si/ot.
Pentnndria Monogynia. This plant affords the
I'va CoriuthiaciE paxstE luiix/re", Patna Corin-
thiaccs, Pan'mdm miiw'ics, Corinth iacce, Curraiitu,
(F.) PaiKins tie Corinthe; which are the dried
fruit of the Vllin Corinthiaca or Vitie apyre'nn;
and are similar, in their properties, to the raisin.
ViTis IdjKa Myutillus, Vaceiniuin myrtillus
— v. Idffia Palustris, Vaccinium oxycoccos — v.
Idipa j)unctata, Vaccinium vitis idaea — v. Sativa,
V. vinifera.
Vitis Vi.nif'era, F. sati'va, Am'pelon, A.
QSiioph'oros, Grape vine, Vine, (F.) Vigne.
Vine leaves and the tendrils have an astrin-
gent taste, and were formerly used in diar-
rhoea, hemorrhage, <fcc. The juice or sap, called
Lac'ryina, has been recommended in calculous
disorders and in cases of chronic ophthalmi;i.
The juice of the unripe fruit is called Verjuice.
The Grape, Uia, Botrys, Staph'yie, Ithax, (F.)
Jiaisiii, when ripe, is a wholesome delicious fruit;
and, when dried, forms the Uvcb pasuce majo'rcn,
Panii'ultB maio'res, Uvcb paasw sole sicca'lee, L rix
passa (Ph. tj. S.), ZibehcB, liainiiis. These are
inodorous; and to the taste, sub-acidulous, sweet,
and mucilaginous. They are demulcent and nu-
tritive.
VITIUM, Disease — v. Caducum, Epilepsy.
ViTiiiM Confokma'tionis. A disease or fault
of conformation.
ViTiiiM DiviNUM, Epilepsy — v. Herculeum,
Epilepsy — v. Scrophulosum, Scrofula.
VITRARIA, Parietaria.
VfTNE. Hyaline.
VITREO-CAPSULITIS, Hyalitis.
VITREOUS, Hyaline — V. Humour, Corpus
vitrcum — v. Humour of the ear, Vitriiie auditive.
VITREUS, Hyaline.
VITHEUX, Ilvaline.
VITRINA OCULARIS, Corpus- vitreum.
V J TRINE AUDITIVE (F.), from vitmm,
'glass;' A'ifiiiila vit'reXi aiidili'va, End'olyinjih,
Liquor or Fluid of Scarpa, Vitreous Ilinimiir nj'
the Ear. The fluid contained in the rni-mliaiioni
labyrinth of the ear, so called from its resem-
blance to the vitreoii-i humour of the eye.
VITRIOL, Ferri sulphas — v. Blue. Cupri sul-
phas— V. Green, Ferri sulphas- — v. Roman, Cupri
sulphas — V. White. Zinci sulphas.
VITRIOLUM ALBUM, Zinci suli)h!.s — v.
Ammoniacale, Amniuniae sulphas — v. Ca'ruleuni,
Cupri sulphas — v. Cujiri, Cupri sulidias — v. Cy-
priuni. Cupri suli)has — v. Ferri. Ferri suljihas — v.
Goslariense, Zinci sul)ihas — v. Mnrtis, Ferri sul-
phas— V. Ronianuin, Cupri sulphas — v. Veneris,
Cupri sulphas — v. Viride, Ferri sulphas — v. Zinci,
Zinci sulphas.
VITRUM, Ily'alos. Glaxs, Brancia, (F.) Verrc.
Glass, coarsely ])owdered, has been sometimes
used to remove specks of the cornea.
Powdered glass has been regarded, hut erro-
neously, as a poison. It acts only mechanically.
The saline scum, which swims on glass when
first made, has been used in tooth-powders. It is
called Saiidiver, Set de verre, Glass Gall, Fel
vitri, (fee.
ViTRi'M Antimonii, see Antinionii vitrum — v.
Ilypoclepticum, Separatorium — v. Oculare, see
Spectacles — v. Sublimatorium, Aludel.
VITTA, Bandelrlte. Caul.
VITTARIA CETERACII, Asplenium cete-
rach.
VITTIE VAYR, Andropogon inuricatus.
VIVACE, from virar, vicacit, {rirere, 'to
live,') 'living long, tenacious of life.' An epithet
given by Levret to uterine polypi, which he con-
siders to be, commonly, vegetations of some ulcer
in the interior of the uterus, and incurable.
VIV.ESECTIO. Vivisection.
VIVERRA CIVETTA, see Civetta.
VIVIPARE. Vivii>arous.
VIVIPARITE, see Viviparous.
VIVIPAROUS
972
VOMICA
VIVIP'AROUS, (F.) Vivipnre, from ri't-iis,
'alive,' and purio, 'I bring lortli.' An epitliet
applied to animals whose young are brougbt forth
detachod, without requiring to be hatched, as in
the Orijiiirdiin. The condition may be termed
Vivip'in-diiHiieKH. (F.) Vii'ipariie. See Generation.
VIVIPAROUSNESS, see Viviparous.
VIVrSEC'TION, Viiteec'tio, Vivasec'tio, Bio-
tom'ia, from vivus, 'alive,' and aecare, sectuni, 'to
cut.' The act of opening or dissecting living
animals. One who performs vivisections is a
viviscetor.
VOCAL, Oral^-v. Cords, see Cords, vocal — v.
Ligaments, see Cords, Vocal — v. Tube, see Tube,
vocal.
VOCALIS, Vowel.
VOCE DI PETTO, see Voice — ?;, di Testa,
see Voice.
VOICE, Vox, Aude, Pliojie, (F.) Voix, from
vociit-e, 'to name, to call.' An appreciable sound
produced by the air, when driven from the lungs,
throwing tlie inferior ligaments of the glottis into
vibration. The function by which this is effected
has been called Phomi'tion. It is a function of
animal, life; and, in animals, is limited to the
production of the simple or instinct'ive voice, as
well as in the idiot; but, in intellectual man, be-
comes much more complicated and articulated, —
an evidence of his intellectual superiority.
VoiCB, AnilC'llLATEn, Speech, Loque'la, Glonsa,
Glotta, La'lia, Pliiasis, (F.) Parole, Voix afticu-
lee, is the voice as produced by the glottis, modi-
fied by the motions of the tongue, lip, and other
parts of the vocal tube. Most physiologists agree
in regarding the glottis, or tiie space between
the thyro-arytcnoid ligaments plus the ligaments
themselves, as the part where vocal sounds are
formed; but the mechanism of this formation is
a matter of dispute. The greater part of indivi-
duals regard the glottis and its ligaments, with
the vocal tube, or the space which the sound has
to traverse after it is produced in the glottis, as
a reed instrument, like the clarionet, the inferior
ligaments of the glottis constituting the reed. In
speech, as ordinarily effected, the tongue, lips,
teeth, Ac, are concerned, but there are some
authentic cases on record, where it has been ac-
complished after the tongue has been removed.
In such cases, the articulated voice must have
been produced in the glottis alone, or in it aided
by an obscure action of the parts above it.
The singing voice is not limited to the larynx;
the pharynx would seem to be concerned also.
The notes that are produced in the latter have
been termed mipra-lart/ngeal, or notes of the second
reijister. They constitute the pharyngeal voice,
fahetto or fancette voice or voce di testa (I.),
Voix de tete, Voix de faussct (F.). The laryngeal
voice or voice of the first register. Chest voice, is
the Voce di Petto (I.), Voix de Poitrine (F.).
The laryngeal voice, which is always more ele-
vated, by an octave, in the female than in the
male, furnishes the types called Soprano, Alto or
Contralto, Tenor and Bass. The first two belong
to the female voice; the last two to the male.
The Baritone is between the bass and tenor.
VoiCK, Bleating, Egophony — v. Cavernous,
Pectoriloquy — v. Chest, see Voice, articulated.
Voice, CHOL'Enio, Vox Choler'ica. The pecu-
liar husky voice of those affected with cholera.
Voice, Convul'sive, Vox convuhi'va, (F.)
Voix eonvnlsioe. A neurosis of the voice, con-
sisting in the production of discordant sounds —
acute and grave — which cannot he brought to the
natural tones by any effort of volition. It seems
to be caused by disordered contraction of the
xnuscles of the larynx.
Voice, Falsetto, see Voice — v. Goat's, Ego-
phony — V. Laryngeal, Laryngophony, see Voice
— V. Pharyngeal, see Voice — v. Tracheal, Laryn-
gophony.
VOIE, Way.
VOIES DIGESTIVES, Ways, digestive — r.
Lacrymales, Lachrymal passages — v. I'renuires,
Ways, digestive— f. Scc<indes, Ways, second — v,
Urinaires, Urinary passages.
VOILE nU PALAIS, Velum pendulum pa-
lati — V. Midtdlaire inferieiire. Velum mcdullaro
inferius — v. Medullaire snpirieiire, Valvula
Vicussenii.
VOIX, Voice — V. Aigre, see Acid — v. Arlicu-
lee, Voice, articulated, Pectoriloquy — v. Bour-
donnante, see Resonance — v, Brouchiqne, Re-
sonance— V. Oaverneuse, Pectoriloquy — t'. Chi-
vrotante, Egophony — i: Egophoniijne, Kgopliony
— V. de Fansset, see Voice, articulated — v. de Poi-
trine, see Voice, articu'ated — v. de I'olichinelle,
Egophony — v. Senile, Egi)i)hony — v. de Telr. see
Voice, articulated — r. Tidiaire, see Rcsoiiiiini'.
VOLA, Palm— V. Manfls. Palm— v. Pedis, Sole.
VOLANT D'EA U, Nymphani alba.
VOLATICA, Lichen.
VOLATILIZA'TION, Vdatilisa'tio, Volatisa'.
tio, from volare, 'to fly.' The operation of redu-
cing volatilizable substances into gas or vapour.
VOLATISATIO, Volatilization.
VOLIT"ION, Volii"io, from volo, 'to will.'
The act of willing. Hence ;
VOLIT"IONAL, relating to volition. Thus
the muscles may be moved by a volitional or by
an emotional impulse.
VOLNUS, Wound.
VOLONTAIRE, Voluntary.
VOLONTE, Voluntas.
VOLSELLA, Aeanthobolos, Forceps, Madiste-
riuin — V. Patini, Valet d Putin.
VOLTAISM, Galvanism.
VOLTUS, Countenance, Face.
VOL'TINTARY, Ileen'sins, Volnnta'rivs, (F.)
Volontaire, from voluntas, 'will.' Relating to the
will; as 'ro?ii/i/fi»-y muscles ;' muscles which act
in obedience to the will.
VOLUNTAS, Volen'tia. Arhit'rinm, Cnpid'-
itas, Botile'sis, Bnle'sis, Thele'ma, (F.) Volonte,
from volo, 'I will.' Will or desire.
Vouin'tas sen Ccpid'itas Desedend'i, Luhi'-
do intesti'ni. The desire to go to stool.
VOLVA, Vulva.
VOLVULUS, Ileus — V. Intestinorum, Intus-
supceptio.
VOMENDI CONAMEN INANE, Vomituri-
tion.
VOMER, 'a ploughshare;' Os vo'meris, Os
maxill'a snperio'ris nndec"imnm, Ara'trnm. One
of the bones of the face, so called from its resem-
blance. It is an azygous b(me, forming the pos-
terior part of the septum narium. It is thin, flat,
and quadrilateral ; and is articulated, below, to
the superior maxillary and palatine bones; and
above, to the sphenoid, ethmoid, and cornets of
Bertin. It is developed by a single point of os-
sification. Also, the penis.
VOM'ICA, Pyocys'tis, from vomere, 'to vomit,'
' to cast up.' (F.) Vo7ni(/ne, Crachement de pus.
A term used by some authors for any encysted
collection of purulent matter in the interior of a
viscus. The acceptation is commonly, however,
restricted to purulent collections in the lungs,
encysted or not, which may be discharged by the
mouth, by breaking into the bronchial tubes.
Two kinds of vomictB are distinguished; the one
caused by the softening or breaking down of
pulmonary tubercles ; the other, of much more
rare occurrence, formed by a circumscribed abscess
of the lungs. Instead of opening into the bron-
chia, the abscess is sometimes discharged into the
cavity of the pleura, causing empyema.
VOMICINE
07 3
YULVA
VOMICTNE. Brucia.
VO.U/Qf'/'J, Vomica.
VOMIQl/IEU, Slrychnos nux vomica.
VOMISSEMENT, Vomiting — «. de Sang,
Ilaeinatcniesis.
VOMIT, Emetic — v. Black, Fever, yellow,
Mel sen a.
Vomit, Dry, of Marriott. A once celebrated
enielic, called 'dry,' from its having been given
without solution. It consisted of equal porticms
of tartrate of antimony and potassa, and sulphate
of cf)piier.
YUMITIF, Emetic.
VOMITINE, Emetine.
VOM'ITING, Vohi'ituK, Vomit"io, Vomit" him,
Voin'ltitm, Evuiiiit"{<>, Aiia'trupe, Em'esis, Paliiiua
vnvi' itiis, JEyritn'do veiilric'uli, Spewhiy, Ptikiiig,
^IckiienH of the Stomach, (Old Eng.) Farhrertkintj,
(Sc.) BokkiiKj, liockitxj, Braking, Biocht, (Prov.)
Hidl'nping, (vulg.) Casca'ding, Casting, (F.) Vo-
viiiseinent, from vomere, voiiiituni, 'to throw up.'
The act by which solids and liquids, contained in
the stomach, are ejected by the mouth. Vomit-
ing is the effect of some special irritation of the
nerves of the stomach, calling, by reflex action,
on the appropriate muscles to expel the contents
of the viscus. It is not accomplished solely by
the contraction of the stomach, as was for a long
time believed. That organ, indeed, assists in the
process; but the main cause is the compression
exerted upon the parietes of the viscus by the
diaphragm and abdominal muscles. Vomiting is
a symijtom common to numerous diseases. At
times, it is sympathetic, as in affections of the
kidney, uterus, brain, &c. At others, it is symp-
tomatic, as in gastritis, peritonitis, &c. When
very troublesome, it may often be palliated by
effervescent draughts, aromatics, sinapisms, or
blisters to the epigastric region, &c.
Vomiting at Pleasure, Regurgitation — v.
of Blood, Hsematemesis — v. Stercoraceous, Co-
preinesis.
VOMITIO, Vomiting— v. Sanguinis, Hxmate-
mesis.
VOMITIUM, Vomiting.
VOMITO NEGRO, Fever, yellow — v. Prieto,
Fever, vellow.
VOMITORIUM, Emetic.
VOMITORY, Emetic.
VOMITUM, Vomiting.
VOMITURIT"ION, Vomitnrit"io,Emes'ia, Dij-
semes'ia, Snbver'sio stom'nchi. Same etymon as
Vomiting. Ineffectual efforts to vomit ; Vometi'-
di conn' men ina'-ne. Retching, Reaching, Heav'-
ing, (Old Eng.) Bolke, (Se.) Dok, Bock, Braking.
Some .luthors mean, by this term, a vomiting of
but little matter, or that which is effected almost
without effort. The first acceptation is the most
general.
VOMITUS, Vomiting— v. Cruentus. Hfemate-
mesis — v. Fseculentus, Copremesis — v. Marinus,
Nausea marina — v. Navigantium, Nausea marina
V. Niger, Fever, yellow — v. Pituitosus, Blenne-
Diesis— V. Profusus, Hyperemesis— v. Purulentus,
Pyeraesis — v. Sanguinis, Htsmatemesia — v. Ster-
coris, Copremesis.
VOORARA, Curnre.
VOTIVE TABLET, Tabula votiva.
VOUACAPUA AMERICANA, Geoffrsea in-
ermis. ^
VOUSSURE PRECORDTALE, 'Prsecor-
dial arching or prominence." The elevation or
arching of the parietes of the thorax, witnessed
in certain thoracic affections, as in hypertrophy
of the heart.
VOl^TE Vault — V. Mfdnllaire, Corpus cal-
losum— .'. 'V Trois PiUero, Fornix.
VOWEL, Voca'lia, from Latin vox, vocis, 'the
voice,' and I'oco, 'to call.' (F.) Voyelle. Physi-
ologically, a continuous breath or sound, produced
in the glottis ; but more or less modified by the
form of the vocal tube, through which it has to
pasg. In the English language, a, e, i, o, u, w,
and y, are vowels.
VOX, Voice — v. Cholerica, Voice, choleric —
V. Clangosa, Oxyphonia — v. Convulsiva, Viii.e
ConvuUive — v. Nasalis, Rhinophonia — v. Rauca,
Raueedo, Raucous voice — v. Raucisona, Raucous
voice.
VOYELLE,\ovie\.
YUE, Vision — v. Bnsne, Myopia — v. Conrte,
Myopia — v. Dinme, Hemeralopi.a — v. Foilile,
Amblyopia — v. Loiigne, Presbytia — v. Louche,
Strabismus — v. Nocturne, Nyctalopia.
VULGA, Vulva.
VULNERA SCLOPETARIA, see Wound —
v. a Sclopetis, see Wound.
VULNERA IRE, Vulnerary — v. Suisse, see
Falltranck.
VULNERARITJS, Traumatic.
VUL'NERAliy, Vulnera'rius, Tranmnt'icns,
Tranmat'ic, from rubniK, vidneris, ' n wound.' (F.)
Vvlneraire. A name applied by the ancients to
medicines, which they considered capable of fa-
vouring the consoliiliition of wounds. The pro-
perty has been ascribed to various plants.
V'ULNERATIO NEKVI, Neurotrosis.
VULNERUM VINCTURA, Deligation.
VULNUS, Wound — v. Laceratum, see Lace-
ration — V. Sclopetarium, Wound, gun-shot — v.
Simplex, Cut.
VULNUSCULITM, Wound.
VULPIS MORBUS, Alopecia.
VULTUEUX (¥.). Vnltiio'stis. Corvisnrt has
used the expression, Face vidtncuse, Fa'cies viil-
tiio'sa, for the face when it is more florid and
swollen than in the natural state. This appear-
ance, which is observed in active aneurism of the
heart, according to Corvisart, is owing to the
afflux of blood into the arterial eapillarios, and
hence differs from the livid and swollen appear-
ance caused by the accumulation of blood in the
venous capillaries, constituting the Face injectee.
VULTUS, Countenance, Face — v. Tetricus et
Mcestus, Scythropasmus.
VULVA, Uterus, see Vulva.
Vulva, volva (formerly, the uterus, especially
of animals). Hortus, Cnnmis, Pnden'duni mnlie'-
hre, Siniii> piido'ris, Ictar, Choiros, Arvnm, Ihicca,
Bn!(/a, Cadiir'ciis, Cnstos, Feinen, Ait' nuhis, Femnr
sminniim, Follic'idns, Fundus, Gre'minin, Hin'tiis,
Lanii'vium, Navis, Oppid'idinn, Sjicciis, Vidga,
Cijniha, Cijsthns, Suhiis, Olitor'ium, Os'tiiim, Sul-
cus, Amphicans'tis, Concha, Parens, Porta, Inter-
femin'enm, Midie'hriii, Fossa magna rnnUc'hrts,
Episei'on, Es'charn, Hor'tidus cupid'inis, Bmiha''
lioK, Byssos, Cava, Caver'na, Delphys, Delta,
Fov'ea, Gyncp.ce'um, Loci mulie'hres. Female
pnden'dum, Female organs of generation. Fe-
male parts, (F.) Viilvc. A longitudinal opening
between the projecting parts of the external or-
gans of generation in the female, extending from
the mons veneris to the perineum, and which is
called, also. Fossa magna. Some anatomists
mean, by this term, the whole of the esfernal
genital organs of the female: — mona veneris;
labia majora, and the cleft or vestibule seiwirating
them; the clitoris; nymphue ; meatus urinarius ;
entrance of the vagina; with the hymen or the
carunculas myrtiformes, fossa navicularis and
fourchette.
Vulva, Fora'men commu'ne ante'rins, Iter sen
Ad'itus ad infundih'idnni, L seu Ad'itns ad ter'-
tinm ventric'ulum, RIma ad infnndih'ulnm, Aper-
tu'ra ante'rior ventric'uli ter'tii cer'clri. An
VULVA IRE
974
WATER
opening situate at the junction of the optic tha-
lauii, in the third venlricle of the brnin, and iin-
inedidtely beneath the anterior crus of the
fornix.
Vi'LVAIRE. Chenopodiuin vulvaria.
VULVAR, Viilvd' ris,U-on\ vidvit. Thatwhich
relates to the vulva. Chaussier •rives this name
to the external pudic arteries, bccaiiso the)- are
dislriliuted to the vulva.
Vl'LVARIA, Chemn'odium vulvaria.
177, I'A', Vulva.
VlHA'I'TIS.a hybrid word, from viilm, and ilh,
denoting' iiilhiuiiiiiitinii. Iiitliujiuintinn of llic vulvii.
VULVO-UTElllA'E CAISAL, Vagiua.
w.
WABKAN LEAVES, Plantago.
WAD, Graphites.
WAHOO, see Euonymus.
WAIR, see Pila marina.
WAISTCOAT, STRAIT, Inrhi'cula, (F.) Ca-
viisole, Gitet de force. A dress, used for restrain-
ing maniacs, or those labouring under violent
delirium. It has long sleeves, which are tied
behind the body, so that the arms cannot be ex-
tricated from them. It ought, of course, to be
made of very resisting materials.
AVAKE-ROBIN, Arum maculatum, Trillium
latifolium.
WALE, AVheaL
WALKING, Gresenn, Iiicen'sus, Deamhtiln'tio,
Amhiila'tio, B(id'ii<iii, (F.) La Marclie, /'rnyres-
eion. Sax. Pealcau, 'tovpalk.' The action by
which we change i)lace,by means of a succession
of steps in the same direction. In walking for-
wards, the centre of gravity is constantly altered ;
and a series of small, parabolic curves is de-
scribed on the heads of the thigh-bones, the ex-
tent of which is regulated by volition, under the
guidance of vision.
WALLA'CIIIA, MINERAL WATERS OF.
There are many excellent sulphureous springs in
this country, especially those at Bobotsch, Fin-
ceschti, Sibitschiudi Suz, Brasa, Otschin, Serbo-
rcschte, Kimpalungi, Kosia, and Oloneschti, Cha-
lybeate and saline springs have, also, been found
at Sibitschiudi Suz. — Siller.
WALLFLOWER, Cheiranthus cheiri.
WALLRUE, Asplonium ruta muraria.
WALL-TEETH, Molar teeth.
WALNUT, Juglans regia — w Black, Juglans
regia — w. White, Juglans cinerea.
WALTHE'RIA DOURADINHA. A plant
of Brazil, Order, Sterculiacege, which is used
there in diseases of the chest, and in venereal
affections. It is a demulcent.
WALTON, MINERAL WATERS OF. A
mineral spring near Tewkesbury, in Gloucester-
shire, England. It is an acidulous chalybeate.
WAMPEE. Peltandra Virginica.
WANGTEETH, Molar teeth.
WANT, from past participle of Sax. panian,
' to wane,' ' to fall away.' ' Need of that which is
necessary.' (F.) Beaoiu. This word is sometimes
nsed to express the imperious necessity which
impels us to take food, drink, &c. (See Hunger
and Thirst.) In a more general sense, it means
the impressions transmitted by the organs to the
brain, when it is necessary that they should act:
these wants are called innthictive dealren and iii-
teriinl sensiitiotis or xthiiidi. Such are the desires
or wants to eat, drink, void the urine, breathe
(beHiiin de respirer), &c.
Want, in the sense of indigence, (L.) Egeatan,
Iiidi</eu'tifi, is the cause of a number of diseases.
WARBURG'S FEVER-DROPS, see Bebeeru.
WARD'S ESSENCE FOR THE IIEADACH,
Linimentnm cauiphoriP compositum — w. White
Drops, see Hydrargyrl nitras.
AVARE, see Pila marina.
WARISON, Stomach.
AVARK, Pain.
AVARMBRUNN, MINERAL AVATERS OF.
Much frequented springs in Silesia, about a
league from Hirschberg. They are tliermal, 95°
to 100° Fah., and are chiefly used as baths. The
impregnating materials are carbonate of soda,
sulphate of soda, sulphate of lime, chloride of so-
dium, carbonate of magnesia, and sulphohjdrio
acid gas.
AVARM SPRINGS, see Georgia, Mineral wa-
ters of, and A'irgiiiia, Mineral waters (jf.
AVARNERA CANADENSIS, Hydrastis Cana-
densis.
AVARRENTON SPRINGS, see A'irginia, min-
eral waters of.
AVART, A''erruca — w. Corneous, Cornu — w.
Moist, Acrothymion..
AVARTY, }'er'rji<(ise, Ver'ntcoiis, Yerriico'svs,
from Sax. pear^. Full of warts. Rescuilditig,
relating, or belonging to wans.
AVauty Tt'jiouROF CicATHiuKS. A name given
by Mr. Howship to the tumour, which sometimes
appears on an old scar, manj' years, perhaps, after
the injury that caused it. The ulcer, forined
under such circumstances, has been calle<l the
viortij ulcer (if J\fnrJ<diH — having been well de-
scribed by that surgeon.
AVASII, BLACK, see Ilydrargyri submurias —
w. Phagedenic, see Hydrargyri submurias — w.
Preventive, Lotion, Hannay's — w. Red, Lotio
rubra, and Lotion, camphorated, of Bales — w.
AA'hite, Liquor plumbi subacetatis dilutus — w.
Yellow, see Hvdrargvri oxymurias.
AV A S H E k W 0 M A N ' S SCALL, Psoriasis
diffusa.
AVASHITAAV SPRINGS, see Arkansa.s min-
eral waters of.
AVASP, Vcspn, Spliex, (F.) Guepc. A genus
of gregarious insects, like the bee and the ant.
They are armed with a sting, which pours a pni-
sono\is fluid into the puncture made Ijy it. (See
Poisons, Table of) The best application is the
sp. ammoniae arotnaticus, or some jireparation of
ammonifl.
WASSERBURG, MINERAL AVATERS OF.
Wasserburg is a town of Bavaria, seated on tho
Inn, 28 miles east of MUnich. The water, called,
also, Aqito Ayii'tii, contains carb(inic acid; car-
bonates of lime and magnesia ; sulphates of limo
and magnesia; chloride of sodium, carbonate of
soda and oxide of iron.
WASl^ERKVR, Hydrosudotherapeia.
AVASTING, Consumption, Tabes.
AVATER, Sax. pjerep, (G.) AV a s s e r , ^./i/rr,
Hi/dor, 'vfti>p, Alma, (F.) Ean, Protox'ide if hy-
drageii. AVater was at one time regarded as ii
simple element. It is now known to consist of
eight parts by weight of oxygen, and one of hy-
j .irogen. It freezes at :!2°,'nnd boils at 212 of
Fahrenheit; and is taken as the unit in al) ta-
1 bles of specific gravity of solid and licjuid bub-
W A T E R
97^
W A T E R
gtnnces. Water, as we meet with it, is very dii-
fereiit in its state of purity ; generally, it contains
small quantities of Kuliiie iiialter ; at other times,
lis* in sea-water and mineral waters, it is largely
impregnated. The characters of water, as met
with under ordinary eireumstanees, are well com-
iiiired hy Celsus, "A'iiki levi'miiiiia jtlni;uilin ent ;
iti:iii<le j'onUtiKi ; tuin ex jhiinine ; tiun e.c piiteo ;
piiHl li(Bc ex nice, nut ijliit-ie ; ijriirior kin e.c liica;
ijriiviKKfiiin ex ixdiide." Pure water is one of the
host tliliients that can be used. When cold, and
e.-peoially when iced, it is one of the most useful
fL'trigerants ; and, in the form of the cold, tepid,
and warm bath, it is serviceable in numerous
diseases.
Water op Aix-LA-CHAPEr.LK, see Aix-la-Cha-
j,plle — w. Allflower, Urine, cows' — w. Alum,
L.ites's, Liquor aluminis ooinpositus — w. of car-
bonate of Ammonia, Liquor ammoniie subcarbo-
,i,ili« — w. Anise, see Pimpinella anisum — w. Ap-
ple, Apple-tree — w. Barley, Decoctura hordei.
Watkii Bed, Jlydroxtnt'ic bed. A bed, con-
trived by Dr. Arnott, which, in consequence of its
being placed on water, is well adapted for the
beilridden.
WATtiu, BiNEi.Li, Aqua Binellii.
Watku op Bittbr Almonds, Aqua Amygdala-
rum concentrata.
Wateii Bi-ebs, Pemphigus— w. Brash, Pyrosis.
Wate({, BitoccHiEKi, Aqua Brocchierii — w.
Camphor, Mistura Cauipbone.
Water Cankeh, Cancer aquaticus.
Watek, Cakawav, see Carum carui — w.
Caraway, strong, Spiritus carui — w. of Cassia,
see Laurus Cassia.
Wateii Caster, see Uromantia.
Water, Cherry Laorei,, see Prunns lauro-
cerasus— w. Chicken, Chiclien-tea— w. Chlorine,
see Chlorine — w. Cinnamon, Aqua cinnamomi —
w. Cinnamon, strong, Spiritus cinnamomi — w.
Cologne, Edit de Coloyiie.
Water Cure, Ilydrosudothcrapeia.
Water, dill, see Anetluim graveolens.
Water. Distil'led. Aqiki destUla' ta, (Y .) Eau
dhliUee, Hi/drolat, IIoli) Water, is generally or-
diied in extemporaneous prescriptions, but is
riirelv used. In some cases, however, it is abso-
hui'ly necessary ; — the water, containing any sa-
line impregnation— hard water, for example— de-
composes certain substances. Distilled water has
been recommended as a diet-drink in cancerous
affections ; and it is used in the religious ceremo-
nies of the Catholic church. In the Pharmaco-
poeia of the United States, it is directed to be
made as follows : — Take of woter, ten gallons.
First distil two pints, and throw them away ;
then distil eight gallons. Keep the distilled wa-
ter in glass bottles.
Dixtilled waters, (F.) Hi/droh,ts, consist of
common water, charged by distillation with the
volatile principles of medicinal agents. See
Aquaj destillatae.
Watf.u-doctoh, see Uromantia.
Water-dressing. The treatment of wounds
and ulcers by the a|>plication of water. It gene-
rally consists ill dipping folds of lint in water,
and placing them on the part: — the whole being
covered with oiled silk, elastic gum, or spongio-
piline. Water Htrajijjiny or wet atrnpjjiuij means
the treatment of ulcers, and certain cutaneous
atfections of the extremities, Ac, with strips of
linen or cotton saturated with water.
Water, Elder, see Sambucus — w. Ejiileptie,
of Langius, Langii aqua epileptiea — w. Feuuel,
Aqua foeniculi.
Water Flag, Yellow, Iris pseudacorus.
Water, Florida, — a celebrated perfume, —
may be made of OL Benjami f.^iv; Tim-t. hen-
zuiii. c. f^^ij ; Alcohol, cong.
AVatekphight, Hydrophobia.
Water, Goulard, Liquor plumbi subacetatis
diliitus.
Water, Hard. Common water, which de-
composes and curdles soap ; in contradistinction
to soft iBitter, which is readily niiscible with soap.
The hardness of water depends upon the pre-
sence in it of earthy salts, the most common of
which is sulphate of lime.
Water, Hell, see Toddy.
Water, Holy, Water, distilled — w. Honey,
see Mel.
Water in the Head, Hydrocephalus.
Water, Hungary, Spiritus rosmarini.
Water Jags, see Varicella.
AVater, Lake, Aqua ex lacii, (F.) Bail de lac,
is apt to be impure, from decayed animal and
vegetable matters. A great deal will, however,
depend upon the magnitude of the collection,
and the degree of stagnation.
AVater. Laurei-, see Prunns lauro-cernsus —
w. Lavender, Spiritus lavanduUe — w. Lead, Li-
quor plumbi subacetatis dilutus — w. Lenionpeel,
see Lemonpeel Tea — w. Lime. Liquor calcis — w.
Lime, compound. Liquor calcis compositus — w.
Magnesia, aerated. Magnesia, fluid — w. Magnesia,
carbonated. Magnesia, fluid.
AVater, Marsh, Aqua pnhnlo'aa, (F.) Eau de
3Iaruis, is the most impure of all. It is generally
more stagnant, and of course more loaded with
decomposing animal and vegetable matters.
Water, Medicated, see Aquae medicatae.
AVater, Mineral, Aqua minera'lin seu «o?i/'-
hrii seu medica'ta seu Sote'ria, Eons sahita'ria
seu mediea'tna seu sote'rins, (F.) Ean mhierale ou
iiiedicinate tialnrelle. AVater, holding in solution
different saline and gazeons substances in sufiS-
cient quantity to be possessed of medicinal pro-
perties, or of a temperature different from that of
the ordinary springs of the country.
The following Table by Dr. Pereira exhibits
the composition of some of the principal mineral
waters.
WATER, MINERAL
W.S
AVATEIl, iMINEUAL
c a
E 5
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977
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Potash 3.55.
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Traces of iod
Trace of iod
Alumina 5.1^
Aluniiiia 7.7'
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"WATER
978
W A T E R
Mineral wat(>rs may be divided into four
classes : — 1. Gazeoiia or Acidulous. 2. Clmlij-
heate. 3. Salhie. 4. Siilplinreoits. Tlicse may
be thermiil, or cohl, — iiatnrol, or arlljicidl.
Many of these divisions, however, run into each
other; some of the substances, which tiiey hold
dissolved, belonging to one class as well as to
another.
1. Gn'zeous, Acid'uloiis or Ciir'honated Ifin'-
eral Wnters, Soda or Beer Springs, Aipim iiiiiie-
ru'lcH acid'iilcB, (F.) E<iitx miiierales ynzeiises ou
acididen. The waters referred to this class are
those tliat contain carbonic acid gas in sucli
quiuitity as to communicate to it certain sensi-
ble qualities. Waters impregnated with free car-
bonic acid, sparlile when drawn from the spring,
or when poured into a glass. They have a sharp,
acidulous taste ; but become vapid from exposure
to the air. Along with the carbonic acid, there
are generally present portions of saline, earthy
or metallic matter, chiefly carbonates of lime,
magnesia, and iron. Waters, highly impregnated
with carbonic acid gas, are grateful to the sto-
mach; increase the appetite, and are diuretic;
hence, their utility in dyspepsia, hypochondria-
sis, and gout. Their properties are, of course,
modified by the saline matter that may be also
contained in them. The most celebrated amongst
the acidulous waters are those of Bar, Cliateldon,
St. Myon, Mont d'Or, Langcae, Seltzer, Schhin-
penbad, Sultzmatt, Pyrmont, Spa, Carlsbad,
Cheltenham, Scarborough, Saratoga, Ballston,
and the Sweet Springs of Virginia.
2. C/iiili/b'eate or Femi'rjiitous Mineral Waters,
AqiicB niinera'les ferriirjino'sai sen CIiali/hea'tcB
sen Martia' leH sei\ Ferro'Hce, Chalyhiipe'f/tp, Clinln-
hokre' n(P, Siderope'ga, Sideriikre' nm, (F.) Eaux
minerales ferrugineiises, contain iron — sulphate,
chloride or carbonate, generally the latter — lield
in solution by an excess of acid. Chalj'beate
waters have a peculiar styptic taste. They are
transparent when taken from the spring; but,
when exposed for some time to the air, a pellicle
forms on the surface, and a deposite of the iron
takes place. Chalybeate waters are used as
tonics in debility of all kinds; in all cases, in
fact, where iron is considered to be indicated.
They are the most numerous of all the classes of
mineral waters. In this dictionary, those only
are specified which have some celebrity ; yet there
are about one iiundred; more than si.xty of these
being saline, and forty sulphureous. The most
celebrated chalybeates are those of Tunbridge,
Scarborough, Spa. Bussang, Forges, Vichy, Pyr-
mont, Passy, Provins, and Vals.
.3. S'llliie Mineral Waters, AqiKP minerales sa-
li'nce, Ainna idvaliza'ta (Paracelsus,) Ifi/drdlnim,
(F.) Eanx iin'iierales salines. Waters, holding in
solution different saline substances in greater
quantity than the acidulous waters. They difl'er
in properties, acconling to the salts contained in
them. The salts usually present are sulphates,
chlorides, and carbonates: and the bases, with
which the acids forming these are comltined, are
soda, magnesia, and lime. Saline mineral waters
are usually aperient; and the most noted are
those of Seltzer, Sedlitz. Balarue. Bourbonne-les-
Jiains, Baden. Epsom, Cheltenham, <fcc.
To this class may also be added Sea water,
4. Siiljilni' reoiis Mineral Waters, Aqua mine-
rales stil/iliii'recB ; when warm, termed Tlieio-
thermcp., Theiape'ga;, Thenther'mcB, Fmites snlp/in'
rei cal'idi, (F.) Eaux minerales sni/nretises ou
f'dfnrees ou snl/nreiises ou hejxitiqnes, <fec. These
waters owe their distinguishing character to an
impregnation of sulphuretted hydrogen, and are
nt once recognised by their peculiar fetid smell,
resembling that of rotten eggs. They usually
contain taline substances, which modify their
powers. From the action of the sulphuretted hy-
drogen, they are useful in cutaneous atVeeli<ii]> ;
and, from the combined action of this and iho
saline matter, they are valuable agents in dis-
eases of the digestive organs. They are al.vo
employed in cutaneous eruptions; and the warm
sulphur baths have been especially celebrated in
such cases, as well as in rheumatic att'ections.
The most renowned sulphureous waters are those
of Bareges, Bagneres-de-Luibon, Cautercts, Boii-
nes, Aix in Savoy, Aix-la-Chapelle, Enghien,
Harrogate, Motfat, Virginia Springs, kc.
Some springs, us those of ISath, Buxton, I)ax,
Matlock, Warm and Hot Springs of \'irginia,
<fec., are almost pure Thermtd Mineral Waters.
They are valuable agents in rheumatic att'ec-
tions; the warn)th being equable during Iho
whole period the individual is immersed in theui ;
which cannot be the case in the artificial thermal
bath.
Water, Mineral, Acidulous water, simple.
Waters, Mineral, Artii'ical, (F.J Eanx
minerales artificielles ou /actives. These are imi-
tations of the natural; and some of them — as
the factitious Cheltenham water, and Sedlitz
water — answer the purpose of the natural water
tolerably well. The acidulous and chalybeate
waters are, however, most easily imitated.
Water, Nutmeg, Spiritus myristica?.
Water Pang, Pyrosis — w. Parsnep, creeping.
Slum — w. Pennyroyal, spirituous, Spiritus pulegii
— w. Peppermint, Aqua menthaj piperita; — w.
Pimento, see Myrtus pimenta.
Water Pox, see Varicella.
Water, Protoxide of Nitrogen, Aqua nitro-
genii protoxydi.
Water Purpie, Veronica beccabunga — w.
Qualm, Pyrosis.
Water, Rain, Aqua pnlvia'lis seu plu'ria seu
im'hriiim, (F.) Ean de pluie, when collected at a
distance from houses or other elevated object.s, is
the purest natural water, and has the least spe-
cific gravity. The only bodies which it usually
holds in solution, are carbonic acid, and luinulo
traces of carbonate of lime and chloride of cal-
cium.
Water, Rice, see Oryza.
Water, River, Aqua Jluviat'ilis, is derived
from the conflux of numerous sjjrings and rain
water. It is, generally, pretty pure.
Water, Rose, Aqua rosas.
AVater, Sea, Aqna Mari'na, Humor Dor'idis,
(F.) Eau de Mer, Ean salee. This contains
chlorides of sodium, magnesium, and calcium,
and sulphate of magnesia. It is cathartic, and
forms the usual glyster at sea. It makes an excel-
lent tonic bath: superior in most cases — especi-
ally in scrofula — to the fresh- water bath.
Water, Searle's Patent Oxygenoi's Aer-
ated, Aqua Nitrogenii protoxydi — w. Seyds-
chiitz, Sedlitz water.
Water Shield, Brasenia hydropeltis.
Water, Snow, Aqua niva'ta, (F.) Ean de nelge,
has usually been deemed unwholesome. It ex-
actly resembles rain water in composition, and is
equally salubrious.
Water, Soda, Acidulous water, simple — w.
Soft, see Water, hard — w. Spearmint, Aqua
menthae viridis.
Water, Spring, Aqna fontn'na. Hydrope'qe,
(F.) Ean de fontaine, contains, in addition to tiie
substances detected in rain water, more or less
sulphate of lime. When, this is to such an ex-
tent as to curdle soap, the water is said to tie
hard; if not, soft. Hard water is, of course,
inferior to soft, for domestic and medicinal pur-
poses.
Water Strapping, see Water dressing.
Water, Styptic, Sydenham's, Solutio sul-
WATTWEILER
979
WEIGHTS
phatis cupri cotnposita— w. Tar, see Pinus sylves-
tris — w. Toast, see Toast- water.
Wateh Taught, Brasenia hyJropeltis.
AVatbk, AVkli-, Ai/iKi puteu'liH seu puten'nn
gcu ex pii'tco, (F.) Eon de p,nt ou de source, is
tiie suiiie as spring water, but liable to impregna-
tion, owing to the land springs filtering into the
wells, and eonveying impurities into them.
Watkhs, The, Liquor Amnii — w. Bag of. see
Liquor Amnii — w. Discharged or broken, Profusio
miuae — w. Distilled, Aquae destillatue — w. First,
Priniitiai — w. (Jreen, see Lochia.
WATTWEILKR, MINERAL WATERS OF.
AVattweiler is a small town in the department of
llaut-Rliin, at the f(jot of the Vosges. The wa-
ters are acidulous chalybeates, and contain car-
bonates of iron, lime, and soda, chloride of
Boilium, and free carbonic acid.
WAX, Cera — w. Ear, Cerumen.
WAX. MYRTLE. A wax obtained from the
fruit of Mi/ri'ca ceri/'era. It has been prescribed
in dysentery.
Wax, Ykllow and White, Cera flava et alba.
WAXING KERNELS, Waxen-kerveh, Cres-
ecn'ticB, (F.) Croisnaiices, Cioissuutu, Glandea de
ci-uisHance. A popular term for small tumours,
formed by an enlargement of the lymphatic
glands — in the groins of children particularly.
They have been looked upon as connected with
the growth of the body, — hence their name.
WAY, Saxon paej, Vin, Passage, Odoa, (F.)
Vote. A name given to different canals.
WAYBREAD, Plantago major.
AVAYS, DIGES'TIVE, ni<iest!ve Pas' sages,
PiiiiKB Vi(B,{F,) Voies digestives, Premieres vuies,
are the series of hollow organs of digestion, com-
posed of mouth, oesophagus, stomach, and small
and largo intestines. The term is often restricted
to the first three of these.
Ways, Second, Second Passages, Secuti'dcB
^ia:, (F.) Secoiides voies, comprise the chyliferous,
lymphatic and blood vessels.
WEAKSIGIITEDNESS, Asthenopia.
WEAL, Wheal.
WEAM, Abdomen, Uterus,
WEAM-ILL, Colic.
WEANING, from Saxon penan, 'to wean;'
Abiitcta'tin, Apoga/actis'iinis, (Prov.) Spaiiiiig,
(F. ) Secrnge. The act of depriving the infant,
permanently, of the breast, in order to feed it on
other atid more solid nourishment.
Weaning Biiash, see Brash, weaning.
WEARING, Consumption.
WEATHERCOCKS, Impatiens.
WEB. Caligo, Pterygium — w. Muscular, Pan-
nieulus carnosus.
AVEB-EYE, Caligo.
WEBBED FINGERS. Dactylion.
WEBERIAN CORPUSCLE, see Ejaculatory
Duets — w. Organ, see Ejaculatory Ducts.
WED(tED, (D.) wegghe, Tudn'sus, TithcB'-
reiis, (F.) EnchirJ. The head of the foetus is said
to be wedged, locked or impacted in the pelvis,
when it remains fi.xed, notwithstanding the ute-
rine efforts.
The condition is called Liciinea'tio seu Incln-
ro'tio futds, Spheiio'ais, {F.) Eiielavemetit. See
I'aragotnphosis.
WEEBO, Senecio Jncobaea.
WEED, see Mastitis— w. Arrow. Sagittaria va-
riabilis— w. Beetle, Gala.x aphylla— w. Breast,
Sa<irurus cernuus — w. in the Breast, see Mas- i
titis — w. Butter, Erigeron Canacionse — w. Can-:
cer, (xoodyera puheseens — w. Dyer's. Reseda ;
luteola w. Field, Anthemis cotula — w. Horse, i
Erigeron Canadense — w. Horsefly, Sophora tinc-
toria — w. Milk, Apocynum androsaemifolium —
w. Phthisis, Ludwigia palustris — w. Pride, Eri-
geron Canadense — w. Silver, Potentilla nnserina
— w. Soldiers', ALitico — w. Thimble, Bmlbeckia
laciniata — w. Wind, Asclepias tuberosa.
AVEEPING, Fletus— w. Tear, Tear.
AVEESEL, Trachea.
AVE ID, see Mastitis.
AA'EIGIIT, from Saxon, psesan, 'to weigh;'
(F.) Pesauteur. A sensation of heaviness or
pressure over the whole body, or over a part —
the stomach or head, for exami)le.
AVEIGHTS AND MEASURES, Pon'dera et
ilensu'rm, (F.) Puids et Mesures. The importance
of possessing a uniform system of weights and
measures has impressed the scientific of all coun-
tries, and numerous endeavours have been made
to accomplish the object. It is, however, a mat-
ter of considerable difJiculty, and one not likely
to be attained. The new French measures are
upon decidedly the best footing, but they are not
adopted out of France. The greatest diversity
prevails over Europe in the measures, both of
weight and capacity. Some of the following
tables will show, that every subdivision of the
pound, as well as the pound itself, differs in Eng-
land and in France.
WEIGHTS.
Troy Weight, as used bi/ the British Apothecaries.
— Potidus pharmaceu'ticuiii seu mediciiude.
( 12 ounces.
I 8 drachms.
The pound lb "|
The ounce ^ |
The draclim ^ }■ contains -j .3 scruples.
The scruple'^ | | 20 grains.
The grain gr. J |_
These, and the signs by which they are denoted,
are the same in all the British Pharmacopoeias,
as well as in the American.
lb. Oz. J>rachms. Scrvp. Grs.
1 = 12 = 96 = 288 = 5760
1 = 8 = 24 = 480
1 = 3 = 60
1 = 20
Poids de Marc.
ains ■'
16 ounces.
8 drachms,
contains-' 3 scruples.
1 24 grains.
Avoirdupois.
Pound. Ounces. Drachms. Troy grains,
lb. 1. = 16 r: 256 = TOoiJ
1 =: 16 = 4:;7o
1 i= 27-34375
The avoirdupois drachm is sometimes divided
into three scruples, and the scruple into ten
grains. The pound of 7680 grains jivoirdupois
= 7000 grains troy, and hence 1 grain troy =
•97 grain avoirdupois.
The Poids de Marc is that employed by the
French Pharmaciens, when the new weights are
not. The Avoirdupois is now used by the Dublin
College.
The following tables exhibit the relative value'
of the old French and English weights:
Poids de Marc. Tmy H7. Jraird. Troy grs.
1 pd (livre) = l-HVi'S/fi = 1-0SM4.S» =: 75fil
loz. (once) = •9S4504«j = lOSOllooz =: 472-5625
1 dr. (gros.) = •954604u'r = 590703125
1 gr. = -820421
WEIGHTS
980
WEIGHTS
Troy. raids de Marc. French grains.
1 pound = 0-76180 Ih. — 7561
1 ounce =r 1-Olo74 once = 585-083
1 drBchm =. 1-0157 -4 ^rros = 73135
1 gnviu 1-219
Avoirdupois. Poids de Marc. French grains.
1 pound = 0-925803 lb. = 85323
1 ounce = 0-925803 once = 533-27
To convert French grains into Troy "V
grains, divide by I ,.9100
« Troy grains into French f ^ '^^^^
grains, multiply by )
" French ounces into Troy ^
ounces, divide by [ ■•.mrnoA
« Troy ounces into French [ •'"■'O'"^'*
ounces, multiply by J
" French pounds (paids de "1
marc) into Troy pounds,
multiply by I 1-31268
" Troy pounds into French
pounds, divide by J
Foids de Marc or
Troy grain. French grain.
1 = 1-219
2 = 2-438
3 = 3-657
4 = 4-876
6 = 6-095
6 = 7-314
7 = 8-533
8 = 9-752
9 = 10-971
French grain. Troy grain.
1 = 0-8203
2 = 1-6406
3 = 2-4609
4 = 3-2812
5 =: 4-1015
6 = 4-9218
7 = 5-74-21
8 = 6-5C-24
9 = 7-3827
New French Dfcimal or Iletrical Weights.
Troy grains.
Milligramme = -0154
Centigramme := -1543
Decigramme = 1-5434
Gramme rr 15--1340 lb. oz. dr. gr.
Deca'-'ramme = 154-3402 =002 34-4
Heotogriunme = 1543-4023 = 0 3 1 44-4
Kilogramme = 15434-0-234 = 2 8 1 24
Myriagramme = 154340-2344 = 26 9 6 0
Compnrntive Value 0/ the French Medicinal
Pound and that 0/ other Places.
lbs. oz. dr. gr.
Germany 0 15 4 48
Amsterdam 1 00 0 42
Belgium 1 00 0 42
Berne 1 00 0 00
Copenhagen 0 15 3 20^/^
Florence 0 11 0 50 divided into 12 oz.
Genoa 0 10 5 60 do. into 12 oz.
Geneva 1 00 0 18
Hamburg 0 15 2 15
Lisbon 0 15 7 68
London 0 12 3 12 divided into 12 oz.
Madrid 0 15 0 16
Milan 0 9 3 00
Monaco 0 15 2 23
Naples 0 10 7 54 divided into 12 oz.
Paris 1 00 0 00 divided into 16 oz.
Rome 0 11 0 50 do. into 12 oz.
Stockholm 0 13 7 8
United States ... 0 12 3 12 divided into 12 oz.
Warsaw 1 10 4 24
Tonice 0 8 6 00
Vienna 1 2 2 32
MEASURES OF CAPACITr.
English Measure of Fluids.
The gallon {cimgius).
Ihepint (octarius).. 0
Thefluidounce f,^ . contains <
Thefluidrachm f,^
The minim Tl\^_
8 pints.
16 fluidounces.
8 fluidrachms.
60 minims.
Proportions 0/ the Apothecaries' and Wine Gallon.
Gal. Pints. Fluidoz. Fluidr. Minims. Cub. inches.
1 = 8 = 128 = 1024 = 61440 = 231
1 = 16 = 128 = 7080 = 28-875
1 = 8 = 480 = 1-8(147
1 = 60 = -2250
Imperial JIfeasure, adopted by tne London Col-
lege in their Pharmacopoeia of lb36.
Gallon. J
Pints
Fluidounces. Fluidr.
Minims.
1 =
8
1
= 160 = 1280
= 20 = 160
1 = 8
1
= 76800
= 9600
=: 480
= 00
Comparative Value of the Proportions of the
Wine and Imperial Gallons.
Wine.
Pints
Imperial.
Fluidoz. Fluidr.
Minims.
1 gallon = 6
1 pint =
1 fluidounce =
1 Huidrachm =
13
16
1
2
5
0
1
23
18
20
2J^
Imperial.
Gallon.
Wine.
Pint. Fluidoz. Fluidr
Minims.
1 gallon =: 1
1 pint =
1 fluidounce =
1 fluidrachm =:
1
1
9 6
3 1
7
8
38
41
68
French Measures of Capacity.
English cubic inches.
Wine Measure.
Millilitre
= -061028 =
16-2318 minims.
Centilitre
= -610280 =:
2-7053 fluidrachms.
Decilitre
=: 6-102800 =
3-3816 fluiOounccs.
Litre
= 61-028000 =
21135 pints.
Decalitre
=: 61O-28O00O =
2-6419 gallons.
Hectolitre
= 6102 800000
Kilolitre
= 61028-000000
Myrialitre — 610280-000000
Approximate comparison betu:ecn the ancient
French Pleasures of Capacity, and the new,
and conversely.
Grammes. Litres. Decilitres. Centilitres.
1 poisson = 125 or 0 1 2
1 demi-setier = 250 or 0 2 5
1 cliopine zz 500 or 0 5 0
Ipinte — 1000 or 1 0 0
Grammes, lbs. oz. dr. gr.
1 ceniilitre — 10 or 0 0 23^ 00
1 decilitre = 100 or 0 3 2 00 [pints.
1 litre =1 1000 or 2 0 3 36 = 2-113 Eng. wine
Hfeasures of Length.
Inches.
1 line, the 12th part of an inch.
3 barleycorns I'OOO
A palm or hand's breadth (Scripture mea-
sure) 3-648
A 7ia«rf (horse measure) 4-000
A span (Scripture measure) 10-944
Afoot 12-000
A cubit (Scripture measure for common
purposes) 18-000
A cubit (Scripture measure for sacred pur-
poses) 21-888
A Flemish ell 27-000
A yard 3 ft. 00
An Englishell 3 " 09
A fathom OT toise 6" 00
New French Ifeasures of Length.
English inches.
Millimetre 0-039
Centimitre 0-393
Decimetre 3-937
yd.
/<•
inch
Miire 39371 =
1
0
3-37
WEIGflTS
981
VALUES OP THR ORKCIAN, noMA^, AND ARABIAN
WEIGHTS AND MEASUUES IN I-OIDS DE MARC.
1. Weights of the Ancient Greeka.
lbs. oz. dr. gr.
The ta7fn< (TaXavrov) 54 2 b 2\
The mna (i,va) 14 3 40
The drachm (Spaj^lt,)) 1 n
The obolu.^ (o0oXus) 13
The ce.ration (Kcpariov) 4
The chakiis (•^aXxovs) 2
The se2>l<m (aeirrov) 1/
WEIGHTS
2. Weiffhts of the Ancient Romans.
oz. dr.
The prmnd (libra) 10 6
The ounce (uncia) '.'..'.'.'.'. 7
The dudia 2
The sicilicus 1
The sextula .'.."...'...'..." 1
The consular denier. denariu.<! 1
The imperial denier or drachm, drachma .".....". 65
The victoriatui 37
Tlie scriptulum or scruple .........'. 21
The obolus 11
The siliqua „ .'....!!!!!!!.'.!!....!!!!!! 4
The Greeks divided their obolus into chaici
and lepta: some divided it into 6 chaici, and
each chalcus into 7 lepta; others into 8 chaici,
and every chalcus into 8 lepta or tninuta.
Dr. Milligan, in his edition of CeL=us, gives the following table, exhibiting the Troy weight of
measures of capacity and of weight in use amongst the Romans.
IPrna. Libra.
Amphora 2 = 80
Urna 1 = 40
Conpu.s % — \Q
Sextarius 1^
Libra 1
Ilcmina
Vhcia.
: 960
: 480
: 120
20
12
Denarius. Scrnpulus.
- 6720 =: 20160
= 10080
= 2540
, , 84-7 =
AcetamiMim 21-7 =
^i'sijiii-cyathu.s 2 1-7 =r
Cyalhus '" j .3.7 —
f^cscuncia \\/ —
i^"<ia ::::::::::::::: /^ =
Cochleare
Drachma
Denarius !.........
Scrupulus ..'.'..'.'........
5'crupulus diniidiatus ''\/ ~
Olwlus /2 -
Sextans !'3!^"!!!^!^.^^["!!"!!!!!!!!!'^"!!1
Chalcus
3.360
840
140 =
84 =
60 =
15 =
15 =
10 =
101^ =
7 =
... 1 =
420 =
252 =
180 =r
45 =
45 =r
30 =
31^ =
21 =
Sextans.
= 40320
= 26160
= 5040
= 840
604
SCO
90
90
60
63
42
15
Chalcus.
= 403200
= 210000
= 60400
= 8400
= 5040
= 3600
= 900
= 900
= 600
= €30
= 420
= 150
= 60
— 60
= 20
=: 10
=: 10
— 10
1
Grana.
4204S0
210240
62920
8760
5256
3759
939
939
626
657
438
1.56
62 4-7
62 4-7
202^
1014
11-30
lie gives also the following ' Carmen Jl/nemoni-
cutii,' which e-\liibits the analogies of the Roman
and British imperial weights.
CTo tt)c conflfiLs nnlJ flallon, carl), ten pounlrs
allulu,
(Dn tlje biL^ftrl an"a nmj)l)ora Etflhtn bcstoto ;
i\oine'.s 4)ouutr, as in Eton iUEiflljt, fluclbe
ounces obtafns,
But l)cr ounce is SH)ofr1iupof.s, .strfctlj, In
Jirnins :
ZDenarff ^)i-am,s, scruples .scniplf tieffnc,
Sfptarfus anstoers to our bottle of lufne,
Qnli tl)e mna's a st)oct pint — fourteen ounces
in fine.
3. Weights said to be of the Arabians, Ifodern
Greeks, and Latins of the barbarous periods of
the Jliddle Ages,
oz. dr.
The alcheminn 14 3
The manes or ominns 10 6
Sacrns, aiKjhhen, ailar, assatil 7
The great or rnyal nut 3
The sextariits. stater 3
The Usser nut 2
AUoranus 2
Aureus, Alcnbolus 2
The hazel nut. bemlneate, hnlca, alchi, dar-
rhimi. alminchilnf. nlnqinat. nabach 1
The acorn, lupine. Fi/ypti(in or Si/rian bean,
the bachit
The .Alexandrian bean or tre.messis
The Greek bean or gramme, the kermet. go-
num, harmi, gracchtis
The ring, cumulus, seminet, onolosich, ono-
lossat
The danich
The kirat, alK-Oat, kararit
1. Greeh Ileasures.
lbs. oz. dr. gr.
The metrefes (i^cTptjrm) 84 4 3
The chus, choa, congius (^ovs) 7 0 2
The Testes (^tarrii) 117
The co/yte (icoruAi?) 8 7
The tela rtrin (TiTaprov) 4 3
The oxybaphon {o(,vBai(iov) 2 1
The cyaihos {KvaSoi) 1 4
The concha (Koyxn) 6
The mystrnn {iiv(rTpov) 3
The chama miywr (xiixr]) 2
The cochliarion (KoX^iapiov) 1
2. Roman Measures of Capacity.
00
66
44
58
65
69
00
00
00
00
00
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
lbs. oz. dr. gr.
amphora or cad us 56 2
wnn 28 1
cnngiu^ 7 Q
.vxtarius 1 4
hem in a .
quarlarius
acetabulum
cyatlius or small glass,
ligula OT spoon/ id
3. Measures said to be of the Arabian, Arabist,
and Latin Physicians of the Middle Ages.
lbs. oz. dr. gr.
The mis.mhaos vrei^heH 3 8 1 33
Jben. lirt. ejub. elie.ria. or Roman mina, 1 6 0 00
The phial, huffilius, or hassHinvs 10 1 18
The calix or rejelati 8 0 44
The hundful.pugiUum, cnrntisum 3 2 68
The hassnf. aesasse, or anesime 2 4 20
The conos or coalus, alcantus or abnunesi,
brialc cudbus 1 5 34
The lesser bachates 5 56
The largest sjwoii/ul 4 44
A spoonful 1 52
The colanos or retlanarium 1 2S
A small sjMionful or JIagerina. or cyanes, 1 11
The smallest spoon/td or fuJuiliel 42
WEILBACII
982
WHITLOW
A good section on weights and measures is
contained in the edition of " The Seven Books
of Paulas ^13s>neta," by Mr. Francis Adams,
published by the Sydenham Society of London,
vol. iii. p. 609, London, 1847.
Besides the weights and measures above men-
tioned, employed by the moderns, there are modes
of estimating the quantities of substances by ap-
proximation. For example : —
A gliissfid or cupful, ( (F.) Verre,) is reckoned to
contain 4 or 6 fluidouiices.
A roine-glaasfid, \\ ounce or two ounces.
A table-spoonful, ( (F.) Cailler a bouche,) about
half an ounce.
A coffee or dessei-t-spoonful, about 3 drachms.
A tea-spootifid, a fluidrachra.
A handful, main'pulus, ( (F.) Poignee,) as much
as can be held in the hand.
The Puyillim { (F.) Piucee) is as much as can be
held by the three fingers.
These last quantities are occasionally prescribed
by the French practitioners. Their weights must,
of course, vary, according to the article. The
authors of the Parisian codex have valued them,
as regards certain substances.
JiVench.
nz. dr.
A JlfanjpuJMS of barley weighs 3 2\^
" linseed 1 4
" linseed meal 3 3
" dried mallow leaves 1 3
" dried eiibnry leaves 1 0
" flowers of the tilia 1 2}^
dr. scr. gr.
A PuffiRus of chamomile flowers weighs 2
" arnica 1 2
" marsh-mallow 1 1
" mallow 60
" fennel seeds 1 60
« aniseed 1 J^ 60
A hen's egg, newly laid, weighs about 2 ounces
and 2 drachms: when deprived of its shell, 2
ounces. The lohite weighs 1 ounce, 2 drachms,
and 67 grains : the yolli, 5 drachms and 15 grains.
WEILBACH, MINERAL WATERS OF. The
village of Weilbach is in the plain between the
Maine and the southern extremity of the Tau-
nus hills. It has in its neighbourhood a cold
sulphureous alkaline spring, the water of which
is bottled and exported, although not of great
efficacy. Its use is at times combined with that
of the saline springs in Nassau, and of Baden-
Baden, in various chronic abdominal and thoracic
affections.
WEINTRAUBENKUR, Grape cure.
AVELCOME TO OUR HOUSE, Euphorbia
cyparissias.
WELD, Reseda luteola.
WELK, Whelk. An inequality; a protube-
rance ; a cutaneous eruption of this character.
Acne.
WELTER'S BITTER, Acid, carbazotic.
V/EM, Abdomen, Uterus.
WEMDING, MINERAL WATERS OP. These
waters are situate about four leagues from Donau-
worth in Bavaria. They contain sulphuretted hy-
drogen ; carbonates of lime, magnesia, and soda;
sulphates of lime and magnesia; a little chloride
of calcium, and oxide of iron; and are much used
in astlfenic diseases.
WEN, Sax. pen, Lu'pia, Tumour, (F.) Loup.
A name given to circumscribed, indolent tumours,
without inflammation or change of colour of the
skin. They may be met with in almost every
part of the body. Their magnitude, as well as
nature, is very variable. The term is sometimes
given to an encysted tumour, and to bronchocele.
WESTERN ISLANDS, Azores.
WEST INDIES, (CLIMATE OF.) The cli-
mate of the West Indies has long been regarded
as favourable to the consumptive. In confirmed
consumption, it a])pears, however, to be positively
injurious. As a prophylactic for tho.-ie i)rcdis-
posed to consumption, it is generally fjivourabie.
The nature of the patient's constitution, in re-
gard to the effects of elevated temperature, hiis
always to be taken into account. In discuses
that are benefited bj' warm climates, the West
Indies afford an appropriate residence. The
islands in which the invalid can best obtain all
the advantages of the climate, are Jamaica, Bar-
badoes, St. Vincents, Antigua, St. Kitts, and
Santa Cruz.
WEST'S SPRING, see South Carolina, mine-
ral waters of.
AVET STRAPPING, see AVater dressing.
AVHAIIOO, see Euonymus.
AVHEAL, Weal, Wale, Pomphus. A ridge,
or elevation of the skin, produced by a rod or
whip; or as if produced in that. manner. Such
elevations are seen in urticaria.
AVIIEAT, Triticum — w. Indian, Zea mays — w.
Turkey, Zea mays.
AVIIEEZE, (Prov.) Rezzh, Rax. hpeoron,
formed probably, like rvhiz and whinper, from ttie
sound it expresses. To breathe with difficulty
and noise, as in asthma.
AVIIELK, Acne, AA^elk — w. Chin, Sycosis — w.
Rosy, Gutta rosea.
AA'HETLEBONES, Vertebrae.
AVIIEY, Serum lactis.
Whey-Cure, (G.) Molkenkur. In the Kur-
saal of many of the German watering places, a
space is set apart for whey drinkers. The whey
is a pleasant diluent, and the saccharine matter
it contains may act as a eutrophic ; but the main
effect on the valetudinarian is probably produced
by the new impressions made upon him by his
visit to the watering place.
AVhey, Mustard, see Sinapis — w. Rennet, see
Serum lactis — w. Sack, AVine-whey — w. Tamarind,
see Tamarindus — w. Vinegar, see Acetum — w.
AVine, AVine-whev.
WHIFFING MURMUR, see Murmur, respi-
ratory.
AVillG, Buttermilk, Serum lactis.
AVHIMBERRY, A^accinium myrtillus.
AVHISKY, see Spirit. A spirituous liquor ob-
tained from oats, potatoes, <fec., by distillation.
AVhisky Liver, Liver, nutmeg.
WHISPER, CAVERNOUS, see Cavernous.
WHIS'PERING ; evidently an example of ono-
matopoeia [hooisp'ering), Susurra'lio, Sunnrra'-
tion. Articulation of the air sent through the
vocal tube without any action of the glottis.
AVhispering Souffle, see Souffle.
AVHISTLING, Sifflement, see lidle mhilant.
WHITE BALL, Cephalanthus occidentalis— w.
Blisters, Rupia escharotica.
AViiiTE, Flake, Plumbi subcarbonas.
AA'hite Leaf, Pyrola maculata, Spirit" a tomen-
tosa — w. Leg, Phlegmatia dolens — w. Matter of
the brain, see Cerebrum — w. Root, Angelica
lucida, Asclepias tuberosa, Ligusticum actaeifo-
lium.
AVhite, Spanish, Bismuth, subnitrato of.
White Substance of Schwann, see Nerve
fibre — w. Sulphur, see A''irginia, mineral waters
of — w. Swelling, Ilydrarthus — w. Swelling of
lying-in women, Phlegmatia dolens — w. AVeed,
Chrysanthemum leueanthemum — w. Wood, Lirio-
dendron, Tilia Americana.
AVHITENESS OF COMPLEXION, Paleness.
WHITES, THE, Leucorrhoea.
WHITLEYA STRAMONIFOLIA, Anisodus
luridus.
AVHITLOAV, Paronychia.
"VVIIOOPING-COUGII
983
WINE
WII001'[Xn. COUGH, Pertussis.
AVIIOKIA'WORT, Lcptan.lria purpurea.
WIIORTLKBKHRY, Vaecinium inyrtillus,
Viiccimuiu vilis idsea — w. Bears', Arbutus uva
ursi.
WIIORTS. BLACK. Vaecinium inyrtillus.
WIIYTT'S DISEASE, Hydrocephalus in-
terims.
WIDOW-WAIL, Cneorum tricoccum. Daphne
Alpirui.
WIESBADEN, MINERAL AVATERS OF,
see Wi>hi\(len.
WIESSAU, MINERAL WATERS OF. These
Witters are situate about four leagues from the
convent of Waldsassen in Bavaria. They contain
carbonic acid; carbonates of lime and magnesia;
chlorides of calcium, magnesium, and aluminium ;
carbonate of soda, and much oxide of iron. The
Bavarians consider them to resemble the waters
of Pyrinont.
WILD, Sax. pil«, (D.) Wild. An epithet
given to the countenance, when not in harmony
with the condition of the individual, and indica-
ting strong mental emotion ; — a wild look, (F.)
J'lii/Hi'dijiioiiile ei/(irfe.
WILDBAD, MINERAL WATERS OP. Wild-
bad is a small town of W^urtemberg, three Ger-
man miles from Baden-Baden. It is much fre-
(pientcd as a watering-place. The water is ther-
mal, from 95° to 100° of Fahr., and is much em-
ployed in cases in which thermal waters are indi-
cated. It is used internally, a pint not con-
taining more than a grain of solid ingredients,
which consists of salts of soda and lime. The
propiirtion of carbonic acid gas is very small.
WILDFIRE, Erysipelas.
Wii.DFiiiK Rash, Ignis sylvaticus.
WILDUNGEN, MINERAL W^ATERS OF.
Wildungen is situate a few miles from Cassel in
Germany. In its neighbourhood are several mi-
neral springs; the chief of which, according to
Stucke, contain a bituminous matter; chloride
of sodium and sulphate of soda; carbonate and
sulphate of lime, &c. They are used, chiefly, as
refrigerants.
WILL, Voluntas.
WILL AN, Salix.
WILLOW, Salix— w. Herb, Common, Lythrum
salicaria — w. Herb, great, Epilobium angustifo-
lium — w. Herb, purple, Lythrum salicaria — w.
Herb, purple veined, Epilobium coloratum.
WiM.ow, Low-bush, Sali.x humilis — w. Speck-
led, Salix humilis — w. Red, Cornus sericea — w.
Rose, Cornus sericea — w. Sweet, Myrica gale.
WIND, Sax. pint), (an example of onomato-
poiea — ooiii(l) V^entii/i, An'emos, (F.) Veut. W'inds
exert considerable influence on the animal econo-
my ; acting by their temperature, which neces-
sarily modifies that of the circumambient air, as
well as by their moisture or dryness, and by the
emanations of different kinds, which they trans-
port to greater or less distances. The winds
which blow over a considerable extent of country,
are dry and serene: those which come from the
ocean are moist and chilly.
Wind, see Flatulence.
M'iNn OP A Ball. A term applied to the com-
pression of air, supposed to be produced by the
passage of a ball near a part of the bodj', so as
to occasion what has been called a wind eoiitu-
sin)i.
AViNn CovTiTSiov, see Wind of a Ball — w.
Dropsy, Emphysema, Tympanites — w. Flower,
Anemone w. Pipe. Trachea — w. Root, Asclepias
tuliorosa — w. AVoed, Asclepias tuberosa.
WINDINESS, Flatulence.
AVINDY, F/'ifiilen'tim, Flal'ulent, Va'poroiin,
(E.) Venteiuc, Flatueux. That which causes wind
or flatulence ; also, that which is caused by wind
or flatulence ; as windy food, windy colic, <tc.
Also, one affected with flatulence, or who is
'troubled with the wind.'
AVINE, Sax. pin, (G.) AVein, originally, per-
haps, from oivoi, (Enos, Vinum, fti&v, Metliii, (F.)
17)1. A name given by chymists to all liquors
that have become spirituous by fermentation.
The term is generally, however, restricted to the
fermented juice of the grape, or of fruits, the pro-
duct of whose fermentaticjn resembles, in almo^t
all respects, that of the juice of the grape. AVine
is composed of alcohol; saccharine matter; malic
acid; tartaric acid ; bitartrate of potxissa; acetic
acid ; an extractive colouring matter, more or less
bitter, and partly resinous ; and sometimes of an
aromatic substance. The extractive colouring
matter is chiefly met with in red wines. All these
constituents, except the alcohol, are found ready
formed in the grape. The alcohol proceeds from
the decomposition of the saccharine matter. A
part of the acetic acid is also formed during fer-
mentation.
The following table, drawn up by Mr. Brande,
exhibits the quantity of spirit in different kinds
of wine and liquors. It is proper, however, to
remark, that many of these wines are prepared
for the London market, and are more brandied, or
"reinforced," than the same varieties sold in the
United States. This is strikingly the case with
port. Dr. Henderson, too, has remarked, that
some of the wines analyzed by Mr. Brande were
mixed with a considerable quantity of adventi-
tious alcohol. Dr. Henderson's additions and
corrections have the letter 11. affixed.
Proportion op Alcohol, s. g. 0'825, in oxe hundred
PARTS BY MEASURE OF THE FOLLOWING WiNES, AND JIaLT
AND Spirituous Liquors.
1. Lissa 26-47
Do 24-35
Average, (a) 25-41
2. Kaisin Wine 2640
Do 25-77
Do 23-20
Average, 25-12
3. Marsala 26-03
Do 2505
Average, (6) 25-09
4. Port — average of six kinds 23-48
Do. — hiijhcst 25-K3
Do. — lowest 21-40
5. Madeira 24-42
Do 23-93
Do. (Sercial) 21-45
Do 19-24
Average, 2227
6. Currant Wine 20-55
7. Sherry 19-81
Do 19-83
Do 18-79
Do 18-25
Average, 19-17
8. TenerifTe 19-''9
9. Colares 19-75
10. Lacrvma Christi 19-70
11. Constantia— white 1975
red (c) 18-92
12. Lisbon 18-94
13. Malaga 18-94
14. Buccilas 18-49
15. Red .Madeira 22-.';0
Do 18-40
Average, 20-35
10. CapcSlusoat 18-25
17. Cape Madeira 2'2-94
Do. 20-50
Do 18-11
Average. 2051
18. Grape Wine 1811
19. Calcavella 19-2>1
Do 18-10
Average, 18-65
20. Vidonia 1925
21. Alba Flora l"-26
(a) 15-90 U. (6) 18-40 H. (c) 14-50 H.
WINE
984
WISBADEN
22. Malaga 1726
23. White Hermitage 17-43
•24. Koussillon 1900
Do 17-26
Average, 18-13
25. Claret 17-11
Do 16-32
Do 14-08
Do 12-91
Average, (d) 15-10
26. Malmsey Madeira 16-40
27. Luuel 15-52
28. Scheraaz 15-52
29. Syracuse 15-28
CO. Sauterne 14-'22
31. Burgundy 16-60
Do 15-22
Do 14.53
Do 11.95
Average, 14-57
32. Hock 14-37
Do 13-00
Do. (old in cask) 888
Average, 12-08
Rudesheimer (1811) H. 10-72
Do. (1800) H. 12-22
Average, II. 11-47
Johanni«berger H. 8-71
33. Nice 14-63
34. Bar.sac 1386
3b. Teut 13-30
36. Champagne (still) 13-80
Do. (.sparkling) 1280
Do. (red) 12-56
Do 11-30
Average, 1261
37. Red Hermitage 12-32
38. Via de Grave 13-94
Do 12-80
Average, 13-37
39. Frontignac 1279
40. Cote Kotie 1232
41. Gooseberry Wine 11-84
42. Orange Wine — average of six samples made
by a London manufacturer 11-26
43. Tokay 9-88
44. Elder Wine 9-87
45. Rhenish Wine H. 871
46. Cider — highest average 9-87
Do. lowest 5-21
47. Perry — average of four samples 7-26
48. Mead 732
49. Ale (Burton) 8-88
Do. (Edinburgh) 620
Do. (Dorchester 5-56
Average, 6-87
50. Brown Stout 6-80
51. London Porter — average 4-20
Do. Small Beer — average 1-28
5-2. Brandy 53-39
63. Rum 53-68
54. Gin 51.60
55. Scotch Whisky 64-32
56. Irish do 63-90
The only wine recommended in some pharma-
copoeias is Sherry, Vinum, V. album H ixjyaii,' icmn ,
y. Xer'icum, Leucoa'ttUH. It is a dry wine; the
least variable in its properties, and agrees best
with the dyspeptic. Other wines used ofEeinally
are — Canary or Sack wine, Vinum Canari'num;
Jlountuin wine, Vinum album monta'num ; I'ent
wine; liheninh wine, Viuum Rhena'num; and
Port icine, Vinum rubrum Portugal' licum.
The wines habitually drunk are almost innu-
merable. Those that are sweet, or contain a
large portion of free, saccharine matter, are de-
cidedly the least wholesome to the dyspeptic.
When wine is good, and of a proper age, it is
tonic and nutritive ; when new, flatulent and ca-
thartic, disagreeing with the stomach and bowels.
In medicine, it is a valuable tonic in the last
stage of typhus, when the skin is not too hot and
dry. Its use, however, requires great caution ;
and when once commenced under proper circum-
stances, it cannot be suddenly dropped without
mischief. It is, perhaps, the best permanent
stimulus in the catalogue of the materia medica.
(d) 12-91 H.
Mulled Wine \a made as follows : — Take of
bruised cinnamon ^i > half a nutinnj grated; and
ten bruised cloven. Infuse in boiling iialer Oss
for an hour; strain and add uuyar ^j. Pour the
whole into a pint of hot J'ort or Sherry. Useful
in adynamic conditions.
Wine, Aminaian, Aminaeum vinum.
AViNE OF Aloes, Vinum aloes.
Wine, Antimonial, Vinum antimonii — w. An-
tiscorbutic, Vinum antiscorbutieum — w. Aro-
matic, Vinum aromaticum — w. liark, coni])ound,
Vinum de kina kina compositum — w. 15arley,
Cerevisia — w. Bitter, diuretic, Vinum diurclicum
auKU'um.
Wine Bitters, Vinum gentia'ncB compositum.
The formulae for these may be various. The fol-
lowing is lis good and as agreeable as any. (Had.
gentian. Ibj, cort. aurant. ^x, eem. cardavi. cent,
^iv, cinnam. cort. ^iv, wine, foreign or d(juiestic,
three gallons and a half.) Tonic and stomachic.
Wine, Cedah, Cedrinum vinum — w. Cham-
pagne, Vinum campanum — w. Chian, Cbium
vinum.
Wine of Colchicum, Vinum colchici — w. of
Colehicum seed, Viuum colchici seminis — w. of
Ergot, Viuum ergotse — w. of Gentian, compound,
Vinum gentianae compositum — w. of Ileliebore,
white, Vinum veratri.
Wine, Ipecacuanha, Vinum Ipecacuanhae.
Wine of Iron, Vinum ferri.
Wine, Meuicatem, Vinum medicinale — w.
Mulled, see Wine.
Wine of Opium, Vinum opii.
Wine, Pout, Vinum Portugallicum — w. Pullet,
Poulet, vin de.
Wine of Quinia, Vinum quinioe.
Wi.NE, Hhubarb, Vinum rhei — w. Sherry, Vi-
num— w. Steel, Vinum ferri — w. Tobacco, Vinum
tabaci — w. Tar, see Pinus sylvestris.
Wine Whey, White Wine Whey, {Vro\.) Sack-
whey. Take of good milk two-thirds of a pint,
and add ivater to make a pint. Take of sherry,
or any other good white wine, two glasses, and
o{ sugar a dessert-spoonful. Place the milk and
water in a deep pan on the fire; and the moment
it boils, pour into it the wine and sugar. Stir
assiduously for 12 or 16 minutes, whilst it boils.
Lastly, strain through a sieve.
It is a good mode of giving wine in adynamic
states.
Wine, White, see AVine.
Wine of Wormwood, Vinum absinthites.
WING-SEED, Ptelea trifoliata.
WINKERS, Cilia.
WINKING, Scardamygmus.
WINTER'S BARK TREE, Wintera aromatica.
WINTER BERRY, SMOOTH, Prinos hcvi-
gatus — w. Berry, Virginia, Prinos — w. Berry,
wborled, Prinos.
Winter Bloom, Hamamelis Virginiana — w.
Cough, Bronchitis, chronic — w. Green, Gaulthe-
ria — w. Green, round-leaved, Pyrola — w. Green,
spotted, Pyrola maculata.
WINTERA, see Wintera aromatica.
Win'terA AuOMAt'ica, Drimys Win'teri, Win-
tera'na aromat'ica. Winter's bark Tree ; Ord.
Magnoliaceae. The bark, Wintera (Ph. U. S.),
Cortex Wintera'nua seu Winteranits Magellan'-
icus, C. Magellan' icus, Cinnamo'mum Magellan'-
icum, (F.) Ecorce de Winter, Caunelle poivree, is
very much allied in its properties to Canellaalba.
AVINTERANA AROM-A.TICA, Wintera aro-
matica.
AVIRTSPRINGS, Hangnails.
WISBADEN, MINERAL WATERS OF.
Wisbaden is a town of Germany, about 6 miles
WISMUTIIUM
985
WORMS
-north of Mainz, and 22 west of Frankfort. It has
been long celelirateU for its hot springs ; and is
much fn-iiuented. There are numerous cold and
thermal springs,— the former containing sulplio-
hydricacid; the latter being saline and acidu-
lous. The temperature of the hot springs varies
from 117° to 160° Fahr.
WISMUTIIUM, Bismuth.
WITCH KN, Sorbus acui)aria.
WITCIIIIAZEL, Ilamamelis Virginiana, Sor-
bus acuparia.
WITCllMEAL, Lycopodium.
WITCIIWOOD, Sorbus acuparia,
WIT TEETH, see Dentition.
WITTER, Throat.
WIZEN, (Esophagus.
WOAD, Isatis tinctoria.
WOD, Insane.
WODNES, Insanity, Mania.
WOLFBANE, Veratrum viride.
WOLFSBANE, Aconitum — w. Wholesome,
Aconituin anthora.
WOLFSCLAW, Lycopodium.
AVOLFSJAW, see Harelip.
WOMAN, pi. women, Gi/iie, (F.) Femme, Sax.
pipman, ' wifeman,' ' woofman.' The adult fe-
male of the human race.
WOMANHOOD, Mulieritas.
WOMB, Uterus— w. Falling down of the. Pro-
lapsus uteri.
Womb Gkain, Ergot.
Womb, Laceration of the. Uterus, rupture
of the — w. Tympany of the, I'hysometra.
WONGE, Cheek.
WOOD, BRAZIL, Caesalpinia echinata — w.
Elk, Andromeda arborea — w. Pernambuco, Cae-
salpinia echinata.
Wood-lice, Onisci aselli.
WooD-MAUCH, Sanicle.
Wood, Nicaragua, see Cajsalpinia — w. Peach,
see Cwsalpinia — w. Pernambuco, Ca'salpinia
echinata — w. Sampfen, Caesalpinia sappan — w.
Sappan, Caesalpinia sappan.
Wood Sorrel, Oxalis acetosella.
Woon, Sour, Andromeda arborea — w. Waxen,
Genista tinctoria.
WOODWEX, Genista tinctoria.
WOODBINE, COMMON, Lonicera periclyme-
num.
WOODROOF, SWEET-SCENTED, Asperula
odorata.
WOODS, SUDORIF'IC, (F.) Bois sudoHJiqnes.
This term is applied, collectively, to guaiacum,
sassafras, china, and sarsaparilla, which are often
used together to form the sudorific decoction.
WOO RALI, Curare.
WOORARA, Curare.
WORM, see Alembic, Vermiform process — w.
Bark tree, Geoffraa inermis — w. Cakes, Story's,
see Cakes, worm. Story's — w. Disease, Helmin-
thiasis— w. Goosefoot, Chenopodium anthelinin-
tieuin — w. Grass, perennial, Spigelia Marilan-
dica.
Worm, Guinea, Dracunculus.
Worm Loz'kncks, Ching's. Empirical prepa-
rations, which consist of yellow and brown lo-
7.en"es. The former are directed to be taken in
the'evening; the latter on the following morning.
The Yellow Loietiijcs. (.S'«/;v>H, *ss, ira^e;-, Oj ;
boil and strain; and add of white panacea «/
vier'cnri/. (calomel washed in spirit of wine,) Ibj,
nliile (.ic/'K-, 28 tbs, muciUnje of gnm trayacauth
u s. to make a mass. Divide, so that each lo-
zenge may contain a grain of the panacea.) The
/Irown Lozenijen. ( Panacea ,^vij, renin of jalap
Ibiijss, white sugar tbix, vincilaye of gum tragacj
q. s. Each lozenge to contain gr. ss of the pa-
nacea.) ,
Worm Lozenges, Sherman's, are said to be
composed of calomel, gamboge, and nugar.
Peterna Worm Lozenges are said to be com-
posed in a similar manner.
Worm Root, Spigelia Marilandica — w. Seed,
Artemisia santonica, Chenopodium anthelminti-
cum — w. Seed, goosefoot, Chenopodium anthel-
minticum — w. Weed, Corsican, Corallina Corsi-
cana, Polanisia graveolens — w. Weed, white, Co-
rallina— w. Wood, biennial, Artemisia biennis —
w. Wood, Canada, Artemisia canadensis — w.
Wood, common, Artemisia absinthium — w. Wood,
creeping, Artemisia rupestris — w. Wood, lesser,
Artemisia Pontiea — w. Wood, Roman, Artemisia
Pontica — w. Wood, sea, Artemisia maritima — w.
Wood, silky, Artemisia glacialis.
WORMIA'NA OSSA sen OSSIC'ULA, 0.
epacta'litt seu raphogeniinun'tia seu tri(/'uetra sen
triangnla'ria lila'sii seu siitiira'nim, Clares cal-
va'riae, Wormian bones, (F.) Os Worntiens ou
epactaux ou surnitmSraires (Ch.), ou inlercales
ou triangnlaires ou Clefs du crane. Small bones,
which are sometimes observable in the sutures of
the bones of the cranium, of which they form a
part. They were called Wormiaua, from Olaus
Wormius, who is said to have iirst described
them. They had been previously, however, men-
tioned by G. Andcrnacli,a physician at Strasburg.
The Ossa Wormiana exist more commonly in the
sutures of the vault of the skull; especially in the
lambdoidal, sagittal, and squamous. They are
uncommon at the base of the skull. Their size
is very variable, and shape irregular. Their
structure and development are similar to those of
the other bones of the cranium; and, like them,
they are bounded by sutures.
WORMIT, Artemisia absinthium.
WORMS, originally from (L.) Vermes; (F.)
Vers; Entozo'a, Entozoa' ria, Enterozo'a, Endo-
zo'a, Entelntinth'a, Enthehnin'thes, Hclinin'lhi,
Entoparasites, (F.) Entozoairea. Animals whose
common character is that of existing only in
other animals ; hence their name entozoa, from
tvTos, ' within,' and fwov, ' animal.' They are met
with, not only in the natural cavities, but even
in the tissue of the organs, but chiefly in the
intestines — Vermes intesti'ni, Hehnin'thia alvi
seupod'icis, Splnnchuelnn'jtth' ia, lutes' tinal worms,
(F.) Vers intestinanx, Angibromelminthie. Piorry,
Cuvier, Rudolphi, Brera, Bremser, Laennee, and
others, have endeavoured to classify them, — ■
some according to their shape; others, according
to their anatomical characters.
The following table exhibits most of the entozoa
which have been met with in the human body,
and their usual habitats : —
Entozoa.
Trichoeeph'alus dispar,
Oxyu'ris vermicula'ris,
As'caris ala'ta,
As'caris lumbrico'i'des,
Ancyclos'toma duodenale,
Bothrioceph'alus latus,
Tie'nia so'lium,
Pentas'toma constric'tum,
Tse'nia nana,
Distoma haemato'bium,
Ditrachyc'eras rudis, (?)
Diploso'ma crena'ta,
Spirop'tera hom'inis,
Dactyl'ius aculea'tus,
Where found.
■ Intestines.
[ " and Liver.
j Intestines and Ve-
J na porta.
Intestines.
\ Urinary bladder.
WORSUM
986
WRYNECK
Dis'toma hepat'icum,
Dis'tonia lanceolii'tum,
Stron'^ylus gigas, )
Tetras'toiua reiia'le, J
Fila'ria oc'uli,
Monos'toina lentis,
Distoma oc'uli huma'ni, [
Acepbalocyst'is endog"ena,
Echinococ'cus hom'inis, [
Polys'toma pinguic'ola, 1
Ilexathyrid'ium pinguic'ola j
Pulys'toina vena'rum seu
sanguic'ola,
Hexathyrid'ium vena'rum,
Fila'ria bronchia'lis,
Trichi'na spira'lis, |
Cysticer'cus cellulo'sae, J
Acephalocyst'is niultif ida,
Fila'ria medinen'sis,
Gall bladder.
Hepatic duct.
Kidney.
Eye.
Crystalline.
Capsule of crystal-
line.
Liver.
Liver, Spleen, and
Omentum.
Ovary^.
Veins.
Bronchial glands.
Muscles.
Brain.
Areolar texture.
The most common of these are : — the Oxyuris
vermicularis, Asearis lumbricoides, and Taenia,
which are found in the intestines. The origin of
these worms is extremely singular, and more fa-
vourable than any other fact to the hypothesis
of spontaneous generation in the lowest tribes of
animated nature. They are certainly not identi-
cal with any worms out of the body. They are
most commonly met with in children improperly
fed; but their presence cannot be positively de-
tected by any symptoms, except that of the dis-
charge of the worms themselves in the evacua-
tions. They may, of course, give rise to every
kind of irritation in the intestinal tube, and to
sympathetic disturbance in most of the functions;
but all these signs may be produced by intestinal
irritation resulting from other causes.
Aiitlieliiiliiti'cs or vermiftiijen, employed, as the
name imports, for their removal, may be of two
kinds — mechanicdl and true. To the first class —
the mechanical — belong Emetics, Purgatives, 3[u-
ciinn,jmiBdered Tin, <tc. To the latter — the true
anthelmintics, — 7'urpentine, Chenopodiiim anthel-
viinticum, Pink-root, Semina Stiiitonici, &c. Of
these, the best is turpentine. See Oleum tere-
binthinae. The great object, however, is to pre-
vent their generation. This must be done by
generous diet, fresh air, and tonics, where neces-
sary.
Worms, Acne punctata.
WORSUM, Pus.
WORT, Sax. pypt, Mustiim, Infu'sum Bynea
seu Bra'sii seu llidti, (F.) Moiit de la liif->-e. An
infusion of salt. This has been recommended in
scurvy. One measure of ground malt is added to
three equal measures of boiling water. The mix-
ture must be well stirred, and left to stand
covered three or four hours. Dose, one to four
pints, daily. It has, also, been recommended in
other cases, where a strong putrescent disposition
appeared to prevail in the fluids, ns in cancerous
and phagedenic ulcers. It is not now employed.
WORTWALE, Hangnail.
WOSEN, Trachea.
WOUND, Sax. punts, Vidnxis, Volnus, (diminu-
tive Vulniis'culum), Platja, Trauma, Traina, Trisif,
Tresis Vuhius, Blabe, Ti/mma, (F.) Plaie, Bles-
sure. A solution of continuity in the solt parts,
produced by some mechanical agent. Wounds
present innumerable dificrences, ns regards their
situation; the parts interested; their direction;
size; shape; the nature of the instrument or
agent by which they are produced ; their moro
or less simple or complex character, duration, &c.
A wound is called incised, (F.) Coupnre, Incision,
when made by a cutting instrument ; — punctured,
^Ui/'""} (F-) Piqnre, when made by a pointed
instrument; — lacerated, (F.) Dechirure, Plaie
par arrachement, when the parts are lacerated
or torn by the wounded body ; poisoned, Velln-
li'tis venena'ta, Necu'sia, (F.) Plaie envenimie,
when some virulent or venomous substiince has
been introduced; — and contused, (F.) Plaie con-
tuse, when' produced by a blunt body. Gunshot
wounds, Sclopetopla'gcB, Vul'nera sclopeta'ria seu
a sclope'tis, (F.) Plaies d'armes d feu ou d'arque-
husade ou d'arquehuse, Coup de feu, belong to the
last division.
WOURALI, Curare.
WOURARI, Curare.
AVOURARU, Curare.
WOURSUM, Pus.
WRACK, SEA, Fucus vesiculosus — w. Blad-
der, yellow, Fucus vesiculosus.
AVRAMP, Sprain.
AVRAPPING UP, (of the hydropathists,)
Emaillottiiye,
WRATACK, Nanus.
AVRENCII, Sprain.
AVRET, Verruca.
AA'RETAVEED, Euphorbia palustris.
WRIGHTIA ANTIDYSENTERICA, Nerium
antidysentericum.
AVRINKLE, Sax. rpmcle, Rugn, Rytie, Rha-
CVS, Rhachns, Rhagtis, Rhysse'ma, Oorruga'tio cu-
tis, Ruelles, (Sc.) Runkle, Runkill, (Prov.) Crin-
kle-cranhle, (F.) Ride. A furrow or fold in the
i skin of the face, forehead, vagina, &c. See Cor-
rugation.
AVRINKLED, Rugo'sus, Rugoua, Rugose, (F.)
Ride. Full of wrinkles.
AVRIST, Carpus.
AVRIST-DROP. Paralysis of the muscles of
the forearm, induced by the poison of lead.
WRITERS' SPASM, see Spasm, writers'.
AVURALI, Curare.
WURSTGIFT, Allantotoxicum.
AVRONG HEIR, Cancellus.
WRYNECK, Torticollis.
X LEG
987
XIPHOPAGES
X.
X LEG, Etitogonyancon.
XALAPPA, Convolvulus jalapa.
XANTIIIC OXFDE, Uric oxide.
XANTlir.VE, Uric oxide.
XAN'TIHUM, A'. Sirnma'rhtm seu Orienta'le
seu Viilyii're, linrdit' na minor, Lappa minor, Les-
ser Burdock, Biirweed, liarthiatle, Clutbnr, Coc/cle-
bnr,{F.) Laniponrde, Petit Gloitteron, Petite Bar-
daiie, from ^uv%i, 'j'cllow,' because of the colour
the plant is said to yield. This herb, as one of
its names imports, was once esteemed for the cure
of scrofula. The seeds have been aduiiniitered
in cutaneous affections.
XANTIIIURIA, Xanthuria.
XANTHOP'SIA, from ^avOo;, 'yellow,' and
oil'if. 'vision.' Yellow vision, — as sometimes
occurs in jaundice.
XANTJIORllIirZA, i^avSo;, 'yellow,' and pi^a,
'root.') Xanthorrhiza npiifolia.
XANTlloititlli'zA Apiifo'lia, Xautliorrhiza, X.
simplicin'iiinia seu Murlio'ica, Zauthorrhiza linc-
td'ria, Yellow fioot, Parnley-leaved Yellow Root,
Yellow wort. Shrub yellow root. The root of
this American plant — Xanthorrhiza, (Ph. U. S.)
— is a strong and pleasant bitter; and, in the
dose of two scruples, sits easy upon the stomach.
XANTHOIIRIICE'A, Grass Tree. A genus of
trees in Australia, Nat. Order, Liliaceas, of which
there are several species. Two resins are ob-
tained from them ; — one the yellow resin of Xan-
thorrluea or of New Holland, liesi'na lu'tea Xovi
Bebjii, Botany Bay resin, Ac'aroid resin or gum,
resi'na vel gummi acaroi'des, which probably re-
sembles tolu and storax in medicinal properties ;
— the other the red resin of Xauthorrhwa, black-
hoy gum,
XANTHOS, Yellow.
XANTIIO'SLS. A term applied to the yellow
discolouration often observed in cancerous tu-
mours — especially in encephaloid of the testicle.
— Lebert.
XANTHOX'YLUM FRAXIN'EUM, (I'a^Qof,
'yellow,' and ^v\ov, 'wood.') X, ainerica'niim, X,
fraxinifo'lium, X. rami/lo'rnm, X. tricar'piim,
Prickly ash, Shrtibby prickly ash, Toothache bush,
Toothache tree, Pell'itory, Yelloio wood, Snter-
herry, Ord. Xiinthoxylaceas. A spirituous in-
fusion of the bark — Xanthox'ylnm — Ph. U. S. —
has been highly recommended in cases of vio-
lent colic. The fresh juice, expressed from the
root of xanthoxylum, is said to afford relief in
the dry bellyache of the West Indies. A decoc-
tion of the bark is sometimes used as a wash to
foul ulcers.
XANTHOXYLirjr Caholia'num has similar pro-
perties; but is more acrid.
Xanthoxvliim Clava IIehculis of the West
Indies, (P.) Clavalier A feuilles de frene, Frene
fpineux is a very strong stimulant, and powerful
siiilogogue: and has been given internally in
rheumatism.
XANrH()XVLiT>f Octandra, Fagara octandra.
XANTIIU'RIA, A'oi^AiM'n'd, from fmflof, 'yel-
low,' and ovpov, ' urine.' A condition of the sys-
tem and of the urine, in which xanthic oxide is
deposited from the urine.
XANTICA, Carminatives.
XANTOLINA, Artemi.-ia santonica.
XEXODOCEUM, Hospital.
XENODOCHEUM, HospitaL
XERANSIS, Aref^iction, Drying.
XERANTIA, Siccantia.
XERA'SIA. Same etymon ; from ^ripos, 'dry.'
A disease of the hairs, which become dry, cease
to grow, and resemble down covered with dust. —
Galen.
XERION, Catapasma.
XEROCOLLYR'IUM, from ^r,pog, 'dry,' and
Ko^Xovpwv, ' a collyrium ;' Cullyr'ium siccum, A
dry collyrium.
XERODER'MA, from ^npa, ' dry,' and ^tp;i«.
'skin.' Diminution of secretion of the sebaceous
glands.
XEROMA, Xeropththalraia — x. Conjunctival,
Xerophthalmia — x. Lachrymal, Xerophthalmia.
Xeuoma, Lachrtmal. Suppression of the
lachrymal secretion. See Xerophthalmia.
XEROMYCTER, Xeromycteria.
XEROMYCTE'RIA, Xeromycter, from ^npo;,
' dry,' and jjvkttip, 'the nose.' Dryness of the
nose.
XEROMY'RON, Unguen'tum siccum ; from
^ijpof, 'dry,' and yiupov, 'an ointment.' A dry
ointment. — Gorraeus.
XEROPHA'GIA, from |/)pos, 'dry,' and ,payu>,
'I eat.' Excessive use of dry aliment. A kind
of regimen to which the ancient athletiB subjected
themselves, with the view of increasing their
strength.
X¥,V.OV\\l:llM,'mh,Ophthal'mia sicca, Oph-
thalmoxero'sis, Xero'ma, from ^npos, 'dry,' an(l
o'pBaXfjita, 'inflammation of the eye.' An infliim-
mation of the eye, without discharge. The term
— as well ns Con/unctl'nd and Lach' rymal Xero'-
ma, and Cutic'ular Conjuncti'va — hiis been given
to cases in which the conjunctiva is so changed,
that it presents more of the characters of skin
than of mucous membrane. It is incapable of
radicnl cure. Also, lippitudo.
XEROTRTBTA, see Friction.
XEKOTKIPSIS, Friction, dry.
XIPIIISTKUXUM, Xiphoid.
XIPHODES, Xiphoid.
XIPHODYMUS, Thoraco-gastrodidymus.
XIPHOID, Xiphoi'des. Xipho'des Ensifor'.
mis, from fi0of, 'a sword,' and £«5of, 'shape;'
Curtila'go Xi pho'ides seu Xipho'idca seu Scuta'lis
seu Ensiformis seu Pelta'lis seu Pelta'tus, Fur-
cel'la infe'rior, Mucrona'tnm os, Jfitcrona'ta Car-
tila'qo, Uhondros, Processus xiphosternn'lis seu li-
pho'ides seu sterni .rip/ho'ideus, Xiphisteruum, £n'-
siform car'tilage, (F.) Appendice ou cartilage xi-
pho'ide, C. Jfucrone, Appendice sous-sternale, Pa-
lette. The name of the appendix which termi-
nates the sternum beneath ; and which is so called
from some resemblance to a sword.
Xiphoid Lig'ament, Costo-xyphoid L, (F.)
Ligament xipho'idicn ou costo-xi pho'idien, is a
small, very thin, ligamentous fasciculus, which
passes from the cartilage of prolongation of the
7th rib to the anterior surface of the xiphoid car-
tilage, into which it is inserted by its fibres de-
cussating with those of the opposite ligament.
XIPHOPA'GES, Did'ymus Syniphyo-epigas'-
trius ; from ^iipoi, 'a sword,' and T;Tjyvviii, 'I fix.'
A monstrosity, in which twins are united by the
I epigastrium, as in the case of the Siamese twins.
XYLO-ALOES
988
Y-WER-A
XYLO-ALOES, Agalloehum — x. Balsaniuiu,
see Aiuyris opobalsamuiu — x. Cassia, Laurus
cassia — x. Ciunainoiuum, Laurus cinnamomuiu.
XYLITM, Gossipiura.
XYMPATIIIA, Sympathy.
XYRIS, Iris foetidissiiua.
Xyius Biilbo'sa, X Iii'dica seu Cnrolinia'nn,
Yellow-ei/ed GronH ; indigenous ; Order, XyriJa-
ceic; fluwering from July to September. Tiie
roots and leaves are said to be used by the Hia-
doos in lepra, and chronic cutaneous diseases in
general.
XYRUM, Novacula.
XYIIUS, Novacula.
XYSMA, Linteuui, Rasura, Scobs.
XYSMOS, Rasuni.
XYSTER, Raspatorium.
XYSTOS, Linteum.
XYSTRUM, Raspatorium— X. Ophthalniicum,
Ophthalmoxyster.
Y.
YAM. This esculent root is principally ob-
tained from three species of Bianco' rea, — nla'tn
hidhif'ern, awdi sal i' vn . They grow spontaneously
in both the Indies, and their roots are eaten pro-
miscuously, as the potato is with us. Their taste
is somewhat like that of the potato.
YAM ROOT, WILD, Dioscorea villosa.
YARD, Penis.
YARROW, COMMON, Achillea millefolium.
YAUPON, Ilex vomitoria.
YAVA SKIN, Elephantiasis Arabura.
YAWNING, from Sax. jeonan, Clinniiie, Clim-
mun, Hia'liiK, Oxce'do, Oxcita'tio, C/oniin paiidicii-
hi'tiij maxilla'rum, Gnpiiig, (F.) BaiUemeitt.
Yawning consists of a deep inspiration, with con-
siderable separation of the jaws, executed slowly
and in an involuntary manner, and followed by
a prolonged and more or less sonorous expiration.
This respiratory movement is preceded by a feel-
ing of opjiression in the epigastric region, and in
the muscles of respiration and mastication.
Yawning has been conceived to be owing to tor-
por in the pulmonary circulation ; the causes pro-
ducing it being commonly ennui, fatigue, sleepi-
ness, monotonous sounds, hunger, sympathy, &c.
Yawning often precedes the invasion of certain
intermittents, attacks of hysteria, <fcc., and it may,
by its frequency, and obstinacy, become a true
disease.
YAW ROOT, Stillingia.
YAWS, Framboesia.
YKAST, Yest — y. Plant, Torula cerevisiae.
YEBLE, Sambucus ebulus.
YELK, see Ovum.
YELLOW, Flavns, Lu'teiis, Xnntlius, from past
participle of Sax. seselan. Ho burn.' One of the
seven primitive colours.
Yellow Ash, Cladrastis tinetoria — y. Berry,
Podophyllum montiuuim — y. Fever, see Fever,
yellow — y. Fever, mild, see Relapse — y. Jack,
Fever, yellow.
Ykllow Lig'amknts, (F.) Lir/nwenU jannes,
occupy the spaces between the vertebral phttes,
from tlie interval, which separates the second
vertebra from the third, to that which separates
the last vertebra from the sacrum. They are so
called in consequence of their colour.
Yklf.ow Paint, Hydrastis Canadensis — y.
Root, Jeffersonia Bartoni — y. Root, parsley-
leaved, Xanthorrhiza apiifolia — y. Root, shrub,
Xanthorrbiza apiifolia.
Yellow Spring, see Ohio, Mineral waters of.
Yellow Springs. These are in Chester coun-
ty, Pennsylvania. The temperature of the chief
spring is 53° i"ahr. The water contains no im-
pregnation.
Yellow Star, Helenium autumnale — y. AVeed,
Ranunculus acris — y. Wood, Xanthoxylum fraxi-
neum — y. Wort, Parsley-leaved, Xanthorrhiza
apiifolia.
YELLOWS, Cypripedium luteum. Icterus, Ra-
nunculus acris.
YERBA DEL SOLD ADA, Matico — y. de
HiKira, Datura sanguinea.
YEST, Yeaiit, Sax. sepr, from y^t, ' a storm,'
yfcis, 'stormy;' Vercvix'ia Fermen'tum, Spuma,
Cerevia'iat, Barm, (F.) Levure, Levxire de la Biere.
The scum which collects on the surface of beer
whilst fermenting. Yest is antiseptic and tonic.
It has been inucli extolled in putrid fevers, — a
table-spoonful being given as a dose, in porter,
wine, (fee. It is, also, applied in the form of ca-
taplasm, to foul ulcers. In all these cases, it acts
by virtue of the generation of carbonic acid gas.
YEUX ARDENS, Ardent eyes — y. d'Ecre-
vinKe, Cancrorum chela?.
YEW TREE, Taxus baccata — y. American,
Taxus Canadensis.
YLECH, Ilech.
YLIATER, Ilech.
YOKE, Singultus.
YOLK, see Ovum, and Vesicula umbilicalis — y.
Membrane, see Yesicula umbilicalis.
YORK SPRINGS. These are in Adams coun-
ty, Pennsylvania. One of them is a saline, con-
taining sulphates of magnesia and lime, and
chloride of sodium, and is a mild cathartic and
diuretic ; — the other is a strong chalybeate.
YOUK, Itching, Psora.
YOUTH, Adolescence.
YOPON, Ilex vomitoria.
YPSELOGLOSSUS, Basioglossus.
YRIDES, Orpiment.
YSAM'BRA, Pedii/nm'hra, An ancient Spa-
nish poison, of which hellebore formed the great-
est part.
YUCCA, Jatropha manihot.
Yucca Filamento'sa, Bear'ngrano, Sni: (jrang ;
indigenous. A tincture of the root Las been
used in gonorrhoea.
YUKE, Itching. Psora.
Y-WER-A, see Spirit.
ZACCIIARUM
989
ZIXCI CHLORIDUM
z.
ZACCIIARUM, Saccharum.
ZAEL, Borosail.
ZAFFKAN, Crocus.
ZAFFRE, Smalt.
ZAM150, sec Mulatto.
ZAMIA INTEGRIFOLIA, see Arrowroot— z.
Pumila, see Arrowroot.
ZANNA. A kind of Armenian bole, used by
the ancients as a desiccative. It was also called
ZariKuhn.
ZANTIIORRHIZA APIIFOLIA, Xanthor-
rhiza apiitblia.
ZANTIIOXYLUM, Xanthoxylum.
ZAPANIA NODIFLORA, Anacoluppa.
ZARNACIIA, Zanna.
ZARSA, Smilax sarsaparilla.
ZARZAPARILLA, Smilax sarsaparilla.
ZEA MAYS, Z. vuhju're, Mays, M. zea seu
Anierica'na, Ador, Indian Corn, Corn, Turkey or
Indian Whent, 3faize, Jl<ii/z, (F.) Mais, Graine de
Tarqiiie, Ble d'Inde ou d' Espat/ne ou d'ltnlie ou
de Ttirquie. Ord. Gramineae. A native of Ame-
rica, and much used over the whole of the con-
tinent as an article of diet. It is ground for the
same purposes as wheat, and forms an excellent
bread.
fto or Jtta, was the ancient name of a sort of
corn.
ZEDOAIRE BOND, Ksempferia rotunda.
ZEUOARIA, Ksempferia rotunda — z. Longa,
see Ka'inpferia — z. Rotunda, see Kaempferia.
ZEDOARY, Ksempferia rotunda.
ZELOSIS, Zelotypia.
ZELOTYP'IA, from ^^7X0?, Move,' and ruiroj,
'form,' ' model ;' Zelu'sis. It has been proposed
to apply this name to the violent mental atfeotion
produced by the acknowledged or presumed infi-
delity of a beloved object ; and to the conse-
quences of such affection ; — melancholy, mania,
ZEMA, Decoction.
ZEN'ICON, ^tviKov. Ancient name of a KeUic
poison, used for poisoning arrows.
ZEOCRITON DISTICHUM, Hordeum disti-
ch on.
ZEPHACH, Peritonaeum.
ZERMA, Zerna.
ZERNA, Zerma. Amongst the barbarous La-
tin writers it signified ulcerated impetigo, Impe-
ti'go ulcera'ta.
ZERUMBET, Cassumuniar.
ZESIS, Effervescence, Decoction.
ZEST, see Citrus medica.
ZESTOLUSIA, Bath, hot.
ZIBEBiE, see Vitis vinifera.
ZIBETIIUM, Civetta.
ZIGNITES, Zingrites.
KINC, Zincuin, ZinJcum, Speltrum, Speauter,
Tutenay, Zinchiim, Zint, Stanntim In'dicum. Per-
haps formed etymologicnlly from (G.) Zin, 'Tin.'
A metal obtained from calamine and blende. Its
colour is bluish-white : lustre of the fresh surface
considerable, but soon dulled, from the facility
with wliich it oxidates: hard; texture striated.
S. g. 7'1""^- Melts at 700° Fah., burns with a
bright Uamo in a higher temperature, and is vo-
latilized in the form of a white, floeculent oxyd.
Its use, in medicine, is in the formation of the
following preparations.
ZINC, ACETATE DE, Zinci acetas— z. But-
ter of, Zinci chloridum — z. Chloride of, Zinci
chloridum — 2. Chlornre de, Zinci chloridum — z.
Cyamire de, Zinci cyanuretum — z. Ferrohydro-
cyanate of, Zinci cyanuretum — z. i'lowers of,
Zinci oxydum — z. Hydrocyanate of, Zinci cya-
nuretum— z. Iodide of, Zinci lodidum — z. lodu-
ret of, Zinci lodidum.
Zinc and Morph'ia, Double I'odide of, (F.)
lodure double de Zinc et de Morphine. This salt
is prepared by boiling iodide of iodhydrate of
morphia with wafer and zinc, after tliey have
acted on each other for some days; filtering and
crystallizing. It is considered to combine the
properties of morphia and the salts of zinc, and
has been proscribed as an anodyne and antispas-
modic. Dose, a quarter of a grain.
ZINC, OXIDE DE, Zinci oxydum — z. Oxyd
of, Zinci oxydum.
Zinc and Stiiych'nia, Double I'odide of.
This salt is prepared by digesting for several
days in hot water, iodide of iodhydrate of strych-
nia and zinc ; filtering and crystallizing. It has
been proposed in the same cases as strychnia.
ZINC, SULFATE BE, Zinci sulphas— z. Sul-
phate of, Zinci sulphas — z. Valerianate of, Zinci
Valerianas.
ZINCIIUM, Zincum.
ZINCI ACE'TAS, Ac"€tate of Zinc, (F.) Ace-
tate de Zinc. {Plnnihi acet. tbj, zinc, (jranul,
§ix, aqncs destiUat. Oiij. Dissolve the acetate
of lead in the water, and filter. Add tlie zinc to
the solution, and agitate them occasionally to-
gether, in a stoi)ped bottle, for five or six hours,
or until the licjuor yields no precipitate with a
solution of iodicle of potassium. Filter the liquor,
evaporate it with a moderate heat to one-fifth,
and set it aside to crystallize. Pour off tha
liquid, and dry the crystals on bibulous paper.
Should the crystals be coloured, dissolve them
in distilled water, and having heated the solu-
tion, drop into it, while hot, a filtered solution of
chlorinated lime, until it ceases to let fall sesqui-
oxide of iron ; filter the liquor, acidulate it with
a few drops of acetic acid, evaporate, and crys-
tallize.—/'//. U. S.)
Frequently used to form a gently astringent
wash in ophthalmia and other local inflamma-
tions; and as an injection in gonorrhoea.
Zinci Carbonas Impurus, Calamina.
Zinci Cak'bonas Pii.«cipita'tus, Precip'itated
carbonate of Zinc. [Zinci snlphat., sodcB carbonat.
aa ft)j ; aq. bullient. cong. Dissolve the sulphate
of zinc and carbonate of soda respectively in Oiv
of water. Mix the solutions; stir, and set the
mixture by, that the powder may subside. Having
poured off" the liquid, wash the precipitated car-
bonate of zinc with hot water, until the fluid of
the washings is nearly tasteless, and dry with a
gentle heat. — Ph. U. S.) Used to prepare the
Zinci oxidum.
Zinci Cahbonas Pr.eparatds, Calamina prae-
parata — z. Chloridi liquor, see Burnett's Disin-
fecting Liquid.
Zinci Chlc'ripum, Z. chlornre'tnm, Zincum
chlora'tum seu muriat'icum [oxydatum), Chloride
ZINCI CHLORURETUM
990
ZOI ATRIA
or Chlnruret of Ziiir, (F.) Chlorure de Zinc.
(Zinc, in frustulis, ^^ijss; ucid. nitric, crvlm
liraparal. aa 3J i '"^'f'- muriut. q. s. To the
zinc, in the porcelain vessel, add gradually suffi-
cient muriatic acid to dissolve it; strain, add the
nitric acid, and evaporate to dryness. Dissolve
the dr}' mass in water, add the chalk, allow the
mixture to stand for 24 hours, filter, and again
evaporate to dryness. — Ph. U. S.) It is very
deliquescent in the air, forming the Butter of
Zinc, Jinty'rum Zinci.
Chloride of Zinc is a powerful escharotic, and
has been lately employed as an effective anti-
septic.
Zinci Chloruretum, Z. chloriduni.
Zinci Cyanure'tum, Z. cyan'idnm seu Hydro-
cy'anas seu PruH'iiinH, Zincum Uyanoyenu'tnm
seu Boras'iiicum seu Zodt' Icniii, Hi/droci/'aniite of
Zinc, (F.) Cyanure de Zinc. This salt is formed
by adding sulphate of zinc to bydrocyanate of
potassa so long as any precipitate is thrown down.
When dried and Calcined at a low heat, the pro-
duct is a mixture of cyanuret of zinc and of po-
tassium. It has been recommended in nervous
cardialgia. Dose, from one-sixteenth to one-
twelfth of a grain.
It is chiefly used as a caustic; one part of the
chloride being mixed with four, three, or two
parts of flour, according to the desired strength,
and a few drops of water being added to form a
paste.
Zinci Ferrohydrocy'anas, Zinci ferrocyn-
nure'tum, Ci/anHve'tum Ferrozin'cicitm, Zincum
Ferrohtjdrocyan'icum, Ferrohydrocyiniate of Zinc.
Made by the mutual decomposition of boiling-hot
solutions of sulphate of zinc and ferrocyanate of
potassa. It has been recommended in the same
cases as the last preparation.
Zinci Hydrocyanas, Zinci cyanuretum.
Zinci lon'muM, Z. lodnre'tum, Zincnm Toda'-
tnin, Itide'tnm Zinci seu Zin'cicnm. Froto'iodnre'-
tiim Zinci, J'odide or fod'uret of Zinc, (F.) Iitdnre
de Zinc. This salt is made by boiling together
iodine and zinc to dryness, and subliming. An
ointment, composed of a drachm to an ounce of
lard, has been used in cases where the external
use of iodide of' potassium is indicated.
Zinci Ioduretum, Z. iodidum — z. Nix, Zinci
oxydura.
Zinci Ox'yduw, Zincnm ealcina'tnm. Nihil
Albnni, Lana PhiloKopho'rnm seu I'hiltiHoph'ica,
Nix Zinci, Nihil Giix'enni. Pom' pladyx, Oxyd of
Zinc, Flowers of Zinc, (F.) O-ride ou Blanc de
Zinc. (Procured by burning zinc in a long, deep
crucible, placed so as to collect the sublimate.
Also, by exposing the precipitate thrown down
from a solution of snlphnte of zinc by cnrhonate
of ammonia to a Strong heat, so as to drive off
the carbonic acid. — Ph. U. S.) It is tonic and
antispasmodic; externally, detergent and desic-
cative. Employed in epilepsy, chorea, <fec. For
its external use, see Ung. Zinci.
Zinci Oxydum Impurum, Tutia — z. Prussias,
Zinci cyanuretum.
Zinci Sulphas, Sulphate of Zinc, Zincum Vit-
riola'tuni, Vitrio'him Album seu Goalaricu'se .seu
Zinci, Sulphas Zin'cicnm, Gilla Vitrioli seu The-
opkras'ti, Sal Vitri<di seu Voniito' rium Vitrioli,
Chalcan'thum Allium, White Vitriid, White Cop-
perns, {¥.) Sulfate de Zinc. (Zinc, in frustul.
ziv; acid, sulphuric. ^\'} ; aquas destitlat. Oiv.
To the zinc and water, previously introduced into
a ghiss vessel, add by degrees the sulphuric acid,
and, when the effervescence shall have ceased,
filter the soluticn through paper; then boil it
down till a pellicle begins to form, and set aside
to crystallize. — Ph. U. S.) The sulphate of zinc
iti inodorous ; taste, styptic. It is in white, semi-
transparent, cfllorcscont crystals; soluble in three
parts of water at ()0°. It is emetic, tonic, nnti-
spHsmodic, and, externally, astringent. A nos-
trum, sold under the name Antipertus'sis, and, as
its title imports, given in hooping-cough, con-
tains this salt as its chief ingredient. It is emetic.
Dose, as an emetic, gr. x to ,^ss; as a tonic, gr. j
to ij. Used externally as a collyriuui, gr. j. to
water f^j.
Zinci Vai.KRIa'nas, Zincum valerian' icum, Va-
le'rianate of Zinc. A salt formed by saturating
valerianic acid with freshly prepared carbonate
of zinc. It is in pure white, pearly scales, and
has been recommended as a tonic in neuralgic
diseases, epilepsy, <fec. The dose is one or two
grains several times a day. It is officinal in the
Dublin Pharmacopoeia.
ZINCUM, Zinc — z. Borussicum, Zinci cyanu-
retum— z. Calcinatum, Zinci oxyduin — z. Clilora-
tum, Zinci chloridum — z. Cyanogenatum, Zinci
cyanuretum — z. Ferrobydrocyanicum, Zinci fer-
rohydrocyanas — z. lodatum, Zinci iodidum — z.
Muriaticum, Zinci chloridum — z. Valerianicuin,
Zinci valerianas — z. Vitriolatuin, Zinci sulphas —
z. Zooticum, Zinci cyanuretum.
ZINGIBER, Amoinum zingiber — z. Cassumu-
niar, see Cassuinuniar — z. Cliffordia, see Cassu-
muniar — z. Gerinanicum, Arum maeulatum — z.
Officinale, Amomum zingiber — z. Purpureum, see
Cassuinuniar — z. Spurium, see Cassumuiiiar — z.
Zerunihet, see Cassumuniar.
ZINGIBERIN, Piperoid.
ZINGRI'TES, Ziyni'tes. A stone, resembling
glass ; to which the ancients attributed marvel-
lous properties.
ZINKUM, Zincum.
ZINT, Zincum.
ZINZIBER, Amomum zingiber.
ZIPHAC, PeritonEcum.
ZIRBUS, Epiploon — z. Adipinus, Epiploon,
gastro-colic.
ZIZA'NIA AQUAT'ICA, Wild Bice; Ord.
Gramineji!; called by the Indians, Jfennmene,
grows abundantly on the marshy margins of the
northern lakes and waters of the upper branches
of the Mississippi. The grain resembles oats.
It furnishes the northern savages and the Cana-
dian traders and hunters with their annual sup-
plies of grain. Zt^amov was the ancient name of
some wild grain.
ZIZYPHUM, Jujube.
ZIZYPIIUS JUJUBA, see Jujube— z. Nitida,
see Jujube.
ZizvPHi'S CEnop'ma, ^. Nnpecn ; Ord. Rham-
naceae ; common all over India. The fruit is
eaten by the natives. It is of a pleasant acid
taste. A decoction of the bark of the fresh root
is used to promote the healing of fresh wounds.
ZizYPHUS Sativa, see Jujube — z. Sylvestris,
see Jujube.
ZOA'GRIA, from ^w>?, 'life,' and aypcia, '1
catch up.' The saving and preservation of life.
Zoosis. A reward for i)reserving life; Sostrum.
A votive offering hung up in the temples for a life
saved.
ZOANTHRO'PIA, Melanch>,l'ia zounlhro'pia,
from ^looi-, 'an animal,' and uv&injinoi, 'a man.'
A species of monomania, in which the patient
believes himself transformed into an animal.
Lycanthropia and Cynanthropia belong to this
species of monomania.
ZOARA, Insomnia.
ZOE. Life.
ZOGRAPIIIA, Zoograpbia.
ZOIATRIA, Veterinary art.
ZOIATRUS
991
ZYGOMATIQUE
ZOIATRUS, Ilippiater.
ZOMIDIUM, Jus.
ZOMOS, Ooiiaoiinni, Jus.
ZONA, Herpes zoster — z. Costitntis, Hymen
— z. Ciliuris, Ciliary zone — z. Ignea, Herpes
zoster.
Zona Prllu'cidA, Golem' ma pellu'ciditm, Vit'
ellnri] membrane, Chon'un (of some), (F.) Vilel-
liiie, ilemhrane vitelline. The membrane that
surrounds the yolk in the mammalia is so called
on account of its thickness and peculiar trans-
parency.
Zona SEnpiciNOSA, Herpes zoster.
Zona Thnpino'sa. The whitish circle around
the auriculo-ventricular orifice of the right side
of the heart.
Zona Virginitatis, Hymen.
ZONK, Cingulum.
ZONULA CILIARIS, see Ciliary, and Ciliary
zone — z. CochleiB, see Lamina spiralis — z. Hil-
dani, Cingulum Hildani — z. Zinnii, see Ciliary
zone.
ZOOBIOLOGIA, see Physiology.
ZOOCHEMIA, Chymistry, animal.
ZOOCHEM'ICAL, Zoochi/m'icol, Znochem'icnH,
Zooelnjm'icits. Appertaining or having relation
to animal chymistry.
ZOOCHEMY, Chymistry, animal.
ZOOCHYMY, Chymistry, animal.
ZOOGENIUM, Azote.
ZObiV'^^Y , Zol'xjKu' ia, Zoi'xjen' esia, from ^wov,
'animal,' and ycicffis, 'generation.' The doctrine
of animal formation.
ZOOG'RAPHY, Zo'ot/rn'phia, Zoijrn'phin, from
^uov, and YP"'t>i' ' "■ description.' A (iescription
of animals. The natural history of animals.
ZOOIIEMATINE, Hajmatine.
ZOOIIY'LAS, from {uoi/, and 'v\ri, 'matter.'
Animal matter.
ZOOIIY'LICA CONCREMEN'TA. Concre-
tions formed of animal matter.
ZOO r A SIS, Veterinary art.
ZO'OID, Zooi'dei, Zoo'des; from ^uov, 'ani-
mal,' and uhoi, 'resemblance.' Resembling or
belonging to an animal. Every living cell may
be re^rarded as a Zooid.
ZOOL'OOIST, Zoohujia'ta, Zirdl'ogm, from
l^uiov, and \oyoi, ' description.' One skilled in the
natural history of animals.
ZOOL'OGY, Zoolofj" ia. Same etymon. The
natural history of animals.
ZOOMAGNETISMUS, Magnetism, animal.
ZOOMYCUS, Mucus.
ZOOMYXA, Mucus.
ZOON. Animal.
Z00N0M'IA,0c<;n)iozooiiom'/n,^"OH 'amy, from
<a.„v, and vo/iof, 'law.' The laws which govern
the or-ranic actions of animals in general :—Ahi-
m<d Plii/Miol'oijij, Zoophi/iioloy"ia.
Z00N0S0L0G"IA, from ^cjov, vovoi, 'a dis-
cnse,' and Xoyoj, 'a description.' The nosology
of iiiiimals.
Z00PATH0L0G"IA, from ^o>ov, T«eo{, 'a dis-
ease,' ..nd Uyoi, ' a description.' The pathology
of animals. ,t^ x o- .. i
■ ZOOPU'AGOUS, Zonph'ogus, (F.) Zoophage,
from i,uo.., and ^-.yu,, • I eat.' Feeding on ani-
Uials. Carnivorous.
ZOOPHTHALMUS, Hydrophthalmia.
ZOOPHYSIOLOGIA, Physiology, animal, Zo-
onoinia. . .
70'OPIIY'TE, Zodph'ytum, Phytozo on, Anim
plant, from ;u,<,., and <pvro., ' a plant." A na.
al
ame
given to the lowest class of animals, which seem to
form the transition between the animal and the
vegetable kingdoms.
ZOOSIS, Animation, Zoagria.
ZOOSPERMATA, Spermatozoa.
ZOOsnKRMES, Spermatozoa.
ZOOTHAP'SIS, from ^w.,, 'life,' and OairTia,'!
inter.' Burial alive. Premature interment.
ZOOT'OMIST, Zootom' icuH. Same etymon as
the next. One who dissects animals.
ZOOT'OMY, Zootom'id, from ^-jiov, and rtfivia,
'I cut.' Anatom'ia anima'lin sou comparati'va
seu compara'ta, Theriot'omy, Compar'ative Ana-
tomy. 'The anatomy of animals. Animal ana-
tomy.
ZOPISSA, see Pinus sylvestris.
ZOPYRON, Fomites.
ZOSTER, Herpes zoster.
ZOSTERA iMARINA, Pila marina — z. MarU
tima, Pila msirina.
ZOSTERE, Pila marina.
ZOUZINETTE, Narcissus pseudonarcissus,
ZOZAR, Saccharum.
ZUCARO, Saccharum.
ZUCCARUM, Saccharum.
ZUCIIAR. Saccharum.
ZUCHARUM, Saccharum.
ZUCHRA, Saccharum.
ZULAPIUM, Julep.
ZYGAPOPHYSES, see Vertebrae.
ZYGOMA, Malee os.
ZYGOMAT'IC, Zyijomnt'icnn, Juga'lia, Jngal,
(F.) Zygomatiqiie. That which relates to the
zygoma or cheek-bone.
Zygomatic Arch, see Zygomatic process — z.
Bone, MaliB os.
Zygomatic Fossa is the space included between
the posterior margin of the outer ala of the pte-
rygoid process, and the crista which descends
from the malar tuberosity to the superior alveolar
margin.
Zygomatic Muscles are two in number. 1.
Zygoiiiat' icns major, Distort'or Oris, (F.) Zygo-
miito-labiid (Ch.), Mnnele grand zygoinotiipie,
which is situate obliquely at the fore-part and
sides of the face. It is a small, rounded muscle;
arises from the outer surface of the os mnlae, and
is inserted at the commissure of the lips, which it
raises and draws outwards. It acts principally
in laughing. 2. Zygomat'ivna minor, (F.) Petit
Zygomuto-lahiitl, (Ch \, Petit Zygomatiqne, does
not always exist. It is situnte on the inner side
of the last; arises from the outer surface of the
OS malae, and is inserted at the corner of the
mouth, or rather into the upper lip, which it raises
and draws outwards.
Zygomatic Process, Procea'ana zygomnt'icua,
Apiipli'ysia Zygomat'ica, Malar or Jngal proccas,
(F.) Apophyse Zygomatiqne, arises from the outer
surface of the temporal bone by two roots, one of
which is transverse, (Condyle da tem/ioral, Ch.,)
and the other longitudinal: between them is the
glenoid cavity. The process passes forwards,
and is articulated with the posterior angle of the
OS malir, with which it forms a bony bridge,
called the Zygomat'ic arch, Arena seu Pona zygo-
mat'iena, (F.) A)cfi(/e Zygomatiqne. The cavity,
beneath this bridge, is sometimes called Zygo'ma.
Zygomatic Suture is placed between the zy-
gomntic parts of the temporal and cheek bones;
and sbints obliquely downwards and backwards.
ZYGOMATIQUE, Zygomatic— z. Grand,
Zygomaticus major — z. Petit, Zygomaticus
minor.
ZYGOMATO-LABIAL
992
ZYTHUS
ZYGOMATO-LABIAL, Zygoraaticus mnjor
— 2. Lidiial, petit, Zygotnaticus major — z. M(txil-
laire, Masseter — z. Oricidaire, Anterior auris.
ZYGOPHYL'LUM FABA'GO, (F.) Frthagelh.
Ord. Zygophyllaceae. A Syrian and Mauritania
plant, possessed of an acrid and bitter taste. It
iias vermifuge properties. The Arabs believe
that the recently expressed juice of Zi/go]>hi/lliim
etmplejc, is capable of removing specks from the
cornea.
ZYMA, Ferment.
ZYMOxMA, Ferment.
ZYMOSIS, Fermentation, see Zymotic.
ZYMOT'lC, Zymot'icua, (F.) Zi/woti(jiie, from
^vfiow, ' to ferment.' Relating or appertaining to
fermentation. A ztpnotic discnKC is any epidemic,
endemic, contagious or sporadic affection, which
is produced by some morbific principle acting on
the organism similar to a ferment — as the major
exanthemata, pyohaemia, <fec. Zymoses has been
used by some to signify such affections.
ZYTHOGALA, Posset.
ZYTHUM, Cerevisia.
ZYTHUS; Cerevisia.
THE END.
BLANCIIARD & LEA'S
MEDICAL Am SURGICAL PUBLICATIONS.
TO THE MEDICAL PROFESSION.
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like all other articles, must necessarily vary somewhat in cost throu"-hout the ex-
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procure any which they may not have on hand.
To accommodate those physicians who have not convenient access to bookstores,
or who cannot order through merchants visiting the larger cities, we will forward
our works by mail,//'ce o/jMHtar/e, on receipt of the printed prices in current funds
or postage stamps. As our business is wholesale, and we open accounts with book-
eellers only, the amount must in every case, without exception, accompany the
order, and we can assume no risks of the mail, either on the money or the books;
and as we only sell our own publications, we can supply no others. Physicians
will, therefore, see the convenience and advantage of making their purchases, when-
ever practicable, from the nearest bookseller.
We can only add that no exertions are spared to merit a continuance of the
gratifying couhdence hitherto manifested by the profession in all works bearing our
imprint.
BLANCHARD & LEA.
Phil\delphia, January, 1858.
%* We have now ready a new Illustrated Catalogue of our Medical and
Scientific Publications, forming an octavo pamphlet of 80 large pages, containing
specimens of illustrations, notices of the medical press, &c. &c. It has been pre-
pared without regard to expense, and will be found one of the handsomest specimens
of typographical execution as yet presented in this country. Copies will be sent to
any address, by mail, free of postage, on receipt of nine cents in stamps.
Catalogues of our numerous publications in miscellaneous and educational litera-
ture forwarded on application.
TWO MEDICAL PERIODICALS, FREE OF POSTAGE,
FOR FIV£ DOLil^ARIS PER Al^l^lJITI.
THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OP THE MEDICAL SCIENCES, subject to
postage, when not paid for in advance, $5 00
THE MEDICAL NEWS AND LIBRARY, invariably in advance, - _ - 1 00
or, BOTH PERIODICALS fumished, tree of postage, for Five DuUars remitted
in advance.
THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES,
Edited by ISAAC HAYS, M. D.,
i<i nubli-^hed Quarterly, on the first of January, April, July, and October. Each number contains
at least two hundred and eighty large octavo pages, handsomely and appropriately illustrated,
wherever necessary. It has now been issued regularly tor more than thirty-five years, and it has
been under the control of the present editor for more than a quarter ot a century Throughout
this lon<r neriod it has maintained its position in the highest rank of medical periodicals both at home
and abrSad and has received the cordial support of the entire prolession in this country. Its list of
Pniinhnrntors vi'ill bc found to contaJH a large number ol the most distinguished names of the pro-
IbSn in every section of the United States, rendering the department devoted to
ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS
f»lIofvariedandimportantmatter, of great interest to all practitioners.
As the aim of the Journal, however, is to combine the advantages presented by all the differeHt
varieties of periodicals, in its
38
BLANCHARD & ucao ivic^uhjaIj
REVIEW DEPARTMENT
will be found extended and impartial reviews of all important new works, presenting subjects* of
novelty and interest, tog^ether with very numerous
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES,
including nearly all the medical publications ol the day, both in this country and Great Britain, with
a choice selection of the more important continental works. This is followed by the
QUARTIilRLY SUMMARY,
being a very full and complete abstract, methodically arranged, of the
IMPROVEMENTS AND DISCOVERIES IN THE MEDICAL SCIENCES.
This department of the Journal, so important to the practising physician, is the object of es)>ecial
care on the part of the editor. It is classified and arranged under dilierent heads, thus facilitating
the researches of the reader in pursuit of particular subjects, and will be found to present a very
full and accurate digest of all observations, discoveries, and inventions recorded in every branch of
medical science. The very extensive arrangements of the publishers are ^uch as to allord to the
editor complete materials lor this purpose, as he not only regularly receives
ALL THE AMERICAN MEDICAL AND SCIENTIFIC PERIODICALS,
but also twenty or thirty of the more important Journals issued in Great Britain and on the Conti-
nent, thus enabling him to present in a convenient compass a thorough and complete abstract of
everything interesting or important to the physician occurring in any part of the civilized world.
To their old subscribers, many of whom have been on their list for twenty or thii'ty years, the
publishers feel that no promises for the future are necessary; but those who may desire lor the
first time to subscribe, can rest assured that no exertion will be spared to maintain the Journal in
the high position which it has occupied for so long a period.
By reference to the terms it will be seen that, in addition to this large amount of valuable and
practical information on every branch of medical science, the subscriber, by paying in advance,
becomes entitled, without further charge, to
THE MEDICAL NEWS AND LIBRARY.
a monthly periodical of thirty-two large octavo pages. Its "News Department" presents the
current information of the day, while the "Library Department" is devoted to presenting stand-
ard works on various branches of medicine. Within a few years, subscribers have thus received,
without expense, the following works which have passed through its columns: —
WATSON'S LECTURES ON THE PRACTICE OF PHYSIC.
BRODIE'S CLINICAL LECTURES ON SURGERY.
TODD AND BOWMAN'S PHYSIOLOGICAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF MAN.
WEST'S LECTURES ON THE DISEASES OF INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD.
MALGAIGNE'S OPERATIVE SURGERY, with wood-cuts.
SIMON'S LECTURES ON GENERAL PATHOLOGY.
BENNETT ON PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS, with M'ood-cuts,
WEST ON ULCERATION OF THE OS UTERI, and
BROWN ON THE SURGICAL DISEASES OF FEMALES, with wood-cuts.
WEST ON DISEASES OF W^OxMEN, Part I.
While in the number for January, 1858, is commenced a new and highly important work,
HABERSHON ON DISEASES OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL.
It will be seen that this treatise covers the whole ground of affcclions of the Digestive Organs,
which furnish so very large a portion of the daily practice of the physician. The author's position
in Guy's Hospital, and the fact that the work has only just appeared in London, is suflicient guar-
antee that it is up to the hour, and proents the most advanced condition of this department of medi-
cal science, while its thorough practical character is manifesied by the great number of cases on
which it is founded, no less than one hundred and sixty-three being carefully analyzed in all their
details, throughout its pages It is therefore hoped that it will be found to fully maintain the valu-
able practical character of the works heretofore presented to subscribers through this medium.
It will thus be seen that for the small sum of FIVE DOLLARS, paid in advance, the .subscriber
will obtain a Quarterly and a Monthly periodical,
EMBRACING NEARLY SIXTEEN HUNDRED LARGE OCTAVO PAGES.
mailed to any part of the United States, free of postage.
These very favorable terms are now presented by the publishers with the view of removing all
difficulties and objections to a full and extended circulation of the Medical Journal to the otfice of
every member of the profession throughout the United Slates. The rapid extension of mail facili-
ties will now place the numbers before subscribers with a certainty and dispatch not heretofore
attainable; while by the system now proposed, every subscriber throughout the Union is placed
upon an equal footing, at the very reasonable price of Five Dollars for two periodicals, without
further expense.
Those subscribers who do not pay in advance will bear in mind that their subscription of Five
Dollars will entitle them to the Journal only, without the News, and that they will be at the expen-e
of their own postage on the receipt of each number. The advantage of a remittance when order-
ing the Journal will thus be apparent.
As the Medical News and Library is in no case sent without advance payment, its subscribers
will always receive it free of postage.
Remittances of subscriptions can be mailed at our risk, when a certificate is taken from the Post-
master that the money is duly inclosed and forwarded.
Address BLANCHARD «fe LEA, Philadelphia.
AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS.
ALLEN (J. M.), M. D.,
Professor of Anatomy in the Pennsylvania Medical College, &c.
'^^nnZ^^^™'^^^ ANATOMIST; or, The Student's Guide iu the Dissecting.
u .:;<> ^'"^ ^^^^' '"nitrations. In one handsome royal 12iiio. volume, of over 600 pages, lea-
ther. !$2 25. (Just Issued.) f 6 >
In the arrangement of lhi> work, the anihor has endeavored to present a complete and thorough
course of di!->ection9 in a clearer and more available form for praclieal use, than has as yet been
nccumplished. 1 he chapters follow each other in the order in which dissections are usually con-
ducted m this country, and as each region is taken up, every detail regarding it is fully described
and illustrated, so that the student is not interrupted in his labors, by the necessity of reliirring from
one portion ol the volume to another.
However valuable may be the " Disseetor's
Guides" which we, of late, have liad occasion to
notice, we feci confident that the work of L)r. Allen
is superior to any of them. We believe witli the
author, that none is so fully illustrated as tliis, and
the arrangement of the work is such as to facilitate
tlie labors of tlie student in acquiring a thorough
practical knowledge of Anatomy. We most cordi-
ally recommend it to their attention. — Western Lan-
cet, Dec. 1856.
We believe it to be one of the most useful works
upon the subject ever written. It is handsomely
illustrated, well printed, and will be found of con-
venient size for use in the dissecting-room. — Med.
Examiner, Dec. 1850.
From Frof. J. S. Davis, University of Va.
I am not acquainted with any work that attains so
fully the object which it proposes.
From C. P. Fanner, M. D., Demonstrator, Uni-
versity of Michigan.
I have examined the work briefly, but even this
exaniinatiim has c<mvinced me that it is an excellmt
guide for the Dissector. Its illustrations are beau-
tiful, and more than I have seen in a work of this
kind. 1 shall take great pleasure in recommending
it to my classes as the text-book of the dissecting-
room.
ANALYTICAL COMPENDIUM
OF MEDICAL SCIENCE, containing Anatomy, Physiology, Surgery, Midwifery,
Chemistry, Materia Medica, Therapeutics, and Practice of JVledicine. By John Neii^l, M. D.,
and F. G. Smith, M. D. New and enlarged edition, one thick volume royal 12mo. of over
1000 pages, with 374 illustrations. 13*^ Bee Neill, p. 24.
ABEL (F. A.), F. C. S. AND C. L. BLOXAM.
HANDBOOK OF CHEMISTRY, Theoretical, Practical, and Technical ; with a
Recommendatory Preface by Dr. Hofmann. la one large octavo volume, extra cloth, of 602
pages, with illustrations. $3 25.
ASHWELL (SAMUEL), M. D.,
Obstetric Physician and Lecturer to Guy's Hospital, London.
A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE DISEASES PECULIAR TO WOMEN.
Illustrated by Cases derived from Hospital and Private Practice. Third American, from the Third
and revised London edition. In one octavo volume, extra cloth, of 528 pages. $3 00.
The most useful practical work on the subject in
the English language. — .Boston Med. and Surg.
Journal.
The most able, and certainly the most standard
and practical, work on female diseases that we have
yet seen. — Medico-Chirurgical Review.
ARNOTT (NEILL), M. D.
ELEMENTS OF PHYSICS; or Natural Philosophy, General and Medical
Written for universal use, in plain or non-technical language. A new edition, by Isaac Hays,
m one octavo volume, leather, of 4S4 pages, with about two hundred illustra-
M. D
tions
Complete in
$2 50.
BUDD (GEORGE), M. D., F. R. S.,
Professor of Medicine in King's College, London.
ON DISEASES OF THE LIVER. Third American, from the third and
enlarged London edition. In one very handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, with four beauti-
fully "colored plates, and numerous wood-cuts. pp.500. $3 00. (Now Ready.}
His fairlv established for itself a place among the . is not perceptibly changed, the history of liver dis-
el.,R«iril medical literature of England.— Brais/i 1 eases is made more complete, and is kept upon a level
cind Foreign Mnlico-Chir. Revieiv, July, 1657. with the progress of modern science. It is the best
una ruTci^ii. juc _ . . I vi'ork on Diseases of the L.iver in any language.
London Med. Times and Gazette, June 27, 1357.
This work, now the standard book of reference on
the difeases of which it treats, has been carefully
new illustrations of the views vt
hied in the present edition. —
and" pathology ; so that a'uirouVh" the* size i( ihe book | Dublin Quarterly Journal, Aug. 1*57.
BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
ON THE ORGANIC DISEASES AND FUxNCTIONAL DISORDERS OF
THE STOMACH. In one neat octavo volume, extra cloth. 5150.
u th hiirh Dosition occupied by Dr. Budd as style, the subjects are well arranged, and the practi-
From tne "';- ' .^^^i ,^ practitioner, it is almost , eal precepts, both of diagnosis and treatment, denote
a teacher, u \v ,^>^ ^^^^ present book may be con- I the character of a thoughtful and experienced phy-
needless to ^J;;; .' ,.,o-e. It is written lu an easy ' sician.— London Med. Ti?n«s and Gazette.
■ulted with gi tat ""*■*"" o
Dr. Budd's Treatise on Diseases of the Liver is
now a standard work in Medical literature and dur-
ing the mtervals which have elapsed between the
successive
the text the
racterized the recent p
tervals which have elapsetl Detwcen tne ±i.i» wu.^,m.vv uic
edi ions, the author has incorporated into the difeases of whicli
le most striking novelties which have cha- revised, and many ne^
thTiecenpr<"'ress of hepatic physiology | the learned author a.:
BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL
BROWN (ISAAC BAKER),
Surgeon- Accoucheur to St. Mary's Hospital, A-c.
OX SOME DISEASES OF WOMEN ADMITTING OF SURGICAL TREAT-
MENT. With handsome illustrations. One vol. 8vo., extra clolh. $160.
Mr. Brown has earned for himself a high reputa- ' and merit the caveful attention of every surgeon-
tion in the operative treatment of sundry diseases accoucheur. — Association Journal.
and injuries to wliifh females are peculiarly subject. 1 ,,,1, . •■ • i- .1 ■ u 1
We can truly say of his work that it is an important ' . \Y« have no hesitation in recommending: this book
addition to obstetrical literature. The operative i '" "^f ^'"■•^'^"' "'^'"'""» "*^''' .s"';!-"^""^ wbo make
suggrestions and contrivances which Mr. Brown de- 1 feniale complaints a part of heir study and practice,
scribes, exhibit much practical Bagacity and skill, -'°""'" <^""'''«'''3' •^'""■»"'-
BENNETT (J. HUGHES), M.D., F. R. S. E.,
Professor of Clinical Medicine in the University of Edinburgh, &;c.
THE PATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF PULMONARY TUBERCU-
LOSIS, and on the Local Medication of Pharyngeal and Laryngeal Diseases freqiienily mistaken
for or associated with, Phthisis. In one handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, with beautiful
■wood-cuts. pp. 130. $1 25.
BENNETT (HENRY), M , D.
A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON INFLAMMATION OF THE UTERUS,
ITS CERVIX AND APPENDA(jES, and on its connection with Uterine Di>ease. Fourth
American, from the third and revised London edition. To which is added (July, IS-'MJ), a Review
OF THE Present State of Uterine Pathology. In one neat octavo volume, extra clolh, of
500 pages, with wood-cuts. $2 00.
The addition of the "Review" presents the most recent aspects of the questions discussed in
this well-known work, bringing it down to the latest moment.
This edition has been carefully revised and altered, 1 When, a few years back, the first edition of the
and various ailditions have been made, which render present work was published, the subject was one al-
it more complete, and, if possible, more worthy of most entirely unknown to the obstetrical celebrities
the high appreciation in which it is held by the ' of the day ; and even now we have reason to know
medical profession throughout the world. A copy , that the bulk of the profession are not fully alive to
should be in the possession of every physician. — : the importance and frequency of the disease of which
Charleston Med. Journal and Review. 1 it takes cognizance. The present edition is so much
We are firmly of opinion that in proportion as a ' enlarged altered, and improved, that it can scarcely
knowledge of uterine diseases becomes more appre- ^e considered the same work.— Dr. Kanking's Ab-
ciated, tins work will be proportionably established stract.
as a text-book in the profession. — The Lancet. I
ALSO, FOR SALE SEPARATE,
A REVIEW OF THE PRESENT STATE OF UTERINE PATHOLOGY.
1 small vol. 8vo. 50 cents.
BIRD (GOLDING), A. M., M. D., &c.
URINARY DEPOSITS: THEIR DIAGNOSIS, PATHOLOGY, AND
THERAPEUTICAL INDICATIONS. A new and enlarged American, from the last improved
London edition. With over sixty illustrations. In one royal 12ino. vol, extra cloth, pp.372. $130.
It can scarcely be necessary for us to say anything
of the merits of this well-known Treatise, which so
admirably brings into practical application the re-
sults of those microscopical and chemical researches
regarding the pliysiology and pathology of the uri-
nary secretion, which nave contributed so much to
the increase of our diagnostic powers, and to the
extension and satisfactory employment of our thera-
peutic resources. In the preparation of this new
edition of his work, it is obvious that Dr. Golding
Bird has spared no pains to render it a faithful repre-
sentation of the present state of scientific knowledge
on the subject it embraces.— The British and Foreign
Medico- Chirurgical Review.
BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
ELEMENTS OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY; being an Experimental Intro-
duction to the Physical Sciences. Illu.strated with nearly four hundred wood-cuts. From the
third London edition. In one neat volume, royal 12mo., extra cloth, pp.402. $125.
BLAKISTOX'S PRACTICAL, OBSERVATIONS
ON CERTAIN DISEASES OF THE CHEST,
and liU the Principles of Auscultation. In one vol.,
cloth, 8vo pp. 3^4. SI as.
BURROWS ON DISORDERS OF THE CERE-
BRAL CIRCULATION, and (m the Connection
between the AfTeetions of the Brain and Diseases
of the Heart. In one 8vo. vol., extra cloth, with
colored plates, pp.216. §;! 25.
BEALE ON THE LAWS OF HEALTH IN RE-
LATION TO MIND AND BODY. A Series of
Letters from an old Practitioner to a Patient. In
one volume, royal 12mo., extra cloth, pp. 296.
80 cents.
BUSHNAN'S PHYSIOLOGY OF ANIMAL AND
VEGETABLE LIFE ; a Popular Treatise on the
Functions and Phenomena of Organic Life. In
one handsome royal ]2mo. volume, extra cloth,
with over 100 illustrations, pp. 2:34. 80 cents.
BUCKLER ON THE ETIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY,
AND TREATMENT OF Fl BRO-BRONCHI-
TIS AND RHEUMATIC PNEU.MONIA. In
one 8vo. volume, extra cloth, pp. 150. SI 25.
BLOOD AND URINE (MANUALS ON). BY
JOHN WILLIAM GRIFFITH, G. OWEN
REESE, AND ALFRED MARKWICK. One
thick volume, royal 12mo., extra cloth, with
plates, pp. 400. $1 25.
BRODIE'S CLINICAL LECTURES ON SUR-
GERY. I vol. 8vo., cloth. 350 pp. $125.
AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS.
BARCLAY (A. W.) M. D.,
Assistant Physician to St. George's Hospital, kc.
A MANUAL OF MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS; being au Analysis of the Signs
and Symplums of Disease. In one neat octavo volume, extra cloth, of about 400 pages. (Noio
Heady.)
Both students and practitioners have long felt the want of a work devoted exclusively to the ex-
position ot the details of Diaj^no>i?. Such a volume, properly executed, cannot fail to prove an
inva'uable assistant in the exigencies of daily practice, furnishing the information desired at the
moment, in the form required, aiding to solve dilficulties, and to discriminate in doubtful cases, and
supplying suggestions which may be of important service both to practitioner and patient. Mere
bed-side experience requires so many years to furnish the knowledge requisite to safe and rapid
diagnosis, that the assistance furnished by a treatise like the present, embodying the results,
methodically arrange^!, of ten years service as registrar in a large metropolitan hospital, during
which more than twelve thousand cases were carefully analyzed and recorded by the auihor, can-
not but prove of the most iini)ortant character in lightening the labors and responsibility of the phy-
sician.
BARLOW (GEORGE H.), M.D.
Physician to Guy's Hospital, London, &c.
A MANUAL OF THE PRACTICE OF MEDICINE. With Additions by D.
F. CoNDiE, M. D., author of ''A Practical Treatise on Diseases of Children," &c. In one hand-
some octavo volume, leather, of over bOO pages. (A new work., just issued, 1856.) $2 75.
We recommend Dr. Barlow's Manual in the warm- i will be found hardly less useful to the experienced
est manner as a most valuable vade-mecum. We \ physician. The American editor has added to the
have hud frequent occasion to consult it, and have work three chapters — on Cholera Infantum, Yellow
found it clear, concise, practical, and sound. It is
eminsntly a practical work, containing all that is
essential, and avoiding useless theoretical discus-
sion. The work supplies what has been for some
time wanting, a manual of practice based upon mo-
dern discoveries in pathology and rational views of
treatment of disease. It is especially intended for
the use of students and junior practitioners, but it
Fever, and Cerebro-spinal Meningitis. These addi-
tions, the two first of which are indispensable to a
work on practice destined for the profession in this
country, are executed with great judgment and fi-
delity, by Dr. Condie, who has also succeeded hap-
pily in imitating the conciseness and clearness of
style which are such agreeable characteristics of
the original book. — Boston Med. and Surg. Journal.
BARTLETT (ELISHA), M. D.
THE HISTORY, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT OF THE FEVERS
OF THE UNITED STATES. A new and revised edition. By Alonzo Cl.\rk, M. D., Prof,
of Pathology and Practical Medicine in the N. Y. College of Physicians and Surgeons, &c. In
one octavo volume, of six hundred pages, extra cloth. {Now Ready.) Price $3 00.
logy. His annotations add much to the interest of
the work, and have brought it well up to the condi-
It is the best work on fevers which has emanated
from the American press and the present editor has
carefully availed himself of ah informati<m exist-
iiio- upon the subject in the Old and New World, so
that the doctrines advanced are brought down to the
latest date in the progress of this department of
Medical Science.— LowdoJi Med. Times and Gazette,
May 2, 1857.
This excellent monograph on febrile disease, has
stood deservedly high since its first publication. It
will be seen that it has now reached its fourth edi-
tiou under the supervision of Prof. A. Clark, a gen-
tleman who, from the nature of his studies and pur-
suits, is well calculated to appreciate and discuss
the many intricate and difticult questions in patho-
tion of the science as it exists at the present day
in regard to this class of diseases. — Southern Med.
and Surg. Journal, Mar. 16.57.
It is a work of great practical value and interest,
containing much that is new relative to the several
diseases of which it treats, and, with the additions
of the editor, is fully up to the times. The distinct-
ive features of thedilTerent forms of fever are plainly
and forcibly portrayed, and the lines of demarcation
carefully and accurately drawn, and to the Ameri-
can practitioner is a more valuable and safe guide
than any work on fever extant. — Ohio Med. and
Surg. Journal, May, 1657.
BOWMAN (JOHN E.), M.D.
PRACTICAL HANDBOOK OF MEDICAL CHEMISTRY. Second Ame-
rican, from the third and revised English Edition. In one neat volume, royal 12mo., extra cloth,
with numerous illustrations, pp.288. $125.
BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
INTRODUCTION TO PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY, INCLUDING ANA-
LYSIS Second American, from the second and revised London edition. Witli numerous illus-
trations. Ill one neat vol., royal 12mo., extra cloth, pp. 350. $1 25.
CURLING (T. B.), F. R.S.,
Surgeon to the London Hospital, President of the Hunterian Society^, &e.
A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON DISEASES OF THE TESTIS, SPERMA-
TTf^ rrVRll VND SCROTUM. Second American, from the second and enlarged English edi-
llO ^S^^l^'^ handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, with numerous illustrations, pp. 420. (Just
Jm"W,"i856.) $2 00.
illustrations '"''';""'"',"i' „r, it will be found fuUv worthy to retain the authoritative position whicli
U £ acqurreJ whh" regard to this class of affections.
BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL
CARPENTER (WILLIAM B.), M. D., F. R. S., &.C.,
Examiner iu Physiology and Comparative Anatomy in tlie University of Loudon.
PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY; with their chief applications to
Psychology, Pathology, Therapeutics, Hygiene, and Forens^ic Medicine. A new American, from
the last and revised London edition. With nearly three hundred illustrations. Edited, vvilh addi-
tions, by Francis Gurney Smith, M. D., Professor ol'the Institutes of Medicine hi tlie IVniisyl-
vania Medical College, (kc. In one very large and beautiful octavo volume, ol about nine hundred
large pages, handsomely printed and strongly bound ill leather, with raised bands. {Just Issued,
1856.) $4 25.
In the preparation of this new edition, the author has spared no labor to render it, as heretofore,
a complete and lucid exposition of the most advanced condition of its important subject. Tlie
amount of the additions required to eflecl this object thoroughly, joined to the former large size of
the volume, presenting objections arising from the unwieldy bulk of the work, he has omilled all
those portions not bearing directly upon Human Physiology, designing to incorporate them in
his forthcoming Treatise on General Physiology. As a full and accurate text-book on the Phy-
siology of Man, the work in its present condition therefore presents even greater claims upon
the sUident and physician than those which have heretofore won for it the very wide and distin-
guished favor which it has so long enjoyed. The additions of Prof. Smith will be found to supply
whatever may have been wanting to the American student, while the introduction of many new-
illustrations, and the most careful mechanical execution, render the volume one of the most at-
tractive as yet issued.
For upwards of thirteen years Dr. Carpenter's
work has been considered by tlie profession gene-
rally, both in this country and England, as the most
valuable compendium on the subject of physiology
in our language. This distinction it owes to the high
attainments and unwearied industry of its accom-
plished author. The present edition (which, like the
last American one, was prepared by the author him-
self), is the result of such extensive revision, that it
may almost be ccmsidered a new work. We need
hardly say, in concluding this brief notice, that while
the work is indispensable to every student of medi-
cine in this country, it will amply repay the practi-
tioner for its perusal by the interest and value of its
contents. — Boston Med. and Surg. Journal.
This is a standard work — the text-book used by all
medical students who read the English language.
It has passed through several editions in order to
keep pace with llie rapidly growing science of Phy-
siology. Nothing need be said in its praise, for its
merits are universally known ; we have nothing to
gay of its defects, for they only appear where the
science of which it treats is incomplete. — Western
Lancet.
The most complete exposition of physiology which
any language can at present give. — Brit, and For.
Med.-ChiruTg. Review.
The greatest, the most reliable, and the best book
on the suhject which we know of in the English
language. — Stethoscope.
To eulogize this great work would be superfluous
We should observe, however, that in this edition
the author has remodelled a large portion of the
former, and the editor has added much matter of in-
terest, especially in the form of illustrations. We
may confidently recommend it as the most complete
work on Human Physiology in our language. —
Hotithern Med. and Surg. Journal, December, 1855.
The most complete work on the science in our
language. — Am. Med. Journal.
The most complete work now extant in our lan-
guage.— jV. O. Med. Register.
The best text-book in the language on this ex-
tensive subject. — London Med. Times.
A complete cyclopaedia of this branch of science.
—N. y. Med. Times.
The profession of this country, and perhaps also
of Europe, have anxiously and for some time awaited
the announcement of this newe(liti(m of Carpenter's
Human Physiology. His former editions have for
many years been almost the only text-book on Phy-
siology in all our medical schools, and its circula-
tion among the profession has been unsurpassed by
any work in any department of medical science.
it is quite unnecessary for us to speak of this
work as its merits would justify. The mere an-
nouncement of its appearance will afford the highest
pleasure to every student of Physiology, while its
perusal will be of infinite service in advancing
physiological science. — Ohio Med. and Surg. Journ..
BY THE SAME AUTHOR. {Lately Issuecl.)
PRINCIPLES OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY. New American, from
the Fourth and Revised London edition. In one largo and handsome octavo volume, with over
three hundred beautiful illustrations, pp. 752. Extra cloth, $4 80 ; leather, raised bands, $5 25.
The delay which has existed in the appearance of this work has been caused by the very thorough
revision and remodelling which it has undergone at the hands of the author, and the large number
of new illustrations which have been prepared for it. It will, therefore, be found almost a new
work, and fully up to the day in every department of the sul)ject, rendering it a reliable text-book
for all students engaged in this branch of science. Every effort has been made to render its typo-
graphical finish and mechanical execution worthy of its exalted reputation, and creditable to the
mechanical arts of this country.
This book should not only be read but thoroughly
studied by every member of the profession. None
are too wise or old, to be benefited thereby. But
especially to the younger class would we cordially
commend it as best fitted of any work in the English
language to qualify them for the reception and coin-
prehension of those truths which are daily being de-
veloped in physiology. — Medical Counsellor.
Without pretending to it, it is an encyclopedia of
the subject, accurate and complete in all respects —
a truthful reflection of the advanced state at which
the science has now arrived. — Dublin Quarterly
Journal of Medical Science.
A truly magnificent work — in itself a perfect phy-
siological stady.— Ranking^ s Abstract.
This work stands without its fellow. It is one
few men in Europe could have undertaken ; it is one
no man, we believe, could have brought to so suc-
cessful an issue as Dr. Carpenter. It required for
its production a physiologist at once deeply read in
the labors of others, capable of taking a general,
critical, and unprejudiced view of those labors, and
of combining the varied, heterogeneous materials at
his disposal, so as to form an harmonious whole.
We feel that this abstract can give the reader a very
imperfect idea of the fulness of this work, and no
idea of its unity, of the admirable manner in which
material has been brought, from the most various
sources, to conduce to its completeness, of the lucid-
ity of the reasoning it contains, or of the clearness
of language in which the whole is clothed. Not the
professi(m only, but the scientific world at large,
must feel deeply indebted to Dr. Carpenter for this
great work. It must, indeed, add largely even to
his high reputation. — Medical Times.
AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS.
CARPENTER (WILLIAM B.), M. D., F. R. S.,
Examiner in I'liygiology and Comparative Anatcinfiy in the University of London.
(Just Iss7ied, 1856.)
THE MICR(3SC0PE AND ITS REVELATIONS. With an Appcijdix c-m-
taining the Applications of the Microscope to Clinical Medicine. &:c. By F. G. Smith, M. D
Illiistrutetl by four himdred and thirty-/bur beautiful engravings on wood. In one large and ver'-
handsome octavo volume, of 724 pages, extra cloth, S4 00 ; leather, $4 50.
Dr. Carpentcr'.s position as a microscopist and physiologist, and his great experience as a teacher
eniinenlly qualily him to produce what has long been wanted— a good text-book on the practical
use o( the microscope. In the present volume his object has been, as slated in his Prelace, " to
combine, within a moderate compass, that information with regard lo the use of his ' tools," vvhich
is most essential to the working microscopist, with such an account of the objects best liiicd for
his study, as might qualify him to comprehend what he observes, and might thus prepare him to
benefit science, whilst expanding and refreshing his own mind " That he has succeeded in accom-
plishing this, no one ac(iiiaimed with his previous labors can doubt.
The great importance of the microscope as a means of diagnosis, and the number of microsco-
pists who are also physicians, have induced the American publishers, with the author's approval, to
add an Appendix, carefully prepared by Professor Smith, on the applications of the insirumeiu to
clinical medicine, togelher with an account of American Microscopes, their modifications and
accessories. This portion of the work is illustrated wilh nearly one hundred wood-cuts, and, it is
hoped, will adapt the volume more particularly to the use of the American student.
Every care has been taken in the mechanical execution of the work, which is confidently pre-
sented as in no respect inferior to the choicest productions of the London press.
The mode in which the author has executed his intentions may be gathered from the following
condensed synopsis of llie
CONTENTS.
Introdtjction— History of the Microscope. Chap. I. Optical Principles of the Microscope.
Chap. II. Construction of the Microscope. Chap. III. Accessory Apparatus. Chap. IV.
Management of the Microscope Chap. V. Preparation, Mounting, and Collection of Objects.
Chap. VI. Microscopic Forms of Vegetable Life — Prolophyles. Chap. VII. Higher Crypioga-
niia. ChaP.VIII. Phanerogamic Plants. Chap. IX. Microscopic Forms of Animal Lifii — Pro-
tozoa— Animalcules. Chap.X. Foraininifera, Polycystina, and Sponges. Chap. XI. Zoophytes,
Chap. XII. Echinodermala. Chap. XHI. Polyzoa and Compound Tunicata. Chap. XIV.
Molluscous Animals Generally. Chap. XV. Annulosa. Chap. XVI. Crustacea. Chap. XVII.
Insects and Arachnida. Chap. XVllI. Vertebrated Animals. Chap. XIX. Applications of the
Microscope to Geology. Chap. XX. Inorganic or Mineral Kingdom — Polarization. Appendix.
Microscope as a means of Diagnosis — Injections — Microscopes of American Manufacture.
Those who are acqu.iintod with Dr. Carpenter's
previous writings on Animal and Vefretable Physio-
iiigry, will fully understand how vast a store of know-
ledge he is able to bring to hear upon so comprehen-
. sive a subject as the revelations of the microscope ;
and even those who have no previous acquaintance
with the construction or uses of this instrument,
will find abundance of information conveyed in clear
and simple language. — Med. Times and Gazette.
Although originally not intended as a strictly
medical work, the additions by Prof. Smith g:ive it
a positive claim upcm the profession, for which we
douht not he will receive their sincere tlinnks. In-
deed, we know not where the student of medicine
will find such acomplele and satisfactory collection
of microscopic facts hearing upon physiology and
practical medicine as is contained in Prof. Sinitn's
appendix ; and this of itself, it seems to us, is fully
worth tlie cost of the volume. — Louisville Medical
Review, Nov. 1856.
Those who have occasion for an elementary trea-
tise on Physiology, cannot do better than to possess
themselvesof the manual of Dr. Carpenter. — Medical
Examiner.
The best and most complete expose of modern
Physiology, in one volume, extant in the English
BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
ELEMENTS (OR MANUAL) OF PHYSIOLOGY, INCLUDINa PHYSIO-
LOGICAL ANATOMT. Second American, from a new and revised London edition. With
one hundred and ninety illustrations. In one very handsome octavo volume, leather, pp. 006.
$.3 00.
In publishing the first edition of this work, its title was altered from that of the London volume,
by the siibstiiiition of the word " Elements" for that of " Manual," and with the author's sanction
tlie title of " Elements" is still retained as being more expressive of the scope of the treatise.
To say that it is the best manual of Physiology
now before the puhlic, would not do sufficient justice
to the !iVil\M)T.— Buffalo Medical Journal.
In his former works it would seem that he had
exhausted the subjectof Physiology. In the present,
hegivestheesseiice.asitwere, ofthewhole.— iV. Y. • „ j. , ,
Journal of Medicine. I language.— S«. Louis Medical Journal.
BY THE SAME AUTHOR. (Preparing.)
PRINCIPLES OF GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY, INCLUDING ORGANIC
CHEMISTRY AND HISTOLOGV. With a General Sketch of the Vegetable and Animal
Kino-dom. In one large and very handsome octavo volume, with several hundred illustrations.
The'subject of °-eneral physiology having been omitted in the last editions ol the author's " Com-
mrative Physioloo-v" and '''Human Physiology," be has undertaken to prepare a volume which
shall present' it more thoroughly and fully than has yet been attempted, and which may be regarded
as an introduction to his other works.
BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
A PRIZE ESSAY ON THE USE OF ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS IN HEALTH
AND Dl'sEASE. New edition, with a Preface by D. F. Condie, M. D., and explanations of
scientilio words. ' lu one neat r2mo. yolume, extra cloth, pp. 178. 50 cents.
BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL
CONDIE (D. F.), M. D., &c.
A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE DISEASES OF CHILDREN. Fourth
edition, revised and augmented. In one large volume, 8vo., leather, of nearly 750 pages. $3 00.
From the Author's Preface.
The demand for another edition has afforded the author an opportunity of again subjecting the
entire treatise to a careful revision, and ol incorporating in it every important observation recorded
since the appearance of the last edition, in reference to the pathology and therapeutics of the several
diseases of which it treats.
In the preparation of the present edition, as in those which have preceded, while the author has
appropriated to his use every important fact that he has (bund recorded in the works of others,
having a direct bearing upon either of the subjects of which he treats, and tlie numerous valuable
observations— pathological as well as practical— dispersed throughout the pages of the medical
journals of Europe and America, he has, nevertheless, relied chiefly upon his own observations and
experience, acquired during a long and somewhat extensive practice, and under circumstances pe-
culiarlv well adapted for the clinical study of the diseases ofearly life.
Every species of hypothetical reasoning has, as much as possible, been avoided. The author has
endeavored throughout the work to confine himself to a simple statement of well-ascertained patho-
logical facts, and plain therapeutical directions — his chief desire being to render it what its title
imports it to be, a practical treatise on the diseases of children.
AVe feel assured from actual experience that no
physici;in's library can be complete witliout a copy
of this work. — JV. Y. Journal of Medicine.
Dr. Condie's scholarship, acumen, industry, and
practical sense are manifested in this, as in all his
numerous contributions to science. — Dr. Holmes's
Report to the American Medical Association.
Taken as a whole, in our judgment. Dr. Condie's
Treatise is the one from the perusal of wliich the
practitioner in thiscountry will rise with the great-
est satisfaction. — Western Journal of Medicine and
Surgery.
One of the best works upon the Diseases of Chil-
dren in the English language. — Western Lancet.
Perhaps the most full and complete work now be-
fore the professicm of the United States; indeed, we
may say in the English language. It is vastly supe-
rior to most of its predecessors. — Transylvania Med.
Journal,
A veritable psediatric encyclopaedia, and an honor
to American medical literature. — Ohio Medical and
Surgical Journal.
We feel persuaded that the American medical pro-
fession will soon regard it not only as a very good,
but as the very best "Practical Treatise on the
Diseases of Children." — American Medical Journal.
We pronounced the first edition to be the best
work on the diseases of children in the English
language, and, notwithstanding all that has been
published, we still regard it in that light.— Medical
Examiner.
CHRISTISON (ROBERT), M. D., V. P. R. S. E., &.C.
A DISPENSATORY; or, Commentary on the Pharmacopoeias of Great Britain
and the United States ; comprising the Natural History, Description, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Ac-
tions, Uses, and Doses of the Articles of the Materia Medica. Second edition, revised and im-
proved, with a Supplement containing the most important New Remedies. With copious Addi-
tions, and two hundred and thirteen large wood-engravings. By R. Eglesfeld Griffith, M. D.
In one very large and handsome octavo volume, leather, raised bands, of over 1000 pages. $3 50.
It is not needful that wft should compare it with
the otlier pharmacopoeias extant, whicli enjoy and
merit the confidence of the profession : it is enough
to say that it appears to us as perfect as a Dispensa-
tory, in the present state of pharmaceutical science,
could be made. If it omits any details pertaining to
this branch of knowledge which the student has a
right to ex|)ect in such a work, we confess the omis-
sion has escaped our scrutiny. We cordially recom-
mend this work to such of our readers as are in need
of a Dispensatory. They cannot make choice of a
better. — Western Journ. of Medicine and Surgery.
COOPER (BRANSBY BJ, F. R. S.
LECTURES ON THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF SURGERY.
In one very large octavo volume, extra cloth, of 750 pages. $3 00.
COOPER ON DISLOCATIONS AND FRAC-
TURES OF THE JOINTS.— Edited by Bransbt
B. Cooper, F. R. S., &c. With additional Ob-
servations by Prof. J. C. Warren. A new Ame-
rican editi(m. In one handsome octavo volume,
extra cloth, of about 500 pages, with numerous
illustrations on wood. $3 25.
COOPER ON THE ANATOMY AND DISEASES
OF THE BREAST, with twenty-five Miscellane-
ous and Surgical Papers. One large volume, im-
perial 8vo., extra cloth, with 252 figures, on 36
plates. $2 50.
COOPER ON THE STRUCTURE AND DIS-
EASES OF THE TESTIS, AND ON THE
THYMUS GLAND. One vol. imperial 8vo., ex-
tea cloth, with 177 figures on 29 plates. S2 00.
COPLAND ON THE CAUSES, NATURE, AND
TREATMENT OF PALSY AND APOPLEXY.
In one volume, royal 12mo., extra cloth, pp. .326.
80 cents.
CLYMER ON FEVERS; THEIR DIAGNOSIS,
PATHOLOGY, AND TREATMENT In one
octavo volume, leather, of 600 pages. $1 50.
COLOMBAT DE L'ISERE ON THE DISEASES
OF FEMALES, and on the special Hygiene of
their Sex. Translated, with many Notes and Ad-
ditions, by C. D. Meig.s, M. D. Second edition,
revised and improved. In one large volume, oc-
tavo, leather, with numerous wood-cuts. pp. 720.
$3 50.
CARSON (JOSEPH), M. D.,
Professor of Materia Medica and Pharmacy in the University of Pennsylvania.
SYNOPSIS OF THE COURSE OF LECTURES ON MATERIA MEDICA
AND PHARMACY, delivered in the University of Pennsylvania. Second and revised edi-
tion. In one very neat octavo volume, extra cloth, of 208 pages. $1 50.
AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS.
R. I. A.
CHURCHILL (FLEETWOOD), M. D., M.
^?oJS?^ THEORY AND PRACTICE OF MIDWIFERY. A new American,
cCd F M^l'T'"'"':- ^"?l''^^ '^''"'^'^- ^'^'''"^' ^"^^ Notes and Addition., by D. Francis
nU.sh-ftionH ^V„ """^"^ °' ^ "Practical Treatise on the Diseases of Children,'' &c. With 139
lUUbiiations. In one very handsome octavo vnlnmp. I^mh^r ,.^ ;^in cq on
A work of very great merit, and such as we can
confidently recommend to the study of every obste-
tric practitioner. — London Medical Gazette.
This is certainly the most perfect system extant.
It is the best adapted for the purposes of a text-
Look, and that which he whose necessities confine
him to one book, should select in preference to all
Others. — Southern Medical and Surgical Journal.
The most popular work on midwifery ever issued
from the American press. — Charleston Med. Journal.
Were we reduced to the necessity of having but
one work on midwifery, and permitted to choose,
we would unhesitatingly take Churchill. — Western
Med. and Surg. Journal.
It is impossible to conceive a more useful and
elesant manual than Dr. Churchill's Practice of
Midwifery. — Provincial Medical Journal.
No work holds a higher position, or is more de-
serving of being placed in the hands of the tyro,
the advanced student, or the practitioner.— Medicai
Examiner.
ly handsome octavo volume, leather, pp.510. $3 00
To bestow praise on a book that has received such
marked approbatum would be supcrHuous. We need
only say, therefore, that if the first editicm was
thought worthy of a favorable reception by the
medical public, we can confidently affirm that this
will be found much more so. Tlie lecturer, the
practitioner, and the student, may all have recourse
to its pages, and derive from their perusal much in-
terest and instruction in everything relating to theo-
retical and practical midwifery.— JDuiim Quarterly
Journal of Medical Science.
Previous editions, under the editorial supervision
of Prof R. M. Huston, have been received with
marked favor, and they deserved it; but this, re-
printed from a very late Dublin edition, carefully
revised and brought up by the author to the present
time, does present an unusually accurate and able
exposition of every important particular embraced
in the department of midwifery. * * The clearness,
directness, and precision of its teachings, together
with the great amount of statistical research which
its text exhibits, have served to place it already in
the foremost rank of works in this department of re-
medial science.— iY. O. Med. and Surg. Journal.
In our opinion, it forms one of the best if not the
very best text-book and epitome of obstetric science
which we at present possess in the English lan-
guage.— Monthly Journal of Medical Science.
The clearness and precision of style in which it is
written, and the great amount of statistical research
which it contains, have served to place it in the first
rank of works in this departinentof medical science.
— iV. y. Journal of Medicine.
Few treatises will be found better adapted as a
text-book for the student, or as a manual for the
Certainly, in our opinion, the very best work on frequent consultation of the young practitioner.
the subject which exists. — JV. Y. Annalist. \ American Medical Journal.
BY THE SAME AUTHOR. (Just Issued.)
ON THE DISEASES OF INFANTS AND CHILDREN. Second American
Edition, revised and enlarged by the author. Edited, with Notes, by W. V. Keating, M. D. In
one large and handsome volume, extra cloth, of over 700 pages. $3 00, or in leather, $3 25.
In preparing this work a second time for the American profession, the author has spared no
labor in giving it a very thorough revision, introducing several new chapters, and rewriting others,
while every portion of the volume has been subjected to a severe scrutiny. The efforts of the
American editor have been directed to supplying such information relative to matters peculiar
to this country as might have escaped the attention of the author, and the whole may, there-
fore, be safely pronounced one of the most complete works on the subject accessible to the Ame-
rican Profession. By an alteration in the size of the page, these very extensive additions have
been accommodated without unduly increasing the size of the work.
A few notices of the former edition are subjoined : —
We regard this volume as possessing more claims
to completeness than any other of the kind with
which we are acquainted. Most cordially and ear-
nastly , therefore, do we commend it to our profession
al brethren, and we feel assured that the stamp of
their approbaticm will indue time be impressed upon
it. After an attentive perusal of its contents, we
hesitate not to say, that it is one of the most com-
prehensive ever written up<m the diseases of chil-
dren, and that, for copiousness of reference, extent of
research, and perspicuity of detail, it is scarcely to
be equalled, and not to be excelled, in any lan-
guage.— Dublin (.Quarterly Journal.
The present volume will sustain the reputation
acquired by the author from his previous works.
The reader will find in it full and judicious direc-
tions for the management of infants at birth, and a
compendious, but cle^ir account of the diseases to
which children are liable, and the most successl'ul
mode of treating them. We must not close this no-
tice without calling attention to the author's style,
which is perspicuous and polished to a degree, we
regret to say, not generally characteristic of medical
works. We recommend the work of Dr. Churchill
most cordially, both to students and practitioners,
as a valuable and reliable guide in the treatment of
, ^ the diseases of children. — Am. Joum. of the Med.
After this meagre, and we know, very imperfect sciences.
notice of Dr. Churchill's work, we shall conclude
by sayin"-, that it is one that cannot fail from its co- We know of no work on this department of Prac-
piousness, extensive research, and general accuracy, ] tical Medicine which presents so candid and unpre-
to exalt still hi-'her the reputation of the author in ' judiced a statement or posting up of our actual
this country. The American reader willbenarticu- i knowledgeas this. — N. Y. Journal of Medicine.
larly pleased to find that Dr. Churchill has done full
justice throughout his work to the various American Its claims to merit both as a scientific and practi-
authors on tliis subject. The names of Dewecs, cal work, are of the highest order. Whilst we
Eberle Condie, anil Stewart, occur on nearly every would not elevate it above every other treatise on
pao^e and these authors are cimstantly referred toby i the same subject, we certainly believe that very few
the author in terms of the highest praise, and with are equal to it, and none superior. — Southern Med.
the most liberal courtesy. — the Medical Examiner. I and Surgical Journal.
BY THE SA.ME AUTHOR.
ESSAYS ON THE PUERPERAL FEVER, AND OTHER DISEASES PE-
CULI.'VR TO WOMEN. Selected from the wrilingsof British Authors previous to the close of
the Ei'^hteenth Century. In one neat octavo volume, extra cloth, of about 4-50 pages. $2 50.
10
BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL.
CHURCHILL (FLEETWOOD), M . D., M. R. I . A., &.c.
ON THE DISEASES OF WOBIEN; including tliose of Pregnancy and Child-
bed. A new American edition, revised by the Author. With Notes and Additions, by D P'ran-
cis CoNDiE, M. D., author of "A Practical Treatise on the Diseases oCOhildren." \V'iih nume-
rous illustrations. Tn one large and handsome octavo volume, leather, ol' 768 pages. i^Now Ready,
May, 1857.) $3 00.
This edition of Dr. Churchill's very popular treatise may almost be termed a new work", so
thoroughly has he revised it in every portion. It will be (bund g:reatly enlarged, and thoroughly
brought up to the most recent condition of the subject, while the very handsome series of illustra-
tions introduced, representing such pathological conditions as can be accurately portrayed, present
a novel feature, and afford valuable assistance to the young j)ractilioncr. Such additions as ap-
peared desirable for the Ameiican student have been made by the editor. Dr. Condie, while a
marked improvement in the mechanical execution keeps pace with the advance in all other respects
which the volume has undergone, while the price has been kept at the former very moderate rate.
A few notices of the former edition are subjoined : —
We now regretfully take leave of Dr. Churchill's
book. Had our tj'pojfrapliical limits permitted, we
should gladly have borrowed more from its richly
stored pages. In conclusion, we heartily recom-
mend it to the profession, and would at the same
time express our firm conviction that it will not only
add to the reputation of its author, l)ut will prove a
work of great and extensive utility to obstetric
practitioners. — Dublin Medical Press.
Former editions of this work have been noticed in
previous numbers of the Journal. The sentiments of
hi^h commendation expressed in those notices, have
only to be repeated in this; not from the fact that
the profession at large are not aware of tlie high
merits which tliis work really possesses, but from a
desire to see the principles and doctrines therein
contained more generally recognized, and more uni-
versally earned out in practice. — N. Y. Journal of
Medicine.
We know of no author who deserves that appro-
bation, on "the diseases of females," to the same
extent that Dr. Churchill does. His, indeed, is the
only thorough treatise we know of on the sulijeet;
and it may be commended to practitioners and stu-
dents as a masterpiece in its particular department.
The former editions of this work have been com-
mended strongly in this journal, and they have won
their way to an extended, and a well-deserved popu-
larity. This fifth edition, before us. is well calcu-
lated to maintain Dr. Churchill's high reputation.
It was revised and enlarged by the author, for his
American pulilishers, and it seems to us that there is
scarcely any species of desirable information on its
subjects that may not be found in this work. — 2'ht
Western Journal of Medicine and Surgery.
We are eratified to announce a new and revised
edition of Dr. Churchill's valuable work on the dis-
eases of females We have ever regarded it as one
of the very best works on the subjects embraced
within its scope, in the Knglish language; and the
present edition, enlarged and revised l)y the author,
renders it still more entitled to the e(mfidence of the
profession. The valuable notes of Prof. Huston
have bien retained, and contribute, in no small de-
gree, to enhance the value of the work. It is a
source of congratulation that the publisliers have
permitted the author to be, in this instance, his
own editor, thus securing all the revision which
an author alone is capable of making. — The Weslern
Lancet.
Asa comprehensive manual for students, or a
work of reference for practiti(mers, we only speak
with common justice when we say that it surpasses
any other that has ever issued on the same sub-
ject from the Uritish press. — The Dublin Quarterlf
Journal.
DICKSON (S. H.), M. D.,
Professor of Institutes and Practice of Medicine in the Medical College of South Carolina.
ELEMENTS OF MEDICINE; a Compendious View of Pathology and Thera-
penlics, or the History and Treatment of Diseases. In one large and handsome octavo volume,
of 7-50 pages, leather (Lately Issued.) $3 75.
As an American text- book on the Practice of Medicine for the student, and as a condensed work
of reference for the practitioner, this volume will have strong claims on the attention oft he profession.
Few physicians have had wider opportunities than the author for observation and experience, and
few perhaps have used thein better. As the result of a life of study and practice, therefore, the
present volume will doubtless be received with the welcome it deserves.
This book is eminently what it professes to he ; a
distinguished merit in these days. Designed for
" Te.Tchers and Students of Medicine," and admira-
bly suited totheir wants, we think it will be received,
on its own merits, with a hearty welcome. — Boston
Med. and Surg. Journal.
Indited by one of tlie most accomplished writers
of our country, as well as by one who has long held
a high position among teachers and practitioners of
medicine, this work is entitled to patronau;e and
careful study. The learned author has endeavored
to condense in this volume most of the practical
matter contained in his former productions, so as to
adapt it to the use of those wlio have not time to
devote to more extensive works. — Southern Med. and
Surg. Journal.
AVe can strongly recommend Dr. Dickson's work
to our readers as one of interest and practical utility,
well deserving of a place in their libraries as a book
of referenct ; and we especially commend the first
part as presenting an admirable outline of the princi-
ples of medicine. — Dublin Quarterly Journal, Feb.
18,5(5
This volume, w^hile as its title denotes it is a
compendious view, is also a comprehensive system
of practice, perspicuously and pleasantly written,
and admirably suited to engage the interest, and in-
struct the reader. — Peninsular Journal of Medicine,
Jan. 1S56.
Prof. Dickson's work supplies, to a great extent,
a desideratum long felt in American medicine. — N.
O. Med. and Surg. Journal.
Estimating tliis work according to the purpose for
whicli it is designed, we must think highly of its
merits, and we have no hesitation in predicl-ing for
it a favorable reception by both student sand teaciiers.
Not professing to be a complete and comprehensive
treatise, it will not be found full in detail, nor filled
with discussions of theories and opinitms, but em-
br;icing all that is essential in theory and practice,
it is admirably ailapted to the wants of the American
student. Avoiding all that is uncertain, it presents
more clearly to the mind of the reader that which is
established and verified by experience. The varied
and extensive reading of the author is conspicuously
apparent, and all the recent improvements and dis-
coveries in therapeutics and patholo<jy are chroni-
cled in its pages. — Charleston Med. Journal.
In the first part of the work the subject of gene-
ral pathology is presented in outline, giving a bi au-
tiful picture of its distinguishing features, and
throughout the succeeding cliapters we find that he
has kept scrupulously within the bounds of sound
reascming and legitimate deduition. Upon the
whole, we do not hesitate to pronounce it a superior
work in its class, and that Dr. Diekson merits a
place in the first rank of American writers. — Western
Lancet.
AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS.
11
Amer^-T^ ?^^P-^ ^^^ PRACTICE OF MODERN SURGERY. A new
-Mnor V™/''%''"^7r'" ^^""''"" *"'''"""■ ^'^'■"^^" IwF.W. Sarcent, M. D., author of
one vlrv hnnTl .V; I • I"','^'""ed ^"h o.ie hu.ul.c.1 aiul ninety-three wmHl-eiigravmgs. In
one very hatid^omely printed octavo volume, leather, of 576 large pages. $3 00.
P:''.;_P'',"'*A'^. '■^^'^^'"''''es.""'" the literature of his
Bul)ject hdve been not only extensive, but well d
rec'ted ; the most discordant authors are fairly and
impartially quoted, and, while due credit is ffiven
to each, their respective merits are wein-hed with
an unprejudiced h;ind. The jfrain of wheat is pre-
served, and the chatr is unmeicit"ully stripped off.
The arrangement is simple and philosophical, and
the style, though clear and interesting, is so precise,
that the book contains more informntion C(m(k-nsed
into a few words than any other surgical work with
wiiich we are acquainlnd.— London Medical 2'itiies
and Gazette.
No work, in our opinion, equals it in presenting
BO much valuable surgical matter in so small a
compass. — St. Louis Med. and Surgical Journal.
Druitt's Surgery is too well known to the Ameri-
can medical professi(m to rc(|uire its announcement
anywhere. Probably no work of tlie kind has ever
been more cordially received and extensively circu-
lated than this. The fact that it comprehends in a
comparatively small compass, all the essential ele-
ments of theoretical and practical Surgery — that it
is found to contain reliable and authentic informa-
tion <m the nature and treatment of nearly all surgi-
cal affections — is a sufTicient reason for the liberal
patronage it has obtained. The editor. Dr. F. \V.
Snrffent, has contributed much to enhance the value
of the work, by such American improvements as are
calculated more perfectly to adapt it to our own
views and practice in this country. It abounds
everywhere with spirited and life-like illustrations,
which to the young sursjeon, especially, are of no
minor consideration. Every medical man frequently
nieds just such a work as this, for immediate refer-
ence in moments of sudden emer<irency, when he has
not time to consult more elaborate treatises. — The
Ohio Medical and Surgical Journal.
The author has evidently ransacked every stand-
ard treatise of ancient and modern times, and all that
18 really practically useful at the bedside will be
found in a form at once clear, distinct, and interest-
ing.—£rf(n6urg'/i Monthly Medical Journal.
Druitt's work, condensed, systematic, lucid, and
practical as it is, beyond most works on Surgery
accessible to the American student, has had much
currency in this country, and under its present au-
spices promises to rise to yet hiprher favor.— rA«
Western Journal of Medicine and Surgery.
The most accurate and ample resume of the pre-
sent state of Surj^ery thatwe areacquainted with.—
Dublin Medical Journal.
_ A better book on the principles and practice of
Surgery as now understood in Kiigland and America,
has not been given to the profession. — Boston Medi-
cal and Surgical Journal.
An unsurpassable compendium, not only of Sur-
gical, but of Medical Practice.- London Medical
Gazette.
This work merits our warmest commendationsj
and we strongly recommend it to young surgeons as
an admirable digest of the principles and practice of
modern Surgery. — Medical Gazette.
It maybe said with truth that the work of Mr.
Druitt affords a complete, though brief and con-
densed view, of the entire field of modern surgery.
We know of no work on the same subject having the
appearance of a manual, which includes so many
topics of interest to the surgeon ; and the terse man-
ner in which each has been treated evinces a most
enviable quality of mind on the part of the author,
who seems to have an innate power of searching
out and grasping the leading facts and features of
the most elaborate productions of the pen. It is a
useful handbook for the practitioner, and we should
deem a teacher of surgery unpardonable who did not
recommend it to his pupils. In our own opinicm, it
is admirably adapted to the wants of the student. —
Provincial Medical and Surgical Journal.
DUNGLISON, FORBES, TWEEDIE, AND CONOLLY.
THE CYCLOPAEDIA OF PRACTICAL MEDICINE: compri.sing Treatises on
the Nature and Treatment of Diseases, Materia Medica, and Therapeutics, Diseases of Women
and Children, Medical Jurisprudence, &c. fee. In four large sujier-royal octavo volumes, of
3254 double-columned pages, strongly and handsomely bound, with raised bands. $12 00.
*^* This work contains no less than four hundred and eighteen distinct treatises, contributed by
sixty-eight distinguished physicians, rendering it a complete library of reference for the coimtry
practitioner.
The most complete work on Practical Medicine I titioner. This estimate of it has not been formed
extant; or, at least, in our language.— £Mi?"a/o | from a hasty examinaticm, but after an intimate ac-
Medical and Surgical Journal. i quaintance derived from frequent consultation of it
c. r t •.[.., ,11 „_•„„<•„«,.„_.,„,„.> I durinff tlie past nine or ten years. The editors are
t or reference, it is above all price to every prac- „raetrtioners of established reputi
titioner. — Western Lancet.
One of the most valuable medical publications of
the day — as a work of reference it is invaluable. —
Western Journal of Medicine and Surgery.
It has been to us, both as learner and teacher, a
work for ready and frequent reference, one in which
modem English medicine is cxlubited in the most
advantageous light. — Medical Examiner.
We rejoice that this work is to be placed within
the reach of the profession in this country, it bein
reputation, and the list
of contributors embraces many of the most eminent
professors and teachers of Londtm, Edinburgh, Dub-
lin, and Glasgow. It is, indeed, the great merit of
this work that the principal articles have been fur-
nished by practitioners who have not only devoted
especial attention to the diseases about which they
have written, but have also enjoyed opportunities
for an extensive practical acquaintance \vith tliem,
and ^vhose reputation carries the assurance of their
competency justly to appreciate the opinions of
others, while it stamps their own doctrines with
unquestionably one of very great value to the prac- I high and just authority. — American Medical Journ
DEWEES'S COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEM OF
MIDWIFERY. Illustrated by occasional cases
and many engravings. Twelfth edition, with the
author's last improvements and corrections In |
one octavo volume, extra cloth, of GOO pages. US 20.
DFWFFSS TREATISE OM THE PHYSICAL
AND MEDICAL TREATMENT OF CHILD-
RE.\. Tenth edition. In one volume, octavo, i
extra cloth, 518 pages. S^ SO.
DFWEESS TREATISE ON THE DISEASES
OF FE.M-VI'I'-S. Tentli edition. In one volume,
octavo,'extra cloth, 532 pages, with plates. $3 00. I
DANA ON ZOOPHYTES AND CORALS. In one
volume, imperial quarto, extra cloth, with wood-
cuts. »15 m. Also, AN ATLAS, in one volume,
imperial folio, with sixty-one magnificent colored
plates. Bound in half morocco. 830 00.
DE LA BECHE'S GEOLOGICAL OI5SERVER.
In one very larofeand handsome octavo volume, ex-
tra cloth, of 700 pages, with 300 wood-cuts. S4 00.
FRICK O.N RENAL AFFECTIONS; their Diag-
nosis and Pathology. With illustrations. One
volume, royal 12m()., extra cloth. 75 centB.
12
BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL
DUNGLISON (ROBLEY), M.D.,
Professor of Institutes of Medicine in the Jefferson IVIeilieal College, Pliiladelpliia.
NEW AND ENLARGED EDITION, Now Ready.
MEDICAL MXTCON; a Dictionary of IMcdical Science, containing a concise
Explanation of the varions Subjects and Terms of Anatomy, Physiology, Palhology, Hygiene,
Therapeutics Pharmacology, Pharmacy, i->ingery, Olisietrics, Meilical Jiirispriidence', Dcruisiry,
(fee. Notices of Climate and of Mineral Waters; Formulae for Olficinal, Empirical, and ])ioietic
Preparations, &c. With French and other Synonymes. Fifteenth edition, revised and very
greatly enlarged. In one very large and handsome octavo volume, of 992 double-columned pages,
in small type ; strongly bound in leather, with raised bands. Piice f4 00.
No care, labor, or expense has been s- pared in the preparation of this edition to render it in every
respect worthy a continuance of the very remarkable favor which it has hitherto enjoyed. The
rapid sale of Fifteen large editions, and the constantly increasing demand, show that it is regarded
by (he profession as the standard authority. Stimulated by this tact, the author has endeavored in
the present revision to introduce whatever might be necessary to render it a complete exposition of
JMedical Terminology in the advanced condition of all the collateral sciences. To accoiTi|)lish this,
large additions have been found requisite, and the extent of the author's labors may be estimated
from the fact that about Six Thot'sand subjects and terms have been introduced throughout, ren-
dering the whole number of definitions about Sixty Thousand. To accommodate these additions,
the number of pages has been increased by nearly a himdred, notwiihstandnig an enlargement in
the size of the page, and the author trusts that he has succeeded in the endeavor to render it a com-
plete and accurate lexicon, presenting clear and satisfactory definitions of all the terms which have
been legitimated in medical science. By the unanimous verdict of the medical press, both in this
country and in England, the work has been pronounced indispensable to all medical students and
practitioners, and the piesent improved edition will not lose that enviable reputation.
The publishers have endeavored to render the mechanical execution worthy of a volume of such
universal use in daily reference. The greatest care has been exercised to obtain the typographical
accuracy so necesi-ary in a work of the kind. By the small but exceedingly clear type employed,
an immense amount oi matter is condensed in its thousand ample pages, while the binding will be
found strong and durable. With all these improvements and enlargements, the price has been kept
at the former very moderate rate, placing it within the reach of all.
AVe welcome it cordially ; it is an admirable work,
and indispensable to all literary medical men. The
labor which has been bestowed upon it is something
prodigious. The wfork, however, has now been
done, and we are happy in the thought that no hu-
man being will have again to undertake the same
gigantic task. Revised and corrected from time to
time. Dr. Dunglison's " Medical Lexicon" will last
for centuries. — British and Foreign Med.-Chirurg.
Review.
The fact that this excellent and learned work has
passed through eight editions, and that a ninth is
rendered necessary by the demands of the public,
affords a sufficient evidence of the general apprecia-
tion of Dr. Dunglison's labors by the medical pro-
fession in England and America. It is a book wliich
will be of great service to the student, in teaching
him the meaning of all the technical terms used in
medicine, and will be of no less use to the practi-
tioner who desires to keep himself on a level with
the advance of medical science. — London Medical
Times and Gazette.
In taking leave of our author, we feel compelled
to confess that his work bears evidence of almost
incredible labor having been bestowed upon its com-
position.— Edinburgh Journal of Med. Science.
A miracle of labor and industry in (me who has
written able and voluminous works on nearly every
branch of medical science. There could be no more
useful book to the student or practitioner, in the
present advancing age, than <me in which would be
found, in addition to the ordinary meaning and deri-
vatiim of medical terms — so many of which are of
modern introduction — concise descriptions of their
exj)lanation and employment; and all this and much
more is contained in the volume before us. It is
therefore almost as indispensable to the other learned
professions as to our own. In fact, to all who may
have occasion to ascertain the meaning of any word
belonging to the many branches of medicine. From
a careful examination of the present edition, we can
vouch for its accuracy, and for its bein^ brought
quite up to thedate of publication ; theautlior states
in his preface that he has added to it about four thou-
sand terms, which are not to be found in the prece-
ding one. — Dublin Quarterly Journal of Medical
Sciences.
On the appearance of the last edition of this
valuable work, we directed the attention of our
readers to its peculiar merits; and we need do
little more than state, in reference to the present
reissue, that, notwithstanding the large additions
previously made to it, no fewer than four thou-
sand terms, not to be found in the preceding edi-
tion, are contained in the volume before us. —
Whilst it is a wonderful monument of its author's
erudition and industry, it is also a work of great
practical utility, as we can testify from our own
experience; for we keep it constantly within our
reach, and make very frequent reference to it,
nearly always finding in it the information we seek.
— British and Foreign Med.-Chirurg. Review.
It has the rare merit that it certainly has no rival
in the English language for accuracy and extent
of references. The terms generally include short
physiological and pathological descriptions, so that,
as the author justly observes, the reader does not
possess in this work a mere dictionary, but a book,
which, while it instructs him in medical etymo-
logy, furnishes him with a large amount of useful
information. The author's labors have been pro-
perly appreciated by his own countrymen ; and we
can only confirm their judgment, by recommending
this most useful volume to the notice of our cisat-
lantic readers. No medical library will be complete
without it. — London Med. Gazette.
It is certainly more complete and comprehensive
than any with which ■we are acquainted in the
English language. Few, in fact, could be found
better qualified than Dr. Dunglison for the produc-
tion of such a work. Learned, industrious, per-
severing, and accurate, he brings to the task all
the peculiar talents necessary for its successful
performance; while, at the same time, his fami-
liarity vi'ith the writings of the ancient and modern
" masters of our art," renders him skilful to note
the exact usage of the several terms of science,
and the various modifications which medical term-
inology has undergone with the change of theo-
ries or the progress of improvement. — American
Journal of the Medical Sciences.
One of the most complete and copious known to
the cultivators of medical science. — Boston Med.
Journal .
The most comprehensive and best English Dic-
tionary of medical terms extant. — Buffalo Medical
Journal.
BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
THE PRACTICE OF MEDICINE. A Treatise on Special Pathology and The-
rapeutics. Third Edition. In twolarge octavo volumes, leather, of 1,000 pages. $6 25.
AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. 13
DUNGLISON (ROBLEY), M.D.,
TTTTUT * -NT it?,",'' "*" Iist't" tes of Medicinc in the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia.
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY. Eighth edition. Thoroughly revised and exten-
sively modified and enlarged, with five hundred and thirty-two illustrations. In two lar?e and
handsomely printed octavo volumes, leather, of about l.'JOO pages. {Just Issued, 1856.) S7 00.
In revising this work for its eighth appearance, the author has spared no labor to render it worthy
a continuanne of the very great favor which has been extended to it by the profession. The whole
contents have been rearranged, and to a great extent remodelled ; the investigations which of late
years have been so numerous and so important, have been carefully examined and incorporated,
and the work in every respect has been brought up to a level with tlie present slate of the subject.
The object of the author has been to render it a concise but comprehensive treatise, containing the
whole body of physiological science, to which the student and man of s(!ience can at all limes refer
with Ihe certainly of finding whatever they are in search of, fully presented in all its aspects; and
on no former edition has the author bestowed more labor to secure this result.
A similar improvement will be found in the typographical execution of the volumes, which, in
this respect, are superior to their predecessors. A large number of additional wood-cuts have been
introduced, and the series of illustrations has been greatly modified by the substitution of many
now ones for such as were not deemed satisfactory. By an enlargement of the page, these very
considerable additions have been accommodated without increasing the size of the volumes to an
extent to render them unwieldy.
The best work of the kind in the English lan-
guage.— Sillinian''s Journal,
The present edition the author has made a perfect
mirror of the science as it is at the present hour.
As a work upon physiology proper, the science of
the functions performed by the body, the studeiit will
find it all he wishes. — Nashville Journ. of Med.
Sept. 1856.
That he has succeeded, most admirably succeeded
in his purpose, is apparent from the appearance of
an eiglilh edition. It is now the great encyclopmlia
on the subject, and worthy of a place in every phy-
sician's library. — Western Lancet, Sept. 1656.
BY THE SAME AUTHOR. (NoVf Re'llly .)
GENERAL THEKAPEUTICS AND MATERIA MEDICA; adapted for a
Medical Text-book. With Indexes of Eemedies and of Diseases and their Remedies. Sixth
Edition, revised and improved. With one hundred and ninety-three illustrations. In two large
and handsomely printed octavo vols., leather, of about HOG pages. $G 00.
Frovi the Author^ s T re face.
"Another edition of this work being called for, the author has subjected it to a thorough and careful
revi-ion. It has been gratifying to him that it has been found so extensively useful by those for whom
it was especially intended, as to require (hat asi^th edition should be issued in so short a time afier
the publication of a fifth. Grateful for the favoTable reception of the work by the profession, he has
bestowed on the preparation of the present edition all those cares which were demanded by the
former editions, and has spared no pains to render it a faithful epitome of General Therapeutics
and Materia Medica. The copious Indexes of Remedies and of Diseases and tlieir Remedies can-
not fail, the author conceives, to add inatcrially to the value of the work."
This work is too widely and too favorably known to require more than the assurance that the
author has revised it with his customary industry, introducing whatever has been found necessary
to brin"- it on a level with the most advanced condition of the subject. The number ol illustrations
has been somewhat enlarged, and the mechanical execution of the volumes will be found to have
undergone a decided improvement.
BY THE SAME AUTHOR. (A new Edition.)
NEW REMEDIES, WITH FORMULA FOR THEIR PREPARATION AND
ADMINISTRATION. Seventh edition, with extensive Additions. Iii one very large octavo
volume, leather, of 770 pages. {Just Issued.) $3 75.
Another edition of the " New Remedies" having l)een called for, the author has endeavored to
add evervthing of moment that has appeared since the publication of the last edition.
The chief remedial mears which have obtained a place, for the first time, in this volume either
owin- to their havine been recently introduced into pharmacology, or to their having received novel
arplicat"ons-and which, con.^eque'ntly, belong to the category of "New Remedies"-are the fol-
'*" Anml"nnfrein. Carbazotic acid, Cauterization and catheterism of the larynx and trachea, Cedron,
We believe that it can truly be said, no more com-
plete repertory of facts upon the subject treated,
can anywhere be found. The author has, moreover,
tliat enviable tact at description and that facility
and ease of expression which render him peculiarly
acceptable to the casual, or the studious reader.
This faculty, so requisite in setting forth many
eraver and less attractive subjects, lends additional
charms to one always fascinating. — Boston Med.
and Surg. Journal, Sept. 185G.
The most complete and satisfactory system of
Physiology in the English language. — Amer. Med.
Journal .
in, hiV in order that the author might be enabled to introduce, as far as practicable, the
V".V '. i,...^„Mni Pxnerience of others, as well as of his own observation and reflection;
enhance
■d
him to throw together an extensive mass of facts
and statements, "accompanied by full reference to
authorities; which last feature renders the work
practically valuable to investigators who desire to
examine the original papers.— JAe American Journal
of Pharmacy.
14
BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL
ERICHSEN (JOHN),
Professor of Surgery in University College, London, &c.
THE SCIENCE AND ART OF SURGERY; being a Treatise on Surgical
Jnjttries, Diseasks, and Operations. Edited by John H. Brinton, M. D. Illustraled with
three hundred and eleven engravings on -wood. "In one large and handsome octavo volume, of
over nine hundred closely printed pages, leather, raised bands. $4 25.
It is, in our humble juds;nienl, decidedly llie best
book of the kind in the Knq;Hsh liuiguasfe. Striiii^e
that just such books are nototV'ner produced by pub
I'C leachfrs of siirirery in this country and (Jreat
Britain Indeed, it is a matter of o;real astonishment,
hut no less true than astonishing, that of the many
works on surgery republished in this country within
the last fifteen or twenty years as textbooks for
medical students, this is the only one lliat even ap-
proximates to the fulfilment of tlic peculiar wants of
young men just enterDii; upon tlie sludv of this branch
of the profession. — Wesltrn Jour .of Med. an'l Surgery.
Its value is greatly enhanced by a very copious
well-arraneed index. We regard this as one of the
most valuable contributions to modern surgery. To
one entering his iioviiiate of practice, wt- rejjard it
th'- most serviceable guide which he can consult. He
will find a fulness of detail leading him through every
step of the operation, and not deserting him until the
final issue of the case is decided. For the same rea-
son w recommend it to those whose routine of prac-
tice lies in such pans of the country that they must
rarely encounter cases requiring surgical manage-
ment.— Stet/ioscope.
Kinbracing, as will be perceived, the whole surgi-
cal domaiii, and each division of it«elf almost com-
plete and perfect, each chapter full and explicit, each
subject faithfully exhibited, we can only express our
estimate of it in the ageresale. We consider it an
excellent contribution to surgery, as probably the
best single voluirie now extant on the subject, and
with great pleasure we add it to our texsbookg. —
Nashville Journal of Medimie and Surgery.
Prof. Erichsen's work, for its size, has not been
surpassed; his nine hundred and eight pages, pro-
fusely illustrated, are rich in physiological, patholo-
gical, and operative suggestions, doctrines, detail.?,
and processes ; and will prove a reliable resource
for information, both to physician and surgeon, in the
hour of peril. — N. 0. Med. and Surg. Journal.
We are acquainted with no other work wherein
so much good sense, sound principle, and practical
^tfereuces, stamp every page. — American Lancet.
ELLIS (BENJAMIN), M.D.
THE MEDICAL FORMULARY : being a Collection of Prescriptions, derived
from the writings and practice of many of the most eminent physicians of America and Europe.
Together with the usual Dietetic Preparations and Antidotes for Poisons. To which is added
an Appendix, on the Endermic use of Medicines, and on the use of Elher and Chloroform. Tlie
whole accompanied witli a few brief Pharinacetitic and Medical Observations. Tenth edition,
revised and much extended by Robert P. Thomas, M. D., Professor of Materia Medica in the
Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. In one neat octavo volume, extra cloth, of296 pages. {Lately
Issued.) fl 75.
After an examination of the new matter and the
alterations, we lielieve the reputation of the work
built up by the author, and the late distinguished
editor, will c<mtinue to flourish under the auspices
of the present editor, who has the industry and accu-
racy, and, we would say, conscientiousness requi-
site for the responsible task. — Am. Jour, of P harm.
It will prove particularly useful to students and
young practitioners, as the most important prescrip-
tions employed in modern practice, whicli lie scat-
tered through our medical literature, are here col-
lected and conveniently arranjred for reference.—
Charleston Med. Journal and Review.
FOWNES (GEORGE), PH. D., &.C.
ELEMENTARY CHEMISTRY; Theoretical and Practical. With numerous
illustrations. Edited, with Additions, by Robert Bridges, M. D. In one large royal 12mo.
volume, of over 5.50 pages, with 181 wood-cuts. Jn leather, $1 50; extra cloth, $1 35.
The work of Dr. Fownes has long been before
the public, and its merits have been fully appreci-
ated as the best text-book (m chemistry now in
existence. We do not, of course, place it in a rank
superior to the works of Brande, Graham, Turner,
Gregory, or Gmelin, but we say that, as a work
for students, it is preferable to any of them. — Lon-
don Journal of Medicine.
A work well adapted to the wants of the student.
It is an excellent exposition of the chief doctrines
and facts of modern chemistry. The size of the work,
and still more the condensed yet perspicuous style
in which it is written, absolve it from the charges
very properly urged against most tnanuals termed
popular. — Edinburgh Journal of Medical Science.
We know of no better text-book, especially in the
difficult department of organic chemistry, upon
which it is particularly full and satisfactory. We
would recommend it to preceptors as a capital
" office book" for their students who are beginners
in Chemistry. It is copiously illustrated with ex-
cellent wood-cuts, and altogether admirably "got
up." — N. J. Medical Reporter.
A standard manual, which has long enjoyed the
reputation of embodying much kno\vle<lee in a small
space. The author liasachieved the difficult task of
condensation with masterly tact. His book is con-
cise without being dry, and brief without being too
dogmatical or general. — Virginia Med. and Surgical
Journal.
FERGUSSON (WILLIAM), F. R. S.,
Professor of Surgery in King's College, London, &c.
A SYSTEM OF PRACTICAL SURGERY. Fourth American, from the third
and enlarged London edition. In one large and beautifully printed octavo volume, of about 700
pages, with 393 handsome illustrations, leather. $3 00.
The most important subjects in connection with
practical surgery which have been more recently
brought under the notice of, and discussed by, the
surgeons of Great Britain, are fully and dispassion-
ately considered by Mr. Fergusson, and that which
was' before wanting has now been supplied^ so that
we can now look upon it as a work on practical sur-
gery instead of one on operative surgery alone.
Medical Times and Gazette.
No work was ever written which more nearly
Comprehended the necessities of the student and
practitioner, and was more carefully arranged to
that single purpose than this.— iV. Y. Med. Journal.
The addition of many new pages makes this work
more than ever indispensable to the student and prac-
titioner.— Ranking' s Abstract.
Among the numerous works upon surgery pub-
lished of late years, we know of none we value
more highly than the one before us. It is perhaps
the very best we have for a text-book and for ordi-
nary reference, being concise and eminently practi-
cal.— Southern Med. and Surg. Journal.
AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS
15
FLINT (AUSTIN), M, D.,
Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine in the University of Louisville, &c.
(_Aii Important New Wor^.)
PHYSICAL EXPLORATTOX AND DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES AFFECT-
ING THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS. In one large and handsome octavo volume, extra
cloth, 636 pages. $3 00.
We cun only state our general impression of the | the results of his study and experience. These ex-
hi^h value fif this work, and cordially recommend I pectations we are confident will not be disappointed,
it to all. VVe regard it, in point both of arrangement I For our own part, we have been favorably impressed
and of the marked ability of its treatment of the sub- i by a perusal of the book, and heartily recommend it
jects, as destined to take the first rank in works of I to all who are desirous of acquiring a thorough ac-
this class. So far us our information extends, it has j quaintance with the means of exploring the condi-
at present no equal. To the practitioner, as well as tions of the respiratory organs by means of auscul-
tlie student, it will be invaluable in clearing up the : tation and percussion. — Boston Med. and Surg.
diagnosis of doubtful cases, and in shedding light Journal.
upim difficult phenoiTiena. — Buffalo Med. Journal
This is the most elaborate work devoted exclu-
sively to the physical exploration of diseases of the
lungs, with which we are acquainted in the Knglish
language. From the high standing of the author as
a clinical teacher, and his known devotion, during
A work of original observation of thehighest merit.
We recommend the treatise to every one who wishes
to become a correct auscultator. Based to a very
large extent upon cases numerically examined, it
carries the evidence of careful studv and discrimina-
tion upon everv pa/e. It does credit to the author,
and, through him, to the profssion in this country.
many years, to the study of thoiacic diseases, much and, through him, to the prof ssion in this country.
was to be expected from the announcement of his It is, what we cannot call every book upon auscul-
determination to embody in the form of a treatise, I tation, a readable boo\i..— Am. Jour. Med. Sciences.
FISKE FUND PRIZE ESSAYS.
THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE ON TUBERCULOUS DISEASE. By Edwin
Lke, M. R. C. S., London.
THE INFLUENCE OF PREGNANCY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF
TUBERCLES. By Edward Warren, M. U., of Edenton, N. C.
Together in one neat octavo volume, extra cloth. %l 00. (Jiat Ready.)
These two valuable Esfiays on Tuberculosis are reprinted by request of the Rhode Island Medi-
cal Society, from the " American Journal oftlie Medical Sciences^' for April and July, 1S57.
GRAHAM (THOMAS), F. R. S.,
Professor of Chemistry in University College, London, &c.
THE ELEMENTS OF CHEMISTRY. Including' tbe application of the Science
to the Arts. Wilh numerous illustrations. With Notes and Aa(liti(uis, by Robert Bridges,
IVI. L)., &c. &c. Second American, from the second and eiilarge<l London edition.
PART I. {Lately I.i.med) large 8vo., 430 pages, 185 illustrations. $1 50.
PART II. {Preparing) to match.
GRIFFITH (ROBERT E.), M. D,, &c.
A UNIVERSAL FORMULARY, containinii the methods of Preparinor and Ad-
mini-terino- OITicinal and other Medicines. The whole adapted to Physicians and Pharrnaceu-
lists Second Edition, thoroushlv revised, wilh numerous additions, by Robert P. Tho.mas,
M b , Professor of Materia Me.licA in the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy In one 'aj^s and
handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, of 650 pages, double columns. {Jiist Issued.) $3 00 ; or
bound iu sheep, $3 25.
It was a work requiring much perseverance, and [ tioner can possibly have in his possession.-ilfedicai
when published was looked upon as by far the be<t Chromcle
work of its kiiul that had i.^sued from the Aniprican
press. Prof Thoma* has certainly "unproved, as
well as added lothis Formulary, and has rendered u
addiiionally deserving of the confidence of pharma-
ceutists and physicians.— ^m. Journal of Pharmacy.
We are happv to announce a new and improved
editionof this, 6ne of the most valuable and usetui
works that have emaualed from an American p^Mi
It would do credit to any country, and will be found
of dailvu>efulness to practitioners of medicine; it is
better adapted 10 their purposes than the dispensalo-
Ties.— Sotithern Med. and Surg. Journal.
A new edition of this well-known work, edited by
R P Thomas. M. D., affords occasion for renevving
mlr CO nmendalion of so useful a handbook, wh.c-h
ou^ht U be universally studied by medical men of
evSrv cla«s, and made use of by way ol reference b>
office pupils, as a standard auihorny. It has bee,
much euh rVed. and now condenses a vast amonn.
mucn eni'' npces<arv know edare m small com-
na^r T e more of suc[7books the better for the pro-
Fessionind 0,e public- N. Y. Med. GazeUe.
It is one of the most nseful books a country practi-
The amount of useful, every-day matter, for a prat-
tieins physician, is really immense.— £os(o« Med.
and Surg. .Tournal.
This is a work of six hundred and fifty one pages,
embracing all on the subject of preparing and admi-
iiisteriiig mediriues that can be desired by the physi-
cian and pharmaceutist — Trf.ffem Lancet.
In short, it is a full and complete work of the kindj
and should be m the hands of every physician and
apolhecary. O. Med. and Surg. Journal
We predict a great sale for this work, and we espe-
ciallv recommend it to all medical teachers.- iJtcA-
mond Stethoscope.
This edition of Dr. Griffith's work has been greatly
improved by the revision and ample additions of Dr.
Thomas, and is nov*', we believe, one of the most
coTiplele works of it'; kind in any lansruage. The
addiliou* amount to about sevenly pages, and no
etforl has been spared lo include in them all ihe re-
eenl improvemenis which have been published in
medical journals, and systematic treatises. .\ work
of this kind appears to us indispen-abie lo the physi-
cian, and ihere is none -.ve can more cordially recom-
mend.— N. Y. Journal of Medicine.
BY THK SAME AUTHOR.
n/TT^nTPM EOTVNY: or, a Description of all the more important Plants used
MJil-'l''^^^" ; . ■ Properties Uses, and Modes of Administration. In one larsre octavo
volume' ex^rV doth, of 7()J pages, handsomely printed, with nearly 350 iUustraliousou wood. $3 GO.
16
BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDIOAL
GROSS (SAMUEL DJ, M. D.,
Professor of Surgery in the JofTerson Medical College of Philadelphia, 4.C.
New Edition (Now Ready.)
ELEMENTS OF PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY. Third edition, thoroughly
revii-ed and g-reaily improved. In one large and very handsome octavo volume, wilh about three
hundred and filly beauliful illuslraiions, of which a large number are from original drawings.
Price in extra cloth, 94 7o; leather, raised bands, $5 25.
The very rapid advances in the Science of Pathological Anatomy during the Ian few years have
rendered e^sential a thorough moditlcation of this work, with a view of nialcing it a correct expo-
nent of the present state of the subject. The very careiul manner in which this task has been
executed, and the amount of alteration which it has undergone, have enabled the author to say that
" wilh the many changes and improvements now introduced, the work may be regarded almost as
a new treatise," while the efforts of the author have been seconded as regards the mechanical
execution of the volume, rendering it one of the handsomest productions of the American press.
A very large number of new and beautiful original illustrations have been introduced, and the work,
it is liophMl, will fully maintain the reputation hilherto enjoyed by it of a complete and practical ex-
position of its ditficult and important subject.
We nnost sincerely consratulate the author on the
successful niHimer in whicli he has accomplished his
proposed object. His book is most admirably cal-
ouliiled to fill up a blanlc which has long been felt to
exist in tl)is department of medical literature, and
as such must become very widely circulated amongst
all classes of the profession. — Dublin Quarterly
Journ. of Med. Science, Nov. 1857.
We have been favorably impressed with the gene-
ral manner in which Dr. Gross hasexecuted his tasic
of affordinsr a comprehensive digest of tlie present
stale of the literature of Pathological Anatomy, and
have much pleasure in recommending his work to
our readers, as we believe one well deserving of
diligent perusal and careful study. — Montreal Med.
Chron., Sept. Id57.
BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE DISEASES, INJURIES, AND
MALFORMATIONS OF THE URINARY BLADDER, THE PROSTATE GLAND, AND
THE URETHRA. Second Edition, revised and much enlarged, with one hundred and eighty-
four illustrations. In one laige and very handsome octavo volume, of over nine hundred pages.
{Just Issued.) In leather, raised bands, $5 25; extra cloth, $4 75.
A volume replete with truths and principles of the
utmost value in the investigation of these diseases. —
American Medical Journal.
On the appearance of the first edition of this work,
the leading English medical review predicted that it
would have a " permanent place in tlie literature of
surgery worthy to rank with the best works of the
present age." This prediction has been amply ful-
filled. Dr. Gross's treatise has been found to sup-
ply completely tlie want which has been felt ever
EUice the elevation of surgery to the rank of a science,
of a good practical treatise on the diseases of tlie
bladder and its accessory organs. Philosopliica! in
its design, methodical in its arrangement, ample and
sound in its practical details, it may in truth be said
to leave scarcely anything to be desired on so im-
portant a subject, and wilh the additions and modi-
fications resulting from future discoveries and im-
provements, it will probably remain one of the most
valuable works on this subject so long as the science
of medicine shall exist. — Boston Med. and Surg.
Journal.
Whoever will peruse the vast amount of valuable
practical information it contains, and which we
have been unable even to notice, will, we think,
agree with us, that there is no work in the English
language which can make any just pretensions to
be its equal. — N. Y. Journal of Medicine.
BY THE SAME AUTHOR. (Just IssUed).
A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON FOREIGN BODIES IN THE AIR-PAS-
SAGES. In one handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, with illustrations, pp. 468. $2 75.
A very elaborate work. It is a complete summary conclude by recommending it to our readers, fully
of the whole subject, and will be a useful book of persuaded that its perusal will afford them much
reference. — British and Foreign Medico- Chirurg. [practical information well conveyed, evidentlv de-
Review. rived from considerable experience and deduced from
AluKhly valuable book of reference on a most im- »" ample collection of [licta. — Dublin Quarterly
portant subject in the practice of medicine. We I Journal, May, 1855.
BY THE SAME AUTHOR. {Preparing.)
A SYSTEM OF SURGERY ; Diagnostic, Pathological, Therapeutic, and Opera-
tive. With very numerous engravings on wood.
GLUGE (GOTTLIEB), M.D.,
Professor of Physiology and Pathological Anatomy in the University of Brussels, &c.
AN ATLAS OF PATHOLOGICAL HISTOLOGY. Translated, with Notes
and Additions, by Joseph Leidy, M. D., Professor of Anatomy in the University of Pennsylva-
nia. In one volume, very large imperial quarto, extra cloth, with 320 figures, plain and colored,
on twelve copperplates. $5 00.
GARDNER'S MEDICAL CHEMISTRY, for the
use of Students and the Profession. In one royal
12iT)o. vol., ex. cloth, pp. 396, with illustrations.
SI 00.
HARRISON'S ESSAY TOWARDS A CORRECT
THEORY OF THE NERVOLS SVSTJvM. In
one octavo volume, leather, 292 pages. $1 50.
HUGHES' CLINICAL INTRODUCTION TO
THE PRACTICE OF AUSCUl-TA I ION AND
OTHER .MODES OF PHYSICAL DIAGNOSIS,
IN DISEASES OF THE LUNGS AND HEART.
Second American, from tlie second London edition.
1 vol. royal 12mo., ex. cloth, pp. m\. .ftl 00.
HUNTER'S CO.MPLETE WORKS, in 4 vols.
8vo., leather, with plates. SIO.
AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS.
17
HOBLYN (RICHARD D.), M. D.
^rowT^^T^FoT?^ '^^^^^ '^'^^^^^^ USED IN MEDICLNE AND THE
the las. I m,^, ^p^ENCES. By R.CHARD D. HoBLYN, A. M, &c. A new American from
hP " AmVr). T 'T- r^u'^'^r''' "^''^ numerous Additions, by Isaac Hays, M. D., editor of
nf nvir^nn ?l<^.. r"""?' "^ "'.'' ^'^<'''='^' Sciences." In one larpe royal 12mo. volum^, leather,
of over 500 double columned pages. (Ju.it Issued, 1856.) $1 50.
tl,iI!oluml'^"JnV?,YJ '!'''''", •"'''y" ''"^^ '"^"'^'^ *" 1""' '^"^''^ ^"^ Pf°«"'« a larger v^ork.- American
tliiB volume since Its reception from the publisher. Lancet.
two or three ^yceks ngo, be any criterion for the
future, the bmiiing will soon have to be renewed, even
with careful handling. We find that Dr. Hays has
done the profession great service by his careful and
industrious labors. Tiie Dictionary has thus become
eminently suited to our medical brethren in this
country. The additions by Dr. Hays are in brackets,
and we believe there is not a single page but bears
these insignia ; in every instance which we have thus
far noticed, the additi<ms are reallv needed and ex-
ceedingly valuable. We heartily commend the work
to all who wish to be au cnttrant in medical termi-
nology.— Boston Med. and Surg. Journal.
To both practitioner and student, we recommend
this dictionary as being convenient in size, accurate
in definition, and sufficiently full and complete for
ordinary consultation. — CkarlestonMed. Journ. and
RevieAv.
Admirably calculated to meet the wants of the
practitioner or student, who has neither the means
Hoblyn has always been a favorite dictionary, and
in its present enlarged and improved form will give
greater satisfietion than ever. The American editor,
Dr. Hays, has made many very valuable additions.
— iV. J. Med. Reporter.
To supply the want of the medical reader arising
from this cause, we know of no dictionary better
arranged and adapted than the one bearing the above
title. It is not encumbered with the obsolete terms
of a bygone age, but it contains all that are now in
use ; embracing every department of medical science
down to the very latest date. The volume is of a
convenient size to be used by the medical student,
and yet large enough to make a respectable appear-
ance in the library of a physician. — Western Lancet.
Hoblyn's Dictionary has long been a favorite with
us. It is the best book of definitions we have, and
ought always to be upon the student's table. —
Southern Med. and Surg. Journal.
HOLLAND (SIR HENRY), BART,, M.D.,F. R. S.,
Physician in Ordinary to the Queen of England, &c.
MEDICAL NOTES AND EEFLECTIONS. From the third London edition.
In one handsome octavo volume, extra cloth. {Now Ready.) $3 00.
As the work of a thoughtful and observant physician, embodying the results of forty years' ac-
tive professional experience, on topics of the highest interest, this volume is commended to the
American practitioner as well worthy his allention. Few will rise from its perusal without feel-
ing their convictions strengthened, and armed with new weapons for the daily struggle with
disease.
HABERSHON (S. O.), M. D.,
Assistant Physician to and Lecturer on Materia Medica and Therapeutics at Guy's Hospital, &c.
PATHOLOGICAL AND PRACTICAL OBSERVATIONS ON DISEASES
OF THE ALIJVIENTARY CANAL, CESOPHAGUS, STOMACH, C/ECUM, AND INTES-
TINES. With illustrations on wood. In one handsome octavo volume. {Repuhlishi7ig in the
Medical News and Library for 1858.)
HORNER (WILLIAM E.), M. D.,
Professor of Anatomy in the University of Pennsylvania.
SPECIAL ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY. Eighth edition. Extensively
revised and modified. In two large octavo volumes, extra cloth, of more than one thousand
pages, handsomely printed, with over three hundred illustrations. $6 GO.
HAMILTON (FRANK H.), M. D.,
Professor of Surgery, in Buffalo Medical College, &c.
A TREATISE ON FRACTURES AND DISLOCATIONS. In one handsome
octavo volume, with numerous illustrations. (Prepari7/g.)
JONES (T. WHARTON), F. R. S.,
Professor of Ophthalmic Medicine and Surgery in University College, London, ice.
TIIE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF OPHTHALMIC MEDICINE
AND SURGERY. With one hundred and ten illustrations. Second American from the second
and revised London edition, with additions b/ Edward Hartshor.\e, M. D., Surgeon to Wills'
Hospital cVc. In one large, handsome royal r2mo. volume, extra cloth, of 500 pages. (Now
Ready.)' $1 50.
We are confident that, the reader will find, on
perusal, that the executi<m of the work amply fulfils
the promise of the preface, and sustains, in every
point, the already hgh reputation of the author as
an ophthalmic surgeon as xvell as a physiologist
and natholo"ist. The book is evidently the result
of inuoh labor and research, »n(l has been written
with the irreatcst care and attention; it possesses
til .V best auality which a general work, like a sys-
em or manual cL show, viz : the quality of having
all the materials whencesoever derived, so thorough-
ly wrought up, and digested m the author's mind,
as to come forth with the freshness and impressive-
ness of an original production. We entertain little
doubt that this book will become what its author
hoped it might become, a manual for daily reference
and consultation by the student and the general prac-
titioner. The work is marked by that correctness,
clearness, and precision of style which distinguish
all the productions of the learned author. — British
and For. Med. Kevieie.
18
BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL
JONES (C. HANDFIELD), F. R. S., & EDWARD H. SI EV EKING, M.D.,
Assistant Physiciiuis and Lecturers in St. Mary's Hospital, London.
A MANUAL OF PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY. First American Edition,
Revised. With three hundred and ninety-seven handsome wood engravings. In one large and
beautiful octavo volume of nearly 750 pages, leather. $>3 l^h
present condition of pathologienl anatomy. In tliig
tliey liave been completely successful. The work is
one of the best compilations which we have ever
Asa concise text-book, containing:, in a condensed
form, a complete outline of what Ts known in tlie
domain of Pathological Anatomy, it is perhaps the
best work in the Eiisjlish languaofe. Its great merit
consists in its completeness and brevity, and in this
respect it supplies a great desideratuni in our lite-
rature. Heretofore the student of pathology was
obliged to glean from a great number of monographs,
and the field was so extensive that but few cultivated
it with any degree of success. As a simple work
of reference, therefore, it is of great value to the
student of pathological anatomy, and should be in
every physician's library. — Western Lancet.
In offering the above titled work to the public, the
authors have not attempted to intrude new views on
their professional brelliren, but simply to lay before
them, what has long been wanted, an outline of the
perused. — Charleston Medical Journal and Kevie/ie.
AVe urge upon our readers and the profession gene-
rally the importance of informing themselves in re-
gard to modern views of pathology, and recommend
to them to procure the \vork before us as the bes
means of obtaining this information. — Stethoscop e.
From the casual e.Kamination we have given we
are inclined to regard it as a text-book, plain, ra-
tional, and intelligible, such a book as the practical
man needs for daily reference. For this reason it
will be likely to be largely useful, as it suits itself
to those busy men who have little time for minute
investigation, and prefer a summary to an elaborate
tieatise. — Buffalo Medical Journal.
KIRKES (WILLIAM SENHOUSE), M. D.,
Demonstrator of Morbid Anatomy at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, &;c.
4 MANUAL OF PHYSIOLOGY. A n(!w American, from the third and
improved London edition. With two hundred illustrations. In one large and handsome royal
12nK). volume, leather, pp. 58(3. $2 00. (Now Ready, 18-57.)
In again passing this work through his hands, the author has endeavored to render it a correct
exposition of the present condition of the science, making such alterations and additions as have
been dictated by further experience, or as the progress of investigation has rendered desirable. In
every point of mechanical execution the publishers have sought to make it superior to former edi-
tions, and at the very low price at which it is offered, it will be found one of the handsomest and
cheapest volumes before the profession.
In making these improvements, care has been exercised not unduly to increase its size, thus
maintaining its distinctive characteristic of presenting within a moderate compass a clear and con-
nected view of its subjects, sufficient for the wants of the student.
One of the very best handbooks of Physiology we
possess— presenting just such an outline of the sci-
ence, comprising an account of its leading facts and
generally admitted principles, as the student requires
during his attendance upcm a course of lectures, or
for reference whilst preparing for examination. —
Am. Medical Journal.
We need only say, that, without entering into dis-
cussions of unsettled questions, it contains all the
recent improvements in this department of medical
science. For tlie student beginning this study, and
the practitioner who has but leisure to retresli his
memory, this book is invaluable, as it contains all
that it is important to know, without special details,
which are read with interest only by those who
would make a specialty, or desire to possessa critic
cal knowledge of the subject. — Charleston Medical
Journal.
This is a new and very much improved edition of
Dr. Kirkes' well-known Handbook of Physiology.
Oiiginally constructed on the basis of the ailmivabic
treatise of Miller, it has in successive editions de-
veloped itself into an almost original work, though
no change has been made in the plan or arrangement.
It combines conciseness with completeness, and is,
therefore, admirably adapted for consultation by the
busy practitioner. — Dublin Quarterly Journal, Feb.
18.57.
Its excellence is in its compactness, its clearness,
and its carefully cited authorities. It is the most
convenient of text-books. These gentlemen, Messrs
Kirkes and Paget, have really an immense talent for
silence, which is not so common or so cheap as prat-
ing people fancy. They have the gift of telling us
what we want to know, without tliinkiiig it neces-
sary to tell us all they know. — Boston Med. and
Surg. Journal, May 14, 1857.
KNAPP'S TECHNOLOGY ; or, Chemistry applied
to the Arts and to Manufactures. Edited, with
numerous Notes and Additions, by Dr. Edmund
Ronalds and Dr. Thomas Richardson. First
American edition, with Notes and Additions, by
Prof. Walter R. Johnson. In two tiandsome
octavo volumes, extra cloth, with aboutSOO wood-
engravings. $0 00.
LALLEMAND ON SPERMATORRHOEA. Trans-
lated and edited by Henry .1. McDougal. In one
volume, octavo, extra cloth, 320 pages. Second
American edition. $175.
LUDLOW (J. L.), M. D.
A MANUAL OF EXAMINATIONS upon Anatomy, Physiology, Surgery,
Practice of Medicine, Obstetrics, Materia Medica, Chemistry, Pharmacy, and Therapeutics. To
which is added a Medical Formulary. Designed for Students of Medicine throughout the United
Stales. Third edition, thoroughly revised and greatly extended and enlarged. With three
hundred and seventy illustrations. In one large and handsome royal 12mo. volume, leather, of
over 800 closely printed pages (Now Ready.) $2 50.
Thegreatpopuiarity of this volume, and the numerous demands for it during the two years in which
it has been out of print, have induced the author in its revi-.ion to spare no pains to render it a
correct and accurate digest of the most recent condition of all the branches of medical science. In
many respects it may, therefore, be regarded rather as a new book than a new edition, an entire
section on Physiology having been added, as also one on Orgranic Chemistry, and many portions
having been rewritten. A very complete series of illustrations has been introduced, and every
care has been taken in the mechanical execution to render it a convenient and satisfactory book for
study or reference.
The arrangement of the volume in the form of question and answer renders it especially suited
for the office examination of students and for those preparing for graduation.
We know 'if no better companion for the student
durinc; the hours spent in the lecture room, or to re-
fresh, at a glance, his memory of the various topics
crammed into his head 1)y the various professors to
whom he is compelled to listen. — Western Lancet,
May, ie57.
AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. ]9
LEHMANN (C. G.)
PHYSIOLOGICAL CIIEMTSTRY. Translated from the second edition by
Gkorgic E. Day, M. D., F. R. S., lVc , edilt-d by R. E. Roni-ns, M. D., Professor of Chemistry
ill the Metlical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, with illustrations selected from
Fnnke's Atlas of Physioloo:ioal Chemistry, and an Appendix of plates. Complete in two large
and handsome octavo volumes, extra cloth, containing 1200 pages, with nearly two hundred illus-
trations. {Just Issued.) $6 00.
This great work, universally acknowledged as the most complete and authoritative exposition of
the principles and details of Zoochemistry, in its passage through the press, has received from
Professor Rogers such care as was necessary to present it in a correct and reliable form. To such
a work additions were deemed superfluous, but several years having elapsed between the appear-
an"e m Germany of the first and last volume, the latter containijd a supplement, embodying nume-
rous corrections and additions resulting from the advance of the science. These have all been incor-
porated in the text in their appropriate places, while the subjects have been still furiner elucidated by
the insertion of illustrations from the AtlasofDr.OltoFunke. With the view of supplying the student
with the means of convenient comparison, a large number of wood-cuts, from works on kindred
subjects, have also been added in the form of an Appendix of Plates. The work is, therefore, pre-
sented as in every way worthy the attention of all who desire to be familiar with the modern facts
and doctrines of Physiological Science.
The most important contribution as yet made to
Pliysitilojjical Chemistry. — Am. Journal Med. Sci-
ences, Jan. 1856.
The present volumes belonnf to the small class of
me<licKl literature which comprises elaborate works
of the highest orderof merit. — Montreal Med. Chron-
icle, Jan. 1856.
The work of Lehmann stands unrivalled as the
most comprehensive book of reference and informa-
tion extant on every branch of the subject on which
it treats. — Edinburgh Monthly Journal of Medical
Science.
Already well known and appreciated by the scien-
tific world, Professor Nehniann's great w^ork re-
quires no laudatory sentences, as, under a new garb,
it is now presented to us. The little space at our
command would ill suffice to set forth even a small
portion of its excellences. — Boston Med. and Surg.
Journal, Dec. 1655.
BY THE SAME AUTHOR. (Just IsSUed, 1856.)
MANUAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSIOLOGY. Translated from the German,
with Notes and Additions, by J. Cheston Morris, M. D., with an Introductory Essay on Vital
Force, by Samuel .Iackson, M. D., Professor of the Institutes of Medicine in the University of
Pennsylvania. With illustrations on wood. In one very handsome octavo volume, extra cloth,
of 336 pages. $2 25.
From Prof. JacA-so7i's Introductory Essay,
In adopting the handbook of Dr. Lehmann as a manual of Organic Chemistry for the use of the
students of the University, and in recommending his original work of Physiologicai. Chemistry
for their more mature studies, the high value of his researches, and the great weight of his autho-
rity in that important department of medical science are fully recognized.
Thepresent volume will be a very convenient one I dcnsed form, the positive facts of Physiological
for students, as offering a brief epitome of the more Chemistry.— ^m. Journal .flled. Sciences, April, ISoO.
elaborate work, and as containing, in a very con- |
LAWRENCE (W.), F. R. S., &c.
A TREATISE ON DISEASES OF THE EYE. A new edition, edited,
with numerous additions, and 243 illustrations, by Isaac Hays, M. D., Surgeon to Will's Hospi-
tal, &c. In one very large and handsome octavo volume, of 950 pages, strongly bound in leather
with raised bands. $5 00.
This work is so universally recognized as the standard authority on the subject, that the pub-
lishers in presenting this new edition have only to remark that in its preparation the editor has
carefully revised every portion, introducing additions and illustrations wherever the advance of
science' has rendered them necessary or desirable, constituting it a complete and thorough
exponent of the most advanced state of the subject.
This admirable treatise- the safest guide and most 1 octavo pages-has enabled both author and editor to
com^^ehensfveworrof reference, wl.ich is within , do Justice to all thVlTilf,; -;, e'tVseLT^t^;^
the r'lach of the profession.-S.e.Ao5co;>e. , f^Zl^.^Zr^^l^Mr^c'^^^^^^^ del^nmenV,
This standard text-book on the department or ^^'^^.r^hy■ns pn^^^^^^^^
which it treats, has not been superseded, by any or '>^""^'>-'?7'"l"^,tnererv medical braJy The
all of the numerous publications on the sul'ject ence indispensable in ever) m^^^^^^
heretofore issued. Nor with the multiplied improve- additions "f''«, American edUor ve > ^j^e 'Uj en
ments of Dr. Hays, the American editor, is it at all , hance the value of the work, ex ubiti^^^^^
likely that this great work will cease to merit the «"f,«f ["f.^^^^^'f^^'^ ^^^j'kr autl rr ty o„ all sub!
confidence and preference of students or practition- ought »" 'f, ''.^\'^'/,^,^,f>'^^^^^^^^ ^ j^^a. Gaz.
ers. Us ample extent-nearly one thousand large , jects appertaining to this specialty, ly.x.mea.yx
LARDNER (DIONYSIUS), D. C. L., &.C.
H\NDBOOKS OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY AND ASTROxNOMY.
nics, "y'".''?'f''^;' /^>' ,•^"'4? 75. Second Course, containing Heat, Electricity,
iS:n::;is; . a;c^i:i;::;isJi; irelmeja^e n,yai i2mo., of f^^^^^^;^^:;^^^
$1 o.^THtRD Course («««.r.«<y), containing Meteorology and Astronomy, m one la.gevolume,
• royal 12mo. of nearly 800 pages, with 37 plates and 200 wood-cuts. $2 00.
20
BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL
LA ROCHE (R.), M. D., &.c.
YELLOW FEVER, considered in its Historical, Pathological, Etiological, and
Therapeutical Relations. Ineiiiiling- a Siceteh of the Disease as it has occurred in IMiilacielphia
from 1699 to 18.')4, with an examination of the connections between it antl the fevers icnown inuler
the same name in other parts of temperate as well as in tropical rej^ions In two large and
handsome octavo volumes of nearly 1500 pages, extra cloth. {Just Issued.) $7 00.
From Professor S. II. Dickson, Ckarlestcn, S. C,
September 18, 18.55.
A monument of intelligent and well applied re-
Be.-irch, almost without example. It is, indeed, in
itself, a large library, and is destined to constitute
the special resort as a book of reference, in the
subject of which it treats, to all future time.
We have not time at present, enjjaged as we are,
by d:i^- and by night, in the work of combating this
very disease, now prevailing in out city, to do more
than give this cursory notice of what we consider
as undoubtedly the most able and erudite medicdl
publication our country has yet produced I?iit in
view of the startlinir fact, that this, the most malig-
nant and unmanageable disease of modern times,
has for several years been prevailing in our country
to a greater extent than ever before; that it is no
longer confined to eitlicr large or small cities, but
penetrates country villages, plantati(uis, and farm-
houses; that it is treated witli scarcely better suc-
cess now than thirty or forty years ago; that there
is vast mischief done by ignorant pretenders to know-
ledge in regard to the disease, and in view of the pro-
bability that a majority of southern physicians will
be called upon to treat the disease, we trust that this
able and comprehensive treatise will he very gene-
rally read in the south. — Memphis Med. Recorder.
Tliis is decidedly the great American medical work
of the day — a full, complete, and systematic treatise,
unequHlled by any other upon the all-important sub-
ject of Yellow Fever. The laborious, indefatigable,
and learned author has devoted to it many years of
arduous research and careful study, and the result
is such as will reflect the highest lionor upon the
author and our country. — Southern Med. and Surg.
Journal.
The genius and scholarship of this great physician
could not have been belter employed than in the
erection of this towering monument to his own fame,
and to the glory of the medical literature of his own
country. It is destined to remain the great autho-
rity upon the subject of Yellow Fever. The student
and physician will find in these vidumes a risumi
of the sum total of the knowledge of the world up(m
the awful scourge which they so elaborately discuss.
The style is so soft and so pure as to refresh and in-
vigorate the mind while absorbing the thoughts of
the gifted author, while the publishers have suc-
ceeded in bringing theexternals intoa most felicitous
harm(my with the inspiration that dwells within.
Take it all in all, it is a book we have often dreamed
of, hut dreamed not that it would ever meet our
waking eye as a tangible reality. — Nashville Journal
of Medicine.
We deem it fortunate that the splendid work of
Dr. La Roche should have been issued from the press
at this particular time. The want of a reliable di-
gest of all that is known in relntion to this frightful
malady has long been felt — a want very satisfactorily
met in the work befnre us. We deem it but faint
praise to say that Dr. La R( die has succeeded in
presenting the profession with an able and complete
monograph, one wliicli will find its way into every
well ordered library. — Va. Stethoscope.
BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
PNEUMONIA ; its Supposed Connection, Pathological and Etiological, with Au-
tumnal Fevers, including an Inquiry into the Existence and Morbid Agency of Malaria. In one
handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, of 500 pages. $.3 00.
A more simple, clear, and forcible exposition of This work should be carefully studied by Southern
the groundless nature and dangerous tendency of physicians, embodying as it does the reflections of
certain pathological and etiological heresies, has an original thinker and close observer on a subject
seldom been presented to our notice. — N. Y. Journal peculiarly their own. — Virginia Med. and Surgical
of Medicine and Collateral Science. Journal.
LAYCOCK (THOMAS), M. D., F. R. S. E.,
Professor of Practical and Clinical Medicine in the University of Edinburgh, &c.
LECTURES ON THE PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF MEDICAL
OBSERVATION AND RESEARCH. For the Use of Advanced Students and Junior Prac-
titioners. In one very neat royal 12mo. volume, extra cloth. Price $1 00. {Just Published, 18-')'/.)
A review of the book cannot now be attempted ; | cuniarily) successful practice who would be very
and our desire is simply to recommend it to all — not | much benefited by a close study of its precepts and
merely the class for which it was designed; since principles. — Va. Med. Journal, March, 1857.
there are many senior practitioners in full and (pe- |
MULLER'S PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS AND METEOROLOGY. Edited,
with Additions, by R. Eglesfeld Griffith, M. D. In one larsre and handsome octavo vplume,
extra cloth, with 550 wood-cuts, and two colored plates, pp. 636. $3 50.
MILLER (HENRYl, M. D.,
Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children in the University of Louisville.
PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF OBSTETRICS, &c ; including the Treat-
ment of Chronic Inflammation of the Cervix and Body of the Uterus considered as a frequent
cause of Abortion. With about one hundred illustrations on wood. In one very iiandsome oc-
tavo volume, of over 600 pages. {Now Ready.) $3 75.
The reputation of Dr. Miller as an obstetrician is loo widely spread to require the attention of
the profession to be specially called to a volume containing the experience of his long and extensive
practice. Tlie very fav^orable reception accorded to his " Treatise on Human Parturition," issued
some years since, is an earnest that the present work will fulfil the author's iiit(>nlion of providing
within a moderate compass a ccniiplete and trustworthy text-book for the student, and book of re-
ference for the practitioner. Based to a certain extent upon the former work, but enlarged to more
than double its size, and almost wholly rewritten, it presents, besides the matured experience of
the author, the ino<t recent views and investigations of modern obstetric writers, such as Dt:bois,
Cazeaux, Sinipso.v, Tyler Smith, &:c., thus embodying the results not only of the American,
btit also of the Paris, the London, and the Edinburgh obstetric schools. The author's position for so
many years as a teacher of his favorite branch, has jfiv^en him a familiarity with the wants of stu-
dents and a facility of conveying instruction, which cannot fail to render the volume eminently
adapted to its purposes.
AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS.
21
MEIGS (CHARLES D.), M. D.,
Frofessor of Obstetrics, A,c. in the JelTerson Medical College, Philadelphia.
OBSTETRICS: THE SCIP^NCE AND THE ART. Third edition, revised
and improved. With one hundred and twenlv-nine illustrations. In one beautifully printed octavo
volume, leather, of seven hundred and fifty-two large pages. S3 75.
The rapid demand for another edition of this work is a sufficient expression of the favorable
verdict of the profession. In thus preparing- it a third time for the press, the author has endeavored
to render it in every rospeet worthy of the favor which it has received. To accomplish this he
has thoroughly revised it in every part. Some portions have been rewritten, others added, new
illustrations have been in many instances substituted for such a* were not deemed satisfactory,
while, by an alteration in the typographical arrangement, the size of the work has not been increased,
and the price remains unaltered. In iispiesenl improved form, it is, therefore, hoped that the work
will coiiiinue to meet tlie wants of the American profession as a sound, practical, and extended
System of Midwifery.
Though the work has received only five pages of
enlargement, its chapters tliroughout wear the im-
prcssiif careful revision Expunging .and rewriting,
rcinodelllng its sentences, with occasinnsil new ma-
terinl, all evince a lively desire that it shall deserve
tn he regarded as improved in manner as well as
rnniie.r. In the matter, every stroke of the pen has
iiicie^ised the value of the book, both in expungings
and additions — Western Lancet, Jan. 1S57.
BY THE SAME AUTHOR. {Lately Issued.)
WOMAN : HER DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES. A Series of Lee-
tiires to his Class. Third and Improved edition. In one large and beautifully printed octavo
volume, leather. pp. 672. $.3 60.
The gratifying appreciation of his labors, as evinced by the exhaustion of two large impressions
of this work within a few years, has not been lost upon the author, who has endeavored in every
way to render it worthy of the favor with which it has been received. The opportunity thus
afforded for a second revision has been improved, and the work is now presented as in every way
superior to its predecessors, additions and alterations having been made whenever the advance of
science has rendered them desirable. The typographical execution of the work will also be found
to have undergone a similar improvement, and the work is now confidently presented as in every
way worthy the position it has acquired as the standard American text-book on the Diseases of
Females.
The best American work on INIidwifcry that is
accessible to the student and practitioner — N. W.
Med. and Surg. Journal, Jan. 1857.
This is a standard -work by a great American Ob-
stetrician. It is the third and last edition, and, in
the larguage of the preface, the author has "brought
the subject up to the latest dates of real improve-
ment in our art and Science." — Nashville Journ. of
Med. and Surg., May, 1857.
It contains n vast amount of practical knowledge,
by one who has accurately observed and retained
the experience of many years, and who tells the re-
sult in a free, familiar, and pleasant manner. — Dub-
lin Quarterly Journal.
Tliere is an oflT-hand fervor, a glow, and a warm-
heartedness infecting the effnt of Dr. Meigs, which
is entirely captivating, and which absolutely hur-
ries the reader through from beginning to end. Be-
sides, the book teems with solid instruction, and
it shows the very highest evidence of ability, viz.,
the clearness with which the information is pre-
sented. We know of no better test of one's under-
standing a subject than the evidence of the power
The most elementary, as
such bold relief, as to produce distinct impressions
upon the mind and memory of the reader. — Th«
Charleston Med. Journal.
Professor Meigs has enlarged and amended this
great work, for such it unquestionably is, having
passed the ordeal of criticism at home and abroad,
but been improved thereby | for in this new edition
the author has introduced real improvements, and
increased the value and utility of the book im-
measurably. It presents so many novel, bright,
and sparkling thoughts; such an exuberance of new
ideas on almost every jiage, that we confess our-
selves to have become enamored with the book
and its author ; and cannot withhold our congratu-
lations from our Philadelphia confreres, that such a
teacher is in their service.— iV. Y. Med. Gazette.
of lucidly explaining it _
well as the obscurest subjects, under the pencil of
Prof. Meigs, are isolated and made to stand out in
BY THE SAME AUTHOR. {Lately Published.)
ON THE NATURE, SIGNS, AND TREATMENT OF CHILDBED
FEVER. In a Series of Letters addressed to the Students of his Class. In one handsome
octavo volume, extra cloth, of 365 pages. $2 50.
This book will add more to his fame than either
of those which bear his name. Indeed we doubt
whether anv material improvement will be made on
the teachings of this volume for a century to come,
since it is so eminently practical, and based on pro-
found knowledge of the science and consummate
skill in the art of healing, and ratified by an ample
and extensive experience, such as few men have the
industry or good fortune to acquire.— iV. Y. Med.
Gazette,
The instructive and interesting author of this
work, whose previous labors in the department of
medicine which he so sedulously cultivates, have
placed his countrymen under deep and abiding obli-
gati(ms, again challenges their admiration in the
fresh and vigorous, attractive and racy pages before
us. It is a delectable book. * * * This treatise
upon child-bed fevers will have an extensive sale,
being destined, as it deserves, to find a place in the
library of every practitioner who scorns to lag in the
tear.— Nashville Journal of Medicine and Surgery.
BY THE SAME AUTHOR ; WITH C0L0RT:D PLATES.
A TREATISE ON ACUTE AND CHRONIC DISEASES OF THE NECK
■^J.\L^^-^|^^-\^US With numerous plates, drawn and colored from nature in the highest
s^yle oVart In one handsome octavo volume, extra cloth. $4 50.
MALGAIGNE'S OPERATIVE SURGERY, based
on Normal and Pathological Anatomy. Trans-
lated from the French by Frederick Brittan,
A. B.,M D. Withnumerousillustrutionson wood
In one hnndsome octavo volume, extra cloth, of
nearly si.x hundred pages. $'.2 25.
AND THERA-
Comprising
lica, with every
;'-';"''\V^::^u^i)m^:i^edtrthVee British
Phrrmacopc^ as Edited with the addition of the
J^liarmat. i pharmacopceia, by R. E.
Formula o^fjil^« 1 12nio. vol. ex.cl.,300pp 7.Sc.
Formal
GaiFFiTf
22
BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL
MACLISE (JOSEPH), SURGEON.
SURGrlCAL ANATOMY. Forming one volume, very large imperial quarto.
With sixty-eight large and splendid Plates, drawn in the liest style and heautifiilly eoioreci. Con-
taining one hundred and ninety Figures, many of them the size of liCe. Togetlier with copious
and explanatory letter-press. Strongly and handsomely bound in extra cloth, being one oi" the
cheapest and best executed Surgical works as yet issued in this country. ©11 00.
*^* The size of this work prevents its transmission through the post-olFice as a whole, but those
who desire to have copies forwarded by mail, can receive them in five parts, done up m stout
w^rappers. Price $9 00.
One of the greatest artistic triumphs of the age
in Surgical Anatomy. — British American Medical
Journal.
Too much cannot he said in its praise; indeed,
we have not liingcRige to do it justice. — Ohio Medi-
cal and Surgical Journal.
The most admirable surgical atlas we have seen.
To the practitioner deprived of demonstrative dis-
sections upon the liuman subject, it is an invaluable
companion. — N. J. Medical Reporter.
The most accurately engraved and beautifully
colored plates we have ever seen in an American
bonk — one of the best and cheapest surgical works
ever published. — Buffalo Medical Journal.
It is very rare that so elegantly printed, so well
illustrated, and so useful a work, is offered at bo
moderate a price. — Charleston Medical Journal.
Its plates can boast a superiority which places
them almost beyond the reach of competition. — Medi-
cal Examiner. -.
Every practitioner, we think, should have a work
of this kind within reach. — Southern Medical and
Surgical Journal.
No such lithographic illustrations of surgical re-
gi(ms have hitherto, we think, been given. — Boston
Medical and Surgical Journal.
As a surgical anatomist, Mr. Maclise has proba-
bly no superior. — British and Foreign Medico-Chi-
rurgical Review.
Of great value to the student engaged in dissect-
ing, and to the surgeon at a distance from the means
of keeping up his anatomical knowledge. — Medical
Times.
The mechanical execution cannot be excelled. —
Transylvania Medical Journal.
A work which has no parallel in point of accu-
racy and cheapness in the English language. — iV. Y.
Journal of Medicine.
To all engaged in the study or practice of their
profession, such a work is almost indispensable. —
Dublin Quarterly Medical Journal.
No practitioner whose means will admit should
fail to possess it. — Ranking^s Abstract.
Country practitioners will find these plates of im-
mense value. — JV. Y. Medical Gazette.
We are extremely gratified to announce to the
profession the completion of this truly magnificent
work, which, as a whole, certainly stands unri-
valled, both for accuracy of drawing, beauty of
coloring, and all the requisite explanations of the
subject in hand. — The New Orleans Medical and
Surgical Journal.
This is by far the ablest work on Surgical Ana-
tomy that has come under our observation. We
Icnow of no other work that would justify a stu-
dent, in any degree, for neglect of actual diss'C-
ti(m. In those sudden emergencies that so often
arise, and which require the instantaneous command
of minute anatomical knowledge, a work of this kind
keeps the details of the dissecting-room perpetually
fresh in the memory. — The Western Journal of Medi-
cine and Surgery.
J^^ The very low price at which this work is furnished, and the beauty of its execution,
reqtiire an extended sale to compensate the publishers for the heavy expenses incurred.
MOHR (FRANCIS), PH. D., AND REDWOOD (TH EOPH I LUS).
PRACTICAL PHARMACY. Comprising the Arrangements, Apparatus, and
Manipulations of the Pharmaceutical Shop and Laboratory. Edited, with extensive Additions,
by Prof. William Procter, of the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. In one handsomely
printed octavo volutne, extra cloth, of 570 pages, with over 500 engravings on wood. $2 75.
MACKENZIE (W.), M. D.,
Surgeon Oculist in Scotland in ordinary to Her Majesty, &c. &c.
A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON DISEASES AND INJURIES OF THE
EYE. To which is prefixed an Anatomical Introduction explanatory of a Horizontal Section of
the Human Eyeball, by Thomas Wharton Jones, F. R. S. From the Fourth Revised and En-
larired London Edition. With Notes and Additions by Addinell Hewson, M. D., Surgeon to
Wills Hospital, &c. &c. In one very large and handsome octavo volume, leather, raised bands, with
plates and numerous wood-cuts. $5 25.
The treatise of Dr. Mackenzie indisputably holds
the firstplace, and forms, in respect of learning and
research, an Encyclopaedia uneqii;illed in extent by
any other work of the kind, eiliier English or foreign.
— Dixon on Diseases of the Eye.
Few modern books on any department of medicine
or surgery have met with such extended circulation,
or have procured for their authors a like amount of
European celebrity. The immense research which
it displayed, tlie thorough acquaintance with the
subject, practically as well as theoretically , and the
able manner in which the author's stores of learning
and experience were rendered available for general
use, at once procured for the first edition, as well on
the continent as in this country, that hi^h position
as a standard work wliich each successive edition
has more firmly established, in spite of the attrac-
tions of several rivals of no mean ability. This, the
fourth edition, has been in a great measure re-writ-
ten ; new matter, to the extent of one hundred and
fifty pages, has been added, and in several instances
formerly expressed opinions have been modified in
accordance with the advances in the science which
have been made of late years. Nothing worthy of
repetition upon any branch of the subject appears to
have escaped the author's notice. We consider it
the duty of every one who has the love of his profes-
sion and the welfare of his patient at heart, to make
himself familiar with this the most complete work
in the English language upon the diseases of the eye.
— Med. Titnes and Gazette.
The fourth edition of this standard work will no
doubt be as fully appreciated as the three former edi-
tions. It is unnecessary to say a word in its praise,
for the verdict has already been passed upon it by
the most competent judges, and " Mackenzie on the
Eye" has justly obtained a reputation which it is
no figure of speech to call world-wide. — British and
Foreign Medico-C hirurgical Review.
This new edition of Dr. Mackenzie's celebrated
treatise on diseases of the eye, is truly a miracle of
industry and learning. We need scarcely say that
he has entirely exhausted the subject of his specialty.
— Dublin Quarterly Journal.
AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS.
23
MILLER (JAMES), F. R. S. E.,
Professor of Surgery in the University of Edinburgh, &c.
PRINCIPLES OF SURGERY. Fourth American, from the third and revised
Edinburgh edition. In one large and very beautiful volume, leather, of 700 pages, with two
hundred and forty ex(iuisile illustrations on wood. (Just Issued, 18.')6.) $3 75.
The extended reputation enjoyed by this work will be fully maintained by the present edition.
Thoroughly revised by the author, it will be found a clear and compendious exposition of surgical
science in its most advanced condition.
In connection with the recently issued third edition of the author's " Practice of Surgery," it
forms a very complete system of Surgery in all its branches.
The work of Mr. Miller is ton well and too favor-
al)ly known Mmonjj us, as one of our best text-l>ook8,
to render any further notice of it necet^sary llian the
Hniiiiunoeinpnt of a new edition, the fourth, in our
ciiuntry, a proof of its extensive circulation amons:
lis. As a concise and re|jal)le exposition of the sci-
ence of modern surtrery, it stands deservedly hi£;h —
\\n know not its superior Boston Med. and Surg.
Jnitrnal,
It presents the most satisfnetory exposition of tlie
niodi'rn doctrines of the principles of surgery to be
found in any volume in any language. — N. Y. Journal
0} Medicine.
The work takes rank with Watson's Practice of
Physic; it certainly does not fall behind that preat
work in soundness of principle or depth of reason-
ing and research. Mo physician who values his re-
BY THE SAME AUTHOR. {NoW Ready.)
THE PRACTICE OF SURGERY. Fourth American from the htst EJin-
burgh edition. Eevised by the American editor. Illustrated by three hundred and sixty-four
engravings on wood. In one large octavo volume, leather, of nearly 700 pages. $3 7.5.
putation, or seeks the interests of his clients, can
acquit himself before his God and the world without
making himself familiar with the sound and philo-
sophical views developed in the foregoing book. —
A'etc Orleans Med. and Surg. Journal.
Without doubt the ablest exposition of the prin-
eiples of that branch of the healing art in any lan-
guage. This opinion, deliberately formed after a
careful study of the first edition, we have had no
cause to change on examining the second. This
edition has undergone thorough revision by the au-
thor; many expressions have been modilied, and a
mass of new matter introduced. The book is got up
in the finest style, and is an evidence of the progress
of typography in our country. — Charleston Medical
Journal and Review.
No encomium of ours could add to the popularity
of Miller's Surgery. Its reputation in this country
is unsurpassed by that of any other work, and, when
taken in connection with the author's Frinriples of
Surgery, constitutes a whcde, \\'ithout reference to
which no conscientious surgeon would be willing
to practice his art. The additions, by Dr. Sargent,
have materially enhanced the value of the work. —
Southern Medical and Surgical Journal.
It is seldom tliat two volumes have ever made so
profound an impression in so short a time as the
" Principles" and the " Practice" of Surgery by
Mr. Miller — or so richly merited the reputation they
have acquired. The author is an eminently sensi-
ble, practic;il, and well-informed man, who knows
exactly what he is talking about and exactly how to
talk it. — Kentucky Medical Recorder.
By the almost unanimous voice of the profession,
his works, both on the principles and practice of
surgery have been assigned the highest rank. If we
were limited to but one work on surgery, that one
should be Miller's, as we regard it as superior to all
others. — St. Louis Med. and Surg. Journal.
The author, distinguished alike as a practitioner
and writer, has in this and his " Principles," pre-
sented to the profession one of the most completeand
reliable systems of Surgery extant. His style of
writing is original, impressive, and engaging, ener-
getic, concise, and lucid. Few have the faculty of
condensing so much in small space, and at the same
time so persistently holding the attention; indeed,
he appears to make the very process of condensation
a means of eliminating attractions. Whether as a
text-book for students or a book of reference t'or
practitioners, it cannot be too strongly recommend-
ed.— Southern Journal of Med. and Phys. Sciences.
MONTGOMERY (W. F.), M. D., M. R. I. A., <Sic.,
Professor of Midwifery in the King and Queen's College of Physicians in Ireland, &c.
AN EXPOSITION OF THE SIGNS AND SYiMPTOMS OF PREGNANCY.
With some other Papers on Subjects connected with Midwifery. From the second and enlarged
English edition. With two exquisite colored plates, and numerous wood-cuts. In o^ne very
handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, of nearly COO pages. {Nuio Ready, 18-37.) §3 7.5.
The present edition of this classical volume is fairly entitled to be regarded as anew work, every
sentence havin"- been carefully rewritten, and the whole increased to more than double the original
size. The title of the work scarcely docs justice to the extent and importance of the topics
brou"-ht under consideration, embracing, with the exception of the operative procedures of mid-
wifery almo-^l everything connected with obstetrics, either directly or incidentally; and there are
fi-w ph'v^icians who will not find in its pasres much that will prove of great interest and value m
their d'lilv practice The special Essays on the Period ofHuman Gestation, the Signs of Delivery,
and the Spontaneous Amputation and other Lesions of the Foetus in Utero present topics of the
highest inleresl fully treated and beautifully illustrated. , ., u j , .• i
In every point of mechanical execution the work will be found one of the handsomest yet issued
from the American press.
has been weighed and reweighed through years of
preparation; that tliis is of all otiiers the book of
Obstetric Liiw, on each of its several topics; on all
points connected ■with pregnancy, to be everywhere
received as a manual of special jurisprudence, at
once announcing fact, atrorlingarguinent, establish-
ing precedent, and governing alike the juryman, ad-
v(icate, and judge. It is not merely in its legal re-
lations that we find tliis work so interesting. Hardly
a page but that has its hints or facts import.-int to
the general practitioner; and not a chapter without
espeoi;il matter for the anatomist, pin siologist, or
pathologist.— iV. A. Mtd.-Chir. {.■<■:■>-. Mitch,
1637.
A hook unusually rich in practical suggestions.—
Am Journal Med. Sciences, Jan. 1857.
These several subjects so interesting in them-
selves, and so important, every one of them, to the
most delicate and precious of social relations, con-
trollin<r often the honor and domestic peace ol a
family! the legitimacy of otTspring, or the lile of its
pi.rent, are all treated with an elegance of diction,
lulness of illustrations, acutenessand justice of rea-
sonin", unparalleled in obsletrics, and unsurpassed in
medicine The reader's interest can never Hag, so
fresh, and vigorous, and classical is our author s
st\le- and one forgets, in the renewed charm o
every' puge, that it.^and every line, and every word
24
BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL
NEILL (JOHN), M. D.,
Surgeon to the Pennsylvaniii Hospital, &c.; and
FRANCIS GURNEY SMITH, M.D.,
Professor of Institutes of Medicine in the Pennsylvania Aledical College.
AN ANALYTICAL COMPENDIUM OF THE VARIOUS BRANCHES
OF MEDICAL SCIENCE ; for the Use and Examination of Students. A new edition, revised
and improved. In one very larg-e and handsomely printed royal 12mo. volume, of al)()iit one
thousand pages, Vfilh 374 wood-cuts. Strongly bound in leather, with raised bands. $3 00.
The very flattering reception which has been accorded to this work, and the high estimate placed
upon it by the profession, as evinced by the constant and increasing demand which has rapidly ex-
hausted two large editions, have stimulated the authors to render the volume in its present revision
more worthy of the success which has attended it. It has accordingly been thoroughly examined,
and such errors as had on former occasions escaped observation have been corrected, and whatever
additions were necessary to maintain it on a level with the advance of science have been introduced.
The extended series of illustrations has been still further increased and much improved, while, by
a slight enlargement of the page, these various additions have been incorporated without increasing
the bulk of the volume.
The work is, therefore, again presentedaseminently worthy of the favor with which it has hitherto
been received. As a book for daily reference by the student requiring a guide to his more elaborate
text-books, as a manual for preceptors desiring to stimulate their students by frequent and accurate
examination, or as a source from which the practitioners of older date may easily and cheaply ac()tiire
a knowledge of the changes and improvement in professional science, its reputation is permanently
established.
The best work of the kind with which we are
acquainted. — Med. Exa7nineT.
Having made free use of this volume in our ex-
aminations of pupils, we can speak from experi-
ence in recommending it aa an admirable compend
for students, and as especially useful to preceptors
who examine their pupils. It will save tiie teaclier
much labor by enabling him readily to recall all of
the points upim wliicli his pupils sliould be ex-
amined. A work of this sort should be in the hands
of every one who takes pupils into his office with a
view of examining them ; and this is unquestionably
the best of its class. — Transylvania Med. Journal.
In the rapid course of lectures, where work for
the students is heavy, and review necessary for an
examination, a compend is not only valuable, but
it is almost a sine qua non. The one before us is,
in most of the divisions, the most unexceptionalile
of all books of the kind that we know of. The
newest and soundest doctrines and the latest im-
provements and discoveries are explicitly, though
concisely, laid before the student. There is a class
to whom we very sincerely commend this cheap book
as worth its weight in silver — that class is the gradu-
ates in medicine of more than ten years' standing,
who have not studied medicine since. Tliey will
perhaps find out from it that the science is not exactly
now what it was when they left it off. — Tht Stetho-
scope.
NEILL (JOHN), M. D.,
Professor of Surgery in the Pennsylvania Medical College, &c.
OUTLINES OF THE VEINS AND LYMPHATICS. With handsome colored
plates. 1 vol., cloth. $1 25.
OUTLINES OF THE NERVES. With handsome plates. 1 vol., cloth. $1 25.
I. A., &c.
NELIGAN (J. MO9RE), M. D., M. R.
{A splendid work. Just Issued.)
ATLAS OF CUTANEOUS DISEASES. In one beautiful quarto volume, extra
cloth, with splendid colored plates, presenting nearly one hundred elaborate representations of
disease. $4 50.
This beautiful volume is intended as a complete and accurate representation of all the varieties
of Diseases of the Skin. While it can be consulted in conjunction with any work on Practice, it has
especial reference to the author's " Treatise on Diseases of the Skin," so favorably received by the
profession some years since. The publishers feel justified in saying that k-w more beautifully exe-
cuted plates have ever been presented to the profession of this country.
The diagnosis of eruptive disease, however, under
all circumstances, is very difficult. Nevertheless
Dr. Neligan has certainly, "as far as possible,"
given a faithful and accurate representation of this
class of diseases, and there can be no doubt that
these plates will be of great use to the student and
practitioner in drawing a diagnosis as to the class,
order, and species to which the particular case may
belong. AVliile looking over the " Atlas" we have
been induced to examine also the " Practical Trea-
tise," and we are inclined to consider it a very su-
perior work, combining accurate verbal description,
with sound views of the path(dngy and treatment of
eruptive diseases. — Glasgow Med. Journal.
The profession owes its thanks to the publishers of
Neligan's Atlas of Cutaneous Diseases, for they have
BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON DISEASES OF THE SKIN. Second
American edition. In one neat royal r2mo. volume, extra cloth, of 334 pages. $1 00.
JB^" The two volumes will be sent by mail on receipt of Five Dollars.
placed within its reach and at a moderate cost a most
accurate and well delineated series of plates illus-
trating the eruptive disorders. These plates are all
drawn from the life, and in many of them the daguer-
reotype has been employed with great success. Such
virorks as these are especially useful to country prac-
titioners, who have not an opportunity of seeing the
rarer forms of cutaneous disease, and hence need the
aid of illustrations to give them the requisite infor-
mation on the subject. With these plates at hand,
the inexperienced practitioner is enabled to discri-
minate with much accuracy, and he is thus, com-
paratively speaking, put (m an equal footing with
those who have had the opportunity of visiting the
large hospitals of Europe and America.— Vo. Med.
Journal, June, 1856.
OWEN ON THE DIFFERENT FORMS OF 1
THE SKELETON, AND OF THE TEETH.
One vol. royal 12mo., extra cloth, with numerous
illustrations. (Just Issued.) $1 25.
AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS.
25
(Now Complete.)
PEREIRA (JONATHAN), M. D., F. R. S., AND L. S.
THE ELEMENTS OF MATERIA MEDICA AND THERAPEUTICS.
Third American edition, enlarged and improved by the author; including Notices of most of the
Medicinal Substances in use in the civilized world, and forming an Encyclopedia of Materia
Mcdica. Edited, with Additions, by Joseph Carson-, M. D., I'rofessor of Materia Medica and
Pharmacy in the University of Pennsylvania. In two very large octavo volumes of 2100 pages,
on small type, with about 500 illu-stralions on stone and wood, strongly bound in leather with
raised band.s. $9 00. '
Gentlemen who have the first volume are recommended to complete their copies without delay.
The first volume will no longer be sold separate. Price of Vol. II. $5 00.
Whtn wc remember that Pliilology, Natural His-
tory, Botany, Chemistry, Physics, and the Micro-
scope, are all brought forward to elucidate the sub-
ject, one cannot fail to see that the reader lias liere
a work worthy of the name of an encyclopoedia of
Materia Mcdica. Our own opinion of its merits is
that of its editors, and also that of the whole profes-
sion, both of this and foreign countries— namely,
" that in copiousness of details, in extent, variety,
and accuracy of information, and in lucid explana-
tion of difficult and recondite subjects, it surpasses
all other works on Materia Medica liitherto pub-
lished." We cannot close this notice without allud-
ing to the special additions of tlie American editor,
which pertain to the prominent vegetable produc-
tions of this country, and to the directions of the
United States PharmacopcEia, in connection with all
the articles contained in the volume which are re-
ferred toby it. The illustrationshave been increased,
and this edition by Dr. Carson cannot well be re-
piirded in any other liajht than that of a treasure
which should be found in the library of every physi-
cian.— New York Journal of Medical and Collateral
Science.
The third edition of his "Elements of Materia
Medica, although completed under the supervision of
others, is by fur the most ebiborate treatise in the
English language, and will, while medical literature
is cherished, continue a monument alike honorable
to his genius, as to his learning and industry. —
American Journal of Pharmacy.
The work, in its present shape, forms the most
comprehensive and complete treatise on materia
medica extant in the English language. — Dr.
Pereira has been at great pains to introduce into
his Avork, not only all the information on the
natural, chemical, and commercial history of medi-
cines, which miglitbe serviceable to the physician
and surge(m, but wliatever miglit enable his read-
ers to understand thoroughly the mode of prepar-
ing and manufacturing various articles employed
either for preparing medicines, or for certain pur-
poses in the arts connected with materia medica
and the practice of medicine. The accounts of the
physiological and therapeutic effects of remedies are
given with great clearness and accuracy, and in a
manner calculated to interest as well as instruct the
reader. — Edinburgh, Medical and Surgical Journal.
PEASLEE (E. R.), M. D.,
Professor of Physiology and General Pathology in the New York Medical College.
HUMAN HISTOLOGY, in its relations to Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology;
for the use of Medical Students. With four hundred and thirty-four illustrations. In one hand-
some octavo volume, of over 600 pages. (Now Ready.) $3 75.
The rapid advances made of late years in our knowledge of the structure and functions of the
elements which constitute the liuinan body, have rendered the subject of Histology of the highest
importance to all who regard medicine as a science. At the same time, the vast body of facts
covered by Physiology has caused our text-books on that subject to be necessarily restricted in
their treatment of the portions devoted to Histology. A want has, therefore, arisen of a work de-
voted especially to the minute anatomy of the body, giving a complete and detailed account of the
structure of the various tissues, as well as the solids and fluids, in all the diflerent organs — their
functions in health, and their changes in disease. In undertaking this task, the author has endea-
vored to present his extensive subject in the manner most likely to interest and benefit the physician,
confident that in these details will be found the basis of true medical science. The very large
number of illustrations introduced throughout, serves amply to elucidate the text, while the typo-
graphy of the volume will in every respect be found of the handsomest description.
PIRRIE (WILLIAM), F. R. S. E.,
Professor of Surgery in the University of Aberdeen.
THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF SURGERY. Edited by John
Neill, M. D., Professor of Surgery in the Penna. Medical College, Surgeon tothe Pennsylvania
Hospital, ice. In one very handsome octavo volume, leather, of 780 pages, with 316 illustrations.
$3 75.
We know of no other surgical work of a reason-
able size, wherein there is so much theory and prac-
tice, or where subjects are more soundly or clearly
taught.— The Stethoscope.
There is scarcely a disease of the bones or soft
parts, fracture, or dislocation, that is not illustrated
by accurate wood-engravings. Then, again, every
instrument employed by the surgeon is thus repre-
sented. These engravings are not only correct, but
really beautiful, showing the astonishing degree of
perfection to which the art of wood-engravmg has
arrived. Prof. Pirrie, in the work before us, has
elaborately discussed the principles of surgery, and
a safe and etfeclual practice predicated upon them.
Perhaps no work upon this subject heretofore issued
is so full upon the science of the art of surgery. —
j\'ashville Journal of Medicine and Surgery.
One of the best treatises on surgery in the English
language. — Canada Med. Journal.
Our impression is, that, as a manual for students,
Pirrie's is the best work extant. — Western Med. and
Surg. Journal,
PARKER (LANGSTON),
Surn-eon to the Queen's Hospital, Birmingham.
THE MODERN TREATMENT OF SYPHILITIC DISEASES, BOTH PRI-
MJKV AND SECONDARY; comprisinatheTreatmentof Constitutional and Confirmed Syphi-
lid a snfe and Miceessful method. With numerous Cases, Formulte, and Clinical Observa-
tions From the Third and entirely rewritten London edition. In one neat octavo volume,
extra clolli, of 316 pages. "' ""^
fl 75.
•26
BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL
PARRISH (EDWARD),
Lecturer on Practical Pharmacy and Materia IVIeilii'a in the Pennsylvania AcaOeniy of Medicine, Ac.
AN INTRODUCTION TO PRACTICAI. 1^11 ARM ACY. Dosignoa as a Text-
Book (or the Student, and as a Guide for the Physician and Pharniaceutisl. With many For-
miilse and Prescriptions. In one Jiandjonie octavo volume, extra cloth, of 550 pages, wuh 243
Illustrations. $2 75.
A careful examination of this work enables us to
speak of it in the highest terms, as being the best
treitise on practical pharmacy with which we are
acquainted, and an invaluable vade-mecum, not only
to the apothecary and to those practitioners who are
accustomed to prepare their own medicines, but to
every medical man and medical student. Through-
out (he work are interspersed valuable tables, useful
formula;, and practical hints, and the whole is illus-
trated by a large number of excellent wood-engrav-
ings.— Boston Med. and Surg. Journal.
This is altogether one of the most useful books we
have seen. It is just what we have long felt to be
needed by apothecaries, students, and practitioners
of medicine, most of whom in this country have to
put up their own prescriptions. It bears, upon every
page, the impress of practical knowledge, conveyed
in a plain common sense manner, and adapted to tlie
compreliension of all who may read it. No detail
has been omitted, however trivial it may seem, al-
though really important to the dispenser of medicine.
— Southern Med. and Surg, .lournal.
To both the country practitioner and the city apo-
thecary this work of Mr. I'arrish is a godsend. A
careful study of its contents will give tlie young
graduate a familiarity witii the value and mode of
administering his presciiplions, which will be of as
much use to his patient as to himself. — Va. Med.
Journal.
Mr.Parrish has rendered a very acceptable service
to the practitioner and student, by furnishing this
book, which contains the leading facts and principles
of the science of Pharmacy, conveniently arranged
for study, and with special reference to those features
of the subject which possess an especial practical in-
terest to the physician. It furnishes the student, at
the commencement of his studies, with that infor-
mation which is of the greatest importance in ini-
tiating liini into the domain of Cuemistry and Materia
Medica ; it familiarizes him with the compounding
of drugs, and supplies those minulia' which hut I'i'W
practitiimers oun impart. The junior practitioner
will, also, find tliis volume replete with instruction.
— Charleaton Med. Journal and /leiueic, Mar. 1N3G.
There is no useful information in the dctailsof the
apothecary's or country physician's office conducted
according (o science that is omitted. The young
physician will find it an encyclopedia of indlsiieiiNa-
ble medical knowledge, from the purchase of a spa-
tula to the compounding of the most learned pre-
scriptions. The woikis by theablest pharmaceutift
in the United States, and must meet with an im-
mense sale. — ISashville Journal of Medicine, April,
1856.
We are glad to receive this excellent work. It
will supply a want long felt by the profession, and
especially by the student of Pharmacy. A large
majority of physicians are ol)ligeU to cnmpouiid
tlieir own medicines, and to llieiii a work of this
kind is indispensable. — N. O. Medical and Surgical
Journal.
AVe cannot say but that this volume is one of the
most welcome and appropriate which has for a long
time been issued from the press. It is a work which
we doubt not will at once secure an extensive cir-
culation, as it is designed not only for the druggist
and pharmaceutist, but also for the great hody of
practitioners throughout the country, who not only
have to prescribe medicines, but in the majority of
instances have to rely upon their own resources —
whatever these may be — not only to compound, but
also to manufacture the remedies they are called
upon to administer. The author has not mistaken
the idea in writing this volume, as it is alike useful
and invaluable to those engaged in the active pur-
suits of the i)rofessi(m, and to those preparing to en-
ter upon the field of professional labors. — American
Lancet, March 524, 185G.
RICORD (P.), M. D.,
A TREATISE ON THE VENEREAL DISEASE. By John Hunter, F. R. S.
With copious Additions, by Ph. Kicord, M. U. Edited, with Notes, by Freeman J. Bumstead,
M. D. In one handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, of 520 pages, with plates. $3 25.
Every one will recognize the attractiveness and secretaries, sometimes accredited and sometimes not.
value which this work derives from thus preseniing
the opinions of these two masters side by side. Uul,
it must be admiiled, what has made the fortune of
the book, is the fact that il contains the "most com-
plete eml>odimeiit of the veritable doctrines of the
HOpital du Midi," which has ever been msde public.
The doctrinal ideas of M. Ilicord, ideas which, if not
universally adopted, aie iiicoiilesiably dominant, have
heretofore only been interpreted by more or less skilful
In the notes to Hunter, the master subsiiiules him-
self forhis interpreters, and gives hisorigiiial thoughts
to the world in a lucid and perfectly intelligible man-
ner. Ill conclusion we can say that this is iiicoii-
testably the best treatise on syphilis with which we
are acquainted, and, as we do not often employ the
phrase, we may be excused for expressmg tlie iiope
that it may find a place in the library of every phy-
sician.— Virginia Med. and Surg. Journal.
BY THE SAME AtJTHOR
IliLUSTRATIONS OF SYPHILITIC DISEASE.
Translated by Thomas F. Betton, M. i). With
fifty large quarto colored plates. In one large
quarto volume, extra cloth. $15 00.
LETTERS ON SYPHILIS, addressed to the Chiel
Editor ol the Union Medicale. Translated by \V.
P. Lattimore, M.D. In one neat octavo vol-
ume, of 270 pages, extra cloth. $2 00.
RIGBY (EDWARD), M.D.,
Senior Physician to the General Lying-in Hospital, &c.
A SYSTEM OF MID\V1FERY. With Notes and Additional Illustrations.
Second American Edition. One volume octavo, extra clolh, 422 pages. $2 50.
BY THE SAME AUTHOR. (^Now Ready, 1857.)
ON THE CONSTITUTIONAL TREATMENT OF FEMALE DISEASES.
In one neat royal ]2mo. volume, extra cloth, of about 250 pages. $1 00.
The aim of the author has been throughout to present sound practical views of the important
subjects under consideration ; and williout entering into theoretical disputations and disquisitions to
enil)ody the results of his long and extended experience in such a condensed form as would be
easily accessible to the practitioner.
EOYLE'S MATERIA IMEDICA AND THERAPEUTICS; including the
Preparations of the Pharmacopoeias of London, Edinburgh, Dublin, and of the United Stales.
With many new medicines. Edited by Joseph Carson, M. D. With ninety-eight illustrations.
In one large octavo volume; extra cloth, of about 700 pages. $3 00.
AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS.
'21
RAMSBOTHAM (FRANCIS H.), M.D.
THE PRINCIPLES ANJ> PRACTICE OP OBSTETRIC MEDICINE AND
SURCJKRy, in reference to the Process of Parturition. A new and enlarged edition, tiioroiighly
revised liy tiie Author. With Additions by \W . V. Keating, M. D. In one large and handsome
iniperia! octavo volume, ol 6-'jO pages, strongly bound in leather, with raised bands; wiih sixtv-
I'our beautiful Plales, and numerous Wood-cuis in the text, containing in all nearly two hundred
large and beautiful figures. {LMtely Issued, 1856.) $5 00.
In calling the attention of the profession to the new edition of this standard work, the publishers
would remark that no efforts have been spared to secure for it a continuance and extension of the
remarkable favor with which it has been received. The last London issue, which was considera-
bly enlarged, has received a further revision from the author, especially for this country. Its pas-
sage through the press here has been supervised by Dr. Keating, who has made numerous addi-
tions with a view of presenting more fully whatever was necessary to adapt it thoroughly to
American modes of practice. h\ it.s mechanical execution, a like superiority over former editions
will be found.
From Prof. Hodge, of the University of Fa.
To the American public, it is most valuable, from its intrinsic undoubted excellence, and as being
the best authorized exponent of British Midwifery. Its circulation will, I trust, be extensive throughout
our country.
cine and Surgery to our library, and confidently
recommend it to our readers, with the assurance
that it will not disappoint their most sanguine ex-
pectations.— Western Lancet.
It is unnecessary to gay anything in regard to the
utility of tliis work. It is already appreciated in our
country for the value of the matter, the clearness of
its style, and the fulness of its illustrations. To the
pliysician's library it is indispensable, wliile to the
student as a text-book, from whicli to extract the
material for laying the f^oundation (if an education on
obstetrical science, it has no superior. — Ohio Med.
and Surg. Journal.
"We will only add that the student will learn from
it all he need to know, and tlie practitioner will find
it, as a book of reference, surpassed by none other. —
Stethoscope.
The character and merits of Dr. Ramsbotham's
work are so well known and thorouglily established,
that comment is unnecessary and praise superfluous.
The illustrations, which are numerous and accurate,
are executed in the highest style of art. We cannot
too highly recomaiend the work to our readers. — St.
Louis Med. and Surg. Journal.
The pulilisliers have shown their appreciation of
the merits of this work and secured its success by
the truly elegant style in which they have brought
it out, excelling themselves in its production, espe-
cially in its plates. It is dedicated to Prof. iVIeigs,
and has the emphatic endorsement of Prof. Ilodge,
as the best exponent of British INIidwifery. We
know of no text-book which deserves in all respects
to be more highly recommended to students, and we
could wish to see it in the liands of every practitioner,
for they will find it invaluable for reference. — Med.
Gazette.
But once in a long time some brilliant genius rears
his head above the horizon of science, and illumi-
nates and purifies every department that he investi-
g;ites; and his works become types, by which innu-
merable imitators model their feeble productions.
Such a genius we find in the younger Rainsbotham,
and such a type we find in the work now before us.
The binding, paper, type, the engravings and wood-
cuts are all so excellent as to make this book one of
the finest specimens of the art of printing that have
given such a world-wide reputation to its enter-
prising and liberal publishers. We welcome Rams-
botham's Principles and Practice of Obstetric Mcdi-
ROKITANSKY (CARL), M.D.,
Curator of the Imperial Palholngical Pituscum, and Professor at the University of Vienna, &c.
A MANUAL OF PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY. Four volumes, octavo,
bound in two, extra cloth, of about 1200 pages. Traiislaled by W. E. Swai.ne, Ecward Sieve-
king, C. II. MooKE, and G. E. Day. {Ji/it Issued.) $5 50
To render this large and imporiant work more easy of relerenee, and at the same time less cum-
brous and costly, the lour volumes have been arranged in two, retaining, however, the separate
paging, cVc.
The publishers feel much pleasure in presenting to the profession of the United States the great
work of Prof. Rokitansky, which is universally referred to as the slaiidard of authority by the pa-
thologists of all nations. Under the auspices of the Sydenham Society of London, the combined
labor'of four translators has at length overcome the almost insuperable dilRculties which have so
lono- prevented the appearance of the work in an English dress. To a work so widely known,
eulooy is unnecessary, and the publishers would merely state that it is said to contain the results
of not less than thirty thousand post-mortem, examinations made by the author, diligently com-
pared, generalized, and wrought into one complete and harmonious system.
so charged his text with valuable truths, that any
attempt of a reviewer to epitomize is at once para-
lyzed, and must end in a failure. — Western Lancet.
As this is the highest source of knowledge upon
the important subject of which it treats, no real
student can afford to he without it. The American
publishers have entitled themselves to the thanks of
the profession of their country, for this timeous and
beautiful edition. — Nashville Journal of Medicine. .
As a book of reference, therefore, this work roust
prove of inestimable value, and we caunot too highly
recommend it to the profession. — Charleston Mtd.
Journal and Review, Jan. 1S56.
This book is a necessity to every practitioner.—
Am. Med. Monthly.
The profession is too well acquainted with the re-
putation of Rokitanskv's work to need our assur-
ance that this is <me of the most profound, thorough,
and valuable books ever issued from the medical
press It is .'<«» g^ener;.?, and has no standard of cmn-
parison. It is only necessary to announce that it is
issued in a form as cheap as is compatible with Us
size and preservation, and its sale follows as a
matter of course. No library can be called com-
plete without it.— Buffalo Med. Journal.
An attempt to give our readers any adequate idea
of the vast amount of instruction accumulated in
these volumes, would be feeble and hopeless. The
elfort of the distinguished author to concentrate
in a small space his great fund of knowledge, has
SCHOEDLER (FRIEDRICH), PH.D.,
Professor of the Natural Sciences at Worms, &c.
28
BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL
SMITH (HENRY H.), M.D.,
Professor of Surgery in the University of Peiuisylvuniii, &c.
MINOR SURGERY; or, Hints on the Every-day J)uties of the Surgeon. Illns-
tralcd by two hundred and forty-sseven illustrations. Third and enhir^ed edition. In one hand-
some royal 12mo. volume, pp. 456. In leather, ©2 25; extra cloth, $2 00.
A work such as the present is therefore highly
useful to the student, anil we commend this one
to their attention. — Amnrican Journal of Mtilical
Sciences.
No operator, however eminent, need hesitate to
consult this unpretending yet excellent book. Thr)se
who are young in the business would find Dr. Smith's
treatise a necessary companion, after once umler-
standiiigits true character. — Boston Med. and Surg.
Journal.
No young practitioner should be without this little
volume; and we venture to assert, that it may be
consulted by the senior members of the profession
with more real benefit, than the more volummoua
works. — Westtrn Lancet.
And a capital little book it is. . . Minor Surgery,
we repeat, is really Major Surgery, and anything
which teaches it is worth having. So we cordially
recoiiimend this little book of Dr. Smith's. — Med.-
Chir. Review.
This beautiful little work has been compiled with
a view to the wants of the profession in tlie matter
of bandaging, <Scc.,and well and ably has the author
performed his labors. Well adapted to give the
requisite information on the subjects of which it
treats. — Medical Examiner.
The directions are plain, and illustrated through-
out with clear engravings. — London Lancet.
One of the best works they can consult on the
subject of which it treats. — Southern Journal of
Medicine and Pharmacy.
BY THE SAME AUTHOR, AND
HORNER (WILLIAM E.), M.D.,
Late Professor of Anatomy in the University of Pennsylvania.
AN ANATOMICAL ATLAS, illustrative of the Structure of the Human Body.
In one volume, large imperial octavo, extra cloth, with about six hundred and fifty beautiful
figures. $3 00.
These figures are well selected, and present a , late the student upon the completion of this Atlas,
complete and accurate representation of that won- as it is the most convenient work of the kind that
derful fabric, the human body. The plan of this has yet appeared ; and we must add, the very beau-
Atlas, which renders it so peculiarly convenient tiful manner in wliich it is " got up" is so creditable
for the student, and its superb artistical execution, to the country as to be flattering to our national
have been already pointed out. We must congratu- | pride. — American Medical Journal.
SARGENT (F. W.), M. D.
ON BANDAGING AND OTHER OPERATIONS OF MINOR SURGERY.
Second edition, enlarged. One handsome royal 12mo. vol., of nearly 400 pages, with 182 wood-
cuts. Extra cloth, $1 40; leather, $1 50.
This very useful little work has long been a favor-
ite with practitioners and students. The recent call
for a new edition has induced its author to make
numerous important additions. A slight alteration
in tlie size of the page has enabled him to introduce
the new matter, to the extent of some fifty pages of
the former edition, at the same time that his volume
is rendered still more compact tlian its less coinpre-
iiensive predecessor. A double gain in thus effected,
which, in a vade-mecum (f this kind, is a material
improvement. — Am. Medical Journal.
Sargent's Minor Surgery has always been popular,
and deservedly so. It furnishes that knowledge of the
most frequently requisite performances of surgical
art which cannot be entirely understood by attend-
ing clinical lectures. The art of bandaging, which
is regularly taught in Europe, is very frequently
overlooked by teachers in this country ; tlie student
and junior practitioner, therel'ore, may often require
that knowledge which this little volume so tersely
and happily supplies. It is neatly printed and copi-
ously illustrated by the enterprising publishers, and
should be possessed bv all who desire to be thorough-
ly c<mversant with tlie details of this branch of our
art. — Charleston Med. Journ. and Review, March,
lbo6. ■
A work that has been so long and favorably known
to the profession as Dr. Sargent's Minor Surgery,
needs no commendation from us. We would remark,
however, in this connection, that minor surgery sel-
dom gets that attention in our schools that its im-
portance deserves. Our larger works are aleo very
defective in their teaching on these small practical
points. This little book will supply the void which
all must feel who have not studied its pages. — West-
ern Lancet, March, 1856.
We ccmfess our indebtedness to this little volume
on many occasions, and can warmly recommend it
to our readers, as it is not above the consideration
of the oldest and most experienced. — American Lan-
cet, March, 1850.
SKEY'S OPERATIVE SURGERY. In one very
handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, <if over G.jO
pages, with about one hundred wood-cuts. $.3 25.
STANLEY'S TREATISE ON DISEASES OF
THE BONES. In one volume, octavo, extra cloth,
286 pages. Bl 50.
SOLLY ON THE HUMAN BRAIN; its Structure,
Physiology, and Diseases. From the Second and
much enlarged London edition. In one octavo
volume, extra cloth, of 500 pages, with 120 wood-
cuts. $2 00.
SIMON'S GENERAL PATHOLOGY, as conduc-
ive to the Establishment of Rational Principles
for the preventi<m and Cure of Disease. In one
neat octavo volume, extra cloth, of 212 naees.
SI 25. *
STILLE (ALFRED), M.D.
PRINCIPLES OF GENERAL AND SPECIAL THERAPEUTICS
handsome octavo. {Freparitig.)
In
SIBSON (FRANCIS), M. D.,
Physician to St. Mary's Hospital.
MEDICAL ANATOMY. Illustrating the Form, Structure, and Position of the
Internal Organs in Health and Disease. In large imperial quarto, with splendid colored plates.
To match "Maclise's Surgical Anatomy." Part I. {Pr&pariiig.)
AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS.
29
SHARPEY (WILLIAM), M.D., JONES QUAIN. M D AND
RICHARD QUAIN, F. R. S., Sic.
HUMAN ANATOMY. Revised, with Notes and Additions, by Joseph Leidy
M. U., Professor of Analomy in the (Iniversily of Pennsylvcinia. Cornplele i.i two larije octavo
volumes, leather, of about thirteen huudred pages. Beautifully illustrated with over fivf hundred
engravings on wood. $6 00. uvcuuuuicu
It is indeed a w..rk culcuhUed to make an era in I he will find here a work at once bo comprehensive
an=.tom..al study l,y placing before the student ' and practical as to defend him from exclusiveness
every department of his science, with a view to on the one hand, and pedantry on the o he?
the relative importance of each; and so skilfully Journal and Retrospect of tke Medical SciVnceT
have the dilTerenl, parts been interwoven, that no ' ^v.. h ^ . ■ 'i<^ "cat ociences.
one who makes this work the basis of his studies, '• .■ "ave no hesitationin recommending this trea-
will hereafter have any excuse f.)r neRlectin? o^ if, "" ?,""",;'"^7^, "« most complete on tliat sub-
undervaluing any important particulars c.mnected \ Ter ,• 1 in .n? l'. '""S"=^g^: . an'* ^'e only one,
with the structure of the human frame: and '^ri'' i, I- ""i'^"' V''"''' '"■'"■'?«"'*' «'»'«
whether the bias of his mind lead him in a more i "'(""T/Tlr ''?''' i n'r i"" 'Tc'' ''"".'" '''''=°-
especial manner to surgery, physic, or physiology, veries.-T/ie Edinburgh Mtd. and Surg. Journal.
SMITH (W. TYLER), M. D.,
Physician Accoucheur to St. Mary's Hospital, &c.
ON PARTURITION, AND THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OP
OBSTETRICS. In one royal 12mo. volume, extra cloth, of 400 pages. $12-5.
BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE PATHOLOGY AND TREAT3IENT
OF LEUCORRIia^A. "With numerous illustrations. In one very handsome octavo volume,
extra cloth, of about 2.'50 pages. $1 50.
We liail the appearance of this practical and invaluable work, therefore, as a real acquisition to our
medical literature. — Medical Gazette.
TAYLOR (ALFRED SJ, M. D., F. R. S.,
Lecturer on Medical Jurisprudence and Chemistry in Guy's Hospital.
MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE. Fourth American, from the fifth improved and
enlarged English Edition. With Notes and References to American Decisions, by Edward
Hartshorne, M. D. In one large octavo volume, leather, of over seven hundred pases. (Just
I.s.'iiud, 1S.')6.) $3 00. •- » V
This standard work has lately received a very thorough revision at the hands of the author, who
has introduced whatever was necessary to render it complete and satisfactory in carrying out the
objects in view. Ttie editor has likewise used every exertion to make it equally thorough with
regard to all matters relating to the practice of this country. In doing this, he has carelully ex-
ainiiied all that has appeared on the subject since the publication of the last edition, and has incorpo-
rated all the new information thus presented. The work has thus been considerably increased in
size, notwithstanding whicih, it has been kept at its former very moderate |)rice,aiid in every respect
it will be found worthy of a continuance of the remarkable favor which has carried it through so
many editions on both sides of the Atlantic. A lew notices of the former editions are appended.
We know of no work on Medical Jurisprudence
whicli contains in the same space anything like the
same amount of valuable matter. — JV. Y. Journal of
Medicine
No work upon the subject can be put into the
hands of students either of law or medicine which
will engage them more closely or profitalily ; and
none could be olfered to the busy practitiimer of
either calling, for the purpose of casual or hasty
reference, that would be more likely toatford the aid
desired. We therefore recommend it as the best and
safest manual for daily use. — American Journal oj
Medical Sciences.
So well is this work known to the members both
of the medical and legal professions, and so highly
is it appreciated by them, that it cannot be necessary
for us to say a word in its commendation ; its having
already reached a fourth edition being the best pos-
sible testimony in its favor. The autlior has ob-
viously subjected the entire work to a very caretul
revision. — Brit, and Foreign Med. Chirurg. Review.
This work of Dr. Taylor's is generally acknow-
ledged to be one of the ablest extant on the subject
of medical jurisprudence. It is certainly one of the
BY THE same author.
ON POISONS, IN RELATION TO MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE AND
MEDICINE. Edited, with Notes and Additions, by R. E. Griffith, M. D. In one large octavo
volume, leather, oftiSS pages. $3 00
TODD (R. B.), M. D., F. R. S., &c.
CLINICAL LECTURES ON CERTAIN DISEASES OF THE URINARY
ORGANS AND ON DROPSIES. In one octavo volume. (Now Ready, 18.37.) SI 50
The valuable practical nature of Dr. Todd's writings have deservedly rendered them favorites
with the pro ession, and the present volume, embodying the medical aspects of a class of diseases
not eUcwhcre to be foimd similarly treated, can hardly fail to supply a want long felt by the prao-
litloner
most attractive books that we have met with; sup-
plying so much both to interest and instruct, that
we do not hesitate to affirin that after having once
commenced its perusal, (ew could be prevailed upon
to desist before completing it. In the last London
edition, all the newly observed and accurately re-
corded facts have been inserted, including much that
is recent of Chemic;il, Microscopical, and Patholo-
gical research, besiiles papers on numerous subjects
never before published.-CAaWei«on Medical Journal
and Review.
It is not excess of praise to say that the volume
before us is the very best treatise extant on Medical
Jurisprudence. In saying this, we do not wish to
be understood as detracting from the merits of the
excellent works of Beck, Ryan, Traill, Guy, and
others; but in interest and value we think it must
be conceded that Taylor is superior to anything that
has preceded it. The author is already well known
to the profession by his valuable treatise on Poisons;
and the present volume will add materially to his
liisrh reputation for accurate and extensive know-
ledge and (I'scriminating judgment. — N. W. Medical
and Surgical Journal.
30
BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL
Now Complete (April, 1857.)
TODD (ROBERT BENTLEY), M. D., F. R. S.,
Professor of Pliysiology in King's College, London; and
WILLIAM BOWMAN, F. R. S.,
Demonstrator of Anatomy in King's College, London.
THE PHYSIOLOGICAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF MAN. With
about three Iinndred large and beautiful illustrations on wood. Complete in one large octavo
volume, of y.jO pages, leather. Price $1 50.
The very great delay which has occurred in the completion of this work has arisen from the de-
sire of the authors to verify by their own examination the various questions and statements pre-
sented, thus rendering the work one of peculiar value and authority. By tlie wideness of its scope
and the accuracy of its facts it thus occupies a position of its own, and becomes necessary to all
physiological students.
1^° Gentlemen who have received portions of this work, as published in the " Medical News
AND Library," can now complete their copies, if immediate application be made. It will be fur-
nished as follows, free by mail, in paper covers, with cloth backs.
Parts I., II., III. (pp. 25 to 552), $2 50.
Part IV. (pp. 553 to end, with Title, Preface, Contents, &rc.), $2 00.
Or, Part IV., Section II. (pp. 725 to end, with Title, Preface, Contents, tVc.), $1 25.
In the present part fthird) some of the most diffi-
cult subjects in Anatomy and Piiysiology are handled
in the most masterly manner. Its authors have
stated that this work was intended " for the use of
the student and practitioner in medicine and sur-
gery," and we can recommend it to both, confident
that it is tlie most perfect work of its kind. We
cannot conclude without strongly recommending the
present work to all classes of our readers, recogniz-
ing talent and depth of research in every Jinge, arjd
believing, as we do, tliat the dilfusion of such know-
ledge will certainly tend to elevate the sciences of
Medicine and Surgery. — Dublin Quarterly Journal
of Medical Sciences.
TANNER (T. H.), M. D.,
Physician to the Hospital for Women, &c.
A MANUAL OF CLINICAL 3IEDICINE AND PHYSICAL DIAGNOSIS.
To which is added The Code of El hies of the American Medical Association. Second
American Edition. In one neat volume, small 12mo. Price in extra cloth, 87j cents ; flexible
style, for the pocket, 80 cents.
Suited alike to tlie wants of students and practi-
tioners, it has only to be seen, to win for itself a
place upon the shelves of every medical library.
Nor will it be " shelved" long at a time ; if we mis-
take not, it will be found, in the best sense of the
liomely but expressive word, " handy." The style
is admirably clear, while it is so sententious as not
to burden the memory. The arrangement is, to our
mind, unexceptionable. Tlie work, in short, de-
serves the hearliest commendatiou. — Boston Med.
and Surg. Journal.
Dr. Tanner has, in a happy and successful manner,
indicated the leading particulars to which, in the
clinical study of a case of disease, the attention of
the physician is to be directed, the value and import
of the various abnormal phenomena detecteil, and the
several instrumental and accessory means which
may be called into requisition to facilitate diagnosis
and increase its certainty. — Am. Journal of Med.
Sciences.
The work is an honor to its writer, and must ob-
tain a kvide circulation by its intrinsic merit alone.
WATSON (THOMAS), M.D., <8ic.
LECTURES ON THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF PHYSIC.
Third American edition, revised, with Additions, by D. Francis Condie, M.D., author of a
" Treatise on the Diseases of Children," itec. In one octavo volume, of nearly eleven hundred
large pages, strongly bound with raised bands. "" "'
To say that it is the very best work on the sub-
ject now extant, is but to echo the sentiment of the
medical press throughout the country. — N. O.
Medical journal.
Of the text-books recently republished Watson is
very justly the principal favorite. — Holmes's Rep.
to Nat. Med. Assoc.
By universal consent the work ranks among the
very best text-books in our language. — Illinois and
Indiana Med. Journal.
Regarded on all hands as one of the very best, if
not the very best, systematic treatise on practical
medicine extant. — St. Louis Med. Journal.
V.i 25.
Confessedly one of the very best works on the
principles and practice of physic in the Knglisli or
any other language. — Med. Examiner.
Asatext-book it has noequal; as a compendium
of pathology and practice no superior. — New York
Annalist.
We know of no work better calculated for being
placed in the hands of the student, and for a text-
book; on every important point the author seems
to have posted up his knowledge to the day. —
Amer. Med. .Journal.
One of the most practically useful books that
ever was presented to the student. — N. Y. Med.
Journal.
WHITEHEAD ON THE CAUSES AND TREAT- I WALSHE ON DISEASES OF THE HEART,
MENT OF ABORTION AND STERILITY. | LUNGS, AND APPENDAGES; their Symp-
Sccond American Eilition. In one volume, octa- toins and Treatment. In one handsome volume,
vo, extra cloth, pp. 308. $1 75. | extra cloth, large royal Pimo., 51i pages. $150.
WHAT TO OBSERVE
AT THE BEDSIDE AND AFTER DExiTH, IN MEDICAL CASES.
Published under theauthority of the London Society for Medical Observation. A new American,
from the second and revised London edition, la one very handsome volume, royal 12mo., extra
cloth. $1 00.
To the observer who prefers accuracy to blunders
and precision to carelessness, this little book is in-
valuable.— N. H. Journal of Medicine.
One of the finest aids tea young practitioner we
have ever seen. — Peninsular Journal of Medicim.
AiNU suiEiiNiiriu PUBLICATIONS 31
WILSON (ERASMUS), M.D., F. R. S.,
Lecturer on Anatomy, London.
A SYSTEM OF HUMAN ANATOMY, General and Special. Fourth Ameri-
can, from the last English edition. Edited by Paul B. Goddard, A. M., M. D. With two hun-
dred and fifty illustrations. Beautifully printed, in one large octavo volume, leather, of nearly
six hundred pages. $3 00.
In many, if not all the Colleges of the Union, it i It offers to the student all the assistance that can
hiis become a stiuulard text-book. This, of itself, be expected from such a work.— Merftca/ Examintr
is Hufficiently expressive of its value. Aworkveryl Th»" mnat <»r..n«i„f«, „r„i ,, ■ .
desirable to the student; one, the possessi.m "f I st.u lent we ooZlf ^ J^^^^^^^
wh.ch will greatly facilitate his pri.grcss in the ^^^'^^"'^ ^e posscsb.-Xmerican /ournai o/ M.d.cai
study of Practical .Anatomy. — New York Journal of \ ,'
Medicine. '." ^^'^'^V respect, this work as an anatomical
guide for the student and practitioner, merits our
Its author ranks with the highest on Anatomy.— warmestand most decided praise.— io;irfo?i Medical
Southern Medical and Surgical Journal. I Gazette.
BY THE SAME AUTHOR. {Just Is.SUed.)
THE DISSECTOR'S MANUAL; or, Practical and Surgical Anatomy. Third
American, from the last revised and enlarged Eiiglii-h edition. Modified and rearranged, by
William Hunt, M. D., J)omonstrator of Anatomy in the University of Penn?ylvania. '^Iii one
large and handsome royal l2ino. volume, leather, of 5S2 pages, with 154 illustrations. $2 00.
The modifications and additions which this work has received in passing recently tliroii'^h the
author's hands, is sufficiently indicated by the fact that il is enlarged by more than one hundred
pages, notwithstanding that it is printed m smaller type, and with a greally enlarged page.
It remains only to add, that after a careful exami- I iiig very superiorelainis, well calculated to facilitate
nation, we have no hesitation in recominendinij tliis \ llie-ir studies, and render tlieir labor less irksome by
work to the notice of those for whom it has been constantly keeping beiore them definite objects' of
expressly written — the students— as a guide possess- | interest. — Tke Lancet.
BY THE SAME AUTHOR. (Now Ready, May, 1857.)
ON DISEASES OF THE SKIN. Fourth and enlarsed American, from the last
and improved London edition. In one large octavo volume, of 050 pages, extra cloth, $2 75.
1'liis volume in passing for the fourth time through the hands of the author, has received a care-
ful revision, and has been greatly enlarged and improved. About one hundred and filly pages have
ln'on added, including new chapters on Clas>ificAlion, on General Pathology, on General Tliera-
pciitics, on Furuncular Eruptions, and on Diseases of the Nails, be.-ides extensive additions iliroogh-
oiii the text, wherever they have seemed desirable, eitluir from former omissions or from the pro-
gress of science and the increased expeiience of the author. Ajipended to Ihe volume will al.-o
now he found a collection of ^^ELECTED FormuL/T2, consisting for tlie most part of piescriplions of
whieh the author has tested the value.
In the present edition Mr. Wilson presents us with
the results of his matured experience gained after an
extensive nequaintanoe with the pathology and treat-
i-nt of cutaneous affections; and we have now be
the mere manifestnlions of derangement of internal
organs, is brouglit under notice, and tlie book in-
cludes a mass of information which is spread over a
real part of the domain of iMedieal and Surgical
Inrc us not merely a reprint of his former publica- ; Pathology. We can safely recommend it to tlie
lions, but an entirely new ard rewritten volume. [ profession as the best work on Ihe suliject now in
Thus, the whole history of the diseases affecting the | existence in the English language. — London Med.
sliin, wliether they originate in that structure or are ' Times and (razette, JSiarch '2d, lt57.
ALSO, JUST READY,
A SERIES OF PLATES ILLUSTRATING WILSON ON DISEASES OF
THE SKIN ; consisting of nineteen beautifully executed plates, of which twelve are exquisitely
colored, presenting the Normal Anatomy and Pathology of the Skin, and coniainiiig acciirale re-
presentations of about one luindred varieties of disease, most of them the size of nature. Price
in cloth $4 25.
In beauty of drawing and accuracy and finish of coloring these plates will be found superior lo
nnylhiiig of the kind as yet issued in this country.
The plates by which this eoitition is accompanied I The representations of the various forms of cutane-
leave nothing to be desired, so lar as excellence of j ous disease are singularly accurate, and the coloring
delineation and perfect accuracy of illustration are
concerned. — Medico-Cliirvrgical Revieio
exceeds almost anything we have met with in point
of delicacy and finish. — British and Foreign Medical
KevietD.
Of these plates it is impossible to speak too highly
BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
ON CONSTITUTIONAL AND HEREDITARY SYPHILIS, AND ON
SYPHUjITIC ERUPTIONS. In one small octavo volume, extra cloth, beautifully printed, with
lour exquisite colored plates, presenting more than thirty varieties of syphilitic eruptions. S2 25.
BY THE SAME AUTHOR. (Just Is.iued.)
HEALTHY SKIN; A Popular Treatise on the Skin and Hair, their Preserva-
tion and Management. Second American, from Ihe fourth London edition. One neat volume,
royal 12mo.. extra cloth, of about 300 pages, with numerous illustrations. $1 00; paper cover,
75 cents.
WILDE (W. R.),
Surgeon to St. Mark's Ophthalmic and Aural Hospital, Dublin.
AURAL SURGERY, AND THE NATURE AND TREATMENT OF DIS-
EASES OF THE EAR. In one handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, of 476 pages, with
illustrations. $2 SO.
This work certainly contains more information on
the subject to which it is devoted ihan any other
with which we are acquainted. We feel grateful lo
the author for his manful effort to rescue this depart
meat of surgery from the hand* of the empirics wl o
nearly monopolize il. — Ya. Mtd. and Surg. Journal.
32 BLANCHARD & LEAS R.^^^o^^^ r o isl^ioA 1 ION S.
WEST (CHARLES), M. D.,
Accoucheur to and Lecturer on Midwifery at St. Bartliolomew's Hoepital, Physician to the Hospital for
Sick Children, 4,c.
LECTURES ON THE DISEASES OF INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD.
Second American, from tiie Second and Enlarged Londoa edition. In one volume, octavo,
extra cloth, of nearly live hundred pages. $2 00.
ligation by this able, thorough, and finished work
upon a Bul)ject which almost daily taxes to the ut-
most the skill of the general practitioner. He h:i8
with singular felicity threaded his way through nil
the tortuous labyrinths of the difTicult subject lie has
undertaken to elucidate, and has in many of the
darkest corners left a light, which will never bo
extinguished. — Nashville Medical Journal.
We take leave of Dr. West with great respect for
his atttiinnients, a due appreciation of his acute
powers of observation, and a deep sense of obliga-
tion for this valuable contribution to our profes-
sional literature. His book is undoubtedly in many
respects tlie best we possess on diseases of children.
Dublin Quarterly Journal of Medical Science.
Dr. West has placed the profession under deep ob-
BY THE SAME AUTHOR. (Nearly Keady.)
LECTURES ON THE DISEASES OF WOMEN. In two parts.
Part 1. Svo. cloth, of about 300 pages, comprising the Diseases of the Uterus. $1 60.
Part II. (Preparing), will contain Diseases of the Ovaries, and of all tlie parts connected
with the Uterus; of the Bladder, Vagina, and External Organs.
The ohjocl of the author in this work is to present a complete but succinct treatise on Female
Diseases, embodying the results of his experience during the last ten years at St. Bartholomew's
and the Midwifery Hospitals, as well as in private practice. Tlie characteristics which have se-
cured to his former works so favorable a reception, cannot fail to render the present volume a
standard authority on its important subject. To show the general scope of the work, an outline oi
the Contents of Part I. is subjoined.
Lectures I., II. — Introductory — Symptoms — Examination of Symptoms — Modes of Examina-
tions. Lectures III., IV., V — Disorders of Menstruation, Amenorrhoea, Menorrhagia, Dys-
menorrhcea. Lectures VI., VII., VIII. — Inflammation of the Uterus, Hypertrophy, Acute
Inflammation, Chronic Inflammation, Ulceration of the Os Uteri, Cervical Leucorrhu;a. lectures
IX., X., XL, XII., XJ/J.— Misplacement of thf. Uterus, Prolapsus, Anleversion, Retrover-
sion, Inversion. Lectures XIV., XV., XVI, XVII. — Uterine Tumors and Outgrowths,
Mucous, Fibro-cellular, and Glandular Polypi, Mucous Cysts, Fibrinous Polypi, Fibrous Tumors,
Fibrous Polypi, Fatty Tumors, Tubercular Diseases. Lectures XVIII. , XIX., XX. — Cancer
OF the Uterus.
Part H. will receive an equally extended treatment, rendering the whole an admirable text-book
for the student, and a reliable work for reference by the practitioner.
BY THE same AUTHOR. (Just IsSUed)
AN ENQUIRY INTO THE PATHOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF ULCER-
ATION OF THE OS UTERI. In one neat octavo volume, extra cloth, il 00.
WILLIAMS (C. J. B.), M.D., F. R. S.,
Professor of Clinical Medicine in University College, London, &c.
PRINCIPLES OF MEDICINE. An Elementaiy View of the Causes, Nature,
Treatment, Diagnosis, and Prognosis of Disease; with brief remarks on Hygienics, or the pre-
servation of health. A new American, from the third and revised London edition. In one octavo
volume, leather, of about 500 pages. $2 50. (Now Ready, May, 1857.)
The very recent and thorough revision which this work has enjoyed at the hands of the au'hor
has brought it so completely up to the present slate of the subject that in reproducing it n(> i ddilions
have been found necessary. The success which the work has heretofore met shows that ' s im-
portance has been appreciated, and in its present form it will be found eminently worthy a conlinu-
ance of the same favor, possessing as il does the strongest claims to the attention of the medical
student and practitioner, from the admirable manner in which the various inquiries in the dilferent
branches of pathology are investigated, combined and generalized by an experienced practical phy-
sician, and directly applied to the investigation and treatment of disease.
AVe find that the deeply-interesting matter and
style of this book have so far fascinated us, that we
have unconsciously hung upon its pages, not too
long, indeed, for our own profit, but longer than re-
viewers can be permitted to indulge. AVe leave the
further analysis to the student and practitioner. Our
judgineiit of the work has already been sufficiently
expressed. It is a judgment of almost unqualified
praise. The work is not of a controversial, but of
a didactic character; and as such we hail it, and
recommend it for a text-book, guide, and constant
c impanion to every practitioner and every student
who wishes to extricate himself from the well-worn
ruts of empiricism, and to base his practice of medi-
cine upon principles. — London Lancet, Dec. 27, 185G.
A text-book to which no other in our language is
comparable. — Charleston Medical Journal.
No work has ever achieved or maintained a more
deserved reputation. — Va. Med. and Surg. Journal.
YOUATT (WILLIAM), V. S.
THE HORSE. A new edition, with numerous illustrations; together with a
general history of the Horse; a Dissertation on the American Trotting Horse; how Trained and
Jockeyed; an Account of his Remarkable Performances; and an Essay on the Ass and the Mule.
By J. S. Skinner, formerly Assistant Postmaster-General, and Editor of the Turf Register.
One large octavo volume, extra cloth. $1 50.
The attention of all who keep horses is requested to this handsome and complete edition of a
work which is recognized as the standard authority on all matters connected with veterinary medi-
cine. The very low price at which it is now offered, free by mail, places it within the reach of
every one.
BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
THE DOG-. Edited by E. J. Lewis, M. D. With numerous and beautiful
illustrations. In one very handsome volume, crown Svo., crimson cloth, gilt. $1 25.