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Full text of "Medical lexicon : a dictionary of medical science : containing a concise explanation of the various subjects and terms of physiology, pathology, hygiene, therapeutics, pharmacy, surgery, obstetrics, medical jurisprudence, dentistry, etc. : notices of climate, and of mineral waters : formulae for various officinal, empirical, and dietetic preparations, etc. : with French and other synonymes"

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DUNGLISON'S 

MEDICAL   DICTIONARY. 


FIFTEENTH    EDITION. 


WORKS  BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 


I.    (Just    Issukd.) 


HUMAN  PHY8J0L0GY: 


EIGHTH   EDITION, REVISED, 

III  two  large  and  handsome  octavo  volumes 

lu  preparing  the  present  edition,  "no  pains 
have  been  spared  to  make  the  work  a  complete 
expression  of  the  science  of  the  day."  This 
statement  our  own  examination  of  the  work  en- 
ables us  to  confirm  ;  every  page  of  it  testifying 
to  the  author's  industry  in  culling  from  various 
quarters  and  sources  all  that  was  valuable  in  the 
physiological  contributions  to  science  of  the  last 
few  years.  The  careful  and  scrutinizing  spirit 
exhibited  by  the  writer  when  investigating  mooted 
questions,  the  extensive  information  he  possesses 


MODIFIED,   AND   ENLARGED, 

,  of  about  1500  pages;  leather,  price,  $7. 

of  general  science  in  almost  every  department, 
and  the  clear  and  happy  style  in  which  he  pre- 
sents his  views,  render  his  Physiology  one  of  the 
most  reliable  and  attractive  works  in  our  language. 
To  the  practitioner  and  general  reader,  we  can 
heartily  recommend  it  as  an  excellent  r6suui6  of 
the  present  state  of  physiological  science.  As  a 
text-book  for  the  student,  we  think  it  has  no  su- 
perior in  our  language,  and  for  this  object  we 
presume  it  was  chiefly,  if  not  expressly  written, — 
Med.  Examiner,  Oct.,  1856. 


II.    (Now   Ready,    July,    185  7,) 

GENEIUL  THERAPEUTICS  AND  MATERIA  MEDIC  A: 

ADAPTED     FOR    A     MKDICAD     TEXT-BOOK. 
WITH     ABOUT     TWO     HUNDRED     ILLUSTRATIONS 

SIXTH  EDITION,  REVISED  AND  IMPROVED. 

In  two  very  harulsome  octavo  volumes,  of  abmit  WOO  pages  ;  leather,  price  $6. 

The  most  complete  and  satisfactory  exponent 
of  the  existing  state  of  Therapeutical  Science, 
within  the  moderate  limits  of  a  text- book,  of  any 
hitherto  published.  What  gives  the  work  a  su- 
perior value,  in  our  judgment,  is  the  happy  blend- 
ing of  Therapeutics  and  Materia  Medica,  as  they 
are  or  ought  to  be  taught  in  all  our  Medical 
schools;  going  no  further  into  the  nature  and 
commercial  history  of  drugs  than  is  indispensable 


for  the  medical  student.  This  gives  to  the  treatise 
a  clinical  and  practical  character,  calculated  to 
benefit,  in  the  highest  degree,  both  students  and 
practitioners.  We  shall  adopt  it  as  a  text-book 
for  our  classes,  while  pursuing  this  branch  of 
medicine,  and  shall  be  happy  to  learn  that  it  has 
been  adopted  as  such  in  all  of  our  medical  insti- 
tutions.—  The  N.  Y.  Journal  of  Jledicine. 


III.    (Just    Issued.) 

NEW  REMEDIES: 

WITH  lOlUIUl*  FOE  THEIR  PREPARATION  AND  AMINISTKATION. 

Seventli  Edition,  with  extensive  Additions. 

In  one  very  large  octavo  volume,  of  110  pages  ;  leather,  $3.75, 

space  the  novelties  and  discoveries  of  the  age. 
The  present  edition  of  this  work  is  considorablj' 
enlarged  and  improved.  The  author,  with  his 
accustomed  accuracy,  has  elaborated  and  amplified 
many  of  the  articles  but  casually  or  imperfectly 
treated  of  in  the  former  editions  ;  and  he  has  also 
added  considerably  to  the  list  of  new  remedies. 
About  thirty  new  agents,  or  novel  applications 
of  old  remedies,  are  introduced  to  the  notice  of  the 
reader  in  this  edition.  —  Va.  Med.  and  Sura.  Jour., 
Sept.,  1856. 


It  may  be  considered  almost  a  work  of  super- 
erogation to  enter  into  an  elaborate  criticism  of  a 
work  which  has  reached  its  seventh  edition.  The 
public  has  pronounced,  in  the  most  authoritative 
manner,  its  verdict,  and  we  are  certainly  not  dis- 
posed in  the  present  instance  to  dispute  its  de- 
cision. In  truth,  such  books  as  this  will  always 
be  favorably  received  by  the  Profession  of  our 
country.  They  are  labor-saving  productions, 
which,  at  the  expense  of  much  research  and 
reading  to  the  author,  condense  in  a  convenient 


IV. 

THE  PRACTICE  OF  MEDICINE. 

A  TREATISE  ON  SPECIAL  PATHOLOGY   AND  THERAPEUTICS. 

THIRD   AND   REVISED   EDITION, 

In  ttco  large  octavo  volumes,  of  about  1500  pages  ;  leather,  $6.25. 

The  student  of  medicine  will  find  in  these  two 
elegant  volumes  a  mine  of  facts,  a  gathering  of 
precepts  and  advice  from  the  world  of  experience, 


that  will  nerve  him  with  courage,  and  faithfully 
direct  him  in  his  efforts  to  relieve  the  physical  suf- 
ferings of  the  race. — Boston  Med.  and  ,Siirn.  Jour. 


BLANCHARD  AND  LEA,  PHILADELPHIA. 


MEDICAL   LEXIGOK. 


DICTIONARY 


'     MEDICAL  SCIENCE; 


CONTAINING 

A  CONCISE   EXPLANATION  OF  THE  VARIOUS   SUBJECTS  AND  TERMS   OF  ANATOMY,  PHYSIOLOGY, 
PATHOLOGY,   HYGIENE,  THERAPEUTICS,   PHARMACOLOGY,   PHARMACY,   SURGERY,   OB- 
STETRICS,  MEDICAL  JURISPRUDENCE,   DENTISTRY,   Etc.;   NOTICES   OF  CLI- 
MATE, AND   OF  MINERAL  WATERS;   FORMULiE   FOR  OFFICINAL, 
EMPIRICAL,  AND  DIETETIC  PREPARATIONS,  Etc.; 


FRENCH  AND  OTHER  SYNONYMES. 


KOBLEY    DUNGLISON,   M.D.,   LL.D., 

PROFESSOR     OP    THE    INSTITUTES    OP    MEDICINE,   ETC., 

IN    THE    J EPPERSON    MEDICAL    COLLEGE 

OF    PHILADELPHIA. 


REVISED  AND  VEKY  GREATLY  ENLARGED. 


*'-:ifONaeNEHAL'SUFFlCE  I 


Dt.^  2—1901 


PHILADELPHIA: 
BLANCHARD    AND    LEA. 

1857. 


W 
1557 


Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1857,  by 

BLANC  HARD   AND    LEA, 

in  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States  for  the  Eastern  District  of  Pennsylvania. 


COLLINS,  PRINTER. 


PREFACE. 


On  this  new  edition  of  his  ''Medical  Lexicon,^^  the  author  has  bestowed 
more  than  usual  labour.  It  is  not  more  than  four  years  since  a  friendly  re- 
viewer, in  one  of  the  most  learned  of  European  medical  periodicals,  (the 
"British  and  Foreign  Iledico-Chirurgical  Beview"  ior  Ju\j,  1853,  p.  205,) 
in  noticing  a  former  edition,  remarked,  that  the  labd^ir  which  had  been  bestowed 
upon  the  work  had  "been  something  prodigious;"  adding  —  "the  work,  how- 
ever, has  been  now  done,  and  we  are  happy  in  the  thought,  that  no  human 
being  will  have  again  to  undertake  the  same  gigantic  task.  Revised  and 
corrected  from  time  to  time,  Dr.  Dunglison's  'Medical  Lexicon'  will  last  for 
centuries." 

Yet,  in  the  present  edition,  not  only  has  the  work  been  "revised  and  cor- 
rected," but  about  six  thousand  subjects  and  terms  have  been  added,  which  are 
not  to  be  found  in  the  one  noticed  by  the  "British  and  Foreign.''  Many  of 
these  have  been  introduced  into  medical  terminology  in  consequence  of  the 
progress  of  the  science ;  whilst  others  had  escaped  the  author  in  the  previous 
editions.  These  additions  have  necessarily  required  a  great  amount  of  labour, 
which — as  on  every  former  occasion  of  the  kind — has  been  cheerfully  bestowed, 
in  order  that  the  work  might  be  rendered  still  more  worthy  of  the  vast  favour 
which  it  has  experienced.  It  has  ever  been  the  anxious  desire  of  the  author  to 
make  it  a  satisfactory  and  desirable — if  not  indispensable — lexicon,  in  which  the 
student  may  search  without  disappointment  for  every  term  that  has  been  legiti- 
mated in  the  nomenclature  of  the  science ;  and  the  present  very  carefully 
revised,  greatly  enlarged,  and  accurately  printed  edition  cannot  fail  to  be  more 
extensively  useful,  and  to  offer  stronger  claims  to  the  attention  of  the  practi- 
tioner and  student,  than  any  of  its  predecessors. 

The  author  is  grateful  for  the  opportunity  again  afforded  him  of  expressing 
his  acknowledgments  for  the  reception  which  the  Dictionary  has  met  with 
everywhere  from  the  profession. 

ROBLEY  DUNGLISON. 

Philadelphia,  1116  Gibard  St. 

July,  1857. 

(5) 


EXPLANATION. 


If  the  simple  synonymy  of  any  term  be  needed,  a  mere  reference  to  the  term 
may  be  sufficient ;  but  if  farther  information  be  desired,  it  may  be  obtained  under 
the  term  referred  to.  For  example,  the  French  word  Tronc  is  said  to  be 
synonymous  with  Trunk.  This  may  be  sufficient  for  the  inquirer :  should  it 
not,  the  requisite  information  may  be  found  by  turning  to  Trunk. 


ABBREYIATIONS  ARBITRARILY  EMPLOYED. 


Arab. 

Arabic. 

P. 

Portuguese. 

Ch. 

Chaussier. 

Ph.  D. 

Pharmacopoeia 

of  Dublin. 

D. 

Dutch. 

Ph.  E. 

(( 

Edinburgli. 

Da. 

Danish. 

Ph.  L. 

<( 

London. 

E. 

English. 

Ph.  P. 

<( 

Paris. 

F. 

French. 

Ph.  U.  S 

(( 

of  the  Uni- 

F. or 

Fah. 

Fahrenheit. 

ted    States 

Fam. 

Family. 

ofAmerica. 

G. 

German. 

PI. 

Plural. 

Heb. 

Hebrew. 

Prov. 

Provincial. 

I. 

Italian, 

R. 

Reaumur. 

Imp. 

meas. 

Imperial  measure. 

S. 

Spanish. 

Ir. 

Irish. 

S.g. 

Specific  Gravity. 

L. 

Latin. 

Sax. 

Anglo-Saxon. 

Linn. 

Linnaeus. 

Sc. 

Scottish. 

Nat. 

Ord. 

Natural  Order. 

Sex.  Syst 

.  Sexual  Systea 

I. 

Old  Eng. 

Old  English. 

Sw. 

Swedish. 

Ord. 

Order. 

Yulg. 

Yulgarly. 

(T) 


DICTIONARY 


MEDICAL  SCIENCE. 


A. 


ABBREVIATION 


A,  before  a  consonant;  An  before  a  vowel,  a,  av, 
have,  in  the  compound  medical  terms,  a  privative 
or  debasing  signification,  like  that  of  the  particles 
in,  im,  uii,  ir,  in  English.  Thus:  Sthcni'n  means 
strength;  yts^AeHt'a,  want  of  strength;  AncBtnia, 
want  of  blood,  etc.  Occasionally,  in  compound 
words,  they  have  an  intensive  meaning. 

AACHEN,  Aix-la-Chapelle. 

A,  or  AA.     See  Abbreviation. 

AANDE,  Breath. 

AARZHIL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  A.  is 
in  the  canton  of  Berne,  in  Switzerland.  The 
chief  spring  contains  chlorides  of  calcium  and 
sodium,  sulphates  of  lime  and  soda,  oxyd  of 
iron,  and  sulphohydric  acid  gas. 

AASMUS,  Anhelatio. 

ABACH,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A  hydro- 
sulphuretted  saline  spring  not  far  from  Ratisbon 
or  Regentsberg,  in  Bavaria. 

ABAISSEMENT,  Depression;  a.  de  la  Cata- 
racte,  see  Cataract — a.  de  la  Matrice,  Prolapsus 
uteri. 

ABAISSEUB  DE  L'ATLE  DU  NEZ,  De- 
pressor alae  nasi — a.  de  I'anglc  des  levres,  De- 
pressor anguli  oris — a.  de  la  levre  inferieare, 
Depressor  labii  inferioris — a.  de  la  langiie,  Gios- 
socatochus — a.  de  la  machoire  inferieure,  Digas- 
tricus — a.  de  l'a:il,  Rectus  inferior  oeuli. 

ABALIENATIO  MENTIS,  Insanity. 

ABALIENA'TUS.  Con-uj/tus,  Corrupted;  from 
ah,  and  alienus,  'different.'  llembra  abaliena'ta. 
Limbs  dead  or  benumbed.  —  Celsus,  Scribonius 
Largus. 

ABANGA.  Name  given  by  the  inhabitants  of 
St.  Thomas  to  the  fruit  of  a  palm  tree,  the  seeds 
of  which  they  consider  very  useful  in  diseases 
of  the  chest,  in  the  dose  of  three  or  four,  two  or 
three  times  a  day. 

ABAPTIST' A.  Abaph's'tonoTAbaptis'tum,  from, 
a,  privative,  and  ffanTi^iiv,  'to  plunge.'  A  term 
applied  to  the  old  trepan,  the  conical  shape  of 
which  prevented  it  from  plunging  suddenly  into 
the  cavity  of  the  cranium. 

ABAPTISTON,  Abaptista. 

ABAPTISTUM,  Abaptista. 

ABAREMO-TEMO.  A  Brazilian  tree,  which 
grows  in  the  monntains,  and  appears  to  bo  a 
mimosa.  Piso  relates  that  the  decoction  of  its 
bark,  which  is  bitter  and  astringent,  was  applied 
in  that  country  to  ulcers  of  a  bad  character. 

ABARNAIIAS.  Magnesia. 

ABARTICULATIO,  Diarthrosis,  and  Synar- 
throsis. 

A  HA  TA  IWrSSE.UENT,  Degeneration. 

ADA TTEMEXT,  Pro.^tration. 


ABATTIS,  Giblets. 

ABBECOURT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
chalybeate  spring,  six  leagues  from  Paris,  and 
one  from  Poissy.  It  was  once  much  frequented, 
but  is  now  abandoned. 

ABBEVILLE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  An 
acidulous  chalybeate  at  Abbeville,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Somme,  France. 

ABBREVIA'TION,  Abbrevia'tio,  Brachyn'sh, 
Brachys'mos,  Abbreviatu'ra.  (F.)  Abreviation, 
from  brevis,  'short.'  Abbreviations  are  chiefly 
used  in  medicinal  formula;.  They  are  by  no 
means  as  frequently  employed  now  as  of  old, 
when  every  article  had  its  appropriate  symbol. 
The  following  are  some  of  the  abbreviations 
which  have  been  or  are  employed  : 

R.  Recipe,  Take. 

A.  AA,  ANA,  (ava)  utriusqiie,  of  each. 
Abdom.  Abdomen. 

Abs.  Febr.  Abse?ite  febre,  In  the  absence  of 
fever. 

Ad.  or  Add.  Adde  or  addatur. 

Ad.  Lib.  Ad  libitum,  At  pleasure. 

Admov.  Admoveatur,  Let  it  be  applied. 

Altern.  Hor.  Alteniis  horis.  Every  other  hour. 

Alv.  Adstrict.  Alvo  adstrictd,  The  bowels 
being  confined. 

Aq.  Aqua,  Water. 

Aq.  Bull.  Aqua  bulliena,  Boiling  water. 

Aq.  Comm.  Aqua  comiuHiiin,  Common  water. 

Aq.  Ferv.  Aqua  fervene,  Hot  water. 

Aq.  Font.  Aqua  /otitis.  Spring  water. 

Aq.  Marin.  Aqua  marina.  Sea  water. 

B.  a.  Balneum  arena,  A  sand-bath. 
Bals.  Balsamum,  Balsam. 

BB.  BEDS.   Barbadensis,  Barbadoes. 
Bib.  Bibe,  Drink. 
Bis  IND.   Big  indies.  Twice  daily. 
B.  M.  Balneum  maricB,  (F.)  Bain  marie,  A  water 
bath. 

BoL.  Bolus. 

Bull.  Bulliat,  Let  it  boil. 

But.  Butyrum,  Butter. 

B.  V.  Balneum  vaporis,  A  vapour  bath. 

C.  Congius,  A  gallon. 
CyERUL.   Cwruleus,  Blue. 
Cap.   Capiat,  Let  him  take. 
C.  C.    Comu  cervi,  Hartshorn. 

C.  C.  U.   Comu  cerri  tistuni.  Burnt  hartshorn. 
C.  M.   Cras  mane,  To-morrow  morning. 
C.  N.   Cras  nocte.  To-morrow  night. 
C.  V.   Cms  vesperc.  To-morrow  evening. 
CoCHL.    Cochleare,  A  spoonful. 
CocHL.    Ampl.     Cochleare    amplum,    A    large 
spoonful. 

(17) 


ABBREVIATION 


18  ABBREVIATION 


CoCHL.    Inp.     Cochleare    infantum,    A    child's 
spoonful. 

CocHL.  Mod.  or  Med.    Cochleare  modicum  or 
medium,  A  dessert-spoonful. 

CocHL.  Parv.  Cochleare purvum,  A  tea-spoonful. 
Col.    Cola,  and   Colaturce,  Strain,  and   to  the 
strained. 

Com  P.   Compositus,  Compound. 
CoNF.   Confectio,  Confection. 
Cons.   Conserva,  Conserve. 
Cost.   Contimtetur,  Let  it  be  continued. 
CoQ.   Coque,  Boil. 
CoRT.    Cortex,  Bark. 
Crast.   Cra«tliius,  For  to-morrow. 
Ci'.T.   CiiJHH,  Of  which. 
Ci'.irsL.    Ciijuslibet,  Of  any. 
Cyaih.    Ci/iithus,  A  glassful. 
Cyath.  Thk/E,  A  cup  of  tea. 
D.   Dosis,  A  dose. 

D.  et  S.  Detur  et  signetur  [placed  at  the  end 
of  a  prescription). 

D.  D.   Detur  ad.  Let  it  be  given  in  or  to. 
Deaur.  Pil.  Deauretur  pilula.  Let  the  pill  be 
gilded. 

Deb.  Spiss.  Dehita  spissitudo,  A  due  consist- 
ence. 

Dec.  Decanta,  Pour  off. 

Decub.  Decubitui,  Lying  down,  going  to  bed. 
De  D.  in  D.  De  die  in  diem.  From  day  to  day, 
Dbj.  Alv.  Dejecllones  ah'i,  Alvine  evacuations, 
Dep.  Depnrntus,  Purified. 
Dest.    DestiUn,  Distil. 
Det.   Detur,  Let  it  be  given. 
DiEB.  Altern.  Diebus  (ilternls.  Every  otherday 
Dieb.  Tert.   DiebuH  tertiis,  Every  third  day. 
Dig.  Diijeratur.     Let  it  be  digested. 
DiL.  Dilutuu,  Dilute. 
Dim.  Dimldiux,  One-half. 
DiV.   Divide,  Divide. 

DoNEC  Alv.  Solut.  Fuer.     Donee  alvua  soluta 
fuerit,  Until  the  bowels  are  opened. 
DrACII.   Drachma,  A  drachm. 
E.iusD.  Ejundem.  Of  the  same. 
Enem.  Enema,  A  clyster. 
ExHiB.  Exhlbeatur,  Let  it  be  exhibited. 
Ext.  super  Alut.  Extende  super  alutam,  Spread 
upon  leather. 

F.  Eiat,  Let  it  be  made. 

F.  PiL.  Fiat  plhila.  Make  into  a  pill. 

F.  Vex;es.  or  F.  VS.  Fiat  venascctio.  Let  bleed- 
ing be  performed. 

Feb.  DtiR.  i'VirerfHrn?;^?,  The  fever  continninsr. 

Fem.  Intern.  Femoribus  internis,  To  the  insidi 
of  the  thighs. 

Fist.  Armat.  Fistula  nrmata,  A  bag  and  pipi 
— a  clyster  pipe  and  bladder  fitted  for  use. 

Fl.  Fluidus,  and  Flores,  Fluid,  and  Flowers. 

Trust.  Frustil/ntim,  In  small  pieces. 

Gel.  Quavis.  Gelatina  qudvis.  In  any  kind  of 
jelly. 

G.  G.  G.   Gummi  gutfcB  GambicB,  Gamboge. 
Gr.   Granum,  A  grain. 

Gt.   Gitttn,  A  drop.     Gtt.   Gutfce,  Drops. 

Gtt.  or  Gutt.  Quibusd.  Guttis  quibusdam,  With 
some  drops. 

Gum.   Gummi,  Gum. 

Guttat.  Guttatim,  By  drops. 

HoR.  Decub.  Hard  decubitus.  At  bed-time. 

HoR.  Interm.  Horia  intermediis.  At  interme- 
diate hours. 

H.  S.  Hord  somni.  At  bed-time. 

Inf.  Infunde,  Infuse. 

Ind.  Indies,  Daily. 

Inj.  ENEJf.  Injiciatur  enema.  Let  a  clyster  be 
given. 

In  Pulw.  In  pulmento,  In  gruel. 

Jul.  Julepus,  A  julep. 

Lat.  Dol.   Lateri  dolcnti.  To  the  pained  side. 

Lb.  and  Lib.  Libra,  A  pound  weight. 


Lib.  Llb.  Libran,  Pounds. 

LiQ.    Liquor. 

M.  Mifve,  Mix. 

Mac.  Miuera,  Macerate. 

Man.  Maniptlus,  A  handful. 

Man.  Prim.  A'ane  prima,  Early  in  the  morning. 

Mic.  Pan.  Jfica  panis.  Crumb  of  broad. 

MiN.  Minimum,  The  60th  part  of  a  drachm  by 
measure. 

Mitt.  Mitte,  Send.  .  i     ;i    i 

Mitt.  Sang.  iMittatur  sanguis,  Let  blood  be 
drawn.  .  , 

Mod.   Prescript.    Modo  prcesenjito,   In    tlic 

manner  directed. 

MoR.  Sol.  More  solito.  In  the  usual  manner. 

Muc.  MucHago,  Mucilage. 

N.  M.   Nux  monchata,  Nutmeg. 

0.  Octarius,  A  pint. 

01.  Oleum,  Oil. 

Ol.  Lini,  S.  I.  Oleum  linisine  igne,  Cold-drawn 
linseed  oil. 

Omn.  Bid.    Omni  biduo,  Every  two  days. 
Omn.  Bin.    Omni  blhorio.  Every  two  hours. 
Omn.  Hor.   Omni  hord.  Every  hour. 
Omn.  Man.   Omni  mane,  Every  morning. 
Omn.  Noote,  Every  night. 
Omn.    Quadr.    Hor.     Omni    quadrante   horcs, 
Every  quarter  of  an  hour. 

0.  0.  0.    Oleum  oliccB  optimum,  Best  olive  oil. 
Ov.   Oiium,  An  egg. 
Ox.    Oxymel. 
Oz.    Uncia,  An  ounce. 

P.   Pondere,  By  weight,  and  Pars,  A  part. 
P.  and  Pug.  Pugillus,  A  pugil. 
P.  M.   Partes  cp.qualcs,  E(|ual  parts. 
Part.  Vic.  Partitis  vicibus,  In  divided  doses. 
Peract.  Op.  Emet.  Peractd  operalione  emetii'i, 
The  operation  of  the  emetic  being  over. 

Pil.  Pilula,  A  pill.  Pil.  or  Pill.  Pilula, 
Pills. 

Post.    Sing.    Sed.    Lu).    Post  singv.lus   scdes 
liquidas,  After  every  liquid  evacuation. 
Pot.  Potio,  A  potion. 
P.  P.  Pulris  p<itrum,  Jesuits'  bark. 
P.  Rat.  .^tat.  Pro  ratione  cetatis.  According 
to  the  age. 

P.  R.  N.  Pro  re  natd,  As  occasion  may  be. 
PuLV.   Pulvis,  A  powder. 

Q.  P.  Quantum  pluceat.  As  much  as  may  please. 
Q.  S.  Quantum  sufficit.  As  much  as  is  sufEcient. 

QuoR.    Quorum,  Of  which. 

Q.  V.  Quantum  volueris,  As  much  as  you  wish. 

Rad.   Radix,  Root. 

Ras.  liasurcE.  Shavings. 

Eect.   Rcctificatua,  Rectified. 

Red.  or  Redig.  in  Pulv.  lledactus  in  pnlve- 
rem,  or  liedigatur  in  pulverem,  Powdered,  or  Let 
it  be  powdered. 

Reg.  Umbil.  Reyio  umbilici.  The  umbilical 
region. 

Repet.  Eepetatur,  Let  it  be  repeated. 

S.  A.   Secundum  artem,  According  to  art. 

Sem.  Semen,  Seed. 

Semi-dr.   Semi-drachma,  half  a  drachm. 

Semi-h.   SKmi-hora,  Half  an  hour. 

Serv.   Serva,  Keep,  preserve. 

Sesquih.  Scsquihora,  An  hour  and  a  half. 

Sesiinc.  Sesunciri,  An  ounce  and  a  half. 

Si  NoN  Val.  .SV  nun  valeat.  If  it  does  not  answer. 

Si  Op.  Sit.  .SV  opus  sit,  If  there  be  need. 

Si  ViR.  Perm.  .S7iiVe»/»enHi'«a)if,If  thestrcngtb 
will  permit. 

Sing.  Singulomm,  Of  each. 

SoLV.   S'dre,  Dissolve. 

§p.  and  Spir.  Spirit  us.  Spirit. 

Ss.   Semi,  One  half. 

St.  Stet,  Let  it  stand. 

Sub  Fin.  Coot.  Sub  finem  coctionis,  Towards 
the  end  of  the  boiling. 


ABC^S 


19 


ABDUCTOR 


Sum.  Sumat,  Let  him  take;  also,  Summitates, 
Ihe  tops. 

S.  V.  Splritm  villi,  Spirit  of  wine. 
S.    V.    R.   Spiritua  vini  rectijicatus,  Rectified 
spirit  of  wine. 

S.V.T.i'/xViVi/*  Willi' <e/iM/or,  Proof  spiritof  wine. 
SvR.  Sijrupns,  Syrup. 

Tkmp.  Dext.  Tempoti  dextro,  To  the  ri-^ht 
temple. 

T.  0.  Tinctura  opii,  Tincture  of  opium. 

Til.,  TiiA.  and  Tinct.  Tiiu;tura,  Tincture. 

TiiiT.  Trillin,,  Triturate. 

y.  0.  S.  or  ViT.  Ov.  Sol.  Vilello  ovi  soliUus, 
Dissolved  in  the  yolk  of  an  egg. 

VS.  VeiKBHPctIo,  Venesection. 

Z.Z.  Anciently  myrrh:  now  zinziber  or  ginger. 

tb,  Libra,  A  pound,     lib.  Pounds. 

5-   Unc.in,  An  ounce. 

f  ,|,  F/niduiicia,  A  fluidounce. 

3-  Drdchitm,  A  drachm. 

*.^'  t^l^iidfachiiui,  A  fiuidrachm. 

f),  Scriipiilum,  A  scruple. 

■^K-  Minimum,  A  minim. 

ss,  SemiiHin,  or  half;  iss,  one  and  a  half. 

j,  one;  ij,  two;  iij,  three;  iv,  four,  &c.  See 
Symbol. 

The  same  system  i.s  not  always  followed  in  ab- 
breviating. The  subjoined  will  exhibit  the  usual 
mode : 


f5iss 

f.^ss 
gtt.  xl.  M. 


R 

Ill/us.  Colomb. 
Tinct.  Gent,  comp, 
Si/r.  Curt.  Aiirant, 
Tinct.  Clips. 
Capt.  coch.  ij.  p.  r.  n. 

This,  written  at  length,  is  as  follows : 
Recipe 

Infwti  Colombo',  sesqui-fluidunciam. 
Tinctiir(B  GentinntB  OompoiilfB  fluidrachmnm. 
Si/rupi  Corticia  .4H)-tt)i(/ori«Hi  semi-Quidraeh- 

mam. 
TinctitrcB  Capsici  guttas  quadraginta. 
Misce. 

Capiat  cochlearia  duo  pro  re  patS.. 
In  the  United  Stiites  the  directions  are  always 
written  in   English. 

AnCJiS,  Abscess — a.  Aigu,  see  Abscess. 
ABCES  EN-ROUTONDE  CHEMISE,  Shirt- 
button  or  Shirt-itnd  Abscesa.  A  deep-seated  mam- 
mary abscess,  following  the  septa  of  the  breast, 
and  appearing  under  the  skin,  so  as  eventually  to 
give  rise  to  one  or  more  subcutaneous  abscesses, 
without  losing  the  original  character  of  submam- 
mary suppuration.  A  cavity  exists  between  the 
integuments  and  the  gland — another,  larger,  be- 
tween the  mamma  and  the  chest — the  two  com- 
municating by  a  passage,  which  is  generally  nar- 
row— the  whole  having  the  e.xact  appearance  of  a 
shirt-stnd. — Velpeau. 

ABCES  CHAUD,  see  Abscess — a.  Chroniqite, 
see  Abscess — a.  pur  Coni/eiiion,  see  Abscess — 
a.  Conaeculi/,  Abscess,  metastatic — a.  Diathesi- 
que,  see  Abscess — a.  Froid,  see  Abscess — a.  Me- 
tnatntiqne.  Abscess,  metastatic — a.  Retro-uterine, 
see  Retro-uterine — a.  Scro/uleux,  see  Abscess — a. 
Soudnin,  see  Abscess. 

ABDO'MEN,  from  abdere,  'to  conceal;'  be- 
cause it  conceals  the  viscera;  by  some,  fancifully 
pre.sumeil  to  be  from  abdere,  '  to  conceal,'  and 
omentum,  '  the  caul.'  From  abdo  is  formed  ahdo- 
meii,  as  from  lei/o,  lei/iimen.  Etron,  ffi/poi/aa'trion, 
J'hi/ace,  Hypocie'linm,  Epia'chion,  Lup'aru,  IIi/- 
pochoi'iion,  Gnater,  Hi/poti'trion,  Nedya,  Neia'rn, 
Nei'ra,  Abdn' men.  Venter,  Venter  imiia,  Venter 
in'fimua,  Aloua,  IPterna,  The  belly,  (Sc.)  Eyte, 
Penche,  Wciim.  (Prov.)  Daiji/ie,  //'/_«/,  Wiiii,  Poo/,; 
(¥.)  Ventre,  V.  in/erieur,  Bna  ventre.  The  larg- 
est of  the  throe  splanchnic   cavities,  bounded, 


above,  by  the  diaphragm ;  below,  by  the  pelvis  ; 
behind,  by  the  lumbar  vertebrse ;  and  at  the  side* 
and  fore  part,  by  muscular  expansions.  It  is  dis- 
tinguished into  three  anterior  regions,  from  above 
to  below;  viz.  the  epigastric,  umbilical,  and  hypo- 
jgastric,  each  of  which  is  itself  divided  into  three 
others,  one  middle,  and  two  lateral:  thus,  the 
e/iiffoatric  rer/ion  comprises  the  epiijnatrium  and 
hypochondria  ;  the  uinbilical,  the  uinbilicna  and 
Jianka  or  lumbar  ret/iona ;  and  the  hyporpistric, 
the  hypofjaatriuni  and  iliac  reyiona.  None  of 
these  regions  has  its  limits  well  defined.  The 
chief  viscera  contained  in  the  cavity  of  the  abdo- 
men, Cie'lia,  Cavum  Abdom'inis,  are  the  stomach, 
intestines,  liver,  spleen,  pancreas,  kidneys,  &c. 
It  is  lined  by  the  peritoneum. 
Abdomen,  Pendulous,  Physconia. 
ABDOM'INAL,  Ahdomina'lia,  Ventra'lia,  Ven- 
tral. That  which  belongs  to  the  Abdomen,  as 
abdominal  muaclea,  abdominal  viacera,  &c. 

ABDOMINIS  EXPLORATIO,  Abdominos- 
copia. 

ABDOMINOSCOP'IA,  Gaatroscnp'ia,  Lapa- 
roacop'la,  Abdom'iiiia  Explora'tio.  Abdom'inoa. 
copy.  A  hybrid  word,  from  abdomen,  'the  lower 
belly,'  and  aKomoi,  '  I  view.'  Examination  of  the 
lower  belly  as  a  means  of  diagnosis.  See  Aus- 
cultation. 

ABDOM'INOUS,  Ventrio'ana,  Ventro'sua,  from 
abdomen,  'the  belly.'  Biij- bellied,  Big-jyaunched, 
Ventrip'oteut.     Having  a  large  abdomen. 
ABDUCENS  LABIORUM,  Levatoranguli  oris. 
ABDUCENTES,  Motor  oculi  externus. 
ABDUCTEUH  DE  L'iElL,  Rectus  externus 
oculi  —  a.   de   I'oreiUe,   Al)duetor    auris  —  a.  du 
gros  orteil,  Abductor  pollicis  pedis — a.  du  petit 
orteil,  Abductor  minimi  digiti  pedis — a.  court  da 
Tjoiice,  Abductor  pollicis  brevis — a.  longdupouce, 
Abductor  longus  pollicis. 

ABDUCTION,  Abduc'tio,  from  abdncere,  to 
separate,  (ab  and  ducere,  'to  lead.')  The  move- 
ment which  separates  a  limb  or  other  part  from 
the  axis  of  the  body. 

The  word  has  also  been  used  synonymously 
with  Abrup'tio,  Apag'ma,  Apoclaa'ma,  a  fracture 
near  the  articular  extremity  of  a  bone,  with  sepa- 
ration of  the  fragments. 

ABDUCTOR,  same  etymon.  (F.)  Abducteur. 
A  muscle  which  moves  certain  parts  by  separat- 
ing them  from  the  axis  of  the  body. 

Abductor  Auricularis,  Abductor  auris  —  a. 
Indicis  pedis,  Prior  indicis  pedis,  Posterior  indicia 
pedis  —  a.  Medii  digiti  pedis.  Prior  medii  digiti 
pedis  —  a.  Minimi  digiti.  Flexor  parvus  minimi 
digiti  —  a.  Minimi  digiti.  Prior  minimi  digiti — a. 
Oculi,  Rectus  externus  oculi  —  a.  Pollicis  manfls, 
and  a.  Brevis  alter,  Abductor  pollicis  brevis. 

Abductor  Auris,  Abductor  auricula' ria.  (F.) 
Abducteilr  de  I'oreiUe.  A  portion  of  the  posterior 
auria,  whose  existence  is  not  constant,  which 
pa.«ses  from  the  mastoid  process  to  the  concha. 

Abductor  In'dicis,  Semi-interoa'aeus  in'dicia. 
A  muscle  which  arises  from  the  os  trapezium  and 
metacarpal  bone  of  the  thumb,  and  is  inserted 
into  the  first  bone  of  the  forefinger.  Its  use  is  to 
bring  the  forefinger  towards  the  thumb. 

Abductor  Min'imi  DiG"iTr,  Carpo-phalan'geua 
min'imi  digiti,  Carpo-jihalungien  du  petit  doigt, 
Extcn'aor  ter'tii  interno'dii  minimi  digiti — (Dou- 
glas.) Hypoth'enar  minor  nietacarpeus.  See 
Flexor  parvus.  It  originates,  fleshy,  from  the  os 
pisiforme,  and  from  the  annular  ligament  near 
it:  and  is  inserted,  tendinous,  into  the  inner  side 
of  the  base  of  the  first  bone  of  the  little  finger. 
Uae,  to  draw  the  little  finger  from  the  rest. 

Abductor  Minimi  Digiti  Pedis,  Calco-sub- 
phalangena  minimi  digiti,  Calcaneo-phalangien 
dii  petit  orteil,  Parath'enar  major — (By  Wins- 
low,  the  muscle  is  divided  into  two  portions, — • 


ABDUMEN 


20 


ABOMASUS 


Parathenar  major  and  metaUtrseus.)  Calcaueo- 
toua-phalangien  du  petit  orteil — (Ch.)  (F.)  -46- 
ducteur  dn  petit  orteil.  This  muscle  forms  the 
outer  margin  of  the  sole  of  the  foot,  and  is  im- 
mediately beneath  the  plantar  aponeurosis.  It 
arises,  tendinous  and  fleshy,  from  the  outer  side 
of  the  protuberance  of  the  os  calcis,  and  from 
the  root  of  the  metatarsal  bone  of  the  little  toe, 
and  is  inserted  into  the  outer  part  of  the  root  of 
the  first  bone  of  the  little  toe.  Use,  to  draw  the 
little  toe  outwards. 

Abductor  Pol'licis  Brevis,  Abductor  Polli- 
cia  Mau&8,  Scapho-carpo-siiper-phalaticfeus  Pol- 
licis,  Sus-phalangien  du  ponce,  A.  pollicia  manna 
and  A.  brevis  alter — (Albinus.)  (F.)  Abductenr 
court  dn  ponce,  Carpo-sus-phalangien  da  ponce — 
(Ch.)  A  short,  flat,  triangular  muscle,  which  arises 
from  the  anterior  surface  of  the  os  scaphoides  and 
the  annular  ligament  of  the  carpus,  and  termi- 
nates at  the  outside  of  the  upper  extremity  of 
the  first  phalanx  of  the  thumb.  A  particular  por- 
tion, on  the  inner  side  of  this  muscle,  is  called,  by 
Albinus,  Abductor  brevis  alter. 

Abductor  Longus  Pollicis,  A.  I.  P.  llanos. 
Extensor  osais  metacorpi  pollicia  man&a,  Ejctensor 
primi  internodii  —  (Douglas,)  Extenaor  primua 
Pollicia,  Cubito-radi-aua-metacarpien  du  ponce, 
Cubito-Rua-metacarpien  du  ponce, —  (Ch.)  (F.) 
Abducteur  long  du  ponce.  A  long,  thin  muscle, 
arising  from  the  posterior  surface  of  the  ulna, 
radius,  and  interosseous  ligament,  and  inserted  at 
the  outer  side  of  the  upper  extremity  of  the  first 
metacarpal  bone. 

Abductor  Pollicis  Pedis,  Calco-aub-phnlnn- 
geua  Pol'licis.  (F.)  Abducteur  du  gros  orteil. 
This  muscle  arises,  fleshy,  from  the  anterior  and 
inner  part  of  the  protuberance  of  the  os  calcis, 
and  tendinous  from  the  same  bone  where  it  joins 
•with  the  OS  naviculare.  It  is  inserted,  tendinous, 
into  the  internal  os  sesamoideum  and  root  of  the 
first  bone  of  the  great  toe.  Use,  to  pull  the  great 
toe  from  the  rest. 

The  name  Abductor  has  been  given  also  to  all 
those  interosseous  muscles  of  the  hand  and  foot, 
which  perform  the  motion  of  abduction  on  the 
fingers  or  toes,  and  to  muscles  which  execute  the 
same  function  on  other  parts  of  the  body. 

ABDUMEN,  Abdomen. 

ABEB^'OS,  from  a,  neg.,  and  PcPaio;,  'firm,' 
Infir'mva,  Beb'ilia.     Weak,  infirm,  unsteady. 

ABEILLE,  Bee. 

ABELMELUCH.  One  of  the  names  of  the  Rici- 
nus,  according  to  some  authors. — Prosper  Alpinus 
says  that  a  tree,  which  grows  about  Mecca,  is  so 
called.  Its  seeds,  which  are  black  and  oblong, 
are  said  to  be  a  most  violent  cathartic. 

ABELMOSCHUS,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus  — a. 
Moschatus,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus. 

ABELMUSK,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus. 

ABENSBERG,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A. 
is  a  city  of  Bavaria,  where  there  is  a  cold,  sul- 
phureous spring. 

ABERRATIO,  Aberration  —  a.  Lactis,  Galac- 
toplania — a.  Mensium,  Menstruation,  vicarious — 
a.  Menstruorum,  Menstruation,  vicarious. 

ABERRA'TION,  Aberra'tio,  from  aberrare, 
(ab  and  errare,)  'to  stray,'  'to  wander  from.' 
This  word  has  several  meanings. 

1.  The  passage  of  a  fluid  of  the  living  body 
into  an  order  of  vessels  not  destined  for  it.  In 
this  sense  it  is  synonymous  with  the  Error  Loci 
of  Boerhaave. 

2.  The  flow  of  a  fluid  towards  an  organ  different 
from  that  to  which  it  is  ordinarily  directed  ;  as  in 
cases  of  vicarious  hemorrhage.  Aberrations  of 
aenae  m  judgment  are  certain  errors  in  the  percep- 
tions, or  certain  derangements  of  the  intellectual 
faculties. 

The  word  is  used  in  optics  to  designate  the 


dispersion  of  the  rays  of  light  in  passing  through 
a  lens. 

AnERRATioy,  Chromatic,  Aberration  of  Re- 
frangibility. 

Abehuation  of  Refrangibil'ity,  Vhromat'ic 
aberra'tion,  (F.)  Aberration  de  liefrungibilite, 
Chromatisme,  exists,  when,  as  in  a  common  lens, 
the  rays  that  pass  near  the  circumference  of  the 
lens  are  decomposed,  so  that  a  coloured  image  is 
observed.  This  aberration  in  the  human  eye  is 
corrected  by  the  iris,  which  does  not  permit  the 
rays  to  fall  near  the  circumference  of  the  lens, 
and  also  by  the  crystalline  lens  itself,  which, 
owing  to  its  structure,  serves  the  purposes  of  an 
achromatic  glass. 

Aberration,  Spherical,  Aberration  of  sphe- 
ricity. 

Aberration  of  Spheric"ity  or  spher'ical  ab- 
erra'tion takes  place,  when  the  rays,  as  in  a  com- 
mon lens,  which  pass  through  the  centre  of  the 
lens,  and  those  which  pass  near  the  circumfer- 
ence, are  unequally  refracted,  so  that  they  do  not 
meet  at  a  common  focus. 

This  aberration  of  sphericity  in  the  human  cyo 
is  corrected  by  the  iris  and  lens. 

ABESSI,  Realgar. 

ABEVACUA'TIO,  Apoceno'sis,  from  ab,  and 
evacnare,  '  to  empty.'  An  evacuation.  A  partial 
or  imperfect  evacuation.  By  some  it  is  applied 
to  an  immoderate  evacution. — Kraus. 

ABIIAL.  A  fruit  well  known  in  India,  and 
obtained  from  a  species  of  cypress.  It  passes  for 
an  emmenagogue. 

ABIES,  Pinus  picea — a.  Balsamea,  Pinus  bal- 
sam ea. 

Abies  Balsamifera,  Pinus  Balsamea — a.  Ca- 
nadensis, Pinus  Canadensis — a.  Excelsa,  see  Pinus 
abies  —  a.  Gallica,  Pinus  picea  —  a.  Larix,  Pinus 
larix — a.  Peotinata,  Pinus  picea — a.  Picea,  Pinus 
picea — a.  Rubra,  Pinus  rubra. 

ABIGA,  Teucrium  Chamaepitys. 

ABIOSIS,  Death. 

ABIOTOS,  Conium  maculatum. 

ABIRRITA'TION,^6i>rV<a'<io,frora  a6,  priva- 
tive, and  irritatio,  '  irritation.'  This  word  strictly 
means  absence  or  defect  of  irritation.  The  disci- 
ples of  Broussais  used  it  to  indicate  a  pathological 
condition,  opposite  to  that  of  irritation.  It  may 
be  considered  as  synonymous  with  debility,  as- 
thenia, <fec. 

ABLACTATIO,  Weaning. 

ABLASTES,  Sterile. 

ABLATIO,  Extirpation. 

ABLEPH'ARUS,  from  a,  privative,  and  jSXe- 
(papov,  '  eyelid.'     One  who  has  no  eyelids. 

ABLEPSIA,  Cseeitas. 

ABLUENTIA,  Detergents. 

ABLUENTS,  Detergents. 

ABLUTION,  Abln'tio,  Aponip'aia,  Cataclya'- 
mua,  from  abluere,  {ab  and  luere,)  '  to  wash.'  A 
name  given  to  legal  ceremonies  in  which  the 
body  is  subjected  to  particular  affusions.  Ablu- 
tion (especially  of  the  extremities)  with  cold  or 
tepid  water  is  employed,  therapeutically,  to  re- 
duce febrile  heat.  Also,  the  washing  by  which 
medicines  are  separated  from  the  extraneous 
matters  mixed  with  them. 

ABNORMAL,  Abnormous. 

ABNORMITY,  Anomalia. 

ABNOR'MOUS,  Abnor'mia,  Enor'mia,  Abnor'- 
mal,  (F.)  Anormal,  from  ab,  'from,'  and  norma, 
'rule.'     Not  conformable  to  rule;  irregular. 

ABOLI"TION,  AhoW'tio,  destruction  'or  sup- 
pression, from  ab  and  Inere  (?)  'to  wash.'  A 
word,  often  employed,  especially  by  the  French, 
to  express  the  complete  suspension  of  any  symp- 
tom or  function.  Abolition  of  the  aight,  e.  g.  is  the 
complete  lose  of  sight. 

ABOMA'SUS,  Aboma'sum,  Enys'troti,  Veniric' 


ABOMINATIO 


21  ABSCESS 


t('»«  intesthia'Us,  Rennet,  (Sc.)  Roddildn,  (F.) 
CaiUette.  The  lowermost  or  fourth  stomach  of 
ruminating  animals. 

ABOMINATIO,  Disgust. 
ABONDANUE,  Plethora, 
ABORSIO,  Abortion. 
ABORSUS,  Abortion. 
ABORTICIDIUM,  Foeticide. 
AIWUTIF,  Abortive. 
ABORTIFACIENS,  Abortive. 
ABORTION,  Abor'tHs,  Ahor'eua,  Ahor'sio,  Dys- 
to  cia  (iborti'vrt,  Oinoto'cin,  Paracye'sis  nbortus, 
Amblo'via,  AiiMo'mo,  Amblos' miis,  Ec'bole,  Em- 
bryotoc'ia,  Biiiph'thora,  Ectro'gis,  Examblo' ma, 
E.rnmb/o'nis,  Ectroa'mo8,  Apopal/e'm's,  Apopal'sis, 
Apo/jh'lhora,  Phthora,  Convul'sio  u'ten,  Deper- 
di'tio.{F.)  Avortement,  ^/c«s)()-e,  Miscarriage;  from 
ab  and  oriri,  'to  rise,'  applied  to  that  which  has 
an'nen  out  of  season.  The  expulsion  of  the  foetus 
before  the  seventh  month  of  utero-gestation,  or 
■before  it  is  viable.  The  causes  of  this  accident 
are  referable  either  to  the  mother,  and  particu- 
Ijtrly  to  the  uterus ;  or  to  the  foetus  and  its  de- 
pendencies. The  causes,  in  the  mother,  may  be  : 
—  extreme  nervous  susceptibility,  great  debility, 
plethora,  faulty  conformation,  <fec. ;  and  it  is  fre- 
quently induced  immediately  by  intense  mental 
emotion,  violent  exercise,  <fcc.  The  causes  seated 
in  the  foetus  are  its  death,  rupture  of  the  mem- 
branes, &e.  It  most  frequently  occurs  between 
the  8th  and  12th  weeks  of  gestation.  The  symp- 
toms of  abortion  are  : — uterine  hemorrhage  with 
or  without  flakes  of  decidua,  with  intermitting 
pain.  When  abortion  has  once  taken  place,  it  is 
extremely  apt  to  recur  in  subsequent  pregnancies 
about  the  same  period.  Some  writers  have  called 
abortion,  when  it  occurs  prior  to  three  months. 
Effluxion.  The  treatment  must  vary  according 
to  the  constitution  of  the  patient  and  the  causes 
giving  rise  to  it.  In  all  cases,  the  horizontal 
posture  and  perfect  quietude  are  indispensable. 

Abortion  is  likewise  applied  to  the  product  of 
an  untimely  birth, — Aboi-'tiis,  Abor'nus,  Apoble'- 
ma,  Apob'ole,  Ecblo'ma,  Ainbluthrid' ion,  Ectro'- 
ma,  Fi-uc'lus  immatii'rus,  Abortment,  (F.)  Avor- 
ton,  Aoortin. 

TO  ABORT,  Abori'ri.  To  miscarry.  (F.) 
Avorter. 

ABOR'TIVE,  Aborti'vus,  Ecbol'iua,  Amblo'ti- 
cua,  Ainblothrid'ium,  Ambol' icua,  Phthor'ius,  Apo- 
phthnr'iua,  Ectrot'icus,  Abort  i/a'ciena,  Acyte'- 
riiia,  Ejcpel'lens,  Phthiroc'toniia,  Phthoroc'tonva, 
Ecbol' Ikiis,  Contrnc' tor  u'teri,  Aecel.era' tor  Partxia, 
Parturient,  Parturi/a'cient,  Ecbolic.  (F.)  Abor- 
tif.  A  medicine  to  which  is  attributed  the  pro- 
perty of  causing  abortion.  There  is  probably  no 
direct  agent  of  the  kind. 

ABORTMENT,  Abortion. 

ABORTUS,  Abortion. 

AnOUOHEMENT,  Anastomosis. 

ABOULAZA,  a  tree  of  Madagascar,  used,  ac- 
cording to  Flacourt,  in  the  practice  of  the  coun- 
try, in  diseases  of  the  heart. 

ADOUTISSEMENT,  Suppuration. 

ABOYEUSES,  see  Convulaionnaire. 

ABRABAX,  Abraanx,  Abraxaa.  A  mystic 
term,  expressing  the  number  365,  to  which  the 
Cabalists  attributed  miraculous  properties. 

ABRACADA'BRA,  Abraaada'brn,  the  name 
of  a  Syrian  idol,  according  to  Selden.  This 
word,  wiien  pronounced  and  repeated  in  a  certain 
form  and  a  certain  number  of  times,  was  sup- 
posed to  have  the  power  of  curing  fevers  and 
preventing  many  diseases.  It  was  figured  on 
amulets  and  worn  suspended  around  the  neck. 


D  X  1  X  3  -I  X 

X  n  X  3  1  X 

T  X  3  1  X 
X  3  -I  X 

3  -I  X 

1  X 

X 

ABRACALAN,  A  cabalistic  term  to  which  the 
Jews  attributed  the  same  virtue  as  to  the  word 
Abracadabra. 

ABRASABRA,  Abracadabra. 

ABRASAX,  Abrabax. 

ABRA'SION,  (Prov.)  Fleck,  Abra'aio,  Apoayr'. 
ma,  Apoxya'mva,  from  abradere,  (ab  and  radeie,) 
'  to  rasp.'  A  superficial  excoriation,  with  loss  of 
substance,  under  the  form  of  small  ahreds,  in  the 
mucous  membranes  of  the  intestines, — (F.)  Bn- 
elurea  dea  Boyaux.  Also  an  ulceration  of  the 
skin,  possessing  similar  characters.  According 
to  Vicq  d'Azyr,  the  word  has  been  used  for  the 
absorption  of  the  molecules  composing  the  various 
organs. 

ABRATHAN,  Artemisia  abrotanum. 

ABRAXAS,  Abrabax. 

ABRE,  Abrus  precatorius. 

ABREVFATJON,  Abbreviation. 

ABRICOT,  see  Prunus  Armeniaca — a.  Sau- 
vage,  Mammea  Americana. 

ABRICOTIER,  Prunus  Armeniaca. 

ABROSIA,  Abstinence. 

ABROTANUM,  Artemisia  abrotanum  —  a. 
Cathsum,  Artemisia  abrotanum  —  a.  Mas,  Arte- 
misia abrotanum. 

ABROTONE,  Artemisia  abrotanum. 

ABROTONI'TES,  (oivog,  'wine,'  understood.) 
Wine  impregnated  with  Artemisia  Abrotanum  or 
Southernwood. 

ABROTONUM,  Artemisia  Abrotanum. 

ABRUPTIO,  Abduction. 

ABRUS  PRECATO'RIUS,  (from  a^poi,  'ele- 
gant.') Liq'orice  Buah,  Red  Bean,  Love  pea.  (F.) 
Abrc,  Liane  H  rexjliaae.  A  small  ornamental 
shrub,  found  from  Florida  to  Brazil,  as  well  as  in 
Egypt  and  the  West  Indies,-  N<it.  Ord.  Leguuii- 
nosae.  Sex.  Syat.  Monadelphia  Enneandria;  hav- 
ing beautiful  scarlet  seeds  with  a  black  spot.  The 
roots  and  leaves  are  sweet  mucilaginous  demul- 
cents. The  seeds  of  the  American  kind  are  con- 
ridered  to  be  purgative  and  poisonous.  They  are 
employed  to  form  rosaries,  and  hence  called,  iu 
mockery,  Jumble  beads. 

ABSCESS,  from  abacedo,  (aba,  and  cedere,)  '  I 
depart,'  or  'separate  from.'  Abaces'aua,  Abacea'- 
aio,  Aphiste'ais,  Apoate'ma,  Ecpye'ma,  Ecpye'sia, 
Recee'aua,  Impoa'thnme,  Gathering.  (Old  Eng.) 
Apo3temacion,Apoat'hume.  (Sc.)  Hattrel.  (Prov.) 
CohI,  Numpost,  Pastime.  (F.)  Abcea,  Depot.  A 
collection  of  pus  in  a  cavity,  the  result  of  a  mor- 
bid process.     See  Pyogenia,  and  Suppuration. 

The  French  have  various  distinctive  terms  for 
Abscesses. 

Abcea  Chaud,  Aigu,  Soudain,  is  one  which  fol- 
lows violent  inflammation. 

Abcea  Froid,  Chronique,  Scrofulenx,  cold, 
chronic,  or  acrofuloua  abscess,  one  which  is  the 
result  of  chronic  or  scrofulous  inflammation. 

Abcea  par  Congestion,  A.  diathesique,  asympto- 
matic abscess ;  one  which  occurs  in  a  part  at  a 
distance  from  the  inflammation  by  which  it  is 
occasioned  :  e.  g.  a  lumbar  abaceas ,-  in  which  tho 
inflammation  may  be  in  the  lumbar  vertebrae, 
whilst  the  pus  exhibits  itself  at  the  groin. 

Abscess,  Alveolar,  Parulis — a.  Cold,  see 
Abscess. 


ABSCISSIO  PR.EPUTII 


Abscess,  Metastat'ic,  Absces'sim  metaitat'- 
iciiK,  (F.)  Abcen  iiiftdsliiiique,  A.  consecutif,  an 
abscess  which  forms  sudilenly,  and  soinetimcs 
without  any  precursor)'  signs  of  inflammation,  in 
a  part  of  the  body  remote  from  one  in  a  state  of 
suppuration,  and  without  presenting  a  sufficient 
reason  for  its  development  in  tlie  place  which  it 
occupies.     It  is  a  consequence  of  phlebitis. 

Adsckss,  Pkiifohating  of  the  Lung,  see 
Lung,  perforating  abscess  of  the — a.  Perilaryn- 
geal, see  Perilaryngitis — a.  Psoas,  Lumbar  ab- 
scess— a.  Retropharyngeal,  see  Retropharyngeal 
— a.  Shirtstud,  Abcen  en  bniitun  de  chemine. 

ABSCB.SSUS  Capitis  Sanguineus  Neonatorum, 
Cephalieraatoma — a.  Cerebri,  Encephalopyosis — 
a.  Gangraenescens,  Anthrax — a.  Gangriienosus, 
Anthrax — a.  Lacteus,  Mastodynia  apostematosa 
— a.  Lumborurn,  Lumbar  abscess — a.  Mammffi, 
Mastodynia  apostematosa — a.  Metastaticus,  Ab- 
scess, metastatic — a.  Nucleatus,  Furunculus — a. 
Oculi,  Hypopyon — a.  Pectoris,  Empyema  —  a. 
Pulmonum,  Pneumapostema  —  a.  Rcnalis,  Ne- 
phrapostasis — a.  Spirituosus,  Aneurism — a.  Tho- 
racis. Empyema — a.  Urinosus,  Urapostema. 
ABSCISSIO  PR.EPUTH,  Circumcision. 
ABSCIS'SION,  Ab8cia'io,  Abscis'nio,  from  ab- 
ecidere  or  abiciiidere,  '  to  cut  off,'  Apoc'ope, 
Apothynu' 818,  Dinc'ope.  Excision  or  extirpation 
(if  a  part,  especially  of  a  soft  part. — Fabricius 
Uildanus. 

Fracture  or  injury  of  soft  parts,  with  loss  of 
substance. — Hippocrates. 

Diminution,  or  loss  of  voice. — Celsus. 
Sudden   and  premature  termination  of  a  dis- 
ease.— Galen. 

ABSCONSIO,  Sinus. 

ABSENCB  DU  BRUIT  RESPIRATOIRE, 
see  Murmur,  respiratory. 

ABSINTHE,  Artemisia  absinthium. 
ABSINTHl'TES,  ai|iv5(rr,s,  Apainthi'ies,  Wine 
impregnated  with  Absinthium  or  Wormwood. — 
Dioscorides. 

ABSINTHIUM,  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  Artemisia  ab- 
sinthium— a.  Marinura,  Artemisia  maritima — a. 
Marilimum,  Artemisia  maritima — a.  Ponticum, 
Artemisia  pontica — a.  Romanum,  Artemisia  pon- 
tica — a.  Santonicum,  Artemisia  santonica  —  a. 
Vulgare,  Artemisia  absinthium. 
AHSORBANT,  Absorbent. 
ABSOR'BENT,  Abeor'bens,  from  ahsorbere  (ab 
and  sorbere,)  'to  drink,  to  suck  up.'  (F.)  Ab- 
sorbant.     That  which  absorbs. 

Absorbent  System  is  the  collection  of  vessels, 
Vdia  abnorben'tia  sen  resoibeii'tin,  and  glands, 
which  concur  in  the  exercise  of  absorption. 

A  medicine  used  for  absorbing  acidity  in  the 
stomach  and  bowels,  as  magnesia,  chalk,  &c.  In- 
oerVens,  Re8or'beii8,  S<it' nrans,  PrcBci'p'itans. 

Also,  any  substance,  such  as  cobweb,  sponge, 
Ac,  which,  when  applied  to  a  bleeding  surface, 
retains  the  blood,  and  forms  with  it  a  solid  and 
adhesive  compound,  which  arrests  the  hemor- 
rhage. 

ABSORPTIO,  Absorption  — a.  Sanguinis, 
Haemorrhophesis. 

ABSOKP'TION,  Ab8or2}'t;o,  Resnrp'tio,  Liha- 
la'tio,  Imbibit"io,  Anar'rhophe,  Aiiarrophe'^is, 
Oatnpino'sia,  Rho'ebde'ais,  Ctitarrhophe'sis,  Ca- 
tnr' rhnphe  ;  same  etymon.'  The  function  of  ab- 
sorbent vessels,  by  virtue  of  which  they  take  up 
substances  from  without  or  within  the  body.  Two 
great  divisions  have  been  made  of  this  function. 
1.  Externnl  absorption,  or  the  absorption  of  com- 
position, which  obtains,  from  without  the  organs, 
the  materials  intended  for  their  composition  ; 
and,  2.  Internal  absorption,  or  the  absorption  of 
decomposition,  which  takes  up  from  the  organs 


!  ABSUS 

By  external  absorption  is  meant  not  only  that 
which  takes  place  at  the  external  surlacc  ot  the 
body,  but  also  that  of  the  mucous  membnines  ol 
the  digestive  and  respiratory  passages.  Hence, 
again,  the  division  of  external  absorption  into  cu- 
taneona—rtsorp'tio  cut<i'nea  seu  cutis,  inliola  tio 
cutis,  — intestinal  or  digestive,  and  pulmonary  or 
respirator!/.  ,   ,.    •  ,    i    •    i 

Internal    absorption    is    also   subdivuled  into, 

1.  Molecular  or  interstitial,  nutritive,  or<janic,  or 
decomposim/,  which  takes  up  from  each  organ  the 
materials  tiiat  constitute  it,  so  that  the  decompo- 
sition is  always  in  equilibrio  with  the  deposition. 

2.  The  absorption  of  recrenientitial  secreted  Jlnidi, 
such  as  the  lluid  of  serous  membranes,  synovia, 
<fec.  As  these  are  constantly  exhaled  ou  surfaces 
which  have  no  external  outlet,  they  would  aug- 
ment indehnitely,  if  absorption  did  not  remove 
them  in  the  same  proportion  as  that  in  which 
they  are  deposited.  3.  The  absorption  of  a  part 
of  the  ejL-cremeutitial  Jlaids,  as  they  pass  over  the 
excretory  passages. 

Absorption  does  not  effect  the  decomposition 
of  the  body  immediately.  It  merely  prepares  the 
fluid  which  has  to  be  eliminated  by  the  secretory 


organs. 

The  great  agents  of  external  absorption  are  the 
veins  and  chyliferous  vessels;  of  internal  absorp- 
tion, probably  the  lymphatics.  In  the  chylife- 
rous vessels  and  lymphatics  the  fluid  is  always 
found  to  possess  the  same  general  properties. 
In  them,  therefore,  an  action  of  elaboration  or 
selection  must  have  taken  place.  The  veins,  on 
the  other  hand,  seem  to  exert  no  selection.  Any 
fluid,  possessing  the  necessary  tenuity,  passes 
through  the  coats  of  the  vessel  readily  by  imbibi- 
tion, and  proceeds  along  with  the  torrent  of  the 
circulation.  Watery  fluids  in  this  manner  enter 
the  blojd  when  they  are  taken  into  the  stomach. 
Substances  that  require  digestion,  on  the  other 
hand,  must  pass  through  the  chyliferous  vessels 
and  thoracic  duct. 

Absorption  of  Composition,  see  Absorption— 
a.  Cutaneous,  see  Absorption — a.  of  Leouiuposi- 
tion,  see  Absorption — a.  Digestive,  see  Absorp- 
tion— a.  External,  see  Absorption — a.  of  Excre- 
mentitial  Secreted  Fluids,  see  Absorption — a. 
Internal,  see  Absorption — a.  Intestinal,  see  Ab- 
sorption—  a.  Interstitial,  see  Absorption  —  a. 
Molecular,  see  Absorption — a.  Nutritive,  see  Ab- 
sorption—  a.  Organic,  see  Absorption  —  a.  Pul- 
monary, see  Absorption — a.  of  Recreineutitial 
Secreted  Fluids,  see  Absorption — a.  Respiratory, 
see  Absorption. 

ABSTEME,  Abstemious. 

ABSTE'MIOUS,  Abste'mius,  Aoi'nos,  from  (i6», 
'without,'  and  temetum,  'wine.'  (F.)  Abstiime. 
Used  by  the  ancient  writers,  as  well  as  by  the 
French,  in  the  sense  only  of  its  roots;  one  who 
abstains  from  wine  or  fermented  liquors  in 
general. 

ABSTERGENTIA,  Detergents. 

ABSTERSIVA,  Detergents. 

ABSTERSORIA,  Detergents. 

AB'STINENCE,  Abstinen'tia,  from  ahs,  'from,' 
and  tenere,  'to  hold,'  Abros'ia,  Asit'ia,  Liman'- 
chia,  Limocton'ia,  Fasting.  Privation,  usually 
voluntary,  as  when  we  speak  of  abstinence  from 
pleasure,  abstinence  from  drink,  Ac.  It  is  more 
particularly  used  to  signify  voluntary  privation 
of  certain  articles  of  food.  Fasting  is  a  useful  re- 
medial agent  in  certain  diseases,  particularly  in 
those  of  an  inflammatory  character. 

ABSUS,  a  kind  of  cassia,  0.  Abaitn,  which 
grows  in  Egypt  and  in  India,  the  seeds  of  which, 
pulverized  and  mixed  with  powdered  sugar,  have 


the  materials  that  have  to  be  replaced  by  the  iSbeen  employed  in  form  of  a  dry  collyrium,  in  the 


exhalants. 


endemic  ophthalmia  of  Egypt. 


ABULIA 


23 


ACCABLEMENT 


ABU'LIA ;  from  a,  'privative,'  and  /JouXi/,  'will.' 
Loss  of  the  will,  or  of  volition. 

AIJU'HCUS  ;  same  etymon.  One  who  has  lost 
the  power  of  will  or  of  volition. 

Alius  DE  SOf.Jl//>ME,  Masturbation. 

ABUTA  (a  Guiana  name),  Pareira  brava. 

ABUTILON  AVICENN/E,  A.  Corda'tum,  Si- 
da  Aba' t Hon,  Indian  or  y'ellow  3IaUow,  Velvet 
leaf;  Order,  Malvaceae,  (from  a,  privative,'  (iovi, 
'an  ox,'  and  tiAoj,  '  diarrhoea,'  that  is,  '  a  remedy 
for  the  diarrhtca  of  cattle ;')  is  naturalized,  and 
common  in  most  parts  of  the  United  States.  It 
resembles  common  mallow  in  its  properties,  being 
mucilaginous  and  demulcent. 

ABVACUA'TIO,  an  excessive  or  colliquative 
evacuation  of  any  kind. 

ACACIA,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Acaciae  gurami— a.  Cate- 
chu, Catechu — a.  False,  Robinia  pseudo-acacia — 
a.  Germanica,  see  Prunus  spinosa— a.  Giraffa,  see 
Acaciie  gummi — a.  Horrida,  see  Acaciae  gummi 
— a.  Indica,  Tamarindus — a.  Nilotica,  see  Acaciae 
gummi — a.  Nostras,  see  Prunus  spinosa— a.  Sene- 
gal, see  Senegal,  gum — a.  Vera,  see  Acaciae  gum- 
mi—n.  Zeylonica,  Ilaematoxylon  Campechianum. 
ACACI/E  GUMMI,  Acn'cia,  from  gkv,  'a 
point,'  so  called  in  consequence  of  its  spines,  G. 
Acn'cia;  Arab'iccB,  G.  Mimo'scB,  G.  Arah'icnm,  G. 
Acanth'Inum,  G.  Leucum,  G.  Theba'iciim,  G.  Se- 
rnpid'iiia,  G.  Lnmnc,  G.  Senega  or  Seneca,  (see 
Senegal,  gum,)  Gum  Ar'abic.  (F.)  Gomme  Ara- 
bi(/iie.  The  gum  of  the  Aca'cia  seu  Mimo'sa 
Nilot'icn,  Aca'cia  vera.  Spina  JSgyptiaea,  of 
Upper  Egypt,  Nat.  Ord.  Mimoseae.  Sex.  Si/st. 
Polygamia  Monoecia.  It  is  in  irregular  pieces, 
colourless,  or  of  a  pale  yellow  colour,  hard,  brittle, 
of  a  shining  fracture,  transparent,  soluble  in 
water,  and  insoluble  in  alcohol,  s.  g.  1-4317. 

It  is  mucilaginous  ;  but  is  rarely  used,  except 
in  pharmacy.  Sometimes  it  is  administered  alone 
as  a  demulcent. 

Acacia  Horrida  and  A.  Giraffes,  of  South 
Africa,  yield  a  good  gum. 

ACA.TOU,  (of  Indian  origin)  Anacardium  oc- 
cidentale. 

AcAJUBAOFFicnfALis,  Anacardium  occidentale. 
Acal'ypha  Bktuli'na,  Cauda  felis  agrestin. 
(a,  'privative,' «aXoj,  'beautiful,' and  a0v,  'touch'] 
is  employed  by  tlie  natives  of  India  as  a  stoma- 
chic and  in  cholera.  It  is  given  in  the  form  of 
infusion  of  the  leaves. 

Acalypha  Hispida,  Caturus  spiciflorus. 
Acal'ypha  In'dica,  'disagreeable  to  the 
touch.'  Ciipameni,  Order  Euphorbiacea3.  A  com- 
mon annual  in  the  gardens  of  India.  An  infusion 
of  the  root,  and  a  decoction  of  the  leaves  are 
cathartic. 

Acal'ypha Virgin'ica.  Three-seeded mer'eury, 
indigenous,  flowering  in  August,  is  said  to  have 
expectorant  and  diuretic  properties. 

ACA.M'ATUS,  from  a,  priv.,  and  KOfivo),  'I  la- 
bour.' This  word  has  been  sometimes  used  for 
a  good  constitution  of  the  body.  According  to 
Galen,  it  means  that  position  in  which  a  limb  is 
intermediate  between  flexion  and  extension;  a 
position  which  may  be  long  maintained  without 
fatigue. 

ACAMPSIA,  Contractura. 
ACANOS,  Onopordium  acanthium  —  a.  Spina, 
Onopordium  acanthium. 

ACANTIIA,  Vertebral  column.  Also,  Spinous 
process  of  a  vertebra. 

ACANTIIAB'OLUS,  Acan'thulus,  Volsel'la, 
from  aKav5a,  'a  spine,'  and  /JaAAu,  'I  cast  out.' 
A  kind  of  forceps  for  removing  extraneous  sub- 
stances from  wounds. — Paulus  of  iEgiua,  Fabri- 
cius  ab  Aquapendcnte,  Scultetus,  <fec. 
ACANTHALZUCA,  Echinops. 


AC  AX  THE  FAUSSE,  Heracleum  spondy- 
lium. 

ACANTIIIA  LECTULARIA,  Cimex  lectu- 
larius. 

ACANTHIUM,  Onopordium  acanthium. 

ACANTHULUS,  Acanthabolus. 

ACANTHUS  MOLLIS,  (aKav^a,  'a  spine  or 
thorn,')  same  etymon  as  Acacia.  Melamjjhyl'- 
lum,  Branca  urai'na  seu  vera,  Brankur'aine, 
Bear's  Breech.  (F.)  Pied  d'ottrs.  This  plant  is 
mucilaginons  like  Althaea,  and  is  used  as  a  de- 
mulcent. 

ACAPATLI,  Piper  longum. 

ACAR'DIA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  xapSia,  'the 
heart.'     The  state  of  a  foetus  without  a  heart. 

ACARDIOH^'MIA.  (F.)  Acardiohemie,  from 
a,  priv.,  KopSia,  'heart,'  and  ai/<a  'blood.'  AVant 
of  blood  in  the  heart. — Piorry. 

ACARDIONER'VIA,  (F.)  Acardionervie  : 
from  a,  priv.,  xupita,  'heart;'  and  vcvpov,  '  nerve.' 
Want  of  nervous  action  in  the  heart  as  indicated 
by  the  sounds  ceasing  to  be  audible. 

ACARDIOTROPHIA,  Heart,  atrophy  of  the. 

AC  A  RE,  Acarus. 

AC'ARICIDE,  from  acarus,  and  ccedere,  'to 
kill.'  A  destroyer  of  acari,  —  as  of  the  acarus 
scabiei. 

ACARICO'BA.  The  Brazilian  name  for  Hy. 
drocol'yle  umbella'tnm,  used  by  the  Indians  as 
an  aromatic,  alexipharraic,  and  emetic. 

ACARON,  Myricagale. 

ACARP'^,  from  a,  'privative,'  and  Ataproj, 
'fruit.'  A  division  of  the  family  of  cutaneous 
diseases  by  Fuchs,  in  which  there  is  no  "  fruit," 
((ierm.  Frucht,)  or  production  from  the  cutane- 
ous surface  —  tubercles,  vesicles  or  pustules. 
Lentigo,  Chloasma,  Argyria,  and  Pityriasis  be- 
long to  it. 

ACARUS,  from  a,  privative,  and  (ca/,)??,  'di- 
visible.' (F.)  Acare.  A  minute  insect,  one  spe- 
cies of  which  has  been  noticed,  by  several  obser- 
vers, in  the  itch.     The  Acarus  Scabiei,  see  Psora. 

Acarus  Giro,  se'e  Psora  —  a.  Comedonum, 
Acarus  Folliculorum. 

Ac'arus  Cros'sei,  Crosse  mite.  An  insect  sup- 
posed by  Mr.  Crosse,  of  England,  to  have  been 
developed  in  a  solution  of  silicate  of  potassa  when 
submitted  to  slow  galvanic  action,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  obtaining  crystals  of  silex.  It  did  not, 
however,  prove  to  be  a  new  formation. 

Acarus  Folliculo'rum,  A.  Comedo'num,  En- 
tozo'on  seu  De'modex  seu  Simo'nea  seu  Steatozo'- 
on  folliculo'rum,  JIfacro/jas'ter  plat'ypus.  An 
articulated  animalcule,  discovered  in  the  sebace- 
ous substance  of  the  cutaneous  follicles.  Accord- 
ing to  Professor  Owen,  it  belongs  to  the  Ara- 
chnida. 

Acarus  Scabiei,  Acarus,  see  Psora. 

ACATALEP'SIA,  from  a,  privative,  and  xara- 
Xa/ilSai'oj ,  'I  comprehend.'  Uncertainty  in  dia- 
gnosis.    Its  opposite  is  Catalepsia. — Galen. 

ACATAP'OSIS,  from  a,  privative,  and  xara- 
ruiTif,  '  deglutition.'  Incapacity  of  swallowing. 
Vogel  has  given  this  name  to  difficulty  of  deglu- 
tition. 

ACATASTAT'IC,  Acatastat'icus,  from  a,  priv., 
and  Ka^taTrj/ii,  '  to  determine.'  An  epithet  given 
to  fevers,  Ac,  when  irregular  in  their  periods  or 
symptoms. — Hippocrates. 

ACATHAR'SIA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  Ka&atpt^to, 
'  I  purge  ;'  Sordes,  Impurities.  Omission  of  a  pur- 
gative.— Foesius. 

ACATSJAVAL'LI,  a  Malabar  plant,  which  is 
astringent  and  aromatic.     A  bath  of  it  is  used  in 
that  country  in  cases  of  hemicrania.     It  is  sup- 
posed to  be  the  Cassytha  filiforniis  of  Linnaeus. 
ACAWERIA,  Ophioxvlum  serpentinum. 
ACCABLEMENT,  Torpor. 


ACCELERATEUR 


24 


ACEPIIALOGASTER 


ACOEtiRATEUR  BE  L' URINE,  Accele- 
rator urinas. 

ACCELERATOR  PARTUS,  Abortive. 
Accelera'tor  Uri'na!,  Bulbo-caverno'aua,  Bitl- 
hn-tiretral  —  (Ch.),  EJacula'tor  Sciii'iuts,  Biilbo- 
si/tidesmo-caverneux.  (F.)  Accelerate itr  de  I'urine, 
J3ulbo-caverneux,  Ano-eaverneux,  from  ad  and 
celer,  '  quick.'  A  muscle  of  the  penis,  which 
arises,  fleshy,  from  the  sphincter  ani  and  mem- 
branous part  of  the  urethra,  and  tendinous,  from 
the  crus  and  beginning  of  the  corpus  caverno- 
sum  penis.  In  its  course  it  forms  a  thin,  fleshy 
layer,  the  inferior  fibres  of  which  run  more  trans- 
versely than  the  superior,  which  descend  in  an 
oblique  direction  ;  the  muscles  of  both  sides  com- 
pletely enclosing  the  bulb  of  the  urethra.  It  is 
inserted  into  its  fellow  by  a  tendinous  line  run- 
ring  longitudinally  on  the  middle  of  the  bulb. 
Its  use  is  to  propel  the  urine  or  semen  forwards. 

ACCENT,  Sonus  vocis,  from  ad  and  canerc, 
cantuin,  to  sing.  Inflection  or  modification  of  the 
voice,  which  consists  in  raising  or  dropping  it  on 
certain  syllables. 

The  accent  exhibits  various  alterations  in  dis- 
ease.     ^ 

ACCES,  Paroxysm. 

ACCES'SION,  Acces'sfo,  from  aeeedo,  {ad  and 
cedere,)  'I  approach.'  The  invasion,  approach, 
or  commencement  of  a  disease. 

ACOESSOIBE,  Accessory— a.dulongFlechis- 
scur  commnn  des  orteils  :  see  Flexor  longus  digi- 
torum  pedis  profundus  perforans  (accessorius)  — 
a.de  I'Obturateur  interne,  Ischio-trochanterianus 
■ — a.  da  Pied  d' Hippocampe  :  see  Cornu  ammonis 
— a.du  Sacro-lombaire  :  see  Sacro-lumbalis. 

ACCESSORIUS  FLEXOR  LONGUS  DIGI- 
TORUM  PEDIS;  see  Flexor  longus  digitorum 
pedis  profundus  perforans  (accessorius) — a.  Pedis 
hippocampi; — see  Cornu  ammonis. 

ACCESSORY,  Acccsso'rins,  (F.)  Accessoire, 
Annexe,  same  etymon.  A  consequence  or  de- 
pendence on  any  thing;  as  accessory  ligament, 
muscle,  nerve,  <fcc. 

Accessory  op  the  Parot'ib  is  a  name  given 
by  Haller  to  a  small  gland,  which  accompanies 
the  parotid  duct,  and  is  commonly  a  mere  pro- 
longation of  the  parotid  itself.     See  Parotid. 

AccEssoRV  Sciences  to  Medicine  are  those 
which  do  not  relate  directly  to  the  science  of 
man  in  a  state  of  health  or  disease ;  as  physics, 
chemistry,  <fec. 
Accessory  op  the  Par  Vagum,  Spinal  nerve. 
The  term  accessory  is  also  given  to  several 
muscles. 

ACCESSUS,  Coition. 

ACCIDENS,  Symptoma — a.  Consecutifs,  Con- 
secutive phenomena. 

ACCIDENT,  Ac'cidens,  from  accidere,  {ad  and 
cadere,)  '  to  happen.'  A  casualty ;  an  unforeseen 
event.  The  French  —  like  older  English  writers 
—  use  the  term  in  nearly  the  same  sense  as  symp- 
tom.    It  means  also  an  unexpected  symptom. 

ACCIDEN'TAL,  Advanti" tious.  That  which 
happens  unexpectedly. 

The  French  give  the  name  Tissue  accidentels 
to  those  adventitious  textures,  that  are  the  result 
of  a  morbid  process. 

ACCIP'ITER,  Hi'erax,  \tpa^, '  the  hawk,'  from 
accipere  {ad  and  capio,)  'to  take.'  Menec'ratis 
Accip'iter,  (F.)  Epervier.  A  bandage  applied 
over  the  nose,  so  called  from  its  likeness  to  the 
claw  of  a  hawk. 

ACCLI'MATED,   Clima'ti  assue'tus,  (from  ad 
and  clima.)     A  word  of  recent  introduction  from 
the  French,  which  means  'accustomed  to  a  cli- 
mate.' 
ACCLIMATATION,  Acclimation. 
ACCLIMATEMENT,  Acclimation. 
ACCLIMATION,  Seas'oning.    {¥.)  Acdimate- 


ment,  Acclimalation.     The  act  of  becoming  accli- 
mated or  accustomed  to  a  climate. 

The  constitution  of  a  person,  who  goes  to  live 
in  another  and  a  very  different  climate  usually 
experiences  changes,  which  are  frequently  of  an 
unfavourable  character,  and  the  study  ot  which 
is  of  considerable  importance  i"  "medicine. 

ACCOMPAGNEMENT  DE  LA  CATA. 
RAOTE,  Accompaniment  of  the  cataract. 

ACCOM'PANIxVIENT,  Adjun'ction.  (F.)  Ac- 
compaqnement,  {eompagnon,  '  an  associate').  That 
whichis  joined  to  any  thing. 

Accompaniment  to  the  cataract,  {I.)  Accom- 
pagnement  de  la  cataracte,  is  a  whitish,  viscid 
substance,  which  sometimes  surrounds  the  opake 
crystalline  lens,  and  remains  after  the  operation 
for  cataract,  causing  a  secondary  cataract. 
ACCOUCHEE,  Puerpera. 
ACCOUCHEMENT,  Parturition  —  a.  Labori- 
ous, Dystocia — a.  cnntre  Nature,  see  Presentation, 
preternatural— a.  Laborieux,  Laborious  labour, 
— a.  Provoqne,  see  Parturition. 

ACCOUCHEUR,  (F.)  Adju'tor  Part&s,  Ob. 
stet'ricans,  Obstetri"cius,  Maieu'ter,  Maieu'tes. 
He  who  practices  the  art  of  midwifery.  A  physi- 
cian-Accoucheur, a  Surgeon-Accoucheur,  a  JJan- 
midxvife,  &c. 

ACCOUCHEUSE,  Midwife. 
ACCOUPLEMENT,  Coition. 
ACCOUTUMANCE,  Habit. 
ACCRE'TION,  Accre'tio,   from    ad,  *to,'  and 
crescere,  'to  increase.'     Augmentation;  (F.)  Ac- 
croissement  ;  also,  increase  by  juxtaposition. 
ACCROISSEMENT,  Accretion,  Increase. 
ACCUSATIO,  Indication. 
ACE'DIA,    Jncu'ria,   from   a,   privative,   and 
Ke&oi,  '  care.'     Want  of  care,  neglect.     Also,  fa- 
tigue.— Hippocrates. 
ACELLA,  Axilla. 
ACEOGNOSIA,  Pharmacognosia. 
ACEOLOGIA,  Materia  Medica. 
ACEPHALE,  Acephalous. 
ACEPHALH^'MIA,  (F.)  Acephalhemie,ivom. 
a,  priv.,  Kt<pa\ri,  '  head,'  and  aiyia,  '  blood.'     Want 
of  blood  in  the  encephalon. — Piorry. 
ACEPHALIA,  see  Acephalous. 
ACEPHALTE,  see  Acephalous. 
ACEPHALOBRA'CnUS,    from   a,   privative, 
K£<pii\rj,  '  head,'    and   ppa^Kiiv,    '  arm.'     A   foetus 
without  head  or  arms. 

ACEPHALOCAR'DIA,  from  a,  priv.,  tKtpaXv, 
'  head,'  and  Kupiia,  '  heart.'  Monstrosity  in  which 
there  is  absence  of  head  and  heart. 

ACEPHALOCHI'RUS,  from  a,  privative,  kc- 
(paXri,  'head,'  and  x"P>  'hand.'  A  foetus  without 
head  or  hands. 

ACEPH'ALOCYST,  Acephalocys'tis,  (F.)  Ace- 
phalocyste,  from  a,  privative,  Kci^aXr;,  'head,'  and 
KujTif,  'bladder.'  A  hydatiform  vesicle,  without 
head  or  visible  organs,  ranked  amongst  the  Ento- 
zoa,  although  possessed  of  few  animated  charac- 
teristics. In  no  organ  of  the  body  are  acepha- 
locysts  so  frequently  found  as  in  the  liver.  Gene- 
rally it  is  the  'multiple  acephalocyst,'  A.  socia'- 
lis  seu  prolif'era,  which  is  met  with.  At  times, 
however,  it  is  the  'solitary  acephalocyst,'  A. 
eremi'ta  seu  ster'ilis. 

The  acephalocyst! s  endog"ena  has  a  firm  coat, 
and  is  composed  of  different  layers,  which  have 
numbers  of  smaller  hydatids  within  them,  and 
are  thrown  og'  from  the  interior  of  the  parent 
cyst.  This  species  has  hence  been  termed  en- 
dogena,  to  distinguish  it  from  the  A.  exog"ena 
of  ruminant  animals,  in  which  the  young  vesicles 
are  developed  from  the  exterior  of  the  parent 
vesicles. — See  Hydatid. 

ACEPIIALOGAS'TER.  Athoracoceph'afus, 
from  a  privative,  Kt<pa\ri,  'head,' and  yaar/jp,  'the 


ACEPIIALOPODUS 


25 


ACETONE 


belly.'  A  nanio  gh-en  to  monsters  devoid  of  head, 
chcHt,  and  abdomen ;  or  to  those  which  have  an 
abdomen,  but  no  chest  or  head. 

ACEFHALOP'ODUS,  from  a,  priv.,  Ke<pa\r,, 
'head,'  and  novs,  no6of,  'foot.'  A  monster  devoid 
of  head  and  feet.  The  condition  is  called  Acephu- 
lopod'ia. 

ACKPHALORA'CIIIA,  from  a,  priv.,  w^aXi,, 
'head,'  and  pax^i,  'spine.'  Monstrosity  in  which 
there  is  absence  of  head  and  spine. 

ACE  PHALOS'TOMA,  from  a,  privative,  «f£0aX;7, 
'  head,' and  (rrofia,  'mouth.'  An  acephalous  foetus, 
at  the  upper  part  of  which  there  is  an  opening 
resembling  a  mouth. 

ACEPUALOTHORA'CIA,  from  a,  privative, 
KitpaXix,  '  head,'  and  ^upnf,  &tapaKO(:,  '  thorax.' 
Monstrosity  in  which  there  is  absence  of  head 
and  chest. 

ACEPHALOTIIO'RUS,  from  a,  privative, 
Kt(pa\Ti,  'head,' and  ■Jupa^,  '  chest,' Ajjectocejih'alus. 
A  monster  devoid  of  head  or  chest. 

ACEPH'ALOUS,  from  a,  privative,  and  KtipaXtj, 
'head.'  (F.)  Acephale.  A  monster  born  devoid 
of  head.  The  condition  is  called  Acepha'lia.  (F.) 
Acephalie. 

ACER,  Acrid. 

Acer  Palmifolium,  A.  Saccharinum. 

Acer  Pennsylvan'icum,  Striped  Ifaple, 
Striped  Dofjwood.  A  decoction  of  the  bark  has 
been  used  internally  and  externally  in  cutaneous 
atfections  ;  and  a  decoction  of  the  leaves  and  twigs 
is  said  to  relieve  nausea  and  vomiting. 

Acer  Rubrum,  lied  Jfuple  ;  Indigenous.  The 
inner  bark  is  a  mild  astringent.  The  Indians 
use  a  decoction  of  it  for  sore  eyes. 

Acer  Sacchari'num,  A.  palmi/o'lium.  Maple, 
Si(gar  Ifaple.  (F.)  Erable,  Ord.,  Aceraceae.  This 
tree  contains  a  large  amount  of  sweet  sap,  whence 
a  considerable  quantity  of  sugar  may  be  extracted. 
"When  purified,  this  sugar  can  scarcely  be  distin- 
guished from  that  obtained  from  the  cane. — See 
Saccharum. 

Acera'tes  Longifo'lia,  Long-leaved  green 
Milkweed;  Order,  Asclepiadaceae ;  indigenous, 
flowering  in  June  and  July;  has  the  properties 
of  the  order.     See  Asclepias. 

ACERATO'SIS,  from  a,  privative,  and  Kcpai, 
KcpaTOi,  '  horn.'  Defective  development  of  the 
corneous  tissue. 

ACERB',  Acer'bus,  Stryphnos,  from  acer, 
'sharp.'  A  savour,  or  taste,  compounded  of  the 
acid,  bitter,  and  astringent;  such  as  is  met  with 
in  unripe  fruits,  &c. 

ACER'CUS,  from  a,  privative,  and  nepKOi  'a 
tail.'     A  monster  devoid  of  tail. — Gurlt. 

ACE'RIDES,  Acero'des,  from  a,  privative,  and 
Krjpos,  '  wax.'     Plasters  devoid  of  wax. — Galen. 

ACERODES,  Acerides. 

ACERO'SUS,  Achyro'des,  Pithyri'nus,  from 
axypov,  '  chaff.'  Fiir/iira'ceous.  An  epithet  used 
by  Hippocrates  for  the  coarsest  bread,  made  of 
flour  not  separated  from  the  chaff. — Foesius. 

ACERVULUS  CEREBRI.  See  Pineal  Gland 
— a.  Glandulufl  Pinealis,  see  Pineal  Gland. 

ACES'CENCY,  Acescen'tia,  from  acescere,  '  to 
grow  sour,'  {axts,  'a  point,'  acer,  'sharp.')  A  dis- 
position to  acidity.  Tbe  humourists  believed  that 
the  animal  humours  are  susceptible  of  this  change. 

ACESIA,  Cure. 

ACESINOSUS,  Curative. 

ACESIS,  Curation,  Cure,  Medicament. 

ACESMA,  Medicament. 

ACES.MIUS,  Curable. 

ACES.MUS,  Cure. 

ACESODYNES,  Anodyne. 

ACESOPIIORUS,  Curative. 

ACESTER,  Physician. 

ACESTIS,  Medicament. 

ACESTOR,  Physician. 
2 


ACESTORIA,  Medicine. 
ACESTORIS,  Midwife. 
ACESTOS,  Curable. 
ACESTRA,  Needle. 
ACESTRIA,  Midwife. 
ACESTRIS,  Midwife. 
ACESTRUM,  Medicament. 
ACETA  MEDICATA,  Acetica. 
ACETABULA  UTERINA,  Cotyledons. 

ACETAB'ULUM,  (F.)  Aa^tabn/e,  from  acefiim, 
'  vinegar,'  because  it  resembles  the  old  vinegar 
vessel  oxybaph'iDH.  A  measure  capable  of  con- 
taining the  eighth  part  of  a  modern  pint. — Athe- 
nacus.  Galen.  See  Cotyloid.  According  to 
Castelli,  the  lobes  or  cotyledons  of  the  [.laeentue 
of  ruminating  animals  have  been  so  called. 

Acetabulum,  Cotyle,  Cotyloid— a.  Humeri,  see 
Glenoid — a.  Marinum,  Umbilicus  marinus. 

ACETA'RIA,  same  etymon.  A  salad  or 
pickle. 

ACETAS,  Acetate. 

ACETATE,  Ace'tas.  (F.)  Acetate.  A  salt 
formed  by  the  union  of  the  acetic  acid  with  an 
alkaline,  earthy,  or  metallic  base.  The  acetates 
chiefly  used  in  medicine  are  the  acetates  of  am- 
monia, lead,  potash,  and  zinc. 

ACE'TICA,  Ace'ta  Medica'ta.  (F.)  Vinnigrcn 
Medicinaux.  Pharmaceutical  preparations  of 
vinegar. 

ACE'TICUM  AC'IDUM,  Acid<im  Aee'ticwn 
for'tins  seu  forte  seu  puriim  seu  glacia'le,  Ace'- 
tum  radica'le,  O.ros,  Ace'tic  Acid,  Strong  Ace'toiis 
Acid,  Acidum  Aeeto' sum  forte,  liad'icul  Viit'egar, 
Spir'itus  Veu'erin  (ivhen  made  from  verdiyrin,) 
Spirit  of  Verdigris.  Concentrated  acetic  acid, 
prepared  by  decomposing  an  acetate  and  receiv- 
ing the  acetic  acid  by  distillation,  has  a  very 
pungent  and  grateful  odour,  and  an  acid  and 
acrid  taste.  Its  s.  g.  is  about  1.046,  and  it  is 
very  volatile. 

It  is  stimulant,  rubefacient,  and  eseharotic,  and 
is  applied  to  the  nostrils  in  syncope,  asphyxia, 
headache,  <fec.     It  destroys  wnrts. 

An  Aromatic  Spirit  of  Vinegar,  Ac"idiim  Ace'- 
ticum  Camphora'txim,  A.  aceto'ntim  camphora'tiim^ 
is  formed  of  this  strong  acid,  f^x;  Uatnphor,  ^j  ; 
Alcohol,  f^j. 

A  strong  Acetic  Acid  was  ordered  by  the  Lon- 
don pharmacopoeia,  prepared  from  wood.  It  was 
called  Vinegar  of  icood,  hnproved  distilled  ]'ine- 
gar,  Pyrolig'ncous  Acid,  Ace'tum  Ligvo'rnm,  and 
its  strength  was  such,  that  87  gr.  of  crystallized 
subcarbonate  of  soda  should  saturate  100  grains 
of  the  acid. 

Ac"idum  Ace'ticum  Dihi'tnm,  A.  A.  ten'ne.  sen 
debil'iiis,  Ace'tum  destilla'tvm,  Acidiim  nce'tlcnni, 
Acidum  aceto'sum  destilla'tum.  Distil'led  rin'egar, 
(F.)  Acide  Acetique  falble,  Vinaigre  dlilllle.  is 
prepared  by  distilling  vinegar,  until  .'^evcn-eiclitlis 
have  passed  over.  An  Acidum  nceticum  dlhitum. 
Diluted  acetic  acid,  is  made  by  mixing  a  pint  of 
the  strong  acetic  acid  with  seven  pints  of  rliftillcd 
water. — Ph.  U.  S.  Its  properties  are  like  those 
of  vinegar. 

AcETiciiM  Martiale,  Ferri  Acetas. 

ACETOLAT,  (F.)  from  acetum,  vinegar.  A 
liquid  medicine  resulting  from  the  distillation  of 
vinegar  on  one  or  more  aromatic  vegetable  suii- 
stances,  and  which  are  formed  of  vinegar  and 
essential  oils,  or  other  volatile  principles. — Bcral. 

ACETOLATUIiE,  same  etymon.  A  tincture, 
formed  by  digesting  a  vegetable  substance  or  sub- 
stances in  vinegar. — Beral.  * 

ACETOLE,  same  etymon,  Oxcole.  A  medi- 
cine, formed  of  distilled  vinegar  and  medicinal 
principles  dissolved  in  it. — Beral. 

AUETOMEL,  Oxymel. 

ACETONE,  Ac"cton,  from  acetum,  'vinegar.' 


ACETOSA   ALPINA 


26 


ACHILLEA   AGERATUM 


Splr'itii8  pi/ro-ace'ticiiii  ligno'ins,  Pi/ro-nce'tic 
tpiiit,  Pi/n>-(tce'tic  Ether,  Mesit'ic  Al'eohol, 
Jii/iijdrule  (if  Mcsil'i/lciie,  (F.)  Acetone;  errone- 
ously called  yaj)htha  and  Wood  Naphtha.  By 
others,  however,  the  terms  are  applied  to  Py- 
rojrylic  Spirit.  A  limpid,  colourless  liquid,  hav- 
ing a  peculiarly  penetrating  and  slightly  enipy- 
reuniiitic  odour.  Its  density  in  the  liquid  state, 
is  almost  the  same  as  that  of  alcohol,  0.7921.  Its 
taste  is  disagreeable,  and  analogous  to  that  of 
peppermint.  It  is  miscible  in  all  proportions 
with  water,  alcohol,  and  ether.  It  may  be  pre- 
pared by  distilling  a  mixture  of  two  parts  of 
crystallized  acetate  of  lead  and  one  part  of  quick- 
lime in  a  salt-glaze  jar  (gray-beard,)  the  lower 
part  of  the  jar  being  coated  with  fire-clay ;  and 
ii  bent  glass  tube,  half  an  inch  in  diameter, 
jidaptcd  to  the  mouth  by  a  cork,  so  as  to  form  a 
distillatory  apparatus.  The  jar  is  supported  on 
the  mouth  of  a  small  furnace,  by  which  the  lower 
part  only  is  heated  to  redness,  and  the  vapours 
are  conducted  into  a  Liebig's  condenser.  The 
product  is  repeatedly  redistilled  from  quicklime, 
until  its  boiling  point  is  constant  at  132°. 

It  has  been  brought  forward  as  a  remedy  in 
phthisis  pulmonalis;  but  evidently  with  un- 
founded pretensions.  It  is  an  excitant,  and  may 
be  serviceable  in  chronic  bronchitis.  The  dose 
is  ten  to  forty  drops  three  times  a  day,  diluted 
with  water. 

ACETOSA  ALPINA,  Rumex  alpinus  — a. 
Nostras,  Kumex  acetosa  —  a.  Pratensis,  llumex 
acetnsa  —  a.  Romana,  llumex  soutatus  —  a.  Ro- 
tundifolia,  Rumex  scutatiis  —  a.  Scutata,  Rumex 
scutatus — a.  Vulgaris,  Rumex  acetosa. 

ACETOSELLA,  Oxnlis  acetosclla. 

ACE'TUM,  o^os,  (has,  Aee'tiim  Vhii  seu  BH- 
tnn'iiiciiin  seu  (Idl'llcum,  Cummon  Viiiei/ar,  Aci- 
rliini  acetu'sum,  A'legnr,  Aee'tiim  Ccreriv'icB,  (F.) 
Viiinigre  ;  from  qkh,  'a  point,' (Tcec,  'sharp.'  A 
liquor  obtained  by  the  acetous  fermentation. 
Vinegar  has  a  pungent  odour,  and  a  pleasant  acid 
taste.  One  fluid  ounce  of  the  Acetum  of  the 
United  States  Pharmacopoeia  is  saturated  by 
about  35  grains  of  crystallized  bicarbonate  oif 
soda.  It  is  refrigerant  in  fevers  ;  antiseptic,  and 
anti-narcotic;  and  externally  is  stimulant  and 
discutient. 

Vinegar    Whey   is   made   by   stirring    a   small 

wineglassful  of  vinegar,  sweetened  with  a  dessert 

spoonful  of  sugar,  in  a  pint  of  wilk  ;  boiling  for 

I,  fifteen   minutes,  and   straining.     Like   tamarind 

whey  it  is  an  agreeable  drink  in  febrile  affections. 

Ack'tom  Aromat'icum,  A.  Theriaca'le  seu 
qiiutxior  fiiruni,  Acidiim  Aee'tictim  Aromat'icum, 
ThiereH'  Vinegar,  Vinegar  of  the  four  Thieves, 
Marseilles  Vinegar,  (F.)  Viuaigre  Aromatiqite, 
V.  des  (jiiatre  voletirs,  {Rorismarin.  cnciim.  sice., 
Fol.  Salvia  sing.  ,^j.  Lavaiid.  flor.  sice.  ^iv.  Ca- 
ryoph.  cont.  ^ss.  Acid.  Aeet.  Oij.  Macerate  7  days, 
•and  filter. — Ph.  E.)  Odour,  pungent  and  aroma- 
tic.    Used  as  a  perfume. 

AcETDM  Britannict!M,  Acetum. 

Ace'titm  Canthar'idis,  Vinegar  of  Cantha- 
rides,  (Cantharid.m  pulv.  ^^iij.  Aeid.  acet.  fSv., 
Acid,  piirolign.  f.^xv:  Eiiphorb.  in  pulv.  crass, 
^ss.  Mis  the  acids  ;  add  the  powders  ;  macerate 
for  seven  days ;  strain ;  express  strongly,  and 
filter  the  liquor.— Ph._^E.  The  London  College 
macerates  cantharid.  ^'j  in  acid.  acet.  Oj.  (Imp. 
meas.)  for  eight  days  ;  expresses  and  strains.)  It 
is  used  as  a  prompt  vesicant. 

Ace'tum  CoL'cHici,J7)ie(/'if)-  of  meadow  saffron. 
(Colchic.  rad.'contiis.  ^\}  ;  Acid,  acetic,  diliit.  vel 
Acet.  destillat.  Oij  ;  Ph.  U.  S.  18.51.  It  may  also 
be  made  by  displacement.)  It  is  used  as  a  diu- 
retic, and  also  in  gout.     Dose  f,^''^-  to  f.^iss. 

AcETCM  Dkstillatl'm;  see  Aceticum  ncidum 
— ^a.  Gallieum,  A,cetum  —  a.  Lignorum:  see  Ace- 


ticum acidum— a.  Mulsum  dulce,  Oxyglycus— n. 
Opii,  GuttiB  Nigrie  —  a.  Plumbicum  seu  Saturni- 
nuu).  Liquor  Plumbi  subacetatis  —  a.  Quatucir 
furum,  Acetum  Aromaticum — a.  Radlcale,  Aceti- 
cum Acidum — a.  Rosatum,  Oxyrrhodinon. 

AcKTI'M  Scil.L^t:,  Acidum  Ace'ticum  Scillit'- 
icum,  Vinegar  of  SquRls,  (F.)  Vinaigre  scilli- 
tiqiie,  {Scil/w  contus.  ,^iv;  Acet.  destillat.  Oij; 
Ph.  U.  S.  It  may  also  be  made  by  displace- 
ment.) Diuretic,  expectorant,  and  emetic.  Doso 
f^ss  to  3ij  as  a  diuretic  and  expectorant.  It 
may  also  be  made  by  the  process  of  displacement. 

Acetum  Tukhiacalb,  Acetum  aron)alicum. 

ACEYTE  DE  SAL.  A  remedy  for  broncho- 
cele  used  in  S.  America.  Roulin  found  it  to  con- 
tain a  portion  of  iodine. 

ACUACANA.  A  species  of  cactus,  in  the  pro- 
vince of  Potosi  in  Peru.  Its  root  is  thick  and 
fleshy,  and  of  a  conical  shape.  It  is  a  good  edi- 
ble, and  is  sold  in  the  markets  of  the  country. 

ACHALYPHEiMlE.     See  Chlorosis. 

ACHANACA.  A  plant  of  the  kingdom  of 
Mely  in  Africa.  It  is  used  by  the  natives  as  an 
antisyphilitic. 

ACllAOVAN,  a  species  of  Egyptian  cliamo- 
mile. — Prosper  Alpinus. 

ACHAOVAN-ABIAT.  The  Egyptian  name 
of  Cineraria  huiritima,  used  in  female  diseases. 

ACIIAR,  Atchar. 

ACHE,  Pain. 

ACHE,  Apium  graveolens — a.  des  Ifontngnes, 
Ligusticum  levisticum. 

ACIIEI'LIA,  Aehi'lia,  from  a,  priv.,  and  ■)(^c{\oi, 
'lip.'  A  malformation,  consisting  in  a  deficiency 
of  a  lip  or  lips. 

ACllEl'LUS,  Aehi'lua:  same  etymon.  One 
who  is  without  lips. 

ACHEIR,  Aehir,  De'manns,  from  a,  privative. 
and  x^'Pf  'hand.'     One  devoid  of  hands.— tialcn. 

ACllEI'RIA,  Achi'ria:  same  etymon.  The 
state  of  being  devoid  of  hands. 

ACHEROIS,  Populus. 

ACHIA,  Arhiar.  A  name  given  in  India  to 
the  pickled  shoots  of  the  bamboo. 

AcHiA,  Atchar. 

ACIIIAR.  Achia. 

ACIIIC'OLUM.  Achit'obta,  Ilidrote'rion,  Sii- 
da'rinm,  Fornix,  Tholus,  Siidato' riiini,  Sn'datory, 
Siceating-honse,  Sweating-bath.  The  eivcating- 
rooin  in  the  ancient  bagnios. 

ACIIILIA,  Acheilin. 
■  ACHILLE,  TENDON  D',  Achillis  t.^ndo. 

ACIIILLE'A  AGE'RATUM.  A.  visco'sa,  Bal- 
sami'ta  fa-min'ea,  Enpato'rinm  MES'UKS,  Age'iii- 
tiim,  Cos'tiis  horto'rum  minor,  Maudlin,  Maudlin 
Tansey  ;  (F.)  Achillie  Visqueiise ;  Ord.  Compo- 
sitae;  Sex.  Sijit.  Syngenesia  Polygamia  Super- 
flua, —  has  the  same  properties  as  tansey,  bitter 
and  aromatic,  and  is  used  in  like  affe('tions. 

Achillk'a  Atua'ta,  Herba  Gen'ipi  vcri,  (F.) 
Achillee  Noire,  has  similar  virtues. 

Achillk'a  MlI,LEFO'l,inM,  Achille'a  Myrio. 
phyl'lon,  Chri/soc'oma,  Millefo'l ium,  Chilioj,h,il'. 
Ion,  Lunibus  Vcn'cris,  Common  Yarrow  or  Mil- 
foil. (F.)  Millefeuilh,  Herbe  <iHx  charjjentiers. 
The  leaves  and  flowers  have  an  aromatic  smell, 
and  a  rough,  bitterish,  somewhat  pungent  taste. 
They  have  been  used  in  dyspepsia,  liatulencej 
hemorrhage,  &c.  An  extract  of  the  plant,  made 
with  proof  spirit,  has  been  called  AchitUVnum  ■ 
and  IS  used  by  the  Italians  in  intermittent  fever 

Achille'a  Moscha'ta,  an  Alpine  plant,  has 
been  esteemed  diaphoretic  and  vulnoniry  (')  A 
volatile  oil  calle.l  E.prit  d'lva.  is  obtained  from 
It  in  Switzerland,  which  is  much  prized  for  its 
musky  odour.  It  is  said,  by  Merat  and  De  Lens 
to  be  the  Genlpi  of  the  Savoyards,  which  i<  usu- 
ally referred  to  Artemisia  rupestris. 

Achille'a  Ptau'.mica,  Ptar'mica,  P.  Vulgu' 


ACIIILLEE  XOIRE 


ACID 


rf»,     Psp.xido  py'rethrnm,     Pyrethrnm     sylrei'tre, 
Draco    Hj/toeK'tn'H,    Torchon    si/lrenfria,    Sternntit- 
meiito'riti,    Driifipi'diliia  Pralrii'idH,   Sneeze-wort, 
BitHtard  Pel'litory.     (F.)  Herhe  d  ileruuer.     Tlie 
roots   find   flowers  have  a  hot,  biting  taste,  ap- 
proaching that  of  pyrethrutn.     Their  principal 
use  is  as  a  masticatory  and  sialogogue. 
Achillea  ViscosA,  A.  Ageratum. 
ACIIILLEE    NOIRE,    Achillea    atrata  — a. 
Vit<iiiruHe,  Achillea  ageratum. 
ACIIILLEINUM,  see  Achillea  Millefolium. 
ACHILLE'IS.     A  beautiful  species  of  barley, 
mentioned   by   Thcophrastus  and   Galen,   called 
after   Aehilles,  a   labourer.     The  decoction  was 
used  in  fevers  and  jaundice. — Hippocrates. 

ACIIILLEUM.  telepheum. 

ACllIl/LlS  TENDO,  Funis  Hippoc'ratis, 
Ciirdu  seu  Chorda  IIippoc'uatis,  Corda  magna, 
Nervng  latuH,  (F.)  Te)tdon  d'AchiUe.  The  Strong 
tendon  of  the  gastroenemii  muscles  above  the 
heel :  so  called,  because  it  was  the  only  vulner- 
able part  of  Achilles,  or  because  of  its  strength. 
See  Tendon. 

ACIIILUS,  Acheilus. 

ACIIIMBASSI.  An  archiater  or  chief  of  phy- 
sicians. A  name  given,  at  Grand  Cairo,  to  a 
magistrate  who  licenses  physicians. 

AC II I R,  Acheir. 

ACIIIRIA,  Acheiria. 

ACIIITOLUS,  Achicolum. 

ACHLYS,  Caligo. 

ACIIMELLA,  Spilanthus  acraella. 

ACUNE.  Lint.  See  Linteum.  Also,  small 
mucous  flocculi  seen  in  front  of  the  cornea. — 
Hippocrates. 

AC'HOL'IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  ;^oA»;,  'bile.' 
Deficiency  or  want  of  bile.     Also,  Asiatic  cholera. 

A'CHOLUS:  same  etymon.  One  deficient  in 
bile. 

ACIIOR,  Porrigo  larvalis. 

ACHO'llES.  A  term  often  employed  by  the 
ancients  to  designate  botli  crunta  lac'tea,  and 
small  superficial  ulcerations  on  the  skin  of  the 
face  and  head.     See  Porrigo  Larvalis. 

AcnoRES  Capitis,  Porrigo  scutulata. 

ACHORION  SCHONLEINL  See  Porrigo  fa- 
vosa. 

ACnOllIS'TUS,  from  a,  priv.,  and  x<^piC«>,  'I 
.separate.'  Any  sign  which  necessarily  accompa- 
nies a  state  of  health  or  disease. 

ACHOUROU.  The  Caraib  name  for  a  species 
of  myrtle  used  in  dropsy. 

ACHllAS  AUSTRALIS,  Sapota  —  a.  Sapota, 
Sapota  —  a.  Zapota,  Siipota. 

ACHROI,  Achruniatii'li,  Achro'mati,  Achro'mi, 
from  a,  privative,  and  ^piofia,  'colour.'  Pale  indi- 
viduals—Hippocrates. It  is  nearly  synonymous 
with  Xeiifiatnut,  leiphce'mi,  persons  without  colour; 
blooilless. 

ACHRO'MA,  Chloasma  album,  Leucopathi'a 
partia'lis  acquis'ita.  Partial  privation  of  colour 
of  the  .skin. 

ACHROMASIA,  Decoloration. 

ACIIROMATI,  Achroi. 

ACllliOM  AT'lC,A<'hromat'icns:  same  etymon. 
A  lens,  so  constructed  as  to  correct  the  aberration 
of  rcfrann-ibility  of  common  lenses,  is  so  termed. 
The  Cri/xtiil/ini'.  is  an  achromatic  lens. 

ACHKOMATISTI,  Achroi. 

ACHROMATOPSIA,  Achromntop'sy,  Chroma- 
topsi-udop'sia,  Chromatometahlep'sia,  Dyschroma- 
tou'sSa.  Parachro'ma,  Pseudochro'mia,  Parora'- 
sis,  visas  de'color,  Colour  blindness,  Idioj)t'cy,^ 
flal'tonism,  from  a,  privative,  x^"/"'-  'colour,' 
and  oTTouni,  '  I  see.'  Incapability  of  distinguish- 
ino-  colours;  a  defect  situate  in  the  cerebral  part 
of^the  visual  organ.  Persons  so  circumstanced 
have  been  termed,  by  Mr.  Whewell,  Idiopts.  See 
Acyanoblepsia  and  Anerytliropsia. 


ACHROMI,  Achroi. 

ACHROMODKK.VIE.  see  Albino. 

ACHHOMOTRICHOMIE.  see  Albino. 

ACHRYSTALLODIAPIIANIE,  see  Cata- 
raet. 

ACHYLO'SIS,  from  a,  privative,  and  x^^''''< 
'juice,  chyle.'  Defective  chylosis  or  formation 
of  chj'le. 

ACHYMO'SIS,  from  a,  privative,  and  x^l^°^> 
'juice,  chyme.'     Defective  chymification. 

ACHYRAN'THES  REPENS,  Illicc'brvm  po- 
lyjonnidcH,  Forty  Knot;  indigenous.  Order, 
Ainaranthaceae.  A  decoction  of  the  plant  \i 
drunk  as  a  diuretic  in  dropsy,  ischuria,  ic. 

ACHYRODES,  Acerosus. 

ACHYRON,  Furfur. 

A'CIA,  from  aKn,  a  point.  A  word  used  by 
Celsus,  which  has  puzzled  commentators, —  some 
believing  it  to  have  meant  a  needle ;  others  the 
thread;  and  others,  again,  the  kind  of  suture. 
"Ada  mollis,  non  uiinis  torta." — Celsus,  Galen. 
(Chifflet  thinks  it  meant  the  thread. — Antwerp, 
1638.) 

ACID,  A(:"idus,  O.rys.  (F.)  Acide,  Ai<jre,  ^TOTO. 
aici?,  uKiioi,  'a  point;'  sharp;  sour;  especially  as 
ajiplied  to  odorous  or  sapid  substances.  The 
French  also  use  the  term  ai/jrc,  when  referring 
to  the  voice,  in  the  sense  of  sharp  and  shrill :  — 
as  line  voix  ai</re,  vox  aspera. 

Acin,  AcKTic,  Aceticum  acidum — a.  Acetic,  of 
commerce,  Pyroligneous  acid — a  Acetic,  dilute, 
see  Aceticum  acidum  —  a.  Acetous,  strong,  Ace- 
ticum acidum  —  a.  Aerial,  Carbonic  acid  —  a. 
Antimonious,  Antimonium  diaphoretieum  —  a. 
Arsenious,  Arsenicum  album — a.  Auric,  see  Gold 
—  a.  Azotic,  Nitric  acid  —  a.  Benzoic,  Benjamin, 
flowers  of — a.  Benzuric,  Hippuric  acid — a.  Bezo- 
ardic,  Uric  acid — a.  Boric,  Boracic  acid — a.  Cal- 
careous, Carbonic  acid — a.  Calculous,  Uric  acid. 

Acid,  Caubazot'iC,  Ac"idum  Carb/izot'icum, 
Carboni'tric  or  Picric  acid,  Welter's  Bitter,  (F.) 
Acide  Carbozotirjue.  This  acid  is  frequently 
formed  by  the  action  of  v<incent rated  nitric  acid 
on  animal  and  vei/ctable  substances.  It,  as  well 
as  the  carbazotates,  is  tonic  and  astringent. 

Acid,  Cakbonackous,  Carbonic  acid  —  a.  Car- 
bonitric.  Acid  Carbazotic  —  a.  Carbonous,  Oxalic 
acid  —  a.  Caseic,  Lactic  acid  —  a.  Chromic,  see 
Chromic  acid — a.  Citric,  Citric  acid — a.  Crotonic, 
see  Croton  tiglium — a.  Cyanhydric,  Hydrocyanic 
acid — a.  Cyanohydrie,  Hydrocyanic  acid — a.  Ga- 
lactic, Lactic  acid  —  a.  Gastric,  Gastric  juice. 

Acid,  Gallic,  Ac"idum  GaU'icnm.  (F.)  Acidc 
Gallique.  This  acid  is  found  in  most  of  the  astrin- 
gent plants  that  contain  tannic  acid  of  the  kind 
obtained  from  galls.  It  is  in  delicate  silky  nee- 
dles, usually  somewhat  yellowish,  inodorous,  and 
of  a  harsh,  somewhat  astringent  taste.  It  dis- 
solves in  one  hundred  parts  of  cold  and  three 
parts  of  boiling  water.  It  is  very  soluble  in  alco- 
hol, and  but  slightly  so  in  ether. 

It  has  been  highly  extolled  in  internal  hemor- 
rhage, especially  from  the  urinary  organs  and 
uterus.     Dose  from  ten  to  twenty  grains. 

The  last  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States 
(1861)  directs  it  to  be  made  by  exposing  a  thin 
paste  of  powdered  (falls  and  distilled  water  for  a 
month,  adding  the  water  from  time  to  time  to  pre- 
serve the  consistence ;  expressing  the  paste ; 
boiling  the  residue  in  distilled  water;  filtering 
through  animal  charcoal,  and  crystallizing. 

Acid,  Hippu'kiC,  Ac"idnm  Hippu'ricum,  Uro- 
ben'zoic,  U'rino-benzo'ic  or  Denzu'ric  acid.  An 
acid  found  in  the  urine  of  graminivorous  animals. 
It  is  contained  in  human  urine,  especially  after 
benzoic  acid  has  been  taken.     See  Hippuria. 

Acid,  HydhiOD'ic,  Ac"idum  Ilydrind'icnm. 
This  acid  is  made  by  mixing  solutions  of  iodide 
of  potassium  and  tartaric  acid;  filtering  the  liquor 


ACIDE  ACETIQUE  FAIBLE      2  8 


ACIDUM  ACETICUM 


to  separate  the  bitartrate  of  potassa,  and  adding 
■water  to  make  the  resulting  hydriodio  acid  of 
definite  strength. 

It  has  been  used  in  the  same  cases  as  the  pre- 
parations of  iodine  in  general,  but  is  rarely  em- 
ployed. 

Acin,  HYDnocHLORONiTRic,  Nitro-muriatic  acid 
— a.  Hydrocyanic,  Hydrocyanic  acid — a.  Hydro- 
cyanic, dilute,  see  Hydrocyanic  acid — a.  Hydro- 
sulphuric,  Hydrogen,  sulphuretted — a.  Hydrothi- 
onic.  Hydrogen,  sulphuretted — a.  Igasuric :  see 
Jatropha  curcas. 

Acid,  Iodic,  Ac"idiim  lod'icum,  (F.)  Acide 
lodique.  This  is  obtained  by  boiling  iodine  with 
nitric  acid ;  or  by  decomposing  iodate  of  baryta 
by  dilute  Kitlphnric  acid.  It  is  a  white,  transpa- 
rent solid,  slightly  deliquescent,  and  very  soluble 
in  water.  It  has  been  given  with  sulphate  of 
quinia  in  hoarseness,  scrofula,  incipient  phthisis, 
chronic  inflammation,  syphilis,  etc.  Dose  three 
to  six  grains,  or  more. 

Acid,  Lactic,  see  Lactic  acid. 
Acid  of  Lemons,  Citric  acid — a.  Litbenic,  Uric 
acid — a.  Lithiasic,  Uric  acid— a.  Lithic,  Uric  acid 
— a.  Marine  Dephlogisticated,  Chlorine — a.  Lac- 
tic, Lactic  acid — a.  Marine  dulcified,  Spiritus 
aetheris  niuriatici — a.  Mephitic,  Carbonic  acid — 
a.  of  Milk,  Lactic  acid — a.  Muriatic,  see  Muria- 
ticuin  acidum — a.  Muriatic,  dilute,  Muriaticum 
acidum — a.  Nanceic,  Lactic  acid — a.  Nitric,  see 
Nitric  acid — a.  Nitric,  dilute,  see  Nitric  acid — 
a.  Nitro-hydrochloric,  Nitro-muriatic  acid  —  a. 
Nitro-muriatic,  see  Nitro-muriatic  acid — a.  Ni- 
trous, dephlogisticated.  Nitric  acid — a.  Oxysep- 
tonic.  Nitric  acid — a.  Picric,  Acid,  carbazotic 
— a.  Polygalic,  see  Polygala  senega — a.  Prus- 
sic,  Hydrocyanic  acid — a.  Pyroligneous,  see  Ace- 
ticum  acidum — a.  Pyrolignic,  Pyroligneous  acid 
— a.  Rosacic,  see  Porphyruria — a.  of  Sorrel,  Oxa- 
lic acid — a.  of  Sugar,  Oxalic  acid — a.  Sulphhydric, 
Hydrogen  sulphuretted — a.  Sulpho-hydric,  Hy- 
drogen sulphuretted  —  a.  Sulphuric,  see  Sul- 
phuric acid — a.  Tannic,  Tannin — a.  Uric,  Uric 
acid — a.  Urino-benzoic,  Acid,  hippuric — a.  Uro- 
benzoic,  A.  Hippuric — a.  Urous,  Uric  oxide — a. 
Urylic,  Uric  acid. 

ACIDE  ACETIQUE  FAIBLE,  see  Acetieum 
acidum — a.  Azotique,  Nitric  acid — a.  Boracique, 
Boracic  acid — a.  Chromiqne,  Chromic  acid — a. 
GalUque,  Acid,  gallic — a.  Hydrocynniqne,  Hydro- 
cyanic acid — a.  Hi/drosulfurique,  Hydrogen,  sul- 
phuretted— a.  lodiqne,  Acid,  iodic — a.  Lactiqne, 
Lactic  acid — 17.  Nitrique,  Nitric  acid — a.  Phos- 
))li<>riqtte,  Phosphoric  acid — a.  Prttsxiqne,  Hydro- 
cyanic acid — a.  Pyroacetique,  Pyroligneous  acid 
— a.  Pyroligniqne,  Pyroligneous  acid — a.  Sii/fa- 
renx,  Sulphurous  acid — a.  Sidfurique,  Sulphuric 
jicid — a.  Sulfariqite  delays,  Sulphuricum  acidum 
dilutuni  —  a.  Tatniiqice,  Tannin  —  a.  Tartrique, 
Tartaric  acid — a.  Urique,  Uric  acid. 
ACIDITATIO,  Acidities. 

ACID'ITIES,  Aco'ren,  Acidi'ta'tio,  Ae"idiim 
morho'sum  seu  prima' rum  via'rum,  Ox'ytes,  Sordes 
ae'idcB,  (F.)  Aigreurs.  Sourness  of  the  stomach, 
the  result  of  indigestion,  indicated  by  acid  eruc- 
tations, etc.  The  affection  is  very  common  in 
children,  and  must  be  obviated  by  absorbents, 
as  masrnesia,  chalk,  etc.,  and  by  regulated  diet. 

ACIDOLOG"IA,  from  aKH,  aKdoi,  'a  point,  a 
sharp  instrument,'  and  \ayoi,  'a  description.'  A 
description  of  surgical  instruments. 

ACIDOM'ETER,  (F.)  Acidometre,  Piee-acide, 
from  acid,  and  ftcrpov,  'measure.'  A  hydrometer 
for  determinins  the  density  of  acids. 

ACIDS,  Ae"idn,  Aco'res,  are  liquid,  solid,  or 
gaseous  bodies,  possessed  of  a  sour,  more  or  less 
caustic  taste,  and  the  principal  character  of  which 
is  the  capability  of  saturating,  wholly  or  in  part, 
the  alkaline  properties  of  bases. 


Acids,  in  general,  are  refrigerant  and  antiscp- 
tic.  Their  particular  uses  are  pointed  out  unUer 
the  individual  articles.  ,    . ,  , 

To  ACID'ULATB,  (F.)  Aigmser,  Aciduler. 
To  render  acidulous,  or  slightly  acid. 

ACID' VLOVS,  Ac  id' idiis,  Suba"cHlun,  Oxo  cles, 
Oxoi'des,  (F.)  Acidide,  Aiyrclet.  Substances  are 
so  called  which  possess  a  sourish  taste,  as  tama- 
rinds, cream  of  tartar,  etc. 

Acidulous  Fruits.  Oranges,  gooseberries,  etc. 

Acidulous  Waters,  ^(ywa;  Acidula.  Mineral 
waters  containing  carbonic  acid  gas  sufficient  to 
render  them  sourish.     Sec  AVaters,  mineral. 

Acidulous  Water,  Simple,  Aqua  Ac"idi  Car- 
bon'id  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Aqua  a'eris  fixi  seu  ucid'- 
ula  simplex,  Liquor  seu  Aqua  Soda:  efferves'cenn, 
Aqua  Carbona'tiB  SodcB  acid'ula,  Soda  water,  iVi- 
neral  water,  (F.)  Eati  acidule  sivqde,  is  water 
impregnated  with  fixed  air. 

Water,  so  impregnated,  is  cooling  and  slightly 
stimulating.  It  is  used  beneficially  in  dyspepsia, 
and  in  cases  of  vomiting,  etc. 

ACIDUM  ACETICUM,  Acetieum  acidum— a. 
Acetieum  aromaticum,  Acetum  aromaticum — a. 
Acetieum  camphoratum,  see  Acetieum  acidum — 
a.  Acetieum  dilutum,  see  Acetieum  acidum — a. 
Acetieum  e  Ligno  venale,  Pyroligneous  acid — a. 
Acetieum  empyreumaticum,  Pyroligneous  acid — 
a.  Acetieum  glaciale,  Acetieum  acidum — a.  Ace- 
tieum Scilliticum,  Acetum  scilla? — a.  Acetosella», 
Oxalic  acid — a.  Acetosum,  Acetum — a.  Allantni- 
cum,  Allantoic  acid — a.  Amnicum,  Amniotic  acid 
— a.  Arsenicosum,  Arsenious  acid — a.  Arsenio- 
sum  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Arsenicum  album — a.  Azoticum, 
Nitric  acid — a.  Benzoicum,  Benjamin,  Flowers 
of — a.  Benzoylicum,  Benzoin,  Flowers  of — a. 
Boracicum,  Boracic  acid — a.  Borussicuin,  Hydro- 
cyanic acid — a.  Carbazoticuni,  Acid,  carbazotic — 
a.  Carbonicum,  Carbonic  acid — a.  Citricum,  Citric 
acid — a.  Gallicum,  Acid,  gallic — a.  Hydriodicuiii, 
Acid,  hydriodic  —  a.  Ilydrocarbonicum,  O.xnlic 
acid — a.  Hydrochloricum,  Muriaticum  acidum — 
a.  Hydrocyanicum,  Hydrocyanic  acid — a.  Hydro- 
cyanicum  dilutum,  see  Hydrocyanic  acid  —  a. 
Hydrothionicum  liquidum,  see  Hydrosulphuretted 
water — a.  lodicum.  Acid,  iodic — a.  Jatrophicum, 
see  Jatropha  curcas — a.  Lacticum,  Lactic  acid — 
a.  Ligneum,  Pyroligneous  acid — a.  Ligni  pyro- 
oleosum,  Pyroligneous  acid — a.  Lignorum  empy- 
reumaticum, Pyroligneous  acid — a.  Limonis,  Ci- 
tric acid — a.  Lithicum,  Uric  acid — a.  Marinum 
concentratum,  Muriaticum  acidum  —  a.  Morbo- 
sum,  Acidities — a.  Muriaticum,  Muriaticum  aci- 
dum— a.  Muriaticum  dilutum,  Muriaticum  acidum 
—  a.  Muriaticum  nitroso-oxygenatum,  Nitro- 
muriatic  acid  —  a.  Nitri,  Nitric  acid  —  a.  Nitri 
dulcificatum,  Spiritus  aetheris  nitrici — a.  Nitri- 
cum.  Nitric  acid — a.  Nitricum  dilutum,  Nitric 
acid — a.  Nitro-muriaticum,  Nitro-muriatic  acid — 
a.  Oxalinum,  Oxalic  acid — a.  Phosphoricuin, 
Phosphoric  acid  —  a.  Picricum,  Acid,  carbazotic 
— a.  Primarum  viarum,  Acidities — a.  Prussicum, 
Hydrocyanic  acid  —  a.  Pyroaceticum,  Pyrolig- 
neous acid — a.  Pyroligneum,  Pyroligneous  acid 
— a.  Pyroxylicum,  Pyroligneous  acid — a.  Querci- 
tannicum,  Tannin — a.  Sacchari,  Oxalic  acid — a. 
Saccharinum,  Oxalic  acid — a.  Sails,  Muriaticum 
acidum — a.  Sails  culinaris,  Muriaticum  acidum — • 
a.  Salis  marini,  Muriaticum  acidum — a.  Scytode- 
phicum,  Tannin — a.  Septicum,  Nitric  acid — a. 
Succinicum,  Succinic  acid — a.  Sulphuricum,  Sul- 
phuric acid — a.  Sulphuricum  alcoolisatuin,  Elixir 
acidum    Halleri  —  a.    Sulphuricum    aromaticum, 

Sulphuric  acid,  aromatic — a.  Sulphuricum  dilu- 
tum. Sulphuric  acid,  diluted — a.  Suljihuris  vola- 
tile, Sulphurous  acid — a.  Sulphurosicum,  Sulphu- 
rous acid — a.  Tannicum,  Tannin — a.  Tartari  es- 

sentiale.  Tartaric  acid — a.  Tartaricum,  Tartaric 

acid — a.  Tartarosum,  Tartaric  acid- -a.  Uricum, 


ACIDURGIA 


29 


ACONITUM 


Uric  acid — a.  Urolithicutn,  Uric  acid — a.  Vitrio- 
licuin,  Sulphuric  acid  —  a.  Vitriolicum  aroiuati- 
cuiii,  Sul))liuricum  aciduin  aromaticum  —  a.  Vi- 
triolicum alcohole  aromaticum,  Sulpliuricum  aci- 
dum  aromaticum — a.  Vitriolicum  viiiosum,  Elixir 
aciduin  llalleri — a.  Zooticum,  Hydrocyanic  acid 
— a.  Zootinicum,  Hydrocyanic  acid. 

ACIDURUIA,  Surgery  (operative). 

AClEli,  Clialybs. 

ACIES,  Chiilyi)s — a.  Di^'itorum  manus,  Pha- 
langes of  the  fingers — a.  Uiurna,  Hcmeralopia. 

ACIXE,  Acinus. 

ACINE'SIA,  Acine'si's,  Ahine'fihi,  Immohil'i- 
tuH,  Qiiien,  Jic(/iiiei!,  Itequle'tio,  Exi/ch'ia,  Erem'ia, 
from  a,  privative,  and  Kiviian,  'motion,'  xivctD,  'I 
move.'  Rest.  Immobility.  Also,  the  interval 
between  the  systole  and  diastole  of  the  heart — 
Pciraai/s'tole. 

Under  the  term  Acineaes,  Romberg  includes 
the  paralytic  neuroses,  or  those  that  are  charac- 
terized by  defect  of  motive  power. 

ACINI  OF  MALPIGIII,  Corpora  Malpig- 
hiana. 

ACINTPORMIS  (TUNICA),  Choroid,  Uvea. 

ACINUS,  A.  g/aiidiilo'sus,  from  ac"inuii,  'a 
grape-stone,'  (F.)  Acine.  A  yUttidiform  corpus- 
cle, in  which  secretion  was  supposed  to  take 
place,  find  the  excretory  radicle  to  arise.  Acini 
are  the  (jlnh'idi  arterui'rum  ter'mini  of  Nichols. 
The  term  ac"ini  (/loiidulo'si  has  also  been  given 
to  glands  which,  like  the  pancreas,  are  arranged, 
as  it  were,  in  clusters.  Glands  thus  formed  have 
been  called  (/laii'dulai  nciiio'xcB.     See  Lobule. 

ACIPENSER,  see  Ichthyocolla. 

ACIUlKiIA,  Surgery  (operative). 

ACLEITROCARDIA,  Cyanopathy. 

ACMAS'TICUS,  from  nx/j;/,  'the  top,' and  crraw, 
'  I  remain.'  A  fever  which  preserves  an  equal 
degree  of  intensity  throughout  its  course.  It  is 
also  called  Honiot'onos.  The  Greeks  gave  it  the 
name  of  E/innnms'ticos,  and  Si/>i'ocho8,  when  it 
went  on  increasing,  and  Paracmas'ticos,  when  it 
decreased. — Galen. 

ACME,  Vigor,  Cor'yphe,  Cidmina'tto,  Stntnn, 
FaHti<i"ium.  The  period  of  a  disease  at  which 
the  symptoms  are  most  violent.  Arche,  Apx'^i  i^ 
'the  commencement;'  anah'asis,  avafiaais,  'the 
period  of  increase;'  and  acme,  aK/irj,  'the  height,' 
(F.)  Flat. 

ACMELLA,  Spilanthus  acmella — a.  Mauriti- 
ana,  Spilanthus  acmella. 

ACMON,  Incus. 

ACNE,  Acna,  Ion' thus  varus,  Varus,  Psydra'cia 
Acne,  Stone  Pock,  Whelk,  Bnhucle,  (F.)  Aenf., 
Dartre  pnstuleuse  disHeminee.  A  small  pimple 
or  tubercle  on  the  face.  —  Gorrajus.  Foesius 
thinks  the  word  ought  to  be  Acme;  and,  accord- 
ing to  Cassius,  it  is,  at  all  events,  derived  from 
aKfiri,  'vigour;'  the  <iisease  affecting  those  in  the 
vigour  of  life  especially. 

Willan  and  Bateinan  have  adopted  the  term  in 
their  Nosology  of  cutaneous  diseases,  and  placed 
it  in  the  order  Tubkucula.  Acne,  with  them,  is 
an  eruption  of  distinct,  hard,  inflamed  tubercles, 
sometimes  continuing  for  a  considerable  length 
of  time,  and  sometimes  suppurating  slowly  and 
partially.  They  usually  appear  on  the  forehead, 
temples,  and  chin,  and  are  common  to  both  sexes; 
but  the  most  severe  forms  are  seen  in  young  men. 
They  require  but  little  management,  and  consist 
of  four  varieties :  Acne  indiira'ta,  A.  simplex, 
(Hnplo'dcne),  A.  pnncta'ta  (Ton'thus  varus  punc- 
ta'tuH  Pniirtm  niuco'sa;,  Criiio'  nes,  Comedo'nes 
or  Maiiifot  Pimple,  Worms,  Grubs),  and  A.  rosa'- 
ceo. — See  Gnttn  Rosea. 

AcvK  Mkn'tacra.  Sycosis — a.  Rosacea,  Gutta 
j^osea a.  of  the  Throat,  Pharyngitis-,  follicu- 
lar. 


ACNE'MIA,  Akne'mia,  from  a,  privatire,  and 
Kvtnjiri,  'the  leg.'     Absence  of  legs. 

ACNE,  Acne — a.  Molluscoide,  Molluscum. 

ACNES'TIS,  from  a,  privative,  and  Kvativ,  'to 
scratch.'  The  part  of  the  spine  which  extends, 
in  quadrupeds,  from  between  the  shoulders  to  the 
loins.  According  to  Pollux,  the  middle  of  the 
loins.     The  vertebral  column. 

ACNESTOS,  Cneorum  tricoccum. 

ACOE,  Audition,  Ear. 

ACCE'LIOS,  from  a,  privative,  and  xoiXia,  'belly.' 
Devoid  of  belly.  One  who  is  so  emaciated  as  to 
appear  to  have  no  belly. — Galen. 

ACOKMETER,  Acoumeter. 

ACOEMETRUM,  Acoumeter. 

ACOENOSI,  Aconusi. 

ACOESIS,  Audition. 

ACOGNOSIA,  Pharraacognosia. 

ACOLASIA,  Intemperance. 

ACOLOGY,  Materia  Medica. 

ACONE,  Mortar. 

ACONIT  A  GRANDS  FLEURS,  Aconitum 
cammarum — a.  Snhitaire,  Aconitum  anthora. 

ACONITA,  see  Aconitum  napellus. 

ACONITE,  Aconitum. 

ACONITI  FOLIA,  see  Aconitum— a.  Radix, 
see  Aconitum. 

ACONITIA,  see  Aconitum  napellus. 

ACONITIN,  see  Aconitum  napellus. 

ACONITINE,  see  Aconitum  napellus. 

ACONITItIM,  see  Aconitum  napellus. 

ACONI'TUM,  from  Ac'one,  a  place  in  Bithy- 
nia,  where  it  is  common.  Cynnc'tonou,  Parda- 
lian'ches,  Pardalian'cham,  Oanici'da,  Ac'oiiite, 
Wolfsbane,  Uonkshood.  Ord.  Ranunculaceaj. 
Sex.   Si/st.    Polyandria  Trigynia. 

Aconitum,  Aconite,  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of 
the  United  States,  1842,  is  the  leaves  of  Aconi- 
tum napellus,  and  A.  paniculatum.  In  the  last 
edition,  1851,  Aconiti  folia  is  the  officinal  name 
for  the  leaves,  Aconiti  radix  for  that  of  the 
root. 

Aconi'tcm  An'thora,  a.  Salutif'erum  sen 
Nemoro' sum  seu  Candol'lei  seu  Jacquini  seu  Eu'lo- 
phum  seu  Anthoroideum,  An'thora  vulyn'ris,  An'- 
thora, Antith'ora,  Sal'utary  Jfonkshood,  Whole- 
some Wolfsbane,  Yellow  helmet  flower,  (¥.)  Aconit 
salutaire.  The  root  of  this  variety,  as  of  all  the 
rest,  is  poisonous.  It  is  used  as  a  cathartic  and 
anthelmintic.     Dose  ^ss  to  ^j- 

Aconitum  Anthokoideum,  A.  anthora. 

Aconi'tum  Cam'marum,  A.  pio'iicula'tum,  A. 
macran'thum,  A.  Kusnezo'vii,  (P.)  Aconit  d 
grands  feurs,  resembles  Aconitum  Napellus  in 
properties. 

Aconitum  Candollei,  A.  anthora — a.  Eulo- 
phum,  A.  anthora. 

Aconitum  Ferox,  a  most  violentranunculaceous 
poison,  which  grows  in  Nepaul,  and  is  the  Bish 
or  liikh  jwison  of  that  country.  Its  effects  are 
like  those  of  the  Aconitum  Nai)ellus. 

Aconitum  Jacquini,  A.  anthora — a.  Kusnezovii, 
A.  cammarum — a.  Macranthum,  A.  cammarum. 

Aconi'tum  Napel'lus,  Aconi'tum  Napel'lus 
verus.  Common  Jfonkshood  or  Wolfsbane,  A.  Nc- 
omonta'num,  (F.)  Chaperon  de  Maine.  The  leaves 
are  narcotic,  sudorific,  and  deobstruent  (?)  They 
have  been  used  in  chronic  rheumatism,  scrofula, 
scirrhus,  paralysis,  amaurosis,  etc.  The  active 
principle  is  called  Aconit'ia,  Aeonitl'na,  Aconi'tn, 
Aconit'ium  or  Aconitine.  A  form  for  its  prepara- 
tion is  contained  in  the  Ph.  U.  S.  (1851).  It  is 
made  by  treating  an  alcoholic  extract  of  the  root 
with  dilute  sidphuric  acid;  precipitating  hy  solu- 
tion of  ammonia;  dissolving  the  precipitate  in 
dilute  sulphuric  acid ;  treating  with  animal  char- 
coal; again  precipitating  with  solution  of  ammO'' 


ACONUSI 


30 


ACRID 


'»i('a/  wasliing  with  water,  and  drying-  It  re- 
quires 150  parts  of  cold  and  50  of  boiUng  water 
to  dissolve  it,  but  is  readily  dissolved  by  alcohol 
and  ether.  It  neutralizes  the  acids,  and  forms 
with  them  uncrystallizable  salts.  It  has  been 
used  internally,  and  especially  applied  exter- 
nally, in  neuralgic  eases,  iatraleptically  and  en- 
dermieally.     Dose  of  Aoonitum,  gr.  j.  to  gr.  iij. 

AcoNiTUM  Nkmouosum,  a.  anthora — a.  Neo- 
montanum,  A.  napellus — a.  Paniculatum,  A.  eam- 
niarum — a.  Kacemosum,  Actaja  spicata — a.  Salu- 
tiferum,  A.  anthora. 

AcoxiTtrii  U.ncina'tum,  Wild  Monkshood,  in- 
di;;euous,  is  said  to  have  similar  virtues  with 
Aconitura  napellus. 

ACONU'St,  Acoeii'om',  Acoon'om,  from  axon, 
'audition,'  and  vovaoi,  'disease.'  Morbi  au'riuui 
et  audi'tdg.     Diseases  of  the  ear  and  audition. 

ACOONOSI,  Aconusi. 

AC'OPIS.  Same  etymon  as  the  next.  Pliny 
gives  this  name  to  a  precious  stone,  which  was 
boiled  in  oil  and  used  against  weariness. 

AC'OPON,  from  a,  privative,  and/cojrof,  'weari- 
ness.' A  remedy  against  weariness — Foesius,  Gor- 
raeus,  (fee.  Ac'opum, — Celsus,  Pliny.  SeeAnagyris. 

ACOPIIIA,  Constipation. 

ACOPROSIS,  Constipation. 

ACOR  BENZOINUS,  Benjamin  — a.  Boraci- 
cus,  Boracic  acid — a.  Succineus,  Succinic  acid — 
ti..  Sulphuris,  Sulphuric  acid — a.  Tartaricus,  Tar- 
taric acid. 

ACORE  BATARD,  Iris  pseudacorus  —  a. 
Fitux,  Iris  pseudacorus  —  o,  Odorant,  Acorus 
calamus. 

ACORKS,  Acids,  and  Acidities. 

ACOR'IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  xopcta,  'I  sa- 
tiiite.'  An  inordinate  or  canine  appetite. — Hip- 
])oerates. 

ACORI'TES.  A  wine  madeof  Acorns.— Dios- 
corides. 

ACOR'MUS,  from  a,  privative,  and  Kopfxoi, 
'trunk.'     A  monster  devoid  of  a  trunk. — Gurlt. 

ACORN,  JUPITER'S,  Fagus  castanea  — a. 
Oily,  Ouilandina  moringa  —  a.  Sardinian,  Fagus 
castanea. 

ACORNS.     See  Quereus  alba. 

ACORUS  ADULTERINUS,  Iris  pseudacorus. 

Ac'oRUS  Cal'amus,  yl.  Vents  sen  Braziiien'sis, 
Cfd'nnnis  Aroiiifit'icus  seu  Odova'tus  sen  Viih/a'- 
ris,  Ti/i>!ni  Arnmot'ica,  Clava  liiiijo'sa,  Sweetflag 
or  Ac'oriis,  Fhigroot,  Sweet  cane,  3Iyrtle  Flag, 
Sweet  grass,  Sweet  root,  Sweet  rush.  (F.)  Joiic 
roseau  ou  Canne  aromatiqne,  Acore  odorant. 
Ord.  Aroideae  ;  Acoracea.  (Lindley.)  Se.v.  Si/st. 
Hexandria  Monogynia.  The  rhizoma — Cal'amus 
(Ph.  U.  S. — is  stomachic  and  carminative,  but  is 
rarely  used.  It  is  regarded  as  a  good  adjuvant 
to  bark  and  quinia  in  intermittents. 

AcoRus  Palostris,  Iris  pseudacorus — a.  Vul- 
garis, Iris  pseudacorus. 

ACOS.  Medicament. 

ACOS'MIA,  from  a,  privative,  and  kobjio?,  'or- 
der, ornament.'  Disorder,  irregularity  in  the 
critical  days,  according  to  Galen,  who  uses  the 
word  Koaiioi  for  regularity  in  those  days.  Others, 
and  particularly  Pollux,  call  bald  persons  aKoafioi, 
because  they  are  deprived  of  one  of  their  most 
beautiful  ornaments. 

ACOU'METER,  Aeouom'eter,  Acnem'eter,  Aco- 
em'etrnm,  Acu' meter,  Aciisim'eier,  (F.)  Acoiimitre, 
from  aicouta),  '  I  hear,'  and  iterfjov,  '  measure.'  An 
instrument  designed  by  M.  Itard  for  measuring 
the  degree  of  hearing. 

ACOUMETRE,  Acoumeter. 

ACOUOPHO'NIA,  Copho'nia;  from  okovo,, 
*I  hear,'  and  <p(i>vri,  'voice,'  "Ans'cultntort/  Per- 
eua'sion."    A  mode  of  auscultation,  in  which  the 


observer  places  his  ear  on  the  chest,  and  an.alyzes 
the  sound  produced   by  percussion. — Donne. 

ACOUS'MA,  an  imaginary  noise.  Depraved 
sense  of  hearing. 

ACOUS'TIC,  Aciis'ticus,  (F.)  Acoustique.  That 
which  belongs  to  the  ear;  as  Acoustic  nerve, 
Acoustic  trumpet. 

Acoustic  Medicine  is  one  used  in  diseased 
audition.  ^ 

ACOUSTICO-BfALLEEN,  Laxator  tympani. 

AcOUS'ticS,  Acus'tica.  (F.)  Acoustique.  The 
part  of  physics  which  treats  of  the  theory  of 
sounds.     It  is  also  called  Phonics. 

ACOUSTIQUE,  Acoustic,  Acoustics. 

ACQUA  BINELLI,  Aqua  Binellii  — a.  Broc- 
chieri.  Aqua  Brocchierii  —  a.  Monterossi,  Aqujt 
Binellii  —  a.  di  Napoli,  Liquor  arsenicalis  —  a. 
della  Toffana,  Liquor  arsenicalis. 

ACQUETTA,  Liquor  Arsenicalis. 

ACQUI,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
thermal  sulphureous  springs  are  in  Pi6draont. 
Their  temperature  is  167°  Fahr.,  and  they  con- 
tain sulphohydric  acid  and  chloride  of  sodium. 

ACQUIRED  DISEASES,  31orbi  acqui^'iti, 
31.  adventi'tii,  3f.  epicte'ti.  Adventitious  diseases. 
(F.)  3Inladies  acquises.  Diseases  which  occur 
after  birth,  and  which  are  not  dependent  upon 
hereditary  predisposition. 

ACRAI'PALA,  from  a,  privative,  and  Kpama^ri, 
'drunkenness.'  Remedies  against  the  effects  of 
a  debauch. — Gorraeus. 

ACRA'LEA,  from  an-pus,  'extremity.'  The  ex- 
treme parts  of  the  body,  as  the  head,  hands,  feet, 
nose,  ears,  <fec.  —  Hippocrates  and  Galen.  'See 
Acrea. 

ACRA'NIA,  from  a,  privative,  and  Kpaviov,  'the 
cranium.'     AVant  of  cr:inium,  whollj'  or  in  part. 

ACllA'SIA,  from  a,  privative,  or  'bad,'  and 
Kpaoii,  '  mixture.'  Intemperance.  Excess  of  any 
kind.     Surfeit. 

It  has  been  employed  to  denote  debility,  syno- 
nymously with  Acratia;  but  this  may  have  been 
a  typographical  inaccuracy. 

ACRATI'A,  from  a,  privative,  and  Koaros, 
'strength.'     Impotence;  weakness,  fainting. 

ACRATIS'MA,  from  a,  privative,  and  KSjiav- 
vvfit,  '  to  mix.'  A  breakfast,  consisting  of  bread 
steeped  in  wine,  not  mixed  with  water. — Galen, 
Athenffius. 

ACRATOM'ELI,  from  aKparov,  'pure  wine,' 
and  pcXi,  'honey.'     Wine  mixed  with  honey. 

ACRATOPE'GiE,  Alrat<ipe'ga>,  from  a,  priv.a- 
tive,  KpiiToi,  'strength,'  and  -nriYri,  'a  spring.' 
Mineral  waters  having  no  marked  chemical  qua- 
lities. 

ACRATOPOS'IA,  from  ncratum,  and  roan, 
'  drink.'    The  drinking  of  pure  or  unmixed  wine 

A'CRATUM,  aKparov,  from  a,  privative,  and 
Kparoi,  'strength.'  Unmixed  wine,  Acratum 
vinum,   Vinum  merum. 

ACRATURE'SIS,  from  acratia,  'weakness,' 
and  ovpijatg,  from  ovpov,  'urine,'  'the  act  of  dis- 
charging the  urine.'  Inability  to  void  the  urine, 
from  paralysis  of  the  bladder. 

ACRE.     The  extremity  or  tip  of  the  nose. 

A'CREA,  Acrote'ria,  from  oKpo;,  '  the  summit.' 
The  extreme  parts  of' the  body,  as  the  feet,  hands, 
ears,  <fee. 

Also  the  extreme  parts  of  animals  that  are  used 
as  food,  Acroco'lia. 

ACRID,  from  oKpo;,  'pointed,'  or  from  n/cif,  'a 
point,'  Acer.  An  epithet  for  substances  which 
occasion  a  disagreeable  sense  of  irritation  or  of 
constriction  at  the  top  of  the  throat. 

Acrid  heat,  (F.)  Choleur  &cre,\s  one  that  causes 
a  hot  tingling  sensation  at  the  extremities  of  the 
fingers. 

Acrid  Poisov,  See  Poison. 

AcuiDS,  in  Pathology,  are  certain  imaginary 


ACRIDOPIIAGI 


31 


ACT.EA   CIMICIFUGA 


substances,  supposed  by  the  humourists  to  exist 
in  the  humours,  and  to  cause  various  diseases. 
See  Acrimony. 

ACIllDOPH'AGI.from  aKpi(,aKpi&oi,  'alocust,' 
and  (payuy,  '  I  eat.'  LocuH-eaters.  Acridophagous 
tribes  are  said  to  exist  in  Africa. — Strabo. 

ACRIMONY,  Acu'ituB,  Acrimo'nin,  from  acer, 
'  acrid,'  aicij, '  a  point.'  Acrimony  of  the  humours. 
An  imaginary  acrid  change  of  the  blood,  lymph, 
Ac,  which,  by  the  humourists,  was  conceived  to 
cause  many  diseases. 

ACRIN'IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  xpivta,  'I 
separate.'  A  diminution  in  the  quantity,  or  a 
total  susipension,  of  the  secretions. 

ACRIiS,  a  sharp  bony  prominence.  Also,  the 
locust. 

ACRI'SIA,  Acri'aia,  from  a,  privative,  and 
Kptais,  'judgment.'  A  condition  of  disease,  in 
■which  no  judgment  can  be  formed  ;  or  in  which 
an  unfavourable  opinion  must  be  given. — Hipp, 
and  Galen. 

ACRISIS,  Acrisia. 

ACRIT'ICAL.  Ac'ritoK,  (F.)  Acritique,iTom  a, 
privative,  and  Kptais,  'judgment.'  That  which 
takes  place  without  any  crisis,  or  which  does  not 
foretell  a  crisis  ;  as  a  critical  symptom,  abscess,  <fec. 

ACRITOS,  Acritical. 

ACRIVIOLA,  Tropseolum  majus. 

ACROBYS'TIA,  u4cropo«'Mia, from aicpof,  'top,' 
and  (ivd),  '  I  cover.'  The  extremity  of  the  prepuce. 
— Hippocrates,  Rufus. 

ACROBYSTITIS,  Posthitis. 

ACROCHEIR',  Acrochir',  Acrocheir'on,  from 
oKpoi,  'extremity,'  and  x^^P>  '  ^^^  hand.'  The 
forearm  and  hand. — Gorrajus.     Also,  the  hand. 

ACROCHOR'DON,  from  aKpos,  'extremity,' 
and  X''f^'i'  '^  string.'  A  tumour  which  hangs  by 
a  pedicle.  A  kind  of  hard  wart,  Verru'ca  pens' - 
His. — Aetius,  Celsus. 

ACROCIIORlvS'MUS,  from  axpof,  'extremity,' 
and  xopcvui,  '  I  dance.'  A  kind  of  dance,  with 
the  ancients,  in  which  the  arms  and  legs  were 
violently  agitated. 

ACROCOLIA,  Acrea. 

ACROCOLIUM,  Acromion. 

ACROD'RYA,  from  a/cpoj,  'extremity,'  and 
ipvi,  '  a  tree.'  Autumnal  fruits,  as  nuts,  ap- 
ples, <fec. 

ACRODY'N'IA,  Eri/the'ma  acrod'ynum,  E. 
ocrodi/u'ia,  Ohiropodal' (jia,  (F.)  Acrodynle,  3fal 
dea  pieds  et  dcs  mains,  from  oKpos,  'extremity,' 
and  o&vvn,  '  pain.'  A  j)aiuful  aflFection  of  the 
wrists  and  ankles  especially,  which  appeared  in 
Paris  as  an  epidemic,  in  1828  and  1829.  It  was 
supposed  by  some  to  be  rheumatic,  by  others  to 
be  owing  to  spinal  irritation.  It  appears  to  have 
been  the  siinie  as  Dengue. 

ACROLENION,  Olecranon. 

ACROMASTIUM,  Nipple. 

ACROMIA,  Acromion. 

ACRO'MIAL,  Acromia'lis.  Relating  to  the 
Acromion. 

Acromial  Ar'terv,  External  Scap'vlar,  A. 
Arle'ria  Th(irac"ica  humern'lis,  Artere  troisieme 
des  Thornciques, —  (Ch.)  A.  Thoracique  hnme- 
rale,  arises  from  the  anterior  part  of  the  axillary 
artery,  opposite  the  upper  edge  of  the  pectoralis 
minor.  It  divides  into  two  branches  :  one, supe- 
rior •  the  other,  inferior, — the  branches  of  which 
are  distributed  to  the  subclavius,  serratus  major 
anticus,  first  intercostal,  deltoid,  and  pectoralis 
major  muscles,  as  well  as  to  the  shoulder  joint, 
&c.  They  anastomose  with  the  superior  scapular, 
thoracic,  ami  circumfiox  arteries. 

Acromial  N  k  r  v  e  s,  2\^ervi  acromin'les. 
Brandies  of  the  fourth  cervical  nerve,  which  are 
distributed  to  the  acromial  region. 


Acromial  Vein  has  the  same  arrangement  as 
the  artery. 

ACRO'MIO-CORACOrDEUS.  Belonging  to 
the  acromion  and  coracoid  process. 

The  triangular  ligament  between  the  acromion 
and  coracoid  process  of  the  scapula  is  so  called. 

ACRO'MION,  Acro'niiiiin,  Acro'mia,  Acro'mis, 
from  oKpoi,  '  the  top,'  and  w/ios,  '  the  shoulder.' 
Os  Acro'mii,  JJu'merua  suvimus,  Armi/s  si/z/i/inoi, 
3hicro  hu'meri,  liostrnm  porci'iium.  Caput  Scop'- 
ul<B,  Acroco'lium.  The  process  which  terminates 
the  spine  of  the  scapula,  and  is  articulated  with 
the  clavicle. 

ACROMIS,  Acromion. 

ACROMPHALIUM,  Acromphalon. 

A  C  R  0  M'P  H  A  L  0  N,  Acrompha'litim,  from 
oKpos,  'the  top,'  and  op^a)\oi,  'the  navel.'  Ttie 
extremity  of  the  umbilical  cord,  which  remains 
attached  to  the  foetus  after  birth. 

ACROMYLE.  Patella. 

ACRO-NARCOTIC,  See  Poison. 

A'CRONYX,  from  uKpos,  'the  summit,'  and 
ovuf,  'the  nail.'     Growing  in  of  the  nail. 

ACROPARAL'YSIS,  from  a/cuoj,  '  extremity,' 
and  jrapaAuCTij,  'palsy;'  ParaV  y  sis  extremita' turn, 
Palsy  of  the  extremities. — Fucbs. 

AGROPOSTHIA,  Acrobystia. 

ACROPOSTHITIS,  Posthitis. 

ACROPSI'LON,  from  aKpos,  '  extremity,' and 
ifiXos, '  naked.'    The  extremity  of  the  glans  penis. 

ACRORIA,  Vertex. 

ACRORRHEU'MA,  Rhenmatis'mns  extremitn'- 
tum,  from  uKpos,  '  extremity,'  a,nd  pcv/ia, '  defluxion, 
rheumatism.'     Rheumatism  of  the  extremities. 

ACROS,  axpoi,  'extremity,  top.'  The  strength 
of  the  Athletai,  and  of  diseases  ;  the  prominences 
of  bones;  the  extremities  of  the  lingers,  <tc.  See 
Acrocheir,  Acromion,  Ac. 

ACROSTICHUM  POLYPODIOIDES,  Poly- 
podiuin  incanum. 

ACROTERIA,  Acrea.     See  Extremity. 

ACROTERIASIS,  Acroteriasmus. 

AGROTERIAS'MUS,  Acroteri'asis,  from  fl«po- 
rripia,  '  the  extremities  ;'  hence  aKporrn)ia^iiv.  '  to 
mutilate.'     Amputation  of  the  extremities. 

ACROTHYM'ION,  from  aKpos,  'top.'  and 
■9-u^oi',  'thyme.'  A  kind  of  conical,  rugous,  bloody 
wart,  a  "  moist  wart,"  compared  by  Celsus  to  the 
flower  of  thyme. 

ACROT'ICA,  from  axpos,  'summit.'  Diseases 
affecting  the  excernent  functions  of  the  external 
surface  of  the  body. 

Pravity  of  the  liuids  or  emunctories  that  open 
on  the  external  surface  ;  without  fever  or  other 
internal  affection  as  a  necessary  accompaniment. 

The  3d  order  of  the  class  Eccrit'ica  of  Good. 

ACROTISMUS,  Asphyxia. 

ACT,  Actus,  from  actum,  past  participle  of 
agere,  '  to  do,'  'a  thing  done.'  The  effective  ex- 
ercise of  a  power  or  faculty.  The  action  of  an 
agent.  Acte  is  used  by  the  French,  to  signify 
the  public  discussion,  which  occurs  in  supporting 
a  thesis; — thus,  souton'r  tin  Acte  mix  Eroles  de 
Medecine,  is,  'to  defend  a  Thesis  in  the  Schools 
of  Medicine.' 

ACTA,  Gesta. 

ACTiEA  CIMICIFUGA,  A.  racemosn. 

Act^'a  Racemo'sa,  a.  Cimici/'iiya,  Cimicif- 
uqa  racemo'sa.  Macro' try s  racemo'sa,  Bot'rophia 
Serpentn' ria  (.?),  Serpenta'ria  nigra,  Black  snake- 
root,  liichweed,  Cohosh,  Squaw  root,  Jiattleweed, 
Black  Cohosh.  (F.)  Actee  it  grappes,  Scrpentaire 
noire.  Ord.  Ranunculaceas.  Sex.  Si/st.  Polyan- 
dria  Pentagynia.  A  common  plant  in  the  United 
Statep.  The  root,  Cimicif 'tiga  (Ph.  U.  S.),  is  as- 
tringent; and,  according  to  Barton,  has  been 
successfully  used,  in  the  form  of  a  decoction,  as 
a  gargle  in  putrid  sore  throat.  A  decoction  of 
the  root  cures  the  itch.     It  is  acro-narcotic,  and 


ACTE 


82 


ADDUCENS  OCULI 


tas  been  used  in  rheumatism,  acute  and  chronic ; 
chorea,  <fcc. 

Act.«'a  Spica'ta,  Christophoria'na  sptca'ta, 
Aconi'tuni  racemo'sum,  Bnneberry,  Herb  Chria'- 
topher.  (F.)  Herbe  St.  Christojthe.  A  perennial 
herbaceous  European  plant,  the  root  of  which 
resembles  that  of  the  black  hellebore.  The  root 
is  cathartic,  and  sometimes  emetic,  and  in  over- 
doses may  produce  dangerous  consequences. 

ActcB'a  Americn'na,  of  which  there  are  two 
varieties,  A.  alba  and  A.  rubra, — white  and  red 
cohosh, — is  indigenous  in  the  United  States.  It 
has  the  same  properties  as  A.  spicata. 

ACTE,  Sambucus. 

ACTE^,  Act. 

ACTEE  d  GRAPPES,  Actaea  racemosa. 

ACriF,  Active. 

ACTIO,  Action,  Function. 

ACTION,  Ac'tio,  Opcra'tio,  Energi' a.  Praxis  : 
from  agere,  actum,  '  to  act.'  Mode  in  which  one 
object  influences  another. 

The  animal  actions  are  those  that  occur  in  the 
animal  body :  the  vital,  those  that  are  essential 
to  life  :  the  physiological,  those  of  a  healthy  cha- 
racter :  the  pathological  or  morbid,  those  that 
occur  in  disease,  &e.  The  ancients  divided  the 
physiological  actions  into  vital,  animal,  natural, 
sexual,  particular,  general,  &c.     See  Function. 

ACTIONES  NATURALES,  see  Function. 

ACTIVE,  same  etymon.  Bras' ticus,  Aeti'vus, 
Sthen'icus,  Hypersthen'icus.  (F.)  Actif.  This 
adjective  is  used,  in  Pathology,  to  convey  the  idea 
of  superabundant  energy  or  strength.  Active 
symptoms,  e.g.  are  those  of  excitement.  In  The- 
rapeutics, it  signifies  energetic : — as,  an  active 
treatment.  The  French  use  the  expression  Me- 
decine  agissante,  in  contradistinction  to  Medecine 
expectanfe.  In  Physiology,  active  has  a  similar 
signification,  many  of  the  functions  being  divided 
into  active  and  passive. 

ACTON.  A  village  near  London,  at  which 
there  is  a  purgative  mineral  spring,  like  that  at 
Epsom. 

ACTUAL.  Same  etymon  as  active.  That 
which  acts  immediately.  A  term  usually  re- 
stricted to  the  red-hot  iron,  or  to  heat  in  any 
form;  in  contradistinction  to  the 2iotential  or  vir- 
tual, which  is  applied  to  caustics  or  escharoties. 

ACTUA'RIUS.  Originally  a  title  of  dignity 
given  to  the  Byzantine  physicians. 

ACTUS  PARTURITIONIS,  Parturition. 

ACUITAS,  Acrimony. 

ACULEUS  LIGNEUS,  Splinter. 

ACUMETER,  Acoumeter. 

A'CUPUNCTURE,  Acupunctu'ra,  Acupuncta'- 
tion,  Actipunctura'tion,  from  acus,  '  a  needle,'  and 
punctura,  a  puncture,'  A  surgical  operation, 
much  in  use  amongst  the  Chinese  and  Japanese, 
which  consists  in  puncturing  p^rts  with  a  very 
fine  needle.  It  has  been  employed,  of  late  years, 
in  obstinate  rheumatic  affections,  <fec.,  and  appa- 
rently with  success.  Acupuncture  is  likewise  a 
mode  of  infanticide  in  some  countries  ;  the  needle 
being  forced  into  the  brain  through  the  fonta- 
nelles,  or  into  the  spinal  marrow,  ic. 

ACURGIA,  Surgery  (operative). 

ACUS,  Needle — a.  Capitati),,  Pin — a.  Invagi- 
nata,  see  Needle — a.  Ophthalmica,  see  Needle — 
a.  Paracentica,  Trocar — a.  Paracentetica,  Trocar 
—  a.  Triquetra  vulgaris,  Trocar — a.  Veneris, 
Eryngium  campestre. 

ACUSIMETER,  Acoumeter. 

ACUSIS,  Audition. 

ACUSTICA,  Acoustics. 

ACUSTICUS,  Auditory. 

ACUTE,  Acu'tus,  Oxys,  o^vg,  (nKis,  *a  point.') 
(F.)  Aigu.  A  disease  which,  with  a  certain  de- 
gree of  severity,  has  a  rapid  progress,  and  short 


duration,  is  said    to   be    "  acute."— Oxynose'ma, 
O.ryn'osos,  0.ri/nu'sos. 

Diseases  we're  formerly  subdivided  into  Moibi 
aautis'simi,  very  acute,  or  those  which  liist  only 
three  or  four  days:  M.  subaculis'simi,  which  con- 
tinue seven  days :  and  M.  subacu'ti,  or  those 
which  last  from  twenty  to  forty  days. 

The  antithesis  to  acute  is  chronic.  Acute,  when 
applied  to  pain,  sound,  cries,  &c.,  means  sharp. 

ACUTENACULUM,  Porte-aiguille. 

ACYANOBLEP'SIA,  from  o,  privative,  Kvavoi. 
'blue,'  and  ffXcnio,  'I  see.'  Defective  visiim, 
which  consists  in  incapability  of  distinguishing 
blue. — Gijthe.     See  Achromatopsia. 

ACYESIS,  Sterilitas. 

ACYRUS,  Arnica  montana. 

ACYSTINERVIA,  Cystoparalysis. 

ACYSTURONERVIA,  Cystoparalysis. 

ACYSTUROTROPHIA,  Cystatrophia. 

ACYTERIUS,  Abortive. 

ADACA.  The  Sphasran'thus  In'dicus,  a  Mala- 
bar plant,  which  is  acrid  and  aromatic. 

ADAC'RYA,  from  a,  privative,  and  iaKpvia,  'I 
weep.'     Defective  secretion  of  tears. 

ADiEMONIA,  Anxiety. 

ADAKO'DIEN.  A  Malabar  plant  of  the  fa- 
mily Apocynea3,  used  in  that  country  in  diseases 
of  the  eyes. 

AD'ALI,  Lip'pin.  A  Malabar  plant,  which 
the  Orientals  regard  as  an  antidote  to  the  bite  of 
the  naja. 

ADAMANTINE  SUBSTANCE,  Enamel  of 
the  teeth. 

ADAMAS,  Diamond. 

ADAMI'TA,  Adami'tum.  A  very  hard,  white 
calculus. — Paracelsus. 

The  first  word  has  been  used  for  stone  in  the 
bladder :  the  second  for  lithiasis  or  the  calculous 
condition. 

ADAM'S  APPLE,  Pomum  Adami. 

ADANSONIA  DIGITATA,  Baobab. 

ADAPTER,  from  ad  and  ajito,  '  I  fit.'  A  tube 
employed  in  pharmaceutical  operations  for  length- 
ening the  neck  of  a  retort;  or  in  cases  where  the 
opening  of  the  receiver  is  not  large  enough  to 
admit  the  beak  of  the  retort. 

ADAR'CE,  Adar'cion,  Adar'cis.  A  concretion 
found  about  the  reeds  and  grass  in  theinarshy 
regions  of  Galatia,  and  hiding  them,  as  it  were: 
hence  the  name,  from  a  privative,  and  ^tpicw,  '  I 
see.'  It  was  formerly  in  repute  for  cleansing  the 
skin  from  freckles,  &c. 

ADARIGO,  Orpiment. 

ADARNECH,  Orpiment. 

ADARTICULATIO,  Arthrodia. 

AD  CUTEM  ABDOM'INIS  (ARTERIA).  The 
superficial  artery  of  the  abdomen, — a  branch  of  the 
crural  or  femoral,  which  arises  at  the  lower  part 
of  Poupart's  ligament,  and  ascends  towards  the 
umbilicus,  being  distributed  to  the  integuments. 

ADDAD.  A  Numidian  plant;  bitter  and  poi- 
sonous. 

ADDEPIIAG"IA,  Adephng"ia,  from  aiinv, 
'much,'  and  ipayctv,  'to  eat.'  Voraciousness. 
Galen  and  Hott'mann  have  given  this  name  to 
voracious  appetite  in  children  affected  with 
worms.  Sauvages  refers  it  to  Bulimia.  Also, 
the  goddess  of  gluttony. 

ADDER'S  TONGUE,  Ophioglossum  vulgatum. 

ADDISON.  DISEASE  OF,  see  Capsule,  renal. 

ADDITAMEN'TUM.  A  term  once  used  sy- 
nonymously with  Epiphysis.  It  is  now  restricted 
to  the  prolongation  of  two  cranial  sutures,  the 
lambdoidal  and  squamous. 

Additame.ntum  CoLi,  Appendix  vermiformis 
c»ci— a.  Neoatum,  Olecranon — .a.  ad  Sacro-lum- 
balem,  see  Sacro-lumbalis  —  a.  Uncatum  ulnse, 
Olecranon — a.  Uliiie,  Radius. 

ADDUCENS  OCULI,  Rectus  internus  oculi. 


ADDUCTEUR  DE  L'CEIL 


33 


ADENONCOSIS 


ADDUOTEUR  DE  VCEIL,  Rectus  inter- 
nus  ocuU — n.  du  Gros  orteil,  Adductor  poUicis 
pedis — a.  Premier  ou  moi/en,  Adductor  longus 
femoris — a.  du  Pouce,  Adductor  poHicis  manQs 
— n.  Second  ou  petit,  Adductor  brevis — a.  Troi- 
eieinc  ou  grand.  Adductor  tnagnus. 

ADDUCTION,  Adduc'tio,  from  ad,  'to,'  and 
ducere,  '  to  draw.'  Paragu'ge.  The  action  by 
which  parts  are  drawn  towards  the  axis  of  the 
body. 

The  muscles  which  execute  this  function  are 
called  Addiic'tors. 

ADDUCTOR  MEDII  DIGITI  PEDIS,  Pos- 
teriar  niedii  digiti  pedis — a.  Oculi,  Rectus  inter- 
ims oculi. 

Adduc'tor  Metacar'pi  min'imi  Dig"itt,  Me- 
tac'tr'peuK,  Gnr' po-metacar'peua  min'imi  di<j"iti, 
is  situate  between  the  adductor  and  flexor,  next 
to  the  metacarpal  bone.  It  arises,  fleshy,  from 
the  unciform  process  of  the  os  unciforme,  and 
from  the  contiguous  part  of  the  annular  ligament 
of  the  wrist,  and  is  inserted,  tendinous  and  fleshy, 
into  the  fore-part  of  the  metacarpal  bone  of  the 
little  finger,  from  its  ba?e  to  its  head. 

Adduc'tou  Pol'licis  Manus,  A.  Pol'lids,  A. 
ad  min'imum  dig"itum,  Metncar' j)o-phalan' ycus 
pol'licis — (Ch.)  (F.)  Adducteur  da  pouce.  A 
muscle  which  arises,  fleshy,  from  almost  the 
whole  length  of  the  metacarpal  bone  of  the  mid- 
dle finger,  and  is  inserted  into  the  inner  part  of 
the  root  of  the  first  bone  of  the  thumb. 

Adduc'tor  Pol'licis  Pedis,  Antith'enar,  Me- 
tatar'so-subphalan'geus  pollicis. — (Ch.)  Ttxrso- 
metatarsi-phalnngien  du  ponce.  (F.)  Adducteur 
du  gros  orteil.  Arises  by  a  long,  thin  tendon, 
from  the  under  part  of  the  os  calcis,  from  the  os 
cuboides,  os  cuneiforme  externum,  and  from  the 
root  of  the  metatarsal  bone  of  the  second  toe.  It 
is  divided  into  two  fleshy  portions,  and  is  inserted 
into  the  external  sesamoid  bone,  and  root  of  the 
metatarsal  bone  of  the  great  toe. 

Bichat  has  given  the  general  name,  Adduc'- 
tors,  to  those  of  the  interosseous  muscles  of  the 
hand  or  foot,  which  perform  the  action  of  ad- 
duction. 

Adductor  Tertii  Digiti  Pedis,  Prior  tertii 
digiti  pedis. 

Adductors  of  the  thigh.  These  are  three 
in  number,  which  have,  by  some  anatomists,  been 
united  into  one  muscle — the  Triceps  Adduc'tor 
Fem'oris. 

1.  Adduc'tor  longus  fern' oris,  Adduc'tor  fem'- 
oris  primus,  Triceps  minor,  Pu' bio-femora' lis — 
(Ch.)  (F.)  Premier  ou  moi/en  adducteur.  Arises 
by  a  strong  tendon  from  the  upper  and  fore  part 
of  the  OS  pubis  and  ligament  of  the  symphysis, 
at  the  inner  side  of  the  pectinalis.  It  runs  down- 
wards and  outwards,  and  is  inserted  by  a  broad, 
flat  tendon,  into  the  middle  of  the  linea  aspera. 

2.  Adduc'tor  brevis,  A.  fem'oris  secun'dus, 
Triceps  secun'dna,  Sub-pubio-femora'fis  —  (Ch.) 
(F.)  Second  ou  petit  Adducteur.  Arises  tendi- 
nous from  the  os  pubis,  at  the  side  of  its  sym- 
physis, below  and  behind  the  last  muscle.  It 
runs  obliquely  outwards,  and  is  inserted  by  a 
short,  flat  tendon  into  the  inner  and  upper  part 
of  the  linea  aspera,  from  a  little  below  the  tro- 
chanter minor  to  the  beginning  of  the  insertion 
of  the  adductor  longus. 

3.  Adduc'tor  magnns,  Adduc'tor  fem'oris  ter'- 
tius  et  (juartus,  Triceps  magnus,  h'chio-femora'- 
lig — (Ch.)  (F.)  Troisieme  ou  grand  adducteur,  is 
much  larger  than  either  of  the  others.  It  arises 
from  the  ramus  of  the  pubis,  from  that  of  the 
ischium,  and  from  the  tuber  ischii,  and  is  inserted 
into  the  whole  length  of  the  linea  aspera.  Near 
the  lower  part  of  the  linea  aspera  it  is  pierced 
by  a  kind  of  oblique,  fibrous  canal,  through  which 
the  crural  artery  and  vein  pass. 

3 


ADEC.     The  inner  man. — Paracelsus. 

ADECTA,  Sedatives. 
ADELIPARIA,  Polysarcia. 

ADELODAGAM.  A  bitter  Malabar  plant, 
used  in  asthma,  catarrh,  and  gout. 

ADELPHIA,  see  Adelphixia. 

ADELPIIIX'IA,   Adeljthix'is ;   from    oM^oj, 
'brother.'     Consanguinity  of  parts  in  health  or 
disease;    Frater'nitas,    Fratra'tio.     Hippocrates 
used   the  word  Adel'pihia   for  diseases   that  re- ' 
semble  each  other. 

ADELPHIXIS,  Sympathy. 

ADEMONIA,  Depres.-ion,  Nostalgia. 

ADEMOSYNE,  Depression,  Nostalgia. 

ADEN,  aiqv,  'a  gland;'  hence  Adenalgia, 
Adeniform,  <fec. — see  Gland. 

ADENAL'GIA,  Adenodyn'ia,  from  airiv,  'a 
gland,'  and  aXyus,  '  pain.'     Glandular  jiain. 

ADENECTOP'IA,  from  ainv,  'a  gland,'  and 
CKTUJTOi,  '  removed  from  its  place.'  Dislocation 
of  a  gland. 

ADENEMPHRAX'IS,  from  ainv,  'a  gland.' 
and  tfKppa^ii,  '  obstruction.'  Glandular  obstruc- 
tion. 

ADENIES,  Adenopathies  angibromiques.  Dis- 
eases of  the  glands  connected  wirh  the  digestive 
tube. — Piorry. 

ADEN'IFORM,  Adeniform' is,  A denoi'des, 
Ad'enoid,  from  Aden,  'a  gland,'  and  Fortim, 
'  form  or  resemblance.'  Glan'diform,  or  resem- 
bling a  gland. 

ADENITE,  Adenitis — a.  Lymphatique,  Lym- 
phadenitis. 

ADENI'TIS,  from  aSrjv,  'a  gland,'  and  itis,  a 
termination  denoting  inflammation.  l'lilcgmn'>siii 
ade7io'sa  seu  glnndul'j'sa.  (F.)  Adenite.  Glandu- 
lar inflammation. 

Adenitis  Lyjiphatica,  Lymphadenitis. 

Adeni'tiS  Mesentkr'ica,  Ulesenter'ic  Gnngli- 
oni'tis.     Inflammation  of  the  mesenteric  glands. 

Adenitis  Palpebrarum  Contagiosa,  see  Oph- 
thalmia. 

ADENOCE'LE,  from  ai?iy,  'a  gland,'  and  «»;>;?, 
'a  rupture,'  'a  tumour.'  Under  this  term  Mr. 
Birlvett  includes  tumours  of  the  mamm;v, 
which  contain  structures  similar  to,  if  not  identi- 
cal with,  the  normal  secreting  tissue  of  the  gland, 
and  more  especially  the  cysto-sarcoma,  and 
chronic  mammary  tumours  of  surgical  authors. 

ADEN0CHIRAPS0L0G"IA,  from  ait)v,  'a 
gland,'  X'-^P'  '  '^^  hand,'  otttw,  '  I  lay  hold  of,'  and 
Xoyos,  'a  description.'  The  doctrine  of  curing 
scrofula  or  the  king's  evil  by  the  royal  touch. 

ADENOCHON'DRIUS,  from  air/v,  'a.  gland,' 
and  pfoi'^pos,  'a  cartilage.'  Relating  to  gland  and 
cartilage,  —  for  example,  Arthrophi/'mn  adcno- 
chon'drium,  a  tumefaction  of  the  glands  and  Chr- 
tilages  of  joints. 

ADENODERMIES  SYPHILITIQVES,  A. 
symphyosiques,  from  airiv,  '  a  gland.'  and  Sipfto, 
'  skin.'  Syphilitic  affections  of  the  glands  of  the 
skin. 

ADENODYNIA,  Adenalgia. 

ADENOG'RAPHY^,  Adenogra'pTiin,  from  a^r]v, 
'  a  gland,'  and  ypaipu,  '  I  describe.'  That  part  of 
anatomy  which  describes  the  glands. 

ADENOID.  Adeniform. 

ADENOIDES,  Adeniform. 

ADENOL'OGY',  Adenolog^ia,  from  airjv,  'a 
gland,'  and  \oyos,  'a  description.'  A  treatise  on 
the  glands. 

ADENOMALA'CIA.  from  a^v,  'a  gland,' and 
paXaKia,  'softening.'  Mo-llescence  or  softening 
of  a  gland. 

ADENO-MENINGEAL,  see  Fever,  adeno- 
meninceal. 

ADENONCOSIS,  Adenophyma. 


ADENONCUS 


3  4 


ADirOCIRE 


ADENONCUS,  Adenopbyraa. 
ADENO-NERVOUS  FEVER,  Plague. 
ADENOPATHIES     ANGIUROMIQVES, 

A  rlfii  irn. 

ADE'NO-PHARYN'GEUS,  from  ainv, '  a 
gland,'  and  <piipvy^,  (p/tpvyyos,  'the  pharynx.' 
Some  fleshy  fibres,  which  pass  from  the  con- 
strictor pharyngis  inferior  to  the  thyroid  gland, 
have  received  this  name.  Their  existence  is  not 
constant. 

ADE'NO-PHARYNGI'TIS.  Same  etymon. 
Inflammation  of  the  tonsils  and  pharynx. 

ADENOPIITHALMIA,  Ophthalmia  tarsi. 

ADEXOPHY'MA,  Adennu'cKs,  Adenonco'sis, 
from  aS>iv,  '  a  gland,'  and  0u^u,  '  a  swelling. 
Swelling  of  a  gland,  or  glandiform  ganglion. 
(F.)  (Jla)idn(je.  Adeiiophyma  is  used  by  some  to 
signify  a  soft  glandular  swelling; — Adenoncus, 
one  of  a  harder  character. — Kraus. 

Ademopuvma  Inguinalis.     Bubo. 

ADENOSCIR'RIIUS,  Adenosdero'sis,  from 
a?riv,  'a  gland,'  and  axippoi,  'induration.'  Scir- 
rhous induration  of  a  gland. 

ADENOSCLEROSIS,  Adenoscirrhus. 

ADENOSIS  SCROPHULOSA,  Scrofula. 

ADKNO'SUS,  (A6«ef«'«i(8).  A  hard,  glandular 
abscess,  which  suppurates  slowly. — M.  A.  Seve- 
rinus. 

ADENOSYNCHITONITIS,  Ophthalmia  Neo- 
natorum. 

ADENOT'OMY',  Adenotom'ia,  from  aSriv,  'a 
gland,'  and  Ttyivui,  'I  cut.'  Dissection  of  the 
glands. 

ADEPHAGIA,  Addephagia,  Boulimia. 

ADEPS.  genitive  Adipia,  Adeps  Stii'l/u.i,0r7/n'- 
ginm,  Phigiie'do,  Lar'idum,  Lardiim,  Lnrd. 
(Prov.)  Moit,  Stdlia,  Swiiiemime.  Pig's  flare. 
The  fat  of  the  hog.  In  the  Ph.  U.  S.i  the  pre- 
pared fat  of  »SV»  scrofa,  free  from  saline  matter. 

Adeps  Anseri'nus,  Adeps  aii'seris  or  Goose 
(jietisc,  (F.)  GraiHse  d'Oie,  is  emollient.  It  has 
been  used  as  an  emetic. 

Adkps  Cantharidibus  Medicatus,  Unguen- 
tuin  lyttiB  medicatum —  a.  Cortice  Daphnes  gnidii 
medicatus,  Unguentum  epispasticum  de  Daphne 
gnidio — a.  Humanus,  Liquamuinia — a.  Hydrar- 
gyro  meilicatus,  Unguentum  Hydrargyri — a.  ex 
Hydrargyro  mitius  dictum  cinereum,  Unguentum 
oxidi  hydrargyri  cinereum — a.  Hydrargyri  muri- 
ate oxygenate  medicatus,  Unguentum  inuriatis 
liydrnrgyri  oxygenati  medicatum — a.  Hydrargyri 
nitrate  medicatus,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitratis 
— a.  Hydrargyri  oxido  rubro  et  pluinbi  acetate 
medicatus,  Unguentum  ophthalmicum — a.  Lauro 
medicatus,  Unguentum  laurinum  —  a.  Myristicas, 
see  Myristica  —  a.  Ovilli,  Sevum — a.  Papavere, 
liyoscyaino,  et  belladonna  medicatus,  Unguentum 
populeum. 

Adeps  Pr^para'tus,  A.  SuiUna  ProBpnrn'his, 
Hog's  lard,  Bdrrtnc's  grease,  Lnrd,  Ax'nnge, 
A.rnn'gio,  Axun'gia  pnrci'na,  (F.)  Graisse  de 
Pore,  Sniudoux,  Axonge.  is  prepared  by  melting 
pig's  flare,  and  straining  it.  This  is  called  ren- 
dcriuf)  the  lard.  Lard  is  emollient,  but  is  chiefly 
used  for  forming  ointments  and  plasters. 

Adeps  Suillus  Pr^bparatus,  Adeps  Praepa- 
ratus — a.  Sulfure  et  ainmoniae  mtiriate  medicatus, 
Unguentum  sulphuratum  ad  scabiem — a.  Sulfure 
et  carbonate  potasss  medicatus,  Unguentum 
sulphuratum  alcalinum  ad  scabiem  —  a.  Tartaro 
stibii  medicatus,  Unguentum  antimonii  tartarizati 
—  a.  Oxido  zinci  medicatus,  Unguentum  oxidi 
zinci  impurL 

ADEPT,  Alchvraist. 

ADEP'TA    MEDICI'NA.      Medicine,    which 
treated  of  diseases  contracted  b}'  celestial  opera- 
ti')ns,  or  eoraraunicated  from  heaven. 
Adepta  PaiLosopuiA,  Alchymy. 


ADERMONERVIA,  Dermatancurin. 

ADERMOTROPH'IA,  from  n,  pnv.,  Stpfia, 
'skin,'  and  Tpo<pr,,  'nourishment.'  Extenuation 
or  atrophy  of  the  skin. 

ADFLATUS,  Afflatus. 

ADILERENTIA,  Adherence. 

ADH/ESIO,  Adherence.      ,^       ,  ,        _      „ 

ADll  ATO'B A,  Ji'stic"ia  ndhnto'dn.  Itic  il/o. 
lalmr  A,it  Tree.  (F.)  Noyer  de  Ceylon  Used 
in  India  for  expelling  the  dead  foetus  in  abortion. 
The  word  is  said  to  convey  this  meaning  in  the 
Cevlonese.  ,  ■      ,i 

ADHE'RENCE,  Adhe'sion,  AdhcBren  tin,  ton- 
cre'tio,  Atre'aia,  Pros'physis,  Proseol/e'sis,  Ad. 
hcB'sio,  from  ndhcBrere,  (ad  and  hcBrere,)  '  to  stick 
to.'  These  words  are  usually  employed  synonym- 
ously. The  French  often  use  adherence  for  the 
state  of  union,  and  adhesion  for  the  act  of  ad- 
hering. 

ADHESION,  Adherence. 

ADHE'SIVE  INFLAMMA'TION  is  that  in- 
flammation which  terminates  by  an  adhesion 
between  inflamed  and  separated  surfaces,  and 
which  was,  at  one  time,  supposed  to  be  necessary 
for  such  adiiesion. 

Adhe'sive  is  also  an  epithet  for  certain  plasters 
which  stick  closely  to  the  skin. 

ADIANTUUM,  Adiantum. 

ADIANTUM,  A.  pedatum. 

Adiantum  ^thiop'icum.  A  South  African 
plant,  Ord.  Filices,  an  infusion  of  which  is  some- 
times used  as  an  emollient  in  coughs,  and  iu 
diseases  of  the  chest. 

Adiantum  Album,  Asplenium  rata  muraria  — 
a.  Aureum,  Polytrichum. 

Adian'tum  Capil'lus  Ven'eris,  A.  Coriandri- 
fo'lium  seu  Nigrum,  Capil'lus  Ven'eris,  from  a, 
privative,  and  iiaivia,  '  to  grow  wet,'  from  the 
leaves  not  being  easily  moistened.  Ilaiden  hair. 
(P.)  CapiUnire  de  Ifontpellier.  A  European 
plant,  of  feeble,  aromatic  and  demulcent  pro- 
perties. It  is  used  for  forming  the  Sirop  de  Ca- 
pillaire  or  Capillaire. 

Adia.ntum  Coriandrifolium,  A.  Capillus  Ve- 
neris— a.  Nigrum,  A.  Capillus  Veneris. 

Adian'tum  Peda'tum,  A.  Canadeu'se  seu  Pn- 
tens,  Adiantum,  Capil'lus  Ven'eris  Canadeii'iit, 
Herba  Ven'eris,  Filix  Ven'eris.  Canada  M(tiden- 
hair,  American  Maidenhair,  Roclcfern,  SwectJ'eni, 
(F.)  Capillaire  du  Canada,  has  the  same  proper- 
ties. Capillaire  was  once  made  from  this.  Seo 
Adiantum. 

Adiantum  RnBRUM,Asplenium  tricbomanoides. 

ADIAPHANIE  PERICHRYSAL  TIQUE, 
see  Cataract. 

ADIAPHORO'SIS,  Adinphore'sis,  from  a.  pri- 
vative, (5(u,  'through,' and  (popos,  'a  pore.'  Dol'i'ct 
or  suppression  of  perspiration,  Adiapneus'lia. 

ADIAPH'OROUS,  Adiaph'orus,  ludiff'erw, 
Neutral.  A  medicine  which  will  neither  do  harm 
nor  good. 

ADIAPNEUSTIA,  Adiaphorosis. 

ADIARRHffi'A,  from  a,  privative,  and  iiap- 
puv,  '  to  flow.'  Retention  of  any  excretion.— 
Hippocrates. 

ADIATH'ESIC,  Adiathes'icus,  from  a,  priva- 
tive, and  iia^taii,  'diathesis.'     In  the  system  of 
controstimulism,  adialhesic  diseases  are  such  as 
occur  without  any  antecedent  diathesis. 
ADICE.  Urtiea. 
ADIPATUS,  Fatty. 
AUIPEUX.  Adipose. 

ADIPOCERA,  Adipocire  —  o..  Cetosa,  Ccta- 
ceum. 

ADIPOCritE,  Adipoce'ra,  from  adeps,  'fat,' 
and  cera,  'wax.'  The  ba.se  of  biliary  calculi, 
called  also  Chol'esleriue.  Also,  a  sort  of  soap, 
formed  from  animal  matter  under  certain  circum- 


ADIPOCIRE  DE  BALEINE      3. 


.ED(EOGARGARISMUS 


Ftances.  (P.)  Grnt  den  Cndavres,  Grn»  des  Oime- 
tiirea.  The  human  body,  when  it  has  been  for 
some  weeks  in  water,  assumes  this  appearance; 
ivnd  It  has  been  a  subject  of  legal  inquiry,  what 
length  of  time  is  necessary  to  produce  it.  This 
must,  of  course,  depend  upon  various  circum- 
stances, as  climate,  season,  &c. 

^OfPOC/RE  BE  BALEINE,  Cetaceum. 

Ap'IPOSE.  Ad'ipoiis,  A'JIpo'siis,  from  adeps, 
fat.'  {¥.)  Adipeiijr.  That  which  relates  to  fat- 
as  Adipose  membrane,  A.  vessels,  &c.     See  Fatty. 

Au'iPosE  Satico'ma  of  A-a'EHNF.THY,  Emphy'ma 
sdi-co'ina  adipo'sitm,  is  suetty  throughout,  and 
enclosed  in  a  thin  capsule  of  condensed  areolar 
substance,  connected  by  means  of  minute  vessels. 
It  is  chiefly  found  on  the  fore  and  back  parts  of 
the  trunk.     See  Sarcoma. 

ADIPOSIS.     See  Polysarcia. 

Anipo'sis  Hepat'ica,  Pimelo'sis  seu  steafo'sis 
scu  iiKiliix'is  hepat'ica,  Hepnr  adipo'sum,  Fatty 
lirer.  Fatty  defeneration  of  the  lirer,  (P.)  Deye- 
n6resceiice  graisseuse  du  Foie.  Patty  disease  of 
the  liver. 

ADIPOSUS,  Fatty. 

ADIPOUS,  Fatty. 

ADIP'SIA,  Dipso'sis  expers.  Absence  of  thirst. 

ADIP'SON,  Adip'sum,  from  a,  privative,  and 
5i\la,  'thirst.'  Any  substance  wiiich  relieves 
thirst.  Applied  to  a  decoction  of  barley  to  which 
o.xymel  was  added. — Hippocrates. 

ADIPSOS,  Glycyrrhiza. 

AD'ITUS,  'an  entrance,'  'an  approach  ;'  from 
adere,  aditum,  'to  go  to.'  Pros' odos.  The  en- 
trance to  a  canal  or  duct,  as  Aditus  ad  Aquaeduc- 
ttiin  Fallopii. 

AniTus  An  Infundibulum,  Vulva. 

ADIULIS'TOS,  from  a,  privative,  and  Siv\i^<i), 
'  I  strain.'  Unstrained  wine  for  pharmaceutical 
purposes. — Gorrseus. 

ADJUNCTUM,  Accompaniment. 

AUJUTOR  PARTCS,  Accoucheur. 

AD'JUVANT,  Ad'Jtivnns,  from  adjuvare,  'to 
aid.'  A  medicine,  introduced  into  a  prescription 
to  aid  the  operation  of  the  principal  ingredient 
or  basis.  Also,  whatever  assists  in  the  removal 
or  prevention  of  disease. 

Al)3flNICULE,  Adniinic'ulum,  (ad  and  ma- 
1IIIS,  -a.  hand').  A  prop,  a  support.  Anything 
that  aids  the  action  of  a  remedy. 

ADNASCENTIA,  Prosphysis. 

ADNy^TA  (TUNICA,)  Conjunctiva. 

ADNEE  {MEMDRAXE,)  Conjunctiva. 

ADOLES'CENCE,  Adoleecen'tia,  Juven'ta,  Ju- 
ven'tas,  Jiiven'tus,  ^Etas  bona.  Youth;  from  ado- 
leacere,  (ad  and  olescere,)  'to  grow.'  (P.)  Jeun- 
esse.  The  period  between  puberty  and  that  at 
which  the  body  acquires  its  full  development; 
being,  in  man,  between  the  14th  and  25th  years; 
and,  in  woman,  between  the  12th  and  21st. 

AUOLES'CENS,  Ju'venis,  Hehe'tes,  Hebe'ter, 
Hcbe'tor,  Hypene'tes.  A  youth.  A  young  man 
in  the  period  of  adolescence. 

ADO'LIA.  A  Malabar  plant,  whose  leaves, 
put  in  oil,  form  a  liniment,  used  in  facilitating 
labour. 

A  DOR,  Zea  mays. 

ADORION,  Daucus  carota. 

ADOUOISSAXT.  Demulcent. 

AD  PONDUS  OM'NIUM.  The  weight  of  the 
whole.  In  a  prescription  it  means,  that  any 
particular  ingredient  shall  equal  in  weight  the 
whole  of  the  others. 

A  DRAG  A  XT,  Tragacantha. 

ADRAGANTHE,  Tragacantha. 

ADRA  RIZA,  Aristoloehia  clematitis. 

ADHOBO'I/ON',  from  aipos,  'great,'  and  iSuXoy, 
'muss.'  The  bdellium  of  India,  which  is  in  larger 
pieces  thau  that  of  .\rabia. 


ADROS,  aSpos,  'plump  and  full.'  Applied  to 
the  habit  of  body,  and  also  to  the  pulse. — Hippo- 
crates. 

ADSARIA  PALA.  Dolichos  pruriens. 

ADSPIRATIO,  Aspiration,  Inspiration. 

ADSTANS,  Prostate. 

ADSTITES  GLANDULOSI,  Prostate. 

ADSTRICTIO,  Astriction,  Constipation. 

ADSTRICTORIA,  Astringents. 

ADSTRINGENTIA,  Astringents. 

ADULAS'SO.  The  Jnstitia  bivuhis.  A  small 
shrub,  used  in  India  as  a  local  application  in  gout. 

ADULT,  see  Adult  age. 

Adult  Age,  Andri'a,  from  adolescere,  '  to 
grow  to,'  (ad  and  olere,  olituw,  'to  grow.')  17- 
ril'ity,  manhood.  The  age  succeeding  adoles- 
cence, and  preceding  old  age.  In  the  civil  law, 
an  adult  is  one,  who,  if  a  boy,  has  attained  the 
age  of  fourteen  years;  and,  if  a  girl,  of  twelve. 
In  the  common  law,  one  of  full  age.  Adult, 
Adnl'tns,  is  also  used  for  one  in  the  adult  age. 

ADULTERATIO,  Falsification. 

ADULTUS,  see  Adult  age. 

ADUNCATIO  unguium,  Onychogryphosis. 

ADURENS,  Caustic. 

ADURION,  Rhus  coriaria. 

ADUST,  Adus'tus,  from  adurere,  (ad  and 
urere,)  'to  burn.'  The  blood  and  fluids  were 
formerly  said  to  be  adust,  when  there  was  much 
heat  in  the  constitution,  and  but  little  scrum  in 
the  blood. 

ADUSTIO,  Adustion,  Burn. 

ADUS'TION,  Adus'tlo.  State  of  the  body 
described  under  Adust.  In  surgery,  it  signifies 
cauterization. 

ADVENTITIOUS  DISEASES,  Acquired  dis- 

C3SCS. 

ADVENTITIUS,  Accidental. 

ADYNA'MIA,  Impoten'tia  ;  from  a,  privative, 
and  ivvafiii,  'strength,'  Adyna'sia,  Adyna'tia. 
Considerable  debility  of  the  vital  powers;  as  in 
typhus  fever.  Some  Nosologists  have  a  class  of 
diseases  under  the  name  Adynamia,  Ec'lysea, 
Ilorbi  asthcn'ici. 

Adynamia  Viuilis,  Impotence. 

ADYNAM'IC,  Adynam'icus,  Hypodynam'ic, 
Hypodynam'icxis ;  same  etymon.  Appertaining 
to  debility  of  the  vital  powers. 

ADYNASIA,  Adynamia. 

ADYNATIA,  Adynamia. 

ADYNATOCOMIUM,  Hospital. 

ADYNATODOCHIUM,  Hospital. 

ADYNATOS,  Sickly. 

iEDCEA,  Genital  Organs. 

^Dffi'AGRA,  from  ai&oia,  'genital  organs,' 
and  aypa,  '  seizure.'     Gout  in  the  genitals. 

^DCEAG'RAPHY,  uEdieayraph'ia,  JSdae- 
og'raphy.  from  acioia,  '  organs  of  generation,' and 
yoa<po>,  '  I  describe.'  A  description  of  the  organs 
of  generation. 

^Dffi  AL'OGY,  .iEdcealo(f"la,Ji:doeol'ogy,  from 
aiioia,  'organs  of  generation,' and  Auyoj,  '  a  de- 
scription.'   A  treatise  on  the  organs  of  generation. 

MDQiAT'OMY,  yEd,xatom'ia.  yEdwotom'ia, 
uEdceot'ome,  ^docot'omy,  from  atiota,  '  organs  of 
generation,'  and  rt/avu),  '  I  cut.'  Dissection  of  the 
parts  of  generation. 

MD(EVTIS,  yEdo-oti'tis,  MedeVtis  ;  from  at- 
Soia,  'organs  of  generation,'  and  ilis,  denoting 
inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  genital  or- 
gans. 

^.DCEOBLENORRIICEA.  Leucorrhoea. 

iEDCEODYN'IA,  from  aii^oui,  'organ*  of  gene- 
ration,' and  oivvrj,  '  pain.'  Pain  in  the  genitals. 
Pudendagra. 

iEDCEOGARGALUS,  Masturbation,  Nyrapho- 
mania. 

^D(EOGARGARISMUS,  Masturbation, 
Nymphomania. 


iEDCEOGRAPHY 


36 


AKROMANCY 


^DCEOGPvAPIIY.  TEiloeagraphy. 
-S;i)CKOLO(iY,  JRilcealogy. 
JEDtEOMANIA,  Nvrapliomania. 
^ED(EOMYCODERMI'TIS,  from   aiSoia,  'or- 
gans  of  generation,'  //ukoj,   '  mucus,'  and  iepua, 
'skin.'     Inflammation  of  the  mucous  membrane 
of  the  genital  organs. 
^DtEON,  Inguen. 
^DCEOPSOPJIESIS,  ^doeopsophia. 
iEDCEOPSOPH'IA,  ^Edueopsophe'ais,  from  ai- 
Soia,  '  organs  of  generation,'  and  yl^oipuv,  '  to  make 
a  noise.'     Emission  of  wind  by  the  urethra  in 
man,  by  the  vagina  in  woman. — Sauvages  and 
Sagar. 

^ncEOPSOPHiA  Uterina,  Physometra. 
^DCEOS'COPY,    uEdwoscop' ia,    from    ai&oia, 
'organs   of  generation,'  and   oKonttv,   'to  view. 
Exploration  of  the  organs  of  generation. 

^DCEOTITIS,  ^jda3itis— a;.  Gangraenosa,  Col- 
poeace  —  se.  Gangra>nosa  puellarum,  Colpocace 
infantilis  —  se.  Gangraenosa  puerperarum,  Colpo- 
cace puerperarum. 

^DCEOTOME,  ^doeatomy. 
jEDfEOTOMIA,  iEdoeatomy. 
iEDCEOTOMY,  ^dccatoniy. 
iEDO PTOSIS,  Ilysteroptosis  — se.  Uteri,  Pro- 
lapsus uteri— ae.  Uteri  inversa.  Uterus,  inversion 
„f  the — as.  Uteri  retroversa,  Retroversio  uteri  — 
re.  Yaginffi,  Prolapsus  V. — aj.  Vesicae,  Exocyste. 
iEEIG'LUCES,  Aei(f  luces,  from  mi,  'always,' 
and  yXixcuf,  '  sweet.'     A  kind  of  sweet  wine  or 
must. — Gorraeus. 

iEGAGROPI'LA,  ^(/agrro^jiVKS,  from  aiynypog, 
'the  rock  goat,'  and  ttiAos,  'hair,'  Beznar  d'Alle- 
inagne,  Pila  Dama' rum  seu  Biipicnpra'ritm.  A 
ball  composed  of  hairs,  found  in  the  stomach  of 
the  goat:  once  used  medicinally. 
iEGEIROS,  Populus. 
jEGER,  Sick. 

^'GIAS,  yEc/!s,  J^ijlia,  J^'gidea,  from  uif, 
oiyoi,  '  the  goat;'  why,  is  not  known.  (F.)  Aige 
or  Aigle.  There  is  obscurity  regarding  the  pre- 
cise meaning  of  this  word.  It  was  used  to  desig- 
nate an  ulcer,  or  speck  on  the  transparent  cornea. 
— Hippocrates. 

Maitre  Jean  uses  it  for  a  calcareous   deposit 
between  the  conjunctiva  and  sclerotica. 
tEGIDES,  ^gias. 

iE'GILOPS,  An'chilops,  An'l-ylops,  from  aif, 
niyos,  'goat,'  and  wi/',  'the  eye.'  An  ulcer  at  the 
greater  angle  of  the  eye,  which  sometimes  does 
not  penetrate  to  the  lachrymal  sac,  but  at  others 
does,  and  constitutes  fistula  lacrymalis. — Galen, 
Celsus,  Oribasius,  Aetius,  Paulus  of  ^gina,  <fec. 

^Gl'RINON.    An  ointment  of  which  the  fruit 
or  flower  of  the  poplar  was  an  ingredient;  from 
atytipoi,  '  the  black  poplar.' 
.^(iLIA,  ^gias. 

JilGOCERAS,  Trigonella  foenum. 
JiGOLETHRON.  Ranunculus  flammula. 
^GONYCHON,  Lithospermum  officinale. 
^GOPIIOXIA.  Egophony. 
^GOPHONICUS,  Egophonic. 
jEGO PODIUM   PODAGRARIA,  Ligusticum 
podagraria. 

^GRIPPA,  Agrippa. 

^GRITUDO,  Disease— £E.  Ventriculi,  Vomit- 
ing. 

^GROTATIO,  Disease. 
^GROTUS,  Sick. 

jEGYP'TIA.  An  epithet  for  several  medi- 
cines, mentioned  by  Galen,  Paulus  of  iEgina, 
and  Myrepsus. 

MdYPTiii.  MoscHATA,  Hlbiscus  abelmoschus. 

iEoYP'TIA  StYPTe'ria,  Aiyui-na  arvnTripta, 
jEgyptinn  alum.    Recommended  by  Hippocrates. 

JEgyp'tia  Ul'ckra  ;  jEgyptinn  ulrem.  Ulcers 
of  the  fauces  and  tonsils,  de.>icribed  by  Aretseus, 
as  common  in  Egypt  and  Syria. 


^GYPTIACUM,  JEgyp'tion,  Mendc  s,on,  Mel 
^.,,jptiacum,  Fhar'macum  J^gjpUacum.  ^  Pre- 
paration of  vinegar,  honey,  and  vord.gns.  scarcely 
used  now,  except  by  veterinary  surgeons  as  a  de- 
tergent.     See  Linimentum  iErugiuis. 

3('(iYPTT0N     /^i'VPtiacum. 

^r/pTIUM  MEDICAMENTUM  AD 

AURES,  Pharmacum  ad  aures. 

JiGYP'TIUS    PESSUS:    JEgypUnn   pesmry. 
A  pessary,  comi)osed  of  honey,  turpentine,  butter, 
oil  of  lily  or  of  rose,  safl'ron,  each  one  part;  with 
sometimes  a  small  quantity  of  verdigris. 
AEICIIRYSON,  Sedum. 
^IPATHEIA,  see  Continent  (Disease.) 
AEIPATIIIA,  see  Continent  (Disease.) 
^MOPTOICA  PASSIO,  Haemoptysis. 
iENEA,  Catheter. 
iEOLECTlIYMA,  Variola. 
^OLLION,  Varicella. 
^OLLIUM,  Varicella. 

^ON,  anav.     The  entire  age  of  a  man  from 
birth  till  death. — Hippocrates,  Galen.     Also,  the 
spinal  marrow.     See  Medulla  Spinalis. 
^ONESIS,  Fomentation. 
jEONION,   Sedum. 

^O'RA,  from  aiuipm,  'I  suspend.'     Gestation, 
swinging.— Aetius,  Celsus,  &c. 
^QUALIS,  Equal. 

iEQUA'TOR  OC'ULI.    The  line  formed  by  tlic 
union  of  the  upper  and  under  eyelid,  when  they 
are  closed.    It  is  below  the  middle  of  the  globe. 
iEQUIVOCUS,  Equivocal. 
AER,  Air. 

AERATION  OF  THE  BLOOD,  Hacraatosis. 
AERATUS,  Carbonated. 

AERENDOCAR'DIA,  (F.)  Aerendncardie, 
from  ntjp,  'air,'  and  endocnrdinm.  Presence  of 
air  in  the  endocardium  or  lining  membrane  of  the 
heart. — Piorry. 

AERE,  Carbonated. 
AKRENTERECTASIA,  Tympanites. 
^REOLUM,  jEreolus,    Ohalcus.      The    sixth 
part  of  an  obolus  by  weight,  consequently  about 
2  grains. 

iE'RESIS,  aiptcii,  'the  removal  of  any  thing.' 
A  suffix  denoting  a  removal  or  separation,  as 
Apheeresis,  Diaiye'sle,  &c. 

AERETHMIE,  Emphysema. 
A^RETHMOPNEUMONIE,  see  Emphysema 
of  the  Lungs. 

AERGIA,  Torpor. 

AERH^MATOX'IA,  (F.)  ASrhemntna-ic ; 
from  arip,  '  air,'  aipn,  '  blood,'  and  to^ikov,  '  poison.' 
Poisoning  by  the  reception  of  air  into  the  blood- 
vessels. 

AERIF'EROUS,  Aerifer,  (F.)  Aerifh-e,  from 
aer,  'air,'  and  ferre,  'to  carry.'  An  epithet  for 
tubes  which  convey  air,  as  the  larj'nx,  trachea, 
and  bronchia. 

ARRIFLUX'US.  The  discharge  of  gas,  and 
the  fetid  emanations  from  the  sick.  Flatulence. 
— Sauvages. 

AERODERMECTASIA,  Emphysema. 
AERODIAPH'THORA,  from   ar,p,  'air,'  and 
Sia<p6opa,  'corruption.'    A  corrupt  state  of  the  air. 
AERO-ENTERECTASIA,  Tymp.inites. 
AEROHYDROP'ATIIY.        Acrohydropathi'a, 
from  arip,  'air,'  Wuip,  'water,' and  Tra^og,  'affec- 
tion.'    A  mode  of  treating  disease,  in  which  air 
and  water  are  the  chief  agents  employed. 

AEROL'OGY;  A'erolog"ia,  A'erolog" ice,  from 
arip,  'air,'  and  Xoyog,  'a  description.'  That  part 
of  physics  which  treats  of  the  air,  its  qualities 
uses,  and  action  on  the  animal  economy. 

AEROMAN'CY,  Acromauti'a,  from  anp,  'air,' 
and  jiavTcia,  '  divination.'     An  art  in  judicial  us- 


AEROMELI 


37 


^THER 


trology,  which  consists  in  the  foretelling,  by 
means  of  the  air,  or  substances  found  in  the  at- 
mosphere. 

AKROMELI,  Fraxinus  ornus. 

AEIiOPERITONlE,  see  Tympanites. 

AKllOl'lIOB'IA,  from  aijp,  'air,'  and  (^o^oi, 
'fear.'  Dread  of  the  air.  This  symptom  often 
accompanies  hydrophobia,  and  sometimes  hyste- 
ria and  other  aS'ections. 

AKROPIIOiriCUS,  Aeroph' obits ;  same  ety- 
mon.    One  affected  with  aerophobia. 

AKROPIIORUS,  Aerophobicus. 

AKROPHTIIORA,  Aerodiaphthora. 

A/inOfLEdRfE,  Pneumothorax. 

AEROPNEUMONASIE,  see  Emphysema  of 
the  Ijiin^^s. 

AEIWPNEUMONECTASIE,  see  Emphy- 
sema  of  the  Lungs. 

AKRORA'CHIA,  from  aijp,  'air,'  and  pa;^ij, 
'spine.'     Accumuhition  of  air  in  the  spine. 

AKRO.SIS,  Pneumatosis,  Tympanites. 

AKROTIIORAX,  Pneumothorax. 

iERUCA,  Cupri  subacetas. 

2&  R  U'G  I  N  0  U  S,  Mrugim/suM,  lo'des,  from 
mriKjo,  'verdigris.'  (F. )  Erucjineitx.  Resem- 
bling verdigris  in  colour;  as  the  bile  when  dis- 
charged at  times  from  the  stomach. 

iERU'GO,  (Of,  from  cbh,  '  copj)er.'  The  rust 
of  any  metal,  properly  of  brass.  See  Cupri  Suba- 
cetas. 

^Kiioo  Fbrri,  Ferri  subcarbonas — ae.  Plumbi, 
Pluml)i  subcarbonas. 

iES,  Cuprum. 

iBSCIIOS,  a(cr;^oj.  Deformity  of  the  body  gene- 
rally, or  of  some  part. — Hippocrates. 

.ES'CULUS  IIIPPOCAS'TANUM,  from  esca, 
'  food,'  [  ?]  Ciistd' tiea  eqiii'na,  Pavi'na,  Horae- 
ihi'Htniit,  Buck-eye.  (F.)  Marronier  ou  Marron- 
iiier  d'Inde.  Ord.  Ilippocastaneae.  Sex.  Syst. 
lleptandria  Monogynia.  The  bark  has  been 
advised  as  a  substitute  for  cinchona.  Both  bark 
and  fruit  are  astringent.  Externally,  it  has  been 
employed,  like  cinchona,  in  gangrene. 

iESECAVUM,  Brass. 

TESTATES,  Ephelides. 

iESTlIE'MA,  aiadrifia,  aiaOniiaToi,  'a  sensa- 
tion, a  perception.'  See  Sensation  and  Sensi- 
iiility.  In  the  plural,  oBsthe'tnata,  the  apparatuses 
of  the  senses. 

VE  S  T  II  E  M  A  T  0  L'O  G  Y,  JEsthemutolog" ia  ; 
from  aiaOt/nu,  atadnfiaroi  and  \oyui,  '  a  discourse.' 
The  doctrine  of,  or  a  treatise  on,  the  senses,  or 
on  the  apparatus  of  the  senses. 

VESTFIKMATONU'SI,  yEsthemntorf/anonu'si, 
from  aiadriiin,  niaOrjiiaToi,  aud  vovaoi,  '  diseases.' 
Diseases  aifecting  sensation. 

tESTIIEMATOHGANONUSI,  ^sthe- 
niatonusi. 

JESrHESlOG'RAVHY,  yEsthesiofjra'pkia, 
fi-oni  aiaS)i<'ti,  'perception,  sensation,' and  ypa<pri, 
'  a  description.'     A  description  of  the  sensorial 
apparatuses. 

M  S  T  II  E  S  1 0  L'O  G  Y,  ^sthef{ofog"ia,  from 
aiaSni'it  'perception,  sensation,'  and  Xoyoi,  'a 
discourse.'  The  doctrine  of,  or  a  treatise  on, 
sensation  or  the  senses. 

iESTHE'SIS,  Aisthe'aig,  from  aia^avofiai,  'I 
feel.'  The  faculty  of  being  affected  by  a  sensa- 
tion. Perception.  Sensibility,  as  well  as  the 
senses  themselves.      See  Sense. 

yF.STIIETERION,  Sensorium. 

yESTlIET'lC.V,  from  ataeuvo/iai,  'I  feel.'  Dis- 
eases afl'ecting  the  sensations.  Dulness,  depra- 
vation or  abolition  of  one  or  more  of  the  external 
orfans  of  sense.  The  2d  order,  class  Neurotica, 
of^Good.  Also,  agents  that  afifect  sensation. — 
Percira. 


iESTIVUS,  Estival. 

^STUARIUM,  Stove. 

iESTUATIO,  Ardor,  Ebullition,  Fermentation. 

iESTUS,  Ardor. 

.aJsTus  Volat'icus.  Sudden  heat,  scorching 
or  flushing  of  the  face. — Vogel. 

jETAS,  Age  —  as.  Bona,  Adolescence — se.  De- 
crepita.  Decrepitude  —  ae.  Mala,  Senectus  —  ae. 
Provecta,  Senectus  —  ae.  Senilis,  Senectus. 

iETIIER,  Ether,  from  ai&rip,  '  air,'  or  from  ai^u, 
'  I  burn.'  A^uphtha.  Liquor  cBthe'reua.  A  vola- 
tile liquor  obtained  by  distillation  from  a  mix- 
ture of  alcohol  and  a  concentrated  acid.  See 
^ther  sulphuricus,  and  Ether. 

jEther  Aceticus,  see  jEther  Sulphuricus — ae. 
Chloricus,  Chloroform,  Ether,  chloric. 

iETHER  Hydriod'icu.s,  Hydriod'ic  or  lodhy'- 
dric  Ether,  Iodide  of  Ethyle.  (F.)  Ether  iodhy- 
drique :  obtained  by  mixing  alcohol,  parts  v.; 
iodine,  parts  x. ;  and  phosjihorua,  one  part,  and 
distilling.     It  is  used  for  iodine  inhalation. 

jEther  Hydrochloricus;  .lEther  muriaticus. 

jEther  Hydrocyan'icus,  ^'.  Prus'sicus,  Hy- 
drocyan'ic  or  Entxaic  Ether,  Jlydmry'annte  of 
Eth'erine,  Cyan'uret  of  Eth'yle,  (F.)  Ether  Hydro- 
cyanique,  has  been  advised  in  hooping-cough, 
and  where  the  hydrocyanic  acid  is  indicated. 
Dose,  6  drops. 

.^THER  LiGNCSU.s,  Acetone  —  ae.  Martialis, 
Tinctura  seu  Alcohol  sulfurico-aethereus  ferri. 

.iEther  Mijriat'icus,^£'.  Ilydrochlo'ricua,  Mii- 
riat'ic,  Chlorohy'dric  or  Marine  Ether,  Mn'riate 
of  Etherine,  Chloride  of  Ethyle.  This  ether,  on 
account  of  its  volatility,  can  only  be  kept  in  cool 
places.  It  has  the  properties  of  the  other  ethers, 
and  when  used  is  generally  mixed  with  an  equal 
bulk  of  alcohol.  It  has  been  employed  as  an 
anaesthetic. 

A  Chlorinated  Chlorohydric  Ether,  (F.)  Ether 
Chlorhydrique  chlore,  formed  by  the  action  of 
Chlorine  on  Chlorohydric  Ether,  has  been  intro- 
duced into  practice  as  a  local  anaesthetic. 

^THER  MuRiATicus  ALConoLicus,  Spiritus 
aotheris  muriaticus — a;.  Nitricus,  see  iEther  Sul- 
phuricus—  £6.  Nitricus  Alcoolisatus,  Spiritus 
ajtheris  nitrici  —  !b.  Pyro-aceticus,  Acetone  —  ae. 
Nitrosus,  see  iEther  sulphuricus. 

^THER  Sulphu'ricus,  yEther  (Ph.  U.  S.),  ./E. 
Vitriol'icns,  Naphtha  Vitrioli  seu  Siilphu'rica, 
O'leiim  vitriole  dnlce,  Snl'phuric  Ether.  (F.) 
Ether,  Ether  sulfiirique,  vitrioliqne  OU  hydrati- 
que.  Ether  prepared  from  sulphuric  acid  and 
alcohol. 

Rectified  Ether,  jEther  recti fica'tua,  prepared 
by  distilling  12  oz.  from  a  mixture  of  anlphuric 
ether,  f^xiv,  funed  potass,  ,^SS.  and  distilled 
water,  f^\j,  is  a  limpid,  colourless,  very  inflam- 
mable, volatile  liquor;  of  a  penetrating  and  fra- 
grant odour,  and  hot  pungent  taste.  Its  s.  g.  is 
0.732. 

jEther  Sulphuricus,  Sulphuric  Ether  of  the 
Pharmacopceia  of  the  United  States  (1842), 
uEther  of  that  of  1851,  is  formed  from  alcohol, 
Oiv  ;  anlphuric  acid,  0 j  ;  potaaaa,  ^\y,  distilled 
water,  f^iij;  distilling  and  redistilling  according 
to  the  process  there  laid  down.  The  specific  gra- 
vity of  this  ether  is  0.750. 

It  is  a  diffusible  stimulant,  narcotic  and  anti- 
spasmodic, and  is  externallj'  refrigerant.  Dose, 
gtt.  XXX  to  f^^iss.  When  ether  is  inhaled,  it  is 
found  to  be  a  valuable  anaesthetic  agent:  and  is 
employed  with  advantage  in  spasmodic  aS'ections, 
and  in  surgical  operations.     See  Anaesthetic. 

The  Parisian  Codex  has  an  jEther  ace'ticua, 
Naphtha  Ace'ti,  (F.)  Ether  acetique  :  an  ^ther 
mnria'ticus  »e\l  hydrochlo'ricus,  (F.)  Ether  chlor- 
hydrique; an  .lEther  ni'tricua  seu  iiitru'aus,  (F.) 


iETIIEREA  IIERBA 


38 


AFFUSION 


jRther  ni'trique  ou  nitreux  ou  azoteux ;  and  an 
uElhcr  phiiiphora'tim.  They  all  possess  similar 
virtues.     Soo  Anaesthetic. 

jEther  Sulphuricus  Acinus,  Elixir  aeidum 
lliilleri  —  <e.  Sulphuricus  cum  alcohole,  Spiritus 
Ktheris  sulphurici — aj.  Sulphuricus  cum  alcohole 
aroinaticus,  Spiritus  jetheris  aromatieus. 

JEthkr  Terkbinthina'tus,  Terebinth' innted 
ether,  made  by  mixing  gradually  two  pounds  of 
alcohol,  and  half  a  pound  of  spirit  of  turpentine, 
with  two  pound.s  of  concentrated  nitric  acid,  and 
distilling  one-half  the  mixture  with  a  gentle  heat. 
Employed  externally  and  internally  in  biliary 
calculi,  rheumatism,  <fcc.  Dose  20  to  40  drops, 
iu  honey  or  yolk  of  egg. 

yETHEREA  HERBA,  Eryngi'um  maritimum. 

iETilE'REAL,  uEthe'reus,  Ethe'real,  Ethe'- 
reoHS,  (F.)  Etheree.  An  etherenl  tincture,  (F.j 
Teintitre  etheree,  is  one  formed  by  the  action  of 
sulphuric  ether,  at  the  ordinary  temperature,  on 
medicinal  substances.  An  ethereal  oil  is  a  vola- 
tile oil.     See  Olea  Volatilia. 

^THERISxMUS,  Etherism. 

iETlIERISATIO,  Etherization. 

JETIIERISATUS,  Etherized. 

iETHE'REO-OLEO'SA  (Remedia),  homJEthe- 
roleiim,  'a  volatile  oil.'  Remedies,  whose  pro- 
perties are  dependent  upon  the  volatile  oil  they 
contain. 

^TIIEROLEA,  Olea  volatilia. 

iETIIIOP'ICUS  LAPIS,  Ethiopian  stone.  A 
stone  formerly  supposed  to  be  possessed  of  con- 
siderable virtue. — Oribasius. 

iETHIOPIFICA'TIO,  yEihiopopoe'sis,  uEthi- 
opia'nnis,  ^Elhiopio'sis,  from  yEthiups,  and/acere, 
'  to  make.'  The  mummy-like  colouring  of  the 
skin,  induced  at  times  by  the  use  of  mercurial 
ointment;  and  seen  in  bodies  poisoned  by  arsenic. 

^THIOPIOSIS,  ^thioi)ificatio. 

iETillOPIS,  Salvia  sclarea. 

uEfHIOPISMUS,  iEthiopificatio. 

iETHIOPOPOESIS,  ^thiopifioatio. 

^'THIOPS,  from  aiSia,  'I  burn,'  and  loxp, 
'countenance.'  A  bhiek  or  burnt  countenance. 
The  ancients  gave  this  name  to  certain  oxides 
and  sulphurets  of  metals,  which  were  of  a  black 
colour. 

iErHiOPS  Aldus,  Albino  —  as.  Alcalisatus,  Hy- 
drargyrum cum  ereta — a3.  Animal,  see  Choroid. 

^rniOFS  Martia'lis,  Mar'tial  Elhiops,  Ferri 
Deutojc'ydum  nii/nun.  The  bhick  deutoxide  of 
iron  :  once  in  repute  as  a  tonic.  See  Oxydum 
Ferri  nigrum. 

^THiops  MixERALis,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum 
nigrum — se.  Narcoticus,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum 
nigrum — fe.  per  se,  Hydragyri  oxydum  cinereum 
— ae.  Saccharatus,  Hydrargyrum  saccharatum — 
se.  A''egetabilis,  see  Fucus  vesiculosus. 

^THOL'ICES,  from  ai^u,  'I  burn.'  Fiery 
pustules  on  the  skin.  Some  have  considered 
them  to  have  been  hoils. 

^THUSA  AMMI,  Sison  ammi. 

^thit'sa  Cvna'pium,  Fool's  Parsley,  (F.)Fmix 
Persil,  Petite  Cigne.  Family,  Umbelliferaj.  Sex. 
Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia.  A  poisonous  plant, 
which  has  been  mistaken  for  true  parsley,  pro- 
ducing nausea,  vomiting,  headache,  giddiness, 
sopor,  and  at  times,  fatal  results.  It  resembles 
conium  in  its  action. 

yEthii'sa  Meum,  Meam,  M.  Athaman'ticum, 
seu  Anethi/o'liuin,  Athamnn/ta  Meum,  Ligns'ticum 
Capllla'ceum  seu  Meum,  Ses'eli  Meum,  Men,  Spig- 
nel,  Baldmoney.  (F.)  Ethuse,  Meum.  The  root  has 
been  advised  as  cartninativc,  stomachic,  &c. 

vETIOL'OGY,  jEtiolog"ia,  Etiol'ogy,  Aitio- 
h>g"ia,  from  aina,  'cause,'  and  Aoyoj,  'a  dis- 
course.'    The  doctrine  of  the  causes  of  disease. 


^TI'TES,  or  AETITES,  from  atroi,  'an 
ea-'le.'  Eagle-stoue,  Pierre  d'Aigle,  Hydrate  de 
trttoxide  de  fer.  This  stone  was  for.ncrly  sup- 
posed to  facilitate  delivery,  if  bound  on  the  thigh  ; 
and  to  prevent  abortion,  if  bound  on  the  arm. 
It  was  also  called  Lapis  Colhjmus. 

^TOr,  or  AETOI  PHLEBES,  Temporal  veins. 

^TOLION,  Cnidia  grana. 

AFFADIL,  Narcissus  pseudo-narcissus. 

AFFADISSEMEXr,  (V.)iTomfade,  'insipid.' 
That  condition  of  the  digestive  function  in  which 
the  appetite  is  diminished,  the  sense  of  taste 
blunted,  and  the  action  of  the  stomach  enfeebled  ; 
a  state  usually  accompanied  by  general  languor. 

AFFA IB L ISSEMENT,  Asthenia. 

AFFAIRES.  Menses. 

AFFAISSEMENT,  Collapsus. 

AFFECTIO,  Atfection — a.  Arthritica  Cordis, 
Cardiagra — a.  Hypochondriaca,  Hypochondriasis 
— a.  Hysterica,  Hysteria  —  a.  Sarmatica,  Plica  — 
a.  Tympanitica,  Tympanites. 

AFFECTION,  Ajf'ee'tio,  from  afficio  or  affec- 
tare  (ad  and  facere,)  'to  move  or  influence.' 
Any  mode  in  which  the  mind  or  body  is  allected 
or  modified. 

AFFECTION  TYPHO'tDE,  see  Typhus  — 
a.   Vaporeu^te.  Hypochondriasis. 

AFFECTION  ES  ANIMI,  Affections  of  the 
mind. 

AFFECTIONS  OF  THE  MIND,  Affev'ius  seu 
Passiii'nes  seu  Affeetio'nes  seu  Votiijuastativ'nes 
seu  Confusio'nes  seu  Turbatio'ncs  seu  Perturhn- 
tio'nes  an'imi,  (F.)  Affections  de  I'dme  include  not 
only  the  different  passions,  as  love,  hatred,  jea- 
lousy, &c.,  but  every  condition  of  the  mind  that 
is  accompanied  by  an  agreeable  or  disagreeable 
feeling,  as  pleasure,  fear,  sorrow,  <fec. 

In  Pathology,  Affection,  Pathos,  Pathe'mn,  is 
synonymous  with  disease:  thus  we  speak  of  a 
pulmonary  aff'ection,  a  calculous  affection,  <fec. 

AFFECTIONS  BE  L'AME.  Affections  of 
the  mind. 

AFFECTIVE.  That  which  affects,  touches,  &c. 
Gall  gives  the  term  affective  faculties,  (F.)  Favnt- 
tes  affectives,  to  functions  dependent  upon  the 
organization  of  the  brain,  comprising  the  senti- 
ments, affections,  &c. 

AFFECTUS,  Passion  —  a.  Faucium  pestilens, 
Cynanche  maligna — a.  Hyderodes,  Hydrops— a. 
Spasmodico-convulsivus  labiorum,  Neuralgia  fa- 
ciei. 

AF'FERENT,  A/'/erens,  Centrip'etal,  Esod'ic, 
from  affe.ro,  (orf  and /e;-o,  'to  carry,')  'I  bring.' 
Conveying  inwards,  as  from  the  periphery  to  the 
centre.  The  vessels  which  convey  the  lymph  or 
chyle  to  the  lymphatic  glands,  are  called  afferent, 
vasa  afferen'tia  seu  inferen'tia.  Also,  nerves 
that  convey  impressions  towards  the  nervous 
centres  — nervi  entobanon'tes. 

AF'FION,  Aff'ium,  Offium.  Opium.  The 
Bantamese  thus  designate  an  electuary  of  which 
opium  is  the  basis,  and  which  they  use  as  an  ex- 
citant. 

AFFLA'TUS,  Adjla'tm,  Ep{2moi'a,  from  nil, 
'to,'  and  fare,  'to  blow.'  Any  air  that  strikes 
the  body  and  produces  disease 

AF'FLUENCE,  Afflux,  from  affluere,  (orfand 
fluere,  '  to  flow,')  <  to  flow  to.'  A  flow  or  deter- 
mination of  humours,  and  particularly  of  blood, 
towards  any  part. 

AFFLUXUS,  Fluxion. 

rf  u-     ?'  >ff"«>"n— a.  Frigida,  see  Affusion 
— a.  Orbicularis,  Placenta. 

AFFU'SION,  Affu'sio,  Pros'chy^s,  Epieh'ysis, 
from  ad,  to,'  and  fundere,  fusnm,  '  to  pour  '  The 
action  of  pouring  a  liquid  on  any  body  '  Affit. 
eions,  Bhyptolu'sicB,  cold  and  warm,  are  'used  in 


AFIUM 


39 


AGGLUTIXATIF 


different  diseases.  The  cold  nffusion,  Affu'slo 
seu  I'er/u'nio  frig" Ida,  is  said  to  have  been  bene- 
ficial in  cutting  short  typhus  fever  and  scarlatina, 
if  used  during  the  first  days.  It  consists  in  pla- 
cing the  patient  in  a  tub,  and  pouring  cold  water 
over  hitn  ;  then  wiping  him  dry,  and  putting  him 
to  bed.  The  only  precaution  necessary  is,  to  use 
it  in  the  state  of  greatest  heat  and  exacerbation  ; 
not  when  chilliness,  or  topical  inflammation,  is 
present. 

AFIUIVr,  Opium. 

AFTKR-IilHTH,  Secundines. 

AFTKR-PAINS,  See  Pains,  labour. 

A  GA  (UiMENT,  (F.)  from  aKa{uv,  '  to  sharpen.' 
The  setting  on  edge. 

AGACEMENT  J)ES  BENTS.  A  disagree- 
able sensation  experienced  when  acids  are  placed 
in  contact  with  the  teeth.  Tooth-edge.  Setting 
the  teeth  on  edge. 

AGACEMENT  DBS  NERFS.  A  slight  irri- 
tation of  the  system,  and  particularly  of  the 
organs  of  sense  and  locomotion,  corresponding 
nearly  to  the  English  Fidijets. 

AOAII.  Intermittent  Fever. 

AGALACTATIO,  Agalactia. 

AGALACTIA,  Agaku:' ia,  Agnlac'tio,  Agalac- 
tn'tio,  Befec'titu  lac'tis,  OUgnga'lia,  Oliyogalac'- 
ti(i,  from  a,  privative,  and  yaXa,  'milk.'  Absence 
of  milk  in  the  mammae. 

AGALAXIA,  Agalactia. 

AGAL'LOCIIUM,  from  ayaWu,,  '  I  decorate,' 
Cnlamhnc,  Calambouk,  Lu/'niim  Agal'lochi  veri 
sen  A/'(ien  seu  Aspnl'atJii,  Xyloa/oen,  Aloes  wood. 
A  resinous  and  very  aromatic  wood  of  the  East 
Indies,  from  E.cccBca'ria  Agal'locha,  Cynome'tra 
Agril'lochum,  Alo'ex'ylon  Agnl'locJnim.  Used  in 
making  pastils,  &c.  —  Dioscorides,  Oribasius, 
Paulus. 

AUAMOUS,  See  Cryptogamous. 

A(}'AIIIC,  Agar'icum,  Agar'icus.  A  genus  of 
plants  in  the  Linnajan  sj'stem,  some  of  which  are 
edible,  others  poisonous.  It  is  supposed  to  have 
been  so  called  from  Agaria,  a  region  of  Sarmatia. 
— Dioscorides.  Among  the  edible  varieties  of  the 
Boletus,  the  following  are  the  chief: — 1.  The 
Agar'icus  edii'lis  seu  Arven'sis  seu  Sylval'icua 
seu  Campes'tris,  (F.)  Agaric  comestible  et  cham- 
pignon de  coHche.  2.  The  Agar'icus  odora'tits, 
(F.)  Jfonsseron.  The  most  common  poisonous 
varieties  are  the  Agar'icus  neca'tor,  (F.)  Agaric 
meurtrier  ;  and,  2.  Iha  Agaricus  acris,  (¥.)  Aga- 
ric acre ;  besides  the  Auranite,  <a  sub-genus, 
which  includes  several  species.  One  of  the  most 
delicate  is  the  Agaricus  Auranticicus,  but  care 
must  be  taken  not  to  confound  it  with  the  A. 
J'seudo-anrnntiacus,  which  is  very  poisonous. 
The  A.  aurantiacus  is  called,  in  French,  Orange. 
See  Poisons,  Table  of. 

Agakic,  see  Boletus  igniarius — a.  Amndouvier, 
Boletus  laricis — a.  Blanc,  Boletus  laricis — a.  de 
Chene,  Boletus  igniarius — a.  Female,  Boletus  ig- 
niarius —  a.  of  the  Oak,  Boletus  igniarius  —  a. 
Odorant,  Dasdalea  suavcolens — a.  White,  Boletus 
laricis. 

AGAKICUM,  Boletus  igniarius. 

AGARICUS,  Boletus  igniarius — a.  Albus,  Bo- 
letus laricis — a.  Arvensis,  see  Agaric — a.  Auran- 
tiacus, Amanita},  Bolites  —  a.  Auriculasforma, 
Pe/.i/.a  auricula — a.  Campestris,  see  Agaric — a. 
Chirurgoruin,  Boletus  igniarius — a.  Igniarius, 
Boletus  igniarius — a.  Laricis,  Boletus  laricis — 
n.  Pseudo-aurantiacus,  Amanitas  —  a.  Querctts, 
Boletus  igniarius  —  a.  Sylvaticus,  see  Agaric. 

AGAiaFIED.  See  Feverish. 

AGASTllO.XER'VIA,  (F.)  Agastronervic,  from 
a.  privative,  y<i<T'-'/Pi 'stomach,' and  vevpov,  'nerve.' 
Want  of  nervous  action  in  the  stomach. 

AGASYLLIS  GALBANUM.Bubon  galbanum. 

AGATIIIS  DAMARRA,  Pinus  damarra. 


AGATHOSMA  CRENATUM,  Diosma  cre- 
nata. 

AGATHOTES  CHIRAYITA,  Gentiana  chi- 
rayita.       _ 

AGA'VE  AMERICA'NA,  A.  Ramo'sn,  Ameri^ 
can  Agave,  American  aloe.  Maguey,  from  ayavoi, 
'admirable.'  Nat.  Ord.  BromeViacex.  iSex.  Sy«t. 
Hexandria  Monogynia.  This  plant  has  been 
considered  diuretic  and  antisyphilitic'  The  fa- 
vourite drink  of  the  Mexicans— Pii/jiie— is  the 
fermented  juice  of  this  plant. 

Agave  Ramosa,  A.  Americana. 

Agave  Virgin'ica,  Rattlesnake's  master,  False 
aloe, — grows  in  the  Southern  States.  The  root 
is  very  bitter.  It  has  been  used  in  tincture  as  a 
carminative  in  colic;  and  as  a  remedy  for  bites 
of  serpents. 

AGE,  'riXiKia,  Heli'hia,  ^tas  ; — Of  uncertain 
etymon.  Period  of  life.  Time  that  has  elapsed 
since  birth,  <fec.  Five  ages  are  often  designated 
in  the  life  of  man  :  1.  First  infancy  (lufan'tia;) 
2.  Second  infancy  (/'»er/"/)'tt  ;)  3.  Adolescence 
(Adolescen'tia ;)  4.  The  adult  age  (Viril'itas ;) 
5.   Old  age,  (Old  Eng.)  Elth,  (Senec'tus.) 

AGENEIOS,  Imberbis. 

AGEN'ESIS,  from  a,  privative,  and  ycvtcis, 
' generation,'  (F.)  Agenesie.  Imperfect  develop- 
ment of  any  part  of  the  body  ;  as  cerebral  age- 
nesis, I.  e.  imperfect  development  of  the  brain  in 
the  foetus.     See  Monster. 

AGENNESIA,  Impotence,  Sterilitas. 

AGENNESIS,  Impotence. 

AGENOSO'MUS,  from  a,  privative,  ycvvato, 
'  I  generate,'  and  orw/ja,  '  body.'  A  malformation 
in  which  the  fissure  and  eventration  are  chiefly 
in  the  lower  part  of  the  abdomen  ;  the  urinary  or 
sexual  apparatus  absent,  or  very  rudimentary. 

AGENT,  Agens,  from  agere,  'to  act.'  Any 
power  which  produces,  or  tends  to  produce,  an 
efioct  on  the  human  body.  Morbific  agents,  (F.) 
Agens  morbifiques,  are  the  causes  of  disease; — 
therapeutical  agents,  (F.)  Agens  therapeutiqnes, 
the  means  of  treating  it. 

AGER  NATURiE,  Uterus. 

AGERA'SIA,  Insenescen'tia,  from  a,  privative, 
and  ynpaiy  '  old  age.'  A  vigorous  and  green  old 
age. 

AGERATUM,  Achillea  ageratum — a.  Altissi- 
mum,  Eupatorium  ageratoides. 

AGE'RATUS  LAPIS,  XyrjpaTOi.  A  stone 
used  by  cobblers  to  polish  shoes.  It  was  for- 
merly esteemed  discutieut  and  astringent. — Ga- 
len, Oribasius,  Paulus. 

AGES,  Palm. 

AGEUSIA,  Ageustia. 

AGEUS'TIA,  Agheus'tia,  Ageusia,  Apogeuh'- 
tia,  Apogeu'sis,  DyscBstke'sia  gustato' ria,AucBHthe' - 
sia  gustato'ria,  Parageu'sis,  from  a,  priv.,  and 
yevaii,  'taste.'  Diminution  or  loss  of  taste, 
AncBsthe'sia  Ungues. — Sauvages,  Cullen. 

AGGLOM'ERATE,  Agglomera'tus,  from  ag- 
glomerare,  {ad  and  glomerure,  'to  wind  up  j'arn 
in  a  ball,')  'to  collect  together.'  Applied  to  tu- 
mours or  glands  in  aggregation. 

AGGLU'TINANT,  AggWtinans,  CoUet'icus, 
Glu'tinans,  from  gluten,  'glue,'  (F.)  Agglutinant. 
Agglutinatif,  Glutinatif,  Colletique.  Remedies 
were  formerly  so  called,  which  were  considered 
capable  of  uniting  divided  parts. — Paulus. 

Plasters  are  called  agglutinants,  (F. )  aggluti- 
nati/s,  which  adhere  strongly  to  the  skin.  Cer- 
tain bandages  are  likewise  so  termed  ;  (F.)  Ban- 
delettes  aggluti natives. 

TO  AGGLUTINATE.  The  French  use  the 
word  agglutiner  in  the  sense  of  'to  reunite;'  ns 
agglutiner  les  levres  d'tine  plaie,  'to  reunite  the 
lips  of  a  wound.' 

AGGLUTINATIF,  Agglutinant. 


AGGLUTINATIO 


40 


AGRYrXODES 


AGGLUTINATIO,  Coition. 

AGGLUTINATION,  Uolk'sU,  Eplcolle'ais, 
PruHcoUe'sis,  GLutiiia'tio,  from  aijglutinare,  '  to 
glue  toj^ether.'  The  first  degree  of  adhesion. 
Also,  tlie  action  of  agglutinants. 

AGGLUTIXER,  To  agglutinate. 

AG'GHEGATE,  Aggreija'tns,  from  afftjregare, 
I  (id  and  yregare,)  '  to  flock  together,'  'to  assemble 
together.'  Glands  are  called  ai/r/rtgate  which  are 
in  clusters.  See  Peyeri  Glaiidula;.  Aggregate 
pills,  (F.J  Pilules  agregativca,  sigtiified,  formerly, 
those  which  were  believed  to  contain  the  proper- 
ties of  a  considerable  number  of  medicines,  and 
to  be  able  to  supply  their  place. 

AtillEUSTIA,  Ageustia. 

AGHOUL,  Agul. 

AGIAIIA'LID  or  AGIIIA'LID  or  AGRA- 
HA'LID.  An  Egyptian  and  Ethiopian  shrub, 
similar  to  Xiniciiin.  The  Ethiopians  use  it  as  a 
vermifuge.     The  fruit  is  purgative. 

AGIHALID,  Agiahalid. 

AGISSAXr,  Active. 

AGITATION,  Agita'tio,  Done'sis,  from  agere, 
'to  act.'  Constant  and  fatiguing  motion  of  the 
body,  Tyrbe,  Ti/ibd'sia,  In'qities, — or  distressing 
mental  inquietude, — An'imi  Agita'tio. 

AGITATORIUS,  Convulsive. 

AGLOS'SIA,  from  a,  privative,  and  yXo/trcru, 
'the  tongue.'  A  malformation,  which  consists 
in  the  want  of  a  tongue. 

AGLOSSOS'TOMA,  from  Aglossia,  and  arojia, 
'mouth.'     A  mouth  without  a  tongue. 

AGLOSSOSTOMOG'RAPHY,  Aglossostomo- 
(jia'phia,  from  a,  priv.,  yXwaaa,  'the  tongue,' 
cTOjxa,  'the  mouth,'  and  ypatpu),  'I  describe.' 
Description  of  a  mouth  without  a  tongue. — Ro- 
land, (of  Saumur.) 

AGLUTI'TION,  Agluti"tio;  from  a,  priv.,  and 
glnliie,  '  to  swallow.'  A  hybrid  term,  designa- 
ting impossibility  of  swallowing. — Linnaeus. 

AGMA,  Fracture. 

AGMATOLOG"IA,  from  ayi^a,  ayfiaro;,  frac- 
ture, and  )ioyos,  'a  description.'  The  doctrine 
of  fractures.     A  treatise  on  fractures. 

AG  ME,  Fractures. 

AGMINA  DIGITORUM  MANUS,  Phalanges 
of  the  fingers. — a.  Membrana,  Amnios. 

AGMINATED  GLANDS,  Peyer's  glands. 

AGNAIL,  HangnaiL 

AGNA'TIIIA,  from  «,  priv.,  and  yvados,  'jaw.' 
A  malformation,  which  consists  in  the  want  of 
the  jaw,  especially  of  the  lower. 

AGNINA  MEMBRANA,  Amnios. 

AGNOI'A,  Agiiije'a,  from  a,  priv.,  and  ytvu)aKiD, 
'  I  know.'  State  of  a  patient  who  docs  not  recog- 
nise individuals.— Hippocrates,  Galen,  Focsius. 

AGNUS  CASTUS,  Vitex. 

AGO'GE,  ayuyv.  The  order  or  condition  of  a 
disease.— Hippoc,  Galen.  Likewise  the  sUte  of 
the  air.— Hippoc,  Galen,  Gorraeus,  Foesius. 

AGOGUE,  aywyoi, '  a  leader,'  from  ayu,  '  I  lead 
or  expel.'  Hence  Cholagogxie,  an  expeller  of  bile  : 
Hydragiigiie,  &c. 

AGOMPHI'ASIS,  Agompho'sis,  from  a,  priva- 
tive, and  yon(poia,  'I  nail.'  Looseness  of  the 
teeth.— (Jorripus.     See  Gomphiasis. 

AGOMPHOSIS,  Agomphiasis, 

AGON.  Agony. 

AGONE,  Hyoscyamus. 

AGONIA.  Steriiitas. 

AGONISMA,  Agony. 

AGONISMUS,  Agony. 

AGONIS'TICA,  from  ayuv,  <  a  combat'  The 
part  of  ancient  gymnastics,  which  had  reference 
to  the  combats  of  the  Athletse. 

Also  very  cold  water,  given  'internally  to  calm 
febrile  heat.— Paulus  of  ^gina 

AGONIZANS.  Psychorages." 

AGONOS,  Sterile. 


AG'ONY,  Agon'ia,  Agon,  Agonin'ma,  Agonis'. 
rtuis,  Mochthns,  J/ogits,  Paijchurag" ia,  I'si/chor- 
rhag"ia,  An<,„r,  Throe,  Throw,  (Sc.)  J'atieiit  of 
death,  from  'aywp,  'a  combat.'  The  last  struggle 
of  life.— Galen,  Gorricus,  Ac.  The  agony,  which 
is  of  longer  or  shorter  duration,  is  characterized 
by  great  change  in  the  features,  gradual  abolition 
of  sensation  and  motion,  loss  of  voice,  dryness  or 
lividity  of  the  tongue  and  lips,  rattling  in  the 
throat,  small  and  intermittent  pulse,  and  coldness 
of  the  extremities.  This  state  is  not  present  in 
those  who  die  suddenly.  See  Facics  llippo- 
cratica. 

AGOS'TUS,  from  ayu>,  'I  lead.'  The  fore  arm 
from  the  elbow  to  the  fingers.  Also,  the  palm  of 
the  hand. — Gorraeus.     See  Palm. 

AGRA,  aYf)a,  from  ayptw,  '  I  seize  hold  of.'  A 
seizure,  as  Odontagra,  a  tooth  seizure,  toothache; 
Chiragra,  Podagra,  <fec. 

AGRAFE  DE  VALENTIN.  A  kind  of  for- 
ceps  with  parallel  branches,  employed  by  Valen- 
tin in  the  operation  for  hare  lip,  to  etFect  the 
approximation  of  the  edges  of  the  wound. 

AGRAHALID,  Agiahalid. 

AGREGATIVES  PILULES.  See  Aggre- 
gate.       _ 

AGREMIE,  from  cigrie,  'gout,'  (Piorry,)  and 
aqia,  '  blood.'  The  altered  condition  of  the  blood 
in  gout. — Piorry. 

AgRIA,  Herpes  exedens,  Lichen  agrius. 

AGRIAMPELOS,  Bryonia  alba. 

AGRICOCCIMELEA,  Prunus  Spinosa. 

AGR/E,  Gout. 

AGRIFOLIUM,  Ilex  aquifolium. 

AGRIMONIA,  Agrimony  —  a.  Eupatoria, 
Agrimony — a.  Odorata,  Agrimony — a.  OfBciua- 
lis.  Agrimony. 

Aghimonia  Partiflo'ra,  Small-foxr'ered  or 
Sweet-scented  Agrimony  ;  indigenous;  has  simi- 
lar properties  to  A.  Eupatoria.     See  Agrimony. 

AG'RIMONY,  Agrimo'nia,  A.  Eupato'ria  seu 
odora'ta  seu  offieina'lis,  Caf'al,  Lap'puln  hepat'- 
ica.  Cockle-bur,  Stic/cwort.  (F.)  Aigrcinoine.  Ord. 
Rosaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Icosandria  Digynia.  A 
mild  astringent  and  stomachic.  Dose,  in  powder, 
from  9j  to  3J. 

Agiumony,  Heaip,  Eupatorium  cannabinum— 
a.  Small-flowered,  Agrimonia  parviflora  —  a. 
Sweet-scented,  Agrimonia  parviflora. 

AGRIOCASTANUM,  Bunium  bulbocastanum, 
Lycoperdon  tuber. 

AGRIOCINARA,  Sempervivum  tectorum. 

AGRIORIGANUM,  Origanum  mnjorana. 

AGRIOSELINUM,  Smyrnum  olusatrum. 

AGRIOTIIYM'IA,  from  aypws,  'ferocious,' 
and  Sv/ios,  'disposition.'  Ferocious  insanity.— 
Sauvages. 

AGRIPALMA  GALLIS,  Leonurus  cardiaca. 

AGRIP'PA,  jEgriji'pa,  from  a-ger  jxtrtiie, 
'difiicult  birth  :' or  perhaps  from  ayfia,  'taking 
or  seizure,'  and  novs,  'the  foot.'  This  terra  has 
been  given  to  tho.^e  born  by  the  feet.  It  is  i)re- 
tended  that  the  family  of  Agrippa  obtained  their 
name  from  this  circumstance.  Parturition,  where 
the  feet  present,  is  called  AgripjJCB  j)((rtits,  Agrip- 
pi'nus  partus. 

AGRIPPINUS  PARTUS,  see  A-rippa 

AGRO  DI  CEDRO,  see  Citrus  nfedica. 

AGROPYRUM  L^VISSlMUM,  Triticum  re- 
pens. 

in^nf  ^f^'^^^L^^  GITHAGO,  Lychnis  githago. 
AGRObllb,    Bryonia    alba— a,   Verticillata, 
Andropogon  miiricatus. 

AGRUNA,  Prunus  spinosa 
AGRYPNIA,  Insomniii 
AGRYPNOCOMA,  Coma  vi<rij. 


AGRYPNO'DES,    from 


aypvTzvo^,   'sleepless.* 


y^,  .     •     J  L      ,       , "Af "'••'">,     Sleep  e.'s. 

Characterized  by  sleeplessness,  as  l\bris  Aarn„. 
nodes,  a  fever  accompanied  with  slecplessaess. 


AGRYPNOTICUS 


41 


AIRIGNE 


AGRYPNOTICUS,  Anthypnotic. 

A(jiRYP'NUS,  aypv-vos.     Sleepless,  vigilant. 

AOIA  l)E  VEIIUGA,  see  Verugas. 

AGVAllDIENTE,  Brandy.  See  also  Spirit. 
— «.  dv  Ititlld,  see  Spirit. 

A'CiUE,  from  Gothic,  agin,  'trembling.'  (?)  In- 
termittent fever;  often  used  in  the  same  sense 
as  chill  or  rigor. 

Agiii:  and  Fkvkr,  Intermittent  fever. 

A(MJE,  Brow,  Neuralgia  frontalis. 

ActlK  Cake,  Placen'ta  febri'lis  seu  sple'nt'cn, 
Physco'nia  Hple'iiicn,  Spleiiis  Tumor;  (F.)  Gd- 
tcdii  febrile.  A  visceriil  obstruction — generally 
ill  the  .s|)leun — which  follows  agues,  and  is  dis- 
tinctly felt  by  e.xternal  examination.  To  a 
greater  or  less  degree,  it  is  not  uncommon. 

Agub,  Dbad,  see  Fever,  masked. 

Aguk  Drop,  Tasteless,  Liquor  arsenicalis. 

Agiji;,  Dumb,  see  Fever,  masked  —  a.  Face, 
Neuralgia,  facial. 

Ague,  Free,  Laurus  sassafras. 

Ague,  Leaping,  see  Leaping  ague  —  a.  Quar- 
tan, Quartan — a.  Tertian,  Tertian  fever. 

Aguk  Tukr,  Laurus  sassafras. 

Aguk,  Thiud-day,  Tertian. 

Ague  Wi;ed,  Eupatorium  perfoliatum. 

AGU'IOS,  from  a,  priv.,  and  yviov,  'limb.' 
Mutilated  or  wanting  limbs. — Hippocr.  Weak, 
feeble. — Galen. 

AGUL,  A(jhnul,  Alha'g!,  the  Hedisa'rum  seu 
Iledi/iid'rum  alhagi.  A  thorny  shrub  of  Persia 
and  Mesopotamia,  which  afifords  manna.  The 
leaves  are  purgative. 

AGYll'lAS,  from  ayvpts,  'a  collection.'  Opa- 
city of  the  crystalline. — Aetius,  Pare. 

AGYR'TA,  from  ayvpts,  'a  crowd.'  Formerly, 
a  stroller  who  pretended  to  supernatural  powers. 
Subse(iuently,  a  quack  or  illiterate  pretender. — 
See  Charlatan. 

AGYRTIA,  Charlatanry. 

AIIO'RA,  from  a,  privative,  and  'opa,  'youth.' 
Tardy  development  of  the  organs :  the  opposite 
to  IJi//)eiIio')a. 

AJIOUAI,  Thevetia  ahouai. 

AIIUSAL,  Orpiment. 

AllYPNIA,  Insomnia. 

AIAU/jT,  Narcissus  pseudo-narcissus. 

AIDE  (F.),  Ad'jutor  mill' inter.  An  assistant 
to  a  surgeon  in  his  operations. 

AIDOIOiMANIA,  Nymphomania. 

AIERSA,  Iris  Germanica. 

AfGE.  vEgias. 

AIGLE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Near  the 
city  of  this  name,  in  Noriuandy,  is  the  chaly- 
beate spring  of  St.  Xantin,  much  used  in  the 
16th  and  17th  centuries. 

AIGLE,  ^-ias. 

AIGHE,  Acidulous — a.  Voix.     See  Acid. 

AIGUELET,  Acidulous. 

AIGRETTE,  Kumex  acetosa,  see  T^'pha 
latifolin. 

AIGREMOINE,  Agrimony. 

AIGREURS,  Acidities. 

AIGU,  Acute. 

AIGUES-CAUDES,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF,  Aigiic.i-chaudea,  EaiiJC  ehaiidex,  AqucB  cal'- 
idcB.  Sulphurous  springs,  about  six  miles  from 
Bonnes,  Basses  Pyrenees,  in  France:  five  in 
number,  the  temperature  of  which  is,  respec- 
tively, about  70°,  81°.  92°,  9:5°,  and  95°. 

AIGUILLE,  Needle — «.  d  Acnpiinctnre,  see 
Needle — a.  d  Ap/xireil,  see  Needle — n.  d  Bee  de 
Lievre,  see  Needle — «.  «  Calaiacte,  see  Needle 
— a.  de  Desehaiiipn,  see  Needle — a.  Engoinee,  see 
Needle — a.  d  Fintide,  see  Needle — a.  d  Gaine, 
see  Needle — a.  d  Ligature,  see  Needle — a.  d 
Maiiche,  see  Needle — a.  d  Seton,  see  Needle — a. 
d  Suture,  see  Needle. 

AIGUILLON    (E),     Spina    Ilelmon'tii.       A 


term  used  since  the  time  of  Van  Ilehnont  to 
designate  the  proximate  cause  of  inflammation. 
According  to  him,  ah  inflamed  part  is  in  the 
same  condition  as  if  an  aiyuillvn  or  thorn  were 
thrust  into  it. 

AIGUISER,  To  acidulate. 

AIL,  Allium. 

AILE,  Ala,  Aileron. 

AILERON  (F.),  Extrc'ma  Ala  seu  Piu'mdn, 
diminutive  of  (F.)  Aile,  a  wing.  The  extremity 
of  the  wing  of  a  bird,  to  which  the  great  feathers 
are  attached. 

AILERONS  DE  LA  MATRICE.  Three 
folds  at  the  base  of  the  broad  ligaments  of  the  ute- 
rus, which  are  occupied  by  the  ovary  and  its  liga- 
ment, the  Fallopian  tube,  and  the  round  ligament. 

AILING,  Sick,  Sickly. 

AILMENT,  Disease. 

AIMA,  'aifia,  see  H%ma. 

AIM  ANT,  Magnet. 

AIMATERA,  Hepatirrhoea. 

AIMORRIKEA,  IlKmorrhagia. 

AIMORRllOIS,  Hicmorrhois. 

AINE,  Inguen. 

AlPATHIA,  Continent  disease. 

AIPI,  Jatropha  manihot. 

AIPIMA  COXERA.  .Jatropha  manihot. 

AlPIPOCA,  Jatropha  manihot. 

AIR,  A'er,  Pneiinia,  from  aw,  'I  breathe.' 
Common  Air,  Atmonpheric  air,  (F.)  Air  atmoaphe- 
rique,  is  an  invisible,  transparent,  inodorous,  in- 
sipid, ponderable,  compressible,  and  elastic  fluid, 
which,  under  the  form  of  the  atmosphere,  sur- 
roun<ls  the  earth  to  the  height  of  15  or  10  leagues. 

Air  is  essentially  composed  of  two  gases,  oxy- 
gen and  nitrogen,  in  the  proportion  of  20  of  the 
former  to  80  of  the  latter.  Oxygen  is  the  vital 
portion,  but  the  nitrogen  is  necessary  to  dilute  it. 
Air  also  contains  a  small  portion  of  carbonic  acid 
gas,  and  has  always  floating  in  it  aqueous  va- 
pour, different  terrestrial  emanations,  etc.  Its 
effects  upon  the  human  body  vary  according  to 
its  greater  or  less  density,  temperature,  moisture, 
etc.;  hence,  change  of  air  is  found  extremely 
serviceable  in  the  prevention  and  cure  of  certain 
morbid  conditions.    See  Climate,  and  Respiration. 

AIR  ACIDE  VITRIOLIQUE,  Sulphurous 
acid — a.  Alcalin,  Ammonia — a.  Atinospheriqiie, 
Air. 

AiK  Bladder,  Sicim-hlndder,  Su'imming-hlod- 
der,  The  Swim,  (F.)  Vesnie  nntatoire.  An  ab- 
dominal organ  in  many  fishes,  sometimes  eom- 
munic-ating  by  means  of  a  duet,  Dnetua  pmeit- 
mat'ieun,  with  the  alimentary  canal,  at  others, 
not,  which  is  considered  by  some  to  belong  to 
the  respiratory  system.  Its  contents  are  the  ele- 
ments of  atmosi)heric  air,  but  in  different  propor- 
tions; and  its  chief  and  general  futiction  appears 
to  be  to  regulate  the  specific  gravity  of  the  fish. 

Air  Cells  of  the  Lu.ngs.  Bronchial  cells;  see 
Cellule — a.  Chamber,  P'olliculus  a3ris. 

Air,  Dephlogisticated,  Oxygen  —  a.  Empy- 
real, Oxvgen. 

AIR  JJU  FEU,  Oxygen. 

Air,  Factitious,  Carbonic  acid  —  a.  Fixed, 
Carbonic  acid  —  a.  Gate,  Azote  —  a.  Hepntique, 
Hydrogen  sulphuretted — a.  Inflammable,  Ily(lro- 
gen.  Hydrogen  carburetted  —  a.  Mephitic,  Car- 
bonic acid. 

Air  Passages,  (F.)  Voies  aerieiinen,  V.  aeri- 
fereH.     The  larynx,  trachea,  bronchia,  etc. 

AIR  PUANT,  Hydrogen,  sulphuretted. 

Aiu,  Pure,  Oxygen — a.  Solid,  of  Hales,  Car- 
bonic acid — a.  Vieie,  Azote — a.  Vital,  Oxygen. 

AIRAIN,  Bell-metal,  Brass. 

AIRE.  Areola. 

AIRELLE  ANGULEUSE,  Vacoinium  niyr- 
tillus — «.  Poneluee,  Vaccinium  vitis  idaea. 

AIRIGNE,  Hook. 


AIRTHRET 


42 


ALBUGINEOUS 


AIRTHREY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Airthrey  is  situate  about  two  miles  north  of 
Stirling,  Scotland.  The  waters  are  saline  ca- 
thartics; containing  chloride  of  sodium,  chloride 
of  calcium,  sulphate  of  zinc,  and  chloride  of  mag- 
nesium. 

A/SELLE,  Axilla. 

AISTllESIS,  ^sthesis. 

AITIIOMO'MA,  from  at%s,  'black.'  A  black 
condition  of  all  the  humours  of  the  eye.    A.  Pare. 

AITIA.  Cause. 

AITIOLOGY,  ^liologia. 

AITION,  Cause. 

AIX-LA-CHAPELLE,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Called  by  the  Germans,  Aachen.  A  ther- 
mal, sulphureous  mineral  water,  which  contains, 
in  ]000  grammes,  28.54  cubic  inches  of  sulpho- 
hydric  acid  gas,  18.05  cubic  inches  of  carbonic 
acid  gas,  0.1304  grammes  of  carbonate  of  lime, 
0.0440  grammes  of  carbonate  of  magnesia,  0.5444 
grammes  of  carbonate  of  soda,  2.1)697  grammes 
of  chloride  of  sodium,  0.2637  of  sulphate  of  soda, 
and  0.0705  of  silica.  The  temperature  is  134° 
Fahrenheit. 

The  factitious  water  of  Aix-la-ChnpeUe,  A' qua 
Aqniagranen'slt,  (F.)  Ean  d'Aix-la-Chapel/e,  is 
made  by  adding  jxo-e  water  f^xvijss,  to  hydro- 
sulphuretted  water  f.^iv.,  carbonate  of  soda  gr. 
XX,  chloride  of  sodium  gr.  ix. — Ph.  P. 

There  are  thermal  sulphureous  springs  at  Aix 
in  Savoy  (98°),  and  some  thermal  springs  at  Aix 
in  Provence  (91°). 

AIZOON,  Sempervivura  tectorum. 

A'JUGA,  A.  pi/ra?)iida'li8,  Consol'ida  me'dia, 
liii'gula,  D.  pi/r<tmida'lis,  Teu'crium pyrnmida'le, 
Vpriyht  Buijluss,  Middle  Coiisound,  (F.)  Bu(/le 
pi/ramidale.  This  plant  is  subastringent  and 
bitter. 

Ajuga  Chamjepitys,  Teucrium  chamaspitys. 

A.IUGA  Reptans,  Bn'gula,  B.  reptans,  Common 
Bni/le,  (F.)  Ihiyle  rampnnte,  has  similar  properties. 

AKATALIS,  Juniperus  communis. 

AKATERA,  Juniperus  communis. 

AKERATODIAPHANIE,  see  Caligo. 

AKINESIA,  Acinesia. 

AKNEMIA,  Acnemia. 

AKOLOGY,  Materia  Medica. 

AKRATOPEG^,  Acratopegae. 

AKSIS,  Intermittent  Fever. 

ALA,  Pinna,  Pteryx,  'a.  wing,'  (F.)  Aile.  A 
term  often  used  by  anatomists  for  parts  which 
project  like  a  wing  from  the  median  line;  as  the 
Ala  nasi,  Aim  of  the  uterus,  etc.  See  Axilla,  and 
Pavilion  of  the  Ear.     Also,  Pterygium. 

Ala  Extrema,  see  Aileron. 

ALABAMA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Tallahatta  springs  contain  sulphur,  and  salts  of 
iron,  lime,  and  magnesia.  But  the  most  noted 
are  those  of  Bladen.  See  Bladen,  Mineral  Wa- 
ters of.  Bailey's  spring  is  an  acidulo-sulphu- 
reous  chalybeate.  It  is  fourteen  miles  from  Tus- 
cumbia. 

ALABASTER,  Alahas'trum,  (F.)  Albdtre, 
Alahastri'tes.  A  variety  of  compact  gypsum ; 
of  which  an  ointment  was  once  made- — the  «n- 
f/ueii'tum  alabastri' num ;  used  as  a  discutient. 
Alabaster  likewise  entered  into  several  denti- 
frices. 

ALABASTRITES,  Alabaster. 

AL^E  INTERNEE  MINORES  CLITORIDIS, 
Nymphffi— a.  Magnae,  see  Sphenoid  bone — a.  Ma- 
jores.  Labia  pudendi — a.  Minores,  Nymphfe,  see 
Sphenoid  bone — a.  Muliebres  minores,  Nyraphse 
— a.  Nasi,  see  Nasus — a.  Pudendi  Muliebris,  La- 
bia pudendi — a.  Pulmonum,  see  Puhno — a.  of 
the  Uterus,  see  Ala — a.  Vespertilionis,  see  Uterus 

ALAISE,  Alhe. 

ALAITER.  from  (F.)  lait,  'milk.'    To  suckle. 

ALALIA,  Mutitas. 


ALA.Vnia  Alembic. 

ALANFU'TA.  A  name  given  by  the  Arnbiana 
to  a  vein,  situate  between  the  chin  and  lower  lip, 
which  they  were  in  the  habit  of  opening  in  cases 
of  f(etor  of  the  breath.— Avicennn. 

ALAQUE'CA.  The  Ilindoostanee  name  of  a 
stone,  found  in  small,  polished  fragments,  which 
is  considered  efficacious  in  arresting  liaMnorrhage 
when  applied  externally.    It  is  a  suljihurct  of  iron. 

ALARES  MUSCULI,  Pterygoid  muscles. 

Ala'kks  Ven^.  The  superficial  veins  at  the 
fold  of  the  arm. 

ALARIA  OSSA.  The  wing-like  processes  of 
the  sphenoid  bone. 

ALA'RIS,  Ala'tus,  Aliform'is;  from  ala,  'a 
wing.'     Wing-shaped,  winged. 

ALATERNUS,  COMMON,  Rhamnus  alater- 
nus — a.  Latifolius,  Rhamnus  alaternus. 

ALA'TUS,  J'terygo'des,  Homo  ala'tus.  One 
whose  scapuhc  project  backwards  like  wings. 

ALBA'DARAN,  Atdabaran.  The  sesamoid 
bone  of  the  metatarso-phalangal  joint  of  the 
great  toe.  The  Rabbis  and  Magicians  attributed 
extraordinary  virtues  to  it. — Arabians. 

ALBAGIAZI,  Sacrum. 

ALBAMENTUM,  Albumen  ovi. 

ALBAN,  SAINT,  MINERAL  AVATERS  OF. 
A  French  acidulous  chalybeate,  in  the  department 
of  the  Loire. 

ALBARAS  ALBA,  Lepra  alphoides — a.  Nigra, 
Lepra  nigricans. 

ALBARyES,  Lepra  alphoides. 

ALBAROS,  Lepra  alphoides. 

ALBATRE,  Alabaster. 

ALBEDO  UNGUIUM,  see  Nail, 

ALBIN  D'CEUF,  Albumen  ovi. 

ALBINISM,  see  Albino. 

ALBINISMUS,  see  Albino. 

ALBI'NO,  'White.'  Lencce'thiops,  uFjhinps 
alius,  Bondo,  from  alhus,  'white,'  (F.)  Blafaid, 
Negre-blanc.  A  Spanish  word  applied  to  indivi- 
duals of  the  human  race  who  have  the  skin  and 
hair  white  (Avhromodermie  and  Achromotricho- 
mie. — Piorry);  the  iris  very  pale,  bordering  on 
red;  and  the  eyes  so  sensible  that  they  cannot 
bear  the  light  of  day.  This  condition,  which  has 
been  called  Leuccethio'pia,  Alpha' sis  ^Ethiop'icn, 
Albino'is'mus,  Albinis'mus,  Al.'binism,  Kakerla- 
kism,  Leucopathi'a,  Leuco'sis,  is  seen  more  fre- 
quently in  the  Negro.  Both  sexes  are  exposed 
to  it.  It  does  not  seem  to  be  true  that  there  are 
tribes  of  Albinos  in  the  interior  of  Africa. 

ALBINOISMUS,  see  Albino. 

ALBOR  OVI,  Albumen  ovi. 

AL'BORA.  A  kind  of  itch  or  complicated 
leprosy. — Paracelsus. 

ALBOT,  Crucible. 

ALBOTIM,  Terebinthina. 

ALBUGIN^,  Albuginea,  Albugineous. 

ALBUGIN'EA,  A.  Testis,  Tu'nica  alhngiu'ea, 
Perites'tis,  Dura  mater  testis,  JUmbra'na  cajtsulii'- 
ris  testis.  (F.)  Allwgine,  Tunique  albugiine.  A 
Strong,  fibrous,  and  resisting  membrane,  which 
immediately  envelopes  the  testicle,  and  has,  at 
its  upper  part,  an  enlargement,  called  corpus 
Highmorianum.  From  its  inner  surface  it  sends 
off  a  number  of  flat,  filiform  prolongations  or 
septa,  between  which  are  contained  the  semi- 
niferous vessels.  Externally,  it  is  covered  by  the 
tunica  vaginalis  testis. 

ALBUGIN'EOUS,  yi;6w,7,-„'e»»,  'white,'  from 
albus,  (F.)  Albugini.  A  term  applied  to  textures, 
humours,  .fee.,  which  are  perfectly  white 

AlBUGIN'eous  Fibue,  (F.)  Fibre  albnginfie.  A 
name  given  by  Chaussier  to  what  he  con.siders 
one  of  the  four  elementary  fibres. 

The  albugineous  fibre  is  linear,  eylindricnl 
tenacious,  elastic,  but  little  extensible,  and  of  -i 
Bbinuig,  satiny  appearance.     It  forms  fasciae  or 


ALBUGINITIS 


43 


ALCIIEMILLA 


fapciouli,  which  constitute  the  tendons,  articular 
li.L'aiiients,  and  aponeuroses;  hence  the  name 
Alhiiiinirtiita  mtmidrrtnes,  given  by  Chaussier  to 
the  fibrous  mouibrancs. 

Giiuthier  considered,  that  the  rete  mucosum 
consists  of  four  layers,  to  two  of  which  he  gives 
the  names  memhra'na  nlbiirjiu'ea  pro/iin'da  and 
memhrn'nn  n/hnr/hi'ea  miperfii'Hi'lin,  respectively. 

ALBIKUNI'TIS,  (F.)  'Alh,uj!nite.  A  terra 
employed  by  some  authors  for  inflammation  of 
the  albugineous  tissue.  Thus,  gout  and  rheu- 
matism are  regarded  as  species  of  the  genus 
albiitrinitis. 

AL15UG0  OCULORUM,  Leucoma  — a.  Ovi, 
Albumen  ovi. 

A  LB  U  LA,  Leucoma. 

ALBUM  CANIS,  Album  grEccum  — a.  Ceti, 
Cetncoum. 

Album  Gr^cum,  Album  Cam's,  Cynoc'oprus, 
Spo'diiun  Graco'rum,  Stet-cus  Cani'inim  Album. 
The  white  dung  of  the  dog.  It  consists  almost 
wholly  of  phosphate  and  carbonate  of  lime,  from 
the  bones  used  as  food.  It  was  formerly  applied 
as  a  discutient  gargle  in  quinsies,  and  as  an  anti- 
epileptic;  but  is  now  justly  banished  from 
practice. 

Album  Nigrum.  The  excrement  of  the  mouse. 

Album  Oculi,  see  Sclerotic. 

Album  Riiazis.  A  white  ointment  made  of 
cerusse  and  lard,  prescribed  by  the  Arabian  phy- 
sician Rhazes. 

ALBU'MEN,  Leuco'mrt,  Ooni'ne,  Ozemnn,  from 
alhiis,  'white.'  (F.)  Albniiiine.  An  immediate 
principle  of  animals  and  vegetables,  which  con- 
stitutes the  chief  part  of  the  white  of  egg.  It  is 
found  in  the  scrum,  chyle,  synovia,  serous  fluids, 
Ac.  There  is  not  much  difl"erence  in  chemical 
composition  between  animal  and  vegetable  albu- 
men, fibrin  and  casein.  Also,  the  white  of  the 
eye.     See  Sclerotic. 

Albu'hen  Ovi,  Ovalbn'men,  Albn'men,  Albn'- 
mor,  Albii'ijo  seu  Albor  seu  Can'didum  Ovi, 
Clare' ta,  Ovi  alb im  liquor,  Albumen' turn,  Lac  avis, 
white  of  egg,  (F.)  Blnnc  d'a-uf,  (Old  F.)  Albin 
d'opuf,  is  used  in  pharmacy  for  suspending  oils, 
Ac,  in  water.     See  Ovum. 

Albumen,  Salivary,  see  Saliva.  -• 

ALBU}[[NE,  Albumen  —  a.  Cerebrale,  Neu- 
rinc — a.  dn  Ccrreau,  Neurine. 

ALBU'MINOID,  AlbtnninoV d€s,iTom  albumen, 
and  cirto?, '  resemblance.'  Resembling  albumen,  as 
fibrin,  casein,  <fec.  It  is  often  applied  to  aliments 
in  the  same  sense  as  proteinous. 

ALBU'MINOSE.  The  soluble  principle  of 
fibrin,  identical  with  the  dominant  principle  of 
the  white  of  egg. — Bouchardat.  According  to 
others,  the  ultimate  product  of  the  transformation, 
in  the  stomach,  of  albuminoid  matters,  which 
renders  them  fit  for  assimilation  and  nutrition. 
Albuminose  is  not  coagulable  by  heat,  and  incom- 
pletely so  by  acids ;  an  excess  of  acid  dissolving 
the  precipitate.  Robin  and  Verdeil  regard  it  as 
synonymous  with  the  casein  of  the  small  intestine 
ofTiedeinann  and  (imcWn,  i\iC  gelatiniform  matter 
of  the  intestine  of  Provost  and  Morin,  and  the 
casein  of  the  blood  of  Dumas.     See  Peptone. 

ALBUMINO'SIS.  A  condition  of  the  blood, 
in  which  the  ratio  of  albumen  is  increased,  as  in 
abdominal  typhus,  variola,  rubeola,  Ac.  Moser 
and  Strahl. 

ALBUMINU'RIA.  A  hybrid  term  from  'albu- 
men,' and  ovpov,  'the  urine.'  A  condition  of  the 
urine  in  which  it  contains  albumen,  the  presence 
of  which  is  indicated  by  its  coagulation  on  the 
application  of  adequate  heat.  See  Kidney, 
Briu'ht's  disease  of  the. 

ALBUMIXU'RIC,  Albuminu'ricua,  (F.)  Albu- 
miniiriqur.  Relating  or  appertaining  to  albumi- 
nuria.    One  labouring  under  Albuminuria. 


ALBmriNURORRHEE,  Kidney,  Bright's 
disease  of  the. 

ALBU.MOR,  Albumen  ova. 

AL'CAEST,  Al'cahest,  Al'chaest,  perhaps  from 
(G.)  all,  'all,'  and  geist,  'spirit.'  A  word  in- 
vented by  Paracelsus  to  designate  a  liquor,  which, 
according  to  him,  was  capable  of  removing  every 
kind  of  swelling. 

The  same  word  was  used  by  Van  Helmont  for 
a  fancied  universal  solvent,  capable  of  reducing 
every  body  to  its  elements. 

Alcaest  op  Glauber  is  a  thick  liquor  ob- 
tained by  detonating  nitrate  of  potassa  on  hot 
coals,  which  transforms  it  into  subcarbonate  of 
potassa. 

Alcaest  op  Respouk  is  a  mixture  of  potassa 
and  oxyd  of  zinc. 

ALCAHEST,  Alcaest. 

ALCAHOL,  Alcohol. 

ALCALES'CENCE.  Alhahs'cence,  Alcahscen'. 
tia.  The  condition  in  which  a  fluid  becomes 
alkaline. 

Alcalescence  of  the  Humours  was  an  old 
notion  of  the  humourists.  It  can  only  occur 
during  the  putrid  fermentation  of  animal  mat- 
ters, which  contain  azote,  and  produce  ammonia. 
Alcalin'ity  is  the  quality  of  being  alcaline. 

AL'CALI  or  Ako'li,  Al'kull,  from  al  [Arab.,) 
'the,'  and  kali,  the  name  of  the  Saho'la  Soda, 
a  plant  which  contains  a  large  quantity  of  one 
of  the  principal  alkalis — soda.  The  alkalis  are 
substances  soluble  in  water,  possessing  generally 
a  urinous,  acrid,  and  caustic  taste,  turning  the 
syrup  of  violets  green,  and  restoring  to  blue  in- 
fusion of  litmus,  which  has  been  reddened  by 
acids;  reddening  the  yellow  of  turmeric,  and 
having  the  greatest  tendency  to  unite  with  acids, 
whose  character  they  modify,  and  form  salts  with 
them.  In  medicine  we  understand  by  this  term 
Potassa,  Soda,  or  Ammonia. 

Alcali,  Caustic,  Al'kali  Caus'ticum.  A  pure 
alkali.     One  deprived  of  its  carbonic  acid. 

Alcalis,  Fixed,  Soda  and  potassa;  Volatile 
Alcali,  Ammonia. 

Alcali  Ammoniacum  Acetatum,  Liquor  ara- 
moniae  acetatis — a.  Ammoniacum  fluidurn.  Liquor 
ammoniae — a.  Fixum  tartarizatum.  Potassae  tar- 
tras — a.  Minerale  sulphuricum,  Soda,  sulphate 
of — a.  Tartar!  aceto  saturatum,  Potassae  acetas — ■ 
a.  Vegetabile  salito  dephlogisticatum,  Potassae 
murias  hyperoxygenatus — a.  Vegetabile  tartari- 
zatum, Potassae  tartras — a.  Vegetabile  vitriola- 
tum,  Potassae  sulphas — a.  Volatile  acetatum,  Li- 
quor ammonia}  acetatis  —  a.  Volatile  aeratum, 
Ammoniae  carbonas — a.  Volatile  ex  sale  ammo- 
niaco,  Ammoniae  carbonas. 

ALCALIGENE,  Azote. 

ALCALINITY.     See  Alkalescence. 

AL'CALOID ;  from  alcali  and  £1^05,  'form.' 
A  name  given  to  the  organic  alcalis  to.distinguish 
them  from  the  mineral,  from  which  they  differ  as 
regards  composition  and  general  properties  ; — 
having  nothing  in  common  but  their  basic  pro- 
perties. Brucia,  Smetia,  Morphia,  Strychnia, 
itc,  are  alcaloids. 

ALCANA.  Anchusa  ofiicinalis. 

ALCANNA  MA.TOR  LATIFOLIA  DENTA- 
TA,  Prinos — a.  Orientalis.  Lawsonia  inermis — a. 
Spuria,  Anchusa  tinctoria — a.  Vera,  Lawsonia 
inermis. 

ALCEA.  Hibiscus  abelmoschus — a.  j^gyptiaca, 
Hibiscus  abelmoschus — a.  Indica,  Hibiscus  abel- 
moschus. 

Al'cea  Ro'sea.  Common  holli/hock,  Hoc,  Hocks. 
Emollient,  like  Althaea. 

ALCHACHENGE,  Phvsalis. 

ALCIIACMTL,  Rosmarinus. 

ALCHAEST.  Alcahcst. 

ALCHEMIL'LA,  said  to  have  been  celebrated 


ALCHEMY 


44 


•with  the  Alchemists  [?],  supposed  by  some  to  be 
of    Arabic    derivation.       A.    vuhju'ris.    Common 
Ladiea'  Mantle,  Pea  Lcn'nis,  Leinitopo'dium,  (F.) 
Pied  de  Liun.     Formerly  iu  great  repute  as  an 
astringent  in  hemorrhage. 
ALCHEMY,  Alcbymv. 
ALCHITllAM,  see  Pinus  Sylvestris. 
ALCHITURA,  see  Pinus  Sylvestris. 
ALCOIIOOL,  Alcohol. 

ALCIIORXEA  LATIFOLIA,  see  Alcornoque. 
AL'CIIYMY,  Al'chetny,  Akhemi'a,  Alchimi'a, 
Adep'la  Phihjsoph'ia,  from  al,  an  Arabic  par- 
ticle, signifying,  'superiority,  excellence,'  and 
Chimia,  '  Chyniistrv.'  This  word  was  formerly 
synonymous  with  Ciiymi.stry  ;  but,  from  the  7th 
century,  it  has  been  applied  to  the  mysterious  art 
of  endeavouring  to  discover  a  universal  remedy, 
and  a  mode  of  transmuting  the  baser  metals  into 
gold :  an  operation  to  which  they  gave  the  name 
Opus  miKjuum,  and  Philosopher's  stone. 

Alchyiny  has  also  been  called  Scien'tia  vel 
PhiloHoph'ia  Hermet'ica,  from  an  idea  that  Her- 
mes or  Mercury  was  its  inventor. 

Harris  has  well  defined  this  chimerical  art: 
'Ars  sine  arte,  cujua  jirincipiunx  est  mentiri,  me- 
dium laborare,  et  finis  mendicare.' 

Al'chymist,  (Old  Eng.)  Alh/mistre,  Flatua'- 
riiis,  Adept'.  One  pretending  to  alchymy. 
ALCOCALUM,  Cynara  scolymus. 
AL'COHOL,  Al'cnhol,  Alchool,  Alhol,  Alcol, 
Al'cool,  Al'kool.  An  Arabic  word,  formerly  used 
fur  an  impalpable  powder,  and  signifying  '  very 
subtile,  much  divided.'  At  the  present  day  it  is 
applied  to  highly  rectified  spirit  of  wine:  —  see 
^piritns  rectificatus  or  rectified  spirit,  distilled 
from  dried  subcarbonate  of  potassa.  In  the  Ph. 
U.  S.,  Alcohol  is  rectified  spirit  of  the  specific 
gravity  0.835.^  The  Dublin  college  has  a  spiritus 
yord'or,  used  in  the  preparation  of  certain  essences, 
whose  specific  gravity  is  .818.  Alcohol,  absolute 
alcohol,  of  the  Edinburgh  and  Dublin  Pharma- 
copoeias, is  of  specific  gravity  .797. 

Alcohol  is  an  inflammable  liquor,  lighter  than 
water,  of  a  warm,  acrid  taste,  colourless,  trans- 
parent, and  of  a  pungent,  aromatic  smell.  It  is 
the  product  of  the  distillation  of  vinous  liquors  ; 
is  miscible  with  water  in  all  proportions,  and  is 
the  direct  solvent  of  resins,  balsams,  &c.  Various 
other  vegetable  principles  are  soluble  in  it,  and 
hence  it  is  used,  in  different  states  of  concentra- 
tion, in  the  preparation  of  elixirs,  tinctures,  es- 
sences, &c. 

Alcohol  acts  on  the  animal  body  as  a  powerful 
stimulus  :  as  such,  in  a  dilute  form,  it  is  used  in 
the  prevention  and  cure  of  disease.  Its  habitual 
and  inordinate  use  is  the  cause  of  many  serious 
affections,  of  a  chronic  character  especially,  as 
visceral  obstructions,  dropsy,  &o. 

Alcohol,  absolutk,  see  Alcohol  —  a.  ^the- 
reus  Ferratus,  A.  Sulfurico-aethereus  ferri  —  a. 
cum  Aloe  perfoliata,  Tinetura  aloes  —  a.  Am- 
inoniae  et  guaiaci,  Tinetura  guaiaci  ammoniata 
—  a.  Ammoniatum,  Spiritus  ammonia;  —  a.  Am- 
Tioniatum  aromaticura,  Spiritus  ammonia;  aro- 
inaticus  —  a.  Ammoniatum  foetidum,  Spiritus 
nminoniai  fnetidus  —  a.  Aniylicum,  Oil,  fusel  — 
a.  cum  Aromatibus  sulphuricatus,  Sulphurieum 
acidum  aromaticum- — a.  cum  Aromatibus  compo- 
situs,  Tinetura  cinnamomi  composita — a.  Casto- 
riatum,  Tinetura  castorei — a.  cum  Crotone  casca- 
rilla,  Tinetura  cascarilloe — a.  Dilutum,  Spiritus 
tenuior — a.  Ferratus,  Tinetura  ferri  muriatis — 
a.  cum  Sulphate  ferri  tartarisatus,  see  Ferrum 
tiirtarisatum — a.  cum  Guaiaco  officinale  ammo- 
niatus,  Tinetura  guaiaci  ammoniata  —  a.  lodii, 
Tinetura  lodinse  —  a.  cum  Opio,  Tinetura  opii 
— a.  Methylic,  Spiritus  Pyroxylicus — a.  Pyroxylic 
Spiritus  Pyroxylicus — a.  Sulphuricatum,  Elixir 
acidum  Halleri — a.  Sulphurieum,  Elixir  acidum 


ALEIMMA 

Halleri— a.  Sulphuris,  Carbonis  sulphuretum— a, 
Vini,  Spiritus  rectificatus  — a.  Wood,  bpintus 
pyroxylicus.  c   •  / 

ALCOHOL'IC,  Alcohol' icna,  Spirituo  sus,Aptr  - 
ituous.  (F.)  Alcooliqne.  Kelating  to  or  contain- 
ing  alcohol— as  an  alcoholic  drink  or  remedy. 

ALCOHOLISM'US,   Al'coholism,    (F.),    Alco. 
olisme.     The  series  of  morbid    phenomena  pro- 
duced by  the  use  of  alcoholic  liquors. 
ALCOL,  Alcohol. 
ALCOLyE,  Aphthae. 
ALCOL  AT,  Alcoolat. 

ALCOOL,  Alcohol— a.  Camphri,  Spiritus  cam- 
phorae. — a.  de  Son/re,  Carbonis  sulphuretum. 

ALCOOLAT,  Spirit.  It  now  generally  signi- 
fies alcohol,  charged,  by  distillation,  with  the  vola- 
tile principles  of  certain  substances,  or  a  distilled 
spirit, — Alcolat  {Codex  med.  of  Paris). 

ALCOOLATUM,  Tincture — a.  Antiseorbuti- 
cum,  Tinetura  de  Cochleariis  —  a.  Carminativum 
Sylvii,  Tinetura  de  Cochleariis — a.  de  Croco  com- 
positum,  Tinetura  de  Croco  composita. 

ALCOOLATURE,  Teintnre  avec  les  plantea 
fraiches.  A  name  given  by  M.  Bcral  to  certain 
preparations  introduced  by  iiim,  which  consist  of 
alcohol,  charged,  by  maceration,  with  the  soluble 
principles  of  fresh  plants.     See  Tincture. 

ALCOOLE.    A  name  given,  in  the  new  French 
pharmaceutical    nomenclature,  to  medicines  re- 
sulting  from    the    solvent  action   of  alcohol  on 
different  substances,  or  from  its  admixture  with 
liquids  which  unite  with  it  in  all  proportions. 
See  Tincture. 
ALCOOLE  SUCRE,  Ratafia. 
ALCOOLIQUE,  Alcoholic. 
ALCOOLISER  (P.)  Formerly, '  to  reduce  into 
an  impalpable  powder.'     No  longer  used. 
ALCbOLISME,  Alcoholismus. 
ALCOOLOMETER,  Areometer. 
ALCOOMBTER,  Areometer. 
ALCORNOQUE  {¥.),  Cortex  Alcornoco.    The 
bark  of  Alchor'nea  latifu'lia,  of  Jamaica,  which 
has  been  considered  capable  of  curing  phthisis. 
It  is  bitter,  tonic,  and  slightly  astringent.     Dose 
of  the  powder  ^i  to  ^ss. 

AL'CYON,  Hal'cyon.  A  swallow  of  Cochin 
China,  whose  nest  is  gelatinous  and  very  nutri- 
tious. It  has  been  proposed  in  medicine  as  ana- 
leptic and  aphrodisiac. 

ALCYO'NIUM,   Bastard   sponge.     The  ashes 
were  formerly  employed  as  dentrifiees  :  tliey  were 
believed  proper  for  favoring  the  growth   of  the 
hair  and  beard,  and  were  used  in  Alopecia. 
ALDABARAN,  Albadaran. 
ALDEHYDE,  see  Anassthetic. 
ALDER,  AMERICAN,    Alnus    serratula  — a. 
Black,  Prinos,  Rhamnus  frangula — a.  European. 
Alnus  glutinosa — a.  White,  Clethra  alnifolia. 
ALE,  Cerevisia. 

Ale,  White.     A  drink,  used  in   Devonshire, 
England,  amongst  the  ingredients  of  which  are 
milk,  spice,  and  spirit. 
ALEACAS,  Glycyrrhiza. 

ALEBERRY.     A  beverage,  formerly  made  by 
boiling  ale  with   spice  and   sngar,  and   sops  of 
bread.     It  was  given  to  invalids. — Palsgrave. 
ALECOST,  Tanaeetum  balsamita. 
ALECTO'RIUS     LAPIS,    Alecto'ria ;     from 
a^cKTtap,  '  a  cock.'    The  name  of  a  stone,  supposed 
to  exist  in  the  stomach  of  the  cock,  or,  according 
to  others,  in  that  of  the  capon,  four  years  old. 
Many  marvellous  properties  were  formerly  attri- 
buted to  it,  which  are  as  groundless  as  its  exist- 
ence.   There  are  no  stones  in  the  stomach,  except 
what  have  been  swallowed. 
ALEGAR,  Acetum. 
ALEHOOF,  Glechoma  hederacea. 
ALEIMMA,  Liniment. 


ALEIPHA 


4  5 


ALIMENT 


ALEIPnA,  Liniment. 

ALEIPTK'llIUM,  from  aXn^w,  'I  anoint.' 
The  place  in  the  ancient  gymnasium  where  the 
coinbahints  anointed  themselves. 

ALEIP'TKOX.      Same   etymon.     A   box   for 
containing  ointments. 
ALE  MA.  Farina. 

ALEM'IjIC  (Ar'tb.),  Mnorshead,  Cnpitel'lttm, 
Capil'ii/ 11)11,  Am'blcuH,  (F.)  Alnmhic.  A  utensil 
made  of  glass,  metal,  or  earthen  ware,  adapted 
for  distillation.  A  atiU.  It  consists  of  a  body 
or  cucurbit,  (F.)  CHCnrbite,  chandiere,  to  which  is 
attached  a  head  or  capital,  (F.)  chapiteau,  and 
out  of  this  a  benk  descends  laterally  to  be  inserted 
into  the  receiver,  worm,  condenser,  or  refrigera- 
tor,  (F.)  serpeutin,  refrigerant,  as  the  case  may 
be. 

ALEM'BROTH  ,{Salt.)  Sal   Alembroth.     The 
alchyniists    designated    by    this    name,    and    by 
those  of  Stxl  aapien'tioB,  Sal  rirtia,  Sal  vitcB  and 
.S'.  Scienti(P.,  the  product  resulting  from  the  sub- 
limation of  a  mixture  of  corrosive  sublimate  and 
sal  ammoniac.    It  is  stimulant,  but  not  employed. 
ALESE  (F.),  Aleze,    Alaise,    Lin'teum,    from 
a>.c(u),  '  I  preserve.'    A  guard.    A  cloth  arranged 
in  several  folds,  and  placed  upon  a  bed,  so  as  to 
(juard  it  from  the  lochial  or  other  discharges. 
ALETON.  Farina. 
ALKTRIS,  A.  farinosa. 

Al'iotkis  (Ph.  U.  S.),  A.  Farxno'aa  seu  alba, 
Stargrass,  Starwort,  Blazing  star.  Aloe-root, 
liitter-grnss,  Black  root.  Unicorn  root,  Ague  root. 
Ague  f/rass,  Colic  root.  Devil's  bit,  Me(dy  slanoort, 
(F.)  Aletris.  Nat.  Ord.  Asphodeleae.  Sex.  Si/st. 
llexandria  Monogynia.  This  plant  is  an  intense 
and  permanent  bitter,  and  is  used  as  a  tonic  and 
stomachic.     It  is  common  in  the  United  States. 

Aletius  alba,  Aletris — a.  Aurea;  indigenous 
— has  similar  virtues. 
ALEUROX.  Farina. 
ALKUROTESrS,  see  Cribration. 
ALEXANDERS,  Smyrnium  olusatrum. 
ALEXANDRI   ANTIDOTES  AUREA.     See 
Alexiindrinfc. 

ALEXAN'DRINE,  Emplas'trum  Alexan'dri. 
A  garlic  plaster,  invented  by  Alexander,  contem- 
porary of  Mesne.  Other  ancient  preparations 
were  called  '  Alexandrine  ;'  as  the  Alexan'dri 
antid'otus  au'rea,  used  in  apoplexy  ;  the  Collyr'- 
ium  siccittn  Alexandri'num,  or  'Collyrium  of  King 
Alexander,'  mentioned  by  Aetius. 

ALEXICACUM,  Amuletum,  Alexipharmic. 
ALEXIPHAR'MIC,  Alexiphar'mocus,  Anti- 
phar'maens,  Alexica'cus,  Caco-alexite' ria,  Lexi- 
phar'macus,  (F.)  Alexiphartnaque,  from  a\c^civ, 
'  to  repel,'  and  (pap/iaKov,  '  poison.'  A  term  for- 
merly used  for  medicines  which  were  considered 
proper  for  expelling  from  the  body  various  mor- 
bific principles,  or  for  preventing  the  bad  effects 
of  poisons  taken  inwardly. 

ALEXIPYRETICUS,  Febrifuge. 
ALEXIR,  Elixir. 

ALEXITE'RIA,  Cacalexite'ria,  from  aXtlaa^at, 
'  to  assist.'  Originally,  alexilerium  was  used 
synonymously  with  remedy.  In  more  modern 
times  it  has  been  applied  to  a  class  of  medicines, 
that  counteract  poisons  placed  in  contact  with 
the  exterior  of  the  body,  in  contradistinction  to 
alexipharmic. 

ALEXITERIUM   CIILORICUM,   see   Disin- 
fection— a.  Nitricum,  see  Disinfection. 
ALEZE,  Aleae. 
ALFUSA,  Tutia. 
ALGA  MARINA,  Pila  marina. 
ALGAL IC,  Catheter. 
ALtJALIE,  Catheter. 

AL'GAROTII,  Al'garot,  Algaro'thi  Pulvis, 
Puhie  Awjel'icus,  Ox'idum  seu  Submu'rias  Slib'ii 


prcecipitan'do  para'tum,  Antimo'nii  Ox'ydum, 
Ox'idum  antimo'nii  Nitro-inuriat'icum,  O.c'idum 
Slib'ii  Ac"ido  Muriat'ico  oxygena'to  para  tun, 
Mercu'rius  Vita,  Mercu'rins  Mortis,  Flowers  of 
Antimony,  (F.)  Oryde  d'Anlimoine,  so  called  from 
Victor  Algarothi,  a  Veronese  physician  ;  sepa- 
rated from  the  terchloride  of  antimony  by  pouring 
the  terchloride  into  a  large  quantity  of  water. 
When  this,  an  oxychloride,  is  washed  with  abun- 
dance of  water  to  separate  the  muriatic  acid,  and 
afterwards  by  a  solution  of  alkali  to  remove  tbe 
terchloride,  the  teroxide  of  antimony,  Antimo- 
nii  Oxidum  of  the  Edinburgh  Pharmacopoeia  is 
left.  It  was  formerly  much  used  as  an  emetic, 
purgative,  and  diaphoretic. 

ALGE'DO,  from  a\yo{,  'pain.'     Violent  pain 
about  the  neck  of  the  bladder,  occasionally  oc- 
curring in  gonorrhoea. — Cockburn. 
Algedon,  Pain. 
ALGBMA,Pain. 
ALGESIS,  Pain. 
ALGETICUS,  SeeAlgos. 

AL'GIDUS,  from  a/gor,  '  co\di.'  (¥.)  Algide. 
That  which  is  accompanied  by  coldness. 

Al'gida  Febkis,  Febris  horrif'ica  seu  hor'- 
rida  seu  (juer'quera  seu  crymo'des,  Bry'cetus, 
Bry'chetus.  (F.)  Fievre  algide,  Algid  Fecer.  A 
pernicious  intermittent,  accompanied  by  icy  cold- 
ness, which  is  often  fatal  in  the  second  or  third 
paroxysm. 

ALGOR,  Rigor. 

ALGOS,  aAyot,  'pain.'  See  Pain.  Hence, 
Alget'icus,  'painful,'  as  Epilep'sia  ahjet'ica.  The 
suflix  algia  has  the  same  signification  —  as  in 
Cephalalgia,  I'leurali/ia,  Neuralgia,  &c. 

ALGOSPAS'MUS',  from  aAyoj,  'pain,'  and 
(j-Kaajioi,  '  spasm.'  Painful  spasm  or  cramp  of  tho 
muscles. 

ALGUE  COMMUNE,  Pilamarina— a.  3Tarine, 
Pila  marina — a.  des  Verriers,  Pila  marina. 
ALHAGI,  Agul. 

ALHANDAL,  see  Cucumis  colocynthis. 
ALHASEF,  Sudamina. 
ALHAUNE,  Lawsonia  inermis. 
ALIBILIS,  Nutritious. 

AL'ICA,  Hal'ica,  Farina'rium,  Chondrug,  from 
alcre,  'to  nourish.'  A  grain  from  which  the  an- 
cients made  their  tisanes;  supposed,  by  some,  to 
have  been  the  Triticum  sjyelta.  At  times,  it 
seems  to  have  meant  the  tisane  itself. 

AL'ICES,  from  aXifw,  'I  sprinkle.'  Spots 
which  precede  the  eruption  of  small  pox. 

ALIENATIO.  Anomalia— a.  Mentis,  Insanity. 
ALIENATION,  MENTAL,  Insanity. 
ALIENATES,  Insane. 
ALIENE,  Insane. 
ALIENISTE,  see  Psychiatria. 
ALIENDS,  Delirious. 

ALIFORMES  MUSCULL  Pterygoid  muscles. 
ALIFORMIS,  Alaris,  Pterygoid. 
ALIGULUS,  Confection. 
ALIMA,  Aliment. 
ALIMELL^,  Parotid. 

AL'IMENT,  Alimen'tum,  Al'ima,  Bnrma'lia, 
Nutri' men,  A'u'triens,  SuKtentac'ulum,  Ciba'rium, 
Broma,  Comis'te,  Oibus,  Esca,  N^utri'tu^,  Nutri- 
men'tum,  Sitos,  Trophe.  (Prov.)  Belly-timber. 
(F.)  Aliment,  Nnurriture,  from  alere,  'to  nourish.' 
Food.  Any  substance  which,  if  introduced  into 
the  system,  is  capable  of  nourishing  it  and  repair- 
ing its  losses. 

The  study  of  aliments  forms  one  of  the  most 
important  branches  of  hygiene.  They  are  con- 
iined  to  the  organized  kingdom, —  the  mineral 
aflFording  none. 

As   regards   the   immediate  principles  which 


ALIMENTAL 


46 


ALLENTIIESIS 


predominate    in    their   composition,    they   have 
been  classed,  but  imperfectly,  as  follows : — 


1.  Feculaceous, 


TABLE  OF  ALIMENTS. 

Wheat,  barley,  oats,  rye,  rice,  In- 
potato,   sago,   peas, 


Mucilaginous. 
Saccharine. 


i  Wheat,  barley 

<  iiinn    coru, 
(      beans,  <te. 
I  Carrot,  salsify, bt 

<  pus,  cabbage, 
(      melon,  Ac. 


Carrot,  salsify,  beet,  turnip,  a.«para- 
lettuce,  artichoke, 


4.  Acidulous. 
5. 


Suprar.  fig,  date,  raisin,  apricot.  &c. 

Orange,  currant,  gooseberry,  cher- 
ry, peach,  strawberry,  raspberry, 
mulberry,  prune,  pear,  apple, 
sorrel,  &c. 


r>u„„,\,^„. ,j(  Cocoa,  olive,  sweet  almond,  nut, 

Vieaqinnus    ana}      „  ,      .        ■      ■  *■  .     -i   u   *» 
j^^ilfy  <      walnut,  animal  fat,  oil,  butter, 

(      &c. 

Different  kinds  of  milk,  cheese. 

Tendon,   aponeurosis,   true   skin, 

cellular    texture;    very    young 

animal.s. 

Brain,  nerve,  eggs,  &c. 

9.  Fibrinous.  Flesh  and  blood. 


Gelatinous. 


Albuminous. 
Fibrinous. 


Dr.  Prout  has  four  great  classes — the  aqueous, 
saccharine,  oleaginous,  and  albuminous:  —  Dr. 
Pereira,  twelve  —  the  aqueous,  mucilaginous  or 
gummy,  saccharine,  amylaceous,  ligneous,  pecti- 
tiaceous,  acidulous,  alcoholic,  oily  or  fatty,  pro- 
teinaceous,  gelatinous,  and  saline. 

Liebig  divides   them   into  two  classes:  —  the 

NITROGK.VIZED    Or    PLASTIC    ELEMENTS    OF    NUTRI- 

Tio.N,  in  which  he  comprises  vegetable  fibrin, 
vegetable  albumen,  vegetable  casein,  flesh  and 
blood  ;  and  the  non-nitrogbnized  elements  of 
RESPIRATIO.V,  in  which  he  comprises/af,  starch, 
yum,  cane  sugar,  grape  sugar,  sugar  of  milk,  pec- 
tin, bnssorin,  wine,  beer  and  spirits.  The  former 
alone,  in  his  view,  are  inservient  to  the  nutrition 
of  organized  tissue  :  the  latter  are  burnt  in  respi- 
ration, and  furnish  heat. 

The  following;  simple  arrangement  is,  perhaps, 
as  little  objectionable  as  any  : — 


1.  NUrngp.nized  AH 
(^Albuminous 


'ments,  S 

,  of  Prout.)  J  I 


Fibrinous  (Glutinous?) 

Albuminous. 

Caseinous. 

I  Amylaceous. 
2.  Nbn-nilrogenized  Aliments,  <  Saccharine. 

(  Oleaginous. 

The  second  division  might  be  still  farther  sim- 
plified, inasmuch  as  amylaceous  aliments  are 
convertible  into  sugar  during  the  digestive  pro- 
cess; and,  from  both,  oleaginous  matter  may  be 
formed. 

ALIMENTAL,  Nutrimental. 

ALIiMENTARY,  Nutrimental— a.  Tube,  Canal, 
alimentarv. 

ALIMENTATION,  Alimenta' tio.  The  act  of 
nourishing. 

ALIMENTEUX,  Nutrimental. 

ALIMENTUM,  Aliment,  Pabulum. 

ALIMOS,  Giycyrrhiza. 

ALINDE'SIS,  from  a\ivioyiai,  'to  be  turned 
about.'  A  species  of  exercise,  which  consisted 
in  rolling  in  the  dust,  after  having  been  anointed 
with  oil. — Hippocrates. 

ALIPJE'NOS,  AUpcB'num,  Alipan'tos,  from  a, 
priv.,  and  \inavuv,  '  to  be  fat.'  An  epithet  for- 
merly given  to  every  external  remedy,  devoid  of 
fat  or  moisture  :  such  as  powders. — Galen. 

ALIPANTOS,  Aliptenos. 

ALIP'TA,  Alip'tes,  from  oAti^o).  'I  anoint.' 
He  who  anointed  the  Atbletae  after  bathing. 
The  place  where  this  was  done  was  called  Alip- 
te'rium. 

ALIPTERIUM,  see  Alipta. 

ALIP'TICA,  same  etymon.  The  part  of  an- 
cient medicine,  which  treated  of  inunction  as  a 
means  of  preserving  health. 

ALfSfER  BLANC,  Cratsegus  aria. 

ALISMA,  A.  plantago.  Arnica  montana  —  a. 


Graminifolia,    A.   plantago — a.    Lanccolata,   A. 
plantago. 

Alis'ma  Planta'go,  Aiisma,  A.  la nceola'ta  seu. 
gruminifii'lia,  Planta'go  aquat'ica,  Water  Plan- 
tain, (F.)  Plantain  d'Eau.  Ord.  Alismacea;. 
Sex.  Syst.  Hexandria  Polygynia.  The  fresh  root 
is  acrid,  and  the  dried  leaves  will  vesicate.  The 
I  leaves  have  been  proposed  as  substitutes  for  Uva 
t  Ursi. 

ALITURA,  Nutrition. 

AL'KALE,  O'leum  G<dU'ncB.  An  ancient  phar- 
maceutical name  for  pullets'  fat. 

ALKALE.SCENCE,  Alcalescenee. 

ALKALI,  see  Alcali  —  a.  Ainmoniacum  caus- 
ticum.  Ammonia  —  a.  Amnioniacum  spirituosum, 
Spiritus  ammoniaj — a.  Minerale  nitratuni.  Soda, 
nitrate  of  —  a.  Minerale  phosphoratum,  Soda, 
phosphate  of — a.  Minerale  salinuui,  Soda,  mu- 
riate of — a.  Vegetable,  Potash — a.  Vegetabile  cum 
aceto,  PotassiB  acetas — a.  Vegetabile  fixum  caus- 
ticum,  Potassa  fusa  —  a.  Volatile,  Ammonia  —  a. 
Volatile  causticum,  Ammonia — a.  Volatile,  con- 
crete, Aminoniae  carbonas — a..  Volatile,  mild,  Am- 
moniiB  carbonas — a.  Volatile  nitratum,  Ammoniis 
nitras — a.  Volatile  tartarizatum,  Ammonias  tartras 
— a.  Volatile  vitriolatum,  AmmoniaB  sulphas. 

ALKANET,  BASTARD,  Lithospermum  offici- 
nale—  a.  Dyer's,  Anchusa  tinctoria  —  a.  Garden, 
Anchusa  officinalis  —  a.  Officinal,  Anchusa  offici- 
nalis. 

ALK.AR,  Medicament. 

ALKEKEN(JI,  Physalis. 

ALKER'MES,  Oonfec'tio  Alher'mes,  Alcher'- 
mes.  A  celebrated  electuary,  composed  of  a  mul- 
titude of  substances.  It  was  so  called  from  tlie 
grains  of  kermes  contained  in  it.  It  was  used 
as  a  stimulant.     Also,  kermes. 

ALKERVA,  see  Ricinus  communis. 

ALKITRAN,  Cedria. 

ALKOL,  Alcohol. 

ALKOOL.  Alcohol. 

ALKYMISTRE,  Alchymist. 

ALLA,  Cerevisia. 

ALLA ITEM E NT,  Lactation. 

ALLAMAN'DA,  A.  Cathar'tica  seu  qrandi- 
flo'ra,  Ore'lia  grandiflo'ra,  Gal'arips,  Echi'nus 
scaudens,  Apoc"ynnm  scandens.  A  shrub,  natis'e 
of  Guiana,  the  infusion  of  whose  leaves  is  said  by 
Linnffius  to  be  useful  in  Colica  Pictonum 

ALLANTODES,  Allantois. 

ALLAN'TOIC  ACID,  Ac"idum  allonto'icum. 
A  peculiar  acid,  found  in  the  liquor  of  the  allan- 
tois of  the  cow. 

ALLANTOIDES,  Allantois. 

ALLAN'TOIS,  AllantoVdes,  Allanto'dca,  Mem- 
bra'na  urina'ria,  M.  seu  Tunica  Farcimina'lis, 
M.  Intestina'lis,  the  Allantold  Vesicle,  from  aXXa;, 
aXXavTos,  'a  sausage,' and  £(^of,  'shape.'  A  sort  of 
elongated  bladder,between  the  chorion  and  amnion 
of  the  foetus,  which  is  thrown  out  from  the  caudal 
extremity  of  the  embryo,  and  communicates  with 
the  bladder  by  the  urachus.  It  is  very  apparent 
in  quadrupeds,  but  not  in  the  human  .species.  As 
the  allantois  is  developed,  its  walls  become  very 
vascular,  and  contain  the  ramifications  of  what 
become  the  umbilical  artery  and  vein,  which,  by 
the  elongation  of  the  allantois,  are  brought 
through  the  villi  of  the  chorion,  into  in.iirect 
communication  with  the  vessels  of  the  mother. 

ALLANTOTOX'ICIJM  fr(,m,.\»        w 
sausage,   and  ro^,<cov   'a  poison.'    Sausage  poison 
(G.)  Wurstg.ft.    The  Germans  have  given  this 
name  to  a  poison  developed  in  sausages  formed 
of  blood  and  liver. 

ALLECTUARY,  Electnarium. 
ALLELUIA.  Oxalis  acetosclla. 
ALLEN'TIIESIS,  from  aXXo,,  'another,' and 
cvdccci,  'introduction.'      The    entrance   in(o    or 


ALLEVIATOR 


47 


ALLUS    POLLEX 


presence  of  extraneous  bodies  in,  the  orcanism. — 
WiiUher. 

ALLE'VIATOR,  from  nd,'to,'  and  levare,  'to 
raise;'  'a  soother.'  An  instrument  for  raising  in- 
valids, invented  hy  Mr.  Jenks,  of  Rhode  Island. 
It  con.-isis  of  two  upright  i)osts,  about  six  feet 
(ligh,  each  supported  by  a  pedestal;  of  two  hori- 
zontal bars  at  the  top,  rather  longer  than  a  cora- 
n)on  bedstead  ;  of  a  windlass  of  the  same  length, 
placed  six  inches  below  the  upper  bar;  of  a  cog- 
wheel and  handle;  of  linen  belts  from  six  to 
twelve  inches  wide;  of  straps  secured  at  one  end 
of  the  windlass;  and  at  the  other  having  hooks 
attached  to  correspondingeyes  in  the  linen  belts, 
and  of  a  head-piece  made  of  netting.  The  pa- 
tient lying  on  his  mattress,  the  surgeon  passes 
the  linen  belts  beneath  his  body,  attaching  them 
to  the  hooks  on  the  ends  of  the  straps,  and  ad- 
justing the  whole  at  the  proper  distance  and 
length,  so  as  to  balance  the  body  exactly,  and 
then  raises  it  from  the  mattress  by  turning  the 
handle  of  the  windlass.  To  lower  the  patient 
again,  and  replace  him  on  the  mattress,  the  wind- 
lass must  be  reversed. 

ALLGOOD,  Chenopodium  bonus  Ilenricus. 

ALLILEAL,  Heracleum  spondylium. 

ALLIA'CEOUS,  AUia'ceiw,  {P.")  A/liace,  from 
allium,  'garlic'  Belonging  to  garlic,  as  alliace- 
oua  odour. 

ALL  [AIRE,  Alliaria. 

ALLIA'RIA,  frotn  niZfVm,  its  smell  resembling 
garlic.  A.  ojjichin'lis,  Ery»'{iimm  alliii'ria  sou 
ciirdifi)' iinni,  Sinyiii'l>rtuiii  al/lu'ria,  Jnck-in-the 
hedije,  Stinking  hcdije  Ifnstard,  Hedge  Garlic, 
iSniice-rtlniie,  Ilea'peris  allia'ria,  (F.)  Alliaire. 
Ord.  Cruciferifi.  This  plant  has  been  sometimes 
given  in  humid  asthma  and  dj'spnoea.  It  is 
reputed  to  be  diaphoretic,  diuretic,  and  antiscor- 
butic. 

The  Parisian  Codex  has  a  compound  syrup  of 
alliaria,  Sirop  d'eri/niiiniiii  compose,  which  is  used 
in  hoarseness. 

ALLKJATURA,  Fascia,  Ligature. 

ALLIOTICUS,  Alterative. 

AL'LIUM,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  from  oleo,  'I  smell.' 
A.  sati'vum,  Theridca  rustico'rnm,  Ampelvp' ra- 
snni,  Scor'odoii,  Scordon,  Garlic,  (P.)  Ail.  Ord. 
Liliacea;.  Se.r.  Sijst.  Hexandria  Monogynia.  A 
native  of  Sicily,  but  cultivated  for  use.  The 
hidbn  or  cloves,  Ag'lithes,  have  a  strong,  ofl'ensive, 
and  penetrating  odour,  and  a  sweetish,  biting, 
and  caustic  taste.  lutemnlhj,  garlic  is  stimulant, 
diuretic,  expectorant,  emmenagogue  (?),  diapho- 
retic, and  anthelmintic.  Ejcternally,  it  is  rube- 
facient, maturative,  and  repellent;  and  a  garlic 
ointinent  is  made  by  digesting,  at  a  moderate 
heat,  for  half  an  hour,  two  or  three  cloves  of 
fresh  garlic  in  an  ounce  of  lard,  and  straining. 
It  is  applied  as  a  rubefacient  to  the  chest  in 
croup. 

Dose,  one  to  six  cloves,  swallowed  whole,  or 
from  f  J^ss  to  f  ^^ij  of  the  juice. 

Taijlor's  Jicmcdi/  for  Deafness,  a  nostrum,  ap- 
pears to  consist  of  garlic,  infused  in  oil  of  al- 
monds, and  coloured  by  alkanet  root. 

AtLii'M  Ascalon'iciim,  Echnlotte. 

Allium  CANArKN'sR,  Meadow  garlic;  indige- 
nous ;   has  the  same  properties  as  allium. 

Allium  Ckpa,  Ccpn  Vnlga'ris,  Common  Onion, 
('tpul'la,  Crom'nii/on,  (F.)  Oignnn.  Acrid  and 
ttiini.lating,  and  possessing  very  little  nutriment. 
Onions  have  been  used  as  stimulants,  diuretics, 
and  anthelmintics.  The  boiled  or  roasted  onion, 
as  a  cataplasm,  is  emollient  and  maturating. 
The  fresh  root  is  rubefacient.  The  expressed 
juice  is  sometimes  used  in  otalgia  and  in  rhcu- 
inntisin. 

Allium  Galliccm,  Portulaca  —  a.  Plantagi- 
neum,  A.  Victoriale. 


Allium  Porrum,  Porrum,  P.  sati'vum,  Prn. 
stun,  the  Leek  or  J'orret  ;  (F.)  Poirean,  Porreau. 
It  possesses  the  same  property  as  the  onion. 

The  virtues  of  the  genus  Allium  depend  upon 
an  acrid  principle,  soluble  in  water,  alcohol,  acids, 
and  alkalies. 

Allii'm  Redolens,  Teucrium  scordium 

Allium  Victoria'le,  A.  plantagin'eum,  C'pa 
victoria'lis,  Victoria'lis  longa.  The  root,  Vfhicii, 
when  dried,  loses  its  alliaceous  smell  and  laste, 
is  said  to  be  efiicacious  in  allaying  the  abdominal 
spasms  of  pregnant  women  (?) 

ALLOCIIET'IA,  Allot riochet'ia,  from  alU^, 
'another,'  and  x'C'^'"'  '  t"  go  to  stool.'  The  dl^- 
charge  of  extraneous  matters  from  the  bowels. 
The  discharge  of  fa?ces  by  an  abnormous  opening. 

ALLOCHOOS,  Delirious. 

ALLOCHROMA'SIA,  from  aAXoj,  'another,' 
and  ■xpi'^jxa, '  colour.'     A  change  of  colour. 

ALLCEOPATHIA,  Allopathy. 

ALL(F,OPATHIC,  Allopathic. 

ALLffiOSlS,  Alteration. 

ALLtEOTICUS,  Alterative. 

ALLOIOSIS,  Alteration. 

ALLOIOTiCUS,  Alterative. 

ALLONGEMENT,  E\ongAtion. 

ALLOPATH,  AUopathist. 

ALLOPATHES,  Allopathic. 

ALLOPATH'IC,  Allopath'icns,  AUcpopath'ic, 
Allaeopath'iciis,  Allop'athes,  Heteropath' ic,  from 
aWoi,  'another,'  and  ttuOos,  'afi'ection.'  Relating 
to  the  ordinary  method  of  medical  practice,  in 
contradistinction  to  the  homoeopathic.  See  Allo- 
pathy. 

ALLOPATHIE,  Allopathy. 

ALLOP'ATHIST,  Al'lopath,  same  etymon. 
One  who  follows  allopathy. 

ALLOP'ATH  Y,  Allopathi'a,Allceopat7ii'a,  H;/- 
penantio'sis,  Hypenantio'ma,  Cnrn'tio  contrario' - 
rmnp€rcontra'ria,[F.)  Allopathie  ;  same  etymon. 
The  opposite  to  homoeopathy;  or,  according  to 
Hahnemann,  a  method  of  treatment  in  which 
remedial  agents  are  employed,  the  action  of 
which,  on  healthy  man,  produces  morbid  phe- 
nomena diflt'erent  from  those  that  are  observed 
in  the  sick  person.  The  ordinary  medical  prac- 
tice is  so  designated  by  the  homoeopathist. 

ALLOPHASIS,  Delirium. 

ALLOTRIOCHETIA,  Allochetia. 

ALLOTRIODON'TIA,  from  aWoTpioi,  'fo- 
reign,' and  oSovs,  'a  tooth.'  Transplantation  of 
teeth. 

ALLOTRIOEC'CRISIS,  from  aXAorpoj,  'fo- 
reign,' and  cKKpiais,'  'separation.'  The  separa- 
tion of  extraneous  matters  from  the  body  in  dis- 
ease. 

ALLOTRIOGEUSTIA,  Parageustia. 

ALL0TRI0PHA(3IA,  Malacia. 

ALLOTRIOTEX'IS,  from  aXXorpioi,  'foreign,' 
and  Tc^ii,  'parturition.'  The  bringing  forth  of 
an  abnormous  foetus. 

ALLOTRIU'RIA,  from  aXXorpioi,  'foreign,' 
and  ox'pov,  'urine.'  Admixture  of  foreign  mat- 
ters with  the  urine. 

AL'LOTROPISM;  (Y.)  Allotropie,  from  aXAot, 
'another,'  and  Tporog,  '  a  turn  or  change.  A  term 
recently  introduced  into  chemistry,  the  object  of 
which  is  to  express  the  property,  possessed  by 
certain  simjile  bodies,  of  assuming  different  quali- 
ties on  being  subjected  to  certain  modes  of  treat- 
ment. Carbon,  for  example,  furnishes  three 
forms  —  plumbago,  charcoal,  and  diamond. 

ALL-OVERISH,  see  Indisposition. 

ALLSPICE,  see  Myrtus  pimenta  —  a.  Bush, 
Laurus  Benzoin  —  a.  Carolina,  Calycanthus  —  a. 
Wild.  Laurus  Benzoin. 

ALLUCINATIO,  Hallucination. 

ALLURE,  Influenza. 

ALLUS  POLLE-X,  Pollex,  see  Digitus. 


ALMA 


48 


ALTERATIVE 


ALMA.  Water. 

ALM  AU[Ai},.';eePluinbioxy<luin  scmivitreum. 

AliMb'ZERION,  Cneoruui  trieoccuiu. 

AL.MONl).  AiiiygJ'ilii- 

Almon-u  Bloom.  A  liquid  cosmetic,  formed 
of  liruzil  ditat  ^^j,  water  Oiij  ;  boil  and  .'train  ; 
and  add  inhitj/dus  ^vj,  grnun  sylrestrui  ,^ij,  or 
cochineal  ^ij,  alum  ^j,  borox  3''j  j  boil  again, 
and  strain  througli  a  line  cloth. 

Almond  Caki:,  see  Amygdala — a.  of  the  Ear, 
Tonsil  —  a.  Earth,  Arachis  hypoga;a  —  a.  Paste, 
see  Amygdala — a.  Powder,  see  Amygdala — a.  of 
the  Throat,  Tonsil. 

ALNUS,  A.  glutinosa — a.  Communis,  A.  gluti- 
nosa. 

ALNUS  GLUTINO'SA,  Alnns,  A  commu'nin, 
Bet'ubi  yiutino'sa  seu  emnrgina'ta,  Europe'an  Al- 
der, (Sc.)  Aril,  Eller,  Ord.  Betulacea3.  A  tree 
■which  grows  in  Europe,  in  moist  places.  The 
bark  and  leaves  are  astringent  and  bitter;  and 
hence  are  employed  in  intermitteats,  and  as  a 
tonic  and  astringent. 

Alnus  Skiiuat'ula,  ^mertcad  J^We?-,  has  simi- 
lar properties. 

Aln'us  NiGit.v,  Rhamnus  frangula. 

ALOCIII'A,  from  a,  privative,  and  Xo'^ftia,  'lo- 
chia.'    Absence  of  the  lochial  discharge. 

ALOKDA'RIUM.  A  compound  medicine,  con- 
taining aloes. — GorriBus. 

ALOE,  Aloes — a.  False,  Agave  Virginica. 

ALOi;  ROOT,  Aletris  farinosa. 

AL'OES,  Al'oe,  Fel  Natu'ra.  The  inspissated 
juice  of  the  Aloe.  Ord.  Asphodeleae.  Sex.  Syst. 
Hexandria  Monogynia. 

Aloks  Rarbadhnsis,  a.  hepatica — a.  Bombay, 
A.  hepatica — a.  des  Barbades,  A.  hepatica. 

Aloes  Caballi'na,  A.  Giiinieii'sls,  Horne-aloes. 
Used  chiefly  for  horses.  It  is  collected  in  Spain 
and  Portugal,  and  is  very  coarse. 

ALOES  EN  CALEBASSES,  A.  hepatica. 

ALOb;s,  Cape,  Shining  Aloes  ;  a  cheap  and  ex- 
cellent form  of  aloes,  collected  at  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope,  from  Aloe  ferox,  A.  A/rtcana,  A. 
spicata,  and  other  species. 

Aloes,  East  India,  A.  Succotorina — a.  Guini- 
ensis,  A.  Caballina. 

Aloes  Hepat'ica,  A.  vnlga'ris,  A.  Barhaden'- 
ain,  Hepnt'ic  aloes,  Bombay  aloes,  Barba'does 
aloes,  A.  vnlga'ris  exfrac'tnm,  (F.)  Aloes  en  eale- 
basses,  A.  des  Barbades.  This  species  has  a  very 
disagreeable  odour,  and  an  intensely  bitter  and 
nauseous  taste.     Properties  the  same  as  the  last. 

Aloes,  Horse,  A.  Caballina  —  a.  Lucida,  A. 
Succotorina  —  a.  Soeotrine,  A.  Succotorina  —  a. 
Spicata  extractum,  A.  Succotorina. 

Aloes  Succotori'na,  Soc'otrine  aloes,  Turkey 
aloes.  East  India  aloes.  Aloes  In'cida,  A.  ZoctorV- 
nia,  A.  spica'tcB  extrac'tnm,  An'iina  Aloes,  is  the 
best  species.  Its  odour  is  not  unpleasant ;  taste 
very  bitter,  and  slightly  aromatic  ;  colour  red- 
dish-brown, with  a  shade  of  purple;  mass  hard, 
friable  ;  fracture  conchoidal  and  glossy  ;  soluble 
in  dilute  alcohol.  Powder  of  a  bright  cinnamon- 
yellow  colour.  It  is  cathartic,  warm,  and  stimu- 
lating; emmenagogue,  anthelmintic,  and  stoma- 
chic. As  a  cathartic,  it  aflects  the  rectum  chiefly. 
Dose,  as  a  cathartic,  gr.  v  to  ^j  in  pill. 

Aloes,  Turkey,  A.  Succotorina — a.  Vulgaris, 
A.  hepatica  —  a.  AVood,  Agallochum  —  a.  Zocto- 
rinia,  A.  Succotorina- 

ALOET'IC,  Aloet'icus.  A  preparation  which 
contains  aloes. 

ALOEXYLOX,  Agallochum. 

ALOGOTROPiriA,  from  aXoyof,  'dispropor- 
tionate,' and  Tpo'pri,  'nutrition.'  Irregular  nutri- 
tion. Used  particularly  to  designate  the  irreo-u- 
lar  manner  in  which  the  nutrition  of  bones"  is 
effected  in  rickety  individuals. 


ALOPECES,  Psoic. 

ALOPECIA,  from  oXa>Trr,^,  'a  fox;'  (Ibis  ani- 
mal being  said  to  be  subject  to  the  anc('tioii.) 
Capillo'ium  de/lu'vinm,  Alhrix  depi'lis,  J'halac- 
ro'tis,  Depila'iio,  Tricho'sis  Athrix,  aaiigra'na 
Alope'cia,  Atrich'ia,  Bejhi'vinm  seu  Lapxns  scu 
Fliixus  Pilo'riim,  Lipsotrich'ia,  Vnlpis  morbus, 
Pela'da,  Baldness,  (F.)  Pelade.  Falling  ofl'  of 
the  hair  ;  loss  of  the  hair.  When  this  is  confined 
to  the  crown  of  the  head,  it  is  called  calvilies,  a\- 
though  the  terms  are  often  used  synonymously. 
When  congenital,  it  is  called  Atrich'ia  scu  Alope'- 
cia adiia'ta.  The  falling  off  of  the  hair  in  old 
age  is  termed  Alope'cia  seni'lia. 

Alopecia  Adnata,  see  Alopecia — a.  Areata, 
Porrigo  decalvaus  —  a.  Circumscripta,  Porrigo 
decalvans  —  a.  Partialis,  Porrigo  decalvans  —  a. 
Senilis,  see  Alopecia. 

ALOUCHE,  Crataegus  aria. 

ALOUCH'I.  The  name  of  a  gum  procured 
from  the  canella  alba  tree. 

ALOUCHIER,  Crataegus  aria. 

ALPAM.  A  shrub  which  grows  on  the  coast 
of  Malabar.  Certain  parts  of  this,  infused  in  oil, 
form  an  antipsoric  ointment.  The  juice  of  the 
leaves,  mixed  with  that  of  calamus,  is  employed 
against  the  bites  of  serpents. 

ALPIIENIC,  Saccharum  candidum. 

ALPHITEDON,  see  Fracture. 

ALPII'ITON.  a\<piTov,  Polen'ta,  Fari'na.  Any 
kind  of  meal.  Toasted  barley-meal. — Hippocra- 
tes. Polenta  means,  also,  a  food  composed  of  In- 
dian meal,  cheese,  <fcc.     See  Farina. 

ALPIION'SIN,  Alphon'sinum.  A  kind  of  bul- 
let forceps,  similar  to  a  Porte-crnyoii,  so-called 
from  the  inventor,  Alphonso  Ferri,  of  Naples. — 
Scultetus. 

ALPHOS,  Lepra  alphoides. 

ALPHOSIS  .^THIOPICA,  see  Albino. 

ALPINIA  CARDAMOiMUM,  Amomum  car- 
damomum  — a.  Exaltata,  Renealmia  exaltata  — 
a.  Tubulata,  Renealmia  exaltata  —  a.  Galanga, 
Maranta  galanga. 

ALPISTE.  Phalaris  Canadiensis. 

ALSANDERS,  Smyrnium  olusatrnm. 

ALSI'NE  'b,'i.WT>lA,  A.  avicula' rvm  s^en  viilga'- 
ris,  from  oAo-oy,  '  a  grove,'  because  growing  abun- 
dantly in  the  woods.  [  ?  ]  Jlorsus  Galli'ncB,  Holos'. 
teum  Alsi'ne,  Stella'ria  me'dia,  3Iouse-ear,  Chid:- 
weed,  Chickenwort,  (F.)  3Iouron  des  Oiseaux,  Mor- 
geline.  Ord.  Caryophyllacea.  This  plant,  if  boiled 
tender,  may  be  eaten  like  spinach,  and  forms  an 
excellent  emollient  poultice.  It  was  formerly 
regarded  as  a  vulnerary  and  detergent. 

ALTAFOR,  Camphor. 

ALTER  SEXUS,  Sex,  female. 

ALTERANS,  Alterative. 

ALTERANT,  Alterative;  see,  also.  Alteration. 

ALTER A'TlO'S,Altera'tio,  from  alter,  'other,' 
Alloio'sis,  Allaeo'sis.  This  word  is  used  in  France 
to  express  any  change  which  supervenes;  for  ex- 
ample, in  the  expression  of  the  countenance  {al- 
teration de  la  face,)  or  in  the  structure  of  an 
organ  {alteration  organique,)  or  in  the  nature  of 
fluids  excreted  {alteration  de  Vurine,  des  larmes, 
du  lait,  (Vc.) 

Alteration  is  also  used  in  an  entirely  different 
sense,  to  express  intense  thirst  in  disease.  In 
this  case  Us  etymology  is  different.  It  comes 
from  haleter,  and  was  formerly  written  haleter- 
ation. 

AL'TERATIVE.  Al'terans,  Alloioficus,  Alice- 
otieus  Alliot'icus,  Immu'tans.  An  agent  con- 
sidered to  be  capable  of  producing  a  salutarv 
change  ,n  a  disease,  but  without  excitin-  any 
sensible  evacuation.  As  medicine  improves,  this 
uncertain  class  of  remedies  becomes,  of  necessity, 
diminished  in  number.     See  Eutrophie 

(F.)  Alterant.      The    French    term'  likewise 


ALTERCANGEXON 


49 


ALVEUS 


means,  that  which  causes  thir.H,  —  Slticulo'snii,  j 
Dipset'icHH,  as  altirer  means  both  to  change,  and 
to  cause    thirst.      S'alterer  is    to    experience   a 
chan;,'e  for  tiio  worse, — (corrum'pi.) 
ALTERCANUENON,  Hyoscyamus. 
ALTERCUM,  Hyoscyamus. 
ALTERED,  see  Castratus. 

ALTIl^'A,  from  aXOuv,  '  to  heal ;'  A.  nfficinn'- 
li»,    Mti/iHtvin'cnm,    ArisUiUhcB'a,    Hibis'cuH,    Hi- 
bis'cum,  Ibis'chus,  Ibis'cha  minmal'va,  liismnl'va, 
Marsh     mallow.       (Prov.)     Malice.       (F.)     Gni- 
niative.    Orel.  Malvaceae.   Sex.  Sytt.    Monadelphia 
Polyandria.     Tho    leaves,    AUIkb'or    fo'Uu,  and 
root,    Alth(B'(B    radix,    contain    much    mucilage. 
They  are  emollient  and  demulcent,  and  are  cm- 
ployed  wherever  medicines,  possessing  such  pro- 
perties, are  re(iuired.     In  the  Ph.  U.  S.,  Althaea 
is  the  root  of  Althaea  ofRcinalis, 
ALTHANAIIIA,  Orpiment. 
ALT  HE  US,  Physician. 
ALTIIAXIS,  Curation. 
ALTIiOS,  Medicament. 
ALTIIilBAT,  Torebinthina. 
ALU'DEL,  Alu'tel,  Vitriim  suhlimato'rium.    A 
hollow  sphere  of  stone,  glass,  or  earthen  ware, 
with  a  short  neck   projecting  at  each   end,   by 
means  of  which  one  glass  might  be  set  upon  the 
other.     The  uppermost  had  no  aperture  at  the 
top.     Aludels  were  formerly  used  in  the  sublima- 
tion of  various  substances. 

A'LULA,  diminutive  oi  ala,  'a,  wing.'  A  little 
wing. 

ALUM,  Symphytum — a.  Cataplasm,  Coagulum 
aluminosuni — a.  Egyptian,  vEiryptia  stypteria. 

Alum,  Roche,  Alu'men  de  Ituchi,  (F.)  Alnn  de 
Roche.  So  called  from  Roccha  in  Syria,  where 
there  was  a  manufactory  of  it.  It  is  in  pieces  of 
the  size  of  an  almond,  covered  with  a  reddish 
efiBorescence. 

Conniion  Roclie  Alum,  A.  Roehi  Gallis.  Frag- 
ments of  common  alum  moistened  and  shaken 
with  prepared  bole.     It  is  white  when  broken. 

Alum  Root,  Geranium  maculatuui,  lleuchera 
cortusa. 

Alum,  Solution  op,  Compound,  Liquor  alumi- 
nis  coinpositus. 

Alum  Springs  op  Virginia,  see  Virginia,  mine- 
ral waters  of. 

ALU'MEN,  (an  Arabic  terra,  alum,)  Alum, 
HypeystiU phas  alu'miucB  et  Patau' hcb,  Potas'sw 
alu'miiio-sulphaR,  Sul'jjiiaa  Alumiucp,  Acid'ulns 
cum  Patau' ad,  Sulphas  Alu'miiicE,  Sul'phas  KaV- 
ico-alumin'icum.  Sulphas  uluinina'ris,  Supersid'- 
phas  alu'mince  et  potas'so!,  Arf/il'la  sulphn'rica 
alcalisa'ta,  A.  vitriola'ta,  Sti/pte'r>a,  Sulpersul'- 
phas  Argil'lcB  alcalisa'tum,  Argilla  Kalisxdphu- 
rica.     (F.)  Aluii. 

Alumej^  Catinum,  Potash  of  commerce — a. 
Fixum,  see  Potash — a.  Kinosatum,  Pulvis  sul- 
phatis  aluminte  compositus. 

Alu'men  Commu'ne,  Common  alum,  English 
alum,  Rock  alum,  Alumen  facti"tittm,  A.  crystaV- 
linum,  A.  ru'pcum,  (F.)  Alun  d' An<jleterre,  is  the 
rariety  usually  employed.  It  is  in  octahedral 
crystals,  but  generally  in  large,  white,  somitrans- 
parent  masses ;  has  a  sweetish,  styptic  taste : 
effloresces  in  tho  air,  and  is  soluble  in  16  parts  of 
water  at  60°.  It  is  tonic  and  astringent,  and  as 
such  is  used  internally  and  externally.  Dose,  gr. 
V  to  XV. 

Alu'men  Exsicca'tum,  Alu'men  ustum  seu 
eicca'tum  seu  calcina'fiim.  Sulphas  alu'ynince/usus, 
Arqil'la  sulphn'rica  usia.  Burnt  alum,  dried  alum. 
(F.)  Alun  calcine,  (Alum  melted  in  an  earthen 
vessel  until  ebullition  ceases.)     Eseharotic. 

Alu'men  Roma'num,  Roman  alum,  A.  Ru'ti- 
lum  seu  Rubrum.  (F.)  Alun  de  Rome.  In  crys- 
tals which  are  of  a  pale  red  when  broken,  and 
covered  with  a  reddish  efflorescence. 


Alfmen  Siccatum,  Alumen  exsiecatura. 

ALUMIXA,  ACETATE  OF,  Aluminas  Acetas 
—  a.  Depurata,  Argilla  pura  —  a.  Pura,  Ar"illa 
pura — a.  Sulphate  of,  Aluminae  Sulphas. 

A\j\i''^\.mMACE"Y:AQ,Argil'l(BAce'tas,Ac"e. 
fate  of  Aln'mina.  A  delinquescent  salt,  obtained 
by  the  addition  of  acetate  of  lead  to  sulphate  of 
alumina  and  potassa.  It  possesses  the  same  pro- 
perties as  the  sulphate  of  alumina. 

Alu'min-e  et  Potass^  Hvpersdlphas,  Alu- 
men—  a.  et  Potassse  supersulphas,  Alumen  —  a. 
Sulphas,  Alumen. 

Alu'mince  Sulphas,  ArgillcB  Sulphas,  Sulphate 
of  Aln'mina.  Simple  sulphate  of  alumina  mav 
be  made  by  the  direct  combination  of  alumina 
and  sulphuric  acid,  and  contains  30  per  cent  of 
the  former,  to  70  per  cent,  of  the  latter.  It  is 
a  deliquescent  salt;  and  is  an  excellent  antisep- 
tic and  detergent  to  ulcers.  It  is  chiefly  used  to 
preserve  dead  bodies — a  strong  solution  being 
injected  into  the  arteries. 

GannaVs  Solution  for  preserving  animal  sub- 
stances is  made  by  dissolving  an  ounce  of  acetate 
of  alumina  in  twenty  ounces  oi  water. 

Alumina  Sulphas  Acidulus  cum  Potassa, 
Alumen — a.  Sulphas  fusus,  Alumen  exsiccatum. 

ALUMINE  FACTICE,  Argilla  pura. 

ALUMINII  OXIDUM,  Argilla  pura. 

ALUN,  Alumen. 

ALUNSEL,  Gutta. 

ALUS,  Symphytum. 

ALUSIA,  Hallucination  —  a.  Hypochondriasis, 
Hypochondriasis. 

ALUTE^i,  Aludel. 

ALVAQUILLA,  Psoralea  glandulosa. 

ALVARAS  NIGRA,  Ichthyosis. 

ALVEARIUM,  Auditory  canal,  external. 

ALVE'OLAR,  Alveola'ris,  from  alveus,  'a  ca- 
vity.' (F.)  Alviolaire.  That  which  relates  to 
the  alveoli. 

Alveolar  Abscess,  Parulis. 

Alve'olar  Arches,  (F.)  Arcades  alrSolaires, 
are  formed  by  the  margins  or  borders,  Jn//a  alveo- 
la'ria,  of  the  two  jaws,  which  are  hollowed  by  the 
Alveoli. 

Alve'olar  Artery,  Supra-maxillary  A.,  Ar- 
tere  sus-maxillaire  of  Chaussier.  arises  from  the 
internal  maxillary,  descends  beliind  the  tuberos- 
ity of  the  upper  jaw,  and  gives  branches  to  the 
upper  molar  teeth,  gums,  periosteum,  membrane 
of  the  maxillary  sinus,  and  buccinator  muscle. 

Alveolar  Border,  Limbus  alveola'ris.  The 
part  of  the  jaws  that  is  hollowed  by  the  alveoli. 

Alve'olar  Membranes  are  very  fine  mem- 
branes, situate  between  the  teeth  and  alveoli,  and 
formed  by  a  portion  of  the  sac  or  follicle  which 
enclosed  the  tooth  before  it  pierced  the  gum.  By 
some  this  membrane  has  been  called  the  alveolo- 
dental  periosteum. 

Alve'olar  Vein.  This  has  a  similar  distri- 
bution  with  the  artery. 

JiF^Oi^',  Alveolus. 

ALVEOLI  DENTIS,  see  Alveolus. 

ALVEOLO- DENTAL  PERIOSTEUM,  see 
Alveolar  membranes. 

ALVEOLO-LABIAL,  Buccinator. 

ALVE'OLUS,  same  etymon.  Bo'trion,  Bo'- 
thrion,  Odontoboth'rinm,  Odoutnphiit'ne.  Frenn 
{Alve'oli),  Mortariolum,  Ilol'micos,  PrcBxepiolum, 
Phatne,  Phat'nion,  Prmsc'pium,  Patne,  Pathne. 
(F.)  Alveole.  The  alveoli  are  the  sockets  of  the 
teeth,  Alve'oli  dentis,  Ma'nia  seu  Caver'nae  den'- 
tium,  into  which  they  are,  as  it  were,  driven. 
"Their  size  and  shape  are  determined  liy  the  teeth 
which  they  receive,  and  they  are  pierced  at  the 
apex  by  small  holes,  which  give  passage  to  the 
dental  vessels  and  nerves. 

ALVEUS,  Auge  —  a.  Ampullosus,  Eeceptacu- 
lum  chyli  —  a.  AmpuUescens,  Thoracic  dttct  —  a. 


ALVI   EXCRETIO 


50 


AMBLYOPIA 


Communis:  see  Semicircular  canals  —  a.  Utricu- 
losus  :  see  Somieircuhir  canals. 

ALVI  EXCRETIO,  Defecation  —  a.  Fluxus 
aquosu.s,  Diarrhoea  —  a.  Laxitas,  Diarrhcea  —  a. 
Profluvium,  Diarrhoea. 

ALVIDUCUS.  Laxative. 

ALVINE,  Ah'i'nus,  from  alvus,  'the  abdomen.' 
That  which  relates  to  the  lower  belly,  as  nlcine 
dcjectlonn,  nlrlne  ftnx,  alcine  obstructionn,  <fcc. 

ALVUM  EVACUANS,  Cathartic. 

ALVUS,  Abdomen,  Uterus — a.  Adstricta  seu 
Astricta,  Constipation  —  a.  Cita,  Diarrhoea  —  a. 
Dura,  Constipatio  —  a.  Renum,  Pelvis  of  the 
kidney — ^a.  Tarda,  Constipation — a.  Viridis,  De- 
jection. 

ALYCE,  Anxiety. 

A  LYMPH 'I  A,  from  a,  priv.,  and  hjmpha, 
'lymph.'     Want  of  lymph. 

AL'YPON,  from  a,  priv.,  and  \vrtti,  'pain.'  An 
acrid,  purging  plant,  described  by  Matthiolus. 
By  some  it  has  been  supposed  to  be  the  Globula'- 
ria  iili/piiiii  of  botanists. 

ALYSIS,  Anxiety. 

ALYSMUS,  Anxiety. 

ALYSSUM  PLINII,  Galium  mollugo. 

ALYSSUS,  Antihydrophobic. 

ALYX'IA  STELLA'TA,  A.  aromat'ica,  (F.) 
Ahjxie  aronuitiqiie.  A  plant,  of  the  family 
Apocynaceae,  the  bark  of  which  resembles  canella 
alba,  and  is  used  in  Batavia  in  pernicious  fevers. 

AL'ZILAT.  In  some  of  the  Arabian  writers, 
a  weight  of  three  grains. — Ruland  and  Johnson. 

AMABILE,  Lacuna  Labii  Superioris. 

AMADOU,  Boletus  igniarius. 

AMADOUVIER,  Boletus  igniarius. 

AMA/G/i/R,  Emaciate. 

A  JIA I  a  R  [SSEMEN  T,  E  ra  a  elation . 

AMAND  (SAINT),  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF,  Saint- Amand-les-Eaux.  These  springs,  in 
the  department  Nord,  France,  are  thermal  (77° 
Fahr.),  carbonated  chalybeates  ;  and  are  much 
used  internally,  or  in  the  form  of  bones,  in 
chronic  aifections  of  the  digestive  organs  and 
liver,  and  in  rheumatism. 

AJf ANDES',  see  Amygdala. 

AMANI'TiE,  from  a,  privative,  and  fiavia, 
'maduess:'  i.e.  'not  poisonous.' (?)  A  name 
given,  by  the  Greeks  and  Romans,  to  the  edible 
cliaiiipiyiiuns.  ^»(«H?7a  forms,  at  the  present  day, 
a  genus,  some  of  which  are  edible,  others  poison- 
ous. Amongst  others,  it  contains  the  Agaricus 
auratitiacua  and  A.  psetido-dii rant iacus. 

AMARA  DULCIS,  Solanura  dulcamara. 

AMARACI'NUM.  An  ancient  and  esteemed 
plaster,  containing  several  aromatics,  the  marjo- 
ram, a^dpuKo;,  in  |)articular. 

AMARACUS,  Origanum  majorana — a.  Tomen- 
tosus.  Origanum  dictamnus. 

AMARITIES,  Bitterness. 

AMARITUDO,  Bitterness. 

AMAROR,  Bitterness. 

AMARUCACHU,  Polyanthes  tuberoaa. 

AMA'RUS,  FicroK,  'bitter.'  (F.)  Anier.  The 
bitter  principle  of  vegetal)les  is  the  great  natural 
tonic,  and  hence  hitters,  as  they  are  termed  col- 
tectively,  belong  to  the  class  of  tonics.  Several 
are  used  in  medicine ;  the  chief  are,  gentian, 
quassia,  cinchona,  calumba,  dog-wood,  &c. 

AMASE'SIS,  AiiinKKe'sin,  from  a,  privative,  and 
fiaanaii,  'mastication.'  Mastication  when  im- 
pedeil  or  impracticable. 

AMATORIUM,  Lacuna  labii  superioris. 

AMATORIL  Oblique  muscles  of  the  eye. 

AMATORIUM  VENEFICIUM,  Philter. 

AMATORIUS  MUSCULUS,  Obliquus  supe- 
rior oculi. 

AMAURO'SIS,  Ohfnscn'tio,  Offnsca'tio,  from 
atiiivpoi,  'obscure,'  Drop  Herene,  Giitta  gere'nn, 
Cutarac'ta  ni'jra,  Parojj'sis  amauro'nis,  Inunobil'- 


itas  pupil'IcB,  Suffu'sio  nUjra,  Black  CMt  aract, 
NervouH  bUndnexH,  (F.)  Gontte-aereuie,  Cataraete 
noire,  Anopticonervie  (Piorry).  Diminution,  or 
complete  loss  of  sight,  without  any  perceptible 
alteration  in  the  organization  of  the  eye ;  gene- 
rally, perhaps,  owing  to  loss  of  po>ycr  of  tho 
optic  nerve  or  retina — Optic  ananthe'ma.  Coun- 
ter-irritants are  the  most  successful  remedial 
agents,  although  the  disease  is  always  very  diffi- 
cult of  removal,  and  generally  totally  incurable. 

Amaurosis  Dimidiata,  Hemiopia — a.  Diurnal, 
Nyctalopia — a.  Nocturnal,  Hemeralopia — a.  lui- 
perfecta,  Hypo-amaurosis. 

AMAUROT'IC,  Amaurot'iciia,  (F.)  Amaiiro- 
tique ;  same  etymon.     Afifected  with  amaurosis. 

Amaurotic  Cat's  Eye,  Galeamauro'ni),:  A 
name  given  by  Beer  to  an  amaurotic  affection, 
accompanied  by  a  remarkable  change  of  colour 
in  the  pupil,  which  presents,  apparently  in  the 
fundus  of  the  eye,  a  lighter  tint,  yellowish  or 
brownish  yellow,  instead  of  its  natural  clear 
black. 

AMA'ZIA,  from  a,  privative,  and /la^oj,  'breast.' 
A  monstrosity,  in  which  there  is  absence  of  ouo 
or  both  breasts. 

AMBARUM,  Ambergris  —  a.  Cineritium,  Am- 
bergris. 

AMBE,  from  aiifSatvu),  'I  ascend;'  Amhi.  A 
superficial  eminence  on  a  bone.  Also,  an  old 
surgical  machine  for  reducing  dislocations  of  the 
shoulder  ;  the  invention  of  which  is  ascribed  to 
Hippocrates.  It  is  no  longer  used.  —  Hippo- 
crates, Scultetus.     See  Crista. 

AMBER,  Succinum  —  a.  Liquid  :  see  Liquid- 
amber  styracitlua. 

AM'BERGRIS,  'gray  amber,'  Ambor,  Amlar, 
Amhra  gri'aea  seu  cinera'cea  seu  anibrosiaco, 
Ambarum,  Snc'cinum  cine'reum  seu  yri'seum, 
Am'barum  cineri"tium.  A  concrete  substance, 
of  the  consistence  of  wax,  cineritious  colour, 
studded  with  yellow  and  blackish  spots,  and  ex- 
haling a  very  pleasant  odour.  It  seems  highly 
probable  that  ambergris  is  formed  in  the  intes- 
tines of  the  whale,  and  voided  with  its  excre- 
ment. Like  all  aromatic  substances,  ambergris 
is  slightly  anti-spasmodic  and  excitant;  but  it  is 
oftener  employed  as  a  perfume  than  as  a  medi- 
cine. 

AMBIA.  A  liquid,  yellow  bitumen,  the  smell 
and  virtues  of  which  are  similar  to  those  of  the 
resin  tacamahaca.  It  is  obtained  from  a  spring 
in  India. 

AMBICUS,  Alembic. 

AMBIDEX'TER,  Amphidex'ins,  from  amhn, 
'both,'  and  dexter,  'right.'  One  who  uses  both 
hands  with  equal  facility.  Celsus  says  the  sur- 
geon ought  to  be  ' non  minims  sinistra,  qnam  dex- 
trd  promptus.'  One  of  the  aphorisms  of  Hippo- 
crates says,  that  a  woman  is  never  ambidexter. 
This  is  a  mistake. 

AMBIL^EVUS,  Ampharisteros. 

AMBIOPIA.  Diplopia. 

AMBITUS  GENITALIS  MULIEBRIS,  Ves- 
tibulum. 

AMBLOMA,  Abortion. 

AMBLOSIS,  Abortion. 

AMBLOSMUS.  Abortion. 

AMBLOTHRIDION,  see  Abortion. 

AMBLOTHRIDIUM,  Abortive. 

AMBLOTICUS,  Abortive. 

AMBLUS,  a/i/SXyf,  'obscure.'     Hence, 

AMBLYAPlI'lA.from  a^/JAuj,  'obscure,' and 
'a(l>r,.  'feeling.'     Dulness  of  the  sense  of  touch. 

AMBLYOGMOS,  Amblyopia. 

AMBLYO'PIA,  from  au(iXvi,  'obscure,'  and 
o>ip,  'the  eye.'  Ambhjos'mos,  Amblyoq'mos,  Amph- 
o'pia  (so  called  by  some,  according  to  Castplli, 
oh  i'jnoruntium  Graem   limjua),  Hehetu'do   vis&H, 


AMBLYOSMOS 


51 


AMMI 


Feebleness  of  sif/ht,  (F.)   Amlhjopte,  Vue  faihle. 
First  degree  of  Amaurosis. — Hippocrates. 

Amblyopia  Ckkpusculaiiis,  Ilemeralopia — a. 
Dissitoruin,  My()|)ia — a.  Meridiana,  Nyctalopia — 
a.  Proxiinoruin,  Presbytia. 
AMBLYOSMOS,  Amblyopia. 
AMBOLICUS,  Abortive. 

AMBON,  a/tlSiav,  'the  raised  rim  of  a  shield  or 
dish,'  from  a/i/J'Hi/u,  'I  ascend.'  The  fibro-carti- 
laginous  rings  or  boitrrelets,  which  surround  the 
articular  cavities,  as  the  glenoid  cavity  of  the 
scapula,  the  acetabulum,  Ac,  have  been  so  called 
— Galen.  See  Crista. 
AMBOR,  Ambergris. 

AMBRA,  Succinum  —  a.  Ambrosiaca,  Amber- 
gris— a.  Cineracea,  Ambergris. 
AMBRAGRISEA,  Ambergris. 
AM  HUE    lilAXO,    Succinum    (album)  — a. 
Jamie,  Succinum. 

AMBRETTE,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus. 

AMBRINA  AMBROSIOIDES,  Chcnopodium 

ambrosioides  —  a.   Anthelmiiitica,   Chcnopodium 

anthelminticum — a.  Botrvs,  Chenopodium  botrys. 

AMBHOISIE  DU  MEX[QUE,  Chenopodium 

ambrosioides. 

AMBRO'SIA,  from  a,  privative,  and  0poToi, 
'mortal.'  Food  which  makes  immortal,  or  the 
food  of  immortals.  Food  of  the  gods  —  Homer. 
See  also,  Chenopodium  botrys. 

Ambkosia  Elatior,  see  A.  Trifida. 
Ambuosia  Marit'ima,  Ord.  Compositse.  A 
plant  which  grows  on  the  shores  of  the  Levant, 
and  has  a  pleasant,  bitter  and  aromatic  taste.  It 
is  given  in  infusion,  as  a  tonic  and  antispasmodic. 
Ambuosia  Tkif'ida,  Horseweed,  Richweed, 
Ilorseiniiit,  Homecane,  Bitterweed,  Great  or  Tall 
liacjiveed,  Wild  Hemp.  This  indigenous  plant  is 
found  in  low  grounds  and  along  streams,  from 
Canada  to  Georgia,  and  west  to  Louisiana  and 
Arkansas.  It  is  an  annual,  and  flowers  in  Au- 
gust and  September.  An  infusion  has  been  re- 
commended locally  in  mercurial  salivation. 

Atiil/rosia  Elatior,  Ragweed,  is  said  by  Dr.  11. 
E.  Griffith  to  have  much  more  developed  sensible 
properties. 

AMHROSIE  DU  MEXIQUE,  Chenopodium 
ambrosioides. 

A^fBULANCE  [Y.),  from  amhulare,  'to  walk.' 
A  military  hospital  attached  to  an  army,  and 
moving  along  with  it.  Also  called  Uopital  am- 
bulant. 

AMBULATIO,  Walking. 

AM'BULATORY,  Am'btdans,  Ambidati'vun, 
Ain'biilative,  (F.)  Amhidaut.  A  morbid  affection 
is  said  to  be  'ambulatory,'  (F.)  ambulant,  when 
it  skii>s  from  one  part  to  another;  as  Erisypelcs 
iimbiilanti,  &c.  When  blisters  are  applied  suc- 
cessively on  different  parts  of  the  body,  they  are 
called   Veiicataire'i  ambulants. 

AMBULEIA,  Cichorium  intybus. 
AM'BULI.  The  Brachmanic  name  for  an  In- 
dian aquatic  herb,  which  appears  to  belong  to 
the  family  LijulmachicB.  The  whole  plant  has  a 
sweet  smell.  Its  decoction  has  a  very  bitter 
taste,  and  is  an  excellent  febrifuge.  It  is  also 
taken  in  milk  in  cases  of  vertigo. 

AM'BIJLO    FLATULEN'TUS    ET   FURIO'- 
SUS,    Flatus  furio'nus,    Vnre'ui.*'  Painful,    mo- 
bile,  and  periodical   tumours   affecting  different 
j)arts.  which  were  once  considered  as  the  effect 
of  very  subtile  vapours  —  Michaelis.     Their  na- 
ture is  bv  no  means  clear. 
AMBUSTIO,  Burn. 
AMBUTUA.  Pnreira  brava. 
A  M  BUYA-EMBO.    A  very  beautiful,  creeping 
nrislolochia  of  Brazil,  the  decoction  of  which  is 
exhiliited  successfully  in  obstructions.     It  is  also 
usi'l  in  fumigation  and  iu  baths  as  a  tonic. 
AME,  .\niuia. 


AMELI.     A   Malabar  shrub,   belonging  to  a 
genus  unknown.     The  decoction  of  its  leaves  is 
said  to  relieve  colic.     Its  roots,  boiled  in  oil,  are 
used  to  repel  tumours. 
AMELIA,  Apathy. 

AMENIA,  Atuenorrhoea,  Emmenagogues. 
AMENOMA'NIA.      A   hybrid    word,    formed 
from  the  Latin  amwniis,  'agreeable,'  and  ixavia, 
'mania.'     A  gay  form  of  insanity. 

AMENORRHCE'A,  Parame'nia  obstructio'nis, 
Menocryph' ia,  Menosta'ain,  Apophrax'iSjArrhce' a, 
Defec'tus  seu  Reinan'sio  seu  Cessa'tio  meu'siam, 
Menstrua'tio  impedi'ta,  Ischome'nia,  Ame'nia, 
AmetrohcB'mia,  from  a,  privative,  ftnv,  'a  mouth,' 
and  p&u),  'I  flow.'  Suppression  of  the  menses,  (F.) 
Suppression  dn  jlux  menstruel.  This  suppression 
is  most  commonly  symptomatic,  and  hence  the 
chief  attention  must  be  jjaid  to  the  cause.  Usu- 
ally, there  is  an  atonic  state  of  the  sj'stem  gene- 
rally, and  hence  chalybeates  and  other  tonics  are 
advisable. 

Two  great  varieties  of  Amenorrhoea  are  com- 
monly reckoned.  1.  A.  Emansio'nis,  Einan'sio 
men' slum,  Menis'chesis,  Menus' diesis,  Menstrua' tio 
reten'ta,  Men'sium  reten'tio,  Retention  of  the  men- 
ses, when  the  menses  do  not  appear  at  the  usual 
age  :  and,  2.  Suppres'sio  Men'sium  seu  Menstru- 
atio'nis,  Amenorrhee.'a  Siippressio'iiis,  Jnterrup'lia 
menstruatio' Ills,  Menstrna'tio  suppres'sa,  in  which 
the  catamenia  are  obstructed  in  their  regular 
periods  of  recurrence.  See  Emansio  Mensium, 
and  Menses. 

Amenorrhcea  Difficilis,  Dysmenorrhoea — a. 
Eraansionis,  see  Amenorrhoea — a.  Jlymenica,  seo 
Hymenicus  —  a.  Partialis,  Dysmenorrha'a  —  a. 
Suppressionis,  see  Amenorrhoea. 

AMENTIA,  Dementia  :  see,  also,  Fatuita.s,  and 
Idiotism- — a.  Senilis,  Dementia  of  the  aged. 

AMER,    Amarus  —  a.  de  Bcenf,   Bile    of   tho 
ox. 
AMERICAN,  see  Homo. 
AMERICANUM  TUBEROSUM,  Solanum  tu- 
berosum. 

AMERTUME,  Bitterness. 
AM'ETHYST,  Amethijs'tns,  from  a,  privative, 
and  liidvot,  'I  am  drunk.'  A  precious  stone,  to 
which  the  ancients  attributed  the  property  of 
preventing  drunkenness.  It  was  also  used  as  an 
anti-diarrhoeic  and  absorbent. — Pliny,  Albertus 
Masnus. 

AMETH'YSUM,  Amethys'tum,  (remediiim.) 
Same  etymon  as  the  last.  A  remedy  for  drunk- 
enness. 

AMETRIA,  Intemperance,  from  a,  privative, 
and    fxcTpov,    'measure.'      Also,    absence    of    the 
uterus  ;  from  a,  privative,  and  iirtrpa,  'the  uterus.' 
AMETROH/EMIA,  Amenorrhoea. 
AMIAN'THUM  MUSC^TOX'ICUM,  {apiiav- 
Toi,  'pure,'  and  av&ot,   'a  flower,')  Melan'thium, 
musccBtox'icum,    Helo'nias    erythrosperm'a.    Fly- 
poison,    Fall-poison,    indigenous.      Ord.    Melan- 
thacene.     A  narcotic  poison,  not  used,  however. 
AMICULUM,  Amnios. 

AMIDOLIQUE,  from  amidum,  'starch.'  Ap- 
pertaining or  belonging  to  starch.  M.  Beral 
calls  medicaments  ainldoliqnes  those,  which  owe 
their  general  properties  to  starch. 

AM  [DON,    Amylum  —  a.    lodnre  d',    Starch, 
Iodide,  of. 
AMfDOXXfERE.  Ammi  maculatum. 
A.MIUUM,  Amylum. 
AMIN^EA,  Anime. 

AMIN.E'UM  VINUM,  Amine'an  7rine,  highly 
esteemed  as  a  stomachic.     Vir-iil  distinguishes  it 
from  the  Falernian. — Pliny,  Macrobius,  &c. 
AM  MA,  Truss. 

AMMI.  Ainmi  mnjns  seu  cientafo'linm  seu 
vul'ja're  seu  Bulber',  Am'mios  muriea'ta,  A'2}iuin 


AMMION 


52 


AMMONIiE   ACETAS 


nmmi,  Tiishop's  weed.  The  seeds  of  this  plant 
are  nroinatic  and  pungent.  They  are  said  to  be 
carminiitive  and  diuretic,  and  are  tonic  and  sto- 
machic. 

Ammi  Bot.beri,  Ammi  —  a.  des  Boutiques,  see 
iSison  ammi — a.  Cicuta?folium,  Ammi — a.  Majus, 
Ammi— a.  Verum,  see  Sison  ammi — a.  Vulgare, 
Ammi. 

AMMION',  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  rubrum. 

AMMIOS  MURICATA,  Ammi. 

AMMISMUS,  Psammismus. 

AMMOCIIO'SIA,  Ammocho'sis,  from  afiixo?, 
'sand,' and  x^'^t  'I  pour.'  Arena'tiu.  Putting 
the  human  body  in  hot  sand,  for  the  cure  of 
disan.-e. 

AAIMO'NIA,  Ammo'nia  or  Ammoni'acal  gas, 
Volatile  nl'kidi,  Al'cnli  ammoni' ncurn  caus'ticum, 
A.  vokit'ile  caus'ticum,  Ammo'nia  caua'tica  seu 
pura,  Ammoiii'acum,  A.  caus'ticum,  Gas  ammo- 
niaca'le,  Mephi'tis  urino'sa,  (P.)  Ammoniaque, 
Air  alcalin,  Gaz  ammoniacal.  An  alcali,  so  called, 
because  obtained  principally  by  decomposing  sal 
ammoniac  (muriate  of  ammonia)  by  lime.  This 
gas  is  colourless,  transparent,  elastic,  of  a  pun- 
gent, characteristic  odour,  and  an  acrid,  urinous 
taste.  It  turns  the  syrup  of  A'iolets  green,  and 
its  specific  gravity  is  0'596.  When  inhaled, 
largely  diluted  with  common  air,  it  is  a  powerful 
irritant.  When  unmixed,  it  instantly  induces 
suiTocalion. 

Ammonia,  Acetate  of.  Solution  of.  Liquor 
ammoniae  acetatis — a.  Arseniate  of,  Arseniate  of 
ammonia— a.  Benzoate  of,  AmmoniiB  benzoas — 
u.  Bicarbonate  of,  see  AmmoniiB  earbonas  —  a. 
Caustica  liquida.  Liquor  ammoniae  —  a.  Chloro- 
hydrate  of,  Ammoniae  murias — a.  Citrate  of,  Am- 
moniae citras — a.  Hydriodate  of,  Ammonium,  io- 
dide of— a.  Hydrochlorate  of,  Atnmoniie  murias 
— a.  Ilydrosujphuretof,  Ammoniae  sulphuretum — 
a.  Iodide  of,  see  Iodine — a.  Liniment  of,  strong, 
Linimentum  ammonia}  fortius— -a.  Liquid,  Liquor 
AmmoniiB — a.  Muriatica,  AmmoniiB  murias  —  a. 
Nitrata,  Ammoniae  nitras — a.  Phosphate  of,  Am- 
moniic  phosphas — a.  Praeparata,  Ammoniae  ear- 
bonas—  a.  Pura  liquida.  Liquor  ammonias  —  a. 
Solution  of.  Liquor  ammoniae  —  a.  Solution  of, 
stronger.  Liquor  ammoniae  fortior  —  a.  Tartrate 
of.  Ammonias  tartras. 

AMMO'NIAC,  GUM,  Ammoni' acum  (Ph.  U. 
S.),  Gum'mi  Ammoni' acum,  Armoni' acum,  Mato'- 
rium,  (F.)  Ammoniac,  Gonime  ammoniaque,  so 
called  from  Ammonia  in  Lybia,  whence  it  is 
brought.  A  gum-resin,  the  concrete  juice  of 
JJore'ma  ammoni'acuin,  of  Persia  :  a  species  of  a 
genus  allied  to  Ferula;  and  also  the  gum-resin 
oi  Fer'ula  tingita'na.  The  latter  is  the  ammo- 
niacum  of  commerce.  It  is  in  irregular,  dry 
masses  and  tears,  yellow  externally,  whitish 
■within.  Its  odour  is  peculiar,  and  not  ungrate- 
ful :  taste  nauseous,  sweet,  and  bitter.  It  forms  a 
■white  emulsion  with  water:  is  soluble  in  vinegar; 
partially  so  in  alcohol,  ether,  and  solutions  of  the 
alcalies. 

Gum  ammoniacum  is  expectorant,  deobstru- 
ent(?),  antispasmodic,  discutient,  and  resolvent. 
It  is  chiefly  used,  however,  in  the  first  capacity, 
and  in  the  formation  of  certain  plasters. 

Two  varieties  are  met  with  in  the  market, 
GuttcB  ammoni'aci,  the  best;  and  Lapis  atnmoni'- 
uci,  the  more  impure. 

AMMONIAC^  NITRAS,  AmmoniiB  nitras— 
a.  Sulphas,  Ammoniae  sulphas. 

AMMONIACUM,  Ammonia,  Ammoniac  gum 
—a.  Hj'drochloratum  ferratum,  Ferrum  ammoni- 
atum — a.  Succinatum,  Spiritus  ammoniae  foetidus 
— a.  Volatile  mite.  Ammonite  earbonas. 

AMMONITE  ACETAS,  Liquor  ammonia  ace- 
tatis— a.  Arsenias,  Arseniate  of  Ammonia. 


Ammoni/E  Ben'zoa.S,  Ben'zonte  of  Ammonia. 
A  salt  formed  by  the  union  of  benzoic  acid  and 
ammonia,  which  has  been  prescribed  for  the  re- 
moval  of  gouty  depositions  of  urate  of  soda  lu 
the  joints.     It  is  regarded  as  a  good  diuretic. 

Ammonite  Bicau'eonas,  Bicarh'onate  of  Am- 
mo'nia, is  officinal  in  the  Dublin  Pharmacopccia. 
It  has  the  same  properties  as  the  next,  and  is 
more  palatable.    Dose,  six  to  twenty-four  grains. 

Ammonia;  Cak'bonas,  A.  Suhcar'honas  seu  &s. 
quicar'honas,  Salt  of  bones,  Sal  Oe'sium,  Sal  Fii. 
liy"inis,  Salt  of  wood-soot,  Salt  of  urine.  Volatile 
Sal  Ammoniac,  Baker's  salt,  Al'cali  volal'ile 
aera'tum,  A.  volal'ile  ammouiaca'le,  A.  volal'ile 
ex  sale  ammoni'aco,  Ammoni'acum  volat'ile  mite, 
Ammo'nium  carbon' icum  seu  subcarbo'neum,  Uar- 
bonas  ammo' nice  alkali' nus  seu  incomple'tiis  seu 
siiperammoni'acuSjHypocar'bonasttmmu'nia,  Flo- 
res  salis  ammoni'aci,  Sal  cornu  cervi  volat'ile,  Sal 
volnt'ilis  salis  ammoni'aci.  Concrete  or  mild  volatile 
alkali,  Carbonate  or  Siibcarbonate  of  ammoniii, 
Ammo'nia  prmpara'ta,  Sal  volat'ile.  Smelling  sail, 
(F.)  Carbonate  d' ammoniaque,  Sel  volatil  d' An- 
gleterre,  {Ammon.  muriaf.  tbj  ;  Creta;  tbiss.  Sub- 
lime—  Ph.  U.  S.)  A  white,  striated,  crystalline 
mass;  odour  and  taste  pungent  and  ammoniucal: 
soluble  in  two  parts  of  water :  insoluble  in  alco- 
hol :  effloresces  in  the  air.  It  is  stimulant,  ant- 
acid, diaphoretic,  and  antispasmodic.     Dose,  gr. 

V   to   XV. 

Carbonate  of  ammonia  is  at  times  used  to  form 
effervescing  draughts.  One  scruple  saturates  si.K 
fluidrachms  of  lemon  juice,  twenty-six  grains  of 
crystallized  tartaric  acid,  and  twenty-sis  grains 
of  crystallized  citric  acid. 

Carbonate  of  ammonia  is  the  usual  smelling 
salts.  When  a  few  drops  of  Liquor  Amraoniie 
fortior  are  added  to  it  coarsely  powdered,  and 
some  volatile  oil,  it  forms  Preston  Salts. 

Ammonite  Citras,  Citrate  of  Ammo'nia.  Made 
by  saturating  lemon  or  lime  juice,  or  a  solution 
of  citric  acid,  with  carbonate  of  ammonia.  Dose, 
f^ss.  It  may  be  made  extemporaneously,  and 
taken  in  an  effervescing  state.  Seventeen  grains 
of  citric  acid,  or  half  a  fluidounce  of  lemon  juice, 
will  be  sufficient  for  thirteen  grains  of  ciubonato 
of  ammonia. 

Ammonite  Cupro-sulphas,  Cuprum  ammonia- 
turn. 

AmmonIvE  et  Ferri  Mdrias,  Ferrum  amrao- 
niatum — a.  Ferro-eitras,  Ferri  ammonio-citriis — 
a.  Hydriodas,  Ammonium,  iodide  of — a.  Hydro- 
chloras.  Ammonias  murias  —  a.  Hydrosulphurc- 
tum,  Liquor  fumans  Boylii  —  a.  llypocarbonas, 
AmmoniiB  Carbonas. 

Ammonia  Mu'rias  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Ilu'riate  oi 
Clilorohydrate  if  Ammo'nia,  Hydrochlo'rate  <ij 
Ammo'nia,  Clilorohydrate  of  Ammo'nia  (Ph.  U. 
S.),  Sal  Ammoni'acum,  Sal  Ammo'niac,  S(d 
Ammoni'aeus,  Ammo'nia  Muriat'ica,  Ammo'nium 
iluria'tum,  Ainmo'nioB  Hydrochlo'ras,  Chlontrc'- 
tum  Ammo'nicum,  Sal  Armeni'acum,  Salmiac, 
Fuli'go  Al'ba  Philosojiho' rum,  Ilisadir,  (F.) 
Muriate  d' Ammoniaque,  Sel  Ammoniac  ou  Arme- 
niac.  A  saline  concrete,  formed  by  the  combi- 
nation of  muriatic  acid  with  ammonia.  In  Egypt 
it  is  manufactured  in  large  quantities  by  sublim- 
ing the  soot  formed  by  burning  camel's  dung— 26 
pounds  of  the  soot  yielding  6  pounds.  It  is  also 
prepared,  in  great  quiintities,  by  adding  sulphuric 
acid  to  the  volatile  alkali  obtained  from  soot, 
bones,  &c.,  mixing  this  with  common  salt,  and 
subliming. 

Muriate  of  ammonia  is  inodorous,  but  has  an 
acrid,  pungent,  bitterish,  and  urinous  taste. 
Three  parts  of  cold  water  dissolve  one.  Solu- 
ble also  in  4-5  parts  of  alcohol.  It  is  aperient 
and  diuretic,  but  seldom  used  internally.     Ei- 


AMMONIAQUE 


53 


AMOMUM 


ternally,  it  is  employed,  producing  cold  during 
its  solution,  in  inflummations,  Ac. 

Ammo'ni^  NiTitAS,  Nitrate  of  Ammonia,  AV- 
Irnli  voldt' lie  nitra' turn,  Sal  ammoni'aciis  nitro'sua, 
Ammo' Ilia  nitra' ta,  Nitran  ammoni'accB,  Nitrum 
JlammniiH,  (F.)  Nitrate  d' Ammoniaqne.  A  salt 
composed  of  nitric  acid  and  ammonia.  It  is  diu- 
retic and  deobstruent.  (?)  Externally,  it  is  dis- 
cutient  and  sialogogue. 

AsiAfo'Ni/K  PllosPHAS,  Ammo'nium  phosphor'i- 
CHiii,  Pfionpfiate  of  Ammo'nia,  (F.)  Phos})hate 
d'Ainmoniii'iiie.  This  salt  has  been  recommended 
as  an  excitant,  diaphoretic,  and  discutient.  More 
recently,  it  has  been  proposed  as  a  new  remedy 
for  gout  and  rheumatism,  as  a  solvent  of  uric  acid 
calculus,  and  for  diseases,  acute  and  chronic,  con- 
nected directly  with  the  lithicacid  diathesis. 

Ammonite  Sesquicakuonas,  A.  carbonas. 

Ammo'nia  Sulphas,  Sulphate  of  Ammo'nia, 
Suljikan  ammoni'acoB,  Ammo'nium  sidphit'ricum, 
Al'kali  vo/at'ile  vitriola'tum,  Sal  Ammoni'acum 
secre'tum  Glacberi,  Sal  secre'tus  Glauberi,  Vi- 
trialnm  ummouinca'le,  (F.)  Sulphate  d' Ammoni- 
aqne. Formed  by  adding  sulphuric  acid  either  to 
sal  ammoniac  or  toamraoniacal  liquor.  Its  proper- 
ties are  like  thoscof  the  muriate  of  ammonia. 

Ammo'ni.c  Sijlphure'tum,  Sul'phuret  of  Am- 
mo'nia, JI;/droKiU'phuret  of  Ammo'nia,  Ammo'- 
nium Sulfhydra'tum,  HydroHuVjihaa  AmmonicB, 
Spir'itus  Begoi'ni,  Sp.  fimans  Begui'ni,  Sul- 
phiire'tum  ammoni'acm,  Sp.  salis  ammoni'aci  sul- 
jihnra'tus,  Liquor  ammo'nii  hijdrothi'odis,  Hydro- 
sulphure'tum  Ammo'nicinn,  Hydvoaidph.  amjnonia- 
ca'le  aquo'snm,  Hydroff'eno-sulphure'tum  ammo- 
iii'aca;  liq'uidnm,  Spir'itus  sul'phuris  volat'ilis, 
Ucpnr  nulphurin  volat'ile,  Boyle's  or  Beguine's 
fuming  npirit,  (F.)  Hydrorndphate  aulfure  d'Am- 
iiioniaque,  Liqueur  fumante  de  BoYLE,  Sulfiire 
hydrogens  d' Ammoniaqne,  Hydrosulfiire  d'Am- 
■luoniaque.  Odour  very  fetid;  taste  nauseous  and 
styptic;  colour  dark  yellowish  green.  It  is  re- 
puted to  be  sedative,  nauseating,  emetic,  disoxy- 
genizing  (?)  and  has  been  given  in  diabetes  and 
diseases  of  increased  excitement.     Dose,  gtt.  vij 

to  gtt.  XX. 

Ammo'm^h  Tartras,  Al'kali  volat'ile  tartari- 
za'tum,  Sal  Ammoni'acum  tarta'renm,  Tar'tarua 
ammo'nia,  Tartrate  of  Ammo'nia,  (F.)  Tartrate 
d' Ammoniaqne.  A  salt  composed  of  tartaric  acid 
and  ammonia.  It  is  diaphoretic  and  diuretic; 
but  not  much  used. 

AM MON fAQUE,  Ammonia — a.  Araeniate  d', 
Arseniate  of  ammonia — a.  llydroaulfure  d',  Am- 
nioniiB  sulphuretuin — a.  Hydroaulfate  aulfure  d', 
Ammoniaj  sulphurotum — a.  Liquide,  Liquor  am- 
moniai — a.  Phosphate  d',  Ammonias  phosphas — 
(J.  Sulfnre  hi/dro,/fiiie  d',  Amtnoniffi  sulphuretum. 

AMMONII  lODIDUM,  Ammonium,  iodide  of 
— a.  loiluretum.  Ammonium,  iodide  of. 

A.MMONIO-CUPRICUS  SUBSULPHAS,  Cu- 
prum ammoniatum. 

AM.VIO'NION,  from  a/iiios,  'sand.'  An  ancient 
collyriuin  of  great  virtue  in  many  diseases  of  the 
eye,  and  which  was  said  to  remove  sand  from 
that  organ. 

AMMONIU.M  ARSENICICUM,  Arseniate  of 
ammonia — a.  Carbonicum,  Ammoniae  carbonas — 
a.  Ilydroiodicum,  Ammonium,  iodide  of — a.  lo- 
datum,  Ammonium,  iodide  of. 

Am.mo'.vii'm,  Iodide  op,  lod'idum  seu  lodure'- 
tinn  ammoiiii,  Ammonium  loda'tum  seu  Hydro- 
iod'icum,  Hydri'odaa  ammo'nicB,  Hydri'odate  of 
ammo'nia.  This  salt  is  formed  by  saturating 
liquid  hydriodic  acid  with  eauatic  ammonia,  and 
evaporating  the  solution.  It  is  applied  in  the 
form  of  ointment  (3J  ad  adipia  ^j)  in  lepra, 
psoriasis,  Ac. 

Ammonium  Muriaticum  Martiatum  seu  Mar- 
TiALE    Ferrum  ammoniatum — a.  Muriatum,  Am- 


moniae murias  —  a.  Phosphoricum,  Ammoniaa 
phosphas — a.  Subcarboneum,  Ammoniae  carbonas 
— a.  Sulf  hydratum.  Ammonias  sulphuretum — a. 
Sulphuricuin,  Ammonite  sulphas. 

AMNA  ALCALIZATA,  Water,  mineral,  sa- 
line. 

AMNEMOSYNE,  Amnesia. 

AMNE'SIA,  Amneat'ia,  Amnemoa'yne,  from  a, 
privative,  and  iivnan,  '  memory.'  Mo'ria  imbec"- 
ilia  amne'aia,  Obliv'io,  llecollectio' nia  jnctu'ra, 
DyacBathe'aia  inter'na,  Debil'itas  memo'ria:,  Me- 
mo'ria  dele'ta,  (F.)  Perte  de  Memoire,  '  loss  of 
memory.'  By  some  nosologists,  amnesia  con- 
stitutes a  genus  of  diseases.  By  most,  it  is  con- 
sidered only  as  a  symptom,  which  may  occur  in 
many  diseases. 

AMNESTIA,  Amnesia. 

AMNIO,  Amniotic. 

AMNIO  AOID,  Amniotic  acid. 

AMNIITIS,  Amnitis. 

AMNIOOLEP'SIS,  from  amnios,  and  (cAsirra, 
'I steal  or  take  away  clandestinely.'  Premature 
escape  of  the  liquor  amnii. 

AMNIORRHCE'A,  from  amnioa,  and  ptu,  'I 
flow.'  A  premature  discharge  of  the  liquor  amnii. 

AM'NION,  Am'nioa,  Amniiim,  Jlym'nium, 
Charta  virgin'ea,  Armatu' ra,  Agni'na  inembra'na, 
Pellu'cida  memhra'na,  Galea,  Scepar'uum,  fndii'- 
eium,  Amic'ulum,  ifenibra'na  fa;tum  invol'vena. 
The  innermost  of  the  enveloping  membranes  of 
the  foetus: — so  called  because  first  observed  in 
the  sheep  (?),  {afivoi,  '  a  sheep.')  It  is  thin,  trans- 
parent, perspirable,  and  possesses  many  delicate 
colourless  vessels,  which  have  not  been  injected. 
It  is  generally  considered  to  be  produced  by  a 
fold  of  the  external  layer  of  the  germinal  mem- 
brane, rising  up,  and  gradually  enveloping  the 
embryo.  Its  external  surface  is  feebly  united  to 
the  chorion  by  areolar  and  vascular  filaments. 
Its  inner  surface  is  polished,  and  is  in  contact 
with  the  body  of  the  fwtus  and  the  liquor  amnii. 

AMNIOT'IO,  Amniot'icua,  Amiiic,  Am'nicna, 
(F.)  Amniotique  ou  Amnique.  Relating,  or  ap- 
pertaining, to  the  amnios. 

AMNIOT'IO  AOID,  Ac"idum  am'nicum  seu 
amniot'icum.  A  peculiar  acid,  found  by  Vauque- 
lin  and  Buniva  in  the  liquor  amnii  of  the  cow. 

AjVNIQUE,  Amniotic. 

AMNI'TIS,  Amnii'tie,  from  amnion  and  itia, 
'inflammation.'     Inflammation  of  the  amnion. 

AMQllNOMA'NIA,  from  amoenna,  'agreeable,' 
and  mania.  A  form  of  mania  in  which  the  hal- 
lucinations are  of  an  agreeable  character. 

AMOME  FAUX,  Sison  amomum. 

AMO'MUM  OARDAMO'MUM  (Ph.  D.),  A. 
verum,  Alpin'ia  cardamo'mnm,  Caro'pi,  Mato'nia 
Cardamo' mum,  Eletta'ria  Cardamo'mum,  Carda- 
mo'mnm Minna,  Leaaer,  True,  or  Officinal  Car'da- 
mom,  (F.)  Cardamome  de  la  Cote  de  Malabar, 
Cardamome.  Ord.  Zingiberaceaj.  The  fruit  of 
this  East  India  plant — Cardamomnm,  (Ph.  U.  S.), 
C.  Malabaren'ae  —  has  an  agreeable,  aromatic 
odour,  and  a  pungent,  grateful  taste.  It  is  car- 
minative and  stomachic:  but  is  chiefly  used  to 
give  warmth  to  other  remedies.  It  is  called  Amo- 
mia.     Dose,  gr.  v  to  ^j- 

The  Amo'mum  Cardamo'mnm  of  Linnaeus,  Clus- 
ter or  Round  Cardamom  of  Sumatra,  Java,  and 
other  islands  eastward  of  the  Bay  of  Bengal, 
yields  the  round  Cardamom,  Cardamo'mnm  ro- 
tun'dum,  of  the  shops.  The  fruits,  in  their  native 
clusters  or  spikes,  constituting  the  Amo'mum  ra- 
cetno'aum,  are  rarely  met  with. 

Amomum  Ourcuma,  Ourcuma  longa. 

Amomum  Galanga,  Maranta  galanga. 

Amomum  Guakum  Paradisi,  A.  max'imum, 
Cardamo'mum  majua  seu  pipera'tnm,  Melegnet'ta, 
Jfanigiiet'ta.  Greater  cardamom  seeds — Grana 
Paradi'ai,  Grains  of  Paradise,   (F.)  Graines  d6 


AMOR 


54 


AMULETUM 


Parndis—rcsemh\e  A.  cardnmomum  in  properties. 
They  are  extremely  hot,  and  not  much  used. 

Amomtm.  Gukat-winged,  Amomum  maximum 
— a.  Ilirsutuni,  Costus. 

Amomum  Max'imum,  Great-winged  Amomnm, 
Yields  the  fruit  known  in  commerce  by  the  names 
Jam  or  Xepnl  C'(rd.n,wm9,  lieiig'd  Cardamoms 
of  the  Calcutta  market,  ic— Pereira. 

Amomum  Montanum,  see  Cassumuniar — a-  Pi- 
menta,  see  Myrtus  piraenta — a.  Raeemosum,  see 
A.  cardamomum— a.  Sylvestre,  see  Cassumuni.nr 
— a.  Zedoaria,  Kiempferia  rotunda — a.  Zerumbet, 
see  Cassumuniar. 

Amomum  Zin'giber,  Zin'gHer  nffieina'le  seu 
album  seu  nir/rvm  seu  commu'ne,  Ziii'ziber,  Gin- 
ger, (F.)  Ginijemhre.  The  block  and  white  ginger, 
Zin'ziber  fnscnm  et  nlbnm,  Zin'giber  (Ph.  U.  S.), 
are  the  rhizoma  of  the  same  plant,  Zin'giber  offi- 
cinu'le,  the  difference  depending  upon  the  mode 
of  preparing  them. 

The  odour  of  K'ng*^""  i**  aromatic  ;  taste  w.arra, 
aromatic,  and  acrid.  It  yields  its  virtues  to  alco- 
hol, and  in  a  great  degree  to  water.  It  is  car- 
minative, stimulant,  and  sialogogue. 

Preserved  Ginger,  Zingib'crin  Radix  Condi' ta, 
Badix  Zingib'eris  condi'ta  ex  India,  alla'ta,  is  a 
condiment  which  possesses  all  the  virtues  of 
ginger. 

Ginger-Beer  Powders  may  ba  formed  of  wliite 
ingar'"^]  and  ^ij,  J/'".'yc)-  gT.\,  mbcm-bnnate  of 
soda  g'r.  xxxvj,  in  each  blue  paper;  acid  of  tar- 
tar ^iss,  in  each  white  paper — for  half  a  pint  of 
water. 

Oxley's  Concentrated  Eisencc  of  Jamaica  Gin- 
ger is  a  solution  of  ginger  in  rectified  spir't. 
AMOR,  Love. 
AMOHGE.  Amurca. 
AMOKPHUS,  Anhistous,  Anideus. 
AMOSTEUS,  Osteocolla. 

AMOUR,  Love — a.  Physique,  Appetite,  vene- 
real. 

AMOUREUX,  (muscle.)  Obliquus  superior 
oculi. 

AMPAC,  Amp'acxts.     An  East  India  tree,  the 
leaves  of  which  have  a  strong  odour,  and  are 
used  in  baths  as  detergents.    A  very  odoriferous 
resin  is  obtained  from  it. 
AMPAR,  Succinum. 
AMPELOCARPUS,  Galium  aparine. 
AMPELOPRASUM.  Allium. 
AMPELOP'SIS  QUINQUEFO'LIA,  (a/^TreXoj, 
'the  vine,'  and   onIis,   'appearance,')    Virgin' ian 
Creeper,  American   Toy,  Five-leaved  Ivy,    Woody 
Climber.     An   indigenous  climbing  plant.     Ord. 
Vitaceae ;  which  flowers  in  July.     It  has  been 
advised  as  an  expectorant. 

AMPELOS,  Yitis  vinifera — a.  Agria,  Bryonia 
alba — a.  Idaja,  Vaccinium  Vitis  Idaea — a.  Melaena, 
Tamus  communis — a.  Oinophorus,' Vitis  vinifera. 
AMPHAMPIIOTERODIOPSIA,  Diplopia. 
AMPHARIS'TEROS,  Anibila'vus,  'awkward;' 
from  afitpt,  and  aptarepos,  'the  left.'  Opposed  to 
ambidexter. 

AiMPHEMERTNOS,  Quotidian. 
AMPHEMERUS,  Quotidian. 
AMPHI,    a/jc/)i,  'both,  around,  on    all   sides.' 
Hence,  a  prefix  in  many  of  the  following  terms. 
AMPHIAM,  Opium. 

AMPHIARTHRO'SIS,  from  a/i^i,  'both,'  and 
Bo$-(<ij>in;,  '  articulation.'  A  mixed  articulation, 
in  which  the  corresponding  surfaces  of  bones  are 
united  in  an  intimate  manner  by  an  intermediate 
body,  which  allows,  however,  of  some  slight  mo- 
tion. Such  is  the  junction  of  the  bodies  of  the 
vertebrae  by  means  of  the  intervertebral  car- 
tilages. This  articulation  has  also  been  called 
Diarthrose  de  Continuite.  The  motion  it  permits 
is  but  slight. 
AMPHIBLESTROIDITIS,  Retinitis. 


AMPIIIT5LE.STR0TDES,  Reticular. 

AMPUIBLESTROMALA'CIA,  Amph,h!e,. 
troidomala'eia,  from  amphiblcxtroides  (""^ombra- 
na),  <  the  retina,  and  //aXa^.a,  'softening.  Mol- 
lescence  or  softening  of  the  retina. 

AMPJIIBRAN'CllIA,  from  a//^i,  around, 
and /3payx'«.  '  tl'e  throat.'  Amphibron'chia.  The 
tonsils  and  neighbouring  parts.— Hippocrates. 

AMPIIICAUSTIS,  Vulva. 

AMIIID'EUM,  from  a^l(|>l,  'around,'  and  dem, 
'I  bind.'  The  outermost  margin  of  the  cervix 
uteri  ;  the  L(tbium  uteri. 

AMPJIIDEXIUS,  Ambidexter. 

AMPIIIDIARTHRO'SIS,  from  a//0i,  'about,' 
and  ^i«p5f)u)(ns,  '  moveable  joint.'  A  name  givea 
by  Winslow  to  the  temporo-maxillary  articulii- 
tion,  because,  according  to  that  anatomist,  it 
partakes  both  of  ginglymus  and  arthrodia. 

A5IPHIESMA  CORDIS,  Pericardium. 

AMPHIMERINA,  Pertussis— a.  llcctica,  Hec- 

tie  fever. 

AMPIIIMERINOS,  Quotidian. 
AMPHION,  Maslach. 
AMPIIIPLEX,  Perinffium. 
AMPIIIPNEUMA,  Dyspnoea. 
AMPHISMELA,  Knife,  dguble-edgod. 
AMPlllSMILE,  Knife,  double-edged. 
AMPIIISPIIAL'SIS,     Circnmac'tio,      Circum. 
duetio,  from  a/i'/x,  'around,'  and  aipaXXw,  'I  wan- 
der.'    The  movement  of  circumduction  used  in 
reducing  luxations.— Hippocrates. 
AMPHODIPLOPIA,  see  Diplopia. 
AM'PHORA,  per  syncop.  for  n/j^iiioptvs,  from 
ajiipi,  'on  both  sides,'  and  ^ipm,  '  I  bear  :'  because 
it  had  two    handles.     A  liquid   measure  among 
the    ancients,   containing    above    seven    gallons. 
Also  called  Quadrant'al,  Cera'miurn,  Ceram'nium, 
Cadui:. 

AMPHORIC  RESPIRATION,  see  Cavernous 
Respiration. 

AMPHOTERODIPLOPIA,  see  Diplopia. 
AMPHRODIPLOPIA,  Diplopia. 
AMPLEXATIO,  Coition. 
AMPLEXUS,  Coition. 
AMPLIFICATIO,  Platynosis. 
AMPLIOPIA,  Amblyopia. 
AMPOSIS,  Anaposis. 
AMPOULES,  Essera. 
AMPUL'LA,  (L.)  'A  bottle.'     A 
bag,  shaped  like  a  leathern  bottle. 
EUiptica.     In  pharmacy,  a  receiver. 

Ampulla  Chylifera  seu  Chyli,  Recepta- 
culum  chyli. 

AMPULLA,  Phlyctaense. 
AMPUTATION,  Amputa'tio,  from  amputnre, 
amputatum,  (aw),  '  around,'  and  jmtare,  '  to  cut 
off.')  Apot'ome,  Apotom'ia.  The  operation  of 
separating,  by  means  of  a  cutting  instrument,  a 
limb  or  a  part  of  a  limb,  or  a  projecting  pnrt,  as 
the  mamma,  penis,  &c.,  from  the  rest  of  the  body. 
In  the  case  of  a  tumour,  the  terra  excision,  re- 
moval, or  extirpation,  (F.)  Resection,  is  more  com- 
monly used. 

Amputation,  Circular,  is  that  in  which  the 

integuments  and  muscles  are  divided  circularly. 

Amputation,  Flap,    (F.)    A.   a   lambeaux,  is 

when  one  or  two  flaps  are  left  so  as  to  cover  the 

stump  when  the  limb  has  been  removed. 

Amputation,  Joint,  Exarticula'tio,  (F.)  A. 
dans  I'artiele  ou  dans  la  contiyuite  des  membrei, 
is  when  the  limb  is  removed  at  an  articulation. 

Each  amputation  requires  a  different  process, 

•which  is  described  in  works  on  operative  surgery. 

Amputation,  Spontaneous,  see  Spontaneous. 

AMULET,  Amulctum. 

AMULETTE,  Amuletum. 

AMULE'TUM,  from  amoliri,  'to  remove.'  An 

Amxdct,    Perium'ma,    Apotropm'um,    Periap'ton, 

Phyiacte'rion,  Apoteles'ma,  Exuvte'ma,  Akxica!- 


membranous 

See  Cavilas 


AMURCA 


AMYRIS   COMMIPHORA 


eum,  PrfEtervatl'viim,  Proha8ca'nium,Prolaiican'. 
tiuni,  (F.)  Amutette.  Any  image  or  substance 
worn  about  the  person  for  the  purpose  of  pre- 
venting disease  or  danger. 

AMIJR'CA,  Arnur'ijii,  aitopyn,  from  a/iepyu),  'I 
press  out.'  The  marc  or  grounds  remaining  after 
olives  have  been  crushed  and  deprived  of  their 
oil.     It  has  been  used  as  an  application  to  ulcers. 

AMUlUiA,  Amurca. 

AM  USA,  Musa  Paradisiaca. 

A'^IYCE,  Amycha,  Amyx'ta.  Excoriation,  Sca- 
rification. 

AMYCIIA,  Amyee. 

AMYC'TICA,  from  a/iuutru,  'I  lacerate.'  Me- 
dicines which  stimulate  and  vellicate  the  skin. — 
Cajlius  Aurelinnus. 

AMY  DOLE,  Fecula. 

AMYDKIASIS,  Mydriasis. 

AMYKL'IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  /lutXof, 
'marrow.'  A  monstrous  formation,  in  which 
there  is  an  absence  of  spinal  marrow. 

AMY'ELONER'VIA;  from  a,  privative, /xueXoj, 
'marrow,' and  vevpov,  'nerve.'  Paralysis  or  de- 
ficient action  of  the  .«pinal  marrow. 

AMYELOTROPH'IA,  from  a,  privative,  jtnj£>of, 
'marrow,'  and  T()o<ptj,  'nourishment'  Atrophy 
of  the  spinal  marrow. 

AMYU'DALA,  same  etymon  as  Amyetica; 
because  there  seem  to  be  fissures  in  the  shell. 
The  Almond,  of  which  there  are  two  kinds  ; 
Amyff'daleB  ama'rm  and  A.  dulces,  (F.)  Amandes 
amerei,  and  A.  donees,  obtained  from  two  varie- 
ties of  Aiuyf/'daluD  commitnis  or  A.  snti'va,  Al- 
mond tree,  (Old  Eng. )  AmylUer,  a  native  of  Bar- 
bary.  Ord.  Amygdaleai.  Hex.  Syst.  Icosandria 
Monogynia. 

The  taste  of  Amygdala  dulcii  is  soft  and  sweet  ; 
that  of  A.  nmara,  bitter.  Both  yield,  by  expres- 
sion, a  sweet,  bland  oil.  The  bitter  almond  con- 
tains Prussic  acid.  They  are  chiefly  used  for 
forming  emulsions. 

Amvg'daljE  Pasta,  Almond  Paste,  a  cosmetic 
for  softening  the  skin  and  preventing  chaps,  is 
made  of  hitter  almonds,  blanched,  ^iv,  trhite  of 
one  eytj ;  rose  mater,  and  rectified  spirit,  equal 
parts,  or  as  much  as  is  sufficient. 

Amvg'dal>e  Placen'ta,  Almond  Cake,  is  the 
cake  left  after  the  expression  of  the  oil.  The 
ground  Almond  Cake,  Almond,  Powder,  Fari'na 
Amyydala' rum,  is  used  instead  of  soap  for  wash- 
ing the  hands. 

AMYC.nALA,  Tonsil.  Also,  a  lobule  or  promi- 
nenc-e  of  the  cerebellum,  so  called  from  its  resem- 
blance to  an  enlarged  tonsil.  This  and  its  fellow 
of  the  opposite  side  form  the  lateral  boundaries 
of  the  anterior  extremity  of  the  mlley.  and  are 
in  great  part  covered  by  the  medulla  oblongata. 
The  Amygdala3  are  seated  on  either  side  of  the 
uvula,  in  the  fourth  ventricle. 

AMYU' DALATOME,  Amygdalat'omiis,  from 
aytvyliaXrj,  '  tonsil,'  and  Topri,  '  incision  ;'  impro- 
perly Tonsillitome, —  Tonsil-guillotine,  (F.)  Se'ca- 
teur  des  Amygdales.  An  instrument  fqr  surgery 
and  excising  a  portion  of  the  tonsil.  See  Kio- 
tome. 

AMY'GDALATUM,  Emulsio  amygdalae. 

AM  YG DALE,  Tonsil. 

AM\''(j'])ALIN,  Amygdali'num,  Amygdali'na, 
Amij(/'daline.  A  principle  contained  in  bitter 
almonds,  which  is  prepared  by  pressing  the 
bruised  almonds  between  heated  plates  to  sepa- 
rate the  fat  oil :  boiling  the  residue  in  alcohol  ; 
evaporatinsr,  and  treating  with  ether,  which  pre- 
cipitates the  aniygdalin  in  a  crystalline  powder. 
A  weak  solution'  of  it,  under  the  influence  of  a 
email  quantity  of  emulsin  or  synatapse,  which 
constitutes  the  larger  portion  of  the  pulp  of  al- 
monds, yields  at  once  oil  of  bitter  almonds  and 
hydrocyanic  acid. 


fusel. 


AMYGDALITIS,  Cynanche  tonsillaris. 

AMYGDALUS,  see  Amygdala. 

Amvgdalits  Communis,  see  Amygdala. 

Amygdalus  Pek'.sica,  Per'sica  vulga'ris.  '  The 
common  peach-tree,  (F.)  Picher.  The  leaves  and 
flowers  have  been  considered  laxative.  They  are 
bitter  and  aromatic,  and  have  been  given  in  hae- 
maturia,  nephritis,  <fec.  The  fruit  is  one  of  the 
pleasant  and  wholesome  summer  fruits,  when 
ripe.  The  kernels,  Amyg'dala  Per'sicce,  as  well 
as  the  flowers,  contain  prussic  acid. 

Peach  Brandy  is  distilled  from  the  fruit,  and 
is  much  used  in  the  United  States. 

AMYGMOS,  Scarification. 

AMY'L,  Amylum. 
,       AMYLA'CEOUS,    Amyla'ceus,    (F.)   Amylace, 
'i  from  amylum,  'starch.'     Having  the  nature  of) 
or  containing  starch.     Starchy,  starch-like. 

Amylackous  Bodies,  Corpora  amvlaeea 

AMYLE,  HYDRATED  OXIDE  OF,  Oil,  1 

AMY'LENE,  see  Potato  oil. 

AMYLEON,  Amylum. 

AMYLI  lODIDUM,  Starch,  iodide  of— a. 
loduretum.  Starch,  iodide  of. 

AMYLLIER,  see  Amygdala. 

AMYLOID  BODIES,  Corpora  amylacea. 

A'iMY'LUM,  A'midum,  Fec'ula,  Amyl'eon, 
Awyl'ion,  Am'ylon,  from  a,  priv.,  and  pv'Xri,  'a 
mill,'  because  ujade  without  a  mill.  Starch,  (Old 
Eng.)  Amyl,  (F.)  Amidon,  Amylon.  Starch  of 
Wheat,  Fari'na,  Trit' ici  fari'na,  Amylum  tritic"- 
eum  seu  Trit'ici,  Fec'ula  Amyla'cea,  is  inodorous 
and  insipid,  white  and  friable.  It  is  insoluble  in 
cold  water  and  alcohol,  but  forms  with  boiling 
water  a  strong,  semi-transparent  jelly.  It  is  de- 
mulcent, and  is  used  as  an  emollient  glyster,  and 
as  the  vehicle  for  opium,  when  given  per  anum. 
Starch  is  met  with  abundantly  in  all  the  cereal 
grains,  in  the  stalks  of  many  of  the  palms,  in 
some  lichens,  and  in  many  tuberous  roots,  par- 
ticularly in  the  bulbs  of  the  orchis. 

Amylitm  Americanum,  see  Arrow-root  —  a. 
Cannaceum,  Tous-les-mois — a.  lodatum.  Starch, 
iodide  of — a.  Manihoticum,  see  Jatropha  manihot 
— a.  Marantaceum,  Arrow-root — a.  Palmaceum, 
Sago — a.  Querneum,  Racahout. 

A'MY'ON,  from  a  priv.,  and  itvov,  '  a  muscle,' 
Emnscula'tus.  Without  muscle.  Applied  to  the 
limbs,  when  so  extenuated  that  the  muscles  can- 
not be  distinguished. 

AMYOSIS,  Synezizis. 

AMYOSTHENI'A,  (F.)  Amyosthenie,  from  a, 
priv.,  ixvwv,  'a  muscle,'  and  a^ivof,  'strength.' 
Defect  of  muscular  contraction. 

AMYOSTHENIE  CYSTUItlQUE, Paralysis 
of  the  bladder. — Piorry. 

AMYRIS  COMMIPHORA,  see  Bdellium. 

Am'vuis  Elemif'era,  (a.  intensive,  and  fivpov, 
'an  odoriferous  ointment,'  because  it  enters  into 
the  composition  of  such.)  (F.)  Balsamier  ou 
Baumier  Flemifere.  Ord.  TerebinthacesB.  Sex. 
Syst.  Octandria  Monogynia.  The  plant  whence 
it  has  been  supposed  Gum  El'emi  is  obtained. 
This  gum  or  resin  is  brought  from  the  Spanish 
East  and  West  Indies.  Brazilian  Elemi,  accord- 
ing to  Dr.  Royle,  is  produced  by  Icica  Icicariba  ; 
3Icxican  Elemi,  by  Ela'phrium  elemiferum  /  and 
Manilla  Elemi,  by  Cana'rium  commu'ne.  It  is 
softish,  transparent,  of  a  pale  whitish  colour,  in- 
clining a  little  to  green,  and  of  a  strong,  though 
not  unpleasant  smell.  It  is  only  used  in  oint- 
ments and  plasters,  and  is  a  digestive. 

Amyris  Gileadensis,  see  A.  opobalsamum. 

Am'yris  OpobAL'saMUM,  (F.)  Balsamier  OU 
Baumier  de  la  Mecque,  lial'sem,  Bal'samum.  The 
plant  from  which  is  obtained  the  Balsam  op 
Mecca,  Bal'samum  genui'num  antiquo'rum  seu 
Asiat'icum    seu    Juda'icum   seu   Syriacum  seu  c 


AMYRON 


56 


AN.15STHETIC 


Jlfeccd  seu  Alpi'm,  linlsamcla'on,  yFgi/ptiacum 
Jlal'iinniuiii,  Coca  ihnV  Hit  mum,  Oleum  Bal'sami, 
Opobiil'Humum,  Xylohiil'mmum,  Biiham  or  Balm 
of  Gileitd,  (F.)  Boume  liUinc,  B.  ile  Uoustantino- 
],lc  bluuc,  B.  cie  Galaad,  B.  (ht  Grand  Cuire,  B. 
Vrai,  Terebinth ine  de  Gilead,  T.  d' Kgtjpte,  T.  du 
Grand  K'airc,  T.  de  Judee.  A  resinous  juice  ob- 
tained by  making  incisions  into  Ami/ris  ojiohnV- 
sdinum  and  ^1.  Gileaden'fiis  of  LinniBUS,  Balsa- 
inadeu'dron  Gile'iden'se  of  Kunth.  The  juice  of 
the  fruit  is  called  Uarpobid'namum  ;  that  of  the 
wood  and  branches  Xi/lobal'namiim.  It  has  the 
general  properties  of  the  milder  Terebinthinates. 
Amvhis  ToM^:.NTOsu^f,  Fagara  octandra. 
AMYUON,  Carlhiunus  tinctorius. 
A'MYUS,  from  a,  privative,  and  /ivs,  'a  mouse, 
a  muscle.'     Weak  or  poor  in  muscle. 

AMYX'IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  iiv^a,  'mu- 
cus.'    Deficiency  of  mucus. 

AMYXIS,  Amyce,  Scarification. 
ANA,  ava,  a  word  which  signifies  'of  each.' 
It  is  used  in  prescriptions  as  well  as  ii  and  fia,  its 
abbreviations.  As  a  prefix  to  words,  it  means 
'in,'  'through,'  'upwards,'  'above,'  in  opposition 
to  cata;  —  also,  'repetition,'  like  the  English  re. 
Hence, — 

ANAB'ASIS,  from  avajiaivi^,  'I  ascend.'     The 
first  period  of  a  disease,  or  that  of  increase. — 
Galeu.     See  Augmentation. 
ANABEXIS,  E.\pectoration 
ANABLEP'SIS,  from  ava,  'again,'  and  jSXtira), 
'I  see.'     Restoration  to  sight. 

ANABOL^'ON,  Aunbok'us,  from  avnjSaWu,  'I 
cast  up.'  An  ointment  for  extracting  darts  or 
other  extraneous  bodies. 

ANAB'OLE,  from  ava,  'upwards,'  and  fiaWu, 
'I  cast.'  Ana(/o'(je,  Anapjh'oru,  Anacine'mu, 
Anacine'sis.  An  evacuation  upwards.  An  act 
by  which  certain  matters  are  ejected  by  the 
mouth.  In  common  acceptation  it  includes,  ex- 
xpuition,  expectoration,  reijuryitation,  and  vomit- 
iny. 

ANABROCHIS'MDS,  Anahron'cliismus,  from 
uva,  'with,'  and  fiito'xoi,  'a  running  knot.'     An 
operation  for  removing  the  eye-lashes,  for  exam- 
ple, when  they  irritate  the  eye,  by  means  of  a 
iuiir  knotted  around  them. — Hippocrates,  Galen, 
Celsus,  Ac. 
ANABRONCHISMUS,  Anabrochismus. 
ANABROSIS,  Corrosion,  Erosion. 
ANACAMPSEROS,  Sedum  telephijim. 
ANAC.AR'DIUM  OCCIDENTA'LE,  {ava  and 
Kupiia,  '  heart,'  from  the  resemblance  of  the  fruit 
to  a  dried  heart,)  Aeajn'bn  occidenta'lix,  Cussu'- 
vinm  pnmif'erum.  Cashew  (  W.  Indies.)   (F.)  Ac'- 
iijou.    Ord.  Terebinthaceae.    Sex.  Si/at.    Ennean- 
dria  Monogynia.     The    Oil   of  tf^   Casheie  Xut, 
O'leum   Anacar'dii,   (P.)   Huile   d' Acajou,   is   an 
Hctive  caustic,  and  used  as  such  in  the  countries 
where  it  grows,  especially  for  destroying  warts, 
<tc. 

Anacaudthm  Orientalr,  Avicenniatomentosa. 
ANACATHAR'SIS,  from  ava,  'upwards,'  and 
Ko^aipnv,  'to  purge.'     Purgation  upwards.     Ex- 
pectoration.    See,  also,  Repurgatio. 

Anacatharsis  Catarbhalis  Simplex,  Ca- 
tarrh. 

ANACATHARTICUS,  Expectorant. 
ANACESTOS,  Incurable. 
ANACHREMPSIS,  E.xspuition. 
ANACHRON,  Soda. 
ANACINEMA,  Anabole,  Exspuition. 
ANACINESIS,  Anabole,  Exspuition. 
ANACLASIS.  Repercussion. 
ANACLINTE'RIUM.    Anadin'tmm,  liecuhi- 
to'rium,  from  uva/cAivn),  '  I  recline.'     A  long  chair 
or  seat,  so  formed  that  the  person  can  rest  in  a 
reclining  posture. 
ANACLINTKUM,  Anaclinterium. 


ANACOLLE'MA,    from    ava,    'together,    and 
KoWuui,  '  I  glue'     A  healing  medicine. 
Anacoi-i.kmata,  FrontJil  bandages. 
ANACOLUP'PA.     A  creeping  plant  ot  Mala- 
bar, the  juice  of  which,  mixed   with  powdered 
pepper,  passes  in  India  as  a  cure  for  epilepsy, 
and  as  the  only  remedy  for  the  bito  of  the  naja. 
It  is  supposed  to  be  Zapa'nia  nodi/lo'ra. 
ANA  COL  UTIIIE,   Incoherence. 
ANACOMIDE,  Restauratio. 
ANACONCHYLIASMUS,  Gargarism. 
ANACONCIIYLISMUS,  Gargarism. 
ANACTESIS,  Restauratio. 
ANACTIRION,  Artemisia. 
ANACYCLEOiN,  Charlatan. 
ANACYCLUS    OFFICINARUM,  see  Anthe- 
mis  Pyrethrum  —  a.  Pyrethrum,  Anthemis  pyre- 
thrum. 

ANADESMUS,  Fascia. 

ANADIPLO'SIS,  from  ava,  'again,'  and  JtirXou, 
'I  double.'  Epniiadiplo'sis,  Epanale]/si^,  Bedii- 
pllca'tio.  The  redoubling  which  occurs  in  a 
paroxysm  of  an  intermittent,  when  its  type  is 
double. — Galen,  Alexander  of  Tralles, 
ANADORA,  Ecdora. 

ANAD'OSIS,  from  avaSiSuiiit,  'I  give  up.' 
Purgation  upwards,  as  by  vomiting.  Congestion 
of  blood  towards  the  upper  parts  of  the  body. 
Anadonis  seems  also  to  have  occasionally  meant 
chylification,  whilst  diadosis  meant  capillary  nu- 
trition,— Hippocrates,  Galen. 

ANAD'ROME,  from  ava,  'upwards,'  and  hpifih), 
'  I  run.'  The  transport  of  a  humour  or  pain  from 
a  lower  to  an  upper  part. —  Hippocrates.  Also, 
the  globus  hystericus.     See  Angone. 

ANjEDOiVUS,  from  av,  privative,  and  atioia, 
'organs  of  generation.'  A  monster  devoid  of 
sexual  organs. 

AN^MATOPOE'SIS,  from  a,  av,  privative, 
'atixa,  'blood,'  and  ttouui,  'I  make.'  Impeded  ur 
obstructed  htematosis. 

ANjEMATO'SIS,  AnJicBJnato'sis,  from  a,  av, 
privative,  and  'aifta,  'blood.'  Defective  hasma- 
tosis  or  preparation  of  the  blood.     Anaemia. 

AN^'MIA,  Exa'mia,  Ana'masiH,  Aiihce'mia, 
Anhcp.malo'sia,  Poli/anhw'niin,  AncBiiio'sin,  OlitjOi'- 
mia,  OligohoB'mia,  Hiiprn'mia,  HydnxB'min,  Hy- 
drce'mia,  Aiie'niia,  (F.)  Anemie,  Aiihemic,  Anlii- 
matoeie,Poli/anheinie,  Hijdrolieinie,  Exxanyiiin'itif, 
Blood' lessness  :  from  u,  priv.,  and  'aifia,  'blood.' 
Privation  of  blood  ; — the  opposite  to  plethora.  It 
is  characterized  by  every  sign  of  debility.  Also, 
diminished  quantity  of  fluids  in  the  capillary  ves- 
sels : — the  opposite  to  Hyperamia. — The  essential 
character  of  the  blood  in  anaemia  is  diminution 
in  the  ratio  of  red  corpuscles. 

AN^'MIC,  Anem'ie,  Ana'micus ;  same  ety- 
mon. Appertaining  or  relating  to  ana?mia,  —  as 
an  "«»<BHn'c  person."     See  Exsanguious. 

ANtEMOCH'ROUS,  from  a,  av,  privative,  'aijia, 
'  blood,'  and  xi'°'^>  '  colour.'  Devoid  of  colour, 
pale. 

ANiEMOSIS,  Ana?mia. 

AN^MOT'ROPHY,  AncBmotroph'in  :  from  av, 
privative,  -aifxa,  'blood,'  and  Tpoipn,  •'nourish- 
ment.' A  deficiency  of  sanguineous  nourishment. 
— -Prout. 

ANiEMYDRTA,  Anhydramia. 
ANiESTHE'SIA,  Anasthe'ais,  Insensibil'itai, 
Analge'sia,  Parap  sis  expers,  (F.)  Anesthesie ; 
from  a,  privative,  and  ataOavoiiat,  '  1  feel.'  Pri- 
vation of  sensation,  and  especially  of  that  of 
touch,  according  to  some.  It  may  be  general  or 
partial,  and  is  almost  always  symptomatic. 

An^sthksia  GusTAToniA,  Agcustia  — a.  Lin- 
guae,  Ageustia— a.  Olfactoria,  Anosmia— a.  Optic, 
Amaurosis. 

ANiESTHESIS,  Ana-sthesia. 
1      AN^STHET'IC,    Ancsthet'ic,    Anasthet'kut^ 


AN^ESTIIETIZATION 


67 


ANAPNOE 


fF.)  AnenlJieaique  ;  same  etymon,  as  Anantheiia. 
Iloliiting  t(j  privation  of  feeling,  as  an  "  (iiiwxlhetic 
agent;"  one  that  prevents  feeling.  The  term  is, 
now,  almost  rustrieted  to  agents,  which  produce 
such  ell'ect  by  being  received  into  the  lungs  in 
the  form  of  vapours  or  gases,  and  passing  with 
the  blood  to  the  nervous  centres  on  which  their 
action  is  exerted.  Perhaps,  as  a  general  rule, 
the  intcllectuiil  faculties  first  feel  their  influence, 
— a  sort  of  intoxication  supervening,  with  imper- 
fect power  of  regulating  the  movements ;  the 
sensory  ganglia  become  afterwards  or  simulta- 
neously affected,  sensation  and  motion  arc 
suspended,  and  ultimately,  if  the  quantity  in- 
haled be  sufficient,  the  medulla  oblongata  has  its 
actions  suspended  or  destroyed,  respiration  ceases, 
and  death  is  the  consequence.  Different  agents 
have  been  used  as  ansBsthetics  by  way  of  inhala- 
tion—  sulphuric  ether,  chloroform,  chloric  ether, 
compound  ether,  chlorohydric  and  nitric  ethers, 
bisulphuret  of  carbon,  chloride  of  olefiant  gas, 
benzin,  aldehyde,  light  coal-tar  naphtha,  <fcc.  ; 
but  the  first  four  are  alone  employed.  They  have 
been,  and  are,  greatly  used  in  serious  surgical 
operations,  and  during  parturition;  and  in  such 
cases,  as  well  as  in  many  diseases,  especially  of  a 
painful  nature,  produce  the  most  beneficial  results. 

AN.E.STIIETIZA'TION,  (F.)  AneHthetlmtion; 
same  etymon.  The  condition  of  the  nervous  sys- 
tem induced  by  anaesthetics. 

ANAGAL'LIS,  from  ava,  and  ya\a,  'milk,' 
from  its  power  of  coagulating  milk.  A.arven'sis 
A.  Ph<pnic"en,  Med  Piin'pernel,  Scarlet  Pimper- 
vel,  S'/i'pherd'H  Snii-didl.  Nat.  Ord.  Primulaceae. 
»SV.r.  Sjnt.  Pentandria  Monogynia.  (F.)  Mourou 
roiKje.  A  common  European  plant;  a  reputed 
antispasuiodio  and  stomachic. 

Another  species — Anaijal'lis  caru'lea  is  a  mere 
variety  of  the  above. 

Anarallis  Aquatioa,  Veronica  Beccabunga. 

ANAUARGALICTON,  Gargarism. 

ANAGARGARrSMUS,  Gargarism. 

ANAGARGARLSTON,  Gargarism. 

ANA(tLYPHE,  Calamus  scriptorius. 
'    ANAGNOSTAKIS,  see  Ophthalmoscope. 

ANAGOGE,  Anabole,  Rejection. 

ANAGRAPHE,  Prescription. 

ANAG'YRIS,  Anag'yris  fue'tida,  Anag'yrus, 
Ac'opov,  Stinkitig  Bean  Trefoil.  (F.)  Anngyre, 
from  avfiyio.  '  I  lead  upwards'  [  ?  ].  Native  of  Italy. 
The  leaves  are  powerfully  purgative.  The  juice 
is  said  to  be  diuretic,  and  the  seeds  emetic. — Di- 
oscoriiles,  Paulus. 

ANAGYRUS,  Anagyris. 

ANAL,  Ana' I  is.  That  which  refers  to  the 
anus  ; — as  Anal  region,  <tc. 

ANAL'DIA,  (F.)  Analdie ;  from  a,  av,  priva- 
tive, and  aMuv,  'to  grow.'    Defective  nutrition. 

AXALEMSIA,  Analepsia. 

ANALENTIA,  Analepsia. 

ANALEP'SIA,  Analep'sis,  Analen'tia,  Ana- 
lem'nia,  from  ava,  'fresh,'  and  Xa/i/iawiv.  (future 
X»;'|o/<"i.)  'to  take.'  Restoration  to  strength  after 
disease. — Galen.  A  kind  of  sympathetic  epilepsy, 
originating  from  gastric  disorder.     See  Epilepsy. 

Also,  the  supi)ort  given  to  a  fractured  extre- 
mity ; — Appen'sio. — Hippocrates. 

ANALEPSIS,  Convalescence,  Restauratio. 

ANALEP'TICA,  Anapoi/n'tica,  Psi/e}!ol'ica, 
Refeeti'vn,  Rejicien'tia,  liestanrun'tia,  Analep'- 
tiea,  same  et.ymon.  Rentorative  medicines  or 
food  ;  such  as  are  adapted  to  recruit  the  strength 
during  convalescence;  —  as  sago,  salep,  tapioca, 
jelly.  Ac. 

AxALKPTic  Pills,  James's,  consist  o{  James's 
Powdir,  Gnm  Aminouiacnm,  and  Pills  of  Aloes 
and  Miirrh,  equal  parts,  with  Tincture  of  Castor, 
sufBcient  to  form  a  mass. 


ANALGE'SIA,  Anal'gia,  from  a,  av,  priv.,  and 
a\yoi,  'pain.'  Absence  of  pain  both  in  health 
and  disease.     See  Anaesthesia. 

ANALGIA,  Analgesia. 

AN'ALOGUE,  Anal'ogus ;  from  ava,  'again,' 
and  Xoyof,  'a  description.'  A  part  in  one  orga- 
nized being  which  has  the  same  function  as  an- 
other part  in  another  organized  being. 

ANALOGOUS  TISSUES,  see  Tissues. 

ANALOSIS,  Atrophy. 

ANALTESIS,  Restauratio. 

ANALTIIES,  Incurable. 

ANAMIRTA  COCCULUS,  Menispermura  coo- 
culus — a.  Peniculata,  Menispermum  cocculus. 

ANAMNES'TIC,  Anamnes'ticnm,  from  ava, 
'again,'  and  infivriaKii),  '  I  remember.'  A  medi- 
cine for  improving  the  memory.  See,  also,  Com- 
memorative. 

ANANAS,  Bromelia  ananas — a.  Aculeata,  Bro- 
melia  ananas — a.  Americana,  Bromelia  pinguin 
—  a.  Ovata,  Bromelia  ananas  —  Wild,  broad- 
leaved,  Bromelia  pinguin. 

ANANAZIP'TA.  A  word  formerly  scrawled 
on  amulets  to  charm  away  disease. 

ANANDRI'A,  from  «,  av,  privative,  and  avttp, 
'a  man.'  Want  of  manliness.  Impotence  in  the 
male.     The  state  and  act  of  emasculation. 

ANANEO'SIS,  Renova'tio  ;  from  ava,  'again,' 
and  v£Of,  'new.'  Renovation  or  renevval, — as  of 
the  blood  by  the  chyliferous  vessels  and  lym- 
phatics. 

ANAPETI'A,  Expan'sio  mea'tttnm,  from  ava, 
and  TTCTau),  '  I  dilate.'  A  state  opposite  to  the 
closure  of  vessels. — Galen. 

ANAPnALANTI'ASIS,^l»fTp^aZnw7(/»m,from 
ava<p(iXavTiiii,  '  bald.'  Loss  of  the  hair  of  the  eye- 
brows.    Also,  baldness  in  general. 

ANAPIIALANTOMA,  Anaphalantiasis. 

ANAPHE,  Anaphia. 

ANAPH'IA,  AnJinph'ia,  An'aphe,  from  a,  av, 
priv.,  and  'atpr],  'touch.'  Diminution  or  privation 
of  the  sense  of  touch. 

ANAPHLASMUS,  Masturbation. 

ANAPIIONE'SIS,  from  ava,  'high,' and  0wv7, 
'voice.'  Exercise  of  the  voice:  vociferalicm  :  — 
the  act  of  crving  out.      Vocifera'tio,  Clamor. 

ANAPHORA,  Anabole. 

ANAPHRODtS'IA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  A(l>po. 
SiTT],  'Venus,'  IJefec'tus  Ven'eris.  Absence  of  the 
venereal  appetite.  Sometimes  used  for  Impotence 
and  Stcrilit!/. 

ANAPHRODTSIAC.  Antaphrodisiac. 

ANAPHROMELI.  Mel  despumatum. 

ANAP'LASIS,  Annplasin'iis,  from  avanXaaau), 
'  I  restore.'  Confirma'tio,  Reposi"tio.  Restora- 
tion. Union  or  consolidation  of  a  fractured  bone. 
— Hippocrates. 

ANAPLASMATIC,  Anaplastic. 

ANAPLASMUS,  Anaplasis. 

ANAPLAS'TIC,  Anaplas'ticns  ;  same  etymon. 
An  epithet  applied  to  the  art  of  restoring  lost 
parts  or  the  normal  shape, — as  'Anaplastic  Sur- 
gery.' See  Morioplastice.  Also  an  agent,  that 
increases  the  amount  of  plastic  matter — fibrin — • 
in  the  blooil;   Anaplasmat'ic. 

ANAPLERO'SIS,  from  avanXijpo'^i  (ava,  and 
jrXijpou',)  'I  fill  up.'  Repleticm.  That  part  of 
surgical  therapeutics  whose  object  is  to  supply 
parts  that  are  wanting.  Also,  Apposition  or 
Prosthesis. 

ANAPLEROTICUS.  Incarnans. 

ANAPLEU'SIS,  FhiPtnn'tio,  Innafa'tio,  from 
avoTtXctv,  {ava  and  nXeu)),  'to  swim  above.'  The 
looseness  or  shaking  of  an  exfoliated  bone  ;  or  of 
a  carious  or  other  tooth,  &c.  —  Hippocrates, 
Paulus. 

ANAPLOSIS.  Growth. 

ANAPNEUSIS,  Respiration. 

ANAPNOE,  Respiration. 


ANAPNOENUSI 


58 


ANATOMY 


ANAPNOENU'SI,  from  anapnoe,  'respira- 
tion,' and  vovoos,  disease.'  Diseases  of  the  re- 
spiratory organs. 

ANAPNO.METER,  Spirometer. 
ANAPODIrfIS  UTERI,  Rotroversio  Uteri. 
ANAl'ODIS.MUS  UTERI.  Ketroversio  Uteri. 
ANAPODOPilYLLUM  CANADENSE,  Podo- 
phyllum peltatum. 

ANAP'OSIS,  Am'posis,  from  ava,  'again,'  and 
rocr(5,  'drink.'  A  recession  of  humours  from  the 
circumference  to  the  centre  of  the  body. — Hippo- 
crates. 

ANAPSE,  Auante. 
ANAPSIA,  Cajcitas. 
ANAPSYCTICA.  Analeptica. 
ANAPTYSIS,  Expectoration. 
ANAPTYXIS,  Growth. 
ANARCOTINA,  Narcotine. 
ANARRHEGNU'MINA,  from  avappvyvt'h  'I 
break  out  again.'     Fractures  are  so  called  when 
they  become  disunited;  as  well  as  ulcers  when 
they  break  out  afresh. 

ANARRHI'NON,  from  ava,  'upwards,'  and 
piv,  '  the  nose.'  That  which  returns  by  the  nose. 
— Gorraeus. 

According  to  others,  that  which  issues  by  the 
skin  ;  from  ava,  and  pivog,  '  the  skin.' 
ANARRHINUM,  Sternutatory. 
ANARRHCE'A,  Auar' rhoe,An<n-rho' pia,  Anas'- 
tanis,  from  ava,  '  upwards,'  and  peot,  '  I  flow.     Af- 
flux of  fluid  towards  the  upjior  part  of  the  body. 
ANARRHOPIIK,  Absorption. 
A  N  A  R  R  H  0  P  H  E  N  U'S  I,  from  anarrhophe, 
'  absorption,'  and  vovaos,  '  disease.'     Diseases  of 
the  absorbents. 

ANARRHOPHESIS,  Absorption. 
ANARRUOPIA,  Anarrhoea. 
ANAR'TIIRUS,  from  av,  priv.  and  ap&pov,  'a 
joint.'  Without  a  joint.  One  who  is  so  fat  that 
his  joints  are  scarcely  perceptible. — Hippocrates. 
ANASAR'CA,  from  ava,  '  through,'  and  aap^, 
aapKos,  '  the  flesh.'  Anasarch'o,  Catasar'co, 
Aqua  intercus  sou  inter  cuteni,  Hypuhur'cn,  Uy- 
diopH  cellnla'rin  toti'iis  cor'pnris,  H.  Anasar' - 
ca  seu  inter'cH8  seu  suhcuta' nena  seu  ceUulo'mis  seu 
cula'neus  seu  tela  cellulo'scB,  Kataaar'ca,  Episar- 
cid'ium,  Hy'deroa,  Hydaton'cus,  Hyderon'ctis, 
Jlydron'cuH,  Hydrosar'ca,  Hydroder' ma,  Hydrojj' - 
isin  vera,  Sitr' cites,  Poly/yin'phia,  Ilypoearcid'iue, 
Leucophlegma' tia,  General  dropsy,  Dropny  of  the 
cellular  membrane,  (F.)  Ana»urque.  Commonly, 
it  begins  to  manifest  itself  by  swelling  around  the 
ankles  ;  and  is  characterized  by  tumefaction  of 
the  limbs  and  of  the  soft  parts  covering  the  ab- 
domen, thorax,  and  even  the  face,  with  paleness 
and  dryness  of  the  skin,  and  pitting  when  any 
of  these  (especially  the  ankles)  are  pressed  upon. 
Like  dropsy  in  general.  Anasarca  may  be  active 
or  passive  ;  and  its  treatment  must  be  regulated 
by  the  rules  that  are  applicable  to  general  dropsy. 
At  times,  the  symptoms  are  of  an  acute  character, 
and  the  efl'usion  sudden,  constituting  Derma- 
toch'ysis,  Hydrops  Anasar' ca  acu'tus,  CEde'ma 
cal'idum,  (E.  acu'tuvi,  CE./ebri'le  of  some.  See 
Hydrops. 

Anasarca    Hystericum,    Anathymiasis  —  a. 
Pulmonum    Hydropneumonia,    Q5dema    of   the 
Lungs  —  a.  Serosa,  Phlegmatia  dolens. 
ANASARCHA.  Anasarca. 
AXASAKQI'E,  Anasarca. 
ANASISMUS,  Concussion. 
ANASPADIA,  see  Anaspadiaeus. 
ANASPA'DIAS,  Epispa'dias,  from  ava,  'up- 
wards,' and  airaiii,  '  I  draw.'     One  whose  urethra 
opens  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  penis. 
ANASPADISIS,  see  Anaspadiaeus. 
ANASPADI8MUS,  see  Anaspadiaeus. 
ANAS'PASIS,  Anaspasm'us,  from  avatr-raoi,  'I 
contract.'    Retrac'tio,    Contraction,  especially  of 


the  bowels.     The  condition  is  called  Annspa'dia, 
Annspad'isis,  and  ^)ia«;j«(/i«'»ti(8.— Hippocrates. 
ANASPASMUS,  Anaspasis. 
ANASSA,  Bronielia  ananas. 
ANASTALTICA,  Styptics. 
ANA8TASIS,    Anarrhoea.     Also,    restoration 
from  sickness.     Convalescence. 

ANASTCECHEIO'SIS,  from  ava,  'again,'  and 
iTToix^ov,  'element.'  Jieelementa'tio.  Resolu- 
tion of  a  body  or  its  parts  into  their  elements. — 
Galen. 

ANASTOMO'SIS,  from  ava,  'with,' and  aropa, 
'a  mouth.'  Inoscnla'tio  seu  Iteu'nio  vaso'nim, 
Exanastomo'sia,  Concur'aus,  (F.)  Ahouchement. 
Communication  between  two  vessels.  By  con- 
sidering the  nerves  to  be  channels,  in  which  a 
nervous  fluid  circulates,  their  communication  like- 
wise has  been  called  Anastomosis.  By  means  of 
anastomoses,  if  the  course  of  a  fluid  be  arrested 
in  one  vessel,  it  can  proceed  along  others. 

Anastomosis  Aneurissiatica,  Telangiectasia 
— a.  Jaeohson's,  see  Petrosal  ganglion. 

ANASTOMOT'IC,  Anastomot' icus,  (F.)  Anas- 
tomotique.  Same  etjiiion  as  anastomosis.  Be- 
longing or  relating  to  anastomosis. 

AJSTASTOMOT'ICS,  ^)insto»!o«'jcfr.  Same  ety- 
mon. Certain  medicines  were  formerly  so  called, 
which  were  believed  to  be  capable  of  opening  tho 
mouths  of  vessels,  as  asperients,  diuretics,  etc. 

ANASTOMOT'ICUS  MAGNUS  (RAMUS), 
(F.)  Artere  collaterale  interne,  A.  collaterale  d>t 
coude,  is  a  branch  of  the  brachial  artery,  which 
comes  off  a  little  above  the  elbow,  and  bestows 
branches  to  the  brachialis  internus,  to  the  under 
edge  of  the  triceps,  and  to  the  muscles,  ligaments, 
etc,  about  the  elbow  joint.  See,  also.  Articular 
arteries  of  the  knee. 

ANASTROPHE  UTERI,  Inversio  uteri. 
ANATASIS,  Extension. 
ANATHEMA,  TaVmla  votiva. 
ANATHERIUM  MURICATUM,  Andropogon 
muricatus. 

ANATIIOMIA.  Anatomy. 
ANATIIYMIAMA,  Anathymiasis. 
ANATHYMFASIS,  Anat'hymiama,  from  ava, 
'upwards,' and  Bvfia,  'fumigation.'  (Ede'mn  fu- 
gax,  CEde'ma  spas'ticum,  (Ede'mn  hyster'icnm, 
Anasar'ca  hyster'icnm.  An  uncertain  and  tran- 
sient swelling  or  inflation,  said  to  have  been  ob- 
served at  times  in  nervous  and  hysterical  per- 
sons. It  also  means  Exhalation,  Fumigation,  and 
Hypochondriasis. 

ANATOLE  UNGUIUM,  see  Nail. 
ANATOME,  Anatomy  —  a.  Animata,  Physio- 
logy. 

ANATOMIA,  Anatomy — a.  Aniraalis,  Zootomy 
— a.  Comparata,  Zootomy — a.  Comparativa,  Zo- 
otomy— a.  Viva,  Physiology. 

ANAT03IIE,  Anatomy — a.  Chirurgicale,  see 
Anatomy — a.  des  Regions,  see  Anatomy. 

ANAT'OMISM,  Anatomism' us.  Same  etymon 
as  Anatomy.  The  doctrine  of  those  who  look 
into  the  arrangement  of  parts,  to  explain  all  the 
phenomena  of  the  organism. 

ANAT'OMIST,  Anatom'icns.  One  who  occu- 
pies himself  with  anatomy.  One  versed  in  ana- 
tomy. 

Pi-T^  A.T'  OWY ,  Anat'  ome,  Anntoni'  ia  ,Anatliom'  in, 
Prosec'tio,  from  ava,  and  Ttpvtiv,  'to  cut,'  (F.) 
Anatomic.  The  viotCl  Anatomy  properly  signifies 
dissection;  but  it  has  been  appropriated  to  the 
study  and  knowledge  of  the  number,  shape, 
situation,  structure,  and  connection — in  a  word, 
of  all  the  apparent  properties  of  organized  bodies. 
Anatomy  is  the  science  of  organization.  Some 
have  given  the  term  a  still  more  extended  accep- 
tation, applying  it  to  every  mechanical  decom- 
position, even  of  inorganic  bodies.  Thus,  Crys- 
tallography    has    been   termed    the  Anatomy  of 


ANATON 


59 


ANCUBITUS 


crystallized  minerals.  Anatomy  has  also  been 
called  Murphiil'ofjy,  Somatol'otji/,  Somatot'omy, 
Orijannl'oijy,  etc.  It  assumes  dififerent  names, 
fii'cordiiig  as  the  study  is  confined  to  one  organ- 
izc'il  being,  or  to  a  species  or  class  of  beings. 
Thus,  Aiidrot'omy,  or  Atithropot'omy,  or  Anthro- 
])"!/' ra phi/,  or  AnthropouomatoV o(jy,  is  the  Ana- 
tiiiiiy  t)J  Mun;  ZijiJtoini/,  that  of  the  other  species 
of  the  animal  kingdom;  and  Vet'erimvij  AnaV- 
oiiiy  is  the  anatomy  of  domestic  animals;  but 
wlien  the  word  is  used  abs^tractly,  it  means  Hu- 
mtin  Anatomy,  and  particularly  the  study  of 
the  organs  in  a  physiological  or  healthy  state. 
PliyKU)li>fj"!cal  Anatomy  is  occasionally  used  to 
signify  the  kind  of  anatomy  which  investigates 
structure  with  a  special  view  to  function.  The 
Anatomy  of  the  diseased  human  body  is  called 
l'ath(il(>(i"l(:al  or  Moihid  Anatomy,  and  when  ap- 
plied to  Medical  Jurisprudence,  Foren'sie  Anat- 
omy. Several  of  the  organs  possessing  a  simi- 
larity of  structure,  and  being  formed  of  the  same 
tissues,  they  have  been  grouped  into  Systems  or 
Genera  of  Organs;  and  the  study  of,  or  acquaint- 
ance with,  such  systems,  has  been  called  General 
Anat'omy,  Histol'ogy,  or  Jforphot'omy,  whilst  the 
study  of  each  organ  in  particular  has  been  termed 
Descriptive  Anatomy,  Anthropomorphol'oyy.  Hie- 
toloyy  is,  however,  more  fre((uently  applied  to 
the  Anatomy  of  the  Tissnen,  which  is  called,  also, 
7'ex'tural  and  jVicroscop'ic  Anatomy,  Micrano- 
tom.'ia,  see  Histology.  Descriptive  Anatomy  has 
been  divided  into  Skeletol'oyy,  which  comprises 
OnteoVoiyy  and  Syndesmol'ofiy  ;  and  into  Sarcol'- 
oijij,  which  is  subdivided  into  MyoVoriy,  NeuroV- 
oijy,  Angiol'o(fy,  Adenol'orjy,  Splanchnol'or/y,  and 
JJcrmol'ogy.  ^ur'gical  Anat'omy, J fedico-Chirurgi- 
cal  Anat'omy,  Topograph' ical  Anat'omy,  Re'gional 
Anat'omy,  (F.)  Anatomie  Chirurgicale,  A.  dea  Re- 
gions, is  the  particular  and  relative  study  of  the 
bones,  muscles,  nerves,  vessels,  etc.,  with  which 
it  is  indispensable  to  be  acquainted  before  per- 
forming operations.  Cumpar'ative  Anat'omy  is 
the  comparative  study  of  each  organ,  with  a  view 
to  an  acquaintance  with  the  modifications  of  its 
structure  in  different  animals  or  in  the  diff'erent 
classes  of  animals.  Transcendent' al  or  Philosoph'- 
ieal  Anatomy  inquires  into  the  mode,  plan,  or 
model  upon  which  the  animal  frame  or  organs 
are  formed;  and  Artiji'cial  Anat'omy  is  the  art 
of  modelling  and  representing,  in  wax  or  other 
substance,  the  different  organs  or  diff'erent  parts 
of  the  human  body,  in  the  sound  or  diseased  state. 
Phytot'omy  is  the  anatomy  of  vegetables,  and 
Picto'rial  Anatomy,  anatomy  artistically  illus- 
trated. 

Anatomy,  see  Skeleton — a.  Artificial,  see  Ana- 
tomy— a.  Comparative,  see  Anatomy,  Zootomy — 
a.  Descriptive,  see  Anatomy  —  a.  Forensic,  see 
Anatomy — a.  General,  see  Anatomy — a.  Human, 
sec  Anatomy — a.  of  Man,  see  Anatomy — a.  Me- 
dico-Chirurgical,  see  Anatomy — a.  Microscopic, 
see  Anatomy — a.  Morbid,  see  Anatomy — a.  Path- 
ological, see  Anatomy — a.  Pathological,  micros- 
copic, see  Histology — a.  Philosophical,  see  Ana- 
tomy— a.  Physiological,  see  Anatomy — a.  Picto- 
rial, sec  Anatomy — a.  Practical,  see  Dissection — 
a.  Regional,  see  Anatomy — a.  Surgical,  see  Ana- 
tomy—a. Te.xtural,  see  Anatomy — a.  Topogra- 
phical, see  Anatomy  —  a.  Transcendental,  see 
Anatomy — a.  Veterinary,  see  Anatomy. 

ANATON,  Soda. 

ANATREPSIS,  Restauratio. 

AN.ATRESIS.  Perforation,  Trepanning. 

ANATRIBE.  Friction. 

AN.VTRIP.-^I.^.  Friction. 

ANATRIPSOL'OGY,  AnatripaoIog"ia,  Ana- 
triptolog" ia,  from  avurfxi/if,  'friction,'  and  Aoyos, 
<a  discourse.'      *  ""  " 

medy. 


A   treatise   on  friction   as 


ANATRIPTOLOGIA,  Anatripsology. 

ANATRON,_Natrum,  Soda. 

ANAT'ROPE,  from  ava,  'upwards,'  and  rptnu, 
'I  turn.'  Subver.-'ion.  A  turning  or  subver- 
sion or  inverted  action  of  the  stomach,  charac- 
terized by  nausea,  vomiting,  etc.  —  Galen.  We 
still  speak  of  the  stomach  turning  against  any 
thing. 

ANAUDIA,  Catalepsy,  Mutitas. 

ANAXYRIS,  Rumex  acetosa. 

ANAZESIS.  Ebullition. 

ANAZOTURIA,  see  Urine. 

ANCHA,  Haunch. 

ANCHILOPS,  .Egilops. 

ANCHONE,  Angone. 

ANCHORALIS  PROCESSUS,  Coracoid. 

ANCHUSA  ANGUSTIFOLIA,  A.  Oflieinalia 
— a.  Incarnata,  A.  Officinalis — a.  Lycopsoides,  A. 
Officinalis. 

Anchu'sa  Officinalis,  A.  Angustifo'lia  seu 
Tncarna'ta  seu  Lycopso'i'des,  Alca'na,  Lingua 
BoviD,  Buglos'snm  aylves'tre,  Offic"tnal  or  Garden. 
Al'kanet  or  Bngloss,  (Old  Eng  )  Langdehef ;  Ord. 
Boragineae.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Monogynia. 
(F.)  Bnglosc.  A  native  of  Great  Britain.  The 
herb  was  formerly  esteemed  as  a  cordial  in  me- 
lancholia and  hypochondriasis;  but  it  is  now 
rarely  used.  It  is  also  called  Bnglos'sa,  Bvglos'- 
sum  angnsti/o'lium  majus,  B.  vutga're  majus,  B. 
eati'vum.        ' 

Anchu'sa  Tincto'ria,  Alean'na  spn'ria,  Dyer's 
liiigloss,  Ane'bium,  Buglos'sum  Tincto'rnm,  Li- 
thosjier'mnm  viUo'sum,  Dyer's  Al'kanet,  (F.)  Or- 
eanette.  A  European  plant.  The  medical  pro- 
perties are  equivocal.  It  is  used  to  give  a  beau- 
tiful red  colour  to  ointments. 

ANCHYLOSIS,  Ankylosis, 

ANCISTRON,  Hamulus. 

ANCLE,  Astragalus,  Malleolus. 

ANGLER,  Malleolus. 

ANCLET,  Malleolus. 

ANCLIFF,  Malleolus. 

ANCLOWE,  Malleolus. 

ANCOLIE,  Aquilegia  vulgaris. 

ANCON,  Elbow,  Olecranon. 

ANCONAD,  see  Anconal  Aspect. 

ANCONAGRA,  Pechyagra. 

ANCO'NAL,  from  ayKi^v,  'the  elbow.'  Rela- 
ting, or  appertaining  to  the  elbow  orthe  olecranon. 

Anconal  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the  side 
on  which  the  ancon  or  elbow  is  situated. — Bar- 
clay. Anco'nad  is  used  by  the  same  writer  ad- 
verbially, to  signify  'towards  the  anconal  aspect.' 

ANCONE,  Anconeus. 

ANCONE'US,  from  ayxi^v,  'the  elbow.'  A  term 
once  applied  to  every  muscle  attached  to  the  ole- 
cranon. Winslow  distinguished  four — the  great, 
external,  internal,  and  small ;  the  first  three  being 
portions  of  the  same  muscle,  the  triceps  hrachia- 
lis.  The  last  has,  alone,  retained  the  name.  It 
is  the  Ancone'ns  minor  of  Winslow,  the  Ancone'na 
seu  Cnhita'lis  Riola'ni  of  Douglas,  the  Epicon- 
dylo-Cuhita'lis  of  Chaussier,  the  Brevis  Cii'biti, 
(F.)  Ancone,  and  is  situate  at  the  upper  and  back 
part  of  the  fore-arm.  It  arises  from  the  external 
condyle  of  the  os  humeri,  and  is  inserted  into 
the  posterior  edge  of  the  upper  third  of  the  ulna. 
Its  use  is  to  aid  in  the  extension  of  the  fore-arm. 

Anconeus  Externus,  see  Triceps  extensor 
cubiti— a.  Internus,  see  Triceps  extensor  cubiti 
— a.  Major,  see  Triceps  extensor  cubiti. 

ANCTE'RES.  Fibula;  or  Clasjjs  by  which 
the  lips  of  wounds  were  formerly  kept  together. 
— Celsus,  Galen. 

ANCTERIASMUS,  Infibulation. 

ANCU'BITUS,  Petrifac'tio.  An  aff'ection  of 
the  eye,  in  which  there  is  a  sensation  as  if  sand 
were  irritating  the  organ. 


ANCUNNUENT.E 


60 


ANEMONE  DBS  BO  IS 


ANCUNNUEN'T.E.  A  name  formerly  given 
to  raenstruatins;  fem:iles. 

ANGUS,  Anlnm.  from  ayKh>v,  'the  elbow.'  One 
■who  cannot  extend  his  arms  completely. 

Also,  the  deformity  resulting  from  a  luxation 
of  the  humerus  or  fore-arm. — Hippocrates. 
ANCYLE.  Ankylosis. 

ANCYLOBLEPIIARON,  Ankyloblepharon. 
AXrYLOCHETLIA,  Ankylocheilia. 
AXCYLOCOLPUS,  Colpatresia. 
A  XC  YL  0 no n E,  AnUylocore. 
ANOYLODER  E,  Torticollis. 
AXCYLODERIS.  Torticollis. 
ANCYLODONTTA,  Ankylodontia. 
ANCYLOOLOSSIA,  Ankyloglossia. 
ANCYLOMELE,  Ankyloraele. 
ANCYLOMERISMUS,  Ankylomerismus. 
ANCYLORRHINIA,  Ankylorrhinia. 
ANCYLOSIS,  Ankylosis. 
ANCYLOTIA.  Ankylotia. 
ANCYLOTOMUS,  Ankylotomus. 
ANCYRA.  Hook. 

ANCYROID  CAVITY.  Digital  cavity. 
ANCYROIDES  PROCESSUS,  Coracoid. 
AND,  Breath. 

ANDA.  Native  name  of  a  tree  of  Brazil — 
Aiidn  Gome'sii  seu  Brasilieu'sis  sen  de  Pinon, 
Aiidimmi,  Anda-arii,  Joniine'aia  prtnceps.  Ord. 
EuphorbiaceiB.  Sex.  Si/sf.  Monoecia  Monadel- 
phia.  An  oil — Oil  of  Aiida  —  is  obtained  from 
the  seeds  by  pressure,  50  to  60  drops  of  which 
act  as  a  cathartic.  The  fruit  is  an  oval  nut, 
containing  two  seeds.  These  have  the  taste  of 
the  chestnut;  but  are  strongly  cathartic,  and 
even  emetic.  The  shell  is  astringent,  and  is 
used  Hs  such  in  diarrhoea,  etc. 
ANDE,  Breath. 

ANDELY,  MINERAL  "WATERS  OF.  An- 
dely  is  in  France,  near  Gysore,  and  eight  leagues 
from  Rouen.  The  water  is  cold,  and  a  weak  cha- 
lybeate. It  is  used  in  chlorosis  and  abdominal 
obstructions. 

ANDERSON'S  PILLS,  see  Pilulae  Aloes  et 
Jalapre. 

ANDTRA  IBAI,  Geoffraea  Vermifuga — a.  In- 
crmis,  Geoffrsea  inermis — a.  Racemosa,  Geoffraea 
inermis — a.  Surinamensis,  Geoffraa  Surinamen- 
sis. 

ANDRACHAHARA,  Sempervivura  tectorum. 
ANDRACHNE,  Arbutus  unedo,  Portulaca. 
ANDRALOGOMELE,  from  ai^vp,  avlpo;,  'a 
man,'  a,  priv.,  ^^uyog,  'reason,'  and  /iriXov,  'a  do- 
niestic  animal.'  A  name  given  by  Malacarne  to 
a  monster  in  which  he  supposed  the  presence  of 
the  body  of  a  miin  with  the  limbs  of  a  brute. 

ANDRANATOM'IA,  Andranat'ome,  Andro- 
tnm'ia,  Aiidrot'ome,  Anthropot'omy,  from  avrip, 
penitive  avhpoi,  'a  man,'  and  Ttpvuv,  'to  cut.' 
The  anntomy  of  man. 

ANDRI'A.     Adult  age.     Manhood. 
Andri'a    Mu'lier,  MuUer  Hermaphrodit'ica. 
A  female  hermaphrodite. 

ANDROGEN'IA.from  avnQ,av^pog,  'a  man, 'and 
ycvcaii,  'generation.'  The  procreation  of  males. 
— Hippocrates. 

ANDROG"YNUS,  from  avvp,  avhpot,  'a  man,' 
and    yvvn,    'a  woman.'     A    hermaphrodite.     An 
efl'eminMte  person. — Hippocrates. 
ANDROLEPSIA,  Conception. 
ANDROMANIA,  Nymphomania. 
ANDROM'EDA     ARBO'REA,    Sorrel     Tree, 
Sour    Tree,    Sour    Wood,  Elk    Tree,    Elk    Wood, 
Sorrel  Wood,  Sour  Leaf,  (F.)  Audromede,  Andro- 
medier.     A  small  indigenous  tree ;    Ord.  Erica- 
ceae, Sex.  Sijst.  Deeandria  Monogynia;  found  in 
the  Alleghany  mountains  and  the  hills  and  val- 
leys diverging  from  them,  as  far  as  the  .southern 
limits  of  Georgia  and  Alabama;  but  seldom  north 
of  Virginia.    The  sour  leaves  are  refrigerent  and 


astringent,  and  have  been  used  to  make  a  kmd 
of  lemonade,  which  has  been  given  in  fevers. 

AuDROMKDA  Makia'na,  Broad-haved  Moor- 
loort,  Kill-lnmh,  Lomh  KUhr,  Star/'/'rhiisIi.  A 
decoction  of  this  American  plant  is  said  to  havo 
been  successfully  employed  as  a  wash,  in  a  dis- 
agreeable afTection — not  uncommon  amongst  the 
slaves  in  the  southern  parts  of  the  United  States 
— called  the  Toe  Itch,  and  Ground  Itch. — Barton. 
Andromeda  Nit'ida,  Sonrwood,  Sorrel  tree, 
indigenous;  has  properties  similar  to  those  of 
A.  arborea. 

ANDROPOGON  BICORNIS,  Junctus  odoratus 
— a.  Calamus  aromaticus,  see  Oleum  graminis  In- 
dici — a.  Citratus,  Junctus  odoratus — a.  Citriodo- 
rus,  Junctus  odoratus,  Nardus  Indica. 

Andropo'gon  Murica'tus,  {avnp,  avipoi,  'a, 
man,'  and  viayuv,  'a  beard.')  A.  aqunrro'sua, 
Phnl'aris  ziznno'i'des,  Agron'tis  vert i cilia' ta,  Ana- 
the'rum  murica'lum,  Vetlve'ria  odora'ta,  \  ittie- 
vayr,  Ciiatus,  Khus-Khm  ;  Nat.  Ord.  Gramineae. 
The  root  of  this  plant,  from  Bombay,  is  aromatic 
and  bitterish.  It  is  used  as  a  perfume.  It  has 
been  used  as  an  excitant  and  diaphoretic. 

Andropogon  Nardus,  Calamus  Alexandrinus, 
Nardus  Indica — a.  Schoenanthus,  Junctus  odora- 
tus— a.  Squarrosus,  A.  Muricatus. 

ANDROSACE,  Umbilicus  marinus— a.  Mat- 
thioli.  Umbilicus  marinus. 

ANDROSiEMUM,  Hypericum  perforatum. 
ANDROTOMY,  Andranatomia. 
ANDRUM.     An    East    India   word,    latinized 
by  Kaimpfer,  signifying  a  kind  of  elephantiasis 
of  the  scrotum,  endemic  in  southern  Asia. 

ANEANTISSEMENT  (F.),  Vir'ium  extinc'. 
tio.  This  word  is  often  employed  hyperbolically, 
by  patients  in  France,  to  signify  excessive  fatigue, 
debility  or  syncope. 

ANEBIUM,  Anchusa  tinctoria. 
ANEBUS,  Impuber. 

ANECPYE'TUS,  from  av,  for  nvev,  'without,' 
and  TTvto),  '  I  promote  suppuration.'  That  which 
does  not  suppurate,  or  is  not  likely  to  suppurate. 
ANEGER'TICA,  from  aveyeipw  (ava  and  cytipu), 
'1  awaken.'  The  art  of  resuscitating  the  appa- 
rently dead. 

ANEILE'MA,  Aneile'sis,  from  avu\e.a  {ava  and 
eiXew),  '  I  roll  up.'     Applied  particularly  to  the 
motion  of  .air  in  the  intestines  and  the  tormina 
accompanying  it. — Hippocrates. 
ANEILESIS,  Aneilema. 
ANEMIA,  Anaemia. 

ANEMO'NE,  Wind  Flotcer:  from  avepos,  'the 
wind,'  because  it  does  not  open  its  flowers  until 
blown  upon  by  the  wind. 

ANEMONE  DES  BOIS,  Anemone  nemorosa. 
Anemone  Collina,  A.  Pulsatilla — a.  Hepatica, 
Hepatica  triloba — a.  Intermedia,  A.  Pulsatilla. 
Anemone  Ludoviciana,  A.  patens. 
Anemo'nb  Nemoro'sa,  Ramui'cuhis  alhus  seu 
nemero'sns,    Wood   Anemo'iiy.    (F.)   Anemone  des 
bois.    Ocrf.  Ranunculaceae.    The  herb  and  flowers 
are  poisonous,  acrid,  and  corrosive.     They  have 
been  used  as  rubefpcients. 

Anemo'ne  Patens,  A.  Lndovieia'na,  Puhatil'~ 
la  patens;  indigenous:  from  Illinois  and  Wis- 
consin to  the  Rocky  Mountains,  is  supposed  to 
possess  similar  properties. 

ANEMO'Nii  Praten'sis,  A.  Sylvcs'trig,  Puhatil'. 
la  ni'gricans  seu  praten'sis.  This  plant  has  si- 
milar properties  with  the  last.  It  is  also  called 
Meadow  Anemony,  (F.)  Pulaatille  noire,  P.  des 
pres. 

Anemo'ne  Pdlsatil'la,  A.  Colli' na  seu  Inter. 

me'dia    seu    Praten'sis    seu    liuhra,    Pulsatil'la 

vulgaris,  Herha   ventis,  Nola   culina'ria,   Pasqne 

flower,  (F.)Cor]uelourde,  possesses  like  properties. 

Anemone  Rubra,  A.  Pratensis— a.  Rue-leaved, 


ANEMONY 


61 


ANEURISM 


Thalictrum  anemonoides— a,  Sylvestris,  A.  Pra- 
tensis. 

ANEMONY,  Anemone  hepatica  —  a.  Meadow, 
Anemone  iiraten.sis — a.Wood,  Anemone  nemorosa. 

AN  HMOS,  Wind. 

ANENCEIMIALIA,  see  Anencephalus. 

ANENCEPlIALOII^E'MIAJromav.privative, 
tyxeipfiXus,  'cncephalon,' and  aijua,  '  blood.'  De- 
lect of  blood  in  the  bruin.     Syncope. 

ANENCEl'HALONEU'RIA,  Atiencephalo- 
nei'via,  from  ar,  priv.,  tyKtipaUi,  '  encephalon,' 
and  vivjiov,  '  nerve.'  Want  of  nervous  action  in 
the  encephalon. 

ANENCEIMIALOTROPH'IA,  from  av,  priva- 
tive, {y>c£(/)aXof,  '  the  encephalon,'  and  rpoifjj,  'nou- 
rishment.'    Atrophy  of  the  encephalon. 

ANENCEPII'ALUS,  from  ap,  privative,  and 
cyKt<pa\os,  'brain.'  A  monster  devoid  of  brain. 
— Bonctus,  G.  St.  Hilaire.  Also,  one  that  has  a 
part  only  of  the  brain  ;—Paraceph'alu8.  The  con- 
dition has  been  called  Auettcejihal'ia.  A  weak, 
silly  person. — Hippocrates. 

ANENERGESIA,  Debility. 

ANENEIKJIA,  Debility. 

AXEXTERONEliVIE  SATURNINE,  see 
Palsy,  lead. 

ANEPISCIIESIS,  Incontinentia. 

ANEPITIIYM'IA,  from  av,  priv.,  and  nri^vyna, 
'desire.'  Many  nosologists  have  used  this  word 
for  a  loss  of  the  appetites,  as  of  those  of  hunger, 
thirst,  venery,  &c. 

Anrpithymia  Chlorosi.s,  Chlorosis. 

ANEK,  avrip,  genitive  avSpos.     A  man. 

ANERETllIS'IA,  Ininitabil'!tns,  from  av, 
priv.,  and  £/)£0((7(j,  'irritability.'  Defect  of  irrita- 
bility.— Swediaur. 

ANER  V ISM  IE,  Paralysis. 

ANERYTIIROP'SIA,  from  av,  priv,,  tpv^poi, 
'red,' and  oi/ij,  'vision.'  Defective  vision,  which 
consists  in  an  incapability  of  distinguishing  red. 

ANESIS,  Remission. 

ANESTHEHIE,  Anaesthesia. 

ANESrilESIE  EXT  A  TIQ  (IE.  The  aggre- 
gate of  phenomena  of  impaired  feeling  produced 
especially  by  the  manipulations  of  the  animal 
magnetizer. — Andral. 

ANESTHETIC,  Anaesthetic. 

ANESTHESIQUE,  Anresthetic. 

ANESTHETIZATION,  Anaesthetization. 

ANESON,  Anethum. 

ANESUM,  Pimpiuella  anisum. 

ANET,  Anethum. 

ANETH,  Anethum  graveolens. 

ANE'THUM,  Ane'soH,  Ane'ton,  Ane'thiim  Fce- 
nic'uliim  seu  Sege'tuin  seu  Piperi'ttim,  Fceiiic'ii- 
lum,  F.  Dulce  seu  Officinale  seu  vulya're,  Ligus'- 
ticum  faiiic' tilnm,  Fan'culitm,  Fennel  or  Finclde, 
Miir'athrnm,  Anet,  Sweet  Fennel,  (Prov.)  Spingel, 
(P.)  Fenouil  ou  Anis  dour.  Old.  Umbelliferaj. 
Sex.  Si/st.  Pentandria  Digynia.  The  fruit,  Fce- 
nic'ulitin  (Ph.U.  S.),  has  an  aromatic  odour,  and 
warm,  sweetish  taste.  It  is  carminative.  The  oil 
—  Oleum  Fanic'uli — is  officinal  in  the  Ph.  U.  S. 
The  root  is  said  to  be  pectoral  and  diuretic. 

Anethum  Fcexiculum,  Anethum. 

Anethum  Ghavkot.ens,  Anethum,  A.  horten'se, 
Pastina'cit  Anethum  seu  Graveolens,  Fer'ula  Gra- 
veolens, Dill,  (F.)  Aneth,  Fenouil  pnant.  A  na- 
tive of  the  south  of  Europe.  The  seeds  are  sti- 
mulant and  carminative.  A  distilled  water  — 
Aqua  ane'thi,  Dill-icater — is  officinal  in  the  Lon- 
don and  Edinburgh  Pharmacopoeias.  Dose,  gr. 
XV  to  3J. 

Oleum  Ane'thi,  Oil  of  Dill,  (F.)  Huile  d' Aneth, 
possesses  the  carminative  properties  of  the  plant. 

Anethitm  Pastinac-\,  Pastinaca  Sativa  —  a. 
Piperituni,  Anethum — a.  Scgetum,  Anethum. 

ANETICUS,  Anodyne. 


ANETON,  Anethum. 

ANETUS,  Intermittent  fever  —  a.  Quartanu?, 
Quartan — a.  Quotidianus,  Quotidian  —  a.  Tertia- 
nus,  Tertian  fever. 

ANEURAL'GICON,  from  a,  privative,  vcvpov, 
'nerve,'  and  aXyos,  'pain.'  A  name  given  by  Dr. 
C.  T.  Downing  to  an  instrument  used  by  him  to 
allay  pain  in  nerves.  It  is  a  kind  of  fumigating 
appiu-atus,  in  which  dried  narcotic  and  othe'r 
herbs  are  burnt,  the  heated  vapour  being  directed 
to  any  part  of  the  body. 

ANEURIA,  Paralysis. 

AN'EVRlSyi,  Aneurys' ma, Anetiri/n'mus,  Aneu- 
rie'mn,  Cedmu,  from  afcvpvvetv,  (ava,  and  cvfjvviiv,) 
'  to  dilate  or  distend.'  Dilnta'tio  Arteria'rum, 
Ecta'sia,  Emborys'rna,  Exuniji'a  aueuris'ma,  Ar- 
terieurys'ma,  Arterenrys'ma,  Hamntoce'le  arte- 
rio'sa,  Ahsces'sua  apirituo'sus,  Arteritc'tasis,  (F.) 
Anevrysme,  Aneurisme.  Properly,  Aneurism  sig. 
nifies  a  tumour,  produced  by  the  dilatation  of  an 
artery  ;  but  it  has  been  extended  to  various  lesions 
of  arteries,  as  well  ajs  to  dilatations  of  the  heart. 

There  are  various  kinds  of  aneurism.  The  fol- 
lowing are  the  chief: 

I.  When  the  blood,  which  forms  the  tumour,  is 
enclosed  within  the  dilated  coats  of  the  artery. 
This  is  the  true  Aneurism,  Aneuryn' ma  verum. 
Hernia  Arteria'rum,  (F.)  Anevrysme  vrai. 

II.  When  the  blood  has  escaped  from  the 
opened  artery,  it  is  called  spurious  or  false 
Aneurism,  Aneuris'ma  spu'rium,  Ruptn'ra  Arte'- 
ricR,  Arteriorrhex'is,  Arteriodial'ysis,  Ecchymo'- 
ma  arterio'sum,  (F.)  Anevrysme  faux.  The  latter 
is  divided  into  three  varieties: 

1.  Diffused  False  Aneurism,  (P.)  Anivrysme 
faux,  primitif,  diffus,  noncirconscrit  ou  par  infil- 
tration, which  occurs  immediately  after  the  divi- 
sion or  rupture  of  an  artery,  and  consists  of  an 
extravasation  of  blood  into  the  areolar  texture 
of  the  part. 

2.  Circumscribed  False  Aneurism,  (F.)  Anev- 
rysme faux  cousevutif  circonscrit  ou  par  epanche- 
ment,  enkystiow  sacciforme,  tumeur  hemorrhagiale 
circonscrite,  in  which  the  blood  issues  from  the 
vessel  some  time  after  the  receipt  of  the  wound, 
and  forms  itself  a  sac  in  the  neighbouring  areolar 
membrane. 

3.  An'eurism  by  Anastomo'sis,  Yar'icose  or  Cir- 
coid  An'eurism,  PhlebarteriodiaU ysis,  Ancurys'- 
ma  veno' so-arterio' sum,  A.  varico'sum,  (F. )  Anev- 
rysme par  anastomose  ou  variquenx,  A.  par  ero- 
sion, A.  de  Pott,  A.  des  plus  jtetites  arterea,  which 
arises  from  the  simultaneous  wounding  of  an  ar- 
tery and  vein;  —  the  arterial  blood  passing  into 
the  vein,  and  producing  a  varicose  state  of  it. 

III.  Mixed  Aneurism,  {F.)  Anevrysmemixte, is 
that  which  arises  from  the  dilatation  of  one  or  two 
of  the  coats,  with  division  or  rupture  of  the  other. 
Some  authors  have  made  two  varieties  of  this  : 

1.  Mixed  external  Aneurism,  where  the  internal 
and  middle  coats  are  ruptured,  and  the  areolar  is 
dilated. 

2.  Mixed  internal  Aneurism,  in  which  the  inter- 
nal coat  is  dilated,  and  protrudes,  like  a  hernial 
sac,  through  the  ruptured  middle  and  outer  coats. 
This  variety  has  been  ca,\led  Aneui-ya'tna  Jler'niam 
Arte'ricB  sistens. 

Aneurisms  have  been  termed  traumat'ic  or  ex- 
og"enous,  and  sjjonta'netius,  according  as  they  may 
have  been  caused  by  a  wound,  or  have  originated 
spontaneously.  The  latter,  when  originating  from 
lesions  of  the  inner  coats  of  arteries,  have  been 
termed  endog"enous.  They  have  also  been  di- 
vided into  internal  and  external. 

The  internal  aneurisms  are  situate  in  the  great 
splanchnic  cavities,  and  occur  in  the  heart  and 
great  vessels  of  the  chest,  abdomen,  &c.  Their 
diagnosis  is  difiScult,  and  they  are  often  inacces- 
sible to  surgical  treatment. 


ANEURISMA 


62 


ANGEIOrLANIA 


The  external  aneurisms  are  situate  at  the  exte- 
rior of  the  head,  neck,  and  limbs,  and  are  dis- 
tinctly pulsatory. 

Aneurisms,  especially  the  internal,  may  be 
combated  by  a  debilitaiit  treatment,  on  the  plan 
of  Valsalva,  which  consists  in  repeated  blood- 
letting, with  food  enough  merely  to  support  life. 
In  external  aneurism,  the  artery  can  be  oblite- 
rated. This  is  usually  done  by  applying  a  liga- 
ture above  the  aneurismal  tumour. 

Aneuuis.m,  Dissecting,  is  one  in  which,  owing 
to  rupture  of  the  inner  and  middle  coats  of  an 
artery,  the  blood  makes  itself  a  channel  between 
these  coats  and  the  outer  coat. 

In  many  cases,  the  lesion  appears  to  consist  in 
a  separation  of  the  lamina  of  the  middle  coat, 
between  which  the  blood  forms  itself  a  channel. 

Ankorisms  of  the  Heart,  Cardion'chi,  Car- 
dieurys'ma,  (F.)  Anivrysmes  du  cixur,  have  been 
divided  into  active  and  passive.  The  former  can 
scarcely  be  esteemed  aneurisms,  as  they  most 
commonly  consist  of  increased  thickness  of  the 
parietes  of  the  heart,  which  diminishes  its  cavity 
instead  of  increasing  it.  The  term  Mi/pertrophy 
of  the  heart  better  indicates  their  character. 
Passive  aneurism,  Cardiec'tasis,  on  the  contrary, 
is  attended  with  extenuation  of  the  parietes  of 
the  organ,  and  enlargement  of  the  cavities.  The 
physical  signs  of  dilatation  of  the  heart  are  the 
following : — The  action  of  the  heart  is  not  visible, 
and  no  impulse  is  conveyed  to  the  hand.  On 
percussion,  there  is  a  loss  of  resonance  over  a 
larger  surface  than  usual,  but  the  dulness  is  much 
less  intense  than  that  which  accompanies  hyper- 
trophy. On  auscultation,  the  action  of  the  heart 
is  only  slightlj'  felt,  and  communicates  at  once 
the  impression  of  its  diminished  power.  The  im- 
pulse is  feebler  than  usual.  Both  sounds  are  widely 
transmitted  over  the  thorax,  and  are  not  much 
fainter  at  a  distance  from  their  point  of  origin. 

Partial  or  true  aneurism  of  the  Heart — Cardi- 
ec'tasis  partia'lis,  Aneurys'ma  consecuti'vum  cor- 
dis— is  sometimes  seen  ;  rarely,  however. 

The  name  Aneurism  of  the  Valves  of  the  Heart 
has  been  given  to  pouch-like  projections  of  the 
valves  into  the  auricles. 

Aneurism  by  Anastomosis,  see  Aneurism  — 
a.  Brasdor's  operation  for,  see  Brasdor  —  a. 
Circoid,  see  Aneurism  —  a.  Endogenous,  see 
Aneurism,  and  Endogenous  —  a.  Exogenous, 
see  Aneurism,  and  Exogenous  —  a.  External, 
see  Aneurism  —  a.  False,  see  Aneurism  —  a. 
False,  circumscribed,  see  Aneurism  —  a.  False, 
diffused,  see  Aneurism — a.  Internal,  see  Aneurism 
— a.  Mixed,  see  Aneurism — a.  Mixed,  external, 
see  Aneurism — a.  Mixed,  internal,  see  Aneurism 
— a.  Spontaneous,  see  Aneurism — a.  Spurious,  see 
Aneurism — a.  Traumatic,  see  Aneurism — a.  True, 
see  Aneurism — a.  Valsalva's  method  of  treating, 
see  Aneurism — a.  Varicose,  see  Aneurism. 

ANEURISMA,  Aneurism. 

ANEURIS'MAL,  Aneurys'mal,  Aneurismat'ic, 
Aneurysmal' icus,  Aneuriama' lis.  That  which  be- 
longs to  Aneurism. 

Aneurismal  Sac  or  Cyst,  (F.)  Sac  ou  Kyste 
anSvrysmal,  is  a  sort  of  pouch,  formed  by  the 
dilatation  of  the  coats  of  an  artery,  in  which  the 
blood,  forming  the  aneurismal  tumour,  is  con- 
tained. 

ANEURISMATIC,  Aneurismal. 

ANEURYSM,  Aneurism. 

ANEURYSMA,  Aneurism — a.  Cordis  activum. 
Heart,  hypertrophy  of  the  —  a,  Herniam  arteriae 
sistens,  see  Aneurism — a.  Si)urium,  see  Aneurism 
—  a.  Varicosum,  see  Aneurism  —  a.  Venoso-arte- 
riosuin,  see  Aneurism — a.  Verum,  see  Aneurism. 

ANEURYSME,  Aneurism. 

ANEURYSMUS,  Aneurism,  Dilatation. 

ANEVKIA,  Paralysis. 


ANEVRYSME,  Aneurism  — n.  de  V Aorta, 
Aorteurysma  —  a.  de  Putt,  see  Aneurism— o.  dea 
plus petites  Artires,  see  Aneurism — a.  Circonscrit, 
see  Aneurism — a.  Diffus,  see  Aneurism — a.  En- 
kyst^,  see  Aneurism  —  «.  Faux,  see  Aneurism  — 
a.  Faux  consecutif,  see  Aneurism — a.  Mixte,  see 
Aneurism — o.  par  Anastomose,  see  Aneuri^sm — a, 
par  Epanchement,  see  Aneurism — a.par Erosion, 
see  Aneurism — a.  2)<tr  Infiltration,  see  Aneurism 
— n.  Primitif,  see  Aneurism — a.  Sacciforme,  see 
Aneurism — a.  Variqueux,  see  Aneurism — a.  Vrai, 
see  Aneurism. 

ANEYS,  see  Pimpinclla  anisum. 

ANFION,  Maslach.  ^      , 

ANFUACTUOSITES  CEREBRALES,  An- 
fractuosities,  cerebral  —  a.  Ethmo'idales,  see  An- 
fractuosity. 

ANFRACTUOS'ITY'',  Anfrac'tus,  Sulcus,  from 
am,  'around,'  iinilfrangere,fractum,  'to  break.' 
A  groove  or  furrow.  Used  in  anatomy  to  signify 
sinuous  depressions  or  sulci,  of  greater  or  less 
depth,  like  those  which  separate  the  convolutions 
of  the  brain  from  each  other.     These 

Anfractuositiks,  Cerebral,  A»y>ocV««  Cer'- 
ehri,  (F.)  Anfractuosites  Oerebrales,  are  always 
narrow,  and  deeper  at  the  upper  surface  of  the 
brain  than  at  its  base ;  and  are  lined  by  a  pro- 
longation of  the  pia  mater. 

The  Ethmoid  Cells  are,  sometimes,  called  An- 
frortuosites  ethmoidales. 

ANFRACTUS,  Anfractuosity — a.  Cerebri,  An- 
fractuosities,  (cerebral.) 

ANGECTASIA,  Angiectasis. 

ANGEIAL,  Vascular. 

ANGEIECTASIA,  Angiectasis. 

ANGEIECTASIS,  Angiectasis. 

ANGEIECTOMA,  Angiectasis. 

ANGEIOG'RAPHY,  Angiotfraphy,  Angeio- 
graph'ia,  from  ayyuov,  ' sl  vessel,'  and  ypaipij,  'a 
description.'     The  anatomy  of  the  vessels. 

ANGEIOHYDROG'RAPHY,  Angiohydrog'. 
raphy,  Angeiondrog' rap)hy,  Angeiohydrogra'phin, 
Hydrangiogrnph' ia,  trom  ayyctov,  'a  vessel,'  'vSmji, 
'water,'  and  ypu^oj,  'I  describe.'  A  treatise  on 
the  lymphatics. 

ANGEIOIIYDROT'OMY,  Angiohydrot'omy, 
Angeiondrot'omy,  Angeiohydrotom'ia,  Hydran- 
giotom'ia,  from  ayy^iov,  'a  vessel,'  'viiop,  '  water,' 
and  Tf/jvciv,  '  to  cut.'  Dissection  of  the  lymphatics. 

ANGEIOLEUCI'TIS,  Angioleuci'tis,  ' Anyio- 
lymphi'tis,  Lymphange'i'tis,  Lyniphangi'tis,  Lym- 
phangioi'tis,  Hydrangei'tis,  Lymphi'tis,  Lympha- 
ti'tis,  Inflamma'tio  vaso'rum  lymphatico'rum,  i'rom 
ayyuQv, '  a  vessel,'  \ivKoii,  '  white,'  and  itis,  inflam- 
mation. (F.j  Injiammation  des  vaisseaux  iympha- 
tiques  ou  des  tissus  hlancs.  Inflammation  of  the 
lymphatics;  lymphatic  or  scrofulous  inflamma- 
tion. 

ANGEIOL'OGY",  Angiol'ogy,  Anr,eiolog"ia, 
from  ayyuov,  'a  vessel,'  and  ^oyo^,  'a  discourse.' 
A  discourse  on  the  vessels.  The  anatomy  of  the 
vessels.  It  includes  Arteriol'ogy,  PUebol'ogy, 
and  Angeiohydrol'ogy. 

ANGEIOMALA'CIA,  Angiomala'cia,  from 
ayyuov,  'a  vessel,' and  ixaKaKta,  'softening.'  Mol- 
lescence  or  softening  of  vessels. 

ANGEIOMYCES,  Ha;matodes  fungus 

ANGEION,  Vessel. 

ANGEIONDROGRAPHY,    Angeiohydrogra- 

phy- 

ANGEIONDROTOMY,  Angeiohydrotomv. 

ANGEIONOSUS,  Angeiopathia. 

ANGEIONUSUS,  Angeiopathia. 

ANGEIOPATHI'A,  Angiopathi'a,  Angeion'- 
osus,  Angeionu'sus,  Angio'sis,  from  ayyuov,  '  a 
vessel,'  and  ?r«9os,  'a  disease.'  Disease  of  the 
vessels. 

ANGEIOPLA'NIA,.4»r//o2;?c<';u-a,fromayj,£,ov, 


ANGEIOPLEROSIS 


G3 


ANGINA 


a  vessel,'  and  nXavr,,  'error.'     Anomaly  in  the 
structure  and  distribution  of  vessels, 
AN(;EI0PLER0SIS,  Plethora. 
ANGKIOI'YKA,  Synocha. 
ANaKIOURHAUIA,  llajinorrhagia  activa. 
AN(iE10KRII(E'A,     An^iorrha-',,,    (F.)     An- 
geiorrhee  ;  from  ayyciov,  'a  vessel,'  and  ptu,  'I 
flow.'     p!i.«sive  hemorrhage. 

ANGEIOSIS,  An-io?is. 

AN(iEIOSTE«NOSIS,  Angieraphraxis. 

ANGEIOSTENOSIS,  Angicmphraxis. 

ANGEIOSTEO'SIS,  An<ji„>,tu'ais  from  ayyuov, 
'a  vessel,' and  uaTtiuots,  'ossification.'  Ossiticu- 
tion  of  vessels. 

ANGEIOSTROPHE,  see  Torsion. 

ANGEIOTELECTASIA,  Telangiectasia. 

ANUEIOT'OMY,  AiKjwt'onnj,  Awjeiotnm'ia, 
from  ayyuov,  'a  vessel,'  and  rtjjivtiv,  'to  cut.' 
Dissection  of  vessels. 

ANUEI'TIS,  Aiitjn'tin,  Anrji'oi'tis,  Inflommn'- 
tio  vaHo'ritm,  (P.)  Aii;/ei/e,  from  ayyuov,  'a  vessel,' 
and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  vessels  in  general. 

ANGEL-BREAD.  A  kind  of  purgative  cake, 
formerly  made  of  spurge,  ginger,  flour  and  oat- 
meal.—  lialliwell. 

ANGELIC  ROOT,  Angelica  lucida. 

ANGEL'ICA,  Angel'ica  Archanfjvl' ica  seu 
Ilispa'na  seu  Sati'va,  Archamjel' tea  officliirt'lin, 
Garden  Angelica,  (F.)  Aiigeliqiic,  Racine  de  Saint 
Usprit.  So  called  from  its  supposed  angelic  vir- 
tues. Ord.  Umbelliferffi.  SejL-.  Synt.  Pontandria 
Digynia.  Native  of  Lapland.  The  roots,  stalk, 
leaves,  and  seed,  are  aromatic  and  carminative. 
A  sweetmeat  is  made  of  the  root,  which  is 
agreeable. 

Angklica  AncnANGELiCA,  Angelica. 

Angelica  ATUoi'URPD'nEA,  Angelica  (Ph. 
U.  S.),  J/anteriBort.  An  indigenous  species,  grow- 
ing over  the  whole  United  States,  and  admitted 
into  the  secondary  list  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of 
the  United  States.  Virtues,  same  as  those  of 
the  Angelica  of  Europe. 

Angelica  Lkvisticum,  Ligustieura  levisticum. 

Angelica  Lu'cida,  Angel'ic  root,  Bellyache 
root,  Nendo,  White  root,  an  indigenous  plant,  the 
root  of  which  is  bitterish,  subaerid,  fragrant, 
aromatic,  stomachic,  and  tonic.  Also,  Ligusticum 
actaiifolium. 

Angelica  Nendo,  Ligusticum  actaeifolium. 

Angelica  Officinalis.  Iinperatoria — a.  Palu- 
dapifolia,  Ligusticum  levisticum — a.  Sativa,  An- 
gelica, A.  sylvestris. 

Angelica  Sylves'tris,  A.  snti'vn,  Scli'nian 
Sylves'tre  seu  Angel'ica  seu  Puhes'cens,  Irnjyera- 
to'ria  Sylves'tris  seu  Angelica,  Wild  Angel'ica, 
(F.)  Angeliqne  sauvage.  Possesses  similar  pro- 
perties to  the  last,  but  in  an  inferior  degree.  The 
seeds,  powdered  and  put  into  the  hair,  are  used 
to  destroy  lice.     Also,  Ligusticum  podagraria. 

Angelica  Tree,  Araiia  spinosa. 

ANGELI'NyE  CORTEX.  The  bark  of  a 
Grcmida  tree,  which  has  been  recommended  as 
anthelmintic  and  cathartic. 

ANfiJiLf QUE,  Angelica. — a.  Sauvage,  Angel- 
ica sylvestris. 

ANGELOCACOS.  Myrobalnnus. 

AN(5EMPIIRAXIS,  Angicmphraxis. 

AXGIAIRHYDltlE,  Asphyxia  by  submer- 
sion. , 

ANGTARHEMTE.  Haemoptysis. 

ANGIA  URHA  (HE.  IFaMnoptvsis. 

ANGlBROMELMIXrillE,  Worms  (intes- 
tinal). 

ANGTCHOLOLITHE,  Calculi,  biliary. 

ANGIDIECTASIA.  Trichangiectasia. 

ANGIDIOSPONGUS,  Uiematodes  fungus. 


ANGIECTASIA  VENOSA,  Varix. 

ANGIEC'TASIS,  Angeiecla'aia.  Angecta'nia, 
Angieurye'ma,  Angeiecto'ma,  Aiigiodian'tagis,  from 
ayyuov,  'a  vessel,'  and  tfTatrK,' dilatation.' Dila- 
tation of  vessels.  —  Griife  and  Alibert.  See 
Telangiectasia. 

ANGIEMPIIRAX'IS,  Avgemphrax'i,,  Angei. 
osteno'nis,  Angeioslegno'ais,  from  ayyctov,  '  a  ves- 
sel,' and  efifpa'.,is,  '  obstruction.'  Obstruction  of 
vessels. 

ANGIEIJRYSMA,  Angiectasis. 

ANGIITE,  Inflammation,  Angeitis. 

ANGIITIS,  Angeitis. 

ANGI'NA,  Febris  Aiigino'sa,  htlimi'tis.  Quin- 
sy or  Sore  Throat;  from  augere,  'to  choke.' 
Inflammation  of  the  supru-diapliragmatic  portion 
of  the  alimentary  canni,  and  of  the  air  passages. 
The  Latin  writers  applied  the  term  to  every  dis- 
ease in  which  deglutition  or  respiration,  sepa- 
rately or  united,  was  affected,  provided  that  such 
affection  was  above  the  stomach  and  lungs. — 
Boerhave  speaks  of  the  angina  of  the  moribund, 
which  is  nothing  more  than  the  dysphagia  or 
difiicult  deglutition  preceding  death.  See  Cy- 
nanche. 

Angina  ApniHOSA,  Aphthae— a.  Aquosa,  Oilde- 
ma  of  the  glottis — a.  Broncliialis,  Bronchitis— a. 
Canina,  Cynanche  trachealis — a.  Cordis,  Angina 
|iectoris — a.  cum  Tumore,  Cynanche  tonsillaris — 
a.  Epidemiea,  Cynanche  maligna  —  a.  Epiglot- 
tidea,  Epiglottitis — a.  Erysipelatosa,  Erytliraneho 
a.  Exsmlatorin, Cynanche  trachealis — a.  Externa, 
Cynanche  parotidaea— a.  Faucium,  Isthmitis — a. 
Faucium  Maligna,  Cynanche  maligna — a.  Folli- 
culosa  of  the  pharynx,  IMiaryngitis,  follicular — 
a.  Gangricnosa,  Cynanche  maligna— a.  llumida, 
Cynanche  trachealis — a.  Inflammatoria,  Cynan- 
che, Cynanche  trachealis — a.  Laryngea,  Laryn- 
gitis— a.  Laryngea  CE<lematosa,  (Edema  of  tho 
glottis — a.  Linguaria,  Glossitis — a.  Maligna,  An- 
gina pellicularis,  Cynanche  maligna.  Pharyngitis, 
diphtheritic — a.  Maxillaris,  Cynanche  parotidaea 
—  a.  Membranacea,  Cynanche  trachealis  —  a. 
Mitis,  Isthmitis. 

Angi'na  Nasa'lis,  Nnsi'tis  posti'ca.  An  in- 
flammation of  the  posterior  portion  of  the  ^'chnci- 
derian  membrane  lining  the  nose.    Also,  Coryza. 

Angi'na  ffinEMATo'sA,  (F.)  Angine  adema- 
tense,  (Edeuie  de  la  Glolte.  An  oedematous  swell- 
ing of  the  glottis,  the  effect  of  chronic  cynanche 
laryngea.     See  (Edema  of  the  Glottis. 

Angina  Palatina,  Ilyperoitis — a.  Paralytica, 
Pharyngoplegia — a.  Parotidaea  Externa,  Cynan- 
che parotidffia. 

Angi'na  Pec'toris,  A.  cordis,  Sternal'gia, 
Asthma  spastico-artlirit'icnm  iucon'slans.  Asthma 
diaphragmat'icum,  Arthri'tis  diaphragmatica , 
Orthopnw'a  cardi'aca,  Sternodyn'ia  syueop'tiea 
et  pal'pitans,  S.  syncopa'lis,  Cardiog'nius  cordis 
sinis'tri,  Asthetii'a  pectora'lis,  Angor  pec'toris, 
Stcnocar'dia,  Diaphragmat'ic  gout.  Asthma  con- 
vulsi'vnm.  Asthma  arthriticnm.  Card ionenral'gia , 
Neural' gia  hrach  iothornc"ica,  U yperasth  e'  sia, 
plejcus  cardi'aci,  A.  dolori/'icum.  Syncope  arigi- 
no'sa  seu  angens,  Cardiod'yne  spasmod'icu  inter- 
mit'tens,  Pnigopho'hia,  Prunel'la,  Suspir'ium 
cardi'acum,  Pnenmonal'gia,  Suffocative  Brrant- 
pang,  (F.)  Angine  de  Poitrine,  Necrose  du  Vceur. 
A  disease,  the  precise  }>athology  of  which  is  not 
known.  The  principal  symptoms  are.  violent 
pain  about  the  sternum,  extending  towards  the 
arms,  anxiety,  dyspna?a,  and  sense  of  suffoca- 
tion. It  is  an  affection  of  great  danger,  juid  is 
often  connected  with  ossification,  or  other  morbid 
condition  of  the  heart.  It  appears  to  he  neuropp.- 
thic,  and  has  been  termed  Neuralgia  of  the  Heart. 
Some,  however,  employ  this  last  term  for  an 
acutely  painful  intermittent  affection  of  the  heart, 
which  seems  to  differ  from  angina  pectoris  more 


ANGINE   GUTTURALE 


6  4 


ANGONE 


in  regarfl  to  the  small  number  of  parts  which  are 
drawn  into  morbid  consent  with  the  affected  car- 
diac nerves,  than  in  regard  either  to  its  nature 
or  appropriate  treatment.  The  most  powerful 
stimulating  and  narcotic  antispasmodics  are  re- 
quired during  the  paroxysm. 

Angi'ka  Pellicula'ius,  A.  malig'na,  Biptlie- 
ri'tis  of  the  throat.  A  name  given  to  those  in- 
flammations about  the  throat,  in  which  exuda- 
tions or  false  membranes  are  thrown  out  during 
the  phlogosis  of  the  mucous  membranes.  AphthcB, 
Tracheitii,  when  accompanied  with  the  membra- 
niforra  exudation,  are,  with  some,  examples  of 
diphtheritic  inflammation. 

Anoina  Peuvioiosa,  Cynanche  trachealis — a. 
Pestilentialis,  Pharyngitis,  diphtheritic — a.  Poly- 
posis, Cynanche  trachealis — a.  Polyposaseu  Mem- 
branacea,  Cynanche  trachealis— a.  Pseudo-raem- 
branosa.  Pharyngitis,  diphtheritic  —  a.  Pulposa, 
Cynanche  trachealis — a.  Sanguinea,  Cynanche 
tonsillaris. 

Angixa  Sicca,  (F.)  Amjine  Seche,  is  a  chronic 
inflammation  of  the  pharynx,  with  a  distressing 
sense  of  dryness  and  heat,  in  chronic  diseases  of 
the  stomach  and  lungs.  See  Paedanchone. 
Angina  Suiplex,  Isthmitis. 
Angina  Squirro'sa,  (F.)  Anr/iue  squirrense, 
consists  in  difiiculty  of  deglutition,  caused  by 
scirrhous  disorganization  of  the  pharynx  or  oeso- 
phagus, or  by  enlarged  tonsils. 

Angina  Strangiilatoria,  Cynanche  trache- 
alis— a.  Strepitosa,  Cynanche  trachealis-^-a.  Suf- 
focatoria,  Cynanche  trachealis  —  a.  Synochalis, 
Cynanche  tonsillaris — a.  Thyreoidea,  Thyreoitis 
—  a.  Tonsillaris,  Cynanche  tonsillaris  —  a.  Tra- 
chealis, Cynanche  trachealis  —  a.  Ulcerosa,  Cy- 
nanche maligna  —  a.  Uvularis,  Staphyloedema, 
Uvulitis  —  a.  Vera  et  Legitima,  Cynanche  ton- 
sillaris. 

ANGINE  GUTTURALE,  Cynanche  tonsil- 
laris—  a.  Laryugee,  Laryngitis  —  a.  Larync/ee  et 
tracheule,  Cynanche  trachealis — a.  Larynyee  cede- 
mnteuse.  ffidemaof  the  glottis — a.  Q^Hophagieniie, 
CEsophagitis — a.Phnrynyee,  Cynanche  parotidaea 
— a.  de  Puitriiie,  Angina  pectoris — a.  Seche,  An- 
gina sicca^a.  Simple,  Isthmitis — a.  Squirreuse, 
Angina  Squirrosa — a.  Tonsillaire,  Cynanche  ton- 
sillaris. 

ANGINEUX,  Angino.-e. 

ANGINO'SE,  Angino  o\(»,  (F.)  Anginenx.    Re 
lating  or  appertaining  tc  angina ;  as  Scarlati'na 
anginii'sri. 

ANGIOCARDI'TIS,  from  ayyttov,  'a  vessel,' 
and  carditis,   '  inflammation  of  the   heart.'     In- 
flammation of  the  heart  and  great  vessels. 
ANGIODIASTASIS,  Angiectasis. 
ANG  IO<JR APIIY,  Angeiography. 
ANOrOHEMIE,  Hyperemia. 
ANGIOHYDROGRAPHY,    Angeiohydrogra- 
phv. 

ANGIOHYDROTOMY,  Angeiohydrotomy. 
ANGIOITIS.  Angeitis. 
ANGIOLEUCITIS,  Angeioleucitis. 
ANGIOLOGY,  Angeiology. 
ANGIOLYMPIIITIS,  Angeioleucitis. 
ANGIOMALACIA,  Angeiomalacia. 
ANGIOMYCES,  Haematodes  fungus. 
ANGIONOSUS,  Angeiopathia. 
ANGIONUSUS,  Angeiopathia. 
ANGIOPATHIA,  Angeiopathia. 
ANGIOPLANIA,  Angeioplania. 
ANGIOPLEROSIS,  Plethora. 
ANGIOPYRA,  Svnocha. 
ANGIORRIIAGIA,  Haemorrhagia  activa. 
ANGIORRHCEA,  Angeiorrhoea. 
ANGIO;^IS,  Angiopathia. 
ANGIOSTEGNOSrS,  Angieraphraxis. 
ANGIOSTRXOSIS,  Angiemphraxis. 
ANGIOSTOSIS,  Angeiostosis. 


ANGIORTROPIIE.  see  Torsion. 

ANGIOTKLECTASIA,  Telangiectasia. 

AXGIOTEN'IC,  Aiigeiuten'ic,  Aiigioten'iciit 
seu  Aiigeioten'icus,  from  ayyuov,  'a.  vessel,'  and 
Tuvuv,  '  to  extend.'  An  epithet  given  to  inflain- 
matry  fever,  owing  to  its  action  seeming  to  be 
chiefly  exerted  on  the  vascular  system. 

A>JGIOTOMY,  Angeiotomy. 

ANGLE,  Ait'gulns,  from  ayKv'Xoi,  'a  hook.' 
The  space  between  two  lines  which  meet  in  a 
point. 

Angle,  Fa'cial,  pointed  out  by  Camper,  is 
formed  by  the  union  of  two  lines,  one  of  which 
is  drawn  from  the  most  prominent  part  of  the 
forehead  to  the  alveolar  edge  of  the  upper  jaw, 
opposite  the  incisor  teeth — the  facial  line — and 
the  other  from  the  meatus  auditorius  externus  to 
the  same  point  of  the  jaw.  According  to  the 
size  of  the  angle  it  has  been  attempted  to  appre- 
ciate the  respective  proportions  of  the  cranium 
and  face,  and,  to  a  certain  extent,  the  degree  of 
intelligence  of  individuals  and  of  animals.  In 
the  white  varieties  of  the  species,  this  angle  is 
generally  80°  ;  in  the  negro  not  more  than  70°, 
and  sometimes  only  6u°.  As  we  descend  the 
scale  of  animals,  the  angle  becomes  less  and  less  ; 
until,  in  fishes,  it  nearly  or  entirely  disappears. 
Animals  which  have  the  snout  long,  and  faaial 
angle  small,  such  as  the  snipe,  crane,  stork,  <Scc., 
are  proverbially  foolish,  at  least  they  are  so 
esteemed;  whilst  intelligence  is  ascribed  to  those 
in  which  the  angle  is  more  largely  developed,  as 
the  elephant  and  the  owl.  In  these  last  animals, 
however,  the  large  facial  angle  is  caused  by  the 
size  of  the  frontal  sinuses  : — so  that  this  mode  of 
appreciating  the  size  of  the  brain  is  very  inexact, 
and  cannot  be  depended  upon. 

The  following  is  a  table  of  the  angle  in  man 
and  certain  animals  : 

FACIAL   ANGLES. 

Man from  68°  to  8S°  and  more. 

Sapajou 65 

Orang-Utang 56  to  58 

Guenon  57 

Mandrill 30  to  42 

Coati 28 

Pole-Cat  31 

Pug-Dog 35 

Mastiff 41 

Hare 30 

Kam 30 

Horse 23 

Angle,  Occipital,  of  Daubenton,  is  formed 
by  a  line  drawn  from  the  posterior  margin  of  the 
foramen  magnum  to  the  inferior  margin  of  the 
orbit,  and  another  drawn  from  the  top  of  the 
head  to  the  space  between  the  occipital  condyles. 
In  man,  these  condyles,  as  well  as  the  foramen 
magnum,  are  so  situate,  that  a  line  drawn  per- 
pendicular to  them  would  be  a  continuation  of 
the  spine;  but  in  animals  they  are  placed  more 
or  less  obliquely  ;  and  the  perpendicular  is  ne- 
cessarily thrown  farther  forward,  and  the  angle 
rendered  more  acute. 

Angle,  Optic,  (F.)  Angle  optiqne,  is  the  angle 
formed  by  two  lines,  which  shave  the  extremities 
of  an  object,  and  meet  at  the  centre  of  the  pupil. 

ANGNAIL,  HangnaiL 

ANGOISSE,  Angor. 

ANGOLAM.  A  very  tall  Malabar  tree,  which 
possesses  vemiifuge  properties. 

AN'GONE,  properly  An'chnne,  from  ayxii,  'I 
choke.'  Axaii'roiiie,  Hi/sterapopnijc'ix,  Ifys'tero- 
pni.r,  Prafnca'tio  Fau'ciiim  seu  Uteri'iia  seu 
Matri'cio,  Strangidn'tio  uteri'iia,  Siiffoca'tio  ute- 
ri'na  seu  hyHter'ica,  Glubux  seu  NodtiH  hyuter'icHi, 
Orthnpnce'a  hyster'ica,  Dyspha'gia  globo'm  seU 
hijxtcr'ica,  Ncrvom  Qidnxy.  A  feeling  of  strangu- 
lation, with  dread  of  suffocation.     It  is  commoa 


ANGOR 


6  5 


ANIMAL 


in  hysterical  females,  and  is  accompanied  wilh  a 
sensation  as  if  a  ball  arose  from  the  abdomen  to 
the  throat. 

AN(JOR,  Anfjuinh,  (¥.)  Anr]ohse,  Extreme 
anxiety,  accompanied  with  painful  constriction 
at  the  ei)igastrium,  and  often  with  palpitation 
and  oppression.  It  is  frequently  an  unfavour- 
able symptom. 

Angoii,  Agony,  Orthopnoea — a.  Faucium,  Isth- 
mitis — a.  Pectoris,  Angina  pectoris. 

ANGOS,  Bubo,  Uterus,  Vessel. 

ANdOSrURE  VRAIE,  Cusparia  febrifuga. 

AN(iOUIlIOX,  Cucumis  sativus. 

AN(}i:iS,  Serpent. 

ANdUKSH,  Angor. 

Anguish,  Fkbhilk,  Angor  Fehri'Us.  The  com- 
bination of  weariness,  pain,  anxiety,  and  weak- 
ness affecting  the  head  and  neclc,  which  is  so  ge- 
nerally observed  at  the  commencement  of  fever. 

ANGULAIRE  BE  L'OilOPLATE,  Levator 
scapula-. 

AN'OULAR,  Angula'ris,  from  angulitu,  'an 
angle,'  (F.)  Aiif/idnlre.  That  which  relates  to 
an  angle. 

Angular  Autkry  and  Vein.  A  name  given, 
1.  to  the  termination  of  the  facial  artery  and 
vein,  because  they  pass  by  the  greater  angle  of 
the  eye;  and,  2.  to  the  facial  artery  and  vein 
themselves,  because  they  pass  under  the  angle 
of  the  jaw.     Sec  Facial. 

Angular  Nervk  is  a  filament  furnished  by 
the  inferior  maxillary,  which  passes  near  the 
greater  angle  of  the  eye. 

Angular  Prochsses  of  the  frontal  bone  are 
seated  near  the  angles  of  the  eyes.     See  Orbitar. 

ANGULARIS,  Levator  scapulas. 

AXGULI-  SCAPULO  -  HUMERAL,  Teres 
major. 

ANGULUS  COSTiE,  see  Costa  — a.  Ocularis, 
Canthus. 

ANUUUIA.  Cucurbita  citrullus. 

AN(!lISTATrO,  Arctatio— a.  Cordis,  Systole— 
a.  lutt'.-itini  recti  vel  Ani,  Stricture  of  the  rectum. 

ANGUS'TIA,  Angusta'tio,  Stenocho'ria.  Anx- 
iety, narrowness,  strait,  constriction. 

Anoustia  Abdominalis,  Pelvis,  (Brim)  —  a. 
PerinKalis,  Pelvis,  (Outlet.) 

ANGUSTUKA,  Cusparia  febrifuga— a.  False, 
Brucea  antidysenterica,  and  Strychnos  nux  vo- 
mica—  a.  Spuria,  Brucea  antidysenterica,  and 
Strychnos. 

ANGUSTURE,  FAUSSE,  Brucea  antidysen- 
terica—  a.  Ferriigiiieiise,  Brucea  antidysenterica 
— a.  Vrnic,  Cusparia  febrifuga. 

A NG  ( 'S  TUR IXE,  Brucine. 

ANILEMATOSIA,  Asphyxia,  Anaemia. 

ANIl.EMIA,  Anwmia. 

ANHAPHIA.  Anaphia. 

ANHELA'TIO,  from  anhelo,  'I  pant.'  An- 
heVituK,  Aas'mus,  Panting,  Gaspi?ig,  Aiihelntion, 
(Sc.)  Ilecli,  Hegh,  (Prov.)  Giin,  Kawing,  Peck- 
ing, (F.)  EsHDiiJJicmtnt.  Short  and  rapid  breath- 
ing.    See  Dyspnoea. 

Anhclntio  is  sometimes  employed  synony- 
raouslv  with  asthma. 

ANilHLITUS,  Breath. 

ANHKMA  rOSIE,  Anajmia,  Asphyxia, 

ANHEMIE,  Anajmia. 

ANIIIS'TOUS,  from  a,  av,  privative,  and  'icrrot, 
'organic  texture,' 'yLiorf/fDwV.'  Amor'phns.  The 
tuntca  decidua  uteri  is  termed  by  Velpeau  the 
uiihislonn  niemliyaiie. 

ANHUIBA.  Lauras  sassafras. 

ANIIYDR^E'MIA,  Ancemijd' ria,  from  av,  pri- 
vative, 'w(5u)p,  'water,'  and  'ai/ia,  'blood.'  A  con- 
dition of  the  blood  in  which  there  is  a  diminution 
\\\  the  quantity  of  the  serum. 

AXllYr>ROMYEL'IA,  from    av,  priv.,  'uoui^, 


'water,'  and  //ueXof,  'marrow.'  Deficiency  or 
absence,  in  the  spinal  cavity,  of  the  cephalo-spi- 
nal  fluid. 

ANICE'TOX,  Anice'tum,  ifesia'mnm,  from  a, 
privative,  and  mkti,  'victory,'  'invincible.'  A 
plaster  much  extolled  by  the  ancients  in  cases 
of  achores.  It  was  formed  of  litharge,  cerusse, 
thus,  alum,  turpentine,  white  pepper,  and  oil. 

A  N  I'D  E  US,  from  av,  privative,  and  £(5of, 
'shape.'  Aiiiorphus.  A  monster  devoid  of  shape. 
— .1.  G.  St.  Hilaire. 

ANIDRO'SLS,  from  a,  privative,  and  'tSpu>i, 
'sweat.'  Siiclo'ris  nul'litas  vel  jirivi'tio.  Ab- 
sence of  sweat.  Deficiency  of  perspiration.  — 
Hippocrates. 

ANILEMA,  Borborygmus,  Tormina. 

ANILESIS,  Borborygmus,  Tormina. 

AXILITAS,  sec  Dementia. 

AN'IJMA,  Aii'imus,  Jlens,  Payclie.  The  mind, 
breath,  &c.,  from  aveiio;,  'wind  or  breath.'  (F.) 
Anie.  The  principle  of  the  intellectual  and  moral 
manifestations.  Also,  the  principle  of  life  —  the 
life  of  plants  being  termed  An'ima  vcgetnti'vn, 
(F.)  Ame  vegetative  ;  that  of  man,  An'ima  sensi- 
ti'vn,  (F.)  Atiie  sensitive. 

The  Aninia  of  Stahl,  An'ima  Stnlilin'na.  was  a 
fancied  intelligent  principle,  which  he  supposed 
to  preside  over  the  phenomena  of  life,  —  like  the 
Arrhmiia  of  Van  Jlelmont. 

Under  the  term  Anima  viundi,  the  ancient  phi- 
losophers meant  a  universal  Spirit,  which  they 
supposed  spread  over  every  part  of  the  uni- 
verse. 

The  precise  seat  of  the  mind  in  the  brain  h.ns 
given  rise  to  many  si)eculutions.  The  point  is 
unsettled. 

With  the  ancient  chemists,  Anima  meant  the 
active  principle  of  a  drug  separated  by  some 
chemical  management. 

Anima  Ai,oks  :  see  Aloes  Succotorina — a.  Ar- 
ticLilorum,  Hermodactylus — a.  Hepatis,  Ferri  sul- 
phas—  a.  Pulmonum,  Crocus  —  a.  Rhei,  Iiifusum 
rhei  —  a.  Stahliana,  see  Anima  —  a.  Vegetativa, 
Plastic  force. 

AN'OIAL,  Zijon.  A  name  given  to  every 
animated  being.  Most  animals  have  the  power 
of  locomotion ;  some  can  merely  execute  par- 
tial movements,  such  as  contraction  and  dila- 
tation. In  other  respects  it  is  often  a  matter 
of  difBculty  to  determine  what  is  an  animal 
oharaetoristic.  The  study  of  animals  is  called 
Zool'og>i. 

An'imal,  Anima'Us.  That  which  concerns,  or 
belongs  to,  an  animal. 

Animal  Hkat,  Calor  anima'Us  seu  nati'vus, 
CaVidnm  anima' le  seu  inna'tiim,  Bioh/ch'nion. 
Flam'mnla  vita'lis,  Therma  em'phyttim,  Thermvvi 
em'phi/tnm,  Ignis  anima'Us  seu  natiira'lis  seu 
vita'lis,  (F.)  Chalcnr animate,  is  the  caloric  con- 
stantly formed  by  the  body  of  a  living  animal, 
by  virtue  of  which  it  preserves  nearly  the  same 
temperature,  whatever  may  be  that  of  the  me- 
dium in  which  it  is  placed.  This  formation 
seems  to  take  place  over  the  whole  of  the  body, 
and  to  be  connected  with  the  action  of  nutrition. 

The  following  are  the  natural  temperatures  of 
certain  animals;  that  of  man  being  98°  or  100°. 

Animals.  Temperaturt. 

Arctic  Fox 107 

Arctic  Wolf )  JQ5 

Squirrel / 

"»•* • I  104 

Whale J 

Arctomys  citillas,  zizU — iu  summer.- 103 

Do.                when  torpid 80  to  84 

Goat 103 

Bat.  in  summer ~. 1  iao 

Musk i 

Marmota  bobae— 5o6(ic 101  or  102 

House  mouse 101 


ANIMALCULA 


GG 


ANISOTACIIYS 


:::[ 


AxiMALS.  Temptratur  . 

Arctomys  marmota,  marmot,— in  summer...  1'  1  or  102 

Do.  when  torpid '^,„. 

Rabbit ^  0  ^  101 

Polar  Boar 1"0 

Dog 1 

Cat  .... 

Swine"::;;:::::::::::::::::::::;::::::::;::::: \  loo  to  los 

Sheep 

Ox  J 

Guinea-pig.: :..: 100  to  102 

Arctomys  glis ^'^ 

Shrew ^^ 

Youns  wolf. 96 

Frin^illa  artica,  Arctic  finch \  \\\ 

)lubecoIa.  redbreast J 

Frinj^illa  linaria,  Jcsser  red poM •••  HO  or  111 

Falco  palumbarius,  (7os/iai«/i; 

Caprimul^'us  Europaeus,  European  goat- 

svtcker , 

Emberiza  nivalis,  snow-bunting 109  to  110 

Falco  lanarius,  lanner 

Fringilla  carduelis,  goldfinch 

Corvus  corax.  »'ai'cre 

Turdus,  thrush,  (of  Ceylon,) 

Tetrao  perdix,  partridge 

Anas  clypoata,  shovehr 

Tringa  pupcnax,  ruffe 

Scolopax  limo.sa,  lesser  godwit 

'I'etrao  tetrix,  grouse 

Fringilla  brumalis,  winterfinch , 

Loxia  pyrrhula 

Falco  nisus,  sparrowhawk 

Vultur  biirbatus 

Anser  pulchricollis 

Colymbus  auritus,  dusky  grebe 

Trinf^a  ranellus,  lapming,  wounded, 

Tetrao  la?:opu.'<,  ptarmigan 

Fringilla  domestica,  7(Oz/.5e  sparrou) 107  to  111 

Strix  papserina,  ?iWe  owl 

Haematopus  ostralegus,  sea-pie.... 

Anas  penelope,  widgeon J-         106 

Anas  strepera,  gadwall , 

relceanus  carbo 

Falco  ossifra:.?us,  seaeagle 

Fulica  atra,  coot }■        105 

Anas  acuta,  pintail-duch 

t'alco  milvus,  kite,  (wounded,) )  jq^ 

jMerops  apiaster,  bee-eater ) 

Goose 

Htfn 

Dove 

Duck 

Ardea  stellaris 

Falco  albicoUis 

I'icus  major 

Cossns  liguiperda 

Shark 

Torpedo  marmorata 


100 


109 


108 


107 


103  to  107 


103 

)  to  91 
83 
74 


Animal  Kingdom,  (F.)  Eigne  Animal,  com- 
prises all  animated  beings. 

Animal  Layer,  see  TacJie  emhryonnaire  —  a. 
Masrnetism,  see  Magnetism,  animal. 

ANIMALCULA  SEMINALIA,  Spermatozoa 
— a.  Spermatica,  Spermatozorl. 

ANIMAL'CULE,  Animal'cidum ;  diminutive 
of  animal.  A  small  animal.  An  animal  well 
seen  only  by  means  of  the  microscope. 

ANIMALCULES,  SEMINAL,  Spermatozoa— 
a.  Spermatic,  Spermatozoa. 

ANIMALCULISM,  Spermatism. 

ANIMAL'CULIST,  An'imalint.  One  who  at- 
tempts to  explain  different  physiological  or  pa- 
thological phenomena  by  means  of  animalcules. 
One  who  believes  that  the  embryo  is  formed  from 
the  so-called  spermatic  animalcules — sperm' atist, 
sem'inint. 

ANIMAL'CULOVISM,  Animalculovism'- 
tis,  from  animalculum  and  ovum.  The  doctrine, 
now  universal,  which  maiptains  that  the  new 
being  is  formed  by  the  concourse  of  the  sperma- 
tic animalcule  or  spermatozoid  with  the  ovum. 

ANIMALCULUM,  Animalcule. 

ANIMALIST,  Animalculist. 

ANIMAL'ITY,  Animal'itno,  (F.)  AnimalitL 
The  aggregate  of  qualities  which  distinguish  that 
which  is  animated.  That  which  constitutes  the 
animal. 


A  N  I M  A  L  I Z  A'  T I  0  N,  Animalina'lio.  Tlio 
transformation  of  the  nutritive  parts  of  food  into 
the  living  substance  of  the  body  to  be  nourished. 
Assimilation. 

To  AN'IMATE,  Anima're.  To  unite  the  liv- 
ing principle  with  an  organized  body.  Tlio 
French  use  it  in  the  sense  of, — to  excite  or  render 
active;  as,  animer  nn  vesicatoire :  to  excite  a 
blister  to  suppurate. 

ANIMATIO,  Animation— a.  Foetfls,  see  Quick, 
ening. 

ANIMA'TION,  Zuh'sinjAnima'tio,  from  animn, 
'the  soul  or  mind.'  The  act  of  animating.  The 
state  of  being  enlivened. 

Animation,  Suspended,  Asphyxia. 

AN'IME,  Gum  an'ime,  Amiiix'a,  Gumnii  an'- 
imc,  Can'cnmum,  Cau'cami/.  A  resin  obtained 
from  the  trunk  of  Hi/men'ccn  conr'haril.  Ord. 
Fabaceoe.  It  lias  been  given  as  a  ce|)halic  and 
uterine.  It  is  not  used.  The  plant  is  also  called 
Cutir'  bnril. 

ANT.ME,  (F.)  An  epithet  applied  to  the 
countenance,  when  florid,  in  health  or  disease. 

ANIMELL^,  Parotid. 

ANIMI  CASUS  SUBITUS,  Syncope— a.  De- 
liquium.  Syncope — a.  Pathemata,  Passions. 

ANIMISM,  see  Animist. 

AN'IMIST,  from  anima,  'the  soul.'  One  who, 
following  the  example  of  Stahl,  refers  all  the 
phenomena  of  the  animal  ecomony  to  the  soul, 
An'iniism, 

The  soul,  according  to  Stahl,  is  the  immediate 
and  intelligent  agent  of  every  movement,  and  of 
every  material  change  in  the  body.  Stahl  there- 
fore concluded,  that  disease  is  nothing  more 
than  a  disturbance  or  disorder  in  the  government 
of  the  economy,  or  an  effort  by  which  the  soul, 
attentive  to  every  morbific  cause,  endeavours  to 
expel  whatever  may  be  deranging  the  habitual 
order  of  health.     See  Stahlianism. 

ANIMUS,  Anima,  Breath. 

ANIRID'IA,  from  av,  priv.,  and  ipig,  ipiSo;  'the 
iris.'     Absence  of  the  jris. 

ANIS,  Piiupinellaanisum — a.  Aigre,  Cuminum 
Cyminum — «.  dc  la  Chine,  Illicium  anisatum — n. 
Doux,  Anethum^ — a.  Etoile,  Illicium  anisatum. 

ANISA'TUM,  from  Anisum,  '  Amse.'  A  sort 
of  medicated  wine,  formerly  prepared  with  honey, 
wine  of  Ascalon,  and  aniseed. 

ANISCALPTOR,  Latissimus  dorsi. 

ANISCHUKIA,  Enuresis. 

ANISE,  Pimpinella  anisum — a.  Star,  Illicium 
anisatum,  I.  Floridanum  —  a.  Tree,  Florida,  Illi- 
cium Floridanum — a.  Tree,  yellow-flowered,  Illi- 
cium anisatum. 

ANISEED,  see  Pimpinella  anisum. 

ANISEMA  DRACONTIUM,  Arum  dracon- 
tiura. 

ANISI  SEMINA,  see  Pimpinella  anisum. 

ANISO'DUS  LU'RIDUS,  Nican'dra  anom'- 
ala,  Phy'saJis  stranio'nittm,  Whitley'a  ntramo'iii- 
folia.  A  plant  of  Nepal,  possessed  of  narcotic 
properties,  and  resembling  belladonna  and  to- 
bacco. It  dilates  the  pupil,  and  is  used  in  dis- 
eases of  the  eye  like  belladonna.  It  is  given  in 
alcoholic  tincture  (dried  leaves  '^j  to  ahiihul 
f^viij).    Dose,  20  drops  internally  in  the  24  hours. 

ANISOPIIYLLUM  IPECACUANHA,  Eu- 
phorbia Ipecacuanha. 

ANISOS'THENRS,  Ina-.qii&'H  roh'ore  pollcm. 
That  which  is  unequal  in  strength  :  from  av, 
priv.,  KTOf,  'equal,'  and  o-^tvoj,  'strength.'  An 
epithet  applied  particularly  to  the  muscular  con- 
tractility which,  in  the  sick,  is  sometimes  aug- 
mented in  certain  muscles  only, — in  the  flexors, 
for  example. 

ANISOT'ACHYS,  from  av,  priv.,  laoj,  '  equiil,' 


ANISUM 


67 


ANNULAR 


iind  ra^^vi,  'quick.'  An  epithet  for  the  pulse, 
when  quick  and  unequal. — Gorra-us. 

ANISUM,  I'itnpinella  anisum — a.  Africanum 
frutescens,  Bubon  Galbanum — a.  Fruticosum  gal- 
liiiniForum,  Bubon  Galbanum — a.  Officinale,  Pim- 
pinella  anisum — a.  Sinense,  lUicium  anisatuin  — 
a.  Stellatura,  Illicium  anisatum — a.  Vulgare,  Pim- 
Ijlnella  anisum. 

ANKLE,  Astragalus,  Malleolus. 

ANKLEY,  Malleolus. 

ANKUS,  Ancus. 

ANKYLOBLEPII'AIlOiSr,  AncyhUepli'aron, 
Palpehra'rum  coal'itus,  from  ayKvXrit  'a  bridle,' 
and  li\c<f)apov,  'eyelid.'  A  preternatural  union 
between  the  free  edges  of  the  eyelids.  Likewise 
called  Sijmble2)h'aro»,  Synihlephuro' sis,  aadPron'- 
phiiHts. 

Also,  union  between  the  eyelids  and  globe  of 
the  eye. — Aetius. 

ANKYLOCIIEI'LIA,  Ancylochei'lia,  (F.)  An- 
l-ydochelie,  from  ayKvXog,  '  crooked,'  and  ;^tiAoj, 
'lip.'     Accidental  union  of  the  lips. 

vliV'A'Fi:OC//A'/:/£',  Ankylocheilia. 

ANKYLOCOLPUS,  Colpatresia. 

ANKYLOCORE,  Coreclisis. 

ANKYLODON'TIA,  from  ayKvUi,  'crooked,' 
and  o&ovi,  oSovTos,  'a  tooth.'  An  irregular  posi- 
tion of  the  teeth  in  the  jaws. 

ANKYLOGLOS'SIA,  Ancijloglox'sin,  Concre'- 
tio  linrjHce,  from  ayKv\ri,  '  a  bridle,' and  y\oi<jaa, 
'  the  tongue.'  Impeded  motion  of  the  tongue  in 
consequence  of  adhesion  between  its  margins  and 
the  gums  ;  or  in  consequence  of  the  shortness 
of  the  frasnum  :  the  later  affection  constituting 
ToDf/ue-tie,  Olopho'nia  Un'guce  frann'ta.  It 
merely  requires  the  frsenum  to  be  divided  with  a 
pair  of  scissors. 

ANKYLOGLOSSOT'OMUM,  from  ankylogloa- 
Ki'a,  '  tongue-tie,'  and  ro/xt},  '  incision.'  An  instru- 
ment used  in  the  operation  for  tongue-tie. 

ANKYLOME'LE,  Ancylome'le,  from  ayituXof, 
'  crooked,'  and  /x^/Ai?,  '  a  probe.'  A  curved  probe. 
— Giilen. 

ANKYLOMERIS'MUS,  Ancylomeris'mua,  from 
ayKv\ri,  'a  bridle,'  and  i^cpos,  'a  part.'  Morbid 
adhesion  between  parts. 

ANKYLOPS,  iEgilops. 

ANKYLORRHIN'IA,  Ancylorrhin'ia,  from 
ayKvXri,  'a  bridle,'  and  piv,  'the  nose.'  Morbid 
union  of  the  parietes  of  the  nose. 

ANKYLOSED,  see  Ankylosis. 

ANKYLO'SIS,  Ancylu'ils,  Anchylo'sis,  An'- 
cyle,  Stiff  Joint,  from  ay/fuXof,  'crooked.'  An 
nffection,  in  which  there  is  great  difficulty  or  even 
iriipossibility  of  moving  a  diarthrodial  articula- 
tion. It  is  so  called,  because  the  limb  commonly 
remains  in  a  constant  state  of  flexion,  and  a  joint 
thus  affected  is  said  to  be  ankylo'scd.  Anchylo- 
sis is  said  to  be  complete  or  true,  when  there  is  an 
intimate  adhesion  between  the  synovial  surfaces, 
with  union  of  the  articular  extremities  of  the 
bones.  In  the  incomplete  or  false  anchylosis, 
tliere  is  obscure  motion,  but  the  fibrous  pnrts 
around  the  joint  are  more  or  less  stiff  and  thick- 
ened. In  the  treatment  of  this  last  state,  the 
jiint  must  be  gently  and  gradually  exercised; 
iind  oily,  relaxing  applications  be  assiduously  em- 
ployed. 

Ankylosis  Spuria,  Rigiditas  articulorura. 

ANKYLO'TIA,  Ancylo'tia,  from  ayKvXr/,  'a 
bridle,'  and  ovi,  wros,  '  the  ear.'  Morbid  union 
of  the  parietes  of  the  ear. 

ANKYLOT'OMUS,.'l»ci/^o<'o»i!(«,  from  ayKv\oi, 
'crooked,'  and  rcnictv,  'to  cut.'  Any  kind  of 
curved  knife. — Paulus.  An  instrument  for  di- 
viding the  fra;num  linguae. — Scultetus. 

ANyEAl\  Ring — 1.  Crural,  Crural  canal — a. 
Diaphragmatiqne,  Diaphragmatic  ring— a.  Femo- 


ml,  Crural  canal— «.  Lu/uinal,  Inguinal  ring— a, 
Oiiihilical,  Umbilical  ring. 

ANNEXE.  Accessory,  Appendix. 

ANNI  CRITICI,  Climacterici  (anni)— a.  De- 
cretorii,  Climacterici  (anni) — a.  Fatales,  Climac- 
terici (anni) — a.  Genethliaci,  Climacterici  (anni) 
— a.  Gradarii,  Climacterici  (anni) — a.  Hebdoma- 
dici,  Climacterici  (anni) — a.  lleroici,  Climacterici 
(anni) — a.  Natalitii,  Climacterici  (anni) — a.  Sca- 
lares,  Climacterici  (anni) — a.  Scansiles,  Climacte- 
rici (anni). 

ANNOTA'TIO,  Episma'sia.  Under  this  term 
some  have  included  the  preludes  to  an  attack  of 
intermittent  fever — as  yawning,  stretching,  som- 
nolency, chilliness,  &c. 

ANNOTTO,  see  Terra  Orleans. 

AN'NUAL  DISEASES,  Jforbi  an'nni,  M.  an- 
niversa'rii,  (F.)  Maladies  antntelles.  A  name 
given,  by  some,  to  diseases  which  recur  every 
year  about  the  same  period.  Fcbris  amuta,  (F.) 
Fievre  anuuelle,  is  a  term  used  for  a  fancied  in- 
termittent of  this  type. 

ANNUENS.  Rectus  capitis  internus  minor. 

ANNUIT"IO,  Nodding,  from  ad,  'to,'  and 
iiHtua,  'a  nod.'  A  gesture,  denoting  assent  in 
most  countries.  Also,  the  state  of  somnolency, 
when  the  individual  is  in  the  erect  or  sitting 
posture,  with  the  head  unsupported,  in  which 
the  power  of  volition  over  the  extensor  muscles 
of  the  head  is  lost,  and  the  head  drops  forward. 

AN'NULAR,  Annvla'ria,  Annla'ris,  Crico'i'des, 
(F.)  Aitnidaire,  {annua,  'a  circle.')  Any  thing 
relating  to  a  ring,  or  which  has  the  shape  or  ful- 
fils the  functions  of  a  ring;  from  annnlus,  'a 
ring.' 

Annular  Fincrr,  Iling  Finger,  Jiing  man, 
Dig"itns  annula'ria,  Param'eaos,  The  fourth 
finger,  so  called  from  the  wedding  ring  being 
worn  thereon.  See  Digitus.  Of  old,  it  was  be- 
lieved, that  there  is  a  medium  of  direct  commu- 
nication between  the  ring  finger  and  the  heart. 

Annular  Ganglion,  see  Ciliary  ligament. 

Annular  Lig'amrnt,  Transrerae  ligament, 
Cru'cial  ligament.  A  strong  ligamentous  band, 
which  arches  across  the  area  of  the  ring  of  the 
atlas,  from  a  rough  tubercle  upon  the  inner  sur- 
face of  one  articular  process,  to  a  similar  tubercle 
on  the  other.  It  serves  to  retain  the  odontoid 
process  of  the  axis  in  connexion  with  the  ante- 
rior arch  of  the  atlas. 

An'nular  Lig'ament  of  the  Ra'dius,  is  a  very 
strong  fibro-'cartilaginous  band,  which  forms,  with 
the  lesser  sigmoid  cavity  of  the  cubitus,  a  kind 
of  ring,  in  which  the  head  of  the  radius  turns 
with  facility. 

An'nular  Lig'aments  op  the  Carpus,  Ar- 
mil'lcB  manua  membrano'acE,  are  two  in  number. 

The  one,  anterior,  is  a  broad,  fibrous,  quadri- 
lateral band,  extending  transversely  before  the 
carpus,  and  forming  the  gutter,  made  by  the 
wrist,  into  a  canal.  It  is  attached,  externally, 
to  the  trapezium  and  scapho'ides ;  and  internally 
to  the  OS  pisiforme  and  process  of  the  uncif'orme. 
It  keeps  the  tendons  of  the  flexor  muscles,  me- 
dian nerve,  &(s.,  applied  .against  the  carpus. 

The  posterior  ligament  is  situate  transversely 
behind  the  joint  of  the  hand,  and  covers  the 
sheaths  of  the  tendons,  which  pass  to  the  back 
of  the  hand.  Its  fibres  are  white  and  shining, 
and  are  attached,  externally,  to  the  inferior  and 
outer  part  of  the  radius;  internally  to  the  ulna 
and  OS  pisiforme. 

An'nular  Lig'aments  of  the  Tarsus  are  two 
in  number.  The  anterior  is  quadrilateral,  and 
extends  transversely  above  the  instep.  It  is  at- 
tached to  the  superior  depression  of  the  os  calcis, 
and  to  the  malleolus  internus.  It  embraces  the 
tendons  of  the  extensor  muscles  of  the  toes,  the 
[  tibialis  anticna,  and  j^eroneus  antictis.     The  inter- 


ANNULARIS 


68 


ANOSMIA 


md  is  broader  than  the  last.  It  descends  from 
the  malleolus  iuternus  to  the  posterior  and  inner 
part  of  the  os  caleis,  with  which  it  forms  a  kind 
of  canal,  enclosing  the  sheaths  of  the  tendons  of 
the  tibialis  posticHHjJlexor  lonytis  dlgltorum  pedis, 
and  /'.  lotKjns  2}ollici8  pedis,  as  well  as  the  plantar 
vessels  and  nerves. 

Akxular  Vein,  Vena  annida'ris,  is  situate 
between  the  annular  finger  and  the  little  finger. 
Aetius  recommends  it  to  be  opened  in  diseases 
of  the  spleen. 

ANNULARIS,  Cricoid:  see  Digitus  — a.  Ani, 
Sphincter  ani. 

annul:  CARTILAGINEI,  see  Trachea— a. 
Cartilaginosi  Trachea),  see  Trachea. 

AN'NULI  FIBRO-CARTILAGIN'EI,  "F{- 
li-u-c(iitil(i(jliiou8  or  festooned  rings."  Tough 
tendinous  tracts  in  the  heart,  two  of  which,  an- 
terior, are  situate  on  the  right  and  left  of  the 
aortal  opening;  and  one  posterior,  which  runs 
backwards  from  the  aorta  to  the  border  of  the 
auriculo-ventricular  septum,  where  it  splits  into 
two  slender  crura. 

A  NN UL I-  TEND INO-PHALANGIENS, 
Lumbricales  manus. 

ANNULUS,  Dactvlius,  Vulva — a.  Abdominis, 
Inguinal  ring — a.  Afbidus,  see  Ciliary  (ligament) 
—  a.  Cellulosus,  Ciliary  ligament  —  a.  Ciliaris, 
Ciliary  ligament  —  a.  Fossas  ovalis :  see  Ovalis 
fossa — a.  Gangliformis,  see  Ciliary  (ligament)  — 
a.  Repens,  Herpes  circinatus  —  a.  Umbilicalis, 
Umbilical  ring — a.  Ventriculi,  Pylorus — a.  Vieus- 
senii,  see  Ovalis  fossa. 

ANO,  ai'w.     A  prefix  denoting  'above,  up.' 
ANU-VAVERNJiUX,  Accelerator  urina;. 
ANUCHI'LUS,  from  avu,  'above,'  and  x^'^ofi 
'lip.'     The  upper  lip.     Also,  one  who  has  a  large 
upper  lip. 

ANOCCELIA,  Stomach. 
AN0C(ELIADELP11US,  Coeliadelphus. 
ANO'DIA,   from    av,    priv.,   and   ui&t),    'song.' 
An  unconnected  or  dissonant  mode  of  speech. 

ANOD'IC,  Anod'ieits,   from   avu>,  'above,  up,' 
and 'o^o?,  'away.'     Tending  upwards.     An  epi- 
thet applied  by  Dr.  Marshall  Hall  to  an  ascend- 
ing course  of  nervous  action. 
AXOl)!N,  Anodyne. 

ANODIN'IA,  from  a,  av,  privative,  and  uSiv, 
'a  labour  pain.'     Absence  of  labour  pains. 
ANODMIA,  Anosmia. 
ANO  1)  US,  Edentulus. 

AN'ODYNE,  Aniid't/nus,  Antod'ynns,  Antld'- 
ynous  (improperly),  Pcinyor'lcus,  Anct'lcus,  Ant- 
(il'(jlciiy,  Acesod'ynes,  (F.)  Anodln  ou  Anodyn, 
from  av,  privative,  and  vivvrj,  'pain.'  Anodynes 
are  those  medicines  which  relieve  pain,  or  cause 
it  to  cease  ;  as  opium,  belladonna,  Ac.  They  act 
by  blunting  the  sensibilitj'  of  the  encephalon,  so 
that  it  does  not  appreciate  the  morbid  sensation. 
ANODYN'IA,  Jndolcn'tia.  Cessation  or  ab- 
sence of  pain.  Vogcl  has  given  this  name  to  a 
genvis  of  diseases,  characterized  by  a  cessation 
of  pain,  and  the  exasperation  of  other  symptoms  ; 
as  we  see  in  gangrene. 

ANODYNUM  MINERALE,  Potassae  nitras 
sulphatis  paucillo  mixtus. 

ANQi'A,  Anoi'a,  from  a,  privative,  and  voof, 
'mind.'  Delirium,  imbecility.  See  Dementia 
and  Idiotisiu. 

AXOESIA,  Dementia  —  a.  Abstricta,  Melan- 
choly. 

ANOIA.  Anoea. 
AXO^fAL.  Anomalous. 
ANOMALES',  Anomalous. 
ANOMA'LLV,  from  av,  privative,  and  o/jayio;, 
'regular.'      Abnor' mitas,    Aliena'tio.      Anomaly, 
abnormity,  irregularity.     In  Pathology,  anomaly 
means  something  unusual  in  the  symptoms  pro- 


per to  a  disease,  or  in  the  morbid  appearances 
presented  by  it.  ■,-■  ■•      • 

Anomalia  Nervorum,  Nervous  diathesis. 
ANOMALIE  PAR  CLOISONNEMENT,  see 
Cloisonneracnt. 

ANOMALOTROPHIES,  from  av,  privative, 
ofxaXoi,  'regular,'  and  rpo^n,  'nourishment.'  A 
class  of  diseases,  which  consist  in  modifications 
in  the  nutrition  of  organs. — Gendrin. 

ANOM'ALOUS,  Anom'alus,  Anom'alis ;  the 
same  etymon.  Irregular;  contrary  to  rule.  (F.) 
Annmal.  In  Medicine,  a  disease  is  called  ano- 
malous, in  whose  symptoms  or  progress  there  is 
something  unusual.  Affections  are  also  called 
anomalous,  which  cannot  be  referred  to  any 
known  species. 

ANOMALOUS,  Irregular. 
ANOMMATUS,  Anophthalmus. 
ANOMOCEPH'ALUS,    from    a,    priv.,    vo//of, 
'rule,'  and  KC(paXri,  'head.'     One  whose  head  is 
deformed. — Geofi'roi  Saint-Hilaire. 

ANOMOSPLENO  TOP  IE,  Splenectopia. 
ANOMOTOPIE,  Ectopia. 
ANOM'PHALUS,  from  av,  priv.,  and  on<pa\oi, 
'the  navel.'  One  devoid  of  navel.  Many  writers 
have  endeavoured  to  show  that  Adam  and  Eve 
must  have  been  avojicpaXoi,  as  they  could  not  have 
had  umbilical  vessels. 

ANONA  TRILOBA,  see  Carica  papaya. 
ANO'NA  TRIPET'ALA.  A  tree  of  the  family 
Anoneaj  or  Anonacea> ;  Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria 
Polygynia,  from  fifteen  to  twenty  feet  high,  na- 
tive of  South  America,  which  bears  a  delicious 
fruit  called  Chin'moya.  Both  the  fruit  and  flowers 
emit  a  fine  fragrance,  which,  when  the  tree  is 
covered  with  blossom,  is  almost  overpowering. — 
Tschudi. 

ANONTS,  Ononis. 

ANONY'CII'IA,  from  av,  privative,  and  ovti|, 
owxoi,  'a  nail.'  Want  of  nails,  —  a  rare  con- 
genital defect. 

ANONYME,  Innominatum. 
ANON'YMOUS,  Anon'ymus,  Tnnomina'lns,  (F.) 
Anonyme,  from  av,  privative,  and  ovo^ia,  'name.' 
That  which  has  no  name. 

The  word  has  been  applied  to  many  parts  of 
the  body:  —  to  the  Anonymous  bone  or  Os  inna- 
minatum: — the  Anonymous  foramen  or  Foramen 
innominnfum,  &c. 

ANOPHRESIA.  Anosmia. 
ANOPHTllAL'MUS,    Anom'matus,    from    av, 
privative,   and  ocpda'Xfios,    'an  eye.'     One  who  is 
devoid  of  eyes. 

ANOPS'IA,  from  av,  priv.,  and  cutf,  'the  eye.' 
A  case  of  monstrosity  in  which  the  eye  and  orbit 
are  wiinting. 

ANOPTICONERVIE,  Amaurosis. 
ANOR'CniDES,  from  av,  priv.,  and  opx'«,  'a 
testicle.'     They  who  are  without  testicles. — For- 
tunatus  Fidelis. 

ANOREX'IA,  from  av,  priv.,  and  opc^n,  'ap- 
petite.' Inappeten'tia,  Limo'sis  exjters,  (F.)  Perle. 
d'appetit.  Absence  of  appetite,  without  loathing. 
Anorexia  or  want  of  appetite  is  symptomatic  ol' 
most  diseases.     Also,  Indigestion,  Dyspepsia. 

Anorexia  Exhausto'uum,  Frigidity  of  the 
stomach — a.  Mirabilis,  Fasting. 

ANORGANIC,  see  Anhistous,  and  Inorganic. 
ANORMAL,  Abnormous. 

ANORTHOP'IA,from  a,  priv.,op^oj,  'straight,' 
and  oi//if,  'vision.'  Vision  in  which  persons  are 
unable  to  judge  when  objects  are  not  parallel  or 
not  symmetrical. 

ANOS'IA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  votroy,  'disease.' 
Health.     Freedom  from  disease. 

ANOS'MIA,  from  av,  privative,  and  oafin, 
'odour.'  Loss  of  smell.  Diminution  of  the  sense 
of  smell.  Called,  also,  Anoxjjhre'sia,  Anosphra'- 
sia,  Anophrc'sia,  Paros'min,  Anod'mia,  Anosmo'' 


AN  OS  MOST  A 


C9 


ANTIIELMIXTIC 


ii'n,  OI/dcl&H  aniiv'sio  8eu  dcjic"ier8,  DynaHthe'nia  \ 
olptnto' lin,  AiicBHthe'sin  olfncto'ria,  Odura'tus  de- 
per'dttHH.  (F.)  Perte  de  VOdorut. 
ANOSMOHIA,  Anosmia. 
ANOSPIIRASIA,  Anosmia. 
ANOSPIIRESIA,  Anosmia. 
ANO'TUS,  from   av,  privative,  and  ovi,  u)tos, 
'the  ear.'     A  monster  having  no  ears. 
ANOXEMTE,  Asphyxia. 
ANSA  INTESTINALIS,  Ame  (Jnteetinule). 
ANSE  (F.),  Ama  (L.),  signifies,  properly,  the 
handle  of  certain  vessels,  usually  of  an   arched 
form.     By  analogy,  it  has  been  applied  to  that 
which   is   curved   in   the    form    of  such    handle. 
Thus,  the  French  speak  of  Anne  intentinnle — Ansa 
seu  Gyrus  intcfilina'lis  —  to  signify  a  portion  of 
intestine,   supported   by  its   mesentery,  and  de- 
scribing a  curved  line: — also,  of  Ause  nerveuae, 
Aiise  anaatumotiqne,  &c. 

Aiise  de  fil  is  used,  in  Surgery,  to  designate  a 
thread,  curved  in  the  form  of  an  Aiwe. 
ANSERINA,  Potentilla  anserina. 
ANSERINE,  Chenopodium  ambrosioides — a. 
Atithelmi'iitique,  Chenopodium  anthelminticum — 
II.  Bon  Henri,  Chenopodium  Bonus  Ilenricus — a. 
Jiotri/s,  Chenopodium  Botrys — a.  Fetide,  Cheno- 
])odium  vulvaria  —  a.  Vermifuge,  Chenopodium 
anthelminticum. 

ANTACIDS,  Anti-acids,  Antiac"ida,  Inver- 
Irn'tia,  from  anti,  'against,'  and  aeidn,  'acids.' 
Remedies  which  obviate  acidity  in  the  stomach. 
They  are  chemical  ngents,  and  act  by  neutralizing 
the  acid.  Those  chiefly  used  are  ammonia,  calcis 
carbonas,  calx,  magnesia,  magnesiae  carbonas, 
potassa,  potassaj  bicarbonas,  p.  carbonas,  soda? 
biearbonas,  and  s.  carbonas.  They  are,  of  course, 
only  palliatives,  removing  that  which  exists,  not 
preventing  the  formation  of  more. 

ANTAG'ONISM,  Antitgonix'wus,  Antis'tams, 
from  avTi,  'against,'  and  aywu^o/zai,  'to  strive.' 
Action  in  an  opposite  direction.  It  applies  to  the 
action  of  muscles  that  act  in  a  contrary  direction 
to  others.  In  estimating  the  force  of  muscles, 
this  antagonism  must  be  attended  to. 

ANTAG'ONIST,  Antnrjouis'ta.  A  muscle 
whose  action  produces  an  effect  contrary  to  that 
of  another  muscle.  Every  muscle  has  its  anta- 
gonist, because  there  is  no  motion  in  one  direc- 
tion without  a  capability  of  it  in  another. 
ANTALGICUS.  Anodyne. 

ANTAPHIIODIS'IAC,  AntapJirodit'ie,  Anta- 
pJirodiniacus,  A naphrodisiiicun,  Annphrodin'iac, 
Anterol'icus,  from  avri,  '  agaiii.*t,' and  aippo&iaiaKoi, 
'aphrodisiac'  A  substance  capable  of  blunting 
the  venereal  appetite. 

ANTAPHRODITIC,  Antaphrodisiac. 
ANTAPOD'OSIS,  from  avrairo(5i^a)^((,  'I  return 
in  exchange.'     The  succession  and  return  of  the 
febrile  periods. — Hippocrates. 

ANTAPOPLECTICUS,  Antiapoplectic. 
ANTARTIIRITIC.  Antiarthritic. 
ANTASTMENICUS,  Tonic. 
ANTASTIIMATICUS,  Antiasthmatic. 
ANTATROPH'IC,     Antntroph'icus,    AnMt'ro- 
phui.  Aniiatropk'icus,  from  avri,  'against,'  and 
arpotpia,  'atrophy.'     A  remedy  opposed  to  atro- 
phy or  consumption. 
ANTEBRACHIAL,  see  Antibrachial. 
ANTECEDEN'TIA.      The  precursory  or 
warning  symptoms  of  a  disease. 
ANTEFIiEXIO  UTERI,  see  Anteversion. 
ANTELA'BIA,  I'rochei'la,  from  ante,  'before,' 
and  labia,  'the  lips.'     The  extremity  of  the  lips. 
ANTELOPE.  Antilopus. 
ANTE.MBALLOJIENUM,  Succedaneum. 
ANTEM'BASIS,   from   avri,   and   t/i/J-niu,   'I 
enter.'     Jfu'tuus  ini;res'sus.     The  mutual  recep- 
tion of  bones.— Galen. 


AXTEMETIC,  Antiemetic. 
ANTENDEIXIS,  Counter-indication. 
ANTKNDIXIS,  Counter-indication. 
ANTENEAS'MUS,  from   avri,    'against,'  and 
vcav,  'audacious;'  or  rather,  perh.nps,  from  avn, 
and    Ttivb),   'I   extend   or  stretch.'     One  furious 
against   himself.     Mania,  in   which   the   patient 
attempts  his  own  life. — Zacchias. 

ANTENNA'RIA  DIOI'CA,  Gnapha'lium  Di- 
oi'cum,  Hlnpid'nla,  Pes  cati,  Eli'chrysuin  monta'- 
num.  Dice' lions  Ererlast'ing,  Catsfoot,  (F.)  Pied 
de  chat.  Order,  Compositas.  A  common  Euro- 
pean plant,  which  has  been  advised  in  hemor- 
rhage, diarrhoea,  <tc. 

Antexnaria  Margaritacea,  Gnaphalium 
margaritaceum. 

Antbnnauia  Plantaginifo'lia,  Gnnj)hn'lium 
plinitiif/iiii/o' Hum  seu  plantagin'eum  seu  dioi'cum 
variety  planta/jinifolium.  Plantain  Life-everlast- 
ing. CiidircJd,  indifjenous,  has  similar  properties. 

AXTKPIIIALTIC,  Antiophialtic. 

ANTEPILKPTIC,  Antiepileptic. 

ANTEPONENS,  Anticipating. 

ANTEREI'SIS,  from  avn,  'against,'  and  tptt- 
i(o,  'I  support.'  The  resistance — the  solidity — 
of  bones. — Hippocrates. 

ANTERIEUlt  DU  MARTEAU,  Laxator 
tympani — a.  de  I'Oreille,  Anterior  auris. 

ANTE'RIOR,  Anti'eus,  from  ante,  'before.' 
Situate  before.  Great  confusion  has  prevailed 
with  anatomists  in  the  use  of  the  terms  before, 
behind,  etc.  Generallj',  the  word  anterior  is  ap- 
plied to  parts  situate  before  the  median  line,  the 
body  being  in  the  erect  posture,  with  the  face 
and  palms  of  the  hands  turned  forwards,  and 
the  feet  applied  longitudinally  together. 

Antk'iuor  Au'his  {Muscle),  Anriculn'ris  ante'- 
rior,At'trahens  auric' ulam,  (¥ .)  Auriculiiire  anti- 
rieur,  Anterienr  de  I'oreillc,  Zygomato-oriculaire. 
A  small  muscle,  passing  from  the  posterior  part 
of  the  zygoma  to  the  helix.  Use,  to  draw  the  ear 
forwards  and  upwards. 

Anteuioh  Mallei,  Laxator  tympani. 

ANTEROTICaS,  Autaidirodisiac. 

ANTEUPHORBIUM,  Cacaiia  anteuphorbium. 

ANTEVER'SION,  Antever'sio,  Antrover'sio, 
from  ante,  'before,'  and  vertere,  versum,  'to  turn.' 
Displacement  of  the  uterus,  in  which  the  fundus 
is  turned  towards  the  pubes,  whilst  its  orifice  is 
towards  the  sacrum.  It  may  be  caused  by  extra- 
ordinary size  of  the  pelvis,  pressure  of  the  viscera 
on  the  uterus,  etc.;  and  is  recognised  by  exami- 
nation per  vaginam.  A  simple  forward  inclina- 
tion of  the  body  of  the  uterus,  without  the  os 
uteri  being  carried  much  backwards,  is  termed 
Anteflex'iou  of  the  u' terns,  Antefex'io  u'teri.  Not 
unfrequently,  however,  it  is  used  synonymously 
with  Retroversion  of  the  Uterus.  See  Retro- 
versio  uteri. 

A  N  T  H  iE  M  0  P  T  Y'i  C  U  S,  AntihoBmoptficns, 
from  avri,  'against,'  and  hcemoptysis,  'spitting 
of  blood.'  Against  spitting  of  blood.  A  remedy 
for  spitting  of  blood — antihamoptyicum  [reme- 
diiini). 

ANTIIJEMORRHAGICUS,  Antihemorrhagic. 

ANTIIECTICUS,  Antihectic. 

A  N  T  H  E  L  I T '  11 A  G  U  S,  ( F. )  Anthilitragien. 
One  of  the  proper  muscles  of  the  pavilion  of 
the  ear. 

ANT'HELIX,  Anti-heli.v,  from  avn,  'before,' 
and  'tXil,  'the  helix.'  An  eminence  on  the  car- 
tilage of  the  ear,  in  front  of  the  helix,  and  ex- 
tending from  the  concha  to  the  groove  of  the 
helix,  where  it  bifurcates. 

A  N  T  H  E  L  M  I  N'T  I  C,  Antihelmiu'ticus,  Anti- 
acol'icns,  Anthelinin'thicus,  Antiscolet'icus,  Hel- 
min'thicus,  Ilelminthago'gus,  Antivermiito'svs, 
Vermif'ugus,  Ver'tnifuge,  from  avn,  'against,' 
and   '{Ay/ivj,    'a   worm.'    A   remedy   which    de- 


ANTIIEMA  ERUPTIO 


70 


A  N  T II E  A  X 


stroys  or  expels  worms,  or  prevents  their  for- 
mation and  development.  The  chief  anthel- 
minties  are,  Chenopodium,  Mucuna,  Oleum  ani- 
raale  Dippclii,  Oleum  Terebinthinae,  Sodii  Chlo- 
riduin.  Spij^elia,  and  Pulvis  Stanni.    See  Worms. 

ANTHKMA  ERUPTIO,  Exanthem. 

AN'TIIEMLS  COT'ULA,  from  avBco,, 'l&ower.' 
A./ve'tida  scu  Xui^eboracen'sis,  Cot'ula,  O.fce'tida, 
Cota,  Ci/nan'themis,  ChamcBme'lum  fve'tidum  seu 
Chamomil'Ui  spn'ria  sen  fce'tida,  jtfciru'ta  Cot'ula, 
Mayjloicer,  Ifayweed,  Stinking  Chamomile,  Wild 
Cham'omile,  Dog's  fennel,  Billy,  Dilweed,  Field- 
weed,  Pissweed.  Ord.  Compositas  Corymbiferae. 
Sex.  Syxt.  Syngenesia  Superflua.  (F.)  JlarotUe, 
Camoniille  fctide,  Camomille  puante. 

This  plant  Cot'ula,  (Ph.  U.  S.),  has  a  very  dis- 
agreeable smell,  and  the  leaves  have  a  strong, 
acrid,  bitterish  taste.  It  is  reputed  to  have  been 
useful  in  hysterical  affections. 

Anthemis  FfETiDA,  A.  cotula. 

A.n'toemis  No'bilis,  An'themis,  A.  odora'tn, 
Chammme'him,  Ch.  No'hile  seu  odora'tum,  Cha- 
momil'la  Jionia'nn,  Eiian'themon,  Leucan' tliemum, 
(F.)  Camomille  Rninaine.  The  leaves  and  flowers. 
— Anthemis,  Ph.  U.  S. — have  a  strong  smell,  and 
bitter,  nauseous  taste.  The  flowers  arc  chiefly 
used.  They  possess  tonic  and  stomachic  proper- 
ties, and  are  much  given  as  a  pleasant  and  cheap 
bitter.  A  simple  infusion  is  taken  to  produce,  or 
to  assist  vomiting.  Externally,  they  are  often 
used  in  fomentations. 

The  O'leum  Anthem'idis  possesses  the  aromatic 
properties  of  the  plant,  but  not  the  bitter  and 
tonic.  Consequently,  the  'Chamomile  Drops,'  as 
sold  by  the  druggists,  must  be  devoid  of  the  lat- 
ter quallHes.  They  are  made  by  adding  01. 
anthem.  f5J.  to  Sp.  vini  rectif.  Oj. 

Anthemis  Noveboracencis,  A.  cotula  —  a. 
Odorata,  A.  cotula. 

A.n'themis  Pv'rethrum,  Py'rethrum,  P.  vertim, 
Anacyc'ltie  pyi-ethrum,  Bnphthal'mvm,  Cre'ticum, 
Denta'n'a,  Uerba  saliva'ris.  Pes  Alexandri' nus, 
Spanish  Chamomile,  Pellitory  of  Spain,  (F.)  Py- 
rethre,  Rueine  saliraire,  Salivaire,  Pied  d' Alex- 
andre. The  root,  Pyrelhrum  (Ph.  U.  S.),  is  hot 
and  acrid,  its  acrimony  residing  in  a  resinous 
principle.  It  is  never  used  except  as  a  mastica- 
tory in  toothache,  rheumatism  of  the  face,  pa- 
ralysis of  the  tongue,  etc.  It  acts  as  a  powerful 
sialogogue. 

The  Pellitory  of  the  shops  in  Germany  is  said 
to  be  derived  from  Anacyc'lus  offivina'rum;  a 
plant  cultivated  in  Thuringia  for  medicinal  pur- 
poses. 

An'themis  Tincto'ria,  Buphthal'mi  Herha, 
Dyer's  Chamomile,  a  European  plant,  has  a  bitter 
and  astringent  taste,  and  has  been  regarded  as 
stomachic  and  vulnerary.  (F.)  Camomille  des 
Teinturicrs,  Q-Hl  de  Bosnf. 

Anthemis  Vulgaris,  Matricaria  Chamomilla. 

ANTHE'RA,  from  avQr,poi,  so  called  from  its 
'florid'  colour.  A  remedy  compounded  of  several 
substances — myrrh,  sandarae,  alum,  saffron,  etc. 
It  was  used  under  the  form  of  liniment,  eolly- 
rium,  electuary,  and  powder.— Celsus,  Galen. 

ANTIIE.REON,  Mentum. 

ANTIIORA,  Aconitum  anthora  —  a.  Vulgaris, 
Aconitum  anthora. 

ANTHORIS'MA,  from  avn,  'against,'  and 
o/)t<7/(a,  'boundary.'  Tumor  diffu'sus.  A  tumour 
without  any  defined  margin. 

ANTIIOS,  see  Rosmarinus — a.  Sylvestris,  Le- 
dum sylvestre. 

ANTHRA'CIA,  from  av^pa^,  avOpaKog,  'coal.' 
Carbun'cular  Exan'them.  An  eruption  of  tumors, 
imperfectly  suppurating,  with  indurated  edges, 
and,  for  the  most  part,  a  sordid  and  sanious  core. 
A  genus  in  the  order  Exanthematica,  class  Hmma- 
lifu  of  Good,  and  including  Plague  and  Yaws. 


Anthuacia,  Anthracosis— a.  Pcstis,  Plague— 
a.  Rubula,  Framboesia. 

ANTIIRACION,  see  Anthrax. 

AN'THRACOID,  Anthraco'dcs,  from  nv5pa(. 
avOpoKos,  'coal,'  and  etSoi,  'resemblance.'  (F.) 
Charhonneux.  As  black  as  coal.  Accompanied 
by  or  resembling  anthrax. 

ANTHRACOMA,  Anthrax. 

ANTHRACONECROSIS,  see  Sphacelus. 

ANTHRACOPHLYCTIS,  see  Anthrax. 

ANTHRACOSIA,  Anthrax. 

ANTHRACO'SIS,  Anthra'cia,  Carlo  Palpe- 
bra' rum,  from  avSpa^,  avQpaKoi,  'a  Coal.'  A  spe- 
cies of  carbuncle,  which  attacks  the  eyelids  and 
globe  of  the  eye. — Paulus  of  iEgiua.  Also,  a 
carbuncle  of  any  kind.  It  has  been  used  for  the 
"black  lung  of  coal  miners,"  which  is  induceil 
by  carbonaceous  accumulation  in  the  lungs; 
Psendo-melunot'ic formation,  (Cars well.)  llJntiire 
noire  des  Poumo)is,  Charbon  pnlmonaire.  When 
ulceration  results  from  this  cause,  black  phthisis, 
(F.)  Phthisic  avec  3Ielanose,  exists.  See  Mela- 
nosis. 

Anthracosis  Pcji.monum,  see  Melanosis. 

ANTHRACOTYPHUS,  Plague. 

ANTHRAKOK'ALI,  Lithanthrahok'ali,  from 
avOpa^,  avQpaKoi,  'coal,'  and  Icali,  'potassa.'  An 
article  introduced  as  a  remedy  in  cutaneous  dis- 
eases. It  is  formed  by  dissolving  carbonate  of 
potassa  in  10  or  12  parts  of  boiling  water,  and 
adding  as  much  slacked  lime  as  will  separate  tlie 
potassa.  The  filtered  liquor  is  placed  on  the  fire 
in  an  iron  vessel,  and  suffered  to  evaporate,  until 
neither  froth  nor  effervescence  occurs,  and  the 
liquid  presents  a  smooth  surface  like  oil.  To 
this,  levigated  coal  is  added  in  the  proportion  of 
160  grammes  to  192  grammes  of  potassa.  The 
mixture  is  stirred,  and  removed  from  the  fire, 
and  the  stirring  is  continued,  until  a  black  homo- 
geneous powder  results.  A  sulphuretted  anthra- 
Icokali  is  made  by  mixing  accurately  16  grammes 
of  sulphur  with  the  coal,  and  dissolving  the  mix- 
ture in  the  potassa,  as  directed  above.  The  dose 
of  the  simple  and  sulphuretted  preparations  is 
about  two  grains  three  times  a  day. 

ANTHRAX,  avBpai,  'a  coal,'  Antrax,  Carlo, 
liuli'nus  verus,  Codesel'la,  Erythe'ma  gangrano'- 
sum,  Grantris'tum,  Pruna,  Per'sicus  Ignis,  Pynt, 
Granatris'tum,  Phyma  Anthrax,  Erythema  an- 
thrax, Carbun'culus,  Aiithraco'sia,  Anthraco'ma, 
Absces'sus  gangrcenes'cevs  seu  gangrceno'sus,  Fu- 
run'cnlns  malig'nus,  F.  gang rcBno' sua.  Carbuncle, 
(F.)  Charbon.  An  inflammation,  essentially  gan- 
grenous, of  the  cellular  membrane  and  skin, 
which  may  arise  from  an  internal  or  external  cause. 
In  the  latter  ease  it  is  called  Anthra'cion,  Vesic'- 
nla  gangrcBues'cens,  Anthracophlyc'tis,  (F.)  Pus- 
tule maligne ;  Bonton  d'Alcp,  Feu  Persique  {Per- 
sianfre),  ilalvat,  Bonton  miilin.  Puce  maligne,  and 
is  characterized  at  the  outset  by  a  vesication  or 
bleb  filled  with  a  sero-sanguinolent  fluid,  under 
which  a  small  induration  is  formed,  surrounded 
by  an  areolar  inflammation,  which  becomes  gan- 
grenous. It  has  been  thought  by  some  to  be  in- 
duced altogether  by  contact  with  the  matter  of 
the  carbuncle  of  animals,  or  of  the  exuvise  of 
the  bodies  of  such  as  had  died  of  the  disease, 
but  it  is  now  known  to  arise  primarily  in  the 
human  subject.  This  form  of  carbuncle  has  re- 
ceived different  names,  many  of  them  from  the 
places  where  it  has  prevailed :— Crtrii(w'et//«'( 
contagio'sus  seu  Gal'licns  seu  Hunga'ricns  seu 
Polon'icus  seu  Scptentriona'lis,  Morbus  pustulo'sus 
Fin'nieuH,  Pus'tulu  gangrenosa  seu  Liv'ida  Eh- 
tho'uia,  Pemphigus  Hungar'icus,  Puce  de  Bour- 
gngiie. 

Anthrax  is  a  malignant  boil,  and  its  treatment 
13  similar  to  that  which  is  required  in  case  of 
gangrene  attacking  a  part. 


ANTIIRISCUS  CEREF(3LIUM 


ANTICOMMA 


Anthrax  Piji.monijm,  Necrnjineuinonia. 
AXTIIRISCUS  CEREFOLIUM,  Scandix  ce- 
ref'oliuin — a.  Iluinili^,   Chserophyllum    Sylvestre 
— a.  Procerus,  Chicrophylluin  Sylvestre. 
ANTllROFE,  Cutis. 

ANTIIKOPIAT'RICA  (MEDICIN A),  from 
ni  '1V-,  ,  'mail,'  and  (uT-poj,  'a  physician.'  Me- 
(lic'mn  applied  to  man,  in  contradistinction  to 
aniiiKils. 

ANTIIROPOCIIEMIA,  Chymistry  (human). 

ANTllROPOC'llVMY,  Chymistry  (human). 

ANTUROPOGEN'IA,    AiKhropoyeu'eaig,    An- 

tlnop'iij"ifiii/,  Geneaii'thro/)!/,  from  avSpwiroj,  'man,' 

;indy£i't<Tu,  'generation.'  The  knowledge,  or  study, 

or  |)henotnona  of  human  generation. 

A  N  T  II  R  0  P  0  G'RAPIIY,  Anthropngniph'ia, 
from  avOpu>noi,  'man,'  and  ypa(pn,  'a  description.' 
Anthrnpiilogy.  A  descriiitiou  of  the  human  body. 
AN'TIIROPOID,  AiiUiropa'i'dea,  from  avfipojiros, 
'man,'  and  tiiSoj,  'resemblance.'  Resembling  man  : 
— as  the  ape. 

ANTIIROPOL'ITHUS,  from  avepu>T:oi,  'man,' 
and  XiOoj,  'a  stone.'  The  petrifaction  of  the 
human  body  or  of  any  of  its  parts.  Morbid  con- 
cretions in  the  human  body. 

ANTIIROPOL'OGY,  Antliropolo(i"ia,  from 
av^pmnoi,  'man,'  and  Aoyos,  'a  discourse.'  A 
treatise  on  man.  By  some,  this  word  is  used  for 
the  science  of  the  structure  and  functions  of  the 
human  body.  Frequently,  it  is  employed  synony- 
mously with  Natural  History  and  Physioloijy  of 
J  J  (III. 

A  N  T  n  11 0  POMAGNETISMUS,  Magnetism, 
animal. 

ANTIIROPOMANCY,  AnthropomantV a,  from 
aySpwirof,  'a  man,'  and  /xavrtta,  'divination.'  Di- 
vination by  inspecting  the  entrails  of  a  dead  man. 

ANTIIROPOM'ETRY',  from  avSpijowog,  'a  man,' 
and  fiirpov,  'measure.'  Measurement  of  the  di- 
mensions of  the  different  parts  of  the  human  body. 

ANTIIROPOMORPHOLOGY,  Anatomy  (de- 
serii>tive). 

ANTIIROPOMORPHUS,  Atropa  mandragora. 

ANTHROPON'OMY,  Anthroponom'ia,  from 
av^p<j)TToi,  'man,'  and  vonog,  'law.'  A  knowledge 
of  tlie  special  laws  which  preside  over  the  func- 
tions of  the  human  body  in  action. 

ANTIIROPOPH'AGUS,  (F.)  Anthropophage, 
from  avSpuirof,  'a  man,'  and  (jtayui,  'I  eat.'  A 
name  irivon  to  one  who  eats  his  own  species. 

ANTIIROPOPH'AGY,  Anthropopha'gia,  same 
etymon.  The  custom  of  eating  human  flesh.  A 
disease  in  which  there  is  great  desire  to  eat  it. 

ANTllROPOS,  Homo. 

ANTIIROPOSCOPIA,  Physiognomy. 

ANTIIROPOTOMY,  Andranatomia. 

A^'TIIUS,  Flos. 

ANTilYPNOT'IC,  Anihypnot'icHS,  Antihyp- 
vot'ic,  Agrypnot'ic,  from  avri,  'against,'  and 
'vTvuiTiKoi,  'stupefying.'     A  remedy  for  stupor. 

ANTUYPOCHON'DRIAC,  Antliypodumdri'- 
acHS,  from  airi,  'against,'  and  'vnoxcvii'taKo;,  'hy- 
pochondriac'    A  remedy  for  hypochondriasis. 

ANTIIYSTER'IC,  Antihyater'ic,  Antiliyster'- 
icun;  from  avri,  'against,'  and  'varcoa,  'the  ute- 
rus.'    A  remedy  for  hysteria. 

ANTI.  avri,  as  a  prefix,  in  composition,  gene- 
rally means  'opposition.' 

ANTIADES,  Tonsils. 

ANTIADITIS,  Cynanche  tonsillaris. 

ANTIAUON'CUS,  from  avriaies,  'the  tonsils.' 
and  oyKoi,  'tumour.'  A  swelling  of  the  tonsils. 
Swediaur.     Auti'oger  has  a  similar  meaning. 

Antiadoscus  InI'-lammatouius,  Cynanche  ton- 
sillaris. „__     ,       .  ...  A    . 

ANTIAPOPLEC'TIC,  Aiitiapoplcc'ticus,  Anta- 

nnpUc'tirus,  Apoplec'ticiis,  from  avn,  'against,' 
and  aror:\r,ii'h  'apoplexy.'  A  remedy  for  apo- 
plexy. 


AXTIARTS  TOXICARIA,  see  Upas. 
ANTIARTHRIT'IC,     Antarthrit'ic,     Antiar. 
thrit'icHu,    Antipudag'ric,    from    avrt,    'against,' 
and  apSpiTii,   'the  gout,'    (F.)  Antigoutteux.     A 
remedy  for  gout. 

ANTIASTHEN'IC,  Antiasthcn'icus,  from  avTt, 
'against,'  and  aaOcvua,  'debility.'  A  remedy  for 
debility. 

ANTIASTHMAT'IC,    AntioHthmat'icm,    Ant- 
aathnmt'icHu,    from    avri,    'against,'    and    aadpa, 
'asthma.'     A  remedv  for  asthma. 
ANTIATROPHICUS,  Antatrophic. 
ANTIBALLOMEXUM,  Succedaneum. 
AXTIBDELLA,  Antlia  sanguisuga. 

ANTIBECHICUS,  Expectorant. 

A  N  T  I  B  R  A'C  H  I A  L,  Antibraehia'lis.  That 
which  concerns  the  fore-arm. — Bichat.  J.  Clo- 
quet  suggests  that  the  word  should  be  written  an- 
tebrachial, from  ante,  'before,'  and  brachiiiw, 
'the  arm' — as  antebrachial  region,  antebrachial 
aponeurosis,  Ac. 

Antebra'chial  Aponeuro'sis,  (F.)  Aponeo- 
rose  antebrachiale,  is  a  portion  of  the  aponeurotic 
sheath  which  envelops  the  whole  of  the  upper 
limb.  It  arises  from  the  brachial  aponeurosis, 
from  a  fibrous  expansion  of  the  tendon  of  the 
biceps  muscle,  from  the  epicondjde,  epitrochlea, 
and,  behind,  from  the  tendon  of  the  triceps  bra- 
chialis.  Within,  it  is  inserted  into  the  cubitus, 
etc.;  and,  below,  is  confounded  with  the  two  an- 
nular ligaments  of  the  carpus.  It  is  covered  by 
the  skin,  by  veins,  lymphatics,  and  by  filaments 
of  superficial  nerves  ;  it  covers  the  muscles  of  the 
fore-arm,  adheres  to  them,  and  sends  between 
them  several  fibrous  septa,  which  serve  them  for 
points  of  insertion. 

ANTIBRACHIUM,  Fore-arm. 

AXTIBRO'MIC,  Antibro' miens,  from  avri, 
'against,'  and  Ppw/to;,  '  foetor.'  A  Deo'dorizer. 
An  agent  that  destroys  offensive  odours  —  as 
chloride  of  zinc,  simple  sulphate  of  alumina,  &c. 

ANTICACIIEC'TIC,  Auticachec'ticns,  Anticu- 
cochym'ic,  from  ai/n,  'against,'  and  xa^c^ta,  'ca- 
chexy.'    A  remedy  against  cachexy. 

ANTICACOCHYMIC,  Anticachectic. 

ANTICAN'CEROUS,  Anticunccro'sns,  Anti- 
cancro'nus,  Anticarcinom'  utous,  Antisehir'rous, 
from  avTi,  'against,  and  KapKiviajia,  'cancer,'  car- 
cinoma.    Opposed  to  cancer. 

ANTICANCROSUS,  Anticancerous. 

ANTICARCIXOMATOUS,  Anticancerous. 

ANTICARDIUM,  Fossette  du  eaur,  Scrobicu- 
lus  cordis. 

ANTICATAR'RHAL,  Antieatarrha'lis,  Anti- 
catarrho'icus,  from  avTi,  'against,'  and  Karappoi, 
'  catarrh.'     A  remedy  for  catarrh. 

ANTICAUSOD'IC,  Anticausot'ic,  Anticau- 
sod'icus,  from  avri,  '  against,'  and  Kavaog,  '  a  burn- 
ing fever.'  A  remedy  for  causua  or  inflammatory 
fever. 

ANTICAUSOTIC,  Anticausodic. 

ANTICHEIR,  Pollex,  see  Digitus. 

ANTICHCERADICUS,  Antiscrofulous. 

ANTICHOL'ERIC,  Anticholer'icua,  from  avri, 
'against,'  and  cholera.  A  remedy  against  cho- 
lera. 

AXTICHOLERICA,  Sophora  heptapbylla. 

ANTICIPATING,  Antic"ij)ans,  Autepo'nens, 
Prolept'icus,  (F.)  Anticipant.  An  epithet  for  a 
periodical  phenomenon,  recurring  at  progress- 
ively shorter  intervals.  An  anticipating  inter- 
mittent is  one  in  which  the  intervals  between  the 
paroxvsms  become  progressively  less. 

ANTICNEMIUM,  Shin. 

AXTICCEUR,  Scrobiculus  cordis. 

AXTICOL'IC,  jijiiicoZ'/ci/s,  fromaiTt,  'against,' 
and  KuXiKof,  'the  colic.'  That  which  is  opposed 
to  colic. 

ANTICOMMA,  Contre-coup. 


ANTICOPE 


ANTIMOINE 


AXTTCOPE,  Contre-coup. 

ANTICOPOSCOPIUM,  Pleximeter. 

ANTICIIUSIS,  Gonlre-coup. 

ANTFCRUSMA,  Contre-coup. 

ANTICtTS.  Anterior. 

AXTIDA  R  TliEUX,  Antiherpetic. 

AXTIUEIXIS,  Counter-indication.   , 

ANTIDIARRIKE'IC,  Antidiarrhoe'icus.  A 
remedy  for  diarrhroii.     Opposed  to  diarrhoea. 

ANTIU'INIC,  Antidin'icus,  Biii'ic,  Bin'icns, 
fromaiTi,  'against,' and  iivoi,  'vertigo.'  Opposed 
to  vertisro. 

AN'TIDOTAL,  Antidota'lis,  same  etymon  as 
antidiite.  Relating  to  an  antidote  ;  possessed  of 
the  powers  of  an  antidote. 

ANTIDOTA'RIUM,  from  avn&oTov,  'an  anti- 
dote.' A  dispensatory.  A  pharmacopoeia  or  for- 
mulary. An'tidotary  was  used  formerly  for  any 
composition  that  had  the  properties  of  an  anti- 
dote. 

ANTTDOTARY,  see  Antidotarium. 

AN'TIDO  TE,  A)i«irf'o?M)n,  from  avn,  'against, 
and  (5((5w/u,  'I  give.'  Originallj',  this  word  signi- 
fied an  internal  remexhj.  It  is  now  used  synony- 
mously with  counter-poison,  antiphar' macum,  (F.) 
Cojitre-poinon,  and  signifies  any  remedy  capable 
of  combating  the  effect  of  poison. 

A  List  of  reputed  Antidotes. 

Chalk. 

Soap. 

5.   SUI-PHURETS. 

Sulphuretted     Hydrogen, 

dissolved  in  water. 
Sulphuret  of  Potassium. 

6.  Haloids. 
Chlorino. 

7.  Metallic  Oxides. 

Hydrated  Sesqui-oxide  of 

Iron. 
Mixed  Oxides  of  Iron. 

8.  Orgaxic  Substances. 
Albuminous     Substances, 

(Albumen,  Casein,   and 

Gluten.) 
Starch. 
Oil. 

Animal  Charcoal. 


1.  Metals. 
Iron  Filings. 
Zinc  Filings. 

2.  Acids. 
Tannic  Acid. 
Acetic  or  Citric  Acid. 

3.  Salts. 
Alkaline  or    Earthy  Sul- 
phates. 

Chloride  of  Sodium. 
Hypochlorite  of  Soda   or 
of  Lime. 

4.  Alkalines. 
Ammonia. 

Carbonates  of  Ammonia. 
Carbonates  of  Soda. 
Masnesia. 

Carbonate  of  Magnesia. 
Lime  Water. 


ANTIDOTUM  HERACLIDIS,  Enneaphar- 
macos — a.  Mithridatium,  Mithridate. 

ANTIDYNAMICA,  Debilitants. 

ANTIDYNOUS,  Anodyne. 

ANTTDYSENTER'IC,  Antidi/senter'icus,  from 
iiTi,  'against.'  ivs,  'with  difficulty,'  and  evTepov, 
'intestine.'     Opposed  to  dysentery. 

A  N  T  I E  M  E  T'l  C,  Antemet'ic,  Antiemet'icux, 
from  nvri,  'against,'  and  tfxtTiKoi,  'emetic.'  A 
remedv  for  vomiting. 

ANTIEPHIAT/TIC  or  ANTEPHIAL'TTC, 
Antiephidl'ticns,  from  avTi,  'against,'  and  ciptaXrrn, 
'nightmare.'     A  remedy  for  nightmare. 

ANTIEPILEP'TIC  or  ANTEPILEP'TIC, 
Antiepilcp'ticim,  from  avri,  'against,'  and  mi- 
Xirlt"'  'epilepsy.'     A  remedy  for  epilepsy 

ANTIFEBRILIS,  Febrifuge. 

ANTIGALAC'TIC,  Antir,:,lac'ticns,  AntiUc'- 
teu8.  from  avn,  'against,'  and  yn\a,  yaUxros, 
'milk.'  (F.)  Antilaiteuor.  Opposed  to  the  secre- 
tion of  milk   or  to  diseases  caused  by  the  milk 

ANTIG'ONI  COLLYR'IUM  NIGRUM,  Black 
colh/riiim  of  AsriG'osvs.  It  was  composed  of 
cadmia,  antimony,  pepper,  verdigris,  gum  Arabic, 
and  water. 

ANTIGUA,  see  West  Indies. 

ANTriL^MOPTYICUS,  Authajmoptyicus. 

ANTIIIEC'TIC,  Antihec'ticus,  Anthec'ticns, 
from  avn,  '  against,'  and  'tin,  '  habit  of  body.' 


The  Antihec'ticum  PoTK'Rit  is  the  white  oxyd  of 
antimony  ;   also  called  Diaphoret'icum  Jocia'le. 

ANTIHELIX,  Antheli.v. 

ANTIHELMINTIOUS,  Anthelmintic. 

ANTI1IE.MURRIIAG"IC,  AntihoBmorrhnfj". 
icus,  A)ith(Bniorr!ui(/"icus,  from  avrt,  'against,' 
and  'aifioppayia,  'hemorrhage.'  That  which  is 
against  hemorrhage;  an  antihemorrhagic  re- 
medv. 

ANTIHEM0RRH0ID'AL,7l)i?»7/«wo»v/(otrfa'- 
?('«,  from  avTi,  'against,'  and  'atfioppoiici,  'hemor- 
rhoids.'    A  remedy  for  hemorrhoids. 

ANTIIiERPET'IC,  Anti/ierpet'irus,  from  avn, 
'against,' and  'ipira,  'herpes.'  {F.)  Antidartreux. 
A  remedy  for  herpes. 

ANTIHYDROPHOB'IC,  Antihydrophoh'icuH, 
Antilys'sus,  Ali/a'sua,  from  avn,  'against,'  'vSwp, 
'water,'  and  <po(ioi,  'dread.'  A  remedy  for  hydro- 
phobia. 

ANTIHYDROP'IC,  AntiJnjdrop'icnn,  Ilydrop'. 
icus,  from  avn,  'against,'  and  'vSpwip,  '  dropsj'.'  A 
remedy  for  dropsy. 

ANTIIIYPNOTIC,  Anthypnotic. 

ANTIIIYSTERIC,  Anthystcric. 

ANTI-ICTERIC,  Anti-ictcr'icns;  Ictcr'icue, 
from  avn,  '  against,'  and  iKTcpog,  'jaundice.'  A 
remedy  for  jaundice. 

ANTI-IMPETIGENES,  SOLOMON'S,  see 
Liquor  Hydrargyri  oxymuriatis. 

ANTILABIUM,  Prolabium,  see  Antolabia. 

ANTILACTEUS,  Antigalactic. 

ANriLAITEUX,  Antigalactic. 

ANTILEP'SIS,  Apprchen'sio,  from  avn\api- 
I3avu),  'I  take  hold  of.'  The  mode  of  attaching  a 
bandage  over  a  diseased  part,  by  fixing  it  upon 
the  sound  parts.  — Hippocrates.  The  mode  of 
securing  bandages,  <fec.,  from  slipping.  Treat- 
ment by  revulsion  or  derivation. 

ANTILETIIAR'GIC,  Antilethar'r/icus,  from 
ajTi,  'against,'  and  \>iOiipytkof,  'affected  with 
lethargy.'     A  remedy  for  lethargy. 

ANTILITIl'ICS,  Antitith'ica,  Lith'ica,  from 
avn,  'against,' and  AiOof,  'a  stone.'  A  substance 
that  prevents  the  formation  of  calculi  in  the  uri- 
nary organs. 

The  chief  antilithics — according  as  the  calculi 
are  lithic  acid  or  phosphatic  —  are  alkalies  or 
acids;  with  revellents,  especially  change  of  air; 
tonics,  as  diosma  crenata  [?],  and  uva  ursi  [?]. 

ANTILLY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
celebrated  French  medicinal  spring,  near  Meaux, 
in  France.  The  waters  have  not  been  analyzed; 
but  astonishing  and  chimerical  effects  have  been 
ascribed  to  them. 

ANTILOBIUM,  Antitragus,  Tragus. 

ANTILOI'MIC,  Antiloi'micus,  AntiWmic,  An- 
tipestiletitia'lis,  from  avn,  'ag.ainst,' and  Xoipo;, 
'  the  plague.'     A  remedy  for  the  plague. 

ANTILO'PUS.  The  An' telope.  {¥.)  Gazelle, 
from  avdoi,  'a  flower,'  and  wi^, 'the  eye'  —  so 
called  from  its  beautiful  eye.  An  African  animal, 
whose  hoofs  and  horns  were  formerly  given  ia 
hysteric  and  eijileptic  cases. 

ANTILYSSUS,  Antihydrophobic. 

ANTIMEL'ANCHOLIC,  Antimclanchol'.icHs, 
from  avn,  'against,'  and  iii:\ay)(^oXta,  'melan- 
choly.'    A  remedy  for  melancholy. 

ANTIMEPIIIT'IC,  Antimephi't'icus,  from  avn, 
'against,' and  mephitic.  A  remedy  against  me- 
phitic  or  deleterious  gases. 

ANTIMIASMAT'IC,  AntimiaKmat'icuo,  from 
avn,  'against,'  and  fiiaa^ia,  pnaaiiaroi,  'miasma.' 
A  remedy  against  miasmatic  aflfection« 

ANTIMOINE,  Antimoniura  — n.  jjeurre  d', 
Antimonium  muriatum— «.  Chlorwe  d',  Antimo- 
niura munatum— a.  Oj-(We  (/',  Algaroth— n.  Oxide 
Uunc  d',  Antimonium  diaphoreticum— a  »jufre 
dore  d',  Antimonii  sulphuretum  praicipitatum  — 
a.  Sulfure  cZ,  Antimonium— «.  Sulfure,  hydroeuU 


A  N  T I M  0  N  I A  L 


ANTIMONIUM 


phure  rouge  d',  Anlimonii  Eulphurctum  rubrura 
— a.  Ven-e  iP,  Antiuionii  vitrum. 

ANTIM0'NIAL,^/<n»omia7i«,  Stibia'Us,  from 
autimoitiitm,  'antimony.'  A  composition  into 
which  antimony  enters.  A  preparation  of  anti- 
mony. 

An'timo'nial  Powder,  Pulvig  antiwonia'lh, 
Ox' ilium  iinlimo'nii  cum  phos'phate  calcio,  Phus- 
phiiH  cfilcia  atibia'tiis  seu  cnl'cicum  stibin'tum, 
Pid'viH  Jame'sii  seu  ntibia'tua  seu  de  phot'phiite 
cold's  et  Ktib'ii  compositiiK,  Factitious  James's 
Powder,  SchwANBEKg's  Fever  Powder,  Chene- 
Vix's  Aiitimonial  Powder,  (F.)  Poudre  aiitimo- 
iiinle  composee  ou  de  James.  A  peroxide  of  an- 
timony combined  with  phosphate  of  lime.  {Tal.e 
of  coiniiton  snlphurct  of  antimmnj,  tbj  ;  hartKhorn 
ehficimjK,  Ibij.  Roast  in  an  iron  pot,  until  they 
form  a  gray  powder.  Put  this  into  a  long  pot, 
with  A  small  hole  in  the  cover.  Keep  it  in  a  red 
heat  for  two  hours,  and  grind  to  a  fine  powder.) 
This  preparation  has  long  been  esteemed  as  a 
febrifuge:  but  it  is  extremely  uncertain  in  its 
action.     The  ordinary  dose  is  6  or  8  grains. 

ANTTMONIALE  CAUSTICUM,  Antimonium 
muriatum. 

ANTIMONIATUM  SULPHUR,  Antimonii 
Eulphuretum  priccipitatum — a.  Tartar,  Antimo- 
nium tartarizatum. 

ANTIMONII  BUTYRUM,  Antimonium  mu- 
riatum — a.  Calx,  Antimonium  diaphoreticum — a. 
Cerussa,  Antimonium  diaphoreticum — a.  et  Po- 
tassje  tartras,  Antimonium  tartarizatum — a.  Mu- 
rias,  Antimonium  muriatum — a.  Oleum,  Antimo- 
nium muriatum — a.  Oxydulum  hydrosulphuratum 
aurantiacum,  Antimonii  sulpliuretum  priccipita- 
tum— a.  Oxydum,  see  Algnroth — a.  Oxydum  aura- 
turn,  Antimonii  sulphuratum  praecipitatum  —  a. 
Oxydum  nitro-niuriaticum,  Algaroth — a.  Oxydum 
cum  sulphuro  vitrifactura,  Antimonii  vitrum  —  a. 
Oxyilum  sulpliuretum  vitrifactum,  Antimonii  vi- 
trum— a.  Oxysulphuretum,  A.  sulphuretum  praeci- 
pitatum— a.  Potassio-tartras,  AntiuKmium  tartari- 
zatum— a.  llegulus  tnedicinalis,  Antimonium  me- 
dicinale — a.  Sal,  Antimonium  tartarizatum  —  a. 
Sulphur  auratutn,  Antimonii  sulpliuretum  pric- 
cipitatum—  a.  Sulphur  pr;Bcipitatum,  Antinioiiii 
sulphuretum  praicipitatum  —  a.  Sulphuretum, 
Antimonium. 

AnTIMO'NII       SuLPHURE'TUM       PRyTIOIPITA'TUM, 

Sulphur  antimouin'tum,  Ili/drosulphure'tum  uti- 
bio'sum  cum  suV phure,  Oco'den  stib'ii  snlphtu-ii'- 
tum,  O.ri/d'ulum  autimo'itii  hijdrosulphurn'liiiii 
auranti'ocum,  O.r'ydunt  a  urn' turn  niitiiiio'iiii,  Sitl- 
phnre'tum  stib'ii  oxyduJa'ti,  Ifi/dro-njd/ure'tum 
lu'teum  ox'ydi  stib'ii  sul/ura'ti.  Sulphur  autimo'- 
iiii  prcBcipita'tum,  Sulphur  aura'tum  untimu'nii, 
Golden  Sulphur  of  Antimony. 

Antimo'nii  Sulphure'tum  Prcpcipitatum,  A.  Oxy- 
sulphuretum, (F.)  Sou/re  dor6 d'Aiitimoiue,  of  the 
London  Pharmacopoeia,  is  nearly  the  same  as  the 
old  Kermcs  or  Chcrmes  Mineral.  It  is  a  powder 
of  an  orange  colour,  of  a  metallic,  styptic  taste. 
It  is  emetic,  diaphoretic,  and  cathartic,  according 
to  the  dose;  and  has  been  chiefly  used  in  chronic 
rheumatism,  and  in  cutaneous  afl'ections.  Dose, 
gr.  j  to  gr.  iv. 

Antimonii  Sulphuretum  Pracipitntum,  of  the 
United  States  Pharmacopoeia,  is  made  by  boiling 
together  Sulphuret  of  Antimony,  in  fine  powder, 
Solution  of  Potniisn,  and  distilled  water  ;  strain- 
ing the  liquor  while  hot,  and  dropping  into  it 
Diluted  Sulj>huric  Acid  SO  long  as  it  produces  a 
precipitate. 

Antimo'nii  Sulphure'tum  Eubrum,  7?crf  Sul'- 
phuret  of  Antimony,  HydrosulfHre'tum  stib'ii 
rubruni,  Snb-hydrosul'fas  stib'ii, Hydro-snlphure'- 
tum  rubrnm  stib'ii  sulphura'ti,  Pulcis  Carthusia- 
vo'rum,  Kcrmes  or  Chermes  mineral,  (F.)  Hydro- 
sulfure  rouije  d'Antimuiue  sul/uri,   Vermilion   de 


I  Provence.  Properties  the  same  as  the  List.  Dose, 
gr.  j  to  gr.  iv. 

Antimonii  Tartras,  Antimonium  tartarizatum 
— a.  Tartras  et  PotassK,  Antimonium  tartarizatum 
— a.  Vitrum  hyacinthinum,  Antimonii  vitrum — a, 
Tersuliihuretum,  Antimonium. 

Antimo'nii  Vitrum,  Glass  of  Antimony,  Anti- 
vw'nii^  ox'ydum  sulphure'tum  vitrifae'tum.  Ox' - 
ydum  stib'ii  semivil'reum,  Antimo'uium  vitrifac'- 
tum,  Ox'ydum  antimo'nii  cum  sul'phure  vitrifac'- 
tum,  Vitrum  stib'ii,  Antimo'nii  vitrum  hyacin'- 
thinum,  Oxyd'ulum  stib'ii  vitrea'tum,  (F.)  }'erre 
d'Antimuiue.  (Formed  by  roasiing  powdered 
common  antimony  in  a  shallow  vessel,  over  a 
gentle  fire,  till  it  is  of  a  whitish  gray  colour,  and 
emits  no  fumes  in  a  red  heat;  then  melting  it,  on 
a  quick  fire,  into  a  clean,  brownish  red  glass.) 
It  has  been  used  for  preparing  the  tartarized 
antimony  and  antimonial  wine. 

ANTIiMONIOUS  ACID,  Antimonium  diapho- 
reticum. 

ANTIMO'NIUM,  of  unknown  derivation  :  by 
some  supposed  to  be  from  am,  'against,'  and 
/ioi-oj,  'alone;'  ?.  e.  not  found  alone:  or,  accord- 
ing to  others,  from  avn,  'against,'  and  moine,  'a 
monk ;'  because,  it  is  asserted,  certain  monks 
sutl'ered  much  from  it.  Stihi,  Stib'ium,  Rcg'ulua 
Antimo'nii,  JUnera'lium,  Gynare'um,  3!n(jne'sia 
Sntur'ni,  jlfarcasi'la  jilnm'bca,  Platynphthal'mon, 
Stim'mi,  Aurnm  lepro'sum,  Antimo'nium  vriulnm, 
Antimo'nii  sulphure'tum  (Ph.  U.  B.),  A.  Ttrsul- 
phure'tum,  Sulphure'tum  stib'ii  niijrum,  Common 
or  Crude  Autimoinj,  Sulphuret  nf  Antimony,  (F.) 
Antimoine,  Sulfure  d'Antimoine.  Sulphuret  of 
antimony  is  the  ore  from  which  all  the  prejiara- 
ti^ns  of  antimony  are  formed.  In  Pharmacy,  it 
is  the  native  sestiuisulphuret  of  antimony,  puri- 
fied by  fusion.  When  prepared  for  meilical  use, 
by  trituration  and  levigation,  it  forms  a  powder, 
Antimo'nii  sulphure'tum  prapara'tum,  (Ph.  D.) 
of  a  black,  or  bluish  gray  colour,  which  is  inso- 
luble. It  is  slightly  diaphoretic  and  alterative, 
and  has  been  used  in  chronic  rheumatism,  cuta- 
neous diseases,  <fec. 

Antimonium  Album,  Bismuth — a.  Calcinatum, 
Antimonium  diajihoreticum. 

Antimo'nium  Diaphoret'icum,  Diaphoret'ic 
Antimony,  Antimo'iiions  Acid,  J/in'eral  Jiez'oard, 
Antimo'nium  Calcina'tnm,  Mineral  Diaphoret'ic, 
Matiere  perlee  de  KkrkriNG,  Peroxide  of  Anti- 
mony,  ddx  Antimo'nii,  Antimo'nium  diaphoret'- 
icum latum,  Cerus'sa  Antimo'nii,  Calx  Antimo'nii 
elo'ta,  Oxo'dcs  stib'ii  album,  Ox'ydum  stibio'snm, 
Ox'ydum  stib'ii  album  median'te  nitro  confectuiu, 
Potasses  biantimo'nias,  Deutoxide  of  Antimony, 
(F.)  Oxide  blanc  d'Antimoine  preparS  par  le 
may  en  dn  nitre.  [Common  antimony,  tbj;  jmri/ied 
nitre,  ftiij. — Throw  it  by  spoonfuls  into  a  red-hot 
crucible ;  powder  and  wash.  The  flowers  that 
stick  to  the  side  of  the  crucible  must  be  carefully 
separated,  otherwise  they  render  it  emetic) 
Dose,  gr.  x.  to  xxx. 

Antimonium  Emetici'M,  A.  tartarizatum. 

Antimo'nium  Medicina'lk,  A'ey'ulus  Antimo'- 
nii Medicina'lis,  Medic" Innl  Reifnlns  of  Anti- 
mony. [Antimon.  suljthur.  ^v  Potass,  subcarb. 
^i  Sodii  chlorid.  ^\v.  Powder,  mix,  and  melt. 
When  cold,  separate  the  scoriic  at  top,  powder 
the  mass,  and  wash  it  well.)  It  is  conceived  to 
be  more  active  than  common  antimony. 

.Antimo'nium  Muria'tum,  Antimo'nii  Mu'ria«, 
Chlor'uret  of  Au'timony,  Chlorurc'tum  stib'ii, 
Spuma  trium  draco'num,  Deuto-mnrlas  stib'ii 
sublima'tus,  Butter  of  Antimony,  Muriate  of  An- 
timony, Chloride  of  Antimony,  Ihity'rnm  Antimo'- 
nii seu  stib'ii,  O'leum  Antimo'nii,  Caus'ticum  anti- 
monin'le,  Antimonium  sali'tum,  (F.)  Chlorure 
d'Antimoine,  Beurre  d'Antimoine.     (Common  an- 


ANTmONY 


ANTIPIIYSICAL 


timnny  ntiil  corrosive  sublimate,  of  each  equal 
parts  :  griiTl  tor;ether,  ami  distil  in  a  wide-necked 
retort,  and  let  the  butyraceous  matter,  that  comes 
over,  run,  in  a  moist,  place,  to  a  liquid  oil.)  A 
caustic,  but  not  much  used  as  such.  Sometimes 
taken  as  poison. 

Antimonujm  SALiTr>f.  Antimonium  muriatum. 

Antisio'nium  Taiitahiza'tlim,  'J\u-trn8  anti- 
nil/ nil,  TarlriiH  Aittimo'nii  et  t'ot<i.s>i(B,  Aiitiino'- 
mi  et  I'ofnsscB  Ttirtnis  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Aiitimo'nii 
jMitan'sio-tartrnx,  Tnrfris  Antiino'itii,  Tartar  An- 
tiinoni'a'tnm,  Snl  Aiitimo'nii,  Tcirtrus  Potan'xw 
stibio'uKS  sou  etibia'lis,  Tartris  lixin' i(B  stil/ia'tiis, 
Deiito-tartrnn  potas'ncB  et  stib'ii,  Tar'tarns  emet'- 
icus  seu  utibia'tun,  Tar'taritm  emet'icnm,  Antimo'- 
iiiiiin  cmet'iciini,  Tar'larized  An'timony,  Tartrate 
of  Antimony  and  potan'sa,  Potatsio-tartrate  of 
Antimony,  Eniet'ic  Tartar,  Tartar  Emetic,  (P.) 
Tartre  stibie,  Tartre  Jiinetiqne,  Enu'tique ;  in 
some  parts  of  the  United  States,  vulgarly  and 
improperly  called  Tartar:  (Made  by  digesting 
snl/ihnret  of  antimony  in  a  mixture  of  nitric  and 
■muriatic  acids  with  the  aid  of  heat;  filtering  the 
liquor,  and  pouring  it  into  water:  freeing  the 
precipitate  from  acid,  by  washing  and  drying  it; 
adding  this  powder  to  bitartrute  of  potasKa  in 
boiling  diitillcd  water ;  boiling  for  an  hour,  and 
after  filtering  the  liquor  while  hot.  setting  it 
aside  to  crystallize. — I'h.  U.  S.)  Tartarized  an- 
timony is  emetic,  sometimes  cathartic  and  dia- 
])horetic.  Externally,  it  is  rubefacient,  and  in 
the  form  of  ointment,  more  especially  iini/uentnvi 
anti'monii  is  used  to  cause  pustulation.  l)ose,  as 
an  emetic,  gr.  j  to  gr.  iv  in  solution:  as  a  dia- 
phoretic, gr.  one-sixteenth  to  gr.  one-quarter. 

The  empirical  preparation,  called  Nomns's 
Duoi'S,  consists  of  a  solution  of  tartarized  anti- 
mony in  rectified  spirit,  disguised  by  the  addi- 
tion of  some  vegetable  colouring  matter. 

ANTiMoNiinr  ViTiuPACTUM,  Antiinonii  vitrum. 

ANTTMOXY,  Antimonium  —  a.  Ihitter  of, 
Antimonium  muriatum  —  a.  Chloride  of,  Anti- 
monium muriatum  —  a.  Chloruret  of,  Antimo- 
nium muriatum  —  a.  Common,  Antimonium  — 
ii.  Crude,  Antimonium  —  a.  Deutoxide  of,  Anti- 
monium diiiphoreticum — a.  Flowers  of.  Alga- 
roth — a.  Glass  of,  Antimonii  vitrum — a.  Golden 
sulphur  of,  Antimonii  sulphuretum  praecipitatum 
— a.  Medicinal  regulus  of,  Antimonium  raedici- 
nale — a.  Muriate  of,  Antimonium  muriatum — a. 
Peroxiile  of,  Antimonium  diaphoreticum  —  a. 
Potassio-tartrate  of,  Antimonium  tartarizatum — 
.1.  Sulphuret  of,  red,  Antimonii  sulphuretum  ru- 
brum — -a.  Tartarized,  Antimonium  tartarizatum — 
a.  Terchloride  of,  see  Algaroth  —  a.  Teroxide  of, 
see  Algaroth — a.  Vegetable,  Eupatorium  perfoli- 
atum. 

Antimony  and  Potassa,  Tartrate  op,  Anti- 
monium tartarizatum. 

ANTINEPHRIT'IC,  Aminephret'ic,  Antine- 
phret'icm,  from  apri,  'against,'  and  ve(ppiTis,  'ne- 
phritis.'  A  remedy  for  inflaminabion  of  the  kidney 

ANTINEUROPATHIC,  Nervine. 

ANTIXEUROTIC,  Nervine. 

ANTINIAD,  see  Antinial. 

ANTIN'IAL,  from  avn,  'against,'  and  tviov, 
'the  ridge  of  the  occiput.'  An  epithet  for  an 
aspect  towards  the  side  opposite  to  the  inion,  or 
ridge  of  the  occiput. — Barclay.  Antiniad  is  used 
adverbially  by  the  same  writer,  to  signify  '  to- 
wanls  the  antinial  aspect.' 

ANTrOCill  IU'ERA.  A  preparation  ex- 
tolled by  the  ancients  in  melancholy,  hydropho- 
bia, epilepsy,  &c.  It  was  formed  of  germander, 
agaric,  pulp  of  colocynth,  Arabian  stoechas,  opo- 
ponax,  sagapenum,  parsley,  aristoloehia,  white 
pepper,  cinnamon,  lavender,  myrrh,  honey,  &c. 

Antiochi  Tiikriaca.  A  theriac  employed  by 
Antiochiis  Ajjaiiist  every  kind  of  poison.     It  was  - 


composed    of  thyme,    opoponax,    millet,    trefoil, 
fennel,  aniseed,  nigella  sativa,  <fec. 

ANTIODONTAL'GIC,  AntodontiVgic,  Anto- 
dontal'yicus,  Odontal'ijic,  Odont'ic,  Antiodontal'. 
gicim,  from  avn  '  against,' and  oiovraXyta,  'tooth- 
ache.'    A  remedy  for  toothache. 

ANTIORGAS'TIC,  AnliorgaH'ticm,  from  avn, 
'  against,' and  opyau).  '  I  desire  vehemently.'  A 
remedy  for  orgasm  or  erethism,  and  for  irritation 
in  general. 

ANTIPARALY'T'IC,  Antipara/yt'iciw,  from 
avn,  '  against,' and  jrapaAuffij,  'pals^'.'  Opposed 
to  palsy. 

ANTIPARASIT'IC,  Antlparasit'icnK,  Aiiti. 
jjhiheiriacns,  PhtJii'riui,  Parasit'icide  ;  from  avn, 
'  against,' and  Trapatriro?,  '  a  parasite.'  An  agent 
that  destroys  parasites,  as  the  different  vermin 
that  infest  the  body.  The  chief  antiparasitics 
are  Coccnlns,  Staph inayria,  Veratriini  album,  and 
certain  of  the  mercurial  preparations. 

ANTIPARASTATI'TIS,  from  ai-n,  '  opposite,' 
and  TzapaaTarni,  '  the  epididymis  ;'  also,  '  the  pros- 
tate,' and  itix,  denoting  inflammation.  lufiam- 
mation  of  Cowper's  glands. 

ANTIPATHI'A,  from  ai/ri,  'against,'  and  iraOof, 
'passion,  affection.'  Aversion.  A  natural  re- 
pugnance to  any  person  or  thing. 

ANTIPATir'rC,  Ant i path' icus,  (F.)  Antipu- 
thiqne.  Belonging  to  antipathy.  Opposite,  con- 
trary,^—as  hnmeurn  aiilipathiqiics ;  humours  op- 
posed to  each  other.     Also,  palliatives. 

ANTIP'ATRI  TIIERIACA,  Theriac  of  M- 
tip'ater.  A  farrago  of  more  than  40  articles: 
used  as  an  antidote  against  the  bites  of  serpents, 

ANTIPERIOD'IC,  Antiperiod'ieu'!,  Anfityp'. 
icnn,  from  niTf,  'against,'  and  Trcpioio;,  'period.' 
A  remedy  which  possesses  the  power  of  arresting 
morbid  periodical  movements  ; — e.  g.  the  sulphato 
of  quinia  in  intermittents. 

ANTIPERISTAL'TIC,  AntiperiHal'tiens,  An- 
tivermic'idar,  from  avn,  'against,'  and  zcoitsTtWiii, 
'  I  contract.'  An  inverted  action  of  the  intestinal 
tube. 

ANTIPERIS'TASIS,from  avn,  'against,' and 
neptaraaii,  'reunion,  aggregation.'  A  union  of 
opposite  circumstances  :  the  action  of  two  con- 
trary qualities,  one  of  which  augments  the  force 
of  the  other.  The  i)eripateticians  asserted,  that 
it  is  by  Antiperistasis,  that  fire  is  hotter  in  winter 
than  in  summer.  Theophrastus  attributes  the 
cause,  which  renders  man  more  vigorous,  and 
makes  him  digest  more  readily  in  winter,  to  the 
augmentation  of  heat  caused  by  Antiperistasis. 

ANTIPER'NIUS,  from  avn,  'against,'  and 
Pernio,  'a  chilblain.'  A  remedy  against  chil- 
blains ; — as  Unrjnen'tum  antiper'nium,  an  oint- 
ment for  chilblains. 

ANTIPERTUSSIS,  see  Zinci  sulphas. 

ANTIPESTILENTIALIS,  Antiloimic. 

ANTrPIIARMACUS,  Alexipharmic. 

ANTIPIILOGIS'TIC,  AntiphUqix'ticni,,  PWc 
ffo'fjus,  from  avn,  '  against,'  and  ^Xtyu,  '  I  burn.' 
Opposed  to  inflammation;  as  Antiphloyistic  re- 
mediei,  A.  reqimen,  <fec. 

ANTIPIITHEIRrAGA,  Antiphthiriaca,  from 
avn,  'against,'  and  (pStipiaio,  'I  am  lousy.'  A 
remedy  used  to  destroy  lice. 

ANTIPIITHIS'ICAL,  Antiphthis'icm,  from 
avn,  'against,'  and  <j,^iaii,  'consumption.'  Op- 
posed to  phthisis. 

ANTIPHYSETICS,  Carminatives. 

ANTIPHYSICA,  Carminatives. 
^    ANTIPIIYS'ICAL,   AntiphyH'icns,  from    avn, 
agivinst,'  and  (jivaaw,  'I  blow.'    An  expeller  of 
wind  :  a  carminative. 

It  has  also  been  used  for  any  thing  preterna- 
tural;  here,  the  derivation  is  from  avn,  'a"-ainst,' 
and  0„orK,  'nature.'     The  French  sometim"es  say, 
Uh  fjofu  untiphyHique;  'au  unnatural  taste.' 


A  N  T  1 1'  [.  A  3  T I C 


ANTRUM 


ANTIPLAS'TIC,  Aniipl„>,'t;rH.t,  J>l<isHI,,i';c, 
Pliiatili/t' icKv,  from  avTi,  '  against,'  and  Tt)iaaTiKos, 
'formative.'  Antiloriniitive.  An  agent  that 
diniinixhes  the  quantity  of  plastic  matter — fibrin 
— in  the  blood. 

ANTIPLEURIT'IC,  Antipleuret'icua,  Anti- 
pleiiret'ic,  from  avri,  'against,'  and  vXcvpirti, 
'  pleurisy.'     Opposed  to  pleurisy. 

ANTil'NEUMON'IC,  Antipnenmon'icus,  from 
avTi,  'against,'  and  TTvevfiijivta,  'disease  or  inflam- 
mation of  the  lungs.'  A  remedy  for  disease  or 
inflammation  of  the  lungs. 

ANTI PODAGRIC,  Antiarthritic. 
ANTIPIIAX'IS,    from    avrt,    'against,'    and 
Trpaaao),  '  I    act.'     A  contrary  state    of   different 
parts  in  the  same  patient:  e.  g.  an  increase  of 
heat  in  one  organ,  and  diminution  in  another. 

ANTIPSOll'IC,    Aiitipso'n'cHu,    Antiaca'biouH, 
from  avTt,  'against,'  and  xpuipa,  'the  itch.'     (F.) 
Aiifi'/'i/eii.r.     Opposed  to  the  itch. 
ANTIPUTHID,  Antiseptic. 
ANTIPY'IC,  Aniipy'ictts,  from  avri,  'against,' 
and  TTvov,  '])us.'     Opposed  to  suppuration. 
ANTIPYRETIC,  Febrifuge. 
ANTIPYROT'IC,    Antipijrot'icun,    from    avTi, 
'against,'  and  nvp,  'fire.'     Opposed  to  burns  or 
to  pyrosis. 

ANTIQUARTANA'RIUM,  Antiqiiar'tlnm.    A 
remedy  formerly  used  against  quartan  fever. 
ANTIQUUS,  Chronic. 

ANTIRIIACIIIT'IC,  Antlrhachit'icus,  from 
nvTi,  'against,'  and  rachitis.  Opposed  to  rachitis, 
or  riclict':. 

ANTIRIIEUMAT'IC,  Antirrhcnmat'icua;  from 
avTi,  '  against,' and  pcupa,  'rheumatism.'  A  re- 
medy for  rheumatism. 

ANTIRIIINUM  ACUTANGULUM,  A.  Lina- 
ria — a.  Auriculatum,  A.  Elatinc. 

Antirhi'num  Elati'ni?,,  a.  auricula' turn,  Ela- 
tl'ite,  E.  hnsta'ta,  Liua'ria  elali'ne,  Cymhula'riu 
clati'ne,  Flitellfii  or  Female  Speedwell,  was  for- 
merly used  against  scurvy  and  old  ulcerations. 

ANTiitniNUM  IIeperaceum,  a.  Linaria — a. 
Ilederrefoliura,  A.  Linaria. 

Antiuhi'num  Lina'uia,  A.  hedera'ceum  sen 
hedcra/o'liiim  seu  acittan'gtdum,  Lina'ria,  L. 
vntgn'ria  seu  cjjmhala' via,  Elati'ne  cymhala'- 
rii(,  Cijnihala'ria  mvra'lin,  Ofi/'riK,  Uriiia'ria, 
Common  Toad  Flax,  (F.)  Linaire.  Onl.  Scrophu- 
lariacesB.  The  leaves  have  a  bitterish  taste.  They 
arc  reputed  to  be  diuretic  and  cathartic.  An 
ointment  made  from  them  has  been  extolled  in 
hemorrhoids. 

ANTISCABIOUS,  Antipsorie. 
ANTLSCIRRHOUS.  Anticancerous. 
ANTISCOLETICUS,  Anthelmintic. 
ANTISCOLICUS.  Anthelmintic. 
ANTISCORBU'TIC,     Antiscorbu'ticns,     from 
avTi,  'against,'  and  acorhiitus,  'the  scurvy.'     Op- 
posed to  scurvy. 

ANTISCROF'ULOUS,  AntiscropV xdowt,  An- 
tixrrofiilu'sns,  Aiitistrumo'sm,  Antichoerad'icus. 
Opposed  to  scrofula. 

ANTISEP'TIC,  Antiiep'ticus,  Antipu'trid, 
from  avTi,  'against,'  and  (r»;Troj,  'putrid.'  Anti- 
pntredino'sus.  Opposed  to  putrefaction.  The 
chief  antiseptics,  internally  or  e.xternally  em- 
ployed, arc  Acidiim  Mmiaticnm,  Acidiim  X'itri- 
cnm,  Acidiim  Siilphiiricum,  A^iminte  sidphas, 
Carlo  Li</iii,  Calx  Chloriitata,  Chlorin'inm,  Cin- 
chona anil  its  active  principles,  Creosote,  Dauci 
J'ddi.r,  Ft  rnientnm  CerevisicB,  Soda  Chlorinata, 
and  Zinci  Chloridnm.  ,      .  .   ,       ,  .      . 

ANTISIAL'AGOGUE,  Antistalago'gus,  Anti- 
si'ahw,  from  avri,  'against,'  and  maXov,  'saliva.' 
A  remoiJv  against  ptyalism. 

ANTI.^PASIS.  Derivation,  Revulsion. 
ANTISP.VSMOD'IC,   Amispanmod'icns,   ylii^i'- 
sp'i.,'ticn>:,  from  avri,  'against,  and  c-aw,  '  I  con- 


tract.' Opposed  to  spasm.  The  whole  operation 
of  antispasmodics  is  probably  revulsive.  The 
following  are  the  chief  reputed  antispasmodics. 
yEtlicr  SulphuriciiK,  Asafatida,  Caatorcum,  Vra- 
contium,  Jfoachiia,  Oleum  Animnle  Uipipelii,  and 
Valeriana — with  the  mental  antispasmodics,  ab- 
straction, powerful  emotions,  fear,  &c.  Of  direct 
antispasmodics,  we  have  no  example. 

ANTISPASTICUS,  Antispasmodic,  Deriva- 
tive. 

ANTISQUA'MIC,  Antiaqua'micus  ;  from  onti, 
'against,'  and  squama,  'a  scale.'  A  name  given 
by  Mr.  Headland  to  a  medicine,  which,  by  acting 
on  the  blood,  removes  cutaneous  affections.  The 
name  is  inappropriate,  as  the  true  scaly  diseases 
— lepra  and  psoriasis — are  not  the  only  ones  that 
require  the  use  of  eutrophics. 
ANTISTASIS,  Antagonism. 
ANTISTERYG'MA,  from  avn,  'against,'  and 
aTripvYpa,  '  a  support.'  A  fulcrum,  support,  crutch. 
— lIi])pocrates. 

ANTISTER'NUM,  from    avn,  'against,'  and 
oTcpvov,  '  the  sternum.'     The  back. — Rufus. 
ANTISTRUMOUS,  Antiscrofulous. 
ANTISYPHILIT'IC,    Antisyphilil'icua,    from 
avTi,  'against,'  and  syphilin,  'the  venereal  dis- 
ease.'    Opposed  to  the  venereal  disease. 
ANTITASIS,  Counter-extension. 
ANTITIIENAR,  Opponens  poUicis,  Adductor 
pollicis  pedis. 

ANTITIIERMA,  Refrigerants. 
ANTITHORA,  Aconitum  anthora. 
ANTITRAG'ICUS,  Anlitra'>jeua,  (F.)  Miiacle 
de  I'Antitragiis,  M.  antitrai/icn.- — (Ch.)  Belong- 
ing to  the  antitragus.  A  small  muscle  is  so 
called,  the  existence  of  which  is  not  constant. 
It  occupies  the  space  between  the  antitragus  and 
anthelix. 

ANTITRAGIEN,  Antitragicus. 
ANTIT'RAGUS,  from  avrt,  '  opposite  to,'  and 
rpayug,  'the  tragus,'  Antilo'hium,  Ohlo'bium.     A 
conical  eminence  on  the  pavilion  of  the  ear,  op- 
posite the  tragus. 

ANTITY'P'IA,  from  avrt,  'against,' and  ruTrru, 
'  I  striiie.'  Resistance.  Hardness.  Repercus- 
sion. 

ANTITYPICUS,  Antipcriodic. 
ANTIVENE'REAL,  Autirene'reua,  from  avri, 
'against,'  and  Venus,  'Venus.'    The  same  as  An- 
tisyphilitic.    Formerly  it  was  used  synonymously 
with  Antaphrodisiac. 

ANTIVERMICULAR,  Antiperistaltic. 
ANTIVERMINOSUS,  Anthelmintic. 
ANT'LIA    or   ANTLI'A,    from    avrAjiv,  'to 
pump  out.'    A  syringe;  a  pump.    Hence,  Antlia 
lac'tea,  Laciisu't/ium,  a  breast-pump:  and  Antlia 
sanf/uisu'yn,  Antibdel'la,  Hiru'do  artijicia'lia,  the 
exhausting  syringe  used  in  cupping. 
Antlia  Gastrica,  Stomach-pump. 
ANTODONTALGIC,  Antiodontalgic. 
ANTODYNUS,  Anodyne. 
ANTRAX,  Anthrax. 

ANTUE,  Antrum  —  a.  d'Hyghmore,  Antrum 
of  Highmore. 

ANTROVERSIO,  Anteversio. 
ANTRUM, 'a  cavern,'  Carem'a,  Bar'ntJirum, 
(F.)  Autre.     A  name  given  to  certain  cavities  in 
bones,  the  entrance  to  which  is  smaller  than  the 
bottom. 

Antbiim  AiiRis,  Tj-mpanum — a.  Buccinosum, 
Cochlea,  Labyrinth  —  a.  Dentale,  see  Tooth  —  a. 
Pylori,  see  Stomach. 

Antrum    of    HiGHMOnE,  Antrum  Uighmoria'- 

nnm  seu  GencB  seu  maxilla're  seu  maxil'la:  supe- 

rio'ria,    Genyan'trum,    Gnathan'trum,    Ma.r'iltnry 

Sinus,  Sinus  Gencr.  pitnitu' rius,  (F.)  Autre  d'llytjh- 

(i  more,  Siinis  M<i.rillairc.     A  deep   cavity  in   the 

j  substance  of  the  superior  maxillnry  hone  com- 

il  municating  with  the  middle  meatus  of  the  nose. 


ANTSJAR 


APERIENT 


It  is  lined  by  a  prolongation  of  the  Schnciderian 
membrane. 
ANTSJAR,  Upas. 
AXULARIS,  Annular, 
ANULUS,  Fossette. 
AXURESIS,  Ischuria. 
AXURIA,  Ischuria. 
ANUROCRINIE,  see  Ischuria. 
ANURORRHEE,  see  Ischuria. 
ANUS,  'a  circle,'  Podcx,  Potcr,  Mol'yne,  Mo- 
h/)i'ie,  Dactjl'ioH,  Caih'edra,   Ci/r'ceoii,  Cyn'ntiros, 
Ci/sthos,   Aph'edra,  ApJt'edron,    Hedra,   Proctoa, 
Archos,  Sedes,  Cuius,  Cu'leon.    The  circular  open- 
ing situate  at  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  rectum, 
by  which  the  excrement  is  expelled.    The  /nndn- 
•uent.     The  body.     The  seat,  (F.)  Siege,  Fonde- 
ment. 

Anus  also  signifies  the  anterior  orifice  of  the 
Aqueduct  of  Sylvius.  By  some,  this  Anus,  called, 
also,  Fora'men  commu'ne  poste'rius,  has  been 
supposed  to  form  a  communication  between  the 
back  part  of  the  third  ventricle  and  the  lateral 
ventricles.  It  is  close'd  up,  however,  by  the  tela 
choroidea,  and  also  by  the  fornix,  which  is  inti- 
mately connected  with  this.  The  foramen  is 
situate  between  the  commissura  mollis  of  the 
optic  thalami  and  the  pineal  gland. 

Anus,  Artificial.  An  opening  made  artifi- 
cially, to  supply  the  place  of  the  natural  anus.  The 
term  is  often  used  to  include  preternatural  anus. 
Anus  Cerebiu,  see  Aquajductus  Sylvii. 
Anus,  Contract'ed,  (F.)  Anus  retreti.  A  state 
of  the  anus  when,  from  some  cause,  it  is  con- 
tracted. 

Anus,  Imper'forate.  A  malformation,  in 
which  there  is  no  natural  anus.  See  Atresia  ani 
adnata. 

Anus,  Preternat'ural,  (F.)  Anns  contre  na- 
ture, A.  anormal.  An  accidental  opening  which 
gives  issue  to  the  whole  or  to  a  part  of  the  fceces. 
It  may  be  owing  to  a  wound,  or,  which  is  more 
common,  to  gangrene  attaclsing  the  intestine  in 
a  hernial  sac. 

This  term  is  also  employed,  as  well  as  Anus 
devie,  de'vioHS  anus,  to  the  case  where  the  anus,  in- 
stead of  being  in  its  natural  situation,  is  in  some 
neighbouring  cavity,  as  the  bladder,  vagina,  etc. 
ANXIETAS,  Anxiety — a.  Praecordiorum,  see 
Anxiety. 

ANXI'ETY,  Anxi'etas,  Anxi'etude,  Adcenio'- 
n!a,  Dyspho'ria  anxi'etas,  Alys'mus,  Al'yce,  AV- 
ysis,  Ase,  (F.)  Anxiete,  from  an/jere,  Gr.  ayytiv, 
'to  strangle,  to  sufToeate.'  A  state  of  restlessness 
and  agitation,  with  general  indisposition,  and  a 
distressing  sense  of  oppression  at  the  epigastrium, 
Anxi'etas  prcecordio'rum.  Inquietude,  anxiety, 
and  anguish,  represent  degrees  of  the  same  con- 
dition. 

ANYPNIA,  Insomnia. 

AOCHLE'SIA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  o)(\as,  'dis- 
turbance.'    Tranquillity,  calmness. 

AOR'TA,  Arte'ria  maijna  seu  crassn  seu  max'- 
ima,  HcBinal  Axis,  of  Owen,  (F.)  Aorte.  This 
name  was  given  by  Aristotle  to  the  chief  artery 
of  the  body.  It  may  have  been  derived  from 
aoprcojiai,  'I  am  suspended,'  as  it  seems  to  be 
suspended  from  the  heart:  or  from  arip,  'air,'  and 
Trjpiu),  'I  keep,'  because  it  was  supposed  to  con- 
tain air.  It  is  probable  that  Hippocrates  meant 
by  aoprai  the  bronchia  and  their  ramifications. 
The  aorta  is  the  common  trunk  of  the  arteries  of 
the  body.  It  arises  from  the  left  ventricle  of  the 
heart,  about  opposite  to  the  fifth  dorsal  vertebra, 
passes  upwards  {ascending  Aorta),  forms  the  great 
arch  of  the  Aorta,  and  descends  along  the  left 
of  the  spine  {descending  Aorta),  until  it  reaches 
the  middle  of  the  fourth  or  fifth  lumbar  vertebra, 
■where  it  bifurcates,  to  give  origin  to  the  common 
iliacs.    The  aorta  is  sometimes  divided  into  the 


Thoracic  or  Fertoral,  and  the  Ahdonilnal.     For 
the  arteries  which  arise  from  it,  etc.,  see  Artery. 
AORTASIE,  Aorteurysma. 
AOH TEUTASIE,  Aorteurysma. 
AORTEURYS'MA,    from    ao,,Tr,,    'the    aorta,' 
and  ivpvi,  'dilated.'    Aneurism  of  the  Aorta,  (P.) 
Ancvrysnie    de    I'Aorte,    Aortectasie,    Aortasie. — 
Piorry.     By  carefully  auscultating  over  the  dor- 
sal vertebras,  a  bellows'  sound,  with  a  deep  aud 
not  always  perceptible  impulse,  may  be  detected. 
AOR'TIC,  Aor'ticus.     Relating  to  the  Aorta, 
The  Aortic  ventricle,   (F.)    Veutricule  Aortique,  ia 
the  left  ventricle.     The  Aortic  valves  are  the  sig- 
moid valves  at  the  origin  of  the  Aorta,  etc. 

AORTI'TIS,  Injlamma'tio  Aor'tce,  from  Aorta, 
and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  the  aorta. 

AORTRA,  Aortron.  A  lobe  of  the  lungs.— 
Ilippocrateii. 

AO'TUS,  from  a,  privative,  and  ouf,  ioroi,  'an 
ear.'     A  monster  devoid  of  ears. — Gurlt. 

APAG'MA,  Apoclas'ma,  Apocecaulis'menon, 
from  HTTo,  'from,'  and  ayo),  'I  remove.'  Separa- 
tion, abduction.  Separation  of  a  fractured  bone. 
— Galenus,  Foesius. 

APAGOGE,  Defecation,  Inductio. 
APALACHINE,  Ilex  vomitoria— a.  u  Fenillea 
de  Prunier,  Prinos — a.  Gallis,  Ilex  vomitoria. 

APAL'LAGE,  Apallax'is,  from    aTraXarno,   'I 
change.'      Mutation,    change.      It   is    generally 
taken  in  a  good  sense,  and   means  the   change 
from  disease  to  health. — Hippocrates. 
APALLAXIS,  Apallage. 

APALOT'ICA,  from  airaXorri?,  'softness,  ten- 
derness.' Fortuitous  lesions  or  dcforuiitics  affect- 
ing the  soft  parts.  The  first  order  in  the  class 
Tychica,  of  Good. 
APAXTHESIS,  Apanthismus. 
APANTHIS'MUS,  Apnnthe'sis,  from  oto, 
'from,'  and  avQcw,  'I  floAver.'  The  obliteration 
of  parts  previously  inservient  to  useful  purpofe?, 
as  of  the  ductus  venosus  and  ductus  arteriosus, 
which  are  essential  to  foetal  existence,  but  are 
subsequently  unnecessary.     See  also  Stuprum. 

APANTHRO'PIA,  from  avro,  'from,'  and  av- 
^puiTToq,  'man.'  Detestation  of  man;  desire  fur 
solitude. — Hippocrates.  One  of  the  symptoms 
of  hypochondriasis. 

APAPHRISMOS,  Despumation. 
APARACH'YTUM    VINUM.    from    a,    priv., 
and  ■Kapa'xyoi,  'I  pour  over.'     The  purest  wine: 
that  which  has  not  been  mixed  with  sea-water. — 
Galen. 

APARIXE,  Galium  aparine — a.  Hispida,  Ga- 
lium aparine. 

APARTHROSIS,  Diarthrosis. 
AP'ATHY,  Apathi'a,  Ameli'a,  from  a,  priva- 
tive, and  iza^og,  'affection.'  (F.)  Apathie.  Ac- 
cidental suspension  of  the  moral  feelings.  It 
takes  place  in  very  severe  diseases,  particularly 
in  malignant  fevers. 

APECHE'MA,  from  otto,  'from,'  and  i/X"?. 
'sound.'  Properly  the  action  of  reflecting  sound. 
In  medicine,  it  is  synonymous  with  the  Latin 
Contrafissura,  a  counter-fissure,  a  counter-blow. 
— Gorrfeus,  Celsus. 

APECTOCEPHALUS,  Acephalothorus. 
APEL'LA,  Appel'la,  Leipoder'nios,  Rccuti'tm, 
from  a,  priv.,  &nCi.  pellis,  'skin.'  One  whose  pre- 
puce does  not  cover  the  glans. —  Galenus,  Lin- 
naeus, Vogel.  Retraction  or  smallness  of  any 
other  soft  appendage.— Sagar.  One  who  is  cir- 
cumcised. 

APEPSIA.  Dyspepsia. 

APE'RIEXT,  Apc'riens,  Aperiti'rus,  from  ";<«- 
rire  (ab  and  pario),  'to  open.'  Res'erans.  A 
laxative.  (F.)  ApMtif.  A  medicine  which 
gently  opens  the  bowels.  The  term  bad  for- 
merly a  much  more  extensive  signification,  and, 


ATERISTATON 


APIASTRUM 


like  Cutahjt'lcxim,  was  given  to  a  substance  sup- 
Ijodfil  to  have  tiie  power  of  opening  any  of  the 
pagsi\j:i's.  Mild  even  the  blood-vessels. 

APHHIS'TATON,  Aperiv'tatum,  from  a,  pri- 
vntivo,  and  Ttimarrini,  'I  surround.'  An  epithet 
for  an  ulcer  not  dangerous  nor  considerable  nor 
surrounded  by  inflaintnation. 

APKnrriF,  Aperient. 

Al'KRITlVUS,  Aperient. 

Al'EHTOll  OCULI,  Levator  palpebrae  supe- 
rioris. 

APERTO'RTUM,  from  nperio,  'I  open.'  An 
iustrutnont  for  ililating  the  os  uteri  during  labour. 

Al'ERTUKA,  Mouth  —  a.  Anterior  ventriculi 
tertii  cerebri,  Vulva  (cerebri) — a.  Pelvis  superior, 
!,ee  Pelvis. 

APEUTIIYSME^"OS,  Rectum. 

APEX,  Miwro.  The  point  or  extremity  of  a 
part. — as  the  apex  of  the  tongue,  nose,  etc. 

Ai'KX  LiNGU.-E,  Proglossis. 

APH.EIIESIS,  Aphcrcsis,  Extirpation. 

APHALANGl'ASIS,  from  a,  'intensive,' and 
(ioKay^,  'phalanx.'  The  fourth  stage  of  Oriental 
leprosy,  which  is  recognised  chiefly  by  a  gangre- 
nous condition  of  the  lingers. 

APJIASSOM'ENOS,  from  ai^aaa^,  'I  touch,  I 
foel.'  The  touching  of  the  parts  of  generation 
of  the  female  as  a  means  of  diagnosis. — llippo- 
cratcs.     See  Esaphe. 

APIIEDRA.  Anus. 

APllEDlUA,  Menses. 

APllEDHON,  Anus. 

A  P  II  EL  I' A,  ai/isXjjf,  'simple.'  Simplicity. 
The  siiiii)le  manners  of  the  sect  of  Methodists  in 
teaching  and  practising  medicine. 

APIIELX'IA,  from  acpc^Kw,  'I  abstract.'  Vo- 
luntary inactivity  of  the  whole  or  the  greater 
part  of  the  external  senses  to  the  impressions  of 
surrounding  objects,  during  wakefulness.  Jie- 
rcry,  (F.)  Iler-erie.  Dr.  Gotod  has  introduced 
this  into  his  Nosology,  as  well  as  Aphel.r'la  so- 
cora  or  absence  of  mind — A.  infen'fn  or  abstrac- 
tifftl  of  mind:  and  A.  otio'sa,  Slu'ditim  ina'ue, 
Cenosjiu'dia,  broron  stitd)/  or  liatleaa  niuaingi 

APIIEPSEMA,  Decoction. 

APHETSIS,  Decoction. 

APIIE'IIESIS,  AplKB'resia,  from  a<paiptiii,  'I 
take  away.'  An  operation  by  which  any  part  of 
the  body  is  separated  from  the  other,  ilippo- 
crates,  according  to  Focsius,  uses  the  expression 
Aphas' resia  Smi'tjiiinia  for  excessive  hemorrhage; 
and  Sennertus,  to  express  the  condition  of  an 
animal  deprived  both  of  the  faculties  of  the  mind 
and  of  the  mind  itself. 

APH'ESIS,  from  afirjjxi,  'I  relax.'  A  remis- 
sion. This  word  expresses  sometimes  the  dimi- 
nution or  cessation  of  a  disease;  at  others,  lan- 
guor and  debility  of  the  lower  extremities.  See 
Lancuor,  and  Remission. 

APIIILAN'TIIROPY,  Aphilnnthro'pia,  from  a, 
privative,  ^i-Xtu,  'I  love,'  and  av5pu;rof.  'a  man.' 
Dislike  to  man.  Love  of  solitude.  Vogel  has 
given  tills  name  to  the  first  degree  of  melancholy. 

APHISTESIS,  Abscess. 

APIIODEUMA,  Excrement. 

APHODUS.  Excrement. 

APHONETUS,  Aphonus. 

APIIO'NIA,  Liija'tio  lingucB,  Loqne'ln  ahol'ita, 
Defet:'tiia  loqitc'lo!,  Dijapho'nia,  (of  some,)  Aph'- 
oni/.  (F.)  Aphonic,  Peite  de  In  Voix,  from  a,  pri- 
vative, and  ^(i>i/i),  'voice.'  Privation  of  voice,  or 
of  the  sounds  that  ought  to  be  pro<liiced  in  the 
glottis.  When  aphonia  forms  part  of  catarrh  or 
of 'colli.'  it  is  conunonly  but  of  little  consequence; 
but  when  jiroduced  by  causes  acting  on  the  ner- 
vous system,  as  by  some  powerful  emotion,  or 
without  any  appreciable  lesion  of  the  vocal  appa- 
ratus, (Lari/H'jo-parcilj/ais,)  it  frequently  resists 
all  remedies. 


^  Aphoma,  Catalepsy  —  a.  Surdorum,  Mutitas 
."^urdorum. 

APHONICUS,  Aphonus. 

APIIO'NUS,  Apho'nicva,  Apho'netua;  same 
ety.non.     Relating  to  aphonia. 

APHONY,  Aphonia. 

APIIORIA,  Sterilitas. 

AFIIORICUS,  Sterile. 

APiIORUS,  Sterile. 

APIIOIl'ME,  aipopuri,  'occasion.'  The  exter- 
nal and  manifest  cause  of  any  thing.  The  occa- 
sional cause  of  a  disease. — Hippocrates. 

APIIRO'DES,  'frothy,'  from  aippog,  'foam,' 
and  ci&og,  'resemblance.'  Applied  to  the  blood 
and  the  excrements. — Hippocrates. 

APHRODISIA,  Coition,  Puberty. 

APIIRODIS'IAC,  AphrodixirtcuK,  from  A0po- 
iirri,  'Venus,'  (P.)  Aphrudiaiaque.  Medicine 
or  food  believed  to  be  capable  of  exciting  to  the 
pleasures  of  love;  as  ginger,  cautharides,  Ac. 
They  are  generally  stimulants. 

APHRODISIACUS,  Venereal. 

APHRODISIASMUR.  Coition. 

APIIRODISIOG'RAPHY,  from  A0poA<r»,,  'Ve- 
nus,' and  yjjaipia,  'I  describe.'  Etyiiiolugically, 
this  term  means  a  description  of  the  pleasures  of 
love,  but  it  has  been  placed  at  the  head  of  a  work 
describing  the  venereal  disease. 

APHRODITIC,  Venereal. 

APIIROG'ALA,  from  a(/.pof,  'foam,'  and  ya\a, 
'milk.'  Lac  apntiio'snm.  A  name  formerly  given 
to  milk  rendered  frothy  by  agitation. 

APHRONIA,  Apoplexy. 

APHRONITRUM,  Natrum,  Soda. 

APHROSYNE,  Delirium,  Insanity. 

APlITIIiE,  Apht(B,  ApthcE,  from  arrru),  'I  in- 
flame." Tltrnah  or  aore  month,  Aphtha  lactn'ci- 
men  seu  Lifan'tnm,  Lactn'cimQti,  Laclnciin' ina, 
Lactu'minu,  Al'colcB,  Em'phhjaia  aphtha,  Ulcera 
aerpen'tia  oris,  I'ua'tuht  oria,  Febiia  aphtho'aa, 
Anr/i'nu  aphtho'aa,  Veaic'nlcB  (/inr/ira' nun,  Slo- 
mati'tia  exaudati'va  seu  vesicnio'aa  infun'tntn,  Sto- 
map'yra,  S.  aphtha,  Pninel'Ut,  Whiti'  Thruah, 
Milk  Thrnah.  Aphtha;  consist  of  roundish,  pearl- 
coloured  vesicles,  confined  to  the  lips,  mouth, 
and  intestinal  canal,  and  generally  terminating 
in  curd-like  sloughs.  In  France,  the  Aphthae  of 
children,  Aphlhea  des  En/ana,  is  called  Mnrjuet, 
Jlillet,  Blanchet,  Catarrhe  buccal  and  Stotnatite 
cremeitae  2>'dtacee,  Pidtaceoita  inflammation  of 
the  3Iouth  ;  and  generally  receives  two  divisions 
— the  mild  or  diecrcet,  (F.)  Mngnet  benin  ou  dis- 
cret,  and  the  malignant,  (F.)  Jfngnet  malin  ou 
confluent,  the  Black  Thrush.  Common  Thrush  is 
a  disease  of  no  consequence,  requiring  merely 
the  use  of  absorbent  laxatives.  The  malignant 
variety,  which  is  rare,  is  of  a  more  serious  cha- 
racter, and  is  accompanied  with  typhoid  symp- 
toms,—  Typhus  aphtho'i'deus. 

Armu.F.  AntiLTOUDM,  Stomatitis,  aphthous — a. 
Praeputii,  Herpes  pracputii — a.  Serpen tes,  Cancer 
aquaticus. 

APH'THAPHYTE,  Aphthaph'yton :  OYd'ium 
alb'icans.  Champignon  du  Muguet,  from  aipQai, 
'aphthae.'  and  <f,vrov,  'a  vegetable.'  A  parasitic 
vegetable  growth  observed  in  aphthae. 

APHTHE  GAXGKENEUX,  Cancer  aqua- 
ticus. 

APHTHES  DES  EXFAXS,  Aphth.-e. 

APHTHEVX,  Aphthous. 

APIITHO'DES,  Aphthoidea,  Aphlhotdeua,  from 
aphtha,  and  ados,  'resemblance.'  Aphthous-like. 
Resembling  aphtha^. 

APH'TIIOUS,  Aphtho'sua,  (F.)  Aphthcur.  Be- 
longing  to  aphtha?;  complicated  with  aphtha); 
as  Aphthous  Fci-cr. 

APIASTRUM,  Melissa. 


APICES 


APOGALACTOS 


APICES  CRURUM  MEUULL.E  OBLON- 
OAT^,  Corpora  striata  —  a.  Digitoruui,  Pu- 
pulic. 

APILEPSIA,  Apoplexy. 

A'PIOL,  Apio'lnm,  Pdi-sley  oil,  from  apiiim, 
'par.-!ley,'  and  oleum,  'oil.'  A  yellowish  oily 
liquid,  obtained  from  opium  petroselinnm  or 
pat-Hley,  which,  in  the  dose  of  15  grains,  has 
been  used  as  an  antiperiodic. 

APIOXTA,  see  Excretion. 

APIOS,  Pyrus  communis. 

APIS,  Bee. 

API'TES,  from  anov,  'a  pear.'  Perry. — Gor- 
raeus. 

APIUM,  A.  graveolens  —  a.  Ammi,  Ammi  —  a. 
Anisum,  Piinpinella  anisum  —  a.  Carvi,  Carum. 

A'pnur  Graveolens,  Apium,  Paluda'pium, 
Jieli'num,  Se.n'eli  (/rneeolenn,  Sitim  yrttveohns  seu 
"pium,  Siiinllnr/e,  (F.)  Ache.  Ord.  Umbclliferae. 
Sex.  Sijst.  Pentandria  Digynia.  The  plants, 
roots,  and  seeds  are  aperient  and  carminative. 
Seleri/  is  a  variety  of  this. 

Apium  Hortexse,  A.  graveolens  —  a.  Monta- 
num,  Athamanta  aureosolinum  — ^a.  Paludapium, 
A.  Graveolens — a.  Petrasum.Bubon  Maeedonicum. 

Apium  Petroseli'nu.m,  Apium  Horten'se  seu 
vnUja're,  E/eoeeli'num  [?  ],  ' Grielum,  PetioneW- 
unm.  Common  Purslei/,  (F.)  Persil.  The  root — 
I'etroselinum,  (Ph.  U.  S.) — and  seeds  are  diuretic 
and  aperient.     See  Apiol. 

Apium  Sium,  Slum  nodiflorum — a.  Vulgare,  A. 
graveolens. 

APLAS'TIC,  Aplas'ficus,  from  a,  privative, 
and  sAaiTirw,  '  I  form.'  That  which  is  not  capable 
(if  forming  ;  or  is  not  organizable. 

Aplastic  Element;  one  which  is  unsuscep- 
tible of  any  farther  amount  of  organization. — 
(Jerber. 

APLESTIA,  Ingluvies,  Intemperance. 

APLEU'ROS,  from  a,  privative,  and  n'Scvpov, 
'a  rib.'  One  without  ribs,  or  pleuras. — Hippo- 
crates, Galen. 

APLOT'OMY,  Aplotom'ia,  from  aTrAoof,  'sim- 
ple,' and  TCfivto,  'I  cut.'     A  simple  incision. 

APNEE,  Apnoea. 

APNEUMATOSIS,  see  Atelectasis. 

APNEU'MIA, from  a,priv., and  T;vtvjiu>v,  'lung.' 
A  monstrosity  in  which  there  is  absence  of  lungs. 

APNEUMONER'VIA,  Apneumonen'rin,  from 
a,  priv.,  ■nvtvjxh>v,  'lung,'  and  vivpov,  'nerve.' 
Want  of  nervous  action  in  the  lungs. 

APNEUSTIA,  Apnoea,  Asphyxia. 

APNCE'A,  from  a,  privative,  and  w^ia,  'I  re- 
spire.' {¥.)  Apnee,  Absence  of  respiration,  A'e- 
ti}ira'tio  ahol'ita  ;  or  insensible  respiration.  Also, 
Urthopnoea.     See  Asphyxia. 

APNfEA  Infantum,  Asthma  Thymicum. 

APNCEASPHYXIA,  Asphyxia. 

APNUS,  aTvooj,  same  etymon.  One  devoid  of 
respiration.  An  epithet  applied  by  authors  to 
cases  in  which  the  respiration  is  so  small  and 
slow,  that  it  seems  suspended. — Castelli.  It  is 
probable,  however,  that  the  word  was  always  ap- 
plied to  the  patient,  not  to  the  disease. 

APO,  airo,  a  prefix  denoting  'from,  of,  off,  out.' 
Hence — 

APOBAMMA,  Embamma. 

APOBAINON,  Eventus. 

APODESOMENON,  Eventus. 

APOBIOSIS,  Death. 

APOBLEMA,  Abortion. 

APOBOLE.  Abortion. 

APOBRASMA,  Furfur. 

APOCAPXISMUS,  Fumigation. 

APOCATASTASIS,  Considentia,  Restauratio. 

APOCATHARSIS,  Catharsis. 

APOCATHARTICUS,  Cathartic. 

APOCECAULIS-MENON,  Apagma. 


APOCENO'SIS,  Apnsceiio'sln,  from  azo,  'out,' 
and  Ktviaais,  'evacuation.'  A  partial  evacuation 
according  to  some,  in  opposition  to  Ccnosis,  whicl 
signifies  a  general  evacuation. — Cullcn  and  Swe 
diaur  apply  it  to  morbid  fluxes. 

Apocenosis,  Abevacuatio — a.  Diabetes  mclli 
tus.  Diabetes — a.  Ptyalismus  mellitus,  sec  Saliva 
tion — a.  Voinitus  pyrosis,  Pyrosis. 

APOCHOREON,  Excrement. 

APOCHREMMA,  Sputum. 

APOCIIREMPSIS,  Exspuition. 
i  APOCII'YMA,  from  anoxcia,  'I  pour  out.'  A 
sort  of  tar,  obtained  from  old  ships,  which  is  im- 
pregnated with  chloride  of  sodium.  It  was  used 
as  a  discutient  of  tumours.  —  Aetius,  Paulus, 
Gorraeus. 

APOCm  GOBE-MOUCHE,  Apocynum  an 
drosremifolium. 

APOCLASMA,  Abduction,  Apagma. 

APOCLEISIS,  Asitia,  Disgust. 

APOCOPE,  from  ano,  and  kovtuv,  'to  cut.' 
Abscission.  A  wound  with  loss  of  substance. 
Fracture  with  loss  of  part  of  a  bone.    Amputation. 

APOCOPIIS,  Castratus. 

APOCRISIS,  Contagion,  Excrement,  Secre- 
tion. 

APOCROUS'TIC,  Apncrous'tica  seu  Apocrm'- 
ticn,  (remed'ia,)  from  airo,  'out,'  and  A-pouM,  'I 
push.'     An  astringent  and  repellent. — (ialcnus. 

APOCRUSTICA,  Apocroustic. 

APOCYESIS,  Parturition. 

APOCYN,  see  Apocynum  Cannabinuni. 

APOCYNIN,  see  Apocynum  Cannabinum. 

APOCYNUM  ANDROSiEMIFO'LIlJxM,(Ph. 
U.  S.)  from  OTTO,  and  kuwv,  'a  dog,'  because  es- 
teemed, of  old,  to  be  fatal  to  dogs.  Doff'n  Bane, 
Bitter  Boy's  Bane,  Milkweed,  Bitterroot,  Honey, 
bloom,  Catdifly,  Flytrnp,  Iji'ecac,  Amer'iean  Ipe- 
cac, (F.)  Apocin  gohe-mouclie,  A.  amer.  Ord. 
Apocynaceic.  Sex.  Si/st.  Pentandria  Digynia. 
The  root  of  this  plant  is  found  from  Canada  to 
Carolina.  Thirty  grains  evacuate  the  stomacli 
as  effectually  as  two-thirds  of  the  amount  of 
Ipecacuanha,  by  which  name  it  is  known  in  vari- 
ous parts  of  the  Eastern  States.  It  is  in  the 
secondary  list  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United 
States. 

Apocynum  Cannab'inum,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Indian 
Hem]}.  This  American  plant  possesses  emetic, 
cathartic,  diaphoretic  and  diuretic  properties,  has 
been  strongly  recommended  in  dropsy,  and 
has  been  given  in  decoction, — ^ij  of  the  rcft 
boiled  in  three  pints  of  water  to  two.  A  wine- 
glassful  for  a  dose.  An  active  principle,  Apoci/n 
or  Apocynin,  has  been  extracted  from  the  root. 

Apocynu.m  IIvpericefo'lium,  a  variety  of  A. 
cannabinum,  which,  as  well  as  A.  androsaMiiifo- 
lium,  abounds  in  a  milky  juice.  This,  when  ap- 
plied to  the  skin,  produces  a  troublesome  erup- 
tion resembling  flea-bites  :  hence,  the  plants  have 
been  termed,  by  the  voya(jeurs  in  the  Hudson's 
Bay  territory,  Herbes  d  In  puce. 

Apocynum  Novyf;  Anglic  IIirsutum,  Ascle- 
pias  tuberosa— a.  Orange,  Asclepias  tuberosa— a. 
Scandens,  Allamanda. 

APODACRYT'ICUS,  Belachnjmati'vus,  from 
ano,  'from,'  and  <5«<(puio,  'I  weep.'  A  substance, 
supposed  to  occasion  a  flow  of  the  tears,  and  then 
to  arrest  them.— CoUunolla,  Pliny,  Galenus. 

APODEMIALGIA,  Nostalgia. 

APOD'IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  rots,  -om, 
'afoot.'  Want  of  feet;  hence  Apoun  or  Apu>, 
one  who  has  no  feet. 

APODYTE'RIUM,  Coniste'rium,  Spoliato'- 
rium,  Spolia'rium,  from  arroivht,  'I  strip  off.'  The 
ante-room,  where  the  bathers  stripped  themselves 
in  the  ancient  gymnasia. 

APOGALACtlSMUS,  Weaning 

APOGALACTOS,  Esubcr. 


APOGEUSIS 


■9 


APOrLECTIC 


APOGEUSIS,  Ageustia. 
AP0(;EUSTIA,  Ageustia. 
A1'0(;LAUCOSIS,  Glaucosis. 

AP(HiON'.  Iinberbis. 

Al'UtiMJNUM,  from  ano,  and  ytvofiai,  '1  exist' 
A  liv  iriL,'  f(wtu.s  in  utero. — Hippocrates. 

AP(JLEl>rsrS,  Desquamation. 

AI'OLKPISMUS,  Desquamation. 

APOLEP'SIS,  A])oli;p'aUi,  Apolip'ah,  from 
oToXufitJui'oi,  '  I  retain.'  Itetention,  suppression. 
— lli|i|>c)crates.     Asphyxia. 

APOLEX'IS,  from  arruXjjyu),  'I  cease.'  Old 
aj;c,  ik'CTc'pifude. 

APOLINO'SIS,  from  aro,  and  Xivov,  'a  flaxen 
tiiroiid.'  Tiie  mode  of  operating  for  fistula  in 
aiK).  l)y  means  of  a  thread  of  Homolinon  or  Linuiii 
cnidiim. — Hippocrates,  Paulas. 

APOEIPSrS.  Apolepsis. 

APOLLINAUIS  ALTERCUM,  llyoscyamus. 

APOLUTICA,  Cicatrisantia. 

APOLYS'IAj^^joTysi's,  from  otoXdo),  'Iloosen.' 
Solution.  Relaxation.  Debility  of  the  limbs  or 
looseness  of  bandages. — Erotian.  Expulsion  of 
the  foetus  and  its  dejiendeneies.  Termination  of 
a  disease. — Hippocrates,  Galen. 

APOMATHE'MA,  Apomnthe'ais,  from  oto,  and 
fiav^avbi,  '  I  learn.'  Forgetfulnessof  things  taught. 
— Hippocrates. 

APOM'ELI,  from  oto,  'of,'  and  ni:\i,  'honey.' 
An  oxymel  or  decoction  made  of  honey.— Galen, 
Aetius,  Paulus,  &a. 

APOMi:XIS,  Munctio. 

APOMYLE'NAS,  from  a-^ofivWaivw,  'I  make 
a  wry  mouth.'  One  who  pushes  his  lips  forwards, 
pressing  them  against  each  other.  Occasionally 
A  symptom  of  nervous  fever. — Galen,  Erotian. 

APOMYTHO'SIS,  Apnmi/lto'nis,  from  a-roiwaaw, 
'  I  snore.'  A  disease  in  which  there  is  stertor. — 
Sauvages,  Sagar. 

APO.MYXIA,  Nasal  mucus. 

APONEUROG'RAPHY,  Aponein-orji-a'phin, 
from  arrovtvpiiicrii,  an  '  aponeurosis,'  and  ypacpij, 
'  a  description.'  A  description  of  the  Aponeu- 
roses. 

A  P  0  N  E  U  R  0  L'O  G  Y,  Apo)ieurnIog"ia,  from 
axovivimati,  -'an  aponeurosis,'  and  \oyos,  'a  dis- 
course.' Aponenrosiol'ogi/.  The  anatomy  of  the 
aponeuroses. 

APONEUROSIOLOGY,  Aponeurology. 

A  PON  EURO 'SIS,  Apoiiei-ro'iits,  from  avo, 
'from,'  and  vevpov,  'a  nerve.'  Pronerva'ti'o,  De- 
verva'tio,  Enerva'tio,  Ex'jynu'sio  nervo'sn,  (F. ) 
Aponeiirose,  Apotievrose.  The  .ancients  called 
every  white  part  vevpov,  and  regarded  the  Apo- 
neurosis as  a  nervous  expansion.  The  Aponeu- 
roses are  white,  shining  membranes,  very  resist- 
ing, and  composed  of  fibres  interlaced.  Some 
are  continuous  with  the  muscular  fibres,  and  difl^er 
only  from  tendons  by  their  flat  form.  They  are 
called  Aponeuroses  of  inxertion,  (F.)  Apoiierroses 
d'insertion,  when  they  are  at  the  extremities  of 
muscles,  and  attach  them  to  the  bone; — Aponeu- 
roses of  intersection,  (F.)  Aponerroses  d'interscc- 
tion,  if  they  interrupt  the  continuity  of  the  mus- 
cle, and  are  continuous  on  both  sides  with  mus- 
cular fil>res.  Others  surround  the  muscle,  and 
prevent  its  displacement :  tliey  are  called  envelop- 
ing Aponeuroses,  (F.)  Aponerroses  d'enreloppe. 

Ai'ONKitROSis,  Fascia — a.  Crural,  Fascia  lata — 
a.  Femoral,  Fascia  lata — a.  Iliac,  Fascia  iliaca. 

APOXEUROSI'TIS,  from  aponeurosis,  and 
ids,  'denoting  inflammation.'  Inflammation  of 
an  apon.Mirosis. 

APOXEUROT'IC,  Aponeurot'icus.  What  re- 
lates to  Aponeuroses: — thus,  we  say  Aponeurotic 
exponsiou.  Aponeurotic  muscle,  &C. 

APONEUKOT'OMY'",  Apnneurotom'ia,  from 
avovivpwati,  '  aponeurosis,'  and  rc//i(D,  '  I  cut.' 
Anatomy  of  aponeuroses. 


Aponeurotomy  has,  also,  been  proposed  for  tho 
division,  {debridement)  of  filaments,  Ac,  in  apo- 
neurotic openings,  and  for  the  section  of  fasciaj. 

AP0N£VR0SE  P£dIEUSE,  see  Pedal 
Aponeurosis — n.  Superficielle  de  V Abdomen  et  de 
la  Ouisse,  Fascia  superficialis. 

APONEVROSIS,  Aponeurosis. 

APOX'IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  zovos,  'pain.' 
Freedom  from  pain. 

APONIPSIS,  Ablution. 

APOPALLE'SIS,  Apopnl'sis,  from  as-OTraXXoj, 
'I  throw  off.'  Expulsion.  Protrusion. — Hippo- 
crates.    Also,  Abortion. 

APOPATE'MA,  Apop'athos,  Apop'atus.  Tho 
excrement,  and  the  place  where  it  is  deposited. — 
Dioscorides,  Erotian. 

APOPEDASIS,  Luxation. 

APOPHLEGMATISANS  PER  NARES,  Er- 
rhine — a.  jier  Os,  Sialogogue. 

APOPHLEG.MATISAX'TIA,  Aj^opJdegmati- 
son'ta,  Apophle(jniatls'nii,  from  oto,  'out,'  and 
(pXeyfia,  '  phlegm.'  Medicines  which  facilitate  the 
upward  expulsion  of  mucus  from  the  mucous 
membrane  of  the  digestive  or  air  passages;  as 
gargles,  masticatories,  &c. 

APOPHLEG'MATl  SM,  Apophler/matis'mus. 
The  action  of  Apophlegmatisantia. — Galen. 

APOPHLEGMATISMI,  Apophlegmatisantia. 

APOPH'RADES,  from  a7zo(,^pns,  '  unlucky.' 
An  epithet  applied  to  unlucky  days,  {dies  ne- 
fandi.)  Days  on  which  a  favourable  change 
is  not  expected  to  occur  in  a  disease. — A.  Lau- 
rentius. 

APOPIIRAXIS,  Amcnorrhoea. 

AV(nn\T\\A1V'SlA,Apoph'thorn,  from  ano,  and 
^•Sfifja),  '  I  corrupt.'  Abortion,  as  "oil  as  a  medi- 
cine to  procure  abortion. 

APOPHTHORA,  Abortion. 

APOPHTHOKIUS.  Abortive. 

APOPHY'ADES,  from  ano,  'from,'  and  duu, 
'I  spring.'  The  ramifications  of  veins  and  arte- 
ries.— Hippocrates. 

APOPHYSE  BARJLAJBE.  Basilary  process 
— a.  Enyinnante  ou  riKjinnle,  Vaginal  jirocess — 
a.  Pt/rumidale,  see  Temporal  Bone  —  u.  Petree, 
see  Temporal  Rone. 

APOPHYSES  EPIXEUSES,  Spinous  pro- 
cesses of  tho  vertebra;. 

APOPH'YSIS,  from  ano,  'from,'  and  ^vu,  'I 
rise,'  Ec'pliysis,  Proces'sns,  Appendix,  Prominen'- 
tia  ossis  contin'nn,  A  j)>'ocess  of  a  bone.  When 
the  apophysis  is  yet  separated  from  the  body  of 
the  bone  by  intervening  cartilage,  it  is  called 
Epiph'ysis.  The  apophyses  or  processes  are,  at 
times,  distinguished  by  epithets,  expressive  of 
their  form  :  as  A.  styloid,  A.  corncoid,  &c.  Others 
are  not  preceded  by  the  word  apophysis;  as  Tro- 
chanter, Tuberosity,  &Q. 

Apoph'ysis  of  Ingras'sias  is  a  term  applied 
to  the  lesser  ala  of  the  sphenoid  bone. 

APoniY.sis  JlAJiMiLLAiiis,  Mastoid  process. 

Apoi'Hvsis  of  Rau,  Grele  opophyse  du  Mar- 
tea  u  :  see  Malleus. 

Apophysis  Zygomatica,  Zygomatic  process. 

APOPIES'MA,  from  anonte^u),  'I  compress.' 
Hippocrates  uses  the  term  to  signify  a  fancied 
expression  or  forcing  out  of  humours  by  the 
application  of  bandages  in  wounds  and  frac- 
tures. 

APOPEANESIS,  Error  loci. 

APOPLECTIC,  Apoplec'ticus.  Referring  to 
Apoplexy.  This  word  has  various  significations. 
It  is  applied,  1.  To  individuals  laboring  under 
apoplexy  :  2.  To  remedies  proper  for  combating 
apoplexy  :  .3.  To  the  constitution,  temperament, 
or  make,  Architeetu'ra  apoplec'tica,  Hah'itvs 
apoplec'ticus  seu  quadra'tns  scu  toro'sus,  which 
predisposes  to  it,  and,  4.  To  the  symptoms  whii-h 
chanicterize  apoplexy ;    as   Apoplectic  sleep,    A. 


APOPLECTICUS 


80 


ArOSTASIS 


stroJce,  A.  Ktertov,  Ac.  The  juguliir  veins  have 
also,  by  some,  been  called  Ajwplectic  veins,  VencB 
apoplec'ticcB. 

Apoplectic  Cell.  Focus  apopUc'ticus.  A 
cavity  remaining  in  the  enccphalon,  after  the 
effusion  of  blood  and  its  subsequent  absorption. 

APOl'LKCTICUS,  Antiapoplectic,  Apoplectic. 

APOPLEXIA,  Apoplexy — a.  Catalcpsia,  Cata- 
lepsia — a.  Corebralis,  .«ee  Apoplexy — a.  Cerebri, 
see  Apoplexy  —  a.  Cordis,  Ilscuiocardiorrhagia  — 
a.  Hepatiea,  Hepatorrhagia — a.  llydrocephalica, 
Hj'drocephalus  internus^a.  Interarachnoidealis, 
Apoplexj',  meningeal — a.  Intermeningealis,  Apo- 
plexy, meningeal — a.  Medullaris,  Apoplexiamye- 
litica — a.  Meningrea,  Apoplexy,  meningeal. 

Apoplexia  Myelit'ica,  a.  J/e(liiUa'ri8  seu 
Spina' Us  seu  Rachin' lis,Haimor' thaehis,  Mijelor- 
)-hay"ia,  Myehtpople.x'ia,  (F.)  Apoplexie  de  la 
Moelle  epiniere,  Jlemorrliagie  de  la  Jlitelle  epi- 
ni&re,  Heinato-mi/elie,  Heinu-myelon-Iia/jie,  Heina- 
torrhackie.  Hemorrhage  into  the  spinal  mar- 
row. 

Apoplexia  Nervosa,  Apoplexy,  nervous  —  a. 
Nervosa  traumatica,  Concussion  of  the  brain — a. 
Oculi  Htemophthalmia  —  a.  Pituitosa,  see  Apo- 
plexy— a.  Pulmonalis,  see  Haemoptysis— a.  Pul- 
monum,  see  Hi«moptysis — a.  Renalis,  Apoplexy, 
renal — a.  Raehialis,  A.  myelitica^a.  Sanguinea, 
see  Apoplexy — a.  Serosa,  see  Apoplexy— a.  Sim- 
plex, Apoplexy,  nervous  —  a.  Spasmodica,  Apo- 
plexy, nervous — a.  Spinalis,  Apoplexia  myelitica 
— a.  Temulcnta,  see  Temulentia. 

APOPLEXIE  CAPILLAIEE,  Mollities  cere- 
bri—  a.  Cerebiale,  Apoplexy,  Hemorrhayie  cere- 
brale — a.  da  Cmur,  Hasmocardiorrhagia. 

APOPLEXIE  FOUDROYANTE,  'Thun- 
dering Apoplexy.'  A  form  of  apoplexy,  which 
is  intense  and  rapidly  fatal. 

APOPLEXIE  MENINGEE,  Apoplexy,  me- 
ningeal—  a.  de  la  Iloelle  Epinih-e,  Apoplexy, 
spinal. 

AP'OPLEXY,  Apoplex'ia,  (Sc.)  Poplesy,  from 
aroi:\riTTtiv,  'to  strike  with  violence.'  At  the  pre- 
sent day,  the  term  apoplexy  is  employed  by  many 
writers  to  signify  interstitial  hemorrhage,  (F.)  IIc- 
viorrharjie  interstitielle,  or  every  effusion  of  blood, 
which  occurs  suddenly  into  the  substance  of  an 
organ  or  tissue.  Hence,  we  speak  of  cerebral 
apoplexy,  pulmonary  apoplexy,  &c.  &c.  For- 
merlj'  it  was  always  —  and  still  is  by  many  — 
used  in  a  restricted  sense,  to  signify,  in  other 
words,  the  train  of  phenomena,  which  charac- 
terize cerebral  apoplexy.  This  disease,  Hmmor- 
rha'gia  Cer'ebri,  Aphro'nia,  Cams  Ajioplex'ia, 
Coma  Apoplex'ia,  Apoplex'ia  cer'ebri  sanguin'ea 
seu  cerebra'lis,  Encephalorrhng"ia,  San'guinis 
ictus,  Hamatenceph' alum,  Pulpez'ia,  Sidera'tio, 
Apileps' ia,  3Iorbus  atton' itns,  Gutta,  TUeophle'gia, 
Theoplex'ia,  (F.)  Apoplexie,  A.  cerebrale,  Hema- 
toencephalie,  Coujy  de  sang,  is  characterized  by 
diminution,  or  loss  of  sensation  and  mental  ma- 
nifestation ;  by  the  cessation,  more  or  less  com- 
plete, of  motion  ;  and  by  a  comatose  state, — cir- 
culation and  respiration  continuing.  It  generally 
consists  in  pressure  upon  the  brain ;  either  from 
turgescence  of  vessels,  or  from  extravasation  of 
blood  :  hence  the  terras  HcEmenccph'alus,  Hemor- 
rhagic cerebrale,  and  Hemoencephalorrhagie,  ap- 
plied to  it  by  some.  The  general  prognosis  is 
unfavourable;  especially  when  it  occurs  after  the 
age  of  35.  When  Apoplexy  is  accompanied  with 
a  hard,  full  pulse,  and  flushed  countenance,  it  is 
caWed  Apoplex'ia  sanguin'ea,  Cataph'ora  Coma; 
when  with  a  feeble  pulse  and  pnle  countenance, 
and  evidences  of  serous  effusion,  Apoplex'ia  se- 
ro'sa,  A.  pitnito'sa,  Serous  Apoplexy,  Cataph'ora 
hydrocephaV ica,  Encephaloch'ysis  seni'lis,  Ilydro- 
ceph'alus    acu'tus    senum,    Hydroenccphnlorrhec, 


(Piorry,)  Uydropisie  cerebrale  snraiguc,  Ilydror- 
rhagie. 

In  Nervous  Apoplexy,  Apoplex'ia  nervo'sa  seu 
spasmod'ica,  A.  simplex,  Simple  ajioplexy,  no  le- 
sion whatever  may  be  perceptible  on  dissection  ; 
although  the  p.atient  may  have  died  under  all  the 
phenomena  that  are  characteristic  of  apoplexy. 

Apoplexy,  Heat,  see  Coup-de-Soleil  —  a.  of 
the  Heart,  Hcemocardiorrhagia. 

Apoplexy,  Meninge'al,  Apoplex'ia  menin- 
gm'a  seu  intermeningea' lis  sen  interarachno'idea'- 
lis,  (F.)  Apoplexie  mSning^e,  Ilemorrhugie  m6- 
ningee.  Hemorrhage  from  the  meninges  of  the 
brain  or  spinal  marrow,  generally  into  the  great 
cavity  of  the  arachnoid. 

Apoplexy,  Nervoi'S,  see  Apoplexy  —  a.  Pul- 
mon.ary,  see  Hasmoptysis — a.  Simple,  A.  Nervous. 

Apoplexy,  Renal,  Apoplex'ia  rena'lis.  A 
condition  of  the  kidney,  characterized  by  knotty, 
irregular,  tuberculated  eminences,  some  of  a  deep 
black  colour.  Effusion  of  blood  into  the  substance 
of  the  kidney. 

Apoplexy,  Serous,  see  Apoplexy — a.  Spinal, 
Apoplexia  myelitica. 

APOPNEUSIS,  Exhalatio. 

APOPNIXIS,  Suffocation. 

APOPNOE,  Exspiratio. 

APOPNCEA,  Exspiratio. 

APOPSYCniA,  Syncope. 

APOPTO'SIS,  from  ajroiiTrrco,  'I  fall  down.' 
A  relaxation  of  bandages. — Erotian. 

APORRHOE,  Aporrhoea. 

APORRlIffi'A,  Apor'rhoe,  Apior'rhysis,  Dejlu'- 
vium,  from  anopfietj),  'I  flow  from.'  An  emana- 
tion, effluvium,  contagion. — Moschion.  A  falling 
off  of  the  hair,  according  to  some. 

APORRHYSIS,  Aporrhoea. 

APOSCEM'MA,  Aposcep'sis,  from  azoaKtzoi, 
'I  lie  down,  I  direct  mj'self  towards.'  Afflux  of 
fluids  towards  a  part.  Metastasis.  The  first 
word  has  been  applied  to  the  excrements. — Hip- 
pocrates, Galen. 

APOSCENOSIS,  Apocenosis. 

APOSCEPARNIS'MUS,  Bcnscia'tio,  from  airo 
and  oKt-Kapvov,  'a  hatchet.'  Wound  of  the  cra- 
nium, by  a  cutting  instrument,  in  which  a  piece 
of  the  bone  has  been  cut  out,  as  with  a  hatchet. 
— Gorrreus. 

APOSCEPSTS,  Aposcemm.a. 
"  APOS'CHASIS,  Aposchas'mus,  from  oToirx^a^u), 
'I  scarify.'  Scarijiea'tion.  A  slight  superficial  in- 
cision in  the  skin.     Also,  blood-letting. — Hippoc. 

APOS'IA,  Sit  is  defec'tus,  from  a,  privative, 
and  voats,  '  drink.'  Want  of  thirst,  absence  of 
desire  for  liquids. 

APOSI'TIA,  from  ojTo, 'from,' and  ctitoj, 'food.' 
Aversion  for  food. — Galen.     See  Disgust. 

APOSIT'IC,  j4/)&«/j'iicH«/  the  same  etymology. 
Any  substance  which  destroys  the  appetite,  or 
suspends  hunger. 

APOSPAS'MA,  from  an-otrn-uw,  'I  tear  or  lace- 
rate. (F.)  Arrachement.  A  solution  of  continu- 
ity, especially  of  a  ligament;  lihegma  ligamcn- 
tu're,  Laceru'tio  llgamenta'ria. 

APOSPHACEL'ISIS,  Ajwsphacelis'mus,  from 
oTto,  and  a(j)aK€Xos,  '  mortification.'  Gangrene  in 
wounds  and  fractures,  owing  to  the  bandages 
being  too  tight.— Hippocrates. 

APOSPHINX'IS,aTo<r0tyfij,  constriction,  com- 
pression. The  action  of  a  tight  bandage.— Hip- 
pocrates. 

APOSPONGIS'MUS,  the  act  of  sponging  for 
any  purpose.— Gorraeus. 


APOSTAIiAG'MA,  Apostag'ma,  from  otto, 
'from,'  and  (rraAa^u,  '  I  drop.'  The  ancient  name 
for  the  saccharine  licjuor  which  flows  from  "-rapes 
when  not  yet  pressed.  ° 

APOS'TASIS,  from  otto,  and  larrjin,  •  J  stop.' 


APOSTAXIS 


8  1    APPAREILS   DE   FORMATION 


The  ancients  had  different  significations  for  this 
word.  It  was  most  commonly  used  for  an  ab- 
scess. Thc'separiUion  of  a  fragment  of  bone  by 
fracture.  Removal  of  disease  by  some  excre- 
tion, &c. 

APOSTAX'IS,  from  a-noaraiu,  '  I  distil  from.' 
Staxls.  The  defluxion  of  any  humour,  as  of 
blood  from  the  none. — Hippocrates. 

APOSTK'MA,  from  a:io,  'from,'  and  larvin,  '1 
settle,'  or  from  a^iarr^jti,  '  I  recede  from.'  This 
word  is  used  liy  the  ancients  somewhat  vaguely. 
It  meant  an  ntfection  in  which  parts,  previously 
in  contact,  are  separated  from  each  other  by  a 
fluid  collected  between  them.  The  moderns  re- 
gard it  as  synonymous  with  AI/scchs.  Some,  even 
of  the  moderns,  have  applied  it  to  any  watery 
tumour,  and  even  to  tumours  in  general. 

Apostkma  Ckrkbri,  Encei)halopyosis — a.  Em- 
pyema, Empyema— a.  Parulis,  Parulis— a.  Pha- 
langum,  Fonrche — a.  Psoaticum,  Lumbar  abscess. 

APOSTEMACION,  Abscess. 

APOSTERIG'MA,  from  aTOffTT/pi^ui,  'I  sup- 
port.' Anything  that  supports  a  diseased  part, 
as  a  cushion,  a  pillow,  Ac. — Galen.  A  deep- 
seated  and  inveterate  disease  of  the  intestines. — 
Ilippocratef. 

APOS'TllIA,  Leipoder'mia,  from  a,  privative, 
and  ToaOin,  '  (ircpuce.'     Want  of  prepuce. 

APOSTIIUMl'l,  Abscess. 

APOSrOLE,  Extractum. 

APOSTOLO'llUM  UNGUEN'TUM,  Bodeca- 
phar'nidcinn,  Ointment  of  the  Aponfles.  So  called, 
because  as  many  solid  ingredients  entered  into 
its  composition  as  there  were  apostles.  It  con- 
tained several  resins  and  gum-resins,  yellow  wax, 
oil,  vinegar,  verdigris,  &c.,  and  was  formerly  em- 
ployed as  a  vulncniryj 

APOS'TUOPIIE,  from  airo,  and  aTC[<pu,  '1 
turn.'  An  aversion  or  disgust  for  food. — Paulus. 
Also,  the  direction  of  humours  towards  other 
parts. 

APOSYRMA.  Abrasion,  Desquamation. 

APOTELES'MA,  from  a-rro,  and  TcXcafjm,  'com- 
pletion.' The  result  or  termination  of  a  disease. 
See,  also,  Amuletum. 

APOTIIANASIA,  see  Death. 

APOT  HE' G  A,  I'hnnnnce'tim,Phrtrmacnpo' Hum, 
from  oTo,  and  rtOn/jit,  'to  place.'  Any  place  where 
things  are  kept,  and  therefore  'a  shop,'  and  par- 
ticularly a  wine  cellar.  A  place  or  vessel  wherein 
medicines  are  kept.     See  Pharmacopolium. 

APOTHECARIES'  HALL.  The  Hall  of  the 
Corporation  or  Society  of  Apothecaries  of  Lon- 
don, where  medicines  are  prepared  and  sold 
under  their  direction,  &o.  This  Company  ob- 
tained a  charter  of  incorporation  in  the  15th  j'ear 
of  James  the  First.  No  general  practitioner  can 
establish  himself  in  England  or  Wales,  witfinut 
having  obtained  a  license  from  the  Court  of  Ex- 
aminers of  the  Company. 

APOTH'ECARY,  Apotheca'rius,  Dispensa'tnr, 
Pharmneiipo'ta,  J'hantiacopai'iin,  Pluirma'cexis, 
Pharmrneii'td,  Pif/mentn'rhm,  Rhizot'nmitii,  My- 
ropo'lex,  Mi/ropo  Inn,  Pharmacter,  Pharmncur'- 
giciia,  Phnrmacur'ipia,  Pharmacen'tist,  same  deri- 
vation, (Prov.)  J'ot'ecari/,  (Sc.)  Pottlngar,  (F.) 
Apothicaire,  Phoniiacieii,  Phnrmacopo/e.  In 
every  country  except  Great  Britain,  it  means  one 
who  sells  drugs,  makes  up  proscriptions,  <fec.  In 
addition  to  these  offices,  which,  indeed,  they 
rarely  exercise,  except  in  the  case  of  their  own 
patients,  the  Apothecaries  in  England  form  a 
privileged  class  of  practitioners  —  a  kind  of  sub- 
physician.     See  Surgeon-apothecary. 

APOTHERAPKl'A,  Apotheropl'n,  ApotTiern- 
pen'sis,  from  imo^ipaircxmy  (a-ao  and  OcpaKtvw.)  'I 
cure.'  A  perfect  euro. — Hippoe.  In  the  ancient 
Gymnastic?,  it  meant  the  last  part  of  the  exer- 

(jigeg  : the  friction,  inunction,  and  bathing,  for 

C 


the  purpose  of  obviating  fatigue,  or  curing  dis- 
ease.—  (Jalcn.  Gorraeus. 

APOTHERAPEUSIS,  Apotherapeia. 

APOTHER'MUM,  from  airo,  and  ^tp^..;,  'heat.' 
A  pickle  made  of  mustard,  oil,  and  vinegar. — 
Galen. 

APOTII'ESIS,  from  a-nori^vft,  'I  replace.' 
The  position  proper  to  be  given  to  a  fractured 
limb,  after  reduction. 

APOTHTCAIRE,  Apothecary. 

APOTHICAIRERIE  (F.),  from  avoOr,K„,  'a 
warehouse,  shop.'  The  same  as  Apotheca;  also, 
a  gallipot.     See  Pharmacopolium. 

APOTHLIM'.MA,  from  a-ro,  and  5Ai/?<.),  'I 
press  from.'  Anciently,  the  dregs,  and  some- 
times the  expressed  juice,  Succus  expree'sus,  of 
plants. — Gorra?us. 

APOTHRAU'SIS,  from  a7ro5pa«o),  'I  break.' 
Fracture  of  a  bone,  with  spicula  remaining.  Ex- 
traction of  a  spiculum  of  bone. — Gorrajus.  Also, 
Abscission. 

APOTILMOS,  Evulsion. 

APOT'OKOS,  from  a-ro,  and  ti/ctui,  'I  bring 
forth.'     An  abortive  foetus. — Hippocrates. 

APOTOME,  Amputation. 

APOTOMIA,  Amputation. 

APOTROPiEUxM,  Amuletum. 

APOTROPE,  Aversion.  Also,  deviation — as 
of  a  limb — /'(irat'rape. 

APOXYSMUS,  Abrasion. 

A POZEM,  Decoction. 

APOZESIS,  Decoction. 

APPARA'TUS,  Paranceic'e,  from  ad  and  pa- 
rare,  '  to  prepare.'  This  word  signifies  a  collec- 
tion of  instruments,  &c.,  for  any  operation  what- 
ever.    (F.)  Apparell. 

In  Surgery,  it  means  the  methodical  arrange- 
ment of  all  the  instruments  and  objects  necessary 
for  an  operation  or  dressing.  By  extension,  the 
French  give  the  name  Apjmrcil,  Capua  cliirur'- 
gica,  to  the  case  or  drawers  in  which  the  appara- 
tus is  arranged. 

Apparatus  has  likewise  been  applied  to  the 
different  modes  of  operating  for  the  stone.  See 
Lithotomy. 

In  Plit/siolofji/,  Apparatus,  (F.)  Appareil,  is  ap- 
plied to  a  collection  of  organs,  all  of  which  work 
towards  the  same  end.  A  si/xtem  of  orc/avs  com- 
prehends all  those  formed  of  a  similar  texture. 
An  apparatus  often  comprehends  organs  of  very 
different  nature.  In  the  foryiier,  there  is  analogy 
of  structure;  in  the  latter,  analogy  of  function. 

Apparatus  Altus,  see  Lithotomy. 

Apparatus  Immov'able  (F.),  Appareil  immo- 
bile, Immovable  Bandage,  Permanent  Bandage. 
An  apparatus  for  fractures,  which  is  generally 
formed  by  wetting  the  bandages  in  some  sub- 
stance, as  starch  or  dextrin,  which  becomes  solid, 
and  retains  the  parts  in  situ. 

Apparatus  Latkralis,  see  Lithotomy  —  a. 
Major,  see  Lithotomy — a.  Minor,  see  Lithotomj'. 

APPAREIL,  Apparatus,  Boitier  —  a.  iJinp- 
nofjene,  see  Perspiration  —  a.  Grand,  see  Litho- 
tomy—  a.  Ilaut,  see  Lithotomy  —  a.  Immobile, 
Apparatus,  immovable — a.  Lacrimal,  see  Lachry- 
mal passages  —  a.  Lateralise,  see  Lithotomy  —  ". 
Nevrotltcle,  see  Nevrotlille  —  a.  Petit,  see  Litho- 
tomy— a.  Pigmental,  Pigmental  apparatus. 

APPAREILS  DE  FORMATION  (F.).  Gall 
admits,  in  the  brain,  two  kinds  of  fibres;  the 
one,  divergent,  proceeding  from  the  cerebral 
peduncles  to  the  convolutions,  and  constituting 
what  he  calls  apparcih  de  formation :  the  other, 
convergent,  and  proceeding  from  the  convolutions 
to  the  centre  of  the  organ,  constituting  what  he 
calls  appareils  de  reunion.  The  frst,  as  a  whole, 
form  the  organs  of  the  mental  faculties;  the  latter 
arc  commissures,  which  unite  parts  of  the  organ 
that  are  doable  and  in  pairs. 


APPAUVRI 


APYROMELE 


APPAUVRI,  Impoverished. 

APPENDICE,  Appendix  —  a.  CcRcal,  Appen- 
dix vcrmiformis  cseci — a.  Digital,  Appendix  ver- 
miformis  ctcci  —  a.  Sous-sternale,  Xiphoid  carti- 
lage—  a.  Siis-sphcno'idale  dtt  cerveait,  Pituitary 
gland — a.  Xiphoide,  Xiphoid  cartilage. 

AppF.xnicRS  CoLi  Adipos.b,  Appendiculae  epi- 
ploicae — a.  Epipldiques,  Appendicula;  epiploicae. 

APPENDICULA  CEREBRI,  Pituitary  gland 
—  a.  Vcrmiformis  caeci,  see  Appendix  —  a.  Epi- 
ploica,  Epiploic  .oppendage. 

APPENDIC'ULvE  PINGUEDINO'SiE,  A. 
Epiplii'iceB,  Epip'loic  append'ages,  Appen'dices 
coli  adipo'HCB,  Fim'bricB  canio'xcB  coli,  Suppleiin^n'- 
ta  epiplo'icn,  Onicn'tuln,  (F.)  Appendicen  Epi^ 
ploiques.  Prolongations  of  the  peritoneum  be- 
yond the  surface  of  the  great  intestine,  which 
are  analogous  in  texture  and  arrangement  to 
omenta. 

APPEN'DIX,  Epipli'ysis,  from  oppendere,  (ad 
and  pendere,  '  to  hang,')  '  to  hang  from.'  Any 
part  that  adheres  to  an  organ  or  is  continuous 
■with  it : — seeming  as  if  added  to  it.  An  append- 
age ;  an  apophysis,  (F.)  Appendice,  A)iHexe. 

Appendix  Auricula,  see  Auricles  of  the 
Heart — a.  Cerebri,  Pituitary  gland  —  a.  ad  Cere- 
brum, Cerebellum  —  a.  Cutanea  Septi  Narium, 
Statica  Septi  Narium — a.  to  the  Epididymis,  Vas- 
culum  aberrans^a.  Ventriculi,  Duodenum. 

Appendix  Vermifou'mis,  Appendic'ula  Ver- 
mifor' min  Cce'ci,  Tnhiis  Verrnicida'ris  CcBci,  Ev'- 
phyaa,  Additamen'tum  Coli,  Appen'dix  Caci,  (F.) 
Appendice  vermiforme,  A.  cmcal  ou  digital.  A 
vermicular  process,  the  size  of  a  goose-quill, 
which  hangs  from  the  intestine  ccecum.  Its 
functions  are  unknown. 

Appendix  Vesicae,  see  Bladder,  sacculated. 

APPENSIO.  see  Analeptia. 

AP'PETENCE,  Appeten'tia,  from  ajypetere,  {ad 
and  petere,)  'to  desire.'  An  ardent,  passionate 
desire  for  any  object. 

AFPETT'r,  PERTEjy,  Anorexia. 

AP'PETITE,  Appeti'tus,  Appeten'tia,  Appcti"- 
tia,  (ad  and  petere,)  'to  seek,'  Ciipi'do,  Orex'is, 
Orme  :  same  etymology  as  the  last.  An  internal 
sensation,  which  warns  us  of  the  necessity  of  ex- 
erting certain  functions,  especially  those  of  diges- 
tion and  generation.  In  the  latter  case  it  is  called 
venereal  appetite,  (F.)  Appetit  venerien:  in  the 
former,  simply  appetite,  (F.)  Appetit  ou  Appeti- 
tinn.  If  the  desire  for  food,  occasioned  by  a  real 
want,  be  carried  to  a  certain  extent,  it  is  called 
hunger,  when  solid  food  is  concerned ;  thirst,  when 
liquid.  Appetite  and  hunger  ought  not,  how- 
ever, to  be  employed  synonymously:  they  are 
different  degrees  of  the  same  want.  Hunger  is 
an  imperious  desire  :  it  cannot  be  provoke-d,  like 
the  appetite.  It  is  always  allayed  by  eating  :  but 
not  so  the  appetite;  for,  at  times,  it  may  be  ex- 
sited  in  this  manner.  They  are  very  generally, 
however,  used  synonymously. 

Appetite,  Morbid,  Limosis. 

Ap'petite,  Vene'real,  Venereal  desire,  (F.) 
Le  genesiqne.  Amour  physique,  Sens  genital.  The 
instinctive  feeling  that  attracts  the  sexes  towards 
each  other  to  effect  the  work  of  reproduction. 

APPETITUS  CANINUS,  Boulimia— a.  Defi- 
ciens,  Dvsorexia. 

APPLE,  ADAM'S,  Pomum  Adami— a.  Bitter, 
Cncumis  colocynthis  —  a.  Curassoa,  Aurantium 
curassaventium — a.  Dead  Sea,  see  Quercus  infec- 
toria — a.  Eye,  see  Melon — a.  of  the  Eye,  Pupil 
— a.  Mad,  see  Quercus  infeotoria — a.  May,  Podo- 
phyllum peltatum  —  a.  of  Peru,  Datura  stramo- 
nium— a.  Root,  Euphorbia  corollata — a.  of  Sodom, 
see  Quercus  infectoria. 

Apple  Tea,  Apple  water.  Slice  two  large,  not 
over-ripe  apjyles,  and  pour  over  a  pint  of  boiling 


water.     After  an  hour,  pour  off  the  fluid,  and,  if 
necessary,  sweeten  with  sugar. 

Apple  Trke,  Pyrus  malus. 

APPLICA'TA,  from  applicare,  (ad and  plicare, 
'to  fold,')  'to  ai)ply.'  A  word,  unnecessarily  in- 
troduced into  medical  language,  to  express  the 
objects  which  are  applied  immediately  to  the  sur- 
face of  the  body,  as  clothes,  cosmetics,  baths,  A'c. 
—Halle-. 

APPLICA'TION,  Applica'tio,  (same  etymon,) 
in  a  moral  signification,  is  synonymous  with  at- 
tention. Also,  the  act  of  applying  one  thing  to 
another;  as  the  application  of  an  apparatus,  of 
a  bandage,  blister,  Ac. 

APPREHEN'SIO,  from  ad  and  prchenderc, 
'to  take.'  This  word  is  employed  in  various 
senses.  It  means  catalepsy  or  catoche.  —  Paul 
Zacchias.  A  kind  of  bandage  for  securing  auy 
part.     Also,  a  therapeutical  indication. 

APP ROCHE.  Coition. 

APPROXIMA'TION,  Approxima'tio,  from  ad 
and  proximus,  'nearest.'  Ettmuller  gave  this 
name  to  a  pretended  method  of  curing  disease, 
by  making  it  pass  from  man  into  some  animal  or 
vegetable,  by  the  aid  of  immediate  contact. 

APRAC'TA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  Tfiaaaui,  'I  act.' 
Without  action.  An  epithet  for  the  parts  of  ge- 
neration, when  unfit  for  copulation  or  generatiun. 

APRICATIO,  Insolation. 

APRICOT,  Prunus  Armeniaca. 

APROCTUS,  see  Atretus. 

APRONIA,  Tamus  communis. 

APROSO'PIA,  Triocephal'ia,  from  a,  priv., 
and  irpoo-wTTof,  'the  face.'  A  malformation,  whicli 
consists  in  the  face  being  deficient. 

APROSOPUS.  Mieroprosopus. 

APSINTHIA'TUM,  from  a^^iv^wv,  'worm- 
wood.' A  sort  of  drink  made  of  wormwowl, 
— Aetius. 

APSINTHITES,  Absinthites. 

APSYCHIA,  Syncope. 

APSYCHISME,  Idiotism. 

APSYCHY,  Syncope. 

APSYXIA,  Syncope. 

APTHiE,  Aphtha-. 

APTYS'TOS,  from  a,  priv.,  and  rruo),  '  I  spit,' 
Devoid  of  expectoration.  An  epithet  given  U 
certain  pleurisies,  in  which  there  is  no  expectora- 
tion.— Hippocrates. 

APUS,  see  Apodia. 

APY'ETOS,  from  a,  priv.,  and  ttvov,  'pus.'  An 
external  affection,  which  does  not  end  in  suppu- 
ration. 

APYIQUE,Ax>yros. 

A'PYOS,  from  a,  priv.,  and  -kvov,  'pus.'  (F.) 
Apyiqne.     That  which  does  not  afford  pus. 

APYRECTIC,  Apyretic. 

APYRENOMELE,  Apyromele. 

APYRET'IC,  Ajnjret'icus,  Apyvec'tie,  Apyrec'- 
ticus,  Ajn/r'etus,  from  a,  priv.,  and  Trup,  'fire, 
fever.'  Without  fever.  This  epithet  is  given  tu 
days  in  which  there  is  no  paroxysm  of  a  disease, 
as  in  the  case  of  an  intermittent,  as  well  as  to 
some  local  affections  which  do  not  induce  fever. 
Urticaria  is  sometimes  called  an  apyretie  exim- 
them.  ■'  "^ 

APYREX'IA,  A'pyrexy.  The  same  etymol()'_'v. 
Absence  of  fever;  Binlem'ma,  Dialelp'sis,  l)i'>- 
lip'sis,  Temjvia  intercala're,  Interval' Inm,  Intcr- 
mis'sio.  Apyrexia  is  the  condition  of  an  inter- 
mittent fever  between  the  paroxysms :  the  dnrn- 
tion  of  the  apyrexia  consequently  depend.s 
the  type  of  the  intermittent.  Occasionally,  the 
term  has  been  applied  to  the  cessation  of  the 
tebrilo  condition  in  acute  diseases. 

APYROME'LE,  Apyrenome'le,  from  a,  priv,, 
r.xjpr,v,  'a  nut,'  and  iir,X^,  'a  sound.'  A  sound  or 
probe,  without  a  button  or  nut.    It  is  the  JAA/d*, 


AQUA 


83 


AQUA   SALUBRIS 


S!pecil'lui,i  auricula' nam  or  Auricular  sound  of 
(jtiilcn. 

AQUA,  Urine,  Water  — a.  Acidi  carbonici, 
Acidulous  water  — a.  Acidula  hydrosulphurata, 
Naples  water  (factitious) —  a.  Aeris  fixi.  Acidu- 
lous water  (simple)  — a.  Alkalina  oxymuriatica, 
tail  de  Javelle  —  a.  Aluminis  composita,  Liquor 
aluininis  coinpositus— a.  Aluminosa  Batoana,  Li- 
quor ahuuinis  compositus— a.  Ammonia;,  Liquor 
ainmoniaa— a.  Acetatis  ammoniao,  Liciuor  ammo- 
nioo  acetatis  —  a.  Ammoniaa  carbonatis,  Liquor 
ainnioniaj  subcarbonatis  —  a.  Ammonia)  caustica. 
Liquor  ammonia;- a.  Amnii,  Liquor  Amnii. 

AyuA  Amyguala'uum  Concentra'ta,  A.  amy- 
dolu'rum  umiiru'rum,  (F.)  Eaud' Amaudes  ameres, 
Water  of  hitter  almonds.  Made  by  bruising  well 
tvyo  pounds  of  bitter  almonds;  adding,  whilst 
triturating,  ten  pounds  of  spring  water,  and  four 
pounds  of  alcohol;  letting  the  mixture  rest  in  a 
well-closed  vessel,  and  then  distilling  two  pounds. 
Used  instead  of  the  Aqua  Laurocerasi,  and  the 
Hydrocyanic  acid.  It  must  be  given  with  great 
caution. 

An  A<pia  amijg'dalcs  ama'rm,  Bitter  Almond 
xcater,  has  been  introduced  into  the  last  edition 
of  the  Ph.  U.  S.,  1861,  {01.  amygdal.  amar. 
n^xvj;  Mnfjnes.  Carbon.^];  ylryiice  Oij.)  Dose, 
f  3ss. 

Aqua  Anethi,  see  Anethum  graveolens  —  a. 
Anisi,  see  Pimpinella  anisum  —  a.  Anisi  Fortis, 
Spiritus  anisi  — a.  Aquisgranensis,  see  Aix-la- 
Chapelle  —  a.  Auditoria,  Cotunnius,  Liquor  of — 
a.  Aurantii,  see  Cit^is  aurantium  —  a.  Axotica 
oxygenata.  Aqua  nitrogcnii  protoxydi — a.  Balsa- 
mica  arterialis,  Aqua  Bincllii — a.  Bareginensis, 
Bareges  water  —  a.  Baryta;  Muriatis,  see  Baryta, 
muriate  of — a.  Bellilucana,  Balaruc  waters  —  a. 
Benedicta,  Liquor  calcis  —  a.  Benedicta  compo- 
sita,  Liijuor  cjilcis  coinpositus — a.  Benedicta  Ru- 
landi,  Vinum  antimonii  tartarizati. 

Aqua  Bixkl'lh,  Acqua  Binelli,  Aqua  Balaam'- 
ica  arteria'lia,  Binelli's  styptic,  (F.)  Eau  de  Bi- 
nelli. A  celebrated  Italian  hemostatic,  invented 
by  one  Binelli.  Its  composition  is  unknown,  but 
its  virtues  have  been  ascribed  to  creasote ;  al- 
though there  is  reason  for  believing  it  to  possess 
no  more  activity  than  cold  water.  Aqua  Monte- 
rossi,  (F.)  Eau  de  Monterosai,  appears  to  be  of 
analogous  composition. 

Aqua  Borvonensis,  Bourbonne-les-Baines, 
mineral  waters  of — a.  Bristoliensis,  Bristol  water. 

Aqua  BuocCHir/nn,  Acqua  Brocchieri,  Broc- 
chieri  or  Brocchiari  leater,  Brocchieri's  styptic, 
(F.)  Eau  de  Brocchieri,  Eau  atyptique  de  Broc- 
chieri, A  supposed  styptic,  which  made  much 
noise  at  Paris  at  one  time.  It  is  devoid  of  effi- 
cacy. Dr.  Paris  found  nothing  in  it  but  water 
perfumed  by  some  vegetable  essence. 

Aqua  Cai.cari.e  ust^,  Liquor  calcis — a.  Cal- 
cis, Liquor  Calcis — a.  Calcis  composita,  Liquc/r 
calcis  compositus  —  a.  Cauiphora;,  Mistura  cam- 
phoree — a.  Camphorata,  Bates's,  see  Cupri  sulphas 
— a.  Carbonatis  sodiB  acidula.  Acidulous  water, 
simple  —  a.  Cnrui,  see  Carum  Carui  —  a.  Cassiae, 
^ee  Laurus  cassia — a.  Catapultarum,  jlrgxeiusac/e, 
eau  d'—ii.  Chlorini,  see  Chlorine. 

Aqita  Ci.nnamo'mi,  Cinnamon  water,  (Sc.) 
Canncl  water.  Distilled  water  of  Cinnamon  Bark. 
Prepared  also  in  the  following  manner.  01.  Cin- 
ii'im.  f.^ss;  Maipus.  Carbon.^};  Aq.  destillat. 
Oij.  Rub  the  oil  and  carbonate  of  miignesia; 
add  the  water  gradually,  and  filter.     (Ph.  U.  S.) 

AQtTA  CiN>fAMOMi  FouTis,  Spiritus  Cinnamomi 
a.  Colcestrensis,  Colchester,  mineral  waters  of. 

Aqua  Coi.oua'ta,  'coloured  water.'  A  name 
given  to  a  prescription  in  which  simple  coloured 
water  is  contained.  Used  in  hospital  eases,  more 
especially,  where  n  placebo  is  demanded. 

Aqua  "Cunn  Ammoniata,  Liquor  c.  a.— a.  Cu- 


pri vitriolati  composita,  Liquor  cupri  sulphatis 
composita — a.  inter  Cutem,  Anasarca — a.  Destil- 
lata,  Water,  distilled. 

Aqua  Fabro'rum,  'Water  of  Smiths.'  Waterin 
which  hot  iron  has  been  quenched.  A  feeblo 
chalybeate. 

Aqua  Flokum  Aurantii,  see  Citrus  aurantium 
— a.  Fluviatilis,  Water,  river. 

Aqua  Fcenic'uli,  Fennel  xcater.  The  distilled 
water  of  fennel  seed.  It  may  be  prepared  also 
like  the  aqua  cinnamomi. 

Aqua  Fo.mtana,  Water,  spring — a.  Fortis,  Ni- 
tric acid — a.  Goulardi,  Liquor  Plumbi  subaeetatis 
dilutus  —  a.  Hepatica,  Hydrosulphuretted  water 
—  a.  llordeata,  Decoctum  hordei  —  a.  Iiubrium, 
Water,  rain — a.  Infernalis,  see  Toddy — a.  Inter- 
cus,  Anasarca — a.  Inter  Cutem,  Anasarca  —  a. 
Juniperi  composita,  Spiritus  juniperi  compositus 
— a.  Kali,  Liquor  potassac  subcarbonatis — a.  Kali 
caustici,  Liquor  potassae — a.  Kiili  prajparati, 
Liquor  potassae  subcarbonatis  —  a.  Kali  puri. 
Liquor  potassae  —  a.  Kali  subcarbonatis,  Liquor 
potassae  subcarbonatis — a.  Labyrinthi,  Cotunnius, 
liquor  of — a.  Lactis,  Serum  lactis  —  a.  ex.  Lacu, 
Water,  lake— a.  Lauro-cera^i,  see  Prunus  Lauro- 
cerasus — a.  Lithargyri  acetati  composita.  Liquor 
plumbi  subaeetatis  dilutus  —  a.  Liicire,  Spiritus 
ammoniae  succinatus — a.  Marina,  Water,  sea — a. 
Medicata,  AVater,  mineral. 

Aqua  Mentha  Piperi't^,  Peppermint  Water. 
The  distilled  water  of  peppermint.  It  may  be 
prepared  like  the  aqua  cinnamomi. 

Aqua  Mentha  PirEiurini.s  Si-iRiTrosA,  Spi- 
ritus menthae  piperita- — a.  Menthic  pulegii,  see 
Mentha  pulegium — a.  Menth;u  viridis.  Spearmint 
water,  see  Aqua;  menthas  pipiritit' — a.  Mentha) 
vulgaris  spirituosa,  Spiritus  mentha;  viridis — a. 
Mineralis,  Water,  mineral — a.  Mirabilis,  Spiritus 
piraentae  —  a.  Jlonterossi,  see  Aqua  Binellii  —  a. 
Mulsa,  Ilydromeli  —  a.  Natri  Oxyniuriatiei,  Li- 
quor soda;  chlorinatse  —  a.  Neapolitana,  Naples 
water,  (factitious)  —  a.  Nephritica,  Spiritus  my- 
ristica. 

Aqua  Nitrogen'ii  Protox'vdi,  Protox'ide 
of  Ni'trogen  Water,  Aqua  azot'ica  oxyijena'ta, 
Searle'a  patent  oxyg"enous  aerated  tcatcr.  A  pa- 
tent solution  of  protoxide  of  nitrogen,  said  to 
contain  five  times  its  own  bulk  of  gas.  It  has 
been  recommended  as  a  nervine,  and  excitant  iu 
nervous  conditions,  dyspepsia,  &c.  It  has  also 
been  used  in  cholera,  and  to  counteract  the  evil 
consequences  of  drunkenness.  The  dose  is  f.^vj, 
or  ,^viii,  two  or  three  times  a  day;  or,  in  dys- 
pepsia, as  a  beverage  between  meals. 

Aqua  Nivata,  Water,  snow — a.  Nueis  inoscha- 
tas,  Spiritus  mj'ristica; — a.  Ophthalmica,  Liquor 
zinci  sulphatis  cum  camphor.a  —  a.  Paludosa., 
Water,  marsh — a.  Pedum,  Urine  — a.  Pericardii, 
see  Pericardium  —  a.  Phagedeniea,  see  Hj-drar- 
gyri  Oxymurias — a.  Picea,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — 
a.  Picis,  see  Pinus  sylvestris  —  a.  Pimcntfe.  see 
Myrtus  Piinenta  —  a.  Plumbi,  Liquor  Plumbi, 
subaeetatis  dilutus — a.  Pluvialis,  AVater,  rain — a. 
Potassa;,  Liquor  potassa; — a.  Pulegii.  see  Mentha 
pulegium — a.  Pulegii  spirituosa,  Spiritus  juilogii 
— a.  Putealis,  Water,  well — a.  ex  Puteo,  Water, 
well — a.  Rabelli,  Elixir  acidum  H.alleri — a.  Rajjh- 
ani  composita,  Spiritus  arinoracice  compositus — ■ 
a.  Regia,  Nitromuriatic  acid. 

Aqua  Ros.«,  Bone  Water,  Bhodostar/'ma,  (I'oa. 
centi/ol.  Ibviij  :  AqucB  cong.  ij.  M.  Distil  a  gallon 
—Ph.  U.  S.) 

Aqua  Salubris,  Water,  mineral — a.  Sambuci, 
see  Sambucus — a.  Sappharina,  Liquor  cu)>ri  am- 
moniata— a.  Saturni,  Liquor  plumbi  subaeetatis 
dilutus — a.  Selopetaria,  Arquthunade  eau  d' — a. 
Seminum  anisi  composita,  Spiritus  anisi— o.  Semi- 
num  carui  fortis,  Spiritus  carui — n.  Sodae  efl'erves- 
ceus.  Acidulous  water,  simple — a.  Sotcrin,  Water, 


AQUJ3   ACIDUL.E 


84 


AQUIPAROUS 


mineral — a.  Stygia,  Nitro-muriatic  acid — a.  Styp- 
tica,  Liquor  cupri  siilpiiatis  composita  —  a.  Sul- 
phurata  simplex,  Ilyilro.^ulphuretted  water — a. 
Sulphureti  ammonias,  Liquor  furaans  Boylii  —  a. 
Thcdiana,  Arqucbiisacle  can  d' — a.  Theriacalis 
Bozoardiea,  Chylosta^ma  diaphoreticum  Minde- 
reri  —  a.  Tofana,  Liquor  arseniealis  —  a.  Tosti 
panis.  Toast  water  — a.  Traumatica  Thedenii, 
Arquelnstide  cnu  (£'— a.  Vegeto-mineralis,  Liquor 
plumbi  subacetatis  dilutus  —  a.  Viciensis,  Vichy 
^vater  —  a.  Vitriolica  camphorata,  Liquor  zinci 
sulpbatis  cum  camphorS  —  a.  Vitriolica  cxrulea, 
Solutio  sulpbatis  cupri  composita — a.  Vulneraria, 
Arqwhiisaile  eau  d'  —  a.  Zinci  vitriolati  cum 
campbora.  Liquor  zinci  sulpbatis  cum  camphora. 
AQU.^  ACIDULiE,  Acidulous  waters— a. 
Badiguae,  Bath,  Mineral  waters  of— a.  Badizae, 
Batb,  Mineral  waters  of — a.  Batbonife,  Bath, 
Mineral  waters  of — a.  Buxtoniensis,  Buxton,  Mi- 
neral waters  of — a.  Calidse,  Aigi(es  caudes  —  a. 
Cantuarienses,  Canterbury,  waters  of — a.  Cbaly- 
beatas,  Waters,  mineral,  chalybeate. 

Aqu.e  Destili,a't>e,  Hi/drola'tn,  Distilled 
Waters,  (F.)  Hydrnlats.  These  are  made  by 
putting  vegetable  substances,  as  roses,  mint, 
pennyroyal,  &c.,  into  a  still  with  water,  and 
drawing  off  as  much  as  is  found  to  possess  the 
aromatic  properties  of  the  plant.  To  every  gallon 
of  the  distilled  water,  5  oz.  of  spirit  should  be 
added  to  preserve  it.  The  simple  distilled  waters 
are  sometimes  called  Aqnce,  stillatit"ia  sim'plices : 
th-e  spirituous,  A(]U(B  stillatit'ice  spiritiw' sm,  but 
more  commonly  Splr'itiis. 

Aqu.e  FEiiiiOSyK,  Waters,  mineral,  ehahybeate. 
Aqvx  Martiales,  Waters,  mineral,  chalybeate. 
AqUjG  Medica't^;,  3/edicated  waters  include,  in 
the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States,  prepara- 
tions consisting  of  waters  impregnated  with  some 
medicinal  substance,  which  are  not  arranged  in  any 
other  class.    Among  these  are  the  "  Waters,"  and 
"Distilled  waters"  of  the  British  pharmacopoeias. 
Aqu.e  Mutus,  Hydrophobia — a.  Minerales  aci- 
dulas — a.  Waters,  mineral,  gaseous — a.  Minerales 
ferruginosas,  Waters,  mineral,  chalybeate — a.  Mi- 
nerales sulpbureoB,  Waters,  mineral,  sulphureous 
— a.  Stillatitiaj,  Aquoe  destillatte — a.  Solis,  Bath, 
mineral  waters  of. 

AQU.EOUC'TUS,  Aq'iieditet,  from  aqua,  'wa- 
ter,'and  ducere,  ductitm,  'to  lead.'  (F.)  Aque- 
drtc.  Properly,  a  canal  for  conducting  water 
from  one  place  to  another.  Anatomists  have 
used  it  to  designate  certain  canals. 

Aqu^eductus  Cerebkt,  Infundibulum  of  the 
brain — a.  Cotunnii,  Aqureductus  vestibuli. 

Aqu.sduc'tus  Coch'lEjE,  (F.)  Aquedue  du  Li- 
nagon ;  —  a  very  narrow  canal  which  proceeds 
from  the  tympanic  scala  of  the  cochlea  to  the 
posterior  edge  of  the  pars  petrosa. 

AqUvEDUC'tuS  Fallo'pii,  Cana'lis  Fallo'pii, 
Canal  spiniide  de  I'os  temporal  of  Chaussier,  (F.) 
Aquedue  de  Fallope.  A  canal  in  the  pars  petro- 
sa of  the  temporal  bone,  which  extends  from  the 
meatus  auditorius  internus  to  the  foramen  stylo- 
mastoideum,  and  gives  passage  to  the  facial 
nerve.  The  opening  into  this  aqueduct  is  called 
JBia'tiis  Fallo'pii,  H.  Cana'lis  Fallo'pii,  Fissu'- 
ra  Cana'lis  Fallo'pii,  Fora'men  Tari'ni,  F. 
anon'yiuum  Ferreiu'ii. 

Aqu^educ'tus  Syl'vii,  Cana'lis  eminen'tim 
quadrigcm'incB,  Iter  ad  quartum  ventric' ulum  seu 
d  ter'tio  ad  quar'tum  i^entric'nlum,  Cana'lis  me'di- 
vs,  (F.)  Aquedue  de  Sylvius,  Canal  interinediare 
des  ventricuhs  of  Chaussier.  A  canal  forming  a 
communication  between  the  third  and  fourth 
ventricles  of  the  brain.  The  ventricular  opening 
is  termed  anus  cer'ehri. 

AqujEDUc'tus  Vestib'uli,  Aqumductits  Cotun'- 
nii,  Canal  of  Cutun'niHS,  (F.)  Aquedue  da  vestibule 
ou  Aquedue  de  Cotu(jno.     This  begins  in  the  ves- 


tibule, near  the  common  orifice  of  the  two  semi- 
circular canals,  and  opens  at  the  posterior  surface 
of  the  pars  petrosa. 

AQUALIC'ULUS.  from  aqualis,  'a  wat-er-pot.' 
That  part  of  the  abdomen  which  extends  from 
the  umbilicus  to  the  pubes.  See  Ilypogastrium. 
It  has  also  been  applied  to  the  stomach  or  intes- 
tinal canal. 

AQUAS'TER.  A  word  used,  by  Paracelsus, 
to  express  the  visions  or  hallucinations  of  pa- 
tients. 

AQUEDUC,  Aqueduct — a.  de  Cotugno,  Aqua?- 
ductus  vestibuli — a.  de  Fallope,  Aquaiductus  Fal- 
lopii  —  a.  du  Limagon,  Aquac-ductus  cochleae — q. 
de  Sylvius,  Aquajductus  Sylvii — a.  du  Vestibule, 
Aquseductus  vestibuli. 

AQUEDUCT,  Aquffiductus. 

A'QUEOUS,  A'queus,  Aquo'sus,  ffydato'dct. 
Hydro' des,  from  aqua,  'water,'  (F.)  Aqueiu; 
Watery.  The  absorbents  or  lymphatics  are 
sometimes  called,  in  France,  Conduits  ou  Canaux 
aqueux. 

Aqueous  Humour  of  the  Eye,  Humor  aqm'. 
sns,  Odei'des,  Oo'des,  Hydato'i'des,  Hydato'd'iS, 
Ova'tus  seu  Qvifor'mis  humour,  Albui/in'eous  hi- 
mour,  (F.)  Humenr  aqueuse.  The  limpid  fluid 
which  fills  the  two  chambers  of  the  eye,  from  the 
cornea  to  the  crystalline,  and  which  is,  conse- 
quently, in  contact  with  the  two  surfaces  of  the 
iris.  Quantity,  5  or  6  grains:  s.  g.  L0003.  It 
contains  albumen,  chloride  of  sodium,  and  phos- 
phate of  lime  in  small  quantity  ;  and  is  enveloped 
in  a  fine  membrane  : — the  membrane  of  the  aqueom 
humour,  Tunica  propria  seu  Vagi'na  seu  3Iem- 
bra'na  seu  Cap'sula  humo'ris  a'qxtei  seu  Mem- 
bra'na  Demuria'na  seu  Descemet'ii,  Membrane 
of  Demours  or  of  Descemet ;  although  these  last 
terms  are  by  some  appropriated  to  a  third  layer 
of  the  cornea. 

AQUEUS,  Aqueous. 

AQUIDUCA,  Hydragogues. 

AQUIFOLIUM,  Ilex  aqujfolium— a.  Foliis 
deciduis,  Prinos. 

AQUILA,  Hydrargyri  submurias.  Sulphur. 

The  alchymists  used  this  word  for  sublimed 
sal  ammoniac,  precipitated  mercury,  .arsenic,  sul- 
phur, and  the  philosopher's  stone.  See  Hydrar- 
gyri Submurias,  and  Sulphur. 

Aq'uila  Ccelest'is  ;  a  sort  of  panacea,  of 
which  mercury  was  a  constituent. 

Aq'uila  LACu'RYiHyE;  a  liquor  prepared  from 
several  ingredients,  especially  from  calomel. 

Aq'uila  PHiLosopiio'nuM.  The  alchymists, 
whose  terms  were  always  mysterious,  called  mer- 
cury thus,  when  reduced  to  its  original  form- 

Aq'uila  Ven'eris  ;  an  ancient  preparation, 
made  by  subliming  verdigris  and  sal  ammoniac. 

AQUILA  VEN^E,  Temporal  veins. 

AQUILE'GIA,  A.  vtdya'ris  seu  sylves'tris  seu 
Alpi'na,  Common  Colombine  or  Columbine,  (F.) 
Ancolie.  Order,  Ranunculaceae.  From  aquiln, 
'the  eagle,'  owing  to  some  fancied  resemblance  of 
the  spurs  to  talons.  The  seeds,  herb,  and  flowers 
were  formerly  used  in  jaundice  and  cutaneous 
diseases.  They  are  still  retained  in  many  of  the 
Pharmacopoeias  of  continental  Europe. 

Aquilegia  Alpina,  Aquilegia. 

Aquilegia  Canaden'sis,  Wild  Columbine,  i» 
indigenous,  and  flowers  in  April  and  June.  The 
seeds  .are  said  to  be  tonic. 

Aquilegia  Sylvestuis,  Aquilegia  —  a.  Vul- 
garis, Aquilegia. 

AQUILIC'IA  SAMBU'CINA,  from  aqua, 
'water,'  and  clicire,  'to  attract,'  because  it  grows 
in  moist  places.  [?]  An  East  Indian  plant,  the 
decoction  of  whose  root  is  used  in  indigestion  to 
allay  heartburn. 

AQUIP'AROUS,  (F.)  Aquipare,  from  aqua, 
'water,'  and  pario,  'I  bring  forth.'     An  epitb-t 


AQUO-CAPSULITIS 


ARANEOSUS 


for  glands  which,  like  the  parotid,  secrete  much 
water,  in  contradistinction  to  the  submaxillary 
glands,  which  arc  muciparouH. 

AQUO-CAPSUF^ITIS,  Afiuo-membranitis. 
A(lVA)-UV.M\n\.\'^l"nii,  Keraloiri'tiH,  Aqiw- 
cajjiiili'liH,  Jfi/</rniiieiiiuyi'tia.  Inflammation  of 
tiie  anterior  cliamber  of  the  ej'e.  A  badly  com- 
y)oundc'd  term,  denoting  inflammation  of  the  cap- 
Mile  or  membrane  of  the  a(|ucous  humour. 

AQUULA,  Ceratocele,  Hydatid,  llydroa  —  a. 
Acustica,  Cotunniu.«,  liquor  of. 

AguuLA  seu  Aqua  Mokgagnii.  The  minute 
portion  of  water  which  escapes  when  an  opening 
is  made  into  the  capsule  of  the  crystalline. 

AQUULA  VITKEA  AUDITIVA,  Vitnne  au- 
ditioe. 

AKA  PARVA,  a  small  altar; — a  kind  of  band- 
age invented  by  Sostratus,  which  represents  the 
corners  of  an  altar. — Galen. 

AR'AHR;  a  wound,  a  blow. — Erotian. 
AUAB'ICA  ANTID'OTUS  IIEPAT'ICA,  ^r'- 
rihlc  Ihjmt'ic  An'liclute.     A  powder  composed  of 
myrrh,  costus,  white  pepper,  &c.     It  was  admi- 
nistered in  new  wine. 

ARAB'ICUS  LAPIS.  A  sort  of  white  marble, 
analoj^ous  to  alabaster,  found  in  Arabia.  It  was 
regarded  as  absorbent  and  desiccative,  and  was 
employed  in  hemorrhoids. 

ARAB  IS  BARB  AREA,  Erysimum  barbarca. 
AR'ABIS  MALAG'MA.  An  antiscrofulous 
riiedicine,  composed  of  myrrh,  olibanum,  wax, 
sal  ammoniac,  iron  pyrites,  etc. — Celsus. 
ARABISTS,  see  Arabs,  medicine  of  the. 
AR'ABS,  MEDICINE  OF  TIIE.  The  Ara- 
bians kept  the  torch  of  medical  science  illumi- 
nated during  a  dark  period  of  the  middle  ages. 
Before  the  year  of  the  Hegira,  they  had  schools 
of  medicine ;  but  these  were  most  flourishing 
during  the  10th,  11th,  and  12th  centuries.  The 
chief  adilitions  made  by  them  to  medical  science 
wore  in  the  departments  of  pharmacy  and  in  the 
description  of  diseases.  Their  principal  writers 
were  Avicenna,  Serapion,  Averrhoes,  llali  Abbas, 
Moses  Maimonides,  Avenzoar,  llhazcs,  Albucasis, 
Ac.  The  disciples  of  the  Arab  school  were  called 
Ai-'fibi'sls. 

ARACACIIA,  Conium  moschatum. 
AKACIIIS  AFRICANA,  A.  hypogea— a.  Ame- 
ricana, A.  llypogea. 

Ar'aciiis  IIyi'oge'a,  A.  Amerlcn'iia  seu  A/ii- 
crt'iia,  Ariichni'dn  hi/poi/cn,  Ground  unt.  Pea  iiid, 
Earth  almond,  (S.j  Mane;  erroneously  called 
Pistachio  nut,  in  the  South;  Pindars  of  the  West 
Indies.  Ord.  Legurainosae.  Cultivated  in  the 
Southern  States.  The  seeds  are  oily,  and  are 
eaten.  A  kind  of  inferior  chocolate  may  be 
made  of  them. 

AHACH'NE,  apaxvri,  'a  spider,'  'a  cobweb.' 
Hence,  Arachnitis,  &c. 

ARACHNIDA  IIYPOGEA,  Arachis  hypogea. 
ARACIIXI'TIS,  more  properly  Arathnoidi'tix, 
Araclniodei'tin,    Injlammation   of  the   Arachnoid. 
A  variefv  of  |)hreiiitis. 

ARACIINODKITIS,  Arachnitis. 
ARACH'NOID,     Arachnoideus,    Arachno'des, 
from  apax^n.  'n  cobweb,'  and  uloi,  'form,  resem- 
blance.'    Resembling  a  spider's  web. 

AitACUNOin  Canal,  see  Canal,  arachnoid. 
Arachnoid  op  the   Eye.     The   lining   mem- 
brane of  a  cavity,  supposed  by  some  to  exist  be- 
tween the  sclerotic  and  choroid. 

Arach'noid  Membrane,  Meninx  me'dia  seu 
sero'sa,  Tit'nica  ara'nca  seu  cryntal'lina,  Me- 
nin'f/ion.  A  name  given  to  several  membranes, 
which,  by  their  extreme  thinness,  resemble  spi- 
der-webs. Celsus  and  Galen  called  thus  the 
membrane  of  the  vitreous  humour,  — the  tuuicn 
hi/aloidca.  The  moderns  use  it  now  for  one  of 
the  membranes  of  the  brain,  situate  between  the 


dura  mater  and  pia  mater.  It  is  a  serous  mem- 
brane, and  composed  of  two  layers  ;  the  external 
being  confounded,  in  tlie  greater  part  of  its  extent, 
with  the  dura  mater,  and,  like  it,  lining  the  inte- 
rior of  the  cranium  and  spinal  canal  ;  the  other 
being  extended  over  the  brain,  from  which  it  is 
separated  by  the  pia  mater,  without  passing  into 
the  sinuosities  between  the  convolutions,  and 
penetrating  into  the  interior  of  the  brain  by  an 
opening  at  its  posterior  part  under  the  corpus 
callosum.  It  forms  a  part  of  the  investing  sheath 
of  tlie  nerves,  as  they  pass  from  the  encephalic 
cavities.  Its  chief  uses  seem  to  be  : — to  envelop, 
and,  in  some  measure,  protect  the  brain,  and  to 
secrete  a  fluid  for  the  purpose  of  keeping  it  in  a 
state  best  adapted  for  the  proper  performance  of 
its  funclicms. 

ARACHNOIDITIS,  Arachnitis. 
ARACK',  ./I/ voc/r  ;  (East  Indian.)  A  spiritu- 
ous liquor  made  in  India  in  various  ways,  often 
from  rice,  sometimes  from  sugar  fermented  along 
with  the  juice  of  the  cocoa  nut;  frequently  from 
toddy,  the  juice  which  flows  from  the  cocoa-nut 
tree  by  incision,  and  from  other  substances.  It 
is  a  strong,  heating  spirit. 

Arack,  Mock,  is  made  by  adding  ^ij  of  Ben- 
zoic    acid    to    a   quart  of  rum.     The   celebrated 
Vauxhall  punch  is  made  with  such  arack. 
ARACOUCIIINI,  Icica  aracouchini. 
ARACUS  AROMATICUS,  Vanilla. 
AR'ADOS,  ApaSos.     The  agitation   excited  in 
the  stomach  by  the  coction  of  aliments  of  differ- 
ent nature. — Hippocrates.     Likewise,  the  motion 
produced  by  cathartics. 
AR^EOMA,  Interstice. 
ARAEOMETER,  Areometer. 
ARyEOT'ICA,  from  apatow,  'I  rarefy.'     Medi- 
cines supposed  to  have  the  quality  of  rarefying 
the  huuiours.     See  Rarefacieus. 
ARAKI,  see  Spirit. 

ARALIA  CANADENSIS,  Panax  quinqucfo- 
lium. 

Ara'lia  His'pida,  Dinarf  Elder,  Ord.  Aralia- 
cea\  is  said  to  be  diuretic,  and  has  been  recom- 
mended, in  decoction,  in  dropsy. 

Aha'i.ia  Niidicau'lis,  Nardm  America'nua, 
Siiiidl  Spikenard,  Wild  Liii'uorice,  Sivcel  root, 
False  or  ll'(7(^  Sarsaparil'la,  (F.)  Petit  nard. 
This  American  plant  is  said  to  be  a  mild  stimu- 
lant and  diaphoretic,  and  has  been  recommended 
as  a  substitute  for  sarsaparilla.  It  is  used,  also, 
as  a  tonic.  It  is  in  the  secondary  list  of  the 
Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States. 

Ara'lia  Racusio'sa,  American  Spllcenard,  has 
the  same  properties  as  A.  Nudicaulis. 

Ara'lia  Spino'sa,  Ani/cl'ica  Tree,  Prichlii 
Anh,  Toothach  Tree,  Spikenard  Tree,  Prickli/ 
Eider,  Shotbnih,  Piyeon  Tree.  Its  properties  are 
not  clear.  The  berries,  and  a  tincture  of  them, 
have  been  employed,  it  is  said,  successfully  in 
toothach.  A  spirituous  infusion  has  also  been 
used  in  colic.  The  bark  is  oflJcinal  in  the  Phar- 
macopa?ia  of  the  United  States. 

ARANEA,  Aranea)  Tela  — a.  Tarentula,  see 
Tarentula. 

ARA'NE^  TELA,  Ara'ncn,  Ara'neum,  Cob- 
toeb,  (F.)  Toile  d'Araifpiee.  Formerly,  this  sub- 
stance was  much  employed,  and  supposed  to  pos- 
sess extraordinary  virtues,  especially  when  ap- 
plied to  the  wrists.  It  has  been  recently  used 
again  in  intermittents.  The  spider  itself,  soft- 
ened into  a  plaster  and  applied  to  the  forehead 
and  temidcs,  is  said  by  Dioscorides  to  prevent 
ague.  Cobweb  is  a  mechanical  styptic,  and  is  so 
applied  at  times. 

ARANEO'SA  URI'NA.  A  term  applied  to 
the  urine  when  loaded  with  filaments,  like  cob 
webs. 

ARAXEO'SUS  (PULSUS);  a  term  employed 


ARANEUM 


8  0 


ARCIIIATER 


to  express  extreme  weakness  of  pulse  ;  when  the 
movements  resemble  those  of  a  delicate  net  raised 
bj'  the  wind. 

ARANEUM,  AraneiB  Tela. 
Aua'nicum  Ulcus,  AstakU'los.     A  name  given 
by  Paracelsus  to  a  malignant,  gangrenous  ulcer, 
extending  from  the  feet  to  the  legs. 
A  RATI  A,  Myrobalanus  citrina. 
ARASCON,  Nvmphomania,  Satyriasis. 
ARATRUM,  Vomer. 

ARAUCARIA  DOMBEYT,  Dombeya  excelsa. 

ARBOISE.  Arbutus  unedo. 

ARBOL  BE  LECHE,  Galactodendron  utile. 

ARBOR  BENIVI,  Benjamin— a.  Indica,  Lau- 

rus  cassia — a.  Maris,  Coral — a.  Thurifera,  Juni- 

perus  Lycia  —  a.  Uteri  Vivificans,  Palm»  uteri 

plicata:. 

Arbor  Vit/E,  (F.)  Arhre  de  vie.  A  name 
given  to  an  arborescent  appearance,  observed  on 
cutting  the  cerebellum  longitudinally;  and  which 
results  from  the  particular  arrangement  of  the 
white  substance  with  the  eineritious.  Also,  the 
Thuya  occidentalis. 

Arbor  Yitjb,  American,  Thuya  occidentalis — 
a.  Vita3  Uterinus,  Palmae  uteri  plicatie — a.  Vitse 
of  the  Uterus,  Palmas  uteri  plicataj. 

AR'BORES.  A  morbid  alteration  of  the  skin, 
which  precedes  its  ulceration.     Ruland. 

ARBORIZA'TION,  Arborisa'tio,  (F.)  Arbori- 
sation, from  arbor,  arboris,  'a  tree.'     The  figure 
or  appearance  of  a  tree  or  plant.     The  capillary 
vessels,  when  injected,  as  in  inflammation,  fre- 
quently appear  under  the  form  of  Arborizations. 
ARnOUSIER,  Arbutus  unedo. 
ARDRE  DE  VIE,  Arbor  VitiB. 
ARBUSCUIiA  GUMMIFERA  BRAZILIEN- 
jglS,  Hypericum  bacciferum. 

ARBUTUS,  A.  Unedo  — a.  Trailing,  A.  Uva 
ursi,  Epigica  repens. 

Ar'bi/TUS  Uva.  Ursi,  Aretostaph'yloa  Uva  ursi, 
Maira'nia  uva  ursi.  Ord.  EricaceiC.  Sex  Syst. 
Decandria  Monogynia.  (F.)  BiisseroUe  ou  Rai- 
sin d'Onrs.  The^leaves- ((/«a  Ursi,  Ph.  U.  S.) 
— of  this  plant  are  tonic  and  astringent,  and  have 
been  employed,  chiefly,  in  diseases  of  the  urinary 
organs,  and  also  as  a  parturifacient.  Dose  of  the 
powder  from  gr.  xv  to  ^ss.  The  English  names 
are  Trailing  Ar'bntits,  Bear's  Whortleberry  or 
Bearberry,  ilountain-box,  Redberry,  Upland 
Cranberry,  Foxberry,  Checherberry,  (Sc.)  Braw- 
lins. 

Ar'butus  UyE'DO,  Ar'hutus,  Andrach'ne,  Une'- 
do,  U.  papyra'eea,  KO/iapog,  (F.)  Arbousier,  Ar- 
boise.  A  decoction  of  the  leaves  is  astringent, 
and  has  been  used  in  diarrhoea. 

ARC,  Arch,  Arcus,  (F.)  Are,  Arcade  (diminu- 
tive). Any  part  of  the  body  resemblirrg  an  arch 
in  form;  as  the  Arch  of  the  colon,  (F.)  Arc  du 
colon, — the  transverse  portion  of  that  intestine  : 
—  Arch  of  the  Aorta,  Arcus  aor'tCB,  (F.)  Crosse 
de  I'Aorte,  &c.,  the  turn  which  the  aorta  takes  in 
the  thorax. 

ARCA  ARCANORUM,  Hydrargyrum— a.  Cor- 
dis, Pericardium. 

ARCADE,  see  Arc — a,  Anasfomotique,  Arch, 
anastomotic — a.  Crurale,  Crural  arch — a.  Ingui- 
nale, Crural  arch — a.  Orbitaire,  Orbitar  arch — 
a.  Pubienne,  Pubic  arch — a.  Zygomatique,  Zygo- 
mHitic  (iron. 

ARCADES  DENTAIRES,  Dental  arches  — 
a.  Pabnaires,  Palmar  arches. 

A  R  CADI-  TEMP  OR  0-MAXILLAlRE,  Tem- 
poralis. 

ARC^'US  or  ARC(E'US,  BALSAM  OF,  (F.) 
Baume  d'Arecem.  A  kind  of  soft  ointment  used 
in  sores,  contusions,  &c.  It  is  made  by  melting 
two  parts  of  mutton  suet,  one  part  of  hog's  lard  : 


turpentine  and  rosin,  each  one  part  and  a  half: 
straining  and  agitating  till  cold. 

ARCAXSOX,  Colophonia. 

ARCA'NUM,  from  area,  'a  chest.'  A  seeret, 
a  nostrum,  a  quack  or  empir'icul  med'icine,  (F.) 
Arcane.  A  remedy  whose  composition  is  kept 
secret;  but  which  is  reputed  to  possess  great 
efBcacy. 

Arcanum  Corallinum,  Hydrargyri  nitrieo- 
oxyduin  —  a.  Duplicatum,  Potassaa  sulphas  —  a. 
Tartari,  Potassae  acctas. 

ARCEAU,  Arculus,  Cradle. 

ARCEUTHOS,  Juniperus  communis. 

ARCH,  ANASTOMOTIC,  (F.)^rca(/e^»flt8(o. 
motique,  is  the  union  of  two  vessels,  which  anas- 
tomose by  describing  a  curved  Hue.  The  vessels 
of  the  mesentery  anastomose  in  this  manner. 

Arch  of  the  Aorta,  see  Aorta — a.  Crural,  see 
Crural  arch  —  a.  Femoral,  see  Crural  arch  —  a. 
Gluteal,  see  Gluteal  aponeurosis— a.  Hremal,  see 
HiEmal  arch — a.  Inguinal,  see  Crural  arch — a.  Or- 
bital, see  Orbitar  arch — a.  of  the  Palate,  see  Palate 
bone — a.  of  the  Pubis,  see  Pubio  arch — a.  Subpu- 
bic, see  Subjiubic  arch — a.  Superciliary,  see  Su- 
perciliary arches — a.  of  a  Vertebra,  see  Vertebrae — 
a.  Zygomatic,  see  Zygomatic  arch. 

Arches  of  the  Palate.  These  are  two  in 
number  on  each  side  of  the  throat,  one  of  vvhicli 
is  termed  anterior,  the  other  posterior. 

The  anterior  arch  arises  from  the  middle  of 
the  velum  palati,  at  the  side  of  the  uvula,  and  is 
fixed  to  the  edge  of  the  base  of  the  tongue. 

The  posterior  arch  has  its  origin,  likewise,  from 
the  side  of  the  uvula,  and  passes  downwards  to 
be  inserted  into  the  side  of  the  pharynx.  The 
anterior  arch  contains  the  circumflexus  palati, 
and  forms  the  isthmus  faucium.  The  posterior 
arch  has  within  it  the  levator  palati,  and  be- 
tween the  arches  are  the  tonsils. 

ARCH/E'US,  TlrcAe'Ms,  from  afiy^ri,  'commence- 
ment,' (F.)  Archce.  A  word  invented  by  Basil 
Valentine,  and  afterwards  adopted  by  Paracelsus 
and  Van  Ilelmout.  The  latter  used  it  for  the 
internal  principle  of  our  motions  and  actions. 
This  archiieus,  according  to  Van  Helmont,  is  an 
immaterial  principle,  existing  in  the  seed  prior 
to  fecundation,  and  presiding  over  the  develop- 
ment of  the  body,  and  over  all  organic  pheno- 
mena. Besides  this  chief  archreus,  whose  seat 
Van  Helmont  placed  in  the  upper  orifice  of  the 
stomach,  he  admitted  several  of  a  subordinate 
character,  which  had  to  execute  its  orders;  one, 
for  instance,  in  each  organ,  to  preside  over  its 
functions;  each  of  them  being  subject  to  anger, 
caprice,  terror,  and  every  human  feeling. 

ARCHANGEL,  NEW,  MINERAL  SPRINGS. 
About  twenty  miles  to  the  north  of  New  Arch- 
angel, Sitka  Island,  on  the  N.  W.  coast  of  North 
America,  are  some  thermal  sulphureous  waters, 
the  temperature  of  one  of  which  is  upwards  of 
153°  of  Fahr.  They  are  much  celebrated.— Sir 
Geo.  Simpson. 

ARCHANGELICA,  Lamium  album— a.  Ofhci- 
nalis,  Angelica. 

ARCHE,  apxV)  Inifium,  Princip'ium,  Primor'- 
dium,  Ori'go,  Inva'sio.     The  first  attack  of  a  dis- 

ARCHECPTOMA,  Proctocele. 

ARCIJEE,  Archteus. 

ARCH  ELL,  CANARY,  Lichen  roccella. 

ARCIIELOG"IA,  from  apxv,  'beginning,' and 
\oYOi,  'a  discourse.'  A  treatise  on  fundamental 
principles — of  medicine,  for  example. 

ARCHEN'DA.  A  powder  of  the  leaves  of  the 
ligustrum,  used  by  the  Egyptians  after  bathing, 
to  obviate  the  unpleasant  odour  of  the  feet- 
Prosper  Alpinup. 

ARCHlA'TER,     Archia'trus,     Protomcd'icv'i 


ARC  II I  GEN  I  MOllBI 


ARENATIO 


J'roU'x'iros,  from  apxu),  'I  am  first,'  and  tarpoi' 
'  phy.«ician.'  The  original  sifjnitication  of  this 
wiiril  is  a  matter  of  dispute.  Some  consider,  with 
Morcurialis,  that  it  meant  physician  to  a  prince, 
king,  emperor,  <fec. ;  others,  with  C.  Hoffmann,  ap- 
7)ly  it  to  every  physician  who,  by  his  situation, 
is  raised  above  his  colleagues.  The  former  opi- 
nion seems  to  have  prevailed  —  Arrhiatre  de» 
Jiois  df!  France  being  applied  to  the  chief  physi- 
cian to  the  kings  of  France. 

ARCUI(i"ENr  MORUI.  Acute  diseases;  be- 
cause they  hold  the  first  rank:  from  ap;^?/,  'be- 
ginning,' and  ytvoixai,  'I  am.' 

ARCIIIMA(iIA,  Chvmistry. 

ARCIIIXtJEAY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Archingeay  is  situate  in  France,  three  leagues 
from  .St.  Jean  d'Angely.  The  waters  are  prized 
in  all  diseases.  They  seem  to  contain  carbonate 
of  lime,  a  little  chloride  of  sodium,  carbonate  of 
iron,  anil  some  bitumen. 

ARClUTliCTURA  APOPLECTICA,  Apo- 
plectic make. 

ARC'IIITIS.  Proctitis,  Rectitis. 

ARCHOCELE,  Proctocele. 

ARCIIOI'TOMA,  Proctocele. 

ARCIIOPTOSIS,  Proctocele. 

ARCIIORRIIA'GIA,  from  apx"!)  ' 'lie  anus,' 
and  pc(j),  '  I  flow.'  Arehorrhce'a.  Hemorrhage 
from  the  anus. 

ARCIIORRIKEA,  Archorrhagia, 

ARCIIOS,  Arcus,  Rectum. 

ARCIIOSTE(tXOMA,  Stricture  of  the  Rectum. 

AR('II()Sl'K(iXOSIS,  Stricture  of  the  Rectum. 

ARCIIOSTENOSIS,  Stricture  of  the  Rectum. 

ARCIIOSYRINX,  Fistula  in  ano. 

AR'CIFORM,  Arcifor'min,  from  arx,  arcis, 
'a  top  or  ridge,'  and  forma,  'shape.'  An  epi- 
thet given  to  certain  fibres,  Fihrm  arcifurm' ch, 
of  the  anterior  pyramids  of  the  medulla  oblon- 
gata, which  take  a  curved  course  around  the  in- 
ferior extremity  of  each  corpus  olivare  and  ascend 
towards  the  cerebellum. 

ARCTA'TIO,  Arctitii'do,  from  arcto,  'I  make 
narrow;'  A)if/u8ta'iio,  Coarcta'tin,  (E.)  Retrevin- 
setnent.  Contraction  of  a  natural  opening  or  of  a 
can.al,  and  especially  of  the  vulva,  of  the  orifice 
of  the  uterus,  or  of  the  intestinal  canal.  Consti- 
pation, (see  Stegnosis.)  Reunion  by  suture  or 
infibulation.  —  Scriboniu.s  Largus,  Paul  Zac- 
chias,  Ac. 

ARCTITUDO,  Arctatio. 

ARCTIU.M,  A.  lappa— a.  Bardana,  A.  lappa. 

AucTiiM  Lappa.  The  root  and  seed  of  the 
Clit'bur,  Barda'na,  ApKciov,  Arctium,  A.  hnrda'na 
seu  majiis  seu  jjijuks  seu  tomento'sum,  I'lajihis, 
Lappa  glabra.  Lappa  major  seu  persona'ta,  Per- 
sola'ta,  PemolUi'ta,  Persoht'ta,  Burdock,  (Old 
Eng.)  Clithe,  Cuckold,  (F.)  Bardaiie,  Glouteron, 
Herbc  aux  tcignenx.  Ord.  Compositae.  Sex.  Syst. 
Syngenesis  ajqualis.  Root,  Lappa  (Ph.  U.  S.), 
diuretic ;  seed,  cathartic.  It  has  been  used  in 
decoction  in  diseases  of  the  skin  and  in  syphilis. 

Aucrnnr  Ma-jits,  A.  lappa — a.  Minus,  A.  lappa 
— a.  Tomentosum,  A.  lappa. 

ARC'TOPUS  ECIIINA'TUS.  A  South  Afri- 
can plant,  Ord.  Umbelliferse,  which  is  demulcent 
and  diuretic,  somewhat  approaching  sarsaparilla. 
Tlie  decoction  of  the  root  is  employed  in  syphilis, 
lepra,  and   chronic    cutaneous   affections    of  all 

ARGTOSTAPIIYLOS  UVA  URSI,  Arbutus 
uva  ursi. 

ARCTU'RA,  from  arcto,  '1  straighten.'  The 
effects  of  a  nail  grown  into  the  flesh,  Aretu'ra 
uiir/iiis.     See  Onychogryphosis. 

ARCTtiRA  Unguium.  The  growing  in  or  inver- 
sion of  the  nails.     See  Onychogryphosis. 

ARCUA'TIO,  Co7icava'tio.  An  antesior  gib- 
bosity or  iirojection  of  the  sternum. 


ARCUEIL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Ar- 
cueil  is  about  one  league  south  of  Paris.  The 
water  contains  carbonic  acid,  carbonate  of  lime, 
sulphate  of  lime,  chloride  of  sodium,  and  some 
deliquescent  salts. 

A  celebrated  society  held  its  meetings  at  this 
village,  of  which  Berthollet,  Humboldt,  La  Place, 
<fec.,  were  members. 
ARCULA  CORDIS,  Pericardium. 

ARCUL.15.  The  Orbitar  Fossae:  TrotXtia.— 
Rufus  of  Ephesus. 

ARC'ULUS,  diminutive  of  arcim,  'an  arch.'  A 
small  arch;  a  cradle,  (F.)  Arcean,  Archet.  A 
semicircular  box  or  basket  used  for  preventing 
the  bed-clothes  from  coming  in  contact  with  in- 
jured or  diseased  parts.  An  ordinance  of  the 
Grand  Duke  of  Tuscany  forbade  mothers  to  sleep 
with  an  infant  near  them,  unless  it  was  put  under 
a  solid  cradle. 

ARCUS  MEDULLARIS,  Fornix— a.  Senilis, 
Gerotoxon  —  a.  Subpubicus,  Subpubic  arch  —  a. 
Superciliaris,  Superciliary  arches — a.  Unguium, 
see  Nail — a.  Zygomaticus,  Zygomatic  arch. 

ARDALOS,  Excrement. 

ARDAS,  Excrement. 

ARDENT,  Ardeiis,  from  ardere,  'to  burn.' 

Ardknt  Fever,  (F.)  Fievre  ardente.  Caiisus, 
Si/iiocha,  or  inflammatory  fever. 

Ardent  or  Inflamed  Eves.  (F.)  Yeux  ardent. 
The  eyes  are  so  called  when  injected  red. 

Ardent  Urine,  (F.)  Urine  ardente.  Urine  of 
a  deep  red. 

ARDESIA  IIIBERNICA,  Ilibernicus  lapis. 

ARDEUR,  Ardor — a.  du  Cceur,  Cardialgia — 
a.  d'Estomac,  Ardor  ventriculi.  Pyrosis  —  a.  dc 
la  Fievre,  Ardor  Febrilis  —  a.  d' Urine,  Ardor 
UriniB. 

AR'DOR,  (F.)  Ardenr.  Heat.  A  feeling  of 
burning,  of  violent  heat;  jEstua,  jEstua'tio,  Cau- 
so'ma. 

Ardor  Febri'lis,  (F.)  Ardeur  de  la  Fievre. 
The  hot  period  of  fever. 

Ardor  Stomachi,  Pyrosis. 

Ardor  Uri'n.«,  (F.)  Ardeur  d'Urine.  A  scald- 
ing sensation  occasioned  by  the  urine  in  passing 
over  the  inflamed  mucous  membrane  of  the  ure- 
thra, or  over  the  neck  of  the  bladder. 

Ardor  Yenereus,  Heat. 

Ardor  Yentric'ui.i,  Ehullit"io  Stom'achi, 
Heartburn,  (Sc.)  Heartaxes,  Hearticald,  Hersket, 
(F.)  Ardeur  d'Estomac.  See  Cardialgia  and 
Pyrosis. 

A'REA,  'a  void  place,'  'an  open  surface.'  A 
Latin  word  used  by  some  authors  to  designate  a 
variety  of  Alopecia,  in  which  the  hair  changes 
colour,  but  does  not  fall  off;  also,  Porrigo  de- 
calvans. 

ArkA  GerminATIVA,  Taclie  embryonnaire. 

Area  Pellu'cida.  An  elliptical  depression  in 
the  ovum,  filled  with  a  pellucid  fluid,  in  the  cen- 
tre of  which  is  the  germ. 

Area  Yasculo'sa,  see  Circulus  venosus. 

ARE'CA.  The  fruit — Are'ca  nut,  Betel  nut — 
of  Are'ca  Cat'echu  seu  Faufel,  Uaun'ga ;  Ord. 
Palmje  ;  Sex.  Syxt.  Monoeeia  Monadclphia;  (F.) 
Arec,  is  astringent  and  tonic,  and  enters  into  the 
composition  of  the  Betel,  the  great  masticatory 
of  the  Orientals. 

AuECA  Catechu,  see  Areca  —  a.  Faufel,  see 
Arecji. 

AREFAC'TION,  Are/ac'tio,  Xcran'ein,  ^npavoii, 
from  arefacere,  'to  make  dry,'  (arere,  'to  dry,' 
and /accre,  'to  make.')  The  process  of  drying 
substances,  prior  to  pulverization. 

ARENA,  see  Gravel. 

ARENAMEN,  Bole  Armenian. 

ARENA'TIO,    Inhuma'tio,    Chosis,    Sand    or 


ARENGA  SACCHARIFERA 


ARGEMONE    MEXICAxNA 


Earth  Bfith;   from   arena,  'sand:'    Suhnrra'tlo.  \ 
The  application  of  hot  sand  to  the  body.     Pcdi-  I 
lo'vin  [?]  of  sand  were  formerly  used  in  Ascites. 
AREXGA  SACCHARIFERA,  see  Toddy. 
AREXO'SA   URI'NA,   Sandi/    Urine.     Urine 
when  it  deposits  a  sandy  sediment. 

AREXO'SUS,  Sabulous.  Also,  one  who  passes 
sandy  urine. 

AREXULA,  see  Gravel. 

ARE'OLA.  A  diminutive  of  Area,  (F.)  Aire. 
Anatomists  understand  by  AreolcB  the  intrer- 
stices  between  the  fibres  composing  organs,  or 
those  existing  between  laminw,  or  between  ves- 
sels which  interlace  with  each  other. 

Areu/'i  is  also  applied  to  the  coloured  circle 
Hiilo,  Ildlof,  which  surrounds  the  nipple,  Are'- 
<ila  papllln'ris,  and  which  becomes  much  darker 
during  pregnancy;  as  well  as  to  the  circle  sur- 
younding  certain  vesicles,  pustules,  <fec.,  as  the 
pustules  cf  the  sraall-po.\,  the  vaccine  vesicle, 
itc.  Chaussier,  in  such  cases,  recommends  the 
word  Aure'dln,   (F.)  Aureule. 

Arkola  PAPiLLAnis,  see  Areola — a.  Tubercles 
of  the.  see  Mamma. 

AllE'OLAR,  Arcola'ris.  Appertaining  to  an 
areola. 

AuKOLAR  Exhalations  are  those  recremen- 
titial  secretions  which  are  efiFected  within  the 
organs  of  sense,  or  in  parenchymatous  struc- 
tures— as  the  aqueous,  crystalliuc,  and  vitreous 
humours,  &c. 

Arkolar  Tissue,  Cellular  Tissue. 
AREOM'ETER,  Araom'eler,  Gravim'eter,  AU 
CDiiluin'eler,  A/co'iiin'eter,  A'eroHtat' ic  Balance,  from 
a/iaioj,  'light,' and /itrpov,  'measure:'  i.  e.  'measure 
of  lightness.'  An  instrument 
so  called  because  first  em- 
ploj'ed  to  take  the  specific  gra- 
vity of  fluids  lighter  than  water. 
The  Areometer  (if  Baume,  which 
is  the  most  used  in  Pharmacy, 
particularly  in  France,  consists 
of  a  tube  of  glass,  largely 
expanded  towards  its  inferior 
extremity,  and  terminating  be- 
low by  a  small  ball,  containing 
mercury  or  lead,  which  serves 
it  as  a  balance,  so  that  it  maj' 
remain  upright  in  the  fluid. 
This  tube  is  furnished  with  a 
graduated  scale.  If  the  fluid 
into  which  the  Areometer  is 
plunged  be  heavier  than  water, 
the  instrument  rises;  if  lighter, 
it  sinks.  There  are  various 
Areometers,  as  those  of  the 
Dutch,  of  Fahrenheit,  Nichol- 
son, &e.  The  Areometer  is  also 
called  Hydroni'eter,  (F.)  Areo- 
metre,  Pese-liqueur. 

There  are  some  hydrometers 
which  have  a  general  applica- 
tion for  determining  the  spe- 
cific gravities  of  li(iuids  —  as 
Fahrenheit's,  Nicholson's,Guy- 
ton  de  Morveau's,  and  the  com- 
mon glass  hydrometers,  inclu- 
ding Baurafi's,  Cartier's,  Twad- 
dle's, Zanetti's,  and  the  spe- 
cific gravity  beads;  others  in- 
tended for  special  application 
—  as  for  estimating  the  com- 
parative strength  of  spirits;  the 
comparative  densities  of  sy- 
rups, oils,  <tc.  — as  Gay  Lus- 
sac's,  Sikes's,  and  Dicat's  hy- 
drometers, and  the  saccharometer,  urinometer, 
and  elaeometer. 


SCALE    OF    BAUMk's    nvnnOMKTER,    WITH    CORRE- 
SPONDING   SPECIFIC    GRAVITIES. 
1.   Asceiidintj   Scale  for  light  li'juids. 


Scale  of 

Specific 

Substances. 

nauitic. 

Gravities. 

70 

700 

Pure  hydrocyauic  acid. —  O'ui/  Lus- 
sac. 

C6 

715 

Very  pure  sulphuric  ether. 

60 

742 

The  same  conceutratcU. 

50 

782 

48 

792 

Kqual  parts  of  dlcolinl  and  ether. 

42  ' 

819) 
827/ 

A'ery  pure  alcohol  tor  iihaniiucuu- 

40 

tical  purposes. 

36 

847 

Pure  alcohol.     Naphtha. 

33 

863 

Alcohol  of  romiiiercp. 

3-2 

868 

Kssential  oil  of  turpentine. 

30 

878 
1 

Hydrocyanic  acid  of  Sclioele  and 
pure   hydrocyanic   acid,   mixed 

2G 

with  an  equal  portion  of  water. 
— Rohiquet. 

25 
23 

906  ) 

915  i 
1 

Acetic  ether. 
Nitric  ether. 

Id. 

Td.  , 

Murititic  ctlicr. 

22 

923 

Liquid  ammonia. 
Olive  oil. 

Id. 

Td.-l 

20 

935  y 

Brandy. 

18 

948  j 

13 

9S0 

Burguudy  wine. 

12 

986 

11 

993 

Bordeaux  wine. 

10 

1000 

Distilled  water. 

2.   Descending  Scale  for  heavy  Hr[uids. 


Baume's  Hydro- 
meter. 


Scale  r,f 

Specific 

Substances. 

Baume. 

Giavities. 

0 

1000 

Common  distilled  water. 

1 

1007  ■) 
1009  f 

Distilled  vinegar. 

2 

1014 

Common  vinegar. 

u 

1032 

Cow's  milk. 

10 
12 

1075  1 
1091  j" 

Concentrated  acetic  acid. 

20 

1161 

21 

25 

IISO  ) 
1210/ 

Liquid  hydrochloric  acid. 

30 

1261 

Boilins  syrup. 

35 

1321 1 

Cold  f!yrup. 
Common  nitric  acid. 

40 

1.3841 

41 

139S  y 

Concentrated  nitric  acid. 

45 

1454  J 

Id. 

Id. 

Phosphoric  acid  for  medical  use. 

50 

1532 

CO 

1714 

66 

1847 

Very  concentrated  sulphuric  acid. 

70 

1946 

Vpry  concentriited  phosphoric  arid 

ARES.  A  term  invented  by  Paracelsus  to  de- 
signate the  principle  on  which  depends  the  form 
of  mercury,  sulphur,  and  salt.  These  the  alcby- 
mists  regarded  as  the  three  bodies  that  give  birth 
to  every  other. 

AR'ETE,  apiTt),  'virtue.'  Mental  or  corporeal 
vigour. — Hippocrates. 

ARETHU'SA,  A.  bulbo'sa  ;  indigenous.  Order, 
Orchidaceae.  The  bruised  bulbs  are  used  in 
toothache  ;  and  as  cataplasms  to  tumours. 

A'REUS.  A  pessary  mentioned  by  Paulus  of 
iEgina. 

ARGEL,  Cynanchura  olea?folium. 

AR'GEMA,  Ar'gemon,  Ar'gemus,  from  afyoi, 
'white.'  Fos'snla,  {¥.)  Encavvre.  A  white  spot 
or  ulceration  of  the  eye. — Hippocrates.  See 
Leucoma. 

ARGEMO'NE,  MEXICA'NA,  Thorn  Poppy, 
Prickly  Poppy,  Yellntc  Thistle.  A  native  of 
Mexico,  but  naturalized  in  most  parts  of  the 
world.  Ord.  Papaveraeea).  Sex.  Syst.  Polyan- 
dria  Monogynia.     The  juice  resembles  gamboge, 


ARGENSON 


89 


ARGILLA  BOLUS  FLAVA 


and  hns  been  used  tis  a  hydragogue.  The  seeds 
are  cmidDyed  in  the  West  Indies  as  a  substitute 
for  ipecacuanha.  They  are  also  used  as  a  ca- 
thartic. 

ARUENSON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
chalybeate  situate  at  Argcnson  in  Dauphiny : 
used  in  cases  of  obstruction,  jaundice,  &c. 

ARGENT,  Argentum — a.  Chlorure  d',  see  Ar- 
gentuni — a.  Cjjaiinre  d',  see  Argentum  —  a.  et 
d'Ainiuoiiiaqiie,  chlorure  d',  sec  Argentum  —  a. 
lodure  d',  see  Argentum  —  a.  Ojcide  d',  see  Ar- 
gentum— a.  Petit,  Platinum  —  a.  Vive,  Hydrar- 
gyrum. 

AlKiENTKRTA,  Potentilla  anserina. 

ARUENTI  CllLORIDUM,  see  Argentum— a. 
et  Ammoniac  chloridum,  see  Argentum  —  a.  et 
Aramoniae  ciiloruretum,  see  Argentum  —  a.  Cya- 
nidum,  see  Argentum  —  a.  Cyanuretum,  see  Ar- 
gentum— a.  lodidum,  see  Argentum  —  a.  lodure- 
tum,  see  Argentum. 

Akgkn'ti  NrniAS,  Argen'tnm  Nitra'tum  seu 
Ntt'ricnm,  S<d  arijen'ti,  (F.)  Nitrate  OU  Azotate 
d' Argent,  Nitrate  of  Silver.  This  preparation  is 
sometimes  kept  in  crystals,  the  Nitras  Argeii'ti 
in  cryatol'los  coiicre'ttm.  Nitrate  d' Argent  crjital- 
liie  of  the  Codex  of  Paris,  Luna  potab' His,  Cnjs- 
talli  LuncB,  Argen'tum  nit'ricHrii  crystallisa'tiim. 
Nitron  (trgputi  crystal' linns,  Nitrum  luna're,  Hy- 
droij'i'gnni  Roy'lici.  Generally,  however,  it  is  in 
the  fui^ed  state  :  and  it  is  this  which  is  admitted 
into  most  Pliarmacopoeias,  and  which,  besides 
the  name  Nitras  Argcnti,  is  called  Ni'tras  arrjen'ti 
fusHS  Still  fusnin,  Oaus'ticum  luna're.  Lapis  infcr- 
iia'tis,  Argen'tum  nit'ricum  fusum,  and  lunar 
caustic,  (F.)  Nitrate  d'argeut  fondu,  Pierre  in- 
fernale. 

In  the  Pharmacopceia  of  the  United  States,  it 
is  directed  to  bo  prepared  as  follows  :  —  Take  of 
silver,  in  small  pi<'ces,  ,^j  ;  nitric  acid,  f^vij, 
distilled  water,  i'^'i].  Mix  the  .acid  with  the 
water,  and  dissolve  the  silver  in  the  mixture  in 
a  sand  bath;  then  crystiiUizc,  or  gradually  in- 
crease the  heat,  so  that  the  resulting  salt  may  be 
dried.  Melt  tliis  in  a  crucible  over  a  gentle  fire, 
and  continue  the  heat  until  ebullition  ceases; 
then  immediately  pour  it  into  suitable  moulds. 

The  virtues  of  nitrate  of  silver  are  tonic,  and 
escharotic.  It  is  given  in  chorea,  epilepsy,  Ac. : 
locally,  it  is  used  in  various  cases  as  an  escha- 
rotic. Dose,  gr.  1-8  to  gr.  l-A  in  pill,  three  times 
a  day. 

When  silver  is  combined  vrith  iodine,  it  is  said 
to  have  the  same  effect  as  the  nitrate,  and  not  to 
produce  the  slate  colour  of  the  surface,  which  is 
apt  to  follow  the  protracted  use  of  the  latter. 

Argenti  Oxidum,  see  Argentum. 

ARGENTILLA  vulgaris,  Potentilla  an- 
serina. 

AR'GENTINE,  Argento'sus,  same  etymon  as 
the  next.  Pertaining  to  silver;  as  an  'argentine 
solution,'  or  solution  of  a  salt  of  silver. 

Akgknti.nk.  Potentilla  anserina. 

ARGEN'TUM,  Ar'gyrus,  from  apyos,  'white,' 
Silver,  Luna,  Dia'na.  (V.)  Argent.  A  solid  metal 
of  a  sliining  white  appearance  ;  insipid;  inodor- 
ous; highly  sonorous;  malleable  and  ductile; 
somewhat  hard;  crystallizable  in  triangular  py- 
ramids ;  fusible  a  little  above  a  red  heat,  and 
volatizable;  s.  g.  10.4.  Not  used  in  medicine, 
unless  in  some  places  for  silvering  pills.  Silver 
Leaf,  Argen'tum  folia'tum,  is  the  state  in  which 
it  is  used  for  tiiis  purpose. 

Argknth.m  Divi'si'M,  metallic  silver,  in  very 
fine  powder,  has  been  recommended  internally  in 
syphilis. 

The  CiiT.ORinE  (Argen'ti  chlo'ridum,  Argen'- 
tum muriat'icum  seu  chlora'tum  sen  sali'tum. 
Chlorure'tnm  Arrjen'ti,  Chlor'uret  or  .Ifu'riate  of 
iSiher,  (F.)  Chlorure  d' Argent);  the  Cyanuuet; 


the  Iodide  (Argen'ti  lo'didum,  Argen'tum  loda'- 
tum,  lodure' turn  Argen'ti,  lod'uret  of  Silver,  (F.) 
lodure  d' Argent;)  the  OxiDE  [Argen'ti  ox'idum, 
Argen'tum  oxyda'tum,  (F.)  Oxide  d' Arg(nt),Sini. 
the  Chloride  of  Ammonia  and  Silver  (Argen'ti 
et  Ammo'uicB  chlo'ridum,  Argen'tum  muriat'icum 
ammonia'tum,  Chlorure'tum  Argen'ti  et  Ammo'- 
nicB,  Vhlo'ruret  of  Silver  and  Ammonia,  Ammo- 
nio-chloride  of  Silver,  (F.)  Chlorure  d  Argent  et 
d' Ammoniaque),\\s>,\'&  been  used  in  syphilis.  At 
first,  these  ditferent  preparations  were  adminis- 
tered iatraleptically  on  the  gums  ;  the  chloride, 
the  cyanide  and  the  iodide  in  the  dose  of  l-12th 
of  a  grain;  the  chloride  of  silver  and  ammonia 
in  the  dose  of  l-14th  of  a  grain,  and  the  oxide  of 
silver  and  divided  silver  in  the  dose  of  1-Sth  and 
l-4th  of  a  grain.  M.  Serrc,  of  Montpellicr,  who 
made  many  trials  with  them,  soon  found  that 
these  doses  were  too  small;  he  therefore  raised 
that  of  the  chloride  to  1-1 0th,  and  of  the  iodide 
to  l-8th  of  a  grain,  without  any  inconvenience 
resulting.  The  dose  of  the  other  preparations  was 
likewise  increased  in  a  similar  ratio.  M.  Serre 
extols  the  preparations  of  silver — used  internally 
as  VFell  as  iatraleptically  —  as  antisyphilitics,  but 
they  are  not  to  be  depended  upon. 

The  Cyanuret  or  Cyanide  of  Silver,  Argen'ti 
Cynnure'tum  seu  Cyan' idum,  Argen'tum  cyanoge- 
na'lum,  (F.)  Cyanure  d'argcnt,  is  thus  directed 
to  be  prepared  in  the  Ph.  U.  S.  (1842.)  Argent. 
Nit.  3xv,  Acid  Hydrocyan.,  Aq.  deatiUat.  aa  Oj. 
Having  dissolved  the  nitrate  of  silver  in  the 
water,  add  the  hj^drocyanio  acid,  and  mix  them. 
Wash  the  precipitate  with  distilled  water  and  dry 
it.  In  the  last  edition  of  the  Pharmacopoeia, 
(1851,)  it  is  directed  to  be  prepared  as  follows: — 
Nitrate  of  Silver,  dissolved  in  distilled  water,  is 
put  into  a  tubulated  glass  receiver;  Feroeyanuret 
of  Potassium,  dissolved  in  distilled  water,  is  put 
into  a  tubulated  retort,  previously  adapted  to  the 
receiver.  Dilute  Sulphuric  Acid  is  added  to  the 
solution  in  the  retort;  and,  bj-  means  of  a  sand- 
bath  and  a  moderate  heat,  distillation  is  carried 
on  until  the  liquid  that  passes  over  no  longer 
produces  a  precipitate  in  the  receiver.  The  pre- 
cipitate is  then  washed  with  distilled  water,  and 
dried. 

The  Oxide  of  Silver,  Argen'ti  Ox'idum,  has 
been  introduced  into  the  last  edition  of  the  Ph. 
U.  S.  (1851).  It  is  made  by  precipitating  a  solu- 
tion of  the  Nitrate  of  Silver  by  solution  of  Po- 
tassa,  drying  the  precipitate. 

Argentum  Chloratum,  see  Argentum — a, 
Cyanogenatum,  see  Argentum — a.  Fugitivum, 
Hydrargyrum  —  a.  Fusum,  Hydrargyrum  —  a, 
lodatum,  see  Argentum — a.  Liquidum,  Hj'drar- 
gyrum  —  a.  Mobile,  Hydrnrgyrum  —  a.  Muriati- 
cum,  see  Argentum  —  a.  Muriaticum  Ammonia- 
tum,  see  Argentum — a.Oxydatum,  see  Argentum 
— a.  Salitum,  see  Argentum — a.  Vivum,  Hydrar- 
gyrum. 

ARGIL,  PURE,  Argilla  pura. 

ARGILE  OOHREUSE  PALE,  Bolus  Alba.  ' 

ARGILLA  BOLUS  FLAVA,  Terra  Lemnia— 
a.  Bolus  rubra.  Bole  Armenian  —  a.  Ferruginea 
rubra.  Bole  Armenian — a.  Kalisulphurica,  Alu- 
men — a.  Pallida,  Bolus  alba. 

Argilla  Pura,  Terra  Alu'minis  seu  hola'ris, 
seu  argilla'cea  pura  seu  depura'ta  seu  hydra'ta, 
Alu'mina  pura  seu  de]>ura'ta,  Ox'idum  alumin'ii, 
pure  Argil  or  Alumina,  (F.)  Aluniine  faetice. 
This  substance,  which  is  prepared  by  drying  alum 
and  exposing  it,  for  twenty  or  twenty-five  mi- 
nutes, to  a  red  heat,  until  the  sulphuric  acid  is 
driven  off,  has  been  recommended  in  indigestion 
as  antacid,  as  well  as  in  vomiting  and  diarrhoea 
accompanied  with  acidit.v.  Tlie  dose  to  a  very 
young  child  is  from  ^ss  to  5J  J  to  older  chUdren 
fram  5J  to  ^ij. 


ARGILL.^  ACETAS 


00 


ARMOUR 


AnflTLT.A  SULPIIURICA.   Al.CALlSATA,  Aluilien  — 

a.  Sulphurica  usta,  Alumen  exsiccatum  —  a.  Su- 
persulphas  alcalisatum,  Alumen  —  a.  Vitriolata, 
Alumen. 

ARGILLiE  ACETAS,  Aluminte  acetas  — a. 
Sulphas,  Aliiininre  sulphas. 

ARGOL,  RED,  Potas.«ae  .supertartras  impurus 
— a.  White,  Potiissse  supertartras  impurus. 

AR(;UMENTUM  INTEGRITATIS.  Hymen. 

ARGY'RIA,  from  apyvpos,  'silver.'  The  dis- 
coloration of  the  skin  occasioned  by  the  internal 
use  of  nitrate  of  silver. 

ARGYROCn.ETA,  Matricari.-i. 

AlKiYROPirORA,  from  apyvpo;,  'silver,'  and 
(pepw,  'I  bear.'  A  name  given,  by  Myrepsus,  to 
iin  antidote  which  he  regarded  as  extremely  pre- 
cious. 

ARGYROTROPHEMA,  Blancmanger. 

ARGY'RUS,  Argentum. 

ARHEUMAT'JC,  Aihetimat'icus,  from  a,  pri- 
vative, and  pcv/ia,  'fluxion  or  rheumatism.'  One 
■without  fluxion  or  rheumatism. 

ARIA,  Crata;gus  aria — o.  Cattivn,  see  Miasma. 

ARICI'NA,  Aric">a,  Ciis'conin,  Ciisco-Cincho'- 
iiin,  so  called  from  Arica  in  South  America,  the 
place  where  it  is  shipped.  An  alkaloid  found  in 
Cusco  Bark,  which  is  very  similar  in  many  of  its 
properties  to  Cinchonia.  Cusco  was  the  ancient 
residence  of  the  Incas. 

ARIC'YMON,  from  apt,  an  intensive  particle, 
and  Kvctv,  '  to  conceive.'  A  name  given  to  a 
female  who  conceives  readily. — Iliiipoerates. 

ARIDE'NA.  A  Latin  word  employed  to  de- 
signate the  leanness  of  any  part.  —  Ettmuller, 
Sauvages. 

ARID'ITY",  Artd'itnu.  (F.)  Arnlitf,  from  nrcre, 
'to  grow  dry.'  The  French  use  the  word  .4*-?- 
dite  to  express  the  dryness  of  any  organ,  and 
particularly  of  the  skin  and  tongue,  wlien  such 
dryness  is  so  great  as  to  render  the  organ  rough 
to  the  touch.  Aridite  also  means  the  lanuginous 
appearance  of  the  hair  in  some  diseases  in  which 
it  seems  covered  with  dust. 

ARIDU'RA.  Wasting  or  emiiciation  of  the 
■whole  or  of  any  part  of  the  body  ;  Marasmus, 
Atrophy. 

Aridura  Cordis,  Heart,  atrophy  of  the  —  a. 
Hepatis,  Hepatrophia. 

ARIKA,  see  Spirit. 

ARISiEMA  ATRO-RUBENS,  Arum  triphyl- 
lum. 

ARISTALTH.^A,  Altha?a. 

ARISTOLOCHI'A,  from  apiorof,  '  very  good,' 
and  \o')(^cta,  'parturition;'  so  called,  because  the 
diflerent  varieties  were  supposed  to  aid  parturi- 
tion. Birtliwnrt,  (P.)  Ari&foloche.  Ord.  Aris- 
tolochiaceaj.     Several  vnrieties  were  once  in  use. 

Aristolochia  Cava,  Fumaria  bulbosa. 

Aristolochi'a  Clemati'tis,  Aristolochi'a  Vvl- 
ga'ris  seu  Cre'ttca  seu  ten'uis,  Adra  liiza  (F.) 
Aristoloche  ordinaire,  Upright  Birtlnoort.  The 
root  has  been  considered  stimulant  and  emmena- 
gogue,  and  as  such  has  been  used  in  amenorrhoea, 
chlorosis,  and  cachexia. 

Aristolochia  Cretica,  A.  Clematitis — a.  Fa- 
bacea,  Fumaria  bulbosa  —  a.  Hastata,  see  A. 
serpentaria — a.  Hirsuta,  see  A.  serpentaria. 

Aristolochi'a  Losga,  and  A.  Rotun'da,  (F.) 
Aristoloche  lougiie  et  ronde,  Long  and  Hound 
Birthicort.    Virtues  the  same  as  the  preceding. 

Aristolochi'a  Pistolochi'a,  Pintolochi'u  Aris- 
tolochi'a, Pohjrrhi'zn.  This  variety  has  an  aro- 
matic odour,  and  an  acrid  and  bitter  taste.  (F.) 
Arinloluche  crenelee. 

Aristolochia  P».eticulata,  see  A.  serpentaria. 

Aristolochi'a  Serpenta'ria,  Serpenta'ria,  S. 
Virginia'na,  Vipera'ria,  Vipcri'na  Virginia'na, 
Colnbri'na  Virginia'na,  Contrayer'va  Virginia'- 
na, (F.)   Serpcntaire  et  Ariitoloche  scrpentaire  de 


Virginie,  Cohirrine  ou  Coideuvrfe  on  Vipfrine  de 
Virginia,  Virginia  Snakeroot,  Snakcroiit  Birth- 
icort, Snal-ciaeed,  Snagrcl.  Virtues  of  the  root, 
Serpenta'ria,  tonic,  stimulant;  and  as  such,  em- 
ployed in  debility,  intermittents,  A-c.  Aristo- 
lochi'a Hirsu'ta,  a.  Hasta'ta  and  A.  Retici'- 
la'ta;  indigenous,  are  employed  indiscriminately 
with  A.  Serpentaria  under  the  name  Serpentaria 
or  Virginia  Snakeroot. 

Aristolochi'a  Sipho,  Dutchman's  pipe,  and 
A.  Tomento'sa;  indigenous,  have  virtues  like 
those  of  A.  Serpentaria. 

Aristolochi'a  Texcis,  A.  Clematitis — a.  To- 
mcntosa,  see  A.  sipho — a.  Trifida,  A.  Triloba ta. 

Aristolochi'a  Triloba'ta,  A.  trifida,  (F.) 
Aristoloche  trilobee.  A  plant  of  Surinam  and 
Jamaica;  possessing  the  general  virtues  of  the 
Aristolochiacea;.  The  other  varieties  of  Aristo- 
lochia have  similar  properties. 

Aristolochi'a  Vulgaris  Rotunda,  Fumaria 
bulbosa. 

ARISTOLOCH'IC,  Aristoloch'icus.  Same  ety- 
mology. An  old  term  for  remedies  supposed  to 
have  the  property  of  promoting  the  flow  of  the 
lochia. — Hippocrates,  Theophrastus,  Dioscorides, 
&e. 

^  ARIS'TON  MAGNUM,  and  ARTSTON  PAR- 
VUM.  These  names  were  formerly  given  to 
pharmaceutical  preparations,  used  in  phthisis, 
tormina,  and  fever. — Avicenna. 

ARISTOPHAKEI'ON.  A  sort  of  emollient 
plaster,  prepared  with  four  pounds  of  pitch,  two 
of  apochyma,  one  of  wax,  an  ounce  of  opoponax, 
and  half  a  pint  of  vinegar.  —  Gorrseus.  Not 
used. 

ARKAN'SAS,  MINERAL  AVATERS  OP. 
About  6  miles  from  the  Washita  river,  and  about 
a  quarter  of  a  degree  north  of  the  Louisiana  line, 
there  are  about  70  of  those  springs; — Onachitn 
or  Wnnhitau  Springs.  They  are  thermal,  vary- 
ing from  138°  to  loO°  Fahrenheit,  and  are  em- 
ployed in  rheumatism,  cutaneous  aflections,  Ac. 

ARK-BEIN,  Pubis  os. 

ARKEION,  Arctium  Lappa. 

ARLADA,  Realgar. 

ARLES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Ther- 
mal sulphureous  springs  in  the  department  of 
Pyrenees  Orientalcs,  France.  Their  temperature 
is  10.3°  to  145°  of  Fahr.,  and  they  contain  sul- 
phohydric  acid. 

ARM,  Brachium. 

ARMA,  Ponis— a.  Ventris,  Penis. 

ARMAMENTARIUM,  Arsenal  — a,  Chirurgi- 
cum,  see  Arsenal— a.  Portabile,  see  Case. 

ARMATORY  UNGUENT,  Hoplochrysma. 

ARMATURA,  Amnios. 

ARME,  from  apw,  '  I  adapt.'  Any  physiolo- 
gical or  mechanical  junction  or  union  of  parts. — 
Ilesychius.  A  suture,  as  of  the  cranium-— Galen. 

ARMENIACA  EPIROTICA,  Prunus  Armeni- 
aca— a.  Mains,  Apricot,  see  Prunus— a.  Vulgaris, 
Prunus  Armeniaca. 

ARMENIAN  STONE,  Mclocbites. 

ARMENITES.  Melochites. 

ARMILLyE  MANUS  MEMBRANOSiE,  An- 
nular ligaments  of  the  carpus. 

ARMOfSE  BLANCHE,  Artemisia  rupestris 
— a.  Comimme,  Artemisia  vulgaris — a.  Estragon, 
Artemisia  draeunculus— a.  Ordinaire,  Artemisia 
vulgaris. 

ARMONTACUM,  Ammoniac,  gum. 

ARMORA'CIA,  from  Armorica,  where  it  was 
largely  cultivated.  In  the  Pharmacopeia  of  the 
United  States,  the  fresh  root  of  Cochlearia  armo- 
racia. 

Armoracia  RnsTicANA,  Cochlearia  armoracia 
— a.  Sativa,  Cochlearia  armoracia, 

ARMOUR,  Condom. 


ARMURE  DES  JAMBES 


91 


ARROW    ROOT 


ARMURE  DES  JAMUES,  see  Cornu  am- 
monisi. 

AHMUS.  Humerus — a.  Summus,  Acromion. 
ARX,  Aliius  glutino.sa. 

AKXALD'IA,  Arnaldic.  A  disease,  which 
appejirs  to  have  prevailed  in  England  at  one 
time,  but  whose  origin  and  nature  are  unknovpn. 
It  was  accompanied  with  loss  of  hair;  and,  by 
some,  is  supposed  to  have  been  Syphilis.  "  Deinde 
uterque  Hex  incidit  in  aegritudinem,  quam  Ar- 
naldiam  vocant,  in  qua  ipsi  usque  ad  mortem 
hiborantes,  capillos  suos  deposuerunt." — Rogerus 
Ilovedenus,  in  Ricardo  I.,  cited  by  Du  Cange. 

AR'NICA  MONTA'XA.  Derivation  uncer- 
tain. Arnicft,  Leiipaid's  Rune,  Durun' icum  Ger- 
iiian'icum  seu  Oppoeiti/o'lium  seu  Plantar/" iniv 
folio,  Ar'nica  PliiuQiiii'i,  Alis'ma,  Ac"yrus, 
Diuret' tea,  Panace'a  lapio'rtim,  Ptar' mica  mon- 
ta'tia,  Calllia  seu  Culeii'dula  A/pi'na,  Narihw 
Cel'ticn  al'lera,  (F.)  Avnique,  Betoiiie  ou  Tahac 
des  Moiitagnes,  Tahue  dea  Vosrjes,  Tahac  ou  Be- 
toiiie  des  Savoyards,  Doroiiic  d'Allemaf/ne,  Plan- 
tain ou  SoncL  dea  Alpes.  Sex.  Sijsl.  Syngenesia 
PulygiDnia  superflua.  Oid.  Composila).  The 
plant  and  flowers  (Arnica,  Ph.  U.  S.)  are  consi- 
dered, or  have  been  considered,  narcotic,  stimu- 
lant, emnienagogue,  Ac;  and,  as  such,  have  been 
given  in  amaurosis,  paralysis,  all  nervous  affec- 
tions, rheumatism,  gout,  chlorosis,  <fec.  Dose, 
gr.  V  to  X,  in  powder.  In  large  doses  it  is  dele- 
terious. 

Aknica  Nudicaui.is  and  A.  JIollis  are  sup- 
posed to  have  medical  virtues  like  the  last. 

Arnica  Plaukxsis,  Arnica montana — a.  Spuria, 
Inula  dysenterica  —  a.  Suedensis,  Inula  dysen- 
terica. 

ARXTQUE,  Arnica  montana. 
ARNO(}L0SSUM,  Pluntngo. 
AUNOTT'S  DILATOR,  see  Dilator,  Arnott's. 
AllNUT,  Bunium  bulbocastanum. 
ARO'MA,  Ar'li/ma,  'perfume:'  [apt,  intensive, 
and  oaiirj  or  oSjjtri,  'odour,'  or  from  apw,  'to  make 
fitting    or    agreeable.')      Spir'itus    Rector,    (F.) 
Arome.     The  odorous  part  of  plants.     An  ema- 
nation—  fre(iuently  imponderable  —  from  bodies, 
which  acts  on  the  organ  of  smell,  and  varies  with 
the  body  exhaling  it. 
AH 6 MATE,  Aromatic. 

AR0:MAT'IC,  .4roHK(<'(cu.s,  (F.)  Aromate.  Any 
odoriferous  substance  obtained  from  the  vegetable 
kingdom  which  contains  much  volatile  oil,  or  a 
light  and  exjjansible  resin.  Aromatics  are  used 
in  perfumes,  in  seasoning,  and  embalming.  In 
medicine  they  are  employed  as  stimulants.  Gin- 
ger, cinnamon,  cardamoms,  mint,  &o.,  belong  to 
this  class. 

AR'OMATIZE,  (F.)  Aromntiser.  To  add  to  a 
mixture  or  potion  some  aromatic,  to  mask  its 
taste  or  render  it  more  agreeable.  Such  mix- 
ture is  then  said  to  be  aromatized. 

AROMATOPO'LA,    from  afnofia,   'an    odour,' 
and  TrwXtoj.  '  I  sell.'    An  apothecary  or  druggist. 
One  who  sells  spices. 
A  RON.  Arum. 

AROPII.  A  barbarous  word,  which  had  vari- 
ous significations  with  the  ancients.  Paracelsus 
employed  it  to  designate  a  lithonthriptic  remedy. 
The  mandragora,  according  to  some.  Also,  a 
mixture  of  bread,  saffron,  and  wine.— Van  Hel- 
mont. 

Aroph  Paracet.st,  Ferrum  amraoniatum. 
AHQEERUSADE,  EAU  B',  Aqua  tranmat'- 
iea  Thrdc'nii  sen  Tlicdia'nn  seu  aclopeta'ria  seu 
vulnera'ria  seu  catapnlta'riim,  Miatit'ra  vnlnera'- 
ria  ac"ida.  A  sort  of  vulnerary  water,  distilled 
from  a  farrago  of  aromatic  plants.  Rosemary, 
tbiss;  millefoil,  t In/me,  each  Ibss  :  Proof  spirit,  2 
gallons— distil  a  gallon.  This  is  one  form. 
ARR,  Cicatrix. 


ARRABON,  Arraphon. 

ARUACIIEMENT  {¥.),  from  arrachcr,  'to 
tear  out,'  Aptoapas'ma,  Ahrup'tio,  Avul'sio.  Act 
of  separating  a  part  of  the  body  by  tearing  it  from 
the  bonds  connecting  it  with  others.  Evulsion. 
Laceration. 

Arrachement  is  applied  to  certain  operations, 
as  to  the  extraction  of  a  tooth,  the  extirpation  of 
a  2)oli/piis,  (fee. 

ARRACK,  Arack.     See  Spirit. 
AR'RAPHON,    Ar'rahon,  from   a,   priv.,    and 
pa(prj,    'a   suture,'  —  'without   suture.'      A    term 
applied    to    the   cranium    when   it  presents    no 
sutures. 

ARRECTIO.  Erection. 

ARRED,  see  Scar. 

ARREPTIO,  Insanity. 

ARRESTA  BOVIS,  Ononis  spinosa. 

ARRET  D'HILDAN,  Remora  Hildani. 

ARRETE-DCEUF,  Ononis  spinosa. 

ARRIICE'A,  from  a,  priv.,  and  ptu,  'I  flow.' 
The  suppression  of  any  flux.     Ameuorrhoja. 

ARRHOSTEMA,  Disease. 

ARRIIOSTENIA,  Disease. 

ARRHOSTIA,  Disease,  Infirmity. 

ARRIIYTIIMUS,  Cacorrhythmus. 

ARRIBA,  GeofFraa  vermifuga. 

ARRIERE-BOUCIIE,  Pharynx  — o.  -Dent, 
see  Dentition — a.  -Faix,  Secundines. 

ARRIERE-GOUT  {¥.),  'after  taste.'  The 
taste  left  by  certain  bodies  in  the  mouth  for  some 
time  after  they  have  been  swallowed,  owing  per- 
haps to  the  papillae  of  the  mouth  having  imbibed 
the  savoury  substance. 

ARRIERES  NARIXES,  Nares,  posterior. 

AR  ROCHE,  Atriplex  hortensis  —  a.  Puant, 
Chenopodium  vulvaria. 

ARROSEMEXT,  Aspersion. 

ARROWHEAD,  Sagittaria  variabilis. 

ARROW  LEAF,  Sagittaria  variabilis. 

ARROW  POISON.  This  differs  with  different 
tribes  of  Indians.  By  some,  the  poison  capsicum, 
and  infusions  of  a  strong  kind  of  tobacco,  and  of 
euphorbiaceaj  are  mixed  together,  with  the  poi- 
sonous emmet,  and  the  teeth  of  the  formidable 
serpent,  called,  by  the  Peruvian  Indians,  Miua- 
maru  or  Jenjnn — Lacheii^  picta  of  Tschudi. 

ARROW  ROOT,  Fee'idn  Jfaran'tts,  Am'ylum 
maranta'cetim  seu  America'num.  The  fecula  of 
the  rhizoma  of  Jfaran'ta  Antndina'oea,  Jfaraitta 
(Ph.  U.  S.),  Ord.  Marantaceae,  which,  like  all 
fecuhis,  is  emollient  and  nutritive,  when  prepared 
with  water,  milk,  &c. 

Dr.  Carson  has  shown,  ihut  Florida  arrow  root 
is  derived  from  Za'mia.  intcrjrifo'lia  or  Z.pn'mila, 
Siir/ar  pine,  Ord.  C3'cadaceae ;  Bermuda  arroio 
root  being  obtained  from  Maranta  arundinacea. 
Florida  arrow  root,  as  well  as  the  farina,  is  known 
in  the  Southern  States  under  the  name  Coonti  or 
Coontie. 

According  to  Dr.  Ainslie,  an  excellent  kind  of 
arrow  root  is  prepared  in  Travancore  from  the 
root  of  Curcuma  angustifolia,  Old.  Zingiberacea^. 

Arrow  root  mucilai/e  is  made  by  ruVibing  arrow 
root  powder  with  a  little  cold  water,  in  a  basin, 
by  means  of  the  back  of  a  spoon,  until  it  is  com- 
pletely mixed  with  the  water;  then  pouring  boil- 
ing water  over  it,  stirring  assiduously  until  a  soft, 
gelatinous,  tenacious  mucilage  is  formed;  and, 
lastl}',  boiling  for  five  minutes.  A  tablespoonful 
of  arrow  root  powder  is  sufficient  to  make  a  pint 
of  mucilage.  It  may  be  moderately  sweetened; 
and  wine  or  lemon  juice  may  be  added. 

With  milk  also  it  forms  a  bland  and  nutritious 
article  of  diet. 

Arrow  Root,  Brazilian.  The  fecula  of  Ja- 
troplia  JIanihot. 


ARROW   WEED 


92 


ARSENICUM 


Arrow  Root,  Common,  see  Solanum  tubero- 
Bum. 

Arrow  Root,  East  Indian.  The  fecula  of  the 
tubers  of  Curcuma  aiitjustifolia,  or  narrow-leaved 
Turmeric. 

Arrow  Root,  English,  Arrow  root,  common. 

Arrow  Root,  Tahi'ti,  Tacca  starch,  Otahei'te 
Salep.     The  fecula  of  Tacca  Oceanica. 

ARROW  WEED,  Sagittaria  variabilis. 

ARROW  AVOOD,  Euonymus,  Viburuum  den- 
tatum. 

ARS  CABALISTICA,  Cabal— a.  Chymiatrica, 
Chymiatria — a.  Clysmatica  nova.  Infusion  of  me- 
dicines—  a.  Cocjuinaria,  Culinary  art — a.  Cosme- 
tica,  Cosmetics  —  a.  Culinaria,  Culinary  art  —  a. 
Empiriea,  Empiricism — a.  Formulas  uiedieascon- 
cinandi,  see  Prescription — a.  Hermetica,  Chymis- 
try — a.  llomoeopathica,  Homoeopathy — a.  Hydria- 
trica,  Ilydrosudoiherapeia  —  a.  Infusoria,  Infu- 
sion of  medicines  —  a.  Machaonia,  Medicina — a. 
Majorum,  Cliymistry  —  a.  Medica,  Medicina  —  a. 
Obstetricia,  Obstetrics — a.  Sanandi,  Art,  healing 
— a.  Separatoria,  Chymistry — a.  Signata,  Cabal 
— a.  Spagyrica,  Chymistry — a.  Sphygmica,  Sphyg- 
mologia — a.  Veterinaria,  Veterinary  Art — a.  Zoia- 
trica,  Veterinary  Art. 

ARSALTOS,  Asphaltum. 

ARSATUM,  Nymphomania. 

ARSECOCKLE  (Sc),  synonymous  with  Teut. 
aers-bleyne,  tuberculus  in  cino.  Originally,  a 
hot  pimple  on  the  hips.  Now,  in  Scotland,  a 
similar  pimple  on  the  face  or  any  part  of  the 
body. — Jamieson. 

ARSENAL  (F.),  Cliirapotlie'ca,  Armamentd'- 
ritinu  A.  Chirur'gicum.  A  collection  of  surgical 
instruments.  A  work  containing  a  description 
of  surgical  instruments.  Armainentit'riuDt  ob- 
stet'riciiin  has  the  same  significations  in  regard  to 
obstetrics. 

ARSEN'IATE,  Arsen'iaa,  (F.)  Arahiiate,  troxa 
cpat}v,  '  robust.'  A  salt  formed  by  a  combination 
of  arsenic  acid  with  a  salifiable  base. 

Arseniate  of  Ammonia,  Arsen'ias  Ammo'niw, 
Ammo'nium  Arsen'ieum  seu  Arsenic' icum,  (F.) 
Arseniate  d'Ammoniaque.  This  preparation  is 
highly  extolled  in  cutaneous  diseases.  A  grain 
of  the  salt  may  be  dissolved  in  an  ounce  of  dis- 
tilled water,  and  20  to  25  drops  be  commenced 
with  as  a  dose. 

Arseniate  op  Iron,  Arsen'ias  Ferri,  Ferrum 
Arsenia'tum  seu  Arsenic'icum  ojcydidn'tum,  (F.) 
Arseniate  de  Fer.  This  preparation  has  been 
applied  externally  to  cancerous  ulcers.  An  oint- 
ment may  be  made  of  ^ss  of  the  arseniate,  ^ij  of 
the  phosphate  of  iron,  and  g^'J  of  spermaceti 
ointment.  The  arseniate  has  also  been  given 
internally  in  cancerous  aflFections,  in  the  dose  of 
one-sixteenth  of  a  grain. 

Arseniate  op  Protox'ide  op  Potas'sium, 
Proto-arsen'iate  of  Potas'sium,  Arsen'iate  of  Po- 
tassa,  Arsen'ias  Potasses  seu  Kali,  (F.)  Arseniate 
de  Potasse,  Sel  arsenical  de  Ilacqtier.  Proper- 
ties the  same  as  those  of  arsenious  acid. 

Arseniate  op  Quinia,  Quiniae  Arsenias. 

Arsen'iate  op  Soda,  Soda  arsen'ias,  (F.)  Ar- 
s6niate  de  Sonde.  Made,  according  to  the  Codex 
of  Paris,  by  mixing  and  heating  to  redness  arse- 
nious acid  and  nitrate  of  soda;  dissolving  the 
salt  in  water ;  adding  carbonate  of  soda  until 
there  is  an  alcaline  reaction ;  filtering,  evapora- 
ting, and  crystallizing.  It  is  the  basis  of  Pear- 
son's Solution,  which  is  formed  of  one  grain  of  the 
crystallized a;-«e(r("o?e  to  one  fluidonnce  of  distilled 
water.  Dose,  gtt.  xx.  Heinecke's  Solution  con- 
sists of  the  arseniate,  gr.  vj  ;  peppermint  water, 
f5iiss;  wine  of  cinnamon,  f^ss;  laudanum,  { ^'j. 
Dose,  forty  to  fifty  drops. 

ARSENIA  TE  DE  SO  UDE,  Arseniate  of  Soda. 

AR'SENIC,  Arsen'ieum,  (Ph.  U.  S.)     A  solid 


metal ;  of  a  steel-gray  colour  ;  granular  texture  ; 
very  brittle;  volatilizing  before  melting;  very 
combustible  and  acidifiablc.  It  is  not  dangerous 
of  itself,  and  only  becomes  so  by  virtue  of  the 
facility  with  which  it  absorbs  oxygen. 

ARSENIC  BLANC,  Arsenicum  album. 

Arsenic,  Iodide  op,  Arsen'ici  lo'didum  seu 
Teriod'idum  seu  lodure'tum,  Arsen'ictnn  loJu'- 
tiim,  Hydri'odas  arsen'ici,  formed  by  the  combi- 
nation of  arsenic  and  iodine.  This  preparation, 
applied  externally,  has  been  highly  extolled  in 
various  cutaneous  affections.  An  ointment  may 
be  made  of  three  grains  of  iodide  to  ,^j  of  lard. 
It  has  also  been  given  internally  in  the  dose  of  a 
tenth  of  a  grain  in  similar  aliectious.  It  is  offici- 
nal in  the  Ph.  II.  S.  1851. 

Arsenic,  Oxide  of,  Arsenicum  album — a.  Ox- 
ide of,  White,  Arsenicum  album — a.  White,  -Vrse- 
nicum  album. 

Arsenic  and  Mercury,  Iodide  of,  Jlijdrnr'- 
gi/ri  et  Arsen'ici  lo'didum,  Double  J'odide  of 
Mer'cury  and  Ar'senic,  lodo-arscnile  of  Her'cury. 
A  compound,  which  has  been  proposed  as  more 
efficacious  than  either  the  iodide  of  arsenic  or 
the  iodide  of  mercury.  It  is  made  by  tritura- 
ting G'08  grains  of  arsenic ;  14-82  grains  of  mer- 
cury; 49  of  iodine,  with  a  fluidrachin  of  alcohol, 
until  the  mass  has  become  dry,  and  from  being 
deep  brown  has  become  pale  red.  Eight  ounces 
of  distilled  icuter  are  poured  on,  and,  after  tritu- 
ration for  a  few  moments,  the  whole  is  trans- 
ferred to  a  flask;  half  a  drachm  of  Jii/driodic 
acid,  prepared  by  the  acidification  of  two  grains 
of  iodine,  is  added,  and  the  mixture  is  boiled  for 
a  few  moments.  When  the  solution  is  cold,  make 
the  mixture  up  to  f^viij  with  distilled  water. 
This  is  called  by  Mr.  Donovan,  the  proposer, 
Liquor  Arsen'ici  et  JTydrur'f/yri  Jo'didi,  each 
drachm  of  which,  by  measure,  consists  of  water, 
5j  ;  arsenious  acid,  gr.  l-8th  ;  peroxide  of  mercury, 
gr.  l-4th  ;  iodine,  converted  into  liydriodlc  acid, 
gr.  3-4ths.  In  the  last  edition  of  the  Ph.  U.  S. 
it  is  directed  to  be  made  of  Arsenici  lodidum 
tind  Hi/drarejyri  lodidum  rubruiii,  each  gr.  xxxv; 
and  Aqua  destillata,  Oss ;  dissolving  by  rubbing, 
heating  to  the  boiling  point,  and  filtering. 

The  dose  of  Donovan's  Solution  is  from  TT^X 
to  f  |5ss,  two  or  three  times  a  day. 

It  has  been  used  successfully  in  inveterate  cu- 
taneous diseases. 

ARSEN'ICAL,  Arsenica'lis,  (F.)  Arsenical. 
Relating,  or  appertaining  to,  or  containing,  ar- 
senic. 

Arsen'ical  Paste,  (F.)  Pate  ArsSnicalf. 
This  application  to  cancers  is  formed  of  70  parts 
of  cinnabar,  22  of  draz/on's  blood,  and  8  of  arse- 
nious acid  ;  made  into  a  paste  with  saliva,  when 
about  to  be  applied. 

Arsenical  Powders  of  Frere  Come,  and  op 
Justamond,  see  Powder,  Arsenical. 

Arsenical  Solution,  see  Arseniate  of  Soda, 
and  Liquor  Arsenicalis. 

ARSENICI  IIYDRIODAS,  Arsenic,  Iodide  of 
— a.  lodidum,  Arsenic,  Iodide  of — a.  loduretum, 
Arsenic,  Iodide  of — a.  Teriodidum,  Arsenic,  Io- 
dide of. 

ARSENICISM'US,  Intoxica'tio  Arsenica'lis. 
Poisoning  by  arsenic. 

ARSENICUM,  Arsenic. 

Arsen'icum  Album,  White  Ar'senic,  Oxide 
of  Ar'senic,  Ratsbane,  Arsen'ici  ojr'ydum  al- 
bum. Calx  Arsen'ici  alba,  Ac"idum  Arsenico'snm 
seu  Arsenio'sum  (Ph.  IT.  S.),  Arsenious  acid.  White 
oxide  of  arsenic,  (F.)  Arsenic  blanc.  An  acid 
which  is  met  with  in  commerce,  in  compact,  white, 
heavy,  fragile  masses;  of  a  vitreous  aspect,  opake, 
and  covered  with  a  white  dust ;  of  an  acrid  and 
nauseous  taste;  without  smell  when  cold;  vola- 
tilizable  by  heat,  and  exhaling  the  odour  of  gar- 


ARSENIS   rOTAS3.E 


93 


A R THRU 


He ;  soluble  in  water,  alcohol,  and  oil ;  crystal- 
lizable  in  regular  octahedrons.  It  is  this  that  is 
meant  by  the  name  ar.senic,  as  commonly  used. 

Arsen'icum  Album  Sublima'tum,  Sublimed 
Oxide  of  Arsenic,  is  the  one  employed  in  medi- 
cine. It  is  tonic  and  cscharotic,  and  is  the  most 
virulent  of  mineral  poisons.  It  is  used  in  inter- 
inittcnts,  periodical  headachs,  neuroses,  &c.  Dose, 
gr.  one-tenth  to  one-eighth,  in  pill.  See  Poisons, 
Table  'if. 

AusKMCUM  loDATUM,  Arsenic,  Iodide  of — a. 
Rubrum  factitium,  Realgar. 

ARSENIS  POTASS.E,  Arscnite  of  protoxide 
of  potMssium — a.  Potassse  aquosus,  Liquor  arseni- 
calis — a.  Potassae  liquidus.  Liquor  arsenicalis. 

AR'SENITE,  Ar'seuis.  A  salt,  formed  by  a 
combination  of  the  arsenious  acid  with  a  salifi- 
able base. 

Ah'senite  op  Protox'ide  op  Potas'sium,  Pro- 
to-ar'senite  of  Potas'sium,  Ar'seiiite  of  Potassa, 
Ar'senis  Potussce.  An  uncrystallizable  and  co- 
lourless salt,  which  forms  the  basis  of  the  liquor 
nraeni':aliK,  which  see. 

Arsexite  oe  QuiNrA,  Quiniae  arsenis. 

ARSE-SMART,  BITING,  Polygonum  hydro- 
piper. 

ART,  HEALING,  Ars  Snnan'di,  Medici'na. 
The  appropriate  application  of  the  precepts  of 
the  best  physician.s,  and  of  the  results  of  experi- 
ence to  the  treatment  of  disease. 

AuT,  Vkteiunary,  Veterinary  art. 

AR'TABE,  apTaPr).  Name  of  a  Persian  mea- 
sure for  dry  substances,  in  use  with  the  ancients, 
equal  at  times,  to  5  raodii :  at  others,  to  3;  and 
ut  others,  again,  to  7. — Galen. 

ARTANTHE  ELONGATA,  see  Matico. 

AR'TELSIIEIM,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  German  waters  have  been  much  recom- 
mended in  hysteria,  gout,  palsy,  <fec.  Their 
physical  or  chemical  properties  have  not  been 
described. 

ARTEMIS'IA,  Anacti'rion.  Ord.  Compositse. 
Called  after  a  queen  of  the  name,  who  first  em- 
plo.ved  it;  or  from  A/jte/jis,  'Diana;'  because  it 
was  formerly  used  in  diseases  of  women,  over 
whom  she  presided.  The  Gauls  called  it  Dricu- 
mum. 

Artemis'ia  Abrot'anujf,  Abrot'anum,  Abrot'- 
ortum,  Abrot'anum  Cathsum  seu  Mas,  Ahrathan, 
South'ernicood,  Oldinan,  Sloventoood,  (F.)  Ahro- 
tone,  Aurone,  Aurone  mule,  Aiirone  des  jnrdins, 
Garderohe,  Citronelle.  Supposed  to  be  possessed 
of  stimulant  properties. 

Oil  of  Southernwood,  O'leum  Abrot'ani,  (F.) 
nuile  d' Aurone,  possesses  the  aromatic  proper- 
ties of  the  plant. 

Artemis'ia  Absin'thium,  Absin'thixim,  A.  vid- 
ga're,  Apsin'thium,  Barypi'cron,  Common  Worm- 
wood, Worm  it,  (F.)  Absinthe.  Properties: — tonic 
and  anthelmintic.  The  Oil<f  Wormwood,  O'leum 
Absin'lhii,  (F.)  JIullc  d'Absinthe,  Contains  the 
aromatic  virtues  of  the  plant. 

Artemisia  Afra,  a  South  African  species,  is 
tonic,  antispsisinodic  and  anthelmintic;  and  has 
been  used  in  debility  of  the  stomach,  visceral  ob- 
structions, jiiundice  and  hypochondriasis.  It  is 
taken  in  infusion,  decoction  and  tincture.  A 
strong  infusion  is  used  by  the  Cape  Colonists  as 
a  collyrium  in  weakness  of  the  eyes;  and  the 
pounded  leaves  and  stalks  are  employed  as  dis- 
cutients  in  oedema  and  sugillations. 

Artemisia  Alda,  A.  Santonica — a.  Balsamita, 
A.  Pontica. 

Artemisia  Bien'nis,  2?iV»»i"a?  Wormwood ,•  in- 
digenous. 

Arte.misia    Botrys,    Chenopodium    ambrosi- 

oides. 

Artemis'ia  Campes'tris,  Field  Southcruu-ood, 


(F.)    Aurone    dea    Champs.      This    possesses    the 
same  properties  as  A.  Abrot'anum. 

Artemisia  Canadensis,  Canada  AVormwood — 
a.  Caudata:  indigenous. 

Artemisia  Chenopodium,  Chenopodium  bo- 
trya. 

Artemisia  Chinen'sis,  A.  In'dica,  A.  Moxa. 
From  this  the  Chinese  form  their  moxas. 

Artemisia  Contra  grows  in  Persia,  Asia 
Minor,  and  other  parts  of  the  East. 

Artemisia  Dracun'culus,  Tar'agon,  (F.)  Ar- 
moise  estragon,  Estragon.  Virtues:  —  the  same 
as  the  last.  The  leaves  are  much  used  to  season 
food,  especially  in  the  form  of  Es'tragon  vin'egar. 

Artemis'ia  Glacia'lis,  Sillcy  Wormwood ; 

Artemisia  Indica,  Artemisia  Chinensis,  A, 
Santonica; 

Artemisia  Juda'ica,  grows  in  Palestine,  Ara- 
bia, China,  Cochin  China,  and  Northern  Africa. 

Artemisia  Leptophylla,  A.  Pontica; 

Artemisia  Marit'ima,  Absin'thium  Jfari'mim 
seu  Marit'imum,  Sea  Wormwood,  llaritime  South- 
ernwood ; 

Artemisia  Moxa,  A.  Chinensis; 
and 

Artemis'ia  Pon'tioa,  A.  Poma'na  seu  Teniii- 
fo'lia  seu  Balsami'ta  seu  Leptophyl'la,  Absinthi- 
am  Pon'ticum  seu  Jioma'num,  Jioman  Wormwood, 
Lesser  Wormioood,  possess  like  virtues ; — as  well 
as 

Artemisia  Romana,  A.  Pontica; 

Artemisia  Rubra,  A.  Santonica;  and 

Artemis'ia  Rupes'tuis,  Creeping  Wormwood, 
Gen'ipi  album,  (F.)  Armoise  blanc,  Genipi  blanc. 
This  variety  has  aromatic  virtues,  and  is  used  in 
intermittents,  and  in  ainenorrhoea. 

Artemis'ia  Santon'ica,  Santon'icum,  Canni 
Herbn,  ChumcRcedris,  Chamaei/paris'sus,  Absin'- 
thium Santon'icum,  Sementi'na,  Xantoli' na,  Sche- 
ba  Ar'abiim,  Sina  seu  Cina  Levan'tica,  Tarta' rian 
South' ernwood,  (F.)  Biirhotine.  From  this  and 
other  species  of  absinthium  is  obtained  the  so- 
called  Semen  contra  vermes  seu  Contra  seu  Zedo- 
a'ricB  seu  Santon'ici  seu  Cinee,  Hofiiospenn'um, 
Sanctum  Semen,  Wormseed,  which  do  not  consist 
of  seeds,  but  of  broken  peduncles.  Virtues:  — 
anthelmintic  and  stimulant.  Dose,  gr.  x.  to  ^j 
in  powder.  Its  active  principle  is  San'tonin,  the 
dose  of  which  is  from  2  to  5  grains  in  the  day, 
for  a  child  six  or  eight  years  of  age. 

Artemisia  Tenuifolia,  A.  Pontica. 

Artemis'ia  Vulga'ris,  Artemis'ia  rubra  et 
alba,  Cin'giilum  Suneti  Joan'nis,  Mater  Herha'- 
rnm,  Bcreniseeum,  Bubastecor'dium,  Canapa'cia, 
Mugwort,  (F.)  Armoise  ordiimire,  A.  Commune, 
Herbe  de  Saint  Jean,  Ceinture  on  Couronne  de 
Saint  Jean.  This,  as  well  as  some  other  varie- 
ties, possesses  the  general  tonic  virtues  of  the 
Artemisiic.  Artemisia  vulgaris  has  been  highly 
extolled  by  the  Germans  in  cases  of  epilepsy. 
Dose  of  the  powder,  in  the  21  hours,  from  ^fss  to 

ARTERE,  Artery— CT.  Brachiale,  Brachial  ar- 
tery— a.  Brachio-cephalique,  Innominata  arteria 
— a.  Branch ique.  Bronchial  artery — a.  Ciliaire, 
Ciliary  artery  —  a.  Ciitorienne  :  see  Clitoris  —  a. 
Ccecale :  see  Colic  arteries — a.  Collaterale  d)i 
coude,  Anastomoticus  magnus  ramus — a.  (\>llate- 
rale  externe,  Arteria  profunda  humeri — a.  Colla- 
terale interne,  Anastomoticus  magnus  ramus — a. 
Corona  ire  des  levres.  Labial  artery — a.  Corona  ire 
I  Slomachique,  Coronary  artery — a.  Crnrale,  Crural 
artery — a.  Deuxieme  des  thoraciques,  Arteria  tho- 
racica  externa  inferior — a.  Epincuse,  Meningeal 
arterj', middle — ff./V'»ioro-^:)o^)^(7ce,Ischia tic  artery 
— a.  Fessiere,  Gluteal  artery — a.  Gastriqiie  droile, 
petite.  Pyloric  arterj'  —  a.  Gutt)iro-m(ixill,-fire, 
Maxillary  artery,  internal — a.  Honteusc  externe, 
Pudic,  external,  artery — a.  Ilonteuse  interne,  Pu- 


ARTERIA 


94 


ARTERITIS 


die,  internal,  artery — a.  Ilnnierale  pro/onde,  Ar- 
teria  profunda  humeri — a.  Iliaque  primitive,  Iliac 
artery  —  a.  Inuominee,  Innouiinata  arteria  —  a. 
Jrienne,  Ciliary  artery — a.  hchio-penicnne  :  see 
Pudic,  internal,  artery  —  a.  Mediane  atiterieure, 
Spinal  artery,  anterior  —  a.  Midiaiie  ponterieure 
du  rachis,  Spinal  artery,  posterior  —  a.  Meninyie 
moyenne,  Meningeal  artery,  middle — a.  3lening- 
iennepuvterienre,  Prevertebral  artery — a.Menton- 
nih-e,  Mental  foramen — a.  MesocephnUcpte,  Basi- 
lary  artery  —  a.  J/eeocoliqiie  :  see  Colic  artery  — 
a.  MiiHculaire  du  bras,  Arteria  profunda  humeri 
— a.  Mimculitire  du  bras,  grande  :  see  Collateral 
arteries  of  the  arm — a.  Muscidaire  grande  de  la 
cuiisse,  Arteria  profunda  femoris — a.  Opiithogas- 
trique,  Coeliac  artery  —  a.  Orbitaire,  Ophthalmic 
artery  —  a.  de  fOvaire,  Spermatic  artery  —  ft. 
Pelvi-crurale,  Crural  artery  —  a.  Pelvi-crurale, 
Iliac  artery — a.  Pelvienne,  Hypogastric  artery — 
a.  Premiere  des  thoraciques,  Arteria  thoracica 
externa  superior  —  a.  Prevertebrale,  Preverte- 
bral artery  —  a.  Jiadio-carpieniie  transversale 
pulmciire,  Radio-carpal  artery — a.  Scrotale,  Pu- 
dic, external,  artery  —  a.  Soits-claviere,  Subcla- 
vian artery^  —  a.  Sou>i-pi(bio-fcmorale,  Obturator 
artery — a.  Sow-jmbienne,  Pudic,  internal,  artery 
— a.  Soiis-sternal,  Mammary,  internal— ^a.  Sph6- 
no-epineuse,  Meningeal  artery,  middle — a.  Stomo- 
gastriqite,  Coronary  artery  —  a.  Sus-carpienne  : 
Bee  Sns-carp)ien  —  a.  Siis-mn.rillaire,  Alveolar 
ajtery  —  a.  Sus-maxillaire,  Buccal  artery  —  n. 
Siis-metatarsienne,  Metatarsal  artery — a.  Sus- 
pubieiine,  Epigastric  artery  —  a.  Testicidaire, 
Spermatic  artery — n  Thoraeiqiie  liumerale.  Acro- 
mial artery  —  a.  I'rachelocervical :  see  Cerebral 
arteries  —  a.  Trochauterienne,  Circumflex  artery 
of  the  thigh — a.  Troiaieme  de/t  thoraciques,  Acro- 
mial artery  —  a.  Tympaniqne,  Auditory  artery, 
external — a.  Uveale  :  see  Ciliary  artery — o.  Vul- 
va ire,  Pudie,  external,  artery. 

ARTERIA,  Artery — a.  Ad  Outem  Abdominis, 
see  Ad  Cutem  abdominis,  (arteria) — a.  Anonyma, 
Innominata  artery — a.  Aspera,  Trachea — a.  Ce- 
rebralis.  Carotid,  internal — a.  Ccrvicalis,  Basilary 
artery  —  a.  Coronaria  dextra.  Pyloric  artery  —  a. 
Crassa,  Aorta  —  a.  Cruralis,  Crural  artery  —  a. 
Externa  Cubiti,  Radial  artery — a.  Dorsalis  meta- 
carpi.  Metacarpal  artery — a.  Durae  matris  media 
maxima.  Meningeal  artery,  miildle — a.  Encepha- 
lica.  Carotid,  internal  —  a.  Gastrica  superior. 
Coronary  artery — a.  Ileo-colica  :  see  Colic  arteries 
— a.  Iliaca  interna.  Hypogastric  artery — a.  Iliaea 
posterior,  Hypogastric  artery  —  a.  Magna,  Aorta 
— a.  Magna  pollieis,  Princeps  pollicis — a.  Malleo- 
laris  externa:  see  Tibial  arteries — a.  Malleolaris 
interna:  see  Tibial  arteries  —  a.  Mammaria  ex- 
ternii,  A.  Thoracica  externa  inferior — a.  Maxima, 
Aorta — a.  Media  anastotnotiea  :  see  Colic  arteries 
— a.  Meningsoa  media.  Meningeal  artery,  middle 

—  a.  Muscularis  femoris,  A.  Profunda  femoris  — 
a.  Pharyngea  suprema,  Pterygoid  artery — a.  Pro- 
funda cerebri :  see  Cerebral  arteries — a.  Pudenda 
communis,  Pudic,  internal,  arter}'  —  a.  Pudica, 
Pudic,  internal,  artery  —  a.  Ramulus  ductds 
Pterygoidei,  Pterygoid  artery  —  a.  Sphcno-spi- 
nosa.  Meningeal  artery,  middle — a.  Spinales,  Spi- 
nal arteries  —  a.  Spinalis,  A.  Profunda  humeri  — 
a.  Sternalis,  Mammary,  internal — a.  Supra-orbi- 
talis,  Frontal  artery — a.  Sylviana:  see  Cerebral 
arteries — a.  Thoracica  axillaris  vel  alaris.  Scapu- 
lar artery,  inferior  —  a.  Thoracica  huraeralis. 
Acromial  artery  — a.  Transversulis  colli:  see 
Cerebral  arteries — a.  Transversajis  humeri,  Sca- 
pular artery,  superior — a.  Ulnaris,  Cubital  artery 

—  a.  Uterina  hypogastrica,  Uterine  artery  —  a. 
Vasta  posterior,  A.  Profunda  femoris. 

ARTE'RIAC,  Arteri'uena.  A  medicine  pre- 
scribed in  diseases  of  the  windpipe.  Also  arte- 
rial. 


ARTE'RIiE  ADIPO'S^.  The  arteries  which 
secrete  the  fat  about  the  kidneys  ore  sometimes 
so  called.  They  are  ramifications  of  the  capsular, 
diaphragmatic,  renal,  and  spermatic  arteries. 

AuTKiUvE  ApopluctiC'E,  Carotids — a.  Capitales, 
Carotids — a.  Ciliares,  Ciliary  arteries — a.  Corporis 
eallosi  cerebri,  Mesolobar  arteries — a.  Jugularos, 
Carotids — a.  Lethargicco,  Carotids — a.  Mesolobi- 
cae,  Mesolobar  arteries  —  a.  Prajparantes,  Sper- 
matic arteries — a.  Somniferas,  Carotids — a.  Sopo- 
rales,  Carotids  —  a.  Soporariffi,  Carotids  —  a.  Ve- 
nosK,  Pulmonary  veins. 

ARTE'RIAL,  Arteri'acus,  Arterio'aua.  Be- 
longing to  arteries. 

AuTKiiiAL  Blood,  (F.)  Sang  artericl.  Red 
blood  is  so  called  because  contained  in  the  arte- 
ries. The  pulmonary  veins,  however,  also  con- 
tain red  blood:  hence  the  name  arterial  veins, 
(F.)  Veines  arterielles,  applied  to  them. 
Arterial  Constitution,  Plethora  arteriosa. 
Akte'kial  Duct,  Cana'lis  arteriu'sus,  Ductus 
arterio'sus  seu  Botal'lii,  (F.)  Canal  artiriel,  G. 
Pnlmo-aortique,  is  the  portion  of  the  pulmonary 
artery  which  terminates  in  the  aorta  in  the  foetus. 
When  this  duct  is  obliterated  after  birth,  it  is 
called  Artc'rial  Lig'ament,  Ligamen'tum  arterio'- 
sum,  (F.)  Ligament  arteriel. 

Autbrial  System  includes  all  the  arteries, 
from  their  origin  in  the  heart  to  their  termina- 
tion in  the  organs.     See  Vascular  System. 

ARTERIALIZATION  OF  THE  BLOOD, 
Hsematosis. 

ARTERIARCTIE,  from  aprnpia,  'artery,'  and 
arcto,  '1  straiten.'     Contraction  of  an  artery. 
ARTERIECTASIS,  Aneurism. 
ARTERIECTOP'IA,   from    af>rr,pia,    'artery,' 
and   tKTonoi,   '  out  of  place.'     Dislocation  of  an 
artery. 

ARTERIEURYSMA,  Aneurism. 
ARTERIITIS,  Arteritis. 
ARTEIIIODIALYSIS,  see  Aneurism. 
ARTERIOG'RAPHY,  Arteriugra'jihin :  from 
aprrjpia,  'artery,'  and  ypa6>],  'a  description.'     A 
description  of  the  arteries. 

ARTERIOLA.     A  small  artery. 
ARTERIOL'OGY,  Arrer)"o/<;r/"(a/  from   apm- 
pia,  'artery,'  and  \oyos,  'a  discourse.'     A  treatise 
on  the  arteries. 

ARTERIO-PHLEEOTOMY,  see  Bloodletting. 
ARTE'RIO-PITU'ITOUS.      An    epithet   ap- 
plied to  vessels  which  creep  along  the  interior  of 
the  nostrils. — Ruysch. 

ARTERIORRHEXIS,  see  Aneurism. 
ARTERIOS'ITAS,  Artcrios'itt/,  from  arteria, 
'an  artery.'     A  condition  of  the  blood  in  which 
it  preserves  in  the  veins  the  arterial  character. — 
The  opposite  to  Venositas. 

Arteriositas  Sanguinis,  Prasdominium  san- 
guinis arteriosi. 

ARTSJUOSTEIE,  from  apr^pta,  'artery,' and 
oareov,  'a  bone.'  Ossification  of  an  artery. — 
Piorry. 

ARTERIOSTENO'SIS,  from  aprppia,  'artery,' 
and  (XTcvog,  'contracted.'  Contraction  or  oblite- 
ration of  an  artery. 

ARTElllOT 0kY,Arteriotom'ia.  from  apTripia, 
'an  artery,'  and  Tcpum,  'I  cut.'  This  word  has 
been  used  for  the  dissection  of  arteries.  Mosi 
commonly,  however,  it  means  a  surgical  opera- 
tion, which  consists  in  opening  an  artery,  to 
draw  blood  from  it.  Arteriotomy  is  chielly  used 
in  inflammatory  affections  of  the  head,  when  the 
blood  is  generally  obtained  from  the  temporal 
arterj'.     See  Bloodletting. 

ARTERI'TIS,  Arterii'lls,  Tnflamma'tio  Arte- 
ria'rum,  (F.)  Arterite,  Inflammation  dca  arteres  ; 
from  apTrjpta,  'an  artery,'  and  itis,  a  termination 
denoting  inflammation.     Inflammation  of  an  ar- 


ARTERY 

tery.  Inflammation  of  the  inner  coat  of  an 
artery  is  termed  Endo-arteri'tis,  or  Endonar- 
ten'tin;  of  tho  outer,  Exo-arteri'tis  or  Exar- 
teri'lis. 

AR'TERY,  Arie'n'a,  (F.)  Artere,  from  avp, 
air,'  and  Trjpeiv,  'to  preserve,'  quasi,  'receptacle 
of  iiir,'  because  the  ancients  believed  that  it  con- 
tained air.  Tliey,  at  first,  gave  the  name  Artery 
to  tlie  trachea,  apT,,pt,i  rpaxcia,  because  it  is  filled 
with  air;  and  afterwards  they  used  the  same 
term  for  the  arteries,  properly  so  called,  probably 
because  tliey  commonly  found  them  empty  in  the 
dead  body.  We  find,  also,  ^Ac/icf  to  designate 
tho  arteries,  called  by  the  Latins  Veiia  mican'tes 
p\Uaitt' lies.  Arteries,  with  the  moderns,  signify 
the  order  of  vessels,  which  arise  from  the  two 
ventricles  of  the  heart,  and  have  valves  only  at 
their  origin.  They  are  cylindrical,  firm,  and 
elastic  canals;  of  a  yellowish  white  colour;  little 
dilatable;  easily  lacerable  ;  and  formed,  1.  Of  an 
external,  laminated,  or  areolar  membrane,  Tn'- 
niun  externa  seu  advent  it"  ia  seu  cellnla'ris,  Va- 
f/iiin  cellulu'rin,  of  a  dense  and  close  character. 
2.  Of  a  middle  coat,  Tu'nica  me'dia  seu  elas'- 
tica,  composed  of  fibres,  which  do  not,  however, 
contract  on  the  ai)plication  of  the  galvanic  stimu- 
lus, formed  chiefly  of  elastic  tissue,  and  also  of 
smooth  muscular  fibres,  and  eminently  elastic; 
and,  3.  Of  an  inner  coat,  Tu'niea  in'tima  seu 
fjlabra,  which  is  thin,  diaphanous,  reddish,  and 
polished. 

The  use  of  the  arteries  is  to  carry  the  blood 
from  the  heart  to  the  various  parts  of  the  system. 
It  will  bo  obvious,  however,  that  they  cannot  all 
convey  arterial  blood.  The  pulmonary  artery, 
for  example,' is  destined  to  convey  the  venous 
blood  to  the  lungs,  there  to  be  converted  into 
arterial ;  whilst  the  pulmonary  veins  convey 
arterial  blood  back  to  the  heart. 

TABLE  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL  ARTERIES  OF  THE  BODY. 

All  the  arteries  take  their  rise  from  the  Pul- 
monary Artery,  or  the  Aorta;  and  the  names 
generally  indicate  the  parts  to  which  they  are 
distributed. 

I.  Arteria  Pulmonalis. 

The  Pulmonary  Artery  arises  from  the  right 
ventricle,  and  soon  divides  into  a  right  and  left 
branch,  one  of  which  is  distributed  to  each  lung. 

II.  Arteria  Aorta. 
The  Aorta  arises  from  the  left  ventricle.     It  is 
the  common  trunk  of  the  arteries  of  the  body, 
and  may  be  divided  into  five  portions. 

a.  Arteries  furnished  hy  the  Aorta  at  its  origin. 

1.  A.  Cardiaca  or  coronaria  anterior. 

2.  A.  Cardiaca  or  coronaria  posterior. 

b.  Arteries  furnished  hy  the  Aorta  at  its  arch. 

The  arch  of  the  Aorta  gives  off,  to  the  left,  two 
considerable  trunks — the  Arteria  carotidea  pri- 
mitira,  and  A.  snhchivia ;  and,  to  the  right,  a 
sinirle  trunk,  which  is  larger — the  A.  innominata, 
or  lirnchio-cephalica,  which  divides  into  the  ^K- 
mitive  carotid  and  subclavian. 
A.  AnTr.Riv  C.VRO-f  Divides  into  A.  Carotidea  externa, 

TiuEv  I'lUMiTiVA.l      and  A.  Carotidea  interna. 
f  b'urnishes,  1.  A.  Thyroidca  superior. 

2.  A.  Iiii[/'i<ilis,  ■nhii'h  gives  off  tho  A.  dor- 
satis  linsuo!  and  A.  sublingualis. 

3.  A.  facialis  vel  A.  Jlaxillari.t  externa, 
which  furnishes  the  A.  palutina  infe- 
rior, the  .\.  submentalis,  and  A.  coro- 
narin  superior  and  inferior. 

4.  A.  occipitalis,  which  gives  off  the  A. 
mnstdidea  posterior. 

5.  A.  aurirularis  posterior,  which  gives  off 
A.  stylo-mastoidea. 

i     6.  -1.  pliaryngca  inferior.  j 


95 


ARTERY 


a.  A.  Ca- 

ri)tidea 
externiu 


The  external  carotid  ultiniatelv  divides  into  the  tem- 
poral artery  and  internal  maxillary. 

Furnishes  A.  trann-ersalis  faciei,  A.  auricu- 
lar is  anterior,  and  A.  temjioralis  media. 


Tempo- 
ralis. 


2.  A 

Muxillor 
ris  in- 
terna. 


b.  A.  Ca- 
rotidea 
interna. 


U.  Ar- 
teria 
SuacLA.- 

VIA. 


A.  Axil- 
laris. 


A.  Bra- 

cliialis. 


l.A.Ra- 

dialis. 


2.  A.  Cu- 
bitalis. 


Furnishes  13  branches,  viz. — A.  meningea 
media,  A.  dentaris  inferior,  A.  temporalis 
profunda  posterior,  A.  masseterina,  A. 
pterijij(/idea,  A.  buccalis,  A.  lempwalis  pro- 
funda anterior,  A.  alveolaris,  A.  suborli- 
taris,  A.  vidiana,  A.  pteryrjopalatina  or 
pMryngea  superior,  A.  palalina  superior, 
and  A.  splienojMlatina. 

Furnishes,  1.  A.  (pidladmica,  which  gives 
off  A.  lacrymalis,  A.  centralis  retina;,  A. 
supraorbitaria  vel  supcrciliaris,  A.  ciliarcs 
posteriorcs.  A.  ciliares  longaj,  A.  nuisi-u- 
laris  superior  et  inferior,  A.  ethmoidalis 
po.sterior  et  anterior,  A.  palpebralis  supe- 
rior et  inferior,  A.  nasalis,  and  A.  fronta- 
lis. 2  A.  communicans  WHIksH.  3.  A. 
choroidea.  4.  A.  cerebralis  anterior.  5.  A. 
cerebralis  media. 

Furnishes,  1.  A.  vertebralis,  which  gives  off 
A.  spinalis  anterior  et  posterior,  A.  cere- 
bellosa  inferior,  and  forms — by  uniting  it- 
self with  that  of  the  opposite  side — the  A. 
basilaris,  divided  into  A.  cerebellosa  su- 
perior and  A.  cerebralis  posterior.  2.  A 
t/it/roidca  inferior,  which  gives  off  A.  cer- 
vicalis  ascendens.  3.  A.  mammaria  in- 
terna, which  gives  off  the  A.  mcdiastina 
anterior  and  A.  diaphragmatica  superior. 
4.  A.  intercostalis  sujierior.  5.  A.  cervica. 
lis  transversa.  6.  A.  scapularis  superii/r. 
7.  A.  cervicalis  posterior  vel  jirofunda. 
Farther  on,  the  subclavian  artery  contl- 
tinues  its  progress  under  the  name  A.  axil- 
laris. 

Furnishes,  1.  A.  acromialis.  2.  A.  thoracica 
superior.  3.  A.  l/ioracica  inferior  vel  lonya 
vel  mammaria  externa.  4.  A.  scapularis 
inferior  vel  communis.  5.  A.  circumfl(xa 
posterior.  6.  A.  circumflexa  anterior.  Far- 
ther on,  the  axillary  artery  continues  un- 
der the  name  A.  brachiaUs. 

Furnishes  A.  humeralis  j^rnfunda  vel  collate- 
ralis  (f^terna.  2.  A.  collaleralis  interna. 
It  afterwards  divides  into  the  radial  and 
cubital  arteries. 
[Gives  off  A.  recurrens  radialis,  A.  dorsalis 
carpi,  A.  dm-salis  meiacarpi,  A.  dorsalis 
pollicis,  and  terminates  in  forming  the 
Arcus  palmaris  jirofundus. 

Gives  off  A.  7-ecurrens  cuhitalis  anterior  and 
posterior:  A.  inlerossea  anterior  and  pos- 
terior, which  latter  furnishes  A.  recurrens 
radialis  posterior.  It  terminates  in  form- 
ing the  superficial  palmar  arcli,  which 
gives  off  A.  coUaterales  digitorum. 


C.  Arteries  ejiven  off  hy  the  Aorta  in  the  Thorax. 


Tliese 

arteries 

are, 


1.  A.  Sronchica.  dextra  et  sinistra. 

2.  A.  a-sopltagwa  (to  the  number  of  four, 

five,  or  six). 

3.  A.  mediastincE  posieriores. 

4.  A.    intereostales    inferiores    vel    aorticK 

(to  the  numlxjr  of  eight,  nine,  or  ten). 


d.  Arteries  furnished  hy  the  Aorta  in  the  Abdomen. 

if    S  ■  !•   Tbe    A.  diaphragmatica  vel  phrenica, 
Orancnes<,  ^j^^^^^  ^^  sinistra. 


2.  A 

Coiliaca. 


3.  A 

itesen- 

terica 

superior. 

4.  A 
Jfesen- 

terica 
inferior. 


Which  divides  into  three  branches,  1.  A.  co- 
ronaria ventriculi.  2.  A.  Hepatica.  which 
gives  off  A.  pylorica,  A.  gastro-epiploica 
dextra,  and  A.  cystica;  and,  lastly,  the  A. 
splenica,  which  gives  off  A.  gastro-epiplo- 
ica sinistra  and  Vasa  brevia. 

Which  gives  off  at  its  concavity  the  A.  cn- 
lica  dextra  supcrim;  media  el  inferitrr,  and 
at  its  convex  part  from  15  to  20  Kami  iu- 
testinales. 


Which  gives  off  A.  colica  snipei-ior  media, 
and  inferior,  and  divides  into  A.  hiemor- 
rhoidales  superiores. 

5.  The  A.  Ciipsulares  medics  (to  the  number  of  two  ou 

each  side). 

6.  A.  L'ennles  vel  Emulgentcs. 
1.  A.  Spermatico'. 

8.  A.  Lumlxires  (to  the  number  of  four  and  five  on 
each  side). 


ARTETISCUS 


9G 


ARTIIROLOGY 


ft.  A.  II- 

iaca  in--; 
terna. 


b.  A.  II- 
iaca  ex- 
terna. 


A.  Ou- 

ralis. 


A.  Pop- 
litsea. 


0.  Arteries  resulting  from   the  Bifurcation  of  the 
Aorta. 
The  Aorta,  a  little  above  its  Bifurcation,  si^es  off 
the  A.  sacra  media,  and  divides  into  A.  iliacce  primi- 
tivce. 
A.  llmra  ( pj^j^j^j,  j^j^  ^_  ^j-^^^  interna  and  A.  lliaca 

r Furnishes,  1.  A.ilio-lumharis.  2.  A.  sacra 
lateralis.  3.  A  glutea  vel  iliaca  posterior. 
4.  A.  umbilicalis.  5.  A.  ve^calis.  6.  A. 
oUwatoria.  7.  A.  hmmnrrhoidea  media. 
8.  A.  uterina.  9.  A.  vaginalis.  10.  A. 
ischiatica.  11.  ^.  pwlenda  interna,  which 
gives  off  the  A.  hemorrhoidales  inferiores. 
A.  of  the,  septum,  A.  transversa  perinei, 
A.  corporis  cavernosi,  and  A.  dnrsalis  penis. 

'  Furnishes,  1.  A.  epigastrica,  2.  A.  iliaca  an- 
terior vel  drcumjlexa  ilii,  and  is  continued 
afterwards  under  the  name  of  Crural  Ar- 
tery. 

'Furnishes,  1.^.  suhcidanea  ahdominalis.  2. 
A. pwlenda  superjiciulis  undprofunda.  3. 
A.  muscularis  sufxrjicialis.  4.  A.  muscu- 
laris  profunda,  which  gives  off  the  A.  cir- 
oumflexa  externa  and  interna,  and  the 
three  I'erforantes,  distinE;uishod  into  su- 
perior, middle,  and  inferior.  Farther  on, 
the  crural  artery  continues  under  the  name 
A.  Pnplitma. 

'Furnishes,  1.  A.  Articulares  superiores,  in- 
terna, media,  et  exrterna.  2.  A.  Gamellce. 
3.  A.  Articulares  inferiores,  interna  et  ex- 
terna. 4.  A  tibialis  antica,  which,  at  the 
foot,  taljes  the  name  A.  dorsalis  tarsi,  and 
gives  off  the  tarsal  and  metatarsal  arte- 
ries. In  the  leg,  the  popliteal  artery  di- 
viiles  into  the  peroneal  and  posterior 
tibial. 

1.  A.  Fe-  C  Divides  into  A. peronwa  antica  a.n(i  A. pero?ia!a 
rona;a.    }      poxtica. 

f  Divides    into    A.   plantaris  interna  and  A. 
I     plantaris  externa.    The  latter,  by  anasto- 

2.  A.  Ti-  I      mosing   with   the  A.  dnrsalis  tarsi,  forms 
bialis    J.      the  plantar  arch,  whence  arise  Hami  su- 

postica  periores  Tel  perforante.s  postici,  R.  Tnferi- 

I      ores  postici  et  a)itici,  which  give  off  liami 
L     perforantes  antici. 

Artery,  Angular,  Facial  artery — a.  Articu- 
lar, Circumflex  artery — a.  Brachiocephalic,  Inno- 
ininata  arteria — a.  Central  of  the  retina,  Central 
artery  of  the  retina — a.  Central  of  Zinn,  Central 
artery  of  the  retina  —  a.  Cephalic,  Carotid  —  a. 
Cerebral  posterior,  Vertebral — a.  Cervico-scapu- 
lar,  see  Cervical  arteries — a.  Coronary  of  the  lips. 
Labial  artery — a.  Crotaphite,  Temporal  artery — 
a.  Fibular,  Peroneal  artery  —  a.  Gastric  inferior, 
Gastro-epiploic  artery  —  a.  Gastro-hepa-tic,  see 
Gastro-epiploic  iirtery — a.  Genital,  Pudic  (inter- 
nal) artery — a.  Guttural  inferior,  Th3'roideal  A. 
inferior — a.  Guttural  superior,  Thyroideal  A.  su- 
perior— a.  Humeral,  Brachial  artery — a.  Iliac 
posterior.  Gluteal  artery — a.  Iliaco-muscular, 
Ileo-lumbar  artery — a.  Labial,  Facial  artery — a. 
Laryngeal  superior,  Thyroideal  artery,  superior 
— a.  Maxillary  internal.  Facial  artery — a.  Median 
of  the  sacrum,  Sacral  artery,  anterior — a.  Nasal, 
lateral,  large,  Spheno-palatine  artery — a.  Palato- 
labial,  Facial  artery  —  a.  Pericophalic,  Carotid 
(external)  —  a.  Pharyngeal,  superior,  Pterygo- 
palatine artery — a.  Phrenic,  Diaphragmatic  ar- 
tery— a.  Posterior,  of  the  brain,  sge  Cerebral  ar- 
teries— a.  External  scapular,  Acromial  artery — 
a.  Spinal,  Meningeal  artery,  middle — a.  Subcla- 
vian right,  Innorainata  arteria — a.  Subscapular, 
Scapular  artery,  inferior — a.  Superficial  of  the 
abdomen.  Ad  cutem  abdominis  (arteria) — a.  Su- 
pramaxillary.  Alveolar  artery  —  a.  Suprarenal, 
Capsular  artery — a.  Thoracic,  internal,  Mammary 
internal — a.  Urethro-bulbar,  Transverse  perineal 
artery  —  a.  Vesico-prostatie,  Vesical  artery  —  a. 
Vidian.  Ptervgoid  artery. 

ARTETIS'CUS,  from  arf!(8,  'a  limb.'    One  who 
has  lost  a  limb. 

ARTEURYSMA.  Aneurism. 

ARTHANI'TA,  from  aproj,  'bread;'  the  Cyc'- 


Inmcn  or  Sowbread.     It  was  formerly  made  into 
ointment,     Unguen'tnm    Arthani'ta.,    with     many 
other  substances,  and  was  employed  as  a  purga- 
tive, being  rubbed  on  the  abdomen. 
Arthanita  Cyclamen,  Cyclamen. 
ARTHETICA,  Tcucrium  chamaepitys. 
ARTHRAGRA,  Gout— a.  Anomala,  Gout,  an- 
omalous— a.  Genuina,  Gout,  regular — a.  Legiti- 
ma,  Gout,  regular— a.  Normalis,  Gout,  regular — 
a.  Vera,  Gout,  regular. 

ARTHRALGIA,  Arthrodynia,  Gout.  See  Lead 
rheumatism. 

ARTHRELCO'SIS,  from  ap^pov,  'a  joint,'  and 
'tXA-uKTtj,  'ulceration.'     Ulceration  of  a  joint. 

ARTHREMBOLE'SIS,  same  etymon  as  the 
next.     The  reduction  of  a  fracture  or  luxation. 

ARTHREM'BOLUS,    from    ap^pov,    'a  joint," 
£v,  'in,'  and  /3aXXu,  'I  cast.'     An  ancient  instru- 
ment used  in  the  reduction  of  dislocations. 
ARTIIRETICA,  Teucrium  chamaspitys. 
AKT\i'RlTlC,Arthrit'icus,  Gouty,  irom  ap^pov, 
'ajoint.'    (F.)  Arthritique,  Gontteux.    That  which 
relates  to  gout  or  arthritis,  as  arthritic  symptoms, 
&c.     See  Podagric. 
ARTHRITICUS  VERUS,  Gout. 
ARTHRITIF'UGUM,  from   arthritis,   'gout,' 
and  fugare,  'to    drive    away.'      A  remedy  that 
drives    away   gout.     Heyden    terms  cold  water, 
internally,  the  arthritif'ugnm  magnum. 

ARTHRITIS,  Gout,  Arthrophlogosis,  Arthro- 
sia — a.  Aberrans,  Gout  (wandering) — a.  Acuta, 
Gout  (regular) — a.  Arthrodynia,  Rheumatism, 
chronic — a.  Asthenica,  Gout  (atonic) — a.  Atonic, 
Gout  (atonic) — a.  Diaphragmatica,  Angina  Pec- 
toris— a.  Erratica,  Gout  (wandering) — a.  Hydrar- 
thros,  Ilydrarthrus — a.  Inflammatoria,  Gout  (re- 
gular) — a.  Juvenilis,  see  Rheumatism,  acute — a. 
Maxillaris,  Siagonagra — a.  Nodosa,  Gout  (with 
nodosities) — a.  Planetica,  Gout  (wandering) — a. 
Podagra,  Gout — a.  Rheumatica,  see  Rheumatism, 
acute — a.  Rheuraatismus,  Rheumatism,  acute — 
a.  Retrograda,  Gout  (retrograde). 

ARTHROC'ACE,  from  ap^pov,  'a  joint,'  and 
KaKOi,  'bad.'  Disease  of  the  joints;  and  espe- 
cially caries  of  the  articular  surfaces.  Spina 
ventosa. 
Arthrocace  Coxarum,  Coxarum  morbus. 
ARTHROCACOLOG"IA,  from  arthrocaeia— 
according  to  Rust,  a  chronic  disease  of  the  joints; 
and  Xoyos,  'a  description.'  A  treatise  on  chronic 
diseases  of  the  joints. 

ARTHROCARCINO'MA,  from  apSpov,  'a 
'joint,'  and  KapKtvtaita,  'cancer.'  Cancer  of  the 
joints. 

ARTHROCnONDRI'TISjfroraapSpol/, 'a 
joint,'  ;;^oi'i5pof,  'a  cartilage,'  and  itis,  denoting 
inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  cartilages 
and  joints. 

ARTHRO'DIA,  from  ap&pov,  'a  joint.'  Adar- 
ticula'tio,  (F.)  Etifonrure,  Enfoncenrc.  A  move- 
able joint,  formed  by  the  head  of  a  lionc  applied 
to  the  surface  of  a  shallow  socket,  so  that  it  can 
execute  movements  in  every  direction.  Arthro'- 
dium  is  '  a  small  joint;'  diminutive  of  Arthrodia. 
ARTHRODYN'IA,  Arthronal'gia,  Arthral'gia, 
from  ap^pov,  'a  joint,'  and  oivvrj,  'pain.'  Articu- 
lar pain.  Pain  in  the  joints.  See  Rheumatism, 
chronic. 

ARTHRonYNiA  Podagrica,  Gout. 
ARTHROG'RAPHY,     Arthrograph'ia,     from 
ap^pov,  'a  joint,'  and    ypatpw,  'I  write.'     A  de- 
scription of  the  ioints. 

ARTHROGRYPO'SIS,  from  ap^pov,  'a  joint,' 
and  ypuOTo),  'I  ineurvate.'  Malposition  of  the 
joints,  especially  of  the  hands  and  feet. 
ARTHROHYDRINE,  Synovia. 
ARTHROL'OGY,  Arihrolog"ia,  from  ap5pov, 
'a  joint,'  and  'Xoyog,  'a  description.'  A  descrip- 
tion of  the  joints.     The  anatomy  of  the  joints. 


ARTHROMBOLE 


9' 


ARTIFICIAL 


ATITIIR0MT50LE,  from  ap^poi;,  and  0an<D, 
'I  cast.'  Coaiitation,  reduction.  Reduction  of 
a  luxated  or  fractured  V)i)ne. 

AliTllliOMKNlXGITIS.  Meningarthrocaee. 
Al'iTIIllON,  'ajoint.'     The  ancients  used  the 
word  Art/iroii  for  the  articulation  of  bones  with 
motion,  in  oj^ixhsition  to  Sijmphijiils,  or  articula- 
tion wirliout  motion. 

ART!!  ROXAL(iIA,  Arthrodynia. 

ARTURON'CUS,  Arthro])}n/'nia,  from  ap^pov, 
*a  joint,'  and  oyKos,  'a  swelling.'  Tumefaction 
of  a  iniiit. 

ARTHRONEMPYESIS,  Arthropyosis. 

A  RTllR01"ATHY,A(?/iro;)f(</((''«,  from  ap^pov, 
*a  joint,'  and  naS-os,  'afi'ection.'  A  disease  of  the 
joints. 

ARTIIROPIILOGO'SIS,  from  ap^pov,  'ajoint,' 
and  <i.\cyoi,  '  I  burn  :'  Arthri'tie,  Ost-arthro'sia. 
Inflaiiiination  of  the  joints. 

ARTHKOniLOGbSIS  SYNOVIALIS,  Syno- 
vitis. 

ARTIIROPHYMA  ADENOCIIONDRIUM, 
see  Adcndchondrius. 

ARTlIKOPYO'SrS,  ArtJtronempT/e'sis,  from 
ap^pov,  'a  joint,'  and  itvov,  'pus.'  Suppuration 
or  ahscoss  of  tlic  joints. 

ARTIIRO-RIIEUMATISMUS,  Rheumatism 
(acute). 

ARTIIRO'SIA,  from  ap^ijou,,  'I  articulate.' 
ArtliritiH,  (of  some).  Inflammation,  mostly  con- 
fined to  the  joints;  sevcrel.y  painful ;  occasionally 
extending  to  the  i^urrounding  nniscles.  A  genus 
of  diseases  in  the  Nosology  of  Good,  including 
Jiheuiiiatiam,  Goitt,  Articular  injlammution,  Joint- 
ache,  &c. 

AitTHnosiA  Acuta,  Rheumatism,  acute  —  a. 
Chronica,  Rheumatism,  chronic — a.  Lumborum, 
Lumbago — a.  Podagra,  Gout — a.  Podagra  com- 
plicata,  Gout  (retrograde) — a.  Podagra  larvata, 
Gout  (atonic) — a.  Podagra  regularis,  Gout  (re- 
gular). 

AKTIIROSTR,  Articulation. 

ARTIIROSPON'GUS,  from  ap^pov,  'a  joint,' 
and  oToyyof,  'a  sponge.'  A  white,  fungous  tu- 
mour of  the  joints. 

ARTIIUOTRAU'JrA,  from  ap&pov,  'a  joint,' 
and  Tftiiv/jii,  'a  wound.'     A  wound  of  a  joint. 

AR'TIA.  According  to  some,  this  word  is  sy- 
nonymous with  aprnpia;  Others  use  it  synony- 
mously with   Trrirlien. 

AllTK'llAUT,  Cynara  scolymus. 

ARTirilOKE,  Cynara  scolymus. 

AIITICI.E,  Articulation — a.  of  Death,  see 
Psychorngos. 

ARTICOCALUS,  Cynara  scolymus. 

ARTICULAR,  Articiila'ris,  (F.)  Articvlnire, 
from  nrfii.1,  'a  joint;'  articultis,  'a  small  joint.' 
That  which  relates  to  the  articulations — as  the 
arliciiliir  ciipaii/eH,  &c. 

AuTiciiLAit  Arteries  of  the  Arm,  Circumflex 
arteries  of  the  arm. 

Ainic'ui.AR  Au'teries  op  the  Knee  arise 
from  the  popliteal  artery,  and  surround  the  tibio- 
femoral articulation.  Although  of  a  small  size, 
they  are  important,  as  they  furnish  blood  to  the 
lower  extremity  after  the  operation  for  popliteal 
aneurism.  They  are  distinguished  into  superior 
and  inferior.  The  superior  artioilnr  arteries, 
])op?ii)(il  nrticiilfir  arterio,  are  commonly  three 
in  number;  one  of  which  is  iiitertial,  another  ex- 
ternal, and  another  middle,  the  az'yrfoua  artic'- 
idiir.  Th-e  first,  Jiamits  niiastomot'icns  mngitus, 
anastomoses  by  one  branch  with  the  external  cir- 
cumflex, and  by  another  with  the  external  su])e- 
rior  articular.  The  second  anastomoses  with  the 
external  circumflex,  the  superior  internal  arti- 
cular, and  the  inferior  external  articular;  and 
the  third  is  distributed  within  the  joint.  The  in- 
ferior articular  arteries  are  two  in  number  :  an 
7 


internal  and  external.  The  former  anastomoses 
with  the  internal  superior  articular  and  the  ex- 
ternal inferior  articular.  The  latter  anastomoses 
with  the  recurrent  branch  of  the  anterior  tibial, 
and  the  external  superior  articular.  To  each 
articular  artery  there  is  an  articular  nerve. 

AnTic'ui-AR  Facettes'  are  the  contiguous 
surfaces,  by  means  of  which  the  bones  are  arti- 
culated. 

Articular  Processes,  see  Vertebrae. 

Artic'ui.ar  Veins  of  the  knee  follow  the 
same  course  as  the  arteries. 

ARTICULATED,  Articula'tus,  (F.)  ArticnU, 
same  etymon  as  Articulation.  Provided  with,  or 
united  by,  articulations  ;  as  an  '  articulated  skele- 
ton.' See  Skeleton,  articulated;  and  Voice,  ar- 
ticulated. 

ARTICULATIO,  Articulation— a.  Artifieialis, 
Pseudarthrosis — a.  Notha,  Pseudarthrosis. 

ARTICULA'TIOX,  Joint,  Articula'tlo,  Ar- 
thro'sis,  AisartJno'ais,  Artic'ulus,  Junctu'ra,  Cola, 
(Jonjunc'lio,  Nodus,  Commissu'  ra,  Compa'tjes, 
Sijntax'ia,  JIar'mua,  Vertic'ula,  Vertic'uluH,  Ver- 
tic'ulnm,  (F.)  Articulation,  Article.  By  some  of 
the  French  surgeons  and  anatomists,  article  is 
restricted  more  particularly  to  a  movable  articu- 
lation. Same  etymon.  The  union  of  bones  with 
each  other,  as  well  as  the  kind  of  union. 

table  op  articulations. 

Articulations  are  generally  divided  into  Dlar- 
tJiroses  or  movable  articulations,  and  Hi/nar- 
throsea  or  immovable. 

1.  Amphiarthrosis. 

2.  Diurtlirosis,  or bicu- /En arthrosis, 
liir  vague.  (  Artlirodin. 

3.  Altfirn.itive   or   Gingljmus,   which 
admits  of  varieties. 

1.  '-utiire. 

2.  Harmony. 

3.  Gnmphosis. 

[  4.  Scliindjicsis. 

The  articulations  are  subject  to  a  number  of 
diseases,  which  are  generally  somewhat  severe. 
These  may  be  physical,  as  wounds,  sprains,  luxa- 
tions, (fee;  or  they  may  be  organic,  as  ankylosis, 
extraneous  bodies,  caries,  rheumatism,  gout,  hy- 
drarthroses, arthropyosis,  Ac. 

Articulation  means  also  the  combination  of 
letters  which  constitute  words.     See  Voice. 

Articulation,  False,  Pseiidarthro'sia,  Artic'- 
ulus  fal-sHS,  (F.)  A.  ffiusse,  A.  accidentelle,  A. 
contre  nature,  A.  anorniale.  A  false  joint,  formed 
between  fragments  of  bone,  that  have  remained 
ununited  ;  or  between  a  luxated  bone  and  the 
surrounding  parts. 

AR  TICULA  TION  SURNUMERAIRE, 
Pseudarthrosis — a.  en  Charniere,  Ginglymus — a. 
de  la  Haiiche.  Coxo-femoral  articulation. 

ARTICULI  DIGITORUM  MANUS,  Phalan- 
ges of  the  fingers — a.  Digitorum  pedis.  Phalanges 
of  the  toes. 

ARTICULO  MORTIS,  see  Psychorages  — a. 
Spinalis,  Semispinalis  colli. 

ARTICULUS  NOVUS,  Pseudarthrosis— a. 
Pra'ternaturalis,  Pseudarthrosis  —  a.  Sfturius, 
Pseudarthrosis. 

ARTIFICIAL,  Artifcia'lis,  (F.)  Arfifcicl, 
from  ars,  artis,  'art,'  and  facere,  'to  make.' 
That  which  is  formed  by  art. 

Artificial  Eyes  are  usually  made  of  enamel, 
and  repres-ent  a  sort  of  hollow  hemisphere,  which 
is  applied  beneath  the  eyelids,  when  the  eye  is 
lost. 

Artificial  Teeth  are  made  of  ivory,  porct- 
lain,  Ac. 

Pieces  d' Anatomic  Artificielles,  are  prepara- 
.tions  of  anatomy,  modelled  in  wax,  plaster,  pa- 
per, Ac. 


Diarthroscs. 


Synarthroses. 


ARTISCOCCUS   L.EVIS 


98 


ASARUM 


AKTTSCOCCUS  L^VIS,  Cynara  scolymus. 

ARTIS'CUS,  from  a/iros,  'bread.'  See  Tro- 
chiscus.  A  troch  of  the  shape  of  a  siiiall  loaf. 
Also,  and  especially,  a  troph  made  of  vipers. 

ARTOCARPUS.  The  Bread-fruit  Tree,  (F.) 
Jiii/iiier,  from  apros,  'bread,'  and  Kapiros,  'fruit.' 
A  Polynesian  tree,  so  called  because  the  fruit, 
which  is  milky,  and  juicy,  supplies  the  place  of 
bread  to  the  inhabitants.  It  grows  to  the  height 
of  40  feet. 

AriTocARPUS  In'tegripoi.ia,  Caoutchouc. 

ARTOC'REAS,  from  «pro{,  '  bread,'  and  Kpeas, 
'flesh.'  A  kind  of  nourishing  food  made  of  va- 
rious aliments  boiled  together. — Galen. 

ARTOCi'ALA,  from  aproi,  'bread,'  and  ya>.a, 
'milk.'  An  alimentary  preparation  of  bread  and 
milk.     A  poultice. 

ARTOM'ELI.  from  aprog,  'bread,'  and  ficXi, 
'honey.'  A  cataplasm  of  bread  and  honey. — 
Galen. 

ARTUS,  Merabrum. 

ARTVMA,  Aroma,  Condiment. 

ARUM,  A.  maculatuui.  and  A-  triphyllum — a. 
Americanum  betae  foliis,  Draeontium  foetidum. 

AUUM  Dkacon'tium,  Arintr/ma  dracoii'tium, 
Green  Dragon;  indigenous,  has  probably  the 
same  medical  properties  as  A.  triphyllum. 

Arum  Dracun'culus,  A.  jiolyphyl'lnm,  Drn- 
cnn'culiis  pdhjphijl'lun,  Cohibri' na  Dracon'tia, 
Erva  de  Suncta  Maria,  Gig'arws  serpenta'ria, 
Serpeiitd'ria  Gallo'rnm.  Family,  Aracea?.  Sex. 
Syxt.  Monoecia  Polyandria.  The  roots  and  leaves 
are  very  acrimonious.  The  plant  resembles  the 
A.  maenla'tum  in  its  properties. 

Arum  Escui.en'tum,  Cula'dium  cscnlcn'tnm. 
Turo,  Kalo.  The  foliage  and  roots  possess  acrid 
qualities,  which  are  dissipated  by  baking  or  boil- 
ing; in  which  form  it  is  used  as  food  by  the 
people  of  Madeira,  the  Polynesians,  <fec. 

Arum  JiACULA'TUkf,  Avon,  Arum  (of  the  older 
writers),  A.  vnhja're,  CitrJcow  Pint,  (Prov.)  Cocky- 
hdhy,  Barha  Aitra'nis,  Serpenta'ria  minor,  Zin'- 
yiber  German'  iciiin,  Saeerdo'tis  pr.nin,  WaJie 
Itohin,  Priest's  pintle,  (P.)  Gouet,  Pied  de  Venn, 
Piedde  liecre,  Picotin,  Giron,  Amidonniere.  The 
fresh  root  is  stimulant  internally.  Dose,  Qj.  of 
the  dried  root.  Externally,  it  is  very  acrid. 
From  the  root  of  this  Arum  a  starch  is  prepared, 
which  is  called  Portland  Island  Sago,  Gersa  ser- 
penta'ria, Cerus'sa  serpenta'rice,  JPec'ula  ari 
wacnla'ti. 

Arum,  Three-Lraved,  Arum  triphyllum. 

Arum  Triphyl'lum,  Arism'ma  atromhens, 
Three-leaved  arum,  (F.)  Pied  de  Veau  triphyUe, 
Indian  Turnip,  I)rai/on  Hoot,  Drar/on  Turnip, 
Pepper  Turnip.  This  plant  grows  all  over  the 
United  States,  and  is  received  into  the  Pharma- 
copoeia under  the  title  Arum.  The  recent  root, 
or  Cormus — Arum,  (Ph.  U.  S) — is  very  acrimo- 
nious, and  has  been  employed  in  asthma,  croup, 
and  hooping-cough.  Boiled  in  lard,  it  has  been 
used  in  tinea  capitis,  and  in  milk  in  consumption. 

Arum  Virginicum,  Peltandra  Virginica  —  a. 
Vulgare,  A.  maculatum — a.  Water,  Calla  palus- 
tris. 

ARUMARI,  Caramata. 

ARUXDO  BAMBOS,  Bamhoo  — a.  Brachii 
innjor,  Ulna  —  a.  Brachii  minor,  Radius  —  a.  Iii- 
dica,  Sagittarium  alexipharmacum  —  n.  JMajor, 
Tibia  —  a.  Minor,  Fibula  —  a.  Saccharifera,  see 
Saecharum. 

AHVA.  Ava. 

ARVUM.  Vulva — a.  iSTaturae,  Uterus. 
ARY-ARYTENOID.EUS.  Arytenoidtcus  — a. 
Epiglotticus,  Arytaeno-epiglotticus. 

ARYTyE'XA,  ai.vmtva.  'a  ladle.'     Ilence, 
ARYTiE'NO-EPIGLOT'TICUS,  yl/-i//ffi'no- 
epi(]tottid(B'us,  Ary-epi<jlot'ticus.    That  which  be- 
longs to  the  arytenoid  cartilages  and  epiglottis. 


Winslow  gives  this  name  to  small,  fleshy  fasci- 
culi, which  are  attached,  at  one  extremity,  to  the 
arytenoid  cartilages,  and,  by  the  other,  to  the  free 
edge  of  the  epiglottis.  These  fibres  do  not  aU 
waTs  exist.  They  form  part  of  the  arytenoid 
muscle  of  moilcrn  anatomists. 

ARYT'EXUID,  ArytanoVdes,  Arytenoida'us, 
from  apvTaii/a,  'a,  ladle,'  and  uios, '  shape.'  Ladle- 
shaped. 

Arytenoid  Car'tilages,  Cartilar/"ines  aryle- 
nni'des  seu  gnttura'lcs  seu  (jutturi'na  sen  ijutturi- 
for'mes  seu  triq' uetra,  Guttnr'nia,  are  two  carti- 
lages  of  the  larynx,  situate  posteriorly  above  the 
cricoid,  which,  by  approximation,  diminish  the 
aperture  of  the  glottis.  Their  upper  extremities 
or  cornua  are  turned  towards  each  other,  and  are 
now  and  then  found  loose,  in  the  form  of  appen- 
dices, which  are  considered,  by  some,  as  distinct 
cartilages,  and  termed  cuneiform  or  tubercnluted 
Cartilages,  Comic' uln  Laryn'gis. 

Arytenoid  Glands,  Gland'ulcB  Aryfenoidrn'm, 
are  small,  glandular,  whitish  bodies,  situate  an- 
terior to  the  A.  cartilages.  They  pour  out  a  mu- 
cous fluid  to  lubricate  the  larynx. 

AllYTENOIDiE'US,  (F.)  Arytenoidien.  A 
small  muscle,  which  passes  from  one  arytenoid 
cartilage  to  the  other,  by  its  contraction  brings 
them  together,  and  diminishes  the  aperture  of 
the  glottis.  Winslow  divided  the  muscle  into 
three  portions; — t\\Q  Arytenoidoe'us  transver'siis, 
or  Ary-arytenoidce'us,  and  two  Arytenoidm'i  ob- 
li'qui. 

ARYTIIM,  Aryth'mia,  from  a,  privative,  and 
pvOiioi,  'rhythm,'  'measure.'  Irregularity.  This 
word  is  applied  chiefly  to  the  pulse. 

ASA,  Asafoetida.  See  Assa  —  a.  Dulcis,  Ben- 
jamin. 

ASA'E(ETl'T>A,.Assafce'tida  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Assa- 
fet'ida,  Stercus  diab'oli,  Cibus  Deo'rum,  Asa, 
Devil's  dung.  Food  of  the  Gods.  A  gum-resin  — 
the  concrete  juice  of  Ferula  Assafa'tida,  A'nr- 
thex  Assdfaitida.  Order,  Umbelliferae.  It  is  in 
small  masses  of  a  whitish,  reddish,  and  violet 
hue,  adhering  together.  Taste  bitter  and  suba- 
crid  :  smell  insupportably  alliaceous.  The  Asi- 
atics use  it  regularly  as  a  condiment. 

Its  medical  properties  are  antispasmodic,  sti- 
mulant, and  anthelmintic.  Dose,  gr.  v  to  xx,  in 
pill. 

ASAGR^^.A  OFFICINALIS,  see  Veratrina. 

AS' A  PES,  Asip'ton,  properly,  not  putrid,  from 
a,  privative,  and  aanm,  or  (j^jto),  'I  corrupt.'  A 
term  applied  by  Hippocrates  to  the  sputa,  or  to 
other  matters  evacuated,  which  do  not  give  signs 
of  coction. 

ASAPH'ATUM,  from  a,  privative,  and  tru^iif, 
'clear.'  This  term  has  been  applied  to  collec- 
tions in  the  sebaceous  follicles  of  the  skin,  which 
may  be  pressed  out  like  little  worms,  with  a  black 
head.     See  Acne. 

ASAPHI'A,  from  a,  privative,  and  catpr]i, 
'clear.'  Dyspho'nin  immodula'ta  palati'na,  J'a- 
rapho'nia  guttura'lis  seu  palati'na.  Defective 
articulation,  dependent  upon  diseased  palate.— 
Hippocrates,  Vogel. 

ASARABACCA,  Asarum— a.  Broad-leaved, 
Asnniin  Canadense. 

ASAR'CON,  from  a,  priv.,  and  aap^,  'flesh.' 
Devoid  of  flesh.  Aristotle  uses  the  term  for  the 
head  when  it  is  but  little  fleshy,  compared  with 
the  chest  and  abdomen. 

ASARET,  Asarum  —  a.  du  Canada,  Asarum 
Canadense. 

ASARI'TES,  from  aaapov,  'the  asarum.'  A 
diuretic  wine,  of  which  asarum  was  an  ingredient. 
— Dioseorides. 

AS'ARU.M,  from  a,  privative,  and  tratpeiv,  'to 
adorn  :'  because  not  admitted  into  the  ancient 
coronal  wreaths    [?],    As'arum  Europa'um  sou 


ASBESTOS   SCALL 


99 


ASCLEPIAS    ALBA 


offl.in'nn'!p,  NardiiH  Monta'nn  sen  RiiHt'icn,  Az'- 
fu-um.  (F.)  An,iret  on  Cnbiiret,  Aznrinn  Cah'iret. 
Oreille  d'homme,  Oreilletle,  Girnrd-RouHnin,  Nurd 
S'litvnge.  Order,  Aristolochiaceac,  Sea-.  Synf. 
Dodecandria  MonoRynia.  The  plant,  used  in 
medicine,  is  the  An'urHtH  Eiiropm'nm,  Ainrabac'- 
va,  and  of  this  the  leaves.  They  are  emetic, 
cathartic,  and  errhine,  but  are  h^irdly  ever  em- 
jiiiiyed,  except  for  the  last  purpose. 

ASARUM  Canadrn'sk,  A.  Cnrtdhtifi'nvm,  Cn- 
<ir<d(i  Sii<il:'-roi)t,  Wild  (Siiujer,  Colt's  Foot,  Broad- 
leaf  Aiarahacca,  Indian  Giiir/er,  Heart  Siiake- 
rixtt,  (1<\)  Axaret  du  Canada.  The  root  AH'ai-um, 
(Ph.  U.  S.),  is  used  as  a  substitute  for  ginger,  and 
is  said  to  act  as  a  warm  stimulant  and  dia- 
]ih(irotic. 

AsARUw  Carolinianum,  a.  Canadense  —  a. 
Europieum,  see  Asarum  —  a.  Ilypocistis,  Cytinus 
liypooisfis — a.  Officinale,  see  Asarum. 

■  ASBESTOS  SCALL,  see  Eczema  of  the  hairy 
scalp. 

ASCATN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Ascain 
is  a  village,  situate  about  a  league  from  St.  Jean- 
<le-Luz,  in  France.  The  witter  is  a  eold  chaly- 
beate. 

ASCARDAMYC'TES,  from  a,  privative,  and 
nKap&uiJvrTu),  '  I  twinkle  the  eyes.'  One  who  stares 
with  tixed  eyes,  without  moving  the  eyelids. — 
llippoerates. 

ASCARICIDA  ANTIIELMINTICA,  Verno- 
tiia  anthelmintica. 

ASrARfDE^  LUMnniCOiDE,  Ascarislum- 
briciiides — a.   Vermindaire,  .\scaris  vermieularis. 

AS'CARIS,  pi.  ASCAR'IDES,  from  «(r*a,„^a), 
'  I  lca|).'  A  genus  of  intestinal  worms,  cbarac- 
t'Tized  by  a  long,  cylindrical  body,  extenuated 
at  the  extremities;  and  having  a  mouth  furnished 
with  three  tubereules,  from  which  a  very  short 
tube  is  sometimes  seen  issuing.  Formerly,  there 
vcro  reckoned  two  varieties  of  the  Ascaris  —  the 
An'i-iiris  liiiidjrieo'i'dcs  seu  f/ii/as  hoiti'inin,  Lidii- 
lii-i'ma,  L.  teres  fioiii'inis,  Scolex,  (F.)  Loiiibri- 
eiiide,  Asearide  lomhrico'ide,  Lomhric,  or  long 
round  worm  ;  and  the  As'caris  Vennicida'ris 
—  the  Ascaris  proper  —  the  thread  worm  or  maw 
irorni.  The  former  is  alone  included  under 
tlie  genus,  at  present — a  new  genus  having  been 
formed  of  the  A.  vermieularis,  under  the  name 
Oxyuris.  It  is  the  O.ri/u'ris  seu  Fiisa'ria  rer- 
micida'ris,  (F.)  Asearide,  A.  verniieulaire,  Ojcyiire 
vermleidaire. 

A  new  s]iecies  of  entozoa  has  been  found  by 
Dr.  Reliingham,  the  As'caris  alu'ta. 

AscAius  Alata.  see  Ascaris — a.  Gigas  horainis, 
see  Ascaris  —  a.  Luinbricoides,  see  Ascaris  —  a. 
Renalis,  Stronjjylus  gigas — a.  Trichuria,  Tricho- 
copbalns — a.  Vermieularis,  see  Ascaris — a.  Visce- 
ralis.  Strongylus  gigas. 

AS'CELES,  As'keles,  Carens  cru'rihns,  from  a, 
privative,  and  cr/ctAof,  'a  leg.'  One  who  has  no 
legs. 

ASCELLA,  Axilla. 

ASCEX'DENS,  from  ascendere,  (ad  and  sean- 
(iere,)  'to  ascend.'  (F.)  Ascendant.  Parts  are 
thus  called,  which  are  supposed  to  arise  in  a  re- 
gion lower  than  that  where  they  terminate.  Thus, 
Aorta  ascendens  is  the  aorta  from  its  origin  to  the 
arch  :  Vena  earn  aseendcns,  the  large  vein  which 
(ariips  the  blood  from  the  inferior  parts  to  the 
hc.irt:  Oldiqniis  ascendens  (vuiscle),  the  lesser 
olilif|ue  muscle  of  the  abdomen,  <tc. 

ASOKN'SUS  MORBL  The  period  of  increase 
of  a  disease. 

ASrflRRSONIAN  VESICLES,  see  Vesicles, 
Aschersonian. 

ASCl'STS.  Exercise. 

ASrillL,  Scilla. 

ASnilSTODAC'TYLUS,  Si/ndac'tyl,:s,  from 
a,    privative,    a^^iaro:,  'cleft;'   and    i^uktiXoj,    'a 


finger.'  A  monster  whose  fingers  are  not  sepa- 
rated from  one  another. — Gurlt. 

AS'CIA  (an  axe),  Axine,  Seepar'nos,  Dol'ahra, 
Fas'eia  spiralis.  Name  of  a  bandage  mentioned 
by  the  ancients,  and  figured  by  Scultetus,  in  the 
shape  of  an  axe  or  hatchet.— Galen.    See  Doloire. 

ASCILLA,  Axilla. 

ASCITE,  Ascites — a.  Peritoneale,  Ascites. 

ASCI'TES,  from  a(XKos,  'a  leathern  sack,  a 
large  heUy:' —  Aski'tes,  Hydroee'le  Peritona'i, 
Hifdrops  Ahdom'inis  seu  Ascites,  Hijdrofjas'ter, 
Ihjdroperitone'nm,  Hijdroece'lia,  Ilijdre' trum,  As- 
cli'tes,  Cwh'och't/sts,  Dropsy  of  the  lower  belli/, 
Dropsy  of  the  Peritone'um,  (F.)  Ascite,  A.  pfrito- 
neale,  Hydro-perilonie,  Hydrojiisie  du  Bas-ventre 
ou  dn  peritoine.  A  collection  of  serous  fluid  in 
the  abdomen.  Ascites  proper  is  dropsy  of  the 
peritoneum;  and  is  characterized  by  increased 
size  of  the  abdomen,  by  fluctuation  and  the  gene- 
ral signs  of  drojisy.  It  is  rarely  a  primary  dis- 
ease: but  is  alwaj-s  danj;erous,  and  but  little  sus- 
ceptible of  cure.  Most  generally,  it  is  owing  to 
obstructed  circulation  in  some  of  the  viscera,  or 
to  excitement  of  the  vessels  of  the  abdominal 
organs.  The  treatment  is  essentially  the  same 
as  that  of  other  dropsies.  Paracentesis,  when 
had  recourse  to,  can  only  be  regarded  as  a  pal- 
liative. 

Dropsy  of  the  peritoneum  may  also  be  saccated 
or  in  cysts,  and  occasionally  the  fluid  accumulates 
exterior  to  the  peritoneum,  Ilydreplrjas'trinm. 
When  in  cysts  it  is  termed  Ilydroeys'tis,  Hydrops 
ahdom'inis  sacca'tiis  seu  cys'ticus  and  Asei'tes 
saeca'tns. 

Ascites  IIepato-Cysticus,  Turgescentia  vesi- 
cula;  felletc — a.  Ovarii,  Hydrops  ovarii — a.  Puru- 
lentus,  Pyocnelia  —  a.  Saccatus,  see  Ascites,  lly- 
droarion,  and  Hydrops  ovarii. 

ASCIT'IC,  Aseit'icus,  (F.)  Aseitiqne.  Relating 
or  appertaining  to,  or  affected  with,  ascites. 

ASCLEPI'AD^E,  Asdepi'ades,  from  AcKXriTtos, 
'iEsoulapius.'  The  priest  physicians,  who  served 
in  the  ancient  temples  of  ^^Isculapius,  and  who 
took  their  name  from  being  his  descendants. 

ASCLEPIADE,  Asclepias  vincetoxicum. 

ASCLEPIAS  ALBA,  A.  vincetoxicum —a. 
Apocynum,  A.  Syriaca  —  a.  Asthmatica,  Tylo- 
phora  asthmatica  —  a.  Cornuti,  A.  Syriaca  —  a. 
Crispa,  Gomphocarpus  crispus. 

Asclkpias  Curassav'ica,  Bastard  Ipecacu- 
anha, Bedhead,  Bloodweed,  The  leaves  are 
emetic  in  the  dose  of  one  or  two  scruples.  It 
is  the  Ipeeaeuanlia  blanc  of  St.  Domingo. 

AscLEPiA.s  Decum'bkxs:  the  root.  Escharotic, 
cathartic,  sudorific,  diuretic. 

Asclepias,  Flesh-coloured,  A.  Incarnata  — 
a.  Gigantea,  Mudar. 

AsCLE'piAS  IncAKNA'tA,  a.  pnlehra.  Flesh-, 
coloured  or  su-amp  asclejiias  or  silkn:eed.  The 
root  of  this  plant,  which  grows  in  all  parts  of  the 
United  States,  and  is  officinal  in  the  Ph.  U.  S., 
has  the  same  virtues  as  A.  Syriaca,  and  A.  tube- 
rosa. 

Asclepias  Obovata,  A.  Syriaca. 

Asclepias  Proc"era  [  ?  ],  Reidelossar,  Bci- 
delsar.  An  Egyptian  plant,  the  leaves  of  which 
are  made  into  a  plaster,  and  applied  to  indident 
tumours.  The  milky  juice  is  caustic,  and  is  used 
as  such. 

Asclepias  Pseudosarsa.  Hemidesmus  Indi- 
cus  —  a.  Pubescens,  A.  Syriaca — a.  Pulchra,  A. 
incarnata. 

Asclepias  Sykiaca,  A.  pnbes'ccns  seu  apoc"y- 
num  seu  obova'ta  seu  tomento'sa  seu  Cornn'ti, 
Common  SUkweed,  Milk  Weed,  (F.)  Ilerbe  d  la 
hoiiette.  The  cortical  part  of  the  root,  officinal 
in  the  Ph.  U.  S.,  has  been  given,  in  powder,  in 


ASCLEPIASMUS 


100 


ASPHYXIA 


asthmatic   and   pulmonic  affections   in  general, 
and,  it  is  said,  witli  success. 

Asci.k'imas  Sulltvan'tii,  Smooth  Milhweed, 
SUkweed:  indigenous,  possesses  the  same  virtues 
as  the  next. 

AscLKPiAS  ToMENTTOSA,  A.  Syriaca. 

AscLi:'riAS  Tcbeuo'sa,  ButterjJy  Weed,  Pleu- 
rifij  lioot,  F/iix  Root,  Wli\d  Root,  Wind  Weed, 
White  Root,  Oraii'je  Swallow  Root,  Silk  Weed, 
Cnnnda  Root,  Orange  Apoc'ynnm,  Tuhcroas 
Mooted  Sical'/ow  Wort.  Said  to  have  been  first 
recomuiended  by  the  Asc-lepiades.  In  Virginia 
and  thf  Carolinas,  the  root  of  this  plant — officinal 
in  the  Ph.  U.  S. — has  been  long  celebrated  as  a 
remedy  in  pneumonic  affections.  It  is  sudo- 
rific, and  the  powder  acts  as  a  mild  purgative. 
Its  chief  powers  are  said  to  be  expectorant,  dia- 
phoretic, and  febrifuge.  It  is  occasionally  given 
to  relieve  pains  of  the  stomach  from  flatulency 
and  indigestion. 

Asclkpias  ViNCETOx'icujr,  A.  Alhn,  Cynan'- 
tlinm  Viiiceto.v' iciim,  Vinceto.r'icum,  V.  Offieina'le, 
Hirundina'ria,  Apoc"j/tinm  Nova  An'fflim  hirun'- 
tum,  &■;.,  Sii}iilln,r-Wort,  White  Swallow- Wort, 
(F. )  Anc/epi'ide,  Uoinpte-venin. 

The  root  is  said  to  be  stimulant,  diuretic,  and 
emmenasjntfue,  but  is  hardly  ever  used. 

ASCLEPIASMUS,  Haemorrhois. 

ASCLITES,  Ascites. 

ASCO'MA,  from  aoKo;,  ' n  bottle.'  The  emi- 
nence of  the  puhes  at  the  period  of  puberty  in 
females. — Rufus  of  Ephesus. 

ASE.  Anxiety. 

ASEliLI,  Onisci  aselli. 

ASELLUS,  Oniscus. 

ASE'MA  CRISIS,  xinats  aarijia,  from  a,  priva- 
tive, and  arj^a,  '  a  sign.'  A  crisis  occurring  unex- 
pectedly and  without  the  ordinary  precursory 
signs. 

ASEPTON",  A'sapos. 

ASH,  BITTER,  Quassia  — a.  Blue,  Fraxinus 
quadrangulata  —  a.  Mountain,  Sorbus  acuparia 
—  a.  Mountain,  American,  Sorbus  Americana 
• — a.  Prickly,  Aralia  spinosa,  Xanthoxylum  clava 
llerculis  —  a.  Prickly,  shrubby,  Xanthoxylum 
fraxinenm  —  a.  Stinking,  Ptelea  trifoliata  —  a. 
Tree,  Fraxinus  excelsior  —  a.  White,  Fraxinus 
Americana. 

ASIALORRIKE'A,  (F.)  Asinlorrhee,  from  a, 
priv.,  ffi'Aov,  'saliva,' and  p£ii),  'to  flow.'  Diminu- 
tion in  the  flow  of  saliva. 

ASIMINA  TRILOBA,  see  Carica  papaya. 

ASIT"IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  o-iroj,  'food.' 
Abstinence  from  food.  Want  of  appetite, — Faa- 
tid'iiiin  cibo'rinn,  Apoclei'sis. 

ASIUS  LAPIS,  Assius  Lapis. 

ASJAGAN,  As'Jor/am.  An  Indian  tree,  the 
juice  of  whose  leaves,  mixed  with  powdered 
cumin  seeds,  is  employed  in  India  in  colic. 

AS.TOiJAM,  Asjagan. 

ASKELES,  Asceles. 

ASKER,  Eschar. 

ASKITES,  Ascites. 

ASO'DES,  Asso'den,  from  aarj,  'disgust,'  'sati- 
ety.' A  fever  accompanied  with  anxiety  and 
nausea  :  Fe'bris  nno'des  vel  azo'des. 

ASPALASO'MUS,  from  aorraXaf,  'a  mole,' and 
ffw/ifl,  'a  body.'  A  genus  of  monsters  in  which 
there  is  imperfect  development  of  the  eyes. — 
I.  G.  St.  Ililaire.  Also,  a  malformation,  in  which 
the  fissure  and  eventration  extend  chiefly  upon 
the  lower  part  of  the  abdomen  ;  the  urinary  ap- 
paratus, genitals  and  rectum  opening  externally 
by  three  distinct  orifices. — Vogel. 

ASPALTUM.  Asphaltum. 

ASPAKAGINE,  see  Asparagus. 

ASPAR'AGUS,  Aanapayoi,  Aspar'arjuD  ojffici- 
na'lis,  Common  Aspara(/iis,  Spar'afjns,  Sper'n</n», 
Sjjarrow   Grass,    Grass,   Sperage. .     Ord,  Aspho- 


deleae.  Sex.  Sijst.  Hexandria  Monogynia.  As- 
par'agi  offieina'lis  I'urio'nes,  (F.)  A/iperge.  Tlio 
fresh  roots  are  diuretic,  perhaps  owing  to  the  im- 
mediate erj'stallizable  principle,  Asparogine, 
which  is  said  to  bo  sedative  in  the  dose  of  a  few 
grains.  The  young  shoots  are  a  well  known  and 
esteemed  vegetable  diet.  They  communicate  a 
peculiar  odour  ,to  the  urine.  A  syrup  made  of 
the  young  shoots  and  an  extract  of  the  roots  has 
been  recommended  as  a  sedative  in  heart  affec- 
tions. 

ASPA'SIA.  A  ball  of  wood  soaked  in  an  in- 
fusion of  galls,  and  used  by  females  for  constring- 
ing  the  vagina. 

ASPEN,  AiMERTCAN,  Populus  tremuloides— 
a.  European,  Popnlus  tremula. 

ASPERA  ARTERIA,  Trachea. 

ASPERGE,  Asparagus. 

ASPERITAS  ARTERIA  ASPERiE,  Rau- 
cedo.      ,         ,  ^ 

ASPERITE  DES  PAUPIERES,  Trachoma. 

ASPERITUDO,  Trachoma. 

ASPER'ITY,  Asper'it(i8,  roughness.  Asperi- 
ties are  inequalities  on  the  surfaces  of  bones, 
which  often  serve  for  the  insertion  of  fibrous 
organs. 

ASPERMATIA,  Aspermatismus. 

ASPERiMATIS'MUS,  A^j^er'mia,  Asperma'tin, 
from  a,  privative,  and  (rircpixa,  'sperm.'  Reflux 
of  sperm  from  the  urethra  into  the  bladder,  dur- 
ing the  venereal  orgasm. 

ASPERMIA,  Aspermatismus. 

ASPERSIO,  Catapasma,  Fomentation. 

ASPER'SION,  Asper'dio,  from  aspergere  (ad 
and  spargere),  'to  sprinkle,'  (F.)  Arrosemeiit. 
Act  of  sprinkling  or  pouring  a  liquid  guttatim 
over  a  wound,  ulcer,  &c. 

ASPERULA,  Galium  aparine. 

Asper'ulA  Odoua'ta,  (diminutive  of  asper, 
'rough,'  the  seeds  being  rough),  Ga'linm  odora'- 
tiim,  jMatrimjl'va,  Ifr'piit'ica  stella'ta,  (F.)  Aspe- 
rnle  odorante  ou  Mnguet  des  hois,  Hepotiqne 
etoilee.  Ord.  Rubiaceae.  Sex.  Si/st.  Tetrandria 
Monogynia.  Sweet-scented  Woodroof.  Said  to 
be  diuretic,  deobstrueut,  tonic,  and  vulnerar}'. 

ASPERULE  ODORANTE,  AgperulAodoTnts,. 

ASPHALTI'TES,  Nephri'tes,  Nephri'tis,  Pri- 
ma Vertebra  lumba'ria,  same  etymon  as  asphal- 
tum. A  name  given  by  some  to  the  last  lumbr.r 
vertebra. — Gorra^us. 

ASPHAL'TUM,  Ncp'ta,Arsnl'tos,  Asphnrium, 
from  a(Tif,a\i{,ttv,  '  to  strengthen,'  being  used  as 
a  cement.  [?  ]  With  the  Greeks,  this  word  signi- 
fied any  kind  of  bitumen.  It  is  now  restricted 
chiefly  to  the  Bitu'men  of  Jud^e'a,  B.  Jnda'- 
icnm,  A.  sol'idnm,  Jews'  Pitch,  Karrihe  of  Sodom, 
(F.)  Asphalte,  JJitnme  de  Judee,  Poix  winh-ah 
scorincee,  Biinme  de  momie  ou  des  fiinernllles.  It 
is  solid,  friable,  vitreous,  black,  shining,  inflam- 
mable, a-nd  of  a  fetid  smell.  An  oil  is  obtained 
from  it  by  distillation.  It  enters  into  the  compo- 
sition of  certain  ointments  and  plasters. 

It  is  collected  on  the  surface  of  the  water  of 
the  Dead  Sea  or  Lake  Asphaltites,  in  Judeea. 

ASPIIARINE,  Galium  aparine. 

ASPHOD'ELUS,  kacpoitkoq,  A.  Rnmo'sus  seu 
AlbussQW  3hiris,  Has' tula  Regis,  (F.)  Lis  aspho- 
dele.  The  bulbs  of  this  southern  European 
plant  have  an  acrimony  which  they  lose  in  boil- 
ing water.  They  contain  a  fccula  with  which 
bread  has  been  made,  and  have  been  considered 
diuretic.  They  have  been  used  as  a  succeduueuin 
for  the  squill. 

ASPHYCTOS,  Pulseless. 

ASPHYX'IA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  er^ufif,  'pulse,' 
Defer'tus  Puhfis,  Acrotis'mns,  Sidera'tio,  Sydern'- 
tio,  (F.)  Anhhnafosie.  For  a  long  time,  Asphy- 
xia was  confined  to  the  sense  of  '  suspension  of 
circulation  or  syncope;'  Pulselessness.      It  now 


ASniYXIAL 


101 


ASSIDENTIA   SIGNA 


generally  monns  mtspetidcd  ammatlnn,  produced 
b)'  the  nonconversion  of  the  venous  blood  of  the 
lung's  into  arterial, — Apnw'a,  Apneus'tla,  Apiiae- 
anjihi/.i'in,  AnlicBiiinto'iiia,  Ec'li/m'u  piwumo-cardi'- 
(ir<i,  Aii'ixt'iiiie,  Ifj/poxemie, — Piorry.  Owing  to 
the  supply  of  air  being  cut  off,  the  unchan^ged 
venous  blood  of  the  pulmonary  artery  passes  into 
the  minute  radicles  of  the  pulmonary  veins,  but 
their  peculiar  excitability  requiring  arterial  blood 
to  excite  them,  stagnation  takes  places  in  the  pul- 
monary radicles,  and  death  occurs  chiefly  from 
this  cause, —not  owing  to  venous  blood  being 
distributed  through  the  system,  and 'poisoning' 
it.  as  was  the  idea  of  Bichat.  Carus  anphi/x'ia, 
Jfiirs  (ipp'i'rens,  Mom  piitnti'rn,  Pseudothan'alos, 
Apj,.i,<nit  deiilh,  (F.)  Jfort  appri rente,  is  charac- 
terized by  suspension  of  respiration,  of  the  cere- 
l)ral  functions,  &c.  Several  varieties  of  Asphyxia 
have  been  designated. 

1.  Asi'iivx'iA  OF  THf;  Nrw-Bou^j,  yl.  neonato'- 
riiiii.  Tiiis  is  often  dep.cn(lent  upon  the  feeble 
condition  of  the  infant,  not  permitting  respiration 
to  be  established. 

2.  AsiMiYx'iA  BY  Noxious  Tniiala'tion,  or  in- 
halation of  gases,  some  of  which  cause  death  by 
producing  a  spasmodic  closure  of  the  glottis  ; 
others  by  the  want  of  oxygen;  and  others  are 
positively  deleterious  or  poisonous. 

3.  AspiiYx'iA  BY  Stkancula'tion,  or  .S'd/'oca'- 
tioii  ;  produced  by  mechanical  impediment  to 
respiration,  as  in  hanging. 

4.  AsiMivx'lA  liY  Submer'siov,  a.  hy  drown- 
iiii),  A.  IiniHtrso' rum,  Aiif/iulrhi/drie  (Piorry),  as 
occurs  in  the  drowned,  who  perish  in  consequence 
of  the  medium  in  which  they  are  plunged,  being 
unfit  for  respiration.     See  Submersion. 

Mr.  Chevalier  has  used  the  term  AspJii/.r'ia 
Idiopnth'icft,  for  fatal  syncope  owing  to  relaxa- 
tion of  the  heart.     See  Suffocation. 

AsiMiYx'iA  I.MSfEUsoRUM,  A',  by  submersion — 
a.  Local : — see  Grangrene — a.  Neonatorum,  A.  of 
the  new-born  —  a.  Pestilenta:  —  see  Cholera  —  a. 
Pestilential  : — see  Cholera. 

ASPIIYX'IAL,  Asphijx'ic  Relating  to  as- 
phyxia— as  '  nxphy.rial  phenomena.' 

ASI'HYXIE  'UES  PARTIES,  Gangrene— 
a.  Leiite  des  uouveaii-nes,  Induration  of  the  cel- 
lular tissue. 

A  S  P  H  Y  X'l  E  D,  Axpht/j-'iiited,  Asphyxia' tus, 
same  etymon.     In  a  state  of  as|)hyxia. 

ASP/0,  Aspis,  Lavandula  spica. 

ASPIDISCOS,  Sphincter  ani  externus. 

A  S  P  I  D  '  I  U  .M  A  T  II  A  M  A  N'T  I  C  U  M,  from 
anrni^ioy,  'a  small  shield,'  diminutive  of  atrTif,  'a 
shield.'  A  South  African  fern,  Ord.  Filices, 
which  is  possessed  of  anthelmintic  properties. 
Its  caudex,  in  the  form  of  powder,  infusion,  or 
electuary,  has  been  found  excellent  in  helmin- 
thiasis, and  es]>ecially  in  tajicworm. 

Asi'inii'sr  Coiuacku.m,  Calagualao  radix  —  a. 
Depastum,  Polypodium  fllix  luas — a.  Discolor,  see 
Calaguahc  radix— a.  Erosurn,  Polypodium  filix 
mas — a.  Filix  fccmina,  Asplenium  lilix  foemina — 
a.  Ferrugineum,  see  Calagualaj  radix  —  a.  Filix 
mas,  Pdlvpodium  fil's  mas. 

ASPri'lATIO.  Inspiration. 

A.">PIK A'TION,  Adspira'ti'n,  Aspirn'tio,  from 
a«j)irnre  (<id  and  Kpirare),  '  to  breathe.'  The 
French  sometimes  use  the  term  synonymously 
with  inspiration.  It  also  means  the  actof  attract- 
ing or  sucking  like  a  pump.  Imbibition.  Also, 
the  pronunciation  of  a  vowel  with  a  full  breath. 

ASPIS,  offTTif.  A  name  given  by  the  ancients 
to  a  venomous  serpent  —  the  ^Eijyjdian  viper  of 
Lacf'pcide,  (F.)  yixpic.  Its  bite  is  very  dangerous, 
and  it  is  supjiosed  to  have  been  the  reptile  which 
Cleopatra  used  for  her  destruction. 

ASPLE'NIU.M,  Asple'num,  from  a.  priv.,  and 
aTj\r)v,  '  the  spleen.'     Sjilccnwort,  Jlilticuate, 


Asplenium  Aureum,  A.  ceterach. 

AsPLE'.Niini  Cet'erach,  A.  ati'reum  seu  lati- 
fo'lium,  Gymnof/ram'me  ceterach,  JJoradil'la, 
Blechntim  gquamu'siim,  Seolopen'dria,  Athi/r'inn, 
Cet'erach  officiua' rum  seu  Cuiiarien'sis,  Grammi'- 
tis  cet'erach  seu  au'rea,  Gxjmiiop'teris  ccteroch,  Vit- 
ta'ria  ceterach,  (F.)  Buraditle.  Ord.  Filices. 
Supposed  to  be  subastringent  and  mucilaginous, 
and  has  been  recommended  as  a  pectoral.  It  has 
also  been  given  in  calculous  cases. 

Asple'nium  Filix  FfE'jii.vA,  Pofypo'dimn  fih'x 
fucmina  seu  nioUe  seu  dcnta'tum  seu  inci'iuin  seu 
trif'idnin,  Aapidium  filix  fnemina,  Athijr'ium  filix 
foemina  seu  wolle  seu  ova' turn  seu  trif'id\un,  Pte- 
ris  palus'tris.  Female  fern,  Spleenwort,  (F.)  i^oii- 
gere  femelle.  The  root  of  this  plant  resembles 
that  of  the  male  fern,  and  is  said  to  possess  simi- 
lar anthelmintic  virtues.  The  name  female  fern 
is  also  given  to  Pteria  aqniliua. 

Asplenium  Latipolium,  A.  ceterach — a.  Mu- 
rale,  A.  ruta — a.  Obtusum,  A.  ruta  muraria. 

Asple'nium  Ruta  Mura'ria,  A.  muru'le  seu 
ohtu'sum,  Paronych'ia,  Phylli'tia  ruta  niurn'ria, 
Scolopen'drium  ruta  mura'ria.  Wall  rue.  White 
Dlaidenhair,  Tentwort,  Adian'tum  album,  liuta 
mura'ria,  Sul'via  VitcB,  (F.)  Hue  des  nniraillcs, 
Sauve-vie.     Used  in  the  same  cases  as  the  last. 

Asple'nium  Scolopen'drium,  Scolopeudrium 
officina'rum  seu  lingua  seu  phylli'tia  seu  vulya'- 
re,  Scolopen'dra,  Sco/opeu'dria,  Hurt'a  'J'onr/ne, 
Spleenwort,  Phylli'tia,  Lingua  cervi'nn,  lihchnuin 
lignifo'lium,  (F.)  Scolopendre,  Lamjue  de  cerf. 
Properties  like  the  last. 

Asple'nium  Tkichomanoi'des,  A.  Trichom'- 
ancH,  Phylli'tia  rotundifo'liu,  Calypliyl'luin,  Tri- 
chom'aues,  T.  crena'ta,  Adian'tum  riibrum,  Com- 
mon 3[aideuhair,  Polyt' richum  commu'ne,  (F.) 
Poll/trie.     Properties  like  the  last. 

ASPLENUM,  Asplenium. 

ASPREDO,  Trachoma  —  a.  Miliacca,  ililiary 
fever. 

ASPRliLE,  Hippuris  vulgaris. 

ASPRITUDO,  Trachoma. 

ASS.VBA.  A  Guinea  shrub,  whose  leaves  are 
considered  capable  of  dispersing  buboes. 

ASSACOU,  Hura  Brasiliensis. 

ASS  A  DOUX,  Benjamin — a.  Dulcis,  Benjamin 
— a.  Odornta,  Benjamin. 

ASS  A  FETID  A,  Asafoctida. 

ASSAFtETIDA,  Asafoetida. 

ASSAIERET.  A  compound  of  bitter,  stoma- 
chic, and  purgative  medicines  in  the  form  of  pill, 
— Avicenna. 

ASSAINISSEMENT  (F.),  from  ad.  'to,' 
and  sanare,  'to  make  healthy.'  The  act  of  ren- 
dering healthy,  as  by  the  draining  of  marshes, 
the  disinfection  of  the  air,  Ac. 

ASSAISONNEM ENT,  Condiment. 

ASSAKUR,  Saccharum. 

ASS.VLA,  see  Myristica  moschata. 

ASSAKTHROSiS.  Articulation. 

ASSA'TIO,  Opte'sia.  The  boiling  of  food  or 
medicines  in  their  own  juice,  without  the  addi- 
tion of  any  liquid.  Various  kinds  of  cooking  by 
heat. — Galen. 

ASS  ELLA,  Axilla. 

AS'SERAC,  Aaaia.  A  preparation  of  opium, 
or  of  some  narcotic,  used  by  the  Turks  as  aa 
excitant. 

ASSERCULUM,  Splint. 

ASSEH  VA  r/OX,  Conservation.  , 

ASSES'  MILK,  see  Milk,  asses'.  ■» 

Asses'  Milk,  Artificial,  see  Milk,  asses'. 

AS'SIDEXS,  from  ad,  'to,'  and  sedere,  'to  be 
seated.'  That  which  accompanies  or  is  concomi- 
tant. An  epithet  applied  to  the  accessory  symp- 
toms, Aaaiden'tia  aiyna,  and  general  phenomena 
of  disease. 

ASSIDENTIA  SIGNA,  see  Assidens. 


ASSIMILABLE 


102 


ASTHMA 


ASSIM'ILAULE,  A>'s!mih,h'il!s.  Same  ety- 
mon as  Assimilation.  That  wbiuh  is  susceptible 
of  assimilation. 

ASSIM'ILATIXG,  Ass!m'il>dory,  Assiinilato'- 
riiiii,{V.)  Ansiiiiildleur.  Same  etymon  as  the  next. 
That  wh.ch  effects  assimilation,  as  an  useimikitittg 
or  Usui  III  ilnlory  organ. 

ASSIMILA'TION,  AssiniHa'tio,  Si)uih't!o,Ap- 
prupiio'tio,  EjTDinciiu'niii,  Hoinoio'siis,  Threpms, 
Thiep'tiie ;  from  UDniiinlnre,  {ad  and  m'liiilare,) 
*  to  render  similar.'  The  act  by  which  living 
Ijodios  ajipropriate  and  transform  into  their  own 
substance  matters  ivitli  which  they  may  be  placed 
in  contact.  The  reverse  action — that  of  separa- 
ting and  eliminating  matters  already  assimilated, 
in  the  act  of  nutrition — is  termed,  by  the  French, 
Des(tsniniil(itii>ii. 

ASSLS,  Asserae. 

AS'SIUS  LAPIS,  A'sins  Lnpfs.  A  sort  of 
stone  or  earth,  found  near  the  town  of  Assa  in 
the  Troad,  which  had  the  property  of  destroying 
proud  fle.--h. 

ASSOCIATE!)  MO  VEMENTS,see  Instinctive. 

.ASSODES,  Asodes. 

ASSO  CPIS.SA.yr,  somniferous. 

A  SSO  UPISSEMENT,  Somn olency. 

ASSOUKON,  see  iMyrtus  Pimenta. 

ASSUETUDO,  Habit. 

ASSULA,  Splint. 

ASSULTUS,  Attack. 

ASSUMPTIO.  Prehension. 

ASTACI  FLUVIATILIS  CONCREMENTA, 
Cancrorum  chelre. 

ASTACUS  FLUVIATILIS,  Crab. 

ASTAKILLOS,  Araneum   ulcus. 

ASTAllZOF.  An  ointment,  composed  of  li- 
tharge, frog's  spawn,  Ac.  Also,  camphor,  dis- 
solved in  rose  water. — Paracelsus. 

ASTASIA,  Dysphoria. 

ASTER  ATTICUS.  Bubonium. 

AsTKlt  COHDIFOI.IUS,  J/citri-leaved  Alter,  A. 
Punic'eus,  lioiiyh-gtcmnied  Aster,  and  other 
indigenous  species,  Order  Compositaj,  possess 
aromatic  properties. 

AsTHK  Dysexteiuctis,  Inula  dysenterica  —  a. 
Heart-leaved,  A.  cordifulius — a.  Helenium,  Inula 
Ilelenium — a.  Inguinalis,  Eryngium  campestre — 
—  a.  Officinalis,  Inula  Ilelenium  —  a.  Rough- 
stemmed,  A.  Puniccus — a.  Tortifolius,  Sericocar- 
pus  tortifolius — a.  Undulatus,  Inula  dysenterica. 

ASTE'RIA  GEMMA,  Asle'vhis,  Axtroi'tes,  As'- 
trios,  Asirol/utiis.  The  ancients  attributed  ima- 
ginary virtues  to  this  stone,  —  that  of  dispersing 
NcBvi  Mntenii,  for  examjile. 

ASTEHIAS  LUTEA,  Gentiana  lutea. 

ASTER'XIA,  from  a,  privative,  and  arcpvov, 
'the  sternum.'  A  monstrosity,  in  which  there  is 
absence  of  the  sternum. 

ASTEROCEPIIALUS  SUCCISA,  Scabiosa 
suecisa. 

ASTHENES.  Infirm. 

ASTHENI'A,  Vis  immimi'ta,  from  a,  priv., 
and  a^ivos,  'fiirce,'  'strength.'  Want  of  strength, 
debility.  (F.)  Affaibtissement.  Infirmity.  A 
word  used  in  thi>  sense  by  Galen,  and  employed, 
especially  by  Brown,  to  designate  debility  of  the 
whole  economy,  or  diminution  of  the  vital  forces. 
lie  distinguished  it  into  direct  and  indirect:  the 
former  proceeding  from  diminution  of  stimuli ; 
the  latter  from  exhaustion  of  incitability  by  the 
abuse  of  stimuli. 

Asthenia  Degi.tttitioxis,  Pharyngoplegia — a. 
Pectoralis.  Angina  Pectoris. 

ASTHEX'IC,  Astlien'iciis,  (F.)  Asthetitque. 
Same  etymon  as  the  last.  Relating  or  belonging 
to  asthenia. 

ASTIIEXICOPYRA,  Fever,  adynamic. 

ASTilENICOPYRETUS,  Fever,  adynamic. 


ASTHEXIQCE,  Asihcmc.  _ 

ASTllENO'l'lA,  Dcbil'itns  seu  Ihletii  do  ru 

«(}«,  (F.)  AffaiUissciiieiit  de  lit   Viw,  from  a,  l)nv., 

cdnos, '  strength,'  and  w<p,  '  the  eye.'     Weakness 

of  sight :    Wciih-sitjhtediiess. 

ASTliENOl'YRA,  Fever,  adynamic.  Typhus. 
ASTUENOPYRETUS,  Fever,  adynamic. 
ASTHMA,  from  aadna,  'laborii)Us  breathing;' 
from  ao),  'I  respire.'  A.  sp((s'ticiiin  (ididlo'riiiii 
seu  bronchia' le  seu  seuio'rum  seu  coiividsi'nnii  .-cu 
spns'ticiim  intermit'teus,  Spas'iiim  broiichia'lis, 
Dyspnw'a  et  orthopiiw'a  cuinudsi'va,  Malniii  Cu- 
du'ciim  puliiio'niim,  Broken-windediuss,  A'enom 
asthma,  (F.)  Asthiiie,  A.  nen-eiu:  Difficulty  i.f 
breathing,  recurring  at  intervals,  accompanied 
with  a  wheezing  sound  and  sense  of  eonstrictiuu 
in  the  chest;   cough  and  e.xpectoration. 

Asthma  is  a  chronic  disease,  and  not  curable  with 
facility.  E.xcitant  and  narcotic  antispasmodics 
are  required. 

There  are  no  pathognomonic  physical  signs  of 
asthma.  In  some  cases,  the  respiration  is  uni- 
versally puerile  during  the  attack.  In  the  spas- 
modic form,  the  respiratory  murmur  is  very  feel.le 
or  absent  during  the  lit;  and,in  all  forms  percus- 
sion elicits  a  clear  pulmonary  sound.  The  disease 
generally  consists  in  some  source  of  irritation,  and 
occasionally,  perhaps,  in  paralysis  of  the  pntu- 
mogastric  nerves,  lironchopuruVysis,  Purut'ijuis 
nervi  vuyi  in  paite  thorac"iva,  more  frequently 
of  the  former  —  all  the  phenomena  indicating 
constriction  of  the  smaller  bronchial  ramilica- 
tious.  The  treatment  is  one  that  relieves  spasmo- 
dic action  —  narcotics,  counter-irritants,  change 
of  air,  <fec. 

Asthma  Acu'tum,  of  Millar,  A.  spas'ticnm  in- 
fan'tuni,  Ci/nan'che  Truchca'lis  spiasinod'ica,  (¥.) 
Asthine  oiiju.  Probably,  spasmodic  croup  [?]. 
See  Asthma  Thymicum. 

Asthma  Aeuium,  Pneumothorax  —  a.  Aerium 
ab  Emphysemate  Pulmonum,  Emphysema  of  the 
Lungs  —  a.  Arthriticum,  Angina  Pectoris  —  a. 
Bronchiale,  Asthma. 

Asthma,  Cau'diac,  (F.)  Dyspnee  ou  Asthme 
Cardiaque,  Dyspnoea  dependent  upon  disease  uf 
the  heart. 

Asthma  Convulsivum,  Angina  pectoris  —  a. 
Diaphragmaticum,  Angina  Pectoris  —  a.  Dolo- 
rificum,  Angina  pectoris  —  a.  Emphysematicum, 
Pneumothorax. 

Asthma,  Grinders',  Grinders'  Rot.  The  ag- 
gregate of  functional  phenomena,  induced  by  the 
inhalation  of  particles  thrown  off  during  the  ope- 
ration of  grinding  metallic  instruments,  &c.  The 
structural  changes  induced  are  enlargement  of 
the  bronchial  tubes,  expansion  of  the  pulmonary 
tissue,  and  phthisis. 

Asthma  Gypseum,  A.  pulverulentum — a.  liny, 
Fever,  hay. 

Asthma  Hu'midum,  Humid,  Common,  or  Spit- 
ting asthma,  is  when  the  disease  is  accompanied 
with  expectoration.  It  is  also  called  A.  hiimu- 
ra'le,  A.  JIatit/en'tttm,  A.  pneumon' icum,  Blennu- 
tho'rax  chron'icns,  &c. 

Asthma  Infantum,  Cynanebe  trachealis  —  a. 
Infantum  Spasraodicum,  A.  Thymicum — a.  Kop- 
plan,  A.  Thymicum — a.  Laryngeum  Infantum, 
A.  Thymicum — a.  Montanum,  A.  pulverulentum 
— a.  Nervous,  Asthma — a.  Nocturnum,  Incubus. 
Asthma  Pulvehulen'tum,  A.  yyp'seum,  A. 
monta'iium.  The  variety  of  asthma  to  which 
millers,  bakers,  grinders,  and  others  are  suliject. 
Asthma  Sicci;m,  so  called  when  the  paroxysm 
is  sudden,  violent,  and  of  short  duration ;  cougb 
slight,  and  expectoration  scanty ;  spasmodic  con- 
striction. 

Asthma  Spastico-Arthriticum  Inconstass, 
Angina  pectoris  —  a.  Spasticuin  Infantum,  A. 
Thymicum. 


ASTHMATIC 


103 


ATAVISM 


Asthma  Tiiy'micum,  A.  T.  Knp'pU,  Asthmn 
sp(i»'ticiun  infiin'tum  seu  in/an' turn  npasmo'diciim 
seu  l((ri/iuje'um.i)i/ttii'tuin  seu  intermit'tensinfmi'- 
tiini  sell  '/entien'tium  seu  period' icum  ai:u'tum, 
'J lii/iiKiatlt'nifi,  Ci/nan'che  tracliea'lis  Kpanmod' icn, 
^/xiKiiitm  (fhit'tidiH,  Kuppian  Asthmn,  Thymic 
Axlhmri,  Litryii(/!n'inun  utrid' iilnn,  Lnryni/o-Hjxis- 
viitH,  Aj)ii<i''ti  iiifdu'tum,  Sj)fi8ni  of  the  hirijii.r  or 
ijidtllx,  Croiip-like  inipi ration  of  iiifciuta,  Chl/d- 
crowitit/,  iS/xiHiiiodic  croup,  Pseudo-croup,  S'pn'ri- 
oim  or  Cer'ebral  croup,  I'hreuo-t/lot'timu,  Snf'fo- 
ciiliur/  iiervouH  cdtnrrh,  (P.)  Luryntjite  atri<lulcuse, 
I'\iu.>:  Croup,  f'seudo-croup  iierveux,  Spaiuie  de  la 
(j/otle  cl  dn  Thorax.  A  disense  of  infants,  cha- 
riiftcri/.od  by  suspension  of  respiration  at  inter- 
vals ;  great  (lifliculfy  of  broatliinir,  especially  on 
waliing,  swallowing,  or  crying:  ending  often  in 
a  fit  of  sutfocntion,  with  convulsions.  The  patho- 
logy of  the  disease  has  been  supposed  to  consist 
in  an  enlargement  of  the  thymus  gland,  or  of 
the  glands  of  the  neck  pressing  on  the  pneumo- 
gastric  nerves  [?].  The  ear,  by  auscultation,  at 
a  distance  from  the  chest,  detects  an  incomplete, 
acute,  hissing  inspiration,  or  rather  cry:  whilst 
the  expiration  and  voice  arc  croupal,  both  at  the 
accession  and  termination  of  the  paroxysm.  The 
heart's  action  has  been  observed  to  be  distinct 
and  feeble. 

These  symptoms  are  often  accompanied  by 
rigidity  of  the  fingers  and  toes  ;  the  thumb  being 
frequently  drawn  forcibly  into  the  palm  of  the 
clenclu'd  hand,  whence  the  name  VarjM-j^edul 
S2>'i«iu,  ajiplied,  at  times,  to  the  disease. 

Asthma  Tyi'icum.  Asthma  characterized  by 
periodicity. 

Asthma  Uteri,  Hysteria  —  a.  Weed,  Lobelia 
infl.ita. 

AS'I'IIMAT'IC,  Anthmat'ieuit,  Puoncolyt'icuH, 
(F.)  Anthiuntique.  Affected  with  asthma.  Rela- 
ting to  a'itiima. 

ASTIIME  AIGU,  Asthma  acutum— a.  Cardi- 
aqut'.  Asthma,  cardiac — a.  Nerreux,  Asthma. 

ASTKJ'MATISM,  Astigmatism' us,  from  a,  pri- 
vative, and  anyita,  oriy/jaro;,  'ajioint.'  A  state 
of  irregular  refraction  in  the  eye,  in  which  the 
rays  are  not  brought  to  one  focus,  but  converge 
at  dificront  distances,  so  as  to  form  two  linear 
images  at  right  angles  to  each  other. 

AS'TO.MUS,  from  a,  privative,  and  oro^wa,  'a 
mouth.'  (F.)  Astome.  One  without  a  mouth. 
Pliny  speaks  of  a  people  in  India  without  mouths, 
who  live  iinhflatu  et  odore  ! 

ASTIIAGALE  COL  V,  Collum  astragali. 

ASTRAGALOIDES  SYPHILITICA,  Astra- 
galus exscapus. 

A8TRA(j'ALUS,  Tidus,  the  Anlde,  Qua'trio, 
Quar'tio,  Quater'iiio,  Diab'ebos,  Pezn,  Cavic'nla, 
Cavil' la,  Tetro'ros,  As'trion,  Os  Ballist'ai  seu 
Tes'sercB,  from  aorpayuAoj,  'a  die,'  which  it  has 
been  considered  to  resemble  [?].  A  short  bone, 
situate  at  the  superior  and  middle  part  of  the 
tarsus,  where  it  is  articulated  with  the  tibia.  It 
is  the  ankle  bone,  sliuij  bone,  or  first  hone  of  the 
foot.  The  anterior  surface  is  convex,  and  has  a 
well-marked  prominence,  supported  by  a  kind  of 
neck,  and  hence  has  been  called  the  head  of  the 
astraijnlus.  The  astragalus  is  developed  by  two 
points  of  ossification. 

Also,  the  ntla-s  or  first  vertebra  of  the  tieck. 

Astrao'ai.us  Ex'scai'us,  Asiragaloi'dea  sy- 
philit'ica,  Stemless  Milk-vetch,  (F.)  Astrarjale  a 
gausses  vi'lus.  Ord.  Leguminosae.  Sex.  Si/st.  Dia- 
delphia  Docandria.  The  root  is  said  to  have 
cure<i  confirmed  syphilis. 

AsTitAo'Ai.us  TiiACACAXTnus.  see  Tragacanth. 

Astuag'ai.US  VkuiiS,  Spina  hirci,  Astraj/'alua 
acuh-a'lus.  Goat's  thorn,  Milk-vetch.  The  plant 
which  atTords  Gum  Tra<j'acanth.  See  Traga- 
caotha. 


ASTRANTIA,  Imperatoria — a.  Diapensia,  Sa- 
nicula. 

AS'TRAPE,  Coruscn'tio,  Fuhjar,  Fulmev, 
Lightning.  Galen  reckons  it  amongst  the  re- 
mote causes  of  epilepsy. 

ASTRIC'TION,  Astric'tio,  Stypsis,  Adstric'tio, 
Conatric'tio,  from  astriui/ere,  (ad  and  atrinycre,) 
'  to  constringe.'  Action  of  an  astringent  sub- 
stance on  the  animal  economy. 

ASTRICTORIA,  Astringents. 

ASTRINGENT  ROOT,  Comptonia  aspleni- 
folia. 

ASTRIN'GENTS,  Aatringen'tin,  Adatricto'rin, 
Adstringen'tia,  Stryphna,  Cataetal'tica,  Cunstrin- 
gen'tia,  Contrahen'tia,  Stegnu'tica,  Syncrit'iai , 
Astricto'ria.  Same  etymon.  Medicines  which 
have  the  property  of  constringing  the  organic 
textures.  External  astringents  are  called  Styp- 
tics. 

The  following  are  the  chief  astringents:  Aci- 
dum  Sulphuricum,  A.  Tannieum,  Alumen,  Ar- 
genti  Nitras,  Catechu,  Creasoton,  Cupri  Sulpha.-, 
Tinct.  Ferri  Chloridi,  Liquor  Ferri  Kitratis, 
Ferri  Sulphas.  Galla?,  Ihcmatoxylon,  Kino,  Kra- 
nieria,  Liquor  Calcis,  Plumbi  Acetas,  Quercus 
Alba,  Quercus  Tinctoria,  Zinci  Sulphas. 

ASTRION,  Astragalus. 

ASTRIOS,  Asteria  gemma. 

AS'TROBLES,  from  acTfiov,  'astar,' and/^n^Ati), 
'I  strike.'  One  struck  by  the  stars,  (sidcra'tus.) 
One  who  is  in  a  state  of  sideration  —  in  an  apo- 
plectic state. — Gorra>us. 

ARTRGliLESIA,  Astrobolismus. 

ASTROIiOLIA,  Astrobolismus. 

ASTROr.OLLS'MUS,  Astrobol'ia,  Astroble'sio, 
Heli'aais,  Helio'ais.  Same  etymology.  Sidera'- 
tion,  or  action  of  the  stars  on  a  person.  Apo- 
plexy.— Theophrastus,  (iorrajus. 

ASTROBOLOS,  Asteria  gemma. 

ASTROITIS,  Asteria  gemma. 

ASTROLOGER,  see  Astronomy. 

ASTROL'OGY,  Astrolog"ia,  from  aarpov,  'a 
star,'  and  ^oyoi,  'a  discourse.'  The  art  of  divi- 
ning by  inspecting  the  stars.  This  was  formerly 
considered  to  be  a  part  of  medicine;  and  was 
called  Judicial  Aatroloyy,  to  distinguish  it  from 
astronomy. 

ASTRON'OMY,  ^s/raaow'irr,  from  aarpov,  '  n. 
star,  and  vojios,  'a  law,'  'rule.'  A  science  which 
makes  known  the  heavenly  phenomena,  and  the 
laws  that  govern  them.  Hippocrates  places  this 
and  astrology  amongst  the  necessary  studies  of 
a  physician.  In  the  earlier  English  writers. 
Astronomer  is  often  used  in  the  sense  of  Astro- 
loger. 

ASYSTOLIE,  from  a,  privative,  and  cvaToXri, 
'systole.  A  name  given  by  M.  Beau  to  a  period, 
in  diseases  of  the  heart,  in  which  the  systole  is 
incomplete  ;  or,  at  least,  is  insufficient  to  free  the 
ventricles  from  the  blood  in  them. 

ASTRUTIIIUM,  Imperatoria. 

ASTYPHIA,  Impotence. 

ASTYSIA,  Impotence. 

ASUAR,  Myrobalanus  Indica. 

ASULCL  Lapis  lazuli. 

ASYNODIA,  Impotence. 

ATACTOS,  Erratic. 

ATARACTAPOIE'SIA,  Afaractopoe'sin-,  from 
a,  privative,  rapaKTo;,  'troubled,'  and  votetv,  'to 
make.'  Intrepidity,  firmness;  aquality  of  which, 
according  to  Hippocrates,  the  physician  ought  to 
be  possessed  in  the  highest  degree. 

ATARAX'IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  rapa^t,;, 
'trouble,'  'emotion.'  Moral  tranquillitj-,  peace 
of  mind. 

AT'AVISM,  Atavism' us,  from  atnrus,  'an  old 
grandsire  or  ancestor  indefinitely.'  The  c,Tse  in 
which  an  anomaly  or  disease,  existing  in  a  family, 


ATAXIA 


104 


ATLAS 


is  lost  in  one  generation  and  reappears  in  tlie 
followinfr. 

ATAX'IA,  from  a,  privative,  and  rafit.  'order.' 
Disorder,  irregularity.  Hippocrates  employs  the 
word  in  its  most  extensive  acceptation.  Galen 
applies  it,  especially,  to  irregularity  of  pulse: 
and  Sydenham  speaks  of  Ataxia  Sjiiritiinm  for 
disorder  of  the  nervous  system.  Ataxia,  now, 
usually  means  the  state  of  disorder  that  charac- 
terizes nervous  fevers,  and  the  nervous  condition. 
Ataxia  Spirituum,  Nervous  diathesis.  See 
Ataxia. 

AT AX'IC,  Atax'icus  ;  same  etymon.  Having 
the  characters  of  ataxia. 

ATCHAR,  A'chia,  Achar.     A  condiment  used 
in  India.     Ic  is  formed  of  green  fruits  of  various 
liinds  —  garlic,  ginger,  mustard,  and  pimento  — 
pickled  in  vinegar. 
ATECNIA.  Sterilitas. 

ATELECTASIS,  AielcJc'tnsh,  from  artXvs^^ 
'imperfect,'  'defective,'  and  cKTuaig,  'dilatation.' 
Imperfect  expansion  or  dilatation  ;  as  in 

Atelkc'tasis  PuLMo'NUJr,  Piieumonatelec'in- 
sis,  Piioimutclec'tasis.  Imjierfect  expansion  of 
the  lungs  at  hirth,  giving  rise  to  Cyano'ais  piil- 
mona'lit.  A  similar  condition  is  observed  in 
lungs  which  have  received  air,  and  in  a  distinctly 
lobular  form.  This  is  regarded  by  Dr.  W.  T. 
(iairdner  as,  in  all  probability,  a  secondary  le- 
sion, and  dependent,  in  the  majority  of  instances, 
on  a  catarrhal  condition  of  the  bronchial  tubes. 
It  is  called,  by  him,  piihnonavy  colhqyxe,  or  col- 
lapse of  the  lidir/,  and  has  received  the  name 
apneiimnto'sis  from  Fuchs. 

AT'ELES,  areXrjs,  'imperfect,'  'defective.' 
Hence 

ATEL'IA,  (F.)  Atelie.  A  monstrosity  in  which 
there  is  a  want  of  some  members. 

ATELOCIIEI'LIA,  from  arcU?,  'imperfect,' 
and  x"^'>i'  '"P-'  ^  malformation  which  consists 
in  an  imperfect  development  of  the  lip. 

ATELOENCEPHAL'IA,  from  ariMi,  'imper- 
fect,' and  cyKiipaXov,  'the  encephalon.'  State  of 
imperfect  development  of  the  brain. — Andral. 

ATELOGLOS'SIA,  from  artAr,?,  'imperfect,' 
and  yXuxjaa,  'tongue.'  A  malformation  which 
consists  in  an  imperfect  development  of  the 
tongue. 

ATELOGIS'^A'TIIIA,  from  art\vi,  'imperfect,' 
and  ym0of,  'the  jaw.'  A  malformation  which 
consists  in  an  imperfect  development  of  the  jaw. 
ATELOMYEL'IA,  from  areXvs,  'imperfect,' 
and  fxvtXos,  'marrow.'  State  of  imperfect  deve- 
lopment of  the  spinal  marrow. — Beclard. 

ATELOPllOSO'PIA,  from  arcXvg,  'imperfect,' 
and  -poau)'zov,  'the  face.'  A  malformation  which 
consists  in  imperfect  development  of  the  face. 
ATELOPtACniDIA,  Hydrorachis. 
A  T  E  L  0  S  T  0  M '  I  A,  from  areXns,  '  imperfect,' 
and  BTOfxa,  'mouth.'  One  whose  mouth  is  im- 
perfci'tly  developed. 

ATER  SUCCUS,  Atrabilis. 
ATIIAMAN'TA,    from  Athamas,   a   place   in 
Thessaly.     A  genus  of  plants. 
Atiiamanta  Annua,  A.  Cretensis. 
Athaman'ta     Aureoseli'num,     Oreoseli'num, 
0.  legit' imum  sen  nir/ntm,  Sdi'mim  oreoneli'mim, 
Peiiced'diuim    oreoscii'niim,    Apiiim     monta'num, 
Black   3foitntain    Pnrslei/,    (F.)    Pertil   de   3fon- 
tagne ;   Old.  Umbelliferie.     The  plant,  seed,  and 
roots,    are   aromatic.      It   has    been    considered 
attenuant,  aperient,  deobstruent,  and  lithontriptic. 
The  distilled  oil  has  been  used  in  toothache. 

Atha^ian'ta  Creten'sis  seu  Cue'tica,  A.  an'- 
nua,  Libitiio'tis  annua  seu  Creten'nia  seu  hirm'ta, 
Daucus  Creticua  seu  Candia'niin,  Mijrrhis  an'nua, 
Candj  Carrot.    The  seeds  of  this  plant  are  acrid 


and  aromatic.    They  have  been  used  as  carmina- 
tives and  diuretics. 

Athamaxta  Macepoxica,  Bubon  Maccdom- 
cum — a.  Mcum,  iEthusa  meum. 
ATHANASIA,  Tanacetum. 
Athana'sia,  from  a,  privative,  and  S-avaroi, 
'death.'  An  antidote  for  diseases  of  the  liver, 
jaundice,  gravel,  &c.  It  consisted  of  saffron, 
cinnamon,  lavender,  cassia,  myrrh,  juncus  odo- 
ratus,  honey,  &c.,  and  was  esteemed  to  be  sudo- 
rific. 

ATHARA,  Athera. 

ATUELAS'AIUS,  from  a,  privative,  and  6r,\r,, 
'a  breast  or  nipple.'     Impracticability  of  giving 
suck;  from  want  of  nipple  or  otherwise. 
ATHELXIS,  Sucking. 

ATHE'NA.  Name  of  a  plaster,  recommended 
by  Asclepiades,  and  composed  of  oxide  of  copper, 
sublimed  oxide  of  zinc,  sal  ammoniac,  verdigris, 
gall  nuts,  and  a  variety  of  resinous  and  other  in- 
gredients.—Oribasius,  Aetius,  and  P.  vEgineta. 

ATHENIO'NIS  CATAPO'TIUM.  A  pill, 
composed  of  myrrh,  pepper,  castor,  and  opium; 
used  to  allay  coughing. — Celsus. 

ATHE'RA,  Aiha'ra,  from  aOvp,  'an  ear  of 
corn.'  A  kind  of  pap  for  children  ;  also,  a  kind 
of  liniment. — Dioscorides,  Pliny. 
ATTIERAPEUTUS,  Incurable. 
ATHERO'MA,  from  a^tjpa,  'pap  or  pulp,'  Em- 
phy'ma  cncys'tix  atlu-ro'ina,  lUollim'cnm,  Pnlla'tio. 
A  tumour  formed  by  a  cyst  containing  mattei 
like  pap  or  Boiiillie,  or  plaster. 

ATIIEROM'ATOUS,  Athcromalo'des.  Having 
the  nature  of  Atheroma. 

ATHLE'TA,  from  aSAoj,  'combat.'  Athlete, 
(F.)  Athlete.  Athleta)  were  men  who  exercised 
themselves  in  combat  at  the  public  festivals.— 
Vitruvius. 

ATHLET'IC,  Athlet'icus,  (F.)  Athletique  ;  con- 
cerning AthletcB.  Strong  in  muscular  powers.— 
Foesius. 

ATHOL  PORRIDGE,  see  Mahogany. 
.      ATIIORACOCEPHALUS,  Acephalogaster. 
ATHRIX,    At'richns,     Calvns,     (F.)     Chauve ; 
from  a,  privative,  and  Opif,  Tpi;n;os,  'hair.'     Bald, 
(Sc.)  Beld,  Bellit.     One  who  has  lost  his  hair. 
Athrix  Depilis,  Alopecia. 

ATHYM'IA,  An'imi  defec'tiis  et  anxi'etas  SOU 
demis'sio,  Trintit"ia,  McBror,  Bi/pe,  from  a,  priv., 
and  5D/ios, 'heart,' 'courage.'    Despondency.    The 
prostration  of  spirits  often  observable  in  the  sick. 
—  Hippocrates.     Melancholy.  —  Swediaur.     See 
Panophobia. 
Athvmia  Pleonectica,  see  Pleonectica. 
ATIIYRION,  Asplenium  ceterach. 
ATHYRIUM    FILIX  FffiMINA,   Asplenium 
filix  fwmina — a.  Filix  mas,  Polypodium  iilix  mas 
— a.  Molle,  Asplenium  filix  foeinina — a.  Ovatuin, 
Asplenium  fili.x  foemina — a.  Trifidum,  Asplenium 
filix  foemina. 

ATLANTAD,  see  Atlantal. 
ATLAN'TAL;  same  etymon  as  Atlas.     Rela- 
ting or  appertaining  to  the  atlas. 

Atlantal   Aspect.     An   asjiect   towards   the 
region   where    the    atlas    is    situated.  —  Barclay. 
Atlantnd  is  used  by  the  same  writer  to  signify 
'towards  the  atlantal  aspect.' 
Atlantal  Extremities.     The  upper  limbs. 
ATLANTION,  Atlas. 

ATLAS,  Atlau'tion,  Astrag'ahis,  from  arXau, 
'I  sustain.'  The  first  cervical  ver'lebra;  so 
called  from  its  supporting  the  whole  weight  of 
the  head,  as  Atlas  is  said  to  have  supported  the 
globe  on  his  shoulders.  Chaussier  calls  it  At- 
lo'ide.  This  vertebra  in  no  respect  resembles  the 
others.  It  is  a  kind  of  irregular  ring,  into  which, 
anteriorly,  the  processus  dentatus  of  the  second 
vertebra  is  received.  Posteriorly,  it  gives  pas- 
sage to  the  medulla  spinalis. 


ATLODIDYMUS 


105 


ATRIPLEX  FCETIDA 


ATLODID'YMUS,  Allod'ymui,,  (F.)  Atlodyme; 
from  AlliiH,  'the  first  bone  of  the  neck,'  and 
bifivixoi,  'a  twin.'  A  monster  which  is  simple 
below  nriil  double  above.  M.  Isid.  Geoffrey 
Saint-Ilihiiro  applies  this  term  to  a  monster, 
which  has  a  sinpfle  body,  with  two  distinct  heads 
sui)portc'(l  on  one  neck. 

ATLOTDE,  Atlas. 

A  T  I.  0  r  D  '  0  -  AXOID,  (F.)  Alloulo-axouUen. 
Rol.itiiii,'  to  both  the  Atlas  and  the  Axis  or  Ver- 
tebra Dcntata. 

ATLoino-AxoiD  Articulation.  The  articula- 
tion belwcen  the  first  two  cervical  vertebraa. 

Atloido-axoid  Lig'amuxts.  These  are  two 
in  number;  one  anterior  and  another  2""^terior, 
passinr^  between  the  two  vcrtebno. 

ATLOID'O-OCCIF'ITAL.  Relating  to  the 
atlas  and  occiput.  The  Atloido-occip'itfil  Arti- 
culn't'ion  is  funned  by  the  condyles  of  the  occi- 
pital bone  and  the  superior  articular  surfaces  of 
the  Atlns.  The  At/oiflo-occipital  muscle  is  the 
Rectus  cnpitis  posticus  minor. 

ATLOtDO-SOUS-MASTOlDTEN;  Obliqnus 
.superior  oculi — a.  Soiis-occipitale,  Rectus  capitis 
lateriilis. 

ATMIATRI'A,  Atmidiat'rlce,  from  avfio^,  'va- 
pour,' and  larfiua,  'treatment.'  Treatment  of 
disense*  by  fumitjation. 

ATMI  t)rATR[Cl<],  Atmiatria. 

ATM LSTEIUO^^,  Vaporarium. 

ATMOS,  lireatli. 

AT'MOSIMIERE,  Atmnisphm'ra,  from  «r;-o?, 
'vapour,'  and  aifiaiiia,  'a  sphere;' — as  it  were, 
Spltvrc  of  vapours.  The  atmosphere  is  a  sphe- 
rical mass  of  air,  surrounding  the  earth  in  every 
part;  the  height  of  which  is  estimated  at  15  or 
IG  leagues.  It  presses  on  the  surface  of  the 
earth,  and  this  pressure  has,  necessarily,  sensible 
effects  on  organized  bodies.  The  surface  of  the 
human  body  being  reckoned  at  15  square  feet,  it 
is  computed  that  a  pressure  of  .33,000  pounds  or 
more  exists  under  ordinary  circumstances  ;  and 
this  pressure  cannot  be  increased  or  diminished 
materially,  without  modifying  the  circulation  and 
all  the  functions. 

ATMOSPHERrZATION,  Ilicmatosis. 

ATOCIA,  Sterilitas. 

ATOL'INIIA,  from  a,  priv.,  and  To\na,  'confi- 
dence.' Want  of  confidence;  discouragement. 
A  state  of  mind  unfavorable  to  health,  and  in- 
jurious in  disease.  It  is  the  antithesis  of  Eu- 
tul'min. 

ATOMY,  Skeleton. 

ATONIA,  Atony — a.  Ventriculi,  Gasterasthe- 
nia. 

AT'ONIC,  Aton'icm,  (F.)  Atnniqne.  "Wanting 
tone.  Same  etymon  as  the  ne.xt.  Also,  a  medi- 
cine capal)le  of  alliiying  organic  excitement  or 
irritation. — Schwilgue. 

AT'OXY,  Atoii'ia,  Tttfir'mitas  et  Remin'nio  vV- 
rutm,  Lriiiijiior,  Ln.r'itns,  from  a,  priv.,  and  tovu;, 
'tone,'  'force.'  Want  of  tone.  Weakness  of 
every  organ,  and  particularly  of  those  that  arc 
conh-actile.  Violent  gastritis  has  been  descril)ed 
by  Scril>onius  Largus  under  a  similar  name, 
Atovov,  At'oiioii. 

ATRAIJIL'IARY,  AtmhiViovn,  AtrnhUln'rh, 
Atrcifii/io'Hiit,  (F.)  Atrahi/aire,  Alrnhileux,  from 
titer,  'black.'  and  hilin.  'bile.'  An  epithet  given 
by  the  ancients  to  the  melancholic  and  hypo- 
chondriac, because  they  believed  the  Atrabilis 
to  predominate  in  such. 

Atkabiliauv  Capsiii-es,  Artkriks  and  Vkins. 
The  renal  capsules,  arteries  and  vf>ins  :  the  for- 
mation of  Atrabilis  having  been  attributed  to 
them. 

ATRAHI'LIS,  same  etymon.  Ater  succvr, 
Black  Bile    or  mdanchuly,   (F.)   Alrabilc.     Ac- 


cording to  the  ancients,  a  thick,  black,  acrid 
humour,  secreted,  in  the  opinion  of  some,  by  the 
pancreas;  in  that  of  others,  by  the  supra-renal 
capsules.  Hippocrates,  Galen,  Aetius,  and  others, 
ascrilie  great  influence  to  the  Atrabilis  in  the 
production  of  hypochondriasis,  melancholy,  and 
mania.  There  is  really  no  such  humour.  It 
was  an  imaginary  creation. — Arctaius,  Rufus  of 
Ephesus,  &c. 

ATRACIIE'LOCEPR'ALUS,  from  a,  priv., 
rpaT^^rjXos,  'neck,'  and  Kt.^aXv,  'head.'  A  monster 
whose  neck  is  partially  or  wholly  deficient. 

ATRACHE'LUS.  Same  etymon.  One  who  is 
very  short-necked. — Galen. 

ATRAC'TYLIS  GUMMIF'ERA,  Car'dnm 
pi'nenn,  Ixi'iie,  Gii mm y -rooted  Atructylis,  Pine 
Tlii&tle.  Ord.  Composita;.  The  root,  when 
wounded,  yields  a  milky,  viscid  juice,  which 
concretes  into  tenacious  masses,  and  is  said  to 
be  chewed  with  the  same  views  as  mastich. 
AT  RAG  EXE.  Clematis  vitalba. 
ATRA.MEN'TUM,  A.  Siito'rium,  Ink,  Chalcan'- 
thitm,  (F.)  Encre.  It  has  been  advised  as  an  as- 
tringent, and  as  an  external  application  in  her- 
petic atTections. 

Atramkntum  SuTORiujr,  Ferri  sulphas. 
ATRE'SIA,  (F.)  Af/T.'si'e,  Adherence,  Imperfo- 
ration.  Same  etymon  as  Atretus.  See  Monster. 
Atre'sia  Ani  Adna'ta,  Anus  Iinperfora'tiia, 
Imper font' tin  ani,  Atretncyn' ia,  (F.)  Iinperfora- 
tion  de  I'antis.  Congenital  imperforation  of  the 
intestinal  canal. 

ATRETELYTRIA,  Colpatresia. 
ATRETI8MUS,  Imperforation. 
ATRETOCEPH'ALUS,  from  arpnTOi,  'imper- 
forate,' and  KKpaXri,  'head.'     A  monster,  in  which 
some  of  the  natural  apertures  of  the  head  are 
wanting. — Gurlt. 

ATliETOCOR'MUS,   from  arp,roj,   'imperfo- 
rate, and   Kopfioi,  'trunk.'     A  monster  in  which 
the  natural  apertures  of  the  trunk  are  wanting.^ 
Gurlt. 
ATRETOCYSIA,  Atresia  ani. 
ATRETOMETRIA,  Ilvsteratresia. 
ATRETOPSIA,  Coreclisis. 
ATRETOSTOM'IA,    from    arpnroi,    'imperfo- 
rate,' and  cTOfia,  'mouth.'     Imperforation  of  the 
mouth. 

ATRETURE'THRIA,  from  arpnTos,  'imperfo- 
rate,' and  ovp>)9i,a,  'urethra.'  Imperforation  of 
the  urethra. 

ATRE'TUS,  from  a,  priv.,  and  rpao),  'I  per- 
forate.' Imper/ora'iiis,  Ln per' f orate.  One  whose 
anus,  or  parts  of  generation,  are  imperforate 
[aproe'tns). 

ATRIA,  Auricles  of  the  heart  —  a.  Mortis,  see 
Death. 

AT'RICES.  Small  tumours,  which  appear  oc- 
casionally around  the  anus.  Some  commentators 
consider  the  word  to  be  synonymous  with  con- 
dylomata.— Forestus. 

ATRICHIA,  Alopecia — a.  Adnata,  see  Alope- 
cia— a.  Senilis,  see  Alopecia. 
ATRICHUS,  Atbri.x. 

AT'RICI.  Small  sinuses  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
anus,  not  penetrntin^  the  rectum. 

ATRIO-VENTRICULAR,  Auriculo-ventricu- 
lar. 

ATRIPLEX  FCETIDA,  Chenopodium  vulvaria. 

Atriplex    IIokte.n'sis,   a.   Snti'm,    (F.)   Ar- 

rnche,  Jlonne  Dome,  Follette.      Ord.  Chenopodia- 

cciB.     The  herb  ami  seed  of  this  plant  have  been 

exhibited  as  antiscorbutics. 

At'riplex  al'Imus,  A.  Portulnro'i'den,  and  A. 
Pat'ida,  are  used  as  pickles,  aud  have  similar 
properties. 

Atripi.ex  Laciniata,  a.  patula — a.  Mexicans, 
Chenopodium  ambrosoides  —  a.  Odorata,  Cheno- 
podium botrys — a.  Olida,  Chenopodium  vulvaria. 


ATRIUM  CORDIS  DEXTER         106 


ATTRITION 


Atrut.kx  P.vt'ula,  a.  lacinin'ta  sen  Piir- 
elini'nit,  Sjin-ddiiiij  Oiache;  indiijenous ;  Fcimili/, 
ClKMiopoiliacea).  The  expressed  juice  is  said  to 
be  cathartic.  It  has  been  used,  in  place  of  gam- 
boge, in  dropsy  and  asthma. 

Anupi.Kx  PuRSHi.VNA,  A.  patnla. 

ATRIUM  CORDIS  DEXTER,  Sinus  dexter 
cor  lis  —  a.  Cordis  sinistruui,  Sinus  pulmonalis  — 
a.  Va2:ina>,  Vestibuluni. 

AT'ROl'A,  from  Arpon-os,  'immutable,'  'the 
goddess  of  destiny  j'  so  called  from  its  fatal 
effects. 

AthOPA  BeLLADON'nA,  Bellnrfou'llfX,  B.  hrtc- 
dfera  seu  trichot'umn,  Dead/i/  Xii/ht^hade,  Ooin- 
riioH  Dieale,  (Sc.)  Mekihrort,  Sohi'iiiim  letha'le 
sen  horteu'se  niijrnm,  Suhi'iutm  lunni'rtciim  seu 
/un'o'xiiiii  seu  mi-litiiocer'anHS,  (F.)  BvUddone, 
Jilorelle  fnriense,  Ijelle  Dtime.  Ord.  Solanaceae. 
Sex.  Synt.  Tetrnndria  Monogynia.  The  leaves — 
Bdlitdontia  (Ph.  U.  S.) — are  powerfully  narcotic, 
and  also  diaphoretic,  and  diuretic.  They  are 
occasionally  used  where  narcotics  are  indicated. 
Sprinkling  tiie  powdered  leaves  over  cancerous 
sores  has  been  found  to  allay  the  pain  ;  and  the 
leaves  form  a  good  poultice.  Dose,  gr.  J  to  gr.  j 
of  the  powdered  leaves. 

Atuopa  MANnilAG'oilA,  Mandrng'orn,  M.  ver- 
na'lis  seu  nj/iviint' lis  seu  acnii'lis,  Circoi'tt,  Antliro- 
pomorph'iin,  Malum  terren'tre,  Mmidrtike.  The 
boiled  root  has  been  used  in  the  form  of  poultice 
to  indolent  swellings. 

ATROPHIA,  Atrophy,  T.abes  — a.  Ahlactato- 
ruui,  Brash,  weaning — a.  Cerebri,  Plirenatrophia 
• — a.  Cordis,  Heart,  atrophy  of  the — a.  Glandula- 
ris, Tabes  mesenterica  —  a.  Hepatis,  Hepatatro- 
phia  —  a.  Infantum,  P.edatrojjhia,  Tabes  mesen- 
terica— a.  Iiitestinorum,  Enteratrophia.      , 

Atuophia  Lactan'tiu.m,  Tdbes  iiutrt'citm  seu 
lac'leit.     The  atrophy  of  nursing  women. 

Atuophia  Liknis,  Splenatrophia  —  a.  Mesen- 
terica, Tabes  mesenterica — a.  Testiculi,  Orchida- 
trojihia — a.  Utiguiuni,  Onychatrophia. 

A  TROPH/E,  Atropliy — a.  Mincnteriqne,  Tabes 
mesenterica. 

ATROPHJE  MVSCULATRE  PROGRES- 
SIVE, Farali/iie  innncidaire  (iti-opliit/iie,  Atnmhie 
muscidni re  primitive  ou  idiopathique  ou  uvec 
tranxformntiDii  r/rdiHueime.  A  rare  malady,  in 
which  the  muscles  become  so  greatly  atrophied 
that  thev  cannot  perform  their  functions. 

ATROPHIED,  see  Atrophy. 

AT'ROPIIY,  Mnrnii'mus  Atro'phia,  Atro'pTiia 
Iffirns'mm,  J/arrin'nis,  Jfa'cies,  Contabenceii'tia, 
Tubes,  Marco' res,  Aiiiilo'sis,  from  a,  privative, 
and  7-po0)7,  'nourishment.'  (F.)  Atrophie,  Bes- 
eech em  ent.  Defective  nutrition,  Hi/]>ot'riipInj.  Pro- 
gressive and  morbid  diminution  in  the  bull;  of 
the  whole  body  or  of  a  part.  Atrophy  is  gene- 
rally symptomatic.  Any  tissue  or  organ  thu3 
affected  is  said  to  be  nt'ropliied. 

Atrophy  of  the  Heart,  see  Heart,  atrophy 
of  the. 

ATROPIA,  Atropine — a.  Sulphate  of,  Atropise 
sulphas. 

ATROP'IiE  SULPHAS,  Sulphate  of  Atrop'ia 
(Ph.  L.).  Formed  by  dissolving  atropia  in  dilute 
eidphuric  acid;  evaporating,  and  crystallizing. 
Virtues,  the  same  as  those  of  Atropia. 

AT'ROPIXR,  Atriipi'iia,  Atrop'ia,  Atrop'tum, 
Atvopi'iiiim,  Ilelliidon'in'n,  (F.)  Atropine.  The 
active  principle  of  Atropn  Relladoiina,  separated 
by  Brandes,  by  a  process  similar  to  that  for  pro- 
curing morphia.  A  single  drop  of  a  solution,  of 
one  grain  in  f^'^  of  distilled  water  with  a 
few  drops  of  acetic  acid,  applied  to  the  inner 
surface  of  the  lower  eyelid,  causes  dilatation  of 
the  pupil,  in  fifteen  or  twentj'  minutes.  A  grain 
to  a  drachm  of  lard  is  an  application  in  neu- 
ralgia. 1 


ATTACHE.  Insertion. 

ATTACK,  fiisiil'tiis,  Assid'tiis,  Irrep'tio,  /lira'- 
sin,  Eis'bole,  Lcpsia,  (Prov.)  Take,  (F.)  Attiu/iie. 
A  sudden  attack,  invasion  or  onset  of  a  disease. 
A  seizure.  One  attacked  or  affected  witli  severe 
disease  is  often  said,  in  the  United  States,  to  be 
"taken  down,"  or  to  be  "down"  with  it. 
ATTAGAS,  Attagen. 

AT'TACJEN,  At'tatjas,  the  Fran'colin.  Cele- 
brated with  tlic  ancients  both  as  food  and  medi- 
cine.— Martial,  Aristophanes. 

ATTANCOURT,  MIXEllAL  WATERS  OF. 
A  mineral  water  in  France,  at  Attancourt,  in 
Champagne;  about  three  leagues  nortli  of  Join- 
ville.  The  water  is  a  chalybeate,  and  contains 
i  sulphate  of  lime.  In  large  doses  it  i,«  purgative 
!  ATTAQUE,  Attack  — «.  des  Kerfs,  Nervous 
attack. 

ATTAR  OF  ROSES,  see  Rosa  centifolia. 
ATTELLE,  Splint. 

ATTEXOTING,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
in  Bavaria.  The  water  contains  carlionic  acid, 
carbonates  of  lime  and  soda,  sulphates  of  lime 
and  magnesia,  chloride  of  sodium,  iron  and  alum. 
It  is  much  used  in  skin  diseases,  fistula,  old  ul- 
cers, calculi,  and  hcBmorrhoids. 

ATTEX'UANTS,  Attenuan'lia,  Leptini'lica, 
(F.)  Attenuduts,  Lcptontiqucs,  from  tenuis,  'thin.' 
Me<licines  which  augment  the  fluidity  of  the 
humours. 

ATTEXUA'TION,  Attenua'tio ,-  same  etymon. 
Thinness,  emaciation.     A   term  used  by  the  ho- 
moeopathists,  in  tlie  sense  of  dilution  or  division 
of  remedies  into  infinitesimal  doses. 
ATT! RANT,  Attrahent. 

AT'TITCIDE,  Situs  Cor'pnris.  Low  Latin, 
cpfitudo  ;  from  Latin  aptare.  'to  fit.'  Situation, 
position  of  the  body.  The  attitudes  are  the  dif- 
ferent postures  which  man  is  capable  of  assum- 
ing. In  General  Pathohxpi,  the  attitude  will 
often  enable  the  physician  to  pronounce  at  once 
upon  the  character  of  ii  disease,  or  it  will  aid  liira 
materially  in  his  judgment.  In  St.  Vitus's  dance, 
in  fractures,  luxations,  Ac,  it  is  the  great  index. 
It  will  also  indicate  the  degree  of  nervous  or 
cerebral  power;  hence  sinking  down  in  bed  is 
an  evidence  of  great  cerebral  debility  in  fever. 
The  position  of  a  patient  during  an  operation  is 
also  an  interesting  subject  of  attention  to  the 
surgeon. 

ATTOL'LENS  AIIREM,  A.  Auric' uIcp.  Lcra'. 
tor  Aiiris,  Siipe'rior  Anris,  Attol'lens  Anric'idam, 
Auricula'ris  snpe'rior,  (F.)  Auriculaire  snperieiir, 
Temporo-auriculaire.  A  muscle  of  the  ear,  which 
arises,  thin,  broad,  and  tendinous,  from  the 
tendon  of  the  occipito-frontalis,  and  is  inserted 
into  the  upper  jiart  of  the  ear,  opposite  to  the 
anti-helix.     It  raises  the  ear. 

Attollexs  Oculi,  Rectus  superior  oculi— a, 
Oculum,  Rectus  superior  oculi. 

A  TTOUCflEMENT,  Masturbation. 
ATTRACTION   OF  AGGREGATION,  Cohe- 
sion, force  of. 
ATTRACTIVUM,  see  Magnet. 
ATTRACTIVUS,  Attrahent. 
ATTRACTORIUS.  Attrahent. 
ATTRAHEXS  AURICULAM,  Anterior  auris. 
AT'TRAHENT,   At'trahens,   Attracii' cus,  Al- 
traeto'rius,   from    ad,    'to,'  and  traho,  'I   draw.' 
(P.)  Attractif,  Attirant.     Remedies  are  so  called, 
which  attract  fluids  to  the  parts  to  which  they 
are  applied,  as  blisters,  rubefacients,  Ac. 

ATTRAHE-LOURDAUT  (F.).     A    bistoury 
invented  by  a  French  surgeon,  called  Biennaise, 
and  used  in  the  operation  for  hernia.     See  Bis- 
touri  cachd. 
ATTRITA,  Chafing. 
ATTRITIO.  Attrition,  Chafing. 
ATTRIT"ION,    Aitri"tio,    Ecthlim'ma,    from 


ATTRITUS 


lo: 


AURANTIUM 


ad,  and  tercre,  '  to  bruise.'    Friction  or  bruising.  ] 
Clialiu}^. — (Jalen.     Also,  a  kind  of  cardialgia. — 
Seniiortus.     Likewise,  a  violent  contusion. 
ATTKITU8,  Cliafing. 

ATYP'IC,   Alyit'icuH,   At'ypo8,   (F.)   Afypiqne, 
from  a,  privative,  and  rviroi,  'lyi)C.'     Tlial  which  1 
has  no  type.     Irre-^ular.     Chiefly  api)lied  to  an 
irrefjular  intermittent, — Fchris  atyp'tca. 

ATYl'O.s,  Erratic. 

AUAX.Sl.S,  Drying. 

AUAN'TE,  Aitdji'se,  from  avavan,  'desicca- 
tion.' Hippocrates  gave  this  name  to  a  disease, 
the  principal  symptom  of  which  was  emaciation. 
Atroi)hy. 

AUHE-VIGNE,  Clematis  vitalba. 

AU  UK  I' INK,  Mespilus  oxvacantha. 

AUIiintaiNE,  Solannm  Melongena. 

AUIilFOIN,  Centaurea  cyanus,  Cyanus  sege- 
tum. 

AUCHEN.  Collnm. 

AUCHKXOKRIIEUMA.  Torticollis. 

AUCIIE'TICUS,  from  avxriv,  'the  neck.'  One 
affected  with  stiff  neck  or  torticollis. 

AUCTUMNUS,  Autumn. 

AUDE,  Voice. 

AliDINAC,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Au- 
dinac  is  situate  in  the  department  of  Arriege, 
France.  The  water  contains  a  small  quantity 
of  sulphohydric  acid,  carbonic  acid,  sulphates  of 
lime  and  magnesia,  carbonates  of  lime  and  iron, 
and  a  bituminous  substance.  Temp.  67°  Fahr. 
It  is  much  used  in  chronic  rheumatism,  herpes, 
scrofulous  diseases,  &c. 

AUDITIF,  Auditory. 

AU1)1T"I0N,  from  andire,  auditum. ' tohenr  ;' 
Audit" io,  Aiidi'tKK,  A'coe,  Acne'nis,  Aca'sis,  (F.) 
Ouie,  Hearing.  The  act  of  hearing.  The  sen- 
sation arising  from  an  impression  made  on  the 
auditory  nerves  by  the  vibrations  of  the  air,  pro- 
duced by  a  sonorous  body.  The  physiology  of 
Audition  is  obscure.     It  proba.l)ly  takes  place  : — 

1.  By  the  vihrations  being  communicated  from 
the  membrana  tympani  along  the  chain  of  small 
bones  to  the  membrane   of  the  foramen  ovale. 

2.  By  means  of  the  air  in  the  cavity  of  the  tym- 
panum, the  meml)rane  of  the  foramen  rotundum 
is  agitated.  .3.  The  transmission  may  be  made 
by  means  of  the  bony.yiarietes.  In  these  three 
■ways  the  vihrations  produced  by  a  sonorous  body 
may  reach  the  auditory  nerve.  Audition  may  be 
actii'e  or  passive  :  hence  the  difference  between 
llsteitiiir/  and  simply  henriiig. 

AU'DITORY,  Audito'rius,  Aiidi'ti'rm,  Aciin'- 
ticHs,  (F.)  Audit;/.  That  which  relates  to  audi- 
tion. 

Auditory  Arteries  and  Veins,  are  vessels 
.which  enter  the  auditory  canals,  and  are,  like 
them,  distinguished  into  internal  and  external. 
The  e.rteriial  auditory  artery,  A.  Tywpanique — 
(Ch.)  is  given  off  by  the  styloid,  a  branch  of  the 
external  carotid:  the  internal  is  a  branch  of  the 
basilary  artery,  which  accompanies  the  auditory 
nerve,  and  is  distributed  to  it.  The  Auditory 
Veins  eu)pty  into  the  internal  and  external  ju- 
gulars. 

Auditory  Canal,  External,  Mea'tns  audito'. 
rius  exter'nuH,  Alvea'rium,  Scapha,  Seaphus,  (F.) 
Conduit  auditif  externe,  Conduit  anriculaire, 
commences  at  the  bottom  of  the  concha,  at  the 
Fora'nieu  anditi'rum  extcr'num,  passes  inwards, 
forwards,  and  a  little  downwards,  and  terminates 
at  the  membrana  tympnni.  It  is  partly  cartila- 
ginous, iiartly  osseous,  and  partly  fibrous. 

AuDiTOUY  Canal,  Internal.  Mvn'tns  audito'- 
rius intrr'nus.  Poms  seu  Sinus  acus'licus,  Cynr, 
(F  )  Conduit  auditif'  interne.  C.  labyrinthir/ue,  IS 
situate  on  the  posterior  surface  of  the  pars  pe- 
trosa  of  the  temporal  bone.  From  the  Fora'men 
auditi'vum   iuter'itum,   where   it   commences,   it 


passes  forwards  and  outwards,  and  terminates 
by  a  kind  of  cul-de-sac,  mac'ula  crihro'sa,  perfo- 
rated by  many  holes,  one  of  which  is  the  orifice 
of  the  Acjuwductus  Falloijii ;  and  the  others  com- 
municate with  the  labyrinth. 

Auditory  Nerve,  Xervna  audito'rius  seu  acus'- 
ticus,  Nerf  lahyrinthique  —  (Ch.),  is  the  Po/Z/o 
Mollis  of  the  seventh  pair.  It  arises  fi-om  the 
corpus  restiforme,  from  the  floor  of  tho  fourth 
ventricle,  and  by  means  of  white  striaj  from  the 
sides  of  the  calamus  scriptorius.  As  it  leaves  the 
encephalon,  it  forms  a  flattened  cord,  and  pro- 
ceeds with  the  facial  nerve  through  the  foramen 
auditivum  internum,  and  as  far  as  the  l)ottom  of 
the  meatus,  where  it  separates  from  the  facial, 
and  divides  into  two  branches,  one  going  to  il.e 
cochlea,  the  cochlear ;  the  other  to  the  vestibule 
and  semi-circular  canals,  the  vestibular. 

AUGE,  Al'veus.  Some  of  the  older  anatomists 
gave  this  name  to  a  reservoir,  into  which  liquiils 
flow  in  an  interrupted  manner,  so  that  it  is  alter- 
nately full  and  empty.  Such  are  the  ventricles 
and  auricles  of  the  heart. 

AUGdERE,  Intcruiittent  Fever. 
AUGMENTA'TION,  from  au</ere,  auctum,  'to 
increase;'   Atigmen'tum,  Increinen'tum,  Anub'asis, 
Auc'tio,   Auxis,   Proyres'sio,    Proijres'sus,  Auxe'- 
sis,   (F.)   Augment.     The   stage    of  a  disease   in 
which  the  symptoms  go  on  increasing. 
AULISCUS,  Canula.     See  Fistula. 
AULOS,    Canula,   Fistula.     See   Vagina,  and 
Foramen. 

A U MALE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Au- 
male  is  a  town  of  Up])er  Normandy,  in  the  coun- 
try of  Caux.  Several  springs  of  ferruginuus 
mineral  waters  are  found  there,  whose  odnur  is 
penetrating,  and  taste  rough  and  astringent. 
They  are  tonic,  and  employed  in  debility  of  the 
viscera,  <fec. 

AUMURE,  Parietaria. 
AUXE  NOUIE,  Kharanus  frangnla. 
AUNEE,    Inula    helonium  —  a.   iJyHcnIfriiine, 
Inula  dysenterica — a.  Officinale,  Inula  heleniuiu. 
AURA,  Pnoe.     A  vapour  or  emanation  from 
any  body,  surrounding  it    like    an    atmosphere. 
Van  Helmont  regarded  the  vital  principle  as  a 
gas  and  volatile    spirit,   which    he    called  Aura 
vi  talis. 

In  Pathology.  Aura  means  the  sensation  of  a 
light  vapour,  which,  in  some  diseases,  appears 
to  set  out  from  tiie  trunk  or  limbs  ;  and  to  rise 
towards  the  head.  This  feeling  has  been  foun'l 
to  precede  attacks  of  epilepsy  and  hysteria,  and 
hence  it  has  been  called  Aura  Epilep'tica,  and 
A.  hyster'ica. 

Aura  Epileptica,  see  Aura — a.  Ilysteiicn,  see 
Aura. 

Aura  San'guinis.  The  odour  exhaled  by  blood 
newly  drawn.     See  Gaz  Sanguinis. 

Aura   Sem'inis,   A.  semina'Us,   Spir'itns  geni- 
ta'lis:  —  A  volatile  principle  fancied  to  exist  in 
the  sperm,  and  regarded  by  some  as  the  fecun- 
dating agent.     Such  is  not  the  case. 
Aura  Vitalis,  Vital  principle. 
AURAL     MEDICINE     AND     SURGERY, 
Otiatria. 
AURANCUM,  see  Ovuib. 
A  URANITE,  see  Agaric. 
AURAN'TIA  CURASSAVEN'TIA,.'!.  C»m»- 
sav'ica,  Curasso'a  apples  or  oranges.     Immature 
oranges,  checked,  by  accident,  in   their  growth. 
They  are  a  grateful,  aromatic  bitter,  devoid  (/f 
aciditj'.     Infused  in  wine  or  brandy  they  make  a 
good    stomachic.     They   are   also  used  for  issue 
peas.     See  Citrus  aurantium. 

AURANTII  CORTEX,  see  Citrus  aurantium 
— a.  Floris  Aqua,  see  Citrus  aurantium. 
AURANTIUM,  Citrus  aurantium. 


AURELIANA   CANADENSIS       108 


AUTEMESIA 


AURELIANA  CANADENSIS,  Punax  quin- 
quefolium. 

AUREOLA.  Areola. 

AURI  CHLORETUM  CUM  CHLORETO 
NATRII,  see  Gold— a.  Chloridum,  Gold,  muriate 
of — a.  Cliloretuin,  Gold,  muriate  of — a.  Cyanidum, 
see  Gold — a.  Cj'anuretuui,  see  Gold — a.  lodidum, 
see  Gold  —  a.  loduretum,  see  Gold  —  a.  et  Natri 
chlorureiuin,  sec  Gold — a.  Murias,  Gold,  muriate 
of — a.  Nitro-muriiis,  see  Gold  —  a.  Oxidum,  see 
Gold  —  a.  Terchloridum,  sec  Gold  —  a.  Tercyani- 
dum,  see  Gold— a.  Teroxidum,  see  Gold. 

AURICHALCUM,  Brass. 

AimiChE.  Auric' iilci,  {F.)  Ai(ricule,  Oricnle. 
Diminutive  of  nun's,  an  ear.  The  pavilion  of 
the  ear.     See  Pavilion. 

Auricles  of  the  Heart,  Aun'c'ula,  A'tria, 
Cttvita'teH  iniiomiita'tcB,  (P.)  Orcillettcs,  are  two 
cavities,  one  right,  the  other  left,  each  communi- 
cating with  the  ventricle  of  its  side.  These  two 
cavities  receive  the  blood  from  every  part  of  the 
body.  Into  the  ric/Jit  auricle,  the  two  vena;  cava; 
and  corcjiiary  vein  open  :  into  the  left,  the  four 
pulmonary  veins.  Chaussier  calls  the  former  the 
iS'iiius  of  the  Voice.  Cava; :  —  the  latter,  the  Siinis 
of  the  I'utiiwnari/  Veins.  The  foliated  or  dog's 
ear  portion  of  each  auricle  is  called  Appen'dix 
auric'u/a.     See  Sinus. 

Auricula  .Jud.e,  Peziza  auricula  —  a.  Muris, 
Hieracium  Pilosella — a.  Muris  major,  Hieracium 
murorum. 

AURICULATRE,  Auricular,  see  Digitus  — n. 
PoHterieur,  Retrahens  auris — a.  Superieur,  Attol- 
Icns  aurem. 

AURICULAR,  Attricula'ria,  Oric'nlar,  (F.) 
Auriculnire,  from  auricula,  'the  ear.'  That 
■which  belongs  to  the  ear,  especially  to  the  ex- 
ternal ear. 

AURIC'ULAR     Ar'TERIES      AND     VeINS,     Oricu- 

laires — (Ch.),  are  divided  into  anterior  and  jjos- 
terior.  The  anterior  are  of  indeterminate  num- 
ber. They  arise  from  the  temporal  artery,  and 
are  distributed  to  the  meatus  auditorius  externus, 
and  to  the  pavilion  of  the  ear.  The  posterior 
auricular  is  given  off  by  the  external  carotid, 
from  which  it  separates  in  the  substance  of  the 
parotid  gland.  When  it  reaches  the  inferior  part 
of  the  pavilion  of  the  ear  it  bifurcates;  one  of  its 
branches  being  distributed  to  the  inner  surface 
of  the  pavilion,  the  other  passing  over  the  mas- 
toid process,  and  being  distributed  to  the  tempo- 
ral and  posterior  aiiris  muscles,  &c.  Before  its 
bifurcation  it  gives  off  the  stylo-mastoid  artery. 
The  Anterior  and  Posterior  Auricular  Veins  open 
into  the  temporal  and  external  jugular. 

Auricular  Pln'Ger,  (F.)  Doigt  auriculaire,  is 
the  little  finger,  so  called  because,  owing  to  its 
size,  it  can  be  more  readily  introduced  into  the 
meatus  auditorius. 

Auricular  Nerves  are  several.  1.  The  au- 
ricuhtr  branch,  Zyf/omnto-auricular,  is  one  of 
the  ascemliiig  branches  of  the  cervical  plexus. 
It  ramifies  and  spreads  over  the  two  surfaces  of 
the  pavilion.  2.  The  aurioilnr  or  superficial 
temporal,  Temporal-cutaneous — (Ch.),  is  given  off 
from  the  inferior  maxillary.  It  ascends  between 
the  condyle  of  the  jaw  and  the  meatus  auditorius 
externus,  sends  numerous  filaments  to  the  meatus 
and  pavilion,  and  divides  into  two  twigs,  which 
accompany  the  branches  of  the  temporal  artery, 
and  are  distributed  to  the  integuments  of  the 
head.  There  is  also  a  posterior  auricular  fur- 
nished bv  the  facial. 

AURI'CULARIA  SAMBUCI.  Peziza  auricula. 

AURICULARIS  ANTERIOR,  Anterior  auris 
^a.  Superior,  Attollens  aurem. 

AURICIUjE,  Auricle,  Pavilion  of  the  ear. 

AURIC'ULO-VENTRIC'ULAR,  A'trio-ven- 
tric'ular,    A'trio-ventricula' ris,   Auric' ulo-ventri- 


cula'ris,  ('F.)Auriculo-vcntriculaire.  That  which 
belongs  to  thc  auricles  and  ventricles  of  the  heart. 
The  communications  between  the  auricles  and 
ventricles  are  so  called.  Thc  Tricuspid  and  3Ii- 
tral  V'llrcs  are  auriculo-ventricular  valves. 

AURI'(jA.  a  species  of  bandage  for  the  ribs, 
described  by  Galen.     See,  also.  Liver. 

AURIGO,  Icterus  —  a.  Ncophytorum,  Icterus 
Infantum. 

AURIPIGMENTUM,  Orpiment— a.  Rubrum, 
Realgar. 

AURIS,  Ear. 

AURISCALPIUM,  Earpick. 

AVRISCOI^'IVM,  Au'riscope,  from  auris,  'the 
ear,'  and  ckottcui,  'I  view.'  An  instrument  for 
exploring  the  ear. 

AURIST,  Otia'ter,  Otia'trus,  Ear-doctor,  Ear- 
surcjeon ;  from  auris,  'the  ear.'  One  who  occu- 
pies himself  chiefly  with  the  diseases  of  the  ear 
and  their  treatment. 

AURIUM  FLUCTUATIO,  Rombus- a.  Mar- 
morata.  Cerumen — a.  Sibilus,  Bombus — a.  Soni- 
tus,  Bombus — a.  Sordes,  Cerumen — a.  Susurrus, 
Bombus. 

A  U R  0  N E,  Artemisia  abrotanum  —  a.  des 
Champs,  Artemisia  campcstris  —  a.  des  Jardina, 
Artemisia  abrotanum  —  a.  Ildle,  Artemisia  abro- 
tanum. 

AURUGO,  Icterus. 

AURUM,  Gold  — a.  Chloratura,  Gold,  mu- 
riate of — a.  Chloratum  natronatum,  see  Gold — a. 
Foliatum,  Gold  leaf — a.  in  Libellis,  Gold  leaf — a. 
Leprosum,  Antimonium  —  a.  Limatum,  see  Gold 
— a.  Muriaticum,  see  Gold — a.  Muriaticum  natro- 
natum, see  Gold. 

AuRUM  MuSi'vUM,  Anrum  3fosa'icum,  Sulph'- 
uret  of  Tin,  Deutosulphuret  or  Persulpliuret  of 
tin.  (Qnichsilver,  tin,  sulphur,  sal  ammoniac, 
aa,  equal  parts.  The  tin  being  first  melted,  the 
quicksilver  is  poured  into  it,  and  then  the  whole 
are  ground  together,  and  sublimed  in  a  bolthead. 
The  aurum  musivum  lies  at  the  bottom.)  It  is 
used  in  some  empirical  preparations. 

Aurum  Oxydatum,  see  Gold — a.  Oxydulatum 
muriaticum,  Gold,  muriate  of — a.  Nitro-muriati- 
cum,  see  Gold — a.  Salitum,  Gold,  muriate  of. 

AUS'CULTATE,  from  auscultare,  'to  listen.' 
To  practise  auscultation.  'To  auscult'  is  at  times 
used  with  the  same  signification. 

AUSCULTA'TION,  Ausculta'tio,  Echos'cnpe, 
act  of  listening.  Buisson  has  used  it  synony- 
mously with  listening.  Laennec  introduced  aus- 
cultation to  appreciate  the  different  sounds  which 
can  be  heard  in  the  chest,  and  in  the  diagnosis 
of  diseases  of  the  heart,  lungs,  <fec.  This  may 
be  done  by  the  aid  of  an  instrument  called  a  ste- 
thoscoptc,  one  extremity  of  which  is  applied  to  the 
ear,  the  other  to  the  chest  of  the  patient.  This 
mode  of  examination  is  called  3Iedlatc  Ausculta- 
tion, (F.)  Auscultation  mediate, — the  application 
of  the  ear  to  the  chest  being  immediate  ausculta- 
tion. 

The  act  of  exploring  the  chest  is  called  Stctho- 
scop'ia,  and  Thoracoscopt'ia ;  of  the  abdomen, 
A  hdo  m  in  oscop '  ia . 

AUSCULTATORY,  Auscidtato'rius ,-  Ans'cul- 
fonj,  Auscul'tic,  (with  some.)  Belonging  or  hav- 
ing relation  to  auscultation. 

Auscultatory  Percussion,  see  Acouophonia. 

AUSTERE',  Auste'rus.  Substances  which  pro- 
duce a  high  degree  of  acerb  impression  on  the 
organs  of  taste. 

AUSTRUCHE,  Tmperatoria. 

AUTALGIA  DOLOROSA,  Neuralgia,  facial, 
Pleurodynia— a.  Pruriginosa,  Itching— a.  Vertigo, 
Vertigo. 

AUTARCI'A,  from  avroi,  'himself,' and  apKw, 
'I  am  satisfied.'     Moral  tranquillity. — Galen. 

AUTEMES'IA,  from  auroj,  'self,'  and  tumi, 


AUTEMPRESMUS 


109 


AVENA 


*  vomiting.'  Spontaneous  or  idiopathic  vomiting. 
— Alil)crt. 

AUTKMPRESMUS,  Combustion,  human. 

AUTJIE'AIEIION.  A  medicine  which  cures 
on  tlie  day  of  its  exhibition;  from  auros,  'the 
same,'  iiml  'ti/apa,  '  day.' 

AUTil V(ilAXSIS,  Vis  medicatrix  naturte. 

AUTOCIIIK,  Anlofhi' run,  Sidci'dit,  from  avTOi, 
'himself,'  and  ;!^£(p,  'hand.  One  wlio  has  com- 
mitted suicide.     A  .self-murderer  or  suicide. 

AUTOCHIRIA,  Suicide. 

AUTOCINE'SIS,  Motus  volunta'rins,  from 
avToi,  '  self,'  and  Kivnan,  '  motion.'  Voluntary 
motion. 

A  U  T  0  C '  R  A  S  Y,  Antocrati'a,  A utocmto'ria, 
from  oiiTo;,  '  himself,'  and  Kparo;,  '  strength.'  In- 
dependent force.  Action  of  the  vital  principle, 
or  of  the  instinctive  powers,  towards  the  preser- 
vation of  the  intlividual.  See  Vis  Medicatrix 
Katura}.     Also,  the  vital  principle. 

AUTOCRATIA,  Autocrasy,  Vis  Medicatrix 
Natur.e. 

AUTOCRATORIA,  Autocrasy— a.  Physiatrice, 
Vis  medicatrix  naturaj. 

AUTOCTONIA,  Suicide. 

AUTOG"ENOUS,  from  avro;,  'self,' and  ycv- 
*ao>,  '  I  generate.'  A  term  applied  by  Mr.  Owen 
to  parts  or  elements  that  are  usually  developed 
from  distinct  and  independent  centres;  as  in  the 
case  of  the  dilierent  parts  or  elements  that  form 
a  vertebra. 

AUTO(jONIA,  Generation,  equivocal. 

AUTOLITIIOT'OMUS,  from  avros,  'himself,' 
X(9os,  'a  stone,'  and  rtitvuv,  'to  cut.'  One  who 
operates  upon  himself  for  the  stone. 

AUTOMAT'IC,  Automat' icitu,  Aiitom'atu8,  (F.) 
Antomatiqiie,  from  avTOfiarog,  '  spontaneous.'  That 
■which  acts  of  itself.  Those  movements  are  called 
oi/^.5);in/('c  which  are  executed  without  volition  : — 
involuntary  motions,  matus  automat' ici  seu  au- 
tom'ati  seu  iuvo/uutn'rii. 

AUTOMXAL,  Autumnal. 

AUTOXOM'IA.  Via  medica'trix  notu'rcB.  The 
■word  Antoiioinid  is  occasionally  employed  by  the 
French  and  Germans  for  the  peculiar  mechanism 
of  an  organized  body.  Thus,  although  indivi- 
duals of  the  same  species  may  ditier  in  outward 
conforniaticm,  their  mechanism  or  instinctive 
laws  (Aniotiomin)  may  be  the  same. 

AUTONYCTOBATIA,  Somnambulism. 

AUTOPEP'SIA,  from  avros,  'self,'  and  Trtrro), 
'I  concoct.'  Self-digestion, — as  of  the  stomach 
after  death. 

AUTOPJIIA,  Autopsia. 

AUTOPirONY,  AutojjJio'nin,  (F.)  Autnjihonie, 
Retentiixement  autopkonique,  from  a«rof,  'self,' 
and  0ci)v>;,  '  voice.'  An  auscultatory  sign  pointed 
out  by  M.  Ilourmann,  which  consists  in  noting 
the  character  of  the  observer's  own  voice,  while 
he  speaks  with  his  head  placed  close  to  the  pa- 
tient's chest.  The  voice,  it  is  alleged,  will  be 
modified  by  the  condition  of  the  subjacent  organs. 
The  resonance,  thus  heard,  he  terms  reteutisse- 
mcnt  aictophoiiique.  This  diagnostic  agency  Dr. 
R.  G.  Latham  proposes  to  term  heautophon' iea. 

AUTOPIIOXIA.  Suicide. 

AUTOPHOSPIIORUS,  Phosphorus. 

AUTOPLAS'TIC,  Autoplna'ticua,  from  aurof, 
'self,'  and  irAaorixos,  'formative.'  Relating  to 
autoplastj'  or  i)lastic  surgery. 

AUTOPy^ASTlCE.  Morioplastice. 

AUTOPLASTY,  Morioplastice. 

AUTOP'SIA,  Au'topni/,  from  aurof,  'himself,' 
and  oi^if,  '  vision.'  Autoph' i<t,  Autuscnp'ia.  In- 
spection ;  examination  by  one's  self;  self-inspec- 
tion.    Often  improperly  used  for  the  following: 

Altop'sia  Cadaveh'ica,  (F.)  Autopm'e  ou  Ou- 
verture  cnd<tvcriqiie.  Attentive  examination  after 
death; — Examination  post  mortem,  Sectio  Cadav'- 


eris,  Disaection,  Nec'roacopy,  Nee'ropay,  Necro- 
acoj)'iri,  Xecroj/'aifi,  Necrop'aia,  —  practised  for 
the  purpose  of  investigating  the  causes  and  seat 
of  an  aii'ection  of  v^hich  a  person  may  have 
died,  <ifcc. 

AuTop'siA  Cadaver'ica  Lega'i.is,  Sec'tio  seu 
Ohduc'tio  leija'lia,  is  the  examination  after  death 
for  medico-legal  purposes. 

AUTOPYROS,  Syneomistos. 

AUTOSCOPIA,  Autopsia. 

AU'TOSITE,  from  auroj,  'self/  and  airof, 
'nourishment.'  A  single  monster,  capable  of 
deriving  nourishment  from  its  own  proper  or- 
gans, in  contradistinction  to  Omplialoxiie. 

AUTOTIIERAPIA,  Vis  medicatrix  nature. 

AVJlVM}^,  Autum'nue,  A\ictuiii'iiua.  from  nu- 
gere,auctum,  'to  increase' [?],  Plilhiropo'ron,  {¥.) 
Autonine.  One  of  the  seasons  of  the  year,  between 
the  'I'.'id  of  September  and  the  21st  of  l)ecember. 
In  all  climates,  the  Autumn  or  Fall  is  liable  to 
disease;  a  combination  of  local  and  atmo.^pheric 
causes  being  then  present,  favourable  to  its  pro- 
duction. 

AUTUM'NAL,  Anlumno'lin,  (F.)  Automnnl. 
Relating  to  Autumn;  as  Autumtiul  Fruits,  Au- 
tumnal Fevera,  <tc. 

Autumnal  Fkver  generally  assumes  a  bilious 
aspect.  Those  of  the  intermittent  kind  are  much 
more  obstinate  than  when  they  appear  in  the 
spring. 

AUXESIS,  Augmentation,  Increase. 

AUXIL'IARY,  Auxilia'ria,  from  au.rilium, 
'aid.'  (F.)  Aujcilitrire.  That  which  assists,  or 
from  wiiich  assistance  is  obtained. 

AuxiLiATtY  Mi;dicine  is  one  which  assists  the 
principal  medicine  or  basis.  It  is  synonymous 
with  Adjuvant. 

AuxiiJAKY  Muscles  are  those  which  concur 
in  the  same  movement.  Some  anatomists  have 
applied  the  term  to  several  ligaments,  as  well  as 
to  the  fleshy  fibres,  which  hang  from  the  sucro- 
apinii/is  muscle. 

AUXILIUM,  .Juvans,  Medicament. 

AUXIS,  Augmentation,  Increase. 

AVA,  Arva,  K(ii;ii.  An  intoxicating  narcotic 
drink,  made  by  chewing  the  Piper  methisticum. 
It  is  much  used  by  the  Polvnesians. 

AVAILLES,  WATERS  OF.  A  small  village 
in  France,  II:!  leagues  S.  S.  E.  of  Ptiitiers,  at 
which  there  is  a  cold  saline  chalybeate.  It 
contains  chlorides  of  sodium  and  calcium,  sul- 
phate and  subearlionate  of  soda,  iron,  Ac. 

AYANT-BOUUIIE  (¥.),  Oh  anti'cnm.  This 
name  has  been  applied  by  some  to  the  mouth, 
p'roi)erly  so  called — -in  contradistinction  to  the 
Arriere  bouclie  or  I'haryii.c. 

A  V ANT- BR  AS,  Fore-arm. 

AVANT-CCFUR,  Scrobiculus  cordis. 

AVANT-GOUT  {¥.),  Pragnatu'lio.  A  fore- 
taste ;   prsvgustation. 

AVASf-iMAIN  (Y.),  Adrer'aa  Manns.  The 
inside  of  the  hand,  when  extended. 

A  VANT-PIFD  (F.).  The  most  advanced  part 
of  the  foot. 

A  VANT-POIGNET  (F.).  The  anterior  part 
of  the  wrist. 

A  VELINE,  Corylus  avellana,  (nut.) 

AVELLANA,  Corylus  avellana — a.  Cathartica, 
Jatropha  curcas. 

AVE'NA,  liromoa.  Oafs,  (Prov.,  North  of  Eng- 
land) Aits.  The  seeds  of  Are'7in  sati'vn.  Ord. 
Gramineae.  Sex.  Syst.  Triandria  Digynia.  (F.) 
Avoine.  Oats  are  used  as  food  for  man  in  some 
parts,  particularly  in  the  Xorth  of  Entrland  and 
Scotland.  AVhcn  deprived  of  the  husks,  they 
form  Groata.  Reduced  to  meal — Avenes  Fari'na, 
Oatmeal,  (Ph.  U.  8.)  —  they  are  applied  as  cata- 
plasms to  promote  suppuration.  The  dry  meal ' 
is  sprinkled  over  erysipelatous  parts. 


AYEN.E    FARINA 


1  10 


A  XOID  0-A  TLOIDIEN 


Ontmca?  rjruel,  Wnter  griief,  is  prepared  as  fol- 
lows : —  Take  of  ontmcnl,  ^^ij  :  soft  wntei;  Oiss. 
Rub  the  meal  in  a  basin,  wiUi  the  back  of  a  spoon, 
in  a  ino'ierate  quantity  of  the  water,  pouring  off 
the  fluid  after  the  grosser  particles  have  subsided, 
but  whilst  the  milkiness  continues;  and  repeat 
the  operation  until  no  more  milkiness  is  commu- 
nicated to  the  water.  Put  the  washings  in  a  pan, 
after  having  stirred  them  well,  in  order  to  sus- 
pend any  fecula  which  may  have  subsided;  and 
boil  until  a  soft,  thick  mucilage  is  formed. 

It  is  a  good  demulcent,  and  is  used  also  as  a 
vehicle  for  clysters. 

AvKNA  ExroRTicATA,  Groats. 

AVENyE  FARINA,  see  Avena. 

AVENHEIM,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Avenheim  is  three  leagues  from  Strasburg:  near 
it  is  an  aperient  mineral  water. 

AVENNES.  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Avennes  is  a  village  in  the  department  of  He- 
rault,  in  France :  near  it  is  a  saline  spring,  the 
temperature  of  which  rises  to  81°  Fahrenheit. 

AVENS,  COMMON,  Oeum  urbanum— a.  Pur- 
ple, Geum  rivale  —  a.  Water,  Geum  rivale  —  a. 
White,  Geum  Virginianum  —  a.  Yellow,  Geum 
urban  nm. 

A VKRICH,  Sulphur. 

AVERRHO'A  BILIM'BT,  7?(7nn'6/,  BiUmhing 
teres.  Orel.  Oxalidea3  :  called  after  Averrhoes. 
An  Indian  tree,  which  has  a  fruit  that  is  too  acid 
to  be  eaten  alone.  It  is  used  as  a  condiment, 
and  in  the  form  of  syrup  as  a  refrigerant. 

AvERnno'A  Caram'bolA,  Ifdliim  Coen'se,  Pru- 
num  stelhi'tum,  Tam'ara,  Conga,  Uaram'boln. 
An  Indian  tree,  whose  fruits  are  agreeably  acid. 
The  bark,  bruised,  is  employed  as  a  cataplasm, 
and  its  fruit  is  used  as  a  refrigerant  in  bilious 
fever  and  dysentery. 

AVER'SION,  Aver'sio,  Apot'rope,  from  aver- 
tere,  [a  and  vertere,)  'to  turn  from.'  Extreme 
repugnance  for  anything  whatever. 

A  VERSION  (F.)  also  means,  in  therapeutics, 
the  action  of  medicines  which  turn  the  afflux  of 
fluids  from  one  organ,  and  direct  them  toothers; 
being  synonymous  with  counter-irritation,  or 
rather,  revuhsion  or  derit:ation. 

AYEliriN  (F.).  A  disease  of  the  mind, 
which,  according  to  Lavoisien,  renders  the  pa- 
tient obstinate  and  furious. 

A  VEUGLE,  Csecus. 

AVEUGLEMEXT,  Caecitas  — «.  de  Jour, 
Nyctalopia — a.  de  Nin't,  Hemeralopia. 

AVICEN'NIA  TOMENTO'SA,  A.  Africa'na 
sen  resini/'era  seu  nit'idn,  Bnn'tia  ger'minans  : 
called  after  Avicenna.  Ord.  Verbenaceae.  The 
plant  which  affords  the  Jfahxc'ca  Bean  or  Aiia- 
car'dium  Orieiifd'/e  of  the  Pharmacopoeias,  i^cnfe- 
car'pKn  Anncar'dium.  The  oil  drawn  from  the 
bark  of  the  fruit  is  a  corrosive  and  active  vesica- 
tory, but  it  is  not  used. 

AVICULA  CIPRIA,  Pastil— a.  Margaritifera, 
see  Pearl. 

AVOry,  Avena. 

AVON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  Avon 
Springs  are  in  the  State  of  New  York,  on  the 
eastern  branch  of  the  Genesee  river,  18  miles 
from  Rochester.  There  are  three  sulphureo-saline 
and  one  iodine  spring.  They  are  applicable  to 
the  same  set  of  cases  as  the  Sharon  Springs. 

AVORTEMENT,  Abortion— a.  Provoqtie,  see 
Parturition. 

AYORTER,  to  Abort. 

AVORTIN,  Abortion, 

AVORTON,  Abortion. 

A  VIJLSIO,  Arrachement. 

AVULSION,  Evulsion. 

AX,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Ax  is  a 
small  town  in  the  department  of  Arriege,  France; 
where  there  are  several  sulphurous  springs,  the 


temperature  of  which  varies  from  77°  to  162°  of 
Fahrenheit. 

^A'^,  Axis— ri.  de  VCEil,  Axis  of  the  eye. 

AX'EA  COMMISSU'RA,  TrocIwV des.  A 
pivot-joint.     See  Trochoid. 

A  X  e  n    K  o  r  p  e  r,  Corpuseula  tactds. 

AXES,  Intermittent,  Paroxysm. 

AXILE  BODIES,  Corpuseula  tactfls. 

AXIL'LA,  Ala,  Aseel'lft,  Asuel'ltt,  Ascifla, 
Accl'la,  Cordis  ennnicto'ritim,  Male,  Hyjio'mia, 
Fo'ccn  axilla'rin,  Mas'chale,  Mas'elialis,  (Sc.  and 
Prov.)  Oxtar,  Oxter,  (F.)  Ainaclle.  The  cavity 
beneath  the  junction  of  the  arm  with  the  shoulder; 
the  armpit ;  (F.)  Crcuxdel'Alnselfe.  It  is  bounded, 
anteriorly,  by  a  portion  of  the  pectoralis  major; 
posteriorly,  by  the  latissimus  dorsi.  It  is  covered 
with  hair,  contains  much  areolar  membrane,  lym- 
phatic ganglions,  important  vessels  and  nerves, 
an<l  numerous  sebaceous  follicles,  furnishing  an 
odorous  secretion.  In  consequence  of  such  secre- 
tion, the  ancients  called  it  evuincto'riitm  cordis. 

AX'ILLARY,  Maschnlim'us,  (F.)  Ax  ilia  ire, 
from  axilla,  'the  armpit.'  Belonging  to  the 
armpit. 

AxiLLAliY  Artery,  Arte'ria  nxilln'ris;  a  con- 
tinuation of  the  subclavian,  extending  from  the 
passage  of  the  latter  between  the  scaleni  muscles 
as  far  as  the  insertion  of  the  pectoralis  major, 
when  it  takes  the  name  of  lirndiial. 

Axillary  Glands  are  lymphatic  glands  seated 
in  the  armpit;  into  which  the  lymphatic  glands 
of  the  upper  extremity  open. 

Axillary  Nervr,  Cir'cumflex  N.,  Scnp'nlo- 
hu'meral  (Ch.),  Nerf  circonflcxe,  Artiv.'ular  nerve; 
arises  from  the  posterior  part  of  the  brachial 
plexus,  particularly  from  the  last  two  cervical 
pairs  and  the  first  dorsal.  It  is  chiefly  distri- 
buted to  the  posterior  margin  of  the  deltoid. 

Axillary  Vein,  Venn  Axilla' ris.  Vena  Sxba- 
la'ris.  This  vein  corresponds  vcith  the  artery; 
anterior  to  which  it  is  situate.  It  is  a  continua- 
tion of  the  hracln(d  veins  ;  and,  at  its  termina- 
tion, assumes  the  name  Suhclnviun. 

AXINE,  Ascia. 

AXIRNACH.  An  Arabic  word,  used  by  Al- 
bucasis  to  designate  a  fatty  tumour  of  the  U|)per 
eyelid,  observed  particularly  in  children. 

AXIS,  Axon,  (F.)  Axe.  A  right  line  which 
passes  through  the  centre  of  a  body. 

Axis,  Cerebro-Spinal,  see  Encephalon  —  a. 
of  the  Cochlea,  Modiolus — a.  Cranio-Spinai,  see 
Encephalon  —  a.  Cylinder  of  Nerve,  see  Nerve 
fibre  —  a.  Coeliac,  Coeliac  artery. 

Axis  op  the  Eye,  (F.)  Axe  de  I'wil,  called 
also,  Vis'ual  Axis  and  Optic  Axis,  is  a  right  line, 
which  falls  perpendicularly  on  the  eye,  and  passes 
through  the  centre  of  the  pupil. 

Axis,  H^mal,  Aorta  — a.  Neural,  see  Ence- 
phalon. 

Axis,  is  also  the  second  vertebra  of  the  neck. 
Axon,  EpistropJi'eiis,  Epts'troplnis,  Maschnrister t 
Ver'tebra  Denta'ta,  (F.)  Essien.  So  called,  be- 
cause it  forms  a  kind  of  axis  on  which  the  head 
moves.  Chaussier  calls  it  Axoule,  from  ufuv, 
'axis,'  and  tccSoj,  'shape.' 

AXLETEETH,  Molar  teeth. 

AXOIDE,  Axis— rt.  Occipitale,  Rectus  capitis 
posticus  major. 

AXOID'O-ATLOTD'EUS.  -What  refers  to  both 
the  axis  and  atlas,  as.4.ro/,/o-«?/o,V/ff,)i  articulation. 

The  lesions  of  the  Axoido-atloidean,  are,  1. 
Fracture  of  the  Proces'sus  Dcnta'tus.  2.  Rujiture 
of  the  odontoid  ligament,  and  consequently  pas- 
sage  and  pressure  of  the  process  behind  the  trans- 
verse ligament :  and,  ?,.  The  simultaneous  rupturo 
of  the  odontoid  and  transverse  ligaments.  These 
different  accidents  are  fatal. 

AXOIDO-ATLOIDIEX,  Obliquus  inferior 
capitis. 


AXON 


111 


BACCIIIA 


AXO^r.  Axis. 

AXONGE,  Adeps  prseparatus. 

AXUN(iE,  Adeps  prtcparatus. 

AXUNGIA,  Pin«,'uod(i— a.  Gadi,  Oleum  Jecoris 
Apclli  — a.  de  Mumia,  Marrow  —  a.  Articuliiris, 
Synovia — a.  Piscina  Marina,  Oleum  Jecoris  Aselli 
— a.  Pnrcina,  Adeps  pracparatus. 

AYPNIA,  Insomnia. 

AZALEA  PROCUMBENS,  Loiseleuria  pro- 
cum  liens. 

AZAKNET,  Orpimcnt. 

AZAKL'M,  A.siirum — a.  Caharet,  Asarum. 

AZEDARACH,  Melia  Azedaraeh. 

AZEDARACHA  AMffiNA,  Melia  Azedarach. 

AZO'IC,  Azn'lvun,  same  etymon  as  Azote.  De- 
void of  life.  The  "Azoic  period"  oi  the  geologist 
is  tliiit  before  any  living  being  appeared. 

AZOODYNA'MIA,  from  a,  priv.,  ^w;?,  'life,' 
and  huvaiiii,  'strength.'  Privation  or  diminution 
of  the  vital  powers. 

AZORES,  CLIMATE  OP.  The  Azores  or 
Western  Islands  are  said  to  afford  one  of  the  best 
examples  of  a  mild,  humid,  eciuable  climate,  to 
be  met  with  in  the  nortliern  hemisphere.  It  is 
slightly  colder  and  moister  than  that  of  Madeira, 
but  even  more  ecjuable.  Sir  James  Clark  thinks, 
that  a  change  from  the  Azores  to  Madeira,  and 
thence  to  TeneriHe — ^one  of  the  Canaries — would 
prove  more  beneficial  to  the  phthisical  valetudi- 
narian than  a  residence  during  the  whole  winter 
in  any  one  of  those  islands. 

AZOTAS  IIYDRARGYRTCUS  LIQUIDUS, 
pec  llydrargyri  nitras — a.  Ilydrargyroso — ammo- 
nicus,  see  llydrargyri  oxydum  cincreiim  —  a. 
Hydrargyrosus,  Hydrargri  nitras — a.  Potassicus, 
Potassit;  nitras. 

AZOTATE,  Nitrate  —  a.  d'Ai-fjent,  Argcnti 
rifras — a.  de  Mcrcure,  llydrargyri  nitras — <u  de 
J/ercure  et  d'nmmoniaqiie,  see  llydrargyri  oxy- 
dum cinereum  —  a.  de  P/omb,  Plumbi  nitras  —  a. 
de  Potdnne,  Potassaj  nitras. 

A'ZOTE,  Azo'tiini,  hom  a,  priv.,  and  ^wr/,  'life.' 
N^i'ti'of/eii,  Alcaliijene,  Gus  azo'tivuiii,  Kitro- 
(jen'iuiii,  Sejyton,  (F.)  Azote,  A^itroi/cnc,  Mofctte, 
Air  f/at4,  Air  viciS,  is  a  gas  which  is  unfit  for  re- 
spiration. It  is  not  positively  deleterious,  but 
proves  fatal  owing  to  the  want  of  oxygen.  It  is 
one  of  the  constituents  of  atmospheric  air,  and  a 
distinguishing  principle  of  animals.  Vegetables 
have  it  not  generally  diffused,  whilst,  it  is  met 
with  in  most  animal  substances.  It  has  been 
variously  called,  plilof/istic  air,  initiated  air,  &c.  ; 
lias  been  looked  upon  as  sedative,  and  recom- 
mendeil  to  be  respired,  when  properly  diluted,  iu 
diseases  of  the  chest. 


Azote,  PnoToxmE  of,  Nitrogen,  gaseous  ox- 
ide of. 

AZOTE,  Nitrogenized. 

AZOTED,  Nitrogenized. 

AZOTE NESES,  from  azoic,  and  voaoq,  'dig- 
ease.'  Diseases  fancied  to  be  occasion  .i  by  the 
predominance  of  azote  in  the  body.— Baumes. 

AZOTIC  ACID,  Nitric  acid. 

AZOTIZED.  Nitrogenized. 

AZOTURIA,  see  Urine. 

AZTEC  CHILDREN,  see  Nanus. 

AZUR,  Coral,  Smalt. 

AZU'RIUM.  A  compound  of  two  parts  of 
mercury,  one-third  of  sulphur,  and  one-fourth  of 
sal  ammoniac. — Albertus  Magnus. 

AZ'\GES,  Az'i/f/os,  Az'yyoHS,  sine  ptiri,  from 
a,  priv.,  and  ^uyof,  'equal.'  Unequal.  The 
iphenoid  bone,  because  it  has  no  fellow.  Also,  a 
process,  Proceii'tiis  Az'i/yes,  Pontnim  uplieiioida'le, 
projecting  from  under  the  middle  and  forepart 
of  this  bone. 

AZYGOS  GANGLION,  see  Trisplanchnie 
Nerve. 

AZYGOUS  ARTICULAR  ARTERY^  see  Ar- 
ticular arteries  of  the  skull. 

AzYGoiis  Mi'scr,i:,^2_i/7()«  IJ'vaJa,  is  the  small 
muscle  which  occupies  tiie  sul)Stance  of  the  uvula. 
—  Morgagni.  The  name  is,  however,  inappro- 
priate, as  there  are  two  distinct  fasciculi,  placed 
along-side  each  other,  f(jrming  the  P<il'ato-8ta- 
plii//i'iii.  Staphyli'iii  or  EpintuphijU'iii  muscles, 
Sliiplii/li'ui  me'dii  of  '\Vin^low. 

AZYGOIIS      PUOCKSS,      OF      TIIE      SlMIEXOID,     SCO 

Azyges. 

AzYGOnS  Vein,  Vena  Azi/r/os,  Veine  Prilombo- 
thoracique — (Ch.),  Vena  nine  j'ci,  Vena  pari 
carenn,  (F.)  Veinc  sani  Paire.  This  vein  was  so 
called  by  Galen.  It  forms  a  communication  be- 
tween the  V.  cava  inferior  and  V.  cava  nnperior, 
permitting  the  blood  to  pa.-is  freely  between  the 
two.  It  rises  from  the  vena  cava  inferior,  or 
from  one  of  the  lumbar  or  renal  veins,  passes 
through  the  diajihragm,  ascends  along  the  spino 
to  the  right  of  the  aorta  and  thoracic  duet,  and 
opens  into  the  V.  cava  superior,  where  it  pene- 
trates the  pericardium.  On  the  left  side,  the 
SEMI-Az'ygos,  Left  bron'chial  or  left  snperior  iu- 
tercon'tal  rein,  ]^cna  demi-azipjon,  V.  henii-az'i/ga, 
Veine petite prelonibd-tlioraciqne — (Ch.),  presents, 
in  miniature,  nearlv  the  siime  arrangement. 

AZYMIA  HUMORUxM,  Crudity  of  Vhe  hu- 
mours. 

AZ'YMUS,  from  a,  priv.,  and  ^i'/i>/,  'leaven.' 
Azy  nious  bread  is  unfermented,  unleavened  bread. 
— Galen. 

AZZLE-TEETH,  Molar  teeth. 


B. 


BATiEURnE.  Buttermilk. 

BA  niL  LEMEM T,  Loquac  ity. 

BABUZICARIUS,  Incubus. 

BABY.  Infans. 

BAC'-VRIS,  Bach'arin.  A  name  given  by  the 
ancients  to  an  ointment,  described  by  Galen 
under  the  name  Ointment  of  Lydia.  It  was 
sometimes  employed  in  diseases  of  the  womb. — 
Hippocrates. 

BACC.E  BERMUDENSES,  Sapindus  sapo- 
naria — b.  seu  (irana  actes.  see  Sambucus  ebulus 

b.  Jujubiv.  Jujube — b.  Jlyrtillorum.  see  Vacoi- 

uium  niyrtillus  —  b.  Norlaudica;,  Rubus  arcticus 


— b.  Piperis  Glabri,  see  Piper  Cubeba — b.  Pisca- 
toriae,  see  Menispermum  eocculus  —  b.  Zizyphi, 
see  Jujube. 

BACCAR,  Bac'carin,  Bnc'charix.  An  herb 
used  by  the  ancients  in  their  garlands,  to  destroy 
enchantment.  Perhaps,  the  Diijilalis  jjvrjturen. 
Some  authors  have  erroneously  thought  it  to  be 
the  Axarnm. 

BACCHARIS.  Baccar. 

B.vc'ciIAms  Hai-tmifo'lia,  Gronndneltree  ;  Or- 
der, Composita3 ;  indigenous;  is  used  as  a  demul- 
cent to  allay  cough,  in  the  form  of  decoction. 

BACCHI'A,  from  Bacchus,  'the  god  of  wiue.' 


BACCniCA 


112 


BALANORRHAGIA 


A  name  applied  to  the  red  or  pimpled  face  of  the 
drunkiird.     See  Gutta  rosea. 

BACCHICA.  Hcdera  helix. 

BACCIV'OKOUS,  nacciv'onis,  (F.)  Bacchorc, 
from  bacca,  '  a  berry,'  aud  coro,  '  I  devour.'  Liv- 
ing on  berries. 

BACIIARIS,  Biicaris. 

BACHELOR'S  BUTTONS,  see  Strychnos  nux 
vomii'ii. 

BA CHER'S  TOXIC  PILLS,  Pilul®  ex  Helle- 
boro  et  Myrrha. 

BACILE,  Crithraum  maritimum. 

BACILLAR  LAYER  OP  THE  RETINA, 
Tunica  .Jacobi. 

BACIL'LUM,  BadUus,  Bac'iilim,  Bac'cnlus: 
'a  stick.'  This  name  has  been  applied  to  a  kind 
of  troch,  composed  of  expectorants,  and  having 
the  shape  of  a  stick.  Also,  a  suppository.  Bncil- 
lum  was  used  by  the  ancient  chemists  for  several 
instruments  of  iron. 

BACK,  Dorsum.   ♦ 

BACK-ACH  ROOT,  Liatris. 

BACKBONE,  Vertebral  column. 

BACKSIDE,  Nates. 

BACKSPHKNT,  Vei-tebral  column. 

BACKSTROKE  OF  THE  HEART,  Impulse, 
diastolic. 

BACOBOTRYS  PICTA,  Saoria. 

BACOVE,  Musa  sapientum. 

BACTYRILOBIUM  FISTULA,  Cassia  fistula. 

BACULUS,  Bacillum. 

BAD,  Sick. 

BADEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Baden 
is  a  town  six  miles  from  Vienna,  Here  are  12 
springs,  containing  carbonates  of  lime  and  mag- 
neisa;  sulphates  of  lime,  and  magnesia,  and 
soda;  and  chlorides  of  sodium  and  aluminum. 
The  water  is  used  in  diseases  of  the  skin,  rheu- 
matism, &c. 

There  are  two  other  towns  of  the  same  name ; 
one  in  Suabia,  and  the  other  in  Switzerland, 
about  12  miles  from  Ziirich,  where  are  mineral 
springs.  The  waters  of  the  last  two  are  thermal 
suliihureous. 

BADEN-BADEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Celebrated  thermal  springs,  situate  about  a  league 
from  the  high  road  to  Basle  and  Frankfort.  Their 
temperature  varies  from  1.30°  to  154°  Fahrenheit. 
Their  situation  is  beautiful,  and  they  are  much 
frequented. 

BADENWEILER,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
B.  is  in  Baden,  about  a  league  to  the  westward 
of  Miillheim.  The  waters  are  thermal  (87°  of 
Fahr.),  and  contain  carbonate  of  lime,  sulphuret 
and  chloride  of  calcium,  and  chloride  of  magne- 
sium. 

BADER,  Bather. 

BADIAGA.  A  kind  of  sponge,  sold  in  Russia, 
the  powder  of  which  is  said  to  take  away  the  livid 
marks  from  blows  and  bruises  in  a  fev?  hours. 
Its  nature  is  not  understood. 

BADIANE,  Illicium  anisatum. 
BADJSIS,  Walking. 
BADLY,  Sick. 

r>ADUKKA.  Capparis  badukka. 
BAG,    DUSTING,    see    Dusting-bag —  b.    of 
Waters,  see  Liquor  Amnii. 
BAGEDIA,  Pound. 
BAGGIE,  Abdomen. 

BAGNERES-ADOUR,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Bagneres-Adour  is  a  small  town  in  the  de- 
partment of  HantM  Pyrenees,  having  a  great 
number  of  mineral  springs  ;  some,  cold  chaly- 
beates  ;  others,  thermal  salines  j  but  the  greatest 
part  sulphureous  and  warm. 

BAGNERES  DU  LUCHOISr  is  a  small  town 
in  the  dep.'irtment  of  Hante  Garonne,  on  the 
frontiers  of  Spain.     It  has  been  for  a  long  time 


famou<!  for  its  numerous  sulphureous  springs, 
the  temperature  of  which  is  from  09°  to  148°  of 
Fahrenheit.  . 

BAGNIGGE  WELLS.  A  salino  mineral  sprmg 
of  London,  resembling  the  Epsom. 
BAGNIO,   B<ii;/no!rc. 

BAGNOLES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Biignoles  is  a  village  in  the  department  of  Ornc. 
The  water  resembles  that  of  Bur/neren  dr  Luchon, 
BAGNOLS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Bag- 
nols  is  a  village,  two  leagues  from  Mendo,  in  the  ' 
departniemt  of  Lozere.  The  waters  are  hydro- 
sulphurous  and  thermal:  109°  Fahrenheit. 
BAGOAS,  Castratus. 

BAOUENAUDIER,  Colutea  arboresccns. 
BAHA'MA  ISLANDS,  CLIMATE  OF.  The 
climate  of  the  Bahamas  is  not  considered  to  bo 
well  adapted  for  consumptive  patients,  on  ac- 
count of  the  rapid  alternations  of  temperature, 
and  the  prevalence  of  winds,  often  of  a  dry,  cold 
character.  Still,  the  phthisical  valetudinarians 
from  most  portions  of  the  United  States  might 
derive  advantage  from  a  residence  there  during 
the  winter  months.  The  accommodations  are 
not,  however,  good,  or  numerous. 

BAHEL,    Cdlum'nea   loiujifo'lio.      A   labiatcd 
plant  of  Malabar,  whose  leaves,  bruised,  are  ap- 
plied as  cataplasms  to  suppurating  tumours. 
Bahel  Schulli,  Genista  spinosa  Indica. 
BAIGNEUB,  Bather. 

BAIGNOIRE,  (F.)  Bap'iate'riwn,  a  Balliivrj 
tub,  Bugnio,  So'litim,  Placi'na.  The  vessel  or 
place  in  which  bathing  is  performed.  Bttii/nairc 
nctdnire,  an  eye-bath, — a  small  vessel  for  bathing 
the  eyes.     See  Scaphium  oculare. 

BAILEY'S  SPRING,  see  Alabama,  Mineral 
Waters  of. 

BAILLEMENT,  Yawning. 
BAILLON,  Speculum  oris. 
BAIN,  Bath  — &.  Chaud,  Bath,  hot— &.  Eke- 
fn'qne,  Bath,  electric,  see  Electricity  —  b.  Entier, 
Bath,    general — b.  de  Fanteuil,  Bath,  hip  —  h. 
Frais,  Bath,  tepid— 6.  Froid,  Bath,  cold—?*.  Hij- 
(jienique,  see   Bath — b.  Mnrie,  Bath,  water  —  h. 
Jlledicinnl,   Bath,    medicated  —  b.  de  Jller,  Bath, 
sea  — i.  de  Pied,  Bath,  foot,  Pediluvium  —  b.  de 
Sable,  Bath,   san'd  —  b.  de  Sieye,  Bath,  hip  —  /). 
Simjile,  see  Bath  —  h.  Tempere,  Bath,  tepid,  B. 
Temperate  —  b.  de   'fete,  Bath,  head  —  b.  Tilde, 
Bath,   tepid  —  b.   T res  froid,  Bath,  cold  —  h.  de 
Vapeiir,  Bath,  vapour. 
BAINE,  Bath. 

BAINS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
are  situated  at  Plombieres,  department  of  the 
Vosges.  They  are  said  to  be  saline  and  thermal 
by  some;  others  deny  them  any  medical  pro- 
perties. 

BAIRN.  Infans. 
BAIRNWORTS,  Bcllis. 
BALAMPULLI.  Tamarindus. 
BALANCE.  AEROSTATIC,  Areometer. 
BAL'ANCEMENT,   Gomponsa'tlon.   from  (F.) 
balance,  'a  balance,'  itself  from   bin,  'twice,'  and 
lanx,  'a  dish.'     A  law  of  teratogeny,  as- main- 
tained by  GeofFroy  St.  Hilaire,  by  which  exube- 
rance of  nutrition   in  one  organ  is  supposed  to 
involve,  to  a  greater  or  less  extent,  the  total  or 
partial  atrophy  of  some  other,  aud  conversely. 
BALANDA,  Facus  Sylvatica. 
BALANEUM,  Bath. 
BALANISMUS,  Suppository. 
BALANITE  CONTAGIEUSE,    see    Gonor- 
rhoea. 

BALANITIS,  Gonorrhoea  spuria. 

B  ALAN  OBLENNORRHCEA,  Gonorrhoea 
spuria. 

BALANOCASTANUM,    Bunium   Bulbocasta- 
num. 

BALANORRUAGIA,  see  Gonorrhea. 


BALANORRIKEA 


113 


BALSAM 


BALANORRIKEA,  Gonorrhoea  spuria. 

BALANOS    PIKKNICOS,  Dale. 

BA'LAN'L'8,  (iuXavo?,  'glans,'  'an  acorn.'  The 
glaus  nonis.  Hence,  liulmioldennorrh'e' a,  Blen- 
norrhiuii  of  the  ghins  ;  and  BalanvttH,  Inflainma- 
tiiin  of  the  {;hui8.  Suppositories  and  pessaries 
were  called  liid'ani. 

B.u,  \Ni;s,  Glans,  Suppository — b.  Myrepsica, 
Guilaiidliia  nioringa. 

BALARUC,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Ba- 
laruc  is  a  town  in  the  depiirtuient  of  Ilerault, 
in  France.  The  waters  are  saline  and  thermal. 
They  contain  carbonic  acid,  carbonate  of  lime, 
carbonate  of  magnesia,  chlorides  of  sodium,  cal- 
cium, and  nia;;ne.sium,  sulphate  of  lime,  and  a 
little  iron.  They  are  considered  tonic,  and  are 
largely  used.  Their  temperature  is  about  118° 
Fahrenheit. 

Balaiiuc  Water,  FACTiT"tous,  (F.)  Emi  de 
JJalnnic ;  Ar/mi  Jlellilncu'iia  is  made  of  simple 
acidu/onn  water  (containing  twice  its  hulk  of  car- 
bonic acid)  i'^\xss;  chloride  of  sodium,  3'''''; 
chloride  of  culciiim,  gr.  xviij  ;  chloride  of  mag- 
nesium, gr.  Ivi;  carbonate  of  majnesia,  gr.  j. 

BALATKO,  Bambalio. 

BALAUSTINE  FLOWERS,  see  Punica  gra- 
natum. 

BALBIS,  (3uA/?if,  'a  foundation.'  Any  oblong 
cavity. — Galen,  lliiipocrates,  in  his  treatise  on 
the  joints,  gives  the  name  Itulbito'dea  to  the  ole- 
cranon cavity  of  the  humerus. 

BALIUIS.  (F.)  /%i(e.  One  habitually  affected 
with  stiiinmci'ing.     A  stammerer. 

JiA  L II I  ■  TIKMENT,  Balbuties. 

BALBU'TLES,  Psellis'mns,  Psel'lotes,  Bla:'- 
titas,  Jhtri/tj/os'sin,  JDijsla'lia,  3fo(jila'lia,  Ischo- 
pho'nia,  liattaris'mus,  Bamha'lia,  IIcBsita'tio, 
Loque'ld  hlat'iin,  Tituba'tio  Linijua,  (F.)  Jialbu- 
tiemcnl,  Jlnjaicmeitt,  Iihjo\)ime»t,  Stuttering, 
Stammering,  Hammering,  (Prov.)  Tntt'erimj, 
St,  Viliis's  Dituce  of  the  Voice,  (Sc. )  Hab'beriiuj, 
ffdbbliiii/.  Also,  vicious  and  incomplete  pronun- 
ciation, in  which  almost  all  the  consonants  are 
replaced  hy  the  letters  B  and  Lj    Traidis'miis. 

BALCllUS,  Bdellium. 

BALU,  Athri.x. 

BALDMONEY,  TEthusa  meum. 

BALDNESS,  Alopecia,  Calvities — b.  Limited, 
Porrigo  (localvans — b.  Partial,  Porrigo  decalvans. 

B.\l>ENAS,  Leviathan  penis. 

BALIMBA(50.  Hibiscus  populous. 

BALINEATOR,  Bather. 

BALINEUM,  Bath. 

BALL,  I'ihi— b.  of  the  Eye,  Pupil. 

BALLISMUS,  Chorea. 

BALLI8TA,  Astragalus. 

BALLOClv-GRASS,  Orchis  mascula. 

BALLON.  Receiver. 

BA L L OXSKMKNT,  Tympanites. 

BALLO'TA  FOi'TIDA,  B.  vuhja'ris  seu  nigra, 
Marru'bitiin  iiii/nim,  Black  Horehouwd,  Stinking 
H.,  (F.)  Jlarnibe  noir.  Ord.  Labiatae.  Sex. 
Syst.  Didynaniia  Gymnospermia.  This  plant  is 
esteemed  to  be  antispasmodic,  resolvent,  and 
detersive.  (?) 

Ballota  Lana'ta,  Leonu'rus  lana'tus,  (F.) 
Ballote  cotnnnense.  A  plant  which  grows  in 
Siberia.  The  whole  plant,  with  the  exception  of 
the  root,  has  been  recommended  in  dropsy,  and 
in  rheumatism  and  gout,  as  a  diuretic.  It  is 
u.sually  given  iu  decoction  (5ss  to  ^j  to  f5viij 
of  water). 

BALLOTE  COTOXXEUSE,  Ballota  lanata. 

BALLOTTEMEXr,  (F.)  Mouvcncnt  de  Bal- 
lottenteut,  Agita'tion,  SuccnsSiion,  Jieperciis'sion, 
means  the  motion  impressed  on  the  foetus  in 
utero,  by  alternately  pressing  the  uterus  by 
means  of  the  index  finger  of  one  hand  intro- 
duced into  the  vagina;    the  other  hand  being 


applied  on  the  abdomen.  It  is  one  of  the  least 
ecjuivocal  signs  of  pregnancy. 

BALLS,  DEER,  Elaphomyces  granulatus. 

BALLSTON  SPA.  This  village  is  situate  in 
Saratoga  County,  New  York.  The  spring  Sans 
Souci  belongs  to  the  class  of  Acidulous  Chaly- 
beates.  It  contains  iodide  of  sodium.  There  is 
also  a  sulphur  spring. 

BAL.M,  Melissa  —  b.  Apple,  Momordica  bal- 
samina — b.  Bastard,  Melifis  Melissophylluin — b. 
of  Gilcad,  Solomon's,  see  Tinctura  cardauiomi — 
b.  of  Gilead,  Poplar,  Populus  candicans — b.  of 
Gilead  tree,  Dracocephalum  Canariense — b.  In- 
dian, Trillium  latifolium — b.  Mountain,  Monarda 
coceinea — b.  Red,  Monarda  eoccine.a — b.  Scarlet 
rose,  Monarda  coceinea — b.  Stinking,  Hedeoma. 

BALMONY,  Chelone  glabra. 

BALNEA  CCENOSA,  Bone  dcs  eatix. 

BALNEARIUM,  Hypocaustum. 

BALNEARIUS,  Bather. 

BALNEATOR,  Bather. 

BALNEOG'RAPHY,  Balneograph'ia,  from 
Pa'Xavuov,  'a  bath,'  and  ■yi><'(pvt  'a  description.' 
A  description  of  baths. 

BALNEOL'OGY,  Bahicolng"ia,  from  0a\a. 
vtiov,  'a  bath,'  and  Aoyoj,  'a  description.'  A 
treatise  on  baths. 

BALNEOTHERAPI'A,  from  BaUrtiov,  ' a 
bath,'  and  OtpnTrtia,  'treatment.'  Treatment  oi 
disease  by  baths. 

BALNEUM,  Bath— b.  Acidum,  Bath,  acid  — 
b.  Alkalinum,  Bath,  alkaline — b.  Aniniale,  Bath, 
animal  —  b.  Antipsoricum,  Bath,  antipsoric — b. 
Anti-sypiiiliticum,  Bath,  antisy]>hilitic — b.  Are- 
na), Bath,  sand — b.  Gclatinosum,  Bath,  gelatinous 
— b.  Maria',  Bath,  water — b.  Marinum,  Bath,  sea 
— b.  Maris,  Bath,  water — b.  Medicatum,  Bath, 
medicated — b.  Sulphuris,  Bath,  sulphur. 

BALSAM,  JSal'samum,  Barsamiin,  Bol'esnn, 
Bel'eson,  (F. )  B<nime.  This  name  is  given  to 
natural  vegetable  substances,  concrete  or  liquid, 
but  very  odorous,  bitter,  and  piquant:  composed 
of  resin,  benzoic  acid,  and  sometimes  of  an  es- 
sential oil — which  allow  benzoic  acid  to  be  dis- 
engaged l^y  the  action  of  heat;  readily  dissolved 
in  volatile  oil,  alcohol,  and  ether;  and,  when 
treated  with  alkalies,  afford  a  soluble  benzoate, 
and  throw  down  resin.  We  know  of  only  five 
balsams — those  of  Peru,  and  Tolu,  Benzoin,  s<did 
Styrax  or  Storax,  and  liquid  Styrax.  (See  those 
different  words.)  There  are,  however,  many  phar- 
maceutical preparations  and  resinous  substances, 
possessed  of  a  balsamic  smell,  to  which  the  name 
baham  has  been  given  ;  but  they  differ  essentially 
in  composition  and  jiroperties :  hence  the  dis- 
tinction of  balsams  into  natural  and  artificial. 
The  natural  balsams  include  the  five  before  men- 
tioned ;  the  artificial  the  remainder. 

Balsam,  Acots'tic,  Bal'samum  Amns'ticum, 
(F.)  Baiime  acoustique.  A  mixture  of  fixed  and 
essential  oils,  sulphur,  and  tinctures  of  fetid 
gums.  Used  in  eases  of  atonic  deafness,  dropped 
into  the  ear.  The  acoustic  baham  of  Dr.  Hugh 
Smith  is  made  by  mixing  three  drachms  of  ox- 
gall, with  one  drachm  of  balsam  of  Peru. 

Balsam,  American,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum 
— b.  Anodyne,  Bates's,  Linimentum  saponis  et 
opii. 

Balsam,  Apoplec'tic,  Bal'samum  Apoplec'ti- 
cum,  Bal'samus  Apoplec'ticus,  (F.)  Baume  Apo- 
plectique.  A  medicine  composed  of  several  bal- 
sams properly  so  called,  resins,  and  volatile  oils. 
It  is  of  a  stiff  consistence,  is  Worn  in  ivory 
boxes  about  the  person,  and  is  smelled  at  in 
headaches,  Ac. 

Balsam  Apple,  Momordica  balsamina. 

Balsam  op  Ai(C(e'us,  Bal'samum  Arccei,  Un- 
guen'tum  El'etni,  (F.)  Baume  d'Arcoeiis.  A  soft 
ointment;    sometimes  employed   iu  wounds,  ul- 


BALSAM 


114 


BALSAM 


cers,  (fee.  It  is  made  by  melting,  with  a  gentle 
heat,  two  parts  of  mutton  suet,  one  of  lard,  one 
and  a  half  of  turpentine,  and  as  much  resin. 

B  A  I.SAM,  Calaba,  see  Fugara  octandra. 

Balsam,  Canada,  see  Pinus  balsamea — b.  Ca- 
nary, Dracocephalum  Canariense  —  b.  Capivi, 
Copaiba. 

Balsam  of  CARPA'TniA,  B.  Cdrpa'tJn'nn,  BctV- 
snmuiii  Uiirpnth'icum,  (F.)  Bdiniie  de  Curpatlile. 
The  resin  of  the  Piiiun  Ceinbra,  a  tree,  which 
grows  in  Switz.erland,  Libya,  and  the  Krapae 
mountains  in  Hungary. 

Balsam,  Ciialy'bkatk,  BaJ'scimiim  Chah/hea'- 
tinii,  (F.)  Bimnie  d'acier  ou  d'ai{/i()lles.  A  mix- 
ture of  nitrate  of  iron,  alcohol,  and  oil,  prepared 
by  dissolving  needles  in  nitric  acid.  It  was  for- 
merly employed  in  friction  in  pains  of  the 
joints. 

Balsam,  Commander's,  Tincturabenzoini  cora- 
posita — b.  for  Cuts,  Tinctura  benz.oini  coniposita. 

Balsam,  Cor'dial,  op  Sennkr'tus,  B<d'sa)i\iirn 
Cordia'le  Seinier'ti,  (F.)  Bniune  curdiale  de  Scn- 
ftert.  A  stimulant  medicine,  composed  of  the 
essential  oils  of  citron,  cloves,  and  cinnamon,  of 
musk,  and  ambergris.     Dose,  6  to  15  drops. 

Balsam  of  Fikuabras.  A  celebrated  Spanish 
vulnerary  balsam,  mentioned  by  Cervantes  ;  the 
composition  of  which  was  oil,  rosemary,  salt,  and 
■wine.  (?) 

Balsam,  Spiu'itiioiis,  of  Fioraventi,  Bal'- 
samum  Fioraceii'ti  spiritiw'sum,  (F.)  Bauiiie  <le 
Fiord venti  spiritueiix.  Different  products  of  the 
distillation  of  resinous  and  balsamic  substances, 
and  of  a  number  of  aromatic  substances,  pre- 
viously macerated  in  alcohol,  have  been  thus 
called.  The  Spirituous  Balsam  of  Fioraventi, 
the  only  one  now  used  in  friction,  in  chronic 
rheumatism,  is  the  first  product  of  the  distillation 
from  a  sand-bath.  It  is  entirely  alcoholic.  The 
OiI)j  B(dsfiiii  of  Fioraventi  is  obtained  by  re- 
moving the  residue,  and  distilling  it  in  an  iron 
vessel,  at  a  white  heat.  It  has  the  appearance 
of  a  citrine-coloured  oil.  The  Black  Balsam  of 
Fioraventi  is  the  black  oil,  obtained  when  the 
temperature  is  sufficient  to  carbonize  the  sub- 
stances in  the  cucurbit. 

Balsam  of  Fir,  see  Pinus  balsamea. 

Balsam  of  Fourcroy  or  of  Labordk,  (F.) 
Baume  de  Foitrcroy  ou  de  Lahorde.  A  kind  of 
liniment  composed  of  aromatic  plants,  balsams, 
resins,  aloes,  turpentine,  theriac,  and  olive  oil. 
Used  in  chaps  of  the  skin  and  nipples. 

Balsam,  Friar's,  Tinctura  benzoini  composita. 

Balsam  of  Genevieve,  (F.)  Baume  de  Gene- 
vieve. An  ointment  composed  of  wax,  turpen- 
tine, oil,  red  saunders,  and  camphor.  Used  in 
contused  wounds,  gangrene.  <fee. 

Balsam  op  Honey  (Hill's).  A  tincture  made 
of  tola,  hone//  (aa  Ibj)  and  spirit  (a  gallon).  A 
pectoral,  used  in  coughs.  The  committee  of  tlie 
New  York  College  of  Pharmacy  recommend  the 
following  formula —(6'»m  Benzoin,  ^v,  Bals. 
Tolut.  f^\.  Mellis  gviij,  Aloohol.  Oiij— 'digest  for 
10  days  and  filter).  See  Mel. 

Balsam  of  IIorehound  (Ford's).  A  tincture 
of  horehound,  liquorice-root,  camphor,  opium, 
benzoin,  dried  squills,  oil  of  aniseed,  and  honey. 
It  h:is  the  same  properties  as  the  above.  See 
Marrubium. 

Balsam.  Hungarian,  see  Pinus  mnghos. 

Bausam,  Hypxot'ic,  BaVsamum  Hi/pnot' ieum, 
(F.)  Banme  Hiipnntique.  A  preparation  of  which 
opmtn,  hyoscyamus,  camphor,  and  some  other 
sedative  substances,  form  the  basis.  It  is  used 
externally  in  friction,  to  provoke  sleep. 

Balsam,  Hystrr'ic,  BaCsamum  Hyster'icum. 
(F_.)  Baume  Hi/sterique.  A  preparation  made  of 
opium,  aloes,  asafoetida,  castor,  distilled  oils  of 
rue,  amber,  &c.     It  is  held  to  the  nose,  applied 


to  the  navel,  or  rubbed  on  the  hypogastrium  in 
hysterical  cases. 

Balsam,  Indian,  see  Myroxylon  peruiferum. 

Balsam,  Iod'i'RETted,  Bal'snmum  iodnrci'um, 
(F.)  Banme  hi/driodate,  B.  iodurf,  Gclee  coiitre 
le  (/ottre.  A  balsam  used  in  the  way  of  friction, 
in  goftre,  at  Lausanne,  in  Switzerland.  It  may 
be  made  as  follows — animal  soap,  00;  iodide  «/ 
potassium,  42  ;  alcohol  lit  85°,  500  ;  essence  of 
lemon,  4  parts.  The  iodide  is  dissolved  in  tlie 
alcohol,  which  is  added  to  the  soap  melted  in  a 
water-bath.  The  whole  is  then  filtered,  and  put 
into  bottles. 

Balsam  op  Leictoure,  of  Condom  or  Vince- 
GTTEUE,  Bal'samum  Lectoren'se.  A  strongly  sti- 
mulant and  aromatic  mixture  of  camphor,  saffron 
nuisk,  and  ambergris,  dissolved  in  essential  oils. 
The  ancients  burnt  it  for  the  purpose  of  purifying 
the  air  of  a  chamber,  when  infected  with  a  dis- 
agreeable odour. 

Balsam  op  Life  of  Hopf'mann,  Bal'snmum 
Vitcp,  Jlojfmau'ni,  (F.)  Baume  de  Vie  d'llnffmnnw, 
A  tincture,  composed  of  essential  oils  and  amber- 
gris, enjplo.yed  internally  and  externally  as  a 
stimulant.  A  mixture  of  essential  oils  without 
alcohol  constitutes  the  Saxon  Balsam,  Bal'samum 
apoplcc'ticum,  B.  aromat' icum.  B.  ccpJitd'ivnm,  B, 
Saxoii'icnm,  B.  nervi'num,  B.  ScHEliZERl,  B.  Sto- 
mach'icum.    Employed  in  friction  as  a  stimulant. 

Balsam  op  Life,  Decoetuin  aloes  compositum 
— b.  of  Life,  Turlington's,  see  Tinctura  benzoini 
composita. 

Balsam  op  Locatel'li  or  Lttcatel'li,  Bal'- 
samum Lueatel'li,  (F.)  Baume  de  Lucatel.  A  sort 
of  ointment,  composed  of  wax,  oil,  turpentine, 
sherry,  and  balsam  of  Peru,  coloured  with  red 
saunders.  It  was  once  administered  in  pulmo- 
nary consumption. 

Balsam  of  Mecca,  see  Amyris  opobalsamum 
—  b.  Mexican,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum  — b. 
Natural,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum. 

Balsam,  Green,  op  Mktz,  Bal'samum  Vir'ide 
Mcten'sium,  B.  Vir'ide,  (F.)  Banme  vert  de  Metz, 
Baume  de  Fenillct,  JInile  verte,  O'leum  o.r'i/r/j 
cupri  vir'ide.  This  is  composed  of  several  fi.\c(l 
oils,  holding,  in  solution,  subcarbonate  of  copper, 
sulphate  of  zinc,  turpentine,  aloes,  and  the  es- 
sential oils  of  cloves  and  juniper.  It  is  green 
and  caustic,  and  is  employed  to  hasten  the  cica- 
trization of  atonic  ulcers. 

Balsam,  Nkphrit'ic,  op  Fuller,  Bal'sumnm 
Nephril'icum  Fulleri.  A  liquid  medicine,  com- 
posed of  oils,  resins,  and  balsams,  which  have 
experienced  an  incipient  state  of  carbonization 
from  concentrated  sulphuric  acid.  It  was  f;iven 
in  the  dose  of  15  to  30  drops  in  certain  affections 
of  the  kidneys. 

Balsam,  Nervoi:s,  Bal'saynum  Nervi'nnm, 
(F. )  Banme  ncrvin  ou  nerval.  A  kind  of  oint- 
ment, composed  of  fatty  bodies,  volatile  oils, 
balsam  of  Peru,  camphor,  Ac.  It  is  employed 
in  friction  in  cases  of  sprains  and  rheumatic 
pains. 

Balsam,  Paralyt'io,  op  Mynsiciit.  A  sort 
of  liniment  or  soft  mixture  of  the  essential  oils 
of  different  aromatic  plants,  oils  of  turpentine 
and  amber. — Lomery. 

Balsam  of  Parei'ra  rrava,  Bal'samum  Pn- 
rei'rcp.  brarcp..  A  soft  mixture  of  balsam,  resin, 
muriate  of  ammonia,  and  powder  of  the  root  of 
Pareira  brnvn.  It  is  given  internally,  to  excite 
the  urinary  secretion. 

Balsam,  Peruvian,  see  Myroxylon  Peruife- 
rum—b.  of  Peru,  red,  see  Tohlifera  bnlsamum- 
b.  of  Peru,  white,  see  Myroxvlon  Peruiferum. 

Balsam  OF  Rackasi'ra  or  of  Rak.vsi'ri.  Thia 
.substance  is  of  a  yellowish-brown  colour;  semi- 
transparent;  fragile,  when  dry,  but  softenin?  by 
heat;  adhering  to  the  teeth,  when  chewed.    U 


BALSAMADENDRON 


115 


BAMBOO 


has  a  smell  similar  to  that  of  the  Balsam  of  Tolu, 
and  is  slightly  bitter.  It  is  brought  from  India 
in  gourd  shells,  and  has  been  employed  in  dis- 
eases of  the  urinary  and  genital  organs,  especially 
in  gonorrhoea. 

Balsam,  Riga.  Prepared  from  the  shoots  of 
the  Scotch  Fir,  macerated  in  spirit  of  wine.  In- 
terualli/,  stimulant  and  diuretic;  exteriiaUy,  a 
vulnerary.     Sec  Pinus  Cembra. 

Balsam  oi'  Satiiiin,  Ihil'samum  Sntur'ni.  A 
solution  of  acetate  of  lead  in  spirit  of  turpentine, 
concentrated  by  evaporation  ;  to  which  camphor 
has  been  added.  This  balsam  was  applied  to 
hii.'ten  the  cicntrization  of  wounds. 

Balsam  of  tub  Samar'itan,  (F.)  Bnvme  du 
Sdiiiiin'tain.  A  sort  of  liniment,  prepared  by 
boiling  together,  at  a  gentle  heat,  equal  parts  of 
wine  and  oil.  It  is  said  to  have  been  the  oint- 
ment used  by  the  Samaritan  of  the  Gospel  to 
cure  a  patient  covered  with  ulcers. 

Balsam,  Saxox,  Balsam  of  Life  of  Hoffmann. 

Balsam  op  Sulphur,  lial'sKmum  Snl'phnrls, 
(F.)  Ihtnme  de  Sou/re.  A  solution  of  suljjhur  in 
oil. —  fi.  sulph.  aniHn'tiim,  (F.)  11.  de  Son/re  anise. 
A  solution  of  sulphur  in  essential  oil  of  aniseed; 
given  as  a  carminative.  —  B.  Sidph.  succiiia'tum, 
(F.)  li.  de  S'lufre  aiiccinf.  A  solution  of  sulphur 
in  oil  of  amber.  —  D.  Sidphnrin  terehinthitid'tum, 
Common  Dutch  Dropn,  (P.)  B.  de  Son/re  terebin- 
(hinS.  A  solution  of  sulphur  in  essential  oil  of 
turpentine,  administered  as  a  diuretic. — The  Bal- 
sum  of  Sulphur  of  IluLANH  is  a  solution  of  sul- 
phur in  linseed  oil  or  nut  oil. 

Balsam  op  Sym'patiiv,  Bahamvm  Sympath'- 
iciini,  (F.)  Bnume  de  Si/iiipirithlc.  A  balsam,  used 
in  the  days  when  sympathetic  influence  was 
strongly  believed  in.  It  was  comjiosed  of  the 
raspings  of  a  human  skull,  blood,  and  human  fat, 
an(l  vs'iis  applied  to  the  instrument  which  had 
inflicted  the  wound. 

Balsam,  Tiiibaut's.  A  tincture  of  myrrh, 
allies,  dragon's  blood,  flowers  of  St.  John's  wort, 
and  Chio  turpentine.  Internal/^,  diuretic  ;  exter- 
ncdly,  vulnerary. 

Balsam  of  Toltt,  see  Toluifera  Balsamum. 

Balsam,  TuaNQUIL,  Bal'samnm  tranquil'him 
seu  triniqiii'l'ldnf,  (F.)  B.  tranqiiiUe.  A  liquid 
medicine  employed,  externally,  in  the  shape  of 
friction  :  it  is  prepnred  by  macerating  and  boil- 
ing, in  olive  oil,  narcotic  and  poisonous  plants, — 
belladonna,  mandragora,  hyoscyamus,  A-,c. — and 
afterwards  infusing,  in  the  filtered  decoction, 
different  aromatic  plants.  It  was  employed  as 
an  anodyne. 

BAi.sAsr,  TiinKKY,  Dracocephalum  Canariense 
— b.  Turlington's,  see  Tinctura  Benzoini  com- 
posita. 

Balsam  of  Trn'pENTrNE,  iJntch  Drops,  BoV- 
snnnim  Terebiii'lhitia.  Obtained  by  distilling 
oil  of  turpentine  in  a  glass  retort,  until  a  red 
balsam  is  left.  It  possesses  the  properties  of  the 
turpentines. 

Balsam,  Vervain's,  Tinctura  Benzoini  com- 
posita. 

]]  VLSAM.  Vri/.\nRAI!Y.  OF  Mixdere'ri's,  Bnl'- 
S'linxm  vuhirrn'riiiiii  Miiidere' ri,  (F.)  B.  vid>i4- 
niire  de  MixnERKR.  A  kind  of  liniment,  com- 
posed of  turpentine,  resin  elemi,  oil  of  St.  J(din's 
wort,  and  wax.  Employed  in  friction,  and  as  a 
dressing  to  wounds. 

Balsam  Weed,  Iinpatiens  fulva. 

B\isAM  Wo("\n.  Tinctura  Benzoini  eomposita. 

B  A  L  S;  A  M  A  D  E  \  1)  B  0  X  GILEADEXSE, 
Amyris  (Jileadensis — b.  Myrrba,  see  Myrrha. 

BALSAMAIIIA  INOPHYLLUM,  see  Fagara 
octandra. 

BALSAMELiEON,  Myroxylon  Perniferum. 

BALSA.M'IC,  Btdiam'icus,  (F.)  Balsamiqtie, 
from  Pa\iTaiiov,  'balsam.'     Possessing  the  quali- 


ties of  balsams.  Bahamie  odour: — a  sweet, 
faint,  and  slightly  nauseous  smell.  Buhctmio 
snlstance: — one  resembling  the  balsams  in  pro- 
perty. 

BALSAMIER  ELEMIFERE,  Amyris  elemi- 
fera — h.  de  la  Mecqite,  Amyris  ojjobalsamum. 

BALSAMINA,  Momord'ic<i,  balsamina. 

BALSAMINE,  Motuordica  balsamina. 

BALSAM/QUE.  Balsamic. 

BALSAMITA  FCEMIXEA.  Achillea  ageratum 
— b.  Major,  Tanacetum  balsamita — b.  Mas,  Ta- 
nacetum  balsamita. 

Balsami'ta  Suav'eolens,  B.  odora'la  sen 
maris,  Jfentha  Stiraceu'ieii  seu  Bonia'na.  Ord. 
Compositse.  Sex.  St/at.  Syngenesia  Polyganiia 
superflua.  A  plant,  common  in  the  south  of 
France,  and  cultivated  in  the  gardens;  where  it 
bears  the  names  of  Menthe  eoq  ou  rumaine,  Grand 
hdume,  Butane  eoq  ou  Costus  des  Jardina.  Its 
smell  is  strong  and  aromatic,  and  taste  hot.  It 
is  used  for  the  same  purposes  as  cansey,  i.  e.  as  a 
stimulant,  vermifuge,  &c. 

Balsamita  Suaveolens,  Tanacetum  balsa- 
mita— b.  Vulgaris,  Tanacetum  balsamita. 

BALSAMO-SACCHARUM,  EUeo-Saceharum. 

BALSAMUM,  see  Balsam,  Amyris  opobalsa- 
muin— b.  ^gyptiacum,  see  Amyris  opobalsamum 
—  b.  Album,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferuui  —  b. 
Alijini,  Dracocephaluni  Canariense  —  b.  Alpini, 
see  Amyris  opobalsamum  —  b.  Anodynum,  l^ini- 
mentuni  saponis  et  opii — b.  Apuplecticum,  Balsam 
of  life  of  liull'mann — b.  Aromatieum,  Balsam  of 
life  of  Iloinnann — b.  Asiaticum,  see  Amyris  opo- 
balsamum—  b.  liraziliense.  Copaiba  —  b.  Calaba, 
see  i'agara  octandra  —  b.  Canadense,  see  Pinus 
balsamea — b.  Catholicum,  Tinctura  benzoini  cum- 
posita — b.  Cephalicum,  Balsam  of  life  of  Hoff- 
mann— h.  Copaibae,  Copaiba — b.  Genuinuin  anti- 
quorum,  see  Amyris  oi)obalsnmiim  —  b.  Hyperici 
simplex,  see  Hypericum  perforatum — b.  lodure- 
tum,  Balsam,  iodurettcd — b.  Judaicum,  see  Amy- 
ris opobalsamum — b.  Libani,  see  Pinus  cembra — 
b.  Maria:,  see  Fagara  octandra  —  b.  e  Mecca,  see 
Amyris  opobalsamum  —  b.  Mercuriale,  Ungucn- 
tum  hydrargyri  nitratis  —  b.  Xerviiium,  Balsam 
of  life  of  Hotfmann — b.  Nucista',  see  Myristica — 
b.  Opodeldoc,  Linimentum  saponis  camphoratum 
b.  Ophthalmicum  rubrum,  Ungncntum  hydrar- 
gyri nitrico-oxydi — b.  Persicum,  Tinctura  benzo- 
ini eomposita  —  b.  Peruvianum,  see  Myroxylon 
Peruiferum — b.  Saturninum,  Unguentum  plumbi 
superacctatis  —  b.  Scherzeri,  Balsam  of  life  of 
Hoffmann — b.  Stomachicum,  Balsam  of  life  of 
Hoffmann — b.  Styracis,  Styrax — b.  Stjracis  ben- 
zoini, Benjamin  —  b.  Succini,  see  Succinum  —  b. 
Sulphuris  Barbadense,  Petroleum  sulphuratum — 
b.  Sulphuris  simplex,  Oleum  sulphuratum  —  b. 
Syriacum,  see  Amyris  opobalsamum — b.  Toluta- 
tanum,  see  Toluifera  balsamum — b.  Tranquillans 
seu  Tranquillura,  Balsam,  tranquil  —  b.  Trauma- 
ticum,  Tinctura  benzoini  eomposita — b.  Univer- 
sale, Unguentum  plumbi  superacctatis — b.  Viride, 
Balsam,  green,  of  Metz  ;  see  Fasrara  octandra. 

BALSAMUS,  Balsam.— b.  Palustris,  Mentha 
aquatica. 

BALSEM,  Amyris  opobalsamum. 
BAMBA,  Bamboo. 
BAMBALIA,  Balbuties. 

BAMBA'LIO,  n<n,i'Lalo,  Bala'tm,  from  /?a/(- 
Patito,  'I  speak  inarticulately.'  One  who  stam- 
mers or  lisfis.  or  utters  inarticulate  sounds.  Ac- 
cording to  KiiAi'SE,  one  wbo  sjicaks  as  if  he  bad 
pap  in  his  mouth,  or  as  if  his  tongue  were  para- 
lyzed. 

'  BAMBOO,  (F.)  Bamhou,  Bamhxt.  Earn.  Gra- 
mineaj.  Sc.r.  Syst.  Hexandiia  Monogynia.  The 
J'oung  shoots  of  Bandios  arundinn'cea,  Ariin'((o 
hamboa,  Bumhu'sa  arundinu'een,  and  of  Baniboa 
vcrticilla'ta,  contain  a  saccharine  pith,  of  wuich 


BAMBOS   ARUNDINACEA        116 


BANDEA U 


the  people  of  both  the  Indies  are  very  fond. 
They  arc  soiuctiincs  made  into  a  picitle. 

BA:\IB0S  ARUNDINACEA,  Bamboo— b. 
Verticillata,  Bamboo. 

BAMBIISA  ARUNDINACEA,  Bamboo. 

BAMIX  MOSCIfATA,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus. 

BAMMA,  from  Parrno,  'I  plunge,'  'a  paint;  a 
dj'e.'  Anciently,  liquids  were  so  called,  in  which 
certain  liodies  were  plunged,  to  moisten  or  soften 
them.  In  the  case  of  tea,  for  instance,  into  which 
bread  is  dipped,  the  tea  would  be  tlie  bamma. 

BANAN.A,  Musa  sapientum. 

BANAXIER,  Musa  sapientum. 

BANAUSIA,  Charlatanry. 

BAXC  D'HIPPOCItATE,  Bathron. 

BAN  GAL,  (F.)  One  who  has  deformed  legs. 
It  includes  the  vahjue,  compernis,  and  varus, 
which  ?ee. 

BAXCnOCHE,  (E.)  A  vulgar  epithet  for  a 
rickety  individual. 

BAND,  PRIMITIVE,  see  Nerve  Fibre. 

BAN'DAGE,  JDfsnia,  Syndea'mua,  Hi/podea'- 
mis,  Hiip'xlenma,  Hypodes' iiinH,  (the  last  three 
signify  yiroperly  an  under  bandage.)  A  hinder, 
from  Sax.  bindan,  'to  bind.'  This  word,  with 
the  French,  is  generally  used  to  express  the  me- 
thodieril  application  of  rollers,  compresses,  <fec., 
Ban'dar/iiir),  Syit'desi's,  to  fix  an  apparatus  upon 
any  part, — corresponding  to  the  words  delic/a'tio, 
fancHi'tiojfdni-ia'rnm  appUca'tio,  epid'csis.  With 
us  the  noan  is  usually  applied  to  the  result  of  tlie 
application,  or  to  the  bandage  itself; — a  sense  in 
which  the  French  employ  the  word  Bmide.  Ban- 
dages are  simple  or  compound.  The  simple  ban- 
dage is  fqiKil,  if  the  turns  are  applied  circularly 
above  each  other;  unequal,  if  the  turns  are  not 
accuratelj'  applied  upon  each  other.  If  each  turn 
of  the  bandage  be  only  covered  one-third,  it 
forms  the  doloire  of  the  French;  if  the  edges 
touch  only  slightly,  it  is  the  mou&ne  ;  if  the  turns 
are  very  oblique  and  separated,  it  is  the  spiral 
or  creeping,  (F.)  rampant ;  if  folded  upon  each 
other,  it  is  termed  the  reversed,  (F.)  renverse. 
By  uniting  various  kinds  of  batidaging,  we  have 
the  com  pound, ;  and  these  compound  bandages 
have  received  various  names  expressive  of  their 
figure,  or  of  the  parts  to  which  they  are  applied, 
as  capli-trum,  sjiica,  &c.  Bandages  are  divided, 
also,  as  regards  their  uses,  into  \uiiting,  dividing, 
retaining,  e.rpeUing,  co7npreBsing,  d;c. 

Bandage  or  Roller,  Fas'cia,  TcB'nia,  Epides'- 
mos,  17/i'ci(/»m,  the  i?«iif/e  of  the  French.  It  may 
be  made  of  linen,  flannel,  or  other  stuff  capable 
of  offering  a  certain  resistance.  The  two  extre- 
mities of  a  bandage  are  called  tails,  (F.)  chefs, 
and  the  rolled  part  is  termed  its  head,  (F.)  globe. 
If  rolled  at  both  extremities,  it  is  called  a,  double- 
headed  roller  or  bandage,  (F.)  Bande  d  deux 
globes. 

BANDAGE  1  BANDELETTES  SEPA- 
EEES,  Bandage  of  separate  strips. 

Bandage,  Body,  3Ianti'le,  (F.)  Bandage  de 
Corpis,  is  used  for  fixing  dressings,  &c.,  to  the 
trunk.  It  is  formed  of  a  towel,  napkin,  or  some 
large  compress,  folded  three  or  four  times;  the 
extremities  of  which  are  fastened  by  pins.  This 
is  again  fixed  by  means  of  the  scapulanj  bandage, 
which  is  nothing  more  than  an  ordinary  ban- 
dage, stitched  to  the  anterior  and  middle  part 
of  the  na[.kin,  passing  over  the  clavicles  and 
behind  the  head,  to  be  attached  to  the  back  part 
of  the  napkin. 

Bandage,  Compound,  see  Bandage. 

Bandage,  Compressing,  or  Roller,  Fascia 
compressi'va  seu  cnnvolu'ta,  (F.)  Jlandiige  com- 
pressive ou  roule,  is  the  simple  roller  with  one 
head;  and  is  employed  in  cases  of  ulcers,  varices. 


Ac,  of  the  limbs.  "Whenever  this  roller  is  applied 
to  the  lower  i)art  of  the  limbs,  it  is  carried  up- 
wards  by  the  doloire  and  reversed  methods  above 
described. 

Bandage,  Compressive,  see  Bandage,  com- 
pressing— b.  de  Corps,  see  Bandage — b.  Dividin,:,', 
see  Band.age  —  b.  Dirisif,  Dividing  bandage  — 4. 
udi.r-huit  Chefs,  Bandage,  eighteen-tailcd— I.  ni 
Doloire,  Doloire  —  b.  Double-headed,  see  Band- 
age. 

Bandage,  Eighteen-tailed,  Fas'cia  octnd'- 
ecim  capit'ibu3,  (F.)  Bandage  d  dix-hnit  clicfi. 
This  bandage  is  made  of  a  longitudinal  portion 
of  a  common  roller;  and  with  a  sufficient  num- 
ber of  transverse  pieces  or  tails,  to  cover  as  luucl, 
of  the  part  as  is  requisite.  It  is  a  very  useful 
bandage,  inasmuch  as  it  can  be  undone  without 
disturbing  the  part. 

Bandage,  Expelling,  see  Bandage. 

Bandage,  Galen's,  B.  for  the  Poor,  Fns'cin 
Gale'ni  seu  Pau'pernm,  (F.)  IJandage  de  Gulien 
ou  des  Pauvres,  Ga'lea,  is  a  kind  of  cucnlhis  or 
hood,  (F.)  Couvrechef,  divided  into  three  parts 
on  each  side;  of  which  Galen  had  given  a  de- 
scription.    See  Cancer  Galeni. 

Bandage  of  Genoa,  Bandage  of  Theden— b. 
Hernial,  see  Truss  —  b.  Immovable,  Apparatus, 
immovable. 

Bandage,  In'gdinal,  Fas'cia  ingvina'lis.  A 
bandage  for  keeping  dressings  applied  to  the 
groin.  It  consists  of  a  cincture,  to  which  is  at- 
tached a  triangular  compress,  adapted  for  cover- 
ing the  groin.  To  the  lower  extremity  of  this, 
one  or  two  bandages  are  attached,  which  pass 
under  the  thigh,  and  are  fixed  to  the  posterior 
part  of  the  cincture.  This  bandage  may  be  either 
simple  or  double. 

Other  bandages  will  be  found  described  under 
their  various  names. 

BANDAGE  DES  PAUVRES,  Bandage, 
Galen's — b.  Permanent,  Apparatus,  immovable— 
b.  of  the  Poor,  see  Bandage,  Galen's,  and  Cancer 
Galeni — b.  Rampant,  see  Bandage — b.  Rcnverno, 
see  Bandage — b.  Roule,  see  Bandage — b.  of  Scul- 
tetus,  Bandage  of  separate  strips. 

Bandage  op  separate  Strips,  or  B.  of  Scfl- 
TE'tuS,  Fas'cia  fusci'olis  separa'tim  dispos'itit 
seu  Sculte'ti,  (F.)  Bandage  d  bandeleites  separies 
ou  de  Scultet.  This  is  formed  of  linen  strips, 
each  capable  of  surrounding  once  and  a  half  the 
part  to  which  they  have  to  be  applied,  and  placed 
upon  each  other,  so  as  to  cover  successively  one- 
third  of  their  width.  It  is  used  chiefly  for  frac- 
tures, requiring  frequent  dressing. 

Bandage,  Simple,  see  Bandage. 

Bandage  of  Tiieden,  B.  of  Gcnga.  A  band- 
age employed,  at  times,  in  brachial  aneurism, 
which  commences  at  the  fingers,  aud  extends  to 
the  axilla. 

Bandage,  Under,  Hypodesmis  —  b.  Unequal, 
see  Bandage — b.  Unissant,  Uniting  bandage— b. 
Uniting,  see  Bandage,  and  Uniting  bandage. 

BANDAGING,  see  Bandage— b.  Doctrine  of, 
Desmaturgia. 

BAN'DAGIST,  (F.)  Bandngiste.  One  whose 
business  it  is  to  make  bandages,  and  especially 
those  for  hernia. 

BANDE,  Bandage.  The  word  nande,\n 
anatomy,  is  used  by  the  French  for  various  nar- 
row, flat,  and  elongated  expansions. 

BANDE  A  DEUX  GLOBES,  see  Bandage. 

BANDE  D'HISlIODORE,  a  kind  of  bandage 
for  supporting  the  mammae. 

BANDEAU,  (P.)  A  kind  of  simple  bandage, 
which  consists  of  a  piece  of  cloth,  folded  four 
times,  and  applied  round  the  head.  There  i« 
also    the  Bandeau    ou    Mouchoir  en   triangle  or 


BANDELETTE 


1  17 


BARII    CHLORIDUM 


trinucfulnr  hnndage,  a  kind  of  couvrcchef,  made 
of  a  ji((u:irc  piece  of  cloth,  or  of  a  handkerchief, 
foMed  diiiffoiialiy,  and  aii[)licd  round  the  head. 

liASDELBTTE,  (F.)  Diminutive  of  Bauda 
FtiHciolii,  Tceiiiolii,  V^itta ;  a  narrow  bandage, 
sliip,  or  fillet.     Also  Taenia  semicircularis. 

liANDELETTES  AGGLU  TINA  Tl  VES. 
Small  strips,  covered  with  a  glutinous  plaster. 
VillOB  ai/i/liiliiiaii'len.     See  Agghitinant. 

liANDELETTES  DECOUP^S,  are  strips 
of  linen,  notched  on  one  ed<;e,  and  covered,  on 
one  side,  with  ointment.  They  are  apjjlied  to 
wounds  to  prevent  the  lint  from  sticking,  and  the 
laceration  of  the  cicatrix. 

liANDELKTTE  SEMICTRCULATRE,  Taj- 
nia  seniieirculiuris — h.  den  Comes  d'ammon,  Corjius 
finibriiitum — b.  dea  Eminences  pyriformes.  Taenia 
semicircularis — h.  de  V llippocanipe,  Corpora  fim- 
briata. 

BANDURA,  Nepentha  destillatoria. 

BANDY-LEGUED,  Cnemoscoliosis. 

BANE15ER11Y,  Actaja  spicata. 

BANGUE,  BhaiHj,  B,nuj,  Bancji  or  Benf],  Sed- 
hee,  Siihjce.  Adanson  believes  this  to  be  the  Ne- 
penthes of  the  ancients.  The  largest  leaves  and 
capsules  without  the  stalks  of  Can'nahis  In'diea, 
(F.)  Chnnvre  Indien,  Indinn  hemp,  probably  iden- 
tical with  G.  snticn.  Family,  Urticeae.  Sex.  Syst. 
Dioecia  Pentandria.  The  leaves  and  flowers  uf 
Cannabis  are  narcotic  and  astringent.  They  are 
chewed  and  smoked.  The  seeds,  mixed  with 
opium,  areca,  and  sugar,  produce  a  kind  of  intoxi- 
cation, and  are  used  for  this  purpose  by  the  peo- 
ple of  India.  An  alcoholic  extract  of  the  plant, 
Churnis — Extrae'tuni  Can'nahis  (Ph.  U.  S.) — has 
been  used  in  India,  and  since  then  in  Europe  and 
in  this  country,  as  a  narcotic  and  anti-convulsive, 
in  the  dose  of  from  half  a  grain  to  ten  or  more. 
It  requires,  however,  great  caution  in  its  adminis- 
stration.  The  pure  resin  —  CannaOine,  Iluscliis- 
vhine  —  is  active  in  the  dose  of  two-thirds  of  a 
grain. 

The  dried  plant,  which  has  flowered,  and  from 
which  the  resin  has  not  been  removed,  called 
Gniijah,  Ganjah,  Guaza,  and  Giiazah,  Ilaschisch, 
Ilaschich,  Haehiseh,  Hashish,  or  Chaschisch,  of 
the  Arabs,  consists  of  the  tops  and  tender  parts 
only  of  the  plant,  collected  immediately  after  in- 
florescence, and  simply  dried. 

BANICA.  Piistinaca  sativa, 

BANILAS,  Vanilla. 

BANILLA,  Vanilla. 

BANILLOES,  Vanilla. 

BANLSTE'RIA  ANGULO'SA.  This  plant, 
in  Brazil  and  the  Antilles,  pusses  for  a  powerful 
sudorific,  and  an  antidote  to  the  poison  of  ser- 
pents. 

BANKSIA  ABYSSINICA,  Hagenia  Abyssi- 
niea — b.  Speciosa,  Costus. 

BANNIERES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Bannieres  is  a  village  in  Quercy,  diocess  of  Ca- 
liors,  France.  The  waters  are  probably  chaly- 
beate. They  are  celebrated  in  amenorrhoja,  ca- 
chexia, jaundice,  Ac. 

BA'OHAli,  Adaneo'nia  digita'ta,  of  Africa. 
Nat.  Old.  Bombaeeae.  One  of  the  largest  pro- 
ductions of  the  vegetable  kingdom.  Its  fruit  is 
called,  in  the  country',  Pain  de  singe.  The  pulp 
is  sourish,  and  agreeable  to  eat;  and  a  refreshing 
drink  is  made  from  it,  which  is  used  in  fevers. 
Prospero  .\lpini  and  Dr.  L.  Frank  think  that  the 
Terra  Lemnia  was  prepared,  in  Egypt,  from  the 
pulp.  All  the  parts  of  the  Baobab  abound  in 
mucilage.  The  bark  has  been  given  as  a  substi- 
tute for  cinchona. 

BAPTISIA  LEUCANTIIA,  eeo  Sophora  tinc- 
toria — b.  Tincforin,  Sophora  tinctoria. 
BAPTISIERIUAI,  Baignoire. 


BAPTORRH(EA,  see  Gonorrhoea. 

BA RA Q UETTE  {¥.).  A  name  given  by  Ra- 
sous,  physician  at  Nismes,  in  France,  to  a  catar- 
rhal epidemy,  which  occurred  there  in  17til.  See 
Influenza. 

BARATIIRON,  Jnniperus  sabina. 

BARATHRUM,  Antrum. 

BARB  A,  Beard — b.  Aaronis,  Arum  maculatura 
— b.  Caprae,  Spiraea  ulmaria — b.  Hirci,  Tragopo- 
gon — b.  .Jovis,  Sempervivum  tectorum. 

BARBADOES,  see  West  Indies  —  b.  Leg,  see 
Elephantiasis. 

BARBAREA,  Erysimum  barbarca— b.  Stricta, 
Erysimum  barbarea. 

BARBAROS'SiE  PIL'ULJE,  Barlnros' sa' s 
Pills.  An  ancient  composition  of  quicksilver, 
rhubarb,  diagridium,  musk,  <fec.  It  was  the  first 
internal  mercurial  medicine  which  obtained  any 
real  credit. 

BAR  BE,  Beard — b.  de  Bone,  Tragopogon. 

BARBEAU,  Centaurea  cyanus,  Cyanus  sege- 
tum. 

]5ARBER-CHIRUR'GE0iSrS.  A  Corporation 
of  London,  instituted  by  King  Edward  IV.  The 
barbers  were  separated  from  the  surgeons,  by  IS 
Geo.  II.,  c.  15;  and  the  latter  were  erected  into  a 
Royal  College  of  Surgi  ons  at  the  commencement 
of  the  present  century. 

BARBERS,  ARMY,  see  Bathers. 

BARBERIE,  MINERAL  AVATERS  OF, 
These  mineral  waters  are  half  a  league  from 
Nantes.  They  contain  carbonic  acid,  chlorides 
of  magnesium  and  sodium,  sulphate  of  magnesia, 
carbonates  of  magnesia,  lime,  and  iron.  They  are 
used  as  chalybeates. 

BARBERRY,  Oxycantha  Galeni — b.  Ameri- 
can, see  Oxycantha  Galeni. 

BARRIERS.  A  variety  of  paralysis  chiefly 
prevalent  in  India ;  and  by  many  considered  to 
be  the  same  as  Beriberi.  Beriberi  is  commonly 
an  acute  disease.     Barbiers  is  generally  chrouie. 

BARBITIUM,  Beard. 

BAR-BONE,  Pubis,  OS. 

BARBOTINE,  Artemisia  Santonica. 

BARBULA  CAPRINA,  Spiraea  ulmaria. 

BARCLAY'S  ANTIBILIOUS  PILLS,  Pilule 
antibiliosa;. 

BARDADIA,  Pound. 

BARDANA,  Arctium  lappa  —  b.  Minor,  Xan- 
thium. 

BARDANE  PETITE,  Xanthium. 

BAREGES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Bar6gcs  is  a  village  in  the  department  of  llautes 
Pyrfinees,  near  which  are  several  springs.  They 
are  sulphureous  and  thermal,  the  heat  varying 
from  85°  to  112°  Fahrenheit.  They  contain  chlo- 
rides of  magnesium  and  sodium,  sulphates  of  mag- 
nesia and  lime,  carbonate  of  lime,  sulphur,  Ac. 
These  springs  have  long  enjoyed  a  high  reputa- 
tion, and  are  daily  advised  in  cutaneous  and 
scrofulous  afiections,  Ac.  A  nitrogenized  matter 
was  first  found  in  these  waters,  and  afterwards  in 
other  sulphureous  springs,  to  which  Longchamp 
gave  the  name  Baregine. 

Factitious  BAitiifJES  Watep.  Aqua  Baregi- 
nen'sis  seu  Baretginen'sis,  (F.)  Eaii  de  Bareges, 
is  made  by  adding  hydrosnlphnretted  water,  f^iv, 
to  pnre  water,  f^^xvijss,  carbonate  of  soda.  gr.  xvj, 
chloride  of  sodium,  gr.  ss.     Bottle  closely. 

BAREGINE,  see  Bareges. 

BAIKJADA,  Convolvulus  pes  capra. 

BARGOU.  An  alimentary  preparation  formed 
of  ground  oats,  boiled  to  a  proper  consistence  with 
water. 

BART6LIA.  Soda. 

BARII  CHLORIDUM,  Baryta,  muriate  of— 
b.  lodidum,  Baryta,  hydriodate  of. 


BARILLA 


118 


BARYTA 


BARILLA,  Soda— b.  Alicant,  Soda  — b.  Car- 
tha;;enn,  Soda— b.  Turkey,  Soda, 

BARILLOR.  Soda. 

BA'RIUM,  Ba'ri/tim,  Baryt'tum,  Pluto'ninm, 
from  (}apvs,  '  heavy.'  The  metallic  base  of  ba- 
ryta, so  called  from  the  great  deusity  of  its  com- 
pounds. 

Bauium,  CnLORiDE  OF,  Baryta,  muriate  of — 
b.  Chlonire  de.  Baryta,  muriate  of— b.  lodatuni, 
and  Iodide  of,  Baryta,  hydriodate  of— b.  Protox- 
ide of,  Baryta. 

BARK,  "Ciuchona— b.  Arica,  see  Cincbonae  cor- 
difoliic  cortex — b.  Ash,  see  Cinchona — b.  Bitter, 
Pincl-:neya  pubens — b.  Bogota,  see  Cinchona — b. 
Calisaya',  Cinchonae  nordifoliie  cortex  —  b.  Cali- 
Sfiya,  spurious,  see  Cinchonae  cordifoliae  cortex — 
b.Ciirabaya.  see  Cinchonas  cordifoliae  cortex  — b. 
Caribajan,  Cinchonae  Caribajse  cortex— b.  Cartha- 
genn,  see  Cinchona — b.  Coquettn,  see  Cinchona 

—  b.  Crown,  Cinchonae  lancifoliae  cortex  —  b. 
Cusco,  see  Cinchonae  cordifoliae  cortex  —  b. 
Doom,  Sassy-bark— b.  Elk,  Magnolia  glauca— b. 
Essential  salt  of,  see  Cinchona  —  b.  Florida, 
Pinckneya  pubens — b.  Fusagasuga,  see  Cinchona 

—  b.  Georgia,  Pinckneya  pubens  —  b.  Gray,  see 
Cinchona — b.  lluinnilies,  see  Cinchona — b.  Hua- 
nueo,  see  Cinchona — b.  Indian,  Magnolia  glauca 

—  b.  Iron,  see  Kino  —  b.  Jesuit's,  Cinchona  —  b. 
Jaen,  see  Cinchona — b.  Lima,  see  Cinchona — b. 
Loxa,  Cinchonre  lancifolia3  cortex — b.  Pale,  Cin- 
chonas lancifolio}  cortex — b.  Maraeaybo,  see  Cin- 
chona— b.  Ordeal,  Snssy-bark — b.  Peruvian,  Ciu- 
chona— b.  Pitaya,  Cinchontx;  Caribaeae  cortex,  see 
Cinchona — b.  Red,  Cinchona;  oblongifolias  cortex 
■ — b.  Royal,  Cinchonas  cordifoliic  cortex — b.  of  St. 
Ann,  see  Cinchonae  cordifoliae  cortex  —  b.  Saint 
Lucia,  Cinchonae  Cariba>a3  cortex — b.  Santa  Mar- 
tha, see  Cinchona  —  b.  Sassy,  Sassy-bark — b. 
Seven,  Hydrangea  arborescens  —  b.  Silver,  see 
Cinchona — b.  Yellow,  Cinchona;  cordifoliae  corte-x. 

BARLERIA  BUXIFOLIA,  Cara  schuUi. 

BARLEY-BREE,  Cerevisia. 

BAitLf;Y-ConN,  Cerevisia. 

Barley,  Pearl,  see  Uordeum  —  b.  Scotch, 
Hordeum 

Baulkv-Water,  Decoctum  hordei. 

BARM,  Yest. 

BARN,  Infans. 

BARNET,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Barnet 
is  not  far  from  London.  The  water  is  of  a  purg- 
ing quality,  like  that  of  Epsom,  and  about  half 
the  strength. 

BAROMACROM'ETER,  PcBdobaromacrom'- 
eter,  Pcp.dont'eter,  from  /Jupoj,  '  weight,'  /jiaKpos, 
'long,'  and  fitTpov,  'measure.'  An  instrument 
invented  by  Stein  to  indicate  the  length  and 
weight  of  a  nl^w-born  infant. 

BAROM'ETER,  JUironcop'ium,  Ba'roscope, 
from  /3apoj,  '  weight,'  and  fiirpov,  'measure.'  (F.) 
Bainnietre.  An  instrument  which  measures  the 
weight  of  the  air.  A  certain  degree  of  density 
in  this  medium  is  necessary  for  health.  When 
we  ascend  high  mountains,  great  inconvenience 
is  experienced,  owing  to  the  diminished  density. 
Changes  of  this  character  are  indicated  by  the 
Barometer  or  weather-glass. 

BA'ROS,  ISapoi,  'heaviness.'  Employed  by  the 
Greek  physicians  to  designate  the  feeling  of  las- 
situde and  lieaviness  observable  in  many  diseases. 
■ — Hippocrates.  Galen. 

BAROSCOPE,  Barometer. 

BAROSMA   CRENATA,  Diosma  crcnata. 

JiAROTE,  Baryta. 

BAROTES  SAI.ITUS,  Baryta,  muriate  of. 
BAHRAS,  see  Pinus  sylvcstris. 
BAKRE,  MINERAL  VVATERS  OF.    Barre  is 
a  small  town,  six  leagues  from   Strasburg.     The 
waters  are  thermal,  and  contain  much  iron,  cal- 
careous salt,  Ac.     They  are  diuretic  and  tonic. 


BARRE  (F.),  Barrnre,  Vara,  'a  bar.'  A  pro- 
jection or  prolongiition  of  the  symphysis  pubis, 
—a  deformity  rendering  delivery  difficult. 

BARREE  (F.).  A  term  applied,  in  Franco,  to 
a  female  whose  pelvis  has  the  deformity  described 
under  Barre. 

BARRES  (DENTS,),  Barred  Tetth.  Tho 
molar  teeth,  when  the  roots  are  spread  or  tortu- 
ous, so  that  they  cinnot  be  extracted  without 
being  broken  ;  or  without  a  portion  of  the  alveo- 
lar arch  being  removed. 

BARREL  OF  THE  EAR,  Tympanum. 
BARREN,  Sterile. 
BARRENNESS,  Sterilitas. 
BARROS,  Terra  Portugallica. 
BARRURE,  Barre. 

BARTON'S  FRACTURE,  see  Fracture  of  the 
Radius,  Barton's. 

BARYCOCCALON,  Datura  stramonium. 
BARYCOITA,  Baryecoi.i. 

BARYECOI'A,  Baryvoi'ta,  Bradyecoi'n,  Pn. 
racit'i-ia  obtu'sa,  BIsccoi'a,  Dy^eca^'a,  Andi'tm 
dilfic'ilis,  A.  f/ravis,  A.  iintnliiii'tt(s,  Ohinidl'tlo, 
Ubaiidi'tKH,  Hi/pocdplio'sis,  llijjjuehyru'nh,  (F.) 
jDnrcte  d' Oreille,  VyKerec,  from  jSapuj,  'heavy,' 
and  aKori,  '  hearing.'  Hardness  of  hearing,  in- 
complete deafness.  See  Cophosis,  and  Deafness. 
BARY^GLOSSIA,  Balbuties,  Baryphonia. 
BARYI  HYDRAS  lODATI,  Baryta,  hydrio- 
date  of. 

BARY^LALIA,  Baryphonia. 
BARY'OD'YNE,  from  (iapvi,  'heavy,' and  oJui'ij, 
'pain.'     A  dull,  heavy  pain. 

BARYPHO'NIA,  Bari/rjlun's!",  BaryWUa.Lo- 
que'la  impc.di'ta,  from  jSapvi,  'heavy,'  and  0aini, 
'voice.'     Difficulty  of  voice  or  speech. 
BARYPICRON,  Artemisia  abrotanum. 
BARYSOMATIA,  Polysarcia  adiposa. 
BARYSOMATICA,  Polysarcia  adiposa. 
BARY'TA,   from    fiapvi,   'heavy,'   jiapvTm, 
'weight.'      Terra  pondero'sa,   Bary'tcs,  I'mtux'- 
ide  of  Ba'riwn,  Heavy  Earth,  Ponderous  Earth, 
(F.)   Baryte,  Barote,  Terre  pesante.     This  earth 
and  its  soluble  salts  are  all  highly  corrosive  poi- 
sons.    It  is  never  employed  in  medicine  in  the 
pure  state.     AVhen  externally  applied,  it  is  caus- 
tic, like  potassa  and  soda. 

Bary'ta,  Carbonate  of.  Baryta  Car'honas, 
(Ph.  U.S.),  (F.)  Carbonate  de  Baryte,  Craie  haro- 
ti'que,  is  only  used  officinally  to  obtain  the  mu- 
riate. 

Baryta,  Hydri'odatb  of,  Barytm  Hydri'odns, 
Baryta  Hydn'od'ica,  Eydraa  Baryi  Joda'ti : — 
(in  the  dry  state.  Iodide  of  Barium,  Barii  Jvd'- 
idum,  Ba'rium  lodu'tum,)  has  been  given  in  scro- 
fulous and  similar  morbid  conditions.  It  may 
be  administered  internally  in  the  dose  of  one- 
eighth  of  a  grain  three  or  four  times  a  day,  and 
be  applied  externally  to  scrofulous  swellings,  in 
the  form  of  ointment,  (gr.  iv  to  ^j  of  lard.) 
Baryta  IIvdiuodica,  Baryta,  hydriodate  of. 
Baryta,  Mu'riate  or  IlYDROcaLORATE  of, 
Bary'tcB  mu'rias,  Chlo'ride  of  Ba'rium,  Ba'ril 
Cfilo'ridnm  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Chlo'ruret  of  Ba'rhm, 
Terra  pondero'sa  aali'ta  seu  mnria'ta,  Sal  mnri- 
at'icnm  barot'icum,  Baro'ten  sali'tus,  (F.)  Chlo- 
rure  de  barium,  is  the  combination  chiefly  used. 
The  Muriate  of  Baryta  may  be  formed  as  follows: 
Baryt.  Carbon,  in  frustulis,  ftj  ;  Aeiil.  Miiriol. 
f^xij  ;  Aquee  Oiij.  Mix  the  acid  with  the  water, 
and  gradually  add  the  Carbonate  of  Baryta.  To- 
ward the  close  of  the  effervescence,  apply  a  gentle 
heat,  and,  when  the  action  has  ceased,  filter  the 
liquor,  and  boil  it  down  so  that  Crystals  may  form 
as  it  cools. — Ph.  U.  S. 

It  is  given  in  the  form  of  the  Soln'tio  Muria'tit 

BarytcB,  Liquor  Barii  Chlo'ridi,  Ph.  U.S.,  Aqva 

,1  barytm    muria'tis,    (F.)    Solution  de  Muriate  (It 


BARYTE 


1  1  9 


BASSIA   BUTYRACEA 


BirytK,  (Mitnnte  of  Unryla,  one  part;  distilled 
witter,  liirue  parts,)  iind  is  emplnyed  in  scrofulous 
casi's,  worms,  and  cutaneous  diseases.  Exter- 
nally, to  fungous  ulcers  and  to  specks  on  the 
cornea. 

]Jaiivta,  Sulphate  of,  liarytm  eulphns,  (F.) 
Siilfitle  (le  llnryte,  is  used  in  pliannacy,  like  the 
carl)oiiiite,  to  olitain  the  chloride  of  barium. 

IJ.viiVT.E  CvitnoNAS,  IJaryta,  carbonate  of — b. 
Hydiiodas,  ]5;iryta,  hydriodate  <jf — b.  Murias, 
Baryta,  muriate  of — b.  sulphas,  Baryta,  sulphate 
of. 

JLMt  VTE,  Baryta  — 1>.  O'lrlxmate  de,  Baryta, 
carU<.n;it(!  of — li.  xnl/'nle  de,  Baryta,  sulphate  of. 

liARYTII MIA.  Melancholy. 

BAKVTIUM.  Barium. 

BARYUM.  Barium. 

B AS- FOND,  see  Urinary  Bladder. 

JiAS-LASSll  Stoekins,  laced. 

JiAS-  Vh'NTIiE,  Abdomen. 

BASAAL.  Tlie  name  of  an  Indian  tree,  the 
decoction  of  whose  leaves,  in  water,  with  ginger, 
is  useii  iis  a  garble  in  diseases  of  the  fauces.  The 
kernels  of  the  fruit  are  vermifuge. 

B ASANASTllA'tiALA,  from  5.i,r«vof, 'torture,' 
and  uffrpuyaXof,  '  the  astragalus.'  Pain  in  the  ankle 
joint:  gout  in  the  foot. 

BASAXIS'MQS,  from  0iiaavt^civ,  'to  explore.' 
'A  touch-stone.'  Investigation  or  examination. 
— IIipi)ocrates,  Galen. 

BASE,  fidHin,  from  fiaivta,  'I  proceed,'  '  I  rest,' 
'I  support  myself.'  Tliat  which  serves  as  a  foun- 
dation or  support.  That  which  enters,  as  a  prin- 
cipal matter,  into  a  mixture  or  combination.  In 
anatomy,  it  is  employed  in  the  former  sense,  as 
Base  of  til e  Crnniam,  Base  of  the  Brain  —  Basis 
sen  Pari  men' turn  cere'bri  ;  Base  of  a  process,  &c., 
Bane  of  the  heart — Basis  vel  coro'na  cordis.  In 
dentistry,  it  means  a  metallic,  ivory,  or  hii)[)o])o- 
tamus  plate,  which  is  used  as  a  support  for  arti- 
ficial teeth.  In  the  art  of  prescribing,  Basis  is 
the  chief  substance  which  enters  into  a  compound 
formula. 

BASE-BORN,  Illegitimate. 

BASE M EXT  MEMBRANE,  see  Membrane, 
basement. 

B AS r AT  10,  Coition. 

BASIATOR,  Orbicularis  oris. 

BASIlj,  BUSH,  Ocymum  caryophyllatum — b. 
Citron,  Ocymum  basilicum  —  b.  Common,  Ocy- 
mum basilioum  —  b.  Small,  Ocymum  caryophyl- 
latum— b.  Wild,  Chenopodium  vulgare — b.  Wild, 
Cunila  mariana  —  b.  Wild,  Pycuauthemum  iu- 
canum. 

BASILAl),  see  Basilar  Aspect. 
BAS'ILAR,  Basiia'ris,  Bas'ilary,  (F.)  Basi- 
laire.  That  which  belongs  to  the  base,  from 
jiaaii,  'base.'  This  name  has  been  given  to  seve- 
ral parts,  which  seem  to  serve  as  basis  to  others. 
The  sacrum  and  sphenoid  have  been  so  called. 

Basilaii  Autkky,  a.  basiia'ris  seu  cervica'lis, 
(F.)  Artirc  ou  Tronc  basilaire,  A.  mesncephalique 
(Ch.)  The  union  of  the  two  vertebral  arteries. 
It  ascends  along  the  middle  groove  on  the  infe- 
rior surface  of  the  tuber,  and  is  suj)ported,  be- 
neath, by  the  Fossa  basilaris.  It  terminates  in 
the  posterior  cerebral  arteries. 

Basilar  Asi'kct.  Au  aspect  towards  the  base 
of  the  head. — Barclay.  Basilad  is  used  adverb- 
ially by  the  same  writer  to  signify  '  towards  the 
basilar  aspect.' 

Basilau  Fossa,  (F.)  Gouttiire  ou  Fosse  basi- 
laire, is  the  upper  surface  of  the  basilary  process, 
—  so  called  because  it  is  channeled  like  a  Fossa 
or  Gitlter.     The   Tuber  annulare  rests  upon  it. 

Basilar   Pkocess,    Proccs'sns   basiia'ris   ossis 
oceip'itis    seu    cnueifor'mis    ossis    occip'itis,   (F.)  j 
Aonphi/se  Baxilaire,  J'rolongemeiit  sous-occipital, 
Ca'neijorin  Process,  is  the  bony  projection,  formed  I 


by  the  inferior  angle  of  the  os  occipitis,  which  is 
articulated  with  the  sphenoid. 

Basilar  Sinus,  Sinus  transversus. 
Basilar  Surface,  (F.)  Surface  basilaire,  is 
the  inferior  surface  of  the  process.     It  is  covered 
by  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  pharynx. 

Basilar  Vertebra.  The  last  vertebra  of  the 
loins. 

BASIL'IC,  Basil'icHS,  (F.)  Basilique,  from 
ffaatXiKos,  'royal.'  This  name  was  given,  by  the 
ancients,  to  parts  which  they  conceived  to  play 
an  important  part  in  the  animal  economy. 

Basilic  Vein,  Vena  hasil'ica  seu  cn'biti  inte'- 
rior,  (F.)  Veine  Basilique,  Veine  cubitule  cuta- 
nee  of  Chaussier.  This  vein  is  one  of  those  on 
which  the  operation  of  bloodletting  is  performed. 
It  is  situate  at  the  internal  part  of  the  fold  of  the 
elbow,  in  front  of  the  humeral  artery,  and  is 
formed  by  the  anterior  and  posterior  cubital 
veins,  and  by  the  median  basilic.  It  terminates, 
in  the  arm-pit,  in  the  axillary  vein.  The  an- 
cients thought,  that  the  basilic  of  the  right  arm 
had  some  connexion  with  the  liver,  and  hence 
they  called  it  hepatic.  The  vein  of  the  left  arm, 
for  a  similar  reason,  they  called  splenic.  The 
Median  Basilic  Vein,  (F.)  Veine  mediune  basi- 
lique, is  one  of  the  branches  of  the  preceding 
vein.  It  joins  the  median  cephalic  at  an  acute 
angle,  or  rather  by  a  transverse  branch,  and  re- 
ceives some  branches  of  the  deep  railial  and  cu- 
bital veins,  and  a  considerable  subcutaneous  vein 
— the  common  median. 

BASILfO  COMMUN,  Ocymum  basilicum— 6. 
Saiivaife,  qrand,  Chenopodium  vulgare. 

BASIL'ICON,  Basil'icum.  '  Roy.al,'  or  of 
great  virtue.  An  ointment,  composed  of  yellow 
wax,  black  pitch,  and  resin,  of  each  one  part, 
olive  oil,  four  parts.  Hence  it  was  called  Uu- 
ijuen'tum  Tetraphar' maenm,  (rtrpa'/mp/ia/cu,  'four 
drugs.') — Celsus.     Scribonius  Largus. 

I3ASILIC0N,  Basilicum,  of  the  Parisian  Codex, 
is  the  Onijuent  de  Poix  et  de  Oire.  In  most  Phar- 
macopoeias, it  is  represented  by  the  Un'jiten'tniii 
or  Cera'tum  Resi'ncB.  It  is  used  as  a  stimulating 
ointment.  See  Ceratum  Resinae,  and  Unguen- 
tum  Resinae  Nigrce. 

BASILICUM,  Basilicon,   Ocymum   Basilicum 
—  b.  Citratum,  Ocymum    basilicum  —  b.  Majus, 
Ocymum  basilicum. 
BASILIQUE,  Basilic. 
BASILISCUS,  Syphilis. 

BASI0-CERAT0-CH0NDR0-GL0SSU3, 
Ilyoglossus. 

BASIC -CEE'ATO-GLOSSUS,  from  jiauii, 
'base,'  Kcpas,  'cornu,' and  yXuiaaa,  'tongue.'  A 
narje  given  to  a  part  of  the  hyoglossus,  which  is 
inserted  into  the  cornu  of  the  os  hyoides  and  base 
of  the  tongue. 

BASIOCES'TRUM,  from  ^aan,  'the  base,' 
and  Ktcrpa,  'a  dart.'  An  instrument  for  opening 
the  head  of  the  foetus  in  utero,  invented  by  Mes- 
ler,  a  German. 

BA'SIO-GLOS'SUS,  ITi/pselof/los'sus,  Ifyoba- 
sioijlossus,  Ypseloglos'sus,  from  fiuaig,  'base,'  and 
yXutiaaa,  '  the  tongue.'  A  name  formerly  given  to 
the  portion  of  the  hyoglossus  which  is  inserted 
into  the  base  of  the  os  hyoides. — Riolan,  Thomas 
Bartholiue.     See  Lingual  Muscle. 

BASIC  PHARYNG.E'US,  from  fiair,;,  'base,' 
and  tpapvy^,  'the  pharynx.'  A  name  given  tc 
some  fibres  of  the  constrictor  pharyngis  medius. 
— Winslow. 

BASIS,  see  Prescription — b.  Cerebri,  Base  of 
the  Bfain — b.  Cordis,  Radix  cordis — b.  Corporis, 
Sole. 

BASSI-COL'ICA.     Name  of  a  medicine  com- 
posed   of    aromatics     and    honey.  —  Scribonius 
Largus. 
BASSIA  BUTYRACEA,  see  Spirit,  (Arrack.) 


BASSiy 


120 


BATH 


JiASSiy,  Pelvis — h.  Oculaire,  Scnphium  ocu- 
larc. 

BASSIXER,  Fove're,  to  foment. 

JiAi^^i/XBT,  Pelvis  of  the  kiduey,  Rtanunculus 
bulbosus. 

BAS'SORA,  GUSL  A  gum,  obtained  from  a 
plant  unknown,  which  came  oriijinally  from  the 
neighbourhood  of  Bassora,  on  the  Gulf  of  Per- 
sia, whence  its  name.  It  is  in  irregularly  shaped 
l)ieces,  wiiite  or  yellow,  and  intermediate  in  its 
transparency  between  gum  Arabic  and  gum  tra- 
gacanth.  Only  a  small  portion  is  soluble  in 
water.  The  insoluble  portion  is  a  peculiar  prin- 
ciple, called  Bfisnorin.  It  is  not  used  in  medi- 
cine ;  but  bassorin  enters  into  the  composition  of 
several  substances. 

BASSORIN,  see  Bassora  gum. 

BASSU'OOD,  Tilia  Americana. 

BASTARD,  Illegitimate. 

BATA.  Musa  Parndisiaca. 

BATATA  DE  PURGA.  The  Brasilian  and 
commercial  name  of  the  purgative,  feculent,  and 
gum-resinous  roots  of  two  plants  of  the  family 
Convolvulaceae,  the  one  called  Jeliciicu,  Mechoa- 
cmi,  Cuiivul' villus  mechoacnii'iia,  the  Piploste'qln 
Piso'iii'i  of  Von  Martins;  the  other  Cuiii-oV vi'ilua 
opsrcula'tHH,  the  Ipomoi'a  seu  Piptostc'ijia  oper- 
cithi'tii  of  Von  Martins. 

BATA'TAS.  The  inhabitants  of  Peru  gave 
this  ap))ellation  to  several  tuberous  roots,  espe- 
cially to  Convolvulus  Bdtalds  or  Sircet  Potato. 
Our  word,  Potato,  comes  from  this.  See  Solanum 
tuberosum. 

BATEMAN'S  PECTORAL  DROPS,  see  Pec- 
tor^l  Drops,  Bateman's. 

BATERION,  Bathron. 

BATES'S  ALUM  WATER,  Liquor  aluminis 
compositus  —  b.  Anodyne  Balsam.  Linimentum 
saponis  et  opii  —  b.  Camphorated  Water,  Lotion, 
camphorated,  of  Bates— b.  CoUyrium,  see  Lotion, 
camphorated,  of  Bates. 

BATH.  Anglo-Saxon  baS,  Jial'neum,  Bala- 
ne'iiiii,  lictliiie'nm,  Loutroit,  (Old  Eng.)  Baiiie, 
(F.)  Bain.  Immersion,  or  stay,  for  a  longer  or 
shorter  duration,  of  the  whole  or  a  part  of  the 
body,  in  some  medium,  as  water.  Act  of  plung- 
ing into  a  liquid,  sand,  or  other  substance,  in 
■which  it  is  the  custom  to  bathe,  Plniuje  Bath. 
Also,  the  vessel  in  which  the  water  is  put  for 
bathing.  Also,  a  public  or  private  establishment 
for  bathing.  The  common  water-bath,  used  for 
hygienic  as  well  as  for  therapeutical  purposes,  is 
the  Biiiii  simple  ou  liijgieniqne  of  the  French. 

In  J'linrnidci/,  a  vessel,  placed  over  a  fire,  and 
filled  with  any  substance,  into  which  another 
vessel  is  placed,  containing  matters  for  digestion, 
evaporation,  or  distillation. 

Bath,  Acid,  Bal'neiim  ac'ldum  {Acid,  murint. 
Ibij  ;  Aqua  eong.  Ixvi.  One  half,  one  third,  or 
one  fourth  the  quantity  of  acid  is  more  frequently 
employed.) 

Bath,  Acid,  Scott's,  see  Scott's  Acid  Bath  — 
b.  Air,  hot,  see  Bath,  hot  —  b.  Air,  warm,  see 
Bath,  hot. 

Bath,  Al'kaljsk,  Bal'iieum  alknli'nmn.  This 
uiay  be  madeof  half  a  pound  or  a  pound  of  ;)Pff)-;- 
ash  or  of  carbonate  of  soda,  to  sixty-six  gallons 
of  water. 

Bath,  An'imal,  Balneum  anima'le,  consists  in 
wrapping  an  animal  recently  killed,  or  its  skin, 
around  the  bodj',  or  some  part  of  it. 

Bath,  Axtipsob'ic,  Bal'tieum  aiitipso'ricnm. 
Recommended  in  cases  of  itch  and  other  cuta- 
neous diseases.  {Potass,  sulphuret.  ^^iv,  Aoucb 
cong.  Ix.) 

Bath,  Antisyphilit'ic,  Bal'tieum  nntisi/philit'- 
icum,  Mercu'rial  bath.  Made  by  dissolving  from 
two  drachms  to  an  ounce  of  the  corrosive  chloride 
of  mercury  iu  sixty  gallons  of  water. 


Bath,  Aum,  Brachilu'vium.  A  bath  for  the  arm. 
Bath,  Cold,  see  Bath,  hot — b.  Cool,  see  Bath, 

hot. 

Bath,  Dnv,  is  one  made  of  ashes,  salt,  sand, 
Ac.  Tlie  ancients  used  these  frequently  for  the- 
rapeutical purposes. 

Bath,  Eauth,  Arenatio. 

Bath,  Elec'tuic,  (F.)  Bain  ilecfriqne,  consists 
in  placing  the  person  upon  nn  insulated  stool, 
communicating,  by  a  metallic  wire,  with  the 
principal  conductor  of  the  electrical  machine  in 
action.  The  Electric  Bath  i)roduces  general  ex- 
citement of  all  the  functions,  and  especially  of 
the  circulation  and  secretions. 

Bath,  Foot,  Pedilu'vium,  (F.)  Bain  de  Pied, 
a  bath  for  the  feet. 

Bath,  Gelat'inohs,  Bal'neum  gelatino'sum. 
Made  by  dissolving  two  pounds  of  gelatin  or  f/lue 
in  a  gallon  of  water.  A  gelatino-suljihurous  bath 
may  be  made  by  adding  a  pound  of  glue,  previ- 
ously dissolved  in  water,  to  the  suli)hur  bath. 

Bath,  Genkual,  (F.)  Bain  Entier,  is  one  in 
which  the  whole  body  is  plunged,  except  the 
head;  in  contradistinction  to  the  ^:)a;(ui/  bath, 
Merobalaue' um,  J/erobal'ueum. 

Bath,  Half,  Semien'pium,  Excalhis'ma,  In- 
ces'sin,  Lices'sns,  is  one  adapted  for  half  the  body. 
One,  for  receiving  only  the  hips  or  extremities,  is 
also  so  called. 

The  Sitz-bath,  (G.)  Sitzbad,  of  the  hydropa- 
thists  is  a  tub  of  cold  water,  in  which  the  patient 
sits  for  a  variable  period. 

Bath,  Hand,  Mauulu'vium,  (F.)  Rain  de  Jlain 
ou  3launhive,  is  a  bath  for  the  hands. 

Bath,  Head,  CopitiUi'vinm,  (F.)  Bain  de  Tele 
ou  Capitiluve,  a  bath  for  the  head. 

Bath,  Hip,  Coxwlu'vium,  (F.)  Bain  de  Fan- 
teuil.  Bain  de  Sieye,  is  one  in  which  the  lower 
part  of  the  trunk  and  upper  part  of  the  thighs 
are  immersed. 

Bath,  Hot,  Balneum  Cal'idum,  Zcstolu'sia, 
(F.)  Bain  chaud,  is  a  bath,  the  temperature  of 
which  is  98°  and  upwards;  the  Waum  Bath 
from  92°  to  98°;  the  Tepid  Bath,  (F.)  Bain 
Tiede,  Balneum  tep'idiim.  from  85°  to  92°  ;  the 
Tempekate  Bath,  (F.)  Bain  tewpere.  from  75° 
to  86°;  the  Cool  Bath,  (F.)  Bain  fraia,  from 
fi()°  to  75°;  the  Cold  Bath,  Balneum  friy'idum, 
Fricjida'rium,  (P.)  Bain  froid,  Bain  tres  froid, 
(of  some,)  from  30°  to  60°;  and  the  Vapour 
B__ATn,  Balneum  vapo'rin,  (F.)  Bain  de  Vapeur, 
Etuvc  Hnmide,  from  100°  to  L'30°,  and  upwards. 
See  Vaporarium.  A  Warm  Am  Bath,  or  Uoi 
Am  Bath,  consists  of  air  the  temperature  of 
which  is  raised. 

Bath,  Med'icated,  Balneum  Medica'tum,  (F.) 
Bain  medicinal,  is  a  bath,  formed  of  decoctions 
or  infusions  of  vegetable  substances,  or  of  any 
ingredient,  introduced  into  the  water  for  thera- 
peutical purposes. 

Bath,  Mehcurial,  Bath,  antisvphilitic  — b. 
Nitro-nmriatie  acid,  Scott's  acid  bath— b.  Plun^-e, 
see  Bath.  ° 

Bath,  Sand,  Balneum  Are'ncB,  (F.)  Bain  de 
Sable,  consists  of  a  vessel  filled  with  sand,  and 
placed  over  the  fire.  Into  this  vessel,  the  one  is 
put  which  contains  the  substance  to  be  evapo- 
rated.    See  Psanimismus. 

Bath,  Sea,  Balneum  mari'num,  (F.)  Bain  de 
mer.     A  sea-water  bath. 

Bath,  Shower,  Implu'vinm,  Hydroco'nium,  is 
one  in  which  the  water  is  made  to  fall  like  a 
shower  on  the  bodv.     See  Douche. 
Bath,  Sitz,  see  Bath,  half. 
Bath,  Steam,  may  be  formed  by  introducing 
steam  into  a  properly  closed  vessel  in  place  of 
water,  as  in  the  water  bath. 
Bath,  Succes'sio.x,  TransW'ion  bath.    A  term 


BATH 


121 


BAURAC 


applied  to  the  rapid  succession  or  transition  from 
a  cold  to  a  warm  or  hot  bath,  or  conversely. — 
Bell. 

Bath.  SijM'IIUii,  Jlttl'iioin,  SHlph'uHs,  Snlphu- 
rett'vd  hiilh.  A  liath  much  used  in  psora,  and 
other  i-hninic  cutaneous  ali'ections.  It  may  be 
composed  of  two  ounces  of  diluted  sulphuric  acid, 
and  eif;ht  ounces  of  sulphuret  of  potassium  added 
to  each  l)ath;  or  simply  of  the  sulphuret  of  po- 
tassium. 

]iATfr,  SiTLi'HUR  Vapour,  see  Sulphurous  Acid. 

Bath,  Ta.v.  An  astrinfrent  bath,  prepared,  at 
times,  by  boiling  two  or  three  hiindfuls  of  ground 
oak-bark,  —  such  as  is  used  by  tanners  —  in  two 
or  three  quarts  of  water,  for  half  an  hour,  and 
then  adding  the  decoction  to  the  water  of  the 
bath. 

Bath,  Tkmpeuate,  see  Bath,  hot — b.  Tepid, 
see  Bath,  hot — 1).  Transition,  Bath,  succession — 
b.  Va[»uur,  see  Bath,  hot,  and  Vaporarium — b. 
AViirm,  see  Bath,  hot. 

]5ati(,  Watkr,  Jiiiliieum  Mar'icB  seu  3fana, 
(F.)  Biiia  Marie,  in  chemistry,  consists  of  a  ves- 
sel filled  with  boiling  water,  or  salt  water,  in 
which  the  vessel  is  placed,  that  contains  the  sub- 
stance to  be  evaporated. 

Bathing  is  much  employed  in  the  treatment  of 
disease.  The  cold  bath,  esivecially  the  cold  sea 
Itath,  is  a  sedative  and  indirect  tonic  :  the  warm 
bath  a  relaxant;  and  the  hot  bath  a  stimulant. 

The  regular  use  of  the  bath  is  extremely  con- 
ducive to  health  ;  but  if  too  much  indulged  in,  it 
is  apt  t'>  produce  injurious  cfTects. 

BATH  ALUM  SB  11  IN  OS,  see  Virginia, 
Mineral  Waters  of. 

BATH,  MINKRAL  WATERS  OF,  Aqva 
Jiiithi/'nifp,  vel  /idd'izce,  Aqitcp  So/in,  Aqnoi  Bad' 
u/iia;.  Celel)riited  thermal  springs  at  Bath,  in 
Eughmd.  They  contain  but  little  impregnation, 
and  are  chicliy  indebted  to  their  temperature, 
from  112°  to  117°  Fahrenheit,  for  their  utility. 
The  main  ingredients  are  sulphate  of  lime,  chlo- 
ride of  sodium,  sulphate  of  soda,  carbonate  of 
liine,  protoxide  of  iron,  free  carbonic  acid  and 
azote. 

These  waters  are  employed  in  the  most  hete- 
rogeneous cases;  and  are  serviceable  where  the 
siuiple  thermal  springs  are  indicated,  as  in  rheu- 
matism, paralysis,  Ac. 

BATH  SFUINGS,  in  Berkley  County,  Vir- 
ginia, is  a  mild  carbonated  water:  temperature 
7.'>°  Fahr.  It  is  a  useful  bath  in  cutaneous  affec- 
tions, and  is  said  to  contain  some  of  the  salts  of 
lime  and  magnesia. 

BA'TIIKH,  same  etymon;  Bobiea'riits,  Buli- 
vcft'lor,  Iliilneii'tor,  (F.)  liitiijuniir.  One  who 
bathes.  Anciently,  the  name  was  given  to  those 
that  administered  baths  to  the  diseased,  —  the 
J^tuvivies  of  the  French.  At  the  present  day,  in 
reuiote  districts  in  tJermany,  the  country  people 
call  tlioir  medical  practitioners  Biider  or  'bath- 
men,'  and  Feldscheeren  or  'army  barbers.' 

BATIllNtJ,  sec  Bath. 

BATHMIS,  BnihiiiM,  'base,  support.'  The 
cavitv  of  a  bone,  which  receives  the  eminence  of 
another;  and  especially  the  two  Foiicties  at  the 
inferior  extremity  of  the  humerus  into  which  the 
processes  of  the"  ulna  are  received,  during  the 
flexion  and  extension  of  the  fore-arm. 

BATIIROX.  Itiithrum  Hi/tpuc'rcitit,  Scnynnvm 
Hi/>/)nr'rati>i.  Bute' lion,  'a  stop,  a  ladder.'  (F.) 
liaiip  d'/Uppoi-role.  An  instrument,  used  for  the 
extension  of  a  limb,  in  cases  of  fracture  or  luxa- 
tion. The  description  of  it  is  to\ind  in  Galen, 
Orib'asins,  nml  Scultetus,  with  a  figure. 

BATH  RUM  IIIBBOCRATIS,  Bathron. 

BAT  I  A,  Retort. 

BATISSE,   MINERAL  WATERS  OF.    Ba- 


tisse  is  three  leagues  from  Clermont,  in  France. 
The  water  is  tepid,  and  contains  subcarbonate 
and  sulphate  of  soda,  sulphates  of  lime  and  iron, 
muriate  of  magnesia,  and  carbonate  of  lime. 

BATOS,  Ruhus  Idfcus. 

BATRACHUS.  Ranula. 

BATTALISM'US,  Jiattaris'mtis,  from  iJarrapi- 
^tiv,  'to  stammer.'  Balbuties.  Stammering  with 
incapacity  to  jironounce  the  R. 

BATT'ALUS,  liat'tarus,  same  etjmon.  A 
stauMuerer,  a  stutterer. 

BATTARISMUS,  Battalismus. 

BATTARUS,  Battalus. 

BATTATA  VIRGINIANA,  Solanum  tubero- 
sutn. 

BATTEMENS  DOUBLES,  see  Bruit  du 
Coenr  fwt'd. 

BA  TTEMEXT,  Pulsation. 

BAUDRICOURT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Baudricourt  is  a  town  of  France,  two  leagues 
and  a  half  from  Mirecourt.  The  waters  are  sul- 
phureous. 

BAiDRUCHES,  Condom. 

BAUIUN,  VALVE  OF.  Vnlve  of  Tui/pirs, 
V.  of  Fallo'pius,  V.  of  Vauo'lius,  ll'eo-coecal 
Vidve,  Hco-colic  Valve,  VaI'vida  Ilei,  Val'viila 
Coli,  V.  CcF.ei,  Oper'culiim  Itei,,  Sphiueter  Ihi, 
This  name  is  given  to  the  valve  situate  trans- 
versely at  the  place  where  the  ileum  opens  into 
the  ca'cum,  and  which  Bauhin  says  he  discovered 
at  Paris,  in  1759.  It  had,  however,  been  pre- 
viously described  by  several  anatomists;  as  by 
Vidus  Vidius,  Postius,  &c. 

BAUiME,  Balsam — h.  d'Achr,  Balsam,  chaly- 
beate—  h.  d'Aitjiii/len,  Balsam,  chalybeate  —  b. 
d' Ain^rique,  see  Toluifera  balsamum  —  h.  Apo- 
plectiqiic.  Balsam,  apoplectic — b.  d'Arra;un,  At- 
caeus,  balsam  of;  see,  also.  Balsam  of  Arcteus — 
b.  d'Arcpus,  Unguentum  elemi  compositum  — 
h.  Aromatiqne,  Balsam,  aromatic  —  b.  Uenjoin, 
Benjamin — /;.  Blatic,  see  Amyris  Oj)obalsanium — 
b.  du  Breeil,  Copaiba —  b.  de  Canada,  see  Pinus 
balsamea — 6.  de  CanneUe,  Laurus  cinnamomum 
—  b.  de  Carpatliie,  Balsam  of  Carpathia — b.  de 
Ciirtha(jcne,  see  Toluifera  balsamum — b.  de  Con- 
ntniitinople  blanc,  see  Amyris  opobalsamum  —  h. 
de  Oopaliu,  Copaiba  —  b.  Cordiale  de  Sennerte, 
Balsam,  cordial,  of  Scnnertus — b.  d'Ean  d,  feniUea 
ridees,  Mentha  crispa  —  6.  de  FeuiUet,  Balsam, 
green,  of  Metz — b.  de  Fiirraventi  spiriluense,  Bal- 
sam, sjurituous,  of  Fioraventi — h.  de  Fonrrroy  ou 
de  Labnrde,  Balsam  of  Fourcroy  or  Laborde  —  b. 
des  Fiinerai/lex,  Asphaltum  —  b.  de  Galaad,  see 
Amyris  opobalsamum  —  b.  de  (roicr/e re,  Balsam 
of  Genevieve  — i.  Grand,  Tanacetura  balsainita 
— 6,  du  Grand  Caire,  see  Amyris  opobalsamum 
— 6.  Hi/driodatf,  Balsam,  iodurette<l  —  b.  Hi/pnoti- 
que.  Balsam,  Hj'pnotic  —  b.  Hi/slerique,  Balsam, 
hysteric — b.  des  hides,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum 
— 6.  lodiire.  Balsam,  ioduretted — b.  den  Jardiim, 
Mentha  viridis — b.  c/e  ii/ctf/e/.  Balsam,  Lucatelli's 
— b.  }farie,  see  Fagara  octandra — b.  de  Mirmie,  As- 
phaltum—  b.  Nervin,  Balsam,  nervous  —  b.  de 
Peroii,  SCO  Myroxylon  Pernifcrnni  —  b.  de  Saint- 
Thonias,  see  'J'ohiif'era  balsamum — b.  du  Saniari- 
tain,  Balsam  of  the  Samaritan — b.  Saxon,  Balsam, 
Saxon  —  6.  de  Siaifre,  Balsam  of  sulphur — b.  de 
Si/nipathie,  Balsam  of  sympathy — b.  Tranipiille, 
Balsam,  tranquil  —  b.  de  To/ii.  see  Toluifera 
balsamum  —  b.  de  Van  Hie,  Vanilla — b.  Vert,  see 
Fagara  octandra — b.  Vert  de  Jfctz.  Balsam,  green, 
of  Met7 — b.  de  Vie  d'Hnffinnnn.  Balsam  of  Life, 
of  llofl'mann  —  b.  de  17e  de  Leiierre,  Tinct\ira 
aloes  eomposita  —  b.  Vrai,  see  Amyris  opobal- 
samum— b.  Vidnernirede  J/i'ii(/ere»-,  Ijalsam,  vul- 
nerary, of  Mindererus. 

B  ATM  I  EH,  Bahamier. 

BAURAC.  (Arab.)  Nitre,  or  salt  in  general. 
From  this  word  comes  Borax. 


BAURIN 


12  2 


BEDFORD 


BAURIN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  Baurin 
is  a  village  four  leagues  from  Roye,  department  of 
Soinine.     The  waters  are  strongly  chalybeate. 

BAVE(F.),  S'lli'rn  ex  nreflueiis,  ,Sj)inna,  Hit- 
mor  Stdi'vus.  Frothj',  thick,  viscid  saliva,  issu- 
ing; from  the  mouth.  This  drivelling  or  nlorer- 
ing,  we  see  in  children,  old  people,  <fec.  The  term 
is,  al^o,  applied  to  the  frothy  liquid,  which  flows 
from  the  mouth  of  rabid  animals.  Sauvages  uses 
it  synonymously  with  salivation. 

JiAVI'JUX,  lifiveime,  an  epithet,  occasionally 
applied  by  the  French  to  the  spongy  flesh  of  a 
wound,  which  suppurates,  and  exhibits  but  little 
tendency  to  heal. 

BAY,  CASTOR,  Magnolia  glauca— b.  Rose, 
Rhododendron  ehrj-sanlhemum  —  b.  Rose,  Ame- 
rican, Rhododendron  maximum — b.  Sweet,  Lau- 
rus  —  b.  \Vhite,  Magnolia  glauca  and  M.  macro- 
phylla. 

BDALSIS,  Sucking. 
BDELLA,  Ilirudo. 

BDEL'LIUM,  }fi))-rlm  imperfec'ta,  Bolchnn, 
Madelcoit,  BahhiiK.  A  gumfe.*in,  brought  from 
the  Levant  and  India,  and  supposed  to  be  ob- 
tained from  a  species  of  Ami/ris,  little  known. 
It  is  solid,  brittle,  of  a  deep  brown  colour,  of  an 
acrid  and  hitter  taste,  and  sweet  odour.  It  was 
much  vaunted  by  the  ancients,  but  is  now  little 
employed.  Two  ditferent  gum-resins  have  been 
in  the  shops,  distinguished  by  the  names  fiidinu 
and  A/rirnn  bdellinm.  I)r.  Royle  was  informed 
that  tiie  former  was  obtained  from  Arn'yris  Coni- 
niiph'uf)!,  growing  in  India  and  Madagascar. 
The  latter  is  said  to  be  from  Heudelo'tia  A/ri- 
ca'iin,  which  srovvs  in  Senegal. 

BDELLOM'ETER,    from    iSScUa,    'a   leech,' 
(/Ji^fXXu),  '  I  suck,')  and  utrpov,  '  measure.'    An  in- 
strument, proposed  as  a  substitute  for  the  leech  ; 
inasmuch  as  we  can  tell  the  quantity  of  blood  ob- 
tained by  it,  whilst  we  cannot  by  the  leech.     It 
consists  of  a  cupping-glass,  to  which  a  scarifica- 
tor and  exhausting  syringe  are  attached. 
BDELLUS.  Fart. 
BDELYOMIA,  Fart. 
BDKLYCJMUS,  Fart. 
BDESMA,  Flatulence. 
BDOLUS,  Fart. 

BE.\D  TREE,  Melia  Ar.ednraeh. 
BEAL.  Phlegmon,  to  Suppurate. 
BKALING,  Pregnant. 

BEAN,  CARTHA(JENA,  Ilahilla  de  Cartha- 
gena — b.  Egyptian,  Nymphrea  nehitnbo  —  b. 
French,  Phaseolus  vulgaris  —  b.  Garden,  com- 
mon, Vicia  faba — b.  Indian,  Catalpa — b.  Kidney, 
Phaseolus  vulgaris  —  b.  Malacca,  Avicennia  to- 
mentosa^b.  Pontic,  Nympha;a  nelumbo  —  b. 
Red,  Abrus  prccatorius  —  b.  Sacred,  Nelurabium 
luteura  —  b.  St.  Ignatius's,  Ignatia  amara  —  b. 
Tonka,  Dipteri.x  odorata  — b.  Tree,  Cutalpa  —  b. 
Tree,  white,  Crataegus  aria. 

Br.\n  Trkfou.  Tree,  see  Cytisine. 
BKARBERRY,  Arbutus  uva  ursi. 
BEARD.    (Sax.)  bear>».    (G.)   Bart.,  Barhn, 
Piiijon,    Geiiei'ou,   Barbi'tiiim,   (F.)  Bnrbe.     The 
hair  which  covers  a   part  of  the  cheek,  the  lips, 
and  chin  of  the  male  sex,  at  the  age  of  jiuberty. 

BEAR'S  BREECH.  Acanthus  mol!i.^_b.  Foot, 
Ilellcborus  foetidus  —  h.  Fright,  Hoptallon  gra- 
veolens — b.  Grass,  Yucca  filamentosa — b.  VVhor- 
tleberrv.  Arbutus  uva  ursi. 

BE.\R\VEEI),  Veratrura  viride. 
B EASTINGS,  Cidostrum. 
BEASTLINGS.  Colostrum. 
BEATING  OF  THE  HEART,  see  Heart. 
BEAUGENCY,    MINERAL    WATERS    OF. 
Beaugency  is  a  quarter  of  a  league  from  Orleans. 
The  waters  contain  subcarbonate  of  soda,  iron, 
magnesia,  and  lime.    They  arc  tonic  and  aperient. 


BEAUMONT  ROOT,  Gillonia  trifoliata. 

BEAUVAIS.MI^ERALWATERS  OF.  These 
waters  are  chalybeate.  Beauvais  is  in  Picardio, 
France. 

BEAVER,  Castor  fiber— b.  Wood,  Celtis  occi- 
dentalis.  Magnolia  glauca  —  b.  Tree,  Magnolia 
glauca,  M.  niacrophylhi. 

BEBEERIA.  see  Bebeeru. 

BEliEERINE,  see  Bebeeru. 

BEBEERU,  Sipeeri.  A  tree  of  Briti.'^h  Gui- 
ana,  which  yields  two  alkalies — Bithcciine,  Dibve'. 
n'lia,  lithce' rill  ur  Bibcriiie,  iind  Sipreriiitf ;  and 
in  its  properties  resemldcs  the  Cinchonas.  It  haa 
been  referred  to  Ncctmi'dnt  Jindiei.  Ord.  Lau- 
rinea;.  The  timber  of  the  tree  is  known  to  ship- 
builders by  tlie  name  bibiru  or  greev-heiu-t.  The 
Sidph<tte  <if  Ihbcerifi  has  been  employed  in  inter- 
mittents.  Warburg'n  Fever  Diopn,  Tinetii'rn  tin- 
tifebri'iia  Wnrbnv'tji,  an  empirical  antipcriodic 
preparation,  have  l)y  some  been  considered  to  he 
a  tincture  of  the  seeds  of  the  Bebeeru,  Imt  thij  is 
questionable. 

BEO,  (F.)  Bostriim,  Beak.  This  name  has  been 
applied  t"  various  parts. 

BEC  UORACOIDIEX,  (F.)  Cor'acoid  beak,  is 
the  end  of  the  coracoid  process. 

BEG  BE  CUILLER,  Hmn'nhis.  An  instru- 
raent  used  for  the  extraction  of  balls.  It  consists 
of  an  iron  rod,  7  or  8  inches  long,  having  at  one 
extremity  a  small  cavity,  into  which  the  ball  is 
received  to  be  drawn  outwards.  See  Cochleari- 
formis. 

BEO  DE  GRUE  MUSQUE,  Geranium  Mos- 
chatum — b.  de  Giue  Robertiii,  Geranium  Roberti- 
anuin — -b.  de  Lieore,  Harelip. 

BEO  BE  LA  PLUME  A  ECRIRE  (F.), 
Bealc  of  the  Calamus  Scri]>io' riim,  is  a  small  cavity 
at  the  superior  part  of  the  medulla  oblongata, 
which  forms  part  of  the  4th  ventricle. 

BEC,  (Le.)  mineral  WATERS  OF.  Bee 
is  six  leagues  from  Rouen,  in  Normandy.  The 
water  is  strongly  chalybeate. 

BECCABUNGA,  Veronica  Beccabunga. 

BECH^STHE'SIS,  from  (ir,^,  (ip^oi,  'cough,' 
and  aiaOnaii,  '  sensation.'  The  excitement  or  de- 
sire to  cough. 

BECHIA.  Tussis. 

BECHIAS,  Tussis. 

BE'CIIICS,  Be'ehicn,  Beeha,  Bec'chica.  Be>- 
chitii,  from  (irj^.  dnX"?'  '  cough,'  (F.)  Bechiques, 
Medicines  ada|)ted  for  allaying  cough. 

BECHITA,  Bechic. 

BECIIIUM,  Tussilago. 

BECHORTHOPN(EA,  Pertussis. 

BECUIBA,  Ibicuiba. 

BED,  HYDROSTATIC,  Water  bed -b.  Water, 
Arnott's,  see  Water  bed. 

BED'EtJAR,  Bedeguar,  Bedeguard,  Spoii'r/in 
Ci/iios'bati,  Fiiiigna  Roia'rum,  F.  Ci/iios'bati,  (F.) 
Pninnie  moii/meiise,  Epnnge  d'eghniticr.  An  ex- 
crescence, which  makes  its  appearance  on  dif- 
ferent species  of  wild  roses,  and  which  is  pro- 
duced by  the  puncture  of  a  small  insect,— C'j- 
nipa  RoHoB.  It  was  formerly  employed  as  a 
lithontriptic  and  vormiuige,  but  is  not  now  used. 
It  was  slightly  astring(mt. 

BEDFORD,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Bed- 
ford is  a  village,  situate  on  tlie  great  Western 
Turnpike  road  from  Philadcljdiia  to  Pittsburg,  a 
few  miles  east  of  the  chief  elevation  of  the  Alle- 
ghany mountains.  The  "Springs"  are  about  a 
mile  and  a  half  from  the  village.  They  are  saline 
and  sulphureous.  The  most  celebrated  —  the 
"  Mineral  Spring"  or  "  Anderson's  Spring"— con- 
tains carbonic  acid,  sulphate  of  magnesia,  chlo- 
rides of  sodium  and  calcium,  and  carbonate  of 
iron,  but  none  of  these  articles  in  great  quan- 
tity ;  hence,  the  main  action  of  the  waters  is  diu- 


BEDLAM 


123 


BELL   METAL 


rctic.  At  Bome  distance  from  the  Springs,  there 
is  a  chivlylteate  water;  ami  about  10  miles  S.  W. 
oC  IJeilforil,  at  Milliken's  Cove,  a  strong  sulphure- 
ous spring.  The  climate  of  Bedford  Springs  is 
ngreealile.  During  tlie  heat  of  summer,  the 
niglits  arc  generally  cool.  In  the  morning  of 
July  14,  lS5;i,  the  author  marked  the  thermome- 
ter, at  five  o'clock,  A.  M.,  at  45°.  Three  days 
before,  however,  it  was  at  70°  at  the  same  hour. 
BEDLAM.  M.)rotrophiuin. 
BEDLAMITE,  Insane. 

BEDSTRAW,  (Jaliura  verum — b.  Ladies, 
greater,  (ialiuni,  molhigo,  (Jaliuin  verum  —  b. 
Rough,  Galium  asprellum — b.  Ladies,  rough, 
Galium  asprellum. 

BEE,  Sax.  heo.  A])!n,A.  mi:llif'ica  seu  diimnst'ica, 
^li'lix'stt,  Mr.Ut'ta,  (F.)  Abril/e.  This  insect  was 
formerly  exhibited,  when  dried  and  powdered,  as 
a  diuretic. 

Bku  i>f  TiiF,  BoNNKT,  see  Insanity. 

BEEBREAD,  Propolis. 

BEECH,  Fagus  sylvatica — b.  Drop,  Orobanche 
Virginiaua — b.  Drops,  false,  Ilypopitys  lanugi- 
nosa. 

Berch,  Albany,  Ptcrospora  Andromedca. 

Bkki'ii,  Mast,  see  Fagus  sylvatica. 

BEEDY'S  EYES,  Viola  tricolor. 

BEEF  ESSENCE,  see  Beef  tea. 

Bkbf  Tkx,  Jh8  bovi' num.  An  infusion  of  beef, 
much  used  in  debilitating  maladies,  and  in  con- 
valescence. It  may  be  made  as  follows:  Take 
two  pounds  and  a  half  of  lean  beef:  cut  it,  in 
small  pieces,  into  three  partsofiod^crin  an  earthen 
pipkin  :  let  this  simmer,  but  never  boil,  until  the 
liquor  is  consumed  to  a  pint  and  a  half:  tlien 
strain  carefully.  It  ought  to  be  entirely  free 
from  fat  or  grease. — Dr.  E.  J.  Seymour. 

EHience  of  beef — as  it  has  been  called — maybe 
made  by  putting  a  pound  of  good  l)eef,  freed  from 
fat,  and  cut  into  small  i)ieces,  into  a  porter-b(rt- 
tle,  corking  lightly.  The  bottle  must  be  put  into 
boiling  water,  and  kept  there  until  the  water  has 
been  boiling  at  least  half  an  hour.  As  the  boil- 
ing goes  on,  the  cork  may  be  inserted  a  little 
more  tightly,  to  retain  the  contents  of  the  bottle. 
The  juices  of  the  beef  are  thus  separated,  and 
constitute  the  'essence,'  which  may  be  seasoned 
to  the  taste.     It  contains  much  nutriment. 

BE  EX,  Centaurea  bohen. 

BEER,  Cerevisia  —  b.  Black,  see  Falltranck — 
b.  Chowder,  see  Chowder  —  b.  Pipsissewa,  see 
Pyrola  umbellata. 

Bki'-k,  Jkws',  See  Pinus  sylvestris — b.  Springs, 
see  Water,  Mineral  (gaseous.) 

Brkr,  Spruce,  CerccWia  Abie'lis,  may  be 
prepared  as  follows.  Take  of  Esienre  of  S/jntce, 
half  a  (lint:  Pinunto,  bruised;  Giiujer,  bruised; 
Hopn,  of  each,  four  ounces  ;  wider,  three  gallons. 
Boil  for  five  or  ten  minutes;  strain,  and  add  of 
warm  tenter  eleven  gallons;  i/ermt,  a  pint;  Molas- 
ses,si's  pints.  Mi.x  and  allow  to  ferment  for  twenty 
Lours.     Used  as  an  agreeable  drink  in  summer. 

Bker,  Tak,  see  Piuus  sylvestris. 

BEET,  Beta. 

BEEST.  Colostrnm. 

BEESTINGS,  Colostrum. 

BEETLEWEED',  Galax  apbylla. 

J:KGA  IEMENT,  Balbuties. 

BEGMA. — .according  to  some,  Brefjma, — from 
^riaaav  w  fipnaac^iv.,  'to  expectorate  after  cough- 
ing.' Coughinir  :  also,  the  sputum  or  expecto- 
rated matter.— Hippocrates. 

BEGO'NIA.  The  I'cijonia  grnndijlo'rn  nnd 
B.  tnmeiito'sa  have  astringent  roots,  which  are 
used  in  Peru  in  cases  of  hemorrhage,  scurvy,  low 
fevers,  Ac. 

J3EGUE,  Balbus. 


BEUEN  AlilAD,  Centaurea  beben  —  6,  Al- 
bum, Centaurea  behen — b.  Officinarum,  Cucu- 
balus  behen — 5.  Itnuge,  Siatice  limonium  —  b. 
Vulgaris,  Cueubalus  behen. 

BEIIMEX  ACKMAR,  Statice  limonium. 
BKIA  HALAIjEX,  Sempervivum  tectorum. 
BEIDELSAR,  Asclepias  procera. 
BE  1ST,  Colostrum. 
BEISTIXGS,  Colostrum. 

BEISTYN,  Colostrum. 

BE.JUIO,  HabiUa  de  Carthagena. 

BELA-AYE  or  BE-LAHE,  A  tonic  and 
astringent  bark  of  a  Madagascar  tree.  Du-petit- 
Thouars  and  Sonnerat  think  it  may  be  substi- 
tuted for  the  Simarouba. 

BELADAMBOC.  A  species  of  convolvulus  of 
the  Malabar  coast,  which  contains  an  acrid  milky 
juice.  From  this  a  liniment  is  formed  with  oil 
and  ginger,  which  is  used  against  the  bites  of 
rabid  animals. 

BE-LAHE.  Bela-ave. 

BELA-MODAGAM.  A  kind  of  Sca'rola  of  the 
Malabar  coast,  the  loaves  of  which  are  considered 
diuretic  and  emmcnagogue. 

BELAXDRE,  (F.)  A  litter,  surrounded  with 
curtains,  in  which  patients  are  sometimes  carried 
to  hospitals. 

15ELC1IING,  Eructation. 

BELD,  Athrix. 

BELEMNOID,  Belenoid. 

BELEMNOIDES  PROCESSUS,  Styloid  pro- 
cesses. 

BEL'ENOID,  BEL'ONOID,  BEL'EMNOID 
or  BEL'OID,  Beletio'i'des  or  BelcinnoVdia  Pro- 
(■(■<('«)(»,  from  jSfXof,  'an  arrow,'  and  tiSo;,  'shape.' 
This  name  has  been  given  to  styloid  processes 
in  general — ProccHnits  beleuo'i'den. 

ijELESME,  see  Bollesmc. 

BELESON,  Balsam,  Mnssronda  frondosa. 

BKLILLA,  Muss.xnda  frondosa. 

BELlNUiM,  Apium  Graveolens. 

m-AA  OCULUS,  Belloculus. 

BELL,  CANTERBURY,  Campanula  trache- 
Hum. 

BELLADO.VE,  Atropa  belladonna. 

BELLADON'NA,  in  tlie  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States,  is  the  oDicinal  name  of  the  leaves 
of  Atrop.i  Belladonna. 

Bi;i,LAno.vxA  Baccipera,  Atropa  belladonna — 
b.  Trichotoma.  Atropa  belladonna. 

BELLADONNIN,  Atropine. 

BELLE-BLOME.  Narcissus  pseudo-narcissus. 

BELLE  DAME,  Atropa  belladonna. 

BELLEGU.  Myrobalanus. 

BELLEREGT,  Myrobalanus. 

BELLESME,  MINERAL  AVATERS  OF. 
Bellesme  is  about  three  leagues  from  Montague, 
in  France.     The  waters  are  chalybeate. 

BELLEY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
waters  at  Belley,  department  of  Ain,  in  France, 
are  saline  ajierients. 

BELLFLOWER,  Narcissus  pseudo-narcissus. 

BELLIDOIDES,  Chrysanthemum  leucanthe- 
mum. 

BELLIS,  Belbis,  ('pretty,')  Bellh  peren'ms 
seu  minor  seu  hiirten'als.  Sj/m'pJii/tnm  tiiiii'imiim, 
Briiineworf,  Common  Daixy,  (Sc.)  Eire-ijnica», 
(Prov.)  Tiairnicnrts,  (F.)  Paquerette  viriicr,  pelile 
MarriKerite.  Ord.  CompositiB.  The  leaves  and 
flowers  are  rather  acrid.  They  were,  atone  time, 
eonsiilered  to  cure  different  species  of  wounds. 
See  Osmitopsis  asteriscoides. 

Bellis  Houtexsis,  Bellis — b.  Major.  Chrysan- 
themum leueanthemutn  —  b.  Jlinor,  Bellis  —  h. 
Porennis,  Bellis  —  b.  Pratensis,  Chrysanthemum 
leuoanthemum. 

BELLIT,  Athrix. 

BELL  METAL,  Cal'coeos,  (F.)  Ahnin,  Mdal 
dea  cloches.    An  alloy  of  copper,  zinc,  tin,  and  a 


BELLOCULUS 


124 


BERBERIS 


small  quantity  of  antimony,  used  for  making 
bolls.  The  inortiirs  of  the  apothecary  are  often 
formed  of  this  material.  They  require  to  be  kept 
clean,  to  avoid  the  formation  of  verdigris. 

BELLOCULUS,  Thli  Oc'ulng.  A  kind  of  gem, 
whieii  the  Assyrians  considered  efficacious  in  the 
cure  of  many  diseases.  The}'  imagined  that  the 
figure  of  an  eye  could  be  seen  in  it,  and  hence  its 
uariie.  Ili-rK  Ei/<',  from  the  god  BeL 

BKLLON,  Colic,  metallic. 

BELLOfAS.  SCO  Ile.x  major. 

BELLOWS'  SOUND,  Bruit  de  soufflet  —  h.  s. 
Encephalic,  see  Bruit  de  snujfht. 

Bkllows'  Sound,  Funic,  a  single  raurmur  of 
the  bellows  kind,  synchronous  with  the  first  sound 
of  the  heart;  heard  by  some  observers,  and  re- 
ferred by  them  to  diminished  calibre  of  the  um- 
bilical arteries,  either  by  pressure  or  stretching 
of  the  funis,  or  both. 

Bellows'  Sound,  Plackntal,  Brxiit  placen- 
ta ire. 

BELLWORT,  SMALLER,  Uvularia  perfoliata. 

BELLY,  Ve?iter,  from  Ir.  bol(},  'the  belly,  a  bag 
or  pouch'  [?].  At  the  present  day,  the  abdomen. 
Formerly,  all  the  splanchnic  cavities  Were  called 
bellicH ;  —  the  lower  belli/,  venter  in'fiinun,  being 
the  abdomen  ;  the  middle  belly,  venter  me'dius, 
the  thorax  ;  and  the  upper  bell i/,  venter  sujjre'mus, 
the  head.     Also,  the  womb.     See  Veuter. 

BELLY-ACII,  Colica. 

BKLi,y-ACH,  DuY,  Colica  metallica. 

Bki.i.v-aoii  Root,  Angelica  lucida. 

BELLY-BAND,  Belt,  Russian. 

BELLY-BOUND,  Constipated. 

BELLY. GOD,  Glutton. 

BELLY-HARM,  Colic. 

BELLY,  POT,  Physeonia. 

BELLY-THRA,  Colic. 

BELLY-TIMBER,  Aliment. 

BELLY-WARK,  Colic. 

BELMUSCIIUS,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus. 

BELNILEG,  Myrobalanus. 

BELOID,  Belenoid. 

BELOIDES  PROCESSUS,  Styloid  processes. 

BELONE,  Needle. 

BELONODES,  Styloid. 

BELONOID,  Belenoid. 

BEL'S  EYE,  Belloculus. 

BELT,  RUSSL\N,  ]'e?«</-a7e,— vulgarly,  Belly- 
land, —  Abdominal  supporter.  Abroad  bandage 
applied  to  the  abdomen,  so  as  to  support,  and  make 
methodical  pressure  upon  it.  Difterent  forms  have 
been  termed  obntetric  binders,  utero-abdominal 
supportem,   &c. 

BELUL'CUM,  from  jScXof,  'a  dart,'  and  'tX/fM, 
'I  draw  out.'  An  instrument  used  for  extracting 
darts  or  arrows.  Many  instruments  of  this  kind 
have  been  noticed  by  surgeons. —  Ambrose  Pare, 
Fabricins  ah  Aqnapendeute. 

BELZOE,  Benjamin. 

BELZOIM.  Benjamin. 

BELZOIXUM,  Benjamin. 

BEN,  Gnilandina  moringa — b.  of  Judsea,  Ben- 
jamin— b.  Nut.  (iuilandina  moringa. 

BEXATIL  Pustule. 

BEXEDICTA  SYLVESTRTS,  Oeum  rivale. 

BENEDICTUM  LAXATIVUM,  Confectio 
sennas. 

BEXEFICE  BE  LA  NATURE,  Beneficium 
naturrc — b.  de  Ventre,  see  Boncficium  naturae. 

BENEFICIUM  NATU'RiB,  (F.)  lienfjiee  de 
la  n'ltnre.  This  term  is  used  by  the  French  pa- 
thologists for  cases  in  which  diseases  have  got  well 
without  medical  treatment.  With  them,  B/'nefice 
de  nntnri,  or  fS.  de  ventre,  is  synonymous  also  with 
Alvi  Pniflu'viiim  ; — a  spontaneous  diarrhoea,  often 
acting  favourably  either  in  the  prevention  or  cure 
of  disease. 

BENEL,  Croton  racemosum. 


BENEOLENS,  from  bene,  'well,' and  olere,  'to 
smell.'  Eito'des,  Snaveokns.  A  sweet-scented 
medicine,  as  gums,  Ac. 

BENU,  Bangue. 

BENGALE  INDORUM.  Cassumuniar. 

BENGAL  ROOT,  Cassumuniar. 

BENGI,  Hyoscyamus. 

BENIGN',  Benig'nns,  EnetU'es,  (F.)  Bfnin, 
Benigne.  Diseases  of  a  mild  character  are  so 
called  :  as  well  as  medicines  whose  action  is  not 
violent, as  a, Benign  Fever,  Febria  beni'j'na  iiiipu'- 
tris,  <fec. 

BENIN,  Benign. 

BEN'JAMIN,  corruption  of  Ben'znin,  Bcnzo'- 
innni  (Ph.  U.  S.),  B.  verum,  Anna  odora'ta  seu 
dnlcis,  Benjui,  Benjuin,  Asa  or  Beu'Jaoy,  Henjo'- 
innm,  Belzue,  Belzoim,  Ben'zoe,  Sty'raeis  Benzo'- 
ini  Bal'samum,  Liquor  Ci/reni'aens,  Croton  Ilen- 
zoe,  Ben  of  Judce'a,  Acor  Benzo'in  us,  S<(1  A  c"idum 
seu  essentia'le  seu  volat'ile  Benzoes,  (F.)  Benjoin, 
Baume  Benjoin,  Assa  donx.  A  resinous,  dry, 
brittle  substance,  the  concrete  juice  of  Sii/iyi.c 
Benzoin,  Arbor  Beniiri,  Laurus  Benzoin,  of  Su- 
matra. The  odour  is  extremely  fragwint,  and 
taste  slightly  aromatic.  It  is  prineii)ally  used 
for  the  preparation  of  the  acid  which  it  contains. 
It  is  also  employed  in  some  vulnerary  tinctures, 
and  as  an  expectorant.  Benzoic  Acid,  A<:"idnin 
Benzo'icum,  is  obtained  from  it  by  sublimation. 
The  purest  Benjamin  is  in  amygdaloid  masses: 
hence  called  (F.)  Benjoin  amygdalo'ide. 

Benjamin  Bush,  Laurus  benzoin. 

Bp^n.tamin,  Flowei!R  of,  Ben'zoic  Acid,  Ac"- 
iduni  Benzo'icum  seu  Benzoyl icum,  Flores  Benzoes 
sell  Benzo'ini,  Ac'*{diim  Benzo'ieum  per  snblinia- 
tio'nem,  (F.)  Acide  Benzoique,  Fleurs  de  Benjoin. 
This  acid  exists  in  all  the  balsams,  but  chiefly  in 
Benzoin,  from  which  it  is  obtained  by  sublima- 
tion. It  is  in  vanilla,  canella,  the  urine  of  in- 
fants, and  of  herbivorous  animals.  Its  odour  is 
aromatic  and  fragrant;  taste  hot,  slightly  acidu- 
lous, and  agreeable.  The  crystals  consist  of 
white,  satiny  flakes,  slightly  ductile.  It  is  pro- 
bably stimulant;  and  has  been  used,  as  such,  ia 
chronic  catarrh;  but  it  has  little  efficacy. 

BENJAOY,  Benjamin. 

BENJOIN,  Benjamin. 

BEN.JOINUM,  Benjamin. 

BEN.JUL  Benjamin. 

BEN  MOENJA.  A  Malabar  tree.  An  alexi- 
pharmic  decoction  is  made  of  its  roots,  in  the 
country,  which  is  much  praised  in  cases  of  malig- 
nant fever.  Its  bark,  boiled  with  Calamus  aroma- 
ticus  and  salt,  forms  a  decoction  used  in  bites  of 
poisonous  serpents. 

BENNE,  Sesamum  orientale. 

BENNET,  HERB,  Geum  urbanum,  and  G. 
Virginianum. 

BENOITE,  Geum  urbanum  —  h.  Aq)(at!qtie, 
Geum  rivale  —  b.  des  Jtuisseau.r,  Geum  rivale  — 
b.  de  Virginie,  Geum  Virginianum. 

BENZENE,  Benzole. 

BENZIN,  Benzole,  see  Anaesthetic 

BENZOATE  OF  AMMONIA,  Ammonia;  ben- 
zoas, 

BENZOE,  Benjamin. 

BENZOENIL*  Vanilla. 

BENZOIN,  Benjamin — b.  Odoriferum,  Laurus 
Benzoin. 

BEN'ZOLE,  Benzin,  Benzene,  T'hene,  Ify'dru- 
ret  of  Pheu'yle.  A  constituent  of  coal-gas  tar, 
obtained  by  distilling  coal  naphtha.  It  is  a  co- 
lourless, oleaginous  liquid,  of  agreeable  odour. 
Sp.  gr.  0-85.  The  vapour,  when  inhaled,  acts  as 
an  anajsthetic. 

BERBERINE,  sec  Oxyacantha  Galeni. 

BERBERIS,   Oxyacantha  Galeui  — b.   Cana- 
y  densis,  see  Oxyacantha  Galeni. 


BERBINE 


125 


BEZOAR 


BET! BINE,  Verliena  officinalis. 

lihltCI-!.  Ilcriicleuin  s])()ndylium. 

BEKEXDAROS,  Ocyinum  basilicum. 

BEKKNICK,  Suecinuiu. 

BEIIKNICIUM.  Potnssa)  nitras. 

BKIiKN  ISKCUiM,  Artemisia  vulgaris. 

BEK(JAM()T',  nn,;jnm.,te,  Benjnmot'ta,  (F.) 
BerijiiiiKiitit.  A  sin;ill  orange,  of  a  very  agreeable 
taste.  Jind  peculiiir  odour.  From  its  rind  an  oil, 
Oleum  /itri/u'niii  (Ph.  U.  S.),  is  obtained,  which 
js  tnu<-li  employed  as  a  perfume,  and  sometimes 
in  miMliciue.     See  Citrus  mella  rosa. 

BEK'IIJERI,  BciU'ria,  Syn'clonus  Benbe'- 
rin,  fiiduHt/n'cloniiH,  J'driit'i/nig  Bcr'iheri,  from 
heri  in  the  Singhalese  language,  which  signifies 
'  weakness  ;'  therefore,  licriieri, '  grout  weakness.' 
This  word  is  also  said  to  be  Iiinduslhanee,  and 
to  mean  a  eheap. — Bontius.  Beriberi  is  an  In- 
dian disease,  little  known  in  Europe.  It  con- 
sists in  debility  and  tremors  of  the  limbs, — some- 
times, indeed,  of  the  whole  body;  with  painful 
numbness  of  the  atfected  parts,  &c.: — the  patient 
walking  doubled,  and  imitating  the  movements 
of  sheep  !  Some  authors  have  esteemed  it  rheu- 
matic ;  others,  paralytic;  others,  to  be  a  kind  of 
chorea.  It  is,  almost  always,  incurable;  is  rarely 
fatal;  and  is  treated  by  exercise,  stimulant  fric- 
tion, sudorifies,  <fec.  It  is  sometimes  called 
Bar'biera,  but  this  would  seem  to  be  a  different 
disease. 

BEBTCOCCE.  Prunus  armeniaca. 

BEltKLKY  SPRINGS,  see  Bath  Springs, 

BHIirj':  XODIFLORE,  Slum. 

BERL UE,  Metamorphopsia. 

BER.MU'DAS,  CLIMATE  OF.  Pulmonary 
invalids  are  occasionally  sent  to  Bermuda,  but 
the  principal  objection  to  a  winter  residence 
there,  is  the  prevalence  of  strong  winds;  espe- 
cially of  the  dry,  sharp,  and  cold  north-west 
winds,  during  the  winter  and  spring.  Still,  it 
affords  a  goud  winter  retreat  for  the  phthisical, 
from  any  part  of  the  United  States,  provided  due 
care  be  soli'ctcd  in  choosing  a  suitable  locality. 
The  neighbuurhood  of  Hamilton  has  been  strongly 
recommended  with  this  view. 

BERXARD  THE  HERMIT,  Cancellus. 

BERRIE."^.  INDIAN,  see  Menisi)ermum  coc- 
culus — b.  Turkey,  yellow,  see  Piper  cubeba. 

BERS.  A  sort  of  electuary,  composed  of  pep- 
per, seed  of  the  white  hyoscyamus,  opium,  euphor- 
bium,  saffron,  &c.  The  Egyptians  used  it  as  an 
excitant. — Prospero  Alpini. 

BERU,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Bern  is 
in  Champagne,  Franco.  The  waters  are  slightly 
chalybeate. 

BERULA.  Slum  nodiflorum  —  b.  Angustifolia, 
Sium  nodiflorum. 

BESASA.  Kuta. 

BESfOLES.  Spectacles. 

BESOLV,  Want— 6.  de  Rcujyirer,  see  Want — 
h.  de  In  Vif,  Necessar}'  of  life. 

BESS  AN  EM.  A  word  used  by  Avicenna,  for 
redness  of  the  skin,  limbs,  and  face,  produced  by 
the  action  of  cold. 

BESSOX.  )  c       r.  11 

BESSONXE,  1  ^''  Gemellus. 

BETA.  The  Beet,  Si'c'ida,  (F.)  Bette,  Beffe- 
rave.  Family/,  Chonopodesc.  i'cx.  ■%«(.  Pentan- 
dria  Digynia.  A  genus  of  plants,  of  which  the 
following  are  the  chief  varieties  : 

Bkta  lly'iuuiiA,  Bor)t  of  Searciti/.  Root  red, 
outside;  white,  within.  Very  nutritive;  yields 
sugar. 

Beta  Vui.oA'nis  Ai.ba,  White  Beet.  The  root 
jields  sncar,  and  the  leaves  are  eaten  as  a  sub- 
stitute for  spinach. 

Beta  Vii.oa'kis  Ri'bua.  Bed  Beet.  Root  red 
and  nutritive;  yields  a  small  quantity  of  sugar.     I 

BETAYNE,  Betonica  officinalis.  I 


BETEL,  Piper  Betel,  Chavica  hetle.  A  species 
of  pepper,  cultivated  in  several  parts  of  India. 
The  East  Indians  are  in  the  habit  of  chewing 
the  leaves  with  lime  and  areca;  and  they  give 
the  name  IJetel  to  this  preparation.  It  is  used  in 
all  the  equatorial  countries  of  Asia.  Betel  is  said 
to  be  tonic  and  astringent.  It  is  also  called  i?e«c, 
Beire,  Betle.     See  Areca. 

BETHKOOT,  Trillium  latifolium  —  b.  Broad- 
leaf,  Trillium  latifolium. 

BETISE,  Dementia. 

BETOIXE,  Betonica  officinalis —  ft.  de»  Mnv. 
tn>T)ies,  Arnica  moutaua —  i.  des  Savoyurdu,  Ar- 
nica montana. 

BETOX,  Colostrum. 

BETONICA  AQUATICA,  Serophularia  aqua- 
tica. 

Beton'icA  OFFICtXA'LIS,  B.  jnirpn'rea,  Vet- 
ton'ien,  Centron,  Bet'uny,  Wood  Betnny,  (Old 
Eng.)  Bettiyite,  Pnychot' rophiim,  Veroni'ca  piir- 
pii'rca,  (F.)  Betoiiie.  Order,  Labiata;.  .SV-.r.  Si/xt. 
Didynamia  Gymnospermia.  Betony  was  in  much 
esteem  amongst  the  ancients,  who  employed  the 
flowers  and  leaves,  in  decoction,  in  gout,  sciatica, 
cephalalgia,  &c.  It  was  so  called,  according  to 
Pliny,  from  being  in  great  repute  among  the  Vet- 
tones  or  Bettones,  an  ancient  people  of  Spain. 
Antonius  Musa  is  said  to  have  written  a  volume 
in  praise  of  it;  recommending  it  in  no  less  than 
47  different  diseases.  It  has,  however,  little  or 
no  virtue.  The  leaves  are  said  to  be  aperient, 
and  the  root  emetic. 

Betonica  Paui.i,  Veronica. 

BETONY,  Betonica  officinalis— b.  Paul's,  Ly- 
copus  sinuatus,  Lycopus  Virginicus.  Veronica — ■ 
b.  Water,  Serophularia  aqualica — b.  AVuod,  Beto- 
nica officinalis. 

BETRE,  Betel, 

BKTTK,  Bctu. 

BETTKUAVE,  Beta. 

BET'ULA  ALBA,  Y.r,yivSa.  The  Birch,  (So.) 
Birk,  (F.)  Bonlenii  conmiini.  Order,  Bctulaceae. 
The  3'oung  leaves  are  slightly  odorous,  astrin- 
gent, and  bitter.  They  are  applieil  to  wounds 
and  ulcers.  They  have  been  regarded  as  anti- 
scorbutic and  anthelmintic.  The  tree  furnishes 
a  saccharine  juice,  which  is  considered  antiscor- 
butic and  diuretic. 

Betiii^a  Emahginata,  Alnus  glutinosa — b.  Glu- 
tinosa,  Alnus  glutinosa. 

Bktula  Lenta,  Siceet  Birch,  Blnvk  Birch, 
Cherry  Birch,  Mountain  2fitho(jciny,  is  an  Ame- 
rican species,  the  bark  and  leaves  of  which  have 
the  smell  and  taste  of  Gaultheria  procumbens. 
An  infusion  is  sometimes  niadeof  them,  and  used 
as  an  excitant  and  diaphoretic.  The  volatile  oil 
is  nearly,  if  not  wholly,  identical  with  that  of 
Gaultheria. 

JIEURRE,  Butter  — 6.  de  Bnmbouc,  Butter  of 
bambouc  —  h.  de  Cacao,  Butter  of  cacao  —  b.  de 
Coco,  Butter  of  cocoa — b.  Vetjetale,  Persea  gratis- 
sima. 

BEUVRIGNY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Beuvrigny  is  in  the  vicinity  of  Bayeux,  in  Nor- 
mandy.    The  water  is  chalybeate. 

BEVERAGE,  Drink. 

BEVUE,  Diplopia. 

BEX,  Tussis— b.  Convulsiva,  Pertussis— b.  Hu- 
mida.  Expectoration — b.  Theriodcs,  Pertussis. 

BEXIS,  Tussis. 

BEXU'GO.  Under  this  name,  a  purgative 
root  was  formerly  introduced  into  Europe  from 
Peru.  It  is  supposed  to  have  been  the  root  of  a 
Ilippocratea. 

BEZ'O.AR,  i?f2'<7«r,  Bez'ehard,  Pa'znhar,  from 
Persian  Pa,  'against,'  and  zahar,  poison.  Lapis 
Bezoar'dicux,  Cal'culus  Bez'oar,  Eiitcrol'ithiiK  Be- 
zour'dua,  Bczoard.    A  calculous  concretion,  found 


B^ZOARD  D'ALLEMAGXE    126 


Bicno 


in  the  stomach,  intestines,  and  bladder  of  ani- 
mals. Wonderful  virtues  were  formerly  attri- 
buted to  these  Bezoars.  There  were  two  great 
varieties:  the  liez'unr  orientn'le,  Aii'imal  Ih-zonr'- 
ticiim  orieiita'le,  formed  in  the  fourth  stomach  of 
the  gazelle  of  India  {Gazel'lit  lu'dica,  or  rather 
Aiitito'piis  cerricn'pni :)  and  the  Bez'onr  occiden- 
t't'le.  Aiiimiil  Brz'ini'ticiim  occidentn'le,  found  in 
the  fourth  stomach  of  the  wild  yont  or  chamois 
of  Peru.  These  substances  were  esteemed  to  he 
powerful  alexipharmics  ;  but  the  former  was  the 
more  valued.  It  was  believed  that  no  poison, 
and  no  eruptive,  pestilential,  or  putrid  disease, 
could  resist  its  influence.  As  so  many  virtues 
were  ascribed  to  it,  other  animal  concretions  were 
substituted  for  it;  and  factitious  Bezoards  were 
made  of  crabs'  eyes  and  claws,  bruised  and  mixed 
with  musk,  ambergris,  (fee. 

Bez'oar  Bovi'num,  (F.)  Bezoard  de  Bceuf,  Be- 
eoard  of  the  beef.  A  concretion  formed  in  the 
fourth  stomach  of  beeves;  also,  a  biliary  calcu- 
lus found  in  the  gall-bladder. 

Bez'oard  of  the  Deer,  B.  of  the  Lnch'rymal 
Fossd  of  the  Deer,  Deer's  Tenrs.  A  moist,  highly 
odorous,  fatty  matter,  found  below  the  anterior 
canthus  of  the  orbit  of  the  red  deer — Cervim  el'e- 
phas.  It  has  been  used,  like  castor,  as  an  anti- 
spasmodic, in  the  dose  of  from  5  to  15  grains,  two 
or  three  times  a  day. 

Bezoar  EQui\iisr,  Bezoard  of  the  horse  —  b. 
Hystrieis,  Bezoard  of  the  Indian  porcupine. 

Bez'oard  op  Cavmax.  This  was  once  much 
prized.     It  is  now  unknown. 

BEZOARD  D'ALLEMAGNE,  iEgagropila. 

Bez'oard  of  the  Chamois,  and  B.  of  the 
Horse,  Beznnr  eqni'num,  Hippol'ithm,  &c.,  exhi- 
bit their  origin  in  the  name. 

Bez'oard  of  the  Inoian  Por'ciipine,  Bez'oar 
ffi/n'tricii,  Lfipi's  Purci'iiHS  seu  llriliiceii'ah,  Petro 
del  Form,  (F.)  Bezoard  de  Pore-Epic,  was  for- 
merly the  dearest  of  all  the  Bezoards,  and  was 
sold  at  an  enormous  price  in  Spain  and  Portu- 
gal. 

Bez'oard,  Mineral,  Antimonium  diaphoreti- 
cum — b.  Vegetable,  see  Calappitc. 

BEZOAR'DIC,  Bezonr'diciis,  (F.)  Bezortrdiqne ; 
concerning  the  bezoard.  Bezoardic  medicines  are 
those  supposed  to  possess  the  same  properties 
with  the  bezoard;  as  antidotes,  ale.xiteria,  alexi- 
pharmics,  cordials. 

BEZOARDICA  RADIX,  Dorstenia  contra- 
yerva, 

BEZOAR'DICUM  SATUR'NI.  A  pharma- 
ceutical preparation,  regarded  by  the  ancients  as 
antihysteric.  It  was  formed  of  jirotoxide  of  lead, 
butter  of  antimony,  and  nitric  acid. 

BEzoAR'nicnsi  Hcma'num.  Urinary  calculi 
were  formerly  employed  under  this  name  as 
powerful  alexipharmics. 

Brzoau'dicum  JoviA'Li5.  A  sort  of  greenish 
powder,  used  as  a  diaphoretic,  and  formed  of  an- 
timony, tin,  mercury,  and  nitric  acid. 

BkzuAr'dicdm  Luna'pe.  A  medicine  formerly 
regarded  as  a  specific  in  epilepsy,  convulsions, 
megrim,  ko.  It  was  prepared  of  nitrate  of  sil- 
ver, and  butter  of  antimony. 

BrzoAR'Dicuir  Martia'lij.  A  tonic  medicine, 
nsed  by  the  ancients  in  diarrhoea.  It  was  pre- 
pared from  the  tritoxide  of  iron  and  butter  of 
antimony. 

Bkzoar'dictim  Mercuria'lk.  A  medicine, 
formerly  vaunted  as  an  antisyphilitic,  and  pre- 
pared from  the  mild  chloride  of  mercury,  butter 
cf  antimony,  and  nitric  acid. 

Bp.zoAR'Dicuir  Minera'le;  the  deutoxido  of 
antimony;  so  called  because  its  properties  were 
6U))posed  to  resemble  those  of  animal  bezoard. 

Bszoak'dicum  Sola'ee.    A  diaphoretic  medi- 


cine, prepared   of  gold  filings,  nitric   acid,  and 
butter  of  antimony. 

Bezoar'dioiim  Ven'erts.  A  pharmaceutical 
preparation,  formerly  employed  in  Icprn,  diseases 
of  the  brain,  <fee.;  which  was  made  from  filings 
of  copper,  butter  of  antimony,  and  nitric  acid. 

BIIANG,  Bangue. 

BI,  as  a  prefix  to  words,  has  the  same  signi- 
eation  as  l)i. 

BIAIOTIIANATI,  Biothanati, 

BIBERINE,  see  Bebeeru. 

BIBFRU,  Bebeeru. 

BIBITORIUS,  Rectus  internus  oenli. 

BlBLIOd'RAPlIY,  MED'ICAL,  from  Pi^Xinv, 
'a  book,'  and  ypa0w,  'I  describe.'  A  descri[)tion 
or  history,  or  skill  in  the  knowledge,  of  medical 
books.  The  most  distinguished  medical  biblio- 
graphers have  been  :  J.  A.  Van  df.r  Lindem, 
Auistelod.  Ifi62,  octavo,  (L.)  M.  Lii>enu's, 
Francf.  ad  Mcem.  1679,  fol.  (L.)  G.  A.  Merck- 
I.EIN,  Norimb.  1086,  (L.)  J.  J.  Manoet,  Genev. 
1695  to  17.31,  (L.)  Tarin  (anatomical),  Paris, 
175.'],  (P.)  A.  vox  IIaller,  Ziirich,  1774,  Ac, 
(L.)  ViGiLiis  vox  CRtiETZENFELD  (surgical), 
Vindob.  1781,  (L.)  C.  G.  Kuhx,  Lips.  1791,  (L.) 
C.  L.  Schweikard  (anat.,  phys.,  and  legal  medi- 
cine), Stuttgard,  1 796  to  1 800,  (L.)  G.  G.  Plouc- 
QUET,  Tubing.  1808  to  1814,  (L.)  C.  F.  Burdach, 
Gotha,  1810  to  1821,  (G.)  ,1.  S.  Ersch,  (since 
1750).  Leipz.  1822,  (G.)  Tn.  Cii.  Fr.  Ensux, 
(of  Germany,  since  1750.)  Berlin,  1826,  (G.) 
J.  B.  MoNTFALoox,  Paris,  1827,  (F.)  J.  Forbes, 
M.D.,  F.R.S.,  London,  18.35.  A.  C.  P.  Calli- 
SEX,  Copenhagen,  1845,  (G.)  E.  Morwitz,  Leip- 
zig, 1849,  (G.) 

BICAIIDALIS,  Retrahens  auris. 

BICAUDA'TUS,  «n«/a'^(«,  from  i/,  and  candn, 
'a  tail;'  'double- tailed.'  A  monster  having  two 
tails. 

BTCEPIIA'LIUM,  Dicepha'Unm.  A  hybrid 
word,  from  hi  and  Ktipa\ri,  'head.'  Sauvages  ap- 
plies this  epithet  to  a  very  large  sarcoma  on  the 
head,  which  seems  to  form  a  double  head. 

BTCEPHALUS,  Dicephalus. 

BICEPS,  from  bi,  and  caput,  'head.'  That 
which  has  two  heads.  This  name  has  been  par- 
ticularly given  to  two  muscles;  one  belonging  to 
the  arm,  the  other  to  the  thigh. 

Biceps  Exter'ncs  Miis'culus.  The  long  por- 
tion of  the  Triceps  Brachin'lis. — Douglas. 

Biceps  Flexor  Cruris,  B.  Cruris,  Biceps, 
(F.)  Biceps  Crural,  Biceps  JFerd'oris,  Is'chio-fem'- 
oro-peroiiier — (Ch.)  A  muscle  on  the  posterior 
part  of  the  thigh  ;  one  head  arising  from  the  tu- 
berosity of  the  ischium,  and  the  other  from  a 
groat  part  of  the  linea  aspera.  It  is  inserted  into 
the  top  of  the  fibula.  It  serves  to  bend  the  leg 
on  the  thigh. 

Biceps^  Flexor  Cu'biti,  Biceps,  B.  Bra'chii 
seu  nianvs  seu  inter'nus  seu  iiiter'nna  hii'meri, 
Cor'aco-radia'lis,  (P.)  Seapulo-radiaf,  (Ch.)— 
Biccp-i  Brachial.  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  ante- 
rior and  internal  part  of  the  arm ;  extending 
from  the  edge  of  the  glenoid  cavity  and  from  the 
top  of  the  coracoid  process  to  the  tuberosity  of 
the  radius.     It  bends  the  fore-arm  upon  the  arm. 

BWFIE  DE  MEll  Sea  Slv;j.  A  molluscous 
anmial,  belonging  to  the  genus  Ilolothuria,  which 
is  caught  amongst  the  islands  of  the  Feejee  group. 
New  Guinea,  <fec.,  and  when  prej)ared  finds  a 
ready  sale  in  China,  where  it  is  used  as  an  ingre- 
dient in  rich  soups. 

BfCHET,  Terra  Orleana. 

BlCHICiri^E,  probably  corrupted  from  M, 
Pvxoi,  'cough.'  Pectoral  medicines,  composed 
of  liquorice  juice,  sugar,  blanched  almonds,  Ac. 
— Rhazes. 

BICIIIOS,  Dracunculus. 

BICHO,  Dracunculus— b.  di  Culo,  Proctocaco, 


Bicnos 


127 


BINDWEED 


IBICnOS.     A  Portuguese  name  for  the  worms  ' 
that  petu'irate  the  toes  of  people  in  the  Inilies  ; 
and  which  are  destroyed  by  the  oil  of  the  cashew 
nut. 

UrCTP'ITAL,  from  hicepii  {hi  and  caput),  'two 
headed.'     llelating  to  the  biceps. 

Bicip'iTAT,  Groove,  (F.)  Coulinse  ou  Goutticre 
hii'ijiilalc,  CoidiuHe  hiimerale,  (Cn.,)  is  a  loni^itu- 
dinal  f;ri)ovo,  situate  between  the  tul)er()sities  of 
the  OS  humeri,  which  lodges  the  long  head  of  the 
biceps. 

BiCIP'lT.VL  Tu'bercI,K,  BlrJpitnl  tiiheros'iti/, 
(F.)  Tiihfrosite  hici/iltitic ;  a  prominence  near 
the  upper  extremity  of  the  radius,  to  which  the 
temlon  of  the  biceps  is  attached. 

niCORXH  liUDE,  Ditrachyceros. 

BICUS'PII),  Ih'ciixpida'tiis,  from  hi  and  cvupis, 
'a  spear.'  That  which  has  two  points  or  tuber- 
cles. 

Licrs'piT)  Truth,  Dentei  BicuRpidn'ti,  (F.) 
DentH  liiruKptdfen.  The  small  molarcs.  See  Molar. 

BIDDY,  Pedieulus. 

BIDEXS  ACMKLLA,  Spilanthus  acmclla. 

BIDKT,  (F.)  Jiidet  ;  pronounced  beedx;/.  A 
small  horse  formerly  allowed  to  each  trooi)er  for 
carrying  his  baggage.  Hence,  perhaps,  applied 
to  a  chamber  bathing  apparatus,  which  has  to  be 
bestridden.  It  is  a  useful  arrangement,  in  case 
of  hemorrhoids,  prolapsus  ani,  affections  of  the 
sexual  organs,  &c. 

BIKCIIO,  Bische. 

JilERE,  Cerevisia— t.  Medicinale,  see  Cerevi- 
sia. 

BIESTINGS,  Colostrum. 

lUFKMORO-CALCANlEN,  Gastrocnemii. 

BI'FURCATIOX,  Bifnt-cn'tlo,  from  hi  and 
fiircn.  'a  fork.'  Division  of  a  trunk  into  two 
branches;  as  the  hi/urcatioii  of  the  trachea, 
aorta,   Ac. 

BIGARADE,  see  Citrus  aurantium. 

BIGAl^TKH.  Digastricus. 

BKiBKLLIED.  Abdominous. 

BKi   BLOOM,  Magnolia  niacrophylla. 

BKJBOXE,  see  Kentucky,  Mineral  Waters  of. 

BIGPAUNCHED,  Abdominous. 

BIGEMINAL  BODIES,  Quadrigemina  tuber- 
cula. 

niGGAR.  A  disease  of  Bengal,  remarkable 
for  the  intensity  and  danger  of  the  cerebral 
symptoms.  —  Twining. 

BIG-LEAF,  Magnolia  macrophylla. 

BIGLESt,  see  Strabismus. 

BIGNO'NIA  CAPREOLA'TA,  5.  crncig"era; 
indigenous.  The  root  and  plant  are  employed, 
like  sarsaparilla,  in  infusion  and  decoction,  in 
syphilis,  chronic  rheumatism,  and  in  cachexias 
in  general. 

BiGNONi.4  Catat.pa,  Catalpa— b.  Crucigera,  B. 
capreolata. 

Bigno'nia  iN'riCA.  The  leaves  are  employed 
in  India,  as  emollients,  to  ulcers. 

BiGNONiA  Leucox'vt.on-,  Tnnnpet  tree.  A  South 
American  tree,  the  sap  of  which  is  the  surest  an- 
tidote against  the  manchineol. — Schleiden. 

BinxoxiA  Radicans,  Tecomaradicans — b.  Sem- 
pervirons,  Gelseminum  nitidum. 

r.T.TOX.  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

BIKII.  Aconitum  ferox. 

BILATE  OF  SODA,  PicromeL 

BIL\TER  \L  SYMMETRY,  see  Svmmetrv. 

BILAZ.\Y.  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Bila- 
7ay  is  a  town  in  France,  two  leagues  from  Thouar, 
department  of  Deux  Sevres,  near  which  is  a  ther- 
mal sulphureous  spring.     Temperature  about  77° 

Fahrenheit.  .„         ,      -n    i 

BILBERRY,    Yaccinium    myrtillus— b.    Red, 

Vaccinium  vitis  idita. 

BILE,  Bilia,  Fel,   Chol'os,   Chole,  Cholcr,  (F.) 


Bile,  FieJ.  A  yellow,  greenish,  viscid,  bitter, 
nauseous  fluid,  secreted  by  the  liver.  It  is  dis- 
tinguished into  hepatic  and  cystic ;  according  as 
it  flows  immediately  into  the  duodenum  from  the 
liver  or  from  the  gall-bladder.  It  contains,  ac- 
cording to  Muratori,  water;  a  peculiar  fatty 
matter;  colouring  matter  {Cholepi/r'rhin  or  Bili- 
phcp.'iii,  Matiire  Jaime  de  la  Bile;  cholcsterin, 
combined  with  soda;  picromcl  or  biliii ;  extract 
of  flesh,  mucus;  soda,  phosphate  of  soda;  phos- 
phate of  lime,  and  chloride  of  sodium. 

The  use  of  the  bile  is  to  remove  from  the  body 
superfluous  hydro-carbon  ;  and  it  is  j)robably  in- 
servient  to  useful  purposes  in  digestion. 

Bir>E,  Furunculus  —  b.  Black,  Atrabilis  —  h.  de 
Bci'iif,  see  Bile — h.  Bepantlne,  Icterus. 

Bile  op  the  Bear,  Gall  of  the  Bear,  Fel  Umi, 
was  thought  to  be  anti-epileptic  ; 'and  that  of  the 
Eel,  Fel  a7i(juil'l(B,  to  facilitate  labour. 

Bile  of  the  Ox,  Gall  of  the  Ox,  Ox  Gall,  Fel 
Taiiri  seu  Boris  seu  Bovi'unm,  (F.)  Bile  ou  Fiel 
ou  Atner  de  Bieuf,  was  once  reputed  cosmetic  and 
detergent,  anti-otalgic  and  emmenagogue;  as 
well  as  to  possess  the  power  of  facilitating  labour. 
It  has  also  been  given  as  a  bitter  stomachic  and 
anthelmintic;  and  as  a  tonic  and  laxative,  in 
cases  of  deficiency  of  the  biliary  secretion. 

Bile  op  the  Swine,  Bilis  porei'ua,  inspissated, 
has  been  used  in  the  same  cases  as  the  bile  of 
the  ox. 

BIL'IARY,  Bilia' ris,  Bilia' riiis,  Fel'leua, 
(F.)  Biliaire.     That  which  relates  to  bile. 

Bil'iahy  Appaua'tus,  JL  onjans,  B.  passar/es. 
The  collection  of  parts  that  concur  in  the  secre- 
tion and  excretion  of  bile  —  viz.,  the  liver,  pori 
biliari  or  tubuli  biliferi ;  hepatic,  cystic,  and 
choledoch  ducts,  and  gall-bladder. 

Bii/iARY  Conciie'tions  are  concretions  found 
in  some  parts  of  the  biliary  apparatus. 

BiLiAuy  Ducts,  Pori  biliarii. 

BlIAEUX,  Bilious. 

BILIA'TION,  Bilia'tio;  from  hilis,  'bile.' 
The  excretion  of  bile;  as  urination  means  the 
excretion  of  urine. 

BILIFUL'VINE;  from  hilis,  'bile,'  and /«;. 
viis,  'reddish  yellow.'  The  colouring  matter  of 
the  bile  of  the  ox. — Berzelius. 

BILIMBI,  Averrhoa  bilimbi. 

BILIMBING  TERES,  Averrhoa  bilimbi. 

BILTN,  PicromeL 

BIL'IOUS,  Bilio'sus,  Cliol'iexis,  Chnl'i„8,  Fel- 
lin'eiis,  Ej)ich'(dos,  Picroeh'olus,  Fel'leus,  (F.) 
Bilieu.v;  from  hilis,  'bile.'  That  which  relates 
to  bile,  contains  bile,  or  is  produced  by  bile.  An 
epithet  given  to  certain  constitutions  and  diseases, 
which  are  believed  to  be  the  effect  of  superabun- 
dance of  the  biliary  secretion;  as  Bilious  tempe- 
ramriit,  B.  symptoms,  B.  fever, 

BILIPIItEIN,  see  Bile. 

BILIS  FLUXIO,  Cholera  morbus. 

BILITICUS,  Cholagogue. 

BILIVERD'IN,  from  hilis,  'bile,'  and  viridis, 
'green.'  On  adding  an  acid  to  a  solution  of  the 
yellow  colouring  matter  of  bile,  a  precipitate  of 
green  flocculi  takes  place,  which  possesses  all  the 
properties  of  chlorophyll,  or  the  green  colouring 
matter  of  leaves.  This  is  the  hiliverdin  of  Ber- 
zelius. 

BILNA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF,  see  Pullna. 

BILOCULAR.  see  Unilocular. 

BTLFMni  BITING-BING,  Mains  Indica. 

BI'MAXUS,  from  hi  and  mainis.  'a  hand.' 
One  that  has  two  hands.  A  term  applied  only 
to  man.  because  he  is  the  sole  mammif'erous  ani- 
mal that  possesses  two  perfect  hands. 

BIXDER.  Bandage. 

BIXDERS.  OBSTETRIC,  see  Belt,  Russian. 

BINDWEED.  Polygonum  aviculare  — b.  Fid- 
dle-leaved,  Convolvulus  panduratus  —  b.  Great, 


BINDWOOD 


128 


BISMUTH 


Convolvulus  gepium  —  b.  Iledoie,  Convolvulus 
sepiuui  —  h.  Liivender-leaveil,  Convolvulus  Can- 
tabric;i — h.  Sea,  Cdiivolvulus  soldauclla — b.  Vir- 
ginian. Cdnviilvulus  pan<lurattfs. 

BIXDWOOD.  Ileiiera  helix. 

BIXICniirM15A.  Phyllanthus  urinaria. 

BIXOC'UIiAR,  Biuitciila'n's :  same  etymon  as 
tbe  next,  lli'lating  to  or  affeetinp;  both  eyes' — as 
'binociildr  ii-.iiin' — vision  with  both  eyes;  or  from 
impressions  made  upon  both  retinae,  which  are 
amalijimiiited  into  iii)ii/le  vision. 

Bl'XOC'ULUS,  Biii'ocle,  Diophthnl'mica  Fan' - 
cio.  Or' nils  diiph.e,  from  hi  and  ociilioi,  'an  ej'e.' 
(F.)  CEi!  double.  A  bandage  applied  over  both 
eyes.  It  was  also  formerly  called  Divplithnl'- 
miis. 

BIN'SICA.  A  Rabbinical  terra  for  disorder 
of  the  mind.  Accordinp;  to  Van  IIelmont,  an 
atrophy  of  the  orjran  of  imagination. 

BIOCIIYMIA,  Chymistry,  vital. 

BlOI).  Vis  vitalis. 

BIODYNAM'ICS,  Bindynam'ica,  Biodynam'- 
ice,  Bionoph'ia,  frcnn  /Sio;,  'life,'  and  ivvafus, 
'power,'  'force.'  The  doctrine  of  the  vital  ac- 
tivity or  forces. 

BIOGAMIA,  Mac^netism,  animal. 

BIOL'OGY,  from  /?(0f,  'life,'  and  Xoyo;,  'a  de- 
scription.' The  doctrine  of  life  or  of  living  bo- 
dies.— Physiology.  "  Biolnr/icnl  phenomena"  are 
those  presented  by  living  bodies. 

B  1 0  L  Y  C  H  '  N  1 0  N,  Biolych'mnm,  from  /?iof , 
'life,'  and  \vxvtov.  'a  lamp.'  Innate  heat,  vital 
heat,  animal  heat.  Lych'niMn,  Lychnid'itim, 
TherwHin  em'phi/tum,  Fhvnma  seu  Flam'mrda 
vita'tifi  seu  cordis.  Also,  a  secret  preparation  of 
which  Bkoitn'  and  BuncuAVE  make  mention. 

BIOLYSIS,  see  Biolytic. 

BIOLYT'IC,  Bio/i/t'icits,-  from  /?(o?,  'life,' and 
>t)ff(f,  '  solution.'  Relating  to  the  destruction  of 
life.  A  'bioh/fic  agent'  is  one  that  tends  to 
liol'i/sis.  or  destruction  of  life.  A  depressing 
agent. — Rchnltz. 

BI0.-\1AGNETISMUS,  Magnetism,  animal. 

BIONO.-MY,  Phvsiologv. 

BIOPII^ENOMENOLOGTA,  Physiology. 

BIOS,  (iias.  Life.  Also,  what  is  necessary  for 
the  preservation  of  life. 

BIOSOPIIIA,  Biodynamics. 

BIOSTATICS,  Statistics,  medical. 

BIOTAX'Y,  Taxon'omij,  from  /3iof,  'life,'  and 
rafif,  -order,  arrangement.'  The  arrangement  or 
co-ordination  of  living  organisms,  according  to 
their  external  characters. 

BIOTK.  Life. 

BIOTHAN'ATI.  nimofhmi'nti,  from  /Sioj, 
'life,'  and  ^avaroi,  '  death.'  Those  who  die  of  a 
violent  denth  very  suddenly,  or  as  if  there  was 
no  space  between  life  and  death. 

BIOTIC.  Vital. 

BIOTICS,  Plivsiology. 

BIOTOMIA.  Vivisection. 

BIOTOS.  Life. 

BIPARl'ETAL,  Bipnrieta'Iio,  (F.)  Biparie- 
tnl,  from  hi  and  pnrietale  (os),  'the  parietal  bone.' 
An  epithet  for  the  diameter  of  the  cranium  from 
one  parietal  fossa  to  the  other. 

BIPARIETAL  SUTURE.  Sagittal  suture. 

BIPIX'NA,  from  hi,  and  pinna,  'a  wing- 
feather.'  A  term  used  by  the  ancients  for  a 
diminutive  penis,  not  exceeding  in  size  two 
quills. 

BIR,  Thorax. 

BIRA.  Cerevisia, 

BIRCH,  Retiila  alba— b.  Black,  Betula  lenta— 
b.  Cherrr,  Betula  lenta — b.  Sweet,  Betula  lenta. 

BIRDS'  BREAD.  Sedum  acre. 

BIRDS'  NEST,  Ilypopitys  lanuginosa. 

BIRK,  Betula  alba. 

BIRTII,  Parturition  —  b.  Cross,  Presentation, 


preternatural — b.  Live,  see  Born  alive — b.  Plural, 
see  MultiparouH. 

BIRTliWOUT,  Aristolocbia— b.  Snakeroot, 
Aristolocliia  ser])entaria. 

BISCHE,  Biecho.  A  malignant  kind  of  dy- 
sentery, which  often  prevails  in  the  island  of 
Trinidad. 

BISCUIT,  Biseoc'tus;  bis,  'twice,'  and  coctiis, 
'baked,'  (F.)  his  and  ciiit,  'twice  baked.'  A 
kind  of  dry,  hard  bread,  or  cake,  which  is  va- 
riously made;  and,  when  without  eggs  or  butter, 
is  easy  of  digestion.  It  was  formerly  called  JJi- 
pyri'tes,  and  Di'pyros.  MKr)lc"iNAL  on  Mi;i)'i. 
CATUD  Biscuits,  (F.)  Biscuits  Medivindu.c,  Musse- 
paiiis,  Macarons,  are  occasionally  made  by  add- 
ing to  biscuit  paste  a  medicinal  solution  or 
powder,  and  baking  the  mass. 

BISCUIT,  MEAT.  An  alimentarj'  prepara- 
tion, proposed  by  Jlr.  G.  Borden,  Jr.,  of  Texas, 
which  consists  in  combining  the  matters,  ex- 
tracted from  meat  by  boiling,  with  flour,  so  as  to 
form  biscuits;  which  keep  well,  and  are  of  course 
nutritive. 

BISCUITS  MEDICINA  UX,  see  Biscuit. 

BISERMAS,  Salvia  sclarea. 

BISFERIENS,  Dicrotus. 

BISII,  Aeonituin  ferox. 

BISHOP'S  WEED,  Ammi. 

BISLINGUA,  Ruscus  hypoglossum. 

BISMALVA,  Althjea. 

BISMUTH,  Aiitimo'ninm  aJbi/m,  CJioI'citm, 
Lnna  imperfcc'tci,  Stannnm  (jlncia'le  seu  cine'rciim, 
B  ism  n't /ill  III,  Wisinu'thiim,  Bei/nliis  of  Jiis'iinitli, 
Mcircuei'ln,  Tin  (jlnss,  (F.)  Einin  gris,  E.  de 
Glace.  A  metal,  in  spieular  plates,  of  a  yel- 
lowish-white colour;  s.  gr.  9.822  ;  fusible  at  40(1° 
Fahrenheit,  and  volatilizable  at  a  high  tempera- 
ture. It  is  used  only  in  the  preparation  of  the 
subnitrate. 

Bismuth,  Nitrate  op,  Bismuth,  Subnitrate  of 
— b.  Oxide  of.  Bismuth,  Subnitrate  of— b.  Oxide 
of,  white.  Bismuth,  Subnitrate  of— b.  Regulus  of, 
Bismuth. 

Bismuth,  Subnitrate  of,  Bismv'tJii  svhni'ims 
seu  JVifras,  Jllarcasi'ta  alba,  Plnmbim  ciiie'reum, 
Ulagiste'rinm  Marcasi'tm  seu  Bismnthi,  liismii'- 
tlium  Nit'ricum  seu  Siihnit'ricnm,  Kitras  Snhbis- 
nin'tJiicnm,  Ca/x  Vismu'thi.  Bismn'thiim  oxydidii'- 
tum  album,  Bismnthiim,  ulhnm,  Siibaz'otns  hismn'- 
ticns.  Oxide  of  Bismnth,  Nitrate  of  Bismuth, 
White  Bismnth,  Trisnitrate  of  Bismuth,  White 
Oxide  of  Bismuth.  3!arj"istery  of  Bismnth,  Pearl 
White,  Spanish  White.  (F.)  'Sonsnitrate  ou  soiis- 
azotnte  de  bismnth.  Oxide  hlanc  de  B.,  Bhnic  de 
ford,  Blanc  de  perle.  (Bismnth.  in  frnstulis,  ^j. 
Acid  nitric,  f  ^ij.  Aq.  deslill.  q.  s.  Mix  a  fluid- 
ounce  of  distilled  water  with  the  nitric  acid,  and 
dissolve  the  bismuth  in  the  mixture.  When  the 
solution  is  complete,  pour  the  clear  li(|uor  into 
three  pints  of  distilled  water,  and  set  the  mixture 
by,  that  the  powder  may  subside.  Lastly,  having 
poured  ofi"  the  supernatant  fluid,  wash' the  sub- 
nitrate of  bismuth  with  distilled  water,  wrap  it 
in  bibulous  paper,  and  dry  with  a  gentle  heat. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  considered  to  be  tonic  and 
antispasmodic,  and  has  been  chiefly  used  in 
gastrodynia. 

Bismuth,  Trisnitrate  of,  Bismuth,  sub- 
nitrate of. 

Bismuth,  Vat.e'rianate  of,  Bismn'thi  vnleri- 
a'nas,  Bismn'thum  raUriiin'icnm.  Prepared  by 
mixing  a  neutral  solution  of  oxide  of  bismuth  in 
nitric  acid,  with  valerianate  of  soda  ;  washing, 
and  drying  the  precipitate.  Used  in  g.nstrodynin, 
chronic  gastralgia,  neuralgia,  and  chronic  palpi- 
tation, as  a  nervine.  Dose,  i  a  grain  to  2  "rains, 
three  or  four  times  a  day,  in  pill. 

BiS-MUTii,  White,  Bisinuth,  suianitrate  of. 


BISMUTIII   NITRAS 


]29 


BL.ESOPODES 


BTSMUTIir  NITRAS.  Bismuth,  subnitrate 
of — I).  Valoriiiniis,  Bismuth,  valerianate  of. 

BISMUTllUM.  Bismuth— b.  Album.  Bismuthi 
subnitnis — b.  Nitricum,  Bismuth,  subnitrate  of — 
b.  Oxyilulatuin  album,  Bismuth,  subnitrate  of — 
b.  Subnitric-um,  Bismuth,  subnitrate  of — b.  Vale- 
rianicum,  Bismuth,  valerianate  of. 
BISPIRU.S,  Dipnoos. 
BIS.SUM,  Hydrangea  arborescens. 
BISTORT,  OFFICINAL,  Polygonum  bistorta 
— b.  \'irL'inian,  Polygonum  virgininnum. 

BIST'iRTA,  Polygonum  bistorta. 

JilSTOllTE,  Polygonum  bistorta. 

n/STO/lTIER,  (F.)  A  name  given  by  the 
Phiinit'ici'eii  to  a  long  wooden  pestle  used  for 
reducing  soft  substances  to  powder,  and  in  the 
preparation  of  electuaries. 

lilSTOURI,  (¥.)  Pislorten'sia  yln'dim,  Scnl- 
pcl'lns,  Scnl'pcnm,  Din'tonnj.  A  small  cutting- 
knife,  u.sed  in  surgery,  —  so  called,  according  to 
lluet,  from  the  town  of  Pistori,  which  was  for- 
merly celebrated  for  the  manufacture  of  those 
instruments.  A  bistoury  has  the  form  of  a  small 
knife,  aTid  is  composed  of  a  blade  and  a  handle. 
The  blade,  which  is  most  commonly  movable  in 
the  handle,  maybe  fixed  by  a  button,  spring,  &c. 
When  fixed  in  the  handle,  the  bistouri  is  called 
by  the  French.  li.  il  lame  fixe  ou  dormnnte. 

The  chief  bistouries  are: — 1.  The  straight  B. 
(F.)  n.  droit,  in  which  the  blade  and  cutting 
eilge  are  straight,  the  point  being  fine,  round,  or 
square.  2.  The  convex  B.  (F.)  /L  convene  ;  the 
blade  of  which  is  convex  at  the  cutting  edge, 
concave  at  the  back.  3.  The  concavb  B.  (F.) 
B.  concave  ;  the  blade  of  which  is  Concave  at  its 
edge,  and  convex  at  the  back.  4.  Bmint-pointeb 
B.  (F.)  7i.  bniitoini^ ;  the  blade  of  which  has  a 
button  at  its  extremity.  5.  The  blunt  or  probe- 
pointed  BisTOi'Ry  OF  Pott;  concave  at  its  cut- 
ting edge,  and  its  point  blunt;  so  that  it  can  be 
carried  on  the  palmar  surface  of  the  index  finger, 
to  divide  the  stricture,  in  strangulated  hernia. 
Sir  Astlcy  Cooper  has  recommended  a  useful 
modification  of  this,  to  avoid  wounding  the  intes- 
tine, shoulil  it  come  in  contact  with  the  edge  of 
the  knife.  His  Bistoury  has  an  edge  of  not  more 
than  eight  lines  in  length,  situate  about  five  lines 
from  the  point.  6.  Bistouri  a  la  lime,  (F.)  is 
a  straight  bistoury  ;  the  blade  fixed  in  the  handle, 
the  extremity  with  a  button,  and  the  edge  made 
with  a  file.  It  is  chiefly  used  for  dilating  parts. 
7.  Bistouri  Royal,  (F.)  A  Bistouri  used  in  ope- 
rating upon  Louis  XIV.,  for  fistula  in  ano.  8. 
BiSTOUiu  GASTRiQtiE.  (F.)  A  Complicated  instru- 
ment, invented  by  Alorand,  for  dilating  wountls 
of  the  abdomen.  9.  Bistouri  caciik,  7?.  heniiaiie, 
ou  Atlrdpc-loiirdaiid  de  liieiiiKiiie,  Forceps  de- 
cepto'rid.  A  curveil  bistouri,  the  blade  of  which 
is  placed  in  a  canula,  whence  it  issues  on  pressing 
a  spring. 

The  word  Jiistonri  is  used  by  the  French,  at 
times,  where  we  would  employ  knife. 

BITCH-DAIKJHTER.  Incubus. 

BITNOIiKN.  Salt  of  nitii'meii,  Padnoon,  Son- 
chcrlooii,  Kliala  miinuc.  A  white,  saline  sub- 
Stance,  which  is  a  Hindoo  preparation  of  great 
antiquity,  and  has  been  supposed  to  be  the  Sal 
anphalti'tes  and  S((l  Sodome'niis  of  the  ancients. 
It  is  used  by  the  Hindoo  in  the  prevention  or 
cure  of  almost  all  diseases. 

BITIIXIMAl/CA,  Gan'terannr.  Two  unmean- 
ing words,  used  by  Dolaeus,  to  designate  an  active 
principle  supposed  to  have  its  seat  in  the  stomach, 
and  to  pre-iide  over  chymification,  &c. 

BITIOS  DE  KIS,  Proctocace. 

BITTER,  Amarus  —  b.  Bark,  Pinckneya  pu- 

hens  —  b.   Bloom,  Chironia  angularis  —  b.  Holy, 

Hiera  picra  —  b.  Iledberry.  Cornus  Florida  —  b. 

Root,    Apocynum    androsaemifoliuui,    Gcntiana 

9 


Catesbaci,  Menyanthes  verna  —  b.  Sweet  night- 
shade, Solanum  Dulcamara  —  b.  Sweet  vine,  So- 
lanum  Dulcamara — b.  Welter's,  Acid,  earba/.utic. 

BIT'TERNESS,vln(flrrj'<H't/o,  Amarit'ips,  Aiiut'- 
ror,  Pi'cria,  (F.)  Amertume.  A  particular  taste, 
which  belongs  to  many  substances.  In  some 
diseases  there  is  a  sense  of  bitterness  felt  in  the 
mouth. 

BITTERS,  COLUMBO,  Tinctura  Calumbce  — 
b.  Spirit,  Tinctura  gentian®  composita — b.  Wine, 
Vinum  gentianao  compositum. 

BITTERSWEET,  Solanum  dulcamara. 

BITTERWEED,  Ambrosia  trifida. 

BITTERWOOD  TREE,  Quassia. 

BITTOS.  A  disease,  in  which  the  chief  symp- 
tom is  an  acute  pain  in  the  anus. — Chomel. 

BITUME  DE  JUDEE,  Asphaltum. 

BITUMEN,  GLUTINOUS,  Pissasphaltum  — 
b.  Judaicum,  Asphaltum  —  b.  of  Judwa,  Asphal- 
tum^b.  Petroleum,  Petrolasnm — b.  Malta,  Pi.ssas- 
phaltum — b.  Salt  of,  Bitnoben— b.  Solidum,  As- 
phaltum. 

BIVENTER,  Digastricus  — b.  Cervicis,  Corn- 
plexus  musculus — b.  Maxillfe,  Digastricus. 

BIVENTRAL  LOBE  OF  THE  CEREBEL- 
LUM, see  Lobe,  biventral. 

BIXA  AMERICANA,  see  Terra  Orleana  — b. 
Orleana,  see  Terra  Orleana — b.  Orellana,  see 
Terra  Orleana. 

BLABK,  Wound. 

BLACCIyE,  Rubeola. 

BLACIA,  Debility. 

BLACKBERRY,  AMERICAN,  see  Rubus 
fruticosus  —  b.  High  or  Standing,  see  Rubus  fru- 
ticosus. — b.  Low,  Rubus  trivialis. 

BLACK  BOTTLE,  see  Infusum  Sennaj. 

BLACK  DOSE,  see  Infusum  Sennce. 

BLACK  DRAUGHT,  see  Infusum  Sennse. 

BLACK  DROP,  Gutt»  nigrse. 

BLACK  LION.  A  term  given  to  a  sloughing 
syphilitic  ulcer,  under  which  the  British  soldiers 
suffered  greatly  in  Portugal. 

BLACK  ROOT,  Aletris  farinosa,  Pterocaulon 
pycnosta^'hvum.  Leptandria  purpurea. 

BLACKAVATER,  Pyrosis. 

BLACTIiE,  Rubeola. 

BLADDA.  Buttermilk. 

BLADDER,  Urinary  Bladder. 

Bladder,  F  ascic' ul  ated.  A  condition 
of  the  bladder  in  which  the  interior  of  the 
organ  is  marked  by  strong  reticulated  ridges  or 
columns. 

Bladder,  Gall,  see  Gall  Bladder — b.  Irrita- 
ble. Cysterethismus. 

Bladder,  Sac'culated.  A  condition  of  the 
bladder,  in  which  the  mucous  coat  protrudes 
through  the  muscular,  so  as  to  produce  a  hernia, 
which  may  go  on  increasing,  so  as  to  form  a 
vm'ical  sac'ctdiia  or  appen'di.r  rpni'ccp.. 

Bladder,  Swim,  Air  bladder — b.  Urinary,  see 
Urinary  Bladder. 

BLADEBONE,  Scapula. 

BLADOCH.  Buttermilk. 

BLADON  SPRINGS.  Mineral  springs  in 
Alabama,  about  85  miles  from  Mobile,  which  are 
said  to  be  similar  in  composition  to  those  of  Selt- 
zer, Spa,  and  Aix-la-Chapelle,  of  Europe. 

BLADUM,  Ble. 

BLAEBERRY,  Vaccinium  myrtillns. 

BL.^'SIT.\S,  Blwsa  lini/iin.  Someauthors  have 
used  this  word  as  synonymous  with  stammering. 
See  Balbuties.  Sauvages  understands  by  it  a 
defect  in  pronunciation,  which  consists  in  substi- 
tuting soft  consonants  for  those  that  are  hard; 
as  the  z  for  s,  the  d  for  t,  the  s  for  G  and  j,  Ac. 
Also,  Lisping,  Tratdin'miis,  Trau'lotes,  (F.)  Ble- 
siti,  Blc  (parlcr). 

BLiESOPODES,  see  Kyllosis. 


BL^SOPUS 


130 


BLENNOGENOUS 


EL.ESnpUS,  see  Kyllosis. 
1;L.K8US.  a  distortion;  especially  the  out- 
vriud  (listoition  of  the  le<;s.  Also,  a  stoimnerer. 
BLAFARD,  (Y.)  PaVlidns,  PnlUd'ulus.  This 
epitl'.ctis  soojctiuics  given  to  the  skin,  when  pale 
and  dull ;  but,  most  frequently,  to  the  flesh  of  a 
wound,  when  it  has  lost  its  colour,  and  become 
white.  The  word  is,  also,  sometimes  used  syno- 
l.ymously  with  Albino. 

DLAIN,  (Sax.)  blejene.  Bleine.  A  pustule;  a 
botch  ;  a  blister.  In  Scotland,  a  mark  left  by  a 
wound  ;  the  discolouring  of  the  skin  after  a  sore. 
— Jauiieson. 

BLAK  OF  THE  EIE,  Pupil. 
BLAXO  D' ARGENT,  Plurabi  subcarbonas— 
I.  fie  Balchie,  Cetaeeum  —  h.  de  Cerua^e,  Plumbi 
subcarbonas  —  b.  de  Crems,  Plumbi  subcarbonas 
—  b.  de  Fnrd,  Bismuth,  subnitrate  of — b.  de 
Kreniiiitz,  Plumbi  subcarbonas  —  /).  de  Krenm, 
Plumbi  subcarbonas  —  b.  de  I'CEil,  Sclerotic  —  6. 
d'(Eitf,  Albumen  ovi — b.  de  Perle,  Bismuth,  sub- 
nitrate  of — b.  de  Plomb,  Plumbi  subcarbonas — b. 
de  Zinc,  Zinci  oxvdum. 

BLANC-.V ANGER  (f .),   Cibus  alhis,  Leuco- 
ph(i'(jiinn,  Leiicoph'(it/iim,  Argi/rotroplie'ma.     An 
animal  jelly,  so  called  on  account  of  its  colour, 
combined  with  an  emulsion  of  sweet  ahnonds,  to 
which  sugar  has  been  added,  and  some  aromatic. 
It  is  sometimes  prescribed  as  a  nutriment  in  con- 
valescence and  chronic  diseases. 
BLANC-RAISIN,  Blanc  Rhazis. 
BLANC  RIIAZIS,  Blane-raisiu.    An  ointment 
composed  of  cerusa,  white  wax,  and  olive  oil. 
BLANCA,  Plumbi  subcarbonas. 
BLANCH,    from    (F.)    blanchir,    'to    whiten, 
to  bleach.'     To  whiten  by  depriving  of  the  outer 
rind;  as  'to  blanch,  almonds:'  i.e.  to  peel  them. 
BLANCHET,  (F.)  A  blanket.     A  term  given 
by    the    French     Pharmacions    to     the     woollen 
strainer   through    which    they  filter   syrup    and 
other  thick  fluids.     See,  also,  Aphthas. 

BLANCHING,  Etiolation  — b.  of  the  hair. 
Canities. 

BLANCNON  ORIBASII,  Polypodium  filix 
mas. 

BLAS  An  unmeaning  term  invented  by  Van 
Ileluiont  to  designate  a  kind  of  movement  in  the 
body  :  at  times,  local, — at  others,  under  extrane- 
ous influence.  Thus,  he  speaks  of  the  Bias  mete- 
oros  of  the  heavenly  bodies,  and  the  Bias  huma'- 
iiiim.  that  which  operates  in  man. 
Blas  Alterativl'm,  Plastic  force. 
BLASE,  (F.)  'cloyed.'  An  epithet  given  to 
one  whom  the  abuse  of  enjoyment  has  prevented 
from  any  longer  deriving  satisfaction  or  pleasure 
from  it. 

BLAST,  Conta'gio,  (Sax.)  blaj-r,  (G.)  hi  a  sen, 
'to  blow.'  The  infection  of  any  thing  pestilen- 
tial.    The  stroke  of  some  sudden  plague. 

BLASTE'MA,  Blnste'sis,  (P.)  Blanthne,  from 
/3,\a(r7-«('w,  'I  bud.'  A  germ.  The  sense  of  this 
word,  which  is  often  used  by  Hippocrates,  is  ob- 
scure. Castelli  thinks  it  means  the  eruption  of 
some  morbific  principle  at  the  surface  of  the  body. 
Also,  the  matrix  or  general  formative  element  of 
tissues. 

Blastema  Pili,  see  Hair. 

BLAS'TEMAL,  Blastema' Us.    Relating  or  ap- 
pertaining to  a  blastema, — as  'bluatemnl  forma- 
tions,' those  that  are  formed  from  a  blastema. 
BLASTOCARDIA,  see  Molecule. 
BLASTODEKMA,  see  Molecule. 
BLATTA  BYZAN'TIA,  Umjnis  odora'tm,  (F.) 
Blatte  de  Bi/zance.     This  name  seems,  formerly, 
to  have  been  given  to  a  marine  production  from 
some  of  the  Conchylia.     It   had    an    agreeable 
smell,  a  reddish  tint,  and  the  shape  of  a  nail.    It 
was  prescribed  in  epilepsy,  hysteria,  and  hepatic 
obstructions.     Rondelct  aiSrms,  that  it  was  the 


production  of  the  shell-fish  murex  or  purpura  ; 
and  that  the  name  Blatta  is  derived  from  the 
Greek  jiXarroi,  'purple.' 

BLA  VELLE,  Centaurea  cyanus. 
liLA  VEOLE,  Centaurea  cyanus.  : 

BLA  VEROLLE,  Centaurea  cyanus. 
BLAWING,  Swelling. 
BLAWORT,  Centaurea  cyanus. 
BLAZING-STAR,  Chamaelirium   luteum,  Li- 
atris. 

BLE.  Bladwn.  This  word  answers,  in  France, 
to  the  word  Cam  in  England;  i.  e.  any  kind  of 
grain  employed  for  making  bread.  Wheat  being 
most  commonly  used  for  this  purpose,  Ble  is 
sometimes  restricted  to  this.  Ble  meteil  is  a 
mixture  of  wheat  and  rye. 

BLE  CORNU,'ET'^ot—b.  d'Espagne,  Zea  miiys 
—  b.  d'/talie,  Zea  mays  —  b.  3leleil,  sec  Ble  — 
b.  Noir,  Polygonum  fagopyrum  —  b.  de  Ttinpde, 
Zea  mays. 

BLE  (P ABLER,)  Blaesitas. 
BLEABERRY,  Vaccinium  myrtillus. 
BLEACHING,  Dealbation— b.  Liquid,  Eau  de 
Javelle. 

BLEAREBNESS,  Lippitudo. 
BLEAR. EYE,  Lippitudo. 
BLEAR-EYED,  Lippus. 
BLEAR-EYEDNESS,  Lippitudo. 
BLEB,  Bulla. 

BLECHNON,  Polypodium  filix  mas. 
BLECHNUM     LIlJNIFOLIUM,    Asplenium 
Scolopendrium  —  b.  Squamosum,  Asplenium  ce- 
terach. 

BLECIIROPYRA,  see  Blechros. 
BLECHROPYRUS,  Typhus  raitior. 
BLECHROS,    fiXnxi'o^'    'weak,    feeble,    slow.' 
An   epithet  applied   to   different   affections,  and 
particularly   to  fevers.      Hence   Blechrop'yra,  'a 
slow  fever:'   Blfchro-iphi/g'niia,  'a  slow  pulse.' 
BLECHROSPHYGM'IA,  see  Blechros. 
BLEB,  Corn — b.  Avorte,  Ergot — h.  Farouche, 
Ergot. 

ijLEDOCH,  Buttermilk. 
BLEEDING,  Bloodletting,  Haemorrhagia. 
BLEEDING  FROM  Till':  NOSE,  Epistaxis. 
BLEEDING  HEART,  Cypripedium  luteum— 
b.  Boist.  Cupping  glass. 
BLEIB,  Bulla. 
BLEJNE,  Blain. 

BLEME,  (F.)     This  word  has  nearly  the  same 
signification  as  Blafard.     Generally,  however,  it 
includes,  also,  emaciation  of  the  countenance. 
BLENCYSTORRIIEE,  Cystirrhoea. 
BLENNA,  Mucus — b.  Narium,  Nasal  mucus. 
BLENNADENI'TIB,    from    fiXcwa,    'mucus,' 
ahriv,  'a  gland,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  mucous  follicles. 

BLENNELYT'RIA,  from  ^Xcvva,  'mucus,'  and 
tAurpoj/.  'a  sheath.'  A  discharge  of  mucus  from 
the  vagina.     Leucorrhoea. — Alibert. 

BLENNEM'ESIS.       Blcnnoem' esis,      Vom'itna 
pitiu'to'siis,    from    (iXcvva,    '  mucus,'    and    tfitcii, 
'vomiting.'     Vomiting  of  mucus. 
BLENNENTERIA,  Dysentery. 
BLENNLSTH'MIA.fn.m  jiXcwa,  'mucus,' and 
la^lios,    '  the   gullet.'     Increased    flow  of  mucus 
from  the  pharynx  and  larynx. — Alibert. 
BLENNOcilEZIA,  Diarrhoea,  mucous.  ' 
BLENNOCYSTIDES,  Bursae  mucosa. 
BLENNOCYSTl TE,  Cystirrhoea. 
BLENNODES,  Muciform. 
BLENNOKMESIS,  Blennemesis. 
BLENNOG"ENOUS,  Blcnm„j"enus,  Muelfk, 
Mnci/'iftis,  from  ^iXtvvn,  'mucus,'  and  yivvaw,  'I 
form.'    Forming  or  generating  mucus.    Breschet 
and  lloussel  de  Vauzeme  describe  an  apparatus 


BLENNOIDES 


181 


BLIGHT   IN   THE   EYE 


of  this  kind  for  the  secretion  of  the  mucous  mat- 
ter that  constitutes  the  cuticle,  composed  of  a 
ghinduhir  parenchyma  or  organ  of  sctretion  situ- 
iite  in  the  substance  of  the  true  skin,  and  of 
rxcrotory  ducts,  which  issue  from  the  organ, 
!ind  <leposite  the  mucous  matter  between  the 
papilhc. 

BLKNNOTDES.  Muciform. 

BLENNQri)l>;U.S,  Muciform. 

in.KNXOMETHITIS,  see  Leucorrhoea. 

BLENNOPllTIIALMIA,  Ophthalmia,  (puru- 
lent.) 

]5LENN0P'TYSIS,  from  fiXcvva,  and  tttvuj,  'I 
fpit.'     Expectoration  of  mucus.     Catarrh. 

I'.LENNOP'YRA,  BU-iDiopu'ri,,,  from  ^Xivva, 
and  vup,  'fire.'  Alibcrt  has  classed,  under  this 
head,  various  fevers  with  mucous  complications; 
as  Mi'sciiterif  fi-rer,  AdeUD-iiieniii'/eal  fever,  &c. 

BLENNOliRHAGIA,  Gonorrhoea— b.  Genita- 
liuni,  Eeucorrha>a — b.  Notha,  Gonorrhoea  spuria 
— 1>.  S[iuria,  (ionorrhoea  spuria. 

1;LENN0RIUIAG"IC,  nicnnorrhmficm,  (F.) 
Jl/ciiiion-lifti/ii/iie,  from  fi\evva,  'mucus,'  and 
ptjyvvni,  'I  break  forth.'  RehUing  or  appertain- 
ing to  blcnnorrhagia  or  gonorrhoea. 

IJr.EXNOitmiAGic  Epididymitis,  Hernia  humo- 
ralis. 

nr.EXXOIlRHAGTE  FAUSSE,  Gonorrhoea 
spuria — h.  (Ill  (ilinid.  Gonorrhoea  spuria. 

BL ENSORUUiiE,  Blennorrhoea. 

BLKNNORKHTNIA,  Coryza. 

BLENXORRHCE'A,  Jikmwr'rlioe,  Bleimor- 
rhii(j"in,  I'h/eijiiiorrhie'a,  J'hleymorihag"ia,  (P.) 
lUeiiuorrhce,  from  fiXcvva,  'mucus,'  and  psoj,  'I 
flow.'  Inordinate  secretion  and  discharge  of  mu- 
cus.    Also,  Gonorrhoea. 

Bi.KNNoiuuiao.v.  Chronica,  (gleet,)  see  Gonor- 
rlioea  —  b.  Gcnitalium,  Leucorrhoea  —  b.  Luodes, 
Gonorrhoea  impura — b.  Nasalis,  Coryza — b.  Oculi, 
foc  Oi)lithaItnia  —  b.  Oculi  gonorrhoica,  see  Oph- 
tli;iliiiia — b.  Oculi  neonatorum,  see  Ophthalmia — 
li.  Oculi  i)urulenta,  see  Ophthalmia — b.  Urethralis, 
Guiiorrbosa,  Cystorrhoea — b.  Ventriculi,  Gastror- 
rli(j;n — b.  Vesica?,  Cystorrhoea. 

BLENNO'SES,  from  (i\ivva,  'mucus.'  Affec- 
tions of  the  mucous  membranes. — Alibert. 

BLENXOTIIORAX,  Catarrh,  Peripneumonia 
notha — b.  Chronicus,  Asthma  humidum. 

BLENNOTORRIICEA,  Otirrhoea. 

BLENNURETIIRIA,  Gonorrhoea. 

BLENNURIA,  Cystorrhcea. 

BLEPIIARADENITIS,  Ophthalmia  Tarsi. 

B  L  E  P II  A  R  A  N  T  II  R  A  C  O'S  I S,  Blephnri'- 
tix  (jini(jr(rii(i'nn,  Carhiiavuhi'tio  Oc'uli.  Gangre- 
nous iiitlauimation  of  the  eyelids. 

liLEPllARELOSIS.  Entropion. 

BLEPIIARIDES,  Cilia. 

BLEPIIARIDOPLASTICE,  Blepharoplastice. 

BLEPHARISMUS,  Nictation. 

BLEPHARITIS,  (inflammation  of  the  eyelids,) 
Oplitlijilmia  tarsi  —  b.  Gangraenosa,  Blepharan- 
tliracosis. 

BLEPIIAROBLENNORRHO^IA,  Ophthalmia, 
jiurulcnt — b.  Neonatorum,  see  Ophthalmia  (pu- 
rulcnta  infantum.) 

BLKPH'ARO-CON.IUNCTIVrTIS,  Bhpha- 
i<ini/ii(/cxiiil'ti9,  from  (iXe<papov,  'an  eyelid,'  coii- 
Jiiiirtira,  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Oph- 
tiiiilMiia  afl'octing  the  conjunctiva  and  eyelids. 

BLEPIIARODYSCIIRCE'A,  from  l3\c<paf,ov,  the 
'cyi'lid.'  iv;,  'with  difliculty,'  and  XP""'  'colour.' 
l)i"s<-ob>nition  of  the  eyelid.  Na;vus  of  the  eye- 
lid.— V(m  Ammon. 

BLEPIlARtEDEMA   AQUOSUM,  Hydroble- 


pliarcm. 

BLEPIIARON,  Palpebra- 


■b.  Atoniaton,  Ble- 


l)liiirci|)tosis. 

BLEPIIARONCO'STS,     B/epharon'cim,     Ble- 
vban'f'h'i'iita,  Enlpcbiu' rum  Tumor,  from   /JAt^a- 


pov,  'e}'elid,'  and  oyKOi,  'tumour.'  A  tumour  of 
the  evelid. 

BLEPIIARONCIIS,  Blepharoneosis. 

BLEPHAROPHIMO'SIS,  from  l3Xc<papov,  'the 
eyelid,'  and  i/x/iof,  'a  cord.'  Congenital  diminu- 
tion of  the  space  between  the  eyelids. — Ammon. 
See  Blepharostenosis. 

BLEPIIAROPTIIALMIA,  Ophthalmia  tarsi 
— b.  Neonatorum,  see  Ophthalmia — b.  Purulenta, 
Blepharopyorrhoea. 

BLEPHAROPHTIIALMITIS  GLANDULO- 
SA,  Ophthalmia,  purulent,  of  infants. 

BLEPHAROPIIYMA,  Blepharoneosis. 

BLEPIIAR0PLAS'TICE,7?/f/>/)a?-)Wo;;/f/g'/iVe, 
Tiiii't"io  Cilio'rum,  Blep]t'<u<ipl(iHty,  from  P\t(pa- 
pov,  'the  eyelid,'  and  TzXaariKOi,  'forming,'  'form- 
ative.'    The  formation  of  a  new  eyelid. 

BLEPIIAROPLEGIA,  Blcpharoptosis. 

BLEPIIAROPTO'SIS,  Blcpharoplc'rpa,  Cnsun 
pal'2jel/rcE  siij/erio'ris,  Delup' hhs  seu  Pro/dp'mii 
seu  Propto'sis  seu  Pto'sin  pal'pebra,  Atoniaton 
Mepharoii,  from  {iXi:(^>apov,  'the  eyelid,'  and  vTuxjii, 
'fall.'  A  falling  down  of  the  upper  eyelid  over 
the  eye,  caused  by  a  paralysis  of  the  Levator 
pd/pchrcB  aiiperioris  muscle.  This  paralysis  is 
an  unfavorable  symptom,  as  it  is  generally  con- 
nected with  a  state  of  the  brain  favouring  apo- 
plexy or  palsy. 

Blei'iiaroptosis  EcTROi'it'jr,  Ectropium  —  b. 
Entropion,  Entropion. 

BLEPIIAROPYORRIICE'A,  Blrpharophthal'- 
niia  piirnleii'tii,  Pyurrlui'a  jml'pehra,  from  ji\eip- 
apov,  'eyelid,'  vvov,  'pus,'  and  pcut,  'I  flow.'  Se- 
cretion of  pus  from  the  eyelids. 

BLEPHAHOPYoitHiKKA  NiiONATOFiuM,  sec  Oph- 
thalmia (purulenta  infantum.) 

BLEPIlARORRHOi'A,  from  ^\t<papov,  'eye- 
lid,' and  p£(i),  'I  flow.'  A  discharge  of  mucus 
from  the  eyeliils. 

BLEPII'aROSPAS'MUS,  from  ^Xf^apov,  'eye- 
lid,' and  a-naaptoi,  'spasm.'  A  spasmodic  action 
or  tic  of  the  orbicularis  palpebrarum  muscle. 

BLEPIIAROSTENO'SIS,  from  jiXt^apov,  'the 
eyelid,'  and  arcfijiaii,  'contraction.'  Accidental 
diminution  of  the  space  between  the  eyelids. — 
Ammon.     See  Blepharophimosis. 

BLEPIIAROSYNDESMITIS,  Blepharocon- 
junctivitis. 

BLEPIIAROTIS,  Ophthalmia  tarsi  — b.  Glan- 
dularis contagiosa,  see  Ophthalmia. 

BLEPHAROTITIS,  Oi)hthalmia  tarsi. 

BLEPHAROTOSIS,  Ectropium. 

B  L  E  P  II  A  R  0  X  Y  S'TUM,  BUpharoryn'trum, 
from  (i\£(/>apov,  'eyelid,'  and  fyu,  'I  scrape.'  An 
instrument  used,  by  the  ancients,  for  removing 
callosities,  which  made  their  appearance  in  the 
affection  called,  by  the  Greeks,  Tpa^itina. — Paulus 
of  iEginn,  (Jorraus. 

BLEPIIIL'IA  HIRSU'TA,  Ohio  Horsemint, 
Ilniry  Homemiiit,  from  pXcipapii,  'an  eyelash,'  in 
reference  to  its  hairy  fringed  bracts.  An  indi- 
genous plant  of  the  Mint  family,  Labiatae,  which 
has  the  aromatic  properties  of  the  Mints. 

BLKSITE,  Blasitas. 

BLESSED  HERB,  Geum  urbanum. 

BLESSURE.  Abortion.  Wound. 

BLESTRIS'MUS.  Restlessness  of  the  sick.— 
Hippocrates. 

I5LETA.  A  word,  used  by  Paracelsus  for  white 
or  milky  urine,  arising  from  diseased  kidneys. 
Biota  oiha  has  the  same  meaning. 

BLEU  BE  BERLIN,  Prussian  blue  — 6.  de 
PruKse,  Prussian  blue. 

BLEVET  I)ES  MOISSOXS,  Cyanus  sege- 
tum.    , 

BLKVILLE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Blg- 
ville  is  a  village  about  two  miles  from  Havre. 
The  waters  are  acidulous  chalvbeate. 

BLIGHT  IN  THE  EYE,  Ophthalmia,  catar- 


BLIGHTS 


132 


BLOOD-LETTING 


rhal.  Palsy  of  the  orbicularis  palpebrarum  and 
mnseles  of  the  eyebrow  is  also  vulgarly  called 
U!,/ht. 

BLIGHTS,  see  Lichen  urticatus. 

BLINDNESS,  Cajcitas  —  b.  Colour,  Achroma- 
topsia— b.  Day,  Nyctalopia — b.  Nervous,  Amau- 
rosis —  b.  Night,  Ilemeralopia  —  b.  Snow,  see 
Snow  blindness. 

BLISTER,  Veaicato'rt'nm,  Emplnx'trum  Vesica- 
to'riniii  seu  Lijtta^  Epinjxis'ticnm,  Ves'icnnt,  lili'a- 
ter  pliiHter,  (i.)  Venieatuire,  Vesicant.  Any  sub- 
stance which,  when  applied  to  the  skin,  irritates 
it,  and  occasions  a  serous  secretion,  raising  the 
epidermis,  and  inducing  a  vesicle.  Various  arti- 
cles produce  this  effect,  as  cnntharideK,  nniDtnvd, 
garoii,  eiiphorblnm,  ynrlic,  ammonia,  <tc.  Blisters 
are  used  as  counter-irritants.  By  exciting  a  dis- 
ease artificially  on  the  surface,  we  can  often  re- 
move another  which  may  be  at  the  time  existing 
internally.  A  perpetual  blister  is  one  that  is 
kept  open  for  a  longer  or  a  shorter  time  by  means 
of  appropriate  dressings. 

Blistkr  or  vesication,  (Prov.)  Ercle,  also  means 
the  vesicle  produced  by  vesicatories  or  other 
causes. 

Blister,  Fever,  see  Fever  blister. 

Blister,  Mag"istral,  (F.)  Vesicatoire  mnr/is- 
tral.  A  prompt  means  of  producing  vesication 
recommended  by  i\I.  Valleix.  It  is  prej)ared  as 
follows — Take  powdered  caiitharides  and  wheat- 
Jiour,  of  each  equal  parts;  vinegar,  a  suflBcient 
quantity  to  form  a  soft  paste. 

Blister  Beetle,  Cantharis  —  b.  Fly,  Cantha- 
ris — b.  Piaster,  Blister. 

BLISTERWEED,  Ranunculus  acris. 

BLISTERING  FLY,  Cantharis— b.  Paper,  see 
Sparadrapum  vesicatorium — b.  Tissue,  Sparadra- 
pura  vesicatorium. 

BLISTERS,  WHITE,  Rupia  escharotiea. 

BLITUM  AMERICAN UM,  Phytolacca  de- 
candra. 

BLOOD,  Anglo-Saxon,  blo»,  from  ble^an,  'to 
bleed.'  Sanguis,  Cruor,  Lapis  anima'lis,  HcBma, 
'aifia,  (Old  Eng.)  Blciie,  (F.)  Sang.  An  animal 
fluid  formed  chiefly  from  the  chyle  ;  acquiring 
important  properties  during  respiration  ;  entering 
every  organ  through  the  circulation  ;  distributing 
the  nutritive  principles  to  every  texture,  and  the 
source  of  every  secretion.  The  blood  is  white  in 
the  molluscous  and  inferior  animals,  which  have 
been,  hence,  called  white-bluoded,  to  distinguish 
them  from  the  red-blooded,  which  class  includes 
the  mammalia,  birds,  reptiles,  and  fishes.  Hu- 
man blood  is  composed  of  water,  albumen,  fibrin, 
an  animal  colouring  substance,  a  little  fatty  mat- 
ter— heematelcB'uin — and  different  salts;  as  chlo- 
rides of  potassium  and  sodium,  phosphate  of  lime, 
subcarbonate  of  soda,  lime,  magnesia,  oxide  of 
iron,  and  lactate  of  soda,  united  with  an  ani- 
mal matter.  Arterial  blood  is  of  a  florid  red 
colour,  strong  smell ;  s.  g.  1.049.  Venous  blood 
is  of  a  brownish  red  ;  s.  g.  1.051.  The  differ- 
ence in  colour  has  given  occasion  to  the  first 
being  called  red  blood;  the  latter,  black.  The 
former,  which  is  distributed  from  the  heart,  is 
nearly  the  same  through  its  whole  extent:  the 
latter  is  the  remains  of  the  arterial  blood  after 
the  different  elements  have  been  taken  from  it  in 
nutrition,  and  probably  differs  in  composition. 
It  likewise  contains  different  substances  absorbed. 
Venous  blood,  taken  from  a  vessel  and  left  to 
itself,  becomes  solid,  and  separates  into  two  dis- 
tinct parts,  —  the  serum  or  watery  supernatant 
fluid;  and  the  cruor,  coag'uluni,  crassamen'tnm, 
Jiepar  seu  pluceu'ta  san'guinis,  plucoi'ta  cruo'ris, 
in'suld,  thrombus,  or  clot.  The  serum  is  chiefly 
water,  holding  albumen  in  solution  and  the  salts 
of  the  blood.  The  clot  contains  the  fibrin,  co- 
louring matter — hcsmatosin,  a  little  serum,  and  a 


small  quantity  of  salts.  M.  Le  Canu  found  the 
blood  to  be  composed — in  1000  parts — of  water, 
7S.5.5'J0;  albumen,  09.415;  fibrin,  3.565  ;  colour- 
ing matter,  119.626;  crystallizable  faity  matter, 
4.300;  oily  matter,  2.270;  extractive  matter  so- 
luble in  alcohol  and  water,  1.920;  albumen  com- 
bined with  soda,  2.010;  chlorides  of  sodium  aii.l 
potassium  ;  alkaline  phosphates,  suljjhatcs,  and 
subcarbonates,  7.-'!04;  subcarbonate  of  lime  and 
magnesia,  phosphate  of  lime,  magnesia  and  iron, 
peroxide  of  iron,  1.414;  loss,  2.586.  The  fmir 
principal  components  of  the  blood  are  fibrin, 
albumen,  corpuscles,  and  saline  matter.  In  the 
circulating  blood  they  are  thus  combined — 

.'ii.'^'"'  In  solution  ioxvams  Liquor  San(nii. 

Albumen,  >■  .  a       ^  j 

Salts,         J 

Red  Corpuscles  —  suspended  in  the  Liquor  San- 
guinis. 

In  coagulated  blood  they  are  thus  combined: 

Fibrin,  ]  Forming   the  crassamentum  or 

Red  Corpuscles,  J       clot. 

Albumen,  )  Remaining  in  solution,  forinini; 
Salts,  J       serum. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  computations 
of  different  physiologists  regarding  the  weight 
of  the  circulating  fluid — arterial  and  venous. 

Harvey,  ■)  Jbs. 

Lister, 

Moulins, 

Aljildfcuard, 

lilumeubach 

Lobb,  V 10 

Lower,  j 

Sprenscl 10  to  15 

Giinther 15  to  20 

lilake 16J  tol8J 

Miiller  and  Burdach 20 

Wagner 20  to  25 

Quosnai 'j,' 

F.  Hoffmann 28 

Haller 28  to  30 

Young 40 

Ilamberger SO 

Keill 100 

The  proportion  of  arterial  blood  to  venous  is 
about  4  to  9. 

Much  attention  has  been  paid  to  the  varying 
condition  of  the  blood  in  disease.  The  avernge 
proportion  of  each  of  the  organic  elements  in 
1000  parts  of  healthy  blood  is  as  follows,  accord- 
ing to  Le  Canu,  and  MM.  Andral  and  Gavarrct: 
— fibrin,  .3;  red  corpuscles,  127;  solid  matter  of 
the  serum,  80  ;  water,  790. 

Dried  human  blood  was,  at  one  time,  consi- 
dered to  be  anti-epileptic;  that  of  the  goat,  dried, 
Sanguis  hirci  sicca'tus,  sudorific  and  antipleu- 
retic.  The  dried  blood  of  the  ox  — Extrac'tum 
San'guinis  Bori'ni — and  the  dried  red  corpuscles 
have  been  given  as  analeptics,  especially  wbere 
there  was  a  deficiency  of  red  corpuscles. 

Blood,  Arterial,  see  Blood  — b.  Black,  see 
Blood  —  b.  Black,  vascular  system  of,  see  Vas- 
cular. 

Blood,  Casein,  Globulin— b.  Corpuscles,  Glo- 
bules of  the  blood  — b.  Disease,  Ilaematonosus  — 
b.  Disks,  Globules  of  the  blood. 

Blood,  Dried,  see  Blood— b.  Loss  of,  Hffiraor- 
rhagia  — b.  Menstrual,  see  Menses  — b.  Red,  see 
Blood — b.  Red,  system  of,  see  Vascular- b.  Spit- 
ting of,  Hajmoptysis— b.  Venous,  see  Blood— b. 
Vomiting  of,  Htematemesis— b.  AVhite,  Lymph. 

BLOOD  CRYSTALS,  Hannatoidin. 

BLOODING,  Blood-lettin.'. 

BLOODLESSNESS,  Anycmia. 

B  L  0  0  D  -  L  E  T  T  I N  G,  Missio  seu  JDetrac'tin 
San  guntis,   Ilamax'is,   Cataachaa'nius,  Blooding, 


BLOODLIKE 


133 


BOE 


Plee'liiiff,  (F.)  Siti'jnee,  Emlmtion  saufjnine.  A  j 
discharge  of  a  certain  quantity  of  blood  produced 
by  art :  an  operation  which  consists  in  making 
an  opening  into  a  vessel  to  dnuB  or  let  blood  from 
it.  When  practised  on  an  artery,  it  is  called  Ar- 
li-riot'onii/  ;  on  a  vein,  Phlebot'onuj,  VencBsec'tio, 
VcJicHcc'lioH ;  and  on  the  capillary  vessels,  local 
or  capillanj,  in  contra<listinction  to  the  former, 
which  is  termed  fjeneral.  Blood-letting  is  used 
both  (luring  the  existence  of  a  disease,  as  in  in- 
flammation, and  in  the  way  of  prophylaxis.  It 
is  employed  to  fulfil  various  indications.  L  To 
diminish  the  actual  mass  of  blood;  —  when  it  is 
termed,  by  the  French  pathologists,  Suifjiiee  eva- 
ciialii:e.  In  such  case,  fluids  ought  not  to  be  al- 
lowed too  freely  afterwards.  2.  To  diminish  the 
turgeseence  in  any  particular  organ  —  (F.)  S'tig- 
yifi;  revitlxivc,  Renithlve  hlood-lettiiKj  or  t/leeiltiig, 
\'eua'.iec'tio  revnlxo'n'n,  when  performe(i  far  from 
the  part  nfiectod;  and  Sniyue.e  derivutiue,  when 
near.  'i.  To  diminish  the  consistence  of  the  blood, 
(F.)  S'tiijii^e  upoliative.  The  immediate  effects 
<.f  blood-letting  are:  diminution  of  the  mass  of 
blood  and  of  heat;  retardation  of  the  pulse,  and 
sometimes  syncope.  Blood-letting  from  the  veins 
— phlcbi/ltimij — is  practised  on  the  subcutaneous 
veins  of  the  neck,  the  face,  the  fore-arm,  and  the 
leg  ;  sometimes  on  those  of  the  hand  or  foot. 
The  necessary  apparatus  consists  of  a  bandage 
or  riband,  a  compress  of  rag,  and  a  lancet  or 
plileam. 

The  veins  selected  for  the  operation,  are,  1.  Tii 
the  fold  of  the  arm,  five; — the  cephalic,  basilic, 
the  two  median,  and  the  anterior  cubital.  2.  In 
the  htud,  the  cephalic  and  salvatella.  3.  In  the 
y"'H(f,  the  great  and  little  saphena.  A^.  In  the  neck, 
the  external  jugular.  5.  In  the  forehead,  the 
frontal.  G.  Tn  the  month,  the  ranine.  The  ope- 
ration of  phlebotomy  in  the  limbs  is  performed 
by  tying  a  circular  bandage  round  the  limb,  in 
order  that  the  subcutaneous  veins  may  become 
turgid  by  the  course  of  the  blood  being  ob- 
structed: the  bandage  not  being  so  tight,  how- 
ever, as  to  compress  the  arteries  of  the  limb.  A 
puncture  is  made  into  the  vein,  and  the  desired 
((uantity  allowed  to  flow.  The  ligature  is  now 
removed,  and  a  compress  and  retaining  bandage 
applied.  Utipillnry  or  local  blood-lettiuf/,  arte- 
rio-iihlebot'oiiii/,  is  practised  on  the  skin  or 
niucuous  membranes,  by  means  of  leeches,  the 
lancet,  or  cupping. 

Bi.ooD-LETTiNG,  Capillaiiv,  See  Blood-letting 
— b.  Derivative,  see  Blood-letting — b.  Evacuative, 
see  Blood-letting  —  b.  General,  see  Blood-letting 
— b.  Local,  see  Blood-letting — b.  Revulsive,  see 
Blood-letting — b.  Spoliative,  see  Bloodletting. 

BLOOULIKE,  Sanguine. 

BLOOD  LIQUOR,  Liquor  Sanguinis. 

BLOODIIOOT,  Sanguinaria  Canadensis. 

BLOOU.^IIOT.  IIypera}mic. 

BLOODSTONE,  llajmatites. 

BLOODSTROKE,   Conp-de-sang. 

BLOOD  VESICLE,  Globule  of  the  blood. 

BLOOD  VESSEL,  (F.)  Valsnean  nanguin.  A 
vessel  destined  to  contain  and  convey  blood. 

Bf.ooi)  Vesskl,  bukaking,  buksting,  ruptu- 
ring OP  A.     Hajmorrhagia. 

BLOODWEED,  Asclepias  eurassavica. 

BLOODWORT,  Uieraciuiu  venosum,  Sangui- 
naria Canadensis. 

BLOODY,  Sanguin'cuH,  Crucn'tus,  Sanguin'- 
eniis,  (F.)  Sangnin.  Having  the  character  of 
blood.     Relating  to  blood.     See  Sanguine. 

BLOODY  FLUX.  Dysentery. 

BLOO.M,  HONEY,  Apocynum  androsfcmifo- 
lium. 

BLOSSBURG  MINERAL  SPRINGS.  The 
town  of  Blossburg  is  iu  Tioga  County,  133  miles 


north  of  Ilarrisburg.  They  contain  pure  sulphu- 
ric acid;  and  are  astringent  and  touic. 

BLOSSOM,  see  Grog-blossom. 

BLOTA  ALBA,  Bleta. 

BLOTCH,  (Prov.)  Splavin,  Sprote.  A  pustule; 
more  commonly,  an  eruption  of  a  large  kind. 

BLOW,  Ict,i8,  Plege,  (F.)  Coiip.  Effect  pro- 
duced by  one  body  striking  another.  The  im- 
pression made  by  any  body  which  strikes  us,  or 
against  which  we  strike;  —  a  common  cause  of 
wounds,  contusions,  fractures,  kc. 

BLOWING  SOUND,  Bruit  de  Soi,Jle  —  h.  s. 
Diffused,  see  Murmur,  respiratory. 

BLUE-BELLS,  Gentiana  catesbisi. 

BLUE-BERRY,  Caulophyllum  thalictroides, 
Lantana — b.  Low,  Vaccinium  Pennsylvanicum. 

BLUE-BONNETS,  Cetaurea  cyanus. 

BLUE-BOTTLE,  Centaurea  cyanus,  Cyanus 
segetum. 

BLUE  LICKS,  see  Kentucky,MineralWaters  of. 

BLUE  STONE,  Cupri  sulphas. 

BLUET,  Centaurea  cvanus. 

BLUET  DES  MOIS'SONS,  Cyanus  segetum. 

BLUITER,  Borborygmus. 

BLUSH,  see  Flush. 

BLU,sn,  Cutaneous,  see  Efilorescence — b.  In- 
flammatory, Erythema. 

BL UTTER,  Borborygmus. 

BOA,  Ihiia.  An  eruption  of  red,  ichorous  pim- 
ples.— Pliny.     See,  also,  Hidroa  and  Sudamina. 

Boa  Upas,  Upas. 

BOyE,  Syphilis. 

BOALA,  see  Scherlievo. 

BOBERRL  Curcuma  longa. 

BOCHE,  Swelling. 

BOCCHOE,  Diosina  crenata. 

BOCHET,  Bochetum. 

BOCHE'TUM,  (F.)  Bochet.  A  term  formerly 
applied  to  the  second  decoction  of  the  sudorific 
woods.    The  French  word  has  been  lately  revived. 

BOCHIUM,  Bronchocele. 

BOCHO,  Diosma  crenata. 

BOCIUM,  Bronchocele. 

BOCK,  Vomiturition. 

BOCKING,  Eructation,  Vomiting. 

BOCKLET,  MINERAL  AVATERS  OF.  The 
springs  of  Booklet,  in  Bavaria,  are  acidulous 
chalybeates. 

BODY,  Corpus,  Soma,  (F.)  Corpn ;  from  Teu- 
tonic boden,  the  'fundus  or  bottom.'  [?]  The 
human  body,  (F.)  Corps  humain,  (Old  E.)  Liche, 
is  the  collection  of  organs  which  compose  the 
frame.  At  times,  however,  body  is  used  synony- 
mously with  trunk.  AVe  say,  also,  hodif  of  the 
femur,  of  the  sphenoid,  &c.,  to  designate  the  shaft 
or  middle  portion  of  those  bones ;  body  of  the 
uterus,  Ac.  Likewise,  any  distinct  portion  of 
matter  perceived  by  the  senses.  Also,  the  rectum. 

Body,  Coming  down  op  the.  Proctocele.       ' 

Body-Searcher,  Searcher.  One  who  formerly 
ex.amined  the  bodies  of  the  dead  to  report  as  to 
the  cause  of  death.  In  the  time  of  the  plague 
this  was  done  by  "the  chirurgeons,"  who  were 
allowed  "  twelve  pence,"  to  be  paid  out  of  the 
goods  of  the  party  searched,  if  able;  otherwi.s«, 
by  the  parish.  Until  of  late,  this  office  was  exe- 
cuted in  England  by  two  old  women — called 
'searchers';  and  hence  the  imperfections  of  the 
Bills  of  Mortality.  In  plague  times,  the  office 
was  an  important  one;  and,  it  is  stated,  that  a 
noted  searcher,  named  Snacks,  finding  his  busi- 
ness increase  so  much,  that  he  could  not  transact 
it  alone,  offered  to  any  one  who  would  join  him 
in  its  hazards,  half  the  profits;  and  they  who 
joined  him  were  said  to  "  go  with  Snacks." 
Hence,  the  saying  "to  go  Snacks,"  or  to  divide 
the  spoils. — Wadd. 

BODY-SNATCHER,  Resurrectionist. 

BOE,  Cry. 


BOELLI 


134 


BONDUE 


BOELLT,  Intestines. 
BOETUEMA,  Medicament. 
BOG-BEAN,  Menvanthes  trifoliata. 
BO  HON  UPAS,  Upas. 
BOIA,  Boa. 

BOIL,  Fuiuneulus — b.  Blind,  see  Furunculus — 
1).  (luin,  Parulis — b.  Malignant,  see  Furunculus — 
b.  Wasp's  nest,  see  Furunculus. 

//O/.S'  AM  Eli,  Quassia  —  b.  de  Campeche, 
Hajmato.xylum  t'anipechianum — b.  de  Cerf,  Cornu 
cervi  —  b.  de  C/ti/pre,  Rhodium  lignum  —  b.  de 
C'liilenvre,  see  Stiycbnos  —  i.  X'oii.r,  Glycyrrhiza 
—  b.  de  MiniiiH,  Ceplialanthus  occidentalis — b. 
de  Ploiiib,  Birca  palustris— 6.  Pnaiit,  Pruiius  pa- 
Uus  —  b.  de  Ruse,  Rhodium  lignum  —  6.  de  Snp- 
jxiii,  C«salpinia  sappan  —  b.  Sudorlfique,  Wood, 
fcudorilic. 

BOISSE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  These 
waters  are  situate  about  half  a  league  from  Fon- 
tcnay-le-Compte,  in  Franco.  They  are  purgative, 
aud  seem  to  contain  carbonate  and  sulphate  of 
lime  and  chloride  of  sodium. 
BOIISSON,  Drink. 
BOIST,  Swelling. 

BOITE,  (F.)  A  box  or  cage,  Capsa,  Pyxis. 
An  apparatus  for  the  reception  of  any  matters 
which  it  may  be  desirable  to  preserve.  In  Sur- 
(jci'j  aud  Anatomy,  Unites  a  dissection,  li.  d  am- 
pHtati<ju,  B.  d  trepan,  B.  a  cataracte,  &c.,  mean 
the  eases  containing  these  various  instruments. 
Boile  da  Crane  is  the  bony  case  which  receives 
the  brain.  Bo'ite  is,  also,  the  portion  of  the 
stem  of  the  trephine  which  receives  the  ])yra- 
mid  or  centre-pin.  Boite  de  Petit  is  a  machine, 
invented  by  M.  Petit,  to  retain  the  fractured  por- 
tions of  bone  in  apposition,  when  the  leg  has  been 
fractured  in  a  complicated  manner.  Boile  is,  also, 
a  kind  of  case  put  before  an  artificial  anus  to  re- 
ceive the  fieces,  which  are  continually  being  dis- 
charged. The  vulgar,  in  France,  give  the  name 
Botle,  to  various  articulations,- — B.  de  yenou,  B. 
de  la  hrniche;  "knee-joint,  hip-joint." 
BOITEMENT,  Claudication. 
BOITEUIE,  Claudication. 

BOITIER,  (F.)  Appai-eil,  Cap'aida  unguenta'- 
ria,   Capsa'riuni.     A  dressintj-case.     A  box,  con- 
taining salves  and  different  apparatus,  used  more 
particularly  by  the  dressers  in  hospitals. 
BOK,  Vomiturition. 
BOKKING,  Eructation,  Vomiting. 
BOL,  Bolus — b.  d'Annenie,  Bole,  Armenian  — 
h.    Oriental,   Bole,    Armenian  —  6.   Blanc,   Bolus 
alba — b.  Bonge,  Bole,  Armenian. 
BOLA,  Mvrrha. 
BOLCHON,  Bdellium. 

BOLE,  Jhlus,  (F.)  Bol,  Terre  bolaire,  meant, 
with  the  older  writers,  argillaceous  earth,  used 
as  an  absorbent  and  alexipharmic.  The  various 
boles  had  different  forms  given  to  them,  and  were 
stamped,  or  sealed,  hence  called  TerrcB  siyillatcB ; 
as  in  the  following  : 

Bole  Akme'nian,  Bole  Arme'niac,  B.  Ar'me- 
nic,  Argil'ln  ferrugiii'ea  rubra,  A.  Bolus  rubra, 
iiinapisis,  Arena'men,  Bolna  Orienta'lis  seu  Ar- 
vteniaca  seu  Arnie'nice  seu  rubra,  (F.)  Bol  d'Ar- 
inenie  ou  oriental  ou  rouge.  A  red,  clayey  earth, 
found  not  only  in  iVrmenia,  but  in  several  coun- 
tries of  Europe,  —  in  Tuscany,  Silesia,  France, 
<tc.  It  was  once  esteemed  a  tonic  and  astringent, 
and  was  applied  as-a  styptic.  It  is  now,  scarcely, 
if  ever,  used.  It  consists  of  argil,  mixed  with 
lime  and  iron. 
BOLES  IS,  Coral. 
B0LE80N,  Balsam. 

BOLET  ODORANT,  Daedalea  suaveolens. 
BOLETUS  ACJARICUS,  B.  Laricis— b.  Albus, 
Boletus  laricis  —  b.  Cervinus,  Ehiphomyces  gra- 
uulatub — b.  Discoideus,  Bajdalea  suaveolens. 


Bole'tus  Esculbn'tus,  (F.)  Morelle.  Ord. 
Fungi.  An  eatable  mushroom,  found  in  tbe 
woods  in  Europe,  and  much  admired  by  Gastro. 
nomea.  It  was  formerly  esteemed  to  be  aphro- 
disiac. 

Boletus  Fui.vus,  B.  igniarius — b.  Ilippocrepis, 
B.  igniarius. 

Bole'tus  Ignia'rius.  The  systematic  nnino 
for  the  Afj'aric,  Agar'icus,  Ayar'icum  of  tlie 
Pharmacopoeias,  Agar'ivua  Chirurgo'nim  fiu 
Qucrcils  seu  ignia'rius,  Polyj/orus  ignia'riiiH, 
h'ca,  Bole'tus  ungula'tua  seu  fnlvus  seu  hipj,,,. 
crepis  seu  obtu'sus,  SpunJ,;  Am'adou,  Punk,  (Prov.) 
Funk,  Fungus  Ignia'rius,  Fungus  Querri'inm, 
Aqaric  of  the  Oak,  ToucJiwood,  Touchwood  Jlnlu. 
tiis.  Female  Agaric,  Tinder,  (F.)  Agaric  de  chene, 
Amadouvier.  It  was  formerly  much  used  by 
surgeons  as  a  styptic. 

Bole'tus  Lar'iCIS,  B.  Larici'nus  seu  jmrgutis 
seu  albus  seu  agar'icus  seu  rifficina'lis,  Fun'fins 
Lar'icis,  Polyp'orus  oficina'lis,  Agar'icus  ulhm 
seu  Lar'icis,  A.  Albus  op'tiwus,  White  Agiiric, 
(F.)  Agaric  blanc,  A.  Amadourier.  On  the  cuii- 
tinent  of  Europe  it  has  been  given  as  a  cathartic 
and  emetic,  as  well  as  to  moderate  the  sweats  iu 
phthisis. — De  Haen.     E-xternnlly,  styptic. 

Boletus  Obtusus,  B.  igniarius — b.  Officinalis, 
B.  laricis— b.  Purgans,  Boletus  laricis — b.  Salicis, 
Daedalea  suaveolens — b.  Suaveolens,  DaMhilea 
suaveolens— b.  Touchwood,  Boletus  igniarius. 

BO  LI  MART  IS,  Ferrum  tartarisatum. 

BOLISMOS,  Boulimia. 

BOLI'TES.  The  mushroom;  perhaps  the 
Agar'icus  Auranfiacus.  —  Pliny,  Martial,  SeuKi- 
nius,  Galen.  It  was  so  called,  in  consuquencs 
of  its  shape, — from  Bohia. 

BOLLYNGE,  Swelling. 

BOLNING,  Swelling. 

BOLT.  Used,  at  times,  for  to  swallow  without 
chewing, — as  to  "  bolt  one's  food." 

BOLUS,  (iuiXog,  Buccell'a,  a  morsel,  a  mouth- 
ful, a  bole,  (F.)  Bol.  A  pharmaceutical  prepa- 
ration, having  a  pilular  shape,  but  larger;  capa- 
ble, however,  of  being  swallowed  as  a  pill. 

Bolus  Alba,  Terra  Sigilla'fn,  Argil'la  pcd- 
lid'ior: — called  sigilla'ta,  from  being  commonly 
made  into  small  cakes  or  flat  masses,  and  staiii])e(l 
or  sealed  with  certain  impressions.  (F.)  B<d 
blanc,  Terre  Sigillee,  Argile  ochreuse  pale.  It 
was  used  like  Bole  Armenian,  and  was  brought 
from  Etruria.     See  Terra. 

Bolus,  Ai.imen'tary,  Bolus  AUmenta'ri us.  The 
bole  formed  by  the  food,  after  it  has  undergone 
mastication  and  insalivation  in  the  mouth  ;  and 
been  collected  upon  the  tongue  prior  to  degluti- 
tion. 

Bolus  Orienta'lis.  A  kind  of  bolar  earth, 
only  distinguished  from  Bole  Armenian  in  beiiii,' 
broughtfrom  Constantinople.  See  Bole,  Armenian. 

Bolus  Rubra,  Bole  Armenian. 

BOMA'REA  SALSIL'LA.  The  inhabitants 
of  Chili  use  this  plant  as  a  sudorific.  It  is  given 
in  infusion  in  cutaneous  diseases. 

BOMBAX,  Gossypium. 

BOMBEMENT,  Bombus. 

BOMBITATIO,  Tinnitus  aurium. 

BOMBUS,  Au'rium  fluctua'tio,  A.  Sib'ihis,  A. 
Son'itus,  A.  Susur'ruH,  (F.)  Bombemeiit.  A  kiml 
of  ringing  or  buzzing  in  the  ears; — characterizeil, 
according  to  Sauvages,  by  the  perception  of 
blows  or  beating  repeated  at  certain  interval?. 
Also,  Borborygmus.  See  Fart,  Flatulence,  and 
Tinnitus  Aurium. 

BOMBYX  MORI,  see  Sericum. 

BON,  Coffea  Arabica. 

BONA.  Phaseolus  vulgaris. 

BONANNIA  OFFICINALIS,  Sinapis  alba. 

BONA  FEVER,  see  Fever,  Bona. 

BONDUE,  Gymnocladus  Canadensis. 


BONE 


10  5 


BORACIC   ACID 


BONK,  0»,  Oh'teon,  Os'leum,  (F.)  Os,  (Sax.) 
biiti.  The  bones  lire  the  solid  and  hard  parts, 
which  f(jrin  the  basis  of  the  bodies  of  animals  i 
of  the  «ui)erior  classes;  and  the  union  of  which 
(■on>:titiitos  the  H/celrion.  The  human  body  has, 
at  tlio  adult  a<^o,  208  hones,  without  including 
the  ;)2  tci'ih,  the  ossa  Wortni;uia,  and  the  ses;i- 
inoid  bones.  Anatomists  divide  them,  from  their 
shape,  into  1.  Loiu/  /yoiiex,  which  form  pnrt  of  the 
limbs,  anil  represent  columns  for  supporting  the 
weight  of  the  body,  or  levers  of  diflcrcnt  kinds 
for  the  muscles  to  act  upon.  2.  Flot  boiien,  which 
form  the  parietes  of  splanchnic  cavities;  and,  3. 
IShiirt  hnneH,  met  with  in  parts  of  the  body  where 
solidity  and  some  mobility  are  necessary.  Bones 
are  formed  of  two  different  textures  ;  spoiKjij  and 
conijiivt.  They  afford,  on  analysis,  much  phos- 
phate and  carbonate  of  lime,  a  little  phosphate 
of  magnesia,  phosphate  of  ammonia,  oxides  of 
iron  and  miinganese,  some  traces  of  alumina  and 
silica,  gelatin,  fat,  iind  wafer.  The  uses  of  the 
bones  are  mentioned  under  each  bone.  They 
give  shape  to  the  body,  contain  and  defend  the 
viscera,  and  act  as  levers  to  the  muscles. 

TABLE    OF    THE    BONES. 


Bones  of 

THE 
IIjiAD. 


Boxes  op 
THE 

TllU.N'K. 


Boxes  of 
THE  Up- 
per Ex- 
tremiti. 


Boxes  op 

LOWF.R 
KXTllE- 
MITY. 


f  Frontal. 
Bones  of  the  I  ''""'^"'' 


K).„n        I  l<'mporal 


.....'.'.".'  2 

I  Ethmoid 1 

[Sphenoid 1 

I  .Superior  Maxillary....  2 

.Tut;:il  or  Cheek 2 

Nasal 2 


Bones  of  the  J  Lachrymal 
Face.        '  I'liliitine.... 


Inferior  Spongy 2 

V'omijr 1 

Inferior  Maxillary 1 

Tncisores 8 

<  Cuspidati 4 

(^Molares 20 


I  Ilyoid . 


Denies, 

or 

Teeth. 

Bono  of  the 

Tonjue. 

I  Malleus 2 

Bones  of  the)  Incus 2 

Imv.        1  Oibiculare 2 

f  Stapes 2 

I  Cervical 7 

VertehrcB.    -;  Dorsal  12 

(Lumbar 5 

Sacrum 1 

Os  Cnccygis 1 

The  Pelvis Innominatum 2 

Tbe^''"''^'--{Sul:z:;;:::::;::::::::  I 

The  Arm Humerus.- 

Fore-arm. 


r 


f  Ulna., 
t  Itadius 


Carpus, 

or 

Wrist. 


(  Navu'ulare 2 

I  Lunaro 2 

I  Cuneiforme 2 

I  Orbiculare 2 

Trapezium 2 

Trapezoides 2 

Maiinum 2 

Uueiforme 2 

Metacarpus 10 

I'/iiiliviges 28  j 

The  Thigh Femur 2 

(Patella 2  | 

The  ic^-.     -j  Tibia 2 

(.Fibula.. 2 

f  CalcisOs 2 

Tarsus,    I  .Vstrasalus 2 

or       -j  Cuboides 2 

Instep,    j  XaviciilBre 2 

j  [Cuueiforme 6 

I  Jtet^ilarsus 10 

ll'halanges 28 

Total 240 


The  bones  of  the  o.^,  Boa  Taurus,  are  employed 
in  pharmacy. 
Bo.vE-AcH,  Osteocopus  —  b.  Ague,  Osteocopus. 


BoxE,  Back, Vertebral  column — b.Bar,Pubts,os. 

BoxE  Bia\('k,  see  Carbo  animalis. 

BoxE,  Blade,  Scapula  —  b.  Boat-like,  Os  sca- 
phoides — b.  Breast,  Sternum — b. Crupper,  Coccyx. 

Bone  Earth,  see  Cornu  ustum  —  b.  Fever,  see 
Infliunmation. 

Bonk,  Haunch,  Ilion — b.  Interparietal,  Inter- 
parietal bone. 

Bone  Phosphate  op  Lime,  see  Cornu  ustum. 

Bone,  Bimp,  Coccyx  —  b.  Share,  Pubis  —  b. 
Splinter.  Fibula. 

BONEBINDER,  Osteocolla. 

BONE-DOCTOR,  Hcnnneur. 

BONE-NIPPEllS,  Oxtenl'cnm,  Tcnac'ula.  from 
^e?(eo,  '  1  hold.'  (F.)  Teuaille  iiiciiivc.  An  in- 
strument used  for  cutting  off  splinters  and  car- 
tilages. It  is  a  kind  of  forceps,  the  handles  of 
which  are  strong,  and  the  edges,  which  touch 
each  other,  cutting. 

BONKSET,  Eupatorium  perfoliatum  —  b. 
Rough,  Eupatorium  teucrifolium  —  b.  Upland, 
Eupatorium  sessifolium. 

BONE-SETTER,  Reuoueur. 

BONE-SHAVE,  Neuralgia  femoro-poplita?a. 

BONES,  BRITTLENESS  OF  THE,  Fmgilitas 
ossium — 1).  Friability  of  the,  Fragilitns  ossium — 
b.  Salt  of,  Ammoniie  carbonas  —  b.  Softening  of 
the,  Mollities  ossium. 

IWXHO.MME.  Verbaseum  thapsus. 

BONICEATTER,  Bonnvchibber. 

BONIFACIA,  Ruscus  hypoglossura. 

BONITHLOr.BER,  Bonnyclabber. 

liONNE  DAME.  Atriplox  hortensis. 

BONNES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Bonnes 
is  a  village  six  Iciigiics  from  Pan,  in  the  depart- 
ment KiinticK  Pyreiiren,  France.  Here  arc  several 
thermal  springs.  They  were  celebrated  as  early 
as  the  time  of  Francis  I.,  under  the  name  Emix 
d'Arquehusade.  They  contain  chlorides  of  sodium 
and  magnesium,  sulphates  of  magnesia  and  lime, 
sulphur,  and  silica.  The  temperature  is  from  7S° 
to  98°  Fahrenheit. 

l!\\e  factitionn  Eau  nv.  Bonnes  is  made  of  J¥i/- 
dronulplnirctted  water,  {  i^iv  ;  jyure  water,  Oj.  and 
f,:5ss;  chloride  of  sodium,  gr.  xxs  ;  sulphate  of 
maguesia,  gr.  i. 

IJONNET,  Reticulum. 

nONNET  A  DEUX  GL  ODES,  Bonnet  d'Hip- 
pocrate. 

BONNET  D' HIPP  OCR  ATE,  Cap  of  Hip- 
poc' rates,  Mitra  HIppocrat' icn.  Fas' cia  capita'lix, 
Pi'leus  Hippncral'icus.  A  kind  of  bnndage,  the 
invention  of  which  is  ascribed  to  Hippocrates. 
It  consists  of  a  double-headed  roller,  passed  over 
the  head,  so  as  to  envelop  it  like  a  cap.  The 
French  also  name  it  Bonnet  d.  deux  globes,  Cape- 
line  de  la  tete. 

BONNYCLABBER,  Clahher.  from  lr\»h,hainc, 
'milk,'  and  clahar,  'mire.'  In  Ireland,  sour  but- 
termilk. In  this  country,  the  thick  part  of  sour 
milk.  Boniclatter  and  Boiiilhlohber.  also,  meant 
cream  or  "good  milk  gone  thick.' — Halliwell. 

BONPLANDIA  ANGUSTURA,  Cusparia  fe- 
brifugn — b.  Trifoliata,  Cusparia  febrifuga. 

BONTIA  GERMINANS,Avicennia  tomentosa. 

BONUS  GENIUS,  Peucedanum— b.  Henrieus, 
Chenopodium  bonus  Henrieus. 

BONY,  Osseous. 

BOOCHO,  Diosma  crenata. 

BOON  UPAS,'  Upas. 

BOON  A,  Phaseolus  vulgaris. 

BOOTIA  VULGARIS,  Saponaria. 

BOOTIKIN.  A  glove  with  a  partition  for  the 
thumb,  but  no  separate  ones  for  the  fingers — like 
an  infant's  glove — made  of  oiled  silk. — Dr.  E.  J. 
Seymour.  Horace  Walpole  speaks  in  raptures  of 
the  benefit  he  derived  from  bootikins  in  gout. 

BORACIC  ACID,  Ac"idum  Borac"icuw,  Sol 
sedati'vus    Homber'gi,  Boric  Acid,   (F.)   Avide 


BORAGE 


136 


BOTHRION 


horaciqite.  An  acid  obtained  from  boras,  which 
w  as  once  looked  upon  as  sedative.  It  was  also 
called  ^Icor  Borac" icus,  Sul  vitrioli  vai-cot'icum, 
Sid  vnUit'ile  Bora'cia,  and  Flares  Bora'cia. 

BORAGE,  Borajro  officinalis. 

BORA'GO  UFFICINA'LIS,  Biiglos'aum  ve- 
riim  seu  lali/u'liiDii,  Jiorra'ijo,  Corrn'go,  Bo- 
I'lgo  hoi-toi'eie,  Borarje,  Ihtrrat/e,  (F.)  Bonrrache. 
Ord.  Boraginese.  -Sear.  Si/nt.  Pentandria  Mono- 
gynia.  The  leaves  and  iiowers  have  been  con- 
f-idered  aperient. 

BORAS  SUPERSODICUS,  Borax. 

BORATIIRON,  Juniperus  Sabina. 

BORAX,  Boras  Soda  seu  siipersat'nriis  soda 
s-cn  alcd/cn'ceiis  seu  alcali'nnm  seu  superso'dicus, 
Sodm  Biho'rtis,  Snhhoras  SodcB  seu  na'tricum. 
Soda  Boraxa'ta,  Chryxocol'la,  Copis'trnm  anri, 
Subhorate  of protojc'  ide  of  So'  dinm,Subprotoho'  rate 
if  Sodinm,  Borax  Veu'etiis,  Bornx'trion,  Niirum 
factVlinm,  <fec.,  Siihbo'rate  or  Biborate  of  Soda, 
Borate  of  Soda,  (F.)  Borate  ou  Soiis-borute  de 
Sonde,  Borate  siirsaturc  de  sonde.  It  is  found  in 
an  impure  state  in  Thibet  and  Persia.  It  is  in- 
(Hlorous ;  taste  eool,  and  somewhat  alkaline; 
.■ioluble  in  12  parts  of  water.  Borax  is  seldom 
u.scd  except  as  a  lotion  in  aphtha;. 

BoKATE  OF  Meucuky  has  been  recommended 
as  an  antipvphilitic. 

BORAXTRIOX,  Borax. 

BORBON'IA  RUSCIFO'LIA.  A  small  South 
African  shrub,  used  in  asthma  and  hydrothorax. 
In  decoction,  it  is  given  as  a  diuretic. — Pappe. 

BORRORUS,  Fitnus. 

BORBORYG'MUS,  from  /Jop/Jopu^io,  'I  make  a 
dull  noise.'  Munnur  seu  liombiis  seu  Motus  In- 
testino'rutn,  Anile' ma,  Anile'sia,  O(fliopsoph'ia,  In- 
toiia'tio  intestina'iis,  3turmur  ventris  sou  intesti- 
l.t.'le,  lior'bori/gm,  (Sc.)  Blniter,  BInttcr,  (Prov.) 
CrolUiuj,  Growling,  (F.)  Gargonillenient,  Grouille- 
iiient  d'Entraillcs.  The  noise  made  by  flatus  in 
the  intestines.  This  happens  often  in  health, 
especially  in  nervous  individuals. 

BOUb  (F.),  Margo,  Edge,  Margin.  Anato- 
mists have  so  named  the  boundaries  of  an  organ. 
Thus,  the  bimes,  muscles,  <fee.  have  bords  as  well 
as  bodies.  The  'free  edge,'  bord  libre,  is  one  not 
connected  with  any  part;  the  'adhering  edge,' 
lord  adherent,  one  that  is  connected;  and  the 
lord  articni.riire,  or  'articular  margin  or  edge,' 
that  which  is  joined  to  another  bone. 

BOBD  CILIAIEE,  Ciliary  margin. 

BORDEAUX,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Near  this  great  city,  in  the  south-west  of  France, 
is  a  saline,  chalybeate  spring.  It  contains  oxide 
of  iron,  carbonate  and  sulphate  of  lime,  chlorides 
of  sodium  and  calcium,  subcarbonate  of  soda,  and 
galphatc  of  magnesia. 

BORE,  Boron. 

BORE-TREE,  Sambucus. 

BOiiGNE  (F.),  Codes,  Unoc'nlns,  Luscns, 
Zuscio'sns.  One  who  has  only  one  eye,  or  sees 
only  with  one.  The  word  has  been  used,  figu- 
ratively', for  blind,  in  surgery  and  anatomy.    See 

C'iBCUS. 

BORIUM,  Boron. 

BORKIIAUSENIA  CAVA,  Fumaria  bulbosa. 

BORN,  past  participle  of  tea;-,  (F.)  ne.  Brought 
forth  from  the  womb. 

BoHN  Alive.  It  has  been  decided  by  English 
judges,  that  'to  be  born  alive,'  means,  that  acts 
if  life  must  have  been  manifested  after  the  whole 
body  has  been  extruded;  and  that  respiration  in 
transitu  is  not  evidence  that  a  child  was  born 
alive.  It  must  be  'wholly  born  alive;'  hence 
respiration  may  be  a  sign  of  life,  but  not  of  live 
birth. 

BORON,  Bo'ritim,  Bornm,  (F.)  Bore.  A  simple 
substance,  the  basis  of  boracic  acid  ;  obtained,  by 
beating  potassium  with  boracic  acid,  as  a  dark, 


olive-coloured  powder,  devoid  of  taste  and  smell. 
Heated  in  the  air  or  in  oxygen,  it  is  converted 
into  boracic  acid. 

BOR'OSAIL,  Zael.  ^Ethiopian  names  for  a 
disease,  very  common  there,  which  attacks  the 
organs  of  generation,  and  appears  to  have  con- 
siderable analogy  with  syphilis. 

BORRAGO,  Borago  officinalis. 

BORRl,  Curcuma  longa. 

BORRIBERRI.  Curcuma  longa. 

BORSE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Borse  is 
a  village  in  Beam.     The  waters  are  chalybeate. 

BORUM,  Boron. 

BOSA.  An  yEgyptian  name  for  a  mass,  made 
of  the  meal  of  darnel,  hemp-seed,  and  water.  It 
is  inebriating. — Prospero  Alpini.  At  the  present 
day,  it  is  applied  to  a  kind  of  acidulated  and, 
sometimes,  fermented  scherbet.  In  its  common- 
est form,  it  is  made  by  fermenting  an  infusion  of 
millet-seed.  A  more  agreeable  Bosa  is  prepared 
by  the  I]gyptians  from  tamarinds  and  honey; 
and  by  the  Greeks  from  the  fruit  of  Solanum  Ly- 
copersicum.  This  last  is  called,  by  them,  A/joocir- 
TtKov,  Drosis'ticon. 

BOSCllESJESMANSTIIEE,  Methystophyl- 
lum  glaucum. 

BOSOM,  see  Mamma. 

BOSSA,  Plague  token. 

BOSSE,  Hump,  Protuberance  —  b.  Nasale, 
Nasal  protuberance. 

BOSSU,  see  Hump. 

BOSWELLIA  SERRATA,  see  Juniperus  lycia 
— b.  Thurifera,  see  Juniperus  Ivcia. 

BOTAL  FORA'MEN,  For'a'men  Bota'le  seu 
Botal'lii,  Fora'men  Ova'le,  (F.)  Trott  de  Bo- 
tal,  TroH  ovale.  A  large  opening  which  exists 
in  the  foetus  in  the  partition  between  the  two 
auricles  of  the  heart;  and  by  means  of  which 
the  blood  passes  from  one  to  the  other.  Its 
discovery  is  generally  attributed  to  Leonard  Bo- 
tallus,  Botal,  or  Botalli,  who  wrote  in  1562.  It 
was  spoken  of,  however,  by  Vesalius,  and  evea 
by  Galen. 

BOTANE,  Herb. 

BOTANICAL  DOCTOR,  Ilerb-doctor. 

BOTANIQ  UE  MEDIO  ALE,  Botany,  medical. 

BOT'ANY,  MEDICAL,  Botan'iea  Med'iea, 
Ifedici'ua  Botan'iea,  Phytolog"ia  3fed'ica,  from 
PoTuvn,  'an  herb,'  (F.)  Botanique  3Iedicale.  The 
knowledge  of  the  [)roperties,  characters,  &e.  of 
those  vegetables  which  are  used  in  medicine. 

BOTAR'GO,  (F.)  Botnrgue.  A  preparation 
made  in  Italy  and  the  south  of  France,  with  the 
eggs  and  blood  of  the  MngiUeph'alns  or  Mullet, 
strongly  salted,  after  it  has  become  putrescent. 
It  is  used  as  a  condiment. 

BOT ARGUE,  Botargo. 

BOTCH,  (I.)  Bozzu.  Of  old,  a  swelling  of  the 
skin.     A  phlegmon.     A  large  ulcerous  allection. 

BOTHOR.  An  Arabic  term  for  al)sccss  in  the 
nares.  It  means,  also,  a  tumour  in  general; 
especially  those  which  are  without  solution  of 
continuity. 

BOTHRIOCEPH'ALUS,  B.  latns,  Bothrio- 
ceph'alum,  from  (iuDpiov,  'a  small  pit,'  and  Ktipa^ri, 
'  head.'  Botrioceph'alus,  Biboth'rinm  latum, 
Tce'nia  lata  seu  vnlgu'ris  seu  os'cnlis  laleral'ibtii 
gctn'inis  seu  grisca  sou  membrana'eea  seu  tenel'la 
seu  denta'ta  seu  linnia'nn  iner'mis  seu  prima  seu 
os'cnlis  lateral'ibus  aolita'riis  seu  aeeph'iila  ecu 
osvnlis  snperficidl'ibns,  Lumbri'cus  latns,  Plnte'a, 
Haly'sis  membrana'cea  seu  lata,  (F.)  Tenia  d  an- 
neaux  courts  ou  Jiou  arme,  Ver  solitaire,  liroad 
Tape-worm.  Common  in  Switzerland,  Russia, 
and  some  parts  of  France.  It  inhabits  the  intes- 
tines of  man,  and  extends  to  an  enormous  length. 
A  broken  specimen  has  been  obtained  60  yards 
long. — Goeze. 

BOTII'RION,  Both'rium,  from  ^o&piov,  'a  small 


BOTHRIUM 


137 


BOURBON-LANCY 


pit,  cavity,'  Ac.  An  alveolus,  or  small  fossa.  A 
Fraall,  deep  ulcer  on  the  cornea. — Galen,  Paulus 
of  ^gina.     See  Fonaette. 

BO  rilRTUM,  Bothrion,  Fotaette. 
BOTIIIIOS,  Fovea. 
BOIMX.  Torcbinthina. 
BdTrrM.  Bronchocele. 

BOTOTIIINUM.     An  obscure  term,  used  by 
Piiraci'lsus  to  denote  the  most  striking  symptom 
of  a  (lisi'iise: — the  Fton  morhi. 
BOTOU,  Pnreira  brava. 
BOTIUOOKPHALUS,  Bothriocephalus. 
]?0riUOX.  Alveolus. 

BOTllOl'IlIS  SERPENTARIA,  Actsea  race- 
mosa. 

BOTRYS,  Chenopodium  botrys,  see  Vitis  vini- 
fera — b.  Ambrosioides,  Cheno|)odium  ambrosio- 
iiles — 1).  Americana,  Chenopodium  ambrosioides 
— b.  Antlieliuintica,  Chenopodium  anthelminti- 
cum — Vi.  McNicana,  Chenopodium  ambrosioides. 

IWTTIXE  {¥.).  A  thin  hoot  or  hmkin,  O'cren 
le'vinr.  An  instrument  which  resembles  a  small 
boot,  furnished  with  springs,  straps,  buckles,  &c., 
and  used  to  obviate  distortions  of  the  lower  ex- 
tixMnities  in  children. 

]5()TTf,K-N0SR.  Gutta  rosea. 
BOTTLH-STOOP.    In  Pharmacy,  an  arrange- 
ment for  giving  the  proper  inclination  to  a  bottle 
containing  a  powder,  so  as  to  admit  of  the  con- 
tents being  readily  removed  by  the  knife,  in  dis- 
pensing  medicines.      It    consists  of  a  block  of 
wood  with  a  groove  in  the  upper  surface,  to  re- 
ceive the  bottle  in  an  oblique  position. 
BOTTOM.  Niitos. 
BO'I'TRY-TRKK,  Sambucus. 
B0iniAT,TOS,  Momordica  elaterium,  Vulva. 
.BOUBON,  Bubo. 

BOUOAGE  ANL%  Pimpinella  anisura  — 6. 
Mnjeur,  Pimpinella  magna  —  6.  MIneur,  Pimpi- 
nella sax'ifraga — h.  Petit,  Pimpinella  sa.xifraga. 

nOUGIIE,  Mouth  — 6.  Pdteuae,  Clammy 
mouth. 

JIO !fCLE^rENT,  Infibulation. 
BOUE,  see  Corruption. 

BOUE  SPLENIQVE.  The  altered  blood  ex- 
travasated  into  the  splenic  cells  has  been  so 
called. 

BOUES!  DES  EAUX  {¥.),  Bones  Minirales, 
Bul'iiea  Cieiio'sa.  The  mud  or  swamp,  formed 
near  mineral  springs,  impregnated  with  the  sub- 
stances contained  in  such  springs,  and  conse- 
quently possessing  similar  properties.  The  Boues 
are  applied  generally  and  topically,  in  France,  at 
the  springs  of  St.  Ainand,  BagnereS  de  Luchon, 
Bagnols,  and  Bareges;  in  the  United  States,  at 
the  While  Sulphur  in  Virginia,  &c. 

BOUES  MINE  RALES,  Poues  des  eanx. 
BOUFFE,  (F.)     The  small  eminence,  formed 
by  the  junction  of  the  two  lips. — Delaureus. 
Bot'FFK.  Eructation. 
BOUFFEE  DE  CHALEUR,  Flush. 
BOUFFISSURE,  Puffiness. 
BOFG/E,   (F.)     A   wax   candle:    Candel'nlci, 
Cfinde'lti,  C  cp'ren  seu   tncdicn'tti,  Cp'reiim  medi- 
rii'tiim,  Cere'oliis  (Viirnrf/o'riim,  Da'dion,  Speci/'- 
lidti  ce'reiiiii,    VIrrjn  ce'ren,  Cere'olitn.      A   flexible 
cylinder,  variable  in  size,  to   be   introduced  into 
the  urethra,  oesophagus,  rectum,  <tc.,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  dilating  thei>e  canals,  when  contracted. 
A  Simple  Boiiijie  is  composed  of  solid  and  inso- 
luble substant-es  ;  ns  plaster,  elastic  gum,  gutta 
pcrcha,  catgut  —  (Bougie  de  Corde  d  hoyau,)  Ac. 
It  acts  of  course  only  mechanically. 

BoroiE,  Mkd'icatkd,  (F.)  B.  Medicamenteufie, 
has  the  addition  of  some  escharotic  or  other  sub- 
stance to  destroy  the  obstacle;  as  in  the  Caustic 
Boiifjie.  fF.)  B.  catitfriscinte,  B.  armee.B.  emplns- 
liqiic,  which  has  a  small  portion  of  Lunar  Caus- 


tic or  Common  Caustic  inserted  in  its  extremity. 
Bueamp  has  recommended  a  Bougie,  which  swells 
out  near  its  extremity,  for  the  better  dilating  of 
the  urethra.  This  he  calls  B.  d  ventre.  The 
metallic  Bougie,  invented  by  Smyth,  is  a  compo- 
sition of  metal,  allowing  of  great  flexibility;  and 
a  hollow  IJoufjie  is  one  with  a  channel  running 
through  it,  to  be  used  in  the  same  manner  as  the 
catheter,  or  otherwise. 

BouoiK,  Utehine,  Sound,  uterine. 
BOUILLIE,   (F.)   Pultic'nla,  Pap,  from  (F.) 
houillir,  'to  boil.'     Flour,  beaten  and  boiled  with 
milk.     It  is  a  common  food  for  infants. 

BOUILLON,  (F.)  from  houillir,  'to  boil,'  Jus, 
Sorhit"io.  A  liquid  food,  made  by  boiling  the 
flesh  of  animals  in  water.  The  osniazome,  gela- 
tin, and  soluble  salts  dissolve  :  the  fat  melts,  and 
the  albumen  coagulates.  Bouillon  is  nourishing, 
owing  to  the  gelatin  and  osmazome.  The  Jjis  de 
Vinnde  is  a  very  concentrated  Bouillon,  prepared 
of  beef,  mutton,  veal,  <fec. 

BOUILLON,  in  common  language,  in  France, 
means  a  round  fleshy  excrescence,  sometimes 
seen  in  the  centre  of  a  venereal  ulcer. 

BOUILLON  BLANC,  Verbascum  nigrum. 
BOUILLONS  MEDICINAUX  ou  PHAR- 
3IAGEUTIQUES,  Medicinal  or  Pharmaceutic 
Bonillonn,  contain  infusions  or  decoctions  of  me- 
dicinal herbs.  The  Bouillon  anx  herbes  is  gene- 
rally composed  of  sorrel  or  beef. 

BOUILLON  d'OS,  (F.)  Bouillon  from  hones, 
is  obtained  by  treating  bones  with  muriatic  acid, 
in  order  to  dissolve  the  earth}'  parts.  The  gela- 
tin, which  remains,  is  then  boiled  with  a  little 
meat  and  vegetables. — D'Arcet.  Bouillon,  how- 
ever, can  be  easily  obtained  from  the  bones  of 
roast  meat  by  simple  coeticm. 

BOUILL  ONNEMENT,  Ebullition. 
BOUIS,  Buxus. 

BOULE  D'ACIER,  Ferrum  tartarizatum— 6, 
de  Ifars,  Ferrum  tartarizatum  —  b.  de  Mohheim, 
Ferrutn  tartarizatum  —  h.  de  Nancy,  Ferrum  tar- 
tarizatum. 
nOULEAU  COMMUN,  Betula  alba. 
BOULESIS,  Voluntas. 

BOULIM'IA,  Bulim'ia,  Bulim'ius,  Bu'limus, 
Bou'limos,  Bulimi'asis,  JJolis'mos,  Eclim'ia,  Fames 
cani'na  sen  bovi'na  seu  lupi'na,  Appeti'tus  cani- 
nus,  Appeten'tia  cani'na,  Adcpha'gia,  Cynorex'ia, 
Orex'in  ci/no'des,  Bupi'na,  Bupei'na,  Phagfg'na, 
PhagcdfB'na,  from  (iovi,  'an  ox,'  and  Xiftog, 
'  hunger  ;'  or  from  iSou,  augmentative  particle,  and 
Xifjos,  'hunger,'  (F.)  Boulimle,  Faini  canine,  F. 
derorante,  Poli/phagie.  An  almost  insatiable 
hunger.  A  canine  appetite.  It  is  sometimes 
seen  in  hysteria  and  pregnancy ;  rarely  under 
other  circumstances. 
BOULIMIE.  Boulimia. 

BOULOGNE,     MINERAL     WATERS     OF. 
Boulogne  is  in  the  department  of  Pas-de-Calais, 
France.     The  waters  are  chalybeate. 
BOUNCIN(}  BET,  Saponaria, 
BOUND,  Costive. 
BOUNTREE,  Sambucus. 
BOUQUET  ANATOMfQUE  DE  RIOLAN, 
(F.)  from  bouquet,  a  collection  of  flowers  or  other 
substances  tied  together.    A  name  given,  by  some 
anatomists,  to   the   collection  of  ligaments   and 
muscles,  inserted  into  the  styloid  process  of  the 
temporal  bone. 

Boi'QiTicT  Fever.  Densrue. 
BOURBILLON.  see  Furunculus  (core). 
BOURBOX-LANCY,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Bourbon-Lancy  is  a  small  village  in  the 
department  of  Saone-et-Loire,  France:  where 
there  are  thermal  saline  springs,  containing  car- 
bonic acid,  chloride  of  sodium,  and  sulphate  of 
soda,  chloride  of  calcium,  carbonate  of  lime,  iron. 


BOURBON   L'ARCIIAMBAUT        1^8 


BRACIIIOCYLLOSIS 


and   silica.     Their   heat   is   from   106°    to   135° 
Fiihroiiheit. 

BOURBON  L'ARCIIAMBAUT.  MINERAL 
WATERS  OF.  This  town  is  in  the  department 
of  Aliier,  six  leasues  west  from  Moulins.  and 
has  been  long  celebrated  for  its  thernial  chaly- 
beate waters.  They  contain  sul])h()hy(lric  acid, 
sulphate  of  soda,  magnesia,  and  lime,  carbonate 
of  iron,  and  silica.  Their  temperature  varies 
between  \"C>°  and  1-15°  Fahrenheit. 

BOURBONNE  -  LES  -  BAINS,  MINERAL 
WATERS  OF.  These  springs  are  seven  leagues 
from  Langres,  department  of  Haute -Marne, 
France.  They  are  thermal  and  saline,  and  have 
been  long  celebrated.  Temperature  from  10(;° 
to  133°  Fahrenheit.  The  FdcHtioim  water,  (F.) 
Enu  de  Bniirbonne-les-Bnins,  Aqua  Borfoiioi'sis, 
is  composed  of  water,  containing  twice  its  bulk 
of  carbonic  acid,  f^xxss;  chloride  of  sodium, 
f  ^j.  chloride  of  calcium,  gr.  x,  &c. 

'iiOURBOULE.  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
A  village  near  Mont  d'Or,  where  there  are  two 
thermal  saline  springs. 

BOUItDAINB.  Rhamnus  frangula. 
BOl'I{DO,yyK.U/-JXT,  Tinnitus  anrium. 
BOURDON  SET.  I'ulril'Ins,  P.   e   linawen'tii 
coitfec'tus  seu  rotuu'dus,  Donnil.    A  term  in  French 
surgery  for  charpie  rolled  into  a  small  mass  of 
an  olive  shape,  which  is  used  for  plugging  wounds, 
absorbing    the    discharge,    and     preventing     the 
union  of  their  edges.    In  cases  of  deep  and  pene- 
trating wounds,  as  of  the  abdomen  or  chest,  a 
thread  is  attached  to  them  by  which  they  may 
be   readily   withdrawn,   and    be  prevented  from 
passing  altotrether  into  those  cavities. 
BOUHGENE.  Rhamnus  frangula. 
BOURGEON,  Granulation,  Papula— ?/.  Char- 
»ii(,  Granulation. 

BOURGEONNEMENT,  see  Generation. 
BOURGEONS.  Gutta  rosea. 
BOURGUEPTNE,  Rhamnus, 
BOURRAGHE,  Borago  officinalis. 
BOURRELET    (F.)    A    Pad,    a    Border.     A 
fibro-cartilaginous  border,  which  surrounds  cer- 
tain articulnr  cavities,  such  as  the  glenoid  cavity 
of  the  scapula  and  the  acetabulum  ;  by  which  the 
depth  of  those  cavities  is  augmented.     See  Cor- 
pus Callosum. 

BOURRELET  ROULE.  Cornu  ammonis. 
BOURSE  d  BERGER,  Thlaspibursa— 6.  d 
Paxtcur.  Thlaspibursa. 

BOURSES  {LES),  Scrotum— 5.  Mucilagi- 
»ie»«e«.  Bursa}  mucosae  —  li.  Muqueuaes,  Bursas 
mucosae. 

BOURSOUFLURE,  Puffiness. 
BOURTREE,  Sambucus. 
BO USSOLE.  Glossanthrax. 
BOUT  DE  SEIN  (¥.),   'End  of  the  breast,' 
'nipple.'     An  instrument  of  caoutchouc  or  ivory 
to  place  over  the  nipple  when  the  infant  sucks, 
soon  after  delivery,  or  where  the  nipple  is  in  a 
morbid  condition. 

BOUTON,  Papula— 6.  d' Alep.  see  Anthrax— 
6.  Malin,  see  Anthrax  —  h.  d'Or,  Ranunculus 
acris.       •  ^ 

BOUTONNfERE  (F.),  Fixiu'ra,  Licis'io.  A 
long  incision  made  into  the  urethra  to  extract  a 
cak-ulus  from  the  canal,  when  it  is  too  large  to 
be  discharged. 

Also,  a  small  incision  or  puncture,  made  in  the 
peritoneum,  or  above  the  pubis,  to  penetrate  the 
bladder  in  certain  cases  of  retention  of  urine. 
BOVACHEVO,  Datura  sanguinea. 
BOVILL.E.  Rubeola. 
BOVISTA.  Lycoperdon. 
BOWEL.  Intestine. 
BOWLEGGED,  see  Cnemoseoliosis. 


BOWMAN'S  CAPSULE,  sec  Kidney. 

BOW.MAN'S  ROOT,  Euphorbia  coroUata,  Gil. 
lenia  trifoliata.  Leptandria  purpurea. 

BOXBERRY.  Ganltheria. 

BOX.  MOUNTAIN,  Arbutus  nva  ursi. 

BOX  TREE,  Buxus,  Cornns  Florida. 

BOXWOOD,  Cornus  Florida. 

BOYAU,  Intestine— &.  PoUiiiique.  sec  Pollen. 

BRABYLON,  Prunum  Diimascenum. 

BRACIIERIOLUM.  Truss. 

BRACIIERIUM.  Truss. 

BRACIIIA  COPULATIVA,  see  Peduncles  of 
the  Cerebellum. 

BRACIIIA  PONTIS,  see  Peduncles  of  the 
Cerebellum. 

BRACIILlilUS,  Brachial  — b.  Internus,  Bru- 
chialis  anterior. 

BRA'CHIAL,  Brachia'lin,  Brachi(p'uK,  from 
Bracliiiim,  '  the  arm.'     What  belongs  to  the  arm. 

Brachial  Aponkuro'sis.  An  aponeurosis, 
formed  particularly  by  expansions  of  the  tendinis 
of  the  latissimus  dorsi,  pectoralis  major,  and  del- 
toides  muscles,  and  which  completely  envelops 
the  muscles  of  the  arm. 

Brachial  Artery,  Arte'ria  hrachia'lis,  Tin', 
meral  Artery,  (F.)  Artere  ou  Troiic  hrachial. 
The  artery,  which  extends  from  the  axilla  to  tho 
bend  of  the  elbow;  where  it  divides  into  A.  cuhi- 
falis  and  A.  radinlis.  It  passes  along  the  infer- 
nal edge  of  the  biceps,  behind  the  median  nerve 
and  between  the  accompanying  veins.  Under 
the  name  Brachial  Arten/,  Chaussier  incluilos 
the  subclavian,  axillary,  and  humeral,  the  last 
being  the  brachial  proper. 

Brachial  Muscle,  Antrrior,  Mus'euhut  Bm- 
chin'lii  Aiite'rior.  Brachia'lis  internus  seu  niiti'- 
ens,  Brachias'na,  B.  internus.  (F.)  Jlfificle  brnrhiul 
interne,  Humern-cnbital — (Ch.^  This  nniscle  is 
situate  at  the  anterior  and  inferior  part  of  the 
arm,  and  before  the  elbow-joint.  It  arises,  flesliy, 
from  the  middle  of  the  os  humeri,  and  is  inserted 
into  the  coronoid  process  of  the  ulna.  Use,  To 
bend  the  fore-arm. 

Brachial  Plexus,  Plexus  Brachia'h's.  is  a 
nervous  plexus,  formed  by  the  interlacing  of  Ihe 
anterior  branches  of  the  last  four  cervical  pnirs 
and  the  first  dorsal.  It  is  deeply  seated  in  tlie 
hollow  of  the  axilla,  and  extends  as  far  as  tho 
inferior  and  lateral  part  of  the  nc-k.  It  gives 
off  the  thoracic  nerves,  supra  and  infra  scopnlur, 
and  the  brachial  (which  are  six  in  number),  the 
axillary,  cutanci/us,  musculo-cutaneous,  radiul, 
cubital,   and    median. 

Brachial  Veins  are  two  in  number,  and  ac- 
company the  artery,  frequently  anastomosin;; 
with  each  other:  they  terminate  in  the  axillary, 
Under  the  term  Brachial  Veins,  Chaussier  in- 
cludes the  humeral,  axillary,  and  subclavian. 

BRACJIIALE.  Carpus. 

B  R  A  C  II I  A  L '  G  I  A,  Neurnl'gin  Braehiu'lii, 
from  (ijia-)(_Ltiiv,  'the  arm,'  and  aXyoi,  'pain.'  Pain 
in  the  arm,  neuralgia  of  the  arm. 

BRACniALIS.  Brachial— b.  Anticus.  Brachid 
muscle — b.  Externus,  see  Triceps  extensor  cubili 
— b.  Internus,  Brachial  muscle. 

BRACIIIERIUM,  Truss. 

BRACIIILE,  Truss. 

BRACHILUVIUM,  Bath,  arm. 

BRACIIIO-CEPllALIC  ARTERY,  Innnmi- 
nata  artcria — b.  Veins,  InnoininaLne  venue. 

B  R  A'C  II 1 0-C  U'B  IT  A  L,  Brachio-cuhUn'liK 
That  which  belongs  both  to  the  arm  and  cnbiln?. 
This  name  has  been  given  to  the  internal  lateriil 
ligament  of  the  elbow-joint  :  because  it  is  at- 
tached to  the  OS  brachii  or  os  humeri  and  to  the 
cubitus  or  ulna. 

BRACmOCYLLO'SIS,  from  /^pax"-".  '"^^ 
arm,'  and  kuAXuxtij,  'the  act  of  making  crooked.' 


BRACIIION 


139 


BRAS 


Curvature  of  the  arm  inwards.  Paralysis  or  loss 
of  power  fri)m  curvature  of  the  arm. 

BKACHION.  Brachiutn. 

BllACIIION'CUS,  from  j3p.i;^(u)i/,  'the  arm,' 
and  oyKOi.  'a  swelling.'     A  tumour  of  the  arm. 

BRA'CIII0-KA'DrAL,//;r,rA/o-,v„/,V,7;«.  That 
■which  lielongs  to  the  hracliium  and  radius.  Thi.s 
name  has  been  applied  to  the  e.\ternal  lateral 
ligament  of  the  elbow-joint,  because  it  is  attached 
to  the  hniiicrus  and  to  the  radius.  See  Supinator 
radii  loiiirus. 

BUACllIORRTIEU'MA,  Rheumctis'mus  hra'- 
chii,  from  /jpu;^iwi/,  'the  arm,'  and  ptu/ja.  'deflux- 
ion.  rlu'uniatisui.'     llheumatism  of  the  arm. 

BKAClIIOT'OMy,  Brnr]n„t„m'!n,  from  Ppa- 
p^KDv,  'arm,'  and  rojiri,  'incision.'  Amputation  of 
the  arm. 

BRACIiniOLUM,  Truss. 

BRA'CIllUM,  nni'cli!,,,,,  Lncer'tiis,  (F.)  Bras, 
'the  arm.'  The  arm  from  the  shoulder  to  the  wrist, 
or  the  |)art  between  the  shoulder  and  elbow.  See 
Humeri  Os. 

BRA'cnniM  Ante'uiur.  A  rounded  process, 
which  passes  from  the  anterior  pair  of  the  cor- 
pora quadri,!j;emina  (iintei)  obliquely  outwards 
into  tlie  thahirniis  opticus. 

BuAciiiuM  MovKNs  QiiAHTtTS,  Latissimus  dorsi. 

Biia'chium  PiJstk'riits.  A  rounded  process, 
■wliieh  passes  from  the  posterior  pair  of  the  qua- 
drii^einina  (teHten)  obliquely  outwards  into  the 
optic  thalamus. 

BRACIIUNA,  Nymphomania,  Satyriasis. 

BRACIIYAU'CHEN,  from  l3p„xvs,  'short,' and 


uxnv, 


'neck.'     One  who  has  a  short  neck. 


BRACHYCEPH'AL.'E  (Gentes),  'short  heads,' 
from  0finxf's,  'short,'  and  K€ipa\ij<  'head.'  In  the 
classification  of  Retzius,  those  nations  of  men 
whose  cerebral  lobes  do  not  completely  cover  the 
cerebellum — as  the  Sclavonians,  Fins,  Persians, 
Turks,  Tartars,  &c. 

BRACIIYCIIRON'TUS,  from  (ipf>x«i-  '?hort,' 
and  xP"''"!)  'time.'  That  which  continues  but  a 
short  time.  A  term  a])plied  to  diseases  which 
are  of  short  duration.- — (Jalen. 

BRACIIYGNA'TIIUS,  from  [ipaxv;,  'short,' 
and  yvaOai,  'the  under  jaw.'  A  monster  with  too 
short  an  under  jaw. — Gurlt. 

BRACIIYNSIS,  Abbreviation. 

BRACIIYPNCEA,  Dyspnoea. 

BRACHYP'OTI,  from  fipaxvi,  'short,'  and 
roTrji,  'drinker.'  They  who  drink  little,  or  who 
drink  rarely.     Ilippocrntes,  Galen,  Focsius. 

BRACIIYRHYN'CHUS.  from  lipaxoi,  'short,' 
and  pvyxos,  'snout.'  A  monster  with  too  short  a 
nose. 

BRACIIYSMO.S,  Aldireviation, 

BRACING,  Corroborant. 

BRACKEN,  Pteris  aquilina. 

BRADYiESTIIE'SIA,  from  ffouSvi,  'difficult,' 
and  aiaihiffii.  'sensation.'     Impaired  sensation. 

BRADYBOLISMUS,  Bradyspermatismus. 

BRADVECOIA,  Deafness. 

BRAI)YLOG"IA.  Dijsl„'l!n  ;  fromjSpaSvs,  'diffi- 
cult,'and  Aoyof.  'a  discourse.'  Difficultj' of  speech. 

BR.ADYMASE'SIS,  Jirndi/masxe'nis,  impro- 
perly /{rfi'li/m'inte'ni>i,  MntnlHctt'tio  d!(Jic"ilh, 
from  /Spat'ii?,  'difficult,'  and  unar^aii,  'nmstiea- 
tion.'     bilVicult  mastication.     See  Dysmasesis. 

BRADY.MASTESIS.  Bradymascsis. 

BRADYl'EP'SIA,  Tnrdn  cibo'nim  concoc'tio, 
from  lioii^ii(,  'slow.'  and  vcirria.  '1  digest.'  Slow 
difcestion.— Galen.     See  Dyspepsia. 

BRADYSPERMATFS'.M TS,  /lrndi/bo?>s'mHs, 
Ehfiiht'li'i  Kciii'iiiin  iiii/>t(li'ltx,  DiiupcrmatWmun, 
from  tipai^fs.  'slow,'  and  anpiia,  '.sperm.'  A  slow 
emission  of  sperm. 

BRADYSU'RIA,  TeiiFi'mim  rvni'ca,  (F.)  T^- 
nenrne  vi<<ical,  from  (ipaivs,  '  difficult,'  and  ovptiv, 


'to  pass  the  urine.'  Painful  evacuation  of  the 
urine,  with  perpetual  desire  to  void  it.     Dysuria. 

BRADYTOCIA,  Dystocia. 

BRAG'GET,  liraijyart,  liragwort.  A  name 
formerly  applied  to  a  tisan  of  honey  and  water, 
See  Ilydromeli. 

BUM  LIQUIDE,  see  Pinus  sylvestris  —  6. 
Sec,  Colo))honia. 

BRAIN,  Cerebrum — b.  Fag,  see  Nervous  dia- 
thesis. 

BuAix,LiTTLE,  Cerebellum. 

BitAix  Pan,  Cranium — b.Sand,  see  Pineal  gland. 

BRAINE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Braine 
is  a  small  village,  three  leagues  froiu  Soissons, 
France,  which  has  purgative  waters  similar  to 
those  of  Passy. 

BRAIRETrE,  Primula  veris. 

BRAKE,  COMMON,  Pteris  Aquilina— b.  Rock, 
Polypodium  vulgare,  Polypodium  incanum. 

15uAKK  Root,  Po!yi)odium  vulgare. 

BRAKING,  Vomiting,  Vomiturition. 

BRA.MBLE,  AMERICAN  HAIRY,  see  Rubus 
frutieosus — b.  Common,  Rubus  fruticosus. 

BRA.MBLE-BERRIES,  see  Rubus  fruticosus. 

BRAN,  Furfur. 

BHANC-UliSINE  BATARDE,  Ileracleum 
spondylium. 

BRANCA  GERMANICA,  Ileracleum  spondy- 
lium—  b.  Ursina,  Acanthus  mollis  —  b.  Vera, 
Acanthus  mollis. 

BRANCH,  from  (F.)  Brnnclie,  originally,  pro- 
bably, from  (ipaxt'ov,  'an  arm,'  [?]  because  branches 
of  trees,  <fcc.,  go  oft"  like  arms.  A  term  applied, 
generally,  to  the  principal  division  of  an  artery 
or  nerve.  The  word  is  commonly  used  synony- 
mously with  RdiHun  ;  but  often,  with  the  French, 
Bidiiche  signifies  the  great  division  ; — Rnmenu, 
Lat.  RriiiiuK,  the  division  of  the  branches  ;  and 
R((iniis('i(lcs,  Lat.  Raiiiiisculi,  the  divisions  of 
these  last. 

The  French,  also,  speak  of  the  hranches  of  the 
pubis  for  the  Rami  of  that  bone,  branches  of  tlio 
ischium  for  the  rami  of  the  ischium,  Ac. 

BRANCHES  DE  LA  MOELLE  ALLON- 
GEE  [PETITES],  Corpora  restiformia. 

BRANCIII,  Branvhm.  Swellings  of  the  ton- 
sils, or  parotid,  according  to  some; — of  the  thy- 
roid gland,  according  to  others. 

BRAN'CniA,  (Gr.)  ^payxia.  The  gills  or  re- 
spiratory organs  of  fislies,  corresponding  to  tho 
lungs  of  terrestrial  animals. 

BRANCIIUS,  lipayxos,  Raiice'do.  A  catarrhal 
affection  of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  fauces, 
trachea,  &o. — Galen.     Hoarseness. 

BRANCI,  Cynanche  tonsillaris. 

BRANCIA,  Vitrura. 

BRANDWINE,  Brandy. 

BRANDY",  (G.)  Branntwcin,  Dutch, 
Brandwijn,  'burnt  wine,'  (Old  Eng.)  Brand- 
wine.  Viniim  adus'tiim  seu  creiiia'tiim,  Agua 
VitcB,  (F.)  Spir'itits  vhi  Gall'i'ci,  (Ph.  U.  S.) 
Spir'itiis  Gtdl'icas,  Eaii  de  vie,  (S.)  Afjiiardienli'. 
The  first  liquid  product  obtained  by  distilling 
wine.  It  is  composed  of  water,  alcohol,  and  an 
aromatic  oily  matter,  which  gives  it  its  flavour. 
Brandy  is  a  powerful  and  diffusible  stimulant, 
and  as  such  is  used  in  medicine.  It  has  been 
also  called  Liquor  Aqiiile'i/ins.     See  Spirit. 

BnANDY,  Apple,  see  Pyrus  malus — b.  Egg,  see 
Ovum. 

Bkandy-Bottles,  see  Nymphaea  lutea. 

Brandy-Face.  Gutta  rosea. 

BRANKS,  Cynanche  parotidaea. 

BRANKUR.SINE,  Acanthus  mollis. 

BliAXyrWEIN,  Brandy. 

BRAS.     See  Oryza. 

BliAS,  Brachium — b.  du  Cervelet,  Corpora  res- 
tiformia. 


BRASDOR'S   OPERATION        140 


BREGMA 


BRASDOR'S  OPERATION  FOR  ANEU- 
RISM. An  oper.ation  by  ligature,  proposed  by 
lirasdor,  which  consists  in  the  application  of  the 
ligature  on  the  distal  side  of  the  tumour. 

BRASEGUR,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Bras6gur  is  a  place  in  the  diocese  of  Rhodez, 
where  there  are  cathartic  waters. 

BRASE.VIA,  B.  Hydropeltis. 

Biiasb'nta  Hyduopel'tis,  Brase'nin,  B.  Pel- 
tii'tii,  H  11  drupel' tin  purpu'rea,  Gehttinn  aquat'icn, 
Froyleaf.  Little  Water  Lily,  Water  JtUy,  Water 
nhield,  Water  tanjct,  Beei'/ood.  An  indigenous 
plant,  J.V<(^  Ord.  RanunculaceiB,  Sex.  Syst.  Poly- 
nndria  Polygynia,  flourishing  from  Kentucky  to 
Carolina  and  Florida;  and  covering  the  surface 
of  ponds,  marshes,  &c.  The  fresh  leaves  are 
mucilaginous,  and  have  been  used  in  pulmonary 
complaints,  dysentery,  &c.,  like  Cetraria. 

BiiASKNiA  Peltata,  B.  Hydropeltis. 

BRASH,  (Sc),  of  uncertain  etymology.  A 
transient  attack  of  sickness.  A  bodily  indispo- 
sition.— Jamieson.  A  rash  or  eruption.  (Prov. 
West  of  England.) 

Brash,  Water,  Pyrosis, 

Brash,  Weaning,  (Sc.)  Speaning  hraah, 
Atroph'ia  Ablactato' rum.  A  severe  form  of 
diarrhoea,  which  supervenes  at  times  on  weaning. 
The  Maladie  de  Oruveilhier  appears  to  be  a  simi- 
lar affection. 

BRAStLETTO,  see  Caesalpinia. 

BRASrUM,  Malt. 

BRASMOS,  Fermentation. 

BRASS,  Sax.  bpar,  Wclnh,  pr6s.  AurichaV- 
cxtm,  properly,  Orichal'ctim,  ('mountain  brass,' 
from  opo;,  'a  mountain,'  and  p^aXicof,  'brass.') 
Chri/sriclial'cos,  C/ialcnn,  Esccavum,  (F.)  Airaiii. 
A  yellow  metal,  formed  by  mixing  copper  with 
calamine.  The  same  general  remarks  apply  to  it 
as  to  copper.     See  Cuprum, 

BRAS'SICA,  Crambe,  B.olera'cea  seu  capita'- 
tn  seu  cnma'na  of  the  old  Romans.  The  C&h- 
hiige,  {F.)  Cfioii  potaycr.  Ocrfer,  Cruciferae.  Sex. 
Si/it.  Tetradynamia  Siliquosa.  Cato  wrote  a 
book  on  its  virtues.  It  is  a  vegetable  by  no 
moans  easy  of  digestion  when  boiled;  when  raw, 
it  appears  to  be  more  digestible.  When  forming 
a  solid  globular  mass,  like  a  head,  it  is  the  B. 
C'apita'ta,  (F.)  Chou-Uubun,  Choii  Pomme. 

BuAssiCA  Canina,  Mercurialis  perennis  —  b. 
Capitata,  Brassica — b.  Cumana,  Brassica. 

IJras'sica  EftU't'A,  B.  hig'pida,  Eru'ea,  E.foe'- 
tida  seu  sati'va,  Siiia'pis  eru'ea,  Sinym'br{um 
ei- Ilea  n't  rum,  Garden  Rocket,  Roman  Rochet, 
Shinlock,  Ac,  (F.)  Ghou  Roquette,  Roqnette. 
This  was  considered  by  the  Romans  an  aphrodi- 
siac.—  Columella.  The  seeds  were  ordinarily 
used. 

Bras'siCA  FlOr'ida,  —  Braa'sica  Pompeia'na 
of  the  ancients — the  Caidijloicer,  Catdia  Flor'ida, 
(F. )  Chou-Jieiir,  \s  a  more  tender  and  digestible 
variety. 

The  Broc'eoli,  B.  Sabel'licu  of  the  Romans,  B, 
Jtal'ica,  belongs  to  this  variety. 

Brassica  IIispida.  B.  eruoa  —  b.  Italica,  B. 
Florida — b.  Marina,  Convolvulus  soldanella. 

Bras'sica  NapuS,  Napns  Si/lveitris,  Bu'niaa, 
Rape,  (F.)  Navette.  The  seed  yields  a  quantity 
of  oil. 

Brassica  Nigra,  Sinapis  nigra — b.  Oblonga, 
B.  rapa  —  b.  Oleracea,  Brassica — b.  Pompeiana, 
B.  Florida. 

BuAS'siCA  Rapa,  Rnpa  rotmi'dn  seu  ohlon'ga 
Feu  napiiH,  Rapum  maJKS,  Sinn'pia  tubero'aa, 
Turnip,  (F.)  Chou  iiavet,  Novet,  Rave.  The  tur- 
nip is  liable  to  the  same  objection  (but  to  a  less 
extent)  as  the  cabbage. 

Brassica  Sadellica,  B.  Florida. 

BRATHU,  Juniperus  sabina. 

BRATHYS,  Juniperus  sabina. 


BRAWLINS,  Arbutus  uva  ursi,  Vaccinium 
vitis  ida'^a. 

BRAWN.  Muscle. 

BRA  YER,  Truss. 

BRAYERA  ANTIIELMINTICA,  Ilagenia 
Abyssinica. 

BRAZIL  WOOD,  Cfcsalpinia  echinata. 

BREAD,  see  Triticum. 

Bread,  Gluten.  Bread  made  of  wheat  dough 
deprived  of  the  chief  portion  of  its  st:irch  by 
washing.  Bread,  made  of  gluten  onl_y,  cannot 
be  eaten,  on  account  of  its  hardness  and  tough- 
ness; hence  one-fifth  of  the  normal  quantity  of 
starch  is  allowed  to  remain,  and  in  this  form  the 
bread  is  said  to  be  tolerably  light,  eatable,  and 
moderately  agreeable. 

BREAn,  HousEnoLn,  Syncomistos. 

BREADBERRY,  Pap. 

BREAD-FRUIT  TREE,  Artocarpus. 

BREAKBONE  FEVER,  Dengue. 

BREAST,  Thorax,  Mamma— b.  Abscess  of  the, 
Mastodynia  apostematosa  —  b.  Pigeon,  see  Lor- 
dosis. 

BREAST-GLASS,  Milk-glaaa.  A  glass  applied 
to  the  nipple  to  receive  the  milk  when  secreted 
copiously  by  the  mamma. 

Breast,  Irritable,  Neuralgia  mammae. 

BREAST-PANG,  SUFFOCATIVE,  Angina 
pectoris. 

BREAST-PUMP,  Antlia  Lactea. 

BREASTWEED,  Saururus  cernuus. 

BREATH,  Sax.  bpase,  (Old  Eng.)  Aande, 
and  Ande,  IJal'itHS,  Anhel'itus,  An'imuH,  Spir'- 
itiis,  At'mos,  (F.)  Halcine.  The  air  expelled  from 
the  chest  at  each  expiration.  It  requires  to  be 
studied  in  the  diagnosis  of  thoracic  diseases  espe- 
cially.    See  Respiration. 

Breath,  Opfens'ive,  Foetor  Oris,  Catoatoma- 
toaphre'ain,  Hal'itits  oria  fvc'tidus,  Oze.  An  offen- 
sive condition,  which  is  usually  dejiendent  upon 
carious  teeth,  or  some  faulty  state  of  the  secre- 
tions of  the  air  passages.  The  internal  use  of  the 
chlorides  may  be  advantageous. 

Breath,  Saturnine,  see  Saturnine— b.  Short, 
Dyspnoea. 

BREATHING  AIR,  see  Respiration. 

Breathing,  DirpicuLTY  of.  Dyspnoea. 

BRECHET,  (P.)  The  Briaket.  This  name  is 
given  in  some  parts  of  France  to  the  eartihiyo 
enaiformis,  and  sometimes  to  the  sternum  itself. 

BRECHMA,  Bregma. 

BRECHMUS,  Bregma. 

BREDISSURE  {¥.),  Triamua  Capiatra'tua. 
Incapacity  of  opening  the  mouth,  in  consequence 
of  preternatural  adhesion  between  the  internal 
part  of  the  cheek  and  gums;  often  occasioned  by 
the  abuse  of  mercury. 

BREDOUILLEMENT  (F.),  Tituhan'tia.  A 
precipitate  and  indistinct  mode  of  utterance,  ia 
which  a  part  only  of  the  words  is  pronounced, 
and  several  of  the  syllables  viciously  changed. 
This  defect  is  analogous  to  stuttering,  but  differs 
from  It  in  being  dependent  on  too  great  rapidity 
of  speech;  whilst  stuttering  is  characterized  by 
continual  hesitation,  and  frequent  repetition  of 
the  same  syllables. 

BREE,  Supercilium. 

BREED,  Race. 

BREEDING,  Generation,  Preo-nant 
.    Breeding,  Cross.    The  act  of  reusing  or  breed- 
mg  from  different  stocks  or  families 

Breeding-in-and-in.  The  act  of  raising  or 
breeding  from  the  same  stock  or  familv 

BREELLS,  Spectacles. 

BREGMA,  Z?;-ccAma,  Brechmua,  from  pptytiv, 
'to  sprinkle;'  Fctanel'la,  Sin'ciput.  The  top 
of  the  head  was  thus  called,  because  it  wa«  be- 
lieved to  be  humid  in  infants;  and,  according  to 


BREGMATODYMIA 


141 


BROMINE 


some,  hppause  it  wns  conceived  to  correspond  to 
the  nioHt  huiirul  part  of  the  brain. 

lUlHdMATODYMIA,  see  Cephalodymia. 
IJUKNNIXd,  Burning. 
BHKIMIOC'TONO.V,  Conyza  squarrosa. 
BH  EI'IIOTROIMIK'UM,  Ecthe/oh-ephotrophc'- 
inii.  fVnin  (iiic.il.oi,  'a  new-born  child,'  and  r/jt^tiv, 
'to  nourisii.'     A  foundling  hospital. 
Jli;h'SILL/'jr,  Cassalpina  sappan. 
BRK'VIA  VASA,  Short   Ve>,,t'ls.     This  name 
has  licon  given  to  several  branches  of  the  splenic 
nrteries  anil  veins,  which  are  distributed  to  the 
great  ml-dn-Han  of  the  stomach. 
BRF.VI.S  CUBIXr,  see  Anconeus. 
BRICK,   (F.)  Jiri</ii(;.     Hot  bricijs  are  some- 
times used  to  apply  heat  to  a  part,  as  to  the  ab- 
domen in  colic,  or  after  the  operation   for  popli- 
teal aneurism  :  or,  reduced  to  very  fine  powder, 
and  mixed  with  fat,  as  an  application  to  herpetic 
and  p?oric  affections. 

BiticKS,  Foriia'ceo!  Testes  or  Tiles  were  for- 
merly bruised  in  vinegar,  and  the  liquid  was  used 
as  a  specific  in  cutaneous  affections.  They  en- 
tered, also,  into  a  cerate  used  for  scrofulous  hu- 
iMonrs,  itc.  To  the  Term  Foriin'cum,  or  Brick 
c'lrth.  flic  same  virtues  were  assigned. 

iniTCKLlKE  SEDIMENT,  see  Lateritious. 
BR  I  CUM  UM,  Artemisia. 

imrDE  (P.),  'a  bridle.'  Fra-'nnlnm,  lieti- 
unc'iiliiiii.  This  terra  is  given,  in  the  plural,  to 
membranous  filaments,  which  are  found  within 
abscesses  or  deep-seated  wounds,  and  which  pre- 
vent the  exit  of  pus.  The  terra  is,  also,  applied 
to  preternatural  adhesions,  which  occur  in  cica- 
trices of  the  skin,  in  the  urethra,  or  in  inflamed 
serous  or  synovial  membranes. 
BRlEF.'Rife. 

BRfKR.  WILD,  Rosa  Canina. 
BRIGIirS    DISEASE   OF  THE    KIDNEY, 
see  Ki'lnev,  Bright's  disease  of  the. 

BRIOHTON,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  air  of  this 
fashionable  watering-place,  on  the  south  coast  of 
England,  is  dry,  elastic,  and  bracing.  Its  cli- 
mate appears  to  the  greatest  advantage  in  the 
autumn  and  early  part  of  the  winter;  when  it  is 
somewliat  mihler  and  more  steady  than  that  of 
Hastings.  Accordingly,  it  is  adapted  for  all 
cases  in  which  a  dry  and  mild  air  at  this  season 
of  the  year  proves  beneficial.  In  the  spring 
months,  owing  to  the  prevalence  of,  and  its  ex- 
posure to,  north-east  winds,  the  climate  is  cold, 
harsh,  and  exciting  to  the  delicate.  It  is  well 
adapted  for  convalescents,  and  for  all  who  require 
a  dry  and  bracing  sea  air. 
BRIMSTONE',  Sulphur. 
BRINE,  Maria. 

BRIXTON  ROOT,  Leptandria  purpurea. 
BRION,  Corallina. 
BIUQUE.  Brick. 

DRIQUEBEC,  MINERAL  AVATERS  OF. 
This  town  is  three  leagues  from  Cherbourg,  in 
J'ranee.  The  water  contains  chloride  of  iron. 
BRIQl'ETE,  Lateritious. 
BRISE-COQUE  (F.),  from  hriser,  'to  break 
to  pieces,'  and  or/iie,  '  a  shell.'  An  instrument 
designed  by  lleurteloup  for  breaking  to  pieces 
the  shell  of  a  vesica!  calculus,  after  it  has  been 
hollowed  by  his  lunudrin  d  rinpile. 

BRISE-PIERRE  ARTWULE  (F.),  from 
hriser,  'to  break  to  pieces,  and  pierre,  'a  stone.' 
An  instrument  invented  by  Jacobson  for  crush- 
ing the  stone  in  the  bladder. 

BRISTOL  HOT  WELL,  Bristolien'sis  Aqun. 
Bristol  is  about  thirteen  miles  from  Bath,  in 
England.  The  water  is  an  almost  pure  thermal; 
slightlv  acidulated.  It  contains  chlorides  of 
magnesium  and  sodium,  sulphate  of  soda,  sul- 
phate of  lime,  carbonate  of  lime,  carbonic  acid, 


oxygen  and  azote.  Temperature,  74°  Fah.  The 
II(jt  Well  has  been  long  celebrated.  Its  action 
is  like  that  of  thermal  waters  in  general.  The 
climate  of  Bristol  is  mild,  and  hence  the  water 
has  been  celebrated  for  the  cure  of  incipient  pul- 
monary consumption.     See  Clifton. 

BRIZOCERAS,  Ergot. 

BROAD,  SnjT.  bpatj,  Latus,  (F.)  Lnnje.  Any 
body  is  so  termed  whose  transverse  extent  is 
considerable  compared  with  its  length.  The 
Broail  Roues,  such  as  the  frontal,  parietal,  occi- 
pital, iliac,  aid  in  forming  the  parietes  of  splanch- 
nic cavities.  Brood  Muselcs  generally  occupy 
the  parietes  of  cavities,  and  especially  those  of 
the  chest  and  abdomen.  The  epithet  has  also 
been  applied  to  other  parts— as  to  the  brood  li'jn- 
ments  of  the  womb,  Ac. 

BROCCOLI,  Brassica  .sabcllica. 

BROCHOS,  fipoxos,  La'qucits.     A  bandage. 

BROCHT,  Vomiting. 

BROCH'THUS,  (ii>ox%s,  Gula.  The  throat. 
Also,  a  kind  of  small  drinking  vessel. — Hipp. 

BROCHUS, /3po;^;os.  This  name  has  been  given 
to  one  who  has  a  very  prominent  upper  lip. 
According  to  others  it  means  one  whose  teeth 
project  in  front  of  the  mouth. 

BRO'DIUM.  A  synonym  of  Jus  or  Jus'cidnm. 
Broth,  or  the  liquor  in  wliich  anj'  thing  is  boiled. 
Bro'diniii  soils — a  decoction  of  salt. 

BROIEMENT,  see  Cataract,  Laceration  -6. 
de  In  Pierre,  Lithotrity. 

BROKELEAK,  Rumex  hydrolapathum. 

BROKEN  DOSES,  see  Doses,  broken. 

BROKEN-WINDEDNESS,  Asthma. 

BROMA,  Aliment,  Bromine. 

BROMATOECCRISIS,  Lientery. 

BROMATOCi'RAPIIY.  Bromf,to(,rnph'i,t,  Bro. 
woij' ropht/,  Rroniorp-ii/di' in,  from  /3pw;i(i,  'food,' 
and  yfiaipri,  'a  description.'  A  description  of  ali- 
ments. 

BROMATOL'OGY,  Brom(itoIog"i<i,  SitioVogy, 
from  jijjiouia,  'food,'  and  Xoyo;,  'a  discourse.'  A 
treatise  on  food. 

BROME,  Bromine. 

BROMEGRASS,  Bromus  ciliatus  — b.  Soft, 
Bromus  ciliatus. 

BROME'LIA  ANA'NAS,  called  after  Olans 
Broinel.  a  Swede.  Cnr'diius  Braxilitt'inis,  Ano'- 
nns  ovn'ta  seu  ocidea'tn,  Anns' sn,  Cnpn-Isiok'kn, 
Ann'nus  or  Pine  Apple,  Sonrsnp.  Order,  Bro- 
meliacenj.  A  West  India  tree,  which  produces 
the  most  delicious  of  fruits. 

Bromk'lia  PlNGt;iN,  Aiin'»ns  America'na,  Piii- 
(fiiin,  Brotrd-leoved  irild  Ano'iuis,  &c.  The  West 
India  plant,  which  affords  the  Pinguin  fruit.  The 
fruit  is  refrigerant,  and  the  juice,  when  ripe,  very 
austere.  It  is  used  to  acidulate  punch.  A  wine 
is  made  from  the  Pinguin,  which  is  very  intoxi- 
cating, and  has  a  good  flavour. 

BliOMIC,  Bro'mirtis;  same  etymon  as  Bro- 
mine.    Containing  bromine. 

BROMIDE  OF  IRON,  see  Bromine  — h.  of 
Mercury,  see  Bromine  —  b.  of  Potassium,  see 
Bromine. 

BROMIDRO'SIS,  from  (Spwixoi,  'stench,'  and 
'i6pwi,  'sweat.'     Offensive  sweat. 

BROMINE,  Bro'minnm  (Ph.  IT.  S.,  18-12),  Bro- 
wiii'iiiin  (1851),  Bruinn,  Rroinin'eiim,  Bro'miimi, 
Bro' ininn,  Bromitm,  Mu'rinu,  Jliiride,  Bronie. 
A  simple  body,  of  a  very  volatile  nature,  and 
highly  offensive  and  suffocating  odour,  whence 
its  name,  from  Pfiui^os,  'a  stench.'  It  is  met  with 
chiefly  in  sea-water,  and  in  many  animal  anil 
vegetable  bodies  that  live  therein.  It  has  like- 
wise been  found  in  many  mineral  waters  of  this 
and  other  countries.  In  its  chemical  relations, 
it  may  be  placed  between  chlorine  and  iodine. 
With  oxygen  it  forms  an  aciil — the  Rromic,  and 
with  hydrogen  another — the  Hi/drobromic. 


BROMIUM 


14: 


BRONCHITIS 


Pure  Bromine;  Bromide  of  Irov,  Ferr!  Bro'- 
midnm,  Fernim  broiiKi'tiiui,  (P.)  Bromure  dc  Fer, 
in  solution,  IlyJrobromate  of  Iron,  Ferri  liydio- 
bro'mus,  Fcrruin  hi/droiro'iiiiriiiii  o.v;jdri'tiiin,{dose, 
gr.  i  or  ij.);  and  Bromide  of  Po^ssium,  Potas'nii 
bro'miditiii,  (F.)  Bromure  de  jjotassiiim,  have  been 
used  mediuinally,  and  chiefly  in  scrof'ulosis  — 
internally,  as  well  as  applied  externally.  Bro- 
mine nia3'  be  dissolved  in  forty  parts  of  distilled 
water,  and  six  drops  be  commenced  with  as  a 
dose.  Bromidks  or  Mercury  (Hi/drar'</i/n'  Bro'- 
mida,  (P.)  Broiitures  de  Meroirc),  have  been  given 
in  syphilis.  The  prolobromide  and  the  bibroiin'de 
are  analogous  in  composition  and  medicinal  pro- 
perties to  the  corresponding  iodides  of  mercury. 

Chloiude  of  Bromine,  Bromin'ii  chlo'ridam 
— made  by  passing  chlorine  through  brouit'ne,  and 
condensing  the  resulting  vapours  by  cold,  has  been 
prescribed  internally,  as  well  as  externally,  in 
cancer;  but  chiefly  in  the  latter  mode,  in  the 
form  of  a  caustic  paste,  either  alone  or  with  other 
chlorides — as  those  of  zinc,  antimony,  and  gold. 

BROMIUM,  Bromine. 

BR0M0(5RAPIIY,  Bromatography. 

BROMOS,  (iputjioi.  One  of  the  cerealia,  sup- 
posed, by  some,  to  be  oats.     See  Avena. 

BROMOSUS,  Fetid. 

BROMUM,  Bromine. 

BROMURE  DE  FER,  see  Bromine  — 6.  de 
3fercure,  see  Bromine  —  b.  de  Potasm'itm,  see 
Bromine. 

BROMUS  CILIA'TUS,  B.  pnrgam,  Brome 
gram;  indigenous:  Order,  Gramineae  ;  is  said  to 
be  emetic,  and  anthelmintic  [?],  cathartic  and 
diuretic.     It  purges  cattle. 

Bromus  Glaber,  Triticum  repena. 

Bromus  Mollis,  Suft  Brome  Grans.  The  seeds 
are  said  to  cause  giddiness  in  man,  and  to  be 
fatal  to  poultry. 

Bromus  Pukgans,  B.  ciliatus — b.  Temulentus, 
Lolium  temulentum. 

BRONCHARCTIA,  Bronchiostenosis. 

BRONCHECTASIS,  Bronchia,  dilatation  of 
the. 

BRONCHES,  Bronchia  — t.  GamjUona  lym- 
pluttiqiu's  den.  Bronchial  glands. 

BRONCHI,  Bronchia. 

BRON'CHIA,  Broii'cli!(P,  Bronchi,  from  ^poy. 
Xos,  'the  throat'  The  Latins  used  the  terra 
Jironehnn  for  the  whole  of  the  trachea;  whilst 
they  called  its  ramifications  Bronchia.  Bronchia, 
BronchicB,  und  Bronchi,  (F.)  Bronclies,  now  mean 
the  two  tubes,  with  their  ramifications,  which 
arise  from  the  bifurcation  of  the  trachea,  and 
carry  air  into  the  lungs  —  Gan'nulce  pidmo'num, 
Syrin'i/es  seu  Cana'len  aerij'eri. 

Bronchia,  Dilatation  op  the.  Dilated  Bron- 
chia, Bronchec'tanis,  Brouchiec'tasis,  Dilatntio 
bronchio'rum.  The  physical  signs  of  this  condi- 
tion are  the  following:  PercHsiion  usually  clear, 
but  not  unfrequently  less  so  than  natural,  although 
very  seldom  quite  dull.  A  uscultation  detects  coarse 
mucous  or  gurgling  rhonehi,  increased  by  the 
cough,  combined  with,  or  replaced  by,  bronchial 
or  cavernous  respiration,  which  is  often  effected 
as  if  b}'  a  sudden  puff  or  whiff.  The  resonance 
of  the  voice  is  increased,  but  it  seldom  amounts 
to  perfect  pectoriloquy.  The  most  common  situa- 
tions for  dilated  bronchia  are  the  scapular,  mam- 
mary, or  lateral  regions.  They  are  almost  always 
confined  to  one  side. 

Broncuia,  Obliteration  or  Compression  of 
THE.  The  inspiratory  murmur  on  auscultation 
is  weaker  or  wholly  suppressed  over  a  limited 
portion  of  the  chest ;  the  expiration  is  generally 
more  distinct  and  prolonged:  all  the  other  con- 
ditions are  natural. 

BRONCHIA,  see  Bronchia. 


BRON'CHIAL,  Bronchic,  Bronchia'Ux,  Bron'- 
chicHS,  (F.)  Bronchial,  Brouckiqtie.  That  which 
relates  to  the  bronchia. 

Bronchial  Ahteriks,  (F.)  Artcree  Bronchlquet. 
These  are  generally  two  in  number,  one  going  to 
each  lung.  They  arise  from  the  thoracic  aorta, 
and  accompany  the  bronchia  in  all  their  ramifi- 
cations. 

Bronchial  Cells,  (F.)  Cellules  bronc/iir/ncs. 
The  Air-cells;  the  terminations  of  the  bronchia. 

Bronchial  Cough,  (P.)  J'oit.c  bronchiqne,  T. 
tnhaire.  This  generally  accompanies  bronchial 
respiration.  They  both  indicate  obstruction  to 
the  entrance  of  air  into  the  air-cells. 

Bronchial  Glands,  Glan'dnlop,  Vesalia'nce, 
Glands  of  Vesa'lius,  (F.)  Glandea  bronchiqiies, 
Gunylions  hjmphaliqnes  des  branches,  are  numr. 
rous  glands  of  an  ovcjid  shape;  of  a  reddish  hue 
in  the  infant,  find  subsequently  brown  and  black, 
seated  in  the  course  of  the  bronchia.  Their  func- 
tions are  unknown.  The  bronchial  glands  may 
be  presumed  to  be  affected  by  scrofulosis,  when, 
in  addition  to  the  existence  of  tumours  in  the 
neck,  percussion  gives  a  dull  sound  under  the 
upper  and  central  part  of  the  sternum,  whilst 
there  is  no  appreciable  lesion  of  the  lungs. 

Bronchial  Nerves,  (F.)  Nerfs  bronchiques, 
are  furnished  by  the  two  pulmonary  plexuses. 

Bronchial  Phthisis,  see  Phthisis  bronchial — 
b.  Respiration,  see  Murmur,  respiratory. 

Bronchial  Veins  arise  from  the  last  divisions 
of  the  arteries  of  the  same  name,  and  pass,  on 
the  right  side,  into  the  vena  azygos ;  on  the  left, 
into  the  superior  intercostal. 

BRONCHIC,  Bronchial. 

BRONCHIECTASIS,  Bronchia,  dilatation  of 
the. 

BRONCIIIITIS,  Bronchitis. 

BRON'CIIIOLE,  lironchiolum,  Bronchiolna; 
diminutive  of  Bronchium  or  Bronchus.  A  minuta 
bronchial  tube. 

BRONCHIOPNEUMONIA,  Bronchopneumo- 
nia. 

BRONCIIIOSTENO'SIS,  Bronchiarc'tia,  from 
fipoyxoi,  'a  bronchus,'  and  artvoiais,  'contraction.' 
Contraction  or  narrowness  of  the  bronchi. 

BRONCUITE  CONVULSIVE,  Pcrtussis-J. 
Paeudonienihraneuse,  Polypus  bronchialis. 

BRONCHI'TIS,  Bronchi i't is,  Lijlamma'tio 
bronchio'rum,  Cat<ir'rhns  f'idtno'num  seu  bron- 
chio'rum, Pleuri'tis  hn'midii  seu  bronchin'lis, 
Bronchos'tasis,  Ant/i')ia  bronchia'lis,  Piil'inonary 
Catfirrh,  (F.)  Injlammation  des  Branches.  In- 
flammation of  the  lining  membrane  of  the  bron- 
chial tubes.  This  is  always  more  or  less  present 
in  cases  of  pulmonary  catarrh  ;  and  is  accompa- 
nied by  cough,  mucous  expectoration,  dyspnoea, 
and  more  or  less  uneasiness  in  breathing.  The 
acute  form  is  accompanied  with  all  the  signs  of 
internal  inflammation,  and  recjuires  the  employ- 
ment of  antiphlogistics  followed  by  revulsives. 
The  chronic  form,  Tussis  seni'lis,  Catar'rhug  seni'- 
lis,  Rhcuma  catarrha'le,  Peripneumn'nia  nothn, 
Bronchorrhw'a  acn'ta,  Winter  Contjh,  Chronic 
Catarrh,  may  be  confounded  with  phthisis;  from 
which  it  must  be  distinguished  mainly  by  the 
absence  of  hectic  fever  and  of  the  physicalsigns 
that  are  characteristic  of  the  latter,  as  well  as 
by  the  nature  of  the  expectoration,  which  is  ge- 
nerally mucous,  although  at  times  muco-purulent. 
When  the  expectoration  is  little  or  none,  the  bron- 
chitis is  said  to  be  dry,  dry  catarrh,  (F.)  Catarrhe 
Sec. 

When  bronchitis  affects  the  smaller  tubes,  it  is 
termed  capil'lary  bronchi'tis.  bronchi'tis  capillu'- 
ris,  brouchoc'ace  infanti'lis  [?],  and  is  often  fatal 
to  children.  Vcsic'ular  bronchitis  is  the  term 
proposed  by  M.M.  Rilliet  and  Barthcz  for  the 
vesicular  pneumonia  of  children. 


BRONCniUS 


14  3        BRUIT  DECK  A  Q  UEMEXT 


BnoNrniTis,  Catarrh — b.  Asthenica,  Peripneu- 
TDoniii  iiotha  —  b.  Capillary,  gee  Bronchitis  —  b. 
Chronic,  see  Bronchitis  —  b.  Crouposa,  Polypus 
bronchialis — b.  Convulsiva,  Pertussis — b.  Exsu- 
(lativa,  Polypus  bronchialis. 

BuoNCnrns,  Mkchan'ical.  Inflammation  of 
the  lining  rnetnbrane  of  the  air-tubos,  induced  by 
the  inhalation  of  irritating  particles. 

Buo.NciiiTis  Mkmbranacka,  Polypus  bronchia- 
lis— b.    Plastic,   Polypus  bronchialis — b.  Pseudo- 
membranous, Polypus  bronchialis — b.  Summer, 
Fever,  hnv — b.  Vesicular,  see  Bronchitis. 
BROXCII I  US.  Sterno-thvroideus. 
BROXCHLHMMITIS,  Polypus  bronchialis. 
BHONCUOCACE,  Peripneumonia  notha  —  b. 
Infantilis,  see  Bronchitis. 

BKONCIIO-CATARRIIUS,  Catarrh. 
BIlONCIIOCE'IiE,  from /?/7oy;^o5,  'a  bronchus,' 
and  Kti'Xri,  'tumour.'  An  inaccurate  name  for  the 
iidection  which  is  called,  also,  Jin'cln'nm,  Botiiim, 
JSociiim,  Hernia  fjut'turis  seu  gvti}tr(('lia  seu  brun- 
rhia'Un,  Giittiir  tu'midum  seu  ylobo'imm,  Trnche- 
luphii'mn,  Thyroce'Ie,  Thyreoce'le,  Trnrheoce'le, 
Trticheloce'le,  Thi/remphraj-'is,  I'/ii/reapIirax' ia, 
Tfnjrophrax'ia,  Tlii/reoii'citfi,  Thi/rou'cim,  Ueiioii'- 
ciis,  Dcron' cus,  Gonntim,  Go'tium,  Ejcechebron'rhus, 
(lotujro'na,  Struma,  Glaus,  Tuber  f/utturo'nur», 
Gdtte'rla,  &c.,  the  Derht/nhire  neck,  Swelled  neck, 
Wen,  Goitre,  &c.,  (F.)  Goitre,  Goueire,  Hyper- 
trophie  (lu  Corjjs  Tlu/roide,  Grosne  Gon/e,  Gros 
ViiH.  This  is  no  rupture,  but  consists  of  an  en- 
largement of  the  thyroid  gland.  It  is  common 
at  the  base  of  lofty  mountains  in  every  part  of 
the  world;  and  has  been  supposed  to  be  owing 
to  the  drinking  of  snow-water,  but  it  occurs 
where  there  is  no  snow.  The  tumour  is  some- 
times very  e.xtensive.  Iodine  has  great  power 
over  it,  and  will  generally  occasion  its  absorp- 
tion, when  the  case  has  not  been  of  such  dura- 
tion as  to  have  ended  in  a  cartilaginous  condition. 
BllONCHOCEPHALITIS,  Pertussis. 
BKONCIIOPARALYSIS,  Asthma. 
BRONCHOPHONY,  Resonance— b.  Pectorilo- 
quoiis.  Pectorilo()uv — b.  Strong,  Pectoriloquy. 

BRONCHOPLAS'TIC,  Bronehoplnx'tienx,  from 
^j)oy)(_oi,  'a  bronchus,'  and  n^aaau).  '  I  form.'  An 
epithet  given  to  the  operation  for  closing  fistulas 
in  the  trachea  :   Jiron'chophistj/. 

BRONCIIOPNEUMO'NIA,  Bron'chiopneu. 
vio'niii,  from  |IJ/joy;^oj,  'a  bronchus,'  and  Pneumo- 
nia.    Infiammation  of  the  bronchia  and  lungs. 

BRONCHORRHCE'A,  (F.)  Ihouchorriae,  Ca- 
tnrrhe  pituiteu.i:/'hle;jinorrh'i;/ie  pulmonaire,FhlJ• 
bronchi(jue,  from  fipoyxoi.  •bronchus,'  and  pcia,  'I 
flow.'  An  increased  secretion  of  mucus  froni  the 
air  passages,  accompanied  or  not  by  inflammation, 
—  a  gleet,  as  it  were,  of  the  pulmonary  mucous 
membrane.  When  excessive,  it  may  constitute 
PhlliixiH  pituito'ga  seu  viuco'kii,  Mi/<-o-jilillii'nis. 
BiiONCHoitiiiKEA  Acuta,  Bronchitis  (chronic). 
BRONCHOSTASIS,  Bronchitis. 
BRONCHOTOMK.  lironchot'omus.  from  Ppoy- 
■)(oq,  and  Ttiivuv,  'to  cut.'  A  kind  of  lancet,  with 
a  blunt  and  rounded  point,  mounted  on  a  handle, 
and  fitted  to  a  canula,  which  passes  in  along  with 
it,  and  is  allowed  to  remain  in  the  opening  made 
in  the  trachea. 

BROXCHOTOMY.  nronch,>ton,'ia,(Y.)  Bron- 
rholnmie.  Same  etymology.  A  surgical  operation, 
which  consists  in  niaking  an  opening  either  into  the 
irnvhen.{Tr<ieheot'o,ni/:)  int..  the  laryn.x,  (Lanjn- 
(/ot'orn,/:)  or  into  both,  (  Tracliea-hfrijinjot'omy.)  to 
extract  foreiirn  bodies  or  to  permit  the  passage  of  air 
to  the  lungs.  These  difl'ercnt  parts  are  divided  trans- 
versely or  verticallv.  according  to  circumstances. 
BRONCHO-VESICULAR     RESPIRATION, 

see  Respiration.  ,  .      „      , 

BRONCHUS,  see  Bronchia,  Irachea. 
BROOKLIME,  Veronica  bcccabunga. 


BROOM,  Sophora  tinctoria,  Spartium  scnpa- 
tium — b.  Butcher's,  Ruscus — b.  Clover,  Sophora 
tinctoria — b.  Indigo,  Sophora  tinctoria — b.  Rape, 
of  Virginia,  Orobanche  Virginiana — b.  Spanish, 
Spartium  junceum — b.  Yellow,  Sophora  tinctoria. 
BROSSARDIERE,  MINERAL  AVATERS 
OF.  Brossardiere  is  a  chateau  in  Bas-Poitou, 
France.  The  waters  contain  carbonates  of  iron 
and  lime,  chloride  of  sodium,  and  sulphate  of 
lime.  They  are  aperient. 
BROSSE,  Brush. 

BROTH,  CHICKEN,  see  Chicken  Broth. 
BliOTH,  Vegetablk.  Take  two  potatoen,  a  car- 
rot, and  an  onion,  all  cut  fine  :  boil  in  a  quart  of 
water  for  an  hour,  adding  more  water  from  time 
to  time,  so  as  to  keep  the  original  quantity  :  fla- 
vour with  salt,  and  a  small  quantity  o\' potlmrbs ; 
strain.  A  little  mushroom  catchup  improves  the 
flavour. 

BROTHER,  UTERINE,  see  Uterine. 
BROVILLA RD,  Caligo. 

BROUS'SALST.  One  who  is  a  believer  in,  and 
professor  of,  the  physiological  and  pathological 
opinions  of  Broussais.  The  system  itself  was 
called  BliOussA'isM,  or  the  PhysioUxjical  Doc- 
trine. 

BROW,  Front — b.  A^uo,  Neuralgia  frontalis. 
BROWN  RED,  Colcothar. 

BROWN'IAN,  lirowno'ninn,  Brnno'ninn.     Re- 
lating to  the  system  or  oninions  of  John  Brown. 
BROWNISM,    Brn'nfniim,    Bruno' ninnism. 
The  doctrines  of  Brown. 

BROWNIST,  Browno'ninn,  Bruno'nian.  A 
follower  of  the  svstcni  of  Brown. 

BRU'CEA  ANTI-DYSENTER'ICA.  Called 
after  Bruce,  the  Abyssinian  traveller.  B.  ferru- 
i/in'ea,  Anf/ustn'ra  spu'ria,  (F.)  Pousse  Angus- 
tiire,  A.  Ferruf/iueuse.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  plant  whence  was  obtained — it  was  supi>osed 
— false  An(justura  or  false  Cnsparia  Bark.  It 
is  really  the  hark  of  Strychnos  nux  vomica. 
BRliCIA,  Brucine. 

BRUCINE,  Brn'cia,  Bruci'nn,  Bruci'mtm, 
Bru'eiiim,  Pseiirlanrpisturi'num,  Canirami'niim, 
Ciniira'mium,  Vom'icine,  Amjus'turine.  An  orga- 
nic, salifiable  base,  discovered  in  the  false  angus- 
tnra — Brucen  anti-dysenter'ira,  and  obtained  from 
Strychnos  nue  vom'ica.  It  is  of  a  pearly  white; 
crystallizes  in  oblique  prisms  with  a  parallelo- 
grammatic  base;  is  very  bitter,  slightly  acrid 
and  styptic,  and  soluble  in  water,  but  more  so  ia 
alcohol.  Brucia  is  a  less  active  poison  than 
strychnia.  It  resembles  it,  however,  and  may 
be  used  as  a  substitute  for  it  and  for  the  extract 
of  nux  vomica.     Dose,  half  a  grain. 

BRUCKENAU,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  springs  are  in  Bavaria,  and  contain  car- 
bonic acid  and  iron. 

BRU  COURT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Brucourt  is  three  leagues  and  a  half  from  Caen, 
in  Normandy.  The  waters  contain  carbonic  acid, 
chloride  of  sodium,  and  sulphate  of  soda,  much 
sulphate  of  lime,  &e. 
BRUICK,  Furunculus. 
BRUISE,  Contusion. 

BRUISE-ROOT,  Stylnphorum  diphyllum. 
BRUTSEWORT,  Bellis  saponaria. 
BBUfSSE.UEXT  (F.),  Frem'itus.    This  word 
has  much  the  same  signification  as  Bourdonnement, 
as  well  as  Bruit. 

BRUIT  (F.).  'sound.'  A  French  term,  applied 
to  various  sounds  heard  on  percussion  and  aus- 
cultation, viz.  : 

BRVIT  DE  CRAQUEMENT,  B.de  Tiraille- 
ntent.  Bruit  de  cuir  neuf,  Cri  de  cuir,  '  sound  of 
crackling,  or  bursting,  or  of  new  leather.'  A 
sound  produced  by  the  friction  of  the  pericar- 
dium, when  dried  and  roughened  by  influmma- 
tiuD. 


BRUIT  DU  C(EUR    FCETAL      14  4 


BRUSH 


BR UIT  DU  CCEUllfCETAL,  Bnttemem dou- 
bles, Double  bruit  (In  Oieur  ihi  Ftetua.  The  pul- 
sations of  the  foetal  heart  heard  in  auscultation 
in  the  hitter  half  of  utero-gestation. 

BRUIT  DE  OUIR  ^EUF,  Bruit  de  craque- 
ment. 

BE  UIT  DE  LIABLE,  Ronflement  du  Diable, 
Bruit  de  suuffie  d  double  courant,  '  noise  of  the 
diable,  or  humming-top.'  Veuoun  hum.  A  high 
degree  of^  Bruit  de  soujffiet,  heard  on  auscultating 
the  itrtcries  or  veins— probably  the  latter — of  the 
neck,  in  chlorosis.  It  denotes  an  impoverished 
state  of  the  blood. 

BR  UIT  DOUBLE  DU  G(EUR  BU  FOETUS, 
Bruit  du  Vtiur  fatal  —  b.  d'Ej-punsion  pulino- 
iiaire,  see  Murmur,  respiratory — b.de  FrSlement, 
see  Frolciuent  —  b.  de  Froinsement  2}>dnionaire, 
see  Froissemeut  p\d,monnire  —  b.  de  Fruleinent 
pericardiqiie,  see  Frolement  pericardique. 

BR  UIT  DEFR 0  ITEM ENT  ASCENDANT 
ET  DESCENDANT,  'sound  of  friction  of  ascent 
and  descent.'  Sounds  produced  by  the  rubbing  of 
the  lung  against  the  parietes  of  the  chest,  as  it 
rises  and  falls  during  inspiration  and  expiration. 
They  are  distinctly  heard  in  pleuritis,  when  the 
pleura  has  become  roughened  by  the  disease. 
Friction  sounds,  Rubbing  sounds,  To-and-fro 
Sounds  are  also  heard  in  pericarditis  and  perito- 
nitis. 

BRUTT  HUMORIQUE,  B.  Hydropneuma- 
tique.  The  sound  afforded  on  percussion  when 
organs  are  filled  with  li(iuid  and  air. 

BRUIT  HYDROPNEUMATIQUE,  Bruit 
humorique  —  b.  de  Jappement,  see  SiJ/iement  mo- 
dide — b.  de  Lime  d  bois,  see  Bruit  de  Scie. 

BRUIT  BE  MOUCHE  {¥.),  'fly  sound.'  A 
sound  analogous  to  the  Bruit  de  diable — so  called 
from  its  likeness  to  the  buzzing  of  a  fly  —  heard 
on  auscultating  the  neck  in  chlorotic  cases. 

BRUIT  MUSCULAIRE.  The  sound  accom- 
panying the  first  sound  of  the  heart,  referred  by 
some  to  muscular  contraction.  Called,  also. 
Bruit  rotatoire,  in  consequence  of  its  having 
been  thought  to  resemble  the  rumbling  of  dia- 
tant  wheels. 

BRUIT  MUSICAL,  SIfflement  module. 

BRUIT  DE  PARCHEMIN,  'parchment 
tone.'  A  sound  as  if  produced  by  two  sheets  of 
parchment  applied  to  each  other.  It  is  said  to 
be  produced  by  thickening  and  rigidity  of  the 
valves  of  the  heart. 

BRUIT  I) E  PIAULEMENT,  see  Sifflcment 
module. 

BRUIT  PLACENTAIRE,  B.  de  souffle  pla- 
centaire  ou  uterin.  Souffle  nterin  ou  placeutaire, 
Placental  belloios'  sound,  Ufero-placen'tal  mur- 
mur, U'terine  ninrntur.  The  bellows'  sound  heard 
on  auscultating  over  the  site  of  the  placenta  in  a 
pregnant  female.  It  does  not  appear  to  be  ow- 
ing to  the  placental  vessels ;  but  to  the  uterine 
tumour  pressing  upon  the  large  vessels  of  the 
mother. 

BRUIT  DE  POT  FELE,  'sound  of  a  cracked 
vessel.'  Cracked  ]3ot  sound.  A  sound  heard  on 
percussion,  when  a  cavern  in  the  lungs  is  filled 
with  air,  and  has  a  narrow  outlet.  It  is  not  diag- 
nostic, however. 

BRUIT  DE  RACLEMENT,  'sound  of  scrap- 
ing.' A  sound  produced  by  the  scraping  of  hard, 
solid  membranes,  as  the  pericardium,  against  each 
other,  very  analogous  to  Bruit  de  crnquement. 

BRUIT  DE  RAPE,  'sound  of  a  rasp.'  A 
sound  heard  during  the  contraction  of  either  the 
auricles  or  ventricles.  It  is  constant;  and  the 
contraction  of  the  cavity  is  more  prolonged  than 
natural,  and  emits  a  hard,  rough,  and — as  it  were 
-  -stifled  sound. 


It  indicates  contraction  of  the  valvular  orifices 
by  cartilaginous  deposits,  or  ossification,  aiul  is 
better  heard  near  the  ape.x  of  the  heart,  if  tlio 
auriculo-ventricular  valves  be  concerned,— neiir 
the  base,  if  the  semilunar  valves  be  the  scut  of  the 
disease. 

BRUIT  RESPIRATOIRE,  Murmur,  respi- 
ratory. 

BRUIT  ROTATOIRE,  Bruit  viusculaire. 

BRUIT  DE  SCIE,  or  'saw  sound,'  and  BiuiiT 
DE  LIME  A  BOIS,  or  '  file  sound,'  resemble  the  Bruit 
de  Rape.  v 

BRUIT  DE  SOUFFLE  A  DOUBLE  COU- 
RANT,  Bruit  de  Diable. 

BRUIT  DE  SOUFFLET,  Bruit  de  Sonffl,; 
'bellows'  sound,'  '  blowing  sound.'  A  sound  like 
that  of  a  bellows,  heard  occasionally  by  the  ear 
applied  to  the  chest  during  the  contraction  of  tlie 
ventricles,  auricles,  or  large  arteries.  It  coexists 
with  affections  of  the  heart,  but  is  heard,  also, 
without  any  disease  of  that  organ, — whencvei-, 
indeed,  an  artery  is  compressed.  An  Enccpludic 
belloics'  sound,  (F.)  Bruit  de  souffle  ccj'hdtiqnv, 
has  been  described  by  Drs.  Fisher  and  Wliitney. 
It  is  heard  on  applying  the  ear  to  the  occiput  or 
to  the  top  of  the  head ;  and  is  considered  to  indi- 
cate turgescence  of  vessels,  or  inflammation. 
When  such  turgescence  exists,  the  vessels  are 
compressed,  and  the  compression  gives  rise  to 
the  sound  in  question.  [?] 

BRUIT  DE  SOUFFLE  CEPHALIQIJE,  see 
Bruit  de  soufflet  —  b.  de  Souffle  placentniri^, 
Bruit  placentaire  —  6.  de  Souffle  uterin,  Bruit 
placentaire — b.  de  Tiraillement,  Bruit  de  craque- 
ment. 

BRUIT  DE  SOUP  APE,  'valvular  or  flap- 
ping  noise.'  A  sound  heard  in  respiration,  when 
a  foreign  body  is  in  the  air  passages.  It  some- 
what resembles  the  flapping  of  a  valve;  hence  its 
French  name. 

BRUIT  DE  TAFFETAS,  'sound  of  taf- 
feta.' '  Sarcenet  sound.'  A  respiratory  sound, 
so  named,  by  M.  (JrisoUe,  from  its  resembling  the 
sound  caused  by  the  tearing  of  a  piece  of  taffeta; 
and  which  he  considers  to  indicate  hepatization  of 
the  lung,  limited  to  the  surface,  in  pneumonia. 

BRUIT  TYMPANIQUE,  '  tympanic  sound.' 
The  clear  sound  afforded  by  percussing  the  sto- 
mach and  intestines  when  containing  air. 

BRUIT  UTERIN,  B.  placentaire. 

BRUITS  DU  CIEUR,  see  Heart. 

BllUK,  Furunculus. 

BRULURE,  Burn. 

BRUNEI LE,  Prunella. 

BRUNNER'S  GLANDS,  Brunneri  Glan'diiJce, 
G.  Brunncria'na  seu  sidila'ricB,  Solitarii  ijhinik 
or  follicles.  Second  pan'creas.  Compound  muci- 
parous follicles,  seated  between  the  mucous  and 
muscular  coats  of  the  stomach,  along  the  two 
curvatures  of  that  organ,  and  in  the  duodenum; 
so  called  from  their  discovery  having  been  gene- 
rally attributed  to  Brunner.  The  solitary  intes- 
tinal follicles  are  often  known,  at  the  ])rcsent 
day,  as  the  glands  of  Brunner,  although  Brunner 
restricted  the  latter  term  to  the  glands  of  tbo 
duodenum. 

BRUNONIAN,  Brownian. 

BRUNONIANISM,  Brownism. 

BRUNUS,  Erysipelas. 

BRUSCUS,  Ruscus. 

BRUSH,  Scop'ula,  (F.)  Brosse.  A  well-known 
instrument,  used  in  medicine  chiefly  f(jr  the  fol- 
lowing purposes : — 1.  To  clean  the  teeth.  2.  To 
remove  the  saw-dust  which  adheres  to  the  teeth 
of  the  trephine,  during  the  operation  of  trephin- 
ing. 3.  To  rub  the  surface  of  the  body,  lor  the 
purpose  of  exciting  the  skin,  and  favouring  trans- 
piration.     ■\Vestring,  a  Swedish    physician,  has 


BRUTA 


14i 


BUBONOREXIS 


reoommpndod  metallic  brushes  for  the  purpose 
of  conveying  jjalvniiisin  to  a  pnrt.  These  brushes 
consist  of  a  ()latc  of  ebony  fitted  to  another  of 
gold,  in  which  threads  of  the  same  metal  are 
fixed:  — the  brush  being  connected  with  one  of 
the  poles  of  the  galvanic  pile. 

Bnisii,  Stomach,  Excutia  ventriculi. 
BllU'l'A,  .luniperus  sabina. 
BRU'TIA.  A  sort  of  thick  pitch,  obtained  from 
Brutiii,  in  Italy.    From  Pix  Brutia  was  obtained 
the  O'I'-iiin  f'ici'n^im. 

BiitTiA,  Instinct. 

BRUTINO,  Terebinthina. 

JiRI'TOfjK.  see  Cerevisia. 

BRUXANELLI.  A  Malabar  tree,  the  bark 
and  leaves  of  which  have  a  strong  smell,  and  are 
astringent.  On  the  coast  of  Malabar,  its  juice, 
mi.ved  with  butter,  is  applied  to  boils.  Its  bark 
is  esteemed  to  be  diuretic,  and  its  roots  anti- 
arthritic    ^ 

BRUYERE  VULGATRE,  Erica  vulgaris. 

BliUYERES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Bruycres  is  a  small  village,  7^  leagues  from 
Luneville.  The  waters  are  acidulous  and  chaly- 
beate. 

BRVCRTOS,  see  Algidns. 

BRYCHETHMOS,  Rugitus. 

BRYCIIKTOS,  see  Algidus. 

BRYdlMA,  Brt/fiiniin,  Trisis,  Prist's,  Prismus, 
Odontnpri'niH,  Stridor  Deu'tiutii,  (F.)  Grincement 
dea  Dents.  Grinding  of  the  teeth.  A  common 
symptom,  in  children,  of  gastric  or  other  derange- 
ment, but  often  present  when  there  is  no  reason 
to  suspect  any. 

BRYONE,  Bryonia  —  h.  d'Amerique,  Convol- 
vulus Mechoacan. 

BRYO'NIA  AFRTCA'NA,  African  Brjf'oity, 
from  (ifivto,  '  I  bud  forth.'  A  South  African 
plant,  common  amongst  the  Hottentots,  which, 
in  the  form  of  decoction,  acts  simultaneously  as 
an  emetic,  cathartic,  and  diuretic.  It  is  used  by 
the  natives  in  cutaneous  diseases,  dropsy,  and 
syphilis.  The  tincture  is  a  powerful  emetic  and 
cathartic. — Thunberg. 

Brvo'nia  Alba,  White  Bri/'ony,  Vitia  alhn 
sylvcs'lris,  Ar/ros'tis,  Ai/riam'peloa,  Am'pelos 
a'gria,  Erhetni'sis,  Bryii'nia  as'pera  seu  Di- 
oi'cn,  Cedrna'tis,  Chelido'nium,  Lnhrns'cn,  Me- 
lo'thrum,  Ophrostnph'ylon,  Psilo'thrnm.  Ord. 
Cucurhitacea?.  Se.r.  Sifst.  Monoecia  Monadelphia. 
(P.)  Coii/eitrree,  Vifjiie  vieri/e,  V.  blanche,  Navet 
du  diahle  ou  galant.  The  root  is  large  and  suc- 
culent, and  has  an  acrid,  bitter,  and  disagreeable 
taste.  It  is  a  drastic  cathartic.  E.xternally,  it 
has  been  applied,  in  form  of  cataplasm,  in  gout. 
When  repeatedly  washed,  a  good  starch  is  ob- 
tained from  it.  The  active  principle  has  been 
separated  from  it,  and  called  7/;-y'o(n'»c. 

Buyoxia  Mr.c'iioACAXNA  Nigricans,  Convol- 
vulus jalapa —  b.  Nigra,  Tamus  communis  —  b. 
Peruviana,  Convolvulus  jnlapa. 

BRYOXINE.  see  Bryonia  alba. 

BRYOXY,    BLACK,    Tamus    communis — b. 
White.  Brvonia  alba — b.  Wild,  Sycios  angulatus. 
'      BRY'I'IA.  i\[arc  of  grapes. 

BRYTOLATURE,  see  Cerevisia. 

BR  YTOLE,  see  Cerevisia. 

BRYTOX.  Cerevisia. 

BU,  j3oii,  abbreviation  of /Jouf,  'an  ox,'  in  com- 
position expresses  'excess,  greatness.'  Hence 
Bufinnis.  BnphlhaJmia,  <tc. 

BUBASTECORDIUM,  Artemisia  vulgaris. 

BUBE,  Pustule. 

BUBO,  finvfiuiv,  Pano'chia,  Panna  inguinn'ha, 
Adenophi/'ina  inffninn'Hs.  Bnhonnpa'nns,  Bubo- 
linn'cns,  ' Iluhnn'cns,  Cmnbii'rn,  Anijiis,  Bonbon, 
Codoce'le,  Codnscel'hl,    (F.)  Bnbon,  Poulnin.      In 

the  works  of  Hippocrates  and  Galen,  this  word 
10 


sometimes  signifies  the  groin — Tnfjuen  ;  at  other?, 
the  inguinal  glands  ;  and  at  others,  again,  swell- 
ing or  inflammation  of  these  parts.  The  moderns 
apply  the  term  to  an  inflammatory  tumour  seated 
in  the  groin  or  axilla,  and  they  generally  distin- 
guish—  1.  Simple  or  Si/inpathctic  Bubo,  which  is 
independent  of  any  virus  in  the  economy.  2. 
Venereal  liubo,  {¥.)  Biibon  renerien,  which  is  oc- 
casioned by  the  venereal  virus.  3.  Pcstllentiul 
Bubo,  or  B.  symptomatic  of  the  Plarjiie.  The  last 
two  have  by  some  been  called  malignant  Bubo, 
(F.)  Bubon  malin. 

Primary  Bubo,  (F.)  Bubon  primitif,  shows  it- 
self with  the  first  symptoms  of  syphilis:  the  eou- 
eecntire  not  till  afterwards. 

BUnON,  Bubo,  Inguen — b.  Gummiferum,  see 
Ammoniac  gum. 

BUBON  D-EMBLEE  {¥.).  An  enlargement 
and  suppuration  of  one  or  more  of  the  inguinal 
glands,  not  preceded  by  any  other  of  the  more 
common  forms  of  venereal  disease,  nor  by  any 
other  syphilitic  symptom. 

Bubon  Gal'banum.  The  systematic  name  of  a 
plant  which  has  been  supposed  to  afford  galba- 
num;  3[<:lo'pion,  3I<tto'rium.  The  plant  is  ali-o 
called  Fer'ula  A/rica'na,  Oreoseli' num  Africn'- 
num,  Ani'sutn  frutico'sum  galboni/'erntn  seu  Af- 
riea'num  frutee' cena,  Seli'num  Galbanum,  Aijaayl'- 
lis  gal'banum,  The  long-leaved  or  lovage-leuved 
Gal'banum.  Ord.  UmbelliferiB.  The  ]ilant  can 
scarcely,  however,  be  considered  to  be  determined. 
By  the  Dublin  College,  it  is  referred  to  Opo'i'dia 
Galbanif  era,  Ord.  Umbelliferee.  Galbanum  is 
the  gumrai-resinous  juice.  Its  odour  is  fetid,  and 
taste  bitter  and  acrid  :  the  agglutinated  tears  are 
of  a  white  colour,  on  a  gr(mnd  of  reddish-brown. 
It  forms  an  emulsion  when  triturated  with  water, 
and  is  soluble  in  proof  spirits  of  wine,  and  vine- 
gar: sp.  gr.  1"212.  It  has  been  given  as  an  anti- 
spasmodic and  expectorant,  in  pill  or  emulsion. 
Dose,  from  gr.  10  to  60.  Externally,  it  is  applied 
as  a  cataplasm. 

Bubon  galbanum  is  a  South  African  plant;  and 
is  reputed  to  be  an  excellent  diuretic,  under  the 
name  of  Wil<l  Celery.  A  decoction  of  the  leaves 
is  given  in  dropsy  and  gravel.  According  to 
Pappe,  the  resinous  matter,  which  exudes  from 
the  stem,  ditfers  in  appearance,  smell,  and  iu 
every  respect,  from  Gumtni  Galbanum. 

Bubon  Macedon'icum,  Athamau'ta  Jfacedon'- 
ica,  Petroacli' num  Macedoii'irum,  A'piuiii  pefrcs'- 
nm,  Pctra'pSum,  (F.)  Persil  de  Jllacedoine,  Mace- 
do'nian  Parsley.  Its  properties  are  similar  to 
those  of  common  parsley,  but  weaker  and  less 
grateful.  The  seeds  are  an  ingredient  in  the 
celebrated  comriounds,  Mithridato  aud  Theriac. 

BUBONA.  Nipple. 

BUBONALGIA,  from  ;3ou/?wv,  'the  groin,'  and 
aXyoi,  'pain.'     Pain  in  the  groin. 

BUBONCUS,  Bubo. 

BUBO'NIUM,^l.'(^er^(;'<iV»»,  Golden  Starwort. 
A  plant  anciently  supposed  to  be  efficacious  in 
diseases  of  the  groin,  from  jSovliiov,  'the  groin.' 

BUBONOCE'LE,  hom  jiovH'^'v,  'the  groin,' and 
<c;)Xt7,  '  tumour,'  '  rujiture.'  ller'nia  inguiita'Ho, 
fn'guinal  Hernia,  Rupture  of  the  Groin.  (F.) 
Hemic  inguinale.  Some  surgeons  have  confined 
this  term  to  hernia  when  limited  to  the  groin, 
and  have  called  the  same  afl"ection,  when  it  has 
descended  to  the  scrotum,  Osckeoce'le,  Scrotal 
Hernia.  The  rupture  passes  through  the  abdo- 
minal ring:  and,  in  consequence  of  the  greater 
size  of  the  opening  in  the  male,  it  is  more  fre- 
quent in  the  male  sex. 

BUBONONCUS.  Bubo. 

BUBONOPAXUS,  Bubo. 

BUBONOREX'IS,  from  0nvfi,ov,  'the  groin,' 
and  pi^ti,  'a  rupture.'  A  name  given  to  bubono- 
cele when  accompanied  with  a  division  of  the  pe- 


BUBONULUS 


146 


BULBOCODIUM 


ritoTicum,  or  when,  in  other  words,  it  is  devoid 
of  a  .-^ae. 

BUBON'ULUS,  n,ibuu'eiilt(8.  A  diminutive 
of  Bilbo.  A  painful  swelling  of  the  lymphatics 
of  the  penis,  extending  along  the  dorsum  of  that 
organ  to  the  groin.  It  is  an  occasional  accom- 
paniment of  gonorrhoea. 

BUDUKLE.  A  word  used  by  Shakspeare  for 
a  red  jiimple  on  the  nose. 

BUBUNCULUS,  Bubonulus. 
BUCAROS,  Terra  Portugallic.a. 
BUCCA,    Giiatkos.     The   mouth.     The    cheek 
and  hollow  of  the  cheek.     Also,  the  vulva. 

BUCCAC'RATOX,  from  Biicca,  and  /cpau,  'I 
nii.x.'  A  morsel  of  bread  sopped  in  wine,  which 
served  of  old  for  a  breakfast. — Linden. 

BUCCAL,  Biiccu'lis,  from  Bucca,  'the  mouth,' 
or  rather  '  the  cheek.'  That  which  concerns  the 
mouth,  and  especially  the  cheek. 

BuL'CAL  Artery,  Artere  Sns-majctllnire,  (Ch.) 
arises  from  the  internal  maxillary  or  from  some 
of  its  branches,  as  the  Temporalis  profunda  an- 
tica,  or  the  Alveolar.  It  distributes  its  branches 
to  the  buccinator  muscle,  and  to  the  buccal  mem- 
brane. 

Buccal  Glaxds,  Molar  Glomh.  Mucous  fol- 
licles, seated  in  the  buccal  merabnvno,  opposite  the 
molar  teeth.  They  secrete  a  viscid  humour,  which 
mixes  with  the  saliva,  and  lubricates  the  m(mth. 
Buccal  Membrane,  (F.)  Membrane  Bnccale. 
The  mucous  membrane,  which  lines  the  interior 
of  the  mouth. 

Buccal  Nerve,  Buccina'tor  Nerve,  Bnccola- 
lidl — (Ch.),  is  given  off  by  the  inferior  maxillary. 
It  sends  its  branches  to  the  cheek,  and  especially 
to  the  buccinator  muscle. 

Buccal  Vein  follows  the  artery. 
BUC'CEA,  Buccel'la.     The  fleshy  excrescence 
of  nasal  polypus,  so  called  because  it  was  believed 
to  proceed  from  the  mouth. — Paracelsus.     Also, 
a  mouthful. 

BUCCELA'TON,  Burcela'tnu.     A  loaf-shaped 
cathartic  medicine ;   made  chiefly  of  scammony. 
— Aetius,  Paulus  of  iEgina. 
BUCCELLA,  Bolus,  Buccea. 
BUCCELLA'TIO.  A  mode  of  arresting  hemor- 
rhage, by  applying  a  pledget  of  lint  to  the  bleed- 
ing vessel. — Avicenna,  Fallopius. 
BUCCINA,  Turbinated  bones. 
BUCCINA'TOR,    from    bnccinare,    'to    sound 
the  trumpet.'     The  Buccina'tor  Jftiscle,  Retrac'- 
tor  An'cjnli  Oris,  Biieco-Alveolo-maxiUaire,  Alve- 
olo-hibial — -(Ch.),  Manao'riuit,  is   situate  in  the 
substance  of  the  cheeks.     It  extends  between  the 
posterior  portions  of  the  alveolar  arches  of  the 
two  jaws  and  the  commissure  of  the  lips,  which 
it  draws  backward.     It  assists  in  mastication,  by 
pushing  the  food  back  towards  the  teeth  ;  and, 
if  the  cheeks  be  distended  by  air,  its  contrac- 
tion forces  it  out. 

BUCCO.  One  who  is  blub-cheeked,  or  wide- 
mouthed.     In  composition,  the  mouth. 

BUCCO-AL YEOLO-MAXILLAIRE,  Bucci- 
ua  tor. 
BUCCO-LABIAL  NERVE,  Buccal  nerve. 
BUCCO  PHARYNOE'AL,  Bnceo-Phari/nr/e'- 
tis,  (F.)  Biicco-Pharynyien.  Belonging  to  the 
mouth  and  pharynx.  The  Biuro-phartpKje'al 
Aponeiiro'sis  or  Intermax'illari/  Lii/'ameiif,  ex- 
tends from  the  internal  ala  of  the  pterygoid  pro- 
cess to  the  posterior  part  of  the  lower  alveolar 
arch,  and  affords  attachment,  anteriorly,  to  the 
buccinator,  and,  posteriorly,  to  the  constrictor 
pharyngis  superior. 

BUC'CULA,  from  Bnrca,  'the  mouth.'  A 
small  mouth.  The  fleshy  part  beneath  the  chin. 
— Bnrtholinc. 

BUG  ERAS,  Trigonella  fcenum  —  b.  Foenum 
Graecum,  Trigonella  foenum  Gra;cum. 


BUCnU,  Diosraa  crenata— b.  Leave.',  Diosma 
crenata. 

BUCKBEAN,  Menyanthes  trifoliata— b.  Ame- 
riean,  Menvantlies  verna. 

BUCKBERRY.  Vaccinium  stamineum. 
BUCKET  FEVER,  Dengue. 
BUCKEYE.  .lEsculus  hippocastanum. 
BUCKHO,  Diosma  crenata. 
BUCKTHORN,  PURGING,  Rhauinus. 
BUCKU,  Diosma  crenata. 
BUCKWHEAT,    Polygonum   fagopyrum  — b. 
Plant,  eastern.  Polygonum  divaricatum. 

BUCNEMIA,  see  Elephantiasis  — b.  Tropica, 
see  Elejihantiasis. 
BUCTON,  Hymen. 

BUFF,  INFLAMMATORY,  Corium  phlogig- 
ticum. 

BUFFY  COAT,  Corium  phlogisticum. 
BUG,  (BED,)  Cimex. 
BUGANTIA,  Chilblain. 

BUG'GERY,  Sod'omy.  Sodom'ia,  Co'itua  So. 
doniit'iciis,  (I.)  Bnt/arone.  Said  to  havj  been 
introduced  by  the  Bulgarians:  hence  the  name. 
A  carnal  copulation  against  nature,  as  of  a  man 
or  woman  with  any  animal ;  or  of  a  iniin  witli  a 
man,  or  a  man  unnaturally  with  a  woman.  The 
unnatural  crime. 

BUGLE,  Prunella  —  b.  Common,  Ajuga  rop- 
tans — b.  J'l/ramidale,  Ajuga — b.  Banipantc,  Aju- 
ga reptans  —  b.  Water,  Lycopus  Virginicus  —  b. 
Weed,  Lycopus. 

BUOLOSE,  Anchnsa  ofiieinalis. 
BUGLOSS,   DYER'S,  Anchusa  tinctoria  — b. 
Garden,  Anchusa  officinalis — b.  Upright,  Ajuga. 
BUGLOSSA,  Anchusa  officinalis. 
BUGLOSSUM  ANGUSTIFOLIUM  MA.TUS, 
Anchusa  officinalis — b.  Latifolium,  Borage  otiici- 
nalis  —  b.  Sativum,  Anchusa  officinalis  —  b.  Sjl- 
vestris,  Anchusa  officinalis  —  b.  Tinctoruin,  An- 
chusa  tinctoria  —  b.  Verum,    Boracic   acid  —  b. 
Vulgare  majus,  Anchusa  officinalis. 

BUGRANDE  EPINEUSE,  Ononis  spino?a. 
BUGRANE,  Ononis  spinosa — b.  dcs  Champs, 
Ononis  arvenis. 

BUGULA,  Ajuga  —  b.  Chamajpitys,  Teucriura 
ehamajpitj's — b.  Pyramidalis,  Ajuga  —  b.  llcp- 
tans,  Ajuga  reptans. 
RU/'S,  Buxus. 

BUISARD,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Bui- 
sard  is  two  leagues  from  Chateau-Thierry,  in 
France.  The  water  contains  chloride  of  calcium 
and  carbonate  of  lime. 

BULB,  Biilbiis,  (F.)  Bulbe.  A  name,  given 
by  anatomists  to  different  parts  which  resemble, 
in  shape,  certain  bulbous  roots.  The  Bulb  of  ihe 
Aorta  is  the  great  sinus  of  the  Aorta.  Bulb  of  n 
Tooth ;  the  vascular  and  nervous  papilla  con- 
tained in  the  cavity  of  a  tooth.  The  liidb  or 
Root  of  the  Hair  is  the  part  whence  the  hiiir 
originates.  The  Bulb  of  the  Urethra  is  the 
dilated  portion  formed  by  the  commencement 
of  the  Corpns  sponijiosum  towards  the  root  nf 
the  penis.  We  say,  also,  Bulb,  for  Globe,  of  the 
eye. 

Bulb  of  the  Eye,  see  Eye — b.  of  the  Female, 
Bulbus  vestibuli  —  b.  Rachidian,  see  Modullif 
oblonarata. 

BULBE,  Bulb  — 6.  Rachidien,  see  Mcdnll.i 
oblongata — 6.  du  Var/in,  Bulbus  vestibuli — b.  ('« 
la  Voiite  (t  trois  Pilicru,  Mamillary  tuliercles. 

BULBI  FORNICIS,  Mamillary  tubercles-b. 
Prioriim  Crurum  Fornicis,  Mamillary  tubercles. 
BULBOCASTANEUM,  Buuium  bulbocas- 
tanum. 

BULBO-CA  VERNEUX,  Accelerator  urinsc. 

BULBO-CAVERNOSUS,  Accelerator  urinae- 

b.   Syiidesmo-cavernenx,    Accelerator   urmx  —  ^- 

Urethral,  Accelerator  urinae. 

Il      BULBOCODIUM,  Narcissus  pseudonarcissus. 


BULBONACH 


147 


BURNT   HOLES 


BULBONACH,  Lunaria  rcdiviva. 

BULBUS,  Bulb. 

Bi'Lniis  Esculen-'tus.  The  Eu'cnhnf.  Bulb : 
a  particular  kind,  so  denominated  by  the  an- 
cients. It  is  supposed  to  have  been  the  Cejm 
Aicdlon'lca. — Dioscorides,  Celsus,  Pliny,  Ac. 

BiiLBUs  Gl.vnditlosus,  Proventrieulus  —  b. 
Medulla;  spinalis,  Medulla  oblongata  —  b.  Oculi, 
tee  Kye  —  b.  Ollactorius,  see  Olfactory  Nerves  — 
b.  Pili,  see  Hair — b.  Kachidicus,  see  Medulla  ob- 
longata— b.  Vaginae,  15.  vestibuli. 

BtlLBUS  Vestid'ulI,  li.  Vntji'na;,  Plextto  reti- 
form' iH  seu  reticiila'ris  seu  caveruo'siiK,  Onira 
clitor'idis  iiitcr'na,  Bulb  or  Semi-bulb  of  the  Fe- 
male, (F.)  Bnihe  clu  Varji'n.  A  close-packed 
plexus  of  intricately  anastomosing  veins,  inclosed 
in  a  fibrous  investment,  —  being  an  immediate 
continuation  and  extension  of  the  jxirs  intermedin, 
and  occupying  the  space  between  the  beginning 
or  vestibule  of  the  vagina  and  the  rami  of  the 
pubie  arch  on  each  side.  It  is  regarded  by 
Lauth,  Taylor,  Morgagni  and  Kobelt  as  the  ana- 
logue of  the  male  bulb. 

BiiLBUS  Vomito'rius.  a  plant,  said  by  Dios- 
corides to  be  emetic  and  diuretic.  It  is  the 
Munk-ijrape  flower,  according  to  Bay, — the  Hya- 
ciuthun  MiiHcafi. 

BULKSIS,  Voluntas. 

BUL(;A,  Vulva. 

BULIMIA.  Boulimia. 

BU'LITIIOS,  from  /3ouf,  'an  ox,'  and  Xi5of, 
'a  stone.'  A  bczoar  or  stone,  found  in  the  kid- 
neys, gall-bladder,  or  urinary  bladder  of  an  ox 
or  cow. 

BULLA,  (F.)  Bulle.  A  Bleb,  (Sc.)  Bleib.  A 
jiortion  of  the  cuticle,  detached  from  the  skin  by 
the  interposition  of  a  transparent,  watery  fluid. 
It  forms  jhe  4th  order  in  Willan's  and  Batcman's 
arriingement  of  cutaneous  diseases,  and  includes 
eiysipelas,  pemphigus,  and  pompholyx.  By 
some,  Bulla  has  boon  used  synonymously  with 
J'ei<ijihi<iiiK.     See,  also.  Hydatid. 

BULLACE  PLUM,  Prunus  in  Sitia. 

BULL/B  ROTUND^E  CEllVICIS  UTERL 
Nabothi  glandulaa. 

BULLDOG,  Tabanus. 

BULL-FISTS,  Lycoperdon. 

BULLOUS,  BuUo'su^,  (F.)  BuUeux.  Having 
relation  to  a  bulla  or  bleb,  as  a  'bullnui  eruption.' 
Pemphigus  has  been  designated  Jlnlndie  bul- 
huse,  and  Ficvre  buUeuse,  when  accompanied  by 
fever. 

BULLSEGO,  Typha  latifolia. 

BUMBLKKITES,  see  Rubus  fruticosus. 

BUMELLIA.  Fraxinus  excelsior. 

BUM-GUT,  Rectum. 

BUNA.  Coffca  Arabica. 

BUNCOMBE,  WARM  AND  HOT  SPRINGS 
OF.     See  North  Carolina,  Mineral  Waters  of. 

BUNDURH.  Corylus  avellana. 

BUNEWANl),  Ileracleum  spondylium. 

BUNIAS,  Brassica  napus. 

BUNIOID,  Napiform. 

BUNION,  Bunvon. 

BUNI'TES  VINUM.  A  wine,  made  by  in- 
fusing the  Bunium  in  must.  It  is  stomachic,  but 
scarcely  ever  used. 

BUNIUM  CARVI,  Carum. 

Bii'NirM  Bui.BocAs'TANUsr,  Qovviov,  so  called, 
it  has  been  supposed,  from  growing  on  hills,  from 
(invvoi.  'a  hill,'  or  from  the  tuberosity  of  its  root. 
Ji.  mluuH,  liiilnuiicoH'tanum,  Slum  hulbncnKtiinnm, 
Scande.r  butlioi-Kil'iiium,  Carum  bulbncavtaiium. 
Order,  UrabellilVriv.  The  systematic  name  of  a 
plant,  whose  root  is  called  Pi<j-uut,  Aijriocas'tn- 
vuiii.  Xu'euln  terrcn'trin,  Bulbocas'tanum  majus  et 
hiiiiiw.  Earth-nut,  Ihnrk-nut,  Kipper-nut,  (Sc.) 
Ariiut,  (F.)  Terre-noi.r.  The  root  is  tuberous, 
and  is  eaten  raw  or  roasted.     It  has  been  sup- 


posed to  be  of  use  in  strangury.  It  is  not  em- 
ployed in  medicine. 

BUNNIAN,  Bunyon. 

BUNWEED,  Senecio  Jacobaca. 

BUN'YON,  Bun'ion,  Bun'uian,  from  Pavvoc, 
'an  eminence.'  [?]  An  enlargement  and  in- 
flammation of  the  bursa  mucosa  at  the  inside  of 
the  ball  of  the  great  toe. 

BUOPHTHALMIA,  Buphthalmia. 

BUPEINA,  Boulimia. 

BUPHTIIALMI  IIERBA,  Anthemis  tinetoria. 

BUPHTHAL'MIA,  Buojihthal'min,  BuphthnV- 
mos,  Elcphantom'ma,  from  iiovi,  'an  ox,'  and  ui^- 
5aX^as,  'an  eye.'  Ojc-ei/e.  Under  this  name, 
the  generality  of  authors  have  designated  the 
first  stage  of  hydrophthalmia.  Others,  with  Sa- 
batier,  mean  by  it,  turgescence  of  the  vitreous 
humour,  which,  by  pushing  the  iris  forwards, 
forms  around  the  crystalline  a  sort  of  border. 

BUPHTHALMUM  CRETICUM,  Anthemis 
Pyrethrum  —  b.  Majus,  Chrysanthemum  leucan- 
themum. 

BUPIITHALMUS,  Hydrophthalmia,  Semper- 
vivum  tectorum. 

BUPINA,  Boulimia. 

BUPLEUROIDES,  Bupleurum  rotundifolium. 

BUPLEU'RUM  ROTUNDIFO'LIUM,  Bu- 
pleu'ron,  Bupleuro'i'deK,  from  (iov,  augmentative, 
and  nXcvpov,  'side,'  (F.)  Buplevre,  Fercefeuille, 
Round-leaved  flare's  Ear,  Thoroirwaar.  Order, 
Umbellifera3.  The  herb  and  seeds  are  slightly 
aromatic.  It  was  foroierly  celebrated  for  curing 
ruptures,  being  made  into  a  cataplasm  with  wine 
and  oatmeal. 

BUPLEVRE,  Bupleurum  rotundifolium. 

BURAC.  Borax.  Also,  any  kind  of  salt. 
(Arabic.) 

BURBOT,  see  Oleum  Jeeoris  Aselli. 

BURDOCK,  Arctium  lappa  — b.  Lesser,  Xan- 
thium — b.  Prairie.  Silphium  terebinthaceum. 

BURIAL  ALIVE,  Zoothapsis. 

BURIS,  Hernia,  accompanied  by  scirrhous 
tumefaction ;  or,  perhaps,  a  scirrhous  tumour 
only. — Avicenna. 

BURN.  Sax.  bepnan  or  byrnan,  'to  burn  or 
bren.'  Un'tio,  Anibus'tia,  Adus'tio,  Treiis  Cauais, 
Erythe'mn  Ambuf'tio,  C'luxis,  Eneau'xiii,  Pyri- 
cnus'tum,  Uoinbustu'ra,  C«tac((u'iii(i,  Combits'ttn, 
(F.)  Brulure.  An  injury  produced  by  the  action 
of  too  great  heat  on  the  body.  Burns  are  of 
greater  or  less  extent,  from  the  simple  irritation 
of  the  integument  to  the  complete  destruction  of 
the  part.  The  consequences  are  more  or  less 
severe,  according  to  the  extent  of  injury,  and  the 
part  affected.  Burns  of  the  abdomen,  when  ap- 
parently doing  well,  are  sometimes  followed  by 
fatal  results.  Their  treatment  varies, — at  times, 
the  antiphlogistic  being  required;  at  others,  one 
more  stimulating. 

BURNEA.  see  Pinus  Svlvestris. 

BURNET,  CANADA,  Sanguisorba  Cana- 
densis. 

BURNETT'S  DISINFECTING  LIQUID  or 
FLUID.  A  solution  of  chloride  of  zinc,  first 
used  by  Sir  AVilliam  Burnett  for  preserving  tim- 
ber, canvass,  Ac,  from  dry  rot,  mildew,  kc,  and 
afterwards  as  an  antibromic  and  antiseptic,  espe- 
cially in  the  case  of  dead  bodies.  The  Dublin 
Pliarmacoptcia  has  a  Zinci  Chlu'ridi  Liquor,  So- 
lu'tion  of  Chloride  of  Zinc,  which  is  not  near  so 
strong  as  Sir  William's  preparation. 

BURNING,  Brenniny.  A  disease  mentioned 
by  old  historians,  from  which  authors  li;!ve  'in- 
succossfully  endeavoured  to  demonstrate  the  an- 
tiquity of  syphilis. — Parr. 

BURNING  OF  THE  FEET,  see  Feet,  burn- 
ing of  the. 

BURNT  HOLES.  A  variety  of  rupia.  pojm- 
larlv  known  in  Ireland  under  this  name  ;  and  not 


BURR 


148 


BUXUS 


nnfreqnont  there  amongst  the  ill-fed  children  of 
the  poor.     See  Rupia  cscharotica. 

BUllH,  Rotacisimis. 

BURRA(JE,  Borago  officinalis. 

BUR-REED,  GREAT,  Sparganium  ramosum. 

EURRH,  Rotacisimis. 

BURRIII  SPIR'ITUS  MATRICA'LIS.  The 
Spirit  of  /hirrhiis  far  diaeanes  of  the  Womb.  It 
is  prepared  by  digestina;,  in  alcohol,  equal  parts 
of  myrrh,  olibaniun,  and  mastic.  Boerhaave  fre- 
quently prescribed  it. 

BURSA  CORDIS,  Pericardium— b.  Omentalis, 
see  Epiploon,  gastro-hepatic^b.  Pnstoris,  Thlaspi 
bursa — b.  Testiuin,  Scrotum — b.  Virilis,  Scrotum. 

BURS^E  MUCILAGINOS^E,  B.  mucosae. 

BURS/E  MUCO'S^,  li.  mneo'scB  vesiciifa'rea, 
Biirum  seu  Cnp'snlai  nynovia'lefi,  Blennoeijs'tidcs, 
Sncci  muco'si,  Veni'cai  iDiguino'scB  ten'diniuii, 
Vagl'ncB  S;/noi}ia''es  seu  mncilrifjiiio'ficB,  Si/nn'vi<(l 
Crypts  or  Foil' ides,  (F.)  Bourses  Si/novinles  ou 
■muqueiises  ou  miicilagineuses.  Small  inembranous 
sacs,  (from  jSvftaa,  'a  bag,  a  purse,')  situate  about 
the  joints,  particularly  about  the  large  ones  of 
the  upper  and  lower  extremities,  and,  for  the 
most  part,  lying  under  the  tenihjns.  They  are 
naturally  filled  with  an  oily  kind  of  fluid,  the  use 
of  which  is  to  lubricate  surfaces  over  which  the 
tendons  play.  In  consequence  of  bruises  or 
sprains,  this  fluid  sometimes  collects  to  a  great 
extent.  The  bursse  are,  generally,  either  of  a 
roundish  or  oval  form,  and  they  have  been  ar- 
ranged under  two  classes,  the  spherical  and  the 
va</inal, 

BuRs.E  Synoviales,  Bursas  mucosae. 

BURSAL,  Bitrsa'lis.  Relating  or  appertain- 
ing to  bursae, — as  a  'bursal  tumour.' 

BURSALIS,  Obturator  internus. 

BURSERA  ACUMINATA,  B.  gummifera. 

Burse'ra  Gummip'era,  B.  acuminn'ta,  Tere- 
binth'us  (/iimmif'era,  Jamaica  Bark  Tree.  Or- 
der, Terebinthaceae.  A  resin  exudes  from  this 
tree,  which,  as  met  with  in  the  shops,  is  solid 
externally  ;  softish  internally  ;  of  a  vitreous  frac- 
ture ;  transparent;  of  a  pale  yellow  colour ;  tur- 
pentine smell,  and  sweet,  perfumed  taste.  It  has 
been  used  like  balsams  and  turpentines  in  gene- 
ral, and  is  called,  by  the  French,  Cachibou,  Ohi- 
boH.  and  Jiesine  de  Gomart. 

BURSTTIS,  see  Synovitis. 

BURST,  Hernia,  llernial. 

BURSTER,  see  Hernial. 

BURSULA,  Scrotum. 

BURTHISTLB,  Xanthium. 

BURTREE,  Sambucus. 

EURUNHEM,  Monesia. 

BURWEED,  Xanthium. 

BURWORT,  Ranunculus  acris. 

BUSH,  JEW,  Pedilanthus  tithymaloides. 

BUSSAxNG,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  Bus- 
sang  is  a  village  in  the  department  of  Vosges, 
France.     The  waters  are  acidulous  chalybeates. 

BUSSEROLLE,  Arbutus  uva  ursi, 

BUS'SII  SPIR'ITUS  BEZOAR'TICUS,  Be- 
zoar'die  Spirit  of  Bussius.  A  preparation,  re- 
garded as  sudorific,  diuretic,  and  antispasmodic  ; 
obtained  by  distilling  suhcarbonate  and  muriate 
of  ammonia,  amber,  oil  of  cedar  or  juniper,  ifec. 

BUTE,  ISLAND  OF,  CLIMATE  OF.  This 
island  is  in  the  Frith  of  Clyde,  about  18  miles 
below  Greenock.  The  climate  is  mild  and  equa- 
ble, but  rather  moist;  and,  as  a  winter  residence 
it  holds  out  advantages  for  those  only  that  ap- 
pear to  demand  such  a  condition  of  the  atmo- 
sphere. The  climate  resembles,  in  character, 
that  of  the  S.  W.  of  England  and  France,  and 
the  Channel  islands;  although  its  temperature  is 
lower. 

BU'TEA  FRO^TDO'SA,  Erythri'na  monosper'- 


ma,  Bndolph'ia  frondo'aa,  see  Kino.  A  tree, 
common  in  Bengal,  and  in  the  mountainous  parts 
of  India;  Nat.  Ord.  Leguminosaa  ;  from  which 
yum  hutea  flows.  Dr.  Pereira  found  this  gum  to 
be  identical  with  a  s[)0ciinen  marked  yiinnni  ru- 
brum  astriiic/ens — the  </om»ie  ostritujeiite  de  Gain- 
bie  of  M.  Guibourt.  By  some,  this  gum  has  been 
confounded  with  kino. 

BUTIGO,  Gutta  rosea. 

BUTOMON,  Iris  pseudacorus. 

BUTTER,  from  fiovrvpov;  itself  from  j3ou{,  'ox,' 
and  rupos,  'any  thing  coagulated.'  Bitty' rum, 
I'ice'rioii,  (F.)  Benrre.  A  sort  of  concrete  oil, 
obtained  from  the  cream  that  forms  on  the  sur- 
face of  the  milk  furnished  by  the  females  of  the 
mammalia,  especially  by  the  cow  and  the  goat. 
Fresh  butter  is  very  nutritious,  whilst  the  ranciil 
is  irritating.  The  ancient  chemists  gave  the 
name  Butter  to  many  of  the  metallic  chlorides. 
It  has  also  been  applied  to  vegetable  substances, 
which  resemble,  in  some  respects,  the  butter  ob- 
tained from  milk.  The  essential  fatty  matter  in 
it  is  bu'tyrin  or  bn'tyrnte  of  glyc"eriii. 

Butter  of  Antimony,  Antimonium  muriatum. 

Butter  of  Bamrouc  or  Bamboo,  (F.)  Benrre 
de  Bambouc  ou  Bnmbuk.  A  vegetable  oil  ob- 
tained from  a  species  of  almond,  and  used  in 
Senegal  in  neuralgic  and  rheumatismal  pains. 

Butter  op  Ca'cao,  Oil  of  Ca'cno,  Oleum  Ca- 
cao spissa'tnni,  0.  Theobro'nicB  Cacao  expres'siim, 
(P.)  Beiirre  de  Cacao,  Huile  de  Cacao.  A  fat 
substance,  of  a  sweet  and  agreeable  taste,  ob- 
tained from  the  Theobroma  cacao  or  chocolate 
nut.  Owing  to  its  firmness  and  fusibility,  it  is 
well  adapted  to  serve  as  the  constituent  of  sup- 
positories. 

Butter  of  Cocoa,  (F.)  Buerre  de  Coco.  A 
fatty,  concrete  substance,  which  separates  from 
the  milk  of  the  cocoa  nut.  It  is  sweet  and 
agreeable. 

Butter  and  Egos,  Narcissus  pseudonarcissus 
— b.  Kokuin,  see  (Jarcinia  purpurea — b.  of  Nut- 
megs, see  Myristica. 

IJUTTERBUR,  Tussilago  petasites. 

BUTTERCUPS,  Ranunculus  acris,  and  R. 
bulbosus. 

BUTTERFLY-WEED,  Aselepias  tuherosa. 

BUTTERMILK,  (Prov.)  Churn-milk,  Kern- 
milk.  Whir/,  (Sc.)  Bladoch,  Dledoch,  Bladda,  Kin- 
milk,  Sourinilk,  (F.)  Babenrre,  Lait  de  Benrre. 
The  thin,  sour  milk,  separated  from  the  cream  by 
churning.  It  contains  caseuin  and  a  little  butter. 
It  is  a  refreshing  drink  when  newly  made. 

BUTTERTEETII,  Incisive  teeth. 

BUTTER  WEED,  Erigeron  Canadense. 

BUTTERWORT,  Pinguicola  vul-'aris. 

BUTTOCK-HUMP,  Steatopy<ra. 

BUTTONBUSII,  Cephalanthus  oecidcntaiis. 

BUTTONWOOD  SHRUB,  Cephalanthus  occi- 
dentalis. 

BUTUA,  Pareira  brava. 

BUTYRATE  OF  GLYCERIN,  see  Butter. 

BUTYRIN,  see  Butter. 

BUTYRUM,  Butter— b.  Amygdalarum  dul- 
ciuin,  Confection  (almond)— b.  Batumi,  Unguen- 
tum  plumbi  superacetatis  — b.  Zinci,  Zinci  chlo- 
ridum. 

BUVEUR,  Rectus  internus  oculi. 

BUXTON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF,  Bu:r. 
tonien'ses  AqucB.  Buxton  is  a  village  in  Derby- 
shire. The  springs  are  thermal,  and  about  82° 
Fahrenheit.  They  contain  sulphate  of  soda, 
chloride  of  calcium,  chloride  of  sodium,  chlorid.? 
of  magnesium,  carbonate  of  lime,  carbonic  acid, 
and  azote.  They  are  used  in  cases  in  which 
thermal  springs,  in  general,  are  reconimendeJ. 
■'■^..^■y.;;,';"';""  ''"le  or  no  mineral  impregnation, 
/r-  .  ^r  '  ^"■*"*  »f'"/>«'-«''i''-eH«.  The  no.r-tree. 
(i.J  Buis  ou  Bonis.     The  leaves  arc  bitter  and 


BYNE 


149 


CACHECTIC 


aromatic,  and,  as  such,  have  heen  used  in  medi- 
cine, in  cases  of  worms,  dyspepsia.  &c.,  in  the 
form  of  decoction.  They  are  souictiines,  also, 
added  to  beer.     The  seed  was   anciently  called 

Cxiltlie'i/ou. 

BY.\K,  Malt. 

BY'UKTlllUTM.  A  sort  of  cap  or  Couvrechef, 
filled  with  cephalic  substances. — Forestus. 

BYKON  AOrO  or  SOUR  SPRINGS.  These 
Springs  are  in  the  town  of  Byron,  Genesee  coun- 
ty, New  York.  The  water  is  a  nearly  pure  dilute 
sulphuric  acid.  They  are  powerfully  astringent 
and  tonic. 

BYRSA,  (ivpaa.  A  leather  skin  to  spread 
plasters  upon. 

BYRSODEP'SrCON.  A  tan  stuff,  with  which 
C.ELius  -iEuRELiANus  Sprinkled  wool,  which  he 


applied  in  certain  cases  to  the  umbilical  region  ; 
from  0vp<Tii.  '  leather,'  and  Scxj-eu,  '  I  tan.' 

BYRSODEPSrCUM  PRIXCIPIUM,  Tannin. 

BYSAU'CIIEN,  from  /3uu,  'I  stop  up,'  and 
""X'^"'  '  '^^  neck.'  A  morbid  stiffness  of  the 
neck.     One  with  a  short  neck, — Simotrache'lus. 

BYSSOS,  Vulva. 

BY'SSUS,  Bijsanm.  The  ancients  gave  this 
name  to  several  vegetable  substances,  which  were 
used  for  the  fiibrication  of  stuffs  prized  for  their 
fineness,  colour,  and  rarity  of  material.  It  is 
now  chiefly  applied  to  the  filaments,  by  the  aid 
of  which  the  acephalous  mollusca  attach  their 
shells  to  the  rocks.  Byssus  was  formerly  !.Uj 
applied  to  the  female  pudendum. 

BYTHOS,  j3u5oj,  '  depth.'  An  epithet  used  by 
Hippocrates  for  the  fundus  of  the  stomach. 


c. 


C.  This  letter  in  the  chemical  alphabet  sig- 
nifies nitre.  It  is  also  sometimes  used  in  pre- 
scriptions for  cal.K. 

CAA-AP'IA,  Dorate'nia  Brazilien'sis  seu  cor- 
'lifo'lia  seu  place nto'i'des  seu  vitel'la.  Order, 
Urticeaj.  The  root,  according  to  Piso,  is  employed 
as  emetic  and  anti-diarrho;ic. 

CAA-ATAY'A.  A  plant  of  Brazil,  supposed 
(o  be  a  species  of  gratiola.  It  is  very  bitter, 
and  considered  to  be  one  of  the  best  indigenous 
cathartics. 

CAACICA,  Euphorbia  capitata. 

CAA-GHIYU'YO,  Frutex  hac'cifer  BraziUcn'- 
nin.  A  shrub  of  Brazil,  whose  leaves,  in  powder, 
are  considered  detersive. 

CAAOPIA,  Hypericum  bacciferum. 

CAAPEBA,  Pareira  brava,  Pothomorpha  pel- 
tata  and  P.  umbellata. 

CAAPONGA,  Crithmum  maritimum. 

CAAROBA.  A  Brazilian  tree,  whose  leaves, 
in  decoction,  promote  perspiration.  See  Cera- 
tonia. 

CABAL.  Cah'ida,  Cttbal'la,  Cal'bala,  Caba'lta, 
Kdb'nla,  Gubnlln.  This  word  is  from  the  He- 
brew, and  signifies  knowledge  transmitted  by 
tradition.  Paracelsus  and  several  authors  of  the 
Ifith  and  17th  centuries  have  spoken  much  of 
this  species  of  magic,  which  they  distinguished  in- 
to Jiidit'lc  or  tlic<>l(/i/iau,  and  Hermet' ic  or  medi'c"- 
iiud;  the  latter  being,  according  to  them,  the 
art  of  knowing  the  most  occult  properties  of 
bodies  by  an  immediate  communication  with 
spirits, — the  knowledge  being  thus  acquired  by 
inspiration,  and  incapable  of  inducing  error.  It 
was  also  called  Ara  cubalia'tica  seu  sif/?ia'ta,  'ca- 
balistic art.' 

CAB.VI/IIAU.  A  plant  of  Mexico,  according 
to  Dalcchamps,  which  passes  for  an  antidote  to 
white  hellebore,  and  yet  is  used  for  poisoning 
arrows.     It  is  unknown  to  botanists. 

CAB'ALIST,  Cabalia'la.  One  instructed  in 
the  Cabal. 

CAliALLATION,  Cynoglossum. 

CABARET,  Asarum. 

CABBAGE,  Brassica — e.  Cow,  Nymphaea  odo- 
rata  —  c.  Irish,  Dracontium  foetidum  —  c.  Skunk, 
Bracontium  ftctidum  —  c.  Swamp,  Dracontium 
fatidum — c.  Water,  Nymphiva  odorata — c.  Tree, 
Geoffra>ainermis — c.  Bark  tree,  Geofl"raBainermis. 

CABBAGIUM,  Geoffnea  inermis. 

CABOTZ,  Hagenia  Abyssinica. 

CABUKEIBA,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum. 


CABUREICIBA,   see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum. 

CACjE'MIA,  Cachrn'mia,  from  KaKOi,  'bad,' 
and  'aijia,  'blood.'  A  faulty  or  morbid  condition 
of  the  blood. 

CACyESTHE'SIS,  Co.cacBSihe'aia,  OacoiBathe'- 
aia,  from  (coKOf,  'bad,'  and  aiaOnais,  'feeling.' 
Morbid  sensation.  Morbid  general  feeling.  In- 
disposition. 

CACAFERRI,  Ferri  subcarbonas. 

CAC'AGOGUE,  Cacago'rjua,  Cac'cagogue,  Cnc- 
cacjo'yiis,  from  kukkti,  'excrement,'  and  uyciv,  'to 
e.xpel.'  An  ointment,  composed  of  alum  and 
honey;  which,  when  applied  to  the  anus,  pro- 
duced an  evacuation. — Paulus  of  iEgina. 

CACALEXITERIA,  Alexiteria. 

CACA'LIA  ANTEUPnOR'BIUM,  Auten- 
phor'bium.  Ord.  Com))osita?.  A  plant,  which 
Dodoens  and  others  considered  to  be  capable  of 
tempering  the  caustic  properties  of  euphorbium. 
It  is  also  called  Klein'ia. 

Many  varieties  of  the  Cacalia  are  used,  in  dif- 
ferent countries,  chiefly  as  condiments. 

CA'CAO,  Ca'coa,  Cncii'vi,  QunhoU,  Cacova'ta. 
The  cocoa  or  chocolate  nut ;  fruit  of  TheoLvo' ma 
Cacao,  Co'coa  Cacavif'era,  Ca'cao  tithior  seu 
sati'va,  Cacao  iheobro'ma,  (F.)  Cacaoyer  ou  Ca- 
caotier  ordinaire.  Family,  Malvaceae.  Sex. 
Si/st.  Polydelphia  Pentandria. 

CACAOTIKR  ORVTNAIRE,se<i  Cacao. 

CACAO  YE R  ORDINAIRE,  see  Cacao. 

CACATIOX.  Defecation. 

CACATORIA,  Diarrhoea. 

CAC'ATORY',  Cacato'rius,  from  cacare,  'to  go 
to  stool.'  Febria  cacato'ria  ;  a  kind  of  intermit- 
tent fever,  accompanied  by  copious  alvine  evacua- 
tions.— Svlvius. 

CACAVATA,  Cacao. 

CACAVI.  Cacao,  Jatropha  manihot. 

CACCAGOGUE,  Cacagogue. 

CACCE,  Excrement. 

CACCIOX'DE.  A  sort  of  pill,  chiefly  formed 
of  catechu,  recommended  by  Baglivi  in  dvsentery. 

CACEPIIEBOTE'SIA,  from  KaKog,  'bad,'  and 
cif/ciioTrig,  '  puberty.'  Morbid  puberty.  Disease 
occurring  at  the  period  of  puberty. 

CACHALOT,  see  Cetaceum. 

CACHAXG-PARAXG.  A  sort  of  bean  of  Su- 
matra, mentioned  by  Marsden,  whose  seeds  are 
given  in  pleurisy.  Jussieu  considered  it  to  be  the 
Jlimo'aa  acandena. 

CACHECTIC,  Cachec'tes,  CacJiec'ticua,  (F.) 
Cachectique,  same  etymon  as  Cachexia.     One  utr- 


CACIIELCOMA 


150 


CACOSIS 


tacked  with  cachexia.  Belonging  to  cachexia. 
Cuchec'tica  remtd'ia  are  remedies  agaiust  ca- 
chexia. 

CACHELCOAIA,  Helcocace. 
CACIIKN'-L.\GUEN,  Chironia  Chilensis. 

CACHET  (¥.),  'a  sedL'  A  utamp  or  medicine 
stamp,  used  by  the  ancient  Romans  for  niarlting 
their  drugs,  e^^pecially  those  prescribed  in  dis- 
eases of  the  eyes ;  and  hence  called,  by  some, 
oculint  stnmpf!.  Some  of  tliose  more  lately  dis- 
covered amongst  Roman  antiquities,  have  been 
descrilied  by  MM.  Sichel  and  Duchalais,  and  by 
Prof.  Simp.-ion,  of  Edinburgh. 

CACUEX'IA,  from  Kuxoi,  'bad,'  and  'cfif, 
'  habit.'  iStntus  cachec'ticim,  Cacli'exij,  Dysthe'nin, 
(F.)  Gnchexie.  A  condition  in  which  the  body 
is  evidently  dejjraved.  A  bad  habit  of  body, 
chiefly  the  result  of  scorbutic,  cancerous,  or  ve- 
nereal diseases  when  in  their  lait  stage.  Hence 
we  hear  of  a  Scorbutic  Cnchexia,  Cunceroiis  Ca- 
chexia, &o.  Sauvages  and  Cullen  have  included 
under  this  head  a  number  of  diseases — consump- 
tions, dropsies,  Ac.  Cnchexia  has  been  some- 
times confounded  with  diathesis.  Cachexia  7c- 
tev'ica  is  jaundice  or  icterus  itself,  or  a  disposition 
thereto.  Fluor  albus  is  sometimes  called  Ca- 
chexia Uteri' I)  a. 

Cachkxi.v  Africaxa,  Chthonophagia — c.  Cal- 
cnlosa,  Lithia — c.  Cancerous,  see  Cancer — c. 
Chlorotic,  Chlorosis — c.  Dysthetica,  Dyscrasia. 

Cachexia,  (Jaol.  The  deteriorated  organic 
actions  induced  by  confinement  in  prisons,  which 
is  so  often  the  precursor  of  scrofula. 

Cachexia  Ictkrica,  Icterus. 

Caciibxia  LoxniNEN'sis.  The  paleness  and 
other  evidences  of  impaired  health  presented  by 
the  inhabitants  of  London.  A  similar  cachexia  is 
seen  in  those  of  other  crowded  cities. 

Cachexia,  Lymphatica  Farciminosa,  see 
Equinia. 

Cachexia,  Marsh,  (F.)  Cachexie  jinludSenne, 
ou  p(dii'itre.  The  state  of  cachexy  observed  in 
malarious  districts. 

Cachexia,  Saturnixa,  Saturnismus — c.  Scor- 
butic, see  Purpura — c.  Scrophulosa,  Scrofula. 

Cachexia  Sple'.^ica.  The  state  of  scorbutic 
cachexia,  which  often  accompanies  diseases,  es- 
pecially enlargement  of  the  spleen,  Splenal' <jia 
JJe»f/ftleii'«in,  in  India. 

Cachexia  Vexerea,  Syphilis — c.  Venous,  Ve- 
nosity — c.  Virginum,  Chlorosis. 

CACHEXIE,  Cachexia — e.  lodee,  se«  Iodine 
—  c.  Paliide.enne,  Cachexia,  marsh  —  c.  Palustre, 
Cachexia,  marsh. 

CACHEXY.  Cachexia. 

GACHIIIOU.  see  Biirsera  gummifera. 

CACHINM^AGUA,  Chironia  chilensis. 

CACHINNA'TIO,  from  caehinno,  'I  laugh 
aloud.'  A  ten'lency  to  immoderate  laughter,  as 
in  some  hysterical  and  maniacal  affections. 

CACHIRI.  a  fermented  liquor  made,  in  Cay- 
enne, from  a  decoction  of  the  rasped  root  of  the 
manioc.     It  resembles  perry. 

CACHLEX.  A  small  stone  or  pebble,  found 
on  the  sea  shore.  One  of  these,  when  heated  in 
the  fire,  and  cooled  in  whey,  communicates  an 
astringency  to  the  liquid,  so  that  it  was  anciently 
esteemed  to  be  useful  in  dysentery. — ftalen. 

CACHOS.  An  oriental  fruit,  apparently  of  a 
Solnnum,  which  is  esteemed  lithontriptic. 

CACHOU,  Ciitechu. 

CACHRYS  LIBAXO'TTS.  An  umbelliferous 
plant  which  grows  in  Africa  and  the  south  of 
Europe.  It  is  aromatic  and  astringent.  Its  seeds 
are  extremely  acrid. 

Caciirvs  Marithia,  Crithmum  maritimum. 

CACIIUN'DE.  An  Indian  troeh  or  pastils 
composed  of  amber,  mastic,  musk,  cinnnm-on, 
aloes,  rhubarb,  galanga,  pearls,  rubies,  emeralds, 


garnets,  Ac.     It  is  regarded  by  the  people  of  In- 
dia as  an  antiiloto,  stomachic  and  antispasmodic. 

CACO,  KUKo,  propQrly  only  an  abbreviiition  of 
KUKos.  In  composition  it  means  something  de- 
fective: as  in  the  following  words: 

CACO/ESTIIESTS,  Ciicajsthesis. 

CACO-ALEXITERIA,  Alcxipharmie. 

CACOCIIOL'IA,  from  KaKog,  'bad,'  and  X"'^'!) 
'bile.'  Diseases  induced  by  a  depraved  conditiim 
of  the  bile. 

CAC'OCHROI,  Cac'ochri,  from  kuko^,  'had,' 
nnil  xpoi,  'colour.'  Diseases  in  which  the  com- 
plexion  is  morliidly  changed  in  colour. 

CACOCIIYL'IA,  from  kokos,  'bad,'  and  yuAo;, 
'chyle.'     Depraved  chylification. 

CACOCHYM'IA,  Kakochjjm'ia,  Cornip'tio 
Hiimo'runi,  from  kukos,  'bad,' and  %u/iof,  'juicii,' 
'humour.'  Cacoch'ymy.  Depravation  of  tbo 
humours. 

Cacochymia  Plumbea,  Lead  poisoning  — c. 
Scorbutica,  see  Purpura  —  c.  Scrophulosa,  Scni- 
fula — c.  Venerea,  Syphilis. 

CACOCII'YMUS,  'Cacuchijm' icis.  One  attacked 
with  cacochymia.     Belonging  to  cacochymia. 

CACOCNE'MUS,  Cac,>c»e'micn>,,  J/,'di8  suni 
pradi'tus;  from  KiiKog,  'bad,'  and  Kvrji^t,  'tlie 
leg.'     One  who  has  bad  legs. 

CACOCORE'MA,  from  KaKoi,  'bad,'  and  mofw, 
'  I  purge,  or  cleanse.'  A  medicine  which  purges 
off  the  vitiated  humours. 

CACODyE'MON,  from  kuko;,  'bad,' and  iJoi/iuv, 
'a  spirit.'  An  evil  spirit,  to  which  were  ascribed 
many  disorders.     The  nightmare. 

CACO'DES,  from  Kaifog,  'bad,'  and  o^eiv,  'to 
smell'— )?ioZ^  olena.  Having  a  bad  smell;  Uacu'- 
dia,  Ctteos'mia. 

CACODIA,  see  Cacodes. 

GAC0KTll''ES,Cacoeth'icn8,  (Y.)  CacoMeJrnm 
KOKOi,  'bad,'  and  tSof,  'disposition,  habit,'  &c. 
Of  a  bad  or  vitiated  character,  as  nlcua  eacoeth'es, 
an  ulcer  of  a  malignant  character. 

CACOETHICUS.  Cacoethe-s. 

CACOGALAC'TIA,  Cacoc,a'lia,  from  Kam, 
'bad,'  and  y'>-^'^>  Ren.  yaAonTo?,  'milk.'  •  A  bad 
condition  of  the  milk. 

CACOGALAC'TICA.  Same  etymon  as  thela?t. 
One  who  sufl^ers  from  a  bad  condition  of  the  milk. 

CACOGALIA,  Cacogalactia. 

CACOGEN'ESIS,  (F.)  Cacoghil^e,  from  ica/cnf, 
'bad,'  and  ycveaig,  'generation.'  A  morbid  for- 
mation.    A  monstrosity. 

CACOMORPHIA.  Deformation. 

CACOMORPIIOSIS,  Deformation. 

CACOPATHI'A,  Pa^'eio  Mala,  from  icnm, 
'bad,'  and  7ra&og,  'affection.'  A  distressed  statu 
of  mind. — Hippocrates. 

CACOPHO'NIA,  from  KOKog,  'bad,'  and  (^uvm 
'voice,'  vitia'ta  vox.  A  dissonant  condition  of 
voice. 

CACOPLAS'TIC,  Cacoplas'ticns,  Di/ipl'dnint'- 
ie ;  from  KaKog,  'bad,'  and  n'Xaacu,  'I  form.'  Su.i- 
ceptible  of  only  a  low  degree  of  organization,  as 
the  indurations  resulting  from  low  or  chronic 
inflammation,  fibro-cartilage,  cirrhosis,  &o. 

CACOPRA'GIA,  Cacoprax'is,  from  (cawt, 
'bad,'  and  rparTu,  'I  perform.'  Depraved  con- 
dition of  the  organic  functions. 

CACOPRAXIS,  Cacopragia. 

CACORRHACHI'TIS,  from  KaKog,  'bad,'  ami 
pa-^^ts,  'the  spine.'  Cacor'rhachis,  Cncor'hnithi-<, 
Cacorhnrhi'tis,  Spoiuhjlal'gia.  Deformity  of  the 
spine.  Disease  of  the  spine.  Spontaneous  luxa- 
tion of  the  vertebrae  and  ribs  dependent  upon 
internal  causes. 

CACORRHYTH'MUS,  Arrlnjth'mus,  from  "- 
Kog,  'bad,'  and  pt^/joj,  'rhythm,'  'order.'  Irre- 
gular. 

CACO'SIS.     Mala  di8po8it"io,   (F.)  Viet.    A 


CACOSITIA 


151 


C/ECUM 


bn'l  conilition  of  body. — Hippocrates.   A  diseased  | 
coiiditiiin  in  c^-'ieriil. 

CACOSIT'IA,  from  kqkos,  'bad,'  and  airiov, 
'aliment.'  Di.sgust  or  aversion  for  food  —  Fad- 
tid'lum  cilio'nim. 

CACOSMTA,  see  Cacodes. 
CACOSOMI'UM,  from  Kaxoi,  'bad,'  and  .rojfia, 
'the  lioiiy.'     An  liospital  for  luprosy,  and  incura- 
ble affections  in  general. 

CACOSPfiKMA'SIA,  Cacospermn't!<i,  Carol, 
per'niin,  fvom  KuKog,  'bad,'  and  a^rcpua,  'sperm.' 
A  bad  condition  of  the  sperm. 

CACOSl'lIYX'IA,  from  k,ikos,  'bad,'  and 
a^v^K,  '  pulse.' —  Vitio'sH8  2ii'i'>iiii-  Bad  state  of 
puis-.'. — (Jaien. 

CACOSPLANCH'NIA,  from  K.iKoi,  'bad,'  and 
o^^'iYX^'""'  ' '•''  viscus.'  Indijrestion.  The  eraa- 
ciaiioii  dependent  upon  imperfect  digestion. — 
Siclienhaiir. 

CACOSTOM'ACHUS,  from  ^a/coc,  'bad,'  and 
aTD^uyoi,  'the  stomach.'  What  disagrees  with 
the  stomach.     Indis;estil)Ie. — Gorraeus. 

CACOSTO.MATOSPIIllESIA,  Breath,  offen- 
sive. 

CACOS'TOMUS,  from  Kaxof,  'bad,'  and  croixa, 
'a  mouth.'  Having  a  bad  mouth,  or  a  bad 
breath. 

CACOTIIANASIA.  see  Euthanasia. 

CACOTMYMTA,  Vit'ium  An'imi,  from  KUKog, 
'  bad  '  and  du|UO{,  '  mind,'  '  disposition.'  A  vicious 
state  of  inind. — Linden. 

C  \OOTiUBULUS,  Centaurea  calcitrapa. 

CACOTIllCiriA,  from  (cufo?,  '  bad,' and  Opi^, 
'■/"X"'-  'hair.'     Disease  of  the  hair. 

CACOTROPiriA,  from  kukos,  'bad,'  and  rpo^^, 
'nutrition.' — Viiio'ea  mitrW'io; — disordered  nu- 
trition.— (Jalen. 

CACOfr,  C'ifjof,  Catechu. 

CACOU'CIA  COCCIN'EA.  Concin'en,  Goc- 
chi'f/i,  S<- liowihai' n  CDccin'en,  Tikimtiia.  A  peren- 
nial twining  shrub  of  South  America,  the  plant 
of  which,  as  well  as  the  fruit,  is  possessed  of 
euu'to-cathartic  properties. 

CA<yriER,  Cactus  opuntia. 

CACTUS,  Cvnara. 

CACTUS  OPUN'TIA,  Opun'tia,  0.  vii7;jn'rh. 
The  hidittn  Fiij,  (F.)  Cacticr,  Itaquette,  Fujiiicr 
d'liide.  Ord.  Cactaceoe.  This  plant  grows  in 
South  America,  Spain,  Italy,  &e.  Its  fruit,  which 
bus  the  stiape  of  the  fi?,  is  of  a  sweetish  taste, 
and  colours  the  urine  red  when  eaten.  Its  leaves 
are  considered  refrigerant. 

The  fruits  of  different  species  of  cactus  are 
called  TniKii, 

C.\D.V'B,V,  STrofi'mia.  A  genus  of  the  family 
C(ipi>iiride(B,  natives  of  India  and  Arabia.  The 
j'oung  shoots  of  the  Cada'ba  fariiio'sa  are  consi- 
dered to  he  an  antidote  against  venomous  bites. 

C.\I).\'VEIl,  Ptnmn,  Neeron.  A  dead  body, 
corse,  corpne,  (Sc. )  Corp;  a  niibject ;  a  carcass, 
(F.)  Cada.vre.  The  word  has  been  supposed  to 
come  from  cado,  '  I  fall ;'  and  by  some  to  be  a 
contraction  from  earo  data  cermibus,  'flesh  given 
to  tlie  worms.'  [?] 

CADAVERIC,  Cad.averous. 

CADAVEROUS,  Cadav'eric,  Cadavero'sns, 
Necra'des,  (F.)  Cudavereujr,  Cadnrerique,  Be- 
longing to  the  dead  body  ;  as  cadnverons  smell. 
The  Cadar'erous  or  Hippocrnt'ic  face,  (see  Face), 
is  an  unfavourable  sign  in  disease,  and  generally 
denotes  a  fatal  termination. 

CAn.w'KnoiTs  or  Cahav'ruic  IIvrERiE'jfiA. 
The  hypostatic  hyperasmia  observed  in  depend- 
ing parts  of  the  dead  body. 

CADDY  INSECT,  see  Ectozoa. 

CADF.  Junii)crus  oxyceiirus. 

CADE.rr-INDI,  Malal)ii thrum. 

CADKli-AVANACU.  Croton  tiglium. 

CADIA.     An    Egyptian,    leguminous    plant. 


The  Arabs  attribute  to  its  fresh  leaves  the  power 
of  relieving  colic. 

CADIVA  INSANIA,  Epilepsy. 
CADMIA,  Calamina,  Tutia. 
CADMI'I  SULPHAS,  Cadmi'um  Bulphn'ricum, 
Sidphas  Cadiiii'cus,  3feli')i{  Sidphas,  Klnpro'thii 
Sidphas,  Klap)ro'thiam  Sidphii' ricum,  Melinnni 
Sidphu'riciim,  Sulphate  of  Cad'miitm.  Used  in 
spots  on  the  cornea,  and  in  chronic  torpid  in- 
flammation of  the  conjunctiva,  in  the  iiuantity 
of  half  a  grain  to  a  grain  to  the  ounce  of  water. 
It  does  not  differ  materially  ih  its  properties  from 
suljjhate  of  zinc.  The  nitrate,  in  the  dose  of  jtk 
of  a  grain,  induces  vomiting  and  purging. 

CADMIUM  SULPHURICUM,  Cadmii  Sul- 
phas. 

CADRE  DU  TYMPAN,  Tympanal.  The 
portion  of  the  temporal  bone  which  supports  the 
meml)rana  tympani. 

CADTCIIU,  Catechu. 

CADUCA  HUNTERI,  Decidua  — c.  Passio, 
Epilepsy. 

CADU'CITY,  Imheeil'Utas,  DebU'itas,  Cadu'- 
eitas,  from  cadere,  'to  fall.'  The  French  use  the 
word  Cuducite  for  the  portion  of  human  life  which 
is  comprised  generally  between  70  and  80  years. 
The  age  which  precedes  decrepitude.  It  is  so 
termed  in  conseiiuence  of  the  limbs  not  usuallj' 
possessing  sufficient  strength  to  support  the  body. 
The  precise  age  must  of  course  vary  in  indivi- 
duals. 

CADUQUE,  Decidua  membrana — c.  Kfjlechie, 
see  Decidua  membrana — c  Utei'ine,  Decidua — c. 
Vraie,  Decidua  membrana. 

CADUKCUS,  Vulva. 

C.A.DUS,  Kaioi;.  A  Greek  measure  equal  to  ten 
gallons  English. — Pliny.     Amphora. 

C^CA  FORAM'INA  (ANTERIUS  ET  POS- 
TERIUS)  are  situate  at  the  fore  and  back  parts 
of  the  tuber  annulare  of  the  brain,  and  at  the 
extremities  of  the  depression  made  by  the  verte- 
bral artery.  The  former  is  placed  between  the 
nerves  of  the  third,  and  the  latter  between  those 
of  the  sixth  pair. 

C/ECiE  HyEMORRHOi'DES,  Blind  Piles, 
(F.)  H e III orrho ides  areiajles,  are  those  unaccom- 
panied by  any  discharge. 

CjECAL,  CcBca'lis.  Belonging  to  the  Caecum, 
from  c<Bciis,  'blind,  hidden.'  The  Cacal  arteries 
and  veins  are  the  branches  of  the  Arteries  et  vencB 
c(>lic(B  dcxtrcB  inferiores,  distributed  to  the  ca;eum. 
The  Cacal  or  blind  extremity  of  a  duct  is  its 
closed  termination.     See  Csecus. 

CICATRIX,  Cicatrix. 

CiE'CITAS,  Cw'citas,  Cwcifu'do,  Ahlcp'sia, 
ObccBcn'tio,  OccfBca'tio,  Anap'sia,  Ti/'pfilotes, 
Ti/pfilo'sis,  Ce'citij,  Blindness,  (F.)  Ai-eiii/lcmenf, 
Cecite,  Perte  de  la  viie.  Cfecitas  may  be  depend- 
ent upon  many  different  diseases — as  upon  amau- 
rosis, specks,  hypopyon,  cataract,  glaucoma,  oph- 
thalmia, atrophy  of  the  eye,  &c. 

CiECiTAS  Crkpuscularis,  Hemeralopia  —  c. 
Diurna,  Nyctalopia  —  c.  Nocturna,  Hemeralopia. 

CFCITE,  Typhlo-enteritis. 

C/ECITUDO,  Cajcitas. 

CiECUM,  Cwcnin,  Intesti'num  ccBcvm,  3fonom'- 
achon,  jtfonom'actim,  3fonoco'lon,  l/onocn'liim, 
Tjiplilo'teron  monoco'lon,  Typhlot' erum,  Typlilo- 
en'tenim,  Init"ium  iniesti'ni  crassi,  Saccus  Intes- 
tini  crassi  seu  Coli,  Ccecnm  Caput  coli,  Caput  coti. 
Prima  cella  coli,  Init"ium  extu'berans  coli,  from 
ccBcus,  'blind.'  The  Blind  Gut,  so  called  froui 
its  being  open  at  one  end  only.  That  por- 
tion of  the  intestinal  canal  which  is  seated  be- 
tween the  termination  of  the  ileum  and  com- 
mencement of  the  colon  ;  and  which  fills,  almost 
wholly,  the  right  iliac  fossa;  where  the  perito- 
neum retains  it  immovably.  Its  length  is  about 
three  or  four  fingers'   breadth.     The  lleo-cacul 


C.ECUS 


ir)2        CALADIUM   ESCULENTUM 


»o/i,'e  or  Valve  of  Bauhin  shuts  off  all  communi- 
( Mtion  between  it  and  the  ileum  ;  and  the  Appen- 
dix vermi/ormis  ccBci  is  attached  to  it. 

CyECUM  Foua'mkn  of  the  frontal  bone  is  a  small 
cavity  at  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  internal 
coronal  crest  or  crista.  —  Fronto-et/imoidal  fora- 
v,cn,  (F.)  TroH  aveiKjle  ou  hoi-ffiie.  Morgagni  has 
^iven  the  same  name  to  the  small  cavity  in  the 
ididdle  of  the  upper  surface  of  the  tongue,  near 
iis  base;  the  sides  of  which  are  furnished  with 
mucous  follicles — Lacunes  de  In  lanyue — (Ch.) 

Cecum,  Phlegjionous  Tumour  op  the,  Ty- 
)ihl()-entcritis. 

CyECUS.  'Blind.'  One  deprived  of  sight, 
TjphlopH,  (F.)  Aveiigle,  Borgne.  In  anatomy,  it 
i.-  used  to  designate  certain  holes  or  cavities, 
which  end  in  a  cul-de-sac;  or  have  only  one 
opening.     See  CcBcal. 

liliiul  Duds  of  the  Ure'thra,  (F.)  Conduits 
oreuij/es  de  I'urethre,  are  the  JIucous  Lacu' na 
of  the  Ure'thra. 

C^LA-DOLO,  Torenia  Asiatica. 

C^MENTUM,  Lute 

C^ERULEUM  BEROLINENSE,  Prussian 
blue- — c.  Borussicura,  Prussian  blue. 

C/ERULOSIS  NEONATORUM,  Cyanopathy. 

CyE-SALPTNIA,  C.  sappan,  Sappan  or  Samp- 
fen  wood,  (F.)  IhesiUet,  Bois  de  Siippan.  Ord. 
Eeguminosae.  Called  after  Caesalpinus.  A  small 
Siamese  tree,  the  wood  of  which  is  used  in  de- 
coction, in  cases  of  contusion. 

Brazil  wood,  Pernamhnco  or  Fernambuco  tcood, 
fnrraerly  used  as  an  astringent,  is  the  wood  of 
C.ksali'in'ia  Echina'ta.  This  is  the  proper 
Brazil  wood  ;  but  another  variety  in  commerce  is 
the  Brasiletio  from  Casalpinia  Brasiliensia  and 
V.  crista,  which  grow  in  the  West  Indies. 

The  Nicaragua  or  Peach-tcood  is  analogous  to 
ttiis,  and  is  said  to  be  derived  from  a  species  of 
C;csalpinia. 

The  kernel  of  Cesalpin'ia  Bonpucell'a,  the 
seed  of  which  is  called  in  India  Kuthideja  and 
Kutoo  Kitriinja,  is  given  as  a  febrifuge  tonic. 
Dose,  ten  grains. 

CiESA'REAN  SECTION,  Casa'rean  opera'- 
tion,  Tomotoc' ia,  Ccp.sa'rea  sectio,  Partus  ccBsa'- 
reus,  Opera' tio  ccBSa'rea,  Metrotom'ia,  (F.)  Ope- 
ration Cesaricnne,  from  ccedere,  ccBsum,  '  to 
cut.'  An  incision  made  through  the  parietes 
of  the  abdomen  and  uterus  to  extract  the 
foetus.  In  this  manner,  Julius  Caesar  is  said 
to  have  been  extracted. —  Pliny.  It  is  also 
called  llijsterotoni'ia,  Hysterotomotoc'ia,  Gastro- 
iiietrotoin'  ia,  Gasterhy  sterol' amy,  Gastrometrot'- 
oiiie,  Gastrohysterot'omtj.  An  incision  has  been 
made  into  the  uterus  through  the  vagina,  consti- 
tuting the  Vayinal  CcBsarean  Section,  Gastro- 
eli/trotoin'ia,  Gastreli/trotom'ia,  Gastrocolpotoin'ia, 
Laparacoljwtom' ia,  Lnparoelytrotom' i a,  (P.)  Ope- 
ration cesarieune  vagina/e.  The  Caesarean  sec- 
tion may  be  required  when  the  mother  dies 
before  delivery;  when  there  is  some  invincible 
obstacle  to  delivery  from  the  faulty  conformation 
(■f  the  pelvis;  or  when  the  child  has  passed  into 
the  abdominal  cavity  in  consequence  of  rupture 
of  the  uterus. 

CiESARIES,  Capillus,  Scalp. 

CiESIUS,  Glaucoma. 

CiE'SONES,  Cce'sares.  Children  brought  into 
the  world  by  the  Csesarean  operation. 

C^SU'LI^.     They  who  have  gray  eyes. 

CiBSURA,  Cut. 

CiETCHU,  Catechu. 

CAF,  Camphor. 

CAFAL,  Agrimony, 

CAFAR,  Camphor. 

CAFE,  Coffea. 

CAFE  A  LA  SULTANE.    This  name  has  i 


been  given  to  an  infusion  or  deccjction  of  the  ground 
coquea  or  pericarps  which  surround  the  coli'ee. 

CAFE  CrriilN.  The  aiiueous  infusion  of  un- 
roasted  coffee,  so  called  on  account  of  its  yellow- 
ish tint. 

CAFETN,  see  Coffea  Arabica. 

OAFEIElt  and  CAFEYER,  Coffea  Arabica, 

CAFFA.  Camphor. 

CAFFEIN,  see  Coffea  Arabica.' 

CAF  I  Eli,  Coffea  Arabica. 

CAFUR,  Camphor. 

CAGAS'TRUM.  The  principal  or  germ  of  dis- 
eases which  are  communicable. — Paracelsus. 

CAGNEUX,  Cagot.     See  Kyllosis. 

CAGOSANGA,  Ipecacuanha. 

CAGOTS(F.).  A  name  given  to  deformed  and 
miserable  beings,  met  with  in  the  Pyrenees,  Bern, 
and  Upper  Gascony,  in  France,  where  they  are  also 
called  Capois.  In  other  districts  they  are  called 
Gezits,  Gezitains,  Cretins,  Gahcts,  Capons,  Coli- 
berts,  Cacous,  Cagneux,  &c.  Sec  (Cretin.  The  word 
Cagot  is  supposed  to  be  an  abbreviation  of  Cania 
Goth  us,  'Dog  of  a  Goth.' 

CAGUE-SANGUE.  Caqneaangue. 

CAHINC7E  RADIX,  Cainca)  radix. 

CAI'EPUT  OIL,  Cofeput  oil,  Kyapnt'ty,  Ca- 
jupu'ti  O'leum.  The  volatile  oil  of  the  leaves  of 
Jlclaleu'ca  Cajujiu'ti,  Ord.  Myrtaceae,  a  native 
of  the  Moluccas.  The  oil  has  a  strong,  fragriint 
smell,  like  camphor;  taste  jiungentand  aromatic. 
It  is  stimulant,  and  useful  where  the  essential  oils 
in  general  are  employed.  It  has  also  been  called 
Oil  of  Witnebeii,  from  the  person  who  first  dis- 
tilled it. 

CAIK,  Pleurodynia. 

CAIL-CEDRA,  Swietenia  Senegalensis. 

CAILLE,  Tetrao  coturnix. 

CAILLE,  see  Curd. 

CAILLE AU,  Lantana. 

CAILLEBOTTE,  see  Curd. 

CAILLE-LAIT,  Rennet  — c.  Blanc,  Galium 
mollugo — c.  Vruic,  Galium  verum. 

CAILLETTE,  Abomasus. 

CAILLOT,  Coagulura. 

CAINANiE  RADIX,  Caincse  radix. 

C  A  I  N'C  ^  RADIX,  Radix  Chiococ'ca,  E. 
Caina'ncB  seu  Caninana  seu  Cahincce  seu  Ka- 
hinccB  seu  Serpenta'ria  Brazilien'sis,  Caincn  Root. 
The  bark  of  the  roots  of  Chiococc'a  anguif'mja 
seu  densifo'lin,  and,  perhaps,  Ch.  raccnio'sa,  a 
plant  of  the  Order  Rubiaceas.  Sex.  Syst.  Pen- 
tandria  Monogynia,  of  Linna>us.  It  is  bitter, 
tonic,  and  diuretic,  but  has  not  been  long  intro- 
duced.    Dose  of  the  powder,  from  Qj  to  ^^^ss. 

Dr.  John  H.  Griscom,  of  New  York,  considers 
there  is  a  remarkable  analogy  between  the  Cain- 
ca  and  the  Apocynum  cannabinum. 

CAINITO,  Chrysophyllum  Cainito. 

OAIPA  SCIIORA.  A  cucurbitaeeous  Malabar 
plant,  the  fruit  of  which  has  a  pyriform  shape. 
The  juice  is  drunk  in  that  country  for  the  pur- 
pose of  arresting  hiccough.  The  fruit,  when  un- 
ripe, is  emetic. 

CAISSE,  Case — c.  du  Tnmhour,  Tympanum — 
c.  du  Tympan,  see  Tympanum 

CAITCHU,  Catechu. 

CAJAN,  Phaseolus  creticus 

CAJUPUTI,  Caieput. 

CAKES,  WORM,  STORY'S.  These  were  com- 
posed of  calomel  and  jalap,  made  into  cakes,  and 
coloured  with  cinnabar. 

CALABASJI-TREE,  NARROW-LEAVED, 
Crescentia  Cujete. 

CALADIUM  ESCULENTUM,  Arum  eseulen- 
turn. 

Cala'dium  SRGUi'Nu\f,  Nat.  Ord.  Araeese.  A 
plant  of  India,  whose  acrid  juice  has  been  given 


CALAF 


153 


CALCENOS 


there  in  gout  and  rheumatism,  and  as  an  anaphro- 
di^iac  to  women.  The  tincture  has  been  prescribed 
ill  pruritus  vulvae.    ' 

CALAF,  S'llix  yEf/i/ptincn.  A  large-leaved 
Ef^yptiun  willow,  called,  also,  Ban.  The  dis- 
tilled water  of  the  flowers,  called  Mac<ihalef, 
passes,  in  that  country,  for  an  excellent  ant- 
nphrodisiuc.  It  is  also  used  as  an  antiloimic, 
antispptir,  and  cordial. 

CALA(iUALA,  see  Calagualas  radix. 
CAL.UiKRI,  Vernonia  anthelinintica. 
CALA(ii  IKAII,  Vernonia  anthelmintica. 
CALAGUA'LvE    RADIX,   CobKjne'la  Radix. 
The  root  of  l'oli/i)<t'iliiiin  Culatjuu'la  seu  adiniiti- 
for'me  seu   corin'ceitm  seu  amniifo'linm  seu  ar- 
(jeii'lciiiii  seu  pol'itnm,  Anpid'ium  coria'cenm  seu 
ferrtt'jin'viiiii   seu   din'colvr,    Tecta'ria   calahnala 
SJd  ft  mill  ill' en,    Cnldgiiiila,    Cnluhwiht.      Order, 
Felices.    It  has  been  exhibited  in  Italy  in  dropsy, 
pleurisy,  contusions,  abscesses,  <tc.     Its  proper- 
lies  are  not,  however,  clear. 

CALAIIUALA,  see  Calagualse  radix. 
CALAMANDRTNA,  Teucrium  chamaedrys. 
CALAMBAC,  Agallochum. 
CALAMIiOUK.  Agallochum. 
CALAMK'DOX,  from  xaAajuof,  'a  reed.'     This 
word  has  had  various  signitications.     Some  have 
used  it  for  an   obliiiue  fracture  of  a  bone;  the 
fractured  portions  having  the   shape  of  the  nib 
of  a  pen.     Others  have  used  it  for  a  longitudinal 
fracture ;  and  others,  again,  for  one  that  is  com- 
minuted. 

C  ALA  ME  NT,  Melissa  calamintha. 
CALAMI'NA,  Ciil'itmine,  from  calamus,  *a 
reed,'  so  called  from  its  reed-like  appearance. 
Cndmi'a,  C.  lapido'sn  a'ero'sa  seu  fos'silis,  Lapis 
Aero'siiH,  Lapis  Calainiiia'ris,  Cahimina'ris,  Oar' - 
bonus  Ziiiri  impu'riis,  Cathiiiir,  (F.)  Pierre  cala- 
viiiiaire.  Native  impure  carbonate  of  zinc.  Cala- 
mine is  chiefly  used  for  pharmaceutical  purposes 
in  the  form  of  the  Calamina  pr^para'ta  (Ph. 
IT.  S.),  Lapis  Gahimiiia'ris  prcepara'tus,  Ciir'bo- 
uas  zinci  impn'riis  prmpara'tits,  Zinci  car'bonas 
prcBpara'tii-i,  Prepared  Calamine  : — Calamine  re- 
duced to  an  impalpable  powder  by  roasting  and 
levigation.  In  this  state  it  is  sprinkled  or 
dusted  on  excoriated  parts,  or  to  prevent  exco- 
riation, itc. 

CALAMINARIS.  Calamina. 
CALAMINT,  Melissa   Calamintha  — c.  Field, 
Melissa  nepeta — c.  Mountain,  Melissa  grandiflora 
— c.  Spotted,  Melissa  nepeta. 

CALAMINTA  IIUMILIOR,  Glecoma  hede- 
racea. 

CALAMINTHA,  Melissa  C  — c.  Angliea,  Me- 
lissa nepeta — c.  Erecta  Virginiana,  Cunila  Mari- 
ana—  c.  Hederacca,  Gleehoina  hederacea  —  c. 
Magno  flore,  Melissa  grandiflora  —  c.  Montana, 
Melissa  grandiflora — c.  Nepeta,  Melissa  nepeta — 
c.  Parviflora,  Melissa  nepeta  —  c.  Pulegii  odore, 
Melissa  nepeta — c.  Trichototna,  Melissa  nepeta. 

CAL'AMUS,  Knhiiios,  'the  reed.'  In  the  Phar- 
macopoeia of  the  U.  S.,  the-  rhizoma  of  acorus 
calamus. 

Calamus  Alexandri'-vus.  Celsus  has  thus 
called  a  medicine,  which  was  long  confounded 
with  Calamna  Aromaticus.  It  is  not  a  root, 
however,  but  the  stalk  of  a  plant  of  India  and 
Egypt,  prol)ahly  the  Andrnpo'ijun  Nardus.  It 
entered  into  the  theriaca,  and  has  been  regarded 
as  antihysteric  and  emmenagogue ; — Calamus 
aromatiens  veriia. 

Calamus  AnoMATicrs,  Acorus  calamus  —  c. 
Aromaticus  verus,  Calamus  Alexandrinus  —  c. 
Draco,  C.  rotang — e.  Indicus,  see  Saecharuin — c. 
Odoratus,  Acorus  calamus,  Juncus  odoratus. 

Calamus  Rotang,  ('.  Draco.  Order,  Palmac. 
The  systematic  name  of  a  plant,  whence  Draijona 
Blood,  SauijuisDrucu'nis,  Cinnah'aris  GrcBvo'rum, 


DraconthcB'ma,  CF.)  Sang-Dragon,  is  procured.  It 
is  the  red,  resinous  juice,  obtained,  in  India,  from 
wounding  the  bark  of  the  Calamus  Rotang.  It  has 
been  used  as  an  astringent  in  hemorrhages,  <fec.  j 
but  is  now  rarely  employed. 

Calamus  Schiptc'rius,  ^iioy7j//)/ie,  'a  writing 
pen,'  (F.)  Fossette  aiigidaire  du  quatrieme  ven- 
tricule.  A  small,  angular  cavity,  situate  at  the 
superior  extremity  of  the  medulla,  in  the  fourth 
ventricle  of  the  brain,  which  has  been,  by  some, 
supposed  to  resemble  a  pen. 

Calamus  Vulgaris,  Acorus  calamus. 
CALAPPITE.  Ruinphius  has  given  this  name 
to  calculous  concretions,  found  in  the  interior  of 
certain  cocoa-nuts.  The  cocoa-tree  itself  the  Ma- 
lays call  Calappn.  These  stones  are,  likewise, 
termed  Vegetable  Dezoards.  The  Malays  attri- 
bute potent  virtues  to  them,  and  wear  them  as 
amulets. 

CALASAYA,  Cinchonas  cordifolia3  cortex. 
CALEALA,  CabaL 

CALBIA'NUM.  The  name  of  a  plaster  in 
Myrepsus,  the  composition  of  which  we  know 
not. 

CALCADINUM,  Ferri  sulphas. 
CALCATRE,  Calcareous. 

CALCA'NEAL,  Calca'neus,  from  calx,  'the 
heel.'  Having  relation  to  the  calcaneum,  as 
'  calcaneal  arteries.' 

CALCANEO-PHALANGIEN  DU  PETIT 
ORTEIL,  Abductor  minimi  digiti  pedis  —  c. 
Phalanijinien  coj/oinoi,  Extensor  brevis  digitorum 
pedis- — c.  Soiis-phalangettien  eommiin,  Flexor 
brevis  digitorum  pedis  —  c.  Sous-I'halanginien 
commun,  F'lexor  brevis  digitorum  pedis — c.  Sous- 
phalangien  dn  petit  orteil,  see  Abductor  minimi 
digiti  pedis  —  c.  Sus-phalangettieii  commun,  Ex- 
tensor brevis  digitoruiu  pedis. 

CALCA'NEUM,  from  cal.r,  'the  heel.'  Calca'- 
neus,  Calcar,  Cal'cia,  Ichnus,  Os  Calcis,  Pterna, 
Pter'ninm.  The  largest  of  the  tarsal  bones  :  that 
which  forms  the  heel.  It  is  situate  at  the  poste- 
rior and  inferior  part  of  the  foot;  is  articulated 
above  and  a  little  anteriorly  with  the  astragalus; 
anteriorly,  also,  with  the  os  cuboides.  Its  poste- 
rior surface — called  Heel,  Talus,  Calx,  {¥.)  Ta- 
lon—  gives  attachment  to  the  tendo-aehillis  :  the 
lower  has,  posteriorly,  two  tuberosities,  to  which 
the  superficial  muscles  of  the  sole  of  the  foot  are 
attached.  The  small  Apoph'i/sis  or  lateral  Apoph- 
ysis of  the  Calca' neuin,  (F.)  Petit  Apophi/se  ou 
Apopliijse  laterale  du  Calenneum,  is  a  projection 
at  the  upper  surface  of  this  bone,  on  which  is 
formed  the  posterior  portion  of  the  cavity  that 
receives  the  astragalus.  The  great  Apoph'ysis, 
anterior  Apoph'i/sis  nf  the  Calca'neum,  is  the 
projection  which  corresponds,  on  one  side,  with 
the  cuboides;  and  on  the  other  forms  the  ante- 
rior part  of  the  facette  which  receives  the  astra- 
galus. 

CALCAR,  Calcaneum,  Ergot— c.  Avis,  Hippo- 
campus minor. 

CALCA'REOUS,  Calca'reus,  Calca'rius,  from 
co/.r,  '  lime.'  {¥.)  Calcaire.  Containing  lime  : — 
as  calcareous  concretions,  C.  depositions,  &c. 
CALCAREUS  CARRONAS,  Creta. 
CALCARIA  CHLORATA,  Calcis  chloridum— 
c.  Chlorica,  Calcis  chloridum  —  c.  Phosphorica, 
see  Cornu  cervi — c.  Pura,  Calx— c.  Pura  liquida. 
Liquor  calcis. 

CALCARI.E  CHLORUM,  Calcis  chloridum. 
CALCATAR,  Ferri  sulphas. 
CALCATREPPOLA,  Centaurea  calcitrapa. 
CALCE'NA,   CALCE'NON.  CALCENO'NIA, 
CALCIXO'NIA.     Words  employed  by  Paracel- 
sus to  designate  the  concretions  of  tartrate  of  lime 
which  form  in  the  human  body. 
CALCENOS,  Calcetus. 


CALCEOLARIA 


154 


CALCULI 


CALCEOLA'RIA,  from  cnlceulus,  'a  small 
slipper ;'   Slipi>erwort. 

Cai.ckola'kia  Piumata  is  used  in  Peru  as  a 
laxative. 

Calceola'ria  Trif'ida  is  esteemed  to  be  febri- 
fuge. 

CALCE'TUS,  Cnlcevo'nius,  Calce'iios.  That 
■which  abounds  in  tartrate  of  lime.  An  adjective 
used  by  Paracelsus  in  speaking  of  the  blood ; 
Snn/jids  cnh-e'tiis.  Hence  came  the  expression, 
Cal'ciiicd  hlood,  Smiq  calcine. 

CALCKUM  EQUINUM,  Tussilago. 

CALCHOIDEA  (OS),  Cuneiform  bone. 

CALCIA,  Calcaneum. 

CALCIFEROUS  CANALS,  Canaliculi  calci- 
feri. 

CALCIFICATION,  see  Cretefaction. 

CALCIGRROUS  CELL,  see  Tooth. 

CALCIG'RADUS,  Ptemoh'ntes,  from  cnlx, 
'the  heel,'  and  gradus,  'a  step.'  One  who  walks 
on  his  heels. 

CALCII  CIILORIDUM.  Caleis  murias  —  c. 
Chloruretum,  Caleis  murias — e.  Oxyehloruretum, 
Caleis  chloriilum  —  c.  Oxj'dum,  Calx  viva  —  c. 
Protochloruretuin,  Caleis  chloridum — c.  Sulphu- 
retuui,  Caleis  sulphuretum. 

CALCINA'TION,  dddna'tio,  Calci'non.  Con- 
crema'tio,  from  caf.e,  'lime.'  The  act  of  submit- 
ting to  a  strong  heat  any  infusible  mineral  sub- 
stance, which  we  are  desirous  of  depriving  either 
of  its  water,  or  of  any  other  volatiliziible  sub- 
stance that  enters  into  its  composition  ;  or  which 
we  wish  to  combine  with  oxygen.  Alum  is  cal- 
cined to  get  rid  of  its  water  of  crystallization  ; — 
chalk,  to  reduce  it  to  the  state  of  pure  lime,  by 
driving  oft'  the  carbonic  acid  ;  and  certain  metals 
are  sulyeeted  to  this  opcrntion  to  oxiilize  them. 

CALCINATUM  MAJUS  POTERII,  Hydrar- 
gyrum praic'ipitatum. 

CALCFNONIA.  Cnlcena. 

CALCIS  BICIILORURETUM,  Caleis  chlori- 
dum—  c.  Carbonas,  Creta  —  c.  Carbonas  durus, 
Greta,  Marmor — e.  Carbonas  friabilis,  Creta. 

CaLCIS  Car'BOXAS  PllyECIPITA'TUS,  Precip'- 
ifated  Car'bonate  of  Lime,  Precipitated  Chalk. 
This  preparation,  introduced  into  the  last  edition 
of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  tlie  United  States,  is  pre- 
pared as  follows:  Liq.  Calcii  dhlorid.  Ovss;  Soda 
Coro'oiat.  Ibvj  ;  Aqiice  dentillat.  q.  s.  Dissolve  the 
carbr)nate  of  soda  in  six  parts  of  distilled  water; 
heat  this  and  the  solution  of  chloride  of  calcium, 
separately,  to  the  boiling  point,  and  mix.  Wash 
the  precipitate  repeatedly  with  distilled  water, 
and  dry  on  bibulous  paper.  It  has  the  same  pro- 
perties ns  creta  praqiarata,  and  is  preferred  to  it 
in  ctriain  cases, — for  example,  as  an  ingredient  in 
tooth  i)ovvders,  owing  to  its  freedom  from  gritty 
particles. 

Cai.cis  Chlo'ridum.  Chlo'ride  or  Chlo'rnret  or 
Hypochlo'rite  or  Chlorite  or  O.ri/triu'riateof  Lime, 
Calx  chloriua'ta  (Ph.  U.  S.)  seu  Ojcrjmuriat'icn, 
Protoxichlor' uret  of  Calcium,  Calcn'ria  chlora'tu 
seu  Chlorica,  Chlornm  seu  Chlnrctnm  Calca'ria, 
Oxi/chloritre'tum  seu  Protochlorure'tinn  Calcii, 
Chlunirc'tiim  Oxidi  Calcii,  Bichlorure'tiim  seu 
Oxymu'rias  Calcin,  Caleis  Hypochlo'ris,  Bleach- 
ing or  Tennnnt's  Powder,  (F.)  I^rotoxichlonire 
de  Calcium,  Chlorure  d' Oxide  de  Calcium, 
Chlnrure  ou  Oxichlorure  ou  liichlorure  ou  Oxi- 
mv.riate  ou  3furiate  siiroxi(/eiie  ou  oxir/ene  de 
Chaux,  Poiidre  de  Blaiichement,  P.  de  Tennant. 
A  compound  resulting  from  the  action  of  chlorine 
on  hydrate  of  lime.  Chloride  of  lime  is  a  most 
valualile  disinfecting  agent,  (see  Disinfection,) 
■when  dissolved  in  the  prc.portion  of  one  pound  to 
six  gallons  of  water.  It  has  likewise  been  em- 
ployed both  internally  and  externally  in  various 
diseases,  as  in  scrofula,  foetor  oris,  foul  ulcers, 


Cai.cis  IlKPAn,  Caleis  sulphuretum  —  c.  Ily. 
dras,  see  Calx — c.  Ilypochloris,  Caleis  chloridum. 

Cai.cis  Mu'hiaS,  Muriate  of  Lime,  Calx  sali'lri, 
Calcii  Chlorurc'ttnn  seu  Chlo'ridum,  Chloride  of 
calcium,  (F.)  Chlorure  de  calcium.  Muriate  du 
Hydrochlorate  de  Cliaux.  This  salt  has  been 
given,  in  solution,  as  a  tonic,  stimulant,  &c.,  in 
scrofulous  tumours,  glandular  obstructions,  gene- 
ral debility,  &o.  A  Solu'tio  Muria'tis  Calcii, 
Liquor  Caleis  Muria'tis,  Solution  of  Muriate  of 
Lime,  Ijiquid  Shell,  may  be  formed  of  Muriuie 
of  Lime,  ^y,  dissolved  in  distilled  u'aler,  t^uy 
The  Liquor  Cal'oii  Ciilo'hidi  or  Solution  of  Chin- 
ride  of  Cidcium,  of  the  Pharmacop(cia  of  the 
United  States,  is  prepared  as  follows  :  —  Marlh, 
in  fragments,  .^ix,  Muriatic  acid.  Oj  ;  JJislillnl 
water,  a  sufficient  quantity.  Mix  the  acid  with 
a  half  pint  of  the  water,  and  gradually  add  the 
marble.  Towards  the  close  of  the  ellervescence 
apply  a  gentle  heat,  and,  when  the  action  h:is 
ceased,  pour  off  the  clear  liquor  and  evaporate  to 
dryness.  Dissolve  the  residuum  in  its  weight  and 
a  half  of  distilled  water,  and  filter.  Dose,  from 
gtt.  XXX  to  f  3J.  in  a  cupful  of  water. 

Cai.cis  Oxymuuias,  Caleis  chloridum— e. 
Phosphas,  see  Cornu  cervi  —  c.  Phosphas  prajci- 
pitatum,  see  Cornu  ustum. 

Calcis  Sulphure'tum,  Cal'cii  sulplnire'tiim, 
Hepar  Calcis,  Sul'phtiret  of  Lime,  S.  of  Cal'eiinn, 
Hi/drosulphate  of  Ijime,  (F.)  Proto-hi/ilroxul/nle 
de  C<ilcium,  lliplrosulfate  de  chaux.  Piincipally 
used  in  solution,  as  a  bath,  in  itch  and  other 
cutaneous  affections. 

CALCITEA,  Ferri  sulphas, 

CALCITEOSA,  Plumbi  oxydum  scmivitreum. 

CALCITHOS,  Cupri  subacetas. 

CALCITRAPA,  Centaurea  Calcitrapa,  Del- 
phinium consolida  —  c.  Hippopha>stum,  Centau- 
rea calcitra])a — c.  Stellata,  Centaurea  calcitrapa. 

CALCIUM.  CHLORIDE  OP,  Calcis  mmias- 
c.  Chlorure  de,  Calcis  murias — c.  Chlorure  d'oxide 
de,  Calcis  chloridum  —  c.  Protohydrosulfate  de, 
Calcis  sulphuretum  —  c.  Profo.richlorure  de,  Cal- 
cis chloridum  —  c.  Protoxichloruret  of,  Calcis 
chloridum  —  c.  Protoxide  of,  Calx  —  c.  Sulphuret 
of,  Calcis  sulphuretum. 

CALC0-SUI3PHALANGEUS  MINIMI  DI- 
GIT I,  Abductor  minimi  digiti  pedis — c.  Subpha- 
langeus  pollicis,  Abductor  poUicis  pedis. 

CALCOCOS,  Bell-metal. 

CALCOIDEA,  (ossicula.)  Cuneiform  bones. 

CALCOTAR,  Ferri  sulphas. 

CALCUL,  Calculus. 

CALCULEUX,  Calculous. 

CALCULI,  see  Calculus  —  c.  Articular,  see 
Calculi,  arthritic;  and  Concretions,  articular. 

Calculi,  Alternating,  see  Calculi,  urinary. 

Calculi,  Artiiuit'ic,  Tophi,  Tuber' cula  ar- 
ihrit'ica.  Calculi  arthrit'lct  scu  podot/'riei, 
Chalk-stones,  Gout-stones,  Nodes,  (F.)  Pierres 
crayeuses,  Calculs  arthritiques,  Nwuds.  Concre- 
tions, which  form  in  the  ligaments,  and  within 
the  capsules  of  the  j(dnts,  in  persons  affected  with 
gout.  They  are  composed  of  uric  acid,  soda,  and 
a  little  animal  matter;  very  rarely,  urate  of  liinc 
and  chloride  of  sodium  are  met  with.  Similar 
calculi  are  found  in  other  parts  beside  the  joints. 

Cal'culi,  BlL'lAuy,  Calculi  hilio'si  foufell'd 
seu  hilia'rii,  Bil'iary  Coucre'tious,  Oall-stonm, 
Cholol'ithus,  Cholel'ifhus,  (F.)  Calculs  biliairen, 
Pierres  an  fid,  Auijichololithe, —  Piorry.  Some 
of  these  contain  all  the  materials  of  the  bile,  and 
seem  to  be  nothing  more  than  that  secretion 
thickened.  Several  contain  Picromd ;  and  the 
g»eater  part  are  composed  of  from  8S  to  9-1  parts 
of  Cholesterin,  and  of  from  6  to  12  of  the  yellow 
matter  of  the  bile.  Biliary  calculi  are  mo"st  fre- 
quently found  in  the  gall-bladder  :  at  other  times, 


CALCULI 


155 


CALCULI 


in  the  cuVjstnnPC  of  the  liver,  in  the  branches  of 
ttie  DiiitiiH  hi-pntic.uH,  or  in  the  Ductus  Coiinniinh 
(Jh<ih(li<fhiin.  The  first  are  called  Ci/ntic;  the 
Bcoiiil  Jfe/inli'c  ;  anil  the  last,  sometimes,  Jlcjin- 
tiKt/xiir.  The  causes  which  give  rise  to  them  are 
very  obscure.  Often  they  occasion  no  uneasi- 
ness, and  at  otlier  times  the  symptoms  mny  be 
confoumled  with  those  of  hepatitis.  At  times, 
they  are  rejected  hy  the  month,  or  by  the  bowels, 
along  with  a  considcra'ile  quantity  of  bile,  which 
bad  accumulated  -behind  thorn  ;  at  other  times 
they  occasion  violent  abdominal  inflammation, 
abscesses,  and  liiliary  fistulse,  rupture  of  the  gall- 
bladilcr,  and  fatal  elfusion  into  the  peritoneum. 
The  passa<;e  of  a  gall-stone  is  extremely  painful; 
yet  the  pulse  is  not  at  first  affected.  Antiphlo- 
gistics,  when  there  is  inflammatory  action,  and 
strong  doses  of  opium,  to  allay  the  pain  and 
spasm,  with  the  warm  bath,  are  the  chief  reme- 
dies. Solvents  are  not  to  be  depended  upon. 
They  cannot  reach  the  calculi. 

Calculi,  Bone  Earth,  see  Calculi,  urinary — 
C.  Compound,  see  Calculi,  urinary — c.  C3'stic,  see 
Calculi,  urinary. 

Cal'ciili  of  the  Ears,  (P.)  (lidcnh  de  V Oreille. 
riard.  light,  and  inflammable  concretions,  which 
occur  in  the  mcatnH  andilnrins  e.rternns,  anil  are 
merely  indurated  cerumen.  They  are  a  frequent 
cause  of  deafness.  They  can  be  easily  seen,  and 
may  be  extracted  by  appropriate  forceps,  after 
having  been  detached  by  injections  of  soap  and 
water. 

Calculi  Fkllei,  Calculi,  biliary — e.  Fusible, 
see  Calculi,  urinary. 

Cal'culi,  LACIl'RVJrAL,  (F.)  CalculH  lacrif- 
rnaux..  Concretions  sometimes,  but  rarely,  form 
in  the  lachrymal  passages,  where  they  occasion 
abscesses  and  fistulie,  which  do  not  heal  until 
they  are  extracted.  No  analysis  has  been  made 
of  them. 

Calculi,  Lithic,  see  Calculi,  urinary. 

Cal'culi  of  thr  Mamm.«,  (P.)  Calcnh  fhs 
Jlf'tiiiellen.  rialler  gives  a  case  of  a  concretion, 
of  n  yellowish-white  colour,  which  had  the  shape 
of  one  of  the  excretory  ducts  of  the  mammary 
gland,  having  been  extracted  from  an  abscess 
seated  in  that  organ. 

Calculi,  Mulberry,  sec  Calculi,  urinary. 

Cal'culi  of  the  Pax'creas,  (F.)  Cdlculs  du 
Pfinci(ns.  These  are  but  little  known.  Ana- 
logy has  induced  a  belief  tiiat  the}-  resemble 
the  salivary.  Some  have  supposed  that  certain 
transparent  calculi,  rejected  by  vomiting,  or 
passed  in  the  evacuations,  have  proceeded  from 
the  pancreas,  but  there  seems  to  be  no  reason  for 
this  belief. 

Cal'culi  op  the  Pive'al  (iland,  (F.)  Calcitls 
de  la  Glande  Piii^a/e.  These  have  been  fre- 
quently met  with.  No  symptom  announces  their 
presence  during  life.  They  are  composed  of 
phosphate  of  lime. 

Calci:li  Podagrict,  Calculi,  arthritic. 

Cal'culi  op  the  Prostate.  Prostnt'ic  cnl'cnU. 
These  are  not  very  rare.  They  have  generally 
the  same  composition  as  the  preceding.  They 
usually  present  the  symptoms  common  to  every 
tumefaction  of  the  prostate,  and  sometimes  those 
of  calculi  in  the  bladder. 

Cal'culi  Pul'moxahv,  (F.)  CnJcuh  pnlmo- 
nniren.  These  concretions  are  very  frequently 
met  with  in  the  dead  body,  without  seeming  to 
have  produced  unpleasant  symptoms  during  life. 
At  other  times,  they  are  accompanied  with  all 
the  symptoms  of  phthisis,  Lithn-phthisln,  Phthisie 
tnlciileitae.  of  Bayle.  See  Lithiasis  pulmonnin. 
At  times  they  are  expectorated  without  the 
supervention  of  any  unpleasant  symptom.    They 


arc  usually  formed  of  carbonate  of  lime  and  ani« 
mal  matter, 

Cal'culi,  Sal'ivary,  Cal'culi  saUva'les,  Sin- 
lol'itlii,  (F.)  CdlcniH  siilivaires.  Concretions, 
usually  formed  of  phosphate  of  lime  and  animal 
matter,  which  are  developed  in  the  substance  of 
the  salivary  glands  or  in  their  excretory  ducts. 
In  the  first  case,  they  may  be  mistaken  for  a 
simple  swelling  of  the  gland  ;  in  the  second,  they 
may  generally  be  detected  bj'  the  touch.  They 
may  be  extracted  by  incision  in  the  interior  of 
the  mouth.  The  calculus  developed  in  the  sub. 
lingual  ducts  has  been  called  Cal'eulus  mtbliii- 
(pin'lis  and  Ri'u'ula  lapide'a. 

Cal'culi,  Spermat'ic,  (P.)  Calcuh  sperinn. 
tiqnes.  These  have  been  sometimes  found  in  tlie 
vesieulae  scminales  after  death.  They  cannot  I  e 
detected  during  life.  No  analysis  has  been  made 
of  them. 

Cal'culi  of  the  Stomach  and  Intes'tines, 
Enterol'ithiin,  E.  Cal'eulus,  Caprol'ilhus,  Concre- 
tio'ues  alvi'ncB,  (F.)  Calcnls  de  I'estomuc.  C.  iii- 
testi'naux  ou  atercornu.r,  Pierres  stercortdcs,  Caii- 
cretions  intextinnhs.  Calculi  of  the  stomach  are 
rare,  and  have  almost  always  been  carried  thither 
by  the  antiperistaltic  action  of  the  intestines.  Tlie 
symptoms  occasioned  by  them  are  those  of  chronic 
gastritis.  It  has  been  imagined  that  the  cori- 
tinued  use  of  absorhent  powders,  as  magnesia, 
will  give  occasion  to  them. 

Intestinal  concretions,  (F.)  Calculs  iutesfinnii.r, 
are  not  uncommon  in  animals  (see  Bezoard  :) 
but  they  are  rare  in  man.  The  causes  whiih 
give  rise  to  them  are  litile  known  :  sometimes  a 
biliar.v  calculus  affords  them  a  nuideus.  Their 
composition  varies.  They  are  light,  hard,  very 
fetid,  and  not  inflammable.  They  are  formed, 
ordinarily,  between  the  valvuUo  of  the  small  in- 
testines, or  in  the  cells  of  the  large,  and  some- 
times in  old  hernire.  Whilst  they  do  not  ob- 
struct the  passage  of  the  alimentar.v  mass,  they 
produce  no  unpleasant  symptoms.  At  times,  the 
movable  tumour  which  they  form  may  bt  fo't 
through  the  parietes  of  the  abdomen.  They  are 
generally  evacuated  per  titnnn.  . 

Cal'culi  op  the  Ton.sils.  Calculous  concre- 
tions, which  sometimes  form  in  the  tonsils.  (F.) 
Cnlcnln  dcH  Aiin/>idales.  They  are  easily  recog- 
nised by  the  sight  and  touch  :  sometimes  the.y 
are  discharged  by  spitting,  either  alone  or  W'ith 
the  pus  of  an  abscess  occasioned  by  their  pre- 
sence.    They  have  not  been  analyzed. 

Calculi,  Triple,  see  Calculi,  urinary  —  c. 
Uric,  see  Calculi,  urinary. 

Cal'culi,  U'hinary,  Uird'ltJn',  (F.)  Ccdcids 
ttri'niitres,  Pierres  urinnires.  Concretions  which 
fortn  from  the  crystallizable  substances  in  the 
urine,  and  which  are  met  with  not  only  in  the 
whole  course  of  the  urinary  passages,  but  in  fis- 
tulous openings  wherever  the  urine  stagnates 
naturally  or  accidentally.  Their  causes  are  but 
little  known.  They  are  more  common  at  the  two 
extremities  of  life  than  at  the  middle,  and  more 
so  in  some  countries  and  districts  than  in  others. 
At  times,  a  clot  of  blood,  a  portion  of  mucus, 
&o.,  form  the  nucleus.  The  symptoms  and  treat- 
ment vary  according  to  the  seat  of  the  calculus. 
There  is  no  such  thing  probably  as  a  medical 
solvent.     See  Urinary  Calculi. 

Chymists  have  demonstrated  the  exist- 
ence of  several  components  of  urinary  calculi, 
vis.,  Lithic  Acid,  Phosphate  of  Lime,  Amvio- 
niiiro-MagnesiiiH  Phosphate,  O.ralate  of  Lime, 
Ci/stic  Oxide,  and  Xauthic  Oxide,  with  an 
animal  cementing  ingredient.  The  varieties  of 
ealculi.,  produced  by  the  combination  or  inter- 
mixture of  these  ingredients,  are  thus  represented 
by  Dr.  Paris. 


CALCULIFRAGUS 


156 


CALCULS  B I  LI  A I  RES 


A   TABULAR   VIEW   OP    DIFFERENT    SPECIES    OF    URINARY    CALCrLI. 


SPECIES  OF  CAL- 
CULI. 

EXTEB.NAL  CIIAHACTEBS. 

CIIYMICAL  COMl'DSITIO.N. 

KKMMIKS. 

1.  LITHIC  or 

URIC. 

Form,  a  flattened  oval.     S.  G. 
seiicrally  (•xcitpcls  I, .500.    Colour, 
browiii.^ih  or  faun-likp.    Surface, 
smooth.     Tezture,  laminated. 

It  consists  prinripallv  of  Lil/iic 
Jicid.    When  treated  wilh  nitric 
acid,  a  beautiful  pink  substance 
results,    'i'liis  calculus  is  slightly 
soluble  in  water,  abundantly  so 
in  the  pure  alkalies. 

It  is  the  prevailing 
species  ;  but  the  siiiliae 
sonieiimes  occurs  fine 
Iv  tubcrculatcd  It  fre- 
ipienlly  cnnstiliiies  the 
nuclei  of  the  othi.'r  spe- 
cies. 

2.    MULDER  RY, 

(F.)  Cidculs 
muraux. 

Co/our.  (lurk  brown.     Texture, 
hauler  than   that   of  the   other 
S|)('(;ifs.  S  G   from  ].4'-'>'to  1.976. 
Surface,  studded  with  tubercles. 

It  IS  oxalate  of  lime,  and  is  de- 
composed in  the  flame  of  a  spirit 
lamp  swelling  out  into  a  white 
efflorescence,    whicli    is    quick- 
Ihne, 

This  sjiecies  iiicliidee 
some  varieties,  wliicli 
are  remarkably  smooth 
and  pale-coloured,  re- 
senibliii!.'  hnnp.scnt. 

3.  BONE  EARTH 

Co/our,   pale   brown  or  gray  ; 
surface,   smooth    and    polished; 
structure,  regularly   laminated  ; 
the    lamina;    easily    separating 
into  concrete  crusts. 

Principally  phosphate  of  time. 
It  is  soluble  in  muriatic  acid. 

4.  TRIPLE. 

Colour,   generally    brilliant 
white.    Surface,  uneven,  studded 
with  shining  crystals,  less  com- 
pact than  the  preceding  species. 
Between  its  lamina;  small  cells 
occur,  filled  with  sparkling  par- 
ticles. 

It  is  an  ammoiiiaco-mairnexian 
phosphate,  generally  mixed  with 
phosphate  of  lime.     Pure  alka- 
lies decompose  it,  extracting  its 
aninionia. 

This  species  attains  a 
larger  size  than  any  of 
the  others. 

5.  FUSIBLE. 

Co/our,  grayish  wiiite. 

A  compound  of  the  two  fore- 
going species. 

It  is  very  fusible, 
melting  into  a  vitreoud 

globule 

6.  CYSTIC. 

Very  like  the  triple  calculus, 
but  it  is  unsiratified  and  more 
compact  and  homogenous. 

It  consists  of  CI/Stic  oiiiie.    LTn- 
der  the  blowpipe  it  yields  a  pe- 
culiarly fetid  odour.     It  is  solu- 
ble  in    acids,    and    in    alkalies, 
even  if  they  are  fully  saturated 
with  carbonic  acid. 

It  is  a  rare  species. 

7.  ALTERNA- 
TING. 

Its   section   exhibits  different 
concentric  laminae. 

Coinpininded   of  several    spe- 
cies, allernatiiig  wilh  each  other. 

8.  COMPOUND. 

No  characteristic  form. 

The  ingredients  are  separable 
only  by  chyinical  analysis. 

1.  Renal  Calculi,  (P.)  Cnlctih  rennux.  These 
h.ave  almost  always  a  very  irregular  shape : 
St  tiinos,  there  is  no  indication  of  their  pre- 
sence :  at  others,  they  occasion  attacks  of  pain 
in  the  kidneys,  sometimes  accompanied  with 
bioody  or  turbid  urine.  Often,  they  cause  in- 
danimation  of  the  kidneys,  with  all  its  unplea- 
sant result,?.  They  are  generally  formed  of  uric 
acid,  animal  matter,  and  oxalate  of  lime,  with, 
sometimes,  phosphates.  The  treatment  will  have 
to  vary,  according  to  the  absence  or  presence  of 
inflammatory  signs,  —  relieving  the  irritation  by 
opiates.  A  surgical  operation  can  rarely  be  ap- 
plicable. 

2.  Colcui;  of  the  UrelfTR,  (F.)  Calcnh  del 
Ureteren.  These  come  from  the  kidneys,  and  do 
not  produce  unpleasant  effoets,  unless  they  are 
go  large  as  to  obstruct  the  course  of  the  urine, 
atid  to  occasion  distension  of  the  whole  of  the 
ureters  above  them  :  or  unless  their  surface  is  so 
rough  as  to  irritate  the  mucous  membrane,  and 
occasion  pain,  hemorrhage,  abscesses,  &c.  The 
pain,  during  the  passage,  is  very  violent,  extend- 
ing, at  times,  to  the  testicle  of  the  same  side 
in  the  male:  and  occasioning  a  numbness  of  the 
tliigh  in  both  sexes.  The  treatment  consists  in 
peneral  or  local  blood-letting,  warm  bath,  and 
opiates. 

;?.  C'llciifi,  Venicnl  ;  Stone  iti  the  Bladder, 
Lith'ia  VeHiea'lin.  Lithi'nfii'K  ri/t'ticn  seu  vesica'Un, 
Ci/ito-Hthl'aKi's,  Di/su'rifi  calriilo'xn  seu  irrifn'ta, 
C'll'enluH  vcKi'cm,  (F.)  Cnlruh  reaicaux..  These 
are  the  most  common.  Sometimes,  they  proceed 
from  the  kidneys:  most  commonly,  they  are 
formed  in  the  bladder  itself.  Sense  of  weight  in 
the  perinasum,  and  sometimes  of  a  body  rolling 
■when  the  patient  chancres  his  position;  pain  or 
itching  at  the  extremity  of  the  glans  in  men  ; 
frequent  desire  to  pass  the  urine;  sudden  stop- 
page to  its  flow;  and  bloody  urine — are  the  chief 


signs  which  induce  a  suspicion  of  their  existence. 
We  cannot,  however,  be  certain  of  this  without 
sounding  the  patient.  Sometimes,  when  of  a 
small  size,  they  are  expelled:  most  commonly, 
they  remain  in  the  bladder,  the  disorganization 
of  which  they  occasion,  unless  removed  by  a  sur- 
gical operation. 

4.  Ctdc.nli,  Ure'thral.  These  almost  always  pro- 
ceed from  the  bladder.  The  obstruction,  which 
they  cause  to  the  passage  of  the  urine,  the  hard 
tumour,  and  the  noise  occasioned  when  struck 
by  a  sound,  indicate  their  presence.  They  are 
removed  by  incision. 

5.  Ciileidi  of  Fin'tidoun  pansar/cs.  These  arise 
when  there  is  some  fistulous  opening  into  the 
urethra.  They  can  be  readily  recognised,  ami 
may  gener.nlly  be  extracted  with  facility.  (F.) 
CalculK  places  hora  dea  voiea  icriuairea.  See  Uri- 
nary Calculi. 

Cal'culi  of  the  U'terus,  (F.)  C'drnh  (h 
V  Uterus.  These  are  ver}' rare.  Tlic  signs,  which 
indicate  them  during  life,  are  those  of  chronic 
etujorgcment  of  the  uterus.  Their  existence,  con- 
sequently, cannot  be  proved  till  after  death. 

CALCULIFRAGUS.  Lithontriptie. 

CAL'C  ULCUS,  (F.)  Calcuhux,  Graveleux. 
That  which  relates  to  calculi,  especially  to  those 
of  the  bladder. 

Calculous  Oxyd.  Oxyd,  cvstic. 

CALCULS  (F.).  pi.  of  Col'enl,  a  calculus. 

CALCULS  BILfAfHES,  Calculi,  biliary  — 
c.  de  VEstomac,  Calculi  of  the  stomach — e.  de  la 
Glrinde  Pineale,  Calculi  of  the  pineal  gland  —  c. 
Infealhiaux,  Calculi  of  the  stomach  and  intestines 
—  c.  Larn/niaux,  Calculi,  lachrymal  —  c.  des  Mii- 
meUes.  Calculi  of  the  mamma)  —  c.  M^imnr,  see 
Calculi,  urinary  — c.  (/e  V Oreille,  Calculi  in  the 
ears— c.  dn  Pancreas,  Calculi  of  the  Pancreas— 
c.  Places  hors  dcs  voies  nriiiaires.  Calculi  of  fis- 
tulous passages— c.  Pulmonaires,  Calculi,  pulmo- 


CALCULUS 


157 


CALLIBLEPIIARUM 


nary— -c.  Rennux,  Calculi,  renal  —  c.  Salivaires, 
Calculi,  salivary — c.  Spermntiqiten,  Calculi,  sper- 
matic— V.  Slei-coranx,  see  Calculi  of  tbe  stomach 
and  intestines — c.  Urinairea,  Calculi,  urinary — c. 
chs  Uieteres,  Calculi  of  the  ureters  —  c.  de  I'Uti- 
ri(i.  Calculi  of  the  uterus  —  c.  Veaicaux,  Calculi, 
vesical. 

CAL'CULUS,  Lapis,  Lithoa.  A  diminutive 
of  calx,  a  lime-stone.  (F.)  Calcul,  Pierre. 
Calculi  are  concretions,  which  may  form  in  every 
part  of  the  animal  body,  but  are  most  frequently 
found  in  the  organs  that  act  as  reservoirs,  and  in 
the  excretory  canals.  They  are  met  with  in  the 
tonsils,  joints,  biliary  ducts,  digestive  passages, 
lachrynial  ducts,  mammic,  pancreas,  pineal  gland, 
prostate,  lungs,  salivary,  spermatic  and  urinary 
jiassages,  and  in  the  uterus.  The  causes  which 
give  rise  to  them  are  obscure. 

Those  that  occur  in  reservoirs  or  ducts  are 
supposed  to  be  owing  to  the  deposition  of  the 
substances,  which  compose  them,  from  the  fluid 
as  it  passes  along  the  duct;  and  those  which 
occur  in  the  substance  of  an  organ  arc  regarded 
as  the  product  of  some  chronic  irritation.  Their 
genenil  effect  is  to  irritate,  as  extraneous  bodies, 
the  parts  with  which  they  are  in  contact;  and  to 
produce  retention  of  the  fluid,  whence  they  have 
been  formed.  The  symptoms  differ,  according  to 
the  sensibility  of  the  organ  and  the  importance 
of  the  particular  secretion  whose  discharge  they 
impede.  Their  solution  is  generally  impracti- 
cable :  spontaneous  expulsion  or  extraction  is  the 
only  way  of  getting  rid  of  them. 

Calculus  Bkzoar,  Bezoard  —  c.  Dentalis, 
Odontolithus  —  c.  Encysted,  Calcul  chatonne  —  c. 
Sublingualis,  see  Calculi,  salivary  —  c.  Vesicae, 
Calculus,  vesical. 

CALDAS,  WATERS  OF.  Caldas  is  a  small 
town,  ten  leagues  from  Lisbon,  where  are  mineral 
springs,  containing  carbonic  and  hydrosulphuric 
acid  gases,  carbonates  and  muriates  of  lime  and 
magnesia,  sulphates  of  soda  and  lime,  sulphuret 
of  iron,  silica,,  and  alumina.  They  are  much 
used  in  atimic  gout.  They  are  thermal.  Tem- 
perature 93°  Fahrenheit. 

CALDK'RL13  ITAL'IC^,  Warm  baths  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  Ferrara,  in  Italy,  much 
employed  in  dysuria. 

CALEB  ASSES,  Cucurbita  lagenaria. 

CALKDO'NIA  SPRINGS.  These  are  in  Penn- 
sylvania, fifteen  miles  from  Chambersburg.  The 
waters  are  pure  ;  temperature  52°  Fahr. 

CALEnoMiA.  Springs,  see  Canada,  mineral 
Waters  of. 

CALEFA'CIENTS,  Calefacien'tia,  Therman'- 
tica,  from  cnlidus,  'warm,'  and  facio,  'I  make.' 
(F.)  Ki-hmiffimts.  Substances  which  excite  a  de- 
gree of  warmth  in  the  part  to  which  they  are 
applied,  as  mustard,  pepper,  <tc.  They  belong 
to  the  class  of  stimulants. 

CALEFACTIO,  Echauffcment. 

CALENDULA  ALPINA,  Arnica  montana. 

Calen'uula  ArVF.n'sis,  C<dthn  Arven'sis  seu 
officiiKi'tis,  Wild  3far'igold,  (F.)  Souci  des 
Champs.  Order,  Compositaj.  This  is,  some- 
times, preferred  to  the  next.__^  Its  juice  has  been 
given,  in  the  dose  of  from  f^j  to  f^iv,  in  jaun- 
dice and  cachexia. 

Calen'dula  Officixa'lis,  C.  Sati'vn,  Ohrji- 
san'thdiinin,  S/xnisa  solis,  Cnllhn  vuliju'ris ;  Ver- 
ruca'riti,  Siiir/lc  or  Garden  Mar'itfolil,  (Prov.) 
Goldiiii/,  (F.)  Souci,  S.  ordinaire,  Fleur  de  tons 
lea  moi's.  Famih/,  Synanthereiu,  Syngenesia  ne- 
eessaria  Linn.  So  called  from  flowering  every 
calend.  Tbe  flowers  and  leaves  have  been  exhi- 
bited as  aperients,  diaphoretics,  <tc.,  and  have 
been  highlv  extolled  iu  cancer. 


CALENDULA  MARTIALES,  Fernim  am- 
moniatum. 

CALENTU'RA,  Cul'enture,  from  calere,  'to  be 
warm.'  The  word,  in  Spanish,  signifies  fever.  A 
species  of  furious  delirium  to  which  sailors  are 
subject  in  the  torrid  zone  : — a  kind  of  phrenitis, 
the  attack  of  which  comes  on  suddenly  after  a 
broiling  day,  and  seems  to  be  characterized  by  a 
desire  in  the  patient  to  throw  himself  into  the 
sea.     It  is  only  a  variety  of  phrenitis. 

Calentura  Continua,  Synocha. 

CALENTU'RAS;  Palo  de  Calentu'ras.  Pomet 
and  Lemery  say,  that  these  words  are  sometimes 
applied  to  cinchona.  Camelli  says,  they  mean, 
also,  a  tree  of  the  Philippine  Isles,  tbe  wood  of 
which  is  bitter  and  febrifuge. 

CALF  KNEE,  Entogonyaneon— c.  of  the  Leg, 
Sura. 

GALTCE,  Calix. 

C ALICES  BEN  ALES,  see  Calix. 

CALICO  BUSH,  Kalmia  latifolia. 

CALIDARIUM,  see  Stove. 

CALIDUIVI  ANIMALE,  Animal  heat  — c.  In- 
natum,  Animal  heat. 

CALIFOR'NIA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Several  mineral  springs  exist  in  California,  near 
40°  N.  Lat.  and  40^°  longitude  west  of  Wash- 
ington, directly  upon  the  California  trail,  leading 
from  the  sink  of  Humboldt  river  to  Pyramid 
lake.  Their  temperature  varies  from  cold  to 
almost  boiling.  They  ebb  and  flow  at  irregular 
intervals ;  have  not  been  analyzed ;  but  some 
have  the  taste  of  a  strong  solution  of  sulphate  of 
magnesia.  They  have  had  the  singular  effect  of 
inducing  blennorrhoeal  symptoms,  both  in  man 
and  animals. 

CALIGATIO,  Dazzling. 

CALI'GO.  'A  mist.'  Achhjs,  (F.)  Brouillard. 
An  obscurity  of  vision,  dependent  upon  a  speck 
on  the  cornea:  also,  the  speck  itself;  CuUyo  cor'- 
necB  seu  a  NephcV io  seu  a  Lenco'inate,  J/ac'ula 
cornccB  seu  semi  pell  u'cida,  Phtharma  cali(/n,  He- 
hetu'do  visds,  Nch'ula,  Opahe  cornea,  Wch-eye, 
Web,  Pin-and-Wcb,  (F.)  Nona<je  de  la  Comic, 
Taie  ou  Taye,  Ohscurciasement  de  la  vue,  Aicera- 
todiaphanie, — Piorry. 

Caligo  Lentis,  Cataract  —  c.  Pupillw,  Syne- 
zisis  —  c.  Synizesis,  Synezisis  —  c.  Tenebrarum, 
Hemeralopia. 

CALIHACIIA  CANELLA,  Lanrus  cassia. 

CALISAYA  BARK,  Cinchona-  cordifolise  cor- 
tex. 

CALISTHEN'ICS,  Callisthen'ics,  Calistheni'a, 
CidlistJieiii'a,  {¥.)  Callistlienie,  frcim  kmAoj,  'beau- 
tiful, and  (rSsvo;,  'strength.'  The  art  of  promoting, 
by  appropriate  exercises,  strength  of  body,  and 
grace  of  movements. 

CALIX,  Calyx,  Li/undib'uliim,  from  xaAuf,  'a 
cup,'  'a  flower  cup.'  (F.)  Calice,  Entonnoir. 
Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  small  cup- 
like membranous  canals,  which  surround  the 
papilhv  of  the  kidney,  and  open  into  its  pelvis, 
whither  they  convey  the  urine  : — Cal'ices  rena'l&s, 
Cylind'ri  membrana'cei  licnum,  Fin'tulcB  nre'te- 
rum  renum,  Canales  vienibra'nei  lienum,  Tn'bnli 
pelvis  renum.  Their  number  varies  from  6  to  12 
in  each  kidney. 

Calix  Vomitoria,  Goblet,  emetic. 

CALLA  PALUS'TRIS,  Water  Arum  ;  indige- 
nous. Ord.  Araceae  :  has  similar  virtues  to  those 
of  the  Arums. 

Calla  Virginica,  Peltandra  Yirginica. 

CALLEUX,  Callous. 

CALLIBLEPH'ARUM,  from  KaWo^,  'beauty,' 
and  (3Xc(papov,  'eyelid.'  A  remedy  for  beautify- 
ing the  eyelids. 


CALLICANTIIUS 


158 


CALUMBA 


CALLTCANTHUS,  Calycanthus. 

CALLICAR'PA  AMERICA'NA,  French  MuV- 
hernj ;  indigenous.  Order,  Verbenaccae.  Used 
as  a  eutropliic  in  cutaneous  diseases.  Said  to  be 
useful  in  drop?}'. 

CALLICOCCA  IPECACUANHA,  Ipecacu- 
anlia. 

CALLTCRRAS.  Pancre.is. 

CALLIOMARCIIUS,  Tussilago, 

CALI.IP-E'DIA,  from  icaXXo?,  'beauty,'  and 
ran,  Ttit^o;,  'a  child.'  The  art  of  begetting  beau- 
tiful fhildren.  This  was  the  title  of  a  poem  by 
Claude  Quillet,  in  1055;  "OallijicBdia  si've  de  pnl- 
chrcp.  proh's  hahenda;  rcitione."  The  author  ab- 
.surdly  supposes,  that  the  beauty  of  children  is 
affected  by  the  scnsati<ins  which  the  mother  ex- 
periences during  her  pregnancy. 

CALLIPERS  OF  BAUDELOCQUE,  see  Pel- 
vimeter. 

CALLIPESTRIA,  Cosmetics. 

C  ALLIPII YLLUM,  Asjjlenium  trichoma- 
noides. 

CALLIP'YGOS,  from  koXXdj,  'beauty,'  and 
Tuyi;,  '  buttocks.'  A  coguomen  of  Venus,  owing 
to  her  beautiful  nates. 

CALLISTHENICS,  Calisthenics. 

CALLITRICIIE  AQUATICA,  C.  Verna— e. 
Ileterophylla,  C.  Verna— c.  Intermedia,  C. 
Verna. 

Cai.i.it'richk  Verna,  (KaXo;,  'beautiful,'  and 
&pi^,  Tiiix'>i,  'hair,'  from  its  capillary  and  tufted 
stems,)  C.  nqiiat'ien  seu  intc.rme'din  seu  hetero- 
phijl'ld,  Wotcr  chickmeed,  ]Vuter  starwort. :  indi- 
genous ;  Order,  Callitrichacere  ;  is  diuretic,  and 
used  in  dropsy,  in  the  form  of  tincture  or  of  de- 
coction. 

CAL'LITRIS  ECKLO'NL  A  South  African 
tree,  Ord.  Coniferae,  from  the  branches  and  cones 
of  which  a  gum  exudes,  that  resembles  Gum 
Sandarac.  This  is  successfully  used  in  the  form 
of  fumigations  in  gout,  rheumatism,  oedematous 
swellings.  &c. 

Callitius  CuPRESSOiDES,  a  common  shrub  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  Cape  Town,  exudes  a  simi- 
lar substance. 

CALLOSITAS,  Induration  — c.  Palpebrarum, 
Scleriasis — e.  Vesica>,  Cystauxe. 

CALLOS'ITY,  Calloe'itas,  Seyro^,  Ti/le,  Tylux, 
Ti/lo'ma,  Tylu'niK,  Dcrniatoscler'i't^is,  JJermatot!/- 
lo'mn,  Dermcitutylo'm'n,  Dermatot'ylun,  I^oms,  Ec- 
phij' inn  Calltis.  Hardness,  induration,  and  thick- 
ness of  the  skin,  which  assumes  a  horny  consist- 
ence in  places  where  it  is  exposed  to  constant 
pressure.  (F.)  Durtllon.  Also  the  induration, 
which  is  observed  in  old  wounds,  old  ulcers,  fis- 
tulous passages,  <fec. 

CALLOUS,  Callo'mi8,  OcJifJio'des,  from  callus, 
'hardness.'  (F.)  Cnlleu.v.  That  which  is  hard 
or  indurated.  A  C(dlous  Ulcer  is  one  whose  edges 
are  thick  and  indurated. 

CALLUNA  ERICA,  Erica  vulgaris  —  c.  Vul- 
garis, Erica  vulgaris. 

CALLUS,  Cains,  CalUim,  Osteot'ylns,  (F.)  Cal. 
The  bony  matter,  thrown  out  between  the  frac- 
tured extremities  of  a  bone,  which  acts  as  a  ce- 
ment, and  as  a  new  bony  formation.  The  words 
are.  likewise,  used  occasionally  in  the  same  sense 
as  Callosity. 

Callus,  PnovisiONAL.  When  the  shaft  of  a 
long  bone  has  been  broken  through,  and  the  ex- 
tremities have  been  brought  in  exact  juxtaposi- 
tion, the  new  matter,  first  ossified,  is  that  which 
occupies  the  central  portion  of  the  deposit,  and 
thus  connects  the  medullary  cavities  of  the  broken 
ends,  forming  a  kind  of  plug,  which  enters  each. 
This  was  termed  by  M.  I)upuytren  the  provi- 
sional Callus. 


CALMANTS,  Sedatives. 

CA  LME,  (F.)  The  interval  that  separates  the 
paroxysms  of  an  acute  or  chronic  disease.  AVhen 
the  type  is  intermittent,  the  word  intermUslon  is 
used. 

CALOMBA,  Calumba. 

CAL'OMEL,  from  icaXof,  'good,' and  fitXif, 
'black.'  A  term,  formerly  applied  to  ^Ethiops 
mineral.  By  some,  the  mild  chloride  of  mercury 
is  said  to  have  been  so  called  by  Sir  Theodnre 
Turquet  de  Mayerno,  in  consequence  of  its  having 
been  prepared  by  a  favourite  black  servant,  cir, 
according  to  others,  because  it  was  a  good  remedy 
for  bUick  bile.  It  is  now  applied  to  the  mild 
chloride  of  mercury  only.  See  Hydrargyri  sub- 
murias. 

CALOMEL  STOOLS.  A  term  applied  to  tlio 
green,  spinach-like,  evacuations  occasioned  hy 
the  internal  use  of  the  mild  chloride  of  mercury. 

CALOMEL'ANOS  TURQUE'TI,  Hydrargyri 
submurias.  A  name,  also,  given  by  Riverius  to 
purgative  pills,  prepared  with  calomel,  sulphur, 
and  resin  of  jalap. — Dictionaries. 

CALOMELAS,  Hydrargyri  submurias. 

CALO'NIA,  KaXiavia.  An  epithet  formerly 
given  to  myrrh. — Hippocrates.     See  Myrrha. 

CALOPHYLLUM  INOPHYLLUM,  see  Fa- 
gara  octandra. 

CALOR,  Heat  —  c.  Animalis,  Animal  heat  — 
e.  Nativus,  Animal  heat. 

CALORWITE,  (F.)  Caloric"ifas.  The  faculty 
possessed  by  living  bodies  of  generating  a  suffi- 
cient quantity  of  caloric  to  enable  them  to  resist 
atmospheric  cold,  and  to  preserve,  at  all  times 
and  in  every  part,  a  temperature  nearly  equal. 
See  Animal  Heat. 

CALORIFA'CIENT,  Calorif'innt,  Cnlori/a'. 
ct'enn,  Cnlorijj'anfi :  from  calor,  'heat,' and/nrcir, 
'to  make.'  Having  the  power  of  producing  heat. 
Relating  to  the  power  of  producing  heat. 

CALORIFICA'TION,  Calorfficu'tio,  from  m- 
lor,  'heat,'  And  jieri,  'to  be  made.*  The  funetiun 
of  producing  animal  heat. 

CALOliixESES,  from  calor,  'heat.'  The 
name  under  which  M.  Baumes  proposes  to  ar- 
range all  diseases  characterized  by  a  sensible 
change  in  the  quantity  of  animal  heat.  The  ('«- 
hirineses  form  the  first  class  of  his  Nosology. 

CALOTROPIS  GIGANTEA,  Mudar— c".  Mu- 
darii,  Mudar. 

CALOTTE,  (F.)  Pile' ohm.  Anatomists  some- 
times give  the  name.  Calotte  aponevrotiqnc,  to 
the  aponeurosis  of  the  occipito-frontalis  muscle, 
which  covers  it  externally ;  and  that  of  Calotte 
dn  crane  to  the  scnU-cap, 

Calotte  is  also  applied  to  an  adhesive  plaster, 
with  which  the  head  of  a  person  labouring  under 
tinea  capitis  is  sometimes  covered,  after  the  hiiir 
has  been  shaved  off.  This  plaster  is  pulled  sud- 
denly and  violently  off,  in  order  to  remove  the 
bulbs  of  the  hair.  It  means,  also,  a  sort  of  coiT 
made  of  boiled  leather,  worn  by  those  who  have 
undergone  the  operation  of  trepanning,  Ac. 

CALOTTE  D' ASSURANCE,  Condom. 

CALTHA  ALPINA,  Arnica  montiina— c  Ar- 
vensis.  Calendula  arvensis  —  c.  Marsh,  C.  Palus- 
tris — c.  Officinalis,  Calendula  arvensis. 

CaLTHA  Palus'triS,  Mamh  3lar'i(j(dd,  .lil'iTxh 
Caltlia,  CoHnHpn.  Order,  Ranunculacea; :  iuili- 
gcnous.  A  syrup  prepared  from  it  is  a  popular 
cough  remedy. 

Caltha  Vulgaris,  Calendula  ofBcinalis. 

CALTROPS,  see  Trapa  nntans. 

CALUM'BA,  Colom'ho,  Calnm'ba,  Colom'hi, 
(Ph.  U.  S.);  Colnmho,  Radix  ColnmhcB,  (F.)  Cu- 
Itimbe  ou   Colttmbe.     The   root  of  Jleninper'i.iuin 


CALUS 


159 


CAMPIIENE 


jxilmtt'tnm,  Cnc.'culuH  pnlma'tus.  Order,  Meni- 
fcperiniict'aj :  indigenous  in  Mozauibique.  Its 
oilour  is  slightly  uroiuatic;  taste  unpleai^antly 
bitter.  It  is  tonic  and  antiseptic.  Dose,  gr.  10 
to  J5J  '"  powder. 

(Jam:mba,  American,  Frnse'ra  Walteri  seu 
Citrulliicn'm's  seu  Ojjlcinn'liii  seu  verticil' lata, 
Hwer'tin  diffiiriii'iH  seu  Fraxe'ra,  American  or 
Maricl'ta  Culiimbo,  Indian  Lettuce,  Yellow  Gen- 
tian, (liilden  Seat,  Meadiiw  pride,  Pi/r'ainid.  The 
root  Franc' ra  (Ph.  U.  S.)  is  used  in  the  same 
cases  as  tlie  true  Caluiuba. 
UALUS,  Callus. 
CALVA,  Cranium. 

Calva,  Valva'ria.  The  cranium  ;  the  upper 
part  e.-jpecially  ;  the  skull-cap; — the  Vault  of  the 
Cranium,  Cam'era. 

CALVARIA,  Cranium. 

CALVA'TA  FEllRAMEN'TA.  Surgical  in- 
struments, which  have  a  head  or  button. 

CAliVIT"lES,  Calvifium,  Phal'acra,  Phnla- 
cro'iii,  Glahrit"ies,  Ophi'aKis,  Depila'tio  Cap'- 
itio,  I'lialacro'ma,  Madaro'sis,Lip8utrich'ia,  Batd- 
vchu,  (Old  Eng.)  Ballednesse,  Cal'vity,  Ac,  from 
calvuK.  'bald,'(F.)  Oalvitie,  Chanvete.  Absence 
of  hair,  particularly  at  the  top  of,  and  behind, 
tlie  head. 

Cai.vit"ies  Palpebra'iium  is  loss  of  the  eye- 
lashes. 

CALVUS,  Athrix. 

CALX,  Lime,  Ca'rium  Terra;,  Protox'ide  of 
Cnl'cium,  Cnlca'ria pura,  (F.)  Chaux.  The  lime, 
employed  in  pharmacy,  should  be  recently  pre- 
pared by  calcination.  When  water  is  sprinkled 
over  caustic  lime,  we  have  slaked  lime,  hydrate 
(,f  i;„,e, — the  Valcia  Hydras  of  the  London  phar- 
niacoptcia. 

Cai.x,  see  Calcaneum  — •  c.  Bismuthi,  BL^imuth, 
subiiitrnte  of — c.  Chlorinata,  CaU-is  chloridum — 
c.  Cum  kali  puro,  Potassa  cum  calce  —  c.  Salita, 
Calcis  murias  —  c.  O-xymuriatica,  Calcis  chlo- 
ridum. 

Calx  e  Testis  ;  lime  prepared  from  shells. 
It  has  probably  no  medicinal  advantages  over 
tlijit  prepared  from  marble. 

Calx  Viva,  C.  reccns  seu  iista,  Calx  et  Calx 
viva,  O.r'idum  Cal'cii,  Fitmans  nix,  Lime  or 
QuicJclime,  (F.)  Chaux  vive.  The  external  ope- 
ration of  calx  viva  is  eseharotie,  but  it  is  rarely 
used.  Lime  is  a  good  disinfecting  agent.  It  is 
employed  internally  in  the  form  of  Liquor  Calcis. 
CALYCANTirUS,  C.Flur'idus,  Callican'thus, 
[?]  Carol  i'na  Allspice,  Sweet-scented  shrub,  Sweet 
shrub,  from  calyx,  'a  flower-cup,'  and  avdoi,  'a 
flower.'  An  indigenous  plant;  0)-(/cr,  Calycan- 
thacesc  ;  with  purplish  flowers,  of  strong,  agree- 
able odour,  which  ajjpear  from  March  to  June. 
The  root  is  possessed  of  emetic  properties. 

C  A L  Y  P T  R  A  NTIIES  CARYOPHYLLATA, 
Myrtus  caryophyllata. 

CALYSTEliIA  SEPIUM,  Convolvulus  sepium 
— c.  Soldanella,  Convolvulus  soldanella. 
CALYX,  Calix. 
CAMARA,  Calva. 

CAMAREZ,  MIxXERAL  WATERS  OF.  C»- 
mnrez  is  a  small  canton  near  Sylvanes,  in  the 
department  of  Aveyron,  France,  where  there  are 
acidulous  chalybeates. 

CAMARO'STS,  Cnmam'ma,  from  xnnapn,  'a 
vault."  Camera'tio.  Tcstudina'tio  Cra'nii.  A. spe- 
cies of  fracture  of  the  skull — cam' crated  frnc- 
tnre—\\\  which  the  fragments  are  placed  so  as  to 
form  a  vault,  with  its  base  resting  on  the  dura 
mater.  — (Jalcn.  Paulus  of  .Tlgina. 

CAMBIE-LEAF,  Nympha-a  alba  et  lutea. 
C  VMBINO.     A  tree  of  the  Molucca  Islands, 
from  the  bark  of  which  a  kind  of  gum-resin  ex- 


udes, which  has  been  highly  extolled  in  dysen- 
tery. It  appears  to  have  some  resemblance  to 
the  simarouba — Rumphius. 

CAMBIUM,  '  Exchanfje.'  A  name  formerly 
given  to  a  fancied  nutritive  juice,  which  was 
supposed  to  originate  in  the  blood,  to  r-epair  the 
losses  of  every  organ,  and  produce  their  increase. 
— Sennertus. 

CAMBO,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A  vil- 
lage in  the  department  of  Basses  Pyrenees, 
France,  where  there  are  two  mineral  springs; 
the  one  an  acidulous  chalybeate,  the  other  sul- 
phureous. Temperature,  62°  to  09°  Fahrenheit. 
CAMBODIA,  Cambogia. 

CAMBO'GIA,  from  Cambodia,  in  the  Enst  In- 
dies, where  it  is  oljtaiiied.  Jlenee,  likewise,  its 
names  Cambo'dia,  Cambo'i/ium,  Gambo'i/ia,  Gam- 
bo'  (ji  um,Gamhu'  gi  nm  ,Ga  inboi'  dia .  It  is  called, also, 
Gutta,  Gutta  yamba  seu  Gamandr(B,Giimmi  Gutta, 
Catayau'na,  Cattajau' ma,  Chri/'nopus,  Laxati'vus 
Lid'icus,  Gumnii  Bo'ijia  seu  (jaiiKin' drtr  ?eu  de  Goa 
seu  de  Jemn  seu  ad  Pod'ar/ram,  Chilta  jemoco, 
Cand)oge  or  Gamboc/e,  (F.)  Gomme  Gutte.  Ord. 
Guttiferae.  A  yellow  juice  obtained  from  Ilebra- 
dendroH  Camh-or/ioi'dcn,  and  other  plants  of  the 
natural  family  (Juttifera3,  but  it  is  not  known 
from  which  of  them  the  oBSeinal  camboge  is  ob- 
tained. It  is  inodorous,  of  an  orange  yellow 
colour;  opake  and  brittle;  fracture,  glassy;  is  a 
drastic  cathartic,  emetic  and  anthelmintic;  and 
is  used  in  visceral  obstructions  and  dropsy,  and 
wherever  powerful  hydragogue  cathartics  are  re- 
quired. Dose  from  gr.  ij  to  vi,  in  powder,  united 
with  calomel,  squill,  <fec. 

Cambogia  Gutta,  (Jarcinia  cambogia. 
CAMBU'CA,   Cambiic'ca    membra'ta.      Buboes 
and  venereal  ulcers,  seated  in  the  groin  or  near 
the  genital  organs. — Paracelsus.     See  Bubo. 
CAMELEF,  Cneorum  tricoccum. 
CAMERA,  Chamber,  Fornix,  Vault — c.  Cordis, 
Pericardium — c.  Oculi,  Chamber  of  the  eye. 
CAMERATIO,  Cam.arosis. 
CAMFOROSMA,  Camphorosma. 
CAMINGA,  Canella  alba. 
CAMISIA  FCETOs,  Chorion. 
CAMISOLE,  Waistcoat,  strait. 
CAMMARUS,  Crab. 

CAMOMILLE  FETIDE,  Antherais  cotula— 
c.  Puante,  Antherais  cotula — c.  Romaine,  Anthe- 
mis  nobilis — c.  des  Teinturiera,  Anthemis  tincto- 
ria — c.   Vulrjaire,  Matricaria  chamomilla. 

CAMOSIERS,  WATERS  OF.  Camos-iers  is 
a  canton,  two  leagues  from  Marseilles,  where  are 
two  springs  containing  carbonate  of  lime,  sul- 
phur, chloride  of  sodium,  Ac.  They  are  purga- 
tive, and  used  in  skin  complaints. 
CAMOTES,  Convolvulus  batatas. 
CAMPAGNE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP. 
Campagne  is  in  the  dejiartinent  of  Aude,  France. 
The  waters  contain  suljihate  and  chlorohydrate 
of  magnesia.     Temperature,  80°  Fahrenheit. 

CAMPAN'ULA.  Diminutive  of  campana,  a 
bell. 

Campanula  TnACHE'MUM,  Canterbury  Bell  or 
Throaticort,  was  formerly  used,  in  decoction,  ia 
relaxation  of  the  fauces.  It  is,  also,  called  Cer- 
vica'ria. 

CAMPE,  Flexion. 

CAMPHENE.  The  radical  of  camphor,  which, 
according  to  Dumas,  consists  of  camphene  and 
one  equivalent  of  oxygen.  Camj)henc  or  cam- 
phine  is  represented  by  pure  oil  of  turpentine, 
That  which  is  used  for  burning  in  lamps,  and  ia 
occasionally  employed  therapeutically,  is  oil  of 
turpentine  purilied  by  distillation  from  a  solution 
of  caustic  potassa. 


CAMPIIIRE 


1  0  0 


CANAL  DE  PETIT 


CAMPHIRE,  Camphor. 

CA.Ml'lIOK,  from  Arab.  Cn'plmr  or  Kam'- 
pltii);  Cam'phora,  Caphura,  Caffa,  Oaf,  Cnfur, 
Vaphora,  Alta/or,  Camphire,  (F.)  Covqihre. 
A  concrete  substance,  prepared,  by  distillation, 
from  L'liiius  O't  III' Jill  Ufa,  Per'sea  Coiii'fora,  C<ait- 
jihira  officiiKiiuiii,  an  indigenous  tree  of  the  East 
Indies.  "  Order,  Laurineie.  Its  odour  is  strong 
and  fragrant :  it  is  volatile,  not  easily  pulveriza- 
ble;  texture  crystalline.  Soluble  in  alcohol, 
ether,  oils,  vinegar,  and  slightly  so  in  water.  Its 
properties  are  narcotic,  diaphoretic,  and  sedative. 
Dose,  gr.  v  to  ^j.  Dissolved  in  oil  or  alcohol,  it 
is  applied  externally  in  rheumatic  pains,  bruises, 
sprain?,  Ac. 

CAMi>iioit  Water,  Mistura  Camphorse. 
CAMPHORA'CEOUS,  Camphora'cens.     Rela- 
ting to  or  containing  camphor; — as  a  '  camphor- 
aeeoHs  smell  or  remedy.' 

CAMPHORATA  HIRSUTA,  and  C.  MON- 
SPELIEXSIUM,  Camphorosina  Monspeliaca. 

CAMPH'ORATED,  Camphora'tus,  (F.)  Cnm- 
phri.  Relating  to  camphor ;  containing  cam- 
phor ;  as  a  cumphorated  smell,  a  camphorated 
draugltt. 

CAMPHOROS'MA  MONSPELIACA,  C.  Pe- 
reJi'iiiV,  from  Camphor, and  otritrj,  'odour.'  Sela'go, 
Camphora'tn  hirsit'ta  seu  Moiixpelien'slum,  Hairy 
Camphoron'ma,  (F.)  Cumphree  de  Ifoiitjie/licr. 
Order,  ChenopodiaeesB.  Sex.  Sijsf.  Tetrandria 
Monogynia.  This  plant,  as  its  name  imports,  has 
an  odour  of  camphor.  It  is  regarded  as  diuretic, 
diaphoretic,  cephalic,  antispasmodic,  Ac.  It  is 
also  called  Uhamapeu'ce  and  Stinking  Ground 
Pine.  ' 

CASfPHonosMA  Perennis,  C.  Monspeliaca. 
CAMPIIRE,  Camphor. 
CAMPHRE,  Camphorated. 
CAMPHIIEE  DE  MONTPELLIER,  Cam- 
phorosma  Monspeliaca. 

CAMPION,  ROSE,  Lychnis  githago. 
CAMPOMANE'SIA  LINEATIFO'LIA.  A 
tree,  twenty  to  thirty  feet  high,  which  grows  in 
Peru,  and  whose  fruit — jialillo  —  of  a  bright  yel- 
low colour,  and  as  large  as  a  moderate-sized  apple, 
has  an  exceedingly  agreeable  scent,  and  is  one 
of  the  ingredients  in  making  the  perfumed  water 
called  niiHtura. — Tschudi. 

CA^tlPSIS,  Flex'io,  Curva'tio,  Injiex'io.  Bone 
or  cartilage,  forcibly  bent  from  its  proper  shape, 
without  breaking. — Good. 

Campsis  Depressto,  Depression. 
CAMPYLOR'RHACHIS;  from  KannvXog, 
'  crooked,'  and  pa;^i;,   '  spine.'    A  monster  whose 
spine  is  crooked. — Gurlt. 

CAMPYLORRHI'NUS;  from  Ka/jnrvXoi, 
'crooked,'  and  piv,  'nose.'  A  monster  whose 
nose  is  crooked. — Gurlt. 

CAMPYLOTIS,  Cataclasis. 
CAMPYLUM,  Cataclasis. 

CAMUS,  (F.)  Simiis,  Besi'mns,  Simo,  Silo,  Si- 
las. One  who  has  a  short,  stumpy  nose.  The 
French  speak  of  A'ez  camus,  'short  nose.' 

CANADA  BURNET,  Sanguisorba  cana- 
densis. 

CAN'ADA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  St. 
Catherine's,  at  the  head  of  Lake  Ontario,  at  the 
entrance  of  the  Welland  Canal,  12  miles  from 
Niagara  Falls,  and  on  the  Great  Western  Rail- 
road, has  a  mineral  spring,  much  frequented, 
which  Dr.  Chilton,  of  New  York,  analyzed  and 
found  to  contain  chlorides  of  calcium,  magnesium, 
sodium,  and  iron,  sulphate  of  lime,  carbonates  of 
lime  and  magnesia,  hromide  and  iodide  of  mag- 
nesium, silica  and  alumina. 

Tuscarora  Acid  Spring  is  in  the  township  of 


Tuscarora,  about  20  miles  north  of  1  ass  Dover. 
It  contains  a  large  amount  of  free  suli.luine  acid  ; 
beside  sulphates  of  the  alkalies,  lime,  magnesia, 
alumina  and  iron. 

Charlotteville  Sniphiir  Spring  is  a  few  milc! 
from  Dover,  on  Lake  Erie.  It  contains  an  uu- 
usual  quantity  of  sulphuretted  hy<lrogen. 

The  Caledonia  Springs — a  well  known  water- 
ing place — are  a  few  miles  south  of  the  Ottawa 
river,  and  40  miles  from  Montreal.  There  lire 
various  sources  ;  one — the  Gas  Spring — diselinrg- 
ing  carburetted  hydrogen  ;  a  Saline  and  a  ,V»/- 
2>hiir  Spring;  besides  an  Jntcriniltiiig  Spring, 
which  discharges  large  quantities  of  carlniretted 
hydrogen  ;  and  in  which  iodine  and  bromine  have 
been  detected. 

CANAL,  Cann'lis,  Dnctiis,  ilca'tns,  Pnros, 
Och'etos,  (F.)  Conduit.  A  channel  for  affording 
passage  to  liquids,  or  solids,  or  to  certain  organ,--. 
Canal,  Alimen'tary,  C.  Diges'tive,  Cann'lis 
seu  Ductus  ciba'riiis  seu  digesti'vua  seu  aliiiteu- 
ta'rins,  Tubus  alimenta'rius  seu  intestino'nim, 
Diges'tive  Tube,  Aliment'ary  Duct  or  Tnhe.  The 
canal  extending  from  the  mouth  to  the  anus. 

Canal,  Akach'noii),  Cana'lis  Bichot'ii,  Cnnnl 
of  Biehat.  A  canal,  formed  by  the  extension  of 
the  arachnoid  over  the  transverse  and  longitudi- 
nal fissures  of  the  brain,  which  surrounds  the  vena 
magna  Galeni.  The  orifice  of  the  canal  has 
been  termed  the  Foramen  of  Biehat. 

CANAL  ARTE  HI  EL,  Arterial  duct  — c.  de 
Bartholin,  Ductus  Bartholinus  —  c.  of  Biehat, 
Canal,  arachnoid — c.  Bullular,  of  Petit,  Godrouue, 
canal  —  c.  Carotidien,  Carotid  canal  —  c.  ChoU- 
doque,  Choledoch  duct — c.  Ciliary,  Ciliary  canal 
— c.  of  Cotunnius,  A.t)U8cductus  vestibuli — c.  Di'- 
ferent,  Deferens  vas — c.  of  Fontana,  Ciliary  cnnnl 
—  c.  Goudronne,  Godronne  ccaial  —  c.  H(p>atiqiie, 
Hepatic  duct. 

Canal  of  IIdguier.  A  small  canal  at  the 
inner  side  of  the  fissure  of  Glaser,  through  whii-h 
the  chorda  tympani  nerve  leaves  the  cavity  of 
the  tympanum. 

Canal,  Hy'ALmn.  A  cylindrical  passage,  de- 
scribed by  M.  J.  Cloquet  as  formed  by  the  reflec- 
tion of  the  hyaloid  membrane  into  the  interior 
of  the  vitreous  body  around  the  nutritious  artery 
of  the  lens.  M.  Cruveilhier  has  never  been  able 
to  see  it. 

Canal,  Inci'site,  see  Palatine  canals — e.  Infra- 
orbitar,  Suborbitar  canal — c  InJIcxe  de  I'os  tew- 
pioral.  Carotid  canal — c.  Interrneiliare  des  ventri- 
cules,  Aquaeductus  Sylvii. 

Canal,  Intes'tinal,  Cana'lis  seu  Ductus  inten- 
tina'lis.  The  portion  of  the  digestive  canal  formed 
by  the  intestines. 

Canal  of  Jacobson,  Canal,  tympanic. 
Canal,  Med'ullary.     Tlie  cylindrical  cavity 
in  the  body  or  shaft  of  a  long  bone,  which  cou- 
tains  the  marrow. 

Canal,  Nasal,  Lachrymal  canal. 
Canal  of  Ncck.     A  cylindrical  sheath  formed 
around  the  round  ligaments  of  the  uterus  by  a 
prolongation  of  the  peritoneum  into  the  inguinal 
canal. 

CANAL  DE  PETIT,  Godronne  canal  — c. 
Pulino-aortique,  Arterial  duct — c.  Rachidian, 
Vertebral  canal. 

Canal  op  Sciilemm.  A  minute  circular  canal, 
discovered  by  Professor  Schlemni,  of  Berlin.  It 
is  situate  at  the  point  of  union  of  the  cornea  and 
sclerotica. 

Canal,  Spinal,  Vertebral  canal  —  c.  SpirouU 
de  I'os  temporal,  Aquaeductus  Fallopii — c.  de  S'e- 
non,  Ductus  salivalis  superior  —  c.  Thoracique, 
Thoracic  duct  —  c.  Veineux,  Canal,  venous  —  c. 
Vulvo-uterinc,  Vagina  — c.  de  Warthon,  Ductua 
salivalis  inferior. 


CANALES   AliRIFERI 


IGl 


CANCER 


CAyAl,,  Tym'panic,  Cnnn'Us  tympnn'icun,  Cnnal 
o/J'i'cobmiii.  A  eaiiiil  which  opens  on  the  lower 
surface  of  the  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal 
bone,  between  tiie  carotid  canal  and  the  groove 
for  the  internal  jugular  vein.  It  contains  Jacob- 
son's  nerve. 

Can.vl,  V'ectou,  Tube,  Fnllopian. 
Canal,  V'knous,  Cutin'lis  seu  Ductus  veno'sua 
8cu  />.  I'.  Arnu'tii,  (F.)  Canal  veiueux.  A  canal 
which  exists  only  in  the  fcetus.  It  extends  from 
the  bifurcation  of  tiie  umbilical  vein  to  the  vena 
cava  inferior,  into  which  it  opens  below  the  dia- 
phragm. At  times,  it  ends  in  one  of  the  infra- 
hepniic  veins.  It  pours  into  the  cava  a  part  of 
the  blinxl,  which  passes  from  the  placenta  by  the 
umbilical  vein.  After  birth,  it  becomes  a  fibro- 
cellular  cord. 

Canal  ov  Wuisung,  see  Pancreas. 

CAX.\LK.S  AKRIFERI,  see  Bronchia. 

CANA'LKS  BRESCIIET'I.  Canals  in  the 
diploe  for  the  passage  of  veins ;  so  called  after 
M.  Breschct. 

Caxali:.s  Circulares,  Semicircular  canals — c. 
Cochlcie,  Scal;«  of  the  cochlea — c.  Lacrymales, 
Lachrymal  ducts — c.  iMeml)ranei  rcnum,  see  Calix 
— c.  Tiihicformes,  Semicircular  canals. 

CANAI-rCULATED,  Grooved. 

CAXALICULATUS,  CaunelS,  Grooved. 

CAXALIUULE,  Grooved. 

OAXALWULES  CALCIFERES,  Canaliculi 
calciferi. 

CANALICULI.  plural  of  Canaliculus— c.  Bili- 
feri,  Pori  biliarii  —  c.  of  Bone,  see  Lacunae  of 
Bone. 

CANALICULI  CALCIF'ERI,  Cuhiferous 
catinls,  (F.)  CmialiritleH  Ca/ci/ereo.  Minute  ca- 
nnliculi,  ol)scrvcd  with  the  microscope,  in  the 
cartilages  of  bones,  which  are  full  of  calcareous 
salts. 

CANALICULI  HAVERSIAXI,  Canals,  nu- 
tritive—  c.  Lacrymales,  Lachrymal  ducts  —  c. 
Limacum,  Lachrymal  ducts  —  c.  Semicirculares, 
Semicircular  canals  —  e.  Scminales,  see  Testicle 
— c.  Seminiferi,  see  Testicle — c.  Vasculosi,  Canals, 
nutritive. 

CANALICULUS,  diminutive  of  canalis,  'a 
channel.'     A  small  channel.     See  Canaliculi. 

CANALIS,  Meatus  —  c.  Alimentiirius,  Canal, 
alimentary  —  c.  Arteriosus,  Arterial  duct  —  c. 
Bichatii,  Canal,  arachnoid — c.  Caualiculatus,  Gor- 
get— c.  Caroticus,  Carotid  canal — c.  Cervicis,  see 
Uterus — c.  Deferens,  Deferens  vas — c.  Eminen- 
tife  quadrigeminic.  Aquicductus  Sylvii — c.  Fallo- 
pii,  Aquicductus  Fallopii — c.  Intcstinoruin,  Intes- 
tinal tube  —  c.  L:icrymalis,  Lachrj'mal  or  nasal 
duct — c.  Medius,  Aijuicductus  Sylvii — c.  MedulUie 
Spinalis,  see  Vertebral  column — c.  Nervous  fistu- 
losus  renum,  Ureter — c.  OrbitiB  nasalis.  Lachry- 
mal or  naiial  duct — c.  Scalarum  communis,  In- 
fundibulum  of  the  cochlea — c.  Semicircul.aris  ho- 
rizontalis,  see  Semicircular  Canals  — c.  Semicif- 
cularis  verticalis  posterior,  sec  Semicircular  Ca- 
nals—  c.  Semicircularis  verticalis  superior,  see 
Semicircular  canals — c.  Tympanicus,  Canal,  tym- 
panic— c.  Urinarius,  Urethra  —  c.  Vidianus,  Pte- 
rygoid canal. 

CANALS  OF  HAVERS.  Canals,  nutritive  — 
e.  Haversian,  Canals,  nutritive. 

CajJALS,  NuTltlTlVK,  Canah  for  the  nutrition 
of  bonei.  Diictiix  uiitrit"ii,  Cnnnlic'uli  vanculo'si 
seu  Narprnin'iii,  Ifacer'nian  Canah,  Canah  of 
Ilnvern,  (F.)  C'inan.r  nonrriciers  ou  rfu  Nutrition 
dea  08,  Coiifiuils  nonrriciers  ou  nutriciers.  The 
canals  through  which  the  vessels  pass  to  the 
bones.  They  are  lined  by  a  very  fine  lamina  of 
11 


compact  texture,  or  are  formed  in  the  texture 
itself.  There  is,  generally,  one  large  nutritious 
canal  in  a  long  bone,  situate  towards  its  middle. 

CANAPACIA,  Artemisia  vulgaris. 

CANARIES,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  climate 
of  the  Canaries  greatly  resembles  that  of  Ma- 
deira. That  of  the  latter,  however,  is  more 
equable,  and  the  accommodation  for  invalids 
much  superior. 

CANARIUM  COMMUNE,  see  Amyris  elemi- 
fera. 

CANARY-SEED,  Phalaris  Canariensis. 

CANAUX  AQUEUX,  see  Aqueous — c.  Demi- 
circuhiires,  Semicircular  canals — c.  Ejaculafem^, 
Ejaculatory  ducts — c.  Xourriciers,  Canals,  nutri- 
tive— c.  de  Xntrition  des  o«,  Canals,  nutritive. 

CANAUX  DE  TRAXSMISSTOX.  Accord- 
ing to  Bichat,  the  bony  canals  intended  to  give 
passage  to  vessels  and  nerves  going  to  parts  more 
or  less  distant — as  the  Cann'lis  Cnrof'icus,  &c. 

CANAUX  VEINEUX,  Venous  Canah.  The 
canals  situate  in  the  diploe,  which  convey  venous 
blood. 

CAN'CAMUM.  A  mixture  of  several  gums 
and  resins,  exjiorted  from  Africa,  where  it  is  used 
to  deterge  wounds.  Dioscorides  calls,  by  the 
name  KayKafxov,  the  tears  from  an  Arabian  tree, 
which  are  similar  to  myrrh,  and  of  a  disagree- 
able taste.  He  advises  it  in  numerous  diseases. 
This  name  is  given,  also,  to  the  Anime. 

CANCAMY,  Anime. 

CAN'CELLATED,  CanceUa'tus,(¥.)  Cancel! e  ; 
from  Canoelti,  'lattice-work.'  Formed  of  can- 
celli,  as  the  'cancellated  structure  of  bone' 

CANCEL'LI,  'Lattice-work.'  The  Cellular 
or  Spnntjy  Texture  of  Bones,  (F.)  Tissu  celluleux  ; 
consisting  of  numerous  cells,  communicating  with 
each  other.  They  contain  a  fatty  matter,  an.'ilo- 
gnus  to  marrow.  This  texture  is  met  with,  prin- 
oipally,  at  the  extremities  of  long  bones:  nn<l 
some  of  the  short  bones  consist  almost  wholly  of 
it.  It  allows  of  the  expansion  of  the  extremities 
of  bones,  without  adding  to  their  weight,  and 
deadens  concussions. 

CANCEL'LUS,  from  cancer,  'a  crab.'  A  spe- 
cies of  crayfish,  called  the  Wrong  Heir,  and  Her- 
nard  the  Hermit:  which  is  said  to  cure  rheuma- 
tism, if  rubbed  on  the  part. 

CANCER,  'a  crab.'  Car'cinos,  Lupus  eancro'- 
siis.  A  disease,  go  called  either  on  account  of  tha 
hideous  appearance  which  the  ulcerated  cancer 
presents,  or  on  account  of  the  great  veins  which 
surround  it,  and  which  the  ancients  compared  to 
the  claws  of  the  crab  :  called  also  Carcino'ma. 
It  consists  of  a  scirrhous,  livid  tumour,  inter- 
sected by  firm,  whitish,  divergent  bands;  and 
occurs  chiefly  in  the  secernent  glands.  The 
pains  are  acute  and  lancinating,  and  often  extend 
to  other  parts.  The  tumour,  ultimately,  termi- 
nates in  a  fetid  and  ichorous  ulcer, —  Ulcui 
cancro'sum.  It  is  distinguished,  according  to  its 
stages,  into  occult,  Cancer  occul'tus,  and  open,  ('. 
aper'tus ;  the  former  being  the  scirrhous,  the 
latter  the  ulcerated  condition.  At  times,  there  is 
a  simple  destruction  or  erosion  of  the  organ,  at 
otliers,  an  enccphaloid  or  cerehriform,  and,  at 
others,  again,  a  colloid  degeneration. 

For  its  production,  it  requires  a  peculiar  dia- 
thesis, or  cachexia.  The  following  table,  from 
Dr.  Walshe,  exhibits  the  characters  of  the  three 
species  of  carcinoma  : 

The  use  of  irritants  in  cancerous  affections  is 
strongly  to  be  deprecated.  When  the  disease  is 
so  situate  that  excision  can  be  practised,  and 
the  constitution  does  not  exhibit  great  contami- 
nation, the  sooner  it  b  removed  the  better. 


CAXCER  ALV£OLAIRE         162  CAXCER  DE  G ALIEN 


Encephaloid. 

Resembles  lolmlated  cerebral 
matter. 

Is  cDiiimonly  opake  from  its  ear- 
liest fcirmatioM. 

Is  of  a  (lead  white  colour. 

Contains  a  multitude  of  minute 
vessels. 

Is  less  hard  and  dense  than  scir- 
rhus. 

Is  frequently  found  in  the  veins 
issuini;  from  the  diseased  mass. 

'I'he  (iredominatit  microscopical 
elements  are  Klobular,  not  always 
distinctly  cellular,  and  caudate  cor- 
pusrula. 

Occasionally  attains  an  enor- 
moiis  bulk. 

Has  bei^n  observed  in  almost 
every  tissue  of  the  body. 

Very  ronmionly  co-e.\ists  in  se- 
veral parts  or  organs  of  the  same 
subject. 

Is  remarkable  for  its  occasional 
vast  rapidity  of  growth. 

Is  frequently  the  seat  of  insterti- 
tial  hemorrha^'e  and  deposition  of 
black  or  bistre-coloured  matter. 

When  softened  into  a  pulp,  ap- 
pears as  a  dead  white  or  pink  opake 
matter  of  creamy  consistence. 

Subcutaneous  tumours  are  slow 
to  contract  adhesion  with  the  skin. 

Ulcerated  encephaloid  is  fre- 
quently the  seat  of  hemorrhaire, 
followed  by  rapid  fungous  develop- 
ment. 

The  proffress  of  the  disease  after 
ulceration  is  commonly  very  rapid. 

It  is  the  most  common  form  un- 
der which  secondary  cancer  exhi- 
bits itself 

Is  the  species  of  cancer  most  fre- 
quently  observed  in  young  subjects. 


Scirrkus. 

Resembles  rind  of  bacon  tra- 
versed by  celliilo-fibrous  septa. 

Has  a  semi-transparent  glossi- 
ness. 

Has  a  clear  whitish  or  bluish 
yellow  tint. 

Is  comparatively  ill-supplied  v\  itli 
vessels. 

Is  e.vceedingly  firm  and  dense. 


Has  not  l)een  distinctly  detected 
in  this  situalioM. 

The  main  microscopical  consti- 
tuents are  juxtaposed  nuclear  cells; 
caudate  corpuscular  do  not  exist 
in  it. 

Rarely  acquires  larger  dimen- 
sions than  an  orange. 

Its  seat  as  ascertained  by  ohser- 
valiiui.  is  somewhat  more  limited. 

Is  not  unusually  solitary. 


Ordinarily  grows  slowly. 

Is  comparatively  rarely  the  seat 
of  these  changes. 

Resembles,  when  softened,  a  yel- 
lowish brown  semitransparent  ge- 
latinous mailer. 

Scirrhus  thus  situate  usually  be- 
comes aiheront. 

Scirrhous  nbers  much  less  fre- 
queiitlv  five  rise  to  hemnrrhaue  ; 
and  fuiiffous  growths  (provided 
they  retain  the  scirrhous  charac- 
ter) are  now  more  slowly  and  less 
abuu'lantlv  develojied. 

There  is  not  such  a  remarkable 
change  in  the  rate  of  progress  of  the 
disease  after  ulceration  has  set  in. 


Is  much  less  common  before  pu 
berty. 


Colloid. 

lias  the  appearance  of  particles  nf 
jelly  in  hi  id  ni  a  reirnlar  alveolar  lied 

'Jlie  ciuilamed  matter  is  stiiK 
ini.'ly  transparent. 

Greenish  yellow  is  its  preilomi. 
nam  hue. 

Its  vessels  linve  not  been  stitR. 
cieiitly  examined  as  yet. 

The  jelly  like  vinller  is  exceed, 
ingly  soft  ;  a  coll'ii<|  mnss  is,  hew- 
ever,  firm  and  resisting. 

The  piiltaceous  variety  has  been 
dete(  ted  in  the  veins. 

Is  composed  of  shells  in  a  state 
of  cmboitcment 


Observes  a  mean  in  this  respect 

Has  so  far  been  seen  in  a  liiiijtecl 
number  of  parts  only. 

Has  rarely  been  met  with  in  more 
than  one  organ. 

Grows  with  a  medium  degree  of 
rapidity. 


Undergoes  no  visible  change  of 
the  kind. 


Has  so  far  been  observed  in  adiilla  j 
only. 


CANCER  ALVEOLAIRE,  Colloid  — c.  Al- 
veolaris,  Colloid — c.  Apertus,  see  Cancer. 

Cancer  AquAT'lCtTS,  Gan'grenous  stomati'tin, 
Cnncrum  Oris,  Gangranop'sia,  Canker  of  the 
month,  Gnn'grenous  mre  mouth,  Gan'grcnous  ern'- 
sion  of  the  cheek.  Sloughing  Phngeda'na  of  the 
mouth,  Writer  Canker:  called,  also,  Aphtha  ser- 
pen'tes,  GangrcB'na  Oris,  Noma,  Nome,  Nomus, 
Pseudocarcino'nia  la'hii,  Stomac'nre  gniigrano'na, 
CheUoc'aee,  Uhc'ace,  Uli'tls  sep'tica,  Cheilomn- 
Wcia,  Scorbu'tns  Oris,  Stomatomnla' cia  pu'trida, 
Stomatosep'sia,  Stomatoneero'sis,  Carhnn'cnlua 
Inhio'rum  et  gena'ram,  (F.)  Cancer  aqnatiqne, 
Stomatile  gangreneuse,  S.  Charhonneuse,  Gangrene 
ou  Sphacke  de  la  Bouche,  Fegnrite,  Aphthe  gan- 
grineux.  Certain  sloughing  or  gangrenous  ulcers 
of  the  mouth  —  so  crtlled,  perhaps,  because  they 
are  often  accompanied  with  an  afflux  of  snliva. 
The  disease  is  not  uncommon  in  children's  asy- 
lums, asd  demands  the  same  treatment  as  hospi- 
tal gangrene  —  the  employment  of  caustics,  and 
internal  and  external  antiseptics. 

CANCER  AQUATfQUE,  Cancer  aquaticus, 
Stomncace — c.  Areolaire,  Colloid — e.  Astacus,  see 
Canerornm  cheliB — ^c.  Black,  Cancer  melanotic— 
c.  of  the  Breast,  Mastocareinoma — c.  Camina- 
riorum,  Cancer,  chimney-sweepers'  —  c.  Cellular, 
Eneephaloid — c.  Cerehriforme,  see  Encephaloid. 

Cancer,  Chimney-sweepeus',  Sootwnrt.  Can- 
cer mundito'rum  seu  purgato'ris  infitmic'nli  seu 
eamm'irio'ntm.  Cancer  seu  carcino'ma  scroti,  Os- 
cheocarcino'ma^  Oachocarcino'ma,  (F.)  Cancer 
des  Ramoneiirs.  This  affection  begins  with  a 
superficial,  painful,  irregular  ulcer,  with  hard  and 
elevated  edges,  occupying  the  lower  part  of  the 


scrotum.     Extirpa-tion  of  the  diseased  part  is  the 
only  means  of  effecting  a  cure. 
CANCER  COLLOlDE,  Colloid. 
Cancer,  Davidson's  Remedy  for,  see  Conium 
maculatura. 

CANCER  DUE,  Scirrhus. 
CANCER  EBURNE.     A  kind  of  waxy  dege- 
neration of  the  breast,  so  called  by  M.  Alibert,  hut 
which  appear-i  to  be  in  no  way  allied  to  cancer. 

CANCER  ENCEPHALO'tDE,  Scirrhus-c. 
Epithelial,  see  Epithelial — c.  Fibreux,  Scirrhus— 
c.  Fibrous,  Scirrhous — c  dn  Fo-ie,  Hepatosarcomie. 
Cancer  Gat^e'ni,  (F.)  Cancer  de  Galien.  .\. 
bandage  for  the  head,  to  which  Galen  gave  the 
name  cancer,  from  its  eight  heads  resembling, 
rudely,  the  claws  of  the  crab.  It  is  now  sup- 
plied by  the  bandage  with  six  chefs  or  head;-, 
which  is  called  the  Blindage  of  Galen  or  B.  oj 
the  Poor. 

CANCER  DE  GALIEN,  Cancer  Galeni  — c. 
Gelatiniform,  Colloid — c.  Gelatinous,  Colloid— c. 
Gommenx,  Colloid — c.  Hard,  Scirrhus — c.  Intes- 
tinoruni,  Enteropathia  cancerosa — c.  des  InteHtim, 
Enteropathia  cancerosa — c.  of  the  Lung,  Phthisi.i, 
cancerous  —  c.  Lupus,  Lupus  —  c.  Mastoid,  see 
Mastoid  cancer — c.  Medullaris,  Encephaloid— c. 
Melteneus,  Cancer,  melanotic — c.  3felane,  Cancer, 
melanotic — c.  Mel-anodes,  Cancer,  melanotic. 

Cancer,  Melanot'ic,  Cancer  me/ano'des,  Cnr- 
eino'nia  melano'des  seu  mclanot'icnm  seu  mela- 
iiens.  Fungus  melano'des,  Mel'ano-carcino'wt, 
Black  or  Mel' an  aid  Cancer,  (F.)  Cancer  MelaM. 
A  combination  of  cancer  and  melanosis. 
Cancer,  Miltlike,  see  Miltlike. 


CANCEREUX 


163 


CANITIES 


Can'cer  Mollis,  see  Encephaloid  —  c.  Mou, 
Enct'phaloid — c.  Munditoruin,  Cancer,  chimney- 
sweepers'— c.  Nephroid,  see  Nephroid — c.  Occul- 
tus,  see  Cancer  —  c.  Oculi,  Scirrhophthalinus  —  c. 
Oris,  Stoinacace  —  c.  Ossis,  Spiira  ventosa  —  c. 
Piiaryngis  et  oesophagi,  Laeinoscirrhus  —  c.  Pul- 
IdcS,  Colloid  —  c.  Purgatoris  infuiniculi,  Cancer, 
chimney-sweepers'  —  c.  des  JidnKiueiun,  Cancer, 
chimney-sweepers'  —  c.  Scirrhosus,  Scirrhus  —  c. 
Scroti,  Cancer,  chimney-sweepers' — c.  Soft,  UiB- 
matodes  fungus  —  c.  Solanoid,  see  Solanoid  —  c. 
S'i>iirrheiix,  Scirrhus  —  c.  of  the  Stomach,  Gas- 
irostenosis  cardiaca  et  pylorica — c.  Uteri,  Metro- 
carcinoma. 

CAXCEREUX,  Cancerous. 
CANCER  ROOT,  Orobanehe  Virginiana,  Phy- 
tolacca decandra — c.  Weed,  Uoodyera  pubescens, 
Salvia  lyrata. 

CANCEROMA,  Carcinoma. 

CAN'CEROUS,  Cancro'sus,  Carcino'sna,  (F.) 
Cmicireiix.  Relating  to  cancer ;  as  Cancerous 
ulcer,  CouceroiiH  (/iathevis, 

CANCIIALAGUA,  Chironia  Chilensis. 

CANCRENA,  Gangrene. 

CANCRODES,  Cancroid. 

CAN'CROID,  K(i)ikroid,  Cancro'des,  Cancro'i'- 
des,  Uarciiio'des,  C<irctiioiden,  Cuiirroideus,  from 
cancer  and  £(i5of,  '  form.'  That  which  assumes  a 
cancerous  appearance.  Cancroid  is  a  name  given 
to  certain  cutaneous  cancers  by  Alibert:  called 
also  Gheloid  or  Keloid,  Chel'oh'n,  Cau'crois,  Ke- 
loi'ilen,  (j(^c\vi,  'a  tortoise,' and  ciSo;,  'likeness;' 
or  from  itr/Ais,  'a  spot  or  stain,'  and  ciioi,  'lilie- 
ness;')  Kelin,  from  their  presenting  a  flattish 
raised  patch  of  integument,  resembling  the  shell 
of  a  tortoise. 

Canckoid  of  the  Skin,  see  Epithelial. 

CANCROrS,  see  Cancroid. 

CANCROMA,  Carcinoma. 

CANCRO'RUM  CllEL^,  Oc'uli  sen  Lap' ides 
seu  Lapil'li  Caiicru'ruin,  Concremen'ta  As'taci 
Jluvial'  ilifi,  Crab's  stones  or  eyes,  (F.)  Yeux 
d'^crevisse,  Pierre  d'Ecrevisse.  Concretions  found, 
particularly,  in  the  Cancer  As'tacits  or  Cray-fish. 
They  consist  of  carbonate  -iind  phosphate  of  lime, 
and  possess  antacid  virtues,  but  not  more  than 
chalk. 

CANCROSUS,  Cancerous,  Chancrense. 

CANCRUM  ORIS,  Cancer  Aquaticus,  Sto- 
macace. 

CANDELA,  Bongie  —  c.  Fumalis,  Pastil  — c. 
Medicata,  Tinnrjic — c.  Regia,  Verbaseum  nigrum. 

CANDELARIA,  Verbasenm  nigrum. 

CANDI,  Candnm,  Canthiim,  Can'tion,  Candi/, 
from  candidus — 'white,  bleached,  purified.'  Pu- 
rified and  crystallized  sugar.     See  Saceharum. 

CANDIDUM  OVI,  Albumen  ovi. 

CANDLE,  Pupil. 

Candi.k,  Mkiu'u'rial.  A  candle  made  of  wax 
and  rermilion  for  mercurial  fumigation. 

Candlk  Thee,  Parmentiera  cerifera. 

CANDY,  Candi. 

CANDYTUFT,  BITTER,  Iberis  amara.. 

CANE,  SUGAR,  see  Saceharum  — c.  Sweet, 
Acorus  calamus. 

CAXEFfCfER,  Cassia  fistula. 

CAXELA,  Nectandra  cinnamomoides. 

CAXELE,  Grooved. 

CANELLA,  see  Canella  alba. 

Caxel'la  Alba,  diminutive  of  cawiin,  'a  reed.' 
A  West  India  tree.  Fam.  Magnoliacea; :  Sex. 
Sysl.  Dodecandria  Mmiogynia,  It  is  so  called 
because  its  bark  is  rolled  up  like  a  reed.  C'ntex 
Wintrra'nns  spn'rins,  Canella  Cnha'na  seu  irt'ii- 
tera'nia,  Cinnamo'nmm  allmni.  Cortex  Autiscor- 
hu'ticHS  seu  Aromnl'ieiis,  Castas  conico'sns,  Ca- 
mtii'yn,  Canella  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Canella  Bark,  (F.) 
Candle    ou   Vanelle    blanche,    Fausse   Ecorce   de 


Winter,  Ecorce  Cariocostine  ;  Ord.  Guttiferae,  is 
a  pungent  aromatic.  Its  virtues  are  partly  ex- 
tracted by  water;  entirely  by  alcohol.  It  is  a 
stimulant,  and  is  added  to  bitters  and  cathartics. 
CANfcLLA  Cauyopiiyi.lata,  Myrtus  caryophyl- 
lata — c.  Cubana,  C.  alba,  Lauras  cassia — c.  Mala- 
barica  et  Javensis,  Laurus  cassia. 

CANELLIFERA  M ALAB ARIC a,  Laurus 
cassia. 

CANEPIN,  (F.)  A  fine  lamb's  skin  or  goat's 
skin,  used  for  trying  the  quality  of  lancets. 

CANICACEOUS,  Furfuraceous. 

CAN'ICiE.  Meal,  in  which  there  is  much 
bran.  Also,  coarse  bread;  or  bread  in  which 
there  is  much  bran — Panis  Canica'ceus. 

CANICIDA,  Aconitum. 

CANIC'ULA;  the  Dogstar,  from  canis,  'a  dog;* 
Tlctfitoi,  Sirius,  (F.)  Canicule.  This  star,  which 
gives  its  name  to  the  Doydai/s,  Vies  canicida'res, 
because  they  commence  when  the  sun  rises  with 
it,  was  formerly  believed  to  exert  a  powerful  in- 
fluence on  the  animal  economy.  The  Dogdays 
occur  at  a  period  of  the  year  when  there  is  gene- 
rally great  and  oppressive  heat,  and  therefore — 
it  has  been  conceived — a  greater  liability  to  dis- 
ease. 

CANTF,  Knife. 

CAN IX,  Canine. 

CANINAN^E  RADIX,  Cainca?  radix. 

CANINE,  Cani'nns,  Ci/n' ici(s,  i'rvm  canis,  'a 
dog,'  (F.)  Canin.  That  wliich  has  a  resemblance 
to  the  structure,  Ac,  of  a  dog. 

Canine  Fossa,  Fossa  Cani'nn,  Tnfra-orbitar  or 
Snhorhitar  fossa,  (F.)  Fosse  Canine.  A  small 
depression  on  the  superior  maxillary  bone,  above 
the  dens  caninns.  which  gives  attachment  to  thft 
caninus  or  levator  ani/nti  oris  muscle. 

Canine  LaL'GH,  Sardon'ic  laugh,  llisns  Cani'- 
niis  seu  Sardon'icus  seu  Sardo'nins  seu  Sardaniot 
seu  de  Sardo'nia  seu  involunta'rius  seu  sjnis'ticus, 
Turtu'ra  seu  DIstor'sio  Oris,  Gelas'mns,  Sardi'~ 
asis,  Sardoni'asis,  Trismus  Sardon'icus  seu  ci/n'- 
icHS,  Spasmus  musculorwn  facie i  seu  ci/n'icus,  Pro- 
sopnspas'mus,  (F.)  His  canin,  li.  S<irdonique^  R, 
Sardouien,  R.  ino<iuenr.  A  sort  of  laugh,  the  facial 
expression  of  which  is  produced  particularly  by 
the  spasmodic  contraction  of  the  Caninus  muscle. 
Probably,  this  expression,  as  well  as  Cynic  Spasm, 
Spasmus  cani'nus  seu  cyn'icus,  Convul'sio  cani'ua. 
Trismus  eyn'icus,  may  have  originated  in  the  re- 
semblance of  the  affection  to  certain  movements 
in  the  upper  lip  of  the  dog.  The  Risus  Sardon'- 
icus is  said  to  have  been  so  called  from  similar 
symptoms  having  been  induced  by  a  kind  of 
Ranunculus  —  R.  scelera'tus — that  grows  in  Sar- 
dinia. 

Canine  Teeth,  Denies  Cani'ni  seu  Lania'rii 
seu  angula'res  seu  cuspida'ti  seix  columella' res  seu. 
oeula'res  seu  morden'tes,  Cyuodon'tes,  Eye  Teeth, 
Pug  Teeth,  (F.)  Dents  cauinrs  ou  laniaires  ou  an- 
gidaires  ouoculaires  ou  <rilleres  ou  cono'ides.  The 
teeth  between  the  lateral  incisors  and  small  mo- 
lares  of  each  jaw  ;  —  so  named  because  they  re- 
semble the  teeth  of  the  dog. 

CANINUS,  Levator  anguli  oris  —  e.  Sentis, 
Rosa  canina — c.  Spasmus,  see  Canine  Laugh. 

CANIRAM,  Strvchnos  nux  vomica. 

CANIRAMINl'M,  Brueine. 

CANIRUBUS.  Rosa  oaiiina. 

CANIS  INTKHFECTOR,  Veratrum  sabadilla 
— c.  Poiiticus,  Castor  fiber. 

CAN1T"IES.  from  canus,  'white.'  Rlnnching, 
Whiteness  or  grayness  of  the  hair,  and  especially 
of  that  of  the  head — Trichon'osis  polio'sis.  (F.) 
Canitie.  When  occurring  in  conscq'.ience  of  old 
age,  it  is  not  a  disease.  Sometimes  it  happens 
suddenly,  and  apparently  in  consequence  of  severe 
mental  emotion.  The  causes,  however,  are  not 
clear.     See  Poliosis. 


CANKER 


164 


CAPBERN 


CAXKER,  Stomacace  —  c.  of  the  Mouth,  Can- 
cer aqu.itieiis. 

CAXKKR  RASH,  see  Cynanche  maligna, 

CANKER,  WATER,  Cancer  aquaticus. 

C  A  N  N  A,  see  Tunn-les-Mois,  Cassia  fistula, 
Trachea — e.  Brachii,  Ulna — c.  Domestica  cruris. 
Tibia — e.  Edulis,  '''ous-les-Mois — c.  Fistula,  Cas- 
sia fistula  —  c.  i.idica,  Sagittarium  alexipharuia- 
cum — ('.  JIajor,  Tibia — c.  Minor,  Fibula,  Radius 
— c.  Soluiiva,  Cassia  fistula — c.  Starch,  Tous-les- 
Mois. 

CANNABIN,  Bangue. 

CANNAB'INA,  from  Kavvafiig,  'hemp.'  Reme- 
dies composed  of  Cannabis  Indiea. — Pereira. 

Caxn'abina  AguATicA,  Eupatorium  canna- 
biniim. 

CANNABIS  INDICA,  Bangue.  See,  also, 
Churrus. 

Can'xabis  Sati'va,  (F.)  Cham^re,  Ghamhrie. 
The  seed  of  this — Hempxeed,  Sf.m'iiia  Cnn'nubin, 
(F.)  Clietievis  —  is  oily  and  mucilaginous.  The 
decoctiiin  is  sometimes  used  in  gonorrhoea. 

CANNACORUS  RADICE  CROCEA,  Curcuma 
longa. 

CANyA3fELLE,  see  Saccharum. 

CAKXE  AROMATIQUE,  Acorus  calamus  — 
c.  C<>v(jo,  Costus  —  c.  de  Uioiere,  Costus  —  c.  & 
Sucre,  see  Sacoharum. 

CANXEBERGE,  Vaccinium  oxycoccos  —  c. 
Ponctiif'e,  Vaccinium  vitis  idiea. 

CANNEL,  Laurus  cinnamomum. 

CANNKL-BONE,  Clavicle. 

CANNEL-WATER,  Aqua  cinnamomi. 

CANXELE  ou  CAXELE  (F.),  from  cannlis, 
'a  canal.'  Sn/ca'tiis,  Stria' tits,  Canaliculii'tns. 
Having  SI  canal  or  groove  —  as  J/»»c/e  cannele 
(Lieutaud),  the  Gemini;  Corps  cinnicles  ou  stries, 
the  Corpora  striata;  Sonde  cannelee,  a  grooved 
sound,  kc.     See  Crooved. 

CANNELL  BAYNE,  Clavicle. 

C  A  X  X  E  Ij  L  E,  Laurus  cinnamomum  —  c. 
Blnnche,  Canella  alba  —  c.  de  la  Chine,  Laurus 
cassia  —  c.  de  Corornaiidel,  Laurus  cassia — -  c. 
Fausse,  Laurus  cassia — e.  Giro/lee,  Myrtus  cary- 
ophyllata  —  c.  des  Indes,  Laurus  cassia  —  c.  de 
Jr(i-ii,  Laurns  cassia — c.  de  31<ilabar,  Laurus  cas- 
sia— c.  Matte,  Laurus  cassia — c.  Officinale,  Lau- 
rus cinnamomum  —  c.  J'oivree,  see  Wiutera  aro- 
matica. 

CANNULA.  Canula. 

CANNULiE  PULMONUM,  Bronchia. 

CANOPUM,  see  Sambucus. 

CANOR  STETHOSCOPICUS,  Tintement  me- 
talliqne. 

CANQUOIN'S  CAUSTIC  PASTE,  Pasta zinci 
chloridi. 

CANTABRICA,  Convolvulus  Cantabrica. 

CANTABRUNO.  Furfur. 

CANTARELLUS,  Meloe  proscarabaeus, 

CANTATIO,  Charm. 

CANTEL,  Vertex. 

CANTERBURY,  WATERS  OF,  Aqnm  Can- 
tuarie7i'ees.  The  veaters  of  Canterbury,  in  Kent, 
England,  are  impregnated  with  iron,  sulphur, 
and  carbonic  acid. 

CANTERIUM,  Cantherius. 

CAXTIIARJDE  T  ACHE  tee,  Lytta  vittata. 

CANTHARIDINE,   gee  Cantharis. 

CAN'TIIARIS,  from  Kav^apa^,  'a  scarahcens' 
0.  vesicfito'ri<(,  3Iusca  Hispaiiicn,  Mel'oe  vesica- 
to'rins.  Lijtla  vesicato'ria,  tHii'terinf/  Fli/,  niister- 
Jiy,  Blix'terbeetle,  Spanish  Fly,  Fly,  (F.)  Cantlia- 
rides,  Mouches,  M.  d'Espagne.  This  fly — Order, 
Coleopterte  —  originally,  perhaps,  a  native  of 
Italy  and  Spain,  is  now  found  in  France,  Ger- 
many, Hungary,  Russia,  Siberi.a,  and  England. 
It  is,  however,  rare  in  the  last-named  country. 
It  is  found  in  species  of  OleaoeaB  —  as  the  ash, 
privet,  and  lilac  j  and  of  Caprifoliaceae  —  as  the 


elder  and  loniccra.  It  is  much  employed  in  me- 
dicine,  and  is  the  most  common  vesicatory. 
Given  internally,  and  even  when  absorbed  from 
the  skin,  it  atttK-ts  the  urinary  organs,  e.xciiing 
strangury.  Tbis  may  bo  prevented,  in  ca.scs  t>( 
blisters,  by  interposing  between  tlio  blistcriii» 
plaster  and  skin  a  piece  of  tissue-paper.  Dilu- 
ents relieve  the  strangury.  Dose,  half  a  gniiii 
to  one  grain.  If  kept  dry,  the  flies  will  retain 
their  activity  for  many  years.  Their  active  prin- 
ciple —  Can'tharidin,  Cuntharidi'iia  —  has  been 
separated  from  them. 

Cantharis  vrslcittoria  is  the  ordinary  blisterin" 
insect  used  in  Europe. 

Cantharis  seu  Lytta  vittn'ta,  (which  see,)  and 
C.  ntra'ta,  C.  maryina'ta,  and  C.  finc'rea,  of 
America;  0.  ntoma'ria,  of  Brazil;  C.  ru'fivenn, 
of  Sumatra  and  Java;  C.  gigas,  Lytta  caru'ka, 
of  Guinea  and  the  East  Indies;  C.  viuln'ew, 
Lytta  gigas  mas,  of  the  East  Indies;  C.Syr'iuca, 
Lytta  seg'etnii),  of  Arabia;  Myla'bris,  31,  pviic- 
td'ta,  31.  pnstiila'ta,  and  3L  cicho'rii,  of  Cbinn 
and  the  East  Indies  ;  3feloe  proscarabce'itu,  aii'l 
3f.  majii'lis  or  True  3Iayworni  —  possess  siaiilur 
properties. 

CANTIIE'RIUS,  Cantc'rium.  The  cross-pieoe 
of  wood  in  the  apparatus  used  by  Hippocrates  for 
reducing  luxations  of  the  humerus. 

CANTHI'TIS.  Inflammation  of  the  canlbus 
of  the  eye. 

CANTIIIUM  CORONATUM,  Randia  dumc- 
torum. 

CA'STllOI'LAS'TJCE,Oan'thoplasty,(F.)Caii. 
thoplastie,  from  Kav^og,  •  the  angle  of  the  eye,' iunl 
TtXaoTiKoi,  'formative.'  The  formation,  by  plastic 
operation,  of  the  angle  of  the  eye.  An  operation 
proposed  by  Ammon,  when  the  eyelids  are  not 
sufficiently  cleft. 

CANTHUM,  Candi. 

CANTHUS,  Epicaii'this,  An'gulus  ocxdn'rin, 
Fons  lacryma'riim.  The  corner  or  angle  of  the 
eye.  The  greater  canthus  is  the  inner  ainjle, 
Jlircvs,  Hir'quns,  Rhanter ;  the  lesser  caiilhm, 
the  outer  angle, 'Parop'in,  Pegn. 

CANTIA'NUS  PULVIS, 'Kent  Powder.'  A 
cordial  powder,  known  under  the  name  'C'tiKiiteea 
of  Kent's  Poicder,'  composed  of  coral,  amber, 
crabs'  eyes,  prepared  pearls,  <fec.  It  was  given 
in  cancer. 

CANTION,  Candi. 

CAN'ULA,  Can'nula,  Au'liscns,  Aitlos.  Di- 
minutive of  CanH(t,  'a  reed;'  Tu'bnlus,  (F.)  C'u- 
n\de  ou  Cannule.  A  small  tube  of  gold,  silver, 
platinum,  iron,  lead,  wood,  elastic  gum,  or  gutta 
percha,  used  for  various  purposes  in  surgery. 

CA'OUTCHOUC.  The  Indian  name  fur  /»- 
dian  Rubber,  Elas'tic  Gum,  Gum  Elastic,  Guiiimi 
elas'ticuvi,  Cauchvc,  Resi'na  elas'tica  seu  Cuyeii- 
nen'sis,  Cayenne  Pesin,  Cautchue,  (F.)  GumiiK 
elastique,  Pestne  ilastique  ou  de  Cayenne.  A 
substance  formed  from  the  milky  juice  of //(b'i'c'' 
seu  Hevea  Guianen'sis,  Jat'rojiha  elas'tica,  Si- 
piho'nia  Cahuchu,  S.  elas'tica,  Seringue  7Vef,  anil 
of  Fious  Indiea,  and  Artocar'pua  inlegrifo'liu: — 
South  American  trees.  It  is  insoluble  in  water 
and  alcohol ;  but  boiling  water  softens  and  swells 
it.  It  is  soluble  in  the  essential  oils  and  in  ether, 
when  it  may  be  blown  into  bladders.  It  is  used 
in  the  fabrication  of  catheters,  bougies,  pessaries, 
&c. 

CAP,  PITCH,  see  Depilatory. 

CAPACITY,  LUNG,  see  Vital  Capacity -c. 
Pulmonic,  see  Vital  Capacity. 

C.'VPA-ISIAKKA,  Bromelia  ananas. 

CAPBERN,  WATERS  QV.  Cai.hern  is  in 
the  department  Hautes-Pyr6n6es,  France.  The 
waters  contain  sulphates  ami  carbonates  of  lime 
and  magnesia,  and  chloride  of  magnesium.  Tem- 
perature, 7J°  Fahrenheit.     They  are  purgative. 


CATELET 


105 


CArSICUM 


CAPELET,  Myrtus  carophyllata. 
CAPELI'NA,  CopeUi'un,  (F.)  QipcUne.  A 
Woiiian'H  lliil,  in  French  ;  Ctijiin'trum,  from  caput, 
'  heii'l.'  A  sort  of  handaj^e,  which,  in  shajie,  re- 
sembles a  riding-hood.  Tlicre  are  .several  kinds 
of  Udj/c/iiiKu  : — 1.  That  of  the  hea<l,  O.  tie  la  tete, 
Fuf'cia  ciipltu'lin.  See  Jioiiiiet  d'lllppocrate.  C. 
of  the  clavicle.,  employed  in  fractures  of  the  acro- 
mion, clavicle,  and  spine  of  the  scapula.  C.  of  an 
aiiipiiiitled  limb — the  bandage  applied  round  the 
stump. 

CAPKLLINA,  Capelina. 
CAl'Kll  BUSH,  Capparis  spinosa. 
CAI'Hll  PLANT,  Euphorbia  lathyria. 
CAPERS,  see  Capparis  spinosa. 
CAPEI'US,  Im perforation. 
CAPMORA,  Camphor. 
CAPIIURA,  Camphor. 

CAPILLAIRE,  Capillary,  see  Adiantum 
cnpillus  veneris  —  e.  dii  Caimda,  Adiantum  pe- 
datuin  —  c.  de  JHontpellier,  Adiantum  capillus 
veneris. 

CAPILLAMEN'TUM,  from  capillus,  'a  hair,' 
C(ipiUit"iuni,  Trichii'ma,  Trichuma'tiun.  Any 
villous  or  hairy  covering.  Also,  a  small  fibre  or 
fibril. 

CAP'ILLARY,  Capilln'ria,  Capilla'ceun,  from 
capilliin,  'a  hair.'  {¥.)  Capillaire.  Hair-like; 
small. 

Cac'illauy  Vessels,  Vaaa  capilln'ria,  Mi- 
crtiiKjI'a,  Tricliaiit/i'a,  (F.)  Vaisscaux  eapi/laircs, 
CafiiHicuIcK,  are  the  extreme  radicles  of  the  ar- 
teries and  veins,  which  together  constitute  the 
cupidaiy,  intermediate,  or  j)eripheral  vascular 
stjHtem  —  the  mclhai'mata  or  nielliceinatoiia  blood- 
channels  of  Dr.  Marshall  Hall.  They  possess  an 
action  distinct  from  that  of  the  heart,  but  not  one 
of  rhythmic  contraction  and  dilatation.  Formerly, 
it  was  conceived  that  white  vessels — Vasa  scro'sa 

—  or  vessels  so  minute  as  not  to  admit  red  cor- 
]iuscles,  were  distributed  to  the  tissues  which  do 
not  receive  red  blood. 

CAPILLATIO,  Trichismus. 

CAPILLATUS,  Tmpuber. 

CAl'lLLWULES,  Capillary  vesse.s. 

CAPILLITIUM,  Capillamentum,  EDtropion, 
Scalp. 

CAPILLORUM  DEFLITVIUM,  Alopecia. 

CAPIL'LUS,  quasi  Capitix  PiUis,  Coma,  Ch(pte, 
Criiiiti,  PiluH,  Thri.r,  Vmsa' ries,  (F.)  Chevcu. 
This  term  is  generally  apfilied  to  the  hair  of  the 
head,  /'///'  seu  Ilnuor  cap'itis,  the  characters  of 
which  vary  according  to  races,  individuals,  &c. 
Hairs  arise  in  the  areolar  membrane,  where  the 
bulb  is  placed,  and  are  composed  of  two  parts- — 
tiiie,  external,  transparent,  and  of  an  epidermoid 
cluiracter;  the  other,  internal  and  stii  fjeneris, 
which,  in  the  opinion  of  some,  communicates  to 
tliein  their  colour.  The  hair  is  insensible,  and 
grows  from  the  root. 

Capii.i.us  Vexeius,  Adiantum  capillus  veneris 
— c.  V.  Canadensis,  Adiantum  pedatum. 

CAPIPLE'NIUM,  Capitiple'tiinm,  from  caput, 
'  the  head,'  nni\  plenum,  'full.'  A  word  employed 
with  different  significations.  A  variety  of  catarrh. 

—  Schneider.  A  heaviness  or  disorder  in  the 
bead  c(unmon  at  Rome,  like  the  (caf>i;/3ii/<iu,  Care- 
biiria,  of  the  Greeks. — Baglivi. 

CAPISTRATIO,  Phimosis. 

CAPISTRUM,  Capeline,  Chevestre,  Trismus— 
e.  Auri,  IJora.x. 

Caims'tuum,  Phimos,  Cemos,  kvho^,  'a  halter.' 
This  name  has  been  given  to  several  bandages 
for  the  head.     See  Capeline,  Chevestre. 

CAPITALTA  REMEUIA,  Cephalic  remedies. 

CAPITALIS,  Cephalic. 

CAPITELEUM,  Alembic,  see  Caput. 

CAPITEUX,  Heady. 


CAPITILU'VIUM.from  eaput,<th<i  head,'  and 
lavare,  '  to  wash.'     A  bath  for  the  head. 

CAPITIPLENIUM,  Capiplenium. 

CAPITIPUROIA,  Caput  purgia. 

CAPITIT'RAHA,  from  caput,  'the  head,' and 
trahcre,  'to  draw.'  Instruments  which,  like  the 
forceps,  draw  down  the  head  of  the  foetus  when 
impacted  in  the  pelvis. 

CAPITO'NES,  from  caput,' the  hcn.(].'  Macro- 
ceph'ali,  Proceph'ali.  Foetuses  whose  heads  are 
so  large  as  to  render  labour  difiicult.  The  con- 
dition is  called  Macrocejjha'lia. 

CAPITULUM,  Alembic,  Condyle,  see  Caput 
— c.  Costae,  see  Costa — c.  Laryngis,  Corniculum 
laryngis  —  c.  Martis,  Eryngium  campestre  —  c. 
Santorini,  Corniculum  laryngis. 

CAPITULUVIUM,  Bath  (head). 

CAPNISMOS,  Fumigation. 

CAPNITIS,  Tutia. 

CAPNOIDES  CAVA,  Fumaria  bulbosa. 

CAPNORCHIS,  Fumaria  bulbosa. 

CAPNOS,  Fumaria. 

CAPON,  Caqot. 

CAPON  SPRINGS.  A  pleasant  summer  re- 
treat, situated  in  a  gorge  of  the  North  Mountain, 
in  Hampshire  co.,  Va.,  2.3  miles  W.  of  Winchester. 
The  waters  in  the  vicinity  are  sulphurous  and 
chalybeate;  —  those  at  the  springs  alkaline  and 
diuretic. 

CAPOT,  Caqot. 

CAP'PARIS  SPINO'SA,  Cap'parU,  Capper, 
Ca'pria,  Prickl)/  Caper  Hush,  (F.)  Cdprier.  Ord. 
Capparideic.  Sejc.  Sijst.  Polyandria  Monogynia. 
The  bark  of  the  root  and  the  buds  have  been  es- 
teemed astringent  and  diuretic.  The  buds  are  a 
well-known  pickle — Capers,  (F.)  Cdpres.   • 

Cai'I'Aius  Baduc'ca,  liaduL-'ha.  A  species  of 
caper,  cultivated  in  India  on  account  of  the  beauty 
of  its  flowers.  The  Orientals  make  a  liniment  with 
its  juice,  with  which  they  rub  pained  parts.  The 
flowers  are  purgative. 

CAPPONE,  WATERS  OF.  At  Cappone,  in  the 
isle  of  Ischia,  are  waters  containing  carbonate  of 
soda,  chloride  of  sodium,  and  carbonate  of  lime. 
"Temp.  100°  Fahr. 

CAPREOLA'RIS,  from  capreolus,  'a  tendril.' 
CisstiVdes,  Elicin'des,  (F.)  Capreolaire.     Twisted. 

CAprtEOLA'uiA  Vasa.  Some  have  called  thus 
the  s[)ermatic  arteries  and  veins,  on  account  of 
their  numerous  contortions. 

CAPREOLUS,  Helix. 

CAPRES,  see  Capparis  spinosa. 

CAPRIA,  Capparis  spinosa. 

CAPRICORNUS,  Plumbum. 

CAP  PIER,  Capparis  spinosa. 

CAPRIFOLIA,  Lonicera  periclymenum. 

CAPRIFOLIUMDISTINCTUM.Lonicerape- 
riclymenum — c.  Periclymenum,  Lonicera  pericl^'- 
menum — c.Sempervivens,  Lonicera sempervivens, 
— c.  Svlvaticum,  Lonicera  periclj'meuum. 

CAPRILOQUIUM.  Egophony. 

CAPRIZANS  PULSUS,  see  Pulse,  caprizant. 

CAPSA,  Boite,  Capsule,  Case — c.  Cordis,  Peri- 
cardium. 

CAPSARIUM.  7?o;/;cr. 

CAPSELLA  BURSA  PASTORIS,  Thlaspi 
bursa. 

CAPSICUM,  see  Capsicum  nnnuum. 

Cap'sicum  An'nuiim,  C.  Hinpau'lcnm,  from 
/cajTTu,  'I  bite.'  The  systematic  name  of  the  plant 
whence,  in  part,  Cayenne  Pepper  is  obtained, — 
Piper  In'dicum  seu  llispau' Icum  seu  Brazilia'- 
num  seu  Guineen'se  seu  Calecu'ticum  seu  Tur'ci- 
cum  seu  Lusitan'icum,  Sola'num  urens,  Siliquas'- 
trum  Plin'ii,  Cayenne  or  Guinea  or  Chilli  Pepper, 
Garden  Ginger,  (F.)  Piment,  Poivre  d' Inde,  Poivra 
de  Guinee,  Corail  des  Jar-dins.  Orde',  Solaneae. 
The  pungent,  aromatic  properties  of  BacccB  Cap. 


CArSIQUE 


166 


CARANNA 


«?'c»*,  Cap'ffdim  Berries,  Capaicinn  (Ph.  U.  S.),  are 
yielded  to  ether,  alcohol,  and  water.  They  are 
highly  stimulant  and  rubefacient,  and  are  used  as 
a  condiment.  Their  active  principle  is  called 
Cdpniein. 

Capsici'm  Hispanicum,  Capsicum  annuum. 

CAPSIQUE,  Capsicum  annuum. 

CAPSITIS,  see  Phacitis. 

CAPSULA,  liintier  —  c.  Articularis,  Capsular 
ligament  —  c.  Cordis,  Pericardium  —  c.  Dentis, 
Dental  follicle  —  c.  Ilumoris  aquei,  see  Aqueous 
humour  of  the  eye — c.  Lentis,  see  Crystalline — c. 
Nervorum,  Neurilemma  —  c.  Sequestralis,  see 
Sequestrum. 

CAPSULE  SEMINALES,  Vesiculae  S.  — c. 
Synoviale.',  Bursas  mucosjB. 

CAPSULA  IRE,  Capsular. 

CAP'SULAR,  Cnpxida'ris,  (F.)  Capsulaire. 
Belating  to  a  eapsula  or  capsule. 

Capsulak  ARTEniES,  Stiprare'nal  Arteries  and 
Veins.  Vessels  belonging  to  the  suprarenal  cap- 
sules. They  are  divided  into  superior,  middle, 
and  inferior.  The  first  proceed  from  the  inferior 
phrenic,  the  second  from  the  aorta,  and  the  third 
from  the  renal  artery  The  corresponding  veins 
enter  the  phrenic,  vena  cava,  and  renal. 

Capsular  Catapact,  see  Cataract. 

Capsulau  Lig'ament,  Ligamen'tum  capsula're, 
Cop'siila  nrtifuhi' vis,  Artic'ular  or  Fibrous  cap- 
side,  (F.)  Li(/anient  erijisiilaire,  Capsule  articu- 
laire,  Cupstde  Jibreux,  kc.  Membranous,  fibrous, 
and  elastic  bags  or  capsules,  of  ,a  vfhitish  consist- 
ence, thick,  .and  resisting,  which  surround  joints. 

CAPSULE,  Cap'siila,  Capsn,  a  box,  or  case, 
(F.)  Capsule.  This  name  has  been  given,  by  ana- 
tomists, to  parts  bearing  no  analogy  to  each  other. 

Capsule,  BowJtAN's,  see  Kidney — c.  Cellular, 
of  the  Eye,  see  Eye — e.  Fibrous,  Cap.-sular  liga- 
ment. 

Capsule,    Gelat'inous,    Cap'snla    gelat'inm, 

(F.)  Capside  gflafincitse.  Capsule  of  gelatin.  A 
modern  invention  by  which  copaiba  and  other 
disagreeable  oils  can  be  enveloped  in  gelatin  so 
as  to  conceal  their  taste. 

Capsule  of  Glisson,  Cap'sula  Glisso'nii  seu 
commu'nis  Glisso'.nii,  Vagi'nn  Portce,  V.  Glis- 
so'nii.  a  sort  of  membrane,  described  by  Glis- 
son,  which  is  nothing  more  than  dense  areolar 
membrane  surrounding  the  vena  porta  and  its 
ramifications  in  the  liver. 

Capsule  of  the  Heart,  Pericardium— c.  Ocu- 
lar, see  Eye. 

Capsule,  Renal,  Suprare'nnl  or  Atrahil'- 
iary  C,  Renal  Gland,  Glan'dula  snprarena'lis, 
Cap'snla  rena'lis  seu  snprarena'lis  seu  atrahilia'- 
ris,  Iie?t  snccentnria'ins,  JVrphrii/'inm,  (F.)  Cap- 
sule surr^nale  ou  atrabiliairc.  A  flat  triangular 
body,  which  covers  the  upper  part  of  the  kidney, 
as  with  a  helmet.  A  hollow  cavity  in  the  interior 
contains  a  brown,  reddish  or  yellowish  fluid.  The 
renal  capsules  were  long  supposed  to  be  the  secre- 
tory organs  of  the  fancied  atrabilis.  They  are 
much  larger  in  the  foetus  than  in  the  adult. 
They  are  probably  concerned  in  lymphosis. 

A  sinjfular  condition  of  cachexia,  the  leading 
characteristics  of  which  are  anaemia,  general  lan- 
guor and  debility;  remarkable  feebleness  of  the 
heart's  action  ;  irritability  of  the  stomach,  and  a 
peculiar  bronzed  skin,  was  first  described  by  Dr. 
Thos.  Addison,  of  London,  as  connected  with  a 
diseased  condition  of  the  supra-renal  capsules. 
It  has  been  proposed  to  call  it  the  Disease  of  Ad- 
dison. (F.)  Mahulie  d' Addison. 

Capsule,  Sem'inal,  Cap'snla  semina'lis.  Bar- 
Tholine  thus  designates  the  extremity  of  the  vas 
deferens,  which  is  sensibly  dilated  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  vesiculpB  seminales.  Some  anatomists  ap- 
ply this  name  to  the  vesiculae  themselves. 

Capsule,  Svno'vial,  Capsula  Synovia'lis.    A 


membranous  bag,  surrounding  the  movable  art!- 
culations  and  canals,  which  gives  j)assage  to  ten- 
dons. Synovial  capsules  exhale,  from  their  arti- 
cular surface,  a  fluivl,  whose  function  is  to  favour 
the  motions  of  parts  upon  each  other.  See  Bursa 
mucos.a,  and  Synovia,     ^ 

CAPSULE  SURRENALE  ou  ATRADI. 
LIARE,  Capsule,  renal. 

CAPSULITIS,  see  Phacitis. 

CAP UC HON,  Trapezius. 

CAPUCINE,  Tropasolum  majus. 

CAPULIES,  Prunus  capulin. 

CAPULUS,  Scrotum. 

CAPUT,  '  the  head.'  Also,  the  top  of  a  bone 
or  other  part,  (F.)  Tete.^  The  head  of  smnll 
bones  is  sometimes  termed  capil'nlum,capilell'iim, 
cephalid'inm,  ceph'alis,  ce2)hal'ium.  Also,  iLe 
glans  penis. 

Caput  Asper^  ArterIjE,  Larynx  —  c.  Coli, 
Cajcum — c.  Gallrnaceum,  see  Gallinaginis  eiiput 
— c.  Gallinaginis,  see  Gallinaginis  ca])ut — c.  Go- 
nitale,  Glans — c.  Lubricum,  Penis — c.  Major,  see 
Epididymis  —  c.  Minor,  see  Epididymis  —  c.  Md- 
nachi,  Leontodon  Taraxacum — c.  Obstipum,  Tor- 
ticollis— c.  Penis,  Glans. 

Caput  Pur'gia,  Cajiitijnir'gia.  Remedies, 
which  the  ancients  regarded  as  proper  for  purg- 
ing the  head  : — errhines,  sternutatories,  apophliij. 
matisantia,  &c.  Prosper  Alpinus  makes  tlie  caput 
pnrgia  to  be  the  same  as  errhines  ;  and  the  tijjn. 
j)hlegniatisnii  the  same  as  the  masticatorios  of 
the  moderns. 

Caput  Scapulae,  Acromion. 

Caput  Succeda'neum.  A  term  sometimes  used 
for  the  tumefied  scalp,  which  first  presents  in 
certain  cases  of  labour. 

Caput  Testis,  Epididymis. 

CAQUE-SANGUE,  Cague-sangne.  OldFrench 
words  which  signify  Bloody  evacuations,  (F.)  De- 
jections sanguinolentes.  They  come  from  cocare, 
'  to  go  to  stool,'  and  sanguis,  '  blood.'  Under 
this  term  yras  comprehended  every  affection  in 
which  blood  is  discbarged  from  the  bowels. 

CARA  SCHULLI,  Frutex  In'dicvs  spino'sm, 
Barle'ria  buxifo'lia.  A  Malabar  plant,  which, 
when  applied  externally,  is  maturative  and  resol- 
vent. The  decoction  of  its  root  is  used,  in  the 
country,  in  ischuria. 

CARABAC'CIUM.  An  aromatic  wood  of  In- 
dia, of  a  yellowish  colour,  and  a  smell  like  that 
of  the  clove.  Its  decoction  and  infusion  are 
given  as  stomachics  and  antiscorbutics. 

CAR'ABUS.  A  genus  of  coleopterous  insects. 
Two  species,  the  cJirysoceph'alus  und  ferniyin'eva 
have  been  recommended  for  the  toothach.  They 
must  be  pressed  between  the  fingers,  and  then 
rubbed  on  the  gum  and  tooth  afi'ected. 

CARACTERE,  Character,  Symbol. 

CARAGNA,  Caranna. 

CARAMATA,  Arumari.  A  tree  in  the  inland 
part.s  of  Pomeroon.  It  furnishes  a  febrifuge  bark, 
which  Dr.  Hancock  says  may  be  used  in  typhoid 
and  remittent  fevers  where  cinchona  is  either 
useless  or  pernicious. 

CARAMBOLO,  Averrhoa  carambola. 

CARAMEL,  Sac'clinrum  percoc'tum  seu  ton- 
turn.  Sugar  subjected  to  the  action  of  heat,  until 
it  is  partly  decomposed,  deliquescent,  of  a  brown 
colour,  and  a  strong,  agreeable  and  empyreumatic 
odour. 

CARAN'NA,  Carngna,  Tacamaha'ca,  Carngm, 
Caran'na  Gummi,  G.  Brel'isis,  Gum  Carnn'un, 
(F.)  Caragne,  Gomme  Caragne  ou  Carane.  A 
gum-resinous  substance,  which  flows  from  a  large 
tree  in  New  Spain,  and  is  ol)tained  from  South 
America  in  impure  masses.  It  preserves  its  soft- 
ness for  a  long  time,  has  an  aromatic  smell,  and 
a  slightly  acid  and  bitter  taste.  It  was  formerly 
used  as  a  vulnerary  and  in  plasters. 


CARAWAY 


1C7 


CARCINOMA 


CARAWAY,  Carum. 
CARAWAY  SEE  OS,  see  Carum. 
CAKItASA,  Lintouin.  i 

CARBA8US,  Lintcutn.  \\ 

CARB<>,  ('nrhoii,  (F.)  Carhone.  An  elemen- 
tary I'o'lyi  extensively  distributed  in  nature;  but 
of  whieli  the  two  following  forms  are  officinal  in 
the  Pliartnacopceia  of  the  United  States.  Also, 
a  coal,  charcoal. 

Caubo  Lioni,  Charcoal  (F.)  Chnrhon.  Fresh 
Charcoal  is  antiseptic.  It  is  used  to  improve  the 
digestive  organs  in  cases  of  worms,  dyspepsia, 
Ac ;  as  a  cataplasm  to  gangrenous  and  fetid 
ulcers,  tinea,  Ac,  and  forms  a  good  tooth-powder. 
Dose,  gr.  X  to  fjj.     Also,  Anthrax. 

Cakdo  Anima'lis,  V.  cfimis,  Am'mnl  chnrconl, 
(F.)  ClKirhon  (inimiil,  usually  prepared  by  sub- 
jecting bones  to  a  red  heat  in  close  vessels.  The 
result  is  Bone  bluck,  commonly  called  Ivory  blnch. 
(F.)  Noir  animul  ou  d'os.  It  is  given  in  the 
same  eases  as  Varbo  Lifjui,  an<l  has  been  extolled 
in  cancer.     Dose,  gr.  ss  to  gr.  iij.  ] 

The  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States  con-  I 
tains  a  formula  for  the  preparation  of  Cakbo 
Anima'i.is  Purifica'tus,  I'lirified  animal  char- 
coal (Carbon,  animal,  tbj  ;  Acid  muriat.,  Aqucp,  j 
ail  f,^xij).  Pour  the  muriatic  acid,  previously 
mixed  with  the  water,  gradually  upon  the  char- 
coal, and  digest  with  a  gentle  heat  for  two  days, 
occasionally  stirring  the  mixture.  Having  al- 
lowed the  undissolved  portion  to  subside,  pour 
ofl'  the  supernatant  litjuor,  wash  the  charcoal  fre- 
quently with  water  until  it  is  entirely  free  from 
acid,  and  lastly  dry  it. 

Caubo  Fos'sins,  Lithnnthrax,  Stone  conl. 
Caubo  Huma'num.     The  human  excrement. — 
Paracelsus. 

Cahbo  Ligsi,   Carbo  —  c.  Mineralis,  Graphites 

—  e.  I'alpebrarum,  Authracosis  —  c.  Spongias, 
Spongia  usta. 

C.\RRON,  Carbo — c.  Sesqui-iodide  of,  Carbonis 
8es((ui-iodidum — c.  Bisulphuret  of,  Carbonis  sul- 
plniretum — c.  Sesquichloride  of,  Carbonis  trichlo- 
ridum — c.  Sulphide  of,  Carbonis  sulphuretum — c. 
Sulphuret  of,  Carbonis  sulphuretum— c.  Terchlo- 
ride  of,  Carbonis  trichloridum,  see  Chloroform. 

CAR'BONAS  or  CARBO'NAS.  A  carbonate. 
(F.)  Carbonate.  A  salt,  formed  by  the  combina- 
tion of  carbonic  acid  with  a  salifiable  base. 

Cahbonas  Natricum,  Sodae  carbonas — c.  Plum- 
bicus,  Plumbi  subcarbonas. 

CARBONATE  D'AMMONIAQUE,  Ammo- 
nia! carbonas. 

CAR'BONATED,  Carbona'tus,  Aera'tux,  (P.) 
Carhone,  Aeri.  That  which  is  impregnated  with 
carbonic  acid. 

CAUBONE,  Ciirbon  —  c.  Trichlorure  de,  Car- 
bonis trichloridum. 

CA  H  n 0 XK,  Carbonated. 

CAHBONEIJM  CJILORATUM,  Chloroform. 

CARBON'IC  ACID,  Ac"idum  Carbon' icum, 
Solid  Air  of  Ifales,  Factitioun  or  Fixed  Air, 
Carbona' ceouK  or  Calca'reoim  or  Aerial  or  ilephit'- 
ic  Acid,  Mephit'ie  Air,  Spir'itn»  letha'lin,  (F.) 
Avide  Carbonique.  This  gas,  which  neither  sup- 
ports respiration  nor  combustion,  is  not  often 
used  in  medicine.  It  is  the  main  agent  in  effer- 
vescent draughts,  fermenting  poultices,  Ac.  It 
is  often  found  occupying  the  lower  parts  of  mines 

—  when  it  is  called  the  choke  damp  —  caverns, 
tombs,  wells,  brewers'  vats,  Ac,  and  not  unfre- 
quently  has  been  the  cause  of  death.  Lime 
thrown  into  such  places  soon  absorbs  the  acid. 

CARBON'IS  SESQUICHLORIDUM, Carbonis 
trichloridum. 

CARBO'NIS  SESQUI-IOD'IDUM,  C.  Sesqni- 
lodiire'tum.  Sesqiii-J'odide  or  SeKqiii-Iod'itret  of 
Carbon.  This  is  made  by  mixing  concentrated 
alcoholic  solutions  of  iodine  and  potassa,  until 


the  former  loses  its  colour  ;  a  solution  is  obtained 
from  which  water  throws  down  a  yellow  precipi- 
tate—  the  sesqui-iodide  of  carbon.  It  has  been 
used  in  enlarged  glands  and  in  some  cutaneous 
affections,  apiilied  externally,  (,^S3  to  ^vj  of 
cerate).     See  Iodoform. 

Carbo'.N'IS  Sulphure'tum,  Sidph'tirin  Carbn- 
re'tvm,  Sulphure'tum,  seu  Sul'Jidum  Carbo' nii, 
Carbo'niiim  Snlphura'tum,  Al'cohol  Siil'phtiris, 
Bisntphnre'tum  Carbo'nii,  Sulphnret,  Sulphide  or 
JilHidphnret  of  Carbon,  Carburet  of  Sulphur,  (Y.) 
Su/fure  de  Carbon e,Carbure  de  Soufre,Soufre  Car- 
bnre,  Alcool  de  Sotifre.  This  transparent,  colour- 
less fluid,  which  has  a  very  penetrating,  disa- 
greeable odour,  and  a  taste  which  is  cooling  at 
first,  but  afterwards  acrid  and  somewhat  aroma- 
tic, is  a  diffusible  excitant.  It  is  diaphoretic, 
diuretic,  and  has  been  said  to  have  proved  em- 
menagogue.  It  is  also  used  in  nervous  diseases 
as  an  antispasmodic.  Dose,  one  drop  to  four, 
repeated  frequently. 

It  is  used  externally,  where  a  cooling  influence 
has  to  be  rapidlj'  exerted,  and  has  been  inhaled 
as  an  anaesthetic. 

Carbo'nis  Tiuchlo'ridum,  C.  Sesqni-chlo'ri- 
dum,  Terehloride  or  Sexquicldnride  of  Carbon, 
i  (F.)  Trirhlorure  ou  Sesquichlorurede  Carhone, is 
formed  by  the  action  of  Chlorine  on  Chlorohy- 
dric  ether,  under  the  influence  of  sun-light.  It  has 
been  given  in  cholera,  and  applied  to  correct  the 
fetor  of  foul  ulcers.  Dose,  four  grains  or  more. 
I  CARBONIUM  SULPIIURATUM,  Carbonis 
sulphuretum. 

CARBUNCLE,  Anthrax. 
I      Carbuncle,  Fungous,  Terminthus. 

Carbuncle  of  the  Tongue,  Glossanthrax — c. 
Berry,  Terminthus. 

CARBUNCLED  FACE,  Outta  rosea. 
CARBUNCIILAR  EXANTIIEM.  Anthracia. 
CARBUNCULATIO  OCULI,  Blepharanthra- 
cosis. 

CARBUNCULUS,  Anthrax  — c.  Anginosus, 
Cyn.anche  maligna — c.  Contagiosus,  see  Anthra.x 
—  c.  Gallicus,  see  Anthrax  —  c.  llungaricus.  see 
Anthrax — c.  Labiorum  et  genarum,  Cancer  aqua- 
ticus — c.  Polonieus,  see  Anthrax — c.  Pulmonum, 
Nccropneumonia — c.  Septentrionalis, see  Anthrax. 
Carbun'culus  Ri'Bi'nus.  a  red,  shining,  and 
transparent  stone,  from  the  Isle  of  Ceylon  ;  for- 
merly emploj'ed  in  medicine  as  a  preservative 
against  several  poisons,  the  plague,  Ac. 

Caubunculus  Ulcusculosus,  Cynanche  ma- 
ligna. 

CARBURE  DE  SOUFRE,  Carbonis  sulphu- 
retum. 

CAR'CAROS,  from  Kapxaipia,  '1  resound,'  '1 
tremble.'  A  fever,  in  which  the  patient  has  ii 
general  tremor,  accompanied  with  an  unceasing 
noise  in  the  ears. 

CARCINODES,  Cancroid,  Chancreuse. 
CARCINOIDES,  Cancroid. 

CARCINO'MA,  Karkino'nin,  Canccro'ma,  Can- 
cro'ma,  from  KapKivoi,  'a  crab.'  Some  author? 
have  thus  called  indolent  tumours  different  from 
cancer;  others,  incipient  cancer;  and  others, 
again,  the  species  of  cancer  in  which  the  affected 
structure  assumes  the  appearance  of  cerebral  sub- 
stance; but  the  majority  of  authors  use  Carcino- 
ma in  the  same  sense  as  Cancer. 

Carcinoma  Alveolare,  Colloid — c.  Epitheli- 
odes,  Epithelial  Cancer  —  c.  Fibrosum,  Scirrhns 
— e.  Ilaimatodes,  Haeraatodes  fungus — c.  Intesti- 
norum,  Enteropathia  cancerosa — c.  Lingua^,  Glos- 
socarcinoma — c.  of  the  Liver,  Hepatoscirrhus — c. 
Medullare,  Encephaloid  —  c.  Melanodes,  Cancer, 
melanotic — c.  Melanoticum,  Cancer,  melanotic — 
c.  Simplex,  Scirrhus  —  c.  Spongiosum,  Encejiha- 
loid,  Haematodes  fungus — c.  Scroti,  Cancer,  chim- 
ney-sweepers'— c.  Uteri,  Metrocarcinoma,  Metro- 


CARCINOMATOUS 


168 


CARDIECTASIS 


Fcirrhus — c.  Ventriculi,  Gastroscirrhus  ;  see  Gas- 
trustenofis  cardiaea  et  pylorica. 

CARCINOMATOUS,  Carciiwnmtu'sus,  (F.) 
Ciirciiioniiilei(.r.     Kelatinf;  to  Carcinoma. 

CAliCLMUlE  MOU  ET  SI'ONGIEUX,  En- 
cephaliiiil  —  c.  Samjlant,  Encepbaloid,  Useuia- 
todes  fundus. 

CAKCINOS.  Cancer. 

CARCINO'SES,  (G.)  Karcinosen,  from  icap- 
Kivos,  'a  crab.'  A  family  of  diseases,  according 
to  tbe  classification  of  Fuehs;  whicb  embraces 
tbe  different  forms  of  Cancer. 

CARCINOSUS,  Cancerous. 

CAKCINUS.  SPONGIOSUS,  Encepbaloid. 

CARDAMANTICA,  Cardamine  pratensis,  Le- 
jiidium  Iberis. 

CARDAMINDUM  MAJUS,  Tropaeolum 
lii.ijus. 

CARDAMINE  FONTANA,  Sisymbrium  nas- 
turtium— c.  Nasturtium,  Sisymbrium  nasturtium. 

Cakdami'ne  pRATEN'sts,  Cardami'iie,  Carda- 
vinu'tica,  A'oBtur'tium  Aquat'icum,  Cur'damon, 
Villi  /Ins,  Ibe'ris  nnph'ia,  Nastiir'tinm  prateii'ise, 
Lndiei-umttck,  Ciickiio-flnwer,  Common  Hitter 
Cress,  Meadow  Cress,  (P.)  Cresson  elegant  ou  des 
pres,  Panserage  sauvuje.  Ord.  Cruciferae.  The 
flowers  bave  been  considered  useful  as  antispas- 
iiiixlics,  in  tbe  dose  of  ^j-  to  3'J-  Tbey  are  pro- 
bably inert. 

CARDAMOM,  Cardamo'mutn  (F.)  Cardamome. 
The  name  of  the  fruit  of  various  species  of 
Ainomum  and  Eleltaria,  respecting  th^  botanical 
history  of  whicb  there  has  been  much  confusion. 

Cardamom,  Bkngal,  Amomuui  maximum— c. 
Cluster,  Amomum  cardamomum  —  o.  Greater, 
Amoinum  Grana  Paradisi  —  c.  Java,  Amomum 
maximum  —  e.  Lesser,  Amomum  cardamomum — 
c.  Nepal,  Amomum  maximum — c.  Round,  Amo- 
mum cardaiiiomum. 

CARDAMOME,  Amomum  cardamomum  —  c. 
de  III  Vote  de  Mnlnhar,  Amomum  cardamomum. 

CARDAMOMUM  MAJUS,  Amomum  grana 
paradisi  —  c.  Minus,  Amomum  cardamomum  —  c. 
I'ijjeratum,  Amomum  grana  paradisi — c.  Rotun- 
dum.  Amomum  cardamomum — c.  Wild,  Fagaras- 
trum  Capense. 

CARDA.MON,  Cardamine  pratensis. 

CARDAMUM  MAJUS,  Tropaolum  majus. 

CARDE RE,  Dipsacus  sylvestris — c.  Cidtive, 
Dipsacus  fullonum. 

CARDIA,  Kap6ia,  'the  heart.'  Stom'achus, 
OriJic"inm  sinis'trum  seu  Ingres'sns  supe'rior 
seu  Ostium  oesophnge' um  veiitric'uli.  The  supe- 
rior or  oesophageal  orifice  of  the  stomach.  Also, 
tbe  Heart. 

OAR'DIAC,  Cardl'aeiis,  from  Kapha,  'the 
l)eart;'  or  the  upper  orifice  of  the  stomach.  (P.) 
Curdiaqne.  Relating  to  tbe  heart,  Carditic, 
Car' dial,  (F.)  Curdinire,  Carditiqiie, —  or  to  the 
Upper  orifice  of  the  stomach.     A  cordial. 

Cardiac  Ar'teriks,  Cur'onnrij  arteries,  (F.) 
Arieres  ciirdinques  ou  coroiiaires,  are  two  in 
number.  Tbey  arise  from  tbe  aorta,  a  little  above 
the  free  edge  of  the  sigmoid  valves,  and  are  dis- 
tributed on  both  surfaces  of  tbe  heart. 

Car'diaO  Gas'gliov,  Gan'/jfion  cardi'actim, 
f-ituated  beneath  the  arch  of  the  aorta,  to  the 
light  side  of  the  ligament  of  the  ductus  arteriosus. 
It  receives  the  superior  cardiac  nerves  of  opposite 
sides  of  tbe  neck,  and  a  branch  from  the  pneu- 
iiiogastric,  and  gives  off  numerous  branches  to 
tbe  cardiac  plexuses. 

Cardiac  N kkvks,  {¥.)  Nerfs  cnrdiaqneii.  These 
nre  commonly  three  on  each  side;  a  superior, 
middle,  and  inferior,  which  are  furnished  by  cor- 
responding cervical  ganglia.  Commonly,  there 
are  but  two  on  the  left  side ;  the  upper  and  mid- 
dle, which  draw  their  origin  from  the  last  two 
cervical  ganglia.     Scarpa   calls   the  superior — 


Cardi'acus  superjicia'lis  ;  the  middle — C.  prnfmi'- 
dns  seu  inaijnus ;  and  the  inferior — C.  panni 
seu  minor.  There  are,  besides,  Ciirdiuc  Jil'dments, 
(F.)  Filets  carditiques,  furnished  by  the  par  va- 
gum  or  pneumo-gastric  nerve,  which  become 
confounded  with  the  above. 

Cardiac  Pluxu.s,  Plexus  cnrdi'aeus.  There 
are  three  cardiac  plexuses.  ].  The  great  eiirdiuc 
plexus  is  situated  ujion  the  bifurcation  of  tbe  tra- 
chea. It  is  formed  by  the  convergence  of 
the  middle  and  inferior  cardiac  nerves;  and  by 
branches  from  the  pneumogastric,  descendens 
noni.  and  first  thoracic  ganglion.  2.  Tbe  anterior 
cardiac  plexus  is  situated  in  front  of  the  ascend- 
ing aorta  near  its  origin.  It  is  formed  by  fila- 
ments from  tbe  superior  cardiac  nerves;  from 
the  cardiac  ganglion  ;  and  from  the  great  cardiac 
plexus.  Filaments  from  this  plexus  ac-conipany 
tbe  left  coronary  artery,  and  form  the  anterior 
coronary  plexus.  3.  Thii  jx'sterior  cardiac  plexus 
is  seated  upon  the  posterior  part  of  the  ascending 
aorta  near  its  origin.  It  is  formed  by  numerous 
branches  from  the  great  cardiac  plexus.  It 
divides  into  two  sets  of  branches,  which  together 
constitute  the  posterior  coronary  plexus. 

Cardiac  Veins,  Coronary  Veins,  (¥.)  Veiiiet 
Curdiaqnes,  are  commonly  four  in  number;  two 
anterior  and  two  posterior.  They  open  into  the 
right  auricle  by  one  orifice,  which  is  furnished 
with  a  valve,  iind  is  called,  by  Portal,  Sinus  corn- 
naire  du  Coeur. 

CARDIAC  A  CRISPA,  Leonurus  cardiaea  — 
c.  Passio,  Cardialgia  —  c.  Trilobata,  Leonurus 
cardiaea  —  c.  Vulgaris,  Leonurus  cardiaea. 

CARDIACUS,  Cordial,  Stomachal. 

CARDIAGMUS,  Cardialgia. 

CARDI'AGRA,  Affec'tio  arthrit'ica  cordis; 
from  Kiipiia,  'the  heart,'  and  uypa,  'seizure' 
Gout  of  tbe  heart,  Cardialgia. 

CARDIAG'RAPHY,  Cardiagra'phia,  from 
KapSta,  '  the  heart,'  and  ypaifiri,  'a  description.' 
An  anatomical  description  of  the  heart. 

CARDIAIRE,  sasi  Cardiac. 

CARDIAL,  see  Cardiac. 

CARDIAL'GIA,  Cardi'aca  Passio,  Cd'icix 
Vcntric'uli,  Spasmus  Ventric'uli,  Perodijii'ia, 
Cordo'lium,  Cardi/ce'a,  Dyspepsodyn'ia,  Dynpep- 
siodyn'ia,  Dyspeptodyn'ia,  Periitodyn'ia,  Cur- 
dlod'yne,  Gastrodyn'ia,  Gastral'i/ia,  Gasternl'gia, 
Gastrocol'in,  Gastrod'yiie,  Pas'sio  Cardi'ucu, 
Stomachal' gia,  Stomacal'gia,  Cardi'aeus  Morbus, 
Cardiog'muH,  Cardial' gy  ;  from  <fap(5ia,  '  the  car- 
diac orifice  of  the  stomach,'  and  uXyoj,  'pain.' 
Pain  of  the  stomach,  (F.)  Doulcur  de  I' Estomac, 
D.  nevralgiqiie  de  V Estomac.  Also,  Heartburn, 
(F.)  Cardialgie,  Ardeur  d' Estomac,  A.  du  Cicur, 
Impaired  appetite,  with  gnawing  or  burning  pain 
in  the  stomach  or  epigastrium, — Morsus  seu  urdnr 
ventric'uli,  Morsus  stom'achi,  Soda,  Limo'sis  cnr- 
dial'gia  mordens,  llosio  Stom'achi  SOU  Ventric'- 
uli : — a  symptom  of  dyspepsia. 

Cardialgia  Ixflammatoria,  Gastritis  —  c. 
Sputatoria,  Pyrosis. 

CARDIALOC'IA,  from  xapfna,  'the  heart,' 
and  \oyoi,  'a  discourse.'    A  treatise  on  the  heart. 

CARDIANASTROPIIE,  Ectopia  cordis. 

CARDIARCTIE,  Heart,  concentric  hypertro- 
phy of  tbe.  Contraction  of  tbe  cavities  of  the 
heart. 

CARDIA'RIUS;  same  etymology.  A  name 
given  to  a  worm,  said  to  have  been  found  in  the 
heart  or  pericardium. 

CARDIATO.M'IA,  from  /cnp^m,  'the  heart/ 
and  Tc/ivctv,  '  to  cut.'     Dissection  of  the  heart. 

CARDIATROPHIA,  Heart,  atrophy  of  the. 

CARDIAUXE,  Heart,  hypertrophy  of  the. 

CARDIECTASIS,  Dilatation  of  the  heart,  fee 
Aneurism  of  tbe  heart  —  o.  Partialis,  Aneurism 
of  the  heart. 


CARDIELCOSIS 


1  0  9 


CARIES 


CARDIELCOSIS;   from    KopSia,  'the   heart,' 
an<l  '{Aicos.  '  111)  ulcer.'     Ulceration  of  the  heart. 
CAHDrKTIIMOLIPOSIS,  Steatosis  cordis. 
CAKDIHriiYSMA,  Aneurism  of  the  heart. 
CARIXL.E  \,  Canlial-ia. 

CAHDIM'KLECII,  from  xapSia,  'the  heart,' 
and  ^7D.  Jfclih-,  (llehr.,)  'a  governor.'  A  sup- 
jjosititious  aetive  principle  seated  in  the  heart, 
and  •rovcrning  the  vital  functions. — Dolseus. 

CAKDIXAE  FLOWER,  Lobelia  cardinalis  — 
C.  f.  ISluc,  Lobelia  syphilitica. 

CAKDIXAL   PLANT.  Lobelia  cardinalis. 
CA KDl.V  AMENTUM,  Ginj,'lyinus,Gomphosis. 
CARDIOBOTANUM,  Ccntaurea  bencdicta. 

CARDIOCE'LE,  from  KupSia,  'the  heart,'  and 
(cl)^l^,  '  rupture.'  Hernia  of  the  heart,  especially 
into  the  abdotninal  cavity. 

CAIiDIOCLASlE,  Cardiorrhexis. 

CARDIOD'YNE,  Ctircliodi/n'ia ;  trom  KapSta, 
'the  hciirf,  the  stomach.'  and  oivvn,  'pain.'  Pain 
ill  the  heart.     Also,  Cardialgia. 

Caudioovne  Si'ASMODiCA  Intermittens,  An- 
gina pectoris. 

CARUIO(;'MUS.  Hippocrates  employed  this 
word  Kap6t(jjyfioi,  synonymously  with  cardialf^ia. 
Ill  the  tune  of  (Jalen  it  was  used,  by  some  writers, 
fir  certain  pulsations  of  the  heart,  analogous  to 
palpitations.  Sauvaj^'cs  understood  by  C<irdiog- 
IIIII1  an  aneurism  of  the  heart  or  great  vessels, 
when  still  obscure.     Also,  Angina  pectoris. 

CAUiiiofiMiTs  Counis  SiNisTRi,  Angina  pectoris. 

CAKDIO.MALA'CIA,  Malaco'xh  seu  Malacia 
filVi  MtihtJc'iH  sou  M<dlit"icH  Cordin,  (F.)  Jiamol- 
llnneineiit  dii  Cieiir,  from  Kaf/iia,  'the  heart,'  and 
/juXaicia, '  softness.'  Softening  of  the  heart,  caused 
by  inflammation  of  the  organ,  or  a  consequence 
of  some  lesion  of  the  function  of  nutrition. 

CARDIOM'KTRY,  Cnnh'oinet'nn,  from  KupSia, 
'heiirl,'  and  ixctjiov,  'measure.'  Measurement  of 
the  heart,  as  by  percussion  and  auscultation. 

CARDIOMYOLIPOSIS.  Steatosis  cordis. 

CARDIONCIir,  sec  Aneurism. 

CARDIONEURALGIA,  Angina  pectoris. 

CARUION'OSUS,  Moihnu  cordis,  from  KupSia, 
'  heart,'  and  voeroj,  '  disease.'  Disease  of  the  heart. 
Heart  disease. 

CARDIOPALMUS,  Cardiotromus. 

CARDIOPERTCARDITIS,  see  Pericarditis. 

CARDIORRHEU'MA,  Uhfumntin'mus  cordis; 
from  Kai'^ui,  'the  heart,  and  piv/ia,  '  defluxion, 
rheumatism.'     Rheumatism  of  the  heart. 

CARDIORRIIb;X'IS,  C«rdioc/asie,  (Piorry.) 
lliiptn' la  cordis,  (F.)  Jinptiire  du  Coevr,  from 
Kii/)f'in,  'the  heart,' and  pn^iS,  'laceration.'  Lace- 
ration of  the  heart. 

CAUDIOSCLEROSIR,  (Piorry),  from  Kapha, 
'the  heart,'  and  axXripof,  'hard.'  (F.)  Eiidurcisse- 
vieiil  dii  l\pin-.     Induration  of  the  heart. 

CARDIOSTENO'SIS,  Stcnocar'din,  irom  Kap- 
ha, 'the  heart,  and  arcvuiati,  'contraction.'  Con- 
traction of  the  openings  of  the  heart. 

CARDIOTRAU'MA,  from  Kapha,  'the  heart,' 
and  Tfjavjtn,  '  a  wound.'     A  wound  of  the  heart. 

CARDIOT'ROMUS,  Palpila'Ho  Cordis  trep'. 
iditiis,  Uardiopal'iiuis,  Trcpidit'tio  Cordis,  from 
Knphii,  '  the  heart,'  and  rpo/ioi,  '  tremor.'  Rapid 
and  feeble  palpitation  or  fluttering  of  the  heart. 

CARDIOT'ROTUS,  from  Kapha,  'the  heart,' 
and  TiTpmaKM.  'I  wound.'  One  afifected  with  a 
wound  of  the  heart. — (Jalen. 

CARDIPKRICAROITIS,  see  Pericarditis. 

CMtDITIC.  Carditis. 

CARDITIC,  Cardiac.  Also,  relating  or  be- 
longing to  carditis. 

CARDI'TIS,  from  vapi^in,  'the  heart,  and  the 
termination  ilia.  Inflammation  of  the  fleshy 
substance  of  the  heart.  Empres'ma  Curdi'tis, 
hilhiinmii'tio  Cordis,  I.  Cnrdi'tis.  Coitma  Cardi'- 
lis,  Myocardi'tis,   Curdi'tia  Jltiscula'ria,  (F.)  In- 


flammation  dn  Cceur,  Cardite.  The  symptoms 
of  this  affection  are  by  no  means  clear.  They 
are  often  confounded  with  those  of  pericarditis, 
or  inflammation  of  the  membrane  investing  the 
heart.  Carditis,  indeed,  with  many,  includes 
both  the  inflammation  of  the  external  investing 
membrane  and  that  of  the  interior  of  the  heart. 
See  Pericarditis,  and  Endocarditis. 

Carditis  Externa,  Pericarditis  —  c.  Interna, 
Endocarditis — c.  Muscularis,  Carditis  —  e.  Mem- 
branosa.  Pericarditis — c.  Polyposa,  Polypi  of  the 
heart^e.  Serosa,  Pericarditis. 

CARDO,  Ginglvmus. 

CARDOPATIUM.  Carlina  acaulis. 

CARDOPERICARDITI.-^,  see  Pericarditis. 

CARDUUS  ALTILIS,  Cynara  scolymus  — c. 
Benedictus,  Ccntaurea  benclicta — c.  Brazilianus, 
Bromelia  ananas  —  c.  Domestieus  capite  uiajori, 
Cynara  scolymus  —  c.  llemorrhoidalis,  Cirsium 
arvense. 

Cau'duits  Maria'nus,  C.  Ma'rim  seu  lac'teua, 
Sil'ijlium,  S.  Murin'ntim  seu  maculn'tiim,  Citr'tha- 
viHS  mrtcula'tus,  Cir'sinm  mficidn'tum.  Spina  albn. 
Common  Milk  Thistle,  Ludics'  Thistle,  (F.) 
Chiirdon-Marie.  Oni.  Compositae.  The  herb  is 
a  bitter  tonic.  The  seeds  are  oleaginous.  It  is 
not  used. 

CARDirus  PiNEiTS,  Atractylis  gummifera  —  c. 
Sativus,  Carthamus  tinctorius — c.  Sativus  non- 
spinosus,  Cynara  scolymus  —  c.  Solstitialis,  Cen- 
taurea  calcitrapa  —  c.  Sfellatus,  Ccntaurea  calci- 
trapa — c.  Tomentosus,  Onopordium  acanthium — 
c.  Veneris,  Dipsacns  fuUonutn. 

CAREBARESIS.  Carel)aria. 

CAREBA'RIA  or  CAREBART'A,  Carchnre'- 
sis,  from  Kapri,  'the  head,'  and  fiapo;,  'weight.' 
Scordine'mn,  Cerebri' ria,  Scordinis'inus,  Cordine'- 
ma.    Heaviness  of  the  head. — Hippocrates,  Galen. 

CARE'NA,  Knre'nii.  The  twenty-fourth  part 
of  a  drop. — Ruland  and  Johnson. 

CARE-TAKER,  Nurse. 

CAREUM,  Carum. 

CAREX  ARENARIA,  Sarsaparilla  Gcrmanica, 

CARIACOU.  A  beverage,  used  in  Cayenne, 
and  formed  of  a  mixture  of  cassava,  potato,  and 
sugar,  fermented. 

CAR'ICA,  from  Cnrin,  where  the  fig  was  culti- 
vated.    See  Ficus  carica. 

Car'ica  Papa'va,  Papaw  tree,  Pawpaw,  (F.) 
Pnpai/er.  Ord.  Cucurbitaceae.  A  native  of 
America,  India,  and  Africa.  The  fruit  has 
somewhat  of  the  flavour  of  the  pumpkin,  and 
is  eaten  like  it.  The  milky  juice  of  the  plant 
and  the  seed  and  root  have  been  regarded  as 
anthelmintic. 

The  papaw,  of  North  America,  belongs  to  the 
order  Anonacese,  (Ano'nn  seu  Asi'mina  seu  Por- 
cel'ia  seu  Uva'ria  tri'Ioha,  Ficus  In'dica,  Orchi- 
docnr'piim  nrieti'num,)  Custard  Apple  Family. 

CAR'ICUM.  Said  to  have  been  named  after 
its  inventor  Carious.  Car'ycnm.  A  detergent 
application  to  ulcers;  composed  of  black  helle- 
bore, sandarach,  copper,  lead,  sulphur,  orpiment, 
cantharides,  and  oil  of  cedar. — Hippocrates. 

CAHIE.  Caries — c.  des  Denis,  Dental  gangrene. 

OAR  IK.  Carious. 

CA'RIES,  Ni(p-it"ies  Os'sinm.  An  nlcerniion 
of  hone,  Osteohelco'sis, — Nei-rosis  being  death  of  a 
bone.  It  resembles  the  gangrene  of  soft  parts. 
Hence  it  has  been  termed  Caries  f/an</ra;iio'sa, 
Gani/rte'na  Cn'riesseu  Os'sinin,  Tere'do,  Arro'sio, 
Euros,  (F.)  Carie.  It  is  recognised  by  the  swell- 
ing of  the  bone  which  precedes  and  accompanies 
it;  by  the  abscesses  it  occasions;  the  fistulte 
which  form  ;  the  sanious  character,  peculiar  odour 
and  quantity  of  the  suppuration,  and  by  the  evi- 
dence aff"orded  by  probing.  The  most  common 
causes  of  caries  are  blows,  the  action  of  some 
virus,  and  morbid  diatheses.   When  dependent  on 


CARIEUX 


170 


CAROTA 


any  virus  in  the  system,  this  must  be  combated 
by  appropriate  remedies.  When  entirely  local,  it 
must  be  convertecl,  where  practicable,  into  a  state 
of  necrosis  or  dcatb  of  the  affected  part.  For 
this  end,  stimulants,  the  actual  cautery,  Ac,  are 
applied. 

Caiues,  Dentiux,  Dental  ;;angrene— c.  Puden- 
dorum,  see  Chancre— c.  of  the  Vertebrae,  Verte- 
bral disease— c.  Vertebrarum,  Vertebral  disease. 

CARIEUX,  Carious. 

CARIM  CURINI,  Justitia  ecbolium. 

CAR['NA,  'a  ship's  keel.'  The  vertebral  co- 
lumn, especially  of  the  foetus.  Also,  the  breast- 
bone bent  inwards.  Hence,  Pectus  carina'tum  : 
— the  chest  ali'ected  with  such  deformity. 

CA'RIOUS,  CanWsns,  Earo'des,  (F.)  Oarie, 
Carieux.     Affected  with  caries. 

CARIUM  TERR^E,  Calx. 

CARIVE,  Myrtus  piinenta. 

CARIVILLANDI,  Sinilax  sarsaparilla. 

CAKLINA,  'Carline  Thistle.' 

Caiiu'na  Acaul'is,  C.  chrmiat'leoi),  Chnnim'- 
leon  album,  Cardnpn'tium,  (F.)  Carline.  sons  tige. 
Ord.  Compnsitae,  which  grows  in  the  Pyrenees, 
and  on  the  mountains  of  Switzerland,  Italy,  <fcc., 
has  been  recommended  as  a  tonic,  emmenagogue, 
and  sudorific. 

Caulixa  Cham/Eleon,  C.  acaulis. 

CARLfXE  sans;  TIGE,  Cariina  acaulis. 

CARLISLE  SPRINGS.  These  are  about  five 
miles  from  the  town  of  Carlisle,  in  Pennsylvania. 
The  water  is  mildly  sulphureous. 

CARLO  SANCTO  RADIX.  'St.  Charles's 
Root :'  found  in  Mechoachan  in  America.  The 
bark  is  aromatic,  bitter  and  acrid.  It  is  con- 
sidered to  be  sudorific,  and  to  strengthen  the 
gums  and  stomach. 

CARLSBAD,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Carlsbad  is  a  town  in  Bohemia,  24  miles  from 
Egra,  celebrated  for  its  hot  baths.  The  water 
contains  about  47  parts  in  the  100  of  purging 
salts.  It  is  a  thermal  saline;  temperature  121° 
to  1()7°  Fahrenheit.  The  constituents  are — car- 
bonic aci<l,  sulphate  of  soda,  carbonate  of  soda, 
and  chloride  of  sodium. 

CARMANTIXE,  Justitia  pectoralis — c.  Pecto- 
ralc.  Justitia  pectoralis. 

CARMEN,  'averse.'  An  amulet.  A  charm, 
which,  of  old,  often  consisted  of  a  verse.  See 
Charm. 

CARMINANTIA,  Carminatives. 

CARMINATIVA.  Carminatives. 

CARMIN'ATIVES,  Carminan'tia  seu  Cnrmi- 
nati'i-d.  from  carmen,  'a  verse,'  or  'charm,'  An- 
tiphys'ica,  Phi/sacfo'gn,  Xnn'tica,  Antiphyset'ics, 
(F.)  Carminntifs.  Remedies  which  allay  pain, 
'like  a  charm,'  by  causing  the  expulsion  of 
flatus  from  the  alimentary  cnnal.  They  are  gene- 
rally of  the  class  of  aromaties. 

The  Four  Gheateh  Carminative  Hot  Seeds, 
Qiiat'uor  sem'ina  cul'ida  majo'ra  carminati'va, 
were,  of  old,  anise,  earui,  cuniTuin,  and  fennel. 

The  Four  Lesser  Carminative  Hot  Seeds, 
Quot'uor  sem'ina  cal'ida  mino'ra,  were  bishop's 
weed,  stone  parsley,  smallage,  and  wild  carrot. 

CARMO T.  A  name  given,  by  thfe  alchymists, 
to  the  matter  which  they  believed  to  constitute 
the  Philosopher's  stone. 

CARNABADIA,  Carum.  (seed.) 

CARNABADIUM.  Cuminum  cyminum. 

CARNATIO,  Syssarcosis. 

CARNATION.  Dianthus  caryophyllus. 

CARNELIAN,  Cornelian. 

CARNR0LU3,  Cornelian. 

CAR'NEOUS,  Car)io'sus,  Sarco'des,  Incarna'- 
fj(s,  from  cam,  carnis,  'flesh,'  (F.)  Cliarnu. 
Consisting  of  flesh,  or  resembling  flesh. 

Carneous  Columns,  Fleshy   Culumus,  Colum'- 


nce  Carnem,  of  the  heart,  (F.)  Colonnes  cliarnrien, 
are  muscular  projections,  situate  in  the  cavities 
of  the  heart.  They  are  called,  also,  Jlus'cidi 
Papilla'res. 

Caunkous  Fibres,  Fleshy  Fibres,  Mns'cidar 
Fibres,  (F.)  Fibres  charnnes  ou  musculaireu,  are 
fibres  belonging  to  a  muscle. 

CARNEUM  MARSUPIUM,  Ischio-trochan- 
terianus. 

CARNIC'ULA.  Diminutive  of  caro,  carnis, 
'flesh.'     The  gum. — Fallopius. 

CARNIFICA'TIO,  Carnification  —  c.  Pulmo- 
nura,  Hepatisation  of  the  lungs. 

CARNIFICA'TION,  Camifica'tin,  from  earn, 
carnis,  '  flesh,'  and  fieri,  '  to  become.'  Trann. 
formation  into  fiesh.  A  morbid  state  of  certain 
organs,  in  which  the  tissue  acquires  a  consistence 
like  that  of  fleshy  or  muscular  parts.  It  is  .some- 
times observed  in  hard  parts,  the  texture  he- 
coming  softened,  as  in  Osteo-sarcoma.  When  it 
occurs  in  the  lungs,  they  present  a  texture  like  that 
of  liver.     Such  is  the  condition  of  the  fcetal  lunf;. 

CARNIFOR'MIS  ABSCESS'US.  An  ahseess, 
which  ordinarily  occurs  in  the  neighborhood  of 
the  articulations,  and  whose  orifice  is  hard,  the 
sides  thick  and  callous. — ^M.  A.  Severinus. 

CARNIVOROUS,  Camiv'orus,  Sarcoph'n. 
gus,  Greatoph'agus,  Creoph'ogus,  Zooph'iitjDwt, 
Creatoph'agons,  Creoph'agotis,  Kreatoph' agmm, 
(F.j  Carnivore ;  from  caro,  carnis,  'flesh,'  and 
voro,  '  I  eat.'  That  which  eats  flesh.  Any  sub- 
stance which  destroys  excrescences  in  wounds, 
ulcers,  <fcc. 

CARNOSA  CUTIS,  Panniculus  carnosus. 

C  A  R  N  0  S  '  I T  A  S,  (F.)  Oamosite,  from  caro, 
carnis,  '  flesh.'     A  fleshy  excrescence. 

CARNOS'ITIES  OF  THE  URE'THRA,  Car', 
uncles  in  the  Ure'thra,  (F.)  Carnosites  ou  Caron- 
cides  de  I'uretre.  Small  fleshy  excrescences  or 
fungous  growths,  which  were,  at  one  time,  pre- 
sumed to  exist  in  the  male  urethra,  whenever 
retention  of  urine  followed  gonorrhoea. 

M.  Cullerier  uses  the  term  Carnosite  veneriemie 
for  a  cutaneous,  cellular,  and  membranous  tu- 
mour, dependent  upon  the  syphilitic  virus.  See, 
also,  Polysarcia. 

CARNOSUS,  Carneous. 

CARO,  Flesh — c.  Accessoria,  see  Flexor  longus 
digitorum  pedis  profundus  perforans,  (aecesso- 
rius)  —  c.  Excrescens,  Excrescence  —  e.  Fungosa, 
Fungosity  —  c.  Glandulosa,  Epiglottic  gland  —  c. 
Luxurians,  Fungosity — c.  Orbicularis,  Placenta — 
c.  Parenchymatica,  Parenchyma — c.  Quadrata, 
Palmaris  brevis — c.  Quadratus  Sylvii,  see  Flexor 
longus  digitorum  pedis  profundus  perforans,  (ac- 
cessorius)— c.  Viscerum,  Parenchyma. 

CAROB  TREE,  Ceratonia  siliqua. 

CAROBA  ALNABATI,  Ceratonium  siliqua. 

CARODES,  Carotic. 

CAROLI,  see  Chancre. 

CAROLI'NA,  NORTH,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  In  the  counties  of  Warren,  Montgomery, 
Rockingham,  Lincoln,  Buncomb,  and  Rowan, 
there  are  mineral  springs.  They  belong  gene- 
rally to  the  sulphureous  or  acidulous  saline. 

CAROLINA,  SOUTH,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  They  are  numerous.  Pacolet  Springs,  on 
the  west  bank  of  Pacolet  River,  contain  sulphur 
and  iron.  Many,  with  similar  properties,  but  not 
held  in  estimation,  are  scattered  about  the  State. 

CARONCULE,  Caruncle — c.  Lachrymals,  Ca- 
runcle. 

CARONCULES  MYRTTFORMES,  Carun- 
culae  myrtiformes — c.  de  I' Urltre,  Carnosities  of 
the  urethra. 

GARONCULEUX,  Carunculous. 

CARO  PI,  Amomum  cardamomum. 

CAROSIS,  Somnolency. 

CAROTA,  see  Daucus  carota. 


CAROTIC 


171 


CARREAU 


CAROT'IC,  Carot'iciiH,  Carot'id,  Carol' idun, 
Cunidtlce'rii,  C'lro'den,  Cum' atone,  from  Kapos, 
'.stupor,'  (F.)  Carotifjiie.  Relating  to  stupor  or 
ciiniH—na  a  carotic  gtate; — or  to  the  carotids,  (F.J 
Cdi'otldieii. 

Carotic  Arteries,  Carotids  —  c.  Ganglion, 
Bee  Carotid  Nerve — c.  Nerve,  Carotid  Nerve  —  o. 
Ple.xus,  see  Carotid  Nerve. 

CAROTIC  A,  Narcoties. 

CAROTICUS,  Carotic. 

CAROTID,  Carotic. 

CAROTID/EUS,  Carotic. 

CAItOTIDlEX,  Carotic. 

CAROTMDS,  Cn rot' ides,  Carot'iccB,  CnrotidecB, 
C'ij)ita'le8,Jii<jnl(i'reH,  Sopora'les,  Sopora'ricB,  So- 
purif'ercB,  Soiniii/'era;,  Api-plec'ticcB,  Lethnr'yicm 
(Arte'ria;),  Carot'id  Ar'terien,  Cephalic  Arteries, 
(V.)  Arteres  Carotidis ;  from  /cupoj,  '  stupor,' [?]. 
The  great  arteries  of  the  neck,  which  carry  blood 
to  the  head.  They  are  divided  into,  1.  Primitire 
or  common  ;  the  left  of  which  arises  from  the 
aorta,  and  the  right  from  a  trunk,  common  to  it 
and  the  subclavian.  2.  Fxterual  or  periccphal'ic, 
branch  of  the  primitive,  which  extends  from  the 
last  to  the  neck  of  the  condyle  of  the  lower  jaw; 
and,  3.  Internal,  Arte'ria  cercbra'lia  vel  ence- 
phol'icn,  another  branch  of  the  primitive,  which, 
arising  at  the  same  place  as  the  external,  enters 
tlie  cranium,  and  terminates  on  a  level  with  the 
fissure  of  Sylvius,  dividing  into  several  branches. 

Carotid  or  Carotic  Canal,  Cana'lis  Carot'icus, 
Canal  injleue  de  I'os  temporal — (Ch.),  Canal  caro- 
tidlen,  is  a  canal  in  the  temporal  bone,  through 
which  the  carotid  artery  and  several  nervous 
filninents  pass. 

Carotid  or  Carotic  Foram'ina,  Foram'ina  Ca- 
rot'ica,  (F.)  TroHs  carotidiens,  are  distinguished 
into  internal  and  exteriud.  They  are  the  foram- 
ina at  each  extremity  of  the  Canalis  Carotieus. 

Carotid  Ganglion,  see  Carotid  nerve. 

Carotid  Nerve,  Carot.'ic  nerve,  Nervns  carot'- 
icus. A  branch  from  the  superior  cervical  gan- 
glion of  the  great  sympathetic,  which  ascends  bj' 
the  side  of  the  internal  carotid.  It  divides  into 
two  jjortions,  which  enter  the  carotid  canal,  and, 
by  their  communication  with  each  other  and  the 
petrosal  branch  of  the  vidian,  form  the  carotid 
2}lej:its.  They  also  frequently  form  a  small  gan- 
gliforin  swelling  on  the  under  part  of  the  artery 
— the  carotic  or  carotid  or  cavernous  yanylion, 
gantjlion  of  Laumonier. 

Carotid  PneJcus,  see  Carotid  nerve. 

CAROTTE,  Daucus  en  rota. 

CAROUA,  Carum  (seed). 

CAIiOUIilER,  Ceratonium  siliqua. 

CAllOUGE,  see  Ceratonium  siliqua. 

CARPAL,  Carpa'lis ;  from  Kuprvoi,  'the  wrist.' 
Belonging  or  relating  to  the  carpus  or  wrist. 

CARPASA.  Carb.asa. 

CARPA'SIUM,  Car'pasum,  and  Carpe'sinm. 
Dioscorides,  Pliny,  Galen,  &c.,  have  given  these 
names,  and  that  of  Carpasos,  to  a  plant,  which 
cannot  now  be  determined,  and  whose  juice,  called 
Opocar'pason,  oiroKupirnauv,  passed  for  a  violent, 
narcotic  poison,  and  was  confounded  with  myrrh. 

CARPATIIICUM,  see  Pinus  cembra. 

CMtPE,  Carpus. 

CARPENTARIA,  Achillea  millefolium. 

CARPENTER'S  LEAF,  Galax  aphylla 

CARPESIUM,  Carpasium. 

CARPHO'DES,  Carphoi'des,  from  Kap<t,os,  'floc- 
culus' and  £1^05,  'resemblance.'  Flocculent, 
stringy; — as  mucus  carphodes,  flocculent  •  or 
striiigv  mucus. 

CARPIIOLOG'TA,  Tllmus,  CnrpoJog"in,  Cro- 
eidis'mus,  Croci/dis'mus,  Flocco'rum  vena'tio,  F/oc- 
cile'(/iuni,  Tricli'doi/'ia,  Crocidij-'is,  Floccila'tion, 
Floccita'tion,  from  Kupipoi,  'floc'culus,'  and  Xeyd), 


'I  collect,' or 'pluck,'  (F.)  Carphologie.  Action 
of  gathering  flocculi.  A  delirious  picking  of  the 
bed-clothes,  as  if  to  seek  some  substance,  or  to 
pull  the  flocculi  from  them.  It  denotes  great 
cerebral  irritability  and  debility,  and  is  an  un- 
favourable sign  in  fevers,  .to. 

CARPllOS,  Trigonella  fwnum, 

CARPIA,  Lintoum. 

CARPItEUS,  Palmaris  brevis. 

CAR'PIAL,  Car'pian,  Carpia'nns,  Carpia'lis, 
(F.)  Carpien.      Belonging  to  the  Carpus. 

Car'pialLig'aments,  (F.)  Ligaments  Carpiens, 
are,  1.  The  fibrous  fascite,  which  unite  the  bones 
of  the  carpus ;  and,  2.  The  annular  ligaments, 
anterior  and  posterior. 

CARPIAN,  Cari)ial. 

CAHI'IEN,  Cari)ial. 

CARPISMUS,  Carpus 

C  A  R  P  0  B  A  L  S  A  M  U  M,  see  Amyris  opobal  • 
samura. 

CARPOLOGIA,  Carphologia — c.  Spasmodiea, 
Subsultus  tendinum. 

CARPO-METACARPEUS  MINIMI  DIGITI, 
Adductor  metacarpi  minimi  digiti — c.  Mi'turar- 
pien  du  petit  doigt,  Opponens  minimi  digiti  — 
c.  Metacarpien  du  jjouce,  Opponens  pollicis  —  c. 
Phalangeus  minimi  digiti.  Abductor  minimi  digiti 
--  c.  Phalangien  du  ]>ctit  doigt,  Abductor  minimi 
digiti.  Flexor  parvus  minimi  digiti — c.  Phal<in</ifii 
du  pouce,  Flexor  brevis  pollicis  manus — c.  Sus- 
phalangien  du  pouce,  Abductor  pollicis  brevis. 

CARPO-PEDAL,  from  carpus,  'the  wrist,'  and 
pes,  pedis,  'the  foot.'  Relating  to  the  wrist  and 
foot. 

Carpo-PEDAL  Spasm,  Cer'ehral sp,asmod' ic 
croup.  A  spasmodic  affection  of  the  chest  and 
larynx  in  young  children,  accompanied  by  gene- 
ral or  partial  convulsions.  The  disease  commonly 
occurs  between  the  third  and  ninth  month,  and 
is  characterized  by  excessive  dyspnoea,  accompa- 
nied by  a  loud  croupy  noise  on  inspiration  ;  the 
thumbs  being  locked,  and  the  hands  and  feet 
rigidly  bent  for  a  longer  or  shorter  period.  The 
seat  of  the  disease  is  evidently  in  the  cerebro- 
spinal axis,  primarily  or  secondarily:  generally, 
perhaps,  it  is  owing  to  erethism  seated  elsewhere, 
but  communicated  to  the  cerebro-spinal  centre, 
and  reflected  to  the  respiratory  and  other  muscles 
concerned.  It  seems  to  be  connected  wiih  dental 
irritation;  and  consequently,  in  the  treatment, 
where  such  is  the  case,  the  gums  should  be  freely 
divided ;  after  which,  cathartics  and  revulsives, 
with  the  use  of  narcotics  and  appropriate  diet, 
will  generally  remove  the  affection;  for  although 
extremely  alarming,  it  is  often  not  attended  with 
great  danger.     See  Asthma  thymicum. 

CARPOS,  Fruit. 

CARPOT'ICA,  from  Kapwog,  'fruit.'  Diseases 
affecting  impregnation.  Irregularity,  difficulty 
or  danger  produced  by  parturition  : — the  3d  or- 
der, class  Genetica,  of  Good. 

CARPUS,  Carpis'mus,  Brachia'le,  Rasce'ta, 
Paste' ta,  Rascha,  Rase'ta,  Raset'ta,  Wrist,  (Prov.) 
Hand-wrist,  Shackle,  (F.)  Carpe,  Poignet.  The 
part  between  the  fore-arm  and  hand.  Eight 
bones  compose  it  (in  two  rows).  In  the  superior 
row  there  are,  from  without  to  within — the  Sca- 
phoidcs  or  navicula're,  Luna're  or  semiluna're, 
Cuneifor'me,  and  Orhicula're  or  pisi/or'me.  In 
the  lower  row — Trape'zium,  Trapezoi'des,  Mag- 
num, and  Uucifor'me. 

CARRAGEEN  MOSS,  Fucus  crispus. 

CARRE,  Quadratus  —  c.  de  la  Cnisse,  Quad- 
ratus  femoris  —  c.  des  Lcmhes,  Quadratus  lum- 
borum  —  c.  du  Menton.  Depressor  labii  inferioris 
— c.  du  Pied,  Extensor  brevis  digitorum  pedis. 

CARREAU,  Tabes  mesenterica. 


CARRE E 


172 


CAIIYOCOSTINUS 


CAR  REE,  see  Flexor  longus  digitorum  pedis  I 
profundus  perforans  (accessorius). 

CARRE  LET,  (F.)  Acna  trinngida'rie.  A 
straight  needle,  two  or  three  inches  long,  the 
point  of  which  is  triangular ;  and  which  the 
ancients  used  in  different  operations.  Also,  a 
wooden,  triangular  frame  for  fixing  a  cloth 
through  which  different  pharmaceutical  prepara- 
tions are  passed. 

CARRON  OIL,  Linimentum  aquae  calcis. 

CARROT,  CA.NDY,  Athamanta  cretensis— c. 
Deadl}',  Thapsia. 

Cabrot  Plant,  Daucus  cajota. 

CARTIIAGEXA  BARKS,  see  Cinchona. 

CARTUAMUS  MACULATUS,  Carduus  ma- 
rianus. 

Cau'thAMUS  Tincto'rids,  Am'yron,  Ciiicus, 
Crocus  German'iciis  seu  Suracen' icun,  Gar'tha- 
viiim  vfficina' rum,  Car'duus  nati'vuH,  Safra'iium, 
S fffron- flower,  Sn (flower,  SaJ/Jow,  Bastard  Saf- 
fron, Dyer's  Saffron,  (F.)  Carthanie,  Safraii 
bdtard,  Carthanie  cles  Teinturiers.  Ord.  Coui- 
positae.  Sex.  Si/st.  Syngenesia  Polygamia  squa- 
lls. The  seeds  are  aromatic,  cathartic,  and  diu- 
retic; yet  to  the  parroquet  they  are  an  article  of 
f)od;  hence  their  name,  Gruines  de  Parroquet. 
The  flowers.  Gar' thamus  (Ph.  U.  S.),  are  employed 
as  a  cosmetic,  and  are  a  reputed  diaphoretic.  [?] 

CARTHEGON,  see  Buxus. 

CAR'TILAGB,  Ghondros,  Car'tila(/o,  Gristle, 
(Sc.)  Girsle,  (F.)  Cartllarje.  A  solid  part  of  the 
animal  body,  of  a  medium  consistence  between 
bone  and  ligament,  which  in  the  foetus  is  a  sub- 
stitute for  bone,  but  in  the  adult  exists  only  in 
the  joints,  at  the  extremities  of  the  ribs,  Ac. 
Cartilages  are  of  a  whitish  colour,  flexible,  com- 
pressible, and  very  elastic,  and  some  of  them 
apparently  inorganic.  They  are  composed,  ac- 
cording to  J.  Davy,  of  .44;  albumen,  .55  water, 
and  .01  phosphate  of  lime. 

CARTILAGE  ANONYME,  Cricoid,  (carti- 
lage)— c.  Epiglottic,  Epiglottis — c.  Mucrone,  Xi- 
piioid  Cartilage — c.  Supra-arytenoid,  Corniculum 
laryngis — c.  Tarsal,  see  Tarsus. 

Cartilagks,  AuTicuLAn,  Obdu'cent  Car'tilages, 
invest  bony  surfaces,  which  are  in  contact;  hence 
they  are  called  investing  or  incrusting  cartilages, 
(F.)  Gartilages  de  revetement  ou  d'encrotitement. 

Cartilages,  Cuneiform,  op  the  Larynx,  see 
Cuneiform. 

GARTILAGES  EBURNES,  see  Eburnifica- 
tion. 

Cartilagks,  Interarticdlar,  3fenis'ci,  are 
such  as  are  situate  within  the  joints,  as  in  the 
knee  joint. 

Cartilages,  Intervertebral,  see  Interverte- 
bral. 

Cartilages  op  Ossifica'tion  are  such  as,  in 
the  progress  of  ossification,  have  to  form  an  in- 
tegrant part  of  bones;  as  those  of  the  long  bones 
in  the  new-born  infant.  They  are  termed  teni- 
porary ;  the  others  being  permanent.  All  the 
cartilages,  with  the  exception  of  the  articular, 
are  surrounded  by  a  membrane  analogous  to  the 
periosteum,  called  Perichon'driuni. 

Cartilagks  of  the  Ribs  are.  in  some  respects, 
only  prolongations  of  the  ribs.  Those  of  the  nose, 
of  the  meatus  auditorius,  and  Eustachian  tube, 
present  a  similar  arrangement.  Other  cartilages 
resemble  a  union  of  fibrcjus  and  cartilaginous  tex- 
tures ;   hence  their  name  Fihro-cartilages. 

Cartilages  of  Santorini,  Corniculum  La- 
ryngis—  c.  Semilunar,  see  Semilunar — c.  Sig- 
moid, Semilunar  cartilages  —  c.  of  Wrisberg, 
Cuneiform  Cartilages  of  the  Larynx. 

CARTILAGINES  GUTTURALES,  Aryte- 
noid cartilages — c.  Semilunares,  Semilunar  car- 
tilages— c.  Siginoideae,  Semilunar  cartilages. 


Cartilaoinis  ARYTENOiDJi;^  Capitulum,  Cor- 
niculum laryngis. 

CARTILAG'TNOUS,  Cartilariin'ens,  Gartila- 
giiio'sus,  Ghondro'dts,  Ghoudroi'des,  (F.)  Girti- 
laijlneux.    Belonging  to,  or  resembling  cartilage, 

Cartilaoinous  Tissue,  see  Tissue. 

CARTILAGO,  Cartilage— c.  Clypealis,  Thy- 
roid cartilage — c.  Ensiformis,  Xiphoid  cartilage 
— c.  Gutturalis,  Arytenoid  cartilage — c.  Innoini- 
nata.  Cricoid — c.  Mucronata,  Xiphoid  cartilage — 
c.  Peltalis,  Thyroid  cartilage.  Xiphoid  cartilage— 
c.  Peltatus,  Thyroid  cartilage  —  c.  Scutiforiuis, 
Thyroid  cartilage — c.  Uvifer,  Uvula — c.  Xiphoi- 
des,  Xiphoid  cartilage. 

CARUM,  from  Caria,  a  province  of  Asia. 
A'pium  seu  Du'nium  seu  Ligus'ticuin  seu  Ses'eli 
carvi  seu  caritm,  Sium  carvi,  Ca'reum,  Carum 
car'vi,  Garvi,  Gumi'nunt  praten'se.  Gams,  Gar'non, 
the  Car'away,  (F.)  Garri,  Cumin  des  pres.  Order, 
Umbelliferae.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia. 
The  seeds.  Caraway  seeds,  (Prov.)  Carry  seeds, 
Carnaba'dia,  Car'oua,  Carum  (Ph.  U.  S.),  are 
■carminative.  Dose,  gr.  x  to  ^'j;  swallowed  whole 
or  bruised.  The  oil.  Oleum  Gar'u'i,  (F.)  Ilnile  de 
carvi,  has  the  properties  of  the  seeds.  Dose,  gtt. 
ij  to  vj.  Aqua  Car'ui,  Car'away  Water,  is  offi- 
cinal in  the  Pharmacopoeias  of  London  and 
Dublin. 

Carum  Bulbocastanum,  Bunium  bulbocasta- 
num. 

CAR'UNCLE,  Garun'cula,  diminutive  of  earo, 
'flesh.'  A  small  portion  of  flesh,  Sar'dum,  Sar- 
eid'ium.  A  fleshy  excrescence, — Ecphy'ma  car- 
un'ciila,  (F.)  Caroncule. 

Caruncle,  Carnositas. 

Caruncles  in  the  Urethra,  Carnosities. 

Carun'cula  Lacryma'lis,  (F.)  Garoncule 
lacrymale.  A  small,  reddish,  follicular  body, 
situate  at  the  inner  angle  of  the  eye.  It  secretes 
a  gummy  substance. 

Caruncula  Seminams,  Gallinaginis  caput. 

CARUNCUL^  CUTICULARKS,  Nymphse. 

Carunculje  Mammilla'res.  The  extremities 
of  the  lactiferous  tubes  in  the  nipples.  The 
olfactory  nerves  have  been  so  called  by  some. 

Caruncula  Myrtipor'mes,  C.  Vagina'les, 
Glan'dulcB  myrtifor'mes,  (F.)  Caroncnles  myrti- 
formes.  Small,  reddish  tubercles,  more  or  less 
firm,  of  variable  form,  and  uncertain  number, 
situate  near  the  orifice  of  the  vagina,  and  formed 
by  the  mucous  membrane.  They  are  regarded 
as  the  remains  of  the  hymen. 

CARUNcuLyE  Papilla  res, Papillae  of  the  kidney. 

CARUN'CULOUS,  Caruneidar,  (F.)  Caroncu- 
leux.     Relating  to  caruncles  or  carnosities. 

CARUON,  Carum. 

CAR  US,  K(ipos,  Sopor  cnro'ticus,  Profound  sleep. 
The  last  degree  of  coma,  with  complete  insensi- 
bility, which  no  stimulus  can  remove,  even  for  a 
few  instants.  Sopor,  Coma,  Lethargia,  and  Ca- 
ms, are  four  degrees  of  the  same  condition. 

Carus  Apoplexia,  Apoplexy  —  c.  Asi)hyxia, 
Asphyxia — c.  Catalepsia,  Catalepsy — c.  Ecstasis, 
Ecstasis  —  c.  Hydrocephalus,  Hydrocephalus  in- 
ternus — c.  ab  Insolatione,  Coup  de  soleil — c.  Le- 
thargus.  Lethargy — c.  Lethargus  cataphora,  Som- 
nolency—  c.  Lethargus  vigil.  Coma  vigil — c. 
Paralysis,  Paralysis  —  c.  Paralysis  paraplegia, 
Paraplegia — -c.  Veternus,  Lethargy. 

CARVI,  Carum. 

CARVY  SEEDS,  see  Carum. 

CARYA,  Hickory,  Juglans  regia — c.  Basilica, 
Juglans  regia. 

CARYDION,  Corylus  avellana. 

CARYEDON  CATAGxMA,  see  Fracture. 

CARYOCOST'INUS,  Gary ocosti num.  An  elec- 
tuary prepared  of  the  costus  and  other  aromatic 
substances,  <fec.  It  was  cathartic.  See  Coufectio 
scammoniae. 


CARYON 


173 


CASSUMUNIAR 


CAKYON,  Juglans  regia — c.  Ponticon,  Corylus  | 
avelliiiiii  (nut.) 

CAllVOl'lIYLLA,  Goum  urbnnum. 

CAIIVOI'HVI.LATA  AQUATICA,  Geum  ri- 
viilo — I'.  Nutiiiis,  (iium  riviik" — c.  Urbana,  Geum 
urbanmii — c.  Viili^aris.  Gcuin  urbanum. 

CARVOl'lIYLLUM  KU13IIUM,  Dianthus  ca- 
ryoplivllii.". 

CAHVOl'IIYLLUS  AMERICANUS,  see  Myr- 
lus  piiUL'iita — <:.  Aromaticus,  Eugenia  caryopbyl- 
Ijita — c.  Jlortcnsis,  Diantbus  carj'ophyllus  —  c. 
Pimcnta,  Myrtus  Piinenta  —  c.  Vulgaris,  Geum 
urbanmn. 

CAllYO'TI.     The  best  kind  of  dates.— Galen. 

CA.S  HARES  {¥.),  Rare  cases.  This  term  is 
used,  by  the  French,  for  pathologiojil  facts,  which 
viiry  from  what  is  usual.  See  a  celebrated  article 
under  this  head  in  the  Dictiunnaire  ties  Sciences 
Mediral.-s.  Vol.  IV. 

CASAMUM,  Cyclamen. 
CASAMUNAR,  Cassurauniar. 
CASCADING,  Vomiting. 

CAS'CARA,  CASCARIL'LA.  Spanish  words, 
which  signify  hark  and  lime  bark,  under  wliich 
appellations  the  hark  (Cinchona)  is  known  in 
Peru.  They  are  now  applied  to  the  bark  of  Cro- 
toii  casrarilla.  The  bark-gatherers  are  called 
Cascarillcros. 

CASCARILLA,  Cascara,  Croton  cascarilla — c. 
Carabaya,  sec   Cinchonaj   cordifoliae   cortex  —  c. 
Coloraiia,  Cinchoiuu  oblongifoliac  cortex — c.  Roxa, 
CinchonsB  oijlongifolia!  cortex. 
CASCARfLLEROS,  see  Cascara. 
CASCIIl'IU,  Catechu. 

CASK,  T'l/wi,  T/ieca,  (F.)  Caisse.  This  name 
is  given  to  boxes  for  the  preservation  of  instru- 
ments, or  of  medicines  necessary  in  hospital  or 
other  service.  We  say,  e.  g.  —  A  ease  of  ampti- 
tatiiig,  or  «/'  trepanning  instrninents.  A  pocket 
case,  Armamenta' rium  portah'ile,  (F.)  Trousse, 
contains  the  smaller  instruments  in  constant  use 
with  the  surgeon. 

Cask,  C'dus,  from  cadere,  casiim,  'to  fall.' 
The  conilition  of  a  patient;  —  as  a  case  of  fever, 
&c.  (F.)  Ohservation.  Also,  the  history  of  a 
disease. 

CASEARIUS,  Cheesy. 

CA'SEIN,  Cascine,  Ca'senm,  Galaetine,  Ti/rine, 
Lactnlhn'men,  Caseous  matter,  (F.)  Caseiiie,  itfa- 
tih-e  caseuse,  from  caseus,  'cheese.'  The  only 
nitrogenizod  constituent  of  milk.  It  is  identical 
in  comiuisition  with  the  chief  constituents  of 
l)lood, — fil)rin  and  albumen,  all  being  compounds 
of  protein.  A  similar  principle  exists  in  the  vege- 
table, Veijetnhle  Casein  or  Le(j\('min,  Ve<j"etnhle 
Gluten.  It  is  chiefly  found  in  leguminous  seeds 
— peas,  beans,  lentils.  Like  vegetable  albumen, 
Casein  is  soluble  in  water;  and  the  solution  is 
not  eoagulable  by  heat. 

Casi:in',  Rlooi)  Globulin — c.  of  the  Saliva.,  see 
Saliva — c.  of  the  Small  intestine,  Albuminose. 

CASEOSUS.  Cheesy. 

CASEOUS  MATTER,  Casein. 

CASKUM,  Casein. 

CASEUS.  Cheese — c.  Equinus,  Hippace. 

OASEUX,  Cheesy. 

CASHEW,  Anacardium  oecidentale. 

CASIIOO.  An  aromatic  drug  of  Iliudoostan, 
said  to  possess  pectoral  virtues. 

CASIIOW,  Catechu. 

CASIA.  Laurus  cassia. 

CASMINA,  Cassumuniar. 

CASMONAR,  Cassumuniar. 

CASSA,  Thorax. 

CASSADA  ROOT.  .Jatropha  manihot. 

CASSAVA,  BITTER,  Jatropha  manihot  —  c. 
Root,  Jatropha  manihot. 

CASSE  AROMATIQUE,  Laurus  cassia  —  c. 
en  Bdloiis,  Cassia  lis  tula— c.  en  Bois,  Laurus  cas- 


sia—  c.   dea  Boutiques,  Cassia  fistula  —  c.   Seni, 
Cassia  senna. 

CASSE-LUNETTE,  Centaurea  cyanus,  Cya- 
nus  segetum,  Euphrasia  officinalis. 
CASSEENA,  Ilex  vomitoria. 
CASSENOLES,  see  Quercus  infectoria. 
CASSIA,  Laurus  cassia — c.  Absus,  Absus  —  c. 
Acutifolia,  C.  senna  —  c.  ^Egyptian,  C.  senna  — 
c.  Alexandrina,  C.  fistula  —  c.  Bonplandiana,  C. 
fistula. 

Cassia  Ciiam^CRIs'ta,  Prairie  senna,  Par- 
tridge Pea,  Wild  Senna,  an  indigenous  plant. 
Order,  LeguininosjB,  which  flowers  in  August.  It 
resembles  Cassia  Marilandica  in  properties. 

Cassia  Ci.nnamomka,  Laurus  cassia  —  c.  Ca- 
ryophyllata,  Myrtus  earyophyllata  —  c.  Canella, 
Laurus  cassia  —  c.  Egyptian,  Cassia  senna  —  c, 
Excelsa,  C.  fistula. 

Cas'siA  Fis'tuLA,  C  nigra  seu  fstula'ris  seu 
Alexandri'na  seu  excel'na  seu  Bonplandia'na, 
Cannn,  C.  solnti'va  seu  fistula,  Cnthartocar' pus, 
Bactyrilo'hium  fis'tnla.  Purging  Cassia,  (F.)  Casse 
Canefic'i'r,  Caneficier  ou  en  Batons  ou  des  Bou- 
tiques. The  pulp  of  Cassia  Fis'tula  or  Catharto- 
car'pus  Fistula,  Pudding  pipe  tree  ;  Fam.  Legu- 
minosae;  Sex.  Sijst.  Decandria  Monogynia,  Pulpn 
Cas'sias,  Cassim  Aramen'tum,  Co-ssia  FistulcB 
Pulpa,  (Ph.  U.  S.),  which  is  obtained  in  long 
pods,  is  black,  bright,  and  shining:  sweet,  slightly 
acid,  and  inodorous.  It  is  laxative  in  the  dose 
of  3'v  to  3J. 

Cassia  Lanceolata,  C.  senna  —  c.  Lignea, 
Laurus  cassia  —  c.  Lignea  Malabarica,  Laurus 
cassia. 

Cassia  Mauilan'dica,  Senna  America'nn, 
American  or  Wild  Senna,  Locust  plant,  (F.)  Seni 
d'Amerique,  The  leaves  of  this  plant  are  similar, 
in  virtue,  to. those  of  cassia  senna.  They  are, 
however,  much  inferior  in  strength. 

Cassia  Nigra,  C.  fistula  —  c.  Ofiicinalis,  C. 
senna — c.  Orientalis,  C.  senna — c.  Purging,  Cas- 
sia fistula. 

Cassia  Senna,  C.  lanceola'ta  seu  acntifo'lia 
seu  orienta'lis  seu  offieina'lis.  The  name  of  tho 
plant  which  afiTords  senna.  It  is  yielded,  how- 
ever, by  several  species  of  the  genus  cassia.  The 
leaves  of  senna,  Sennce  Folia,  Senna  Alexandri'- 
na seu  Ttal'ica,  Sena,  Senna  or  ^Egyptian  Cassia, 
(F.)  Sene,  Casse  Sene,  have  a  faint  smell,  and 
bitterish  taste.  The  active  part,  by  some  called 
Cathartin,  is  extracted  by  alcohol  and  water. 
Their  activity  is  injured  by  boiling  water.  They 
are  a  hydragogue  cathartic,  and  apt  to  gripe. 
Dose  of  the  powder,  Qj  to  ^j.  Iufu.sion  is  the 
best  form. 

The  varieties  of  senna,  in  commerce,  are  Tin- 
nirelh)  Senna,  Boinhai/  or  Cuininon  India  Senna, 
Alexandrian   Senna,  Tripoli  Senna,   and   Aleppo 

CASSIyE  ARAMENTUM,  see  Cassia  fistnla— 
c.  Fistulas  pulpa,  see  Cassia  fistula  —  c.  Flores, 
see  Laurus  cinnamomum. 

CASSIALA,  Hyssopus. 

CASSIDA  GALERICULATA,  Scutellaria  ga- 
lericulata. 

CASSIDE  BLEUE,  Scutellaria  galericulata. 

CASSIXA,  Ilex  vomitoria. 

CASSINE  CAROLINIANA.  Ilex  paraguensis 
— c.  Evergreen,  Ilex  vomitoria — c.  Peragua,  Ilex 
paraguensis. 

CASSIS,  Ribes  nigrum. 

CASSITEROS.  Tin. 

C  A  S  S  U  M  U  '  N  I  ,\  R,  Casamu'nar,  Casmonar, 
Zerumhet,  Casmina,  Ri'sagon.  Ben'gale  Indo'rum, 
Bengal  Root,  (F.)  Racine  de  Bengale.  A  root, 
obtained  from  the  East  Indies,  in  irregular  slices 
of  various  forms  ;  some  cut  transversely,  others 
longitudinally.  It  is  an  aromatic  bitter,  and  is 
consequently  tonic  and  stimulant.     It  was  onco 


CASSUVIUM  POMIFERUM    174 


CATAGOGLOSSUM 


considered  a  panacea,  and  has  been  referred  to 
Zingiber  Cnssiiiiniiiiar,  Z.  Clifford'ia  seu  purpn'- 
reitm,  Aino'iniini  montu'nnm,  and  to  Zinrjiber  Ze- 
ritmbef  seu  spu'rinm,  Aino'mum  Zerumbet  seu  si/l- 
ves'tre. 

CASSUVIUM  POMIFERUM,  Anacardium 
ocetdentale. 

CAS'SYTA  FILTFORM'IS.  A  South  African 
plant,  Nat.  Ord.  LaurineiE,  which  is  employed 
by  the  Cape  colonists  as  a  wash  in  scald  head, 
and  as  an  antiparasitic. 

CAST.  Contortion,  Caste  — e.  in  the  Eye,  see 
Strabismus. 

CASTALIA  SPECIOSA,  Nymphaea  alba. 

CASTANEA,  Fagus  castanea:  see,  also,  Fagus 
castanea  puinila — c.  Equina,  ^sculus  Hippocas- 
tanum — c.  Pumila,  Fagus  castanea  pumila. 

CASTE,  Cttst,  from  (P.)  Crnsta,  'race  or  lineage.' 
A  name  given,  by  the  Portuguese  in  India,  to 
classes  of  society,  divided  according  to  occupa- 
tions, which  have  remained  distinct  from  the 
earliest  times.  Hence  a  separate  and  fixed  order 
or  class.     See  Half-caste. 

CASTELLAMARE  DI  STASIA,  WATERS 
OF.  Castellamare  di  Stabia  is  a  town  in  Naples, 
in  the  Principato  Citra,  15  miles  S.  S.  E.  of  Na- 
ples. There  are  two  springs,  the  one  sulphu- 
reous, the  other  chalybeate. 

CASTELLETTO  ADONO,  WATERS  OF. 
These  waters,  situate  near  Acqui,  in  Italy,  are 
sulphureous. 

CASTERA-VIVENT,  WATERS  OP.  Cas- 
tera-Vivent  is  a  small  village  in  the  department 
of  Gers,  near  which  is  a  cold  acidulous  chaly- 
beate, and  another  which  is  sulphureous  and 
thermal.     Temp.  84°  Fahrenheit. 

CASTIGANS,  Corrigent. 

CASTIGLIO'NIA  LOBA'TA,  Pinoncillo  tree. 
A  tree,  which  is  cultivated  in  some  parts  of  Peru, 
and  grows  wild  in  abundance.  Its  beautiful  fruit, 
when  roasted,  has  an  agreeable  flavour.  When 
an  incision  is  made  into  the  stem,  a  clear  bright 
liquid  flows  out,  which,  after  some  time,  becomes 
black  and  horny-like.  It  is  a  very  powerful 
caustic. 

CASTILLON  POWDERS,  see  Powders,  Cas- 
tillon. 

CASTING,  Vomiting. 

CASTJOE,  Catechu. 

CASTLE-LEOD,  WATERS  OF.  A  sulphu- 
reous spring  in  Ross-shire,  Scotland,  celebrated 
for  the  cure  of  cutaneous  and  other  diseases. 

CASTOR  BAY,  Magnolia  glauca. 

Castor  Fiber,  Fiber,  Cauis  Pon'ticus,  the 
Beaver.  (F.)  Castor.  It  furnishes  the  Castor. 
Rondelet  recommends  slippers  made  of  its  skin 
in  gout.  Its  blood,  urine,  bile,  and  fat,  were  for- 
merly used  in  medicine. 

Castor  Oil  Plant,  Ricinus  communis. 

CASTO'REUM,  Ctiito'rium,  Cantor,  Castoretim 
Ros'nicnm  et  Canaden'se,  from  KaoTDp,  '  the  bea- 
ver,' quasi  yaarwp,  from  yaaTrip,  '  the  belly,'  be- 
cause of  the  size  of  its  belly.  [?]  A  peculiar 
matter  found  in  the  follicles  of  the  jirepuce  of  the 
beaver.  Castor  fiber.  Its  odour  is  strong,  unplea- 
sant, and  peculiar;  taste  bitter,  subacrid ;  and 
colour  orange  brown.  It  is  antispasmodic,  and 
often  employed.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  ^j. 

CASTORINA,  from  Cantoreum,  'castor.'  Me- 
dicines containing  castor. 

CASTRANGULA,  Scrophularia  aquatica. 

CAST  HAT,  Castratus. 

CASTRA'TION,  Cantra'tio,  Ec'tome,  Ectom'ia, 
Evlra'tio,  Excastra'tio,  Etesticula'tio,  Exlirpa'tio 
testiciilo'rum,  Detenta'tio,  Exsec'tio  viril'ium,  Eii- 
nnchis'muH,  Orchotom'ia,  Orclieot'omi),  Orchidot'- 
omy,  Gelding,  Spaying,  (F.)  Clidtrnre.  The 
operation  of  removing  the  testicles.  Sometimes 
the  term  is  employed  for  the  operation  when  per- 


formed on  one  testicle ;  hence  the  division  into 
complete  and  incomplete  castration.  Castration 
renders  the  individual  incapable  of  reproduction. 

The  terra  Spaying  is  usually  restricted  to  tho 
removal  of  the  ovaries. 

CASTRATO,  Castratus. 

CASTRA'TUS,  (I.)  Cnstra'to,  Ectom'!,,,, 
Emascnla'tus,  Erira'tni,  Exsec'tui,  Dcnec'tnit,  Ex- 
lesticida'tus.  Ex  maribiia,  Intentab'iliH,  Intenla'tiin, 
Spado,  Apoc'opiis,  Bago'cs,  from  vastrare,  '  to 
castrate.'  (F.)  Castrat,  ClidtrS.  One  deprived 
of  testicles.  In  the  Southern  States  an  animal 
thus  situated  is  said  to  be  al'tercd.  This  priva- 
tion has  a  great  influence  on  the  development  of 
puberty.  It  is  practised  to  procure  a  clearer  and 
sharper  voice  ;  and  in  the  East,  tho  guardians  of 
the  harem,  for  the  sake  of  security,  are  converted 
into  Caaira'ti  or  Eu'niichu,  tvi'ovxot.  Eunnchi 
have  generally  both  testes  and  penis  removed. 

CASUS,  Prolapsus,  Symptom  —  c.  Palpebraa 
superioris,  Blepharoptosis — c.  Uvulae,  Staphyloe- 
dema. 

CAT  FOOT,  Gnaphnliura  polycephalum. 

CAT  TAIL,  Typha  latifolia. 

CATA,  Kara,  'downwards.'  'after,' applied  to 
time :  at  times,  it  gives  additional  force  to  the 
radical  word.     A  common  prefix,  as  in — 

CATAB'ASIS,  from  KaTafiaivi,},  'I  descend.' 
An  expulsion  of  humours  downwards.  Also,  a 
descent,  Descen'sns,  Dencen'sio,  —  as  of  the  tes- 
ticles, Descen' 8U8  testienlo'rwn. 

CATABLE'MA,  KaraliXrifjia,  (Kara  and  jiaXhiv,) 
'anything  let  fall,  as  a  curtain,'  Epible'ma,  Pe- 
rible'ma.  The  outermost  bandage  which  secures 
the  rest. 

CATABY'THISMOMA'NIA,  from  (cara/3r,9.j. 
(jof,  '  submersion,'  and  iiavia,  '  mania.'  Insanity, 
with  a  propensity  to  suicide  by  drowning. 

CATACASMUS,  Cupping,  Scarification. 

CATACAUMA,  Burn. 

CATACAUSIS,  Combustion,  human — c.  Ebri- 
osa,  Combustion,  human. 

CATACERAS'TICUS,  from  KaTaKtpavvviii,  'I 
temper,'  '  I  correct.'  The  same  as  Epi'ccrnniiciis. 
A  medicine  capable  of  blunting  acrinaony  of  the 
humours. 

CATACHASMOS,  Scarification 

CATACHRISIS,  Inunction. 

CATACHRISTON,  Liniment. 

CATACH'YSIS,  Efa'sio,  Po/u'sio,  from /tara- 
j^Eo),  'I  pour  upon.  AflFusion  with  cold  water.— 
Hippocrates.     Decantation. 

CATAC'LASIS,  from  /tara/cAa^o,  'I  break  to 
pieces.'  Cam'pylum,  Campylo'tin.  Distortion,  or 
spasmodic  fixation  of  the  eyes  ;  spasmodic  occlu- 
sion of  the  eyelids.  Also,  fracture  of  a  bone.^ 
Hippocrates,  Vogel. 

CATACLEIS',  from  Kara,  'beneath,'  and  icXtti, 
'the  clavicle;'  'a  lock  or  fastening,'  xaTaxMta 
{Kara  and  kXciw),  I  lock  up.  This  term  has  been 
applied  to  many  parts,  as  to  the  first  rib,  the 
acromion,  the  joining  of  the  sternum  with  the 
ribs,  &c. 

CATACLEI'SIS,  same  etymon.  A  locking  up. 
The  act  of  locking  up.  Morbid  union  of  lli  e  eye-lids. 

CATACLYS'MUS,  Cataclyn'ma,  Cata'clpin, 
from  KaTUKXv^civ,  'to  submerge,  inundate.'  A 
Clyster. — Hippocr.  Others  mean,  by  the  term,  a 
shower-bath,  or  copious  aff"usion  of  water;  Catw- 
one'sis.     Ablution,  Douche. 

CAT^ONESIS,  Catantlema,  Cataclysmus. 

CATAGAUNA.  Cambogia. 

CATAGLOSSUM,  Glossocatochus. 

CATAGMA,  Fracture — c.  Pissura,  Fissure,  see 
Contrafissura — c.  Fractura,  Fracture. 

CATAGMAT'ICS,  Catagmat'ica  r em ed' in,  from. 
Karayita,  'fracture.'  Remedies  supposed  to  be 
capable  of  occasioning  the  formation  of  callus. 

CATAGOGLOS'SUM,  from  Karayuv,  'to  draw 


CATAGRAPHOLOGIA 


1 


CATAPLASMA 


down,'  and  yXw<T<7a,  'the  tongue.'  An  instrument 
for  presaing  down  the  tongue.  See  Glossocato- 
chus. 

CATAGRAPHOLOGIA,Pharmacocatagrapho- 
logia. 

VATAIRE,  Nepeta,  see  Fremiescment  cntm'ye. 

CATALKN'TIA.  Epilepsy,  or  some  disease 
reseinliling  it. — Paracelsus. 

CATALEPSIA  SPURIA,  Ecstasis. 

CATALEP'SY,  Cdtnlej/ita,  Cutalep'sis,  Cat'- 
oche,  Ciit'ocliuH,  Odt'ocha  Golc'ni,  J/idIihii  atton'- 
itiiH  VcIh),  llyite'ria  caUdep'tica,  CouijeUi'tio,  De- 
ten' tin, Encdtitlep' lis,  Aphonia — (Hippocr.,)j4)iau'- 
dia  —  (Antigenes,)  Apprehen'iiio,  CuntempUi'tio, 
Stupor  vi<j"ilan8,  Prehen'm'o,  Gurus  Cutdlep'sui, 
Oppren'sio,  Comjyrehen'vio — (Ca;l.  Aurelian.)  Com- 
prcn'nio,Apnpleje'ia  Catalep'Hia.from  KaraAa^/iuvu), 
'  I  seize  hold  of.'  Trance  [?]  (F.)  Vatalejinie.  A 
disease  in  which  there  is  sudden  suspension  of 
the  action  of  the  senses  and  of  volition  ;  the 
limbs  and  trunk  preserving  the  different  positions 
given  to  them.  It  is  a  rare  affection,  but  is  seen, 
at  times,  as  a  form  of  hysteria.  Some  of  the 
Greek  writers  have  used  the  word  in  its  true  ac- 
ceptation of  a  seizure,  surprise,  &c. 

CA'i:ALEVTIC,Cata/ep'ticu8,{F.)Catalepticjue. 
Same  etymon.  Relating  to  catalepsy.  Affected 
with  catalepsy. 

Catalet'tic  Method,  Meth'odus  Cnfniep'tic.a. 
The  administration  of  external  agents  when  in- 
ternal agents  are  inapplicable. 

CATALOT'IC,  Catalut'icus,  from  (cuTaAomw,  'to 
break  or  grind  down.'  A  remedy  which  removes 
unseemly  cicatrices. 

CATAL'PA,  C.  Arho'rea  seu  Cordtfo'Ua  seu 
Arborcs'cens  seu  Bignoniui'des  seu  Si/rini/cp/o'lia, 
Jlir/uo'nia  Catal'pa,  Cataio'ba  tree.  Bean  tree, 
Indian  Bean.  A  decoction  of  the  pods  of  the 
Catalpa,  an  American  tree,  of  the  Order  Bigno- 
niaceos,  Didynamia  Angiospermia,  has  been  re- 
commended in  chronic  nervous  asthma. 

Catalpa  Arbohka,  Catalpa — c.  Bignonioides, 
Catalpa — c.  Cordifolia,  Catalpa — c.  Syringasfolia, 
Catalpa. 

CATAL'YSIS,  Paralysis,  from  koto,  and  Auw, 
'I  dissolve  or  decompose.'  The  action  of  pre- 
sence in  producing  decomposition  ;  as  when  a 
body  which  possesses  what  has  been  termed  ca- 
talytic force —  (F.)  Force  cataljjtiqne  —  resolves 
other  bodies  into  new  compounds  by  mere  eon- 
tact  or  presence,  without  itself  experiencing  any 
moditieation. 

CATALYT'IC,  Catnhjt'icm.  Same  etymon. 
A  medicine,  which  is  presumed  to  act  by  the  de- 
struction or  counteraction  of  morbid  agencies  in 
the  blood. — Headland.     See  Catiilysis. 

CATALYTIC  FORCE,  see  Catalysis. 

CATAMENIA,  Menses — c.  Alba,  Leucorrhoea. 

CATAME'NIAL,  Catamenia'lis,  3fen'strual, 
Men'struus,  Men'struous,  (F.)  3lenstruel,  from 
Kcira,  and  fit^v,  'a  month.'  Appertaining  or  rela- 
ting to  (he  catamcnia. 

CATAMENIORUM  FLUXUS  IMMODICUS, 
Menorrhagia, 

CATANANCE.  Cichorium  intybus. 

CATANGELOS,  Ruseus. 

CATANTLE'MA,  Catantle'sis,  from  koto, 
'upon,'  and  avr^au),  '  I  pour.'  Cateone'sis  and 
('attfone'sis.  Ablution  with  warm  water.  A  fo- 
mentation.—  Moschion,  Marcellus  Empiricus. 

CATAPAS'MA,  from  Karanaaaia,  '  I  sprinkle.' 
Catapas'tum,  Consper'sio,  Epipas'ton,  Pasma, 
SumiiaH'nia,  Empns'ma,  Dinpas'nia,  Xer'ion,  As- 
per'sin,  Epispas'tuni,  I'nlris  asjyerso'rius.  A  com- 
pound medicine,  in  the  form  of  powder,  employed 
by  the  ancients  to  sprinkle  on  ulcers,  absorb  per- 
spiration. Ac.— Paulus  of  iEgina. 

CATAPH'ORA,  'a  fall,'  from  Karaificpw,  'I 
throw  down.'     A  state   resembling  sleep,   with 


privation  of  feeling  and  voice.  Somnolency. 
According  to  others,  Cataphora  is  simply  a  pro- 
found sleep,  which  it  is  difficult  to  rouse  from^ 
in  this  sense  being  synonymous  with  Sopor. 

CATAruoRA  Coma,  see  Apoplexy  —  c.  Ilydro- 
eephalica,  see  Apoplexy  —  c.  Cymini,  Theriaca 
Londinensis — c.  Magnetica,  Somnambulism,  ma-r- 
netic.  ° 

CATAPHRAC'TA,  Cataphrac'les,  a  Cuirass, 
from  KaTa^pacodi,  '  I  fortify.'  A  name  given  by 
Galen  to  a  bandage  applied  round  the  thorax 
and  shoulders.     It  was  also  called  Qnadri'oa. 

CATAPIESIS,  Depression. 

CATAPINOSIS,  Absorption. 

CATAP'LASIS,  from  KiiTunXauaw,  'to  be- 
smear.' The  act  of  besmearing  or  overlaying 
with  plaster. 

CAT'A  PLASM,  Catapla»'ma,  Epiplas'- 
ma.  Poultice,  Puttixe,  (Prov.)  Pulsoj,  from 
<caTan-Xa(T(7£(i',  {kutii  and  -rXnanuv,  'to  form  or 
mould,')  'to  besmear.'  (F>)  Calaplasme.  A 
medicine  applied  externally,  under  the  form  of  a 
thick  pap.  Cataplasms  are  formed  of  various  in- 
gredients, and  for  different  objects.  They  may 
be  anodi/ne.  emottietif,  tonic,  atiliseplic,  irritatinq, 
Ac.  A  simple  poultice  acts  only  by  virtue  of  its 
warmth  and  moisture.  Mealy,  fatly  substances, 
leaves  of  plants,  certain  fruits,  crumb  of  bread, 
&c.,  are  the  most  common  bases.  The  chief  poul- 
tices which  have  been  officinal  are  the  following: 
— Anodyne  —  c.  Cicutaj,  c.  Digitalis.  Antiseptic 
— c.  Carbonis,  c.  Dauci,  c.  Fermenti,  c.  Acetosse, 
c.  Cumini.  Emollient — e.  Lini,  c.  Panis,  c.  Mali 
maturi.  Irritating — c.  Sinapis,  c.  Sodii  chloridi, 
c.  Quercfls  Marini.  Tonic  and  Astringent  —  c. 
Alum,  c.  Goulard,  c.  of  Roses. 

The  Parisian  Codex  had  some  other  officinal 
cataplasms  : — 1.  Cataplas'ma  anod'ijnum,  made  of 
poppy  and  hyoscyamus.  2.  Cataplas'ma  emolliens, 
made  of  meal  and  pulps.  .3.  Cataplas'ma  ad  sup- 
pnratio'neju  promoven'dam,  of  \>\i]p.s!iwd  basilicon. 
4.  Cataplas'ma  rubifa'ciens  vel  antijAeurit' iciiin, 
formed  of  pepper  and  vinegar. 

The  only  cataplasms,  the  preparation  of  which 
it  is  important  to  describe,  are  some  of  the  fol- 
lowing : — 

CATAPLAS^f,  Annsf,  Coagulum  Aluminosum  — • 
c.  of  Beer  grounds,  see  Cataplasma  Fermenti  — 
c.  Carrot,  Cataplasma  Dauci— c.  Charcoal,  Cata- 
plasma carbonis  ligni  —  c.  of  Chlorinated  Soda, 
Cataplasma  Soda9  chlorinate — c.  Flaxseed,  Cata- 
plasma Lini — e.  Hemlock,  Cataplasma  Conii — c. 
Ice,  see  Ice  —  c.  Linseed,  Cataplasma  Lini  —  c. 
Slippery  Elm,  Cataplasma  Ulmi — c.  Y'east,  Cata- 
plasma Fermenti. 

CATAPLASMA,  Cataplasm  — c.  Bynes,  see  C, 
Fermenti. 

Cataplas'ma  Carbo'nis,  Charcoal  Cataplasm 
or  poultice,  (F.)  Cataplasme  au  charbon.  Made 
by  adding  powdered  charcoal  to  a  common  cata- 
plasm,    tfsed  as  an  anti^septic  to  foul  ulcers,  <fee. 

Cataplas'ma  Coyi'j,  Ilemlocl-  Cataplasm,  made 
by  spreading  soft  Extract  of  Hemlock  on  a.  flax- 
seed poultice.     UscjI  in  malignant  painful  ulcers. 

Cataplas'ma  Dauci,  Carrot  Cataplasm  or 
poultice.  Made  by  boiling  the  root  of  the  Carrot 
until  it  is  soft  enough  to  form  a  poultice.  Used 
in  fetid  ulcers. 

Cataplasma  F^cul^  Cerevisi.e,  see  C.  Fer- 
menti. 

Cataplas'ma  FEnsiF.yT'i.C.  efferres'cens.  Yeast 
Cataplasm  or  })oult ire,  (F.)  Cataplasme  de  Levnre. 
(Take  of  u-heaten  flour,  tbj  ;  veaxt  and  water,  fia, 
f5v.  Expose  to  a  gentle  heat.)  It  is  antiseptic, 
and  a  good  application  to  bruises.  A  Cataplasm 
of  Beer  Grounds,  Cataplasma  Fce'cula  Cerevis' i(r., 
C.  Bynes,  is  used  in  the  same  cases. 

Cataplas'ma  Lim,  Linseed  or  Flaxseed  Cata- 
plasm, (F.)  Cataplasme  de  farine  de  Lin,  Cata- 


CATAFLASME 


176 


CATARACT 


plaume  cotumun,  made  by  mixing  boiling  water 
with  Ihineed  meal,  is  an  excellent  emollient. 

Catai'LAs'ma  Sina'i'is,  6'.  Sina'peos,  Sin'a- 
pism,  Moxtitrd  C>it<ij>l<i«»i,  poii/lice  or  plaster,  (P.) 
Catnpl'iKiiie  lie  J/aiilard  ou  Siiinpisme.  {Mu/ttiird 
and  Unneed  meal  or  vtenl,  aa,  ecju.'il  parts;  warm 
vinegar  or  water,  q.  s.)  A  rubefacient  and  stimu- 
lant applied  to  the  soles  of  the  feet  in  coma,  low 
typhus,  etc.,  as  well  as  to  the  pained  part  in  rheu- 
matism, &c. 

Catai'LAS'ma  Sod^  Chlorina't.?:,  Cataplasm 
of  Clilo'riiiated  Soda.  Made  by  adding  solution  of 
chlorinated  soda  to  a  conuwon  Jiaxseed  cataplasm. 
Applied  to  foul,  offensive  ulcers. 

Cataplas'ma  Ulmi,  Slippery  Elm  poultice,  is 
made  by  adding  boiling  water  to  the  powdered 
bark  of  Ulmus  fnlva,  stirring  constantly.  It  is  a 
light,  agreeable  cataplasm. 

CATAl'LASME,  Cataplasm  —  c.  an  Charhon, 
Cataplas-ina  carbonis  ligni — c.  de  Farine  de  Lin, 
Cataplasma  lini.      , 

CATAPLEX'IS,  .S'^»/jor,  from  ifora,  and  irXfjffffo), 
'I  strike.'  The  act  of  striking  with  amazement. 
Appearance  of  astonishment,  as  exhibited  by  the 
eyes  in  particular.     See  Ilcemodia. 

CATAPOSIS,  Deglutition. 

CATAPOTIA.  Pilula. 

CATAPOTION,  Pilula. 

CATAPSYX'IS.from  KaTa<^vx'^,''^reh'^gera\^.' 
Peripstjx'is.  Considerable  coldness  of  the  body, 
without  rigor  undliorripilatio. — Galen.  Per/riv'- 
tio.  Coldness  in  the  extreme  parts  of  the  limbs. 
— Hippocrates. 

CATAPTO'SIS,  Deciden'tia,  a  fall.  This  word, 
at  times,  expresses  the  fall  of  a  patient,  attacked 
with  epilepsy  or  apo]ilexy ;  at  others,  the  sudden 
resolution  of  a  paralytic  limb. 

CATAPULTA  YIRILIS,  Penis. 

CATAPUTIA  MINOR,  Euphorbia  lathyris, 
Eicinus  comuiunis. 

CAT'ARACT,  Catarac'ta,  Catarrhac'ta,  Snffa'- 
sio  Oc'n/i,  S.  Lentis  crt/stall'incB,  Plitharnia  cata- 
rac'ta, Cali'go  lentis,  Gutta  opa'ca,  IJi/poc'liytna, 
Hu'poc'hysis,  Hopoph'ysis,  Pliacoscoto'ma,  Paro})'- 
ais  catarac'ta,  Glaneo'ma  Woidhou'si,  from  Kara- 
paoaciv,  (kiitii  and  paaaciv,)  'to  tumble  down.'  A 
deprivation  of  sight,  which  comes  on  as  if  a  veil 
fell  before  the  eyes.  Cataract  consists  in  opacity 
of  the  crystalline  lens  or  its  capsule,  which  pre- 
vents the  p.assage  of  the  rays  of  light,  and  pre- 
cludes vision.  The  causes  are  obscure.  Diag- 
nosis. —  The  patient  is  blind,  the  pu))!!  seems 
closed  by  an  opake  body,  of  variable  colour,  but 
commonly  whitish  :  —  the  pupil  contracting  and 
dilating.  Cataracts  have  been  divided,  by  some, 
into  spurious  and  genuine.  The  firmer,  where 
the  obstacle  to  vision  is  between  the  capsule  of 
the  lens  and  the  uvea:  the  latter,  where  it  is  in 
the  lens  or  capsule.  A  lenticular  cataract  is 
where  the  affection  is  seated  in  the  lens ; — a  cap- 
sular or  membranous,  in  the  capsule.  The  cap- 
sular is  divided  again,  by  Beer,  into  the  anterior, 
posterior,  and  complete  capsular  cataract.  When 
the  capsule  is  rendered  opake,  in  consequence 
of  an  injury,  which  cuts  or  ruptures  any  part  of 
it,  it  thickens,  becomes  leathery,  and  has  been 
called  Catarac'ta  arida  siliquo'sn.  Catarac'ta 
Jforgagnia'na  lactea  sen  purifor'mis  is  the  milky 
variety,  in  which  the  crystalline  is  transformed 
into  a  liquid  similar  to  milk,  (F.)  Cataracte  lai- 
teuse  ;  or,  as  generally  defined,  in  which  there  is 
opacity  of  the  fluid  situate  between  the  lens  and 
its  capsule.  The  cap'sulo-lentic'ular  affects  both 
lens  and  capsule,  {Achrystidlodiaphanie,  Adia- 
phanie  periclirystaltique — Piorry,)and  Beer  con- 
ceives the  liquor  Morgagni,  in  an  altered  state, 
may  contribute  to  it.  Cataracts  are  also  called 
hard,  soft  {Pliacomaln'cia,),  stony,  (F.  pierreuse,) 
milky  or  cheesy  (laiteuse  ou  cuseuse,),  Galactocata- 


rac'ta,  Catarac'ta  lactic'vlor,  according  to  their 
density  :  —  white,  pearly,  yellow,  brown,  gray, 
green,  black,  (F.)  blanche,  perlt'e,  Jnune.  bnine, 
grise,  verte,  noire,  uccording  to  their  colour:  — 
fjed  or  vacillating  —  catarac'ta  capsulo-lenticii. 
la'ris  fjca  vel  trem'ula,  {¥.)  fjre  ou  branlnntc, 
according  as  they  are  fixed  or  movable  behimi 
the  pupil.  They  are  likewise  called  Catana-'ta; 
marmora'cice,  fenestra'tcp,  stella'lw,  pnnvlo'tcr, 
dimidia'tw,  <fec.,  according  to  the  appearances 
they  present. 

They  may  be  simjjle,  or  complicated  wiih 
adhesion,  amaurosis,  specks,  <tc.  ;  and  jirimanj 
or  primitive,  when  opake  before  the  oi)erati(jn; — 
secondary,  when  the  opacity  is  the  result  of  the 
operation. 

The  following  classification  of  cataracts  is  by 
M.  Desmarres : — 

Class  I. —  True  Cataracts. 


a.   Lenticular 
Cataracts. 


Hard. 


Soft. 


h.  Capsular 

Cataracts. 

c.  Capsulo- 

ventricular 

Cataracts. 

d.   Secondary 
Cataracts. 


Green. 
Black. 
Osseous. 
Stony  or  chalky. 
("Striated. etiolated, 
barred,    fleliis- 
cent,  with  three 
branches,  Ac. 
■\  Disseminated,  or 
dotted. 
Congenital. 
Traumatic. 
Glaucomatous, 
Morgagnian,    or 
,       interstitial. 
I  Cystic,  purulent, 
[    "fetid. 
Shaking,  or  float- 
ing. 
Luxated. 
Pyramidal  or  ve- 

gctant. 
Arid  siliquose. 
All  the  varieties  of  lenticular  and 
capsular  Cataracts. 

r  Lenticular. 

<  Capsular. 

(  Capsulo-lenticular. 


Liquid. 

Other    varie- 
ties,soft,hard, 
_  or  liquid. 

Anterior. 
Posterior. 


Class  II. — False  Cataracts. 

Fibrinous. 
Purulent. 
Sanguineous. 
Pigmentous. 

Cataract  is  commonly  a  disease  of  elderly  indi- 
viduals, although,  not  unfrequently,  congcn'ital. 
It  forms  slowly;  objects  are  at  first  seen  as 
through  a  mist;  light  bodies  appear  to  fly  before 
the  eyes,  and  it  is  not  until  after  months  or  years 
that  the  sight  is  wholly  lost.  No  means  will  ob- 
viate the  evil  except  an  ojjeration,  which  consists 
in  removing  the  obstacle  to  the  pass^agc  of  the 
light  to  the  retina.  Four  chief  methods  are  em- 
ployed for  this  purpose.  1.  Couching  or  Depres- 
sion, Hyalonix'is,  Hyidonyx'is,  (F.)  Abaissemevi, 
Deplacement  de  la  Cataracte.  This  Consists  in 
passing  a  cataract  needle  through  the  sclerotica 
and  subjacent  membranes,  a  little  above  the 
transverse  diameter  of  the  eye ;  and  at  about  twi) 
lines'  distance  from  the  circumferance  of  the 
transparent  cornea,  until  the  point  arrives  in  the 
posterior  chamber  of  the  e)'e.  With  this  the 
crystalline  is  depressed  to  the  outer  and  lower 
part  of  the  globe  of  the  eye,  where  it  is  left. 
2.  By  absorption,  —  by  the  French  termed  Iroie- 
ment  or  bruising.  This  is  performed  in  the  same 
manner  as  the  former;  except  that,  instead  of 


CATARACTA 


177 


CATARTISMUS 


turnin<;  the  crystalline  from  the  axis  of  the  visual 
rays,  it  is  divided  by  the  cutting  edge  of  the 
needle,  and  its  fragments  are  scattered  in  the 
humours  of  the  eye,  where  they  are  absorbed. 
3.  liji  cjclitn-tioii,  which  consists  in  opening,  with 
a  particular  kind  of  knife,  the  transparent  cornea 
and  the  anterior  portion  of  the  capsule  of  the 
crystalline  ;  and  causing  the  lens  to  issue  through 
the  aperture.  Each  of  the  processes  has  its  ad- 
vantages and  disadvantages,  and  all  are  used  by 
surgeons.  4.  Some,  again,  pass  a  cataract  needle 
through  the  transparent  cornea  and  pupil  to  the 
crystalline,  and  depress  or  cause  its  absorption. 
This  is  called  Ceratonyxis.  See,  also,  Reclination. 
Cataract,  Black,  Amaurosis  —  c.  Capsular, 
Bee  Cataract — v.  Capsulo-lenticular,  see  Cataract 

—  c.  Central,  Centradiaphanes  —  c.  Cheesj',  see 
Cataract  —  c.  Congenital,  see  Cataract  —  c.  Com- 
plicated, see  Cataract — c.  Fi.xed,  see  Cataract  — 
c.  Genuine,  see  Cataract — c.  Hard,  see  Cataract 

—  0.  Lenticular,  see  Cataract  —  c.  Membranous, 
see  Cataract — c.  Milky,  see  Cataract  —  c.  Opake, 
see  Cataract — c.  Primary,  see  Cataract. — e.  Primi- 
tive, see  Cataract — c.  Secondary,  see  Cataract — 
e.  Simple,  see  Cataract — e.  Soft,  see  Cataract — e. 
Spurious,  see  Cataract  —  o.  Stony,  see  Cataract — 
c.  Vacillating,  see  Cataract. 

CATARACTA,  Cataract  —  c.  Arida  siliquosa, 
see  Cataract  —  c.  Capsulo-lenticularis,  see  Cata- 
ract— c.  Centralis,  Centradiaphanes  —  c.  Dimidi- 
ata,  see  Cataract  —  c.  L'enestrata,,  see  Cataract  — 
c.  Glauca,  Glaucoma — c.  Lacticolor,  see  Cataract 

—  c.  Liquida,  Hygrocataracta  —  c.  Marmoracea, 
see  Cataract  —  c.  Morgagniana,  see  Cataract — c. 
Nigra,  Amaurosis — c.  Punctata,  see  Cataract — c. 
Stellata,  see  Cataract. 

CATA/tACTt;,  ABAISSEMENT  DE LA,  see 
Cataract — c.  niunche,  see  Cataract — c.  liraidnHte, 
see  Cataract — c.  Jlrnne,  see  Cataract — c.  Uaseiise, 
see  Cataract — c.  Deplticeiiietit  de  hi,  see  Cataract 
— c.  FUe,  see  Cataract — c.  (irine,  see  Cataract — 
c.  Jdiine,  sec  Cataract — c.  Ldi'leime,  see  Cataract 

—  c.  \oire,  Amaurosis,  see  Cataract  —  c.  Periee, 
see  Cataract — c.  /'ierreuse,  see  Cataract — c.  Verte, 
see  Cataract. 

CATARACTE  (F.),  Catarac'fiis,  Catamc.'td 
vttia'tiiH.  One  alTocted  with  cataract.  The  French 
tise  this  term,  both  for  the  eye  affected  with  cata- 
ract and  the  patient  himself. 

CATARIA,  see  Nepeta — c.  Vulgaris,  Nepeta. 

CATAHRir,  Ottar'rhnx.  Git.n-'rlwpwi,  C«tar- 
rheu'mn,  Ji/ienmii,  JJejhix'in,  Caldstny'iiKt,  Phlcg- 
matorrh(tii''ia,I'hle(/matorrIi(r'(i,  from  Kara,  'down- 
wards,' and  peu),  '  I  flow.'  A  discharge  of  fluid 
from  a  raucous  membrane.  The  ancients  consi- 
dered catarrh  as  a  simple  flux,  and  not  as  an  in- 
flammation. Generally'  it  partakes  of  this  cha- 
racter, however.  Catarrh  is,  with  us,  usually 
restricted  to  inflammation  of  the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  air-passages :  the  French  extend  it 
to  that  of  all  mucous  membranes;  (F.)  Flux 
viuqneux,  F/ii.rion  cntarrhale. 

Catarrh,  in  the  English  sense,  JironcTto  catnr'- 
rhus,  PiiI'mniHiry  Catarrh,  Lmuj  fever  (vul- 
garly), Hheiima  Pec'toris,  Dentilla'tio  Pec'toris, 
Catar'rhii.1  Prc'toris,  C.  Pii/ino'num,  0.  Piilmo- 
na'tis,  C.  Broiichia'lis,  Jileiitiop'li/sis,  Ttis'sin  ca- 
tarrha'liK  simp/ex,  Grnve'du  (of  many),  Febris 
Catarrha'lln,  P/eiiiiotho'rax,  lironchi'tis,  Catar'- 
rhiis  ,1  Fri'yore,  a  C-dd,  (Prov.)  (Jooth,  (F.)  Ca- 
tarrhe  pu/monaire,  Fierre  t'atarrhale,  llhiitne  de 
Poitrine,  is  a  superficial  inflammation  of  the  mu- 
cous follicles  of  tlie  trachea  and  bronchi.  It  is  com- 
monly an  affection  of  but  little  consequence,  but 
apt  to  relapse  and  become  chronic.  It  is  charac- 
terized by  cough,  thirst,  lassitude,  fever,  watery 
eyes,  witii  increased  secretion  of  mucus  from  the 
air-passages.  The  antiphlogistic  regimen  and 
time  usually  remove  it.  Sometimes,  the  inflam- 
12 


mation  of  the  bronchial  tubes  is  so  great  as  to 
prove  fatal. 

Catarrh,  Acute,  of  the  Uterus,  see  Metri- 
tis—  c.  Chronic,  Bronchitis,  (chronic)  —  o.  Dry, 
see  Bronchitis  —  c.  Pulmonarj',  Bronchitis,  Ca- 
tarrh— c.  Rose,  Fever,  hay — c.  Suffocating  ner- 
vous, Asthma  Thymicum  —  c.  Summer,  Fever, 
hay. 

Catarrh',  Epidem'ic,  Catar'rhus  ept'dem'icus, 
C.  d  conta'gio,  Rhenma  epideni' ioini.  Catarrh 
prevailing  owing  to  some  particular  Constitntlo 
aerh,  and  affecting  a  whole  country, — Influenza. 

CATARRIIACTA,  Cataract. 

CATAR'RHAL,  Catarrha'Ui,,  Catarrlio'icns, 
Cotarrfio'it't'citJi,  Catarrhoct'icits.  Relating  to 
catarrh, — as  Catarrhal  Fever. 

CATARRHE  AIGUH  DE  L'UTERUS,  see 
Metritis — c.  Buccal,  Aphtha;  —  c.  Cvnvnlsire. 
Bronchitis — c.  Oastriqiie,  Gastritis— c.  Gtittnrul, 
Cynanche  tonsillaris  —  c.  Intestinal,  Diarrhoea  — 
c.  Larynr/ien,  Laryngitis  —  c.  Nasal,  Corj'za  — 
c.  Oculaire,  Ophthalmia  —  c.  de  V Oreille,  Otir-' 
rhoea — c.  Pharyngien,  Cynanche  parotidea  —  c. 
Pituiteux,  Bronchorrhoea  —  c.  Pidmanaire,  Ca- 
tarrh— c.  Sec ;  see  Bronchitis — c.  Stomacal,  Gas- 
trorrhoea  —  c.  Uterin,  Leucorrhoea  —  c.  Ve'sicul, 
Cystorrhoea. 

CATARRHEC'TICA,  from  Karappriyvviii,  'I 
break  down.'  Remedies  considered  ]irin)er  for 
evacuating;  —  as  diuretics,  cathartics,  Ac. — Hip- 
pocrates. 

CATARRIIEUMA,  Catarrh. 

CATARRJIEUX  (F.)  Catarrho'sus.  One  sub- 
ject to  catarrh  ;  affected  with  catarrh. 

CATARRHEX'IA,  Catarrhcx'is ;  same  ety- 
mon as  Catarrheclica.  The  action  of  Catarrhec- 
ticji.     Also,  effusion;   evacuation  of  the  bowels. 

CATARRHEXIS,  Catarrhexia,  Excrement— c. 
Vera,  JLemator^hezia. 

CATARRHffiA,  Rheumatism. 

CATARRIIOKT'ICUS,  from  KOTappcu,.  'I  flow 
from.'  An  epithet  for  disease  produced  by  a 
discharge  of  phlegm;  catarrhal. 

CATAR'RIIOPA  PIIY'MATA,  from  Karappo- 
-oj,  Karapiiuma,  '  sloping  downwards.'  Tubercles 
tending  downwards,  or  with  their  apices  down- 
wards. 

CATARRIIOPHK.  Absorption. 

CATARRHOPUESIS,  Absorption. 

CATARRHO'PIA,  Catar'rhysi«,  from  Kara, 
'downwards,' and  (/or»?,  '  inclination.'  An  afflux 
of  fluids  towards  the  inferior  parts,  and  especi- 
ally towards  the  viscera  of  the  abdomen.  The 
Greek  word  avappoiria  expresses  an  opposite  phe- 
nomenon, or  a  tendency  towards  the  upper  parts. 

CATARRHOPUS,  Catarrh. 

CATARRHOS'CIIESIS,  from  Karappoi,  'ca- 
tarrh,' and  axtati,  'suppression.'  The  suppres- 
sion of  a  mucous  discharge. 

CATARRHUS,  Defluxion,  Tussis— c.  Jilstivus, 
fever,  hay  —  c.  Bellinsulanus,  Cynanche  paroti- 
da}a  —  c.  Bronchialis,  Catarrh  —  c.  P)ronchioium, 
Bronchitis — c.  a  Contagio,  Influenza  —  c.  Epi- 
demicus.  Influenza,  Catarrh,  epidemic  —  c.  Geni- 
talium,  Leucorrhoea  —  c.  GonorrhtX'a,  Gonorrhoea 
—  c.  Intestinalis,  Diarrhoea  —  c.  Laryngeus,  La- 
ryngo-catarrhus — c.  ad  Nares,  Coryza — c.  Nasa- 
lis,  Coryza  —  c.  Pulmonalis,  Catarrh  —  e.  Pulnio- 
num.  Bronchitis,  Catarrh — c.  Senilis,  Bronchitis, 
(chronic) — e.  Suft'ocativus  Barbadensis,  C.  traehe- 
alis — c.  Trachealis,  Laryngo-catarrlius  —  c.  Ure- 
thr<TB,  Gonorrhoea'  pura  —  c.  Urelhralis,  Gonor- 
rhoea— c.  Vesica;,  Cystorrhoea. 

CATARRHYSIS,  Catarrhopia,  Defluxion. 

CATARTISIS,  Catartismus. 

CAT.\RTIS'MUS,  Catar'lisis.  from  Karapn^ctr, 
'to  repair,  replace.'  The  coaptation  of  a  luxated 
or  fractured  bone,  or  hernia. 


CATASARC.\ 


178 


catochE 


CATASARCA,  Anasarca. 
CATASCEUE,  Structure. 

CATASCHASMUS,  Bloodletting,  Scarification. 
CATASTAGMUS,  Catarrh,  Coryza. 
CATASTALAGMUS,  Coryza,  Distillation. 

CATASTALTICA,  Haematostatica,  Sedatives, 
Styptics. 

CATAS'TASIS,  from  Ka^iarrint,  '1  establish.' 
The  constitution,  state,  condition,  <tc.,  of  any 
thing.  —  Hippocrates.  Abo,  the  reduction  of  a 
bone.     See  Constitution,  and  Habit  of  Body. 

CATAT'ASIS,  from  Kuraravu,  'I  extend.'  Ex- 
tension.  The  extension  and  reduction  of  a  frac- 
tured limb. — Hippocrates. 

CATATHLIPSIS,  Oppression. 

CATAWBA  TREE,  Catalpa. 

CATAXIS,  Fracture. 

CATCn  FLY,  Apocynum  androscemifolium, 
Silene  Virginica. 

CATCHING,  see  Contagious. 

CATCHUP,  Ketchup. 

CAT'ECHU.  The  extract  of  the  wood  of 
Aca'cia  seu  jVimo'sa  Cat'echn,  CncBt'chu,  and  of 
the  leaves  of  Nan'ch<i  seu  Uuca'ria  (jnmhir,  ori- 
ental trees.  The  drug  is  also  called  Ejctrac'tum 
Catechu^  Terra  Jajioii' ic(i,  Japan  Earth,  Cmclien, 
Caduhii,  Cashoic,  Caitchu,  Uantjoc,  Cacan,  Cate, 
Kanth,  Citti,  Ciitch,  Cuxrn,  Queens  Japou'ictin, 
(Jamhir,  (F.)  Cnchou.  It  is  a  powerful  astringent, 
and  is  used  in  diarrhoea,  intestinal  hemorrhage, 
Ac.     Dose,  gr.  xv  to  ,^ss,  in  powder. 

Cathciiii,  SQt'AUE,  sce  Nauclea  gambir. 

CATEIAD'ION,  from  Kara,  and  ua,  'a  blade  of 
grass.'  A  long  instrument  thrust  into  the  nostrils 
to  e.xcite  hemorrhage  in  headach. — Aretaeus. 

CATENAE  MUSCULUS,  Tibialis  anticus. 

CATEONESIS,  Catantlema. 

CATGUT,  Galega  Virginiana. 

CATHiE'RESIS,  KaOaifjean,  '  subtraction,  di- 
minution.' Extenuation  or  exhaustion,  owing  to 
forced  exercise.  —  Hippocrates.  The  action  of 
catheretics. 

CATHJERETICUS,  Catheretic. 

CATHARETICUS,  Cathartic. 

CATHARISMOS,  Depuration. 

CATHAR'MA,  Pnryament'um.  The  matter 
evacuated  by  a  purgative,  or  by  spontaneous 
purging  :  also,  a  cathartic. 

CATHAR'MUS.  Same  etymon  ;  a  purgation. 
— Hippocrates.  Also,  the  cure  of  a  disease  by 
magic,  &c. 

CATHAR'SIS,  from  Ka&aipttv,  (xaQ'  and  aipciv, 
'to  take  away,')  'to  purge.'  Purrja'tio,  Apoca- 
thar'nis,  Copropho'ria,  Coprophore'sis.  A  natu- 
ral or  artificial  purgation  of  any  passage; — mouth, 
anus,  vagina,  &c. 

CATHAR'TIC,  Cathar'ticua,  Cathare'ticns, 
Cathnr'ma,  Coj>rocrit'icum,  Cuprarjo'yvm,  Liistra- 
wen'tum,  Purc/ans  medicament' urn,  Trichlliiim, 
Dejecto'rium  Jiemed'ium,  Eccathar'ticiis,  Hypucti- 
cus,  HypocJtorct'iciia,  Alvnm  evac'nans,  Hypel'atoH, 
Lopac'tieiis,  Apocathar'tictis.  Same  etymon.  (F.) 
Cathartiqne.  A  medicine  which,  when  taken  in- 
ternally, increases  the  number  of  alvine  evacua- 
tions. Some  substances  act  upon  the  upper  part 
of  the  intestinal  canal,  as  calomel  and  colocynth  ; 
others,  on  the  lower  part,  as  aloes ;  and  some  on 
the  whole  extent,  as  saline  purgatives.  Hence  a 
choice  may  be  necessary.  Cathartics  are  divided 
into  purgatives  and  laxatives.  The  following  is 
a  list  of  the  chief  cathartics  : 

Aloe,  Cassia  Marilandica,  Coloeynthis,  Elate- 
rium,  Gambogia,  Hydrargyri  Ch^oridum  mite, 
Hydrargyri  Oxydum  nigrum,  Hydrarg.  cum 
Magnesia,  Jalapa,  Jughins,  Magnesia,  Magnesiae 
Carbonas,  Magnesiae  Sulphas.  Manna,  Mannita, 
Oleum  Euphorbia)  Lathyridis,  Oleum  Ricini, 
Oleum  Tiglii,  Podophyllum.  Potassse  Acetas,  Po- 
tassae  Bisulphas,  Potassjc  Sulphas,  Potassae  Bi- 


tartras,  PotassoB  Tnrtras,  Rheum,  Scammonium, 
Senna,  Sinnpis,  Soda3  et  Potassas  Tartras,  Siid» 
Phosphas,  Sodie  Sulphas,  Sodii  Chloriduiii,  Suj. 
phur,  Veratria,  Aquas  Minerales  Sulphurea;  et 
Salina\  Eiioniata,  Suppositoria. 

CATHARTIN,  see  Cassia  Senna,  and  Con. 
volvulus  jalapa. 

CA  T/IA li 7'/ QUE,  Cathartic. 

CATHARTOCARPUS,  Cassia  fistula. 

CATHEDRA.  Anus. 

CATHEMERINUS,  Quotidian. 

CATHEMERUS,  Quotidian. 

CATHERET'IC,  Catharet'icus,  Erhjht'icvt, 
Sarcoph' ay  IIS,  froTn  KaSatpeta,  'to  eat,' '  destroy,' 
Substiinces  applied  to  warts,  exuberant  granula- 
tions, itc,  to  cat  them  down.     Jffi/d  cuiiKiica. 

CATU'ETER,  from  Ka&iv/xt  (kuO',  and  itjin,  'to 
send,')  '  I  explore.'  jEne'a,  Al'ffulie,  Alynlic, 
Cathete'ris,  Demissor,  Immia'sor.  A  hollow  tube, 
introduced  by  surgeons  into  the  urinary  bladder, 
for  the  purpose  of  drawing  ofl'  the  urine.  Cathe- 
ters are  made  of  silver  or  elastic  gum.  See  Bougie. 
The  French  generally  use  the  word  catheter  fur 
the  solid  sound  or  staff;  and  alyalie  and  «oiirfe 
fur  the  hollow  instrument. 

Catheteh,  Nasal.  An  instrument,  invented 
by  M.  Gensoul,  of  Lyons,  for  catheterizing  the 
ductus  ad  nasum.  It  is  hook-shaped;  the  extre- 
mity, bent  at  a  right  angle,  is  about  an  inch  in 
length,  suited  to  the  distance  of  the  lower  orifice 
of  the  duct  from  the  nostril,  and  likewise  to  the 
length  and  form  of  the  duct,  with  a  slight  spiral 
turn. 

CATHETERIS,  Catheter. 

CATHETERISIS,  Catheterismus. 

CATHETEKIS'MUS,  Cathete'riaia,  Calheteri- 
sa'tio,  Cath'eterism,  Catheteriza'tion,  Immia'no 
Cathete'ris,  same  etymon.  The  introduction  of  a 
catheter  or  sound  into  a  natural  passage,  as 
through  the  urethra  into  the  bladder  or  into  the 
Eustachian  tube,  larynx,  <fec.  Also,  probing  a 
wound.     Melosis. 

CATHETERIZATION,  Catheterismus. 

CATH'ETERIZE.  To  perform  the  oper-ition 
of  catheterism, — in  other  words,  to  introduce  the 
catheter:  to  probe  or  sound  a  cavity. 

CATHID'RYSIS,  from  Ka^iipvw,  '  I  place  to- 
gether.'  Reduction  of  a  part  to  its  natural  situation. 

CATHMIA,  Plumbi  oxydum  semi-vitreum. 

CATHMIR.  Calamina. 

CATH'ODIC,  Cathod'icus;  from  Ka6\  'down- 
wards,'  and  b&os,  'a  way.'  An  epithet  applied  by 
Dr.  Marshall  Hall  to  a  downward  course  of  ner- 
vous action. 

CATH'OLIC  HUMOURS,  (F.)  Hnmeura  (la- 
tholiqiies,  are  the  fluids  spread  over  the  whole 
body. 

CATHOLICON,  Panacea. 

Cathol'kon  Duplex.  An  ancient  purging 
electuary,  chiefly  composed  of  cassia,  tamarinds, 
rhubarb,  senna,  &c. 

CATIL'LIA.     A  weight  of  nine  ounces. 

CATILLUS,  Cup. 

CATINUS  FUSORIUS,  Crucible. 

CATLING,  Knife,  double-edged. 

CATNEP,  Nepeta  Cataria. 

CATO,  KUTu),  'below,'  'beneath.'  ..his  word, 
in  the  writings  of  Jlippocrates,  is  often  u.^cd  for 
the  abdomen,  especially  the  intestines.  Wheri  he 
advises  a  remedy  kutw,  he  means  a  purgative; 
when  avu),  'above  or  upwards,'  an  emetic.  As  * 
prefix,  Cato  means  'beneath,'  as  in 

C  A  T  0  C  A  T  H  A  R'T  I  C,  Catocathar'ticM.ftoa 
Kane,  'downwards,'  and  xu^atpo),  'I  purge.'  A 
medicine  which  purges  downwards.  One  that 
produces  alvine  evacuations.  ?he  antithesis  to 
Anacathartic. 

CATOCHA_GALENr,  Catalepsy. 
CAT'OCIIE,  Cat'ocheie,  Cat'ochm,  from  WX"' 


CATOCIIUS 


179 


CAULORRIIAGIA 


'T  retain,'  'I  hold  fast.'  This  word  has,  by  some, 
liccn  used  synonymously  with  Catalepsy;  by 
others,  with  Coma  vigil;  by  others,  with  Tetanus. 

CATOCIIUS.  Catoche,  Ecstasis  —  c.  Cervinus, 
Tetanus— c.  Ilolotoiiicus,  Tetanus — c.  Infantum, 
Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 

CATOMIS'MOS,  from  Karin,  'beneath,'  and 
<i>lio(,  'shoulder;'  Siibliumern'lio.  A  mode  with 
the  ancients  of  reducing  luxation  of  the  humerus 
by  raising  the  body  by  the  arm.— Paulus  of  ^gina. 

CATOI'TER,  Speculum. 

CATOP'TRIC,  Catop'tnciix,  (F.)  Cntoptrique, 
from  KuTotTTfiii  or  KaTonrpov,  'a  mirror.'  Relating 
or  appertaining  to  Catoptrics  or  the  reflection  of 
light. 

Catop'tric  Examination  of  the  Eye.  When 
a  lighted  candle  is  held  before  the  eye,  the 
pupil  of  which  has  been  dilated  by  belladonna, 
three  images  of  it  are  seen  —  two  erect,  and 
one  inverted : — the  former  owing  to  reflection 
from  the  cornea  and  anterior  surface  of  the  crys- 
talline; the  latter  owing  to  reflection  from  the 
posterior  layer  of  the  crystalline  inverted,  and 
between  the  other  two.  This  mode  of  examining 
the  eye  has  been  proposed  as  a  means  of  diagno- 
sis between  cataract  and  amaurosis.  In  the  laUer, 
all  the  images  are  seen. 

CATOPTROMANCY,    from     Karonrpov,    (Kara, 
iinii  orrroiiai),  'a  mirror,'  and  ftavrcia,  'divination.' 
A  kind  of  divination  by  means  of  a  mirror 
CATOPTRON,  Speculum. 

CATORCHI'TES.     A  kind  of  sour  wine,  pre- 
pared with  the  orchis  and  black  grape,  or  dried 
figs.    It  was  formerly  employed  as  a  diuretic  and 
eairaenagogue.— Dioscorides.    Called,  also,  Si/ci'- 
tei. — Galen. 
CATORRTTCUS,  Purgative. 
CATOTERICUS,  Purgative. 
CATO'TICA,  from  Knru,.  'beneath.'     Diseases 
infecting  internal  surfaces.     Pravity  of  the  fluids 
or  emunctories,  that  open  on  the  internal  surfaces 
of  organs.     The  second  order  in  the  class  Eccri- 
tkn  of  (jood. 

CATOX'YS,  Peracn'ttm,  from  Kara,  'an  inten- 
pi^ve,'  and  ofuj,  'acute.'  Highly  acute;  as  JIforOus 
Vutoxt/D,  M.  Peracu'tuH,  a  very  acute  disease. 

CATS'  EYP;.     A  name,  under  which   several 
morbid  conditions  of  the   eye  would   appear  to 
have  been  confounded — all  agreeing,  however,  in 
presenting  an  opalescent  appearance  of  the  pupil 
or  of  the  bottom  of  the  eye ;  those  parts  reflect- 
ingthe  light  in  various  colours,  or,  at  least,  with 
various   degrees    of  intensity,  according  to   the 
direction  in  which  the  eye  is  turned.     This  ap- 
pearance was  compared  by  Beer  to  the  reflection 
from  the  tapetum  of  the  eye  of  the  cat.— Mac- 
kenzie. 
Cat's  eve.  Amaurotic,  see  Amaurotic. 
Cat's  foot,  Antennaria  dioica. 
Cat's  phhh,  Fi-emissemeut  Cataire. 
CATTAGATIMA,  Cambogia. 
CATTITEROS,  Tin. 
CATULOTICA,  Cicatrisantia. 
CATU'RUS    SPICIFLO'RUS,    (Karra,    Catiis, 
'a  cat.'  and  ovpa,  'tail,')   Ciiiuia  felix,  from  the 
Fhape  of  its  flowers.     Acal'yphn    hWpida.     An 
East  Indian  shrub.  Order,   Euphorbi.aceae  ;  used 
III  its  native  country,  in  decoction,  in  diarrhoea 
and  dysentery. 
CAtU-TRiPALI.  Piper  longum. 
CAUCALIS  CAROTA,  Daucus  carota— c.  Sa- 
nioula,  Sanicula. 
CAUCALOIDES,  Patella. 
CATCASIAN,  see  Homo. 
CAUCHEMAR.  Incubus. 
CAVCUHVIEfLLE,  Incubus. 
CAUCIIUC,  Cnoutchouc. 
CAUDA,  see  Clitorism,  Coccyx,  Penis. 


Cauda  Equi'.va.  The  spinal  marrow,  at  its 
termination,  about  the  second  lumbar  vertebra, 
gives  ofi'a  considerable  number  of  nerves,  which) 
when  unravelled,  resemble  a  horse's  tail ;  hence 
the  name;  (F.)  Queue  de  Chei-ul,  Q.  de  la  Moelle 
Epiniere.     See  Medulla  Spinalis. 

Cauda  Felis,  Caturus— c.f.  Agrestis,  Acalypha 
betulina. 

Cauda  Salax,  Penis. 

CAUDAL,  Caudate,  Cauda'lis,  Canda'tua;  from 
Cauda,  'a  tail.'     Relating  or  appertaining  to   a 
tail.     Having   a  tail   or  tail-like    appendage:— 
as  'caudal  OT  caudate  cells  or  corpuscles'  —  cells 
or  corpuscles  having  a  tail-like  appendage,  as  in 
cancerous  growths. 
CAUDATE,  Caudal. 
CAUDATIO,  Clitorism. 
CAUDATUS,  Bicaudatus. 
CAUDEX  CEREBRI,  Peduncles  of  the  brain. 
CAUDIEZ,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.     Cau- 
diez  IS  a  small  town,  nine  leagues  from  Perpig- 
nan,  in  France,  where  there  is  a  thermal  spring, 
containing  a  little  sulphate  of  soda  and  iron. 

CAUDLE,  Cowdel,  (F.)  Chaudcau,  from  chaud, 
'warm  or  hot.'  A  nourishing  gruel  given  to  wo- 
men during  the  childbed  state.  The  following  is 
a  form  for  it :  Into  a  pint  of  tine  gruel,  not  thick, 
put,  whilst  it  is  boiling  hot,  the  yolk  of  an  egg 
beaten  with  sugar,  and  mixed  with  a  large  spoon" 
ful  of  cold  water,  a  glass  of  wine,  and  nutmeg. 
Mix  the  whole  well  together.  Brandy  is  some- 
times substituted  for  the  wine,  and  lemon  peel 
or  capillaire  added.  It  is  also  sometimes  made 
of  gruel  and  beer,  with  sugar  and  nutmeg. 

CAUL,  from  (L.)  caula,  'a  fold,'  Pihis,  Pile'- 
olus.  Ga'lea,  Vitta,  (F.)  Coeffe,  Ooiffe  —  {£.u-e  ni 
coiffe—'Ui  be  born  with  a  caul.')  The  English 
Tiame  for  the  omentum.  When  a  child  is  born 
with  the  membranes  over  the  face,  it  is  said  to 
have  been  'born  with  a  caul.'  In  the  catalosrue 
of  superstitions,  this  is  one  of  the  favourable 
omens.  The  caul  itself  is  supposed  to  confer 
privileges  upon  the  possessor;  hence  the  mem- 
branes  are  dried,  and  sometimes  sold  for  a  high 
price.     See  Epiploon. 

CAULE'DON,  Uicye'don,  from  (cauXof,  'a  stalk,' 
A  transverse  fracture. 

CAU'LIFLOWER,  (G.)  Kohl,  'cabbage,'  and 
Jlotrer  [?],  Brassica  Florida. 

Cauliflower  Exchescence,  (F.)  Chnujievr. 
An  excrescence,  which  appears  about  the  origin 
of  the  mucous  membranes,  chiefly  about  the  anus 
and  vulva,  and  which  resembles,  in  appearance, 
the  head  of  the  cauliflower.  It  is  often  syphilitic 
in  its  character. 

Cauliflower  Excrescence  of  the  Uterus, 
Ifetrohot'ri/fes.  A  morbid  growth  from  a  part, 
or  the  whole,  of  the  circumference  of  tfie  os 
uteri;  and,  at  times,  from  the  surface  of  the 
cavity  of  the  uterus.  It  is  doubtful  whether  its 
progress  can  be  arrested  except  by  excision. 
CAULIS,  Penis — c.  Florida,  Brassica  Florida. 
CAULOPIIYL'LUM  TIIALICTROI'DES, 
(KavXoi,  'a  stalk  or  stem,'  and  (pvWov.  'a  leaf;'  so 
called  because  the  leaf-stalks  appear  like  a  con- 
tinuation of  the  stem.)  Leou'tke  thalictroi'den, 
lilueherry  Cohosh,  Cohosh,  Cohush,  Blue  Cohosh, 
niueberri/.  Papoose  Hoot,  Squaw  Hoot,  Blue  Gin- 
seng, Yellow  Ginseng,  a  plant  of  the  Famih/  Ber- 
berideae  ;  AVj-.  Si/st.  Hexandria  Monogynia, 'which 
grows  all  over  the  United  States,  flowering  in  May 
and  .June.  The  infusion  of  the  root  is  much  used 
by  the  Indians  in  various  diseases.  To  it  are 
ascribed  cmmenagogue  and  diaphoretic  virtue* 

C.AULOPLE'GIA,  from  Kav\os,  'the  male  or- 
gan,' and  vXriyr,.  'a  wound,'  or  'stroke.'  An  in- 
jury or  paralysis  of  the  male  organ 

CAULORRUAGIA,  Stimatosis-c.  Ejaeulato- 


CAULORRHCEA  BENIGNA 


180 


ria,  Spermato-cystidorrhagia — c.  Stillatitia,  Ure- 
throrrhagia. 

CAULORRIICEA  BENIGNA,  Gonorrhoea 
pura. 

CAULUS,  Penis. 

CAUMA,  Kav/ia,  'a  burnt  part,'  from  koioi,  'I 
burn.'  Great  heat  of  the  body  or  atmosphere. 
Synocha,  Empresma. 

Cadma  Bronchitis,  Cynarehe  trachealis — c. 
Carditis,  Carditis  —  c.  Enteritis,  Enteritis  —  c. 
Gastritis,  Gastritis — c.  Ilcemorrhagicum,  Hiemor- 
rhagia  activa  —  c.  Hepatitis,  Hepntitis  —  c.  Oph- 
thalmitis, Ophthalmia— c.  Peritonitis,  Peritonitis 
—  c.  Phrenitis,  Phrenitis  —  c.  Pleuritis,  Pleuritis 
— c.  Podagrieiim,  Gout — c.  llheumatismus,  Rheu- 
matism, acute. 

CAUMATO'DES,     Cnnmate'nis,    from    Kav/ia, 
•fire,  heat.'     Burning  hot.     Febris  caumatu'des, 
F.  cniiso'dcu.     Inflammatory  fever.     Synocha. 
CAUNGA,  Areca. 

CAUSA  CONJUNCTA,  Cause,  proximate— c. 
Continens,  Cause,  proximate. 

CAUSAE  ABDIT^E,  Causes,  predisponent  or 
remote — c.  Actuales,  Causes,  occasional — c.  Pra3- 
incipientes.  Causes,  procatarctic — c.  Proegume- 
nae,  Causes,  predisponent. 

CAUSE,  Ccih'sii,  Ai'tid,  Ai'tion.  An  act  which 
precedes  another,  and  seems  to  be  a  necessary 
condition  for  the  concurrence  of  the  latter.  The 
causes  of  disease  are  generally  extremely  ob- 
scure ;  although  they,  sometimes,  are  evident 
enough.  The  predisponent  and  occuxioiuxl  causes 
are  the  only  two  on  which  any  stress  can  be 
laid ;  but  as  authors  have  divided  them  differ- 
ently, a  short  explanation  is  necessary. 

Cause,  Ac'cessory,  (F.)  Came  Accessoire. 
One  which  has  only  a  secondary  influence  in  the 
production  of  disease. 

Causes,  Accident'al,  Common  Cannes,  (F.) 
Causei  Accidentel/es,  are  those  which  act  only 
in  certain  given  conditions  ;  and  which  do  not 
always  produce  the  same  disease.  Cold,  e.  g., 
may  be  the  accidental  cause  of  pneumonia,  rheu- 
matism, &c. 

CAUSES  CACHE ES,  C.  occult— c.  Common, 
C.  accidental— c.  Exciting,  C.  Occasional — c.  E 
sential,  C.  Specific — c.  Determinuntes,  C.  Specific 
— c.  Eloigneen,  C.  Predisponent. 

Causes,  External,  (F.)  Cnn&es  exterves,  are 
such  as  act  externally  to  the  individual;  as  air, 
cold,  &.C. 

CAUSES  F0R3IELLES  {¥.),  are  such  as 
determine  the  form  or  kind  of  disease.  They 
differ  from  the  Canses  matei'ielles,  which  are 
common  to  a  set  of  diseases ;  as,  to  the  neuroses, 
phlegmasiae,  Ac. 

Causes,  Hidden,  C.  Occult — c.  Immediate,  C. 
essential. 

Causes,  Intern'al,  (F.)  Cannes  Internes,  are 
those  which  arise  within  the  body ;  as  mental 
emotions,  <tc. 

Causes,  Mechan'ical,  (P.)  Causes  m^cnniques, 
are  those  which  act  mechanically,  as  pressure 
upon  the  windpipe  in  inducing  suffocation. 

Causes,  Negative,  (F.)  Causes  nhfatlves,  com- 
prise all  those  things,  the  privation  of  which 
may  derange  the  functions ; — as  abstinence  too 
long  continued.  They  are  opposed  to  positive 
rauses,  which,  of  themselves,  directly  induce  dis- 
ease ; — as  the  use  of  indigestible  food,  spirituous 
drinks,  &c. 

Causes,  Obscure,  C.  Occult. 
Causes,  Occa'sional,  Erci'ting  Causes,  Causes 
actua'lcs,  (F.)  Causes  occasioneUes,  are  those 
which  immediately  produce  disease.  The  occa- 
sional causes  have  been  divided  into  the  cogniz- 
able and  non-cognizable. — C.  J.  B.  Williams. 


Exciting 

Causes 

OP 

Disease. 


CAUSTICITY 

I.  Cognizable  Agentt. 

1.  Mechanical. 

2.  Cliemical. 
.3.  Ingcsta. 

4.  Bodily  exertion. 

5.  Mental  emotion. 

6.  Excessive  evacuation. 

7.  Suppressed  or  defective  evacua. 

tion. 

8.  Defective  cleanliness,  ventilation, 

and  draining. 

9.  Temperature  and  changes. 

II.  Non-Cognizable  Agentt. 

1.  Endemic. 

2.  Epidemic.      \  Poisons. 

3.  Infectious. 


Causes,  Occult',  Hidden  causes,  Obscure cmmn, 
(F.)  Causes  occidtes  ou  cavkecs  ou  ohsrnres.  Any 
causes  with  which  we  are  unacquainted;  also, 
certain  inappreciable  characters  of  the  atmo- 
sphere, which  give  rise  to  epidemics. 

Causes,  Phvs'ical,  (F.)  Causes  Physiquei,— 
those  which  act  by  virtue  of  their  physical  pro- 
perties ;  as  form,  hardness,  &c.  All  vulnerating 
bodies  belong  to  this  class. 

Causes,  Physiolog"ical,  (F.)  Causes  Phijmn- 
loyiques,  those  which  act  only  on  living  mattev; 
— narcotics,  for  example. 

Causes,  Predispo'nent,  C.  predispo'sing,  Re- 
mote causes,  Causa  proegu'meua.  Causa  ah'dita, 
Causa  remo'to' ;  (F.)  Causes  predinpoimnteii, 
Causes  (.loignees, — those  which  render  the  body 
liable  to  disease.  They  may  be  genernU  affcctini,' 
a  number  of  people,  or  particular,  affecting  only 
one  person. 

Causes,  Phin'cipal,  (F.)  Causes  prindpahi, 
— those  which  exert  the  chief  influence  on  (he 
production  of  disease,  as  distinguished  from  the 
accessory  causes. 

Causes,  Puocatarc'tic,  Causm  procatarc'lice, 
Caus(B  prain'cijiien'tes,  from  TrpoKurnpitnitoj,  '  tbo 
origin  or  beginning  of  a  thing,'  {"•/)«,  '  before,' and 
KaTaj}X(>>,  '  I  begin.')  These  words  have  been  used 
with  different  significations.  Some  have  era- 
ployed  them  synonymously  with  predisponent  or 
remote  causes;  others  with  occasional  OT  exciting 
causes. 

CAUSE  PROCHATNE,  C.  proximate. 
Cause,  Prox'imate,  Causa  prox'inia  sen  ton- 
tineus  seu  conjum'ta.  (F.)  Cause  coutiueiile  ou  pro- 
chaine,  may  be  the  disease  itself.    Superabundance 
of  blood,  e.  g.,  is  the  proximate  cause  of  plethora. 
Causes,  Remote,  C.  predisponent. 
Causes,    Specif'ic,   Essen'tial  or  hwie'dn'tt 
causes,  &c.,  (F.)  Causes  specif  <]ues,  C.  CHSentiellti, 
C.  deierminautes ; — those  which  produce  a  deter- 
minate disease. 

CAUSIS,  Burn,  Ebullition,  Fermentation,  In- 
cendium,  Ilstion. 

CAUSOMA,  Inflammation. 
CAUS'TIC,  Caus'ticns,  Cauteret'icus,  Diarcl'- 
ieus,  Ero'dens,  Adu'rcns,  Urens,  Pi/rul'iciis,  from 
Kotu,  'I  burn,'  Kuvaoi,  'heat.'  (F.)  Causl'f- 
Bodies  which  have  the  property  of  causticity; 
and  which,  consequently,  burn  or  disorganiie 
animal  substances.  The  wonl  is  also  used  snlt- 
stantively.  The  most  active  are  called  Eschanl- 
ics.     Caustics  are  also  termed  'corrosives. 

Caustic  Bearer,  Porte-pierre — c.  Paste,  Can- 
quoin's,  Pasta  Zinci  chlnridi. 

CAUSTICA  ADUSTIO,  Cauterization. 
CAUSTICITY,  Caustic"itas,  from  KaMuW, 
'that  which  burns,'  (xaiu),  '  I  burn.')  The  inipri-'- 
sion  which  caustic  bodies  make  on  the  organ  »f 
taste;  or,  more  commonly,  the  property  which 
distinguishes  those  bodies. 


CAUSTiOOPIIORUM 


181 


CAVERNOUS 


CAUSTICOI'irORUM,  Pnrle-pierre. 
CAIIS'TICUM  iETlIIOP'ICUM,  Unguen'tum 
Jfehiii'iriim  cnnH'tiriun.  A  sort  of  paste,  maclt"  by 
riil)l)iri;;  powdered  nuffrun  with  concentrated  »ul- 
phiiiii:  (icid,  recommended  by  Velpeau  as  a  caus- 
tic ill  cases  of  (gangrenous  and  carcinomatous  ul- 
cers. The  acid  is  the  caustic:  the  saCFrou,  the 
constituent  merely. 

Caiisticcm  Ai,kali\um,  Potafsa  fusa — c.  Ame- 
ricanum,  Veratrutn  sabadilla — c.  Autimoniale, 
Antimonium  muriatum. 

CaijSTICUM  CoMMIl'Ni5,  Polen'tinl  Cautery,  Com- 
mon O'liiitir,  Catite'rium  potent  in' le,  Lopia  aep'- 
ticua,  C'lua'tirnm  conimu'ne  mit'ius.  This  con- 
sists of  quicklime  and  black  soap,  of  each  equal 
parts. 

CAUSTiotTM  CoHMirNR,  Potassa  fusa  —  c.  Com- 
mune acerrimum,  Potassa  fusa — c.  Commune  for- 
tius, Potassa  cum  calce — c.  Luiiare,  Argenti  nitras 
—  c.  Piitentiale,  Potassa  fusa  —  c.  Salinum,  Po- 
tassa fusa — c.  Viennense  fusum  Filhos,  see  Pow- 
der, Vienna. 

CAUSTIQUE,  Caustic— c.  Filhna,  see  Powder, 
Vienna — c  de  Viennc,  Powder,  Vienna. 

CAUSUS,  from  Kaiia,  '  I  burn,' Kauffoj,  'heat.' 
A  hijjlily  ardent  fever  ;  Den'rena.  Piiiel  regards 
it  as  a  complication  of  bilious  and  inflammatory 
fever;  Broussais,  as  an  intense  gastritis,  accom- 
panied with  bilious  symptoms.     See  Synocha. 

Causi's,    Endkmial,    op    the    West    Indies, 
Fever,  Yellow — c.  Tropicus   endemicus,  Fever, 
Yellow. 
CAUTER,  Cauterium. 

CAUTERE,  Cauterium,  Fonticulus  —  c.  Inlie- 
rent,  Inherent  cautery. 
CAUTERETICUS,  Caustic. 
CAUTERETS,  iMINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Cmitcrets  is  a  Imiir;/  seven  leajruos  from  BarSges 
(Ifiiiiii-a-Pi/n'ii^ea.)  France.  The  waters  are  hy- 
rirosulphurous  and  thermal — temperature  123°  F. 
Tiicy  are  used  in  the  same  cases  as  the  13ar6ges 
water. 
CAUTERIASMUS.  Cauterization. 
CAUTE'RIIIM,  C.  actua'le,  Canter,  Can'tery, 
fniiato' rill  III,  Ritpto'riuin,  lynia  actiia'lia,  from 
if'jiiD,  'I  burn,'  KavTijp,  'a  burner.'  (F.)  Cniitire, 
Fen  nctiiel.  A  substance,  used  for  'firing,'  burn- 
ing or  disorganizing  the  parts  to  which  it  is  ap- 
plied. Cauteries  were  divided  by  the  ancients 
into  actiiid  and  potciitinl.  The  word  is  now  re- 
stricted to  the  red-hot  iron  ;  or  to  positive  burn- 
ing. It  was.  formerly,  much  used  for  preventing 
hemorrhage  from  divided  arteries ;  and  also  with 
the  s,nme  views  as  a  blister.  The  terra  Poten'iinl 
Cnnteri/,  Caiite' riiim  potciitiu'le,  li/iiia  potentia'lia, 
(F.)  Feu  potentiel,  was  generally  applied  to  the 
eiiuaticum  commune,  but  it  is  now  used  synony- 
mously with  caustic  in  general.  Cautere  also 
means  an  issue. 

CAUTEnirM  AcTUALE,  Cauterium. 
CAUTERIZA'TION.  Cmiteriaa'tio,  Caiiteriaa'- 
niiis,  E.ruH'tio,  Iiius'tio,  Caus'ticn  Adua'tio.  Firing. 
The  effect  of  a  cautery  or  caustic.  The  French, 
amongst  whom  cauterization  is  much  used,  dis- 
tinguished five  kinds:  1.  Canteriaation  Inlierente, 
which  consists  in  applying  the  actual  cautery 
freely,  and  with  a  certain  degree  of  force,  so  as 
to  disorganize  deeply.  2.  Cauth-iantion  trnna- 
enrrente,  which  consists  in  passing  the  edge  of 
the  C<iut!>re  cultellnire,  or  the  point  of  the  Cauth-e 
conique  lightly,  so  as  not  to  disorganize  deeply. 
3.  Caulfriaation  par  pointea,  whieh  consists  in 
applying  on  the  skin,  here  and  tliere,  the  hot 
point  of  the  conical  cautery,  with  sufficient  force 
to  cauterize  the  whole  thickness  of  the  skin.  4. 
Ctiuth-iaation  lente,  alow  cauterization,  by  means 
of  the  moxa.     6.   Cautirisation  objective,  which 


consists  in  holding  the  cautery  at  some  distance 
from  the  part  to  be  acted  upon  by  it. 

Cau'teiuze;  Cauatico  adurere  ;  (F.)  Cau- 
teriaer.  To  apply  a  cautery  or  caustic.  To  burn 
with  a  cautery  or  caustic. 

CAUTERY,  Cauterium — c.  Galvanic,  see  Moxa 
— c.  Potential,  Causticum  commune,  Cauterium. 
CAVA,  Vulva. 

Cava  Ve.na,  Vena  hepati'tca.  The  hollow  or 
deep-seated  vein.  (F.)  Veine  cave.  A  name 
given  to  the  two  great  veins  of  the  body,  which 
meet  at  the  right  auricle  of  the  heart.  The  vena 
cava  anpe'rior,  thoriic"ica  seu  deaccn'dena,  is 
formed  by  the  union  of  the  subclavians;  and  re- 
ceives successively,  before  its  termination  at  the 
upper  part  of  the  right  auricle,  the  inferior  thy- 
roid, rii/ht  internal  mammary,  superior  diaphrag- 
matic, azygoa,  <fec.  The  vena  cava  iii/e'rior,  ab- 
doinina' lis  seu  ascen'dena,  arises  from  the  union 
of  the  two  primary  iliacs,  opposite  the  fourth  or 
fifth  lumbar  vertebra,  receives  the  middle  sacral, 
lumbar,  right  apcrmatic,  hepatic,  and  inferior  dia- 
phragmatica,  and  oi)ens  at  the  posterior  and  in- 
ferior part  of  the  right  auricle. 

CAVATIO,  Cavity. 

CAVEA,  Cavity — c.  Narium,  Nares. 

CAVER'NA,  Antrum.  'A  cavern.'  This  term 
has  been  used  for  the  female  organs  of  generation. 
Sec  Cavity,  and  Vulva. 

Caveuna  Nauium,  Nares. 

Cavehn^  Dentium,  Alveoli  dentiuin  —  c. 
Frontis,  Frontal  Sinuses. 

CA  VERNEUX,  Cavernous. 

CAVERNOUS,  Caverno'aiia,  (F.)  Caveriieux. 
Filled  with  small  cavities  or  caverns,  —  as  a 
sponge. 

Cavernous  Bodies,  Cor'pora  Cavemoa'a  of  tho 
penis,  Cor'2}ora  nervo'sa  seu  Ner' veo-apongio' aa 
Penia,  (F.)  Corps  Caverneux.  The  corpus  caver- 
nosum  is  a  kind  of  cylindrical  sac,  composed  of 
cells;  separated,  through  its  whole  extent,  by  a 
vertical,  incomplete  septum,  Septum  pectinifor'- 
me,  Trabec'ulcB  cor'porum  cavernoao'rum,  and 
forming  nearly  two-thirds  of  the  penis.  The 
corpua  cavernoanm,  on  each  side,  arises  from  the 
ascending  portion  of  the  ischium,  and  terminates 
obtusely  behind  the  glans.  The  arteries  of  the 
corpora  cavernosa  come  from  the  internal  pudic. 
See  Helicine  Arteries.  Nerves  are  found  on  the 
surface  of  the  outer  membrane,  but  they  do  not 
appear  to  penetrate  the  substance,  and  the  smooth 
muscular  fibre  has  been  traced  into  the  fibrous 
parietes  of  the  cells,  as  in  the  case  of  all  erectile 
tissues. 

J.  Miiller's  researches  have  led  him  to  infer, 
that  both  in  man  and  the  horse,  the  nerves  of  the 
corpora  cavernosa  are  made  up  of  branches  pro- 
ceeding from  the  organic  as  well  as  the  animal 
system,  whilst  the  nerves  of  animal  life  alone 
provide  the  nerves  of  sensation  of  the  penis. 

Cavernous  Bodies,  Corpora  Cavernoaa  of  the 
CHt'oris,  are  two  hollow  crura,  forming  the  clit- 
oris. 

Cavernous  Body  of  the  Vagi'na,  Corpus  Ca- 
oerno'aum  Vagi'iKP,  Plexus  retiform'is,  is  a  sub- 
stance composed  of  blood-vessels  and  cells,  simi- 
lar to  those  of  the  penis  and  clitoris,  which  covers 
the  outer  extremity  of  the  vagina,  on  each  side. 
It  serves  to  contract  the  entrauce  to  the  vagina 
during  coition. 

Cavernous  Ganglion,  see  Carotid  or  Carotio 
Nerve. 

Cavernous  Respira'tion.  AVhen  a  cavity 
exists  in  the  lungs,  and  one  or  more  ramifications 
of  the  bronchia  terminate  in  it,  a  loud  tubal  noise 
is  emitted,  provided  the  cavity  be  not  filled  with 
fluid,  which  is  called  cavernous  reapiration.  In 
this  condition,  the  cough  is  cavernous  likewise, 
(F.)  Toux  Caverneuse.     When  the  capacity  of  the 


CAVERNULOUS   RHONCIIUS      182 


CELANDINE 


cavern  is  very  great,  the  sound  of  the  respiration 
is  like  that  produced  by  blowing  into  a  decanter, 
•with  the  mouth  at  a  little  distance  from  the  neck. 
This  kind  of  cavernous  respiration  has  been  called 
amphoric,  from  amphora,  'a  flask;'  (F.)  Renpi- 
ratioH  amphoriqne,  Souffle  amphorique,  S.  mital- 
liqne. 

The  Veiled  Puff,  (F.)  Souffle  voile,  is  a  modi- 
fication of  the  cavernous  respiration,  in  which, 
according  to  Laennec,  "a  sort  of  movable  veil 
interposed  between  the  excavation  and  the  ear" 
seems  to  be  agitated  to  and  fro.  It  is  a  sign 
■which  is  not  attended  to. 

Cavkrnoos  Rhoncuus,  see  Cavernous  Respi- 
ration, and  Grurgling. 

Caveunous  Sinus,  Sinus  Caverno'sus  seu  poly- 
nior'jjhns  seu  sphetioida'lis,  lieccptac' nlum  sellcB 
equi'iice  lat'eribus  appos'itum,  (F.)  Sinus  caver- 
iieux.  The  Cav'enious  Si'nnses  are  venous  cavi- 
ties of  the  dura  mater,  filled  with  a  multitude  of 
reddish,  soft  filaments,  intersecting  each  other; 
and,  as  it  were,  reticulated.  They  commence 
behind  the  inner  part  of  the  sphenoid  fissure, 
pass  backwards  on  the  sides  of  the  fossa  pitui- 
taria,  and  terminate  by  opening  into  a  cavity, 
common  to  the  superior  and  inferior  petrosal 
sinuses.  They  receive  some  meningeal  veins,  the 
ophthalmic  veins,  <fec.  The  anterior  extremity 
of  each  cavernous  sinus  has  been  named  the 
vphthal' mic  sinus. 

Cavkunous  Texture  or  Tissue,  Tela  caver- 
no'sa,  (F.)  Tissu  caverneux.  The  spongy  sub- 
Stance  which  forms  the  greater  part  of  the  penis 
and  clitoris.  It  seems  to  consist  of  a  very  com- 
plicated lace-work  of  arteries  and  veins ;  and, 
probably,  of  nervous  filaments,  with  small  fibrous 
plates,  which  form  by  their  decussation  numerous 
cells  communicating  with  each  other.  This 
spongy  texture  produces  erection,  by  dilating  and 
swelling  on  the  influx  of  blood;  and  probably, 
also,  by  virtue  of  some  property  inherent  in  it. 

Caveunous  Whisper.  A  blowing  sound,  heard 
over  cavities  when  words  are  whispered.  —  A. 
Flint. 

CAVERNULOUS  RHONCIIUS,  see  Gurgling. 
CAVIALE,  Caviare. 

CAVIARE',  Caviar,  Caviale,  Knviac,  A  culi- 
nary preparation,  much  used  by  certain  people, 
and  made,  on  the  shores  of  the  Black  and  Caspian 
Seas,  from  the  roe  of  the  sturgeon,  mixed  with 
salt  and  other  condiments, 

CAVIC'ULA,  Cdvll'lci,  from  cavus,  'hollow.' 
The  ankle  or  space  between  the  malleoli.  Some 
have  given  this  name  to  the  os  cuneiforme.  See 
Astragalus. 

CAVICUL^  PEDIS  NODUS,  Tarsus. 
CAVILLA,  Astragalus,  Cnvicula. 
CAVITAS  ANTliOSA  AURIS,  Tympanum— 
c.  Buocinata.  Cochlea — c.  Cochleata,  Cochlea — c. 
Digitata  ventriculi  lateralis,  Cornu  posterius  ven- 
triculi  lateralis. 

Cav'itas  Emjp'tica,  Ampulla,  Sinus  ampnl- 
la'ceus.  A  dilatation  at  one  end  of  the  semicir- 
cular canals  of  the  ear. 

Cavitas  Humeri  Glenoides,  see  Glenoid  —  c. 
Narium,  Nares — c.  Oculi,  Orbit — c.  Oris,  Mouth 
— c.  Pulpas,  see  Tooth. 

CAVITATES  CEREBRI,  Ventricles  of  the 
brain — c.  Durae  matris,  Sinuses  of  the  dura  mater 
— c.  Innominata;,  Aiiricles  of  the  heart — c.  Inter- 
scapulares,  see  Interscapularis. 

CA  VITE,  Cavity — c.  Dentaire,  Dental  cavity — 
c.  dea  Epiploons,  see  Peritonaeum — c.  du  Tympan, 
Tympanum. 

CAVITY,  Cav'itas,  Cavum,  Cce'lofes,  Coelon, 
Ca'vea,  Cnver'na,  Cava'tio,  (F.)  Cavile.  The 
hollow  of  anything,  as  of  the  cranium,  mouth, 
nasal  fossas,  <fec. 


Cavities,  Splanchnic,  (F.)  Cavitas  sphnd. 
niques,  arc  those  which  contain  the  viscera. 
They  are  three  in  number  : — the  cranium,  chest, 
and  abdomen.  Tiie  cavities  of  bones,  connecti'il 
with  joints  or  otherwise,  are  described  under 
their  particular  denominations. 

CAVUM,  Cavity— c.  Abdominis,  see  Abdomen. 
Cavum  Ciia'nii,  Venter  Supre'mus.    The  cavity 
formed  by  the  proper  bones  of  the  cranium. 

Cavum  Dentis,  see  Tooth  —  c.  Media.>*tini,  sc« 
Mediastinum — c.  Narium.  Nasal  fossie,  Nares— c. 
Oris,  Mouth — c.  Pericardii,  see  Pericardium— c. 
Thoracis,  see  Thorax — c.  Tympani,  Tympanum. 
CAYAN,  Phaseolus  Creticus. 
CAZABI,  Jatropha  manihot. 
CEANOTHOS,  Cirsium  afvcnse. 
CEANOTHUS  AMERICANUS,  Celastrus-c, 
Trinervis,  Celastrus. 
CEAR,  Heart. 
CEASMA,  Fissure. 

CEBI  GALLI'NiE.  The  liver  of  the  fowl, 
bruised. — Castelli. 

CEBIP'ARA.  A  large  Brazilian  tree,  whose 
bitter  and  astringent  bark  is  used  in  making  anti- 
rheumatic baths  and  fomentations. 

CEROCEPHALE,  Ceboceph'olus,  from  Knjiiis, 
'an  ape,'  and  KttpaXrj,  'a  head.'     A  genus  of  niuii. 
sters,  in  which  the  nose  does  not  project,  and  the 
interocular  region  is  narrow  and  plane,  so  as  lo 
give  the  physiognomy  a  striking  rcseinhlance  to 
that  of  the  American  ape. — I.  G.  St.  Ililairo. 
CECES,  see  Quercus  alba. 
CECITE,  Csecitas. 
CECITY,  Ctecitas. 

CEDAR,     RED,    Juniperus    Virginiana  — c. 
White,  Cupressus  thyoides. 
CEDEIA,  Embalming. 
CEDMA,  Aneurism,  Varix. 
CED'MATA,  Kt&jxara.     Rheumatic  pains  of  the 
joints,  especially  of  the  hips,  groin,  or  genital 
organs.     A  form  of  gout  or  rheumatism. 
CEDRAT,  Citrus  medica. 
CEDRELA    FEBRIFUGA,    Swictenia  fcbri- 
fuga. 

CEDRELE'UM,  from  Kchpoi,  'the  cedar,' and 
tKaiov,  'oil.'     The  oil  of  cedar. — Pliny. 

CE'DRIA,  Ce'drium,  Ce'drinum,  Cedri  ho'- 
ryma,  Alkitran.  The  oil  or  resin  which  flows 
from  the  cedar  of  Lebanon.  It  was  supposed  to 
possess  great  virtues.  —  Hippocrates,  Foesiu*, 
Scribonius  Largus,  Dioscorides.  It  has  been 
supposed  to  be  the  same  as  the  pyroligneuus 
acid.     See  Pinus  Svlvestris. 

CE'DRINUM  VINUM,  Cedar  Wine.  A  wine 
prepared  by  steeping  half  a  pound  of  bruistJ 
cedar  berries  in  six  French  pints  of  sweet  wine. 
It  is  diuretic  and  subastringent. 

CEDRI'TES,  from  Ktb^oi,  'the  cedar.'    A  wine 
prepared  from  the  resin  of  cedar  and  sweet  wine. 
It  was  formerly  employed  as  a  vermifuge,  Ac. 
CEDRIUM,  Cedria. 
CEDROMELA,  see  Citrus  medica. 
CEDRON,  see  Simaba  cedron. 
CEDRONELLA,  Melissa  — c.  Triphylla,  Dr^ 
cocephalum  canariense. 
OEDROS,  Juniperus  Ij'cia. 
CEDROSTIS,  Bryonia  alba. 
CEDRUS  BACCIFERA,  Juniperus  sabina- 
c.  Mahogaiii,  Swietenia  mahogani. 

CEINTURE,  Cingulum,  Herpes  zoster-f- 
Blanche  de  la  choro'ide,  Ciliary  lignment  — «• 
Bart  reuse.  Herpes  zoster  —  c.  de  Jlildunt,  Ci|i- 
gulum  llildani  —  c.  de  Saint-Jean,  Artemi*'* 
vulgaris  —  v.  de  Vif  Argent,  Cingulum  mer- 
curialo. 

CELANDINE,  Impatiens — c.  Common,  Cbeli- 
donium  majus — c.  Lesser,  Ranunculus  ficaria-c- 
Poppy,  Stylophorum  diphyllum. 


CELASTRUS 


183 


CELOLOGIA 


CELAS'TRUS,  Celnn'tm,  Cmno'thm  Americn'- 
nuH  sen  Iriiier'vls,  New  Jerseij  Tpai,  Red  Hout,  (F.) 
Tli(  (te  Jfrnei/.  Used  by  the  American  Indians, 
in  the  .«an)e  manner  as  lobelia,  for  the  cure  of 
syphilis.  It  is  slightly  bitter  and  somewhat  as- 
tringent. A  strong  infusion  of  the  dried  leaves 
and  seeds  has  been  recommended  in  aphthiC,  and 
as  a  gargle  in  scarlatina. 

Cki.astrus  Scandkns,  Clhuhing  Stnffti-ee.  A 
climbing  American  shrub,  the  bark  of  which  is 
said  to  possess  emetic,  diaphoretic,  and  narcotic 
properties. 

Cb'LAT/ON,  (F.)  Concealment,  from  celare, 
'to  conceal.'  A  word  used  by  French  medico- 
legal writers  for  cases  where  there  has  been  con- 
cealment  of  pregnancy  or  delivery. 

CELE,  Kn^n,  'a  tumour,  protrusion,  or  rupture;' 
a  very  common  suffix,  as  in  hydrocele,  bubono- 
cele, ftc.     See  Hernia. 

CEL'ERY,  (F.)  Celcri.     The  English  name  for 
a  variety  of  Apium  graveolens. 
Cki.kuv,  Wild,  Bubon  galbanum. 
CEfjETA,  see  Hernial. 
CELIA,  Cerevisia. 
cHlIAQUK,  Coeliac. 
CELINE,  Melissa. 

CELIS,  (ff/>i?,  'a  spot,  a  stain.'  A  macula,  or 
spot  on  the  skin. 

CELL,  Cella.  A  small  cavity.  The  same  sig- 
nificaticm  as  cellule.  Also,  a  vesicle  compose<l 
of  a  membrnnous  cell-wall,  with,  usually,  liciuid 
contents.  The  whole  organized  body  may  be  re- 
garded as  a  congeries  of  cells  having  different 
endowments,  each  set  being  concerned  in  special 
acts,  connected  with  absorption,  nutrition,  and 
secretion,  wherever  an  action  of  selection  or  ela- 
boration has  to  be  effected.  These  colls  arc  gene- 
riilly  termed  primary,  elrmcntary,  or  primordial. 
When  they  give  rise  to  other  cells,  they  are,  at 
times,  termed  parent  or  mother  celts  ;  the  result- 
ing cells  being  termed  daiif/hter  celln. 

Cki.l,  Apoplkctic,  see  Apoplectic  cell — c.  Bone, 
Lacuna  of  bone  —  c.  Bronchic,  Cellule,  bronehic 
—  c.  Calcigerous,  see  Tooth  —  c.  Daughter,  see 
Cell — c.  Elementary,  see  Cell. 

Ckll,  EpinEu'Mic  or  Epithe'lial.  The  cells 
or  corpuscles  that  cover  the  free  membranous  sur- 
faces of  the  body,  and  which  form  the  epidermis 
and  epithelium,  are  termed  'epidermic  or  epithe- 
lial cells.'  They  are  developed  from  germs  fur- 
nished by  the  subj.acent  membrane. 

Cr.tL,  Epithelial,  Cell,  epidermic — c.  Fat,  see 
Fatty  vesicles. 

Ckll  Forcr.  The  plastic  or  formative  force 
seated  in  a  cell,  by  the  agency  of  which  the  dif- 
ferent tissues  are  developed.     See  Cell  Life. 

Cell  Formation,  Cytogeny  —  c.  Genesis,  Cy- 
togeny  —  c.  Germ,  Cytoblast,  see  Molecule  —  c. 
Germinal,  see  Cytoblast — c.  Nucleated,  see  Cyto- 
blast. 

Cell  Life.  The  life  which  is  possessed  by 
the  separate  cells  that  form  the  tissues,  and  by 
which  the  nutrition  of  the  tissues  is  presumed  to 
be  effecte<l. 

Cell,  Mother,  see  Cell  —  c.  Osseous,  Lacuna 
of  bone — c.  Parent,  see  Cell. 

Cell,  Pi(iMRST.  Pigment  cells  are  mingled 
with  the  epidermic  cells,  and  are  most  manifest 
in  the  coloured  races.  They  are  best  seen  on  the 
inner  surface  of  the  choroid  of  the  eye,  where 
they  form  the  piymentum  niyritm. 

Ckll,  Primauv,  see  Cell  — c  Primordial,  see 
Cell— c.  Sperm,  see  Sperm — c.  Wall,  see  Cell. 

CELL.\,  Cell — c.  Media,  see  Ventricles  of  the 
Brain— c.  Turcica,  Sella  Turcica. 
CEL'LOID,  Celloi'dea,  badly  compounded  from 


cella,  and  aSo^,  'resemblance.'     Resembling  a 
cell  or  cellule. 

CELLULA,  Cellule. 

CELLULE  COLI,  see  Colon— c.  Acre»,  Cel- 
lules, bronchic  —  c.  Bronchicse,  see  Cellule  —  c. 
Mastoideae,  Mastoid  cells  —  c.  MeduUares,  see 
Medullary  membrane  —  c.  Pulmonales,  Cellules 
bronchic,  see  Pulmo — c.  Sanguinis,  Globules  of 
the  blood. 

CEL'LULAR,  Cellula'ria,  Cellulo'auo,  (F.)  Cei 
lidaire.  Composed  of  cells  or  cellules,  from  celln 
or  cellida,  'a  cell.' 

Cel'lulau  Membrane,  Memhra'na  cellulo'sa 
seu  Cellula'ria, — M.  adipo'aa  seu  pinrjuedino'aa, 
of  some,  Pannic'ulns  adipo'aus,  —  Membrane 
formed  of  cellular  tissue,  (F.)  Membrane  cellu- 
laire.     Generally  used  for  the  tissue  itself. 

Cellular  System.  The  whole  of  the  cellular 
tissue  of  the  human  body. 

Cellular  Tissue,  Tela  cellula'ria  seu  celhdo'- 
aa  seu  Hippoc'ratin  crihro'an,  Eth'nnjphe,  Contex'- 
tua  celhilo'aua,  Jlelicula'ted, JUamentoun,  laminated, 
crih'riform,  porous,  are'olar,  connec'tit^e,  and 
mucous  Tissue,  Ketic'ular  or  cellular  substance, 
(F.)  Tiasu  celliilaira,  riticule,  Inmiueux,  crihlen.r, 
pnreux,  areolaire,  niuqueux,  conjonctif,  Ethmose  of 
Piorry,  &c.,  is  the  most  common  of  all  the  organic 
tissues.  It  contains  irregular  areolae  between 
the  fibres,  as  well  as  serum,  fat,  and  the  adipous 
tissue.  Of  the  fibres,  some  are  of  the  yellow  elas- 
tic kind;  but  the  greater  part  are  of  the  white 
fibrous  tissue,  and  they  frequently  present  the 
form  of  broad  flat  bands,  in  which  no  distinct 
fil)rous  arrangement  is  perceptible.     See  Fibrous. 

The  cellular  tissue  or  texture  unites  every  part 
of  the  body,  determines  its  shape,  and  by  its 
elasticity  and  contractility,  and  by  the  fluid 
which  it  contains  in  its  cells,  facilitates  the  mo- 
tion of  parts  on  each  other. 

Cellular  tissue  has  been  divided  by  anatomists 
into  the  external,  general  or  common  cellular 
tissue — te.rtuH  cellula'ria  interme'dius  seu  laxua, 
which  does  not  penetrate  the  organs, — the  cellu- 
lar texture  which  forms  the  envelopes  of  organs 
— tcxtus  cellula'ria  strictus,  and  that  which  pene- 
trates into  the  organs,  accompanying  and  enve- 
loping all  their  parts,  —  the  Icvtus  cellula'ria  sti- 
pa'tus,  constituting  the  basis  of  all  the  organs. 
It  has  likewise  been  termed  Textua  organ'icue 
seu  parenchyma' lis. 

Cellular  Tissue  of  Bones,  see  Caneelli. 

CEL'LULE,  Cel'lula,  diminutive  of  cella,  'a 
cavity.'  A  small  cavity.  (F.)  Cellule.  Cellules 
are  the  small  cavities  between  the  laminse  of  the 
cellular  tissue,  corpora  cavernosa,  Ac. 

Cellules  or  Cells,  BRONcnic,  Cel'hda  Bron'- 
chiccB  seu  Pulmonn'les  seu  Ae'rem,  Pari  pulmo' - 
num,  Vcsic'ulce  pulmonales.  The  air-cells  of  the 
lungs.     See  Pulmo. 

CELLULES  BRONCHIQUES,  Bronchial 
cells — c.  des  Oa,  Lacunae  of  Bone  —  c.  Oaseusea, 
LacunsB  of  Bone. 

CELLULITIS  VENENATA,  see  Woun^I. 

CELLULO- FIBROUS  TUMOUR,  Tumour, 
fibro-cellular. 

CEL'LULOSE,  same  etymon  as  Cellule.  The 
substance  which  is  left  after  the  action  upon  any 
kind  of  vegetable  tissue  of  such  solvents  as  are 
fitted  to  dissolve  out  the  matter  deposited  in  its 
cavities  and  interstices.  The  tunicated  or  asci- 
dian  mollusca  have,  in  their  integuments,  a  con- 
siderable quantity  of  it,  and  it  exists  in  the  Cor- 
pora ainylacea  of  the  brain  and  other  parts.  It 
is  identical  with  starch,  in  the  proportion  of  its 
constituents,  and  forms  the  principal  part  of  the 
thickness  of  the  walls  of  the  cells,  vessels,  Ac,  of 
which  the  vegetable  organism  is  composed. 

CELLULOSUS,  Cellular. 

CELOLOG"IA,  from  ici;Xi;,  'rupture,'  and  Xoyoj, 


CELOSOMUS 


184 


CENTRAL 


'  A  discourse.'  The  doctrine  of  Iicrnia.  A  trea- 
tise on  lie'nia. 

CELOSO'MUS,  from  KriXrj,  'a  rupture,'  and 
ctiijia,  '  i)i)ily.'  A  monster  in  which  the  trunlt  is 
malt'ormed,  and  eventration  or  displacement  of 
the  viscera  exists. 

CELOTES.  see  Hernial. 

CELOTOM'IA,  Kelotom'ia,  Celot'omy,  from 
nijAi;,  'a  rupture,'  and  Tc/tvciv,  'to  cut.'  An  ope- 
ration, formerly  employed  for  the  radical  cure  of 
inguinal  hernia:  which  consisted,  principally,  in 
jiassing  a  ligature  round  the  hernial  sac  and  sper- 
matic vessels.  It  necessarily  occasioned  atrophy 
and  loss  of  the  testicle ;  and  did  not  secure  the 
jiMtient  against  the  return  of  the  disease.  The 
intestines  were,  of  course,  not  included  in  the 
ligature.  Also,  the  operation  for  hernia  in  gene- 
ral,—  Hcniiot'omy. 

CEIjOT'OMUS,  same  etymon.  Herniot' omua. 
A  knife  used  in  the  operation  for  hernia.  Adjec- 
t!\ely,  it  means  relating  to  celotomy,  like  Celo- 
tiiin'  iciis. 

CELSA.  A  term,  used  by  Paracelsus  for  a 
cutaneous  disease,  dependent,  according  to  him, 
on  a  false  or  heterogeneous  spirit  or  vapour,  con- 
cealed under  the  integuments,  and  endeavouring 
to  escape.     Perhaps  the  disease  was  Urticaria. 

CELSUS,  METHOD  OF,  see  Lithotomy. 

CELTIS  OCCIDENT A'LIS,Siifjnrberri/,  Hack- 
berry,  N'-ttlctree,  Beaverwood.  Order,  Ulmacese  : 
iudigenons,  flowering  in  May.  The  bark  is  said 
to  be  anodyne  and  cooling;  the  berries  are  sweet 
and  astringent.     It  has  been  used  in  dysentery. 

CEMBHO  NUTS,  see  Pinus  cembra. 

CEMEXT.  A  glutinous  substance  introduced 
into  a  carious  tooth  to  prevent  the  access  of  air 
or  other  extraneous  matters.  The  following  is 
an  example:  R.  Sandarac.  ^ij ;  Maatich.  ^i; 
S'lirrti).  gr.  X.  ^'Jther.  ^j  ;  Dissolve  with  the  aid 
of  heat.  Ontermaier's  Cement  for  the  teeth  is 
prepared  of  finely  powdered  caustic  lime,  thirteen 
ji'U'ts;  anhydrous  phosphoric  acid,  twelve  parts. 
AVIien  introduced  into  a  carious  tooth,  it  becomes 
6>(lid  in  about  two  minutes. 

CEMENTERIUM,  Crucible, 

CEMENTUM,  see  Tooth. 

CENANGIA,  Ceneangia. 

CENCIIRON,  Panicum  miliaceum. 

GESDRE^  DU LEVANT,  Soda, 

CEXDRE,  Cineritious. 

C  END  RES  GRAVE  LEES,  see  Potash  — c. 
de  Sarmeiit,  see  Potash. 

CEXEANGI'A,  Cenangi' a,  from  (ctrof,  'empty,' 
!i!k1  ayyfioi',  'a  vessel.'  Inanition.  Empty  state 
of  vessels. — Galen. 

CENEMBATE'SrS,  from  klvo^,  'empty,'  and 
tjiiiaivu),  '  I  enter.'  Paracentesis.  Also,  the  act 
of  probing  a  wound  or  cavity;  Melo'sia. 

CENEONES,  Flanks. 

CENESTHESIE,  Coenasthesis, 

CENTGDAM.  Ceniplara. 

CENIGOTAM,  Ceniplara. 

CENIPLAM,  Cenlfjdam,  Cenigotatn,  Cenipo- 
Jam.  The  name  of  an  instrument  anciently  used 
for  opening  the  head  in  epilepsy. — Paracelsus, 

CENIPOLAM,  Ceniplam. 

CENO'SIS,  from  Kci>oi,  '  empty.'  hie'ais,  Lieih- 
vio^.  Evacuation.  It  is  sometimes  employed 
synonymously  with  inanition,  and  opposed  to  re- 
pletion.—  E.rina)tit"io. 

CENOSPUDrA,  Aphelxia  otiosa, 

CENOTIC,  Drastic. 

GENOT'ICA,  from  kcvuxth,  'evacuation.'  Dis- 
eases affecting  the  fluids.  Morbid  discharges  or 
excess,  deficiency  or  irreguUrity  of  such  as  are 
natural.  The  first  order,  class  Genetica,  of  Good. 
Also, Drastics. 

CENTAUHEA  BEHEN,  Serrat'ula  beheii,  Be- 


hen  abiad,  Behen  album.  Been,  While  Behen. 
Ord.  Gentianeic.     Astringent. 

Cbntauuea  Benedic'ta,  Uar'duua  beuedic'lui, 
Cnicus  aylven'tris  scu  beuedic'tus,  Cardiulxit'dnum, 
Blessed  or  //"/,'/  Thistle,  Virgiu-Mari/  Thistle, 
(F.)  Chardoii  beuit.  Fam.  Cynarocephalcie.  Sex. 
Syst.  Syngenesia  Polygamia  frustranea.  A  strong 
decoction  of  the  herb  is  emetic  : — a  strong  infu- 
sion,  diaphoretic  [  ?  ] ;  a  light  infusion,  tonic  and 
stomachic.     Dose,  gr.  xv  to  ^}  of  the  powder. 

CkntaureA  Calcitra'pa,  Ualcitra'pa,  Calcn- 
trep'pola,  Car'dnus  solstitia'lis  scu  slella'liis 
Ja'cca  ramosis'sima,  Cacotrib'nius,  Calciiran'pa 
Stella' ta  seu  hippophcBs'tum,  Stella'ln  rupi'iia, 
Centaure'a  Stella' ta.  Common  Star-Thistle,  Star- 
Knapweed,  (F.)  Centauree  itoilec,  Chardoii  itoilS, 
Chaussetrappe,  Piijiierole.  It  is  possessed  of 
tonic  properties,  and  has  been  given  in  intermit- 
tents,  dyspepsia,  ifec.     It  is  not  much  used. 

Centauuea  Centauiu'um,  Rh<(pon'iicHm  vul- 
ga're,  Ceiitauri'um  maijnum  seu  tiiajus  seu  offici- 
ua'le.  Greater  Cen'taury,  (F.)  Ceutaur(e  grande. 
It  is  a  bitter ;  and  was  formerly  used  as  a  tonic, 
especially  the  root. 

Ce.ntaurea  Cy'anus,  Cy'anns,  Blue  bottle. 
Corn-flower,  Blue  bonnets,  (Sc.)  Blnwort,  (F.) 
Bldvelle,  Blaveole,  Blacerolle,  Bluet,  Barbeuii, 
Auhifoin,  Casse-lunette.  The  flowers  were  once 
much  used  as  a  cordial,  tonic,  <fcc.  They  are  now 
forgotten. 

Centaitrea  Stellata,  Centaurea  calcitrapa. 

CENTAUREE  ETOILEE,  Centaurea  calci- 
trapa — c.  Grande,  Centaurea  centaurium — c.  Pe- 
tite, Chironia  centaurium. 

CENTAUREUM,  Chironia  centaurium. 

CENTAURIS,  Chironia  centaurium. 

CENTAURIUM  MAGNUM,  Centaurea  cen- 
taurium — c.  Minus  vulgare,  Chironia  centaurium 
—  c.  Officinale,  Centaurea  centaurium  —  c.  Par- 
rum,  Chironia  centaurium. 

CENTAURY,  AMERICAN,  Chironia  angu- 
Inris  —  e.  European,  Chironia  centaurium  — c. 
Greater,  Centaurea  centaurium  —  c.  Lesser,  Chi- 
ronia centaurium. 

CENTESIS,  Paracentesis,  Puncture, 

CENTIGRAMME,  (F.)  from  centum,  'a  hun- 
dred,' and  ypanjia,  '  gramme,'  Ceutiyram'ma. 
The  hundredth  part  of  a  gramme.  A  centigram- 
me is  equal  to  about  the  fifth  part  of  a  French 
grain,  gr.  .1543  Troy. 

CENTILITRE,  CentiU'tra,  from  cenlnm,  'a 
hundred,'  and  Xirpa,  'litre.'  An  ancient  Greek 
measure  for  liquids:  —  the  hundredth  part  of  a 
litre — equal  to  nearly  2.705.3  fluidrachms. 

CENTIMETRE,  Centim'eter  ;  the  hundredth 
part  of  a  metre  —  equal  to  about  four  Unes, 
.3937  English  inch. 

CENTI.MORBIA,  Lysimachia  nummularia. 

CENTINERVIA,  Plantago. 

CENTINODE,  Polygonum  aviculare. 

CENTINODIA,  Pofygonura  aviculare. 

CENTO  VIRGINALIS,  Hymen. 

CENTRAD,  see  Central  aspect. 

CENTRADIAPH'ANES,  Catarac'ta  centra'- 
lis,  from  Kcvrpov,  '  centre,'  a,  privative,  and  iin- 
ipavm.  'transparent.'  Catiiract  owing  to  obseurity 
of  the  central  portion  of  the  crystalline. 

CENTRAL,  Centra'lis,  from  centrum,  'the cen- 
tre.'    Relating  or  appertaining  to  the  centre. 

Central  Ar'tery  op  the  Ret'ina,  Arte'ria 
Centrn'lis  Ret'ines,  Central  Artery  of  Ziim. 
This  artery  is  given  off  from  the  arteria  oph- 
thalmica,  and  penetrates  the  optic  nerve  a  little 
behind  the  ball  of  the  eye ;  running  in  the 
axis  of  the  nerve,  and  spreading  out  into  many 
small  branches  upon  the  inside  of  the  retinn. 
When  the  nerve  is  cut  across  near  the  eye,  the 


CENTRE 


185 


CEPIIALANTIIUS 


orificp  of  the  divided  artery  is  observable.     This 
was  formerly  called  Purus  Op'ticns. 

Centual  Aspkct.  An  aspect  towards  the  cen- 
tre of  an  or<ran. — Barclay.  Centrad  is  used  bj' 
the  same  writer  adverbially,  to  signify  '  towards 
the  ocntrMl  aspect.' 

CKNTRE,  Centrum,  Kcvrpov,  (F.)  Centre.  The 
middle  point  of  a  figure  or  body. 

Ckntkk  op  Action.  The  vispus  in  which  the 
whole  or  a  great  part  of  any  function  is  executed, 
and  to  whirh  several  other  organs  contribute. 
Thus,  the  vit.al  activity  seems  to  be  wholly  cen- 
tred in  the  stomach,  during  chymification ;  in  the 
duodenum,  during  chylification.  In  like  manner, 
the  uterus  becomes  a  centre  of  action  during 
gestation. 

Ckntrk,  Ei'icias'trio.  The  ganglions  and  ner- 
vous plexuses,  formed  by  the  great  sympathetic 
and  pneumogastric  nerves,  in  the  epigastrium, 
around  the  coeliao  artery  ;  where  the  impressions 
receivi'd  from  various  parts  of  the  body  seem  to 
be  centred. 

Ckntrb  op  Fltix'ion.  The  part  towards  which 
flnids  are  particularly  attracted.  An  irritated 
organ  is  said  to  be  a  centre  of  fluxion. 

Ckntrks,  Nervous,  (F.)  Centres  nerveux.  The 
organs  whence  the  nerves  originate;  as  the  brain 
and  spinal  mnrrow. 

Ckntri;,  Optic,  see  Optic  centre. 
Ckntrk,  Oval,  Centrum  Ora'le,  C.  0.  Vieiisne'- 
vii,  Ttijiimeii'tnm  rentr!cuh>' rum  cer'ebri.  When 
the  two  hemispheres  of  the  brain  are  sliced  away, 
till  on  a  level  with  the  corpus  eallosum,  the  ine- 
dullnry  part  in  each  is  of  an  oval  shape:  hence 
rolled  centrum  nrrtle  minun,  (F.)  centre  medallnire 
l\einlHphfr((l.  The  two  centres  of  the  opposite 
sides,  together  with  the  corpus  eallosum,  form 
the  ftnlrnm  om/e  of  Vieitfi'nen«.  Vieussens  sup- 
jiosed  all  the  medullary  fibres  to  issue  from  that 
point,  and  that  it  was  the  great  dixpensatory  of 
the  nnininl  spirits. 

Ckntre,  Phrenic,  Ten'dinous  Centre  of  the 
Di'<t}ihrn<im,  Centrum  Phren'irnm  sen  Xer'venm 
sou  Tendino'snm  sen  Tendin'enm,  (F.)  Centre 
jihrfnii/iie  ou  tendine\ix  dit  Diaphrat/ine.  The 
central  aponeurosis  or  cordiform  tendon  of  the 
diaphragm. 

CeXTRK  of  SyMPATIIET'iC  TRRAniA'TIONS,  (F.) 
Centre  d' irradiations  si/mpathi<fnes.  Any  organ 
which  excites,  sympathetically,  the  action  of 
other  organs,  more  or  less  distant  from  it;  and 
with  which  it  seems  to  have  no  immediate  com- 
liiunicntion. — Alarjolin. 

Ckntre.  Tendinous,  of  the  Diaphragm, 
Centre,  phrenic. 

CKNTROMYRTNE.  Kuscns. 

OE  N  T  R  0  S  T  A  L'T  I  C,  Centrostal'ticns.  badly 
formed  from  eentrnm,  'the  centre,'  and  errtXAa),  'T 
send.'  An  epithet  apidied  by  Dr.  Marshall  Hall 
to  the  action  of  the  vis  nervosa  in  the  spinal 
centre. 

CENTRUM,  see  Vertebrae — c.  Commune,  So- 
lar plexus — c.  Nerveum,  Centre,  phrenic— o.  Op- 
ticum,  Optic  centre  —  c.  Ovale,  Centre,  oval  —  c. 
Ovale  minus,  see  Centre,  oval — e.  Ovale  of  Vieus- 
sens, Centre,  oval  —  c-.  Semieirculare  geminum, 
Twnia  semicircularis — c.  Tendinosura,  Centre, 
phrenic. 

Ckntrtim  Vit.v'le,  Nodus  seu  Fans  vita'lis, 
(F.)  Xn'iid  vital.  A  term  applied,  at  times,  to 
the  mciluUa  oblongata:  at  others,  to  the  medulla 
oMoniata,  and  the  medulla  sjiinnlis  as  far  as  the 
second  cervical  nerve  of  the  spinal  marrow,  in 
any  p:irt  of  which  a  wound  would  seem  to  be  in- 
stantly fat:il.  It  is  the  nervous  centre  of  respi- 
ration and  d<^glutition. 

CEXTRV,  Cliironiii  nngnlaris. 

CEXTU^t  CAPrT.\.  Eryngium  campestro. 

CENTUMNODI.\,  Polygonum  aviculare. 


CEP  A    A,=!CALONICA,    Bulbiis    esculentus, 
Echalotte — c.  Marina,  Scilla — c.  Victorialis,  Al- 
lium victoriale — c.  Vulgaris,  Allium  cepa. 
CEPiEA,  Veronica  beccabunga. 
CEPHAF.LINUM,  Emetine. 
CEPIL-VKLIS  IPECACUAXnA,  Ipecacuanha. 
CEPHALyE'A,   Headaeh,  (F.)    Cephalie,  from 
if£i^nXi/,  'head.'    Some  use  the  term  synonymously 
with  cephalalgia  ;  others,  for  a  periodical  head- 
ach  ;  others,  again,  for  a  more  violent  hendach 
than  cephalalgia  implies:  and  others  for  a  chronic 
headach.     The  last  was  its  ancient  signification. 
Cephaifs'n  spnsmod'iea,  Cephnlal'rfia  spnsmod'- 
ien,  C.  Niiuseo'sa,  Sick-hendncJi.  is  characterized 
by  partial,  spasmodic  pain  ;  often  shifting  from 
one  part  of  the  head  to  another:    chiefly  com- 
mencing in  the  morning,  with  sickness  and  faint- 
ncss.    It  is  extremely  apt  to  recur,  notwithstand- 
ing every  care. 

Cephal^a  Arthritica,  Cephalagra — c.  Ile- 
micrania,  Hemicrania  —  c.  Xauseosa,  C.  Spas- 
modicji — c.  Pnlsatilis,  Crotaphe. 

CEPIIAL^EMATO'MA.  (F.)  Cephalemntome, 
from  Kt.^a\r),  'head,'  and  'atfxa,  'blood;'  CephaJcR- 
mato'ma  neonato'rnm,  Eeehymo'mn  enp'itis,  E. 
capitis  recens  luito'rum,  Thrombus  neonatn'ntm, 
Absres'siis  cap'itis  snnr/uin'eiiH  neonatorum,  Tumor 
cap'itis  sanr/uiii'eus  neonato'rurn,  Cephalophy'ma, 
CranlohfEmaton' cus.  A  sanguineous  tumour,  some- 
times developed  between  the  pericranium  and  the 
bones  of  the  head  of  new-born  children.  Similar 
tumours  are  met  with  occasionally  above  other 
bones,  and  at  all  periods  of  existence, 

Cepiial^matoma  Neonatorum,  Cephala;ma- 
toma. 

C  E  P  II  A  L^  'MIA,  HijpercB'min  cer'ebri  seu 
Cap'itis,  Encephaloha'mia,  (F.)  Hyperemie  oa 
Conr/estion  du  cerveati,  Ejicephaloheniic.  II.  cire- 
hr(de,  Conr/estion  efr^hraJe.  Accumulation  of 
blond  in  the  vessels  of  the  brain. 

CEPIIALAGO'GUS,  Ccphahdne'tor,  Capiti- 
due' tor,  from  KeipiAn<  'head,'  and  ayuiyos,  'a 
leader,  a  driver.'  An  instrument  used  for  draw- 
insr  down  the  fcefal  head. 

'CEPH'ALAflRA,  from  KcJ>a\T,,  'the  head,' and 
aypa,  'seizure.'  Cephalm'a  arthrit'iea,  Jlenin- 
tfi'tis  arthrit'iea.      Gout  in  the  head. 

CEPHALAGRA'PHIA,  from  »f0aX^.  'the 
head,'  and  ypa<prt,  'a  description.'  An  anatomical 
description  of  the  head. 

CEPHALAL'GIA,  Cephalopo'nia,  CephaJo- 
dyn'ia,  Enccphahidyn'ia,  Homonopn'gia,  from 
Ktil>a\ri,  'the  head,'  and  oKyoi.  'pain:'  Encepha- 
lal'gia.  Dolor  Cap'itis  seu  cephaf'ieus.  Soda.  Pain 
in  the  head;  Headach,  (Sc.)  Hedererk,  (Prov.) 
[fedewarl,-,  (F.)  Cephahdgie.  M-il  a  tele.  Every 
kind  of  headach,  whether  symptomatic  or  idio- 
pathic, is  a  cephalalgia.  It  is  ordinarily  sympto- 
matic, and  has  to  be  treated  accordingly. 

Cephalalgia  Contagiosa,  Influenza — c.  In- 
flammatoria,  Phrenitis. 

Cephalalgia  Periop'ica,  Fchris  intermit'tenn 
eephaV ica  larva'ta.  Intermittent  headach.  Head- 
ach which  returns  periodically ;  properly,  per- 
haf)S,  a  form  of  neuralgia. 

Cephalalgia  Pilsatilis,  Crotaphe — c.  Spas- 
modica,  see  Cephahiea. 

CEPH.\LALOG"IA,  from  Kt<pa)iv.  'the  head,' 
and  Xoyof,  'a  discourse.'  An  anatomical  disser- 
tation on  the  head. 

CEPHAL.AXTHE  D'AMERIQUE,  Cepho- 
lanthus  occidentalis. 

CEPHALAN'TIIUS  OCCIDEXTA'LIS,  But- 

tonirood  shrub,  Bnttonbush,  White  Ball,  Little 
Snowball,  Swampwood,  Pond  Dognood.  Globe- 
flower,  (F.)  Cephalanthe  d' Amfriqne.  Bois  de 
ifarais.  An  ornamental  shrub,  Ord.  Rubiaceae  ; 
Sex.  Syst.  Tetrandria  Monogynia,  which  grows  all 


CEPHxVLARTICA 


186 


CERAS 


orer  the  United  States,  near  streams  and  ponds, 
and  flowers  in  July  and  August.  The  bark  of 
the  root  has  been  used  ns  an  antiperiodic  tunic. 

CEPIIALARTICA,  Cephalic  remedies. 

CEPIIALATOM'IA,  CepJwlotom'ia,  from 
Kt<pa\t],  'the  head,'  and  rcfivctv,  'to  cut.'  Ana- 
tonij',  or  dissection,  or  opening  of  the  head. 

CEPIIALE,  Head. 

CEPHALEMA  TOME,  Cephatematoraa. 

CEPIIAL'IC,  Cephnl'IcM,  Cnpita'Us.  from 
KtfuXt],  '  the  head.'  (F.)  Cephalique.  Relating 
to  the  head. 

Cephal'ic  Rrm'edies,  Cephal'ica  seu  Capita'-  I 
lia   remed'ia,  are  remedies  capable  of  relieving 
affections    of    the   head,    especially    headach : — 
Cephalnr'tico. 

Cephal'ic  Vein,  Venn  Cephal'ica  seu  Cap'- 
itiii,  (P.)  Veiiie  cephnliquBy  V'iine  rndinle  cutanee 
of  Chaussier.  The  great  superficial  vein  at  the 
outer  part  of  the  arm  and  fore-arm.  It  begins 
on  the  back  of  the  hand,  by  a  number  of  radicles, 
■which  unite  into  a  single  trunk,  called  the  Ceph- 
alic of  the  Thumb,  Cephcd'ica  Pol'licis,  (F.)  Veiiie 
cephaliqite  dn  ponce.  It  ascends  along  the  ante- 
rior and  outer  part  of  the  fore-arm,  where  it  forms 
the  siiperjleial  radi(d.  At  the  fold  of  the  elbow 
it  receives  the  median  cephalic,  ascends  along  the 
outer  edge  of  the  biceps,  and  opens  into  the  axil- 
lary vein.  The  name  Cr-phalic  was  given  to  it  by 
the  ancients,  because  they  thought  it  had  some 
connection  with  the  head,  and  fhiit  blood-letting 
ought  to  be  performed  on  it.  in  head  affections. 

Chaussier  calls  the  internal  jugular,  Vciiie  ce- 
phalique, and  the  primary  or  common  carotid, 
Artere  cephalique. 

CEPHALIDIUM,  see  Caput, 

CEPHALI'NE.  The  base  or  root  of  the  tongue. 
— Gorrseus. 

CRPIIALIS.  see  Caput. 

CEPHALITIS,  Phrenitis. 

CEPHALIUM,  see  Caput. 

CEPIIALODUCTOR,  Cephalagogus. 

CEPIIALODYM'IA,  E„cephalod,/m'ia;  from 
KtipaKri,  'head,'  and  ivu),  'I  enter  into.'  A  class 
of  double  monstrosities,  in  which  the  heads  are 
united.  It  is  divided  into  two  genera,  Fronto- 
di/m'ia  a.r\d  Brer/matndi/)ii'ia:  in  the  former  the 
union  being  between  the  ossa  frontis  ;  in  the  lat- 
ter between  the  bregmata. — Cruveilhier. 

CEPHALODYNIA,  Cephalalgia. 

CEPlIALrRDEMA,  Hydrocephalus. 

CEPHALOG'RAPHY,"  Cephalngraph'ia;  from 
KtfaX)],  'head,'  and  ypa(pri,  'a  description.'  An 
anatomical  description  of  the  head. 

CEPHALOID,  Encephaloid. 

CEVn ALOW OdY,  Cephnlolog"ia;  from  Ki(j)a)^V, 
and  ^oyoi.  'a  discourse.'     A  treatise  on  the  bead. 

CEPHALOMA,  Encephaloid. 

CEPHALOM'ELUS.  (F.)  Cephalomele ;  from 
Kt<pa\ri,  'head,'  and  ^ueXo;,  'a  limb.'  A  monster 
having  one  or  two  accessory  limbs  on  the  head. 
—I.  a.  St.  Hilaire. 

CEPHALO-MENINGITIS,  Meningo-cephali- 
tis. 

CEPHALOM'ETER,  (P.)  Cephahmiltre,  from 
Ki<paXri,  'the  head,'  and  iitrpov,  'measure.'  An 
instrument  for  measuring  the  different  dimensions 
of  the  fcetal  head,  during  the  process  of  accouche- 
ment.    A  kind  of  forceps. 

CEPHALON'OSUS,  from  «0aX;,,  'the  head.' 
and  voaoi,  'disease.'  This  term  has  been  applied 
to  the  Fehris  Hniu/ar' ica.  in  which  the  head  was 
much  affected.  See  Fever.  Hungaric.  Others 
have  so  called  anv  cerebral  disease  or  fever. 

CEPlIALOPAiiES,  Svmphvocephalus. 

CEPH'ALO-PHARYNG^'US,  from  «0aA^, 
'the  head.'  and  <papvy^,  'the  pharynx:'  belonging 
to  the  head  and  pharynx.     Winslow  has  given 


this  name  to  the  portion  of  the  constrictor  pin. 
ryngiH  giiperiiir,  wliich  is  attached,  above,  to  the 
inferior  surface  of  the  basilary  process  of  the  os 
occipitis.  The  Ceph'alo-pharyntjc'al  Aponenro'. 
sin  is  a  thin,  fibrous  membrane,  which  is  attached 
to  the  basilary  process,  and  gives  insertion  to  the 
fibres  of  the  constrictor  superior  pharyiiqts. 

CEPHALOPllYMA,  Cephalaematoma. 

CEPHALOPONIA,  Cephalalgia. 

CEPHALO-RACMIDIAN,  Cuphalo-spinal. 

CEPHALOSOMATODYiM'IA,  Encephal„m. 
matodj/in'ia ;  from  KctpaXtj,  '  he»,d,'  erco/za,  '  Ixidy,' 
and  Svtii,  'I  enter  into.'  A  double  monstrosiij-, 
in  which  the  union  is  between  the  heads  and  the 
trunks.  Of  this  there  are  varieties  : — for  exam- 
yile,  [nfrn-7naxillostcrmodytn'ia,  where  the  union 
is  with  the  inferior  maxillary  hones  and  stormi  ; 
and  Prosoposternodym'ia,  between  the  faces  and 
sterna. — Cruveilhier. 

CEPHALO-SPINAL,  Cejihalo-spino'lis.  Ceph'. 
alo-rachid' ian,  Encejih'alo-rachid'liiii,  Cer'ebro- 
spinal,  Cer'ebro-raeh  id'  iati,  Cr(fnio-spina!.  A 
hybrid  term,  from  KKJiaXri,  '  iiead,'  and  spina, 
'spine.'     Belonging  to  the  head  and  spine. 

Cr.PH'ALO-SPlNAL  Fluid,  Cejihalu-rachid'ian 
.fluid,  Cer'ehro-spinal  fluid,  Flu'idinn  cer'cbrn- 
spiiia'le,  Subarachnoid' can  fluid,  (P.)  Liqidilc 
cephalo-rachidien,  is  an  exhaled  fluid,  which  is 
found  beneath  the  arachnoid,  wherever  pia  mater 
exists  in  connexion  with  the  brain  and  spiuid 
cord.  It  seems  to  have  a  protecting  office,  and 
to  keep  up  a  certain  degree  of  pressure  on  the 
organ — at  least  in  the  spinal  canal. 

CEPHALOTHORACOSTERU'MENUS,  from 
KC(pa\ri,  'head.'  Ouipa^,  'the  chest,'  and  ortgav,  'to 
rob.'     A  monster  without  head  or  chest. 

CEPHALOTOMIA.  Eccephalosis. 

GEPHALOTHIBE,  (P.)  An  instrument  in- 
vented by  Baudelocque,  the  nephew,  for  crushing 
the  head  of  the  foetus  in  utero;  from  Kt(ji(i\ri,  'the 
head,'  and  rpifiw,  '  I  bruise.'  It  consists  of  .1 
strong  forceps,  the  blades  of  which  are  solid:  16 
lines  broad,  and  3  thick.  The  handles  are  per- 
forated at  their  extremity  to  receive  a  screw  with 
three  threads,  the  direction  of  which  is  very  ob- 
lique, so  as  to  allow  great  rapidity  of  rotation, 
and  the  screw  is  moved  by  a  winch  6  inches  long, 
to  increase  the  force  of  the  pressure.  The  bones 
of  the  head  are  easily  crushed  by  it. 

CEPHALOTRIP'SY^  Cephalotrip'sia ;  same 
etymon  as  Cephalotrihe.  The  operation  of  crush- 
ing the  head  of  the  foetus  in  utero. 

CEPHALOTRYPESIS,  Trepanning. 

CEPHALOXIA,  Torticollis. 

CEPULLA,  Allium  cepa. 

CER.  Heart. 

CERA  PLAVA  et  CERA  ALBA,  Ceroi,  Yel- 
low  and  White  Wa.r,  (F.)  Cire  Jaune  et  Blanclie. 
An  animal  substance  prepared  by  the  bee,  and 
by  some  plants,  as  the  Cerox'ylon  and  Myri'm 
ceri/'era.  Its  colour  is  yellow,  and  smell  like 
that  of  honey,  but  both  are  lost  by  bleaching. 
It  is  demulcent  and  emollient;  is  sometimes  given 
in  the  form  of  emulsion,  in  diarrhoea  and  dysen- 
tery, but  is  chiefly  used  in  cerates  and  ointments. 

CER^'j35,  from  Kepas,  'a  horn,'  Kcpaiai.  The 
Cornua  of  the  uterus. — Rufus  of  Ephesus. 

CERAM'ICE,  Cerami'tis,  from  ^:ijuf,n<,  'potter's 
earth.'  A  sort  of  earth  used  as  a  cataplasm  in 
peripneumony. — Hippocrates. 

CERAMIUM,  Amphora — c.  Helminthocbortus, 
Coraliina  Corsicana. 

CERAMNIUM,  Amphora. 

CEHAMURIA,  see  Urine. 

CERANTIIEMUS,  Propolis. 

CERAS,  Ktpa;,  'genitive,'  Kcparc^,  'horn,'  Cor- 
nu ;  also,  the  Cornea.  Hence,  Ccratcctoruia,  Ce- 
ra tocele,  &c. 


CERASION 


] 


CERATOTOMIA 


CERASION,  see  Prunus  cera^us. 
CKIIAS'MA,  from  Ktpavvvjn,  'to  mix:'  some- 
thiii);  mixed.     A  mixture  of  hot  and  cold  water. 
Metdienm'  inn. — Gorraeus. 

CKRA.SUiM,  see  Prunus  cerasus. 
CEllASUS  ACIUA,  Prunus  cernsus  — c.  Avi- 
um, Prunus  avium,  P.  nigra  —  c.  Dulcis,  Prunus 
nigra  —  c.  Horlcnsis,  Prunus  cerasus  —  c.  Lauro- 
cera.sus,  Prunus  laurocerasus  —  c.  Padus,  Prunus 
padus  —  c.  lla(!emosus  sylvestris,  Prunus  padus 
— c.  Rulira,  Prunus  eerasus — c.  Serotina,  Prunus 
Virginiana — c.  Virginiana,  Prunus  Virginiana  — 
c.  Vulgaris,  Prunus  eerasus. 

VfJIlAT  BLANC  ou  I)E  n ALIEN,  Ceratum 
Galeni — c.  de  IShinc  de  ISideine,  Ceratum  cetacei 
—  c.  de  Goidiird,  Ceratum  piunibi — c.  pour  lea 
Levrei,  Cerate  fur  tile  li|)S — c.  de  Plmub  compote, 
Ceratum  pluml)i  compositum  —  c.  de  Snvon,  Ce- 
rntum  Saponis — c.  de  Siiraeitate  de  j^ioinb,  Cera- 
tum plumbi  superaeetatis. 

CE'RATK,  Cera'tum,  from  Ktioai,  Lat.  cerg, 
'wax,'  Cefelfs' Hin,  Cero'nia,  Curo' iiiiim,  Cero'tinn, 
Curo'lcnm,  Oleo-eero'tuni,  Cerrtlotiinhu/'ina,  (F.) 
Cernt,  Oleo-cerole,  E/aorerole,  Ci'rr'ol^,  Lijxtroide. 
A  composition  of  wax,  oil,  or  lard,  without  other 
ingredients. 

Ckiivtk,  Simple  Cerate,  Cern'tnm,  Cera'tum 
simpler  (Ph.  U.  S.)^  (F.)  Cerat  Simple.  (White 
wn.r,  ^\v,  Lard,  ,^viij.)  It  is  applied  as  an 
emollient  to  excoriations,  <tc.  See  Ceratum  Ce- 
tacei. 

CmiATK,  lBKi,r.EVir.iiK's,  see  Unguentum  Ily- 
drargyri  nitrico-oxydi. 

Ckrate  of  Cal'ami\k,  Cera'tum.  Calami'nai 
Seu  CalnniiiicB  praipar<i't(P,  seu  Carbona'tiH  ztiici 
impn'ri  seu  Zinci  Carboiia'tis  seu  lap'idis  Ca- 
Itiiuiiin'ria  seu  cpalot'icnm,  Cerate  of  Carbonate 
of  Zinc,  Turner's  Cerate,  He<din;/  Salve,  (F.) 
Cer((t  de  Pierre  CalaniinaJre,  C.  de  (-alamine. 
{Calamin.,  Cercp,  Jlava,  aa  "^W},  adipiK,  tbj.  Melt 
the  wax  and  lard  together,  and,  on  cooling,  add 
the  carbonate  of  zinc  and  stir  till  cool,- — -Ph.  U.  S.) 
ClillATl-;  OF  Caxthaii'iDKS,  Cera'tum  Canthar'- 
idis  seu  /^i/ltcB,  Blinter  Ointment,  Ointment  of 
Spaninh  Flies,  Unguen'tum  ad  vesicato'ria  seu 
Pul'veris  Ifel'oei  veaieato'rii  seu  ejiiipas'ticunt 
for'tiun,  (F.)  Cerat  de  Cautharidex.  (Spermaceti 
cerate  '^v],  Cantharides  in  pourder,  ^j.  The 
cerate  being  softened  by  heat,  stir  in  the  flies.) 
This  cerate  of  the  European  Pharmacopoeias  is 
used  to  l<eep  blisters,  issues,  <fec.,  open.  See  Un- 
guentum LyttiB.  For  the  Cerate  of  Spanish  flies 
of  the  U.  S.  Pharmacopoeia,  see  Emplastrum 
Lytt;\i. 

Ceuate,  Goulard's,  Ceratum  plumbi  compo- 
situm. 

Ckkatr,  Kirkland's  Nfutral.  ^(Diachyl. 
IJviij,  oUm  oil  ^iv,  2}i'ep">'''<i  chidk  ^\'v  :  when 
nearly  cool,  add  Aeet.  dent.  ^W,  plumb  siiperacet. 
giijj     A  cooling  emollient. 

Curate  or  Poma'tiim  for  thf.  Lips,  Cera'tum 
labia'le  rubrum,  Pomma'tum  ad  labia  dcmnlcen'- 
da. — Pii.  P.  (F.)  Cerat  ou  Pommade  }}our  les 
livren,  (]Vajc  9  parts;  oil  16  parts;  —  coloured 
with  alkanet.) 

Cerate,  Lead,  Compound,  Ceratum  plumbi 
compositum. 

Ceuatk,  Marshall's.  (Palm  oil  ^\''\.  calomel 
,^j.  «".'/«'•  "/  lead  5ss,  ointment  of  nitrate  of  mer- 


Ceratf,   Rksis,  Compound,  Ceratum  Resinse 

compositum c.    Snvine,    Ceratum    sabinre  —  c. 

Soap,  Ceratum  sjiponis— e.  Spermaceti,  Ceratum 
cetat-ei c.  of  Superacetnte  or  sugar  of  lead,  Ce- 
ratum plumbi  superaeetatis  —  c.  Turner's,  Cerate 
of  Calamine  —  c.  of  Carbonate  of  zinc.  Cerate  of 
calamine. 

CERATECTOJI'IA,  from   Kcpas,  Kcparos,  'the 


cornea,'   and    tKTOfios,   'cut    out.'     An    incision 
through  the  cornea.     See  Ceratotomia. 
CERATIA,  Ceratonium  siliqua. 
CERATI'ASIS,  Keruli'asin,  from  xtpat,  (ctparo;, 
'horn.'     A    morbid   condition    characterized   by 
corneous  growths. 
CERATION,  Siliqua. 

CERATI'TIS,  Kerati'tis,  from  Kcca;,  Kcparog, 
'the  cornea,'  and  itis,  'inflammation.'  Inflam- 
mation of  the  cornea,  Cerati'tis,  Ceratode'i'tin, 
Keralodei'tin,  Ceratomeninyi'tis,  Cornei'tis,  In- 
Jiamma'lio  cor'nccB. 

CERATIUM,  Ceratonium  siliqua. 
CER'ATO.    In  composition,  relating  or  apper- 
taining to  the  cornua  of  the  os  hyoides,  or  to  the 
cornea.  _ 

CERATOCE'LE.  Keratoce'le,  Aqunla,    lira', 
tio,  Prominen'tia  Cor'ncas,  Hernia  Cor'nece,  Cera- 
todeoce'le,  from   xtpa;,  Keparof,  'horn,'  and  Kn)^'iy 
'tumour.'     A  protrusion  of  the  transparent  cor- 
nea, or  rather  of  the  membrane  of  the  aqueous 
humour,  through  an  opening  in  the  cornea. 
CERATODEITIS,  Ceratitis. 
CERATODEOCELE,  Ceratocele. 
CERATODEONYXIS.  Ceratonyxis. 
CERATODES  MEMCRANA,  Cornea. 
CERATOGLOS'SUS,  Kerato,jU,H'euH,  from  ce- 
rata,  and  yXmaaa,  '  the  tOngue.'     A  muscle,  ex- 
tending from  the  great  cornu  of  the  os  hyoides  to 
the  base  of  the  tongue.     It  is  a  part  of  the  hyo- 
glossus. 

CERATOIDES,  Cornea. 
CERATOLEUCOMA,  Leucoma. 
CERATO'MA,   Cerato'sis,  from    Ktpai,  Keparo;, 
'horn.'     A  horny  growth,  or  horny  formation. 

CER'ATO-.MALA'CIA,  A'er'ato-mala'ci((,  from 
Ktpai,  Kcparos,  'cornea,'  and  jjtaXuKta,  'softness.' 
Softening  of  the  cornea,  the  result  of  inflamma- 
tion or  of  starvation. 

CERATO-MALAGMA.  Cerate. 
CERATO-MENINGITIS,  Ceratitis. 
CERATO-MENINX,  Cornea. 
CERATO'NIA,  SIL'IQUA,  from  Ktpai,  Kcparoi, 
'a   horn'  —  from   its   hornlike  pod.     The    Camb 
Tree,  Cera'tium,  Cera'tia,  Sil'iqua  dulcis,  Cnro'- 
ba  Alnahati,   Sweetpod,    (F.)    Carouhier,    (Fruit, 
Carouge.)     This — the  fruit  of  the  Ceratonia  sili- 
qua— is  mucilaginous,  and  employed  in  decoction 
where  mueilages  are  indicated. 

CERATONYX'IS,  Keratonyx'is,  Ceratodeo- 
nyx'is,  from  «£pas,  Actparo;,  'the  cornea,'  and  vva- 
au),  'I  puncture.'  An  operation  by  which  the 
crystalline  is  depressed  b^-  means  of  a  needle  in- 
troduced into  the  eye  through  the  cornea.  Some 
divide  the  crystalline  into  fragments  with  the 
needle,  and  leave  them  to  the  action  of  the  ab- 
sorbents. The  operation  is  as  old  as  the  17th 
century. 

CER'ATO-PIIARYNGE'US,  A'er'«?o-PAar?/n- 
(je'us,  from  cerato,  and  <papvy^,  '  the  pharj-nx.' 
The  great  and  small  Cer'ato-pharynge'i  are  small 
fleshy  bundles,  forming  part  of  the  Hyopharyn- 
geua  of  Winslow.  _ 

CERATOPLAS'TICE,  Cer'atoplasty,  Ker'ato- 
plasty,  from  xcpag,  Kcparos,  '  the  Cornea,'  and  TrAiiir- 
Ti/cos,  '  forming,  formative.'  The  operation  for  the 
formation  of  an  artificial  cornea.  It  has  not  been 
practised  on  man. 

CERATORRUEX'IS,  Ruptn'ra  cor'necn,  from 
Ktpai,  KcpnToq,  'the  cornea,'  and  pJi^t;,  'rupture.' 
Rupture  of  the  cornea. 
CERATOSIS,  Ceratoma. 

CER'ATO-STAPHYLI'NUS,  Ker'ato-staphy. 
li'uus,  from  cerato,  and  araipvXr),  'the  uvula.' 
Some  fleshy  fibres  of  the  Thyro-staphylinus  of 
AVinslow. 

CERATOTO'MIA,  Ceratectom'ia,  from  Ktpa?, 
KtpiiTOi,  'cornea,'  and  Teftveiv,  'to  cut.'  Section 
of  the  transparent  cornea.     This  incision  is  used 


CERATOTOMUS 


188 


CEREBELLTTIS 


in  the  operation  for  cataract,  to  give  exit  to  pus 
effused  in  tlie  eve,  in  case  of  hypopyon,  Ac. 

CERATOT'OMUS,  Kei-aM'omus,  Kerat'omiis, 
from  K!.,,ac.,  Kcparoi,  'cornea,'  and  rtfxvtiv,  'to  cut. 
A  name  given  by  Wenzel  to  his  linife  for  dividing 
the  trnnsparent  cornea,  in  tlie  operation  for  cata- 
ract. Many  modifications  of  the  instrument  have 
been  made  since  Wenzel's  time.  See  Knife,  ca- 
taract. 

CEIIATUM,  Cerate— c.  Album,  Ceratum  ceta- 
cei,  Ceratum  Galeni — c.  de  Altha;a,  Unguentum 
de  Altlut>a—  c.  Calamine,  Cerate  of  Calamine — 
c.  Cantharidis,  Cerate  of  Cantharides,  Emplas- 
trum  Lytta; — c.  de  Cerussa,  Unguentum  plumbi 
subearbonatis. 

Ckua'tum  Ceta'cei,  C.  Spermacet'i  sen  alhiim 
seu  ceti  seu  simplex  (Ph.  E.),  Unguen'iiim  Ceta'- 
cei (Ph.  D.)  seu  adipoce'rce.  cetn'nim,  Linimen'- 
tiim  album,  Emplns'trum  Sperm'atis  Ceti,  Sperma- 
ceti Cerate,  (F.)  Cerat  de  blanc  de  haleine,  0»- 
gitent  blanc.  (Spermaceti,  §j  ;  white  icax,  ^iij  ; 
olive  oil,  f  ^vi.  Ph.  U.  S.)  A  good  emollient  to 
ulcers,  &c. 

Ckratum  Ceti,  Ceratum  cetacei  —  c.  Cicutas, 
Ceratum  conii — c.  Citrinura,  Ceratum  resinse. 

Cera'tdm  Coni'i.  Cera'titm  Cicu'ta.  {Ung. 
conii,  Ibj  j  cetacei,  ^ij  ;  cercB  ulbcR,  §iij-)  A  for- 
mula in  Bartholomew's  Hospital ;  occasionally 
a]'plied  to  cancerous,  scrofulous  sores,  <fcc. 
Ckhatum  Epuloticum,  Cerate  of  calamine. 
Ceka'tum  Gale'ni,  C.  album  seu  refrig"eranH 
Gale'ni,  Uiigiien'tum  cera'tum  seu  amygdali'num 
seu  simplex,  Emplas'trum  ad  fontic'ulos,  O'leo- 
cera'tum  aqua  subac'tuni.  Cold  Cream,  (F.)  Cerat 
blanc  ou  de  Gamen.  (White  wax,  4  parts;  oil 
of  stoeet  almonds,  16  parts  ;  add,  when  melted, 
tcater  or  rose-water,  12  parts.  Ph.  P.)  A  mild 
application  to  chaps,  &c. 

Ceha'tum  HyDnAR'GYni  Compos'itum,  Com- 
pound Cerate  of  Mercury.  (Ung.  Hydrarg..  Ce- 
rat. S:/pon.  Conip.,  aa,  ^vj;  Camphor,  ^^iss. 
Rub  together.  Ph.  L.)  A  discutieat  to  indolent 
tumours. 

Ceratum  Labiale  Rubrum,  Cerate  for  the 
lips  —  c.  Lapidis  calaminaris,  Cerate  of  calamine 
—  c.  Lithargyri  acetati  compositum,  Ceratum 
plumbi  compositum — c.  Lyttae,  Cerate  of  cantha- 
rides— c.  Mcrcuriale,  Unguentum  hydrargyri — c. 
Picatum,  Pissela3um. 

Ceratum  PutMBi  Compos'itum,  C.  Lithar'gyri 
Aceta'ti  Compos'itum  seu  Subaceta'ti  plumbi  medi- 
ca'tum  seu  Plumbi  Snbaceta'tis  (Ph.  U.  S.)  seu  Sa- 
tur'ni.  Compound  Lead  Cerate,  Goulard's  Cerate, 
Goulard's  Ointment,  (F.)  Cerat  de  Goulard,  C.  de 
Plomb  compose.  (Liq.  plumb,  subacet.,  ^iiss; 
cene  Jlavee,  ,^iv;  ol.  oiiv.,  ,^ix  ;  camphorm,  ^^s. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  Its  virtues  are  the  same  as  the  next. 
Ceratum  Plumbi  Superaceta'tis,  C.  Plumbi 
Aceta'tis,  Unguentum  Cents' sa  Aceta'tcB,  Cerate 
of  Superacetate  or  Sugar  of  Lead,  Unguentum  Ace- 
latis  Plumbi,  (F.)  Cerat  de  suracetcte  de  Plomb. 
(jicetate  of  lend,  ^'j  ;  tohite  wax,  ,^ij;  olive  oil, 
Jbss.)     Cooling  and  astringent. 

Ceratum  Refrigerans  Galeni,  Ceratum  Ga- 
leni. 

Ceratum  Resi'njs,  C.  Resi'um  flava  seu  cit'ri- 
lium,  Uuguen'tum  hasil'icon  floiuim  seu  liesi'nee 
j'accB  seu  Resino'sum,  Resin  Cerate  or  Ointmeut, 
Yellow  Hasil'icon,  Basil' icon  Ointment.  (Resin. 
jJav.,  ^v ;  CercB  flav.,  '^i'y,  Adipis,  ,^viij.  Ph. 
U.  S.)  A  stimulating  application  to  old  ulcers, 
<tc.     Dii^estive. 

Dr.  Smellomk's  Ointment  for  the  Eyes  consists 
of  finely  powdered  verdigris,  Jss,  rubbed  with 
oil,  and  then  mixed  with  an  ounce  of  ceratum 
resinm. 

Ceratum  Resi'nvE  Compos'itum,  Compound 
Jtesin  Cerate,  (Resin.,  Sevi,  Cerce  flavce,  aa,  tb j  ; 
Terebinth.,  Vb&s ;   OL  Lini,  Oss.    Deahler'a  Salve. 


Melt  together,  strain  through  linen,  and  stir  till 
cool.     Ph.  U.  S.) 

Ceratum  Sabi'-NjE,  Un/ruentum  Sabinm,  Saving 
Cerate,  (F.)  Chat  de  Sabine.  (Savine,  in  pow- 
der, 5ij;  Resin  Cerate,  Ibj.  Ph.  U.  S.  Irrita- 
tive, 'drawing.'  Used  in  the  same  cases  as  the 
cerate  of  cantharides. 

Ceratum  Sapo'nis,  C.  Sapo'nis  Compos'itum, 
Soap  Cerate,  (F.)  Cerat  de  Savon.  (Liq.J'lumb, 
subacet  at.,  OVy,  Sapon,  '^x'y,  Cera  alba,  ^x.  ;  01. 
olircB,  Oj.  Roil  the  solution  of  subacetate  of  lead 
with  the  soap  over  a  slow  fire,  to  the  consistence 
of  honey  :  then  transfer  to  awater-bath,  and  eva- 
porate until  all  the  moisture  is  dissipated  ;  lastly, 
add  the  wax,  previously  melted  with  the  oil,  and 
mix.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  applied  in  cases  of  sprains 
or  fractures, 

Ceratum  Saturni,  Ceratum  plumbi  composi- 
tum—  c.  Simplex,  Cerate,  simple,  Ceratum  ceta- 
cei— c.  Spermaceti,  Ceratum  cetacei — c.  Sul)ace- 
tati  plumbi  medicatum,  Ceratum  plumbi  composi- 
tum— c.  Tetrapharmacum,  Pissela'um. 

Ceratum  Zinci  Carbonatis,  Cerate  of  Car- 
bonate of  Zinc.  (Zinci  carbonat.  prceparat.,  Jij  ; 
Ung.  simpl.,  ^x.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  in  the  same 
cases  as  the  Ceratum  calaminae. 

CERAU'NION,  from  Kipawos,  'thunder,'  'a 
thunderbolt.'  Lapis  fulmin'eus.  A  kind  of  stone, 
which  was  believed  to  be  formed  during  thunder; 
and  to  be  possessed  of  the  power  of  inducing 
sleep,  and  numerous  other  prophylactic  virtues. 
It  was  rubbed  on  the  knee,  breast,  &c.,  in  swell- 
ings of  those  parts. 

CERBERA  AIIOVAI,  see  Strychnine. 

Cerbera  Taughin,  Taughin' ia,  T.  veneuif'era. 
A  tree  of  Madagascar,  Order,  Apocynaceas;  the 
kernel  of  whose  fruit  is  a  deadly  poison  ;  and  al- 
though not  larger  than  an  almond  is  sufficient  to 
destroy  twenty  peojile. 

Ckrbera  Thevetia,  see  Strychnine. 

CERBERUS  TRICEPS,  Pulvis  cornachini. 

CERCA'RIA,  from  ke/jkoj,  'a  tail.'  A  genus 
of  agastric,  caudate,  infusory  animalcules,  one  of 
the  most  curious  of  which  inhabits  the  tartar  of 
the  teeth.  The,  so  called,  spermatozoa  have  been 
presumed  by  some  to  belong  to  this  genus. 

CERCHNASMUS,  Corchnus. 

CERCHNOMA,  Cerchnus. 

CERCIINUS,  Cerchnas'mns,  Cerchnvm,  Cerch- 
no'mn,  from  /ccp;^)/£iu,  '  I  render  hoarse.'  A  rough 
voice  produced  by  hoarseness.     See  Rattle. 

CERCIFIS,  Tragopogon  porrifolium. 

CER'CIS,  K[pKis.  A  sort  of  pestle  for  reducing 
substances  to  powder.  Also,  the  radius  or  small 
bone  of  the  arm.     See  Pilum,  and  Radius. 

CERCLE,  Circulus— c.  de  la  Choroide,  Ciliary 
ligament — c.  Ciliare,  Ciliary  ligament. 

CERCO'SIS,  from  KipKos,  'a  tail.'  Men'lvla 
mulie'bris,  the  Clit'oris.  Some  authors  have  cm- 
ployed  the  word  synonymously  with  nymphoma- 
nia and  elongation  of  the  clitoris;  and  with  Poly- 
pus Uteri,  the  Sarco'mn  Cerco'sis  of  Sauvages. 

Cercosis  Clitoridis,  Clitorism  —  c.  Externa, 
Clitorisra. 

CEREA,  Cerumen. 

CEREA'LIA,  from  Ceres,  'goddess  of  corn.' 
(F.)  Cereales  (Plantes.)  The  ccrealia  are  gra- 
mineous plants,  the  seed  of  which  serve  for  the 
nourishment  of  man  : — as  wheat,  barley,  rye,  <fcc. 
At  times,  the  same  term  is  applied  to  some  of  the 
leguminous  plants. 

CEREBARIA,  Careharia. 

CEREBEL'LA  URI'NA.  Urine  of  a  whitish 
appearance,  of  the  colour  of  the  brain  or  cerebel- 
lum, from  which  Paracelsus  thought  he  could 
distinguish  diseases  of  that  organ. 

CEREBELLI'TIS,  badly  formed  from  cere- 
bellum and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Paren- 
cejjhali'tis,  Injlumma'tio  cerebel'li.    Inflammation 


CEREBELLOUS 


189 


CERFEUIL 


of  the  cerebellum:  a  variety  of  phrenitis  or  ence- 
phalitis. 

CERKDEL'LOUS,  Cerebello'sua,  from  cerebel- 
lum, '  the  \\U\ti  braia.'  (Y.)  Uerihellenx.  Chaus- 
aier  ha?  given  this  epithet  to  the  vessels  of  the 
cerebellum.  Tlie-'e  are  three  in  number;  two 
of  whieh  are  inferior  :  the  larger,  inferior  cere- 
hdli,  which  arises  from  the  posterior  cerebral  or 
vertebral;  and  the  smaller,  whose  existence  is 
not  constant,  from  the  meso-cephalic  orbasilary  : 
— the  third,  called  A.  cerehelleuHe  nupSrienre  (««- 
jjerior  cerebelli,)  is  also  a  branch  of  the  basilary. 

CKitr.BKL'Lous  Ap'oplbxy,  Apnplex'ia  cere- 
heUii'Kti  :  apoplexy  of  the  cerebellum. 

CKREBKL'LUM,  diminutive  of  Cerebrum; 
Cerebrum  p'trviim  seu.  potte'rius,  Appen'dix  ad 
cer'ebrnm.  Encrn'nion,  Encra'nin,  Epencrii'nis, 
Pnrencepli'a/is,  Parenceph'ulnn,  Parencepih'alnm, 
EncephitVinm,  Enceph'alus  opin'thius,  3ficrence- 
pha Hum,  J/icrenceph'ulum,  Little  brain  (P.)  Cer- 
velef.  A  portion  of  the  medullary  mass,  con- 
tained in  the  cavity  of  the  cranium.  It  fills  the 
lower  occipital  fossae  below  the  tentorium,  and 
embraces  the  tuber  annulare  and  medulla.  It  is 
composed,  like  the  brain,  of  vesicular  and  tubu- 
lar substance,  arranged  in  laminae,  as  it  were; 
so  that,  when  a  section  is  made  of  it,  it  has  an 
arborescent  appearance,  calleil  Arbnr  vitas.  The 
cerebellum  is  divided  into  two  lobes  or  lieniinphercn 
or  lateral  manKen,  Lobui  superior  anterior  seu 
quadranifula'rin,  and  Lobns  superior  posterior  seu 
semiluna'ris.  and  each  lobe  is  again  subdivided 
into  Mo\itic'uli  or  Lobules.  In  the  cerebellum 
are  to  be  observed  the  crura  cerebelli,  the  fourth 
ventricle,  the  ralvuln  magna  cerebri,  the  processus 
venniculares,  superior  and  inferior,  &c. 

CER'EBRAL,  Oerebru'lis,  (F.),  Cerebral,  from 
cerebrum,  '  the  brain.'  Belonging  to  the  brain ; 
similar  to  brain. 

Crrebual  Apophysis,  Pineal  gland. 

Cerebral  Ar'teries  are  three  on  each  side  : 
—  the  anterior  or  arterij  of  the  corpus  callnsum, 
and  the  middle,  arte'ria  Si/loia'na,  are  furnished 
by  the  internal  carotid:  —  the  posterior  or  jmste- 
rior  and  inferior  artery  of  the  brain,  A.  profunda 
cerebri,  arises  from  the  vertebral.  Chaussier 
calls  these  arteries  lobnires,  because  they  corre- 
spond with  the  anterior,  middle,  and  posterior 
lobes,  whilst  he  calls  the  trunks,  whence  they 
originate,  cerebral. 

Cerebral  Nerves  are  those  which  arise  with- 
in the  cranium,  (F.)  Nerfs  craniens,  all  of  which, 
perhaps,  with  the  "exception  of  the  olfactory,  ori- 
ginate from  the  medulla  oblongata.     See  Nerves. 

In  Pdthohxjij,  an  affection  is  called  cerebral, 
which  specially  occupies  the  brain.  Fievre  c^r^- 
brale.  Cerebral  fever,  is  a  variety  in  which  the 
head  is  much  affected. 

CEREBRA'TION,  Cerebratio,  from  cerebrum, 
'the  brain.'  The  action  of  the  brain  during  any 
mental  or  moral  manifestation. 

CEREHRIFORM.  Encephaloid. 

CEREBRITIS,  Phrenitis. 

CERKDROPATIIY,  see  Nervous  diathesis. 

CEREnRO-MALACIA.  MoUities  cerebri. 

CEREBRO-RACIIIDIAN,  Cephalo-spinal. 

CEREBRO-SPINAL,  Cephalo-spinal.  Acrre- 
hro-spin'il  or  cercbro-spinant  is  a  neurotic,  which 
exercises  a  special  influence  over  one  or  more 
functions  of  the  brain  and  spinal  cord,  and  their 
respective  nerves. — Pereira. 

Cerebuo-Spin'at,  Axis,  see  Encephalon. 

CEREBRO-SPINANT.  Cerobro-spinal. 

CER'HBRUM  or  CERE'BRUM,  from  Kapa, 
'the  head.'  Tlio  brain.  (F.)  Cerveau,  Ccrrelle. 
This  term  is  sotnotimcs  applied  to  the  whole  of 
the  contents  of  ilio  cranium  :  at  others,  to  the 
upper  portion  ; — the  posterior  and  inferior  being 
called  corebcUum.     The  brain,  properly  so  called, 


extends  from  the  os  frontis  to  the  superior  occi- 
pital fossae.  Anteriorly,  it  rests  on  the  orbitar 
vault :  behind  this,  on  the  middle  fossa;  of  the 
base  of  the  cranium ;  and,  posteriorly,  on  the  ten- 
torium cerebello  superextensum.  The  upper  anr- 
facc  is  divided  by  a  deep  median  cleft  (.Scissure 
iuterlobaire,  —  Ch.)  into  two  halyes,  called  hemi- 
spheres, which  are  united  at  the  base  by  the 
corpus  eallosnm.  At  its  surface  are  numerous 
convolutions.  The  inferior  surface  exhibits,  from 
before  to  behind,  three  lobes,  distinguished  into 
anterior,  middle,  and  posterior.  The  middle  is 
separated  from  the  anterior  by  the  fissure  of 
Sylvius;  and  from  the  posterior,  by  a  shallow 
furrow  which  corresponds  to  the  upper  portion  of 
the  pars  petrosa.  Internally,  the  brain  has,  oa 
the  median  line,  the  corpus  callosum,  septum 
lucidum,  fornix,  pineal  gland,  and  third  ventricle: 
—  and  laterally,  the  lateral  ventricles,  in  which 
are  the  corpora  striata,  optic  thalami,  &c.  It  ia 
contained  in  a  triple  envelope,  (see  Meninges.) 
Its  texture  is  pulpy,  and  varies  according  to  age. 
Two  substances  may  be  distinguished  in  it  —  the 
white,  medullart/,  tubular  or  fibrous  —  medull'a 
cer'ebri,  (F.)  Pulpe  cerebral,  and  the  cortical, 
cineritious,  vesicular,  or  gray.  The  former  is 
white;  and  occupies  all  the  interior  and  base  of 
the  brain.  The  latter  is  grayish  and  softer.  It 
is  situate  particularly  at  the  surface  of  the  organ. 

The  brain  receives  several  arterial  vessels,  fur- 
nished by  the  internal  carotid  and  vertebral.  Its 
veins  end  in  the  sinuses.  It  is  the  niaterijj 
organ  of  the  mental  and  moral  manifestations. 
According  to  Gall,  each  part  is  the  special  seat 
of  one  of  those  faculties,  and  the  brain  and  cere- 
bellum, inclusive,  are  called  by  him  'the  nervous 
system  of  the  mental  faculties.'     See  Craniology. 

The  substance  of  the  nervous  system — Xeurine 
— has  been  analyzed  by  Vauquolin,  and  found  to 
contain  water,  80'0()  ;  white  fatty  matter,  4-5.3  ; 
red  fatty  matter,  called  cerebrine,  OTO;  osma- 
zome,  1'12;  albumen,  7"00;  phosphorus.  1"50; 
sulphur,  acid  phosphates  of  potassa,  lime,  and 
magnesia,  5'1.5. 

Cerebrum  Abdominale,  Solarplexus — c.  Elon- 
gatum,  Medulla  oblongata — c.  Parvum,  Cerebel- 
lum— c.  Posterius,  Cerebellum. 

CEREC'TOMY.  Cerectom'ia,  Kcree'tomy,  from 
Ktpni,  '  cornea,'  and  cKToi.iti,  '  excision.'  Excision 
of  a  laver  or  portion  of  the  cornea. 

CEliEFOLIUM,  Scandix  cerefolimn  — c.  Ilis- 
panicum,  Cltaerophyllum  oduratum — c.  Sylvestre, 
Cha2rophyllum  sylvestre. 

CEREL^EUM,  Cerate. 

CEREOLE,  Cerate. 

CEREOLUS,  Bougie. 

CERERISIA,  Cerevisia. 

CERERIUM,  Cenum. 

CEREU.M  MEDICATUM,  Bougie. 

CEREl'S,  Bougie. 

CEREVIS'IA,  quasi  Cereris'ia,  Cervis'ia,  Ce'- 
lia,  Zylhus,  Zythum,  lyiqaor  Cer'eris,  Oirof  KptQrn, 
Vinum  hordea*ceum,  Bira,  Bryton,  jipvTOy,  Barley 
ivine,  from  Ceres,  'com;'  whence  it  is  made. 
Ale  (Alia,)  (Sc.)  Barley-bree,  Barley-corn,  Beer, 
Porter,  (F.)  Bi^re,  Cervoise.  These  Huids  are 
drunk  by  the  inhabitants  of  many  countries 
habitually,  and  in  Great  Britain  and  Germany 
more  than  in  others.  They  are  nourishing,  but 
not  very  easy  of  digestion.  The  old  dispensato- 
ries contain  numerous  medicated  ales,  which  are 
no  longer  in  use.  Some,  however,  are  still  ad- 
mitted. They  are  the  BrutoUs  ou  BrytoUs  of 
Chereau,  Brytolatures  of  Beral ;  —  Biercs  Medi- 
cinales. 

Cerevisia  Abietis,  Beer,  spruce  —  c.  Nigra, 
see  Falltranck. 

CERFEUIL,  Scandix  cerefolium — c.  Musque, 


CERION 


190 


CEEVUS 


Chscrophyllum    odoratum  —  c.  Sauvage,   Chaero- 
phyllum  sylvestre 

CERION,  see  Favosus,  Porrigo  favosa. 

CEIifSIER,  Prunus  cerasus  — c.  d  Grappes, 
Prunnspadus — c.  de  Virgiiiie,  Prunus  Virginiana. 
CE'RITJM,  Cere'rium.  A  metal  which  is  never 
found  isolated,  being  usually  combined  with  lan- 
thanium  or  lantanium  and  didymium.  The 
salts  of  cerium  are  supposed  to  be  sedative  and 
tonic.  They  have  been  used  iri  dyspepsia  in  its 
various  forms  ;  the  vomiting  of  pregnancy,  <fec. 
Dose  of  the  oxalate  or  nitrate,  one  or  two  grains. 

CERNIN,  SAINT,  WATERS  OF.  St.  C.  is  a 
parish  in  the  diocese  of  St.  Flour,  Upper  Au- 
vergne,  France.  The  water  is  a  chalybeate.  It 
is  called  Enu  du  Camhon. 

CERNOS,  Capistrum. 

CEROE'NE,  Ctrou'tie,  or  Cirone'ne,  Ceroe'num, 
from  Ktipog,  'wax,'  and  oivos,  'wine.'  A  plaster 
composed  of  yellow  wax,  mutton  suet,  pilch,  Bur- 
gundy pitch,  hole  Armeniac,  thus  and  wine.  It 
was  used  as  a  strengthening  plaster.  Sometimes 
it  contained  neither  wax  nor  wine. 

CEROLEUM,  Cerate. 

CEROMA,  Cerate.     See  Lardaceous. 

CEROMANTI'A,  from  Knpoi,  'wax,'  and  fiav- 
Ttia,  '  divination.'  The  art  of  foretelling  the  fu- 
ture, from  the  figures  which  melted  wax  assumes, 
■when  suffered  to  drop  on  the  surface  of  water. 

CERONIUM,  Cerate. 

CEROPIS'SUS,  from  <CT7poj,  'wax,'  and  ■iriaca, 
'pitch.'  A  depilatory  plaster,  composed  of  pitch 
and  wax. 

CEROS,  Cera. 

CEROSTROSTS,  Hystriciasis. 

CEROTUM,  Cerate. 

CEROXYLON,  see  Cera  flava  et  alba. 

CERUA,  Ricinus  communis. 

CERU'MEN,  from  cern,  'wax.'  C.  An'rium, 
Ce'rea,  Avrium  Sordes,  Sordic'ulm  an'rium,  Mar- 
mora'ta  Au'rium,  Cypsele,  Ceru'minoua  Humour, 
Ear-ioa.r,  Cyp' sells,  Fu'gile,  (F.)  Cire  des  Oreillea. 
A  name  given  to  the  unctuous  humour,  similar 
to  wax  in  its  physical  properties,  which  is  met 
with  in  the  meatus  audiforins  externus.  It  is 
secreted  by  glands,  situate  beneath  the  skin  lining 
the  meatus.  It  lubricates  the  meatus,  preserves 
the  suppleness  of  the  lining  membrane,  prevents 
the  introduction  of  bodies  floating  in  the  atmo- 
sphere, and  by  its  bitterness  and  unctuousness 
prevents  insects  from  penetrating. 

CERU'MINOUS,  Oerumino'sua,  (F.)  Cerumi- 
neux.     Relating  to  cerumen. 

CERnMiNons  Glands,  Ceru'minoua  Follicles, 
(F.)  Glnndes  ou  Follicules  cerumineusea.  Glands 
or  follicles  which  secrete  the  cerumen. 

CERUSE,  Plumbi  snbcarbonas. 

CERUSSA  ACETATA,  Plumbi  superacetas  — 
c.  Alba  Hispanica,  Plumbi  subcarbonas — c.  Alba 
Norica,  Plumbi  subcarbonas — c.  Nigra,  Graphites 
— c.  Psymmithron,  Plumbi  subcarbonas — c.  Ser- 
pentaria?,  see  Arum  maculatum. 

CERUSSE,  Plumbi  subcarbonas. 

CERUS'SEA  URI'NA.  A  term  used  by  Para- 
celsus for  the  urine,  when  of  a  colour  like  cerusse. 

CERVARIA  ALBA,  Laserpitium  latifolium. 

CER  VEA  U,  Cerebrum. 

CERVELET,  Cerebellum. 

CERVELLE.  Cerebrum. 

CERVI  BOLETUS,  Elaphomyces  Granulatus. 

CERVI  ELAPHI  CORNU,  Cornu  cervi,  see 
Cervus. 

CER'VICAL,  Cervica'lis,  Trnche'lian,  (F.) 
TraclMien,  from  cervix,  cervicis,  the  neck,  'the 
back  of  the  neck.'  Every  thing  which  concerns 
the  neck.  Cervi'cal,  in  antiquity,  meant  a  pillow 
or  bolster. 

Cervical  Ar'teries  are  three  in  number :  1. 


The  oBcending,  anterior,  or  superficial,  a  branch 
of  the  inferior  thyroid,  distributed  to  the  scalpni 
muscles  and  integuments.  2.  The  transverse 
{Cervico-scapnla ire— Ch.,)  a  branch  of  the  axil- 
lary  artery,  or  of  the  subclavian  :  distributed  to 
the  levator  scapula,  trapezius,  Ac.  .'5.  The  ;k>»- 
terior  or  profound,  A.  transversa'lia  colli,  Tra- 
chelo-cervicale — (Ch.)  a  branch  of  the  subclavian, 
distributed  to  the  deep-seated  muscles  on  the  an- 
terior and  posterior  parts  of  the  neck.  See,  also, 
Princeps  Cervicis  (arteria). 

Ckrvioal  Gan'gi-ioxs.  The  three  ganglions 
of  the  great  sympathetic.  The  cervical  (/lands 
or  lymphatic  glands  of  the  neck  are,  also,  so 
called.     See  Trisplanchnic  nerve. 

Ckrvical  Lig'aments.  These  are  two  in 
number.  1.  The  anterior,  extending  from  the 
basilary  process  of  the  occipital  bone  to  the  an- 
terior part  of  the  first  cervical  vertebra.  2.  The 
posterior  or  supraspi'nous,  Liganten'lum  Nu'cha, 
which  extends  from  the  outer  occipital  protube- 
rance to  the  spinous  process  of  the  seventh  cer- 
vical vertebra.  In  animals  with  large  heads  it  is 
very  strong. 

Cervical  Nerves  are  eight  in  number  on 
each  side,  and  form  the  eiijht  cervical  pairs,  which 
are  the  first  given  off  from  the  spinal  raarrovv. 

Cervical  Plexus,  Plexus  Trach^lo-souscntani 
(Ch.)  The  nervous  net-work  formed  by  the  an- 
terior branches  of  the  first  three  cervical  nerves, 
'above  the  posterior  scalenus  muscle,  and  at  the 
outer  side  of  the  pncumogastric  nerve,  carotid 
artery,  and  jugular  vein. 

Cervical  Rec.ion,  Anterior  Deep,  Prerer'. 
tebral  region.  The  region  of  the  neck,  occupied 
by  three  pairs  of  muscles  placed  immediately  in 
front  of  the  cervical  and  three  superior  dorsal 
vertebrse  :^-viz.  the  rectus  capitis  anticus  major, 
the  rectus  capitis  anticus  minor,  and  longus  colli ; 
— hence  termed  prevertebral  mnncles. 

Cervical  Veins  have  nearly  the  same  distri- 
bution as  the  arteries. 

Cervical  Ver'tebr^.  The  first  seven  verte- 
brae of  the  spine. 

CERVICALIS  DESCENDENS,  see  Hypo- 
glossus  and  Sacro-lunibalis. 

CERVICARIA,  Campanula  trachelium. 
CERVlCI-nORSO-SCAPULATRE,    Rhom- 
boideus  —  c.   Dorso-costal,   Serratus  posticus  su- 
perior—  c.  Dorso-mastoidien   et  dorso-trachelien, 
Splenius — c.  ]lfastoidien,  Splenius. 

CER'VICO-FA'CIAL,  Cervi'co-facia'lia.  Be- 
longing to  the  neck  and  face. 

Cervico-facial  Nerve,  Nervus  cerrico-fncia- 
lis.  A  branch  of  the  facial  nerve,  distributed  to 
the  neck  and  face. 

CERVISIA,  Cerevisia. 
CERVISPINA.  Rhamnus. 
CERVIX,   Collnm.     The  neck,  especially  the 
back  part.     A  neck. 

Cervix  Obstipa,  Torticollis— c.  Uteri,  Collum 
uteri. 

CERVOrSE,  Cerevisia. 

CERVUS,  Cerva.  The  horn  of  the  Cervus  El'- 
aphus,  called  Cornu,  Cervi  El'aphi  Cornu,  Cornu 
Cervi'num,  Hartshorn.  (F.)  Come  de  cerf,  con- 
tains 27  parts  of  gelatin  in  the  100.  A  jelly  made 
from  the  shavings  is  emollient  and  nutritive. 

The  Stag's  Fizzle,  Pria'pus  Cervi.  «iis  once 
considered  to  be  aphrodisiac.  Dose,  Qj  to  5,  in 
powder. 

Cervits  Alces.  The  Elh,  (F.)  Elan.  The 
hoof  of  this  animal  was  anciently  u.«ed  as  an  anli- 
epileptic.  The  animal,  it  was  asserted,  was  sub- 
ject to  attacks  of  epilepsy,  and  always  cured  them 
by  putting  its  hoof  into  the  ear.  The  hoof  was 
also'worn  as  an  amulet. 

Cornu  Ustum,  Burnt  Hartshorn,  has  been  used 
as  an  antacid,  but  it  consists  of  57  parts  of  pho»- 


C^SARIENNE  OPERATION        191 


CHAM.ELEA 


phnte,  am',  only  one  of  cnrhonatc  of  lime.  It  is, 
therefore,  not  of  much  use. 

CESA  n  IICXXE  OPERA  TION,  Cacsarean 
section. 

CESSATIO  MENSIUM,  Amenorrhoea. 

ClvSTRr'TKS.  A  wine  prepared  from  betony, 
(xftrr/)')!',  '  hetony.') 

CESTKON.  Betonica  officinalis. 

CETA'CEUM,  from  xriroi,  cftiix,  'a  whale.' 
AUinin  Cell,  A'lipoce'rn  celn'xn,  StciirV nnm  ccfn'- 
cenm,  Spermacet'i,  Parmncit'y.  Sperm,  (F.)  Blanc 
lie  Buhine,  Celine,  Adipoo're  de  lirtleine.  An 
inodorous,  insipid,  white,  crystallized,  friable, 
unctuous  suVistanee,  obtained  from  the  brnin  of 
the  Pln/Hf'tpr  M<tvrocepli'filiis  or  Spermaceti  Whale, 
(F.)  Ciirhaint,  and  other  varieties  of  whale. 
S.  p.  •9t.S.'?:  melts  at  112°.  It  is  demulcent  and 
emollient,  and  has  been  given  in  coughs  and 
dysentery,  but  is  mostly  used  in  ointments.  Dose, 
gss  to  3''*-"''  rubbed  up  with  sugar  or  egg. 

CETERACH  OFFICINARUM,  Asplenium 
ceterach. 

CErTNR.  Cetaceum. 

CETRARIA  ISLANDICA,  Lichen  islandicus. 

CETRARIN.  see  Lichen  islandicus. 

CETRARrUM,  see  Lichen  islandicus. 

CEVADILLA,  see  Veratrura  sabadilla — c.  His- 
pftnr>rum,  Veratrum  sabadilla. 

CEVADILLE,  Veratrum  sabadilla. 

CIIAA.  Thea. 

GIIAOHILLE,  Croton  cascarilla. 

CHAI)LO('K,  Sinapis  arvensis. 

CH^EREFOLIUM,  Scandi.K  cerefolium. 

Cn^RROI'HYL'LUM,  from  ;^a£pa),  'I  rejoice,' 
and  (pi'Wov,  'a  leaf,'  owing  to  its  luxuriant  foliage. 
Scaiuli.x  cerefolium. 

Cn^nopiiYr-i.tiM  CKnEFOMuw,  Scandix  cerefo- 
lium— c.  Angulatum,  Ch.  sylvestre. 

CU/KHOPiiYi/Lrjf  OnoRA'Tiuf,  Scandix  seu 
Ciciita'rin  Odorrt'ta,  Myrrhin  Odora'tn  seu  Major, 
Cerefo'linm  Hispayi'ioim,  Sweet  Cic"ehi,  (F.) 
Cerfeiiil  miixqnee  on  d'Enpnr/iie  ;  Order,  Umbelli- 
ferse ;  has  the  smell  of  aniseed,  and  is  cultivated 
on  account  of  its  aromatic  proy^erties. 

Cn.F.nopHVL'nTM  MoNOGYNUM,  Ch.  sylvestre — 
c.  Sativum,  Scandix. 

CH.^noi'ilYL'LiTM  Sylves'trk,  Cic.uta'rin,  Cha- 
rnphi/l'/iim  teni'tdiim  seu  monor/'t/niim  seu  angii- 
In'tiim  seu  rerticeUa'tiim,  Aiitliris'cim  hit'niilix  seu 
proc"eriin,  Cerefo'Iium  Si/loen'tre,  Bastard  Hem- 
lock, Wild  Chervil  or  Cow-weed,  (F.)  Cerfeuil 
gaurnije,  Pemil  d'Ane,  is  a  slightly  fetid  aromatic, 
but  is  not  used. 

rii.KRopitvi.LtiM  TRMtfT.Tnt.  Chnsrophyllum  syl- 
vestre— c    Vorticillatum,  Ch.  sylvestre. 

CII.F.TE.  Capillus. 

CHAFING,  Enjthe'ma  Infertri'fjo,  Intertri'ffo, 
Pitrntrim'mn,  Paratrip'tis,  Diotrim'mn,  Attri'ta, 
Allrit"io,  from  (F.)  eichantT'-r,  eehrmffer,  'to 
heat,'  Fret,  Gall  of  the  shin;  Altri'tim,  fF.) 
Echniiffemens,  Ecorchvrei.  The  red  excoriations 
which  occur  in  consequence  of  the  friction  of 
parts,  or  between  the  folds  of  the  skin,  especially 
in  fat  or  neglected  children.  AVnshing  with  cold 
water  ami  dusting  with  hair-powder  is  the  best 
preventii'e.  When  occurring  between  the  nates 
and  in  the  region  of  the  perinieum,  from  long 
walking. — Ttitcrtri'gn  pnd'iris,  Proetal'r/ia  iiiter- 
triijinn'fin.  —  it  is  vulgarly  designated  by  the 
French   Enlrefetaon. 

CHArFRONE,  Jawbone. 

CHAIR.  Flesh. 

CHATH.  OBSTETRIC.  L:ibour  chair. 

CHAISE  PERCEE.  Ln.«anum. 

CTIAL ASfS.  Relaxation. 

CIIALASMUS.  Relaxation. 

CIIALAS'TICUS,  from  ^'^Xau,,  'I  relax.'     A 


I  medicine  proper  for  removing  rigidity  of  the 
fibres. — Galen.     An  emollient  or  relaxant. 

CH.AL'AZA,  Chalu'zion,  Chalaziitm,  Chalazo'- 
«/«,  Poro'nin,  Graiido,  Tophus,  Hail,  (F.)  Grele, 
Gravelle,  from  ^u\a^a,  '  hail.'  A  hard,  round, 
transparent  tumour,  developed  in  dift'erent  parts 
of  the  body,  more  especially  in  the  substance  of 
the  eyelids.  —  Also,  the  Cicatricula  of  the  egg. 
Gener.ally,  however,  in  the  language  of  ovologists, 
the  chalazcB  or  poles  are,  in  the  egg  of  the  bird, 
the  more  dense  internal  layer  of  the  albumen, 
which  adheres  to  the  yolk,  and  is  continued,  in 
the  form  of  two  spirally  twisted  bands,  towards 
the  extremities  of  the  egg.  The  twisting  is  con- 
sidered to  be  produced  by  the  revolving  motion 
of  the  egg  in  its  descent  through  the  oviduct. 

CnAi,AZ.«,  see  Chalaza. 

CIIALAZONEPIIRITIS,  Kidney,  Bright's 
disease  of  the. 

CHALCANTHUM,  Atramentnm,  Ferri  sulphas 
— c.  Album,  Zinci  sulphas. 

CIIALCEDONIUS,  Cornelian. 

CHALCITAS,  Bismuth. 

CIIALCITES,  Colcothar. 

CHALCOIDEUM  (os),  Cuneiform  bone. 

CMALCOS,  Brass,  Cuprum,  ^reolum. 

CTIALCrS.  .*:reolum. 

CHALEUR,  Heat— c.  yfere,  see  Acrid— c.  Ani- 
male.  Animal  heat,  see  Heat. 

CHALEVRS  DES  ANIMAUX,  see  Heat— 
c.  du  Foie,  Heat. 

CHALINI.  see  Lip. 

CHAL'INOPLASTY,  Chalinoplas'tice  ;  from 
■X^aXivoi,  'fraMium,'  'a  bridle,'  and  irAao-iru),  'I 
form.'     The  operation  for  forming  a  new  frsenum. 

CHALK,  Creta  —  c.  Red,  Rubrica  febrilis  —  c. 
Stones,  Calculi,  arthritic. 

CHALL.  Maxillary  bone. 

CHALYRE,  Chalybeate. 

CHALYB'EATE,  Chalyhea'tus,  Ferrvgin'eus, 
FerriKjino'sns,  Fcrra'liis,  Martia'lin,  Femi'fji- 
noiis,  Mar'tial,  (F.)  Ferriit/ineitJc,  Chalijb?,  from 
chali/hs.  '  iron  or  steel.'  Of,  or  belonging  to  iron  ; 
containing  iron.  Any  medicine  into  which  iron 
enters,  as  rhnli/hente  mijctiire,  pilh,  waters,  &c. 
See  Waters,  Mineral. 

CHALYIilS  RUBTGO,  Ferri  subcarbonas. 

CHALYBOKREN/E,  Water,  mineral,  (cha- 
lybeate.) 

CHALYBOPEGiE,  "Water,  mineral,  (chaly- 
beate.) 

CH.VLYBS,  from  Chalyhes ;  a  people  of  Pon- 
tns,  who  dug  iron  out  of  the  earth ;  A'cies,  Steel. 
The  Proto-carhuret  of  iron,  (F.)  Acier.  As  a 
medicine,  steel  does  not  differ  from  iron. 

CriAT.vns  Tartarizatus,  Ferrum  tartarizatum. 

CHAMA.  Cheme. 

CIIA.M.'EACTE,  Sambucus  ebulus. 

CHAM.FBATOS.  Fragaria. 

CHAM.E('E1>R1S,  Artemisia  santonica. 

CH.AM.-E'^tSSUS,  Glechoma  hcderacea. 

CHAM^CLEMA,  Glechoma  hederacea  — c. 
Ilederncea,  Glechoma  hederacea. 

CHAM.ECYPARISSUS,  Artemisia  santonica. 

CHAM.KDROPS,  Teucrium  chamaedrys. 

CHAM^EDEYi'TES.  A  wine,  in  which  the 
Teti'erinm  Chitmcrdry^  has  been  infused. 

CIIAM.FiORYS,  Rubus  channernorus,  Teu- 
crium Ch.,  A'^eronica  —  c.  Ineana  maritima,  Teu- 
crium marum — c.  Marum,  Teucrium  marum — c. 
Minor  repens,  Teucrium  Ch. — c.  Palustris,  Teu- 
crium scordium — c.  Scordium,  Teucrium  scordium 
— c.  Vu'iaris.  Teucrium  Ch. 

CHAM^GEIRON.  Tussilago. 

CIIAM/EL.EAGNUS,  Myrica  gale. 

CHAM-F.LAI'TES.    A  win«  impregnated  with 

Chnmelen,  Daphne  Alpi'na. 

CIIAMJELEA,  Cneorum  tricoccum. 


CHAM.ELEON   ALBUM 


1  02 


CIIARLOTTEVILLE 


CHAM.^.T.EON  ALBUM,  Carlina  acaulis. 

CHA^LET,K^(^E,  Tu8Mlago. 

CHA>L'K1JNUM.  Linuin  cntharticum. 

CHAM.ELIK'IUAI  LU'TEUM,  x"^"'.  'on  the 
ground,'  ami  Aeipoi',  'a  lily,'  [?]  Vera'tnim  lii'- 
tetiin,  Helo'iiitis  lit'ten  sen  Ih'oi'ca,  Devil's  Bit, 
Blazinfji  «t(ii;  U'liirorn  root ;  indigenous;  Order, 
Melanthacea;;  flowering  in  June;  is  acrid.  An 
infusion  of  the  root  has  been  given  as  an  anthel- 
mintic:   a  tincture,  as  a  tonic. 

CHAM^EMELUM,  Anthemis  nobilis  — c.  Foe- 
tidum,  Anthemis  eotula  —  c.  Nobile,  Anthemis 
nobilis — e.  Odoratum,  Anthemis  nobilis — c.  Vul- 
gare,  Matriciiria  chainomilla. 

CHAMyEMOilUS,  Teucrium  chamnepitys,  Ru- 
bus  chamaimorus — c.  Norwegica,  Rubus  chamte- 
morus. 

CHAMyEPET^CE,  Camphorosma  Monspeliaca. 

CIIAM^PITUrNUM  VINUM.  A  wine,  in 
which  tlie  leaves  of  the  Chmna'pitys,  Teu'crium 
Cha»i(p'/>iti/K,  have  been  infused. 

CHAM^EPITYS,  Teucrium  chatnajpitys  —  c. 
Anthyllus,  Teucrium  iva  —  c.  Moschata,  Teu- 
crium iva. 

CHAM^.PLTON,  Erysimum. 

CHAMzERAPII'ANUM,  from  x^f".  'on  the 
ground,'  and  pmpavos,  'the  radish.'  So  Paulus 
of  jEgiiia  calls  the  upper  part  of  the  root  of  the 
Apiiim. 

CIIAM^E'ROPS  SERRAT'ULA,  Saw  Pal- 
metto, from  :!taAiai,  'on  the  ground,'  and  pw\P,  'a 
shrub.'  A  farina  is  prepared  from  the  roots  of 
this  plant,  which  is  used  by  the  Indians,  in  Flo- 
rida, as  diet. 

CHAMRAR,  Magnesia. 

CHAMBER,  Cam'era,  (F.)  Chnmhre.  A  term 
used  in  speaking  of  the  eye,  in  which  there  are 
two  chambers,  C'lm'ercp.  oc'iili : — an  anterior  and 
&  posterior ;  (F.)  Chomhre  anlerieure  et  iwsteri- 
eiire.  The  anterior  is  the  space  between  the 
cornea  and  the  anterior  part  of  the  iris:  —  the 
posterior,  the  space  between  the  iris  and  anterior 
surface  of  the  crystalline.  They  are  filled  with 
the  aqueous  humour,  and  communicate  by  the 
opening  in  the  pupil. 

CHAM'BERLAIN'S  RESTOR'ATIVE 
PILLS.  This  nostrum,  recommended  in  scro- 
fula, and  ail  impurities  of  the  blood,  has  been 
analyzed  by  Dr.  Paris,  and  found  to  consist  of 
cinnabar,  stilphur,  siilpjhate  of  lime,  and  a  little 
vegetable  matter.     Each  pill  weighs  3  grains. 

CHAMP.RE,  Chamber. 

CHAM  BRIE,  Cannabis  sativa. 

CIL^MELEA,  Daphne  Alpina. 

CIIAMOM  ILE,  DOGS',  Matricaria  chamomilla 

—  c.  Dyers',  Anthemis  tinctoria — c.  German, 
Matricaria  chamomilla  —  c.  Spanish,  Anthemis 
pyrethruin  —  c.  Stinking,  Anthemis  eotula  —  c. 
Wild,  Anthemis  eotula,  Matricaria  glabrata. 

CHAMOMILLA   FOJTIDA,  Anthemis   eotula 

—  c.  Kostras,  Matricaria  chamomilla — e.  Ro- 
mana,  Anthemis  nobilis  —  c.  Spuria,  Anthemis 
eotula. 

CHAMPACA,  Michelia  champaca. 
CHAMPfGXOy,    Fungus  — c.   de  I'Appareil 
des  Fractures,  Clavaria — c.  de  Conche,  see  Agaric 

—  c.  du  Ferment,  Torula  cerevisiae  —  c.  de  3falte, 
Cynomorion  coocineum  —  c.  du  lluguet,  Aphtha- 
pbyte. 

CHAMPOOTNG,  Shampooing. 

CHANCEBONE,  Ischion. 

CHANCELAGUA.  Canchalagua. 

CHANCRE  {¥.),  Sh anker,  Ulcns  seu  TTleus'cn- 
lum  cancro'siim.  A  sore,  which  arises  from  the 
direct  application  of  the  venereal  virus;  hence  it 
is  almost  always  seated,  in  men,  on  the  penis. 
The  French  use  the  word  Chancre,  in  popular 
language,  for  cancerous  ulcers,  the  malignant 
aphthte   of  children,    <fec.     Formerly,   the   terms 


Car'oli  and  C'l'rics  piidendo'rnm  were  u.sed  for 
venereal  pustules  or  sores  on  the  parts  of  gene- 
ration.  , 

CHANCRE  LARVE.  A  concealed  chancre, 
such  as  has  been  sujjposed  by  M.  Ricord  to  give 
occasion  to  gonorrhoea  virulenta. 

CHANVREUX,  Ohanrrcnse  (P.),  Caiicro'sm, 
Carcino'des.  Having  the  nature  of  chancre,  or 
of  cancer. 

Jiouton  Chancrenx.  A  small  tumour  of  a  can- 
cerous nature,  which  makes  its  appearance  on 
the  face — most  frequently  on  the  upper  lip — Noli 
Me  ta)igere  [?]. 

CHANDOO.  An  aqueous  extract  of  opium 
used  by  the  Chinese  for  smoking. 

CHANGE  OF  LIFE,  see  Menses. 

CHANNELBONE,  Clavicle. 

CHANT  DES  ARTE  RES,  Sifflement  moduU. 

CHANYRE,  Cannabis  sativa  —  c.  Bdtard, 
Galeopsis  grandiflora — c.  Indien,  Bangue. 

CHAOMANTI'A.  The  alchymists  meant,  by 
this  word,  the  art  of  predicting  the  future  from 
observation  of  the  air.  The  word  Chaos  was 
used  by  Paracelsus  for  the  air;  {navTeia,  'divi- 
nation.') 

CHAOSDA,  Plague. 

CHAPERON  DE  IfOlNE,  Aconitum  napel- 
lus. 

CHA PETONNA  DE,  Chappetonnade. 

CHAPITEAU,  Alembic. 

CHA  PRE  DONA  DE,  Chappetonade. 

CHAPPETONADE,  Chapjyedonade,  Chape- 
fonnade  (F.),  Vom'itns  rahio'sus.  Vomiting,  ac- 
companied by  furious  delirium,  attacking  stran- 
gers in  hot  countries. 

CHAPS,  Rhagades. 

CHAR'ACTER,  xapaKTtjp,  'a  mark  or  impres- 
sion.' (F.)  Caractere.  In  Pathology  it  is  used 
synonymously  with  stamp  or  appearance.  We 
say,  "A  disease  is  of  an  unfavour.ible  character," 
''  The  prevailing  epidemic  has  a  bilious  charac- 
ter," &c.  In  Mental  Philosophy  it  means  —  that 
which  distinguishes  one  individual  from  another, 
as  regards  his  understanding  and  passions.  See 
Symbol. 

CHARA'DRIUS.  .Elian  thus  calls  a  bird, 
which  was  reputed  to  cure  jaundice.  The  word 
now  means  the  plover. 

CHARANTIA,  Momordica  elaterium. 

CHARDON,  Anthrax  carbo,  Carbo  ligni  — c. 
Animal,  Carbo  animalis  —  c.  IHnirul,  Graphites 
—  c.  Pnlmonaire,  Anthracosis. 

CHARBONNEUX,  Anthracoid. 

CHARCOAL,  Carbo  —  c.  Animal,  Carbo  ani- 
malis. 

CHARDON  AUX  ANES,  Onopordium  acan- 
thium — c.  Binit,  Centaurea  benedicta — c.  d,  Bon- 
netier,  Dipsaous  fullonum  —  c.  Etoile,  Centaurea 
calcitra])a — ■  c.  a.  Fonlon,  Dipsacus  fullonum  —  c. 
Hemorrhoidal,  Cirsium  arvense  —  c.  3larie,  Car- 
duus  Marianus — c.  Roland,  Eryngium  cauipestre. 

CHAR'LATAN,  from  Ital.  ciarlarc,  'to  talk 
much  ;'  Circula'tor,  Circumfora'nens,  Periodeu'tcs, 
Psendomed'icua,  Agyr'ta,  Anacyc'leon,  a  Quad; 
Qnacksalber,  Empirical  Pretender,  Emp'iric. 
Originally,  one  who  went  from  place  to  place  to 
sell  a  medicine,  to  which  he  attributed  marvellons 
properties.  By  extension  —  any  individual,  who 
endeavours  to  deceive  the  public  by  passing  him- 
self off  as  more  skilful  than  he  really  is.  Ac- 
cording to  Menage,  the  word  comes  from  cirai- 
lalaiius,  a  corruption  o{  circulator. 

CHAR'LATANRY,  Arjyr'tin,  Banan'sia,  the 
conduct  or  action  of  a  charlatan.  (F.)  Charln- 
tanerie,  Charlalanisme,  Quackery,  Empiricism. 

CHARLOCK,  Sinapis  arvensis. 

CHARLOTTEVILLE  SULPHUR  SPRING, 
see  Canada,  Mineral  Waters  of. 


CHARM 


193 


CHAULE 


CHARM,  Lat.  Gormen,  'a  verse,'  because 
charms  ol'ten  consisted  of  verses,  whence  couics 
the  Italian,  Cianim,  (F.)  Charme,  with  the  same 
Bignificatiijn  ;  Cunln'tio,  Incantdiiien'ttiin.  A  trick, 
a  spell,  an  cnchantiuent.  A  sort  of  magic,  or 
eupcrstitiiuis  practice,  consisting  of  words,  charac- 
ters, itc,  liy  which,  it  was  believed,  individuals 
might  be  struck  with  sickness  or  death,  or  be 
restored  to  health. 

The  following  are  specimens  of  old  charms — 
ver»e  charms  : 

For  stanching  Blood,  (Pepys.) 

Panpruis  mane  in  te 

i*icut  ('hriiitus  fuit  in  se; 

San;;uis  iimne  in  tua  vena 

f»i('ut  Clirintus  in  sua  p(enu; 

Siiii5/;uis  mane  fixus, 

Sicut  Christus  quando  fuit  crucifixus. 

For  Cramj),  (Pepys.) 

Crnnip  Ije  thou  fiiintloss, 
Ak  our  iady  was  sinless, 
AVhcn  slie  bare  Jesus. 

For  the  Foot  lohen  aelcep,  (Coleridge.) 

Foot!  foot!  foot!  is  fa.«t  asleep ! 

Thuml)!  thumb!  thumb!  in  spittle  wo  steep ; 

Crosses  tliree  we  niako  to  ease  us, 

Two  for  the  thieves,  and  one  for  Christ  Jesus. 

The  same  charm  served  for  cramp  in  the  leg, 
with  this  substitution  : 

The  devil  is  tyinfi  a  knot  in  my  les! 
Murk,  Luke,  and  John,  unloose  it,  I  beg  I — 
Crosses  three,  &e. 

For  a  Burn,  (Pepys.) 

There  came  throe  angels  out  of  the  Kast; 
The  one  hronnht  fire,  the  other  brought  frost. 
Out  firir,  in  frost. 

In  the  name  of  the  Father  and  Son  and  Holy  Ghost. 

Amen. 

CEARNIERE,  Ginglymus. 

CIIAIiX(\  Carneous. 

CIIMU'EXTH  OSSEUSE.  Skeleton. 

CH  A  It  PIE,  Ijinteum  —  c.  Brute,  see  Linteum 
— c.  Hiiprr,  see  Linteum. 

CIIAKTA  ANTIARTimiTICA,  Gout  paper 
— c.  Antiihoumatiea,  Gout  paper — e.  Vesieatoria, 
see  Sparadrapum  Vesicatorium  —  c.  Virginea, 
Amnios. 

CflARTRE,  Tabes  mcsenterica. 

CHAS  (F.),  AcHH  fora'meu.  The  <?ye  of  a  nee- 
dle. Sotnotimes,  this  opening  is  near  the  point 
of  the  instrument,  as  in  the  ligature  needle. 

CIIASClirSClI,  see  Bangue. 

CIIASME,  Yawning. 

CIIASPE,  Variola. 

CIIASSE  (F.),  Mnnu'brium.  A  kind  of  handle 
composed  of  two  movable  laminaj  of  horn,  shell, 
or  ivory,  united  only  at  the  extremity,  which 
holds  the  blade  of  the  instrument,  —  as  in  the 
common  bleeding  lancet.  Also,  a  /('(/Kcur  or  alco- 
holic liquor,  taken  after  a  meal ;  hence  chasse- 
cafi,  chiiKKe-tout,  &c.,  from  (F.)  chnsser,  'to  drive,' 
because  presumed  to  aid  digestion. 

CIIASSIE  {¥.),  Lcma,  Lij^pa,  Glama,  Gleme, 
Grn'mia,  Lemos' itaK,  Sebum  pal pehra' le  ;  the  gmn 
of  the  eye,  (Prov.)  Gound  or  Gownde,  from  chns- 
ser, 'to  drive  out.'  A  sebaceous  humour,  se- 
creted mainly  by  the  follicles  of  Meibomius, 
which  sometimes  glues  the  eyelids  together. 

CnASS/ECX  (F.),  Lippiis ;  covered  with 
Chassie — as  I'aiipieres  chnssicuses. 

CHASTE  TREE,  Vitex. 

CfLi  TA IGNE,  see  Fagus  castanea — c.  d'Ean, 
Trapa  n  a  tans. 

CIIATAIGNTER  COMMUN,  Fagus  castanea 
>-c.  uV'C'i.  Fagus  castanea  pumila. 
13 


CHATEAU-LANDON,  WATERS  OF.  A 
town  three  leagues  from  Nemours,  in  France. 
The  waters  contain  alum  and  iron. 

CHATEAU-SALINS,  WATERS  OF;  a  town 
in  the  department  of  La-Meurthe,  France.  The 
waters  contain  carbonate  of  lime,  sulphates  of 
lime  and  magnesia,  and  chlorides  of  magnesium 
and  sodium. 

CIIATELDON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Chateldon  is  in  the  department  of  Puv-de-Dome, 
France.  The  waters  contain  carbonic  acid  and 
iron. 

CHATEL-GUYON,  MINERAL  AVATERS 
OF.  A  village  in  France,  in  the  department 
Puy-de-D6me,  near  which  there  are  five  thermal 
acidulous  springs.    Temperature,  86°  Fahrenheit. 

CIIATON  (F.),  'a  husk.'  In  pathology,  it 
means  a  funda  or  cavity  formed  by  the  irregular 
or  hour-f/hiss  contraction  of  the  uterus,  in  which 
the  placenta  is  often  retained  or  enchatonne.  after 
the  birth  of  the  child.  It  is  detected  by  passing 
the  fingers  along  the  cord  as  far  as  the  part  whicli 
is  contracted,  when  the  placenta  will  not  be  dis- 
coverable. 

The  treatment  consists  in  relaxing  by  a  large 
dose  of  an  opiate,  then  passing  the  fingers  along 
the  cord,  and  gradually  dilating  the  opening 
through  which  it  passes,  until  it  permits  the  hand 
to  go  through.  The  placenta  must  then  be 
grasped  and  gently  withdrawn. 

CHATON,  Vaginal  process. 

OHATONNE,  fiicarcern'tns,  from  chnton.  An 
epithet  in  French  for  anything  shut  up  in  a  sac, 
or  imprisoned  in  any  manner — as 

CHATONNE,  CALCUL  (F.),  Cal'culus  incar- 
cera'tus,  Eiicyn'ted  C'd'cnlus,  Calcul  enkysti.  A 
urinary  calculus,  adherent  to  the  inner  surface 
of  the  bladder,  so  that  it  is  immovable,  and  can- 
not jiass  to  the  different  parts  of  that  organ. 
This  happens  when  calculi  form  in  some  natural 
or  accidental  cavity  of  the  bladder;  or  when  the 
organ,  by  ulceration,  gives  rise  to  fungi,  which 
surround  the  calculus;  or  when  it  is  lodged  in 
the  orifice  of  the  ureter  or  urethra. 

CHATONNE,  PLACENTA  (F.).  The  pla- 
centa when  retained  as  above  described.  See 
Chaton. 

CHATONNEMENT  (F.),  Enchatonnement, 
Incarcera'tio,  Chatonnemeut  du  placenta,  EnkyH- 
tenient.  —  Hour-glass  contraction  of  the  uterus. 
See  Chaton. 

CHATOUILLEMENT  {¥.).  This  word  some- 
times means  the  action  of  tickling  or  titillation 
(Titilla'tio,)  and,  at  others,  the  sensation  which 
gives  rise  to  the  action  [I'ruri'tus,)  Itching. 

CHATRE,  Castratus. 

CHATRURE,  Castration. 

CHAUDEAU,  Caudle. 

ClIArDEBOURG,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
C.  is  three  quarters  of  a  league  from  Thionvillo, 
in  France.  The  waters  contain  iron,  sulphate 
of  lime,  sulphate  of  magnesia,  and  carbonate  of 
lime. 

CHA  UDEPISSE,  Gonorrhoea  impura— e.  Cor- 
dee,  Gonorrhoea  cordata  —  c.  Tombee  dans  les 
Bourses,  Hernia  humoralis. 

ClIAUDES-AIGUKS,  MINERAL  AVATERS 
OF.  A  small  town  in  the  department  of  Cantal, 
France,  where  there  is  a  number  of  saline  sju-ings 
containing  carbonic  acid,  carV>onate  of  soda,  and 
chloride  of  sodium.     Temp.  190°  Fahrenheit. 

CHAUDIilRE,  see  Alembic. 

CHAUFFOIR  (F.),  Linteum  Calefacto'rtum. 
According  to  the  Academic,  a  warmed  cloth,  used 
either  for  the  purpose  of  warming  a  patient,  or 
to  apply  to  a  female  recently  delivered. 

CHAULE,  Maxillary  bone. 


CIIAULMOOGRA 


194 


CIIELONOPHAGI 


CHAULMOOGRA.     The  fruit  of  the   CTa«« 
vtooijra,    Gijnocnr'dia    odorn'tn.      Order,    Cappa 


ridole,  of  India.  A  bland  fixed  oil  is  obtained  by 
expressing  the  dried  seed,  which  is  used  by  the 
natives  in  leprosy.  The  seed  are  given  inter- 
nally, in  the  dose  of  about  .:5ss  in  the  day,  and 
the  eruption  is  rubbed  with  the  oil. 

CHA  rSSE{F.),  OhauHie  d'llippocrate,  Mniiehe 
d'Hippocrale,  Mtin'ica  Hippoc' ratis,  Mnii'ica, 
Hippocrates'  Sleeve.  A  conic;il  bag,  made  of 
flannel,  for  straining  liquids. 

CHAUSSE-TRAPPE,  Centaurea  calcitrapa. 
CHAUVETE,  Calvities. 

CHAUX,  Calx— c.  Bicldorure  de.  Calcis  chlo- 
riduni — c.  Clilontre  de,  Calcis  chloridum — c.  Hy- 
droihlorate  de,  Calcis  murias  —  c.  Ili/droKiil/Kte 
de,  Calcis  sulphuretum  —  c.  Muriate  de,  Cnlcis 
murias — e.  iVuriate  oxi't/ene  de,  Calcis  chloridum 
—  c.  Muriate  aurnxi<jeiie  de,  Calcis  chloridum  — 
c.  Oxichlorure  de,  Calcis  chloridum  —  c.  Oximu- 
riate  de,  Calcis  chloridum  —  c.  Phosphate  de,  see 
Cornu  cervi — c.  Vire,  Calx  viva. 
CHAVEL,  Maxillary  bone. 
CHAVICA  BETLB,  Betel— e.  Roxburghii, 
Piper  longum. 

CHAWBOXE,  Maxillary  bone. 
CHAWD  PYS,  Gonorrhoea  impura. 
CHAWING,  Mastication. 
CHECKER-BERRY,  Ar  utus  uva  ursi. 
CHEEK.  Gena—c.  Teeth,  Molar  teeth. 
CHEE.SE,  Sax.  cere,  (L.)  Ca'seua,  Ti/ros,  Pecte, 
(Sc.)  Ftirmar/e,  (F.)  Fromage.     An   aliment,  pre- 
pared from  the  caseous  and  oleaginous  parts  of 
mill?.     Fresh    cheeses    owe   their   chief  medical 
properties  to  the  immediate  principle,  essentially 
cheesy,  to  which  the  name  ca'seiim  or  ca'neiii  has 
been  applied.     Those,  which  have  been  recently 
salted,   are   digested  with    comparative   facility. 
The  flavour  of  cheese  is  owing  to  an  ammoniacal 
easeate.     On  the  whole,  cheese  itself  is  not  easy 
of  digestion,  although  it  may  stimulate  the  sto- 
mach  to  greater  exertion,  and  thus  aid  in  the 
digestion  of  other  substances. 

CHEESE  RENNET,  Galium  vcrum. 
CHEE'SY,  Oasea'rius,  Caseo'ans,  Tyro'deit,  (F.) 
Caseiix  ou  Caseetix.  Having  the  nature  of  cheese. 
CHEF.  Bandage  (tail). 
CIIEOOE.  Ciiiqne. 
CHE'; HE.  (Jiiiqiie. 

CHEILI'TIS,  Chili'tis,  from  :\:aAo?,  'a  lip.' 
Inflammation  of  the  lip.     See  Chilon. 

CHEILOC'ACE,  from  ■)(^ii\o';,  ' a  lip,' and /caicof, 
'evil.'  Lahriaul'ciiini.  A  disense,  characterized, 
it  is  said,  by  swelling,  induration,  and  sliglit  red- 
ness of  the  lips  without  inflammation  ;  reputed, 
but  without  any  authority,  to  be  common  in 
England  and  Scotland,  amongst  children.  Also, 
the  thielcness  of  the  upper  lip  of  scrofulous  chil- 
dren.    See  Stomacace,  and  Cancer  aquaticus. 

CHEILOCARCINO'MA,  from  :)(;£iAof,  'a  lip,' 
and  KiipKivij>jia,  'a  cancer.'     Cancer  of  the  lip. 

CHEILOMALACIA,  Cancer  aquaticus,  Sto- 
macace. 

CHEILON,  Chilon. 

CHEILON'CUS,    CheilopTiy'ma,    from    .•\;aXoj, 
'lip,'  and  oyKo^.  '  swelling.'    A  swelling  of  the  lip. 
CIIEILOPHYMA,  Cheiloneus. 
CHEILOPLAS'TICE,    Chlloplas'tiee,   Chei'lo- 
plantij,  from  ;^£iAof,  'lip,'  and  rXairriifof,   'form- 
ing.'    The  operation  for  an  artificial  lip. 
CHEILOS,  Lip. 
CHEIMA.  Cold. 
CHEIMETLON,  Chilblain. 
CHEIMIA,  Rigor. 
CHEIR,  Manus,  see  Chir. 
CHEIUAN'THUS   CHEIRT,  from  x"P'  '^'^^ 
hand,'  and  avGos,  '  flower,'  a  flower  for  the  hand. 


The  systematic  name  of  the  Common  Yellnw  Wnll 
Flower,  Vi'oUt  In'tea,  Leiico'ium  lu'teiim,  Keijri, 
Cheiri,  (F.)  Geroflfe,  Giroflfe  ou  Violier  jiimie. 
Orr?.  Cruciferaj.  The  flowers  have  been  esteemed 
nervine,  narcotic,  and  deobstruent. 

CHEIRAP'SIA.  The  action  of  nibbing  or 
scratching,  from  X'^f'>  '''^*^  hand,'  and  arru, 'I 
touch.'     A  troublesome  symptom  in  the  ileh. 

CIIEIRARTHROC'ACE,  from;tc,p, 'thehaiul,' 
apdjiov,  'a  joint,'  and  KaKta,  a  '  disease.'     Inflam- 
mation of  the  articular  surfaces  of  the  wrist. 
CHEIRIATER,  Surgeon. 
CHEIRIS'MA,  C/ieiri„'m„8.    The  act  of  touch- 
ing : — handling.     Any  manual  operation. 
CHEIRIXIS,  Surgery. 

CHEIRONOM'IA,  Chironom'ia,  from  j^npo- 
V0JJLI.U1.  '  I  exercise  with  the  hands.'  An  exi>rciso, 
referred  to  by  Hippocrates,  which  consisted  in 
using  the  hands,  as  in  our  exercise  of  the  dumb- 
bells. 

CHEIROPLETHES,  Fasciculus. 
CHEIROSIS,  Subactio. 

CHELA,  Chele.     Tills  word  has  several  signi- 
fications.    Cheln,  a  forlicd  probe  used  for  extract- 
ing  polj'pi  from    the   nose.       Chelce  —  chaps,  or 
cracks    on    the    feet,  organs  of  generation,  Ac. 
ChelcB  likewise  means  clawp,  especially  those  of 
the  crab.     See  Cancrorum  Chelae. 
CwFA.M  Palpkbrauum,  see  Tarsus. 
CHELAPA,  Convolvulus  jalapa. 
CHELE,  Chela. 

CHELWOINE  GRANDE,  Chelidonium  ma- 
jus — c.  Petite,  Ranunculus  ficaria. 

CIIELIDON,  ;;t£Xi(5u)i',  the  hollow  at  the  bend 
of  the  arm;   Hirandn. 

CHELIDONIA  ROTUNDIFOLIA  MINOR, 
Ranunculus  ficaria. 

CHELIDONIUM,  Bryonia  alba— c.Diphyllum, 
Stylophorum  diphyllum — c.  HEematodes,  Cli. 
majns. 

CiiKMDo'Ninsr    Ma,jus,    Ch.   lamntn'det,  from 
X^^i-i^v,  '  a  swallow,'  because  its  flowering  coin- 
cides with  the  appearance  of  the  swallow.     Pu- 
pa'ver   Coriiicxda'tiim  seu   lu'tevm,    Common  Cel'- 
andine,      Tetterwort,     (F.)      Chelidoine    grmide, 
L'Eclaire,    Herhe  (J   I'hirondelle.      Ord.  Papave- 
raceae.     Sex.  Si/nt.  Polyandria  Monogynia.    The 
root  and  recent  plant  have  been  considered  ape- 
rient and  diuretic.      Externally,   the  juice  has 
been  employed  in  some  cutaneous  diseases. 
CiiELmoxiuM  Minus,  Ranunculus  ficaria. 
CHELIDO'NIUS  LAPIS.     A  name  given  to 
stones,  which,  it  was  pretended,  existed  in  the 
stomach  of  young  swallows.    They  were  formerly 
believed  capable  of  curing  epilepsy. 
CHELOTD,  Cancroid. 
CIIELOIS,  see  Cancroid. 
CIIELO'NE,  ;<;£Xu)v>7,  'a  tortoise.'    An  instra- 
ment  for  extending  a  limb  ;  so  called,  because  in 
its  slow  motions  it  resembled  a  tortoise. — Oriba- 
sius.     See  Testudo. 

Chet.o'ni?.  (tLABRA,  Common  Snake  Ttend,  Tur- 
I  tie  head.  Turtle  bloom,  ShellfloiMr,  Balmnny.  An 
indigenous  plant,  .S'e.r.  Si/st.  Didynamia  Anpo- 
spermia;  blossoming  from  July  to  November. 
The  leaves  are  bitter  and  tonic  ;  without  any  aro- 
matic smell,  and  with  very  little  astringency. 

C  H  E  L  0 '  N  I  A  M  Y  DA  S,  The  Green  Tiirlle. 
This  species  of  turtle  abounds  on  the  coast  of 
Florida.  It  is  the  one  so  prized  by  the  epicure. 
CIIELO'NION,  Chelo'ninm,  from  Xf^"""'  '* 
tortoise,' from  its  resemlding  in  shape  the  shell 
of  that  animal.  The  upper,  gibbous  part  of  the 
back. — Gorrasus.     The  scapula. 

CIIELONOPII'AGI,  from  x'^'^"'!'  '  t^e  tor- 
toise, and  ijiayu),  '  I  cat.'  An  ancient  name  fur 
certain  tribes,  who  dwelt  on  the  coast  of  the  Eed 


CHELSEA   PENSIONER 


195 


CHEST-MEASURER 


Sea,  and  who  lived  only  on  tortoises.  —  Pliny, 
Diodorus  of  Sicily. 

CIIEL'SBA  PEX'SrOXEIl.  An  empirical  re- 
medy for  rheuinatisin  and  gout,  sold  under  this 
name,  ((him  (jiniinc,  ^']  ;  pDicdervd  rknbnrb,  ^'j  j 
cre'nn  of  tailur,  ^j  ;  Jlowers  i>f  snlpliiir,  ^j  ;  one 
»i»(mc;/,  finely  powdered;  made  into  an  electuary 
with  a  pound  of  clarified  honey).  l)ose,  two 
spoonfuls. 

CIIEL'TENHAM,  MINERAL  WATEP.S  OF. 
C.  is  a  town  in  Uloucestersiiire,  Enjjland.  nine 
miles  from  Gloucester,  and  94  W.  of  London. 
Its  water  is  one  of  the  most  celebrated  natural 
purgatives  in  England.  It  is  a  saline,  acidulous 
chalybeate,  and  is  much  frequented.  Its  main 
constituents  are  chloride  of  sodium,  sulphate  of 
soda,  sulphate  of  magnesia,  carbonic  acid  and 
carbonate  of  iron. 

CirKi.THNirAM  Salts.  These  are  .sometimes 
made  from  the  waters;  at  others,  factitiously. 
Tlie  following  is  a  formula:  Sodii  ch/orid.,  vkkj- 
»ie».  Hnlphiit.,  sodcB  sulph.,  aa  tt)j  :  dissolve,  filter, 
evaporate  to  dryness;  then  aiXA  Ferri  sulph.,  "^ss. 
CiiEi-TKNiiAM  Watkr,  Aktificial,  may  be 
made  of  hJpni>iii  units,  gr.  xij  ;  iron  filings,  gr.  j  ; 
Gldubi'.r's  suit,  ^iv;  water,  4  gallons;  impreg- 
nated with  the  gas  from  marble  powder  and  sid- 
jihiirlc  uviil,  aa  ^ij. 
ClIELYS,  Thorax. 

CllEI.YS'CION,  from  x^^^i-  'tlie  chest.'  A 
short,  dry  cough. — Galen,  Hippocrates,  Foesius. 

CIIEME,  Chama,  Che'ramis.     An  ancient  mea- 
sure e(|uivalenC  to  about  two  teaspoonfuls. 
CIIEM  EUTfCE,  Chymistry. 
("IIEMIA,  Chymistry. 
ClIEMrATER,  Chymiater. 
C II  EM  I  ATRIA,  ChvmiMtria. 
ClIEMICO-HISTOLOGY,    see    Chymico-his- 

tolo^'V. 

CliEMICUS,  Chymical,  Chymist. 

CHEMISMUS,  Chymism. 

CHEMIST.  Chymist. 

CHEMISTRY,  Chymistry. 

CIIEMO'SIS,  Ghijmo'sis,  from  ;^'7/i'?,  'an  aper- 
ture,'or  rather,  perhaps  from  ■)(xi\jLO'i,  'an  humour.' 
A  name  given  to  ophthalmia,  when  the  conjunc- 
tiva, surrounding  the  cornea,  forms  a  high  ring, 
milking  the  cornea  seem,  as  it  were,  at  the  bot- 
tom of  a  well.  By  some,  it  is  used  synonymously 
with  ophthalmia  membranarum.  See  Ophthal- 
mia. 

CFIEMOTTCE,  Chymistry. 

CilEMOTICUS,  Chvmieal. 

CIIENAY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Che- 
ney is  a  town  in  France,  two  leagues  from  Rheims. 
The  waters  are  chalybeate. 

CH/iXE,  Quercus  alba — c.  Jfarin,  Fucus  vesi- 
culosus — c.  Petit,  Teucrium  chauuBdrys — c.  Vert, 
Ilex  aquifoTium. 

CHHXETrE,  Teucrium  chamsEdrys. 

CffEXEVfS,  see  Cannabis  sativa. 

ClIEXOBOSCOX,  Potentilla  anserina 

CIIENOC'OPRUS,  from  xi"'  '^  goose,'  and 
itoT()Of,  '  dung.'  The  ditnjj  of  the  goose  is  so  de- 
sii;iiaied  in  some  old  Pharmacopoeias.  It  was 
formerly  employed  as  a  febrifuge  and  diuretic. 

CIIEXOPODE,  Chenopodium. 

CHEXOPODIUM  AMLROSIACUM,  Ch.  am- 
hrosio'ides. 

ClIKSOPO'DItTM  AMnROSIO'i'nRS,  Oh.  suffructico' - 
sum  sen  ambrosiacnm  seu  Mcxica'nnm,  from  xnv, 
'  i\  gliosis'  and  novi,  no^oi,  'a  foot;'  At'riplex 
Mrxica'na,  Ambri'nn  ambrosio'i'des,  Bntrys,  I}. 
Jte-ricd'nu  seu  Amrrica'na.  Ambrosio'ides  Jfp.ri- 
C'l'iin,  Artemis'in  fiotri/s,  Me.rico  or  Spanish  Tea, 
(F.)  Ansirine,  Thf  da  Mexiqne,  Ambrosie  ou  Am- 
broisie  dii  Me.riqne.  Ord.  Chenopodiaceae.  The 
infusion  w.is  once  drunk  as  tea.     It  has  been 


given  in  paralytic  cases  ;  and  in  the  United  States 
is  said  to  be  used  as  an  anthelmintic  indiscrimi- 
nately with  Ch.  anthelminticum. 

Chesoi'o'dium  Anthelmin'ticcm,  Chenopo'- 
dinm,  liotrys  seu  Ambri'na  untltelntin'tivii.  Worm- 
seed,  WormfjooHvfoot,  Wormseed  yoosej'oot,  Jern- 
snlem  Oak  of  America,  Goosej'out,  Stinkweed,  (F.) 
Anserine  authclmintique,  A.  verml/uge.  Thid 
plant  grows  plentifully  in  the  United  States. 
The  fruit — Chenopodium,  {Ph.  U.  S.) — is  much 
used  in  cases  of  worms.  Dose  of  the  powder, 
from  a  teaspoonful  to  a  tablespoonful  or  more. 
The  oil,  O'lenm  Uhenopo'dii,  (Ph.  U.  S.),  from 
8  to  10  drops,  is  more  frequently  exhibited.  It 
is  as  much  used  in  America  as  the  Semen  San- 
ton'iei  is  in  England. 

Chenopo'dium  Bonus  Henri'ccs,  Chrysolach'- 
anum,  Merenria'lis,  Bonus  Ilenri'eus,  Tota  bona, 
L((p'uthnm  unetuo' sum,  Chenopo'dium,  Ch.  sagit- 
ta'tum.  Pes  anseri'nus,  English  Afercnry,  Allgnod, 
Angular-leaved  goosefoot.  Mercury  goosefoot.  Good 
King  Henry,  (F.)  Anserine  Bon  Henri,  Hpinard 
sauvage.  The  leaves  are  emollient,  and  have 
been  applied  to  ulcers,  <fcc.  It  has  also  been  con- 
sidered refrigerant  and  eccoprotic. 

Chenopo'dium  Botiiys,  Ambri'na  Botrys,  Bo- 
trys,  B.  culga'ris,  Ambro'sia,  Artemis'  la  Cheno- 
po'dium, At'riplex  odoru'ta  seu  suav'eolens ; 
.Jerusalem  Oak,  (Eng.),  (F.)  Anserine  Botrys,  pos- 
sesses anthelmintic  properties,  and  was  once 
given  in  diseases  of  the  chest,  palsy,  &c.  It  is 
useless. 

Chenopo'dium  Fcetidum,  Chenopodium  vulva- 
ria — c.  Olidum,  Ch.  vulvaria. 

Chenopo'dium  Quinoa,  Qninua.  A  nutritious, 
wholesome,  and  agreeable  article  of  food  with  the 
Peruvians.  The  leaves,  before  the  plant  attains 
maturity,  are  eaten  as  spinach :  but  the  seeds  are 
most  generally  used  as  food,  boiled  in  milk  or 
broth,  and  sometimes  cooked  with  cheese  and 
Spanish  pepper. 

Chenopodium  Sagittatum,  Ch.  Bonus  Henri- 
cus — c.  Suffructicosum,  Ch.  ambrosioides. 

Chenopodium  Vulva'iiia  seu  foe'tidnm  seu 
ol'idunt,  At'riplex  fui'tida  seu  ol'ida,  Vulva'ria, 
Garos'mum,  Jiaphex,  Sti)i/cing  Oraehe  or  Goose- 
foot,  (F.)  Vulcaire,  Arroche  puant.  Anserine  f 6- 
tide.  The  fetid  smell  has  occasioned  it  to  bo 
used  as  an  antispasmodic  and  nervine. 

CIIEOPINA,  Cheopine. 

CIIEQUERBERRY,  Gaultheria. 

CIIERAMIS,  Cheme. 

CIIERBACIIEM,  Veratrum  album. 

ClIERBAS,  Lettuce. 

CIIER.MES,  Kermes  —  c.  Mineral,  Antimonii 
sulphuretura  praeipitatum,  and  A.  sulphaietum 
rubrum. 

CHERXIBIUM,  Urinal. 

CHERRY,  BIRD,  Prunus  padus —  c.  Choke, 
Prunus  Virginiana — c.  Ground,  Physalis  viscosa. 

Cherry  Thee,  Red,  Prunus  cerasus — c.  Tree, 
black,  Prunus  avium — c.  Tree,  wild,  Prunus  Vir- 
giniana — c.  Water,  Kirschwasser. 

Cheisry,  Wild  Cluster,  Prunus  padus  —  c. 
Winter,  Phvsalis. 

CHERS.I;,  Pieces. 

CHER  Vt,  Siuui  sisarum. 

CHERVIL,  Scandix  cerefolium — c.  AVild,  Chae- 
rophyllum  sylvestre. 

CHESIS,  from  ;;(c^£ii',  'to  go  to  stool.'  A  more 
frequent  desire  to  evacuate  the  bowels. 

CHEST,  Thorax  —  c.  Explorator,  see  Explo- 
rator,  chest. 

CHEST-MEASURER,  SIBSON'S.  An  in- 
strument, described  by  Dr.  Sibson,  which  is  used 
for  determining  the  mobility  of  the  chest.  It  is  a 
species  of  spring,  which,  when  applied  to  the 
parietes  of  the  chest,  measures  the  modifications 
of  its  diameters,  and  indicates,  by  the  motion  of 


CHEST,    NARROW. 


196 


CIIINCIIUNCIIULLI 


the  index  hand  on  a  dial,  any  movement  of  re- 
spiration, to  the  hundredth  of  an  inch. 

CHEST,  NARROW,  see  Lordosis. 

CHESTNUT  TREE,  Fa^us  castanea. 

OHEVAUCHEMENT  (¥.),  Oi'sium  superpo- 
sW'io  sou  efjiiita'tio,  Parallax' in,  ParnUny'ma. 
From  cheoaucher,  {cheva/,  'a  horse'),  'to  ride  on 
horseback.'  The  riding  of  one  bone  over  another 
after  fracture,  s'ving  rise  to  shortening  of  the 
limb.     See  Riding  of  Bones. 

CHEVELUliE,  Scalp. 

CHEVESTIiE,  Chevetre,  Ccipw'trum,  (from 
ertpiit.  '  the  head.')  A  bandage,  applied  round 
the  head  in  cases  of  fracture  or  luxation  of  the 
lower  jiiw.  According  to  the  mode  in  which  it  is 
made,  it  is  called  simple,  double,  oblique,  &C. 

VHEVEU,  Capillus. 

CHEVILLE  DU  PIED,  Malleolus. 

CHE  VREFEUILLE,  Lonicera  periclyme- 
nuin. 

CHEVROTATN PORTE-MUSC,  see  Musk. 

CHEVROTANTE  ( VOIX),  Egophony. 

CHEWING,  Mastication. 

ClIEYLETUS  SCABIEI,  see  Psora. 

CIIEZANAN'CE,  from  x'-^'^'  '  I  go  to  stool.' 
and  avnyKri,  '  necessity.'  An  ointment  composed 
(if  honey  and  alum,  and  rubbed  on  the  anus  to 
occasion  evacuations. — Paulus  of  iEgina. 

ClIIA,  Cilia  terra,  from  ChioH,a,n  island  where 
it  was  found.  A  kind  of  white  earth,  formerly 
used  for  burns.— (Jalen. 

CHTACUM  COLLYR'IUM.  A  collyrium  con- 
sisting of  several  drugs  and  Chian  wine. — Paulus 
of  JFi'^\na.. 

CHIADUS.  Furunculus. 

CHIAS'MUS,  Chia.'ma,  Chiasm,  from  X'"?'^- 
to  form  like  the  letter  x-  The  crucial  union  of 
jiarts, — as  the  optic  coiinninmtre  or  chiasm,  of  the 
optic  nerve, — Chias'nius  seu  Chiaa'ma  nervo'rum 
optieo'  rum. 

CHIASTER,  Kiaster. 

CIIIAS'TOS.  Same  etymon.  A  bandage,  so 
called  because  it  resembles  the  letter  x- — Ori- 
basius. 

CHIBOU,  see  Bursera  gummifera. 

CHICHA.  A  drink  made  in  Peru  with  Indian 
meal  dried  in  the  sun,  and  fermented  with  water. 
Its  taste  is  that  of  bad  cider.  It  is  also  made 
from  rice,  peas,  barley,  <tc. 

CHICK'S  SPRINGS,  see  South  Carolina, 
mineral  waters  of. 

CHICKEN-BREASTED,  see  Lordosis. 

CHICKEN-BROTH.  When  chicken-tea  is 
boiled  down  one-half,  with  the  addition  of  a  little 
parale;/  or  celery,  and  the  yolk  of  an  egg  previ- 
ously beaten  up  in  two  ounces  of  soft  water,  it 
forms  a  soup  much  relished  by  the  convalescent. 

CHICKEN-PEPPER,  Ranunculus  abortivus. 

CHICKENPOX,  Varicella. 

CHICKEN-TEA,  Ohicken-tcater,  This  maybe 
prepared  as  follows  :  Take  a  small  chicken,  freed 
from  the  skin  and  fat  between  the  muscles;  and 
having  divided  it  longitudinally,  remove  the 
lungs,  liver,  and  every  thing  adhering  to  the 
back  and  side-bones:  cut  the  whole  —  bones  and 
muscles  — into  very  thin  slices;  put  into  a  pan 
with  a  sufficient  quantity  of  boiling  water;  cover 
the  pan :  and  simmer  with  a  slow  fire  for  two 
hours.  Put  the  pan  upon  the  stove  for  half  an 
hour,  and  strain  through  a  sieve. 

Used  where  the  lightest  animal  diet  is  indicated. 

CHICKEN-WATER,  Chicken-tea. 

CHICKENWORT,  Alsine  media. 

CHICKWEED,  Alsine  media— c.  Water,  Cal- 
litriche  verna. 

CHICOREE  DES  JARDTNS.  Ciehorlum  en- 
divia^-c.  S'invnf/e,  Cichorium  intybus. 

CIIICORY;  Cichorium  intybus. 


CITTOOT,  Stump  (of  a  tooth). 

ClIICOTIS  (F.).  The  bitter  powder  or  juice 
of  the  colocynth,  with  which  the  nurse,  at  times, 
rubs  her  nijjple  when  desirous  of  weaning  nil 
infant. 

CHIENDENT,  Triticum  repcns  — c.  Uoufje, 
Sarsaparilla  Germanica. 

ClIIGGO,  Chi, pie. 

CHIGGRE,  Chiiiiie. 

CHIGOE,  Cliiipic. 

CHILBLADDER,  Chilblain. 

CHIL'BLAIN,  (Prov)  Cliilhladder,  Per'nin, 
Bugnii'tia,  Eri/tlie'ina  Per'nio  seu  u  Fri'ijnri, 
Chcitiiet'lnn,  Cliimet'luin,  Chimon,  Malce,  from 
chill,  'cold,'  and  Main,  'a  pustule.'  (F.)  Eiige- 
litre.  An  erythematous  inflammation  of  the  feet, 
hands,  &a.,  occasioned  by  cold.  It  is  very  com- 
mon in  youth — not  so  in  the  adult  or  in  ailvanoej 
age.  It  is  apt  to  degenerate  into  painful,  imlo- 
lent  ulcerations,  called  Kibes,  (Sc.)  J/ii/es.  Chil- 
blains are  prevented  by  accustoming  the  part.s  to 
exposure ;  and  are  treated  by  stimulant,  terebin- 
thinate,  and  balsamic  washes,  ointments,  and 
liniments. 

CHILI),  Infans. 

CHILD-BEARING,  Parturition. 

CHILD-BED,  Parturient,  Parturition. 

CHILD-BED  FEVER,  Puerperal  fever. 

CHILD-BIRTH,  Parturition. 

CHILD-CROWING,  Asthma  thymicum. 

CHILDHOOD.  Infancy. 

CHILD-ILL,  Parturition. 

CHILD-.MURDER,  Infanticide. 

CHILDREN'S  BANE,  Qicuta  maculata. 

CHILL  CLIMATE  OF,  see  Lima. 

Chili,  Minkral  Waters  of.  The  most  cele- 
brated mineral  springs  of  Chili,  in  South  Ame- 
rica, are  those  of  Peldehues  and  Cauquenes.  Tlio 
former  are  not  far  from  St.  Jago.  They  consist 
of  two  sy)rings,  one  thermal,  the  other  cold.  The 
hot  spring  is  clear,  inodorous,  and  contains  soda 
and  carbonic  acid.  The  cold  spring  contains  iron 
and  sulphate  of  soda.  Cauquenes  is  much  re- 
sorted to  by  invalids  during  the  summer.  Mine- 
ral waters  are  very  common  in  Chili.  Those  of 
Apoquindo,  Colina,  and  Cauquenes,  have  been 
analyzed  by  Prof  J.  Lawrence  Smith,  M.  1). 

CillLIOGRAMMA,  Kilogramme. 

CHILIOPHYLLON,  Achillea  millefolium. 

CHILITES,  Cheilitis. 

CHILL,  Rigor. 

CHILir,  Capsicum. 

CHI'LON,  Chei'loii,  Cheili'tis,  from  ^f'^'S-  '» 
lip.'  Inflammation  of  the  lips. — Vogel.  One 
who  has  a  thick  lip  ;  Labeo,  Labes. 

CHILOPLASTICE,  Cheiloplastice. 

CHIMAPHILA,  Pyrola  umbellatu— c.  Umbel- 
lata,  Pyrola  umbellata. 

CHIMETLUM,  Chilblain. 

CHIMIA.  Chymistry. 

CHIMIATER,  Chymiater. 

CHIMIATRIA,  Chyraiatria. 

Clf/JflE,  Chvmistry. 

CiriMISME,  Chymism. 

CFIIMISTE,  Chymist. 

CHIMON,  Chilblain,  Cold. 

CHINA,  Cinchona,  Srailax  china  — c.  Ameri- 
can or  West  India,  Smilax  pseudo-china  — o- 
Calisaya,  Cinchonas  cordifolia;  cortex  —  c.  Occi- 
dentalis,  Smilax  pseudo-china  —  c.  Orientahs, 
Smilax  china  —  c.  Ponderosa,  Smilax  china  —  c. 
Ptcgia,  Cinchonae  cordifoliaj  cortex — c.  Koo'i 
Smilax  china — c.  Spuria  nodosa,  Smilax  pseudo- 
china — e.  Vera,  Smilax  china. 

CHINCAPIN,  Fagus  castanea  pumila— «• 
Water,  Nelumbium  luteum. 

CHINCHK.  Cimex. 

CHINCHINA,  Cinchona. 

CHINCnUNCHULLI,  lonidium  marcucci. 


CHIN COUGH 


197 


CHLIAROS 


CTTTNCOUGII.  Pertussis. 
CHINESE,  MED'ICIXE  OF  THE,  Medici'na 
Sin'lcn.  Moilitriiie  h;is  been  li)ng,  but  most  im- 
perfeetly,  pnietised  liy  the  Chinese.  From  their 
therapouties  we  have  obtained  the  old  operations 
ot"  .loiipuncture  !in<l  moxibiistion. 

CIIING'S   WORM    LOZENGES,    see   Worm 
Lozenges,  China's. 

CHI  Nil) IX,  Quinidia. 
CHININUM,  Quinine.     See  Chinium. 
C  H  I  N  I  0  '  I  D  I  N  E,  C/(  iiio'idlne,  Clnnoid!'ita, 
Cliliiniillii,   QniiKiid'tiie,    Qidiioid'iii,    Qui'nodin;\ 
from  Ohiiiii,  'Cinchona.'     A  substance  presumed 
to  be  an  alkaloid  by  SertUrner,  who  separated  it 
from  cinchona.     It  has   been  supposed   to   be  a 
mixture  of  quinia,  cinchonia,  and  a  peculiar  re- 
sinous matter,  but  according  to  Liebig  it  is  simply 
the  allcalciid  (luinia  in  an  amorphous  state — umor- 
plioiii  (jiiiuiii. 

CHINIUM  ACETICUM,  QuinifC  acetas  — c. 
Arsenicosum,  Quiniae  arsenias — c.  Citricum,  Qui- 
nijB  citras — c.  Ferrocyanogenatum,  QuiniiB  Fer- 
rocyanns  —  c.  llydrochloricum,  Quinia3  uiurias 
—  c.  Ilydroiodicum,  Quiniie  hydriodas  —  c.  Ijac- 
ticum,  QuiniiB  lactas  —  c.  Muriaticum,  Quiniic 
niurias  —  c.  Nitricum,  Quini;e  nitras  —  c.  Phos- 
phoricutn,  Quinii«3  piiosphas — c.  Salitum,  Quini.e 
niurias  —  c.  Sulphuricum,  Quinia)  sulphas  —  c. 
Tiuinicum,  Quiniaj  et  Cinehoniije  tannas — c.  Va- 
leriatiiouni,  C^iini:«  valerianas. 

CillNXFA'WEED,  Lichen  roccella. 
CIIiXOl.EINUM,  Leukoleinum. 
CHIN'QUAPIN,  Fagus  castanea  pumila. 
CHINWHELK,  Sycosis. 
CHlOOOCCyE  RADIX,  Caincos  radix. 
CIIIOLI,  Furunculus. 
CHION,  Snow. 

ClIIONAN'TIIUS  VIROIN'ICA.  Frhqe  Tree, 
Sitoiodrap  Tree ;  indigenous;  Nat.  Ord.  Olcaceic; 
from  X'-'^^'  'snow/  and  avSoq,  'a  flower.'  An 
infusion  of  the  root  has  been  used  as  an  antipe- 
riodic  and  tonici. 

CHIQUE  (F.),  Puce  phiitmnfe,  Pulex  Pen'- 
etrnnn,  Dermatnph'ilns,  SorcnpHifU'a  peii'eirans, 
Tick,  Chii/gre,  Cliig'oe,  Cliir/f/o,  Cfictjre,  Chcrj'o'e, 
Jl(/ger.  A  small  insect  in  America  and  the  An- 
tilles, which  gets  under  the  epidermis,  and  excites 
great  irritation. 

CIIIR.  Manus,  see  Cheir. 
CHIRAETA.  Gentiana  chirayta. 
CIirilAliRA,  from  x^'P^  'band,'  and  aypa,  'a 
seizure.'     (Jout  in  the  hand. 
CHIKAPOTHECA,  Arsenal. 
CHIRAPSIA,  Fricticm. 

CHIRARTHRrTIS,  from  x^'P,  'hnnd,'  apOpov, 
'joint,'  anil  itis,  denoting  inflammation.    Inflam- 
mation of  the  joints  of  tlie  hand. 
CIIIKAYITA.  Gentiana  chirayta. 
CHIRAYTA,  Gentiana  chirayta. 
CillKETTA.  Gentiana  chirayta. 
CHIUIIEUMA.  Chirrheuma. 
CHIUrATEK.  Surgeon. 
CIirUTATRIA,  Surgery. 
ClIIIUMOVA,  Anona  tripetala. 
CHIRISIS,  Surgery. 
CHIRISMUS.  Surgery. 
CHIRTXtS.  Surgery. 

CIHROCYRTO'SIS,  from  ;^;£ip„ 'the  hand.' and 
KvpTuirTK,  'crookedness.'  Crookedness  of  the  hand. 
CIU'ROMANCY,  Cliiromcili'n,  Valicin'ium 
chiroinan'ticitm.  Palm' istry.  from  >^£ip,  'the  hand,' 
and /irivr£(«,  'divination.'  (Y.)  Chiromancie.  Art 
of  divininsr  by  inspection  of  the  hand. 
CHIRONAX,  Surgeon. 

CIHRO'NIA.   (from  Chiron,  ynpoi/.   the  Cen- 
taur, who  is  said  to  have  discovered  its  use.)     A 
p:enus  of  plants.     Ord.  Gentianaceae.     Also,  Ta- 
mus  communis. 
Cnuio'-NiA  A.vauLA'iiis,  Anier'ican   Cen'taury, 


Rosepink,  Wild  Suc'cory,  Bitterbloom,  Ceiifnj, 
Sabba'tia,  S.  Angiila'ris.  Every  part  of  this 
plant  is  a  pure  and  strong  bitter,  which  property 
is  communicated  alike  to  alcohol  and  water.  It 
is  used  as  a  tonic  and  stomachic. 

Cqiro'.n'ia  Ci;.\tauri'u.m,  CeiiUiiiri'vm  mt'inm 
seu  vulija're  sou  jjarvuin,  Gottld'iia  ceiitdiiri'iim 
seu  Gerar'di,  Eryikrce'n  Ccittaurl'uin,  Hlppo- 
ceiitanre'a  ceutauri'iiin,  Centnnre' urn,  Ceiilnu'ris, 
Smaller  or  Lesser  Cent'aurjj,  Eiirope'an  Ceiitaury, 
(F.)  Centauree  petite,  Herhe  an  centaiire  ou  <l  la 
jiivre.  The  tops  of  the  lesser  Centaury,  Ceiitau'- 
rii  Cacu'minn,  are  aromatic  and  tonic,  and  are 
sometimes  employed  as  such. 

Ciiino'NiA  Chile  n' SIS,  Gentia'na  Cachen- 
lahnen,  Cachen-lar/uen,  Cliachiidaijtui,  Chancela- 
gna,  Erythrce'a  Chihnsis,  Geiitla'iia  Perucia'tia, 
A  very  bitter  plant,  indigenous  in  Chili.  It  pos- 
sesses the  virtues  of  the  Chlroiiea.  Given  in  in- 
fusion— (,^j,  to  water  Oj.) 

CIIIRONI'UM,  from  x"?""'  'bad,  malignant.' 
An  ulcer  difficult  of  cure: — of  a  swollen,  hard, 
and  callous  nature.  —  Galen.  Some  have  sup- 
posed the  word  to  come  from  Chiron,  the  Cen- 
taur, who  was  unable  to  cure  such  ulcers. 

CIIIRONOMIA.  Cheironomia. 

CIIIROPODALGIA,  Acrodynia. 

CHIROP'ODIST,  (F.)  Pedicure.  One  who 
treats  diseases  of  the  hands  and  feet,  or  rather 
whose  profession  it  is  to  remove  corns  and  bun- 
yons  ;  from  x«p,  '  the  hand,'  and  ttouj,  s-oooj,  '  the 
foot.' 

CHIRORRIIEUMA,  Chirrheuma. 

CHIROSIS,  Subactio. 

CHIROSTROPHO'SIS,  from  p{;ap,  'the  hand,' 
and  aTpctjiiiv,  '  to  turn.'     Distortion  of  the  hand. 

CHIROTHE'CA,  from  x"P'  'the  hand,'  and 
Or/nri,  'a  sheath.'  A  bandage  for  the  hand.  A  kind 
of  bandage  in  which  the  fingers  and  hand  are 
enveloped  in  spiral  turns.  When  the  whole  hand 
and  fingers  are  covered,  it  is  called  the  double  or 
complete  Chlrotheca,  Oh.  comple'ta,  Vliictn'm 
omnibus  dig" Ills ;  and  when  only  a  finger  is 
covered,  the  half  or  incomplete.  Oh.  incomple'ta, 
VInctu'rn  pro  uno  dlg"ito.      See  Gantelet. 

CIIIROTRI'BIA,  from  x"P.  'the  hand,'  and 
Tptffu),  '  I  rub.'  Friction  with  the  hand.  Accord- 
ing to  others,  dexterity  in  an  art. — Hippocrates, 
Galen. 

CIIIRRIIEU'MA,  Ohirorrheu'ma,  Rheumntis'- 
mus  nuditis,  from  x^'P<  'tbe  hand,'  and  pcviia,  'flux.' 
Rheumatism  of  the  hand. 

CHIRURGEON,  Surgeon. 

CHIRURGI  PIIYSICI,  see  Surgeon. 

CIIIRURGIA,  Surgery— c.  Anaplastica,  Mo- 
rioplastico — c.  Curtorum,  Morioplastiee — c.  Infu- 
soria, Infusion  of  Medicines — c.  Militaris,  Sur- 
gery, military — c.  Transfusoria,  Transfusion. 

OHIRURGICAL,  Surgical. 

CIIIRURGICUS,  Surgical. 

CHIRURGIE,  Surgery— c.  Militaire,  Surgery, 
military. 

CHIRURGIEN,  Surgeon— c.  Consultant,  Con- 
suiting  Surgeon — c.  Hernieux,  see  Hernial. 

CHIRURGIQUE.  Surgical. 

CHIRURGUS,  Surgeon. 

CIIIST.  An  Arabic  word  which  signifies  the 
sixth  part.  The  sixth  part  of  the  Oonyius  or 
gallon. 

CHITON,  Tunic. 

CHITON  ISC  US,  Indusium. 

CHITTICK'S  NOSTRUM,  see  Nostrum. 

CHIUM  VINUM.  From  Ohios,  the  island 
where  it  was  produced;  Chian  tclne;  used  by  the 
physicians  of  antiquity  in  cases  of  defluxions  and 
ophthalmia?. — Scrihonius  Largus. 

ClILI'AROS,  ;tX«apoj,  'tepid.'  A  name  given 
to  slight  fevers,  in  which  the  heat  is  not  great. — 
Galeu. 


CIILIASMA 


1  08 


CIIOAVA 


CIILTAS'MA,  ;y;Xirt(r^a,  same  etymon.  A  tepid 
and  moist  fomentation. — Hippocrates. 

CHIiOAR'MA,  Pityri'asia  verslc'olor,  Mnc'- 
vlri  hepni'icn,  Panuits  hcpnt'utiis,  Hepat'izoii, 
Pliaze,  Phit'cen,  Phncim,  (F.)  Tdches  hepatiques, 
Chnlenrs  dii  foie,  Ephelide  scorbiitiquc,  Liverapot,  \ 
from  x^""^'  '^  ffreenish-3-cllow  colour,  verdure.'  j 
A  cutiineous  nfTection,  characterized  by  one  or 
more  broad,  irres^ular-shaped  patches,  of  a  yellow 
or  yellowish-brown  colour,  occurring  most  fre- 
quently on  the  front  of  the  neck,  breast,  abdo- 
men, and  groins.  The  patches  do  not  generally 
rise  above  the  surface.  There  is  usually  some 
degree  of  itching.  A  cryptog.amous  growth  has 
been  found  in  it,  to  which  M.  Robin  gives  the 
name  Micron' poron  fiir/in: 

The  causes  are  not  very  evident.  Sulphur  ex- 
ternally—  in  any  and  every  form  —  generally  re- 
moves it  speedily.  Should  there  be  difficulty, 
the  external  use  of  the  remedy  in  baths  or  fumi- 
gations mav  succeed. 

CHLOASMA  ALBUM,  Achroma, 
CHLORA.  Chlorine. 

ClILORAS    KALTCUS    DEPURATUS,    Po- 
tassic  mnrias  hvperoxvgenatus. 
CIILORASJIA,  Chlorosis. 
CHLOIIE.  Chlorine — c.  Liqnide,  see  Chlorine. 
CHLORETHERWE,  Chloroform. 
CirT;ORETUM  CALCARIiE,  Calcis  ehloridum. 
CHLORIASrS,  Chlorosis. 
CHLORIC  ETHER,  CONCENTRATED,  see 
Ether,    chloric  —  c.    Ether,    strong,    see    Ether, 
chloric. 

CHLORIDE  OF  BROMINE,  see  Bromine, 
chloride  of. 

CHLORINE,  from  ;yXci)pof,  'green.'  Chhi'ruuim, 
Ch!i)riii''iHin,  Chhirci,  Oryniiiriot'ic  Add  Gas, 
Ori/f/ena'ted  Hfiirintic  Acid  Gas,  DepJilogisticated 
j\fiiri)ie  Acid,  Hal'ogeiie,  Jfu'ri</ene,  Chlontm,  (F.) 
Chlore.  So  far  as  we  know,  this  is  an  element- 
ary substance.  It  is  a  greenish,  yellow  gas,  of 
a  strong  suffocating  smell,  and  disagreeable  taste: 
incapable  of  maintaining  combustion  and  respira- 
tion, and  very  soluble  in  water.  One  of  its  cha- 
racteristics is,  that  of  destroying,  almost  imme- 
diately, all  vegetable  and  animal  colours.  It  is 
employed  in  fumigations  as  a  powerful  disinfect- 
ing agent.  A  very  dilute  solution,  Aqua  sen  Li- 
quor  Chlii'rini.  Chloriii'ii  Liquor  (Ph.  D.),  Clilo- 
rin'ei  aqnn  (Ph.  E.),  Chlorine  water,  (F.)  Chlore 
liqnide,  has  been  administered  internally,  in  cer- 
tain cases  of  diarrhoea  and  chronic  dysentery. 
Immersion  of  the  hands  and  arms  in  it  has  often 
removed  itch  and  other  cutaneous  affections.  It 
has  also  been  inhaled  in  a  dilute  state  in  the  early 
stage  of  phthisis,  but  it  is  of  doubtful  efficacy, 
and  is  better  adapted  for  chronic  bronchitis. 

Chlorine,  Bisulphuret  of.  Sulphur,  chlo- 
ride of. 

CHLORO-ANEMTE,  Chlorosis. 
CHLO'ROFORM.  Chloroform' vm,  Chloroform'- 
inm,  C<irho'  Ileum  chlora'tum,  Siiperchlo'  ridum 
formj/l'icnm,  Perchloride  and  Terchloride  of 
Forrnyl,  Chloroform' yl,  called  also,  but  not  cor- 
rectly, Terchloride  of  Carbon,  and  Chloric  ether, 
jElhe^  chlo'ricHS  ;  —  (F.)  Chloroforme,  Chlorethe- 
ride,  so  called  on  account  of  the  connexion  of  chlo- 
rine with  formic  acid,  is  a  colourless,  oleaginous 
liquid,  of  a  sweetish  ethereal  odour,  hot,  aroma- 
tic, and  peculiar  taste.  The  specific  gravity  of 
that  of  the  Ph.  U.  S.  is  1.49.  It  may  be  ob- 
tained bv  distilling  from  a  mixture  of  chlorinated 
lime  and  alcohol,  —  rectifying  the  product  by  re- 
distillation, first  from  a  great  excess  of  chlori- 
nated lime,  and  afterwards  from  strong  sulphuric 
acid.  It  has  been  used  with  advantage  in  asthma, 
and  in  diseases  in  which  a  grateful  soothing  agent 
is  required.    Dose  f^ss  to  f^j,  diluted  with  water. 


It  has  likewise  been  prescribed  with  great  succe.'s 
as  an  ana-sthetic  agent  in  spasmodic  disea.«i\s; 
and  to  obtund  sensibility  in  surgical  openitions 
and  in  parturition,  —  especially  in  the  wiiy  of 
inhalation ;  but  its  use  requires  caution.  Seo 
Anesthetic. 

CiiLouoFonjr,  Tisctitrk  of.  Ether,  chloric. 

CIILOROFORMIZA'TION,  Chlorof.nuJHa'tin 
The  aggregate  of  anscstlietic  phenomena  ucca- 
sioned  by  the  inhalation  of  chloroform. 

CHLOROFORMYL,  Chloroform. 

CHLORO'MA,  from  ;^Xu)oof,  'green.'  A  pecu- 
liar form  of  tumour  containing  a  yellow  green 
substance,  which  takes  the  place,  at  limes,  of 
muscles  and  periosteum. 

CHLOROPHYLL,  Fecula,  green. 

CHLORO'SIS,  from  p^Awpof,  'green,'  Pal'lidm 
]\forliiis,  Fcpdiis  Vir'f/ininn  color,  J'ol'lidiii  cuh<r 
viri/in'cns,  Pallor  vir'f/iiinm,  Icterit"ia  olbn,  /<•'- 
terns  albns,  Lrncopathi'a,  Morbus  vircjiu'eus  seu 
Parthen'ins,  Eo'dl  colo'res,  Dyspep'sia  chloro'Hin, 
Febris  amatu'ria,  Cachcr' ia  seu  Febris  vi/yiuiim, 
Febris  albn,  Anepithyin' la  ch/oro'sis,  Chloras'mn, 
Chloros'ma,  Chlori'usis,  Citto'sis,  Grecu-Hichnon, 
(F.)  Cliloiose,  Pdlps-coideurs,  Chloro-aiiemie.  A 
disease  which  affects  young  females,  more  parti- 
cularly those  who  have  not  menstruated.  It  is 
characterized  by  a  pale,  lurid  complexion,  languor, 
listlessness,  depraved  appetite  and  digestion,  pal- 
pitation, &c.  The  disease  generally  goes  off  on 
the  occurrence  of  the  menstrual  flux  ;  but  some- 
times it  is  long  before  this  is  established,  iind,  nt 
times,  the  catamenia  are  in  much  larger  quantity 
than  usual.  To  this  last  form  M.  Trousseau  has 
given  the  name  chlorose  hemorrha<jiqne. 

The  blood  of  chlorosis  is  generally  thin,  light- 
coloured  and  deficient  in  red  corpuscles;  and,  ac- 
cording to  Piorry,  in  iron, — achalybhemie  ;  and 
the  clot  is  in  less  proportion  to  the  serum  than  in 
health.  On  auscultation,  a  bellows'  sound  lias 
been  almost  invariably  detected  over  the  heart, 
and  a  continuous  blowing  sound  in  the  larger 
arteries,  (especially  the  carotids  and  subclavian?,) 
re-enforced  by  each  systole  of  the  ventricle,  and 
resembling  the  buzzing  of  a  humming-top,  the 
cooing  of  doves,  the  whistling  of  air  through  a 
key-hole,  &c.,  (see  limit.)  Very  similar  sounds 
are  heard  in  the  arteries  after  copious  hemor- 
rhage :  they  seem,  therefore,  to  coincide  with  en- 
feebled circulation. 

Tonics  —  as  iron  —  are  usually  required  in  the 
treatment,  —  the  disease  most  commonly  occur- 
ring in  those  in  whom  there  is  considerable  torpor 
of  the  system. 

Chlorosts  .^tiiiopum,  Chthonophagia  — c. 
Amatoria,  Hectic  fever — c.  Gigantea,  see  Poly- 
sarcia. 

CHLOROSMA,  Chlorosis. 

CHLOROT'IC,  Chlorot' icus,  (F.)  Chlomtiqm. 
Affected  with  chlorosis,  or  pertaining  to  chlorosis; 
— as  chlorotic  female,  chlorotic  symptoms,  &C. 

CHLORUM,  Chlorine. 

CHLORURE  BE  CARBON,  Chloroform- 
c.  d'Or,  Gold,  Muriate  of. 

CHLORURETUM  AMMONICUM,  Ammonioe 
murias — c.  Oxidi  Calcii,  Calcis  ehloridum. 

CHOA,  Chu. 

CHOA'CUM  ExMPLAS'TRUM  NIGRUM.  A 
black  plaster,  mentioned  by  Celsus,  and  composed 
of  equal  parts  of  litharge  and  resin.  The  litharge 
was  first  boiled  in  oil. 

CHOAK,  Cynanche  trachealis  —  c.  AVolf,  Ly- 
canche. 

CHOANA,  Pelvis  — c.  Cerebri,  Infundibulum 
of  the  brain. 

CHOANE.  Infundibulum. 

CHOANORRHAGIA,  Epistaxis. 

CIIOAVA,  Coffea  Arabica. 


Clio  COL  AT 


199 


CHOLERA- EUROPE EX 


Clio  COL  AT,  see  Chocolate. 

ClIOIJOLATA,  Chocolate — c.  cum  Osraazoma, 
see  Osiiiazoine— c.  Salutis,  see  Chocolate— c.  Sim- 
plex, sec  Chocolate. 

ClIOC'OLATl':,  Chocoln'tum,  Chocola'ta,  Snc- 
cnln'hi.  SuccocoUu'ta.  Dr.  Alston  says,  that  this 
word  is  compounded  from  two  East  Indian 
words:  —  clioco,  'sound,'  iuid  alte,  'water,'  he- 
cause  of  the  noise  made  in  its  preparati(m  [  ?  ].  An 
alimentary  paste  prepared  from  the  kernels  of 
Till ohi-o' mil  cacao  or  Cacao,  with  suj^ar,  and 
often  aromatics.  (See  Cacao.)  The  chocolate 
thus  simply  prepared  —  as  it  is  met  with,  indeed, 
in  commerce  — is  called  in  France,  Chondat  de 
minle,  Cliocidn'ta  slmplcc  scu  Salu'tis.  It  is  not 
very  easy  of  dif^e.stion. 

Thti  cliiicolat  d  la  viini/le  contains  three  ounces 
of  vaiiiUu  and  two  o{  ciuuamnn  to  twenty  pounds 
of  commi/u  chocolate.  The  addition  of  the  aro- 
matic renders  it  somewhat  more  digestible.  Cho- 
colates may  likewise  be  medicated. 

CHOCOLATE,  OSMAZOME,  see  Osmazome 

CHOCOLATE  HOOT,  Geum  rivale,  G.  Virgi- 
nianum. 

CHOCUS.  Chu. 

CH(ENrcrS,  Trepan. 

CIKENION,  Cord. 

CIKKNOS,  Cord. 

CIKERADO'DES,  from  xotpas,  xo'paSog,  'scro- 
fula,' and  £i(5o{,  'resemblance.'  Of  the  nature  of 
scrofula.     Affected  with  scrofula. 

CIKERAS,  Scrofula. 

CIIOIROS.  Vulva. 

CJIOKE  CHERRY,  Prunus  Virginiana  — c. 
Damp,  Carbonic  acid. 

CHOKES,  Throat. 

CHOLA,  Chole. 

CIIOL.E'MIA,  ChoUia;'m!a,  CJioUhce'min,  from 
Xo\ri,  '  bile,'  and  'aifxa,  '  blood.'  A  morbid  state, 
in  which  bile  exists  in  tho  blood.     Jaundice. 

CI10LA(J0,  Cholas. 

CIIOL'ACJOGUE,  ChoJaf/o'<jn»,  Chole'gos,  Fel- 
lid'iiciin,  Hilit'ieiii,  from  pt"^"?.  '  bile,'  and  aya,  '  I 
expel.'  The  ancients  give  this  name  to  cathar- 
tics, which  were  reputed  to  cause  the  flow  of  bile. 

CHOLANSIS,  Cholosis. 

CHOLAS,  ii^oArts,  plur.  ;:^'A«^fj.  Chnla'go.  The 
epigiistric  region.     The  intestines. — Homer. 

CHOLASMA,  Cholosis. 

CHOLE,  Cfioliis,  Gliola,  'bile,'  in  composition, 
llenco : 

CHOLEC'CHYSIS,  ChoUn'cliims ;  from  xo'^i, 
'bile,'  and  ty^"''''".  'effusion.'     Effusion  of  bile. 

CHOLECYST,  Gall-bladder. 

CHOLECYSTEURYS'MA,  from  ^''X'?,  'Wle,' 
(fuffnf,  '  bladder,'  and  £u^uo-//a,  '  dilatation.'  Dila- 
tation of  the  gall-bladder. 

CHOLECYSTI'TIS,  Lijlamma'tio  VcKi' ca  fell' - 
em,  r.cyKl'liUxfeWccB,  C,)^ti'th  fcl'len,  IlcpatVth 
cyH'icn,  from  xo^r,,  '  bile,'  and  kvitti;,  •  blailder.' 
(F.)  Injiamtimtion  de  la  Ve.siculc  dii  Fiel,  Chole- 
cijstitc.     Inflammation  of  the  gall-bladder. 

CHOL'EDOCH,  Chnled'ochus,  (F.)  OhnU- 
doqne.  from  X"U,  'bile,'  and  (^o^o?,  'containing  or 
receiving.'  The  Dnctus  cJtoledocIim  seu  licp'nto- 
Cffu'liciiH.  Diicfux  coiiimiinii  choledocluts,  (P.)  Con- 
duit ou  Caiiiil  Chnledoipie,  is  the  duct  formed  by 
the  union  of  the  hepatic  and  cystic  ducts,  which 
pours  the  hepatic  anil  cystic  bile  into  the  duodenum 

CIIOLEnOCI'TIS,Vrom  choledochua,  unA  ith; 
a  sutfix  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  tho  eholcdoch  duct. 

CHOLE L)0(i'RAPIIY,  Chohdogra'phin,  Cho. 
legraph'ia,  Chnlnijraph'ia,  from  :\;oAi?,  '  bile,'  and 

^■paipttv,  '  to  describe.'     A  description  of  what  re- 
ates  to  tho  bile  and  biliary  organs. 

C  H  0  L  E  D  0  L '  0  G  Y,  Ch„hd„loij"{a,  Cholc- 
log"iu,  C/iulolo<j"i(i,  icom  x,o>'ri,  'bile,'  and  Xoyos, 


V  '  a  discourse.'     A  treatise  on  the  bile  and  biliary 
'  organs. 

CHOLEDOQUE,  Choledoch. 
CnOLE(iOS.  Cholagorrue. 
CU0LE(;RAPIIIA,  Choledography. 
CHOLEH.;EMIA,  Icterus. 
CHOLEfA,  Claudication. 
CIIOLELITIIIA,  Cysthepatolithiasis-c.  Icte- 
rus.  Icterus. 

CHOLELITHIASIS,  Cysthepatolithiasis. 
CIIOLELITHUS,  Calculi,  biliary. 
CHOLELOGIA,  Choledology. 
9^' *^  ^^  ^  ^^^  ^^''''I  A'    Cholt'in'eHh,    from    x'^'^j 
'  bile,'  and  tfiimq.  '  vomiting.'     Vomitinjr  of  bile. 
CHOLENCHYSIS,  Cholecchysis. 
CHOLEPYRA,  Fever,  bilious. 
CHOLEPYRETUS,  Fever,  bilious. 
CHOLEPYRRIN,  see  Bile. 
CHOLER,   Bile.     Anger  was   supposed  to  be 
produced    by  a   superabundance   of  bile:   hence 
the  term  Choler  for  anger. 

CIIOL'ERA,  Chol'era-morhua,    Cliolera  nostras 
seu    Vidijn'ris,  Sporad'ic    Chol'era,  Cholevrha'iiia, 
/  11X810  choler'ica,  Fclliflua  passio.  Morbus' fcU 
lit'lunx,    HoVcra,    JJiUs  fnx'io,    (F.)    Choladrie 
'U'"phnt;ijne,H,jdrocholudrie,Cholcra.morbM>,po. 
)V((|»7He,  Ch.  Eiiropfen,  Tromxe-ijnh.nt.  from  xo^^'t, 
bile,    and  ptu>,   'I  flow.'     According  to  others, 
from  x«X«^«.  'intestines,'  or  from  ;:^oX£pa,  'the 
gutter  of  a  house  to   carry   off  the  rain.'     The 
higher  degrees  have  been  called  (\jutro,ja„gi;Vtis 
M/jelogaiuiUVtlx,  and   Holo,,,nujln'tis.     A  disease 
characterized  by  an.xicty,  gripings,  spasms  in  the 
legs   and   arms,   and   by   vomiting  and   purt^in-^ 
(generally  bilious:)  vomiting    and    purging^are^ 
indeed,  the  essential  symptoms.     The  disease  is 
most  common  in  hot  climates,— and  in  temperate 
climates,  during  summer.     Spaxmod'ic,  Axi'at'ic, 
Maliij'nnnt,  In'dlan,  Epidem'ic,  PextllcH'tiul,  Con'- 
vnhive    Nervous,    Fasten),  or    Orleiit'al    Cholera, 
Axphi/.r'ia     pcstilen'ta,     Peslilen'tial     asphyx'ia', 
Cliol'eric  Pext' Hence,  Cholera  orienta'Us   seu   //»'- 
dica  seu  Epklem' ica  seu  Asphij.r'la,  Ti/phiis  Ben-' 
galen'sis,  Chol'ero-typkus,  Gangtloni'tie  peri/j/ier'- 
ica   ct  nicdiilla'ris,  Jlijmenor/anglii'lis.   Paiitogan- 
Olii'tis,    Cholerrhce'a     li/niphat' icn,    Psorcnter'ia 
Aehol'ia,  Typhoid  Fever  of  India,  Hi/peranthra.r'is, 
Enterop'i/ra      Asiat'ica,      Trisplanch'nia,      Tris- 
planchni'tis,  HoRmntaporrho'sis,   Ummatorrho'sis, 
Morbus  nrij'zcus,  Rice  disease,  (because  supposed 
by  Tytler  to   be   caused  by  damaged  rice,)  (F.) 
Jforr  de  Chien,  is  frightful  in   the  rapidity  of  its 
progres.s,  the  patient  sometimes  dying  in  a  few 
hours  from  the  first   onset.     In    temperate    cli- 
mates, common  cholera  is  not  usually  a  disease 
of  much  consequence,     It  requires  that  the  sto- 
mach and  bowels  should  be  cleared,  and   after- 
wards the  irritation  be  allayed  by  full  doses  of 
opium.     In  malignant  cholera,  large  doses  of  calo- 
mel, with  opiates,  form  the  great  reliance  of  many 
practitioners.     In   the   worst  forms,  however,  it 
runs  its  cojirse,  unmodified  by  treatment. 

CHOLERA  EEROPEEX,  see  Cholera  — e. 
Indian,  see  Choler.a— c.  Indica,  see  Cholera. 

Chol'era  I.nfan'tum,  Chol'eric  Fever  of  In- 
flints;  Cholera  of  Infants.  A  disease  so  termed 
by  American  physicians.  It  occurs,  generally, 
in  the  middle  states  of  the  Union,  in  June  or 
July,  and  continues  during  the  hot  weather, 
hence  called  the  '  summer  complaint.'  The  chief 
symptoms  arc  vomiting,  purging  of  green  or 
yellow  matter,  slime  or  blood,  attended  with  pain 
or  uneasiness;  and  swelling  of  the  abdomen,  with 
some  pyrexia,  generally.  The  heat  Of  the  wea- 
ther seems  to  be  the  predisposing,  if  not  the  ex- 
citing, cause.  It  is  a  fatal  disease  in  towns;  dif- 
fering little,  if  at  all,  from  what  is  vulgarlv  called 
the  JKatery  G'r!>e«  in  England.    Clearing,'gently, 


CHOLERAIC 


200 


CHONDRO-XirilOID 


tho  alimentary  canal,  so  as  to  remove  the  ofTond- 
ing  matter,  and  then  exhibitinj?  chalk  mixture 
and  laudanum,  with  counter-irritants,  as  sina- 
pisms to  the  abdomen,  is  the  most  satisfaotory 
phin  of  treatment. 

CuoLEii.v,  Malignant,  see  Cholera — c.  Morbus, 
Cholera — c.  Morbus  Sporadique,  see  Cholera  — 
c.  Nostras,  Cliolera  morbus — c.  Oriental,  see  Cho- 
lera— c.  Pestilential,  see  Cholera — c.  Poison,  see 
Poison— c.  Spasmodic,  see  Cholera — c.  Sporadic, 
see  Cholera — c.  Sec,  Cholera  sicca — c.  Vulgaris, 
Cholera  morbus. 

Choi/kka  Sicca,  (F.)  Cholera  sec.  Pneuma- 
tosis of  the  digestive  passages  in  which  there  is  a 
copious  dischnrge  of  gas  upwards  and  downwards. 

CHOLERAIC  Choleric. 

CHOLEIIAPHOBIA,  Choleromania. 

ClIOL'ERIC,  Choler'icn-i,  (F.)  Cholerique.  Be- 
longing to  bile;  also  to  cholera;  Cholera'ic, — as  the 
'choleric  or  cA»/p/t(('c  virus.'  The  French  use  the 
term  Fievre  cholerique  for  the  fever  accompanying 
cholera. 

Choleuic  Fever  of  Infants,  Cholera  infan- 
tum. 

Choleric  Temp'erament.  The  bilious  tem- 
perament. 

CIIOL'ERINE,  (F.)  Cholerine.  A  diminutive 
of  cholera.  The  first  stage  of  epidemic  cholera; 
also,  the  precursory  symptoms  of  cholera. 

CHOLERIQUE,  Clioleric. 

CnOL'EROID,  Cholcroi'des,  from  cholera,  and 
ci6oi,  'resemblance.'  llesembing  cholera;  as  a 
'  choleroid  affection.' 

CHOLEROMA'NIA,  Cholempho'hia,  Cholero- 
pho'bia,  from  cholera  and  innnia.  A  dread  of 
cholera  to  suoh  an  extent  that  the  individual 
fancies  himself  affected  or  threatened  by  it. 

CliOLEROPHOBIA,  Choleromania. 

CIIOLEROPIIO'NE,  from  cholera,  and  (pmvr,, 
'  voice.'     The  peculiar  voice  of  one  in  cholera. 

CIIOLEROPROSO'PON,  CholcropUix,  from 
cholera,  and  irpoaumov,  'countenance.'  The  facial 
expression  of  cholera. 

CHOLEROPSrS.  Choleroprosopon. 

CHOLERO-TYPIIUS,  Cholera,  (spasmodic.) 

CIIOLERRIIAGIA.  Cholera. 

CHOLERRIKEA  LYMPHATICA,  Cholera. 

CHOLESTEARINOMA,  Cholesteatoma. 

CHOLESTEATINE,  Cholesterin. 

CHOLESTEATO'MA,  from  x<''>">'  '^^'le,'  and 
Btentoiiia.  An  encysted  tumour,  which  presents 
upon  the  interior  of  the  cyst  several  superim- 
posed layers  of  cholesterin,  which  glisten  like 
pearl.  Hence  it  was  named  by  Cruveilheir  Ihe 
laminated  nacreous  fatt)]  tumour. 

CIIOL'ESTERIX,  Choi' ester ine,  Cholesteri'na, 
Cholosteri' na,  Cholestearine,  Cholestentine,  from 
X"^'J>  'bile,'  and  arcfiios,  'solid,'  or  areap,  'suet.' 
Ad'ipocire,  Choline.  An  inodorous,  insipid  sub- 
stance, in  white,  shining  scales  ;  fusible  and  crys- 
tallizing, on  cooling,  in  radiated  fibres.  Soluble 
in  alcohol.  It  forms  the  crystalline  part  of  cer- 
tain biliary  calculi.     See  Adipocire. 

CtioLRSTERiN  Disease,  see  Lardaceous. 

ClIOLEUMA,  Cholosis. 

CirOLH-EMIA,  Cholxmia. 

CIIOLIA,  ClK-losis. 

CIIOLICE'LE,  from  x"^"!'  'bile,'  and  Kr,\ri, 
'tumour.'  A  swelling,  formed  by  the  bile  mor- 
bidlv  accumulated  in  the  gall-bladder. 

C'lIOLICUS.  Bilious. 

CHOLIILEMIA,  Cholsemia. 
CHOLIXE,  Cholesterin. 
CHOLIOYSTIECTASIE,  Turgescentia  vesi- 
cas felleae. 

CHOfACYSTITE,  Cholecystitis. 
CIIOLIUS,  Bilious. 
CHOLOCATAIl'RHOPnE,  Chohcatar- 


rhonhe'sis,  Cholocatarroph'tn,  from  x"^'''  'tile,' 
and  Karappoipiiv,  '  to  sup  up.'  The  absorption  of 
bile. 

ClIOLOaRAPIIIA,  Choledography. 
CHOLOLITHUS,  see  Calculi,  biliary. 
CilOLO'MA,   from    x'^^"^'    '  hime,    maimed.' 
Distortion  of  a  limb  ;  iiieai)acity  of   moving  it. 
Also,  the  act  of  limping,  claudication. 
CHOLOPLANIA,  Icterus. 
CIIOLORRIKE'A,  from  x">"i<  'hile,'  and  pc<o, 
'I  flow.'     An  alniormous  discharge  of  bile. 
CHOLOS,  Bile,  Chole. 

ClIOLO'SES,  from  x<>'^n,  'bile.'  Alibert  in- 
cludes, under  this  he.ad,  every  morbid  alTection 
of  the  liver  and  sj)leen. 

CHOLO'SIS,  from  xwAoj,  'lame.'  Cho'lotea, 
Cholas'ma,  Cholan'sis,  Choleu'ma,  Chol'io,  Clfiu- 
dic'i'tion.  Hippocrates  employs  this  word  par- 
ticularly for  a  lameness  of  the  hand,  which  ren- 
ders a  person  one-handed,  (F.)  manchut.  Also, 
icterus  ;   bilious  dyscrasy. 

CnoLosis  Americana,  Fever,  yellow. 
CHOLOSTKRINA.  Cholesteriu. 
CIIOLOTES,  Cholosis. 

CIIOLOZE.MIA  FEIJRTLTS.  Fever,  bilious. 
ClIONDRIN,    from   ;^of<5,.o5.    'cnrtilage.'    (F.) 
Gelatine  dcs  cartihajcH.     A  variety  of  gelatin,  ob- 
tained by  boiling  the  cornea,  the  permanent  car- 
tilagps,  and  the  bones  before  they  are  ossified. 

CHONDRI'TIS,  Injhimma'lio  Carlilwj"inis, 
(F.)  Chondrite,  from  xoi'i5fios,  '  cartilage,'  and  itia, 
a  termination  denoting  inflammation.  Inflam- 
mation of  cartilage. 

CIIONDROCLA'SIS,  from x<>^h°^' ' cartilage,' 
and  /cAdffis,  'fracture.'  Fracture  of  a  cartilage. 
CHONDRODES,  Cartilaginous,  Chondroid. 
CIIONDROGKNES'IA,  ^Chondro'jen'c'^is,  from 
Xov&pog,  'a  cartilage,'  and  ycvtais,  'formation.' 
Formation  of  cartilage.  A  morbid  conversion  of 
parts  into  cartilage. 

CIIONDROGLOS'SUS,  from  xov^QOi,  'a  carti- 
lage,'  and  y'Kwaca,  'the  tongue.'  A  fasciculus  of 
fleshy  fibres,  passing  from  the  lesser  cornu  of 
the  OS  hyoides  to  the  tongue.  It  forms  part  of 
the  hyoglossus. 

CIIONDllOG'RAPIIY,  Chondrogra'pliia,  from 
Xov?ipos,  'cartilage,'  and  ypatpt/,  'a  description.' 
A  description  of  cartilages. 

CHONDROID,  VhondroVdcs,  Chondro'des, 
from  xovRpog,  '  cartilage,'  and  ct^og,  '  resemblance.* 
Carlila'jriniforrn.     Resembling  cartilage. 

CHONDROL'OGY,  Chondrolo,/'la,  from  x'^' 
ipog,  'a  cartilage,'  and  \oyos,  'a  discourse.'  A 
treatise  on  cartilages. 

CIIONDRO'IMA,  Enchondro'ma.  from  x""^?"'. 
'cartilage.'  A  cartilaginous  growth  proceeding 
from  bones,  including  spina  ventosa,  osteo-sar- 
coma,  <tc.,  of  many. 

CHONDRO-PHARYNGE'US,  from  xovVf, 'a 
cartilage,'  and  (l<apvy^,  'the  phar3'nx.'  Fibres  of 
the  muscular  coat  of  the  pharynx,  which  arise 
from  the  lesser  eornua  of  tho  os  hyoides,  and  form 
part  of  the  Constrictor  mcdius.  See  Constrictor 
pharvngis. 

CHONDRO'SIS,  from  ;t''>"5f'of.  'cartilage.'  A 
morbid  formation  or  condition  of  a  cartilage. 

CHONDROSTERNAL,6''Ao»(/ro*^er/.«7/»,from 
Xov&poi,  'a  cartilage,'  and  uTipvuv,  'the  breast- 
bone.' Having  relation  to  the  cartilages  of  the 
ribs  and  breast-bone, — as  the  choudrosternal  liga- 
ments, articulations,  &c. 

CHONDROSYNDES'MUS,  from  ;^ovipot,  'a 
cartilage,'  and  trvviccfioi,  'a  ligament.'  Union 
of  bones,  by  means  of  fibro-cartilage.  Synchon- 
drosis. 

CHONDROT'OMY,  Chondrotom'la,  from  x""- 
ipo!,  'a  cartilage,'  and  rifivetv,  'to  cut.'  Dissec- 
tion of  cartilages. 

CHONDRO-XIPnOID,     Chondro-xipUoVdet, 


CIIONDRUS 


201 


CHOROID 


from  j^oi/Jpof,  'a  cartilai^e,'  and  xiphoid,  the  car- 
tiliige  so  called.  Having  relation  to  the  xiphoid 
cartilage,  as  '  Clmudro-jrlphoid  ligament.' 

CliONDRUS,  Cartilage.  The  Xiphoid  carti- 
Uiijc,  in  (lartieular. 

CiioNi)i(i;s,  Alica,  Fucus  crispns  —  c.  Crispus, 
Fucus  cri.-ipus — c.  Polymorphus,  Fucus  crispus. 

CIIO.NOS.  Infundibuluiu. 

ClKJl'IN'E,  Chapi'no,  Cheopi'tiri.  A  measure, 
which  contains  10  ounces.     A  pint  measure. 

CHORA,  xupa,  'region.'  Any  void  space. 
Also,  the  orhit  of  the  eye. 

CHORD,  TESTICULAR,  Spermatic  chord. 

CHORDA,  Cordrf,  from  x°l'^'h  '  "•  S"'/  '"^"^ 
hence,  a  string  made  of  gut.  A  string  of  an 
inslruinont.  It  has  several  meanings:  —  as  a 
teiido)!,  —  the  intentinr-.s  (ChordcB.)  Paracelsus 
call?  the  genital  organs  chordm.  Chorda  seu 
Fiiiiie'dliis  Ti/ni'pniii,  a  branch  of  the  7th  pair 
of  nerves,  according  to  some,  of  the  6th  pair, 
according  to  others,  and  to  probahilily,  vviiich 
passes  through  the  tym])anum,  (F.)  iVerf  Ti/nipa- 
iiitpie — (Ch.)  Corde  du  Tuniboiir  ou  die  I'ljiiijmn. 
ChordcB  Wi/lin'ii,  Trubectdm  WHUh'H,  the  small 
fibres  whit'h  cross  the  sinuses  of  the  dura  mater: 
so  cidk'd  from  their  first  describer,  Willis.  Chordas 
Ttudiu'ecr  ;  the  tendinous  and  cord-like  sub- 
stances which  connect  the  eohunnm  caniecB  of  the 
ventricles  of  the  heart  to  the  valves,  &c. 

CiioKDV,  Intestine. 

CuoiiDA  Doissa'i.is,  Dorsal  cord.  The  axis, 
around  which,  according  to  Von  Baer,  the  first 
pans  of  the  foetus  are  formed, — the  rudiment  of 
the  future  vertebral  column. 

CiioitnA  IIii'POCKATis,  Achillis  Tendo — c.  Lon- 
pitudinalis  Corporis  Callosi,  see  Raphe — c.  Penis, 
Chonleo  —  c.  Tympani,  see  Chorda  —  c.  Veneris, 
Cliordoe. 

ClIOKDyE,  Chordoe — c.  Ferrenii,  Cords,  vocal 
— c.  Longitudinalcs  lancisii,  see  Raphe — c.  Ten- 
diiiea",  sec  Chorda — c.  Transvcrsales  Willisii,  see 
Corpus  callosum  —  c.  Vocales,  Cords,  vocal  —  c. 
Willisii,  see  Chorda. 

CHORDAP'SUS,  from  xop^n,  'intestine,'  and 
a-rciv,  '  to  tie,'  IntitsHuscep'lio.  Constriction  or 
twisting  of  the  intestines.  —  Cclsus.  The  Colica 
Ileus.     See  Enteritis  and  Ileus. 

CHORDEE',  Cordee',  Chorda  Ven'eris  seu 
PiiUD,  Pliidlnncylo'slx,  Phallocainp'six,  Chordae, 
Chordn'ta  Goiwrrhce'a.  A  painful  affection  of 
the  penis,  attending  gonorrhoea,  and  happening 
chiefly  at  night.  It  occurs  when  tlie  violence  of 
the  inllanimation  is  such,  that  the  urethra  cannot 
expaml  as  much  as  the  corpora  cavernosa  during 
erei'tiun,  and  consequently  the  glans  seems  pain- 
fully drawn  downwards.  The  application  of  cold 
water  topically,  and  the  administration  of  opium 
internally,  palliate  it. 

CIIORE'A,  Ofi.  Saucti  Viti  seu  Sancti  Modes'ti 
seu  geHlicidalo'ria,  Choromn' nia,  Sijn'donus  sal- 
toun,  Trlptidia'tio  spastica,  from  ;^»/;£ta,  '  a  dance ;' 
sonietiiui's  called  Sceloti/r'lie,  S.  T'lrnntisiiiun,  Viti 
^rdtiin,  Siilta'tio  Saxcti  Viti,  BaUix'mitit,  Con- 
vnl'nio  hiil>itiia'lin,  Siph'ita  prava,  Si/n' cloiiua 
Chorea,  Mi/oti/r'be,  Choreoma'nia,  0 reheat roma'- 
via,  Kpilcpn'ia  Saltuto' ria,  Jforbii9  Saltato' riiin 
sou  ijenliodnlii' riitu  seu  Lneei'vim,  Hieruu'osua,  St. 
Viliii's  Dance,  Vipir's  Dance,  because  the  move- 
ments resemble  dancing;  (F.)  Chorf.e,  Dunne  de 
Saint  Witt,  Danne  de  St.  Guy.  The  character- 
istics are: — irregular  and  involuntary  motions  of 
one  or  more  limbs,  and  of  the  face  and  trunk.  It 
is  a  disease  whieh  usually  occurs  before  puberty; 
and  is  generally  connected  with  torpor  of  the 
system,  and  of  the  digestive  organs  in  particular. 
Its  duration  is  long,  but  it  is  usually  devoid  of 
danger;  although  frequently  but  little  under  the 
coulrol  of  medicine.    The  spa«ms  do  not  continue 


during  sleep.  The  indications  of  treatment  are  i 
to  strengthen  the  general  system,  and  stimulate 
the  intestinal  canal.  Purgatives,  once  or  twice 
a  week,  and  chalybeatcs,  with  appropriate  regi- 
men, will  fulfil  these. 

Chorka,  Chronic,  see  Tic — c.  Faciei,  Tic — c. 
Gesticulatoria,  Chorea  —  c.  Partial,  see  Tic — c. 
Sancti  Modcsti,  Chorea — c.  Sancti  Valentini,  Ta- 
rantisuius — c.  Sancti  Viti,  Chorea. 

CHOREE,  Chorea. 

ClIORE'GIA,  from  x"?"^'  '^  troop  of  dancers 
and  singers,'  and  ayui,  '  I  lead.'  Hippocrates 
uses  this  term  for  the  whole  of  the  apparatus 
necessary  for  a  physician  or  surgeon. 

CHOREOMANIA,  Chorea. 

CIIORIODEI'TIS,  Chorioidei'tis,  Chorioidi'. 
tin,  Choroifli'tix,  (F.)  Choro'idite,  from  yopociSiis, 
'the  choroid,'  and  itis.  Inflummatiou  of  the 
choroid  coat  of  the  eye. 

CHORTODES,  Choroid. 

CHORIOIDEA,  Choroid. 

CHORIOIDES,  Choroid. 

CHO'RION,  X"P'°V'  'skin,'  from  ^^uptiv,  'to 
contain,' include;  [?]  (Jamin'ia  Fwtiin  :  iUe  eliemise 
or  shirt  of  the  foetus  in  utero.  A  thin,  transpa- 
rent membrane,  formerly  confounded  with  the 
decidua,  which  surrounds  the  foetus  in  utero  on 
every  side,  and  ajipcars  to  be  developed  from 
nucleated  cells  formed  in  the  Fallopian  tube. 
Some  histologists,  however,  consider,  that  it 
exists  in  the  ovary.  The  general  opinion  is,  that 
it  is  formed  as  above  described  ;  and  perhaj)s,  also, 
from  the  zona  pellucida.  which  disappears  in  the 
tube.  In  the  uterus,  villous  prolongations  are 
formed  on  its  surface,  which  have  given  it,  with 
more  recent  writers,  the  name  '  shayi/i/  chorion.' 
These  villi  are  iiroiiably  the  agents  of  the  ab- 
sorption of  nutritive  matter  furnished  from  the 
lining  membrane  of  the  uterus. 

By  many  anatomists,  the  chorion  is  considered 
to  be  formed  of  two  layers;  the  outer,  called  by 
Curdach  Exocho' rion  :  the  inner,  Endoeho'riun. 
By  others,  the  distinction  of  laminae  is  denied. 
It  is  exterior  to  the  amnion. 

Chorion  also  means  the  true  skin.  Sec  Cutis. 
By  some,  the  Zona  pellucida  is  so  called. 

Chorion  Fungosijm,  Decidua — c.  Reticulatum, 
Decidua. — c.  Shaggy,  see  Chorion  and  Decidua— 
c.  Spongiosum,  see  Decidua — e.  Spongy,  see  De- 
cidua— c.  Tomentosum,  see  Decidua. 

CIIORIONITIS.  Induration  of  the  Cellular 
tissue. 

CHOROID,  ChoroV dena,  Choro'i'des,  ChorioV- 
dcs,  Chorio'dcs  from  x''f""'>  '  '^'^  chorion,'  and 
ciSo(,  'shape,'  'resemblance.'  Several  parts  are 
so  called,  which  resemble  the  chorion  in  the 
multitude  of  their  vessels. 

Choroid  Muscle,  Ciliary  mnsde. 

Choroid  Plexus,  Ple.vnx  ehoroVdcs  seu  cho- 
ro'i'deuK  seu  reticula'rin,  Vermes  eer'ebri.  Two 
membranous  and  vascular  duplicatures  of  the 
pia  mater,  situate  in  the  lateral  ventricles. 
They  are  fixed  to  the  Tela  choroidea  by  one  edge, 
and  are  loose  and  floating  at  the  other. 

CnoitoiDEA  Tela,  Plexus  choroideua  medina, 
(F.)  Tuile  choroidienne.  A  kind  of  vasciilo- 
mcmbranous  prolongation  of  the  pia  mater, 
which  lines  the  lower  surface  of  the  fornix  united 
with  the  corpus  callosum.  It  is  stretched  above 
the  third  ventricle  and  covers  the  posterior  com- 
missure and  corpora  qua<lrigcmina.  Anteriorly, 
the  tela  choroidea  is  continuous  with  the  plexus 
choroides. 

CnoRoi'DEA  seu  CnoRioi'rEA  Tu'nica,  Ch. 
Membra'un,  or  simply  the  Choroid.  Tu'nica  vna- 
cido'sa  seu  acinlform' in  seu  rhoijoi'des  Ocnli.  (F.) 
Membrane  choroide,  Choro'ide.  A  thin  mcnilirane, 
of  a  very  dark  colour,  which  lines  the  sclerotica 


CnOROi'DE 


202 


CIIRYSOCIIALCOS 


internally.  The  part  behind  the  iris  is  called 
Vvon.  It  is  situate  between  the  sclerotica  ajid 
retina,  has  an  openinj;,  posteriorly,  for  the  pas- 
sage of  the  optic  nerve;  and  terminates,  ante- 
riorly, at  the  great  eirciunferenee  of  the  iris, 
where  it  is  continuous  with  the  ciliary  processes. 
According  to  Ruysch,  the  choroid  consists  of  two 
layers,  to  the  innermost  of  which  his  son  gave  the 
name  Tit')iicn  seu  Meviliift' na  luii/nrhlo'iia,  J/. 
chon'o-C(ipi/h(' rin,  (F.)  Membrane  Jiiii/nchienne. 
The  internal  surface  of  the  membrane  is  covered 
with  a  dark  pigment,  consisting  of  several  layers 
of  pigment  cells,  called  Pii/nieii'tiiin  iihirum, 
Stratum  pii/meii'ti,  Oplitholniochrin'ten,  u'I'JtIiiopD 
animal,  .Ve/a'tiie,  Metnniiie,  Matiere  ou  Prhicipe 
de  la  Melaiiiixe,  (F.)  Eiidait  chonndien.  Its  use 
seems  to  be,  to  absorb  the  rays  of  light  after  they 
have  traversed  the  retina. 

CiioROiDK-E  Ve.v.*:,  Veii<B  Gah'ni,  (F.)  Vetues 
cJioroidieiiiies.  Two  veins,  that  creep  along  the 
tela  choroidea  ;  into  which  almost  all  those  of 
the  lateral  ventricles,  of  the  ui)per  part  of  the 
cerebellum,  of  the  pineal  gland,  and  the  corpora 
quadrigemina  ojien.  The  VensB  Galeni  open  into 
the  sfiiiin  quartus  or  fanrth  m'nnn. 

CHOUOJDE,  CEINTURE  BLANCHE  DE 
LA,  Ciliary  ligament — c.  Commissure  de  la,  Cili- 
ary ligament. 

CIIOROrUITIS,  Choriodeitis. 

CHOROi'DO-RETINI'TIS.  Inflammation  of 
the  choroid  and  retina. 

CIIOROMANIA,  Chorea. 

CHOSES  CONTHE  NATURE,  Res  contra 
naturam  —  c.  Natiirelles,  Res  naturales — c.  non 
Nafifn^//pa.  Res  non  naturales. 

CIIOSIS.  Arenatio. 

CHOU,  Brassica  —  c.  Cahns,  Brassica  capitata 
—  c.  CruOfe,  Sauer  Kraut  —  c.  Flenr,  Brassica 
Florida,  Cauliflower  excrescence — e.  3farin,  Con- 
volvulus soldanella  —  c.  Naret,  Brassica  rapa  — 
c.  Pvmme,  Brassica  capitata — c.  Potaijer,  Brassica 
— c.  Roqiiettp,  Brassica  eruca. 

CHOWDER,  a  favorite  New  England  dish, 
made  of  fish,  pork,  onions,  and  biscuit,  stewed 
together. 

In  Devonshire,  England,  chowder  is  a  fish- 
seller.  —  Halliwell.  In  the  west  of  England 
chowder  beer  is  a  liquor  made  by  boiling  black 
spruce  in  water,  and  mixing  it  with  molasses. — 
Webster. 

CriREMMA,  Sputum. 

C 1 1 R  E  M  FS  IS,  E xspuition. 

CHRISIS,  from  XP^'^<  'I  anoint.'  The  action 
of  anointing.     Inunction. 

CURISMA.  same  etymon.  The  act  of  anoint- 
ing. The  salve  or  liniment  used,  Chrism,  Creme. 
Prurisro. 

CHRISTI  MANUS.  Troches  prepared  from 
refined  sugar  boiled  in  rose-water  with  or  without 
prejinred  pearls. 

CHRISTOPHER,  HERB,  Aetsea  spicata. 

CHRISTOPHORIANA      SPICATA,     Acta>a 

Sliiciita. 

CHRISTOS,  5(;/H<7rof,  from  -^f^pio),  <I  anoint.' 
Any  medicine  applied  under  the  form  of  liniment 
or  ointment. 

CHROA,  Chrofa,  Chroma.  Colour  in  general. 
The  surface  of  the  body.     The  skin 

CHROMA.  Chroa. 

CHROMATISME,  Aberration  of  refranei- 
bility.  ^ 

CHROMATOG"ENOUS,  from  xP^^l^a,  yp'^i^a- 
Tos,  '  colour,'  and  ytvvau),  '  I  make.' 
_  CnitOMATor/'KNOus  Appara'tds.  A  supposi- 
titious  glandular  apparatus  fur  producing  the 
colouring  matter  of  the  skin,  composed  of  a 
glandular  or  secreting  parenchyma,  situate  a  little 
below  the  papillse,  and  presenting  special  excre- 


tory duets,  which  pour  out  the  colouring  matter 
on  the  surface  of  tlie  true  skin. — Broschet. 

CHROMATOMETABLEPSIA,  Achro- 
matopsia. 

CllROMATOPHO'BIA,  from  ;^pw^a,  \pa./,arof, 
'colour,'  and  folios,  'dread.'  Morbid  sensibility 
to  certain  colours. 

CIIROMATOPSEUDOPSIA,  Achromatopsia 

CHRO.MATOPSIA,  Chromopsia. 

CHROMIC  ACID.  Ac"idum  Chro'micum,  (F.) 
Aeide  chnimiqiie.  Obtained  by  crystal lizatinn 
from  a  mixture  of  bichromate  of  potoina,  and 
oil  of  vitriol.  It  has  been  used  as  an  escbarolic 
in  external  hemorrhoids. 

CHROMIDRO'SIS,  from  xp^'lJ^a,  'colour,' and 
'lipias,  '  sweet.'  Abnormous  coloration  of  the  per- 
spirntorj'  secretion. 

CHROMOP'SIA,  Chromop'ia,  Chromatop'nin, 
Chrotop'sia,  Chriip'sia,  Crop'sia,  Visits  colurit'lttK, 
Suffu'sio  Colo'  runs,  Chroop'si/,  Chromop'sj/,  Iiiden'- 
cent  I'ision,  from  xpitijta,  'and  o\l.(j,  'vision.'  A 
state  of  vision  in  wliich  a  c(dored  impression,  as 
of  the  rainbow,  is  made  on  the  retina.  Said  to 
be  occasionally  observed  in  jaundice. 

CHRONIC,  Chron'iciis,  Chro'nins,  Pol,/chi;/. 
7iii(s,  Iiivetern'tiis.  Anti'qiius,  (F.)  Clironiqiie,  (rum 
Xpovo(,  'time.'     Of  long  duration. 

Chronic  Diseases,  3forbi  chron'iei,  3Jacro- 
nos'icB,  iMacro'sicB,  (F.)  Maladies  Chroiiiques,  aro 
those  whose  duration  is  long,  or  whose  symptoms 
proceed  slowly.    Tlie  antithesis  to  chronic  is  acute. 

CHRONIC'"ITY,  Chronic"itas,  (F.)  Chruniciti. 
The  state  of  a  chronic  malady. 

CURONIQVE,  Chronic. 

CHRONO,  from  x^avaq,  'time.'  A  prefix  to 
terms  denoting  inflammation  of  a  part,  to  show 
that  such  inflammation  is  chronic. — Pi(,rry. 

CHRONOGYNIA,  Menstruation. 

CHRONO-HEPATITE,  Hepatitis,  chronic. 

CHRUNO-NEPHRJTE,  Nephritis  (chronic.) 

CHRONO-THERMAL,  from  XP"""?-  'timt,' 
and  ^tpfiv  'heat.'  Relating  to  time  and  tempe- 
rature. An  epithet  given  to  a  fanciful 'system' 
by  Dr.  Samuel  Dickson,  which  maintains,  that 
there  can  be  no  increase  or  diminution  of  tempe- 
rature without  motion  ;  no  motion  without  time; 
that  motion  consists  in  attraction  and  repulsion  ; 
that  attraction  and  repulsion  are  peculiar  to  elec- 
tric action ;  and  hence,  that  medicines  must 
change  the  motions  of  the  system,  and  be  electri- 
cal in  their  operation. 

ClIROOPSY,  Chromopsia. 

CIIROTOPSIA,  Chromopsia. 

CHRUPSIA,  Chromop.^i.a. 

CHRYSALEA,  Nitro-muriatie  acid. 

CHRYSANTHEMUM,  Calendula  offieinalisi. 

Chrysan'themum  Leucan'themuji,  from  x^v- 
aoi,  'gold,'  and  avSc/jov,  'a  flower.'  The  Ox-eye 
dainn,  Daisy,  Whiteioeed,  Gohlens,  Ulandliiiirorl, 
Bcllis  major  seu  praten'sis,  JJiipfhal'mtun  viajiii, 
Lencun'themnm  vidtfu're  seu  L'ellidioi'din,  Mn- 
trica'ria,  Consol'ida  media,  Oc'nhis  Boris,  (F.) 
Chrysanthime,  Chrysene,  Grand  Marrjnerilc  des 
pres.  Orrf.  Compositaj.  The  flowers  and  herbare 
slightly  acrid;  and  were  once  used  in  pulmonary 
diseases. 

CnRYSANTHEMUM  Partheniuji,  Matricaria  par- 
thenium. 

CHRYSE,  from  xP^'^o^y  'gold.'  The  n.Tme  of 
a  yellow  plaster,  described  by  Paulus  of  iEgina, 
and  composed  of  thus,  alum,  lead,  colophony, 
resin,  oil,  and  orpiment,  boiled  in  vinegar. 

CFIR  F.S'T';  V^,Chrysanthemum  leucantheinum. 

CHRYSITTS.  see  Pliimbi  oxidum  semivifremn. 

CHRYSOBALANUS  GALENI,  see  Myristica 
mnschnta. 

CHRYSOCALTS,  Matricaria. 

CHRYSOCHALCOS,  Brass. 


CIIRYSOCOLLA 


203 


CHTMIATRIA 


ClIUVSOCOLLA,  Borax. 
CIIRYSOCOMA,  Millefolium. 
CIIKV.SULACIIANCM,    Chenopodium   bonus 
Jloiiricus. 

CIIIIYSOL'ITIIUS,  Chnj-'oUte,  from  JCP"""?' 
'i^oM,'  mill  Ai3u5,  'sione.'  A  precious  stone,  of 
a  ),'i)liloii  colour,  regarded  hy  the  ancients  as  car- 
diac, cephalic,  &c. 

(JHRYSOMELIA,  sec  Citrus  aurantiuin. 
ClIRYSOiMIYLLUM      BURANIIEM, 
Moiicsia, 

Cll RYSOPIIYL'LUM  CAINI'TO. from xpuffof, 
'gold,'  and  tjivWov,  'a  leaf.'  Oaiiiito,  Siderou:'- 
ylnii,  /iru'id-leiived  Star-apple.  A  tree  of  the 
Antilles,  Ord.  Sapotacese,  which  produces  one 
of  the  liest  fruits  of  the  country.  There  are  seve- 
ral varieties  of  it. 
CmivsoPHVf.niM  Glyciphl.-eum,  Monesia. 

CHRYSOPIJS,  Cambogia. 

CllRYSOrf,  Gold. 

ClIRYSOSl'HRMUM.  Semperviviim  tectorum. 

CIIRYZA  FIHRAUREA.  Coptis. 

CIITIIONOPIIA'GIA,  Citvhex'Sn  Africa'nn, 
Midii'cid  seu  Pica  Af'ricani>'riini,  Leiiciphler/mn'- 
tia  sou  Uhliiro'Hii  ^Elhio' ]>nm,  Dirt-e'iliii;/,  (F.) 
Mid  d' fUliimiK;  from  xi^""''  'earth,'  and  (fayu,  'I 
eat.'  A  disorder  of  the  nutritive  functions  ob- 
perved  amongst  the  negroes  of  the  South  and  of 
the  West  Indies,  in  which  there  is  an  irresistible 
desire  to  eat  dirt.  It  is  accompanied  by  most  of 
the  signs  of  chlorosis. 

The  Ottoraacs  on  the  Orinoco,  and  the  natives 
of  portions  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  territory,  are 
ChilioiKiph'iKji  or  '  earth  eaters.'  The  earth  is  a 
form  of  steatite. 

ClIU,  Choa  or  Chun,  X"^'^'  Ciiocwt.  A  liquid 
measure  amongst  the  tireeks,  answering  to  the 
Confjini)  of  the  Romans,  and  containing  six  sex- 
tarii,  or  twelve  Attic  cotylie,  or  nine  pints. — 
Galen. 

ClIUMOSLS,  Cheraosis. 

CIIURNMILK,  Buttermilk, 

CHURRUS,  see  Bangue. 

CHUTE,  Prohipsus  —  c.  da  Foiidemenf,  Proc- 
tocele— c.  de  la  Matiice,  Procidentia  uteri — e.  des 
Oeiifn.  see  Parturition  —  c.  du  Rectum,  Proctocele. 

CHYLAIRE,  Chylous. 

CHYLAR,  Chylous. 

CilYLARION,  Chyle. 

CHYLE,  Cli}/liis,  SiiKCHK  niitr!t"iii8,  from  X'"^> 
'I  How.'  The  word,  in  Hippocrates,  inenns  Tinaiie 
or  Decoction  of  Barley,  Chi/la'rion,  ^^^uXtjpioi/.  Ga- 
len first  used  it  in  its  present  sense : — i.  e.  for  a 
nutritive  fluid,  extracted  by  intestinal  absorp- 
tion, from  food  which  has  been  subjected  to 
the  action  of  the  digestive  organs.  It  is  of  a 
whitish  apiioarance;  and  is  formed  from  the  chyme 
in  the  duodenum,  and  the  rest  of  the  small  intes- 
tines, by  the  chyliferous  vessels,  which  arise  at  the 
mucous  surface  of  the  intestine.  Along  these  it 
passes  through  the  mesenteric  glands  to  the  tho- 
racic duct,  and  is  finally  poured  into  the  left  sub- 
clavian. It  is  composed,  like  the  blood,  of  a  fluid 
— liipior  c/ii/li — and  of  Chi/le  corpunclea  or  glo- 
lidcn,  the  average  size  of  which  is  about  1-J.600th 
of  an  inch.     See  Chyme. 

CnvLB  Coiu>iJSCLr:s,  see  Chyle. 

CIIYLEUX,  Chylous. 

CHYLIF'EROUS.  Chy'Ufcr,  ChyH/'ema,  Chy- 
loph'orus,  (F.)  Clii/li/ere,  from  chyliis,'  chyle,'  and 
ferre,  '  to  carry.'     Chyle-bearing. 

Ciivi.if'kroits  Vi:ssi;i,s,  Vana  C/n/li/'era  seu 
Chi/ln/'ern,  Via  chi/li/'er(B,  Venm  lactece,  Vaita 
Inctea,  LncterrU,  (F.)  Vaixnenux  chyllfere»,  V. 
Laden.  Vessels  which  convey  the  chyle  from 
the  intestines  to  the  thoracic  duct.  They  have 
also  been  called  qalnctoph'ornns  rotsels. 

CIIYLIFICATION,  Chylifica'tio,  Chylo'siit, 
Chylopoc'nis,    Frapara'tio    cliyli,    from    chylun, 


'chyle,'  and  facere,  'to  make.'      Formation  of 
chyle  during  the  digestive  processes.     It  has,  at 
times,  been  applied  to  the  changes  produced  on 
the  aliment  in  the  small  intestine  ;   but  is  now 
restricted  to  the  act  of  forming  chyle  at  the  ra- 
dicles of  the  chvliferous  vessels. 
CHYLINE.  Cyclamen. 
CHYLISMA,  Succus  expressus. 
CllYLIS'MUS,  from  ^f^of.  'juice.'     The  act 
of  expressiuL'  tlie  juice  of  vegetables,  <fcc. 
CHYLOCYSTIS,  Keeeptaculum  cbyli. 
CIIYLODKS,  Chylous. 
CllYLODIAnETES,  Chvluria. 
CHYLODIARRH(EA,  Ca-liac  flux. 
CHYEODOCIIIUM,  Receptnculum  chyli. 
CHYLO(J'RAPHY,  from    x^>">^<   'chyle,'    and 
ypa<pr),  '  a  description.'    A  descriijtion  of  the  ana- 
tomy, (fee,  of  the  chvliferous  vessels. 
CilYLOPOE.SIS,  "Chylification. 
CIIYLOPOKT'IC.    Chyh.pott'iciis,    CJiylopoeiis, 
from    ;^vAos,   '  chyle,'  and   ttouui,  '  I  make.'     Re- 
lating to  or  connected  with  the  formation  of  chyle. 
Chiefly  applied   to  the  organs  immediately  con- 
cerned in  it;  as  the  stomach,  intestines,  omenta, 
and    mesentery.       AmiiKtiiiit     Chylopoilic:  —  a|i- 
plied  to  viscera  which  aid  in  the  formation  of 
chyle,  as  the  liver  aud  pancreas. 

CHYLORRliffiA,  Cocliac  flux  — c.  Pectoris, 
Chylotiiorax  —  c.  Renalis,  Chyluria — c.  Urinalis, 
Chyluria. 

CHYLOSTS,  Chylification. 
C  H  YLOSTAG'i\iA  D  I A  P  H  0  R  E  T'l  C  U  JI 
MINUERE'RI.  (;^uXof,  'juice,'  and  ara^u),  'I 
distil.')  A  compound  prepared  by  distilling  the 
theriac  o/Andromachus,  the  mithridate  o/Damo- 
crates,  and  other  alexipharmics,  <tc.  It  is  nearly 
the  same  preparation  as  the  Aqua  Theriueu'Ua 
Bezonr'dica. 

G\n:\,0'V\lO'Tl\X,Plei,rorrhw'acl,yh,'sa.Chy. 
lorrhte'a  Pec'torin,  Jlydrotlio' rax  chylo' hxih  ;  from 
X^Ko^,  '  chyle,' and  flcDpo^,  'the  chest.' — Effusion 
of  chyle  into  the  chest,  owing  to  the  rupture  of  a 
chyliferous  vessel. 

CHYLOUS,  Chylar,  Chyh/Hua  sou  Chyln'ris, 
Cliylo'dea,  (F)  Chyleux,  Cliylaire.  Relating  to 
the  chyle  ;  or  having  some  analogy  to  that  fluid. 

CHYLU'RIA,  Biabe'tes  lac'teus  seu  c/iylo'sim, 
Chylodiahe'tes,  Galactii'ria,  Fltixus  ccellacKS  per 
Reiiea,  Pyu'ria  lae'tea  seu  Chyhi'aa,  Cirlincn  uri- 
na'lia  seu  rena'h'n,  Cliylorrhw'a  nrina'lin  seu  re- 
tia'lis,  from  X^^"^'  '  cliy'e,'  and  ovpov,  '  urine.'  (F.) 
Diidn'te  chyleux.  A  discharge  of  milky  urine, 
without  any  apparent  lesion  of  the  kidneys  or 
bladder. 

CIIYLUS,  Chyle,  Decoction,  Succus. 
CHYME,  Chymua.  X'"l'°'>>  'j"'fe,'  from  ;^u(i),  'I 
flow.'  The  pulp,  formed  by  the  food,  mixed  with 
the  supra-diaphragmatic  and  gastric  secretions, 
after  it  has  been  for  some  time  in  the  stomach. 
In  this  it  continues  until  it  reaches  the  biliary 
and  pancreatic  ducts,  which  open  into  the  duo- 
denum, where  the  conversion  into  chyle  occurs, 
which  is  absorbed  by  the  chyliferous  vessels, — the 
excrementitious  portion  of  the  food  traversing  the 
large  intestine  to  be  evacuated  per  anum.  Cas- 
telli  asserts,  that  Chyme  and  Chyle  were  used  in 
an  opposite  sense  by  the  ancients,  to  that  ac- 
cepted at  present. 
CHYMI,  Humours'. 

CHY'MIA,  Cbymistry — e.  Organiea,  Chymis- 
try,  organic — c.  Pharmaccutica,  see  Chvinistry. 

CHYMIA'TER,  Chimin'ler,  Chemia'ter,  from 
Xv/icta  or  xvi^eta,  '  chymistry,'  and  larfio^,  '  a  phj-- 
sician,'  latro-chi/m'iciia.     A  chemical  physician. 

CHYMIATRI'A,  Chimiatrl'n,  Chemiotri'a, 
Tntro-chemi'a,  Jfediei'ita  sjiogyr'icrt,  Ara  Chymi- 
at'ricn,  (F.)  Chimidtrie.  Chimiame  (of  some),  from 
Xviicta  or  xif^i'h  'chymistry,'  and  larfua,  '  cure.* 
The  art  of  curing  by  chemical  means. 


CIIYMICAL 


204 


CICERBITA 


CnYM'ICAL,  Chem'ioil,  Chem'icits,  Chemo'- 
ticHS.  A  medicine  formed  by  the  aid  of  chymis- 
try,  in  contnulistinctiim  to  Gulenical. 

CIlYM'ICO-IILSTOL'OGY,67(ym'/co-7i!Vo%'- 
ia,  Chein'ico-hist(>l'o(]ij.  The  doctrine  of  the  or- 
ganic chemistry  and  morphology  of  tissues. 

CH YM ICOPIIANTA,  Chy mist. 

CHYMICUS,  Chymical,  Chymist. 

CHYMIE,  Chymistry. 

CHYMIFICA'TION,  Chjmifica'tio,  CJnjmo'- 
sis,  from  x^l^"^'  'juice,'  and  fucere,  'to  make.' 
Formation  of  chyme. 

CHYMISM,  Cliymlsm'iis,  Chemism'vs,  (F.) 
Chilli Ume.  The  abuse  of  chymistry  in  its  appli- 
cation to  the  science  of  organized  bodies.  By 
some  used  synonymously  with  Chijmintriu.  Also, 
an  accouut  of  the  chemical  phenomena  apper- 
taining to  a  function — as  the  chemismus  of  respira- 
tion. 

ClIYM'IST,  Chem'ist,  Chem'icns,  Chymico- 
pJiaii'ta,  Chym'icus,  (F.)  Chimiete  ou  Cliyminte. 
One  acquainted  with  chymistry.  In  Great  Bri- 
tain it  has,  also,  the  signification  of  "  one  who 
sells  chemicals." 

CUYMISTE,  Chymist. 

CHYM'ISTRY,  Vhem'istry,  Cliemi'a,  Cliymi'a, 
Chiiiii'a,  Cliemcii'tice,  C/iemot'ice,  PhiloHojih' ia per 
iijnem,  Spa/jy'ria,  Pyrotech'nia,  Pyrosoph'ia,  Ars 
heniiet'ica  seu  niago'rum  sea  sejiaraUi' rt a  son  upa- 
gyr'ica,  Archima'gia,  from  x^l"'^>  'J'^'^^Z  ^^  from 
Arab,  chema,  '  a  secret.'  (F.)  (Jhimie  ou  Chymie. 
A  branch  of  the  natural  sciences,  whose  object 
is  to  investigate  the  nature  and  properties  of 
bodies,  simple  and  compound,  inorganic  and 
organized  ;  and  to  study  the  force  or  power,  by 
virtue  of  which  every  combination  is  effected.  It 
investigates  the  action  between  the  integrant  mo- 
lecules or  atoms  of  bodies. 

Ort/an'ic  Chemistry,  Ghymi'a  ortjrin'icn,  Organo- 
cJiemi'a,  is  the  chymistry  of  organized  substances, 
—  animal  and  vegetable.  Anitnal  Chym'istry, 
Zooch'einy  or  Zooch'ymy,  Zoochemi'a,  is  the  chy- 
mistry of  substances  afforded  by  the  dead  or  living 
animal  body.  This  branch  of  chymistry  has  been 
farther  subdivided  into  physiological,  when  it  con- 
siders the  changes  produced  in  organized  bodies 
in  health, — patholin/ical,  when  it  regards  those 
produced  by  organic  or  other  diseases.  Anthro- 
poch'yiny,  Anihropochemi'a,  is  the  chymistry  of 
the  human  body.  Chymistry  is  called  Thcrupeu'- 
tieal  or  Pharmacen'tictd,  Pharmnco-chymi'a,  Chy- 
vii'a  phurmaceu'tiea,  when  it  is  engaged  in  the 
analysis  of  simple  medicines ;  in  improving  the 
prescribing  and  preparing  of  chemical  and  Galeni- 
cal medicines  ;  in  the  means  of  preparing  them, 
and  detecting  adulterations,  &c.  Nygien'ic  Chym'- 
intiy  is  that  which  is  applied  to  the  means  of 
rendering  habitations  healthy,  of  analyzing  the 
air  we  breathe,  preventing  the  occurrence  of  dis- 
ease, pointing  out  healthy  aliments,  and  apprecia- 
ting the  influence  of  professions,  <l'c.,  on  the  health 
of  man.  All  these  different  subdivisions,  with 
vegetable  chymistry,  are,  at  times,  included  un- 
der the  head  of  Medical  Chym'istry,  Phytochy- 
mistry  ;  at  others,  the  terra  comjirehends  only  the 
Animal,  Vegetnhle  and  Pharmaceutical  subdivi- 
sions. Vital  Chemistry,  Biorhymi'a,  is  that  which 
is  exerted  under  the  influence  of  vitality.  ///«- 
toch'yniy,  Ilistochemi'a,  Histo-chem'istry,  is  the 
chemistry  of  the  tissues,  and  Phlegmatoeh'emy, 
that  of  the  animal  huraoiirs,  (Lebniann). 

A  kuowledire  of  chemistry  is  of  great  importance 
to  the  physician.  Many  of  the  functions  are  of 
a  chemical  nature :  many  dispenses  require  a  che- 
mical mode  of  treatment;  and,  without  an  ac- 
quaintance with  it,  two  or  more  substances  might 
be  "iven  in  combination,  which,  by  forming  a 
chemical  union,  might  give  rise  to  other  com- 
pounds, possessing  very  different  virtues  from  the 


components  taken  singly,  and  thus  the  prescriber 
be  disappointed  in  the  results. 

Chymistiiy,  Animal,  see  Chymistry  —  e.  Ily. 
gienic,  see  Chymistry  —  c.  Medical,  see  Chymis- 
try— c.  Organic,  see  Chymistry — c.  I'liarmaceu- 
tic,  see  Chymistry  —  c.  Therapeutical,  see  Chy. 
mistry  —  c.  Vegetable,  see  Chymistry  —  c.  Vital, 
sec  Chymistrv. 

CJIYMOCilEZIA,  Coeliac  flu.T. 

CIIYMOPLA'XIA,  (G.)  Chymoplanien, 
Dyschymosen,  from  X"!^"^'  'j""-'c>'  "-'"i  "Xuvi;, 
'wandering.'  A  transposition  of  secretions:  —  a 
family  of  diseases  in  the  classification  of  Fuchs, 
which  includes  icterus,  uroplania,  uienoplania 
and  galactoplania. 

CHYMOKRIKEA,  Cceliac  flux,  Lientcry. 

ClIYMOSIN,  Pepsin. 

CHYMOSIS,  Chemosis,  Chymification. 

CHYMOUS,  Chymo'siis,  (F.)  Chymeiix.  Re- 
lating to,  or  resembling  chyme. 

CHYMOZEMIA,  Ilvpercrinia. 

CHYTLEN,  RADIX.  A  cylindrical  root, bitter 
and  inodorous,  brought  from  China.  It  is  held 
by  the  Chinese  to  be  stomachic. — Murray. 

ClIYT'LON,  ;;^;utXui/,  from  x^">>  '  I  P""!"  out.' 
A  liquid  formerly  used  for  rubbing  the  body  after 
bathing. 

CIBARIUM,  Aliment. 

CIBARIOUS,  Esculent. 

CIBA'RIUS  PANIS,  '  Coarse  bread.'  Bread 
made  of  second  flour. — Celsus. 

CIBA'TIO.  Trophe.  The  taking  of  food.  In 
Pharmacy,  it  is  the  same  as  Incorporation. 

CIBUS,  Aliment — e.  Albus,  hluucmaugcr — c. 
Deorum,  Asafoetida. 

CWA  TRICE,  Cicatrix. 

CICATRICES  OVARIORUM,  Stigmata  ova- 
riorum. 

CICATRIC'ULA.  Diminutive  of  Cieatrix.  A 
small  cica'trix,  Stigma,  (F.)  Cieatricnle.  The 
term  is,  also,  applied  to  a  small  white  spot,  called 
the  tread,  clial'aza,  chnla'zium,  observable  at  the 
surface  of  a,  fecundated  egg.     See  Molecule. 

CICATRISAN'TIA,  Epnlot'ica,  Syiinlol'ica, 
Apulut'ica,  Catulot'ica,  Ulut'ica,  (F.)  Oicalriannts, 
Remedies  formerly  considered  to  be  capable  of 
producing  cicatrization. 

CICA'TRIX,  CcBca'trix,  Ule,  Oide,  Cic'atrice, 
from  ccEcarc,  'to  conceal,'  because  it  conceals  the 
the  wound.  (F.)  Cicatrice.  A  sear.  A  seam, 
(Sc.)  Ai-r.  The  union  of  parts,  which  have  been 
divided.  A  sear  or  formation,  of  a  reddish  colour, 
afterwards  whitish,  and  of  variable  thickness, 
which  takes  place  at  the  surface  of  wounds  or 
ulcers  after  their  cure.  A  cicatrix  may  vary  much 
in  shape,  consistence,  and  thickness.  The  cica- 
trix of  a  bone  is  called  Callus.  A  vic"ioiis  cica'- 
trix, (F.)  Cicatrice  vicieme,  is  one  which  inter- 
feres with  the  action  of  the  parts  on  which  it 
occurs.  The  scars,  (F.)  Oontnres,  after  small-pox, 
are  called  Pita  or  Pock-marJcs,  (Sc.)  PocJe-arrs, 
(F.)  Couturex  par  la  petite  verole.    See  Pock-mark. 

Cicatrix  Vartoi./e,  Pock-mark. 

CICATRIZA'TION,  Cicntrisn'tio,  Epnlo'tit, 
Sipndn'sis.  The  process  by  which  a  cicatrix  is 
formed.  Every  tissue,  except  the  nails,  epider- 
mis, hair,  and  enamel  is,  probably,  capable  of 
cicatrization. 

CICELY,  SWEET,  ChEerophyllum  odoratum, 
Osmorrhiza  Inngistvlis,  Scandix  odorata. 

CICER  ARIETI'NUM.  The  Cicer  plant,  Ere- 
hin'thus,  (F.)  Ciecrole,  Pais  Chiche,  Garrance, 
Pesette.  The  seeds  are  ground  into  flour,  and 
used  as  bread  in  some  countries. 

CiCRR  Lkns,  Ervum  lens. 

CI'CERA  TAR'TARI.  Small  pills  of  turpen- 
tine and  cream  of  tartar  —  of  the  size  of  a  vctcli 
or  cicer. 

CICERBITA,  Sonchus  olcraceus. 


CICilROLE 


205 


CILIARY 


CJr'flROLE.  Cioor  arictiniim. 

Crr|[()'RIUM  KNDIV'IA.  The  systematic 
name  ot  tlio  Ijinlive,  ICndlo'ia,  Endl'va,  In'tnbnin, 
In'tyhiim  (Aiiliq.),  Scariolit,  Iii'tijbui  horten'ain, 
(F.)  Oliicoree  (leu  .Jnrdlns,  Scnrnile.  Ord.  Cichi)- 
raceic.  Sex.  Synt.  Syngenesia  Polj'gamia  {equa- 
lly. It  is  a  common  pot  herb,  and  is  eaten  as 
sala'l. 

Cicno'RIUM  In'tYBITS,  Svris,  Scrinln,  Tn'tiihinn 
errat'iciiiii.  The  systematic  name  of  the  Wild 
Snc'cori/,  Wild  Oieh'ori/,  Cich'ori/,  C'hic'oiy,  Wild 
Eiullri;,  Aiiihiitei'a,  Hfllotro'  pinn,  Oitiannn'ce, 
Cicho'reum,  (F.)  Chicnree  sniivai/e.  It  is  bitter, 
and  was  once  given  as  a  tonic.  The  root,  roasted 
and  ground,  is  often  used  instead  of,  or  mixed 
with,  eotroe. 

CICIIORY,  Cichorium  intybus— c.  Wild,  Cicho- 
riura  iiityl)«s. 

CICI,  Ilicinus communis. 

CICINDK'LA,  Lnm'pi/n's  NoctHn'ca,  Nited'- 
xda.  The  Glow-worm.  (F.)  Ver  hiisnnt.  This 
insect  was  once  thought  to  be  anodyne  and  lithon- 
triptic. 

CICrS,  see  Quercus  infectoria. 

CICOX'GIUS;  an  ancient  measure,  containing 
12  pints. 

CICUTA,  Conium  maculatum. 

Cicu'tA  Aqiiat'ica,  C.  viro'xa,  Cicnta'rianqnat'- 
ira,  Corian'drnm  cicu'tfi,  Water  Heniloek,  Cow- 
bane,  (F.)  Uiijit'e  nqnafiqne  ou  vi'reuse,  Cicufaire 
aqiifil!(jii/;.  Fumihj,  Umbclliferaj.  Sex.  Si/it. 
Pentandria  Disynia.  A  violent  poison,  often 
eaten  by  mistake  for  Wild  SinalliKje,  Apium 
OraveoleitH.  It  produces  tremors,  vertigo,  burn- 
ing at  the  stomach,  and  all  the  symptoms  occa- 
sioned by  the  Narcotico-acrid  class  of  poisons. 

Cicu'ta  Macula'ta,  (F.)  Cirjne  d'Amiriqiie, 
American  tr<iter  hemlock,  American  Hemlock, 
Snakeirred,  Drath.  of  man,  Water  parsley,  Poison 
mot,  Wild  Hemlock,  Children's  bane.  Spotted 
Cowbaiie,  is  analogous  in  botanical  character  and 
medical  properties  to  the  European  species.  See 
Conium  niaiulatum. 

CiciiTA  Major,  Conium  maculatum — c.  Major 
fcetida,  Conium  maculatum — e.  Stoerkii,  Conium 
maculatum — c.  Terrestris,  Conium  maculatum — 
c.  Virosa,  Cicuta  aquatica — c.  Vulgaris,  Conium 
maculatum. 

CIV  VTA  [HE  A  Q  UA  TIQ  UE,  Cicuta  aquatica. 

CICUTARIA,  Chaerophyllum  sylvestre  —  c. 
Aquatica,  Cicuta  aquatica,  Phellandrium  aquati- 
cum — c.  Odorata,  ChflBrophyllum  odoratum. 

CrCUTLYE,  see  Conium. 

CIDER,  Poma'ceuM,  (F.)  Cidre.  This  word 
is  said  to  have  been  formerly  written  sidre,  and 
to  have  come  from  Sic'cra,  criKtoa.  which  signifies 
any  kind  of  fermented  liquor  other  than  wine. 
It  is  made  from  the  juice  of  apples,  and,  vrhen 
good,  is  a  wholesome  drink. 

CIDRE.  Cider. 

CIERGE  DE  NOTRE  DAME,  Verbascum 
thapsus. 

CICtAK',  Cigar'ra,  (S.)  Cigarro,  (F.)  Ci/iare. 
A  small  tubular  roll  of  tobacco,  used  for  smoking. 

Medic"inal  or  Jfed'icated  Cit/nrs,  (F.)  Cif/ares 
Mfdiciiiaiix,  are  made  of  dried  plants,  with,  or 
without,  the  addition  of  medicinal  articles.  When 
rolled  in  paper,  they  form  cigarettes,  which  may 
bo  used  with  or  without  combustion,  as  in  the 
case  of  the  Cigarettes  de  Camphre.  The  Ciga- 
rettes arsfiiicalis  de  Tioudin  are  made  of  paper 
impregnated  with  an  aqueous  solution  of  arse- 
nious  acid,  or  of  arseniate  of  soda,  and  dried. 

CIGARETTE,  see  Cigar  — c.  Arshticale  de 
Boitdin,  see  Cigar — c.  de  Camphre,  see  Cigar. 

CIGARRA,  Cigar. 

ClUXrS:  an  ancient  measure,  which  contained 
about  two  drachius. 


CIGlin  AQUATIQUE,  Cicuta  aquatica  — c. 
d'Ameriqiie,  Cicuta  maculata — c.  d'Eaii,  Phellan- 
drium aquaticum — c.  Grande,  Conium  mafulafum 
— c.  Ordinaire,  Conium  maculatum — c.  OJicinule, 
Conium — c.  Petite,  ^thusa  cynapium — c.  Virenee, 
Cicuta  aquatica. 

CIL'IA  (singular  Ciliiim),  lilcphar'ides,  Epi- 
cae'lides,  Pili  palpcbra'riim.  The  eyelashes,  (Sc.) 
Winkers.  The  hairs  on  the  eyelids.  (F.)  Cils. 
Their  use  seems  to  be,  to  prevent  the  entrance 
into  the  eye  of  light  bodies  flying  in  the  atmo- 
sphere; and  to  diminish,  in  certain  cases,  the  in- 
tensity of  light.  Also,  the  tarsi.  Also,  a  pecu- 
liar sort  of  moving  organs,  resembling  small 
hairs,  vi'bratory  or  vi'hratile  cil'ia,  Cil'ia  vibra- 
to'ria,  (F.)  Cils  vibrntils,  which  are  visible  with 
the  microscope  in  many  animals.  These  organs 
are  found  on  parts  of  the  body  which  are  habit- 
ually in  contact  with  water,  or  other  more  or  less 
fluid  matters,  and  produce  motion  in  these  fluids, 
impelling  them  along  the  surface  of  the  parts. 
Cilia  hiive  been  found  to  exist  in  all  vertebrated 
animals  except  fishes,  having  been  discovered  on 
the  respiratory,  uterine,  and  other  membranes 
of  mammalia,  birds,  and  reptiles. 

The  terms  "vibratory  motion"  and  "ciliary 
motion"  have  been  used  to  express  the  pheno- 
mena exhibited  by  the  moving  cilia;  and  it  is  pro- 
bable, that  this  motion  is  concerned  in  the  pro- 
gression of  fluids  along  the  metnbranes.  As  yet, 
the  motion  has  only  been  observed  in  the  direc- 
tion of  the  outlets  of  canals. 

ClIJAfRE,  Ciliary. 

CIL'IARY,  Cilia'ris,  (F.)  Ciliaire.  Relating 
to  tiie  eyelashes,  or  to  ci7i'<i.  This  epithet  has, 
also,  been  applied  to  different  parts,  which  enter 
into  the  structure  of  the  eye;  from  the  resem- 
blance between  some  of  them  [the  ciliary  pro- 
cesses) and  the  eyelashes. 

CiLlAny  Ak'teries,  Arte'rics  cilia' res,  (F.)  ^ic- 
tires  ciliuires.  These  are  furnished  by  the  oph- 
thalmic artery.  They  are  distinguished  into,  1. 
Short  or  posterior  (Art.  vveoles — Chauss.)  30  or 
40  in  number,  which  are  distributed  to  tiie  ciliary 
processes.  2.  Long.  (Art.  Iriennes  of  Chauss.,) 
two  in  number,  which,  by  tlie  anastomoses  of 
their  branches,  form  two  arterial  circles  at  the 
anterior  surface  of  the  iris:  and,  .3.  The  anterior, 
Arte'rifB  cilin'res  anterio'res  of  Haller,  the  num- 
ber of  which  is  variable.  These  pierce  the  scle- 
rotic a  few  lines  from  its  union  with  the  cornea; 
and  are  principally  distributed  to  the  iris. 

ClMARY  BoF)V,  Corpus  Cil ia' re,  Nexns  Stamin'- 
ens  Oc'itii,  Coro'na  Cilia'ris,  Ciliary  Disc,  (F.) 
Corps  cilinire.  A  ring  of  the  choroid  surround- 
ing the  crystalline  in  the  manner  of  a  crown  ; 
placed  behind  the  iris  and  the  ciliary  circle.  It 
resembles  the  disk  of  a  radiated  flower,  and  is 
formed  Ijy  the  union  of  the  ciliary  processes. 
See  Ciliary  Muscle. 

CiiviAKY  Canal,  Canal  of  Fonta'na.  A  small, 
extremely  narrow  circular  space,  formed  i)etween 
the  ciliary  circle,  the  cornea,  and  the  sclerotica. 
It  can  be  filled  with  injection,  and  it  is  not  cer- 
tain that  it  is  not  the  cavity  of  a  blood-vessel. 

Ciliary  Ciuclr,  Ciliary  ligament  —  c.  Disc, 
Ciliary  body — e.  Ganglion,  Ophthalmic  ganglion. 

ClLL\RY  Lig'AMKNT,  C.  Circle  or  Ping,  Ligii- 
men'tnm  seu  Instertit"ium.  cilia're  sen  I'ridis, 
Plexus  cilia'ris,  An'nnhi-s  sen  Cir'ciiliis  sen  Or- 
bic'ulns  cilia'ris,  A.  cellnlo'sus,  Com'missnre  of 
the  Urea,  (F.)  Commissure  de  la  Choroide — (Ch.), 
Ligament  ou  Cercle  ciliaire,  Cercle  de  la  Cho- 
roide, Ceinture  blanche  de  la  Choroide.  A  species 
of  greyish  ring,  of  a  pulpy  consistence,  situate 
between  the  choroid,  iris,  and  sclerotica.  The 
internal  surface  of  the  choroid  is  uniform,  until 
it  approaches  within  ten  lines  and  a  half  of  the 
edge  of  the  eurnea;  here  a  dcutated  line  is  ob- 


CILIATED 


206 


CINCHONA 


served,  termed  ora  scn-a'ta.  The  outer  surface 
presents  the  an')itiltis  al'hidua  seu  (/migliform'is, 
the  anterior  edj;e  of  which  unites  to  tiie  inner 
surface  of  the  sclerotica  and  constitutes  the  ci7i- 
art/  tii/ament. 

Cii/iAny  or  Tars.vl  Margin  of  the  eyelids ; 
(F.)  Bord  cili'iire.  The  edge  in  which  the  cilia 
or  eyelashes  are  situate. 
Ciliary  Motion,  see  Cilia. 
Ciliary  Mi;sclk,  3liiH'cahif<  cilia' rh.  The 
part  of  the  orbicularis  palpebrarum  in  the  vici- 
nity of  the  ciliary  margin.  Also,  the  greyish, 
semi-transparent  structure  behind  the  ciliary 
ligament  and  covering  the  outside  of  the  ciliary 
body.  By  its  contraction  the  ciliary  processes, 
and  with  them  the  lens,  must  be  drawn  towards 
the  cornea.  It  appears  to  be  the  same  muscle  as 
the  TetiHor  choroidecs,  Pro'trcihens  leiitia,  or  cho- 
roid muscle  of  some  anatomists. 

Ciliary  Nerves  (Nerfs  Iricns, — Chauss.),  (F.) 
Nerfs  ciliaires.  These  are  12  to  16  in  numljcr. 
They  arise  from  the  nasal  nerve,  and  particu- 
larly from  the  anterior  part  of  the  ophthalmic 
ganglion  ;  and  unite  in  two  fasciculi,  which  pass 
around  the  optic  nerve,  and  pierce  the  sclerotica 
near  the  entrance  of  that  nerve  into  the  eye. 
They  are  lost  in  the  ciliary  ligament.  . 
Ciliary  Plexus,  C.  Ligament. 
Ciliary  Proc"esses,  Proces'sus  seu  Rad'ii 
seu  StricB  cilia'rea,  (F.)  Proces  ciliaires,  Rayons 
soHs-iriens  —  (Ch.).  Triangular  folds,  sixty  or 
eighty  in  number,  placed  at  the  side  of  each  other, 
and  radiating,  so  as  to  resemble  the  disk  of  a 
radiated  flower.  They  are  lodged  in  depressions 
at  the  anterior  part  of  the  vitreous  humour.  The 
uses  of  these  processes  are  not  known. 
Ciliary  Ring,  Ciliary  ligament. 
Ciliary  Stri^  are  numerous  pale,  radiated 
striae  in  the  posterior  portion  of  the  Corpus  cili- 
are,  but  so  covered  by  the  Pigmeutuin  nigrum  as 
not  to  be  distinctly  seen  till  the  paint  is  removed. 
The  ciliary  processes  are  formed  by  these  striae. 

Ciliary  Veins,  (F.)  Vcines  ciliaires,  follow 
nearly  the  same  course  as  the  arteries.  In  the 
choroid  they  are  so  tortuous,  that  they  have  re- 
ceived the  name  Vasa  vortico'sa.  They  open  into 
the  ophthalmic  vein. 

Ciliary  Zone,  Zona  seu  Zo'nuln  seu  Lam'ina 
Cilia'ris,  3fenihran'ula  Coro'iicB  Cilia'ris.  Under 
the  corpus  ciliare,  the  capsule  of  the  vitreous 
humour  sends  off  an  external  lamina,  which  ac- 
companies the  retina,  and  is  inserted,  with  it, 
into  the  forepart  of  the  capsule  of  the  lens,  a 
little  before  its  anterior  edge.  This  is  the  Zonula 
ciliaris,  Zonula  Zin'nii  or  Zonula  of  Zinn,  Go- 
ro'na  Cilia'ris,  Orhic'nlus  Cilia'ris.  It  is  of  a 
striated  appearance  and  circular  form,  and  assists 
in  fixing  the  lens  to  the  vitreous  humour. 

CIL'IATED,  Cilia'tus,  (F.)  Cilie,  from  cilia. 
Provided  with  cilia  —  as  "  cilinted  epithelium," 
the  epithelium  to  which  vibratory  cilia  are  at- 
tached. 

CILIUM,  see  Cilia. 
CILLEMEXT,  Nictation. 

CILLO.     A  name  given  by  some   authors   to 
those  whose  upper  eyelid  is  perpetually  tremu- 
lous ; — a  tremljling,  which  in  some  cases  is  called 
Life's  blood.     "  To  have  life's  blood  in  the  eye," 
in  other  words,  is  to  have  this  affection.     Vogel 
calls  it  Cillo'sis. 
CILLOSIS,  Cillo. 
CTLS,  Cilia— c.  Vibratils,  see  Cilia. 
CIMEX,  C.  lectida'rinv,  Aean'thia  lectnla'ria, 
Koris.  Kopti.     The  Burj ;   Wall,  House  OT  Bed  Bug 
or  Chiuche.    (F.)  Punaise.    Six  or  seven  of  these, 
given  internally,  are  said  to  have  prevented  ague  ! 
There  is  scarcely  anything  which  is  sufficiently 
disgusting,  that  has  nut  been  exhibited  for  this 


purpose,  and  with  more  or  less  success.  The  bug 
has  also  been  esteemed  eaimenagogue. 
CIMICIFUGA,  Aetata  racemosa. 
CIMO'LIA  PURPUllES'CRNS,  Terra  Sapo. 
na'ria  seu  Fullon'ica,  Fuller's  Earth.  A  com- 
pact bolar  earth,  employed  in  the  arts.  Used  at 
times  as  a  cooling  application  to  inflamed  nip- 
ples, &c. 

Cimo'lia  Terra,  Cimo'Ua  alha,  Cimo'lus,  SmeC' 
tis,  Sntectris;  from  K(//o)Xof,  an  island  in  the  Cre- 
tan Sea,  where  it  is  procured.  It  was  formerly 
used  as  an  astringent,  &c. — Scrihonius  Largus, 
Pliny.     Probably,  the  same  as  the  last. 

CINA  CINA,  Cinchona  —  c.  Lcvantica,  Arte- 
misia Santonica. 

CINABARIS,  Ilydrargyri  sulphuretum  ru- 
brum. 

CINABARIUM,  Ilydrargyri  sulphuretum  ru- 
brum. 

CIN'ABRA,  Grasus.  The  smell  of  a  he-goat, 
A  rank  smell,  like  that  of  the  armpit,  Uirvm 
ala'rnm. 

CINABRE,  Ilydrargyri  sulphuretum  rubrura. 
CIN^DIA,  Masturbation. 
CINARA  IIORTENSIS,  Cynara  scolymus— c. 
Scolymus,  Cynara  scolymus. 

CINCHO'NA.  So  called  from  the  Spanish 
Viceroy's  lady,  the  Countess  de  Cinchon,  who 
was  cured  of  fever  by  it  at  Lima,  about  1638. 
Called  also  Cortex  seu  Pulois  Jesuit'icus,  Jesuit's 
Bark  or  Powder,  Cortex  Patrum,  because  it  was 
introduced  into  Europe  by  the  Jesuits;  also  Pul- 
vis  Comitis'sce  or  the  Countess's  Poroder,  and  Car- 
dinal del  Lugo's  Pouider,  Cortex  Cardina'lis  de 
Lugo,  because  he  introduced  it  at  Rome  ;  and  in 
France,  Talbor's  Powder  and  English  remedij, 
because  successfully  used  there  by  Sir  Robert 
Talbor,  who  kept  it  a  secret.  It  is  the  pharraa- 
copoeial  name  of  several  kinds  of  barks  froru 
various  species  of  Cinchona,  from  the  western 
coast  of  South  America.  Order,  Cinchonaceae. 
Sex.  Si/st.  Pentandria  Monogynia.  Called,  also, 
Cortex,  Bark,  Peruvian  Bark,  Cortex  Chinee  seu 
China,  Chinchi'iia,  Palos  de  Calentura,  Kina 
Kina,  (Bark  of  Barks,)  Kinki'na,  Cina  Cina, 
Quina  Quina,  Quinqui'na,  Ifagnum  Dei  donmn, 
(F.)  Quinquina ;  and  in  Peru  Caseara  and  Cas- 
carilla.     See  Caseara. 

Cinchona  Amygdalifolia,  see  Cinchonas  cor- 
difoliae  cortex — c.  Boliviana,  see  CinchonaB  cor- 
difoliae  cortex — c.  Calisaya,  see  Cinchona;  cordi- 
foliae  cortex  —  c.  Micrantha,  sec  Cinchonas  cordi- 
foliae  cortex — c.  Oflicinalis  (Cortex  Flavus),  Cin- 
chonse  cordifolite  cortex  —  c.  Pallida,  Cincbonae 
lancifoliae  cortex — c.  Ovata,  see  Cinchonas  cordi- 
foliae  cortex  —  c.  Pitaya,  Pitaya  bark  —  c.  Pubes- 
eens,  see  Cinchona}  cordifoliae  cortex  —  c.  Scro- 
bicula,  see  Cincbonae  cordifolias  cortex — c.  of  Vir- 
ginia, Magnolia  glauca. 

CiNCHo'NyE  Carib^/^  Cortex,  from  Exns- 
teni'ma  Caribm' um,  Carihm'an  or  Saint  Lucia 
Bark,  (F.)  Ecorce  de  Saint  Lucie,  Quinquina 
Piton,  from  Exoste'ma  Jloribvnd'um ;  and  the 
Pitaya  Bark,  Quinquina  hi'color,  from  an  exos- 
tema  [?] 'Or  from  strychnos  pseudoquina  [?],  are 
useful  substitutes  for  the  cinchona  of  Peru.  These 
are  the  most  important  spurious  barks.  They 
contain  neither  quinia  nor  cinchonia. 

CiNCHON^E  Cordipo'lIjE  Cortex,  Cortex  f  amis, 
Ginchonm  ojficina'lis  cortex,  flavus,  China  re'gia 
seu  Calisay'a,  Cortex  Chin0  re' gins  seu  JhicM 
seu  lu'tens,  Yellow  Royal  or  Culisay'a  Bark, 
(F.)  Quinquina  jaune  ou  jaune  royal,  Calasaya. 
Odour  aromatic ;  taste  strong,  bitter,  astringent. 
Not  rolled;  often  without  the  epidermis,  which 
is  very  thick  and  inert;  light,  friable;  fracture 
fibrous.  Active  principle  Quinia.  The  /"/««  or 
spurious  Calisaya  harks  are  those  of  Cinchona 


CINCnONIA 


207 


CINNAMON 


Cnh'nayn,  variety  JosepMana ;  C.  Boh'viana,  C. 
ovditt,  variety  riijinervis,  called,  in  Peru,  Caa- 
corilln  Curabayn  —  the  Carahaya  hark  of  com- 
merce ; — of  6'.  acrohicidata,  two  varieties,  Ciisco 
liii-k  iilid  Jhirk  of  St.  Ann  ;  of  C.  piihescens,  which 
furnishes  the  CitMco  or  An'cn  bark;  of  C.  micrcui- 
ihii  iin'l  of  0.  awyr/dali/itlin. 

ClsciioN^E  IjANCiFo'l.lyK  CoRTEX,  Cortex  Peru- 
viu'nim  sen  j)(il'l!<liin,  ChichnncB  oJ/i<:>na'iis  cortex 
coin  mil' nil,  C'niihona  palliild,  Pale,  Loxn  or 
Cniirn  /lark,  (F.)  Qitiii'/iii'iia  t/riH  de  Loxa,  Qiiin- 
(jiiiiia  Urantje.  Its  odour  is  aromatic:  taste 
pleasant,  bitter,  and  astringent.  The  pieces  arc 
rolled  in  double  or  single  quills.  Epidermis 
brown,  cracked;  fracture  resinous.  Internally 
of  a  cinnamon  colour.  Its  active  principle  is 
Cinchonia. 

CiNciioxyE  Obi,on(;tfo'li>e  Cortex,  Cortex 
ruber,  CinclioncB  offieiiia'lis  cortex  ruber.  Peel 
liark,  (F.)  Quinquina  rouije,  (Sp.)  CaecariUa  roxa 
and  C.  coloraila,  of  S.  America.  Odour  and  taste 
the  same  as  the  pale,  but  more  intense:  in  large 
flat  pieces,  solid,  heavy,  dry  ;  fracture  short  and 
ftnooth ;  of  a  deep  brownish-red  colour.  Al- 
though this  variety  of  bark  is  assigned  to  the 
Cinchona  oblongifolia  by  some,  it  would  seem, 
that  nothing  is  eertninly  known  ns  to  its  source. 
Active  principles,  Cinchonia  and  Qiiinia. 

The  last  three  are  the  only  officinal  varieties 
in  the  Pharmacopceia  of  the  United  States.  There 
arc  many  other  varieties,  however,  which  are 
genuine  cinchona  barks,  and  yet  have  not  been 
considered  worthy  of  an  officinal  position.  The 
Edinburgh  Pharmacopoeia  admits,  indeed,  Cin- 
chona cinerea.  Grey  bark,  Silver  bark  or  Hiinuuco 
or  Li nni  bark,  which  is  obtained  around  Iluanuco 
in  Peru,  and,  with  the  Jaen  or  Ash  bark  and  the 
Hiiainilies  bark,  belongs  to  the  class  of  pale  or 
Loxa  barks.  Amongst  the  genuine  but  inferior 
barks  arc  those  brought  from  the  northern  Atlan- 
tic ports  of  South  America,  which,  in  commerce, 
are  variously  called  Pitaya,  Boijula,  Cartliagnna, 
jl/iiracaybo,  and  Santa  Martha  barks.  The  Bo- 
gota is  also  called  Fusa  (/asni/a  and  Coquctla 
bark. 

All  these  barks  are  bitter,  astringent,  tonic, 
and  eminently  febrifuge.  The  yellow  bark  has 
been  thought  equal  to  any  of  the  others,  but  the 
red  contains  more  active  principle.  The  discovery 
of  their  active  principles  is  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant gifts  of  modern  chymistry.  Still,  in  per- 
nicious intermittents,  the  bark,  in  substance,  is 
often  demanded.  It  is  employed  in  every  disease 
in  which  there  is  deficient  tone ;  but  in  cases 
■where  the  stomach  is  much,  debilitated,  the  pow- 
der had  better  bo  avoided,  in  consequence  of  the 
woody  fibre,  which  might  disagree.  Externally, 
it  is  used  in  enemata,  gargles,  Ac,  and  in  gan- 
grenous ulcerations.  When  it  excites  nausea,  an 
nroniatie  may  be  added  to  it;  if  purging,  opium; 
if  costiveness,  rhubarb,  &c.  Dose,  ^^^^s  to  5J  or 
more. 

EssKXTiAi,  Salt  op  Bark,  as  it  is  called,  is 
an  extract,  prepared  by  macerating  the  bruised 
substance  of  bark  in  cold  water,  and  submitting 
the  infusion  to  a  very  slow  evaporation. 

ClNCllOXIA,  Cinchonine  — c.  Taunate  of, 
QiiiniiP  et  cinchoniiu  tannas. 

ClNClW'ii'lCl'ME,Clnchonici'na,Ciiichonic"ia. 
M'hen  a  salt  of  cinchonia  is  exposed  to  heat,  with 
certain  precautions,  the  alkaloid  is  changed  into 
nnotlier,  isomeric  with  itself,  to  which  this  name 
has  lieen  given.  Cinchonicine,  and  its  sulphate, 
possess  the  same  medical  properties  as  cinchonia 
and  its  salts.     Dose,  gr.  v.  to  gr.  xv. 

CINCII'OXINE,  Cinchoni'na,  Cinrh'onin,  Cin- 
cho'nia.  The  active  principle  of  Cincho'na  lan- 
clf'o'lia.  An  organic,  crystalline  alkali;  of  a 
white  colour,  and  bitter,  slightly  astringent  taste; 


very  soluble  in  alcohol  and  ether,  but  almost  in 
soluble  in  water. 

Sulphate  of  Cinchonia,  which  is  formed  directly 
from  cinchonia,  is  soluble  in  water  and  alcohol. 
The  action  of  the  sulphate  of  cinchonia  is  similar 
to  that  of  the  sulphate  of  quinia;  but  it  is  less 
energetic,  and  consequently  requires  to  be  given 
in  a  larger  dose. 

Cinchonine,  Tartrate  of,  see  Quinine,  tar- 
trate of. 

CINCHONISM.  Quininism. 

CINCHOTIN,  Quinidia. 

CINCIN'NULUS.  A  little  lock  or  curl  of  hair. 

CINCIN'NUS.  A  curled  or  frizzled  lock.  The 
hair  on  the  temples. 

CINC'LICIS,  Cinclis'mwi,  'agitation;  rapid 
and  frequent  motion.'  The  movement  of  the 
thorax  in  dyspnoea.  —  Hippocrates.  It  has  been 
used,  also,  synonymauslv  with  nictation. 

CINCLISMIIS,  Cinclisis. 

CINEFACTIO,  Incineration. 

C  I  N  E'M  A,  Cine'sis,  from  Kivtui,  '  I  move.' 
Motion. 

CINERARIA  MARITIMA.  Achoavon,  Abiat. 

CINERATION,  Incineration. 

CINEKES  CLAVELLATI.  see  Potash  —  c, 
Gravellati,  see  Potash  —  c.  Russici,  Potash  of 
commerce. 

CINEREUS,  Cineritious. 

C  I  N  E  R  I  T"I  0  U  S,  Ciner'eus,  from  cinerea, 
'ashes;'  (F.)  Cendre.  Of  the  colour  of  ashes. 
The  cortical  eubntunce  of  the  brain,  and  the  vesi- 
cular neurine  in  general,  have  been  so  called. 
See  Cortex  Cerebri,  and  Neurine. 

CINESIPATIIY,  Kincsipathy. 

CINESIS,  Cinema,  Motion. 

CINETH'MICS,  from  kivco,,  'I  move.'  The 
science  of  movements  in  general. 

CINETIC,  Motory. 

CINET'ICA.  Same  etymon.  Diseases  affect- 
ing the  muscles,  and  characterized  by  irregular 
action  of  the  muscles  or  muscular  fibres,  commonly 
denominated  Spasm,  The  3d  order  in  the  class 
Neurotica  of  (iood.  ,  Also,  agents  that  affect  the 
voluntary  or  involuntary  motions. — Pereira. 

CINETUS,  Diaphragm. 

CINGULARIA,  Lycopodium. 

CIN'GULUM,  Zone,  from  cinf/o,  'I  bind.'  (F.) 
Ceinture.  A  cincture.  A  girdle.  The  part  of 
the  body,  situate  below  the  ribs,  to  which  the 
girdle  is  applied.     The  rcaist.     Herpes  zoster. 

Cin'citlum  Hilda'ni,  Zo'nnla  Hilda'ni,  (F.) 
Ceinture  de  Hildane.  A  leathern  girdle  formerly 
used  for  the  reduction  of  luxations  and  fractures 
of  the  extremities. 

Cin'gulum  Mercoria'le,  C.  Sapien'tim  seu 
Stnltit"icp..  A  woollen  girdle,  containing  mercu- 
rial ointment.  It  was  used  as  an  antisyphilitic, 
and  in  diseases  of  the  skin.  (F.)  Ceinture  de  vif 
argent. 

Ci.voiiLUM  Sancti  Joannis,  Artemisia  vulgaris. 

CININ,  Snntonine. 

CINIS  FiECUM,  see  Potash  — c.  Infectorius, 
see  Potash. 

CINNABAR,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  ru- 
bruin — 0.  Grsvcorum,  see  Calamus  rotang. 

CIXNABRE,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  ru- 
brum. 

CINNAMOMUM,  Laurus  cinnamoraum  —  c. 
Album,  Canella  Alba — c.  Aromaticum,  see  Laurus 
cinnnniomum-^c.  Culilawan,  Laurus  Culilawan — 
c.  Indicum,  Laurus  cassia  —  c.  Magellanicum, 
AVintera  aromatica — c.  Malabaricnm,  Laurus  cas- 
sia—  c.  Sylvestre  Americanum,  Nectandra  cin- 
namomoides  —  c.  Zeylanicum,  Laurus  cinna- 
momiim. 

CINNAMON,  see  Laurus  cinnnmomum — c. 
Malabar,  Laurus  cassia — c.  Wild,  Laurus  cassia. 


CINONOSI 


208 


CIRCUMFLEX 


CTNON'OST,  frtim  Ktvtu),  'I  move,'  and  voaos, 
*  a  disease.'     Disent^es  of  motion.  .  | 

CINOPER,  IIy<ir.irgyri  sulphuretum  rubrum.    ] 
CINOPLANE'SIS,  from  Kivaa,  'I  move,'  and 
nXavr/ais,   'a   wandering  about.'     Irregularity  of 
motion. 

CINQUEFOTL,  Potentilla  reptans  — c.  Marsh, 
Comarum  palustre — c.  Norway,  Potentilla  Nor- 
vegien. 

CINZILLA,  Herpes  zoster. 

CION.  Uvula. 

CI'ONIS.  The  U'viila.  Also,  tumefaction,  or 
elongation  of  the  uvula;   Staphyludial'i/sis. 

CtOXI'TIS,  from  kiovh.  'the'  uvula,'  and  itis, 
'inflammation.'  luiianimation  of  the  uvula, 
Uviili'iis. 

CIONOERIIAPHIA,  Staphylornphy. 

CIOyOTOME,  from  /ctuv,  'the  uvula,'  and 
Tojui?,  'incision.'  Curved  scissors  for  cutting  off 
the  uvula. 

CIOXOT'OMT,  Cionntom'ia,  from  xtwv,  'the 
uvula,'  and  rufiri,  '  incision.'  Excision  of  the 
uvula  when  too  long. 

CIPIPA,  see  Jatropha  manihot. 

CIRC^EA,  Atropa  mandragora,  Circasa  Lute- 
tian a. 

Circ>«'a  Lutetia'na,  Circce'a,  Parin'ian  Cir- 
cm'a,  from  Circe,  the  Enchantress  ;  E»chnnt'ers' 
Nir/hfKhride,  (F.)  Herhe  de  Saint  Etienne  ou 
aux  Sorciers.  This  plant,  common  in  the  vicinity 
of  Paris,  was  formerly  considered  to  be  resolvent 
and  vulnerarj'.  It  was  also  supposed  to  possess 
wonderful  magical  and  enchanting  properties. 

CIRCIXUS,  Herpes  zoster. 

CIRCLE,  Circulus— c.  Ciliary,  Ciliary  liga- 
ment— c.  of  Willis,  see  Circulus. 

CIRCOCELE,  Circosele. 

CIRCOXVrsrOX,  Circumcision. 

CIRCOXFL KXE,  Circumfloxus. 

CIRCOXSVRIT,  Circumscribed. 

CIRCOX  VOL  UTIOX,  Convolution. 

CIRCUIT,  Circu'itus;  in  pathological  lan- 
guage, generally  means  'period,'  course.' 

CIRCUITUS,  Period,  Circuit. 

CIR'CULAR,  Circula'rin,  from  circnlus,  'a 
circle.'  (F.)  Cireidatre.  Having  the  form  of 
a  circular ;  as  Circular  Amputation,  &c. 

The  French  use  the  expression  "  U)ie  circu- 
laire,"  for  a  turn  of  a  bandage  around  any  part. 

CmcnLAit  Sinus  of  Ridley,  Sinus  coronarius. 

CIRCULA'TION,  Circuln'tio,  Cydophor'ia, 
Cyclo'sis,  Periodus  aan'ijuinis,  from  cireulns,  'a 
circle;'  or  rather,  from  circum.  ' around,' and/o-re, 
latum,  'to  carry.'  (F.)  Circulation.  Physiolo- 
gists give  this  name  to  the  motion  of  the  blood 
through  the  different  vessels  of  the  body-r-sft ».'/»(('- 
motion;  —  to  that  function,  by  which  the  blood, 
setting  out  from  the  left  ventricle  of  the  heart,  is 
distributed  to  every  part  of  the  body  by  the  ar- 
teries;—  proceeds  into  the  veins,  returns  to  the 
heart,  enters  the  right  auricle,  and  passes  into  the 
correspon<ling  ventricle,  which  sends  it  into  the 
pulmonary  artery  to  be  distributed  to  the  lungs, 
whence  it  is.'^ues  by  the  pulmonary  veins,  and 
passes  into  the  left  auricle.  From  this  it  is  sent 
into  the  left  ventricle,  and  is  again  distributed  by 
means  of  the  arteries. 

Circula'tion',  Cap'illary,  C.des  Parencliymen, 
is  that  which  takes  place  in  the  capillary  vessels; 
and  is.  in  some  measure,  independent  of  the  ac- 
tion of  the  heart.     See  Capillary  Vessels. 

Circulation.  Pulmox'ic  or  lesser,  is  the  cir- 
cle from  the  right  to  the  left  side  of  the  heart  by 
the  lungs.  —  The  greater  or  systemat'ic  or 
SYSTEv'ic.  is  tliat  through  the  rest  of  the  system. 

CIRCULA  rOfRE,  Circulatory. 

CIRCULATOR.  Charlatan. 

CIR'CULATORY,  Circulato'Hus,  (F.)  Circula- 


toirc;  same  etymon  as  circulation.     Relating  to 
the  circulation  of  thchU»<il;—noii</uimo'inri/. 

CIR'CULUS.  A  circle  or  ring;  Ci/</u»,  Ci'. 
villi,  (F.)  Ccrcle.  Any  part  of  the  body  which  is 
round  or  annular,  as  Cir'culun  Oc'tdi — the  globe, 
bulb,  or  orb  of  the  eye. — Ilippocr.,  Ualcn.  It  i(i, 
also,  applied  to  objects,  which  by  no  means  form 
a  circle,  —  as  to  the  Circle  of  Willis,  Cir'ciilus 
arterio'sus  Willis'ii,  ( F.)  Uexaijoue  artiriclle, 
which  is  an  anastomotic  circle  at  the  base  of  the 
brain,  formed  by  the  anterior  and  the  posterior 
cerebral  arteries  and  the  communicating  arteries 
of  Willis. 

Circulus  Arterio'sus  I'ripis.  The  artery 
which  runs  round  the  iris,  and  forms  a  circle. 

Circulus  Arteriosus  AVillisii,  Circle  of  Wil- 
lis,  sec  Circulus  —  o.  Ciliaris,  Ciliary  ligament  — 
c.  Membranous,  Hymen. 

Cir'culus  Callo'sus  IIalleri.  Teinio  cnriJiB 
veno'sus.  The  fibro-cartilaginous  rings,  around 
the  auriculo-ventricular  openings  of  the  heart, 
to  which  the  tricuspid  and  mitral  valves  are  at- 
tached. 

Circulus  Qiiad'ruplex  ;  a  kind  of  bandage 
used  by  the  ancients. 

Circulus  Tonsilla'pis.  A  plexus  forined  by 
the  tonsiliitic  l)ranches  of  the  glosso-pharyngeal 
nerve  around  the  base  of  the  tonsil. 

Circulus  Veno'sus,  Figu'rn  rcno'sn,  Venn  seu 
Sinus  termina'lii.  The  venous  circle  in  the  em- 
bryo, which  bounds  the  Area  Vasculosa  or  ]'««cw- 
lar  Area. 

Ciu'cuLus  Vexo'sus  Are'ol>13.  The  venous 
circle,  formed  by  the  union  of  the  veins  around 
the  nipple.  It  embraces,  however,  only  two-thirds 
of  the  circuit. 

CIRCUMAGENTES,  Oblique  muscles  of  the 
eye. 

CIRCUMCAULALIS  MEMBRANA,  Con- 
junctiva. 

CIRCUMCISIO,  Circumcision  —  c.  Foemina- 
rum,  see  Circumcision. 

CIRCUMCIS'ION,  Circvmcis'io,  Poxihct'omy, 
Prcecis'io  seu  Abscis'io  Prcr.pn'tii,  Circrmicisn'rn, 
Circunmec'tio,  Perit'oinc,  from  circum,  '  around,' 
and  ccrdere, '  to  c\it.'  (F.)  Circoncision.  An  an- 
cient operation,  performed  by  some  nations  as  a 
religious  ceremony.  It  consists  in  removing  cir- 
cularly a  portion  of  the  prepuce  of  infants; — a 
custom,  which  was  probably  suggested  with  a 
view  to  cleanliness.  In  cases  of  extraordinary 
length  of  prepuce,  or  when  affected  with  disease, 
the  operation  is  sometimes  undertaken  by  sur- 
geons. A  similar  operation  is  performed,  amongst 
the  vEgyptians,  Arabians,  and  Persians,  on  the 
female,  Circumci>i'io  fcrmina'rutn,  by  removing  a 
portion  of  the  nympha^  and  at  times  the  clitoris. 

CIRCUMCISURA,  Circumcision. 

CIRCUMDUCTIO,  Perisphalsis. 

CIRCUM  DUCTIONIS  OPIFEX,  Obliquus 
superior  oculi. 

CIRCUMFLEX,  Circumflex' us,  from  circum, 
'around,'  and  //tjws,  'bent.'  (F.)  Circonflejce. 
Curved  circularly.  A  name  given  to  several 
organs. 

Circumflex  or  Artic'ular  Ar'teries  of  the 
arm  are  distinguished  into  anterior  and  pnsle- 
nor.  They  arise  from  the  axillary,  and  are  dis- 
tributed around  the  shoulder. 

Circumflex  Arteries  of  the  Tiitgii  are  dis- 
tinguished into  external  and  intern<il. — A.  Soun- 
trochanteriennes — Ch.  They  are  given  otf  from 
the  Profunda,  and  surround  the  head  of  the  thigh 
bone. 

Circumflex  Muscle,  CircnmflcTus  Mus'culm, 
C.  Pala'ti  Mollis.  Tensor  Pala'ti,  Peristaphyli'ii»» 
exter'nus  seu  inferior,  Spheno-salpinr/o-stapliyli'- 
nus  seu  Staphyli'nus  exter'nus,  Mus'cuhis  tuhas 
vovcB,    Pala'to-saljjingcns,    Pter'yijo- stajjhyU'nui, 


CIRCUMFORANEOUS 


209 


CITREOLUS 


Petrn-salpin' (jn-gtnpliyli' mm,  Spheno-pter'ygo-pn- 
luti'iiKii,  Siilpitiijo-aloplii/li'mtH,  (F.)  Piikito-Hul- 
piiiyien.  A  muscle,  which  arises  I'rora  the  spi- 
nous process  of  the  sphenoid  bone,  and  is  in- 
ecrled  into  t)io  velum  2>e)tdulum  palati.  Its  use  is 
to  stretch  the  velum. 

Ciiu'tMFi.KX  Nkhve,  Axillary  Nerve. 
CiiKM'MKi.BX  Vkins  follow  the  arteries. 
CIUCUMFUUANEOUS,  Charlatan. 
CIHCUMFU'SA.     Halle  has  thus    designated 
the  first  class  of  subjects  that  belong  to  Hygiene 
—  as   utinosphere,    climate,    residence,    <fcc. ;    in 
short,  every  thing  which  acts  constantly  on  man 
externiilly  and  internally. 

CIUCLIMUYRATIO,  Vertigo. 
CIUCUMLKJATURA,  Paraphimosis. 
C1RCUMLIT"I0,  from  circumliiio,  '1  anoint 
nil    over.'     J'erich'risis,    Perichris'tnn.     A    term 
formerly  used    for  liniments,   but  especially  for 
those  apjilied  to  the  eyelids. 

CIKCUMOSSALE,  Periosteum. 
CIK'CUMSCRIBED,  Uircamscnp'tus,  (F.)  Cir- 
cotiHcrii.     A  term  ai)plied,  in    pathology,  to  tu- 
mours, which  are  distinct  at  their  base  from  the 
surrounding  parts. 

CIRCUMSKCTIO,  Circumcision. 
CIRCUMVALLATiE  PAPILLiE,  see  Papillae 
of  the  Tongue. 
Umi'J,  Cera. 

ClJiE  JAUNE  ET  BLANCHE,   Cera  flava 
et  alba — c.  dcH  Oreilles,  Cerumen. 
CIRIOS,  Circulus. 
CI  RUN,  Aearus,  Psora. 
CIRRHACRA,  Plica— c.  Polonorum,  Plica. 
CIRRllON'OSUS;  from  /c(,-pof,  'yellow,'    and 
i/otroj,  '  disease.'     A  disease  of  the  foetus,  in  which 
there  is  a  yellow  coloration  of  the  serous  mem- 
branes.— Siebonhaar. 

cm H HOSE,  Cirrhosis— c.  du  Foxe,  Cirrhosis. 
CIRIUIO'SIS,  Kirrho'sig,  Cirrhovo'sia,  Kir- 
rhnno'iiK,  (F.)  Cirrhuse,  from  xippoi,  'yellow.'  A 
yellow  colouring  matter,  sometimes  secreted  in 
the  tissues,  owing  to  a  morbid  process.  Also, 
called  (^irrhu'Hla  or  Kirrho'nis. 

Ciuitno'sis    Hep'atis,  see  Ilepatatrophia. 
Ornn' iddl-cd,    (jron'iddr,    vinm'mlUated,    tnher'cu- 
lated,  and  hob-nailed  liver,  (F.)  Cirrhose  du  Foie. 
It  appears  to  be  dependent  upon  repletion  of  the 
terminal    extremities    of  the   biliary   ducts   with 
bile,  along  with  atrophy  of  the  intervening  pa- 
renchyma.    Hence  the  liver  is  smaller  in  size,  or 
atrophied. 
Cirrhosis  IIepatis.  see  Cirrhosis. 
ClKltllosis  OF  THE  LuNG,  Ciirho'sis  pulmo'tuim. 
Dr.  Corrigan    has    described  a  condition  of  the 
lung  under  this  name,  the  general  character  of 
which  he  considers  to  be  a  tendency  to  consoli- 
dation or  contraction  of  the    pulmonary  tissue, 
with  dilatation  of  the  bronchial  tubes. 
Cirrhosis  Pulmonum,  C.  of  the  Lung. 
CIRRHOT'IC,  Cinhot' tcus.     Same  etymon  as 
cirrhosis.     Affected  with,  or  having  the  character 
of  cirrhosis. 

CIR'SIUM  ARVEN'SE,  Car'dmis  hemorrJio- 
'ida'tis,  C<:(ti)(j'llioR,  (F.)  Chardun  heiiiorrho'idoL 
A  common  jilantrused  in  France,  in  the  form  of 
cataplasm  in  hemorrhoids;  and  worn  as  an 
amulet. 
CiusiuM  Maoulatum,  Carduus  marianus. 
CIRSOCE'LE,  Circoce'le,  Cirsox'eheum,  from 
•tipo-oj,  '  vari.v,'  and  KriXrj,  '  hernia  ;'  Var'icose  Her'- 
nia.  The  greater  part  of  authors  have  employed 
the  term  synonymously  with  Varleocde.  Pott 
gives  it  a  ditt'erent  signification.  Varicocele,  he 
calls  the  tumour  formed  by  the  veins  of  the  scro- 
tum ;  Circocvlc,  Fiinic'idii8  vnrico'giia,  the  vari- 
cose dilatation  of  the  spermatic  veins.  The  scro- 
tum feels  as  if  it  contained  earthworms.  It  is 
U 


commonly  an  affection  of  no  consequence,  de- 
manding merely  the  use  of  a  suspensory  bandage. 
CIRSOI'DES,  Cirso'des,  from  Ktpaoi,  '  varljc,' 
and  uios,  '  resemblance.'  Varicose,  or  resembling 
a  varix.  Rufus  of  Ephesus,  according  to  James, 
apjilies  this  term  to  the  upper  part  of  the  brain, 
as  well  as  to  the  spermatic  vessels. 

CIRSOxM'PHALUS,  from  Kipaos,  'varix,'  and 
oii(j,a\og,  'navel.'     Varicose  dilatation  of  the  veins 
surrounding  the  navel.     The  term  has,  likewise, 
been  apyilied  to  the  aneurismal  dilatation  of  the 
arteries  of  that  region  ;  called  also,  Varicomph'- 
alu8,  (F.)  Hanjne  anerryHmale,  Aneurismal Heruiii. 
CIRSOPHTHAL'MIA,     Ciraophthal'mns,     Te- 
Innyiecta'sia  ocnli,  from   Kipao;,   'varix,'  and  o'/i- 
SaXfiOi,   'the   eye;'    Var'icose   ophtliiil'mia,    Op/i- 
thahnia   varico'sa,    Varicos' itas   conjiincti'voe.     A 
high  degree  of  ophthalmia,  in  which  the  vessels 
of  the  conjunctiva  are  considerably  injected. 
CIRSOSCHEUM,  Cirsoccle. 
CIRSOT'OMY,   Cirsotom'ia,  from  Kipaos,  'va- 
rix,' and  To^>7,  'an  incision.'     Any  operation  for 
the  removal  of  varices  by  incision. 
CIRSUS,  Varix. 

CIRSYDROSCHEOCE'LE,  from  Ktpaos,  'va- 
rix,' 'vSuip,  'water,'  oa^zov,  the  'scrotum.'  Vari- 
cocele with  water  in  the  scrotum. 

CISEAU  {¥.),  Forfex.  An  instrument,  com- 
posed of  a  flattened  rod  of  metal,  sharpened  at 
one  extremity,  and  used  in  anatomical  prepara- 
tions, and  in  certain  surgical  operations,  for  di- 
viding bones. 

CI  SEA  UX,  Scissors. 
CISSA,  Malacia. 

CISSAM'PELOS  CAPEN'SIS,  Nat.  Ord.  Me- 
nispermacea;,  grows  in  almost  every  mountainous 
part  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.  The  root  is  used 
as  an  emetic  and  cathartic  by  the  Boers. 

CissAJii'ELOs  Glaberrima,  see  Pareira  brara 
— c.  Pareira,  Pareira  brava. 
CISSARUS,  Cistus  Creticus. 
CISSI'NUM,  from  Ktaaos,    'ivy.'     Name  of  a 
plaster  of  ivy,  used  in  wounds  of  the  nerves  or 
tendons. — Pnulus  of  iEgina. 
CISSOIDES,  Caprcolaris. 
CISSOS,  Hedera  helix. 
CISTERN,  LUMBAR,  Receptaculum  chyli. 
CISTER'NA,  from  kictv,  (L.)  Cixt,,,  -a  chest.' 
(F.)  Citenie.     This  term  has  been  applied  to  va- 
rious parts  of  the  body,  which  serve  as  reservoirs 
for  different  fluids.     The  fourth  ventricle  of  the 
brain  has  been  so  called. — Arantius. 
CiSTERNA  Chyli,  Receptaculum  chyli. 
CISTHORUS,  Cistus  Creticus. 
CISTOCELE,  Cvstocele. 

CISTUS  CANADENSIS,  Ilelianthemum  Ca- 
nadensis. 

Cistus  Cre'ticus,  C.  salvifo'lius  sen  tan'n'cns, 
Cis'thonis,  Cis'sarns,  Dorycin'iiim,  Gum  Cistus, 
Ord.  Cystineas ;  &'cx.  iSyxt.  Polyandria  Mono- 
gynia.  The  systematic  name  of  the  plant  whence 
the  Lahda'num,  LaMn'nien  or  Lada'num,  Giirn'mi 
Lahdu'nnm,  is  obtained.  Lada'num  is  a  gum- 
resinous  substance,  of  a  very  agreeable  smell, 
found  in  the  shops  in  great  masses.  Its  colour  is 
blackish-green ;  taste,  warm  and  bitter.  It  is 
but  little  used  now.  Formerly,  it  was  a  compo- 
nent of  warm  plasters,  and  was  prescribed  inter- 
nally as  a  stomachic.  Ladanuni  is  also  obtained 
from  Cistus  ladauif'erus,  and  C.  lauri/o'lius. 

CiSTiis,  Gum,  Cistus  Creticus  —  c.  Salvifolius, 
C.  Creticus — c.  Tauricus,  C.  Creticus. 

CITERNE  LOMJSAIRE,  Receptaculum  chvli. 

CITHABUS,  Thorax. 

CITRAGO,  Melissa. 

CrrRARIA,  Melissa. 

CITRAS  CIIINICUS,  Quiniae  citr.as. 

CITREA  MALUS,  see  Citrus  medica. 

CITREOLUS,  Cucumis  sativus. 


CITRIC   ACID 


210 


CLAP 


CIT'RIC  ACID,  Ae"idum  cit'ric.um,  Ac'Hdum 
Li'mo'uis,  Acid  of  Lemons,  Ac"idum  Limo'ntim, 
(F.)  Acide  citri</iie.  This  acid  is  fouml  in  the 
lemon,  orange,  &c.  It,  is  in  rhotnboidal  prisms, 
which  slightly  eflBioresce  on  exposure  to  the  air. 
It  dissolves  in  a  twelfth  part  of  its  weight  in 
boiling  water,  and  has  an  extremely  acid  but 
agreeable  taste.  It  is  employed  in  medicine  as 
antiseptic,  refrigerant  and  diuretic.  Rubbed  up 
with  sugar  and  with  a  little  of  the  essence  of 
lemon,  it  forms  the  dry  Lemonade,  (F.)  Lhnonade 
seclie. 

CITRINE  OINTMENT,  Unguentum  bydrar- 
gyri  nitratis. 

CITRON,  see  Citrus  medica— c.  Tree,  see  Ci- 
trus raedica. 

CITRONELLE,  Artemisia  abrotanum,  Me- 
lissa. 

CITRONNABE,  Lemonade. 

GITROVILLE,  Cucurbita. 

CITRUL,  SICILIAN,  Cucurbita  citruUus. 

CITRULLUS,  Cucurbita  citrullus. 

CiTRULLUS  Ama'rus.  An  African  plant,  Ord. 
Cucurbitaceae,  called  by  the  Boers  Bitterappel  or 
Wild  Wntermelon,  the  pulp  of  which,  like  that 
of  colocynth,  is  a  drastic  cathartic. 

Citrullus  Colocynthis,  Cucumis  colocynthis. 

CITRUS,  see  Citrus  medica  —  c.  Acida,  see 
Lime. 

Citrus  Auran'tium.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  Oranye  Tree,  Auran'tium,  A.  Hispalen'iie, 
Mains  Auran'tia,  Mains  Auran'tia  major  seu  vnl- 
ija'ris,  Auran'tium  vnUjn're,  Ci'trxis  vidga'ris. 
Ord.  Aurantiaceae.  Sex.  Si/st.  Polyadelphia  Ico- 
sandria.  The  fruit  are  called  3Iala  Au'rea,  Cliry- 
some'lia,  Ncran'tia,  J/artia'na  Pomit,  Poma  Au- 
ran'tia seu  Chinen'sia,  Auran'tia  Curassav'ica, 
Oranges.  The  Flowers  of  the  Orange,  Flores 
NaphcB,  are  highly  odoriferous,  and  used  as  a 
perfume.  On  distillation,  thej'  yield  a  small 
quantity  of  essential  oil — O'leum  Auran'tii,  Oleum 
seu  Essen'tia  Nero'li, — with  spirit  and  water,  the 
Aqua  Florum  Auran'tii,  Auran'tii  floris  aqua, 
Aqua  anrantii,  Orange-flower  water.  They  were 
once  used  in  convulsive  and  epileptic  cases.  The 
leaves,  Fo'lia  Auran'tii,  have  a  bitterish  taste, 
and  furnish  an  essential  oil.  They  have  been 
used  for  the  same  purposes  as  the  flowers.  The 
yellow  rind  of  the  fruit,  Auran'tii  Cortex  (Ph. 
U.  S.),  Citrus  Bigara'dia  (Ph.  L.),  Bigarade'  or 
Bitter  Orange,  Orange  Peel,  is  an  aromatic  bitter, 
and  is  used  in  dyspepsia,  and  where  that  class  of 
remedies  is  required.  The  Juice,  Suecns  Auran'- 
tii, Orange  juice,  is  a  grateful  acid,  and  used  as 
a  beverage  in  febrile  and  scorbutic  affections. 

Citrus  Bergamia,  Citrus  niella  rosa  —  c.  Bi- 
garadia,  see  Citrus  aurantium  —  c.  Decumana, 
Shaddock — c.  Limetta,  see  Citrus  mella  rosa — c. 
Limonum,  C.  mediea. 

Citrus  Med'ica,  C.  Limo'num.  The  systematic 
name  of  the  Lemon  Tree.  The  Lemon,  Limon 
(Ph.  U.  S.),  Limo'num  Malum  seu  Bacca,  Mains 
Med'ica,  M.  Limo'nia  Ac"ida,  Limon,  Cit'rea, 
Mains,  Citrus,  (F.)  Citron,  Cedraf,  has  a  fragrant 
odour,  depending  upon  the  essential  oil,  O'leum 
Limo'nis,  of  the  rind.  The  outer  rind.  Cortex 
Limo'num,  Limo'nis  Cortex  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Lemon 
Peel,  Zest,  Flare' do  Corlicum  (Jitri,  is  used  in  the 
same  eases  as  the  Cortex  Auran'tii. 

The  juice,  Succus  Limo'nis,  Limo'num  Suecns 
(Ph.  L. ),  (F.)  Sue  du  Limon,  Sue  de  Citron,  is 
sharp,  but  gratefully  acid,  the  acidity  depending 
upon  the  citric  acid  it  contains,  and  is  given  as  a 
refrigerant  beverage  in  febrile  affections.  In 
doses  of  half  an  ounce  to  an  ounce,  three  times  a 
day,  it  has  appeared  to  exert  a  markedly  sedative 


influence  on  the  circulation,  and  has  been  given, 
apparently  with  benefit,  in  acute  rheumatism  and 
rheumatic  gout.  Alone,  or  combined  with  wine, 
it  is  prescribed  in  scurvy,  putrid  sore  throat,  Af, 
Its  general  properties  are  refrigerant  and  anti- 
septic. Sweetened  and  diluted,  it  forms  Lemon- 
ade. Artificial  lemon-juice  is  made  by  dissolvinf; 
an  ounce  of  citric  acid  in  fourteen  fluidounces  of 
water  ;  adding  a  few  drops  of  essence  of  lemon. 

Lemonpeel  tea,  or  water,  is  maile  by  paring  tlio 
rind  of  one  lemon,  previously  rubbed  with  half  an 
ounce  of  sugar:  the  peelings  and  sugar  are  tlu'ii 
put  into  a  jar,  and  a  quart  of  boiling  water  is 
poured  over  them.  When  cohl,  the  fluid  must  bo 
poured  off,  and  a  tablespoonful  of  lemon  juice  ba 
added. 

It  is  an  agreeable  drink  in  fevers. 
Cit'ron  Tree  is  likewise  considered  to  belong 
to  the  same  species — Cit'rus  Med'ica.  Its  fruit 
is  called  oedrome'la.  It  is  larger  and  less  succu- 
lent  than  the  lemon.  Citron  juice,  when  sweet- 
ened with  sugar,  is  called  by  the  Italians  A(jro 
di  Cedro. 

Citrus  Mella  Rosa  of  De  Lamarck,  another 
variety  of  Citrus  Jledica,  afi'ords  the  Bergamotc, 
as  also  do  Citrus  Limet'ta  and  C.  Berga' inia. 
Citrus  Vulgaris,  Citrus  aurantium. 
CITTA,  Malacia. 

CITTARA,  MINERAL  AVATERS  OP.  Thesa 
springs  are  in  the  Isle  of  Ischia,  near  the  sea. 
They  contain  carbonate  and  sulphate  of  lime,  and 
chloride  of  sodium.  Their  temperature  is  100" 
Fahrenheit. 

CITTOS,  Iledera  helix. 
CITTOSIS,  Chlorosis,  Malacia. 
CIVETTA,  Zib'ethum,  Civ'et,  (F.)  Civftte.  An 
unctuous  perfume,  of  a  very  penetrating  odour, 
obtained  from  different  mammalia  of  the  Vivar'ni 
kind,  particularly  from    Viver'ra  civet'ta.     It  is 
contained  in  a  fold  of  the  skin,  situate  bclweeu 
the  anus  and  the  organs  of  generation. 
CLABBER,  Bonnyelabber. 
CLABBERGRASS,  Galium  verum. 
CLADES  GLANDULARIA,  Plague. 
CLADISCOS,  llamusculus. 
CLADONIA  ISLANDICA,  Lichen  islandicus. 
Clado'nia  Rangifer'rina.     The  ancients  re- 
garded this  European  plant  as  pectoral  and  sto- 
machic.    It  enters  into  the  composition  of  tlie 
Poudre  de  Cliypre, 
CLADOS,  Ramus. 

CLADRAS'TIS  TINCTO'RIA,  Virgil'ia  Yd- 
low  Ash,  Fustic  Tree,  Yellow  Locust.  An  indi- 
genous tree,  which  flourishes  from  Kentucky  to 
Alabama.  The  bark  of  the  tree  and  the  rooti 
are  cathartic. 

CLAIRET,  Claret. 

CLAIRVOYANCE  (F.),  'Clear-seeing.'  A 
clearness  of  sight,  said  to  be  communicated  liy 
animal  magnetism,  which  not  only  cnableis  tbo 
magnetised  person  to  see  in  the  dark,  througli 
stone  walls,  &c.,  but  even  to  observe  prospects, 
which  he  has  never  seen  previously,  whilst  he 
may  fancy  he  is  flying  in  the  air.  It  need  hardly 
be  said,  that  the  possession  of  such  powers  ii 
fabulous. 

CLAMMY,  Vis'cidus,  Glutino'sus,  (F.)  Mtew, 
(D.)A7((//(, 'moist.'  Viscous;  glutinous.  Aclnmniij 
mouth,  (F.)  Bouche  puteuse,  is  one  that  is  covered 
with  a  mucous  coat. 

Clamjiy  Weed,  Polanisea  graveolens. 
CLAMOR,  Cry. 
CLANGOR,  Oxyphopia. 
CLAP,  Gonorrhoea  impura. 


CLAriER 


211 


CLEF 


CLAPIER  (F.).  A  clapper,  Latlh'nlum,  from 
kXchtuv,  'to  conceal.'  A  purulent  foyer  of  dis- 
ease ;  concealed  in  the  flesh  or  under  the  skin. 
See  Sinus. 

CLAPWORT,  Orobanche  Americana. 
C'LA  Q  (JEM i: NT,  Odontosynerismus. 
CLARENDON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Mild  acidulous  springs  in  Vermont;  temperature 
from  48°  to  54°  Fahr.  The  gas,  given  off  from 
tiie  water,  consists  of  carbonic  acid,  oxygen,  and 
nitrogen.  The  springs  have  a  reputation  in  cu- 
taneous diseases,  chronic  bronchitis,  <fec. 

CLAR'ET,  (  Vin  clair  [?] ),  Clare'tiim,  Vin  de 
Bordeaux,  (F.)  Cfairet.  A  pleasant  French  wine, 
which  may  be  used  whenever  wine  is  required. 
Also,  a  wine  impregnated  with  spice  and  sugar, 
culled  lil<cwise  Viitnm  Hippocrnt'icum  seu  Medi- 
cii'tnm,  Potits  HIppocrut'icHD,  Hip'jxtcras,  Hyp'- 
jKicraa.  Schroder  speaks  of  a  Clare' turn  al'terans, 
and  a  C.  punjans. 
CLARETA,  Albumen  ovi. 
CLAKETUM,  Claret. 

CLARIFICA'TION,  Clarifica'tio,  Depura'tion, 
from  alantu,  'clear,'  and /«cio,  'I  make.'  A  phar- 
maceutical operation,  which  consists  in  separating 
fiom  a  liquid  every  insoluble  substance,  held  in 
suspension  by  it,   that  affects   its   transparency. 
Decaiiiiti'j  and  fdteriujj  are  the  operations  neces- 
sary for  this  purpose. 
CLARY,  COMMON,  Salvia  sclarea, 
CLASLS,  Fracture. 
CLASMA,  Fracture. 

CLASS,  Chts'sis,  (F.)  Clause,  An  assemblage 
pf  a  certain  number  of  objects.  In  Natural  Ilis- 
tori/  and  in  Medicine,  a  group  of  objects  or  infli- 
viduals  having  one  or  more  common  characters. 
The  classes  are  divided  into  orders,  the  orders 
xnio  genera,  the  genera  into  species,  and  these  last 
into  varieties. 

CLASSIFICA'TION,C/«s8(;/iert'^,-o,from  c/a8«!», 
'a  class, 'and  facio,  'I  make.'  The  formation  of 
classes.  A  methodical  distribution  of  any  objects 
whatever  into  classes,  orders,  genera,  species,  and 
varieties.     See  Nosography,  and  Nosology. 

CLASSY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Classy 
is  near  Laon  in  Picardy,.  France.  The  waters 
are  chalybeate. 

CLAUDICATIO,  Claudication  —  c.  Anatica, 
Vacillatio. 

CLAUDICA'TION,  Claudicn'tio,  from  clnudi- 
cnre,  'to  be  lame.'  The  act  of  halting  or  limp- 
in!».  Lameness,  (Prov.)  Hirpling,  Clau'ditas, 
Clwlo'sis,  Cholei'a,  Chn/o'ma,  (F.)  Claudication, 
lioitement,  lioiterie.  This  condition  does  not 
constitute  any  special  disease,  but  is  produced  by 
different  causes  oi'  affections.  It  may  be  the 
result  of  the  shortening  or  elongation  of  one  of 
tiie  lower  limbs,  of  ankylosis  of  the  joints,  palsy 
of  the  muscles,  pain,  <fec. 
CLAUDITAS,  Claudication. 
CLAUSTRUM  GUTTURIS,  Isthmus  of  the 
fauces  —  c.  Palati,  Velum  pendulum  palati  —  c. 
A'irginitatis,  Hymen. 

CLAUSU'RA,  from  claudere,  'to  shut.'  An 
imperforation  of  any  canal  or  cavity. 

CLvrsr'iiA   Uteui.     Preternatural  imperfora- 
tion of  the  uterus. 
CLAVA  RUGOSA,  Acorus  calamus. 
CLAVALIER  A  FEUILLES  BE  FR&NE, 
Xaiiihoxylura  clava  Ilerculis. 

CLAVA'RIA  CORALLOI'DES,  Coralloides 
l-'uni/ns,  Condicort.  Ord.  Fungi,  {c/ara,  'a 
Icnotty  branch,  a  club.')  Said  to  be  corroborant 
and  astringent.     A  kind  of  clavaria,  called  (F.) 


Digital  blanc,  Digital  humain,  CJiampignon  dc 
I'uppureil  des  fractures,  formed  of  digitations, 
grouped  together,  and  two  or  three  inches  ia 
length,  is  said  to  have  been  often  found,  formerly 
at  the  Hotel  Dieu  of  Paris,  on  the  splints  of  white 
wood  used  in  the  treatment  of  fractures,  in  au- 
tumn.— H.  Cloquet. 

CLAVATIO,  Gomphosis. 

CLAVE  All,  Murr. 

CLA  VELEE,  Murr. 

CLAVES  CALVARIiE,  Wormiatia  Ossa. 

CLAVICLE,  Claris,  Clavic'ula,  Clainc'ulus, 
Lig'nla,  Fur'cula,  Os  Jug'uli,  Jug'uhim,  Cleis, 
Clci'dion,  from  clavis,  'a  key,'  (F.)  Clavicule. 
The  collar-bone,  (Old  Eng.)  Cannelbone,  Channel- 
hone,  (Sc.)  Cannclhai/ne,  Cragbane,  Halsbane. 
The  clavicls  is  shaped  like  the  letter  S,  and  is 
placed  transversely  at  the  upper  part  of  the  tho- 
rax. It  is  articulated,  at  one  extremity,  with  the 
sternum ;  at  the  other  with  the  acromion  process 
of  the  scapula.  It  gives  attachment,  above,  to 
the  Sterno-cleido  mastoidens ;  below,  to  the  Sub- 
clavius  ;  before,  to  the  Pevtoralis  major  and  Del- 
toides  ;  and  behind,  to  the  Trapezius.  It  serves 
as  a  point  of  support  for  the  muscles  of  the  arm, 
and  protects  the  vessels  and  nerves  passing  to 
that  extremity. 

The  fibres,  connecting  the  lamellae  or  plates  of 
bones,  have  also  been  called  Clavic'uli  or  Nails. 

CLAVICULAR,  Clavicula'ris,  (F.)  Clavicu- 
laire  ;  same  etymon.  Relating  to  the  clavicle  or 
collar-bone. 

Clavicular  Nerves,  Nervi  clavtcula'res. 
Branches  of  the  fourth  cervical  nerve,  which  are 
distributed  to  the  clavicular  region. 

CLAVICULE,  Clavicle. 

CLAVICULI,  see  Clavicle. 

CLAVIS,  Clavicle,  Key— c.  Anglica,  Key. 

CLAVUS.  A  nail.  Helos,  Gomphos,  (F.) 
Clou.  This  word  is  employed  in  medicine  in 
various  senses.  It  means,  1.  A  Corn,  from  its 
resemblance  to  the  head  of  a  nail.  2.  Certain 
condylomatous  excrescences  of  the  uterus.  .3.  A 
callous  tumour,  which  forms  on  the  white  of  the 
eye,  and  resembles  a  nail,  the  C/avus  Oc'uli,  (F.) 
Clou  de  I'opil.  This  last,  by  some,  is  considered 
to  be  S3non}'mous  with  staphyloma;  by  others, 
with  staphj'loma  of  the  cornea.    Also,  the  penis. 

ClAVCS  Hyster'icuS,  3fonopa'gia,  3Tonope'- 
gia,  (F.)  Cfou  Hyst^rique.  An  acute  pain,  con- 
fined to  a  small  point  of  the  head,  described  by 
the  sick  as  resembling  that  which  would  be  pro- 
duced by  a  nail  driven  into  the  head.  It  has 
been  particularly  noticed  in  hysterical  females  ; — 
hence  its  name.  It  is  called  Drum  hi/ster'icum, 
when  the  pain  occupies  a  greater  extent. 

Clavus  Srcalinus,  Ergot — c.  Secalis,  Ergot — 
c.  Siliginis,  Ergot. 

CLEANSINGS,  Lochia. 

CLEAR-SEEING,  Clairvoyance. 

CLEARWEED,  Pilea  pumila. 

CLEAVAGE,  from  Anglo-Saxon  eleoPan,  'to 
split.'  The  natural  line  of  separation  exhibited 
by  certain  substances,  as  minerals,  when  sub- 
jected to  mechanical  force.  The  term  has  boen 
applied  to  the  separation  of  muscles  into  longitu- 
dinal and  circular  striae,  when  mechanical  vio- 
lence is  used. 

CLEAVERS,  Galium  aparine. 

Cleavers'  Bees,  Galium  aparine. 

CLEAVEWORT,  Galium  verum. 

CLEF,  Key  —  c.  du  Crane,  Wormiana  ossa  — 
c.  de  Garengcot,  Key  —  c.  a  Noix,  see  Key  —  c.  d 
Pivot,  see  Key — c.  a  Pompe,  see  Key. 


CLEFT 


212 


CLIMATE 


CLEFT,  Rima,  see  Monster  —  c.  Palate,  see 
Harelip. 

CLEIDAGRA,  Cleisagra. 

CLEIDION,  Clavicle. 

CLEIDO-COSTAL,  Costo-clavioular. 

CLEI'DO-MASTOi'DEUS.  Albinus  thus  de- 
signates the  posterior  portion  of  the  sterno-cleido- 
mastoideus,  which  he  considers  a  separate  muscle. 
It  has  been  corrupted  into  clino-maatu'ideua. 

CLBLS,  Clavicle,  Key. 

CLEIS'AGRA,  Cleid'ngra,  from  kAei?,  'the 
clavick','  and  aypa,  'a  seizure.'  Gout  in  the 
clavicle. — A.  Pare. 

CLEITIIORION,  Clitoris. 

CLEITHORIS,  Clitoris. 

CLEITORION,  Clitoris. 

CLEITORIS,  Clitoris. 

CLE'MATIS,  from  KXri^ia,  K^npinToi,  'a  branch 
of  a  vine,  a  tendril.'  A  genus  of  plants  in  the 
Linntiean  system. 

Clematis  Daphnoides  Major,  Vinca  minor — 
c.  Coryinbosa,  C.  erecta. 

Clematis  Erect'a,  C.  recta  seu  corymho'sa, 
Clemati'tis  erec'ta,  Flam' inida  Jovis,  Upright 
Virgin's  Dower,  (F.)  Cliinatite  droits.  Order, 
RanunculacetB.  Sex.  Si/nt.  Polyandria  Polygynia. 
The  leaves  contain  an  acrid  principle.  Thoy  have 
been  esteemed  anti-venereal;  and,  in  the  form 
of  powder,  have  been  used  as  an  escharotic. 

Clematis  Flammula,  see  C.  vitalba — c.  Recta, 
C.  erecta — c.  Sepiuui,  C.  Vitalba — c.  Viorna,  see 
C.  Vitalba — c.  Virginica,  see  C.  Vitalba. 

Clematis  Vital'ba,  C.  se'pium  seu  syloes'tris, 
Yitnl'hn,  Vinr'na,  Atra'gene,  Tran'eller'a  Joy, 
Common  Virgin's  Bower,  (F.)  Clematite,  Ilerbe 
aiix  gneiiJ^,  Aubevigne.  It  has  been  used  in  the 
.«ame  eases  as  the  former.  In  infusion  it  has 
heen  applied  in  cases  of  itch. 

The  leaves  of  Clematis  CnisPA — c.  Flam'mula, 
aicect-sccnted  Virgin's  bower — c.  VmGlN'iCA,  com- 
mon Virgin's  lower — and  C.  Vjor'nA,  Leather- 
flower,  have  similar  properties. 

CLEMATITE,  Clematis  vitalba— c.  Droite, 
Clematis  re-cta. 

Clematitis  Erecta,  Clematis  erecta. 

CLEOME  PENTAPHYLLA,  Gynandropsis 
pentaphylla. 

CLEO'NIS  COLLYR'IUM.  A  collyrium  de- 
scribed by  Celsus,  composed  of  equal  parts  of 
Samian  earth,  myrrh,  and  thus  mixed  vpith  white 
of  egg :  called  doubtless  after  its  inventor. 

Cleon'is  Gluten.  An  astringent  formula  of 
myrrh,  frankincense,  and  white  of  egg. 

CLEP'SYDRA.  from  k^cttto),  '1  conceal,' and 
'v6u)p,  'water.'  An  instrument  contrived  by  Pa- 
racelsus to  convey  fumigation  to  the  uterus. 

CLEPTOMANIA,  Kleptomania. 

CLETIIRA  ALNIFO'LIA,  Sweet  pepper-huah, 
Wliite  alder;  indigenous.  Order,  Ericaceas. 
The  leaves  and  flowers  are  diaphoretic  and  ex- 
citant. 

CLETORIS,  Clitoris. 

CLEVES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  This 
spring  is  a  quarter  of  a  league  from  Cleves,  in 
AVestphalia.  It  contains  carbonate  and  sulphate 
of  iron. 

CLICKING,  see  Rale  sibilant. 

GLIDER,  Galium  aparine. 

CLIFFORT'IA   ILICIFO'LIA.     Ord.    Rosa- 

ceae.     A  common  South  African  plant,  used  by 

the  Boers  as  an  emollient  expectorant  in  catarrh. 

CLIFTON,  CLIMATE  OF.     The  vicinity  of 

Clifton  and  of  Bristol,  England,  appears  to  be 


the  mildest  and  driest  climate  in  the  west  of 
England;  and,  consequently,  the  best  winter  re- 
sidence, in  that  part  of  the  country,  for  invalids, 
It  is,  also,  a  favorable  summer  climate,  and  it 
surrounded  by  numerous  places  of  agreeable  re- 
sort, suited  for  those  who  may  pass  the  season 
there. 

For  the  mineral  waters  of  Clifton,  see  Bristul 
Hot  Well. 

GLIGNEMENT,  Scardamygmus. 

CLIGNOTEMENT,  Nictation. 

CLIMA,  Climate. 

CLIMACTERIC,  Climacter'icua,  Climater'i. 
CHS,  from  KKifxaKTrip,  'a  step.'  (F.)  Climaclerir/ue 
ou  Climateri(/ne.  A  word,  which  properly  signi- 
fies 'by  degrees.'  It  has  been  applied  to  certain 
times  of  life,  regarded  to  be  critical. 

At  present,  the  word  Climacteric  is  chiefly  ap- 
plied to  certain  periods  of  life,  at  which  great 
changes  occur,  independently  of  any  numerical 
estimate  of  years.  Such  are  the  period  of  pn- 
berty  in  both  sexes  ;  that  of  the  cessation  of  the 
menses  in  women,  &c. 

Climacteric  Years,  Anni  Climacicr'ici,  are, 
according  to  some,  all  those  in  the  life  of  man, 
which  are  multiples  of  the  number  7,  Scpten'ni- 
ads.  Others  have  applied  the  term  to  years,  re- 
sulting from  the  multiplication  of  7  by  an  odl 
number.  Some  have  admitted  only  three  cli. 
nuicterics  ;  others,  again,  have  extended  them  to 
multiples  of  9.  Most,  however,  have  considercl 
the  G3d  year  as  the  Grand  Climacteric ;  —  63 
being  the  product  of  the  multiplication  of  7  by 
9,  and  all  have  thought  that  the  period  of  threo, 
seven,  or  nine,  which  they  respectively  adopted, 
was  necessary  to  the  entire  renewal  of  the  body; 
so  that  there  wa-^i,  at  these  times,  in  the  economy, 
none  of  the  parts  of  which  it  had  previously 
consisted.  The  climacteric  years  have  also  been 
called,  (Anni)  hcbdomad'ici,  scala'res,  gradn'rii, 
scan'silen,  genethJirici,  natalit"ii,  fata'les,  crit'ici, 
decreto'rii,  hero'ici,  <fec.  All  the  notions  on  the 
subject  are  essentially  allied  to  the  doctrine  of 
numbers  of  Pythagoras. 

CLIMATAL,  Climatic. 

CLIMATE,  Climn,  Inclina'tio  cwli,  (F.)  Cli- 
mat,  Gr.  kA(/<o,  'a  region.'  In  geography,  the 
word  climate  is  applied  to  a  space  on  the  terres- 
trial globe,  comprised  between  two  circles  paral- 
lel to  the  equator,  and  arbitrarily  measured  ac- 
cording to  the  length  of  the  days.  In  a  hygienic 
point  of  view,  we  understand  by  climate,  since 
Hippocrates,  a  country  or  region,  which  may 
differ  from  another  in  respeet  to  season,  qualities 
of  the  soil,  heat  of  atmosphere,  &c.  Climate,  in- 
deed, embraces,  in  a  general  manner,  all  the 
physical  circumstances  belonging  to  each  region, 
— circumstances  which  exert  considerable  influ- 
ence on  living  beings.  The  dark  complexion 
of  the  inhabitants  of  the  torrid  zone  is  easily 
distinguishable  from  the  paleness  of  those  of 
the  frigid,  —  so  are  the  diseases.  They  are  all 
modified,  more  or  less,  by  climate  or  locality. 
Hot  climates  pre<Hspose  to  abdominal  complica- 
tions in  febrile  aflFe<;tions;  cold  climates  to  tho- 
racic, &c. 

One  of  the  most  important  considerations  with 
regard  to  climates  is  their  comparative  fitness  for 
the  residence  of  invalids,  and  especially  of  those 
who  are  liable  to,  or  suffering  under,  catarrhal  or 
consumptive  affections.  The  great  object,  in 
such  cases,  is  to  select  a  climate  which  will  ad- 
mit of  regular  and  daily  exercise  in  the  open  air, 
so  that  the  invalid  may  derive  every  artvanta(;e 
which  this  form  of  revulsion  is  cajjable  of  effect- 
ing. To  an  inhabitant  of  the  northern  and  mid- 
dle portions  of  the  United  States— and  the  same 


CLIMATE 


21  3 


CLIMATE 


npplies  to  Great  Britain,  France,  and  the  north- 
ern parts  of  the  old  world — a  more  southern  cli- 
mate alone  affords  tliese  advantages  in  an  emi- 
nent degree.  During  the  summer  months  there 
are  few,  if  any,  diseases,  which  require  a  milder 
climate  than  that  of  the  United  States,  or  of  the 
milder  districts  of  Europe.  The  temperature  of 
the  winter  months  is,  consequently,  the  most  im- 
portant object  of  attention.  Equability  of  tem- 
perature is  essential,  inasmuch  as  all  sudden 
changes  interfere  with  the  great  desideratum — 
exercise  in  the  open  air.  In  the  whole  continent 
of  North  America  the  changes  are  very  sudden 
and  extensive.  It  is  not  uncommon  for  the  range 
to  be  40°,  between  two  successive  days.  So  far, 
therefore,  as  this  applies,  the  American  climate 
is  not  well  adapted  to  the  invalid.  In  the 
southern  portions,  however,  of  the  Union,  this 
objection  is  counterbalanced  by  many  advan- 
tages. 

The  following  tables  exhibit  the  mean  tempe- 
rtiture  of  the  year,  and  of  the  different  seasons — 
with  the  mean  temperature  of  the  warmest  and 


coldest  months  at  different  places  in  America, 
Europe,  Africa,  &c.,  as  deduced  from  the  excel- 
lent paper  of  Von  Humboldt  on  Isothermal  Lines, 
the  Meteorological  Registers  kept  by  the  surgeons 
of  the  United  States  arm^',  under  the  direction 
of  Surgeon-generals  Lovell  and  Lawson,  1822  to 
1854,  inclusive,  the  work  of  Sir  James  Clark  on 
Climate,  <fec. 

Certain  of  the  tables  show  the  mean  monthly 
temperature,  maximum,  minimum  and  range,  as 
well  as  the  greatest  daily,  and  mean  daily  range 
during  the  corresponding  months  —  but  of  diffe- 
rent years — at  some  of  the  prominent  retreats  for 
the  valetudinarian  in  Great  Britain,  on  the  con- 
tinent of  Europe,  and  in  the  African  islands.  It 
is  proper,  however,  to  remark,  that  in  no  situa- 
tions, except  in  those  to  which  an  asterisk  is 
affixed,  was  the  register  thermometer  used.  In 
the  others,  the  observations  were  made  during 
the  day  only,  and  consequently  the  numbers 
given  are  far  below  the  real  range  throughout 
the  twenty-four  hours.  The  places  are  ranged  in 
the  order  of  their  mean  temperature. 


Table  op  Maximum,  Minimum,  and  Range  of  Temperatuue. 


Tlaces. 

December. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

Max. 

Mill. 

Range 

Max. 

Min. 

Range 

Max. 

Min. 

Range 

Max. 

Min.  1  Range 

Max. 

Min. 

Ran^je 

54 
56 
56 
57 
59 
60 
61 
68 

25 
34 
25 
32 
40 
31 
34 
62 

29 
22 
31 

25 
19 
29 
27 
16 

47 
54 
56 
53 
58 
58 
58 
69 

21 
28 

21 

27 
27 
29 
29 
60 

26 
26 
35 

26 
31 
29 
29 
19 

52 
65 
60 
55 

58 
60 
60 
68 

27 
33 
35 
30 
37 
33 
31 
51 

25 
22 
25 

25 
21 

27 
29 
17 

56 
59 
65 
58 
65 
65 
69 
69 

26 
34 
35 

35 
41 

37 
38 
51 

30 
25 
30 
23 
24 
28 
31 
18 

60 
62 
71 
64 
69 
74 
78 
72 

31 
36 
43 
41 
46 
44 
43 
55 

29 
26 

28 
23 
23 
30 
35 
17 

Pau 

Table  of  Mean  Temperature. 


Places. 

December. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

43  .00 
46.50 
41  .53 
46  .00 

48  .60 

49  .  62 
50.50 
60    50 

36.30 
43.00 
38  .89 
42  .00 

45  .85 
47  .65 

46  .50 
59  .  50 

42  .00 
44.50 
44.96 
45  .00 
49  .00 
49  .45 
48  .  50 
58  .  50 

45  .00 
46.50 

46  .80 

47  .00 

51  .45 
62.05 

52  .00 
61  .  06 

61  .  00 
48  .  50 
65.  79 
63  .  00 
67.  00 
56.40 
67.00 
62.50 

Pau 

Table  op  Daily  Range  op  Temperature. 


December. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

>^ 

>^ 

;^ 

>. 

Placks. 

•o  hjj 

t:    ■ 

•^  bo 

13    J 

•o  he 

■^   aj 

■^     i 

•ss, 

?4 

S 

U 

S 

a 

S 

a 

S 

o 

A 

6 

3 

7 
9 

13 
13 

4 

7 
8 

13 
16 

6 
9 
9 

12 
16 

8 

9 

14 

12 
17 

9 

8 
14 

13 
18 

Pau 

Nice 

6 
9 

14 
15 
13 
14 

8 

11 

9 

11 

16 
16 
14 

17 

9 
10 
11 

9 

18 
18 
19 
13 

9 
12 
11 

10 

17 

19 
18 
14 

11 

13 

14 

9 

18 
20 
20 
13 

Madeira   

CLIMATE 


21  4 


CLIMATE 


1.  AMERICA,  *c. 


Nain 

Fort  Brady,  Mich... 

Quebec,  L.  C 

Eastport,  Me 

Fort  Howard,  Mich. 
Fort  Crawford,  Miss. 
Cambridji'e,  Mass.. .  . 
Council  Bluffs,  Miss. 

Newport,  II.  I 

Philadelphia 

New  York 

Cincinnati 

Monticello,  Va 

Washington,  D.  C... 
Smithville,  N.  C.  . . . 

Charleston,  S.  C 

Natchez,  Miss 

Pensacola,  Flor 

St.  Augustine,  do. . . 
Tampa  Bay,      do... 


Vera  Cruz. 
Havana  . . 


Bahamas 


Barbadoes 
Cumana  . . 


Latitude. 


57°.08' 
46  .39 
46.  47 
44  .54 
44  .40 
43  .03 
42  .21 
41  .25 
41  .30 

39  .56 

40  .40 
39  ,06 

37  .58 

38  .53 
34  .00 
32  .47 
31  .34 
30  .28 
29  .48 
27  .57 

19  .11 

23  .10 

26  .40 
to 

27  .5 
13  .10 
10  .27 


year: 


26°.42' 
41  .37 

41  .74 

42  .44 

44  .50 

45  .52 
50  .36 

50  .82 

51  .02 
53  .42 
53  .78 
53  .78 
55  .40 
55  .56* 
58  .88 
60  .18 
64  .76 
68  .77t 
72  .23 
72  .37 

77  .72 

78  .08 

78  .3* 

79  .3 

81  .86 


re  ofdilierelit  : 


PTirtU) 


0°.60 

14  .09 
14  .18 
23  .44 
20  .82 
23  .76 
33  .98 
27  .38 
33  .82 
32  .18 
29  .84 
32  .90 
37  .67 
36  .80 
53  .44 
51  .09 
48  .56 
55  .13 
59  .29 
61  .24 

71  .96 
71  .24 

7L 

76  .7 
80  .24 


Spring,        Suninttr . 


23°.60 

37  .89 

38  .01 
38  .58 
41  .40 
43  .09 
47  .66 
46  .38 
46  .87 
51  .44 
61  .26 
54  .14 
54  .67 
53  .83 

64  .76 
66  .73 

65  .48 
69  .67 

71  .47 

72  .93 

77  .90 

78  .98 

77. 

19. 
83  .66 


48°.38 
61  .83 
68  .00 
60  .54 

68  .70 

69  .78 

70  .70 

72  .84 
68  .70 

73  .94 

79  .16 

72  .86 

73  .33 
75  .90 

80  .46 
80  .89 

79  .16 
82  .57 

82  .73 

80  .14 

81  .50 

83  .30 

83. 

81. 

82  .04 


^iutumn. 


W.\ 


.33°.44 
43  .94 
46  .04 
45  .43 

45  .18 

46  .74 
49  .82 
48  .60 

53  .83 
56  .48 

54  .50 
54  .86 
56  .50 
56  .59 

68  .15 
07  .55 
66  .02 

69  .05 
75  .15 
75  .26 

78  .62 
78  .98 

80. 

80. 

80  .24 


51°.80 

62  .87 
73  .40 

63  .52 

73  .67 

71  ..34 

72  .86 
75  .92 
71  .46 
77  .00 
80  .78 

74  .30 

75  .00 
79  .13 
82  .93 

82  .81 

79  .70 

83  .55 
83  .94 

80  .72 

81  .86 

83  .84 

90. 

84  .38 


H°.20 

12  .63 

13  .81 
20  .91 
17  .95 
20  .14 

29  .84 
27  .1!) 
32  .14 
32  .72 
25  .34 

30  .20 
36  .00 
34  .60 
50  .09 
49  .4;! 
40  .iU 
53  .»{) 
56  .CU 
58  .70 

71  .06  ! 
69  .98 

64. 


79  .16 


St.  Louis,  Missouri,  Lat.  38^41)'      Mnaii  tcuip.  55°  .86.      New  Flarinonv  Lat.  .^Ho  11'.     Mean  temp.  50°  .74. 
New  Orleans,  Lat.  30°      Mean  temp.  0U°  .01.     Baton  Rouge,  Lat.  30°  .26'.     Mean  temp.  Cd°  .07. 
Jamaica,  coast,  Mean  temp  80°  .(!. 


Kange  of  Mean  Temperature  in  the  TJ.  States  for  the  Extreme  Months,  Seasons,  and  Y?ui! 
(Army  Ileteorologieal  Register,  1855.) 

r 


Stations. 


Ye.\rs. 


Hancoek  Barracks,  Maine 17 

Fort  Sullivan,  Maine 25 

Fort  Constitution,  New  Hampshire,  25 
Fort  Independence,  Massachusetts,  17 

Fort  Columbus,  New  York 33 

Watervliet,  New  York 31 

Alleghany  Arsenal,  Pennsylvania...  22 

Fort  McHenry,  Baltimore,  Md 24 

Fort  Monroe,  Virginia,  (Norfolk,)...  30 
Fort  Moultrie.  S.  C,  (Charleston,)...  28 
Fort  Marion,  St.  Augustine,  Florida,  20 

Key  West,  (Florida,) 14 

Fort  Brooke,  Florida 25 

Fort  Barrancas,  Pensacola.  Florida,  17 
Mount  Vernon  Arsenal,  Mobile,  Ala..,  14 

Fort  Pike,  Louisiana 14 

New  Orleans,  Louisiana 20 

Baton  Rouge,  Louisiana 24 

Fort  Jessup,  Louisiana 23 

Fort  Gibson,  Indian  Territory 27 

Jefferson  Barracks,  Missouri 26 

St.  Louis,  Missouri 12 

Fort  Gratiot,  Michigan 17 

Fort  Mackinac,  Michigan 24 

Fort  Brady,  Michigan 31 

Fort  Howard,  Wisconsin 21 

Fort  Crawford,  Wisconsin 19 

Fort  Armstrong,  Illinois 11 

Fort  .Snelling,  Minnesota 35 

Fort  Leavenworth,  Kansas 24 

Fort  Kearney,  Nebraska  6 

Fort  Laramie,  Nebraska 6 

Fort  Brown,  Texas 7 

Fnrt  Mcintosh,  Texas 6 

Santa  Fe,  New  Jlexico ,.     5 

San  Diego,  California 5 

Benicia,  California 6 

Fort  Vancouver,  Oregon 6 

Fort  Steilacoom,  Washington  Ter.,    6 


Latitude 


40°.07' 

44  .54 

43  .04 
42  .20 
40  .42 
42  .43 

40  .32 
39  .17 

37  .00 
32  .45 

29  .48 

24  .32 

28  .00 

30  .18 

31  .12 
30  .10 

29  .57 

30  .26 

31  .33 

34  .47 

38  .28 

38  .40 

42  .55 

45  .51 

46  .30 

44  .30 

43  .05 

41  .30 

44  .53 

39  .21 

40  .38 

42  .12 

25  .54 
27  .31 

35  .41 

32  .42 
38  .03 

45  .40 

47  .10 


January. 

JvJy. 

8.7 

Spring. 

Summer. 

Autitmn. 

16.0 

6.4 

6.8 

7.2 

14.0 

9.9 

7.7 

6.8 

4.7 

14.0 

9.0 

7.0 

7.4 

6.7 

9.9 

8.6 

7.8 

4.9 

6.9 

12.6 

11.8 

7.8 

7.1 

9.9 

15.3 

10.5 

8.8 

6.7 

9.2 

18.9 

14.5 

12.9 

7.8 

12.0 

14.2 

6.8 

8.9 

6.0 

7.2 

16.9 

7.4 

10.1 

5.9 

7.6 

18.3 

6.1 

7.1 

7.3 

9.5 

16.1 

8.6 

11.3 

6.7 

7.1 

12.6 

5.9 

.S.5 

3.2 

4.2 

17.7 

6.8 

6.8 

5.4 

4.8 

18.2 

5.3 

7.1 

3.2 

4.5 

14.2 

6.1 

4.7 

4.3 

5.6 

10.7 

6.2 

6.2 

3.0 

7.0 

18.0 

6.8 

7.4 

5.2 

6.5 

15.4 

7.1 

9.3 

4.8 

6.9 

17.5 

7.8 

9.0 

4.6 

7.6 

19.5 

7.8 

9.2 

8.6 

11.3 

17.6 

12.0 

15.0 

9.1 

10.2 

14.0 

7.2 

7.2 

4.7 

7.4 

13.6 

11.8 

11.8 

8.2 

8.9 

12.3 

10.3 

8.1 

5.8 

7.9 

13.0 

13.3 

13.0 

8.5 

9.8 

14.5 

11.8 

9.2 

7.6 

9.9 

19.6 

10.4 

17.7 

8.1 

9.2 

18.5 

10.3 

6.8 

8.3 

6.2 

27.9 

14.6 

17.3 

11.0 

10.4 

24.7 

10.0 

17.8 

8.0 

9.4 

19.9 

5.2 

5.8 

4.1 

7.0 

13.2 

4.5 

6.4 

2.6 

10.8 

10.0 

2.9 

2.5 

2.2 

.3.1 

10.2 

3.7 

4.8 

5.5 

3.1 

4.3 

6.9 

2.3 

1.8 

.5.0 

3.7 

6.9 

40.7 

2.7 

3.6 

6.9 

4.9 

4.6 

2.9 

3.4 

10.1 

3.4 

4.0 

2.6 

2.2 

12.6 

.3.8 

2.3 

1.8 

2.8 

7.1 

7.8 

11.9 

11.0 

10.3 

12.8 

11.2 

11.2 

16.0 

16.7 

15.4 

8.2 

11.9 

9.7 

6.8 

13.3 

8.9 

11.1 

10.6 

14.4 

19.2 

7.3 

10.7 

9.9 

9.0 

16.6 

16.4 

17.4 

16.0 

1.3.3 

13.0 

4.8 

4.2 

3.6 

.3.7 

2.6 

3.2 

2.3 

4.0 


6.0 
3.7 
6.7 
4.7 
7.3 
7.4 
7.8 
4.9 
9.0 
6.9 
6.7 
3.5 
4.0 
3.0 
35 
4.8 
4.7 
4.2 
6.6 
6.9 
7.0 
3.7 
6.1 
6.1 
7.1 
5.1 
8.9 
7..^ 
8.6 
8.0 
5.3 
5.8 
1.6 
L9 
0.8 
2.3 
U 
1.4 
2.0 


CLIMATEllIC 


21 


C  L I N  0  I D 


2.  EUROPE,  AFRICA,  &c. 


Places. 


(Jftiuva 

(xo-'port 

Newport,  Inle  of  Wight 

Sidinoiith 

Pen/.ance 

UnJercliff 

Hastings 

Bute 

Cove  of  Cork 

.Jersey 

I'aris 

I'ilU 

Sienna 

Xiintes , 

IJordcanx 

Alontpellier 

Avignon 

Florence 

Nice 

Marseilles 

Toulon 

Leghorn 

(xonoa 


Rome 

Naples 

St.  Michaels,  Azores. 
Cadiz 


Madeira,  Funchal. .  • . 

Algiers 

Canaries,  Santa  Cruz. 
Cairo 


Latiluilr 


pi-r.iture  of 
j      several 


4S°.12' 

48  .1 
60  .40 

52  .11 

50  .52 
55  .42 

51  .54 

49  .1.3 
48  .50 
43  .7 

43  .2t 
47  .13 

44  .50 
43  .36 

43  .46 

43  .42 

43  .17 

43  .07 

43  .33 

44  .25 
43  .43 
41  .53 
40  .54 
37  .47 
36  .32 

32  .37 
36  .48 
28  .28 
30  .02 


40°. 28' 

50  .24* 
61  .00 

52  .10 

51  .SO 
51  .11 
67  .00 
48  .25 
51  .58 

53  .06 
51  .08 

54  .95 

55  .00 

65  .62t 

66  .48 

57  .60 

58  .20 
69  .00 

59  .48 

59  .50t 
69  .90 

60  .00« 
60  .37 
60  .60 

60  .40 

61  .40 

62  .40 
02  .88 

64  .56 

69  .98 

70  .94 
72  .32 


I  temperature  of  different  seasons. 


IVinler. 


34°.70 

40  .44 

40  .31 

40  .43 

44  .03 

42  .14 

40  .11 

39  .02 

43  .90 

43  .82 
.38  .66 

41  .79 

40  .50 

42  .23 
42  .08 

44  .20 

42  .60 

44  .30 

47  .82 

45  .50 

43  .30 

46  .30 

44  .57 
46  .03 

45  .86 

48  .50 

57  .83 
52  .90 

59  .60 

61  .52 

64  .65 

58  .46 


Spring. 


47°.66 
47  .63 

49  .00 

50  .66 
49  .63 
29  .26 

45  .77 

46  .66 
49  .43 

60  .97 
49  .28 
54  .96 
54  .10 
53  .10 

66  .46 
63  .33 
57  .13 
56  .00 

56  .23 

57  .56 
53  .70 

67  .60 

58  .60 
57  .20 
57  .74 

68  .60 

61  .17 
r  59  .63 

62  .20 
65  .66 

68  .87 
73  .58 


Summer.         JttUumn 


64°.94 

62  .00 

63  .09 

63  .83 
60  .70 
60  .28 

60  .45 
58  .02 

61  .26 

62  .84 

64  .58 

67  .41 
70  .80 
70  .73 

70  .88 

71  .30 
74  .66 
74  .00 

72  .20 
72  .50 
74  .30 
74  .10 

74  .03 

75  .15 

75  .20 
70  .83 

68  .33 
70  .43 

69  .33 
80  .24 

76  .68 
85  .10 


50°.00 

50  .88 

61  .63 
63  .50 

63  .36 

62  .76 

51  .00 
48  .59 
61  .73 

64  .63 
61  .44 

55  .64 
57  .10 

56  .41 
56  ..30 
61  .30 
69  .00 

60  .70 

61  .03 
60  .08 
59  .00 

62  .00 
62  .94 
62  .80 
62  .78 

64  .50 
62  .33 

65  .35 

67  .23 

72  .50 
74  .17 
71  .42 


Mean  temperature  of 


60°.56 


65  .30 


70  .52 
73  .04 


77  .00 


82  .76 
85  .82 


34°.16 


36  .14 


39  .02 
41  .00 


42  .26 


60  .08 
66  .12 


Loiiiloii,  Lat  51°  .:«)'.     Mi-aii  temp.  50°  ..36. 
HerpiKiiaii,  M<;aii  totiip.  5!l°  .54. 
Nismes,  Mean  temp.  V.0°  .211. 


Environs  of  London.  Mean  temp.  48°  .81. 
Jjjons,  Mean  lemp.  55°  .7(). 


In  the  United  States,  the  most  favourable  re- 
gion for  the  plitliisical  invalid  is  that  of  Florida, 
— especially  of  Pensacola.  St.  Augustine  is  fre- 
quently chosen,  but  it  is  liable  to  north-east 
storms,  which  interfere  with  the  out-door  move- 
ments of  the  valetudinarian,  and  are  the  source 
of  much  disconjfort.  Still,  great  benefit  has  often 
been  derived  from  it  as  a  winter  retreat.  Of  the 
Atlantic  Isles,  Madeira  appears  to  be  best  adapted 
for  the  consumptive,  and  those  affected  with 
chronic  bronchitis.  In  Italy,  Rome,  and  Pisa, — 
and  in  England,  Torquay  and  Undercliff,  are  to 
be  preferred.  Chronic  rheumatism  ami  gout  are 
benefited  by  a  warm  climate,  which,  again,  is  un- 
favourable to  those  who  are  predisposed  to  cere- 
bral diseases,  especially  to  such  as  are  charac- 
terized by  debility  and  mobility  of  the  nervous 
system — as  paralysis,  epilepsy,  mania,  Ac.  Hypo- 
chondriasis and  dyspepsia  require  rather  change 
of  climate  and  travelling  e.\ercise  than  a  sojourn 
in  any  one.  (See  the  Author's  Human  Health, 
Philad.,  ]84t). 

For  the  mortality  of  different  countries  and 
cities,  see  Mortalitv. 

CLI.M  .ATE  RIC,"  Climacteric. 

CLI'.MATIC,  C/ii»ot'iciin,  C'll'mafal.  Belong- 
ing to,  or  dependent  upon  climate. 

Climatic  Diskasi:s,  Morbi  dimat'ici,  are  such 
as  are  caused  by  climate. 

CLIM.ATOL'OGY,  CUmntolo(,"in.  (F.)  CUmn- 
tologie,  from  ic/\i/i(i,  'a  region,'  and  )ioyof,  'a  dis- 
course.' A  treatise  on  climates,  their  effects  on 
organized  bodies.  Ae..  Ac. 

CEIMIiER.AVOODY.Arapelopsisquinquefolia. 

CLI.XI':.  ail";,  -a  bed.'     Hence: 

CLINLVTEK,  Clinical  physician. 

CLI^■1ATKIA,  Cliuical  medicine. 


CLINIATRUS,  Clinical  physician. 

CLINIC,  see  Clinique. 

CLINICA,  Clinical  medicine. 

CLIN'ICAL,  Clin'icHs,  (F.)  Clinique,  from 
K\tvi],  'a  bed.'     Relating  to  a  bed. 

Clinjcal  Lecturk,  (F.)  Leron  Clinique.  One 
given  at  the  bed-side,  or  on  a  particular  case  or 
cases. 

Clinical  Med'icine,  Cliuiatri'a,Cliii'icn,Cfiu'- 
ice,  (F. )  J/eciecitie  clinique.  That  which  is  occu- 
pied with  the  investigation  of  diseases  at  the 
bed-side,  or  individually. 

Clinical  Physician,  Clitn'a'ter,  Cliuin'trns, 
(F.)  Cliiiicien.  One  who  practices  or  teaches 
clinical  medicine. 

CLINICE,  Clinical  medicine. 

CLINICIEN,  Clinical  physician. 

CLINICUM,   Clinique. 

CLINIQUE  (F.),  Clinical.  Clinique,Clin'icuw, 
is  also  used  substantively  for  Ecuh  Clinique  or 
Clinical  School:  a  school  in  which  medicine  i.s 
taught  by  examining  diseases  on  the  patients 
themselves,  at  the  bed-side,  as  it  were.  Thus, 
the  French  say,  —  "La  Clinique  de  la  Charitc." 
"  The  Clinical  School  of  the  Hospital  La  Charite." 
The  term  has  been  introduced  into  this  country, 
and  anglicised  Clinic. 

CLINO-CEPHA'LIA,  Klino-cepha'lia,  from 
icXiv»;,  '  a  bed,' and  Kc(pa\t],  'head.-'  Monstrosity 
in  which  the  head  is  unusually  flattened,  owing 
to  synostosis  of  the  parietal  and  sphenoid  bone.-. 

CLINODES,  Clinoid. 

CLINOID,  Clinoi'cles,  Clino'de.1.  CUnni'Heui, 
from  k\ivti,  'a  bed,'  and  tdoi,  'form.'  Resem- 
bling a  bed. 

Clinoid  Proc"esses,  (F.)  Apophyses  clininden, 
are  four  processes  at  the  upper  surface  of  the 


CLINOIDEUS 


216 


CLYSTER 


sphenoid  bone,  which  have  been  compnred  to  the 
posts  of  a  bed.      On  them  the  pituitary  gland 
rests.     Tliey  are  divided  into  anterior  and  poste- 
rior.    Each  of  the  anterior  terminates  in  a  point 
called  Transverse  Spinous  Process. 
CLINOIDEUS,  Clinoid. 
CLINOPODIA,  Thymus  mastichina. 
CLIXOPODIUM  ARVENSE,  C.  vulgare  — c. 
Iiicanum,  Pycnanthemum  incanum — c.  Majus,  C. 
vulgare. 

Clinopo'dium  Vulga're,  from  kXivv,  'a  bed,' 
and  nous,  noios,  'foot,'  so  called  from  the  shape 
of  its  flowers,  Clinopodinm  arven'se  seu  majns, 
Oc"yinHm  sijlces'tre,  Melis'sa  clinopo'dium,  T/ii/- 
tfiHS  Mijlvat'icus,  Wild  Basil,  (F.)  Grand  Basilic 
nauvai/e.  A  European  plant,  Ord.  Labiatae,  which 
was  formerly  considered  to  be  an  antidote  to  the 
bites  of  venomous  animals,  to  facilitate  labour, 
relieve  strangury,  stop  diarrhoea,  <fec. 

CLIQ  UE  TIS,  Crepitation  —  c.  iletallique, 
Tintenient  metalliqne. 

CLISEOM'ETER,  Clisiom'eter,  (P.)  Kliseomi- 
tre,  from  KXian,  '  inclination,'  and  fxtrpov,  '  a  mea- 
sure.' An  instrument,  intended  to  measure  the 
degree  of  inclination  of  the  pelvis  and  to  deter- 
mine the  relation  between  the  axis  of  the  pelvis 
and  that  of  the  body. — Osiander,  Stein. 

CLITBUR,  Arctium  lappa. 

CLITIIE,  Arctium  lappa. 

CLITIIEREN,  (Galium  aparine. 

CLITORICARCINO'MA,  from  K\uTopis,  'clito- 
ris,'and  Ka^jKivoyjia,  'cancer.'  Cancerof  the  clitoris. 

CLITORIDES  INFERIORES  LATI  ET 
PLANI  MUSCULI,  Constrietores  cunni. 

CLIT'ORIS,  from  xXriTiiip,  'a  servant  who  in- 
vites guests'  [?].  Clei'loris,  Cie'toris,  Cleithoris, 
Oleitor'ion,  Cleithorion,  Dulce'do  Amor' is,  Venus, 
Jfi/rton,  Mnrton,  Murium,  CEstrum,  CEetrus,  Coles 
fe.niina' mm.  Penis  mulie'bris  seu  femineus,  3fen'- 
tnla  mulie'bris,  3fembrum  mulie'bre,  Superla'bia, 
Cerco'sis,  Hypoder'mis,  Nymphn,  Nymplie,  Epi- 
der'rhis,  Libi'dinis  Sedes,  Tunic'ula,  Crista.  A 
small,  round  organ,  s.ituate  at  the  upper  part  of 
the  vulva.,  and  separated  by  a  small  space  from 
the  anterior  commissure  of  the  labia.  Its  base  is 
surrounded  by  a  slight  fold,  similar  to  thte  pre- 
l)uce ;  and  it  is,  internally,  of  the  same  structure 
as  the  corpora  cavernosa  penis.  The  artery  of 
the  clitoris,  (F.)  A.  Clitorienne  ou  Clitoridienne, 
is  a  branch  of  the  internal  pudic.  The  vein  com- 
municates with  the  internal  pudic,  and  the  nerve 
with  the  pudic. 

CLIT'ORISM,  Clitoris'mus.  The  abuse  made 
of  the  clitoris.  Also,  an  unusually  large  clitoris, 
Cerco'sis  extern' a  seu  Clitor'idis.Caudu'tio,  Cauda. 

CLITORI'TIS,  Clitoriii'tis,  from  kXutoph, 
'  clitoris,'  and  itis,  '  denoting  inflammation.'  In- 
flammation of  the  clitoris. 

CLITORITITIS,  Clitoritis. 

CLITORIUM,  Vulva. 

CLIVER,  Galium  aparine. 

CLIVUS  BLUMENBACH'II.  An  inclining 
surface  behind  the  dorsum  ephippii  of  the  sphe- 
noid bone,  which  is  continuous  with  the  basilar 
process  of  the  occipital  bone. 

CLOA'CA,  (F.)  Cloaque,  akin  to  k\v?,o>,  'I 
wash'  [?].  The  pouch  at  the  extremity  of  the 
intestinal  canal,  in  which  the  solid  and  liquid 
excretions  are  commingled  in  birds,  fish  and  rep- 
tiles. In  the  male,  it  gives  exit  to  the  excre- 
ments, sperm  and  urine  :  in  the  female,  to  the 
eggs,  fa3cal  matters,  and  urine. 

CLOANX,  Orpiment. 

CLOAQUE,  Cloaca. 

CLOCHE  (F.).  A  popular  expression  in 
France  for  a  blister  or  other  vesicle. 

CLO I  SO  N,  Septum — c.  des  Fosses  nasales, 
Septum  narium  —  c.  Transparente,  Septum  lu- 
cidum. 


CLOISONNEMENT,  see  Generation.  Also, 
the  division  of  a  hollow  organ  —  as  the  bladder, 
vagina,  and  uterus,  into  two  portions  by  a  scp- 
turn,  —  a  malformation  —  anovialie  par  cloisonne- 
men  t. 

CLONIC,  Clon'icns,  from  kKovo?,  'agitation,' 
'motion.'  (F.)  Clonique.  Irregular  convulsive 
motions.'  Convulsion  with  alternate  relaxation; 
in  contradistinction  to  ionic,  which  signifies  a 
constant  rigidity  ; — Clonus,  Clon'ici  partia'lei. 

Clonic  Spasm,  see  Spasm. 

CLONICI  UNIVERSALES,  Synclonus. 

CLONIQUE,  Clonic. 

CLONIS,  Sacrum. 

CLONISM,  67ohis'ot««/ same  etymon.  Clonic 
spasm. — Baumes. 

CLONO'DES,  from  k\ovo;,  'agitation,'  and 
£1^05,  '  resemblance.'  Convulsive.  Galen  applies 
this  term  to  the  pulse,  when  convulsive,  as  it 
were,  and  unequal.  He  compares  the  sensation 
it  communicates  to  the  finger  to  that  produced 
by  a  bundle  of  sticks  or  of  rods  in  vibration. 

CLONOS  EPILEPSIA,  Epilepsy— c.  Hydro- 
phobia.  Hydrophobia. 

CLONUS,  Synclonus — c.  Nictitatio,  Nictation 
— c  Palpitatio,  Palpitation — c.  Pandiculatio,  Pan- 
diculation^— c.  Pandiculatio  maxillarura.  Yawning 
— c.  Singultus,  Singultus — c.  Sternutatio,  Sneez- 
ing— c.  Subsultus,  Subsultus  tendinum. 

CLOPEMANIA,  Kleptomania. 

CLOPORTES  ORDINATRES,  Onisci  aselli. 

CLOSE-STOOL,  Lasanum. 

CLOT,  Coagulum— c.  of  Blood,  see  Blood. 

CLOTBUR,  Xanthium. 

CLOTHING,  Vestitus. 

CLOTTY,  Grumo'sus,  (F.)  Grumeleux.  Com- 
posed of  clots. 

CLOU,  Clavus,  Furuneulus — c.  de  Girofle,  see 
Eugenia,  caryophyllata  —  c.  Hysterique,  ClaTiia 
hystericus — c.  dc  I'Qiil,  Clavus  oculi — c.  de  Seiijle^ 
Ergot. 

CLOUDBERRIES,  Rubus  chamaemorus. 

CLOUDBERRY  TREE,  Rubus  chamaiuiorus. 

CLOVE,  see  Eugenia  caryophyllata — o.  Bark, 
see  Myrtus  caryophyllata  —  c.  Pink,  Dianlhua 
caryophyllus  —  c.  July  flower,  Dianthus  caryo- 
phyllus.  •' 

CLOVE-TONGUE,  Helleborua  niger. 

CLUBFEET,  Kyllosis. 

CLUBMOSS,  Lycopodium  —  e.  Common,  Ly- 
copodium  complanatum  —  c.  Fir,  Lycopodium 
selago — c.  Upright,  Lycopodium  selago. 

CLUNES,  Nates. 

CLUNE'SIA,  from  Clnnes,  'the  nates.'  Proc- 
tal'yia,  Procti'tis.  An  inflammation  of  the  but- 
tocks.— Vogel. 

CLUNIS,  Sacrum. 

CLUPEA  THRYSSA.  The  Yellow-hilhd 
Sprat;  a  very  poisonous  fish  of  the  West  Indies. 

CLUTIA  ELUTERIA,  Croton  cascarilla. 

CLYDON,  Flatulence. 

CLYPEALIS  (Cartilago.)     Thyroid  cartilage, 

CLYSANTLIUM,  Syringe,  Clyster. 

CLYSIS,  Cli/smus.  Same  etymon  as  clyster. 
The  application  of  a  clyster.  AVashing  out  by 
means  of  a  clyster. 

CLYSMA,  Clysis,  Clyster,  Enema  — c.  Toni- 
cum.  Enema  foefidura. 

CLYSMA'TION,  same  etymon  as  clyster.  A 
diminutive  of  clysma.  A  small  clyster. 
CLYSMUS,  Clysis,  Enema. 
CLYSOIR  ou  CLYSOIRE  (¥.).  An  appa- 
ratus for  administering  enemata,  consisting  of  » 
long  funnel-shaped  tube  of  elastic  gum,  furnished 
with  a  pipe  at  the  apex.  An  instrument,  similar 
to  this,  with  a  syringe  attached,  is  called  a  Oij- 
topompe. 

CLYSOPOMPE,  Chjsoir,  Syringe. 
CLYSTER,    Clyste'rium,    Clysma,   Enclyt'mO) 


C  LYSTERE 


217 


COCCI  GRANUM 


Cfy»mui,  En'ema,  Lavamen' turn,  KKvarrip,  from 
K\\>(,tiv,  'to  wash.'  (F.)  Clijitlre,  Lavement, 
Jtenihle.  A  li(iuid,  thrown  into  the  large  intes- 
tines by  means  of  a  syringe,  or  bladder  and  pipe 
properly  iireparcd,  Ac. ;  the  nozzle  of  the  syringe 
or  pi])c  being  introduced  into  the  anus.  See 
Enema. 

Clystkr  of  Aloes,  Enema  aloes — c.  Anodyne, 
Enema  anodynum  — c.  of  Assafoetida,  Enema  as- 
gafcjetida  —  e.  Cathartic,  Enema  catharticum — c. 
of  Culocynth,  Enema  colocynthidis  —  c.  Com- 
mon, Enema  commune  —  c.  Domestic,  Enema 
commune  —  c.  Fetid,  Enema  foetidum  —  c.  Pipe, 
Elasma — c.  Purging,  Enema  catharticum  —  c. 
Starch  and  ojjium.  Enema  anodynum — c.  Tobac- 
co, Enema  taliaci  —  c.  Turpentine,  Enema  tere- 
binthinic — c.   Uterinus,  Sparallium. 

CLYSTERE,  Enema. 

CNEME,  Leg,  Tibia. 

CNEMODACTYLiEUS,  Extensor  communis 
digitorum  pedis. 

CNEMOLORDO'SIS,  from  Kvrjur,,  'the  leg.' 
and  Aopiwffis,  '  the  state  of  being  bent  forward.' 
Bending  of  the  leg  forward. 

CNEMOSCOLIO'SIS,  from  kwixy,,  'leg,'  and 
o-KiAiuffij,  '  bending,'  especially  sideways.  Bend- 
ing of  the  leg  sideways.  The  state  of  being  how- 
l'':i<jcr{,  or  baiiili/-le</r/ed,  (Prov.)  Scrog-legged, 
tlidckle-lmmmed,  (L.)   Vulqus. 

CNEORON,  Daphne  gnidium. 

CNEOKUM  TRICOC'CUM,  Almeze'rion,  Ac- 
lifs't(js,  Chnuiwh'ri,  Widow-nmil,  Spurge-Olive, 
(F.)  Cnmelee.  This  plant,  Ord.  TerebinthacciB, 
a  native  of  Southern  Europe,  contains  a  very  ir- 
ritating, acrid  principle.  The  ancients  employed 
itj  leaves  as  a  powerful  purgative.  It  is  now 
suiniitimes  used  for  deterging  ulcers. 

CNESIS,  Cnesmos,  Cniamos.  A  painful  itching. 
— Galen. 

CNKSMA,  Itching. 

CNESMOS,  Cnesis,  Itching,  Prurigo. 

CNICELiE'UM,  from  kviko^,  '  cnrthamus,'  and 
t\atov,  'oil.'     Oil  of  carthamus. — Dioscorides. 

CNICUS,  Carthamus  tinctorius — c.  Sylvestris, 
Centaurea  benedicta. 

CNIDELyE'ON,  Ciiklelce'um,  from  KviSen, 
'cnidiim,'  and  c\aiov,  'oil.'  Oil  made  from  the 
grana  cnidia  or  mezereon  berries. — Dioscorides. 

CNID'IA  GRANA,  Cnidii  Cocci,  Coccof/nid'ia, 
jJ'Jtu'lioii,  Ooccum.  The  berries  of  the  Daphne 
gnidium. — Foesius. 

CNIDIUM  SILAUS,  Peucedanum  silaus  — c. 
Tenuifoliuin,  Sison  ammi. 

CNIDO'SIS.  A  pungent  itching,  compared  to 
that  produced  by  the  Urtica  urena  or  Nettle. 
[Kvil^n.) — Ilippoc.     Urticaria;  urticatio. 

CNIP'OTES,  Pniri'tiis.  Itching.  The  dry 
ophthalmia,  Xerophthnl'min. 

CNISMOREGMIA,  Pyrosis. 

CNISMOS,  Cnesmos. 

CNISSA.  see  Nidorous. 

CNISSOREG'MIA,  from  KvtiT<Ta,  'the  smell  of 
burnt  fat,'  and  upcyu),  'I  put  forth;'  Jiuctus  nido- 
tii'mts.  A  nidorous  eructation,  as  of  rotten 
eggs. 

C.VYMA,  Kvvita.  A  slight  itching.  Also,  a 
puncture  or  vellication. — Galen. 

COACTUS,  see  Curds. 

COACUM.  Phytolacca  decandra. 

COAOMENTATIO.  Gomphosis. 

COAGULABLE  LYMPH,  Fibrin,  Liquor  san- 
guinis. 

COAG'ULANTS,  Congulan'tia,  from  coagti- 
Inre, — itself  from  co  and  agere,  'to  act  together,' 
or  from  cogo,  '  to  drive  or  bring  together.'  Reme- 
dies, or  poisons,  supposed  to  possess  the  power 
of  coagulating  the  blood,  or  to  give  consistency 
t.i  animal  Huids.  The  word  and  the  absurd  no- 
tions couuccted  with  it  are  equally  abandoned. 


COAGULA'TION,  Coagida'tio,  Thrombo'ttt, 
The  conversion  of  a  liquid  into  a  more  or  less 
soft  and  tremulous  mass.  Many  animal  and 
vegetable  fluids  are  capable  of  coagulation. 

COAGULATUS,  see  Curds. 

COAG'ULUM,  Gntmi,s,{F.)  Caillot,  Grumeau, 
('a  small  clot.')  A  soft  mass  formed  in  a  coagu- 
lable  liquid.  The  Clot  of  the  Blood  is  particu- 
larly so  called  —  the  Crnor,  In'sidci,  Plnceti'ta, 
Hepar  San'guiiiia,  Craasanien'titm,  Sa)tgiiia  con- 
cre'tiia  ; — the  red  mass,  composed  of  fibrin,  serum, 
and  colouring  matter,  which  separates  wh^n  the 
blood  is  left  to  itself.  See  Blood.  The  word  is 
also  applied,  in  pathology,  to  the  sanguineous 
concretions,  which  form  in  different  natural  and 
accidental  cavities;  and  which,  when  they  occur 
at  the  mouth  of  a  divided  artery,  sometimes  sus- 
pend the  flow  of  blood.  This  is,  indeed,  one  of 
the  means  by  which  hemorrhage  is  arrested. 

Coag'ulum  Alu'minis,  Coag'ulum  Aliimino'- 
anm,  Catoplna'rna  alu'miuia,  Alum  curd  or  cata- 
pUiam.  This  is  made  by  beating  the  white  of 
egg  with  a  little  alum,  until  a  coagulum  is  formed. 
It  is  applied  in  cases  of  ophthalmia,  where  an 
astringent  is  necessary. 

COALES'CENCE,  Coalesccn'tia,  CoaWio 
par'tinm,  from  conlescere,  '  to  run  together,' 
{co,  and  alere,  'to  nourish,')  Sym'phyais,  Pros'- 
phyaia.  The  adhesion  or  union  of  parts  pre- 
viously separated,  as  in  case  of  wounds  and  pre- 
ternatural adhesions  or  malformations.  See 
Monster. 

COALFISH,  see  Oleum  jecoris  aselli. 

COALITIO,  Coalition,  Symphysis, 

CoAiJTio  Partium,  Coalescence. 

COALIT"ION,  Coa/ifio.  The  same  etymon 
as  coalescence.  It  has  been  used  in  the  same 
cases;  as  well  as  to  express  the  action  of  several 
parts  of  the  frame,  which  have  the  same  nu- 
trition. 

COALITUS,  Symphysis. 

COALTER'NJ;  FEBRES.  a  name  given  to 
two  intermittents,  which  attack  a  person  at  the 
same  time,  but  whose  paroxysms  are  distinct:  so 
that  the  attack  of  one  supervenes  when  the  other 
has  ceased.  The  term  Double  Intermittent  ex- 
presses the  same  meaning. 

COAPTA'TION,  Coapta'tio,  from  co,  and 
aptare,  '  to  adjust,'  'adapt;'  Parago'ge.  The  act 
of  adapting  the  two  extremities  of  a  fractured 
bone  to  each  other;  or  of  restoring  a  luxated 
bone  to  its  place.  Coaptation  must  be  effected 
gently.  Usually,  extension  and  counter-exten- 
sion are,  in  the  first  place,  necessary. 

COARTICULATIO,  Diarthrosis,  Synarthrosis. 

COARCTATIO,  Arctatio,  Coarctation,  Stric- 
ture— c.  Ventriculi,  Stricture  of  the  Stomach. 

COARCTA'TION,  Coarcta'tio,  from  coarctare, 
'  to  straiten.'  Stricture.  Avicenna  speaks  of 
Coarctation  of  the  Pulse. 

COARCr'OTOMIE,  Coarctotom'ia,  a  hybrid 
term,  from  coarctare,  '  to  narrow,'  and  TOfir],  '  in- 
cision.' Urethrotomy,  when  limited  to  the  simple 
division  of  a  stricture. 

COAT,  see  Enduit — c.  Buffy,  Corium  phlogis- 
ticum. 

COATED,  see  Enduit. 

COBALT,  PROTOXIDE  OF,  Smalt 

COBHAM,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Cob- 
ham  is  seven  miles  from  Kingston,  in  Surrey, 
England.     The  waters  are  weak  saline  purgatives. 

COBRA  DI  CAPELLO,  Crotalus  horridus. 

COBWEB,  AranejB  tola. 

COC.\SII,  Erigeron  Philadelphicum. 

COCCA'RIUM.     A  very  small  pill. 

COCCHIA,  Cochia. 

COCCI  GRANUM,  Kermes— c.  Orientals,  seo 
Menispermum  cocculus. 


COCCIGIO-CUTANt 


218 


COCHLEARIS 


COCCIGIO-CUTANE  SPHINCTER,S^h\nc- 
ter  ani  externus. 

COCCINELLA,  diminutive  of  kokko^,  coccus, 
'a  berry'  which  it  resembles.     Coccus  cncti. 

Coccinel'la  Septkmpuncta'ta,  Ladi/ -bird, 
Lndy-cow,  Lady-htig,  Coto-lady,  Cushy-cow-lady, 
(Prov.)  Fly-gotdiitg,  Golden-bug,  Goldeii-knop. 
This  insect,  bruised  upon  an  aching  tooth,  has 
long  been  regarded  as  auti-odontalgic, 

COC'OION,  KOKKiov.  A  weight,  mentioned  by 
Myrepsus  ;  the  same  as  the  siliqua. 

COCCIONELLA,  Coccus  cacti. 

COCCOBALSAiMUM,  see  Amyris  opobalsa- 
mum. 

COCCOGNIDIA,  Cnidia  grana. 

COCCOLOBA  UVIFERA,  see  Kino. 

COCCONES,  see  Punica  granatum. 

COCCUL.?;  OFFICINARUM,  see  Menispcr- 
mum  cocculus. 

COCCULUS  CRISPUS,  Menisperraum  tuber- 
culatum— c.  Indi  aromaticus,  see  Myrtus  pimenta 
— c.  Indicus,  see  Menispermum  cocculus — c.  Pal- 
matus,  Columba  —  c.  Suberosus,  Menispermum 
cocculus. 

COCCUM,  Cnidia  grana,  Kermes  —  c.  Baphi- 
cura,  Kermes — c.  Infectorium,  Kermes — c.  Scar- 
latinum,  Kermes — c.  Tinctorum,  Kermes. 

COCCUS,  (kokkos,  'a  berry,')  Coccus  cacti — c. 
Americanus,  Coccus  cacti. 

Coccus  Cacti.  The  systematic  name  of  the 
Coch'inenl  Insect,  Coccinel'lo,  Cochhiil'la,  Voccio- 
liel'la,  Coccinil'la  ,  Ficiis  Li'dicB  grana,  Coccus 
Polon'icHS  seu  America'nus  seu  fn'diciis  Tincto'- 
rins,  Scarabas'olus  liemisplia'ricus,  Cochinelif'era 
cochinil'la.  Coccus  America'nus,  Cochinelle,  Coc- 
cus; the  Coch'ineal  Animal,  (F.)  Cochenille, 
Graine  d'Ecarlate.  Class,  Insecta.  Order,  He- 
niiptera.  The  cochineal  insects  have  a  faint, 
heavy  odour;  their  taste  is  acrid,  bitterish,  and 
astringent;  colour  blackish-red  externally, — 
purple-red  within.  They  are  used  chiefly  for 
giving  a  red  colour  to  tinctures,  &o.  They  were, 
at  one  time,  esteemed  astringent,  stimulant,  diu- 
retic, and  anodyne. 

Coccus  Ilicis,  Kermes — c.  Indicus  tinctorius, 
Coccus  cacti — c.  Indicus,  see  Menispermum  coc- 
culus— c.  Polonicus,  Coccus  cacti. 

COCCYCEPH'ALUS,  Coccy'go-ceph'alus,  (F.) 
Coccycephale,  from  coccyx  and  xKpaXn,  '  the  head.' 
A  monster  whose  head  has  the  shape  of  the  os 
coccygis. 

COCCYGEAL,  Coccygeus  — c.  Nerve,  see  Sa- 
cral Nerves. 

COCCYGE'US,  Coccyge'al,  (F.)  Coccijgien, 
from  KOKKv^,  because  it  is  inserted  into  the  coccyx  ; 
Ischio-Coccygeus,  (P.)  Ischio-coccygien.  Belong- 
ing both  to  the  ischium  and  coccyx.  The  muscle 
Ischio-coceygeus,  Leva'tor  Coccy'gis,  Triangula'ris 
Coccy'yis.  It  arises  from  the  spinous  process  of 
the  ischium,  and  is  inserted  into  the  extremity  of 
the  sacrum;  and  into  nearly  the  whole  length  of 
the  OS  coccygis  laterally.  It  retains  the  coccyx 
in  place,  and  prevents  it  from  being  forced  back- 
wards during  the  evacuation  of  the  faeces. 

COCCYGIO-ANAL,  Sphincter  ani  externus. 

COCCYOIO-CUTANJE  SPHINCTER, 
Sphincter  ani  externus. 

COCCYGOCEPHALUS,  Coccycephalus. 

COCCYMELEA,  Prunus  domestica. 

COCCYX,  'a  cuckoo,'  whose  bill  it  is  said  to 
resemble;  Os  Coccy'gis  seu  Al'<igas,  Cauda,  Ossis 
eacri  acu'men,  Pump  or  Crupper  Bone,  Cu'culus, 
Uropyg'ion,  Spon'dylis,  Spoiidyl'lum.  An  assem- 
blage of  small  bones,  attached  to  the  lower  part 
of  the  sacrum  ;  the  curvature  of  which  it  pro- 
longs, and  of  which  it  seems  to  be  an  appendage. 
Generally,  it  consists  of  four  bones.     Behind  the 


base  of  the  coccyx  are  two  ."small  tubercular  emi. 
nences.     These  are  called  Cornua  of  the  Coccyx, 

corn  KM  A  11,  Incubus. 

COVlli:\ILLE,  Coctus  cacti. 

COCIIEHIA,  Cochia. 

C  0  C  II  I  A,  Cocchia,  Coche'ria,  from  kokko^, 
'  berry,'  '  seed,'  or  from  )co;:^i)ui,  '  to  tiow  profut^d^.' 
An  ancient  name  for  several  officinal  purgative 
pills ;  thus  called,  cither  because  they  produced 
copious  evacuations,  or  were  shaped  like  a  seed. 

COCHIN  LEG,  see  Elephantiasis. 

COCHINEAL,  Coccus  cacti. 

COCHINELIFERA  COCHINILLA,  Coccus 
cacti. 

COCHINILLA,  Coccus  cacti. 

COCU'LEA.  A  Snail's  sliell,  (F.)  Lima<:n,,, 
Coquille,  Cochlee.  Anatomists  have  given  tljis 
name  to  the  most  anterior  of  the  three  cavities, 
which  constitute  the  labyrinth  of  the  ear,  the 
Pelvis  Au'rinin,  Concha  auris  inter'na  seu  La- 
byrinthi,  Cav'itas  cochlea'ta  seu  buccina'ta,  Aii- 
trum  buccino'sum,  'J'roch'lea  labyrlnth'i :.  —  and 
that  of  ScaloB  of  the  Cochlea,  {¥.)  Ji'impcH  dii  11- 
ma(;on,  to  two  spiral  cavities  in  the  interior  of  the 
cochlea.  One  of  these  scalse  terminates  at  the 
Fenes'tra  rotun'da,  and  is  called  Scala  tyiiinmii : 
the  other  opens  at  the  anterior  and  inferior  part 
of  the  vestibule  :  it  is  called  Scala  vestib'uli. 

Cochlea,  Scalje  of  the,  see  Cochlea. 

COCHLEAR,  Cochlea' ris,  (F.)  Cochtenire, 
Cochlearien.  Relating  or  appertaining  to  the 
cochlea. 

Cochlear,  Cochleare — c.  Auriculare,  Ear-pick 
— c.  Nerve,  see  Auditory  Nerve. 

COCHLEA'RE,  Coch'lear,  Cochlaa'rium,  from 
cochlea  ;  its  bowl  resembling  a  shell.  A  spoonful, 
(F.)  Cuilleree ;  abbreviated  in  prescriptions  usu- 
ally to  each.     See  Abbreviation.     Also,  a  sconp. 

Cochlea're  Magnum,  a  tablespooufni ;  U.  Jle'- 
dium,  a  dessert  or  pap-spoonful ;  and  C.  Jliii'i- 
mum,  a  teaspoonful. 

COCHLEA'RIA,  from  cochleare,  'a  spoon,' so 
called  from  its  resemblance.      C.  officinalis. 

Cochlea'ria  Ahmoua'ciA,  Jiaph'anns  ruKti- 
cn'nus  seu  mari'nus  seu  sylves'tris  seu  mayiia, 
Armora'cia,  A.  sati'va  seu  rustica'na,  Horse- 
radish; (Sc.)  Potcoll.  Fam.,  Cruciferss.  Sex. 
Syst.  TetradynamiaSiliculosa.  (F.)  llnifortauu- 
vage,  Cran,  Cran  de  Hretagne,  Cranson,  Mofitartle 
des  Moines  ou  dcs  Allemauds,  Pad  is  de  clievol. 
The  root  of  horseradish  is  frequently  used  at 
table;  and  has  long  been  in  the  Materia  Wedicii. 
It  is  stimulant  and  diuretic.  Externally,  it  is 
rubefacient. 

Cochlea'ria  Coron'opus,  Coron'opus,  Coron'- 
op\is  Eucl'iii  seu  deprcs'sus  seu  vult/a'ris,  Le- 
pid'ium  squoma'tum,  Senebie'ra  coron'opus,  Wild 
Scurvy  Grass,  Swine's  Cress,  (F.)  Come  de  Cerf. 
This  European  plant  is  considered  to  be  diuretic 
and  antiscorbutic.  The  term  Coron'opus  was 
given,  by  the  ancients,  to  various  plants. 

Cochlearia  Hortensis,  Cochlearia  officinalii!. 

Cochlea'ria  Officina'lis,  Cochlearia,  C.  hor- 
ten'sis  sen  pyrena' tea  seu  vulga'ris.  Lemon  Scurry 
Grass,  Common  Scurvy  Grass,  (Sc.)  Scrubie-gruin, 
(Prov.)  Scrooby.yrass,  (F.)  Crauson,  Herbs  iii'jc 
cuillers.  It  has  been  considered  a  powerful  anti- 
scorbutic.    It  is  sometimes  eaten  in  sala<l. 

Cochlearia  Pyrenaica,  C.  officinalis— c.  Vul- 
garis, C.  officinalis. 

COCHLEARIFOR'MIS,  from  cochleare, 
'a.  spoon,'  and  forma,  'shape  ;'  (F.)  Jlec  de  Cnilhr. 

CoCHLEAniFORMis  pROCEs'sus,  Cochlear' i/nriii 
process.  A  small,  very  thin  plate,  which  sei>ii- 
rates  the  bony  portion  of  the  Eustachian  tuhe 
from  the  canal  for  the  passage  of  the  tensor  tjm- 
pani. 

COCIILEA'RIS.  A  gelatinous  looking  tissue, 
seen  on  opening  the  cochlea,  by  which  the  mem- 


COCIILEARIUM 


21  9 


CCELIAC 


lirnnons  zone  is  connected,  at  its  outer  or  convex 
niar;^in,  with  the  outer  wall.  It  is  supposed  by 
Todd  and  IJowmnn  to  be  muscular;  and  to  have 
a  preservative  office,  being  placed  to  defend  the 
cochlear  nerves  from  undue  vibrations  of  sound, 
in  a  way  analogous  to  that  in  which  the  iris  pro- 
tect? the  retina  from  excessive  light. 
COCIILEARIUM,  Cochleare. 
COCIIO'NE,  Kox<^v>,.  The  junction  of  the 
isx;hium,  near  the  sciit  or  breech. — Focsius.  The 
breech  proper,  from  the  hip-booes  to  the  anus. 
The  perinicuin.     The  coccyx. 

COCIL'IO.     A  weight  of  eleven  ounces. 

COOK-EYE,  see  Lnseitas. 

COCK-(!RASS.  Loliuin  temulentum. 

COrivLH,  COKN.  Lychnis  gilhago. 

COCKF/E-BUR,  Agrimony,  Xanthium. 

COCKLES,  INDIAN,  see  Menispermum  coc- 
culus. 

COCKMTNT,  Tanacctura  balsamita. 

COCKSPUR.  Ergot— c.  Rye,  Ergot. 

COCKUP  HAT,  Slillingia. 

COCKYBABY,  Arum  uuiculatum. 

COCLES,  Boryne. 

COCO,  Coeos  nucifera. 

Coco  OP  THi:  Maf-dives',  Cocos  de  Maldi'vd. 
The  fruit  of  a  palm,  called  Lndo'ice'a  by  Com- 
uiorson.  It  was  formerly  termed,  in  the  shops, 
iVii.r  Mid'icn,  and  enjoyed  great  reputation. 

COCOA,  Cacao,  Cocos  nucifera. 

COCOA  CACAVIFERA.  Cacao. 

COCOBAY,  Mai  de  San  Lazaro. 

COCO-OLEIN,  see  Cocos  nucifera. 

COCOS  BUTYRA'CEA.  The  name  of  the 
plant  which  affords  the  p<ihn  oil,  O'Icum  pal'ma, 
obtained  chiefly  from  the  fruit,  by  bruising  and 
mixing  the  kernels  with  water,  without  the  aid 
of  heat,  by  which  the  oil  is  separated  and  rises 
to  khe  surface.  It  is  of  the  consistence  of  an 
ointment,  with  little  taste,  and  a  strong,  though 
not  disagreeable,  smell.  It  is  applied  to  sprains, 
Ac. ;  but  has  no  advantages  over  other  oils.  It  has 
been  used  as  the  excipicntfor  suppositories,  and 
has  been  called,  also,  O'Icum  PnliiicB  sejxi'ceuin, 
0.  Jijc'iim  uiiciim  cocos  h\itijrn'cc<B  and  Marhnw 
flit.  It  is  procured  likewise  from  the  EUt'is 
Gidneeu'sis,  and  Ela'is  Occidenta'lis,  two  species 
of  palms.  Cocos  is  said  to  be  contracted  from 
(P.)  miicocn  or  mticdio,  'a  monkey,'  the  tliree 
holes  at  the  end  of  the  cocoa-nut  shell  causing 
it  to  resemble  somewhat  a  monkey's  head. 

Cocos  Nucif'kra,  Palina  cocos,  (P.)  Cocotier. 
Order,  Palmar.  The  systematic  name  of  the 
plant  whose  fruit  is  the  cocoa-nut.  (F.)  Coco. 
It  is  an  agreeable  kernel,  but  not  easy  of  diges- 
tion. Kmnlsionii,  or<je(it,  <tc.,  are  made  from  it. 
The  juice  of  the  cocoa.  Toddy,  when  fermented, 
forms  wine,  and  arrack  is  distilled  from  it.  The 
expressed  oil — Coco-oleiu — has  been  found  almost 
as  efficacious  as  cod-liver  oil  in  tuberculosis. 

COCOTE.  Influenza. 

COCOriEli,  Cocos  nucifera. 

COCOWORT,  Thlaspi  bursa. 

COCTIO.  Coction.  Digestion — c.  Ciborum,  Di- 
gestion— c.  Morbi,  Coction. 

COCTION,  Coc'ti'o,  Pepsis,  Pepan'sis,  Pepas'- 
mos,  Si/i)ii>ep'sia,  Voucoc'tion,  from  coquere,  coc- 
tiim,  'to  boil.'  This  word  has  been  employed  in 
various  senses.  1,  With  the  ancients,  coction 
meant  the  particular  kind  of  alteration  which  the 
food  experiences  in  the  digestive  organs,  particu- 
larly in  the  .«toniach.  It  meant  a  preparation 
from  its  crude  state.  2.  It  expressed  the  mnlu- 
rntion  or  chanse,  which  the  humoral  pathologists 
believed  morbific  matter  experiences  before  elimi- 
nation.  It  was  considered,  that  coction,  Coe'tio 
morbi,  was  produced  during  the  violence  of  the 
disease;  and  hence  this  was  called  Ihe  Period  of 
Coction.     See  lluuiorism. 


COC'YTA,  (F.)  Oocyte,  from  kuikvtos,  'lamen- 
tation.' The  pain  cjiused  by  the  introduction  of 
poison  under  the  skin. — Linnaeus. 

COD,  or  CODS,  Scrotum. 

COD-OfL,  Oleum  jecoris  aselli. 

COD-LIVER  OIL,  Oleum  jecoris  aselli  — c. 
Olein,  see  Oleum  jecoris  aselli. 

CODAGAPALA  BARK,  Nerium  antidysente- 
ricum. 

CODE,  Codex. 

CODEIA,  Codeine. 

COD'EINE.  Code'i'a,  Codei'nnm,Papnveri'nuin, 
from  KuSia,  'a  poppy  head.'  An  alkaloid  disco- 
vered by  Robiquet  in  opium,  in  1832.  It  is 
soluble  in  water,  alcohol  and  ether,  and  unites 
readily  with  acids.  As  a  hypnotic,  Magendie 
thinks  one  grain  of  codeia  equal  to  half  a  grain 
of  morphia.  The  muriate  of  codeia  appears  to 
be  stronger  than  the  pure  codeia. 

CODE.-^ELLA,  Anthrax. 

CODEX.  A  collection  of  laws.  (F.)  Code. 
By  extension,  a  collection  of  approved  medical 
formulae,  with  the  processes  necessary  for  form- 
ing the  compounds  referred  to  in  it.  The  Pari- 
sian Pharmacopoeia  is  styled  Codex  medicamen- 
ta'rius. 

CoDEX  Medicamentarius,  Pharmac9poeia,  see 
Codex. 

CODIA,  Papaver  (capsule.) 

CODOCELE.  Bubo. 

CODOSCELLA,  Bubo. 

C(ECAL,  Cseeal. 

CCECITAS.  Ciecitas. 

CffiCUM,  Cacum. 

COEFFE,  Caul. 

Cffi'LIA,  Kot\ta,  KoiXr],  'a  hollow  place.'  This 
word  generally  meant  a  cavity  in  the  body : — the 
abdomen,  in  particular.  It  has  also  been  used 
for  the  alimentary  canal,  <fcc. :  —  avta  xotXia,  'the 
stomach,'  kutu  koiXiu,  '  the  abdomen.'  Also,  aa 
alvine  evacuation  ;  excrement. 

CQiI'LIAC,  Ccc'liacus,  O'astrocoe'liacut,  Gaetro- 
cce'licus,  (F.)  Coeliaque  ou  Celiaque,  from  KoiXta, 
'  the  cavity  of  the  abdomen.'  Relating  to  the 
cavity  of  the  abdomen. 

C(EL1AC  AnTEuy,  Arte'ria  Coe'liaca,  Cwliao 
axis,  Artere  ojiistoijiistrique,  (Ch.)  A.  Coelinque, 
Tronc  caUnqne,  Trepied  de  la  cceliaque,  is  situate 
above  the  pancreas,  and  behind  the  upper  i)art 
of  the  stomach.  It  arises  from  the  anterior  part 
of  the  abdominal  aorta,  where  it  passes  between 
the  pillars  of  the  diaphragm,  and  soon  divides 
into  the  coronaria  ventriculi,  hepatic,  and  splenic 
arteries. 

CcELlAC  Flux,  Coeliac  Passion,  Caeliaca  cliylo'- 
sa,  Diarrhoe'a  chylo'sa  seu  chymo'sa,  Fluxus  chy- 
lo'sns  seu  caeliocus,  Passio  coeliaca  seu  Ventricu- 
lo'sa,  Chymoche.'zia,  Fluor  alius  intestino'rum, 
Chylorrlne'a,  C/iyniorrfne'a,  Cccliaca  lac'tea.  Mor- 
bus coeliacus,  Chylodiarrhoe'a,  Galiictodiarrhop'a, 
Sedes  lactescen'tes,  Gastrorrhue'a,  (F.)  Flux  ccell- 
aque.  A  species  of  diarrhoea,  in  which  the  food 
is  discharged  by  the  bowels  in  an  undigested 
condition.  By  some,  defined  to  be  diarrhoea  at- 
tended with  discharges  of  chyle  or  chyme.  It  is, 
in  general,  symptomatic  of  tubercular  disease  of 
the  mesenteric  glands.     See  Lientery. 

CcELiAC  Passion,  Coeliac  flux. 

CcELiAC  Plexus,  Solar  Plexus,  Plexus  mesen- 
ter'ii  prn'prius  et  max'imus,  P.  gnnijlifor'mis 
semilnna'ris,  (F.)  Plexus  median  ou  opistogas- 
triqne,  (Ch.),  PI.  Coeliac  ou  snlaire.  Ganglion  de 
Vieussens,  is  formed  of  numerous  nervous  fila- 
ments, which  proceed  from  the  semilunar  ganglia 
of  the  great  sympathetic.  It  is  strengthened  by 
several  branches  of  the  right  and  left  pneurao- 
gastric  nerves;  is  seated  around  the  trunk  of 
the  coeliac  artery,  behind  the  stomach,  and  fur- 
nishes   the  secondary  plexuses  —  the  diaphrag- 


CCELIACA 


220 


COHOSH 


'/nat!c,  coronary  of  the  stomach,  splenic  and  he- 
patic, which  accompany  the  arteries  of  the  same 
name. 

CCE'LIACA,  from  koiXioko;,  'caliac'  Diseases 
of  the  digestive  organs ;  the  1st  class  in  Good's 
Nosology.  It  comprises  two  orders,  Enterica  and 
Sf}lanch»ica.  Also,  medicines  that  act  on  the 
digestive  organs. — Pereira. 

CcELiACA  Chylosa,  Ca'liac  flux  —  c.  Lactea, 
Coeliac  flux  —  c.  Renalis,  Chyluria — c.  Urinalis, 
Chvluria. 

CGELIADELPH'US,  from  coelia,  and  ah\<poi, 
'brother.'  AnocoeliadeJph' us.  A  double  mon- 
ster, in  which  the  two  bodies  are  united  at  the 
alidoinen. 

CCELIyE'MIA,  HypercB'mia  ahdom'inis,  Con- 
ffen'tio  cibdinninn'lis,  from  x-oiXia,  'abdomen,'  and 
'«i//a,  'blood.'  Hypersemia  or  congestion  of  the 
bldod-vessels  of  the  abdomen. 

CCE'LIAGRA,  Gastri'tin  seu  Ehteri'tis  seu  Col'- 
iea  seu  Diarrhoe'a  arthrit' ica.  Gout  of  the  ab- 
domen. 

C(ELIALGIA,  Tormina. 

C(ELIAQUE,  THE  PIED  BE  LA,  Coeliac 
artery. 

CCELIOCELE,  see  Hernia,  hypogastric. 

CCELIOCHYSIS,  Ascites. 

CCELIOCYESIS,  Pregnancy,  abdominal. 

cq':liodynia,  CoHc. 

CGELIOLYSIA,  Diarrhoea. 

CCELION'CUS,  Cwliophy' ma,  from  KoiXia,  'the 
abdomen,'  and  oj/xoj,  'a  tumour.'  A  tumour  of 
the  abdomen. 

CCELIOPHYMA,  Coelioncus. 

CCELIOPHY'MATA,  Tnber'cula  peritonei;'), 
from  KoiXia,  'the  cavity  of  the  abdomen,'  and 
(pviia,  *a  hard  tumour.'  Tubercles  of  the  perito- 
neum. 

CrELIOPSOPHIA,  Borborygmus. 

CCELIOPYO'SIS,  from  KotXia,  '  the  abdomen,' 
and  KiKaaii,  'suppuration.'  Suppuration  of  the 
abdomen  or  its  parietes. 

CCELIORRHCEA,  Diarrhoea. 

CCELIORRHEU'MA,  Rheumatis'mus  ahdom'- 
inis, from  KotXta,  'the  abdomen,'  and  ptvjia,  '  de- 
flnxion,  rheumatism.'  Rheumatism  of  the  mus- 
cles of  the  abdomen. 

C(ELIOSPAS'MUS,  from  KoiXia,  'abdomen/ 
and  oTTaanoi,  'spasm.'  Spasm  or  cramp  of  the 
aljdomen. 

CCELO'MA,  from  xoiXof,  'hollow.'  A  round 
uli'er  of  the  cornea,  broader  and  deeper  than  that 
described  under  the  name  Bothrion. 

Ca:LON,  Cavity. 

C(ELOPHLEBrTIS,from/co<Xo;, 'cavus,'0X£if, 
diXtjSof,  'a  vein,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  vena  cava. 

C(ELOPHTHAL'MUS,  from  «o,Xof,  'hollow,' 
and  oipBaXfioi,  'eye.'     One  who  is  hollow-eyed. 

C(ELOSTOM'IA,  from  KoiXoi,  'hollow,'  and 
ariifia,  'mouth.'  A  defect  in  speaking,  when  the 
voice  seems  as  if  it  came  from  a  cavern; — that  is, 
obscure,  and  as  if  at  a  distance. 

CCELOS'TOMUS,  same  etymon.  One  who  has 
a  hollow  voice. 

CfELOTES,  Cavity. 

ClEN^ADELPH'US,  from  koivo^,  'common,' and 
a&cXiboi,  'brother.'  A  double  monster,  the  two 
p(irlions  having,  in  common,  one  or  more  organs 
indispensable  to  life. 

C(EXxESTHE'SIS,  from  Koivoi,  'common,' and 
ut<r5j)<rij,  'feeling.'  ConcBfithe'nis,  (F.)  Cenesthesie. 
Common  feeling.  Some  German  writers  mean, 
by  this,  a  sixth  sense.  It  is  the  feeling  of  self- 
existence  or  individuality,  and  is  manifested  by 
the  sense  of  buoyancy  or  depression,  which  we 
experience  without  any  known  cause  ; — by  invol- 
untary shuddering,  feeling  of  chill  or  glow,  <tc. 


CCENOLOGTA,  Consultation. 

COi'NOTES,  Koivorris,  'commonness,'  from 
Koivo?,  'common.'  The  physicians  of  the  metho- 
dic sect  asserted,  that  all  diseases  arise  from  re- 
laxutivn,  stricture,  or  a  mixture  of  both.  These 
were  called  Ccenotes :  or  what  diseases  have  in 
common. 

COKTUS,  Coition. 

CCEUR,  Heart. 

COF'FEA  ARAB'ICA,  C.  vnlga'ris,  Jan'mimm 
Arah'icum,  (F.)  Cafier,  Cafeier,  and  Ca/Syer, 
Order,  Rubiaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Jlono- 
gynia.  The  plant  which  affords  coffee,  Chonva, 
Bon,  Buna,  (F.)  Cafe.     Originally  from  Yemen. 

The  infusion  of  coffee  is  an  agreeable  and 
wholesome  article  of  diet.  It  is,  to  a  certain  ex- 
tent, a  tonic,  and  is  employed  as  such  in  conva- 
lescence, especially  from  fevers,  Ac.  In  cases 
of  poisoning  by  opium,  and  in  old  asthmas,  its 
use  has  been  extolled.  For  this  purpose  the 
31<>ka  is  the  best.  It  ought  to  be  newly  torrefied, 
but  not  too  much  burnt;  should  be  strong,  and 
drunk  soon  after  grinding. 

A  highly  azoted  alkaloid  was  first  found  in  oof- 
fee,  and  called  Cafein  or  Caffein.  It  was  after- 
wards discovered  in  the  leaves  of  the  tea  plant, 
and  called  Thcin,  and  in  the  Guarana  of  Brazil, 
and  called  Gnaranin.  In  doses  of  from  2  to  10 
grains,  it  induces  violent  nervous  and  vascular 
excitement.  Caffein — as  well  as  its  various  salts 
— the  citrate,  lactate,  malate,  and  muriate,  have 
been  given  as  an  antiperiodic  in  grain  doses. 

Factitious  Coffees  have  been,  from  time  to  time, 
recommended,  but  they  are  infinitely  inferior  to 
the  genuine.  Various  substitutes  have  been  pro- 
posed ;  wheat,  barley,  hollyberrics,  acorns,  siin- 
fower  seeds,  beech-mast,  peas,  beans,  succory-root, 
seeds  of  gooseberries  and  currants  left  in  making 
wine,  and  washed,  —  sliced  turnips,  &c.  These 
have  been  roasted,  with  the  addition  of  a  little 
butter  or  oil :  but  they  have  not  the  aroma  of 
coffee.  The  best  substitute  is  said  to  be  the  seeds 
of  the  Yellotc  water  flag,  Gladiolus  luteus  OT  Iris 
psendacorus. 

Hunt's  CEconomical  Breahfast  Powder  con- 
sisted of  rye,  roasted  with  a  little  butter. 

COFFEE-BEAN  TREE,  KENTUCKY,  Gym- 
nocladus  Canadensis. 

COFFEE-TREE,  Gymnocladus  Canadensis. 

COFFEE,  WILD,  Trioeteum. 

COGNASSIER,  Pyrus  cyd6nia. 

COGNITIO  PHYSIOLOGICA,  Physiology 

COHABITATIO,  Coition. 

COHABITA'TION,  Cohabita'tio,  from  cum, 
'with,'  and  habitare,  'to  dwell.'  The  act  of 
dwelling  together.  In  legal  medicine,  it  means 
the  consummation  of  marriage. — Copulation. 

COHE'SION,  CohcBsio,  from  co,  and  hmrere, 
'to  stick.'  Vis  cohfBsio'nis  seu  adhasio'nis  seu 
attractio'nis.  Force  of  cohe'sion,  Attraction  of  co- 
hesion or  of  aggrega'tion,  is  that  force  in  the  par- 
ticles of  matter,  whereby  they  are  connected  in 
such  a  way  as  to  resist  any  attempt  towards  their 
removal  or  separation.  This  force  has  to  be  at- 
tended to,  in  the  management  of  disease.  Emol- 
lients, rubbed  into  a  part,  act  by  diminishing  the 
cohesion. 

COHIBENS,  Epischeticus. 

COHOBA'TION,  Cohoba'tio,  Coho'hium,  Co'- 
hob,  Co'hoph.  Distillation  of  a  liquid  —  already 
distilled — on  the  same  substances.  When  this  is 
repeated  three  or  four  times,  it  is  called  liecuho' 
ba'tion, 

COHOL.  Synonym  of  Alcohol.  Also,  a  dry 
colly  rium. — Avicenna. 

COHOSH,  Actsea  raeemosa,  Caulophyllum 
thalictroides  —  c.  Black,  Actaea  raeemosa  —  c. 
Blue,  Caulophyllum  thalyctroides — c.  Blueberry, 


COHUSH 


221 


COLIC 


Caulophylluin  thalictro'ides — c.  Red,  Actsea  rubra 
— c.  Whito,  Acticii  nlba. 

COIIUSH,  Ciiulophyllum  thalictroides. 

COIFFK,  Caul. 

COKiX,  see  Pyrus  cydonia. 

COir.XASSIER,  Pyrus  cydonia. 

COINCIDEX'TIA,  from  co,  and  incido  {in,  and 
cndd).  'to  Call  or  happen.'  Some  authors  have 
translated,  by  this  term,  the  word  paremjjto'dis, 
used  by  Galen  to  desij;nate  the  occlusion  of  the 
foramen  opticum  by  a  humour,  proceeding  from 
the  base  of  the  brain,  and  occasioning  blindness  ! 
— Castelii. 

COLV'DICANT,  Coin'dicans,  from  co,  and 
indico,  '  I  indicate.' 

CoiN'niCANT  Signs  are  those  which  furnish  the 
same  indications;  or  which  confirm  the  indica- 
tion afforded  by  another  sign — avvtuouKwaeva. 

CO  III  A,  Catechu. 

CO  IRAS,  Scrofula. 

COfT,  Coition. 

COIT"ION,  Co'ituf,  Cn'ettis,  from  coeo,  (eo, 
and  eo,  'to  go,')  'to  go  together.'  Oo'itiire,  Cop- 
uln'tlon,  Copida'tio,  Cojy'ula  Cnrna'lia,  Apfiro- 
di's'ia,  AphrddininHin'ns,  Epip'lnce,  Acces'sua,  Ba- 
sia'tio,  Antple.rn'tio,  Aiiiph.r'us,  Conven'tue,  Com- 
plex'io,  Cniiju'ijium,  Aijt//utiiia'tio,  Lagne'a,  Lik/- 
ncu'mii,  Ijiitjnei'n,  Mixia,  Pernn's'tio,  Permix'tio, 
iSi/iidi/as'miii',  Si/nu'aia,  Conc\i'hitus,  Congreii'sua, 
Cohaliita'tio,  Veniia,  Rea  Vene'rea,  Concu'bitua 
veiie'reiia,  Pra'Uum,  DueW um  vene'reiim,  Noc- 
tnr'ntt  be/la,  Coitcil'i'a  corpora' /in,  Homil'ia,  Vert'- 
ery.  Sexual  iiiterconrae,  (F.)  Coit,  Approche,  Ac- 
couplemeut.     The  carnal  union  of  the  sexes. 

COITURE,  Coitus. 

COITUS,  Coition — c.  Difficilis,  Dyssynodus — c. 
Sodomiticus,  Buggery. 

COL,  Colhun — e.  de  la  Blatrice,  Collum  uteri — 
C.  Uterin,  Collum  uteri. 

COLA,  Articulation. 

COLATIO,  see  Colatura. 

COIiATO'RIUM,  IhjUster,  from  colare,  'to 
strain.'  A  strainer  of  any  kind.  (F.)  Couloir. 
A  term  by  which  the  ancient  physicians  described 
every  canal  or  conduit  through  which  the  excre- 
mentitious  humours  of  the  body  are  evacuated. 
Ulcers,  fistubc,  setons,  caustics,  &c.,  have  been 
called  nrtificial  or  accidental  Colatoria,  because 
they  were  considered  to  be  passages  by  which 
the  animal  economy  is  freed  from  some  morbific 
matter. 

COLATUM,  see  Colatura. 

COLATU'RA,  from  colare,  'to  strain.'  Cola'- 
tnm,  (F.)  Cohitiire.  A  filtered  or  strained  liquor. 
It  likewise  means  straining  a  liquid, —  Cola'tio, 
Dil/'linia,  /)/////s'm»»,  Hi/'liais,  Hi/h'x'nnia. 

COL'CIIESTER,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Aqua  Colceatrcn'aia.  The  waters  of  Colchester 
are  of  the  bitter  purging  kind,  similar  to  those 
of  Epsom. 

COLClIIcrA,  see  Colchicum  autumnale. 

COL'ClirCUM,  from  Colchia,  in  Asia,  where 
it  is  said  to  have  been  common.  Colchicum  au- 
tumnale. 

Colchicum  Autcmna'le,  from  the  country 
Colchis.  Col'chieum,  Coum,  Meadow  Saffron, 
(P.)  Colchi(/uc,  Tiie-chicn,  Jfort  aiix  chiena,  Sa- 
fran  dea  pre»  ou  batard,  Xarcisae  d'niitomne,  Vlcl- 
lolte.  Xat.  Ord.  Colchicaceae.  Class,  Hexandria. 
Order,  IMonogynia.  The  bulb  or  root  (Bidbtia 
seu  Radix  sen  Cormus),  and  the  seeds,  Col'chici 
semen,  are  the  parts  used  in  medicine.  The  taste 
is  acriil,  excoriating  the  mouth  ;  but  the  acrimony 
is  lost  by  drying.  It  i.s  narcotic,  diuretic,  and 
cathartic  ;  and  has  been  given  in  dropsy,  gout, 
and  rheumatism.  Dose,  gr.  j  to  vj  of  the  fresh 
bulb.  It  is  supposed  to  be  the  active  ingredient 
of   the    Eau    medivinale    d'llusson.     The    active 


principle  is  called  Colchie/'ia.  Colchicum,  in  an 
over-dose,  is  an  acro-narcotic  poison. 

Dr.  Wilaon's  Tincture  for  the  Gout  is  said  to  be 
merely  an  infusion  of  Colchicum,  or  Cul'chicin. 

Colchicum  Zkylanicum,  Kampferia  rotunda. 

COLCHIQUE,  Colchicum  autumnale. 

COL'COTHAR,  C.  Vitrioli,  Henri'cus  nibena, 
Chalci'tia,  JJroicn  red.  Rouge,  Crocus,  Oxiduin 
Ferri  rubnun,  Tritox'ydum  Ferri,  Sulphas  Ferri 
calciun'tum,  Ferrum  vitriola'tum  iiatuin,  Terra 
vitri(di  dulcia.  Crocus  martia  vitriula'tua  seu  ad. 
atrin'gena,  (F.)  Rouge  d'Augleterre  ou  de  Pruaee, 
Safran  de  Mara  aatringent.  The  red  oxide  of 
iron,  obtained  by  calcining  sulphate  of  iron  to 
redness,  with  or  without  the  contact  of  air.  It 
possesses  the  general  properties  of  the  prepara- 
tions of  iron,  and  has  been  applied  to  staunch 
blood,  Ac. 

COLD,  (Sax.)  coltj,  Frigua,  Psychoa,  (F.)  Froid. 
The  sensation  produced  by  the  abstraction  of 
caloric  from  our  organs, — Cheima,  Chimon.  See 
Heat. 

Three  degrees  of  cold  are  generally  distin- 
guished in  disease.  1.  The  simple  feeling  of  cold 
(Algor),  2.  Chiliineaa  {Horror),  and  3.  Shivering 
{Rigor).  Cold  is  employed  in  medicine,  chiefly, 
as  a  refrigerant  and  sedative. 

Cold  is,  also,  used  for  a  morbid  afifection  in- 
duced by  cold.  'To  take  cold,'  (F.)  a'enrhumer, 
is  to  be  affected  by  a  disease  presumed  to  be 
caused  by  cold.     See  Catarrh  and  Coryza. 

Cold-chill,  Intermittent  fever. 

Cold  ix  the  Eyk,  Ophthalmia,  catarrhal — c. 
in  the  Head,  Coryza. 

COLEITIS,  Colposis. 

COLEOCELE,  see  Hernia. 

COLE(EDEMA,  Elvtroedema. 

COLEOPTOSIS,  Prolapsus  vaginse. 

COLEORRIIEX'IS,  from  ;:^oA£Of,  'a  vagina  or 
sheath,' and  pi?|i5, 'rupture.'  Laceration  or  rup- 
ture of  the  vagina. 

COLEOSITIS,  Leueorrhoea. 

COLEOSTEGXO'SIS,  Colpoategno'aia,  Colpos- 
tenochor'ia,  Colposynize'ais,  from  ■)(o},cos,  'a  va- 
gina or  sheath,'  and  anyvwai;,  '  constriction.' 
Narrowness  of  the  vagina,  natural  or  acquired. 

COLERE,  R.age. 

COLES,  Penis — c.  Feminarum,  Clitoris. 

COLE  US,  Vagina. 

CO  LI  BERT,  Cagot. 

COLIC,  Co'licua,  from  (cwXoi',  'the  colon.'  (F.) 
Colique.     Relating  to  the  colon. 

Colic  Arteries,  Arte'ria  coUccn,  (F.)  Arterea 
Coliques,  are  six  in  number,  three  of  which,  given 
off  by  the  auperior  mesenteric,  are  called  ColiccB 
dextr(p ;  and  three,  proceeding  from  the  inferior 
mesenteric,  Colicop  ainia'tra:.  All  proceed  towards 
the  colon,  passing  between  the  two  lamina;  of  the 
peritoneum,  which  form  the  mesocolon,  where 
they  ramify  and  anastomose  with  each  other. 
The  first,  Ctdicn  dextra.  Ramus  colica  dexter,  is 
called  C.  dextra  superior,  {Meao-colique,  —  Ch.) 
The  second,  C.  dextra  media,  Colica  media.  Ra- 
mus colicua  medius,  Arteria  media  anaatomot'ica, 
{C.  droite,  Ch.,)  and  the  third,  C.  dextra  infe'rior 
or  Ilco-colica,  {A.  ccBcale,  —  Ch.)  Of  the  three 
ColiccB  ainiatrce,  the  first  or  auperior  is  called,  by 
Chaussier,  Colica  magna  ainls'tra ;  the  second  or 
media  is  not  distinguished  from  the  preceding,  as 
they  often  arise  from  a  common  trunk;  and  the 
third  is  called  bj'  Chaussier  Colica  parra  sinia'. 
tra.  To  these  arteries  as  manj'  veins  correspond, 
which  open  into  the  great  and  little  mesenteric. 

Colic  Lobe  op  the  Liver  is  the  great  lobe  of 
that  organ. 

Colic,  Co'lica,  C.  Passio,  Colice,  Colicodyn'- 
ia,  C(ellodyn'ia,  Bolo'res  intestino'rum.  Dolor 
co'licus,  Dysenteronerv'ia,  EnteraVgia,  Gripea, 
Mulligrubs,  Bellyache,  (Sc.)  Bellythra,  Weam-ill, 


COLICA  ACCIDENTALIS 


COLICA  UTERINA 


(Prov.)  Belli/harm,  Belhjwark,  Gnllion.  In  its 
etymological  acceptation,  Colic  signifies  an  affec- 
tion or  pain  in  tlie  colon.  But  it  is  employed  in 
a  more  extensive  signification.  It  includes  every 
acute  pain  of  the  abdomen,  aggravated  at  inter- 
vals. The  word  has  often,  however,  epithets 
aflS.xed  to  it,  which  render  it  more  or  less  precise. 
See  Tormina. 

Colic,  Bilious,  Colica  biliosa — c.  Crapulent, 
Colica  crapulosa — c.  Devonshire,  Colica  metallieu 
— e.  Horn,  Priapismus — c.  Lead,  Colica  metallica 

—  c.  Madrid,  Colica  Madridensis  —  c.  Menstrual, 
Colica  menstrualis  —  c.  Metallic,  Colica  metallica 
— c.  Nephretic,  Colica  nephretica — c.  Normandy, 
Colica  metallica  —  c.   Painters',   Colica  metallica 

—  e.  Plumbers',  Colica  metallica  —  c.  of  Poitou, 
Colica  metallica  —  c.  of  Prostitutes,  Colica  scor- 
torum — c.  Renjil,  Colica  nephretica — c.  Saturnine, 
Colica  metallica — c.  Root,  Aletris — c.  of  Surinam, 
Colica  metallica — c.  Uterine,  Colica  uterina — c. 
Vegetable,  Colica  metallica — c.  Weed,  Dicentra 
Canadensis — c.  Worm,  Colica  vcrrainosa. 

COLICA  ACCIDENTALIS,  Colica  crapulosa 
— c.  Acuta,  Enteritis — c.  Arthritica,  Coeliagra. 

Co'lica  BiLlo'sA,  Bil'iotis  Colic,  (F.)  Uolique 
Bilieime.  Colic,  occasioned  by  an  accumulation 
of  bile  in  the  intestines  or  in  its  own  passages. 
The  treatment  required  resembles  that  proper  for 
Colica  convulsiva. 

Colica  Callo'sa.  Colic  attended  with  sense 
of  stricture  in  some  parts  of  the  intestinal  eanal ; 
often  of  flatulency  and  pain  ;  the  flatulency  gra- 
dually passing  off  by  the  stricture;  the  bowels 
tardy  ;  and  at  length  discharging  small  liquid 
stools. 

Colica  Convulsi'va,  C.  Spanmod'ica  seu  pi- 
tuito'sa  seu  nervo'sa  seu  idinpath'icn,  Entero- 
eprisiii'us.  Colic,  not  the  symptom  of  any  other 
affection.  It  is  characterized  by  griping  pain  in 
the  bowels,  chiefly  about  the  navel,  with  vomit- 
ing and  costivenoss — the  pain  increasing  at  in- 
tervals. The  indications  are  to  clear  the  intes- 
tines, and  allay  spasm.  Calomel  and  opium  — 
castor  oil  and  opium — •emollient  and  cathartic 
enemata,  with  fomentations,  wet  or  dry,  to  the 
abdomen,  usually  succeed. 

Colica  Crapulo'sa.  O.  accidenta'h'8  seu  hel- 
luo'num,  Crnp'ideiit  colic,  Sio-feif,  Colic  from  over- 
eatinij,  (F.)  Coliqiie  d' Iru/ir/estioii.  A  colic,  ari- 
sing from  eating  indigestible  aliments,  or  digest- 
ible aliments  in  too  great  abundance.  The  remedy 
is  obvious. 

Colica  Damnoniorfm,  Colic,  metallic — c.  Fe- 
bricosa,  Colica  inflammatoria — -c.  Figulorum,  Co- 
lica metallica. 

Colica  Flatulen'ta,  Infa'tin,  Gnstrodyn'ia 
flatiden'ta,  PhysospdH'mwt,  Pneumoto'sis  enter'- 
iea,  (F.)  Colique  Jintidoite  ou  Jlotnenne  ou  ven- 
feune.  Colic,  arising  from  an  accumulation  of  air 
in  the  intestines.  It  is  very  common  in  infants, 
and  may  be  relieved  by  aromatics,  especially 
when  combined  with  antacids — for  example,  oil 
of  aniseed  with  magnesia. 

CoMCA  Hklluonmm,  Colica  crapulosa. 

Colica  IIemorrhoida'lis,  Hemorrhoid' al  Co- 
lic, (F.)  Colique  himorrho'idale.  A  kind  of  colic, 
supposed  to  precede  hemorrhoids  or  to  supervene 
on  their  suppression. 

Colica  Hepat'ica,  Hepntal'gin,  Hepntalgia 
Ctdcido'sa,  Hepat'ic  colic,  (F.)  Colique  hfpatique. 
Pain  in  the  region  of  the  liver,  chiefly  about  the 
gall-bladder,  occasioned  by  the  passing  of  a 
biliary  calculus  through  the  cystic  and  choledoch 
ducts. 

Colica  Idiopathica,  Colica  convulsiva  —  c. 
Ileus,  Ileus. 

Colica  Inflammato'ria,  C.  Phloqis'tica  seu 
plethor'icn  seu  fcbrico'nn  seu  puhat'ilia,  Injlam'- 
malorij  colic.    The  same  as  enteritis. 


Colica  Lapponica,  see  Seta  equina — c.  Loclii. 
alis,  Dyslochia — c.  Madridensis,  Colic  of  Madrid 
— c.  Nervosa,  Colica  convulsiva,  C(dic,  metallic — 
c.  Phlogistica,  Colic-.i  inflammatoria. 

Colica  MAORinEN'sis,  Colic  of  Jfadrtd,  Ma. 
drid  Colic.  A  species  of  colic,  endemic  in  se- 
veral provinces  of  Spain,  whose  nature  is  not 
clear.  Its  symptoms  resemble  those  occasioned 
by  lead.     See  Colica  metallica. 

Colica  Misnsthua'lis,  Jlfcii'stnial  Colic,  (F.) 
Colique  menjitruelle.  Colic,  which  precedes  or 
accompanies  the  menstrual  evacuation,  or  which 
is  owing  to  the  suppression  of  that  evacuation. 

Colica  Metal'lica,  Metol'lic  Colic,  Paiiiien' 
Colic,  C(dic  of  Poitou,  Colic  of  Surinam',  Bellon, 
Dev'onnhire  Colic,  Dry  Bellyache,  Dry  Gripes. 
Saturnine  Colic,  Lend  Colic,  Plumbers'  Colic, 
Rachial'qia,  R.  Pic'tonnm  seu  Pictavien'nium, 
Morbus  Metal'licus,  Colicople'gin,  Colica  Kachial'- 
f/ia  seu  Damno)iio'rnm  seu  Plumhario'rum  sen 
Pic'tonnm  seu  Satnrni'na  seu  Fignlo'rum  seu 
nervo'sa  seu  Picto'rum  seu  sicca,  Paral'i/eis  ra- 
chialgia,  Palmua  Plumba'riua,  Molybdoco'lica, 
(F.)  DysentSronervie  Saturnine,  Colique  de  Poi~ 
ton  ou  veyetale  ou  des  peintres  ou  de  plomh  ou 
metallique  ou  Saturnine  ou  des  barhouilleurs  ou 
seche.  Under  this  head  is  generally  described 
the  colic  produced  by  lead,  as  well  as  the  other 
colics  mentioned  in  the  synonymy;  and  they  cer- 
tainly resemble  each  other  greatly,  although 
some  of  them  are  more  like  bilious  colic.  There 
is  not  much  to  distinguish  this  variety  of  colic 
from  others.  The  same  violent  pain  about  the 
navel  is  present,  with  retraction  of  the  abdomen 
towards  the  spine.  It  is  apt  also  to  occasion 
palsy.  The  only  difference  of  treatment  is  in 
the  necessity  for  employing  more  opium  along 
with  the  purgative.  The  paralytic  sequela;  must 
be  treated  by  change  of  air,  rubbing  the  spine, 
exercise,  <fec.  Treating  the  disease  upon  geneial 
principles  is  infinitely  more  philosophical,  and 
more  successful  than  the  former  empirical  man- 
agement at  La  Charite,  Paris,  which  it  is  unne- 
cessary to  detail. 

The  Colic  of  3Iadrid,  Poitou,  Devonshire,  Nor- 
mandy,  &c.,  has  been  called  vegetable  colic,  (F.) 
Colique  vegeiale,  because  ascribed  to  the  use  of 
new  wine  or  cider,  unripe  fruit,  &c.,  although 
really,  perhaps,  owing  to  the  adulteration  of 
wines  and  cider  by  litharge.  All  the  symptoms, 
indeed,  are  those  of  Colica  metallica. 

Colica  Nephret'ica,  Nephroco'Uca,  Co'lica 
rena'lis,  Nephret'ic  or  Renal  Colic,  (F.)  Coliqne 
Nephrilique.  Acute  pains,  which  accompany 
nephritis,  and  especially  calculous  nephritis,  or 
the  passage  of  a  calculus  into  the  ureter. 

Colica  Pictonum,  Colica  metallica — c.  Picto- 
rum,  Colica  metallica— c.  Pituitosa,  Colica  convul- 
siva—  c.  Plethorica,  Colica  inflammatoria  —  c. 
Plumbariorura,  Colica  metallica  —  c.  Pulsatilis, 
Colic,  inflammatory  —  c.  Rachialgia,  Colica  me- 
tallica— c.  Renalis,  Colica  nephretica — c.  Satur- 
nina,  Colica  metallica. 

Colica  Scorto'uum,  Colic  of  Pros'titutes.  A 
form  of  colic  said,  by  Dr.  Martin  Hassing,  of  Co- 
penhagen, to  have  been  frequently  observed  by 
him  amongst  that  unfortunate  class  of  beings.  It 
may  well  be  doubted  whether  any  special  affec- 
tion of  the  kind  appertains  to  them. 

Colica  Sicca,  C.  metallica  — c.  Spasmodica, 
Colica  convulsiva.  Ileus. 

Colica  Sterco'rea,  Colica  Stipa'ta,  Stercorn'- 
ceous  Colic,  (F.)  Colique  stercorals  A  species 
of  colic,  ascribed  to  the  retention  of  facal  mat- 
ters in  the  intestines.  The  retention  is  itself, 
however,  an  effect,  that  may  be  caused  in  the 
same  manner  as  the  colic  pains  themselves. 

Colica  Stipata,  Colica  stercorea. 

Colica    Uteri'na,    Hys'tero-co'lica,    U'lerine 


COLICODYNIA 


22  3 


COLLOID 


Oolic,  (F.)  Colique  vtirine.  Pain  seated  in  the 
uterus,  soinetiines  called  HijHteral'ijia. 
CoLicA  Vkntuiculi,  Cardialgia. 
COLICA  Vkr.mino'sa,  Ihlmiiithoco'Ucn,  Worm 
Colic,  (F.)  Colique  vermineuse.  Abdominal  pain, 
occasioned  by  the  presence  of  worms  in  the  in- 
testines. 

COLICODYNIA,  Colica. 
COLICOPLEGIA,  Colic,  metallic. 
COLl.UACOiV,  Helix  pomatia,  Liraax. 

COLIQUE,  Colic — c.  dea  liarhouHlenrH,  Colica 
mctallica — c.  Hepatique,  Colica  hepatica — c.  d' In- 
(lifjeition,  Colica  crnpulosa — c.  MetaUiqne,  Colica 
mctallica  —  c.  de  Miserere,  Ileus  —  c.  de  Miii6ri- 
corde,  Ileus  —  c.  des  Pelntres,  Colica  metallica  — 
c.  de  Plumb,  Colica  metallica — c.  de  Poitou,  Colica 
metallica  —  c.  Sntnrniue,  Colica  metallica  —  c. 
Siifhe,  Colica  metallica  —  c.  Vfijetale,  Colica  me- 
tallica— c.  Venteuae,  Colica  flatulenta. 

COLIQUES,  Pains,  (after.) 

COIil'TLS,  from  kiAov,  'the  colon,'  and  itis, 
denoting  inflammation;  Coloiii'tis,  Enteri'tia  co'- 
lic<i,  (F.)  Injlammation  dn  colon.  Inflammation 
of  the  peritoneal  or  mucous  membrane  of  the 
colon.  The  former  is  termed  Serocnli'tia,  and 
E.rnciili'tis ;  the  V^iiiQT,  EndocolitiHWuA  Dyaenlery. 

COLIX,  Trochiscus. 

COLLA  PISCIUM,  IchthycoUa. 

COLLAPSE,  Collapsus  —  c.  of  the  Lung,  see 
Atelectasis — c.  Pulmonary,  see  Atelectasis. 

COLLAP'SUS,  Collapse,  Conciden'thi  ;  from 
color  cum,  'with,'  and  labor,  lapsus,  'to  fall.'  (F.) 
Affnisacment.  A  complete  prostration  of  strength, 
either  at  the  commencement  or  in  the  progress 
of  a  disease. 

COLLAR-BONE,  Clavicle. 

COLLARD,  Dracontium  fretidum  —  c.  Cow, 
Dracontium  foetidum  —  c.  Polecat,  Dracontium 
foetidum. 

COLLARIUM  SALINUM,  Haloderaeum. 

COLLAT'ERAL,  Collatera'lls,  (F.)  CoUate'ral, 
from  col,  'with,'  and  latus,  'side.'  That  which 
accompanies  or  proceeds  by  the  side  of  another. 

Collat'rral  Ar'tekiks  op  tiih  Arm,  Arte'riai 
Colldlcrii'les  Bra'chil,  (F.)  Arterea  collaterales  dn 
bras.  They  are  given  off  by  the  brachial,  and 
are  distinguished  into,  1.  The  collateral — superior 
or  exlernnl  (Grandcs  ntiiaculairca  dii  bras — Ch.) 
which  arise  from  the  inner  part  of  the  brachial, 
and  extend  as  far  as  the  inferior  and  external 
part  of  the  arm.  2.  The  collateral —  inferior  or 
internal  [Collaterales  dii  Coude — Ch.)  which  arise 
from  the  brachial,  near  the  elbow-joint,  and  de- 
scend towards  the  upper  part  of  the  fore-arm. 

The  vessels  which  pass  to  the  fingers  and  toes 
are  also  called  collateral. 

Speaking  generally,  collateral  branches  are 
those  which  follow  nearly  the  same  course  as 
the  vessel  whence  they  emanate. 

COLLATERALIS,  Ischio-cavernosus. 

COLLE-CflAIR,  Sarcocolla. 

COLLE  DE  POISSOX,  Ichthyocolla. 

COLLECTION,  Collec'tio,  from  colli,jere,  (col 
and  Iri/o)  'to  gather.'  This  word  is  often  united 
to  the  epithet  purulent,  serous,  &c.,  to  express  a 
yatherinij  of  pus,  serum,  <fec. 

COLLESIS,  Agglutination. 

COLLET  DES  DE.VTS,  see  Tooth. 

COLLETICUS.  Agglutinant. 

COLLEY'S  DEPILATORY,  see  Depilatory. 

COLLIC'I.'E.  Same  etymon  as  Collection. 
'Drains  to  collect  and  convey  away  water.'  See 
GOUTTfEllE.  Union  of  the  ducts  passing  from 
the  puncta  lacrymalia,  Collic"icB  puncto'rum 
laeri/nta'lium. 

COLLICULI  NERVI  ETHMOID  A  LIS,  Cor- 


pora striata  —  c.  Nervorum  opticomm,  Thalami 
nervorum  opticorum — c.  Vaginae,  Nympha;. 
COLLICULUS,  see  Optic  nerve. 

COLLICtJLUS  CaVK.B  PoSTEHIORlS  YeNTRICULO- 

RUM  Lateralium,  Ilippocampus  minor — c.  Semi- 
nalis,  Gallinaginis  caput 

COLLIER  (F.),  A  collar,  from  coUum,  'the 
neck.'  A  name  given  to  certain  eruptions  which 
surround  the  neck  like  a  collar. 

COLLIER  ANODIX,  Necklace,  anodyne. 

COLLIGAMEN,  Ligament. 

COLLIfJATIO,  Syndesmosis. 

COLLINSO'NIA,  C.  Canaden'sissendecnaaa'ta, 
ffurseweed,  Horsebalm,  Richweed,  Richleaf,  Heal- 
all,  Stoneroot,  Knotroot,  Knotweed,  Knobiceed. 
Order,  Labiatae.  Called  after  Peter  Collinson. 
This  indigenous  plant  is  possessed  of  diuretic 
properties,  which  seem  to  reside  in  a  volatile  oil. 
Infusion  is  the  best  form  of  administration.  The 
leaves  in  domestic  practice  are  applied  to  wounda 
and  bruises. 

CoLLiNsoNiA  Decussata,  C.  Canadensis. 

COLLIQUAMEN'TUM,  from  colliqueo,  (col 
and  liquere.)  'I  melt.'  The  first  rudiments  of  an 
embrvo. — Harvev. 

C  d  L  L I  Q  U  A'T ION,  CoUiqua'tio,  Eliqun'tio, 
f>i/nte.c'is,  Ectex'ia,  S'lln'tion,  Diaaolu'tion.  'The 
act  of  melting.'  (F.)  Foule.  The  ancients  meant, 
by  this  term,  the  progressive  diminution  of  the 
solid  parts,  with  copious  excretion  of  liquids  by 
one  or  more  passages.  They  thought,  that  all 
the  solids  melted;  and  that  the  liquids,  and  par- 
ticularly the  blood,  lost  a  portion  of  their  density. 

COLLIQ'UATIVE,  Colliquati'vua,  Colliques'. 
ecus,  from  colliqnescere,  (col  and  liqneo,)  '  to  grow 
liquid.'  (F.)  Colliquatif.  An  epithet  given  to 
various  discharges,  which  produce  rapid  exhaus* 
tion.  Hence  we  say.  Colliquative  sweats,  Colli- 
quative diarrhoea,  &c. 

COLLIQUESCENS,  Colliquative. 

COLLISIO,  Contusion. 

COLLIX,  Trochiscus. 

COLLODES,  Glutinous. 

COLLO'DION,  Collo'dium,  Ethe'real  Solu'tion 
of  Gun-cotton,  Mai/nard's  Adhesive  Liquid;  from 
icoXAo,  'glue.'  A  solution  obtained  by  dissolving 
gun-cotton,  Pi/rox' >jlin,  (F.)  Fulmicoton,  Coton- 
poudre,  Poudre-colon,  Colon  fulminant,  Colon 
azotique,  in  a  mixture  of  rectified  ether  and  alco- 
hol, in  the  proportion  of  about  16  parts  of  the 
former  to  1  of  the  latter.  When  applied  to  a 
part,  the  ether  evaporates,  and  the  solid  adhesive 
material  is  left,  which  contracts.  Hence  it  is 
used  in  cases  of  wounds,  to  keep  their  edges  to- 
gether. It  forms,  also,  a  coating,  and  has  been 
applied  in  abrasions,  and  in  cases  of  burns.  In 
various  chronic  cutaneous  diseases,  it  has  been 
applied  with  advantage  ;  and  has  been  employed 
to  give  a  coating  to  pills,  which  it  deprives  of 
their  taste,  without  interfering  with  their  action. 

Collodion  is  in  the  last  edition  of  the  Ph.  U.  S. 
(18.n.) 

CoLLoniON,  Canthar'idal,  Collo'dium  vesi'cana 
seu  eantharida'le.  Prepared  by  exhausting,  by 
displacement,  a  pound  of  coarsely-powdered  can- 
tharides  with  a  pound  of  sulphuric  ether,  and 
three  ounces  of  acetic  ether.  In  two  ounces  of 
this  saturated  solution  of  cantharides,  twenty-five 
grains  of  gun-cotton  are  dissolved.  By  painting 
the  surface  with  a  little  of  this  solution,  vesica- 
tion is  produced,  as  with  the  plaster  of  can- 
tharides. 

COLLODTIIM,  Collodion— c.  Cantharidale,Col- 
lodion,  cantharidal — c.  Vesicans,  Collodion,  can- 
tharidal. 

COLLOID,  Colloi'des,  from  /coAXa,  'glue,'  and 
etioi,  '  resemblance  ;'  Cancer  alveola' ria,  Carri. 
no'ma  alveola' re,  (F.)  Cancer  alciolaire  ou    Col~ 


COLLOMA 


2  24 


COLON 


loide  ou  GSlntinifnrme,  Cancer  aJveolaire  oil  areo- 
laire  ou  ptiltacS  ou  gomtueiix,  Gelnli'novn  cancer. 
An  epithet  applied  to  a  product  of  morbid  secre- 
tion, resembling  glue,  or  particles  of  jelty  inlaid 
in  a  regular  alveolar  bed.  The  three  species  of 
cancer  nr  carcinoma  are, — Encephaloid,  Scirrhous, 
and  Colloid.     See  Cancer. 

COLLO'MA,  from  KuWa,  'glue.'  A  name  pro- 
posed by  Dr.  Walshe  for  the  gelatiniform  matter, 
which  is  of  common  occurrence  in  cysts.  It  is 
transparent,  amorphous,  and  devoid  of  vessels 
and  nerves. 

COLLONE'MA,  from  Ko^a,  'glue.'  A  pecu- 
liar gelatinous  tumour,  consisting  of  a  remarkably 
Boft  gelatiniform  tissue,  which  trembles  ou  being 
touched. — J.  Miiller. 

COLLOSTRUM,  Colostrum. 

COLLOURION,  Collyrium. 

COLLUM,  Cervix,  Trache'los,  Auchen,  Ned; 
(Prov.)  H<u,<ie,  Hoxe,  (F.)  Col,  Con.  The  part  of 
the  body  situate  between  the  head  and  chest. 
Also,  a  part  of  an  organ  resembling  the  neck,  as 
in  the  following  cases. 

CoLLUM  Astrag'ali,  Cervix  Astrag'ali,  Neck 
of  the  Astragalus,  (F.)  Col  de  V astragal e.  A  de- 
pression, which  separates  the  anterior  extremity 
of  the  astragalus  from  its  body. 

CoLLUM  CosTA'uoJf,  Cervix  Costa'rum,  Neck 
of  the  Ribs,  (F.)  Col  des  Cdtes.  The  narrow  part 
of  the  ribs,  between  the  head  and  tubercle. 

Coi.LUM  Den'tium,  Cervix  Deiitiiim,  Neeh  of 
the  Teeth,  (P.)  Col  ou  Collet  des  Dents.  The  part 
of  the  teeth  between  the  corona  and  fang,  which 
is  embraced  by  the  gum. 

Coi.LUM  Fkm'oiiis,  Cervix  Fem'oris,  Neck  of 
the  Thigh-bone,  (F.)  Col  du  FSmnr.  The  long, 
narrow,  and  oblique  portion  of  the  os  femoris, 
which  separates  the  head  from  the  two  tro- 
chanters. 

CoLMiM  FiB'DLyE,  Cervix  Fib'ulcB,  Neck  of  the 
Fibula,  (F.)  Col  du  Perone.  A  slight  narrowness 
seated  below  the  head  or  upper  extremity  of  the 
fibula. 

CoLLUM  Glandis,  see  Glans. 

CoLLDM  Hu'heri,  Cervix  Hu'meri,  Neck  of  the 
Hu'merns.  A  circular,  depressed  portion,  which 
separates  the  head  of  the  os  humeri  from  its  two 
tuberosities.  Some  surgeons  place  the  neck  be- 
low the  tuberosities,  no  precise  line  of  demarca- 
tion indicating  its  extent. 

CoLLUM  Mandib-'ul^  seu  Maxil'l.«  iNFunio'- 

EIS,  Cervix  Mandib'ula'.  seu  MnxillcB  Tnferio'ris, 
Neck  of  the  lower  jaw,  (F.)  Col  de  I'os  maxillaire 
inferiiure.  A  depression  observable  on  each  side 
of  the  lower  jaw,  immediately  below  the  con- 
dyles. 

CoLLUM  Obstipum,  Torticollis. 

CoLLUM  Ossis  Magni  seu  Capita'ti,  Cervix  oa- 
sis magni  seu  capita'ti,  Neck  of  the  Os  Ilagnum, 
(F.)  Col  du  grand  Os.  A  circular  depression  be- 
neath the  head  of  this  bone  of  the  carpus. 

CoLLUM  Pkdis,  Instep. 

CoLLUJf  Ra'dii,  Cervix  Badii,  Neck  of  the 
Radius,  (F.)  Col  du  Radius.  A  narrow  portion 
of.  the  radius,  which  supports  the  head  of  the 
bone. 

CoLLUM  Scap'uLj?5,  Cervix  Scap'nlce,  Neck  of 
the  Scap'nla,  (F.)  Col  de  V Omoplate.  A  narrow 
portion,  observable  below  the  glenoid  cavity  of 
the  scapula,  which  seems  to  separate  it,  as  it 
■were,  from  the  rest  of  the  bone. 

CoLLUM  U'TKItl,  Cervix  U'teri,  .Jug'nhim  Uteri, 
Neck  of  the  Uterus,  (P.)  Col  de  la  Matrice,  Col 
utirin.  A  narrow,  cylindrical,  and  flattened  por- 
tion of  the  uterus,  which  terminates  it  inferiorly, 
and  opens  into  the  vagina  b}'  the  Os  Uteri  or  Os 
Tineas.  This  neck  is  perceptible  on  e.xamination 
per  vaginam,  until  near  the  end  of  utero-gesta- 


tion.  As  the  uterus  enlarges,  however,  it  bccomei 
shorter  and  wider,  so  that  a  manifest  ditlcrence 
exists  between  its  condition  at  seven  and  nine 
months. 

CoLLUM  Vesi'c^,  Cervix  Vesi'c(B,  Neck  of  the 
Bladder,  (P.)  Col  de  la  Vessie.  The  anterior 
part  of  the  base  of  the  bladder,  which  resembles 
the  neck  of  a  bottle,  and  is  continuous  with  the 
urethra. 

COLLURIUM.  Collyrium. 

COLLUTIO,  Gargarism. 

COLLUTO'RIUM,  (P.)  Collutoire,  from  col. 
lucre,  '  to  wash  out.'     A  mouth  wash. 

CoLLUTOuiuM  Adstringkns,  Mel  boracis. 

COLLU'VIES,  from  colluo,'!  cleanse.'  Filth, 
excrement.     Discharge  from  an  old  ulcer. 

Coi.LUVIES  GastricA,  Embarras  gastrique, 

COLLYR'IlTM,  Cotlu'rium,  Collu'rion,  (P.) 
Colhjre,  from  kwAwu,  '  I  check,'  and  pcu,  '  I  flow,' 
or  from  KoWa,  'glue,'  and  ovga,  '  i;n\'  [?],  (F.) 
Colhjre.  The  ancients  designated,  by  this  term, 
a  solid  medicine,  of  a  long,  cylindrical  shape ; 
proper  to  be  introduced  into  the  vagina,  anus,  or 
nostril.  They  are  said  to  have  given  it  this  name 
because  it  was  shaped  like  a  Rat's  Tail,  and  be- 
cause there  entered  into  its  composition  powders 
and  glutinous  matters. — Celsus,  Oiibasius,  Scribo- 
nius  Largus.  At  the  present  day,  Collyrium 
means  an  application  to  the  eye.  Some  are  pid- 
verulent  and  dry,  Ophthahnempas' mata,  Collyr'ia 
sicca,  but  the  greatest  part  are  liquid,  Ili/gru- 
collj/r'ia;  and  receive  different  epithets,  as  as- 
tringent, emollient,  &c.  The  term  is  now  little 
more  than  synonymous  with  Eye-water.  Collyria 
are  generally  extemporaneous  formulae. 

Collyrium  Bateanum,  see  Lotion,  campho- 
rated,  of  Bates — c.  Siccum,  see  Collyrium — c.  Sic- 
cum  Alexandrinum,  see  Alexandrine. 

COLOBO'MA,  KoXoliioixa,  'any  thing  truncated 
or  shortened.'     A  mutilated  or  maimed  organ. 

Colobo'ma  I'ridis,  frido-eoloboma.  A  conge- 
nital peculiarity  of  the  iris,  consisting  in  a  fissure 
of  its  lower  portion,  and  a  consecjuent  prolonga- 
tion of  the  iris  to  the  margin  of  the  cornea.  See 
Iridorrhagas. 

COLOBO'SIS,  Ko\ofiu)(ns.  The  act  of  curtailing 
or  mutilating ;  mutilation. 

COLOCHOLO'SIS,  from  ko>-\ov,  'the  colon,' 
and  x"^'!)  'bile.'  Bilious  dysentery,  Uysentcr'ia 
bilio'sa. 

COLOCYNTH,  Cucumis  colocynthis. 

COLOMBINE,  COMMON,  Aquilegia  vulgaris. 

COLOMBA,  Calumba. 

COLON,  C.  Caecum,  Monen' terum,  Colnm,  Tntes- 
ti'num  majus,  I.  cellula'tum,  I.  crassnm  ct  plenum, 
I.  grandc,  I.  laxum,  Phgsce,  iJivaKt).  That  portion 
of  the  large  intestines  which  extends  from  the 
cjBcum  to  the  rectum.  It  is  said  to  have  been  so 
called  from  KotXoi,  'hollow,'  or  from  Ku\via,  'I 
arrest,'  because  the  excrements  are  arrested,  for 
a  considerable  time,  in  its  sacs,  —  cel'lula  seu 
haustra  seu  loculamenta  coli.  The  colon  is 
usually  divided  into  four  portions.  1.  The  right 
lumbar  or  ascending,  Colon  dcrtrum,  situate  in 
the  right  lumbar  region,  and  commencing  at  the 
caecum.  2.  Transverse  colon,  Colon  transver'sum, 
transverse  arch  of  the  colon,  the  portion  of  the 
colon  which  crosses  from  the  right  to  the  left  side, 
at  the  upper  part  of  the  abdomen.  .3.  The  left 
lumbar  or  descending  colon,  Colon  sinis'trnm,  ex- 
tending from  the  left  part  of  the  transver.se  arch, 
opposite  the  outer  portion  of  the  left  kidney,  to 
the  corresponding  iliac  fossa.  4.  The  Iliac  colon 
or  Sigmoid  flexure  of  the  colon,  (P.)  Colon  ■ilinqve 
ou  S.  da  colon,  the  portion  of  the  intestine  which 
makes  a  double  curvature  in  the  left  iliac  fossa, 
and  ends  in  the  rectum. 


COLONITIS 


225 


COLPOSIS 


The  muscular  fibre?,  as  in  the  cnecum,  are  in 
three  fliit  stripes,  Tai'nia  seu  Fancia  Ligmnen- 
to'sm  Coli,  Tm'nl(B  Vulnal'vm  seu  Liijatnen'ta 
vuli. 

Colon,  Membrum  —  c.  Inflammation  of  the, 
Colitis. 

Colon'.  Tokpor  op  thr.  A  disease  in  which 
the  muscular  coat  of  the  colon  acts  with  deficient 
enerj^y  ;  ;^iving  occasion  to  distension  of  the  in- 
testine, which,  by  pressing  upon  the  other  organs, 
may  interfere  so  much  with  their  functions,  as  to 
lend  to  distressing  gastric,  cardiac  and  other  dis- 
orders. 

COI-ONITIS,  Colitis,  Dysentery. 

COI'OXXE,  Columna  —  c.  Vertebrate,  Verte- 
bral ciilumn. 

COLOXXES  OHARXUES.CurnciB  Columns 
— c.  Clt'iruiiPH  ilii  Co'ur,  Columnao  carneae. 

COLOr/fAXE,  Colophonia. 

COLOITIAXY,  Colophonia. 

COLOlMiO'NIA,  so  called  from  Colophon,  a 
city  of  Ionia;  f'hri/cte,  Frictn,  fix  Gracn,  Re- 
tl'na  nif/ra,  Col'ophtiiiy,  Colophony,  Black  Rosin, 
Pitch,  Itrown  Ronin,  (F.)  Culophone,  Colophnne, 
Arcanson,  lirai  sec.  The  black  resin  which  re- 
mains in  the  retort,  after  the  distillation,  by 
means  of  a  strong  fire,  of  common  turpentine. 
It  is  used  like  the  turpentines  in  general,  and  in 
some  pharmaceutical  preparations. 

COLOl'llONY,  Colophonia. 

COLOQEIXTE,  Cucumus  colocynthis. 

COLOQl'INTIDA,  Cucumus  colocynthis. 

COLOR  VIR(5INEUS  PALLIDUS,  Chlorosis 
— c.  Viricinuin  f'ccdus.  Chlorosis. 

COLO-RECTITIS,  Dysentery. 

COLOSTRA.  Colostrum. 

COLOSTRATrO,  Colostration. 

COLOSTRA'TION,  Colostra' tin.  Di.sease  in 
new-born  children,  attributable  to  the  colostrum. 

COLOS'TRUM,  Colos'tra,  CoUnstrnm,  Coins'- 
irmn,  Troph'iilis,  Protor/'nln,  Xeog'fihi,  Primnm 
Pner'j)fr(E  hic,  Pi/lia,  Pi/etifi,  Green  J\filk,  ( I'enst- 
lings,  /leihtingi,  liecstings,  liiestings  or  lienslings, 
Beest,  (Sc.)  Urist,  Beisti/n,  (Prov.)  Fore-milk, 
Pnad-milk,  Pored  milk,  Pourd-milk,  in  the  cow. 
Ac.,)  from  KoXov,  '  food'  [?],  or  from  KoWa.  'glue,' 
on  account  of  the  viscidity  of  the  first  milk.  (F.) 
Beton.  The  first  milk  after  accouchement.  It 
contains  more  serum  and  butter,  and  less  casein 
than  common  milk,  and  seems  to  possess  an  eva- 
cuant  ))riiporty,  which  renders  it  fit  to  aid  in  the 
expulsion  <if  the  meconium.  Colostrum  formerly 
meant  an  emulsion  prepared  of  turpentine  and 
yolk  of  czs.. 

COLOUR-BLINDNESS,  Achromatopsia. 

COLOURS,  ACCIDENT'AL,  Op'posite  co- 
Innrs,  Ctimplcmcn'tnry  or  Harmon'ic  colours,  (F.) 
Couleiirs  Complementdircs.  If  the  eye  has  been 
for  some  time  regariling  a  particular  colour,  the 
retina  becomes  insensible  to  this  colour;  and  if, 
afterwards,  it  be  turned  to  a  sheet  of  white 
paper,  the  paper  will  not  seem  to  be  white,  but 
will  be  of  the  colour  that  arises  from  the  union 
of  all  the  rays  of  the  solar  spectrum,  except  the 
one  to  wliieh  the  retina  has  become  insensible. 
Thus,  if  the  eye  be  directed  for  some  time  to  a 
red  wafer,  the  sheet  of  paper  will  seem  to  be  of 
a  bluinh-green.  in  a  circubir  spot  of  the  same  di- 
mensions as  the  wafer.  This  bluish-green  image 
is  called  an  oc'ular  spectrum,  because  it  is  im- 
pressed upon  the  eye  and  may  be  retained  for  a 
short  time  ;  and  the  colour  bhiiih-green,  h  said 
to  he  the  nccidcntid  colour  of  the  red.  If  this 
experiment  bo  maile  with  wafers  of  different  co- 
lours, other  accidental  colours  will  be  observed, 
varying  with  the  colour  of  the  wafer  employed, 
a^  in  tiie  following  table  : — 
15 


Colnnr  of  the  Accidental  colour,  or  colour  of  the 

Wafer,  ocular  spectrum. 

Bed Bluish  green. 

Orange Blue. 

Yellow Indigo. 

Green Violet  with  a  little  red. 

Blue Orange  red. 

Indigo Orange  yellow. 

Violet Yellow  green. 

Black White. 

White Black. 

If  all  the  colours  of  the  spectrum  be  ranged  in 
a  circle,  in  the  proportions  they  hold  in  the  spec- 
trum itself,  the  accidental  colour  of  any  particu- 
lar colour  will  be  found  directly  opposite.  Hence, 
the  two  colours  have  been  termed  opposite  colours. 
It  will  follow  from  what  has  been  said,  that  if  the 
primary  colour,  or  that  to  which  the  eye  has  been 
first  directed,  be  added  to  the  accidental  colour, 
the  result  must  be  the  same  impression  as  that 
produced  by  the  union  of  all  the  rays  of  the  spee- 
trum  —  white  light.  The  accidental  colour,  in 
other  words,  is  what  the  jtrimitive  colour  requires 
to  make  it  white  light.  The  primitive  and  acci- 
dental colours  are,  therefore,  complements  of  each 
other;  and  hence  accidental  colours  have  alsi) 
been  called  complementary  colours.  They  have 
likewise  been  termed  harmonic,  because  the  ytri- 
mitive  and  its  accidental  colour  harmonise  with 
each  other  in  painting. 

COLPAL'GIA,  from  koXttoj,  'vagina,'  and 
aXyoq,  '  pain.'     Pain  in  the  vagina. 

COLPATRE'SIA,  Elytratre'sia,  Ancylocol'pns, 
Atretelyt'ria,  from  KoX-Koi,  '  vagina,'  and  aTpi/To;, 
'  without  opening.'     Imperforation  of  the  vagina. 

COLPEMPHRAX'IS,  from  koUos,  'vagina,' 
and  n(ppa^ii,  'obstruction.'  Obstruction  of  the 
vagina  by  foreign  bodies. 

COLPEURYN'TER,  Speculum  vaginse.  The 
same  term  is  given  by  Dr.  Braun  to  an  instru- 
ment for  dilating  the  os  uteri,  and  upper  part  of 
the  vagina.    The  operation  is  called  Coljtcu'rysie. 

COLPITIS,  Colposis. 

COLPOC'ACE,  ^Edceoti'tis  gangrano'sa,  Gan- 
grcB'na  gcnita'liitm  et  vngi'nce,  from  KoX-uf,  '  va- 
gina,'and  <caico{,  'evil.'  Putresceucy  or  gangrene 
of  the  vagina  and  labia. 

CoLPOCACii  Infanti'lis,  ^doeoti'tis  grangra>- 
nn'sn  paella' rum,  Nmna  pudendo'rnm.  (irangrene 
or  putrescency  of  the  vagina  and  genitals  in  young 
children. 

CoLPOCACil  Puerpeka'rum,  ^dopoti'tis  Gnn- 
grcpno'sa  puerpera'rum,  Tocodomycodori'tis  ma- 
lig'nn  vagina'lis  (Ritgen).  Sloughing  of  the 
vagina  and  genitals  in  puerperal  women. 

COLPOCELE,  Elytrocele. 

COLPOCYSTOTOM'IA,  from  ko^zos,  'vagina,' 
KvaTii,  'bladder,'  and  ronn,  'incision.'  Sevtio  va- 
gi'no-vesica'lis.      Lithotomy  through   the  vagina. 

COLPODESMORRAPiriA,  from  xoAtoj,  'va- 
gina,' hcjioi,  '  ligament,'  and  pa0»),  '  suture.'  The 
removal  of  a  part  of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the 
vagina  for  the  radical  cure  of  prolapsus  vaginae 
et  uteri. 

COLPfEDEMA,  Elvtrcedema. 

COLPOPHLEOIIYMENITIS,  Encolpitis. 

COLPOPTOSIS,  Prolapsus  vaginae 

COLPORRIIA'GIA.  Elytrorrha'gia,  from  >co\. 
rof,  'vagina,'  and  priyvvm,  'I  break  forth.'  Dis- 
charge of  blood  from  the  vagina. 

COLPORRIIAPIIY,  Elytrorrhaphv. 

COLPORRHEX'IS,  Ruptu'ra  ragi'ncp,  from 
(coXirof,  'vagina,'  and  pr;s<s>  'rupture.'  Rupture 
of  the  vagina.     Also,  colporrhagia. 

COLPORRHCEA,  Leucorrhcea. 

COLPOS,  see  Jlamma;  Sinus,  Vagina. 

COLPO'SIS.      Inflammation    of   the    vagina. 


COLPOSTEGNOSIS 


26 


COMMEMORATIVE 


Synonymous  with  Elytrot'tis,  Elytri'tis,  Cole'i'tis, 
Culjii'tix.     Sec  Leucorrhnen. 

C  0  L  P  0  S  T  E  G  N  O'SIS,  Coleostegno'sia,  from 
(coXiroj,  '  vagina,'  and  ariyvou),  '  I  close.'  Atresia, 
or  ol)litevati()n  of  the  vagina. 

COLFOSTENOCHORIA,  Coleostegnosis. 
COLPOSYNIZESIS,  Coleostegnosis. 
COLl'OT'OMY,  Cu/potom'ia,  from  koUo;,  'va- 
gina,' and  ToiJiri,   '  incision.'     An  incision  of  the 
vagina  in  parturition. 

COLT'S  FOOT,  Asarum  Canadense,  Tussilago. 
COL'UBER  BERUS.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  viper,  Vi'pera,  (F.)  Conleiivre,  VIpere. 
Clasv,  Replilia,  Orel.  Ophidia.  A  poisonous  rep- 
tile— the  poison  lying  in  small  sacs  near  its  teeth. 
The  fle^h  is  innocent,  and  has  been  often  taken 
in  scrofula,  and  in  cutaneous  disorders  in  general, 
but  it  is  inefficacious. 

COLUBRINA,  Polygonum  bistorta  —  c.  Dra- 
contia.  Arum  dracunculus  —  c.  Lusitanica,  Eu- 
phorbia capitata — c.  Virginiana,  Aristolochia  ser- 
pentaria. 

COLUM,  Colon. 

COLUMBINE,  Aquilegia  vulgaris— c.  "Wild, 
Aquilegia  Canadensis. 

COLUMBO,  Calumba  —  c.  American,  see  Ca- 
lumba — c.  Marietta,  see  Calumba. 

COLUxMELLA,  Pillar,  Uvula  — c.  Cochlese, 
Modiohis. 

COLUM'NA,  Column,  (F.)  Colonne.  Anato- 
mists use  this  word  for  parts  which  resemble  a 
column  or  pillar;  hence  for  the  penis. 

CoLiiMNA    Adstans     Ingiiinibus,    Penis  —  c. 
Dorsi,  Vertebral  column  —  c.  Fornicis,  see  Fornix. 
Colum'na  Nasi.     The  cartilaginous  part  of  the 
septum  of  the  nostrils.     See  Nares. 

CoLL'MNA  Ouis,  Uvula — c.  Spinalis,  Vertebral 
column  —  c.  Virginitatis,  Hymen  —  c.  Foraminis 
ovalis,  see  Ovalis  fossa  —  c.  Valvulae  Vieussenii, 
see  Valvula  Vieussenii — c.  Vertebralis,  Vertebral 
column. 

COLUMNyE  BERTI'NI,  Columns  of  Bertxn. 
Processes  of  the  cortical  substance  of  the  kidney, 
which  extend  between  the  pyramids  of  Malpighi, 
as  far  a.<  the  hilus. 

COLUM'NiE  CAR'NEiE,  0.  Cordis,  Lacer'ti 
seu  Lacer'tiili  seu  Fanes  seu  Fasci'c'uli  ter'etes 
Cordli,  Trabes  seu  Trahec'nlcB  Cordis,  (F.)  Colon- 
nes  churnues  da  cceur.  Small,  fleshy  columns, 
which  project,  more  or  less,  into  the  auricles  and 
ventricles  of  the  heart,  whose  use  appears  to  be 
to  prevent  too  great  dilatation  of  those  cavities. 
A  few  of  these  colnnnxB — see  Mnsciili  pupilln'res 
— are  attached  by  one  extremity  to  the  walls  of 
the  heart,  and,  by  the  other,  give  insertion  to 
chordie  tendinere.     See  Carneous  columns. 

CoLUMN.E  CarnEjE  of  the  Rectum,  see  Rectum 
— c.  Papillares.  see  Columnas  Carneae. 
COLUMNEA  LONtilFOLIA,  Bahel. 
COLUMNS  OF  BERTIN,  Cdumnas  Bertini. 
COLUMNS,  POSTERIOR  MEDIAN,  OP  THE 
MEDULLA  OBLONGATA,  Funiculi  graciles— 
c.  of  M  irgagni  or  of  the  Rectum,  see  Rectum — c. 
of  the  Spinal  Marrow,  see  Vertebral  Nerves. 
COLUS  .JOVIS,  Salvia  sclarea. 
COLUSTRUM,  Colostrum. 

COLU'TEA,  C.  Arhores' cens  seu  hirsn'tn,  Sen- 
na German' icn.  Bladder  Senna,  (F.)  Baijnenaii- 
dier,  Fuitx  Sene,  Sene  indigene,  Ord.  Legumi- 
nosa;.  Sex.  Si/st.  Diadelphia  Decandria.  The 
leaves  are  slightly  purgative,  and  are  often  mixed 
with  those  of  the  cassia  senna. 

COLUVRINE  Lie  VfBGlNIE,  Aristolochia 
serpentaria. 

COLYM'BADES,  PicJded  Olives.  These,  when 
bruised  and  applied  to  a  burnt  part,  were  sup- 
posed to  be  able  to  prevent  vesication.  —  Dios- 
corides. 
COLYMBIFERA  MINOR,  Mentha  crispa. 


COMA,  Semisom'nis,  Semisopi'tus,  Semiinpn'- 
rus,  Siiheik,  (Arab).  A  profound  state  of  sleep, 
from  which  it  is  extremely  difficult  to  rouse  the 
individual.  It  is  a  symptom  which  occurs  in 
many  diseases.  Two  varieties  are  distinguished, 
1.  Coma  vi(/il  sen  agri/pno'dcs,  I'en^iijil'jum, 
Viyil'icB  nim'icB,  Ti/pho'nia,  Veter'nns,  Velrnnm'. 
itaa,  Agrijpnoco' ma.  Cams  lethar't/ns  viyit,  'J'li- 
phoma'nia,  which  is  accompanied  with  (leliriiiin. 
The  patient  has  his  eyes  closed,  but  opens  tiu'iu 
when  called;  and  closes  them  again  iinnieiliiitcly. 
This  state  is  accompanied  with  considenible  re.-t- 
lessness.  2.  Coma  Soinnolen'tiim,  C.  Ciiinal<j'dcii  • 
— in  which  the  patient  speaks  when  roused,  Ijut 
remains  silent  ajid  immovable  in  the  intervals. 
Coma  is  a  deeper  sleep  than  sopor,  but  less  so 
than  lethargy  and  earns. 

Coma,  Capillus  —  c.  Agrypnodcs,  see  Coma— 
c.  Apoplexia,  Apoplexy  —  c.  Ca;saroa,  Plica  —  c. 
Comatoiles,  see  Coma — c.  Somnolentum,  Somnu- 
lency,  se«  Coma — c.  Vigil,  see  Coma. 
COMACON,  Mvristica  moschata. 
COMAN'DRA  UMBELLA'TA,  Bastard  Tond- 
flax :  indigenous;    Order,  Santalaoeae:  floweritii; 
in   May  and  June  ;  has   been  used  in  fevers  \>y 
some  of  the  Indian  tribes. 
COMAROS,  Arbutus  unedo. 
COxMA'RUM  PALUS'TRE,  Potentil'lapalm'. 
tris,    Mai-sh     Cinqnefoil.       An    indigenous  plant, 
Family,  Rosaceae,  which  flowers  in  Juno.     It  ij 
possessed  of  astringent  virtues. 

CO'MATA,  from  Kujjin.  Diseases  characterized 
by  diminution  of  the  powers  of  voluntary  motion, 
with  sleep  or  impaired  state  of  the  senses. — 
Cullen. 

COMATEUX,  Comatose. 
COMATODES,  Comatose. 

COM'ATOSE,  Comato'des,  Carof'icus,  Cnro'dea, 
(F.)  Comateux.  Relating  to  or  resembling  coma: 
— as  comatose  sleep,  comatose  fever,  Ac. 

COMBUSTIBILITY,  PRETERNATURAL, 
Combustion,  human. 

COMBUSTIO,  Burn  — c.  Spontanea,  Combus- 
tion, human. 

COMBUS'TION,  HUMAN,  Sponta'neousCom- 
bvs'tlon  or  Preternat'ural  Comhiistibil'ily,  Citta- 
cnn'sis,  Tachencan'sis,  Incen'dium  epoiitn'vciiiii, 
Combns'tio  sponta'nea,  Autempresm'ns,  Idiiipn- 
caii'sis,  Idieiiipre'sis,  Catacau'sis  ebrio'sn,  (F. ) 
Combustion  huniaine,  C.  Innnaine  spontanee ;  from 
combiirere,  combnstnm,  [com,  and  urere,  nstiim)  'to 
burn.'  These  terms  have  been  applied  to  tho 
extraordinary  phenomenon  of  a  rapid  destruction 
of  the  human  body,  by  being  reduced  to  a.^hcs 
either  spontaneously  or  by  the  contact  of  mi 
ignited  substance  It  is  said  to  have  occurred 
in  the  aged,  and  in  those  that  were  fat  and  hurd 
drinkers.  In  such.  Dr.  Traill  has  found  a  con- 
siderable quantity  of  oil  in  the  serum  of  the  hiood. 
Vicq  d'Azyr,  Lair,  and  Dupuytren  think  it  neces- 
sary, that  the  body  should  be  placed  in  contact 
with  an  ignited  substance.  Le  Cat,  Kopp,  and 
Marc  are  of  opinion  that  this  is  not  necf.«sary. 
The  former  appears  to  be  the  more  probable  view. 
COMBUSTURA,  Burn. 
COMEDONES,  see  Acne. 
COMES  ARCIITATRORUM,  see  Exarchiater. 
COMESTIBLE  {¥.),  ^Edn'lis,  from  cowedere, 
'to  eat'  Eatable,  (F.)  Edide.  Esculent.  When 
this  word  is  used  substantively,  in  French  as  in 
English,  it  means  solid  food. 

COMEZ.     Ilalfadrop.— Ruland. 
COMFREY,  Symphytum— c.  Spotted,  Pulnao- 
naria— c.  Wild,  Cynoglossum  Virginicum. 
COMISTE,  Aliment. 
COMMANDUCATIO,  Mastication. 
CO.MMEM'ORATIVE,   Commemorati'vus,  (F.) 
Cummemorutif,    from    commeruorare,    [com    and 


COMMENSUM 


227 


COMPLEXUS 


flicmor.)  *  to   cause  to  rememV.er.'     That  which 
recalls,  or  rather  which  is  recalleil. 

CoMMEMOliATiVE  SiGNS,  (F.)  Sifjiiea  comm(mo- 
riitifn,  are  tlioae  deduced  from  circumstances 
which  have  gone  before;  or  rather,  according  to 
(ithtrs,  those  which  point  out  the  preceding  con- 
dition of  the  patient.     They  are  also  called  Aii- 

hiiiiic.h'Iii',  nil/nil. 

COMMENSUM,  Symmetry. 

COMMEKCIUM,  Sympathy. 

COM  MI.  Gum  mi. 

COM'MINUTED,  Comnnnu'tnn,  from  cnmmi- 
vKcrc.  {com  and  niiiiito,)  'to  break  to  pieces.' 
(F.)  Ciimwiimtlf.  A  coninn'initffi  ficwtitre  is  one 
ill  which  the  bone  is  broken  into  a  number  of 
pieces. 

COMMINU'TrON,  Commhm'tio,  Thrypsis, 
J.iio'iiis.  Same  etymon.  Fracture  of  a  bone 
into  !i  numlicr  of  pieces. 

COMMISSURA,  Articulation. 

CoMMissuHA  Antkrior  Cerebri,  Commissure, 
anterior,  of  tiie  lirain. 

.CoMMissii'iiA  ]!iiEViR.  A  loV.ule  or  prominence 
of  tlio  inferior  vermiform  process  of  the  cercbel- 
liiiii,  situate  in  the  incisura  posterior,  below  the 
horizontal  fissure. 

CoMMissiiHA  Labiorum,  Prostomia — c.  Magna 
cerebri,  Corpus  callosum  —  c.  Maxima  cerebri. 
Corpus  ciiliosum — c.  Nervea,  Syndesmosis  —  c. 
0^'siuln  carnea,  Syssarcosis. 

CoHMissuRA  Posterior  Cerebri,  Commissure, 
posterior,  of  the  Brain. 

CoMMissuRA  Simplex.  A  small  lobule  or  pro- 
iniiKMice  of  the  superior  vermiform  process,  near 
the  incisura  posterior  of  the  cerebellum. 

COMMISSU'RAL ;  same  etymon  as  commis- 
sure.    Of  or  belonging  to  a  commissure. 

C0M'MISSURE,Comm«««i('rn,ro»ij5n'(;es,Conj- 
piiffiiin'tio,  tSi/ lit' phi/sis,  Si/m'bole ;  from  com- 
viilto,  [com  and  niittere,  missum,)  'to  join  together.' 
A  point  of  union  between  two  parts:  thus,  the 
c"iiimis.-;ures  of  the  eyelids,  lips,  Ac,  are  the  an- 
gles, which  they  form  at  the  place  of  union.  See 
Fibres,  converging. 

CoM'MisstinE,  Ante'rior,  op  the  Brain,  Com- 
tKi'iHu'i-a  ante'rior  cer'ehri,  (F.)  Comiiiixsiire  unt&- 
rifiire  dit  cervcdii.  A  small  medullary  fasciculus, 
situate  transversely  at  the  anterior  "part  of  the 
tliird  ventricle,  and  uniting  the  two  hemispheres. 
Commissure,  Great,  ok  the  Brain,  Commis- 
sn'rn  Mnijnn  Cer'ehri,  (F.)  Grande  commimnre  dii 
ccrveaii,  which  unites  the  two  hemispheres  for 
Si>ine  extent,  is  the  Corpun  callo'snm. 

CoMMissuHE,  Minnr.E,  of  the  Brain.  A  layer 
of  gray  substance  uniting  the  thalami  optici. 

CoMMissiruE,  Oblique  or  Intercerebiial,  see 
\iilvula  Vieusscnii — c.  Optic,  see  Chiasmus. 

Commissure,  Posterior  op  the  Brain.  Com- 
Diisiii'ra  poste'rior  cer'ehri.  A  medullary  band, 
sitUMtc  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  third  or  middle 
vinlricle. 
Commissure  of  the  Uvea,  Ciliary  ligament: 
CO.U.UfSSURE  BE  LA  CHOROIDE,  Cili- 
ary liiranient. 

CO.M.MO'SIS,  from  (eo^/ioo),  'I  adorn.'  The 
an  of  concealing  natural  deformities,  as  by  paint- 
ing the  face.     See,  also.  Propolis. 

COM.MO'TICE,  in  the  older  writers,  meant  the 
art  of  communicating  factitious  beauty  to  a  per- 
son.    Painting  the  face  ;    Comopor'ia. 

COMMOTIO,  Motion,  Concussion— c.  Cerebri, 
Concussion  of  the  brain. 

COM.MOriOX,   Concussion  — c.   du   Cervean, 
Concussion  of  the  brain. 
COM.MUXrCABLE,  see  Contagious. 
COMMU'NIC.\NS.  from  communis,   (com   and  jl 
»»ii»»Ji,  '  an  office.) 'common.'   ConJHn'ijenn.     That  || 
which  comuiuuiciites  or  establishes  a  couimanica-  ; 


tion.  Communicant.  There  are  two  Arteria 
Commuuican'tea,  both  within  the  cranium;  —  tho 
one  anterior,  very  short,  and  extending  trans- 
versely from  one  anterior  cerebral  artery  to  the 
other,— -the  other  posterior,  called  also  Commuui- 
cans  Willin'ii,  which  passes  from  the  internal 
carotid  to  the  posterior  cerebral  artery.  It  is  a 
branch  of  the  basilary. 

Communicans  NoNi.  A  long  slender  nervous 
branch,  formed  by  filaments  from  the  first,  second 
and  third  cervical  nerves,  which  descends  upon 
the  outer  side  of  the  internal  jugular  vein,  and 
forms  a  loop  with  the  descendens  noni  over  the 
sheath  of  the  carotids. 

Communicans  Pehonei,  see  Communicans  dod- 
litei.  ^  ^ 

Communicans  Poplite'i,  C.  tihia'Ue  [nerms.) 
A  large  nerve,  which  arises  from  the  popliteal, 
and,  at  a  variable  distance  below  the  articulation 
of  the  knee,  receives  the  comvmnicana  peronei 
from  the  peroneal  nerve,  —  the  two  forming  the 
cjcternal  aajihenoua  nerve. 

Communicans  Tibialis,  Communicans  poplitci. 

COMPACT,  Coiiipae'tnH,  from  com  and  pamjere, 

pactum,   'to   strike,  to   fix.'     Solid,   close.     (F.) 

Vonijiucte.     The  term  Compact  'J'imue  is  given  to 

the  hardest  and  closest  parts  of  bone. 

COMPAGES,    Articulation,    Commissure  —  c. 
Ossiuin    per    Lineam    Simplicein,  Harmony — c. 
Vertebrarum,  Vertebral  coluiiin. 
COMPAGINATIO,  Commissure. 
COMPAS  iJ'EPAISSElli,  see  Pelvimeter. 
COMPASS  PLANT,  Silphium  laciuiatum. 
COMPASSIO,  Sympathy. 
COMPEBA,  Piper  cubeba. 
COMPENSATION,  JUdancement. 
COM PE PER,  Piper  cubeba. 
COMPER'NIS;  from  cohi  and  periin,  '  a  gam- 
mon of  bacon  with  the  leg  on.'     One  who  has  big 
knees  turned  inwards.     A  case  of  distortion  of 
the  legs. 

COMPETENTIA  MEMBRORUM  OMNIUM, 
Sj'Uimetry. 

COMPLAINT,  Disease. 
Complaint,  Family,  see  Hereditary. 
COMPLEMENTAL  AIR,  see  Respiration. 
COMPLEMENTARY  AIR,  see  Respiration. 
COMPLETIO,  Plethora. 

COMPLEX,  Cumplex'us,  from  com  'with,'  and 
pfectere,  p/ejriis,  'to  twist.'  Embracing  several 
distinct  things.  Chaussier  uses  this  term,  in  his 
anatomical  descriptions,  for  complicated. 

CO.MPLEXIO,  Coition,  Complexio,  Confusio, 
TeinperaiJient. 

COMPLEXION,  Com2)h.v'io.  Often  em- 
ployed,  in  English,  for  the  colour  of  the  face, 
as  "He  has  ti  good  comp/ejcion," — a  ''  sallow  com- 
plexion," &c.  It  formerly  had  a  more  extensive 
signification,  and  still  has  in  France.  It  signifies 
the  aggregate  of  physical  characters  presented 
by  any  individual,  considered  with  respect  to  his 
external  arrangement  or  condition.  It  means 
more  than  conntitiition,  for  which  it  is  used  svno- 
nymously  in  many  cases;  and  differs  from  tem- 
perament, which  is  less  the  external  condition 
of  the  body  than  the  state  or  disposition  of  the 
organs  in  health. — H.  Cloquet. 
COMPLEXUS,  Complex. 

Complexus  Minor,  Mastoideus  latern'h'n,  Trn- 
clie'lo-mastoideuK,{¥.)  Trach^io-mantoidien. Muscle 
petit  Complexus.  It  arises  from  the  transverse 
processes  of  the  last  four  cervical  vertebra,  and 
is  inserted  into  the  mastoid  process. 

Complexes  Mus'culus,  Bireu'ler  Ceri-i'cis, 
Complejus  -Vajor,  Dorso-trnchelon-occipital,  Tra- 
chdo-ocilpitnl  [Ch.).  (P.)  Jl/usc/e  ijrand  complexim. 
A  muscle,  situate  at  the  hind  part  of  the  neck, 
where  it  extends  from  the  interval  that  separates 
the  two  prominent  ridges  on  the  posterior  surface 


COMPLICATION 


228 


COMTTONIA 


of  the  OS  occipitis  to  the  transverse  and  articular 
processus  of  the  last  six  cervical  vertebrae,  as 
Well  as  to  those  of  the  first  five  dorsal,  It  serves 
to  straiLchten,  incline,  and  turn  the  head. 

COMPLICA'TION,  CompUcu'tio,  from  com 
'with,'  and  ^;//c((re,  'to  fold.'  In  medicine,  it 
means  tlie  jiresence  of  several  diseases,  mnrhi 
complliin'ti  seu  jterplex'i,  or  of  several  adventi- 
tious circumstances  foreign  to  the  primary  disease. 

COiMPOSIT"ION,  Co>„2}<>ait"io,  from  compo- 
nere,  (com  and  panerc,  poaitum,  'to  place;')  'to 
place  tiigether.'  Syn'ihenin.  The  act  of  com- 
posing or  compounding,  —  of  medicines  for  ex- 
ample ;  JtniiatoKi/iiUijc'is.  Also,  the  Compoiiud, 
Compos' it  mil,  or  thing  compounded.     Likewise,  a 

COIiibhidtiiiil. 

COiAIPOSITUM,  Compound. 

COMPOUND.  Same  etymology;  to  mix  me- 
dicines. To  mingle  difl'erent  ingredients  into 
one  whole.  Used  adjectively,  oompouiul  signifies 
the  result  of  the  union  of  several  medicinal 
agents,  as  "  a  comjionnd  medicine." 

COMPRKHENSIO,  Catalepsy. 

C0MPREN810,  Catalepsy. 

COM'PKLSS,  Cnm]>res'sa,  Sphnixcm,  Splenioja, 
Sp/eiii'n'ciis,  Pht'fjida,  J'enicil'liim,  Peiiic'niiim, 
from  cotiipriiiiere,  (com  and  premere,  preimuni,  '  to 
press,')  'to  press  together.'  (F.)  Compresse. 
Folded  pieces  of  lint  or  rag,  so  contrived  as,  by 
the  aid  of  a  bandage,  to  make  due  pressure  upon 
any  part.  According  to  their  shape,  direction, 
and  use,  compresses  have  been  called  loiiy  {  (F.) 
loiigiteiles,)  eqiirxre  (carrees,)  triongiilur,  pi-is- 
Matic,  gyiidiiated  (ffraduees,)  xplit  {/endues,)  fene- 
iriea,  cribleefi,  croix  de  Malte,  ohlique,  circidiir, 
dividliKj  [divisives,)  uniting  [imiaantes,)  cribri- 
form, &'C. 

The  Umschlag  or  compress  of  the  hydropa- 
thists  is  a  cloth,  well  wetted  with  cold  water, 
applied  to  the  surface  near  the  supposed  seat  of 
disease,  securely  covered  with  a  dry  cloth,  and 
changed  as  often  as  it  becomes  dry.  It  is  some- 
times covered  with  a  layer  of  oiled  silk,  to  pre- 
vent evaporation. 

aOMPKESSEUn  DE  DUPUYTREN,  Com- 
pressor of  Dujiuytren  —  c.  dn  Nez,  Compressor 
nasi — c.  de  /ii  Priixtdte,  Compressor  prostata'. 

COMPPESSIF,  Compressive. 

COMPHESSIO,  Compression,  Thlipsis. 

COM  P  RES' SIGN,  Compreasio,  Eiierei'six. 
Same  etymology.  Pressure :  methodical  com- 
pression. An  agent  frequently  had  recourse  to 
in  surgery.  We  compreas  a  limb,  affected  with 
ipdema,  varices,  hijdrojis  articidi,  callonn  nicer,  Ac. 
The  abdomen  is  compressed  after  delivery,  after 
paracentesis  abdominis,  &c.  The  compression  is 
produced  by  means  of  the  roller,  laced  stocking, 
Ac.,  according  to  the  part,  and  to  the  particular 
case.  Moderate  pressure  aids  the  contractility 
of  parts,  and  excites  the  action  of  the  absorbents  ; 
so  that  large  tumours  at  times  disappear  after  it 
has  been  used  for  some  time.  A  greater  degree 
of  pressure  occasions,  still  more,  the  emaciation 
of  the  part,  but  it  is  apt  to  impede  the  circula- 
tion. Pressure  is  often  used  to  stop  or  moderate 
the  flow  of  blood  in  cases  of  aneurism  or  wounds 
of  arteries  and  veins.  In  such  cases,  the  com- 
pression may  be  immediate,  when  applied  upon 
the  artery  itself,  or  it  may  be  mediate,  when  ap- 
jjlied  through  the  integuments  and  soft  parts. 
The  French  use  the  term  Compression  immediate 
I'ttirale  for  that  which  is  exerted  perpendicularly 
to  the  axis  of  a  vessel,  so  as  to  flatten  its  sides. 
It  is  practised  with  the  finger,  forceps,  tourniquet, 
compresses,  Ac. 

CoMi'RES'sioN  OF  THE  BuAiN.  This  may  arise 
either  from  coagula  of  blood,  a  soft  tumour,  a 
bony  excrescence,  a  depressed  portion  of  the 
filiuU,  or  the  presence  of  some  foreign  body.     The 


effects  vary,  nccorcRng  as  the  compression  tnl;cs 
place  suddcu/i/  or  gradually.  Wiien  suddenly, 
the  symptoms  are  of  the  comatose  or  apoplectic 
character.  When  gradually,  mania,  convulsionii, 
Ac,  are  more  likely  to  occur.  Comprti'sioii, 
arising  from  a  depressed  portion  of  skull,  recjuirt's 
the  use  of  the  tro]>hine. 

COMPRES'SIVE,  Compressi'vus,  (F.)  Com. 
pressif.  That  which  compresses.  A.  com-presnin 
bandage  is  one  that  compresses  the  parts  to  wbiib 
it  is  apjjlied. 

COMPRES'SOR  or  COMPRESSOTJUM  OF 
DUPUYTREN,  (F.)  Compresseur  de  Diipmjlnn. 
An  instrument  for  compressing  the  femoral  iir- 
tery,  invented  liy  Dupuytrcn.  It  is  constnutcj 
un  tlic  same  principles  as  the  tourniquet  of  J.  L. 
Petit,  from  which  it  only  differs  in  this  respect;— 
that,  instead  of  being  maintained  in  its  place  bv  a 
strap,  which  always  compresses  more  or  less  the 
circumference  of  tiie  limb,  the  two  pads  are  plact'il 
at  the  extremities  of  a  semicircle  of  steel,  >NLidi,  ly 
j)assing  from  one  to  the  other  without  toucbiiij; 
the  parts,  limits  the  pressure  to  two  ojiposiio 
points  of  the  thigh,  and  permits  the  collatend 
circulation  to  go  on. 

CoMrREssoK  Naius,  liincR'vs,  Nasa'lis,  Troiis. 
versa'lis  Nasi,  3fyrti/orm'is,  Dilatato'res  alu'rhm 
nasi,  Constric'tor  Nasi  seu  Na'rium  seu  A'(oi«, 
Triangida'ris  Nasi,  (F.)  3/axillo-narinal,  Sus- 
maxiUo-nas<il,  —  (Ch.,)  Compresseur  dit  111-4, 
Transversal  du  nez.  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  sides 
of  the  nose;  flat  and  triangular.  It  arises  from 
the  inner  part  of  the  fossa  canina,  and  passes  to 
the  dorsum  of  the  nose;  where  it  is  confouiidcJ 
with  that  of  the  opposite  side. 

CoMPRKSSOR  or  Constrictor  of  Nuck.  An 
instrument  for  compressing  the  urethra,  to  oli- 
viate  incontinence  of  urine.  It  consists  of  a 
girdle  of  iron,  which  surrounds  the  pelvis,  tn 
which  is  fixed  a  plate  of  the  same  metal,  tbat 
compresses  the  urethra  in  perincBo. 

CoMPRKSSOR  PrOS'TATjE,  Frostat'icuS  SVjit'- 
rior,  Pubio-prostat'icus,  Sub-pubio-prostut'iciit, 
(F.)  Compresseur  de  la  prostate.  A  muscle,  ad- 
mitted by  Albinur,  which  is  formed  of  the  ante- 
rior fibres  of  the  Levator  ani,  that  embrace  tie 
prostate.       It    is    the    Prostat'icus    eiipe'riur  of 

WlNSLOW. 

CoMPREs'soR  Uue'thr^.  A  muscle  consiftir<» 
of  two  portions — one  of  which  is  transverse  in  its 
direction,  and,  in  consequence  of  its  having  Ijccn 
particularly  descril)ed  by  Mr.  Guthrie,  has  been 
called  Guthrie's  muscle.  It  arises  from  tbe  ramus 
of  the  ischium,  and  passes  inwards  to  embrace 
the  membranous  urethra.  The  other  portion  is 
pierpendicular,  descending  from  the  pubis  and 
passing  down  to  be  inserted  into  the  transverse 
portion  of  the  muscle ; — Pu'bio-urethra'lis.  This 
portion  has  been  considered  l)y  many  to  bo  only 
the  anterior  fibres  of  the  levator  ani ;  and  having 
been  described  by  Mr.  Wilson,  it  has  beeu  called 
Wilson's  muscle. 

Compressor  Ven^  Dorsa'lis  Penis.  A  small 
muscle,  distinctly  seen  in  animals,  less  distinctly 
in  man,  which  arises  from  the  ramus  of  the  pubic, 
and  ascending  in  a  direction  forwards  is  inserted 
above  the  vena  dorsalis,  joining  with  its  felloff 
of  the  opposite  side  on  the  mesial  line.  Its  use 
is  supposed  to  compress  the  vein  in  erection.  It 
is  sometimes  called  the  muscle  of  Houslun,  aftiT 
Dr.  Houston  of  Dublin. 

COMPRESSORIUM,  Compressor. 

COMPTO'NIA  ASPLENIFO'IJA,  Liquidaw'- 
bar  peregri'na  seu  asjdenifo'lia,  jifijo'ica  usjiktu- 
fo'lia,  Sweet  Fern,  Shrubby  Sweet  Fern,  >SiC(ft 
bush,  Fern  bush,  Fern  gale,  Spleeuicort  hx'k 
Meadow  fern,  Astringent  roof.  An  indigenous 
shrubby  plant,  which  grows  in  sandy  or  stony 
woods  from  New  England  to  Virginia.    It  pos- 


COMPUNCTIO 


229 


CONCUSSION 


jesfes  tonic  ami  astringent  properties,  and  is  used 
fts  a  domestic  remedy  in  diarrhoea,  &c.,  in  the 
furm  of  decoction. 

COMIMJXCTIO,  Paracentesis,  Puncturing. 

C'')X.K>TIIESIS,  Ccenaesthesis. 

CO.VAIirUM.  Pineal  gland. 

COX  AT  lis,  Effort. 

CD N C A R X ATIO,  Syssarcosis. 

COSdASSER,  (F.),  from  conquamiare,  (com 
md  qiiiiKHdrc,  'to  shake  much,')  'to  break  to 
jiieces;'  '  to  comminute.'  To  reduce  roots,  woods, 
4!i;c.  into  small  fragments,  in  order  that  their  ac- 
tive principles  may  be  more  readily  separated 
from  them. 

CONCAU'SA,  Coticrtui'iia,  {com  and  causa,) 
Sijiiee'tioii.  A  cause  which  co-operates  with  an- 
other, in  the  production  of  disease. 

CONCAVITAS  CONCflULARIS  CEREBRI, 
Iiifuiidihulum  of  the  brain. 

CO.VCAVUM  PEDIS,  Sole. 

CONCENTRAN'TIA,  from  com  and  centrum, 
'a  centre.'  A  name  once  given  to  absorbents  of 
a'jids. 

CONCENTRA'TION.  Conrcntm'tio.  A  word 
foun'times  used,  in  medical  theories,  to  express 
nn  atflux  of  fluids,  or  a  convergence  of  sensibility 
or  of  vital  force,  towards  an  organ.  It  is  applied, 
■ilso,  to  the  pulsation  of  arteries,  when  not  easily 
ft'lt  uTuler  tlie  finger.  ^ 

POULS  CONCENTRE,  (F.)  A  term  ap- 
plied by  the   French   to  a   pulse  of  the   above 

CONCEPTACULA  SEMINARIA,  Vesiculse 
seminariic. 

CONCEPTACULUM,  Uterus,  Vessel. 

CONCKPTIO,  Conception  — c.  Vitiosa,  Preg- 
niini'v.  extra-uterine. 

CdXOEP'TION,  Conccj>'t>o,  Coiieep'tun,  Ci/e'- 
nis,  Sjjlh'p'fu'n,  Aitdrolcp'sla,  from  concipin,  [com 
a'ld  ciipio,)  '  I  conceive.'  The  impregnation  of 
t'le  ovum  by  the  positive  contact  of  the  male 
spirin,  whence  results  a  new  being.  The  whole 
subject  of  conception  is  most  mysterious.  It 
SKoms  to  occur  as  follows.  During  the  sexual 
uiiiiin,  the  male  sperm  piU'sses  along  the  uterus 
and  Fallopian  tubes:  the  fimbriated  extremities 
of  the  latter  seize  hold  of  the  ovarium  ;  and  the 
s]ierin  in  this  manner  comes  in  contact  with  a 
maturated  ovum,  and  impregnates  it.  The  fe- 
C'lnibited  ovum  remains  some  time  in  the  ovarium, 
but  at  length  bursts  its  covering,  is  laid  hold  of 
by  the  fimbriated  extremity  of  the  Fallopian 
tubes,  and  passes  along  the  tube  into  the  cavity 
of  the  uterus,  where  it  remains  for  the  full  period 
of  utero-gestation.  Some  are  of  opinion,  that 
the  ovum  is  not  impregnated  until  it  has  entered 
the  Fallopian  tube,  or  uterus. 

Concep'tiov,  Fai.se,  Fk/suh  Concep'tuK,  Spn'- 
rhini  ijermeu,  (F.)  Fdiinne  Coiicepttou,  Faux  c/ernie. 
An  irregular,  preternatural  conception,  the  result 
of  which  is  a  mole  or  some  similar  production, 
instead  of  a  properly  organized  foetus.    See  Mole. 

COXCRP'TUS.  The  first  rudiments  of  the 
fetus,  after  conception.     Also,  conception. 

CoNi'KPTi's  Falsus,  Conception,  false. 

rOXCIIA,  Coiichus,  Koy^n,  'a  concave  shell.' 
A  linuiil  measure,  amongst  the  Athenians,  equal 
t'l  half  an  ounce.  Anatomists  apply  this  term  to 
several  hollow  parts  of  the  body  ; — as  the  Ooucha 
of  titr  Eur, —  Concha  Aurin,  Conchu  Auric'ulcB  ; 
{?.)  Cnixfuc — the  hollow  part  of  the  cartilage  of 
the  external  ear.  It  has,  also,  been  applied  to 
the  genital  organs  of  the  female;  to  the  pa- 
tella, Ac. 

CoxcHA,  Patella,  Turbinated  bone  (middle,) 
A'ulva  —  c.  Auris  interna.  Cochlea  —  c.  Cerebri, 
Infundibulum  of  the  brain — e.  Genu,  Patella — o. 
Inferior,  Turbinated  bone,  (inferior)  —  c.  Laby- 
rinthi,    Cochlea  —  c.    Morgagniana,    Turbinated 


bone,  (superior)— c.  Narium  superior,  Turbinated 
bone,  (superior.) 

COXCH/E  NARIUM,  Turbinated  bones  — c. 
Veneris,  Turbinated  bones. 

COXCIIA'RUM  ANTIFEBRULE.  A  febri- 
fuge and  sudorific  preparation  in  Bates's  Phnrma- 
copteia.  It  was  composed  of  vinegar,  mussel- 
shells,  and  water  of  Carduui  beiiedictus. 

CONCHO-IIELIX.  A  small,  fleshy  fascicu- 
lus, attached  to  the  concha  of  the  ear  and  helix. 
It  is  also  called  the  small  muscle  of  the  helijc. 

CONCIIUS,  CoHcha.  The  cranium.  In  the 
plural,  it  means  the  orbitar  cavities. — Castelli. 

CoNCHus  OcuLi,  Orbit. 

CONCHYLIA,  Turbinated  bones. 

CONCIDENTIA,  Collapse. 

CONCILIA  CORPORALIA,  Coition. 

CONCIL'IUM.  A  milky  plant,  referred  to  by 
Pliny  as  aphrodisiac  and  antiphthisical.  Adanson 
considers  it  to  be  a  Camj>auula. 

CONCOCTED,  Coucoc'tus,  Matura'tus,  Pepei'- 
rus ;  from  con  and  coquere,  'to  boil.'  Brought  to 
maturity  ;  ripe  ;  concocted  ;  digested. 

CONCOCTIO,  Coction— c.  Tarda,  Dyspepsia. 

CONCOCTION,  Coction. 

CONCOMBRE  ORDINAIRE,  Cucumis  sati- 
vus — c.  Sauratje,  Momordica  elaterium. 

CONCOMlf  ANS,  Concomitant. 

CONCOM'ITANT,  Coucovi' itans,  from  con  and 
comitarc,  (itself  from  comire  —  cum  and  ire,)  'to 
go  with.'  That  which  accompanies.  A  symptom 
which  accompanies  others. 

CONCREMATIO,  Calcination. 

CONCREMENTA  ZOOliYLICA,  see  Zoo- 
hylica. 

CONCREMENTUM,  Concretion. 

CONOR ETIO,  Adherence,  Concretion— c. 
Palpebrarum  cum  bulbo  oculi,  Symblepharosis. 

CONCRE'TION,  Concre'tio,  Coiicremeu'tum, 
from  concrescere,  coyicretum,  (con  and  crescere,) 
'  to  condense,  thicken,  become  solid :'  Pexis, 
Si/mpex'is,  vrj^is,  avjiini^ii.  The  act  of  becoming 
thick  or  solid.  It  was  once  used  synonj'mously 
with  adhesion  or  growing  together — as,  "concre- 
tion of  the  toes."  Most  commonly,  it  is  applied 
to  extraneous  and  inorganic  bodies,  of  a  solid 
character,  met  with  in  ditferent  textures,  after 
certain  chronic  inflammations ;  or  which  make 
their  appearance  in  the  joints  or  in  the  reservoirs 
for  exerementitial  fluids.  Concretion  is,  there- 
fore, frequently  sj'nonymous  with  Culcnhts,  and 
is  then  rendered,  in  Latin,  by  the  word  Concre- 
jnenlum.  But  Concretion  has  a  more  extensive 
signification  than  Calculus ;  thus,  accidental  ossi- 
fications or  deposits  of  phosphate  of  lime  in  cer- 
tain organs,  and  especially  in  the  liver  and  lungs, 
are  properly  called  osseoiis  concretions.  They 
could  not  well  be  called  osseous  calculi. 

CoNCUETioN,  FiBniNOUs,  Saxguineoos,  Po- 
i.YPii^oujf,  or  Polypous,  op  the  Heart,  see  Poly- 
pus— 0.  Intestinalis,  Calculus  of  the  Stomach  and 
Intestines. 

CONCRETIONES  ALVIN^,  Calculi  of  the 
stomach  and  intestines. 

CONCUBITUS,  Coition— c.  Venereus,  Coition. 

CONCUR'SUS,  from  coneurrere,  (con,  and  cur- 
rere,  cursum,  'to  run,')  'to  meet  together,'  Syn'- 
tlrome.  The  congeries  or  collection  of  symptoms, 
which  constitute  and  distinguish  a  particular  dis- 
ease. 

CONCUS'SION,  Commo'tion,  from  concufio, 
concuss}(m,  (con  and  quatcre,  'to  shake,')  'I  shake 
together.'  Concus'sio,  Thlasma  Concus'sio,  Gom- 
mo'lio,  Anasis'mus,  Tinarpuus,  (F.)  Commotion. 
In  Surgery,  it  is  used  for  the  agitation  often  com- 
municated to  one  organ  by  a  fall  upon  another; 
as  to  the  brain  from  a  fall  on  the  breech,  Ac. 

In  all  severe  injuries,  in  sudden  encephalic 
hemorrhage,  and  in  overwhelming  emotions,  a 


COXDENSANTIA 


230 


CONFECTIO 


ennciissi'oii  or  shoch  is  felt  to  a  greater  or  less  ex- 
tent in  the  nervous  system,  which  requires  the 
careful  attontion  of  the  physician. 

Concussion  or  thk  Biiain,  Commo'tio  Cer'ehri, 
Apoplcr'ia  nervo'an  traii7>>at'icn,  Encephaloiis'- 
■muH,  (F.)  Commotion  dii  Cervean,  sometimes  gives 
rise  to  alarming  symptoms,  even  to  abolition  of 
the  functions  of  the  brain,  yet  without  any  sen- 
sible organic  disease.  Slight  concussion  of  the 
bruin,  called  utitiinhig,  consists  in  vertigo,  tinnitus 
aurium,  loss  of  memorjs  and  stupefaction;  all 
these  being  temporary.  When  more  severe,  there 
is  instant  loss  of  sensation  and  volition,  vomiting, 
the  patient  being  as  if  in  a  sound  sleep,  but  there 
is  no  stertorous  breathing.  Pulse  variable,  gene- 
rally more  rapid  and  feeble  than  in  compression; 
extremities  cold.  Little  can  be  done  here,  till 
reaction  has  occurred:  after  this,  the  case  must 
1)0  treated  according  to  general  principles, — by 
bleeding,  blisters,  cold  applied  to  the  head,  &c. 
After  severe  concussion,  a  patient,  although  ap- 
parently well,  is  not  safe  till  some  time  after  the 
accident. 

CONDENSAN'TIA,  from  con  and  densus, 
'dense;'  Incra-isan'tia.  Medicines  esteemed 
proper  for  inspissating  the  humours. 

CONDENSATIO,  Condensation,  Stegnosis. 
CONDENSA'TION,   Cundensa'tio,  Lispissa'ti'o. 
Increase  in  density  of  the  blood  and  other  liquids, 
or  of  the  solids,  which  enter  into  the  composition 
of  the  human  body. 

CONDENSER,  see  Alembic. 
Conden'seu,  LiEBiGs's.  A  distillatory  arrange- 
ment, invented  by  Liebig,  in  which  the  tube  con- 
veying the  vapour  is  made  to  paSiS  through  an- 
other tube,  the  calibre  of  which  is  such  as  to 
leave  a  space  between  the  two,  through  which  a 
stream  of  water  may  be  made  to  run. 

CON'DIMENT,  'Coniimen'tnm,  Ar'fi/mcx,  He- 
dj/n'mn,  Condilu'io,  from  coudlre,  'to  season.' 
(F.)  Assaisnonncmeiit.  Some  Substances  are  called, 
at  times,  aliments,  and  at  others,  condimcntn,  ac- 
cording as  they  constitute  the  basis  or  the  acces- 
sory to  any  dish:  such  are  cream,  butter,  mush- 
rooms, olives,  <fec.  Others  arc  .always  condiments, 
as  they  are  only  used  to  improve  the  savour  of 
food,  and  contain  but  little  nutritive  matter.  Such 
are  pepper,  salt,  cinnamon,  <fec.  Almost  all  con- 
diments are  possessed  of  stimulant  properties. 
CONDir,  Confectio. 

CONDI'TUM,  same  etymon.  A  pharmaceu- 
tical compound  of  wine,  honey,  and  some  aro- 
matics,  especially  pepper.  Also,  a  confection. 
CONDITURA  CADAVERUM,  Embalming. 
CONDO.M,  Armonr,  (F.)  Bnndniche,  liedln- 
ffote  Angluise,  Gnnt  dcs  JJnmes,  Cii/otte  d' assu- 
rance, Penu  divine.  The  intestinum  cascum  of  a 
sheep,  soaked  for  some  hours  in  water,  turned 
inside  out,  macerated  again  in  weak,  alkaline  ley, 
changed  every  twelve  hours,  and  scraped  care- 
fully to  abstract  the  mucous  membrane,  leaving 
the  peritonej\l  and  muscular  coats  exposed  to  the 
vapour  of  burning  brimstone,  and  afterwards 
■washed  with  soap  and  water.  It  is  then  blown 
wp,  dried,  cut  to  the  length  of  seven  or  eight 
inches,  and  bordered  at  the  open  end  with  a 
riband.  It  is  drawn  over  the  penis  prior  to  coi- 
tion, to  prevent  venereal  infection  and  pregnancy. 
It  received  its  name  from  its  proposer.  Dr.  Con- 
dom. 

CONDUCTIO,  Tonic  spa=m.  Convulsion. 
CONDUCTION,   VIBRATIONS    OP,   see 
Sound. 

CONDUCTOR,  Direc'tor,  Itinera'rinm,  (F.) 
Oondiictenr ;  from  con,  'with,'  and  ducere,  diie- 
inm,  'to  len.ll.'  That  which  conducts.  The  Con- 
ductor was  an  instrument,  formerly  used  in  the 
high  operation  for  the  stone,  for  directing  the 
forceps  into  the  bladder. 


CONDUIT,  Canal  —  c.  Auditif  externe,  Audi, 
tory  canal,  external — c.  Auditif  interne.  Auditory 
canal,  internal  —  c.  Aiiricidaire,  Auditory  canni, 
external — c.  ChoUdoqne,  Choledoch  duct — <•.  I)e- 
fh'cnt,  Deferens — c.  d' Enstacke,  Eustachian  tiihe 
— c.  Uiittnralc  de  I'orei/le,  Eustachian  tube — r.Ln. 
byrinthiqne,  Auditory  canal,  internal — c.  I'teii/. 
f/oidien,  Pterygoid  canal — c.  dc  la  Pitdenr,  Vngin.i 
— c.  SouHorbitaire,  Suborbitar  canal — c.  Sftcnmi. 
tique,  Deferens  (vas)  —  c.  Thoniciqiie,  Tborai'io 
duct — c.  Vidien,  Pterygoid  canal. 

CONDUITS  ADIPEUX,  Fatty  canals -o. 
Aquenx,  see  Aqueous  —  c.  Avcngles  de  Vuvtlhre, 
see  Caccus — c  Dentaires,  Dental  canals — c.  Ejn- 
culateurs,  Ejaculatory  ducts — c.  Lacnjmaiu;  La- 
chrymal  ducts — c.  Lactifires,  Lactiferous  vesiitU 
— c.  Nonrriciers,  Canals,  nutritive — c.  NiitricieiH, 
Canals,  nutritive. 

CONDYLARTIIRO'SIS,  from  Koviv^os,  'aeon- 
dyle,'  and  apfi/jov,  'a  joint.'  Articulation  by  cmi- 
dylcs.  An  elongated  head  or  condyle,  received 
into  an  elliptical  cavity. 

CON'DYLE,  Con'dylS,  Con'dijlns,  Capit'iilum, 
from  Kovliv\oi,  'a  knot,  eminenc^e.'  An  artitiil:ir 
eminence,  round  in  one  direction,  flat  in  the  other. 
A  kind  of  process,  met  with  more  ])articularly  ia 
the  ginglymoid  joints; — such  as  the  cuiulyles  of 
the  occipital,  inferior  maxillary  bone,  Ac.  Soiiw 
anatomists  have  applied  the  term,  however,  to 
eminences  that  are  not  articular, — as  to  the  late- 
ral tuberosities  at  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  o» 
humeri,  and  even  to  certain  depressions, — as  to 
the  concave  articular  surfaces  at  the  upper  extre- 
mity of  the  tibia.  Chaussier  calls  the  transvurse 
root  of  the  zj'gomatic  process  Condyle  of  the  tern- 
poral  hone. 

CONDYLI  DIGITORUM  MANUS,  Phalanges 
of  the  fingers. 

COND  YUEN,  see  Condyloid  Foramina. 

CONDYLIUS,  Condyloid. 

CON'DYLOID,  CondijloVdeus,  Oondijlo'des, 
Condyl'iua,  from  Kov6v\oi,  'a  condyle,'  and  tiiof, 
'shape.'     Having  the  shape  of  a  condyle. 

Condyloid  Foram'inA,  Foram'inn  OondyhnJea, 
(F.)  Trous  condylo'idiens,  Fosses  condyloidieiiiics. 
They  are  distinguished  into  anterior  and  jmslc- 
rioy.  They  are  four  in  number,  seated  in  the 
occipital  bone; — two  anterior,  and  two  posterior 
to  the  condyles  or  condyloid  processes  of  tlio 
same  bone,  and  to  depressions,  which  are  called 
FosscB  CundyloidecB. 

As  the  word  Condylo'idicn  means,  'that  which 
has  the  shape  of  a  condyle,'  it  has  been  juili- 
ciously  proposed  by  some  French  anatomists  that 
condylieti  should  be  used  in  preference,  in  tlie 
cases  of  the  foramina  and  fossaj. 

CONDYLOiDIEN,  see  Condyloid  Foraminii. 

CONDYLO'MA,  Condylo'sis,  Cou'dylns,  IVr- 
ru'ca  carno'sa,  from  kov&vXo;,  'a  knot,'  'an  emi- 
nence.' A  soft,  fleshy  excrescence,  of  an  indolent 
character,  which  appears  near  the  orifice  of  the 
genital  organs  and  rectum,  and  occasionally  nn 
the  fingers  and  toes.  It  is  a  consequence  of  the 
syphilitic  virus.  Such  tumours  are  also  called 
Dermophi/'mata  vene'ren. 

CONDYLOSIS,  Condvloma. 

CONDYLUS,  Condyloma. 

CONEFLOWER,  Rudbeckia  laciniata-c. 
Purple,  Echinacea  purpurea. 

CONEINE,  see  Conium. 

CONESSI  CORTEX,  Nerium  antidysenteri- 
cum. 

CONFECTIO,  Confec'tion,  from  conficio,  c"- 
fectnm,  {con  and  faeere,  'to  make,')  'I  make  up.' 
Alifj'nlns,  (F.)  Conjit,  Confiture,  Condit.  In  gene- 
ral,  it  means  anything  made  up  or  preserved  wiit 
sugar.  In  the  Pharmacopoeias  of  the  United 
;  States,  London,  and  Dublin,  it  includes  the  arti- 


CONFECTIO 


231 


CONFECTIO 


clcs  before  called  electuaries  ami  conserves.  Con- 
fi-v'tJi)  or  Ciniffc'tiiin  also  incans  Confectionary. 
CoNFiicTio  ALKi;itMi;s,  Alkermes. 
C'oNFKCTH)  Amyguala'rdm,  (J.  Amyq'dulm,  Con- 
ti'ira  aini/i/diita'rnm,  Almond  Confection,  Almond 
J'dite,  I'dHlit  re'ijia  sen  Amytfdali'na  seu  Emnl- 
gi'vn,  Jinly'rnm  Amyydtiln' rum  Did'cinm,  (F.) 
Confection  d' Amttnden.  (Smect  (tlmondu,  ,^viij; 
ynm  ncncin,  ^^j  ;  v)hltK  sin/or,  ^iv.  Blancit  the 
Hlmonils,  and  heat  into  a  paste.)  A  good  mode 
of  keeping  almonds  in  a  state  fit  for  making 
cniuli'ions. 

CoXFKCTlO  Archig"e\I,  C.  Ponli'nn.  {Cnxtor, 
lonij  pfipper,  blnck  pepper,  nforar,  f/filljriniim, 
C'lHtits,  opinin,  of  each  3***)  soffron,  ^\]  ;  m/rnp 
of  ivormwooii,  3'.)-)  I'  ^^as  much  recommended 
as  n  slitnulant  in  nervous  affections. 

CoNFKcrio  Ahomat'ica,  C.  Cnrdi'aca  seu  Ra- 
leit/liii'iKi,  Elertnn' rinni  Aroniat' icitm,  Aromatic 
Confection,  S'ir  ]V(i/ter  Jialeiy/i't,  Cordiol.  The 
followitig  is  the  formula,  (Ph.  U.S.):  Pnlv.  aro- 
m<it.  5*''*'  <^roci,  in  pulv.  ^ss  ;  syrnp.  anrnnt. 
3vj;  Mel  denpnnidf.  ^\}.  Rub  the  aromatic 
powder  with  the  satfron ;  then  add  the  syrup  and 
iioncy.  and  l)eat  together  ui^til  thoroughly  mixed. 
Dose,  9.i  f"  3i- 

CoNF^:cTlo  AnnANTio'iiOM,  C.  Anrmi'tii  Cor'- 
ticin,  (Ph.  U.S.),  Conner' i)a  Cnr'ticnm  Anrantio'- 
rnin  seu  Cor'tiein  Exterio'ris  Anrontii  Hispnlen'- 
Kin  seu  Fl'ived'iniv  Corticnm  Anrnntiornm  Hinpn- 
len'ainm  seu  Anraniii  seu  Citri  Anrnntii,  Confec- 
tion if  the  Ormir/e,  Conxerve  of  Oranc/e  Peel. 
(  Yellow  port  of  tile  peel  of  the  ornnije,  tt)j  ;  rec- 
tified foii/iir,  ftiij  ;  beat  into  a  conserve.)  It  is 
stomachic,  and  an  agreeable  vehicle,  eorrigent, 
and  adjuvant  for  other  remedies.  Dose,  ,^ss. 
CoNFKCTio  Caudiaca,  Confectio  aromatica. 
CoXFKCTlo  Cas'sItE,  Conserra  cassia,  Electna'- 
riiini  CiissifB  Fis'tiilcB  seu  Cassia  seu  c  Cossiii  seu 
lii.rfitl'riim  seu  Cassia  taniarinda'tnm  seu  leniti'- 
vuiii  seu  e  Cassid,  Diacos'sia  cnm  Manna,  Cassia 
Confection.  (Cassia  pinlp,  Ibss ;  manna,  ,^ij  ," 
tomorind  pnlp,  ^j  ;  syrnp  of  roses,  f^^viij. 
Bruise  the  manna.,  dissolve  by  heat,  mix  the 
])ulp,  and  eva))orate. — (Ph.  L.)  It  is  gently  laxa- 
tive.    Dose,  ^^ss. 

Con'kkc'tio  Cat'eohu  Compos'itum,  Electna'- 
riiiiii  Catechu,  Coinponiiil  Confec'tion  of  Catechu. 
(Pnlu.  catechu  cotiip.  I^v  (avoirdupois):  Syrup, 
f^v,  mix.  (Ph.  D.)  The  Edinburgh  confection 
is  formed  of  catechu  and  Iciiio,  each  ^iv;  cinna- 
mon and  nntmeij,  each  ^i  ;  opium,  diffused  in  a 
little  sherry,  CJiss  ;  Syrnp  of  lied  Hoses,  of  the 
consistence  of  honey,  Oiss  (Imp.  meas.):  mixed 
and  thoroughly  beaten  together.  A  grain  of 
opium  is  contained  in  about  200  grains  of  the 
mass.  Dose,  as  an  astringent,  ^^ss  to  gj. 
CoNFRCTio  DvMocnATis,  Mltliridate. 
CoNFKCTio  IIamec — so  called  from  an  Arabian 
physician  —  was  composed  of  the  bark  of  the 
yellow  niyrohalans,  black  myrohalans,  violets,  pulp 
of  colovynth,  polypodinin  of  the  oak,  leares  of 
icormwood,  thyme,  aniseed,  fennel,  red  roses,  pulps 
of  prunes,  raisins,  snijar,  honey,  senna,  rhubarb, 
&C.     It  was  used  as  a  purgative  in  glysters. 

CoN'FECTio  IIvacin'thi,  Hy'acinth  Confection, 
Elictna'riuin  seu  Confec'tio  de  Croco  emenda'ta 
ollin  dicta  de  hi/acin'this,  (Ph.  P.)  A  tonic  and 
slightly  astringent  confection,  composed,  accord- 
ing to  BiUime,  of  terra  siijillata,  crabs'  stones, 
ciiiniimioi,  leares  of  the  dittany  of  Crete,  myrrh, 
saffron,  syrup  of  lemon,  camphor,  Narbonne  honey, 
nil  of  lemon,  ,tc. :  and  formerly  the  hyacinth  was 
added,  whence  its  name. 

CoXFKOTio  O'i'il.  ('■  opin'ta,  Elcetna' rium  Opia'- 
tum  seu  O'pii,  Philo'niuin  Londinen'se  sou  Roma'- 
nuiii,  Theriaca  Edinen'sis,  Electua'riiiin  Theba'- 
icum.  Opium  Confection,  (Opium,  in  powder, 
3ivss;   Pulv.  aromat.  "^y'y,  Mel  despumat,  3xivj 


mix  thoroughly.  One  grain  of  opium  in  .36  :  — 
Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  narcotic  and  stimulant.  Dose, 
gr.  X  to  9j. 

Confectio  Paulina,  Confectio  Archigeni  —  e. 
ex  Capitibus  papaveris,  Diacodium. 

Confectio  Pip'euis,  C.  Piperis  nigri,  Electua'- 
rium  Piperis,  Ward's  Paste  for  Fis'tula.  (Black 
pepper,  elecampane  root,  each  Ibj  ;  fennel  seed, 
thiij ;  honey  and  sugar,  each  Ibij,  (Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  size  of  a  nutmeg,  three  or  four  times  iv 
day. 

Confectio  Raleighana,  Confectio  aromatica. 

Confectio  Ros^k,  C.  Rosa  Gal'lica  seu  Rosa 
rubra,  Conser'ra  Rosa  seu  Rosa  (lal'lica  seu 
Flornni  Rosa'rum  Riibra'rum  seu  Florum  Roses 
Rubra,  Rhodosac'charnm,  Sac'chnmim  Rosa'ce- 
Hin,  Confection  of  the  Red  Rose.  (Red  roses,  in 
powder.  ,^iv;  Sugar,in  powder,  ^xxx;  Clarified 
honey,  ^vj;  Rose  water,  f^^viij.  Rub  the  roses 
with  the  rose  water  at  a  boiling  heat;  then  ad  I 
gradually  the  sugar  and  honey,  and  beat  until 
thoroughly  mixed. — Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  astringent, 
and  chiefly  used  as  a  vehicle  for  other  remedies. 

Confectio  Ros.4;  Cani'n^e,  Conser'ra  Rosa 
Cani'na  seu  Rosa  F'rnctiis  seu  Cynos'bati  seu 
Cynor'rhodi,  Rob  Cynos'batos,  Confection  or  Con- 
serve of  Do;/  Rose.  (Pulp  (f  dog  rose,  tbj  :  sugar, 
5 XX.  Incorporate.  Ph.  L.)  It  is  chiefly  used 
as  a  vehicle  for  other  remedies. 

Confectio  Rut.*;,  Confection  of  Rue.  (Rue 
leaves,  dried,  carrairay  seeds,  bay  berries,  of  each 
^iss;  sagapeninn,  ^\v  ;  black  pepper,  ^\y,  honey, 
^xvj.  Mix. — Ph.  L.)  It  is  given  in  clysters,  as 
an  antispasmodic  and  carminative. 

CoNPBCTio  DE  San'tai.is,  Coufcction  of  the 
Sanders,  (F.)  Confection  de  Sandan.r.  {Satidol 
wood,  red  coral,  bole  armeniac,  terra  sigillatn, 
kermes  berries,  tormentil  root,  dittany,  saffron, 
myrtle,  red  roses,  calcined  hartshorn,  and  cloves.) 
It  was  formerly  used  as  an  astringent. 

Confectio  Scammo'nii,  FJlectua'rium  Scammo'- 
nii  seu  e  Scammo'nio,  Caryocost' inum.  Confection 
of  Scam'mony.  (Powdered  scammony,  5'*^  ■ 
bruised  cloves,  powdered  ginger,  aa  ,^vj  ;  oil  of 
carraway,  ^^s  ;  syrup  of  roses,  q.  s. — Ph.  L.)  A 
stimulating  cathartic.     Dose,  gss  to  Jl- 

Confectio  Senn.-e,  Electua' rium  Cassia  Senna, 
E.  Senna  cum  Pnlpis  seu  Senna  coinpos'itinn  seu 
ape'riens  seu  cath.ol'icnm  commu'ne  seu  diaprn'- 
num  seu  eccoprot'icum  seu  Senna  seu  e  Sennd  seu 
leniti'vum,  Bcnedic'tnm  Laxati'vum,  Confection 
of  Senna,  Len'itive  Elec'tuary.  &c.  (Senna  leaves, 
^viij  ;  figs,  Ibj  ;  tamarind  pulp,  cassia  pulp,  ^nlp 
of  French  prunes,  each  Ibss  :  coriander  seed,  ^iv  : 
liquorice  root,  ,^iij;  sugar,  tbiiss ;  water,  Oiv. 
Rub  the  senna  <nnd  cori.ander  together:  separate 
10  ounces  of  the  powder  with  a  sieve;  boil  the 
residue  with  the  figs  and  liquorice  root  in  the 
w.nter  to  one-half;  press  out  the  liquor  and  strain. 
Evaporate  the  liquor  by  means  of  a  water  batli 
to  a  pint  and  a  half;  add  the  sugar,  and  form  a 
syrup.  Rub  the  pulps  with  the  syrup,  gradually 
added;  throw  in  the  sifted  powder,  and  beat  till 
thoroughly  mixed.— Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  a  laxative, 
and  is  used  in  habitual  constipation,  and  in  con- 
stipation during  pregnancy.     Dose,  ^ss  to  ,^ss. 

Confectio  SuLrn'uiiis,  Confection  of  Sulphur. 
(Sulphur.  sidiUin.  ^ij  ;  Potass.  Bitart.  5J  ;  Mel. 
despumat.  ^j  ;  Syrnp.  Zingib.  Syrup  Croci,  ail 
f^^ss.  M.— Ph.  D.)  As  a  laxative  and  altera- 
tive.    Dose,  5J  to  3;ij. 

Confectio  TEiJEBiNTn'iN^.,  Confec'tion  of  Tnr'- 
pentine.  (01.  Tereb.  f^y,  Pulv.  Glycyrrhiz.  ^y, 
Mel.  despumat.  ^ij.  —  Ph.  D.)  An  agreeable 
mode  of  administering  turpentine.  Dose,  a  scru- 
ple to  a  drachm. 

Confectio  de  Thure,  Frank'incensc  Confec- 
tion, (F.)  Confection  d' Eneens.  A  compound  of 
coriander  seeds,  nutmeg,  thus,  liquorice,  mastich, 


CONFECTION 


23  2 


CONGLOBATE 


ciihehs,  prepared  hartshorn,  conserve  of  red  rosea, 
hnyar,  &c. 

CONFECTION,  Confectio— c.  d'Amnndes,  Con- 
fection, almond — c.  of  Catechu,  compound,  Con- 
foc'tio  catechu  coinpositum — c.  d'Encens,  Confectio 
do  Thure — c.  Frankincense,  Confectio  de  Thure 
c.  of  tlie  Orange,  Confectio  aurantiorum  —  c.  of 
tne  Red  rose,  Confectio  rosse  (Jallicae — c.  of  Rue, 
Confectio  rutre — c.  de  Snudaujc,  Confectio  de  san- 
talis — c.  of  the  Sanders,  Confectio  de  santalis — c. 
of  Sulphur,  Confectio  sulphuris  ■»- c.  of  Turpen- 
tine, Confectio  terebinthinae. 

COXFECTUM,  Confection. 

CONFERVA  HELMINTHOCORTOS,  Coral- 
liiia  Cursicana. 

CoNFEii'vA  Riva'lis.  This  species  of  River 
Weed  has  been  recommended  in  cases  of  spas- 
modic asthma,  phthisis,  <fec. 

CONFINEMENT,  Parturient  state. 

CONFIRM ANTIA,  Tonics. 

CONFIRMED,  Consummatus. 

CON  FIT.  Confectio. 

CONFITURE.  Confectio. 

CON'FLUENT,  Gon'flnens,  from  con,  and  flu- 
t'-e,  '  to  flosv  '  'Running  together.'  An  epithet 
fir  certain  e.xanthematous  affections,  in  which  the 
lamples,  pustules,, &c.,  run  together.  It  is  par- 
ticularly ajiplied  to  small-pox,  so  circumstanced. 
Some  authors  have  called  scarlatina  or  scarlet 
fever  Continent  Measien,  3/orbil'li  Gonjlnen'tes. 

CO  NFL  UENT  I)ES  SINUS,  Torcular  Hero- 
l.hili. 

CONFLUEN'TIA,  Confwdera'tio ;  same  ety- 
nion  as  Confluent.  A  term,  employed  by  Para- 
celsus to  express  the  concordance  between  a  dis- 
C.ise  and  its  remedies. 

CONFLUXIO,  Sympathy. 

CONF(EDERATIO,  Confluentia. 

CONFOR.MATIO,  Conformation,  Structure. 

CONFORMA'TION,  Conforma'tio,  Blop'iasis, 
JJiaplns'mns,  Structure,  from  conformare,  {con, 
and  forniare,  formatum,  'to  form,')  'to  arrange,' 
'  dispose.'  The  natural  disposition  or  arrange- 
ment of  the  body. 

Faulty  conformation,  (F.)  Vice  de  conformation, 
is  vice  of  original  formation  ;  existing,  of  course, 
from  birth.  In  French  surgery,  CoiiJ'orimttion  is 
used  synonymously  with  Coaptation,  and  both  it, 
/h'ajjlasis  and  Aiiaplasia  mean,  also,  restoration 
til  the  original  form — as  in  fractures,  <fec. 

CONFORTANTIA,  Tonics. 

CONFORTATIVA,  Tonics. 

CONFORTER  {¥.),  Confirma're,  Conforta're, 
Corrobora're,  {con,  and  fort  in,  'strong.')  To 
make  stronger  —  to  give  energy.  Conforter  I'es- 
tuinac,  '  to  strengthen  the  stomach.' 

CONFRICA'TION,  Confrica'tio,  from  confri- 
t'lre,  {con,  and  fricnre,  fricatnni,)  'to  rub.'  The 
action  of  reducing  a  friable  substance  to  powder, 
by  rubbing  it  between  the  fingers ;  and  of  ex- 
))ressing  the  juice  of  a  plant  with  the  hand. 

CONFRICA'TRIX,  from  con,  'with,'  and /n- 
care,  fricatiiin,  'to  rub.'  A  female  who  practises 
masturbation. 

CONFU'SyE  FEBRES.  Intcrraittents,  whose 
paroxysms  are  irregular  and  confused. — Bellini. 

CONFU'SIO,  from  confnndo,  {con  and  fnndere, 
fitunm,  'to  pour,')  'I  mix  together;'  Si/n'chisis. 
A  disease  of  the  eye,  which  consists  in  the  mix- 
ture of  the  humours. — Galen.  In  modern  times, 
Synchysis  has  been  applied  to  a  morbid  state  of 
tiie  vitreous  body,  in  which  it  is  reduced  to  a 
diffluent  condition.  Occasionally,  sparkling  bo- 
dies are  perceptible,  which  seem  to  be  seated  be- 
hind the  crystalline,  in  the  vitreous  humour: 
hence,  the  disease  has  been  called  xparlling  syn- 
chysis or  spinthero'pia,  from  <nrtvd)]p,  'a  spark,' 
and  oil/',  'the  eye;'  (F.)  Spintheropie,  ScintiUe- 


ment  de  I'ce.il.     Confusio  has,  also,  been  used  sy- 
nonymously with  Complejcio. 

CONFUSIONES  ANIMI,  Affections  of  the 
mind. 

CONGEE  DISCHARGES,  Rice-water  dis. 
charges. 

CONGELANTIA,  Congelativa, 

C0N(JELATIO,  Catalepsy. 

CONGELA'TION,  Con,,ela'tio,  Conglncia'tio, 
Gela'tio,  from  coiujelo,  {con,  and  (jelarc,  i/elalnm,) 
'I  congeal,'  'I  freeze.'  The  action  of  coiigoiding, 
of  passing  to  the  solid  state  by  the  abstraction  of 
heat;  as  congelation  of  loater,  mercury,  &c.  Tho 
term  had  once  other  acceptations.  1.  It  was  sy- 
nonymous with  concretion.  2.  With  coaynlntioii, 
in  which  sense  it  is  still  occasionally  euiployed. 
3.  The  ancients  called  all  diseases,  produced  by 
cold,  congelations,  as  well  as\hose  in  which  tliere 
was  a  kind  of  stupor  or  torpor — particularly  cata- 
lepsy.    Also,  F^rostbile,  (Prov.)  Kccnhitc. 

Congelation  of  a  part,  by  the  application  of 
powdered  ice  or  of  a  freezing  mixture,  in  a  blad- 
der or  gauze  bag,  has  been  employed  to  induce 
ana?sthesia  in  the  lesser  surgical  operations.  It 
has  al^o  been  used  in  external  inflauimiition. 

CONGELATI'VA  '  MEDICAMEN'TA,  Con- 
glntinan'tia,  Congclan'tia.  Medicines,  considered 
capable  of  uniting  or  consolidating  wounds,  &c. 

CON'GENER,  Congenerous,  from  con,  and 
genus,  generis,  'kind.'  (F.)  Contjencre.  Of  the 
same  kind  or  species.  Resembling  each  other  in 
some  manner.  When  applied  to  muscles,  it 
means,  that  they  concur  in  the  same  action;  in 
opposition  to  the  word  antagonist,  or  that  which 
acts  in  an  opposite  direction. 

In  France  Congenlres  is  applied  to  those  who 
join  in  the  dissection  of  the  same  subject. 

CONGENIAL,  Congenital. 

CONGENIALIS,  Congenital. 

CONGENITA  NOT^,  Nebvus. 

CONGEN'ITAL,  Con'genite,  Gongenia'lis,  Con. 
gen'itus,  Syngen'iciis,  from  coh,  and  genitiis,  'be- 
gotten.' (F.)  Congenial  ou  Congenital.  Diseases 
which  infants  have  at  birth  :  hence,  Congenit<d 
affections  are  those  that  depend  on  faulty  confor- 
mation ;  as  congenital  hernia,  congenital  cataract, 
&n.     See  Connate. 

CONCJESTED,  HypertBmic. 

CONGESTIO,  Congestion  —  c.  Abdominalis, 
CoelioDmia  —  c.  Pectoris,  Stethscmia  —  c.  Pulmo- 
num,  Stethsemia — c.  Sanguinis,  Congestion. 

CONGES'TION,  Conges' tio,  Rhope,  from  eon- 
gerere,  {con,  and  gercre,  gcstntn,  'to  carrj,')  'to 
amass,'  'accumulate,'  &c.  Symph'orn,  Ilamale- 
jjago'ge,  IIcBmatosymphore'sis,  Hamatosynayo' ije, 
IIcBmorme'sis,  Synipliore'ma,  Synvphore'sis,  Si/iia- 
throis'mns,  Synathroe'sis,  San'guinis  Coiirjen'tio, 
Engorgement.  Accumulation  of  blood — hijjjvra- 
mia — in  an  organ.  It  is  an  important  symptom 
in  febrile  and  other  disorders.  It  may  arise  cither 
from  an  extraordinary  flow  of  blood  by  the  arte- 
ries, or  from  a  dilliculty  in  the  return  of  blood  to 
the  heart  by  the  veins.  More  often,  perhaps,  it 
is  owing  to  the  latter  cause,  and  is  termed  vciioun 
congestion,  stasis  or  stagnation  —  being  not  unu- 
sually attended  with  symptoms  of  oppression  and 
collapse.     See  Hyperaemia. 

CoNGKSTioN  OF  THE  Abdomrn,  Cocliaemia  —  Ci 
of  the  Brain,  Stethaemia — c.  Cerebrule,  Cephalo- 
haemia — c.  du  Cerveau,  Cephaloh«mia — c.  of  the 
Lungs,  Stethaemia  —  c.  des  Ponrnons,  Stcthajmia 
— c.  Sanguine  ruchidienne,  IlypcrmyelidiipmiiU 

CONGEST'IVE,  Gongesti'vus,  (F.)  Coiigettif. 
Belonging  or  relating  to,  or  affected  with,  con- 
gestion— as  'congestive  fever.' 

CoNGKSTivE  Fkveu,  scc  Fcvcr,  congestive. 

CONGLACIATIO,  Congelation. 

CONG  L0'BATE,Coii</fo6a'<i(«,  from  coiij'olart, 


CONGLOBiS 


28  3 


CONOID 


fron,  and  rflobvn,  'a  ball,')  'to  collect,'  'to  gather 
into  n  hall.'     (F.)  Vomjlobe. 

CoNca.oBATK  Gland,  Glnn'ihda  con'jhthn'ta, 
Ifi/(lni<lrii,  O'tnliiite  ijlniid,  Lt/tiiphat'tc  yitn'ylion, 
(F.)  (Ildiiile  Coiifjlobee,  Gmiijlion  ii/mphatiqiie. 
A  roiiiiil  l)i>dy,  formed  of  lymphatic  vessels,  con- 
nected together  hy  cellular  structure,  but  having 
neither  a  cavity  nor  excretory  duct.  The  me- 
senteric, inguinal  and  axillary  glands  are  of  this 
class. 

CONOLOn:^,  Conglobate. 

CONULOM'ERATE,  Gonfjlomera'tm,  from  con, 
and  ijlomcrare,  glomerutuvi,  'to  gather  in  a  heap.' 
(Iloin'ernle,  Glomera'tiw,  (F.)  Cou<jlo7Her6,  Heaped 
together. 

Concji.om'eratf,  Glands,  Glan'dxdcE  cnuglome- 
ra'im  seu  vaHcido'sa,  are  those  whose  lobules  are 
united  under  the  same  membrane;  as  the  liver, 
kidney,  testicle,  &c. 

CONGLOMERATIO  INTESTINORUM,  Epi- 
ploce  intestinalis. 

COXtJLUTINANTIA,  Congelativa. 

COXGRES  (F.),  Congress,  Cimgrea'sne,  from 
riiiigredi.  coitgresstis,  {con,  and  (jroili,  'to  go,')  'to 
go  together.'  This  terra,  which  has  often  been 
used  synonymously  with  Coition,  means,  also,  the 
ocular  proof,  formerly  ordered  by  judicial  au- 
tliority,  in  the  presence  of  surgeons  and  matrons, 
to  test  the  im|)otence  or  capabilities  of  parties; — 
n  most  unsatisfactory  and  indecent  exhibition. 
It  was  forbidden  by  the  Parliament  of  Paris  in 
the  year  TOO". 

COXGRESSUS,  Coition. 

CONI  YASCULO'SI,  Cor'pora  pijramida'lia 
testis.  Conical  bundles,  formed  by  the  vasa  efife- 
roiitia  of  the  testis ;  having  their  base  towards 
the  epididymis,  into  the  tube  of  which  they  enter. 

CONIA,  Kovia.  A  wine,  pre()ared  by  ferment- 
ing the  must  of  the  grape  on  tar  previously  washed 
ill  sea-water.  —  Ortila.  See,  also,  Conium,  and 
Lixivium. 

CONIASTS.  Incrustation. 

CONICIXE,  see  Conium. 

CO XII  FOLIA,  see  Conium  —  c.  Semen,  see 
Conium. 

CO.VfrNE,  see  Conium. 

COXINE,  see  Conium. 

CONIOSTOSIS,  Pulverization. 

COX  IS,  Pulvis. 

COXISTKRIUM,  Apodyterium. 

COXI'UM,  C.  miicida'tnm,  Abi'otes,  Corian'- 
drum  mnrii/a'tiim,  Cicnta  major  seu  niticuld'tii  sen 
Sloerhii  seu  terres'tris  seu  major  foe'tida  seu  vid- 
gn'ris,  Common  or  Poison  Hemlock,  llendock, 
J'oisnn  pnrslej/,  Spotted  parsley,  (Sc.)  Hiunloik, 
(F.)  eigne  ordinaire,  C.  graiide  ou  officinale. 
Ord.  Uinbellifera;.  Se.r.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digy- 
nia.  The  leaves,  Coni'i  Folia,  and  seeds,  Coni'i  \ 
Semen,  are  narcotic  and  poisonous  in  an  over-  j 
(lose.  Light  destroys  the  virtues  of  the  leaves  ; 
and,  therefore,  the  powder  should  be  kept  in 
opaque  bottles,  well  corked.  It  has  been  used  as 
n  palliative  in  cancer  and  other  painful  affections  ; 
but  is  not  ecjual  to  opium.  Externally,  it  has 
been  applied  in  fomentation  to  cancerous  and 
scrofulous  ulcers.     Dose,  gr.  ij  to  x. 

Its  active  principle  is  Coni'a,  Conine,  Coniine, 
Coneine,  Conicine,  Ciciitiiie.  It,  or  its  salts,  have 
been  given  as  sedatives  to  the  nervous  centres 
in  various  neuralgic  and  spasmodic  diseases.  It 
is  a  most  energetic  poison. 

Da'ridson's  Remedy  for  Cancer  is  said  to  con- 
sist of  powdered  lieinloch  and  arseninns  acid. 

CoNUM  MosniA'TirM,  Aracacha.  A  very  agree- 
able and  nutritive  kind  of  tuberous  vegetable,  in 
flavour  not  unlike  celery,  which  grows  on  the 
coast  of  Peru,  but  is  mor«  abundant  on  the  pro- 
jecting ridges  of  the  Cordilleras,  and  on  the  east- 


ern declivity  of  the  Andes.  It  is  cooked  by  being 
either  simply  boiled  in  water,  or  made  into  a  kind 
of  soup. — Tsehudi. 

COy.IONCTI  VE.  Conjunctiva. 

COXJOXCTIVITE,  see  Ophthalmia— c.  Blen. 
i)orrha(ji</i(e,  see  Ophthalmia. 

COXJLGAISON,  Conjugation. 

CON  J  UGA'TION,  Conjuga'tio,  from  eonjiigare, 
conjugatum,  (con,  and  jugum,  'a  yoke,')  'to  yoke 
together.'  {¥.}  Conjugaison.  Assemblage,  union, 
—  Conjn'ginm. 

Co.njugatio'nis  Foram'ina,  (F.)  Trona  de  eon- 
jngaison.  The  apertures  at  the  sides  of  the  spine, 
formed  by  the  union  of  the  notches  of  the  verte- 
brae. They  give  passage  to  the  nerves  of  the 
spinal  marrow,  and  to  the  vessels  which  enter  or 
issue  from  the  vertebral  canal. 

COXJUGIUM,  Coition,  Conjugation. 

COXJUNC'TI  (MORBI),  from  conjnngere,  {con, 
and  jungere,  jtnicturn.)  'to  join  together.'  Dis- 
eases joined  together.  Authors  have  distin- 
guished two  kinds  of  these:  one,  in  which  the 
diseases  go  on  simultaneously  —  morhi  connex'i ; 
the  other,  in  which  they  succeed  each  other ^ 
viorbi  conseqiien'tes. 

CON.JUNCTIO,  Articulation. 

CONJUNCTIVA,  CUTICULAR,  Xerophthal- 
mia—c.  Granular,  Trachoma. 

CoNJlTNCTi'vA  Membiia'na,  Circumcaiila'h'a, 
Epipeph'yvos,  Tii'niea  agna'tn  SCU  adna'ta  seu 
coujuneti'va,  Tunda  oc'ti/i,  (F.)  Conjonctivc,  Mem- 
brane adnee.  A  mucous  membrane,  so  called 
because  it  unites  the  globe  of  the  eye  with  the 
eyelids.  It  covers  the  anterior  surface  of  the  eye, 
the  inner  surface  of  the  eyelids,  and  the  canineula 
lacrymalis.  It  possesses  great  general  sensibi- 
lity, communicated  to  it  by  the  fifth  pair. 

CON.JUXCTIVITIS,  Ophthalmia  — c.  ^gyp- 
tiaca.  Ophthalmia,  purulent  —  c.  Rlennorrhagica, 
see  Ophthalmia  —  c.  Catarrhalis,  Ophthalmia, 
catarrhal  —  c.  Gonorrhoica.  see  Ophthalmia  —  c. 
Puro-mucosa  catarrhalis.  Ophthalmia,  catarrhal 
— c.  Puro-mucosa  contagiosa  seu  ^gyptiaca,  Oph- 
thalmia, i)urulent. 

COXJIINtiEXS,  Communicans. 

CONNATE,  Conna'tus,  (F.)  Conne,  from  con, 
and  natus,  'born  with.' 

Connate  Disea.si;s,  (F.)  3laladies  connees, 
Morbi  conna'ti,  are  such  as  an  individual  is  bora 
with  : — connate  having  the  same  signification  as 
congenital.  A  difference  has  been  made  by  some, 
however;  those  diseases  or  conditions  which  are 
dependent  upon  original  conformation,  being 
called  congenital;  —  whilst  the  diseases  or  affec- 
tions that  may  have  supervened  during  gestation 
or  delivery,  are  termed  connate. 

CONNE,  Connate. 

CONNECT'ICUT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
There  is  a  mineral  spring  at  Stafford,  in  this  State, 
twentj'-four  miles  from  Hartford,  which  has  ob- 
tained more  celebrity  than  any  one  in  New  Eng- 
land. Its  principal  ingredients  are  iron  and  car- 
bonic acid.  It,  consequently,  behmgs  to  the 
class  of  acidulous  chalybeates.  There  are  other 
springs  in  the  State,  of  which,  however,  little  that 
is  accurate  is  known. 

CONNECTIVE  TISSUE,  Cellular  tissue. 

COXNERVATIO,  Svndesmosis. 

CONNEXIO  OSSIUM  CARNOSA,  Syssarco- 
sis — c.  Cartilaginea,  Synchondrosis — c.  Ligamen- 
tosa.  Syndesmosis. 

CONNUTRI'TUS,  Syn'trophos,  from  con, 
'with,'  and  ynitrior,  nntritnm,'io  be  nourished.' 
A  disease  is  so  called  which  has  grown  up,  as  it 
were,  with  an  individual,  or  has  been  connate 
with  him. — -Hippocrates,  Galen. 

CONOID,  Cono'i'dens.  ConoY'des,  from  Kuvoy,  'a 
cone,'  and  ctios,  'shape.'  (F.)  Cono'ide.  Resem- 
bling a  cone. 


CONOIDAL   SUBSTANCE 


234 


CONSONANT 


Conoid  Lig'ament,  Lignmeu'tum  cono'i'JeB.  A 
ligament,  ^liissing  from  the  coracoid  process  to  the 
scapula,  and  forming  part  of  the  coraco-clavicular 
ligament  of  some  anatomists. 

CONOIDAL  SUBSTANCE  OF  THE  KID- 
NEY, see  Kidncv. 

CONOIDES  CORPUS,  Pineal  gland. 

CONOPHTHALMIA.  Staphyloma  cornese. 

CONQUASSANT,  (F.)  Coiiqtiati'mi)s,  from  co7i, 
'with,'  '  together,'  and  quasaare,  'to  shalte.'  Dan- 
lenn  cniiqiiansrnites  are  the  pains  of  parturition, 
at  the  time  of  their  greatest  intensity,  when  the 
head  is  engaged  in  the  pelvis. 

CONQUASSA'TION,  Conqunssn'tio,  Qitnssn'- 
tio,  Qiiansatii'ia.  Same  etymon.  A  pharmaceu- 
tical operation,  which  consists  in  dividing,  with 
a  pestle,  fresh  vegetables,  fruits,  &c.  See  Con- 
frication. 

CONQUASSATIONES  ANIMI,  Affections  of 
the  mind. 

CON  QUE,  Concha. 

CON'SCIOUSNESS,  DOUBLE.  A  somnam- 
bulistio  condition,  in  which  the  individual  leads, 
as  it  were,  two  lives,  recollecting  in  each  condi- 
tion what  occurred  in  previous  conditions  of  the 
same  character,  but  knowing  nothing  of  the 
occurrences  of  the  other.  See  Duality  of  the 
Mind. 

CONSECUTIVE,  C»i,«eriiti' v,w,  ^rom  con, 
'with,'  and  aequor,  Keciiliii,  'to  follow.' 

CONSECUTIVK    PhIONOM'bNA   OR    SYMPTOMS,   (F.) 

PhcntDiieiies  ou  a'^cideim  connecntifn,  are  such  as 
appear  after  the  cessation  of  a  disease,  or,  accord- 
ing to  others,  during  its  decline;  but  without 
having  anv  ilirect  connexion  with  it. 

CONSENSUAL,  see  Instinctive. 

CONSENSUS,  Consent  of  parts,  Sympathy. 

Conskn'sus  Oculo'rum.  The  intimate  asso- 
ciation between  the  two  eyes,  as  exemplified  in 
their  consentaneous  action  in  health,  and  often  in 
disease. 

CONSENT  OF  PARTS,  Oomen'sxis,  Cnvoen'- 
sus  par'tlnm,  Si/i)iprrthi'n,  from  con,  and  nentire, 
senium,  'to  feel;'  (F.)  Consentenieiit  des  Parties. 
That  relation  of  different  parts  of  the  body  with 
each  other  which  is  more  commonly  denominated 
sympathv- 

GONSENTEMENT  PES  PARTIES,  Con- 
sent of  parts. 

CONSERVA'TION,  Cunserva'tro,  Phylax'iii, 
from  coiiservnre,  (con,  and  servare,  ae.rvntum.)  'to 
preserve  :'  (F.)  Connervntioii,  Aimervation.  The 
art  of  preserving  any  object  of  pharmacy,  any 
remedial  agent,  &c..  from  decay. 

CONSER'VA,  Conserve,  (F.)  Conserve,  Elec 
tiiaire  simple,  SucchiirolS  nioii.  Same  etymon. 
A  pharmaceutical  preparation,  composed  of  a 
vegetable  substance  and  a  sufficient  quantity  of 
sugar  beaten  into  a  uniform  mass.  See  Confec- 
tion. 

CoNSERVA  Abstn'thii,  C  abm'n'fhii  mnrit'imi, 
Connerve  of  Wormviood.  (Lenven  Ibj,  anrjnr  Ibiij.) 
It  has  been  employed  as  a  tonic,  stomachic,  and 
vermifuge. 

CoxsERVA  AsiYGnALARUM,  Confectio  amygda- 
la rum. 

CoNSERVA  ANOEi/rc^.fPh.  V .)Con9erve  d' Ange- 
h'qiie,  C.  of  Anqp/'icn.  (Pulp  of  root  250  parts  ; 
uhifc  sugar,  boiled  in  a  <Ieooction  of  the  root, 
and  reduced  to  the  consistence  of  a  solid  electu- 
ary, 1000  parts.)  It  is  tonic,  aromatic,  and  sto- 
machic. 

CoNSRRVA  DE  A'pio  Graveolen'te  (Ph.  P.), 
Conierve  d' Ache,  Conierre  of  Smiil/age.  Prepared 
like  the  preceding.  Reputed  to  have  the  same 
properties. 

CoNSERVA  Art.  Conaerv;  of  Arum.  {Fresh 
root  tt)ss,  augnr  Ibiss.)  Esteemed  to  be  diuretic 
and  stimulant. 


CoNSERVA  AruANTii,  Confectio  aurantioram— 
c.  Cassia',  Confectio  cassiae — c.  Citri  aurantii, 
Confectio  aurantiorura. 

CoNSEUVA  CocHI.EA'RIjE  IIoRTEN'siS,  Connerve 
of  Lemon  Scurri/  Gntus.  [Leaves  ft)),  sug<ir  Ibiij.) 
Reputed  to  be  stimulant  and  antiscorbutic. 

Co.NSKRVA       CORTICIS       EXTKRIOHIS      AfllAXTII 

HispALENSis,  Confectio  aurantiorum  —  c.  Curti- 

cum    aurantiorum,    Confectio    aurantiorum c. 

riorum  rosarum  rul)rarum,  Confectio  rosie  (Jiil- 
lioa3  —  c.  Cynosbati,  Confectio  rosio  cauiiiic  —  c. 
Cynorrhodi,  Confectio  rosiu  caninse  —  c.  ]''iavi'fli. 
nis  corticis  aurantiorum  Jlispalensium,  Cuiilutiio 
aurantiorum. 

CoNSERVA  liV'.^Vi.JR,  C.  Folio'rnm  lii'jida;  C,,,,. 
serve  of  WoodsorreL  (Lenres  tbj,  sugur  lljiij.) 
Gratefully  acid  and  refrigerant. 

CoNSERVA  Menth^E,  C  MeuthcB  folio' mm.  0. 
ilfenfhtji  Sdti'vm,  Conserve  of  Mint.  [LeaveK  ll)j, 
sugar  ftiij.)     Stomachic  in  nausea  and  Vdinitiii;;. 

CoNSERVA  PrIINI  SvLVES'tHIS,  C.  l'nni(P  Htjl 
vestris,  Pu/pn  pruno'rum  syl ves'trium  vdiiili'lii. 
Conserve  of  Sloes,  (Pulp  1  part,  sugar  'A  parts,) 
Possessed  of  astringent  properties. 

CoMSERVA  Ros.*;.  Confectio  ros£o  Gallica; — p, 
Rosa?  caninae,  Confectio  rosaj  caninie  —  c.  Ro.^^aj 
fructfls,  Confectio  rosaa  caninae  —  c.  Rosa;  (Jalli- 
caj.  Confectio  rosae  Gallica;. 

CoNSERVA  SciT,I,/K,  Conserve  of  Squill.  (Fresth 
squills  ^j,  sugar  .^.x.)  Possesses  the  diuretic  and 
other  virtues  of  the  squill. 

CONSERVE,  Consorva,  see  Confectio— p. 
d' Ache,  Conserva  de  apio  graveolento  —  c.  of 
Aloes,  Conserva  pruni  sylvestris  —  c.  of  Lcmim 
scurvy  grass,  Conserva  cochlearine  hortensis  —  c. 
of  Mint,  Conserva  menthie  —  c.  of  Orange,  Con- 
fectio aurantiorum — c.  of  Roses  (red),  Conffclio 
rosae  gallicEe  —  c.  of  Smallage,  Conserva  de  apio 
graveolente  —  c.  of  Woodsorrel,  Conserva  lujulte 
— c.  of  Wormwood,  Conserva  absinthii. 

CONSER  VES.  Spectacles. 

CONSIDEN'TIA.  i'rom  considere,  {rni>  ami 
sedo)  'to  settle.'  This  word  has  two  accepta- 
tions. 1.  It  is  synonymous  with  Apocata>ita<iii!,iiui 
means  restoration  or  cessation,  and  the  suhsiding 
of  a  humour,  as  thearine  ;  and  2.  It  signifies  con- 
traction of  anv  cavity  or  canal: — See  >Synezitii5. 

CONSISTE'N'TIA,  Cousistere,  (con  and  sirien) 
'to  stand  still.'  A  term  employed  in  two  senses. 
1.  When  joined  to  the  word  Morbi  or  yEtntis.  it 
expresses  the  acme  of  a  disease,  or  the  nge  at 
which  the  constitution  has  acquired  its  full 
strength.  2.  By  Consistcn'tia  humo'ris  is  meant 
the  densitv  of  a  humour. 

CONSOLIDA  MA.JOR,  Symphytum  — c.  Me- 
dia, Ajuga,  Chrysanthemum  leucanthciruini  — c. 
Minor,  Prunella — c.  Regalis,  Delphinium  eonso- 
lida — c.  Rubra,  Tormentil  —  c.  Saracenica,  Soli- 
dago  virgaurea. 

CONSOLIDAN'TIA,  Consolidati'va  Mcdicn. 
men'ta,  from  con,  and  solidus,  solid.  Substance.", 
formerly  given  for  the  puri)o.se  of  consolidating 
wounds,  or  strengtliening  cicatrices. 

CONSOLIDATIVA,  Consolidantia. 

CONSOMME  (F.),  Consumma'tum,  from  oow- 
snmmo,  (con  and  sunima)  '  I  add  together,'  Zmiuis. 
Soup  strongly  charged  with  gelatin,  and  con.«e- 
quently  very  nutritious,  although  not  propmtion- 
ablv  easv  of  diirestion. 

CONSOMP TION,  Consumption 

CONSONANCE,  see  Sound. 

CON'SONANT,  Con'somins,  from  cojmoho. 'to 
sound  together,' (co»,  'with,' and  «r>»o, 'to  sound.') 
because  it  is  generally  believed  that  a  consonant 
cannot  bo  prof)crly  expressed,  except  when  con- 
joined with  a  vowel.  Physiologically,  a  breath, 
or  sound  produced  in  the  larynx,  which  suffers 
more  or  less  interruption  in  its  passage  through 
the  vocal  tube. 


CONSORTIUM 


2  35 


CONSULTATION 


CnX.^OKTIUM,  Rympnthv. 

Cf)\SOr/f)E.  OR'A.XDE',  Symphytum. 

CON'SOUNl).  MIDDLE,  Ajuga. 

CONSl'EUSIO,  Ciiiiipasina. 

CONSlMCILIiA,  Spectacles. 

COXSPIRATIO.  Svinpathv. 

rONSTELLA'TUM  UNGUEN'TUM.  An 
ointinoiit  composed  of  cleansed  earthworms! 
dried  and  pulverized  ;  and  of  the  fat  of  the  bear 
or  wild  lioar.  It  vvas  fonnorly  employed  in  tooth- 
ach,  iind  to  hasten  tli(!  ciciitrization  of  wounds. 

COXSTEKNA'riO.  Stupor. 

cnX'STIPATEI),  Voii^tlpri'tun,  iProv.)  Mfiw- 
hnnuil,  (F.)  Odimti/t/i ;  same  etymon  as  the  next. 
AflVct.d  with  constipation;  Costive;  Bound,  liel- 

lyh'iiiii'l. 

CnXSTIPATIO,  Constipation,  Stegnosis.- 
CONSTIl'A'TION,  Cmxtlpn'tto,  from  conKti- 
jirirr,  {ran  and  ktipare,  Htipatiiiii,)  '  to  cram  close.' 
Olistip'i'tto,  Ailnlrir.'tio.  Ai-clii'tio,  ObHtipri'tio  seu 
Jlflcti'llo  ali'I'ii",  [Kr!ioci>i'liit,  Alviin  astric'ta  seu 
ailxlrii-'tii  seu  tnrfin  seu  tlnrn  seu  Hff/nis,  Oh- 
Ktnir'tto  seu  SiipprcR'nio  nlri.  0.  DiictuH  nlimen- 
in'ril,  0.  iiitexliiKi'lin,  Torpitr  iiitentiiio'nim,  Sti/p- 
«/«,  C'limtipfi'lin  alri,  Coprnn'tniiia,  Arnp'iin, 
Arnpiii'siH,  Cdprriepls'vhfuh,  hvlidCnp' ria,  DijHcoi'- 
liii,  (V.)  Kchiiii(fcme\)t,  Ventre  resxerrp,  Cmit'ive- 
iirHH,  F(pi'(tl  Helen' t ion,  Aluhie  obnfrnction.  A 
ftiite  of  the  bowels,  in  which  the  evacuations  do 
not  f:ike  place  as  frequently  as  usual  ;  or  are  in- 
ordinately hard,  and  pxpcllcd  with  difficulty.  It 
may  he  owini;  either  to  diminished  action  of  the 
muscular  coat  of  the  intestines,  or  to  diminished 
secretion  from  the  mucous  membrane,  or  to  both. 
Ciithiirfics  will  usunliy  remove  it;  after  which 
its  exciting  and  prcdisponont  causes  must  be 
inquired  into  and  obviated,  to  render  the  cure 
permanent. 
COXSTIPATUS,  Constipated. 
CONSTTPJS,  Constipated. 
COXSTITUENS,  Vehicle,  see  Prescription. 
COXSTITUTIO,  Constitution,  Habit  of  body 
—  c.  Aeris,  Conslitnti(jn  of  the  atmosphere  —  c. 
I'pidernica,  Constitution,  epidemic  —  c.  Nervosa, 
Nervous  diathesis. 

COXSTITU'TION,  Conxtltn'tin,  Catas'la^h, 
S'nfiin.  from  rnn,  and  uliiluere,  from  ntnre,  '  to 
stand.'  A  collection  of  several  parts,  forminc^  a 
whole.  In  medicine,  ConHtitntiou  means  the  state 
of  nil  the  organs  of  the  human  body  considered 
in  regard  to  their  special  .ind  relative  arrange- 
ment, order,  or  activity.  A  ijood  cnnxtitntian  is 
one  in  which  every  organ  is  well  develoyied,  and 
ciuliiwed  with  due  energy,  so  that  all  perform 
their  functions  with  equal  facility.  Any  want  of 
equililirinm  in  their  development  and  energy 
forms  a  difference  in  the  constitution.  We  say 
that  a  man  is  of  a  (jood  or  mlnnit,  a  dr/icote  or 
trealc  cniiilitnlirin,  when  he  is  commonly  healthy, 
or  commonly  labouring  under,  or  unusually  sus- 
ceptible of,  disease. 
CoNSTiTCTiox,  AitTRRiAT..  PlothoM  artcriosa. 
Con'stitc'tion  of  rni-:  At'mosi'Hrre,  Consli'tn'- 
t!()  A'rn'H,  (F.)  Conxtitiition  AlmoHpIierlqiie.  The 
condition  of  the  atmosphere,  as  regards  dryness 
nnd  humidity,  temperature,  heaviness,  direction 
of  the  winds,  itc,  considered  as  respects  its  in- 
fluence on  the  anininl  economy. 

CoNsTiTi'Tioy,  Epinr^M'lc,  Consfi'fii'tio  epidem'- 
ir«.  .Mcd'ifiil  CinixtitHlion,  (F.)  Coimlitiition  me- 
dirnlr,  C.  fpidemiiine.  The  aggregate  of  meteor- 
ological conditions,  so  far  as  they  arc  appreciable, 
during  which  diseases  prevail  epidetnically. 

COXSTITU'TIOXAL,  (F.)  Con>,t;int>onnel. 
Beloniriiiij  to  the  constitution  of  nn  individual  ; 
to  his  manner  of  being  ;  as  otinntilntiriiinl  phthish, 
c.  (/out.  Ac.  I^y  some,  this  epithet  has  been 
given  to  diseases,  produced  by  the  constitution  ! 


of  the  atmosphere;  but  this  acceptation  is  not 
common. 

CONSTRICTEUR  D'HERBINEAUX,  see 
Serre-nopud. 

CONSTRICTEUR  DE  LA  VUI VE,  Con- 
strictores  cunni — edit  V<if/in,  Constrictores  cunui. 

CONSTHICTIO.  Astriction,  Systole. 

COXSTRICTIVA,  Styptics. 

CONSTRICTOR,  from  conslrinr/ere,  (con,  and 
Hti-inrji-re.  Ktrictniii.)  'to  bind.'  (F.)  Conntiicteiii: 
That  which  binds  in  a  circular  direction.  A 
sphincter.     Difierent  muscles  are  so  called. 

Co.NSTRicTOR  Ani,  Sphincter  ani  externus  —  e. 
of  Nuck,  Compressor  of  Nuck. 

Constrictores  Alarum  Nasi,  Depressor  alije 
nasi. 

Constricto'rks  Ciin.vi,  C.  Vngi'nm  seu  VidrcB, 
Clitor'  idis  iiiferxo're.s  hiti  et  pluni  mim'culi, 
Sphincter  Vagi'ncs,  (F.)  Constricteurs  du  vmjin, 
C.  de  In  Vnbie.  Small  muscles  which  originate 
beneath  the  clitoris,  descend  along  the  sides  of 
the  vagina,  and  terminate  by  becoming  con- 
founded with  the  transvKtHua  perincBi  and  exter- 
nal Kphincter  ani  muscles.  Their  use  is  to  con- 
tract the  entrance  of  the  vagina. 

Constrictores  Isthmi  Faucium,  Glossosta- 
phylinus. 

Constuicto'res  Laryn'gis.  Lieutaud  describes, 
under  the  name  Grand  conntrieteur  dn  Lurifux, 
the  muscle  Crico-arytenoideua  lutera'lis  with  the 
Thyrii-aryfeniiideuH, 

Constrictores  Nasi,  Compressor  naris. 

Constrictor  QSsoph'agi,  Constrictor  of  the 
G'Juoph' orpin,  (F.)  Const  ricteur  de  V  (EsoplKKjf, 
ilnscie  o'sophaf/ien.  A  fasciculus  of  tlesliy,  cir- 
cular fibres,  at  the  upper  part  of  the  oesophagus. 

Coxstiuctoues  Oris,  Orbicularis  oris — c.  Pal- 
pebrarum, Orbicularis  palpebrarum. 

CoNSTRKJTo'ltES  Piiarvn'giS,  Constrictors  of 
the  Phnriprj-,  Sj/hincter  Gii/a.  Muscular  expan- 
sions which  assist  in  forming  the  parietes  of  the 
pharynx.  Three  of  these  are  generally  admitted. 
1.  The  Constric'tor  Plinryn'yis  infc' rior,  Crlvo- 
phorynijcus  and  Thyro-phoryiiijcns,  (F.)  Crivo- 
thyro-phorynyien.  It  is  broad,  very  thin,  (|uud- 
rihiteral,  seated  superficially,  extending  from  the 
thyroid  and  cricoid  cartilages  as  far  as  the  middle 
of  the  pharynx,  and  uniting,  on  the  median  line, 
with  that  of  the  opposite  side.  2.  The  Coiistridor 
Pharynijis  Ife'diiis,  Hyo-pihnryngeus  and  Chon- 
dro-phfiryngena,  Syndes'nio-pharyngeiis,  (F.)  Ifyo- 
ylosso-biisi-pharytii/icn,  occupies  the  middle  ))nrt 
of  the  pharynx.  It  is  triangular,  and  attached 
anteriorly  to  the  great  and  little  cornu  of  the  os 
hyoides;  to  the  stylohyoid  ligament;  and  termi- 
nates, posteriorly,  by  joining  its  fellow  of  the 
opposite  side.  3.  The  Constrictor  Pharyngis  su- 
pr'rior,  Ccph' alo-phary»gnns,  Glossn-phnryiigens, 
Jfy/o-phari/ngens,  Ptcr' ygo-pharyngeus,  (F.)  I'tc- 
rygo-syndesnio-stnphili-phoryngien,  is  quadrilate- 
ral, and  extends  from  the  internal  ala  of  the 
pterygoid  process,  from  the  inter-maxillary  liga- 
ment, from  the  internal  oblique  line  of  the  jaw, 
and  from  the  base  of  the  tongue  to  the  posterior 
part  of  the  pharynx. 

The  constrictors  of  the  pharynx  contract  it. 
They  can  likewise  approximate  the  ends  to  each 
other.  Chaussier  considers  those  and  the  stylo- 
pharyngciis  as  but  one  muscle,  and  includes  all 
under  this  last  name. 

Con.strictores  Vagina,  C.  cunni — c.  Vulva>, 
C.  cunni. 

CONSTRTNGFNTIA,  Astringents,  Styptics. 

CONSUETUDO.  Habit— c.  .Menstrua,  Menses. 

CONSULTANT,  Consulting  physician  or  sur- 
geon. 

CONSULTA'TION,  Consuha'tio,  Delihera'tio, 
Cwnolog"ia,  Conten'tio,  Sytnholeu'sis,  from  connu- 
lere,  consuUum,  '  to  hold  council.'     This  word  has 


CONSULTING   niYSICIAN        2  3  0 


CONTINUED   FEVER 


a€?er!il  acceptation?.  In  English,  it  means,  al- 
most always,  the  meeting  of  two  or  more  practi- 
tioners, to  deliberate  on  any  particular  case  of 
disease.  In  France,  it  signifies  the  written  result 
of  such  deliberations,  as  well  as  the  opinion  of  a 
physician,  given  to  a  patient,  who  consults  him, 
either  personally  or  by  writing. 

COXSULT'INO  PHYSICIAN  or  SURGEON, 
(F.)  J/edccinou  Cln'rurz/ieii  consultant,  Consultant. 
One  who  consults  with  the  attending  practitioner, 
regarding  any  case  of  disease.  Some  physicians, 
surgeons,  and  accoucheurs  confine  themselves  to 
consulting  practice. 

CONSUMMATUM,  Consomme. 
CONSUMMA'TUS,  from  con,cnm,  'with.'  and 
giinnnvn,  'the  whole.'      Confirmed;    established; 
developed, — as  Phthisis  consumma'ta,  'confirmed 
consumption.' 

CONSUMP'TION,  from  conaumere,  (con  and 
snmere,  suniptum,)  'to  w.aste  away;'  Consnwp'tlo, 
Consuni'tlo,  Sjjntex'is,  Wasting,  Wearing,  (P.) 
Consoinplion.  Progressive  emaciation  or  wasting 
away.  This  condition  precedes  death  in  the 
greater  pnrt  of  chronic  diseases,  and  particularly 
in  phthisis  j)nlmonalis  :  on  this  account  it  is,  that 
phthisis  has  received  the  name  consumption — See 
Phthisis.  Fiivre  de  Consomption,  Consumptive 
fever,  is  the  same  as  Hectic  fever. 

Consumption  of  the  Bowels,  Enterophthisis. 

Consumption,  Gal'loping,  Phthisis  acu'ta,  (F.) 

Pthisie  galopante  ou  aigue.     Phthisis  pulmonalis, 

which  rapidly  runs  through  its  course  to  a  fatal 

termination. 

CoNSUM-PTioN,  Pulmonary,  Phthisis  pulmo- 
nalis. 

CONSUMPTI'VA.     Same  etymology.     Caus- 
tics, used  for  the  destruction   of   fungi.      Burnt 
ulum,  lunar  caustic,  &c.,  were  formerly  so  called. 
CONSUMPTIVE,  Phthisicus. 
CONSUMTIO,  Consumption. 
CONTABESCEN'TIA,  from  contabescere,  (con 
and  taheseere,)   'to  grow  lean.'      Consumption, 
marasmus,  atrophy,  Ac. 

CONTACT,  Contac'tns,  from  con  and  tangcre, 
tnctum,  '  to  touch.'  The  state  of  two  bodies  that 
touch  eiich  other.  In  the  theory  of  contagious 
diseases,  we  distinguish  immediate  or  direct  con- 
tact, as  when  we  touch  a  patient  labouring  under 
one  of  those  diseases ;  and  mediate  or  indirect 
contact,  when  we  touch,  not  the  patient  himself, 
but  objects  that  have  touched  or  emanated  from 
him.  The  air  is,  most  commonly,  the  medium  by 
which  this  last  kind  of  contact  is  effected. 

COXTA'GION,  Conta'gio,  Contn'ges,  Conta'- 
yinni,  Ajmrrhoe'n,  Apoc'rysis.  Same  etymon. 
The  transmission  of  a  disease  from  one  person  to 
another  by  direct  or  indirect  contact.  The  term 
has,  also,  been  applied,  by  some,  to  the  action  of 
miasmata  arising  from  dead  animal  or  vegetable 
matter,  bogs,  fens,  <fec.,  but  in  this  sense  it  is  now 
abandoned.  Contagious  diseases  are  produced 
either  by  a  virus,  capable  of  causing  them  by 
inoculation,  as  in  small-pox,  cow-pox,  hydropho- 
bia, syphilis,  Ac,  or  by  miasmata,  proceeding 
from  a  sick  individual,  as  in  plague,  typhus  gra- 
vior,  and  in  mensles  and  scarlatina.  [?]  Scrofula, 
phthisis  pulmonalis,  and  cancer,  have,  by  some, 
been  esteemed  contagious,  but  apparently  with- 
out foundation.  Physicians  are,  indeed,  by  no 
means  unanimous  in  deciding  what  diseases  are 
contagious,  and  what  not.  The  contagion  of 
jilague  and  tj^phus,  especially  of  the  latter,  is 
denied  by  many.  It  seems  probable,  that  a  dis- 
ease may  be  contagious  under  certain  circum- 
SJances  and  not  under  others.  A  case  of  common 
fever,  arising  from  common  causes,  as  from  cold, 
if  the  patient  be  kept  in  a  close,  foul  situation, 
may  be  converted  into  a  disease,  capable  of  pro- 
ducing emanations,  which  may  excite  a  similar 


disease  in  those  exposed  to  fhcm.  Contagion  and 
infection  are  generally  esteemed  synonymous. 
Frequently,  however,  the  former  is  applied  to 
diseases  not  produced  by  contact;  as  niensles, 
scarlet  fever.  [?]  etc.,  whilst  infection,  (Prov.)  .Smi'/, 
is  used  for  those  that  require  positive  contact;  ns 
itch,  syphilis,  <fec.,  and  conversely.  Discuses, 
which  cannot  be  produced  in  any  other  way  thai; 
by  contagion,  are  said  to  have  their  origin  in 
specific  contagion  ;  as  sniall-pox,  cow-pox,  uicn- 
sles,  hydrophobia,  syphilis,  <fec.  Those  which 
are  produced  by  contagion,  and  yet  are  sup])oscd 
to  be  sometimes  owing  to  other  causes,  are  said 
to  arise  from  common  contagion  ;  as  typhus,  cyn- 
anche  parotido^a,  &c. 

CONTA'GIONIST,  (F.)  Contagioniste.  One 
who  believes  in  the  contagious  character  of  a  par- 
ticular disease, — as  of  yellow  fever. 

CONTA'GIOUS,  Contogio'sus,  (F.)  Contngieux. 
Capable  of  being  transmitted  by  mediate  or  im- 
mediate contact,  Commu'ni cable, —  as  a  contaqi- 
oua  disease,  contagious  fever,  contagions  e[fl(ivin, 
&c.  Comtnonly,  the  epithet  infectious,  (Prov.) 
Taking,  Smittle,  Catching,  is  applied  to  those  that 
are  communicated  by  immediate  contact,  as  itch, 
syphilis,  Ac. 

CONTAGTUM,  Contagion,  Miasm. 
CONTEMPLABILES  DIES,  Critical  days. 
CONTEMPLATIF,  (F.)  Contemplati'vns,  (.con 
and  templum.)  Appertaining  to  contemplation. 
The  predominalit  idea  of  the  melancholic  —  of 
the  monomaniac  —  is  sometimes  called  contem- 
plative. 

CONTEMPLATIO,  Catalepsy. 
CONTEMPLATIVUS,  Contemplatif. 
CONTENSIO.  Tension. 
CONTKNTIO,  Consultation. 
CONTEX'TURE,  Conte.rtu'ra,  Contex'tns,hom 
con   and   texere,    (quasi   tegaere,  from    tegere,  'to 
cover,')    textum,   '  to  weave,'    'to   make   a  web.' 
Arrangement  of  parts  ; — texture.    A  name  given, 
metaphorically,   to    the    structure   of   organized 
bodies  ;   as   the  contexture  of  muscles,  fibres,  &c. 
See  Tissue,  and  Texture. 

CONTIGUITY,  DIARTHROSIS  OF,  sec  Con- 
tinuity. 

CON'TINENCE,  Continen'tia,  from  continere, 
(con  and  tenere,  '  to  hold  or  keep,')  '  to  contain 
oneself;'  'to  restrain.'  Restraint.  Abstinence 
from,  or  moderation  in,  the  pleasures  of  physical 
love. 

CONTINENS,  Continent. 
CON'TINENT,  Con'tinens.    Restrained.    This 
word  is  synonymous,  also,  with  Contimied;  (F.) 
Coiitinu. 

Continent  Cause,  Causa  conjunc'ta,  is  a  cause, 
real  or  presumed,  which  having  given  rise  to  a 
disease,  continues  to  act  during  the  whole  of  its 
duration.  It  may  be  considered  synonymous 
with  proximate  cause.  A  continent  fever,  Fehris 
ctintincns,  is  one  which  preserves  during  its  whole 
course,  the  same  degree  of  intensity,  without  any 
remission  or  sensible  exacerbation.  A  disease 
which  continues  uninterruptedly,  has  been  also 
called  yEipathei'a,  Acipathei'a  or  A'irtathi'a, 
CONTINENTIA,  Continence. 
CONTIN'UED  FEVER,  Febris  contin'nn  seu 
con'tinens  seu  anabat'ica  seu  assid'ua.  A  fever 
which  presents  no  interruption  in  its  course. 
Continued  fevers  form  a  division  in  the  cI.tss 
Pyrexia  of  Cullen,  and  include  three  genera, — 
Si/nocha,  Stjnochus,  and  Ti/phns.  It  is  proper  to 
remark,  that  some  of  the  older  writers  make  a 
distinction  between  the  continual  fever,  nvvcxiu 
febria  continna,  and  the  synochus  or  febris  cnnti- 
nena.  Thus,  Rhases  states  that  the  synochus  or 
contincns  is  a  fever,  which  consists  of  one  pa- 
roxysm from  beginning  to  end  ;  whilst  the  coiifi- 
nua  is  allied  to  intermittents. 


CONTINUITY 


237 


CONTROSTIMULUS 


CONTINU'ITY,  Continn'ltas.  An  adhesion 
of  two  tliiiifjs  between  each  other,  so  that  they 
cannot  be  .separated  without  fracture  or  laceration. 
CoNTIMJlTY,  DIARTIIKO'SES  OF,  (F.)  Dldrthronea 
de  C'liitiiiiiit^,  are  movable  joints,  in  which  the 
bones  are  continuous,  but  do  not  touch  imme- 
diately, there  being  between  them  a  ligamentous 
eubstiuice,  whose  flexibility  permits  motion.  The 
vertebral  articulations  arc  examples  of  this.  Di- 
AiiTiliiosKS  01''  CoNTiou'iTV,  DiaitliroHes  de  Cun- 
tii/niif,  on  the  other  hand,  arc  movable  articula- 
tions, ill  which  the  bones  are  not  continuous,  but 
touch  by  surfaces  covered  with  a  cartilaginous 
layer,  which  is  always  moistened  by  synovia. 

CoNTiNnirv,  LiosioN  of,  see  Continuity,  Solu- 
tion of. 

CoNTiNi'iTV,  SoLUTroN  OF,  Solu'tio  contiii'iii,  is 
any  division  of  parts,  previously  continuous. 
Wound.-'  and  fractures  are  so/iitioiii  of  contiiiuiti/. 
The  word  Ci/utiuiiiti/  is  opposed  to  Coatitjuitij  :  the 
latter  moaning  the  condition  of  two  things  which 
arc  near  each  other,  or  touch  without  uniting. 
There  is  conlifjititti  between  the  head  of  the  hu- 
merus and  the  glenoid  cavity  of  the  scapula,  but 
not  foiiiiuiiitif. 

A  le'nion  ('/  contlnu'ity,  Lcr'hio  contin'u'i,  is  a 
destruction  of  continuity  caused  by  disease. 

CONTOXDANT,  Contunding. 

CONTORSIO,  Contorsiou — c.  Columnae  verte- 
bralir',  llhacliiostrophosis. 

CONTOll'SIOX,  Cuntor'tio,  from  eontorqiieo, 
{con  and  torquere,  tortum,  'to  wring,')  'I  twist 
about.'  Violent  movement  of  a  part,  accompanied 
with  a  kinil  of  torsion,  twist  or  cast;  as  contortion 
of  the  fiice. 

CONTUAAPERTU'RA, from eonfm, 'against,' 
and  (tperin,  '  I  open.'  A  counter-opcnin;/ ;  Con- 
tra-inriii'io,  lucin'io  prio'ri  oppo'»ita,  (F.)  Cantre- 
ouverliire.  An  incision,  made  in  the  most  depend- 
ing part  of  a  wound  or  abscess,  when  the  first 
opening  is  not  situate  in  a  manner  favourable  for 
the  discharire  of  the  pus. 

COXTU.VKXTENSIO,  Counter-extension. 

CONTK-VC'TILE,  Uontrac'tilis,  from  contra- 
here,  [cun  and  tr(thcre.,  tractum.)  'to  draw  to- 
gether.' Capable  of  contracting.  The  fibre  of 
muscles  is  rontrijcti/e,  ^ 

COSTnACTlLITE,  Contractility— c  par  De- 
fantd'  I'li-l  nisi  (III,  Elasticity — c.(/e7V«.sM, Elasticity. 

CONTH.\CTIL'ITY,  Contractu' itas :  same  ety- 
mon ;  (F.)  Coiitraclilite.  That  vital  property, 
which  gives,  to  certain  parts,  the  power  of  con- 
tracting. The  muscles  of  locomotion  are  endowed 
with  a  power  of  t:olinitari/  contractiiiti/,  or  one 
dependent  iinincdiately  on  the  action  of  the  brain  : 
—  the  muscles  of  the  viscera  of  digestion,  and 
other  internal  organs,  enjoy  an  involuntary  con- 
trrictilili/.  Contrnctiliti/  and  irritability  are  fre- 
quently used  synonymously  to  signify  the  pro- 
perty possessed  by  any  tissue  of  contrnctiny  on  the 
ttpplieation  of  an  appropriate  stimulus. 

CoxTR.U'Tii.iTV,  Irritability. 

CONTR.VrTin.Contraction—c.Cordis,  Systole. 

CONTU.\C'TION,  Cnntrnc'tio.  Same  etymon; 
Syn'tiile.  Action  of  contracting.  When  we  speak 
of  the  contniction  of  a  ninsc/e,  we  mean  the  phe- 
noraonon  it  exliibits  during  the  time  it  is  in  action. 

C0XTR.\CT01l  UTERI,  Abortive. 

CONTRACTU'R.\.  Same  etymon.  Acnmp'sia, 
Enta'siu  artictiln'ria,  liiyor  ur'tunm,  Muscular 
Stiff-Joint,  (F.)  Contracture.  A  state  of  perma- 
nent rigi<lity  and  progressive  atrophy  of  the  flexor 
muscles,  which  prevents  the  motions  of  extension 
beyond  a  certain  limit.  The  affected  muscles 
form  hard  cnrds  beneath  the  skin.  On  dissection, 
they  are  found  converted  into  tendinous  fibres, 
the  fleshy  fibres  having  almost  disappeared,  when 
the  disease  has  been  of  any  duration.  It  suc- 
ceeds,  fretiuently,   other    diseases,    particularly 


rheumatism,  neuralgia,  convulsions,  syphilis,  co- 
lica  pictonum,  &c.  The  warm  bath,  vapour  bath, 
or  thermal  waters,  oleaginous  embrocations,  me- 
chanical extension  of  the  limbs,  &c.,  are  the  chief 
means  of  treatment. 

CONTRAFISSU'RA,  from  contra,  'against,' 
and  Jindere,  Jinxum,  '  to  cleave  ;'  liepercue'xio,  Jic- 
son'itus,  Catutj'ma  Fisnura  contraja'cena,  Apeche'- 
ma,  Anticom'ina,  Antic'oj>e,  Auticru'sis,  Anticrun'- 
nia,  Infortu'nium,  Counterstrohe,  (F.)  Contre-conp, 
Contre-fente,  Coutre-fracture.  A  fracture,  contu- 
sion, or  injury,  produced,  by  a  blow,  in  a  jiart 
distant  from  that  which  is  struck.  Five  species 
of  contraJiKniircs  or  coutre-coups  may  occur  in  the 
skull.  1.  When  the  internal  table  yields  and 
fractures.  2.  When  the  bone  breaks  in  any  other 
part  than  the  one  struck.  .S.  When  a  bone,  which 
has  been  struck,  remains  uninjured,  and  its  neigh- 
bour is  fractured.  4.  When  the  bone  is  fractured 
in  a  place  diametrically  opposite  to  that  struck, 
as  in  fractures  at  the  base  of  the  cranium,  from  a 
fall  on  the  vertex;  and  lastly,  when  the  vidlence 
of  the  blow  produces  a  separation  of  the  neigh- 
bouring or  distant  sutures.  These  fractures  of  the 
skull  are  also  called  Fractures  par  resoniiaiice. 

CONTllAHENTIA,  Astringents,  Styptics. 

CONTRAINCISIO,  Contra-apertura. 

CONTRAifNDICATIO,  Counter-indication. 

CONTRAIRRITATIO,  Counter-irritation. 

CONTRALUNA'RIS,  from  contra,  'against,' 
and  lun((,  'the  moon.'  An  epithet  for  a  woman 
who  conceives  during  the  menstrual  discharge. — 
Dietrich. 

CONTRASTIMULANS,  Contro-stimulants. 

CONTRAYERVA,  Dorstenia  contrayerva— c. 
Balls,  Pulvis  contraj'ervoB  eonipositus. 

Co.NTUAYEiiVA,  LisBON,  Dorstenja  contrayerva 
—  c.  Mexican,  Psoralea  pentaphylla  — c.  Nova, 
Psoralea  pentaphylla — c.  Virginiana,  Aristolochia 
ser[)entaria. 

COXTJiECOVP,  Contra-fissura. 

CONTREKXTEXSION,  Counter-extension. 

COX TR EFEX TE.  Contra-fissura. 

CONTREFRA  CTUUE,  Contra-fissura. 

COXrUElXDICA  TIOX,  Counter-imiication. 

CONTREO UVER TURE,  Contra-apertura. 

COXTRERO/SOX.  Antidote. 

CONTRESTIM I 'LISME,  Controstimulus. 

COXTRESTIMl'L  US.  Controstimulus. 

CONTREXEVILLE,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Contrexeville  is  a  town  in  France  in  the 
department  of  Vosges,  four  leagues  from  Xeuf- 
chfiteau.  The  waters  contain  carbonate  of  iron, 
chloride  of  calcium,  and  carbonate  of  lime,  chlo- 
ride of  sodium,  a  bituminous  substance,  and  free 
carbonic  acid.  They  are  freciuented  by  those  la- 
bouring under  cutaneous,  scrofulous,  and  calcu- 
lous affections. 

CONTRIT"IO,  Si/ntrim'ma,  Syntrip'sis,  Tri- 
tu'ra,  Tritus,  Trit"io.  Tripsia.  from  contero,  '  I 
bruise  or  make  small :'  Commiiin'tion,  Trituration. 

C  0  N  T  R  0  S  T  I  M'UL  AN  T,  Contrast  in,' uhnis, 
Hyposthen'ic,  from  contra,  '  against,' and  stinnilus, 
'  that  which  excites.'  A  substance  that  iMX-^sesscs 
a  particular,  debilitating  property,  acting  upon 
the  excitability  in  a  manner  opposite  to  stimulus. 
A  name  given  to  therapeutical  agents,  which,  ac- 
cording to  the  Italian  theory  of  coutro-siiniulus, 
are  endowed  with  the  property  of  diminishing 
excitement  by  a  specific  action.  These  agents 
are  by  no  means  clearlv  defined. 

CONTROSTIM'ULUS  or  CONTRESTIMU- 
LUS,  DOCTRINE  OF,  (F.)  Contreatin.u/iawe. 
Same  etymon.  The  name  given  by  Rasori,  about 
thirty  years  ago,  to  a  new  medical  doctrine,  of 
which  he  was  the  originator — La  nuova  JJottrina 
Medica  Italiana.  It  is  founded  on  the  contro-sti- 
mulant  property  attributed  to  a  certain  number  of 


CONTUNDING 


288 


CONVOLVULUS 


medicines.  In  this  doctrine,  as  in  that  of  Brown, 
under  the  name  e.rcilabiliti/,  a  fundamental  princi- 
]ile  of  physiology  is  iidniitted,  by  virtue  of  which 
living  beings  are  endowed  with  an  aptitude  for 
feeling  the  action  of  external  agents  or  exciting 
influences,  and  of  reacting  on  these  influences. 
AVhen  this  excitability  is  too  great,  there  is  excess 
of  stimulus  or  Hi/perstheiti'a :  when  too  little, 
there  is  deficiency  or  Hi/pnKtheui'a.  Diseases, 
(jenernl  and  l<jc«l,  are  divided  into  three  great 
classes,  or  into,  1.  Hyperst/icuic  ;  2.  HypoHthenic  ; 
?>.  Irritative.  The  contro-stiraulant  physicians 
admit  only  two  classes  of  medicines  —  atiiiiuhtnts 
and  oiitro-ntiriiKlaiits. 

CONTUND'ING,  Coiitii'sing,  Contitn'deiia,  from 
eontnndere,  [con  and  titiit/ere,  tusuni,)  'to  bruise.' 
(F.)  Contondaiit.  TliMt  wbich  causes  contusions. 
An  epithet  given  to  round,  blunt,  vulnerating  pro- 
jectiles, which  bruise  or  lacerate  parts  without 
cutting  them. 

COX  TVS,  Contused. 

COXTUS,  Penis. 

CONTU'SED.  Same  etymon  as  Contunding. 
(F.)  Contus.  Affected  with  contusion.  Thus  we 
say — a  coiitnied  woinid. 

CONTU'SION,  Coiitii'sio,  Brniae,  (Prov.)  Doke, 
Collin' io,  Phl'ixma,  Thlnxis,  Thlas'ma,  Th.contu'- 
sio,  Rhef/p,  Jihegtiirt,  Ji/ier/rini'),  Famex,  Fumis, 
Famix,  (F.)  Meurtrisnure.  Same  etymon.  An 
injury  or  lesion — arising  from  the  impulse  of  a 
body  with  a  blunt  surface  —  which  presents  no 
loss  of  substance,  and  no  apparent  wound.  If 
the  skin  be  divided,  the  injury  takes  the  name  of 
contused  wound.  The  difl'erences  of  contusions, 
as  to  extent,  are  of  course  infinite.  When  slight, 
the  blood  stagnates  in  the  capillaries  of  the  skin, 
or  is  efinsed  into  the  subcutaneous  areolar  tissue. 
Time  and  cold  applications  remove  it.  When  the 
texture  has  been  lacerated,  there  is  eff"usion  of 
blood,  with  more  or  less  torpor  in  the  part  af- 
fected. Cooling  applications,  general  or  topical 
bleeding,  emollients,  poultices,  <feo.,  are  here  ne- 
cessary, according  to  circumstances.  In  the 
severest  kinds  of  contusion,  all  the  soft  and  solid 
parts,  except  the  skin,  are  bruised,  and,  at  times, 
reduced  to  a  kind  of  pap.  When  the  disorgani- 
zation is  to  this  extent,  there  is  no  hope  except 
in  amputation.  A  deep  contusion  of  the  soft 
parts  has  been  called  Sarcotli'lasis,  and  Sarcoth- 
las'mn. 

Contusion,  Wind,  see  Wind  of  a  Ball. 

CONUS  ARTERIO'SUS,  Infandih'ulum  of  the 
heart.  The  portion  of  the  right  ventricle  from 
which  the  pulmonary  artery  proceeds,  fortns  a 
prominence  on  the  right  side  of  the  anterior  fur- 
row of  the  heart,  and  is  prolonged  towards  the 
left,  becoming  narrower  at  the  same  time,  so  as 
to  form  a  funnel-shaped  projection,  which  ex- 
tends a  little  beyond  the  base  of  the  ventricles. 
This  is  the  Conus  arteriosus. 

CoN'US  Vasculosits,  see  Coni  Vaseulosi. 

CONVALES'CENCE,  Convalcscen'tia,  Ana- 
Ipp'sis,  Anas'tnsis.  Becouvnlescen'tia,  from  conva- 
lescere,  [con  and  valescerc)  'to  grow  well.'  Ex- 
anns'trnphe.  Recovery  of  health  after  disease. 
The  time  which  elapses  between  the  termination 
of  a  disease  and  complete  restoration  of  strength. 

COXVALLARIA  ANGULOSA,  C.  polygona- 
tinn. 

CoNVALLARIA  Canalicula'ta.  Poli/go'natum, 
cnnalicnla'tuni  seu  Inti/o'linm,  Great  iSolomon's 
Seal ;  and  Convallaria  vvTi^W  cf.-h^.,  Pol  ijrjo'  natum 
pubes'eens,  Smaller  Solomon's  Seal:  indigenous. 
A  decoction  of  the  roots  is  said  to  be  cathartic, 
diuretic,  and  diaphoretic. 

Coxvali.a'ria  Maia'lis,  from  convallis,  'a 
valley,' — from  its  abounding  in  valleys.  Lil'inm 
Couval'liiim,  Convalln'ria,  C.  mappi,  Mainn'the- 
mum,  LIbj  of  the  Vallei/,  Jlaij  Lilj,  (F.)  Mut/uet, 


Muguet  de  Mai.  The  recent  flowers  are  repiitDd 
to  be  aromatic,  cephalic,  errhiuc,  and  catburtic. 
They  are  not  used. 

Convallaria  JIappi,  C.  Maialis. 

Convalla'ria  Multiflo'ra,  PoJijyo'nfiium 
multijlo'rum,  which  grows  in  this  country  and  in 
Europe,  has  analogous  properties. 

Convalla'ria  Polygo'natu.m.  The  systema- 
tic name  of  Sidomon's  Seal,  Couvalta'riu  aiitjii- 
lo'sa,  Polyijo'natuin  unijio'rum  seu  anccj>s  scu  v\d- 
</a.'re,  Siyil'lum  Saloino'nis,  Polij</o'ii(iluin,  (F.) 
Sceau  de  Salomon,  Gcnonillct.  The  root  was  once 
used  ns  an  astringent  and  tonic.  It  is,  also,  a  re- 
puted cosmetic. 

CONVEXTIIS,  Coition. 

CONVER'SION,  Gouver'sio,  from  con  and  t-er. 
tere,  versum,  'to  turn.'  Change  from  one  state 
into  another. 

Conversion  op  Diseases,  (F.)  Conversion  tits 
maladies,  is  the  change  or  transformation  of  ono 
disease  into  another. 

CONVOLU'TION,  Convoln'tio,  from  convohcre, 
[con  and  volverc,  rotutnm)  '  to  entwine;'  Epispha'- 
rion,  Gyrus,  Nelif/'mus,  (F.)  Circonvolutlvn.  Tho 
rolling  of  any  thing  upon  itself. 

Convolu'tions,  Ckr'kbral,  Gyri  scu  Plicutn'- 
r(B  seu  Spiral  seu  Proces'sus  entero'i'dei  seu  Iiites- 
ti'nula  Cer'ehri,  are  the  round,  undulating,  tor- 
tuous projections  observed  at  the  base  of  tho 
brain.  In  them  Gall's  organs,  of  course,  ter- 
minate. 

Convolu'tion,  Inter'nal,  C.  of  the  Corpus 
Cidlo'sum,  Convolution  d'Ourlet  (Foville).  A 
cerebral  convolution  of  great  extent,  the  princi- 
pal portion  of  which  is  found  on  the  inner  surliico 
of  each  hemisphere  above  the  corpus  callosum. 
In  front  it  bends  downwards  and  backwarils  to 
the  fissure  of  Sylvius,  and  behind,  it  extends  to 
the  middle  lobe  and  forms  the  hippocam])us  innjor. 

Convolu'tions,  Intks'tinal,  are  the  turns 
made  by  the  intestines  in  the  abdomen. 

Convolu'tion,  Supra-or'bitar.  A  convolu- 
tion of  the  brain,  which  exists  on  the  inferior 
surface  of  the  anterior  lobe,  and  rests  upon  tho 
roof  of  the  orbit. 

CONVOL'VULUS,  from  convolv,;re,  [con  and 
volvere)  'to  entwine.'     Ileus,  lutussuseeptio. 

Convol'vulus  Bata'tas.  Same  etymon.  0. 
In'dicus,  Carnotes ;  the  Sweet  Potato,  Spanish 
Potato.  (F.)  Palate.  Ord.  Convolvulacea».  This 
is  the  only  esculent  root  of  the  genus  Convol- 
vulus.    It  is  much  eaten  in  the  United  States. 

Convol'vulus  Cantab'rica,  Cantub'rica,  La- 
vender-leaved Bindweed,  has  been  considered  an- 
thelmintic and  actively  cathartic. 

Convolvulus  Indicus.  C.  Batatas. 

Convol'vulus  Jala'pa.  A  systematic  name, 
generally  thought  to  be  the  Jalap  plant,  which 
is,  properly,  Exoyo' nium  purya,  Jponice'a  Jula- 
pa  seu  purya  seu  Schiedea'na  seu  rnacrorhi'za. 
Jala'j^ijim,  Jalo'pa,  Mechoaca'na  iiiyra,  Jidap- 
pn,  Jalapa,  Jalap  Boot,  Gialappa,  Xohippu, 
Bryo'nia  Mechoacan'u  iii'yricans,  Bryo'nia  Pe- 
ruvia'na,  Cliela'pa,  Rhahar'barnm  Niyriim, 
Gelap'pium,  (F.)  Jalap,  is  produced  from  South 
America.  Its  odour  is  nauseous;  taste  swcetLsh 
and  slightly  pungent.  It  is  solid,  hard,  heavy, 
brittle  ;  fracture,  resinous  ;  internally,  light  gray  ; 
externally,  covered  with  a  deep  brown,  wrinkled 
bark.  Its  operation  is  cathartic,  tho  resinous 
part  griping  violently.  Dose,  10  gr.  to  J^ss.  A 
drop  or  two  of  any  essential  oil  may  prevent  it 
from  griping.  An  active  principle  has  been  sepa- 
rated from  Jalap,  to  which  the  names  Jalopin 
and  Cathartin  have  been  given. 

An  inferior  kind,  called  liyht.  fusiform  or  «»«/• 
jfdap,  is  yielded  by  Ipomw'a  seu  Convol'vnhii 
Orizaben'sis,  I.  batato'i'dis  scu  Mcstitlan'ica,  which 
grows  near  Orizaba  and  Alestitlan,  in  Mexico. 


CONVULSE 


3  9 


COOSTRUM 


CoNvoLvri.ng  Major  Albi:s,  Convolvulus  se-  [ 
jiiiim — c.  Miiriliuius,  Convolvulus  solJaiiella.  I 

C  0  N  V  O  l.'V  U  L  U  S  MkCIIO'aCAN,  J/evlioaca'nCB 
Kddi.r,  Jiildjj'pil  (ilbd,  Rlt(tb(ir'li(iruvi  album,  Pip- 
tunleijiit  I'lHo'iiin,  Mevhuiican,  Jitivncit,  (F.)  lilia- 
hdibi;  ou  JUnibfiibe  bUnicke  ou  den  /tides,  Jtilfip 
bliiiic,  Jlii/oue  d'Aiiierii/ue.  A  Mexican  convoi- 
vulu.s,  the  root  of  which  possesses  aperient  pro- 
jierties,  and  was  once  extensively  used  instead  of 
jiiliip.  !See  Batata  de  purga. 
Ci>NVoi,viiLi;s  Mkgalohiiizus,  C.  Panduratus. 
CoNVOLVrM^s  Js'lL,  I}i(HH(t'ii  nil,  Blue  3l(irtii>i(j- 
'jliiii/.  An  East  Indian  plant,  naturalized  in  some 
of  tlie  AVestern  States.  The  seeds  are  sold  in 
Calcutta  as  a  cathartic.  The  roots  have  the  same 
jiri))Krties. 

CoNVoLvi'Liis  Operculatits,  see  Batata  de 
ljur;;a — c.  Orizahensis,  see  Convolvulus  Jalajia. 

Coxvol'vuh'S  Panpuka'tus,  C.  3/egaloihi'- 
ziis,  pHiiitld-mcvhoucii' na,  FiddU-leared  Jiiiid- 
■11  fed,  Jfni/  Potato,  Virginian  Bindweed,  Wild 
J'dla'to,  Mech'umeck,  31.  Bindxceed,  Wild  Jalap, 
Man  ill  the  (/round,  Man  of  the  Enrth,  Wild  Jihii- 
biirh,  Wild  Potato -Vine,  Kansau'de'-,  A'annti'der, 
Kiiniander,  (¥.)  Lineron  JIfechainec.  In  Virginia, 
and  some  other  parts  of  the  United  States,  the 
root  of  this  plant  has  been  much  recommended  in 
Ciises  of  gravel.  It  is  used  either  in  powder  or 
decoction. 
Convolvulus  Pkrbnnis,  Humulus  lupulus. 
Convolvulus  pes  Ca'pRjE,  Bartjada.  A 
plant  used  in  India  as  a  cataplasm  in  arthritic 

CJISCS. 

Convolvulus  Repens,  C.  sepium. 

Convolvulus  Scammo'nea  seu  Scammo'nia, 
C.  tSyriavits.  The  systematic  name  of  the  Scam'- 
mniiij  Plant.  A  Syrian  and  Mexican  plant;  the 
concrete  gummi-resinous  juice  of  which,  Scam- 
iiio'iiia,  SeanimonieB  Giiiiiriii  Beni'na,  iSeanimoninm, 
S.  Si/riaentii,  JJiafjryd'ium,  Dacri/dioti,  Seavimo- 
»//,  Molimoudy,  {F.)  Scanimonee  d'Alep,  comes  to 
us  in  blackish-gray  fragments,  becoming  whitish- 
yellow  when  towhed  with  wet  fingers.  It  is  a 
drnstie,  hydragoguo  cathartic.  Dose,  gr.  iij  to 
gr.  XV,  triturated  with  sugar. 

Convolvulus,  Ska,  Convolvulus  Soldanella. 

Convol'VULUS  Se'pium,  Convolvulus  major 
alhus  seu  repens  seu  Tugurio'rum,  Calyste'gia 
sr'jiium,  Great  or  Hedge  Jlindweed,  (F.)  Lineron 
(lis  Jlaies,  Grand  Lineron.  The  juice  of  this 
plant  is  violently  purgative,  and  is  given  in  drop- 
sical affections. 

Convol'VULUS  Soi.danel'la.  The  systematic 
name  of  the  Sea  Convolvulus,  Convol'vulus  Jlarit'- 
imus,  Jtras'sica  jUari'na,  Cali/ste'gia  Soldanella, 
Sea  ISindiceed,  Soldnnel'la,  (F.)  Choti  Marin. 
The  leaves  of  this  plant  are  said  to  be  drastic  ca- 
thartic ;  but  they  are  not  much,  if  at  all,  used. 

CoNVOLvrns  Syuiacus,  Convolvulus  scam- 
nioniii — c.  Tuguriorum,  C.  sepium. 

Convol'VULUS  Tuupe'thum,  Turpe'thum.  The 
syslemalie  name  of  the  Turbith  plant.  (F.)  Ita- 
ciiic  de  Turbith.  The  cortical  part  of  the  root  of 
(liis  species  of  convolvulus  is  brought  from  the 
East  Indies.     It  is  a  cathartic,  but  not  used. 

CONVULSE,  Convulsed. 

CONVUL'SED,  Conrul'sns,  (F.)  Convulsi. 
Paine  etymon  as  convulsion.  Affected  with  con- 
vulsions. 

COXVULSIBILITAS.seeSubsultustendinum. 

COSVULSIF,  Convulsive. 

CONVULSIO,  Convulsion  —  c.  Canina,  see 
Canine  laugh. 

Convul'sio  Cerea'lis,  Convul'sio  ah  Usti- 
lai/iiie  seu  Solonien'sis,  Ergotis'mus  spnsmod'i- 
ciiH,  Mi/rmeci'asis,  3fi/rmecias'mu8,  Jn/rmecia'mus, 
Mi/ruieco'sis,  Ce'real  Convulsion,  (F.)  Conrnlaion 
cerfaie.  Ergot isine  convulsif,  Convulsion  de  So- 
logne.     A   singular   disorder   of    the  convulsive 


kind,  attended  with  a  peculiar  tingling  and  for- 
mication in  the  arms  and  legs;  hence  called  by 
the  Germans  Kri  e  belk  ran  k  h  ei  t.  It  is  said 
to  be  endemic  in  some  parts  of  Germany,  and  to 
arise  often  from  the  use  of  spoiled  corn.  See 
Raphania. 

CoNVULSio  Habitualis,  Chorea  —  c.  Indica, 
Tetanus — c.  Raphania,  Ka[ihania — c.  Soloniensis, 
C.  cerealis.  Ergotism — c.  Tonica,  Tonic  Spasm — 
c.  Uteri,  Abortion. 

CONVUL'SION,  Spasmus,  Convul'sio,  from 
covvellere,  {con  and  vellere,  rulsum.)  'to  tear,  'to 
pull  together;'  Conduc'tio,  Hieran'osus,  Disten'tio 
vervo'rum.  Spasmus  clon'icus,  Convul'sio  elon'ica, 
Eclamp'sia,  Syspa'sia  Convul'sio,  Hypersj/asm'ia, 
Clonic  Spasm.  This  word  has  several  accepta- 
tions. It  weans  any  violent  perversion  of  the 
animal  movements.  The  word  Convul'sions  ge- 
nerally, however,  signifies  alternate  contractions, 
violent  and  involuntary,  of  muscles,  which  habi- 
tually contract  only  under  the  influence  of  the 
will.  This  alternate  contraction,  when  slight,  is 
called  tremor  ;  when  strong  and  permanent,  teta- 
nus,  trismus,  &.Q.  Spasms,  Cramp,  Ilisus  Sardo' 
nicus,  and  .SV.  Vitns's  Dance  are  convulsions. 

Convulsion,  Salaam',  Eclamp/sia  ?eu  Spasmus 
nutans.  A  name  given  to  a  singular  kind  of  con- 
vulsion in  chililrcn,  in  which  there  is  a  peculiar 
bobbing  of  the  head  forward. — Sir  Charles  Clarke. 

COiWULSWN  DE  SULUGJS'E,  Convulsio 
cerealis. 

CONVULSIONNAIRE  (F.).  A  name  given, 
during  the  last  century,  to  individuals  who  had, 
or  affected  to  have,  convulsions,  produced  by  re- 
ligious impulses.  The  epithet  was  first  given  to 
fanatics,  who  exhibited  the  most  wonderful  and 
varied  seizures,  at  the  tomb  of  Paris,  a  Jan?enist, 
who  died  in  the  year  1727,  and  was  buried  in  the 
cemetery  of  St.  Mcdard.  Some  of  these  wero 
called  Sauteuses  or  Jumpers,  of  whom  there  have 
been  examples  in  more  recent  times  :  others,  from 
barking  like  a  dog,  were  called  aboyeuses ;  and 
others,  from  mewing  lil;e  a  cat,  miaulantes. 

A  form  of  convulsion,  induced  by  religious 
frcnz}',  has  been  vulgarly  called  the  "jerks,"  and 
the  gymnastic  movements  of  the  Shakers  may  be 
placed  in  the  same  category. 

CONVULSIONS  OF  CHILDREN,  Eclampsia 
—  c.  (les  Enfans,  Eclampsia —  c.  des  Femnies  en- 
ceintes et  en  couches.  Eclampsia  gravidarum  et 
parturientium — e.  Puerperal,  Eclampsia  gravida- 
rum et  parturientium.     See  Mania,  dancing. 

CONVUL'SIVE,  Convulsi' vus,  Spasmo'des, 
Agitato'rius,  (F.)  Convulsi/.  That  which  is  ac- 
companied by,  or  is  analogous  to,  convulsions,  as 
convulsive  cough,  convulsive  disease. 

CONYZA,  Inula  dysenterica — c.  Bifoliata,  Se- 
ricocarpus  tortifolius  —  c.  Coma  aurea,  Solidago 
Virgaurea — c.  Major,  C.  squarrosa — c.  Media, 
Inula  dysenterica — c.  Pycnostacbya,  Pterocaulon 
pycnostachyum. 

Cony'za  Squarro'sa,  C.  3fajor,  Brephoc'to- 
non,  In'ula  squarro'sa.  Great  Flcabane  or  Spike- 
nard, {F.)  Herbe  au.v  mouches.  Ord.  Compositae. 
A  European  plant,  whose  strong  and  disagreeable 
odour  was  formerly  considered  to  be  destructive 
to  flies,  fleas.  <&c.  Its  infusion  in  wine  was  once 
used  as  an  emmenagogue  and  anti-icteric;  and  in 
vinegar  as  an  anti-epileptic. 

COOKERY,  Culinary  art. 

COOLWEED,  Pilea  pumila. 

COONTIE  or  COONTI,  see  Arrowroot. 

COOPER'S  WELL,  see  Mississippi,  Mineral 
Waters  of. 

COOPERCULUM  OCULI,  Palpebra. 

COOPERTORIUM,  Thyroid  cartilage. 

COOSTRUM.  The  middle  part  of  the  dia- 
phragm. — Ruland. 


COOT 


240 


COR 


COOT,  Malleolus. 

COOTII,  Ciiiarrh. 

CUP  A /It  Eli,  Copaiba. 

COP  AH  I  r,  Copaiba. 

COPA'IBA.  The  resinous  juice  of  Copa'i/'cra 
officliiu'/iii  seu  Jiicqiiiiii,  Copnirci  (ifficiHa'liii,  and 
otiier  species  of  Copaifera;  (F.)  Cajxihler.  Orel. 
LeguiniiiosiB.  Seu\  Si/nf.  Decandria  Monogynia. 
It  is  the  C'ipai/ercB  offichin'lis  Besi'na,  llaVna- 
miim  Copiilbm  seu  Hrazil leii'ne  seu  de  Copnibd  sen 
Capi'ci,  B((liam  of  Copnibn  or  Copaiva,  (vul- 
garly pronounced  cnpce'rij.)  (F.)  Copahti,  liainne 
cle  Copahu,  B.  du  Tiresil,  Terihiuthe  de  Cupahn. 
Its  odour  is  peculiar,  but  not  unpleasant ;  taste 
pungent,  bittor;  consistence,  syrupy  ;  colour  yel- 
lowish, and  transparent.  It  is  soluble  in  alcohol, 
ether,  and  the  expressed  oils.  S.  g.  0.950.  Its 
properties  are  stimulant  and  diuretic ;  in  large 
doses  it  is  purgative.  It  acts  on  the  lining  mem- 
brane of  the  urethra,  and  on  mucous  membranes 
in  general.  It  is  given  in  gonorrhoea,  gleet,  leu- 
corrhcea,  kc,  in  the  dose  of  gtt.  x  to  ^j,  twice  or 
thrice  a  day.  Should  symptoms  of  urticaria  or 
diarrliwa  arise,  the  dose  is  too  large,  and  must  be 
diminished.  It  can  be  inspissated  by  means  of 
magnesia  so  as  to  be  made  into  pills,  and  a  plan 
has  been  devised  for  enveloping  it  in  gelatin,  so 
that  its  taste  is  entirely  concealed.  See  Cap- 
sules, gelatinous. 

COPAIFERA  JACQUINI,  see  Copaiba  — c. 
Officinalis,  see  Copaiba. 

COPAIVA  OFFICINALIS,  see  Copaiba. 

COPAL',  Copiile,  Besi'na  Copal,  Gninmi  cnpnl- 
li'nuin.  A  resinous  substance  brought  from  the 
East  Indies,  South  America,  and  the  western 
coast  of  Africa,  which  flows  spontaneously  from 
Elcp.ocnr'piis  Copnlli/'erus,  Vnte'ria  Iiid'ica,  and 
probably  from  different  species  of  IJipiiena'a. 
Ord.  Leguuiinosae.  It  is  a  stimulant  like  all  the 
resins,  a-nd,  dissolved  in  rectified  spirits  of  wine, 
has  been  used  in  cases  of  spongy  gums  and  loose- 
ness of  the  teeth  ;  but  it  is  now  only  employed 
in  varnishes. 

COPALCHE  BARK,  see  Croton  pseudo-china. 

C0P-150XE,  Patella. 

COPE.  Cut. 

COP  HO  MA,  Cophosis. 

COPHONIA,  Acouophonia, 

COPHO'SIS,  Copho'ma,  CopVotes,  Snr'ditaa, 
Paftten'm'ii,  Di/S(Bsthe'sia  aitdi'to'ria ;  from  Kuxpo;, 
'deaf.'  (F.)  Surdite.  Diminution  or  loss  of 
hearing.  Cullen  uses  the  word  synonymously 
with  Dyxecwd,  and  Pinel  with  Pmacou'sla  or 
Parac'tie.  According  to  Sauvages,  Cophosis  dif- 
fers from  both, — from  Dyaecaen,  because  in  it  the 
sonorous  rays  cannot  reach  the  labyrinth  ;  and 
from  Pfir((coiisia,  which  consists  in  a  confused 
state  of  hearing. 

Cophosis  seems,  usually,  to  be  synonymous 
■with  deafness, — Parnot'sis,  Sur'ditas. 

COPHOTES,  Cophosis. 

COPIOPIA,  Copyopia. 

COPOS,  Lnssifii'do,  Fatiga'fio,  Lns'aitude,  Fa- 
tigue. A  state  of  body  in  which  most  of  the  ani- 
mal functions  are  e.xerted  with  less  promptitude 
and  vigour  than  common.  The  ancients  admit- 
ted three  species:  1.  That  arising  from  plethora, 
Lassitn'do  teiisi'va,  tono'des;  2.  From  plethora 
and  increased  heat  combined,  Lassiln'do  phlffj- 
mono'sa,  (P.stiio'sn,  phlegmono'des ;  and,  .3.  Owin;' 
to  a  morbid  condition  of  the  humours,  Lassitu'do 
ulcero'sa,  helco'des, 

COPPER,  Cuprum  —  c.  Ammoniated,  Cuprum 
aminoniatum — c.  Ainmonio-sulphate  of,  Cuprum 
ammoniatum — c.  Rose,  Papaver  rhoeas — c.  Sub- 
acetate  of,  Cupri  subacetas — c.  Sulphate  of,  Cupri 
sulphas  —  0.  Ammoniacal  sulphate  of,  Cuprum 
ammonlatum. 


COPPERAS,  Ferri  sulphas  — c.  White,  Zinci 
sulpiias. 

COPPER-NOSE,  Gutta  rosea. 

COPRACRASIA,  Scoracrasia. 

COPRACRATIA,  Scoracrasia. 

COPKAGO'GUM,  from  Ko-npo;,  'faeces,'  and 
ayo),  'I  bring  away.'  Sterols  i  prim  is  viis  edit', 
ceus.  A  cathartic.  Tlie  name  of  a  laxative  elec- 
tuary, mentioned  by  Ruland. 

COPRECCRITICUS,  Coprocriticus. 

COPREM'ESIS,  C'ipriein'esis,  Vum'itns  fcem. 
len'tits  seu  ster'coris:  same  etymon  as  the  ne.\t. 
Vomiting  of  fiBces. 

COPREM'ETUS,  Coproem'etiis,  Copriem'elim, 
JIferdiv'o/iuis,  from  xonpos,  'excrement,'  and  cuiui, 
'I  vomit.'     One  who  vomits  faces. — Uiiipocrates. 

COPRIEMESIS,  Copremesis. 

COPRIKMETUS,  Copremetus. 

COPROCRIT'ICUS,  Copreccrit'icus,  from  koit- 
pos,  'excrement,'  and  Kptpui,  'I  separate.'  A  mild 
cathartic ;  an  eccoprotic. 

COPROExMETUS,  Copremetus. 

COPROEPrsCHESIS,  Constipation. 

COPROLITHUS,  see  Calculi  of  the  stomach 
and  intestines. 

COPROPIIORESIS,  Catharsis. 

COPROPHORIA,  Catharsis. 

COPRORRIICEA,  Diarrhoea. 

COPROS,  Excrement. 

COPROSCLERO.MA,  Coprosclerosis. 

COPROSCLERO'SIS,  from  (coTT/ios,' excrement,' 
and  oKXripou),  'I  harden.'  Induration  of  f<ecal 
matters ;  Coprosclero'ma. 

COPROSTASIS,  Constipation. 

COPTE,  Copton,  from  Kovmi,  'I  beat  or  pound.' 
A  sort  of  cake,  composed  of  vegetable  substances, 
which  the  ancients  administered  internally,  ami 
applied  to  the  epigastric  region  in  the  form  of 
cataplasm. 

COPTIS,  C.  trifo'lia,  Nigel'ln,  Jlelleh'nrm 
tri/o'-ljus,  Fihra  au'rea,  Chn/za  fibrau'ren,  Anc- 
mo'tie  Griinlau'dicn,  Gold  thread,  Mouth  root  ; 
from  KOTtTu),  'to  cut,'  in  reference  to  the  divided 
leaves.  The  root  of  this  evergreen — Coptis,  (Pli. 
U.  S.)— is  much  used  in  Massachusetts,  in  apli- 
thous  and  other  ulcerations  of  the  mouth,  as  a 
local  application.  It  is  a  pure  bitter,  and  can  be 
used  wherever  such  is  indicated. 

CoPTiS  Teeta,  Mishme  Teeta  (Upper  Assam), 
Honijlane  (Chinese).  The  root  of  this  plant  is 
considered  to  be  a  powerful  tonic  and  stouiacbic. 

COPTON,  Copte. 

COPULA,  Ligament — c.  Carnalis,  Coition — c. 
Cartilaginea,  see  Synchondrosis — c.  Magna  cere- 
bri. Corpus  callosum. 

COPULATION,  Coition. 

COPYO'PIA,  Copio'pia,  Kopyo'pia,  A'npio'pln 
Ophthalmocopia,  (F.)  Lassitude  oenluire,  froia 
KOTiOi,  'fatigue,'  and  u>\I/,  'the  eye.'  Fatigue  of 
vision.  Weakness  of  sight.  Inability  of  the 
eye  to  sustain  continued  exertion. 

COQ,  Phasianus  Gallus — c.  des  Jurdiiis,  Tana- 
cetum. 

COQUE  DU  LEVANT,  see  Menispermum 
coceulus  —  c.  d'CEuf,  see  Ovum  —  c.  ierant,  see 
Menispermum  coceulus. 

COQVELICOT,  Papaver  rhoeas. 

COQUELOURDE,  Anemone  Pulsatilla. 

COQCEUJCHE.  Influenza.  Pertussis. 

CO(iUEN'TIA  MEDICAMENT'A,  from  co- 
quere,  'to  digest.'  Medicines  which  were  for- 
merly believed  to  be  proper  for  favouring  the 
coction  or  digestion  of  food. 

COQVEBET,  Phvsalis. 

COQUETTE,  Influenza. 

COQUILLE,  Cochlea— c.  d' (Euf,  see  Ovum. 

COR,  a  corn.  Also,  Heart  —  c.  Aortitura,  .=ee 
Heart  —  c.  Arteriosum,  see  Heart  —  c.  Buvinum, 


CORACO 


241 


CORDOLIUM 


Ilefirt,  hypertrophy  of  the — c.  Ilirsutum,  Cor  vil- 
losuiii — c.  Jli.'*pi(luiii,  Cor  villosuin — c.  Pulmonale, 
see  Ilcurt  —  c.  Taurinum,  Heart,  hypertrophy  of 
the — c.  Tomcntosum,  Cor  villosum — c.  Venosum, 
see  Heart. 

Coit  ViLLo'sUM,  C.  tomeiHo'suvt  seu  hlrsu'tnm. 
seu  III  up' I  (III  in.  The  condition  of  the  heart,  at 
times,  lifter  pericarditis,  when  it  is  studded  with 
projections  of  librinous  matter  from  its  surface. 

COK'ACO.  In  composition,  appertaining  or 
rcliitiii)?  to  the  coraeoid  process. 

COKACOURACniyEUS,  Coracobrachialis. 
COR'ACO-BHA'CIIIAL,    Cor' aco- 1]  rack  la' lis. 
Belon};ing  both  to  the  coraeoid  process  and  .arm. 

Cohaco-IjUAchia'i.is  (Muscle),  Coracubrachi- 
rs'us,  Cdnico-liiiiiiend — (Ch.),  Peifora'tus  Casse'- 
itil,  Per/aratun,  is  situate  at  the  inner  and  upper 
part  of  the  arm.  It  arises  from  the  coraeoid 
process  of  the  scapula,  and  is  inserted  at  the 
middle  pint  of  the  inner  side  of  the  humerus.  It 
carries  tiio  arm  forwards  and  inwards,  raising 
the  hunicrus  a  little.  It  can,  also,  by  acting  in- 
versely, (lepress  the  shoulder. 

COKACO-CLAVIC'ULAR,  Coraco-dnvicula'- 
rls.  Belonging  to  the  coraeoid  process  and  cla- 
vicle. 

CoiiACO  Cr.AVicuLAR  LiGAMENT  —  called,  also, 
Omo-vliiricnlur  —  serves  to  unite  the  clavicle  to 
the  coraeoid  process.  It  is  very  irregular,  and 
formed  of  two  fasciculi,  which  the  greater  part 
of  anatomists  have  described  as  particular  liga- 
ments, under  the  nnmes  Conoid  and  Trapezoid. 

C0RA(^OI)i;S.  Coraeoid. 

COllACO-ilUiMERALIS,  Coraco-brachialis  — 
c.  Ilyoideiis,  Omohyoideus  —  c.  Radialis,  Biceps 
flexor  culiiii. 

COR'ACOID,  CorncoVdeus,  Coracoi'den,  Cora- 
co'den,  from  Kiipa^,  KopaKog,  'a  crow,'  and  ci^og, 
'rcsemhlanec.'  (F.)  Coracoide.  Resembling  the 
beak  of  a  erow.  A  name  given  by  Galen — and 
still  retained — to  the  short,  thick  process,  situate 
at  the  nnteriiir  part  of  the  upper  margin  of  the 
scapula,  which  has  some  resembhince  to  the  beak 
of  a  crow.  I'rocens'un  Coracoi'dciis  seu  nncina'- 
tuK  seu  cornicida'ria  seu  anchora'lis  seu  rostri- 
fnrm'is  seu  rnici/roi'den,  Crow's  hcak-like  process. 
This  process  gives  attachment  to  the  Coruco-cla- 
vic'xdnr  and  Cornco-ncro'mial  ligaments,  and  to 
the  Conieo-ltrachia'lis,  Pectora'lis  minor,  and 
Biceps  muscles. 

CoRAroiD  Lig'ament,  Ligrtmen'tinn  coracoV- 
deum,  (f.)  L.  Coraco'idien.  This  name  is  given 
to  the  small  fibrous  fasciculus,  which  converts 
the  notch,  at  the  superior  margin  of  the  scapula, 
into  a  foramen. 

COR  AIL,  Coral  —  c.  dcs  Jardiiis,  Capsicum 
annuuin. 

CORAL,  Coral'linm,  Coral'lus,  Conrn'lium, 
Arhor  Maris,  Aznr,  Jiole'ais,  from  Kopcu),  'I  adorn,' 
and  'a,\s.  'tlie  sea;'  and,  according  to  some,  from 
Kopri,  'a  daughter,'  and  '«>$,  'the  sea.'  (F.)  Cornil. 
One  of  the  most  beautiful  productions  of  the  deep. 
It  is  fixed  to  submarine  rocks,  in  the  form  of  a 
shrub,  and  is  of  a  bright  red  colour.  It  is  the 
habitation  of  a  multitude  of  animals,  of  the  Zoo- 
phyta  orcler,  and  is  formed  of  a  calcareous  sub- 
stance, secreted  by  the  animals  themselves.  It 
is  in  very  hard,  concentric  layers ;  covered,  ex- 
ternally, by  a  species  of  porous  bark,  full  of 
cellules,  each  of  which  contains  one  of  these 
animals.  Linnanis  calls  the  red  coral,  his  nob'- 
ilis,  an<l  i\r.  de  Lamarck,  Coral'linm  rnbnim.  It 
is  much  fislie<l  for  on  the  coasts  of  Barbary  and 
Sicily.  Coral  was  formerly  esteemed  tonic,  ab- 
sorbent, astringent.  Ac;  but  analysis  has  shown, 
that  it  contains  only  carbonate  of  lime  and  a  lit- 
tle gelatin.  —  Dioscorides,  Pliny,  Oribasius,  the 
Oeopnnicn,  &c.  Cornlliiim  albnm  is  a  hard, 
white,  calcareous,  brittle  substance,  the  nidus  of 
1() 


the  Madrep'ora  ocula'ta.     It  has  been  given  as 
an  absorbent. 

CORALLI'NA.  Diminutive  of  Corallium : 
Miiseus  murit'imus,  Corallina  officinu'lis,  lirion, 
Corallina  alba,  Sea  Cor'alline,  White  Worm-tceed, 
(F.)  Coralline  blanche.  The  production  of  an 
animal,  which  belongs  to  the  class  Pol'ijpi,  and 
which  is  found  in  all  the  seas  of  Europe;  —  par- 
ticularly in  the  Mediterranean.  It  has  the  ap- 
pearance of  a  plant,  is  homogeneous,  an  inch  or 
two  in  height,  of  a  white,  reddish,  or  greenish 
colour,  salt  taste,  and  marine  smell.  It  contains 
gelatin,  albumen,  chloride  of  sodium,  phosphate, 
carbonate,  and  sulphate  of  lime,  carbonate  of 
magnesia,  silica,  oxide  of  iron,  and  a  colouring 
principle.  It  was  once  much  used  as  a  vermi- 
fuge ;  but  is  not  now  employed.  Dose,  Jss  to  3J> 
in  powder. 

Corallina  Cousica'na,  C.  rubra,  Helmintho- 
chorton,  Helniiiithochort'um,  Elminihochorton, 
Muscus  helminlhochortos,  Melithochorton,  3fuscns 
coralli'nns  seu  Mari'nns  seu  Cor'sicns,  Con/er'va 
Ileliiiinthochortos,  Sphterococ'cus  heliiiiiithochor- 
tos,  Giyarti'na  seu  Ploca'ria  seu  Fiiciis  helmin- 
thochorton,  Coralli'na  melitochortoii,  Lemilhochor- 
ton,  Ceru'mium  helminthochort'us,  Corsican  Worm- 
weed,  (F.)  Coralline  de  Corse  ou  noire,  Jfoiisse 
de  Corse.  It  is  a  mixture  of  several  marine  i)lants 
and  zoophytes,  as  the  fncns,  ceraminin,  nha,  co- 
ralline, conferva,  &c.,  and  has  gained  great  repu- 
tation for  destroying  all  kinds  of  intestinal  worms, 
when  given  in  strong  decoction.  The  (jeneva 
Pharmacopeia  directs  an  ofBcinal  syrup  —  the 
Sirop  de  Coralline. 

COKALLTNE  BLANCHE,  Corallina  — c.  de 
Corse,  Corallina  Corsicana  —  c.  Noire,  Corallina 
Corsicana. 

CORALLOIDES  FUNGUS,  Clavaria  coral- 
loides. 

CORALWORT,  Clavaria  coralloides. 

CORCULUM  GERMINIS,  see  Molecule. 

CORD,  Fnnis,  Funic' nlns,  Chwnos,  Cha-'nion, 
;j^oii'oy,  ^oiviov,  from  the  Latin  Chorda,  which  is 
itself  derived  from  yopir),  'intestine;'  and,  after- 
wards, was  applied  to  musical  cords  or  strings, 
made  of  the  intestines  of  animals.     See  Chorda. 

CouD,  Spermatic,  see  Spermatic  cord — c.  Um- 
bilical, Funiculus  umbilicalis. 

Couns,  Vocal,  Cords  of  Ferrein,  ChordcB  vo- 
ca'les,  Ch.  Ferre'nii.  A  name  given  to  the  liga- 
ments of  the  glottis,  which  Ferrein  compared  to 
stretched  cords,  and  to  which  he  attributed  the 
production  of  voice.  See  Thyreo-arytonoid  Liga- 
ment. 

CORD  A,  Chorda — c.  Hippocratis,  Achillis 
tendo  —  c.  Magna,  Achillis  tendo  —  c.  Spinalis, 
Medulla  spinalis. 

COIIDE  DU  TAMBOUB,  Chorda  tympani 
— c.  dn  Ti/mpan,  Chorda  tympani. 

CORDEE,  Cbordee. 

CORDIA  AFRICANA,  Sebestina— c.  Domes- 
tica,  Sebestina — c.  Myxa,  Sebestina — c.  Obliqua, 
Sebestina — c.  Sebestina,  Sebestina — c.  Smooth- 
leaved,  Sebestina. 

COR'DIAL,  Cordia'lis,  Cardi'acns,  from  cor, 
cordis,  'the  heart.'  A  tonic  or  excitant  medicine, 
judged  to  be  proper  for  exciting  the  heart.  A 
warm  stomachic. 

Cordial,  Godfrey's,  see  Godfrey's  Cordial — c. 
Nervous,  Brodum's,  see  Tinctura  gentianaj  com- 
posita — c.  Sir  Walter  Raleigh's,  Confectio  aroma- 
tiea — c.  Warner's,  see  Tinctura  rhci  et  senna". 

CORDIFORM  TENDON  OF  THE  DIA- 
PHRAGM, Centre,  phrenic. 

CORDINE'MA,  from  xupa,  'the  head,'  [?]  and 
itrcii),  '  I  move  about.'  Headache,  accompanied 
with  vcrti<;o.     See  Carebaria. 

CORDIS  EMUNCTORIUM,  Axilla. 

CaRDOLIUM,  Cardialgia. 


CORDOy 


1A1 


CORN 


CORDON (Y.),  FinuViiZns,  diminutive  of /i(iu"»,  j 
'a  cord.'     A  term  applied  to  many  parts,  which 
reseuil)le  a  small  cord. 

CORDON  NEH  VEUN,  Ramus  Nervo'mts.  A 
principal  division  of  a  nerve,  or  the  nervous  trunk 
itself. 

CORDON  OMBILICALE,  Funiculus  umbili- 
calis — e.  Spermatiqne,  Spermatic  chord — c.  Testi- 
cuhu're.  Spermatic  chord. 

CORDONS    SUS-PUniENS,    Bound    liga- 
ments of  the  uterus — c.  Vasculaires,  Round  liga- 
ments of  the  uterus. 
CORDS,  see  Cord. 
CORE,  Pupil,  see  Furunculus. 
COKEC'LISIS,  An/cijloc'ore,  Atrctops'in,  from 
Kopr),   'pupil,'  and  kXciu),   'I   close.'      Closure  or 
obliteration  of  the  pupil. 

CORECTOMIA,  see  Coretomia. 
CORECTOP'IA,  from  Kopr,,  'the  pupil,'  «,  'out 
of,'  and  Toiroi,  'place.'  Displacement  of  thei)upil. 
A  condition  of  the  iris  in  vrhieh  one  segment  is 
larger  than  the  other;  so  that  the  pupil  is  not  in 
ihe  centre. — Von  Amnion. 

COREDIALYSIS,  see  Coretomia. 
CORE'MATA,  from  Kopcoj,  'I  cleanse.'    Reme- 
dies proper  for  cleansing  the  skin.  —  Paulas  of 
/Egina. 

COREMETAMORPHOSIS,  Dyscoria. 
COREMORPIIO'MA,  same  etymon  as  the  next. 
A  morbid  change  in  the  shape  of  the  pupil. 

COREMORPIIO'SIS,  Couforma'tio  jmpill'cB 
artljicia'lis,  Cor'epla»ti/,  from  (copiy,  'the  pupil,' 
and  /jLOfxpwat;,  'formation.'  The  operation  for 
artitic-iiil  pupil.     See  Coretomia. 

CORENCLEFSIS,  from  Kopn,  'the  pupil,'  and 
(yKXciio,  'to  include.'  Operation  for  artificial 
pupil,  which  consists  in  drawing  out,  through  an 
incision  in  the  cornea,  a  portion  of  the  iris,  and 
cutting  it  off. 

COREON'CION,  Coron'cion,  Coreoyi'cium,  from 
Kopn,  'the  pupil,'  and  oyKtvo;,  'a  small  hook.'  An 
instrument,  used  for  the  formation  of  artificial 
pupil  by  Langenbeek.  It  is  hooked  at  its  ex- 
tremity. A  donble-hooked  forceps,  used  by  Von 
Grafe,  is  similarly  named. 

COREOP'SIS   TRICIIOSPER'xMA,    Tkkweed 
Hunjiower,    Tickneed   sunflower ;    from    Kopts,    'the 
bug,'  and    oipn,   'resemblance.'     An    indigenous 
plant,  of  the  Composite  Famtli/,  with  large  golden 
yellow  rays,  which  flowers  in  September.     It  is 
said  to  have  been  used  as  an  alterative. 
€OREPLASTY,  Coremorphosis. 
CORETODIALYSIS,  see  Coretomia. 
CORETOMEDIALYSIS,  see  Coretodialysis. 
CORETOM'IA,    from    Koprj,    'the   pupil,'    and 
Ttfivuv,  'to  cut.'     Iridotom'ia,  Coretotom'ia,  Coro- 
tom'ia,  In'dectom'ia,  Coretonectom'tn,  Corectom'ia, 
Iridodial'ysh,  Corodial'ysis,  Coredial'ysis,    Core- 
tndiiil'ysis,    Coretomedial' yais,   Iridotomedicd'ysis. 
IridectomediaV ysis.     Various   operations  for  the 
formation  of  artificial  pupil  are  so  termed.     The 
first  four  signify  the  simple  incision  of  the  iris 
for  that  purpose ;  the  next  three,  excision  of  the 
iris,  or  incision  with  loss  of  substance;  the  next 
four  the  simple  separation  or  tearing  asunder  of 
the  iris  from  the  ciliary  ligament;  the  ne.xt  two 
such  separation  with  incision  of  the  iris;  and  the 
last  such  separation  with  excision  of  the  part  of 
the  iris  detached.     When  a  portion  of  the  iris  is 
left  strangulated  in  the  wound,  it  is  termed  Iri- 
deticlei'ais,  Iridencleis'tnus,  and  Iridotenclei'sis. 
CORETONECTOMIA,  see  Coretomia. 
CORETOTOMIA,  Coretomia. 
CORIAN'DER,  from  koqh,  '  the  bug  :'  the  smell 
of  the  fresh  herb  resembling  that  of  the  bug.  [?] 
Coriandrum  sativum. 

CORIANDRUM  CICUTA,  Cieuta  virosa— c. 
Maculatum,  Conium  maculatum. 

Cokian''dihjm   SiTi'vujr,   Corian'der,    Coriaii'- 


noti,  (F.)  Corintidre.    Family,  Umbcllifera).    Ser. 
S'yst.  Pentandria  Digynia.     The  seeds  of  Ihe  co- 
riander—  Corian'druin   (Ph.  U.S.),  Coriannon  — 
have   an  aromatic  odour,  and  grateful,  pungent 
taste.     They   are    carminative ,    but  are   chiefly 
used  to  cover  the  taste  of  other  medicines. 
CORIANNON,  Coriandrum  sativum. 
CORKJEEN,  Fucus  crispus. 
CORIITIS,  Cvtitis. 

C0RINTI1I.\C.E,  see  Vitis  Corinthiaca. 
CORTON,  Corium,  Hypericum  perforatum. 
CORIS,  Cime.x — c.  Monspeliensis,  Symphytum 
Petracum. 

CO'RIUM,  Corion,  (F.)  Cidr.  The  skin  of 
animals  is  so  called,  especially  when  tanned. 
The  cutis  vera,  or  the  thickest  part  of  the  huiuini 
skin. 

CoRltiM  Piilogis'ticum,  Crueta  plenret'icn  .seu 
inflnnimato'ria  seu  phloijis'ticn,  Pcymiu,  Iiijlam'- 
matory  Crust  or  Bujf,  Biiffy  Cunt,  (P.)  Cuiieiiite, 
C.  Plcuretiqite,  C.  Injiamnuttoire.  The  grayish 
crust  or  buff,  varying  in  thickness,  observed  oi) 
blood  drawn  from  a  vein  during  the  existence  of 
violent  inflammation,  pregnancy,  Ac.  It  is  par- 
ticularly manifest  in  pleurisy,  and  hence  one  of 
its  names.  For  its  production,  it  appears  to  bo 
requisite,  that  there  should  be  an  increase  in  the 
proportion  of  the  fibrinous  element  of  the  blood 
over  that  of  the  red  corpuscles,  with  increased 
aggregation  of  those  corpuscles.  Under  such 
circumstances,  the  buffy  coat  assumes  a  concave 
appearance  on  its  upper  surface,  and  the  blood  is, 
therefore,  said  to  be  cupped. 

The  buff  is  generally  believed  to  consist  of 
fibrin;  but,  according  to  the  researches  of  Mul- 
der, it  is  composed  of  a  binoxide  of  protein,  which 
is  insoluble  in  boiling  water,  and  a  tritoxide  which 
is  soluble.  These  oxides  are  comprehended  by 
him  under  the  name  oxyprotein. 

When  the  blood  presents  the  above  appearance, 
it  is  said  to  be  huffy. 
CORK,  Suber.' 

CORMIER,  Sorbus  domestica. 
CORMUS.  In  botany,  when  the  stem  of  a 
plant,  without  creeping  or  rooting,  is  distended 
under  ground,  retaining  a  round  or  oval  form,  it 
is  so  called.  The  Cormus  is  vulgarly  termed  a 
root, — radijc. 

CORN,  (Saxon  corn,)  (G.)  Kern.  In  Eng- 
land, tliis  word  means  the  Cerenlia,  or  those 
seeds,  which  grow  in  ears,  not  in  pods.  In  tlie 
United  States,  Corn  always  means  Indian  Corn. 
Its  English  sense  corresponds  to  the  French  Blc 
or  Bled. 

Corn,  Clams,  Clavus  Pedis,  EcpJiy'nia  Claviif, 
Gcmur'sa,  (F.)  Cor,  Oijnon,  from  cormi,  'a  horn.' 
A  small,  hard,  corneous  tumour,  which  forms 
upon  the  foot,  generally  on  the  toes;  and  is  com- 
monly produced  on  the  most  projecting  parts,  by 
the  pressure  of  too  tight  shoes.  A  part  of  thi; 
corn  is  raised  above  the  skin,  and  forms  a  round 
tumour,  like  the  head  of  a  nail :  the  other  por- 
tion, which  serves  as  its  base,  is  buried  more  or 
less  deeply  in  the  integuments,  and  occasionally 
extends  as  far  as  the  tendons  and  periosteum. 
Corns  may,  sometimes,  be  removed,  by  immers- 
ing the  feet  in  warm  water,  but  commonly  they 
return.  They  can,  likewise,  be  destroyed  by  the 
knife  or  caustic,  or  by  paring  them  down  and 
pulling  them  out  by  the  roots ;  but  these  opera- 
tions are  not  always  as  sim])le  as  they  seem.  In 
the  way  of  palliation,  they  must  be  constantly 
pared  ;  and,  for  the  purpose  of  preventing  pres- 
sure, any  soft  plaster,  spread  upon  linen  or  leather, 
may  be  applied,  with  a  hole  in  the  centre  to  re- 
ceive the  corn  ;  and  layer  after  layer  of  plaster 
be  added,  until  they  attain  the  level  of  the  corn. 
When  very  irritable,  the  lunar  caustic,  rubbed 
I  over  the  surface,  will  generally  diminish  irritabi- 


CORXALIXE 


4  3 


C  0  R  N  U 


lity  surprisingly,  and  in  a  mode  not  easy  of  ex- 
planation. 

Corn,  Zca  mays. 

Coitx  Cockle,  Lychnis  githago. 

ConN,  Guinea,  Panicum  Italicum — c.  Indian, 
Zca  mays — c.  AVild,  Matricaria  cliamomilla. 

CoKV  Fi.AG,  Gladiolus  vulgaris  —  c.  Flower, 
Centaurca  cyanus — e.  Salad,  Valeriana  dentata. 

Corn,  Sqiiirukl,  Dicentra  Canadensis. 

aORXAL/A'E,  Cornelian. 

COllXE,  Cornu — c.  d'Ammnn,  Cornu  ammonis 
— c.  de  Ilellcr,  Cornu  ammonis — c.  de  Cerf,  Cer- 
viis,  Cornu  cervi,  Coehlearia  coronopus  —  c.  de 
Vhnmoin,  Cornu  rupicaj)r8B  —  c.  Deicendante  ou 
ui/eneure  da  veutrlcule  latSral,  Cornu  descendens 
ventriculi  lateralis  —  c.  de  la  Peau,  Cornu — c. 
I'ltHtcrienre  dit  ventricide  lateral,  Cornu  posterius 
seu  ])osticuiii  ventriculi  lateralis. 

COIiXE,  Corneous. 

COIt'NEA,  C.  trwispa' rena  seu  pellu'cida  seu 
lii'cidd,  Cerns,  Selerot'ica  cerfilo'i'dex,  CeratoV des 
.«eu  Cerato'dcn  uieinbra'na,  Cerntome'ninx,  3fem- 
hra'nn  cornea;  from  cornti,  'horn.'  The  trans- 
pnreiit  cornea.  (F.)  Corn^e.  One  of  the  coats 
of  the  eye,  so  called  because  it  has  some  resem- 
lilance  to  horn.  It  is  termed  trnmtpnrent  to  dis- 
tinguish it  from  the  opalce — Cornea  opn'ca  or 
Sclerotic.  It  is  convex,  anteriorly ;  concave, 
jiostcriorly ;  forming  nearly  one-fifth  of  the  an- 
torior  i)art  of  the  eye,  and  representing  a  segment 
(if  a  sphere  about  seven  lines  and  a  half,  or  in. 
0'()25  in  diameter.  It  seems  to  be  constituted  of 
himinse  in  superposition,  but  of  the  precise  num- 
lier  anatomists  are  not  agreed.  Henle  assigns  it 
fiur  ;  the  third,  a  very  solid  cartilaginous  lamella, 
being  called  3fembrane  de  Denioiirn  or  3f.  de  Den- 
crmet :  see  Aqueous  linmour.  Messrs.  Todd  and 
Uowman  assign  it  five  layers. 

CoitNRA,  Conical,  Staphyloma  of  the  cornea — 
p.  Opake,  Caligo — c.  Opaca,  Sclerotic — c.  Sugar- 
loaf,  Staphyloma  of  the  cornea. 

CORNER,  Cornea. 

COIINEITIS,  Ceratitis. 

CORNEL,  ALTERN.ATE-LEAVED,  Cornus 
nlternifolia — c.  American  Red-rod,  Cornus  sericea 
— c.  Largc-fiowered,  Cornus  Florida — -c.  Panicled, 
Cornus  paniculata — c.  Rouiid-leavcd,  Cornus  cir- 
cinata — c.  White,  Cornus  paniculata. 

CORNE'LIAN,  Came'lian,  CJialeedo' nius, 
Curne'olus,  Lapin  Carne'olus,  Come' his.  Come' ohm, 
L'ipix Sard' inn,  (F.)  Comnline.  A  precious,  semi- 
tciinsparent  stone,  found  in  Sardinia.  The  an- 
cients ascribed  to  it  a  number  of  absurd  properties. 

CORXELUS.  Cornelian. 

CORNEOLUS,  Cornelian. 

COR'NEOUS,  Cor'tiem,  Hornxj,  (F.)  Come, 
from  cornu,  'a  horn.'  Having  the  nature  or  ap- 
jiearance  of  horn. 

CouNROUS  Tissue,  Tela  cor'uea,  is  that  which 
firms  the  nails.  The  corneous  membrane  is  the 
cornea. 

COItNES  DU  CARTILAGE  TfTYRO'/DE, 
Corniiacartilaginis  tliyroidea? — c.  du  Covn/.r,  Cor- 
liiiii  coocysis — e.  de  l' Ih/o'ide.  Cornua  hvnidoi  ossis. 

CORXES  DE  Lf.UAgOX(F.),  ShoHS  Horn«. 
A  name  given  by  Anel  to  the  lachrymal  puncta 
aii<l  ducts. 

CORXES  DE  LA  MATRICE,  Cornua  uteri 
— c.  de  la  Peon,  Horny  excrescences. 

CORNESTA.  Retort. 

CORXET  ACOUSTLQUE.  Ear-trumpet  — e. 
M'lijcn,  Turbinated  bone,  middle — c.de  Morgagni, 
Turliinated  bone,  superior. 

CORXETS,  Turbinated  bones  —  c.  de  Berlin, 
Sphenoidal  cornua — c  Sphenoidaur,  Sphenoidal 
cornua. 

CORXWIIOX,  SCO  Cucurais  sativus  —  c.  rfe 
Cerf,  Cornu  cervi. 


CORNICULARIS  PROCESSUS,  Coraeoid 
process. 

CORNIC'ULUM,  diminutive  o(  cornu,  'a  horn.' 
'a  little  horn.'  A  species  of  cupping  instrument, 
shaped  like  a  trumpet,  having  a  hole  at  the  top 
for  sucking  the  air  out,  to  diminish  the  pressure 
in  its  interior. — Scultetus,  Ilildanus. 

CouNicuLUM  Laryn'gis,  Citpit'uluni  Santori'ni 
seu  Laryn'yia  seu  Cartilatj"iniH  aryteno'idea,  Su- 
pra-arijtenoid  Car'tihufe,  Car'tilage  of  Santorini. 
A  small,  very  movable,  cartilaginous  tubercle, 
found  on  the  arytenoid  cartilages. 

CORXIER,  Cornus  Florida. 

CORNIFICATION,  Racomissement.' 

CORXINE,  see  Cornus  Florida. 

CORNOUILLER,  Cornus  Florida  — c.  d 
FeuilleH  arrondies,  Cornus  circinata — e.  d  Grandee 
Jteurg,  Cornus  Florida — c.  Soycux,  Cornus  sericea. 

CORNU,  Cerag,  Com,  Horn.  (F.)  Come.  A 
conical,  hard,  epidermous  projection,  which 
grows  on  the  heads  of  certain  animals,  serving 
them  as  a  weapon  of  offence  and  defence.  Ana- 
tomists have  given  this  name  to  parts  of  the  hu- 
man body,  which  have  nearly  the  same  shape  as 
the  horns  of  animals. 

CoiiNU.  A  horny  excrescence  ;  a  corneous  wart, 
which  occasionally  forms  on  the  skin,  and  requires 
the  use  of  the  knife  ;  (F.)  Come  de  In  Pcau. — See 
Corn.  Also,  Cornu  Cervi.  —  See  Cervus.  Also, 
a  Retort. 

CoRNu  AcusTicuM,  Ear-trumpct. 

Cornu  Ammo'.nis,  C.  Arie'tis,  Hippocam'pua 
major.  Pes  hippocam'pi  major.  Pes  Ilippopot'ami 
major,  Protuberan'tia  cylind'rica.  Vermis  Bom- 
byc" Inns,  Proces'sus  cer'ebri  latera'lis,  (F.)  Come 
d'Ammott  ou  de  Belier,  Grande  Hippocampe, 
Pied  de  cheval  marin,  Protuberance  cyh'ndro'ide 
(Ch.),  Bourrelet  roule.  A  broad,  considerable 
eminence,  curved  on  itself,  and  situate  at  the 
posterior  part  of  the  lateral  ventricle.  Its  sur- 
face presents  two  or  three  tubercles  separated 
from  each  other  by  shallow  grooves. 

The  Accesso'rias  Pedis  Hippocamp'i,  (F.)  Ac- 
ccssnire  du  pied  d' hippocampe,  is  a  prominence, 
usually  formed  by  the  base  of  the  inferior  cornu 
of  the  lateral  ventricle  of  the  brain.  It  is  merely 
a  fold  of  the  hemisphere,  and  was  by  Malaearne 
called  Cuissnrt  ou  Armnre  des  .Tambes. 

CoiiNU  AxTERius  seu  AxTi'cusi  Ventric'uli 
Latrra'ms;  Anterior  Cornu  of  l!ie  Laf'eral  Ven'- 
tricle.  The  portion  of  the  lateral  ventricle  of  the 
brain,  which  is  lodged  in  the  middle  of  the  lobe, 
and  forms  the  commencement  of  that  cavity. 

Cornu  Cervi,  Comn,  C.  Ccrvi'num,  Cervi 
El'aphi  Cornu,  Hartshorn,  (F.)  Come  de  cerf, 
Bois  de  cerf,  Comichon  de  cerf.  The  horns  of 
various  species  of  the  stag.  They  contain  about 
27  per  cent,  of  gelatin.  The  Slxivings,  Raspa- 
tu'ra  seu  Rns'ura  Cornu  Cervi,  0.  C.  raspa'tum, 
boiled  in  water,  have,  consequently,  been  es- 
teemed emollient  and  nutritive. 

Hartshorn  Jelly  may  be  made  as  follows:  — 
Hartshorn  shatunys,  ^vj  ;  boil  in  water  Oiv  to 
Oij  ;  strain,  and  add,  whilst  hot,  of  lemon-juice, 
two  tablespoonfuls  ;  ichite  sur/ar.  ^v}  ;  and  Sherry 
wine,  two  glasses.  A  good  nutriment  for  the  sick, 
where  wine  is  not  improper. 

When  burnt,  the  shavings  constitute  the  Cornu 
cervi  calcina'tum,  Cornu  ustum,  Phosphas  Calcis, 
Calca'ria  phosphor' ica,  (F.)  Come  de  cerf  calcinee, 
Phosphate  de  chaux.  which  consists  of  bl'b  per 
cent,  of  phosphate  of  lime.  It  has  been  used  as 
an  antacid,  but  is  wholly  inert,  as  its  composition 
would  indicate.  It  contains  only  1  per  cent,  of 
carbonate  of  lime. 

Phosphate  of  lime  has  also  been  given  in  osteo- 
malacia, from  a  presumption  that  the  disease  is 
owing  to  a  deficiency  of  earthy  matter  in  the 


CORNUA 


244 


CORONARY 


blood,  which  is  doubtless  an  error — the  fault  being 
in  the  agents  of  assimilation  or  the  cells  of  nu- 
trition. With  as  little  propriety,  it  has  been  pro- 
posed as  an  excitant  to  the  healthy  action  of  the 
cells  in  tuberculosis. 

Bijiip.  earth  is  usually  sold  in  the  shops  for  burnt 
hartshorn. 

The  Dublin  Pharmacopoeia  has  a  Calcis  pTios- 
phan  prcBcipita'tiim,  prepared  by  dissolving  burnt 
ox  b'jiies  in  yiviriatic  acid,  and  precipitating  by 
solution  of  ammonia.  The  dried  precipitate, 
called  bone  phosphate  of  lime,  has  no  virtues  not 
possessed  by  the  cornu  ustum. 

Hartshorn  was  once  supposed  to  possess  a  be- 
zoardic  power. 

CoKNU  Cervinum,  Cervus,  Plantago  corono- 
pus. 

Con\n  Descen'dens  Yentric'uli  Latera'lis, 
(F.)  Come,  descendnnte  ou  inferieiire  du  ventricule 
lateral,  Z>i;/"ital  Cav'itjj,  Descending  or  inferior 
cornu  of  the  lateral  ventricle.  The  termination 
of  the  lateral  ventricle  in  the  middle  lobe  of  the 
brain,  behind  the  fissure  of  Sylvius. 

Cornu  Ethmoidal,  Turbinat&rl  bone,  middle — 
0.  Middle,  Turbinated  bone,  middle. 

Cornu  Postb'rius  sen  Posti'cum  Ventrio'uli 
Latera'hS,  Cnvitas  dirjita'ta,  Posterior  Cornu 
of  the  Lateral  Ventricle,  (F.)  Come  ponterieure 
du  ventricule  lateral.  The  triangular  prolonga- 
tion of  the  lateral  ventricle  of  the  brain  into  the 
substance  of  the  occipital  lobe. 

CoRNir  Rupica'pRj*:,  (F.)  Come  de  Chamois. 
The  horn  of  the  chamois.  It  has  the  same  pro- 
perties as  the  Cornu  Cervi. 

CORNUA,  Turbinated  bones. 

CORNITACARTILAG"lNIsTHYRO'iDE^,  (F.)Co)-nC» 

du  Cartilage  lh;/roide.  Eminences  on  the  thyroid 
cartilage,  distinguished  into  great  or  superior, 
which  are  articulated  with  the  great  cornu  of  the 
OS  hyoides  ;  —  and  into  small  or  inferior,  united 
with  the  cricoid  cartilage. 

ConxuA  Coccy'gis,  Comna  of  the  Coccyx,  (F.) 
Comes  du  Coccyx.  Two  small,  tubercular  emi- 
nences at  the  base  of  the  coccyx,  which  are 
articulated  with  those  of  the  sacrum. 

CoRNUA  Cutanea,  Horny  excrescences. 

CORXUA  HyoiDEI  Ossis,  Radi' ces  oasis  hyo'i'dei, 
Cornua  of  the  Hyoid  Bone,  (F.)  Cornea  de 
I'hyo'ide.  Four  fragments  of  the  os  hyoides, 
situate  above  the  ))ody  of  the  bone,  and  distin- 
guished into  the  small  or  superior,  and  the  great 
or  lateral. 

CoRNUA  Lacrymalia,  Lachrymal  ducts  —  c. 
Limacum,  Lachrymal  ducts,  sec  Lachrymal 
pun  eta. 

CoRNUA  Sacra'lia,  Comua  of  the  Sacrum. 
Two  tubercles,  situate  at  the  posterior  and  in- 
ferior surface  of  the  sacrum,  which  are  some- 
times united. 

CoRNUA,  SniExoiDAL.  see  Sphenoidalia  cornua 
— c.  Styloid,  see  Hyoides,  os. 

Cornua  U'teri,  Comua  of  the  U'terns.  CcrcBce, 
Ktpaiat,  Plec'taneB,  (F.)  Comes  de  la  Jfatrice.  The 
angles  of  the  uterus,  where  the  Fallopian  tulies 
arise.  Sometimes  applied  to  the  Fallopian  tubes 
themselves. 

CORXUE.  Retort— c.  Tuhulee,  see  Retort. 

CORNU.MUSA.  Retort. 

CORXUS  ALTERNIFO'LL\,yl?<«rnrr?e-?e«»erf 
Cornel;  imligenous.  Nat.  Ord.  Cornacese.  The 
bark  is  one  of  the  "Shaker  medicines,"  being 
considered  diaphoretic  and  astringent, 

CoRNUs  Amomus,  C.  sericea  —  c.  Blueberried, 
C.  sericea. 

CORNUS  Circina'ta,  0.  tomento'aa.  Round- 
leaved  Cornel  or  Dogwood,  (P.)  Cornouiller  dfeu- 
illea  arrondies.  Order,  Cornacea?.  The  bark  of 
this  variety  has  been  used  for  similar  purposes 
with  the  next. 


CoRNUS  Flok'ida,  Dogwood,  Dogtree,  Doxtree, 
Bitter  Redherry,Large-JloweredComcl,MaleG  real- 
flowered  Dogwood,  Florida  Dogwood,  Virginian 
Dogwood,  Boxwood  (Xew  England),  (F.)  Cor- 
nouiller, Cornier,  C.  it  grandcs  Jleurs.  The  bark 
of  this  beautiful  tree,  which  grows  everywliero  in 
the  United  States,  has  been  long  employed  as  a 
substitute  for  cinchona.  Dose,  from  ,^ss  to  Jj. 
Its  active  principle  has  been  separated  from  it, 
and  received  the  name  of  Cornine. 

CoRXus  Femina,  C.  sericea  —  c.  Mas  oilorata, 
Lanrus  sassafras. 

CoTtNUS  Panicula'tA,  Pan'icled  or  White  Cor- 
nel or  Dogwood,  indigenous,  has  been  used  as  a 
substitute  for  Cornus  Florida. 

CoRNus  Rdbiginosa,  C.  sericea — c.  Sanguinca, 
Sebestina,  C.  sericea. 

Cornus  Seri'cea,  C.  amo'mus  seu  fe'minn  sen 
ruhigino'sa  SCU  Sangnin'ea,  Swamj)  Dogwood, 
Red  Willotc,  Rose  Willow,  New  England  Dog- 
wood, Female  Dogwood,  Silky-leaved  Dogwood, 
American  Red-rod  Cornel,  Red-rod,  Red  O'eier, 
Blueberried  Dogwood,  Blueberried  Cornus,  (F.) 
Cornouiller  soyeux.  The  bark,  it  is  said,  hns 
been  found  little  inferior  to  Cinchona  Pallida  ia 
intermittents. — Barton. 

CoRNus  ToMENTOSA,  C.  circinata. 

CORNUTA,  Retort. 

CORODIALYSIS,  see  Coretomia. 

COROLLA  INFUNDIBULIFORMIS,  see 
Tube,  Fallopian. 

CORONA,  Crown  — e.  Ciliaris,  Ciliary  body  — 
c.  Dentis,  Crown  of  a  tooth  —  e.  Glandis,  Crown 
of  the  glans— c.  Posterior  ulnae,  Olecranon. 

Coro'nA  Ra'dians,  Ra'diating  Crown  of  Reil. 
Fasciculi  of  white  fibres  radiate  in  all  directions 
from  every  part  of  the  surface  of  the  optic  thala- 
mus, excepting  its  inner  side,  which  is  free  and 
corresponds  to  the  third  ventricle;  the  anterior 
of  these  fibres  pass  directly  forwards,  the  niiddla 
fibres  outwards,  and  the  posterior  backwards, 
forming  the  coro'nn  ra'dians. 

Corona  Regia,  Trifolium  melilotus — c.  Ulnss, 
Olecranon — c.  Veneris,  Crown  of  Venus. 

CORONiE  CILIARIS  MEMBRANULA,  Cili- 
ary  zone — c.  Palpebrarum,  see  Tarsus. 

CORONAD,  see  Coronal  Aspect. 

CORO'NAL,  Curona'lis,  Corona'rius.  Relating 
to  the  croton  ;  from  corona,  '  a  crown.'  A  name 
formerly  given  to  the  frontal  bone,  because  on  it 
partly  reposes  the  crown  of  kings. 

Coronal  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the 
plane  of  the  corona  or  crown  of  the  head.  Coro- 
nad  is  used  adverbially  to  signify  'towards  the 
coronal  aspect.' — Barclay. 

CoRONAr^  Suture,  Sutu'ra  corona'lis,  S.  Froiito- 
parieta'lis,  Piippis  Sutu'ra,  S.  Arcua'lis.  The 
suture  of  the  head,  which  extends  from  one  tem- 
poral bone  to  the  other,  over  the  crown  of  the 
head,  and  unites  the  parietal  bones  with  the 
frontal.  The  Suture  Coronale  of  the  French 
anatomists  is  the  suture  vphich  unites  the  two 
halves  of  the  os  frontis  at  the  early  period  of  life. 
It  is  a  prolongation  of  the  sagittal. 

CORONALE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  waters  are  found  near  Lucca,  in  Italy. 
They  received  their  name  from  an  erroneous 
notion,  that  they  are  particularly  adapted  for 
curing  diseases  of  the  os  frontis.  Their  tempe- 
rature is  95°  Fahrenheit.  They  contain  free 
carbonic  acid,  sulphates  of  lime  and  magnesia, 
chlorides  of  sodium  and  magnesium,  itc,  and 
some  iron. 

CORONARIUS,  Coronal. 

COR'ONARY,  Corona'rius,  (F.)  Coronnire, 
from  corona,  'a  crown.'     Resembling  a  crown. 

Cor'onauy  Artery  of  the  Stomach,  Arte'ria 
Corona'ria  Ventric'uli  seu  Gas'trica  supe'rior, 
(F.)  Artcre  coronaire  etomachique,  A.  Stomognt- 


COROXCION 


24  5 


CORrORA  STRIATA 


triqne  (Cli.),  is  one  of  the  branches  of  the  coeliac, 
which  passes  towards  the  superior  orifice  of  the 
stomach,  extends  along  its  lesser  curvature,  and 
ends  hy  anastomosing  with  the  pyloric  branch 
(if  the  hepatic.  This  artery  furnishes  branches 
to  the  inferior  part  of  the  oesophagus,  the  cardiac 
orifice,  the  great  ciil-cle-sac,  the  middle  part  of 
the  stomach,  the  lesser  omentum,  and  anasto- 
moses with  the  other  arteries  of  those  organs. 

CoHoNARV  Ligament  of  the  liver  is  a  reflection 
of  the  peritoneum,  which  surrounds  the  posterior 
margin  of  the  liver.  The  same  term  is  likewise 
applietl  to  ligaments  which  unite  the  radius  and 
ulna. 

Coronary  Plexus  of  the  HEAnr.  The  ante- 
ri'nr  and  posterior  coronary  plexuses  of  the  heart 
are  derived  from  the  anterior  and  posterior  car- 
diac plexuses.     See  Cardiac  Plexus. 

CiiHONARY  Plexus  op  tub  Stomach.  This 
l)lexus  of  nerves  is  given  ofi' from  the  upper  part 
of  the  solar  plexus. 

Coronary  Sinus  of  the  Heart,  Sinus,  coro- 
nary, venous  —  c.  Sinus  of  llidley,  Sinus  corona- 
riiis. 

Coronary  Tendons,  Ten' dines  corona' rim. 
The  fibro-cartilaginous  rings  at  the  orifices  of  the 
coronary  arteries  and  aorta. 

Coronary  Vein  of  the  Stojiach,  Vena  Coro- 
iin'viii  Ventric'uli,  accompanies  the  artery,  and 
terminates  in  the  vena  porta.  Siiinmering,  and 
some  other  anatomists,  call  all  the  four  arteries 
of  the  stomach  Coronn'rice  Stomach' icce. 

CORONCION,  Coreoncion. 

CORO'NE,  from  opwv;;,  '  a  crow.'  The  coro- 
noid  process  of  the  lower  jaw. 

COR'ONOID,  Corono'i'dcs,  from  icopiiivtj,  'a, 
crow,'  and  eiioi,  'shape,'  'resemblance.'  Re- 
sembling the  beak  of  a  crow.  The  name  has 
been  given  to  two  processes.  One,  situate  at  the 
anterior  and  superior  part  of  the  ramus  of  the  os 
inaxillare  inferius,  and  affording  attachment  to 
the  temporal  muscles :  the  other,  called,  also, 
shiirp  process,  situate  at  the  superior  part  of  the 
ulna,  anterior  to  the  great  sigmoid  fossa,  and 
forming  a  part  of  the  hinge  of  the  elbow-joint. 

CORONOPODIUM,  Plantago  coronopus. 

CORONOPUS,  Cochlearia  coronopus  —  c.  Dc- 
pressus,  Cochlearia  coronopus — c.  Ruellii,  Coch- 
learia coronopus  —  c.  Vulgaris,  Cochlearia  coro- 
nopus. 

COROTOMIA,  Coretomia. 

CORP,  C.idaver. 

CORPORA,  see  Corpus  —  c.  Albicantia,  Mam- 
uiillary  tubercles. 

Corpora  Amyla'cra,  Corpus'cnla  amyla'cea, 
Anii/la'ceousor  Am'i/loid  bodies,  Starch  cor'pnscles, 
Aiiima!  starch.  A  name  given  by  Virchow  to 
oertiiin  bodies  of  microscopic  size,  found  chiefly 
in  the  human  brain  and  spinal  marrow  —  in  the 
cpenili/nin  reiitricidoriim  and  its  prolongations  — 
mingled  with  the  proper  nerve  elements;  and 
liaving  most  of  the  chemical  characters  of  cellu- 
lose. 

Corpora  Arantii,  Noduli  Arantii,  Tubercula 
A. — c.  Bigemina,  Quadrigeinina  corpora — c.  Can- 
dicantia,  Albicantia  corpora,  Mammillary  tuber- 
cles— c.  Cavernosa,  Cavernous  bodies — c.  Fibrosa, 
Corps  Fibrctix. 

Cor'pora  Fimhria'ta,  TcB'nia  Hippocnm'pi, 
Fim'briated  or  /ri)i<ied  bodies,  (F.)  Corps  Frang^s 
on  Hordes,  n'Xiidelclles  des  Comes  d'Aiiimon,  Ban- 
dclettc  de  V Ilippoeniiipe.  The  thin,  flattened,  and 
very  delicate  bund,  situate  along  the  concave  edge 
of  the  coriiu  nmmonis,  which  is  a  continuation 
of  the  posterior  crura  of  the  fornix. 

CoiU'ORA  (^kmiH'i.a'ta,  (F.)  Corps  Genicules, 
C.  ip'noiiilU's.  Kmincnces  situate  at  the  lower 
and  outer  part  of  the  optic  thalami.     Each  optic 


tract  commences  at  the  corp'us  yenicula'tum  ex- 
tern'um.  The  corpus  yenicula'tum  intern'um  is 
merely  a  tubercle  inserted  into  the  bend  or  knee, 
formed  by  the  corpus  geniculatum  externum. 

Corpora  Globosa  Cekvicis  Uteri,  Nabothi 
glandula) — c.  Lutea,  see  Corpus  luteuin. 

Corpora  Malpighia'na,  Malpig'hian  Bodies, 
Ac"ini,  Cor'puseles  or  Glom'erules  of  Ma/pig'hi, 
Glomer'uli  reuri'les,  Corpus'cnla  Midpiij'hii.  Scat- 
tered through  the  jilexus  formed  by  the  blood- 
vessels and  uriniferous  tubes  in  the  kidney,  a 
number  of  small  dark  points  may  be  seen  with 
the  naked  eye,  which  received  their  name  from 
Malpighi,  their  dcscriber.  Each  of  these,  under 
the  microscope,  is  found  to  consist  of  a  convo- 
luted mass  of  blood-vessels,  which  constitutes 
the  true  r/landnh,  corpuscle,  or  glonicrule  <>/  Jlal- 
piylii.  It  was  at  one  time  supposed  that  the 
tubuli  uriniferi  originate  in  them  ;  but  this  does 
not  appear  to  be  the  case.  Their  use  is  not  posi- 
tively known,  but  as  they  have  been  traced  bj' 
Mr.  Bowman  into  the  commencement  of  the  uri- 
nary tubes,  in  which  they  lie  uncovered,  it  bas 
been  supposed  that  their  olHce  may  be  to  sepa- 
rate the  watery  portions  of  the  blood  to  be  mixed 
with  the  proper  urinous  matter. 

Corpora  IMammillauia,  Mammillary  tuber- 
cles—  c.  Nervio-spongiosa  Penis,  Corpora  caver- 
nosa— c.  Nervosa,  Corpora  cavernosa. 

Corpora  Oliva'ria,  C.ova'tn,Emincn'ticB  Oli- 
va'res  seu  ova'les  latera'les,  Oli'vas,  I'romiucn'tia: 
Semiova'les  BIrdidl'a  Oblontja' tm,  {Eminences  la- 
terales,  Ch.)  Oblong,  whitish  eminences,  situate 
at  the  occipital  surface  of  the  medulla  oblongata, 
exterior  to  the  corpora  pyramidalia. 

Corpora  Ovata,  Corpora  olivaria — c.  Pisifor- 
mia,  Mammillary  tubercles. 

Corpora  Pyramipa'lia,  Eminen'ticp  pyrami- 
dn'les  seu  media'no'  inter'na,  Pyra'mides,  (F.) 
Corjis  ])yraniidaux,  Pyramides  antericures  (Gall), 
Eminences  pyramidales  (Ch.)  Two  medullary 
bundles,  placed  on  either  side  of  the  anterior  fis- 
sure. These  bodies  have  also  been  called  Cor- 
pora Pyramidalia  anti'cn,  to  distinguish  them 
from  the  0.  olivaria,  which  have  been  called 
Corpora  Pyramidalia  latera'lia. 

Over  a  space,  commencing  8  or  10  lines  below 
the  pons  and  extending  to  the  lower  end  of  the 
medulla  oblongata,  .a  portion  of  each  pyramid 
crosses  to  the  opposite  side  —  decussation  of  the 
pyyramids,  Dec.nssa'tio  pyram'idum. 

Corpora  Pyramidalia  Posterioka,  see  Cor- 
pora restiforinia — c.  Pyramidalia  testis,  Coni  vas- 
culosi--c.  Quadrigemina,  Q.  corpora. 

Corpora  Restifor'mia,  Crura  seu  Pedun'cidi 
mednl'lcB  oblonqa'tcB,  Corpora  pyramidalia  pos- 
terio'ra,  Proees'sus  d  cercbell'o  ad  medull'am  ob- 
lon/ja'tam,  Posterior  pyraynids,  Ped' uncles  of  the 
medul'la  oblonga'ta,  Inferior  peduncles  of  the 
cerebellum,  (F.)  Corps  restiformes,  Cuisses  poi- 
terieures,  Pyramides  posterieures,  Racines,  Bras 
ou  Jamhes  du  cervclet,  Petites  branches  dc  la 
moelle  allongee,  Pcdoncules  dn  cervelet.  Two 
medullary  projections,  oblong,  and  of  a  whitish 
appearance,  which  proceed  from  each  side  of  the 
upper  extremity  of  the  medulla  oblongata,  and 
contribute  to  the  formation  of  the  cerebellum. 
The  posterior  pyraynids — fiiscic'nli  (jra"ciles — 
are  described  as  distinct  from  the  restiform  bodies. 
They  are  situate  in  contact  with  each  other,  one 
on  each  side  of  the  posterior  median  fissure.  They 
become  closely  applied  to  the  restiform  bodies, 
and  have  been  considered  to  be  blended  with 
them,  and  to  proceed  to  form  the  cerebellum. 
According  to  some,  they  ascend  to  the  cerebrum. 

Corpora  Stria'ta,  Grand  ganglion  supcrieur 
d\t  cerreau  (Gall),  Couches  des  nerfs  ethmoi'dnur, 
Corps  canncles,  Eminen'tia  Lenticula'res,  Collic'- 
idi  Xervi  Ethmo'ida'lis,  A^'ices  Crurum  medul'la 


CORPS 


24  6 


CORPUS    MUCOSUM 


ohlnnga'ta,  Gan'glton  cer'ebi  ante'riua,  Anterior 
cerebral  (fanr/lion,  (F.)  Corps  stries.  Pyriforin 
eminences  ol"  a  slislitly  brownish-gray  colour, 
which  form  part  of  the  floor  of  the  lateral  ventri- 
cles of  the  briiin.  When  cut,  a  mixture  of  gray 
and  white  substance  is  seen,  arranged  alter- 
nately, to  which  they  owe  their  name.  The  tract 
of  fibres  that  ascends  from  the  anterior  pyramids 
passes  chiefly  into  them.  Willis  considered  that 
the  soul  resided  there. 

CoRPOii.v  Striata  Soperna  Posterioiia,  Tha- 
lami  nervorum  opticorum  —  c.  Triticea,  see  Hy- 
oides   OS — c.  WolfHana.  see  Corpus  Wolifianum. 

CORPS,  Body — c.  Bordes,  Corpora  iimbriata 
— c.  Calleii-r,  Corpus  callosum — c.  Caiinelea,  Cor- 
pora striata  —  c  Cavenieux,  Corpora  cavernosa — 
c.  Ceiidre,  Corpus  dentatum — c.  Ciliaire,  Corpus 
dentatum  —  c.  Dentele,  Corpus  dentatum  —  e. 
EtraiHjer,  Extraneous  body — c.  Festonne,  Corpus 
dentatum. 

CORPS  FIBREUX,  Corpora  Fibro'sa.  Bayle 
has  given  this  name  to  adventitious  fibrous  pro- 
ductions of  a  round  shape,  more  or  less  adherent, 
and  sometimes  having  a  pedicle,  which  form  in 
certain  parts  of  the  body,  particularly  in  the  sub- 
stance of  the  uterus. 

COUPS  FOLLICULAIRE  VAGINALE, 
Cowper's  glands  in  the  female — c.  Franges,  Cor- 
pora fimbriata  —  c.  Geiu'cides,  Corpora  genicu- 
lata  —  c.  Geiiouilles,  Corpora  geniculata  —  c. 
Godrnnne,  Fascia  dentata  —  c.  Hitmain,  see 
Body — c.  Hijahiide,  Corpus  vitreum — c.  d'Hjjg- 
more  ou  d'Hiyhmore,  Corpus  Ilighmori — c.  Jaune, 
Corpus  luteum — c.  Muqnenx,  Corpus  mucosum — 
c.  d'Ohen,  Corpus  WolfBanum — c.  Organises,  Or- 
ganized bodies  —  c.  Pampiniforme,  Corj)us  pam- 
piniforme — c.  Phacoide,  Crystalline — c.  Pyrami- 
daiix,  Corpora  pyramidalia — c.  Rest! formes.  Cor- 
pora restiformia — c.  Rhombuide,  Corpus  dentatum 
— c.  Stries,  Corpora  striata — c.  TJii/roide,  Thyroid 
gland  —  c.  Varici/uriiie,  Epididymis  —  c.  Vari- 
qucux,  Corpus  pampiniforme,  Epididymis  —  c. 
Vitre,  Corpus  vitreum  —  c.  de  Wolff,  Corpus 
Wolffianum. 

CORPSE,  Cadaver. 

CORP'ULENT,  Corpnlen'tus,  Obe'aus,  Crasaiis, 
Fat,  Fleshy,  (Sc. )  Corssy,  (Prov.)  Sobby ;  from 
corpus,  'the  body,'  and  lentas,  'thick.'  Having 
an  unusual  development  of  fat  or  flesh  in  propor- 
tion to  the  frame  of  the  body. 

CORPULEN'TIA,  Cor'pidence,  is  synonymous 
with  Obesity  and  Polysarcia. 

CoRPULENTiA  Cauxosa,  Torositas. 

CORPUS,  Soma,  a  Body.  Any  object  which 
strikes  one  or  more  of  our  senses.  Gases,  liquids, 
metals,  vegetables,  animals,  are  so  many  bodies. 
Natural  bodies  have  been  divided  into  animal, 
vegetable,  and  mineral ;  or  into  inorganic,  includ- 
ing the  mineral  kingdom  ;  and  organised,  includ- 
ing the  animal  and  vegetable.  The  chief  differ- 
ences between  organized  and  inorganic  bodies 
consists  in  the  former  having  an  origin  by  gene- 
ration, growth  by  nutrition,  and  termination  by 
death ;  the  latter  a  fortuitous  origin,  external 
growth,  and  a  termination  by  chemical  or  mecha- 
nicid  force. 

Many  parts  of  the  frame  have,  also,  been  dis- 
tinguished by  this  name,  as  Corpus  Callosum,  C. 
Ilucosum,  &c.     See  Body. 

Corpus  Adeniforme,  Prostate — c.  Adenoides, 
Prostate  —  c.  Adiposnm,  Pingiiedo  —  c.  Alienum, 
Extraneous— e.  Annulare,  Pons  varolii. 

Corpus  CALLO'susr,  Cnmmissn'ra  3fagna  seu 
max'ima  cer'ebri,  Trabs  Medidla'ris  sou  Cer'ebri, 
Trabec' dla  seu  Cop'ula  magna  cer'ebri,  (F.)  Corps 
Calleux,  Voute  medidlaire,  Plafond  des  ventri- 
cnles  da  cen^eau,  Mesolobe  (Ch.)  A  white,  me- 
dullary band,  perceived  on  separating  the  two 
hemispheres  of  the  brain,  which  it  connects  with 


each  other.  La  Peyronie  regarded  it  as  the  sent 
of  the  soul.  On  it  are  seen  longitudinal  and 
transverse  fibres — Stria  longitudina'les  Lancis'ii, 
(see  Raphe,)  and  Stria  seu  Chor'da  transver'sahi 
Willis'ii,  The  anterior  portion,  which  bends 
downwards,  is  termed  genu  ;  the  posterior  flexure, 
sple'ninm,  tuber,  (P.),  bourrelet.  Tiie  fibres  whicji 
curve  backwards  into  the  posterior  lobes  from 
the  posterior  border  of  the  corpus  callosum,  have 
been  termed  Forceps;  those  which  pass  directly 
outwards  into  the  middle  lobes  from  the  same 
point,  Tajjc'tum ;  and  those  which  curve  for- 
wards and  inwards  from  the  anterior  border  to 
the  anterior  lohQ,  forceps  anterior. 

Corpus  Ciliare,  Ciliary  Body,  Corpus  denta- 
tum, see  Ciliary — c.  Cinereum,  Corpus  dentatum 
— c.  Conoides,  Pineal  gland  —  c.  Crystalloides, 
Crystalline. 

Corpus  Drnta'tum,  C.  Denticula'tum  seu  Gili- 
a're,  (F.)  Corps  dentele  ou  festonne.  A  centra], 
oval  nucleus,  of  cincritious  substance,  met  with 
in  the  cerebellum  ;  the  circumference  of  which 
exhibits  a  number  of  indentations,  surrounded  iiy 
medullary  substance. — Vicq  d'Azyr.  It  is  seen 
by  dividing  the  cerebellum  vertically  into  two 
equal  parts.  —  The  same  body  has  been  called 
Cinys  cendre  ou  ciliaire  ou  rhombiiidc,  Corpim 
Cine'feum  seu  Jihomboi'deum  seu  Ithomboida'le, 
Ganglion  du  cervelet.  Noyau  central  des  PSdoii- 
cules  du  cervelet,  A^ucleus  dentatus  seu  fmbria'tiis 
seu  centra'lis  seu  rhomboida'lis,  Substan'tia  rhom- 
bo'idea,  Gan'glion  cilia're,  G.  cerebelli.  The 
term  Corpus  dentatum,  Nu'clcus  oli'vce,  is  also 
given  to  the  ganglion  of  the  corpus  olivare,  which, 
like  that  of  the  cerebellum,  is  a  yellowish-griiy 
dentated  capsule,  open  behind,  and  containini; 
medullary  matter,  from  which  a  fasciculus  of 
fibres  proceeds  upwards  to  the  corpora  quadri- 
gemina  and  thalami  optici. 

Corpus  Denticulatum,  c.  Dentatum  —  e.  Dis- 
coi'des.  Crystalline  —  c.  Externum,  Extraneons 
body  —  c.  Extraneum,  Extraneous  body  —  c.  Gu- 
niculatum,  see  Corpora  Geniculata  —  c.  Glandi- 
forme.  Prostate  —  c.  Glandosum,  Prostate — c. 
Glandulosum,  Prostate. 

Corpus  Glandulo'sum  Mvi^in'RVit,  Gland'ul(B 
Pros'tatcB  midie'rum.  A  vascular  spongy  emi- 
nence, which  surrounds  the  orifice  of  the  urethra, 
and  projects  at  its  under  part. 

Corpus  IIighmo'ri,  C.  Jlighmoria'num,  Medi- 
asti'num  testis,  Ifen'tus  semina'rius,  (F.)  CorjH 
d' Hygmore  ou  d'Highmore,  Sinus  des  Vaisseaiu: 
seminifercs,  (Ch.)  An  oblong  eminence,  along 
the  superior  edge  of  the  testicle,  which  seems 
formed  of  a  reflection  of  the  tunica  albuginea, 
through  which  the  principal  trunks  of  the  semi- 
niferous vessels  pass  before  they  reach  the  epidi- 
dymis. 

Corpus  Incomprehensibile,  Thymus. 

Corpus  Lu'TEusr,  (F.)  Corps  jaune,  'yellow 
body.'  A  small  yellowish  body,  perceived  in  tlie 
ovarium,  and  left  after  the  rupture  of  one  of  the 
vesicles.  It  was,  for  a  long  time,  considered  an 
evidence  of  previous  impregnation  ;  but  Corpora 
lutea  are  met  with  in  unquestionable  virgins; 
although  the  corpora  lutea  of  virgins  have  been 
generally  regarded  to  differ  materially,  in  size 
and  character,  from  those  of  impregnation,  which 
have  been  called  true  corpora  lutea  in  contradis- 
tinction to  the  other,  called /aZse  corpora  lutea. 

Corpus  Muco'sum,  C.  retieula're,  Bete  muco'- 
aum.  Mucus  seu  Bete  seu  Stratum  3/alpig'hii,  Ile- 
tic'ulum,  cuta'neum  seu  muco'sum,  JHesoderm'um, 
Mucous  web,  (F.)  Corps  muqueux,  Couche  de  Mal- 
pighi.  The  second  layer  of  the  skin  has  been  so 
called.  It  is  situate  between  the  cutis  vera  and 
cuticle,  and  gives  colour  to  the  body.  In  the 
white  varieties  of  our  species  it  is  colourless  ;  in 
the  negro,  black.     By  most  anatomists  the  exist- 


CORPUSCLES,    BLOOD 


247 


CORROBORANT 


ptice  of  such  a  layer,  distinct  from  the  epidermis,  1 
i?  denied.  I 

Coiti'us  Okense,  Corpus  AVolffianum.  I 

Corpus    Pampinifor'me,    from    pumptnue,    'a  [ 
tpiidril.'     C.  Vnric.o'sum  seu  pi/ramida'le,  Hede-  i 
ra'ccHH  plexiiH,  I'lcxna  jtampiuiform'is  seu  vancu-  \ 
/'/«»«  J'liiiic'iili    Hpennat'ici  pampiniformia,   (F.) 
Vorpn  prtmpiuiforme,  (J.    Variqaenx.      The  plexus 
or  reliform  arrangement  of  the  spermatic  arteries 
and  veins  in  the  cavity  of  the  abdomen,  anterior 
tu  the  i)soas  muscle. 

CoHPns  Papii.Lare,  Textus  Papilla' r^s,  Corp^ia 
rriicnla're.  The  nervous  and  vascular  papillae 
situate  iiencath  the  epidermis,  called  by  Breschet 
i\V((  roth  el'  »c  npp(t  ratus. 

CoiiPi'S  PiiAcoiDKS,  Cry.'talline — c.  Pituitare, 
Pituitary  gland  —  e.  Psalloides,  Lyra — c.  Pyra- 
iiiidale,  Corpus  pampiniformc — c.  Rctieulare,  Cor- 
pus niucosum,  Corpus  Papillare — c.  Rhomboidale, 
Corpus  dentatum — c.  Rhomboideum,  Corpus  den- 
tatuin — c.  Thyniiamum,  Thymus — c.  Thymicuni, 
Thymus  —  c.  Thyreoideum,  Thj'roid  gland  —  c. 
Turl)inatum,  Pineal  gland — c.  Yaricosuin,  Corpus 
pnmpiniforme,  Spermatic  cord  —  c.  Varicosum 
testis,  Epididymis. 

Coitpus  Si'ON'Gio'suM  Uue'thr^,  Substrtn'tia 
upoiirjio'sa  ure'thra;.  This  substance  arises  before 
the  prostate  gland,  surrounds  the  urethra,  and 
forms  the  bulb.  It  then  proceeds  to  the  end  of 
tlie  corpora  cavernosa,  and  terminates  in  the 
;;lans  penis,  which  it  forms.  Kobelt  describes, 
ill  the  female,  as  the  analogue  to  the  corpus  spon- 
giosum of  the  male,  a  venous  plexus,  which,  as 
it  lies  between  the  glans  clitoridis,  and  the  part 
that  corresponds,  in  the  male,  to  the  bulb  of  the 
urethra,  he  terms  para  interine'dia,  (F.)  Jieseau 
iiiteniiediaire. 

Corpus  STUiATU>r,  see  Corpora  striata — c.  Tri- 
gonum,  see  Urinary  Bladder. 

Corpus  Vit'reum,  Humor  Vifreua  seu  ITi/a- 
lo'i'dcH  seu  hi/dl'iiiitx,  Glacia'li'a  Inimor,  Vitreous 
humor,  Vit'riiia  ociibi'ris,  (F.)  Corps  vilre  ouhi/a- 
lo'ide,  JJiimeur  hi/nliiide.  The  transparent  mass, 
of  a  gelatinous  consistence,  which  fills  the  eye, 
behind  the  crystalline.  It  is  contained  in  cells, 
formed  by  the  tiuiicn  hi/nloiden. 

Corpus  WoLFFiA'Nusr,  C.  Olccn'se,  Wolffian 
hodj),  (F.)  Corps  de  Wolff  on  d'Olcen.  At  a  very 
early  period  of  foetal  formation,  bodies  are  per- 
ceptible, which  were  first  described  by  Wolff,  as 
existing  in  the  fowl,  and  in  the  mammalia  by 
Oken.  According  to  Miiller,  they  disappear  in 
man  very  early,  so  that  but  slight  remains  of 
them  are  perceptible  after  the  9th  or  10th  week 
of  pregnancy.  They  cover  the  region  of  the  kid- 
neys an<l  renal  capsules,  which  are  formed  after- 
wards; and  they  are  presumed  to  be  the  organs 
of  urinary  secretion  during  the  first  periods  of 
foetal  existence. 

CORPUSCLES,  BLOOD.  Globules  of  the  blood 
— c.  Bone,  see  Laeunte  of  Bone — c.  Caudate,  see 
Caudate — c.  Chyle,  sec  Chyle. 

Corpuscles,  Exuda'tion.  The  organizable 
nuclei  contained  in  fibrinous  fluids,  which  are  the 
origin  of  the  new  tissues  formed  from  such  fluids. 

Corpuscles,  Ganglion,  see  Neurine  —  c. 
Olandiform.  Acinus — c.  Lymph,  see  Lymjih  —  c. 
<'f  .'Malpighi,  Corpora  Malpighiana  —  c.  Mucous, 
see  .Mucus  —  c.  Nerve,  see  Neurine  —  c.  Osseous, 
see  LacuuM  of  bone. 

Cori'uscles,  Pacin'ian,  (F.)  Corpuaculea  de 
Pacini,  so  called  from  Filippo  Pacini,  an  Italian 
physician,  who,  it  is  generally  conceived,  first 
noticed  them  in  1830.  They  appear,  however, 
to  have  been  depicted  in  1741  by  Lehmann,  from 
a  preparation  by  A.  Vater,  who  called  them  Pa- 
pillw  and  /'.  nerveee.  Hence,  it  has  been  pro- 
posed by  J.  C.  Strahl  (1S4S)  to  call  them  Vate'rian 
corpiisiUa  or   Corpuaeli.s  of  Yuler  (Vater'sche 


Korperchcn.)  Small  bodies  connected  with 
the  cutaneous  nerves  of  the  palm  and  sole.  They 
have  also  been  found  sparingly  and  inconstantly 
in  nerves  at  the  wrist  and  elbow  ;  in  the  upper 
arm,  fore-arm,  and  thigh,  and  inter-costal  nerve, 
the  sacral  plexus,  solar  plexus  and  the  plexuses 
adjacent  to  it.  In  each  corpuscle  there  is  the  ter- 
mination of  a  nervous  filament.  Their  uses  are 
not  known. 

Corpuscles  of  Pdrkinje,  see  Canaliculus — c. 
Pus,  see  Pus — c.  Pyoid,  see  Pus — c.  S[)lcnie,  see 
Spleen — c.  Starch,  Corpora  amylacea — c.  Tactile, 
Corpuscula  tactfis — c.  Touch,  Corpuscula  tactfis 

—  c.  of  Vater,  C.  Pacinian  —  e.  Weberian,  see 
Ejaculatory  Ducts — c.  White,  see  Globules  of  the 
blood — c.  White  granulated,  see  Globulin. 

CORPUSCULA  ARANTIL  Tubercula  A.,  see 
Sigmoid  valves — c.  Glandularum  similia  intesti- 
norum,  Peyeri  glandulas — c.  Globosa  cervicis 
uteri,  Nabothi  glandulae. 

Corpuscula  LAi-iNNEc'ii.  Fibroid  granula- 
tions, occasionally  observed  on  thickened  portions 
of  the  pericardium. 

Corpuscula  MALPicnir,  Corpora  Malpighiana 

—  c.  Ossium,  see  Lacunae  of  bone — c.  Sanguinis, 
Globules  of  the  blood  —  c.  Seminis,  Spermatozoa 
— c.  Sesamoidea,  see  Sigmoid  valves. 

Corpuscula  Tactus,  Tactile  or  Touch  Corpus- 
cles,  (F.)  Corpnscules  dit  tact,  Axile  bodies,  (G.) 
Axen  Kfirper.  Bodies,  composed  of  a  horizon- 
tally laminated  mass  of  areolar  tissue,  which  are 
found  in  the  papilla?  of  parts  endowed  with  great 
tactile  sensibility.  The  nerves  of  touch  communi- 
cate with  them,  and  their  function  is  probably  to 
render  the  sense  more  acute. 

Corpuscula  Triticea,  see  Hyoides,  ps  —  c. 
Weberiana,  see  Ejaculatory  Ducts. 

CORPUS'CULAR,  Corpuscula' ria.  Relating 
to,  or  containing,  corpuscles,  as  corpuscular  fibrin. 
Fibrin  which  tends  to  disintegration,  and  consists 
of  granules  in  considerable  proportion. 

CORP  use  ULES  CALC AIRES,  Lacunae  of 
bone — c.  Noirs,  Lacunae  of  bone — c.  l)ea  Os,  La- 
cuniB  of  bone — c.  Ramifies,  LncunsB  of  bone. 

CORPUSCULUM  ARANTII,  see  Sigmoid 
valves — c.  Conicum  RoscnniUllcri,  Parovarium — 
c.  Sesamoideum,  see  Sigmoid  valves. 

CORRAGO,  Borago  ofiicinalis. 

CORRE,  Corse,  from  rapu, '  I  shave.'  [?]  The 
temples  or  the  part  of  the  jaws,  which  it  is  usual 
to  shave. — Gorr«;us. 

CORRECTIF,  Corrigent. 

CORRECTION,  Correc'tio,  from  corrigere, 
(con  and  rcgere,  rectum,  'to  rule  or  order,')  to 
correct.'  The  act  of  correcting  medicines ;  that 
is,  of  diminishing  their  energy  or  obviating  un- 
pleasant eft'ects,  by  mixing  them  wiih  substances 
which  mitigate  their  operation. 

CORRECTORIUS,  Corrigens. 

CORRELATION,  see  Svnergy. 

CORRIGEEN  MOSS,  Fucus  crispus. 

COR'RIGENT,  Cor'ri'jens,  Correcto'rius,  Caa- 
ti'yans,  Li/rin'tjens,  Emen'daus :  same  etymon. 
(F.)  Correct!/.  That  which  corrects.  A  corri- 
gent, in  a  pharmaceutical  formula,  is  a  substance 
added  to  a  medicin-e  to  mollify  or  modify  its  ac- 
tion. In  the  following  formula,  the  aloe?,  if  not 
corrected,  might  induce  tormina.  The  Oleum 
iJenthcB  is  added  as  a  corrigent. 

R     Aloea  5j 

Olei  MenthcB  gtt.  v 

Si/rup  q.  s.  ut  fiant  Pihilm  xvj 

CORRIG"IA.  Akin  to  corium,  'leather.' 
Leathern  straps.  By  extension,  the  term  has 
been  applied  to  the  tendons  and  ligaments. 

CORROB'ORANT,  Corrob'oralive,  Corroh'- 
orans,  Corroborati'rua,  Rob'ora)is,  Jfnscula'ris, 
Restau'raiia,  Jiesfor'atire,  Bracing,  from  corrobo- 
rare,  {con,  and  robur,  '  strength,')  '  to  strengthen.' 


CORROBORANTIA 


248 


C0KY15ANTIASM 


(F.)    Corroborant,  Corrohoratif,  Fortifiant.     Any  | 
substance   which    strengthens    and    gives    tone. 
Wine,  for  example,  is  a  corroborant.     See  Tonic. 
CORROBORANTIA,  Tonics. 
CUItllOnORA TIF,  Corroborant. 
CORI'.ORORATIVE,  Corroborant. 
CORROnANT,  Corrosive. 
CORROBKNS,  Corrosive. 
CORROSIF,  Corrosive. 

CORRO'SION,  Corru'sio,  Dialro'sis,  Analro'- 
sis,  Erv'sif),  from  con,  and  rodere,  rustiiii,  '  to 
gnaw.'  The  action  or  effect  of  corrosive  sub- 
fctances. 

CORRO'SIVE,  Corro'dens,  Dinhrot'icm,  Cor- 
rosi'viis,  same  etymon.  (F.)  Currosif,  Corrodant. 
Corrosives  are  substances,  which,  when  placed  in 
contact  with  living  parts,  gradually  disorganize 
them.  Caustic  alkalies,  ilineral  acids,  Corronive 
sublimate,  are  corrosives.  They  act  either  di- 
rectlij,  by  chemically  destroying  the  part,  —  or 
iiidiiectli/,  by  causing  inflammation  and  gangrene. 
CoHRosiVE  Poison,  see  Poison. 
CORRUGATIO,  Corrugation  —  c.  Cutis, 
Wrinkle. 

CORRUGA'TION,  Corrtiga'tio,  Siina'remo, 
from  con,  and  riic/a,  'a  wrinkle.'  Wrinkling, 
Frowning,  (F.)  Froncemcnt ;  the  contraction  of 
the  Comir/ato'rcs  Supercil'ii  muscles.  Corruga- 
tion of  the  skin  is  often  owing  to  the  application 
of  styptic  medicines  :  it  is  rendered  by  them  un- 
equal and  rugous. 

CORKUGATOR  COITERII,  Corrugator  su- 
percilii. 

Coruuga'tou  Supercil'ii,  from  corrugare,  'to 
wrinkle ;'  same  etymon.  JIus'ciiMts  stipercil'it 
senfroiita'lis  verns  seu  CorrtKja' tor  Coite'rii,  Su- 
percilia'ris,  (F.)  GutanSo-sourcilicr,  3fuscle  Sour- 
cilier  ou  Surcilier,  II.  Fronto-Soiircilier.  A 
muscle  situate  in  the  eyebrows.  It  is  attached, 
by  its  inner  extremity,  to  the  superciliary  ridge, 
and  is  confounded,  externally,  with  the  oceipito- 
frontalis  and  orbicularis  palpebrarum.  It  carries 
the  eyebrow  inwards,  and  wrinkles  the  skin  of 
the  forehead. 

CORRUP'TION,  Corru2)'tio,  Phthora,  Diaph'- 
thoru,  from  corrtimpere,  corrii2)tnm,  {con,  and 
runipere,  '  to  break,)  '  to  destroy.'  Act  of  cor- 
rupting. State  of  being  corrupted.  Reaction  of 
the  particles  of  a  body  upon  each  other.  It  is 
probable  that  something  like  corruption  may  take 
place  even  in  the  living  body.  The  word  is  used, 
at  times,  like  JJoue  with  the  French,  in  a  vague 
manner  for  a  state  of  puriform,  putrid,  or  other 
breaking  down  of  parts  or  humours.  '  To  spit 
corrupt  inn,'  is  a  vulgar  expression. 
CORSE,  Cadaver,  Corre. 

CORSET,  from  Corse,  (F.)  corps,  'the  body.' 
Stetliodesiii'ium,  Stethodesm'is,  Stelhodesm'us,  Tu'- 
iiica  Tkora'cis,  Thorax,  Pectora'le.  An  article 
of  dress,  which  closely  embraces  the  trunk,  and 
is  much  used  by  females  in  civilized  countries. 
AVheu  corsets  or  stays  are  worn  very  tight,  many 
serious  evils  result  from  the  unnatural  compression. 
Different  bandages,  more  or  less  complicated, 
which  embrace  the  greater  part  of  the  trunk,  are 
likewise  so  called. 

An  orthopedic  corset  is  one  intended  to  obviate 
deviation  of  the  stature. 

CORSET  BE  BRASDOR.     The   name  of  a 
bandage  invented  by  one  Brasdor,  to  keep  ineita 
the  fragments  of  a  fractured  clavicle. 
CORSSY,  Corpulent. 
CORTALON,  Senecio. 

CORTEX,  Phloios,  Phloos,  Phlous,  Lemma, 
Bark,  (F.)  Ecorce.  This  word  has  often  been 
applied  exclusively  to  Cinchona :  thus,  we  say 
Bark — the  cortex  or  bark,  kot'  t^o^rjv.  It  means, 
also,  any  bark. 

Cortex  Adstring"ens  Brasilien'sis.   An  as- 


tringent bark  introduced  from  Brazil  into  Ger- 
many in  the  year  1828.  It  is  said  to  be  obtained 
from  jSlimo'sa  cochlcacarp' a  seu  virt/iiia'lis.  It 
has  been  used  with  advantage  in  all  cases  in 
which  astringent  barks  in  general  are  indicated. 
Dose  of  the  powder  Qj  to  ^ss. 

Cortex  Alvomoco,  Alcoinoqiie  —  c.  Anisi  stel- 
lati,  sec  Illicium  auisatum  —  c.  Antiscorbuticus, 
Canella  alba  —  c.  Aromaticus,  Canellu  alba  —  e. 
Aurantii,  see  Citrus  aurantium  —  e.  Canellie  Wii- 
labaricie,  Laurus  cassia — c.  Cardinalis  del  Lugo, 
Cinchona — c.  Caryopliyllatus,  see  Jlyrtus  ciiiyo- 
phyllata — c.  Caryophylloides,  Laurus  culilawan. 

Cortex  Cer'ebhi.  The  Cor'iical,  Cinerii"imis, 
Vesic'iilar  or  Gro;/  substance  of  the  Brain.  The 
gray  portion  observed  at  the  exterior  of  the  cere- 
brum and  cerebellum  ;  so  called  because  it  forms 
a  kind  of  bark  to  the  medullary  substance.  Gall 
considers,  that  this  substance  forms  the  nerves; 
and  therefore  calls  it  Substance  mtitricc  des  Serfs. 

The  name  cortical  is  likewise  given  to  tiic  ex- 
ternal substance  of  the  kidneys,  because  it  is  of 
a  deeper  colour  than  the  inner  jiart  of  the  organ, 
and  forms  a  kind  of  envelope  to  it. 

Cortex  Ciiacarill^,  Croton  Cascarilla — 
c.  Chinae,  Cinchona  —  c.  China;  flavus,  Cintlionaj 
cordifolia;  cortex — c.  Chiuaj  luteus,  Cinchona;  eor- 
difuliie  cortex — c.  Chinx  rcgius,  Cinchona;  cordi- 
foliie  cortex — c.  Crassior,  Laurus  cassia — c.  Culi- 
laban,  see  Laurus  Culilawan  —  c.  Culilawan, 
Laurus  Culilawan  —  c.  Eleutheria;,  Croton  casca- 
rilla— c.  Flavus,  Cinchona;  cordifulia;  corte.x — c. 
Lavola,  see  Illicium  anisatum — c.  Magellauicus, 
see  Wintera  aromatica. 

Cortex  Ovi,  Cor'lical  membrane.  This  mem- 
brane, so  called  by  Boer  and  Granville,  is  usually 
regarded  as  a  uterine  production,  and  designated 
Decid'nd  rcjlcx'a.  They  consider  it  to  surround 
the  ovule,  when  it  descends  into  the  uterus,  and 
to  enclose  the  shaggy  chorion.  It  is  absorbed 
during  the  first  months  of  utero-gestation,  so  as 
to  expose  the  next  membrane  to  the  contact  of 
the  decidua,  with  which  a  connexion  takes  place 
at  the  part  where  the  placenta  is  to  be  formed. 
In  that  part,  Boer  and  Granville  consider,  that 
the  Cortex  Ovi  is  never  altogether  obliterated, 
but  only  made  thinner,  and  in  process  of  time  is 
converted  into  a  mere  pellicle  or  envelope,  which 
not  only  serves  to  divide  the  liliform  vessels  of 
the  chorion  into  groups  or  cotyledons,  in  order 
to  form  the  placenta,  but  also  covers  those  coty-- 
ledons.  This,  Dr.  Granville  calls  mentbru'iiaprv'- 
pria.     See  Decidua  membrana. 

Cortex  Pallidus,  Cinchona;  lancifoliae  cortex 
— e.  Patrum,  Cinchona — c.  Peruvianus,  Cinchona 
—  c.  Profluvii,  Nerium  antidysentericum  —  c. 
Ruber,  Cinchonae  oblongifolia;  cortex — c.  Striata 
dentium,  Enamel  of  the  teeth — e.  Tiiuris,  Croton 
cascarilla  —  c.  Winteranus,  see  AVintera  aromati- 
cum — c.  Winteranus  spurius,  Canella  alba. 

COR'TICAL,  Corticu'lisj  from  cortex,  'bark.' 
Belonging  to  bark. 

Cortical  Matter  of  the  Brain,  Cortex  Cere- 
bri— c.  Membrane,  Cortex  Ovi^c.  Substance  of 
the  Kidney,  see  Kidney  —  c.  Substance  of  the 
Teeth,  see  Tooth. 

CORTUSA  AMERICANA,  Ileuchera  cortusa. 

CORU.  An  Indian  tree,  the  bark  of  whose 
root  furnishes  a  milky  juice,  which  is  employed 
in  diarrhoea  and  dysentery.  It  is  also  called 
Corn  Canar'ica. 

CORUSCATIO,  Astrapo. 

CORVISARTIA  HELENIUM,  Inula  hele- 
nium. 

CORYBAN'TIASM.  Conjbiantias'mna,  Cory- 
bantis'mus,  from  liopvfiai,  one  of  the  Corybantcs. 
A  name  formerly  given  to  a  kind  of  frenzy,  in 
which  the  sick  were  tormented  by  fantastic  vi- 
sions, and  perpetual  want  of  sleep. 


COllYDALIS    15ULB0SA 


249 


COSTO-XIPIIOID 


COllYDALIS  BULBOSA,  Fumaria  bulbosa— 

C.   Canadensis,  Dicuntra   Canadensis  —  c.    Cava, 

Fumaria  Ijulbosa — c.  Tuherosa,  Fumaria  bulbosa. 

COR'YLUS,  (from  xopvf,  'a  helmet,'  from  the 

involucre,)  Corylus  avellana. 

CoKVLliS  Avella'.na,  Cur'i/lm,  Bundurh, 
AoM'i'nd,  Curi/d'ion,  The  Haxel-uut  Tree,  (F.) 
Coiiilricr,  Ndineticr  ;  Ord.  Amentaceae  ;  Sex.  Sijst. 
Mon(C(.ia  I'ulyandria.  The  nut,  —  Filbert,  (F.) 
A  eel  i  lie  ;  Jlmef-iiul,  (F.)  Xoitetlc,  —  of  this  tree, 
is  much  eaten  iu  many  countries.  Like  all  nuts, 
it  is  by  no  means  easy  of  digestion.  It  is  the 
2fiix  (irellii'na,  Kapvov  lliavTiKov,  of  the  ancients. 

Cok'ylus  Uostka'ta,  /leaked  Ilitzel.  An  in- 
digenous shrub,  Nat.  Ord.  Aiuentacciu ;  Sub-or- 
der, Cupuliferie  :  Se.c.  Sijtt.  Moncecia  Polyandria; 
the  nut  of  which  is  surrounded  by  a  coriaceous 
and  scaly  involucre,  terminating  in  a  tube  co- 
vered with  short  and  thick  bristles.  These  bristles 
have  been  given  as  an  antlielmintic  in  the  same 
cases  and  doses  as  mucuna. 

COllYMBKTRA,  lledera  hcli.x. 
CORYNE,  Penis. 

CORYl'lIE,  Acme,  Vertex  —  c.  Cordis,  see 
Muero. 

CORY'ZA,  Grare'do,  liJiini'tis,  Cataifay'mos, 
Ci(taiil((l((</'iiios,  Stillicid'iiim  Na'riitm,  Phle(/ma- 
ti)rrh(i;/"ia,tileiinorrh(e'a  n ana' / is, lileii nor rli in' in, 
DeH'tillntio,  Catar'riius  ud  Niires  seu  nana' lis, 
liliinueiitur'rhiis,  Aniji'nu  nana' lis:  vulgarly, '  run- 
niiKj  at  the  nose,'  ^  cold  in  the  head;'  (Prov.) 
tjiiiirle,  in  French,  lihume  de  cerveaii,  Catarrhe 
nasal,  Enehifrenemeiit  ;  in  old  English,  Pose  or 
Mitr ;  whence  Mnrreii  and  Murrain  ;  from  (copus, 
or  Kapa,  'the  head,'  and  (,ao,  '  I  boil.'  Inflamma- 
tion, attended  with  increased  discharge,  of  the 
Schneiderian  membrane  lining  the  nose,  and  the 
sinuses  communicating  with  it.  The  aff'ection 
generally  subsides  without  any  medical  treatment. 
Chronic  corijza  is  termed,  also,  OxcB'na  be- 
lt ij' no. 

CoitvzA  Entovica,  OzDsna — e.  Maligna,  Ozoena 
— c.  0/.:cnosa,  Ozajna — c.  Purulenta,  OziBna — c. 
Scarlatinosa,  Rhinocace — c.  Ulcerosa,  Ozacua — c. 
Virulenta,  O/.icna. 

COSCINISMUS,  Cribration. 
COSCINOI,  see  Cribration. 
COS.MKSrS.  Cosmetics. 

CO.'^MET'ICS,  Ars  eosmet'ica,  Callipis'trta, 
CoHine'sis,  (F.)  Cosnietique,  from  Koafitut,  'I 
adorn,'  'I  embellish.'  The  art  of  improving 
the  beauty.  Qtsmetic,  Stilbo'ma,  is,  also,  used 
for  the  different  means  employed  for  that  pur- 
pose; as  tiie  compounds,  into  which  enter  the 
oxides  of  lead,  bismuth,  mercury,  arsenic,  &c. 
All  these,  however,  injure  the  skin,  and  often 
give  rise  to  unpleasant  cutaneous  affections.  Fre- 
quent ablution  with  cold  water,  and  bathing  are 
tlie  best  cosmetics.  Essences,  soaps,  and  all  the 
preparations  intended  for  the  toilet,  fall,  also, 
under  tliis  head. 

CO  SUE  riQ  UE,  Cosmetics. 
COS.METOL'OGY,  Cosmelotog'ia,  from  Koa/xeiv, 
'to  adorn,'  and  Aoyos,  'a  discourse.'     A  treatise 
on  the  dress,  and  cleanliness  of  the  body. 

COS.MO.S,  from  Koajxos,  'the  world,'  'order,'  &c. 
Tiie  order  wiiich  was  supposed  to  preside  over 
critical  dnys.  Hippocrates  and  others  have  termed 
KocTfioi,  'bracelets,'  emi)loyed,  not  only  as  orna- 
ments (lioaficiv,  'to  adorn,')  but  as  therapeutical 
agents. 
"COS.^A,  Haunch. 

COSSU.M.  A  malignant  ulcer  of  the  nose, 
often  of  a  syphilitic  character. — P.aracelsus. 

COSSUS,  Cossis.  A  sort  of  white,  short,  thick 
worm  or  larve,  found  in  trees,  logs  of  wood,  <S;c., 
and  used  by  the  Romans  as  a  great  article  of 
goiirmandise.  They  were,  also,  applied  to  ulcers. — 
Pliny.     The  term  has,  likewise,  been  given  to 


small  vermiform  pimples  on  the  face  —  acne  — 
which  arise  from  inflammation  of  the  sebaceous 
follicles. 

COSTA,  Pleura,  Pleurum,  Plenro'ma.  A  Rib, 
from  cHstodire,  'to  guard,'  'defend:'  (F.)  Cote 
old  French,  Coste.  The  ribs  are  24  in  number; — 
12  on  each  side.  They  are  irregular,  long,  bony 
curves:  slightly  flattened,  and  situate  obli([uely 
at  the  sides  of  the  chest.  The  intervals  between 
them  are  called  Jntercos'tal  spaces,  (F.)  Espacea 
intercostanx,  and  they  are  numbered  _^)«<,  second, 
third,  Ac,  reckoning  from  above  to  below.  They 
have  been  distinguished  into  Costce  verm,  Pleu- 
rapoph'yses  of  Owen,  True  ribs,  (F.)  Vrnies  Cotes, 
Cotes  sternalea.  Cotes  vertebro-sternales  (Ch.),  and 
into  Costce  spn'riw,  3!endii'sce  seu  Nothas  Costal, 
False  ribs,  Cotes  asternales  (Ch.),  Faiisses  Cotes. 
The  trne  or  sternal  ribs,  as  they  have  also  been 
called,  are  the  first  7;  which  are  articulated  at 
one  extremity  to  the  spine,  and  at  the  otlicr,  by 
means  of  their  cartilages,  hamapoph'yses  of  Owen, 
to  the  sternum.  The  false  or  short  ribs  are  the 
remaining  5  :  the  uppermost  three  being  united, 
by  means  of  their  cartilages,  to  the  cartilage  of  the 
last  true  rib.  The  others  are  free  at  their  exter- 
nal extremity,  and,  hence,  have  been  called  Float- 
ing ribs,  Co8t(B  Jluctuan'tes,  (F.)  Cotes  Jlottantes. 
The  vertebral  extremity  of  each  rib  is  slightly 
expanded.  It  is  called  the  head  of  the  rib — Ca- 
pit'ulnm  Costce:  the  space  between  this  and  the 
tnbercle  is  the  collxim  or  nech.  Anterior  to  the 
tubercle  is  the  angle — An'rjulus  seu  Cu'bitns  Costm. 
The  angle  is  the  part  where  the  bone  bends  to 
form  the  lateral  part  of  the  thorax. 

COSTyE  CA-PITULUM,  see  Costa— c.  Fluctu- 
antes,  see  Costa — c.  Mendosae,  see  Costa — c.  Spu- 
ria;, see  Costa — c  Venc,  see  Costa. 

COSTAL,  Cdsta'lis,  from  casta,  'a  rib.'    Apper- 
taining or  relating  to  a  rib — as  'costcU  cartilage.' 
COSTE,  Costa. 
COSTIVE,  Constipated. 
COSTIVENESS,  Constipation. 
COSTMARY,  Tanacetum  balsamita. 
COSTO,  from  casta,  'a  rib.'     In  composition, 
relating  or  appertaining  to  a  rib. 

COSTO -ABnOMINAL,  Obliquus  externus 
abdominis — c.  Basi-seapnlaire,  Serratus  magnua 
— c.  Clavicnlaire,  Subclavian  muscle. 

COSTO-CLAVIC'ULAll,  Costo-Clavictda'ris. 
Belonging  to  the  ribs  and  clavicle. 

Costo-Clavic'ulah  Lig'ament,  Cleidocostal 
Ligament,  is  a  fibrous,  flattened  fascia,  which  ex- 
tends, obliquely,  from  the  cartilage  of  the  first  rib 
to  the  inferior  surface  of  the  clavicle. 

COSTO-CORACOIDIEN,  Pectoralis  minor 
— c.  Scapnlaire,  Serratus  magnus. 

COSTO-STERNAL,  Costo-Stema'lis.  Relating 
to  the  ribs  and  sternum.  The  articulation  of  the 
sternum  with  the  anterior  extremity  of  the  first 
seven  ribs. 

COSTO-TRACHELIA'NUS.  Relating  to  the 
ribs  and  to  the  trachclian  or  transverse  processes 
of  the  neck.  Under  tlie  name  Casto-trache'liau, 
Chaussier  designates  the  anterior  and  2}osterior 
scalcni. 

COSTO-TRANSVERSA'RIUS.  Relating  to 
the  ribs,  and  to  the  transverse  processes. — Bichat 
"■ave  this  name  to  the  articulation  of  the  tubero- 
sities of  the  ribs  with  the  transverse  processes  of 
the  spine. 

C  0  S  T  0  -V  E  R'T  E  B  R  A  L,  Costo-rcrtebra'lis. 
Belonging  to  the  ribs  and  vertebra?. — Bichat  gave 
this  name  to  the  articulation  of  the  head  of  the 
ribs  with  the  vertebrae,  and  to  the  ligaments  con- 
nected with  it. 

COSTO-XIPHOTD,  Costo-xiphoVdcus.  The 
name  of  a  ligament,  which  unites  the  cartilage  of 
the  seventh  rib  to  the  xiphoid  or  ensiform  carti- 
lage. 


COSTUS 


2o0 


COUM 


COSTUS.  From  the  Arabic.  The  ancients 
seem  to  have  given  this  name  to  several  plants. 
One  has  borne  the  appellation,  since  the  time  of 
Uioscorides,  —  the  Coxtiis  Amb'icus  sou  In'dicKs 
seu  xpecio'mis  seu  nma'rus,  diilcin.  nrienta'lis,A)no' - 
mum  hirsu'tinn,  Helh'niii  (frandiflo'ra,  Bank'sia 
specio'm,  Taia'iiu,  (F.)  C((ii)ie  Congo,  Oanne  de 
Jiiviere:  Fnmilt),  Ainomeaj ;  Sex.  Syst.  Monan- 
dria  Monogynia;  the  root  of  which  is  aromatic, 
and  has  been  considered  tonic,  carminative,  diu- 
retic, emmenai^ogue,  Ac.  Tiie  virtues  of  the  an- 
cient costus  are  highly  extolled. — Theophrastus, 
Dioscorides,  Pliny,  Galen. 

Costus  Amarus,  &c.,  Costus — c.  Arahicus,  Cos- 
tus—  e.  Corticosus.  Canella  alba  —  c.  Hortorum, 
Tanaeetum  balsamita — c.  Hortorum  minor,  Achil- 
lea ageratum — e.  Indicus,  Costus — c  den  Jardins, 
Balsamita  suaveolens  —  c.  Kigra,  Cynara  scoly- 
mus — c.  Speciosus,  Costus. 
COSTYLE,  Cotyle. 
COTA.  Antliomis  cotula. 

COTARO'NIUM:    an   obscure  term,  used  by 
Paracelsus  for  a  universal  solvent :  such  a  thing 
as  does  not  exist. 
CO  TE,  Costa. 

CO  TES,  COL  DES,  Collum  costarum— c.  As- 
ternales,  see  Costa — c.  Fanmes,  see  Costa — c.  Flot- 
tantes,  see  Costa — c.  Sternales,  see  Costa — c.  Ver- 
t^broHternalen,  see  Costa — c.   Vraies,  see  Costa. 

COTIGNAC.  (pron.  cotinniae.)  A  kind  of  con- 
serve or  preserve,  prepared  from  quinces  not  en- 
tirely ripe,  and  sugar.  It  is  esteemed  stomachic 
and  astringent. 

COTON,  Gossypium  —  c.  Azotique,  see  Collo- 
dion—  c.  Fulminant,  see  Collodion  —  c.  Poudre, 
see  Collodion. 

COTONIA,  Pyrus  eydonia. 
COTTON,  Gossypium. 

COTULA,  Anthemis  cotula  —  c.  Foetida,  An- 
themis  cotula. 

Cot'ula  Mui.tif'ida.  A  South  African  plant, 
which  is  used  by  the  Hottentots  in  rheumatism, 
sciilds  and  cutaneous  diseases. 

COTUN'NIUS,  LIQUOR  OF,  Lui'nor  Cotun'- 
nil,  L.  of  Cotn(j'no,  A<iHuia  acnx'tica.  Aqua  audi- 
to'Ha,  Per'ilytnph,  (F.)  Li/rnphe  de  Cotuyno.  A 
transparent,  slightly  viscid  fluid,  which  fills  all 
the  cavities  of  the  internal  ear,  and  of  v/hich  Co- 
tugno  made  mention.  It  is  also  called  Aqua  La- 
byrinth' >'. 

COTURNIX,  Tetrao  coturnix. 
COT'YLE,  Cot'yln,  Cotyle'don,  Cos'tyle ;  the 
same  as  Acetab'utam.  A  hollow  cavity  in  a  bone, 
which  receives  the  head  of  another  bone  :  parti- 
cularly 'the  cotyloid  cavity.'  KorvXri  signified  a 
drinking  cup,  and,  indeed,  any  thing  hollow,  as 
the  hollow  of  the  hand. — Athenaeus. 

COTYLEDON,  Cotyle  — c.  Marina,  Umbilicus 
marinus. 

Cotyle'don  Orbicula'ta.  A  plant  of  South 
Africa,  JVak  Ord.  Crassulaceae.  The  fresh  juice 
is  used  in  epilepsy ;  and  Dr.  Pappe  speaks  well 
of  it.  The  leaves  form  a  good  application  to  hard 
corns.  Crass'ula  arbores'cens  has  the  same  pro- 
perties. 

Cotyle'don  Umbili'cus,  C.  U.Ven'en'a,  Navel- 
wort,  Venus's  Navelwort,  (F.)  jVombril  de  Venus. 
A  plant  which  grows  in  Europe  on  old  walls  and 
rocks.  The  leaves  are  emollient,  and  applied 
externally  to  piles,  inflamed  parts,  <fec.  Inter- 
nally, the  juice  has  been  given  in  epilepsy.  The 
flowers  have  been  used  in  calculous  cases,  and  in 
dropsy. 

Cotyle'dons,  (KoTv\t)Siiiv,  'the  hollow  of  a  cup,') 
Acetab'ula  uteri'na.  The  lobes  which,  by  their 
union,  form  the  placenta. 

COT'YLOID,  CotyloVdes,  Cofyhn'deus,  Cotylo'- 
des,   from   Ko-vXr/,    'a  drinking   cup,'  and  tiios, 


'form.'  Resembling  the  ancient  KorvXtj.  The 
name  of  a  hemispherical  cavity,  situate  in  the  os 
innorainatum,  which  receives  the  head  of  the  os 
femoris  ; — Fossa  cotyloidea,  Sinus  Coxm,  Acctab'- 
nlnm  J'yxis. 

Cot'yloid  Lig'ament,  Ligamcn'lum  Colyloi. 
deum,  (F.)  Ligament  cotylo'idien,  is  a  very  tliiok, 
fibro-cartilaginous  ring,  surrounding  the  cotyloid 
cavity,  the  depth  of  which  it  increases. 

COTZ,  Hagenia  Abyssinica. 

COU,  Collum  —  c.  du  Pied,  Instep  —  c.  Gros, 
Bronchocele. 

COUCH  GRASS,  Triticum  repens. 

COUCHE,  Couches,  (F.),  from  coucher,  'to  lie 
down.'  This  word  is  used,  1.  For  parturiiiaii, 
accouchement  or  delivery  (puerpe'riinii,  prirlnri". 
tio  ;)  hence,  une  couehe  hcureuse,  '  a  happy  deli- 
very ;'  line  fausse  couch e,  'a  pren)aturc  deHvery;' 
and,  2.  For  the  time  during  which  a  female  re- 
mains in  bed  on  account  of  delivery, —  Tempns 
puerjie'rii,  the  child-bed  state.  The  Lochia  have 
been  termed  Suites  de  couches. 

Couehe  also  means  a  layer,  bed  or  thalamus,  as, 

COUCHE  CELLULEUSE,  Mcmbrana  granu- 
losa— c.  de  M((lplghi,  Corpus  mucosum. 

COUCHER,  Decubitus. 

COUCHES  DES  NERFS  ETHMOIDAUX, 
Corpora  striata  —  c.  des  Nerfs  oculaires,  Thalami 
nervorum  opticorum — c.  des  Nerfs  optiqnes,  Tha. 
lami  nervorum  o])ticorum — c.  Optiques,  Thalami 
nervorum  opticorum. 

COUCHING,  see  Cataract. 

COUCINEA  COCCINEA,  Cacoucia  coccinea. 

COUDE,  Elbow. 

COUDE-PIED,  Instep. 

COUDE E,  Cubitus. 

COUDRIER,  Corylus  avellana. 

COUENNE  (F.),  Cutis  suil'la.  A  term  given 
to  various  parts  of  the  human  skin,  which  are 
prominent,  hard,  brownish,  and  often  covered  with 
rough  hairs,  so  as  to  form  patches  not  very  unlike 
the  skin  of  the  hog.  It  is  a  malformation,  oc- 
curring during  intra-uterine  existence,  and  re- 
maining for  life.  See,  also,  Nsevus,  and  Corium 
phlogisticum. 

COUENNE  JNFLAMMATOIRE,  Corium 
phlogisticum  —  c.  Pleurctique,  Corium  phlogisti- 
cum. 

COUF,  Tussis. 

COUGH,  Tussis  — c.  Bronchial,  C.  tubal  — c. 
Root,  Trillium  latifolium. 

CoUGn,  Tubal,  Bron'chial  cough,  Tussis  bron'- 
ehiea,  (F.)  Toux  tubaire  ou  bronchique.  Cough 
is  so  termed,  when  the  suceussion  communicated 
by  it  to  the  parietes  of  the  chest  is  very  energetic, 
and  a  sensation  is  experienced  by  the  ear  as  if  a 
column  of  air  was  traversing  tubes  with  solid 
walls,  with  much  noise,  strength,  and  rapidity. 

Cough,  Winter,  Bronchitis,  (chronic.) 

COUGHING,  Tussis. 

COUL,  Abscess,  Swelling. 

COULER,  To  strain. 

COULEURS  COMPLEMENTAIRES,  Co- 
lours, accidental. 

COULEUVRE,  Coluber  berus. 

COULEUVREE,  Bryonia  alba— c.  de  Virgi- 
nie,  Aristolochia  scrpentaria. 

COULEUVRINE,  Polygonum  bistorta. 
COULISSE  (¥.),  'A  groove,  a  gutter.'  Aniv- 
tomists  designate,  by  this  name,  every  deep  groove 
or  channel  in  a  bone,  in  which  a  tendon  plays;— 
such  as  the  Coulisse  Bicipitale  or  Bicipital  Groove 
of  the  Humerus. 

COULISSE  BICIPITALE,  Bicipital groove- 
c.  Humerale,  Bicipital  groove. 
COULOIR,  Colatorium. 
COUM,  Colchicum  autumnale. 


COUMAROUNA   ODORATA 


251 


COVE,  CLIMATE   OF 


COUMAROUNA  ODORATA,  Dipterix  odo- 
rala. 

COUN'TENANCE,  Vultus,  Voltue,  Visage,  (F.) 
Fi'jnre,  Visiujc  :  from  oim,  'with,'  and  teneo,  'I 
hold.'  The  form  of  the  face.  The  system  of  the 
features. 

COUNTER -EXTEN'SION,  Contra-exten'aio, 
AiHil'dHin,  (F.)  Coiilre-exleiision,  from  cDntra-ex- 
tendcre,  'to  e.\terid  in  a  contrary  direction. '  It 
consists  in  retaining  firmly  and  immovably  the 
iilipor  part  of  a  limb,  whilst  extension  is  practised 
on  tlie  lower,  in  cases  of  fracture  or  lu.xation. 

COUNTER-INDICA'TION,  r7o)i*c«-t;((//ca'?/o, 
Aiili:iiili:i.i-'!i,  Aiitcn(li.r'iH,  Aiitidd.f'is.  An  indi- 
cation contrary  to  another.  (F.)  Coiitre-indiea- 
tioii.  Any  circumstance,  which  acts  as  an  ob- 
stacle to  the  employment  of  such  therapeutical 
means  as  seem  to  be  indicated  by  other  circum- 
stances. 

COUNTER-IRRITANT,  see  Counter-irrita- 
tion—  c.  Granville's,  (Lotion,)  Granville's  Coun- 
ter-irritant. 

COUNTER-IRRITA'TION,  Contra-irritn'tio. 
An  irritation,  excited  in  a  part  of  the  body,  with 
the  view  of  relieving;  one  existing  in  another  part. 
The  remedies  used  for  this  purpose  are  called 
Ctiuntcr-rrritnnU,  and  form  a  most  valuable  class 
of  renioilial  agents.     Sec  Derivation, 

COUNTEK-I'OTSON,  Antidote. 

COIJNTEKSTROKE,  Contrafissura. 

COUNTING,  METHOD  OF,  Method,  numeri- 
cal. 

COUP,  Blow— c.  rjp.  Feu,  Wound,  gunshot. 

COUP  1)E  MAirnK,  Tour  de  Mattre  {¥.). 
A  masterly  stroke  or  performance.  Applied  to  a 
mode  of  introducing  the  sound  or  catheter  into 
tlie  bladder,  which  consists  in  first  passing  it  with 
its  convexity  towards  the  abdomen  of  the  patient, 
iiMil  giving  it  a  half  turn  towards  the  right  groin, 
when  its  extremity  has  reached  the  root  of  the 
penis  under  the  symphysis  pubis.  There  is  no 
advantage  in  this  mode  of  introduction. 

COUP  DE  SANG  (F.),  Illond-strolce.  A  com- 
mon term,  used  by  some  physicians  in  Franco,  to 
designate  the  loss  of  sensation  and  motion,  which 
results  from  hemorrhage  in  the  brain,  or  from 
simple  congestion  in  the  vessels  of  that  organ. 
See  Apoplexy.  Some  authors  have  comprehended, 
iiiidor  the  same  denomination,  difl'erent  hemor- 
rhages, which  occur  in  the  areolar  texture  of  the 
face,  lungs,  skin,  &c. 

COUP  DE  SOLEIL  (F.),  S!ri'a.t!s,  Seiri'ash, 
Sii-idiis  .Ki/i/pti((cn,  Ictiit  soh's  seu  sola'n's,  In- 
Kohi'lin,  Eiiri phdii'tis  insolatio'nis,  Phreni'tis  ca- 
hiilit'ni,  Siro/ce  of  the  miii,  yEf/j/pticm  Stnmtrolce 
or  SuiiHti-iike.  Any  affection  produced  by  the  ac- 
tion of  the  sun  on  some  region  of  the  body; — 
bead,  hands,  arms,  <tc.  A  very  common  effect 
of  exposing  the  naked  head  to  the  sun  is  inflam- 
niation  [?]  of  the  brain  or  its  meninges,  Helien- 
crphidi'tin,  which  Sauvages  calls  Cams  ah  Ltno- 
latid'iie,  MitrbuH  sohtititi'Un.  It  has,  also,  been 
called  heat  npoplc.nj  ;  although  the  morbid  pheno- 
mena observable  after  death  are  generally  not 
confirmatory  of  either  inflammation  or  apoplexy. 

COUP  i)E  VENT.  A  windstrokc.  The  ag- 
gregate of  morbid  phenomena  ascribed  to  expo- 
sure to  a  Idast  of  nir. 

COUPE-liRinE,  Kiotome. 

COUPEIiOSE,  Gutta  rosea. 

COUPUItE,  Cut,  Wound  (incised.) 

COUltALIUM.  Coral. 

CO U PASTE,  Diarrhea. 

COUUAP.  A  distemper,  very  common  in  In- 
dia, in  which  there  is  a  perpetual  itching  of  the 
surface,  and  eruption.  It  is  of  an  herpetic  cha- 
racter, anil  appears  chiefly  on  the  axilla,  groins, 
breast,  and  face. 


COURBARIL,  see  Anime. 

COURDATURE  (F.),  Acer'ba  lassitu'do,  Vio- 
lent lassitude,  Fatit/ue.  An  indisposition,  charac- 
terized by  a  sensation,  as  if  the  limbs  were  bruised; 
general  feeling  of  debility,  extreme  lassitude ; 
and,  sometimes,  slight  fever.  It  appears  imme- 
diately after  severe  exercise,  but  sometimes  not; 
till  the  next  day.     Rest  removes  it. 

COURUURE,  Curvature. 

COURGE,  Cucurbita  pepo. 

C  0  U  R  M  I  or  C  U  R  M  I,  Kovppn,  Kvpfn.  A  fer- 
mented liquor,  made  from  barley.  A  kind  of  ale 
or  beer. — Dioscorides. 

COURO-MOELLL  An  Indian  tree,  the  bark 
of  which  is  said  to  be  anti-venomous. 

COURON'DI,  Couron'dn.  An  evergreen  tree 
of  India,  the  juice  of  which,  mixed  with  warm 
whey,  is  said  to  cure  dysentery. — Ray. 

OOURONNE,  Crown  — c.  CUiare,  Godronne. 
canal — c.  dn  Dent,  Crown  of  a  tooth — c.  dn  Gland. 
Crown  of  the  glans  —  c.  de  Moine,  Leontodon  ta- 
raxacum— c.  de  Saint-Jean,  Artemisia  vulgaris — - 
c.  dn  Trepan,  Crown  of  the  trepan — c.  de  Venus, 
Crown  of  Venus. 

CO  UR  ONNE  RA  YONNA  NTE  ( F. )  A  term 
given  by  Reil  to  the  fan-shaped  terminations  of 
the  eruri  cerebri  in  the  brain. 

C0UR0NNE3IENT  (F.),  Coro'na.  A  vulgar 
expression,  sometimes  used  to  designate  the  cir- 
cular ring,  which  the  os  uteri  forms  around  the 
head  of  the  child  at  a  certain  period  of  accouche- 
ment— the  head  seeming  to  be  surrounded,  as  it 
were,  by  a  crown.  The  head  is  then  said  to  be 
an  conronnement. 

COUPS  DE  VENTRE,  Diarrhoea. 

COURSE,  Running. 

COURSES,  Menses. 

COURT,  Short. 

COURTE  HALEINE,  Dyspnoea. 

COUSIN,  Culex. 

COUSSfNET,  Pad. 

COUSSO,  llagenia  Abyssinica. 

COUTEAU,  Knife  —  c  Ct  Amprdati on, 'Kra^e, 
amputation  —  c.  d  Cataracte,  Knife,  cataract  —  c. 
Courbe,  Knife,  crooked  —  c.  <i  Crochet,  Knife, 
crotchet — c.  Desarticulatcnr,  Knife,  double-edged 
— c.  Droit,  Knife,  amputation — c.  de  Feu,  Cultel- 
laire  —  c.  Jnterossenx,  Knife,  double-edged  —  c. 
Lcnticulaire,  Knife,  lenticular  —  c.  Lithotomc, 
Knife,  lithotomy  —  c.  en  Scrpette,  Knife  en  ser- 
pette — c.  Symphysien,  see  Symphyseotomy — c.  d 
deux  Tranehnns,  Knife,  double-edged. 

COUTOU'BEA  ALBA,  Ex'acnm  spica'tum, 
Pi'crium  spica'tum.  A  plant  of  Guiana,  which 
is  very  bitter,  and  is  considered,  in  the  country, 
to  be  emmenagogue,  anthelmintic,  and  antidys- 
peptic.  , 

COUTURES  PAR  LA  PETITE  VEROLE, 
see  Cicatrix. 

COUTURIER,  Sartorius. 

COUVERCLE.  see  Crucible. 

COUVERCHEF  (F.),  Cucul'lns,  Faseia'tio 
cuculla'ta,Scepaster'ium,Scepas'trnni.  A  bandage, 
applied  to  the  head  for  retaining  certain  dress- 
ings, ifcc,  in  situ.  The  French  surgeons  distin- 
guish two  kinds :  1.  The  Grand  Convreehef  ou 
Servette  en  earre  {Cucul'lns  major),  which  is 
formed  of  a  napkin  or  large  square  compress ; 
and,  2.  The  Petit  Couvrechef  ou  Mouchoir  en  tri- 
angle {Cucul'lns  minor),  formed  of  a  napkin  or 
other  square  compress,  folded  from  one  angle  to 
the  other  diagonally  opposite  to  it. 

COUVRECHEF.  see  Bandage,  Galen's. 

COVE,  CLIMATE  OP.  On  the  nortliern  side 
of  Cork  Harbour,  in  Ireland,  is  the  Island  of 
Cove.  The  town  of  Cove  is  on  the  southern  ac- 
clivity of  a  hill  running  from  east  to  west.  It  is, 
consequently,  sheltered   from   the   north  winds. 


COVOLAM 


252 


CRAMBION 


and  receives  tlie  full  force  of  the  sun.  It  is  one 
of  the  iiiildest  diiuates  in  Great  Britain,  and  cor- 
responds in  its  influence  on  disease  with  the 
south-west  of  England.  It  is  well  adapted  as  a 
winter  retreat  for  the  phthisical. 

COVOLAM,  Cratce'va  Marmelos.  The  bark  of 
this  tree  is  tonic;  the  unripe  fruit  is  astringent; 
but,  when  ripe,  is  delicious. 

COWCANE,  Cicuta  aquatiea — c.  Spotted,  Ci- 
cuta  inaeulata. 

COWBERRY,  Vaccinium  vitis  idasa. 
COWCUMBER,  Cucumis  sativus. 
COWDEL,  Caudle. 
COWHAGE,  Dolichos  pruriens. 
COWITCH.  Dolichos  pruriens. 
COWLADY,  Cooeinella  septempunctata. 
COWMUMBLE,  Ileracleum  spondylium. 
COWPARSNEP,  Heracleum  lanatum,  H.  spon- 
djlium. 

COWPER'S  GLANDS,  Ac'cessorij  glands,  (F.) 
Glandes  accensoires  oil  de  Cowpcr,  Prostates  iii/e- 
rieures  ou  Petites  prostates.  Called  after  their 
discoverer.  Two  small  ovoid  groups  of  mucous, 
reddish  follicles,  situate  behind  the  bulb  of  the 
urethra,  before  the  prostate,  the  excretory  ducts 
of  which  open  into  the  bulbous  portion  of  the 
urethra.  They  are  also  called  Glan'dula  ante- 
pros'tatcs,  and  G.  jyros'tata  iiifcrio'res.  The 
terms  aiiterior  prostate,  and  atiteprostatjc  gland, 
are  generally,  however,  given  to  a  third  glandu- 
lar body,  occasionally  found  in  front  of,  and 
between,  Cowper's  glands. 

Cowper's  Glands  in  the  Female,  Gland'nlm 
Cowperi,  Glands  of  Duvemey  or  of  Bartholin, 
Pros' tatn  mnlie'hris  sen  Bartholi'ni,  Glandca  de 
Cowper  ou  de  Iliry,  G.  vnlvaire  conglomeree  OU 
vidco-vaglnide.  Corps  follietdaire  vaginal,  are 
situate  at  each  side  of  the  entrance  of  the  vagina, 
beneath  the  skin  covering  the  posterior  or  infe- 
rior part  of  the  labia.  They  are  rounded,  but 
elongated,  flat,  and  bean-shaped  ;  their  long  dia- 
meter varying  from  five  to  ten  lines ;  their  trans- 
verse, from  two  and  a  half  to  four  and  a  quarter: 
and  their  thickness  from  two  and  a  quarter  to 
three  lines.  Like  Cowper's  glands  in  the  male, 
they  are  not  invariably  present.  The  secretion 
from  them  is  a  thick,  tenacious,  grayish-white 
fluid,  which  is  emitted  in  great  quantity  during 
sexual  intercourse;  and  is  probably  the  fluid 
supposed,  of  old,  to  be  the  female  sperm. 

COWPOX,  Vaccina  —  c.  Inoculation,  Vaccina- 
tion—  c.  Itch,  see  Itch,  cowpox  —  c.  Vesicle,  see 
Vaccination. 

COWRAP,  Impetigo. 

COWSLIP,  Caltha  palustris.  Primula  veris — c. 
Jerusalem,  Pulnionaria. 

COWSTRIPLINGS,  Primula  veris. 

COWSTROPPLE,  Primula  veris. 

COWTHWORT,  Matricaria. 

COWTREE,  CEYLON,  Gymneura  laotiferum. 

CowTREE,  OP  South  America,  Galactodendron 
Utile. 

COWWEED,  Chserophyllum  sylvestre. 

COXA,  Haunch. 

COX.ELUVIUxM,  Bath,  hip. 

COXAGRA,  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitffia. 

COXAL'GIA,  3ferocoxal'f/ia,  Osjiht/al'gia,  Os- 
pliyalge'ma.  A  word  of  hybrid  origin,  from  coxa, 
'hip,'  and  a^yosj  'pain.'  Pain  in  the  hip.  A  sign 
of  rheumatic  or  other  inflammation — Coxi'tis,  or 
of  some  disease  about  the  hip-joint.  See  Neu- 
ralgia femoro-poplittea,  and  Coxarum  morbus. 

COXARTHRITIS,  Coxitis. 

COXARTHROCACE,  Coxarum  morbus. 

COXA'RUM  MORBUS,  Coxen' dicus  sqm  Coxa'- 
rius  morhns,  ArtJiroc'ace  coxa' mm,  Coxarthroc'- 
ace,  Osplajarthroc' ace,  Coxal'gia  (of  some),  Jlip 
Disease.  A  scrofulous  caries,  and  often  sponta- 
neous luxation  of  the  head  of  the  os  femoris,  oc- 


casioning permanent  shortening  of  the  limb, 
and  not  unfrequently  hectic  and  death  —  hchio- 
phthisis. 

COXEN'DIX,  Haunch.  This  word  has  been 
used  synonymously  with  ischium ;  and  anato- 
mists have  also  applied  it  to  the  ilia,  Omi 
Coxen'dicis, 

COXI'TIS,  Coxarthri'tis,  a  hybrid  term,  from 
Coxa,  'the  hip,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation, 
Inflammation  of  the  hip-joint. 

COXO,  in  composition.  Relating  or  apper- 
taining to  the  coxal  bone. 

COXO-FEM'ORAL,  Coxo femora' lis.  Belong, 
ing  to  the  coxal  bone  or  ileum,  and  to  the  os  fe- 
moris.    Iliofemoral  has  the  same  signiiication. 

Coxo-Fem'oral  Articula'tion,  ll'io-Fanond 
A.,  (F.)  Articulation  de  la  Hunche,  llip-joini, 
(Prov.)  Hamch,  Locking,  Lonlc.  The  head  of  the 
femur  and  the  articular  cavity  fire  covered  by  a 
diarthrodial  cartilage  and  synovial  capsid.c ;  and 
by  a  very  strong  capsular  or  articular  ligament 
attached  to  the  circumference  of  the  cotyloid 
cavity,  and  to  the  neck  of  the  femur.  There  is, 
also,  a  round  or  interarticular  ligament,  passing 
from  the  inferior  notch  of  the  cotyloid  cavity 
to  the  rough  depression  at  the  top  of  the  caput 
femoris  ;  and  a  cotyloid  ligament — a  sort  of  thick, 
cartilaginous  ring,  situate  on  the  edge  of  the 
cotyloid  cavity,  and  converting  the  inferior  notch 
into  a  foramen.  These  are  the  great  means  of 
union  in  this  extensive  articulation. 

CRAB,  As'tacus  fluviat'ilis,  Cancer,  Gam'ma- 
riis,  Gam'barus,  Cam'marus,  (F.)  Crahbe,  Ecre- 
visse,  Escrevice.  Class,  Crustacea.  A  shell-fish 
much  used  as  an  article  of  diet.  Like  other 
shell-fish,  it  is  apt  to  disagree,  and  excite  urticar 
ria.,  (fee. 

GUABE,  Crabyaws. 
CRABLOUSE,  Pediculus  pubis. 
CRABS'  EYES,  Cancrorum  chelre— c.  Stones, 
Canerorum  chelae. 

CRABYAWS,  (F.)  Crahe.  A  name  in  the 
West  Indies  for  a  kind  of  ulcer  on  the  soles  of 
the  feet,  with  edges  so  hard,  that  they  are  diffi- 
cult to  cut. 

CR ACHAT.  Sputum. 

CEACHEMENT,  Excreation— c.  de  /'««,  Vo- 
mica, Phthisis  pulmonalis — c.  de  Sang,  lla-mop- 
tysis. 

CPi.ACnOTE2IENT  (F.),  from  cracher,  'to 
spit.'  The  frequent  spitting  of  a  small  quantity 
of  saliva. 

CRACKED  POT  SOUND,  Bruit  de  pot  faL 
CRACKLING    OF    LEATHER,   see   Cwjxi^r 
ment  de  cuir. 

CRACOW  GROATS,  Semolina. 
CRADLE,  Sax.  cpa'oel,  Ar'culus,  Sokn,  (F.) 
Arceau  ou  Arcket.  A  semicircle  of  thin  wood, 
or  strips  of  wood,  used  for  preventing  the  contact 
of  the  bed-clothes  in  wounds,  fractures,  &e.  An 
ordinance  of  the  Grand  Duke  of  Tuscany  forbade 
mothers  and  nurses  to  sleep  with  a  child  near 
them,  unless  it  was  placed  under  a  solid  cradle 
of  this  kind,  in  order  that  no  accident  might 
arise  from  overlaying. 

CR^'PALE,  from  Kpan:a\r,,  Crap'ula,  'drunk- 
enness, surfeit.'     A  derangement  of  the  functions 
of  the  brain,  &c.,  produced  by  wine  or  any  other 
fermented  li((uor. — Galen. 
CRAGBANE,  Clavicle. 

CRAIE,  Creta — c.  Barotiqne,  Baryta,  carbon- 
ate of — c.   Magnesienne,  Magnesias   carbonas— c. 
de  Plonih,  Plumbi  subcarbonas. 
CRAISEY,  Ranunculus  acris. 
CRAMA,  Kfiiijia,  from  Kcpao),  'I  mix.'     A  mix- 
ture of  any  kind.     Dilute  wine. 
CRAM  BE,  Cabbage. 

CRAM'BION,  from  Kpa/ipv,  'cabbage.'    A  de- 
coction of  cabbage. — Hippocrates. 


CRAMERIA 


253 


CRANIOLOGY 


CRAMERIA,  Krameria. 

CRAMP,  from  ((1.)  krampfen,  'to  contract.' 
CranipuH,  Enla'sia  ei/ntrem'ma,  Tet'anus  dolon'f- 
ieno,  .^/i/oijxiH'mns,  Spimmua  muscula'ria,  MyixV- 
nii(,  I'lir'/f',  Ithnjinfi,  Jtheyiiiiia.  (F.)  Cramjje.  A 
giuUleii,  involuntary,  and  liighly  painful  contrac- 
tion of  a  muscle  or  muscles.  It  is  most  fre- 
quently experienced  in  the  lower  extremities, 
and  is  a  common  symptom  of  certain  aifcctions — 
ns  of  C'nlifd  I'i'-tiiiiHm  and  Cliahra  Morbus.  Fric- 
tion and  compression  of  the  limb,  by  means  of  a 
li<;ature  applied  around  it  above  the  muscles 
affected,  will  usually  remove  the  spasm. 
Champ,  Schivknkrs',  Cramp,  writeYs'. 
Champ  of  tiik  STOMAcn,  (F.)  Crampe  de  I'Es- 
fonific.  A  sudden,  violent,  and  most  painful  affec- 
tion of  the  stomach,  with  sense  of  constriction  in 
the  epiKastrium.  It  seems  to  be  the  effect  of  the 
spasmodic  contraction  of  the  muscular  coat  of  the 
stomach,  and  requires  the  use  of  the  most  powerful 
stimulants  and  antispasmodics,  of  which  opium 
is  the  best. 

C  It  A  M  p.  Writers',  GmpJiospasm'ns,  3fogi- 
qraph'ia,  (F.)  Crnmpe  des  Ecrivains,  Scriv'eners' 
Cramp,  Stam'meriiKj  of  the  Fingers.  A  condition 
of  the  fingers,  in  which  they  are  unable  to  hold 
the  pen,  or  in  which  one  or  more  of  the  muscles  of 
the  fingers  are  irregularly  and  irresistibly  con- 
tracted. 

Cli'A}fPE  DES ECRrVAr]VS,Cr&m^,wr\tcTs'. 
CIIAMPE  VE  L'ESTOMAC,  Cramp  of  the 
stomach. 

CRAy  BE  BRETAGNE,  Cochlearia  armo- 
racia. 

CRANBERRY,  Vaccinium  oxycoccos — c.  Al- 
pine, Vnccinium  vitis  idaea  —  c.  American,  com- 
mon, see  Vaccinium  oxycoccos — c.  Upland,  Ar- 
butus uva  ursi. 

CRANE,  Cranium  —  c.  Hnmain,  Cranium  bu- 
rn anuiu. 


CRANE'S  BILL,  Geranium  — c.  Spotted,  Ge- 
ranium maculatum  —  c.  Stinking,  Geranium  Ro- 
bertianum. 

CRA'NIAL,  Crania'Us,  Craiua'mis,  (F.)  Crd- 
nien ;  same  etymon  as  cranium.  Relating  or 
appertaining  to  the  cranium  —  as  '  cranial 
nerves.' 

CRANIEN,  Cranial, 

CRANIOCELE,  Encepbalocele. 

CRANIOHyEMATONCUS,  Cephalfcmatoma. 

CRANIOL'OGY,  Cranios'copy,  Cran{olog"ia, 
Cranioman'cy,  Phrenol'ogy,  Crauioscop'ia,  C.  Gal- 
lia'na,  Encephaloscop'ia,  Doctri'na  Gallia'na. 
(F.)  Crnniologie,  Cmnioscopie.  Words  intro- 
duced, since  Gall,  into  medical  language.  The 
first  two  terms  are  respectively  derived  from 
Kpaviov,  'cranium,'  \oyoi,  'a  discourse,'  and  okotiuv, 
'to  examine.'  They  signify  a  description,  or 
simply  an  examination,  of  the  diff"erent  parts  of 
the  external  surface  of  the  cranium,  in  order  to 
deduce  from  thence  a  knowledge  of  the  different 
intellectual  and  moral  dispositions.  Strictly 
speaking,  it  is  by  Crmiioscopy  that  we  acquire  a 
knowledge  of  Crnniology,  Organology,  or  Cran- 
ology,  as  it  has  been  variously  termed.  These 
words  are  generally,  however,  used  in  the  same 
sense.  The  cranium  being  moulded  to  the  brain, 
there  are  as  many  prominences  on  the  bone,  as 
there  are  projections  at  the  surface  of  the  brain. 
According  to  Gall,  each  projection,  which  he  calls 
an  organ,  is  the  seat  of  a  particular  intellectual 
or  moral  faculty,  and  all  persons  endowed  with 
the  same  faculty,  have,  at  the  same  part  of  the 
brain,  a  prominence,  which  is  indicated,  exter- 
nall)',  by  a  bump  or  projection  in  the  bony  case. 
The  System  of  Gall  is  made  to  comprise  27  pro- 
minences, which  answer  to  27  faculties.  The  fol- 
lowing Table  exhibits  these  supposed  organs,  and 
their  scat : 


Cerebral  Organs  and  their  Seat,  according  to  Gall. 


1.  TiiKtlnct  of  generation,  of  reproduction  ;  ama- 
tivciiess;  instinct  of  propagation;  venereal 
instinct. 

(German.)  Zeugungstrieb,  Fortpflan- 
zungstrieb,    Geschlechtstricb. 

2.  Love  of  progeny  ;  philoprogenitii'eness. 
(G.)  Jungenliebe,  Kinderliebe. 
.S.  Attach iticnt,  friendship. 

[0.)  F  r  e  u  n  d  s  c  h  a  f  t  s  i  n  n . 

4.  Instinct  of  drfei\diiig  self  and  property  ;  love 
of  strife  find  combat  ;  combativeness ;   courage. 

(G.)  Muth,  Raufsinn,  Zanksinn. 

5.  Carnivorous  instinct;  inclination  to  murder; 
destrnclivenesa ;  cruelty. 

(G.)  Wurgsinn,  Mordsinn. 

0.  Cunning;  finesse;  address;  secretiveness. 
(G.)  List,  Schlauheit,  Klugheit. 

7.  Desire  of  property ;  provident  instinct  ;  cupi- 
dity; inclination  to  robbery;  acquisitiveness. 

(G.)  E  i  g  c  n  t  h  u  m  s  s  i  n  n  ,  Hang  z  u  s  t  e  h  1  - 
en,  Einsammlungssinn,  Diebsinn. 

S.  Pride;  haughtiness ;    love  of  authority;    ele- 

ralioii. 
(G.)    Stolz,     Ilochmuth,     Hohensinn, 

n  e  r  r  s  c  h  s  u  c  h  t . 

9.  Vanity  ;  ambition;  love  of  glory. 

(G.)  E  i  t  e  1  k  e  i  t ,  R  u  h  m  s  u  c  h  t ,  E  h  r  g  e  i  z . 

10.  Circumspection  ;  foresight. 

(G.)  C  e  h  u  t  s  a  m  k  6  i  t,  Vorsicht,  Vor- 
sich  t  igh  ei  t. 

11.  Memory  of  things ;  memory  of  facts ;  sense 
of  things  ;  educability  ;  perfectibility  ;  docility. 

[G.)  Sachedachtniss,  Erzichungs- 
fiihigkcit,  Sachsinn. 


Seated  in  the  cerebellum.    It  is  manifested  at  the 
J      surface  of  the  cranium  by  two  round  protube- 
j      ranees,  one  on  each  side  of  the  nape  of  the 
neck. 

]  Indicated  at  the  extern.al  occipital  protuberance. 

f  About  the  middle  of  the  posterior  margin  of  the 
I      parietal  bone,  anterior  to  the  last. 
f  Seated  a  little  above  the  ears,  in  front  of  the  last, 
<      and  towards  the  mastoid  angle  of  the  parietal 
(      bone. 

(Greatly  developed  in  all  the  carnivorous  animals; 
forms  a  prominence  at  the  posterior  and  supe- 
rior part  of  the  squamous  surface  of  the  tem- 
poral bone,  above  the  mastoid  process. 
f  Above  the  meatus  auditorius  externus,  upon  the 
I  sphenoidal  angle  of  the  parietal  bone, 
f  Anterior  to  that  of  cunning,  of  which  it  seems  to 
I      be  a  prolongation,  and  above  that  of  mechanics, 

Iwith  which  it  contributes  to  widen  the  crnniuni, 
by  the  projection  which  they  form  at  the  side 
of  the  frontal  bone. 
.  Behind  the  top  of  the  head,  at  the  extremity  of 
1       the  sagittal  suture,  and  on  the  parietal  bone. 

r  Situate  at  the  side  of  the  last,  near  the  posterior 
j      internal  angle  of  the  parietal  bone. 

i  Corresponds  to  the  parietal  protuberance. 


Situate  at  the  root  of  the  nose,  between  the  t^vo 
eyebrows,  and  a  little  above  them. 


CRANIOLOGY 


2  54 


CRANIUM 


12.  Sense  of  local! t y ;  sense  of  the  relation  of 
space;  memory  of  2>laces. 

(G.)  Ortsinn,  Raumsinn. 

13.  Jfemory  of  persons  ;  sense  of  persons. 
(Cr.)  Personensinn. 

14.  Sense  of  words ;  sense  of  names;  verhal  me- 
mory. 

(G.)  Wordgcdachtniss,    Namensinn. 

15.  Sense  of  upolcen  lan<juage ;  talent  of  philo- 
lo'iy  ;  study  o/  languages. 

(G.)  Sprachforschungssinn,  W  ort- 
sinn,   Sprachsinn. 

16.  .S'e»i«e  of  the  relations  of  colour;  talent  of 
painting. 

(G.)  Farbensinn. 

17.  Sense  of  the  relations  of  tones;  musical  ta- 
lent. 

(G.)  Tonsinn. 

18.  Sense  of  the  relations  of  numbers;  mathema- 
tics. 

(G.)  Zahlensinn. 

19.  Sense  of  mechanics;  sense  of  construction; 
talent  of  architecture  ;  industry. 

(G.)  Kunstsinn,  Bausinn. 

20.  Comparative  sagacity. 

((?.)  Vergleichender  Scharfsinn. 

21.  3feta2>hysical  penetration  :  depth  of  mind. 
(G.)  Metaphysischer  Tiefsinn. 

22.  Wit. 
(G.)  Witz. 

28.  Poetical  talent. 

{G.)  Dichtergeist. 

24:.  Goodness ;  benevolence ;  mildness;  compas- 
sion; sensibility ;  moral  sense;  conscience; 
bonhommie. 

(G.)  Gutmuthigkeit,  Mitleiden,  mo- 
ralischer   Sinn,  Gcwissen. 

25.   Imitation  ;  mimicry. 

(G.)  Nacliahtnungssinn. 

2fi.    God  and  religion ;   theosophy. 

(G.)  Theosophisches    Sinn. 

27.  Firmness ;  constancy;  perseverance;  obsti- 
nacy. 

(G.)  Stetigkeit,  Fcstersinn. 

The  first  nineteen  of  these,  according  to  Gall, 
are  coininon  to  man  and  animals;  the  remaining 
eight,  man  possesses  exclusively.  They  are,  con- 
sequently, the  attributes  of  humanity. 

Organs  according  to  Spukzhbim. 

1.  Amativeness.  —  2.  Philoprogenitiveness. — 
3.  Inhabitiveness.  —  4.  Adhesiveness  or  Attach- 
ment.— 5.  Combativeness. — 6.  Destructiveness. — 
7.  Constructiveness. — 8.  Acquisitiveness. — 9.  Se- 
cretiveness. — 10.  Self-esteem.  — 11.  Love  of  Ap- 
probation.— 12.  Cautiousness. — 13.  Benevolence. 
— 14.  Veneration. — 15.  Firmness. — 16.  Conscien- 
tiousness or  Justice.  —  17.  Hope.  —  18.  Marvel- 
lousness. — 19.  Wit. — 20.  Ideality. — 21.  Imitation. 
—22.  Individuality.— 23.  Form.— 24.  Size.— 25. 
Weight  and  resistance.  —  20.  Colour.  —  27.  Loca- 
lity.—28.  Numeration.— 29.  Order.— 30.  Eventu- 
ality.—31.  Time. —32.  Melody  or  Tune. —  33. 
Language. — 34.  Comparison. — 35.  Causality. 

A  fundamental  principle  with  the  Craniolo- 
gisfs  or  Phrenologists  is, — that  the  brain  does  not 
iict  as  a  single  organ,  but  that  it  consists  of  a 
plurality  of  organs:  but,  vrere  we  able  to  admit 
this,  the  assignment  of  the  seat  of  different  facul- 
ties could  not  but  be  considered  premature. 

CRAXrOMANCY,  Craniology. 

CRANIOM'ETRY,  Craniomet'ria ;  from  xpa- 
viov,  'the  cranium,'  and  /icTpov,  'measure.'  Mea- 
surement of  the   skull.     A   form    of  compasses 


Answers  to  the  frontal  sinus,  and  is  indicated  ex- 
ternally by  two  prominences  at  the  inner  edi-o 
of  the  eyebrows,  near  the  root  of  the  nose,  aud 
outside  of  the  organ  of  memory  of  things. 

]  At  the  inner  angle  of  the  orbit. 

r  Situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  bnse  of  the 
J  two  anterior  lobes  of  the  brain,  on  the  frnntul 
]  pnrt  of  the  bottom  of  the  orbit,  so  as  to  make 
[      the  cyo  prominent. 

i 


Also  at  the  top  of  the  orbit,  between  the  preced- 
ing and  that  of  the  knowledge  of  colour. 

The  middle  part  of  the  eyebrows,  encroaching  a 
little  on  the  forehead. 

A  little  above  and  to  one  side  of  the  last;  above 
the  outer  third  of  the  orbitar  arch. 

On  the  outside  of  the  organ  of  the  sense  of  the 
relation  of  colour,  and  below  the  last. 

A  round  protuberance  at  the  lateral  base  of  tlio 
frontal  bone,  towards  the  temple,  and  behind 
the  organs  of  music  and  numbers. 

At  the  middle  and  anterior  part  of  the  frontal 
bone,  above  that  of  the  memory  of  things. 

In  part  confounded  with  the  preceding.  Indi- 
cated at  the  outer  side  of  the  last  by  a  protu- 
berance, which  gives  to  the  forehead  a  peculiar 
hemispherical  shape. 

At  the  lateral  and  outer  part  of  the  last;  and  giv- 
ing greater  width  to  the  frontal  prominence. 

On  the  outer  side  of  the  last;  divided  into  two 
halves  by  the  coronal  suture. 

Indicated  by  an  oblong  prominence  above  the 
organ  of  comparative  sagacity;  almost  at  the 
frontal  suture. 


At  the  outer  side  of  the  last. 

At  the  top  of  the  frontal  bone  and  at  the  superior 
angles  of  the  parietal  bone. 

The  top  of  the  head;  at  the  anterior  and  most 
elevated  part  of  the  parietal  bone. 

used  for  this  purpose  is  called  a  craniometer,  (F.) 
Craniometre. 

CRANIOPATHI'A;  from  Kpaviov,  'the  cra- 
nium,' and  nadoi,  '  disease.'  Disease  of  the  cra- 
nium. 

CRANIOPLAS'TY,  Oranioplas'tice,  from  xpa- 
viov,  '  the  skull,'  and  ttXiio-ctu),  '  I  form.'  An  ope- 
ration for  the  restoration  of  the  soft  parts  and 
bones  of  the  cranium. 

CRANIOSCOPY,  Craniology. 

CRANIO-SPINAL,  Cephalo-spinal. 

Cranio-Spinal  Axis,  see  Encephalon. 

CRANIOSTENOSIS,  see  Microcephalus. 

CRANIO'TABES,  from  Kpanov,  'the  skull,' 
and  tabes,  'wasting.'  A  softening  of  the  bones 
of  the  cranium,  and  a  consequent  thinness  of 
those  bones,  —  as  the  occiput,  (soft  occiput,)  — 
which  are  much  exposed  to  pressure.  It  is  a 
variety  of  rickets. — Elsasser. 

CRANIOT'OMY,  Craniotom'ia,  (F.)  Crauioto. 
mie ;  from  Kpaviuv,  'the  cranium,' and  to^i;, 'in- 
cision.' The  operation  of  opening  the  head  in 
parturition. 

Craniotomy  Fouceps.  An  instrument,  resem- 
bling the  lithotomy  forceps,  for  laying  hold  of 
and  breaking  down  the  bones  of  the"  head  in  par- 
turition. 

CRANIUM,  Crn'nion,  Crannm,  Calv^'ria.Scn'- 
phion,  Conchus,  Calva,  Olla  cap'itis,  'fheca  ctr'- 
cbri,  Drain-pan,  (Old  Eng.)   Pannikdl,  (Prov.) 


CRANOMANCY 


CREATINE 


Ifarnpnn,  the  skull;  from  Kpaioi,  'a,  helmet,'  or 
I'rom  xpavov,  'head;'  (F.)  C'rdne.  The  collection  \ 
of  bones  which  form  the  case  for  lodging  the  | 
hrain  and  its  mcnibrancs,  as  well  as  their  vessels,  I 
and  some  of  the  nerves.  These  bones  are  eight 
in  number  —  the  frontal,  occipital,  two  parietal, 
two  temporal,  the  njihenoid,  and  ethmoid.  Besides 
these,  there  might  be  considered,  as  belonging  to 
the  cranium,  the  cornua  sphenoidalia,  the  bones 
of  the  ear,  and  the  ossa  Wormiana.  Dr.  Prichard 
has  characterized  the  primitive  forms  of  the  skull 
according  to  the  width  of  the  Brerjma,  or  space 
Itctwecn  the  parietal  bones  :  1.  The  Stenohreg- 
iiiale,  {arcvoi,  'narrow,')  or  Ethiopian  variety.  2. 
The  .Uenobrer/mate,  (ftaos,  'middle,')  or  Caucasian 
variety ;  and  .3.  The  Platyhrecjmate,  (irAaruj, 
'  broad,')  or  Mongolian  variety. 

Cranium  Huma'num,  Human  Cra'nittrn  or 
.•?/.-«//.  (F.)  Crdne  humain.  This  was  anciently 
much  u?ed  in  prescriptions,  and  was  considered 
:iiiti-epileptic,  alexipharmie,  antiloimie,  Ac. 

CllANOMAN'CY,  Cranomanti'a,  from  xpavov, 
'the  head,' and  fiavreta,  'divination.'  (F.)  Cra- 
uomaitcie.  The  art  of  divining — from  the  inspec- 
tion of  the  head  or  cranium — the  moral  disposi- 
tions and  inclinations  of  individuals. 

CHANSON,  Cochleariaarmoracia.C.  officinalis. 

CllANSSAC,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Cranssac  is  a  village  in  the  department  of  Avey- 
ron,  six  leagues  from  Rhodez,  which  possesses 
acidulous  chalybeate  springs,  that  have  been 
known  for  a  long  time. 

CRANTER,  from  xpaivtiv,  'to  finish,' 'render 
perfect.'   The  Dinx  Sapien'ticB  has  been  so  called. 

CRANUM,  Cr.anium. 

CRAPULA,  Craepale. 

CRAQUEMENT  BE  CUIR  NEUF  (F.), 
Xconrf/te'cliun,  'crackling  of  new  leather.'  A 
sound  like  the  crackling  of  new  leather,  somc- 
I lines  heard  on  examining  the  heart  with  the 
stethoscope,  which  is  symptomatic  of  pericar- 
ditis. 

CRAQUEMEXTPULMONATRE,  (F.)  'Pul- 
monary crackling.'  This  hrtiit  or  sound  consists 
in  a  succession  of  small  cracklings,  hoard  during 
inspiration,  and  almost  always  at  the  top  of  the 
lung.  It  is  heard  at  the  commencement  of  phthisis. 

CRASIS,  from  xepavwixi,  '  I  mix.'  A  mixture 
of  the  constituents  of  a  fluid;  as  the  eraxis  of  the 
lilood,  hiiuiours,  &c.  The  word  has  also  been 
employed  in  a  more  extensive  signification,  as 
synonvmous  with  Constitution,  Temperament,  &c. 

CRASPEDON,  Staphylocdema. 

CRASSAJIEN'TU.M.  from  rraxxnx,  'thick.' 
The  thick  part  or  deposit  of  any  fluid.  It  is  par- 
ticularly applied  to  the  clot  of  the  blood. 

Crass  AM  KNTUM  Sangui.vks,  see  Blood. 

CRASSE,  (F.)  Dirt  or  impurity.  A  sort  of 
layer  or  endnit,  which  covers  the  skin,  where 
cleanliness  is  not  attended  to ;  and  which  is 
sometimes  the  result  of  the  cutaneous  exhala- 
tion ;  at  others,  of  extraneous  matter  adhering  to 
the  surface  of  the  body. 

CRASSE'N.\.  A  term  by  which  Paracelsus 
designated  the  saline,  putrescent,  and  corrosive 
principles,  which,  he  thought,  gave  rise  to  ulcers 
and  tumours  of  different  kinds. 

CRASS'ULA,  from  crassiis,  'thick.'  owing  to 
the  thickness  of  its  leaves.     Scduiu  telepliium. 

Crassula  Auborescexs,  see  Cotyledon  orbi- 
culnta — c.  Povtulacacea,  c.  Tetragona. 

Cras'sula  Tetrago'na.  A  South  African 
.succulnnt  plant,  Ord.  Crassulaceae,  which  is 
somewhat  astringent.  Boiled  in  milk  it  is  used 
in  dinrrha?a.  CranHuln  portulnca'cea  is  said  to 
be  used  in  similar  cases. 

CRASSl'S,  Corpulent. 

CR.\T^E'(JUS  A'RIA,  from  xparof,  'strength,' 
owing  to  the  hardness  of  the  wood.    Mes'jnlna, 


Jf.  A'ria,  Aria  seu  Sorhus,  S.  Aria  seu  Alpi'r.a, 
White  Bean  Tree,  (F.)  Alisier  blanc,  Alouche, 
Alouchier.  The  fruit,  which  is  of  the  size  of  a 
small  pear,  is  slightly  astringent,  and  somewhat 
agreeable  to  the  taste.  It  has  been  employed  in 
diarrhoea. 

CRAT^VA  MARMELOS,  Covolara. 
CRATERAU'CHEN,  from    xparcpoi,  'strong,' 
and  av^riv,  'neck.'     One  with  a  strong  neck  :  as 
well  as  a  strong  neck  itself. 

CRATEViESIUM,  Sisymbrium  nasturtium. 

CRATOS,  Force. 

CRAUTE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Craute 
is  a  village  five  leagues  from  Autun,  in  France, 
where  are  mineral  springs,  containing  sulpho- 
hydrate  of  magnesia,  chloride  of  sodium,  chlo- 
ride of  lime,  sulphate  of  lime,  and  carbonate  of 
magnesia. 

CRA  VA  TE  SUISSE  (F.),  '  Swiss  cravat.'  A 
band  of  the  longitudinal  or  superficial  layer  of 
the  muscular  filires  of  the  stomach,  along  the 
lesser  curvature  of  the  organ,  the  shape  of  which 
it  assists  in  preserving:  —  so  called,  on  account 
of  a  fancied  resemblance  to  a  Swiss  cravat. 

CRAW-CRAW.  A  species  of  itch,  common  on 
the  African  coast. — Bovle. 

CRAYEUX,  Cretaceous. 

CRA  YON  NOIR,  Graphites. 

CRAZINESS,  Insanity. 

CRAZY,  Insane,  Pain. 

CREA,  Shin. 

CREAM,  Cremor  seu  FIob  lactis,  (Prov.) 
Ream,  (F.)  Crime,  A  thick,  unctuous  matter, 
of  a  yellowish-white  colour,  and  sweet,  agreeable 
taste,  which  rises  to  the  surface  of  milk,  if  kept 
at  rest.  It  is  composed  of  butter,  scrum,  and 
casein. 

Creme  is  a  name  given  in  France  to  honilUes 
prepared  with  farina  of  different  kinds  ;  as  the 
Cream  of  Rice,  (F.)  Crfme  de  Riz,  C.  of  Baric,/, 
(F.)  C.  d'Orge,  Ac.  The  same  term,  and  'medi- 
cinal cream,'  (F.)  Crime  medicinnle.  are  used  by 
M.  Beral  for  a  preparation,  resulting  from  the 
union  of  j/olk  of  ci/g  and  sngar  witli  milk,  with 
or  without  the  addition  of  medicinal  agents. 

Cream,  Rigor — c.  Cold,  Ceratum  Galeni,  Un- 
guentum  Aquas  rosse  —  c.  of  Tartar,  Potassae 
supertartras. 

CREAS.  Rubeola. 

CRE'ASOTE,  Cre'oaote,  Creaxo'tnm.  Krc'axnte, 
Crenso'fon,  Creazo' ton  ;  O.ry-hydro-earhnre'tnm 
ex  o'lco  pi/roxi/l'ico  para'tum,  (Ph.  L.)  from  xptai, 
'flesh,'  and  oiamf,,  'a  preserver.'  A  substance 
discovered  not  long  ago  by  Reiehenbach.  It  is 
obtained  from  tar,  by  distillation,  and  appears  to 
be  the  active  antiseptic  and  medicinal  agent  in 
tar-water  and  crude  pyroligneous  .acid.  It  is  a 
colourless  transparent  fluid,  of  a  penetrating  and 
disagreeable  odour,  and  is  freely  soluble  in  alco- 
hol and  acetic  acid.  Its  taste  is  bitter.  S.  g. 
1"037.  It  coagulates  albumen,  whence  its  hivmo- 
static  power.  It  is  a  most  powerful  antiseptic; 
and  has  been  largely  administered  in  hemorrhages 
both  internally  and  externally.  As  an  external 
application,  it  has  been  used  in  burns,  ulcers, 
especially  those  of  a  sloughing  character,  chronic 
cutaneous  affections,  and  has  been  apjilied  to 
tapeworm  when  protruded,  &c.  Internally,  it 
has  be-en  administered  in  phthisis,  vomiting, 
diabetes  mcllitus,  nervous  diseases,  chronic 
glanders,  <fec.  The  dose  internally  is  one  or  two 
drops.  Externally,  it  is  sometimes  applied  pure  ; 
at  others,  diluted,  and  commonly  with  water, 
(f^<s  to  f^^vj :)  or  in  the  form  of  ointment,  (f^ss 
to  ^i  of  cerate.) 

CREASOTE  PLANT,  Larrea  Mexicana. 

CRE'ATINE,  Cre'atin,  Creati'na,  Kre'atine, 
from  Kptai,  '  fiesh.'  A  nitrogenized  crystalliz.able 
neutral  substance,   obtained   by  the  agency  of 


CREATININE 


250 


CRETACEOUS 


water  and  heat  in  making  broths  and  soups.  It 
does  not  combine  either  with  acids  or  alliulies. 

By  the  action  of  strong  acids,  creatine  is  con- 
verted into  Creatinine  or  Kreatiniite,  a  substance 
which  lias  a  strong  alkaline  reaction,  and  forms 
crystallizable  salts  with  acids.  It  preexists  to  a 
small  extent  in  the  juice  of  flesh  ;  and  is  found 
in  coniunction  with  creatine  in  urine. 

CREATININE,  see  Creatine. 

CREATOPHAGUS,  Carnivorous. 

CREAZOTON,  Creasote. 

CREEPER,  TRUiMPET,  Tecoma  radicans— 
c.  Virginia,  Ampelopsis  quinquefolia,  Tecoma 
radicans. 

CREEPERS,  Fidgets. 

OREMASON.  Pyrosis. 

CRE.MAS'TER,  Snsjjciidic'iilum,Eleva'tor  Tes- 
tie'uli,  Mhs'cuJus  Testis  seu  Testicon'dua.  That 
which  suspends;  from  Kpcfiaui,  '1  suspend.'  The 
Greeks  designated,  by  this  term,  the  spermatic 
cord,  or  all  the  parts  by  which  the  testicle  is, 
as  it  were,  suspended;  but,  since  Vesalius,  it  has 
received  its  present  limited  meaning.  The  ere- 
inaster  is  a  very  thin,  muscular  fascia — sometimes 
hardly  perceptible  —  which  detaches  itself  from 
the  internal  oblique  muscle ;  passes  through  the 
abdominal  ring,  and  vanishes  around  the  tunica 
vaginalis;  serving  to  draw  up  the  testicle,  and 
to  move  it  slightly.  It  has  been,  also,  called 
TunicK  Eryfhrui'drs  and  Siispenso'riitm  Testis. 

CREMAS'Tin^IC,  Cremaster'icus,  same  ety- 
mon as  Cremaster.  Appertaining  or  relating  to 
the  cremaster, — as  'crt'Wia«?e;ic  artery,' — a  branch 
of  the  epigastric. 

CREME,  Chrisma. 

CREME,  Cream— c.  Bfedicinnl,  see  Cream — c. 
de  Sou/re,  Sul])liur  i)ra;cipitatum — c.  de  Tartre, 
Potassie  supertartras. 

CREMER.  The  common  name  for  a  disease 
frequent  in  Hungary,  which  is  produced  by  ex- 
cess in  eating  and  drinking. — Chomel. 

CREMXOI,  plural  of  Kprmvo;,  'a  steep  bank.' 
The  li])s  of  an  ulcer.  ThQ  Labia  jutden'di. — Hip- 
pocrates, Foesius. 

CREMNON'CUS,  from  x^nnvoi,  'the  labia  pu- 
dendi,'  and  oyKoi,  'a  tumour.'  A  svvelling  of  the 
labia  jiuilendi. 

CREMOR  LACTIS,  Cream  —  c.  Tartari,  Po- 
tassae  supertartras — c.  Urinao,  see  Urine. 

CRENA,  Cenatu'ra,  Dentic'nlus,  (F.)  Crine- 
Inre.  In  the  plural,  the  small  teeth  or  projec- 
tions in  the  bones  of  the  cranium,  by  means  of 
which  an  accurate  junction  is  formed  at  the  su- 
tures. Crcnelure  has  also  been  used  in  surgery, 
for  the  gutter  or  groove  in  certain  instruments, 
which  is  generally  intended  to  secure  the  passage 
of  cutting  instruments;  the  groove,  for  example, 
of  a  director. 

CRENATURA,  Crena. 

CRENEL  URE.  Crena. 

CRE'OLE,  (S.)  CrioUo;  from  (S.)  criar,  '  to 
create  or  foster.'  A  native  of  America,  or  of  the 
West  Indies,  born  of  parents  who  have  emigrated 
from  the  Old  World,  or  from  Africa.  Hence 
there  may  be  white  as  well  as  black  Creoles. — 
Tschudi. 

CREOPHAGUS,  Carnivorous. 

CREPALIA  TEMULENTA,  Lolium  temu- 
lentuni. 

CREPANELLA,  Plumbago  Europa?a. 

CREPA'TIO,  Crepatu'rn,  from  creprtre,  crepa- 
tnm,  'to  make  a  noise.'  The  action  of  bursting 
any  seed  by  ebullition.  Coque  ad  crepatu'ram, 
'  Boil  till  it  bursts.' 

CREPATURA.  Hernia. 

CREPIDINES,  PALPEBRARUM,  see  Tarsus. 

CREP'ITANT,  Crep'itntinr/,  Crep'itana;  same 
etymon  as  Crepatio.     Crackling. 


Rale  Crepitant  Sec  ii  Grosses  Billies,  'dry 
crackling  noise  with  formation  of  large  bubbles  ' 
is  heard  in  pulmonary  emphysema,  when  the  dis- 
tension uecomes  greater  and  greater,  and  is  fol- 
lowed  by  rupture  of  the  vesicles.  The  air  forciinr 
itself  a  passage  in  the  interlobular  areolar  tissue 
gives  rise  to  this  Jhlle  during  inspiration. 

Rale  Crepitant  Sec  of  Laennec,  R.  vesiciihiire. 
The  crepitant  rattle, Crepita'tio  vesinda'ris,  heard 
during  respiration,  in  severe  pneumonia  and  in 
oedema  of  the  lung;  so  termed  on  account  of  the 
analogy  between  the  sound  and  that  occasioned 
by  pressing  a  healthy  lung  between  the  fingers. 
It  resembles  the  sound  produced  by  riibbing 
slowly  and  firmly  between  the  finger  and  thumb 
a  lock  of  hair  near  the  ear.  The  Rhonchns  crip'i. 
tuns  redux,  (F. )  Rule  crepitant  rednx,  is  the  sound 
heai^  in  respiration  coexistent  with  the  resolution 
of  pneumonia.  It  indicates  the  return  of  the  cells 
to  the  pervious  condition. 

CREPITATIO,  Crepitation  — c.  Vesicularis, 
Crepitation. 

CREPITATION,  Crepita'tio,  Crejy'itns,  from 
crepitare,  '  to  make  a  noise.'  CraekHnr/.  Cre- 
pitation or  crepitus,  (F.)  Cliquetis,  has  been  used, 
in  Suryery,  to  designate  the  noise  occasioned  by 
the  friction  of  if aptured  bones,  when  the  surgeon 
moves  them  in  certain  directions.  When  it  can- 
not be  heard  at  a  distance,  it  may  be  detected  by 
the  immediate  application  of  the  ear,  or  by  the 
use  of  the  stethoscope.  Crepitus  or  crackling  is, 
likewise,  met  with  in  cases  of  gangrene,  when  air 
is  effused  into  the  areolar  membrane  —  provided 
the  part  be  carefully  examined  with  the  fingers. 
The  same  term  is  used  for  the  cracking  of  the 
joints  in  health  or  disease. 

CREPITUS,  Crepitation,  Fart— c.  Lupi,  Ly- 
coperdon. 

CRESCENTIA,  Growth. 

Cubscen'tia  Cuju'te;  called  after  Cresccntio, 
an  Italian  writer  on  agriculture;  Cujete,  Narroio- 
leaved  Calabash  Tree.  Ord.  Solanea;.  The  jjulp 
of  the  fruit  of  this  West  India  plant  is  acidulous. 
It  is  used  in  diarrhoea  and  headach ;  and,  in  syrup, 
for  diseases  of  the  chest. 

CRESCENTIA.,  Waxing  kernels. 

CRESERA,  see  Cribration. 

CRESPINUS,  Oxyacantha  Galeni.  ^ 

CRESS,  BITTER,  COMMON,  Cardamine  pra^ 
tensis — c.  Garden,  Lepidium  sativum — c.  Indian, 
'Tropajolum  majus — c.Meadow,  Cardaraine  i)r:iten- 
sis — c.  Penny,  Thlaspi  —  c.  Swines',  Coelilearia 
coronopus  —  c.  Water,  Sisymbrium  nasturtium— 
c.  Water,  marsh.  Nasturtium  palustre. 

CRESSES,  DOCK,  Lapsana  — c.  SciaUca,  Le- 
pidium Iberis. 

CRESSI,  Sisymbrium  nasturtium. 

CRESSON  ALENOIS,  Lepidium  sativum  — 
c.  Elegant,  Cardamine  pratensis — c.  de  Fontaine, 
Sisymbrium  nasturtium  —  c.  des  7)irfe»,  Tropaso- 
lum  majus — c.  des  Jardins,  Lepidium  sativum  — 
c.  da  Ifexique,  Tropaeolum  majus  —  c.  de  Para, 
Spilanthus  oleraceus — c.  des  Pres,  Cardamine 
pratensis. 

CREST,  Crista— c.  of  the  Ilium,  see  Crista  of 
the  Ilium— c.  of  the  Pubis,  see  Crista  of  the  Pu- 
bis—c.  of  the  Tibia,  see  Crista  of  the  Tibia— c.  of 
the  Urethra,  see  Crista  urethralis. 

CRETA,  Car'bonas  calcis  friab'ilis,  Cnr'hnnas 
calca'rens,  Glisomar'go,  Melia  Terra,  Chalk,  Car- 
bonate of  Lime,  (F.J  Crate.  Native  friable  car- 
bonate of  lime. 

Creta  Prepara'ta,  Car'bonas  Calcis  prapa- 
ra'tus.  Prepared  Chalk.  (Prepared  by  levigatioD.) 
Used  externally,  as  an  absorbent;  internally,  as 
an  antacid.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  7j  or  more. 

CRETA'CEOUS,  Creta'ceus,{Y.)  Crayc»r, from 
crcta,  '  chalk.'      Containing,   or  relating  to,  or 


CRETE 


257 


CRICOID 


having  the  characters  of,  chalk  ;  as  '  cretaceous 
mixture,  cretaceous  tubercles.' 

VliliTl-j,  Crista — c.  de  Coq,  Crista  galli — c.  de 
V Ethmiiide  Crista  galli  —  c.  Urilhrule,  Gallinagi- 
ois  C!\|iut. 

ClU-nEFAC'TION,  Cretefac' tio,  from  creta, 
'chalk,'  and  j'ltcere,  fucUim,  'to  make.'  Forma- 
tion of,  or  conversion  into  chalk,  as  the  conver- 
sion of  tubercles  into  calcareous  or  cretaceous 
concretions ;    Ctdcijication. 

Cli/iTES  JJE  aOQ,  see  Crista. 

CRETIN.  One  afi'ected  with  cretinism.  The 
word  is  s;iid  to  coiuo  from  Clirelien,  'Christian,' 
because  tlie  Cretin,  being  in  a  state  of  idiocy,  is 
incapable  of  coiumitting  any  sin  [?]     See  Cagot. 

CRHT'INISM,  Cretiiiin'iiiHS,  Cret'inage,  Cijrto'- 
glu  Ciclinis'mns,  Kretinia'mim,  Itlioti'a  endem'icci, 
Idiiilinin'uH  eiidem'iriie,  Fatu'ilas  fonvall'inna 
geu  Alpivdlu'riiin,  Micrenceph'dlon,  (F.)  Creti- 
nisme.  An  epidemic  affection  in  the  low,  deep, 
narrow  situations  of  the  Valais ;  in  the  valley  of 
Aost,  Maurienne,  a  port  of  Switzerland,  the  Pyre- 
nees, Tyrol,  (fee.  It  is  a  state  of  idiocy,  com- 
monly accompanied  by  an  enormous  goitre,  and 
is  often  hereditary.  The  unfortunate  cr6tin  is 
little  better  than  the  animals  around  him.  He 
rarely  attains  an  advanced  age.  Like  idiocy, 
cretinism  has  been  divided  into  complete  and  in- 
complele. 

ORE  USE  T,  Crucible. 

CItEUX  DE  L'AISSELLE,  see  Axilla— c.  de 
rEiloiiiac,  Fosxette  du  cvpiir — c.  de  la  Main,  Palm. 

CREUZNACH,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
The  siirings  of  Creuznach  are  in  Gernvany.  They 
contain  iodine,  bromine,  and  the  chlorides  of 
sodium  and  calcium. 

CREUZOT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  C.  is 
a  mountain  to  the  north-east  of  Mount  Cenis. 
Near  it  is  a  saline  chalybeate  spring. 

CR EVASSE,  (¥.)  Rima,hom  crever,  ' iohrtak 
or  crack.'  A  crack,  a  cleft.  The  words  crevagne, 
(jer(;iire,  fiKKure,  and  rhar/ade  are  often  used  sj'no- 
uymously  for  small  longitudinal  cracks  or  clinps 
of  a  more  or  less  painful  character.  Sometimes, 
crevasse  is  employed  to  designate  the  solutions  of 
continuity  or  ruptures,  which  supervene  in  dis- 
tended parts,  in  the  urinary  passages,  uterus,  &c. : 
it  is  then  synonymous  with  rupture. 

CREWDS,  Rubeola. 

CREWEL,  Primula  veris. 

CRf,  Cry  —  c.  de  Ciiir,  Bruit  de  Craquement, 
Craqiieiiu-iit  de  cuir  neiif. 

CRlliLE,  Cribratus. 

CRIRRA,  see  Cribrntion. 

CRIBRA'TION,  Cribra'tio,  Concinishniis,  from 
crihrare,  cribratxm,  'to  sift.'  Sifting.  A  phar- 
maceutical operation,  which  consists  in  separat- 
ing the  finer  parts  of  drugs  from  the  coarser. 
Sieces,  DriDiiHieres,  are  used  for  this  purpose. 
These  were  formerly  called  Cribra  ;  Con'cinoi. 
A  sieve  for  separating  the  bran  from  meal  was 
termed  Cre'sera,  Aleurote'sia,  Cribrum  Pollina'- 
ri'iim. 

CRIBRA'TUS,  Cribro'am,  from  cribrum,  'a 
sieve.'  (F.)  CribM.  Having  holes  like  a  sieve. 
Lame  criblee,  Crib'riform  plate,  is  the  horizontal 
lamina  of  the  ethmoid  bone — so  called  because  it 
is  perforated  like  a  sieve.  Through  the  perfora- 
tions, Param'ina  cribro'sa,  the  olfactory  nerves 
pass. 

La'miiia  Cribro'sa  of  .•Vlbinus;  Crib'riform  la- 
mel'ln  —  a  circular  spot,  perforated  with  small 
holes,  seen  when  the  optic  nerve  is  regarded  from 
the  inside,  after  removing  the  retina  and  choroid. 
From  these  holes  the  medullary  matter  may  be 
expressed. 

CRlli'UirORM,  Cribriform' is,  from  cribrum, 
17 


'a  sieve,'  and  forma,  'form.'  The  ethmoid  bone 
was  formerly  so  called. —  Oa  Cribrifor'me. 

CriiBRiFORM  Compress.  A  square  piece  of 
linen  pierced  with  a  number  of  holes.  This  is 
spread  with  cerate  and  applied  to  a  suppurating 
surface,  the  holes  being  intended  for  the  escape 
of  the  pus. 

Cribriform  Fascia,  see  Fascia,  cribriform — c. 
Lamella,  see  Cribratus — c.  Plate  of  the  Ethmoid, 
see  Cribratus. 

CRIBROSUS,  Cribratus. 

CRIBRUM  POLLINARIUM,  see  Cribration. 

CRICARYTENODES,  Crico-arytenoid. 

CRICELLA'SIA,  Cricelu' sia,  KpiKri\aaia,  from 
KfiKOi,  'a  circle,'  and  t\avviD,  'I  drive.'  An  exer- 
cise with  the  ancients,  which  appears  to  have 
been  the  same  as  the  childish  play  of  rolling  the 
hoop. 

CRICK  IN  THE  NECK,  Shoot,  (Prov.)  Hod. 
A  painful  rheumatic  affection  of  the  muscles  of 
the  neck,  which  causes  the  person  to  hold  his 
head  to  one  side  in  a  characteristic  mannter. 

CllICO.  In  composition,  appertaining  or  re- 
lating to  the  cricoid  cartilage. 

C  R  I  C  0- A  R  Y  T'E  NOI  D,  Crico-arytenoideus, 
Crivaryteno'des.  Relating  to  the  cricoid  and  ary- 
tenoid cartilages. 

Cuico-ARYT'ENOin  Muscle,  Crico-arytenoidevs 
latera'lis,  Crico-latero-arytetio'idieii.  A  muscle 
which  proceeds  from  the  lateral  part  of  the  supe- 
rior edge  of  the  cricoid  cartilage  to  the  outer  and 
anterior  part  of  the  base  of  the  arytenoid  carti- 
lage. It  carries  the  arytenoid  cartilage  outward 
and  forward. 

Crico-Aryt'enoid,  Poste'rior;  Crico-aryte- 
no'ideus  posti'cus,  Crico-crSti-artetioidieii,  Dila- 
tateur  posterieur  du  Larynx.  A  small,  triangular 
muscle,  seated  in  the  back  part  of  the  larynx.  It 
extends  from  the  prominent  line,  at  the  middle 
of  the  posterior  surface  of  the  cricoid  cartilage,  to 
the  outer  and  posterior  part  of  the  base  of  the 
arytenoid  cartilage. 

Crico-Arytenoideits  Supe'rior,  of  Winslow, 
forms  part  of  the  Aryteno'ideus  of  modern  anato- 
mists. 

CR  ICO  -  CRE  TI-A  R  YTEN  0  TDIEN.  Crioo- 
arytenoid,  posterior  —  c.  Latero-aryteno'idien, 
Crico-arytenoid. 

CRICO  PHARYNGE'AL,  Crico-Pharynge've. 
Belonging  to  the  cricoid  cartilage  and  pharynx. 

Crico-Pharvngeus  muscles  of  Winslow,  is  a 
fleshy  bundle,  which  forms  part  of  the  Constrictor 
Plinryngis  inferior.  Ho  calls  the  other  part 
Thyro-pharynge'us,  and  proposes  to  call  the 
whole   Thyro-vrico-pharynqens. 

CRICO'-THYREOIDES,  Crico-Thyroidean. 

CrICO-ThyroideaN,  Crico-tln/rnid,  Crico-thy- 
reo'des,  Crico-thyreoV den,  Crico-thyreo'irteiis.  Be- 
longing to  the  cricoid  and  thyroid  cartilages. 

Crico-Thyroid  Membrane  is  of  a  fibrous  na- 
ture, and  extends  from  the  upper  edge  of  the 
cricoid  cartilage  to  the  inferior  edge  of  the 
thyroid. 

Crico-Thyroid  Muscle,  Crico-tliyro'idcus,  (F.) 
Dilatitteur  anterieur  du  larynx,  is  a  small  fleshy 
bundle,  of  a  triangular  shape,  at  the  anterior  and 
inferior  part  of  the  larynx.  It  extends  from  the 
outer  surface  of  the  cricoid  cartilage  to  the  late- 
ral parts  of  the  inferior  margin  of  the  thyroid  car- 
tilage ;  and  its  use  is  to  approximate,  anteriorly, 
the  corresponding  margins  of  the  cricoid  and  thy- 
roid cartilages;  and  thus  to  stretch  the  ligaments 
of  the  glottis,  which  it  contracts  by  separatin" 
the  thyroid  cartilage  from  the  arytenoid. 

CR  'iCO- TH  YR 0-PHAR  YNGIEN,  Constric- 
tor pharyngis. 

CRICOID,  Orico'i'deus,  Crico'i'des,  Crico'den, 
Annula'ris,  Cymbalo' ris,  from  KpiKoq,  'a  ring,' 
and   u6oi,  '  form.'     Having  the  form  of  a  ring. 


CRICOIDES 


258 


CROCIDIXIS 


A  name  given  to  one  of  the  cartilages    of  tiie  | 
larynx,    CurllUi'ijo    innomiua'tn,    (F.)     Cnrtiln<je 
(tnoinjiiie,  which  is  situate  at  its  lower  part,  be- 
tween the  thyroid  and  tirst  ring  of  the  trachea. 
It  is  imu'h  higher  behind  than  before. 
CRICOIDES,  Annular,  Cricoid. 
CRICOS,  King. 

CllIMNO'DES,  Crimnvi'des,  from  Kpi/ivov, 
'coarse  meal,  bran,'  and  ctios,  'resemblance.' 
Resembling  meal  or  bran.  Applied  to  urine, 
which  deposits  a  bran-like  sediment,  Qrimnu'des 
Uri'  Hit. 
CRIMNON,  Farina. 

CRINA'LE,  from  crimi,  'hair.'  An  instru- 
ment formerly  used  to  compress  in  cases  of  fis- 
tuhi  lacrymalis.  It  has  its  name  from  the  cir- 
cumstance of  its  having  at  one  end  a  small  cushion 
stuffed  with  hair. — Scultetus. 

CRINA'TUM.  A  species  of  fumigation,  used 
by  Paulus  of  jEgina.  The  roots  of  lilies  entered 
into  the  process;  hence  its  name,  —  from  Kpivov, 
'the  lily.' 

CRINES,  Hair. 
CRINIS,  Capillus. 
CRINKLE-CRANKLE,  Wrinkle. 
CRINOM'YRON,  from  Kpivov,  'the  lily,'  and 
Hvpov,    'ointment.'        Un(ji(e)i'tiim     liliu'ceiun,     U. 
yE<jijp'tiiim  album,    U.  Susi'iium.     An   ointment, 
composed  of  lilies  and  some  aromatic  plants. — 
Gorrseus. 

CRINON,  Lilium  candidum. 
CRINONES,  see  Acne  punctata. 
URIOLLO.  Creole. 

CRIOMYX'OS.  In  antiquity,  one  who  had 
much  mucus  flowing  from  his  nasal  fossae,  like 
the  ram  :  from  K^ioi,  '  a  ram,'  and  /J«|a,  '  mucus.' 

CRISIS,  Dinc'riain,  DijuiUca'tin,  'decision;' 
from  (fpii'u),  '  I  decide.'  This  word  has  been  used 
in  various  acceptations.  Some  mean  by  criais  of 
a  disease,  when  it  augments  or  diminishes  consi- 
derably, becomes  transformed  into  another,  or 
ceases  entirely.  Some  have  used  the  word  to 
signify  only  the  favourable  changes  which  super- 
vene in  disease  ;  others,  for  the  change  going  on 
in  the  acme  or  violence  of  the  disease.  Others, 
again,  have  given  this  name  only  to  a  rapid  and 
favourable  change,  joined  to  some  copious  eva- 
cuation or  eruption  ;  whilst  others  have  applied 
the  term  to  the  symptoms  that  accompany  such 
change,  and  not  to  the  change  itself;  —  thus  in- 
cluding, under  the  same  denomination,  the  criti- 
cal phenomena  and  the  crisis. 

CRISPA'TION,  Crispntu'ra,  from  crispare, 
crispatum,  '  to  wrinkle.'  A  contraction  or  spas- 
raodic  constriction,  which  supervenes  in  certain 
parts,  either  spontaneouslj'  or  by  the  influence  of 
some  nioriiific  cause  or  therapeutical  agent.  The 
capillary  vessels  of  a  wound  are,  by  the  French, 
termed  crispes,  when,  immediately,  after  an  ope- 
ration, the  blood  does  not  flow  from  them.  The 
skin  is  said  to  be  erispee,  when  contracted,  and 
the  bulbs  of  the  hair  become  more  prominent. 
Crispntion  of  the  nerves  is  a  slight  convulsive 
motion  of  external  or  internal  parts,  much  less 
than  that  which  occurs  in  convulsion. 

CRISTA,  A mhe,  Ambon.  A  crest.  (F.)  Crgte. 
A  name  given  to  several  bony  projections;  also, 
to  the  clitoris. 

The  word  Crefes  (F.),  Crista,  is  also  used,  in 
France,  for  fimbriated  excrescences,  which  form 
at  the  anus,  and  near  the  genital  organs;  and  are 
commonly  owing  to  the  syphilitic  virus.  Cretes 
de  Coq  are  syphilitic  excrescences,  resembling,  in 
form,  the  crest  of  the  cock. 

Crista  Galli;  two  Latin  words,  signifying 
the  eomb  of  a  cock,  (F.)  Crete  de  I'ethmo'ide,  C. 
de  Coq.  A  flat,  triangular  process,  rising  above 
,tbe. cribriform  plate  of  the  ethmoid  bone,  and  re- 


sembling a  cock's  comb.     It  gives  attachment  to 
the  anterior  part  of  the  falx  cerebri. 

Crista  or  Crest  op  thk  Il'iiim,  is  the  supe- 
rior margin  of  the  ilium  : — the  Crista  or  Crest  of 
the  Tib'ia,  the  anterior  edge,  the  shin;  and  the 
Crista  or  Crest  of  the  Pubis,  the  posterior  sharp 
edge  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  bone.  Winslow 
calls  the  nymplia',  Cristm  of  the  clit'oris;  nnd 
Chaussier,  the  verumoutanum.  Crista  Urethra', 
lis,  Crest  of  the  Urelhrn. 

Crista  Intruna,  Frontal  Spine  —  c.  Sphcnoi- 
dalis,  Sphenoidal  spine  —  c.  Tibia;,  Shin  — c. 
Urethralis,  Gallinaginis  caput. 

Crista  Vkstib'ti-i,  Eminen'tia  pyramidu'lit. 
A  crest  which  divides  the  vestibule  of  the  car 
into  two  fossa;,  —  one  inferior  and  liemisplu'rical, 
called  Fo'vea  hemispha' rica.  Sinus  rotiiii' due;  tho 
other  superior  and  semi-elliptical,  Fo'vea  etlip. 
tica  seu  semi-ell ip'tica  seu  hemi-ellipl'ica,  Siiiui 
ovatus.  Morgagni  has  described  a  third  groove- 
like  fossa,  Jieces'sus  seu  Fo'vea  sulcifunii'is,  situ- 
ate at  the  mouth  of  the  common  orifice  of  the  two 
superior  semicircular  canals. 

CRISTiE  CLITORIDIS,  Nympha;. 
CRISTALLIN,  Crystalline. 
CRISTALLINE,    Mesembryanthemum    crys- 
tallinum. 

CRISTALLOIDITIS,  Phacitis. 
CRITHE,  Hordeolum,  Hordeum,  Penis. 
CRITHIDION,  Hordeolum. 
CRITHMUM  MARIT'IMUM,  Crithmnm,  Ca- 
chri/s  marit'iiua,  Fveiiic'ulum  tiiari'imni,  Samphiie, 
(F.)    Passe-plerre,    Perce-pierre,    Fenouil  marin, 
Bacih.     Firm  ill/,  Umbelliferae.     Se.r.  Stjst.    Pen- 
tandria  Digynia.     A  plant  which  grows  on  the 
sea-coasts,  has  a  spicy,  aromatic  flavour,  and  is 
used,  pickled,  as  a  condiment. 

The  Caaponga  of  Brazil  is  a  kind  of  crithmnm. 
CRIT'ICAL,  Crit'icus,  (F.)  Critique.     Bclonj;- 
ing  to  a  crisis. 

Critical  Days,  Dies  crit'ici  seu  judiento'rli 
seu  Deereto'rii  seu  Prin'cipes  seu  Radicu'Ua  seu 
Contemplab'iles  seu  Internun'cii,  (F.)  Juurs  cri- 
tiques, are  those  on  which  a  crisis,  it  is  imngincd, 
is  most  likely  to  happen.  According  to  Hippo- 
crates and  Galen,  tlie  greatest  number  of  fevers 
terminate  favourably  on  the  7th  day,  and  many 
on  the  14th;  —  these  two  days  being  the  most 
propitious.  Next  to  these  come,  in  order  of  effi- 
ciency, the  9th,  llth,  20th  or  21st,  17th,  5th,  4th, 
3d,  ISth,  27th,  and  2Sth.  The  si.\th  day  wns 
called  by  Galen,  the  Ti/rnnt,  rupuvvnj,  because 
the  crises  that  happened  then  were  generally  un- 
favourable. After  this,  the  most  utifavouraWe 
were  the  8th,  10th,  12th,  Ifith,  and  I'.lth.  The 
13th  was  a  sort  of  neutral  day  ;  the  crises  which 
happened  on  it  being  neither  favourable  nor  un- 
favourable. Days  were,  also,  divided  into  Infer- 
calary,  on  which  the  crises  happened  less  fre- 
quently, and  were  less  complete  than  on  tho 
critical  or  indicatory  ; — and  into  vacniil  and  noii- 
dec' retory,  on  which  a  crisis  hardly  ever  occurred. 
According  to  this  division,  they  were  enumerated 
as  follows  : 

Critical  days 7th,    14th,  20th,  27th,  34th, 

40th,  60th,  &c. 

Indicatory  days 4th,  llth,  17th,  24th,  Ac. 

Intercalary  days 3d,  5th,  6th,  9th,  Ac 

Non-decretory  days..2(i,  8th,  10th,  12th,  13th,  Ac. 

Fortunate  crises  were  considered  to  be  indi- 
cated by  favourable  signs  appearing  three  dayi 
before. 

CRITICAL  PERIOD,  see  Menses. 

CnrriQUE,  critical. 

CROCHET,  Crotchet. 

CROCIDISMUS,  Carphologia. 

CROCIDIXIS,  Carphologia. 


CROCINUM 


2  59 


CROUP 


CRO'CTNUM,   from   KpoKOi,    'saffron.'      Made 
with  saffron  ;  coloured  with  saffron. 

CROC(J'DES,  from  KpoKo^,  'saffron,'  and  eiioi, 
'  reseinV)lance.'     Certain  troches  into  which  saf- 
fr<m  entered  as  an  ingredient. — Paulus  of  iEgina. 
CUOCODrLKA,    Sterciis    Lacei'tce.     The  ex- 
croinents    of  the    crocodile,   which   the   Arabists 
extolled  as  a  remedy  for  cutaneous  diseases,  and 
which  was  long  used  as  a  cosmetic. 
CROCODILIUM,  Echinops. 
(,'UOCO.MA(i'MA,  from   Kpoxoi,  'saffron,'  and 
ijuyita,  '  a  iineafled  or  S()ueezed  mass.'     A   kind 
(if  iroch,  composed  of  saffron  and  spices. — Galen, 
Dioscorides,  Paulus  of  iEgina,  Scribonius  Largus. 
CROCUS,   C.  eati'viia  seu  officiiia'lis  seu  Aua- 
tiinciiH  seu  OrientiiTiK,  Medici' ita  Trist!t"i(B,  Pa- 
iiiK-e'a  veyclab'ilin,  Znffraii,   An'ima   Pulmo'num, 
Jiwia  floH,  Saffron,  (F.)  Sn/raii.    Order,  Iridaceae. 
The  stigmata.   Crocus  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  are  the  parts 
ii<ed  in  medicine.     They  are  brought  from    the 
East.     The  odour  is  aromatic,  and  the  taste  aro- 
iiiiitic,  pungent,  and   bitter:  —  the    colour   deep 
iirange  red.     Its  virtues  are  yielded  to  alcohol, 
wine,  vinegar  and  water.     Its  operation  has  been 
considered  stimulant,  exhilarating  and  diapho- 
retic.    It  is  not  much  used. 

Cake  Suffron  is  sometimes  met  with.  It  con- 
sists of  one  part  of  saffron  and  nine  of  marigold, 
niii<le  into  a  cake  with  oil,  and  pressed. 

Citocus,  Colcothar  —  c.  Antimonii,  Oxydum 
stibii  sulphuratum  —  c.  Austriacus,  Crocus  —  c. 
liermanicus,  Carthamus  tinctorius  —  a.  Indicus, 
Curcuma  longa — c.  Martis  adstringens,  Colcothar 
— c.  Miirtis  aperiens,  Ferri  subcarbonas — c.  Mar- 
tis vitriolatus,  Colcothar — c.  Metallorum,  Oxydum 
fiihii  sulphuratum — c.  Officinalis,  Crocus — c.  Ori- 
eiitalis.  Crocus — c.  Saracenicus,  Carthamus  tinc- 
torius— c.  Sativus,  Crocus. 

CROCYDISMUS,  Carphologia. 
CROIL,  Nanus. 

('nUrSE{F.),  Crucia'tHs,  Crossed.     An  epithet 
given  to  paralysis,  when  it  attacks  the  arm  of  one 
side  and  the  leg  of  another. 
CROrSEMKNT,  Crossing. 
CROISSAXCE,  Growth. 
CROISSAXCES,  Waxing  kernels. 
CROISSANTS,  Waxing  kernels. 
CltOlX  DE  MALTE,   Sple'nium   Cnicia'tnm, 
Maltese    Cross,    Cross    of    Malta.       A    compress, 
having   the   form   of  the    Maltese    cross.     It   is 
made  of  a  piece  of  square  linen,  folded  in  four, 
niid  divided  with  scissors  from  each  angle  to  a 
small  distancefrom  the  centre.     It  is  used  espe- 
cially after  amputation  of  the  fingers,  penis^  and 
liuibs. 

When  the  compress  is  cut  in  two  of  its  angles 
only,  it  is  called  the  Half  Maltese  Cross, — Demi- 
cro'ir  de  Matte. 
CUOK,  Nanus. 
CROMMYON,  Allium  cepa. 
CROMMYOXYREG'MIA,  from  Kpop/ivov,  'an 
onion,'  ofuj,  'acid,'  and  pnyvvpn,  'to   break  out.' 
Sour,  fetid  eructations,  exhaling  a  smell  similar 
to  that  of  onions. 

CROP  ALE.  Nerium  antidysentericum. 
CROOPRACKED,  see  Uuiiip. 
CROOPY,  Croupy. 
CRGPSIA,  Chromopsia. 
CROSS,  MALTESE,  Croix  de  Malte. 
CROSS-EYE.  Str-abismils. 
CROSSE  DE  UAORTE,  Arch  of  the  aorta. 
CROSSE  MITE.  Acarus  Crossii. 
CROSSES  PALM  AIRES,  Palmar  arches. 
CROSSFOOT,  see  Kyllosis. 
CROSSING,  (F.)   Croiscmenf,  Metissage.     The 
nniou  of  an  animal  of  one  race  with  one  of  an- 
other, in  order  to  improve  the  breed.     In  man, 
as  Well  as  in  animals,  the  union  of  near  relatives 


is  apt  to  deteriorate  the  offspring,  and  hence  cross- 
ing is  important  in  his  case. 

CROSSWORT,  Eupatorium  perfoliatum,  Lysi- 
machia  quadrifolia. 

CROTALOPIIORUS,  Crotalus  horridus. 
CROT'ALUS  HOR'RIDUS,  Crolahph'onis. 
The  Rattlesnake,  Cobra  di  Capello,  (F.)  Crotale. 
Class,  Reptilia,  Ord.  Ophidia.  A  venomous  rep- 
tile of  North  America.  Its  poison  is  virulent. 
It  is  so  called  from  the  rattle  in  its  tail,  (KporaXov, 
'  a  rattle,'  '  a  small  bell.') 

CROT'APHE,  Crota'^ih inm,  from  Kporaiiioi, 
'temple.'  Cephalal'yia  Piilsal'ih's,  Ccphala'a 
Pulsat'ilis,  Sph ifijmoccph' aliis.  A  pulsatory  pain, 
chiefly  in  the  temples,  with  drumming  in  the  ears. 
CROTAPIIITE  ARTERIES,  Temporal  ar- 
teries. 

CROTAPHITES,  Temporal  muscle. 
CROTAPIIIUM,  Crotaphe. 
CROTAPIIUS,  Temple,  Temporal  bone. 
CROTCHET,  Hamm.     A  small  hook  or  crook. 
(P.)   Crochet.     An  obstetrical  instrument,  whose 
name  indicates  its  shape,  and  which  is  used  in  the 
extraction  of  the  foetus,  when  it  becomes  necessary 
to  destroy  it  to  expedite  delivery.     Crotchets  are 
differently  formed  ;  some  are  sharp,  others  blunt; 
some  contained  in  a  sheath,  others  naked. 
CROTON  BENZOH,  Benjamin. 
Croton   CascARIl'la,  Cortex  Eletilhe'ria,  Cro- 
ton   Elenthe' rid  seu   Etnte'ria,    Cht'tia    Elnte'ria, 
Thus  JudoBo'rum,  Chacaril'lcF  cortex.  Cascaril'la, 
Eleute'riu,    Cascaril'la.       Order,    Euphorbiaceac. 
Sex.  Syst.  Monoecia    Monadelpliia.     (F.)     Qiiin- 
qiiiiia  arornatique,  Cascarille,  Chucrille.    The  bark 
of    Croton    Cascarilla    of    the    Bahamas,    Cortex 
Thnris,    Cascarilla,     (Ph.    U.    S.),     (P.)    Ecorce 
Sleutheriennc,  has  a  slightly  aromatic  odour,  and 
bitterish    aromatic    taste.       The    smoke    has  the 
odour  of  musk.     The  active  parts  are  an  essen- 
tial   oil  and    bitter   extractive.     They  are    com- 
pletely extracted  by  proof  spirit.     It  is  tonic  and 
stomachic.  Dose,  gr.  xv  to  ,^ss  or  more,  in  powder. 
Croton  Ef.euthkria,  Croton  cascarilla — c.  Ja- 
malgota,  C.  tiglium — c.  Lacciferum,  see  Lacca  — 
c.  Oil,  Croton  tiglium. 

Croton  PsKiTo-CHiNA,  Cnpalchc  hush.  A  South 
American  plant,  which  yields  a  bark — Cortex 
Copalche  seu  Copalchi,  very  like  that  of  Casca- 
rilla. 

Croton  Racemo'sum,  Beenel.  A  small  Mala- 
bar tree,  whose  aromatic  root,  boiled  in  oil  of 
sesame,  is  employed,  by  the  orientals,  as  a  lini- 
ment in  hcadach  and  rheumatism. 
Croton  Seers,  see  Croton  tiglium. 
CuotonTig'lium,  C.  J((H(«/(/o'(«,  Cudel-Avanacn. 
(P.)  Petit  Pi(jnon  d'Inde.  A  Ceylonese  plant, 
every  part  of  which  is  endowed  with  medicinal 
power.  The  root  is  a  drastic  cathartic  :  the  wood, 
Ll(jnv.m  Pava'no!,  Parana  wood,  and  the  seed, 
have  like  virtues.  The  seeds  have  been  long 
known  under  the  names,  Grana  MoIvc'ccb,  Til'ii 
Grann,  and  Grana  Tig'lii  seu  Tiij'lia,  Croton 
seeds.  Purging  nuts.  From  these  seeds  the  Croton 
Oil,  O'leuni  Tig'lii,  is  expressed.  It  is  of  a  pale, 
brownish-yellow  colour,  and  hot,  biting  taste; 
and  is  a  most  powerful  drastic  cathartic.  Dose, 
from  half  a  drop  to  three  drops,  made  into  pilla 
with  crumb  of  bread.  It  is  also  applied  exter- 
nally as  a  rubefacient,  3  to  5  drops  being  rubbed 
on  the  part;  or  one  part  of  the  oil  and  three  parts 
of  olive  oil  may  be  added  together,  and  a  little  ot 
this  be  rubbed  on. 

CROTO'NE,  KpoTuvr;.  A  fungus,  which  grows 
on  trees,  and  is  produced  by  an  insect,  from  <tporwc, 
'a  tick.'  By  extension,  applied  to  a  fungous 
tumour  developed  on  the  periosteum. 

CROUP,  Cynanche  trachealis  —  c.  Bronchial, 
Polypus  bronehialis — c.  Cerebral,  Asthma  thymi- 


CROUPE 


260 


CRURAL 


cum — c.  Cerebral  spnsmodic,  Carpo-pcdal  spasm — 
c.  Chronic,  Polypus  bronchialis  —  c.  Faux,  Asth- 
ma thviiiicuin,  see  Cynancho  trachcalis. 

Croup,  Hv.stkii'ic.  A  spasmodic  affection  of 
the  laryngeal  muscles  by  no  means  unfrequent  in 
hj'sterical  females,  —  the  paroxysm  consisting  in 
a  long  protracted,  loud  and  convulsive  cough, 
followed  at  times  by  crowing  respiration,  and 
by  dysjinoea  so  great  as  to  threaten  suffocation. 
The  treatment  is  that  advised  for  hysteria. 

Croi'p,  PsrcuDO,  Asthma  thymicum  —  c.  Pseu- 
do-nerxieitx,  Asthma  thymicum  —  c.  Spasmodic, 
see  Asthma  thymicum,  and  Cynanche  trachealis 
— c.  Spurious,  Asthma  thymicum. 

CROUPE,  see  Croupion. 

CROUPWN  {¥.),  Uropy<i';am,  Orm,  Orrhos, 
the  Jiiinip.  The  region  of  the  coccyx.  The  Crup- 
per, (F.)    Croupe. 

CROUP-LIKE  INSPIRATION  OF  IN- 
FANTS, Asthma  thymicum. 

CROUI'AL.  Croupy. 

CROUPOUS,  Croupy. 

CROUPY,  Croupous,  Crupo'Dus,  (F.)  Croupal. 
Relating,  or  appertaining  to,  or  resembling  croup; 
as  a  '  croupy  coagh.'     Hoarse.     (Prov.)  Croo^^y. 

CROnpy  l}iFhA}:i},tx'T10S, III fiamma'tiocroHpo'nn, 
is  the  inflammation  of  a  mucous  membrane,  at- 
tended with  a  pseudo-membranous  exudation. 

CROIJTE,  Crusta— c.  de  Lait,  Porrigo  larvalis 
— c.  Lfiiteuie,  Porrigo  larvalis. 

Cli  0  U  TE UX,  Cruxtace. 

CROWFOOT,  Geranium  maculatum— c.  Brist- 
ly, Ranunculus  Pennsylvanicus — -c.  Bulbous,  Ra- 
nunculus bulbosus  —  c.  Bulbous-rooted,  Ranun- 
culus bulbosus  —  c.  Celery-leaved,  Ranunculus 
oceleratus — c.  Crushed,  Ranunculus  sceleratus  — 
c.  Marsh,  Ranunculus  sceleratus  —  c.  Meadow, 
Ranunculus  acris — e.  Small-flowered,  Ranunculus 
abortivus — c.  Tall,  Ranunculus  acris — c.  Water, 
smaller,  Ranunculus  flammula. 

GROWLING,  Borborygmus. 

CROWN,  Coro'iin,  Sleph'aiie,  (G.)  Krone, 
(F.)  Coiironne.  In  anatomy,  this  name  is  given 
to  parts  of  a  circular  form,  which  surmount  other 
portions  of  the  same  body.  Thus,  the  Crown  of 
It  Tooth,  Ciro'nn  Dentin,  (F.)  Conronne  dii  Dent, 
is  the  portion  of  the  tooth  which  projects  above 
the  gum. 

CROWN  OF  THE  HEAD,  Vertex. 

Crown  of  the  Glans,  Coro'na  seu  Tor'ulus 
glandis,  (F.)  Couronne  dit,  gland,  is  the  round, 
ahnost  circular,  ring,  which  circumscribes  the 
base  of  the  glans. 

Crown  of  the  Trepan,  Modi'olua,  (F.)  Con- 
ronne da  Trepan,  is  a  species  of  saw,  in  form  of 
a  crown,  or  rather  of  a  portion  of  a  cylinder, 
having  grooves  on  its  external  surface,  and  teeth 
at  its  lower  extremity;  the  other  being  fitted  to 
the  handle  of  the  trepan. 

Crown  of  Venus,  Coro'na  Ven'eria,  Gutta  Rn- 
sa'cea  Syphilit'ica,  (F.)  Couronne  de  Venus.  Red, 
rosy  pustules,  dry  or  moist,  on  the  face;  but  par- 
ticularly on  the  forehead  and  temples,  owing  to 
constitutional  syphilis. 

CROWS'  BEAK-LIKE  PROCESS,  Coracoid 
process. 

CRU.  Crude. 

CRU'CIAL,  from  eru.r,  crucia,  'a  cross.'  Cru- 
cia'lis,  Cruciit'tus.  Having  the  shape  of  a  cross. 
Appertaining  to  a  cross. 

Crucial  Bandage,  T  Bandage. 

Crucial  Incis'ion,  Incisu'ra  cmcia'h's,  (F.) 
Incision  critciale.  An  incision  made  in  the  form 
of  a  cross.  Often  employed  for  exposing  the  cra- 
nium, for  the  purpose  of  applying  the  trepan. 

Crucial  Ligament  op  the  Atlas,  Annular 
ligament  of  the  Atlas. 

Ckucial  Lig'aments,    (P.)  Lif/amenta   croisia 


on  crucifiirmcs.  Two  strong  ligaments  within 
the  knee-joint.  The  anterior  passes  obliquely 
from  a  depression  anterior  to  the  spine  of  the 
tibia  to  the  posteri^)r  and  inner  part  of  the  e.\tor- 
nal  condyle  of  the  fomur  :  —  the  other,  the  pimie. 
rior,  extends  from  the  posterior  part  of  the  spine 
of  the  tibia  to  the  anterior  and  outer  part  of  tlie 
internal  condyle. 

CRUCIA'TI  DOLO'RES,  Excruciating  pain« 

CRUCIATUS,  Croise. 

CRU'CIliLE,  from  crux,  crucia,  'a  cross;'  jo 
called  —  it  has  been  supposed  —  from  being  made 
in  the  shape  of  a  cross,  or  from  having  a  cru>,< 
impressed  upon  it.  [?]  Crueib'ulmn,  Cnti'nm 
fiisii'rius,  Tigil'lum,  Alhot,  Ceinente'riiim,  If.) 
Creuset.  A  vessel  of  earth,  silver,  platinum, 
gold,  blacklead,  <fec.,  for  receiving  sul)stancc.i, 
which  have  to  be  exposed  to  a  strong  heat.  It 
is  sometimes  covered  with  a  toj}  or  lid.  (F.)  Cuii- 
vercle, 

CRU'CIFORM,  from  crux,  crucia,  'a  cros.",'aii'l 
forma,  'shape;'  Cruciform' is,  Cross-shaped.  A 
name  given  to  the  ligaments  which  close  the  ar- 
ticulations of  the  phalanges;  and  likewise  to  the 
crucial  ligaments. 

CRUDE,  Crudus,  Omu8,  (F.)  Cru.  Raw,  un- 
ripe,  not  concocted. 

CRUDITAS  MORBI,  see  Crudity— c.  Ventri- 
culi,  see  Crudity. 

CRU'DITY,  Cru'dilas,  Om'otea,  Status  Crmli- 
ta'tis,  fTomcriidus,  'crude,'  *  unprepared,' /hcoc'/ih. 
Jiawness,  Cnideness.  This  has  received  sevenil 
acceptations.  1.  It  expresses  the  quality  of  cer- 
tain aliments,  which  have  not  experienced  the 
action  of  tire.  2.  The  condition  of  matters  in  tlio 
digestive  tube,  which  have  not  undergone  the  di- 
gestive changes — cru'ditas  ventric'uli ;  and,  3.  In 
the  language  of  the  Humorists,  it  means  the  con- 
dition of  the  morbific  matter  in  a  sick  individual, 
cru'ditas  morbi,  when  it  has  not  yet  been  [jri-- 
pared  or  concocted  by  the  action  of  the  organs— 
Azi/m'ia  huino'runi. 

'Ihe  word  is  used  in  the  plural,  Cru'dltica,  syno- 
nymously  with  crude  matters.  (F.)  3/aliires  cniit. 
It  is  applied  to  those,  when  contained  in  the  stu- 
mach  and  intestines. 

CRUE,  Growth. 

CRUELS,  Herpes  Zoster,  Scrofula. 

CRUKNTA  EXSPUITIO,  H.-cmoptysis. 

CRUES  (Matieres),  see  Crudity. 

CRU.ME'NA  VESI'CiE.  The  cavity  of  the 
urinary  bladder. 

CRUOR.  Coagulated  blood,  gore.  The  signi- 
fication of  this  word  is  very  vague.  It  has  been 
used  to  designate  blood  in  general,  venous  blood, 
extravasated  or  coagulated  blood,  and  the  colour- 
ing matter. 

Cruor  Sanguinis,  see  Blood. 

CRUORIN,  Hicmatin. 

CRUPOSUS,  Croupy. 

CRUPPER,  Croupion— c.  Bone,  Coccyx. 

CRUPSIA,  Metamorphopsia. 

CRURA.  The  plural  of  cms,  'a  leg.'  (F.) 
Cuisse.  Applied  to  some  parts  of  the  body,  fruiu 
their  resemblance  to  legs  or  roots ;  as  the  Crura 
cerebri.  Crura  cerebelli,  &c. 

Crura  Anteriora  Medull.b  Oblongat;F.,  Pi'- 
duncles  of  the  brain — c.  Cerebelli,  Peduncles  of 
the  cerebellum — c.  Cerebelli  ad  Corpora  Qnadri- 
gemina,  see  Peduncles  of  the  cerebellum  — c. 
Cerebelli  ad  Pontcm,  see  Peduncles  of  the  cere- 
bellum—  c.  Cerebri,  Peduncles  of  the  brain  — f- 
Clitoridis  interna,  Bulbus  vestibuli— c  MedulliC 
oblongata;.  Corpora  restiformia,  Thalami  nervo- 
rum opticorum,  see  Peduncles  of  the  cerebellnit 
— c.  Posteriora  medullas  oblongatae,  Peduncles 
of  the  cerebellum. 

CRURiBUS,  Cruralis. 

CRURAL,    Crura'lia,   from   crua,   cruris,  'th« 


CRURAL  ARCH 


2G1 


CRYPTA 


thigh,  and   lower  limb.'     What   belongs   to  the  | 
thigh  or  lower  limb. 

CuuFtAL  Aitcii,  fn'giiinal  or  Fem'oral  Arch, 
(F.)  Arritilc  cnirale  ou  hif/iiiitale  (Ch.),  Pou- 
I'ARt's  Liij'ument,  L.  uf  FdUo'piitn.  This  arch  is 
furmcd  by  tiie  intoriiul  portion  of  the  inferior  edge 
of  tiie  aiioneuro^iis  of  the  obliriuus  e^ternus  mus- 
cle, which  is  attiiched,  at  one  end,  to  the  pubis ; 
at  the  other,  to  the  anterior  and  superior  spinous 
process  of  the  ilium.  At  its  posterior  and  inner 
part,  the  aponeurosis,  forming  the  arch,  sends  ofl" 
a  fidciform  reflection,  which  is  attached  along  the 
crest  of  the  pubis,  and  is  known  under  the  name 
of  (iiMBKitNAT's  Li(j((iiieiit.  Beneath  this  arch, 
the  vessels,  nerves,  and  muscles  make  their  exit 
from  the  pelvis  to  the  thigh. 

CllURAL  AuTEllY,  Arte'ria  Cnira'lia,  Fem'oral 
Aitr.ry,  (F.)  Aitire  crurule,  A.  Pdvi-critralc, — 
(Ch.,)  is  the  continuation  of  the  e.\ternal  iliac, 
ll,  e.\tend8  from  the  crural  arch  to  the  aperture 
in  the  triceps,  or  to  the  ham.  Chaussier  applies 
the  name  Artere  entrale  to  the  trunk,  which  ex- 
lends  from  the  primitive  or  common  iliac  to  the 
tibial  arteries — embracing,  of  course,  the  external 
iliac,  femoral,  and  popliteal. 

CllOItAI,  Canal,  Cntml  Ring,  Fem'oral  caunl 
or  n'iKj.  M.  Jules  C'loquet  has  described  this  canal 
with  minuteness,  and  given  it  the  name  Annenn 
vrurnl,  Anneuu  femoral.  It  is  nearly  an  inch 
lung,  triangular,  more  spacious  above  than  below, 
and  shorter  and  broader  in  the  female  than  in  the 
male.  Its  upper  orifice  is  bounded,  anteriorly, 
by  the  crural  arch;  posteriorly,  by  the  crista  of 
the  pubis ;  on  the  outer  side  by  the  psoas  and 
iliacus  muscles,  covered  by  the  iliac  aponeurosis, 
and,  at  the  inner,  by  Gimbernat's  ligament.  This 
orifice  is  covered  by  the  peritoneum,  and,  accord- 
ing to  M.  Cbxiuet,  is  closed  by  a  more  or  less 
resisting  septum,  which  he  has  named  Septum 
cnu-a'le,  Crural  septum.  In  its  course,  the  crural 
canal  has  its  anterior  parietes  formed  by  the  super- 
ficial expansion  of  the  fascia  lata  :  the  posterior 
by  the  pcctineus,  covered  by  the  deep-seated  ex- 
pansion of  the  fascia;  and  more  externally  by  the 
jisoas  and  iliacus  muscles,  covered  by  an  expan- 
sion of  the  foKcia  illaca.  Its  inferior  orifice  is 
fcirmed  by  the  foramen  of  the  fascia  lata,  which 
gives  passage  to  the  vena  saphiena.  It  is  at  the 
upper  orifice  of  this  canal,  that  Femoral  or  Crural 
Ifenila,  Jlenu'e  iiiguitiale  of  Chaussicr,  occurs : 
which  would  be  more  common,  were  it  not  for 
the  fibrous  cellular  septum  there  situate. 

Crural  Nervk  proceeds  from  the  lumbar 
plexus,  and  is  situate  at  the  outer  side  of  the 
psoas  muscle  and  crural  artery.  After  it  has 
passed  under  the  crural  arch,  it  divides  into 
cutaneous  and  muscular  branches.  One  of  the 
brnnehes,  which  is  larger  than  the  rest,  is  called 
the  S(iph(F.'na  nerre.  It  gives  off  filaments  to  the 
inleguments  of  the  knee,  to  the  inner  part  of  the 
leg,  and  to  the  dorsal  surface  of  the  foot.  The 
remainder  of  the  branches  of  the  crural  are  dis- 
tributed to  the  anterior  and  inner  part  of  the 
thigh.  The  Ac'ceseory  of  the  Crural  Xcrre  is  a 
term  given  to  the  4th  and  5th  pairs  of  lumbar 
nerves. 

Crural  Plexus  of  Chaussicr  is  the  union  of 
the  anterior  branches  of  the  last  four  pairs  of 
Itimhar  nerves,  and  the  first  four  sacral;  forming 
the  lumbar  and  sacral  plexuses  of  most  anato- 
mists. 

Ciutral  Ring,  Crural  canal  —  c.  Septum,  see 
Crural  canal. 

Crural  Vein,  Fem'oral  Vein,  has  the  same 
RrranKcment  as  the  artery.     It  receives  only  one 
great  branch,  the  saphtvna. 
CRURAL,  Triceps  cruris. 

Crura'lis,  Crurm'un.  A  part  of  the  Triceps 
crural  of  the  French,  or  of  the  Tri/emororotulien 


of  Chaussicr.  The  cruralis  is  situate  at  the  ante- 
rior, outer,  and  inner  part  of  the  thigh.  It  arises, 
fleshy,  from  between  the  two  trochanters,  adheres 
firmly  to  most  of  the  fore  part  of  the  os  femoris, 
and  is  inserted,  tendinous,  into  the  ujiper  part  of 
the  patella,  behind  the  rectus.  Its  use  is  to  assist 
the  vasti  and  rectus  in  the  extension  of  the  leg. 
Under  J/iiwie  Tricepn  Crural,  the  French  describe 
the  cruralis  and  the  two  vasti.  Some  small  mus- 
cular slips,  sometimes  found  under  the  cruraeus 
muscle,  and  inserted  into  the  capsular  ligament 
of  the  knee-joint,  have  been  called  Sub-crurce'i. 

CRURIS  RADIUS,  Fibula. 

CRUS,  Leg,  Thigh — c.  Fornicis,  see  Fornix. 

CRUST,  Eschar— c.  Milk,  Porrigo  larvalis. 

CRUSTA.  A  crust  or  scab.  (F.)  Crofite.  An 
assemblage  of  small  flakes,  formed  by  the  drying 
up  of  a  fluid  secreted  by  tlie  skin. 

The  lining  membrane  of  the  stomach  and  in- 
testines has  been  called  Crusta  villo'sa. 

Crusta  Adamaxtina  Destium,  Enamel  of  the 
teeth. 

Crusta  Genu  Eqiti'n^,  Hippogouyol'epus, 
Sweat  or  Knee  Scab,  Mock  or  Encircled  Hoof 
Knees,  Hangers,  Dew  Claws,  Night  Eyes,  Horse 
Crust.  This  morbid  secretion  from  the  horse  has 
been  advised  in  cases  of  epilepsy.  It  is  used  ia 
the  form  of  powder  (gr.  ij  to  gr.  xx),  and  of 
tincture.  , 

Crusta  Inflammatoria,  Coriura  phlogisticum 
—  c.  Lactea,  Porrigo  larvalis,  P.  lupinosa  —  c. 
Membranacea,  Peristronia — c.  Petrosa,  see  Tooth 
— c.  Phlogistica,  Corium  phlogisticum — c.  Pleure- 
tica,  Corium  phlogisticum — c.  Pruriginosa,  Gutta 
rosea— c.  Serpiginosa,  Gutta  rosea — c.  Vermicu- 
laris,  Peristroma  —  c.  Villosa  lingua},  see  Tongue 
— c.  Villosa  ventriculi,  see  Stomach. 

CRUST  AC £,  (F.)  Alibert  has  substituted  this 
word,  in  his  Nosology,  for  crodteux,  'crusty.' 
Having  crusts  or  scabs;  as  Dartre  crustacee. 

CRUS'TULA.  Diminutive  of  Crusta.  A 
small  shell  or  scab.  An  ecchj'mosis  of  the  con- 
junctiva. 

CRUSTUMI'NATUM.  A  rob,  prepared  from 
the  I'yra  Crustunii'na  or  Crustumeri'na,  (so  called 
from  Crustuminum,  a  town  in  Italy,  where  they 
grew,)  boiled  with  honey  or  in  rain-water. — 
Aetius. 

CRUT,  Nanus. 

CRUX  CERVI.  An  ancient  appellation  for 
the  bone  in  the  heart  of  the  stag.  It  was  once 
considered  useful  in  diseases  of  the  heart. 

CRY,  Clamor,  Boc,  (F.)  Cri.  The  sound  of 
the  unarticulated  voice.  The  native  voice,  which 
the  idiot  and  deaf  possess  equally  with  the  man 
of  genius  and  hearing.  The  cry  of  the  new-born 
child  has  been  called  Yagi'tus,  (F.)  Vagissement. 
Wc  say,  ''A  cry  of  joy,  of  pleasure,  of  pain," 
&c.,  according  to  the  expression  which  it  may 
convev  to  the  hearer. 

CRYING,  Parturition. 

CRYING-OUT,  Parturition. 

CRYAIO'DES,  from  k/wijos,  'cold.'  A  conti- 
nued fever,  Febris  crymo'des,  in  which  the  inter- 
nal parts  feel  hot,  and  the  external  cold ;  and 
which  was  attributed  to  an  erysipelatous  inflam- 
mation of  the  lungs. — Aetius,  Gorraeus. 

CRYMODYN'IA,  from  Kpufiui,  'cold,'  and  oSwn, 
'pain.'  Chronic  rheumatism,  and  all  its  modifi- 
cations.— Baumes. 

CRYMO'SIS,  from  Kpv/ios,  'cold.'  Diseases 
caused  bv  the  action  of  cold. — Baumes. 

CRYP'SOR'CIIIS,  from  k^.vitt^,  'I  conceal,' 
and  op)(^tf,  'a  testicle.'  Cryptor'chis,  Testicon'dus, 
One  in  whom  the  testes  have  not  descended  into 
the  scrotum.  The  state  is  called,  Cryptorchidis'. 
7nus.  Parorchid'ium. 

CRYPTA,  from  Kpvnro;,  'concealed.'  Follic'- 
tdose   gland,   Lacu'na,    Follic'ulus,    (F.)    CryptCf 


CRTPTE 


2f)2 


CUDlTO-CARriEN 


FoIIlcuJe.  A  cri/pt  or  follicle  is  a  pmall,  round- 
ish, hollow  body,  sitUiUe  in  the  subsbinee  of  the 
skin  or  mucous  membranes — Cri/pta  mnco'm, 
FoUic'nhiH  wi(co'«i(s— and  constantly  pouring  the 
fluid,  which  it  secretes,  on  their  surfaces. 

The  use  of  the  cryptal  or  follicular  secretion, 
is  to  keep  the  parts  on  which  it  is  poured  supple 
and  moist,  and  to  preserve  them  from  the  action 
of  irritating  bodies  with  which  they  have  to  come 
in  contact. 

The  little  rounded  appearances  at  the  ends  of 
the  small  arteries,  in  the  cortical  substance  of  the 
kidney,  are  also  called  CrtjptcE, 
Crypta  Mucosa,  see  Crypta. 
Cevpt.*:      LieberkUiinian^,     Lieberkiihn's 
glands — e.  Sebaceae,  Sebaceous  glands. 
CRYPTE,  Crvpta. 

CRYPTOCEPH'ALTJS,  from  Kpvitros,  'con- 
cealed,' and  KcipuXri,  '  head.'  A  monster  whose 
head  is  excessively  small,  and  does  not  appear 
externally. — G.  St.  Hilaire. 

CRYPTOCOCCUS,  Fermentum,  Torula  cere- 
visiie — c.  Cerevisiae,  Torula  cerevisia. 

CRYPTODID'YMUS,  Fatus  iuf<vt>i.  A  mon- 
strosity, in  which  one  foetus  is  found  contained 
in  another. 

CRYPTOG'AMOUS,  Crypfocjam'te,  Cnjplo- 
g^ni'ieiis;  from  xpuTros,  'concealed,'  and  ya/ios, 
'raurriage.'  An  epithet  applied  by  botanists  to 
plants  whose  organs  of  fructification  are  concealed 
or  not  manifest.  Ag'aiiioita  plants  are  those  whose 
sexual  organs  are  not  known. 

CR\'PTOPY''IC,    Cri/ptopy'lcits,    from   kpvttu), 
'I  conceal,'  and  rrvov,  'pus.'     A  state  of  disease, 
kept  up  by  an  occult  abscess. 
CRYPfOPYICUS,  Crvptopyie. 
CRYPTORCIIIDISMUS,  see  Crypsorchis. 
CRYPTORCIIIS,  Crypsorchis. 
CRYPTS   OP  LIEBERKtJHN,  see  Intestine 
.— c.  Synovial,  Bursje  mucosae. 

CRYSTAL,  MINERAL,  Potassae  nitras  fusus 
sulpliatis  paucillo  mixtus. 

CRY'STAL'LL     Vesicles  filled  with  a  watery 
fluid.     They  are   also   called   cryntal' Zincs.     Pro- 
bably the  pemphigus  of  modern  writers. 
CnysTALr,i  LuN.E,  Argenti  nitras. 
OR  YSTALLIN,  Crystalline. 
CRYSTAL'LINA,   from    K^yoraXXos,   'crystal.' 
A  vesicle  or  phlj'ctajna,  filled  with  serum,  and 
appearing  on  the  prepuce  or  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
anus,  surrounded  by  a  reddish  extravasated  aure- 
ola.    It  may  be  syphilitic  or  not.     See  Crystalli. 
Crystallina  Tunica,  Arachnoid  mcmijrane. 
CRYS'TALLINE,  CnjntaVUnu8.     Having  the 
appearance  of  crystal. 

Cuys'tallixb,  CnjH'tnlline  humour  or  Lens  or 
Body,  Crystal' liitnif.  Lens  cri/ntul'lina  sen  crystnl- 
lo'i'des.  Corpus  Ort/ntal'linitin  seu  Disco'i'clei  seu 
Cryitallo'i'den  seu  Phiicni'des,  Humor  crt/nliil'liiius 
seu  (ilncin'liH,  Phdce,  Phncea,  Phacim,  Gemma  Oc'- 
iili,  (F.)  Urixtdl/iii  ou  Cri/ntulliii,  Hiimenr  cri/ntiil- 
line, Corps  cri/itul/iii  seaphacoide,  Le?itil/e  crystal- 
line. A  lenticular,  transparent  body,  situate  be- 
tween the  vitreous  and  aqueous  humours  of  the 
eye,  at  the  union  of  the  anterior  third  with  the  two 
posterior  thirds  of  the  organ.  It  is  composed  of  a 
soft  exterior  substance  ;  and  an  interior,  composed 
of  an  albuminoid-  substance,  called  Crys'talliue 
or  Krys'talUne  by  Iliinefeld,  (F.)  Crystalline, 
forming  a  solid  nucleus,  in  which  a  number  of 
elliptical  layers  is  perceptible.  It  is  contained 
in  a  capsule,  called  Tii'nica  ara'nca  seu  crystal'- 
Itnn,  Cup'sula  lentls,  and  receives,  at  its  posterior 
surface,  a  small  branch  of  the  central  artery  of 
the  retina,  which  is  always  readily  distinguish- 
able in  the  foetus,  prior  to  the  seventh  mouth  of 
utero-gestation. 

The  use  of  the  crystalline  is  to  refract  the  r.iys 
of  light,  and  to  serve  as  an  achromatic  glass :  for 


which  its  laminae  or  layers,  increasing  in  rofrnc- 
tive  power  from  the  circumference  to  the  centre, 
admirablv  adapt  it. 

CRYSTALLINO-CAPSULITIS,  see  Phacitis. 
CRYSTALLION,  Plantago  psyllium. 
CRYSTALLITIS,  Phaciti.s. 
CRY'S'TALLOID,  Crystalhn'des,  irom.  Kfveray. 
Aos,   'crystal,'   and    £«5os,   'form,'   '  resemlilaiifc.' 
Resembling  crystal  or  the  crystalline.     Tlio  ruji. 
sule  or   viemhrane   of  the  crystalline.     Also,  the 
crystalline  itself. 

CRYSTALLUS  MINERALIS,  Potassae  nitras 
fusus  sulphatis  paucillo  mixtus. 

CRYSTALS,  BLOOfi,  Ilamatoidin. 
CRYSTAUX  D'HEMATIXE,  Ila>matoidin. 
CRYTIIE,  Hordeolum. 
CTEDON,  Fibre. 
CTEIS,  Pnbes. 

CTESIPllON'TIS    MALAG'MA.     A  plaster 
employed  and  described  by  Celsus. 
CUBA,  see  Havana. 
CUBAL  SINI,  Piper  cubeba. 
CUBATIO,  Decubitus. 
CUBEBA.  Piper  Cubeba. 
CUBIFORMIS,  Cuboid. 
CUBIT,  Ulna— e.  Top  of  the.  Olecranon. 
CU'BITAL,  Ciihita'lis,   Ulnar,  Ulna'ris.     Con- 
nected  with   or  relating  to  the  cubitus,  or  to  the 
inner  and  posterior  part  of  the  forearm. 

Cubital  Artery,  Arte'ria  cuhita'lis,  A.  nlm'- 
ris,  arises  from  the  humeral  a  little  beluw  the 
bend  of  the  elbow ;  proceeds  along  the  anterior 
and  inner  part  of  the  forearm  ;  passes  anterior  to 
the  ligamentum  annulare  of  the  carpus,  and  Roes 
to  form,  in  the  palm  of  the  hand,  the  superticiid 
palmar  arch.  Besides  the  numerous  nuisciiliir 
branches,  which  it  gives  off  in  its  course,  it  sends 
posteriorly  the  common  trunk  of  the  iutervsieum 
arteries,  and  internally,  the  two  cubital  renir- 
rents,  anterior  and  posterior, — articular  briincho.«, 
which  anastomose  on  the  inside  of  the  elbow  with 
the  divisions  of  the  humeral  artery. 

Cubital  Muscles  are  two  in  number.  I.  The 
Cubita'lis  ante'rior  seu  inter'nus,  Flexor  (xiijii 
ulna'ris,  Ulna'ria  inter'nus,  Epitrochli-cuhilo-cur- 
pien,  Cnbito-carpic-n  —  (Ch.),  is  a  long  muscle, 
situate  at  the  anterior  and  inner  part  of  the  fore- 
arm. It  arises  from  the  inner  condyle  of  the  os 
humeri,  at  the  inner  side  of  the  olecranon,  and 
from  the  posterior  edge  of  the  ulna,  and  is  in- 
serted by  a  tendon  into  the  os  pisiforme.  Us 
use  is  to  bend  the  hand  on  the  forearm,  by  di- 
recting it  slightly  inwards.  2.  The  CMtulia 
poste'rior  seu  exter'nus,  E.rten'sor  Carpi  ulna  ri», 
Ulna'ris  exter'nus,  Cubite'us  exter'nus,  Cubilo-im- 
metacarpien  —  (Ch.),  is  situate  at  the  posterior 
part  of  the  forearm.  It  arises  from  the  externiil 
condyle  of  the  os  humeri,  and  is  inserted  into  the 
superior  extremity  of  the  fifth  bone  of  the  meta- 
carpus. Its  use  is  to  extend  the  hand,  inclining 
it  a  little  inwards. 

Cubital  Nerve,  Ulnar  nerve,  Cnhito-diyim— 
(Ch.),  is  furnished  by  the  last  two  or  three  nerves 
of  the  brachial  plexus,  and  is  distributed  to  the 
inner  and  anterior  side  of  the  forearm;  to  the 
inner  part  of  the  palm  and  of  the  back  of  the 
hand,  and  to  the  last  two  or  three  fingers. 

Cubital  Veins,  deep-seated,  and  the  Recur- 
rent cubital  veins,  accompany  the  corresponding 
arteries.     The  superficial  cubital  veins  belong  t'l 
the  basilic.  Chaussier  calls  theinci(^a'«eoM»cii6i'a(. 
CUBITALE  (OS).  Cuneiform  bone. 
CUBITALIS  RIOLANI,  see  Anconeus. 
CUBITEUS  EXTERNUS,  see  Cubital  muscles. 
CUBITO-CARPIEN,  see  Cubital  muscies-c 
Cutnne  (nerf),  Cutaneous  nerve  — c.  PWanj*'- 
tien    cornmun,    Flexor    profundus    perforans-"''' 
Radi-sus-metacnrjnen  dii  ponce.  Abductor  longuJ 
poUicis — c.  Radial,  Pronator  radii  quadratus. 


CUBITO-SUPRAPALMARIS        203 


CULBICIO 


CUniTO-SUPRAPALMA'RIS.  Belonging 
to  the  cubitus  and  to  the  supra-palmar  or  dorsal 
surface  of  the  hand.  Chaussicr  gives  this  name  : 
1.  To  a  small  artery,  which  is  given  off  by  the 
cuhital  or  ulnar,  a  little  above  the  wrist.  2.  To 
a  vein,  which  accompanies  this  artery. 

(JUniTO-SUS-METAVAltPIBN,  see  Cubital 
muscles  —  e.  Sun-niitncarpieii  d it  ponce,  Abductor 
longus  poUicis  —  c.  Siin-I'lKtlnnijettieii  de  l' index, 
Extensor  proprius  indicis  —  c.  Sun-phdliuificttien 
da  police,  E.  longus  ))ollicis  —  c.  ISiia-phalungien 
dii  poiife,  K.  pollicis  brevis. 

C  II '15 IT  US,  «c«/3irov,  Ci/'hiton.  The  E/botc. 
Also,  one  of  the  bones  of  the  forearm.  See  Ulna, 
and  Forearm. 

Ci'»iTi-s,  (F.)  Coudee,  the  ancient  name  of  a 
measure  18  inches  long. 

CuBfTus  CosTyK,  see  Costa  —  c.  Supinus,  see 
Decubitus. 

CU'BOID,    Ciihoi'dcs,   CiihoY'deiis.    Cnho'deH, 
Cubifor'uiis,  Cflho'i'dee,  Ciptoi'deK,    Gnnidiuu' miin 
OS,  Ten' Ultra,   Tenneras  on,  Os   vtt' rium,^  from  kv/Sos, 
'a  cube,' and  t(&os, 'form.'     Having  the  form  of 
a  cube.     This  name  was  given  by  Galen  to  one 
of  tlie  bones  of  the  tarsus,  and  is  still  retained. 
It  is  situiite  at  the  anterior  and  outer  part  of  the 
tarsus;  and  is  articulated,  behind,  with   the  cal- 
eaneum ;    before,   with    the    last    two    metatarsal 
bones,  and  ivithin,  with  the  third  os  cunciforme, 
and  sometimes  with  the  scaphoides.     Its  inferior 
gurfnee  has  an  oblique  groove  for  the  tendon  of 
the  peroneun  loiifjux. 
CUCKOLD,  Arctium  lappa. 
CUCKOO  FLOWKK,  Cardamine  pratensis. 
CUCKOW  15READ,  Oxalis  acetosella. 
CUCKOW  PINT,  Arum  maculatum. 
CUCU'PALUS    BEIIRN,    Jiehen    offieina'rum 
scu  vttlija' fin,  Siie'ue  in/lu'ta  seu  crasni/o'lia  seu 
Tlio'rei,    Vinca'tjo    behen.     This   plant   was   once 
considered  alexipharmic  and  cordial.     It  is  the 
Spitllinr/  Poppy. 

CUCULLAlilS,  Trapezius. 
CUCULA'TUM  MAJUS.     A  barbarous  term, 
used  hv  Kiiland,  for  brandy  and  spirit  of  wine. 
CUCULLATA,  Sanicula. 

CUCULLUS,    CoHvrcchef,    Cucupha,    Infundi- 
buluin  of  the  cochlea. 
CUCULUS,  Coccyx,  Pertussis. 
CUCUMBER,  Cucumis  sativus — c.  Asses,  Mo- 
mordica  claterium — c.  Indian,  Medeola  Virginica 
— c.  Squirting  or  wild,  Momordica  elaterium — c. 
Star,  one-seeded,  Sycios  angulatus — c.  Tree,  Mag- 
nolia acuminata. 
CUCUMEK,  Cucumis  sativus. 
CIKJUMIS,    Penis  —  c.   Agrestis,    Momordica 
claterium. 

Cn'ctuirs  Cot.OCYx'THls,  Oitrul'lua  Colocynthis. 
Officinal  names  of  the  Colocynth  or  Bitter  Apple, 
Colocijii'this,  Coloqitint'ida,  Alhnn'dal  (Arab.), 
Bitter  Gonrd,  Bitter  Cucumber,  (P.)  Coloqitiiitc. 
Ord.  Cucurbitaceae.  Sex.  Si/st.  Moncecia  Mona- 
delphia.  A  Turkey  and  Cape  of  Good  Hope 
plant.  Tlie  spongy  part  or  medulla  of  the  fruit, 
Colocyn'tlildis  seu  Ciirtt'merln  Coloci/n'thidia 
Pulpa,  Co/oci/nthis  (Ph.  U.  S.),  has  a  bitter,  nau- 
seous, and  acrimonious  taste,  and  is  a  strong 
cathartic,  acting  chiefly  on  the  upper  part  of  the 
intestines.  It  is  scarcely  ever  used,  except  in 
combination. 

CpcuMis  Mri.o.  The  systematic  name  of  the 
Melon  Plant,  Jfelo,  Common  Melon,  (¥.)  Melon. 
The  fruit  is  an  agreeable  article  of  diet,  but  not 
very  digestible,  unless  when  ripe.  The  seeds 
possess  nincilaginous  properties. 

CrcrMis  Sati'vi-s.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  Cn'ciiiiiber  plant,  Citcnmis,  Ant/on'rion,  Gitre'- 
oluK,  Cii'ciimer  or  Citr'vimer,  from  its  curved 
»hnpe.  (F.)  Concombrc  ordinaire.  The  citenm- 
itr,  coweuinber,  is  used,  when  young,  as  a  pickle. 


when  it  is  called  a  Gherkin,  (F.)  Cormchon.  It 
is  not  a  fruit  easy  of  digestion.  The  seeds  are 
mucilaginous. 

An  ointment  of  green  cucumbers  —  cucumber 
ointment — is  used  as  a  cooling  salve.  It  is  made 
by  combining,  by  means  of  heat,  the  juice  of 
(/reen  ciicunibern  with  lord  and  veal  and, 

Cuci:mis  SyLVESTRis,  Momordica  elaterium. 

CU'CUPHA,  Cu'cullus,  Pi'leiis,  Sac'cnlnn  ce- 
pjhal'icns.  A  sort  of  coif  or  cap,  with  a  double 
bottom,  between  which  is  enclosed  a  mixture  of 
aromatic  powders,  having  cotton  for  an  excipient. 
It  wa.s  formerly  used  as  a  powerful  cephalic. 

CUCUR'BITA,  d  curvitate,  owing  to  its  shape. 
A  gourd.     (F.)  Citronille.     See  Cupping-glass. 

CucuitBiTA  AxcuuiA,  C.  citrullus. 

Cuccn'BiTA  Citkul'i.us,  C.  Angn'ria  seu  pin- 
natif'ida.  The  systematic  name  of  the  Wttter- 
melon  plant;  Oitrul'lus,  Anr/u'ria,  Tetrauiju'ria, 
Sicilian  Citrnl,  Water-melon.  Ord.  Cucurbi- 
taceae; Sex.  Si/Ht.  Monoecia  Monadelphia.  (F.) 
Melon  d'eau,  Punteipie.  The  juice  of  the  fruit  is 
very  abundant,  whence  its  name.  The  Witter- 
melon  is  extremely  refreshing  and  agreeable,  w  hen 
made  cool,  and  is  eaten  like  the  common  melon. 
It  is  very  much  used  in  the  United  States. 

CdcuitBiTA  Lkica.ntha,  C.  lagenuria. 

Cucur'bita  Pkpo,  J'epo.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  Common  Pompion  or  Pumpkin,  Cueur'bita. 
The  seeds  of  this  plant,  as  well  as  those  of  Cu-  ' 
cur'bita  Inyena'ria,  Bottle-gonrd,  contain  a  large 
proportion  of  oil,  capable  of  forming  emulsion?. 
They  have  been  recommended  in  cases  of  tape- 
worm, in  the  dose  of  f5ss.  The  fixed  oil  of  the 
seeds  has  been  given,  with  success,  in  the  same 
cases,  in  the  dose  of  half  a  fluid  ounce. 

Both  the  fruit  of  Cucur'bita  Lagk.va'ria,  G. 
leucati'tha,  Pepo  lai/eiin'riiis,  (F.)  Calebasnen,  and 
that  of  Ciicuh'bita  Pkpo,  Pepo  vulya'rin,  {¥.) 
Potiron,  Couri/e,  are  eaten. 

CticuRBiTA  Pin.vatifida,  C.  citrullus. 

CVCURlilTA  TN,  Cucurbitinus. 

CUCURBITATIO,  Cupping. 

CUGURIUTE,  see  Alembic. 

C  U  C  U  R  B  I T I '  N  U  S,  (F.)  Cucurbitin.  This 
name  was  formerly  given  to  the  Tcenia  solium, 
because  composed  of  rings  which  resemble  the 
seeds  of  the  yourd, — cucurbita.  The  ancients 
believed,  that  the  rings,  which  are  sometimes 
discharged,  were  so  many  separate  worms.  See 
Ta>ni<).. 

CUCURBITULA,  Cupping-glass. 

CucunBiTULA;  CuaENTyE,  Cupping  with  the  sca- 
rificator— c.  cum  Ferro,  Cupping  with  the  scari- 
ficator— c.  Siccae,  Cupping,  dry. 

CUDWEED,  Antennaria  plantaginifolia,  Gna- 
pbalium  margaritaceum. 

CUILLEREE,  Cochleare. 

CUIR,  Corium — c.  Chevelu,  Scalp. 

CUrSSART.  A  wooden  leg.  See  Cornu  am- 
monis. 

CUISSE,  Thigh,  Crus  — c.  Posterieure  du  cer- 
velet,  Corpus  restiforme. 

Gi^ISSON'  {¥.).  A  smarting,  burning  pain. 
CUIVRE,  Cuprum  —  c.  Ammoniarnl,  Cuprum 
ammoniatum  —  c.  et  Ammoniaque,  sulfate  de.  Cu- 
prum ammoniatum — c.  Limailles  de,  see  Cuprum 
— c.  Sous-acetate  de,  Cupri  subaeetas — c.  Sulfate 
de,  Cupri  sulphas. 

CUIVREUX  (F.),  Copper-coloured.  A  tint  of 
complexion,  (F.)  Teint  cuivreux,  such  as  is  ob- 
served in  cancerous  affections.  Syphilitic  ulcers 
of  tlie  throat,  &c.,  are  often  copper-coloured. 
CUJETE,  Crescentia  cujete. 
CULBICIO.  A  Latin  word,  employed  by 
old  writers  as  synonymous  with  ardor  urinie  and 
gonorrhoea. 


CULBUTE 


2C4 


CUP 


CULBUTE  (P.).  'A  tumble  head-over-heels.' 
A  movement  which  the  foetus  has  been  supposed 
tn  execute  at  the  end  of  the  7th  month  of  utero- 
gi-'Station ;  and  by  means  of  which,  it  was  pre- 
sumed, the  head  presented  towards  the  orifice  of 
the  uterus ;  a  change  of  situation  which  is  iui- 
jcaeticalile  in  ordinary  circumstances. 
CULCITA  SALINA,  Halotyle. 
CULEOX,  Anus. 

CU'LEUS.  A  measure  containing  20  barrels, 
or  40  urus,  equal  to  180  gallons.  —  Pliny,  Gor- 
r.eus. 

CULEX,  (F.)  Cousin.  A  genus  of  insects,  un- 
happily too  well  known  in  almost  every  part  of 
the  world,  on  account  of  their  bites,  which  give 
rise  to  painful,  local  inflammation.  The  gnats 
and  miisqid'toes  belong  to  this  genus. 

CULI  FLOS.  Caniamine  pratensis. 

CULILAWAN,  see  Laurus  culilawan. 

CU'LINARY  ART,  from  ci/hiu,  'a  kitchen.' 
C'lnheiij,  Res  culiiin'n'n  seu  coqiui'ria,  Ars  ciili- 
ii'i'ria  seu  cof/ II iiia'rin,  Miiijei' rice.  The  art  of 
jucparing  meats  for  the  table.  In  judging  of  the 
dietetic  properties  of  various  kinds  of  aliment, 
tiie  culinary  process  to  which  they  have  been 
snlijected  will  always  have  to  be  considered. 
Many  of  the  writers  on  the  culinary  art  have 
been  physicians. 

CULLITLAWAN,  see  Laurus  culilawan. 

CULMIXATIO,  Acme. 

aULTELLAlRE  (¥.),  from  cidtdlm,  a  'little 
knife.'  Le  coutere  ciillflliiire,  known  also  under 
tiie  name  Conteou  de  feu,  Fire-knife,  is  used  for 
^viiat  the  French  term  the  Cuiitere  trnusciirreute. 
(See  Cauterization.)  It  is  shaped  like  a  small 
batch  at. 

CULTELLUS,  Culter,  Knife— c.  Anceps,  Knife, 
douhle-edfred — c.  Uncus,  Knife,  crotchet. 

CULTER,  Ciltel'lns,  from  colo,  ciiltum,  '1  cul- 
tivate.' A  coulter,  a  knife,  scalpel,  vinvhai'ra, 
•iiincha-'rion,  mach(p'ris.  Also,  the  third  lobe  of 
the  liver,  so  called  from  some  fancied  resemblance. 
— Theophilus  Protospatarius. 

Cui.TKR  Cuiivus,  Knife,  crooked — e.  Falcatus, 
Knife,  crooked — c.  Lenticularis,  Knife,  lenticular 
—  c.  Rectus,  Knife,  amputation  —  c.  Tonsorius, 
Kazor. 

CULTRIV'OROUS,  Cultriv'orvs,  from  ciilter, 
'a  knife,' and  vnrare,  'to  devour.'  Individuals, 
vho  have  seemed  to  swallow  knives  with  impu- 
liitv.  have  been  so  called; — Knife-eaters. 

CULUS,  Anus. 

CULVER'S  PHYSIC,  Leptandra  Virginica. 

CULVER'S  ROOT,  Leptandra  purpurea. 

CUMAMUS,  Piper  cubeba. 

CUillN.  Cuminum  cyminum  —  c.  Faux,  Ni- 
gella — c.  (Ics  Pres,  Carurn. 

CUJII'XUAI  CYMPNUM.  The  systematic 
name  of  the  Cummin  or  Cumin  plant,  Cinni'niDn 
iiiinii'tiiin  seu  Romii'nnm,  Cijmi' num,  Cumi'num, 
Ciirnaba'rlium.  Ord.  Umbelliferae.  Sex.  Sijst. 
Pentandria  Digynia.  (F.)  Cumin,  Anis  aii/rc. 
The  seeds  of  cummin,  which  is  a  native  of  Et;ypt, 
have  a  warm,  bitterish,  disagreeable  taste.  Water 
extracts  their  odour,  and  spirit  takes  up  both 
odour  and  taste.  They  are  not  used,  except  in  a 
plaster,  which  bears  their  name.  When  drunk  in 
wine,  the  ancients  believed  they  produced  pale- 
ness ;  hence,  Horace  called  cummin  exsanyne ; 
and  Juvenal,  pollens. — Dioscorides,  Pliny. 

Cuminum  Minutum,  C.  cyminum  —  c.  Nigrum, 
Nigella — c.  Pratense,  Carum  —  c.  Romanutn,  C. 
cyminum. 

CUMMIN,  Cuminum  cyminum. 

CU'MULUS,  'a  heap  or  pile.'  A  rounded  pro- 
minence, in  the  centre  of  the  proligerous  disk,  in 
•which  there  is  a  small  opake  cavity  that  contains 
the  ovum.     See  Tache  emhryonnaire. 

Cumulus,  Germinal,  Tache  emhryonnaire  —  c. 


Germinativus,  Tache  emhryonnaire^ — c.  Prolige- 
rus,  Tache  einbri/onnaire. 

CUNEA'LIs'sUTURA,from  citneus,  'a wedge.' 
The  suture  formed  between  the  greal  and  little 
aliB  of  the  sphenoid  bone  and  the  os  frontis. — 
lilasius. 

CUNKEN  (F.),  Cunea'nus.  Relating  to  the 
cuneiform  bones. 

Articulations  Cuneennes ;  —  the  joints  between 
the  cuneiform  bones,  as  well  as  between  them 
and  other  parts. 

Liyamcnts  Cuneennes ; — the  ligaments  which 
hold  the  cuneiform  bones  together. 

CU'NEIFORM,  Cuneifor'mis,  SphcioVdeH, 
from  cunens,  '  a  wedge,'  and  forma,  '  shape.' 
Wedije-shaped.  This  name  has  been  given  to 
several  bones.  1.  To  the  sphenoid.  2.  To  it 
bone  of  the  carpus,  situate  between  the  os  lunaro 
and  OS  orbiculare.  It  is,  also,  called  Os  J'l/ntmi- 
da'le,  Os  Triq'uetruvi,  and  Os  Cubita'le.  3.  To 
the  basilary  process  of  the  occipital  bone :  and, 
4.  To  three  of  the  bones  of  the  tarsus,  which  are 
distinguished,  according  to  situation,  reckoning 
from  within  outwards,  into  first,  second,  and  third, 
—  or  internal,  middle,  and  externid :  and  accord- 
ing to  size,  reckoning  in  the  same  order,  into 
great,  small,  and  middle-sized.  The  posterior 
surface  of  these  bones  is  united  to  the  anterior 
face  of  the  scaphoides;  the  anterior  surface  with 
the  corresponding  metatarsal  bones;  and,  in  ad- 
dition, the  external  surface  of  the  third  is  articu- 
lated, behind,  with  the  cuboides.  They  are  also 
called  Chalcdidea  ossa  seu  ossic'ida. 

Cuneiform  Cahtilages  op  the  Larynx,  Car. 
tihii/es  of  Wrisber/j,  are  two  small  cylinders  of 
fibro-cartilage,  about  seven  lines  in  length,  and 
enlarged  at  each  extremity.  By  the  base,  the 
cartilage  is  attached  to  the  middle  of  the  exter- 
nal surface  of  the  arytenoid;  and  its  upper  ex- 
tremity forms  a  prominence  on  the  border  of  the 
aryteno-epiglottidean  fold  of  membrane.  They 
are  sometimes  wanting. 

CUNEO.  In  composition,  appertaining,  or  re- 
lating, to  the  cuneiform  bones. 

Cu'nro-Cu'boid,  Cuueo-cubo'idens.  Belonging 
to  the  cuneiform  bones  and  cuboides. 

CuNEO-CuBoiD  Articula'tion  is  formed  by  the 
third  cuneiform  bone  and  cuboides.  It  is  fur- 
nished with  a  synovial  capsule,  and  two  cioieo- 
cuboid  lit/aments : — a  dorsal  and  a.  plantar. 

CU'NEO-SCA'PHOID,  Cuneo-scaphoi'des.  Be- 
longing to  the  cuneiform  bones  and  scaphoid. 

CuNEO-ScAPHOiD  A kticula'tion  is  formed  by 
the  posterior  surfaces  of  the  three  ossa  cuneifor- 
mia,  and  the  anterior  surface  of  the  scaphoid.  It 
is  furnished  with  a  r.ynovial  capsule  and  liga- 
ments, some  of  which  are  dorsal,  others  plantar. 

CUNILA,  Satureia  capitata— c.  Bubula,  Ori- 
ganum. 

Cuni'la  Maria'na,  Satnrei'a  oriyaiidi'den,  Ca- 
lamin'tha  erec'tn  Virginia'na,  Ditt'any,  Amerimn 
or  Mountain  Dittany,  Mint-leaved  or  Marijlniid 
Ciinila,  Stonemint,  Wild  Basil,  Sweet  Horseniint, 
(F.)  Cnnile  d'Amerirjne.  A  small  indigenous 
herb,  Order,  LabiatiP,  growing  on  dry,  shady 
hills,  from  New  England  to  Georgia,  and  flower- 
ing in  June  and  July.  Its  medical  properties 
are  dependent  upon  essential  oils,  like  tiie  mints. 

CtJNiLA,  Mai'.yland,  Cunila  niariana — c.  Mint- 
leaved,  C.  mariana — c.  Muscula,  Ituila  dy^ente- 
rica  —  c.  Pfllegioides,  Iledeoma  pulegioides — C 
Sativa,  Satureia  hortensis. 

CUNILAGO,  Inula  dysenterica. 

CUNILE  D'AMERIQUE,  Cunila  mariana. 

CUNNUS,  Vulva. 

CUP,  (Sax.)copp,  Scutel'la,  Calil'lus,  Pntel'ln, 
Excip'nla,  (F.)  Palette,  Puelette,  PoVelle,  Vaie  d 
aaigner.     A  small  vessel  of  a  determinate  eizflj 


CUPAMENI 


265 


CURA 


for  receiving  the  blood  during  venesection.  It 
generiilly  CDUtaiiis  about  four  ounces.  A  bleed- 
ing of  two  cups  is,  consequently,  one  of  eight 
oiiricef. 

C'lIl'AMKNI,  Acalypha  Indica. 
C'UrilHTAS,   Voluntas  — c.    Desedcndi,    Vo- 
luntas dfsedendi. 

CUPIDO,  Appetite.     Also,  Cupid,  the  god  of 
love,  in  iincient  mythology  : — Deun  copiilalio'nia. 
CUl'OLA,  see  Infundibulum  of  the  cochlea. 
CUI'l'EI),  see  Coriuni  phlogistic-uni. 
CUl'l'lNlj,  Udtiuavin'iix,  from  (F.)  couper,  'to 
cut;'  or  to  draw  blood  in  vessels  resembling  ciqjs ; 
Aiiplicd'llo    cin-Hrbita'riim    seu     cuvurbitiiJu'rum, 
t'liiiiiliild'tio.     A  species   of  blood-letting,   per- 
formed by  a  uc(ir}Jt(;(it(ir,  and  glass,  called  a  eii]>- 
pi'iKi-i/liixK,  (Jiiciirbit'xdo,  Cncurb'ita,  Sic'ua,   (Olil 
Engl.)   Hhtdiiiy-boht,  (F.)   Veiitoime.     The    lan- 
cets are  placed  in  such  a  manner  in   the   scari- 
ficatDr,  that,  when  it  is  applied  upon  the  affected 
))nrt,  the  whole  arc,  by  means  of  a  spring,  pushed 
fuddeniy  into   it.     After    scarification,  the   cup- 
jiing-glass,  which  has  been  previously  exhausted 
iiy  hciit,  or  by  an  exhausting  syringe,  is  applied. 
The  pressure  of  the  air  within    the  glass  being 
tlius  diminished,  the  necessary  quantity  of  blood 
may  be  drawn.     See  Bdcliometer.     Vrj  eiippin;/, 
Ciiciirbi('i(l(B    m'cccB,    is    the    application     of    the 
glasses,  without  previous  scarification  ;  (F.)  Veu- 
launcK  leelien.     It  is  used  to  prevent  the  activity 
of  absorptjon  from  any  wounded  part;  oceasion- 
iilly,  to  excite  suppuration  in  indolent  abscesses; 
iiiid  to  remove  the  pus  when  an  abscess  is  opened. 
Ciippiiii/,  without  any  epithet,  means  the  abstrac- 
tion  of  blood   by   means  of  the  scarificator  and 
cups:  —  (F.)    Ventoiises  acan'Jiecu,  (L.)    Citcitrbi- 
tiil(B   cnieiila;,   C.  cinn  Feno,  wet  ciip2>iiig.     The 
verb  '  to  cup,'  signifies  to  draw  blood  by  cupping. 
CUP-PLANT,  Silphium  perfoliatum. 
CU  PR  ESS  US,  Kvnaptaaos,  C.  sempervirens — c. 
Arbor    vita;,   Thuya    occidentalis  —  c.   Disticha, 
Taxodium  distichum. 

Cui'UKSS'us  SKMPERVl'nENS,  C.  pyramida'lis. 
The  systematic  name  of  the  Cupres'siis,  Ci/jxiris'- 
gits,  CyprcHs,  (F.)  Cypres.  Nat.  Old.  C'oniferJB. 
The  berries,  leaves,  and  wood,  have  been  con- 
sidered astringent  and  useful  in  intermittents. 
The  wliole  i)li\nt  abounds  with  a  bitter,  aromatic, 
and  terebinthinate  fluid. 

CiiPRKSsus  TiiYoi'DEs,  T17i(7e ccrfnr,  Indiginous. 
An  infusion  of  the  tops  is  said  to  be  stomachic, 
ami,  when  taken  warm,  diaphoretic. 

CUPRI  AiMMONIO-SULPIIAS,  Cuprum  am- 
nioniatuui — c.  et  Ammoniic  sulphas.  Cuprum  am- 
nioniatum — c.  Diilcetas,  C.  subacetas. 

Cui'ui  Luiatu'ra,  Filinys  of  Copper,  (F.) 
Liniddlea  de  Ciiivre,  have  been  useil  in  hydro- 
phobia. It  has  been  remarked  under  Cuprum, 
that  they  are  inert. 
CuiMti  Rt'BiGO,  Cupri  subacetas. 
ClUMU  SubaCe'tas,  C.  Diace'tas  seu  liiihi'go, 
uErn'ijo,  Ver'diijrix,  Hispnn' icum  vir'ide,  Praai'- 
tiKHi  viride,  Crystals  of  Veuits,  Vir'ide  ^Hj'ris, 
uEru'cn,  Cul'vithos,  Subiic"etate  of  Copper,  (F.) 
S'lns-aeetnte  de  Cuirre,  Vert-de-gris,  Crystttux  de 
I  Vm<i»,  Verdet.  Impure  subacetate  of  copper. 
This,  as  usually  met  with,  is  in  masses,  difficult 
to  break  :  not  deliquescent ;  foliaceous  ;  of  a  fine 
bluish-green  colour,  and  salt  tjiste.  It  is  tonic, 
emetic,  escharotic,  and  detergent;  but  scarcely 
ever  employed  internally.  Chiefly  used  in  de- 
tergent ointments.  Dose,  as  a  tonic,  under 
i  gr. :  emetic,  from  gr.  j  to  gr.  ij.  Powdered 
vordiirris  appears  to  be  the  active  ingredient  in 
Sniel/oiiie's  Eye-snlre.  which  may  be  imitated  by 
rubbing  half  a  drachm  of  finely-powdered  verdi- 
gris with  a  little  oil,  and  then  mixing  it  with  an 
ounce  of  yellow  basilieon. 
An  oiutmeut  composed  of  one  drachm  of  finely- 


powdered  verdigris,  with  an  ounce  of  lard  or  sper- 
maceti ointment,  is  used  iu  psoriasis,  tetter,  <fcc. 

ClII'RI  SuLI'UAS,  Vitriolum  Cupri  seu  Veu'eris 
seu  Cyp'rium  seu  Cyp'riiium  seu  CcBru'leum  seu 
Itoma'uuni,  Cuprum  Vitrlohi'tuni,  Lapis  Cmru'- 
leus,  Sulphate  of  CojJper,  Blue  Hloue,  lilue  Vitriol, 
lioman  Vitriol,  Mortooth,  (F.)  Sulfate  de  Cuivre, 
is  in  rhomboidal,  rich,  blue,  semi-transparent, 
eiSorescing  crystals.  The  taste  is  harsh,  styptic, 
and  corrosive.  It  is  soluble  in  fimr  ]jarts  of  water 
at  60°,  and  is  tonic,  emetic,  astringent,  and  es- 
charotic. As  a  tonic,  it  has  been  used  in  epi- 
lepsy, intermittents,  &c.  Dose,  as  a  tonic,  gr. 
^  to  gr.  ij,  in  pill;  as  an  emetic,  gr.  ij  to  x,  in 
water.  A  very  weak  solution  is  sometimes  used 
in  ophthalmia  and  in  gleet;  and  it  forms  the 
basis  of  Bates's  Aqua  Qornphora'ta,  which  has 
been  recommended,  diluted  with  sixteen  parts  of 
water,  in  the  purulent  ophthalmia  of  children. 

Cui'Hi  Sulphas  A.m.momacalis,  Cuprum  ain- 
moniatum — c.  Vitriolum,  Cupri  sulphas. 

CUPRUM,  Chalcos,  JUs,  Venus  of  the  Alchy- 
mists  :  Copper,  Cyp'riuiu,  Vir'ide  iiionta'uuiii,  (F.) 
Cuivre.  Its  odour  is  iieculiar  and  sensible  when 
rubbed;  taste  disagreeable  and  metallic;  colour 
red  yellow.  S.  g.  7.87;  ductile:  very  malleable; 
less  hard  than  iron  ;  easily  oxidized.  In  its  me- 
tallic state,  it  exerts  no  action  on  the  system. 
When  swallowed,  it  undergoes  no  deleterious 
change.  Coi)|)er  cannot  be  dissolved  whilst  tin  is 
in  the  mixture,  and  hence  the  utility  of  tinning 
copper  vessels.  Copper  culinary  vessels  arc  harm- 
less under  ordinary  cleanliness,  provided  the  sub- 
stances be  not  suffered  to  remain  in  them  till 
cold.  The  salts  of  copper  are  very  deleterious. 
CiiPRi'M  Aluminatum,  Lapis  divinus. 
CuPRi'M  Ammo.nia'titm,  C.  Ammoiriaca'le  sen 
Ammoni' acum  seu  ammoni' aco-sul phu' ricum,  Am- 
monia'ted  Copper,  Ammoni' acal  Sulphate  of  Cop- 
per, Ammoniure'tum  Cupri,  Sul  anti-epilep'ticita 
of  WeisSMAN,  Sulfas  Cupri  ammouiuca'lis  seu 
ammoni'aca  cupra'tus  seu  Sulfas  Cupri  et  Ammo'- 
niee,  Subsui'fas  ammo'iiio-vn'pricus  Ue>ito-Sulfaa 
Cupri  et  Ammo'nicB,  Cupri  Ammo'nio-sidfas, 
Auimo'nicB  Cupro-sulphas,  Ammo' nio-suljjliate  of 
Copper,  (F.)  Sulfate  de  cuirre  et  d'nmmouiaque, 
Cuivre  ammoniiual.  [Cupri  Sulph.  I^ss  ;  Amman. 
Carb.  3vj.  Rub  in  a  glass  mortar  till  efierves- 
cenoe  ceases.  AVrap  the  ammoniated  copper  in 
bibulous  paper,  and  dry  with  a  gentle  heat. 
Keep  in  a  well-stopped  glass  bottle. —  Ph.  U.  S.) 
A  cr3'stallinc  powder  of  a  rich  violet  colour,  and 
hot,  styptic  taste.  By  exi)osure  to  air.  it  becomes 
partly  converted  into  carl)onate  of  copper.  It  is 
tonic  and  astringent,  and  has  been  chiefly  em- 
ployed in  epilepsy  and  other  obstinate  spasmodic 
diseases.  Dose,  gr.  i  gradually  increased  to  gr. 
iv,  in  pill. 

CiPRi'M  ViTRiOLATUM,  Cupri  sulphas. 
CU'PULAR,  Cupula'ris,  (F.)  Cupulaire;  from 
cupula,  'a  small  cup.'  Of  or  belonging  to  a  cupula. 
CupuLAR  Cau'tery,  (F.)  Cautere  cupulaire,  is 
an  iron  in  the  shape  of  a  cupula,  formerly  used  to 
cauterize  the  skin  of  the  crauium  in  certain  dis- 
eases, as  epilepsy,  chronic  headach,  <fec. 

CURA,  Cura'tio,  Merim'ua,  Merim'ue.  At- 
tention to,  or  treatment  or  cure  of.  a  disease. 
Keuchen  defines  Cura,  '  medicine,'  and  Curator, 
'the  physician.'  Curatio,  also,  sometimes  means 
purification;  as,  Adejis  suillus  curatus.  —  Scribo- 
nius  Largus. 

Cura  Ave.va'cea.  A  decoction  of  oats  and 
succory  roots,  in  which  a  little  nitre  and  sugar 
are  dissolved.     Used  as  a  refrigerant. 

Cura  Deuivativa,  Derivation — c.  Furaigatoria, 
Thymiatechny. 

CiRA  AIag.va.  'Great  cure.'  A  term  em- 
ployed, at  times,  for  a  method  of  treatment  pre- 
ferable   to   all   others.     Thus   ptyalism   has,  by 


CURABLE 


266 


CUSPARIA  BARK 


for 


many,  been  considered  the    "cura   magna 
S3'philis. 

CuKA  Medeana,  Transfusion  —  c.  Palliativa, 
see  Palliative  —  c.  Radicalis,  see  Palliative  —  c. 
Revulsoria,  see  Derivation. 

OU'RABLR,  Sanab'ih's,  Acen'tos,  Aces'miiis, 
Id-i'imon,  Medicah'ilis,  Med'icahle,  San'uble,  (P.) 
Giierissable.  That  which  is  susceptible  of  cure. 
An  epithet  applied  to  both  patients  and  diseases. 
CifRAGE,  Polj'gonuin  hydropiper. 
CURA'RE,  Wourali,  Woorali,  Woorara,  Won- 
rnri,  Wooraru.  Wurali,  Uran',  Ural!,  Oitrnri, 
Voorara.  A  very  energetic  vegetable  poison, 
employed  by  the  South  American  Indians  to 
poison  their  arrows.  It  is  said  to  be  obtained  from 
the  bark  of  a  species  of  convolvulus,  called  Vejiico 
de  Mmutcure,  but  is  referred  by  Martius  to  Stri/ch- 
noD  Giiianen'sie,  and  by  Dr.  Schomburg  to  S. 
toxica' ria  seu  toxif'era.  The  juice  of  Echi'tes 
suherec'ta,  another  apocyanaceous  plant,  is  said  to 
enter  into  its  composition.  Dr.  Brainard  thinks 
it  contains  the  poison  of  serpents  as  its  main  in- 
gredient. 

CURA'TIO,  Ifede'la,  Sana'tio,  A'ceeia,  Al- 
thex'is,  Althax'is,  Thernpei'a,  liisis,  Curation, 
Treatment  (F.)  Traitemeiit.  The  aggregate  of 
means  employed  for  the  cure  of  disease.  See 
Therapeutics. 

CuRATio,  Cura,  Cure — c.  Contrariorum  per 
Contraria,  Allopathy — c.  Morbi  per  Inediam, 
Limotherapia. 

CU'RATIVE.  San'ati've,  FSnn'ntory,  Ihnlhirj, 
Acesoph'orus,  Acesiiio'ntis.  Relating  to  the  cure 
of  a  disease.  Curative  Indications  are  those 
■which  point  out  the  treatment  to  be  employed. 
Curative  Treatment,  that  employed  in  the  cure  of 
disease,  in  opposition  to  preseroative  or  prophy- 
lactic treatment.  We  say,  also,  Curative  Process, 
Curative  Means,  Ac. 

CURATOR  INFIRMORUM,  Infirmier. 
CURCAS  PURGANS,  Jatropha  curcas. 
CURCULIO,  Penis. 

CURCUMA  ANGUSTIFOLIA,  see  Arrow- 
root— c.  Aromatica,  Kiiempferia  rotunda. 

Ciircit'ma  Longa,  Carcu'ma,  Amo'mnm  Onr- 
cu'ma,  Borri,  Bor'riherri.  Coher'ri,  (Ilindoostan,) 
Crocus  In'dicua,  Terra  iler'ita,  Cnnnac'orus  ra- 
di'ce  cro'ceo,  Mni/el'la,  Kna  Kaha,  Crjpe'rus 
In'dicns,  Kvnetpos  Iv^iico?  of  Dioscorides  [?],  Tur- 
meric, (F.)  Racine  de  Safran,  So/ran  des  Indes, 
Soucliet  des  Indes.  Ord.  Zingiberaceae.  Tur- 
meric root — the  rhizoma  of  curcuma  longa — Cur- 
cuma (Ph.  U.  S.),  is  brought  from  the  East  Indies; 
but  is  possessed  of  very  little,  if  any,  medicinal 
efficacy.  It  is  one  of  the  ingredients  in  Curry 
Powder. 

Curcuma  Zrdoaria,  see  Kaempferia  rotunda — 
C.  Zerurabet,  see  Krempferia  rotunda. 

CURD,  Curd  of  Milk,  Lacpres'sum,  (F.)  CailU, 
Lait  caille.  The  coagulated  or  curdled  {Coac'tus, 
Coatjula'tua,  (F.)  CailU  ou  Caillebotte,)  part  of 
milk. 

Curd,  Alum,  Coagulum  aluminosum. 
CURE;    from   cura,  'care.'      Aces'ia,  A'cesis, 
Aces'mus,    Cura'tio,   C.  felix,   Sana'tio,    San'itas, 
(F.)  Guerison.     A  restoration  to  health;  also,  a 
remedy ;  a  restorative. 

CURE-ALL,  Geum  Virginianum,  (Enothera 
biennis. 

CUREDENT.  Dentiscalpium. 
CURE  DU  RAISIN,  Grape-cure. 
GURE-LANGUE,  (F.)  Lingum  sealpium, 
Tongue-scraper.  An  instrument  of  ivory,  tor- 
toise-shell, &c.,  shaped  like  a  knife  or  rasp,  for 
removing  the  mucous  coating  which  covers  the 
tongue  after  sleep,  <tc. 

CURE-OREILLE,  Ear-pick. 
CURETTE,  Scoop. 
CURMI,  Courmi. 


CURRANT,  BLACK,  Ribes  nigrum  —c.  Red, 
Ribes  Kubrum. 

CURRANTS,  see  Vitis  Corinthiaea. 

CURRY  or  CURRIE  POWDER.  A  condi- 
ment,  formed  of  various  spices,  and  eaten  with 
rice,  particularly  in  India.  Tlie  following  is  ono 
of  the  forms  of  its  preparations :  Sent,  curiaiid. 
^^sviii,  ;o/;j.  nigr.  i^Vy  cayen.  ,^j,  rad.  cnrcunxp., 
sent,  cumini,  aa  ,^iij,  sem.  firntigr.  _^iv  :  mix. 

CURSUMA  iliEMORRlIOIDALIS  llERBA, 
Ranunculus  ficaria. 

CURSUS,  Running  —  c.  Matricis,  Leucorrhcea 
— 0.  Menstruus.  Menses. 

CURVAMEN.  Curvature. 

CURVATEUIt  I)U  COCCYX,  Curvator  Coo- 

CURVATIO,  Campsis. 

CURVA'TOR  COCCY'GIS,  (F.)  Cnrvaleur  dn 
Coccyx.  Sominering  gives  this  name  to  a  .'iinall 
bundle  of  fleshy  fibres,  which  descends  on  the 
middle  of  the  coccy.x,  uniting  on  each  side  with 
the  ischio-coccygei  muscles.  It  is  a  part  of  those 
muscles. 

CUR'VATURE,  Curvatu'ra,  Curva'men,  Fle.T~ 
ti'ra,  Gnamp'sis,  from  curvare,  curvatum,  '  to 
bend.'  Cyrto'ma,  (F.)  Courbure.  The  condition 
of  a  line  or  surface,  which  approximates  more  or 
less  to  the  form  of  an  arc;  as  the  curvatures  of 
the  spine,  duodenum,  stomach,  <fec.  Anoidental 
curvatures  of  bones  are  the  effect  of  rickets,  or 
MoUities  ossium.  The  Greeks  called  the  curva- 
ture of  the  spine,  'vjSos,  oKoXioi,  and  \opfioi,  accord- 
ing as  the  deviation  was  backwards,  laterally,  or 
forwards. 

Curvature,  Pott's,  Vertebral  disease. 

CURVE  OF  CARUS,  see  Pelvis. 

CURVED  LINES,  Lin'eas  semicircnJa'res  cx- 
ter'nw  seu  arcun'tcB,  (F.)  Courbes  Lignes.  Two 
crooked  lines  or  projections  on  the  posterior  sur- 
face of  the  occipital  bone.  They  are  distinguished 
into  superior  and  inferior.  Some  lines  on  the  08 
innominatum  are  also  so  called. 

CURVIMER.  Cucumis  sativus. 

CUSCO-CINCnONIA,  Aricina. 

CUSCUS,  Anilropogon  muricatus. 

CUSCUTA,  C.  Europsea. 

CuscuTA  CiiLOROCARPA,  SCO  C.  Glomcrata. 

Cuscu'ta  Epith'ymum,  C.  minor.  The  system- 
atic name  of  the  Dodder  of  Thyme,  Epilh'ymum, 
Epith'ymum  Cuscu'ta  seu  Cre'ticum.  Ord.  Con- 
volvulaceag.  A  parasitical  plant,  possessed  of  a 
strong,  disagreeable  smell,  and  a  pungent  taste 
very  durable  in  the  mouth.  It  was  once  used  as 
cathartic  in  melancholia. 

Cusouta  EuROPyE'A  seu  Mjnyor  seu  tm^i/n'm  sea 
tetrnn'dra  seu  Jiliform'is,  Cuscu'ta,  Epith'ymum 
officina'rum,  was  conceived  to  possess  similar 
properties. 

CuscuTA  FiLiFORMis,  C.  Europsea. 

Cdscuta  Glomera'ta,  and  Cuscuta  Chloro- 
CAr'pa,  Dodder,  Amer'ican  Dodder,  indigenous 
plants,  are  bitterish,  subastringent,  tonic,  and 
antiperiodic. 

Cuscuta  Major,  C.  Europaea  —  c.  Minor,  C. 
Epithymura — c.  Tetrandra,  C.  Earopiea — c.  Vul- 
garis. C.  Europaea. 

CUSHIA,  Ileracleum  spondylium. 

CUSHY-COW-LADY,  Coccinella  septempunc- 
tata. 

CUSPARIA  BARK,  see  C.  Febrifuga— c.  Bark, 
False,  Brucea  antidysenterica,  and  Stryehnns 
nux  vomica. 

CuSPA'riA  FebRIF'uGA,  Bonplan'din  trifo- 
lin'ta  seu  anguHtu'ra,  Angustn'ra  (Ph.  U.S.), 
Galipce'a  febrifuga.  Order,  Rutacea).  The 
South  American  tree  which  furnishes  the  Ci(«/)'i'- 
ria  or  Angustura  Bark,  (F.)  Angusture  ou  Angi*- 
ture  vraie.  Quinquina  faux  de  Virginie.  Accord- 
ing to  Dr.  Hancock,  however,  the  Angustura  bark 


CUSPIS 


267 


CYANIC 


18  derivcfl  from  Galipat'a  officinaliit,  Sex.  Syft. 
Dccandria  Monogynia,  Nat.  Ord.  Diosmeae  ;  and 
thi."  view  has  been  adopted  in  the  Pharmacopoeia 
of  the  United  States.  Its  odour  is  peculiar:  taste 
intensely  l)itter  and  slightly  aromatic;  pieces 
thin;  externally,  gray  and  wrinkled;  internally, 
yellowish-fawn  ;  fracture,  short  and  resinous.  It 
yields  its  virtues  to  water  and  to  proof  spirit.  It 
is  tonic,  stimulant,  and  aromatic.  Dose,  gr.  v  to 
XX  or  more,  in  powder. 

CUSPIS.  A  spear.  This  name  has  been 
given  to  the  glans  penis.  —  llolfink.  It  meant, 
also,  a  kind  of  bandage. 

CUSTODIA  VIlUilNITATIS,  Hymen. 
Cl'STOS,  Vulva. 

CUT,  from  (F.)  emitenu,  'a  knife,'  or  from 
West  Gothic,  Jcofa,  'to  cut;'  or  from  xonnt),  'I 
cut.'  CcBiii'ra,  Tome,  Incis'io,  Viiliuw  simplex, 
Trent's  viilnus  simplex,  Cope,  (F.)  Coiipure.  A 
common  expression  for  the  division  or  solution 
of  continuity  made  by  a  sharp  instrument. 

CUTAM'BULUS,  from  cntis,  'skin,'  and  am- 
hulo,  'I  walk.'  '  Walking  in  the  skin.'  An  epithet 
given  to  certain  parasitical  animals,  which  creep 
under  the  skin — such  as  the  Guinea-worm  ;  and 
to  certain  pains  felt  between  the  skin  and  flesh, 
as  it  were. 
CUTANEAL,  Cutaneous. 
CUTANEO-SOURCILIER,  Corrugator  su- 
percilii. 

CUTA'NEOUS,  Cutn'neal,  Cuta'neus,  (F.)  Cu- 
iai\i,  from  cutis,  '  the  skin.'  Belonging  to  the  skin. 
CtlTANEOUS  DiSEASKS,  Eruptions,  Epij^hy'- 
matn,  are  the  numerous  affections  of  a  morbid 
character  to  which  the  skin  is  liable — Dennato- 
palhi'a,  Dcrmato'nes. 

Chronic  cutaneous  diseases  may  be  thus  classi- 
fied: 

(  Urticaria. 

1.  Exanthematous  ■<  Roseola. 

(  Erythema, 
f  Pemphigus. 
I  Rupia. 

2.  Vesicular \  Herpes. 

Scabies.  [?] 
\  Eczema. 

o   Ti     1  1  f  Impetigo. 

3.  Pustular \  Ti.„/i,„^o 

(  cjctnyma. 

'  Lichen. 

4.  Papular <  Strophulus. 

Prurigo. 
Lepra. 

5.  Squamous \  Psoriasis. 

Pityriasis. 

Acne. 

Sycosis. 

6.  Folliculous -!  Ichthyosis. 

Trichosis. 
Favus. 

Cutaneous  Exhalation  and  Absorption  are 
those  which  take  place  from  the  skin. 

Cutaneous,  Middle  Posteuior,  see  Sciatic 
nerve,  lesser. 

Cutaneous  Nerves,  Cutaneal  Nerves,  so 
called,  of  the  upper  extremity,  are  two  in  num- 
ber. They  are  given  off  from  the  brachial  plexus. 
The  internal  cutaneous,  Guhito-cutaue,  (Ch.,)  de- 
scends along  the  inner  part  of  the  arm,  and  di- 
vides above  the  elbow  into  two  branches;  the 
outermost  of  which  follows  the  outer  edge  of  the 
biceps,  and  s])rends  over  the  anterior  and  inner 
part  of  the  forearm ;  and  the  innermost  accom- 
panies the  basilic  vein,  passing  to  the  correspond- 
ing side  of  the  hand  and  little  finger.  The  exter- 
fitl  cutaneous,  Radio-cutane  (Ch.,)  Mus'culo-Cu- 
ta'nens,  Pvr'/orona  Cassk'uii,  passes  outwards; 
perforates  the  coraco-brachialis ;  descends  along 
the  anterior  and  outer  part  of  the  arm;  passes 


as  far  as  the  middle  fold  of  the  elbow  under  the 
median  cephalic ;  and  descends  along  the  ante- 
rior and  outer  edge  of  the  forearm.  At  some 
distance  above  the  wrist,  it  divides  into  two 
branches;  an  outer,  which  is  distributed  on  the 
back  of  the  hand,  the  thumb  and  index  finger; 
and  an  inner,  which  descends  on  the  muscles  of 
the  thumb  into  the  palm  of  the  hand,  and  divides 
into  fine  filaments,  which  may  be  traced  to  the 
fingers. 

Cutaneous  nerves,  Middle  cutaneous,  two  in 
number,  are  branches  of  the  crural  or  fcmonil 
nerve.  They  are  distributed  to  the  integument 
of  the  middle  and  lower  part  of  the  thigh  and 
of  the  knee. 

Nervus  Cutaneus  Ifinor,  Lesser  internal  cuta- 
neous nerve.  Nerve  of  Wrisbcr;/,  takes  its  origin 
from  the  axillary  plexus,  but  is  more  particu- 
larly connected  with  the  ulnar  nerve.  It  soi.n 
separates  from  the  ulnar,  running  afterwards  be- 
tween it  and  the  inner  side  of  the  arm.  A  little 
below  the  axilla  it  divides  into  two  branches, 
which  are  distributed  to  the  arm. 

Chaussier  calls  the  cephalic  and  basilic  veins 
the  Radial  and  Cubital  Cutaneous. 
CUTCII,  Catechu. 
CUTE,  Malleolus. 
CUTI,  Catechu. 

CUTICLE,  Epidermis  —  c.  of  the  Enamel,  see 
Enamel. 

CUTICULA,  Epidermis. 
CUTIO,  Oniscus. 

CUTIS,  Pellis,  Pella,  Co'rium,  Derma,  Deris, 
Anihro'pe,  Anthro'pen,  Skin,  (F.)  Peau,  Derme. 
A  dense,  resisting  membrane,  of  a  flexible  and 
extensible  nature,  which  forms  the  general  en- 
velope of  the  body;  and  is  continuous  with  the 
mucous  membranes,  through  the  different  niitur;il 
apertures.  It  is  generally  considered  to  be  formed 
of  three  distinct  layers  —  the  epidermis,  rete  or 
more  properly  corpus  mucosum,  and  corium  (cutis 
vera,  derma).  Some  anatomists,  however,  sepa- 
rate it  into  several  others.  Its  outer  surfac*  is 
covered  by  a  number  of  small  eminences,  called 
papillae,  which  are  generally  regarded  as  essen- 
tially nervous  and  vascular.  The  skin  is  our 
medium  of  communication  with  external  bodies. 
It  protects  the  subjacent  parts;  is  the  seat  of 
touch;  and  through  it  are  exhaled  the  watery 
parts  of  the  blood,  which  are  not  needed  in  the 
nutrition  of  the  body.  The  state  of  the  skin,  iis 
regards  heat  and  dryness,  affords  useful  informa- 
tion in  pathological  investigations.  Its  colour, 
too,  requires  attention  :  the  paleness  of  disease  is 
as  characteristic  as  the  rosy  complexion  of  health. 
The  colour  of  the  skin  varies  according  to  the 
age,  sex,  &c.  As  a  general  rule,  it  is  finer  in  the 
female  and  child  than  in  the  male  and  adult.  In 
old  age  it  becomes  light-coloured,  thin,  and  dry. 
It  likewise  varies  according  to  the  races,  <fec. 

Cutis  Anserina,  Horrida  cutis  —  c.  Carnosa, 
Panniculus  carnosus — c.  Extimn,  Epidermis — c. 
Linguae,  see  Tongue  —  c.  Suilla,  Couenne  —  c. 
Summa,  Epidermis— c.  Tensa  Chronica,  Indura- 
tion of  the  cellular  tissue — c.  Ultima,  Epidermis 
— c.  Vera,  Corium,  see  Cutis. 

CUTITIS,  Cytitis,  Erysipelatous  inflammation. 
CUTLINS,  Groats. 

CUTTING  ON  THE  GRIPE,  see  Lithotomy. 
CUTTLE  FISH,  Sepia. 

CUTTUBUTH,  Cutuhuth,  Kutubutli,  Leucomo'. 
ria,  Melancliol'ia  errahund'a.  The  Arabian 
phj'sicians  gave  this  name  to  a  species  of  melan- 
choly, accompanied  with  so  much  agitation,  that 
the  patients  cannot  remain  tranquil  for  the  space 
of  an  hour. 

CUURDO  CANELLA,  Laurus  cinnamomum. 
CYAN'IC,    Cyan'icus,    (F.)    Cyauique;    from 


CYANEPHIDROSIS 


268 


CYLLOSOMUS 


Kvavoi,  'blue.'     An  epithet  for  the  blue  stage  of 
a  malady — as  cholera. 

CYANEPHIURO'SrS,  from  Kvnoi.  'blue,' etj, 
nn  auguii'iitative  preposition,  and  i^pou,  'I  sweat.' 
Copious  perspiration,  vvhinh  colours  the  linen 
blue. 

CYANODERMIA,  Cyanopathy. 
CYAN'OGEN,  (F.)  Cynnmjene ;  from  Kvavo?, 
'blue,'  and  ytwoia,  'I  generate.'  So  called  from 
its  being  an  ingredient  in  Prussian  blue.  It 
forms,  with  oxygen,  the  cyanic  and  other  acids ; 
with  hydrogen,  the  hydrocyanic  acid. 

CYANOP'ATHY,  Cijonojmthi'a,  Ci/nno'sts,  C. 
C'irdl'aca,  Vi/niinder'inia,  Ilmuinio-cyano' sin,  IIcB- 
virito-cy<in(ip(ith!a,  Kyauo'sis,  3Iorhu8  cceni'hiis, 
Can-nil)' silt  neon  a  to' rum,  from  Kvavoi,  'blue,'  and 
vaSos.  'afl'ection.'  (F.)  Cydnone,  Jfaladie  bleu, 
Jctire  bleu.  A  disease  in  which  the  surface  of 
the  body  is  coloured  blue.  It  is  often  symptom- 
atic, and  commonly  depends  on  a  direct"  com- 
munication remaining  between  the  cavities  of 
the  right  and  left  side  of  the  heart;  Pa'tency 
of  the  fora'men  oim'le,  Acleitrocarch'e.  —  Piorry. 
Fuch  communication  does  not,  however,  always 
occasion  the  blue  disease,  but  it  is  generally 
thought  that  the  disease  never  exists  without 
this  state  of  parts;  or  without  some  obstacle  to 
the  circulation  in  the  right  side  of  the  heart. 
The  bluencss  does  not  seem  to  be  owing  to  the 
admixture  of  black  and  red  blood.  A  child 
affected  with  blueness  is  said  to  be  cyanosed, 
(F.)  Cyavose. 

GYANOSE,  see  Cyanosis. 
CYANOSIS,  Cyanopathy — c.  Pulmonalis,  Ate- 
lectasis piilmonum. 

CYANURETUM  FERRO-ZINCICUM,  Zinci 
ferro-hydrocyanas. 

CYANUS,  Centaurea  cyanus  —  c.  .^gyptiacus, 
Kymphrea  nelumbo. 

Cv'a.vus  Skg"etum,  Bluebottle,  (F.)  Bluet  ou 
Blenet  des  3Iois8ou8,  Barbeau,  Anbifoin,  Casse- 
Luiieltes.  Old.  Compositae.  The  blue  flowers 
of  this  European  plant,  {Kvavos,  'blue,')  when 
distilled  with  water,  have  been  used  in  ophthal- 
mia. 

CYAR,  Kvap.  'The  eye  of  a  needle,'  'a  small 
hole.'  The  Meatus  audito'rius  internua.  See 
Auditory  canal  (internal). 

CYATHIS'CUS,  diminutive  of  Kva%i,  'a  bowl.' 
The  concave  part  of  a  sound,  made  like  a  small 
spoon,  as  in  the  case  of  the  ear-pick. 

CY' ATHUS,  '  a  bowl.'  A  measure,  both  of  the 
liquid  and  dry  kind,  equal  to  about  an  ounce  and 
a  half,  or  to  the  tenth  part  of  a  pint.  According 
to  Pliny  and  Galen,  about  10  drachms. 

Cyathus  Cerebri,  Infundibulum  of  the  brain. 
CYBE.  Head. 
CYBITON,  Cubitus. 
CYBOIDES,  Cuboid. 

CYCAS  CIRCINALIS,  see  Sago— c.  Revoluta, 
see  Sago. 

CYC'EON,  from  KvKau>,  'I  mix  together.'  The 
ancient  name  of  a  medicine  of  the  consistence  of 
pap,  composed  of  wine,  water,  honey,  flour, 
barley  meal,  and  cheese. — Hippocrates. 

CYCLAMEN  EUROPiE'UM,  Aithmii'ta,  A. 
eyc'I'tnieu,  Cyclam'inus,  Cyssan'thcmon,  Ci/sso- 
phyl'lon,  Panis  porci'nits,  Cas'ainum,  CJiyli'ni, 
Sow-bread.  Ord.  Primulaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Pen- 
tandria  Monogynia.  (F.)  Pain  du  Porceau.  The 
fresh  root  is  said  to  be  acrid,  bitter,  drastic,  and 
nnthelraintic.  Dose,  ,^j.  For  external  use,  see 
Arthanita, 

CYCLE,  Cyclus,  from  kvkXo?,  'a  circle.'  A 
period  or  revolution  of  a  certain  number  of  years 
or  days.  The  Methodists  gave  this  name  to  an 
aggregate  of  curative  means,  continued  during 


a  certain  number  of  days.     Nine  was  the  usual 
number. 

Cyclic,  IIkbdom'adal  or  Heptal.  A  period  of 
seven  days  or  years,  which,  according  to  some, 
either  in  its  multiple  or  submultiplc,  governs  an 
immense  number  of  phenomena  of  animal  life. 

CYCLISCUS,  Cyclismus. 

CYCLIS'MUS.  A  Troch,  Troehis'cus.  This 
name,  as  well  as  Cyclis'cns,  was  also  given  to  a 
circular  kind  of  rasp.  They  have  the  same  ety- 
mon  as  cycle. 

CYCLOCEPH'ALUS,  (F.)  Cyclocephale,  from 
kvk\os,  'a  circle,'  and  Kc.ipa\r\,  'head.'  A  monster 
whose  eyes  are  in  contact,  or  united  in  one. 

CYCLOPHOR'IA,  from  /cukXoj,  'a  circle,' and 
(^ffju,  '  I  bear.'  The  circulation  of  the  blood  or 
other  fluids. 

CYCLO'PIA.  Same  etymon  as  Cyclops.  State 
of  a  monster  that  has  both  eyes  united  into  one. 
Called,  also,  3lonops'ia  and  lihinencejihal'ia. 

Cyclopia  Genistoi'des  ;  Nat.  Ord.  Legumi- 
nosaj.  A  South  African  plant,  the  decoction  and 
infusion  of  which  are  used  as  expectorants  in 
chronic  bronchitis  and  in  phthisis. 

CYCLOPS,  (cukAox/',  from  kvkSo^,  'an  orb  or 
circle,'  and  oiij/,  'an  eye.'  Jlonoc'ulus,  Munops, 
3foiio])hthal'nius,  3/onom'matiis,  Unioc'ulus,  Unoc'- 
h/us.  a  monster  having  but  one  eye,  and  that 
placed  in  the  middle  of  the  forehead,  like  the 
fabulous  Cvclops. 

CYCLOSIS,  Circulation. 

CYCL0T03IE,  Cyclot'omtm,  from  kvkKo^,  'a 
circle,' and  Ttfxvnv,  'to  cut.'  An  instrument,  com- 
posed of  a  ring  of  gold  and  a  cutting  blade,  by 
means  of  which  the  ball  of  the  eye  can  be  fixed, 
whilst  the  cornea  is  cut.  It  was  invented  by  a 
surgeon  of  Bordeaux,  named  Guerin,  for  extract- 
ing the  cataract.     It  is  not  used. 

CYCLUS,  Circulus. 

CY'DONIA,  Pyrus  cydonia  —  c.  Maliformis, 
Pyrns  cydonia — c.  Vulgaris,  Pyrus  cydonia. 

CY'DONIA'TUM,  Cydoua'tum,  Dyacydoni'tes. 
A  composition  of  the  Cydonia  mala  or  quinces, 
with  the  addition  of  spices. — Paulus  of  .<Egina. 

CYDONIUM,  see  Pyrus  Cydonia— c.  Malum, 
see  Pyrus  cydonia. 

CYE'MA,  Kvv/ta,  from  kvu),  'I  conceive.'  Coyi- 
ception.  Likewi.se  the  product  of  conception. 
See  Embryo,  and  Foetus. 

CY'ESIOGNO'MON,  from  Kvricig,  'pregnancy,' 
and  yvw/Kxiv,  'a  sign,  a  token.'  A  sign  of  pregnancy. 

CYESIOGNO'SIS,  from  KV7,<rts,  'pregnancy,' 
and  yvuiaii,  'knowledge.'  Diagnosis  of  pregnancy. 

CYESIOL'OGY,  Cyesiolo;/"ia,  from  kiwis, 
'pregnancy,'  and  Aoyoj,  'a  description.'  The 
doctrine  of  gestation. 

CYESIS,  Conception,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 

CYESTEINE,  Kiesteine. 

CYLICII'NE,  Cylichnis.  A  pill-box  or  earth- 
enware pot,  or  small  cup;  from  <cvAi|,  'a  cup.' — 
Galen,  Foesius. 

CYLINDRI,  see  Villous  membranes — c.  Mem- 
branacei  renum,  see  Cali.x. 

CYL'INDROID,  Cylindroi'des,  from  Kvhvlpos, 
'cylinder,'  and  uioi,  'form.'  Having  the  form 
of  a  cylinder.  Chaussier  calls  the  Cornu  Ammo- 
nis,  Protuberance  cylindro'ide. 

CYLINDROTDES,  Teres. 

CYLLOEPUS,  see  Kyllosis. 

CYLLOPODA,  see  Kyllosis. 

CYLLOPODION,  see  Kyllosis. 

CYLLO'SIS,  KvWuiaii.  Lameness,  mutilation, 
or  vicious  conformation.  —  Hippocrates,  Galen. 
See  Kyllosis. 

CYLLOSO'MUS,  from  kdXAos,  '  crooked,' and 
atonn,  'body.'  A  malformation  by  defect,  in 
which  the  fissure  and  eventration  are  lateral, 
chiefly  in  the  lower  part  of  the  abdomen,  the  in- 


CYMATODES 


2G9    CYNANCHE  TRACHEALIS 


ferior   extremity  of  the   side   affected  with    the 
Dsisiire  nbirnt.  or  very  little  developed. — Vogel. 

CYMATO'DES.  Undo' huh  from  KVfia,  'a  wave,' 
and  £11^05,  '  roseiiiblance.'     The  vacillating,  undu- 
hitorv  cliaractcr  of  the  pulse  in  weak  individuals. 
CYMRA.  Vulva. 

CYMBALARIA  ELATINE.  Antirhinum  ela- 
tinc— !■.  Miiralis,  Antirhinum  linaria. 
CYMIiALAKIS.  Cricoid. 
CY.MlilFORMI":  OS.  Scaphoid  bone. 
CYMHOl'OGON    SCHCEXANTIIUS,   Juncus 
odoratus. 

CYMINUM.  Cuminum  cyminum. 
CYMOtiRAPIIION",  Kymf>graphion. 
CYXAN'CIIE,  Aiif/i'na,  from  kv(i>v,  kvvo;,  *a 
dog,'  and  ayx(o,  'I  suffocate'  [?],  'Dog  choak,' 
S'li'e  Thrnat,  (Old  E.)  Swenaie,  Swlii'acie ;  Pai-n- 
cyiian'che,  Si/ii(tii'che,  Pnoiel'la,  Sqittnan'thia, 
EiiipicH'ma  PuriHthmi'tis,  Cunma  Pdn'Hthmi'tis, 
Iithmi'liH,  Parlsthmi'tis,  Inftammatio  Fan'cinni. 
Intiammation  of  the  supra-diaphragmatic  portion 
of  the  alimentary  canal,  and  of  the  lining  mem- 
brane of  the  upper  part  of  the  air-passages  : — (F.) 
Anijine,  Enqin'naiicie,  Mai  de  Gorije,  Synanvie, 
Sqniiiaiicie,  Kiiiancie.  It  comprises  the  follow- 
ing chief  varieties. 

Cyn'axche  Epidrmica,  Cynanche  maligna — c. 
Externa,  C.  Parotidrea — c.  Faucium,  C.  tonsillaris 
— c.  Qangroenosa,  Cynanche  maligna — c.  Laryn- 
gea,  Laryngitis. 

Cynanche  Malig'na,  0.  gnngrcBnn'sn  seu  epi- 
dem'ica  seu  piir'piiro-pnrotidai'a  seu  nlcero'sa, 
Febn's  epidein'ica  cum  Aiii/i'iid,  Empres'ma  Pa- 
riithnii'tis  Mnlig'nd,  Toitsi/lit'riiiii  gangrcB'na, 
Tonsil'la  pentilen'tes,  Epkhm'icix  giittiiris  lues, 
PentUcns  faii'ciiim  affec'tim,  Poidau' chnne  [?], 
Gnngrteni  TininHln'riuii,  UIcuh  Si/n'itctim,  Gnr- 
rotil'lo,  Cnrbiiii'culits  aiigiuo'miK,  Aiigi'iin  xdcero'sn 
Beu  idciiKcidii'Hii  seu  epidem' ica  seu  gaiigrcBiio'sn 
seu  maliy'nn  ncn/uii'ciiim  mnlig'iia,  hthntot;/' pints, 
Putrid  or  Ulcerous  Sore  Throat,  Gangrenous  hi- 
fiamnKitimi  of  the  Pharynx,  (F.)  Angi'ne  gan- 
grSneiiie  ou  .]fiiligne.  It  is  characterized  by 
crimson  rcflness  of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the 
fauces  and  tonsils;  ulcerations,  covered  with 
mucus;  and  spreading  sloughs,  of  an  ash  or 
whitish  htie:  the  accompanying  fever  typhus. 
It  is  often  epidemic,  and  generally  contagious  [?]  ; 
and  is  frequently  found  accompanying  scarlet 
fever, — giving  rise  to  the  variety,  Scrir/<ftiHa  mn- 
Ugnn,  Cttnhcr  rash.  Cynanche  maligna  has  been 
made  to  inchulo  both  diphtheritic  and  gangrenous 
pharyngitis.     See  Pharyngitis,  diplitheritic. 

The  general  treatment  is  the  same  as  in  typhus  ; 
and  stimulant  antiseptic  gargles  must  be  used, 
consisting,  for  example,  of  the  decoction  of  bark 
and  muriatic  acid. 

CvNANciiK  Maxillaris,  c.  Parotidica — c.  (Eso- 
phagea,  ffisopliagitis. 

Cynanche  PAiiOTin.E'A,  C.  Parotides  seu  ex- 
ter'na  seu  ma.ri/la'ris,  Empres'ma  Paroti'tis, 
Parotitis,  P.  epidem'ica  seu  eri/sipelnto'sa  sen 
contagio'sit  seu  spn'ria  seu  sero'so  gln'tine  tu'- 
viens,  Parol' ia,  Parotidi'tis,  Angina  ma.xilla'ris 
seu  externa  seu  parotidcp.'a  externa,  Gissa,  Ery- 
throchrp'rns,  Geinjorynan'ehf,  Gnathorynan'ehe, 
Inflammn'tio  puro'lidnm,  Infla'tio  paro'tidnm, 
Cntar'rhns  IhllinsnJa'nns,  Pranks  (Scotch), 
Mumps,  (F.)  Intiammation  de  la  Parotide,  Oreil- 
lims,  Onrlrs.  The  characteristic  symptoms  are  : 
— a  painful  tumour  of  the  parotid  gland,  or  of 
the  cellular  tissue  surrounding  it.  or  of  both,  not 
of  the  suppurative  kind;  frequently  extending  to 
the  mnxillary  gland.  It  is  very  conspicuous  ex- 
ternally, and  is  often  accompanied  with  swelling 
of  the  testes  in  the  male,  and  of  the  matuuuc  in 
the  female  ;  the  testes  being  sometinu's  absorbed 
afterwards.  It  is  generally  epidemic,  and  appa- 
rently  contagious.  [?J     The    treatment   is  very 


simple;  the  adoption  merely  of  the  antiphlogistic 
plan,  under  which  it  usually  soon  disappears. 
When  inflammation  of  the  raammre  or  testes 
supervenes,  it  must  be  treated  as  if  idiopathic. 

Epidem'ic  Paroti'tis  or  Mumps  is  also  termed 
Paroti'tis  polymor'pha  seu  epidem'ica  seu  spe- 
cif ica. 

Cynanche  Pharynge'a,  Empres'ma  Paris, 
thmi'lis  Pharyngea,  Isthmi'tis,  Pharyngi'tis,  In- 
flnmma'tio  Pharyn'gis,  Parasynan'che,  Angina 
inflammatoricB.  Sp.  iv. — (Boerhave.)  (F.)  An- 
gine  Pkaryngee,  Catarre  pharyngien.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  pharynx. 

This  disease  can  hardly  be  said  to  differ,  in 
pathology  or  treatment,  from  Cynanche  tonsil- 
laris. The  same  may  be  remarked  of  the  Cynan- 
che (Esophage'a,  (Esophagi' tis. 

Cynancbe  PiiUNELLA,  C.  Tonsillaris  —  c  Pur- 
puro-parotidaea,  Cynanche  maligna — c.  Simplex, 
Isthmitis — c.  Stridula,  C.  trachealis. 

Cynanche  Tonstlla'ris,  C./an'cium  seu  Pru- 
nella, Emprcsma  Parlsthmi'tis  Tonsillii'ris,  Sy- 
nan'che,  Ami/f/dali'tis,  liranci,  Branrhi,  Hyan' - 
chc,  Tonsilli'tis,  Paristh'mia,  Parlsthmi'tis,  Dys- 
pha'gia  {n/lannnato'rta,  Antiadi'tis,  Angina  in- 
flammato'ria  seu  cum  tunio're  seu  tonsilla'ris  seu 
synocha'lls  seu  aangnin'ea  seu  vera  et  legit' ima, 
Inflamma'tio  TonsiUa'rum,  Antindon'cus  injiatn- 
mato'rins,  In/lammatory  Sore  Throat,  Common 
Squitianry,  Squinzey,  Squinsy  or  Quinsy,  (F.) 
Amyydalite,  Inflammation  des  Amygdales,  Angine 
tonsillaire,  Pharyngite  tonsillaire,  Esquinaneic, 
Sqninancie,  Catarrhe  guttural,  Angine  guttnra/e 
in/lammatoire.  The  characteristic  sj'mptoms  of 
this  affection  are,  swelling  and  florid  redness  of 
the  mucous  membrane  of  the  fauces,  and  espe- 
cially of  the  tonsils;  painful  and  impeded  deglu- 
tition, accompanied  with  inllanimatory  fever.  It 
is  generally  ascribed  to  cold,  and  is  one  of  the 
most  common  affections  of  cold  and  temperate 
climates.  It  usually  goes  off  by  resolution,  but 
frequently  ends  in  suppuration. 

Common  sore  throat  is  an  affection  of  no  con- 
sequence. It  requires  merely  rest,  and  the  ob- 
servance of  the  antiphlogistic  regimen.  AVhen 
more  violent,  —  in  addition  to  this,  —  bleeding, 
local  or  general,  or  both, — purgatives,  inhalation 
of  the  steam  of  warm  water;  acid,  or  emollient 
gargles;  rubefacients  externally,  or  sinai>isms  or 
blisters.  AVhen  suppuration  must  inevitably 
occur,  the  continued  use  of  the  inhaler  mus-t  be 
advised,  and  an  opening  be  made  into  the  abscess 
as  soon  as  pus  shall  have  formed.  If  the  patient 
be  likely  to  be  suffocated  by  the  tumefaction, 
bronchotomy  may  be  necessary. 

Cynanche  Trachea'i.is,  Cynanche  larynge'a 
of  some,  C.  strid'ula,  Snff'oca'tio  strid'nla.  Asth- 
ma inf'au'tnm,  Cafar'rhus  snffocati'vus  Barbadeu'- 
sis,  Angl'na  polypo'sa  seu  memhrana'cea  seu  pul- 
po'sa  seu  pernicio'sa  seu  inflammato'ria  seu  suffo- 
cato'ria  seu  strep! to' sa  seu  cani'na  seu  exsudato'- 
ria  seu  trachca'/is,  Empres'ma  bronchi'tis  seu 
bronehlemmi'tis,  Laryngi'tis  et  Trachei'tia  in- 
fan'tilis,  Laryngi'tis  exsndati'ra  SCU  membrana'- 
een  seu  polypo'sa,  Laryngos'tasis  seu  Laryngo- 
trachei'tis,  Laryngo-trncheitis  with  diphtherit'ic 
exnda'tion,  Laryngoc'ace,  Orthopnoe'a  cynan'- 
chiea.  Cynanchorthopna''a,  Padanihone  [/],  Mor- 
bus Strangulato'rins,  Trachi'tis,  Trachei'tis,  Tra- 
cheli'tis,  Diphtheri'tis  trachea'lis,  Expertora'tio 
Sol'idn.  Cauma  Bronchi'tis,  Croup,  Roup.  Hives, 
Bold  Hives,  Choak,  Stuffing,  Rising  of  the  lights, 
(F.)  Angine  laryngee  et  tracheale,  Laryngite  avic 
jiroduetion  de  fausses  membranes,  Laryngite 
pseudo-membraneuse.  A  disease  characterized 
by  sonorous  and  suffocative  breathing;  harsh 
voice;  cough,  ringing,  or  like  the  barking  of  a 
dog;  fever,  highly  inflammatory.  It  is  apt  to 
be    speedily  attended  with   the   formation  of  a 


CYNANCHICA 


270 


CYPRUS 


false  membrane,  which  lines  the  trachea  beneath 
the  glottis,  and  occasions  violent  dyspnoea  and 
suffocation,  but  is  sometimes  expectorated.  The 
dyspnoea,  as  in  all  other  affections  of  the  air- 
passages,  has  evident  exacerbations.  It  differs 
in  its  character  in  different  situations;  being  in- 
finitely more  inflammatory  in  some  places  than 
in  others,  and  hence  the  success  obtained  by  dif- 
ferent modes  of  treatment.  It  chiefly  affects 
children,  and  is  apt  to  recur,  but  the  subsequent 
attaclis  are  usually  less  and  less  severe. 

As  a  general  rule,  it  requires  the  most  ac- 
tive treatment;  bleeding  from  the  arm  or  neck, 
so  as  to  induce  palieness  ;  leeches  applied  to  the 
neck,  Ac,  according  to  the  age, — the  warm  bath, 
nlisters  to  the  neck  or  chest,  and  purgatives. 
Formidable  as  the  disease  may  be,  if  this  plan  be 
followed  enr!y,  it  will  generally  be  successful. 
Many  specifics  have  been  recommended,  but 
the  search  has  been  idle  and  fruitless.  The 
majority  of  cases  of  what  are  called  croup  are 
not  of  this  inflammatory  east;  but  are  more  of 
a  spasmodic  character,  and  have  been  termed  by 
the  French  faux  croups,  and  with  us  are  occa- 
sionally termed  spasmodic  croup.  They  gene- 
rally yield  to  an  emetic  and  the  warm  bath. 

CvxANCHE  Trachealis  Spasmodica,  Asthma 
acutum,  A.  Thymicum  —  c.  Ulcerosa,  Cynanche 
maligna. 

CYNAN'CHICA.  Medicines  used  in  cases  of 
quinsy  were  formerly  so  called. 

C  Y  A  N  C  H  0  R  T  H  0  P  N  (E  A,  Cynanche  tra- 
chealis. 

CYNAN'CHUM.  Same  etymon.  A  genus  of 
plants,  Ord.  Asclepiadacese,  of  which  the  follow- 
ing are  used  in  medicine. 

CvNANrHUM  Argel,  C.  olesefolium  —  c.  Ipeca- 
cu.'vtiha,  Tylophora  asthmatica. 

CvNANCHl'M  Monspel'iacum,  Scam'mony  of 
ifontpellier.  The  plant  furnishes  a  blackish  kind 
of  gum-resin,  which  is  purgative,  and  but  little 
used. 

Cy>?ANCHrM  Ole^FO'liom,  C.  argel,  Soleno- 
stem'ma  argel,  Argel.  An  Egyptian,  Nubian  and 
Arabian  shrub,  the  leaves  of  which  form  a  por- 
tion of  most  samples  of  Alexandrian  senna. 
They  resemble  senna  in  their  action. 

Cynanchum  ToMENTOsuAf,  Tylophora  asthmat- 
ica— c.  Vincetoxicum,  Asclepias  vincetoxicum — 
c.  Viridiflorum,  Tylophora  asthmatica — c.  Vomi- 
toriura,  Tvlophora  asthmatica. 

CYNANTIIEMIS,  Anthemis  cotula. 

CYNANTHRO'PIA,  from  kvwv,  kvvos,  'dog,' 
and  n»'5purroc,  '  man.'  A  variety  of  melancholia, 
in  which  the  patient  believes  himself  changed 
into  a  dog;  and  imitates  the  voice  and  habits  of 
that  animal. 

CYN'ARA,  0.  Scol'ymvs,  Cin'ara  scol'ymns,  ki- 
vapa.  The  systematic  name  of  the  Ar'tichoke,  Al- 
Cdc'nhuti,  Articoc'alus,  Artlscoc'ciis  Icpvis,  Costtis 
nigra,  Crir'duns  sati'vus  rion  spino'siis,  Cliinra  hor- 
ten'fiis,  Scolymus  sati'vus,  Car'duus  sativus  seu 
domest'icus  cap'ite  majo're  seu  al'tilis,  anciently 
KoKTos,  cactus,  (F.)  Artichaut.  Ord.  Compositee. 
Sex.  Syst.  Syngenesia  Polygamia  acqualis.  In- 
digenous in  the  southern  parts  of  Europe.  Much 
used  as  an  agreeable  article  of  diet.  The  juice 
of  the  leaves,  mixed  with  white  wine,  has  been 
given  in  dropsies. 

CYN'ICUS,  Cyno'des,  from  kvu)v,  kvvo;,  'a  dog.' 
Cynic,  (F.)  Cynique.  Relating  to,  or  resembling 
a  dog.  Cyuic  spasm  is  a  convulsive  contraction 
of  the  muscles  of  one  side  of  the  face, — dragging 
the  eye,  cheek,  mouth,  nose,  &c.,  to  one  side. 
See  Canine. 

CYNIPS  QUERCUS  FOLII,  see  Quercus  in- 
fectoria. 

CYXOCOPRUS,  Album  grtecum. 

CYNOCRAxMBE,  Mercurialis  perennia. 


CYXOCTONON.  Aconitum. 

CYNOCYTISUS,  Rosa  canina. 

CYNODEC'TOS,  from  kvuiv,  '  a  dog,'  and  i„Ku,, 
'  I  bite.'  One  who  has  been  bitten  by  a  dog. — 
Dioscorides. 

CYNODES,  Cvnicus. 

CYNODESMION,  Frsenum  penis. 

CYNODESMUS.  Fnrnum  penis. 

CY'NODON  DAC'TYLON,  (/cucuv,  'a  dng.'aml 
o&ovs,  o6ovTOi,  '  a  tooth,') J'oii' icuui  seu  Digitii'ii<i 
dactyhiu,  Bermuda  grass;  indigenous.  Ord, 
Graminea;.  The  roots  have  been  used  as  a  sub- 
stitute for  sarsaparilla. 

CYNODONTES,  Canine  teeth. 

CYNOGLOS'SUM,  from  kwv,  kwo^,  'a  do^r/ 
and  Y^uiaaa,  'a  tongue.'  Cynoglos'sum  nffiviiin'le 
seu  bi'color,  Liugua  Caui'na,  Houud's  loiiiine, 
Cuballa'tiou,  (F.)  Laugue  dc  Chieii.  Ord.  Bora- 
gineae.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Monogynia.  It 
is  aromatic  and  mucilaginous,  and  has  been  sup- 
posed to  be  possessed  of  narcotic  properties. 

CYNOGLOSSUM  AMPLEXICAULE,  C.  Vir- 
ginicum. 

CYNOGLOSSUM  VIRGIN'ICUM,C.nm;)to-'. 
caule.  Wild  Coni/rey ;  indigenous;  has  mu(;ilai;i- 
nous  properties.  The  leaves  are  smoked,  and  iiro 
said  to  produce  effects  like  those  of  tobacco.  [?] 

CYNOLOPIIOI,  Spinous  processes  of  the  ver- 
tebrae. 

CYNOLYSSA,  Hydrophobia. 

CYNOMETRA  AGALLOCHUM,  Agallochum. 

CYNOMOIA,  Plantago  psyllium. 

CYNOMO'RIUM  COCCIN'EUM,  from  Kvm, 
Kvvos,  'a  dog,' and/iU)p(ov,  'the  penis.'  (F.)  Cltum. 
2)ign(in  dc  3/alle.  Ord.  Balanophoreae.  Impro- 
perly called  Fungus  Meliten'sis,  or  Fungus  of 
Jlalla,  as  it  is  not  a  fungus.  The  powder  has 
been  given  as  an  astringent  in  hemorrhage, 
dysentery,  &c. 

CYNOREXIA,  Boulimia. 

CYNORRHODON,  Rosa  canina. 

CYNOSBATOS,  Rosa  canina. 

CYNOSORCHIS,  Orchis  mascula, 

CYNOSPASTUM,  Rosa  canina.- 

CYON,  KVMv.  The  word  sometimes  signifies 
the  frainum  of  the  prepuce;  at  others,  the  penis. 

CYOPHORIA,  Pregnancy. 

CYOT'ROPHY,  Cyotroph'ia,  Emhrynt'rnphj, 
Emhryotroph'ia,  from  Kvoi,  'embryo,'  and  rpcipuv, 
'to  nourish.'  Nutrition  of  the  embryo.  Fatal 
nutrition. 

CY^'PARISSUS,  Cupressus  sempervirens. 

CYPERUS  ANTIQUORUM,  xvncipos,  Lawso- 
nia  incnnis — c.  Indicus,  Curcuma  longa. 

Cyi'e'uus  LoN'GIJS,  C.  Rnma'nus,  Galanguk, 
(F.)  Souehet  odorant.  Ord.  Cyperacea).  It  pos- 
sesses aromatic  and  bitter  properties,  but  is  not 
used.     See,  also,  Dorstenia  contrayerva. 

Cyperus  Odorus,  Dorstenia  contrayerva  — c. 
Peruanus,  Dorstenia  contrayerva  —  c.  Romanus, 
C.  longus. 

Cyperis  RoTUN'Drs,  C.  tetrns'tachys,  the 
Bound  Cype'rua,  (F.)  Souehet  rond.  It  is  a  more 
grateful  aromatic  bitter  than  the  C.  longus. 

Cyperts  Tetrastachys,  C.  rotundas. 

CY''PHEL,  Sempervivura  tectorura. 

CYPIIO'MA,  Cyphos,  Cyph.'sis,  Cyrto'mn,  Ci/r- 
to'sis,  Opisthocypho'sis,  from  kv^os,  'gibbous.' 
Gibbosity  of  the  spine.  See  Vertebral  Cohinin, 
<fec.  Cyrtosis  forms  a  genus  in  the  order  Dy- 
thet'icn,  and  class  Hamat'ica  of  Good,  and  is  de- 
fined: 'head  bulky,  especially  anteriorly  ;  ,«talure 
short  and  incurvated  ;  flesh  flabby,  tabid,  and 
wrinkled.'     It  includes  Cretinism,  and  Uicktln. 

CYPIIOSIS,  Gibbositas,  see  Hump,  and  Ky- 
phosis. 

CYPBES,  Cupressus  sempervirens. 


CYPRESS 


271 


CYSTIRRIIAGIA 


CYPRESS,  Cupressua  serapervirens,  Taxodium 
dis<tic'liuiii  —  c.  Bald,  Taxodium  distichum  —  c. 
Tree,  Liriodendron. 

CYP'RINUiM  (O'LEUM),  itt-irpivoi/  (tXaiov),  Oil 
of  Ci/j/reui) ;  preyiared  of  olive  oil,  cypress  flowers, 
calamus,  myrrh,  cardamom,  inula,  bitumen  of 
Juda;a,  Ac.  It  wae  formerly  employed  in  cer- 
tain di.-ieases  of  the  uterus,  jjleurisies,  Ac,  and 
was  regarded  to  be  both  stimulant  and  emollient. 
CYFRIPE'DIUM  ACAU'LE,  (Kutois, 'Venus,' 
ond  irafiiov,  'a  sock  or  buskin.')  C  hn'inUe,  Stem- 
U-HH  Lm/ics'  Slijiper  ;  Mi>ccu*'\n  Flov)er ;  Noah's 
Ark.  Ord.  Orchidaceae.  Indigenous ;  flowers 
in  May  and  June.  The  roots  are  used  by  steam- 
doctors  in  nervous  diseases,  like  valerian. 

Cyi'KII'KDium  Calceolus,  C.  Luteutn,  C.  spec- 
tabile  —  c.  Canadense,  C,  spectabile  —  c.  Flaves- 
cens,  C.  Luteum — c.  Humile,  C.  aeaule. 

Cvphipe'dium  Lu'teum,  C.  Calcc'oluH  seu  Ffn- 
res'ccna  seu  Pubes'ceiia  seu  Parvijio'nun,  Yellow 
Iddies'  sUpjier,  Moc'catin  /lower,  Moccasin  j)lai)t, 
Yellows,  Jl(i'edi>ig  heart,  Amer'ican  vale,' rian, 
Yellow  iimbil,  male  Mervine,  Noah's  ark,  (F.)  Sa- 
bot (le  Venus  jaune.  An  indigenous  plant,  which 
is  found  all  over  the  United  States  ;  blossoming 
in  May  and  June.  The  root  is  considered  to  be 
antispasmodic,  and  is  used  in  the  same  cases  as 
valerian. 

Cyi'uipedium  Pakviflorum,  C.  Luteum — c. 
Pubcscens,  C.  Luteum. 

Cvi'iiiPEDiiiM  Spectab'ile,    C.    Calce'olus   seu 
Cintndini'se,    Shovjy   ladies'  slipper,   is    the    most 
beautiful  of  the  genus.     It  is  said  to  possess  pro- 
perties identical  with  those  of  C.  Luteum. 
CYPRIUM,  Cuprum. 
CYPSELE,  Cerumen. 
CYKCEON,  Anus. 
CYRTOIDES,  Cuboid. 
CY'RTOMA,  Curvature,  Cyphoma. 
CYRTONOSOS,  Rachitis. 
CYSSANTHEMOx\,  Cyclamen. 
CYSSARUS,  Anus,  Rectum. 
CYSSOPIIYLLON,  Cyclamen. 
CYS'SOTIS,  from  Kvao;,  '  the  anus.'    The  lower 
part  of  the  rectum  :  tenesmus. 
CYST,  Kyst. 

CYSTAL'CilA,  Cysttdal'gia,  from  Kvari?,  'the 
bladder,'  and  aXyog,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the  bladder. 
C\'STANENCEPHA'LIA,from  -cKdr.f,  'a blad- 
der,' and  aneiicepha'lia,  'absence  of  brain.'  A 
monstrosity,  in  which,  in  place  of  a  brain,  a  blad- 
der is  found  filled  with  fluid. — G.  St.  Hilaire. 

CYSTATROPII'IA,  from  Kvans,  'bladder,' and 
arpoipta,  '  atrophy.'  Aci/sliiro  trophic, — Piorry. 
Atrophy  or  wasting  of  the  bladder. 

CYSTAUCIIENOTOM'IA,f;y-(/(</me/ie/o<om'i-«, 
CjiKtldotrachelotom' in,    from    Kvam,   'a  bladder,' 
av)(^r]v,  'the  neck,'  and  rofjiri,  'incision.'     An  inpi- 
sion  into  the  nei-k  of  the  bladder.  See  Lithotomy. 
CYSTAUX'E,  Hi/pertroph'ia  vesi'ccB  nrina'rim. 
Callos'ilas  resi'ccB  ;    from   Kvarii,  '  bladder,'  and 
oufi),   '  increase.'     Hypertrophy   of  the  coats  of 
the  urinary  bladder. — Fuchs.    See  Cysthypersar- 
cosis. 
CYSTECTASY,  Lithectasy. 
CYSTENCEPII'ALUS,  from  Kvam,  'bladder,' 
and  Ktipa\ri,  'head.'     A  monster  having  a  head 
with  a  vesicular  brain. — G.  St.  Jlilaire. 

CYSTEOL'ITIIOS,  from  kvcth.  '  the  bladder,' 
and  A  Ooj,  'a  stone.'  Stone  in  the  bladder.  Also, 
a  medicine,  employed  to  dissolve  or  break  stone. 
CYSTERETJIIS'MUS.  IrriiabU'itos  feu  Impa- 
tien'tin  Vesi'ca;,  from  Kvarif,  'the  bladder,'  and 
tptBt^u),  'I  irritate.'     Irritability  of  the  bladder. 

CYSTHEPAT'ICUS,  from  ^Jffr.f,' the  bladder,' 
»nd  'ii-rrap,  '  the  liver.'  Belonging  to  the  gall- 
bladder and  liver.  This  name  was  given,  for- 
luerly,  to  imaginary  excretory  ducts  for  the  bile, 


which  were  supposed  to  pass  directly  from  the 
liver  to  the  gall-bladder. 

CYSTHEPAT0LITnrASIS,Q/«^WeyK//o/(7A/'- 
asis,  Cholelith'ia,  Cholelilhi'asis,  from  Kvaris,  'the 
bladder,'  'vap,  'the  liver,'  and  Xi^taaif,  'pain 
caused  by  a  calculus.'  The  aggregate  of  pheno- 
mena caused  by  the  presence  of  biliary  calculi. 
See  Calculi,  biliary. 

CYSTHITIS,  kysthitis. 

CYSTHUS,  Anus,  Vulva. 

CYSTIIYPERSARCO'SIS,  from  kv<ttis,  'blad- 
der,' 'v-rtp,  'over,'  and  ffopicwCTis, 'a flesh}' growth  ;' 
Excrescen'tia  Vesi'ccp,  nrina'rice.  A  fleshy  thick- 
ening of  the  coats  of  the  bladder. 

CYSTIC,  Cys'tictis,  (F.)  Vistique,  from  xvarts, 
'a  bladder.'  Belonging  to  the  gall-bladder.  Also, 
containing  Cystte,  Cystous. 

Cystic  Artery,  Arte'ria  Cyn'tico,  is  given  off 
from  the  right  branch  of  the  hepatic,  and  divides 
into  two  branches,  which  proceed  to  the  gall- 
bladder. It  is  accompanied  by  two  cystic  veins, 
which  open  into  the  vena  porta  abdominalis. 

Cystic  Bile.  Bile  contained  in  the  gall- 
bladder. 

Cystic  Cal'culi.  Calculi  formed  in  the  gall- 
bladder.    See  Calculi. 

Cystic  Duct,  Duclns  cys'ticns,  3fea'liis  cys'ti- 
ciis.  The  duct  proceeding  from  the  gall-bladder, 
which,  by  its  union  with  the  hepatic,  forms  the 
ductus  comtnunis  cho/edochiis. 

Cystic  Oxyd,  0.\yd,  cystic — Cystic  Oxyd  Cal- 
culi, see  Calculi,  Urinary. 

Cystic  Sarco'ma,  of  Ab'ernetiiy,  Emphy'ma 
Sarcoma  cellulo'suin.  Tumour,  cellulous  or  cys- 
tous ;  cells  oval,  currant-sized  or  grape-sized,  con- 
taining serous  fluid;  sometimes  caseous.  Found 
in  the  thyroid  gland  (forming  bronchocele,)  testis, 
ovarium,  <fec. 

CY'S'TICA,  Cystic  Remedies.  Such  medicines 
as  were  formerly  believed  proper  for  combating 
diseases  of  the  bladder. 

CYSTICER'CUS,  from  kvoth,  'a  bladder,' and 
KipKOi,  'a  tail.'  A  genus  of  entozoa  of  the  family 
of  the  hydatids,  distinguished  by  the  caudal 
vesicle  in  which  the  cylindrical  or  slightly  de- 
pressed body  of  the  animal  terminates.  The  Cys- 
ticer'cus  cellulo'sm,  (F.)  Cysticerqne  du  Tissu  celln- 
laire,  Hy'datis  fiuna,  has  been  often  found  in  the 
cellular  membrane. 

CYSTICERQUE  DU  TISSU  CELLU- 
LA  [RE,  Cvsticercus  cellulosae. 

CYSTIDALGIA,  Cvstalgia. 

CYSTIDELCO'SIS,"  from  Kvarn,  'bladder,'  and 
'tXxuiCTif,  '  ulceration.'  Suppuration  or  ulceration 
of  the  urinary  bladder. 

CYSTIDEPATICUS.  Hepatocystic. 

CYSTIDEPATOLITIIIASIS,Cysthepatolithi- 
asis. 

CYSTIDOBLENNORRHCEA,  Cystirrhoea. 

CYSTIDOCATARRHUS,  CystirVhoea. 

CYSTIDOCELE.  Cystocele. 

CYSTIDOPLEGIA,  Cystoparalysis. 

CYSTIDORRHAGIA,  Cystorrhagia. 

CYSTIDORRHEXIS,  Cystorrhexis. 

CYSTIDORRHCEA,  Cystirrhoea. 

CYSTIDOSOMATOTOMIA,  Cystosomatoto- 
mia. 

CYSTIDOSPASMUS,  see  Cystospastic. 

CYSTIDOSTENOCHORIA,  Stricture  of  the 
urinary  bladder. 

CYSTIDOTOMIA,  Cvstotomia. 

CYSTIDOTRACHELOTOMIA,  Cystaucheno- 
tomia. 

CYSTINE,  Oxyd.  cystic. 

CYSTIXURIA,  Urine,  cystinic. 

CYSTTXX,  Vesicula. 

CYSTIPHLOGIA,  Cystitis. 

CYST1RRHAG"IA,  from  Kvsm, '  the  bladder,' 
and  priyvviji,  'I  break  forth.'   Hemorrhage  from  the 


CYSTIRRIIEUMA 


CYSTOSOMATOMIA 


lladder,  (F.)  Hemnrrhtifjie  de  la  Vessie.  By  some 
used  sviiDnyuHiuslv  with  cystii-rhcca. 
CYSTIRRIIEUMA,  CystDrrheuin a. 
CYSTIRllHCE'A,  from  Kvam,  'the  bladder,' 
and  p£u,  'I  flow.'  Paru'ria  Stillnti"tia  Muco'sn, 
Bleiniu'ria,  Blennorrhae'a  uriua'lis  seu  vesi'ccB, 
Ci/Hto-hleniKirihoi'a,  Cyiturrhos'a,  Ojstidii-blennor- 
rlue'd,  Iwhu'ria,  Ci/nto-phlegiiiat'ica,  Tenes'mits 
Vesi'cce  MiiC(j'»HS,  Uii'iin  ninco'itn,  Ci/stucalar'- 
rhus,  C>/stido-catur'rhnii,  Cystidurrhce'a,  Urocysto- 
catar'rluiK,  JJysu'ria  Mucn'sn,  Pyit'ria  Mucosa 
seu  vii'cida  seu  sero'nti,  Morbus  eyntophlcymdl'- 
icua,  C'ltar'riins  veni'cce,  (F.)  Ci/nlite  muqueune, 
Blenno-cystite,  Flur  mnqunux  de  la  vessie,  Cutar- 
rhe  vesical,  /ikiicyslorrliee,  —  Piorry.  A  copious 
discharge  of  mucus  from  the  bladder,  passing  out 
with  the  urine,  and  generally  attended  with  <lysu- 
ria.  It  is  commonly  dependent  upon  an  inflam- 
matory or  subinfiammatory  condition  of  the  lining 
membrane.  The  treatment  must  be  regulated  by 
the  cause.  If  it  be  not  produced  by  an  extrane- 
ous body ;  the  antiphlogiritic  plan, — tJio  exhibition 
of  warm  diluents,  and  keeping  the  surface  in  a 
perspirable  state,  by  wearing  flannel,  are  indi- 
cated. Some  of  the  turpentines  may,  at  times, 
be  given  with  advantage;  and  astringent  or  other 
appropriate  injections  be  thrown  into  the  bladder. 
CYSTIS,  Follicle,  Urinary  bladder — c.  Cho- 
ledochus,  (iall-bladder — c.  Fellea,  Gall-bladder 
— c.  Serosa,  Hygroma. 

CYSTITE,  Cystitis— c.  Muqueuse,  Cystitis. 
CYSTI'TIS,  from  Kvam,  'the  bladder.'  Tu- 
Jlamina'tio  Vesi'ccB,  Empres' ma  Cystl'tis,  Oysti'tis 
xi'rica,  Uro-cysti'tis,  Cystiphlo'gia,  Cystophlo'yia, 
Inflammation  of  the  bladder,  (F.)  Oyntite,  In- 
flammation de  la  vessie,  Cystnrite, — Piorry  ;  cha- 
racterized by  pain  and  swelling  in  the  hypogas- 
tric region  ;  discharge  of  urine  painful  or  ob- 
structed, and  tenesmus.  It  may  afl'eet  one  or 
all  of  the  membranes  ;  but  commonly  it  is  con- 
fined to  the  mucous  coat.  In  the  chronic  con- 
dition, it  appears  in  the  form  of  cystirrhoea.  It 
must  be  treated  upon  the  same  energetic  princi- 
ples as  are  required  in  other  cases  of  internal 
inflammation;  venesection,  general  and  local, 
the  warm  bath,  warm  fomentations,  warm,  sooth- 
ing enemata,  diluents,  &c.  Cantharides  must 
be  avoided,  even  in  the  way  of  blisters,  unless 
with  precautions,  as  the  disease  is  often  occa- 
sioned by  them. 

Cystitis  Fellea,  Cholecystitis — c.  Urica,  Cys- 
titis. 

CYSTITOME,  Cystit'omvs,  Oyst'otome,Kibis'i- 
tome,  Kys'titome,  Kystotome,  from  Kvarn,  '  the 
bladder,'  and  Ttfivtiv,  '  to  cut.'  An  instrument, 
invented  by  Lafaye,  for  dividing  the  anterior 
oart  of  the  capsule  of  the  crystalline  in  the  opera- 
tion for  extracting  cataract.  It  was  formed  like 
the  Pharynfjotome. 

CYSTO.  In  composition,  relating  or  apper- 
taining to  a  bladder,  and  generally  to  the  urinary 
bladder. 

CYSTOBLAST,  Cytoblast. 
CYSTO-BLENNORRH(EA,  Cystirrhoea. 
CYSTO-RUBOXOCE'LE,    from    kvhth,    'the 
bladder,'  liov^uiv,   'the  groin.'  and  Kri\t],   'a  tu- 
mour.'    Hernia  of  the  bladder  through  the  abdo- 
minal ring. 

CYSTO-CATARRHUS,  Cystirrhoea. 
CYSTOCE'LE,  Cystope'lia,  Cistoee'le,  Cyalido- 
ce'le,  from  kuo-tij,  'the  bladder,'  and  Kri\n,  'a  tu- 
mour,' Her'nia  vesi'e<2  uriiin'riee,  Hernia  of  the 
bladder,  (F.)  Hemic  de  la  Vessie.  It  is  not  com- 
mon. It  occurs,  most  frequently,  at  the  abdomi- 
nal ring;  less  so  at  the  crural  arch,  perinaenm, 
vagina,  and  foramen  thyroidoum.  It  may  exist 
alone,  or  be  accompanied  by  a  sac,  containing 
some  abdominal  viscus.     The  tumour  is  soft  and 


fluctuating;  disappears  on  pressure,  and  increases 
in  size  when  tlui  urine  is  retained.  It  m\\f.{  lie 
redu(red  and  kept  in  position  by  a  truss.  Vuyi. 
nal  cystocele  is  kept  in  [)lacc  by  a  pessary. 

Cystocele  Biliosa,  Turgesceutia  vesiculu) 
fellea?. 

CYSTODYN'IA.  from  kv<ttis,  'the  bladder,' 
and  oSvvn,  'pain.'  Pain  of  tiie  bladder;  particu- 
larly rheumatic  pain. 

CYSTOJI^'MIA,  (F.)  Cystohemie,  from  kvcuu 
'  bladder,'  and  'ai/ia,  '  blood.'  Congestion  of 
blood  in  the  bladder. 

CYSTOID,  CysloVdeus,  Cyst-like,  from  itiiffTK, 
'  a  bladder  or  cyst,'  and  ubof,  '  resemblance.  TliiU 
whi<di  resembles  a  cyst,  as  '  ci/stoid  tum<iur.' 

CYSTO-LITIIIASIS,  see  Calculi,  vesical. 

CYSTO-LITU'IC,  Cystolilh'icus,  (F.)  Cj/sto. 
lithique,  from  Kvarig,  'the  bladder,'  and  AiSoj,  "a 
stone.'     Relating  to  stone  in  the  bladder. 

CYSTOMA,  see  Kyst. 

CYSTO-MEROCE'LE,  from  kvoth,  'the  blad- 
der,'/;i£po5,  'the  thigh,'  and  Kri\ri,  'hernia.'  Fe- 
moral hernia,  formed  by  the  bladder  protrudiii" 
beneath  the  crural  arch. 

CYSTON'CUS,  from  kvoth,  'the  bladder,'  aud 
oyfof,  '  tumour.'     Swelling  of  the  bladder. 

CYSTOPARAL'YSIS,  C'ystidoparal'ysis,  Cyx- 
tidople'yia,  Cystople'ijia,  Cystoplejc'ia,  Acynliiier'- 
vin,  Avysturonervia,  Ainyosthenie  Cystiiri/jiie, — 
Piorry,  from  Kvarti,  '  bladder,'  and  TrapaXvon, 
'  palsy.'  Paralysis  of  the  urinary  bladder.  See 
Enuresis. 

CYSTO-PHLEGMAT'IC,  Cystophlpymat'icm, 
from  KvuTii,  'the  bladder,'  and  (^^£y//o,  '  mucus, 
phlegm.'  Belonging  to  the  vesical  uuicus.  Mor- 
bus ci/stophleijmat'icus.      Cj'Stirrhoea. 

CYSTOPHLOGIA,  Cystitis. 

CYSTOPHTHI'SIS,  Piithisis  vesiea'lis,  from 
KvoTti,  '  the  bladder,'  and  (jidiij),  '  I  consume.'  Con- 
sumption from  ulceration  of  the  bladder, —  Ul'cera 
seu  Hfleo'sis  resi'rcp, 

CYSTOPLAS'TIC,  Cysto])laH'ticus,irom  kvoth, 
'  the  bladder,'  and  irXaacbi,  '  I  form.'  An  cpilljet 
for  an  operation  for  the  cure  of  fistulous  o])etiin{;s 
into  the  bladder,  Cys'toplasty,  (F.)  C'yito/jltiHtie ; 
sometimes  restricted  to  the  cure  by  translatiou 
of  skin  from  a  neighbouring  part. 

CYSTOPLEGIA.  Cystoparalysis. 

CYSTOPLEG"IC,  Cystopleg'''icus.  Bclongin!; 
to  paralysis  of  the  bladder ;  from  kvoth,  '  the 
bladder,'  and  nXtjaaui,  '  I  strike.' 

CYSTOPLEX'IA,  Cystoparalvsis. 

CYSTOPTO'SIS,  from  Kvans.  'the  blarkler,' 
and  -niKTciv,  '  to  fall.'  Relaxation  of  the  inner 
membrane  of  the  bladder,  which  projects  into  tlie 
canal  of  the  urethra. 

CYSTOPY'IC,  Cystopy'ieus,  (F.)  CyHrnpi/iqiif, 
from  KvaTti,  '  the  bladder,'  and  thiov,  •  pus.'  Re- 
lating to  suppuration  of  the  blad<ler. 

CYSTORRnAG"IA,  Hamatu'ria  cysfica.  Hm- 
morrhag" ia  vcsi'ccB,  Straiigu'ria  criien'ta,  Sati'- 
guinia  Jjuor  vesi'ccB,  from  kuoti;,  'the  bladder,' 
and  pay;;,  'rupture.'  A  discharge  of  blood  from 
the  vessels  of  the  urinary  bladder. 

CYSTORRIIEU'iMA,  Cystirrhen'ma,  Rhennw- 
tis'mus  vesi'cfp,  uriua'rice ;  from  ifuoTif,  'the  Mail- 
der,'  andptw^a,  '  defluxion,' 'rheumatism.'  Rheu- 
matism of  the  bladder.' 

CYSTORRHEX'IS,  Cystidorrhe.r' is  ;  from  icva- 
Tif,  '  bladder,'  and  'pn^ts,  '  rupture.'  Rupture  of 
the  urinary  bladder. 

CYSTORRHCEA,  Cystirrhoea. 

CYSTOSARCO'MA,  from  kvct,?,  'a  bladder  or 
cyst.'  and  sarcoma.  A  tumour  consisting  of  a 
combination  of  cysts  and  cystoids,  so  called  by 
J.  Muller. 

CYSTOSOMATO.M'IA,  Cystosomototnm'i'i.Cni- 
tidoeomalotom'ia,  from  xvans,  '  the  bladder/ (rui/iU) 


CYSTOSPASMUS 


273 


DACRYOCYSTIS 


'body,'  and  To/tti,  'incision.'  An  incision  into 
the  body  of  the  bladder. 

CYSTOSPASMUS,  .see  Cystospastic. 

CYSTOSPAS'TIC,  CyntoHpni'ticuH,  from  kvoth, 
'the  bladder,'  and  avau>,  'I  contract.'  Relating 
to  spasm  of  the  bladder,  and  jjarticularly  of  its 
sphincter;  —  Ci/ntidonpati'miis,  SpasmnH  Vcul'ccR, 
Jichu'ria     spanmod' tea,      (F.)      JSjJOHiite     de     la 

CYSTOSPERMI'TIS,  (F.)  Cystospermife,  from 
Kvarif,  'bladder,'  OTTcpjxa,  'sperm,'  and  itis,  'de- 
noting intlainmation.'  Inflammation  of  the  vesi- 
culne  seminales. 

CYSTOSTENOCHO'RIA,  Cijstidostenocho'ria, 
Strictu'id  ieii'c(j>,  Vexi'ca  saccu'tn.  A  stricture, 
narrowness,  ineijuality  or  saccated  condition  of 
the  urinary  bladder. 

CYSTOTII  ROM'BOID,  Cijutothronihoi'desi,  from 
/cuffTis,  'the  bhidder,'and  Spojjitioi,  'a clot.'  Relat- 
ing to  the  presence  of  clots  in  tiie  bladder. 

GYSTOTOJ/E,  Ci/ntot' om i(n,  (rom  kuo-tij,  'the 
bladder,'  and  rtuvtiv,  'to  cut.'  An  instrument 
intended  for  cutting  the  bladder.  Instruments 
of  this  kind  have  been  more  frequently,  although 
very  improperly,  called  LIthotomef. 

CYSTOTOM'IA,  Cijstidotom'ia,  same  etymon. 
Incision  of  the  bladder;  Sectio  vesica'lis.  Ci/i- 
tutomi'a  means  cutting  into  the  bladder  for  any 
purpose;  (F.)  Incision  de  In  vessie.  Commonly, 
it  is  ai)|)lied  to  the  puncturing  of  the  bladder  for 
the  purpose  of  removing  tlie  urine  ;  whilst  Litlio- 
timuj  has  been  employed  for  the  incisions  made 
with  the  view  of  extracting  calculi  from  the 
bladder.     See  Lithotomy. 

CYSTOTRACIIELOTOMIA,  Cystauchenoto- 
mia.     Sec  Lithotomy. 

CYSTOUS,  Cystic. 

CYSTOVA'KiUM,  from  Kvnnq,  'a  cyst  or 
bladder;'  and  oafnov,  'ovarium.'  A  morbid  con- 
dition, which  consists  in  the  formation  of  cysts  in 
the  ovary. 

CYSfUiUTE,  Cystitis. 

CYT'INUS,  O.  Ifi/pneist'is,  Iliipocist'is,  At'nnim 
IIijpociHt'is.  Old.  Cistineaj.  A  small  parasitical 
plant,  which  grows  in  the  south  of  France  and  in 
Greece,  on  the  roots  of  the  woody  cistus.  The 
juice  of  its  fruit  is  acid,  and  very  astringent.  It 
is  obtained  by  expression,  and  converted  into  nn 
extract,  which  was  called  iSuccus  Hypucin'tidis, 


and  was  formerly  much  used  in  hemorrhages, 
diarrhoea,  <&c. 

CYTISI'NA,  Cytimne.  An  immediate  vege- 
table principle,  discovered  by  Chevalier  and 
Lassaigne,  in  the  seeds  of  Cytisiia  Labiir'nnm  or 
Uenii-Tre/oil  7'ree.  Ord.  Leguminosa;.  Se.r. 
Syst.  Diadelphia  Decandria.  Cytisine  has  ana- 
logous properties  to  emetine.  In  the  dose  of  one 
or  two  grains,  it  produces  vomiting  and  purging; 
and,  in  a  stronger  dose,  acts  as  an  acrid  poison. 
The  seeds  of  the  Cytisns  Laburuuui,  (F.)  AubourK, 
have  been  long  known  to  produce  vomiting  ami 
purging. 

CYTISMA  ECZEMA,  Eczema  — c.  Herpe.«, 
Herpes. 

CYTISO-GENISTA,  Spartium  sooparium. 

CYTISUS  LABURNUM,  see  Cytisina  — e. 
Scoparius,  Spartium  scoparium. 

CYTl'TIS,  Scyti'tis,  Dcrmati'lis,  Bermi'lix, 
Cuti'tiH,  Corii'tis,  from  kutij,  '  the  skin,'  and 
itis,  'denoting  inflammation.'  Inflammation  of 
the  skin. 

CY'TOBLAST,  Cystoblnst,  from  Kvroi,  'cell.' 
and  fiXaaroi,  'germ.'  Cell-(jerm,  Nii'clens,  (F.) 
Nityuu.  A  (jrannle,  from  which  all  anim;il 
and  vegetable  bodies  are  presumed  to  be 
formed.  When  the  nucleus  or  cytoblast  forms  a 
cell,  and  is  attached  to  its  walls,  the  (jerminul 
cell,  thus  formed,  is  called  a  nucleated  cell. 
When  the  nucleus  contains  a  simple  granule,  the 
latter  is  termed  a  nucleolus,  (F.)  Nuclcole,  Nn- 
clcohile. 

CYTOBLASTE'MA;  (F.)  Cytoblasthne,  same 
etymon.  Intercel'lular  substance,  Hy'aline  siib- 
»t<tnce,  Suhstan'tia  vit'rea  sou  hyal'itin,  Matrijr, 
The  gum  or  mucus  in  tlie  vegetable,  and  probably 
the  liquor  sanguinis  after  transudation  from  thu 
vessels  in  the  animal,  in  a  state  fully  prepared  for 
the  formation  of  the  tissues.  —  Schwann  and 
Schleiden.  By  many,  Blastema  is  preferred,  in- 
asmuch as  it  does  not  convey  the  idea  of  cellular 
development. 

CYTOGENET'IC,  Cytngenet'icus,  (F.)  Cyto;if. 
netique,  same  etytnon  as  the  ne.xt.  Relating  or 
belonging  to  cell  formation. 

CYTO(i"ENY,  Cylojoi'e-iis,  from  kvto;,  'cell.' 
and  yeveais,  'generation.'  Cell  formation,  cell 
genesis. 

CYTTAROS,  Glans. 


D. 


The  figure  of  the  Greek  4,  according  to  Galen, 
was  the  sign  for  quartan  fever. 

DABACH.  Yiscum  album. 

DACNE'RON,  iaKirji/ov,  from  ^ukvciv,  'to  bite.' 
An  ancient  na^ne  for  a  coUyrium,  composed  of 
o.xide  of  copper,  pepper,  cadmia,  myrrh,  saffron, 
gum  Arabic,  and  opium. 

DACRY,  Dac'ryma,  Dac'ryon,  Saxpv,  Saxfiviia, 
iuKpuov,  '  a  tear  :'  Hence  : 

D  A  C  R  Y  A  D  E  N  A  L'GIA,  DacryoildenaVgin, 
from  iaK^,vo),  '  I  weep,'  abriv,  '  a  gland,'  and  a\yoi, 
'pain.'     Disease  or  pain  in  the  lachrymal  gland. 

DACRYADEXI'TIS,  Daciyoiideni'tis ;  from 
^uicpuK,  'I  weep,'  a^nv,  'a  gland,'  and  itis.  In- 
flaramntion  of  the  lachrymal  gland. 

DACRYALLffiO'SIS^  from"  iaKpv,  'a  tear,'  and 
aXkoiwaii,  '  change.'  A  morbid  condition  of  the 
tears. 

18 


DACRYDION,  Convolvulus  seammonia. 

DACRYGELO'SIS,  from  (5a(cp«u),  '  I  weep,'  and 
ytAau),  'I  laugh.'  A  kind  of  insanity,  in  which 
the  patient  weeps  and  laughs  at  the  same  time. 

DACRYH^EMOR'RHYSIS;  San-jniu'eou^  La. 
chryma'tion,  from  &nKpv,  'a  tear,'  and  'aijiopovaii, 
'hemorrhage.'     A  flow  of  bloody  tears. 

DACRYXOMA,  Epiphora. 

DACRYOADENALGIA,  Da.-ryaden.ilgia. 

DACRYOADENITIS,  Dacryadenitis. 

DACRYOBLENXORRIHE'A,  frcmi  (5a«puu.  'I 
weep,'  I^Xivva,  'mucus,'  and  ptw,  'I  flow.'  Dis- 
charge of  tears  mixed  with  mucus. 

DACRYOCYSTAL'GIA,  from  ^aifpno).  '  I  weep.' 
ituffTi?,  '  a  sac,'  and  uAyoy,  '  pain.'  Disease  or  pain 
in  the  laehrvmal  sac. 

DACRYO'CYSTIS,  Lachrymal  sac. 


DACRYOCYSTITIS 


74 


DAPHNE 


\ 


DACRYOCYSTI'TIS,  from  iaxpuoi',  'a  tear,' 
and  Kiiarti,  '  bladder.'  Inflammation  of  the  lacb- 
rjiiKil  sac. 

DACRYOCYSTOSYRINGOKATAKLEI'SIS; 
from  (Idcrijoci/Htis,  the  '  lachrymal  sac,'  avpty^,  '  a 
pipe,  a  fistula,'  aud  KaTaxXuais,  '  a  locking  up.' 
A  term,  proposed  by  Diefl'enbach  for  the  healing 
of  lachrymal  fistulre  by  transplantation.  The 
operation  consists  in  paring  the  edges  of  the  fis- 
tula, loosening  the  borders,  and  assisting  the  re- 
quisite tegumental  displacement  by  lateral  inci- 
sions. 

D.ACRYO'DES,  Lacrymo'sus,  from  inKpvui,  'I 
weep.'  Resembling  tears  : — hence,  Ulcus  dacry- 
o'dii.     A  sanioih;  ulcer,  a  weeping  sore. 

DAC'RYOLITE,  Bofryol'iiluw,  Dac'ryoUth, 
(F.)  Doci-yulitlie,  from  iuKpvw,  '  I  weep,'  and  )^tdof, 
'  a  stone.'  A  concretion  found  in  the  lachrymal 
passages. 

DACRYOLITHI'ASIS;  same  etymon  as  th« 
last.     The  formation  of  concretions  in  the  tears. 

DACRYO'MA.  Same  etymon.  The  effusion 
of  tears,  occasioned  by  an  occlusion  of  the  puncta 
lacrymalia. — Vogel. 

DACRYON,  Tear. 

DACRYOPCE'US,  from  ianpvu),  '1  weep,'  and 
iroifw,  '  I  make.'  A  substance  which  excites  the 
secretion  of  tears,  —  as  the  onion,  horse-radish, 
yorlic,  Ac. 

DAC'RYOPS,  from  SaKpvoi,  '1  weep,'  and  <i);|, 
'  the  eye.'  A  weeping  eye.  A  tumefaction  of 
the  lacbrvnial  passages. 

DACRYOPYORRIKE'A,  Pyorrhce'a  via'riim 
lacryinit'/ium,  from  iaKpv,  'a  tear,'  nvov,  'pus,' 
and  p£o),  'to  flow.'  A  discharge  of  tears  mixed 
with  inirnlont  matter. 

DACRYORRHffl'A,  Dacryrrhce'a,  Dacryor'- 
1-ht/sis,  Ddcryr'rhysis,  from  Saxpv,  'a  tear,'  and 
oecu,  "to  flow.'     A  morbid  flux  of  tears. 

DACRYORRIIYSIS,  Dacryorrhoea. 

DACRYOSOLENI'TIS,  from  SaKpv,  'a  tear,' 
aoi^nf,  '  a  canal,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  lachrymal  ducts. 

DACRYOSYRINX,  Fistula  lacrymalis. 

DACRYRRHCEA,  Dacryorrhoea. 

DACRYRRIIYSTS,  Dacryorrhoea. 

DACTYLE'THRA,  Dadyli'lhra,  from  lanrvlou 
'a  finger.'  A  name  given  by  the  ancients  to  dif- 
ferent topical  applications,  having  the  form  of  a 
finger,  and  proper  for  being  introduced  into  the 
throat  to  excite  vomiting. 

DACTYLETUS,  Hermodactylus. 

DACTYL'ION,  Dactyl' inm,  (F.)  Doiyls  ^ylmes, 
Webhed  Jinr/ers,  from  iiiKTvXos,  '  a  finger.'  The 
union  of  the  fingers  with  each  other.  This  af- 
fection is  generally  congenital ;  but  it  may  be 
owing  to  burns,  ulcerations,  inflammation  of  the 
fingers,  &c. 

DACTYL'IOS,  from  5«-cru>of,  'a  finger.'  A 
troch  or  lozenge,  when  shaped  like  a  finger.  The 
anus. 

DACTYLITIS,  Paronychia. 

DAt'TYLIUS.  from  SnKTu\ioi,  antmlus,  'a  ring.' 

D.vcTvi/ius  Aciilra'tus.  a  worm  of  a  light 
colour,  nnnulated,  cylindrical,  but  tapering  sligli  tl  y 
towards  both  extremities,  from  two-fifths  to  four- 
fifths  of  an  inch  long,  which  has  been  found  in 
the  urine. 

DACTVLODOCTIME,  Dochme. 

DAC'ITLOSYM'PIIYSIS,  from  iuKrvXo;.  'a 
finger,'  and  o-u/^^uo-is,  'union.'  Adhesion  of  the 
fingers  to  each  other. 

DACTYLOTHE'KE,  from  SaKrvXog,  'a  finger,' 
and  fii/t;;, 'a  case  or  sheath.'  An  instrument  for 
keeping  the  fingers  extended  when  wounded. — 
Ambrose  Pare. 

DAC'TYLUS.  D!g"iti,s,  'a  finger.'  The 
smallest  measure  of  the  Greeks,  the  sixth  part 
of  a  foot.     Also,  the  Date. 


DiEDA'LEA  SUAV'EOLENS,  Boh'lus  sen 
Fiinijits  Sill' ids,  Jiolcliis  disco'ideiis  seu  siuiveuteii), 
Fiuiijiis  (ilbiix  sill ii/' liens,  (F.)  Ayitric  oduriint,  liuld 
odoninl.  Ord.  Fungi.  A  champignon,  which 
grows  on  the  trunks  of  old  willows.  It  hiia  a 
smell  of  anise,  which  is  penetrating  and  agree- 
able; and"  has  been  recommended  in  plitliLslg 
pulmonalis  in  the  dose  of  a  scruple  four  times  u 
day. 

b.EDALUS,  Hydrargyrum. 

DvEDION,  liougie. 

D.'EMONIACUS,  Possessed. 

D/EMONOMANIA,  Demonomania. 

D^S,  Tada. 

DAFFING,  Insanity. 

DAFFODIL,  Narcissus  pseudonarcissus. 

DAFFY'S  ELIXIR,  Tinctura  sennse  compo- 
sita. 

DAFT,  Insane. 

DAG.  Stitch. 

DAISY,  Chrysanthemum  leucanthemnm,  Eri- 
geron  Philadolphicum  —  d.  Common,  Bellis — d. 
Ox-eye,  Chrysanthemum  Icucanthemum. 

DALEY'S  CARMIN'ATIVE.  A  celebrated 
empirical  remedy,  much  used  as  a  canuinativo 
for  children.  The  following  is  a  form  for  its  pre- 
paration :  [Magiiesice  alb.'^Vy,  ol.  wciitlne  piper. 
gtt.  j  ;  ol.  nitc.  mosvhiit.  gtt.  iij  ;  oL  aiiisi,  gtt.  iij  ; 
tinct.  castor,  gtt.  xxx  ;  ti]ict.  asafa'.lid.  gtt.  xv; 
tinct.  o])ii,  gtt.  v;  sp.  pnleijii,  gtt.  xv  ;  liiict.  mr- 
dam.  c.  gtt.  xxx;  uqncB  mentha  pip.  ,^ij.  M.) 
A  Committee  of  the  Philadelphia  College  of 
Pharmacy  recommend  the  following  form : — 
{Aqua:,  Ox;  Sacchar.  alb.  ^^xxxij;  Ciirhmi.  I'o- 
tnss.  ^ss;  C'((rb.  3Iiig.  ^x\y,  Tinct.  Opii.  f^vj; 
01.  menlh.  pip.,  01.  Anethi  Fcenicid.  aa  fQij.  Al.) 

DALCOP,  Idiot. 

DALTO'NIAN.  An  absurd  name  given  to 
one  who  cannot  distinguish  colours;  because  the 
celebrated  chemist  Dalton  had  the  defect.  See 
Achromatopsia. 

I>A  ETON  ISM,  Achromatopsia. 

DAMSON,  Prunum  Damascenura  —  d.  Moun- 
tain, Quassia  simarouba  —  d.  Tree,  Prunus  do- 
mestica. 

DANCE,  see  Mania,  dancing — d.  St.  John's, 
see  Mania,  dancing  —  d.  St.  Vitus's,  Chorea,  sec 
Mania,  dancing. 

DA^QmG,' Salta'tio,  (¥.)  Dame.  A  kind  of 
exercise  and  amusement,  composed  of  a  succes- 
sion of  motions,  gestures,  and  attitudes,  executed 
by  measured  steps  to  the  sound  of  tlie  voice  or 
musical  instrument.     It  is  a  healthy  excrci,-e. 

Dancing  Mania,  see  Mania,  dancing  — d. 
Plague,  see  Mania,  dancing. 

DANDELION,  Leontodon  taraxacum. 

DANDRIFF,  Pityriasis. 

DANDRUFF,  Pityriasis. 

DANDY,  Dengue. 

DANEVERT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
spring,  a  league  and  a  half  from  Upsal,  in  Swe- 
den. The  waters  contain  carbonic  acid,  holding 
in  solution  carbrmate  of  iron,  sulphate  of  iron, 
sulphates  of  soda  and  lime,  chloride  of  soiiium, 
and  silica.    It  is  fre(iuently  employed  in  medicine. 

DANEWORT,  Sambucus  ebulus. 

DANICII;  an  Arabic  word,  signifying  the 
weight  of  8  grains. 

DANIEL'LIA  TIIURTF'ERA.  The  Fraid-ix- 
cenie  Tree  of  Western  Africa,  which  furnishes  the 
product  termed  African  Frankincense. 

DAXSE,  Dancing— t;.  de  St.  Guy,  Chorea-c/. 
de  St.  Witt,  Chorea. 

DAOUNSETAN,  see  Urtica. 

DAPHNE,  Laurus. 

Daphnb  Am'i'na,  Chnmfple'a,  ClmnKr^a'n, 
Widow  wail.  Ord.  Thyinelaeas.  Ses.  Si/nt. 
Octandria  Monogynia.  A  .sort  of  dwarf-oliw. 
An  acrid,   volatile,   alkaline  principle  has  been 


DAriIXE  BOISGENTIL 


D.UYLISII,    CLIMATE   OF 


pcparated  from  the  bnrk  of  tliis  plant  by  M. 
Viiuiiuclin,  to  which  he  has  given  the  name 
Jjiiphniiie.  The  plants  of  the  }?cnu8  owe  their 
vesicating  property  to  this  principle. 

DAPHNE  liOISaENTIL,  Daphne  mezereum 
—  d.  Fiax-leavL-d,  Daphne  gnidium  —  d.  Garuu, 
Daphne  gnidium. 

Daimink  Gxin'iUM,  D.  paniculn'ta,  Tliymelce'a, 
'I'll.  Mdimpeliacd,  Thymele'a,  Cneo'ron,  Spurge 
FIttx,  Finx-leaced  Uuphiie.  The  plant  which 
furnishes  the  Garon  Hark,  (F.)  Diiphne  Garoit, 
Siiiiibiii').  It  is  chiefly  used,  when  used  at  all, 
for  exiiling  irritation  of  the  skin.  The  Grauu 
(iiild'id,  (see  Cnid'ia  grand,)  are  acrid  poisons, 
like  all  the  plants  of  this  genus,  when  taken  in 
quantity.  According  to  others,  the  garou  bark 
and  grana  gnidia  are  obtained  from  the  daphne 
Idiireola. 

DAl'ltNB  Laiireola,  D.  major,  Thymelm'a  lau- 
rr.'dlit.  The  systematic  name  of  the  Spurge  Laurel, 
Lnureola.  The  bark  of  this  plant  has  similar 
properties  to  the  last. 

Daphne  Liottaudi,  D.  laureola — d.  Major,  D, 
laureoln. 

Daphne  Mrze'ueum,  73.  Liottar'di,  Thymelm'a 
meze'rruiii.  The  systematic  name  of  the  Meze'- 
rcon,  Mezereum,  Spurge  olire,  (F.)  Daphne  Bois- 
geiitil.  The  bark  of  the  mezereon,  Meze'reum, 
))MSsesses  analogous  properties  to  the  other  va- 
rieties of  Daphne.  It  is  considered  stimulant  and 
diaphoretic;  and,  in  large  doses,  is  emetic.  It 
has  l)een  employed  in  syphilitic  eases,  but  its 
effiiiacy  is  doubtful.  Soaked  in  vinegar, —  meze'- 
reum aertd'tum,  like  the  other  varieties  of  daphne, 
it  lias  been  employed  to  irritate  the  skin,  espe- 
ciiilly  to  keep  issues  open. 

Daphne  Paniculata.  D.  Gnidium. 
DAI'IINEL/E'ON,    O'leum    Lauri'num,    from 
hi<pvri<  'the  laurel  or  bay  tree,'  and  iXaiov,  'oil.' 

Oil  of  n<„,. 

DAPIINIXE,  see  Daphne  Alpina. 

DARNEL,  Lolium  temulentum. 

DAl'SEXr,  Laurus  cinnamomum. 

DARSINI,  Liiurus  cinnamomum. 

DARSIS,  from  hz^ta,  'I  excoriate,'  'I  skin.' 
The  Greek  physicians  seemed  to  have  used  this 
word  to  designate  the  anatomical  preparation, 
whieh  consists  in  removing  the  skin  for  exposing 
the  organs  covered  by  it. 

DARTA,  Impetigo  —  d.  Excoriativa,  Herpes 
cxedens  —  d.  Maligna,  Herpes  exedens. 

DARTOS.  Same  derivation  :  Memhra'nn  ear- 
un'na,  Tu'niea  museula'n'ii  sen  ruhicun'da  scroti, 
T.  dartoa,  Marsu'pi'um  iininculo'futn  ;  from  iJuprof, 
'skinned.'  A  name  given  to  the  second  covering 
(if  the  testicle,  which  the  anci(Mit  anatomists  con- 
ceived to  be  muscular,  but  which  is  irierely  areo- 
lar. Its  external  surface  is  towards  the  scrotum; 
the  internal  towards  the  tunica  vaginalis.  Fre- 
dfrick  Lobstein  and  Breschet  consider,  that  it 
proceeds  from  an  expansion  of  the  fibrous  cord, 
known  liy  the  name  (ruhernaculum  Tentiii. 

DARTRE.  Herpes,  Impetigo,  Pitj'riasis  —  d. 
Crustaefe,  Ecthyma  impetigo  —  d.  CrustacSe  fla- 
re»ceuie,  Porrigo  lupinosa — d.  Crodttuse,  Impetigo 
— d.  Ecnilleune,  Psoriasis — d.  Fongueuxe,  Ecthy- 
ma—  d.  Furfuracee  arrondie.  Lepra,  Lepra  vul- 
garis—  d.  FurfuraeSe  ralante,  Lichen,  Pityriasis 
— '/.  Phlijctfuiiide,  lUcrpes  phlycta^noiiles  —  d. 
Piiitideuse  eouprrone,  (rutfa  rosea — d.  Pustuleuse 
diKHhiiiiife,  Acne — d.  Puntuleuse  meutagra.  Syco- 
sis—  d.  Riingiaiite,  Herpes  exedens:  see  Esthio- 
nienns — d.  Sf/uaMweiiKe  humide.  Eczema  —  d. 
SpinmmeuHe  liehrno'ule,  Psoriasis  —  d.  Vive,  Ec- 
zema. 

PARTREUX  (F.),  Herpet'ic.  Participating 
1"  iho  characters  of  Dartre  or  Herpen.  Also,  one 
iflected  nith  dartre.     Dartre  has  been  used,  at 


one  time  or  other,  for  almost  every  disease  of  the 
skin.     See  Herpes. 

DAS'Y.^IA,  from  Baavs,  'rough,'  'hairj'.'  A 
disease  of  the  eye — the  same  as  trachoma,  but 
less  in  degree. — Aetius,  Gorraius. 

DAS'YTES.  Same  etymon.  Roughness,  par- 
ticularly of  the  tongue  and  voice.  Hairiness, 
Hirsii'ties. 

DATE,  Pal'mula,  Dnc'tylus,  Bal'anos,  Phn-'iii- 
coa,  the  fruit  of  the  Phuenijc  dactylif'era  seu  ex- 
eel' sa,  Pal  ma  dnctylifera,  (F.)  Datte.  The  un- 
ripe date  is  astringent.  AVlien  ripe,  it  resembles 
the  fig.     The  juice  of  the  tree  is  refrigerant. 

DATE  PLUM,  INDIAN,  Diospyrus  lotus. 

DATTE,  Date. 

DATURA,  D.  Stramonium. 

Datd'ha  Saxgiiin'ea,  Pied  Thorn  Apple;  called 
by  the  Indians  of  Peru  Hu<teueaehu,  Yerba  de 
Huaca  [huaea,  a  grave)  or  Grace-plant,  and  Jio- 
vachevo.  Ord.  Solanaceae.  A  plant  from  which 
the  Peruvian  Indians  prepare  a  narcotic  driuk 
called  Tonga. 

Datu'hA  Stramo'nium,  Stramo'nia,  Barycov'- 
calon,  Sola'num  /w'tidum,  Stramo'nium,  S.  inajua 
album  seu  «pino'eum  seu  vutga'tnm  seu  fte'tiduin, 
Pomum  seu  Malum  sjjino'iium,  A^ux  methel,  Dalu'- 
ra,  Dutro'a,  Daty'ra,  Thorn  Apple,  Apip'e  of 
Peru.  Jamentoinn  Weed,  Jimston  or  Jimpson  Weed, 
Stinkieeed,  (F.)  Strnmoine,  Ponime  epineune,  En- 
dormie,  Herbe  avx  sorciers  ou  de  diable.  The 
leaves,  Stramo'nii  Fo'lia,  the  seeds,  Siramo'uii 
Semen,  and  the  root,  Stramo'nii  Jladix,  are  tho 
parts  used  in  medicine.  They  are  narcotic  and 
poisonous;  are  given  interniiUy  as  narcotics  and 
antispasmodics;  and  a]iplied  externally  as  seda- 
tives, in  the  form  of  fomentation.  The  seeds  are 
smoked  like  tobacco,  in  asthma.  The  dose  of  the 
powder  is.  gr.  j  to  gr.  viii. 

DA'TURIN'E,  Daturi'na,  Dafu'ria,  Datu'rium. 
The  active  principle  of  the  Datura  Stramonium, 
separated  by  J'randcs,  a  (Jcrinan  chemist.  It  has 
not  been  rendered  available  in  medicine. 

DATURIUM,  Daturine. 

DATYRA,  Datura  stramonium. 

DAUCI  RADIX,  see  Daucus  Carota. 

DAUCI'TES  VINUM.  Wine,  of  whieh  the 
Daucus  or  Wild  Carrot  was  an  ingredient.  The 
seeds  were  steeped  in  must.  It  was  formerly  used 
in  coughs,  convulsions,  hypochondriasis,  diseases 
of  the  uterus,  &e. 

DAUCUS  CANDIANUS,  Athamantacretensis. 

Daucus  Caro'ta.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  Carrot  Plant ;  Daucus,  D.  sylres'tris  seu  vid- 
ga'ris  seu  sati'rus,  Cauca'lis  caro'ta,  Pastina'cii 
sylrestris  tenuifo'lia  officina'rum.  Ado' rion  ;  Or- 
der, Umbelliferaj.  (Sc.)  Mceran,  Mirrot,  (F.) 
Carotte ;  Ord.  Umbellifera;.  The  fruit,  Carota, 
—  (Ph.  U.S.)  —  and  the  root,  Douci  radix,  have 
been  used  in  medicine.  The  root  is  sweet  and 
mucilaginous  ;  and  the  seeds  have  an  aromatic 
odour,  and  moderately  warm,  pungent  taste.  The 
root  has  been  used,  as  an  emollient,  to  fetid  and 
ill-conditioned  sores.  The  seeds  have  been  re- 
garded as  stomachic,  carminative,  and  diuretic; 
but  they  have  little  efficacy.  The  seeds  nf  tie 
wild  plant  are,  by  some,  preferred  to  those  of  the 
garden, 

Daitcits   CRETicrs,  Athamanta   cretensis  —  <\. 
Cyanopus,    Pimpinella    magna  —  d.   Sativus,    1). 
carota  —  d.    Seprinius,    Scnndix    cerefi>liiiiM  —  d. 
Svlvestris.  D.  carota — d.  Vulgaris,  D.  carota. 
'  DAVPHIXEIJ.F.  Deli-hitiium  stai.hi.-a-ria. 

DAVIDSON'S  REMEDY  FOR  CANCER,  see 
Conium  niaculatuni. 

DAVIEPx.  Dentasrra. 

DAWLISII,  CLIMATE  OF.  A  town  in  De- 
vonshire, fre()uented  by  phthisical  invalids  diiiiiig 
the  winter.  It  is  well  protected  from  nortlnrlj' 
winds,  and  also  from  the  violence  of  the  soutU- 


DAW  PIT 


276 


DECANTATION 


■westerly  gales.     It  offers,  however,  but  a  con- 
finefl  ppnce. 

DAW  PIT,  see  Fatuitas. 

DAX,  MINERAL  WATERS    OF.     Dax  is  a 
city  two  Iciigiies  from  Bordeaux,  where  there  are 
four  springs,  that   are    almost   purely    thermal; 
contaiiiinj;  only  a  very  small  quantity  of  chloride 
of  m:ignc.<iuin.  and  sulphate  of  soda  and  lime. 
Tempfratiue  7C°  to  133°  Fahrenheit. 
DAY  BLINDNESS,  Nyctalopia. 
DAYMARR,  Incubus  vigilantiura. 
DAYNETTLE,  Laniium  album. 
DAYSIUHT,  Ilemeralopia — d.  Vision,  Heme- 
ralopi.i. 

DAZZLING,  Cai;rjn'tw,  (F.)  Ehlouhxement. 
A  raomeuiary  disturbance  of  sight,  occasioned 
either  by  the  sudden  impression  of  too  powerful 
a  light,  or  by  some  internal  cause;  as  plethora. 

DE  VENTRE  INSPICIENDO,  'of  inspect- 
ing the  belly.'  Where  there  is  reason  to  suppose 
that  a  woman  feigns  herself  pregnant,  a  writ  de 
ventre  inspiciendo  may  be  issued  to  determine 
whether  she  be  so  or  not.  Until  recently,  in 
England,  the  decision  was  left  to  twelve  matrons 
and  twelve  respectable  men,  according  to  the 
strict  terms  of  the  ancient  writ. 

DEAD,    (Siix.)    tteat>,   Mor'tuus,    (F.)   Mort. 
Deprived  of  life,  exanimate. 
DEADHOUSE,  Morcj.ie. 
DEADLY,  Lethiferous,  Mortal. 
DEADMEN'S  EELLS,  Digitalis. 
DEADNETTLE,  Lamium  album. 
DEAF:    same   etymon    as   Deafness.     Siirdiift, 
(F.)  Soiird,  (Sc.)  V'aU.    Devoid  of  hearing.    Hard 
of  hearing. 

DEAF-DUMBNESS,  Mutitas  surdornm. 

DEAFNESS,  (Sax.  fteap,)  Siu-'dltns,  Coph»'- 

ais,    JJij>ieciji'it,    Di/Kccai'a   organ' ica,    liiiryeciii'a, 

HardneHH  »f  hearintj,  Htipocnpho'nla,  Siil/siir'd>tii,i, 

Jiradycoi'a,  liradi/ecoi'n,  (F.)  Snrdite,  Durete  de 

I'onie,  VyDecce.     Considerable  diminution  or  total 

loss  of  hearing.     It  may  be  the  effect  of  acute  or 

chronic  inflammation  of  the  internal  ear,  ])aralysis 

of  the  auditory  nerve  or  its  pulpy  extremity,  or 

of  some  mechanical  obstruction  to  the  sonorous 

raj's.     In  most  cases,  however,  the  cause  of  the 

deafness    is   not   ajipreciable,  and   the  treatment 

has  to  be  purely  empirical.     Syringing  the  ears, 

dropping  in  slightly  stimulating  oils,  fumigations, 

&c.,  are  tlie  most  likely  means  to  afford  relief. 

Deafnrss,  Taylor's  Rkmedy  for,  see  Allium. 

DEALEATIO.  De,ilhat!,>n,  Paleness. 

DEALDATION  (F.),  Dealba'tio,  Bleach'inr/. 

Applied,  particularly,  to  the  whitening  of  bones 

for  anatomical  purposes. 

DEAMBULATIO,  Walking. 
DEARCH,  Nanus. 
DEARTICULATIO,  Diarthrosis. 
DEASCIATIO,  Aposceparnismus. 
DEATH,  (Sax.  ■oeaS,)  (Sc.)  Bedf,  Deid ;  Apo- 
lio'iis,  Abi'o'His,  Ej-tinc'tio,  Ob'itns.  Psychorac/")a, 
Esr/chnrrhai/"ia,  Le'thum,  Letum,  Mure,  Inter'itna, 
Than' ntos,  Decease,  (F.)  Movt.  Definitive  cessation 
of  all  1he  functions,  the  aggregate  of  which  consti- 
tute life.  Real  Death,  Apothana'aia,  is  distin- 
guished from  asphyxia  or  apparent  death — the  lat- 
ter being  merely  a  suspension  of  those  same  func- 
tions. But  it  is  often  difficult  to  judge  of  such  sus- 
pension, and  the  only  certain  sign  of  real  death  is 
the  commencement  of  putrefaction.  At  times, 
therefore,  great  caution  is  requisite  to  avoid  mis- 
takes. Death  is  commonly  preceded  by  some 
distressing  symptoms,  which  depend  on  lesion  of 
respiration,  circulation,  or  of  the  cerebral  func- 
tions, and  which  constitute  the  arjony.  That  which 
occurs  suddenly,  and  without  any,  or  with  few, 
precursory  signs,  is  called  sudden  death.  It  is 
ordinarily  caused  by  disease  of  the  heart,  apo- 
plexy, the  rupture  of  an  aneurism,  or  by  some 


other  organic  affection.  Death  is  natural,  (So.) 
StrHe-deuth,\\\\cv\  it  occurs  as  the  result  of  disease  : 
violent,  wlien  produced  by  some  forcible  agency. 
It  may  likewise  afl'ci^t  the  whole  body,  or  a  pin  t 
only;  hence  the  difference  between  sowki/i'c  and 
molecular  death. 

The  chief  varieties  of  the  modes  of  death  ui;iy 
be  thus  given  : 

(  Suddenly— Svn- 
Death  beginning  at  the  heart,  i  cope:  Gradual— 
(  Asthcniii. 
"  "  in  the  lungs — Asphyxia, 

"  "  in  the  brain — Apoplexy. 

in   the   gray  (  Paralysis  of 
"  "  matterof  the  •!  puuumogastrics, 

medulla,  [^  &c. 

"  "  in  the  blood  [?] — necra;mia. 

As  it  was  at  one  time  conceived,  with  Bicliat, 
that  death  must  commence  in  the  heart,  luiifrs, 
or  brain,  these  organs  were  called  u'triu  murtin, 
'  the  halls  of  death.' 

Dkath,  Apparknt,  Asphyxia. 
Death,   Black.      Pestia  viyra,   Black  Phigtie, 
(F.)  Pcste  noire.     The  plague  of  the  14th  ceiitHiy 
was  so  called,  which  is  supposed  to  have  iiroved 
fatal  in  Europe  to  25,000,0(10  of  people.— llei-ker. 
Death  of  Man,  Cicula  maculata  —  d.  Stiffen- 
ing, Rigor  mortis. 
DEBILIS,  Infirm. 

DEBIL'ITANTS,  Dehilitan'tla,  Antldi/nnm'. 
ica,  Philadijnain'ica,  from  dehilitare,  itself  from 
debilis,  quasi  dehabilia,  'weak,'  'to  weaken.' 
Remedies  exhibited  for  the  purpose  of  reducing 
excitement.  Antiphlogistics  are,  hence,  debili- 
tants. 

DEBILITAS,  Debility— d.  Erethisica,  see  Irri- 
table  —  d.  Nervosa,  Neurasthenia,  see  IrritaLle 
— d.  Visus,  Asthenopia. 

DEBIL'ITY,  Dehil'ltaa,  Astheni'a,  Hijposlhe- 
ni'a,  lilaci'a,  Anenerge'aia,  Anenerf/i'a,  Weid,- 
neaa,  (F.)  Faihlesae.  A  condition,  which  may  lie 
induced  b.y  a  number  of  causes.  It  must  nut  l.e 
confounded  with  fatigue,  which  is  temporar.v, 
whilst  debility  is  generall.y  more  permniient. 

Debility  may  be  real,  or  it  may  be  appitrmi ; 
and,  in  the  management  of  disease,  it  is  iiiiportinit 
to  attend  to  this.  At  the  commencement  of  fever, 
for  example,  there  is  often  a  degree  of  apjiiirent 
debility,  which  prevents  the  use  of  approjirinte 
means,  and  is  the  cause  of  much  evil.  Excite- 
ment is  more  dangerous  than  debility. 
DEBOITEMIiNr,  Luxation. 
BEBORDEMENT  (F.),  from  dchorder  (ik 
and  border),  '  to  overflow.'  A  po])ular  term  I'nr 
one  or  more  sudden  and  copious  evacuations  from 
the  bowels.  It  is  chiefly  a])plied  to  bilious  eva- 
cuations of  this  kind — Dcbordcment  de  Bile. 

DEnniDEMENT  (F.),  FrcBno'rnm  nnhi'tin, 
from  (F.)  debrider  {de  and  brider),  'to  unbriiih'.' 
The  removal  of  filaments,  &c.,  in  a  wound  or 
abscess,  which  prevent  the  discharge  of  pus.  In 
a  m()re  general  acceptation,  it  means  the  eutling 
of  a  soft,  membranous,  or  aponeurotic  part,  which 
interferes  with  the  exercise  of  any  organ  what- 
ever; thus,  in  paraphimosis,  debrideim-ut  of  the 
prepuce  is  practised  to  put  an  end  to  the  inflam- 
mation of  the  glans  :  in  strangulated  hernia,  <lt- 
hridenient  of  the  abdominal  ring  is  had  reeourte 
to,  to  remove  the  stricture  of  the  intestine,  Ac. 

DECAGRAMME,  from  hxa,  'ten,'  and  yfam< 
'  a  gramme.'  The  weight  of  ten  grammes,  154.34 
grains  Troy. 

DECAM'YRON,  from  Scko,  'ten.'  and  pP"'. 
'ointment.'  An  ancient  cataplasm,  composed  of 
malahathrum,  viaatiih,  eupdiorbium,  Hj/lkenaid, 
ati/rax  calaniita,  carbonate  of  lime,  common  ptp- 
per,  unguentnm  nnrdi,  opobalaanmrn,  and  rcat- 
DECANTA'TION,  Becanta'tio,  De/u'aio,  Uc- 


DEC.VriTATIO  ARTICULORUM    277 


DECOCTION 


tnvgiHin'on,  C'lliich'i/vis.  A  pliarinaceutical  ope- 
ratiiiii,  wbich  consists  in  pourin;^  off,  <;ontly,  by 
inclining;  the  vessel,  any  fluid  which  has  left  a 
deposit. 

DECAPITATIO  ARTICULORUM,  see  Resec- 
tion. 

DKCAPITATrON,  Decollation. 

DKCARBONIZATION,  llieinatosis. 

DECEASE,  Death. 

DKCESSIO,  Ecpiesma. 

DEC/fA  RXK,  Demusculatus. 

DKCIIM'EIJ.EMENT.  An  old  French  terra, 
employed  l)y  Pare  and  others  for  the  operation 
of  cuttinfj  and  removing,  with  a  stronj;  forceps, 
the  corona  of  a  carious  tooth,  where  it  is  desired 
to  pri'serve  the  fanj^. 

DEC!fAUSSE.UL\YT  (¥.),  {de  and  chanwr.) 
Tlie  state  in  which  the  gums  liave  fallen  away 
fniia  the  teeth,  as  in  those  affected  by  mercury, 
in  old  persons,  Ac.  Also,  the  operation  of  lauc- 
iii;:  the  gums.     See  Gum  lancet. 

DSCIIAUaSOnt,  Gum  lancet, 

VECIIIREMEXT,  Laceration. 

DKClIlltURE,  Wound,  lacerated— rf.  de  UUte- 
riit.  Uterus,  rupture  of  the. 

DECIDKXTrA,  Cataptosis,  Epilepsy. 

DKCIDUA,  Decidua  uiembrana. 

Dkcid'ua  Meombra'xa,  Dfcid'un,  Deci'd'nous 
Membrane,  from  decidere,  '  to  fall  off,'  (de  and 
iitdere.)  So  called  on  account  of  its  being  consi- 
dereil  to  be  discharged  from  the  uterus  at  partu- 
rition. A  membrane,  formerly  defined  to  be  the 
outermost  membrane  of  the  ffetus  in  utero  ;  and 
still  so  defined  by  some — as  by  Dr.  Lee.  Chaus- 
tier  calls  it  Epiclio'rlon :  by  others,  it  has  been 
called  Me.mUni' na  cadu'ca  Hiiiiteri,  3f.  floeculeu'- 
t(i  seu  celliilo'id  sea  ginuo'xn  seu  rommii'nis  sen 
prOiexiii'teHH,  Decidua  ejcterna  seu  iipoiif/io'sa,  Tii'- 
uicui  exterior  ovi  seu  cadu'ca  seu  crasna,  3Iem- 
hrn'iia  cribro'sa  seu  ovi  mater'ua  seu  miico'sa  seu 
xi'leri  iiilerit'a  ev(dn'ta,  Epiu'iie,  Placen'ta  uteri 
siicceiituria'tKn,  Snbjdncen'ta,  Nidamcn'tum,  An- 
liin'tous  membrane,  (F.)  Cadi«jne,  C.  vraie.  Mem- 
brane cadiiqiie,  A'pioiie,  Periaue  ; — prior  to  the 
time  of  the  Hunters,  called  Cho'rion  npoiif/io'sum 
sou  lometilii'num  sou  fnii(jo'num  sou  reticida'tttm, 
&<:.,  Til' iiica jUa mento' sa,  Sliagi/i/  Chorion,  S!pi>nr/i/ 
Cliorion,  Ac.  Great  diversity  has  prevailed  re- 
garding this  membrane  and  its  reflected  portion. 
It  exists  before  the  germ  arrives  in  the  uterus — 
as  it  has  been  met  with  in  tubal  and  ovarial  preg- 
nancies; and  is  occasioned  by  a.  new  action,  as- 
sumed by  the  uterine  vessels  at  the  moment  of 
C'lnception.  Chaussier,  Lobstein,  Gardien,  Vel- 
peau,  and  others,  consider  it  to  be  a  sao,  without 
fportures,  completely  lining  the  uterus,  and  that 
when  the  ovum  descends  thnuigh  the  tube,  it 
p  ishes  the  decidua  before  it,  «nd  becomes  enve- 
loped in  it,  except  at  the  part  destined  to  form 
tlie  placenta.  That  portion  of  the  membrane 
which  Covers  the  ovum,  forms  the  Membra'na 
diviil'iia  rejtcx'a,  (F.)  Cadiiqne  rf/IMiie,  Mem- 
brane cadiapie  rfjiffliie,  according  to  them  —  the 
l>art  lining  the  uterus  being  the  Decidua  Uteri, 
(F.)  Caduijue  uterine.  Towards  the  end  of  the 
f'urth  mcuith,  the  decidua  reflexa  disappears.  The 
very  existence  of  a  Tunica  decidua  rejlcxa  has, 
however,  been  denied.  This  last  membrane  has 
received  various  names.  Dr.  Granville,  regard- 
ing if  as  the  external  membrane  of  the  ovum,  has 
termed  it  Cortex  ovi.  It  has  also  been  termed 
Inrolu'crum  membrana'c<'Hm,  Membra'na  reti- 
Jiirm'iit  cho'rii  seu  filamrnto'na  seu  adrentit"ia 
feu  eruMsa,  Ornliue  and  Decid'ua  protrn'sa.  To 
the  membrane  which,  according  to  Bojanus  and 
others,  is  situate  between  the  placenta  and  the 
uterus,  and  which  he  considers  to  be  produced 


at  a  later  period  than  the  decidua  vera,  he  gav 
the  name  membra'na  decid'ua  scro'tina. 

Histological  researches  seem  to  show,  that  the 
decidua  is  an  altered  condition  of  the  lining 
metnbrane  of  the  uterus,  with  a  whitish  secretion 
filling  the  uterine  tubular  glands.  The  decidua 
reflexa  is  probably  formed  by  the  agency  of  nu- 
cleated cells  from  the  plastic  materials  thrown  out 
from  the  decidua  uteri;  in  the  same  manner  as 
the  chorion  is  formed  in  the  Fallopian  Tube  from 
plastic  materials  thrown  out  from  its  lining  mem- 
brane. That  the  decidua  reflexa  is  not  a  mere 
inverted  portion  of  the  decidua  uteri  is  shown 
by  the  fact,  that  the  texture  of  the  two  is  by  no 
means  identical. 

DEriDUA  PiioTnrsA.  Decidua  reflexa. 

DECIDUOUS  MEMBRANE,  Decidua  (mem- 
brana). 

DECIGRAMME,  Decigram'mn,  from  decimus, 
'the  tenth  part,'  and  ypajxna,  'gramme.'  The 
tenth  part  of  the  gramme  in  weight;  equal  to  a 
little  loss  than  two  grains,  French  ;   1.548  Troj-. 

DECEMA'NA  FEBRIS,  from  decem,  'ten.' 
An  intermittent,  whose  paroxysms  return  every 
10th  day  or  every  9  days.     It  is  supposititious. 

DECLAMA'TION,  Dedama'tio,  from  de,  and 
clamure,  clamatum,  'to  cry  out.'  The  art  of  de- 
picting the  sentitnents  by  inflections  of  the  voice, 
accompanied  with  gestures,  which  render  the 
meaning  of  the  speaker  more  evident,  and  infuse 
into  the  minds  of  the  auditors  the  emotions  with 
which  he  is  impressed.  Declamation  may  become 
the  cause  of  disease :  the  modification,  produced 
in  the  pulmonary  circulation,  —  accompanied  by 
the  great  excitement,  sometimes  experienced, — is 
the  cause  of  many  morbid  afl'ections;  particularly 
of  pneumonia,  haemoptysis,  and  apoplexy.  In 
moderation,  it  gives  a  healthy  excitement  to  the 
frame. 

DECLTN,  Decline. 

DECLINATIO,  Decline. 

DECLINE,  Declina'tin,  Inclina'tin,  Becre- 
men'tum,  Itemin'aio,  Parac'me,  Parac' manis,  (F.) 
Declin,  from  de,  and  clinare,  'to  bend.'  That 
period  of  a  disorder  or  paroxysm,  at  which  the 
symptoms  begin  to  abate  in  violence.  We  speak, 
also,  of  the  decline  of  life,  or  of  the  powers,  (F.) 
Declin  de  I'affe,  L'aye  de  declin,  when  the  phy- 
sical and  moral  faculties  lose  a  little  of  their  ac- 
tivity and  energy.     See  Phthisis,  and  Tabes. 

DECLIVE.  (F.)  Becli'vii,  from  de,  •  from,'  and 
cliruK,  'acclivity.'  Inclining  downwards.  This 
epithet  is  applied  to  the  most  depending  part  of  a 
tumour  or  abscess. 

DECOCTE,  Decoction. 

DECOCTION,  Decuc'tio,  from  decoquere,  'to 
boil,'  ((/e  and  coquere,  ci/ctum.)  Epse'sis,  Apoz'esin, 
Zeitia,  Ifepne'sis.  Aphepnis,  (F.)  Decoction.  The 
operation  of  boiling  certain  ingredients  in  a  fluid, 
for  the  i)urposo  of  extracting  the  parts  soluble  at 
that  temperature.  Decoction,  likewise,  means 
the  product  of  this  operation,  to  which  the  terms 
Dccoctum,  Zcma,  Aphepie'ina,  Ap'ozem,  Apoz'ema, 
Hepse'nia.  CIii/Iuk  and  Epuc'nia,  (F.)  Decocte,  Hy- 
drole,  Hiidndite,  have  been  apjjlied  according  to 
ancient  custom,  in  order  to  avoid  any  confusion 
between  the  operation  and  its  product; — as  pircB- 
paratio  is  used  for  the  act  of  preparing;  prcspa- 
ratum.  for  the  thing  prepared. 

Decoction  of  Aloes,  Compound,  Decoctum 
aloes  compositum  —  d.  of  Bark,  Decoctum  Cin- 
chonae — d.  of  Bark,  pale,  see  Decoctum  CinchouiB 
—  d.  of  Bark,  red,  see  Decoctum  Cinchonie  —  d. 
of  Bark,  yellow,  see  Decoctum  Cinchon* — d.  of 
Barley,  Decoctum  hordei — d.  of  Barle_v,  com- 
pound, Decoctum  hordei  compositum — d.  Bitter, 
Decoctum  nraarum — d.  of  Broom,  Decoctum  sco- 
parii  —  d.  of  Broom,  compound,  Decoctum  sco- 


DECOCTUM 


278 


DECOCTUM 


parii  compositura — d.  of  Cabbnge  tree  bark,  Dc- 
coctuni  geoftViViip  inermis — d.  of  Cassia,  Decoctuin 
cassias  —  d.  of  Chamomile,  Decoctum  anthemidis 
nohilis — d.  of  Cinchona,  Decoctum  Cinchonae — d. 
of  Cinchona,  compound  laxative,  Decoctum  kinie 
kinre  eomposituin  et  laxans — d.  of  Colomba,  com- 
p>und,  Decoctum  Colombae  compositum  —  d.  of 
Dandelion,  Decoctum  Taraxaci — d.  of  Dogwood, 
Decoctum  Cornds  Floridae — d.  of  Elm  bark,  De- 
coctum ulmi — d.  of  Flaxseed,  compound,  Decoc- 
tum Liiii  cumpositum — d.  of  Foxglove,  Decoctum 
digitalis  —  (/.  (Je  G<n/nc  coniposee,  Ac,  Decoctum 
de  Guyaco  compositum  —  d.  of  Guaiacum,  com- 
jiound,  DcCv^ctum  Guaiaci  compositum — d.  of 
(luaiacum,  compound  purgative,  Decoctum  de 
(luaynco  compositum  —  d.  of  Hartshorn,  burnt, 
Mistura  cornu  usti  —  d.  of  Hellebore,  white,  De- 
coctum veratri  —  d.  of  Iceland  moss,  Decoctum 
cetrariae — d.  of  Logwood,  Decoctum  haematoxyli 
— d.  of  Marshmallows,  Decoctum  altha>;e — d.  de 
Mauve  C(iiiij)o«ee,  Decoctum  malviC  ccinpositum — 
d.  of  Oak  bark,  Decoctum  querciis  —  d.  d'Orr/e, 
Decoctum  hordei — d.  d'Orr/e  coiiiponee,  Decoctum 
liordei  coinpositiini — d.  of  Pareira  Brava,  Decoc- 
tum Pareira;  —  d.  of  Pipsissewa,  Decpctum  chi- 
nia)ihilao — d.  of  Poppy,  Decoctum  papaveris — d. 
of  Quince  seeds,  Decoctum  cydoniae — d.  de  Qiiiu- 
qiiiiia  fDinpoxee  et  /cj-iilit'e,  Decoctum  kinjB  kinje 
compositum  et  iaxans  —  d.  de  Sdhepnreille  coin- 
poHee,  Decocturu  sarsaparillae  compositum — d.  of 
Sarsaparilla,  Decoctum  sarsa.parillse  —  d.  of  Sar- 
saparilla,  compound,  Decoctuin  sarsaparillae  com- 
positum—d.  of  Sarsaparilla,  false,  Decoctum  ara- 
lii«  nudicaulis — d.  of  Si(uill,  Decoctum  scillie — d. 
of  Tornientil,  Decoctum  Tormentillaj — d.  of  Uva 
ursi,  Decoctum  uvae  ursi  —  d.  of  the  AVoods,  De- 
coctum (Juaiaci  compositum — d.  of  Woody  night- 
shade, Decoctum  dulcamaraj- — -d.  of  Zittmann, 
Decoctum  Zittmanni. 

DECOCTUM,  Decoction  — d.  Album,  Mistura 
cornu  usti. 

Decootum  Ai/oi^s  Compos'itum,  Decnctnm 
Aloes,  B'lhiim  of  Life,  Compniind  Decoction  of 
Aloes.  (Ext.  ;/lijc.  ,^vij,  potiiHS.  enib.  ^},  aloes, 
vii/rrhcB  contrit. :  croci  aa  ^'iss^,  aqiite  Diss  (Imp. 
mens.).  Boil  to  Oj  :  strain,  and  add  tiiict.  card, 
c.  ^vij.  Phann.  L.)  The  gum  and  extractive  are 
dissolved  in  this  preparation.  The  alkali  is  added 
to  take  up  a  little  of  the  resin.  The  tincture  pre- 
vents it  from  spoiling.  It  is  gently  cathartic. 
Dose,  f3ss  to  ^ij. 

Decoctum  Alto-k'te,  3f!sfura  AIiTkb'cb,  D. 
(ihho'.a;  offichiii'lis :  Decoction  or  Jfixtiire  of 
j\lin-nh-}n<illotos,  (F.)  Decoction  de  Giiiinauce. 
(Had.  (dthacB  sice.  §iv.  uvar.  passar.  ^ij,  aqiia;, 
Ovij.  Boil  to  Ov.  Pour  off  the  clear  liquor. 
P/iiirm.  E.)     It  is  used  as  a  demulcent. 

Decoctum  Ama'rum  ;  Bitter  Decoction.  {Rnd. 
gent.  2j.  aqnoB  Oijss.  Boil  for  a  quarter  of  an 
hour ;  aild  species  aninrcB  3'j-  Infuse  for  two 
hours  and  filter,  without  exjiressing.  Pharm.  P.) 
It  is  tonic.     Dose,  f^ss  to  ^^ij. 

Decoctum  Amyli,  Mucilago  amyli. 

Decoctum  Anthem'idis  Nob'ilis,  D.  Chanice- 
me'li ;  Decoction  of  Cham'omile.  (Flor.  anthe- 
mid.  nobil.  ,^j,  sein.  carul  ,^iv,  aqua  Ov.  Boil 
for  fifteen  minutes  and  strain.  Pharm.  E.)  It 
contains  bitter  extractive  and  essential  oil,  dis- 
solved in  water.  It  is  used,  occasionally,  as  a 
vehicle  for  tonic  powders,  pills,  &c.,  and  in  fo- 
mentations and  glysters  ;  but  for  the  last  pur- 
pose, warm  water  is  equally  efEcacious.  The 
Duhlin  college  has  a  compound  decoction. 

Decoctum  Aua'li^  Nudicau'lis  ;  Decoction 
of  False  Sitrsnparill'n.  (Aralia  nudieaul.  ^vj, 
aqum  Oviij.  Digest  for  four  hours,  and  *ben  boil 
to  fiiur  pints  :  press  out  and  strain  the  uecoction. 
Former  Ph.  U.  <S'.)      It  is  u.sGd  as  a  stomachic^ 


but  it  .s  an  unnecessary  and  laborious  prepa- 
ration. 

Decoctum  Cas'si^;  Decoction  of  Cassia.  [Cm- 
si(B  pulp.  ^\),  oqutr.  Oij.  Boil  for  a  few  niiniiles, 
filter  without  expression,  and  add  sijrnp.  vinlar. 
3J,  or  mnn)i(E  pur.  ^\}.  Pharm.  ]'.)  It  is  lax- 
ative, in  the  dose  of  ^vj. 

Decoctum  Cetha'ui-k,  Decoctum  Liche'nis  U. 

land'ici.  Decoction  of  Iciland  Moss.  (Cetrar.  Sjis, 
aqua  Oiss.  Boil  to  a  pint,  and  strain  with  cdhi. 
pression.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  consists  of  hitter  ex- 
tractive and  fecula,  dissolved  in  water,  iiiid  'm 
operation  is  tonic  and  demulcent.  Dose,  f  ;j  to 
^^iv.  It  is  also  nutrient,  but  hardly  worthy  of 
the  rank  of  an  officinal  preparation. 

Decoctum  ChaMjEMELI,  Decoctum  aiithciuidij 
nobilis. 

DecOCTITM  CiiimAPh'iL^,  Decoction  of  PI pnin'. 
sewa.  {Chlmaph.  contus.  3J,  iiqua:  Oiss.  Boil  to 
a  pint,  and  strain.  Pharm.  U.  S.)  A  pint  ni;iy 
be  given  in  the  course  of  the  twenty-four  iioiir.-i. 

Decoctum  Cixcho'n/e,  D.  Cor'ticis  Oiueliiina; 
seu  KiufB  KincE,  Decoction  of  Vinchoiin  or  of 
Bark.  [Cinchon.  cort.  contus.  ^j,  aqua-  Oj.  lioil 
for  ten  minutes,  in  a  slightlj'-covered  vessel,  ami 
strain  while  hot.  It  contains  qninia  and  resinous 
extractive,  dissolved  in  water.  Long  coction  oxy- 
genates and  precipitates  the  extractive.  It  i-.in 
be  given,  where  the  powder  does  not  sit  easy, 
<fcc.     Dose,  f^j  to  ,^iv. 

The  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States  has  a 
Decoctum  Cinchona;  Jiarm,  Decoction  of  ycilnw 
bark,  and  a  Decoctum  Cinchona  ruhrm,  DecM-tinn 
of  red  bark,  both  of  which  are  prepared  as  iilnive. 
The  London,  Edinburgh,  and  Dublin  Colleges 
have  a  Decoctum  Cinchona  i^allida,  Decoction  of 
Pale  Bark. 

Decoctum  CoLOM'ByE  Compos'itum;  Compound 
Decoction  of  Colomba.  (Culomb.  contus.,  qunssia:, 
aa  ,^ij,  cort.  aurant,  Zj,  rhej  pulv.  ^j,  pntiiKua 
carbonat.  ^as,  aqua  ^xx.  Boil  to  a  pint,  nnil 
add  tinct.  lanand.  f^ss.  Former  Ph.  U.  <V.) 
Given  as  a  tonic,  but  not  worthy  an  officinal 
station. 

Deco(;tum  Commune  pho  Ci-YSTEnE,  D.  ninlva; 
compositum  —  d.  Cornu  cervini,  Mistura  cornu 
usti. 

Decoctum  CohnOs  Flor'id^,  Decoctian  cf 
Doffwood.  {Cornds  Florid,  cont.  ^j,  arpias  Oj. 
Boil  for  ten  minutes  in  a  covered  vessel,  aiid 
strain  while  hot.     Pharm.  U.  S.)     Dose,  f  Jiss. 

Decoctum  Cydo'ni>e,  Mucila'ijo  Sem'inis  Ci/- 
do' nil  Mali  sen  Sem'inum  Ci/doniu'rum ;  Decor 
tion  or  Mu'cilaf/e  of  Quince  seeds.  [Cijdnnid 
sem.  ^ij,  (iqna;  Oj.  Boil  for  ten  minutes  over  a 
gentle  fire,  and  strain.  Pharm.  L.)  It  is  merely 
a  solution  of  mucilage  in  water,  and  is  used  as  a 
demulcent. 

Decoctum  Daphnes  Meze'rei,  Decoctum  ih-- 
ze'rei,  Decoction  of  Meze'reon.  (Mezerei,  |5'ji 
c/lt/ct/rrh.  cont.  5J,  aqua  Oij.  Boil  over  a  gentle 
fire  to  Oiss,  and  strain.  Ph.  E.)  The  acrimony 
of  the  mezereon  and  the  saccharine  mucilage  of 
the  liquorice  root  are  imparted  to  the  water.  It 
is  somewhat  stimulant,  and  has  been  used  in 
secondary  syphilis;  but  is  devoid  of  power. 
Dose,  f,^iij  to  ^vj. 

Decoctum  DiAPHonETicuM,  D.  Guaiaci  compo- 
situm— d.  pro  Enemate,  D.  malvao  compositum. 

Decoctum  Digita'lis,  Decoction  of  For-f/lor"- 
(Fol.  diijit.  sice.  3J,  aqua  q.  s.  ut  colentur  f^viij. 
Let  the  liquor  begin  to  boil  over  a  slow  fire,  anJ 
then  remove  it.  Digest  for  fifteen  minutes,  ami 
strain.  Pharm.  D.)  It  possesses  the  properties 
of  the  plant.     Dose,  f^ij  to  giij. 

Decoctum  Dui.cama'r>e,  Decoction  of  Wnndy 
Ni(/htshade.  (Dulcamara  cont.  ^j,  aqua  Oli-s. 
Boil  to  Oj,  and  strain.  Pharm.  U.  S.)  This  ile- 
coction  has  been  considered  diuretic  ^nd  diapho- 


DECOCTUM 


270 


DECOCTUM 


retic,  and  has  been  administered  extensively  in 
skin  (ii.^eascs.  It  is  probably  devoid  of  cflSciicy. 
DiocncriiM  piio  Fomicnto,  D.  papaveris. 
DKi.orTiiM  (iKOFFti.t;'^;  Ineum'is;  Decnrjion 
of  (Jitliliniji-TreK  Hark.  (Curt,  yeojfr.  iiiennii,  in 
pulv.  _^j,  At/ii(B  Oij.  Boil  over  a  slow  fire  to  a 
pint,  and  strain.  I'hiirm.  E.)  It  is  possessed  of 
antlielinintic,  purgative,  and  narcotic  properties, 
and  lias  been  chiefly  used  for  tlie  first  of  tlicse 
purposes.  Dose,  to  cliildren,  f^ij  —  to  adults, 
15ssto5ij. 

Dkcoctum  Guai'aci  Compos'ithm,  D.  Gi(atac> 
offiriii'i'lifi  com /ton'  i  I  inn  seu  Lii/iio'  nun  seu  de 
(f'lc/dco  rompoti' ititiii  seu  sndurl/' imin  seu  diitpho- 
ret'iciiin;  Coniptiund  decoction  of  Giidinciim,  De- 
coction of  the  Woodi.  {Li(/ii.  giiiiiae.  rasur.  ^iij, 
finct.  nice,  vitii  vini/er.  X\},  rnd.  tnnri.  HnsHiifr. 
concis.,  rod.  i)li/ryrrli.  aa  _^j,  aqiicB  Ox.  Boil  the 
Ouaiacuni  and  raisins  over  a  shiw  fire  to  Ov : 
adding  the  roots  towards  tlie  end,  tlien  strain. 
Pliiinn.  E.)  It  is  possessed  of  stimulant  proper- 
ties, and  has  l)een  fjiven  in  syphilitic,  cutaneous, 
and  rheuuiatic  aft'ections.  The  resin  of  the 
guaiaciim  is,  however,  insoluble  in  water,  so  that 
the  guaiac  wood  in  it  cannot  be  supposed  to  pos- 
sess much,  if  any,  effect.  The  Parisian  Codex 
has  a 

Dr:cocTUM  he  Ghyaco  CoMPOs'iTirM  et  Pur- 
GANS.  (F.)  Decoction  de  Gai/ac  Coiiiposic  et  Pitr- 
gnlive  ;  ('oiii/iouiid  puiyjntive  Decoction  of  Guai'- 
aciiin.  (Lli/n.  r/noiac.  rasp.,  rnd.  nornop.  aa  ,^j, 
poiiinn.  cmhonixt.  gr.  x.w.  Macerate  for  twelve 
hours,  asitatlns  occasionally,  in  rvdfcr  Oiv,  until 
there  remain  Oiij.  Then  inthse  in  it  fol.  senna: 
X'.ii  ''"'/  ,•5.''  ''.'/"•  mitiiifi'-,  y^.V.i/i'i'h.  roil,  aa  5'j> 
Hill,  ciii-iditd.  J5J-  Strain  gently,  suffer  it  to  settle, 
ind  pour  off  the  clear  supernatant  liquor.  The 
Jtle  suflicienlly  indicates  the  properties  of  the 
jOinposition. 

DKCocTiisf  II^MATOx'yr,!,  Decoction  of  Log- 
iBooil.  (Hcejiiitioxyl.  rasur.  ,^j,  nijntB  Oij.  Boil 
to  a  pint,  and  strain.     Phann.  U.  S.) 

Dkcoctum  IIkllrbohi  Albi,  D.  veratri. 

DtococTUM  Hou'nrci.  Decoctum  Hoidei  Dis'- 
tichi,  J'tii'diia  Illppocriit' icii,  Tipid'iia,  Tnp- 
la'rid,  Ai/ii't  llorilea'tn,  Hi/drocri'the,  Bnr/et/ 
Wntei;  Dccoc'tion  of  Darlei/,  (F.)  Decoction 
d'Orge,  Tisane  Commune.  {Hord.  ^ij,  AqiicB 
Oivss.  Wash  the  barley  well,  boil  for  a  few 
minutes  in  «v(/er  Oss  :  strain  this,  anij  throw  it 
nwaj',  and  add  the  remainder,  boiling.  Boil  to 
Oij,  and  strain.  Pliorm.  L.)  It  is  nutritive  and 
demulcent,  and  is  chiefly  used  as  a  common  drink, 
and  in  glysters. 

Dkcoc'tum  IIordri  Covpos'itum,  Decoctnm 
pecliiro'/e,  Jfintu'rn  Hor'dei,  Ptix'ann  rominn'nin  ; 
CiDiipoitiid  Decoction  of  Barley,  (F.)  Decoction 
d'Orije  componfe.  (Decoct,  hord.  Oij,  caricm 
fruct.  concis.  ,^iiss,  glycyrrh.  rod.  concis.  et  con- 
tus.  ^\j.  urarnin  pans,  dcmptis  acinis.  .^ijss,  oqiitg 
Oj.  Boil  to  Oij.  and  strain.  Phann.  L.)  It  has 
similar  properties  to  the  last. 

Dkoocti'm  KiNiE  Ki.NyE,  D.  Cinchonas. 

Decocti'm  KiN.fi  KiNv*;  Compos'itum  et  Lax- 
AVS,  Decoction  de  qniixpiiiin  componee  et  laxative ; 
Compound  la.r'atirc  decoction  of  Cinchona.  (Cort. 
cinchon.  1^],  aqua;  Oij.  Boil  for  a  quarter  of  an 
hour,  remove  it  from  the  fire ;  then  infuse  in  it. 
for  half  an  hour,  fol.  aenna.,  xodm  unlph.  aa  ^V^  : 
add  nyrup.  de  senna  f,^j.)  Its  title  indicates  its 
properties. 

Decocthm  LiPHEXis  Isi.Asnici,  Deeoctum  Ce- 
trariae — d.  Lignorum,  D.  Guaiaci  eompositum. 

Decocttm  LrNi  CoMPOs'nrst,  Compound  De- 
toctinn  of  Fla-mecd.  (Liiii  _^j,  Glycyrrhiz.  con- 
lus.  J5ss,  aqua-  Oiss.  Boil  for  ten  minutes,  and 
Itrnin.     Ph.  D.) 

DKrocTiiM  Malv.e  CoMPOJs'iTtTM,  Decoctnm 
pro  cnem'ate  seu  comma' ne  pro  clyste're ;   Com- 


pound Decoction  of  Mallow,  (F.)  Decoction  de 
Jfaui'e  comjiosee.  (ilalrce  e.rsicc.  ^j,  aiithcmid, 
Jior.  exsicc.  ^ss.  aquce  Oj.  Boil  forfiltcen  minutes 
and  strain.)  It  consists  of  bitter  extractive,  and 
mucilage  in  water,  and  is  chiefly  used  for  clysters 
and  fomentations.  It  is  unworthy  a  place  in  the 
pharmacopoeias. 

Decoctum  Mezeuei,  D.  daphnes  mezerei. 

Decoctum  Papav'euis,  Decoc'tum  pro  Fo- 
wen'to,  Fotns  commii'tiis;  Decoction  of  Poppy. 
{Papav.  somnif.  capsul.  concis.  ,^iv,  aqua  Oiv. 
Boil  for  fifteen  minutes,  and  strain.  Phmm.  L.) 
It  contains  the  narcotic  principle  of  the  poppy, 
and  mucilage  in  water:  is  anodyne  and  emol- 
lient, and  employed  as  such  in  fomentation,  in 
painful  swelliniis,  ulcers,  <tc. 

Decoctum  Parei'r.e,  Decoction  of  Pareira 
Braoa.  [Pareir.  brav.  ^x,  Aq.  destillat  Oiss, 
(Imp.  meas.)  Boil  to  a  pint  and  strain.  Dose, 
f^j  to  ^ij. 

Decoctum  Pectorale,  D.  hordei  eompositum 
— d.  Polygalse  Senegas,  D.  Senegi^. 

Decoctum  Quercus  Alb^,  D.  QuercCis  lio'- 
boris  :  Decoction  of  White  Oak  Bark.  (Quercus 
cort."^'),  aquat  Oiss.  Boil  to  a  pint,  and  strain. 
Pharm.  U.  S.)  It  is  astringent,  and  used  as 
such,  in  injections,  in  leucorrhoea,  uterine  heinor- 
rhage,  &c.,  as  well  as  in  the  form  of  fomentation 
to  unhealthy  ulcers. 

Decoctum  Sars^,  Decoctum  Sarsaparilla;. 

Decoctum  Sarsaparil'i.^e,  D.  iSmi'/acin  Sar- 
saparil/cB,  I).  SarsfB,  D.  Sarza ;  Decoctinn  of 
Sarsaparil/a.  (Sarsaparill.  rad.  concis.  ^:^v,  aq. 
fervent.  Oiv.  CImp.  meas.)  Macerate  for  four 
hours  near  the  fire,  in  a  lightly-covered  vessel; 
then  bruise  the  root;  macer;ite  again  for  two 
hours:  then  boil  to  Oij,  and  strain.  Pharm.  L.) 
It  contains  bitter  extractive,  and  mucilage  in 
water;  is  demulcent,  and  has  been  used,  although 
it  is  doubtful  with  what  efficacy,  in  the  sequela) 
of  syphilis.     Dose,  f.^iv  to  Oss. 

Decoctum  Sarsaparill>«  Compos'itum:  Com- 
pound  Decoction  of  Sarsapari/'la,  (F.)  Decoction 
de  Salsepnreille  Componee.  (Sarsaparill.  conci". 
etcontus  ^vj,  Sasnafr.  Cort.  concis.,  Lign,  Guaiac. 
rasur.,  Pad.  Glycyrrhiz.  contus.,  aa  ^j,  Mezerei, 
concis.  Jiij' ^?"<E  Oiv.  Boil  fifteen  minutes,  and 
strain.  Pharm.  U.  S.)  This  is  considered  to  be 
possessed  of  analogous  properties  to  the  celebrr.terl 
Lisbon  Diet-Drink,  Decoc'tumLusitan'icum,  which 
it  resembles  in  composition. 

Decoctum  Sarz^,  Decoctum  Sarsnparillas. 

Decoctum  ScilL/E  ;  Decoction  of  Squill.  (Scil. 
la,  ^vj,  juniper,  ^iv.  Senega:,  ^iij.  Aqua  Oiv. 
Boil  till  one  half  the  liquor  is  consumed;  strain, 
and  add  spirit  of  nitrous  ether,  f^iv.  Former 
Pharm.  U.  S.)     Dose,  f.^ss. 

Decoctum  Scopa'rii,  Decoction  of  Broon 
(Scopar.  exsiccat.  ,^ss,  (avoirdupois);  Aqtia  Oss. 
(Imp.  meas.)  Boil  for  ten  minutes  and  strain. 
—Ph.  D.) 

Decoctum  Scopa'rii  Compos'itum,  D.  Sco]>nril 
(Ph.  E.),  Compound  Decoction  of  Broom  (Scopar., 
Junip.  cont.,  Taraxac.  cont.,  au  ^ss;  Aq.  destillot. 
Oiss,  (Imp.  meas.)  Boil  to  a  pint,  and  strain. 
Ph.  L.)  Dose,  half  a  pint  to  a  pint,  in  the  day ; 
as  a  diuretic,  in  dropsy. 

Decoctum  Ski^'egm.D.  Polyg'ala  Senega  :  De- 
coction of  Senega.  (Seneg.  cont.  ^j,  aqua  Oiss. 
Boil  to  Oj,  and  strain.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  reputed 
to  be  diuretic,  purgative,  and  stimulant,  and  has 
been  given  in  dropsy,  rheumatism,  &c. 

DRC0CTU>r  Smilacis  SarsaparilLvE,  D.  sarsa- 
parillae — d.  Sudorificum,  D.  Guaiaci  eompositum. 

Decoctum  Tarax'act,  Decoction  of  Dandeli'on. 
(Taraxac.  contus.  ^^iv,  aqua  Oiss.  (Tin)),  meas.) 
Boil  to  a  pint.  And  strain.    Ph.  L.)     Dosef^iss. 

Decoctum  ToRMRNTn.'T..E,  Decoction  of  Tor- 
mentil.   ( Tormentil.  cont^y,  Aqua  destiilat.  Oiss. 


DECOLLATION 


280 


DEFENSIVUM 


(Imp.  iiieas.)  Boil  to  a  pint,  and  strain.  Dose, 
as  an  astringent,  one  or  two  fluid  ounces. 

Dkcoctl'M  Ulmi,  D.  Ulini  Campcs'tris,  Decoc- 
tion of  Elm  Btiik.  (  Uiini  cort.  receiit.  cunt,  ^iiss, 
(iijitcB  Oij.  (Imp.  nioas.)  Boil  to  Oj,  and  strain. 
J'i'i.  L.)  It  is  ii  reputed  diuretic,  and  has  been 
Used  in  lepra  and  herpes  ;  but,  probably,  has  no 
clScacy.     Dose,  f.^iv  to  Oss. 

Di;cocti;m  Uv.k  Unsr,  Decoction  of  uva  tirsi. 
(UviB  umi,  ^5J,  aquas,  f.^xx.  Boil  to  a  pint  and 
strain.     Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  f3iss. 

Decoctum  Vkra'tri,  Detoctum  Helhh'ori  alhi; 
Decoction  of  White  Hel'lebore.  (  Veiatri  rad. 
coiit.  3J,  aqucB  Oij,  xpir.  rec.  f.^ij.  Boil  the 
^vatery  decoction  to  Oj,  and,  when  it  is  cold,  add 
Tlie  spirit.  Phann.  L.)  It  is  stimulant,  acrid, 
and  cathartic;  but  is  used  only  externally.  It 
i.-i  a  useful  wash  in  tinea  capitis,  psora,  &e. 
Should  it  excite  intense  pain  on  being  applied,  it 
must  be  diluted. 

Dkcoctum  Zittman'ni,  Zitt'mann's  Decoction. 
A  most  absurd  farrago,  extolled  by  Theden  in 
venereal  diseases,  the  formula  for  which,  accord- 
ing to  Jourdan,  "  some  blockheads  have  lately 
reproduced  among  us  as  a  novelty."  It  is  com- 
posed of  mtisaparilla,  pitlvis  stypticus,  calomel 
and  cinnabar,  boiled  in  jod^er  with  nniaecd,  fennel 
6t-c(/,  and  liqnorice  root.  A  stronger  And  a  wealcer 
decoction  were  directed  by  Zittmann.  Formulae 
for  its  preparation  are  contained  in  Jourdan's 
Pharmacopoeia  Universalis;  and  in  Lincke's  Voll- 
fciiindiges  llecept-Taschenbuch.     Leipz.,  1841. 

DECOLLA'TION,  Decapita'tion,  Decapita'tio, 
Obtranca'tio,  from  de  and  collnin,  '  the  neck.' 
The  act  of  separating  the  head  from  the  trunk, 
by  the  section  of  the  neck,  as  in  cases  of -dystocia. 

DECOLLEMENT,  (F.)  Decjlntina'tio,  (from 
de  and  coUer,  'to  glue.')  The  state  of  an  organ 
that  is  separated  from  the  surrounding  parts, 
owing  to  destruction  of  the  areolar  membrane 
which  united  them.  The  skin  is  decollee,  1.  e. 
separated  from  the  subjacent  parts,  by  a  burn, 
subcutaneous  abscess,  <tc. 

DECOLLEMENT  DU  PLACENTA  is  the 
separation  or  detachment  of  the  whole  or  a  part 
of  the  placenta  from  the  inner  surface  of  the  ute- 
rus. DecoNement,  from  de,  'from,'  and  colliim, 
•  the  neck,'  obtmnca'tio.  also  means  the  separa- 
tinii  of  the  head  of  the  fretus  from  the  trunk,  the 
Litter  remaining  in  the  uterus. 

DECOLORA'TION,  Decolora'tio,  Discolora'- 
tio,  from  de,  'from,'  and  colorare,  colorattim,  'to 
colour.'  Loss  of  the  natural  colour;  Parachro'sis. 
Devoid  of  colour- — Achroma'aia. 

In  Pharmacy,  any  process  by  which  liquids,  or 
solids  in  solution,  are  deprived  wholly  or  in  part 
of  their  colour, — as  by  bringing  them  in  contact 
with  animal  charcoal. 

DECOMPOSEE  (F.),  from  de,  'from,'  and 
cotiiponere,  compoaitiim,  '  to  compose.'  Decom- 
jjo'ied,  Dlssoltt'ttis.  An  epithet,  applied  to  the 
f.ice  when  extensively  changed  in  its  expression 
and  colour;  as  in  the  choleric  or  moribund. 

DECOllTICA'TION,  from  de,  'from,'  and 
ca-tex,  corticia,  '  bark.'  An  operation,  which 
consists  in  separating  the  bark  from  roots, 
stalks,  Ac. 

UECOS'TIS,  Apleu'roa,  from  de,  priv.,  and 
coHta,  'a  rib.'     One  who  has  no  ribs. 

DECREMENTUM,  Decline. 

DECKEl'IT,  see  Decrepitude. 

BECliEP'lTVDE, Decrepitii'do,^ta8decrep'{. 
ta,  Ul'tima  senec'tns,  Senec'ta  decrep'ita  seu  ex- 
Ire'mtt  seu  snmma  seu  ul'tima,  from  decrepitns, 
(fie,  and  crepere,  crepitnm,  '  to  creak,')  'very  old.' 
The  last  period  of  old  age,  and  of  human  life; 
which  ordinarily  occurs  about  the  eightieth  year. 
It  may,  however,  bo  accelerated  or  protracted. 


Its  character  consists  in  tlie  progressive  series 
of  phenomena  which  announce  the  apijroacliiiig 
extinction  of  life.  One  in  this  stage  of  existence 
is  said  to  be  dccrep'il,  decrc))' irnn,  (F.)  decrfpit, 

DECllETORII  DIES,  Critical  days. 

DECU'BITUS,  from  decitmhcre,  (de,  and  cm- 
here,  cubitnm,  'to  lie,')  'to  lie  dnwn.'  Cuha'tio, 
Lj'ing  down.  Assuming  tlie  horizontal  posture, 
cu'bituH  supi'nus  ;  (F.)  Uoncher.  J/ord  devnbiltln, 
'  at  bed  time.'  The  French  say — Deciibiiiix  hurl- 
zontal,  siir  le  dos,  aur  le  cotf,  for,  lying  iu  the 
horizontal  posture,  on  the  back  or  side. 

DECURTA'TUS,  i/ciovpos,  or  intiovpi^wv,  from 
de,  and  curt  us,  'short,'  'shortened,  curtailed,' 
'running  to  a  point.'  AVhen  ajiplied  to  thejuilse, 
it  signifies  a  progressive  diminution  in  the  streni'lh 
of  the  arterial  pulsations,  whid),  at  last,  cease. 
If  the  pulsations  return  and  gradually  acquire  all 
their  strength,  it  is  called  PuUua  dccurtu'tiia  re- 
cip/roeiiH. — Galen. 

DECUSSATIO,  Decussation  — d.  Pyramidum, 
see  Corpora  pyramidalia. 

DECUSSA'TION,  Decnasa'tio,  China'vms,  /„. 
crucia'tio,  Interaec'tio,  Intrtcaln'ra,  from  decuMnis, 
that  is,  decern  assca  ;  also,  the  figure  of  the  letter 
X.  Union  in  the  shape  of  an  X  or  cross.  Ana- 
tomists use  this  term  chiefly  in  the  case  of  the 
nerves  —  as  the  decnasation  (f  the  optic  nerves, 
which  cross  each  other  within  the  cranium. 

Dkcussatio.v  or  the  Pykamids,  see  Corpora 
pyramidalia. 

DECUSSO'RIUM,  from  decvtio.  decnuum,  (de, 
and  quatio,)  'I  shake  down,'  (F.)  Becnsaoire. 
An  instrument  used  by  the  ancients,  for  depress- 
ing the  dura  mater,  and  facilitating  the  exit  of 
substances  effused  on  or  under  that  membrane. 
It  is  described  by  Scultetus,  Pare,  Ac.  See 
Meningophylax. 

DEDAIGNEUX,  Rectus  superior  oculi. 

DEDE.  Death. 

DEDENTITION,  see  Dentition. 

DEDOLA'TION,  Dedola'tio,  from  dcdoh,rc,{de, 
and  dolare,  dolntnm,)  'to  cut  and  hew  with  an 
axe.'  This  word  has  been  used  liy  surgeons  to 
express  the  action  by  which  a  cutting  instrument 
divides  obliquely  any  part  of  the  body,  and  pro- 
duces a  wound  with  loss  of  substance.  It  is  com- 
monly on  the  head,  that  wounds  by  dcdolation 
are  observed.  When  there  was  a  complete  sepa- 
ration of  a  portion  of  the  bone  of  the  cranium, 
the  ancients  called  it  Apoaeeparuia' mna. 

DEERBALLS,  Elaphomj'ces  granulatus. 

DKERBERRY,  Gaultheria,  Vaecinium  stami- 
neum. 

DERRFOOD.  Brasenia  bydropeltis. 

DEERS'  TEARS,  Bezo.ar  of  the  Deer. 

DEFATLLANCE,  Syncope. 

DEFECATION,  De/aca'tio,  from  rfe,  and/ffr, 
V\.  ffBcea,  'excrement'  The  act  by  which  the 
excrement  is  extruded  from  the  body.  Cuca'tin, 
Excre'tio  alvi  seu  alvi'na  seu  fcfcum  ahinn'riim, 
Dejec'tio  alvi,  Secea'aio,  Expid'aio  seu  EJec'tio 
fcBcnm,  Apnrjo'fje,  Hijpocliore'aia.  Ecchore'aia,  Ec- 
copro'aia,  Et/ea'tio.  The  faeces  generally  acenmu- 
late  in  the  colon,  being  prevented  by  tlie  annulus 
at  the  top  of  the  rectum  from  descending  freely 
into  that  intestine.  In  producing  evacuations, 
therefore,  in  obstinate  constipation,  it  is  well,  by 
means  of  a  long  tube,  to  throw  the  injection  into 
the  colon. 

In  Phnrmnry,  defecation  means  the  separation 
of  any  substance  from  a  liquid  in  which  it  may 
be  suspended.     See  Clarification. 

DEFEOTIO  ANIML  Syncope. 

DEFECTUS  LOQUEL^,  Aphonia- d.  Ye- 
neris,  Anaphrodisia. 

DEFENSI'VUM,    from    defenders    defenaum, 
to  defend.'  (F. )  Dffenaif     A  preservative  or  de- 
fence.    The  old  surgeons  gave  this  name  to  dif- 


DEFERENS 


281 


DELAPSIO 


fcTcnt  local  njiplications,  made  to  diseasecl  part?, 
lur  the  purpose  of  guardinj;  thein  from  the  iin- 
j)ressioti  of  extraneous  bodies,  and  particularly 
from  till'  contact  of  air. 

Dl';i"i;Rli;NS,  from  defero,  {de,  and  ferre,)  'I 
bear  nuay,'  '  I  transport.' 

Dkkkkk.ns,  Vas,  IJuctus  seu  Cana'Us  deferenn, 
Vibi-d'loi;  (F.)  Conduit  spermatu/ue,  Cnniil  seu 
C'liiidiiit  ilf'ff'rciit,  is  the  e.\cretory  canal  of  the 
fpenii,  which  arises  from  the  epididymis,  de- 
ecribes  numerous  convolutions,  and  witii  the  ves- 
sels and  nerves  of  the  testicle  concurs  in  the  for- 
mation of  the  spermatic  chord,  enters  the  abdo- 
minal rinj;,  and  terminates  in  the  ejaculatory 
duct. 

DEFFBRTNATED,  Defibrinizcd. 
DFl^'I  URINATION,  see  Defibrinized. 
DEFlinUNlZED,  (F.)  JJejlbrioe,  Defih'ri- 
nnled.  From  de,  und  fihriii.  Deprived  of  fibrin. 
A  term  applied  to  l)iood  from  which  the  fibrin 
has  been  removed,  as  by  whipping.  The  act  of 
removing  fibrin  from  the  blood  has  been  termed 
deJibriiKiliiin. 

DEFIUU RATIO,  Deformation. 
DEFLAGRA'TION,  JJcjIoyra'ti'o,  from  defla- 
(jiare,  (i/c,  and  jltKji-ure,  Jlaijrntum,  '  to  burn,') 
•  to  set  on  fire.'  In  pharmacy,  the  rapid  combus- 
tion of  a  substance  with  flame;  great  elevation 
of  temperature  ;  violent  motion,  and  more  or  less 
noise.  Thus,  we  speak  of  tlio  deflagration  of 
nitrate,  and  of  chlorate,  of  potassa,  of  gun- 
powder. Ac. 

DEKLKCTENS,  Derivative. 
DKFLECTIO,  Derivation. 
DEFLORATION,  Stuprum. 
Di:I'M,oua'tion,     Dcpucila'tian,     Drpudica't!nn, 
T>erii(jiim'tion,  Dejlora'tio,   Devirf/iiKi'tio,    Vir'- 
ijiiiis  vititi'tio,  Vin/tn'itaa  deJiora'Ut,  from  dejlo- 
veHcere,   {de,   tind  Jlorcscere,)    'to   shed   flowers.' 
The  act  of  depriving  a  female   of  her  virginity. 
Inspection  of  the  parts  is  the  chief  criterion  of  de- 
floration having  been  forcibly  accomplished  ;  yet 
inquiry  must  be  made,  whether  the   injury  may 
not  have  been  caused  by  another  body  than  the 
male  organ,     lieceiit  dejlorution  is  infinitely  more 
easy   of  detection    than    where    some   time   has 
elapsed. 

DEFLUVIUM,  Aporrhcea  — d.  Capillorum, 
Alopecia — d.  Pihn-um,  Alopecia. 

DEFIiUXIO,  Catarrfi,  Defluxion,  Diarrhoea— 
d.  Catarrliaiis.  Influenza. 

DEFLUX'ION,  Dr/hix'io,  (de,  and  fvere, 
JliLiuiii,  '  to  flow.')  Dcjhix'us,  Cittar'rhijHin,  Ihj- 
poi-'ilii/xh,  Cdtdi-'ilnis.  A  falling  down  of  hu- 
mours from  a  superior  to  an  inferior  part.  It  is 
f-omctiinesn.-^ed  svnonvinouslv  with  inflammation. 
DKFLUXUS  DYSENTElUCUS,  Dysentery. 
DEFORM A'TIOX,  De/ormnHo,  C«co„i,„-'j,h;„, 
Ctictiiii'iijjliij'nis,  JJi/KiiKir'/ilte,  Dijumor'pliiit,  Dyn- 
vioi  jjlio'sin.  Defarm' itat,  Inform' ilnn,  Defiyura'tioi 
l>l''ji(/iini'tl<)ii',  Dr/onii'iti/,  (F.)  Difformite,  from 
de,  aiid/mma.  Morbid  alteration  in  the  form 
of  some  part  of  the  body,  as  of  the  head,  pelvis, 
spine,  itc.  A  deformity  may  be  natural  or  acci- 
dental. 

DE'FRUTUM,  for  De/ervitum,  (de,  nml  ferren, 
'I  bdil.')     (F.)    ]'iii   ciiit.      (Jrapc   must,  boiled 
(hiwn  to  one  half  and  used  as  a  sweetmeat. — Plin. 
Columell.  Isidor.     See  Kob. 
DEFURFURATIO,  see  Desquamation. 
DEFl'SIO,  Decantation. 
DECENERATIO,  Degeneration  — d.  Adiposa 
Coniis.  Steatosis  cordis. 

DEdEXEUA'TION,  Pef^ciieratio,  Nolheu'sis, 
yoihi'a,  from  degeuer,  'unlike  one's  ancestors,' 
(de,  mill  (/eiiiifi,  (j( nciiti,  '  family,')  Der/eii'erac;/, 
(F.)  Dfjdieration,  AhatardiKfirment.  A  change 
for  the  worse — d(</r<id<itioii — in  the  intimate  cora- 
pobilion  of  the  solids  or  fluids  of  the  bodj'.     In 


pathological  anatomy,  derjeueration  means  the 
change  which  occurs  in  the  structure  of  an  organ, 
when  transformed  into  a  matter  essentially  mor- 
bid ;  as  a  cauceronn,  or  tiihenidar,  degeneration. 

Di'iji'iiereHeence  is,  by  the  French  pathologists, 
employed  synonymously  with  Degeneration. 

LEGENJiUESUENCE,  Degeneration  —(i. 
Grdifmeiine  dii  Foi'e,  Adiposis  hefiatica  —  d.  Gra- 
nnlee  du  Jlein,  Kiilney,  Bright's  disease  of  the — 
d.  Ndire,  Melanosis. 

DEGLUTINATIO,  Decollement. 
DEGLUTITIO,  Deglutition— d.  DifBcilis,  Dys- 
phagia— d.  Impedita,  Dysphagia— d.  L.esa,  Dys- 
phagia. 

DE(;LTITIT"ION,Z)cy//(OV"(o,ra/«;/os(«,from 
de,  and  i/liitire,  ijlntltum,  'to  swallow.'  The  act 
by  which  substances  are  passed  from  the  mouth 
into  the  stomach,  through  the  pharynx  and  oeso- 
phagus. It  is  one  of  a  complicated  character, 
and  requires  the  aid  of  a  considerable  number  of 
muscles;  the  first  step  being  voluntary,  the  re- 
mainder executed  under  spinal  and  involuntary 
nervous  influence. 

DEGMUS,  Dexh,  Morsun,  (F.)  J/ojwo-c,  —  a 
bite  in  general,  AijyiiO!,  from  ioKvu),  'I  bite.'  A 
gnawing  sensation  about  the  upper  orifice  of  the 
stomach,  which  was  once  attributed  to  acrimonj 
of  the  liquids  contained  in  that  viscus. 
DEGORGEMENT,  Disgorgement. 
VEGOUT,  Disgust. 
DEGRADATION,  Degeneration. 
DEGREE',  from  deiji-e,  originally  from  f/rndim, 
*a  step.'  A  title  conferred  by  a  college, — as  the 
'  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine.'  Galen  used  this 
expression  to  indicate  the  qualities  of  certain 
drugs.  Both  he  and  his  school  admitted  cold, 
wrirm,  moint,  and  dry  medicines,  and  four  dif- 
ferent '  degrees'  of  each  of  those  (qualities.  Thus, 
Apiiim  was  warm  in  the  fimt  degree.  Agrimony 
in  the  sccnnd,  Roche  Alum  in  the  tliiril,  and  Gar- 
lic in  the/o»/-//i.  Bed<g<n-  was  cold  in  the  fimt, 
the  flower  of  the  Pomegranate  in  the  second,  the 
Sempervivum  in  the  thir<l,  Opium  in  the  fourth, 
<fec.  The  French  use  the  term  dcgre  to  indicate, 
1.  The  intensity  of  an  affection  :  as  a  burn  of  the 
first,  second,  third  degree,  <&e.  2.  The  particular 
stage  of  an  incurable  disease,  as  the  third  degree 
of  phthisis,  cancer  of  the  stomach,  kc. 

DEGUSTA'TION,  Dcgnstn'tio,  from  de,  and 
gnxtare.  gimtofnm,  '  to  ta>te.'  GiiKtation.  The 
appreciation  of  sapid  qualities  by  the  gustatory 
organs. 

DEHIS'CENCE,  Dehiscen'tin,  from  dehiscere 
\  (de,  and  hiscere  'to  gape'),   'to    break    open    in 
chinks.'     Separation   of  a  shut  organ   along  the 
line  of  union.     A  regular  and   determinate  sepa- 
ration, which  takes  jdace  in  a  shut  organ. 
DEICTICOS,  Index. 
DEID,  Death. 

DEIL'S  SNUFFBOX,  Lycoperdon. 
DEIRONCFS.  Bronchocele. 
DEJECTEDNESS.  Deoression. 
DEJECTIO    ALYI,    Defecation —  d.    Alvica, 
Excrement. 

DEJECTION,    from     dejivere.    drjertnm    (de, 
nnd  j'lccre.)  '  to  cast  down.'  Ihjcc'tio.  Snbdnc'tio, 
Bi/p'igo'ge,   Ili/pochorc'sii,  JL/pechnre'six.  Apnp'- 
ntuH,  Ifypop'dlnn,  Hijpoph'orn.    The  expulsion  of 
the  fseces ; — Ejec'tio,  Egen'tio.    Also,  a  fivcal  dis- 
charge or  stool, — generally,  however,  with  oh-ine 
prefixed, — as  an  ahine  l>ej<ctiiin.  Airim  rir'idis, 
Dejcctin  nlri'nn.     Also  de|)repsion  of  spirit.';. 
DEJECTIONES  NIGR.^?,.  xMelxna. 
DE.TECTORIUM.  Cathartic. 
DELACRY.MATIO,  Ei)iphora. 
DET^ACRYMATIVUS,  Apodacryticus. 
DELAPSIO,  Prolapsus. 


DELAPSUS 


282 


DELPHINIUM 


DELAPSUS,  Prolapsus  — d.  Palpcbroa,  Ble- 
pharoptosis. 

DELATIO,  Indication. 

JJIiLAYAXTS,  Diluentia. 

DELCROIX'S  DEPILATORY,  see  Depila- 
tory. C()llev's. 

DELETE'RIOUS,  DeUte'rius,  Peniicio'sun, 
(F.)  Di'lf'lere,  Pentlcicu.r,  from  6v>^€w,  'I  injure.' 
That  wliich  produces  destructive  disorder  in  the 
exercise  and  harmony  of  the  functions. 

DELETERIUM.  Poison. 

DEMERET.  Delirious. 

DELIGATIO,  Deligation,  Ligature,  see  Ban- 
dage. 

DELIGA'TION,  Delitjn'tio,  Epidei'sis,  Deli- 
gatii'ra,  Vut'iientm  dcliyd'tio  seu  viiictu'ra,  Fns- 
cia'rum  Applica' tio,Phuja' mm  Vincta'ra,  Fascia'- 
tio,  from  delifjixre,  dclif/nfiun,  {de,  and  li(j<>,)  '  to 
bind.'  The  deligation  of  wounds  formerly  em- 
briiced  the  application  of  apparatus,  dressings, 
&c.,  —  the  denomination  Dellfja'tor  I'lnga'rum 
being  synonymous  with  3fedicns  Vulnera' riux, 
and  in  derivation,  with  the  Wundarzt,  'wound 
physician'  or  surgeon,  of  the  Germans.  Deliga- 
tion is  hardly  ever  used  now  as  an  English  word. 
In  France,  it  is  applied  to  the  regular  and  me- 
thodical application  of  bandages,  and  to  the 
ligature  of  arteries. 

DELIGATURA,  Deligation. 

DELIQUES'CENT,  DcUqueH'ccm,  from  deli- 
qvesccre,  {de  and  liquescere,)  'to  melt,'  'to  dis- 
solve.' Any  salt  which  becomes  liquid  by  attract- 
ing moisture  from  the  air.  The  deliquescent 
salts  require  to  be  kept  in  bottles,  well  stopped. 
Chloride  of  lime,  acetate  of  potassa,  and  carbonate 
of  potassa,  are  examples  of  such  salts.  The  an- 
cient chemists  expressed  the  condition  of  a  body, 
which  had  become  liquid  in  this  manner,  by  the 
word  Deliijaium. 

DELIQUIIIM  ANIML  Syncope. 

DELIRAMENTUM,  Delirium. 

DELIRANS,  Delirious. 

DELIRAXT,  Delirious. 

DELIRATIO,  Delirium  — d.  Senum,  see  De- 
mentia. 

TjELIRE,  Delirium  —  d.  Cr-npnhnx,  Delirium 
tremens — d.  dcs  Ivrognes,  Delirium  tremens — d. 
Nervi>it.r,  Delirium  nervosum. 

DELTRE  DES  PERSECUTIONS.  Mania, 
in  which  the  morbid  hallucination  is,  that  the 
individual  is  persecuted. 

DELIRE  TRA  UMA  TIQUE,  Delirium  nervo- 
guin — d,  Treinhhiut,  Delirium  tremens. 

DELIRTA,  Insanity. 

DELIRTE,  Delirious. 

DELIR'IOUS.  Same  etymon  as  Drltuium. 
DeU'rauH,  Deli'rus,  Ercerebra'tun,  AllorJi'008, 
Alie'nM,  Pnrale'rus,  Ravinr/,  (Sc.)  Delieret, 
Delirie,  (F.)  Delirant.  One  who  is  in  a  state  of 
delirium.  That  which  is  attended  by  delirium. 
The  French  use  the  term  Fievre  perin'cieuiie  deli- 
raiite  for  a  febrile  intermittent,  in  which  delirium 
is  the  predominant  symptom. 

DELIR'IUM,  from  de,  'from,'  and  lira,  'a 
ridge  between  two  furrows'  [?]  :  more  probably 
from  de,  and  Xnpvitu,  '  a  silly  saying  or  action.' 
Prtrnc'ope,  Phreni'tin,  Phlednni'a,  Deaipieii'tia, 
Aphroi'i/iie,  Parnlere'ma,  Pnialpre'sin,  Para- 
lo(/"i'i,  Phdiitri'sia,  Prirnphrni'i/ne,  Eiiio'tio,Leros, 
Parancp'a.  AltopJi'«sin,  IhHra'tio,  Delirament'um, 
(Sc.)  Rnvery,  Roving,  (F.)  De/ire,  Egnrement 
d'eaprit,  Ac,  Trnittport,  Ideoxytu'lnjiie.  Stray- 
in"  from  the  rules  of  reason  ;  wandering  of  the 
mind.  Hippocrates  used  the  word  fxavia,  mnnin, 
for  delirium  sine  fifhre,  and  the  Greek  words 
given  above  for  delirium  cum  fehre.  In  different 
authors,  also,  we  find  the  words,  Pnrnph'ora,  Pa-  \ 
rapli  rotes, Paruphreiie'sis, Paraphi-eii'  ia,  Phrend'- 


«/«,  Phreneli'aiis,  &c.,  for  different  kinds  of  de- 
lirium.     Delirium  is  usually  symptomatic. 

DKLiniiiM  EmiiosiTATis,  Drunken  niadne.'s; 
also  D.  tremens  —  d.  Epileptic,  see  Epilcp-sy  —  J. 
Furiosum,  Mania — d.  Maniacum,  Mania. 

Dblirium  NkuVOSUM,  (F.)  Dftire  ticrreni-  nn 
traumctlique.  A  form  of  delirium  which  super- 
venes after  surgical  operations,  or  severe  in- 
juries. 

DicLiniT'M  PoTATORtTjir,  D.  tremens— d.  Trcini- 
faciens,  D.  tremens — d.  Senile,  see  Deinentiii, 

Delirium  Tiikmens,  D.  jMlald'rnm  sen  ilni- 
onita'tia  seu  tremifa'ciens  seu  vig"iltinii,  .Vri'iiin 
d  potu  seu  e  temiilentid,  (Enomd'nia,  Erc.lhiH'iiiiiH 
ehrioso'rum,  Vipunma'nia,  Mcningi'tinsvn  I'/irriii'. 
tis  potato'rum,  Tromoma'uitt,  Tri>inoporrtn(r'(i, 
f'otoparana-'a,  Pototronioparanai'a,  (F.)  Knce/iha- 
lopathie  crojyulense,  Deli  re  tremlilant  ou  cri/j)iilnij: 
ou  des  Ivrognes,  Folic  den  Ivrognes  ou  Alcoilique. 
A  state  of  delirium  and  agitation,  peculiar  to 
those  addicted  to  spirituous  liquors,  with  great 
sleeplessness.  It  is  preceded  by  indisposition, 
lassitude,  watchfulness,  headach,  and  iinorexia; 
the  delirium  and  tremors.  Tremor  potnlo'rum, 
most  commonly  recurring  in  paroxysms.  It  is 
caused  by  the  habitual  and  intemperate  use  of 
ardent  spirits  or  of  opium  or  tobacco;  or  rather 
by  abandoning  them  after  prolonged  use.  The 
treatment  is  various.  Many  have  regarded  sti- 
mulants, with  large  doses  of  opium  to  induce 
rest,  to  be  indispensable.  It  is  certain,  however, 
that  the  expectant  system  will  often,  if  not  gene- 
rally, be  successful ;  and,  it  is  probable,  a  euro 
effected  in  this  manner  will  be  more  permanent 
than  when  produced  by  excitants. 

DELIRUS,  Delirious. 

DELITESCENCE,  see  Repercussion. 

DELITESCENTIA,  see  Repercussion. 

DELIVER,  (Prov.)  Iny,  same  etymon  ns  the 
next    '  To  put  to  bed.'    To  disburden  of  a  ciiild. 

DELIVRANCE  (F.),  (de,  and  livrer,  'to  set 
free.')  An  expression,  whicli,  in  common  lan- 
guage, signifies  the  action  of  delivering, /I'icra'f/o, 
but  in  the  practice  of  obstetrics,  means  the  ex- 
trusion of  the  secundines,  either  spontaneously 
or  by  the  efforts  of  art.  This  completion  of  de- 
livery—  partus  secnndd'rius,  sectindiiia'riim  e.r- 
pjd'sio  seu  extrae'tio,  is  produced  by  the  same 
laws  as  the  expulsion  of  the  foetus.  Souictirnes, 
the  after-birth  follows  the  child  immediately;  at 
others,  it  is  retained  ;  and  requires  manual  inter- 
ference to  remove  it.  The  following  are  tlic 
chief  cases  in  which  this  becomes  necessary.  1. 
Intimate  adhesion  between  the  placenta  ami 
paries  of  the  uterus.  2.  Spasmodic  contraclioti 
of  the  orifice  of  the  uterus.  3.  Hour-glass  con- 
traction. 4.  Torpor  or  hemorrhage  after  the  ex- 
pulsion of  the  child,  and,  —  5.  Insertion  of  the 
placenta  at  the  orifice  of  the  uterus. 

DELIVERY,  Parturition  — d.  False,  False 
water. 

DELIVRE,  Secundines, 

DELOCATIO,  Luxatio. 

DELPIIINE,  see  Delphinium  staphisagria. 

DELPHININE,  see  Delpbinium  staphisagria. 

DELPHIN'IUM,  from  6i\,hii,  or  hi\fiv,  'a 
dolphin,'  which  the  flowers  resemble.  !>■  c""- 
sol'idn  seu  Seg"etum!'CVL  Versic'olor,  C<dc.itrri'pii, 
Covsol'ida  Uegn'lis,  Branching  Liirlcupnr,  Slnij- 
gerujeed.  Ord.  Ranunculaceic.  Sex.  Si/nt-,  I'oly- 
andria  Trigynia.  (F.)  Pied  d'alouette  det  chamjii. 
It  has  been  employed  as  a  vermifuge.  The 
flowers  have  been  used  in  ophthalmia,  and  the 
seeds  have  the  same  property  as  those  of  Stavet- 
acre. 

Dklphtniuw  Consolida,  Delphinium  — d.  Sc 
getum.  Delphinium. 

Delphin'ium  Staphisa'gria.     The  systematic 


DELPIIYS 


283 


DENGUE 


narac  of  tho  Slaveii'acre,  Sl'ipJtlxnr/ria,  PhtJieiror'- 
tnnum,  J'ltthei'i-iitni,  St<ip)ii8,  J'ecliciihi'n'a,  (F.) 
iilnjth'iHuiijre,  llerbe  iiux  Phhj-,  J)<nipltii>elle. 
Tlie  seeds,  Staph inarjn'a,  (Ph.  L.  ami  E.J  have  a 
difiagrecalile  smell ;  a  naiiseou.s,  bitterish,  hot 
taste;  and  are  cathartic,  emetic,  and  vermifuge  : 
owinj;,  however,  to  the  violence  of  their  opera- 
tion, they  are  seldom  given  internally,  and  are 
chiefly  used  in  powder,  ini.xed  with  hair  powder, 
to  destroy  lice.  The  active  principle  of  this 
jilant  has  been  separated,  and  received  the  name 
J)el/iliiit'i<i,  (¥.)  Uclpliliip,  Del ],h! nine.  It  is  ex- 
tremely acrid,  and  lias  been  recently  used,  like 
vcratria,  in  tic  douloureux,  paralysis  and  rheu- 
matism. It  is  used  in  the  form  of  ointment,  or 
in  solution  in  alcohol,  (gr.  .\  to  xxx,  or  more,  to 
2J,)  applied  externally. 

J)i:i,i'iiiNirM  Vi;r!sic'oi,on,  Delphinium. 
DELPIIYS,  Uterus,  Vulva. 
DELTA,  Vulva. 
DET/riFORMIS,  Deltoid. 

DEL'TOID,  IMloVdex,  I)ello'(!t»,  Delloideiix, 
Di'llifi)rm'ia,  (F.)  Deltiivh,  from  the  Greek  capi- 
tal letter  A.  icXra,  and  tiioq,  '  reseinblnnce.'  Soiis- 
acii>iiilii-clavi-hi(mr'r<i/  of  Durniis ;  Siia-acromio- 
IiKiiirnd  of  Cliaussier.  A  triangular  muscle 
foruiing  the  fleshy  part  of  the  shoulder,  and 
covering  the  shoulder-joint.  It  extends  from  the 
outer  third  of  the  clavicle,  from  the  acromion 
and  spine  of  the  scapula,  to  near  the  middle  and 
outer  part  of  the  os  humeri,  where  it  is  inserted 
by  means  of  a  strong  tendon.  This  muscle 
raises  the  arm  directly  upwards,  when  the  shoul- 
der is  fixed,  and  carries  it  anteriorly  or  poste- 
riorly, according  to  the  direction  of  the  fibres, 
vliich  are  thrown  into  action.  If  the  arm  be 
rendered  immovable,  the  deltoid  acts  inversely 
and  depresses  the  shoulder. 
DELTO'IDE,  Deltoid. 
DELUSION,  Hallucination. 
DEM  EL  MUCA.  A  name  given  by  Prosper 
Alpinus  to  a  disease,  which,  he  says,  is  proper  to 
Egyjit.  He  considers  it  to  be  inflammation  of  the 
brain  :  but  others  describe  it  as  a  pernicious  in- 
tcrniittent. 

D  E  M  A  G  N  E  T I Z  A'T  1 0  N.  Demnfp,etim'i!o. 
The  act  of  removing  the  condition  of  magneti- 
zation. 
DEilANGEATSOlSf,  Itching. 
DEMANUS,  Acheir. 

DSMENCE,  Dementia — d.  Innce,  Idiotism. 
DEMENTED,  Insane. 

DEMEN'TIA,  ylmcdVm,  Fatii'itas,  Ancr'a, 
Anoe'siii,  JJciileraiioe'a,  Ectxe'a,  Parnmx'n,  J/o'- 
rin  rlt'mcus,  A'oiiKtlieni'n,  Jncohe'rency,  InihecW- 
ily,  Iiirohe'reiit  Iimaiiiti/ ;  from  de,  'from,'  or 
'out  of,'  and  vwiih,  viciilis,  'mind,'  or  'reason,' 
(F.)  Dfmencc,  Bctine.  In  common  parlance,  and 
even  in  legal  language,  this  word  is  synonymous 
with  insanity.  Physicians,  however,  have  applied 
it  to  those  eases  of  unsound  mind  which  are  cha- 
racteri/.ed  by  a  total  loss  of  the  faculty  of  thought, 
or  by  such  an  imbecility  of  intellect  that  the 
ideas  are  extremely  incoherent,  there  being  at 
the  same  time  a  total  loss  of  the  power  of  rea- 
soning. Mania  and  melancholy  are  apt  to  end 
in  this,  if  possible,  more  deplorable  state.  Dotage 
is  the  Dcmeiilin  of  the  aged — Mn'rla  demetis  lere'- 
via,  Lcre'iiia,  Lere'nli>,  Lerns,  De/ira'tio  Scniini, 
Amrn'tia  Scui'lia,  Piteril'itan,  Delir'ium  Seni'le, 
Aiiil'ltnn,  Sctiile  /iisan'iti/,  Seiii/c  Vementia,  T»- 
sanili/  of  the  aged,  (Sc.)  Dolttrlc, — a  form  of  moral 
insanity,  in  which  the  whole  moral  character  of 
the  individual  is  changed. 

Di-.MKNTiA  ArcioKNTALis,  sce  Lunatic — d.  Ad- 
ventitia,  see  Lunatic — d.  Naturalis,  Idiotism — d, 
rarnlytiea.  Paralysis  of  the  Insane. 
DEMI,  Semi — d.  Buin,  Semicupium — d.  Circu- 


laire,  Semi-circular  —  (/.  Ephienx,  Semi-spinalis 
colli  —  d.  Epiueiix  dn  dos,  Semi-spinalis  dorsi  — 
(/.  Gniitelef,  Gautelet  —  d.  IntenosHeux  dn  poiue, 
Flexor  brevis  pollicis  manus — d.  Lunaire,  Semi- 
lunar—  d.  Mevihranenx,  Semi-raeuibranosus  —  (/. 
Nerveux,  Semitendino.-us — d.  Orbicularis,  Orbicu- 
laris oris  —  d.  Tendiiieux,  Semi-teudinosus  —  d. 
Tierce,  llemitritfea  (febris). 

DEMISSIO  ANIMI,  Depression. 

DEMISSOR,  Catheter. 

DE'MODKX  F0LLICUL0'PtUM,(<5„,/0!r.  'lard,' 
and  iri^,  'a  boring  w(jrm,'J  Acarus  foUicnluruuT. 

DEMONOMA'NIA,  JJcBmonomauia,  Theoiin,'. 
nia,  Eiitltcoiiiu'nlu,  from  (Saifiwi',  'demon,'  a  spirit 
of  good  or  evil,  and  iiavia,  'madness.  A  variety 
of  madness,  in  which  the  person  conceives  him- 
possessed  of  devils,  and  is  in  ccmtinual  dread  of 
malignant  spirits,  the  pains  of  hell,  <tc.  Also, 
religious  insanity,  Sebristmiia'iiia. 

DEM'ONSTRATOR,  from  demnusinn-e,  (de 
and  monatrnre,)  'to  show;'  'exhibit.'  One  who 
exhibits.     The  index  finger.     See  Digitus. 

DuM'oNSTUATon  OP  Anat'omy.  One  who  ex- 
hibits the  parts  of  the  human  body.  A  teacher 
of  practical  anatomy. 

DEMOTI'VUS  LAPSUS,  Repeuti'nn  mora, 
from  deuKi^rerc.  {de  and  niovere,)  'to  move  oti',' 
'remove,'  and  Inpaua,  'a  fall.'     Sudden  death. 

DEMUL'CENTS,  Denndren'tia,  Livolren'Ha, 
Olii!(>lve>i'ti<i,  Liihrieav'tia,  from  demnlcere  (de, 
and  nudeere,)  'to  soothe,'  'to  assuage.'  (F.) 
Adoiieiaaaiita.  Medicines  supposed  to  be  capable 
of  correcting  certain  acrid  conditions  imagined 
to  exist  in  the  humours.  Substances  of  a  muci- 
laginous or  saccharine  nature  belong  to  this  class. 
Demulcents  may  act  d.lreetly  on  the  parts  with 
which  they  come  in  contact;  but  in  other  cases, 
as  in  catarrh,  their  effect  is  produced  by  con- 
tiguous sympathy  ;  the  top  of  the  larynx  being 
soothed  by  them  first,  and  indirect/i/  the  inflamed 
portion  of  the  air-passages.  In  diseases  of  the 
urinary  organs,  they  have  no  advantage  over 
simple  diluents.  —  See  Diluents  an<l  Emollients. 
The  following  are  demulcents  : — Acacia;  Gunimi ; 
Althfeae  Folia  et  Radix;  Amygdala?;  Amylum; 
Avenae  Farina;  Cera;  Cetaceum  ;  Cydoniic  Se- 
mina;  Fucus  Crispus  ;  Glycyrrhiza  ;  Ilordeum  ; 
Lichen  ;  Linum  ;  01iv;c  Oleum  ;  Sassafras  Medul- 
la; Sesamum;  Sevum;  Tragacantha,  and  Uluius. 

DEMUSCULA'TUS,  from  de,  and  miiac>i/„a. 
'  a  muscle.'  (F.)  Bechanie.  Emaciated,  devoid 
of  flesh. 

DENA'RIUS;  a  Roman  coin,  equal  in  value 
to  about  10  cents,  or  8  pence  English.  It  was 
marked  with  the  letter  X,  to  signify  10  asses. 

Also,  the  7fh  part  of  the  Roman  ounce. 

DENDROLTRANUS,  Rosmarinus. 

DENERVATIO,  Aponeurosis. 

DEN'GUE,  Diiigre,  Biiiign.  Dmidi/,  Bmiqiief, 
Biieket  Fever,  Eriijt'tire  arlic'tilar  fever,  E.  rheii- 
mat'ie  fever,  Brenhbone,  Neuralgic,  Solar  or  Sun 
Fever,  llhemnatia'iiiua  febri'lia,  Scarhiti'ua  rheu- 
mat'ien,  Exanthe'aia  nrthro'aia,  Plaiitn'ria,  Febris 
exanthemat'ica  nrtictda'iia,  (F.)  Giraffe.  A  dis- 
ease, which  first  appeared  in  the  years  1S27  and 
1828,  in  the  West  Indies,  and  in  the  southern 
states  of  North  America.  It  was  extremely 
violent  in  its  symptoms,  but  not  often  fatal.  It 
usually  commenced  with  great  languor,  chilliness, 
and  pain  in  the  tendons  about  the  smaller  juinis. 
To  these  symptoms  succeeded  burning  heat  and 
redness  of  the  skin,  pains  in  the  muscles  of  the 
limbs  or  in  the  forehead,  with  vomiting  or  nausea. 
The  fever  continued  for  one,  two  or  three  days, 
and  usually  terminated  by  copious  perspiration. 
In  different  places,  it  put  on  different  aj^pear- 
ances  ;  but  seems  in  all  to  have  been  a  singular 
variety  of  rheumatic  fever.  The  usual  anti|)hlo- 
gistic  treatment  was  adopted,  and  successfully. 


DENIACII 


284 


DEXTIER 


DENIACII,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.     De- 

Tiiach  is  a  village  in  Swabia,  at  the  entrance  of 
tlie  Black  Forest.  The  waters  contain  carbonic 
acid,  carbonate  of  iron,  carbonate  of  litne,  sul- 
phate of  mairnesia,  ami  carbonate  of  soda. 

DKNIGKA'TIO,  from  deni(/rare,  {de,  and  ni- 
gpi;  'black,')  'to  become  black.'  The  act  of  be- 
coming black,  as  in  cases  of  sphacelus,  sugilla- 
tion,  Ac. 

DENS,  Tooth  —  d.  Leonis,  Leontodon  taraxa- 
cum. 

]>KNS  Pro'liper.  a  term  used  by  Bartholin 
for  a  supernumerary  tooth,  which  appears  to 
grow  upon  a  primitive  or  parent  tooth. 

DENT,  Tooth — d.  de  Lion,  Leontodon  taraxa- 
cum— d.  de  Sdf/esae,  see  Dentition. 

DENTAGOGUM,  Dentagra. 

DEN'TAGRA,  Den'ticeps,  JJentar'jmr/n,  Benti- 
da'cum,  Dcntic' uhtm,  Dentor/u'giim,  Denla'Us  for- 
/e.c,  Fnr/ejc  denta'ria,  Odonthar'imga,  Odon'ta- 
yra,  Odontciijo'r/on,  from  dens,  dciitis,  'a  tooth/ 
and  aypa,  'a  seizure.'  (F.)  Daviei:  A  tooth- 
forcejis. 

DE  XT  AIRE,  Dental. 

DENTAL,  DenUi'lin,  Deutn'rius,  Dcnticuln'tiis, 
(F.)  DeuUtire,  from  dens,  dentin,  'a  tooth.'  That 
wiiich  concerns  the  teeth.     See  Dentiformis. 

Dental  Arches,  (F.)  Arcades  dentnires,  are 
the  arches  formed  by  the  range  of  alveoli  in  each 
jaw. 

Dkntal  Ak'teries  are  those  arteries  which 
nourish  the  teeth.  They  proceed  from  several 
sources.  The  teeth  of  the  upper  jaw,  e.  g.,  re- 
ceive their  arteries  from  the  in/r((orbitar  and 
superior  alveolar,  —  themselves  branches  of  the 
internal  ma,i-illar;/.  The  teeth  of  the  lower  jaw 
receive  their  branches  from  the  inferior  dental 
or  inferior  ma.rillari/,  which  is  given  off  by  the 
internal  maxillary,  and  runs  through  the  dental 
canal,  issuing  at  the  mental  foramen,  after  hav- 
ing given  numerous  ramifications  to  the  teeth 
and  jaw. 

Dental  Canals,  (F.)  Conduits  dentaires,  3fax'- 
illarji  canals.  The  bony  canals,  through  which 
the  vessels  and  nerves  pass  to  the  interior  of  the 
teeth. 

Drntal  Car'tilage,  Caytila'go  denta'lis.  The 
cartilaginous  elevation,  divided  by  slight  fissures, 
on  the  biting  margins  of  the  gums  in  infants, 
prior  to  dentition.    It  is  a  substitute  for  the  teeth. 

Dental  Cav'ity,  (F.)  Cavite  dentaire.  A  ca- 
vity in  the  interior  of  the  teeth  in  which  is  situate 
the  dental  pnlp. 

Dental  Excava'tor.  An  instrument  for  the 
removal  of  the  decayed  part  of  a  tooth,  prepara- 
t(n-y  to  the  ojieration  of  filling. 

Dental  Fol'liclk,  FoUic'tdns  seu  Cap'sula 
diiitis,  (F.)  Follicule  dentaire.  A  membranous 
follicle,  formed  of  a  double  lamina,  in  which  the 
teeth  are  contained  before  they  issue  from  the 
alveoli,  and  which,  consequently,  aids  in  the  for- 
tuation  of  the  alveolo-dental  periosteum,  and  of 
the  membrane  that  envel()i)s  the  pulp  of  the  teeth. 
The  dental  follicles  are  lodged  in  the  substance 
of  the  jaws. 

Dental  Gangrene,  Caries  Den'tinm,  Odon- 
tahj"ia  cario'sa,  O'lontonecro'sis,  Odontosphaeel'- 
isis,  Odontonpliacelis'mns,  Necro'xis  Den'tinm, 
(F.)  Carie  des  Dents.  Gangrene  or  caries  of  the 
teeth.     See  Caries. 

Dental  Nerves,  (F.)  Neifs  dentaires.  Nerves 
which  pass  to  the  teeth.  Those  of  the  upper  in- 
cisors and  canine  are  furnished  by  the  infra-or- 
bitar  nerve,  a  branch  of  the  superior  maxillary, 
and  those  of  the  molars  by  the  trunk  of  the 
same  nerve.  The  teeth  of  the  lower  jaw  receive 
the  nerves  from  the  inferior  maxillary,  which,  as 
well  as  the  superior  maxillary,  arises  from  the 
5  th  pair. 


Dental  Pitlp,  Pnlpa  seu  Nu'ch-ua  sou  Stih- 
stnn'tia  jjnljto'sa  dtnlis,  Gerincn  denta'le,  (F.) 
I'nlpe  dentaire.  A  pidtaceous  substance,  of  a 
reddish-gray  colour,  very  soft  and  sensible,  which 
fills  the  cavity  of  the  teeth.  It  is  well  supplied 
with  capillary  vessels. 

Dental  Surgeon,  Dentist. 

Dental  Veins  have  a  similar  distribution  with 
the  arteries. 

DEN  TALIS,  Odontoid— d.  Forfex,  Dentagra. 

DENTA'LIUM,  from  dens,  dentin,  'a  tooth,' 
the  do(j-like  tooth  shell.  A  genus  of  shells  in  the 
shape  of  a  tooth.  They  formerly  entered  into 
several  pharmaceutical  jirejiarations,  but  were 
useless  ingredients;  consisting  —  like  shells  in 
general — of  carbonate  of  lime  and  gchitin. 

DENTARIA,  Anthemis  Pyrethrum,  Plumbago 
Europsea. 

DENTARIUS,  Dentist. 

DENTARPAGA,  Dentagra. 

DENTATA  VERTEBRA,  Axis. 

DENTATE,  Denta'ted,  Denta'tns,  (F.)  Denteli. 
Cut  in  the  shape  of  teeth. 

DENTA  TUUE,  Digitation. 

DENTATUS,  Dentate. 

DENTELAIRE,  Plumbago  Europrea. 

DBNTELARIA,  Plumbago  Euroi.ifa. 

DEN  TELE, I)  Qwiatu — d.Anterievr  petit, Veeto- 
ralis  minor — d.  Grand,  Serratus  magnus— rf.  Pos- 
lerienr  et  inferieur,  petit,  Serratus  posticus  infe- 
rior—  d.  Snperieur,  2}etit,  Serratus  posticus  su- 
perior. 

DENTELVRE,  Digitation. 

DENTES,  Teeth,  see  Tooth  —  d.  Angulares, 
Canine  teeth  —  d.  Bicuspidati,  Molar  teeth  —  d. 
Buccales,  Molar  teeth — d.  Canini,  Canine  teeth — 
tl.  Clavales,  Molar  teeth — d.  Columellares,  Canine 
teeth — d.  Ctenes,  Incisive  teeth  —  d.  Cuspidati, 
Canine  teeth  —  d.  Dichasteres,  Incisive  teeth  — 
d.  Gelasini,  Incisive  teeth  —  d.  Gomphii,  Molar 
teeth — d.  Incisores,  Incisive  teeth- — d.  Lactei,  see 
Dentition  —  d.  Laniarii,  Canine  teeth  —  d.  Maxil- 
lares,  Molar  teeth- — -d.  Molares,  Molar  teeth  —  d. 
Mordentes,  Canine  teeth  —  d.  Oculares,  Canine 
teeth — d.  Primores,  Incisive  teeth — d.  Kasorii, 
Incisive  teeth  —  d.  Sai)ientic«,  see  Dentitiun — d. 
Serotini,  see  Dentition — d.  Sophroretiei,  see  Den- 
tition— d.  Sophronistaj,  see  Dentition  —  d.  Suph- 
ronisteres,  see  Dentition — d.  Tomici,  Incisive 
teeth. 

DENTICEPS,  Dentagra. 

DENTICOLA   HOMINIS,  see  Odontolithos. 

DENTICULA'TUM,  (Ll;/amentnni,)  diminu- 
tive of  dens,  dentis,  '  a  tooth.'  Litjanien'tuni  deii- 
ta'tnm,  Memhra'na  denta'ta,  (F.)  Ligament  denteli 
ou  denticnle.  A  slender  cord,  situate  between 
the  anterior  and  posterior  fasciculi  of  the  spinal 
nerves,  and  between  the  tunica  arachnoidca  and 
pia  mater.  It  is  attached  to  the  dura  mater, 
where  that  membrane  issues  from  the  cranium, 
and  accomj;)anies  the  spinal  marrow  to  its  inferior 
extremity.  It  sends  off,  from  its  outer  edge, 
about  twenty  slender  processes,  in  the  form  of 
denticnli,  each  of  which  passes  outwards  and  con- 
nects itself  with  the  dura  mater  in  the  intervals 
between  the  anterior  and  posterior  roots  of  the 
nerves. 

DENTICULATUS.  Dental. 

DENTICULUM,  Dentagra. 

DENTICULUS,  Crena. 

DENTIDUCUM,  Dentagra. 

DENTIER,  (F.)  from  dens,  dentis,  < a.  tooth.' 
Denture.  A  set  or  row  of  teeth,  mounted  on 
metal  or  ivory,  to  be  adjusted  to  the  alveolar 
margin.  Dentiers  are  simple  or  doul)le.  To  the 
latter,  that  is,  to  the  full  set,  the  name  Rutelier 
is  given. 


DENTIFORM 


2  85  DENTS  BICUSFID^ES 


DEX'TIFORM,  Dentiform' is,  from  dens,  dentin, 
'a  toolli,'  •AwAfiiima,  'form.'  Resembling  a  tooth 
in  shape. 

DKNTIFORMrS,  Odontoid. 
DEN'TIFRICE,  I)entifric"{um,  Remed'inm 
dfntifiic"ium,  Odontotrhn'ma,  Odontomney'ma, 
Tooth  powder,  Tooth  piinte,  from  denii,  detitis,  '  a 
tooth,'  iiTttl  fricare, '  to  rub  ;'  a  name  given  to  dif- 
ferent powders  and  pastes  proper  for  cleansing 
the  enamel  of  the  teeth,  and  removing  the  tartar 
wliieh  eovers  them.  Powdered  bark  and  char- 
coal, united  to  any  acidulous  salt  —  as  cream  of 
tartar — form  one  of  the  most  common  dentifrices. 

ElertiKiire  ou  Opiate  Dentifrice,  of  the  Parisian 
Code.x,  consists  of  coral  ^'iv,  cuttlefish  hones  and 
cinnamon,  ha,  3Ui  cochineal  ^SS,  honey  ^\,  alum 
gr.  iv  or  v. 

Pnndre  Dentifrice  of  the  Codex  i?  composed 
of  Iliili-  Arineniac,  red  coral,  [prepared,]  and  cut- 
tlefish  hones,  aa  ,^vj,  draijon's  blood  3''ji  eochi- 
lie<d  5.ii  cream  of  tartar  ^'\x,  cinnamon  ^ij,  cloves, 
gr.  xij,  well  mixed.  The  one  used  by  the  author, 
is  composed  of  charcoal  and  orris  root,  each  one 
part;  prepared  chalk,  two  jjarts. 

Charcoiii,  finely  powdered  and  mixed  with 
chalk,  firms  iis  good  a  dentrifice  as  any. 

DENTIti"EROUS,  Ven'tiyer,  from  dens,  den- 
lis,  and  <iero,  '  I  carry.'  To^oth  carrying,  as  den- 
titjcroiis  cyst:  one  containing  teeth. 

DEXTilJOUN,  Leontodon  taraxacum. 

DEN'TINAL,  Dentina'lis,  from  dens,  dentis, 
'a  tooth.'     Relating  to  the  dentine  of  the  teeth. 

DENTINE,  see  Tooth  —  d.  Secondary,  see 
Tooth. 

DENTISCAL'PIIIM,  from  dens,  dentis,  'a 
tooth,'  and  scalpere,  '  to  scrape.'  Odoiito'ijli/phuni. 
This  word  has  been  applied  to  the  instrument 
used  for  scaling  the  teeth  ;  to  the  tooth-pick,  (F.) 
Cure-dent  ;  and  to  the  (jum  lancet, — the  dechuus- 
soir  of  the  French. 

DENT'IST,  Dentis'ta,  Odontia'ter,  Denta'rins, 
Dental  Surgeon,  Surgeon-Dentist,  (F.)  Dentiste, 
from  dciis,  dentis,  'a,  tooth.'  One  who  devotes 
himself  to  the  study  of  the  diseases  of  the  teeth, 
and  their  treatment. 

DEN'TLSTRY,  Odonfotech'ni/,  Odontiatri'a, 
Odonlotherapi'a,  Dental  Surgery,  Same  etymon. 
The  art  of  the  dentist. 

DENTITIO,  Dentition— d.  Difficilis,  Dysodon- 
tiasis. 

DENTIT"ION,  Teething,  Dentit"io,  Denti'fis, 
Odonlophi/'ia,  Odonti'asis,  Odonto'sis,  from  den- 
tire,  (dens,  dentis,  'a  tooth,')  'to  breed  teeth.' 
The  exit  of  the  teeth  from  the  alveoli  and  gums; 
or  rather  the  phenomena  which  characterize  the 
different  periods  of  their  existence.  The  germs 
of  the  first  teeth,  dentes  lac'tei  or  milk  teeth,  (F.) 
dens  de  Init,  are  visible  in  the  foetus  about  the  end 
of  the  second  month  ;  and  they  begin  to  be  ossified 
from  the  end  of  the  third  to  that  of  the  sixth 
month.  At  birth,  the  corona  of  the  incisors  is 
forniod.  but  that  of  the  canine  is  not  com])leted; 
and  tiie  tubercles  of  the  niolares  arc  not  yet  all 
united,  (iradually  the  fang  becomes  developed; 
and  at  about  six  or  eight  months  begins  what  is 
commonly  callc<l,  the  first  dentit"ion,  Odon'tia 
dentitio'nis  lactan'tinm.  The  two  middle  incisors 
of  the  lower  jaw  commonly  appear  first;  and, 
some  time  afterwards,  those  of  the  upper  jaw; 
afterwards,  the  two  lateral  incisors  of  the  lower 
jaw ;  and  then  those  of  the  upper,  followed  bj' 
the  four  anterior  molares  ;  the  canine,  or  ei/e-teeth, 
nt  first,  those  of  the  lower,  and,  afterwards,  those 
of  the  upper  jaw,  next  appear;  and,  subse- 
quently and  successively,  the  first  4  molares  —  2 
above  and  2  below,  1  on  each  side.  The  whole 
number  of  the  primary,  temporary,  deciduous, 
nheddiug  or  milk-teeth,  (dentes  tempora'rii,)  (F.) 
Dents  de  lait,  is  now  20. 


The  eruption  of  the  milk  teeth  takes  place,  ap- 
proximately, in  the  following  order: 

Central  incisors 6th  to  8th  month. 

Lateral  incisors 7th  to  10th  month. 

First  molar 12th  to  14th  u)onth. 

Canines 16th  to  2(lth  month. 

Second  molar 20th  to  30th  month. 

The  second  dentition  or  shedding  of  the  teeth, 
odon'tia  dentitio'nis  pueri'lis,  Dedentit"ion.  be- 
gins about  the  age  of  C  or  7.  The  germs  or  mem- 
branous follicles  of  these  second  teeth  —  to  fhe 
number  of  ^2  —  as  well  as  the  rudiments  of  tho 
teeth  themselves,  are  visible,  even  in  the  fatn-, 
with  the  exception  of  those  of  the  small  nioh:rc.-, 
which  do  ncjt  appear  till  after  birth.  They  aie 
contained  in  alveoli  of  the  same  shape  as  those 
of  the  first  dentition.  Their  ossification  ci  n- 
mences  at  from  3  to  6  months  after  birth,  in  the 
incisors  and  first  molares;  at  eight  or  nine 
months,  in  the  canine;  about  three  years,  in  the 
molares;  Z^  in  the  second  great  molares,  and 
about  10  years  in  the  last.  As  the  alvecdus  of  jv 
new  tooth  becomes  gradually  augmented,  the 
septum  between  it  and  that  of  the  corresponding 
milk  tooth  is  absorbed,  and  disappears.  The  root 
of  the  milk  tooth  is  likewise  absorbed;  its  corona 
becomes  loose  and  falls  out,  and  all  the  first  teeth 
are  gradually  replaced  by  the  jjermanent  teeth, 
Den'tfs  serot'ini.  This  second  dentition  becomes 
necessary  in  consequence  of  the  increased  size 
of  tho  jaws.  The  new  teeth  have  neither  the 
same  direction  nor  the  same  shape  as  the  old; 
and  they  are  more  numerous,  amounting  till  the 
age  of  25,  (sooner  or  later,)  to  28.  About  this 
period,  a  small  molaris  appears  at  the  extremity 
of  each  jaw,  which  is  called  Dens  sapicn'tice  or 
wisdom  tooth,  wit  tooth.  Dens  serot'inus,  Dens  so- 
phroret'icHS,  D.  sophronis'ta,  D.  sophronis'ter, 
(F.)  Arrierc  dent.  Dent  de  sagesse,  making  tho 
whole  number  of  permanent  teeth  32. 

The  eruption  of  the  permanent  teeth  is  remark- 
able for  its  general  regularity;  so  that  it  consti- 
tutes an  important  means  for  ascertaining  tho 
age  of  the  individual  during  the  early  period  of 
life. 

First  molars 7th  year. 

Central  incisors 8th  yt'ar. 

Lateral  incisors 9th  year. 

First  bicuspids lOlh  year. 

Second  bicuspids , llth  year. 

Canines 12th  year. 

Second  molars 13th  year. 

The  teeth  of  the  lower  jaw  precede  by  a  few 
weeks  those  of  the  upper. 

During  the  period  of  dentition,  that  is,  of  the 
first  dentition,  the  infant  is  especially  liable  to 
disease  ; — the  irritation,  produced  by  the  pressure 
of  the  tooth  on  the  superincumbent  gum,  some- 
times oc^'asioning  pyrexia,  convulsions,  diarrhoea, 
<fec.,  which  syuijitoms  are  often  strikingly  relieved 
by  a  free  division  of  the  distcndeil  gum.  This 
disordered  condition  is  called  Teething.  Odon'tia 
dentitio'nis,  Odonti'asis,  Odontul'gia  dentitio'nis, 
Oda.ris'mus, 

DENTITIS.  Dentition. 

DENTIUM  CORTEX,  Enamel  of  the  teeth— 
d.  Dolor,  Odontalgia  —  d.  Nitor,  Enamel  of  tie 
teeth  —  d.  Scalptura,  (Lancing  the  gums,)  see 
Gum  lancet — d.  Yacillantia,  Odontoseisis. 

DENTO,  from  dens,  dentis,  '  a  tooth.  One 
whose  teeth  are  prominent. 

DENTOIDEUS,  Odontoid. 

DENTS  BICUSPIDEES.  Bicuspid  teeth— rf. 
Col  des,  CoUuni  dentium  —  d.  Conoides.  Canine 
teeth — d.  de  Lait,  see  Dentition — (/.  Mdehelieres, 
Molar  teeth — d.  Molaires,  IMolar  teeth — d.  JJulti- 


DENTURE 


286 


DEPRESSOR 


cuspideen.  Molar  teeth,  great  —  d.  (Eillierea,  Ca- 
niuo  teeth. 

DEXrrRE,  Detitier. 

DENUDA'TION,  Denuda'tlo,  Gymno'sis,  from 
deiiiidare,  {de.  and  ntidare,  tiiidcitum),  'to  lay 
b:ire.'  Condition  of  a  part,  deprived  of  its  natu- 
r.il  coverings,  whether  by  wounds,  gangrene,  or 
abscess.  It  is  particularly  applied  to  the  bones, 
when  deprived  of  their  periosteum,  and  to  the 
teeth  when  they  lose  their  enamel  or  dental  sub- 
stance, or  when  the  gums  recede  from  them,  and 
their  sockets  are  destroyed. 

DEOB'riTRUENT,  Dcob'strucns,  Dephrac'ti- 
ciim,  Dc'ippi'latis,  DeoppUati' cum,  Ecphrac'tie, 
from  de,  and  obstniere,  (ob,  and  striiere,)  '  to  ob- 
struct.' (F.)  Desobstntnnt,  Dexobstnictif,  Desopi- 
httif,  Denopilaut.  Medicines  given  with  the  view 
of  removing  any  obstruction.  The  word  corre- 
sjjonds  to  aperient,  in  its  general,  not  in  its  par- 
tlcidar  sense.  It  is  now  almost  abandoned,  and, 
when  used,  conveys  by  no  means  definite  ideas. 
DEODORIZER,  Antibromic. 
DEONTOL'OGY,  Deuntohiy" la ;  from  ra  icovra, 
'what  are  fitting  or  necessary,'  and  Xoyos,  'a  de- 
scription.' A  word  introduced  by  Bentham  to 
signif}'  morals,  or  the  science  of  duties. 

Mkd'ical  Dko.vtol'ogv,  Deonfolo(/"ia  med'ica, 
(F.)  Deontoloyie  medicale.  Medical  ethics,  3le- 
dical  etiquette.  The  duties  and  rights  of  medical 
practitioners. 

DEOPPILATIVUM,  Deobstruent. 
DEPASCENS,  Phagedenic. 
DAPAUPERATUS,  Impoverished, 
DEPERDITIO,  Abortion. 
DEF'ERISSEMENT,  Emaciation. 
DEPIIRACTICUM,  Deobstruent. 
J)/;/VA^r//',  Depilatory. 
DEPILATIO,  Alopecia— d.  Capitis,  Calvities. 
DEPILA'TION,  DepiUi'tio,  Dropacin'mm,  Jfa- 
de'iiin,  Jfi(d'iiiiK,  Fbild'xiii,  from  de,  and piliis, '  hair.' 
Loss  of  hair,  either  spontaneously  or  by  art. 

DEP'ILATORY,  Eepilato'rium,  Dropajc,  Psi- 
lo'thron,  Ectillut'icus,  Epilato' riuni,  (F.)  Depila- 
Idire,  Df'pihttif,  Epilatoire.  Same  etymon.  Any 
thing  which  causes  the  loss  of  the  hair.  Depila- 
tories are  usually  caustic  applications,  in  which 
quicklime  or  some  other  alkaline  substance,  sul- 
j'huret  of  iron,  <fec.,  enter. 

Dki'ilatohy,  Collky's,  seems  to  consist  of 
qiiickliiiie  and  a  portion  of  sulphuret  of  potasna. 

Detcroix's  depilatory,  and  Ploick's  depilatory, 
have  a  similar  composition.  They  all,  probably, 
contain  arsenic,  in  the  form  of  orpiment.  The 
following  formula  has  been  given  for  that  of 
Colley  :  qnickliine,  30  parts  ;  aoaj}  lees,  125  parts  ; 
sulphur,  4  parts  ;  nitre,  4  parts  ;  orpiment,  12  parts. 
Another  depilatory  by  F.  Boudet  is  formed  of  eul- 
phuret  of  sodium,  3  parts  ;  quicklime,  in  powder, 
10  :  nfrtrch,  10  ;  mix.  Rub  a  little  of  this  powder 
with  water;  apply  it  to  the  part,  and  remove  the 
hair  in  a  minute  or  two  with  a  wooden  knife. 
Dorvault  recommends  the  Bepilntory  of  Jfartins, 
which  is  a  sulphuretted  sulphuret  of  calcium; 
made  by  passing  sulpholiydric  acid  into  quicklime 
to  saturation.  A  little  of  this  is  applied  to  the 
part,  and  in  eight  or  ten  minutes  it  becomes  solid. 
It  mu.st  then  be  washed  off  with  cold  or  hot  wa- 
ter, when  the  skin  will  be  found  denuded.  An- 
other, given  by  Redwood,  is  a  strong  solution 
of  the  sulphuret  of  barium,  made  into  a  paste 
with  itni-ck  powder.  It  is  used  like  the  one  ad- 
vised by  Boudet.  Those  that  do  not  contain 
arsenic  are,  of  course,  safer. 

A  i>iich  plaster,  Piich-cnp,  is  sometimes  used 
ns  a  depilatory.  It  of  course  pulls  the  hair  out 
by  the  roots. 

DE'PILIS,  same  etymon.  Devoid  of  hair. 
Hairless. 


DEPLACEMEXT  DE  LA  CATAUACTE, 
see  Cataract 

DEPLETIF,  Depletory. 

DEPLE'TION,  Deple'tio,  from  depho,  depk- 
turn,  '  I  unload.'  The  act  of  emptying  or  unloiid- 
ing,  for  examide,  the  vessels,  by  bhiod-letting 
and  the  ditferent  evacuants.  Also,  inordiimie 
evacuation. 

DEPLE'TORY,  Deple'ling.  (F.)  DfpUtif  Ilnv- 
ing  relation  to  depletion  —  as  'a  depletory  or  de- 
pletinij  agent.' 

DEPLUMA'TIO,  Ptilo'sia,  from  depluniis  {de 
and  pluma),  'without  feathers.'  A  disease  of  tlio 
eyelids,  in  which  they  are  swollen,  and  the  eye- 
lashes fall  out.     See  Madarosis. 

DEPOS'IT,  Depon'itum,  from  depono,  {de  nnd 
po)io,  ponitum,  'to  lay  or  put,')  'to  lay  or  put 
down.'  (F.)  De})6t.  Any  thing  laid  or  thrown 
down.  In  physiology  and  pathology,  a  struc- 
tureless substance,  separated  from  the  blood  or 
other  fluid,  as  the  ty})hous,  tuberculous,  purulent, 
melanic,  and  diphtheritic  dejjosits. 
DioposiT,  Feculence. 

DEPOS'ITIVE,  Dcpoaiti'vua,  same  etymon. 
An  epithet  used  by  Mr.  Erasmus  Wilson  to  express 
that  condition  of  the  membrane  in  which  plastio 
lymph  is  exuded  into  the  tissue  of  the  dcrinii,  so 
as  to  give  rise  to  the  production  of  small  hard 
elevations  of  the  skin,  or  pimples.  Under  "de- 
positive  inflammation  of  the  derma,"  he  comprises 
strophulus,  lichen,  and  prurigo. 

DEPOT.  Abscess,  Sediment — (/.  Loiteuse  sur 
la  Cuisse,  Phlegmatia  dolens  —  d.  de  I' Urine,  Se- 
diment of  the  urine. 

DEPRAVA'TION,  Deprava'tio,  from  de  and 
prams,  'bad.'  Perversion,  corruption  —  as  de- 
pravation of  the  taste,  Ac. 

DEPREIIENSIO,  Diagnosis,  Epilepsy. 
DEPRES'SION,  Depres'sio,  Impres'sio,  from 
deprimere,  depressiim  {de  and  ^.xemcrc),  '  to  do- 
press  :'  Esphla'sis.  In  Anatomy,  it  means  an 
excavation,  hollow,  or  fossa.  In  Suryenj,  it  is 
applied  to  a  fracture  of  the  cranium,  in  which 
the  portions  of  fractured  bone  are  forced  inwards; 
(F.)  Subgrondation,  Entablement ;  called  also, 
Catapi'esis,  Cumpsis  Depres'sio,  Thhisia  Deprea'- 
sio.  Dejiression,  (F.)  Abaissement,  means  Couch- 
ing.— See  Cataract. 

Depression  also  means  dejection  or  dejeetedntit 
— Ademon'ia,  Ademo'syne,  Demis'sio  aniini, 

Dkpres.sion,  Nervous,  Shock,  nervous  —  d. 
Vital,  Shock,  nervous. 

DEPRESSOIRE,  Meningophylax. 
DEPRESS'OR,  (F.)  Ahaisseur.    Same  etymon. 
Several   muscles   have   been   so  termed,  because 
they  depress  the  parts  on  which  they  act. 

Depressor  Ai.je  Nasi,  E.  la'bii  superiu'ria 
alce.que  nasi  seu  Labii  superio'ria  pro'prius,  Jn- 
cisi'vus  ine'diua,  3fyrtifor'iu>s,  Const ricto' res  nlu'- 
rnm  nasi  uc  depresso' res  la'bii  auperio'ris,  Majcillo- 
alveoli-nasal  —  part  of  the  labialis,  (Ch.,)  (F.) 
Abaisseur  de  I'aile  dn  nez.  It  arises  from  the 
superior  maxillary  bone  immediately  above  Ibo 
junction  of  the  gums  with  the  two  incisor  and 
canine  teeth  ;  and  passes  upwards  to  be  inserted 
into  the  upper  lip  and  root  of  the  ala  nasi,  which 
it  pulls  downwards. 

Depressor  AN'Gn.i  Oris,  Triangula' ris,  De- 
pressor labio'rum  cornmu'uis,  I),  labiorum,  (F.) 
Sousmaxillo-labial,  Ma.rillo-labial  (Ch.),  Ahuii- 
seur  de  Vangle  dea  levres  ou  Muscle  Triangnlnirt. 
A  muscle,  situate  at  the  lower  part  of  the  face. 
Its  form  is  triangular.  It  arises  from  the  outer 
oblique  line  on  the  lower  jawbone,  and  terminates 
in  a  point  at  the  commissure  of  the  lips,  wbich 
it  pulls  downwards. 

Depressor  LA'nii  Infrrio'ris  ;  Quadra'tui, 
Q.  Menti,  Depressor  labii   iuferio'ria  pro'priue— 


DEPRESSORIUM 


287 


DERMATIATRIA 


(F.)  Jfttilouiiier-laHol,  Mento-lulUd  (Ch.),  Carre 
da  M,-ntoii,  lloiippe  dii  Menlon,  AbniHueitr  de  la 
livre  iii/trlenre.  A  small,  thin,  and  quadriliiteral 
)nusclc,  which  arises  from  the  external  oljli(iue 
line  of  the  lower  jaw,  and  ascends  to  the  lower 
Up,  where  it  becomes  confounded  with  the  orbi- 
culuri.-i  oris.  It  pulls  the  lower  lip  downwards 
and  outwards. 

Diii'iiKssofi  Labii  Sitperioris  Proprius,  D. 
AliC  nasi  —  d.  Labiorum  communis,  D.  Anguli 
oris  — d.  Oouli,  Rectus  inferior  oculi. 

Dkprkssor  Pai/pkbr^:  Infkhio'his.  A  fleshy 
bundle,  which  forms  part  of  the  palpebralis 
muscle.  Ileister  describes  it  separately,  but  it  is 
not  a<lmittcd  now. 

DKl'KKSSOIUUM,  Monin^ophylax. 
l>i:i'R[MENS  AURICUL.E,  Retrahens  auris 
—  d.   Maxillae   biventer,   Digastricus  — d.  Oculi, 
Rectus  inferior  oculi. 
DEPRIMENTIA,  Sedatives. 
DKI'UCILATION,  Defloration. 
DEiMJDICATION,  Defloration. 
UEPURAN'TIA,  from  depurare  (de  and  pu- 
rnx),    'to    purify.'      (F.)    I),'pur,i,iH,    nep,iri,t!/\. 
Medicines  were  formerly  so  called,  which  were 
supposed  to  possess   the   property   of  removing, 
from  tlie  mass  of  blood  or  humours,  those  prin- 
ciples which  disturbed  their  purity;  and  of  di- 
recting them  towards   some  one  of  the   natural 
emunctories.     The  juices    of  what  wore    called 
anti-scorbutic  herbs,   sulphur,   and    many   other 
lucdicines,  were  ranked  under  this  class. 
DEPURA  TIPS',  Depurantia, 
DHl'URA'XrON,   Depura'Ho.     Same  etymon. 
Ciahnrin'mnH,  Miiiidx'tio.     In  Fdthidoijy,  depura- 
tion has  been  used  for  the  process  by  which  na- 
ture purifies  the  animal  economy,  either  by  the 
agency  of  some  eruptive  disease,  or  some  sponta- 
neous evacuation,  or  by  the  assistance  of  medi- 
cine.    See  Clarification,  and  Depuratory. 
DRPURATIVE,  Depuratory. 
DEP'URATORY.     Same  etymon.     Depnmto'- 
rliiH,  Depuralhx,   (F.)  Ih'pxratoire.      That  which 
causes  depuration,  .as   the   urinary  and  vutaueoiat 
dipiii'iHoii*.      Applied,    also,    to    diseases    which 
have  been   considered  capable  of  modifying  the 
constitution    advantageously,   by  acting    on   the 
composition  of  the  fluids  — such  as  cert^iin  erup- 
hons.  intormittcnts,  .fee.     The  word  is,  also,  ap- 
propriated to  medicines  and  diet,  by  which  the 
same  ctfect  is  sought  to  be  induced. 

DERADELPII'US,  (F.)  Derade/phe,  from  Sepv, 
'the  neck,'  and  aScS(po;,  <a  brother.'  A  double 
monocephalous  monster,  whose  two  trunks  are 
united  above  the  umbilicus,  and  separated  below. 
— r».  St.  Ililairc. 

DER'ADEX,  from  ftpn,  'the  neck,'  and  ainv, 
'a  gland.'     A  gland  in  the  neck. 

DERADEXI'TIS,  from  S,p„,  'neck,'  aSnv,  'a 
gland,'  and  iiig,  denoting  inflammation.  In- 
lliiiniinilion  nf  the  glands  of  the  neck 

DERADEXON'CUS.  from  Sepr,.  'the  neck,' 
afl'/i',  'a  gland,' and  oy/rof,  'a  swelling.'  Tume- 
f^ictMvi  of  the  glands  of  the  neck. 

DKR.WENCEPIIA'LIA,       T/dip.encopha'Ua. 
Mni  ,hp,,.  'neck,'  and  a,H-i,cephal!„,  'absence  of 
''Him.      A   monstrosity   in    which    only  a  small 
|"M-ru)n  of  the  brain  exists,  resting  on  "the  cervi- 
cal vertebra}— more  properly  dereiu-epha'lia.—G 
M-   Ililaire.     According   to"  Is.  G.  St.  Ilihiiro    a 
nionstrosity   characterized    by   the   total   absence 
of  oiico)dialon,  and  of  the  medulla  spinalis  into 
tlio  cervical  region. 
nERAN'(n<:D.  Insane. 
DEKAXOEMEXT,  Insanity. 
nE/{ArJt{F.),  Lic'ne  pn-ra'tn,,  from  de  and  ' 
rile,  'spleen.'     Deprived   of  spleen ;    as  by  an 
operation.  ■' 


DERCII,  Nanus. 

DERI5IA,  Impetigo. 

DEHENCEPIIALIA,  Deranencephalia. 

DERKiXCEPII'ALUS,  from  6  pr,,  'the  neck,' 
and  KtipaXn,  'head.'  A  monster  whose  brain  is 
in  the  neck.— G.  St.  Ililaire. 

DERIS,  Cutis. 

DERIVANS,  Derivative. 

DERIVA  TIF,  Derivativa. 

DERIVA'TION,  Lerim'tlo,  Deflee'tin,  Paro- 
cheteu'als,  Aiitilep'sis,  Anti^'pnii'^,  Rerid'nio,,, 
Ciira  derivati'va  seu  reni/Wria,  from  derivare, 
derivatiim,  (de,  and  riniH,  'a  river,')  'to  turn 
water  from  its  regular  course.'  Uhen  a 'centre 
of  fluxion'  is  established  in  a  part,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  abstracting  the  excited  vital  manifesta- 
tions from  some  other,  a  derivation  is  operated. 

The  term  Derivation  has  likewise  been  ap- 
plied to  the  suction  power  of  the  heart  —  a 
presumwl  agency  in  the  circulation  of  the  blood. 

DERIVATIVE,  Berel'lenl,  Rtr,d'>,ire,  D,-,lec'- 
teni,  Deri'r„nn,  Deri  rata' rinx,  Antixpax'ticnx'.  lie- 
vnUi'vuH,  Revnho'rinx,  (V.)  Dhivatlf,  Rerulxi/: 
Same  etymon.  A  remedy,  which  by  producing 
a  modified  action  in  some  organ  or  texture  derives 
from  the  morbid  condition  of  some  other  organ 
or  texture.  Revellents  are  amongst  the  most  Im- 
portant remedies:  they  include,  indeed,  every 
physical  and  moral  agent  which  is  capable  of 
modifying  the  function  of  innervation,  and  there- 
fore almost  every  article  of  the  materia  medica. 
The  following  is  a  list  of  the  chief  local  Deriva- 
tives : 

1.  Epispastics.  —  Acidum  Aceticum,  Acidum 
Nitricum,  Acidum  Sulpburicum,  Allium,  Ammo- 
nia, Ammoniacum,  Asafa'tida,  Cantliaris,  Capsi- 
cum, Galbanum,  Olea  Essentialia,  Pix  Abieiis, 
Sinapis,  Caloric,  Friction. 

2.  Vksicants. — Ammonia.  Argent!  Nitras,  Can- 
tharis,  Cantharis  Vittata,  Ilydrargyri  lodidum 
rubruin.  Ranunculus,  Sinapis,  Caloric. 

3.  Suppurants.  —  Acida  Mineralia,  Antimonii 
et  Potass-.e  Tartras,  Canfharis,  Mezereum,  Pix 
Abietis,  Sabina,  Tiglii  Oleum,  Fonticulus,  Seta- 
ceum. 

4.  —  EscriAROTios.  —  A.  Emdentn.  —  Acidum 
Aceticum,  Acida  Mineralia.  Alumen  Exsiccatum, 
Argenti  Nitras.  Cupri  Sub-Acetas,  Cupri  Sulphas, 
Sabina,  Sac^barum  Purissiinum. 

B.  Actual  Canterants.  —  Caloric,  White  Hot 
Iron,  Moxa. 

C.  Potential  Oauterantn. — Acidum  Arseniosum, 
Acidum  Nitricum,  Acidum  Sulphuricum,  Anti- 
monii Murias.  Argenti  Nitras,  Cal.x,  Potassa, 
Pofassa  cum  Calce,  Zinci  Chloridum. 

DERIVATORIUS,  Derivative. 

DERMA.  Cutis. 

DERMAD,  see  Dermal  Aspect. 

DERMAL.  Dermic,  Drrma'lix,  Der'mirnn,  from 
&cppa,  'the  skin.'  Relating  or  belonging  to  the 
skin. 

Dkrmal  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the  skiu 
or  external  surface. — Barclay.  JJermnd  is  used 
adverbially  by  the  same  writer  to  signify  'to- 
wards the  dermal  aspect.' 

DER.MAL'GIA,  properly  Bermatal't/in,  Der- 
matodi/n'ia,  from  6cppa,  'the  skin,'  aiid  a)^Yos, 
'pain.'  Pain  in  the  skin.  Neuralgia  of  the 
skin.  Rheumatic  Dermahjia  or  Rheumatixm  <if 
the  skin  is  a  form  of  neuralgia,  which  is  referred 
at  times,  to  the  nervous  trunks,  muscles,  Ac,  but 
appears  to  be  seateil  in  the  cutaneous  nerves. 

DERMATAGRA,  Pellagra. 

DERMATALG  lA,  Dermalgia. 

DERMATANEU'RIA,  Adermoner'via,  from 
Sippa,  SippaTos,  'skin,'  a,  priv.,  and  vevpov,  'nerve.' 
Paralvsis  or  loss  of  sensibility  of  the  skin. 

DERMATAUXE.  Dermatophyma. 

DERMATIATRI'A,  from  Seph")  ^W^ros, ' skin/ 


DERMATITIS 


288 


DESMOID 


and  tarpcin,  'healing.'  Healing  of  cutaneous  dis- 
eases. The  treatment  of  diseases  of  the  skin — 
Di'rul"riii!(iln'''i,  Vermiitocrnti' a. 

DERMATITIS,  Cytitis,  Erysipelatous  inflam- 
mation. 

DERMATOCHOLOSIS,  Icterus. 

DEinrATOCHYSTS,  Anasarca. 

DERMATOCRATIA,  see  Dermatiatria. 

DERMATODES,  Dennatoid. 

DERMATODYNIA.  Dermalgia. 

DER'.MATOID,  Bermatoi'des,  Dermato'den, 
Denniii'ilen,  Dermo'dea,  Dermoid,  from  icpixa, 
itpnaroi.  'the  skin,'  and  £i5o?,  'form.'  That  which 
is  simil:!r  to  the  skin.  This  name  is  given  to 
diiferent  tissues,  which  resemble  the  skin.  The 
dura  mater  has  been  so  called  by  some. 

Mnrhi  deniiato'des,  chronic  cutaneous  diseases 

DERMATOL'OGY,  Dermatology' in,  Dermol'- 
ogy.  from  ^icpua,  Scpixarog,  '  the  skin,'  and  Aoyuf, 
'a  discourse.'    A  discourse  or  treatise  of  the  skin. 

DER.MATOPATillA,  Cutaneous  disease. 

DER.MATOPERISCLERISMUS,  Induration 
of  the  cellular  tissue. 

DER.MATOPERISCLEROSIS,  Induration  of 
the  cellular  tissue. 

DERMATOPIIILUS,  C/n-qne. 

DER.MATOPIIY'MA,  Dcrmatnux'e,  from  ^cp/za, 
hpnaTiii,  'skin,'  and  0u/<«,  'tumour.''  A  tumefac- 
tion of  the  skin. 

DERMATOPIIYMATA  VENEREA,  Condy- 
lomata. 

DERMATOPH'YTyE,  properly  Dermatoph'yti 
(Morbi),  from  itp^a,  6cimiiTos,  'skin,'  and  ipiiTov, 
'a  vegt;tahle.'  An  order  of  cutaneous  diseases, 
including  those  that  depend  on,  or  are  character- 
ized by,  the  presence  of  parasitic  plants.  It  is 
made  to  include  Porrigo  and  Sycosis. 

DERJIATORRlIArx"IA,  from  Sip/xa,  Scpi^aTos, 
'skin,'  and  payn,  'rupture.'  A  discharge  of  blood 
from  the  skin. 

DERMATORRIICE'A,  from  Stpixa,  Sep^arog, 
'skin,'  anil  pew,  '  I  flow.'  A  morbidly  increased 
secretion  from  the  skin. 

DERMATOSCLEROSIS,  Callosity. 

DERMATOSES,  Cutaneous  diseases. 

DER.VATOSIES  VEROLEUSES,  SypM- 
lides. 

DERMATOSPASMUS,  Horrida  cutis. 

DERMATOTYLOMA,  Callosity. 

DERMATOTYLOSIS,  Callosity. 

DER.MATOTYLUS,  Callosity. 

DERME.  Cutis. 

DERMIC,  Der'micHU,  Dermnt'icus,  Dermat'i- 
ntm.  Dermntic,  Dermrd,  Derma'lia;  from  bcpjia, 
'skin.'     Relating  to  the  skin. 

DERMITIS,  Cvtitis. 

DER.^IODES,  Dermatoid. 

DERMO(x'RAPIIY,Z)^'r)Ho,7mp7t'i-rt,  from  Icp^a, 
'the  skin,'  and  ypaipw,  'I  describe.'  An  anato- 
mical description  of  the  skin. 

DERMOII^'MIA,  from  ^tp/^a, 'skin,'  and 
'iiiixa,  'blood.'  Hyperaimia  or  congestion  of  the 
skin. 

DERMOID,  Dermatoid. 

DKRMOLOaY,  Dermatology. 

DERM'OPHYTE,  Der'mntophiie,  same  ety- 
mon.    A  parasitic  vesretable  growth  on  the  skin. 

DER.MO-SKELETON,  see  Skeleton. 

DER MO- S  Yr II fL ID ES,  S,/ph  Hides. 

DERMOT'OMY,  Dcrmotom'iu,  from  itpfxa,  'the 
skin,'  and  rtuvnv,  'to  cut.'  The  part  of  iuiatomy 
which  treats  of  the  structure  of  the  skin. 

DERODYMUS.  Dicephalus. 

DEROXCUS,  Bronehocele. 

DERTRON.  This  word,  which  is  used  by 
nippocrates,  signified,  according  to  some,  the 
omentum  or  peritoneum,  hut  according  to  others, 
the  small  intestine.     See  Epiploon. 


DESA  L  TERAXTS,  Refrigerants. 

DESARTICULATIOX  {¥.),  from  de,  and 
articulnn,  'a  joint.'  Diijoiiit'iiig.  A  word  u.^ed 
to  express  the  part  of  the  operation,  in  amputa- 
tion at  an  articulation,  which  consists  in  dividiii" 
the  ligaments,  and  separating  the  articular  sur- 
faces. The  word  has,  also,  been  used  for  tli;it 
kind  of  anatomical  preparation,  the  object  of 
which  is  to  separate  the  ditferent  bones  of  tho 
skeleton,  and  especially  those  of  the  head. 

DESASSIMILATION,  see  Assimilation. 

DESCALORINESES,  from  de,  'from,'  and 
culor,  'heat.'  A  name  given  by  Bautnes  to  dis. 
eases  which  are  characterized  by  diuiiiiisheil 
heat. 

DESCEMET,  MEMBRANE  OF,  see  Aiiucous 
Humour,  and  Cornea. 

DESCEMETI'TIS.  A  term  improperly  forined, 
and  really  signifying  'inflammation  of  Desceiuul.' 
Inflammation  of  the  membrane  of  Descemet. 

DESCENDENS  NONI,  see  Hypogh.ssus. 

DESCENSIO,  Catabasis. 

DESCENSUS,  Catabasis  — d.  Testiculoriun, 
Orchido-catabasis. 

DESCENTE,  Hernia  — c^.  de  la  Blutrice,  Pro- 
cidentia uteri. 

DESECTUS,  Castratus. 

DESENFL  URE,  Dftnmexcence. 

DESHLER'S  SALVE,  Ceratum  resinse  compo- 
situtn. 

DESICCANTIA,  Desiccativa. 

DESICCATIO,  Draining— d.  Ilerbarum,  Dry- 
ing of  plants. 

DESICCATION,  Drying. 

DESICCATI'VA,  Desican'tia,  Siccan'tia,  Ex- 
siccati'va,  from  desiccare,  (de,  and  siccare,  eicen. 
turn,  'to  dry,')  'to  dry  up.'  (F.)  Di'ssiecalifi. 
Remedies,  which,  when  applied  externally,  dry 
up  the  humours  or  moisture  from  a  wound. 

DESINFECTANT,  DisinfecUint. 

DESINFECTION,  Disinfection. 

DESIPIENTIA,  Delirium. 

DESIRE,  Libido — d.  Venereal,  Appetite,  vene- 
real, see  Libido. 

DES'MA,  Des'me,  Dcs'mus.  A  bandage,  a  liga- 
ment.    Hence: 

DESMATUR'GIA,  from  hajin.  'bandage,' and 
Lpyuv,  'work.'  The  doctrine  of  tho  applicatiuu 
of  bandages.     Bandaging. 

DESMEDION,  Fasciculus. 

DESMEUX,  Ligamentous. 

DESMIOGNA'THUS,  (F.)  Desmiognathe,  from 
iia/io;,  'ligament,'  and  yvadog,  'jaw.'  A  double 
parasitic  monster.  Order,  Poli/giialliieiii,  ciiarac- 
terized  by  a  supernumerary  imperfect  head,  which 
is  united,  under  the  ne-ck,  by  muscular  and  cuta- 
neous, but  no  bony  attachments,  to  the  principal 
subject.     ' 

DESMI'TIS,  Deamophlogo'nis,  DesmnpJdnrj"in, 
from  SeaiArj,  'a  ligament,'  and  itin,  denoting  in- 
flammation.    Inflammation  of  ligaments. 

DESMOCIIAUNO'SIS,from  ha^Los,  'ligament,' 
and  ;^^uui'a)(7(;,  'relaxation.'  Relaxation  of  an  ar- 
ticular ligament. 

DESMODYN'IA,  from  ica/xv,  'ligament,'  and 
oivvri,  'pain.'     Pain  in  the  ligaments. 

DESMOG'RAPIIY,  Dcsmogmph'in,  from  ha- 
fios,  'a  ligament,'  and  ypaipri,  'a  description.'  An 
anatomical  description  of  the  ligaments. 

DESMOID,  DesmoYilex,  Desmo'dex,  from  kafi, 
'a  ligament,'  and  ti^oj,  'resemblance.'  Ilaviug 
the  character  of,  or  resembling,  ligament. 

DKSMoin  Tissue,  from  <5tiT/<os.  'a  ligament,'  ami 
tiiog,  'shape.'  Ligamen'tous  Tissue,  Texlus  de»- 
mo'sHs.  This  tissue  is  very  generally  diffused 
over  the  human  body  ;  has  a  very  close  connexion 
with  the  areolar  tissue,  and  is  continuous  with  it 


DESMOLOGY 


289 


DEVELOPMENT 


in  divers  places.     It  constitutes  the  ligaments, 
aponeuroses,  <fec. 

DESMOL'OGY,  Deamolog" ia,  from  Scafiog,  'a. 
ligament,'  and  Xoyoj,  'a  discourse,'  'a  treatise.' 
That  part  of  anatomy  which  describes  the  liga- 
ments. 

DESMOP'ATIIY,  Desmopathi'a,  from  icaitoi, 
'ligament,' and  naOos,  'disease.'  Disease  of  the 
ligaments. 

DESMOIMILOOIA,  Desmitis. 
DESMORKIIEX'IS,  from  6caiioi,  <a  ligament,' 
and  pi^ti,   'rupture.'     Rupture   of  an   articular 
ligament. 

DESMOS,  Ligament. 
DESMOSUS,  Ligamentous. 
DESiMOT'OMY,  Desmotom'in,  from  iiaijo;,  'a 
ligament,'  and  reiivctv,  '  to  cut.'     The  part  of  ana- 
tomy which  teaches  the  mode  of  dissecting  the 
ligaments. 
BESOnSTRUANT,  Deobstruent. 
D^SOnSTRUCTIF,  Deobstruent. 
DESOPILATIF,  Deobstruent. 
DKSORGANISA TION,  Disorganization. 
DESOXYGEXESES,   from   de,  and  o.r;/gen. 
M.  Baumes  includes  under  this  title  an  order  of 
diseases,  which   he  considers  dependent  upon  a 
diminution  in  the  quantity  of  the  oxygen  neces- 
sary for  the  animal  economy. 

DESPOTA  rS  { F.).  Infirm  soldiers,  formerly 
charged  with  the  office  of  removing  the  wounded 
from  the  field  of  battle  :  perhaps  from  denporla- 
tor,  'one  who  bears  away.'  The  class  of  Jjespo- 
tats  was  introduced  by  Leo  VI.,  at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  i)th  century. 

DESPUM  A'TION,  Denpuma'tio,  Apaphris'mos, 
Epaphris'moa,  from  denpnmare,  (r/e,  and  npunia,) 
'to  skim,'  'to  remove  the  froth.'     The  separation 
of  the  froth  and  other  impurities,  which  rise,  by 
the  action  of  the  fire,  to  the  surface  of  any  fluid. 
DESQUAMA'TION,   I)es,jnnma'ti<>    Cutis,   Ec- 
lep'isis,     ApoHijr'ma,     Apolep'  inia,     Apolcph'mun, 
MuultiiKj,  from  desqnamare,  {de,  and  s<puima,  'a 
scale,')  'to  scale  otT.'     Exfoliation,  or  separation 
of  the  epidermis,  in  the  form  of  scales,  of  a  greater 
or   less    size,    Fiir/iii-a'tio,    Dcfurfura'tio.      This 
affection  is  a  common  consequence  of  exanthema- 
tous  diseases. 
DESQUAMATORIUS,  Exfoliative. 
DF:SS'Krin:.]fENT,  Atrophy,  Draining. 
BESSK'A  TIES,  Desicativa. 
DESS/CCA  TfO.V,  Desiccation. 
DESTILLATIO.  Coryza,  Distillation— d.  Pec- 
toris, Catarrh — d.  Uteri,  Lcucorrhocii. 
DESTIUICTIO,  Dinphthora. 
DESUDA'TIO,    Ephldro'six,    Sndnm'ina,   IT>. 
dro'a,  from  demidnre,  {de,  and  stidnre,)  'to  sweat.' 
Beiudalioii  means  a  profuse  and  inordinate  sweat- 
ing, a  mucksweat;  but,  most  commonly,  the  term 
is  applied  to  an  eruption  of  small  pimples,  similar 
to  millet  seed,  which  appears  chiefly  on  children, 
and  is  owing  to  want  of  cleanliness. 
DEStYMPHYSER,  see  Symphyseotomy. 
DETFXTIO.  Catalepsv. 
DETKlKiKXS,  Abstergent. 
DETER'GENTS,  from  detergere,  {de,  and  ier- 
gere,  'to  clean,')  'to  cleanse.'     Detergen'tin,  De- 
terio'ria,  Exlergen'tin,  Abntergen'tia,  Ahfitersi'va, 
Abtterfo'ria,  Abluen'tia,    Trnumat'irn,   Smec'tica, 
Emiindan'tia,      Jifuiidi  float  i'vn,      Minidificnn'tin, 
Jihyp'ticn,  Ahster'siveit,  (F.)  Detersi/s,  Mundijica- 
tif».   Abluents.      Medicines,    which    possess    the 
power  to  deterge  or  cleanse   parts,  as   wounds, 
ulcers,  itc.     They  belong  to  the  class  of  stimu- 
lants, or  to  that  of  emollients. 

DETERMINA'TION,  Determinn'tio,  from  de, 
Rnd  termiiiKs,  'a  boundnr)'.'  Strong  direction  to 
a  given  point;  —  as  ' a  determination  of  blood  to 
tlic  head.' 

ly 


DETERSIFS,  Detergents. 
DETERSORIA,  Detergents. 
DETERSO'RIUM,   from    detergere,    delersum, 
to  cleanse.'     The  place,  in  ancient  bathing  es- 
tablishments, where  the  bather  was  cleansed  and 
dried. 

DETESTATIO,  Castratio. 
DE  TORSE,  Sprain. 

DETRACTIO  SANGUINIS,  Bloodletting, 
DETRl'TUS,  from  deterere,  {de,  and  terere, 
tritum,  'to  rub,')  'to  bruise  or  wear  out.'  The 
residuum,  occupying  the  place  of  the  organic 
texture  of  parts  which  have  undergone  disorgani- 
zation. 

DETROIT  ABDOMINALE,  Pelvis  (brim)— 
d.  Iiiferieur,  Pelvis  (outlet) — d.  Perineal,  Pelvis 
(outlet) — d.  Sttperieur,  Pelvis  (brim.) 
DETRONCATION,  Detruncatio. 
DETRUNCA'TION,  Detnnicn'tio,  (F.)  Detmn- 
cation,  from  de,  and  trimcus,  'a  trunk.'  Separa- 
tion of  the  trunk  from  the  head  of  the  foetus,  the 
latter  remaining  in  the  uterus. 

DETRU'SION,  Detrn'sio  ;  same  etymon  as  thf 
next.  The  act  of  thrusting  or  forcing  down  or 
away.  Applied  by  Dr.  Walshe  to  lateral  displace- 
ment of  the  heart  by  extraneous  pressure. 

DETRU'SOR  URI'NjE.  Proim'eor,  from  de. 
triidere,  {de,  and  trudere,  tnixnni.  'to  thrust,')  'to 
thrust  down  or  from.'  The  muscular  coat  of  the 
urinary  bladder  was  formerly  so  called.  It  was, 
also,  named  Constrictor  Vcsi'ca  Urinn'ricp,. 

DETUMESCENCE  (F.),  Deiumesren'tia,  irom 
detnmere,  {de,  and  tiimere,  'to  swell,')  'to  cease 
to  swell.'  A  diminution  of  swelling.  This  word 
has  nearly  the  same  signification  as  the  French 
word  Desenfure.  The  latter  is,  however,  more 
particularly  applied  to  the  diminution  of  oedema 
or  anasarca;  the  former,  to  the  resolution  of  a 
tumour  properly  so  called. 

DEUNX.     'The  ancient  name  of  a  weight  of  1 1 
ounces,  supposing  the  pound  to  consist  of  12. 
DEURENS  (FEBRIS,)  Causus. 
DEUS  COPULATIONIS,  Cupido. 
DEUTERANCEA,  Dementia. 
DEUTERI'A,  from  Sevrtpos,  'the  second.'    Vo- 
gel  has  used  this  term  for  the  symptoms  produced 
by  retention  of  the  secundines.     The  word  was 
also  applied,  by  the  Greeks,  to  a  second  or  infe- 
rior wine. 

DEUTERION,  Secundines. 

DEUTEROPATHI'A,  Hijsteropathi'n,  Morbus 
seeunda'riiis,  from  Scvrepoi,  '  the  second,'  and 
ra.5of,  'disease.'  A  secondary  disease.  One  pro- 
duced by  another,  and  of  which  it  is  only,  in 
some  measure,  symptomatic,  or  the  sympathetic 
eifect. 

DEUTEROS'COPY,  Devteroseop'ia,  from  ecv- 
j-tpof,  'the  second,' and  o-komuj,  'I  view.'  Second 
sight.  A  fancied  power  of  seeing  future  things 
or  events. 

DEUTO,  ScvTcpos,  'second.'  A  prefix  denoting 
two,  or  double, — as  deutoxide,  having  two  degrees 
of  oxidation. 

DEUTOAZOTATE  ACIDE  LTQUIDE  DE 
MERCURE.  see  Hvdrargyri  nitras. 

DEVEL'OPMENT,  Evnhi'tio,  from  (F.)  deet- 
lopper,  'to  unfold.'  (F.)  Deveh>pj>ement.  In 
Physiology,  it  means  growth  or  increase;  and  in 
Pathology,  its  signification  is  similar.  It  —  as 
well  AS,  Differentiation — is  at  times  used,  in  Phys- 
iology, for  the  kind  of  increase  which  takes  place 
by  the  formation  of  new  tissues  from  those  al- 
ready existing,  as  in  the  embryo,  whilst  groicth  is 
restricted  to  the  increase  of  the  same  tissue.  By 
development  of  the  pulse  is  understood  an  in- 
crease in  its  strength  and  fulness.  Diseases  of 
development,  Morbi  evofntio'nis,  are  such  as  are 
peculiar  to  the  period  of  growth. 


DEVERTICULUM 


290 


DIACIIALASIS 


'Taking  Developmbnts.'  A  term  used  by 
practical  craniologists  to  signify  the  act  of  mea- 
suring prominences  of  the  skull,  which  are  re- 
garded by  them  as  indicating  the  size  of  corre- 
spiinding  cerebral  organs. 

Development,  Vesicle  of,  see  Vesicle  of  De- 
velopment. 

DEVERTICULUM,  Diverticulum. 

DEVIA'TION,  Devia'tio,  from  de,  'from,'  and 
via,  '  the  way.'  Out  of  the  way.  By  this  word 
is  meant  —  a  vicious  curvature  of  the  spine  or 
other  bones;  —  faulty  direction  of  the  teeth  or 
other  part; — the  passage  of  blood,  bile,  urine, 
milk,  <fcc.,  into  vessels  not  natural  to  them. 

BE  VIA  TION  DES  REGIES,  Menstruation 
(vicarious.) 

DEVIL  IN  A  BUSH,  Nigella— d.  Bit,  Vera- 
trum  viride. 

DEVIL'S  BIT,  Aletris  farinosa,  Scabiosa  suc- 
oisa,  Chamajlirium  luteum  —  d.  Bite,  Liatris  —  d. 
Dung,  Asafoetida  —  d.  Shoestrings,  Galega  Vir- 
ginian a. 

DEVIRGINATION.  Defloration,  Stuprum. 

DEVISCERATION,  Exenterismus. 

DE  VOIEMENT,  Diarrhoea. 

DEWBERRY,  AMERICAN,  see  Rubus  ceesius 
— d.  Plant,  Rubus  esesius. 

DEWCLAWS,  Crusta  genu  equinae. 

DEXIOCAR'DIA,  from  i^cos,  'right,'  and  Kap- 
Sta,  '  the  heart.'  A  case  in  which  the  heart  is 
found  to  beat  on  the  right  side.  It  is  met  with 
occasionally  in  pleurisy  and  pneumothorax. 

DEXIS,  Degmus. 

DEX'TANS.  A  weight  of  10  ounces,  suppos- 
ing the  pound  to  consist  of  12. 

DEXTERINA,  Dextrine. 

DEXTRAD,  from  dexter,  'right-handed.'  A 
term  used  adverbially  by  Dr.  Barclay  to  signify 
'towards  the  dextral  aspect.'     See  Mesial. 

Dextral  Aspect,  see  Mesial. 

DEXTRAL'ITY,  from  dexter,  'right.'  The 
state  of  being  on  the  right  side.  Right-handed- 
ness.    The  state  of  being  right-handed. 

DEXTRIN,  Dextrine,  Dextri'num.  Dexteri'na, 
Jiritiuli  (juni,  Artijic"ial  gum,  from  dexter,  'right- 
handed.'  So  called,  from  its  refracting  the  rays, 
in  the  polarization  of  light,  more  to  the  right 
hand  than  any  substance  known.  A  substance 
obtained  by  the  continued  action  of  diluted  sul- 
phuric acid  upon  starch  at  the  boiling  point.  It 
is  used  in  the  treatment  of  fractures,  by  the  'im- 
movable apparatus.'  The  bandages  are  soaked  in 
a  solution,  in  water,  of  the  dextrine  —  previously 
moistened  thoroughly  with  tincture  of  camphor, 
to  prevent  it  from  leaking  when  the  water  is 
added.  The  solution  should  be  of  the  consistence 
of  molasses. 

DEXTRINUM,  Dextrine. 

Dr.  ^1,  ^if,  'bis,  twice,  double.'  Hence,  Dicro- 
ttis,  ViijdKtricuK,  Sec. 

DIA,  ^('1,  in  composition,  'through,  asunder, 
out  of,  separated.'  When  prefixed  to  any  thera- 
peutical agent,  it  meant,  in  ancient  pharmacy,  a 
preparation  into  which  that  agent  entered. 

DIABEBOS,  Astragalus,  Malleolus. 

DIAUETE,  Diabetes— f^.  Ohyle<ix,  Chyluria— 
d.  Faitx,  see  Diabetes — d.  Inxipide,  see  Diabetes 
— d.  Sucre,  Diabetes  (mellitus.) 

DIABE'TES,  from  ita,  '  through,'  and  0aivu>, 
'T  pass.'  Uri'n<B  proflii'viiim,  Hyperdiiire'iiiii, 
S'pho  uri'nfB,  Urnrrhrir/'in,  Poli/ii'ria,  Hydrops 
ad  Mnt'ulnm  seu  Matel'la,  Po/i/Kre'sis,  Uroze'mia, 
(Jreorrhve'n,  Dip'eacos,  Dinrr/np'n  in  Uriiid  seu 
nrino'ea,  (F.)  Diabele,  Flux  d' Urine.  A  disease, 
characterized  by  great  augmentation  and  often 
manifest  alteration  in  the  secretion  of  urine;  with 
excessive  thirst,  and  progressive  emaciation.  Cul- 
len  bus  described  two  species:  —  Diabetes  invip'- 


idua  and  D.  Melli'tns;  the  former,  (F.)  Dialilt 
faux  ou  inxipide,  Diabele,  being,  simply,  a  super- 
abundant discharge  of  limpid  urine,  of  its  usual, 
urinary  taste  :  the  latter,  D.  Melli'tns,  called,  also, 
Paru'ria  3felli'ta,  Diabetes  An'glicns  seu  veriii, 
jifelitn'ria,  Melithi/pern'ria,  Gtucosu'ria,  Gltfcyr- 
rhce'a  urino'sa,  Uroze'mia  melli'ta,  Sacchnror- 
rhoe'a  urino'sa,  Phthisu'ria,  Uro-phthi'sis,  Tabes 
diuret'ica  seu  diabe'tica,  Dyspep'sia  sneeharin". 
ena,  Apoceno'sis  Diabetes  Melli'tus,  Sac'ehnrint 
diabetes,  (F.)  Diubete  Sucre,  Ilyperurorrhee  sac- 
charine, Phthisurie  sucree,  —  falls  under  the  defi. 
nition  given  above.  The  quantity  of  urine,  dis- 
charged in  the  24  hours,  is  sometimes  excessive, 
amounting  to  .30  pints  and  upwards;  each  pint 
containing  sometimes  2^  oz.  saccharine  iiiiitter. 
This  replaces  the  urea,  which  is  not  found  in 
quantity  in  the  urine  of  those  labouring  under 
diabetes.  Where  the  disease  is  situate  is  not 
clear.  The  whole  system  of  nutrition,  however, 
seems  to  be  morbidly  implicated.  A  part  of  tho 
urine  must  be  formed  at  the  expense  of  the  sys- 
tem, as  the  egesta  frequently  far  exceed  the  solid 
and  liquid  ingesta.  On  dissection,  no  morbid 
appearance  is  met  with,  sufficient  to  enable  us  to 
fix  on  the  seat^f  this  distressing  affection. 

All  the  reiiredies  that  have  been  tried  havo 
usually  been  found  insufiicient  in  D.  Mellitus. 

D.  insip'idns,  Hypertire'sis  aquo'sa,  Hyiiru'ria, 
Hydrure'sis,  Paru'ria  incon'tincns  aquo'sa,  J)ia- 
be'tes  spu'rius,  Urorrhce'a,  U'real  Diabetes,  (F.) 
Polyurie,  Hyperurrorrhee,  Diabete  inslpide,  Fmix 
diabete,  which  occurs  in  hysterical  habits,  iiiid 
has,  hence,  been  called  D.  hyster'icus,  is  of  com- 
paratively trifling  moment.  Exclusive  diet,  and 
attention  to  the  state  of  the  cutaneous  transpira- 
tion, which  have  sometimes  produced  good  effects 
in  D.  Mellitus,  have  most  commonly  failed. 

Diabetes  Anglicus,  se«  Diabetes  —  d.  Chylo- 
sus,  Chyluria  —  d.  Insipidus,  see  Diabetes  —  d. 
Lncfpus,  Chyluria — d.  Mellitus,  see  Diabetes  —  d. 
Spurius,  see  Diabetes  —  d.  Ureal,  see  Diabetes  — 
d.  Verus,  Diabetes  (mellitus.) 

DIABET'IC,  Diube'ticus,  (F.)  Diabetijue. 
Same  etymon.     Relating  to  diabetes. 

Diabetic  Sitgak,  see  Glucose. 

DIABOT'ANUIM,  from  iia.  and  /3orav7,  '.nn 
herb.'    A  medicine,  prepared  with  herbs. — Galen. 

DIABROSIS,  Erosion,  Corrosion. 

DIABRO'TICUS,  from  6ia,  and  HpucKio,  'lent 
or  corrode.'  A  substance,  capable  of  causing  ero- 
sion of  the  part  to  which  it  is  applied.  It  ordi- 
narily means  a  medicine,  whose  activity  places  it 
between  escharotics  and  caustics.    See  Corrosive. 

DIACAR'YON,  from  Sia,  and  /cupuor,  ' a  nut.' 
Eob  nucum.     The  rob  of  nuts  or  of  walnuts. 

DIACASSIA  CUM  MANNA,  Confectio  cassiic. 

DIACATHOL'ICON,  Diacathol'icmu.  from  ita, 
and  KaSoXtKoi,  'univers.al.'  The  name  of  a  purge, 
so  called  from  its  general  usefulness.  It  ivas  an 
electuary,  and  composed  of  the  pulp  of  cusnia, 
tamarinds,  leaves  of  senna,  root  of  poly  porly,  /loit- 
ers of  the  violet,  rhubarb  root,  aniseed,  tugur, 
liquorice,  and  ft-nnel. 

DI.\CAU'SIS,  from  iiaKaiu>,  {lia,  and  icaiu,)  'I 
burn  through.'     Excestive  heat.     Over-healing. 

DIACAUST'IC,  Diiicanst'icus.  Same  etymon. 
That  which  is  caustic  by  refraction  ;  as  a  double 
convex  lens,  which  has  been  sometimes  used  fof 
cauterizing  an  ulcer  by  directing  the  sun's  rays 
upon  it. 

DIACELTATESSON  PARACELSI,  Pulvis 
Cornachini. 

DIACHALASIS,  from  iiaxaUciv,  (lai,  ami 
Xa^ntiv,)  '  to  be  open  or  relaxed.'  Hippocrates  ufs 
this  word  for  fracture  of  the  bones  of  the  skull; 
or  for  relaxation  and  separation  of  the  sutnr'*.  in 
consequence  of  a  wound  of  the  head.  — Hil'lio- 
crates. 


DIACIIALCITEOS 


291 


DIALEPSIS 


DTACriALCIT'EOS,  from  ita,  and  ii^aXifinj, 
'chalcilis  or  colcothar.'  A  plaster,  whose  coin- 
positiun  ia  the  game  as  that  of  the  diapalma, 
except  that,  in  place  of  the  sulphate  of  zinc,  a 
mixture  of  oil  and  colcothar  is  substituted. 

DIACIIEIRIS'MOS.  Diacheir'iais,  Tracta'tio 
mnuiia'ria,  from  Sia,  and  j^;tip,  '  the  hand.'  The 
preparation,  administration,  and  dispensing  of 
medicines. — Hippocrates. 

DIACIIORK'MA,  Diachore'Hii,  from  ^ta^^wptui, 
(iia,  and  ■)(wjic<ji,  'I  retire,')  'I  separate  from.' 
Every  kind  of  excreted  matter  and  excretion  ; 
but  more  particularly  the  fajces  and  alvine  excre- 
tion.— Foesius,  Qorrajus.     See  Excrement. 

DiACHoiiEMA  Xysmatodes,  scc  Kamenta  intes- 
tinorum. 
DIACHORESIS,  Excretion. 
DIACIIRI.SrS,  Inunction. 
DL\CIIRIST'A,  from  liia,  and  XPi''^>  '  I  anoint.' 
Medicines,  applied  as  abstergents  to  the  velum 
paliiti,  the  palate   itself,  the  tongue,  <fcc.      Pro- 
bably gargles. — Paulus  of  ^gina. 

DIACU'YLON,  Diach'ylnm,  Emplan'triim  dla- 
ach'yliin,  from  iia,  and  X"^"^'  'juice;'  i.  e.  com- 
posed of  juices.  The  plaster  of  this  name  was 
fiirmcrly  made  of  certain  juices.  The  term  is 
now  confined  to  the  Emplastuum  Plumbi  or 
Lend  I'luHter. 

DiACHVLoy  CUM  GuMMi,  Eraplastrum  gummo- 
8um — (/.  Uomnie,  Emplastrum  cum  gummi-resinis 
— d.  Gum,  Emplastrum  gummosum — d.  Magnum 
cum  gummi,  Emplastrum  galbani  comp. — d.  Sim- 
plex, Emplastrum  plumbi — d.  White,  Emplastrum 
plumbi — d.  Yellow,  Emplastrum  gummosum. 

DIACHYT'ICA,   from   Sta,   and  x^"^,  'I  pow 
out,'  '  I  melt.'    Medicines  which  discuss  tumours. 
DIACINE'MA,  from  Sia,  and  kivcw,  'I  move.' 
A  slight  dislocation. —  Celsus,   Galen.     A   sub- 
luxation. 
DIACLASIS,  Refraction. 

DIAC'LYSIS,  Diacb/s'miis,  from  iia,  and  k\v- 
^iiv,  '  to  wash  out.'     Rinsing  or  cleansing — espe- 
cially of  the  mouth. 
DIACLYSMA,  Gargarism. 
DIACOCCYMELON,  Diaprunum. 
DIACODION,  Syrupus  papaveris. 
DIACO'DIUM,  Confec'tio  ex  Capit'ihiisPapav'- 
tria,   from   Sta,  and   xuiita,  'a  poppyhead.'     (F.) 
Diacode.     The  ancients    had   various   forms   for 
preparing  it.     The  Si/riip  of  Pojipies — Syni'piis 
f'apac'erU  seu  Diaco'dion  —  is  now  substituted 
fur  it. 
DIACOPE, Abscission,  Dissection,  Intersection. 
DiAc'oPE,   Eii'cnpe,  from  ita,  and  kotttliv,  'to 
cut.'     A   cut,    incision,   fissure,  or   longtitudinal 
fracture.     When  used,  since  Galen,  it  generiiUy 
.signifies  an  oblique  incision,  made  in  the  cranium 
by  a  sharp  instrument,  without  the  piece  being 
removed.     It  is  not  now  employed. 

Diac'opE  Cra'nif,  Prcp.cie'io  seu  Dissec'tio 
Cra'nii.  Opening  the  head;  and  separation  of 
the  bones  of  the  cranium. 

DIACOPR.E'GIA,  from  <^ia,  /coirpoj,  'excre- 
ment,' and  aif,  atyo;,  '  a  goat.'  A  name  given, 
in  Blancard's  Lexicon,  to  a  medicine,  composed 
(if  goat's  dung,  which  the  ancients  praised  in  dis- 
eases of  the  spleen,  parotids,  Ac. 

Dr.\C'RISES,  from  ha,  and  Kptvoi,  'I  separate.' 
A  class  of  diseases  characterized  by  alterations 
of  secretion. — Gendrin. 

D  I  AC  R  I  8  1 0  G'  R  APnV,  Diacrixingmph'ia, 
from  haKpiaii,  'separation,'  and  Ypn<!>t).  'a  descrip- 
tion.'    A  description  of  the  organs  of  secretion. 


DIACRIT'ICA  SIG'NA.  Same  etyraoi.  Signs 
by  which  one  disease  can  be  accurately  discrimi- 
nated  from  another  . — differen'tial  diaynu'sis. 

DIACYDONITES,  Cydoniatum. 

DIADE'MA,  Faacia  cap'itia,  Redimic' ulum , 
from  &iabt(i),  {iia,  and  iciv,  'to  bind.')  '  I  bind 
round.'  A  sort  of  bandage;  advised  in  headach, 
in  which  relaxation  of  the  sutures  was  appre- 
hended.— Forestus. 

DIADERMIATRIA,  Endermic  method. 

DIADEX'IS,  Diad'oche,  Metatopto'sis,  from 
6ia(5£;^of(a(,  (Sta,  and  Scxoiiti,  '  to  take  or  receive.') 
'I  transfer,'  'I  succeed  to.'  A  transformatimi  cif 
a  disease  into  another,  differing  from  the  former 
both  in  its  nature  and  seat. 

DIADOCHE,  Diadexis. 

DIAD'OSIS,  from  ^taricoj^ii,  'to  distribute.'  In 
some  authors,  it  means  the  distribution  of  nutri- 
tive matter  over  the  whole  body, — in  other  words, 
nutrition  ;  whilst,  in  others,  it  is  synonymous  with 
the  remission  or  cessation  of  a  disease. 

DI^^DCE'US,  from^j,  'double,' and  a<3o(a, 'the 
parts  of  generation.'  A  monster  whose  organs 
of  generation  and  urinary  bladder  are  double.  It 
has  only  been  observed  in  animals. 

DI^'RESIS,  from  Siaipcw,  (Sia,  and  aiptw,  '  I 
take  away,')  '  I  divide,'  '  I  separate.'  A  division 
or  solution  of  continuity.  A  surgical  operation, 
which  consists  in  dividing  any  part  of  the  body. 
H(B>norrh(uj"ia per  dia>.' renin  is  hemorrhage  owing 
to  separation  or  division  of  vessels. 

Diuresis  Unruly,  Onychoptosis. 

DI^RETICUS,  Caustic. 

DIJ3TA,  Diet— d.  Lactea,  Galactodiaeta. 

DIjETE'MA,  has  the  same  signification  as 
diet,  with  most  authors.  Galen  gives  it  a  more 
extensive  meaning,  comprising,  under  it,  what 
constitutes  Hygiene. 

DI^TETICA,  Dietetics. 

DIAGNOSE,  Diagnosticate. 

DIAGNO'SIS,  Digno'tio,  Viagnos'tice,  Depre- 
hen'aio,  from  iia,  and  yiixixxKiji,  'I  know.'  Discri- 
mination, (F.)  Diagnose,  Diagnostique.  That  part 
of  medicine  whose  object  is  the  discrimination  of 
diseases,  and  the  knowledge  of  the  pathognomonic 
signs  of  each.  It  is  one  of  the  most  important 
branches  of  general  pathology. 

DiAGNOsiis,  Differential,  see  Diacritica  signa. 

DIAGNOS'TIC,  Diacreti'vus,  Diagnos'ticua  ; 
(F.)  Difujnoaiiqne.  Same  etymon.  A  symptom 
which  is  characteristic  of  a  disease. 

DIAGNOS'TICATE,  —  sometimes  diagnoae. 
To  discriminate  one  disease  or  phenomenon  from 
another. 

DIAGRY^DIUM,  Convolvulus  scammonia. 

DlAGRYP'uTH  CynONlA'TiyM,  from  diagrydium, 
'scammon}','  and  cydojiinw,  'quince.'  A  phar- 
maceutical preparation,  obtained  by  inspissating 
and  drying,  by  means  of  heat,  two  parts  ofacani- 
mnny,  and  one  of  qninre  juice.  It  was  formerly 
used  as  an  energetic  purgative. 

DiAGRYD'iiur  GLYCVRnIIrzA'T^^f.  An  analo- 
gous preparation,  containing  extract  of  liquorice 
in  place  of  quince  juice. 

DiAGRvn'irM  Si'LPnrRA'Trjf.  Scamniony, 
which  has  been  exposed  to  the  vapour  of  burning 
sulphur.     These  diagrydia  are  not  now  used. 

DIALEIPSIS,  Apyrexia,  Intermission. 
DIALETPYRA,  Intermittent  fever. 
DIALEMMA,  Apyrexia. 

DIALEP'STS.  fntercep'tio,  from  Sinhifil^nvu.  '1 
intercept."  —  Hippocrates  employs  this  word  for 


DIALIPSIS 


292 


DIAPHRAGMATIC 


the  interstices,  or  interval?,  left  between  the  turns 
of  a  bandage. 

DIALIPSIS,  Apyrexia,  Intermissio. 

DIAL'YSIS,  Dinsolii'tio,  from  ita,  and  Xrcis, 
'solution.'  A  dissolution  or  loss  of  strength; 
Jiesolii'tio  vii-'ium.  Weakness  of  the  limbs. 
Also,  a  solution  of  continuity. 

DTA.)fANT,  Diamond. 

DIAMASTEMA,  Masticatory. 

DIAM'BR.^  SPE'CIES.  A  name  given  by 
the  ancients  to  powders,  one  of  which  bore  tlie 
name  —  Sjje'cies  dinm'brcB  sine  odora'tis,  —  the 
other,  that  of  Spe'cies  dium'bras  cnm  odorn'tis. 
The/orwer  was  composed  of  cinnamon,  angelica 
root,  cloves,  mace,  nutmeg,  galanrja,  cardaniont, 
and  numerous  other  substances;  the  latter,  be- 
sides, had  ambergris  and  musk.  These  powders 
were  used  as  tonics,  in  cases  of  debility  of  the 
stomach,  and  in  certain  nervous  affections. 

DIAMETERS  OF  THE  PELVIS,  see  Pelvis. 

DIAMNES,  Enuresis. 

DI'AMOND,  Ad'amas,  (from  a,  privative,  and 
fajjidii),  'I  conquer.')  'Invincible;'  (F.)  Diamant. 
So  called  from  its  hardness.  It  is  the  most  pre- 
cious of  all  stones,  and  was  formerly  conceived 
to  possess  extraordinary  cordial  virtues. 

DIAMO'RUM,  Rob  ex  maris,  from  Sta,  and 
/J(l)^)o^,  'a  mulberry.'  An  ancient  syrup  prepared 
with  honey  and  mulberry  juice.  It  was  employed 
as  a  gargle  in  sore  throat. — Galen. 

DIAMOTO'SIS,  from  ^otoj,  '  charpie,' '  lint.' 
The  introduction  of  lint  into  an  ulcer  or  wound. 

DIANA,  Argentum. 

DIANANCAS'MUS,  from  Sia,  and  avay^a^oy, 
'  I  force.'  Coaptation,  reduction  of  a  fractured 
or  luxated  limb. 

DIANOEMA,  Imagination. 

DIAN'TIIUS  CARYOPIIYL'LUS,  from  Aif, 
At(j{,  'Jove.'  [?]  av^ai,  '  flower,'  and  caryophyllam, 
'  the  clove.'  Clore  Pink.  Also  called  Cari/o- 
phyl'lam  rnbruni,  Ta'nicn,  T.  horten'sis  sen  rubra, 
Caryophyl'lus  horten'sis,  Clove  July  flower,  GiV- 
llftower,  Oarna'tion,  (So.)  Jcroffleris,  Gerajlouris. 
Order,  Caryophylleae.  (F.)  (Elllet  girofle'e.  The 
flowers  were  once  much  used;  but  are  now  only 
employed  in  syrup,  as  a  useful  and  pleasant 
vehicle  for  other  medicines. 

DIAPAL'MA,  Phoenic"ium  Emplas'trum.  A 
plaster  composed  of  equal  parts  of  litharge,  olive 
oil,  axunge,  water,  a  certain  quantity  of  sulphate 
of  zinc  dissolved  in  water,  and  white  lonx.  It  is 
classed  amongst  the  topical,  desiccative,  emol- 
lient, resolvent,  detersive,  and  cicatrizing  medi- 
cines. Mixed  with  a  quarter  of  its  weight  of 
olive  oil,  it  acquires  the  consistence  of  an  oint- 
ment, and  forms  the  Cerate  of  Diapal'ma. 

DIAPASMA,  Catapasma. 

DIAPEDE'SIS,  Transuda'tio,  Peranda'tio, 
Persnltn'tlo,  from  ^lairiy^ao),  [&ia,  and  itn&au},)  'I 
leap  through.'  Exhalation,  as  of  blood,  in  the 
form  of  dew,  at  the  surface  of  the  skin,  or  of  any 
membrane ;  Sweating  of  blood,  (F.)  Sueur  de  Sang, 
B'(Bmorrhag"ia  per  diapede'sin,  Hmmatopede'ais, 
Hamidro'sis. 

DIAPENSIA  CORTUSA,  Sanieala. 

DIAPEN'TES  or  DIAPENTE,  from  ha,  and 
TtvTti,  'five.'  A  medicine  composed  of  five  in- 
gredients.    See  Diatessaron. 

DIAPHCE'NICON,  Diaphce'nix,  Medlcamen'- 
tum  ex  Pal' mulls,  from  ^la,  and  0oivif,  0oiviicos,  'a 
date.'  A  drastic  electuary,  of  which  the  date  was 
the  chief  excipient. 

DIAPHORE'SIS,  from  ita<t>npe>^  (i,a,  and 
0opcui,  'I  convey,')  'I  dissipate.'  (Y.)  Diapho- 
rise.    A  greater  degree  of  perspiration  than  natu- 


ral, but  less  than  in  sweating.  Every  kind  of 
cutaneous  evacuation. 

DIAPIIORET'IC.  Same  etymon.  Dinp,,,,'. 
icns,  Biaphorct'icus,  (F.)  Diaphoritiqne.  A 
medicine  which  excites  diaphoresis.  Diiiphore- 
tics  are  very  uncertain  as  a  class.  The  following 
is  a  list  of  the  most  reputed  : — Ammoniic  Acetaiis 
Liquor;  Animoniic  Carbonas  ;  Antimonialis  pul- 
vis;  Antimonii  et  Potassaj  i'artras ;  Antiiuoiiii 
Sulphuretum  pr;v!cipitatum  ;  Asclepias  tuberosa; 
Cainphora;  Contrayerva;  Dulcamara;  Eupato- 
rium  perfol latum  ;  Guaiaci  Lignum  ;  Guaiaciini; 
Ipecacuanha;  Mczereum  ;  Opium,  and  its  active 
principle  Morphia;  Sarsaparilla ;  Snssafrns;  Sor- 
pentaria;  Spiritus  iEtheris  Nitrici ;  Sulpliur; 
Xanthoxyluui;  Caloric;  Exercise,  (active;)  ami 
Friction. 

The  epithet  Diaphoretic  has  also  been  given, 
by  some,  to  continued  fever,  accompanied  with 
constant  perspiration. 

Diaphoretic,  Mineral,  Antimonium  dinpho- 
reticum. 

DIAPIIORETICUM  JOVIALE,  see  Anti- 
hectic. 

DI'APIIRAGM,  Diaphray'ma,  Dliqihrni'ln, 
Resplrato'rium  Veutris,  Dlscreto'rinni,  I'hreiiex, 
Septum  tnnisver'sum,  Discri'men  Tliorn'cis  it 
Ventris,  Dhce]>tum,  Cine'tus,  Dlazo'ma,  Pra- 
cinc'tus,  DIazos'mn,  Diazos'tra,  Jlypezo'cus,  IIi/- 
pozo'ma,  Perizo'ma,  DIssep'tum,  DIsslp'lum,  Pr,i'- 
cor'dia,  Succln'gens  membrn'na  seu  niiin'riiliiH, 
Succinc'tus,  Succinctti'ra,  the  Midriff,  (Prov.) 
Ifeart-Hcirts,  from  6ta,  'between,'  and  fpunaijj,  'I 
close.'  A  large,  azygous  muscle  ;  stretched  trans- 
versely between  the  thoracic  and  abdominal  cii- 
vities,  which  it  separates  from  each  other;  tendi- 
nous in  the  centre;  thin,  almost  circular,  anil  un- 
equally convex,  upwards.  It  is  fleshy  at  its  cir- 
cumference, which  is  attached  to  the  cartilnfjo 
ensiformis,  to  the  last  six  ribs,  to  the  aponeurosis 
stretched  from  the  last  rib  to  the  transverse  pro. 
cess  of  the  first  lumbar  vertebra  ;  and,  lastly,  to 
the  bodies  of  the  first  three  or  four  lumbar  verte- 
brae. When  it  contracts,  its  fibres  become  strai.!,'lit, 
the  chest  is  enlarged,  and  the  abdomen  dimin- 
ished. It  is  then  an  inspiratory  muscle.  It  may, 
also,  diminish  the  capacity  of  the  chest,  and  l>c 
an  expiratory  muscle.  The  muscle  plays  an  im- 
portant part  in  sighing,  yawning,  coughing, sneez- 
ing, laughing,  sobbing,  crj'ing,  hiccoughing,  sing- 
ing, vomiting,  and  excretion  of  the  faeces  and 
urine,  the  expulsion  of  the  foetus,  <fec. 

DIAPHRAGMA  AURIS,  see  Tympanum-d. 
Cerebri,  Tentorium  —  d.  Narium,  Septum  nariura 
—  d.  Ventriculorum  lateralium  cerebri,  Septum 
lucidum. 

DIAPHRAGMAL'GIA,  Dinphrngmnt(d',iio,^ 
from  Sta(ppayna,  liia<)>payiiaTOi,  '  the  cliaphragiu,' 
and  a\yos,  'pain.'     Pain  in  the  diaphragm. 

DIAPHRAGM  ATA  LGIA,  Diaphragrnalgia. 

DIAPHRAGMAT'IC,  Biaphragmal'Icns,  (F.) 
DIaphragmatique.  Belonging  to  the  diaphragm. 
A  name  given  to  several  vessels  and  nerves. 

Diaphragmat'ic  or  Phrexic  Ar'teries.  These 
are  distinguished  into  superior  and  inferior.  The 
former,  called,  also,  sujiradlaphragmiil'lr,  are 
two  in  number,  one  on  each  side.  They  arise  from 
the  internal  mammary,  and  descend  along  the 
phrenic  nerve,  to  be  distributed  on  the  upper 
surface  of  the  diaphragm.  The  latter  or  infra- 
diaphragmat'ic  are  also  two  in  number.  They 
arise  from  the  upper  part  of  the  abdominal  aorta, 
or  from  the  coeliac  artery,  and  divide  into  two 
principal  branches,  which  are  distributed  on  the 
lower  surface  of  the  diaphragm  and  in  its  sub- 
stance. 

The  superior  diaphragmat'ic  veins  follow  the 
same  course  as  the  arteries,  and  empty  them- 
selves—  the  riyht,  into  the  vena  cava  superior; 


DIAPIIRAGMATITIS 


293 


DIARTHRODIAL 


the  left,  into  the  corresponding  subclavian  vein. 
The  two  inferior  diaphragmatic  veins  open  into 
the  vena  cava  inferior. 

Diaphragmat'ic  IIkr'nia,  Phrenic  Hernia, 
DiapltniijiiKildce'le.  The  abdominal  viscera  are 
occasionally  protruded  through  the  diaphragm, 
either  through  some  of  the  natural  apertures  in 
the  muscle,  or  through  deficiencies,  or  wounds, 
or  lacerations  in  it. 

Diaphragmat'ic  or  Phhenic  Nerves,  Inter- 
nal respiratory  of  Sir  Charles  Bell,  are  two  in 
number;  one  on  the  left  side,  the  other  on  the 
right.  They  arise  from  the  second  and  third 
nerves  of  the  cervical  plexus,  about  the  middle 
«f  the  neck,  and  receive  two  or  three  filaments 
from  the  brachial  plexus,  after  which  they  de- 
scend into  the  chest  at  the  sides  of  the  pericar- 
dium, and  are  distributed  on  the  diaphragm. 

Diaphuagmat'ic  Plex'uses  are  two  in  num- 
\ier;  one  right,  and  the  other  left.  They  arise 
from  the  upper  part  of  the  solar  plexus,  by  a 
small  numl)er  of  branches,  which  are  distributed 
to  the  diaphragm,  following  exactly  the  branches 
of  the  inferior  diaphragmatic  arteries. 

DiAl'llRAGStAT'lC  Ring,  (F.)  Anneau  diaphrag- 
ninliiiue  of  Chaussier,  is  a  name  given  to  the 
irregularly  quadrilateral  aperture  by  which  the 
vena  cava  inferior  passes  through  the  diaphragm. 
DIAPIIRAGMATITIS,  Diaphragmitis. 
DIAPIIRAGMATOCELE,  see  Hernia. 
DIAPIIRAGMI'TIS,  from  bia<!>j,ayixa,  'the  dia- 
phragm,' and  itis,  a  suffix  denoting  inflamma- 
tion. Diaphragmali'tis,  lujlamma'tlo  septi  trani- 
rer'«i,  Parnphreni'tis,  Empretnia  Pleuri'tin  Dia- 
phragmat' ica,  Paraphrene'iia  Diaphraginat'ica, 
Inflammation  of  the  Di'aphragm.  The  terms, 
I'araplireni'tis  and  Paraphrene'sin  have  been 
obtained  from  the  Peripatetic  philosophy,  which 
supposed  the  seat  of  the  <ppiiv  or  soul  to  be  the 
praicordia.  The  essential  symptoms  of  diaphrag- 
mitis are  : — painful  constriction  around  the  prae- 
cordia,  with  small,  quick,  laborious  breathing.  It 
is  a  rare  disease. 

DIAPIIRATTON  HYMEN,  Mediastinum— d. 
Meiubrana,  Mediastinum. 
DIAPIIRAXIS,  Diaphragm. 
DIAPII'TIIORA,    Destruc'tio,    from   !>ia,    and 
ifi^nficiv,  'to   corrupt.'      Corruption    in    general; 
more  especially  corruption  of  the  foetus  in  utero. 
— Hippocrates.     Also,  corruption  of  the  blood  in 
the  stomach. — Galen.     See  Abortion. 
DIAPHYLACTIC,  Prophylactic. 
DIAPII'YSIS,  from  iia^tu),  'I  rise  between.' 
Jiiterstit"ium.  Discriniina'lio  :   'an  interstice,  in- 
terval, division.'     Any  thing  that  separates  two 
bodies.     Also,  the  middle  part  or  body  of  a  long 
bone.  Corpus  Ossia.     One  of  the  ligaments  of  the 
knee. — Hippocrates,  Pare. 

DIA'PIA.     Some  lexicographers  use  this  word 
synonymously  with  Diapyesis  or  Suppitratios, 
others  have  employed  it  in  opposition  to  Myopia. 
DIAPLASIS,  Conformation,  Reduction. 
DIAPLASMUS,  Conformation,  Reduction. 
DIAPXEUSIS,  Perspiration. 
DIAPNOE,  Perspiration. 
PIAPNCEA,  Perspiration. 
PIAPNOGEXOUS   APPARATUS,    see    Per- 
spiration. 
DIAPNOICUS,  Diaphoretic. 
DI APOPHYSES,  Transverse  processes  of  the 
vertebrae. 

DIAPORE'MA.     An.xiety,    jactitation;    from 
iiavopcw,  '  I  doubt.' 
DIAPRU'NUM,  Biacocci/ine'lon.  A  purgative 


electuary,  of  which  the  pulps  of  prunes  and  rhu- 
barb formed  the  basis.  By  adding  to  the  dia- 
prunum  sim2)lex  a  24th  part  of  powdered  scam- 
mony,  the  Diaprn'num  resotnti'iinn  seu  conipoa'- 
itiim  was  formed.  It  was  more  active  than  the 
former. 

DIAPYEMA,  Empyema,  Suppuration. 
DIAPYESIS,   Suppuration  — d.  Oeuli,  Hypo- 
pyon. 

DIAPYET'ICA,  Dyaptye'mata,  from  hin-vtiiir, 
iianvriaif,  (ita,  and  rruov,  'pus,')  'suppuration.' 
Medicines  which  promote  suppuration. 

DIAPYETICUS,  Suppurative. 

DIARiE'MIA,  (P.)  Diarimie,  from  iia, 
'through,'  pea>,  'I  flow,'  and  'atfia,  'blood.'  A 
pathological  condition,  said  to  be  common  in 
sheep,  in  which  the  globules  of  the  blood  are  di- 
minished in  quantity  ;  the  blood  itself  thinner, 
and  transuding  through  the  coats  of  the  vessels 
into  the  cavities. — Delafore. 

D  TAR  EM  IE,  Diara-mia, 

DIARIA,  Ephemera. 

DIARRHAGE,  Fr.acture. 

DIARRH(E'A,  from  &ia,  'through,'  and  ptu, 
'  I  flow.'  Enterorrhce'a,  Incontinen'tid  nhi,  A/ri 
pro/ill' vium  seu  Jlnjcua  aquo'sus,  Ventris  projiu'- 
vinyn,  Coeliorrhoe'a,  Cop.liol'ysis,  Alvna  cilu,  Caca- 
to'ria,  Coprorrhve'a,  Oatar'rhus  intestina'lis,  Alfi 
fluxua,  Itheuma,  Epiph'ora  Alvi,  Flnrns  alci'nna, 
Lax'itae  alci,  Dejlnx'io,  Lax,  Looneness,  J'lirgiiig, 
Scouring,  (Sc.)  Scour,  (Prov.)  Pay,  Scnttcr, 
Skitter,  (F.)  Diarrhfe,  Devoicment,  Catarrhe  ii,- 
testinal.  Flux  de  Ventre,  Cours  de  Ventre,  Con- 
rante.  A  disease  characterized  by  frequent  liquid 
alvine  evacuations,  and  generally  owing  to  in- 
flammation or  irritiition  of  the  mucous  membrane 
of  the  intestines.  It  is  commonly  caused  by 
errors  in  regimen,  the  use  of  food  noxious  by  its 
quality  or  quantity,  Ac,  constituting  the  Ltiar- 
rha'a  atercora'ria.  D.  Crapulo'sa  of  writers.  It 
may  be  acute  or  chronic.  Many  varieties  have 
been  made  by  some  nosologists — e.  g.  mucous, — 
Diarrhoe'a  viuco'sa,  Blennoche'nia,  Jilennoclie'kia, 
Mycodinrrhae'a  ;  bilious,  —  fleo-cholo'sia,  Diar- 
rhoe'a biiio'sd  ;  serous, — Hydroche'zia,  Hydrodi- 
arrhoe'a,  Orrhoche'zia ;  dependent  upon  the 
matters  evacuated.  Diarrhoea  requires  diflerent 
treatment,  according  to  its  nature.  If  caused,  as 
it  often  is,  by  improper  matters  in  the  intestinal 
canal,  these  must  be  evacuated  ;  and  the  astrin- 
gent plan  of  treatment  must  not  be  adopted,  unless 
the  discharges  seem  kept  up  by  irritability  of  tho 
intestines,  or  unless  they  are  colliquative.  The 
indiscriminate  use  of  astringents  is  to  be  depre- 
cated. 

A  very  fatal  diarrhoea  prevails  amongst  the 
native  inhabitants  of  India,  to  which  Mr.  Tytler 
has  given  the  name  Diarrhce'a  hcc'tica,  because, 
like  hectic  fever,  it  seems  to  obtain  habitual  pos- 
session of  the  constitution,  to  operate  upon  it 
with  scarcely  any  perceptible  intermission,  and, 
in  general,  to  defy  the  most  powerful  remedies. 

Diarrhcba  Adiposa,  Gras-fondure  —  d.  cum 
Apepsia,  Lientery  —  d.  Arthritica,  Coeliagra  —  d. 
Biliosa,  see  Diarrhoea — d.  Carnosa,  Dysentery — 
d.  Chylosa,  Coeliacflux — d.  Chymosa,  Coeliac  flu.x 
— d.  Crapulosa,  see  Diarrhoea  —  d.  Cruenta,  Ihe- 
matochezia — d.  Dyspeptica,  Lientery — d.  Hepa- 
tiea,  Hepatirrhoea — d.  Ingestorum,  Lientery — d. 
Lienteria,  Lientery — d.  Mucosa,  see  Diarrhoea — 
d.  Purulenta,  Pyochezia — d.  Sanguinolenta,  H:vi- 
matochezia — d.  Stercoraria,  see  Diarrhoea — d.  in 
Urina,  Diabetes — d.  Urinosa,  Diabetes. 

DIARRHOIS'CHESIS.  from  Diarrhoea,  and 
axcii,  '  arrest.'     Arrest  of  a  diarrhoea. 

DIARTURO'DIAL,  Diarthrodia'lis.  Relating 


DIARTHROSIS 


204 


DIASTOLE 


to  dijirthrosis  or  movable  articulations ;  as  diar-  \ 
ihro'dial    arliculutiDn.     Diarthro'dinl    cartilages 
or  incnittiiig  cartilages  are  the  cartilages  which 
invest  the  articular  extremities  of  bones. 

DIARTHRO'SIS,  from  Stap^pow,  (iia,  and 
updpoio.)  '  I  articulate.'  Dearticula'tio,  Prosar- 
thro'nis,  Aparthro'ais,  Abarticula'tio,  Cuarticula'- 
tio,  Pcrarticiilu'tio,  Jiota'tio,  (F.)  Eiiibutture.  A 
movable  articulation.  One  which  permits  the 
bones  to  move  freely  on  each  other  in  every  di- 
rection, as  in  the  case  of  the  shoulder  joint. 

DIASATYR'ION,  from  ha,  and  anrvpiov,  'the 
orchis  tnascula.'  An  electuary,  of  which  this 
plant  formed  the  basis.  [?] — Myrepsus.  The  an- 
cients attributed  to  it  the  faculty  of  exciting  the 
organs  of  generation. 

DIASCINCI  ANTIDOTUS,  Mithridate. 

DIASCOR'DIUM,  from  6ia,  and  oKopiiov,  'the 
•water  germander.'  An  electuary,  so  called  be- 
cause this  plant  entered  into  its  composition. 
The  Parisian  codex  had  a  formula  for  its  prepa- 
ration, under  the  title,  Electtta'rinm  opia'tum  as- 
trin'gens  seu  diascor'dium.  (R.  fol.  scord.  ^iss, 
rosar.  ruhr.,  bistort,  rad.,  gentiauce,  tormenliUeB, 
eem.  berber.  aa  Jss,  zingib.,  piper,  long,  aa  ^ij, 
cassi(B  lignecB,  ciimamnm.,  dictanin.  Crcteus.,  sty- 
rac.  calamit.,  gtdhaii.,  gum.  acacicB  aa  ,^ss,  bol. 
oriental,  prapnr.  ^ij,  extract,  vinos,  opii.  ^\j,  mel. 
rosut.  praep.  Ibij,  vin.  hispan.  tbss :  fiat  electua- 
riuin.)  In  place  of  the  sti/rax  calaniita,  the  bal- 
sam of  tolu  or  benjamin  may  be  used.  The  opium 
is,  in  this  preparation,  in  the  proportion  of  1  to 
184.  The  diascordium  is  employed  in  diarrhoea 
and  dysentery,  as  a  tonic,  stomachic,  and  astrin- 
gent. The  common  dose  is  from  a  scruple  to  a 
drachm  and  a  half.  See  Pulvis  eretas  ooui- 
positus. 

DIASOSTIC,  Prophylactic. 

DIASPASIS,  Divulsio. 

DIASPER'MATON,  from  ita,  and  airtpiia, 
uTcpniiToi.  The  ancient  name  of  two  cataplasms, 
composed  of  seeds. — Galen,  Paulus. 

DIASPHYX'IS,  from  r5ia,  and  (t^u^w,  '  I  strike, 
I  beat,'  Pulse.  Also,  a  violent  beat  of  the 
pulse. 

DIASTAL'TIC,  Diastal'ticus;  from  Ita, 
'through,'  and  (rrtXAo),  'I  send.'  An  epithet  ap- 
plied by  Dr.  Marshall  Hall  to  the  reflex  or  excito- 
motory  system  of  nerves ;  because  the  actions 
they  induce  are  performed  'through'  the  spinal 
marrow  as  their  essential  centre. 

DTASTALTICUS,  Diastolic. 

DIASTASiE'MIA,  (F.)  Diastasfmie,  from  hiaa- 
raati,  'separation,'  and 'ai/za,  'blood.'  A  patho- 
logical condition,  characterized  by  a  separation 
of  the  elements  of  the  blood  globules  ; — the  fibrin 
and  albumen  separating  also  from  the  colouring 
matter,  whilst  the  fibrin  attaches  itself  to  the 
valves  of  the  heart. — Delafore. 

DIASTASE.  Same  etymon  as  Diastasis.  A 
vegetable  principle,  allied  in  its  general  proper- 
ties to  gluten,  which  appears  in  the  germination 
of  barley  and  other  seeds,  and,  by  its  presence, 
converts  the  starch  into  sugar  and  gum. 

DIASTASEMIE,  Diastaseemia. 

DI.\S'TASIS,  from  hia,  and  tarnpt,  'to  place,' 
'  separation,'  'distance.'  Dinste'ma,  Dissiden'tia, 
A  separation  of  bones,  and  particularly  of  the 
bones  of  the  cranium,  from  each  other;  of  the 
radius  from  the  ulna,  and  the  fibula  from  the 
tibia.  The  ancients  used  this  word  to  designate 
the  three  dimensions  of  tho  body, — length, 
breadth,  and  thickness;  for  the  interval  separat- 
ino-  the  patient  from  the  physician;  the  swelling 


of  varicose  veins  ;  the  time  at  which  some  change 
occurred  in  disease,  Ac. 

DIASTEMA,  Diastasis,  Interstice. 

DIASTEMATELYT'RIA,  from  ^ia<TrF,;in, 'in- 
terstice,'  and  t^vrpuv,  'vagina.'  An  organic  de- 
viation, characterized  by  a  longitudinal  divisiion 
or  fissure  of  the  vagina. — Bresehet. 

DIASTEMATENCEPHA'LIA,  from  iiacrnjia, 
and  cyKC(paXos,  '  the  brain.'  An  organic  deviatiim, 
consisting  in  a  longitudinal  division  of  the  brain. 
— Bresehet. 

DIASTEMA'TIA,  from  ila(!Tn^a.  A  term  em- 
ployed  by  Bresehet  for  an  organic  devinljon, 
characterized  by  the  presence  of  a  fissure  in  tiio 
mesial  line  of  the  body. 

DIASTEMATOCAU'LIA,  from  itaarniia,  and 
(cauAos,  '  trunk.'  An  organic  deviation,  charac- 
terized by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the  trunk. 

DIASTEMATOCHEI'LIA,  from  i,acT„pa,  and 
X^t^oi,  'the  lip.'  An  organic  deviation,  consist- 
ing in  a  longitudinal  division  or  fissure  of  the 
lip. 

DIASTEMATOCRA'NIA,  from  haorri^n.  and 
Kfiaviov,  '  the  cranium.'  An  organic  deviation, 
consisting  in  a  longitudinal  division  of  the  cra- 
nium. 

DIASTEMATOCYS'TIA,  from  Siaarnpa,  and 
(fvoTtf.  '  bladder.'  An  organic  deviation,  charac- 
terized by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the  urinary 
bladder. 

DIASTEMATOGAS'TRIA,  from  itaar^pia.  and 
yaarrtp,  'the  stomach.'  An  organic  deviation, 
characterized  by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the 
stomach. 

DIASTEMATOGLOS'SIA,  from  !itacTr,pa,  and 
Y^waaa,  'tongue.'  An  organic  deviation,  charac- 
terized by  a  longitudinal  division  or  fissure  of  the 
tongue. 

DIASTEMATOGNA'THIA,  from  iiaamija, 
and  yvaOos,  'jaw.'  An  organic  deviation  charac- 
terized by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the  jaw. 

DIASTEMATOME'TRIA,  from  iiacrwa,  and 
Pirpa,  'womb.'  An  organic  deviation,  charac- 
terized by  a  longitudinal  division  or  fissure  of  the 
womb. 

DIASTEMATOPYEL'IA,  from  !na<jTt,i>a,  and 
jrvtXos,  'pelvis.'  An  organic  deviation,  charac- 
terized by  a  longitudinal  division  or  fissure  of 
the  pelvis. 

DIASTEMATORA'CHIA,  from  haoTnpn,  and 
pa;^i5,  '  spine.'  An  organic  deviation,  characte- 
rized by  a  longitudinal  division  or  fissure  of  the 
spine. 

DIASTEMATORHI'NIA,  from  liaarr^pa,  and 
piv,  'the  nose.'  An  organic  deviation,  characte- 
rized by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the  nose. 

DIASTEMATOSTAPHYL'IA,  from  lincrripa, 
and  oTa(jiv\ri,  '  uvul.a.'  An  organic  deviation, 
characterized  by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the 
uvula. 

DIASTEMATOSTERN'IA,  from  ,^.am/in,«nJ 
oTtpvov,  'the  sternum.'  An  organic  deviation, 
characterized  by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the 
sternum. 

DIASTEMENTER'IA,  from  hanrvpa,  nnd 
tvTtpov,  'intestine.'  An  organic  deviation,  cha- 
racterized by  a  longitudinal  division  of  the  in- 
testine. 

DIAS'TOLE,  from  haaTt\X>^,  {iia  and  ffnWc, 
'I  send,')  'I  dilate,'  'I  open.'  Jielaxn'tio  tea 
Remis'sio  cordis  et  arteriu'rum.  Dilatation  of 
tho  heart  and  arteries,  when  the  blood  enters 
their  cavities.  It  is  tha  opposite  movement  to 
systole,  in  which  the  heart  and  arteries  contract 


DIASTOLEUS 


295 


DIDYMUS 


to  semi  forth  the  blood.  Dianlole  and  tyalole  are, 
conseijuently,  successive  movements.  Diantole, 
Mdlua  cordis  diastal'ticus,  occurs  simultaneously 
in  the  two  ventricles.  The  almost  inappreciable 
time,  which  elapses  between  the  diastole  and 
systole  has  been  called  pen'si/g'tole,  and  that 
which  succeeds  to  the  diastole,  peridiantole. 
When  we  speak  of  the  cotitmction  or  synUde  of 
the  heart,  as  well  as  of  its  diastole  or  dilttUition, 
we  mean  that  of  the  ventricles.  This  dilatation 
is  active. 

DIASTOLEUS,  Dilator. 

DIAS'TOLIC,  Dinstol'icua,  DiastaVticus ; 
same  etymon.  Belonging  to  the  diastole  of  the 
heart — as  'diastolic  impulse  of  the  heart.' 

Diastolic  Impulse  of  the  Heart,  see  Im- 
pulse, diastolic. 

DIASTOMO'TRIS,  from  Siaaroitooi,  (Sia,  and 
(Tro//a,  '  mouth.')  'I  dilate  an  aperture.'  Dihit- 
ing  instruments,  such  as  the  different  kinds  of 
specula  for  the  mouth,  anus,  vagina,  &c. 

DIAS  Til  EMMA,  Distortion,  Perversion, 
Sprain. 

DIASTROPHE,  Distortion,  Perversion, 
Sprain. 

DIAT'ASIS,  Dieten'sio,  from  iiarttvoj,  (5ja, 
and  r£(i/u,  '  I  stretch,')  '  I  distend.'  Tension. 
The  reduction  of  a  fracture  by  extension  and 
counter-extension, 

DIATES'SARON,  from^ia,  and  rcaaapti,  'four.' 
An  electuary,  into  the  composition  of  which  en- 
tered four  medicines  ;  viz.  the  roots  of  gentian, 
aristiihchia  rotunda  and  bay -berries,  each  ^^ij. 
honey  tbij.  The  whole  was  incorporated  with 
extract  of  jnniper.  The  diopentes  is  nothing 
more  than  this  electuary,  mixed  with  two  ounces 
of  ivory  shavings.  The  diatensaron  is  tonic,  and 
it  was  formerly  employed  in  cases  of  stings  and 
bites  of  venomous  animals.  It  was  regarded  as 
emmenagogue,  alexiterial,  and  alexipharmic. 

DIATII'ESIS,  from  haTiertjii,  (Sta,  and  ri9r,;jt, 
'to  place,')  'I  dispose.'  Disposition,  constitu- 
tion, affection  of  the  body :  predisposition  to  cer- 
tain diseases  rather  than  to  others; — (F.)  Immi- 
nence morbide.  The  principal  diatheses,  men- 
tioned by  authors,  are  the  cancerous,  scrofulous, 
scorbutic,  rheumatic,  gouty  and  calculous. 

Diathesis  HjiMonuHoiDALis,  see  Haemor- 
rhoids— J.  Hemorrhagic,  Hematophilia — d.  Ner- 
vosa, Nervous  diathesis — d.  Purulenta,  see  Pyo- 
ha;mia — d.  Rheumatic,  see  Rheumatic — d. 
Sthenica,  Sthenia. 

DIATRAGACAN'THUS.  A  powder,  com- 
posed o{ gum  tragacanth,  ^ij,  gum  Arabic,  ^j  and 
3ij,  starch,  ^ss,  liquorice,  {^ii},  as  much  of  the 
seeds  of  the  melon,  and  white  poppy  ;  seeds  of  the 
water-melon,  cuctimber,  and  gourd,  and  sugar 
canity  ^^iij.     It  was  used  as  a  demulcent. 

DIATRESIS,  Perforation. 

DIATRIMMA,  Chafing. 

DIATRINSANTALON,  see  Diatrion. 

DIATRI'ON,  Diatri'um,  from  fia,  and  r/iciy, 
'throe.'  A  medicine  composed  of  three  ingre- 
dients. There  were  formerly  two  kinds.  The 
first  was  called  Diatri'um  Pipe'reon  spe'cies,  and 
was  formed  of  black  and  long  pepper,  aniseed, 
thyme,  and  giu<)er.  It  was  highly  stimulating. 
The  second  species  was  known  under  the  name, 
Biatrinsan'lnlon,  Diatri'um  Santalo'rum  pulvis, 
or  Powder  of  the  three  Sanders.  They  were  con- 
Bidored  diaphoretic. 

DTATRITA'RTT.  The  Methodists  were  so 
rnllcd,  who  pretended  to  cure  all  diseases  by 
subjecting  the  patients  to  treatment  ever-  third 
d:iy. 


DIAT'RITOS.  Relating  to  every  third  day, 
and  the  means  then  used  by  the  Methodists  to 
cure  disease. 

DIAZOMA,  Diaphragm. 

DIAZOSMA,  Diaphragm. 

DIAZOS'TER,  from  Sta^uivfvm,  {6ia,  and  (wv- 
I'tjii,  'to  gird,')  'I  surround.'  The  twelfth  ver- 
tebra of  the  back,  because  it  corresponds  to  the 
girdle,  ^wtmjp. 

DIAZOSTRA,  Diaphragm. 

DIBOTHRIUM  LATUM,  Bothriocephalus 
latus. 

DICEN'TRA  CANADEN'SIS,  Cory'dalis  Ca- 
naden'sis,  (Sts,  'twice,'  and  KevTpov,  'a  spur.') 
Squirrel  corn,  Colic  weed.  Family,  Fumariaccsp. 
An  indigenous  plant,  growing  from  Maine  to 
Wisconsin,  which  flowers  in  May,  the  flowers 
having  the  odour  of  hyacinths.  It  has  been 
given  internally  in  syphilis,  and  applied  exter- 
nally in  syphilis  and  gonorrhoea. 

DICEPHALIUM,  Bicephalium. 

DICEPH'ALUS,  Biceph'alus,  Derod'ymus  et 
lod'ymus,  Janus,  from  it,  'double,'  and  Kc<pa>i)i, 
'head.'     A  monster  with  two  heads. 

DICERAS   RUDIS,  Ditrachyceras  nidis,  see 

Worms. 

DICHALCON.     A   weight,  equal  to   a  third 

part  of  the  obolus. 

DICHOPIIY'IA,  from  a«;^'a, '  double,'  and  <;>«», 
'I  grow.'  A  disease  of  the  hairs,  in  which  they 
split  and  grow  forked. 

DICHROMOS,  Verbena  officinalis. 

DICIATRIA,  Medicine,  legal. 

DICLIDOSTO'SIS,  from  iiKhf,  'a  double 
door,' and  oo-Two-if,  'ossification.'  Ossification  of 
valves — as  of  the  heart. 

DICLIS,  Valve. 

DICOR'YPHUS,  D/cra'iiHs,  from  Si,  'double,' 
Kopvipri,  'the  crown  of  the  head.'  A  monster  with 
a  double  vertex  or  cranium. 

DiconypHus  Dihypogastrius,  Hemipages. 

DICRANUS,  Dicoryphus. 

DI'CROTUS,  Bisfer'iens,  from  ^lf,  'twice,'  and 
KpoTtui,  'I  strike.'  An  epithet  given  to  the  pulse, 
when  it  seems  to  beat  twice  as  fast  as  usual.  It 
is  synonymous  with  the  term  rebounding,  the 
artery  rebounding  after  striking,  so  as  to  con- 
vey the  sensation  of  a  double  pulsation.  It  has 
been  considered,  and  with  truth,  to  frequently 
foretell  hemorrhage.  In  bad  cases  of  typhus,  it 
certainly  announces  such  a  tendency. 

DICTAMNE,  Dictamnus  albus  — <f.  de  Crlte, 
Origanum  dictamnus. 

DICTAM'NUS  ALBUS,  from  Dictamnus,  a 
town  in  Crete;  D.  Fraxinel'la,  Fraxinetla,  F. 
Dictamnus,  White  Fraxinel'la,  Bastard  Dittany, 
(F.)  Dictamne,  Fraxinelle.  The  fresh  root  has 
been  considered  nervine,  anthelmintic,  and  em- 
menogogue.     It  is  not  used. 

Dictamnus  Creticus,  Origanum  dictamnus  — 
d.  Fraxinella,  Dictamnus  albus. 

DICTYITIS,  Retinitis. 

DICTYON,  Rete. 

DIDELPHYS,  Dihysteria. 

DIDYMAL'GIA,  from  (5i^«^oi,  'the  testicles,' 
and  aXyof  '  pain.'     Pain  m  the  testicles. 

DIDYMIS,  Epididymis. 

DIDYMITIS,  Hernia  humoralis. 

DIDYMOS.  Gemellus. 

DIDYMUS,  Testicle  — d.  Symphyogastrius, 
Gastrodidymus  —  d.  Symphyohypogastrius,  Hy- 


DIECBOLION 


20  0 


DIET 


po]s;a?trodulynius  —  d.  Syinphyoperinaeus,  Pygo- 
di<lyinus  —  d.  Sympbyothoracogastrius,  Thoiaco- 
gastrodidyinui'. 

DIECliuL'ION,  from  6ia,  and  £if)3<iXXu),  'I  cast 
out.'  A  name  given,  by  the  ancients,  to  a  remedy 
which  they  believed  capable  of  producing  abor- 
tion. 

DIERENBACH,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
I'ierenbafh  is  a  city  in  Bavaria,  two  leagues  from 
wliich  is  a  sulphurous  spring. 

DIERVIL'LA  TRIF'IDA,  D.  Catiaden'sis 
few  titliK,  Bmh  houeysuchle.  An  indigenous 
]ilant  of  the  Honeysuckle  tribe — Lonicert'se.  Ord. 
Caprifdliaceit —  whoso  flowers  appear  from  June 
to  August.  It  has  been  used  as  a  diuretic ;  and 
in  gonorrhoea  and  syphilis. 

DIES,  Hemcra,  A  dai/,  (F.)  Jour.  The  day 
is,  properly,  the  period  during  which  the  solar 
light  illumines  our  horizon  :  but  commonly,  also, 
we  designate  by  the  word  d<iy  the  period  of  24 
hours  or  Nycthe'mervn,  whicli  is  frequently  di- 
vided into  four  parts — morning,  midday,  evening, 
and  midnight.  In  antiquity,  great  importance 
was  attached  to  the  observation  of  days  in  dis- 
ease. The  medical  day  is  usually  reckoned  at 
24  hours, — universally,  in  estimating  the  duration 
of  a  disease.  In  parts  of  the  United  States,  it 
comprises  only  the  time  when  the  sun  is  above 


the  horizon,  ns  regards  the  adtninistrntion  of 
medicine,  so  that  if  a  medicine  be  ordered  to  bo 
taken  four  times  a  day,  it  is  understood  to  mean 
during  the  12  hours  of  day. 

DiKS  Canicl'i.ahks,  see  Canicula — d.  Contem- 
plabiles.  Critical  days  —  d.  Contcmplantcs,  Indi- 
cating days — d.  Critici,  Critical  days — d.  Dccre- 
torii,  Critical  days  —  d.  Indicantes.  Iiidicnting 
days — d.  Indicatorii.  Indicating  days — d.  Indices, 

Indicating  days  —  d.  Intcriiuntii,  Critical  days 

d.  Judicatorii,  Critical  days — d.  Radicales,  Criti- 
cal days. 

DIET,  Bice'la,  Biate'ma,  ViclCis  Ihi'tio,  (F.) 
IJiete.  Originally,  this  word  signified  nearly  the 
same  thing  as  Jlyyieiie  and  Jieyhiien, — tiiat  is, 
Diet  was  the  employment  of  every  thing  neces- 
sary for  the  preservation  of  health  and  life.  At 
the  present  day,  it  signifies  a  parliculnr  kind  of 
food,  and,  at  times,  a  privation  of  IVkkI  and  drink  ; 
—  abstinence.  To  i)ut  any  one  upon  diut,  (F.) 
meltre  qnelqn'vn  a  /«  diete,  means  to  deprive  him 
of  his  usual  nourishment:  —  tnilk  diet  means  a 
diet  of  milk,  &c.  See  Aliment,  Dietetics,  Hy- 
giene, and  Regimen. 

Every  well  regulated  hospital  has  certain  diete- 
tic regulations.  The  following  Table  of  Dietary 
shows  the  particular  regimen  that  has  been  se- 
lected for  the  sick,  in  certain  hospitals. 


DIET-TABLE    OF    DIFFERENT    HOSPITALS    OF    GREAT    BRITAIN,    IRELAND,   AND 

THE    UNITED    STATES. 


I.    ENGLAND. 

London    Hospitals. 

1.  London  HoHjntnl. 


\ 

COMMON  DIET. 

SnDDLE  DIET. 

LOW  DIET. 

MILK  DIET. 

— 

( 

12  or   Bread. 

Per  Bay I 

1  pint  Porter,  3fen. 
k  pint  do.,   Women. 

8  oe.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

Breakfast 

Gruel. 

|8  02.  Beef,  with  Po- 
tatoes,    thrice    a 
week. 

8  07..  Mutton,  with 

The  same,  except 
that  4  oz.  of  Meat 
shall  be  triven  in- 

Gruel. 

Gruel. 

Dinner 

Potatoes,  twice  a 
week. 
8  oz.   Potatoes  and 
Soup, with  vegeta- 

stead of  8  oz. 

Broth. 

1  pint  Milk. 

bles, twice  a  week. 

Supper 

1  pint  of  Broth. 

Gruel  or  Broth. 

1  pint  Milk. 

1 

2.  St. 

Bartholomew's  Hospital. 

COMMON  DIET.                          BROTH  DIET. 

THIN  OR  FEVER  DIET. 

MII.K  DIET. 

Milk  Pon-idge. 

Milk  Porridire. 

Milk  Porridge. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

12  07,.  Pread. 

6oz.  Mutton  or  Beef. 

1  pint  of  Milk,  with 

2pts.  Milk.wilhTa. 

1  pint  Broth  [with  Milk  Porridge. 

Tay)ioca,     Arrow 

pioca,  Arrow-root, 

Peas  or  Potatoes,  12  oz.  Bread. 

root, Sago, orRice. 

Sago,  or  Rice,  "S 

Daily     -j 

4  times  a  week.]  .2  pints  Broth. 

as    may   be    pre- 

may be  prescribed. 

2  pints  Beer,  Men.  |1  pint  Beer. 

scribed. 

Bark'V  water. 

1  pint,   Wonirn,        ,1  oz.  Butter. 

Barley  water. 

1  oz.  Butter. 

l^z.  Butter,  twice  a 

Bre!»,d  Pudding, 

week. 

three  times  a  week, 
when  ordered. 

DIET 


297 


DIET 


3.   Si.  Thomas's  Hospital. 


Diiily 

FULL  WET. 

MILK  DIET. 

DRlf   DIET. 

FEVER  DIET. 

2  pints    Beer;     14  oz. 
Hroad. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

14()z.  Bread,  2  pints 
Beer. 

12   oz.  Bread;  two 
pints  Beer.            i 

lirKukfuHt    .  . . . 

Water  Uruel. 

1  pint  Milk. 

Water  Gruel. 

Water  Gruel. 

|i  lb.  of  Boff  when  dress- 

1 pint  Milk,  4  times 

4  07..  Butter,  4  times 

i  lb.  Beef,  for  teiu 

ed,  twice  a  week;  4o/.. 

a  week. 

a  week ;  RicePud- 

Dinner 

Butter,    or    6   oz.   of 
Cheese,  thrice  a  week  ; 
i    lb.    Mutton    when 
boiled,  thrice  a  week. 

RiceP»dding,tbriee 
a  week. 

ding  and  4  o/,. 
of  Butter,  three 
times  a  week. 

• 

Supper 

1  pt.  Broth,  4  times  a 

1  pint  Milk. 

week. 

4.   St.  George's  IfoHpiftil. 


EXTRA  DIET. 

ORDINARY  DIET. 

FISH   DIET. 

FEVER  DIET.      |       BROTH  DIET. 

MILK  DIET. 

12  OZ.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

12  OZ.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread.  ,12  oz.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

Men. 

1  pint  Beer. 

Barley  Water 

• 

Daily •! 

2  pints  Beer. 

ad  libitum. 

\        Wiiinrn. 

li  pint  Beer. 

RreahfuHt  . 

1  pint  Tea. 

i  pint  Milk. 

'  42  oz.  Meat, 

1  pint  Tea. 
i  pint  Milk. 

1  pint  Tea 
i  pint  Milk. 

1  pint  Tea. 
i  i)int  Milk. 

1  pint  Tea. 
i  pint  Milk. 

1  pint  Tea. 
i  pint  Milk. 

1       roasted 

4  oz.  of  plain 

Arrow-root 

1  pint  Broth 

li  pint  Rice. 

1     (weighed 

One-half  of 

boiled  white 

Ac,  must  be 

6   oz.    light 

Milk  four 

with  the  bone 

the  meat  al- 

fish (as  Whi- 

specially di- 

Pudding. 

days. 

Dinner.. . .  ■{ 

1    before  it  is 

lowed  for  ex- 

ting, Plaice, 

rected. 

!  dressed)  four 

tra  diet. 

Flounders,  or 

i  lb.  Bre.id  or 

days.— boiled : 

i  lb.  Potatoes. 

Haddock.) 

Rice  Pudding 

three  days,  i 

three  days. 

^    lb.  Potatoes. 

Supper.... 

Il  pint  (iruel. 

1  pint  Gruel. 

1  pint  Gruel. 

1  pint  Tea. 

1  pint  Gruel. 

i  pint  Milk. 

li  pint  Milk. 

i  pint  Milk.    |i  pint  Milk. 

i  pint  Milk. 

i  pint  Milk. 

5.  Guy's    Hospital. 


1 

r 

FL'LL   DIET. 

MIDDLE   DIET. 

LOW    DIET. 

MILK  DIET.             1           FEVER  DIET. 

14  oz.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread.         6  oz.  Bread. 

H  oz.  Butter. 

li  oz.  Butter. 

1  oz.  Butter. 

1  oz.  Butter.          1  oz.  Butter. 

Daily  .  \ 

Iqt.  Table  Beer. 

1  pt.  Table  Beer. 

Tea  and  Sugar. 

2  pints  Milk.         Tea  and  Sugar. 

8  oz.  Meat,  when 

4oz.  Meat,  when 

dressed. 

dressed,  and 

Haifa  pound  of  Beef,  (for  Beef-tea.)  or  Arrow- 

J pint  Broth. 

root  or  Sago,  when  ordered. 

For 

each  Diet,  Gruel  < 

ir  Barley-water,  as  reriuired. 

6.    Wcntininster  Hospital. 

FULL  DIET. 

MIDDLE   DIET.                                  LOW    DIET. 

SPOOX,   OR 
FEVER  DIET. 

INCURABLES' 

DIET. 

Fixed. 

Casual. 

Daily '14  oz.  Bread.    jlO  oz.  Bread. 

i  lb.  Bread. 

— 

j  lb.  Bread. 

5  lb.  Bread. 

i  lb.  Meat. 

i  lb.  Potatoes. 

i  pint  Milk. 

1  pint  Porter. 

f 

1  pint  Milk       |l  pint  Milk 

1  pint  Tea, 

— 

1    pint    Tea. 

Breakfast  I 

Porridge,  or 

Porridge,  or 

with  Sugar 

with  Sucrar 

\ 

Rice  Gruel. 

thin  Gruel. 

and  Milk. 

an<l  Milk. 

Dinner , , 

I  lb.  INfpnt, 

roasted,  boiled, 

or  chops. 

^  lb.  Meat, 

roasted,  boiled, 

or  chops. 

Xo  fi.xed  Diet 
for  Dinner. 

1  pint  Broth, 
or  i  lb.  of 

Broad,  or  Rice 
Puddins.  or 

Barley  Water. 

}  lb.  of  Pota-:j  lb.  of  Pota- 

Ipt.  Beef  Tea, 

1           toes. 

toes. 

or  a  Chop, 

or  Fish. 

(  1  pint  Milk 

1  pint  Milk 

1  pint  Tea, 

— 

1    pint   Tea, 

Supper  . .  i       Porridge,  or 

Porridge,  or 

with  Sugar 

with  Sugar 

(      Rice  (iruel. 

thin  Gruel. 

and  Milk. 

and  Milk. 

19 


DIET 


208 


DIET 


7.  Middlesex  Honpital. 


DLSTA   CARNI8, 

DLETA  JUSCDU, 

DLSTA   LACTIS, 

DL£TA   SIMPLEX, 

OR 

OR 

OR 

OR 

CANCER  BtllT. 

Daily 

MEAT   DIET. 

SOUP   DIET. 

MILK    DIET. 

SIMPLE   DIET. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

12  oz.  Bread. 

6  OZ.  Bread. 

12  07..  Bread. 

A  lb  Meat. 

i  lb.  Potatoc!--. 

• 

1  pint  Milk. 

Breakfast. 

1  pint  Milk. 

1  pint  Milk. 

1  pint  Milk. 

1  pint  Barley- 
water. 

Physician's  Patients. 

1   pint    Soup, 

i  pint  of  Milk 

1  pint  Gruel. 

i  lb.  of  Potatoes,  4  oz. 

made  with    4 

with  Rice-pud- 

dressed meat,  ( beef  or 

oz.  Beef,  alter- 

ding, 4   daj's, 

mutton,)     roast     and 

nately  with  1 

and  witli  Bat- 

boiled   alternately,    4 

pint  of  Broth 

ter-pudding,  3 

days. 

with  Barley. 

days. 

Dinner  .  ■ 

4  oz.  Meat  in  Soup,  3 
days. 

Wiirgeon's  Patients. 
1  lb.  of  Potatoes,  4  oz. 
dressed  meat,  (beef  or 
mutton,)     roast     and 
boiled  alternately. 

1  pintdruel  alternately 

1  pint  Gruel. 

i  pint  Milk  or 

1  pint   Gruel 

Supper  .  i 

with  1  pint  of  Barley- 

1  pint  Gruel. 

or  Barley-wa- 

water. 

ter. 

8.  North  London  Hospital. 


Daily 

FULL  DIET. 

MIDDLE   DIET. 

LOW  DIET. 

MILK   DIET. 

16  oz.  Bread. 

i  pint  Milk. 

i  lb.  Meat  and  i  lb. 

Potatoes  4  days. 
1  pt.  Soup  or  Rice 

3  days. 

16  OZ.  Broad. 
i  pint  Milk. 
1    pint    Soup    or 
Rice. 

8  oz.  Bread. 

i  pint  Milk. 

Oatmeal  for 

Gruel. 

17  oz.  Bread. 
2  pints  Milk. 

9.  JCing's  College  Hospital. 


Daily  . . . 

Breakfast 
Dinner  .  . 
Supper  . . 


1  pint  Beer,  or 

i  pint  Porter. 

14  oz.  Bread. 

1  pt.  Milk  Por- 
ridge. 

i  lb.  Meat., 

i  lb.  Potatoes. 

1  pt.  Milk  Por- 
rido-e. 


MIDDLE   DIET. 


MILK    DIET. 


14  oz.  Bread. 

1  pt.  Milk  Por- 
ridge. 

J  lb.  iMeat. 

i  lb.  Potatoes. 

1  pt.  Milk  Por- 
ridge. 


1  lb.  Bread. 

1  pint  Milk. 
1  pint  Milk. 
1  pint  Gruel. 


LOW    DIET. 


8  oz.  Bread. 


1  pint  Gruel. 

1  pint  Broth. 

1  pt.  Milk  Por- 
ridge. 


FEVER  DIET. 


1  pint  Gruel. 

2  pints  Barley- 
water. 

1  pt.  Milk  Por- 
ridge.   


10.  Dreadnought  Hospital  Ship. 


Breakfast. 
Dinner  . . . 


Supper  ■ 


l)int  Tea. 
11).  Bread, 
lb.  Meat, 
lb.  Potatoes, 
pints    Beer, 
(if  ordered.) 


1  pint  Broth. 


ORDINARY   DIET. 


Ditto. 

Ditto, 
i  lb.  Meat, 
i  lb.  Potatoes. 
1  pint  Beer,  (if 
ordered.) 

1  pint  Broth  or 
Gruel. 


Ditto. 
i  lb.  Bread. 

1  pint  of  Beef 
Tea. 

1  pint  Gruel  or 
Milk,  (if  or- 
dered. 


MILK   DIET. 


Ditto. 
1  lb.  Bread. 

1  pint  Milk. 


1  pint  Milk. 


Ditto. 

Gruel. 

Gruel  or  Bar- 
ley-water. 


DIET 


299 


DIET 


HOSPITALS. 


Liverpool. 


ORDINARV    DIET. 


Breakfast.— A.  pint  milk  porrid-e,  breaded  every  morn'g 

Dinuer.—{\,  5,  T*)  — Boiled  beef  and  vegetables.— (2) 
— Hice,  milk,  and  bread.— (3)— Stewed  beef  and  po- 
tatocs.— (4)— Pea  soup  and  bread.— (6)— Ale,  sruel 
and  bread.  '  a        < 

Supper.  —  A  pint  of  broth  and  bread  on  Sunday  and 
Thursday.  A  pint  of  milk  and  bread  on  the  other  days. 

i  ULL  DiKT.  —  The  same  as  the  ordinary  diet. 


BlUSTOL. 


rilRMl^GnAM. 

Revised  1819. 


RreakfaHl.—0'a  Sunday,  Tuesday,  Thursday,  and  Satur- 
day, milk  porridge;  Monday,  Wednesday,  and  Fri- 
day, meat  broth  ;  12  oz.  of  bread  on  meat  days ;  14 
oz.  on  the  other  days. 

Dinner.— {\,  .3,  5)— Three-fourths  of  a  pound  of  meat, 
with  vegetables;  two  pints  of  beer  daily.— (2  4  6  7) 
—A  pint  of  gruel  or  pap.  \  >    >    y    J 

Supper.— K  wine  pint  of  gruel  of  meal  broth  on  Sun- 
day;  2  oz.  of  cheese  for  the  men,  one-fourth  of  an  oz. 
of  butter  for  the  women,  on  Monday,  Wednesday. 
Friday,  and  Saturday. 

Full  Diet.  —  The  patients  have  meat  every  day. 


Drenkfast.—To  each  man  a  pint  and  a  half  of  milk  por- 
ridge, with  4  oz.  of  bread  added  to  it.  To  each  wo- 
man or  child,  one  pint  of  milk  porridge  without 
bread.     To  each  patient  2  oz.  of  bread  daily. 

Dinner.— {I,  ,3,  5)— To  each  man  8  oz.  of  baked  or  boiled 
meat ;  to  each  woman  or  child,  6  oz.  To  each  patient, 
6  oz.  of  vegetables,  and  one  pint  of  beer  daily.— (2)— 
To  each  man,  a  quart  of  rice  or  barley  broth,  made 
with  a  variety  of  vegetables  ;  to  each  woman  or  child, 
one  pint  and  a  half.  —(4)- Twelve  ounces  of  boiled 
nee  or  bread  pudding.  —  (6)  —  Pour  oz.  of  boiled  or 
baked  meat,  a  pint  of  rice  or  barley  broth,  made  with 
a  variety  of  vegetables.— (7)— Six  oz.  of  baked  rice 
or  bread  pudding,  or  a  pint  of  rice  or  barley  broth, 
made  with  a  variety  of  vegetables. 

Supper.— \  pint  of  brotl^,  milk  porridge,  or  gruel. 

Full  Diet. —  Breakfast  the  same  as  in  ordinary  diet. 
Dinner,  6  oz.  of  boiled  or  baked  meat,  6  oz.  of  veo-e- 
tables,  6  oz.  of  baked  rice  or  bread  pudding.  Supplir, 
the  same  as  ordinary  diet. 


Ljw  diet. 


Consists  throughout  the 
day  of  milk  porridge, 
common  batter,  or  rice, 
pudding. 

The  ale  and  beer  are 
bought. 


Breakfast.— A  wine  quart 
ofmilk  porridge  or  milk. 

Dinner.  —  A  wine  quart 
of  weak  broth. 

Supper.  —  The  same  as 
breakfast,  14  oz.  of 
bread,  and  barley-wa- 
ter for  common  drink. 

20  bushels  of  malt,  15  lbs. 
of  hops  to  14  gals,  of 
strong  ale  ;  21  bush,  of 
malt,  and  12  pounds  of 
hops,  to  360  gals,  of 
ale;  11  bush,  of  malt, 
7  pounds  of  hops,  to 
360  gals,  of  small  beer. 


Breakfast. — The  same  as 
ordinary  diet. 

Dinner. — A  pint  of  broth 
or  rice  milk,  6  oz.  of 
baked  rice  or  bread 
pudding  to  each  pa- 
tient every  day. 

Supper.  —  The  same  afi 
ordinary  diet. 


ir.  SCOTLAND. 


Edinburgh. 


Glasgow. 


Breakfast.  —  One  mutchkin  of  porridge,  three  gills  of 
milk  or  beer;  or  five  and  one-fourth  ounces  of  fine 
bread,  milk  or  beer. 

Z>(-H»er.  — (1,  4)  — One  chopin  of  broth,  8  ounces  of 
butcher's  meat  boiled  in  the  broth,  or  beef-steak  ;  five 
and  one-fourth  ounces  of  bread. —  (2,  5,  7)  —  A  chopin 
of  broth  made  of  beef  and  bones,  barley,  groats,  pota- 
toes, and  vegetables;  five  and  a-half  ounces  of  bread. 
— (3,  6)  —  Potato  soup,  with  beef  and  veal,  or  bones: 
bread  as  above. 

Supper. — As  the  breakfast  each  day. 

Full  Diet. — At  discretion. 


At  discretion. 


Breakfaat.  —  UWk  porridge,  quantity  not  limited,  with 
half  a  mutchkin  of  sweet  milk,  or  one  mutchkin  of 
buttermilk  or  beer. 

Dinner.  — (\)  — Broth  made  of  barley,  vegetables,  and 
the  dripping  of  the  meat  roasted  during  the  week, 
with  a  quartern  loaf  to  a  man,  and  half  to  a  woman.— 
(2,  4)— Beef  boiled  :  8  oz.  to  the  men,  and  6  oz.  to  the 
women ;  a  quartern  loaf  to  a  man.  and  half  to  a  wo- 
man,—or  vegetables.— (3,  6)— Broth,  made  with  beef, 
barley,  and  vegetables  ;  a  quartern  loaf  to  men,  and 
half  to  women.  — (5)  — Potato  soup,  with  cow  heels, 
bones,  Ac  —(7)  — Six  oz.  of  cheese  to  men,  4  oz.  to 
women  ;  bread  as  above. 

Supper.— \s  the  breakfast  each  day. 

Full  Diet. — At  discretion. 


At  discretion. 


•  The  figures  in  parentheses  denote  the  days  of  the  week," 


DIET 


800 


DIET 


III.  IRELAND. 


5.  Hospitals 

of  House  of 

Industry. 


Stei'Hkn's 
Hospital. 


Royal  Hos- 
pital, Phoe- 
nix  Park. 


Richmond 
Hospital. 


Belfast 
Hospital. 


Cork  Fever 
Hospital. 


Per  diem. — Sixteen  oz.  of  white  broad,  one  quart  of  new 
milk,  and  one  quart  of  buttermilk  for  whey. 

Full  Diet.  —  Two  ounces  of  bread  7?cr  diem,  one  quart 
of  broth,  one  quart  of  new  milk. 


nrcahfost. — Half  a  pound  of  bread,  one  pint  of  milk. 

Dinner. — (1,  2,  .3,  5,  7) — One  quart  of  soup,  half  a  pound 
of  bread,  or  two  pounds  of  potatoes  ;  one  pint  of  milk 
or  beer.  —  (4,  6)  —  Twelve  oz.  of  bread,  one  quart  of 
sweetened  gruel. 

Breakfast. — One  pint  of  oatmeal  or  rice  gruel. 
Dinner. — Half  a  pound  of  meat,  three-fourths  of  a  pound 

of  bread  ;  one  pound  of  potatoes. 
Supper. — One  pint  of  oatmeal  or  rice  gruel. 
Full  Diet.  —  Three-fourths  of  a  pound  of  meat,  one 

pound  of  bread,  half  a  pound  of  potatoes,  one  quart 

of  beer. 


Breakfast. — One  quart  of  stirabout,  one  pint  of  new  milk. 

Dinner. — Bread,  8  oz. ;  soup,  1  quart. 

Supper. — Bread,  4  oz. ;  new  milk,  one  pint. 

Full  Diet. — Breakfast,  bread,  8  oz. ;  new  milk,  one 
pint.  —  Dinner,  bread,  8  oz. ;  mutton  or  beef,  8  oz. — 
Supper,  bread,  4  oz. ;  new  milk,  one  pint. 


Breakfast. — One  pint  of  stirabout,  one  pint  of  new  milk. 

Dinner. — Haifa  pound  of  bread,  one  pint  of  new  milk. 

Snpper. — One  pint  of  flummery,  one  pint  of  new  milk. 

Full  Diet. — Breakfast,  one  quart  of  stirabout,  one  pint 
of  new  milk. — Dinner,  2  lbs.  of  potatoes,  one  pint  of 
milk. — Supper,  one  pint  of  flummery,  one  pint  of  new 
milk. 


Breakfast. — One  half  quartern  loaf  for  every  four,  and 
one  pint  of  new  milk  each.  Under  12  years,  half  a 
quartern  loaf  for  every  eight. 

Dinner. — (1,  3,  5) — One  pound  of  beef,  and  two  pounds 
of  potatoes,  tinder  12  yeiirs,  half  a  pound  of  beef, 
and  one  pound  of  potatoes.  —  (2,  4,  6,  7)  —  Potatoes 
and  milk. 

Supper.  —  One  pint  of  milk  and  one  of  stirabout,  for 
adults  ;  half  do.  for  children. 


One  pint  of  flummery  ^er 
diem,  one  qiuirtof  new 
milk,  and  one  quart  of 
buttermilk  for  whey. 


Daily,  half  a  pound  of 
bread,  two  quarts  of 
new  milk,  and  one 
quart  of  buttermilk. 


Breakfast. — Tea. 

Dinner.  —  Half  a  poand 
of  bread  made  iuto  pa- 
nada or  pudding. 


Breakfast.  —  Flummery, 
one  pint;  new  milk, 
one  pint. 

Supper. — Half  a  pound  of 
bread,  one  pint  of  milk. 


Per  diem.  —  Quarter  of  a 
pound  of  bread,  one 
quart  of  gruel,  three 
pints  of  new  milk,  half 
a  pint  of  flummery. 
Barley  water  at  occa- 
sions. 


Breakfast.  —  One -fourth 
of  a  lb.  of  bread,  with 
milk  and  water  sweet- 
ened. 

Dinner.  —  Gruel,  broth, 
wine,  and  porter,  as  or- 
dered by  the  physician. 


IV.  UNITED  STATES. 


Pennsylva- 
nia Hospi- 
tal, Philada. 


Philadel- 
phia 
Hospital, 
(Blockley.) 


Nev  York 

Hospital, 

N.  York  City. 


Breakfast. — Tea,  coff'ce;  or  chocolate,  with  sugar  or  mo- 
lasses and  milk, and  common  baker's  bread  at  discretion. 

Dinner. — Soup  always;  meat  of  two  kinds — mutton  and 
beef,  generally — pork  frequently  ;  vegetables,  accord- 
ing to  the  season ;  potatoes  and  rice,  always. 

Supper.  —  Tea  and  bread  :  no  butter  allowed  either  to 
breakfast  or  supper,  unless  prescribed. 


House  Diet.  —  Arrow-root,  gruel,  sago,  tapioca,  rice, 
beef  tea,  beef  essence,  chicken  water,  rice  Wctter,  bar- 
ley water,  gum  water,  flaxseed  tea,  lemonade.  (The 
diet  on  which  the  sick  are  placed  on  entering  the 
house  until  otherwise  directed.) 

Moderate  Diet.  —  Tea,  crackers,  broth,  rice,  mush, 
milk,  potatoes,  &c. 

Full  Diet.  —  Bread,  coffee,  tea,  white  meat,  mutton, 
beef,  ham,  eggs,  butter,  soup,  potatoes,  &c. 


Breakfast.  —  Bread  and  black  tea,  one  ounce  of  tea  to 
every  six,  and  a  pint  of  milk  to  every  eight  patients. 

Dinner. — Tuesdays,  Wednesdays,  Thursdays,  and  Satur- 
days, beef  soup,  with  beef  and  potatoes,  and  bread. 
On  Mondays,  boiled  rice,  with  one  gill  of  molasses. 

Supper. — The  same  as  breakfast. 


Gruel,  gum  water,  barley 
water,  and  other  arti- 
cles prescribed  by  the 
physician. 


The  kind  and  quantity 
left  to  the  physician. 
The  House  Diet  may  be 
regarded  as  low  diet. 


Special  diet  is  directed 
by  the  attending  phy- 
sician, and  adapted  to 
each  case. 


DIET   DRINK 


301 


DIGESTIBLE 


The  7)i'cf  Svale  o/  the  British  N'avy  allows  from 
31  to  .'iji  ounces  of  dry  nutritious  matter  daily; 
of  which  26  ounces  are  vegetable,  and  the  rest 
nnimal  —  9  ounces  of  salt  meat,  or  4i  ounces  of 
fresh. 

That  of  the  Navy  of  the  United  States  is  as 
follows  : — Three  (hiyn  in  the  week  —  Pork,  16  oz. ; 
heans  or  peas,  7  oz. ;  biscuit,  14  oz. ;  pickles  or 
cranberries,  1  oz. ;  sugar,  2  oz. ;  tea,  J  oz. ; — 40i 
oz.  Twd  days  in  the  week — Beef,  16  oz. ;  flour, 
8  oz. ;  fruit,  dried,  4  oz.;  biscuit,  14  oz. ;  tea  and 
sugar,  2i  oz. ;  pickles  or  cranberries,  1  oz. ;  — 
451  oz.  Tiro  days  in  the  iceek  —  Beef,  16  oz. ; 
rice,  8  oz. ;  butter,  2  oz. ;  cheese,  2  oz. ;  biscuit, 
14  oz.;  tea  and  sugar,  2i  oz. ;  pickles  or  cran- 
berries, 1  ()/,. ; — 45i  oz. 

In  the  Edinburgh  workhouse  the  total  allow- 
ance of  dry  food  is  about  17  ounces  — 13  ounces 
vegetable,  and  4  ounces  aniuial.  In  the  Edin- 
burgh children's  poor-house,  the  diet  consists  of 
milk  and  porridge,  barley  broth  and  bread, 
amounting  to  13  ounces  of  vegetable  food  to  4 
ounces  of  animal.  These  allowances  have  been 
fnund  ample  for  the  maintenance  of  health.  Per- 
hiips  the  case  of  the  smallest  quantity  of  food  on 
which  life  was  vigorous!}'  supported  was  that  of 
Cornaro, — not  more  than  12  ounces  a  day,  chiefly 
of  vegetable  matter,  for  a  period  of  58  years. 

DIET  DRINK.  A  decoction  or  potion,  va- 
riously composed,  and  used  in  considerable  quan- 
tity, for  the  purpose  of  purifying  the  blood.  The 
Dicoc'tnin  Lusilan'icnm  or  Liibon  Diet-drink  is 
>ne  of  the  most  celebrated.  See  Decoctum  Sar- 
gaparillic  Compositum. 

Diet,  Dry.  A  diet  in  which  there  is  but  a 
small  or  no  allowance  of  fluid. 

DIETARY,  TABLE  OF,  see  Diet  Scale. 

DIETE,  Diet. 

DIETET'ICS,  DicBtet'ice,  Dicstet'icn,  Medici'na 
Diaitet'ica;  same  etymon.  {¥.)  Dietetique.  A 
branch  of  medicine,  comprising  the  rules  to  be 
followed  for  preventing,  relieving,  or  curing  dis- 
eases by  diet.  Dietetics  is  diet  administered  ac- 
cording to  principle.  It  is  an  important  part  of 
Hygiene.  A  well  regulated  system  of  diet  has 
great  power  in  checking  disease,  and  likewise  in 
preventing  it.  A  proper  knowledge  of  dietetics 
is,  indeed,  as  important  as  that  of  the  Materia 
Mcdiea,  strictly  so  called. 

Dietetics  has  been  used,  also,  synonymously 
with  Hygiene. 

DIErETIQUE,  Dietetics. 

DIETET'ISTS,  DicRtetis'tm,  (F.)  Diititistea. 
Physicians  who  apply  only  the  rules  of  dietetics 
to  the  treatment  of  disease. 

DIEU-LE-FILT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
The  waters  of  Dieu-le-filt,  in  France,  are  chaly- 
beate, and  much  sought  after. 

DIEURYS.MUS,  Dilatation. 

DIEX'ODOS,  from  ^la,  and  tfo^of,  'an  exit  or 
way  out.'  Di'odos.  Any  opening  by  which  an 
excretion  takes  place. 


DIFFERENTIAL  DIAGNOSIS,  see  Diacri- 
tica  signa. 

DIFFERENTIATION,  Development. 

DIFFICULTAS  INTESTINORUM,  Dysen- 
tery. 

DIFFLATIO,  Perspiration. 

DIFFORMITK,  Deformation. 

DIFFU'SIBLE,  (stimulants)  from  diffundere, 
(din,  and  fundere,  fusiim,  'to  pour,')  'to  pour 
apart  or  abroad.'  Those  stimulating  medicines 
are  so  called,  which  augment  the  action  of  the 
vascular  and  nervous  systems  in  an  acute  but 
transitory  manner. 

DIGAS'TRICUS,  from  &ti,  'twice,' and  yaan,p, 
'  a  belly  :'  Biven'ter,  B.  Maxill'a,  Dep' rimeus 
Mnjcil'lcR  Biven'ter,  Bigas'ter,  (F.)  Mastiiidohyo- 
gfnien,  Mantd'ido-genien  —  (Ch.),  Digastriqiic, 
Abaieseur  de  In  mnehoire  inferieure.  The  name 
JDif/antricHs  was  formerly  given  to  several  mus- 
cles. It  is  now  restricted  to  one  of  the  muscles 
of  the  superior  hyoid  region.  The  digastricus  is 
thick  and  fleshy  at  its  extremities,  thin  and  ten- 
dinous at  its  middle.  It  is  attached  to  the  mas- 
toid  groove  of  the  temporal  bone,  and  to  a  fos- 
sette  at  the  side  of  the  symphysis  menti.  Its 
tendon  passes  through  an  aponeurotic  ring,  which 
is  attached  to  the  os  hyoides. 

The  use  of  the  digastricus  is  to  depress  the 
lower  jaw,  or  to  raise  the  os  hyoides,  and  to  carry 
it  forwards  or  backwards,  as  in  deglutition. 

The  strong  double-bellied  muscle,  which  forms 
the  gizzard  of  birds,  is  also  called  Digastricut. 

DiGASTRicns  Chanii,  Occipito-frontalis. 

DIGASTRIQUE,  Digastricus. 

DIGENY,  see  Generation. 

DIGERENTIA,  Digestives. 

DIGES'TIBLE,  Concoc'tCts  hah' His.  Capable 
of  being  digested.  All  food  is  not  equally  di- 
gestible, and  some  of  the  most  important  is  the 
least  so  : — the  fat  of  meat,  for  example.  Certain 
substances,  again,  are  entirely  rel)ellious.  The 
following  table  exhibits  the  time  required  for  the 
stomachal  digestion  of  difl'ercnt  alimentary  sub- 
stances, in  a  well-known  case,  which  fell  under 
the  care  of  Dr.  Beaumont.  The  table  is  extracted 
from  the  Author's  Human  Health,  Pliiliidelphia, 
1S44.  The  most  digestible  substances  are  taken 
as  the  standard,  which  has  been  arbitrarily  fixed 
at  1000;  and  accordingly,  aponeuri)s!n,  the  first 
article  in  the  table,  requiring  3  hours,  whilst 
^xV/s'  feet  aouted,  rice,  &c.,  require  but  one,  its 
digestibility,  compared  with  that  of  these  ali- 
ments, is  placed  as  333  to  1000;  and  so  of  thrt 
others.  It  need  scarcely  be  said,  that  all  these 
tabular  results  apply,  in  strictness,  to  the  indi- 
vidual concerned  only;  yet  they  afford  useful 
comparative  views,  which  with  exceptions  de- 
pending upon  individual  peculiarities,  may  be 
regarded  as  approximations  applicable  to  man- 
kind in  general. 


DIGESTIFS 


302 


DIGITAL 


Aliments. 


Form  of 
prepara- 


H  c 


Aponeurosis boiled 

Apples,  mellow !raw 

Do       sour,  hard I  do. 

Do.      sweet,  mellow  ....[  do. 

Rarley boiled 

Bass,  striped,  fresh [broiled 

Beans,  pod     Iboiled 

Do.     and  ereen  corn !    do. 

Beef,  fresli,  lean,  rare jroasted 

Do.     do.      do.     dry do. 

Do.     do      steak [broiled 

Uo    with  salt  only ^boiled 

Do.    Willi  mustard,  &c 1    do. 

Do |fried 

Do.   old,  hard  salted jboiled 

Beets boiled 

Braitis.  animal boiled 

Bread,  torn 

Do,     wheat,  fresh  .... 

Biiltert 

Caliliage,  head 

Do.        with  vinegar. 

Do 

Cake,  corn 

Do.     sponge 

Carrot,  orange 

Cartilage    

Catfish,   fresh 

Cheese,  old,  strong 

Chicken,  full  grown |fricasseed 

Codfisti.  cured  dry   boiled 

Corn  (green)  and  beans. ..  .jhoili'd 

Cuslard baked 

Duck,  domesticated roasted 

Do.     wild I     do. 

Dumpling,   apple Iboiled 

Eggs,    fresh   Ihard   boiled 


baked 
baked 
melted 
raw 
do. 
boiled 
baked 

do. 
boiled 

do. 
fried 
raw 


3 
o 

'3  50 

1  50 

3 

2  30 

3  45 
3 

i  30 
3 

4.i 
3  30 
4 

15 
3  45 

1  45 
3  15 
3  30 
3  30 

2  30 


Do. 
Do. 
Do, 
Do. 
Do. 


do 

do 

do 

do 

do   

Flounder,  fresh 

Fowls,  domestic  . . . 

Do.  do 

Gelatin 

Goose,  wild     .... 

Heart,  animal 

I.,anib.  fresh     

Liver,  beefs,  fresh 


soft  boiled 
fried 
roa  sted 
raw 

whipped 
fried 
boiled 
roasted 
boiled 
roasted 
fried 
boiled 
do. 


4  30 
3 

2  30 

3  1. 
15 

3  30 
3  30 
■2  45 


3  45 

2  45 
4 

4  30 
3 

3  30 
3 

3  30 

2  15 

1  3(1 

3  30 
4 

4 

2  30 
2  30 
4 

12  30 
2 


333 
500 
352 
545 
500 
333 
400 
200 
333 
2>-"5 
333 
.3ti3 
2f5 
250 
235 
2(it) 
571 
302 
285 
2,-^5 
400 
500 
o.j-2 
333 
400 
302 
2,35 
285 
285 
303 
500 
200 
3(3 
250 
222 
333 
2^5 
'333 
285 
444 
500 
00() 
285 
2.50 
2;i0 
400 
400 
250 
400 
500 


Marrow,  animal  spinal 
Meal  and  vegeiables  ... 

.Milk    

Do 

Million,  fresh 

Do.         do 

Do  do 

Ovsters,  fresh 

Do.  do 

Do.  do 

Parsnips 

I'ig.  sucking 

feit.  .soused 

fat  and  lean 

recenllv  sailed. .. . 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Potatoes,  Irish   

Do.  do 

Do.  do 

Rice 


Form  of 
prepara- 
tion. 


Pit 

Pork, 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 


Salmon,  salted 

Sausage,  fresh 

Soup,  barley 

Do.     beau 

Do.     bcjcf  vegetables,  and 
bread  

Do.     chicken 

Siuip  marrow  bones 

Do.   nuitlon 

Do.  oyster 

Suet,  beef,  fresh 

Do.    mutton 

Tapioca 

'IViidon,  boiled 

Tripe,  soused 

Trout,  salmon,  fresh 

Do.         do 

Turkey,  domestic 

Do.  "  do 

Do.        wild 

Turnips,  flat 

Veal,  fresh 

Do.       do 

Vegetables      and      meat 

hashed  

Venison,  steak 


boiled 

hashed 

boiled 

raw 

roasted 

broiled 

boiled 

raw 

roasted 

stewed 

boiled 

rousted 

lioiled 

roasted 

boiled 

fried 

broiled 

raw 

•wed 
boiled 
roasted 
baked 
boiled 

do. 

do. 
broiled 
boiled 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do, 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 
fried 
roasted 
boiled 
roasted 
boiled 
broiled 
fried 

warmed 

broiled 


A.m. 

40 

2  30 


3  30 

10 

2  30 
I 

15 

4  30 
4 

3  15 

;t 

3 

3  30 

30 

3  20 

I 

1  45 
4 

3  20 
I  30 
3 


3 

4  15 
3  30 
:i  30 

5  30 
30 

2 

5  30 
1 
I  30 

1  30 

2  30 
2  25 

2  IH 

3  30 
4 

4  30 

2  30 

1  35 


375 
4UU 
5(10 
444 

307 
333 
333 
342 
3ii; 
2r5 
4(1(1 
400 
IIIUU 
I'JU 
'-•J2 

2:)5 

3(i2 
333 
:*33 
2^5 
4(1(1 
4UU 
1000 
571 
250 
30(1 
()()(i 
333 

250 
333 
235 
2t^5 

2t'5 
181 
222 
5(10 
lel 
1000 

U(i(l 

(jtC 
4(1(1 
511 
435 

285 
2.-)0 
222 

400 
031 


*  Pigs'  feet  soused,  rice,  and  tripe  soused,  being  the  most  digestible  articles  in  the  table,  are  eslimaled  at  1000. 
t  In  the  case  of  oils,  and  other  substances  of  similar  nature,  which  undergo  little  digestion  in  the  stomach, 
the  time  merely  indicates  the  period  that  elapses  before  they  are  sent  into  the  duodenum. 


DIGESTIFS,  Digestives. 

DIGESTIO,  Digestion  — d.  Depravata,  Dys- 
pepsia—  d.  DifiBcilis,  Dyspepsia  —  d.  Lsesa,  Dys- 
pepsia. 

DIGES'TION,  Digeat'io,  from  digere,  '  to  dis- 
solve;' Coctio,  0.  Cibo'rum,  Pep'eif,  Diges'tive 
Proc"ess.  Digestion  is  a  function,  by  means  of 
which  alimentary  substances,  when  introduced 
into  the  digestive  canal,  undergo  different  altera- 
tions. The  object  of  this  is  to  convert  them  into 
two  parts  ;  the  one,  a  reparatory  juice,  destined 
to  renew  the  perpetual  waste  occurring  in  the 
economy  :  the  other,  deprived  of  its  nutritious 
properties,  to  be  rejected  from  the  body.  This 
function  is  composed  of  a  series  of  organic  ac- 
tions, differing  according  to  the  particular  organi- 
zation of  the  animal.  In  man  they  are  eight  in 
number,  viz  :  1.  Prehension  of  food.  2.  Mastica- 
tion. .3.  Insalivation.  4.  Deglutition..  5.  Action 
of  the  stomach.  6.  Action  of  the  small  intestine. 
7.  Action  of  the  large  intestine.  8.  E.KpulsioQ  of 
the  faeces. 

Digestion  is  also  a  pharmaceutical  operation, 


which  consists  in  treating  certain  solid  substancej 
with  water,  alcohol,  or  other  menstruum,  at  a 
slightly  elevated  temperature,  —  in  a  sand-bath, 
for  example,  or  by  leaving  them  exposed  for  some 
time  to  the  sun. 

DIGESTIVE,  see  Digestives  — d.  Principle, 
Pepsin — d.  Process,  Digestion. 

DiGKSTivE  Texturk.  The  particular  organic 
condition  of  substances  which  affects  their  diges- 
tibility. 

Digestive  Tube,  Canal,  alimentary. 

Diges'tives,  Bigesti'vn,  JJigeren'tia ;  snme 
etymon  as  Digestion.  (F.)  Digestifs.  A  term 
given,  by  surgeons,  to  substances,  which,  wlien 
applied  to  a  wound  or  ulcer,  promote  su|ipiira- 
tion ;  as  the  ceratum  reaina,  icann  caldpl'ism'i 
/omenintions,  &c.  Such  substances  are  vulgarly 
termed  drntritig. 

DIG"ITAL,  Digita'lis ;  from  digitufi,  'a  fin- 
ger:' having  the  shape  of  a  finger;  digitated. 
Belonging  to  the  fingers. 

The  Appen'dix  vermifor' mie  cceci  is  sometimes 
called  Dig"ital  Appen'dix. 


DIGITAL   BLANC 


3  03 


DILATING   AGENTS 


Digital  Artkries,  Veins,  and  Nerves,  are 
those  distributed  to  the  fingers. 
DIGITAL  BLANC,  Claviiria. 
Digital  Cavitv,  An'cyroid   cavity,  Comu   de- 
tceit'denn  veutric'nli  Interit'lis.    The  occipital  por- 
tion of  the  hvteral  ventricle  of  the  brain. 
DIGITAL  HUMAIN,  Chivaria. 
Digital  Impressions,  see  Impressions  Digital, 
are  the  slight  depressions  observable  on  the  inner 
surface  of  the  bones  of  the  cniniuin,  vfhich  corre- 
spond to  the  cerebral  convolutions. 

DIGITALE  PETITE,  Gratiola  officinalis. 
DIGITA'LE.  Same  etymon  as  Digital.  (F.) 
Dnii/lier.  A  finger  stall.  The  term  Doigtier 
d' AidnibaH  has  been  given  to  a  small  iron  in- 
strument used  for  measuring  the  dimensions  of 
the  pelvis.  Placed  at  the  end  of  the  index  fin- 
ger, it  adds  to  its  length  and  enables  it  to  reach 
the  promontory  of  the  sacrum. 
DIOfTALINE,  see  Digitalis. 
DIGITA'LIS,  from  diijitux,  'a  finger,'  because 
its  flower  represents  a  finger ;  Dtgita'lh  purpa'- 
rea,  Bnc'chnris,  Bacchnr,  Bacvar,  [?]  Fox-glove, 
(Sc.)  Deadmen'a  belh,  (Prov.)  FInpdock.  Ord. 
Scrophularinese.  Sex.  Syxt.  Didynamia  Angio- 
Fpcrinia.  (F.)  Digitale,  GnntH  de  notre  dame, 
DiiUjiier.  The  leaves  of  this  plant,  which  are 
indigenous  in  Great  Britain,  are  pnwcrfuUy  seda- 
tive, diminishing  the  velocity  of  the  pulse,  diu- 
retic, and  sorbefacient.  In  over-doses,  Digitalis 
causes  vomiting,  purging,  dimness  of  sight,  ver- 
tigo, delirium,  hiccough,  convulsions,  and  death  : 
— all  the  symptoms,  in  short,  which  characterize 
the  acro-narcotic  class  of  poisons.  Its  active 
principle  has  been  called  I)ig"{tah'ne.  It  is  a 
hundred-fold  stronger  than  the  most  active  pre- 
paration of  digitalis. 

Digitalis  has  been  administered  in  inflamma- 
tory diseases,  phthisis,  active  hemorrhage,  drop- 
sy, dkc. ;  but  although  it  is  a  powerful  remedy,  it 
has  not  been  as  much  employed  as  it  probably 
would  have  been  in  particular  cases,  owing  to 
the  over-strained  eulogiums,  which  many  have 
passed  upon  it  in  almost  all  diseases.  The  avc- 
rnge  dose  is  one  grain,  in  the  form  of  pill,  which 
may  be  repeated  every  six  or  eight  hours. 
Digitalis  Minima,  Gratiola  ofliicinalis. 
DIGITARIA  DACTYLON,Cynodon  dactylon. 
DIGITA'TION,  Digitn'tlo,  Prodiic'tio  deii'la'la, 
Iimer'tlo  denticidn'la,  I.  digita'ta,  (F.)  Dentatnre, 
DenteUire.  A  division  into  processes  having  the 
form  of  fingers.  Several  muscles,  as  the  serati, 
exhibit  digitations,  similar  to  those  which  the 
fingers  form,  when  helii  separate. 

DIGITATIONES  TUBARUM  FALLOPII, 
see  Tube,  Fallopian. 

DIGIT"IUM.  Desiccation  or  atrophy  of  the 
fingers. — Linnaeus.  Sauvages  calls  the  same  af- 
fection Pariiin/rh'ia  Di(iil"iiim.  see  Paronychia. 

DIOITOUUM  TENSOR,  Extensor  brevis  digi- 
torum  pedis. 

DIG"ITUS,  Dac'tyloH,  Finger,  (F.)  Doigt.  A 
name  given  to  the  prolongations  which  form  the 
cxtromity  of  the  hand.  There  are  five  on  each 
hand  :  the  first,  the  thumb,  Anticheir,  Pollex, 
Allim  Pollex,  ManuK  parvn  majo'ri  adju'trix, 
J)ig"itiis  primuv  seu  mugiiio,  Pro'mnnim,  (F.) 
Police;  the  second,  the  index,  Digitim  index  seu 
neiun'dim  sen  saliitit'ris  seu  snlntn'riiis  seu  de- 
inonntrato'riiis  seu  dewoiistrnti'vim,  Indica'for, 
Dfinonitrn'tor,  Li'chnnon  ;  the  third,  D.  me'diim 
seu  tir'tius  seu  /amo'niiH  seu  inipndl'cii/>  seu  06- 
»<•'«■'»«»  seu  infii'min  seu  verpim,  (F.)  Doigt  dii 
niilieii,  middle  Jinger  or  long  finger ;  the  fourth, 
the  ring  finger.  Digitus  nnnida'ris,  Param'esos, 
D.  quartim  seu  medicina'lin  seu  med'icua  seu  cor- 
din,  Int'ricuK,  (F.)  Annidaire  ;  and  the  little 
finger,  Oti'tcs,  Dig"ilit(i  aiiricidii'ris  se»  min'imus 
se\i parvua  seu  qnintits  seu  mijops  seu  oli'tcg,  (F.) 


Auricnlaire,  Petit  doigt.    All  of  these  have  threo 
phalanges,  except  the  first,  which  has  only  two. 

Digitus  Annularis,  Annular  finger  —  d.  Au- 
ricularis,  see  Digitus — d.  Cordis,  see  Digitus — d. 
Demonstrativus,  see  Digitus  —  d.  Dcnionstrato- 
rius,  see  Digitus  —  d.  Famosus,  see  Digitus  —  d. 
Impudicus,  see  Digitus  —  d.  Index,  Index,  see 
Digitus — d.  Indicatorius,  Index,  see  Digitus — d. 
Infamis,  see  Digitus  —  d.  Magnus,  Pollex,  see 
Digitus — d.  Medicinalis,  see  Digitus — d.  Medicus, 
see  Digitus — d.  Medius,  see  Digitus — d.  Minimus, 
see  Digitus — d.  Myops,  see  Digitus — d.  Obscoenus, 
see  Digitus  —  d.  Otites,  see  Digitus  —  d.  Parvus, 
see  Digitus. 

Dig"itus  Pedis,  Toe,  (Sc.)  Tae,  (F.)  Orteil. 
The  toes  are  five  in  number,  and  distinguished 
numerically,  reckoning  from  within  to  without. 
The  first  is,  also,  called  great  toe,  tom-toe,  (F.) 
gros  orteil;  the  fifth,  the  little  toe,  petit  orteil. 
They  have  nearly  the  same  organization  as  the 
fingers. 

Digitus  Primus,  Pollex,  see  Digitus — d.  Quar- 
tus,  see  Digitus — d.  Quintus,  see  Digitus — d.  Salu- 
taris,  see  Digitus — d.  Salutarius.  see  Digitus — d. 
Salutatorius,  Index  —  d.  Secundus,  Index,  see 
Digitus. 

Digitus  Semimor'tuus.  '  Half  dead  finger.'  A 
torpid  condition  of  the  fingers,  met  with  in  con- 
nection with  chlorosis,  and  cerebro-spinal  afi'ec- 
tions. 

DiGITrw  Supernumera'rius,  Supemn'merarif 
finger,  (F.)  Doigt  siirniimeraire.  An  occasional 
monstrosity  occurs,  in  which  there  are  supernu- 
merary fingers  ;  and  at  times  owing  to  hereditary 
transmission. 

Digitus  Tertius,  see  Digitus — d.  Verpus,  see 
Digitus. 

DIGNA'THUS,  from  it,  'double,' and  yvadoi, 
'lower  jaw.'  A  monster  having  two  lower  jaws. 
— Gurlt. 

DIGNOTIO,  Diagnosis. 

DIHYPOGAS'TRIUS,  from  ii,  'double,' and 
'vizoyaoTotov,  'the  hypogastrium.'  A  monster 
whose  pelvis,  together  with  the  lower  portion  of 
the  abdomen,  is  double. 

DIHYSTE'RIA,  Dime'tra,  Didel'phy8,  V tents 
duplex,  from  Si,  '  double,'  amd  'varipri,  '  uterus.' 
The  state  in  which  there  is  a  double  uterus. 

DIJUDICATIO.  Crisis. 

DILACERATIO,  Laceration. 

iJ/LyiT'^iVy'.S',  Dilating  agents.  ' 

DILATATEUR,  Dilator  — rf.  Anterieur  du 
larynx,  Crico-thyroid  muscle  —  d.  Posterieur  du 
larynx,  Crico-arytenoid,  posterior. 

DILATATIO  BRONCHIORUM,  Bronchia, 
dilatation  of  the — d.  Ventriculi,  Gastrectasis — d. 
Intestinorum,  Entereetasis. 

DILATA'TION,  dilata'tio,  from  dilatare,  dila- 
tntum,  (latum  facere.)  'to  enlarge;'  Euryit'mns, 
Aneiirys'mus,  Dieuryi'mim.  Augmentation  of  the 
bulk  of  a  body,  occasioned  by  a  separation  of 
some  of  its  molecules.  Caloric  has  the  property 
of  dilating  all  bodies.  In  Surgery,  it  means  the 
accidental  or  preternatural  augmentation  of  a 
canal  or  opening :  as  in  aneurisms,  varices,  <fec., 
or  the  process  of  enlarging  any  aperture  or  canal. 
When  used  so  as  to  obtain  a  view  of  parts,  as  by 
the  speculum,  it  is  termed  Dioptris'mus. 

DILATATOIRE,  Dilator. 

DILATATORIUM,  Dilator. 

DILATATORIUS.  Dilator. 

DILA'TING  AGENTS,  Dilatan'tia,  (F.)  Di- 
latants.  Certain  substiinces  used  in  surgery, 
either  to  keep  parts  separate  which  have  a  ten- 
dency to  unite —  as  after  opening  an  abscess,  to 
prevent  the  edges  of  the  incision  from  uniting; 
or  to  increase  and  dilate  openings  of  canals,  either 
when  natural,  or  formed  accidentally  or  artifici- 
ally.    These  agents  differ  from  each  other :  the 


DILATOR 


304 


DIPHTHERIA 


chief  are — prepared  sponge  teuta,  gentian  root, 
bonqies.  Hounds,  dried  peas  for  issues,  &C. 

BILA'TOR.  Dilatiito'rins,  DUistoleiis,  (F.)  Di- 
latateur  ou  Dilatatoire.  A  muscle,  whose  oflRce 
it  is  to  dilate  certain  parts;  such  as  the  inspira- 
tory muscles,  which  dilate  the  chest. 

Dilator,  Dilatato'n'um,  (F.)  Dilatateur.  An 
instrument,  used  for  dilating  a  wound,  excretory 
canal,  or  other  natural  or  artificial  opening.  When 
employed  to  obtain  an  inspection  of  internal 
parts,  it  is  termed  Spec'ulum,  Diop'tra,  or  Diop'- 
tron.  There  are  several  instruments  of  this  kind, 
each  taking  its  name  from  the  part  to  which  it  is 
applied:  as  Spcrnlnm  Oris,  8.  Nasi,  S.  Uteri,  <fec. 

Dilator,  Aunott's.  A  modification  of  the  old 
dilators  for  strictures  of  the  urethra.  It  consists 
of  a  tube  of  oiled  silk,  lined  with  the  thin  gut  of 
some  small  animal  to  make  it  air-tight,  and  fixed 
on  the  extremity  of  a  small  canula.  by  which  it 
is  distended  with  air  or  water,  from  a  bag  or 
syringe  at  the  outer  end,  whilst  a  stop-cock  or 
valve  serves  to  keep  the  air  or  water  in,  when 
received.  As  soon  as  the  bag  is  passed  within 
the  stricture  or  strictures,  as  much  air  is  to  be 
injected  into  it  as  the  patient  can  easily  bear. 
The  instrument  is  not  much  used. 

DiLATORKS  Alarum  Nasi,  Compressor  Naris. 

DILATRIS  TINCTORIA,  Lachnanthes  tinc- 
toria. 

DILL,  Anethum  graveolens. 

DILLY,  Anthemis  eotula.  • 

DILUEN'TIA,  from  dilnn,  {dls,  and  Inere,)  'I 
■wash  away.'  (F.)  Delayants.  Medicines  which 
have  been  conceived  proper  for  augmenting  the 
fluidity  of  the  blood  and  other  animal  liquids. 
All  aqueous  drinks  are  diluents.  They  are  ad- 
ministered, with  great  advantage,  in  various  dis- 
eases. In  fever,  water,  which  is  the  most  familiar 
diluent,  may  be  freely  allowed;  the  only  precau- 
tion being  to  give  it  hot  in  the  cold  stage,  cold  in 
the  hot,  and  tepid  in  the  sweating.  In  diseases, 
■where  it  is  considered  necessary  to  abstract  blood 
largely,  diluents  should  not  be  given  too  freely. 
The  abstraction  of  blood  occasions  activity  of 
absorption,  and  the  mass  is  speedily  restored.  It 
is  also  obvious,  that  in  cases  of  inflammation  of 
the  mammae,  in  nurses,  diluents  should  not  be 
freely  allowed,  as  they  increase  the  secretion  of 
milk,  and  add  to  the  irritation.  When  demulcents 
are  exhibited  in  cases  of  urinary  disease,  they  act 
simply  as  diluents:  their  mucilaginous  portion  is 
digested  in  the  stomach  and  small  intestine, — 
the  watery  portion  alone  being  separated  by  the 
kidnev. 

DILWEED,  Anthemis  eotula. 

DIMETRA.  Dihysteria. 

DINANT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Dinant 
is  a  small  town,  six  leagues  from  St.  Malo.  in 
France,  where  are  mineral  waters,  containing  car- 
bonate of  iron,  chloride  of  sodium,  Ac.  They  are 
much  esteemed. 

DINGEE,  Dengue. 

DINIC,  Antidinic. 

DINKHOLD,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
rich  carbonated  water,  situate  near  the  junction 
of  the  Lahn  with  the  Rhine,  in  the  duchy  of  Nas- 
sau. It  contains  sulphate  of  soda,  chloride  of 
sodium,  carbonate  of  soda,  sulphate  of  lime,  car- 
bonate of  lime,  and  sulphate  of  magnesia. 

DINOMANIA,  Tarantismus. 

DIN  US.  Vertigo— d.  Scotoma,  Scotodynia — d. 
Vertigo,  Vertigo. 

DIOBOLON.  Scruple. 

DIOCRES,  Pastil. 

DIODONCEPHALUS,  (F.)  Diodonee'phale, 
from  it(,  'twice,'  oiov;,  oiovroi,  'a  tooth,'  and 
Ke<pa\v,  'head.'  A  monster  with  a  double  range 
of  teeth,  or  double  jaw. 

DIODOS,  Diexodos. 


DKECESIS,  Dispensation. 

DIONCO'SIS,  from  Sia,  and  oy/cof,  'a  tumonr.' 
The  Methodists  applied  this  name  to  a  sort  (if 
tumefaction  or  plethora,  occurring  either  directly 
from  too  great  a  quantity  of  fluid  circulating  iti 
the  s3-stem,  or  owing  to  the  retention  of  snti. 
stances  which  ought  to  be  excreted.  It  is  tho 
antithesis  to  nymptosis.     See  Intumescence. 

DIONYSIA'NUS,  (F.)  Dlonysien,  from  Aioru- 
aoi,  '  Bacchus,'  who  is  represented  bj-  the  poets  119 
wearing  horns.  One  who  has  long  or  horn-lika 
excrescences. 

DIONYSIS'CUS,  same  etymon.  One  who  hiis 
a  long  horn-like  excrescence  on  the  frontal  region 
— Votrel. 

DIOPHTHALMUS,  Binoculus. 

DIOPTRA,  Speculum,  see  Dilator. 

DIOPTRISMUS,  Dilatation. 

DIOPTRON,  Speculum,  see  Dilator. 

DIORTHO'SIS,  from (5(op^£u.,  'I  make  straight.' 
The  reduction  of  a  fractured  or  luxated  limb. 

DIOSCOREA,  (after  Dioscorides,)  see  Yam. 

Diosco'rea  Villo'sa,  Wild  Yamroot ;  indi- 
genous :  Order,  Dioscoriaceae  ;  flowering  in  July. 
A  decoction  of  the  root  has  been  jjrescribed  in 
bilious  colic.  It  is  said  to  be  expectorant,  dia- 
phoretic, and,  in  large  doses,  emetic. 

DIOSCURI,  Parotis. 

DIOSMA,  D.  crenata. 

Dios'ma  Crena'ta,  from  &ios,  'divine,'  and 
0(7/^17,  '  odour.'  liaros'ma  crena'ta,  Af/alhos'iiin 
crena'tum,  Buchu  Leaves,  Diosma  (Ph.  U.  S., 
1842,  Buchu,  1851),  liucku,  Bocchoe,  Bocho,  B<w. 
cho,  Buclcho,  (F.)  Diosmee  crenelee.  Ord.  Dio.«- 
meae.  A  South  African  plant,  the  powder  of 
whose  leaves  is  used  by  the  Hottentots  to  perfume 
their  bodies.  It  has  been  employed  in  chronic 
affections  of  the  bladder  and  urinary  organs  in 
general.  It  has  also  been  given  in  cholera.  It 
is  often  adulterated  in  commerce,  by  the  substitu- 
tion of  less  potent  plants  of  the  same  family,  as 
Diosma  serratifo'lia,  and  Eujileu'rum  serrula'imii, 

Diosma  Serratifolia,  D.  crenata. 

DIOSMEE  CRENELEE,  Diosma  crenata. 

DIOS'PYROS  LOTUS,  Foba  (Jraca,  hdinn 
Date  Plum,  (F.)  I'laquenunier  d'Eiiropc.  Ord. 
Ebenaceae.  This  tree  grows  in  some  of  the  south- 
ern parts  of  Europe.  Its  fruit  is  very  astrin- 
gent, and  has  been  recommended  in  dysentery 
and  hemorrhage. 

DiOs'PVROS  Virginia'na,  Lotus  Virginin'iin, 
Persim'mon.  A  common  tree  in  the  middle  parts 
of  the  United  States.  The  fruit,  Persim'moiii, 
Yellow  Plums,  Winter  Plums,  Seeded  Plums,  which 
is  only  eatable  after  frost,  (when  it  is  tolerable,) 
is  sometimes  made  into  cakes  with  bran.  Tliesfl, 
being  dried  in  an  oven,  are  kept  to  make  beer. 
When  bruised  in  water,  fermentation  takes  place. 
The  unripe  fruit,  Diospy'ros  (Ph.  U.  S.),  is  dis- 
tressingly  acerb  and  astringent.  It  has  been  u.«ed 
as  an  astringent.  The  bark  of  the  tree  is  ex- 
tremely bitter,  and  may  be  used  where  bitters  aro 
indicated. 

DIO'TA,  Dyo'ta,  from  in,  and  ou?,  wrof,  'ear.' 
Two-eared,  two-handled.  Applied  to  a  wooden 
cup,  lined  with  a  composition  of  resin,  cinnamon, 
cloves,  and  ginger,  to  give  more  flavour  to  beer.  It 
was  formerly  much  used  in  the  north  of  Europe. 

DIPHORUS,  Diphrus. 

DIPHRUS,  Di'phorus,  from  &ii,  'two,'  and 
0£p(D,  '  I  carry.'  Properly  a  seat  for  two.  A  close 
stool. 

DiPHRrs  Maieu'ticus,  Sella  olstetric"ia.  An 
obstetric  chair. 

DIPU'RYGES,  from  5i{,  and  <t>f,vyi^,  'I  tor- 
refy.' The  oxide  of  copper,  more  or  less  pure. 
The  ancients  reckoned  three  kinds  of  diphrygcs, 
which  thev  used  as  astrin;;enfs. 

DIPHTHERIA,  Diphtheritis. 


Dim  THE  RITE 


305 


DIRECTOR 


BirHTITERlTE,  Diphtheritis  — cZ.  Buccale, 
Stoinatitifi,  pseudomembranous. 

DIPIITIIERI'TIS,  niphther'ia,  D!phther!t'ic 
JnJIamiiKttioii,  Iridic' alar  Injlammation,  (F.)  Viph- 
theritc  frum  Siijidipa,  'a  membrane.'  A  name 
given  by  M.  Brctonneau  to  a  class  of  diseases, 
which  are  characterized  by  a  tendency  to  the 
formation  of  false  membranes  ;  and  affect  the  der- 
moid tissue,  —  as  the  mucous  membranes,  and 
even  the  skin. 

Dii'HTHKiuTis  OF"  THE  Throat,  Angina  pellicu- 
laris — d.  Tracliealis,  Cynanche  trachealis. 
DIPLASIASMUS,  Duplication. 
DIPLOCEPIIA'LIA,    from    6tn\oos,    'double,' 
and  Kr.<j)aXtj,  '  head.'     A  monstrosity  characterized 
by  the  presence  of  two  heads  on  the  same  body. 
DIPLECOIA.  Double  hearing. 
DIP'IiOE,  from  SimKou),  'I  double.'     Diplo'sifi, 
Medllitl'liitm,  j'lfedium  Calva'ricB  Discri'men.   The 
cellular  structure,  which  separates  the  two  tables 
of  the  skull  from  each  other.     The  ancients  ap- 
plied the  term,  also,  to  the  proper  coat   of   the 
uterus  [?] — Rolfink,  in  Castelli. 

The  Diploe  has  the  same  use  as  the  cellular 
structure  of  bones  in  general.     See  Cancelli. 

DIPLOGEN'ESIS,  iiTrXooj,  'double,'  and  ycvt- 
ais,  'generation,'  (F.)  Biployenese.  An  organic 
deviation,  which  consists  of  the  duplication  of 
parts.  Monstrosity  by  duplication.  Dupllc"itas 
mowitrn'sn,  constituting  double  moiisleni. 

DIPLOLEPIS  GALL^  TINCTORIyE,  see 
Quercus  infectoria. 

DIPLO'MA.  Same  etymon  as  Diploe.  A  letter 
or  writing  conferring  some  privilege :  usually 
applied  to  the  document,  certifying  that  a  person 
has  obtained  the  title  of  Doctor.  It  was  so  called 
because  formerly  written  on  waxed  tables,  folded 
together.  Diploma  is  also  used  in  pharmacy  for 
a  vessel  with  double  walls, — as  a  water-bath. 

DIPLO'PIA,  from  iii'Xnos,  '  double,'  and  ojtto- 
liat,'l  see.'  VlsHu  Diiplicii'tus,  Ditto'pin,  Dit- 
top'sia,  Amphmnphoterodlop'sla,  Ampliod  i pin'  pi  a , 
Ambio'pin,  Double  Vision,  (F.)  lievite.  An  affec- 
tion of  the  sight,  in  which  two  distinct  sensations 
are  produced  by  the  same  object,  which  conse- 
quently seems  double.  Sometimes  more  than  two 
are  seen  ;  but  still  the  disease  is  termed  Diplo'pia 
and  Suffii'sio  Mult'iplicans.  This  affection  arises 
from  some  derangement  in  the  visual  axes,  in 
consequence  of  which,  the  images  are  not  im- 
pressed on  corresponding  parts  of  the  retina  of 
each  eye.  At  times,  the  diplopia  affects  one  eye, 
or  each  eye  when  used  alone,  owing  to  some 
irregularity  in  the  curvature,  density,  or  position 
of  the  dioptric  media.  It  is  thei\  called  Unioc'- 
ular  Diplnpia. 

The  diplopia  of  both  eyes  has  been  termed 
Amphodiplo'pia  and  Amphotemdiplo'pia. 
DIPLOSIS.  Diploe,  Duplication. 
DIPLOSO'MA,  from  SinXooi,  'double,'  and 
(T(ii/ia,  'body.'  The  Diplosomci  crenn'ta  is  an  im- 
perfectly described  entozoon,  which  has  been 
passed  from  the  urinary  bla,<lder.  It  varies  in 
length  from  four  to  six  or  eight  inches,  and  is 
thinnest  in  the  middle,  where  it  is  bent  at  an 
acute  angle  upon  itself,  so  that  the  two  halves 
hang  nearly  parallel,  and  give  to  it  an  appear- 
ance as  if  two  worms  had  been  tied  together  by 
their  heads.  It  has  been  confounded  with  the 
Spiroptera  hominis. 

DIPLOSOMA'TIA,  Diploso'min,  from  hn\ooi, 
'double,'  and  (ru/ia,  amnaroi,  'body.'  An  organic 
deviation,  characterized  by  the  presence  of  two 
complete  bodies,  united  by  one  or  more  of  their 
parts. 

DIPXOOS,  from  ^if,  and  77VOF;, 'breath.'     Hav- 
ing two  vent  holes ;  Bispi'rus.    An  epithet  ap- 
20 


plied  to  wounds  which  pass  through  a  part,  and 
admit  the  air  at  both  ends. — Galen. 

DIPROSO'PUS, /n"ofr)/m««etO;;orf'yni»«,from 
hi,  'double,'  and  n-pouajTrov,  'countenance.'  A 
monster  having  a  double  face. 

DiPKOso'pus  Di^f.DCE'us,  from  ^i,  'double,'  and 
Trpoaumov,  'countenance;'  and  U,  'double,'  ami 
aibota,  '  parts  of  generation.'  A  double  monster, 
in  whom  the  duplication  affects  superiorly  the 
face,  and  inferiorly  the  anterior  pelvic  region. — 
Barkow. 

DiPKoso'pns  DiHYPOGAs'TRirs,  from  5i,  'dou- 
ble,' and  upoataiTov,  'countenance,'  and  from  ht, 
'double,'  and  \noyaaTpiov,  'the  hypogastrinm.' 
A  double  monster  in  whom  the  duplication  afi'ect.i 
superiorly  the  face,  and  inferiorly  the  lower  i)ait 
of  the  body,  four  lower  extremities  being  always 
present — Tetras'celus. 
DIPSA,  Thirst. 
DIPSACOS,  Diabetes. 

DIP'SACUS  FULLO'NUM,  fferha  Car'dxi 
Vcn'eria,  Car'duna  Ven'eris,  (F.)  Cardire  cultice, 
Chnrdon  d  fonlon,  Chardon  d  honnelier,  has  had 
similar  properties  ascribed  to  it.  Both  have  been 
also  regarded  as  stomachic. 

Dip'sACus  Sylves'tris,  from  5n|a,  'thirst.' 
said  to  be  so  called,  owing  to  the  leaves  being  so 
placed  as  to  hold  water.  Cultivated  Teasel, 
(F. )  Carders.  Ord.  Dipsaceae.  The  roots  of 
this  European  plant  are  diuretic  and  sudorific. 
The  water,  which  collects  at  the  base  of  tho 
leaves,  has  been  recommended  as  an  eye-wator. 

DIPSET'ICOS,  from  ^«/-a,  'thirst.'  (F.)  Di])- 
aSt'ique.  A  remedy  believed  to  be  capalsle  of 
exciting  thirst.     See  Alterative. 

DIPSO'DES,  Sit'ieiis,  Siticulo'sus,  (Old  Eng.) 
Ajforst,  (Prov.)  Thrusty  ;  from  ii^ia,  'thirst,'  and 
ei^of,  'resemblance.'     Thirsty.     Causing  thirst. 

DIPSOMA'NIA,from  i5n^a,  'thirst,' and  mnnin. 
Really,  'thirst-mania.'  Often,  however,  applied  to 
habitual  drunkenness  and  to  delirium  tremens. 
An  insatiable  desire  for  intoxicating  liquors. 

DIPSOP'ATIIY,  J)ipsoj)atfii'a,  from  Srla, 
'thirst,'  and  irados,  'disease.'  A  mode  of  treat- 
ment, which  consists  in  abstaining  from  drinks. 

DIPSO'SIS.  Sam«  etymon.  Morbid  thirxt. 
The  desire  for  drinking,  excessive  or  impaired. 
A  genus  in  the  class  Caliaca,  order  Enterica,  of 
Good. 

Dip.so'sis  AvENS,  Polydypsia  —  d.  Expers, 
Adipsia. 

DIP'TERIX  ODORA'TA,  Goumnron'nn  ndo~ 
ra'tn.  The  fruit  of  this  large  tree  of  Guiana  is 
a  pod,  inclosing  a  single  seed.  The  bean.  Tonka 
bean,  has  a  strong,  agreeable,  aromatic  odour, 
and  is  used  to  flavour  snuff. 

DI'PYGUS,  from  5i, 'double,' and  Trwy;?, 'nates.' 
A  double  monster,  tlie  duplication  being  confined 
to  the  posterior  portion  of  the  lower  end  of  the 
trunk — the  coccygeal  region. 

DIPYRE'NON,  from  <5if,  'twice,'  and  wpriv, 
'a  kernel.'     A  specil'lum  or  probe  with  two  but- 
tons or  kernels — one  at  each  end. 
DIPYRITES,  Biscuit. 
DIPYROS,  Biscuit. 

DIRCA  PALUS'TRIS,  Leatherwnod,  Sinnmp 
Leatherwood,  Jfoosewood,  Sivampwood,  l{opi>- 
bark,  Bois  de  plomb,  (Canada.)  Ord.  Thyu-elea- 
ceie.  An  indigenous  shrub,  which  grows  in  hoa-gy 
woods  and  low  wet  places  throughout  the  United 
States.  It  is  analogous  to  mezereon  in  its  action 
— six  or  eight  grains  of  the  fresh  bark  producing 
violent  vomiting,  preceded  by  a  sense  of  heat  in 
the  stomach,  often  followed  by  purging.  Applied 
to  the  skin,  the  bark  vesicates. 

DIRECTOR,  Itinera'rium,  from  dirigere,  di- 
rectum, (dis,  and  rcyere,  'to  rule,')  'to  direct.'  A 
Conductor.  A  grooved  sound  for  guiding  a  knife, 
in  dividing  any  partj  (F.)  Sonde  canneUe. 


DIRIBITOmUM 


306 


DISINFECTION 


Director  Penis,  Tschio-eavernosa 

DtUir.rTORIUM.  Mediastinum. 

DIKLING,  TinglinE;. 

DIRT-EATING,  Chthonophagia. 

DIKUPTIO,  Rhexis. 

DIS,  Di. 

DISC,  see  Disk. 

DISCEPTUM,  Diaphr,agm. 

DISCHARGE',  ((//«,  and  charge,)  Ec'roe, 
F/iixiis,  Profiu'vium,  (F.)  Ecoulement.  In  patho- 
lofry,  an  increased  discharge  from  any  part,  tbat 
naturally  secretes  a  fluid. 

DISC'IIROA.  Dysehrcca. 

DISCREET',  from  discernere,  dincretum,  {din, 
and  ceniere,)  'to  separate.'  Discre'tus,  Ititertinc'- 
tm,  Sep'arated,  {¥.)  Discrct.  This  epithet  is 
given  to  certain  e.xanthemata,  in  which  the  spots 
or  pustules  are  separated  from  each  other.  It  is 
opposed  to  confluent. 

BISCllET,  Discreet. 

DISCRE'TA  PURGA'TIO.  The  purgation 
or  expulsion  of  some  particular  matter. 

DISCRETIVUS,  Diagnostic. 

DISCRETORIUM,  Diaphragm. 

DISCRI'MEN,  'Separation,  Division.'  Same 
etymon  as  Discreet.  A  bandage,  used  in  bleed- 
ing from  the  frontal  vein  ;  so  called,  because,  in 
passing  along  the  sagittal  suture,  it  divides  the 
head  into  two  equal  parts. 

Dis(;rimen  Cai.vari^  Medium,  Diploe  —  d. 
Narium,  Septum  N. 

'  Increased — Hypertrophy, 


DiscRiMEN  Nasi  ;  a  bandage,  in  the  form  of 
the  letter  X,  intended  to  support  the  nose,  in 
transverse  wounds  of  the  organ. 

DisoniMKN  Thoracis  et  Vknthis,  Diaphrngm. 

DISCUS  PROLIGERUS,  Proligerous  disc— d. 
Vitellinus,  Proligerous  disc. 

niSGUSSIFS,  Discutients. 

DISCUSSIO,  Resolution. 

DISCUSSIVA,  Discutients. 

DISCUSSORIA,  Discutients. 

DISCU'TIENTS,  V;«ci(tien't!a,  Jiesolven'tui, 
Di.icuniil'va,  JJlucusHo'ria,  from  dinciitcre,  'to  .<!hako 
apart,  (dis,  and  qmitere,  'to  shake.')  (F.)  Ditcim- 
sifs,  Ithohitifn.  Substances  which  possess  tlio 
power  of  repelling  or  resolving  tumours. 

DISEASE',  old  French  desaise ;  from  di»,  and 
eone :  Jllorbiis,  Nosos,  Nose'ma,  Nosen'ma,  jVimhs, 
Pathos,  Pathe'mn,  Lubh,  Malum,  Ptmsio,  yEyritu'. 
do,  yT'Jyrotu'tio,  Vit"iitm,  Arrhos'tia,  Arrhoelc'mii, 
Arrhoiten'i'a,  Vuletn'do  adver'sa,  Mnl'ady,  Cmn- 
plat'iil,  Sich-uess,  Distem'per,  Ailment,  Jlhiena,  (¥.) 
Midadie.  An  opposite  state  to  that  of  heultli, 
consisting  in  a  change  either  in  the  position  ami 
structure  of  parts,  or  in  the  exercise  of  one  or 
more  of  their  functions,  or  in  both. 

By  some,  Dixenseis  applied  to  structural  change, 
whilst  Disorder  is  restricted  to  functional  derange- 
ment. 

The  following  table,  essentially  that  of  Dr.  C. 
J.  B.  Williams,  comprises  the  chief  elements  of 
structural  disease : 


Diseased  ■ 
Nutrition. 


Diminished — Atrophy. 

Inflammation, 

Induration, 

Softening, 

Transformation  and  Degeneration. 

Cicatrices, 


'  Euplastic  , 


Deposits.. 


Perverted...  \ 


Altered 
Mechanism. 


r  Contraction, 
Dilatation, 

!  Obstruction, 
Compression, 
Displacement, 
Rupture,  &c. 


Cacoplastic. 


Growths... 


False  membranes, 
Cirrhosis. 
Fibro-cartilage, 
Gray  tubercle, 
Atheroma,  <fec. 
f  Yellow  tubercle, 

Aplastic \  Calcareous 

(     matter,  &c. 
(  Cysts, 
onmalignant ...  <  Tumours 

(  Hydatids,  Ac. 
•j  ( Carcinoma, 

[Malignant \  Encephalomfl, 


("N 


Disease  of  Addison,  see  Capsule,  renal  —  d. 
Blue,  Cyanojiathy — d.  of  Bright,  Kidney,  Bright's 
Disease  of  the — d.  English,  Rachitis — d.  Extrin- 
sic, External  disease — d.  Family,  see  Hereditary 
— d.  Foul,  Syphilis — d.  Fungoid,  Encephaloid — 
d.  Gastro-enteric,  Gastro-enteritis — d.  Hamato- 
ccrehriform,  Encephaloid — d.  Hereditary,  see  He- 
reditary— d.  Pretended.  Feigned  disease — d.  Si- 
mulated, Feigned  disease — d.  Surgical,  External 
disease. 

DLSE.ASED,  Sick. 

DISECOIA.  Barveeoia. 

DISFIGURATION,  Deform-ition. 

DtSGORGE'MENT,  (F.)  Degorgemevt,  from 
de,  and  gorge,  'the  throat.'  An  opposite  condi- 
tion to  that  of  Engorgement.  The  discharge  or 
abstraction  of  a  certain  quantity  of  fluid,  which 
had  previously  collected  in  a  part;  as  Disgorge- 
ment of  bile.     It  also  means  a  vomit. 

DISGUST',  from  de,  and  gustare,  'to  taste.' 
Cil'i  fimtid'inm,  Aposit'ia,  Asit'in,  Apodei'sis, 
Ahomina'tio,  Siccha'sia,  Horror  Ciho'rtim,  Loath- 
ing. An  aversion  for  food;  (F.)  Degont.  Dis- 
guHt  is  not  the  same  as  Anorexia.  The  latter  is 
only  a  want  of  appetite;  the  former  consists  in 
real  repugnance  for  food. 


(.Melanosis,  Ac. 

DISINFECTANT,  Disinfec'tans,  from  din,  and 
inficio,  infectum,  (in  and  facto,)  'I  infect,'  (F.) 
Deiinfeciant.  This  term  has  been  restricteJ  liy 
some  to  agents  that  are  capable  of  neutralizing 
morbific  efiluvia;  but  the  author  includes  under 
it;  also,  antiseptics  or  agents  that  are  capahle  "f 
removing  any  incipient  or  fully  formed  septic 
condition  of  the  living  body,  or  of  any  pmt, 
of  it. 

DISINFECTING  LIQUID,  SIR  WILLIAM 
BURNETT'S,  see  Burnett's  Disinfecting  Liquid 
— d.  Li({uid,  Labarraque's,  Liquor  sodae  chlori- 
natse — d.  Liquid  of  Ledoyen,  see  Ledoyen's  dis- 
infecting liquid. 

DISINFECTION,  Disinfec'tio.  Same  etymon. 
(F.)  Desinfection.  The  act  of  destroying  mias- 
mata, with  which  the  air,  clothing,  <tc.,  may  lie 
infected.  Various  means  have  been  proposed  fur 
this  purpose.  Those  most  commonly  emplny'l 
are:  chlorine,  sulphurous  and  chlorohi/dric  ocul 
gases,  vapours  of  vinegar,  nitrous  acid,  and  what 
is,  perhaps,  the  most  manageable  of  any,  ai"' 
equally  elEcacious,  chlorinated  lime,  or  any  of  the 
chlorides  of  the  alkalies.  It  is  questionable  '■ 
any  chemical  action  occur  between  these  agents 
and  the  miasmata,  whence  results  a  compound 


DISJUNCTI  MORBI 


807 


DISTILLATION 


which  is   harmless.     Disinfection   also   includes 
the  action  of  antiseptics. 

Chlorine  or  Ojcyiiiuriat'ic  Funiign'tion,  Solti'- 
tii)  ulexilc'rid  Giinhin'na,  Fu)iii(ja'tio  aiitilnr'in'- 
icn  Giiii'hil,  Alcxite'riinn  clilo'rivum,  Finniga'tio 
(I'liylouien'ela,  is  made  by  adding  rnmmou  salt 
?iij,  to  black  oxide  of  manrjnnene  ^j,  sulphuric 
urid  ^],  and  leater  i^'^j.  Tliis  may  be  carried 
tl)rouj;h  an  apartment,  or  be  shut  up  in  it. 

i\ilniHn  Fi(iii!;j(('tir/n,  Alexite' riuin  Ni'tricum, 
Fiim!(ja'tio  Siinjlhifi'ita,  may  be  formed  by  phicing 
iiilrate  of  potass  "^Xv,  and  sulphuric  acid  g'ji  in  a 
saucer  on  hot  sand. 

DISJUNCTI  MOREL  (From  dis,  and  jun- 
(lere,  jitiictiiiii,  'to  join.')  Dixjoined  diseases. 
Fernclius  has  thus  denominated  diseases  which 
occupy  different  organs,  and  are  not  produced  by 
each  other. 

DISK,  BLOOD,  Olobule  of  the  blood  — d.  In- 
tervertcbral,  Intervertebral  Cartilage — d.  Frolige- 
ruu.i,  .see  Proligerous  Disk. 

DISLOCATIO    LIENIS    SEU    SPLENIS, 
Spleuei^topia. 
DISLOCATION,  Luxation. 
DIS.MAL.  Melancholy. 

DISOD'ICUS,    from    in,    'twice,'    and    olo^, 
'threshold.'     Having  a  double  opening. 
DISOMATOUS,  see  Disomus. 
DISO'MUS,   (F.)  JJisome,  from  dis,  and  awiJia, 
'budy.'     A   monster   with    two    bodies.     Such  a 
monster  is  said  to  be  disont'atous. 
DISORDER,  see  Disease. 
DISORDERED,  Sick. 

DISORGANIZA'TION,  Organo'rnm  destrnc- 
tii),  (F.)  Desoryaiusatiott.  A  complete  morbid 
change  in  the  structure  of  an  organ,  or  even  total 
destruction  of  its  texture.  In  sphacelus  and 
sloughy  ulcers,  we  have  examples  of  this  change. 
DISI'ENSAIRE,  Dispensary,  Dispensatory. 
DISl'EN'SARY,  Dispensa'rinm,  from  dlspen- 
dtre,  (dis,  and  penderc,  pensum,  'to  weigh,')  'to 
take  from  a  weight  or  mass,'  'to  distribute.'  The 
.shop  or  place  in  which  medicines  are  prepared. 
Also,  an  institution  in  which  the  poor  are  fur- 
nished with  advice  and  necessary  medicines.  (F.) 
Jlispeusaire.  This  word  is  also  used  by  the  French 
synonymously  with  Dispensatory. 

DISPENSA'TION,  Dispens'a'tio,  Dicpce'sis, 
Epinenie'sis.  Same  etymon.  The  composition 
and  distribution  of  medicines  according  to  pre- 
scription. In  France,  it  is  more  commonly  ap- 
plied to  the  weighing,  measuring,  and  arranging 
of  the  articles  which  have  to  enter  into  a  formula, 
priiir  to  combining  theiu. 

DISPENSATOR.  Apothecary. 
DISPEN'SATORY,  Dispeiisato'rium ;  same 
etymon.  Antidota' rium,  Liber  Pharmacevt'icns, 
(F.)  Vispensaire.  A  book  which  treats  of  the 
Cduiposition  of  medicines.  A  Dispensatory  dif- 
fers from  a  Pharmacopoeia,  in  containing  the  phy- 
sical and  medicalhistory  of  the  various  substances; 
whilst  the  Pharmacopoeia  is  mainly  restricted  to 
the  mode  of  preparing  them.  The  Pharmacopoeia 
too,  is  published  under  the  authority  of,  and  by 
the  meinhers  of  a  college  or  association  ;  whilst  a 
Dispensatory  contains  the  whole  of  the  Pharma- 
eopwia  or  Pharmacopa-ias,  with  additions  bj'  the 
author,  under  whose  authority  alone  it  usually 
nnpenrs.  The  Pharmacopoeia,  in  other  words,  is 
I'lfiriiinl ;  the  Dispensatory,  generally,  pricate. 
Formerly,  the  words  were  used  indiscriminately. 
See  Fonnnlarv,  and  Pharmacopoeia. 
DISPLACED,  see  Percolation. 
DISPLACEMENT,  Percolation. 
DISPOSIT"ION,  Dispiisit"io,  from  rfi'o,  and  po- 
nrre,positum,  'to  putorset.'  A  particularcondition 
of  the  body,  which  renders  it  susceptible  of  alter- 
ing, sudilenly,  to  a  stale  of  health  or  disease ; — 
of  improving,  uv  becoming  changed  for  the  worse. 


The  disposition  to  phthisis  pulraonalis  is  some- 
times so  strong,  owing  to  original  conformation, 
that  the  disease  will  make  its  appearance,  not- 
withstanding every  care.     See  Diathesis. 
DISPUTATIO,  Thesis. 
DISQUE  PROLIGERE,  Proligerous  Disk. 
BISQUES  INTERVERTEBRAUX,  Inter- 
vertebral  cartilages  —  d,  Sanrjuins,  Globules  of 
the  blood. 

DISRUP'TIO,  from  disrumpere,  {dis,  and  rnm- 
pere,)  'to  break  off.'  A  puncture,  which  interests 
deep-seated  parts. 

DISSECTING  ANEURISM,  see  Aneuri.sm. 
DISSECTIO,  Dissection  — d.   Tendinum,   Te- 
notomy. 

DISSECTION,  Dissec'tio,  from  dissecare,  {dis, 
and  secare,  sectuni,  '  to  cut,')  '  to  cut  open  ;'  Diac'- 
ope,  Sec'tio  Auatom'ica,  Practical  Anatomy,  Ne- 
crot'omy.  An  operation,  by  which  the  different 
parts  of  the  dead  body  are  exposed,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  studying  their  arrangement  and  structure. 
Dissection  has  received  various  names,  accor<ling 
to  the  organ  concerned  ;  —  as  Osteatomy,  Syjides- 
motiimy,  Ifyotomy,  Amjiotomy,  Neurotomy,  Des- 
motomif,  Ac. 

DISSECTOR,  Prosec'tor,  Pro'tomus,  same 
etymon,  (Y.)  I'roseeteur.  A  practical  anatomist. 
One  who  prepares  the  parts  for  the  anatomical 
lecture. 

DISSEPIMENTUM  NARIUM,  Septum  na- 
riutn — d.  Thoracis,  Mediastinum. 

DISSEPTUM,  Diaphragm. 

DISSERTATION.  INAUGURAL,  Thesis. 

DISSIDENTIA,  Diastasis. 

DISSIPIUM,  Diaphragm. 

DISSOLUTIO  SANGUINIS,  IIa;matcclysis 
— d.  Ventriculi,  Gastromalacia. 

DISSOLU'TION,  DisHoln'tio,  Dial'ysis,  from 
dissolvere,  {dis,  and  solvere,  sohitiim,)  'to  loosen,' 
'to  melt.'  This  word  is  in  frequent  use,  in  the 
writings  of  the  humorists.  It  is  employed,  par- 
ticularly, in  speaking  of  the  blood, — to  designate, 
not  its  entire  decomposition  or  putrefciction,  but 
a  diminution  in  its  consistence. 

DISSOLUTION,  Solution. 

DISSOL  VANTS,  Dissolventia. 

DISSOLVEN'TIA,  Solvents,  (F.)  Dissolmnfs. 
Same  etymon.  Medicines  believed  to  be  capable 
of  dissolving  swellings,  concretions,  <tc.  Discu- 
tients.  Resolvents. 

DISTAD;  from  disto,  {di,  and  sto,)  'to  stand 
apart.'  Away  from  a  centre.  Towards  the  far 
extremity.  In  anatomy,  used  by  Dr.  Barclay 
adverbially,  to  signify  'towards  the  distal  aspect.' 

DISTAL  ASPECT.  An  aspect  of  a  bone  from 
the  trunk,  or  towards  the  extremity. — Barclay. 

DISTE.MPER,  Disease. 

DISTEMPERANTIA,  Dvscras 

DISTEMPERED,  Sick. 

DISTENSIO,  Diatasis,  Tension,  Tetanus  —  d. 
Nervorum,  Convulsion. 

DISTENTION  BE  LA  VESICULE  DU 
FIEL,  Turgescentia  vesicw  fellea. 

DISTICHI'ASIS,  Distich'ia,  Distrieh'ia,  Dis- 
trichi'asis,  Distce'chia,  Distoechi'asis,  from  iii, 
'double,'  and  oTi;^o{,  'a  row.'  An  increased  num- 
ber of  eyelashes ;  some  turned  towards  the  eye, 
and  irritating  the  organ;  whilst  others  preserve 
their  natural  direction. — Galen,  Paulus  of  yEgina. 
See  Entropion. 

DISTILLA'TI0N,Z'e«^i7?n'^(o„S'/n?a7'mo«,from 
destillare,  (de,  and  stillare.)  'to  drop,  little  by  lit- 
tle.' Cntastnlag'mos.  An  operation,  by  which — by 
the  aid  of  heat  and  in  close  vessels— the  volatile 
are  separated  from  the  fixed  parts  of  bodies,  with 
the  view  of  collecting  the  former,  when  con- 
densed in  appropriate  receivers.  The  ancients 
distingiiished  distillation  per  latus,  per  nsren'sum, 
and  })cr  descen'sum,  according   to  the   direction 


DISTOCIA 


308 


DIYLISMUS 


■which  the  volatilized  matters  were  made  to  take.  | 
In  diKtilkilion  per  latiis,  the  apparatus  is  so 
arranged,  that  the  vapour  passes  horizontally 
through  a  succession  of  spaces  before  reaching 
the  receiver.  Dixtillatinn  per  ascensum  is  the 
ordinary  method  by  the  still.  In  distillation  per 
descensnni,  the  fire  is  applied  above  and  around 
the  top  of  the  apparatus;  and  it  is  so  arranged 
that  the  vapour  must  pass  downwards.  When 
dry  organic  matter  is  placed  in  an  apparatus  for 
distillation,  and  heat  is  applied  until  all  volatile 
matter  is  driven  out,  the  process  is  called  dry  or 
destructive  distillation. 

Distillation,  Destructive,  see  Distillation — 
d.  Dry,  see  Distillation  —  d.  Per  Ascensum,  see 
Distillation — d.  Per  Descensum,  see  Distillation — 
d.  Per  Latus,  see  Distillation. 

DISTOCIA,  Ditoc'ia,  from  5i5,  '  twice,'  and 
TOKOi,  '  birth.'  Delivery  of  twins. 
DISTffiCniA,  Distichiasis. 
DISTGiCHIASIS,  Distichiasis. 
DIS'TOMA  HEPAT'ICUM,  Dis'tomnm  hepat'- 
iciim,  from  &ii,  and  aroiia,  'mouth.'  Fasci'ola 
heput'ica  seu  Innmi'na  seu  hiiiceola'ta,  Plann'ria 
latiiis'cida,  Goin-d-wonii,  Fluke,  Liver  Fluke, 
{¥.)  Douve,  I),  da  Foie.  An  obovate,  flat  worm, 
an  inch  in  length,  and  nearly  an  inch  broad ; 
sometimes  found  in  the  gall-bladder  of  man, 
whence  it  occasionally  passes  into  the  intestinal 
canal.  It  is  one  of  the  most  common  varieties 
of  worms,  infesting  the  livers  of  the  sheep,  goat, 
ox,  stag,  fallow-deer,  horse,  ass,  hog,  hare,  &c. 
The  treatment  is  like  that  required  for  other 
worms.  DisTOMA  seu  Distomdm  lanceola'tum, 
a  different  species,  has  been  found  in  the  biliary 
ducts  of  man, — and  of  different  phytivorous  mam- 
malia.— Mehliss. 

DisTOMA  Oc'oli  Huma'ni,  Dis'tomnm  oc'uli 
huma'ni.  A  parasite  once  observed  in  the  eye  of 
a  child  who  had  suffered  from  lenticular  cataract. 
— Gescheiilt. 

DISTOMUM  HAEMATOBIUM,  see  Worms  — 
d.  Hepaticum,  Distoraa  hepaticum. 

DISTOPiSIO,  Distortion,  Sprain,  Strabismus 
— d.  Oris,  Canine  laugh. 

DISTOR'TION,  Listor'sio,  Intor'sio,  from  dis- 
torqiicre,  {'lis,  and  torqiiere,  tortiim,)  'to  wrest 
aside.'  Diastrem'nta,  Dins' troplie,  Liyys'ma,  (F.) 
Dtstorsion.  Usually  applied  to  the  preternatural 
curvature  of  a  bone ;  as  distortion  of  the  spine, 
limbs,  &c.  It  signifies,  also,  a  morbid  state  of 
the  muscles  of  the  eye,  constituting  squinting  or 
strabismus. 

DISTORTOR  ORIS,  Zygomaticus  major. 
DISTRIBUTORIA  LACTEA  THORACICA, 
Thoracic  duct. 

DISTRICHIA,  Distichiasis. 
DISTRICHIASIS,  Distichiasis. 
DISTRIX,  from   S,s,  'double,'  and  dpi?,  'the 
hair.'      Trichio'sia  distrix,  Fissii'ra  capillo'rum. 
Hairs  of  the  scalp,  weak,  slender,  and  splitting  at 
their  extremities. 
DITOCIA.  Distocia. 

DITRACHYC'ERAS,  from  ^k,  ' two,' rpa^^us, 
'rough,'  and  Ktpa^,  'horn.'  A  genus  of  intestinal 
worms.  ^The  Ditrachyc'eras  rudis,  Die' eras  rudis, 
(F.)  Bicorne  rnde.  This  fancied  entozoon  was 
first  observed  in  the  evacuations  of  a  female,  by 
M.  Sultzer,  of  Strasburg.  It  is  of  a  fawn  colour, 
from  .3  to  5  lines  in  length,  with  an  oval  head, 
flattened  and  terminating  in  a  point  posteriorly  ; 
contained  in  a  membranous  sac,  and  furnished 
anteriorly,  with  a  bifurcated,  rugous  horn.  Laen- 
nec  considers  it  a  vesicular  worm  or  hydatid.  Ac- 
cording to  Von  Siebold,  there  is  no  such  ento- 
zoon. The  undigested  seed  of  the  mulberry, 
which  had  been  eaten,  was  mistaken  for  it. 
DITTANDER,  Lepidium  sativum. 
DITTANY,   Cunila  Mariana  —  d.   American, 


Cunila  Mariana — d.  Bastard,  Dictamnns  albus— 
d.  of  Crete,  Origanum  dictamnus — d.  Mountain, 
Cunila  Mariana. 

DITTECOIA,  Double  hearing. 
DITTOPIA,  Diplopia. 
DITTOPSIA,  Diplopia. 

D  I  U  R  E  S  liE  S  T  II  E'SIS,  Diureticom»tlte',it, 
Uresicesthe'sis ;  from  iiovpetv,  'to  pass  the  urine,' 
and  ataOnaii,  'feeling.'  The  desire  or  want  to 
pass  the  urine. 

DIURE'SIS,  Diurism,  from  &ia,  'through  or 
by,'  and  ov^coi,  'I  pass  the  urine.'  (F.)  Diiiriee. 
An  abundant  excretion  of  urine. 

DIURET'IC,     Diuret'icns,     Ischiiret'ic,    snme 
etymon ;     Urct'icits,    Uriyia'lis.     (F.)  Diuritiqiie. 
A  medicine  which  has  the  property  of  increasing 
the  secretion  of  urine.     Diuretics  act  by  produc- 
ing a  discharge  of  the  watery  and  other  parts 
of  the  blood  ;  and,  by  such  discharge,  indirectly 
promote  absorption  over  the  whole  system,  lluncc, 
they  are  employed  in  dropsy.     The  following  are 
the  chief  Diuretics:  —  Cantharis;  Cantharis  Vit- 
tata;  Potassse  Acetas;  Potassae  Liquor;  Cahinca; 
Colchici  Radix:  Colchici  Semen;  DigitalLs;  Dios- 
ma  Crenata;    Juniperus ;    Oleum  Tercbinthinse; 
PotassiB  Nitras;  Potnssae  Bitartras;  Scilla;  SodiB 
Sales,  and  Spiritus  iEtheris  Nitrici. 
DIURETICA,  Arnica  Montana. 
DIURETICO-^STHESIS,  Diuresiaesthesis. 
DIURISM,  Diuresis. 
DIVARICATIO,  Ectropion. 
DIVERSORIUM  CHYLI.Reeeptaculura  chyli. 
DIVERTICULA    SPIRITUUM  ANBIA- 
LIUM,  Ganglions,  nervous. 

DIVERTICULUM,  Devertic'nhm.  (F.)  Di- 
verticule.  'A  turning ;' from  divertere,  {di,  and 
vertere,)  '  to  turn  aside.'  A  blind  tube  branch- 
ing out  of  the  course  of  a  longer  one.  An  organ 
which  is  capable  of  receiving  an  unusual  quan- 
tity of  blood,  when  the  circulation  is  obstructed 
or  modified  elsewhere,  is  said  to  act  as  a  diverti- 
culum. Also,  a  malformation  or  diseased  appear- 
ance of  a  part,  in  which  it  passes  out  of  its  regu- 
lar course.  It  is  sometimes  applied  to  such  a 
condition  of  the  alimentary  canal.  Also,  a  hole 
to  get  out  at.     A  by-passage.     See  Ectrnpe. 

DiVEiiTic'iiLUM  Nuc'kii.  The  Opening  through 
which  the  round  ligaments  of  the  uterus  pass. — 
Parr. 

DivERTictTLUM  Phartngis,  Pharyngoccle. 
DIVI'DING,  Div'idens,  from  dividere,  di>:lmm, 
[di  or  dis,  and  the  Iletruscan  verb  idito,  'to  part 
or  portion.')     (F.)  Divisif.     That  which  divides 
or  separates. 

Dividing  Bandage,  Fas'cia  dio'i'lem,  fF.) 
Bandage  divisif,  is  a  bandage  employed  for  the 
purpose  of  keeping  parts  separated  from  each 
other.  It  is  used  particularly  to  prevent  improper 
union;  as  in  cases  of  burns  of  the  neck  or  other 
parts. 

DIVINATIO,  Mantia. 
DIVTSIF,  Dividing. 

DIVISION,  Divis'io,  Dics'resis.  Same  etymon. 
The  accidental  separation  of  parts  naturally 
united;  in  other  words,  a  wound  or  solution  of 
continuity.  Most  frequently,  however,  it  means 
an  operation,  which  consists  in  cutting  certam 
parts,  with  the  view  of  fulfilling  some  therapeu- 
tical indication. 

DIVUL'SIO,  Dias'pasis,  from  direllere,  {di>, 
and  vellere,  vulsnm,)  '  to  pull  asunder.'  A  term 
used  in  Surgery,  to  express  the  rupture  or  lacera- 
tion of  organs  by  external  violence. 

DivuLSio  Ukinj3,  Cloudiness  of  urine.  — See 
Enaeorema. 

DIXON'S  ANTIBILIOUS  PILLS,  Pilul» 
antibiliosse. 

DIYLISIS.  Colatio. 
DIYLISMUS,  Colatio. 


DIZZINESS 


309 


DOIGT 


DIZZINESS,  Vertigo. 

DIZZY,  Vertif^inous. 

DOCCIONE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  This 
spring  is  at  Lucca,  in  Italy.     It  is  tliermal  saline. 

DOCH'ME,  &<>xfv-  A  measure  of  the  Greeks, 
cnuiil  to  about  four  fingers'  breadth  :  Dactylo- 
ddvh'  lue. 

DOCIMA'SIA,  Docimat'Hce,  Docimaaiolog"ia, 
from  iu<(i//a(w,  '  I  try  or  prove  the  quality  of  any 
thing.'     Tlie  act  of  assaying. 

DoCUfA'SIA     MBDICA.MKNTO'RUJf     ET    VeNENO'- 

RUM.     Tlie  testing  of  medicines  and  poisons. 

Docima'sia  Pulmo'num,  D.  Pitlmona'lis,  Pne- 
obldiiiiiiiti'n,    Piienobioinauti'a,   P ucobioman' tica. 
Lung  proof,  Respiration  proof.    'Different  proofs 
to  which  the  organs  of  respiration  of  a  new-born 
child  are  subjected,  for  the  purpose  of  detecting 
whether  it  has  or  has  not  respired  after  birth  ;  in 
other  words,  whether  it  was  born  alive  or  dead ; 
—  Pneuniobiogno'ais,    Pneusiobios'cope.        These 
consist,  chiefly,  1.  In   testing  them  with  water, 
for  the  purpose  of  seeing  whether  the  lungs  are 
fpccifically   heavier   or  lighter  than    that   fluid. 
This  is  called  Docima'sia  Pidino'num  hydrostut'ica 
or  the  Hydrostatic  Test.     If  lighter,  it  would  be 
some  evidence  that  the  foetus   had  respired  :  2. 
In  comparing  the  weight  of  the  lungs  with  that 
of  the  whole  body;  the  weight  of  lungs  in  which 
respiration  has  taken  place  being  nearly  twice  as 
great.      This  is  Docima'sia  Pidmo'num  Stat'ica, 
or  Ploucquet's   Test;   .and,  3.  By  measuring  the 
circumference  of  the  thorax  and  lungs ;  and  com- 
paring their  dimensions  with  those  of  an  infant 
which   has   not  respired.     That  is  Daniel's  Test. 
These   tests,  singly,    afford    only   probable    evi- 
dence; but  when  united,  the  deductions  may  be 
more  conclusive. 

DOCIMASIOLOGIA,  Docimasia. 
DOCK,  Rumex — d.  Bitter,  Bumex  obtusifolius 
—  d.    Bloody,   Rumex  sanguineus  —  d.  Blood}'- 
vcincd,    Rumex    sanguineus  —  d.    Blunt-leaved, 
Kuuiex  obtusifolius. 
Dock  Cresses,  Lapsana. 

Dock,  Curled,  Rumex  crispus — d.  Sour,Rumex 
acetosus,  R.  crispus — d.  Sour,  boreal,  Oxyria  reni- 
fi)riiiis  —  d.  Spatter,  Nuphar  advena  —  d.  Water, 
Rumex  hydrolapathum — d.  Wild,  sharp-pointed, 
Rumex  acutus — d.  Yellow,  Rumex  crispus. 
DOCK  EN,  Rumex. 

DOCNA  SURA,  MINERAL  AVATERS  OF. 
This  spring  is  in  the  Krapach  mountains.  The 
water  contains  sulphate  of  soda,  carbonate  of 
soda,  chloride  of  sodium,  carbonate  of  lime,  silica, 
and  iron. 

DOCTEUR,  Doctor,  Physician. 
DOCTOR,  Jled'ieiis,  from  doctus,  'learned;' 
'  uii  liomme  qui  devrait  etre  docte.'  A  Physician. 
(Sc.)  Medcinare,  Medicinar.  (P.)  Docteur,  3/e- 
decin.  Frequently  applied  to  any  one  who  prac- 
tises medicine  ;  although  properly  confined  to  him 
who  has  received  his  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medi- 
cine.    See  Physician. 

To  Doctor  is  sometimes  used,  vulgarly,  for  to 
''  treat  with  drugs." 
DOCTORS'  STUFF,  see  Medicament. 
DOCTRINA  GALLIANA,  Craniology— d.  So- 
teria,  Medicina. 

DOCTRINE  HOM(EO-ORGANIQUE,  Ho- 
DJceopathv. 

DOCTRINE,  MED'ICAL,  Doctri'na  Med'ica. 
The  principles  or  positions  of  any  medical  sect 
or  master.  Medicine  has  been  too  full  of  doc- 
trines. One  of  the  first  was  that  of  Ilerodicus 
of  Selivra'a,  who  recommended  gymnastic  exer- 
cises in  disease.  The  chief  founders  of  doctrines 
have  been  Hippocrates,  Serapion  of  Alexandria, 
Philinus  of  Cos,  Ilerophilus,  Asclepiades,  The- 
niison  of  Laodicea,  Thessalus  of  Tralles,  Soranus 
ot  Ephesus,  Leouidus  of  Alexandria,  Athenaeus 


of  Attalia,  Archigenes  of  Apamaca,  Agathinus  of 
Sparta,  Galcnus,  Paracelsus,  John  Baptist  van 
Helmont,  Sylvius  de  le  Boe,  Keill,  Ilamberger, 
Pitcairne,  H.  Boerhaave,  J.  D.  Stahl,  Frederick 
Hoffmann,  George  Baglivi,  Cullen,  Darwin,  John 
Brown,  Beddoes,  Girtauner,  Reil,  Rush,  Rasori, 
and  Broussais. 

DocTRiNK,    Physiological,  Broussaism. 
DODDER,  Cuscuta  glomerata  —  d.  American, 
Cuscuta  glomerata — d.  of  Thyme,  Cuscuta  epi- 
thymum. 

DODECADACTYLITIS,  Duodenitis. 
DODECADACTYLON,  Duodenum. 
DODECAPIIAR'MACUM,    from   ^i^kxa, 
'twelve,'  and  (papiiaxov,  'a  medicine.'     An  ancient 
name  given  to  all  medicines  which  consisted  of 
twelve  ingredients.  See  Apostolorum  Unguentum. 
DODECATH'EON,  from  iwSsKa,  'twelve,'  and 
riSij/ui,  'I  put.'     An  antidote,  consisting  of  twelve 
simple  substances. — Paulus  of  jEgina. 

DoDECATHEON,  Sanicula — d.  Plinii,  Pinguicola 
vulgaris. 

DODON^A,  Myrica  gale. 
DoDONyE'A   Thunbergia'na.     a  shrub  of  the 
Nat.  Ord.  Sapindacete,  which  grows  at  the  Cape 
of  Good  Hope.     A  decoction  of  the  root  is  used 
as  a  gentle  cathartic  in  fever. 
DODRANS,  Spithama. 
DOGCHOAK,  Cynanche. 

DOGDAYS,  (F.)  Jours  Canicnlaires.  During 
these  days,  comprised  between  the  24th  of  July 
and  the  23d  of  August,  the  temperature  of  the 
air  in  Europe  is  generally  high  and  oppressive. 
They  have  received  this  name  from  the  dogstar, 
Canic'ida,  "Zuftwi,  Si'rius  —  a  very  brilliant  star 
in  the  constellation  of  the  great  dog,  which  rises 
and  sets,  at  this  time,  with  the  sun.  It  was  for- 
merly believed  to  be  a  period  particularly  unpro- 
pitious  to  health  ;  that  it  was  dangerous  to  purge 
during  it;  and  other  phantasies  were  indulged  in 
regard  to  it. 

DOGGRASS,  Triticum  repens. 
DOGHIP,  see  Rosa  canina. 
DOGMAT'IC,  from  the  Greek  ioyixa,  Soy/iaTos, 
from  SoKctii,  'I  think.'  Dogmat'icus,  (F.)  Dogtna- 
tique.  The  name  of  an  ancient  medical  sect;  so 
called,  because  its  members  endeavoured,  by  rea- 
soning, to  discover  the  essence  of  diseases  and 
their  occult  causes  ;  whilst  the  Empirics,  their 
rivals,  confined  themselves  strictly  to  experience; 
i.  e.,  to  the  observation  of  facts.  The  union  of 
the  two  modes  of  investigation  makes  the  rational 
physician.  These  sectarians  are  likewise  called 
Dog'matists,  and  their  doctrine  Dog'matism.  The 
founders  of  the  sect  were  Hippocrates,  Thessalus, 
Draco,  and  Polybius  ;  and  the  most  celebrated 
of  its  supporters  were  Diodes  of  Carysta,  Praxa- 
goras  of  Cos,  Chrysippus  of  Soli,  Herophilus, 
Erasistratus,  <fec. 

DOGS'  BANE,  Apocynum  androsajmifolium — 
d.  Bane,  bitter,  Apocynum  androsaemifolium. 
DOGS'  GRASS,  Triticum  repens. 
DOGS'  STONES,  Orchis  mascula. 
DOGSTAR,  Canicula. 
DOGTREE,  Cornus  Florida. 
DOGWOOD,  Cornus  Florida  — d.  Blueberried, 
Cornus  sericea  —  d.  Female,  Cornus  sericea  —  d. 
Florid,  Cornus  Florida — d.  Great  flowered,  Cornus 
Florida — d.  Jamaica,  Piscidia  erythrina — d.  New 
England,   Cornus   sericea  —  d.  Panicled,  Cornus 
paniculata  —  d.  Pond,  Cephalanthus  occidentalis 
— d.  Silky-leaved,  Cornus  sericea — d.  Virginian, 
male,  Cornus  Florida — d.  Round-leaved,  Cornus 
circinnta — d.  Striped,  Acer  Pennsylvanicum — d. 
Swamp,    Cornus    sericea,    Ptelea    trifoliata  —  d. 
White,  Cornus  paniculata. 

DOIGT,  Digitus  —  d.  Auriculaire,  Auricular 
finger  —  d.  Milieu,  see  Digitus  —  d.  Petit,  see  Di- 
gitus— d.  Surnumeraire,  Digitus  supernumerarius. 


DOIOTIER 


810 


DORSUM 


nOTGTTER.  Digital e,  Digitiilis  — cZ.  d'Aadru- 
hali,  see  Digitale.       ^ 

DOfGTS  PALMES,  Dactylion. 
DOITTKIE,  see  Dementia. 
DOKE.  Contusion. 
DOLABRA.  Ascia,  Doloire. 
DO  LI  a.  Dolichos. 

DOLICIIOCEPH'AL^  (GENTES):  from  5o- 
Xi;j;uf,  '  long,'  and  ic£0aAiy,  '  head.'  '  Longheads.' 
Nations  of  men  whose  cerebral  lobes  completely 
cover  the  cerebellum — as  the  Kelts,  Germans. 
negroes,  Ac.     Retzius. 

DOHCIIOCEPHA'LIA  ;  same  etymon.  Mon- 
strosity, in  which  the  head  is  abnorraously  long. 
DOL'ICIIOS,  from  ho'Stxoi,  'long.'  A  genus 
of  plants  of  the  leguminous  family,  (F.)  DoUc, 
Doh'i/ne.  It  includes  a  number  of  species,  gene- 
rally indigenous  in  India  or  America.  The  Dul'- 
ichos  Ldblah,  or  Lohlab,  is  found  in  Egypt. 
(Prospero  Alpini.)  Its  fruit  is  eaten  there,  like 
the  haricot  with  us.  The  Dol'i'chos  Sinen'sis,  is 
eaten  in  China,  and  is  stored  up  as  a  provision 
for  long  voyages.  The  Dul'ichoa  Tiibero'sii8,  (F.) 
J'ois  Patnte  of  JIartinique,  has  tuberous  roots  of 
the  size  of  both  fists,  and  has  the  consistence  and 
taste  of  the  turnip.  The  Dol'idios  Bnlho'sns  of 
the  West  Indies  resembles  the  turnip  ; — and  from 
the  seeds  of  the  Dal'iehos  Soja,  the  Japanese  pre- 
pare the  well-known  sauce  Soi/,  which  they  term 
Soojn.     The  most  important  in  medicine  is  the 

Dol'ichos  Pru'rikns,  Dol'ichi)8,  Stizolo'hinm, 
Jlitcii'nn  jirii'rieiis,  Negre'tia  pni'rietm,  Coicli<i(j.e, 
Coicilch,  Adsfirla  Pnla.  Order,  Leguminosae. 
(F.)  Poia  a  gratter.  The  stiff  hairs  of  the  Do/i- 
chos  Podn,  called  DoUchon  Pubes,  D.  Prurien'tin 
pubeg,  Dolivhi  SetcB  Le(jn'mi)iiim,  Liinii'</o  Sil'i- 
qtice  himu'tm,  Mucii'na  (Ph.  U.  S.),  are  the  parts 
used  in  medicine.  They  excite  an  intolerable, 
prurient  sensation,  when  applied  to  the  skin  ;  but 
do  not  irritate  the  mucous  membrane  over  which 
they  pass,  when  administered  internally.  The 
Dolichos  is  a  mechanical  anthelminticT  and  is 
useful  in  cases  of  ascarides  lumbrieoides,  and 
oxyures  vermiculares.  Dose,  gr.  v  to  x,  of  the 
pubes,  in  molasses. 

Mucii'nn  priiri'ta,  a  distinct  species,  but  pos- 
sessing similar  properties,  grows  in  the  East 
Indies. 

DOLIQUE,  Dolichos. 

DOLOIRE  (F.),  An'eia,  Dola'bra,  'a  carpen- 
ter's axe.'  A  Bandiige  en  doloi're  is  one  in  which 
the  turns  are  so  placed,  that  each  one  covers  two- 
thirds  of  that  which  is  immediately  beneath  it. 
It  has  received  the  name  Duloire  from  its  repre- 
senting the  obliquity  of  the  edge  of  the  instrument 
whose  name  it  bears.     See  Bandage. 

DOLOR,  Pain— d.  Ani,  Proctalgia— d.  Capitis, 
Cephalalgia — d.  Cephalicus,  Cephalalgia — d.  Co- 
licus.  Colic — d.  Crucians  faciei.  Neuralgia,  facial 
— d.  Dentium,  Odontalgia — d.  Dentium  a  stridore, 
Hasmodia— -d.  Faciei,  Neuralgia,  facial — d.  Ischi- 
adicus  nervosus.  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitaia  —  d. 
Lenis,  llypodynia — d.  Mitis,  Hypodynia — d.  Ne- 
phreticus.  Nephralgia — d.  Pectoris  externus,  Pleu- 
rodynia— d.  Pudendorum,  Pudendagra — d.  Rheu- 
matieus  et  arthriticus,  Rheumatism. 

DOLORES  AD   PARTUM,  Pains,  labour— d. 
Intestinorum,  Colic  —  d.  Parturientis,  Pains,  la- 
bour— d.  Post  partum.  Pains,  after — d.  Puerpera- 
rum.  Pains,  after  —  d.  Rodentes,  Pains,  gnawing. 
DOLP.  Nates. 

DOMBEY'A  EXCEL'SA,  Arauca'ria  Dom- 
ley'i.  A  tree  of  Chili,  which  furnishes  Dombeya 
turpentine  ;  a  glutinous,  milky-looking  fluid  of  a 
strong  oilour  and  taste. 

D  0  M  E  S '  T I C,  Domen'ticus,  from  domus,  ' a 
house.'  The  terra  BomcDtic  or  Pop'nhir  Med'i- 
chie,  has  been  given  to  treatise.t;  written  for  the 
purpose  of  enabling  those  who  are  not  of  the  pro- 


fession to  treat  diseases,  which  may  occur  in  their 
families,  without  the  necessity  of  calling  in  a 
physician.  The  term,  likewise,  signifies— Medi- 
cine, when  thus  practised.  It  is  probable,  tluit 
such  works  have  been  attended  with  mischievous 
as  well  as  advjmtageous  results. 

DOMINA'RUM  AQUA.  A  medicine  described 
by  Myrepsus,  which  he  considered  emmenagogue. 

DOMI'TE-VENIN,  Asclepias  vincetoxicum. 

DOMUS   LEPROSARIA,  Ludrerie. 

DONDO,  Albino. 

DOXESIS,  Agitation. 

DOORWEED,  Polygonum. 

DORADILLA,  Asplenium  cetcrach. 

DORCADIZON,  Caprizans. 

DOREA,  Heincralops. 

DOREMA  AMMONIACUM,  see  Ammoniac, 
Gum. 

DORMITATIO,  Somnolency. 

DORMITIO,  Sleep  —  d.  Lucumoriana,  see  Lu- 
cumorianus. 

DOR  ONTO,  Doronicum  pardalianches  —  d. 
d'Allemac/ne,  Arnica  montana. 

DORONICUM  ARNICA,  Arnica  montana— d. 
Cordatum,  D.  Pardalianches  —  d.  Gerniiiniciiin, 
Arnica  montana — d.  Officinale,  D.  Pardalianches 
— d.  Oppositifolium,  Arnica  montana. 

Douon'icum  Pakdalian'chks,  D.  Romn'num 
seu  Corda'tuni  seu  Officina'le,  Romnn  Lenp'nrd'a 
Btine,  (F.)  Dtiroiiic,  Doroniqite,  3fort  aiur  Paii- 
tlieres.  Tlie  root  of  this  plant  resembles  Arnica 
Montana  in  its  properties. 

DoKONicuM  Plantagims  Folio.  Arnica  mon- 
tana— d.  Romanum,  D.  Pardalianches. 

DORSAD,  see  Dorsal  Aspect. 

DORSAL,  Dorsn'lis,  from  dornum,  'the  hack.' 
NoticB'ns,  Notal,  Tergid.  Relating  to  the  back 
of  the  body,  or  of  one  of  its  parts  ;  as  the  Domed 
vertebrcp.,  nerves,  &c.;  Dorsal  artery  of  the  tuDf/iie, 
penis,  &c.;  Dorsal  region  of  the  foot,  hand,  Ac; 
Dorsal  Consumption,  <fec. 

Dorsal  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the  dor- 
sum or  backbone.  —  Barclay.  Dorsetd  is  used  by 
the  same  writer  adverbially,  to  signify  '  towards 
the  dorsal  aspect.' 

DORSAL,  LONG,  Longissimus  dorsi. 

DORSALIS,  Dorsal. 

Dorsa'lis  Penis,  (Nervus.)  The  branch  of 
the  internal  pudic  nerve,  which  is  distributed  to 
the  upper  part  of  the  male  organ;  and  to  the 
clitoris  of  the  female. 

DORSCII,  see  Oleum  jecoris  aselli. 

DORSE,  see  Oleum  jecoris  aselli. 

DORSO-COSTAL,  Serratus  posticus  superior 
— d.  Lombo-costal,  Serratus  posticus  inferior — '/. 
Lombo-sacro-liumeral,  Latissimus  dorsi  —  d.  Sim- 
acromien,  Trapezius — d.  Trachelon-occipitcd,  Cum- 
plexus. 

DORSTENIA  BRASILIENSIS,  Caa-apia. 

Dorstenia  Cg.vtrayeu'va,  called  after  Dr. 
Dorsten;  D.  Housto'nii,  Contrayer'va,  Drid;e',i't, 
Cijpe'rns  longns  odo'rua  seu  Perua'nus,  Brzonr'- 
dica  Radix,  Lisbon  Contrayer'va,  (F.)  Racine  de 
Charcis  ou  de  Dracke  ou  des  Philippines.  Order, 
Urticeae.  Sex.  Syst.  Tetandria  Monogynia.  A 
plant  of  South  America,  whose  root,  Contmyer'va 
(Ph.  U.  S.),  is  aromatic,  bitter,  and  astringent. 
It  has  been  given  as  a  tonic,  stimulant  and  sudo- 
rific.    Dose,  gr.  xij  to  ^ss. 

DonsTENiA  Coudifolia,  D.  Brasilicnsis  — d. 
Placentoides,  D.  Brasiliensis — d.  Vitella,  D.  Bra- 
siliensis. 

DORSUM,  Notos,  Noton.  The  back.  MetapV- 
renon,  Tergum,  (Prov.)  Rig,  (F.)  Dos.  The  pos- 
terior part  of  the  trunk,  extending  from  the  infe- 
rior and  posterior  region  of  the  neck  as  far  as  the 
loins.  The  back  of  the  f oof ,  Dorsum  pedis,  is  the 
upper  part  of  that  organ,  opposite  the  sole :  tbe 


DORYCIMUM 


311 


DRACONTIUM 


haek  of  the  hand,  Dorsum  maiiAs,  the  part  op- 
posetl  to  the  psilin.  In  the  same  sense,  we  say 
Doreum  penis,  Dorsum  nasi,  for  the  upper  part  of 
those  organs. 

Dorsum,  Vertebral  column  —  d.  Ephippii,  see 
Sella  turcica — (1.  ManQs,  Opisthenar. 
DORYCIMUM,  Costus  creticus. 
DOS,  Dorsum. 
nOSAGE,  Posology. 

DOSE,  Dosis,  PrcB'hiiim.  The  quantity  of  any 
Bubstance,  which  ought  to  form  part  of  a  com- 
pound medicine,  or  ought  to  be  exhibited  singly, 
to  produce  a  desired  efl'cct.  Many  circumstances 
inlliicnce  the  doses  of  medicine.  Women  require 
tiiiallcr  doses,  as  a  general  principle,  than  men. 
Hitbit  has  a  great  effect,  as  well  as  climate,  aije, 
and  idioHi/ncramj  :  all  these,  and  other  circum- 
gtance.",  uiust  be  taken  into  account;  and  every 
general  rule  on  the  subject  will  be  found  to  have 
numerous  exceptions.  Some  of  the  mechanical 
physicians  laid  it  down  as  a  rule,  that  the  doses 
of  medicines  must  always  be  as  the  xquare  of  the 
conntitulion! — A  matter  not  easy  of  calculation. 

The  following  Tables  will  exhibit  an  approxi- 
mation to  the  proper  doses  (according  to  age)  of 
most  substances. 

Table  of  Doses  accouding  to  Age. 


Ago  24 

Let  the  full  dose  be 

1 

1  drachm. 

18 

will  require 

2-.3dH. 

2  Roruplcs. 

14 

. 

half. 

i  drachm. 

7 

. 

l-3d. 

1  scruple. 

4 

. 

l-4th. 

15  grains. 

a 

. 

l-6th. 

10  grains. 

2 

. 

1-Sth. 

8  drains. 

1 

l-12th. 

6  grains. 

The  table  of  doses,  according  to  age,  recom- 
mended by  Dr.  Thomas  Young,  differs  in  some 
respects  from  the  above.  Either  atfords  a  suffi- 
cient general  approximation.     His  rule  is,  that 

For  ehildren,  under  twelve  years  of  aye,  the 
dnses  of  most  medicines  must  he  diminished  in 
the  proportion  of  the  age  to  the  age  increased  by 
twelve : 

o 
Thus,  at  two  years,  to  l-7th;  i.  e.,  l-7th  ■ 


2  +  12 

At  twenty-one  the  full  dose  is  given. 

Doses,  Broken.  When  an  agent  is  given  in 
small  portions  it  is  said  to  be  in  broken  doses, — 
refractis  dosibus. 

DOSIOLOGIA,  Posology, 

DOSIS,  Dose. 

DOSSIL,  liourdonnet. 

DOTAGE,  Dementia. 

DOTHIKN,  Furunculus. 

DOTHIENENTERIA,  Dothinenteritis. 

DOTUIRNENTEIUE,  Dothinenteritis. 

DOTIIINENTERIA,  Dothinenteritis. 

DOTHINENTERI'TIS.  properly  Vothienente- 
ri'tin,  Diithicnenter'in,  Dothinenter'ia,  Etiteri'tis 
pimtido'sa,  Enterodothie'nia,  Helcenteri'tis,  Fol- 
hc'idar  dtstroenteri'tis,  from  io^inv,  'a  pustule,' 
and  tiTtpo)',  'intestine.'  (F.)  DothinentMte,  Do- 
Ihininlfrie,  Dothi6tientfrie,Uothienenterite.  An  in- 
fliunination  and  ulceration  of  the  glan<ls  or  folli- 
cles of  Poyer  and  Brunncr,  which  Bretonneau 
considers  to  be  the  essence  of  a  large  class  of 
fevers,  particularly  of  those  of  the  typhoid  cha- 
racter.    See  Typhus. 

DOTIirOX,  Furunculus. 

DOTTRINA  MEDICA  ITALIANA,  Contro- 
stiiiiulus,  (doctrine  of.) 

DOUBLE,  Ingluvies. 


DOUBLE-CONSCIOUSNESS,  see  Conscious- 
ness, double. 

DOUBLE-HEARING,  Dipleco'ia,  Bitteco'ia, 
Paracn'sis  duplica'ta  seu  imperfec'ta.  The  ac- 
tion of  the  one  ear  unaccordant  with  that  of  the 
other :  sounds  heard  doubly,  and  in  different  tones 
or  keys. 

DOUBLE-MONSTERS,  see  Duplication. 

DOUBLE-QUARTE,  see  Quartan. 
DOUBLE-QUOTIDIENNE,  see  Quotidian. 

DOUBLE-TIERCE,  see  Tertian. 

DOUCE-AMERE,  Solanum  dulcamara. 

DOUCHE  (F.).  In  Italian,  doccia :  modern 
Latin,  diicia ;  Cotaclys'mus,  Douse.  This  term 
is  applied  to  a  column  of  fluid,  of  a  determi- 
nate nature  and  temperature,  let  fall  upon 
the  body.  Pumping  is  a  variety  of  the  Douche. 
In  using  this  kind  of  bath,  the  fluid  is  directed 
upon  the  part  on  which  we  are  desirous  of  acting. 
The  douches  descendantes  are  those  in  which  the 
fluid  falls  from  a  height,— the  douches  uscendnn- 
tes,  those  administered  in  diseases  of  the  uterus, 
— the  douches  horizontales,  where  the  fluid  is  im- 
pelled horizontally,  &c.  They  may  be  cold  or 
warm,  according  to  circumstances.  The  appa- 
ratus consists  of  a  reservoir  of  water  having  a 
pipe  or  plug,  by  means  of  which  the  water  can  be 
directed  as  the  practitioner  may  desire.  The 
Douche  communicates  a  considerable  and  peculiar 
shock  to  the  nervous  system  ;  and  is  one  of  the 
most  successful  means  for  taming  the  furious 
maniac.  It  is,  also,  useful  in  chronic  rheumatism, 
stiff  joints,  &c. 

Douches  of  air  are,  also,  occasionally  used,  as 
in  cases  of  obstruction  of  the  Eustachian  tube  by 
mucus.  They  are  sent  from  an  air-press  —  of 
which  Deleau  and  Kramer  have  invented  one 
each — through  a  catheter  introduced  through  the 
nose  into  the  tube.    - 

DOULEUR,  Pain— (£.  de  C6te,  Pleurodynia— 
d.  des  Dents,  Odontalgia — d.  de  I'Estomac,  Cardial- 
gia — d.  Nevralgique  de  I'Estomac,  Cardialgia — (/. 
Pulsatire,  see  Throbbing. 

DOULFJURS,  Pains, labour — d.  Conquassantes, 
see  Conqnassant. 

DOUNT,  Palpitation. 

DOUP,  Nates. 

DOUSE,  Douche. 

DOUVE,  Distoma  hepaticum  —  d.  du  Foie, 
Distoma  hepaticum — d.  Petite,  Ranunculus  flam- 
mula. 

DOWN,  see  Attack. 

DOWP,  Nates. 

DOYLE.  Strabismus. 

DRACHION,  Pugillus. 

DRACHM,  Drachma,  Dram,  (F.)  Gros.  The 
ancient  name  of  a  piece  of  money,  weighing  the 
eighth  part  of  an  ounce.  At  the  present  day  it 
is  used  for  this  weight. 

DRACO  MITIGATUS,  Hydrargyri  submurias 
— d.  Sylvestris,  Achillea  ptarmica. 

DRACOCEPH'ALUM  CANARIEN'SE, 
D.  JHoldav'icum,  from  Spaxwv,  '  a  dragon,'  and 
KC(pa\ri,  '  head,'  from  the  shape  of  the  corolla, 
Mclis'sa  Tur'cica  SCU  Canarien'sis,  Cedronel'la 
triphyl'la,  Alpi'ni  BaV sumum,  Turkey  or  Ciina'ry 
Balsam,  Balm  of  Gil'ead  Tree,  (F.)  3/elisse  de 
3loldavie.  Ord.  Labiatae.  A  Turkish  and  Sibe- 
rian plant,  which  has  an  aromatic  taste,  joined 
with  an  agreeable  flavour.  It  has  been  used  as  a 
tonic. 

DRACONTH^MA,  see  Calamus  rotang. 

DRACONTIUM,  Dracunculus.  See,  also,  Dra- 
contium  foetidum. 

Dracon'tium  Foe'tidcm,  Dracon'tium,  from 
ipaKioi,  '  a  dragon,'  whose  tail  the  roots  resem- 
ble, Jcto'des  foe'tidus,  Symplocar'pus  fte'tida, 
Pathos  foe'tida  seu  Puto'rii,  Arum  America'num 


DRACUNCULUS 


312 


DRINK 


hrt(B  fo'Uo,  Spathye'ma  fie'tida,  Skunk-cabbage, 
,Skiink-weed,  Poltcat-collarcl,  Coto-cvllard,  Col- 
Irird,  Itch-weed,  Stink-poke,  Swamp-cabhaije,Pole' - 
cfif-weed,  Hel'lehore,  El'lehore,  Jrinh  cabbaye. 
Ord.  Aroidese  or  Araceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Tetrandria 
Miinogynia.  This  indigenous  plant,  as  some  of 
its  names  import,  is  extremely  fetid.  The  pro- 
perty on  which  its  medical  virtues  are  dependent, 
resides  in  a  volatile  principle,  which  is  impaired 
l\y  long  keeping,  especially  in  powder.  Dose,  of 
the  dried  root,  Drncontium,  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  ten  to 
twenty  grains.  It  resembles  asafcetida  and 
other  fetid  gums  in  its  properties  ;  in  other  words, 
belongs  to  the  class  of  reputed  antispasmodics. 

DiiACONTiuM  Angustis'patiia,  Symplocar' puB 
Awjmtis'patha,  Narroic-epathed  Sknnk-eabbage, 
i.«  possessed  of  similar  properties. 

DllACUN'CULUS,  diminutive  of  6(,aKwv,  'a 
dragon  or  serpent,'  B.  Got-'diua,  Drucon'tium, 
Vena  MedV nn  Ar'abum,  Vena  seu  Gor'diua  Jlfedi- 
iien'sis,  JIfedinoc/or'dius,  Vermic'uliis  Copilla'rie, 
Fild'ria  Medinen'sis  seu  Gitineen'nis,  3fiilis  Dra- 
ciin'cuhis  seu  Gor'dii,  He.hninthon'cvs  iledinensis, 
jiftiscnlar  Hairworm,  Bichios,  Bicho,  Guinea 
Worm  or  Threadworm,  (F.)  Bragonneau,  Ver  de 
Gninie,  Ver  Filaire,  V.  de  Medine,  V.  cntane, 
Vcine  ou  Filaire  de  3fedine.  A  genus  of  worms, 
frequently  met  with  in  Indian  and  African  climes. 
They  are  characterized  by  a  filiform  body,  and 
are  smooth  and  nearly  of  equal  thickness  through- 
out. The  Guinea  worm,  when  small,  insinuates 
itself  through  the  cutaneous  pores,  and  pene- 
trates into  the  areolar  membrane  and  between  the 
muscles;  especially  between  those  of  the  lower 
limbs,  where  it  occasions  a  tumour  like  a  boil, 
which  subsequently  suppurates,  and  the  head  of 
the  worm  appears  and  emerges  gradually.  The 
head  must  then  be  seized,  and  the  worm  be  cau- 
tiously rolled  round  a  small  cylinder  of  linen  or 
other  substance.  Care  must  be  taken  not  to 
break  it,  as  great  pain  and  obstinate  suppuration 
might  be  the  consequence. 

Considerable  obscurity  rests  on  this  subject. 
Rome  even  deny  that  the  cases  of  Dracunculus, 
on  record,  are  really  those  of  worms. 

Dracmnculus  Polyphyllus,  Arum  dracuncu- 
lus — d.  Pratensis,  Achillea  ptarmica. 

BRAOEES,  (F.)  Almonds  or  dried  preserves, 
covered  with  white  sugar;  Sugar-plums. 

DRAGEES  BE  KEYSER.     A  pharmaceuti- 
cal   preparation,   formerly    much    celebrated   in 
syphilis.     It  was  composed  of  acetate  of  mercury, 
manna,  starch,  mucilage  and  gum  trayacanth. 
PRAGMA,  Pugillus. 
DRAGMIS,  Pugillus. 

BR  AG  ON  (F.),  Bragon.  Some  authors  have 
given  this  name  to  opake  spots  on  the  cornea, 
and  to  cataract. 

Dragon  Claw,  Scaly,  Pterospora  andromedea 
—  d.  Green,  Arum  dracontium  —  d.  Root,  Arum 
triphyllum,  Pterospora  andromedea — d.  Turnip, 
Arum  triphyllum. 

DRAGON'S  BLOOD,  see  Calamus  rotang. 
BRAGONNEAU,  Dracunculus. 
DRAINING,  Besieca'tio,  (F.)  Bessechement. 
The  act  of  drawing  off  the  water  from  marshes, 
for  the  purpose  of  destrojing  the  unhealthy  ema- 
nations which  proceed  from  them.  It  is  a  well 
known  fact,  that  from  marshes  arise  certain  ema- 
nations or  miasmata,  with  the  nature  of  which 
we  are,  however,  totally  unacquainted,  but  which 
are  the  fertile  source  of  intermittents  and  other 
diseases.  Draining  the  soil  and  converting  it 
into  arable  land  changes  its  character,  and  the 
malaria  ceases  to  be  given  off.  It  has  happened, 
however,  that  although  in  some  such  situations 
intermittents  have  been  got  rid  of,  consumptions 
have  taken  their  place. 


DRAITSCH  WATER,  Godesberg,  mincrnl 
waters  of. 

DRAKENA,  Dorstenia  contrayerva. 
DRAM,  Melancholic. 

BR  APE  A  U  ( F.),  Vciirhim,  from  drop, '  cloth.' 
A  bandage,  used  in  wounds,  Ac,  of  (lie  nose,  to 
keep  the  dressings  in  situ.  It  is  composed  of  a 
small  triangular  compress,  having  two  openings 
at  its  inferior  part,  corresponding  to  those  of  tiio 
nostrils.  It  is  fixed  by  means  of  a  handa^'o, 
passing  from  its  superior  angle  over  the  head, 
and  another  passing  round  the  head,  under  tlio 
orbits,  so  as  to  join  the  first  at  the  nape  of  the 
neck.     Also,  Pterygion. 

BRAP  FANON,  see  Fanon. 
DRASTIC,  Braf'ticus,  Cenot'ic,  (F.)  Brastiqne, 
from   Spaui,    '1    operate   strongly.'     Active.    An 
epithet  given  to  purgatives,  which  operate  power- 
fully ;  as  elateriiim,  oil  of  croton,  Ac. 

DRAUGllT,  HauHtua.  A  term  also  applied, 
by  nurses,  to  the  sudden  rush  of  blood  to  the 
mammse,  occasioned  in  the  mother  by  the  sight, 
or  even  thought,  of  her  infant,  and  which  occa- 
sions a  greatly-increased  secretion  of  milk. 

Draught,  Black,  see  Infusum  sennas  compo- 
situm. 

DRAWING,  see  Digestives. 
DRAX,  Pugillus. 

DREAM,  Somnium — d.  Waking,  Uallucination. 
BRECIIE,  Malt. 
DREGISTER,  Druggist. 
DREGS,  Feculence. 

DRENCH,  (Sax.  ■opencean,   'to  soak.')    To 
give  liquid  physic  by  force.     A  liquid  medicine, 
given  by  violence,  is  called  "a  drench." 
DREPANOIDES,  Falciform. 
DRESS,  Vestitus. 

DRESSER,  from  (F.)  dresser,  'to  put  right.' 
An  hospital  assistant,  whose  office  it  is  to  die?3 
wounds,  ulcers,  <fcc.  He  corresponds  in  function 
to  the  Eleve  externe  of  the  French  hospitals. 

DRESSING,  Cura,  Cura'tio,  {¥.)  Pavsenmil. 
Same  etymon.  The  methodical  application  of 
any  remedy  or  apparatus  to  a  diseased  part. 
Also,  the  remedy  or  apparatus  itself. 

DRIBURG,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  At 
the  small  town  of  Driburg,  near  Pyriuont,  in 
Germany,  there  are  nine  springs,  which  are  rich 
in  saline  ingredients,  iron,  and  carbonic  acid  gas. 
Their  action  on  the  ecomony  is  lilie  that  of  Pyr- 
mont  water.  They  contain  chloride  of  sodium, 
sulphate  of  magnesia,  sulphate  of  lime,  carbonate 
of  lime,  carbonate  of  magnesia,  carbonate  of  iron, 
chloride  of  calcium,  and  chloride  of  magnesium. 
DRIMYPHA'GIA,  from  ipiiivi,  'acrid,'  'aro- 
matic,' and  ^ayu),  'I  eat'  An  aromatic  and  ex- 
citing diet. 

DRIMYS  WINTERI,  AVintera  aromatica. 
DRINK, from  Sax. »pencan,/-'oma,7^'()'o,/'o'"», 
Bev'erage,  (F.)  Boisson.  Every  liquid  introduced 
into  the  alimentary  canal  for  the  purpose  of  re- 
pairing the  loss  of  the  fluid  parts  of  the  body. 
The  necessity  for  its  use  is  indicated  by  the  sen- 
sation of  thirst.  Fluid,  taken  during  a  ine.il,  aids 
in  the  digestion  of  the  food.  Some  drinks  are 
exciting  and  tonic,  as  the  different  varieties  of 
beer,  wine,  and  spirits,  which  we  use  at  tiiliie. 
In  a  therapeutical  point  of  view,  drinks  are  used 
to  appease  the  thirst  which  prevails  in  febrile 
affections,  or  to  act  as  diluents  in  those  and  other 
cases. 

The  ordinary  drinks,  according  to  their  chemi- 
cal composition,  are — L  Water,  spring  water, 
river  water,  well  water,  <fec. — 2.  .Juices  and  m/"- 
eions  of  Animal  and  Vegetable  substances,  leinon 
juice,  currant  juice,  whey,  ten,  coffee,  mattee,  Ac. 
—  3.  Fermented  Liquors,  v/'mcs,  ale,  beer,  ciucr, 
perry.  —  4.  Spirituous  Liquors,  brandy,  alcohol, 


DRIVELLING 


313 


DUCKFOOT 


ether,  kirschwasser,    rum,    arack,   gin,    whisky, 
rtktiifi  IS,  cordials,  Ac. 

U1UV1!;LMN'(;,  slavering. 
UKOAT,  Throat. 
DKODDUM,  Natea. 
DliOdUK,  Drug. 

DROGUlElt  (¥.).     Same  etymon  as  drug.    A 
collection  of  (liB'orent  simple  medicinal  sub.stances. 
A  iiu'tliodical  collection  of  specimens  of  drugs. 
L>li<>(! (IIS TE,  D r u ggis t. 
DUOICH,  Nanus. 

DliOIT,  Rectus — d.  de  V Abdomen,  Rectus  ab- 
dominis— d.  Aiiterieur  de  la  cuisse,  Rectus  femoris 
—  d.  Anlerieiir  de  la  tete,  Rectus  capitis  internus 
minor  —  d.  Aiiterieur  de  la  tete,  grand,  Rectus 
capitis  internus  major  —  d.  Externe  de  I'oeil,  Rec- 
tus externus  oculi  —  d.  Inferieur  de  I'wil,  Rectus 
inferior  oculi  —  d.  Interne  de  la  cuisse.  Gracilis — 
d.  Interne  de  I'teil,  Rectus  internus  oculi  —  d. 
Lathnl  de  la  tete,  Rectus  capitis  lateralis  —  d. 
J'onlerienr  de  la  tete,  yraud.  Rectus  capitis  posti- 
cus major — d.  Post^rieiir  de  la  tite,  petit.  Rectus 
capitis  posticus  minor — d.  Sup6rieur,  Rectus  stf- 
perior  oculi. 

DROP,  Gutta  —  d.  Ague,  tasteless,  Liquor  ar- 
seniealis — d.  lilack,  Guttaj  nigrae — d.  Red,  Ward's, 
see  Vinutn  antimonii  tartarizati  —  d.  Serene, 
Amaurosis. 
DROPACISMUS,  Depilation. 
DiiOPAX,  Depilatory. 
DROPPED  HANDS,  see  Hands,  dropped. 
DROPS,  ABBE  ROUSSEAU'S,  Laudanum 
Abbatis  Rousseau — d.  Anodyne,  Liquor  morphi- 
iiiB  acetatis — d.  Antiscorbutic,  Marsden's,  see  In- 
fiisuni  gentiana)  compositum  —  d.  Anti-venereal, 
fee  Tinctura  ferri  muriatis  —  d.  Chamomile,  see 
Anthemis  nobilis  —  d.  Dutch,  Balsam  of  sulphur, 
Balsam  of  Turpentine — d.  Fit,  Spiritus  animoniae 
fcetiiius,  see  P'uligo  —  d.  Golden,  de  la  Motte's, 
Tinclura  seu  alcoliol  sulfurico-aethereus  ferri — d. 
Green's,  see  Licjuor  Ilydrargyri  oxymuriatis — d. 
Jesuit's,  Tinctura  benzoini  coinposita — d.  Laven- 
der, Spiritus  Lavandula}  compositus — d.  Nitre, 
Spiritus  ajthoris  nitrici — d.  Norris's,  see  Antimo- 
nium  tiirtarizatuiu — d.  Norton's,  Liquor  Ilydrar- 
gyri Oxymuriatis  —  d.  Pectoral,  Pectoral  drops, 
Bateinan's — d.  Peppermint,  Pastilli  de  mentha 
piperita  —  d.  Soot,  see  Fuligo  —  d.  Wade's,  Tinc- 
tura benzoini  composita  —  d.  White,  Ward's,  see 
Ilyilrarsyri  nitras. 

Ditofs,  Waiuuirg's.    a  secret  preparation  used 
in  Deuiarara  under  the  name  of  Warburg's  Fever 
Drops.     See  Bebeeru. 
DROPSICAL,  Hydropic. 
DROPSIED.  Hvdropic. 

DROPSY,  Hydrops— d.  of  the  Belly,  Ascites— 
d.  of  the  Brain,  Hydrocephalus. 

DROPf^Y,  CauDIAC.  Hydrops  cnrdiaciis,  (F.) 
Hi/dropisie  cardinque.  Dropsy,  dependent  on 
disease  of  the  heart. 

Dropsy  of  the  Cellular  Membranr,  Ana- 
sarca— d.  of  the  Chest,  Hydrothorax — d.  of  the 
Lye,  Ilydroplithalmia. 

Diiopsv,  FiBRiNOi:s.  Dropsj'  in  which  the 
elTused  fluid  contains  fibrin. 

DitopsY,  General,  Anasarca — d.  of  the  Head, 
Hydrocephalus. 

DuopsY,  HepAt'ic,  Hydrops  liepal'icus,  (F.) 
Ifi/dropisie  hepntique.  Drops}',  dependent  on 
disease  of  the  liver. 

Dropsy  ok  the  Lachrymal  Sac,  Fistula  lacry- 
nialis,  Lachryinul  hernia — d.  of  the  Pericardium, 
Hydropericardium — d.  of  the  Peritoneum,  Ascites 
— d.  of  the  Pleura,  Hydrothorax. 

Dropsy,  Renal,  Hydrops  rena'Us,  (F.)  Hy- 
dropisie  rfnale.  Dropsy,  dependent  on  disease  of 
the  kidney. 

Dropsy,  Water  of,  Sorura  of  Serous  mem- 
branes—d  Wind,  Emphysema. 


Drop.sy  of  the  Womb,  Hydrometra. 

DROPWORT,  Spiraea  filipendula  — d.  Hem- 
lock, Qinanthe — d.  Water,  Hemlock,  (Enanthe— 
d.  Western,  Gillenia  trifoliata. 

DROPYK,  Hydrops. 

DROS'ERA  ROTUNDIFO'LIA,  from  Spoaepoa, 
'dewy,'  ipoaos,  'dew,'  the  leaf  glands  exuding  a 
clear  fluid  like  dew  drops.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  SitndeiB,  lioa  solis,  Drosiobot'anon,  Uro'- 
sitim,  liorel'ld,  (F.)  liossoUs,  Itosee  du  soleil, 
Herbe  d  la  rosee.  Ord.  Droseraceae.  This  plant 
has  a  bitter,  acrid,  and  caustic  taste.  It  has 
been  used  ae  a  rubefacient,  and  to  destroy  warts 
and  corns.  It  has,  also,  been  regarded  as  a 
pectoral. 

DROSIOBOTANON,  Drosera  rotundifolia. 

DROSISTICON,  see  Bosa. 

DROSIUM,  Drosera  rotundifolia. 

DROSOMELI,  Fraxinus  ornus. 

DROW,  Syncope. 

DRUG,  JHedicdinen'tiim,  (F.)  Drogue.  A  name 
ordinarily  applied  to  simple  medicines,  but,  by 
extension,  to  every  substance  employed  in  the 
cure  of  disease.  Menage  derives  it  from  droga, 
and  this  from  the  Persian  droa,  'odour;'  because 
many  drugs  have  a  strong  odour.  It  is,  doubt- 
less, from  the  Teutonic  trocken,  Sax.  ©jiigan,  'to 
dry.' 

Drug.  To  prescribe  or  administer  drugs. 
Most  commonly,  perhaps,  to  dose  to  excess  with 
drugs.  One  who  so  doses  is  sometimes  called  "a 
drugger."  "  To  drug,"  also  means  to  tincture 
with  some  medicinal  article. 

Drug  Disease.  A  morbid  condition,  which 
is — or  is  presumed  to  be  —  caused  or  kept  up  by 
the  administration  of  drugs. 

Drug-grinder,  see  Pulverization  —  d.  Mill, 
see  Pulverization. 

DRUGGER,  Druggist,  see  Drug. 

DRUGGIST,  Drugger,  Dnigster,  (Prov.)  Dre- 
gister.  Same  etymon.  Pharmacopo'la,  3Iateri- 
alis'ta,  Scplasia'rius,  Pharmucopw'us,  (F.)  Dio- 
guiste.     One  who  sells  drugs. 

DRUGSTER,  Druggist. 

DRUM,  Melancholic. 

DRUM  OF  THE  EAR,  Tympanum, 

DRUM-SIEVE,  see  Cribration. 

DRUNKENNESS,  Temulentia. 

DRUNKEWORT,  Nicotiana  tabacum. 

DRYING,  Dcsicca'tion,  Sicca'tio,  Desict-a'tio, 
Exsicca'tin,  Xeriin'sis,  Auan'sis,  same  etymon  as 
Drug,  (F.)  Dessiccation.  Evaporation  or  removal 
of  the  superfluous  humidity  in  a  body. 

Drying  of  Plants,  Desicca'tio  lierba'rum, 
Desicca'tion  of  Plants.  Those  which  are  very 
succulent  should  be  dried  quickly.  They  must  be 
spread  upon  lattice  %vork,  covered  from  the  light, 
and  exposed  to  the  heat  of  the  sun  or  to  that  of 
a  stove,  not  exceeding  110°  Fahrenheit.  The 
drying  of  less  succulent  plants  can  be  effected  at 
a  lower  temperature.  Flouers  must  be  dried 
very  carefully,  excluding  light.  Seeds  are  dried 
in  a  place  whore  there  is  a  free  current  of  air. 
Pulpy  fruits  may  be  exposed  to  a  gentle  heat  in 
a  stove,  which  may  be  gradually  elevated.  Roots 
may  also  be  dried  in  the  stove  :  the  tuberous  re- 
quire to  be  cut  in  slices. 

DRY  NURSE,  see  Nurse 

DTHOKE,  Framboesia. 

DUAL'ITY,  Dual'itas,  from  duo,  'two.'  The 
state  or  quality  of  being  two. 

Duality  of  the  Mind,  or  Brain.  As  the 
organ  consists  of  two  hemispheres,  they  have 
been  regarded  by  some  as  separately  and  dis- 
tinctly concerned  in  the  mental  and  moral  mani- 
festations. 

DUALM.  Svncope. 

DUCKFOOT,  see  Kyllosis. 


DUCKLEGGED 


314 


DURE-Mi:RE 


DUCKLEGGED.  Having  short  legs  like  a 
duck. 

DUCKSFOOT,  Podophyllum  montanum. 

DUCT,  ALIMENTARY,  Canal,  alimentary. 
Thoracic  duct. 

Duct  of  Bellini,  Uriniferous  tube. 

Duct,  Nasal,  Lachrymal  duct — d.  Pancre- 
atic, see  Pancreas. 

Duct  of  Pecquet,  Thoracic  duct. 

Duct,  Vitelline,  see  Vesicula  umbilicalis. 

Duct  of  Wirsung,  see  Pancreas. 

DUCTIO  PR^PUTII,  Masturbation. 

DUCTLESS  GLANDS,  see  Ganglion. 

DUCTOR  CANALICULATUS,  Gorget  — d. 
Urinse,  Ureter. 

DUCTULI  RECTI,  see  Rete  testis. 

DUCTUS,  Canal,  Meatus — d.  Arteriosus,  Arte- 
rial duct — d.  Auris  palatinus,  Eustachian  tube. 

Ductus  B  artholini  a'nus,  Bar'tholin's 
Duct,  (F.)  CViJifi/ t/e  Bartholin.  The  excretory 
duct  of  the  sublingual  gland. 

Ductus  Belliniani,  Uriniferous  tubes 
— d.  Biliarii,  Pori  biliarii — d.  Biliferi,  Pori  biliarii 
—  d.  Botalli,  Arterial  duct  —  d.  Choledochus, 
Chuledoch  duet — d.  Chyliferus,  Thoracic  duct — 
d.  Cibarius,  Canal,  alimentary  —  d.  Excretorius, 
Excretory  duct — d.  Ferreini,  Ferrein,  canal  of — d. 
Hepaticu.<,  Hepatic  duct — d.  Incisivus,  Palatine 
duct  (anterior)  —  d.  Intestinalis,  Canal,  alimen- 
tary—  d.  Lacteus,  Thoracic  duct  — d.  Lacryma- 
lis,  Lachrymal  duct  —  d.  Lacrunialis,  Lachrymal 
duct — d.  Nasalis  orbitiE,  Lachrymal  or  nasal  duct 
— d.  Nasalo-palatinus,  Palatine  duct  (anterior) — 
d.  ad  Nasum,  Lachrymal  or  nasal  duct  —  d.  Nu- 
tritii.  Canals,  nutritive — -  d.  Ornphalo-mesenteri- 
cus,  see  Vesicula  umbilicalis — d.  Pancreaticus,  see 
Pancreas — d.  Pecqueti,  Thoracic  duct — d.  Pneu- 
maticus,  see  Air-bladder  —  d.  Punctorum  lacry- 
malium.  Lachrymal  ducts — d.  Riviniani,  see  Sub- 
lingual gland — d.  Rorifer,  Thoracic  duct. 

Ductus  Saliva'lis  Infe'riok,  i>.  Whartonm'- 
nxv,  (F.)  Canal  de  Warthon.  The  excretory  duct 
of  the  submaxillary  gland. 

Ductus  Saliva'lis  Supe'rior,  D.  Stenonia'- 
71HS,  Steno's  IJiict,  (P.)  Canal  de  Stenon.  The 
excretory  duct  of  the  parotid  gland  which  opens 
into  the  mouth  opposite  the  second  upper  molar 
tonth. 

Ductus  Semi-Circulares  Labyrinthi,  Semi- 
circular canals — d.  Sercjsi,  Lymphatic  vessels — d. 
Spirales  cochleae,  Seahe  of  the  cochlea — d.  Ste- 
nonianus,  Ductus  salivalis  superior — d.  Thora- 
cicus,  Thoracic  duct — d.  Urinae,  Ureter — d.  Uri- 
narius.  Urethra — d.  Uriniferi  Bellini,  Uriniferous 
tubes  —  d.  Varicosi  uteri,  Tubao  Fallopianaj  —  d. 
Venosus,  Canal,  venous — d.  Vitellarius,  see  Ve- 
sicula umbilicalis — d.  Vitello-intestinalis,  see  Ve- 
sicula umbilicalis  —  d.  Waltheriani,  see  Sublin- 
gual gland— d.  Whartonianus,  Ductus  salivalis 
inferior — d.  M^irsungianus,  see  Pancreas. 
DUELECH,  Dulech. 

DUEL'LA.      The  ancient  name  of  a  weight, 
■which  was  equivalent  to  eisrht  scruples. 
DUELLUM  VENEREUM,  Coition. 
DUG.  Nipple. 

DULCAMARA,  Solanum  dulcamara — d.  Flex- 
uosa,  Solanum  dulcamara. 

DULCEDO  AMORIS,  Clitoris— d.  Sputatorum, 
see  Salivation. 

DULECII,  Diieheh.  A  term  employed  by 
Paracelsus  and  Van  Helmont  to  designate  a  pre- 
tended tartarized  substance,  which  forms  in  the 
human  body,  and  produces  acute  pain,  accompa- 
nied with  great  danger. 

DULL.  Deaf. 

DULSE,  Rhndomela  palmata— d.  Pepper,  Lau- 
rcntia  pinnatifida. 

DUMB,  see  Mutitas. 


DUMBNESS,  Mutitas. 

DUNBLANE,   MINERAL  WATERS   OP. 

The  springs  of  Dunblane,  in  Scotland,  contain 
sulphate  of  soda,  chlorides  of  sodium  and  cul. 
cium,  and  carbonate  of  iron. 

DUNCJ,  Fimus  —  d.  Cow's,  Fimus  Vacca; — d. 
Goose,  Fimus  anseris  —  d.  Stone-horso,  Fimua 
equinus. 

DUNGA,  Dengue. 
DUNT,  Palpitation. 

DUODE'NAL,  Dnodenn'Us,  (F.)  Duodenal. 
Relating  or  appertaining  to  the  duodenum. 

DUODENI'TIS,  Dudecadactyli'tl/i,  (F.)  Duo. 
denite.  A  hybrid  term,  from  dnodennm,  and  iti'n, 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
du(jdenum,  characterized  by  white  tongue,  bitter 
taste,  anorexia,  fulness  and  tenderness  in  the 
region  of  the  duodenum,  and  often  yellowness 
of  skin,  along  with  the  ordinary  signs  of  febrile 
irritation. 

DUODE'NUM,  from  dnodeni,  'twelve.'  Ven- 
tric'ii/nn  Snccentiiria'tiis,  Ec'physis  sen  Appeu'dix 
seu  Procen'suH  Ventric'idi,  Portona'rinm,  Dude- 
cadac'hjlon,  (from  liuiltcKa,  'twelve,'  and  iaitTuXof, 
'  a  finger.')  The  duodenum  is  the  first  part  of 
the  intestinal  canal,  commencing  at  the  i)yloric 
orifice  of  the  stomach,  and  terminating  in  the 
jejunum.  Its  length  is  about  twelve  fingers' 
breadth,  and  as  it  is  only  partially  covered  by  the 
peritoneum,  it  is  susceptible  of  considerable  dila- 
tation ;  hence  its  name  Ventricnlnn  snccentnriatua. 
In  the  duodenum,  chi/h'fication  takes  place  after 
the  admixture  of  the  biliary  and  pancreatic  fluids 
with  the  chyme. 

DUO-STERNAL.  Beelard  thus  names  the 
second  osseous  portion  of  the  sternum,  which 
corresponds  to  the  second  intercostal  space. 

DUPLICA'TION,  (duo,  'two,'  and  plionre, 
plicatiirn,  'to  fold.')  Dvph'ca'tio,  Diiplic" Itut, 
Diplanian'miiK,  Dipfo'sis,  (F.)  DnpUcite.  A  spe- 
cies of  malformation  or  monstrosity,  character- 
ized by  the  parts  concerned  being  doubled.  See 
Diplogenesis. 

Duplication  of  the  Foetus,  Evolution,  spon- 
taneous. 

DU'PLICATURE,  DnpHcatu'ra,  Eejlvc'tion. 
Same  etymon.  The  folding  or  reflection  of  a 
membrane  upon  itself;  as  Dnplicainre  or  refiec- 
tion  (if  the  ]>/eitra,  peritoneum,  <fcc. 

DUPLICITAS  MONSTROSA,  see  Diplogene- 
sis. 

DUPLICITE,  Duplication. 
DUPON'DIUM.     A  weight  of  four  drachms. 
— Galen. 

DUR,  Hard. 

DURA  MATER,  Cransa  seu  Dnra  meniur, 
Selerome'ninx,  3/eni'nx  exte'rior  seu  sclern  seu 
dermato'des  seu  itacjiei'a,  of  Galen,  Dura  meni- 
bra'iia  cer'ehrum  am'hiens,  Cntieula'ria  memhra  - 
na,  3feningc,  (Ch.)  It  has  been  called  dui-a,  be- 
cause of  its  great  resistance;  and  mater,  because 
it  was  believed  to  give  rise  to  every  membrane 
of  the  body.  (F.)  Dure  mire,  Dure-taye  (Par6.) 
It  is  a  fibrous,  semi-transparent  membrane,  of  a 
pearly-white  colour,  thick,  and  very  resisting; 
lines  the  cavity  of  the  cranium,  and  contains  the 
spinal  marrow:  protects  the  brain  and  marrow; 
and,  by  its  various  expansions — the  falx  cerebri, 
tentorium,  Ac,  —  supports  the  diff"crent  parts  of 
the  cerebral  mass.  The  largest  artery  of  the  dura 
mater  is  the  A.  menincja'a  me'dia. 

Dura  Mater,  Lateral  Processes  of  the, 
Tentorium  —  d.  m.  Testis,  Albuginea. 

DURATION  OF  LIFE,  see  Life— d.  of  Preg- 
nancy, see  Pregnancy. 

DUUE-MERE,  Dura  mater. 


DURE-TAYE 


315 


DYSCRASIA 


Df'RE-TA  YE,  Dura  mater. 
nUHEE  BE  LA  VIE,  see  Longevity. 
Di'RETE  D'OREILLE,  Baryecoia— (Z.   de 

rOiiie,  Deafness. 

DIJRILLON,  Callosity. 
DUllUS,  Hard. 

DUSTING  BAG.  In  pharmacy,  a  kind  of 
sieve,  which  consists  of  a  bag  made  of  lawn  or 
other  like  material,  hung  inside  of  a  wide-mouthed 
bottle  or  tin  canister,  to  the  mouth  of  which  it  is 
secured.  The  powdered  substance  is  put  into 
the  bag,  and  the  mouth  being  closed  with  a  cover, 
the  apparatus  is  shaken,  and  the  finer  particles 
pass  into  tlie  bottle  or  canister. 

DUTCHMAN'S  PIPE,  Aristolochia  hirsuta. 
DIITIIOA,  Datura  stramonium. 
DWALK,  COMMON,  Atropa  belladonna. 
DWAIU'',  Nanus — d.  Flag,  Iris  lacustris. 
DWAUFISII,  see  Nanus. 
DWAHFISIINESS,  Nanosomus. 
DYCTOIDES,  Reticular. 

DYERS'  BROOM,  Genista  tinctoria— d.  Weed, 
Genista  tinctoria.  Reseda  luteola. 
DYNAMETER,  Dynamometer. 
DYNAM'IC,  /)i/iiam'!a<,l,  Di/nnm'iois,  (F.) 
Di/iifiiiiirjiie.  Same  etymon.  In  Mechanics,  /))/- 
iiitiu'icK  investigates  the  powers  whereby  bodies 
are  put  in  motion,  and  the  laws  connected  there- 
with. In  Biology,  tliat  which  relates  to  the  vital 
forces,  to  the  organism  in  action.  Vital  Dijnn- 
micn.  The  influences  of  agents  on  the  organism, 
which  are  ascribable  to  neitiier  meclianical  nor 
chemical  causes,  are  sometimes  termed  di/nnnn'c. 
In  this  sense,  it  is  a  favorite  term  with  the  ho- 
moenpathists,  who  maintain  that,  by  certain  pro- 
cesses, called,  in  the  aggregate,  dynnmiza'tion 
nnd  pote>iti'z)t)/j.  the  dynamic  powers  of  a  medi- 
cine may  be  set  free  and  developed — as  by  shaking 
the  bottle  in  which  the  article  is  contained,  or  by 
mixing  an  unlimited  number  of  unmedicated 
globules  with  one  that  is  medicated,  and  shaking 
them  together.     In  this  way,  the  former  become 

]uilrutize(l ! 

Dynamic  Diseases,  see  Organic. 

DYNAMICS,  VITAL,  see  Dynamic. 

DYNAMICUS,  Dynamic. 

DYNAMIS,  Faculty,  Force. 

DYXAMIZATION,  see  Dynamic. 

DYNAMOM'ETER,  Uyo'dynnmhm'etcr,  Il/i/o- 
diinamiim'eler,  (F.)  Di/ii(imo»ictre,  from  Svva/jLi;, 
'force,'  'vital  power,'  and  fierpov,  'measure.'  An 
instrument,  contrived  by  M.  Regnier,  for  mea- 
suring the  comparative  muscular  strength  of  man 
and  animals.  It  consists  of  a  spring,  which, 
when  pressed  upon,  causes  a  needle  to  move  upon 
a  portion  of  a  circle,  furnished  with  a  scale  of 
kilogrammes  and  one  of  myriagrammes.  To 
measure  the  strength  of  the  hands,  the  two 
branches  of  the  spring  are  firmly  grasped,  and 
brought  as  near  together  as  the  force  can  carry 
them.  This  effort  makes  the  needle  traverse,  and 
inilieutes,  on  the  scale  of  kilogrammes,  the 
strength  of  the  experimenter's  hands.  A  man, 
25  or  .SO  years  of  age,  exerts  a  force  commonly 
equal  to  oO  kilogrammes  or  100  pounds. 

The  strength  of  the  loins  of  a  man,  about  30 
years  of  age,  as  indicated  by  this  instrument,  is 
usually  about  30  myriagrammes,  or  265  pounds, 
which  shows  the  weight  he  is  capable  of  raising. 

From  experiments  made  by  Peron,  in  his  voy- 
age, on  12  individuals  of  Van  Diemen's  Land,  17 
of  Now  Holland,  56  of  the  Island  of  Timor,  17 
Frenchmen  belonging  to  the  expedition,  nnd  14 
Englishmen  in  the  colony  of  New  South  Wales, 
he  found  their  comparative  strength,  indicated 
by  the  dynamometer,  to  be  as  follows : 


STllEKGTU 

Natives  op 

of  the 

arm. 

of  the 

loins. 

Kiloy. 

Ih8. 

Myri. 

lbn. 

1.  Van    Diemen's 

Land. 

2.  New  Holland. 

3.  Timor. 

4.  France. 

5.  England. 

50.6 
50.8 
58.7 
69.2 
71.4 

101.2 
101.6 
117.4 
138.4 
142.4 

10.2 
11.6 
15.2 
15.2 

208.08 
238.64 
310.08 
332.52 

Dynamometer  or  Dynam'eter,  Mei)ic"i.val. 
An  instrument,  invented  by  Dr.  Paris,  for  the 
purpose  of  showing  the  quantity  of  active  matter 
contained  in  a  given  weight  or  measure  of  any 
officinal  compound,  with  the  dose  of  any  i)repa- 
ration,  which  will  be  equivalent  in  strength  to  a 
given  quantity  of  any  other  of  the  same  class. 
The  instrument  is  more  ingenious  than  usefuL 

DY^NAMOPATHY^  Homoeopathy. 

DYOTA,  Diota. 

DYS,  6vi,  in  composition,  'difficult,  faulty;' 
sometimes  privative;  mostly  answering  to  the 
particles  din,  in,  mis,  or  ini,  in  English.     Hence: 

DYSiE'MIA,  from  6vs,  'with  difficulty,'  and 
'aifia,  'blood.'     A  morbid  condition  of  the  blood. 

DYSTESTHE'SIA,  7)y«(B8(;tc'«»*,  from  ivi, 
'with  ditficulty,'  and  aia^uvo/uai,  'I  feel.'  Ob- 
scure, diminished,  or  even  abolished  sensation. 

DysvEsthesia  AiTDiTORiA,  Cophosis  —  d.  Gus- 
tatoria,  Ageustia  —  d.  Interna,  Amnesia  —  d.  01- 
factoria.  Anosmia. 

Dys^sthk'sia  Visua'lis,  Parop'ais.  Sense 
of  sight  vitiated  or  lost. 

DYS^.STHESIS,  Dyssesthesia. 

DYSANAGO'GOS,  from  hvi,  'with  difficulty,' 
and  avayii),  '  I  bring  up.'  That  which  is  expecto- 
rated with  difficulty.  An  epithet  given,  by  the 
Greek  writers,  to  the  sputa,  when  expectorated 
with  difficulty,  on  account  of  their  viscidity. 

DYSANNARRHOPHE'SIS,X)y«nin;v;K>/)A'/(r; 
from  ius,  'with  difficulty,'  and  avappo(priais,  'ab- 
sorption.' Diminished  absorption  from  morbid 
causes.  _ 

DYS'APHE,  Dysaph'ia,  from  6vs,  and  a<pri, 
'feeling.'     Morbid  feeling. 

DYSAPULO'TUS,  Dysapu'his,  Dysrpulotos, 
Di/sep>do'ticns,  Dysido'tnn,  from  Sus,  and  cjroiAoa), 
to  heal.'     Healing  with  difficulty. 

DYSARTHRITIS,  Gout,  irregular. 

DYSCATABROSIS,  Dysphagia. 

DYSCATAPOSIS,  Dysphagia. 

DY'SCATAPO'TIA,  from  Svs,  and  Karanivw,  'I 
drink.'  Difficulty  of  swallowing  liquids.  This 
term  is  recommended  by  Dr.  Mead  as  a  substitute 
for  hydrophobia,  which  means  dread  of  liquids. 
The  dread  seems  to  be  partly  caused  by  the  diffi- 
culty of  deglutition. 

DYSCIIE'ZIA,  from  ivg,  and  x^i^'^>  '*«  S^  to 
stool.'     Difficult  and  painful  defecation. 

DYSCHRCE'A,  from  Svs,  'with  difficulty,' and 
y/)uu  or  XP"'"'  'colour.'  Dinchro'a.  Sickly  and 
unhealthy  colour  of  the  skin.  Used  synony- 
mously with  the  maculcB  of  Willan. 

DY'SCHROMATOPSIA,  Achromatopsia. 

J)  YSCn  YMOSEN,  Chvmoplnnia. 

DYSCINE'SIA,  (F.)  I)ysci>,e«ie,  from  }vi, 
'with  difficulty,' and  icii'tu),  '  I  move.'  Difficulty 
or  utter  incapability  of  moving. — Galen. 

DY'SCOILIA.  Constipation. 

DYSCOPHO'SIS,  from  Svi,  'with  difficulty,' 
and  Kvpoiii,  '  I  am  deaf.'  A  defect  in  the  sense 
of  hearing. — Hippocrates. 

DY'SCO'RIA,  Coremetamorpho'sis,  from  ^i/s, 
and  Koptj,  'the  pupil.'  Irregularity  of  shape  of 
the  pupil. 

DYSCRA'SIA,  from  6\Ji,  and  irpaCTK,  'tempera- 


DYSCRASIACUM 


81G 


DYSOPIA 


ment.'     Tntcmpe'ries,  Dlntemperan'tta,  Dye'crasy. 
A  bad  habit  of  body.     See  Dysthetica. 

Dysckasia.  Pot.vto'uum.  Dyscrasia  of  drinkers. 
The  aggregate  of  cachectic  phenomena  exhibited 
by  those  who  indulge  in  alcoholic  liquors. 

Dyschasia  Satursi\a,  Saturuismus — d.  Scro- 
fulosa.  Scrofula — d.  Tuberculosa,  see  Tubercle. 
DYSCRASIACUM,  Spana;mic. 
DYSCRASY,  Dyscrasia— d.  Bilious,  Cholosis, 
Icterus. 

DYS'CRITOS,  from  iv?,  'with  difficulty,' and 
•foiiTi?,  'judgment.'  That  which  it  is  difficult  to 
judge  of. — Hippocrates. 

DYSDA'CRIA,  Dysdacnjo'sis,  from    Svs,  and 
&aKpvov, '  a  tear.'     A  morbid  condition  of  the  tears. 
DYSDACRYOSIS,  Dysdaeria. 
DYSECCRIS'IA,  from  6v;,  and  tKicpitrts,  'ex- 
cretion.'    Difficult  or  defective  excretion. 
DYSECOIA,  Baryecoia,  Deafness. 
DYSEL'CIA,    Dijsepnlo'tus,    from    ^ti?,    'with 
difficulty,'  and  'cXko^,  'an  ulcer.'     An  ulcer  diffi- 
cult to  heal. — Hippocrates,  Foesius. 
DYSEMESIA,  Vomiturition. 
DYSENTERIA,  Dysentery  — d.  Biliosa,  Colo- 
cholosis — d.  Haematera,  Dysentery — d.  Hepatica, 
ITepatirrhoea — d.  Maligna,  Enterocace — d.  Pu- 
trida,  Enterocace  —  d.  Scorbutica,  Enterocace  — 
d.  Splenica,  Melisna — d.  Typhodes,  Enterocace. 

DYSENTER'IC,     Dijseuter'icns,     Di/sen'terus, 
(F.)  Dynenteriqne,  Di/sseiiteriqite.      Same  etymon 
as  Dysentery.     Relating  to  dysentery. 
DYSENTERfE,  Dysentery. 
DYSENTERIUM,  Dysentery. 
DYSENTERONERVIA,  Colic— d.  Saturnina, 
Colica  inetallica. 

DYS'ENTERY,  Dyaenier'ia,  D.  heemate'ra, 
Dyoenter'him,  from  ivs,  and  evrtpov,  'an  intes- 
tine.' Dijficnl'tas  intesttno'rum,  Dissolu'tHS  mor- 
him,  Dinrrhoe'n  carnosa,  Coli'tis,  Coloui'tis, 
(^tlo-recti'tis,  Endocoli'tis,  Esocoli'tia,  Deflux'us 
Di/neiiter'icus,  Febris  Di/senter'ica,  Elumen  dys- 
ciitericum,  FhixuH  dysenter'icus  seu  cruen'- 
tns  cum  Tenes'mo,  Jiheumatis'mus  intestino'rum 
cum  nl'cere,  Tor'mina,  T.  Celni,  Blennenter'ia, 
Morhns  disnoln'tits,  Sedes  cruen'ta,  Lnea  dyseti- 
tfi-'ica,  Bloody  Flux;  Flux,  (F.)  DijHenterie, 
Dyoaenten'e,  Flux  dysenterique,  Flux  de  Sang. 
Inflammation  of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the 
large  intestine;  the  chief  symptoms  of  which 
are : — fever,  more  or  less  inflammatory,  with  fre- 
quent mucous  or  bloody  evacuations ;  violent 
tormina  and  tenesmus.  When  the  evacuations 
do  not  contain  blood,  it  has  been  called  Dysen- 
tP.r' ia  alba  or  simple  Dysentery,  Myco-dysentev'ia. 
The  seat  of  the  disease  is,  generally,  in  the  colon 
and  rectum.  It  occurs,  particularly,  during  the 
summer  and  autumnal  months,  and  in  hot  cli- 
mates more  than  in  cold :  frequently,  also,  in 
camps  and  prisons,  in  consequence  of  impure  air, 
and  imperfect  nourishment :  and  is  often  epidemic. 
Sporadic  eases  of  dysentery  are,  generally,  easily 
managed  ;  but  when  the  disease  occurs  epidemi- 
cally, it  often  exhibits  great  malignancy.  Gene- 
rally, it  yields  to  mild  laxatives,  as  castor  oil, 
combined  with  diaphoretic  narcotics,  such  as  the 
pulcis  ipecacuanha  compositus,  and  counter- 
irritants  to  the  abdomen  ;  but,  at  times,  the  in- 
flammation runs  on  so  speedily  to  ulceration, 
that,  unless  a  new  action  be  rapidly  excited, 
death  will  be  the  consequence.  In  such  cases, 
mercury  must  be  rapidly  introduced  into  the 
system,  and  narcotics  may  be  combined  with  it. 

The  whole    management   in    acute    dysentery 
must,  of  course,  be  strictly  antiphlogistic. 
Dysenteuv,  Bilious,  Coloeholosis. 
DYSEPULOTICUS,  Dysapulotus. 
DYSEPULOTOS,  Dvsapulotos,  Dyselcia. 
DYSGALACTIA,  Dysgalia. 


DYSGA'LIA,  Dyngnlnc'tia,  from  ^uj,  and  ya\a, 
yaXtiKTos,  'milk.'  An  unhealthy  condition  or 
depravation  of  the  milk. 

DYSGENNE'SIA,  from  6vi,  and  Ycwncif,  'ge- 
neration.' Lesion  of  the  generative  organs  or 
functions. 

DYSGEU'SIA,  Disgexis'tia,  from  iv;,  and 
ytvaii,  '  taste.'  A  morbid  condition  of  the  sanse 
of  taste. 

DYSH^MORRIIffi'A,from  Svs,  'a,^a,  'blood,' 
and  ptu),  '  to  flow.'  Difficulty  in  the  flow  of  blood, 
—  according  to  some,  of  the  hemorrhoidal  flux. 
Also,  symptoms  occasioned  by  its  diminution  or 
suppression. — Sagar. 

DYSH^'MIA,  from  rluf,  and  'aifxa,  'blood.' 
A  morbid  condition  of  the  blood. 

DYSHAPH'IA,  Bysaph' ia,irom  iv;,  and  'a^ij, 
'touch.'  A  morbid  condition  of  the  sense  of 
touch. 

DYSHI'DRIA,  Dysi'dria,  from  ivi,  and  'K^puj, 
'  sweat.'     A  morbid  .state  of  the  perspiriitiyn. 

DYSI' ATOS,  hvataToi,  from  ivi,  'with  difii- 
cnlty,'  and  laoixat,  'to  heal;'  Cura'tu  diffic'ilit. 
Difficult  of  cure. — Hippocrates. 

DYSLALIA,  Balbuties,  Bradylogia. 
DYSLOCHI'A,  Col'ica  lochia'lin,  Hysteral'cjia 
loehia'lis,  from   &vi,  and  Ao;^iof ;  'relating  to  par- 
turition.'    Diminution  or  suppression  of  the  lo- 
ch ial  discharge. 

DYSMASE'SIS,  Bysmasae'sis,  Bradymaase'ait, 
from  ^uf,  'with  difficulty,'  and  ftuar/ai;,  'mastica- 
tion.' Difficult  or  impeded  mastication. 
DYSMENIA,  Dysmenorrhoea. 
BYSMENORRH£e,  Dysmenorrhoea. 
Dl'^SMENORRIKE'A,  Byame'nia,  Parame'nia 
difljc"ilia,  3fcitnrrhag"ia  8tillatit"ia,  Men'atrua 
difficil'ia  seu  Boloro'aa,  Amenorrha'a  diffic"ilii 
seu  partia'lia,  3feiiae8  dolori/'iccB,  Jilenuriha'gia 
diffic"ilia,  Ifenstrua'lio  diffic"ili8  seu  dolorif'ica, 
Lnbo'rious  or  Bifficult  Menstrua'tion,  (F.)  Dt/sine- 
norrhSe,  llenstruation  difficile,  Riylea  difficilea, 
Strangurie  menatruelle.  Catamenia  passed  with 
great  local  pain,  especially  in  the  loins:  —  with 
sometimes  a  membranous  discharge.  Dysme- 
norrhoea is  very  difficult  of  removal,  and  prevents 
conception.  In  the  married  female,  if  she  should 
be  able  to  pass  one  period  without  pain,  and  sub- 
sequently become  pregnant,  the  morbid  action 
may  be  broken  in  upon  by  gestation,  and  a  per- 
fect cure  be  obtained.  Change  of  air,  soon  after 
marriage,  will  sometimes  give  occasion  to  this 
desirable  result.  The  afi"ection  generally  depends 
upon  erethism  of  the  interior  of  the  uterus, 
called  into  action  at  each  catamenial  period.  The 
violence  of  the  pain  requires  the  liberal  use  of 
narcotics. 

DYSMNE'SIA,  from  S„s,  'badly,'  and  iivtim, 
'memory.'     Defective  memory. 
DYSMORPHE,  Deformation. 
DYSMORPHIA,  Deformation. 
DYSMORPHOSIS,  Deformation. 
B  YSNEPIlRONEIi  VIE,  Nephralgia. 
DYSODES,  Fetid. 

DYSO'DIA,  Byaod'mia,  Bysoa'mia,  Fattor, 
'foetor,'  from  Svs,  'badly,'  and  o^u,  'I  smell.' 
(F.)  Puanteur.  Sauvages  has  given  this  generic 
name  to  all  diseases,  characterized  by  fetid  ema- 
nations, from  whatever  part  proceeding;  —  from 
the  mouth,  nasal  fossae,  bronchia,  stomach,  axil- 
lae, groins,  Ac.  Also,  a  stench  or  stink,  Psoa. 
DYSODMIA,  Dv.sodia. 

DYSODONTI'ASIS,  Bentif'io  diffic"ilia,  from 
Svs,  '  with  difficulty,'  and  oSovnaati,  '  dentition.' 
Difficult  dentition. 

DYSONEI'ROS,  from  Svs,  'with  difficulty,' and 
oveipos,  'a  dream.'     Insomnia,  with  restlessness. 
DYSO'PIA,    properly    Byaop'eia,     Byaorn'nit, 
signifying   'shame,'   from  'Svs,  'with   difficulty,' 


DYSOPSIA 


317 


DYSTHANATOS 


and  oiTTO/iai, '  I  see.'     Difficulty  of  seeing :  obscu- 
rity of  vision. 

Dysopia  Dissitorum,  Myopia. 
Dysofma  liATKllA'LlS,  Parop'sis  latera'lin, 
Skite-niijht,  SkeiP-Hirjht,  Sight  anlcew.  Vision  only 
accurate  wiien  the  object  is  placed  obliquely. 
This  state  is  generally  caused  by  some  opacity  of 
the  cornea. 

Dysopia  Luminjs,  Nyctalopia  —  d.   Proximo- 
ruin.  Proi^bvtia — d.  Tenebrarum,  Ilemeralopia. 
DYSOPSIA,  Dysopia. 
DVSORAS[S,  Dysopia. 

DYSOIIEX'IA,  Iiioppeleii'tm,  Appeti'tua  de- 
fic"ie<"<,  from  Ivi,  '  with  difficulty,'  and  opt^ii, 
'  u]ip'-'t'fc.'     Diminution  of  appetite. 

DYOS'MIA,  from  ivi,  'with  difficulty,'  and 
aciiri.  'smell.'     Diminution  of  smell. 

DYSOSPIIRE'SIA,  D^sosphre'nis,  Di/sosphra'- 
gia,  DiiKphre'Hin,  from  5uf,  and  oa^i/riaig,  '  the  sense 
of  smell.'  A  morbid  state  of  the  sense  of  smell. 
DYSOSTO'SIS,  from  ivi,  and  outcov,  'a  bone.' 
A  fiinlty  conformation  or  morbid  condition  of 
bone. 
DYSPATHIA,  see  Serious. 
DYSPEPSIA,  from  ^ut,  '  with  difficulty,'  and 
rtrrraj,  'I  concoct.'  Limo'sin  Di/Hpep'sia,  Ano- 
rex'ia,  Apep'sia,  Brady  pep' sia,  Guntroalax'ia, 
Digen'tio  deprava'ta  seu  d>ffic"itiii  seu  IcBsa,  Gaa- 
lio-alo'uia,  Concoc'tio  tarda,  Stom'achi  renohi'tio, 
Cru'ditas,  Pnn8io  stnmach'ica,  Dyspep'iy,  Itidi- 
gea'titiit,  Difficulty  of  Digestion.  A  state  of  the 
stomach,  in  which  its  functions  are  disturbed, 
without  the  presence  of  other  diseases,  or  when, 
if  other  diseases  be  present,  they  are  of  but  minor 
importance.  The  symptoms  of  dyspepsia  are 
very  various.  Those  affecting  the  stomach  itself 
are: — loss  of  appetite:  nausea;  pain  in  the  epi- 
gastrium or  hypochondriuin  ;  heart-burn  ;  sense 
of  fulness,  or  weight  in  the  stomach  ;  acrid  or 
fetid  eructations  ;  pyrosis,  and  sense  of  fluttering 
or  sinking  at  the  pit  of  the  stomach.  The  sj'mpa- 
thctic  affections  are  of  the  most  diversified  cha- 
racter. Dyspepsia,  being  generally  of  a  functional 
nature,  is  devoid  of  danger.  AVhen  arising  from 
disease  of  the  stomach  itself,  it  is,  of  course,  more 
serious. 

It  is  usually  dependent  on  irregularity  of  living ; 
cither  in  the  quantity  or  quality  of  the  food  taken  : 
and  the  most  successful  treatment  is,  to  put  the 
patient  on  a  diet  easy  of  digestion  ;  to  combat  the 
causes,  where  such  are  apparent;  and,  by  proper 
remedies  and  regimen,  to  strengthen  the  system 
in  every  practicable  manner.  A  great  error  exists 
in  regarding  it  as  always  a  disease  of  debility. 
It  is  often  connected  with  an  inflammatory  or 
subinflamraatory  condition  of  the  raucous  lining 
of  the  stomach,  and  of  course  a  very  different 
plan  of  treatment  is  required  in  the  two  cases. 
Dyspepsia  is  often  attended  with  too  great  a  se- 
cretion of  the  gastric  acids  :  but,  on  other  occa- 
sions, they  would  appear  to  be  too  small  in  quan- 
tity, so  as  to  constitute  alkaline  indigestion  or 
neutral  indigestion, 

Dyspf.psia   Chlorosis,  Chlorosis  —  d.  Hypo- 
chondriasis,  Hypochondriasis  —  d.   Pyrosis,  Py- 
rosis, 
DYSPEPSIODYNIA,  Cardialgia. 
DYSPEPSODYNIA,  Cardialgia. 
DYSPKPSY.  Dvspepsia. 

DYSPEP'TIC,  bysjyep'ticus,  Dy<'p''p'tus,Apep'. 
tie,  Apep'ticns  ;  same  etymon.     Having  relation 
to  dyspepsia,   as   'dyspeptic  bread.'     One   who 
suffers  from  dvspepsia. 
DYSPEPTiCUS,  Dyspeptic. 
DYSPEPTODYXIA,  Cardialgia. 
DYSPEPTUS.  Dyspeptic. 

DYSPERM.\'SlA,  Dyspermatis'mus,  from  ivi, 
'with  difficulty,'  and  airtpua,  'sperm.'  Difficulty 
— sometimes  incapacity — of  voiding  the  sperm. 


DYSPERMATISMUS,  Bradyspermatismus. 
DY'SPIIA'GI.A,  Di/scatabro'sia,  Dyacatap'oaia, 
Deghitit"io  diffic"ilia,  D.  Im'sa,  D.  impedi'ta, 
from  (^uf,  'with  difficulty,'  and  0aya),  'I  eat.' 
Difficulty  of  deglutition.  Dysphagia  is  almost 
always  symptomatic,  either  of  inflammation  or 
of  other  disease  of  the  organs  of  deglutition,  or 
of  incomplete  obstruction  of  the  oesophagus,  by 
some  obstacle  within  it,  or  by  a  neighbouring 
tumour.  At  times,  it  is  produced  by  spasms  or 
paralysis  of  the  oesojihagus.  The  prognosis  and 
treatment  vary  according  to  the  cause. 
Dysphagia  Atonica,  Pharyngoplegia. 

Dyspha'gia  Constric'ta,  B.  Pharynge'a  seu 
(Eaophuge'a  scu  Callo'aa,  Strictu'ra  Pharyn'gis 
seu  CEsoph'agi  vera  seu  Callo'sa,  Stenocho' ria 
(Esoph'agi,  (Eaophagiare'tia,  LcBmosteno'sia.  Stric- 
ture of  the  pharynx  and  oesophagus  is  an  affec- 
tion which  may  be  the  result  of  pharyngitis  or 
oesophagitis;  but  more  frequently  of  malignant 
disease  in  the  parietes  of  the  tube.  The  only 
remedy  is  the  bougie. 

Dysphagia  Inflammatoria,  (Esophagitis  — 
d.  Pharyngea,  D.  Constricta — d.  (Esophagea,  D. 
Constricta — d.  Spasmodica,  (Esophagismus  —  d. 
Callosa,  D,  Constricta  —  d.  Paralytica,  ffisopha- 
goplegia,  Pharyngoplegia — d.  Nervosa,  ffisopha- 
gismus — d.  Torpida,  Pharyngoplegia — d.  Globosa, 
Angone — d.  II}'sterica,  Angone — d.  Inflammato- 
ria, Cynanche  tonsillaris  —  d.  Linguosa,  Para- 
glossa — d.  Ranula,  Ranula — d.  Uvulosa,  Staphy- 
loedema  —  d.  Scirrhosa,  Laemoscirrhus  —  d.  Spas- 
tica, CFsophagismus. 

DY^SPHO'NIA,  Dya'pliony,  from  hvi,  and  <p(i)vri, 
'the  voice.'  Difficulty  of  producing  and  articu- 
lating sounds:  voice  imperfect  or  depraved. 
Aplio'nia  (of  some). 

Dysphonia  Immoditlata  Nasalis,  Rhinopho- 
nia — d.  Immodulata  palatina,  Asaphia. 

Dl'SPHOR'IA,  Inquietn'do,  Asta'ain,  Dissatis- 
faction ;  restlessness;  suffering;  indisposition; 
from  ivs,  and  (Jtpo),  '  I  bear.' 

Dysphoria  Axxietas,  Anxiety  —  d.  Nervosa, 
Fidijets — d.  Simplex,  Fidgets. 

DYSPHOTIA,  Myopia. 

DYSPHRESIS,  Dysosphresia. 

DYSPIO'NIA,  from  6vs,  and  tiwv,  'fat.'  A 
morbid  condition  of  the  adipous  substance. 

DYSPLASMATIC,  Cacoplastic. 

DY8PLASTICUM.  Spansemic. 

Z>  YSPNEE,  Dyspnoea — d.  Cardiaque,  Asthma, 
cardiac. 

DYSPNQil'A,  from  (5uf,  and  jrvtu,  'I  breathe.' 
Psendo-asllnna,  Amphipnev'ma,  Respiru'lio  dif- 
fic"ilia  seu  hrecis  et  rara,  Brachypnrjc'a,  Retentio 
ae'rea,  Anhela'tion,  Short  breath.  Difficulty  of 
breathing,  (F.)  Dyspnee,  Conrte  Haleine.  Dysp- 
noea may  be  idiopathic  or  symptomatic.  The 
latter  accompanies  almost  all  thoracic  diseases. 
Urgent  dyspnoea  has  been  called  amphipneu'ma, 
aynpnrvevna. — Hippocrates. 

Dysp.vcea  Convulsiva,  Asthma  —  d.  Hydro- 
thoracica,  Ilydrothorax  —  d.  Physofhoracica, 
Pneumothorax — d.  Pinguedinosa,  Pursiness  —  d. 
Pneumatica,  Pneumothorax — d.  Pyothoracica, 
Empyema. 

D  YSSENTERIE,  Dysentery. 

D YSSENTERIQUE,  Dysenteric. 

DYSSIA'LIA,  from  ^uj,  and  triaXof,  'saliva.' 
A  morbid  condition  of  the  saliva. 

DY'SSY'N'ODUS,  Dysaynn'sia,  from  Svg,  and 
(TvvoSo;,  '  coition.'  Co'itua  diffic"ilia.  Difficulty 
in  coition. 

DYSSYNIISTA,  Dyssynodus. 

DYSTHAN'ATOS,  from  bvi,  and  ^avaTou 
'  death.'  That  which  causes  a  slow  and  painful 
death.  One  who  experiences  this  kind  of  death. 
— Hippocrates,  Galen. 


DYSTIIELASIA 


318 


EA  U  D'ARMAGXA  C 


DYSTHELA'SIA,  from  (5t,t,  andS/jXa^w,  'I  give 
Buck.'     Inaptitude  for  suckling. 

DYSTHEKAPEU'TOS,  Dlffieiliter  cura'bilis ; 
from  ^uj,  and  ^ipa-nua,  '  medical  treatment.'  Tliat 
which  is  difficult  of  cure. 

DYSTIIE'SIA,  from  hvi,  'badly,'  and  nV',  ^I 
am  situate.'  Di/s'thcsl>i,  Cachcjc'ia.  Morbid  habit. 
Bad  humour.     Impatience  in  disease. — Erotian. 

DYSTHET'ICA,  Cachex'iee,  Dyscranio'.,  Cach- 
ex'ics  ;  same  etymon.  A  morbid  condition  of  the 
blood  or  blood-vessels;  alone  or  connected  with  a 
morbid  state  of  other  fluids,  producing  a  diseased 
habit.  The  fourth  order  in  the  class  Hmmntica 
of  Good,  including  Plethora.  Hcemorrhngin,  &c. 

DYSTHYM'IA,  from  ivs,  and  5«^of,  'mind.' 
Depression,  Despondency.  A  bad  sign  in  acute 
diseases.     Also,  Melancholy. 

DYSTOCIA,  Mogostoc'ia,  Bradytoc'ia,  Reten'- 
tio foetus,  from  &vi,  and  roKOi,  'accouchement.' 
(F. )  Dystocie.  A  laborious  accouchement,  Lnbo'- 
rious  or  morbid  or  difficult  labour,  Parodyn'ia, 
Partus  diffic"ili8.     See  Laborious. 

Dystocia  Abortiva,  Abortion  —  d.  Dyscyesis, 
Pregnancy,  morbid — d.  Dyscyesis  extra- uterina, 
see  Pregnancy,  preternatural. 


DYST(ECIII'ASIS,  Hispid' itan,  from  ivi,  'bi.d,' 
and  aToi-)(oi,  'order.'  Irregular  position  of  the 
eye-lashes. — Forostus. 

DYSTOX'IA,  from  ivi,  and  tovos,  '  tone.'  Mor- 
bid condition  of  the  tone  of  a  tissue  or  or^an. 

DYSTROPiriA,  from  <^us,  'with  diniculty,' 
and  Tpoij>tj, '  nourishment.'  Imperfect  or  defectivo 
nutrition. 

DYSULOTUS,  Dysapulotus. 

DY'SURE'SIA,  Dysure'sis  ;  from  5u5,  and  otpij- 
aii,  'passing  the  urine.'  Defective  secretion  and 
evacuation  iif  the  urine. 

DYSU'RIA,  Dys'ury,  Uri'uce  diffl<:"ilis  e.rcre'- 
tio.  from  ivi,  '  with  difficulty,'  and  ovfiov,  'urine.' 
Stran'</ury.  (of  some.)  (F.)  Dysiiric.  Difficulty 
of  passing  the  urine.  In  this  affection  the  urino 
is  voided  with  pain,  and  a  sensation  of  heat  in 
some  part  of  the  urethra.  Dysuria  is  the  first 
degree  of  retention  of  hrine.  It  differs  from 
strangury,  in  which  the  urine  can  only  be  passed 
in  drops  and  with  great  straining. 

Dysuuia  Calculosa,  Cnlculi,  vesical  — d. 
Irritata,  Calculi  vesical  —  d.  Mucosa,  Cystir- 
rhcea. 

DYSURY,  Dysuria. 


E. 


EA(5LE-ST0NE,  ^tites. 

EAR,  Auris,  Ous,  ovi,  Ac'oe,  Sason,  eape, 
(Prov.)  Lug.  (F.)  Oreille.  The  organ  of  au- 
dition. It  is  composed  of  a  series  of  more  or  less 
irregular  cavities,  in  which  the  sonorous  rays  are 
successively  received  and  reflected,  until  they 
agitate  the  nerves  which  are  destined  to  convey 
the  impression  to  the  brain.  The  ear  is  con- 
tained partly  in  the  substance  of  the  temporal 
bone  ;  and  a  part  projects  externally,  behind  the 
joint  of  the  lower  jaw.  It  may  be  divided  into 
three  portions  ; — the  outer  or  external  ear,  formed 
by  the  auricle  and  meatus  auditorius  ;  the  middle 
ear,  comprising  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum  and 
its  dependencies  ;  and  the  internal  ear,  compre- 
hending the  three  semicircular  canals,  the  cochlea 
and  the  vestibule;  which,  together,  constitute  the 
osseous  labyrinth.  Within  the  cavity  of  this  la- 
byrinth are  contained  membranes  having  nearly 
the  shape  of  the  vestibule  and  semicircular  canals, 
but  not  extending  into  the  cochlea.  These  mem- 
branes form  the  membranous  labyrinth.  Between 
the  osseous  and  the  membranous  labyrinth  is 
situate  the  liquor  of  Cotunnius,  and  within  the 
membranous  labyrinth  is  a  fluid,  termed,  by  De 
Blainville,  vitrine  auditive,  from  its  supposed 
analogy  to  the  vitreous  humour  of  the  eye.  The 
form  of  the  membranous  vestibule  is  not  an  exact 
imitation  of  the  osseous  cavity,  being  composed 
of  two  distinct  sacs,  which  open  into  each  other, 
—  the  one  termed  the  Sac'culus  vestib'uli ;  the 
other  Sac'culus  Each  sac  contains  in  its  interior 
a  small  mass  of  white  calcareous  matter  resem- 
bling powdered  chalk,  which  seems  to  be  sus- 
pended in  the  fluid  of  the  sacs  by  means  of  a 
number  of  nervous  filaments  proceeding  from  the 
auditory  nerve.  These  are  the  otoconiea  and 
otolithee  of  Breschet. 

The  auditory  nerve  is  distributed  to  the  cavi- 
ties of  the  internal  ear. 

EAR-DOCTOR.  Aurist  — e.  Flap,  Proptoma 
auricularum — e.  Keeker,  Tonsil. 

EARNING,  Rennet. 

EAR-PICK,   Otoy'lyphie,   Otocjhjphum,    CocW- 


lear  auricnla're,  Anriscal'pium,  (F.)  Cnre-oreille. 
A  species  of  small  scoop,  used  for  extracting; 
hardened  cerumen  from  the  meatus  auditoriun 
externus ;  or  to  remove  foreign  bodies  from  the 
ear.  If  carelessly  used,  it  is  apt  to  excite  inflam- 
mation of  the  tube. 

EAR-SURGEON,  Anrist— e.  Surgery,  Otiatria. 

EAR-TRUMPET,  Tubus  acus'ticus,Aci(s'liciim 
Gornn,  (F.)  Cornet  acoustique.  An  instrument  for 
collecting  sound  and  increasing  its  intensity, u.^ed 
by  those  who  are  hard  of  hearing.  It  is,  com- 
monly, a  kind  of  cone,  formed  of  silver,  tin,  or 
elastic  gum,  the  base  of  which  is  turned  towards 
the  person  who  is  speaking,  and  the  apex  placed 
in  the  entrance  of  the  meatus  auditorius  externus. 

EARWAX,  Cerumen. 

EARWIG.  Forficnla  auricularia. 

EARTH  CLUB,  Orobanche  Americana. 

Eauth,  Fuller'.s,  Cimolia  purpureseens. 

Eakth  Gall,  Veratrum  viride. 

Earth,  Hkavy,  Baryta — e.  Japan,  Catechu— 
e.  Lemnian,  Terra  Lemnia. 

Earth  Nut,  Pignut,  Buniinn  bulbocastanum. 

Earth,  Pondkroi's,  Baryta — e.  Samian,  Sanii 
terra — e.  Sealed, Terra  sigilla ta — e.Talc,Magnesia. 

EASTNINGWORT,  Scabious. 

EATABLE,  Esculent. 

EATIN-BERRIES.  see  Juniperus  communis. 

EAU,  Water — e.  d'Aix-la-Chajjelle,  see  Aix- 
la-Chnpelle. 

EAU  l/ALIBOUR.  This  compound  is  made 
of  sulphate  (if  zinc,  and  s)iljjh(ite  of  copper,  each 
5J  ;  camphor,  ten  grains;  saff'ron,  four  grains; 
mater,  four  fluidmuices.  Einpl')yed  in  chronic 
inflammation  of  the  evelids,  and  as  a  vulnerary. 

EAU  DE  L' AMNIOS,  Liquor  amnii  — <■• 
d' Amandes  amlres.  Aqua  amygdalarum  conc.en- 
trata. 

EAU  ANTIPUTRIDE  DE  liEAUFOUT. 
Mineral  lemonade  prepared  with  sulphuric  acid. 

EAU  D'An.VAGXAO,  Tinctura  cinnamomi 
composita — e.  de  liataruc,  Balaruc  waters— e.  ''« 
Bareges,  Bar6ges  water  —  e.  de  Binelli,  Aqu^ 
Bineliii  —  e.  Blanche,  Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis 


EAU  DE  COLOGNE 


310 


ECCOPE 


(lilntus  —  e.  de  lionferme,  Tinctura  cinnamotni 
coiiipositii — e.  de  Boiiueii,  Bonnes,  iniiieriil  waters 
of — e.  dc  Jldule,  see  Ferruni  tiirtarizutuni — e.  de 
J',<iitrbinnie-leii-li<iinH,  Bourboniie-les-Bains,  nii- 
uuriil  waters  of — e.  de  JJroccliieii,  Aqua  Brocchi- 
erii  —  e.  dim  Cormen,  see  Melissa — e.  de  Chaux, 
Li(|uor  ciik'is — e.  de  Chaux  coinponee,  Liquor  cal- 
cis  (■oiiii)ositu8. 

EAU  DE  COLOGNE,  Cologne  water.  A  cele- 
brated iierlume,  so  called  from  the  place  where  it 
is  made.  The  following  is  one  formula:  Oil  of 
benjiiniot,  ^uj  ;  Oil  of  lemon,  "^Vy,  Oil  of  Liireii- 
dei-,  )5'>'ss  ;  Oil  ofiinndi,  ^''Ss  J  Oil  of  oi-iijiiunm, 
.•^'j  I  Oil  if  roHemdry,  ^]  ;  Ensenre  <f  vniiilla,  ^V)  ; 
Munk,  ten  grains  ;  Rectified  spirit,  Oxiij  ;  Jtoxe- 
wiiler,  Oij  ;  Orauije-fioirer  writer,  0,j.  Macerate 
for  fourteen  days,  and  filter. 

EAU  DE  CUIVRE  AMMONIACALE,  Li- 
quor eupri  amnioniati  —  e.  Distillee,  Water,  dis- 
tilled—  e.  de  Eontaine,  AVater,  spring — e.  des 
Foiitdiuea  de  la  3f<ireynerie,  Rouen,  mineral  wa- 
ters of — e.  contre  la  Gaiii/rhie,  Liquor  hydrargyri 
liitrici — e.  de  Goudron,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — e.  de 
Goulard,  Liquor  plumbi  suhacetatis  dilutus. 

EAUIIEMASTATIQUE  DE  TISSERAND, 
Eau  de  Tinnerand.  A  hemastatic  water,  reputed 
to  possess  the  same  properties  as  the  Aqua  Broc- 
chierii.  It  may  be  [)repare<l  by  digesting  dragon's 
blood,  and  turpentine  (f  the  Vosges  in  water. 

EAU  D'HUSSON,  Vinum  colchici— e.  des 
IJi/dropirjiies,  Serum  of  serous  membranes  —  e. 
HydrosnlfnrSe  simple.  Hydros  ulphuretted  water. 
EAU  DE  J  A  VELLE,  Bleaching  liquid,  Aqua 
ulkali'nn  oxymuriat' ica,  Liibarraque's  Sidution, 
(Common  salt,  tbij  ;  black  oxide  of  manganese, 
ibj  ;  water.  Ibij.  Put  into  a  retort,  and  add,  gra- 
dually, o(7o/t)i(c/o/,  Ibij.  Pass  the  vajxiur  through 
a  solution  oi  subearbonnte  of  potasH<t  ^\\]  in  water 
^^xxix,  applying  heat  towards  the  last.  S.  g. 
L087.)  It  is  stimulant,  detergent,  and  antiseptic, 
— applied  e.xternally. 

EAU  DE  LAC,  Water,  lake. 
EAU  DE  LECHELLE.  A  hwmostatio  water, 
prepared  bj'  macerating,  in  water,  various  aroma- 
tic and  astringent  herbs,  flowers  find  roots,  with 
lar,  and  distilling  the  same.  It  has  been  given 
internally,  in  hemorrhage,  and  used,  also,  as  an 
external  styptic. 

EAU  DE  LUCE,  Spiritus  aramoniaB  succina- 
tus — e.  Magnesienne,  Magnesia,  fluid  —  e.  de 
Marnis,  Water,  marsh  —  e.  Medicinale  d'Husson, 
see  C'olchicuin  autumnale,  Vinum  colchici,  and 
Vcratrine,  sulphate  of — e.  Medicinale  nuturelle. 
Water,  mineral — e.  de  Mer,  Water,  sea — e.  Mer- 
curielle.  Liquor  hydrargyri  nitrici  —  e.  JfinSrale, 
Water,  mineral  —  e.  dc  Monterossi,  Aqua  Binellii 
—  e.  de  A'<iples,  Naples  water,  factitious  —  c.  de 
Neige,  Water,  snow — e.  de  Pagliari,  Ha'Uiostatic, 
Pagliari's — e.  de  Pluie,  Water,  rain — e.  de  Potasse, 
Liquor  potassae  —  e.  de  Puit,  Water,  well  —  e.  de 
Jialul,  Kiixir  acidum  Halleri — e.  Regale.  Nitro- 
niuriatic  acid — e.  Salee,  Water,  sea — e.  de  Source, 
Water,  well  —  e.  Sti/ptique  de  lirocc.hieri,  Aqua 
Brocchicrii  —  e.  Sncrfe,  Hydro-saccharum  —  e.  de 
Tixstr.inii,  Eau  hemastatique  de  Tisserand  —  e. 
Vfgfto-minfnde,  Liijuor  Plumbi  suhacetatis  dilu- 
tus— c.  de  Vichy,  Vichy  water — e.  de  \'ie.  Brandy 
— e.  de  Vie  Allemantle,  Tinctura  jalapii  composita 
— e.  de  Vie  Camphrfe,  Spiritus  caniphorse. 

EAUX,  LES,  Liquor  amnii  —  e.  Chaudes, 
Ai'iui's-caudes  —  e.  Ne/iatiques,  Waters,  mineral, 
sulfurenus  —  e.  Miuf  rales  artificielles.  Waters, 
mineral,  artificial — e.  M inf rales  faclices.  Waters, 
mineral,  artificial  —  e.  Mluiralea  ferrugincuses. 
Waters,  mineral,  gaseous,  ifec.  —  e.  Minirales 
gnieuses  ou  acidules.  Waters,  mineral,  gaseous,  ic. 
—  e.  iliuirales  salines,  Waters,  mineral,  saline  — 


e.  Minirales  sidfnrenses,  Waters,  mineral,  sulfu- 
reous — e.  Snlfnrecs,  Waters,  mineral,  sult'ureous. 
KBEAUPIN.  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  An 
acidulous  chalybeate,  in  the  department  of  Loire 
luferieure,  near  Nantes. 

EBL 0  UfSSEMENT,  Dazzling. 
EBRIECA'SUM,  from  ebrius,  'drunk.'    A  term 
employed  by  Paracelsus  to  denote  a  disturbance  of 
the  reason,  similar  to  what  occurs  in  drunkenness. 
EBRIETAS,  Temulentia. 
EBRIOSITAS,  Temulentia. 
EBULLITIO,  Ebullition,  Strophulus  — e.  Sto- 
machi,  Ardor  ventriculi,  Pyrosis. 

EBULLIT"ION,  EbuUi't"io,  ^stuat"io,Anaz'- 
esis,  Causis,  from  ebullire,  (c  and  bullire),  'to 
bubble  up.'  Boiling ;{¥.)  Bunillonnement.  The 
motion  of  a  li(iuid,  by  which  it  gives  off  bubbles 
of  vapour,  by  lieat  or  fermentation.  The  boiling 
point  of  liquids  varies  according  to  the  pressure 
to  which  they  are  subjected.  For  the  point  of 
ebullition  of  different  substances,  see  Heat. 

Ebullition  is  used  in  France,  in  a  vague  man- 
ner, for  every  kind  of  transient  eruption  of  the 
skin,  occurring  without  fever  or  with  a  slight 
febrile  attack. 

EBFLUS,  Sambucus  ebulus. 

EBUR,  Ivorv.  see  Tooth. 

EBURNEATIO.  Eburnilication. 

EBIIRNIFICA'TION,  Ebumificn'tio,  Ebnr- 
nca'tio,  Eburna'tion,  from  ebnr,  'ivory,'  and  ^o, 
'  to  he  made.'  An  incrustation  of  the  cartilages 
of  articular  surfaces  of  bones  with  phosphate  of 
lime,  which  gives  them  the  whiteness  and  hard- 
ness of  ivory  ; — Cartilages  ehurnes. 

EC,  (before  a  vowel.  Ex,)  t<,  tf,  'out  of,  from, 
of.'     Hence,  Ecchymoma,  Eclectic,  <fec. 

ECAILLE,  Scale. 

ECAILLES  D'lIUITRES,  Ostrcse  testae. 

ECAILLEUX,  Squamous. 

ECBALIA  ELATERIUM,  Momordica  elatc- 
rium. 

ECBALTUM  AGRESTE,  Momordica  elate- 
riuni — e.  Officinarnm,  Momordica  elaterium. 

ECBESOMENON,  Eventus. 

ECBLOMA,  see  Abortion. 

ECBOLE,  Abortion. 

ECBOLIC,  Abortive. 

ECBOLICUS,  Abortive. 

ECBOLIUM  ELATERIUM,  Momordica  ela- 
terium. 

ECBOLIUS,  Abortive. 

ECBRAS'MATA,  from  «/?/)a^co,  'I  boil  up.' 
Ecchym'ata.  Hippocrates  uses  the  word  for  cer- 
tain burning  eruptions. 

ECCATHARTICUS,  Cathartic. 

ECCEPHALO'SIS,  Excercbra'tio,  Cephalo- 
tnm'ia,  from  tic,  and  Kt<fia>.r),  'head.'  The  removal 
of  the  brain  of  the  child  to  facilitate  delivery. 

ECCHELYSIS,  Expectoration. 

ECCIIORESIS,  Defecation. 

ECCIIYLOMA,  Succus  expressus. 

ECCHYMATA,  Ecbrasmata. 

ECCllYMO'MA,  Ecchymo'sis.  Pelidno'ma,  Pe- 
lio'ma,  HypcB'ma,  hypoce'ma,  Bypoa'mia,  from 
CK,  and  x^f"^'  'ju'<'^i'  'humour;'  Effu'sio,  Exsuc- 
ca'tio.  Siiffu'tio  san'guinis.  A  livid,  black,  or 
yellow  spot,  Liror  sanguin'eus,  produced  by  blood 
effused  into  the  areolar  tissue  from  a  contusion. 
Spontaneous  effusions,  occurring  as  the  result  of 
disease  or  after  death,  are  called  snggillations. 

EcciiVMOMA  Artet!I09cm,  See  Aneurism — e. 
Capitis  recens  natorum,  Cephala^matotna  —  e. 
liyponychon,  Hyponychon  —  e.  Lymphaticum, 
Plilegmaiia  dolens — e.  Melasma,  Melasma. 

ECCHY.MOSIS,  Ecchymoma. 

ECCIIYSIS,  Efl"usion. 

ECCLISIS,  Luxation. 

ECCOPE,   Ec'tumc,   Ectom'ia,   from    ck,    and 


ECCOPEUS 


320 


ECLAMPSIA 


Koirrciv,  'to  cut.'  The  act  of  cutting  out:  also, 
a  perpendicular  division  of  the  cranium  by  a 
cuttiiifi  instrument.     See  Entaille. 

ECCOP'EUS.  Same  etymon.  A  knife  or  in- 
strument for  cutting.  An  ancient  instrument  — 
the  rnnpatnry — used  in  trepanning. 

ECCOPROSIiESTHE'SISJrora  £»c, -forrpos, '  ex- 
crement.' and  aiaQttaii,  '  sensation.'  The  sensa- 
tion or  desire  to  evacuate  the  bowels. 

ECrOPROSIS,  Defecation. 

ECCOPROT'lC, Eccoprot'iciisi,Ectoprof'ic, from 
£?,  and  (co.Tpof,  'e.xcrement.'  Mild  purgatives  or 
laxatives,  whose  operation  is  confined  to  simply 
clearing  out  the  intestinal  canal. 

ECCORTHAT'ICUS,  from  ik,  and  KopOuto,  '  I 
collect.'  An  ancient  epithet  for  remedies  to 
which  was  attributed  the  property  of  evacuating 
collections  of  humours. 

ECCRINOL'OGY,  Eccrinnlng"{a,  Eccrisio- 
log"ia.  from  cKKoivit),  {ck,  and  Kptv<i>,)  '  I  separate,' 
and  Xoyoi,  '  a  discourse.'  A  treatise  on  the  secre- 
tions. 

ECCRISIOLOOtIA,  Eccrinology. 

ECCRISION'OSI,  EccfinioHu'si,.  from  cKKptats, 
'excretion,'  and  voao;,  'disease.'  Diseases  of 
excretion. 

ECCRISIOS'CHESIS,  from  eKKpicis,  'excre- 
tion,'and  (T;)(;£(7if, 'retention.'  Arrest  or  retention 
of  excretions ;  or  of  a  critical  evacuation. 

ECCRISIS,  Excretion. 

ECCRIT'ICA.  Diseases  of  the  excornent 
functions.  The  6th  class  in  Good's  Nosology. 
Also,  medicines  that  act  on  the  excernent  system. 
Eliminnn'tia,  EUm'inatives. 

ECCYESIS,  Pregnancy,  extra-uterine — e.  Ab- 
dominalis,  Pregnancy,  abdominal  —  e.  Ovaria, 
Pregnancy,  ovarial — e.  Tubalis,  Pregnancy,  tubal. 

ECCYLIO'SIS,  from  «,  and  (cuXiciv,  'to  turn 
round.'  Murbus  evolutio' nia.  A  disease  of  evo- 
lution or  development. 

ECDEMIOMA'NIA,  Ecdemion'osusjrova  ckSv- 
lieui,  'I  travel  about,'  and  ixnvia,  '  mania.'  A  mor- 
bid desire  to  be  travelling  about. 

ECDEMIONOSUS,  Eedemiomania. 

EC'DORA,  from  ck,  and  6cpu>,  '  I  flay.'  Anad'- 
ora,  Exroria'tio.  Excoriation  in  general,  but 
more  especially  of  the  urethra. 

EC'DYSIS,  from  t/c^uw,  (ex,  and  ivia,)  'Tpi»toff.' 
Moulting  of  the  skin  of  animals.     Desquamation. 

ECHALOTTE,  Eschalotle,  Al'luim  Axcaton'. 
iciim,  Cepn  Axcalnn' ica.  The  schaUot' .  A  species 
of  allium,  employed  in  culinary  preparations. 

ECHANORURE  (F.)  Emargiua'tio,  Emnrgi- 
tiatu'ra,  Incisti'ra.  A  French  word  employed  by 
anatomists  to  designate  depressions  and  notches 
of  various  shapes,  observed  on  the  surface  or 
edges  of  bones. 

ECHANORURE  ETHMOYDALE  is  on  the 
nasal  bone,  which  unites  with  the  ethmoid.  See 
Ethmoid. 

ECRANCRURE  N AS  ALE,  Nmnl  Notch,  be- 
longs to  the  OS  frontis,  and  is  articulated  with  the 
bones  of  the  nose. 

ECHANORURE  PAROTIDIENNE  is  a 
triangular  space,  comprised  between  the  paroti- 
dean  edge  of  the  inferior  maxillary  bone  and  the 
mastoid  process,  so  called  because  it  lodges  the 
parotid  gland. 

ECHANORURE  SCAPULAIRE,l^otch,  sca- 
pular— €.  Scintique  graiide,  see  Sciatic  Notch — i. 
Seiotlqne  petite,  see  Sciatic  Notch. 

ECHARDE,  Splinter. 

ECHARPE,  Sling. 

ECHARPE  GRANDE  et  E.  MO  YEN,  see 
Sling — e.  de  J.  L.  Petit,  see  Sling — e.  Petite,  see 
Sling. 

ECHAUBOULURES    (F.)     Echanlouillure. 


Siidam'ina,  Hidro'a.  A  word  whose  raenning  is 
not  fixed.  It  is  applied  to  any  eruption  on  llio 
surface  of  the  body,  accompanied  with  pricking 
and  other  uneasy  !<cnsations. 

ECHA  UFFA  N  TS,  Cal  e  facicn  ts. 

EGHA  UFFE.MENS,  Chafing. 

ECHAUFFEMENT  (F.),  Onlefnc'tio,  E.rcah. 
fac'tio,  from  (F.)  echitiijf'ei;  [calcj'avere,)  'to  niako 
w.arm.'  Augmentation  of  heat  in  the  aniuuil 
economy;  the  symptoms  of  which  are  a  more 
than  ordinary  sensation  of  heat,  dit^posilion  to 
perspiration,  great  thirst,  general  indisposition, 
flushed  countenance,  &c.  It  goes  off  by  the  use 
of  antiphlogistics  and  abstinence.  In  the  vulgar 
language  it  is  often  used  synonymously  with  co»- 
stipatioii,  and  sometimes  for  simple  gonorrhoea, 
and  for  chafing. 

ECHECOL'LON,  from  t;^a.,  'I  have,'and»to>Aa, 
'glue.'  Echccolliim.  Any  topical  glutinous  re- 
medy. — Gorra3us,  Galen. 

ECHELLES  DU  LIMAgON,  Scalaj  of  the 
cochlea. 

ECHENEIS,  Remora  Ilildani. 

ECHETROSIS,  Bryonia  alba. 

ECHID'NA  OCELLA'TA.  Brown  ten-inch. 
long  viper.  A  most  formidable  viper  in  the 
forests  of  Peru,  the  bite  of  which  is  so  rapidly 
fatal,  that  it  kills  a  strong  man  in  two  or  three 
minutes.     Tschudi. 

ECIIINA'CEA  PURPU'REA,  from  ^x^voi,  the 
hedge  hog,  owing  to  the  spiny  chaff  of  the  round- 
ish disk.  Pitrjjle  Coneftower,  Black  Sfimpnoii ;  of 
the  Composite  Family  ;  indigenous  in  Ohio  and 
westward;  its  dull  purple  flowers  appearing  in 
July.  The  root  is  aromatic,  and  used  popularly 
as  a  carminative. 

EOHINE,  Vertebral  column. 

ECHINOCOCCUS,  HOxMINIS,  see  Worms- 
e.  Humanus,  Hydatid. 

ECHINODERMI,  Porcupine  men. 

ECHINOGLOSSUM,  Ophioglossum  vulgatum. 

ECHINOPIITHAL'MIA,from£;;^ivos. 'ahedge- 
hog,'  and  o(pSa'Sfiia,  'inflammation  of  the  eye.' 
Ophthalmia  of  the  eyelids,  in  which  the  cilia  pro- 
ject like  the  quills  of  the  hedgehog. 

ECHI'NOPS,  from  exivos,  'hedgehog,'  and 
(ij-J/,  'appearance.'  Orocodil'ion,  Acnnthal'zwd, 
Scahio'na  cardulfo'lin,  SphcBroceph'iiln  dn'tior, 
Echi'nopus,  Echinopa  Sphmroceph'alim,  Glnhe 
thistle.  The  root  and  seeds  are  reputed  to  be 
moderately  diuretic. 

ECHINOPUS,  Eohinops. 

ECHINUS  SCANDENS,  Allamanda. 

ECHITES  DIFFORMIS,  Forsterania  diffor- 
mis — e.  Suberecta,  see  Curare. 

ECHOS,  Sound,  Tinnitus  aurium. 

ECHOSCOPE.  Auscultation. 

ECHOSCOPIUM,  Stethoscope. 

ECHTHYSTEROCYESIS,  Pregnancy,  extra- 
uterine. 

ECLACTIS'MA,  Eclamp'sis,  Eclnmp'mn,  Epi- 
lamp'aia,  Effulgescen'tia,  from  ticAaifTi^a),  '  I  kicli.' 
!  Epilepsy  is  often  accompanied  with  flashings  of 
'  light ;  and  hence  Hippocrates  has  used  the  \»»t 
two  words  for  epilepsy.     They  have  all  been  ap- 
plied to  convulsions. 
I      ECLAIRE,    Chelidonium    majus  — ^.  Pe(i(e, 
Ranunculus  Dearia. 

ECLAMP'SIA,  from  «Xa,i\I/ts,  [ck,  and  UpH 
I  'I  shine,')  'brilliancy.'  Flashes  of  light  befuie 
1  the  eyes.  See  Eclactisma.  Convulsion,  as  the 
;  convulsions  of  children,  Eclamp'sict  i\if(in'tmn, 
I  Epilej}' aia  acu'ta  in/an' turn  sea  febri' lis  iiif'iii'tiiin 
j  se\l})neri'lis,{F.)  Convuhions  des  Enfant,  Ei-l<">^p- 
;  aie,  but  probably  from  e/c,  and  Xap^am,  >^ap^opat, 
'  to  seize  hold  of.' 

I        ECLAMP'siA      GrAVIDA'RUM     ET     PaRTURIEN'- 
,  TIUM;    Puerperal    Couvuhions,    (F.)    ConvuUioM 


ECLAMPSIE  DES  EX  FANS     321 


£CROUELLES 


den  fenimea  enceintes  et  en  couche.     Convulsions 
of  pregnant  and  parturient  women. 

EcLAMi'SiA  Infantum,  see  Eehiinpsia — e.  Nu- 
tans, Convulsion,  Salaam  —  e.  Typhodes,  Ra- 
phania. 

ECLAMPSIE  DES  ENFANS,  Eclampsia 
infantinn. 

ECLECTIC,  (PHYSICIANS,)  i5;c;cc'<»ctJI/erf'- 
xci,  from  tfcXtyw,  {ck,  and  Atyw,)  'I  choose.'    A  sect 
of   physicians,  vfho   professed    to    choose,    from 
other  sects,  all  the  opinions  which  appeared  to 
tliem  best  founded.     Agathinus  of  Sparta,  master 
of  Archigenes  of  Apamica,  in  Syria,  was  its  re- 
puted founder;  and  Archigenes  and  Aretsous  were 
its  greatest  ornaments.     The  doctrine  was  called 
Eclec'liam,     Eclectis'tnns,     Ifedici'na     eclec'tica, 
Eclectic   med'icine.     Every   judicious    physician 
must  be  an  eclectic. 
ECLECTISM,  see  Eclectic. 
ECLEC'TOS,  Fcfi/j'yna,  Eliy'ma,  EUx'ia,  Lam- 
liti'vniii,  LinctiiH,  Linctiin'ii urn,  from  eKXnX"),  {tK, 
and  X£i;^u>,) 'I  lick.'     (F.)   Looch.     A   medicine, 
of  a  tliicii,  syrupy  consistence,  chiefly  used   to 
allay  cough,  and  consisting  of  pectoral  remedies. 
It  was  formerly  sucked  from  the  end  of  a  liquo- 
rice stick,  made  into  a  kind  of  pencil;  hence  its 
name  Linclun,  from   lin(/ere,  '  to  lick.'     Although 
the  linctus  is  usually  exhibited  in  thoracic  affec- 
tions, it  may  have  tonic  virtues  combined  with  it. 
ECLECMA  ALBUM,  Looch  album— e.  Gum- 
inosi)-ohM)siim.  Looch  album. 
ECLEIPISIS,  Desquamation,  Exfoliation. 
ECLEPISIS,  Desquamation,  Exfoliation. 
ECLEPISITREPANON,  E.\foliative  trepan. 
ECLIGMA,  Eclectos. 
ECLIMIA,  Boulimia. 
ECLIPSIS,  Syncope. 
MCLISSE,  Splint. 
ECLYSES,  AdynamisB. 

EC'LYSIS,  Exsoln'tio  ;  from  ckKvw,  'I  loosen.' 
Resolution,  prostration  of  strength  ;  faintness. 
Et'i.Ysis  Pnkumo-caudiaca,  Asphyxia. 
ECiMYZESIS,  Exsuctio. 
ECNffiA,  Dementia. 
ECOLE,  School. 

ECON'OMY,  (Econnm'in,  from  octin,  'a  house,' 
'a  family,'  and  I'tTJw,  'I  rule.'  By  the  term  ani- 
mal ecciKiDiij  is  understood, — the  aggregate  of  the 
laws  which  govern  the  organism.  The  word  eco- 
nomy is,  also,  used  for  the  aggregate  of  parts 
which  constitute  man  or  animals. 

ECORCE,  Cortex  —  L  Cai-iocosiine,  Canella 
alba — ^.  Eleutherienne,  see  Croton  cascarilla — i. 
de  Saint  Lucie,  CincbonaB  CaribaJiB  cortex  —  e. 
de  Winter,  sec  Wintera  aromatica — e.  Futisse  de 
Winter,  Canella  alba. 
iGOnCHURES,  Chafing,  Excoriation. 
ECOULEMENT,  Discharge,  Gonorrhoea— ^. 
Blanc,  Leucorrhoea  —  e.  de  Sanr/  par  I'Intestin, 
Ilwraatochezia. 

ECOUVlLLOy,  sec  Econvillnnnement. 
ECOVVILLONNEMENT  (F.),  from  econ- 
villim,  '  a  kind  of  mop,  the  sponge  of  a  gun.'  A 
term  used  by  the  French  therapeutists  for  the 
act  of  cleansing  or  applying  remedies  to  a  part 
by  means  of  a  mop  or  brush  fixed  to  the  end  of  a 
piece  of  whalebone.    Such  mop  or  brush  is  termed 

Ecourilltin. 

ECPilLnonSTS,  inflammation. 

ECPHLYSIS,  Vesicula  — e.  Herpes,  Herpes— 
e.  Herpes  circinatus,  Herpes  circinatus — e.  Her- 
pes exedens,  Herpes  cxcdens — e.  Herpes  miliaris. 
Herpes  phlycta'uodes — c.  Herpes  zoster,  Herpes 
foster  —  e.  Pompholyx,  Pompbolyx  —  e.  Rhypia, 
Rupia. 

ECPHRACTIC,  Deobstruent. 

ECPIIK.VX'IS,  from  cKfpaaant,  'I  remove  ob- 
21 


struction.'  The  action  of  ecpbractic  or  deob- 
struent remedies. 

ECPHRONIA,  Insanity— e.  Melancholia,  Me- 
lancholy. 

ECPIIYAS,  Appendix  vermiformis  cseci. 

ECPHYMA,  Excrescence,  Tumour — e.  Callus, 
Callosity  —  e.  Caruncula,  Caruncle — e.  Clavus, 
Corn  —  e.  (Edematicum,  (Edema,  Phlegmatia  do- 
lens — e.  Physconia,  Physcouia  —  e.  Trichoma, 
Plica — e.  Verruca,  Verruca. 

ECPHYMATA,  Rubeola. 

ECPHYSE'SIS,  EJJia'tio,  Effln'tm,  from  tK<^v- 
aau>,  '  I  breathe  through.'  Ej-mijffla'tio.  A  quicll 
and  forced  expulsion  of  air  from  the  lungs. 

ECPHYSIS,  Apophysis  —  e.  Ventriculi,  Duo- 
denum. 

ECPIES'MA,  from  tK^ui,u>,  (ik,  and  ntju,)  'I 
compress.'  Effractu'ra,  Jnipac'tion,  DeccH'nii). 
A  fracture  of  the  cranium,  with  depression  of  the 
fragments  and  compression  of  the  brain. 

ECPIES'MOS,  Expres'sio,  Ex'itus,  Eopiei'- 
mon,  same  etymon.  Celsus  uses  these  words  to 
signify  the  forcing  of  the  eye  from  the  orbitar 
cavity,  with  apparent  but  not  real  augmentation 
of  the  organ.     See  Exophthalmia. 

ECPLERO'MA,  from  tK,  and  vrXtpou,  '  I  fill.' 
A  cushion,  n  pud.  Hippocrates  means,  by  tliis 
term,  a  small  pad  or  ball  of  leather,  or  other 
substance  intended  to  fill  the  hollow  of  the  arm- 
pit; used  probably  in  reducing  luxations  of  the 
shoulder. 

ECPLEXIA,  Stupor. 

ECPLEXIS,  Stupor. 

ECPNEUMATOSIS,  Expiration. 

ECPNEUSIS,  Expiration. 

ECPNOE,  Expiration. 

ECPTO'MA,  Fcjjto'sis,  Exciden'tia ;  from  ck- 
TiTTTu,  (t/c,  and  iriirToi,)  'I  fall  out.'  This  word 
has  been  used  in  various  senses,  1.  Synony- 
mously with  luxation.  2.  For  the  separation  of 
grangrenous  parts.  3.  For  the  expulsion  of  the 
secundines.  4.  For  the  prolapsus  of  the  womb: 
and  5.  For  intestinal  or  omental  hernia,  <tc. 

ECPTOSIS,  Luxation. 

ECPYCTICA,  Inerassantia. 

ECPYEAIA,  Abscess,  Suppuration,  Empyema. 

ECPYESIS,  Abscess,  Empyema,  Pustule  —  e. 
Impetigo,  Impetigo — e.  Porrigo,  Porrigo — e.  Por- 
rigo  Crustacea,  Porrigo  larvalis — e.  Porrigo  favosa. 
Porrigo  favosa  —  e.  Porrigo  furfuracea,  Porrigo 
furfurans  —  e.  Porrigo  galeata,  Porrigo  scutulata 
— e.  Porrigo  lupinosa,  Porrigo  lupinosa — e.  Sca- 
bies, Psora. 

ECPYETICUS,  Suppurative. 

ECPYISCOXTUS,  Suppurative. 

ECRASEUR,  'a  crusher,'  from  ecrnser,  'to 
crush.'  A  surgical  instrument  invented  by  M. 
Chassaignac,  of  Paris,  which  consists  of  a  steel 
chain,  like  that  of  a  chain-saw  devoid  of  teeth, 
which  is  attached  at  both  ends  to  a  steel  mandril, 
which  passes  through  a  hollow  steel  cylinder. 
The  tightening  of  the  chain  is  made  slowly  and 
with  great  force,  and  in  the  last  modification  of 
the  instrument  is  eff'ected  by  an  endless  screw 
with  a  lever  handle,  working  on  a  nut  cogged  on 
its  outer  side,  which  plays  on  a  thread  cut  on 
the  mandril.  The  slow  bruising  it  makes  is  said 
to  be  rarely  followed  by  hemorrhage,  even  in  the 
case  of  hemorrhoids,  and  other  vascular  tumours. 

ECREVrSSE,  Crab. 

ECREX'IS,  Ihiptn'ra,  from  txprtyvvm,  (ck,  and 
pjjyvu^t,)  'to  break.'     Rupture,  laceration. 

ECRHYTH'MUS,  «,  and  pv^/xos,  'rhythm.' 
A  term  applied  to  the  pulse,  particularly  when 
irregular. — Galen. 

ECROE,  Discharge, 

EJCROUELLES,  Scrofula — i.  JIhcnteriquea, 
Tabes  mesenterica. 


ECRYSIS 


3  2  2 


ECZEMA 


ECRYSIS,  from  t/cpeu,  'I  run  from.'  A  dis- 
charge. 

ECSARCO'MA,  from  «,  and  aap^,  'flesh.  A 
fleshy  excrescence  of  various  kinds.  See  Fun- 
gosity,  anil  Sarcoma. 

ECSESMA.  Eczema. 

EC'STASIS,  from  c^tcTrjfii,  (tf,  and  tarriiii.)  'I 
am  beside  myself.'  An  ec'fttaci/  or  tivvice,  Cartis 
f'c'stdiix,  Odt'ucfiiis,  Ex'ntaais,  Catnlep'sia  spu'ria, 
Hi/pfirj)lexie,  (F.)  Extase.  A  state  in  which  cer- 
tain ideas  so  completely  absorb  the  mind,  that  the 
external  sensations  are  suspended,  the  voluntary 
movements  arrested,  and  even  the  vital  action 
retarded.  In  catalepsy,  there  is,  in  addition,  com- 
plete suspension  of  the  intellectual  faculties. 
This  last  condition  is  in  general  described  as 
trance.     See,  also,  luxation. 

ECSTROPHE,  Exstrophia. 

ECTASIA,  Aneurism — e.  Venarum,  Varix. 

ECTASIS.  Extension,  Expansion. 

Ec'tasis  I'lunis,  is  the  extension  or  expansion 
of  the  iris,  which  occasions  diminution  of  the  pupil. 

ECTEXIS,  Colliquation. 

E  C  T II  E  TOBREPHOTROPHEUM,  Brepho- 
tropheum. 

ECTIILIM'MA,  Exideern'tio,  from  eK&\i0u>,  'I 
express.'  'I  bruise.'  Attrition.  Chafing,  or 
excoriation,  produced  by  external  violence. — 
Ilippocrotes. 

ECTHLIPSIS,  Expression. 

ECTHYMA  or  ECTHY'MA,  from  oc^uoi,  'I 
break  out.'  Ecpi/e'sin,  Plili/vii  ecthj/ma.Phlyza'ci'a 
a'gria,  Sen'biex  Vera,  Fnriui'ciili  iilon'ici.  Pup' tt- 
lous  Seal!,  (F.)  Dartre  cruitncee,  D.  /uiifjneuse.  A 
cutaneous  eruption,  characterized  by  large  round 
pustules,  always  distinct  and  seated  upon  an  indu- 
rated and  highly  inflamed  base.  In  the  course 
of  a  day  or  two  the  pustules  generally  break,  and 
olive-brown  incrustations  are  formed  which  ad- 
here firmly  to  the  skin.  These  separate  in  about 
a  fortnight.  The  disease  requires  the  antiphlo- 
gistic treatment.  Under  the  Ecthipnata,  Vogel 
has  designated  certain  hard,  unequal  tumours 
which  appear  transitorily  on  the  skin.  See  Ef- 
floreseenee,  Exanthem,  and  Pustule. 

ECTIIYSTEROCYESIS,  Pregnancy,  e.xtra- 
Uterine. 

ECTILLOTICUS,  Depilatory. 

ECTILMOS,  Evulsion. 

ECTOME,  Castration,  Eecope,  Entaille,  Ex- 
cision. 

ECrOMIA,  Castration,  Eecope. 

ECTOMIUS,  Castratus. 

ECTONION.  Helleborus  niger. 

ECTOPAG"IA,  (F.)  Ectojincjie,  from  cktos, 
'outwards,'  and  Trriyvviji,  'to  put  together.'  A 
genus  of  double  monsters,  having  a  common  um- 
bilicus, comprising  those  which  are  united  natu- 
rally throughout  the  whole  extent  of  the  thorax. 

ECTOPARASITES,  Epizoa. 

EC TOPHYTE,  Ectoph'yton,  from  ckto?,  '  out- 
side,' and  (jivTuv,  '  a  vegetable.'  A  vegetable 
parasite,  which  grows  on  the  surface  of  the  body. 

ECTOP'IA,  Ectiip'inis,  Ectopism' as,  Entoce'le, 
Situs  alie'nns  seu  perver'eus  seu  muta'tuH,  Aiiomo- 
^</)/p,— Piorry,  from  ck,  and  ronos,  'out  of  place.' 
Morbid  displacement  of  parts.     See  Luxation. 

Ectopia  A.vi,  Proctocele. 

Ectopia  Connis,  Cardiauas'trophe.  Displace- 
ment, dislocation,  or  unnatural  position  of  the 
heart. 

Ectopia  Hep.niosa,  Hernia— e.  Splenis,  Sple- 
nectopia. 

ECTOPOCYS'TICU.S,  from  «ro7roj,  'out  of 
place,'  and  kvittis,  'bladder.'  A  disease  depend- 
ent upon  displacement  of  the  bladder. 

ECTOPROTIC,  Eccoprotic. 

ECTOZO'A.  (sing.  Ectozo'im,)  Extozo'n,  Exto- 
zon'riu,  (F.)   Extozoaires ;  from  exroj,   'outside,' 


and  fuoi',  'an  animal.'  Parasitic  animals  that 
infest  the  exterior  of  the  body, — as  lice.  A  term 
which,  like  Ittlmin'thia  errat'ica,  l'neii(lnhelnt\i\'- 
thcs,  and  Pseiul.Dpar'asi'tcs,  is  njjplied,  also,  to 
worms  or  larves  of  insects  that  have  been  intro- 
duced into  the  intestinal  canal  by  accident.  Ani- 
malcules,   most    frequently    swallowed,   arc   the 

hairworm,  leech,  grub  of  the  fly,  caildy  insect 

Phitla;' >i(i  peni/nhta'/in  :  the  larve  of  the  bee,  tlie 
spider,  the  triton  pidus'tris,  lacer'tii  aijitnt'im, 
Ac.  In  animals,  bots  are  produced  by  swalhiwing 
the  ova  of  the  cestnis  or  gadfly.  See  Ilelmiulhia 
erratica. 

ECTRIM'MA,  from  txrpi/Ju),  (ck,  and  rp,/3w.)  'I 
rub  of}".'  Ulceration  of  the  skin  ;  and  particu- 
larly that  which  arises  from  the  pressure  of  the 
bed  on  different  parts  of  the  body,  after  a  pru- 
tracted  confitjeinent. — Hippocrates. 

ECTRODACTYLTA,  from  ticrpwirij,  'abortion,' 
and  (5a/cTiiXo{, '  a  finger.'  A  malformation,  in  whicb 
one  or  more  fini^ers  or  toes  are  wanting. 

ECTROG"ENY,  Ectroc/eu'ia,  A'ctrngi'ii'culH, 
from  cKTfiuxng,  'abortion,'  and  ycvto-is,  'gerieratiun.' 
Monstrosity  by  defect. — Serres. 

ECTRO'MA,  Abortion. 

ECTRO'MELES,  from  t/crpwcrif,  'abortion,' and 
ficXtx;,  '  a  limb.'  A  genus  of  monsters,  in  which 
the  limbs  are  nearly  or  altogether  deficient,  as  in 
the  ordinary  cetacea. — I.  Gr.  St.  Ililairc. 

ECTROPE,  D i vert ic'ul urn,  from  e/cT-ptTru,  {«, 
and  rpenu),)  'I  turn  off,'  'divert.'  Any  duct  by 
which  peccant  or  morbific  matter  was  supposed  to 
be  drawn  off. — Hippocrates. 

ECTROPTON,  same  etymon.  EHrop'inm, 
Erer'sio  pal'jichra:,  lilcpharnpto'sis  Ectro'pliim, 
BIcp/iaroto'els,  PaUpuhrm  infe'rior  extror'niim 
flexa,  Dfvarica'tio  seu  lieflex'io  seu  Redina'tio 
pnlpehra'nim,  (F.)  Ernillement  des  Pnupihrs, 
Jietiversemeiit  des  Paupilres.  Eversion  of  the 
eyelids,  so  that  they  do  not  completely  cover  the 
globe  of  the  eye.  It  happens  more  commonly  to 
the  lower  than  to  the  upper  eyelid.  It  may  bo 
owing  to  the  retraction  of  the  skin,  after  the  cure 
of  an  ulcer,  wound,  or  burn  of  the.eyelid;  or  it 
may  depend  on  tumefaction  or  relaxation  of  the 
conjunctiva.  In  the  majority  of  cases,  removal 
of  a  portion  of  the  conjunctiva  will  effect  a  cure; 
but  there  are  many  which  defy  the  efforts  of  art. 
The  ancients  called  Ectropion  of  the  upper  eyelid 
latpiphthnlmin. 

ECTROSrS.  Abortion. 

ECTKOSMOS,  Abortion. 

ECTROT'IC,  from  cKrpwjia,  {ck,  and  titjjuww, 
'I  wcnind,')  'abortion.'  Ectrot'icus,  Abortive.  An 
epithet  applied  to  methods  for  preventin<;  the 
development  or  causing  the  abortion  of  any  dis- 
ease—  as  of  chancres  by  the  use  of  caustic; 
small-pox  pustules  by  the  use  of  mercurial  oint- 
ment. &c. 

ECTYLOTICUS,  Catheretie. 

ECTYMPANOSIS,  Tympanites. 

ECUMEUX,  Frothy. 

ECUSSONS.  'Escutcheons  or  shields.'  Plas- 
ters spread  upon  the  skin  ;  or  small  bags — nnchttt 
— of  the  shape  of  escutcheons,  filled  with  odorous 
powders,  which  are  applied  on  the  skin.  See 
Sachet. 

ECZEMA,  from  cK^tta,  {ck,  and  ^w,)  'I  boil 
out,'  '  I  effervesce.'  Eczes'ma,  Ecsei'inn,  Piin'tuln 
ardens,  Ci/tis'ma  Eczema,  Humid  Scall  or  Telttr, 
Riuinitif)  Scall,  (F.)  Dartre  Hqnammense  humide, 
D.  vine.  Gale  epideniiqiie.  Heat  eruption.  Aa 
eruption  of  small  vesicles  on  various  parts  of  the 
skin,  usually  set  close  or  crowded  together;  with 
little  or  no  inflammation  around  their  bases,  and 
unattended  by  fever. 

ErzKMA  Capitis,  R.  of  the  hairy  scalp. 

Eczema  of  the  Face,  at  an  advanced  stage, 


ECZEMATOSES 


823 


EFFUSION 


anrl  occurring;  in  young  children,  has  been  de-  I 
siTibed  undor  the  names  Crugla  luctea  and  Por-  | 
rujn  liirvalis. 

Ec'zKM\  OP  THR  Hairy  Scalp,  Eczema  cap'i- 
ti's,  VeHlc'uiar  scnil,  is  often  confounded  with 
other  affections,  under  the  names  Porrigo  and 
Tinea,  which  are  pustular,  not  vesicular,  in  their 
fiirm.  It  occurs  during  dentition,  and  even  after- 
wards, and  the  discharge  is  so  profuse,  that  the 
head  appears  as  if  dipped  in  some  glutinous 
lii|uid.  By  and  by,  the  secretion  dries  into  crusts 
and  mats  the  hair  into  little  separate  tufts.  The 
scalp  gives  evidence  of  inflammatory  excitement, 
and  the  lymphatic  ganglions  of  the  neck  are  apt 
to  liecomo  inflamed  and  suppurate. 

A  variety  of  humid  scalled  head,  in  which  the 
humour  from  the  excoriated  surface  runs  down 
upon  the  hairs,  and  encloses  them  in  little  silvery 
pellicles  or  sheaths,  has  received  the  name  Asbes- 
tos Sr'ill. 

Ec'zEMA  iMPKTir.iNo'nES,  GnU,  Grocers'  or 
Brirklayers'  Itch.  Produced  by  the  irritation  of 
suiinr  or  lime. 

Ec'zKMA  Mriic(iria'le,  E.  ruhrum,  Erythe'ma 
nii;n:iirin'/e    seu    ichoro'eiim,    Hijdrnrgyr'ia,   Hy- 
dmryi/ro'sis,  Hydrargyri'asis,3forbiismercuria'l{», 
Mc.rcii'rSiil  lepra  or  rdsh.     A  variety  of  eczema, 
arising  from  the  irritation  of  mercury.    The  treat- 
ment is  chiefly  piiUiative,  consisting  in  ablution 
with  mucilaginous  infusions  or  decoctions  ;  mild 
dressings,  where  the  cuticle  has  exfoliated  ;  avoid- 
ing all  irritation  ;  keeping  the  bowels  open;  with 
tlic  use  of  sulphuric  acid  and  cinchona. 
Kczr.MA  RuBiiuM,  Eczema  mcrcuriale. 
ECZEMATO'SES,  (tt.)  Eczematosen,  same 
ciyiUDn.     A  family  of  diseases,  in  the  classifica- 
tion of  Fuchs,  including  morbid  conditions  of  the 
cntaneous  secretions — as  of  the  perspiration,  se- 
l).u'e()us    and  colouring  matters,   Ac,  and  hence 
innny  chronic  cutaneous  affections.     His  subdi- 
visions   arc,    ephidroses,    smegmorrhcea,    acarpoR, 
p'lhicnrpce,  and  monocarpcE. 
ECZESrS.  Effervescens. 
ECZESMA.  Eczema,  Lichen  tropicus. 
EDEMATOUS,  (Edematous. 
EDENTATUS.  Edentulus. 
EDEXTULI,  Nefrendes. 

EDEN'TUL0US,&/eHfr,7crf,  Eden'tulua,  Eden- 
td'tiis,  from  e,  and  deim,  denti's,  '  a  tooth.'  An'o- 
(liis,  Careus  deii'tihiw,  Nodes,  iVodus,  (F.)  Edent^. 
One  without  teeth.  This  defect  can  only  be 
remedied  by  artificial  means.  See  Nefrendes. 
EDERA,  Hedera  helix. 
EDIBLE.  Esculent. 

SdOCEPHALE,  from  ai&oia,  the  'sexual  or- 
gans,' and  Ktip<i\ti,  'head.'  A  monster,  which  has 
tlie  two  ears  near  each  other,  or  united  under  the 
lii'iid,  the  jaws  atrophied;  no  mouth,  and  above 
tlic  eye  a  tube  {trompe)  resembling  a  penis. — I. 
(!.  St.  lliliiire. 

EDROPPIT.  Hydropic. 
EDUCATIO  INFANTUM,  Predia. 
EDULCORA'TION,  Glycan'sh,  Eduh-ora'lm, 
from  p.  and  didcis,  'sweet.'  An  operation,  the 
oliject  of  which  is  to  deprive  a  substance  of  its 
acrid  and  disagreeable  taste,  or  at  least  to  disguise 
It.  Also,  the  addition  of  a  saccharine  substance 
to  a  tnedicine,  whose  taste  it  is  desirable  to  modify 
agreeably. 

l?r>rf.R.  Comestible. 
EDUrjS,  Comestible. 
EE.  Eve. 

KESKIN.  RingnUns. 
EEWIXFvER,  Pnlpebra. 

KF'KERENT,  Kff.-rcs,  Centrifugal,  Exod'fc, 
from  efrro,  (e,  and'  ferre,)  'I  carry,'  'transport.' 
Conveying  outwards,  as  from  the  centre  to  the 
periphery. 


Vasa  efferen'tia  are  those  lymphatic  or  chyli- 
ferous  vessels  which  issue  from  the  glands  to  con- 
vey their  lymph  to  the  thoracic  duct ;  so  called 
to  distinguish  them  from  those  which  pass  to 
those  glands,  and  which  have  been  termed  vasd 
fifferen'tia  seu  iiifereii'tia.  Also,  nerves  that  con- 
vey the  nervous  influence  from  the  nervous  cen- 
tres to  the  circumference.     See  Afferent. 

At  the  upper  extremity  of  the  mediastinum 
testis,  the  ducts  of  the  rete  testis  terminate  in 
from  9  to  30  small  ducts,  called  vasa  efferentia, 
which  forms  the  Co\n  vusciilo'ai. 

EFFERVES'CENCE,  Effervescen'tia,  Zesis, 
Ec'zevis,  from  effervescere,  (e,  and /ervescere,)  'to 
grow  hot.'  That  agitation,  which  is  produced  by 
the  escape  of  gas  through  a  liquid,  independently 
of  the  heat  of  the  mixture  ;  such,  for  instance,  as 
results  from  the  mixture  of  acetic  acid  and  car- 
bonate of  potassa. 

In  Pdtholrigy  it  has  a  similar  signification.  It 
expresses,  in  the  language  of  the  humorists,  a 
sort  of  ebullition  in  the  fluids  of  the  living  body, 
produced  either  by  elevation  of  temperature  or 
by  the  reaction  on  each  other  of  the  principles 
contained  in  the  fluids  in  circulation. 

EFFETUS,  Impoverished. 

EFFICA'CIOUS,  E/'jicax,  from  efficere,  (e, 
and  fdcerc,)  '  to  accomplish.'  That  which  pro- 
du(^es  a  great  effect, — as  'an  <\flivin-ioti8  remedy.' 

Medici'iia  efficax,  Ln  Medeciiie  ejffieace,  is  a 
term  sometimes  applied  to  surgery. 

EFFILA,  Ephelides. 

EFFLATIO,  Ecphysesis. 

EFFLATUS.  Ecphysesis. 

EFFLORATIO,  Exanthem. 

EFFLORES'CENCE,  Efflora'tio,  Efflorescen'- 
tia,  from  efflorescere,  (e,  and  florcscere,)  'to  blow 
as  a  flower.'    Stribili'go,  Ect/iy'ma. 

In  Pathology,  eflilorescence  has  the  same  mean- 
ing as  exanthema;  and,  in  the  nosology  of  Sau- 
vages,  the  name  is  given  to  that  order  of  diseases. 
Sometimes,  it  is  confined  to  the  cutaneous  blush, 
the  e.ranthe'sis  of  Good. 

Efilorescence  is,  also,  the  conversion  of  a  solid 
substance  into  a  pulverulent  state  by  exposure  to 
the  air.  In  salts  this  is  generally  owing  to  the 
loss  of  a  part  of  their  water  of  crystallization. 

EFFLORESCENCE  ER  Y SIP  EL  A  TEUSE, 
RoseolfB. 

EFFLORESCENTIA,  Exanthem. 

EFFLORESCENTI^E,  Elevures. 

EFFLUVIUM,  Emanation  —  e.  Latrinarium, 
MItte — e.  Palustre,  Miasm,  Marsh. 

EFFLUXION,  Abortion. 

EFFORT,  (e,  and  fortis,  'strong.')  Nisns,  Co- 
jia'tus,  Peira.  A  muscular  contraction  of  greater 
or  less  strength,  the  object  of  which  is,  either  to 
resist  an  external  force,  or  to  accomplish  a  func- 
tion, which  has  become  naturally  laI)ori(uis  . — 
such  are,  the  act  of  pushing  away,  or  of  drawing 
a  body  towards  us,  and  the  more  or  less  painful 
efforts  used  by  the  mother  to  cause  the  ex[)ulsion 
of  the  fnetus.  In  France,  the  word  effort  is  often 
used  synonymously  with  hernia;  and  signifies, 
likewise,  the  painful  twitches  of  muscles,  occa- 
sioned by  over-exertion,  or  by  the  rupture  of 
some  of  their  fleshy  fibres.  Sauvages  calls  Efforts 
des  reins,  Liimha'go  d  iiisu,  the  pain  in  the  loins 
occasioned  by  bearing  too  heavy  a  burden. 

EFFORT.  Hernia— f.  des  Reins,  see  Effort. 

EFFOSSIO,  Exhumation. 

EFFRACTURA.  Ecpiesma. 

Efphactu'ra  CitANii,  Eiithla'sis  Cra'iiii.  Frac- 
ture of  the  Cranium,  with  depression. — Par6. 

EFFREXITATIO,  Hypereatharsis. 

EFFUSIO,  Effusion— e.  Scminis.  Ejaculation. 

EFFV'SWl<i. Effu'sio,Ec'chys;s.  from  effnnd.re, 
(e,  and /i(«(/c;-e,/((»i( HI,)  '  to  pour  out.'  ( I'.}  Apart. 


£garS 


324 


EL.EOPIIANES 


chemenf,  (Infiltration  is  the  term  generally  em- 
ployed for  effusion  into  the  areolar  membrane. 
The  pouring  out  of  blood  or  of  any  other  fluid 
into  the  areolar  membrane,  or  into  the  cavities 
of  the  body.  The  effusion  of  serum  or  of  coagn- 
lahle  lymph,  for  instance,  is  a  common  result  of 
inflammation  of  serous  membranes. 

EGARE,  Wild. 

EG  AHEM  E  NT  I)' ESPRIT,  Delirium,  In- 
sanity. 

EGER,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF  THE.  In 
the  valley  of  the  Eger,  at  the  western  extremity  of 
Bohemia,  there  are  several  acidulous  springs.  One 
of  the  most  frequented  of  these  is  Franzensbad. 

EGE'KIA.  In  ancient  mythology,  a  nymph 
to  whom  pregnant  females  ofi'ered  sacrifices  vt 
conceptns  nlriis  fuci/iiiii  etjcretiir.  By  some,  sup- 
posed to  have  been  identical  with  Lucina. 

EGESTA,  see  Excretion. 

EGESTAS,  Want. 

EGESTIO,  Defecation,  Dejection,  Excretion. 

E(iUBED,  Ovarium. 

EG(J-B HANDY,  see  Ovum. 

EGG-PLANT,  Solanum  melongena— e.  White 
of.  Albumen  ovi. 

EGLANTIER  DE  CHIEN,  Rosa  canina— e. 
SuuiHige.  Rosa  canina. 

EGOBRONCIIOPIIONY,  see  Egophonj'. 

EG  OP  HONE,  Egophony. 

EGOPII'ONIC,  yEijopho'nicns,  (F.)  Ecjo-pho- 
tu'qiie.  Same  etymon  as  the  next.  Having  the 
character  of,  or  relating  to,  egophony. 

EGOPIIONIQUE,  Egophonic. 

EGOPII'ONY,  yEgrqjho'nia,  from  atf,  atyos,  'a 
goat,'  and  (poivr),  'voice.'  Cnprilo'qniiim,  Trngo- 
pho'iiid.  Goat's  Voice,  Bleating  Voice,  (F.)  Ego- 
jjhonle,  Voix  chevrotiintc  seu  egoplionique  scu  de 
PolichiiieUe  seu  senile,  Pectoriloqnie  chevrotante. 
Laenncc  has  designated  by  this  name,  the  kind 
of  resonance  of  the  voice  heard  through  the 
stethoscope,  when  we  examine  the  chest  of  one 
labouring  under  moderate  effusion  into  one  of  the 
pleurie.  The  voice,  which  strikes  the  ear  through 
the  cylinder,  is  more  sharp  and  harsh  than  usual, 
and  tremulous  and  broken,  like  that  of  the  goat. 
The  patient  hitnself  is  called  Egophone.  Bouil- 
laud  affirms,  that  the  'brcmchial  and  bleating 
voice,'  (ei/obronchophonie.)  is  the  principal  symp- 
tom of  pleuropneumonia.  Egophony  exists,  how- 
ever, in  cases  of  hepatization  where  there  is  no 
pleural  disease. 

EtJREGOR'SIS,  Vigil' {a,Vigili'<B,  Vigilan'tia-, 
Vigihi'tio,  Vigil' inm,  from  typsyopcw,  '  I  watch.' 
"Watchfulness.     A  morbid  want  of  sleep. — Galen. 

EGRESSES  VENTRICULI,  Pylorus. 

EIDOS,  tihoq,  'form,  resemblance.'  The  ti  is 
often  changed  into  oj,  at  the  termination  of  a 
word.     Thus,  HcpmatoVdes  or  Hcemato'des. 

EILAMIDES,  Meninges. 

EILE'MA,  from  eiXeog,  Il'eus,  (ci^tw,  'I  roll,') 
'  a  convolution.'  Vogel  has  given  this  name  to 
a  fixed  pain,  occupying  some  portion  of  the  in- 
testinal canal,  which  the  patient  compares  to  the 
sensation  that  would  be  produced  by  a  nail  driven 
into  the  part. 
EILEON,  Ileon. 
EILEUS,  Ileus. 

EILOID,  ( 7'i/»no)(r,)  Eiloi'des,  from  eiXtw, 'I 
roll,*  and  ttfio;,  'resemblance.'  A  morbid  growth 
of  the  cutis,  coiled  or  folded. 

EILSEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Eilsen 
is  about  six  German  miles  from  Hanover,  at  the 
foot  of  the  Harrelberg.  It  has  eleven  springs, 
of  which  seven  are  sulphureous  and  four  chaly- 
beate. 

EISANTHE'MA,  Exanthe'ma  inter'num,  En- 
tanthe'ina,  from  m,  '  within,'  and  avdniia,  '  efHo- 


rescence.     An  eruption  on  a  mucous  merahraDe; 
— aphthae,  for  exam))le. 

EISROLE,  Attack,  Injection. 

ETSPNOK,  Inspiration. 

EJACULATIO,  Ejaculation  — e.  Scminis  Iiii- 
pedita,  Brady  sperm  at  is  mus. 

EJACULA'TION,  EJacula'tio,  from  e,  nn.i  j-,. 
cnlor,  (itself  from  jcircrc,)  'I  throw.'  Gonohul';,,, 
Gonobo/in'mits,  EJaciildtio  sen  I'rofu'sio  smn  Effn'. 
sio  Sent' in  is,  Expiitro'tio,  Patrn'tio,  Spennnli'ijp, 
The  emission  of  sperm.  That  which  occi-ra 
during  coition  has  been  termed  Inscminn'iinn. 
The  act,  by  which  that  fluid  is  darted  out  tliroui'h 
the  urethra.  ' 

E.TACULA'TOR.  Same  etymon.  That  which 
effects  the  eiuission  of  sperm.  See  Transvcrsus 
perinaei. 

E.JACUI.ATOR  Semi\is,  Accelerator  urina;. 

EJAC'ULATORY,  EJnculato'rins,  Ejac' nhim : 
same  etymon.  (F.)  Ejacnlateur,  Ejacuhttoire. 
Concerned  in  the  ejaculation  of  sperm. 

E.jAcui.ATOHY  Ducts  or  Canals,  (F.)  Cnndniin 
ou  Canaux  ejncnhitenrs,  are  formed  by  the  uiiidn 
of  the  vasa  deferentia  with  the  ducts  of  the  ve.-i- 
culae  seminales.  They  open  at  the  lateral  iimi 
anterior  parts  of  the  verumontanum,  and  cimvey 
into  the  urethra  the  sperm  which  is  discliargi'il 
from  the  vesiculae,  as  well  as  that  which  comes 
directly  from  the  testicle  by  the  vas  deferens. 
Between  them  there  is  often  a  depression,  snmc- 
tiracs  of  a  large  size,  which  is  termed  h'trte'iihn, 
U.  2'>rost(it'icus,  Vesi'ca  seu  vesic'ula  proHlrit'iin, 
Sinus  ]u>cula'ris  seu  pros'tatce,  Corpus'ciilKmWili- 
eria'num,  Wehe'rian  organ  or  corpuscle,  wliicii 
has  been  regarded  as  the  analogue  to  the  uterus 
in  the  female,  and  thence  called  U'terus  muscu- 
li'iiiis. 

EJECTIO,  Excretion— e.  Fascum,  Defecation. 

EJECTION,  Ejec'tio,  from  ejicere,  ejccinm,  (p, 
and  jacere,)  'to  throw  out  or  eject.'  Tbe  excre- 
tion of  the  faeces,  urine,  sputa,  <fee. 

EL  NISPERO,  Sapota. 

ELABORA'TION,  Elahorn'tio,  from  e,  and 
lahorare,  hihoratuin,  'to  work.'  This  word  is 
used,  by  physiologists,  to  signify  the  vnrious 
changes  which  substances  susceptible  of  assimi- 
lation undergo,  through  the  action  of  living 
organs,  before  they  are  capable  of  serving  for  nu- 
trition. The  food  is  said  to  be  eluboroled  in  the 
stomach  during  the  formation  of  cliyiuc;  the 
chyme  is  elaborated  in  the  small  intestine  before 
it  is  chyle,  &e. 

EL^A,  Olea  Europaea. 

EL^AGNUS,  Myrica  gale— e.  Cordo,  Myricn 
gale. 

EL^OCARPUS  COPALLIFERUS,  Copal. 

ELjEOCEROLE,  Cerate.    . 

EL^OM'ELI,  from  tXaiov,  'oil,'  and  \ith, 
'honey.'  Dioscorides  means,  by  this,  an  oil 
thicker  than  honey,  and  of  a  sweet  taste,  whicli 
flows  from  the  trunk  of  a  tree  in  Syria.  It  is 
acrid  and  purgative ;  and  sometimes  occasions 
serious  symptoms,  according  to  that  author. — 
Gorrajus. 

EL^.OM'ETER,  from  tlaiov,  'oil,'  and  itiTfov, 
'measure.'  A  very  delicate  glass  hydroniet^T,  tor 
testing  the  purity  of  olive  or  almond  oil,  by  <le- 
termiuing  their  densities.  The  0  or  zero  of  the 
scale  is  the  point  at  which  the  instrument  floats 
in  the  oil  of  poppy  seeds.  In  pure  olive  oil,  it 
floats  at  50°,  and  the  space  between  these  points 
is  divided  into  60  equal  parts,  and  numbered  ac- 
cordingly. It  floats  at  .38°  or  38i°  in  pure  oil  of 
almonds. 

EL.EON,  Oil. 

ELyEOPH'ANES,  from  cXaiov,  'oil,'  and  (^am- 
liai,  'I  appear.'  That  which  has  the  appearance 
of  oil ;  as  Ui'i'na  elceoph'anes. 


EL.EO-SACCHARUM 


325 


ELECTUARIUM 


EL.EO-SAC'CIIARUM,  from  t\aiov,  'oil,'  and 
aaii)^ap,  'pugnr.'  O'leo-Suc'charum,  Iiiil'i<nno- 
iStic'rhnntm,  (F.)  OUosaechdrole.  A  medicine, 
composed  of  essentiiil  oil  and  sugiir.  It  was  made 
liy  piiuring  upon  an  ounce  of  sugar,  reduced  to 
an  inrpalpaV)Ie  powder,  ^l^ss  or  3J  "f  <in  essential 
oil;  the  mixture  being  triturated  until  the  two 
substances  were  perfectly  united. — llolfink. 
ELAIN,  see  Fat. 

ELAIS  GUINEENSIS,  see  Cocos  butyracea— 
e.  Occidcntalis.  see  Cocos  butyracea. 
ELAN,  Cervus  alces. 
ELAXCKMHNT,  see  Lancinating. 
ELAIMIOHOSCUM,  Pastinaca  sativa. 
ELAIMIOM'YC'ES  GRANULA'TUS,  E.  ojftci- 
ii'i'IIh,  (iXc^aj,   'a  stag,'   and   fivKtji,  'a  fungus.') 
/,i/copenlon    cervi'iiiim,    Cerri    Jivle'tns,    Bole'tiis 
rerri'iiiiH,   Titber  cerci'itum,  Hart's    Triijfles,   Deer 
IIhUh,     Li/c(>penl(in     nuta.       N(it.    Order,    Fungi. 
Formerly  used  in  the  preparation  of  a  BulHamuH 
iijmplecliriiH,  and  to  promote  labour  and  the  secre- 
liiin   of  milk.     Given,   also,   as  an    aphrodisiac. 
Dose,  ,^iss,  in  powder. 

ELAIMIKIUM   ELEMIFERUM,  see  Amyris 
elemifcra — e.  Toinentosum,  Fagara  octandra. 
KLAI'Sl'S,  Luxation. 

KLAS'.MA,  from  cXavvui,  'I  drive  up.'  A  clyster 
pipe. — Linden. 

ELASTES,  Elasticity. 
ELASTICINE,  see  Fibrous. 
ELASTICITY,  El«'<tic"itas,  El'nter,  Elan'tei, 
El' (lien,   Via  elim'tica.    Tone,   'J'imic"ity ,  (F.)  Con- 
(rndiliti  cle  Tisun,  C'lntrncli/ite  par  defant  d'e.r- 
triiHitiii,  horn  tAuui/id,  'I  impel,' £AaoTi75,  'a  driver.' 
The  property  by  which  certain  bodies  return  to 
tlieir  ]>roper  size  and  shape,  where  these  have 
lieon  moclified  by  pressure   or  otherwise.     It  is 
piissessed  by  the  dead  as  well  as  by  the  living 
solid. 
EL.\TE,  Finns  picea — e.  Theleia,  Pinus  rubra. 
ELATER.  Elasticity. 
EIjATERINE,  see  Momordica  elaterium. 
ELATERIUM,  Extractum  elaterii,  Momordica 
elaieriiiMi — e.  Cordifolium,  Momordica  elaterium. 
EFvATES,  Elasticity. 
ELATIN,  see  Momordica  elaterium. 
ELATINE,  Antirhinum  elatine  —  e.  Cymbala- 
ria,  Antirhiouin  linaria — e.  Ilastata,  Antirhinum 
eliitine. 
ELBOCK,  Elbow. 

ELBOW,  Sax.  elbosa,  from  ell,  and  bow;  the  j 
bend  of  the  ulna.      Cubitus,  Ancon,  Peclii/i,  Ulna, 
Umbo,   (So.)    Elbnclc,   Elbuck,   (F.)    Comle.     This 
word,  abstractedly,  means  the  angle  formed  by 
the  union  of  two  straight  bodies.     It  is  particu- 
larly applied  to  the  articulation  of  the  arm  with 
the   forearm,    and    especially    to    the    projection 
fiirmed  by  the  olecranon  process  at  the  posterior 
part  of  the  joint. 
Ei.Bow,  MixKiis',  see  Miners'  Elbow. 
KLBUCK,  Elbow. 
ELCA.l  A,  Trichilia  emetica. 
El.CO.MA,  Ulcer. 
ELCOPLASTY,  Ilelcoplasty. 
ELCO'SIS,  //eUo'.ii.i.  Eleo'iiia,  Hclco'ma,  from 
f>Mf,   'an    ulcer.'     Ulceration    in   general.     An 
ulcer.     A  deep  ulceration  of  the  cornea,  in  con- 
fi'ipience  of  a  blow  or  of  violent  inflammation. — 
tiiilen,  Par^. 

Saayagos  applies  the  terra  to  a  state  of  the 
body,  in  which  there  are  numerous  ulcerations  of 
"n  obstinate  character,  complicated  with  caries, 
piitresoencv,  low  fever,  Ac. 
ELCUSTER,  Embryulcus. 
ELDEK,  Sambucns  —  e.  Common,  Sarabucus 
Cnnudensis— e.  Dwarf,  Ar.ilia  hispida,  Sarabucus 
ebulus  —  e.  Prickly,  Aralia  spinosa  —  e.  Redber- 
tied,  Saaibucus  pubens. 


ELECAMPANE,  Inula  helenium 

ELECTRICITAS,  Electricity  —  e.  Animalifl, 
Galvanism — e.  Galvanica,  Galvanism — e.  MetaU 
lica.  Galvanism. 

ELECTRIC'ITY^,  Electric" itas,  from  rj^cKTpov, 
'amber,' — the  substance  in  which  it  was  first  no- 
ticed. Electricity  is  used  medicinally  as  an  ex- 
citant. It  has  been  occasionally  employed  with 
success  in  paralysis,  rheumatism,  accidental  deaf- 
ness, amaurosis,  amenorrhoea,  &c.,  but  it  is  un- 
certain, and  not  much  used  ;  and  the  cases  are  not 
always  clear  in  which  it  could  be  of  service.  It 
may  be  communicated  by  means  of  the  electric 
bath  —  Bain  electri<jue,  as  it  has  been  called; 
which  consists  in  placing  the  patient  upon  an 
insulated  stool,  and  connecting  him  with  the  prime 
conductor,  of  which  he  thus  becomes  a  part.  The 
fluid  may  be  communicated  by  points,  sparks,  or 
by  shocks,  according  to  the  required  intensity. 

Electricity,  Chemical,  Galvanism  —  e.  Con- 
tact, Galvanism  —  e.  Magnetic,  Electro-Magne- 
tism— e.  Voltaic,  Galvanism. 

ELECTRIFY",  from  electric,  and  fo,  'I 
make.'  (F.)  Electriser.  To  produce  the  electri- 
cal condition  in  a  body,  or  to  render  it  suscep- 
tible of  producing  electrical  phenomena.  It  is 
often  used  to  signify  the  act  of  communicatiDg 
the  electric  fluid  to  man. 

ELECTRISER,  to  electrify. 

ELECTRO'DES,  from  ^jXt-frpov,  'amber,'  and 
eiioi,  'resemblance.'  An  epithet  for  evacuations, 
which  shine  like  amber. — Hippocrates,  Foesius. 

ELEC'TRO-LITIIOT'RITY.  The  disintegra- 
tion of  calculi  in  the  bladder  by  the  mechan- 
ical force  of  the  electrical  discharge,  applied  by 
an  appropriate  apparatus. 

ELECTRO -MAG'NETISM,  MagnH'ic  elec- 
tric' it;/.  An  electro-magnetic  apparatus  is  occa- 
sionally used  in  cases  of  paralysis.  A  convenient 
form  consists  of  a  battery  of  six  curved  perma- 
nent magnets,  and  an  intensity  armature,  around 
whose  cylinders  1500  yards  of  fine  insulated  cop- 
per wire  are  coiled.  The  ends  of  the  wire  commu- 
nicate respectively,  with  a  pair  of  directors,  each 
of  which  holds  a  piece  of  sponge,  dipped  in  vine- 
gar or  a  solution  of  common  salt.  When  the 
armature  is  rotated,  and  a  portion  of  the  body  is 
intcrposeii  between  the  directors,  a  succession  of 
shocks  is  received. 

ELECTROPUNCTURE,jE'/ec?ro;),(!ic?»rrY'^/o», 
Electroslijc'ix,  Gal'vanopKiictiire,  The  operation 
of  inserting  two  or  more  wires,  and  then  con- 
necting them  to  the  poles  of  the  galvanic  appa- 
ratus. 
'  ELECTROSTIXIS,  Electropuncture. 

ELECTRUiM,  Succinum. 

ELECTUAIRE,  Electuarium  — e.  Dentifrice, 
Dentifrice — e.  Simple,  Conserva. 

ELECTUA'RIUM,  Electa'rium,  Opia'tnm,  (Old 
Eng.)  AlUctuary,  an  Electuary,  (F.)  Electuaire 
Saccharole  mou,  from  eligere,  electum,  'to  make 
choice.'  A  pharmaceutical  composition  of  a  soft 
consistence,  somewhat  thicker  than  honey,  and 
formed  of  powders,  pulps,  extracts,  syrup,  honey, 
(fee.  In  the  London  and  American  Pharma- 
copoeias, electuaries  are  classed  under  Confec- 
tions. 

Electuarium  de  Aloi^,  Opiatum  mesentericuta 
— e.  Aperiens,  Confectio  senna; — e.  Aromaticum, 
Confectio  aromatica — e.  Cassias,  Confectio  cassia3 
—  e.  Cassife  fistulas,  Confectio  cassia;  —  e.  Cassire 
sennae,  Confectio  sennae — e.  Cassire  tamarindatuni 
seu  lenitivum,  Confectio  cassiae — e.  Catechu,  Con- 
fectio catechu  compositum — e.  Catholicum  com- 
mune, Confectio  senna;  —  e.  Cinchona?,  Opiatum 
febrifugum  —  e.  de  Croco  emendatum,  Confectio 
hj'acinthi  —  e.  Diaprunum,  Confectio  senna;  —  e. 
Eccoproticum,  Confectio  seunte — e.  de  Kina  kina. 


ELECTUARY 


826 


ELEVATOR 


Opiatum  fi'1irifu2;iim  —  e.  Laxativum,  Confectio 
eassii¥ — e.  Lenitivuui,  Confectio  senuiv; — e.  Opia- 
tum,  Confectio  opii— e.  Piperis,  Confectio  piperis 
—  e.  Scamnionii,  Confectio  scaininoiiijB  —  e.  6 
Scanuiionio,  Confectio  scaninionifc  —  e.  Sennpp, 
Confectio  sennic — e.  Sennfe  compositum,  Confectio 
sennte — e.  Sennit  cum  pulpis,  Confectio  senna  — 
c.  Solidum,  Tabella  — e.  TLebaicum,  Confectio 
opii. 

ELECTUARY,  Electuarium— e.  Lenitive,  Con- 
fectio senna?. 

ELEENCEPHALE,  from  c>aiov,  'oil,'  and 
tyKvjxiXov.  •encoplialon.'  A  fatty  matter  found  by 
Couerlie  in  the  encephalic  neurine. 

ELELISPIIACOS,  Salvia. 

EL'EMENT,  Elemen'tum,  from  ancient  eJeo 
for  oleo.  'to  grow'  [?],  Piiittip'iiim,  P.  Primiti'- 
vum,  Stoirhei'on.  A  simple,  ultimate  constituent 
or  principle  in  the  human  body,  which  forms  the 
basis  of  a  fibre  or  tissue.  Also,  a  constituent  of 
n  compound  organ.  The  inorganic  elements  are 
simple  principles.  An  orgnnic  element,  jvoxi- 
mate  principle  or  compniiud  of  organization,  re- 
sults from  the  union  of  certain  inorfranic  ele- 
ments. Oxygen,  hydrogen,  carbon,  and  azote, 
are  inorganic  elements;  fibrin,  albumen,  osma- 
zome,  &e.,  organic  elements. 

Ei.KMBSTs,  OiiGANic,  Principles,  immediate — e. 
Sarcous,  si'c  Sarcous. 

ELEMENTARY  CELL,  see  Cell. 

ELEMEXTUM  ACIDIFICUM,  Oxygen. 

ELEML  Aniyris  elemifera. 

ELENIUM,  inula  hclenium. 

ELEO'CHARIS  PALHS'TRIS,  Scirpus  pa- 
Im'lrin;  indigenous.  Oid.  Cyperaceaj.  The 
flowering  tops,  seeds  and  roots  are  a.stringent,  and 
have  been  used  in  diarrhoea  and  liomorrhage. 

ELEOLES,  Olea  medieinalia. 

ELEOSELTNUM,  Apium  petroselinum. 

ELEPHANTFASIS,  Elephanti'a,  Elephnn- 
tifis'mns,  El'ephnt,  Liiz'ari  niorbui  seu  malum, 
Phrfinc"enH  morhnu,  Phi/tnato'sin  Elcphanti'anin, 
from  e\!:<pai,  c^ttfiavrof,  'an  elephant.'  Various 
affections  have  been  described  under  this  name, 
by  adding  an  epithet.  It  is  ordinarily  and  gene- 
rically  applied  to  a  condition,  in  which  the  skin 
is  thick,  livid,  rugous,  tuberculate,  and  insensible 
to  feeling.  • 

Elrphantiasis  op  thr  Antilles,  Barho'clncs 

Leg,  Gland' iiliir  di^eime  of  Barhadops,  (F.)  Jambes 
de  Barbade,  is  the  Elephantiasis  of  many  writers, 
Biicne'mia.  It  is  characterized  by  the  leg  being 
enormously  tumid  and  misshapen ;  skin  thick- 
ened, livid,  and  rugous,  often  seal}';  scrotum, 
arms,  or  other  parts  sometimes  participating  in 
the  affection.  The  Bncne'mia  Trop'ica,  Cochin 
ley.  is  an  affection  of  this  kind. 

Elkphanti'asis  Arab'ica,  Tyri'asin,  El'ephas, 
Elephtniti'anin,  E.  fn'dica,  Ele))hanti'a  Ar'nbiim, 
Lepra  Arabnm  (of  some),  Jfa/adie  glandulaire, 
Ladrerie,  Yaon  Skin  of  the  Polynesians  [?].  In 
this  the  tubercles  are  chiefly  on  the  face  and 
joints.  There  is  loss  of  hair,  except  on  the 
scalp:  voice,  hoarse  and  nasal:  and  the  disease 
is  said  to  be  contagious  and  hereditary.  It  most 
frequently  attacks  the  feet;  and  gives  the  lower 
extremity  a  fancied  resemblance  to  the  leg  of  an 
elephant,  whence  its  name.  The  seat  of  the  dis- 
ease seems  to  be  in  the  lymphatic  vessels  and 
glands,  and  in  the  subcutaneous  areolar  tissue : 
the  inflammatory  condition  of  which  is  accom- 
panied with  general  morbid  symptoms.  Medicine 
lias  little  or  no  effect  on  this  loathsome  complaint. 
See  Lepra. 

ElrphAxVtiasis  ok  Cayenne,  Jfal  rouge  de 
Cayenne,  seems  to  be  a  variety  of  Lepra,  charac- 
terized by  red  and  yellow  spot.s,  occupying  the 
forehead,  cars,  hands,  loins,  <fcc.,  afterwards  ex- 


tending and  becoming  scaly,  with  deformity  of 
the  parts  where  tliey  are  seated,  partieuhirly  of 
the  face  ;  and  ultimately  producing  cruck.s,  ulcers, 
caries,  and  sometimes  death. 

Elephantiasis  of  the  Greeks,  E.  Graco'- 
rttm,  is  probably  the  same  disease  as  Lepra. 

Elephantiasis  op  India  is  characterized  by 
red,  livid,  or  yellowish  spots,  slightly  proiiiinenf, 
to  which  succeed  indolent  tumours,  formed  in  tijc 
areolar  texture.  At  a  more  advanced  period  tlio 
phalanges  swell,  and  become  ulcerated;  the  bones 
of  the  nose  carious,  the  lips  thickened,  and  enm- 
ciation  gradually  carries  off  the  patient.  It  like- 
wise belongs  to  lepra. 

Elephantiasis  Italica,  Pellagra. 
Elephantiasis  ok  Java  is  likewise  a  variety 
of  lepra,  characterized  by  large  white  tumours 
on  the  toes  and  fingers,  resembling  scrof'uhnis 
tumefactions.  These  tumours  ulcerate,  and  tho 
ulcerations  spread  from  the  extremities  towards 
the  trunk,  destroying  even  the  bones.  Amputa- 
tion can  alone  arrest  its  progress.  The  discusc 
is  often  accompanied  by  alopecia,  and  by  an 
eruption  of  re<l  spots. 

ELEPHAN'TINUM  EMPLAS'TRUM,  E\c- 
(pnvTtvov.  An  ancient  plaster,  composed  of  :',{) 
parts  of  ceriinK,  45  of  wax,  oil  tbss,  wal(fr  tbj. — 
Castelli.  Oribasius  and  Celsus  both  mention  a 
plaster  of  this  name,  but  they  are  by  no  means 
similar  in  composition. 

ELEPIIANTOMMA,  Buphth.almia. 
ELEPHAN'TOPUS,  (F.)  Elephantnpe ;  from 
£X£0as,  'elephant,'  and  novs,  'foot.'     One  affected 
with  elephantiasis. 

ELEPHANTUSIA,  Phytelephas  macrocarpii. 
ELEPHAS,  Elephantiasis,  Ivory. 
ELETTARIA     CARDAMOMUM,    Amomura 
cardamomum. 

ELEUTERIA,  Croton  cascarilla. 
ELEVATEUR,  Elevator—^.  Commiin  de  I'nih 
du  nez  et  de  la  levre  auperieure.  Levator  labii  su- 
perioris  alajque  nasi — e.  de  I'CEil,  Rectus  superior 
oculi — e.  de  la  Paiipiere  superieure,  Levator  pul- 
pebric  superioris. 

ELEVATOIRE,  Elevator. 
ELEVA'TIO  U'TERL     Ascent  of  the  uterus. 
This    displacement   occasionally   occurs,  in   the 
unimpregnated  state,  in  connection  with  fibrous 
uterine,  and  enlarged  ovarian  tumours. 

ELEVA'TOR,  Levator,  from  elevare,  (e,  and 
levare.)  'to  lift  up.'  (F.)  Elevateur.  A  muscle, 
whose  function  it  i.s  to  raise  the  part  into  wbicL 
it  is  inserted.     See  Levator. 

Elevator,  Elevato'rium,  Vecfis  elevnto'rins, 
Ele.ratoire.  A  name  given  to  different  surgical 
instruments  employed  for  raising  portions  of  bone 
which  have  been  depressed,  for  raising  and  de- 
taching the  portion  of  bone  separated  by  tlic 
crown  of  the  trepan,  and  for  removing  stumps 
of  teeth. 

Elevator  Ani,  Levator  ani — e.  Labii  inferin- 
ris.  Levator  labii  inferioris  —  e.  Labii  superioris 
proprius.  Levator  labii  superioris  proprius  — c. 
Labiorum  communis,  Levator  anguli  oris  —  e. 
Oculi,  Rectus  superior  oculi — e.  Patienti*,  Leva- 
tor scapulae  —  e.  Scapulae,  Levator  scapulie  — c. 
Tcsticuli,  Cremaster  —  e.  Urethrae,  see  Transver- 
sus  perinaei. 

Elevator,  Common.  This  is  a  mere  lever,  the 
end  of  which  is  somewhat  bent  and  made  rough, 
in  order  that  it  may  less  readily  slip  away  fr»m 
the  portion  of  bone  which  is  to  be  raised.  The 
instrument  is  used,  by  forming  a  fulcrum  for  it, 
either  on  the  hand  which  holds  it,  or  upon  tho 
fingers  of  the  other  hand;  or  by  making  a  fixed 
point  for  it  on  the  edge  of  the  opening  made  with 
the  trephine. 
Elevator  of  Louis  differed  from  the  last  only 


£le ve  ex ter  xe 


02  7 


ELLEBORASTER 


in  the  circnrastance  of  the  screw-peg  being  united 
to  tlic  bridge  by  a,  Itind  of  jiivot  instead  of  hinge, 
80  that  greater  extent  of  motion  was  permitted. 

Ei.EVAToii  OP  Pktit  con?i?ts  of  a  lever  mounted 
on  a  handle,  and  straight  throughout  its  whole 
length,  except  at  its  very  end,  whieh  is  slightly 
curved,  in  order  that  it  may  be  more  conveni- 
ently put  under  the  portion  of  bone  intended  to 
be  elevated.  The  lever  is  pierced  at  various  dis- 
tances from  its  butt-end  with  several  holes,  in- 
tended for  the  reception  of  a  movable  screw-peg, 
fixed  on  the  top  of  a  kind  of  bridge.  This  part 
of  the  instrument  consists  of  an  arch,  the  ends 
of  which  are  long,  and  covered  with  small  pads, 
and  on  its  centre  is  the  screw-peg  already  men- 
tioned. By  means  of  these  holes  the  arm  of  the 
lever  can  be  lengthened  at  pleasure. 

Elkvatou,  Tiup'Lon),  Veciin  tn'ploi'des.  This 
was-so  called  from  its  consisting  of  three  branches, 
uniting  above  in  one  common  trunk.  The  latter 
part  was  traversed  by  a  long  screw,  having  below 
ft  kind  of  hook,  and  above  a  handle  for  turning 
it.  By  turning  the  screw,  the  hook  was  drawn 
up.  and  the  bone  thus  elevated. 

Tbe  simple  lever  is  the  only  one  now  used, 
owing  to  the  want  of  facility  and  advantages  in 
the  use  of  the  others. 

KLEVE  EKTERNE,  see  House-surgeon  —  e. 
Iitl'-nie,  House-surgeon. 

ELEVURICS  (F.),  EfflorencenticB.  A  generic 
name,  including  all  the  exanthemata,  in  which 
there  is  tumefaction  of  the  tissue  of  the  skin. 
See  Exantliem. 

EIjF-LOCK.  a  condition  of  the  hair  in  which 
it  is  malted  and  twisted  into  locks,  as  in  plica. 
Supposed,  in  olden  times,  to  have  been  the  work 
of  elves  or  fairies. 

ELIASTER,  Ilech. 

KLICIIRYSUM,  Solidago  virgaurea— e.  Mon- 
tanuin,  Antennaria  dioica. 

KLICOIDES,  Capreolaris. 

KLUiMA.  Eelectos. 

ELIMINANTIA,  Eccritica. 

KLIMINATIVES,  Eccritica. 

ELIQUATIO,  Colliquation. 

ELIXA'TIO,  E/>ne'sis,  from  eHxtin,  (e,  and  h'x, 
'water,  liquor,  lye,')  'boiled,'  'sodden.'  This 
word  has  been  used  synonymously  with  Decoc- 
tion.    The  act  of  boiling. 

ELIX'IR,  hh;  Ixir,  Quellcs,  Alex'ir.  The 
etymology  of  this  word  is  not  clear.  Lemery 
derives  it  from  tA/cu,  'I  extract;'  and  also  from 
oXc(iu,  '  I  aid.'  Others  believe  it  to  be  from  Ara- 
bic, al-ecnh;  or  nl-tk-eir,  'chymistry.'  An  elixir 
IS  a  medicine  composed  of  various  substances 
held  in  solution  in  alcohol.  The  name  has  been 
used,  however,  for  preparations  which  contain 
no  spirit  of  wine. 

Elixir  Ac"iD05t  Halleri  seu  Dtppel'ii, 
B.  Antlpnday'ricum  seu  Aiitlnephret'icum  seu 
Siilj>hi'r;co.ac"idHm,  Gutta;  ac"id(B  ton'iccB,  Aqua 
Riibe'lii,  Liquor  ac"idus  JfoUeri,  Mistu'ra  snl- 
J)hiCricn.,ic"ida,  JSlker  sulphu'riciia  ac"iduii, 
Ac"idum  siiljihu'n'cum  alcoo/ina'litm,  A.  vilrioV- 
icmn  vhio'mm,  Al'cohol  Siilpliiirica'tion,  A.  sul- 
phu'ricHiit,  is  a  mixture  of  concentrated  sulphuric 
acid  and  alcohol  — in  the  Eau  de  Rnhel,  of  one 
part  of  the  former  to  three  of  the  latter.  It  is 
employed  as  an  astringent  in  hemorrhages,  <fcc. 

fci.iMu  .Aldks,  Tinctura  aloes  coinposita  —  e. 
Anihelminticum  Succorum,  Tinctura  jalapii  com- 
posita. 

Elixir,  ANTi-AsTH»fAT'ic,  of  Boerhaave. 
This  elixir  is  composed  of  nlcnhol,  aniseed,  cam- 
Pfior,  orrin,  anarabacca  root,  cahtmuK  nromaticiis, 
liqiinrlrf,  and  efecampnne.  It  is  given  in  asthma 
in  the  dose  of  20  or  30  drops. 

i^uxiu  A.\riuvi»ocuo.\DUiACUM,  Tinctura  cin- 


chonae  amara  — e.  Antinephreticum,  E.  acidnm 
Halleri — e.  Aperitivum,  Tinctura  aloes  composita. 

Elixir,  A.ntiscrof'ulous  of  Peyriliif, ;  com- 
posed of  weak  alcohol,  subcarbonate  of  polnssp, 
and  gentian  root.     It  is  administered  in  scrofula. 

Elixir,  Boerhaave's,  see  Tinctura  aloes  com- 
posita. 

Elixir,  Carminative,  of  Sylvids,  Tinctura 
carminativa  Sylvii. 

Elixir  Claude'ri,  Clauder's  Elixir.  Made 
by  ma^cerating  for  a  few  days  carbonate  of  pa- 
tdKua  ^5j  ;  aloes,  guaiacnm,  nn/rrh,  saffron,  rhu- 
barb bruised,  of  each  gij  ;  water  f^^xviij  ;  and 
decanting.  Dose,  a  tablespoonful  as  a  laxative 
and  eramenagogue. 

Elixir,  Daffy's,  Tinctura  sennae  comp.  —  e. 
Danorura,  E.  pectorale  regis  Daniae — e.  Foetidum, 
Tinctura  castorei  composita  —  e.  of  Garus.  Tinc- 
tura de  croco  composita  —  e.  Guaiaci  volatilis, 
Tinctura  Guaiaci  aminoniata — e.  Jalapse  compo- 
situin,  Tinctura  jalapii  composita — e.  of  Long 
Life,  Tinctura  aloes  composita — e.  de  Longue  vie, 
Tinctura  aloes  composita  —  e.  d'Or  de  M.  le  Ge- 
neral de  la  iVotte,  Tinctura  seu  Alcohol  sulfurieo- 
ajthercus  — e.  Paregoric,  Edinburgh,  Tinctura 
opii  ammoniata — e.  Paregoricum,  Tinctura  cam- 
phorae  composita  —  e.  Pectorale  dulce,  E.  pecto- 
rale regis  Daniae. 

Elixir  Pkctora'le  Regis  Da'ni^e,  E.  Dano'- 
rum  seu  Ringelman'ni  seu  ex  sncco  glycijrrhi'zm 
seu  2)ect<iru'le  dul'ee  seu  e  succo  llquirit"icB  :  (Sncc. 
glyeyrrhiz.  p.  1;  Aq.  Fa-nicul.  p.  2;  Alcohol  am- 
moniat.  p.  6.  A  formula  in  many  of  the  Pharma- 
copoeias of  continental  Europe.)  With  the  addi- 
tion of  opium  it  constitutes  the  Elixir  ammoni- 
ato-opia'lunt,  Extracti/m  theba'icum  ammoniaea' le 
of  some  Pharmacopoeias. 

Elixir  Pkoi-rietatis,  Tinctura  aloes  compo- 
sita— e.  Purgans,  Tinctura  jalapii  composita — e. 
Radcliffe's,  see  Tinctura  aloes  coinposita — e.  Rhej 
dulce,  Vinum  rhej  palmati  —  e.  Ringelmanni,  E. 
pectorale  regis  Dania>  —  e.  Roborans  AVhyttii, 
Tinctura  cinchona;  amara  —  e.  Sacrum,  Tinctura 
rhej  et  aloes  —  e.  Salutis,  Tinctura  sennae  comp. 

—  e.  Squire's,  see  Tinctura  camphoric  compositii 

—  e.  Stomaohicuni,  Tinctura  gentianae  composita 
— e.  Stomaehicum  spirituosum.  Tinctura  cinchons© 
amara  —  e.  Stoughton's,  see  Tinctura  gentianse 
compositi} — e.  ex  Succo  glycyrrhiza;,  E.  pectorale 
regis  Danite — e.  ex  Succo  liquiritite,  E.  pectorale 
regis  Danorum — e.  Sulphurico-acidum,  E.  acidum 
Halleri  —  e.  Traumaticum,  Tinctura  Benzoini 
composita. 

Elixir  Vit^  of  Mathi'olus  ;  composed  of 
alcohol  and  22  aromatic  and  stimulating  sub- 
stances.    It  was  formerly  employed  in  e])ilepsy. 

Elixir  of  Vitriol,  Sulphuric  acid,  dilute  —  e. 
Vitrioli,  Sulphuricum  acidum  aromaticum  —  e. 
Vitrioli  acido-aromaticum,  Sulphuricum  acidum 
aromaticum  —  e.  Vitrioli  dulce,  Spiritus  setheris 
aromaticus,  Sulphuricum  acidum  aromaticum  — 
e.  Vitrioli  Edinburgensium,  Sulphuricum  acidum 
aromaticum — e.  Vitrioli  Mynsichti,  Sulphuricum 
acidum  aromaticum — e.  of  Vitriol,  sweet,  Spiritus 
aetheris  aromaticus — e.  Vitrioli  cum  tinctura  aro- 
matiea,  Sulphuricum  acidum  aromaticum — e.  of 
Vitriol,  Vigani's,  Spiritus  atheris  aromaticus — e. 
Whyttii,  Tinctura  cinchonoe  amara. 

ELIXIRIUM  ANTISEPTICUM  DOCTORIS 
CHA USSIER,  Tinctura  cinchonas  setherea  com- 
posita. 

ELIXIS,  Eelectos. 

ELIXIVIATION,  Lisiviation. 

ELK,  Cervus  alces — e.  Bark,  Magnolia  macro- 
phylla — e.  Tree,  Andromeda  arborea — e.  Wood, 
Andromeda  arborea,  Magnolia  macropbylla. 

ELKOPLASTY,  Helcoplasty. 

ELLARNE,  Sambucus. 

ELLEBORASTER,  Uelleborus  fcetidus. 


ELLEBORE 


328         EMBARRAS  GASTRIQUE 


ELLEBORE,  Dracontium  foetidum. 
ELLEBORISMUS,  Helleborismus. 
ELLEUOllUM  ALBUM,  Verutrum  album. 
ELLEBORUS  ALBUS,  Veratrum  — e.  Niger, 
HoUeborus  uigcr. 

ELLKX-TREE,  Sambucus. 
ELLiOR,  Alims  gliitinosa. 
ELLERMAN'SDEO'DORIZING  FLUID.  An 
fiiuibroinic  or  remover  of  odours  —  said  to  be  a 
solution  of  a  persalt  of  iron. 
ELLET,  Sambucus. 
ELLIPTIC,  Oval. 

ELLYCH'NIOTOS,  from  tWvxviov,  'the  wick 
of  a  lamp.'  A  sort  of  tent,  used  by  the  ancient 
surgeons,  so  called  because  it  was  shaped  like  a 
ivick,  or  because  it  was  made  of  a  similar  material. 
ELM,  COMMON,  Ulmus— e.  Red,  Ulmus  Ame- 
ricana— e.  Rougli-leaved,  Ulmus  Americana — e. 
Slipperv,  Ulmus  Americana. 

ELMINTHOCORTON,  Corallina  Corsicana. 
ELXORXE.  Sambucus. 

ELO'DES,  Helo'des,  Paludal,  Marshy,  (F.)  3Ia- 
rec(ujeux,  Paludeen,  Pidustre.  Febrh  elo'des  seu 
helo'des  seu  pnlndo'sa,  Hvlop'yra,  Hclopyr'etos, 
from  'tXt>5,  'a  marsh,'  and  uboi,  'resemblance.' 
Marsh  fever.  (F.)  Fievre  intcrmitleute  ptdu- 
deeniie,  F.  paludeenne  ou  Mareninintitjiie,  because 
it  prevails  in  the  Maremma  district  of  Iftily. 
Also,  a  kind  of  fever,  characterized  by  great 
moisture  or  sweating. 
ELO.ME,  Orpiment. 

ELONGA'TION,  Parnfhro'mn,  Elonga'tio, 
from  etovi/are,  elongatum,  (e,  and  longus.)  'to 
lengthen.'  'e.xtend.'  An  incomplete  lu.xation,  in 
which  the  ligaments  of  an  articulation  are  stretched 
and  the  limb  lengthened,  without  total  luxation. 
The  word  has  also  been  used  for  the  extension  re- 
quired in  the  reduction  of  fractures  and  luxations, 
and  for  the  increased  length  of  limb,  (F.)  AUnngc- 
ment.  in  diseases  and  dislocations  of  the  hip-joint. 
ELREN,  Sambucus. 
ELTII,  see  Age. 

ELUTRIATIO,  Decantation,  Elutriation. 
ELUTRIA'TION,  Elmria'tio;  originally  from 
e.liio,  (c,  and  luo,  '  1  wash,')  '  I  wash  away,  I 
rinse.'  In  pharmacy  a  process  by  which  the 
finer  particles  of  a  powder  are  separated  from  the 
coarser.  It  consists  in  diffusing  the  powder  in 
water,  allowing  the  larger  and  heavier  particles 
to  subside,  and  then  decanting  the  liquor,  that 
the  finer  particles  may  subside. 

ELU'VIES,  same  etymon.    An  inordinate  dis- 
charge of  any  fluid,  and  also  the  fluid  itself.     In 
the  works  of  some  authors  it  is  particularly  ap- 
plied to  the  mucus  which  flows  from  the  vagina 
ill  cases  of  leucorrhoea. 
ELUXATION,  Luxation. 
ELYTRATRESIA,  Colpatresia. 
ELYTREURYNTER,  Speculum  vaginae. 
ELYTRITIS,  Colposis,  Leucorrhoea. 
ELYTROBLENNORRIKEA,  Leucorrhoea  (va- 
ginal). 

EL'YTROCE'LE,  from  c}.vTpov,  'a,  vagina  or 
sheath,'  and  KijXtj,  'a  tumour.'  Vogcl  has  given 
this  name  to  vaginal  hernia,  Colpoce'le. 

ELYTRODES  (tunica),  Vaginal  coat  of  the 
ti'sticle. 

ELYTRCEDE'MA,    Coleoede'ma,    Colpoede'ma, 
from  [KvTfiov.  '  a  vagina   or  sheath,'  and  oiirijia, 
'oedema.'     ffidema  of  the  vagina. 
ELYTROITIS,  Colposis. 

EL'YTRON,  from  eXuu),  'I  involve.'  A  sheath. 
The  vagina.  The  membranes  which  envelope 
the  spinal  marrow  are  called  elytra. 

ELYTROX'CUS,  E/i/trophy'ma,  from  e).vTpov, 
'a.  vagina  or  sheath,'  and  oyKOf,  'a  tumour.'  A 
swelling  of  the  vagina. 

ELYTROPAP'PUS  RIIINOCERO'TIS.  A 
South  African  bush,  Nat.  Ord.  Compositae,  the 


wliole  of  which  is  bitter  and  resinous.  The  tops 
of  the  branches,  infused  in  wine  or  brandy,  mako 
excellent  bitters.  The  tops  arc  also  given  in 
powfler  to  children  affected  with  diarrha-a. 

ELYTROPIIYMA,  Elytroncus. 

EL'YTROPLAS'TY,  Efijlruphia'tice ;  from 
t\vTj)ov,  'the  vagina,'  and  vhtaoia,  '  I  form.'  The 
operation  for  restoration  of  the  vagina. 

ELYTROPTOSIS,  Prolapsus  vagina;. 

ELYTRORRIIAGIA,  Colporrhagia. 

ELYTROR'RIIAPUY,  Elytrorrhaph'iii,  Col- 
por'rhapy,  Kulpor' ihciphij ;  from  tS.vrpov,  'tllO 
vagina,'  and  pnipr],  'a  suture.'  The  operation  of 
closing  the  vagina  by  suture  in  cases  of  prociden- 
tia uteri. 

EM  and  EN,  cv,  'in,  into,  within;'  also  'ex- 
cess:'  frequently  used  in  this  last  sense  by  Dr. 
Good.  A  common  prefix,  generally  answering  to 
the  prefixes  -im  and  in,  in  English.  In  composi- 
tion, before  /3,  jt,  0,  -J/,  and  /i,  the  v  is  changed 
into  ji;  before  y,  k,  ^,  and  x>  '"'o  Y>  before  X, 
into  X  ;  and  before  />  gener.ally  into  p. 

EMACIATE,  3Iaceii'cere,  Tahen'cere,  (F.) 
Amaigrir ;  from  emruinre,  emaciritum,  (e,  and 
maceo,  'to  be  lean,')  'to  grow  lean.'  To  luso 
flesh,  to  become  lean,  to  waste  away. 

EMACIA'TION,  Emacia'tio,  Ejcteniut'Hn,  Ma', 
cies,  Macritu'do,  Jt/acror,  3ln>eo'res,  Skcleli'a, 
Leptysm'us,  Leptyn'sis,  Pingned'iiiia  diminu'tio, 
(F.)  Arnaigrissement,  Deperissement.  That  con- 
dition of  the  body,  or  of  a  part  of  the  body,  in 
which  it  grows  lean.  The  state  of  one  who  is 
lean^ — Leaniiesi,  Isch'notes,  (F.)  3l(iigreHr. 

EMAIL  DES  DENTS,  Enamel  of  the  teeth. 

EMAfLLOTAGE  (F.),  from  mmllot,  'swath- 
ing or  svi'addling  clothes.'  The  'wrapping  up'  or 
'packing  up'  in  dry  or  wet  sheets,  which  is  prnc- 
tised  in  hydropathic  establishments  to  induce 
sweating. 

EMANA'TION,  Emana'tio,  Efflu'vbm,  from 
emanrire,  emnnatnm,  (e,  and  mannre.)  'to  issue 
or  flow  from.'  The  term  is  applied  to  a  body 
which  proceeds  or  draws  its  origin  from  other 
bodies — such  as  the  light  which  emauntm  from 
the  sun  ;  the  miasm  which  arises  from  the  putrid 
decomposition  of  animal  or  vegetable  substances, 
&c.     See  Miasm. 

EMAN'SIO  MEN'SIUM,  from  e,  and  wanere, 
mannum,  'to  stay.'  This  term  has  been  applied 
to  amenorrhoea  or  obstruction  of  the  menses  be- 
fore they  have  been  established.  Some  have 
used  it  for  the  retention  which  occurs  even  after 
they  have  been  established.  The  former  is  the 
general  acceptation. 

EMARGINATIO,  Echnncrure,  Notch. 
EMARGINATURA,  Eehanerure,  Notch. 
EMASCULA'TION,  Emnscula'tio,  from  cmni- 
cnlare,    (e,  and   masciihis,  'a  male,')  'to  render 
impotent.'     The  act  of  removing  or  destroying 
the  generative  organs  of  a  male  animal. 
EMASCULATUS,  Castratus,  Eunuch. 
EMBALM'ING,  from  em,  en,  'in,' and  baha- 
mum,  '  balsam.'     Bahama'tio,  Smyrnh'mon,  Ce- 
dci'a,  Pollinctu'ra,  Necrocedi'n,    Cotulitii'ra   Ca- 
dav'erum,  (F.)  Emhanmcment,  Iinhnhnntntloii.  An 
operation    which    consists    in    impregnating  the 
dead  body  with  substances  capable  of  preventing 
it  from  becoming  putrid,  and  thus  putting  it  in  a 
condition  to  be  preserved. 

E.MBAM'MA,  Apobmn'mn,  Bnnmn,  from  i/i- 
PaTvru),  (epi,  and  /Sairru,  '  I  dip,')  '  I  immerse.'  A 
medicated  pickle  or  sauce. — Gorrieus. 
EMHARRAS,  Emphraxis. 
EM  HA  lilt  AS  GASTHrQUE{¥.),  Gmtncdii- 
order  or  impediment,  Co/ln'vies  goD'trica,  Sordei 
primii'rnm  t^ia'rum,  Stattis  gns'trieiis,  Gmtff 
atax'ia,  {¥.)  Gaatricite.  Disorder  of  the  stomach, 
in  which  there  is  loss  of  appetite,  with  bitterness 


EMBARRAS 


3 '2  9 


emEtiser 


and  clamminess  of  mouth,  white  and  yellow 
lipiigue,  i'oeling  of  oppression  in  the  epigastrium, 
and  souietiiiies  pain  in  that  region,  nausea  and 
bilious  or  bitter  vomiting;  this  state  being  ac- 
cdinpaiiied  with  headach,  lassitude,  and  pain  in 
the  liack  and  limbs. 

EMIiARUAS  G ASTRO-INTESTINAL,  Gas- 
iio-inlex'tiiiul  disorder.  Slight  gastro-enteritis, 
according  to  the  Broussaists,  in  which  the  synip- 
tuins  of  the  Embarrae  </astrique  and  E.  ititentinal 
are  united. 

EM  IS  ARRAS  INTESTINAL,  lutes' tinal  die- 
order.  The  principal  characters  assigned  to  this 
are: — tension  of  the  abdomen  colic,  borborygmi, 
discharge  of  flatus  peranum,  constipation  or  diar- 
rhoea, <tc. 

EMIiARRURE,  Engisoma. 

i;.1///.-l  UMEMENT,  Embalming. 

EM/!OITE.)lENT{F.).  '  Encasing,'  from  em, 
'in,'  and  hoite,  'a  box.'  Eiiadelphi'a,  Endit- 
delplil'ii,  Enlerndelphi'n.  This  term  has  been 
applied  to  the  theory  of  generation  \vhi(^h  con- 
fidurs  that  the  germs  are  encased  in  each  other 
in  tlie  ovary  of  the  female,  in  such  sort  that  they 
nre  developed  in  succession  after  impregnation. 
It  is  the  theory  of  encasing  of  germs,  or  of  mons- 
tronily  hij  inc/iciioii. 

E.UIlOiTURE,  Diarthrosis. 

EM'BOLE,  from  r/y/JuXAu.,  (c/i  and  jSanoi,)  'I 
put  in  place.'  Reduction  of  a  luxated  bone. 
RepiiHii"io.     Also,  a  plug,  as  of  a  blood-vessel. 

E.MIJOJJMOS.  Intercalary. 

E.MHOLUM  CEREBRI,  Infundibulum  of  the 
bruin. 

EMIiONROINT,  (F.)  'In  good  point  or 
pli;;lit.'  Hiinii  air'poris  hahila'do.  The  state 
of  the  animal  body  when  in  full  health.  Exces- 
sive emhiinjjijiiit  constitutes  corpulence  and  obe- 
sity, and  mav  become  a  morbid  condition. 

EM  HON  POINT  EXCESSIF,  Poiysarciaadi- 
posa. 

EMBORTSMA,  Aneurism. 

E.MBOWELLING,  Exenterismus. 

EMliRKGMA.  Embrocation. 

EMDRUCATIO,  Embrocation,  Irrig.ntion. 

EMBRUCA'TIOxX,  Embroca'tio,  Embrcij'ma, 
Eiii'bniclie,  liiiplii'rinm,  from  tfij3i)e)(^w,  (t//,  and 
fti£X"'  'I  «'*-'t,')  'I  dip  in.'  A  fluid  application 
to  be  rubbed  on  any  part  of  tl)e  body.  It  is 
often  used  synonymijusly  with  liniment.  Origi- 
nally it  was  euipluyed  in  the  sense  of  Fomeniu- 
lion. 

E.MBnocATioN,  GuESToxiAN,  see  Oleum  Tere- 
biiithinie  reetificatum. 

EMBROCIIE,  Embrocation. 

EM'DRYO,  Em'bri/nii,  from  cv,  'in,'  and  l3pv(a, 
'I  grow.'  Cyc'ina.  Tlie  fecundated  germ,  in  the 
early  stngos  of  its  development  in  utero.  At  a 
certain  period  of  its  increase,  the  name/u'/os  is 
given  to  it,  but  at  what  period  is  not  determined. 
Generally,  the  embri/o  state  is  considered  to  ex- 
tend to  the  jieriod  of  quickening. 

K.MnilYOC'TONY,  Fa-tHs  tmcida'tio,  from 
tfiii^vov,  'the  embryo,'  and  ktovo^,  'destruction.' 
The  act  of  destroying  a  foetus  in  utero,  when  in- 
stirmountable  obstacles  —  as  certain  deformities 
of  the  |H'lvis — oppose  delivery. 

K.MBRYOG'RAPIIY,  Embryogra'phia,  from 
ciii3fWoi>,  'the  embryo,'  and  ypa^v<  'a  description.' 
The  piirt  of  anatomy  which  describes  the  embrvo. 

E.MBRYOL'OGY,  Embnjoloi/'ia,  from  ciiff^vov, 
'  the  embryo,'  and  >oyoj,  '  a  description.'  The 
doi'trine  of  embryonic  description. 

E.MBRYON'IC,  Embrynn'icm.  (F.)  Emhryo- 
nujue,  Embryonnaire  ;  same  etymon  as  embryo. 

Relating   or   appertaining   to   an    embryo: as 

'embn/onic  life.' 

EMBRYONIQUE,  Embryonic. 


EMBRYONNAIRE,  Embryonic. 

EMBRYOTIILAS'TA,  Embry„thh,s'tes,  Em- 
bryothlns'tum,  (F.)  Embryotome,  from  tn^f,vov, 
'  the  embryo,'  and  5Aau,  '  I  break.'  An  instru.. 
ment  for  dividing  the  foetus  piecemeal,  in  order 
to  effect  delivery.  A  crotchet  or  other  instru- 
ment, used,  in  certain  cases  of  laborious  parturi- 
tion, to  break  the  bones  of  the  foetus,  for  the 
purpose  of  extracting  them  with  greater  facility. 
— Ilippocrates,  Galen. 

EiMBRYOTOCIA,  Abortion. 

EMRR  YOTOME,  Embryothlasta. 

EMBRY'OT'OMY',  Embryotom'ia,  froin  tji^pvov, 
'an  embryo,'  and  rmvtiv,  'to  cut.'  A  division  of 
the  fojtus  into  fragments,  to  extract  it  by  piece- 
meal, when  the  narrowness  of  the  pelvis  or  other 
faulty  conform.ntion  op])oses  delivery. 

EMBRYOT'ROPIIY,  Embryotroph'ia,  from 
tppfivov,  'the  embryo,'  and  Tporpr/,  'nourishment.' 
Fa'tal  nutrition  ;    Cyol'rophy. 

EMBRYUL'CIA,  Embrynsterxd'eia,  from  £/»- 
Ppvov,  'embryo,  foetus,'  and  t\Kia,  'I  extract,'  'I 
draw.'  A  surgical  operation,  by  which  the  foetus 
is  extracted  by  means  of  appropriate  instruments, 
when  faulty  conformation  or  other  circumstances 
prevent  delivery  by  the  natural  efforts. 

EMBRl'UL'CUS,  £'('ci(«'<e)-,  same  etymon.  An 
iron  hook  or  crotchet,  described  by  Fabricius  ab 
Aquapendcnte,  which  was  used  to  extract  the 
foetus  in  some  cases  of  laborious  labour. 

EMBRYUSTERULCIA,  Embryulcia. 

EMENDANS,  Corrigent. 

EMERAUDE.  Smaragdus. 

EMERODS,  Il^morrhois. 

EMESIA,  Vomiturition. 

EMESIS,  Vomiting. 

EMETATROPH'IA,  from  f,,£w,  '  I  vomit,'  and 
aTpo<j,ta,  '  want  of  nourishment.'  Atrophy  induced 
by  vomiting. 

EMETIA,  Emetine. 

EiMET'IC,  Eniet'icum,  Vomifo'ritim,  Vom'itory, 
Vomit,  Fnke,  (Pro v.)  Pivk,  from  tptu).  'I  vomit.' 
A^  substance  capable  of  producing  vomiting.  (F.) 
Emetiqtie.  [This  term  is  also  restricted  by  the 
French  to  tartnrized  antimony  —  the  emetic,  as  it 
were,  2inr  e.rceNence.^      Vomitif. 

Tartarizcd  antimony,  emetine,  ipecacuanha, 
and  sulphate  of  zinc,  are  the  chief  emetics. 
They  are  valuable  agents  in  disease,  and  may 
either  act  primarily  on  the  stomach,  or  seconda- 
rily on  other  parts  of  the  system, —the  sym- 
pathy between  the  stomach  and  other  parts  of 
the  body  being  very  extensive,  and  an  impor- 
tant object  of  study. 

The  following  are  the  usual  emetics:  —  Anti- 
monii  et  Potassae  Tartras  ;  Cupri  Acetas  ;  Cupri 
Sulphas;  Emetina ;  Gillenia;  Hydrargyri  Sul- 
phas Flavus;  Ipecacuanha;  Lobelia;  Sanguina- 
ria:  Scilla;  Sinapis,  and  Zinei  Sulphas. 

Emetic  Root,  Euph<jrbia  coroilata — e.  Tartar, 
Antimoniura  tartarizatum — e.  Weed,  Lobelia 
inflata. 

EMETICOLOGIA,  Emetology. 

EM'ETIXE.  Emeti'na,  Emet'ia,  Vom'itine,  Ce- 
phaelinum.  A  vegetable  alkali,  discovered  by 
M.  Pelletier  in  ipecacuanha,  ar>d  to  which  it  owes 
its  emetic  power.  It  is  obtained  from  different 
ipecacuanhas,  but  chiefly  from  psychot'rin  emet'- 
ica,  cnllicoc'ca  ■ipecacunn'ha,  and  vi'o/a  emet'ica. 
It  is  in  transparent  scales,  of  a  reddish-brown 
colour,  almost  inodorous,  of  a  bitter,  slightly 
aerid  taste:  is  unchangeable  in  the  air.  solulle  in 
water  and  alcohol,  and  insoluble  in  ether.  Three 
grains  of  impure  emetia  or  one  grain  of  pure  are 
equal  to  IS  of  ipecacuanha.     See  Ipecacuanha. 

E  M  E  TI  QUE,  Antimonium  tartarizatum. 
Emetic. 

EJi£tISER   (F.).      To    cause   vomiting    by 


EMETO-CATHARSIS 


330 


EMPHYMA 


emetics.  In  French  pharmncy,  it  is,  likewise, 
used  to  signify  the  addition  of  Emetine  —  tartrate 
of  antimony  and  potassa — to  a  medicinal  pre- 
paration. 

E.METO-CATHARSIS.  see  Eraeto-cathartic. 
EM'ETO-CATHAK'TIC,     Em'efo-cathar'tlcus, 
from  e/icTOf,  •vomiting,'  and  Ka^apriKoi,  'a.  purga- 
tive.'    A  remeily,  which  at  the  same  time  excites 
vomitinir  and  purging — Ein'eto-cathar'sis. 

EMETOL'OGY,  Emetohx/'ia,  Emeticolog"ia, 
from  tficToi,  'vomiting,'  and  \oyoi,  'a  discourse.' 
A  treiitise  on  vomiting,  and  on  emetics. 

EM'INENCE,  Eiiihien'fin,  Protuber<in'tia,Ex'- 
oche,  Ecanthe'ma.  A  projection  at  the  surface 
of  a  healthy  or  diseased  organ. 

EMINENCE  PORTE  ANTERTEURE,  Lo- 
bulus  anonymus  —  e.  Porte  poslerieure,  Lobulus 
Spigelii — e.  Sni-pubiennr,  Mons  veneris. 

EMINENCES  BIGl^MINEES,  Quadrigemi- 
na  corpora  —  e.  Laterales,  Corpora  olivaria  —  e- 
Pi/ramiilales,  Corpora  pyramidalia  —  e.  Vermi- 
fovmes  (ill  cerve.let,  Vermiforines  processus. 

EMIXENTIA,  Protuberantia  —  e.  Annularis, 
Pons  viirolii — e.  Pyramidalis,  Crista  vestibuli — e. 
Thyreoidoa.PomumAdami — e.  Tvmpani,Pyramid. 
E.MINENTI.E  BIGEMIN^E,  Quadrigemina 
tubereula — e.  Candicantes,  Maminilhiry  Tubercles 
—  e.  Lentioulares,  Corpora  striata — e.  Magna) 
cerebri,  Tlialami  nervorum  opticorura  — -  e.  Medi- 
an.B  IiiternsB,  Corpora  pyramidalia — e.  Olivaros, 
Corpora  olivaria — e.  Ovales  Laterales,  Corpora  oli- 
varia— e.  Pyrainidales,  Corpora  pyraniicialia — e. 
QuadrigerainiB,  Quadrigemiua  tubereula — e.  To- 
retes.  Processus  teretes. 

EMISSAIRE,  Emunotory, 
EMISSA'RIA  SANTORI'NI,  (F.)  Emissnires 
de  Santoriiii.  A  name  given  to  some  small  veins, 
■which  communicate  with  the  sinuses  of  the  dura 
mater,  by  apertures  in  the  cranium.  Such  are  the 
parietal,  posterior  condyloid,  mastoid  veins,  Ac. 

EMISSIO,  Emission — e.  Seminis,  Sperma- 
tismus. 

EMIS'SION,  Emie'sio,  from  emittere,  (e,  and 
mittere,  niissum,)  'to  send  out,'  'drive  out.'  The 
act  by  which  any  matter  whatever  is  thrown  from 
the  body.  Thus,  we  say  Emission  of  urine,  Emis- 
sion of  semen,  <fcc. 

EMISSION  SANGUINE,  Bloodletting. 
EMMEN'AGOt^UES,  Emmenorjo';;n,  Enmeni- 
ago'ga,  Am.e'iiia,  from  tfiiinvn,  '  the  menses,'  and 
ayo), '  I  drive,' or 'expel.'  Men'nf/ogues.  A  name 
given  to  medicines  believed  to  have  the  power  of 
favouring  the  discharge  of  the  menses.  There 
is  probably  no  substance  which  possesses  this 
power  directly.  According  to  different  condi- 
tions of  the  system,  the  most  opposite  reme- 
dies may  act  as  emmenagogues.  Block  helle- 
bore, savin,  madder,  polyr/ala  senega,  and  ergot, 
are  reputed  to  be  specific  emmenagogues.  The 
following  list  comprises  the  chief  of  them:  — 
Cunila  Pulegioides;  Hellcborus  Niger;  Mentha 
Pulegium;  Rosmarinus;  Rubia;  Sabina;  Secale 
Corniitum  :  Senega,  and  Tanacetum. 

EMMENAGOLOGr'TA,  from  eiiiiwayiaya,  and 
Xoyoi.  '  discourse.'     A  treatise  of  emmenagogues. 
EMMENTA,  Menses. 
EMMENIAGOliA,  Emmenagogues. 
E.MMBNOLOG"IA,  from  eiipitjva,  'menses,'  and 
Xoytf.  '  a  discourse.'     A  treatise  on  menstruation. 
EMMENOLOG"ICAL,  Emmenolog"icus:  same 
etymon  as  the  last.     Relating  or  appertaining  to 
menstruation. 

EMMYXIUM  ARTTCULARB,  Ilydrarthus. 

EMOLLIENTIA,  Emollients. 

EMOL'LIENTS,      Emollien'tia,     Mallhac'tica, 

Rdaxm'tia.     Epiceras'tio.a,     Malnc'ticn,     Lubri- 

cait'lin,    Malacopae'a,   Mollien'tia,   from    emnllire, 

Ce,  and  mollire,  '  to  soften.')     Substances  which 


relax  and  soften  parts  that  are  inflamed,  or  too 
tense.  They  are  used  both  internally  and  extcr- 
nally  :  as  tlie  former,  however,  consist  of  miicj. 
laginous  substances,  they  are  generally  reckoned 
as  demulcents  :  the  latter,  or  proper  emollients, 
consist  of  oils,  cataplasms,  fomentations,  Ae. 
Oleaginous  bodies,  rubbed  on  a  i)art,  act  by  di- 
minishing  its  cohesion.  Fomentations,  in  eases 
of  internal  inflammation,  act  probably  ttirongh 
contiguous  sympathy.  The  following  are  tlie 
chief  emollients:  —  Adeps  ;  Amygdalae  Oleum; 
Avense  Farina;  Cera;  Cetaceum  ;  Linum:  Olivaa 
Oleum;   Sesamum;   Tritici  Farina,  and  IJlnuis. 

EMOLLITIES,  MoUities— e.  Morbosa,  Molli- 
ties — e.  Ossium,  Mollities  ossium — e.  Uteri  Mor- 
bosa, Hysteromalacia. 

EMOLLITIO,  Mollities— e.  Ventriculi,  Gastro- 
malacia. 

EMONCTOIRE,  Emunctory. 
EMOPTOE,  Haemoptysis. 
EMOTIO,  Delirium,  Luxation,  Passion. 
EMO'TIONAL,  from   emotin,   (e,    'from,'  and 
moveo,  motnm,'  to  move.')     Relating  to  emotion 
or  passion  independently  of  the  will: — hence  an 
'emotional  or  instinctive  impulse.' 
EMPASMA,  Cataplasma. 

EMPATEMENT,  from  emputer,  'to  render 
pasty  or  doughy,'  A  non-inflammatory  engorge- 
ment, which  retains,  more  or  less,  the  iuipressiun 
of  the  finger. 

EMPATIIE'MA,    Ma'nia    a    pathc'mnli,    (F.) 
Manic  sans  ilelire;  ungovernable  passion  ;  from 
Cjji,  '  in,'  and  iraSoj,  '  sufiering.'     Fixed  delusion. 
EMPEIRIA,  Experience. 
EMPETRUM,  Herniaria  glabra. 
EM'PHLYSIS,  from   c/i,   'in,'  and  tp^va.i,  'a, 
vesicular  tumour  or  eruption  ;'  Ich'orotm  E.rnii'- 
them.     An    eruption   of  vesicular    pimples,  filled 
progressively   with    an    acrid   and   colourless,  or 
nearly  colourless,  fluid ;  terminating  in  scurf  or 
laminated  scabs.     A  genus  in  the  order  Exatithe- 
molicn,  class  Haimatiea  of  Good. 

E.MPHLYsis  Aphtha,  Aphthiie,  Stomatitis,  aph- 
thous—  e.  Erysipelas,  Erysipelas  —  e.    Miliaria, 
Miliary    fever  —  c.  Pemphigus,    Pemphigus  —  e. 
Vaccina  inserta,  Vaccina — e.  Varicella,  Varicella. 
EMPIIRACTIC,  Emphracticus. 
EMPHRACTICA,  Physconia. 
EMPHRACTICUS,  Emphrac'tic,  from  E/i^S/inT- 
Tu),  {cfi,  and  <ppaTT(j),  'I  shut  up,')   'I  dose,'  'I 
obstruct.'      Emptas'ticns,     Emplattoni'enos.     Any 
substance  which,  when  applied  to  the  skin,  was 
presumed  to  close  the  pores. 

EMPHRAG'MA,  same  etymon.  Ohtnramen'- 
tum,  Impedimen'ium.  Anything  that  obstructs. 
Hippocrates  uses  this  term  to  designate  the  ob- 
stacle  to  delivery  on  the  part  of  the  fostus,  when 
the  presentation  is  preternatural. 

Emphragma  Lachymalb,  Fistula  lacryma- 
lis  -e.  Salivare,  Ranula. 

EMPIIRAX'IS,  OhHtrnc'tio,  Obturn'tto,  Oppi- 
la'tio,  Infarc'tns,  Infirc'tio,  Farcins,  Farias,  I»- 
fnrc'tion.  Same  etymon.  '  Obstruction.'  An 
Enibarras  or  repletion  of  canals  or  cavities  by 
any  substance,  which  is  either  morbid  from  quan- 
tity or  quality. 

Bmphraxis  Hepatis,  Hepateraphraxis. 
EMPHYMA,  Tumour  — e.  Encystis,  Eneystis 
—  e.  Encystis  atheroma.  Atheroma  —  e.  Encystis 
ganglion.  Ganglion,  Testudo  —  e.  Encystis  meli- 
ceris,  Meliceris  —  e.  Encystis  steatoma,  Steatoma 
— e.  Exostosis  ossea,  Exostosis — e.  Exostosis  pe- 
riostea, Node — e.  Sarcoma,  Sarcoma — e.  Sarcoma 
adiposura,  Adipose  sarcoma — e.  Sarcoma  cellulo- 
sum.  Cystic  sarcoma  —  e.  Sarcoma  mamniarum, 
Mammary  sarcoma — e.  Sarcoma  pancreaticum, 
Pancreatic  sarcoma  —  e.  Sarcoma  scirrbosum. 
Scirrhous   sarcoma  —  e.    Sarcoma  tuberculosum, 


EMPHYSEMA 


331 


EMPLASTRUM 


Tul)orculatc    sarcoma  —  e.  Sarcoma  vusculosum, 
barcDinii,  vascular. 

EMIMIYSE'MA,  from  £/i0u<rau),  {iv,  and  (pvaaw, 
'I  blow,')  '  I  inflate.'      Injta'tio,  Empueumnto'iiis, 
S(irci'U-8    flatHo'siiH,    Eiiipliyne'iiin    celltda're    seu 
piieitnKilo'sia,     I'liynon'cus,     Tumor     jUiliilen'tiis, 
J'neiiniHto' HiH,    Injld'tion,    ]Viiid-(l>f>pnij,    (F.)  Em- 
phuxeine,  Afretliyiiu'e. — Piorry.    This  terra  is  com- 
iiiouly  applied  to  any  white,  crepitant,  shining, 
clastic,    indolent    tumour    of    the    integuments, 
caused  by  the  introduction  of  air  into  tiie  areolar 
te.vture,  Aeiodermecto'sia.    Injuries  of  the  larynx, 
trachea,  or  lungs  ;  fractures  of  the  ribs,  or  wounds 
penetrating    the    chest,    are    the    most    frequent 
causes  of  this  affection,  which  is  owing  to  the  air 
escaping  from  the  air-passage.s,  and   insinuating 
itself  into  the    areolar  texture    surrounding    the 
wound.     There  are  some  cases    of   emphysema, 
which  are  owing  to  internal  causes;  and  hence  a 
division  has  been  made  into  the  accidental  and 
guiiiplomdllc,  and  the  sponUuieoim  and  idiopathic. 
Emi'iivskma  Abdomims,  Tympanites. 
Emphvsk'ma    of    thk  Lungs,  E.  Piifmo'num, 
Anlhmii    aereiim    ab    Eiii))hyHc'iHate    Pidmo'viim, 
Piieitmuto'&ln  I'll  I  III  (/nil  III,  Pneumonec'taiiis,  Piieu- 
viec'tnula,    (F.)     Pneiimoectanie,    Eniphynciiie     du 
Pduiiwu.     a  considerable  pressure   or   contusion 
of  the  chest,  or  any  violent   concussion  of  the 
lung,  may  produce  a  laceration    in   that  viscus, 
without  injury  being  done  to  the  parietes  of  the 
thorax,  and  may  give  place  to  the  infiltration  of 
air  into  the  areolar  texture,  interlah'idur  einplii/- 
seiiKi.     Laennec  has  described  another  species  of 
emphysema  of  the  lungs,  Vesic'idur  eiiiplii/scni<i, 
Aeropnenmanaaie,  Aert>piieiiiiiiiiiect(inie  of  Piorry, 
consisting  in  excessive  dilatation  of  the  air-cells, 
some  of  which  become  as  large  as  hemp-seed,  ul- 
timately break,  and  give  rise  to  irregular  vesicles 
at  the  surface  of  the  lung,  some  of  which  are  as 
large  as  a  hazel-nut.     Phijaical  aii/ns.     The  tho- 
rax externally,  generally  or  locally,  appears  un- 
naturally convex  and  prominent.     The  intercos- 
tal   spaces    are    widened,    but    depressed.     The 
inspiratory  efforts  are  increased.     The  sound  on 
percussion  is  morbidly  clear,  but  not  tj'mpanitic. 
On  auscultation,  the  inspiratory  murmur  is  feeble 
or  suppressed.     The  expiration,  which  is    more 
frequently  audible,   is   prolonged,  laborious    and 
wheezing.     There  are  no  certain  physical  signs 
which    can    distinguish    interlobular    emphi/seina 
from  the  vesicular. 

Emphysema  under  the  pleuro-pulmonalis  is 
termed,  by  Piorry,  Aerethmopneumonie. 

Emphysema  Pectoims,  Pneumothorax  —  e. 
Scroti,  Physocele — e.  Tympanites,  Tympanites — 
e.  Uteri,  Hysterophysis,  I'liysometra. 

EMIMIVSEM'ATOUS,  Emplii/Hemato'suii;  same 
etymon.  Relating  or  appertaining  to  emphysema, 
EMPHYSEME,  Emphysema — e.  du^Pouinon, 
Eniplivsoma  of  the  lunss. 

EMIMIYTUM  THEllMUM,  Biolychnium. 
EMP'IRIC,  Einpi'ricuH,  from  cfAireipia,  (cv,  and 
Tfipij,  'a  trial,')  'experience.'  One  who  follows 
only  experience.  A  sect  of  ph3'sicians,  who  re- 
jected all  theory,  and  took  for  their  guide  expe- 
rience alone.  It  was  opposed  to  the  dogmatic 
sect.  The  Empiric  sect  prevailed  till  near  the 
time  of  tJalcn.  Among  its  most  eminent  mem- 
bers, after  Philinus  and  Serapion,  were  Apollo- 
nius,  Glaucias,  Baecbius  of  Tanagra,  and  Zeuxis, 
both  disciples  of  Herophilus, — Ileraclides  of  Ta- 
rentara,  Cleophantus.  master  of  Asclepiades,  Me- 
nodotus  of  Nicomedia,  and  Theudas  of  Laodicea. 
They  occupied  themselves,  chiefly,  with  discover- 
ing the  properties  of  drugs,  and  did  important 
service,  in  this  manner,  to  medicine. 

-Vt  the  present  day,  the  word  Empiric  is  only 
taken  in  a  bad  sense,  being  employed  in  nearly 
the  same  sijjnilication  as  ckurlatan  or  quack. 


EMPIRICE,  Empiricism. 

EMPIR'ICISM  ;  same  etymon.  Empi'ricn  Am, 
Empi'riee,  (F.)  Eiiipirimne.  Medicine  founded 
on  experience.  It  generally,  at  the  present  day, 
signifies  qnnchery. 

EMPIRISME,  Empiricism. 
EMPLAS'TICUS.     Same  etymon  as  the  next. 
Also,  a  remedy  which  adh-eres,  as  a  plaster,  to  the 
surface,  and    in    this    manner  may  obstruct  the 
pores:  an  emphractio. 

EMPLASTRO-EXDERMIC,  Endermic. 
EMPLAS'TRUM,  from  the  Greek  cfin^accb,, 
{cv,  and  irXacativ,  'to  form,')  'I  spread  upon,' 
(F.)  Eiiipldtre,  Slearate.  A  solid  and  tenacious 
compound,  adhesive  at  the  ordinary  heat  of  the 
human  body.  Some  of  the  plasters  owe  their 
consistence  to  wax  and  resin  ;  and  others  to  the 
chemical  union  which  takes  place  between  the 
semivitreous  oxide  of  lead  and  oil.  Most  of 
them  become  too  consistent  by  age.  When  such 
is  the  case,  they  may  be  remclted  by  a  gentle 
heat,  and  oil  be  added  to  them. 

Emplasthdm  AnH^,sivi;M,  Emplastrum  resinjB 
—  e.  Adhaesivum  Woodstockii,  see  Sparadrapuin 
Adhasivum  —  e.  Alexandri,  Alexandrine  —  e.  de 
Althaea,  Unguentum  de  Althiea. 

Emplastuum  Ammoni'aci,  Ammoni'actim  Plan- 
ter, (Ammoniac,  pnr.  ^v,  acidi  acetici  dil.  Oss. 
Dissolve  the  ammoniac  in  the  vinegar  and  strain  : 
then  evaporate  the  solution  by  means  of  a  water- 
bath,  stirring  ccmstantly  until  it  acquires  a  proper 
consistence. — Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  used  as  a  discu- 
tient  plaster. 

EMpr.ASTRtiM  Ammoni'aci  cutr  IIvdrar'gvro, 
Amiiioniacum  planter  with  mercury  (Aiiimoniuei 
lt)j,  hydrary.  ^iij,  olei  oliv.  f^j,  milphiir.  gr.  viij. 
Rub  the  mercury  with  the  oil  until  the  globules 
disappear,  then  add  the  ammoniac,  previously 
melted,  and  mix.     Ph.  U.  S. 

Empi.astp.itm  Akdre^  de  Crfce,  E.  de  pice  et 
resinis  glutinans — e.  Anglicum,  see  Sparadrapuia 
adhiBsivum. 

EmpIjAstrum  Aromat'icitm,  Ammat'ic  Plaster. 
[Thuris  ,^iij,  ceree  Jlara  ,^ss,  pidv.  cort.  einnam. 
^^vj,  ol.  ess.  Piment.,  ol.  ess.  Limon.  aa  ^ij.  Melt 
the  frankincense  and  wax  together,  and  strain  ; 
then  add,  as  it  cools,  the  cinnamon,  previously 
rubbed  with  the  oils,  and  form  a  plaster.  Ph. 
Diibl.)     Used  as  a  stimulating  plaster. 

A  spice  plaster,  made  by  incorporating  pow- 
dered cinnamon  and  anj'  other  spices  with  melted 
suet,  has  been  used  in  cholera  infantum.  It  is 
spread  on  leather  or  linen,  and  is  renewed  twice 
in  the  twenty-four  hours. 

Emplastuum  As.safce'tiDvE,  E.  antihyster'icum, 
Assa/ietiila  plaster,  (Emp.  pdiinib.,  Assnftspt.,  sing. 
lt)j,  Galban.,  Cera  flava,  tiii  Ibss,  Alcohol,  dilut. 
Oiij.  Dissolve  the  assafoetida  and  galbanum  in 
the  alcohol,  in  a  water-bath,  strain  while  hot,  and 
evaporate  to  the  consistence  of  honej'  ;  add  the 
lead  plaster  and  wax  previously  melted  together, 
stir  the  mixture  well,  and  evaporate  to  the  proper 
consistence. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  as  an  antispas- 
modic and  anodyne  plaster. 

Emplastrum  Attrahe.ns,  E.  cerse — e.  Auricu- 
lare,  Hypotium. 

Emplastrum  Bellatj^n'n^,  Plaster  of  Bella- 
don'na.  (Einpl.  resin.  ,^iij,  Ejct.  Belladon.  .^iss. 
Add  the  extract  to  the  plaster,  previously  melted 
in  a  water-bath,  and  mix.— Ph.  U.  S.)  An  ano- 
dyne application  in  neuralgia  and  rheumatism. 

Emplastrum  Calefa'ciens,  E.  Picis  cum  can- 
I  thar'ide,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Cale/a'cient  plaster,  Warm 
plaster,  (F.)  Empldtre  echanffant.  (Cerat.  can- 
tharid  (Ph.  U.  S.),  ftss,  Picis  abiet.  ftiijss.  Melt 
together,  and  form  into  a  plaster.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
It  is  rubefacient  and  stimulant. 

Emplastrum  Cantharidis,  E.  lyttse  —  e.  Can- 


EMPLASTRUM 


332 


EMPLASTRUM 


thariilis  vesieatorii  compositum,  E.  lyttae  conip. 
— e.  Cephalicum,  E.  picis  comp. 

EMPLASTRUM  Oerae,  E.  Kimpfex,  E.  Al'trahenn, 
Wax  plaster.  (CcrcR  Jlavct,  SevI  Prcep.  aa  Ibiij, 
rexiiKB  liar(p.  ftij.  Melt  thciii  together  and  strain. 
J'h.  L.)  It  has  been  considered  drawing.  It  is 
stimulating. 

Empi.astrum  Cicu't^,  E.  de  Cieii'td  seu  coiii'i' 
waenla'l),  Unrfiien'tum  H'll'ifliim  de  cicu'ld.  Hem- 
luck  pI'tKfir,  (F.)  Emplaire  de  Cujne.  [ReniiKB 
ahiet.  960  p.  Cercp  Jiar,  640  p.  Piri«  aJlxB,  448  p. 
Oh  cifuta;  per  decoct,  praparat.  128  p.  Fol  ciciit. 
receilf.  2000  p.  Melt  the  resins,  wax  and  oil; 
add  the  oioufa  leaves,  and  boil;  strain  and  add, 
after  having  dissolved  it  in  vinegar  of  squills  and 
cicut.a  juice,  r/iim  amiDoniac.  500  p.  Ph.  Par.) 
It  is  used  as  a  discutient,  especially  to  scirrhous 
tumours. 

Empi.astthim  Citrinum,  Unguentum  de  althaea 
— e.  Commune,  E.  Plumbi — e.  Commune  cum  re- 
sinS,,  E.  rcsinnc — e.  Conii,  E.  cicutae. 

Emplastrihi  Cumi'ni,  Cummin  plaster.  [Cumin, 
semin.,  carui  sem.,  laiiri  hnce.  sing.  ^iij.  picis 
aridcB  Ibiij,  cerce  flava  ^iij.  Melt  the  pitch  and 
wax  together,  then  add  the  other  ingredients. 
Ph.  L.)     It  is  used  as  a  warm  discutient  plaster. 

Empi.astrum  Diachylon.  Diachylon,  E.  plumbi 
— e.  Divinuin  Nicolai,  see  Magnet — e.  Emolliens, 
Unguentutu  de  althaea — e.  Epispasticum,  E.  lyttpe. 

EmplASTHUM  Frrri,  E.  rob'orans,  Irnn  Plaster, 
Strenfith'cuing  Plaster.  (Ferri  subcarh.  ,^iij,  Emp. 
plumbi,  ibij,  Picis  abietis,  Ibss.  Add  the  sub- 
carbonate  of  iron  to  the  lead  plaster  and  Bur- 
gundy pitch  previously  melted  together,  and  stir 
constantly  until  they  thicken  upon  cooling. — Ph. 
U.  S.) 

Emplastrum  Ferri  Rubri,  E.  oxidi  ferri  rubrl 
— 0.  Flavum,  Unguentum  de  althae^ — e.  ad  Fon- 
ticulos,  Ceratum  (Jaleni. 

Emplastrum  Gal'bani,  Galh'annm  plaster, 
(Empl.  litharg.  Ibij,  gnm.  f/all/nn.  Ibss,  cerai  JIavcF 
^iv.  Melt  the  galbanum  before  adding  the  plas- 
ter and  wax,  then  melt  all  together.  Ph.  D.)  A 
stimulant  and  discutient. 

Emplastrum  Gal'bani  Compos'itum.  E.  U- 
thnr'gyri  compns'itiim,  Dlach'i/lon  magnum  cum 
giimmi,  Cmnponnd galbanum  plaster.  ( (?((/6.  ^  viij, 
Emp.  phimhi,  Ibiij,  tereb.  vulg.  J^x,  abietis  resin. 
contus.  ^iij.  Melt  the  galbanum  and  turpentine 
together,  then  mix  in  the  resin,  and  afterwards 
the  plaster,  previously  melted.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is 
Ftiniulant  and  discutient. 

Emplastrum    Glutinosum,   see   Sparadrapum 
.   adhifsivum — e.  cum  Gummatibus.  E.  guminnsum. 

Emplastrum  Gummo'sitm,  Emplastrum  lithar'- 
gifri  cum  gummi  seu  cum  gummat'ibus  seu  e  gum- 
mat'ibiis  resino'sis  seu  Ox'i/di  Plumbi  semivit'rei 
giimmo'snm,  Gum  plaster.  Diachylon  cum  gummi. 
Yellow  or  gum  diach'yion.  [Emp.  plumbi  p.  viii, 
ammoniac,  galbani,  rera.  flarcp,,  aa,  p.  i.  PA.  E.) 
Properties  and  uses  like  the  last. 

Emplastrum  e  Gummatibus  Resinosis,  E. 
gummosutn. 

Emplastrum  cum  Gummi-Resi'nis,  (F.)  Em- 
platre  de  gnmme  risine.  Diachylon  gomme,  Plas- 
ter of  gum  resins.  (Emplnstr.  simpl.  p.  1600, 
cerce  farce,  p.  96,  picis  albte,  p.  96.  terebinth,  p. 
96.  Melt  by  a  gentle  heat,  and  add  gum  ammo- 
niac, p.  32,  bdellium,  ?i1.  galban.  32,  and  sagape- 
iiiim,  p.  32.  Dissolve  in  a  sufficient  quantify  of 
(dcohol.  evaporate  to  the  consistence  of  honey, 
and  mix  carefully  all  together.  Ph.  P.)  A  dis- 
cutient. 

Emplastrum  HynRAR'cvRi,  Emplastr.  lithar'- 

gi/rt  cum  hydrar'gyro,  Mercu.'.rial  plaster,  (ffy- 
drarg.  ,^vj,  ol.  oliv.,  resin,  aa  ^ij,  emplast.  plumbi, 
Ibj.  Melt  the  oil  and  resin  together,  and  when 
cool  rub  the  mercury  with  them  till  the  globules 
disappear ;  then  gradually  add  the  lead  plaster, 


previously  melted,  and  mix  all.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  ig 
stimulant,  resolvent,  and  discutient.  Applied  88 
a  discutient  to  venereal  and  other  tumours. 

Emplastrum  IlynRAR'avRi  Compos'itum,  E, 
de  hydrar'gyro  compos' ituni  seu  de  Vigo  cum  mer- 
cu'rio  emenda'tum.  Compound  plaster  of  mer'rury, 
(Empl.  simpl.  p.  1250,  cera  Jlavat,  p.  64,  resinoe, 
p.  64.  Melt,  and  before  it  congeals  add  2>ulv.  g. 
ammoniac,  p.  20,  bdellium,  p.  20,  oliban.  p.  20, 
myrrh,  p.  20,  saffron,  p.  12.  Mix  carefully, 
Take  of  mercury,  p.  380,  pure  turpentine,  p.  64, 
liquid  and  j^ure  storar,  p.  192.  Triturate  in  an 
iron  mortar  till  the  globules  disappear:  melt  all 
together,  and  before  congealing  add  essential  oil 
of  Lavender,  p.  8.  Phar.  P.)  The  same  pro- 
perties as  the  last. 

Emplastrum  IcnTHY0C0LL./f:  tel.15  ixnircTUM, 
see  Sparadrapum  adhresivum  —  e.  Irritans,  E. 
lyttae — e.  Lifbargyri,  E.  Plumbi  —  e.  Litliargyri 
compositum,  E.  galbani  compositum  —  e.  Litliar- 
gyri cum  gummi,  E.  gummosum  —  e.  Lithiirgyri 
cum  hydrargyro,  E.  hydrargyri  —  e.  Litliargyri 
cum  resina,  E.  resinae  —  e.  Lithargyricuin  cum 
resina  pini,  E.  resinae. 

Emplastrum  LytTj*;,  E.  canthar'idis  seu  cnn- 
tharidis  vesicato'rii  seu  mel'oes  vesieatorii,  E.vesi- 
catorium,E.  epi spas' ti cum  seu  e  cantharid' ihusepit. 
pas'tienm  solid'ius  et  tena'cius  hcerens  seu  irri'tavs 
seu  rubefi'ans.  Plaster  of  the  Spanish  or  blistering 
fly,  mistering  Plaster,  Fly  Plaster.  (Cunthnrides, 
in  powder,  Ibj,  Emp.  cera-.  Ibiss,  adipis.  prep.  Ibj. 
Melt  the  plaster  and  lard  together,  and  as  the 
mixture  becomes  thick,  on  cooling,  sprinkle  in 
the  flies,  and  mix.  Pharm.L.)  This  is  the  com- 
mon blistering  plaster.  Too  much  heat  must  nut 
be  used  in  its  preparation.  It  requires  to  remain 
on  six  or  eight  hours  before  its  full  effect  is  in- 
duced, and  it  acts  sufficiently  well,  provided  even 
a  piece  of  thin  gauze  or  tissue  paper  be  placed 
between  it  and  the  skin,  whilst  absorption  of  the 
flies  is  thus  prevented.  See  Blister.  The  Blis- 
tering Plaster  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United 
States,  Cera'tum  Canthar'idis.  is  made  as  follows: 
. —  Cantharid.  in  pulv.  subtiliss.,  ft)j,  cerce  flnva, 
resina,  aa  ,^vij,  adipis,  ^^x.  To  the  wax,  resin, 
and  lard,  previously  melted,  add  the  Spanish 
flies,  and  stir  the  mixture  constantly  until  cool. 

Emplastrum  Lytt^  Compos'itum,  E.  can- 
thar'idis vesicato'rii  compos' itum  seu  niel'ues  vesi- 
cato'rii compos'itum.  Compound  plaster  of  can- 
thar'idcs  or  Spanish  flies.  [Resin,  liq.  pini  laricia, 
p.  18,  reainw  concret.  pini  abietis,  meloes  vesical. 
aa  p.  12,  cera;  favcE,  p.  4,  subacet.  cupri,  p.  ij, 
scmin.  sinapis  alh..  fruct.  pip.  nigr.  aa  p.  j.  Melt 
the  pitch  and  wax,  then  add  the  turpentine,  and 
as  these  cool  sprinkle  in  the  other  substances,  in 
the  form  of  powder,  so  as  to  make  a  plaster. 
Ph.  E.)  The  same  properties  as  the  last,  but 
more  energetic  and  speedy  in  its  action. 

Emplastrum  Meloks  Vesicatorii,  E.  lyttae— 
e.  Meloes  vesicatorii  comp.,  E.  lyttae  comp.  —  e. 
Mucilaginosum,  Unguentum  de  althaea  — e.  Ni- 
grum of  Augsburg,  see  Magnet. 

Emplastrum  Norimbergen'se,  E.  ex  ox'ido 
plumbi  rubra  campho'rattim,  Empldtre  de  Nnrem-. 
berg,  Nuremberg  plaster.  [Oxid.  jdumb.  riibr.  f, 
300,  ol.  oliv.  p.  600,  aqucc,  q.  s.  Boil  until  the 
oxide  is  dissolved,  and  almost  to  dryness.  Re- 
move the  vessel  from  the  fire  and  add  yelloic  tcnx, 
p.  600.  Put  the  vessel  again  on  the  fire,  and 
after  the  wax  is  melted,  add,  before  it  congeals, 
camphor,  .p.  24:  mix.  Ph.  P.)  It  is  considered 
a  desiccative,  and  has  been  employed  in  gan- 
grene. 

Emplastrum  Nygmaticum,  E.  resinae. 

Emplastrum  Opii,  O'pium  Plaster.  [Opil  in 
pulv.  §ij,  Picis  abiet.  _^iij  ;  emplastr.  plumbi  Ibj, 
aq.  bullienf.  f.^iv.  Melt  together  the  lead  plaster 
and  Burgundy  pitch ;  then  add  the  opium  pre- 


EMPLASTPwUM 


333 


E  M  P  Y  E  M  A 


7iou?ly  mixed  with  the  water,  and  boil  over  a 
gentle  lire  to  the  proper  consistence. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
It  is  employed  as  an  anodyne,  and  to  give  sup- 
port. 

Emi'I.astiu'm  Ox'idi  Ferri  Kubri,  E.  Ferri 
rubri  sen  liob'orfini,  Plaster  of  red  oxide  of  iron, 
Ulrenijth'viihiij  Planter.  (  Eiiipl.  oxid.  plumb,  aenii- 
vitr.  p.  xxiv,  resiiicB  pin.  p.  vi,  ccrai  Jinvm,  olei 
olecB  Knriip.  S'in^.  p.  iij,  oxidi  ferri  rnbr.  p.  viij. 
Hub  tilt;  ro<l  o.xide  of  iron  with  the  oil,  and  add 
the  other  ingredients  melted.  Ph.  E.)  It  is 
employed  as  a  strengthening  plaster. 

Emim.astp.iim  ex  Oxido  plu.mbi  semivitreo, 
E.  pliiinbi — e.  Oxidi  plutnbi  semivitrci,  E.  plunibi 
— E.  Oxidi  plumhi  semivitrci  gummosum,  E.  gum- 
mosum — e.  Phceniceum,  Diapahna  —  e.  ex  Oxido 
pluinbi  rubro  compositum,  E.  Norimbergense 
—  e.  Pic'is,  E.  Picis  Burgundicae,  E.  Picis  com- 
positum. 

Emi'Lastritm  Picis  Burgon'dicjE,  E.  Picis, 
IJiirijinidi/  Pitch  or  Pitch  Plaster,  (Picis  Bur- 
(juml.  ftvj,  ccrat  JluvcB,  Ibss. —  Ph.  U.  S.) 

Emi'i,astrum  Picis  Compos'ititm,  E.  picis  ce- 
]>hnt'icani,  Ccphal'ic  plaster,  Compound  pitch 
j)laster.  [Picis  arid.  Ibij,  abietis  resina:  Ibj, 
resincB  /lava,  cera  fav(B,  aa  fy^\,  myrist.  ol.  ^j, 
ol.  oliv..  aqii(B,  aa  f.^ij.  To  the  pitch,  resin,  and 
wax,  melted  together,  add  the  otlier  matters  and 
mix.  Ph.  L.)  It  is  stimulant  and  rubefacient. 
Sometimes  used  in  headach, — applied  to  the  tem- 
ples.    See  Depilatory. 

Emplastuum  Picis  cum  Cantharide,  E.  Ca- 
Icfaciens. 

Emi'lastriim  de  Pice  et  Resi'nis  Glu'ti- 
NANS,  E.  A)idrecB  de  Criice,  Empldtre  d' Andre  de 
in  Croix,  ou  collaut  de  ]>oix  et  de  r^sines,  Adhe- 
sive plaster  of  pitch  and  resins.  [Picis  albcB,  p. 
128,  resin  clemi,  p.  .32,  terebinth,  pnr.  p.  10.  ol. 
Innr.  p.  16.  Melt  with  a  gentle  heat,  and  pass 
Uirough  linen.  Ph.  P.)  Used  in  contusions  and 
fractures  as  a  support. 

Emplastrum  Plumbi,  E.  li/thar'f/yri  seu  com- 
fjiii'iie  scu  diach'ylnm  seu  ox'idi  pluinbi  semivi'- 
trei  seu  ex  oxido  plutnbi  semivitreo,  Diach'ylon 
simplex.  White  Diach'ylon,  Lead  or  Diach'ylon 
piaster.  [Plunibi  oxid.  seniivitr.  in  pulv.  tbv., 
olei  oliv.,  cong.,  aqucB  Oij.  Boil  together  over  a 
slow  fire,  stirring  constantly  until  the  oil  and 
oxide  of  lead  cohere.  Ph.  U.S.) 
Emplastuum  Polychrestum,  E.  resinae. 

EhPLASTRI'M  PotASs'ii  Iod'iDI,  Planter  of  Po- 
dide  of  Potass' ium  [Potass,  iodid.  ^j,  Thuris.  ^vj  ; 
Cera;,  ^v},ol.  oliv.  f^\}.  Ph.  L.)  This  piaster, 
spread  on  leather,  is  applied  to  indolent  tumours. 

Emplastrum  Resi'n^e,  E.  adhcpsi'vum  seu  ^i'- 
thar'gyri  cum  resi'nd  seu  resino'siiin  seu  nyyinat'- 
Kiim  seu  cominu'ne  cum  resi'nd  seu  Poly  clues' turn 
feu  litharijyr'icum  cum  resi'nd  pini  ;  Resin,  Ad- 
he'sire  or  Sticlini/  plaster.  {Resin,  tbss.  enip. 
plumb,  tbiij.  Melt  the  plaster,  with  a  gentle  beat, 
add  the  resin,  and  mix.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Employed 
in  wounds  and  ulcers. 

Bayntou's  adhesive  plaster  is  made  by  melting 
one  pound  of  lead  plaster  and  six  drachms  of 
re»iii  together. 

Emplastrum  Resinosum^,  E.  Resinaa — e.  Ro- 
borans,  E.  Ferri  (Ph.  U.  S.),  E.  oxidi  ferri  rubri 
— e.  Kubefians,  E.  lyttaj. 

Emplastrum  Sapo'nis,  E.  snpona'ceum,  Soap 
plaster.  [Saponis  concis.  -yiv,  emplast.  plumb. 
ftiiij.  Mix  the  soap  with  the  melte(i  plaster,  and 
boil  to  a  proper  consistence.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  a 
mild  discutient.     Applied  to  tumours,  corns,  kc. 

Emplastrum  Simplex,  E.  cerae — e.  Spermatis 
oeti,  Ceratuin  cetacei. 

Emplastriim  Thuris,  Frank' incense  plaster. 
\Emp.  lithnryyri,  Ibij,  thuris,  Ibss,    oxid.  ferri. 


rubr.  ^iij,  Ph.  D.),  Use  : — the  same  as  the  plaster 
of  red  oxide  of  iron. 

Emplastrum  Vesicatouium,  Blister,  E.  lyttre 
— e.  de  Vigo  cum  mercuric  emendatum,  E.  hy- 
drargyri  compositum. 

EM P LATHE,  Emplastrum— e.  d'Andrf  de  la 
Croix,  Emplastrum  de  pice  et  resinis  glutinans — 
e.  de  Cigue,  Emplastrum  eicutae  — e.  Cullant  de 
poix  et  de  resines,  Emplastrum  de  pice  et  resinis 
glutinans — e.  de  Gomme  resine,  Emplastrum  cum 
gummi-resinis  —  e.  de  Nuremberg,  Emplastrum 
Norimbergense. 

EMPLATTOMENOS,  Emphracticus. 
EMPMEUMATOSIS,    Emphysema,    Inspira- 
tion. 

EMPOL<^ONNEMENT,  Poisoning. 
EMPO'RIUM,   tjiKoptov,   [tfi,  'in,'  and  vopcvu), 
'I  transport  or  send.'     The  brain  was  so  called, 
of  old,  because  there  all  the  mental  affairs  are 
transacted. 

Emporium  Spirituum,  Sensorium. 

EiM POSTS,  Imbibition. 

EMPRETNTE,  Impression. 

EMPRESIS.  Empresma. 

EMPRES'MA,  Enipres'mus,  Empre'sie,  fronj 
tfirpri^u},  '  future,'  eiivprjau),  '  I  burn  internally.' 
Inflammation.  Phlegma'tia  membrane/ see  et  pti- 
rynchyniato'scB,  Phloijis'tici,  Febres  contiiium  in- 
jlammnto'ria;,  Inflamma'tio  inter'na,  Caii'ma,  In- 
trr'nal  injlammation.  A  genus  in  the  class 
hcpmatica,  order  phlogotica,  of  Good. 

Empresma  Bronchitis,  Cynanche  traehealis — 
e.  Bronchlenimitis,  Cynanche  traehealis — e.  Car- 
ditis, Carditis — e.  Cephalitis,  Phrenitis — e.  Cys- 
titis, Cystitis — e.  Enteritis,  Enteritis — e.  Gastri- 
tis, Gastritis — e.  Hepatitis,  Hepatitis — c.  Hyster- 
itis.  Metritis — e.  Nephritis,  Nephritis — e.  Orchitis, 
Hernia  huraoralis  —  e.  Otitis,  Otitis  —  e.  Paristh- 
mitis,  Cynanche — e.  Paristhmitis  tonsillaris  ma- 
ligna, Cynanche  maligna — e.  Paristhmitis  pha- 
ryngea,  Cynanche  pharyngea  —  e.  Paristhmitis 
tonsillaris,  Cynanche  tonsillaris — e.  Parotitis,  Cy- 
nanche parotidica — e.  Peritonitis,  Peritonitis — e. 
Peritonitis  mesenterica,  Mesenteritis — e.  Periton- 
itis omcntalis,  Epiploitis — e.  Pleuritis,  Pleuritis — 
e.  Pleuritis  diaphragmatica,  Diapiiraginitis  —  e. 
Pneumonitis,  Pneumonia — e.  Splenitis,  Splenitis. 

EMPRESMUS,  Empresma. 

EM'PRIOX,  from  ev,  and  Trpiuiv.  'a  saw.'  Ser- 
rated. Giilen  has  given  this  name  to  the  pulse, 
when  the  sensation  produced  by  the  artery  under 
the  fingers  is  analogous  to  that  which  would  be 
causeil  bv  the  unequal  teeth  of  a  saw. 

EMPliOSTHOCYRTOMA,  Lordosis. 

EMPROSTHOT'ONOS,  Emprosthoton'ia,  En- 
ta'sia  iet'anns  anti'ctis.  Tetanus  anticiis,  froni 
tfiirpoff^Ev,  'forwards,'  and  rctvii),  'I  stretch,  'I 
extend.'  A  variet}'  of  tetanus,  in  which  the  body 
is  drawn  forwards  by  the  permanent  contraction 
of  the  muscles, 

EMPSYCHO'SIS,  from  ipx^vxou},  [in,  and 
^vx'^'  'life,')  'I  animate,'  'I  vivify.'  A  word 
formerly  used  for  the  act  of  animating.  The  union 
of  the  soul  with  the  body. 

EMPTOE.  Hwmoptvsis. 

EMPTOICA  PASSiO,  Ilfemoptysis. 

EMPTYSIS,  Hremoptvsis. 

EMPTYS.AIA,  Sputum. 

EMPYE.  Empyema. 

^yWYY.'^l.\,  Enipyc'sis,  Em'pye,hoxa  Cfi,  'in,' 
and  vvov,  '  pus.'  Aposte'ma  empye'ma.  A  collec- 
tion of  blood  or  pus,  and,  conventionall.y,  of  other 
fluid,  in  some  cavity  of  the  body,  and  particu- 
larly in  that  of  the  pleura.  Empyema  is  one  of 
the  terminations  of  inflammation  of  the  pleura, 
and  is  called  also,  Pyolho'rax  rcrus,  Pleiirorrhrp'a 
purnleu'ta,  Diapye'ma.  Ecpye'ma,  Ecpyc'sis,  Em- 
pye'sis  seu  Pyo'sis  pec'toris,  Hydrotho'rax  purn- 
len'tus,    Di/s^nie'a    pi/othorac"  ica,    Piieumo'nia 


EMPYESIS 


384 


EMULSUM 


euppnrafo'n'a,  Abacen'aiis  pec'toris  sea  Thora'cis, 
Plcnraposle'ma,  Fleuropije'sis,  (F.)  Empyeme, 
Pijiiphurite. 

The  nperatton  for  empi/ema  properly  means  the 
making  of  an  opening  into  the  thorax  for  the 
purpose  of  giving  issue  to  the  matter  collected  in 
the  cavity  of  the  pleura,  although  it  has  been 
u.«ed  for  the  <i])eration  required  for  the  evacuation 
of  any  fluid  from  the  chest,  or  synonymously 
with  /'iirenceittenis  thoracis. 

EMPYE'SIS;  same  etymon.  Snppuration. 
An  eruption  of  phlegmonous  pimples,  gradually 
filling  with  a  purulent  fluid,  and  terminating  in 
thicit  scabs,  frequently  leaving  pits  or  scabs. 
Pus'tiiloitu  Exan'them.  A  genus  in  the  order  E.c- 
niitliematica,  class  Hamutica  of  (Jood.  See  Em- 
pyema. 

Emi'yesis  Ochli,  Hypopyon — e.  Pectoris,  Em- 
pyema— e.  Variola,  Variola. 

EMPYMELIUM  POLYSARCIA,  Polysarcia 
adiposa. 

EMPYOCE'LE,  from  e/x,  'in,'  :tvov,  'pus,'  and 
KrjXi],  'tumour,'  'hernia.'  A  tumour,  formed  by 
an  accumulation  of  pus  in  the  scrotum.  Diffe- 
rent diseases  have  been  described  under  this 
name,  such  as  suppuration  of  the  testicle,  empy- 
ema of  the  tunica  vaginalis,  accumulation  of  pus 
in  the  cavity  of  a  hernial  sac,  abscesses  of  dif- 
ferent kinds  formed  in  the  cellular  texture  of  the 
scrotum,  &c. 

EMPYOM'PIIALUS,  fromt/i,  'in,'  jruov,  'pus,' 
and  ojiipaXoi,  'the  navel.'  This  word  has  been 
used  to  designate  a  suppurating  tumour  at  the 
umbilicus  ;  or,  at  times,  umbilical  hernia,  the  sac 
of  which  is  filled  with  blood. 

EMPYOS,  Purulent. 

EMPYHEU'MA,  from  ciinvpcvu),  {cfi,  and  imp, 
'fire,')  '  I  kindle.'  The  burnt  smell  and  acrid 
taste,  which  volatile  products — gaseous  and  liquid 
— contract,  when  animal  or  vegetable  substances 
are  decomposed  by  a  strong  heat.  The  cause 
of  this  smell  is  seated  in  an  oil,  called  empyrexi- 
mat'ic,  which  does  not  exist  in  the  substance  sub- 
jected to  the  operation,  but  is  the  result  of  its 
decomposition.  If  the  empyreuma  occurs  when 
the  organic  substance  is  placed  in  a  still  with  a 
liquiil,  it  is  owing  to  the  solid  matter  touching 
the  bottom  of  the  vessel  to  which  the  fire  is  ap- 
plied. 

EMPYREUMAT'IC,  Empyretcmat'icus;  same 
etymon.  Belonging  to  empyreuma, — as  an  em- 
pyreiimiHi'c  odour. 

EM'PYROS,  Febn'c"itans.  Same  etymon. 
One  who  has  fever. — Hippocrates. 

EMS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Celebrated 
springs  on  the  river  Lahn,  duchy  of  Nassau. 
They  are  thermal  (from  83  to  115°  Fahrenheit,) 
and  carbonated  salines,  containing  carbonic  acid, 
bicarbonate  of  soda,  and  chloride  of  sodium  ;  and 
are  much  used  in  gastric  and  intestinal  affec- 
tions, (fee. 

EMUL'GENT,  Ei)vil'>jenx,  from  emuJcjere,  (e, 
and  miiUjere,  mulsiim,)  '  to  milk  out,'  '  to  draw 
out.'  A  name  given  to  the  renal  artery  and  vein, 
because  the  ancients  imagined  they  milked,  as  it 
were,  the  urine  through  the  kidneys.  See  Renal. 
EMUL'SIFY,  (F.)  Ennthionuer,  from  einulsio, 
and  /;''(,  'to  become.'  To  make  or  form  an  emul- 
sion. 

EMULSIN,  see  Amygdalin. 

EMUL'SIO,  Emul'sinti,  Emul'sion ;  same  ety- 
mon. A  pharmaceutical  preparation,  of  a  milky- 
white  or>nque  appearance,  which  is  composed  of 
oil,  divided  and  held  in  suspension  in  water  by 
means  of  mucilage.  Emulsions  have  been  di- 
vided into  the  true  and  oily,  and  into  the  false 
or  )iot  oily  ;  the  latter  being  composed  of  resinous 


substances,  balsams,  or  camphor,  rubbed  up  with 
dilute  alcohol,  mucilage,  or  yolk  of  egg. 

EmuLSIO  kCk'ciM,  E.  Arah'ica,  (him  Ar'nhic 
Eiiinl'aion.  {Nuvleor.  amyyd.  cnmm.  ^:5,i,  '"/"tf! 
Ibijss.,  mnciliKj.  acac.  §ij,  aacch.  ^'w.  While 
beating  the  decorticated  almonds  with  the  siignr 
and  water,  add  the  mucilage. — Ph.  E.)  Useij  in 
the  same  cases  as  the  next.  Under  the  nnmo 
Jfistu'ra  Aca'cicB,  Gum  Ar'nhic  Mi.rlure,  Iho 
Edinburgh  Pharmacopoeia  has  the  follciwing. 
Mucilaq.  AcacicB  f^iij  ;  Amyr/dal.  diilc.  ^^j,  ami 
^ij ;  Sacchar.  ^v  ;  Aquce  Oij,  (Imper.  mens.) 
Blanch  the  almonds;  peel  them;  beat  toa  siiuxjih 
pulp  first  with  the  sugar,  and  then  with  the  mu- 
cilage ;  add  the  water  gradually,  stirring  con- 
stantly, and  strain  through  linen  or  calico. 

Emulsio  Amvc'dal^C,  E.  Simple.r,  Luc  nmyg'. 
dnlcB,  Ann/f/dala'tum,  Mislit'ra  amyrjdolcB,  Emul- 
sio sive  Lac  Aniyijdala'ntm  or  Almaiid  EiiinlKinn ; 
Mixture  or  Milh,  (F.)  Lait  d'aiiiuudea.  (Aviyr/- 
dal.  dule.  ^S!^;  Acacia,  in  pulv.  ^^ss ;  Sncclmr. 
gij  ;  A(jU(s  destillut.  f^^viij.  Macerate  the  al- 
monds in  water,  and  having  removed  their  ex- 
ternal coat,  beat  them  with  the  gum  Arabic  ami 
sugar,  in  a  marble  mortar,  till  they  are  thoroughly 
mixed  ;  then  rub  the  mixture  with  the  distilled 
water  gradually  added,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
It  is  used  as  a  diluent  and  demulcent. 

Emulsio  Antihysterica,  Mistura  asafoelidas 
— e.  Arabica,  Emulsio  acacige  Arabicae. 

E.MliLSlO  Cam'j'HOHAC  J?.  Caniphnra'ta,  Jlfiitii'm 
CamphoreB  ;  Camphor  Eniulaion.  {C<imphor(B^j, 
nmyyd,  com.  decortic,  aacch.  dur.,  aa  Jiv,  uijkcb 
^vj.  —  Ph.  E.)  A  convenient  form  forgiving 
camphor. 

Emulsio  Guaiacina,  Mistura  guaiaci  —  e.  Le- 
niens,  Looch  ex  ovo. 

Emulsio  O'lei  Amyghala'rum;  Emnhion  <f 
Oil  of  Alnionda,  (01.  amyt/d.  ^j,  gum  acac.  pulv. 
^ij,  syrup.  3J,  aijucB  deatill.  ^iv.  Mix.  A  good 
pectoral  or  cough  mixture. 

Emulsio  O'lki  Ric"ini;  Caetor  Oil  Emulslnn 
{01.  ricini  ^ss,  vitclli  ov{  q.  s.,  aquce  dealillat.  Jj.) 
An  aperient  draught. 

Emulsio  O'lki  Terebin'thin^ ;  Emuhion  nf 
Oil  of  Tur'pcntine,  [01.  tereb.  reel.  _^ij,  snccli. 
nil).  ,^ss,  vitell.  oi"«  j,  emuh.  atnyt/d.  vcl  arpite  d(t- 
atillnf.  ^vj.  Mix.  In  rheumatic  and  nephritic 
affections.     Dose  f^iss. 

Emulsio  Oleosa,  Looch  ex  ovo. 

Emulsio    Purgans    cum    Jala'p.1!    Resi'na, 

Purging  Emulaion  icith  licain  of  Jalap.  (Ju- 
lapce  reaiu.  gr.  xij.  sacch.  alb.  ^5'j-  Triturate  for 
some  time,  and  add  gradually  half  the  yolk  of 
an  egg;  continue  to  triturate,  adding  by  degrees 
emuh.  aimpl.  "^v,  aq.  flor.  auraiit.  ^\j. — Ph.  /'.) 

Emulsio  Purgans  cum  Scammo'.nio;  Pnrf/ing 
Emulsion  xcith  Scammouy.  It  is  prepared  lilie 
the  preceding,  substituting  only  Scammuny  fur 
the  jalap. 

Emulsio  Simplex,  E.  Amygdala;. 
"  EMULSION,  Emulsio  — e.  Almond,  Emulsio 
amygdalae — e.  Camphor,  Emulsio  Cainphorae— e. 
Castor  oil,  Emulsio  olei  ricini  —  e.  Gum  Arabic, 
Emulsio  acaciae  ArabicfE — e.  Huileuac,  Looch  ex 
ovo — e.  of  Oil  of  Almonds,  Emulsio  olei  atnygda- 
larum — e.  of  Oil  of  Turpentine,  Emulsio  olei  tcre- 
binthinae — e.  Purging,  with  resin  of  jalap,  Emul- 
sio purgans  cum  jalapae  resina — e.  Purging,  with 
seammony,  Emulsio  purgans  cum  scammonio. 

EMULSrONNER,  Emulsify. 

EMUL'SIVE,  Emulai'rua  ;  same  etymon.  An 
epithet  given  to  seeds  whence  oil  may  be  ex- 
tracted by  expression;  such  as  almonds,  apricuti!, 
peaches,  hemp,  rape,  melons,  gourds;  thuse  of 
the  nut  kind,  and  cucurbitaceous  and  cruciferous 
plants  in  general. 

EMULSUM,  Emulsion. 


EMUNCTORIUM 


335 


ENCE r II A  L  0 HE  HIE 


Cerebri, 


EMUNCTORIUM,    Emunctory 
Isasus. 

EMUXC'TOKY,  Emuncto'rinm,hnm  emwigere, 
(r,   iin<i    mini(fere,   muiictum,)   'to   drain    off,'    'to 
cleanse.'     Eminnn'riiini,  (F.)   Einonctolre,    Emis- 
Kiiire.     Any  orj^an  whose  office  it  is  to  give  issue 
to  matters  which  ought  to  be  excreted.     Tlie  an- 
ciotits   lielieved  that  some  organs  were  more  par- 
ticularly   destined    to    serve    as    emunctorics    of 
others;  the  nasal  fossae,  for  example,  they  believed 
to  lie  the  emunctories  of  the  brain. 
KMUNDANTIA.  Detergents. 
KMYS  PALUS'TRIS.  S'llt    Water   T^r'mpin. 
This  species  c)f  turtle  is  found  exclusively  in  salt 
or  hrackish  waters,  near  the  sea  shore,  along  the 
whole  Atlantic  coast.     It  is  much  prized  by  the 
epicure,  and  is  nutritious  and  tolerably  easy  of 
digestion  when  dressed  plain. 
EN,  see  Em. 

ENADELrilTA,  Emboitement. 
EN/l'iMA,  Ilsiemostatica. 
KN.EMO?^,  Styptic. 

EN'.'KOKE'MA,  from  ev,  'in,'  and  aiiapcoi,  'I 
lift  up,'  'that  which  hangs  or  floats  in.'  (F.) 
Enioieme.  The  Neph'ele,  Nnhes,  SuhUmameii'- 
lum,  Siilili'mri'tio,  Siibli'me,  Suspen'mim.  S.  Uri'- 
jKK,  Siiupcii'ia,  Niihec'ufa  or  cloud,  which  is  sus- 
pended in  the  urine  as  it  cools. 

ENAMEL,  E.  nf  the  teeth,  (en,  and  (F.)  emai/,) 
Den'liuin  Nitor,  Cortex,  C.  strici'tn,  Siilistan'tia 
filnmriito'aa  of  Malpighi,  S.  Adnmnu'tiiKi  scu 
rtt'rea,  CritHia  Den'thiin  adainnii'tiiifi,  Adumnn- 
tiiie  or  vltreovH  snbstunce.  (F.)  Sithntunce  vitr^e 
ou  emdillee,  EtiKv'l  den  Dents.  The  substance 
which  covers  the  coronye  of  the  teeth.  The  ena- 
mel is  of  a  milky  wiiite  colour,  and  sufficiently 
hard  to  strike  fire  with  steel.  Its  surface  is  very 
.«uiooth  and  polished,  and  it  forms  a  thicker 
layer  towards  the  part  where  the  teeth  come  in 
contact,  and  becomes  thinner  towards  the  cervix. 
The  libres  of  the/enamel  are  perpendicular  to  the 
surface  of  the  teeth,  on  the  ivory  of  which  they 
seem,  as  it  were,  planted.  This  gives  them  a 
velvety  appearance,  when  examined  by  the  mi- 
croscope. The  enamel  has  no  blood  vessels,  and 
is  not  renewed  when  removed.  It  is  formed  of 
phosphate  of  lime,  and  a  very  small  portion  of 
animal  matter.  A  delicate  membrane  covers  the 
enamel  —  cuticle  of  the  enamel,  Nanttn/th's  mrni- 
hrane  ;  but  so  closely  united  with  it,  that  it  can 
be  demonstrated  only  by  the  use  of  chlorohydric 
ncid. 
ExAHRL,  Cuticle  of  the,  see  Enamel. 
ENANTIIE'MA,  same  etymon  as  the  next. 
A  name  recently  given  to  certain  eruptions  of  the 
mucous  membrane,  as  exanthema  is  to  certain 
eruptions  of  the  skin. 

ENANTHE'SIS,  from  ev,  'in,'  and  av$e<jd,  'I 
flourish.'  Rash  exan'them.  Eruption  of  red,  level 
or  nearly  level,  patches,  variously  figured,  irre- 
gularly dift'used,  often  confluent,  and  terminating 
in  euticular  exfoliations.  A  genus  in  the  order 
Exntilhemiitloa,  class  HcBniaticti,  of  Cullen,  inclu- 
ding scarlet  fever,  measles,  Ac. 

Rnanthksis  Rosalia,  Scarlatina — e.  Urticaria, 
ITr(ic:iria. 
ENAXTIOPATIIIC,  Palliative. 
ENARTIIRO'SIS.  Inartlcla'tio,  Hall  and 
Swkel-jiilnt,  from  ev,  'in^^v^nd  a^i^^iaaii,  'an  arti- 
culation.' A  kind  of  diarthrodial  articulation,  in 
which  the  head  of  a  bone  is  received  into  the 
cavity  of  another,  and  can  be  moved  in  all  direc- 
tions. The  joint  of  the  os  femoris  with  the  os- 
innoininatum  is  one  of  this  character. 

ENAR'TIIRU.M,  from  tv,  'in,'  and  apBpov,  'a 
joint.'     A  foreign  body  in  a  joint. 
ENAUSMA.Fomites. 
ENCAN'TIIIS,  from  iv,  'in,'  and  /caifloj,  'the 


angle  of. the  eye.'  A  tumour,  funned  by  an  in" 
crease  in  size,  or  a  degeneration,  of  the  curuncula 
lacrymalis.  Any  morbid  growth  in  the  inner 
angle  of  the  eye. 

Encanthis  Benig'bta.  Simple  excrescence  of 
the  caruncula.  It  commonly  yields  to  astringent 
coUyria. 

E.NCANTHi.s  FuNGo'SA.  A  Condition  of  the  se- 
milunar fold  and  lachrymal  caruncle,  in  which 
they  are  the  seat  of  morbid  growths. 

Encanthis  Inflammato'ria.  Inflammation 
with  enlargement — swelling  —  of  the  semilunar 
fold  and  lachrymal  caruncle. 

Encanthis   Walig'na   has    often   a   cancerous 
character,  and  requires  extirpation  before  it  has 
attained  any  considerable  size. 
ENCARDITIS,  Endocarditis. 
ENCARPOS,  Pregnant. 
ENCASING.  Ewhoitrment. 
ENCATALEPSIS,  Catalepsy. 
ENCATIIIS'MA,  Semieu'pinm.     With  the  an- 
cients fjiicdthin' ma,  cyxaSiaija,  {iv,  and   KaBt^w,  'I 
seat  upon,')  meant  a  vapour-bath  taken  sitting. 

ENCAU'MA,  from  cv,  'in,'  and  xavu),  'I  burn.' 
Epiran'miH,  Epiean'aia,  Encau'sia.  A  tumour 
produced  by  a  burn.  A  burn.  Also,  an  ulcer 
of  the  transparent  cornea,  occasioning  loss  of  the 
humours. — Aetius.  Gorra;us. 

ENCAUSIS,  Burn,  Encauma,  Moxibustion. 
ENCAUSSE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.    En- 
causse    is    a   village    in    the    department    of   the 
Ilaute-Garonne,  which  possesses  several  saline, 
acidulous  springs. 

ENCAVriiK,  Argema. 
ENCEINTE,  Pregnant. 
ENt^ENS.  Juniperus  lycia. 
ENCENSlElt.  Rosmarinus. 
ENCEPHALALGIA,  Cephalalgia— e.  Hydro- 
pica,  Hydrocephalus  internus. 

ENCEPIIAL'IC,  Encephal'icna,  from  fv,  'in,' 
and  K€<f,a\ii,  'the  head.'  That  which  is  situate  in 
the  head.  A  name  given  to  several  parts  which 
relate  to  the  encephalon,  as  the  encephalic  mem- 
brane, vniscles,  &e. 

ENCEPIIALI'TIS,  from  Encephalon,  and  itia, 
denoting  inflammation.  This  term  has  been  used, 
by  some  nosologists,  synonj'mously  with  Cvpha- 
li'tia  and  Phreni'tis.  By  others,  it  has  been  ap- 
propriated to  inflammation  of  the  brain,  in  con- 
tradistinction to  that  of  the  membranes. 

Encephalitis  Exsudatoria,  Ilj'drocephalus 
internus  —  e.  Infantum,  Hydrocephalus  internus 
— e.  Insolationis,  Conp-de-aoleil — e.  Membranosa, 
Meningitis — e.  Peripherica,  Meningitis — e.  Pota- 
torum, Delirium  tremens. 

ENCEPHALIUM,  Cerebellum. 
ENCEPHALOCE'LE,  from  encephalon,  and 
KrjXr;,  'a  tumour.'  Hernia  seu  Fuia/na  Cerebri, 
Cranioce'le,  Hernia  of  the  Brain.  This  may  be 
a  congenital  or  accidental  afl"ection.  In  the  for- 
mer case,  it  is  dependent  upon  tardy  ossification 
of  the  fontanelles  or  some  faulty  conformation. 
In  the  latter,  it  is  owing  to  some  considerable 
loss  of  substance  in  the  parietes  of  the  cranium, 
produce<l  by  fractures,  wounds  with  a  cutting 
instrument,  caries,  the  application  of  the  tre- 
phine, Ac.  In  slight  congenital  encephalocele, 
gentle  pressure  may  be  exerted  upon  the  i)rotruded 
portion.  AVhen  the  disease  i.s*  of  considerable 
extent,  it  is  fatal.  In  accidental  encephalocele, 
similar  means  must  be  used  for  confining  the 
tumour,  and  preserving  it  from  the  action  of 
external  bodies. 

ENCEPHALOCIIYSIS,  Hydrocephalus  inter- 
nus — e.  Senilis.  Apoplexy,  serous. 
ENCEPHALODYNIA,  Cephalalgia. 
ENCEPHALOH^MIA,  Cephala-mia. 
ENOEPHALOUEMIE,  Cephala;mia. 


ENCEPIIALOID 


336 


ENCYSTIS 


EXCEPH'ALOID.  Encephaloi'dei,  Ceph'aloiil,  I 
Cepiuil<fi'des,  Cephdlo'mn,  from  encepha/un,  and 
uSos,  'resemblance.'  Lacnnec  has  given  the  term 
E»ceph'<(h>ld  or  Cer'ebri/urm  inntter  to  one  of 
the  morbid  substances  commonly  fnrraed  by  scir- 
rhous or  cancerous  tumours.  It  is  cither  encysted, 
in  irregular  masses  without  cj'sts,  or  infiltrated 
into  the  texture  of  the  diseased  organ.  This 
name  was  given  to  it  in  consequence  of  its  re- 
semblance, when  fully  developed,  to  the  medul- 
lary substance  of  the  brain.  It  is  also  called 
FiDigiin  iiiednlld'ria  seu  Caitcro'iM  mednlltt'rin 
seu  Cerebrn'lix,  Surco'mn  medulla're,  Spoixjoid 
inflnmniiition,  Cancer  cerebn'for'vie  seu  mollis  seu 
medidhi'vh,  Curciito'ma  medidla're  seu  spoii</i<)'- 
siim,  Ccirci'niis  spntigin'nus,  Striimn  fiinf/o'ea,  3fi/e- 
lo'mn,  Mi/elom'i/ces,  ilfyelonpon'giis,  Tela  acciden- 
ta'lis  niednUa'rh,  (F.)  3!atih-e  cerebn'forme,  Car- 
cinome  tiinii  et  sponi/eux,  Tumenr  encephido'ide  ou 
sponr/ieKne  ou  ossivore  ou  piilpcnse  ou  foiigdidc 
OU  fouijneuse  ou  Kpleiii/driiie,  Fongus  medullaire, 
Carciuome  snitghtiif,  Crtncer  7nou  ou  eiicepha/o'idc 
ou  mididldire  ;  3filt-like  tumour,  ]l fed' ii liar;/  sar- 
coma, Cel'liilar  cancer,  Fungoid  or  Uamatocer' - 
ebri/nrm  dinease.     See  Cancer. 

Encephaloid  Tumour  op  the  Lung,  Phthisis, 
cancerous. 

ENCEPnALOLOG"IA,  from  encephalon,  and 
"yoyoi,  'a  description.'  A  description  of  the  en- 
cephalon. 

ENCRFIlALOMALAriA,  Mollities  cerebri. 
ENCEPIIALOMALAXIS,  Mollities  cerebri. 
EXCEPHALO-MENINGITIS,     Meningo-ce- 
phalitis. 

ENCEPII'ALON,  Enceph'ahm,  EncepWalun, 
Enkeph'alon ;  from  tv,  'in,'  and  iceifiaKri,  'the 
bead.'  That  which  is  situate  in  the  head.  This 
name  has  generally  been  given  to  the  brain,  cere- 
bellum, and  niexiircphalon.  At  times,  it  includes 
likewise  the  mr.dulla  spinalis,  when  it  is  also  called 
the  Cer'ebro-spinal,  and  Neural  axis.  Under 
the  term  Craniospinal  axis  or  centre  of  automa- 
tic actions,  Dr.  Carpenter  includes  the  sensory 
ganglia — the  respiratory  and  stomato-gastric 
ganglia  forming  the  centre  of  the  medulla  ob- 
longata and  the  spinal  ganglia  or  true  spinal 
cord. 

ENCEPHALOPATHI'A,  (F.)  Encephalopa- 
tliie,  from  encephalon,  and  -naQoi,  'disease.'  A 
disease  of  the  encephalon. 

ENCF.i'HALOPATHrA  Literato'rum.  The  con- 
dition of  brain,  supposed  to  be  produced  by  over- 
tasking it. 

Enckpiiat.opathia  Puerpkrai.is,  Mania,  puer- 
peral—  e.  Saturnina,  see  Encepkalopathie  satur- 
nine. 

ENCEPHAL  OP  A  TFHE,  Encephalopathia  — 
e.  Crapvlciise.  Delirium  tremens. 

ENCEPHALOPATIUE  SATURNINE.  En- 
eephalo path  I'd  Saturni'na.  Encephalic  disorder 
occasioned  by  the  poison  of  lead. 

ENCEPHALOPHY'MATA,  Phymato'ses  seu 
Strnmo'ses  seu  Tuber'cula  cer'ebri ;  from  ence- 
phalon, and  ^vfia,  (f'VfiaTo;,  'a  tumour.'  Tuber- 
cles of  the  brain. 

ENCEPHALOPHTIIISIS,  see  Encephalopyo- 
sis. 

ENCEPHALOPYO'STS,  from  encephalon,  and 
1TV0V,  'pus.'  Apostp.'ma  seu  Absces'aus  seu  Helco'- 
sis  cer'ebi-i.  Suppuration  of  the  brain.  AVhen 
accompanied  with  emaciation  and  hectic,  it  is 
called  Encfphalopth i'sis. 

ENCEPIIALORACIIIDTAlSr,  Cephalo-spinal. 
ENCEPHALORPHACUA.  see  Apoplexy, 
EXCKPlIALOSCOPrA,  Craniologv. 
ENCEPIIALOSEPSrS,  Mollities  cerebri. 
EXCEPIIALOSIS  OF  THE  LIVER,  Hepato- 
ecirrbus. 


ENCEPIIALOSISMUS,  Concussion  of  the 
brain. 

ENCEPHALOSTRUMOSIS,  see  Hydrocepha- 
lus internus. 

ENCEPHALUM,  Encephalon. 

ENCEPIIALUS  OPISTllIUS,  Cerebellum. 

ENCEROSIS,  Inceration. 

ENCIIARAXIS,  Scarification. 

ENCIIA  rONNEMENT,  Chatonncmmt. 

ENCIIEIRE'SIS,  Envhire'sis,  Enchei'ria.  from 
tv,  and  xtip,  'the  hand.'  Galen  uses  tliis  ttiin  ii.« 
a  part  of  the  title  to  one  of  his  works,  whicli  trvM* 
of  dissection.  It  means  the  manual  ircatuieiil  of 
any  subject. 

ENCilKIRIA,  Enchciresis. 

ENCniFRENEMENT,  Coryza. 

ENCIIIRESIS,  Enchciresis. 

EXCHOXDROMA,  Chondroma. 

EXCHORIONOSUS,  Endemic. 

ENCIiORIOS,  Endemic. 

EXCHRISTOX,  Liniment. 

EXCIIYLOSIS,  Extraction. 

EXCHYMA,  Infusum,  Plethora. 

ENCHYMO'MA,  Enchijmo'sis,  from  tv,  and 
;^w(i),  'I  pour.'  By  the  ancients,  this  word  wiis 
used  to  designate  the  sudden  efi'usion  of  hloud 
into  the  cutaneous  vessels,  which  arises  from  j(iy, 
anger,  or  shame;  in  the  last  instance  constituting 
blushing.  It  differs  from  ecchymosis  in  there 
being,  in  the  latter,  extravasation  of  blood  into 
the  areolar  texture,  and  its  being  produced  by 
an  external  cause;  a  contusion,  lor  example. — 
Hippocrates. 

EXCHYSIS,  Infusion. 

ENCLA  VE,  Wedged. 

ENCLA  VEMENT,  see  Wedged. 

ENCLUME,  Incus. 

EXCLYDAS'TICOS,  intus  flue' t nans,  from  ty- 
K'XvSa^ojAai,  {tv,  and  (f^u^u),  'I  wash.')  'to  float  in.' 
Apjjlied  to  liquids,  e.  g.,  to  serum,  pus,  ifec,  con- 
tained in  any  cavity. 

EXCLYSMA,  Clyster,  Enema. 

EXCCE'LIA,  from  tv,  'in,'  and  Koi\ia,  'tho 
belly.'     The  abdominal  viscera.     The  entrails, 

EXCCELIALGIA,  Tormina— e.  Inflammatoria, 
Encoelitis. 

EXC(ELI'TIS,  Encwlii'tis,  Encwlia!y"in  in- 
flanrmato'ria,  Jn/lamma'ti')-  alidomiua'lis ;  from 
tyKoiXia,  'the  abdominal  contents,'  and  ills,  in- 
flammation. Inflammation  of  any  of  the  abdo- 
minal viscera. 

EXCOLPIS'MUS,  from  tv,  'in.'  and  KoU«i, 
'the  vagina.'  Injection  or  introduction  of  any 
thing  into  the  vagina. 

EXCOLPI'TIS,  Oolpophlegndn/menl'tis;  from 
tv,  'in,'  KoXtTOi,  'the  vagina,'  and  ills,  denoting' 
inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  lining  mem- 
brane of  the  vagina. 

EXCOPE,  Diacope,  Incision. 

ENCRANIOX,  Cerebellum. 

EX  C  RAX  IS,  Cerebellum. 

ENCRE,  Atramentum. 

EXCYESIS,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 

EXCYMOX,  Pregnancy. 

EXCYMOSIA,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 

EXCYSIS,  Pregnancy. 

EXCYST'ED,  Cystide  obduc'tus,  Srfcca'tut, 
S'tccula'tns,  Sae'cated,  Sac'culated,  Pouched. 
Enclosed  in  a  kj'st  or  cyst,  or  pouch ;  from  tv, 
'in,'  and  Kvarif,  'bladder.'  (F.)  Enl.i/ste.  An 
epithet  given  to  certain  tumours,  or  solid  or  flui'l 
collections  enclosed  in  a  particular  envelope  or 
cyst.  They  are  movable  and  often  elastic  to  the 
touch. 

EXCYS'TIS,  Tumor  tnnica'tns  seu  cyo'lic"', 
Emphy'ma  encys'tls.  Same  etymon.  Ln'pi", 
Glan'dula  Avicen'nm,  Nudus.  An  encysted  tu- 
mour. 


ENDADELPIIIA 


337 


ENDOSMOTIC 


EXDADETiPrilA,  see  EmhAtement. 
EXDAN'OTUM;  properly  Endnnyi'on  or  En- 
dangi'iun,  .)tembr(t'na  vitso'rnm  coinmu'nis,  (F.) 
Tuniijiic  commune  de  liichat;  from  eviov,  'within,' 
and  ayyetov,  'a  vessel.'  The  serous  or  lining 
meinbriine  of  vessels. 

ENDKIOTrCOS.  Indicant. 
ENDEIXIOL"OGY,  Endeixiolog"ia,  from  tv- 
hiin,  (cv,  .ind  fiuKvvui,  '  I  show,')  'indication,'  and 
Xoyof,  'a  discourse'     The  doctrine  of  indications. 
ENDKIXrS,  Indication. 
ENDKMIA,  Endemic. 

ENDKM'IC,  Endem'ical,  Ende'min,  Reginnn'- 
lin  morbus,  Eudein'icHH  ;  from  cv,  'in,'  and  Sniioi, 
'the    people;'    Eucho'rios,    Enchon'on'osun,    Ver- 
rific'uluH   seu    Endemiua   mor'bitu,    Eudeiny,    (P.) 
Endeinie,  Malndie  retjionnle.     A  disease   said   to 
be   endemic,   (F.)  Endemique,  or   to    arise    from 
endemic" itij ,    (F.)   endemicitS,  when    it   is  owing 
to  some  peculiarity  in    a   situation   or  locality. 
Thus,   ague    is   endemic    in    marshy    countries ; 
goitre  at  the  base  of  lofty  mountains,  Ac.     Some 
authors  use  the  term  in  the  same  sense  as  epide- 
mic.    We  have  no   accurate    knowledge  of  the 
emanations  or  other  circumstances   which   give 
occasion  to  endemic  affections.    We  seem  to  know 
that  some  emanation   from   marshy  lands  does 
produce  interniittents:    but  we  are   ignorant  of 
the  nature  of  such  emanation. 
ENDEMICITE,  see  Endemic. 
ENDEMICITY,  see  Endemic. 
ENDEMIOL'OGY,  Eudemiolof'ia,  from  'en- 
demic,' and  Aoyof,  'a  discourse.'     The  doctrine  of 
endemic  diseases. 
ENDlhnqUE,  Endemic. 
ENDEMY,  Endemic. 
ENDRPrOERMIS,  Epithelium. 
ENDER'MIC,      Ender' miens,      Endermnt' icnn, 
Emplds'lro-endermic,    (F.)    Enderi>iii/ue,  from    cv, 
and  ^t/jiin,  '  the  skin.'     An   epithet  given   to  the 
method  of  treating  diseases  by  placing  the  thera- 
peutical agent  in  contact  with  the  skin,  especially 
after  the  cuticle  has  been  removed  ;  Etiderm'ixm, 
Endermiii' muH,  Eudermo'sii,  Jfeth'odua  endcr'mica 
SOU      endermitl' iea,      Diadermntri'it.        Morphia, 
strychnia,    Jfcc,  are   often    administered   in    this 
way. 
ENDERMIS,  see  Endermic. 
ENDERMISMUS,  see  Endermic. 
ENDERMOSIS,  see  Endermic. 
EN'DESIS,   from  tv,  'in,'  and  icu>,  'I  bind.' 
A  ligature,    bandage,    connexion.      Hippocrates 
has  so  termed  the  ankle-joint. 

ENDIVE.  Cichorium  endivia — e.  Wild,  Cicho- 
riura  intvbus. 
ENDIVIA,  Cichorium  endivia. 
ENDIXIS,  Indication. 

ENDO,  from  cvfiov,  'within.'    A  common  prefix, 
as  in  the  following  terms  : 

ENDO-AORTI'TIS,  from  cv^ov.  'within,'  and 
anrtitifi,  'inflammation  of  the  aorta.'     Inflamma- 
tion of  the  lining  membrane  of  the  aorta. 
ENDO-ARTERITIS,  see  Arteritis. 
END015LAST,  see  Periblast. 
E.ynOCA RDK,  Endocardium. 
ENDOCAR'DIAC,  Endocar'dial,  Endorardi'- 
(iciit:  same  etymon  as  the  next.     Relating  to  the 
endocardium,  or  to  the  interior  of  the  heart;  as 
'  endocardiac  sound  or  raurniiir,'  —  a  sound  pro- 
duced within  the  cavities  of  the  heart,  in  contra- 
distinction to  crocardiac  or  exocardial  sounds  or 
murmurs,  which  are  induced  by  conditions  of  the 
external  surface  of  the  organ. 

ENDOCARDI'TIS,  Encnrdith,  Cordi'tia  jii- 
Ifr  nn,  Inflnmmn'tio  auperfic" iei  iuter'ncp  cordia, 
fnter'nal  Cnrdilia,  Titfianima'tion  of  the  internal 
membrane  of  the  heart,  (F.)  Eudocardite,  from  en- 
docard'iiim,  the  lining  membrane  of  the  heart, 
22 


and  ttia,  inflammation.  In  this  discnse,  the 
heart's  action  is  visibly  increased,  and  very  mani- 
fest to  the  touch  ;  the  hand  is  strongly  repelled, 
and,  at  moments,  is  sensible  of  a  trembling  vi- 
bratory motion.  Percussion  gives  a  dull  sound 
over  a  surface  of  several  inches,  owing,  accord- 
ing to  Bouillaud,  to  the  inflammatory  turgescence 
of  the  heart,  and  the  engorged  state  of  its  cavi- 
ties. On  auscultation,  a  bruit  de  soufflct  is  gene- 
rally beard,  masking  one  or  both  sounds  of  the 
heart;  and  the  ear  is  sensible  of  a  metallic  ring- 
ing with  each  systole  of  the  ventricle.  The  pul- 
sations are  rapid  as  well  as  strong,  and,  with  fe.v 
exceptions,  irregular,  unequal  and  intermittent. 
The  pulse,  by  the  way,  does  not  always  indicate 
the  force  or  number  of  the  heart's  contractions. 

ENDOCAll'DIUM,   from  tv6ov,   'within,'  and 
Ka^j^ia,  '  the  heart.'    (F.)  Endocnrde.     The  mem- 
brane that  lines  the  interior  of  the  heart. 
ENDOCHORIOX,  see  Chorion. 
ENDOCOLITIS,  Dysentery. 
ENDOCYMIEN,  from tvhov, '  within,'  and ;ci.^.,, 
'the  product  of  conception.'     A  double  monsrt-r 
by  inclusion  —  Isidore  G.  St.  Hilaire.     See  Em- 
boitement. 

ENDODONTI'TIS,  (F.)  Inflammation  de  hi 
Puipe  dentnire.  Inflammation  of  the^Deiital  mem- 
brane, from  evfiov,  '  within,'  o^ovi,  oiovroi,  'a  tooth.' 
and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammatiua 
of  the  lining  membrane  of  a  tooth. 
ENDO-ENTERITIS,  see  Enteritis. 
ENDOGASTRI'TtS,  Eso,/aatri'tis  ,-  from  svSov, 
'within,'  and  gaatritia,  'inflammation  of  the  sto- 
mach.' Inflammation  of  the  lining  membrane 
of  the  stomach. 

ENDOGEN,  see  Endogenous. 
ENDO(}"ENOUS;  from  iv(]ov,  'within,'  and 
ycvvaio,  '  I  engender.'  A  term  first  applied  to 
plants  —  hence  called  End'ocfena  —  in  which  the 
new  woody  matter  is  deposited  within  the  old, 
and  towards  the  centre.  In  the  animal,  cells  are 
often  formed  endogenoualy,  or  within  the  cells,  as 
in  the  case  of  the  sperm  vesicles. 

An  endog"enoua  aneurism  is  one  that  originates 
spontaneously  from  lesions  of  the  inner  coat  of 
the  arteries. 

ENDO  LYMPH,  Vitrine  auditive. 
ENDOMETRI'TIS,  from  tvSov,  'within.'  and 
metritis,  'inflammation   of   the  uterus.'     Inflam- 
mation  of  the  lining   membrane   of  the   uterus. 
When  accompanied  with  a  diphtheritic  exudation, 
it  is  sometimes  called  Endometri'tis  croupo'sa. 
ENDOXARTERITIS.  see  Arteritis. 
ENDOPIILEBITIS.  Phlebitis. 
ENDOPLAST,  see  Periplast. 
ENDORMIE,  Datura  stramonium. 
ENDOSIS,  Remission. 
ENDO-SKELETON,  see  Skeleton. 
ENDOSMOSE,    Endosmo'sia,     Double     Im- 
bibit"ion,  from  tv&ov,   'within,'  and   oxr^oj,   'Im- 
pulse.'    A  term  first  used  by  Dutrocliet,  to  ex- 
press the  action  by  which  fluids  pass  from  with- 
out to  within   organic  membranes.     The  action 
of  two  fluids  on  each  other,  when  sepnrated  by  a 
membrane.     The  general  conditions  of  the  phe- 
nomena are- — frst,  that   they  should   have  an 
affinity  for    the    interposed   membrane:    and    sn 
condly,  that  they  should  have  an  aflinity  for  each 
other,  and  be  miscible. 

At  the  present  day,  endnsmoae  is  genernlly  used 
to  signify'  the  passage  of  the  more  transmissible 
fluid,  whilst  exosmose  signifies  that  of  the  least 
transmissible.  The  rnpidity  with  which  endos- 
mose  is  accomplished  varies  according  to  the 
nature  of  the  septum  or  tissue  and  of  the  penc- 
tratinc:  body,  and  to  the  penetrability  of  the  tissue. 
ENDOSMIC,  Endosmotic. 
ENDOSMOT'IC,     Endoamot'iciis,    Endoa'mic, 


ENDOSTElTIS 


338 


EKGOUEMEKT 


Eiidoa' miens;  same   etymon.      Belonging  to  en- 
dosinose  : — as  an  '  endoamutic  current.' 

ENDOSTEI'TIS,  from  tviov,  'within,'  oareov, 
'aliDne.'  and  itin,  denoting  inflanmiation.  In- 
flatiiiiiation  of  the  internal  periosteum. 

ENDOSTEUM,  Medullary  membrane. 

ENDOt'TERITIS,  see  Metritis. 
^ENDUIT  (F.),  from  indiiere,  'to  put  upon,' 
•to  put  on.'  A  cont ;  a  fur.  This  term  is  often 
applied  to  a  layer  of  greater  or  loss  thickne.^s 
which  cover.-!  the  surface  of  ccrtnin  organs,  and 
particularly  of  the  tongue  and  the  interior  of  the 
mouth.  The  euduit  is  designated  variously,  ac- 
cording to  its  appearance, — endiirt  bi'Heux,  jainie, 
hhinc.  &c.  —  a  bilious,  j/elloic,  u-hite  coat  or  fur, 
<fec.  It  is  at  times  owing  to  the  evaporation  of 
the  watery  portions  of  the  secretions;  at  others, 
to  a  morbid  condition  of  the  secretions:  —  gene- 
rally, to  both  causes  combined.  The  tongue,  in 
such  a  condition,  is  said  to  be  coated  or  furred ; 
sometimes,  loadtd. 

ENDUIT  CHOnOfDTEN,  see  Choroid. 

ENDURCISSEMENT,  Induration  — e.  dn 
Cerveau,  Sclerencephalia — e.  Rouge,  see  Hepati- 
zation— e.  dn  Cwiir,  Curdiosc/erosie — e.  du  Tiasu 
celldl'iire.  Induration  of  the  cellulnr  ti.'<sue. 

EXDYMA  VENTRICULORUM,  Ependyma 
ventriculornm. 

ENECHEMA,  Tinnitus  auriura. 

ENECIA,  Synocha  —  e.  Cauma,  Synocha  —  e. 
Synochus  Puerperarum,  see  Peritonitis — e.  Syno- 
cluis,  Synochus. 

PIN'EMA,  cvtfia,  from  cvtrifxi,  (tv,  and  irjjii,  'to 
inject.'  Clyamn,  Clyf:muH,  Enchja'mn,  Lcivnmeu' - 
turn,  Lo'tio.  An  Lijertion,  Chjster,  (F.)  Chjstlre, 
L'XKCiiient.  A  well-known  f<irra  of  conveying 
medicine  into  the  intestinal  canal.     See  Clyster. 

Enema  Aloes,  C/i/nter  of  (does.  (Aloes,  J^ij; 
Potass,  carbon,  gr.  XV  ;  Uecoet.  Hordei,  Oss,  (Imp. 
meas.,)  M.  Ph.  L.)  Used  in  cases  of  ascarides 
and  amenorrhoea. 

Enrha  Anod'yvuh,  Enemn  O'pii ;  An'odyne 
or  Starch  and  Opium  Clyster.  [Decoct,  amyli 
f,^iv;  tinct.  opii  TT\^.  xxx.  M.  Ph.  L.)  Exhibited 
in  cases  of  severe  diarrhoea  or  dysentery. 

En'EMA  Catiiart'ici'M  ;  Cathartic  or  Purging 
Clyster.  ( Olei.  oliv.  f  ^j  ;  s}(lph.  magties.  ^j  ; 
niiicilng.  acacicB  f^\v\  ;   M.      Ph.D.) 

Enema  Colocynth'idis,  Clyster  of  Col'ocynth. 
(E.rt.  Colocynth  3*8 ;  Sapon.  mollis  ^j  ;  aqucB,  Oj. 
(Imp.  meas.,)  M.  Ph.  L.)  An  eflScient  cathartic 
clystfr. 

Enema  Commd'ne  ;  Common  or  Domestic 
Clyster.  (  Water  gruel  or  molasses  and  roater  Oss 
or  Oj  :  add  n  little  oil  or  lard,  and  a  spnnn/nl  of 
common  salt.)  Given  as  a  cathartic  enema;  and, 
without  the  common  salt,  as  an  emollient. 

Enema  Fcet'idum,  E.  assafw'tideB,  Fetid  Clys- 
ter,  Clyxter  of  assafetida  ;  Jfls'turn  asafie'tidcB 
pro  clys'mate,  Clysma  ton'icuni  et  anfispasmod'- 
icnm  seu  in'citans  et  sedans,  (F.)  Larement  anti- 
spaamodique.  {The  last,  %vith  the  addition  of  "Zx] 
of  the  tincture  of  asafvetida.  Ph.  D.)  Given  as 
an  antispasmodic  and  anodyne. 

Enema  Nicotia'n^;  Tobac'co  Clyster.  This 
generally  consists  of  from  half  a  pint  to  a  pint  of 
the  Infiisnm  Tabnci.  It  is  emploj'ed  in  cases  of 
strangulated  hernia;  but  occasionally  acts  as  a 
fatal  poison  when  given  in  this  way.  The  smoke 
of  tobacco  is  sometimes  thrown  up  the  rectum  to 
produce  the  same  medicinal  effects  as  the  infusion. 

Enema  Onr,  E.  anodynum. 

Enema  TRREBlN'TniN^  ;  Tur'pentine  Clyster. 
[01.  tereh.  f^j.  Decoct,  hordei  f^^xix,  one  yolk  of 
egg.  Incorporate  the  turpentine  with  the  yolk, 
then  add  the  gruel.  Ph.  L.)  To  be  adminis- 
tere<l  in  cases  of  ascarides,  (ojryures.) 

ENEPIDERM'IC,  Enepider'micus,  from  tv, 
*ia,'  cJ!i,  'upon,'  and  iepua,  'the  skin.'     An  epi- 


thet given  to  the  method  of  treating  discnses 
which  consists  in  the  application  of  medicines  • 
as  plasters,  blasters,  Ac,  to  the  skin. 

ENEHEISIS,  Compression. 

ENEiUJIA,  Action,  Force. 

EN'ERGY,  Eneryi'a,  from  eytpytw,  [tv,  anj 
epyov,  '  action,')  '  I  act.'  Action.  Acting  power, 
Also,  vigour;  as  the  'witscnlar  energy;'  (bo 
'  brain  acts  icilh  energy.' 

ENERVATIO,  Aponeurosis,  Enervation. 

ENERVA'TION,  Encrra'tio,  from  e,  'out  of,' 
and  nerrus,  'strength.'  The  act  of  weakening— 
the  state  of  being  weakened.     See  Debility 

ENERVATIONES  TENDINEyE,  Inscrijni. 
ones  tendineae  musculorum. 

ENERVITAS,  Inertia. 

ENFANCE,  Infancy. 

ENFANT,  Infans — e.  d  Terme,  see  Foetus— ^ 
Legitime,  see  Legitimate 

ENFANTEMENT,  Parturition. 

ENFLURE,  Swelling,  ffidema— e.  des  Jamhei 
et  des  cuisscg  de  lafemme  accouchec,  Phlegmatia 
dolens. 

ENFONCEMENT  SCAPHOIDE,  Seaphoi- 
des  fossa. 

ENFONCEURE,  Arthrodia. 

ENFONCURE,  Arthrodia. 

ENGASTERION,  Laboratory. 

ENGASTRIMISME,  see  Engastrimyth. 

ENGASTRIM y^SME,see  Engastrimyth. 

ENGAS'TRIMYTH  ;  Engastrimy'thus,  En. 
glottogas'tor,  Gustril'oqaus.  Ventril'oqum,  Gun- 
tril'oquist,  Eu'rycles,  Enrycli'tus,  Enleromou'tis, 
Gastroman'tis,  from  tv,  'in,'  yanrrip,  'the  belly,' 
and  fivStoiiai,  '  I  discourse.'  A  Ventril'uqmnt. 
(F.)  Ventriloqne,  Gastrilqqiie.  One  who  pos- 
sesses the  art  of  modifying  his  natural  voice,  so 
that  it  seems  to  come  from  a  greater  or  less  dis- 
tance, and  from  different  directions.  It  wiis  for- 
merly believed  that  such  persons  spoke  from  the 
belly  ;  hence  their  name.  It  is  an  imitative  art, 
and  is  called  Ventuiloquism.  (F.)  Enyuitri- 
misme,  Enqastrimysnie. 

ENGEl'SOMA,  Engisoma. 

ENGEIAJRE,  Chilblain. 

ENGIIIEN  MONTMORENCY,  MINERAL 
WATERS  OF.  Enghicn-les-naiii».  A  hydru- 
sulphurous  water,  four  leagues  from  Paris,  near 
Montmorency,  which  is  possessed  of  some  cele- 
brity. It  contains  chloride  of  sodium,  chiorido 
of  magnesium,  sulphate  of  magnesia,  sulphate  uf 
lime,  carbonate  of  magnesia,  carbonate  of  lime, 
silica,  sulphohydrate  of  lime  and  magnesia,  sul- 
phohydric  acid,  carbonic  acid  and  nitrogen. 

ENGISO'iMA,  Engeiso'ma,  Engizu'ina,  from 
cyyi^ii),  'I  approximate.'  (F.)  Embarrnre.  A 
species  of  fracture  of  the  skull,  in  which  a  splin- 
ter passes  beneath  the  sound  portion  of  the  bone, 
and  compresses  the  brain. — Galen.  Also,  a  kind 
of  instrument  used  in  fractures  of  the  clavicle. 

ENGLISH  DISEASE,  Rachitis. 

ENGLOTTOGASTOR,  Engastrimyth. 

ENGOMPHOSIS,  Gomphosis. 

ENGORGEMENT,  from  en,  'in,'  and  gorye, 
'  the  throat.'  An  obstruction  occurring  in  the 
vessels  of  a  part,  giving  rise  to  augmentation  of 
volume.     Congestion. 

ENGORGEMENT  DES  MEMBEES  AD- 
DOMINAUXA  LA  SUITE  DES  COUCHES, 
Phlegmatia  dolens — e.  Hepatic,  Ilcpatohaemia  — 
e.  Lniteux  des  membres  abdominaux,  PhlegmaH* 
dolens. 

ENGOUEBIENT  (F.),  Obstmc.'tio,  htr'lia, 
from  aiigere,  '  to  choke.'  Accumulation  in  « 
hollow  organ,  of  the  matters  secreted  by  it  of 
carried  into  it.  There  is  said  to  be  Engouemeui 
des  bronches,  when  the  mucus  accumulates  in  the 
bronchia;  and  Engouement  des  intestins,  wh«n 
the  matters  which  ought  to  pass  through  the  in- 


ENGOUEMENT 


339     ENTEREPIPLOMPHALOCELE 


tcstines  are  detained;  as  in  a  case  of  strangulated 
litrnia. 

ENGOUEMENT  DES  POUMONS,  E.  of  the 
httKjn,  in  Pathological  Anatomy,  signifies  that 
flalc  of  tho  lungs,  in  which  a  mixture  of  air  and 
tliin  fluid  CRcapps  from  them  when  cut  into. 

ESnornnrSSE.UENT,  Torpor. 

ENGIiENI'RR,  Suture. 

EN H /EM ATOSIS,  Ilaematosis. 

ENIXA,  Puerpera. 

ENIXIO  F(ET0S,  Parturition. 

ENIXIIS  FOiTUSi  Parturition. 

ENKEPHALON,  Encephalon. 

ENKYSTE.  Encysted. 

ENK YS TKMENT,  Chatnnnement. 

ENMETIUTIS,  see  Metritis. 

ENNEAPUAR'MACOS,  from  cvpca,  'nine,' 
nnd  (pafitiaKov,  'a  medicine.'  A  medicine,  com- 
liiiseil  of  nine  simple  ingredients.  A  pessary,  so 
firmed.  —  Galen,  Paulus.  The  Antid'otni  Hern- 
cli'ill),  described  by  (Jalen,  and  some  plasters  by 
Ac'tius  and  Celsus,  are,  likewise,  termed  Eiiuea- 
phiirmnca. — Gorraeus. 

ENORMIS,  Abnormous. 

ENOKMITAS  CORDIS,  Heart,  hypertrophy. 

ENOR'MON,  tvopuwv,  llormon,  Iiii'2)etnni  f<i'- 
cieiiK,  from  tv,  'in,'  and  opiiau),  '  I  rouse,' '  excite.' 
A  word  used  by  Hippocrates  in  the  same  sense 
as  mtnl  principle  is  by  modern  physiologists. 

EN'OSrS,  Insertion. 

KNOSTO'SIS,  Eiitosto'ni'it,  from  ev,  'in,'  and 
oareov,  'a  bone.'  A  morbid  growth  of  bone  in- 
wards— the  opposite  to  exostosis. 

ENRAGE,  Rabid. 

ENUHUMER,  See  Cold. 

ENROUEMENT,  Raucedo. 

ENRYTH'MOS,  from  tv,  and  /jv^^of,  'number.' 
Iliiving  rhythm.  An  epithet  applied  to  the  pulse 
when  its  pulsations  occur  with  some  degree  of 
order.  It  is  opposed  to  Aryth'mon,  and  differs 
from  EurythnioH,  which  signifies  'regular.' 

ENS.  A  being.  Paracelsus  meant,  by  this 
term,  the  power  exerted  by  certain  beings  on 
our  body.  Ho  speaks  of  the  Ens  Dei,  E.  Astro' - 
rum,  E.  naturu'le,  E.  rirtii'tis,  E.  morho'riim,  E. 
(le  pnleti'libiis  spirit'ibits,  &c.  These  absurd  de- 
iimuitiiitions  suggested  to  some  of  the  ancient 
chyinists  a  name  for  certain  chj'mical  prepara- 
tions. The  muriate  of  ammonia  and  iron  was 
called  Ens  mnrtis ;  the  muriate  of  ammonia  and 
copper,  £ii)r  t'ciieci*  ;  and  Ens  primiim  was,  with 
the  alohymists,  the  name  of  a  tincture  which  they 
I'onsidered  possessed  of  the  power  of  transmuting 
nietnis. 

Ens  Martis,  Ferrum  ammoniatum — e.  Veneris, 
lioyli'i,  Ferrum  ammoniatum. 

r- ^  h I F 0  R  JVI,  Eiisifor'mis,  from  eiisis,  'a 
sword,' and /or;»(T,  'form.'     Sword-like. 

Ensifoum  Apophy'sks  or  Puoc"esses  are  the 
lesser  a!a>  of  the  sphenoid  bone. 

ExsiFoiiM  Appk.v'dix  or  Car'tilage  is  the 
*|I'lioid  appendix  of  the  sternum,  &c.  See  Xi- 
rlioid. 

EXSIFORMIS.  Xiphoid. 

EN'Sr-STERXAL.  Relating  to  the  ensiforra 
procescs  of  the  sternum.  Bcclard  gave  this  name 
'"  the  last  osseous  portion  of  the  sternum.  He 
"ISO  called  it  fos  ullimi-stenud.  See  Ultituo- 
siernal. 


EVSOMATOSIS,  Incorporation. 
tXSTALAX'IS,  Instillation. 


E.ySTROPIIE.  from  ev,  'in,'  and  (rr/jtcdu,  'I 
turn.     Inversion  of  a  part,  as  of  the  eyelids. 

^NTA  liLEMKNT,  Depression. 

,  ^^TAILLE  (V.),  from  en,  'in,'  and  taiUer, 

'0  cut.'     E.rrin'io,    Ec'cape,    Ec'tome.     A    deep 

^l^iind  made  by  s  sharp   instrument  obliquely. 

■t  I'.'i/^,  ,„„l  T,tilf,nhs  are,  also,  used  to  desig- 


nate deep  scarifications,  made  for  the  purpose  of 
producing  a  speedy  diyonjement  of  any  tumefied 
part ;  such,  for  example,  as  are  made  in  the 
tongue  in  certain  cases  of  glossitis. 

ENTAMURE  (F.).  A  slight  incision  or  lace- 
ration. 

ENTANTHEMA,  Eisanthema. 

EXTASIA,  Tonic  spasm — e.  Articularis,  Con- 
tractura  —  e.  Loxia,  Torticollis  —  e.  Priapismus, 
Priapismus — e.  Systremma,  Cramp — e.  Tetanus, 
Tetanus  —  e.  Tetanus  anticus,  EmprostLotonos — • 
e.  Trismus,  Trismus. 

ENTASIS,  Tonic  spasm. 

ENTAT'ICUS,  Intensi' vus,  from  ivrcivo},  '  I 
make  tense.'  A  medicine  which  excites  the  ve- 
nereal appetite. 

ENTELIPATHIA,  Nymphomania. 

ENTELMINTHA,  Worms. 

EXTENDEMENT,  Intellect. 

ENTERADELPHIA,  see  Emhntemeut. 

ENTERAD'ENES,  from  cvrtpov,  'an  intestine,* 
and  a&riv,  'a  gland.'  The  mucous  glands  of  the 
intestines.     See  Peyeri  glandulae. 

ENTERADENOCJ'RAPIIY,  Enteradcnogra'- 
phin,  from  evrtpov,  '  intestine,' o^f/i/,  'gland,' and 
ypa(p>i,  '  a  description.'  A  description  of  the  in- 
testinal glands. 

E  N  T  E  R  A p  E  N  0  L'OGY,  Enteradeno/og"!a, 
from  cvTtpov,  'intestine,'  aSn",  'gland,'  and  Aoyoy, 
'a  treatise.'  That  part  of  anatomy  which  treats 
of  the  intestinal  glands. 

ENTERAKRECTASIA,  Tympanites. 

ENTERAL'GIA,  Enterodyn'ia,  from  tvrcpov, 
'intestine,'  and  aXyoi,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the  intes- 
tines.    Colic. 

ExTEnALGiA  Acuta,  Enteritis  —  e.  Inflamma- 
toria,  Enteritis — e.  Saturnina,  Colica  metallica. 

E  N  T  E  R  A  N  G  E  M  P  II  R  A  X  I  S,  EnterangU 
emphraxis. 

E  N  T  E  R  A  N  G  I E  M  P  H  R  A  X  '  I S,  Enteran- 
gcmphrax'is,  from  evTcpov,  'intestine,'  ay)(u>,  'I 
strangle,'  and  cpuppaaaiii,  'I  obstruct.'  Obstruction 
of  the  vessels  of  tlie  intestines. 

ENTERATROPH'IA,  Atroph'in  Tntestino'rum, 
from  evTcpov,  'intestine,' and  atrophia,  'want  of 
nutrition.'    Atrojjhy  of  the  coats  of  the  intestines. 

ENTERAUX'E,  from  ci'Tcpov,  'intestine,'  and 
av^rj,  'increase.'  Hypertrophy  of  the  muscular 
coat  of  the  intestines. — Fuchs. 

ENTERECHE'MA,  from  ivrepov,  'intestine.' 
and  ri)(^ri,  r!)^w,  >]xip'i,  'sound.'  Son'itns  inlestiua'- 
lis.  Tlie  sound  of  the  movement  of  the  intes- 
tines, heard  l)v  the  stethoscope. 

ENTKREC'TASIS,  Di/atn'tio  Intcstiuo'rnm, 
from  ivTcpov,  '  intestine,' and  ektoo-is,  'dilatation.' 
Dilatation  of  the  intestines,  as  in  tympanites. 

ENTERELCO'SIS,  Enterhe/co'sis,  Enterohel. 
co'sis,  from  tvrtpov,  'intestine,' and 'cXkcixris,  '  ul- 
ceration.' Ulceration  of  intestines — Ukera'tio 
intestind'lis.   Ul'cera  inlestina'lin. 

ENTERELESIA,  Ileus. 
ENTERELOSIS,  Hens. 

ENTEREMPJIRAX'IS,  In/arc'tus  Litestivo'. 
rum,  Jnctircera'tio  iutestino'nim  inter'na,  (P.) 
Etranr/Ument  des  Intestins,  E.  Intestinnle,  from 
evrrpov,  'intestine,'  and  cttippalu,  'obstruction.' 
Oi/striiclion  of  the  Intentines  fnnn  accumulation 
of  faeces  or  otherwise.  Also,  Enterangiemphraxis. 
ENTEREN'CHYTA,  Enteren'chytes,  from  tv- 
rcpov, 'an  intestine,'  tv,  and  ;^fi>),  '1  pour.'  Any 
surgical  instrument  for  administering  injections. 
— Scultetus. 

EXTEREPIPLOCELE,  Enteroepiplocele. 
EXTEREPIPLOMPHALOCE'LE,  from  ivrt- 
pov,  'intestine,'  t7nn\oov,  'omentum,'  opKpa^o;, 
'  navel,'  and  /tijXij,  '  rupture.'  Hernia  of  the  um- 
bilicus, with  protrusion  of  the  omentum  and  in- 
testine. 


ENTERHELCOSIS 


340 


ENTEROMORPniA 


ENTERHELCOSIS,  Enterelcosis— e.  Nervosa,  ] 
Tvphn?  fahfJiiminal.'l 

'enter  llYPERTROPiriA.//y/)<Tf;-o;)A')Vij'n- 
tentiiiii'riini,  from  tvripov,  '  intestine.' and  hyper- 
trophia,  'excessive  nutrition.'  Hypertrophy  of 
the  coats  of  the  intestines. 

ENTERIC.  Intestinal. 

ENTER'ICA,  from  cvrcpov,  'an  intestine.'  Dis- 
eases affeotiiiir  the  alimentary  caii.al.  Order  I., 
Cl.Tss  I.  {C<i'li'ica),  of  Good.  Also,  medicines 
aflFeeting  the  alimentary  canal. 

ENTERICU.S,  Intestinal. 

ENTKRIQUE,  Intestinal. 

EXTKRITE  FOLLJCdLFATSE,  see  Typhus 
— e.  Tiiphohemiffue,  Typhoid  fever. 

ENTEKI'TIS,  from  tvTipov,  'an  intestine,'  and 
itin,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
intestines.  Empren'ma  Eiiteri'tin,  Intesti'no'riim 
inflanniui'tio,  Ileo-CDU'th,  Chordap'sKH,  Ciiumn 
Jlnterltin,  Enterr>ph/og"ia,  Enterophlogo'sis,  C<>'- 
lica  acuta  sen  hijlammato'ria,  Il'eits  iiijlammato'- 
rins,  Eiiteyal't/id  acu'ta  seu  Liflannnato'rin,  Fe- 
bris  iiitentiiii)' nim  seu  ili'aca  injlninninto'ria,  En- 
ierop'iira,  (F.)  Eiiten'te.  hijlammntinn  dca  Intestins. 
The  essential  symptoms  of  this  disease  are: — 
violent  ahdomin.al  pain,  increased  on  pressure: 
with  vomiting  and  inflammatory  fever.  Enteritis 
may  affect  both  the  peritoneal  and  the  mucous 
coat  of  the  intestines  ;  and,  in  violent  cases,  all 
the  coats  may  he  implicated.  The  structure  of 
the  mucous  ami  peritoneal  coats  is  diiferent ;  so 
are  their  functions  in  health  and  disease.  The 
inflammation  of  the  serous  coat,  Sero-enterith, 
resembles  that  of  the  cellular  membrane;  the 
inflammation  of  the  mucous  coat,  that  of  the  skin. 
The  former  is  usually,  therefore,  of  a  more  active 
character.  Inflammation  of  the  raucous  coat, 
Eio  -  enteri'tin,  Endo  -  enteri'tin,  Mnco  -  enteri'tin, 
Jt neons  Eiiteritiii,  Phfer/iin/nieni'tis  enter'ica,  is 
generally  attended  with  diarrhoea,  and  its  patho- 
logy is  identical  with  that  of  dysentery.  Inflam- 
mation of  th-e  peritoneal  coat  is,  on  the  other 
hand,  generally  attended  with  constipation. 

Enteritis  of  the  peritoneal  coat,  for  such  usually 
is  the  meaning  of  the  word  in  the  abstract,  re- 
quires the  most  active  treatment.  Copious  bleed- 
ing, followed  up  by  a  large  dose  of  opium  — and, 
if  the  symptoms  be  not  decidedly  ameliorated, 
repeating  the  bleeding  and  opium — warm  fomen- 
tations, and  blisters,  are  the  chief  agents  to  be 
relied  upon.  Purgatives  ought  not  to  be  exhibited 
until  the  inflammation  and  spasm  are  abated  by 
the  use  of  the  l)leeding  and  opium.  When  the 
physician  is  called  early,  this  plan  will  usually 
succeed.  Sometimes,  Enteritis  passes  into  a  chro- 
nic state,  requiring  much  careful  management. 
Broussais  considered  inflammation  of  the  mucous 
coat  of  the  stomach  and  intestines  as  the  proxi- 
mate cause  of  the  phenomena  of  fever. 

Enteiiitis  Arthritica,  Coeliagra  —  e.  Colica, 
Colitis  —  e.  Epiploitis,  Epiploitis  —  e.  Follicular, 
Typhoid  fever  —  e.  FoUiculosa,  see  Typhoid  —  e. 
Mesenterica,  Mesenteritis — e.  Mucous,  see  Ente- 
ritis— e.  Pustulosa,  Dothinenteritis. 

EN'TERO,  from  ivrcpov,  'an  intestine,' in  com- 
pound words  signifies  intestine,  as  in  the  follow- 
ing:— 

ENTEROBRO'SIS,  Enterorrhex'is,  Perfora'tio 
Jiitestino'rnm,  (F.)  Per/oration  de.s  Intestlns,  from 
tvTtpov,  'an  intestine,'  and  jipioati,  'the  act  of 
gnawing.'     Perforation  of  the  intestines. 

ENTEROC'ACE,  Di/sente'n'a  pu'tn'dri  seu  ty- 
pho'dea  seu  acorbit'tica  seu  maltg'na,  from  tvrepov, 
'an  intestine,'  and  KaKos,  'evil.'  Adynamic  dy- 
sentery, accompanied  by  phenomena  indicating  a 
pseudo-membranous  and  gangrenous  state  of  the 
lining  membrane  of  the  large  intestine. 

ENTEROCE'LE,    Hernia    inteatina'lU,    from 


tvTcpov,  'nn  intestine,' and  kj;Xi?.  'n  hernia,' ,'tn- 
mour.'  Abdominal  hernia,  which  contains  only 
a  portion  of  intestine,  is  so  called. 

ENTERO  -  CEPIIALOPYKA  INFANTUM, 
Hydrocephalus  Internus. 

ENTEROCCE'LICUS,  from  tvrtpov,  'intestine,' 
and  KOi\ia,  'the  cavity  of  the  abdomen.'  Relating 
to  the  cavity  of  the  abdomen. 

EN'TERO-COLI'TIS,  (F.)  Entfro-coUle,  from 
cvTtpov,  '  intestine,' and  co^/ri'*,  'inflammation  cif 
the  colon.'  Inflammation  of  the  small  intestine 
and  Colon. 

ENTEROCYSTOCE'LE,  from  cvrtpov,  'an  in- 
testine,' KvoTti,  'a  bladder,'  and  ifi/Ai),  'a  tumour.' 
Hernia  formed  by  the  bliidder  and  a  portion  of 
intestine. 

ENTERODAR'SIS,  from  tvrepov,  'intestine,' 
and  iapaii,  '  skinning.'  Excoriation  of  the  mu- 
cous membrane  of  the  intestines. 

ENTERODOTHIENIA.  Dothinenteritis. 

ENTERODYNIA,  Enteral_gia. 

ENTERO -EPIPLOCE'LE,  Entcvepiplnce'le, 
Her'nia  iitteatiita'lis  omentn'lia,  from  tvTcpov,  'in- 
testin-e,' tTTiTXaoi',  'the  omentum,'  and  Kr)\r],  'tu- 
mour.' Hernia,  formed  by  intestine  and  omen- 
tum. 

ENTERO-EPIPLOM'PHALUS,  from  tvnpov, 
'intestine,'  fr;tiT\oov,  'the  omentum,' and  o/i^oXof, 
'the  umbilicus.'  Umbilical  hernia,  contuinin'' 
intestine  and  omentum.  Almost  all  uiubilicid 
hernifB  are  of  this  kind. 

ENTEROG'RAPHY,  Entemgm'pliia,  from  tv- 
rtpov, '  intestine,' .and  ypa<pri,  'description.'  The 
part  of  anatomy  which  describes  the  intestines. 

ENTERO-HyEMORRHAGIA,  IL-craatochezia. 

ENTEROHELCOSIS,  Enterelcosis. 

ENTERO-HYDROCE'LE,  from  tvrtpov,  'in- 
testine,' 'viu>p,  'water,'  and  KtjXr^,  'tumour.'  In- 
testinal hernia  complicated  with  hydrocele. 

ENTERO-IIYDROM'PHALUS,  from  tvrtpov, 
'intestine,' 'irtSwp,  'water,'  and  o/<0aAo5,  'the  mi- 
vel.'  Umbilical  hernia,  in  which  the  sac  contains, 
along  with  a  portion  of  intestine,  a  quantity  of 
serum. 

ENTERO-ISCHTOCE'LE,  from  tvrtpov,  'in- 
testine,' ia)(^iov,  'ischium.'  and  ktiXti,  'tumour. 
hchint'ic  h'-min,  formed  of  intestine. 

ENTEROLITIII'ASIS,  from  tvrti^ov,  'intes- 
tine,' and  XiSiaais,  'the  formation  of  stone.'  The 
formation  of  concretions  in  the  intestines. 

ENTEROLITHUS,  Calculi  of  the  stomach  ami 
intestines  —  e.  Bezoardus,  Bezoar  —  e.  Scybalum, 
Scybala. 

ENTEROL'OGY,  E>Uerolnr,"{n,  from  tvrtpov, 
'intestine,'  and  \oyoi,  'a  discourse.'  The  part 
of  anatomy  which  treats  of  the  intestines. 

ENTEliOMALA'CIA,  Enteromcdax'is,  (F.) 
RamoUi'saemejit  de.  I'lntcatin,  from  tvrtpov,  'an  in- 
testine,' and  iiaXaaau),  'I  soften.'  Softening'  of  the 
mucous  or  other  coats  of  the  intestine. 

ENTEROMALAXIS,  Enteromalacia. 

ENTEROMANTIS,  En_gastrimyth. 

ENTERO-MEROCE'LE,  from  tvrtpov,  'injes- 
tino,'  pirjpoi,  'the  thigh,'  and  Krt'Kri,  'tumour.'  Cru- 
ral hernia,  formed  of  intestine. 

ENTERO-MESENTER'IC,  Entem-meHnter'- 
icua,  (F.)  Entero-meacnterique.  Relating  to  the 
intestine  and  mesentery. 

ENTERO-MESENTER'ICA  FEBRIP.  M^'' 
Petit  and  Serres  have  given  this  name  to  the 
typhoid  form  of  adynamic  fever,  in  which  the  in- 
testines are  ulcerated,  with  enlargement  of  the 
corresponding  mesenteric  glands.     See  Typhus. 

ENTERO-MESENTERITE,  Tabes  mesen- 
terica— e.  Mcnenlfrite  typhdide,  see  Typhus. 

ENTEROMOR'PniA  COMPRES'SA.  One 
of  the  algas,  used  by  the  Sandwich  Islanders  as 
an  esculent. 


ENTER OMPHALOCELE 


341 


ENTOPIIYTIC 


EXTKROMPIIALOCELE,  Enteromphalus. 

ES'£KRO\l'PllALl]?i,Eiitero7iip/,<iloce'le,rrom 
tvTciiov,  'intestine,' and  o/i(^«Xof,  'umbilicus.'  Um- 
biiiciii  hernia,  formed  of  intestine. 

EXTEROMYOODORPTIS,  from  tvTcpov,  'in- 
testine,' nvKOf,  'slime,'  Sopa,  'skin,'  and  itia,  de- 
noting infliinimation.  Inflammation  of  the  mucous 
niemhriine  of  the  intestines. 

ENTRRON,  Intestine. 

ENTEROPARAL'YSIS,  Enterople'gm,  Pa- 
fid'yuiH  iiUeslhio'ri(m,  from  ct/Tcpov,  'intestine,' 
zapnUaK,  'paralysis.'    Paralysis  of  the  intestines. 

ENTEROl'ARISAGOGE,  Intussusceptio. 

ENTEKOPATIII'A,  Enterop'athr,.  from  cyrcpov, 
'intestine,'  and  iraSoj,  'disease.'  Disease  of  the 
intestines  in  general. 

Entkropatiii'a  Cancero'sA,  Enteroicir'rhua, 
Eiiterosteuo'aia  wirrho'aa  seu  oigan'ica,  Entero- 
mrco'mSd,  Iiiditrci'lio  seu  Scirrhiia  seu  Cancer  seu 
Ciirciiw'ma  luteatiiio'rum,  (F.)  Cancer  dea  Intea- 
tlna.     Cancer  of  the  intestines. 

KNTEROPERIS'TOLE,  Entero>,ph,yma,  Her- 
n!n  iiicnrcera'tn,  Incarcera'tio  iutestinn' rum,  from 
tfrtpoi',  'intestine,'  and  izcpiaTiWui,  'I  contract.' 
Constriction  or  obstruction  Of  the  intestines,  from 
a  cause  which  acts  either  within  the  abdomen, 
or  without  it,  as  in  strangulated  hernia 

ENTEROPIILOGIA,  Enteritis. 

E\TEROPIILOGOSIS.  Enteritis. 

ENTl<;ROPnTIII'SIS,from  c^rcpov,  'intestine,' 
and  03iff({,  'consumption.'  Consumption  of  the 
bowels.  Consumption  owing  to  suppuration  in 
the  intestines. 

ENTEROPHYMATA,  Tubercula  intestino- 
ruin. 

EN'TEROPLASTY,  En'ternplna'Uce,  from  tv 
TtpuK,  'intestine,'  and  TtXnaaw,  'I  form.'  A  plastic 
operation  fur  the  restoration  of  an  intestine 

ENTKROPLEGIA,  Enteroparalysis. 

ENTEROPYRA.  Enteritis.  Alio,  entero-me- 
scnteric  fever,  Eiiteropyrie. — Alihert. 

ENTERoi>YnA  AsiATicA,  Cholera  —  e.  Biliosa, 
Fever,  bilious. 

ENTERORRHAG"IA,  from  evrcpov,  'intes- 
tine, and  pnyn,  'violent  rupture.'  Hemorrhage, 
or  excessive  discharge,  from  the  bowels. 

Entkuoriuiagia  Shiplkx,  Iliematochezia. 

ENTERORRHA'PHIA,  Entcror'rhapke,  from 
tvnpov,  'intestine,'  and  pa<l,v.  'a  suture.'  Suture 
ot  the  intestines,  for  the  relief  of  injuries  done  to 
Inem. 

ENTERORRIIEU'MA,  BheumahVmu,  Tnteati- 
"on.m,  from  tvrtpov,  'intestine,'  and  ptvpa,  'de- 
Nuxion,  rheumatism.'  Rheumatism  of  the  intes- 
tines. 

EXTERORRIIEXIS,  Enterobrosis. 

EXTEROKRIIfEA,  Diarrhoea,  Melana. 

ENTEROSARCOCE'LE,  from  evrtpov,  'intes- 
ine,  aapl  'flesh,'  and  «,X„,  'a  tumour.'  Intes- 
tinal hernia,  complicated  with  fleshy  excrescence 
or  rather  saroocele. 

EXTEROSARCOMIA,  Enteropathia  cance- 
rosa. 

ENTEROSCIIEOCE'LE,  Enteroachoce'le,  from 
nrtoov,'m  intestine.' o<r;^£nv,  'the  scrotum,' and 
•lA-f,    tumour.'     Scrotal  hernia  consisting  of  in- 

^^^^^TEROSCIRRnUS,    Enteropathia    cance- 

EVTERO'SES,  from  cvrtpov.  'an  intestine.'  A 
riass  of  diseases,  comprehending  all  those  that 
•re  seated  in  the  intestines.— Alibert. 

EN;TRR0.«;PHI(}MA,  Enteroperistole. 

ENTEROSTEXO'SIS,  from  cvrcpo^,  'intestine,' 
»na  ,rTt,u,ffK.  'stricture.'  Stricture  or  constriction 
01  the  intestines.     See  Ecus. 

ENTEnosTENosis  Volvulus,  Ileus  — e.  Or<ra- 
nica.  hnteropathia  cancerosa  — e.  Scirrhosa.  En- 
Wopatbia  cancerosa. 


EXTEROTOJfE,  Enterot'omna,  from  t.vTtpnv, 
'intestine,'  and  rf/ivu,  'I  cut.'  A  name  given  by 
J.  Cloquet  to  an  instrument  for  promptly  opening 
the  intestinal  canal  through  its  whole  e.\tent.  It 
consists  of  a  pair  of  scissors,  one  blade  of  which 
is  much  longer  than  the  other,  and  rounded  at  its 
e-xtremity.     This  is  passed  into  the  intestine-. 

ENTEROTO.M'IA,  Enterot'omy,  same  etymon. 
In  anatomy,  it  signifies  dissection  of  the  intes- 
tines. In  aurr/ery,  it  means  an  operation,  little 
used,  which  consists  in  opening  the  intestines,  in 
order  to  evacuate  the  fsecal  matters  accumulated 
in  it;  for  example,  in  cert.ain  cases  of  hernia,  ac- 
companied with  contraction  of  the  intestinal 
canal;  in  operations  for  an  artificial  anus,  per- 
formed on  the  new-born,  where  the  rectum  is 
imjierforate  or  not  existing,  <tc. 

EXTEROTOMY,  Enterotomia. 

EXTEROTYPHUS,  see  Typhus. 

EXTEROZOA,  Worms. 

ENTERYDROCE'LE,  Enterohydroce'Ie,  from 
tvTipov,  '  intestine,'  'vSup,  '  water,'  and  k^iX,,,  '  rup- 
ture.'    Intestinal  hernia  with  hydrocele 

ExXTHELMINTHES,  Worms. 

EXTHEOMAXIA,  Demonomania. 

EXTHLA'SrS,  Explda'aia,  IllU'io,  from  tv,  '  in.' 
and  3Aaa),  'I  break.'  A  fracture  of  the  cranium, 
with  comminution,  in  which  the  bone  is  depressed 
or  has  lost  its  level.  ' 

Entiilasis  Cranii,  Efl'ractura  Cranii 

ENTITE,  Entity. 

EX'TITY,  En'titaa.  (F.)  Ent!t^,.  from  ena.entia, 
a  being.'  The  being  or  essence  of  anything. 
It  has  been  used  somewhat  vaguely,  in  modern 
French  medicine  more  especially,  to  signify  ap- 
parently a  general  or  essential  disease,  the  nature 
and  seat  of  which  cannot  be  determined  — 
Nvsten. 

EXTOCELE,  Ectopia. 

Entoce'le  Lentis.  Dislocation  of  the  crys- 
talline into  the  anterior  chamber  of  the  eye 

EXTOGOXYAX'COX,  Genu  varum,  C'.lf'knee, 
X  leg,  from  evTog,  '  within,' yoi'u,  '  the  knee,' and 
ny-cuv,  'a  bend.'  Bending  of  the  knees  inwards. 
The  state  of  being  knock-hieed,  or  in-knecd 
(Prov.)  Knap-kneed,  (Sc.)  Nule-kneed. 

EXTOHYALOID  MUSC^,  see  Metamor- 
phopsia. 

EXTOXIA,  Tension,  Tonic  spasm. 
EXTOXIC,  Enton'icua,  from   tv,  denoting'  ex- 
cess, and  Tovoi,  '  tone.'     Having  great  tension  or 
exaggerated  action. 

EXTONNOIIi,  Calix,  Infundibulum  -  e.  d,^ 
Ventricule  Moyen  du  Cerveau,  Infundibulum  of 
the  bra'n. 

EXTOPARASITES,  Worms. 
EXTOPHTHAL'MIA,  from  tvroj,  'within,' and 
oipOaXpta,  'inflammation  of  the  eye.'    Ophthalmia 
aff'eeting  the  interior  of  the  eye. 

EX'TOPHYTE.  Entoph'ymn,  (ph  Enfoph'yta,) 
from  cvToi,  'within,'  and  (pvruv,  'a  vegetable.'  A 
vegetable  parasite,  and  especially  one  growing  in 
the  interior  of  the  body.  The  following  are^the 
chief  entophytes : — 

^'.'7''  •; of  the  moutb. 

Aihorinn  Scfion/cinn....  in  Porrigo  favosa. 

Achorion  Leberlii in  Porrigo  scutulata 

Jficrnsporon  Auduuini .  in  Porrigo  deealvans 

Mycodcrm of  Plica  Polonica, 

of  Mentagra. 

of  ."Mnguet. 

ofulcera  ted  and  mucous 

_       .  surfaces. 

.Viroim  venfrtcuH of  the  stomach. 

Jorula  «  „ 

EXTOPHYT'IC,  Entophyficue,  same  etymon. 
Of  or  belonging  ta  an  entophyte,-as  '  an  onto- 
phytic  growth.' 


ENTOPTERYGOID 


342 


J^rERVlP.RE 


ENTOPTERYGOID,  see  Pterygoid. 

ENTOP'TIC,  Entop'iiciin,  from  tvTOf,  'within,' 
and  oi^if,  'vi.^ion.'  Relating  or  appertaing  to  tlic 
vision  of  objects  within  the  organ  of  sight,  —  as 
of  the  bloodvessels  of  the  retina. 

E.VTO/iSE.  Sprain. 

ENTOSTHETIIIDIA,  Entrails. 

ENTOSTHIA,  Entrails. 

ENTOSTOSIS,  Enostosis. 

EXTOTORRIKEA.  Otirrhoea. 

ENTOTOZ.ENA,  Ozscna. 

ENTOXICLSMUS.  Poisoning. 

ENTOXISMUS,  Poisoning. 

ENTOZOA,  (sing.  Eiitozoon,)  Worms. 

ENTOZOAfRES,  Worms. 

ENTOZOARIA,  Worms. 

EXTOZOOGENESIS,  Helminthiasis. 

ENTOZOON  FOLLICULORUM,  Acarus  Fol- 
liculorum. 

ENTRAILLES,  Entrails. 

EN'TRAILS.  Splrnichiia,  Eiiccc'lia,  Vis'cera, 
Entontkid' ill,  Entos'thia,  Eiifosthethld'itt,  Intera'- 
iiea,  from  enteralia,  a  word  of  bad  Latin,  coming 
from  evTipov,  'intestine.'  It  is  used  for  the  vis- 
cera enclosed  in  the  splanchnic  cavities,  and  es- 
pecially for  those  in  the  abdomen  ;  Baweh,  GiiIk, 
(F.)  Eiiti-'iil/es,  Visceres.  E.ita  has  had  this 
latter  signification,  but  it  was  most  frequently 
used  by  the  ancients,  as  by  Pliny,  for  the  thoracic 
viscera. 

ENTREFESSON,  Chafing. 

ENTRICHO'MA,  from  tv,  'in,'  and  rpix'^txa, 
{^(iti,  rpiYos,)  'hair.'  The  tarsal  cartilage,  and 
the  edge  of  the  eyelids,  in  which  the  cilia  are 
implanted. 

ENTROP'ION,  Eiitrop'iiim,  from  ev,  'in,'  and 
Tpfiru),  '  I  turn.'  Iiiver'xio  jxilpebfa'rum,  CnplUit"- 
ium,  Tn'rhi'asis,  Intronuscep'tin  seu  Blepharopto'- 
818  entropiiim,  Blephnrelo'sis,  Tri'chin,  Tn'eho'sis. 
A  name  given  to  the  inversion  or  turning  inwards 
of  the  eyelids,  so  that  the  eyo-lashes  are  directed 
towards  the  globe  of  the  eye  ;  irritate  and  in- 
flame it,  and  give  rise  to  the  atiection  called 
Tn'chi'asis. 

The  contact  of  the  hair  with  the  surface  of  the 
eye  occasions  considerable  irritation  of  the  con- 
junctiva, which  is  soon  followed  by  chemosis, 
ulceration  of  the  eye,  and  other  symptoms,  such 
as  fever,  watchfulness,  Ac. 

If  the  disease  be  entropion,  as  above  defined, 
that  is,  dependent  u))on  the  inversion  of  the  eye- 
lids, it  must  be  remedied,  —  either  by  dispersing 
the  oedema  or  swelling  of  the  eyelids,  or  by  cut- 
ting out  a  portion  of  the  skin.  When  the  disease 
is  dependent  on  a  vicious  direction  of  the  cilia, 
they  must  be  plucked  out  and  the  bulbs  be  cau- 
terized. 

ENTROPIIIM,  Entropion. 

ENTYPO.SIS,  see  Glene. 

ENUCLEA'TIOX,  Eiuiden'tio,  from  cnnclenre, 
ennclentnm,  (e,  and  nucfeiin,)  '  to  take  out  a  ker- 
nel.' This  term  has  been  proposed  for  the  opera- 
tion of  removing  tumours,  Ac,  without  cutting 
into  thein. — Percy. 

The  word  is  used  in  Pharmacy  for  the  opera- 
tion of  shelling  or  removing  the  kernels  of  any 
nut. 

ENULA  CAMPANA,  Inula  Helenium. 

ENU'LON,  from  iv, '  in,'  and  ovXov,  'the  gum.' 
The  inner  part  of  the  gums.  The  external  part 
was  called  ovXov,  and  that  between  the  teeth  apuoj. 
—Pollux. 

EXURE'SIS,  from  evovpi(a,  (tv,  and  ovpcti),)  'I 
void  the  urine  in  bed.'  Paru'Hn  incon'tinem, 
Jiicontiiien'tia  iiri'iKp,  E.ccre'tio  Urinm  invohtn- 
tn'ria  seu  itwpportn'nri,  3lic'tio  invohmhi' i  in, 
Urricrn'tia,  Urorrhtie'a,  Perirrhne'a,  Sti-aiii/ii'ti'a, 
(■Galen,)  Aiiinchu'ria,  Hypcrnre'Hin,  Diam'ves, 
Invvluntary  discharge  of  urine,  Ineoixtinence  of 


urine.  This  affection  is  most  common  in  ndvnncod 
life.  It  may  depend  on  too  great  irritability  of 
the  bladder,  or  on  distension,  or  injury  of  tlia 
fibres  about  its  neck,  paralysis  of  the  ori'nn 
Ct/ito-ptirn/if'siii,  Cytto-ple'gia,  the  presence  of 
an  irregularly  shaped  calculus  impacted  in  the 
urethra  near  its  commencement;  rupture  of  the 
bladder  and  urethra,;  renal  disease;  or  on  pres. 
sure  exerted  on  the  bladder  by  the  di^■Ien(ll'll 
womb  or  by  a  tumour.  It  often  occurs  after  (liC- 
ficult  labour,  but  generally  yields,  in  the  coiirfe 
of  a  week  or  ten  days ;  the  catheter  being  intro- 
duced twice  a  day  in  the  mean  time. 

The  treatment  must  of  course  vary  according 
to  the  cause  ;  and  when  the  atfection  on  whicli  it 
is  dependent  cannot  be  removed,  the  discharge 
of  urine  may  be  prevented  by  exerting  a  dfgree 
of  compression  on  the  urethra,  by  nieims  of  np. 
propriate  instruments  ;  or  a  urinal  may  be  em- 
ployed to  receive  the  urine  as  it  passes  off. 

EjVVfE,  Hangnail,  Malacia,  Naevus  — c.  rfe 
Voniir,  Nausea. 

ENYPNIOX,  Somniura. 

ENYSTRON,  Abomasus. 

ENZOOTIA,  Enzooty. 

ENZOOTY,  Eiiznoi'ia,  (F.)  Enzootif,  from  n, 
'  in,'  and  ^ujnv,  '  animal.'  An  endemic  disciisc  at- 
tacking animals. 

EP,  EPII,  EPT,  £T,  e<p,  em,  'upon,  above;'  in 
composition,  generally  means,  'auginentiitiim, 
addition,  increase,  reciprocal  action,  repctitiuii.' 
Hence  r 

EPACMAS'TICOS,  from  tm,  and  a«/«ifu),  'I 
increase.'  An  epithet  applied  to  fevers,  Fchren 
epacniiis'ticcB,  whose  symptoms  go  on  augmenting 
in  violence,  from  the  commencement  to  the  ter- 
mination. Such  fevers  are,  also,  called  Epuna- 
didoii'tea, 

EPAGOGTUM,  Phimosis,  Prepuce. 

EPANADIPLOSIR,  Anadiplosis. 

EPANALEPSIS,  Anadiplosis. 

EPANAS'TASIS,  from  i-naviarriiu,  'to  cnufe 
to  rise  up.'  Pustule.  The  formation  of  a  tumour. 
The  breaking  out  of  an  eruption — Erup'tio  exan- 
the'niatia.     A  pustule. 

EPANASTEMA,  Exanthem,  swelling. 

EPANCHEMENT,  Effusion 

EPANESIS,  Remission. 

EPANETUS.  Remittent  — e.  Hectiea,  Hectic 
fever — e.  Malignus  flavus.  Fever,  yellow  — e. 
Mitis,  Remittent  fever. 

EPANORTHOSIS,  Restauratio. 

EPANTHEMA,  Exanthem. 

EPANTHISMA,  Exanthem. 

EPAPHiE'RESIS.  from  iTra^aipfu,  (tin.  c™! 
and  aipEui,  'I  take,'  'I  take  away.'  Jiepeti'ia 
Kuhla'iio  seu  evucna'tio.  A  repeated  ahstraotwn 
or  evacuation.  It  was  formerly  used  synony- 
mously with  repeated  bioodlettiny ;  Phlehvtom'ia 
itern'ta. — Galen. 

EPAPHRISMOS,  Despumation. 

EPARMA,  Tumour. 

EPARSIS,  Tumour. 

EPAULE,  Humerus. 

EPENCRANIS.  Cerebellum. 

EPENDYMA,  Membrane. 

Epen'dyma  VKNTiucuLo'iUT>f,  En'di/mn  seu 
Indumen'tnm  vcntricnlo'rum,  from  mi,  and  iwva, 
(tv,  and  iuu),)  '  I  enter  ;'  hence,  citcvlsvua, '  an  upper 
garment  or  cloak.'  The  lining  membrane  of  the 
ventricles  of  the  brain,  formed  by  a  prnlongation 
of  the  pia  mater,  and  probably  also  of  the  arach- 
noid. 

EPERON,  Hippocampus  minor— ^.  d^  ^'" 
tdreo.  Spur. 

EPER  VIER,  Accipiter. 

EPERVIERE  BES  MURAILLES,  Hiera- 
cium  murorum. 


EPIIEB^EON 


34  3 


EPICRANIUM 


EPIIEBiE'ON,  Ephebee'um,  from  tn,  and  'vl^l, 
'  pubcs.'  The  parts  of  generation  :  also,  the  re- 
gion of  the  pubes,  as  well  as  the  hair  upon  the 
pubes.  It  meant,  likewise,  a  part  of  the  ancient 
gymnasium  in  which  the  rhetoricians,  philoso- 
phers, Ac.  disputed. 

KlMIKnEUiM,  Mons  veneris. 
EPHK'BIA,  Ejihebi'a,  Fubertua.     Same    ety- 
mon.    The  ago  of  puberty. 
EPHEBOSYNE,  Puberty. 
EP11EI30TES,  Puberty. 

EPHE'BUS,  Fnbciis,  Puber,  (F.)  Publre, 
Ejihlibc.  One  who  has  attained  the  age  of  pu- 
berty. 

EPHEDRANA,  Nates. 

EPIIEL'CIS,  from  c-m,  and  'c^lcof,  'an  ulcer.' 
The  crust  or  scab  of  an  ulcer. 

KPIfKIJDE  SOORBUriQUE,  Chloasma. 
EPHl'I'IilDES,  from  c-m,  and  'lAio?,  'the  sun.' 
E/iichro'^ix,  Jfric'idn  sola'rin,  M(tc' nlcB  fiixccB  seu 
leiiticulit'res,  Vltili'j" inen,  Plinci,  Paniius  lenticii- 
In'riH,  Leutic'ula,  Lpiiti'gn,  Epheh's  Lenti'r/o  seu 
Lculic'ida  seu  d  Hole,  Nigre'cio  d  no/e  Splh/'sin 
c/ilielis,  jEHtn'teH,  Effila,  Freckles,  Smitiitrn, 
(Prov.)  Fernitickles,  Fniific/ilen,  Fanitirklcii, 
FerufrcddcH,  F<tnfeckles,  Fonipec/clnn,  Freckfnn, 
Mnrjlen,  (F.)  Tnches  de  rouHHeur,  Hale.  This 
terra  includes  not  only  the  yellow  leiilu/iiies,  which 
appear  on  persons  of  a.  fair  .skin,  and  the  larger 
brown  patches,  which  also  arise  from  exposure 
to  the  direct  rays  of  the  sun,  but  also  those  large 
dusky  patches  which  are  very  similar  in  appear- 
ance, but  occur  on  other  parts  of  the  surface, 
that  are  constantly  covered.  See  Chloasma. 
They  do  not  extend  farther  than  the  skin.  Many 
cosmetics  have  been  recommended  for  their  re- 
moval. Simple  spirituous  lotions  or  weak  mine- 
rid  acids,  applied  a  few  times  in  the  day,  are  as 
effectual  ns  any  other  means. 

One,  afTceted  with  freckles,  is  said  to  he /redded, 
(So.)  Fainitidded,  Fernitlcklcd,  (Prov.)  Farn'- 
tichled,  Fitii'tidiled,  Fenif red-led,  Forupeckled, 
Frfdcened,  Murfled,  (F.)   Taehete  de  Rouasenrs. 

EPHELIS,  see  Ephelides  —  e.  Lentigo,  Ephe- 
lides— <•.  ,1  Sde,  Ephelides. 
EPIIELOTES,  Leucoma. 

EPllEM'ERA,  Dia'ria,  from  uri,  and  'tjiJitpn, 
'a  day.'  That  which  continues  a  day.  This 
epithet  is  given  to  diseases,  and  particularly  to 
fevers,  which  last  only  a  day. — Fvbris  din'ria  seu 
simplex  seu  Ephe'meni,  Ephemerop'yrn,  Febric'u- 
In,  Ephem'ernl,  Di'nry  or  Simple  Fever,  (F.) 
FO'iire  fplieiitire.  The  term  prolonged  ephem'ern 
is  sometimes  used  for  fevers,  which  cease  after 
two  or  three  days'  duration. 

Epiikmera  Angmca  Pkstii.ens,  Sudor  angli- 
cus — e.  Hritannica,  Sudor  Anglicus — e.  Maligna, 
Sudor  Anglicus — e.  Mortifera,   Plague — e.  Pesti- 
lentialis,  Plasue — e.  Sudatoria,  Sudor  Anglicus. 
EPHEMEROPYRA,  Ephemera. 
EPIIEMERUS.  Quotidian. 
EPIIIALTES  IIYPOCIIOXDRIACA, Incubus 
viKihintium — e.  Noeturnus,  Incubus — e.  Vigilan- 
tiuin,  Tnciibus  vigilantium. 

EPHIDRO'SES,  (G.)  Ephidrosen.  A  divi- 
sion of  the  family  Ekzeraatosen,  of  Fuchs, 
coniprisinsr  morbid  varieties  of  sweating. 

EPIIIDRO'SIS,  from  cm,  and  'ilipoio,  '  I  sweat.' 
Hidru'^in,  Idro'sit,  Siida'tio,  Sweating.  Of  old, 
It  meant,  at  times,  a  slight  sweating,  sndatinn'cu- 
1(1,  of  no  value,  and  of  bad  augury  ;  at  others,  a 
pood  and  critical  sweat.  It  has  likewise  been 
used  fi)r  a  copious  sweat. 

Epitinuosis  Phofit'sa,  E.  xpnntn'nea  seu  idio- 
pilh'ica,  Hi/drnprtlr'siii,  ExRuda'tin,  E.riidn'tio, 
Hiiftrreph idro'nin,  Hi/perhi/dro'/tin,  Hi/drorrhop'a, 
niiliiipfde'aia,  (F.)  FliiJ-  de  Sueur,  An  excessive 
•weatiug.    A  colliquative  sweat     Such  copious 


perspirations  are  generally  owing  to  debility  of 
the  exhalants,  and  require  the  use  of  tonics, 
especially  of  the  mineral  acids,  opium,  &c. 

Ephidrosis,  Desudatio  —  e.  Cruenta,  Sudor 
cruentus — e.  Saccharata,  Sudor  dulcis. 

EPHIPPIUM,  Sella  Turcica. 
EPH'ODOS,  from  en,  and  'oiog,  'a  way,'  'a 
road  or  avenue  to  a  place.'  Hippocrates  uses 
this  word  in  three  senses :  1.  For  the  vessels  or 
canals,  which  give  passage  to  the  excrements  of 
the  body.  2.  For  a  periodical  attack  or  accession 
of  fever;  and  3.  For  the  approach  of  similar  or 
dissimilar  things  which  may  be  useful  or  hurtful 
to  the  body.— Castelli. 

EPH'RATA  SPRINGS.  These  are  in  Lan- 
caster County,  Pennsylvania.  The  water  is  pure: 
and  facilities  are  afforded  for  bathing — warm  and 
cold. 

EPT,  Spica. 

EPl'ALOS,  Hepi'alos,  Qner'cera,  Quer'qnera. 
A  name  given  by  the  ancients  to  fever,  when  the 
hot  stage  was  mingled  with  irregular  chills.  Also, 
the  cold  stage  of  fever. 

EPIALTES,  Incubus. 

EPIAMA,  Lenitive. 

EPIAN,  Framboesia. 

EPIBLEMA,  Catablema. 

EPTBOLE,  Incubus. 

EPICANTHIS,  Canthus. 

Epican'this,  from  £n-(,  and  Kavdog,  'the  angle 
of  the  eye.'  A  defective  formation,  in  which  a 
fold  of  skin  passes  from  the  root  of  the  nose  over 
the  inner  canthus  of  the  eye. 

EPICAR'PIUM,  Perieur'pium,  from  itti,  and 
Kap-og,  '  the  wrist.'  An  application  made  to  the 
wrists,  or  to  the  region  of  the  pulse,  was  so  called. 

EPICAUMA,  Encauma. 

EPICAUSIS,  Encauma. 

EPICERASTICA,  Emollients. 

EPICHOLOS,  Bilious. 

EPICIIORDIS,  Mesentery. 

EPICHORION,  Decidua. 

EPICHORIUM,  Epidermis. 

EPICHRISIS,  Inunctio. 

EPICHRO'SIS,  Spilo'sis,  from  en,  and  xp<j>na, 
'colour.'  Simple  discoloration  of  the  surface. — 
Good.     Ephelides. 

Epichrosis  Spilt,  see  Naevus. 

EPICHYSIS,  AflTusion. 

EPICCELIDES,  Cilia,  Palpebra  (superior.) 

EPICCE'MASIS,  from  i.TiKoi,ino,xat,  (tn,  and 
Koinaofxai,  'to  lie  down  to  rest,'  'to  sleep.')  De- 
cu'hitui  ad  dormien'dnm  et  Dormit"io.  The  po- 
sition of  sleeping,  as  well  as  sleeping  itself. 

EPICOL'IC,  from  cm,  and  kwAoi/,  '  the  colon.' 
The  epicolic  regions,  regio'nes  epicol'iccB,  are 
those  parts  of  the  abdomen  which  correspond  to 
the  colon. 

EPICOLLESTS,  Agglutination. 

EPICON'DYLE,  Epicon'dylus,  from  tm,  and 
KovbvXoi,  'a  condyle.'  A  name  given,  by  Chans- 
sier,  to  an  eminence  at  the  outer  part  of  the  infe- 
rior extremity  of  the  os  humeri;  so  called,  be- 
cause it  is  seated  above  the  condyle.  The  epi- 
condyle  gives  attachment  to  the  outer  lateral 
ligament  of  the  elbow  joint,  and  to  a  very  strong 
tendon  to  which  several  of  the  muscles  of  tho 
posterior  part  of  the  forearm  are  attached. 

EPICONDYLO-CUBITALIS,  see  Anconeus  — 
e.  Radial,  Supinator  radii  brevis  —  e.  Sus-meta- 
carpien,  see  Radialis  —  e.  Siis-phalangettien  com- 
miin,  Extensor  digitorum  communis — e.  Suii-],hn- 
laugettien  dn petit  doigt,  Extensor  proprius  minimi 
digiti. 

EPICOPHO'SIS,  fromeiri,  and  (fa>0w(n?,  '  deaf- 
ness.'    Deafness  supervening  on  another  disease. 

EPICRA'NIUM,  from  em,  and  Kpaviov.  'the 
cranium.'  A  name  given  to  different  parts  seated 
on  the  cranium.     The  skin,  aponeurosis  between 


EPICRANIUS 


344 


EPIGASTRIC 


the  occipital  and  frontal  muscles,  and  the  whole  j 
of  the  scalp,  have  been   so   called.     Portal  in- 
clude?   under   this    name    the    occipito-frontalis 
muscle,  pyramidalis  nasi,  and  superior  and  ante- 
rior aurir'ular  muscles.     The  pericranium. 
EPICRANIUS,  Occipito-frontalis. 
EPIUKA'SIS,  Contempera'tlo,  from  emKtpavvv- 
lit,  (£771,  and  KepavvviJii,  '  I  mix,')   '  I  temper.'     A 
u-rm  used  by  the  humourists  for  an  amelioration 
of  the  humours.     They  called   Cure  by  Epicrasis 
—per  epicrasin,  a  mode  of  treatment  by  imagined 
iiheratives,  which  they  supposed  to  be  possessed 
of  the  power  of  gradually  correcting  the  vitiated 
humours. 

EPICROUSIS,  Percussion. 
EPICTENIUM,  Pubes. 
EPICTETI  MORBI,  Acquired  diseases. 
EPICYEMA,  Superf(Btation. 
EPICYESIS,  Superfoetation. 
EPICYSTOTOMIA,  see  Lithotomy. 
EPIDEISIS,  Deligation. 

EPIDEM'IC,  Epide'miiis,  Epidem'icus,  (F.) 
Epidemique.  Same  etymon  as  Epidemy.  Ap- 
pertaining to  an  epidemy.     An  epidemy. 

Ei'iDKMic  Constitution,  Epidemy — e.  Disease, 
Epidemy — e.  Influence,  Epidemy. 
EriDEMlGlTE,  see  Epidemy. 
EPIDEMICUS,  Epidemy. 

E  P I  D  E  M  1 0  G'  RAPHY,  Epidemiograph'ia, 
from  cm,  'upon,' ^v/'Of-  'the  people,'  and  ypa(Pv, 
'  a  description.'  A  history  or  description  of 
epidemics. 

EPIDEMIC L'OGY,  Epidemiolog"ia,  from 
epidemy,  and    Xoyo;,  '  a   description.'     The  doc- 
trine of  epidemics. 
EPIDEMIQUE,  Epidemy. 
EPIDEMIUS,  Epidemy. 

EP'IDEMY,  Epidem'ic,  Epide'min,  Morlns 
puh'liena  seu  popiila'ria  seu  epidem'icita  seu  epi- 
dc' mills,  Epidem'ic  disease,  E.  iiijiueuce,  E.  con- 
stitution ;  from  etti,  and  6rtnoi,  'the  people.'  (F.) 
Epidemie.  A  disease  which  attacks  at  the  same 
time  a  number  of  individuals,  and  which  is  re- 
ferred to  some  particular  constilutio  aeris,  or 
condition  of  the  atmosphere,  with  which  we  are 
utterly  ignorant.  It  differs  from  endemic,  the 
hitter  being  owing  to  locality  ;  but  it  is  obvious, 
that  should  a  particular  epidemic  consitution  of 
the  air  —  epidemic"ily,  (F.)  epidemicite  —  exist 
along  with  a  favouring  endemic  condition,  these 
combined  influences  may  act  in  the  causation  of 
several  of  those  serious  and  fatal  complaints, 
which  at  times  visit  a  district,  and  are  never 
afterwards  met  with,  or  at  least  not  until  after 
:he  lapse  of  a  considerable  period. 

EPIDENDRUM  VANILLA,  see  Vanilla. 
EPID'ERIS,   Epider'rhis,    Epider'rhion,   Hy- 
jyod'cris,    Hypoder'mis,    Hypoder'rhis,  from   tiri, 
and  ieiiai,  '  a  skin.'    This  word,  with  some,  means 
the    nymphse ;    with    others,   the    clitoris;    with 
others,  again,  the  prepuce  of  the  clitoris. 
EPIDERMA.  Epidermis. 
EPTDERMATIS,  Epidermis. 
EPTDER'MIC,  Epiderm'icus,  Epiderm'al,  Epi- 
derma'lis,    (F.)  i^pidermique :    same   etymon   as 
epidermis.     Belonging  to  the  epidermis, — as 
EPIDERMIC  CELLS,  see  Cell,  epidermic. 
EPIDERMIDON'OSI,  Epidermidonu'si,  from 
c-iospfiii,  '  epidermis,'  and  voaoj,  '  disease.'     Dis- 
eases of  the  epidermis. 

EPIDERMION,  Epidermis. 
EPIDER'MIS,  Epider'mion,  Epider'matis, 
Epider'ma,  Epicho'rium,  Snm'mitas  cutis,  Cutic' - 
Ilia,  G.  ex'tima  seu  extre'ma,  Cutis  extima  seu 
gumma  seu  ultima,  Pellis  summn,  FelUc'ula  sum- 
ma  seu  siipe'rior,  Lam'ina  ])rimn  cutis,  Oper'cu- 
luw  cutis,  from  tin,  '  upon,'  and  itpua,  '  the  true 


skin.'  Scarf-skin,  Cuticle.  (F.)  Surpcau,  Cnlirule. 
A  transparent,  dry,  thin  membrane,  devoid  of 
nerves  and  vessels,  which  covers  all  the  surface 
of  the  body,  except  the  parts  that  eorrespnnd  to 
the  nails.  It  api)ears  to  consist  of  minute  scales, 
placed  one  above  the  other.  Chaussier  considurs 
it  to  be  formed  and  reproducoil  by  an  excretory 
action  of  the  true  skin  ;  to  act  like  a  dry  varnish, 
which  prevents  the  immediate  contact  of  bodies 
with  the  nervous  papillae,  and  consociueiitly  to 
deaden  tactile  impressions,  which,  witliout  its  in- 
tervention, might  be  painful.  The  E/tider'wic, 
Epider'meous,  or  Epider'moid  (as  l!i(^liat  called 
it)  System,  in  general  anatomy,  comprises  three 
parts.  1.  External  Epidermis.  2.  I'Jpi.lerinis 
spread  over  the  mucous  inenibranes.  3.  The 
Nails  and  Hair. 

Epipkumis  LiNGiT^E,  sce  Tongue. 
EPIDERMOID,   Epidermo'i'des,  from  epidcr- 
mis,  and  ciio;,  '  resemblance.'         lleserabling  the 
epidermis. 

EPIDERRinON,  Epideris. 
EPIDERRHIS.  Epideris. 
EPIDERRHITIS,  Nymphitis. 
EPIDESIS,  see  Bandage — e.  Hemostasia,  Li- 
gature. 

EPIDESMIS,  Epidesmus. 
EPIDESMUM,  Epidesmus. 
EVlT>ES'M.\JS,Epides' mis, Epides'mum, Super- 
liga'men,  from   etrt,  and  ieta,  '  I  bind.'     A  fascia, 
bandage  or  ligature,  by  which  dressings  are  se- 
cured.— Hippocrates. 

EPIDID'YMIS,  from  tin,  '  upon,' and  i^ifo/wj, 
'  a  testicle.'  Epidid'ymus,  Did'ymis.  Parm'tala, 
TcHtic'ulus  accesso'rius,  Caput  testis.  Corpus  vnri- 
co'snm  seu  variclfor'me  testis,  Siiperip'iiiinu'lis, 
(F.)  Corpus  variqueux  OU  varici/oniie.  That  which 
is  placed  upon  the  testicle.  A  small,  oblong,  ver- 
miform, grayish  body,  lying  along  the  superior 
margin  of  the  testicle.  The  Epididymis  is  a 
canal  formed  by  the  union  of  all  the  seminiferous 
vessels  folded  several  times  upon  themselves, 
after  having  traversed  the  Corpus  Hli/hoii>ri<i'- 
num.  Its  lower  portion  or  tail,  Cinidii  seu  ijhhia 
seu  caput  minor,  is  curved  upwards,  and  is  con- 
tinuous with  the  vas  deferens  ;  the  opposite  ex- 
tremity is  called  the  \\e&A,<jlohus  seu  cfipiit  mnjnr. 
The  length  of  this  canal,  folded  as  it  is  upon  it- 
self and  describing  numerous  curvatures,  is,  ac- 
cording to  Munro,  ?,2  feet. 

EPIDIDYMITIS,  Parastatitis  — e.  Blennor- 
rhagie.  Hernia  humoralis. 

EPID'OSIS,  from  tjri,  'upon,' and  luhajii,  |to 
give.'  Augmentation,  increase.  A  word  applied 
to  the  natural  increase  of  the  body,  or  to  the  in- 
crease of  a  disease. 

EPID'ROME,  Epidrnm'ia,  Epiph'orn,  from 
£jrt(5pc;/(i»,  (tri,  and  ipcfiui,  'I  run,')' I  run  upon.' 
An  afflux  or  congestion  of  humours. — Galen. 
EPIDROMIA,  Epidrome. 
EPIFAGUS  AMERICANUS,  OrobancheVir- 
giniana — e.  Virginianus,  Orobanehe  Virgininnd. 
EPIG^'A  (properly  EPKJE'A)  REPENS, 
(tTTi,  'upon,'  and  yn,  'the  earth,'  from  it?  traihng 
growth.  )  TraiUncj  Ar'butiis,  Ground  Luiirtl, 
Mayflower,  called,  by  the  Shakers,  Gniielplnnl. 
A  small,  trailing  plant,  of  the  Family  ErieiiceiB, 
which  grows  in  sandy  woods,  or  in  rocky  soil, 
especially  in  the  sh.ade  of  pines.  Its  flf>wers 
appear  in  early  spring,  and  exhale  a  rich,  spicy 
fragrance.  The  leaves  and  stems  are  prepared 
and  used  like  uva  ursi.  , 

EPIGASTRAL'GIA,  from  epigastrium,  and 
a\yoi.  'pain.'     Pain  at  the  epigastriuni. 

EPIGAS'TRIC,  Epigos'tricuH,  Epiijoii'truit, 
fromtTTj,  'upon,'  and  yaorrjp,  '  the  stomach.'  This 
name  has  been  given  to  several  parts. 

Epigastric  Ah'tery,  Arte'ria  epignu  trtta, 
Artere  sus-pubieuiu,   (Ch.)     It  arises  from  the 


EPIQASTRICUS 


345 


EPILEPSY 


ertnniol  iliac,  on  a  level  with  the  crural  arch  ; 
fdinetinica  by  a  trunk  proper  to  it,  at  others  by 
one  common  to  it  nnd  the  Ohturolur  artery.  It 
a.«cen<]s  upwards  and  inwards,  behind  the  sper- 
matic cord,  foUows  the  outer  edge  of  the  rectus 
abdominis  muscle,  and  anastomoses,  towards  the 
umbilicus,  with  the  internal  mammary.  The 
epigastric  artery  anastomoses,  also,  with  the  ob- 
turator, spermatic,  lumbar,  and  intercostal  ves- 
sels. 

Epigastric  Region,  Regio  epigns'trica  seu  cor- 
di'acfi  seu  gtomach'ica  seu  stomncha'lis,  is  the 
Fuperior  region  of  the  abdomen,  comprised  be- 
tween the  false  ribs  on  each  side,  and  extending 
from  the  lower  surface  of  the  diaphragm  to  two 
fingers'  breadth  above  the  umbilicus.  It  is 
divided  into  three  parts,  one  middle,  the  epigae'- 
Iriiini, — and  two  lateral,  the  hypochon'dria. 

Epigastiuc  Vkin  follows  nearly  the  same  course 
us  the  artery. 

EPIG.^STRICUS,  Epigastric. 

EPIGAS'TRIUM.  Same  etymon.  The  belly; 
the  epigastric  region. 

EPIUASTRICUS,  Epigastric. 

EPIGASTROCE'LE,  from  twi,  yaarrip,  'the  sto- 
mach,' and  KiiXri,  'a  tumour.'  Hernia,  formed  by 
the  stomach  ;  Gas'tmce'le.  This  name  has  been 
given  more  especially  to  hernia,  which  occurs  to- 
wards the  upper  part  of  the  linea  alba  or  in  the 
epigastric  region,  whether  formed  or  not  by  the 
stomach. 

EPIGEA,  Epigaea. 

EPIGENEMA,  Epigenesis. 

EPIGEN'ESIS,  from  tm,  and  ycveats,  'genera- 
tion.' A  theory  of  conception,  according  to  which 
the  new  being  is  created  entirely  anew  ;  and  re- 
ceives at  once  from  each  parent  the  materials 
necessary  for  its  formation.  Also,  a  new  forma- 
tion. 

Epigenesis,  as  well  as  Epigene'ma,  or  Epigen- 
ne'mn,  is,  also,  applied  to  any  symptom  occurring 
during  a  disease,  without  changing  its  nature. 
An  accessory  symptom.  Epigiiiom'enos,  Siiper- 
ve'iiifim.  has  a  similar  acceptation. 

EPIGINOMENOS,  see  Epigenesis. 

EPIGLOT'TIC,  Epii/lot'ticit8 :  same  etymon 
as  Epiglottis.     Relating  to  the  epiglottis. 

Epiglottic  Gla.vd,  Perlglot'tia,  Citro  glandn- 

'—      A  collection  of  small,  glandular  granula, 


h 


situate  in  the  adipose,  areolar  texture  at  the 
base  of  the  anterior  surface  of  the  epiglottis,  in  a 
triangular  space,  bounded  anteriorly  by  the  thy- 
ro-hyoid  membrane  and  thyroid  cartilage.  It 
pours  out  an  unctuous  and  mucous  fluid,  which 
lubricates  the  epiglottis,  keeps  it  supple  and 
movable,  and  prevents  the  larynx  from  being 
irritated  by  the  constant  passage  of  the  air,  in 
the  act  of  respiration. 

EPIGLOT'TIS,  from  tm,  and  yXurrij,  'the glot- 
tis.' Epiglol'tic  cartilage,  Lig'ula,  Operculum 
Imjn'gin,  Liiif/iia  Ex'igiia,  Li)i'gidu  fm'inlcB,  Siib- 
Ini'f/Hiim,  Siiperlig'ida.  A  tibro-eartilage,  situate 
at  the  upper  part  of  the  larynx,  behind  the  base 
of  the  tongue.  Its  form  is  oval  ;  texture  elastic; 
thicknes*  greater  below  than  above,  and  greater 
in  the  middle  than  at  the  sides.  By  its  smaller 
extremity,  which  is  the  lower,  it  is  attached  to 
the  thyroid  cartilage:  its  two  surfaces  are  covered 
by  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  pharynx  and 
larynx.  The  special  use  of  the  epiglottis  would 
seem  to  be  to  cover  the  glottis  accurately  ut  the 
moment  of  deglutition,  and,  (bus,  to  assist  in  op- 
posing the  passage  of  alimentary  substances  into 
the  air  tul>es.  I 

EPKiLOTTI'TIS,  Injlamma'tio  Epiglot'tidis,  \ 
Aiii/i'na  epiglottide'a,  (F.)  fiiflomniation  de  I'Epi.  i 
gliiite.     Iiirtammation  of  the  epiglottis. 

EPIGLOT'TUAL    An  instrument,  mentioned 


by  Paracelsus,  for  raising  the  eyelids.     It  resem- 
bled the  epiglottis  in  shape. 

EPIGLOU'TIS,  from  £7ri,and  yXovru;,  '  the  but- 
tocks.' The  superior  region  of  the  nates. — 
Gorra'us. 

EPIGNA'THUS,  from  cri,  'upon,'  and  ■  "oSof, 
'the  jaw.'  A  double  monster,  in  which  an  incom- 
plete foetus  is  rooted,  with  its  blood  vessels  in  the 
palate  of  one  more  complete. 

EPIG'ONE,  Gone,  Jlypnph'yuig,  Progen'iet, 
Proles,  Soh'oles,  Snb'olex,  from  tin,  and  yovri, 
'sperm.'  Offspring.  Progeny.  Also,  Superfoe- 
tation. 

EPIGONION,  Foetus. 

EPIGONIS.  Patella. 

EPIGONOX,  Superfoetation. 

EPIGOUNIS,  Patella. 

E/IGUXLS,  Patella. 

EPILA  TOIRE,  Depilatory. 

EPILATORIUM,  Depilatory. 

EPILEMPSIS,  Epilepsy. 

EPILENTIA,  Epilepsy. 

EPILEPSIA,  Epilepsy  — e.  Acuta  Infixntum, 
Eclampsia  — e.  Algetica,  see  Algos  — e.  Febrilis 
infantum.  Eclampsia — e.  Kocturna,  Incubus — e. 
Puerilis,  Eclampsia  infantum — e.  Saltatoria,  Cho- 
rea—e.  Uterina,  Lorind  matricis. 

EPILEPSIE,  Epilepsy — e.  Uterine,  Hysteria 
— e.   Vertige,  see  Epilepsia. 

EP'ILEPSY,  'itpri  V0V3US,  acXrivaia  vovao^,  Epi- 
lep'nia,   Epilcp'sia,   Epihmp'sia,    Epikn'tia,   Sys- 
pa'sia  Epi'hpiiia,  Catalcii'tia,  J)ecidin'tiii,  Paa'gio 
cadi'va,   Heracle'ua  niorlim.    Hierau'onun,  Depre- 
hen'eio,    Clotios  epilcp'sia,  Prehen'sio,  Perdit"io, 
Epileji'tica  jms'sio,  Iforbiis  c<»nit''iali8  seu  cadu'- 
ciw   seu   Ilercide'us    seu    sacer   seu    astra'lis    seu 
sidera'tiis  sea   danioiii'acus  seu   Sancti  Johan'nia 
seu.  fcpdits  seu  punri'Us  seu  m<ignns  seu  major  seu 
interlu'nius  seu  divi'nua  seu  damo'uiits  seu  son'- 
ticiis  seu  seleui'acns  seu  Inriat'icus  seu  rneuaa'lia 
sen  dei/'iciia  seu    scclea'tiis   seu    vilriola'tua  seu 
viridel'lua  seu  Sancti    Valenli'iii,  Midiim  cadn'- 
cum,    Aualep'sia,    Cafapto'ais,    Jiisa'iiia    cadi'va, 
Apoplex'ia  parva,  Cadu'ca  paa'sio,  Luea  divi'na, 
Vit'ium  cadu'cum  seu  divi'nnm  seu  Hcrrule'um, 
Falling  sickueas.  Falling-down,  (Old  E.)  Falland- 
evyl,  (F. )  Mai  caduc  ou  diviii  ou   Saint-Jean  ou 
de  Terre,    Hautmal,    Gotitte    cadnque.     The  word 
is    derived    from   en-iXu/i/iavo),    '  future,'    tKi'Srupio, 
{tJTi,  and  Xd^/Juvu),  '  I  seize.')  '  I  seize  upon.'  It  is 
a  disease  of  the  brain,  which  may  either  be  idio- 
pathic or  symptomatic,  spontaneous  or  accidental, 
and  which  occurs  in  paroxysms,  with  uncertain 
intervals  between.      These  paroxysms   are  cha- 
racterized by  loss  of  consciousness  and  by  con- 
vulsive motions  of  the  muscles.     Frequently,  the 
fit  attacks  suddenly:  at  other  times,  it  is  pre- 
ceded by  indisposition,  vertigo,  and  stupor.     At 
times,  before  the  loss  of  consciousness  occurs,  a 
sensation  of  a  cold  vapour  is   felt,  hence  called 
aura  epilep'tica.     This  appears   to  rise  in  some 
part  of  the  body,   proceeds   towards   the  head; 
and   as   soon   as   it   has   reached    the    brain   the 
patient  falls  down.     The  ordinary  duration  of  a 
fit  is  from  5  to  20  minutes.     Sometimes  it  goea 
off  in   a  few  seconds;  at  others,  it  is  protracted 
for  hours.      In  all  cases,  there  is  a  loss  of  sensa- 
tion, sudden  falling  down,  distortion  of  the  eyes 
and  face;  countenance  of  a  red,  purple  or  violet 
colour;    grinding   of  the    teeth;    foaming  at  the 
mouth;  convulsions  of  the  limbs;  difficult  respi- 
ration, generally  stertorous;  with,  sometimes, in- 
voluntary discharge  of  fa-ces  and  urine.     After 
the   fit,  the  patient  retains   not  the  least  recol- 
lection   of  what    has    passed,    but   remains,  for 
some  time,  affected  with  head-aoh,  stupor,  and 
lassitude. 
The  disease  is  in  the  brain,  and  is  generally 


EPILEPTIC 


346 


EPIPIIYTE 


organic ;  hut  it  may  be  functional  and  sympto- 
matic of  irritation  in  other  parts,  as  in  the  sto- 
mach, bowels,  <fec.  The  prognosis,  as  to  ultimate 
recovery,  is  unfavourable.  It  does  not,  however, 
frequently  destroy  life,  but  is  apt  to  lead  to  men- 
tal imbecility.  Dissection  has  not  thrown  light 
on  its  patiiology. 

To  the  attacks  of  epilepsy  which  are  unaccom- 
panied by  convulsions,  as  is  sometimes  the  case, 
the  French  give  the  name  Petit-mal,  and  Epi- 
lepsie  Vertifje,  Cer'ehral  EpUepmj.  Fully  formed 
epilepsy  is  the  Grand-mal  of  the  French,  Spinal 
Epilepxy.  When  furious  mania  succeeds  to  a 
paroxysm,  it  is  termed  Mania  epileptica  and 
Epileptic  Delirium. 

In  the  treatment,  the  cause  must  be  sought 
after,  and  if  possible  removed.  In  the  paroxysm, 
but  little  can  be  done,  but  as  the  tongue  is  liable 
to  be  injured  by  the  teeth,  the  jaws  may  be  kept 
open  by  putting  a  cork  or  piece  of  wood  between 
them.  If  the  fit  has  been  brought  on  by  indi- 
gestible food,  the  stomach  must  be  cleared.  It 
is  between  the  paroxysms  that  the  great  effort 
must  be  made.  Generally,  there  is  considerable 
irritability  and  debility  of  the  nervous  system, 
and  hence  tonics  have  been  found  the  best  reme- 
dies. Of  these,  perhaps  the  most  powerful,  in 
epilepsy,  is  the  argenti  nitras,  given  regularly 
and  continued  for  months,  if  necessary.  Prepa- 
rations of  iron,  copper,  and  zinc,  have  also  been 
used,  and  vegetable  tonics  and  autispasmodics  in 
general.  Counter  irritants,  as  blisters,  moxa, 
Ac,  may  be  employed,  if  necessary,  along  with 
this  course. 

Unfortunately,  in  many  cases,  these  means  are 
found  insufficient,  and  all  that  can  be  done  is  to 
palliate,  removing  carefully  the  exciting  causes; 
such  as  the  use  of  spirituous  liquors,  strong  emo- 
tions, violent  exercise,  &c.;  and  regulating  the 
diet. 

Epilepsy,  Cerebral,  see  Epilepsy — e.  Spinal, 
see  Epilepsy. 

EPILEP'TIC,  Epilep'ticHS,  Epilep'tua,  Lnnat'- 
icun,  Cndu'cans;  same  etymon.  One  aifected 
■with  epilepsy.  Any  thing  relating  to  epilepsy ; 
as  an  epiilep'tic  individual ;  an  epilep'tic  symp- 
tom. Some  authors  also  speak  of  epileptic  reme- 
dies. 

EPILEP'TOID,  EpileptoVdes ;  same  etymon. 
Resembling  epilepsy — as  'epileptoid  symptoms.' 

EPILO'BIUM  ANGUSTIFO'LIUM,  (from 
em,  Xo(iov,  and  lov,  'a  violeton  a  pod,')  Great  Willow 
herb.  An  indigenous  plant,  Order,  Onagraceae, 
which  flowers  in  July.  The  root  is  emollient  and 
slightly  astringent. 

Epilobium  Colora'tom,  Purple-veined  Willow 
lierh,  has  similar  properties. 

EpiLOBiUJr  ViLLO'sujf,  a  South  African  plant, 
is  used  at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  as  a  domestic 
remedy  for  cleansing  foul  ulcers. 

EPIM'ANES,  from  CTttjiaivofiai,  {cm,  and  fiaivo- 
fiai,  'I  am  in  a  rage  at.')  A  name  given  to  a  ma- 
niac when  in  a  paroxj'sm. 

EPIMELE'TAI,  from  emiitXconat,  (cki,  and 
/itXo),  'I  take  care,')  'I  take  care  of.'  A  name  by 
which  the  ancient  Persians  called  the  curers  of 
wounds,  who  followed  their  armies. 

EPIMOR'IOS,  'unequal;'  from  cm,  and  /atiooj, 
'I  divide.'  An  epithet  applied  to  the  pulse  wlien 
unequal. — Galen. 

EPINARD,  Spinacia — 6.  Sauvage,  Chenopo- 
dium  bonus  Henricus. 

EPINE,  Spine  — c.  de  Cerf,  Rharanus  — ^.  du 
Dos,  Vertebral  column — e.  Gutturale,  Nasal  spine, 
inferior  and  posterior — e.  Sphenoidale,  Sphenoi- 
dal spine — S.   Vinette,  Oxyacantha  Galeni. 

EPINEMESIS,  Dispensation. 


EPINEPII'ELOS,  Nubilo'sus.  Presenting  a 
cloud.     Applied  to  the  urine. — Hippocrates. 

EPINE UX,  Spinous  — ^.  du  Dos,  grand,  Spi- 
nalis  dorsi  major:  sec  Interspinalos  dorsi  et  luin- 
borum — -e.  du  Dos,  petit,  see  Interspinales  dorsi 
et  lumborum. 

EPINGLE,  Pin. 

EPINIERE,  Spinal. 

EPINOTION,  Scapula. 

EPINYC'TIDES,  from  cm,  and  vuf.  vtxrof, 
'the  night.'  Eruptions  which  appear  on  the  .<kin 
in  the  night,  and  disappear  in  the  day.  Pus'tula 
livens  et  nov'tibus  inquie'tans. — Pliny. 

EPINYCTIS  PKURIGINOSA,  Urticaria. 

EPIONE,  Decidua. 

EPIPAROXYS'MUS.  A  paroxysm  super- 
added  to  an  ordinar}'  paroxysm. 

EPIPASTUM,  Catapasma. 

EPIPE'CHU,  tTsiTT-n-xy,  from  cvi,  and  jri;;^;«f, 
'the  elbow.'  The  upper  part  of  the  elbow.  The 
part  above  the  elbow. — Gorraeus. 

EPIPEPHYCOS,  Conjunctiva. 

EPIPHiENOM'ENON,  Post  appn'rens,  Epi- 
phenom'enon ;  same  etymon  as  the  next.  Any 
kind  of  adventitious  symptom  which  occurs 
during  the  progress  of  an  aiTection  ;  and  which 
is  not  as  intimately  connected  with  the  existence 
of  the  disease  as  the  symptoms  properly  so  called. 

EPIPHA'NIA,  from  cm,  and  <paivo),  'I  exhi- 
bit.' The  external  appearance  of  the  body. — 
Castelli. 

EPIPHEGUS  VIRGI-NIANA,  Orobanche 
Virginiana. 

EPIPHENOMENON,  Epiphicnomcnon. 

EPIPH'LEBUS,  from  c^i,  and  0>£i/.,  <p\clios, 
'a  vein.'  An  epithet  given  to  those  whose  veins 
are  very  apparent. — Hippoc,  Aretaeus. 

EPIPHLEGIA,  Inflammation. 

EPIPHLOGISMA,  Erysipelatous  inflamma. 
tion. 

EPIPHLOGOSIS,  Hyperphlogosis. 

EPIPH'ORA,  Dncryno'ma,  Lacryma'tio,  De- 
lacrymii'tio,  Illacryma'tio,  Stillicid'ium  lacryma'- 
rum,  Oc'ulus  lac'rymans ;  from  cTTi^cpw,  (ciri,  and 
0£p(i),)  'I  carry  to.'  Weeping.  {¥.)  Larmoitment. 
The  watery  eye;  —  an  involuntary  and  constant 
flow  of  tears  upon  the  cheek.  It  is  almost  always 
symptomatic  of  some  disease  of  the  lachrymal 
passages,  and  occurs  when  the  tears  cannot  pacs 
into  the  ductus  ad  nasum.  Occasionally,  it  is 
owing  to  the  tears  being  secreted  in  too  great 
quantity;  as  in  certain  cases  of  ophthahuia.  The 
treatment  must  of  course  be  directed  to  the  re- 
moval of  the  cause. 

Epiphora,  Epidrome,  Ophthalmia  — e.  Alvi, 
Diarrhoea— e.  Ptyalismus,  Salivation. 

EPIPHYMATA,  Cutaneous  diseases. 

EPIPH'YSIS,  Additamen'tnm,  from  tjri,  and 
0t)w,  'I  arise.'  Any  portion  of  a  bone,  separated 
from  the  bo<ly  of  the  bone  by  a  cartilage,  which 
becoines  converted  into  bone  by  ag«.  The  epi- 
physis of  the  foetus  becomes  the  apophysis  of  the 
adult. 

Epiphysis  Cruris  Longioris  Incudis,  Os  or- 
biculare. 

EP'IPHYTE,£>)»>A'y<on,  (pi.  Epipl'yfa,]hom 
cm,  and  (pvrov,  'a  plant.'  Phyto-panisite.  A 
parasite  derived  from  the  vegetable  kingdom. 
Epiphytes  are  divided  by  Vogel  into,  1.  Vegeta- 
tions in  the  human  fluids,  as  the  tor'vla  cerevis'ia 
in  vomited  fluids,  and  faecal  evacuations,  and  the 
sar'ciiia  yentric'nli.  2.  Vegetations  on  the  ex- 
ternal skin  and  its  appendages,  as  in  tinea  favosa, 
mentagra,  herpes  tonsurans  and  plica  polonica; 
and,  .3.  Vegetations  on  the  mucous  membrane,— 
as  in  the  aphthae  of  children  ;  in  the  cicatrices  of 
the  mucous  membrane  after  typhus,  &c.  By 
some,  the  term  epiphytes  is  restricted  to  those 


EPIPLASMA 


347 


EPISIONCUS 


vegetaWe  parasites  which  grow  on  tho  surface  of 
the  body. 

EPIPLAS'MA,  from  ejri(rXa(T(rci),(£r7i,and  rXoffo-u, 
'I  smear,')  '  I  plaster.'  Cataplasm.  Galen  uses 
it  especially  for  an  application  of  whcaten  flour, 
boiled  in  lii/drelieum,  and  applied  to  wounds. 

EPIPLE'GIA,  from  £ti,  and  nXriyt],  *a  stroke.' 
Paralysis  of  the  upper  extremities. 

EP'iPLERO'SIS,  from  4774,  and  TX»;pai«s,  're- 
pletion.     E.Kcessive  repletion ;  distension. 

EPIP'LOCE,  from  tjri,  and  vXeKia,  'I  twine.' 
Coition.     Entanglement. 

Ei'Ip'loce  Intksti.va'i.IS,  Confjlomem'tio  in- 
tesliiio'ntm.     Conglomeration  of  the  intestines. 

EPIPLOCE'LE,  from  epiploon,  and  Kn\ri,  'tu- 
mour.' Epip'loic  her'niit,  Zirba'liH  hernia,  Her- 
liin  omenta  Uk,  Omentid  hernia,  (F.)  Hemic  lie 
Vepiploon.  Omental  hernia  is  recognised — but  at 
times  with  difficulty  —  by  a  soft,  unequal,  pasty 
tumour,  in  which  no  gurgling  sound  is  heard  on 
pressing  or  reducing  it.  It  is  less  dangerous  than 
hernia  of  the  intestines. 

EPIPLO-ENTEROCE'LE,  from  epiploon,  tv- 
Ttpui/,  'intestine,'  and  ktiXti,  'tumour.'  Hernia, 
formed  by  the  epiploon  aiid  a  portion  of  intes- 
tine. It  is  more  commonly  called  En'tero-epi- 
ploce'le. 

EPIPLOENTEROOSCIIEOCE'LE,  Epiplo- 
enteroichoce'le,  from  epiploon,  cvrcpov,  'intestine,' 
oaxtov,  'scrotum,'  and  Kr/Xr/,  'rupture.'  Hernia 
with  omentum  and  intestine  in  the  scrotum. 

EPIP'LOIC,  Epiplo'icus.  Relating  to  the 
epiploon. 

Epiploic  Appendages,  Appendiculae  pingue- 
dinosaj. 

Epiploic  Ar'teries;  Arte' rim  EpipWica. 
Tho  arterial  branches,  which  are  distributed  to 
the  epiploon,  and  which  are  given  otT  by  the  gas- 
tro-epiploiesB.  _ 

EPIPLO-ISCIIIOCE'LE,  from  epiploon,  ttr^t- 
ov,  'the  ischium,'  and  (cijAiy,  'a  tumour.'  Hernia 
formed  by  the  epiploon  through  the  ischiatic 
notch. 

EPIPLOI'TIS,  from  epiploon,  and  I'tis,  deno- 
ting inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  omen- 
tum ;  Omenti'tis,  Empresnia  peritonitis  omenta'lis, 
Omcuti  injlamma'tio,  Enteri'tis  epiploi'tis,  Omen- 
te'ais.     A  form  of  partial  peritonitis. 

EPIPLOMEROCE'LE,  from  epiploon,  firipos, 
'the  thigh,'  and  kv^v,  'a  tumour.'  Femoral  her- 
nia, formed  by  the  epiploon. 

EPIPLOMPHALOCELE,  Epiplomphalon. 

EPIPLOM'PHALON,  Epiplodm'phalon,  Epi- 
ploniphaldce'te,  Hernia  ninbilica'lin,  from  epi- 
ploon, andofKpaXo  s,  'the  navel.'  Umbilical  hernia, 
formed  by  the  epiploon. 

EPIPLOM'PIIRASIS,  from  epiploon,  and  cfi- 
ippaaao),  'I  obstruct.'     Induration  of  the  epiploon. 

EPIPLOOCOMIS'TES,  from  epiploon,  and 
KOfit(w,  'I  carry.'  One  who  has  the  omentum 
morbidly  large.  Also,  one  labouring  under  cpi- 
plocele. 

EPIP'LOON,  jE'/ujoVomot,  from  tiri,  'above,' and 
trXtu),  'I  swim  or  float.'  Omen'tum,  Rete,  Retic'- 
vlnin ;  Dcrtron;  Zirhua,  Gan'game,  Gangamiun, 
Operimen'tuni  intestino'rtim,  Snccnn  epiploicns, 
Sm,e'nn,  The  Caul,  (Prov.)  Flick,  Web.  A  pro- 
longation of  the  peritoneum,  which  floats  above 
a  portion  of  the  intestines,  and  is  formed  of  two 
membranous  layers,  with  vessels  and  fatty  bands 
distributed  through  it.  Anatomists  have  de- 
scribed several  epiploons.  The  uses  of  the  omen- 
tum are  but  little  known.  The  chief  one  seems 
to  be,  to  retain  the  viscera  in.  situ,  and  to  give 
passage  to  vessels. 

Epiploon,  Colic,  Colic  Omen'tum,  Omentum 
en'licum.   Third  Epiploon  or  Omentum,  is  a  dupli- 

cature  of  the  peritoueuui,  situate  along  the  as- 


cending portion  of  the  colon,  as  far  ns  its  junc- 
tion with  the  transverse  portion.  It  is  behind 
the  great  epiploon,  and  fills  up  the  angle  formed 
by  the  junction  of  the  ascending  with  the  trans- 
verse colon.  Its  two  laminae  are  separated  by 
colic  arteries  and  veins. 

Epiploon,  G astro-Colic,  Great  Omentum, 
Omentum  yastro-co'licum  seu  majus,  Peritonce'um 
duplica'tum,  Rete  majns,  Zirbux  adipi'nus,  con- 
sists of  an  extensive  duplicature,  which  is  free 
and  floating  on  the  folds  of  the  intestines.  It  is 
quadrilateral,  and  longer  on  the  left  side  than  on 
the  right:  —  its  base  being  fixed,  anteriorly,  to 
the  great  curvature  of  the  stomach ;  and,  poste- 
riorly, to  the  arch  of  the  colon.  It  is  formed  of 
two  laminae,  each  consisting  of  two  others.  In 
this  epiploon  a  number  of  vessels  is  distributed, 
and  there  is  much  fat. 

Epiploon,  Gastro-IIepatic,  Leoser  Omentum, 
Omentum  hep'ato-i/as'trieum  sou  minus,  3/eiuhrn'- 
na  macilen'tior,  is  a  duplicature  of  the  peritoneum, 
which  extends  transversely  from  the  right  side 
of  the  cardia  to  the  corresponding  extremity  of 
the  fissure  of  the  liver,  and  downwards  from  this 
fissure  to  the  lesser  curvature  of  the  stomach,  the 
pylorus  and  duodenum.  Below  it  is  the  forcnueii 
or  hiatus  of  WiNSLOw;  and  between  its  lamina) 
are  lodged  the  biliary  and  hepatic  vessels.  It 
contains  but  little  fat.  If  air  be  ))lown  in  at  the 
foramen  of  Winslow,  the  cavity  or  sac  of  the  omen- 
tum, Sae'cus  Peritoucs'i  retroventriculo' ris,  Bursa 
omenta'lis,  will  be  rendered  perceptible. 

Epiploon,  Gastro- Splenic,  Gantro-  Splenic 
Omentum,  Omentum  Gastro-sple'nicum.  A  reflec- 
tion of  the  peritoneum,  which  passes  between  tlie 
concave  surface  of  the  spleen  and  the  stoniach, 
from  the  cardiac  orifice  to  near  its  great  curva- 
ture, and  which  lodges  the  vasa  brevia  and 
splenic  vessels  between  its  laminae. 

EPIPLOSARCOM'PHALUS,  from  epiploon, 
nap^,  aapKos,  'flesh,'  and  ofxipaKoq,  'the  navel.' 
Umbilical  hernia,  formed  of  indurated  omentum. 

EPIPLOSCIIEOCE'LE,  Epip/osrhoee'le,  from 
epiploon,  oa^eov,  '  the  scrotum,' and  k^X';,  'tumour.' 
Scrotal  hernia,  formed  by  a  displacement  of  the 
epiploon. 

EPIPLOUM,  Epiploon. 

EPIPNOIA.  Afflatus. 

EPIPORO'MA,  from  e-mirupoia,  (tjri,  and  rupoo),) 
'I harden.'  A  tophaceous  concretion  which  forms 
in  the  joints.     The  callus  of  fracture. 

EPIR'RHOE,  Epirrhtv'a,  from  £ti,   and    peia, 

'I   flow.'     Afflux  or  congestion    of  humours 

Hippocrates. 

EPIRRHCEA,  Epirrhoe. 

EPISARCIDIUM,  Anasarca. 

EPIS'CHESIS,  Retention;  from  cntax't,  'I 
restrain.'     A  suppression  of  excretions. 

EPISCHET'ICUS;  same  etymon.  Sistens, 
Rep'rimens,  Co'hibens.  'Restraining.'  An  agent 
that  diminishes — secretion,  for  example. 

EPISCHION,  Abdomen,  Pubes,  Pubis  os. 

EPISCOPALES  VALVUL.^,  Mitral  valves. 

EPISEIOX,  Pubis  (os).  Vulva,  Labium  Pu- 
dendi,  Tressoria. 

EPISEMA'SIA,  from  cmanpaivu),  (nrt,  and  cTj/ia, 
'a  sign,')  '  I  afford  some  sign.'  Semn'sia.  It  has 
been  used  sj'nonymously  with  siyn,  and  also  with 
the  invasion  of  an  attack  of  fever.  See  Annotatio. 

EPISIOCELE,  see  Hernia,  vulvar. 

EPISKEDE'MA,  from  cviatiov,  (modern.)  'the 
labium  pudendi,'  and  oi6rina,  'oedema.'  (Edema 
of  the  labia  pudendi. 

EPISiOI'TIS,  from  tmauov,  'the  labium  pu- 
dendi,' and  itis,  denoting  'inflammation.'  In- 
flammation of  the  labia  pudendi. 

EPISION,  Episeion. 

EPISIOX'CUS,  Episiophy'ma,  from   ntrntiov, 


EPISIOPHYMA 


3  4  8 


EPITHELIUM 


(modern.)  'the  labium  pudendi,'  and  oyxos,  'a 
tumour.'  Tumor  labio'nim.  A  swelling  or  tu- 
m^iur  of  the  labia  pudendi. 

EPISIOPHYMA,  Episioncus. 

EPIS[ORRnAG"IA,  from  £)T((7£iov,' the  labium 
pudendi,'  and /jjy/;, '  rupture.'  Hemorrhage  from 
tne  labia  pudendi. 

EPISIOR'RHAPHY,  EplHtorrhaph'ia,  from 
fiatiuv,  '  the  labium  pudendi,'  '  the  vulva,'  and 
fd-prj,  '  suture.'  An  operation  practised  in  eases 
of  prolapsus  uteri,  which  consists  in  paring  the 
opposing  surfaces  of  the  labia  pudendi,  bringing 
tliem  together  and  uniting  them  by  suture,  so  as 
to  diminish  the  outlet  of  the  vulva. 

EPISPA'DIA  ;  Ili/peropa'dia ;  same  etymon 
as  the  next.     The  condition  of  an  Epispadias. 

EPISPA'DIAS,  EiiinpridifB'itu,  Aucvipn' dias, 
A'laspndim' lis,  Hi/perspa'di'ts,  Hyperspadioi'ns, 
from  eiti,  'above,'  and  anaiii,  'I  draw.'  The  op- 
posite to  Hypospadias.  One  who  has  a  preter- 
natural opening  of  the  urethra  at  the  upper  part 
of  the  penis. 

EPISPAS'^TICS,  Epxspaa'tica,  Vea'icaiita, 
Ildc'tlca,  (F.)  Epinpastiqiies  ;  same  etymon.  An 
epithet  for  every  medicinal  substance  which, 
when  applied  to  the  skin,  excites  pain,  heat,  and 
more  or  less  redness,  followed  by  separation  of 
the  epidermis,  which  is  raised  up  by  effused  serum. 
Cantharides  and  mustard  are  epispastics.  See 
Blister,  and  Derivative. 

E/ISPASTICUM,  Blister. 

EPISPASriQUES,  Epispastics. 

EPISPASTUM,  Catapasma. 

EPISPIIiE'RIA,from  £in,and(T0aipa,  'asphere.' 
Some  physiologists  have  applied  this  term  to  the 
different  convolutions  and  sinuosities  presented 
by  the  external  surface  of  the  brain. 

EPISPlIACxISMOS,  Signature. 

EPISPLEXITFS,  see  Splenitis. 

EPISTACTIS'CHBSrS,  from  ephtaxh,  and 
laX^i-v,  '  to  restrain.'  Arrest  of  bleeding  from  the 
nose. 

EPISTAPHYLINI,  see  Azygos  Muscle. 

EPIS'TASIS,  Insiden'tia,  from  em,  and  orau, 
*I  rest.'  A  substance  which  swims  at  the  sur- 
face of  urine.  It  is  opposed  to  the  hypoatnaia  or 
sediment.  Epistasis  has  also  been  employed 
S3'nonymously  with  suppression. 

EPISTAX'IS,  from  tm,  and  ara^to,  'I  flow  drop 
by  drop.'  Hmniorrlimj" ia  acti'va  na'rium,  H. 
Dnrin'ea  seu  na'rium,  Epislnx'ia  junio'rum  seu 
arlerin'ed,  Hop.morrhin'ia,  HcBmorhu>orrhng"{n, 
JfrBMdti'n'mua,  Choiin(>rrhng"ia,  Rhinorrhag"ia, 
Slillirid' !um  seu  Stillti'tio  Snng'uinia  e  nar'ibua, 
Hmn'orrhnge  from  the  pitu'itdry  membrane,  Bleed- 
ing at  the  nose.  Nosebleed,  (F.)  Hemorrhagie 
iiaaale,  Sdignement  du  nez,  Hemorrhinie.  This  is 
one  of  the  most  common  varieties  of  hemorrhage; 
the  organization  of  the  Sehneiderian  membrane 
being  favourable  to  it,  as  the  blood-vessels  are 
but  slightly  supported.  It  does  not  generally 
flow  from  both  nostrils,  and  is  very  apt  to  recur. 
Puberty  is  the  period  at  which  it  is  most  common. 
Its  exciting  causes  are:  —  any  thing  that  will 
induce  local  congestions,  as  running,  coughing, 
blowing  the  nose,  Ac,  provided  there  be  a  pre- 
disposition to  it.  A  common  case  of  epistaxis  re- 
quires but  little  treatment,  especially  if  in  a 
young  person.  Light  diet  and  a  dose  or  two  of 
the  sulphate  of  magnesia  will  be  sufficient.  In 
more  severe  attacks,  cold  and  astringent  washes 
of  alum,  »ilphate  of  zinc,  weak  sulphuric  acid, 
or  creosote,  may  be  used,  and  tiie  nostrils  be 
plugged  anteriorly;  but  if  the  bleeding  goes  on 
posteriorly,  the  posterior  nares  must  be  plugged 
likewise,  —  the  patient  being  kept  with  the  head 
raised.  The  flow  of  blood  has  been  arrested  by 
directing  the  patient  to  stand  up  with  his  head' 


elevated,  compressing  the  nostril  whence  the 
blood  flows  with  the  finger,  raising  the  corre- 
sponding arm  perpendicularly,  and  liolding  it  in 
this  position  for  about  two  minutes.  A  less 
vigorous  circulation  through  the  carotids  a))pear3 
to  result  from  the  increased  force  reipured  to 
carry  on  the  circulation  through  the  upper  ex- 
tremities when  raised.  —  Negrier.  To  prevent 
the  recurrence,  strict  diet  must  be  inculcated. 

EPISTER'NAL,  Epistcma'lis,  from  en,,  and 
cTcpvov,  '  the  sternum.'  An  epithet  aiiplied  to  two 
bones  which  form  part  of  the  sternum,  and  are 
situate  upon  its  superior  and  lateral  part.  In  the 
young  subject,  they  are  attached  to  the  sternum 
by  a  synovial  membrane,  and  a  fibrous  capsule. 
They  have  somewhat  the  appearance  of  the  pisi- 
form bones,  but  are  of  a  greater  size. 

According  to  Professor  Owen,  the  piece  of  a 
segment  of  an  articulate  animal,  which  is  imme- 
diately above  the  middle  inferior  piece  or  sternum. 

EPISTHOT'ONOS,  from  e^iaOcv,  'forwards.* 
and  reivoi,  '  I  extend.'  A  spasm  of  the  muscles, 
drawing  the  body  forwards.  The  word  empros- 
thotonns  is  more  commonly  employed. 

EPISTROPHE,  Relapse. 

EPISTROPHEUS,  Axis. 

EPISTROPHUS,  Axis. 

EPISYNAN'CHE,  (trrt,  and  synanrhe  or  cynnn. 
che,)  Episynangi'na.  A  Greek  word,  used  by  a 
modern  writer  for  spasm  of  the  pharynx,  by 
which  deglutition  is  prevented,  and  the  solid  and 
liquid  food  driven  back  towards  the  mouth  or 
nasal  fossae. 

EPISYNTHET'IC,  Episynthet'icna,  from  tiri- 
(TvvTi^rjui,  {trt,  avv,  and  Tidtjjii,)  'to  collect,  accu- 
mulate.' The  name  of  a  medical  sect,  whose  ob- 
ject it  was  to  reconcile  the  principles  of  the  Me- 
thodists with  those  of  the  Empirics  and  Dogma- 
tics. Loonides  of  Alexandria  seems  to  have  been 
one  of  the  first  partisans  of  this  sectj  of  which 
we  know  little. 

EPIT'ASIS,  from  etti,  and  rttvtir,  'to  extend.' 
The  period  of  violence  of  a  fever,  (Febris  inten'- 
aio,)  attack  or  paroxysm  ;  sometimes  it  is  used  in 
the  same  sense  as  epistasis,  for  '  auppreaaion.' 

EPITELTUM,  Epithelium. 

EPITHE'LIAL,  Epithelia'lia ;  same  etymon 
as  epiehelium.  Appertaining  or  relating  to  the 
epithelium, — as  epithelial  cells,  and  scales. 

Epithelial  Cancrr,  Cancroid  of  the  ahin, 
Epithelio'ma,  Carcijio' ma  epithelio'des,  is  a  morbid 
growth  of  epithelial  cells  ;  forming  an  epithelial 
tumour,  which,  by  some,  is  regarded  as  carci- 
noma.    See  Cancroid. 

EPITHELIOMA,  Epithelial  cancer. 

EPITHE'LIUM,  Epite'lium.  Epiihe'lia,  Epi- 
the'lia,  Endepiderm'is,  from  tJri,  and  iri\ri,  'a 
nipple.'  The  thin  layer  of  epidermis,  which 
covers  parts  deprived  of  derma,  properly  so 
called,  —  as  the  nipple,  mucous  membranes,  lips, 
&o.  Modern  histological  researches  have  shown 
that  it  exists,  in  differentforms.  pavement,  cylinder, 
and  vibratile  or  ciliated  epithelium.  Tesselated, 
pavement,  scaly,  Inmel'lar,  tu'bnlar,  or  Jlalt'ened 
epithelium,  Epith<4inm  polyed'ricnm,  and  E.  la- 
mello'aum,  (F.)  Epithelium  jiavimenteiiJi-,  covers  the 
serous  and  synovial  membranes,  the  lining  of 
blood-vessels,  and  the  mucous  membranes,  except 
where  cylinder  epithelium  exists.  It  is  spread 
over  the  mouth,  pharynx  and  oesophagus,  con- 
junctiva, vagina,  and  entrance  of  the  female 
urethra.  Cylinder,  C(dum'uar  or  Prismal'ic  epi- 
thelium,  Epithe'lium  cylin'dricnm,  (F.)  Epitheliiiin 
cylindriqne  is  found  in  the  intestinal  canalf 
beyond  the  cardiac  orifice  of  the  stomach;  in  the 
larger  ducts  of  the  salivary  glands  ;  in  the  ductus 
communis  choledochus,  prostate,  Cowper's  glands, 
vesiculae  seminales,  vas  deferens,  tubuli  uriniferi, 


EPITHEM 


849 


EQUIVOROUS 


and  urethra  of  the  male ;  and  lines  the  urinary 
passages  of  the  female,  from  the  orifice  of  the 
urethra  to  the  beginning  of  the  tubuli  uriniferi 
of  the  kidneys.  In  all  these  situations,  it  is  con- 
tinuous with  tesselated  epithelium,  which  lines 
the  more  delicate  ducts  of  the  various  glands. 
For  the  uses  of  the  ciliated  epithelium,  Epithe- 
lium vihraiis,  see  Cilia. 

Mr.  Bowman  has  applied  the  term  spheroidal 
to  a  variety  of  epithelium,  the  cells  of  which,  for 
the  most  part,  retain  their  primitive  roundness  ; 
or,  being  flattened  where  they  touch,  acquire  a 
polyhedral  figure.  At  times,  these  show  a  dis- 
position to  pass  into  the  columnar,  or  the  tesse- 
lated variety ;  and,  hence,  this  form  has  been 
called  the  trnnnt"ion(d.  The  spheroidal  epithe- 
lium is  found  in  the  urinary  passages,  where  it 
succceils  the  columnar  epithelium  of  the  urethra 
at  the  internal  orifice  of  that  canal,  and  lines  the 
whole  of  the  bladder,  ureters  and  pelves  of  the 
kidneys.  It  is  found,  also,  in  the  excretory  ducts 
of  the  mammary,  perspiratory,  and  of  many 
mucous,  glands;  and  a  modification  of  it  lines  the 
inmost  secreting  cavities  or  commencing  ducts  of 
glands  generally. 

EP'ITlIflM,  Epith'ema  or  Epithe'mn,  from  stti, 
and  Ti^rifii, '  I  put.'  This  terra  is  applied  to  every 
topical  ai)plication,  which  cannot  be  classed 
either  under  ointments  or  plasters.  Three  sorts 
of  epitheins  have  been  usually  distinguished,  — 
the  liqiiiil,  drtf,  and  soft,  which  comprise  fomen- 
tations, hags  filled  with  dry  substances,  and  cata- 
plasms. 

EPITH'ESIS.  Same  etymon.  The  rectifica- 
tion of  crooked  limbs  by  means  of  instruments. 

EPITIIYM'IiE,  from  cni,  and  0u/ioj,  'desire.' 
Morbid  desires  or  longings. 

EPITIIYMIAMA,  Fumigation. 
EPITIIYMUM,  Cuscuta  epithymum  — e.  Offi- 
cinarum,  Cuscuta  Europasa. 

EPITROCII'LEA,  from  cm,  and  rpoxnXta,  'a 
pulley.'  (F.)  Epitrochlee.  That  which  is  situate 
above  a  pulley.  Chaussier  gives  this  name  to  the 
unequal,  round  protuberance  situate  on  the  inside 
of  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  humerus  above  its 
articular  trochlea.  It  is  the  part  usually  called 
the  inner  or  lesser  condi/le  of  the  humerus.  From 
it  originate  several  muscles  of  the  forearm,  to 
which  it  has  given  part  of  their  names,  according 
to  the  system  of  Chaussier. 

EPITROCflLO- CARPI- PALMATRE,  Pal- 
roaris  longus — e.  Ouhito-carpien,  see  Cubital  mus- 
cles— i.  }[etitcarpien,  Palmaris  magnus — e.  Pha- 
langinien  commnn,  Fle.Kor  sublimis  perforatus  — 
i.  Radial,  Pronator  radii  teres. 

EPIZO'A,  (sing.  Epizo'on),  (F.)  Epizoaires,  Ec- 
toparasites, from  £jrt,  and  ^uiov, '  an  animal.'  Para- 
sitic animals,  which  infest  the  surface  of  the  body, 
or  the  common  integument. 

EPIZOO'TIA,  Epizooty,  (F.)  Epiznote.  Same 
etymon.  A  disease  which  reigns  amongst  ani- 
mals. It  corresponds,  in  the  veterinary  art,  to 
epidemy  in  medicine. 

EPIZOOT'IC,  ^^jizoo7'ici(»,  same  etymon.  Ec- 
lating or  appertaining  to  an  epizooty,  —  as  an 
'epizootic  aphtha.' 

EP'OCHE,  from  tvi,  and  e^^u,  'to  have  or  to 
hold.'    Doubt,  suspension  of  judgment — Snspen'sa 
aenten'tia.      Sometimes    employed   in    the    same 
sense  as  epischesis  or  suppression. 
EPOCHETEUSIS,  Derivation. 
EPODE.  Incantation. 

EPO'MIS,  Siiperhumera'le,  from  nt,  and  <i>/io;, 
'the  shoulder.'     The  acromion.     The  upper  part 
of  the  shouhlor. — Hippocrates,  Galen. 
EPO.MPII.VLICIT.M,  Epomphalium. 
EPOMPIIALION.  Uterus. 
EPOMPIIA'LIUM,  Epomp>hal' icum,  from  tn, 


and  oii<tia\og,  'the  navel.'  A  medicine,  which, 
when  placed  upon  the  umbilicus,  moves  the  belly. 
— Paulus  of  jEgina. 

EPONGE,  Spongia— ^.  d'Eylantier,  Bedegar. 

EPOQUES,  Menses. 

EPOSTOMA,  Exostosis. 

EPOSTOSIS,  Exostosis. 

EPREINTES,  Tenesmus. 

EPSEMA,  Decoction, 

EPSESIS,  Decoction,  Elixatio. 

EPSOM,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Epsom 
is  a  town  in  Surrey,  about  15  miles  from  London. 
The  water  is  a  simple  saline ; — consisting  chiefly 
of  sulphate  of  magnesia,  which  has  consequently 
received  the  name  of  Epsom  salts,  though  no 
loYiger  prepared  from  the  Epsom  water. 

EPUISEMENT,  Exhaustion. 

EPU'LIS,  from  etti,  and  ov\ov,  'the  gum.' 
Odon'tia  excres'cens,  Sarco'ma  epu'lis,  Ulon'ciis, 
Excrescen'tin  gingi'vcB.  (F.)  Epulide,  Epulie. 
An  excrescence  on  the  gum,  sometimes  ending  in 
cancer. 

EPULOSIS,  Cicatrization. 

EPULOTICA,  Cicatrisantia. 

EPURGE,  Euphorbia  lathyris. 

EQUAL,  uEqu(t'lis.  An  epithet  applied  parti- 
cularly to  the  pulse  and  to  respiration.  The  pulse 
and  respiration  are  equal,  when  the  pulsations 
and  inspirations  which  succeed  each  other  are 
alike  in  every  respect. 

EQUILIB"'RIUM,  from  (pqnus,  'equal,'  and 
lihrare,  'to  weigh.'  In  medicine,  this  word  is 
sometimes  used  to  designate  that  state  of  organs, 
fluids  and  forces,  which  constitutes  health. 

EQUINA  CAUDA,  see  Cauda  Equina. 

EQUI'NIA,  from  equinus,  'belonging  to  a 
horse.'  Glanders,  (Y.)  Morve.  A  dangerous  con- 
tagious disorder,  accompanied  by  a  pustular  erup- 
tion, which  arises  from  inoculation  with  certain 
diseased  fluids  generated  in  the  horse,  the  ass  and 
the  mule.  Two  forms  are  met  with, —  E.  mitia, 
contracted  from  horses  affected  with  grease,  and 
E.  glandnlo'aa,  a  dangerous  and  commonly  fatal 
disease  communicated  to  man,  either  in  the  acute 
or  chronic  form,  from  the  glandered  horse.  Tho 
veterinary  surgeons  make  two  varieties  of  the 
disease  in  the  horse — Glanders,  Ma'lia,  Malias'- 
mns,  ^[a'lie,  Jfalis,  Jfalleus  ;  and  Farcy  glanders, 
Farcino'vm,  Farci' men,  Mnl'lens  fnrciinino'sns, 
Morbus  farciminn'sns,  Cachex' la  lymphat'ica  fnr- 
ciniino'sa,  (F.)  Jlorve  farci  neuse.  Farcin;  —  the 
former  affecting  the  pituitary  membrane  and  oc- 
casioning a  profuse  discharge  from  the  nostrils, 
with  pustular  eruptions  or  small  tumours,  which 
soon  suppurate  and  ulcerate,  being  attended  by 
.symptoms  of  malignant  fever  and  by  gangrene 
of  various  parts:  —  the  latter  being  the  same 
disease,  but  appearing  in  the  shape  of  smnll 
tumours  about  the  legs,  lips,  face,  neck,  &,c.  of  the 
horse;  sometimes  very  painful,  suppurating  and 
degenerating  into  foul  ulcers.  They  are  often 
seen  together. 

The  mild  cases  require  little  treatment  but  rest; 
the  more  severe  genonilly  resist  all  remedies. 

EQUISETUM  ARVEN.SE,  &e.,  see  llippuris 
vulgaris — e.  Minus,  llippuris  vulgaris. 

EQUITA'TION,  Eqnita'tio,  Hlppei'a,  Hippn'. 
sia,  Hippeu'sis,  from  eqnitare,  eqnitatnin,  '  to  ride 
on  horseback.'  Horseback  exercise.  A  kind  of 
exercise,  advisable  in  many  diseases,  although 
improper  in  others  —  in  uterine  affections,  for  in- 
stance. It  has  been  much  recommended  in 
phthisis  pulmonalis.  It  is  less  fatiguing  th.ia 
walking,  and  consequently  more  available  in  dis- 
ease. But  to  prevent  disease,  where  much  exer- 
cise is  required,  the  latter  is  preferable. 

EQUIVOROUS,    Equiv'orua,   Hippoph'agoua, 


EQUIVOCAL 


350 


ERGOTINE 


from    eqtiue,   'a    horse,'   and   voro,   'I   devour.' 
Feeding  or  subsisting  on  horseflesh. 

EQUIVOCAL,  &/in"i;'(»oi(s, from  «7Ht/«, 'equal,' 
and  vox,  vocis,  'voice.'     Those  symptoms  are  oc- 
casionally so  denominated  which  belong  to  seve- 
ral diseases.     Generation  is  said  by  some  to  be 
'  equivocal,'  when  it  is,  or  seems  to  be,  spontaneous. 
See  (feneration. 
EQUUS,  Hrppus. 
ARABLE,  Acer  saccharinum. 
ERADICA'TION,  Eradica'tio,  from  e,  'from,' 
and  radix,  radicis,  'a  root.'     The  act  of  rooting 
out,  or  completely  removing  a  disease. 

ERAD'ICATIVE,  Et-ndi'cans:  same  etymon. 
Any  thing  possessed  of  the  power  of  completely 
rooting  out  a  disease. 

ERAILLEMEXT  DBS  PAUPIERES,  Ec- 
tropion. 

ERCLE,  Blister. 
EREBINTHUS,  Acer  arietinum. 
ERECTEUR  DU PENIS,  Ischio-cavernosus. 
ERECHTHI'TES  IIIERACIFO'LIA,  Sene'eio 
hieraci/o'h'us,   Fireweed.     An    indigenous   plant. 
Order    Compositae,  which  flowers  from  July  to 
September.     It  is  said  to  be  an  acrid  tonic,  and 
astringent,  and  in  large  doses  emetic. 

ERECTILE  TISSUE,  Tela  seu  Textua  erec'- 
tilis,  from  erigere,  erectum,  (e,  and  rigere,)  '  to 
erect,'  '  to  become  erect.'  A  tissue,  whose  prin- 
cipal character  is,  to  be  susceptible  of  dilatation, 
i.  e.  of  turgescence  and  increase  of  size.  It  is 
formed  of  a  collection  of  arteries  and  veins,  in- 
termixed with  nervous  filaments ;  which  form, 
by  their  numerous  anastomoses,  a  spongy  sub- 
stance, whose  areolifi  communicate  with  each 
other.  Smooth  muscular  fibres  have  been  de- 
tected in  it.  This  tissue  exists  in  the  corpora 
cavernosa  of  the  penis  and  clitoris,  at  the  lower 
and  inner  surface  of  the  vagina,  in  the  spongy 
part  of  the  urethra,  the  lips,  nipples,  iris,  <fec. 
Sometimes  it  is  developed  accidentally,  and  con- 
stitutes a  kind  of  organic  transformation. 

ERECTION.  Erec'tio,  Ari-ec'tio;  same  ety- 
mon. The  state  .of  a  part,  in  which,  from  having 
been  soft,  it  becomes  stiff,  hard,  and  swollen  by 
the  accumulation  of  blood  in  the  areolae  of  its 
tissue,  as  in  the  case  of  the  penis — Slym<i,  Sti/sis. 
ERECTOR  CLITORIDIS,  Ischio-cavernosus 
— e.  Penis,  Ischio-cavernosus. 

EREMACAU'SIS,     (F.)    ErSmacnmie,    from 
cprjuoi,  'waste,'  and  navais,  'combustion.'    A  term 
applied  by  Liebig  to  the  slow  combustion,  oxida- 
tion, or  decay  of  organic  matters  in  the  air. 
EREMIA,  Acinesia. 
EREFSIPELE,  Erysipelas. 
ERETHILYTICUM     H^MATOLYTICUM, 
Spanamie. 

ER'ETHISM,  Erethh'mva,  Erethis'ii,  Irrita- 
men'tiim,  Irrita'tio,  (F.)  Erethisvie,  from  epcSi^o), 
'  I  irritate.'  Irritation.  Augmentation  of  the 
vital  phenomena  in  any  organ  or  tissue.  Orgasm. 
Under  this  name,  Mr.  Pearson  has  described  a 
state  of  the  constitution  produced  by  mercury 
acting  on  it  as  a  poison.  He  calls  it  Jlercu'rial 
Er'ethium  or  Erethis'mtts.  It  is  characterized  by 
great  depression  of  strength;  anxiety  about  the 
pr.ecordia;  irregular  action  of  the  heart:  fre- 
quent sighing ;  tremors;  small,  quick,  sometimes 
intermitting  pulse ;  occasional  vomiting ;  pale, 
ciintracted  countenance,  and  sense  of  coldness  ; 
bi'.t  the  tongue  is  seldom  furred,  nor  are  the  vital 
and  natural  functions  much  disturbed.  In  this 
state  any  sudden  exertion  may  prove  fatal. 
ERETHISMA,  Rubefacient. 
ERETHISMUS, Erethism,  Irritation— e.  Ebrio- 
sorum,  Delirium  tremens  —  e.  Hydrophobia,  Hy- 
drophobia— e.  Oneirodynia,  Incubus,  Paroniria — 
e.  Simplex,  Fidgets. 


ERETHISTICITS,  Erethiticus,  Rubefacient. 
ERETHIT'IC,  Erethifics,  Ercthin' tints.  Be- 
longing or  relating  to  erethism — as  "cretbitio 
phenomena,"  or  phenomena  of  irritation. 
ERETJSME,  Erethism. 
EREUGMOS,  Eructation. 
EREUXIS,  Eructation,  Flatulence. 
ERGASMA,  Myrrha. 
ERGASTERION  SPIRITUS,  Pulmo. 
ERGASTERIUM,  Laboratory. 
ERGOT,  (F.)  Ergot,  'a  spur.'  Er'gota,  Seca'li 
cornii'tum  seu  mater'miin  seu  tiir'gidiim  seu  temu- 
lent'nm  seu  luxn'rians  seu  tlava'tiuit,  Clams  Kern- 
li'nus  seu  seca'Us  seu  Silig" iiiis,  Spcrmue'ilia 
clavus,  Ifciler  seca'Us,  Calear,  Seca'Us  mater,  i't. 
tila'go,  Frnmen'ium  cornii'tum  seu  coriiieula'tiim 
seu  luxn'rians  seu  tur'gidian  seu  tcniuleii'tum, 
Brizoc'eras  [?],  Melatiophi/'ma,  Spurred  or  Iloriicd 
Rye,  Spur,  Hornseed,  Cochspur  Rye,  Cdchxjuir, 
(F.)  Seigle  ergote  ou  coruu  ou  corrompu  ou  il 
Eperon  ou  Ergotise,  Ble  coruu.  Ergot  ou  clou  ou 
rucre  de  seigle,  Bled  avorte  ou  farouche,  Fanx 
seigle.  Ergot  is  generally  considered  to  be  the 
result  of  a  disease  in  rye,  occurring  most  fre- 
quently when  a  hot  summer  succeeds  a  rainy 
spring.  Deeandolle,  however,  regards  it  as  a 
parasitic  fungus,  and  calls  it  Sclero'tium  davits; 
whilst  Leveille  esteems  it  to  be  a  fungus  giving 
a  coating  to  the  diseased  grain;  the  medical  vir- 
tues residing  in  the  coating.  This  parasitic 
fungus  he  calls  Sphace'Un  seg"etum.  More  re- 
cently, it  has  been  maintained,  that  it  is  a  dis- 
eased state  of  the  grain  occasioned  by  the  growth 
of  a  fungus  not  previously  detected,  to  which  the 
names  Ergota'tia  abortans  seu  ahortifa'ciens,  O'i- 
dium  al/orti/a'cieus.  Ergot-mould,  have  been  given. 
It  is  found  projecting  from  among  the  leaves  of 
the  spike  or  ear,  and  is  a  long,  crooked  excres- 
cence, resembling  the  spur  of  a  cock,  pointed  at 
its  extremities,  of  a  dark  brown  colour  externally, 
and  white  within. 

This  substance  has  been  long  used  in  Germany 
to  act  on  the  uterus,  as  its  names  Mutterkorn 
and  Gebarpulver  ('womb-grain,'  ptdvis  par- 
turieus,  pulvis  ad  partum)  testify.  Upwards  of 
forty  years  ago,  it  was  recommended  in  this 
country,  by  Dr.  John  Stearns,  of  Saratoga  County, 
New  York,  for  accelerating  parturition  ;  and  since 
that  period,  numerous  testimonials  have  been 
off'ered  in  its  favour.  Half  a  drachm  of  the 
powder  is  gently  boiled  in  half  a  pint  of  water, 
and  one-third  part  given  every  20  minutes,  until 
proper  pains  begin.  Some  recommend  the  clear 
watery  infusion  ;  others  advise  the  powder;  others 
the  oil;  and  others  the  wine.  It  is  obvious  that, 
in  many  cases,  the  uterine  efforts  would  return  in 
the  period  which  would  necessarily  elapse  in  the 
administration  of  ergot;  so  that  several  of  the 
cases,  at  least,  of  reputed  efiicacy,  may  not  have 
been  dependent  upon  the  assigned  agent.  Ergot 
also  possesses,  it  is  affirmed,  narcotic  virtues, 
which  have  rendered  it  useful  in  hemorrhagic 
and  other  affections  of  excitement. 

Bread,  made  of  spurred  rye,  has  been  attended 
with  the  effects  described  under  Ergotism. 

ERGOT,  Hippocampus  minor  —  e.  de  Sei'jh, 
Ergot. 

ERGOT-MOULD,  see  Ergot. 
ERGOTA,  Ergot. 

ERGOTtETIA  ABORTANS,  see  Ergot  — e. 
Abortifaeiens,  see  Ergot. 

ER'GOTIN,  Extrac'tum  Er'gota,  Ertrnrt  nf 
Ergot,  (F.)  Ergotiue,  Exfrait  lirmostatiifie  de 
Bonjean.  The  extract  of  ergot  has  been  found 
an  excellent  hemastatic  in  the  dose  of  two  grnins 
several  times  a  day.  It  has  also  been  used  ex- 
ternally. 
ERGOTINE,  Ergotin. 


ERGOTISM 


851 


ERUPTION 


ER'QOTISM,  ErgntWmu*,  from  ergota,  'ergot' 
Miirbnn  cere.fi'iia.  Poisoning  by  ergot.  An  affec- 
tion produced  by  the  use  of  spurred  rye.  At 
times,  the  gyuiptoms  are  limited  to  vertigo, 
spasms,  and  convulsions.  See  ConvuLsio  cerealis. 
Most  commonly,  there  is  torpor  with  numbness 
of  the  .hands  and  feet,  which  waste  away,  lose 
Bensati<m  and  the  power  of  motion,  and  separate 
from  the  body  by  dry  gangrene, —  Rrf/ntis'iniis 
Sphncelit'Kua,  Sphnc"elns  cerea'lin,  Necio'aia  ce- 
rea'lh,  OnugrcB'iin  ttntilae/in'ea,  Necronis  nstila- 
gin'ea,  Erijot  or  Mildew  mortification,  (F.)  Ergo- 
limne  gnugreneux,  Gangrene  des  Solo7ioi»,  Mai  de 
l^u/ogiie. 

ERGOriSME  CONVULSIVE,  Convulsio  ce- 
realis. 

ERGOTISMUS,  Ergotism  — e.  Spasmodicus, 
Convulsio  cerealis  —  e.  Sphacelosus,  Ergotism. 

ERI'CA  VULGA'RIS,  Calln'na  vnlgn'ris  seu 
Eri'cn,  Common  Heath,  (Sc.)  I/c/ilher,  (F.)  Urut/ere 
vit/gnire.  This  has  been  regarded  as  diuretic  and 
diaphoretic. 

ERKJERON  AMBIGUUM,  E.  Philadelphicum 
— e.  Annuura,  see  E.  Canadense. 

ERr(}"KRON  BELLIDIFO'LIUM,  liohin'e 
plantain,  Romj  Bcltij,  (r/inycpuv,  from  rip,  'spring,' 
and  ycfiwv,  'an  old  man  ;'  owing  to  the  hoary 
appearance  of  some  of  the  vernal  species.)  An. 
indigenous  plant  of  the  Coinposite/f/)Hi7// ;  flower- 
ing in  May.  It  is  said  to  possess  properties  like 
those  of  E.  Philadelphicum. 

EuiGlCRON  Canapkn'se,  Can'adn  Fleahnne, 
Prideweed,  Horeeioeed,  Bntterweed,  is  considered 
to  be  allied  in  properties  to  E.  Philadelphicum;and 
the  same  may  be  said  of  Erigeron  Heterophil" bim. 
E.  unnnnm.  Sweet  Sca'bious  or  varioiix-leaved 
Fleabnne ;  all  of  which  are  in  the  secondary  list 
of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States. 

Ekigkuon  HKTEitopiiVLi.uM,  sec  E.  Canadense 
— e.  Integrifoliura,  E.  Philadelphicum. 

Eiiig"kron  PHiLADKL'PHictiM,  E.  strigo'nnm 
sen  amhlg'nnm  sou  interirifo'linni,  Srabioiia,  Ske- 
r!»ch,  Philadelphia  or  Skevinch  or  Narroic-l caved 
Flen-Bane,  Daini/,  Cocash,  Frostweed,  Ficldweed, 
Sqnaw-weed,  (F.)  Vergerette  de  Philadelphie. 
The  plant  has  been  used  in  decoction  or  infusion 
for  gouty  and  gravelly  complaints,  and  is  said 
to  operate  powerfully  as  a  diuretic  and  sudorific. 
The  essential  oil  has  been  given  in  uterine  he- 
morrhage.    Dose,  five  drops. 

Erigeron  Strigosum,  E.  Philadelphicum, 

ERIGERUM,  Senecio. 

illlGNE,  Hook. 

tRINE,  Hook. 

ERIOCEPH'ALUS  UMRELLULA'TUS,  Wild 
Romi'mary.  A  South  African  shrub,  Ord.  Com- 
positiv,  which  is  diuretic,  and  used  by  the  farmers 
and  Hottentots  in  various  forms  of  dropsy. 

ERIOSPERM'UM  LATIFO'LTUM.  A  South 
African  plant,  the  tuber  of  which  is  muculent, 
and  used  externally  in  abrasions  of  the  skin,  and 
in  superficial  ulcers.  It  is  also  employed  by  the 
Mohammedans,  in  decoction,  in  amcnorrhoea. 

ERIX,  f^if.  This  word  signifies,  in  Galen,  the 
upper  part  of  the  liver. 

EROUENS,  Caustic. 

ERODIUM  MOSCHATUM,  Geranium  mos- 
chiitum. 

ERO.MAXTA,  Erotomania. 

ERON'OSUS,  £'ro»u'«os,  from  r\p,  'spring,' and 
voffoj  or  vov<so%,  'disease.'  A  disease  which  ap- 
pears chieHy  in  spring. 

EROS.  Love. 

EROSIO,  Corrosion  —  e.  et  Perforatio  sponta- 
nea Ventriculi,  Gastromalncia, 

ERO'SION,  Ero'nio,  Diahro'tit,  Anahro'sis, 
Corro'tion.  from  emdere,  erosiim,  (e,  and  rodere,) 
'to  eat  away.'     The  action   of  a  corrosive  sub- 


stance, or  the  gradual  destruction  of  a  part  by  a 
substance  of  that  kind.  It  is  often  einpltiyed  in 
the  same  sense  as  ulceration, — xpotitauconH  croxion. 

Erosion,  Gangrenous,  ok  the  Cheek,  Cancer 
aquaticus. 

EROT'IC,  Ero'ticns,  from  cpw;,  cpoiTos,  'love.' 
That  which  is  produced  by  love — as  Erotic  mv- 
lancholy,  E.  delirium,  &c. 

EROTICOMANIA,  Erotomania. 

EROTION,  Melissa. 

EROTOMA'NIA,  Eroma'nia,  Ma'nia  erot'ica, 
from  epiiis,  tpuros,  'love,' and  navia,  'mania.'  A 
species  of  mental  alienation  caused  by  love.  Ero- 
tic melancholij  is  Lore  melancho/i/.  Some  authors 
write  it  Erol'ieo-mania.     Also,  Nymphomania. 

ERPES,  Herpes. 

ERRABUXDUS,  Planetes. 

ERRAT'IC,  Errat' ieuH,  Atac'toH,  At'ypog  ;  from 
errare,  erratum,  'to  err.'  Wandering,  irregular. 
That  which  disafiijcars  and  recurs  at  irregular 
intervals.  This  name  is  given  to  intenuittents, 
Febres  errat'iccB,  which  observe  no  ty|)e.  Most 
commonly,  it  is  applied  to  pains  or  to  any  dis- 
eased manifestations  which  are  not  fixed,  but 
move  from  qne  part  to  another,  as  in  gout,  rheu- 
matism, ervsipelas,  <tc. 

ERREf'R  DE  LIEU,  Error  loci. 

ER'RHINE,  Errhi'niim  or  Er'rhinum,  Sternn~ 
tato'rium,  Ster'nutatori/,  Ptar'mictim,  Apnphleg- 
mafiaans  per  nares,  Naxa'le,  from  tv,  'in,'  and 
piv,  'the  nose.'  A  remedy  whose  action  is  ex- 
erted on  the  Schneiderian  membrane,  exciting 
sneezing  and  increased  discharge.  Errhincs  have 
been  mainly  used  as  local  stimulants  in  head 
affections.  The  chief  are:  Asari  Folia,  Euphor- 
biiB  gummi-resina,  Hydrargyri  sulphas  fluvus, 
Tabacum,  and  Veratrum  album. 

ERRHINUM,  Sternutatory. 

ER'RHYSIS,  from  tv,  'in,'  and  ptu,  'I  flow.' 
With  some,  a  draining  of  blood.  A  trifling  he- 
morrhage. 

ERROR  LOCI,  Apoplane'nis,  (F.J  Errenr  de 
Lien.  A  term,  frequently  used  by  Boerhaave  to 
express  deviation  of  fluids,  when  they  enter  ves- 
sels not  destined  for  them.  Boeihaave  admitted 
several  orders  of  capillary  vessels,  the  diameters 
of  which  went  on  decreasing.  The  largest  re- 
ceived red  blood,  those  which  came  next  re- 
ceived only  white,  others  only  lymph,  whilst  the 
lastof  iill  were  destined  for  yet  more  subtle  fluids 
— for  a  kind  of  vapour.  When  the  red  globules 
entered  vessels  destined  for  the  white,  or  the 
white  those  intended  for  the  thinner  fluids,  there 
was,  according  to  the  theory  of  Boerhaave,  an 
error  loci,  the  proximate  cause  of  inflammation 
and  other  mischiefs.     See  Aberration. 

ERUCA,  Brassica  eruca,  Sinapis — e.  Barbarea, 
Erysimum  barbarea — e.  Foetida,  Brassica  eruca — ■ 
e.  Sativa,  Brassica  ernca. 

ERUCTA'TION,  Bncta'tio,  Ereug'mun,  Er'yge, 
Eriicta'  tin,  Jinctui,  liui-ta'  men,  linctna'  tio, 
Erenx'is,  Restagna'tio,  (Old.  Eng.)  Bolke,  Donffe, 
Belke,  (Sc.)  Boding,  Bokhing,  limhing.  Rift, 
(Prov.)  Kelking,  Baxping,  Rosping,  Riring,  Rnft 
(N.  of  England)  ;  from  crnelare,  erncla'tnm,  (e, 
and  rnctare,  'to  belch.')  Belching,  (F.)  Rot, 
Rapport.  A  sonorous  emission,  by  the  mouth, 
of  flatus  proceeding  from  the  stomach.  When  so 
fre(]uent  as  to  occasion  a  diseased  condition,  this 
is  termed  Rnrtno'sitnn,  Morbus  ruct)to'iiuii. 

ERUGATORIA,  Tetanothra. 

ER  UGLVEUX,  iEruginous. 

ERUPTIO.  Eruption— e.  Exanthematis,  Epa- 
nastasis — e.  Sanguinis.  Haeniorrhagia. 

EB.VP'TIO'S ^  Erup'tio.  from  emmpere,  ernp- 
tum.  (e,  and  rnmpere.)  'to  issue  with  violence,' 
'to  break  out,'  This  word  has  several  meanings. 
1.  The  sudden  and  copious  evacuation  of  any  fluid 
from  a  canal  or  cavity — of  serum,  blood,  pus,  &c., 


J^'  R  UP  TION  A  X 0 MA  L  E 


8  5  2 


ERYTHEMA 


for  example ;  2.  The  breaking  out  of  an  exan- 
them ;  and,  3.  the  exantheiu  itsejf,  whether 
simply  in  the  form  of  a  rash,  or  of  pustules, 
vesicles,  Ac. 

ERUPTrON  ANOMALE,  Roseolae  — e.  Ro- 
sace, RoseoljB — e.  Violet,  lonthus. 

ERUP'TIVE,  Erupti'vita.  Same  etymon  as 
Eruption.  Tliat  which  is  accompanied  by  an  erup- 
tion. Thus  small-pox,  measles,  scarlet  fever,  mili- 
aria, (fee  are  eruptive  fevem.  The  term  eniptive  dis- 
ease is  nearly  synonymous  with  cutaneous  disease. 
ERVA  DE  SANCTA  MARIA,  Arum  Dracuu- 
culus — e.  do  Halo,  Palieourea  Marcgraavii. 
ERVALKNTA,  see  Ervum. 

ERVUM,  E.  Ervil'ia,  E.  plica'tum,  Vic"ia  er- 
vil'ia,  Or'ohiis,  (F.)  LentiUc  Ers  ou  Orobe.  In 
times  of  scarcity,  the  seeds  have  been  made  into 
bread,  but  it  is  said  not  to  be  wholesome.  The 
meal  was  once  much  used  in  poultices:  it  was  for- 
merly called  Oroh'ion,  opo(Siov.  Under  the  name 
Ervalent'a,  a  secret  dietetic  preparation  has  been 
introduced.  It  is  a  vegetable  powder,  which, 
when  mixed  with  milk  and  soup  and  taken  night 
and  morning,  is  said  to  have  succeeded  in  remo- 
ving old  and  obstinate  obstructions  !  Buchner 
thinks  it  is  bean -meal,  Ditterich,  the  meal  of  the 
seed  of  Ervum  Ervilia. — Aschenhrcnner. 

A  specimen  of  Warton's  Ercnleiita,  obtained  at 
the  depot,  and  analyzed  by  Dr.  Ilassall,  was  found 
to  contain  a  mixture  of  the  French  and  German 
lentil,  reduced  to  powder,  including  portions  of 
the  shells  or  husks,  and  of  a  substance  very 
closely  resembling,  in  its  microscopic  characters, 
corn  meal.  A  sample  of  Du  Barry's  lieixden'tn 
Arah'icn  was  found  to  consist  of  a  mixture  of  the 
Egyptian  or  Arabian  lentil  and  barley  meal. 

ErtvuM  Euvii.iA,  Ervum. 

Ekvum  Lens,  Cicer  Lena, Lens escnlen'ta,Plincos, 
the  Lenfil,  (F.)  LentiUe.  The  seed,  Phace,  Pha'- 
cea,  Plincna,  is  eaten  in  many  places  like  peas: 
they  are  flatulent  and  diSicult  of  digestion. 

Ervum  Plicatum,  Ervum. 

ERYOE,  Eructation. 

ERYNGIUM,  Hpvyytov,  Upvyyos,  see  E.  Aquat- 
icum. 

Eryn'gium  kciv \.T:'icv!M,E.  yuecrp/o'linm.  Water 
Eryn'go,  Button  Snake  Root.  Order,  Umbelliferaj. 
This  root,  Enjn'gium,  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  is  nearly  allied 
to  the  eontrayerva  of  the  shops,  and  acts  more 
especially  as  a  sudorific.  It  is  a  secondary  article 
in  the  Pharm.  U.  S. 

EnVNGlUM  Campes'tre,  E.  vulgn're,  Centum 
Cap'ita,  Lyrin'gium,  Aster  inquina'lis,  Capit' n- 
htm  Mortis,  Acns  Ven'eris,  (F.)  Panicant,  Char- 
don-Rolond,  is  sometimes  used  for  E.  maritimum. 

Eryngium  FaETiDU>f;  indigenous,  is  said  to 
possess  properties  like  those  of  valerian  and  eon- 
trayerva. 

Eryngium  Martt'imum  seu  Mari'num.  The 
Sea  Hoil'i  or  Eryngo,  jEthe' rea  Herbn,  (F.)  Pa- 
nicant  Maritime.  Eryngo  root  has  a  slightly  aro- 
matic odour,  and  sweetish  and  warm  taste.  It  is 
considered  to  be  diuretic  and  expectorant,  but  its 
powers  are  so  weak,  that  it  is  scarcely  ever  used. 

Eryngium  Vulgare,  E.  Campestre — e.  Yuccae- 
folium,  E.  aquaticum. 

ERYNGO,  SEA,  Eryngium  maritimum  —  e. 
Water,  Ervn^ium  aquaticum. 

ERYS'IMUM,  E.  officinale,  from  epuu,  'to 
draw,'  from  its  power  of  raising  blisters.  Sisym'- 
hrinm  officina'le,  Chamcr.' plion.  Hedge-mustard, 
(F.)  Velar,  Tortelle,  Herbe  aii.c  Chantres.  This 
was,  formerly,  much  used  for  its  expectorant  and 
diuretic  qualities.  The  seeds  greatly  resemble 
mustard. 

Erysimum  Alliaria,  Alliaria. 

Erysimum  Barbare'a,  E.  lyra'tnm,  Ar'nhis 
harhare'a,  Sixymbrinm  barbare'a,  Eru'ca  barba- 
re'a, Barbare'a,  B.  stric'ta,  (F.)  Ilerbe  de  Sainte 


Barbe,  has  been  ranked  amongst  the  antiscor- 
butic plants.     See  Alliaria. 

Erysimum  CoRniFOLiUM,  Alliaria — e.  Lyratum, 
E.  barbarea. 

ERYSIPELA'CEA.  S.ame  etymon  as  the  next. 
A  family  of  eruptive  diseases,  comprising  erysi- 
pelas, variola,  rubeola,  and  scarlatina. 

ERYSIP'ELAS,  from  epvu,  'I  draw  in,'  and 
TTtAuf,  '  near,'  from  its  tendency  to  spread.  Fvhris 
erysipeliito'sa  seu  erysipela'cea,  Erylliroji'ipn^ 
Em'pli/yxis  Erysip'elas,  St.  Antliony's  fue,  Wild- 
fire.  Ignis  Sancti  Anto'nii  seu  Voliiiii>l'la>  .«i>u 
Sacer,  Hieropyr,  Icterit"ia  rvbra.  Rose,  Jinbert 
icteriVin,  Yicinitra'ha,  Vicinitrac'tiis,  Jtnniiis, 
Lugdus,  (F.)  Erysijti^le,  Erfsipele,  Fen  St.  An. 
toine,  Feu  eacri,  Mai  Saint  Antoine.  A  disease, 
so  called  because  it  generally  extends  gradually 
to  the  neighbouring  parts.  Superficial  iiiflamuin- 
tion  of  the  skin,  with  general  fever,  tension  and 
swelling  of  the  part;  pain  and  heat  more  or  less 
acrid  ;  redness  diffused,  but  more  or  less  circum- 
scribed, and  disaj)pearing  when  pressed  upon  by 
the  finger,  but  returning  as  soon  as  the  pressure 
is  removed.  Frequently,  small  vesicles  aii|)car 
upon  the  inflamed  part,  which  dry  up  and  fall 
off,  under  the  form  of  branny  scales.  Erysipelas 
is,  generally,  an  acute  affection  :  its  medium  du- 
ration being  from  10  to  It  days.  It  yields,  com- 
monly, to  general  refrigerant  remedies.  Topical 
applications  are  rarely  serviceable.  At  times, 
when  the  disease  approaches  the  phlegmonous 
character,  copious  bleeding  and  other  evacuants 
may  be  required,  as  in  many  cases  of  erysipelas 
of  the  face ;  but  this  is  not  commonly  necessary. 
In  most  cases,  indeed,  the  gener.al  action  seems 
deficient,  and  it  becomes  necessary  to  give  tonics. 

When  erysipelas  is  of  a  highly  inflammatory 
character,  and  invades  the  parts  beneath,  it  is 
termed  Erysip'elas  phlegmono'des,  (F.)  Erysipite 
phlegmoneujc :  when  accompanied  with  phlye- 
tenae,  and  the  inflafnmation  terminates  in  gan- 
grene, Erysip'elas  gangrmno'sum,  (F.)  Erysiplle 
gangreneux ;  and  when  associated  with  infiltra- 
tion of  serum,  Erysip'elas  cedamato'sum,  (¥.)Ery- 
sijyele  (fdamiitetix. 

At  times,  the  surface  in  erysipelashas  a  bronzed 
rather  than  a  red  hue — bronzed  erysipelas. 

Erysipelas,  Bronzed,  see  Erysipelas — e.  Gan- 
graenosum,  see  Erysipelas — e.  Qideinato.«ura,  see 
Erysipelas — e.  Phlegmonodes,  see  Erysipelas — e. 
Periodica  nervosa  chronica.  Pellagra — e.  Plilyc- 
tenoides,  Herpes  zoster  —  e.  Pustulosa,  Herpes 
zoster — e.  Zoster,  Herpes  zoster. 

ERYSIPELATODES,  Erysipelatous. 

ERYSIPEL'ATOUS,  Erysipelato'des,  Eryti- 
pelato'sHs.  Belonging  to  erysipelas ;  as  an  ery- 
sipeV atous  affection. 

Erysipel'atous  Inflammation.  Infnmm'atio 
erysipelato'sa,  Epiphlogis'ma,  Cnti'tis,  Dcrmnli'- 
tis,  is  the  character  of  inflammation  which  distin- 
guishes erysipelas,  Erythe'ma  erysipehtto'snm. 

ERYSIPELE,  Erysipelas  — c.  Ambnhntt,  fffi 
Ambulant  —  S.  Gangreneux,  see  Erysipelas  —  i. 
(Edemateux,  see  Erysipelas — e.  Phlegmonenx,  see 
Erysipelas  —  f.  Serpiijineux,  see  Serpiginous — (• 
Pustiileux,  Herpes  zoster. 

ERYSOS.  Erythema. 

ERYTHE'MA,  from  tpuBpaioi,  cpvOpo;,  'red,rnse- 
coloured,'  cpvOaivio,  'to  redden.'  Inflammatory  blush, 
Erythre'ma,  (F.)  Erytheme.  This  name  is.  some- 
times, given  to  erysipelas,  especially  when  of  alocal 
character.  It  is,  also,  applied  to  the  morbid  redness 
on  the  cheeks  of  the  hectic,  and  on  the  skin  cover- 
ing bubo,  phlegmon,  &c.  It  forms  the  6th  genus  of 
the  .3d  order.  Exanthemata,  of  Batoinan's  classi- 
fication of  cutaneous  diseases  ;  and  is  defined,  'a 
nearly  continuous  redness  of  some  portion  of  th* 
skin,  attended  with  disorder  of  the  consUtutioni 


ERYTHEMATOUS 


3  53 


ESOTERIC 


but  not  contngious.'  Many  varieties  are  described 
by  dermatologist?,  —  for  example,  E.  interti-i'f/o, 
E.  /iif/<'-r,  E.  papula' turn,  E.  tubercxda' turn,  E. 
nodo'xum,  E.  lave,  E.  centrif'tigum,  E.  margina'- 
lum,  and  E.  acrixlyu'ia. 

EitVTiiKMA  AcitoDYNiA,  Acrodynum  —  e.  Ana- 
bustio,  I'urn — c.  Anthrax,  Anthrax. 

Erytiho'ma  Centrif'ugum.  A  variety  of  ery- 
thema attacking  the  face,  commencing  with  a 
small  red  spot,  and  spreading  around,  so  as,  at 
times,  to  affect  the  whole  face. 

EiiYTiiKMA  Endemicum,  Pellagra  —  e.  a  Fri- 
gore,  Chilblain. 

ERyriiE'.MA  FuGAX.  Patches  of  erythema, 
that  sometimes  appear  on  the  body  in  febrile  dis- 
eases, teething  children,  Ac,  and  which  are  of 
brief  duration. 

EuYTHKMA  GANGRy*:N0Susr,  Anthrax — e.  Icho- 
rosum,Eczemamercuriale-e.  Intertrigo,  Chafing. 
Euythe'ma  Lteve,  (F.)  EnjtMme  leger.    Slight 
erythema  affecting  the  skin,  as  in  oedema. 

Erythe'ma  MAUGINA'TU^f,  (F.)  Erytheme  mar- 
ginal. A  form  in  which  the  prominent  patches 
of  erythema  are  distinctly  separated  from  the 
skin  at  their  margins. 
Erythema  Meiicuriale,  Eczema  mercuriale. 
Erythe'ma  Nodo'sum,  (F.)  Erytheme  noneux. 
A  more  severe  form  of  Erythema  tuberculatum. 

Erythe'ma  Papula'tum,  (F.)  Erytheme  papu- 
leiic.  Patches  of  erythema,  which  are  at  first  pa- 
pulated,  appearing  on  the  face,  neck,  breast,  <fec., 
of  females,  and  young  persons  more  especially. 

Erythema  Pellagrum,  Pellagra  —  e.  Pernio, 
Chilblain. 

Erythe'ma  Sola're.  A  name  given  by  the 
Italians  to  Pellagra,  owing  to  its  being  attended 
with  an  eruption  of  small  red  spots  or  patches  on 
the  parts  that  are  exposed  to  the  sun. 

Erythe'ma  Tubercula'tum,  E.  titbercido'sum, 
(F.)  Erytheme  tiiberculeitx.  A  form  of  erythema 
in  whicii  tlie  patches  are  in  small  lumps. 

ERYTIIKM'ATOUS,  Erythemnt'ic,  Erythema- 
to'aua,  Erythemut'icna,  (F.)  Erythdmateux.  Ap- 
pertaining or  relating  to  Erythema. 

ERYTHEME,  Erytliema— ^.  Leqer,  Erythe- 
ma laove — e.  ytarginal.  Erythema  marginatum — 
t.  Noneux,  Erythema  nodosum — e.  I'apulcnx, 
Erythema  papulatum — e.  Tuhercxdeux,  Erythema 
tuberculatum. 

ERYTllRvEA  CENTAURIUM,  Chironia  cen- 
taurium— e.   Chilensis,    Canchalagua,    Chironia 
Chilensis. 
ERYTIIR.TlMrA,  Plethora. 

ERYTIIRAN'CIIE,      Augi'na     erym'pelato'sn, 
from  tfvOpoi,  '  red,'  and  ay^w,  '  I  suffocate.'    Ery- 
sipelatous or  erythematous  sore  throat. 
ERYTIIREMA,  Erythema. 
ERYTIIRINA  MONOSPERMA,  Butea  fron- 
dosa. 

ERYTIIROriKERAS.  Cynanche  parotidcea. 

ERYTIIHODANUM.  Rubia. 

E  R '  Y  T II  R  0 1 D,  Erythro'des,  Erythroi'des. 
Reddish. 

ERYTHROin  Coat,  Tu'nica  erythro'des.  Vagi- 
nal coat  of  the  testis. 

Er'ythroid  Ves'icle,  Vcsio'ula  Erythroi'dea. 
A  vesicle  of  the  fwtus  described  by  Pockels  and 
others.  It  is  pyriforra,  and  much  longer  than, 
ftlthough  of  the  same  breadth  as,  the  umbilical 
vesicle.  Velpeau,  Weber,  and  others,  doubt  its 
being  a  phvsiolnirioal  condition. 

ERYTHRONIUM,  E.  Americanum. 

EuvTHRo'NnrM  America'num,  E.  flavnm  seu 
oeiu  canix?.c\x  lanceoln'tum  seu  longifo'linm,  Com- 
mon Erythro'niiim,  (from  epv9,)0i,  'red,'  which 
does  not,  however,  apply  to  the  American  species,) 
irllow  iSnalce-leaf,  Yellow  Adder's  tongue,  Adde'r- 
Itaf,  Dog  vi'olet',  Bogs  tooth  violet,  Jiattlesnake 


vi'olef,  Lamb's  tongue,  Serof ula  mot.  Yellow 
Snowdrop.  Ord.  Liliaceae.  This  plant  is  pos- 
sessed of  emetic  properties,  but  is  rarely,  if  ever, 
used.  The  root  and  herb,  Erythro'nium,  (Ph. 
U.  S.,)  are  in  the  secondary  list  of  the  Pharma- 
copoeia of  the  United  States. 

Erythhonium  Dens  Canis,  E.  Americanum  — 
e.  Flavum,  E.  Americanum — e.  Lanccolatum,  E. 
Americanum — e.  Longifolium,  E.  Americanum. 

ERYTHROPHLEUM  JUDICIALE,  Sassy- 
bark  tree. 

ERYTIIROPYRA,  Erysipelas. 

ERYTHRORRIIIZA  ROTUNDIFOLIA,  Ga- 
lax aphylla. 

ERYTHROSIS,  Plethora. 

ES'APHE,  from  cowpuu,,  {ua,  and a^ato,  'I  feel,') 
'I  feel  inside,'  (F.)  Le  Toucher,  Le  Toucher  vagi- 
nal. The  introduction  of  a  finger  or  fingers  into 
the  vagina,  for  the  purpose  of  examining  the 
condition  of  the  uterus.  It  is  employed  to  verify 
the  existence  or  non-existence  of  pregnancy  and 
its  different  stages  ;  to  detect  certain  affections  or 
faults  of  conformation  in  the  genital  organs  and 
pelvis  ;  and,  during  the  process  of  accouchement, 
to  examine  into  the  progress  of  labour,  &g. 

ESCA,  Aliment. 

ESCARA,  Eschar. 

ESC  ARGOT,  Helix  pomatia,  Limax. 

ESCHALOTTE,  Echalotte. 

ESCHAR,  Es'chara,  lax^pn,  (Old  Eng.)  Asker, 
a  slough,  a  crust  or  scab.  The  crust  or  disor- 
ganized portion,  arising  from  the  mortification  of 
a,  part,  and  which  is  distinguishable  from  the 
living  parts  by  its  colour,  consistence,  and  other 
physical  properties.  The  inflammation  which  it 
excites  in  the  contiguous  parts,  gives  occasion  to 
a  secretion  of  pus  between  the  living  and  dead 
parts,  which  ultimately  completely  separates  the 
latter. 

ESCHARA,  Vulva. 

ESCHAROT'IC,  Escharot'icum,  from  taxaf.a, 
'eschar.'  Any  substance,  which,  when  applied 
upon  a  living  part,  gives  rise  to  an  eschar,  sucli 
as  caustic  j'l^lassa :  the  concentrated  mineral 
acids,  Ac. 

Escfiarotic  Poison,  sec  Poison. 

ESCHELLOIIE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
This  water  rises  at  the  foot  of  a  mountain  near 
the  convent  of  Etal  in  Bavaria.  It  is  a  sulphuro- 
saline. 

ESCHID'NA  OCELLA'TA.  A  very  poisonous 
viper,  which  inhabits  the  sugar-cane  fields  of 
Peru.     Its  bite  is  almost  instantaneously  fatal. 

ESCORZONERA.  Seorzonera. 

ESCREV/SSE,  Crab. 

ESCULAPIAN,  Medical. 

ES'CULENT,  Esculen'tus,  Ed'ihle,  Eat'aUe, 
Ciba'rions,  from  esca,  'food.'  (F.)  Comestible. 
Such  plants  or  such  parts  of  plants  or  animals  as 
may  be  eaten  for  food. 

ESERE,  Ordeal  nut. 

ESKIN,  Singultus. 

ESO,  £<Tu),  'within.'  A  prefix  which  signifies 
an  affection  of  an  internal  part ;  as  Esotnteri'H^, 
inflammation  of  the  inner  membrane  of  the  intes- 
tines:—  Esogastri'tis,  inflammation  of  the  inner 
membrane  of  the  stomach,  <tc. 

ESOCHAS,  Esoche. 

ES'OCHE,  Es'ochas.  A  tumour — as  a  hemor- 
rhoid— within  the  anus. 

ESOCOLITIS,  Dysentery. 

ESODIC,  Afferent. 

ESOKNTERITIS,  see  Enteritis. 

ESOOASTRITIS,  Endogastritis. 

ESOTER'IC,  to-urfpof,  'interior,'  from  taia, 
'within.'  Private;  interior:  in  contradistinction 
to  Exoter'ic,  public,  exterior.  Hence,  we  speak 
of  '  esoteric  and  exoteric  causes  of  disease.' 


ESOTERISM 


i'TAGE 


ES'OTERISM,  MED'ICAL.  Same  etymon  as 
Esoteric.  A  term  used  b.v  M.  Simon,  in  his  De- 
outologic  medicnle,  for  that  esotery,  or  mystery 
iind  secresy,  with  which  the  practitioner  performs 
his  daily  duties,  and  which,  he  conceives,  he  is 
compelled  to  adopt  by  the  prejudices  and  igno- 
rance of  his  patients. 

ESP  ACES  INTERCOSTAUX,  see  Costa. 

ESPECES,  Species,  see  Pulvis  — e.  Pulvirv- 
lentes,  sc  Pulvis. 

ESPECES  VULX£liAIRES,  Falltranck. 

ESPIILA'SIS.  from  eg,  us,  '  inwards,'  and  ^Xau, 
'I  brenk,  bruise,'  <fec.  A  fracture  of  the  skull  by 
comminution,  the  fragments  being  depressed. 
See  Depression,  and  Enthlasis. 

ESPRIT,  Spirit  —  e.  d'Ammoniaque,  Spiritus 
ammonise — e.  d'Anis,  Spiritus  anisi — e.  de  Bois, 
Spiritus  Pyroxylieus — e.  de  Camphre,  Spiritus 
camphorse — e.  de  Cannelle,  Spiritus  cinnamomi — 
e.  de  Carvi,  Spiritus  carui — e.  d' Ether  Sulfurique, 
Spiritus  astheris  sulphuric!  compositus — e.  de  Ge- 
nienre  compose,  Spiritus  juniperi  compositus — e. 
d'lvn,  Achillea  moschata — e.  de  Laimnde,  Spiritus 
lavandulag  —  e.  de  Lavande  compose,  Spiritus 
lavandulffi  compositus  —  e.  de  3fenthe  poivie, 
Spiritus  raenthaj  piperitae — e.  de  3fiiscade,  Spiri- 
tus myristicse — e.  de  Pouliot,  Spiritus  pulegii — e. 
Pyroxylique,  Spiritus  pyroxylieus  —  e.  de  Rai- 
fort  compose,  Spiritus  armoraciffi  compositus — e. 
de  Romnriii,  Spiritus  rosmarini — e.  de  Vin  delnye, 
Spiritus  tenuior — e.  de  Vin  rectifie,  Spiritus  rec- 
tificatus. 

ESPRITS  ANIMAUX,  Nervous  fluid. 

ESQUILLE,  Splinter. 

ESQUINANCIE,  Cynanche,  Cynanche  ton- 
sillaris. 

ESQUTNE,  Smilax  China. 

ES'SENCE,  Essen'tia,  corrupted  from  extsten- 
ti'a,  'standing  out,'  [?]  or,  from  esse,  'to  be.'  By 
some,  used  synonymously  with  volatile  oil;  by 
others,  with  simple  tincture.  The  oil  of  pepper- 
mint is  the  oil  obtained  by  distillation ;  the 
essence,  the  oil  diluted  with  spirit.  See  Tinetura 
olci  menthsE. 

EssKNCE  OF  Anise,  Essentia  anisi — e.  of  Bar- 
dana.  Hill's,  Tincturi  guaiaci  ammoniata — e.  of 
Caraway,  Essentia  Carui^e.  of  Cinnamon,  Essen- 
tia Cinnamomi — e.  of  Coltsfoot,  see  Tinetura  ben- 
zoini  composita — e.  of  Fennel,  Essentia  Foeniculi 
—  e.  of  Musk,  Tinetura  moschi  —  e.  of  Mustard 
Pills,  Whitehead's,  see  Sinapis  —  e.  of  Mustard, 
AVhitehead's,  see  Sinapis  —  e.  of  Pennyroyal, 
Essentia  mentha9  pulegii — e.  of  Peppermint,  Tine- 
tura olei  menthae  piperitae — e.  of  Pimento,  Essen- 
tia Pimento — e.  of  Rosemary,  Essentia  Rosma- 
rini—  e.  of  Roses,  see  Rosa  centifolia  —  e.  of 
Spearmint,  Tinetura  olei  menthtfi  viridis  —  e.  of 
Spruce,  see  Pinus  Abies. 

ESSKNCES,  Olea  volatilia. 

ESSENTIA,  Essence,  Tincture  —  e.  Abietis, 
see  Pinus  abies  —  e.  Aloes,  Tinetura  aloes  —  e. 
Absintbii  amnra,  Tinetura  A.  composita — e.  Ab- 
sinthii  composita,  Tinetura  A.  composita. 

Essen'tia  Axi'si,  E«seiicc  of  Anise.  (01. 
An!s!,  f.^.j;  Sp.  recti/.  f,^ix.  M.  Ph.  D.)  Dose, 
TTJ^xx  to  f!^j,  as  a  carminative. 

Essentia.  Antimonii  seu  Stibii,  Yinum  anti- 
monii  tartarizati — e.  Antiseptica  Huxhami,  Tine- 
tura cinchonae  composita — e.  Aromatica,  Tinetura 
cinnamomi  composita. 

Essentia  Cauui,  Essence  of  Car'away.  (01. 
Carui  f.^j;  Sp.  rectif  f,^ix.  Ph.  D.)  Dose, 
gtt.  XX  to  f^j,  as  a  carminative. 

Essentia  Castorei,  Tinetura  castorei — e.  Ca- 
tholica  purgans  Rothii,  Tinetura  jalapii  compo- 
sita—  e.  de  Cedro,  Oleum  cedrinum  —  e.  Chinae, 
Tinetura  cinchonae  composita  —  e.  Cinnamomi, 
Tinetura  cinnamomi. 


Essentia  Cinnamo'mi,  Essence  of  Cin'nnmon, 
(01.  Cinnam.  f ^j ;  Sp.  reel.  f3ix.  M.)  Dusc, 
gtt.  X  to  XX. 

Essentia  Foinic'uli,  Essence  of  Fennel.  (01, 
Foenic.  f gj  ;  Alcohol,  f^ix,  M.  Ph.  D.)  Dose, 
gtt.  XX  to  f3J. 

Essentia  Mentha  PiperitjG,  Tinetura  olei 
menthae  piperitae. 

Essentia  Mentha  Pule'gii,  Essence  of  Penny, 
royal.  (01.  Puleg.  i'gy,  Sp.  rectif.  f^ix.  Ph.  D.) 
Dose,  gtt.  XV  to  XXX. 

Essentia  Mentha  Viridis,  Tinetura  olei  men- 
thae viridis. 

Essentia  Myrist'ic^  Moscha'tjH,  Essence  of 
Nutmeg.  (01.  Myrisl.  f ^j  ;  Sp.  rectif .  i'^'x^.  M. 
Ph.  D.)     Dose,  gtt.  XX — xxx. 

Essentia  Neroli,  see  Citrus  aurantium  —  e. 
Corticis  Peruviani  antiseptica  Huxhami,  Tinetura 
cinchonaj  composita — e.  Corticis  Peruviani  cuiu- 
posita,  Tinetura  cinchonae  amara. 

Essentia  Pimen't^;,  Essence  of  Pimen'to.  (01. 
Piment.  fgi;  Sj).  rectif.  f.^ix.  M.  Ph.  D.)  Dose, 
gtt.  xxx  ad  Ix. 

EIssentia  RoSMARI'ni,  Essence  of  Rose'mary. 
(01.  Rosmari'ni  f  ,^j ;  Sp.  rectif.  f^ix.  M.  Ph.D.) 
Dose,  gtt.  xxx  ad  gtt.  Ix. 

ESSEN'TIAL,  Essentia' Us.  The  word  essenlud 
has  been  applied  to  the  immediate  oraotive  prin- 
ciples of  vegetables,  which  were  believed  to  be 
endowed  with  the  properties  of  the  plants  from 
which  they  were  extracted.  Essential  oil  was  so 
called  because  it  was  regarded  as  the  only  imme- 
diate principle  which  was  essential.  This  expres- 
sion is  retained.  Essential  salts  are  true  salts  or 
extracts  which  exist,  ready  formed,  in  vegetables; 
and  which  are  obtained  by  distillation,  incinera. 
tion,  or  some  other  process. 

An  essential  disease  is  synonymous  with  a  ge- 
neral disease  ;  that  is,  one  not  depending  on  any 
local  affection, — not  symptomatic.     See  Entity. 

ES'SERA,  Es'sere,  Sora,  Saire,  Sare,  Morbus 
porci'nus,  Rosa  saltans,  Urtica'ria  porcell'ana, 
(F.)  Ampioules,  Porcelaine.  Of  Arabic  deriva- 
tion. A  species  of  cutaneous  eruption,  consist- 
ing of  small,  reddish  tubercles  over  the  whole 
body,  accompanied  by  a  troublesome  itchinj,'. 
It  seems  to  be  a  variety  of  lichen  or  urticaria. 
See  Lichen  tropicus. 

ESSIEU,  Axis. 

ESSOUFFLEMENT,  Anhelatio. 

ESTHEMA,  Vestitus. 

ESTHESIS,  Vestitus. 

ESTHIOMENE,  Esthiomenus. 

ESTHIOM'ENUS,  Estiom'enus,  from  ccOw,  'I 
eat.'  Ex'edens.  (F.)  Esthiomene.  That  which 
devours  or  eats  away.  Certain  ulcers  and  erup- 
tions— Dartres  ronqenntes — are  SO  called. 

ES'TIVAL,  yEstl'vus;  from  astas,  astat'iK, 
'summer.'  Happening  in  summer,  belonging  to 
summer.  This  epithet  is  given  to  summer  din- 
eases,  so  called  because  they  reign  at  that  season, 
and  appear  to  depend  on  the  influence  exerti-'l 
by  it  on  the  animal  economy.  In  the  United 
States,  the  term  summer  disease  or  covi))li">'t 
means  disorder  of  the  bowels;  as  diarrhun, 
cholera  morbus,  <tc. 

ESTO.VAC.  Stomach. 

ESTRAOOy.  Artemisia  dracunculns. 

ESULA  CYPARISSIAS.  Euphorbia  oypari?- 
sias  —  e.  Major,  Euphorbia  palustris  —  e.  Minor, 
Euphorbia  cyparissias. 

ESULE,  GRANDE,  Euphorbia  lathyris. 

ESURIES,  Hunger. 

ESURIGO,  Hunger. 

ESURITIO,  Hunger. 

ESYCHIA,  Acinesia. 

JETAGE,  Stage. 


E  TA  IX 


35  5 


JtJTOUFFEMENT 


ETAIN,Tia~L  de  Glace,  Bismuth— e'.  Gris, 
Pjliimuth. 

ETAT,  Acme — &.  Granuhux  du  Rein,  Kidney, 
Bri):ht's  Disease  of  the. 

E TERNUEMENT,  Sneezing. 

ETE.STICULATIO,  Castration. 

ETIIKR,  iEther,  iEther  sulphuricus — c.  Acetic, 
pee  iEther — c.  Acitiqrie,  see  blither  sulphuricus — 
e.  Azoteiix,  see  ^ther  sulphuricus  —  e.  Azoteux 
ulcmitiHe,  Spiritus  a;theris  nitrici. 

Ethek,  Chloric,  sue  Chloroform.  Under  the 
names  concentifited  chloric  ether  and  strong  chlo- 
ric ether —  n  compound  of  pure  chloroform  and 
nearly  absolute  alcohol,  in  the  proportion  of  one- 
thinl  of  the  former  to  two-thirds  of  the  latter — 
lias  been  used  as  an  anajsthetic  by  inhalation,  in 
the  same  cases  as  sulphuric  ether  and  chloroform. 
It  is  properly  an  alcoholic  solution  or  tincture  of 
chlnroform. 

EiiiKit,  Chlorohydric,  Chlorinated,  see 
JElhcr  inuriaticus — e.  Chlorohydrique,  see  jEther 
sulphuricus — e.  Chlorohydrique  chlore,  see  jEther 
muriaticus. 

Etiikii,  Compound.  A  preparation  consisting 
of  a  solution  of  chloroform  in  sulphuric  ether 
which  has  been  used  as  an  anEesthetic  by  inhala- 
tion, iu  the  same  cases  as  chloroform. 

ETffER,  fl  YDRA  TIQ  UE,  ^ther  sulphuricus 
— c.  llydriodio,  iEther  hydriodicus — e.  Hydrique 
(dcooliw,  Spiritus  aetheris  sulphurici  compositus 
— e.  Hydmchloric,  see  ^ther— e.  Hydrochloric, 
Spirit  of,  Spiritus  aetheris  muriatici— e.  Hydro- 
cyanic, ^Ether  hydrocyanicus  —  e.  lodhydric, 
>Ether  hydriodicus— e.  Marine,  ^ther  muriaticus 
—  e.  Muriatic,  ^ther  muriaticus  —  e.  Muriatic, 
spirit  of,  Spiritus  astheris  muriatici — e.  Nitreux, 
see  iEther  sulphuricus— e.  Nitric,  see  iEther— e. 
Nitvique,  see  iEther  sulphuricus — e.  Nitrous,  see 
vEther  —  e.  Phosphoric,  sec  yEther  —  e.  Prussic, 
vEther  hydrocyanicus— e.  Rectified,  iEther  sul- 
phuricus—e'.  Suipirique,  iEther  sulphuricus— e'. 
!<»ljuritpie  alcoolise,  Spiritus  aitheris  sulphurici 
ctiiiipositus— e.  Sulphuric,  ^ther  sulphuricus — e. 
Terehiiithinated,  ^ther  terebinthinatus— e.  Vi- 
trinliqiie,  JRthcT  sulphuricus, 

ETHEREAL,  ^.thereal. 

EriIKRK,  iEthereal. 

ETIIKREOUS,  iEthereal. 

ETllERINE,  HYDROCYANATE  OF.  ^ther 
hydrooynnieus— e.  Muriate  of,  iEther  muriaticus. 

IvTIIKRISM.  The  aggregate  of  phenomena 
induced  by  the  inhalation  of  ether— ^?//e,-i-«m'«s. 

ETIIERIZA'TION,  .Etherisa'iio.  The  admi- 
nistnition  of  ether  by  inhalation,  as  an  anjes- 
thi'tic. 

E'TIIERIZED,  jEtherisa'tna.  Presenting  the 
rhen.imcna  induced  by  the  inhalation  of  ether. 

ETIIEROLA T,  Etherat.  The  product  of  the 
(iismialion  of  ether  on  aromatic  substances. 

l^TUEROLArURE,  see  Tincture. 

ETUEROLK.  A  li.,uid  medicine  formed  of 
•■tiier  and  medicinal  principles  united  with  it  by 
uirect  solution  or  simple  mixture.— Beral. 

Ethh-oli  d'esience  de  tfrihinthine.  See  Liquor 
inodynus  terebinthinatus. 

Jr/i^^y^/'^'    ^'*^-^''<'-      A    medicine 
"■hioh  h,.*  ether  for  excipient.— B^ral 

M^f'^V'^'^!^-      ^"    ^tl^"°l!<'    "'edicine 
F  nuPc'',"rA'''''y  employed  externally. 

KT      r  •i?''^-^^^^'^'  Deontology,  medical. 
r.  1  Miiv,  Hectic. 

[•I'lnoPrAX,  see  Homo. 

;.        llt^^- ^ee  .Ethiops. 
rnsrs,  Filtration. 

I.  rn  ISM  us.  Filtration. 
J-THmcEPHALE,    Ethmoceph'alus;    from 
»>-."»^.    a  sieve,    'the  ethmoidal  portion  of  the 


nose,  and  /c!:^a^T,,  'head.'  A  genus  of  monsters, 
with  eyes  close  together,  but  distinct;  the  nasal 
apparatus  atrophied  and  rudimental.  —  I.  G.  St. 
Hilaire. 

ETH'MOID,  Ethmo'des,  Ethmoi'des,  EthmoV- 
deus,  from  )j9^of,  'a  sieve,'  and  tiios,  'form.' 
Shaped  like  a  sieve. 

ErnMOiD  Bone,  Os  ethmoideum  sen  multifor'me 
seu  spongio'sum   seu   sjjoiigoVdes   seu    cribro'siim 
sen  crihrifur'me  seu  cu'bicum  seu  cristn'tum  seu 
foraminulen'tum  seu  colifor'me  seu  colato'rium, 
(F.)  Os  cribleux.     One  of  the  eight  bones  which 
compose  the  cranium;  so  called,  because  its  upper 
plate  is  pierced  by   a  considerable    number  of 
holes.     The  ethmoid  bone  is  situate  at  the  ante- 
rior, inferior,  and  middle  part  of  the  base  of  the 
cranium.     It  seems  to  be  composed  of  a  multitude 
of  thin,  fragile,  semi-transparent  lamina;,  which 
form  more  or  less  spacious  cells,  called  the  Eth- 
moidal labyrinth  or  cells,  distinguished  into  ante- 
rior and  posterior.    These  communicate  with  the 
nose,   and  arc  lined  by  a  prolongation   of   the 
pituitary  membrane.     The  ethmoid  bone  is  con- 
stituted of  compact  tissue,  and  is  surrounded  by 
the  Ethmoid  suture.     It  is  articulated  with   the 
frontal  and  sphenoidal  bones,  the  cornun  sphenoi- 
daha,   the   superior   maxillary   hones,   the  palate 
hones,  the  ossa  tnrhinata  inferiora,  the  vomer,  the 
proper  hones  of  the  nose,  and  the  lachrymal  bona. 
ETIIMOID'AL,   Ethmoidal  is.     Belonging    to 
the  ethmoid  bone;  as.  Ethmoidal  cells,  E.  suture, 
&c.     The  Ethmoi'dal  apoph'ysis  or  ])rocess  is  the 
advanced  part  of  the  sphenoid  bone,  which  articu- 
lates with  the  ethmoid.     The  ethmoidal  arteries 
are  two  in  number,  the  anterior  of  which  arises 
from  the  ophthalmjc  artery.     The  origin  of  the 
other  varies.    The  ^'c^wjicrure  e<7i»ioi'rf«?c  of  the  os 
frontis  receives  the  ethmoid  bones.    The  Ethmoi- 
dal veins  correspond  to  the  arteries. 
ETHMOSE,  Cellular  tissue. 
ETIIMOSYiVE,  Habit. 
ETHMYPIIE,  Cellular  tissue. 
ETHMYPHI'TIS,  Infamma'tio  telm  cellulo'sm, 
from  i)Qiioi.  -a  sieve,'  'vi^^u  'texture,'  and  itis,  de- 
noting inflammation.     Inflammation  of  the  cel- 
lular membrane. 

ETHMYPIIOTYLOSIS,  Induration  of  the  eel- 
lular  tissue. 

ETHNOG'RAPIIY,  Ethnograph'ia ;  from  lOvoq, 
'nation,'  and  ypaipr,,  'a  description.'  A  history 
of  the  races  and  families  of  man. 

ETIINOL"OGY,  £MHo%"my  from  £6>iof, 'na- 
tion,' and  \oYoi,  'a  discourse.'     The  science  of 
the  races  and  families  of  man. 
EJHOS,  Habit. 

E  THESE,  iEthusa  cynapium  —  e.  Meum, 
^thusa  meum. 

ETHYLE.  CHLORIDE  OF,  ^ther  muri- 
aticus— e.  Cyanuret  of,  ^ther  hydrocyanicus. 
ETICK,  Hectic. 

ETIOLA'TION,  Blanching.  (F.)  Etiolement. 
That  state  of  plants  which  occurs  in  consequence 
of  privation  of  light,  when  they  become  pale  and 
watery.  In  pathology,  it  is  sometimes  used  to 
denote  the  paleness  produced  in  those  j)ersons 
who  have  been  kept  long  without  light;  or  a 
sinular  paleness,  the  result  of  chronic  disease. 
ETIOLE.MEXT,  Etiolation. 
ETIOLOGY,  ^tiolo-ia. 

ETIQUETTE,  MEDICAL.  Deontology,  me- 
dical. 

ETISE,  Hectisis  —  i.  Mesenterique,  Tabes  me- 
senterica. 

ETNAGH-BERRIES,  see  Juniperus  corarau- 
nis. 

ETOTLE,  Stella. 
ETON  SEE,  Stunned. 
ETOUFFE.MEXT,  Suffocation. 


£toupe 


356 


EUPATORIUM 


£tOUPE,  Stupa. 
ETOURUISSEMENT,  Vertigo. 
ETRANGLE-LOUP,  Paris. 
ETRANGLEMENT,  Strangulation,  Hysteria 
— c.  den  Intextins,  Euteremphraxis. 

ETRANGUILLON,  from  itrangler,  'to 
strangle.'  An  ancient  French  appellation  for  a 
violent  angina  accompanied  by  symptoms  of 
imminent  asphyxia. 

ETRIER,  Stapes. 

ETRON,  Abdomen,  ITypogastrium. 

ETIION'CUS,  from  j/rpoi',  'the  lower  belly,' 
and  oyKos,  '  a  tumour.'  A  tumour  of  the  lower 
belly. 

ETXrCK,  Hectic  fever. 

ETTLE,  Urtica. 

ETUI. BE  L'HIPPOCAMPE.  A  name  given 
by  Vicq  d'Azyr  to  the  upper  part  of  the  sphe- 
noidal portion  of  the  lateral  ventricle  of  the 
brain,  which  is  bounded  by  the  lateral  cornu  of 
the  corpus  callosum. 

ETUVE,  Stove — S.  Humide,  Bath,  vapour. 

ETUVER,  to  Foment. 

EU,  £«,  'good,  proper,'  when  prefixed  to  words. 
Hence : 

EU^E'MIA,  from  ev,  and  'aifia,  'blood.'  A 
good  condition  of  the  blood. 

EU-ESTHE'SIA,  from  cv,  and  aiaBrjaiu  'per- 
ception.' Vigorous  perception.  A  good  condition 
cf  the  perceptive  faculties. 

EUiESTHE'TOS.  Same  etymon.  One  whose 
senses  are  in  full  vigor. 

EUANALEP'SIS,  from  cv,  and  avaXn^n,  're- 
covcrv.'     Rapid  restoration  to  strength. 

EUANTIIEMON,  Anthcmis  nobilis. 

EUCALYP'TUS  MANNIF'ERA,  (cv,  'well,' 
!ind  Ka>.vrTOi,  'covered.')  From  this  Australian 
species,  Order,  Myrtacea?,  a  manna-like  substance 
exudes,  which  has  similar  properties  to  manna. 

Ei'CAr,YPTUs  Resinifera,  see  Kino. 

EUCIIRCE'A,  from  tu,  and  xp"'")  'colour.'  A 
good  or  healthy  colour  of  the  skin.  A  good 
appearance  of  the  surface. 

EUCHYM'IA,  from  tu,  and  x^f"^'  'juice.'  A 
good  state  of  the  humours. 

EUCllA'SIA,  from  tv,  and  Kpaai;,  'tempera- 
ment.'    A  good  temperament. 

EUDIAPNEUS'TIA,  from  tviiawvtvaTos,  (tv, 
and  Sia-i-oi], — ^ja,  and  ttvo)?, 'breath) ;'  'one  who 
breathes  well.'     Easy  transpiration. 

EUKCTICA  (medicina),  Gymnastics. 

EUEL'CES,  from  cv,  and  'tA/coj,  'an  ulcer.' 
One  in  whom  wounds  and  ulcers  are  readily 
healed. 

EU'EMES,  Euein'efoR,  from  cv,  and  fjt/Eu,  'I 
vomit.'  That  which  readily  excites  vomiting. 
One  who  vomits  with  facility. 

EUETHES,  Benign. 

EUEX'IA,  from  £u,  and  'i^is,  'constitution.' 
A  good  constitution. 

EUFRAISE,  Euphrasia  officinalis. 

EUGE'NIA  CARYOPHYLLA'TA,  called  after 
Prince  Eugene.  Garrophyl'hia,  Cori/ophyl'lus  aro- 
mat'icus,  3Iyrtus  caryojihiji'liis.  The  Indian  tree 
which  affords  the  clove.  Order,  Myrtaeeae.  The 
Clove,  Caryophi/l'lns,  G.  aromat'icwi,  is  the  unex- 
panded  bud,  (F.)  Girojle,  Geroflc,  Gijroplde,  Clou 
de  Girojle.  Its  odour  is  strong,  aromatic,  and 
peculiar;  taste,  pungent  and  acrid.  Like  all 
substances  whose  virtue  depends  upon  essential 
oil,  it  is  stimulant  and  carminative.  It  is  gene- 
rally used  as  a  corrigent  to  other  remedies,  and 
in  cases  where  substances  containing  the  essen- 
tial oils  are  demanded.  The  oil  —  (F.)  Huile  de 
Geroflc;  Oleum  cnri/oplnjl'li,  Oil  of  Cloves — has 
the  properties  of  the  cloves. 

Eugenia  Pimenta,  Myrtus  pimenta. 


EUGION,  Hymen. 

EULE,  cvh],  'a  worm.'  Eulm,  tuXai,  with  Hip- 
■pocrates,  meant  especially  worms  bred  in  a  wound 
or  ulcer. 

EULOPHIA,  see  Salop. 

EUNUCH,  Eunn'chus,  from  cwtj,  'the  bed,' 
and  tx'^t  'I  keep.'  Hemian'drus,  IJemiaiior,  He- 
mianthro'pua,  Seviimas,  Semimas'cnlus,  Semi, 
maacula'tus,  Semtvir,  Thla'dias,  Tld(i'ninii,  Thllb'- 
iaa,  Castra'tus,  Gallua,  Excaalra'tus,  Erint'tiit, 
E maacula'tus,  Spado,  Exaec'tus,  E.rlriitlciild'lui, 
Ertom'iua.  (F.)  Eunuque.  One  whose  orgnns 
of  generation  have  been  removed,  or  so  altered, 
that  he  is  rendered  incapable  of  reproducing  his 
species,  or  of  exercising  the  act  of  venery.  Eu- 
nuchs were  common  with  the  ancient  Komans. 
In  Italy,  tliis  horrible  mutilation  still  takes  plaoe 
to  improve  the  voice  ;  and  in  the  East,  eunuchs 
have  the  aurveillance  of  the  seraglio. 

EUNUCHISMUS,  Castration. 

EUNUCIIIUM  MECONIS,  Lactuca. 

EUNUCHUS,  Castratus,  Eunuch. 

EUNUQUE,  Eunuch. 

EUODES,  Beiicolentia. 

EUONYMUS,  Quassia  simarouba. 

Euon'vmuS  AmkriCA'nuS,  Strawberry  hiiah. 
Strawberry  tree,  Ruruiuy  bush,  Indian  arrnw- 
wood.  A  shrub  of  the  Ord.  Celastracea;,  Ser. 
Syat.  Pentandria  Monogynia,  which,  like  the 
next,  is  found  throughout  the  United  States  and 
Canada;  flowering  from  May  to  June. 

Euon'ymus  XTliOPUKPu'fiEUS,  Burning  bush. 
Spindle  free,  Indian  Arrow-wood,  flowers  from 
June  to  July. 

From  these  varieties  of  Euonymus  the  Walwn 
or  Whdlioo  bark  is  said  to  be  obtained.  It  is  diu- 
retic, antiperiodic,  tonic,  and  a  hydragogue  ca- 
thartic, and  has  been  used  in  dropsy  in  infusion, 
in  the  proportion  of  an  ounce  to  a  pint  of  water. 

EUPATIII'A,  from  cv,  and  ira^oj,  'suffering.' 
A  disposition  for  being  afi'ected  by  jmin  easily. 
Also,  a  good  state  of  health — Enphor'iu. 

EUPATOIRE  D'AVIGENNE,  Eupatorium 
cannabinum — c.  Percefeuille,  Eupatorium  perfo- 
liatum. 

EUPATORIUM,  (called  after  Mithridates  Eu- 
pator,)  Eupatorium  perfoliatum. 

Eui'ATO'rhtm  Aueuatoi'des,  E.  Urticifo'Uum, 
Arjc'ralum  alllna' inium,  White  Snah-eroat ;  indige- 
nous; flowering  in  August  and  Scpteiiiber;  liastlio 
same  ]iroperties  as  Eupatorium  perfoliatum. 

ElTPATORIlIM  AroMAT'icUM,  Aromal'ic  E'lpato  - 
rium  or  Ilewpwecd,  has  similar  properties. 

EiTPATo'uiuM  Cannab'inum,  Enpdto'riiim,  E. 
Ariib'icnm  seu  Jnpou'ivuni  seu  trifoVui'lniii,  E. 
of  Avicen'na,  Cannab'inn  aquat'ica,  TriJo'tuiM 
cervi'num,  Oriij'anum  aquat'ieum.  Hemp  (ig  r>- 
many.  Herb  of  Saint  Cuneijonde,  (F.)  Eiipatoire 
d'Avicenne.  Ord.  Compositae.  Sex.  Sijit.  Syn- 
genesia  aequalis.  Tl)e  juice  of  this  plant  proves 
violently  emetic  and  purgative,  if  taken  in  suffi- 
cient quantity.  It  has  been  considered  diuretic, 
cathartic,  and  emetic. 

EuPATOiiiuM  Cgnnatum,  E.  perfoliatum— c. 
Guaco,  Guaeo— e.  Juponicnm,  E.  Cannabinum— 
e.  Mesues,  Achillea  ageratum. 

Eupatorium  Pkrfoha'tum,  E.  Conmi'tum, 
Boneaet,  Thor'owjhwort,  Thor'oughatem,  Th<>r- 
oiKjhtcnx,  Vey"eli(ble  ant'imony,  Croaswort,  AgM- 
weed,  Feverwort,  Indian  aajfc,  Jne-pye,  Tenld, 
Swe(Uinii  plant,  (F.)  Eiipatoire  percefeuille,'^*^ 
plant  wiiich  grows  in  low,  wet  meadows  through- 
out the  United  States.  Tiie  tops  and  leaves- 
Eupato'rinm,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  — are  considered  to  he 
stimulating,  tonic,  emetic,  purgative,  diuretic, 
and  sudorific.  Dose,  gr.  xv  of  the  powder,  M  a 
gentle  purgative. 

EupAToniuM,  Pukple-Stalkhd,  E.purpurcum- 


EUPEPSIA 


357 


EUSOMPHALIEN 


El'PATORlUM  PuRPU'liEUM,  JfoJifiwk  taisel,  Pur- 

pte-»l<dked  Eiipato'rium,  Trumpet  weed,  Jce  Pye- 

tceed,  Gi-avdruot,  is  used  in  similar  cases,  as  well  as 

Eiii'ATORiuM    Rotundifo'lium,    Jiuuiid-leaved 

Jlemjjweed,   Wild  horehouiid  ; 

Eui'ATOUiuM  Sessilifo'lium,  Upland  Boneset, 
and 

ErPATOUiOM  Tkucrifo'lium,  Wild  horehound, 
Genmiiidcr-leaved  horehotnid,  Rourjh  boneset, 

Eiii'ATOKiu.M  TniFOLiATUM,  E.  Cannabinum  — 
e.  Urti(;ifi)liuin,  E.  ageratoides. 

EUI'EP'SIA,  from  eu,  and  nenru),  '1  digest.' 
A  good  digestion.     The  antithesis  to  dyspeiina. 

EUl'EP'TIC,  Eupep'lHs,  Eitpcp'ticus.  Same 
etymon.  Relating  to  a  good  digestion.  One  en- 
dowi'd  with  a  good  digestion. 

EUI'IlLO'(ilA,  from  iv,  and  ^Atyu,  'I  burn.' 
Mild  inflammation.     Variola. 

EU'PIIONY,  EupJio'uiu,  from  tu,  and  (puivri, 
'voice.'    An  agreeable  or  regular  voice. 

EUPUOltnE CYPRES,  E.  cyparissias— e.  (£e« 
Mdiaii,  E.  palustris — c.  Vomitive,  E.  ipecacuanha. 
EUPIIOR'RIA  CAPITA'TA,  Cancicn.  Ord. 
Euphorbiacea;.  Called  after  Euphorbus,  phy- 
sician to  king  Juba.  A  Brazilian  plant,  which  is 
Btrongly  astringent  and  not  poisonous.  It  is 
considered  to  be  one  of  the  best  remedies  for  the 
bites  of  serpents.  It  is,  also,  called  Coliihri'na 
Liisitan'ica, 

Eui'iioiiDiA  Caput  Medu's^e.  A  South  African 
plant,  with  which,  according  to  Bruce,  the  wild 
inhabitants  poison  their  arrows.  The  Ethiopians 
use,  for  the  same  purpose,  Eujihor'bia  heptoffo'na, 
E.  viro'sd,  and  E.  cereiforni' is ;  the  savages,  in 
the  most  southern  part  of  America,  the  sap  of  E. 
aitiuifd'lia. 

EiuMioKBiA  Cereiformis,  see  Euphorbia  caput 
Mcdu.siB. 

Euphorbia  Corolla'ta,  Large  Jlnwering 
sjinryc,  Milkweed,  Snakes'  milk,  Ipecacitan'lui, 
Hippo,  Picac,  Ip'ecac,  Milk,  purslain,  Purge  roi>t, 
Emct'ic  root.  Bowman's  root,  Apple  root,  Indian 
Physic  ;  indigenous;  has  similar  properties  to  the 
lust.    The  dose  of  the  root  is  the  same. 

Euphorbia  Cotinifolia,  see  Euphorbia  caput 
JIeilusa\ 

Euphorbia  Cyparis'sias,  E.  Cyprets'ina, 
Es'ida  minor  seu  Cyparissias,  Tithyni'alns  Cyp'i- 
ris'siiia.  Cypress  spurge.  Welcome  to  our  house,  (F.) 
Euphorbe  eypris.  This,  like  most  of  the  spurges, 
is  very  acrimonious.  Amongst  the  rustics,  it 
vas  formerly  called  juoor  man's  rhnharb,  and  was, 
consoquently,  a  la.\ative.  It  is  not  used. 
EupuoitBiA  CvPRESSiNA,  E.  Cyparlssias. 
EuPHOHBlA  IIelioscop'iA,  E.  obtnra'ta,  Sun 
spurge,  irni^wort  s/)i(r^e;  indigenous.  The  juice 
has  been  given  in  syphilis.  It  is  said  to  be  ca- 
thiirtic. 

Euphorbia  IIeptagona,  see  Euphorbia  caput 
Mcdusie. 

Euphorbia  IIvpericifo'lia,  Large  spotted 
ipiirge,  Eyebright.  A  native  of  the  United  States. 
It_is  astringent  and  tonic.  Used  in  infusion  — 
f.v's  to  Oj  of  boiling  water.  Dose,  a  tablespoon- 
ful.  Euphorbia  Macula'ta,  Milk  Purslane, 
i'pnttcd  spurge,  has  similar  properties. 

Euphorbia  Ipkcacuan'iia,  yli//«oju//y//'i(m  Ipe- 
fneitaiilia,  Ipecacuanha  spurge.  Wild  ip'ecac.  (F.) 
Eiiphnrbc  vomit  ire.  This  species  of  spurge  is 
ci'imiion  in  the  southern  and  middle  parts  of  the 
United  States.  The  root  is  a  powerful  emetic,  in 
the  dose  of  from  five  to  fifteen  grains:  twenty 
grains  act  as  a  cathartic  likewise.  In  large 
dosos,  it  acts  as  a  narcotico-acrid. 

Euphorbia  Lath'vris.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  plant  which  afi'ords  the  lesser  catapu'tia 
leeas,  Cutajiu'tia  minor,  Caper  Spurge,  Lath'yris, 
Gar'den  spurge,  Caper  plant.  Mole-plant,  Ti- 
tfiym'alua    lati/u'Uua    seu    lath'yris,    Galarhoe'us 


Lath'yris,  (F.)  £purge  ou  grande  Esule.  The 
seeds  possess  cathartic  properties,  and  an  ex- 
pressed oil  of  the  seeds  —  O'leum  EnjJior'bice 
Lathyr'idis,  (F.)  Huile  d'epurge — has  been  given 
as  a  cathartic  in  the  dose  of  six  to  twelve  drops. 

Euphorbia  Maculata,  see  E.  hypericifolia  — 
e.  Myrtifolia,  Pedilanthus  titbymaloidcs  —  e. 
Obturata,  E.  helioscopia. 

Euphorbia  Officina'rdm.  The  systematic 
name  of  the  plant  which  affords  the  Eujjhor'bium, 
Euphor'bieB  gummi-resl'na,  Gummi  cnphorbitB,  in 
greatest  abundance.  The  euphorbium  is  an  in- 
odorous gum-resin,  in  yellow  tears,  which  have 
the  appearance  of  being  worm-eaten.  It  enters 
into  the  composition  of  some  plasters,  and  has 
been  used  as  an  errhine. 

Euphorbia  Palus'tris,  E.  panicnla'ta. 
Greater  spurge,  Es'nla  major,  Tithym'ulus  2)alns'- 
tris,  Galarhoe'us  jmlus'tris,  Marsh  sponge,  Wret- 
loeed,  (F.)  Euphorbe  dcs  marais.  The  juice  is 
given,  in  Russia,  as  a  common  purge.  It  is  used, 
too,  as  an  irritant  in  tinea,  warts,  Ac. 

Euphorbia  Palustris  and  E.  Villo'sa,  or  E. 
PiLo'sA  have  been  brought  forward  as  preven- 
tives of  hydrophobia — the  bitten  part  being 
washed  with  a  decoction,  and,  at  the  same  time, 
the  decoction  being  taken  internally. 

EiTPHOKBiA  Paniculata,  E.  palustris. 

Euphorbia  Pahal'ias,  Tithym'alus  paralias. 
Sea  spurge.  This  is  violently  cathartic  and  irri- 
tating, and  is  seldom  used. 

Euphorbia  Peplus,  Petty  spurge  ;  indigenous. 
The  powdered  root  is  actively  cathartic.  It  has 
been  given  in  dropsy. 

Euphorbia  Pilosa,  see  Euphorbia  palustris  — 
e.  Tithymaloides,  Pedilanthus  titbymaloidcs  —  e. 
Villosa,  see  Euphorltia  palustris  —  e.  Virosa,  see 
Euphorbia  caput  Medusae. 

JSS-  All  the  spurges  are  vesicant  and  rubefa- 
cient, when  afiplied  externally. 

EUPHORBIUM,  Euphorbia  officinarum. 

EUPHORIA,  Eupathia. 

EUPHRAGIA,  Euphrasia  officinalis. 

EUPlIRA'iSIA  {tv(ppaata,  cheerfulness;  so 
called  from  itseifects),  E.  Officina'lis  seu  Min'ima 
seu  Imbrica'ta,  Ocula'ria,  Euplira'gia,  Ophthal'- 
mica,  Eyebright,  (F.)  Euf raise,  Eujihraise,  Casse- 
Lunette.  It  has  been  recommended  in  diseases 
of  the  eye,  but  is  unworthy  of  notice. 

EUPLAS'TIC,  E,iplax'ticns,{F.)  Euplaslique: 
from  £u,  and  rrAao-o-u),  'I  form.'  Having  the  ca- 
pacity of  becoming  organizable  in  a  high  degree, 
—  as  in  false  membranes  resulting  from  acute  iu- 
flainmation  in  a  healthy  person. 

EUPLEURUM  SERRULATUM,  Diosma  cre- 
nata. 

EUPNCE'A,  from  tv,  and  -nviiD,  'I  respire.' 
Freedom  or  facility  of  respiration. 

EURHYTH'MIA,  from  £u,andpt5/joj,  'rhythm.' 
Regularity  of  the  pulse. 

EURIBALI,  .Juribali. 

EURODES,  Carious. 

EURODON'TICUS,  from  evpoi,  'caries,'  and 
oiovi,  oiovToi,  '  a  tooth.'  Sufi'ering  from  carious 
teeth. 

EURUS,  tvpvi,  'mould,  putrefaction,'  Mucor, 
Caries.     Corruption  of  the  humours. 

EURYCHORIA.  Sinus. 

EURYCLES,  Engastrimyth. 

EURYCLITUS.  Engastrimyth. 

EL'RYSMUS.  Dilatation. 

EURYTIPMIA,  Euryth'mus,  from  iv,  and 
pyd/ioi,  'rhythm.'  Regularity  of  pulse,  both  as 
regards  quantity  and  quality. 

EUSAR'CUS,  from  tv,  and  cap^,  aapKos,  'flesh.' 
One  who  is  fleshy,  robust,  muscular. 

EUSEMI'A.  (F.)  Eusemie,  from  tu,  and  ariiitior, 
'a  sign.'     A  collection  of  good  signs. 

EUSOMPPIALIEN  from    tv,    and     u/.^uAor, 


EUSTLANCHNIA 


E  X  -E  M  A  T  0  S  1  S 


'nnvtl.'  A  floublo  monster  in  which  each  being 
has  a  separate  navel,  and  is  able  to  execute,  in- 
dependently, almost  all  the  vital  functions. 

EUSPLANCH'NIA,  from  tv,  and  avUyxvov, 
'a  viseus.'     A  healthy  state  of  the  viscera. 

EUSTA'CHIAN  TUBE,  Tuha  EnstnchiaUia 
sen  Aristoiel'ica,  f!i/n'n'gn,  Si/n'ii.r,  jMea'tus  co'ciis, 
JJiictun  auris pdUtti'inis,  Iter  n  Pala'to  ad  Aurem, 
(F.)  Trompe  ou  Coudnit  d'Eiistnehe,  Cnuduit  <jnt- 
tural  de  roreille  —  Ch.  So  called  from  its  dis- 
coverer, Eustachius.  It  is  partly  bony  and  partly 
cartilaginous:  extending  from  the  cavity  of  the 
tympanum  to  the  upper  part  of  the  pharynx.  Its 
length  is  about  two  inches;  the  bony  portion 
which  belongs  to  the  temporal  bone,  is  about 
three-fourths  of  an  inch  long.  It  is  lined,  inter- 
nally, by  a  prolongation  of  the  lining  membrane 
of  the  pharynx.  Its  nerves  are  furnished  by  the 
palatine  branches  of  the  ganglion  of  Meckel,  and 
its  vessels  proceed  from  those  of  the  pharynx  and 
velum  pendulum.  The  use  of  the  tube  seems  to 
be,  to  permit  the  renewal  of  air  in  the  cavity  of 
the  tympanum. 

EusTA'fHiAN  Valve,  Vafve  of  Eustn'chius, 
Valride  d'Eiistachi  ou  d' Euatnchc.  A  membra- 
nous, semilunar  fold,  which  corresponds  to  the 
opening  of  the  vena  cava  inferior  into  the  right 
auricle  of  the  heart. 

EUSTHENI'A,  Vigor,  Exiihernii'tiu,  from  ev, 
and  aOevi);,  'strength.'  Flourishing,  exuberant 
health. — Hippocrates. 

EUSTOM'ACHUS,  from  tv,  and  aroftaxos, 
'stomach.'  Digesting  rapidly.  Having  a  good 
stomach. 

EIJSTROXGYLUS  GIGAS,  Strongylus  gigas. 

EUTAX'IA,  from  cv,  and  raaau),  'I  arrange.' 
Enthe'sia.  A  well-ordered  constitution,  in  which 
every  part  has  its  proper  relation.  The  ready 
return  of  a  rupture,  or  of  a  luxated  bone. 

EUTHANA'SIA,  from  tv,  and  Qavaroi,  'death.' 
An  easy  death.  The  opposite  to  this  is  Caeotha- 
nii'niri. 

EUTHESIA,  Eutaxia. 

EUTHYENTEllON,  Rectum. 

EUTHYENTEROSTENOMA,  Stricture  of  the 
Rectum. 

EUTJIYM'IA,  An'hn!  trnnqiul'litris,  from  tv, 
and  ^vfioQ,  'mind.'  Tranquillity  of  mind.  A 
good  state  of  the  mental  faculties. 

EUTHYPNOE,  Orthopnoea. 

EUTIIYPNCEA,  Orthopnoea. 

EUTOC'IA,  from  tv,  and  roKOi,  'delivery.'  An 
easy  labour.     Fecundity. 

EUTROPH'IA,  from  tv,  and  rpocpn,  'nourish- 
ment.'    A  good  state  of  nutrition. 

EUTROPH'IC,  Eiitroph'icus,  same  etymon.  A 
term  introduced  into  medical  terminology,  by  the 
author,  for  an  agent  whose  action  is  exerted  on 
the  system  of  nutrition,  without  necessarily  oc- 
casioning manifest  increase  of  any  of  the  secre- 
tions. 

The  chief  eutrophics  are, — mercurials,  the  pre- 
paiiitiuiis  of  iodine,  bromine,  cod  liver  oil,  the 
preparations  of  gold  and  silver,  sulphur,  sugar, 
and  srirsnp'irilta. 

EUZOODYNAMIA,  Sanitas. 

E VAC U ANTS,  Evncunn'tia,  from  €.  and  vn- 
ciinrc,  'to  empty.'  (P.)  Evaciintifs.  Medicines 
are  so  called  which  occasion  a  discharge  by  some 
omunctory ;  such  as  purgatives,  emetics,  <fec. 

E  VA  CUA  TIES.  Evacuants. 

EVACUATIO.  Evacuation,  Excretion. 

EVACUA'TIOX.  Same  etymon.  Lnpax'is. 
The  discharge  of  any  matter  whatever  by  the 
natural  passages  or  by  an  artificial  opening, 

E 1  'ANO UISSEMENT,  Syncope. 

EVAN  ROOT,  Geum  Virginianum. 

EVAPORA'TION,     Evapora'tio,     Vapora'tio, 


E.rh(tla'tio,  from  r,  and  rajxinn-e,  niporrrtiim,  'to 
emit  a  vapour.'  Transformation  of  a  li(|ui(i  into 
vapour,  ill  order  to  obtain  tiie  lixod  matters  con- 
tained in  it  dry  and  separate  fr(un  the  ]i(piid. 
When  the  vapour  is  received  into  a  proper  vessel 
and  condensed,  the  process  is  called  distillation. 
Evaporation  produces  cold,  and  this  is  one  of  the 
processes  by  which  the  body  is  cooled,  through 
the  evaporation  of  the  perspiratory  fluid. 

EVA UX,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Ev.-uu 
is  situate  in  Auvergne,  in  France.  The  waters 
are  hydrosnlphurous  and  thermal. 

EVENTRA'TION.  Erentru'tio,  IT^pngastro- 
ri.r'is,  from  c,  '  out  of,'  and  venter,  '  the  belly.'  A 
tumour,  formed  by  a  general  relaxation  of  the 
parietes  of  the  abdomen,  and  containing  a  great 
part  of  the  abdominal  viscera.  Also,  veiilrol 
hernia,  or  that  which  occurs  in  any  other  way 
than  through  the  natural  openings  of  the  abdo- 
minal parietes.  Lastly,  any  very  extensive  woinij 
of  the  aljdominal  parietes,  with  issue  of  the  greater 
part  of  the  intestines. 

EVEN'TUS,  from  e,  'out  of,'  and  venire,  veii- 
turn,  '  to  come.'  Apobai'non,  Apohenom'enoii,  Ec- 
lesom'enon,  Terminn'iio  morhi.  The  event  or 
isHue  of  a  disease,  either  favourable  or  unfavour- 
able. 

EVERLASTING,  DICECIOUS,  Antennnria 
dioica. 

EVERRIC'ULUM,  Specil'lum,  from  everrere, 
'to  clean  out.'  A  sort  of  sound  or  scoop,  used 
for  extracting  sand  or  fragments  of  stone  or  clots 
of  blood  from  the  bladder,  after  or  during  the 
operation  of  lithotomy. 

EVERSIO  PALPEBR^,  Ectropion. 

EVIGILATWN,  see  Sleep. 

EVIL,  THE,  Scrofula— e.  King'.s,  Scrofula. 

EVIRATIO,  Castration. 

EVIRATUS,  Castratus,  Eunuch. 

EVISCERATION,  Exenterismus. 

EVOLUTIO,  Development  — e.  Spontanea, 
Evolution,  spontaneous. 

EVOLUTION  OF  GERMS,  see  Generation. 

Evolu'tio.v,  Spo.nta'neoits,  Ver'sio  seu  Evn- 
lii'tio  spontn'nea,  from  e,  and  volvere,  voliitiiin,  'to 
roll.'  Sponta'i)cons  ver'xion,  Sponta' neons  expiil'- 
sion.  Duplication  of  the  fix'tus.  A  term,  applied, 
by  Dr.  Denman,  to  vvhat  he  considered  to  bo  a 
spontaneous  turning  of  the  foetus  in  utero,  in  an 
arm  presentation,  in  consequence  of  powerful 
uterine  contractions  forcing  out  the  breech  and 
feet,  whilst  the  arm  recedes.  It  is  now  usually 
considered  to  be  a  doubling  of  the  fcctus,  so  that 
the  arm  changes  its  position  but  little,  whilst  the 
breech  is  forcibly  expelled  before  the  upper  ex- 
tremity;— the  case  becoming  similar  to  a  breech 
presentation. 

Evolution,  Vesicle  op.  Vesicle  of  develop- 
ment. 

EVOMITIO,  Vomiting. 

EVONYMUS,  Euonymons. 

EVUL'SION,  Avuhion,  Evul'sio,  from  evellere, 
evulanni,  (e,  and  vellere,)  'to  pluck  out.'  Aputil'- 
mos,  Ecfil'mos,  Tilmos.  The  action  of  plucking 
out:  forcible  extraction.  (F.)  Armchemcnt.  This 
word  is  oftener  used  by  the  French  than  by  the 
English  surgeons,  for  the  act  of  extracting  certain 
parts,  the  presence  of  which  is  injurious,— as  the 
teeth,  (fee. 

EW-GOWAN.  Bellis. 

EX  MARIBUS,  Castratus. 

EXACERBATIO,  Exacerbation.  Paroxysm. 

EXACERBA'TION,  Exacerba'tio,  Exuxpera'- 
tio,  E.rcresceu'tin,  from  exacerbnre,  exacerha'tuvi, 
(ex,  and  acerbus,)  '  to  provoke.'  (F.)  Ridouhh- 
vient.  An  increase  in  the  symptoms  of  a  dis- 
order.    Often  used  synonj'mously  withpnroxysm. 

EXACUM  SPICATUM,  Coutoubca  alba. 

EX^MATOSIS,  Ilijematosis. 


EX^MIA 


359 


EXCEREBRATIO 


EXyEMIA,  AnEDtnia. 
EX/h;MOS,  Exanguious. 

llXvE'RESIS,  from  c^,  'out  of,'  and  aipeu),  *I 
take  away.'  A  surgical  operation,  which  consists 
in  drawinj;,  extracting,  or  removing,  from  the 
human  body,  every  thing  that  is  useless,  noxious, 
or  extraneous.  It  is  a  generic  term,  which  in- 
cludes extraction,  evulsion,  evacuatioD,  excision, 
ablation,  amputation,  ifec. 

Ex/f'.KKSis,  Extraction. 

EXACUERATED, Exag(/era'tui>,(¥.)ExagSrS, 
from  exai/ijero,  {ej-,  and  arjfiero,  'I  heap  up,')  '  I 
magnify.')  Heightened.  Increased  by  expres- 
sion. An  epithet  for  sounds  heard  on  ausculta- 
tion and  percussion,  when  much  increased  — 
Hyperevlie'Hia,  Hypereche'ma. 

KXA'GION.  The  sixth  part  of  an  ounce:  — 
four  scruples. — Actuarius. 

EXAL'MA,  from  tf,  'out  of,'  and  aWofxai,  'T 
leap.'  EjedUis.  Hippocrates  calls  thus  the  dis- 
placement of  the  vertebrae. 

EXALSLS,  Exalma,  Leap. 

EXALTA'TION  OP  THE  VITAL  FORCES. 
E.ialla'tio  vi'n'um,  from  exalto,  (ex,  and  alto,)  'I 
raise.'  This  expression  has  been  used,  by  modern 
pathologists,  to  designate  a  morbid  increase  in 
the  action  of  organs,  and  partly  that  which  occurs 
ill  an  inflamed  organ.  Some  use  exaltntion  of 
(lif  vitdl  forrrs,  and  injlammnlion,  synonymously. 

EXAMIiLOMA,  Abortion. 

i;XAiMI!l,OS[S,  Abortion. 

EX'AMliN  KIGORO'SUM.  'Rigorous  exa- 
mination.' An  examination  of  a  Candidate  for 
the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine  in  the  Prussian 
IJiiiversities,  which,  like  the  Tcutnmen  medicum, 
is  conducted  in  Latin,  and  takes  place  before  the 
nicilical  faeultv  on  all  branches  of  medicine. 

EXANASTOMOSIS,  Anastomosis. 

EXANASTROPHE,  Convalescence. 

EXANGTA,  from  tlayyi^w,  (tf,  and  ayyoq,  'a 
vessel,')  '  I  evacuate  from  a  vessel.'  Exanyei'a. 
An  enlargement  or  rupture  of  a  blood-vessel, 
without  external  opening.  A  genus  in  the  order 
Lhjstheticn,  class  Hamatica  of  Good.  It  com- 
prises aiieurism  and  van'x. 

ExANGiA  Ankurisma,  Aneurism. 

EXAN'GUIOUS,  ExKnn'gulne,  Exsangnin'eiia, 
E.i-fc'mnfi,  Exann'gitis,  (F.)  Exsaiigtie,  from  e.r, 
'out  of,'  and  sanytu'n,  'blood.'  Seeming  to  be 
bloodless ;  as  a  female,  who  has  suffered  largely 
from  uterine  hemorrhage.     See  Anaemic. 

EXANIA,  Proctocele. 

EXANIMA'TION,  Exanimn'tio,  from  ex,  'out 
of,' and  (lui'mo,  'the  spirit.'  This  word  has  two 
acceptations.  Sometimes,  it  means  real  death, 
corresponding  with  the  Greek  ^avaro;,  mors.  At 
others,  it  signifies  apparent  death,  corresponding 
with  the  Greek  a\l/u;^ia,  tKxj^vxi",  cxXvats,  An'imi 
deli'quii(m. 

EXAN'THEM,  J57.ra)i«^e'Hm,  AiitJie'ma  enip'tio, 
EpoDthe'ma,  Efflorescen'tia,  ExaiitJiis'mn,  Ecthi/'- 
m<(,  Epnnnatc'ma,  Epanthe'mn,  Epanthin'ma,  Ef- 
fiora'tto,  from  ffiv^fo),  (t^, and  avQtui),  'I  flourish.' 
A  rash.  (F.)  Exanthcme,  Elevure.  Under  this 
term,  is  comprehended,  by  some,  every  kind  of 
eruption,  of  which  the  skin  is  the  seat.  Others 
coiiiprehond  by  it  those  eruptions  that  are  accom- 
panied by  fever,  Fehre.s  exanthemdt'ica; :  includ- 
ing, under  the  head  of  the  major  exanthemata, 
those  which  attack  a  person  but  once  in  his  life, 
and  which  are  communicated  by  specific  conta- 
gion;  and,  under  the  minor  exanthemata,  those 
which  are  not  marked  by  these  characteristics. 
Small-pox,  measles,  cow-pox,  Ac.  belong  to  the 
iniijor: — cliicken-pox,  herpes,  lichen,  <fec.,  to  the 
minor.  The  general  acceptation  of  Exanthem  is, 
however,  a  more  or  less  vivid,  circumscribed,  or 
diffuse  redness  of  the  skin,  which  diminishes,  or 


disappears  transiently,  under  the  pressure  of  the 
finger. 

ExANTHKM,  CAnBUXCiiLAR,  Anthracia — e.  Icho- 
rous,  Emphlysis  —  e.  Pustulous,  Empyesis  —  e. 
Rash,  Enanthcsis. 

EXANTHEMA,  Eminence — o.  Internum,  Eis- 
antheina. 

Exantuk'ma  loD'rcuM.  An  eruption  of  dark- 
red  definite  si)()ts,  of  various  sizes,  spreading  over 
the  whole  body,  without  the  formation  of  scales, 
and  disappearing  only  after  a  long  time,  which 
seems  to  be  produced  occasionally  by  the  use  of 
iodine. 

Exanthema  Mii,iAniA.  Miliary  fever — e.  Pes- 
tis,  Plague — e.  Antivariolosum,  Vaccina — e.  Se- 
rosnm.  Pemphigus — e.  Stroi)hu!us,  Strophulus — 
e.  Urticatum,  Urticaria — e.  Vaccina,  Vaccina — e. 
Varicella,  Varicella. 

EXANTIIEMAT'ICA.  Same  etymon.  ^,-1(7/- 
tive  fcrerx.  CJutaneous  eruptions,  essentially  ac- 
companied with  fever;  —  the  third  order  in  the 
class  Ifffwotira  of  Good. 

EXANTHRMATIS'CHESIS,  E.ru„ihematoa'. 
fheiii,  friim  (^avOiiin,  'exanthem,'  and  lax^iv,  'to 
withhold.'     Supfiression  of  a  cutaneous  eruption. 

EXMsTWE^X hTOh' OnY .  Exantlematolo,/' !n, 
from  t^nvBrin",  'exanthem,'  and  A«}'-)?.  'a  dis- 
course.'    Tiio  doctrine  of  cutaneous  ei'uptions. 

EXANTHEM ATOPHTHAl/MIA.  Ophthalm'. 
ia  exdiitheiiiat'ica.  from  c^dvdnita,  'exanthem,' 
and  n(t>da\nta,  'inflammation  of  the  eye.'  Oph- 
thalmia in  the  course  of,  or  succeeding  to,  a  cu- 
taneous eruption. 

EXANTIIE.M'ATOUS,  Exanthemato'sm,.  Ex- 
autheiixit'icus,  (F.)  Exanthcmatiqne.  Relating  or 
ajjpcrtainitig  to  exanthem,  as  "an  cxanlhematoits 
eruption."     (F.)  Eruption  exanthematiqne. 

EXAN THEME  JNTESTINALE,  see  Ty- 
phus. 

EXANTHESIS.  see  Efflorescence— e.  Arthro- 
sia.  Dengue  —  e.  Roseola,  Roseola — c.  Rubeola, 
Rubeola. 

EXANTHISMA,  Exanthem. 

EXANTHROPIA,  Misanthropia. 

EXAPSI?!,  Inflammation. 

EXARA<}'M,A,  from  i^apaoaw,  'I  tear  away,' 
'I  break.'     Collision,  violent  fracture  or  friction. 

EXARCIIIA'TER,  Exarchia'trox.  Chief  of 
the  archiatri,  or  chief  of  physicians,  a  title,  like 
that  of  Comes  Arehlutro'riim,  given  to  the  chief 
physician  of  an  emperor  or  king.  Archiater  ap- 
pears to  have  meant,  at  times,  the  same  thing. 

EXARMA.  Swelling. 

EXAR'SrO.     A  burning  heat. 

EXARTEMA,  Amuletum. 

EXARTERI'TIS.  Exarterii'tis.  from  ex,  'out 
of,'  and  artcria,  '  an  artery.'  Inflammation  of 
the  outer  coat  of  an  artery. 

EXARTHREMA,  Luxation,  Sprain. 

EXARTHROMA.  Luxation. 

EXARTHROSIS,  Luxatio,  Sprain— e.  Pareti- 
ca,  see  Pareticus. 

EXARTICULATIO,  Amputation,  joint; 
Luxatio. 

EXARYSTS.  Exhaustion. 

EXASPERATIO,  Exacerbation. 

EXC^ECARIA  AGALLOCHA,  Agallochum. 

EXCALEPAC^TIO,   Ec.hauffement. 

EXCARNA'TION,  Exearna'lio,  from  ex,  and 
caro,  carnis,  '  flesh.'  A  mode  of  making  ana- 
tomical preparations,  which  consists  in  separa- 
ting injected  vessels  from  the  parts  in  which 
they  are  situate.  This  is  done  by  means  of  cor- 
rosion bv  an  acid  or  bv  putrefaction. 

EXCASTRATIO,  Castration,  Eunuch. 

EXCATHISMA.  Bath,  half;  Semicupium, 

EXCAVATOR,  Dental,  see  Dental. 

EXCEREBRATIO,  Eccephalosis. 


EXCEREBRATUS 


360 


EXERA1\IA 


EXCEREBRATUS,  Delirious. 

EXCKKNEXT,  SecTeting. 

EXCIDENTIA,  Ecptoma. 

EXCIP'IEXT,  Excip'ieiis,  from  e.rcipere,  (ex, 
and  ciipcrc,)  'to  receive.'  (F.)  Intcnnede.  A 
siibstiiiiee,  which,  in  a  medicinal  prescription, 
gives  form  and  consistence  to  it,  and  serves  as  a 
vehicle  or  medium  for  the  exhibition  of  the  other 
inpredieiits. 

EXCIl'ULA,  Cup. 

EXCISIO,  E II la i lie. 

EXCIS'ION,  Excii'io,  from  excidere,  exciaum, 
{ex,  and  ctEdere,)  'to  cut  off.'  Ec'tome.  A  sur- 
gical operation,  by  which  parts  of  a  small  size 
are  removed  with  a  cutting  instrument. 

EXCITABIL'ITY  ExcitoOil'itas.  Irritability. 
From  exeitore,  {ex,  and  citare,  eitnfum,)  'to  ex- 
cite.' The  faculty,  possessed  by  living  beings, 
of  being  sensible  to  the  action  of  excitants.  The 
doctrine  of  excitability  forms  an  important  part 
of  the  Bnmonian  system. 

EXCITANT,  Stimulant. 

EXCITA'TION,  Excitu'lio,  Excite'ment;  same 
etymon.  The  act  of  exciting;  the  state  of  an 
organ  or  organs  excited.  Excitement  is,  some- 
times, used  synonymously  with  augmented  arte- 
rial action.  The  effect  of  the  exciting  powers 
acting  on  the  excitability,  according  to  Brown, 
constitutes  excitement.  Cullen  used  the  term  to 
express  the  restoration  of  the  energy  and  action 
of  the  brain,  which  had  been  interrupted  by  sleep 
or  some  debilitating  cause, — a  state  opposite  to 
that  of  collapHe.  Not  unfret|uently,  it  is  employed 
in  the  sense  of  excessive  action, — Stiper-excita'tio, 
(F.)  Siir-excitntion. 

EXCITED  DISEASES,  Feigned  diseases. 

EXCITO-MOTION,  see  Excito-motory. 

EXCI'TO-MO'TORY.  {¥.)  Excito-moteur.  An 
epithet  applied  by  Dr.  Marshall  Hall  to  a  division 
of  the  nervous  system — comprising  the  gray  mat- 
ter of  the  spinal  marrow,  with  the  afferent  and 
efferent  nerves  connected  with  it; — all  of  which 
are  concerned  in  reflex  actions  ;  or  those  by  which 
impressions  are  transmitted  to  a  centre,  and  re- 
flected so  as  to  produce  muscular  contraction 
without  sensation  or  volition.  They  constitute 
the  rejiex  nijKleni  of  iierven.     See  Nerves. 

The  term  excito-motioii  has  also  been  employed 
to  signify  motion,  no  matter  how  excited,  by  the 
rcHex  nerves  or  by  volition. — C.  J.  B.  Williams. 

EXCORIATIO,  Ecdora. 

EXCORIA'TION,  Excoria'tio,  Excoriatu'ra, 
Am'yehe.hom  ex,  and  corium,  'skin.'  {F.)  Ecor- 
cliiire.  A  slight  wound,  which  removes  only  the 
skin. 

EXCORIATURA.  Excoriation. 

BXCREA'TION,  Excren'tio,  Exscrea'tio, 
Sciefi'liii,  Easca'tio,  from  ex,  and  screare,  '  to 
spit.'  Act  of  spitting.  (F.)  Crachemeiit.  See 
Exspuitin. 

EX'CREMENT,  Excremen'tnm,  Retrimen'tiim, 
Ex'-i-c'lHiii,  Excre'tio,  Peril'toma,  Diachore'ma, 
Aph'iidnii,  Aplii/den'ma,  Apocho'reon,  Apoc'riais, 
Aidnii.  Ar'diilns,  from  excernere,  excretiini,  {ex, 
and  cenicie,)  'to  separate,'  'cleanse.'  Every- 
thing, which  is  evacuated  from  the  body  of  an 
animal  by  the  natural  emunctories,  as  superfluous; 
such  as  the  faecal  matters,  the  urine,  perspiration, 
nasal  mucus,  &c.  Generally,  however,  the  term 
is  restricted  to  the  faecal  evacuations; — Piirga- 
vientn,  Hedra,  Sedes,  Facea,  Stevens,  Ciicce,  Spat'- 
He,  (especially  when  liquid,)  Dejec'tio  alvi'na 
O'nern  ah'i,  Sordes  veittiis,  Hi/pochore'ma,  Cce'- 
Vii,  Hiip'ichore'ais,  Merda,  3lerdu8,  Catarrhex'is, 
Coprox,  Scot: 

ExcuEMEXT,  Hi'MAN,  Stercus  humanum. 

EXCREMENTIT"IAL,  Excremeiitit"iom,Ex- 
crementit" ins,  (F.)  Excrementeux,  Excrementitiel. 


That  which  is  similar  to  excrement,  and  forma 
part  of  it.  Excieiiiciitiliiil  Innnonin  ur  pnrlii  are 
those  destined  to  bo  evacuated  as  iiicapiible  of 
administering  to  the  nutrition  of  (lie  body. 

EXCREMEN'TO-KECREMKXTIT"lAL,£'x- 
crciiieiito-  ricreiiieiitil"i<>n>i.  Animal  fluids,  in- 
tended to  be  partly  absorbed  and  jiartly  rcjeoted. 

EXCRKS'CENCE,  Exciencen'tia,  Kcphy'via, 
Pfii/mrito'nis,  HijperHnrco'aiii,  Siiicophi/'iu,  Caro 
excres'ceim,  from  exciencere,  {ex,  and  crencere,] 
'  to  grow  outwards.'  (Sc.)  Snialme.  (F.)  AVpco?'*- 
saiice.  A  tumour,  which  forms  at  tlie  surlace  of 
organs,  and  especially  on  the  skin,  mucous  mem- 
branes, or  ulcerated  surfaces.  Excrescences  differ 
in  size,  shape,  cause,  Ac,  and  each  requires  its 
own  treatment.  ]\'(irl8,  condj/liniiata,  poli/pi, 
ho/iionhoidK,  belong  to  this  head. 

EXCRESCENTIA,  Exacerbation,  Protube- 
rance, Tumour- — e.  Carnosa,  Sarcoma  —  e.  Fun- 
gosa,  Fungosity — e.  Gingivaa,  Epulis  —  e.  Vesicse 
urinaria  carnosa,  Cysthypersarcosis, 

EXCRETA,  see  Excretion. 

EXCHErEUR,  Excretory. 

EXCRETIO,  Excretion,  Excrement  — e.  Alvi- 
na.  Defecation — e.  F<eeum  alvinarum.  Defecation 
— e.  Ilrinw  involuntaria,  Enuresis. 

EXCRE'TION,  Excre'tio,  Ec'crisln,  Eracua'- 
tio,  EJcc'tio,  Expid'sio,  Ei/en'tio,  Diackore'ais, 
from  excernere,  excretiim,  {ex,  and  cerncre.)  '  to 
separate.'  The  separation  or  throwing  off  of 
those  matters,  Excre'tn,  E(/e8'tri,  loii'tn,  Apion'tn, 
from  the  body  of  an  animal,  which  are  supposed 
to  be  useless,  as  the  urine,  perspiration,  and 
fseees. 

EXCRETOIKE,  Excretory. 

EX'CRETORY,  Excrelo'rins,  {¥.)  Excrdeur 
ou  Excrdoire ;  same  etymon.  An  Excretory 
vessel  or  duct,  Dnctus  excreto'rins,  is  one  which 
transmits  the  fluid  secreted  by  a  gland  either 
externally  or  into  the  reservoirs  into  which  it  has 
to  be  deposited.  The  existence  of  an  excretory 
duct  was  regarded  as  a  distinctive  character  of 
the  glands  properly  so  called. 

ExcuETORY  Organ  means  any  one  charged 
with  the  oSice  of  excreting;  thus,  the  skin  is 
said  to  be  an  excretory  organ,  because  through 
it  the  perspiration  takes  place. 

EXCRETUM,  Excrement. 

EXCIiOISSANCE.  Excrescence. 

EXCU'TIA  VENTRIC'ULI,  Stomach  Brush. 
An  instrument,  composed  of  iron  or  brass  wire, 
at  one  of  the  extremities  of  which  is  a  pencil  of 
bristles.  Some  ancient  authors  proposed  this  to 
extract  foreign  bodies  from  the  resophagus,  as 
well  as  to  cleanse  the  stomach  of  viscid  and  tena- 
cious matters  adhering  to  it. 

EXECHEBRONCHUS,  Bronchoeele. 

EXECHEGLUTI,  Exischioi. 

EXEDENS,  see  Herpes  exedens. 

EXELCOSIS,  see  Ulceration. 

EXELCYS'MOS,  from  t|,  'from,'  and  «Xow, 
'I  draw.'  Extraction.  Also  the  act  of  breaking 
out  into  ulcers. 

EXELCYSMUS,  Extraction. 

EXENCEPHALE,  from  tl  'out  of,'  and 
tyK!.<pa\ov,  'the  enccphalon.'  A  genus  of  monsters, 
in  which  the  enccphalon  is  situate  in  a  great  mea- 
sure out  of  the  cranium,  the  upper  portion  of 
which  is  almost  wholly  wanting.  Isid.  G.  St. 
Ililaire. 

EXENTERATION,  Exenterisraus. 

EXENTERIS'MUS,  Excntcr'isis,  Exentera'- 
tio,  Exeiitern'tioii,  Eriscera'tioii,  Deriscera'tioii, 
Unhoio'elliiig,  Embow'ellinf/ or  fmbow'elliii'j,  Viace- 
rn'tion,  from  tf,  'out  of,'  and  tvrtftov,  'an  intes- 
tine.'    The  operation  of  taking  out  the  bowels. 

EXERA'MA,  from  tffpuu,  '  I  throw  out.'  Any 
thing  cast  out.  Vomiting;  or  the  matter  vomited. 
— Hippocrates. 


EXEllCISE 


361 


EXOGENOUS 


EX'ERCISE,  Exercila'tio,  Exercifinm,  Aace'- 
tia,  GyiiDKt'aion,  from  exercere,  exercilitm,  'to 
work.'  Every  motion  of  the  body  arising  from 
the  contraction  of  muscles  subjected  to  the  will. 
Also,  the  action  of  any  organ  whatever.  Exer- 
cise may  be  active  or  pasnive.  The  passive  are 
referred  to,  under  the  head  of  Gestation.  The 
chief  active  exercises  are:  —  waliiing,  running, 
dancing,  hunting,  fencing,  playing  at  ball,  cricket, 
racket,  ((uoits,  swimming,  declamation,  and  sing- 
ing. Exercise  is  an  important  prophylactic,  par- 
ticularly for  those  disposed  to  bo  plethoric.  It 
improves  the  digestion  ;  augments  the  secretions; 
nnd,  when  used  in  moderation,  gives  strength  to 
the  Ixxly  ;  but  when  carried  to  excess,  produces 
debililv  and  disease. 

EXKKRIIO'SIS,  from  tl,  'out  of,'  and  pc(o,  'I 
flow.'  The  discharge  which  takes  place  by  in- 
sensibli!  perspiration. 

EXFO-rrATrON.  see  Pregnancy. 

EX  FOLIA  TU\  Exfoliative. 

EXFOLIA'TION,  Enfolia'tlo,  Denquama'tio, 
Edep'txia,  Eclcip'iais,  from  ex,  and  folium,  '  a 
leaf.'  IJy  this  is  meant  the  separation  of  the  dead 
portions  of  a  bone,  tendon,  aponeurosis,  or  car- 
tilage, under  the  form  of  lamellae  or  small  scales. 
Exfoliation  is  accomplished  by  the  instinctive 
action  of  the  parts,  and  its  object  is  to  detach  the 
dead  jiortion  from  those  subjacent,  which  are 
still  alive.  For  this  purpose  the  latter  throw  out 
fleshy  granulations,  and  a  more  or  less  abundant 
suppuration  occurs,  which  tends  to  separate  the 
exfoliated  part,  —  now  become  an  extraneous 
body.  The  ancients  distinguished  exfoliation 
into  seunih/e  and  iiiaennihle,  according  as  the  dead 
portions  of  bone  were  detached  in  fr.agments  of 
greater  or  less  size,  or  in  very  thin  pieces,  and  in 
an  almost  insensible  manner.  When  the  dead 
part  embraces  all  or  almost  all  the  substance  of  a 
bone,  it  takes  the  name  Sequestrum. 

EXFO'LIATIVE.  Exfolinti' i-na,  Desquamnto'. 
riitu,  (F.)  ErfoUatif.  That  which  takes  away  by 
leaves  or  scales.  The  term  has  been  applied  to 
certain  medicines,  which  were  regarded  as  proper 
to  hasten  exfoliation,  such  as  alcohol,  oil  of  tur- 
pentine, tincture  of  myrrh,  Ac. 

Exfo'liativk  Trt;i>a\,  Eclepinitrep' nnum.  An 
ancient  raspatory,  or  instrument  for  scraping  ex- 
foliating portions  of  bone. 

EXHALAISON,  Exhalation. 

EXIIA'LANT,  E.vha'letit,  Exha'lana,  from  ex- 
halnre,  exholatum,  {ex,  and  hnlare,  'to  breathe,') 
'to  exhale,'  'throw  out.' 

ExMAi^ANT  Vesski.s,  Vaaa  exhalan'tia,  are 
very  minute,  and  rise  from  the  arterial  capillary 
system.  The}'  are  situate  in  every  tissue  of  the 
body,  and  on  the  surface  of  the  mucous  and  se- 
rous membranes  and  skin  ;  on  which  each  pours 
its  particular  fluid.  Bichat  distinguished  three 
sets.  1.  The  ejrlcninl,  terminating  on  the  mucous 
and  external  dermoid  system,  where  they  pour 
the  matter  of  perspiration.  2.  The  internal,  com- 
prising those  of  the  areolar  and  medullary  tis- 
sues, and  of  synovial  surfaces;  and,  3.  The  nutri- 
tii-e  ejlialiintu,  which  vary  in  each  organ  where 
they  are  found,  and  preside  over  the  phenomena 
of  composition  and  increase  of  every  part  of  the 
body.  The  exhalants  are  the  antagonists  of  the 
absorbents.  They  are  imaginary  vessels,  inas- 
much as  thev  cannot  be  detected. 

EX  II A  L  AT  1 0,  Evaporation. 

EXIIALA'TION,  Exhala'tio;  same  etymon. 
Anathi/mi'asin,  Apopncu'six,  (F.)  Exhnlfiinon.  A 
function,  by  virtue  of  which  certain  fluids,  oh- 
taincd  from  the  blood,  are  spread,  in  the  form  of 
dew,  in  the  areolae  of  the  difi"erent  textures,  or  at 
the  surface  of  membranes;  either  for  the  sake  of 
being  thrown  out  of  the  body,  or  to  serve  certain 
purposes.     The  sweat  is  a  liquid,  excrementitioua 


exhalation ;    the   serous   fluid    of   the    pleura,  a 
liquid  recrement  it  iiiua  exhalation. 

Exhalation  is,  also,  applied  to  that  which  ex- 
hales from  any  body  whatever,  organic  or  inor- 
ganic, dead  or  living. 

Exhalation,  Pulmonary,  see  Perspiration. 
EXHAUS'TION,  Exar'ysia,  Virea  exhaust' a, 
from  exhanrire,  exhauatum,  [ex,  and  haurire,)  'to 
draw  out.'  (F.)  Epuisement.  Loss  of  strength, 
occasioned  by  excessive  evacuations,  great  fatigue 
or  privation  of  food,  or  by  disease. 

EXHIL'ARANT,  Exhil'arana,  from  ex,  and 
hiloro,  'I  make  merry.'  An  agent  that  exhila- 
rates or  enlivens. 

EXIIUMA'TION,  Exhumn'tio,  Effos'sio,  from 
ex,  and  humua,  'the  ground.'  The  disinterment 
of  a  corpse.  The  circumstances  which  render 
this  necessary  are:  —  1.  Judicial  investigations 
relative  to  the  body  of  the  person  inhumed.  2. 
The  removal  of  a  body  from  one  cemetery  to 
another;  and,  3.  The  evacuation  of  cemeteries  or 
sepulchral  vaults.  The  operation  is  attended 
with  much  unpleasant  smell  and  annoyance,  and 
requires  the  use  of  disinfecting  agents,  of  which 
the  most  powerful  is  chlorinated  lime.  .See  Dis- 
infection. The  putrid  effluvia  from  animal  sub- 
stances are  not,  however,  found  to  excite  endemic 
disease. 

EXIDIA  AURICULA  JVBM,  Peziza  auri- 
cula. 

EXINANIT"IOjSr,  Exinunit"io,  from  ex,  'out 
of,'  and  inanin,  'empty.'  Extreme  exhaustion; 
complete  evacuation. 

EXISCiriUM.  Same  etymon  as  the  next. 
Prominence  of  the  hips. 

EXIS'CHIUS,  Exia'chw,  from  if,  'out  of,' 
and  tcrxtov,  'the  ischium.'  A  luxation  of  the  os 
femoris.  Those  with  large  nates,  and  prominent 
hips,  were  formerly  called  Exis'chioi  and  Exeehe- 
(jlu'ti. 

EXITU'RA,  from  exire,  exitum,  {ex,  and  eo,) 
'to  go  out.'  According  to  some,  any  abscess 
which  discharges.  Paracelsus  calls  thus  every 
kind  of  putrid  excrement. 

EX'ITUS.  Same  etymon.  The  outer  termi- 
nation or  exit  of  a  canal.  The  termination  of  a 
disease. 

EXOARTERITIS,  see  Arteritis. 

EXOCARDIAC,  see  Endocardiac. 

EXOCARDIAL,  see  Endocardiac. 

EXOCARDITIS,  Pericarditis. 

EX'OCHAS,  Ex'oche,  from  e^cx'^'  («!'  »"<! 
cx^u),)  'I  project.'  A  soft  tumour  —  as  a  hemor- 
rhoid— outside  of  the  anus.     An  outward  pile. 

EXOCIIE.  Eminence,  Exochas. 

EXOCIIORION,  see  Chorion. 

EXOCOLITIS,  see  Colitis. 

EXOCULA'TIO,  from  ex,  'out  of,'  and  ocnlna, 
'an  eye.'  Want  of  eyes.  Want  of  vision.  Blind- 
ness. 

EXOCYS'TE,  Exoctju'lia,  from  if,  'out  of,'  and 
KvaTii,  'the  bladder.'  A  prolapsus  of  the  bladder 
into  the  urethra..  Also  called  Frohip'sua  vesi'cce, 
jEdnpto'sia  vesi'ccB,  (F.)  Renvemement  de  la  veasie. 

Exocys'te  Noelia'na.  Protrusion  of  the  in- 
ner membrane  of  the  bladder.  So  called  from 
M.  Noel,  who  first  accurately  described  it. 

Exocys'te  Souxgenia'na.  Protrusion  of  the 
neck  of  the  bladder.  Called  after  M.  Solingen, 
who  first  accurately  described  it. 

EXCEDESIS,  Swelling. 

EXODIC.  Kff-erent. 

EXO(i"EN0US,  from  tf,  'out  of,'  and  ycvvno), 
'I  engender.'  A  term  first  applied  to  plants  — 
hence  called  Ex'ogena  —  in  which  the  wood  in- 
creases by  annual  additions  to  the  outside. 

In  animal  anatomy,  processes  which  shoot  out 
from  any  part  are  termed  exoijenous.     An  exoge- 


EXOGENS 


3G2 


EXPECTORANT 


noun  aneurism  is   one  caused   by  division,  from 
without,  of  the  arterial  walls. 

KXOGENS,  see  Exogenous. 

EXOGOGE,  Extraction. 

EXOGONIUM  PURGA,  Convolvulus  jalapa. 

EXOGONYAN'COX,  from  tfw,  'outwards,' 
yovv,  'the  knee,'  and  ay/cuv,  'an  elbovp.'  Bowing 
of  the  knees  outwards. 

EXUfNE,  E.rueiie,  from  ex,  'out  of,'  and  jcfo- 
ueiis,  'tit,'  or  rather  from  exonerure,  'to  exone- 
rate' [?].  In  France,  a  certificate  of  excuse,  ex- 
emption, or  dispensation,  given  to  those  sum- 
moned to  appear  before  a  court  of  justice,  and 
who  are  unable  to  do  so. 

EXOLCE.  Extraction. 

EXOLUTION,  Syncope. 

EXOMETRA,  Prolapsus  uteri. 

EXOMOIOSIS,  Assimilation. 

EXOMPIIALOCELE,  Exompbalus. 

EXOM'PHALUS.  ExumhiUcii'tio,  ExompJia- 
loce'le,  Oiii'phnloce'le,  Hernia  nnihilica'lis,  Oin- 
phalex'oche,  Oniphalopropto'isii!,  Frolap'snn  umhi- 
li'ci,  (F.)  Ncriiie  omhUicule,  H.  du  nomhril,  Um- 
bilical hernin,  from  £^,  'out  of,'  and  o/;i0aAof,  'tbe 
navel.'  Hernia  occurring  at  tbe  navel.  This 
atfection  happens  more  frequently  in  infants,  and 
takes  place  by  the  umbilical  ring.  In  adults,  it 
occurs  more  commonly  in  females  than  in  males ; 
and,  when  it  does  so,  the  sac  passes  in  the  vici- 
nity of  the  umbilicus.  The  organs,  found  in  this 
kind  of  hernia,  are  particularly,  —  tbe  epiploon, 
the  jejunum,  the  arch  of  the  colon,  and  some- 
times the  stomach.  The  tumour  is,  in  general, 
round,  and  presents  all  the  characters  of  hernia. 
It  is,  commonly,  really  reducible,  and  not  sub- 
ject to  strangulation.  It  must  be  reduced,  and 
retained  by  an  elastic  bandage,  made  in  the  form 
of  a  girdle,  and  furnished  with  a  pad  at  its  middle 
jiart.  When  strangulated,  the  stricture  may  be 
divided  upwards  and  towards  the  left  side. 

EXONCO'MA,  Exonco'nin,  from  tf,  and  oyKo;, 
'a  tumour.'  A  large,  prominent  tumour.  Used, 
\>y  Galen,  for  protuberance  of  the  vertebrae  after 
luxation. 

EXONCOSIS,  Exoncoma  — e.  Linguae,  Glos- 
soncus. 

EXONEIROGMUS,  Pollution,  nocturnal. 

EXONEIROSIS,  Pollution,  nocturnal. 

EXONEURISM,  Magnetism,  animal. 

EXOPHTHAL'MIA,  Ptosis  sen  Prolap'sus  seu 
Prociden'tia  Oc'idi  seu  Bidbi  Octtli,  Exorhitis'- 
miis,  Ophthalnwce'le,  Ophthalmopto'sia,  Oculi  to- 
tius  prominen'tia,  from  el,,  'out  of,'  and  o<p^a\iioi, 
'eye.'  (F.)  Procidence  de  I'ocil.  A  protrusion 
of  the  eye  from  its  orbit,  occasioned  by  an  ab- 
scess or  tumour  in  the  areolar  texture  of  the 
orbit;  by  exostosis  of  the  parietes  of  the  orbit, 
Ac.  In  exopbthalmia,  the  eye  is  pressed  for- 
wards ;  the  eyelids  are  raised  and  separated,  so 
that  they  can  no  longer  cover  the  eye  and  defend 
it  from  the  action  of  extraneous  bodies  ;  it  be- 
comes inflamed,  and  the  sight  is  disturbed  or  de- 
stroyed. The  treatment  of  course  depends  upon 
the  cause. 

Exoi'HTHAi.MiA  Fdngosa,  Sarcosis  bulbi — e. 
Sareomatica,  Sarcosis  bulbi. 

EXOPHTHALMUS,  same  etymon.  One  whose 
eyes  are  very  prominent.  The  opposite  to  Coe- 
lophthalmus. 

EXORBITISMUS,  Exopbthalmia. 
EXORMIA,  Papula  —  e.  Lichen,  Lichen  —  e. 
Prurigo.  Prurigo— e.  Strophulus,  Strophulus. 
EXORTUS  UNGUIUiM,  see  Nail. 
EXOSIS,  Luxation. 
EXO-SKELETON,  see  Skeleton. 
EXOSMA,    from   tf,    'out   of,'   and   uQeto,    'to 
move.'     A  luxated  or  dislocated  limb  or  organ. 
EXOSMIC,  Exosmotie. 
EXOSMOSE',  Exosmo'sis,  Transuda'tion,  from 


£^,  'out  of,'  and  lociios,  'impulse.'  The  oppnpjte 
to  Endosmose.  The  act  l)y  which  substances 
transude  from  within  to  without  an  animal  or 
other  niemhrane. 

EXOSMOT'IC,  Exnsmnt' icHi,  Exns'mic,  Exoi'. 
mic'ts ;  same  etymon.  Belonging  toExosmose: 
— as  an  cxomtiotic  current. 

EXOSSATIO,  Exostosis. 

EXOSTEMMA  CARIB^A,  Cinchonso  cnri- 
baoiP  cortex. 

EXOSTOMA.  Exostosis. 

EXOSTOSE,  Exostosis  —  e.  des  Dents,  Exos- 
tosis dcntium — e.  Smts-inuj^nle,  see  Subungiiinl. 

EXOSTO'SIS,  I/upcrofto'sis,  Emplni'mii  ex- 
ostosis, Exostij'iiin,  Ejiosto' ma,  Epostii'iii,  Oste- 
o'nia,  Osto'nin.  Osteupli'i/ta,  Exossn'tiii,  OksIh 
Eminen'tia,  (F.)  Exostose,  Osleophi/tc ;  from  c(, 
'out  of,'  and  oartnv,  'a  bone.'  An  os^scoiis  tu- 
mour, which  forms  at  the  surface  of  bones,  or  in 
their  cavities.  Various  kinds  have  been  cniune- 
rated.  I'vory  Extisto'sis ;  (F.)  E.eburne.e; — that 
which  has  tlie  appearance  and  consistence  of 
ivory.  Lnm'innr  Exostii'sis ;  (F.)  E.  Lnmiiu'e; — 
that  which  is  formed  of  laniitue  in  super|H)sition, 
or  of  distinct  filaments.  The  SpuiKjij  Exasta'sis 
is  that  whose  structure  is  analogous  to  the  spongy 
tissue  of  bones.  Exostoses  are  sometimes  distin- 
guished into  the  triw,  which  seem  to  be  a  iirojcc- 
tion  of  the  ()Sseons  substance,  and  which  have  the 
same  organization  and  hardness  as  that  substance; 
and  the  false  or  osteo-sareoma.  Exostosis  may 
depend  on  sypliilis,  scrofula,  rickets,  gout,  Ac. 
In  such  cases,  it  is  important  to  get  rid  of  ths 
primary  disease. 

Those  exostoses,  which  occur  within  the  bones, 
have,  by  some,  been  called  Enostoses. 

Exostosis,  Spina  ventosa. 

Exostosis  Dentium,  (F.)  Exostose  des  Deuts. 
Exostosis  of  the  teeth. 

Exostosis  Stkatomatodes,  Osteosteatoma — e. 
Subunguial,  see  Subunguial. 

EXOTERIC,  see  Esoteric. 

EXOT'lC,  Exo'tictis,  from  efu,  'without.'  That 
which  comes  from  abroad.  Plants  or  drugs  which 
are  procured  from  abroad  are  so  called.  It  is 
opposed  to  indigenous. 

EXOTICADEN'IA,  from  exotie,  and  akio,  'I 
dislike.'     Aversion  for  exotic  drugs. 

EXOTICH;?:MATOSrS,  Transfusion. 

EXOTICOMA'XIA.  The  opposite  to  exotica- 
denia.     Fondness  for  exotic  remedies. 

EXOTICOSYM'PIIYSIS,  from  i^wTiKOi,  'fo- 
reign,' and  avii<pvaii,  'a  growing  together.'  A 
union  or  growing  together  of  foreign  bodies,  as 
of  a  foreign  body  with  the  human. 

EXPANSIO,  Expansion  —  e.  Musculosa,  Pla- 
tysma  my<iides. 

EXPAN'SION,  Expan'aio,  from  ex]X(ndere, 
expansum,  (ex,  and  pandere,  'to  open,')  'to  spread 
out.'  A  prolongation  or  spreading  out,  presented 
by  certain  organs.  Thus,  we  say  an  aponeurotic 
expansion,  &c. 

EXPATRATIO,  Ejaculation  (of  Sperm.) 

EXPECTANT,  Exspec'tans,  from  exspeelare, 
exspectatnm,  (ex,  and  spcctare,  'to  look,')  'to 
wait.'  That  which  waits: — as  ExpeclanI  Medi- 
cine,— La  Medeeine  expectante.    See  Expectation. 

EXPECTA'TION,  Exsj>,-cta'tio ;  .same etymon. 
The  word  expectation  has  been  applied,  in  medi- 
cine, to  that  method,  which  consists  in  observing 
the  progress  of  diseases,  and  removing  deranging 
influences,  without  prescribing  active  medicine.", 
unless  such  shall  be  imperiously  required.  It 
consists,  in  fact,  in  leaving  the  disease  alinoft 
wholly  to  the  efforts  of  nature,  and  has  been 
termed  the  art  of  curing  diseases  by  expeetutlon 
or  waitinrj — Ars  sanan'di  cum  expectatio'ue. 

EXPECTORANT,  Expec'torative,  Expn'lo- 
rans,  Anacathar'ticue,  Sputato'rius,  Antibe'chicut, 


EXPECTORATIO 


3  0  3 


EXSTROPHIA 


I'li/H'iii'if/otjiie,  from  ex,  'out  of,'  and  pectui,  pcc- 
toiii,  'tiie  breast.'  A  medicine  capable  of  facili- 
tating or  provoking  expectoration.  There  is  pro- 
liably  no  such  thing  as  a  direct  expectorant. 
Tbcy  all  act  through  the  system,  or  by  impres- 
sion!* iliade  on  parts  at  a  distance,  which,  through 
the  inciiium  of  general,  continuous,  or  contiguous 
fiympathy,  excite  the  secretory  vessels  of  the  air- 
pa.^siigcs  into  action.  The  following  are  the 
chief  reputed  expectorants  : — Ammoniacum ;  Asa- 
fd'tida;  Galbanum;  Ipecacuanha;  Myroxylon ; 
Myrrlia;  Inhalations  of  Iodine,  Stramonium, 
Tar,  Burning  Wool,  Tobacco,  <tc. ;  Scillaj  Sene- 
ga, and  Tolutanum. 

EXPECTORATIO,  Expectoration  —  e.  San- 
guinis, Ilaimoptysis  —  e.  Solida,  Cynanche  tra- 
chea lis. 

EXl'ECTORA'TION,  Expectora'tio,  EcxheV- 
ynin,  Bex  hu'mida,  Aitap'ti/sii,  Prop'tyais,  Stetho- 
cnlhftr'ais,  Anacalhar'sis,  Anahex'is,  liaising. 
Same  etymon.  The  act  of  expelling  from  the 
chest  matters  or  secretions  there  colle<'ted  or  ex- 
isting. It  is,  likewise,  used  for  the  expectorated 
matter. 

EXPECTORATION'  BE  SANG,  ILxmop- 
tysis. 

Expectoration,  Prune-juice,  see  Prune- 
juiee. 
EXPECTORATIVE,  Expectorant. 
EXPELLENS,  Expulsive. 

EXPE'RIENCE,  Experien'tia,  Peira,  Empei'- 
rn,  from  tf,  and  irti/va,  'a  trial.'  A  knowledge  of 
things  aecjuired  by  observation.  In  medicine, 
this  knowledge  can  be  obtained  both  by  the  prac- 
titioner's own  experience,  and  by  that  obtained 
from  tradition  and  from  books.  To  protit  by  ex- 
perience requires  a  mind  capable  of  appreciating 
the  proper  relations  between  cause  and  efi'ect ; 
and  hence  it  happens,  that  fdise  experience,  Ex- 
perien'lia  falldx,  is  extretnely  common  ;  and  that 
a  man  had  better,  in  many  instances,  trust  to 
that  whioh  he  has  learned  from  others,  than  to 
his  own  fallacious  observation. 

The  union  of  accurate  observation  by  the  phy- 
sician with  that  handed  down  by  medical  writers 
coni^tihites  perfect  experience,  so  far  as  it  is  at- 
tainable in  any  individual  case. 

EXPERIENCE,  Experiment — e.  de  jVariotte, 
Mariolte,  experiment  of. 

EXPER'IMENT,  Expcrimen'tum ;    same    ety- 
mon.    (F.)    Experience.     A   trial,   made   on    the 
bodies  of  men  or  animals,  for  the  purpose  of  de- 
tecting the  efi'ect  of  a  remedy,  or  of  becoming 
better  acquainted  with  their  structure,  functions, 
or  pccnliarities.     In    a   more    general    sense,    it 
means  .any  trial  instituted  with  the  intent  of  be- 
coming better  acquainted  with  any   thing.     By 
experiments  on  living  animals,  we  have  obtained 
much  valuable  information  in  the  various  depart- 
ments of  medicine ;    but   particularly  in  physi- 
ology and  toxicology. 
Experiment  of  Mariotte,  see  Jlariotte. 
Experiment  of  Wepfer,  E.vperimen'tum  Wep- 
feria'num.    An  experiment  attributed  to  AVepfer, 
which  consisted  in  injecting  air  into  the  blood- 
vessels of  animals,  with  the  view  of  observing  its 
effects  on  the  economv. 
EXPERS  NUPTIARUM,  Virgin. 
EXPERT (F.),  Expcr'tHs,  from  e.r,  und peritun, 
'skilled.'    Skilful  or  of  good  experience.    A  phy- 
sician, charged  with  the  duty  of  making  a  report, 
(F.)  K.rprriisc,  upon  any  case  of  legal  medicine. 
EXPK/i'T/Si:,  see  Expert. 
EXPIR.V'TION,  E.vplra'tio,  E.rspirn't{o,  Ec'- 
piioe,    Ecjiiieiiniato'Kis,    Eepnen'nln,    Apnpneu'sin, 
Apop'noe,    Aj>i>j)n<v'a,   from    e-mpirare.   (ex,   and 
fpirarc,  spirnttini,)  'to  breathe  out.'     The  act  of 
e.\pelling  from  the  chest,  the  air  received  during 
respiration. 


EX'PIRATORY,  Expiratio'n i  inser'viens. 
Same  etymon.  Relating  or  appertaining  to  ex- 
piration. The  expiratory  muscles  are  all  those 
which  contribute  to  diminish  the  cavity  of  the 
chest,  for  the  purpose  of  expelling  the  air  con- 
tained in  the  lungs,  or  of  producing  expiration. 
These  muscles  are,  chiefly,  the  intereostals,  tri- 
angularis sterni,  quadratus  lumborum,  serratus 
posticus  inferior,  the  oblique  and  recti  muscles  of 
the  abdomen,  and  the  sacro-lumbalis. 

EXPLORATIO,  Exploration  — e.  Abdominis, 
Abdominoscopia. 

EXPLORA'TION,  E.rplorn'tin,  Pecofjnif'io, 
from  explorare,  explorntum,  'to  search  into.'  The 
act  of  observing  and  attentivelj'  examining  or  in- 
vestigating every  thing  connected  with  a  case  of 
disease.  The  word  is  chiefly  used  in  this  sense 
by  the  French  practitioners. 

EXPLORA'TOR,  CHEST.  An  instrument, 
proposed  by  Dr.  B.  Babington  for  exploring  the 
chest  in  cases  of  empyema.  It  consists  of  a 
needle,  contained  in  the  smallest  sized  canula. 
This  is  passed  between  the  ribs  into  the  chest. 
The  needle  is  then  withdrawn,  and  the  escape  of 
fluid  indicates  the  nature  of  the  case. 

EXPLORATORIUM,  Sound,  Specillnm. 

EXPRES'SION,  E.rpres'aio,  Ecpiea'mns,  Ec- 
thlip'aia,  from  ex,  'out  of,'  and  jtreniere,  prcaaum, 
'to  press.'  The  act  of  compressing  a  substance, 
for  the  purpose  of  separating  from  it  the  fluids 
whicli  it  contains.  Also,  the  manner  in  which 
impressions  made  upon  us  are  depicted;  especi- 
ally in  the  traits  of  the  countenance. 

Expression  of  Sweat,  (F.)  Suenr  d'exprea- 
sion,  is  a  term  given  to  the  passive  perspiration 
observable  in  very  debilitated  individuals. 

EXPUrriON,  Exspuition. 

EXPULSIO,  Excretion — e.  Fajcum,  Defecation 
— e.  FciPtfls,  Parturition. 

EXPVLSIF.  Expulsive. 

EXPULSION,  SPONTANEOUS,  Evolution, 
spontaneous. 

EXPUL'SIVE,  Expel'lena,  Expvho'riva,  (F.) 
Expuhif,  from  expel/ere,  expulaum,  (ex,  and  pel- 
lere,)  '  to  drive  away.' 

'  An  expulaive  bandage,  (F.l  Bandage  expuhif, 
is  one  constructed  with  the  view  of  compressing 
a  part,  from  which  we  are  desirous  of  expelling 
pus,  serum,  Ac.  Certain  medicines  were  formerly 
called  expiilaives,  which  were  believed  to  have 
the  power  of  driving  the  humours  towards  the 
skin  : — as  diaphoretics,  and  sndorifics. 

EXPULTRIX,  see  Vis  expultrix. 

EXSA NG I  'E.  Exanguious. 

EXSANGUINE,  Exanguious. 

EXSANGUINITY,  Anamia. 

EXSANGUIS,  Exanguious.  Exsangnia  is 
used  by  Ausonius  for  one  exhausted  by  venery; 
— as  aangvia  meant  sperm  as  well  as  blood.  See 
Sperm. 

EXSARCOMA,  Sarcoma. 

EXSCREATIO.  Excreation. 

EXSECTIO  VIRILIUM,  Castration. 

EXSECTUS.  Castratus,  Eunuch. 

EXSICCATIO.  Drvinsr. 

EXSICCATIVA,  Desiccativa. 

EXSOLUTIO.  Eclysis. 

EXSPIRATIO.  Exspiration. 

EXSPUIT"ION,  Exxpnit"io,  SpinY'io,  Spu- 
ta'tin,  Anaclircmp'aia,  Apoeliremp'sla.  Chremp'nis, 
Pli/aia,  Anacine'mn,  Anncine'aia,  (F.)  Expiiilion, 
Spntalion,  from  ex,  'out  of,'  and  spno,  'I  spit.' 
Rejection  of  the  matters  accumulated  in  the  pha- 
rynx and  larvnx;  spitting. 

EXSTASIS.  Eestasis, 

EXSTIR PATIO,  Extirpation. 

EXSTROPiriA,  Ex'atrophy.  Ec'etmphe,  from 
tf.  'out  of,'  and  crpocfirj,  'turning.'  Ejlrnver'aio, 
Extrover'aion.    Eversion  or  turning  out  of  a  part 


EXSUCCATIO 


8  04 


EXTENSOR 


— as  of  the  eyelids.  A  term  used  by  M.  Chaus- 
sier  for  certain  displacements  of  organs,  and 
especially  of  the  urinary  bladder. 

ExsTiiopii'iA  or  Ex'sTiiopHY  OP  THE  Bladder, 
(F.)  Reitvernemeiit  de  la  Vessic,  is  a  faulty  con- 
formation, in  which  the  organ  opens  above  the 
pubes  ;  so  that  in  the  hypogastric  region  there  is 
a  red,  mucous  surface,  formed  by  the  inner  coat 
of  the  bladder;  on  which  two  prominences  are 
distinguishable,  corresponding  to  the  openings 
of  the  ureters. 

EXSUCCATIO.  Ecchymoma. 

EXSUC'TIO.  Siic'tio,  Ecmyze'sis,  from  ex,  and 
eiirjere.  mictitm,  'to  suck.'    The  action  of  sucliing. 

■EXSUD\TI0,  Ephidrosis. 

EXSUFFLATIO,  Ecphysesis. 

EXTA,  fee  Entrails. 

EXTASE,  Ecstasis.  ' 

EXTEMPORA'NEOUS,  Extempora'neus,  Ex- 
temporn'lis,  (F. )  Extemporane,  from  ex,  and  tem- 
pns,  (emporis,  'out  of  time.'  Those  prescriptions 
are  called  'extemporaneous,' or  'magistral,' which 
are  made  on  the  Spot,  and  composed  according  to 
the  presr-rintion  of  the  physician. 

EXTENSEUR  COMMUN  DES  DOIGTR, 
Extensor  digitorum  communis  —  e.  Commiin  des 
orteih.  Extensor  communis  digitorum  pedis  —  e. 
Court  dii  ponce,  Extensor  pollicis  brevis — e.  Long 
da  ponce.  Extensor  longus  pollicis  —  e.  Petit  des 
orteih,  Extensor  brevis  digitorum  pedis — e. 
Propre  dii  petit  doigt.  Extensor  proprius  minimi 
digiti  —  e.  Propre  de  I' Index,  Extensor  proprius 
indicis. 

EXTENSIBIL'ITY,  Extcnsihil'itas.  A  pro- 
perty, possessed  by  certain  bodies,  of  being  ca- 
pable of  extension  or  elongation. 

EXTEXSTO,  Extension,  Tetanus. 

EXTEN'SION,  Exten'sio,  Tasis,  Ec'tasis,  Ca- 
tnt'aiix,  Anat'nuis,  from  extendere,  {ex,  and  ten- 
dere,  tensiim,)  'to  stretch  out.'  An  operation  in 
surgery,  in  which  either  with  the  hands  alone,  or 
by  straps,  a  fractured  or  luxated  limb  is  pulled 
strongly,  to  restore  it  to  its  natural  position.  It 
is  the  opposite  of  Counter-extennion. 

EXTENSOR.  Same  etymon.  (F.)  Exfcnseur. 
A  muscle,  whose  office  is  to  extend  certain  parts. 

Extensor  Brevis  Digito'rum  Prdis,  Ped'i- 
om,  (F.)  Cd/caneo-phnlanr/inien  commun,  of  Du- 
J[AS  ;  Muscle  pp.dieux  ou  petit  extcnueur  des  orteila, 
Calcanio-sns-phcilangeitien  commun — (Ch.),  Carre 
dii  pied  ;  Short  Extennor  of  the  Toes.  A  muscle, 
sitttate  on  the  dorsal  region  of  the  foot.  It  arises 
from  the  external  surface  of  the  calcancum,  and 
at  the  anterior  edge  of  a  ligament,  which  unites 
that  bone  to  the  astragalus.  Anteriorly,  each  of 
its  divisions  terminates  by  a  small  tendon,  which 
is  fixed  successively,  at  the  superior  part  of  the 
posterior  extremity  of  the  first  phalanx  of  the 
great  toe,  and  to  the  second  and  last  phalanges 
of  the  next  three  toes.  Its  use  is  to  extend  the 
first  four  toes,  and  to  direct  them  a  little  outwards. 

Extensor  Carpi  Radialis  Brevis,  see  lladi- 
alis  —  e.  Carpi  radialis  longus,  see  Radialis  —  e. 
Carpi  ulnaris,  see  Cubital  muscles. 

Extensor  Commu'nis  DioiTo'nusf  Pedis,  E. 
Longus  Digitorum  Pedis,  E.  Digitorum  longus, 
Cnemodactijla' us.  (F.)  Peroneo-tihi-sns-phalanget- 
tien  commun,  Peroneo-sus-phnlangetticn  commun, 
Extenseur  commun  des  Orteils.  This  musole, 
also,  is  situate  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  leg.  It 
is  long,  thin,  flattened,  simple,  and  fleshy  above, 
and  divided  into  four  tendons  below.  It  arises 
from  the  outer  tuberosity  of  the  tibia  and  the  an- 
terior surface  of  the  fibula,  and  is  inserted  into 
the  superior  part  of  the  posterior  extremity  of 
the  second  and  third  phalanges  of  the  last  four 
toes.  It  extends  the  three  phalanges  of  these 
toes. 

Extensor  Digito'rum  Commu'.vis,  E.  digito- 


rum communis  mnnds  cum  exienso're  pro'prto  aiirt- 
cnla'ris,  Digito'rum  Tensor;  (F.)  Epicondylo- 
Rus-phnlangettien  commun  —  (Ch.,)  —  Extenseur 
commun  des  Dolgts,  Counnon  Extensor  of  the  Fin- 
gers. A  long,  flattened  muscle;  simple  above, 
and  divided  into  four  portions  inferiorly.  It  is 
situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  forearm; 
arises  from  the  external  tuberosity  of  the  hume- 
rus ;  from  the  aponeurosis  of  tlie  forenrni,  and 
from  the  aponeurotic  septa  situate  between  it  and 
the  neighbouring  muscles,  and  is  inserted  at  the 
posterior  surface  of  the  second  and  third  phn- 
langos  of  the  last  four  fingers.  This  muscle  ex- 
tends the  phalanges  of  the  last  four  fingers  upon 
each  other,  and  upon  the  metacarpal  bone.  It 
can,  also,  extend  the  hand  on  the  forearm. 

Extensor  DiciTOiirnr  Loxons,  E.  communis 
digitorum  pedis  —  e.  Longus  digitorum  jicdis,  E. 
communis  digitorum  pedis — e.  Proprius  hallucis, 
E.  proprius  pollicis  pedis — e.  Indicis,  E.  proprius 
indicis  —  e.  Internodii  ossis  pollicis,  E.  longus 
pollicis  —  e.  Primi  internodii.  Abductor  longus 
pollicis. 

Extensor  Poi/ijcis  Brevis,  E.  minor  pol'Ucis 
manAs  seu  primi  interno'dii  seu  pol'Ucis  primus 
sen  secun'di  interno'dii  (Douglas,)  seu  secun'di 
interno'dii  ossis  pol'Ucis  ;  (F.)  Cubitn-sus-phalan- 
gien  du  pouce, — (Ch.),  Court  extenseur  dn  pouce. 
Seated  at  the  posterior  and  inferior  part  of  the 
forearm.  It  is  thin,  long,  and  broader  at  its 
middle  than  at  the  extremities.  It  arises  from 
the  posterior  surface  of  the  ulna  and  the  inter- 
osseous ligament,  and  is  inserted  behind  the  su- 
perior extremity  of  the  first  phalanx  of  the 
thumb.  It  extends  the  thumb,  and  aids  in  supi- 
nation. 

Extensor  Pol'licis  Longus;  E.  major  pol'U- 
cis mands  seu  secun'di  interno'dii  seu  pollicis 
seeun'dns  seu  ter'tii  interno'dii  (DoUGLAS,)  seu 
interno'dii  ossis  pol'licis,  (F.)  Cuhito-sus-phnlnn- 
gcttien  du  pouce, — (Ch.),  3fuscle  long  extenseur  du 
pouce.  This  muscle  is  long,  flat,  and  fusiform; 
and  is  seated  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  forearm. 
It  arises  from  the  posterior  surfiice  of  the  ulna 
and  the  interosseous  ligament,  and  is  inserted  at 
the  posterior  part  of  the  superior  extremity  of  the 
first  phalanx  of  the  thumb.  It  extends  the  last 
phalanx  of  the  thumb  upon  the  first. 

Extensor  Pro'prius  In'dicis,  E.  proprius 
primi  d!g"iti  manOs,  E.  In'dicis,  Indica'tor  seU 
secun'di  interno'dii  in'dicis  pro'prius.  (P.)  Cu- 
hito-sus-phalangettien  de  I'lndex, — (Ch.),  Exten- 
seur propre  de  V Index.  This  muscle  is  long  and 
thin  ;  broader  in  the  middle  than  at  the  extremi- 
ties;  and  is  situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  the 
forearm.  It  arises  from  the  posterior  surface  of 
the  ulna,  and  is  inserted  at  the  posterior  part  of 
the  upper  extremity  of  the  second  and  third  pha- 
langes of  the  indox-fingor.  It  extends  the  three 
phalanges  of  the  index-finger;  and  has,  besides, 
the  same  uses  as  the  other  extremities  of  the 
fingers. 

Extensor  Pro'prius  Min'imi  Dig"iti,  (F.) 
Epicon'h/lo-sus-phnlangettien  du  petit  doigt, — 
(Ch.),  Extenseur  propre  dn  petit  doigt.  Situate 
on  the  inside  of  the  Extensor  communis  digilo'rwii. 
It  arises  from  the  external  condyle  of  the  OS 
humeri  and  the  aponeurotic  septa  seated  between 
it,  the  extensor  communis  digitorum,  and  the 
extensor  carpi  ulnaris  ;  and  is  inserted  into  the 
last  two  phalanges  of  the  little  finger.  Its  use  is 
to  extend  the  little  finger,  and  even  the  hand 
upon  the  forearm. 

Extensor  Pro'prius  Poi,'ltcts  Pedis,  E.  pro- 
prius Hnl'lucis  seu  Longus  (Doi'GLAS,)  seu  pollicis 
longus,  Peroneo-sus-phalangien  du  pouce,  Peronh- 
SHS-phnl.angettien  du  pouce, — (Ch.)  This  muscle 
is  situate  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  leg.    It  i« 


EXTENUATIO 


3  65 


EXTR ACTUM 


fleshy,  broad,  flat  above;  small  and  tendinous 
below.  It  iirices  from  the  anterior  part  of  the 
inidflic  third  of  the  fibula,  and  is  inserted  into  the 
posterior  jiart  of  the  superior  extremity  of  the 
last  i)halanx  of  the  great  toe.  It  extends  the 
iant  phalanx  of  the  great  toe  upon  the  first,  and 
the  first  ujxin  the  first  metacarpal  bone. 

ExTKNsoR  PiuMi  Inteunodii,  E.  polUcis  brevis 
—  e.  Secuiidi  internodii,  E.  pollicis  brevis,  Ex- 
tensor loncjus  poUieis  —  e.  Secundi  internodii  in- 
dicis  proprius,  E.  proprius  indicis — e.  Tertii  inter- 
nodii, E.  longus  pollicis  —  e.  Tertii  internodii 
indifis,  Prior  annularis  —  e.  Tertii  internodii  mi- 
nimi di^^iti,  Al)ductor  minimi  digiti  —  e.  Ossis 
inetacarpi  pollicis  manfls.  Abductor  longus  pol- 
licis— e.  Pollicis  longus,  E.  proprius  pollicis  pedis 
— e.  Pollicis  seeundus,  E.  longus  pollicis — e.  Mi- 
nor pollicis  manils,  E.  pollicis  brevis  —  e.  Primus 
pollicis,  Abductor  longus  pollicis. 

Extensor  Tarsi  Magnus,  E.  Tarsi  sura'lis. 
A  name  given,  by  some  anatomists,  to  the  gas- 
trocnemius and  soleus  combined. 

ExTKXsoH  Tarsi  Minor,  Plantar  muscle. 

EXTENUATIO,  Emaciation. 

EXTKIKJENTIA,  Detergents. 

EXTEll'NAL  DISEASES,  Extrin'aic  Bis- 
enses,  Morhi  extriu'sect,  Surgical  diseases,  (F.) 
Maladies  externes.  Those  diseases  which  occupy 
the  surface  of  the  body,  and  form  the  object  of 
surgical  pothology,  requiring,  generally,  external 
means,  or  surgical  operations. 

EXTERNA  T.  The  post  or  office  of  an  externe. 

EXTEKXE,  see  House-surgeon. 

EXTlillNIIS  AURIS,  Laxator  tympani  — e. 
Mallei,  Laxator  tympani. 

EXTESTICULATUS,  Castratus,  Eunuch. 

EXTINCT  10,  Death— e.  Ilydrargyri,  Ex- 
tinction of  Mercury — e.  Mercurii,  Extinction  of 
Mercury. 

ExTiNCTio  Vocis,  (P.)  Extinction  de  mix.  The 
French  use  this  term  for  cases  in  which  the  voice 
is  not  wholly  suppressed,  but  jiroduccs  only  fee- 
ble sounds  : — Incomplete  aphonia. 

Extin'c'tion  of  Mer'curv,  Extinc'tio  Ilfercu'rii 
seu  Ilydrar'yi/ri.  Trituration  of  mercury  with 
lard  or  other  suhstance,  until  the  metiiUic  globules 
disappear.  The  mercury  is  tlien  so  divided,  that 
it  forms  a  black  powder,  generally  considered 
to  be  a  protoxide  of  mercurj',  but,  perhaps,  erro- 
neouslv. 

EXtlRPATIO,  Extirpation— e.  Lingua,  Glos- 
fiosteresis — e.  Tosticulorum,  Castratio. 

EXTIUPA'TIOX,  Extirpa'tio,  Exstirpa'tio, 
Abltt'lio,  Ajihce'resia,  from  exfirpnre,  {ex,  and 
ttirps,  'a  root,')  'to  root  out.'  The  complete  re- 
moval or  destruction  of  any  part,  either  by  cut- 
ting instruments  or  the  action  of  caustics.  Thus, 
we  speak  of  the  extirpation  of  cancer,  polypus, 
encvstod  tumour,  Ac. 

EXTOMIUS.  Eunuch. 

EXTOZOA.  Ectozoa. 

EXTOZOAIRES,  Ectozoa. 

EXTOZOA HIA,  Ectozoa. 

EXTRA  .  PEL  VIO-PUDI-  TROCHANTE- 
RIEX,  Obturator  externus. 

EXTR.\CT,  E.Ktractum  —  e.  of  Aconite,  Ex- 
tractum  acoiiiti— e.  of  Aconite,  alcoholic,  Extrac- 
tum  aeoniti  alcoholicum  —  e.  Alcoholic,  see  Ex- 
tractum  —  e.  of  Aloes,  Extractum  aloes  —  e.  of 
Bark,  Extractum  cinchoni\; — e.  of  Bark,  resinous, 
Extractum  cinchona^  re.sinosum — o.  of  Belladonna, 
Kxtractiim  belladonnip  —  e.  of  Belladonna,  alco- 
holic, Extractum  belladonn.T-  alcoholicum  —  e. 
of  Bitterswc^'t,  Extractum  dulcamarfB  — e.  of 
Broom-tops.  Extractum  oacuminnm  genistfe — e. 
of  Butternut,  K\lractum  juglandis — e.  of  Casca- 
rilla,  resinous.  Extractum  cascarilhp  resinosuni — 
e.  of  Chamomile,  K.  anthcmidis — e.  of  Cinchona, 
Extractum  cinchona} — e.  of  Culchicum,  Extract 


of  Colehicum  —  e.  of  Colchicum,  acetic,  Extrac- 
tum colchici  aceticum — e.  of  Colocynth,  Extrac- 
tum colocynthidis  —  e.  of  Colocynth,  compound, 
Extractum  colocynthidis  compositum — e.  of  Cu- 
bebs,  fluid,  Extractum  cubebaj  fluidum  —  e.  of 
Dandelion,  Extractum  taraxaci — e.  of  Elaterium, 
Extractum  elaterii  —  e.  of  Ergot,  Ergotin  —  e. 
Ethereal,  see  Extractum — e.  of  Foxglove,  Ex- 
tractum digitalis- — e.  of  Gentian,  Extractum  gen- 
tianae — e.  of  Hemlock,  Extractum  cicutse — e.  of 
Hellebore,  black,  Extractum  hellebori  —  e.  of 
Hemlock,  alcoholic,  Extractum  conii  alcoholicum 

—  e.  of  Henbane,  Extractum  hyoscyami  —  e.  of 
Henbane,  alcoholic,  Extractum  hyoscyami  alco- 
holicum—  e.  of  Hops,  Extractum  huinili,  E. 
lupuli  —  e.  of  Jalap,  Extractum  jalapaj  —  e.  of 
Lettuce,  Extractum  lactucae  —  e.  of  Liquorice, 
Extractum  glycyrrhizaj — e.  of  Logwood,  Extrac- 
tum hacmatoxyli  —  e.  of  Mayapple,  Extractum 
podophylli — e.  of  Meat,  saponaceous,  Osmazome 
— e.  of  Nux  Vomica,  Extractum  nucis  vomicae — 
e.  of  Oak-bark,  Extractum  corticis  quercfls  —  e. 
of  Pareira  Brava,  Extractum  pareiras  —  e.  of 
White  Poppy,  Extractum  papaveris — e.  of  Quas- 
sia, Extractum  quassiae — e.  of  Quinia,  Extractum 
quiniae — e.  of  Rhatany,  Extractum  kranicrisB — e. 
of  Rhubarb,  Extractum  rhei  —  e.  of  Rhubarb, 
fluid,  Extractum  rhei  fluidum  —  e.  of  Rue,  Ex- 
tractum rutae — e.  of  Sarsaparilla,  Extractum  sar- 
saparillae  —  e.  of  Sarsaparilla,  fluid,  Extractum 
sarsaparillae  fluidum  —  e.  of  Saviue,  Extractum 
foliorura  sabinac  —  e.  of  Senna,  fluid,  Extractum 
sennae  fluidum  —  e.  of  Spigelia  and  Senna,  Ex- 
tractum spigeliae  et  sennaj  —  e.  of  Stramonium, 
Extractum  stramonii — e.  of  Uva  Ursi,  Extractum 
uvaj  ursi — e.  of  Valerian,  Extractum  valerian89 

—  e.  of  Wormwood,  Extractum  cacumiuum  ab- 
sinthii. 

EXTRACTA,  see  Extractum  —  e.  Fluida,  see 
Extractum. 

EX  TEA  C  TTF,  Extra  cti  ve. 

EXTRACTION,  Extrae'tio,  Exa'resis,  Ex- 
ogo'ge,  Exolce,  Exelcys'mus,  Enchi/lo'sia,  from 
extraheve,  extractum,  (ex,  and  trahere,)  'to  draw 
out.'  The  act  of  removing  an  extraneous  sub- 
stance from  any  part  of  the  body.  Thus,  a 
sjilinter  is  said  to  be  extracted.  It  is  also  ap- 
l)lied  to  the  removal  of  certain  parts.  The  cata- 
ract is  said  to  be  extracted ;  a  tooth  is  extracted, 
when  carious,  &c. 

EXTRACTIVE,  (F.)  Extract!/.  Same  ety- 
mon. A  peculiar,  immediate  principle,  which 
has  been  admitted  in  extracts.  Thus,  bitter 
extractive  is  the  immediate  principle  of  bitter 
vegetables,  &c. 

EXTRACTS,  see  Extractum  — e.  Fluid,  see 
Extractum. 

EXTRACTUM,  E.rtract,  Ecchylo'ma,  (F.) 
Extra  it,  Apostole.  Same  etymon.  An  extract 
is  prepared  by  evaporating  vegetable  solutions, 
till  a  tenacious  mass  is  obtained.  When  prepared 
from  an  infusion  or  decoction,  it  is  called  a  watery  ; 
from  ether,  an  ethereal;  and  from  alcohol,  an 
alcohol'ic  or  a  spirituous  extract.  Both  kinds 
contain  all  the  principles  of  the  vegetable  that 
are  soluble  in  the  menstrua  with  which  they  are 
pre])ared  ;  but  the  volatile  parts  are  dissipated, 
and  some  of  the  fixed  parts  are  decomposed;  the 
proper  extractive  is  oxygenized,  and  the  virtues 
of  the  vegetable  substance  consequently  altered 
or  destroyed.  Extracts  are  hard,  soft,  or  fluid : 
the  consistenc-e  of  the  soft  being  such  as  to  retain 
the  pilular  form  without  the  addition  of  a  powder. 
A  patent  was  taken  out,  many  j-ears  ago,  by  a 
Mr.  Barry,  of  London,  for  preparing  them  in 
vacuo;  and,  as  the  temperature  is  much  lower 
than  in  the  ordinary  method,  the  virtues  of  the 
plant  are  less  altered,  and  the  extracts  are  gene- 
rally green.     Extracts  are  also  prepared  by  dis- 


EXTRACTUM 


3G6 


EXTRACTUM 


placement  or  percolation.  They  have,  likewise, 
received  different  names,  according  to  their  pre 
dominant  principle.  The  gummy  or  mucous,  or 
mucilaginous,  are  those  which  are  mainly  com- 
posed of  gum  or  mucilage.  Gum  tragacanth 
may  be  considered  a  pure  gummy  extract.  Gela- 
tinous extracts  are  those  composed  especially  of 
gelatin ;  resinous  extracts,  those  of  a  resinous 
character;  extracto-resinuus,  those  composed  of 
extractive  or  colouring  matter  and  resin ;  gum- 
resinous,  those  containing  gum  and  resin;  and 
eapona'ceous  or  sapona'coous  saline,  those  con- 
taining a  notable  quantity  of  saline  substances 
and  a  resinous  matter,  so  combined  with  mucus 
and  other  soluble  substances,  that  they  cannot  be 
separated.  Under  the  name  Fluid  Extracts  — 
Extracta  Flu'ida  —  a  class  of  preparations  has 
been  introduced  into  the  United  States  Pharma- 
copoeia (1851),  the  distinctive  character  of  which 
is,  the  concentration  of  the  active  ingredients  of 
medicinal  substances  into  a  small  bulk,  in  the 
liquid  form.  Estractum  sarsaparillae  fluidum  is 
one  of  these. 

ExTRACTDM  Absin'thii  Cacu'minum,  Extract 
of  Wormioood.  (A  decoction  defecated  and  eva- 
porated.) The  flavour  is  dissipated  along  with 
the  essential  oil.  It  is  a  bitter  tonic.  Dose,  gr. 
X  to  9j,  in  pill. 

ExTRACTUM  Aconi'ti,  Extract  of  Ac'onite,  Suc- 
cus  spissa'tus  aconiti  nnpelli,  {from  the  inspissated 
juice  without  defecation.)  It  is  esteemed  to  be 
narcotic  and  diuretic;  and  has  been  given  in  the 
cases  referred  to  under  Aconitum.  Dose,  gr.  j, 
gradually  increasing  it. 

ExTRACTUM  Aconi'ti  Alcohol'iciim,  Alcoholic 
Extract  of  Aconite.  {Aconit.  in  pulv.  crass.  Ibj  ; 
Alcohol,  dilut.  Oiv.  Moisten  the  aconite  with 
half  a  pint  of  diluted  alcohol :  let  it  stand  for  24 
hours:  transfer  it  to  a  displacement  apparatus, 
and  gradually  add  the  remainder  of  the  diluted 
alcohol.  When  the  last  portion  of  this  has  pene- 
trated the  aconite,  pour  in  from  time  to  time 
water  sufScient  to  keep  the  powder  covered. 
Stop  the  filtration  when  the  liquid  which  passes 
begins  to  produce  a  precipitate,  as  it  falls,  in 
that  which  has  already  passed.  Distil  off  the 
alcohol,  and  evaporate  to  a  proper  consistence. — 
Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  half  a  grain  or  a  grain. 

ExTRACTUM  Al'oMs,  Extract  of  Aloes,  E.  aloes 
aquo'sum  seu  purifica'tum,  Pu'rified  extract  of 
aloes.  {The  gummy  part  extracted  hy  boiling 
water,  defecated  and  inspissated.)  Dose,  gr.  v  to 
gr.  XV. 

ExTRACTUM  Aloes  Aquosum,  E.  aloes  —  e. 
Aloes  purificatum,  E.  aloes. 

ExTRACTUM  Anthem'idis,  E.  anthemidis  no'- 
hilis  seu  chamcBme'li  seu  florum  chamcsme'li.  Ex- 
tract of  Cham'omile.  The  volatile  oil  is  dissipated 
in  this  preparation.  It  is  a  pure,  grateful  bitter, 
and  is  tonic  and  stomachic.  Dose,  gr.  x  to  gr. 
XX,  in  pills. 

ExTRACTUM  AsPARAGi,  scc  Asparagus. 

ExTRACTUM     BELLAnON'NvE,     Succus    spissa'tus 

ot'ropa  helladon'nm.  Extract  of  Belladon'na  {an 
expressed  Juice  inspissated).  Properties  same 
as  those  of  the  plant.  Dose,  gr.  i,  gradually 
increased.  It  dilates  the  pupil  when  applied  to 
the  eye. 

ExTRACTUM  BelladonnvE  Alcohol'icum,  Al- 
rohol'ic  extract  of  Belladonna.  (Prepared  like 
the  extractum  aconiti  alcoholicum. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  half  a  grain  or  a  grain. 

Extractum  Cannabis,  see  Bangue. 

ExTRACTUM  Carnis,  Extract  of  Flesh.  An 
extract  formed  by  evaporating  beef  tea  in  a 
water-bath.  It  can  be  kept  for  sale.  An  ounce 
of  it  may  represent  thirty-two  ounces  of  meat. 

Extractum  Cascaril'L/E  Eesino'sum,  Res'- 
inous  extract  of  cascaril'la.     ( C'ort.  cascarillcB,  in 


pulv.  crass.  Ibj ;  Sp.  vini  rect.  Ibiv.  Digest  for 
four  days;  then  decant  and  strain;  boil  the  re,"!- 
duum  in  ten  pints  of  water  to  two;  filter  and 
evaporate  the  decoction,  and  distil  the  tincluro 
in  a  retort,  till  both  are  thickened;  then  mix  and 
evaporate  to  a  pilular  consistence.)  Dose,  gr.  x 
to  gr.  XX,  in  pills. 

Extractum  Catechu,  Catechu  —  e.  Catharti- 
cuni — E.  Colocynthidis  composituni. 

Extractum  CATHOL'icujr,  (F.)  Extraii  Caiho- 
lique.  This  epithet  is  given  to  pills  composed  of 
aloes,  black  hellebore,  and  coloeynth,  resin  of 
jalap,  and  seammony.  See,  also,  Extractum  co- 
locynthidis compositura. 

Extractum  ChamjEmeli,  E.  Anthemidis — e. 
CicutiB,  E.  Conii. 

Extractum  Cincho'nte,  E.  Cor'ticis  Peruvia'ni 
seu  Cincho'u'CB  Molle,  Extract  of  Vincho'ua  or  (if 
Bark.  {A  decoction  evaporated.)  The  active 
principles  are  similar  to  those  of  the  bark  in 
substance;  but  it  is  not  so  effectual,  owing  to 
the  chymical  change  induced  in  the  drug  during 
the  boiling.  When  reduced,  hy  drying,  to  a  state 
fit  for  being  powdered,  it  is  called  the  Hard  Ex- 
tract of  nark,  Extrac'tum  Cor'ticis  Peruvia'ni 
durum,  E.  Cincho'ncB  durum.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  Zsa, 

Extractum  CinchonvE  Flavte,  of  the  Pharma- 
copoeia of  the  United  States  (1842),  is  directed  to 
be  prepared  as  follows:  Yellow  Baric,  m  coarse 
powder,  Ibj ;  Alcohol,  Oiv ;  Water,  a  sufficient 
quantity.  Macerate  the  Peruvian  b.ark  with  the 
alcohol  for  four  days  ;  then  filter  by  a  displace- 
ment apparatus,  and  when  the  liquid  ceases  to 
pass,  pour  gradually  on  the  bark  water  suffiuicnt 
to  keep  its  surface  covered.  When  the  filtered 
tincture  measures  four  pints,  set  it  aside,  and 
proceed  with  the  filtration  until  six  pints  of  infu- 
sion are  obtained.  Distil  off  the  alcohol  from  tlio 
tincture  and  evaporate  the  infusion  till  the  liquids 
are  respectively  brought  to  the  consistence  of  thin 
honey ;  then  mix  and  evaporate  to  form  an  ex- 
tract.—Ph.  U.  S. 

Extractum  Cincho'n^  PAL'unyE  (Ph.  L  &  E.) 
May  be  prepared  in  the  same  manner. 

Extractum  Cinchona  Resino'sum,  E.  Clv- 
choncP  lancifo'licB  seu  Cinchona  liiihrcB  resino'- 
sum, Res'inous  Extract  of  Bark,  E.  Cincho'no', 
Resi'ncB.  The  aqueo-spirituous  extract  contains 
both  the  extractive  and  resin  of  the  bark.  Dose, 
gr.  X  to  XXX. 

Extractum  Cincho'njE  Rubr/e  (Ph.  U.  S.), 
may  be  prepared  in  the  same  manner  as  Extrac- 
tum cinchonas  flavae. 

Extractum  Col'ciiici,  Extract  of  Colchicnm, 
(Ph.  L.,)  is  prepared  in  the  same  manner  as  Ex- 
tractum Aconiti.     Dose,  one  or  two  grains. 

Extrac'tum  Coi/cnici  Ace'ticum,  Ace'tous  or 
^Ice'^ic  Extract  of  Colchicnm.  {Colchic.  rad.  in 
pulv.  crass.  Ibj,  Acid.  acet.  f.^iv.  Aquas  q.  s.  To 
the  acid  add  a  pint  of  water,  and  mix  this  with 
the  root.  Put  the  mixture  in  a  percolator,  and 
pour  on  water  until  the  liquid  that  passes  has 
little  or  no  taste.  Evaporate  to  a  proper  consist- 
ence.    Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  gr.  j  to  gr.  iij. 

Extractum  Colocyn'thidis,  Extract  of  Col'o- 
eynth.  (Ph.  L.  <fc  E.)  A  cathartic,  in  the  dose 
of  from  gr.  v  to  ^^s. 

Extractum  CoLocvN'Tninis  Comi'os'itim,  E. 
Cathar'ticum  seu  Cathol'icum  seu  Qiiercelu'ni, 
Compound  Extract  of  Coloeynth.  {Cnlwynlh. 
pulp,  concis.  ^vj.  Aloes  pulv.  ^xij,  SniminmK 
pulv.  ^^iv.  Cardamom,  pulv.  ^j,  Saponis  _^iij, 
Alcohol,  dilut.  cong.  Macerate  the  j>ulp  in  tlm 
spirit  at  a  gentle  he.at  for  four  days;  strain;  add 
the  aloes  and  seammony;  then  distil  off  the  ."|iirit 
and  mix  in  the  cardamom  seeds.  Ph.  U.  S.)  I' 
is  an  active  cathartic,  and  is  used  in  obstinate 
visceral  obstructions,  Ac.     Dose,  gr.  vj  to  ^'S- 

Extractum  Coni'i,  E.  Cicu'tm,  Succus  cimia 


EXTRACTUM 


367 


EXTRACTUiM 


tpiun'ins,  S.  tphsatua  conii  macula'ti,  Extract  of 
Jleiiiliiclc.  (Ej-jtresned  Juice  iiiKpissated  without 
defvcniiuu.)  Employed  in  the  same  cases  as  the 
coiiiuiu.     Dose,  gr.  iij  to  Qj. 

ExTRACTUM  CoNii  Alcoiiol'icum,  Alcoholic 
Extract  of  Hemlock.  (Prepared  like  the  Ex- 
tractuin  aconiti  alcoholicuin. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose, 
two  or  tliree  grains. 

ExiRACTUM  CoNVOLVULi  Jalap^,  E.  jalapao 
— e.  Corlicis  Peruvian!,  E.  Cinchonse. 

ExTRA(;T'ii>f  CuBKB'yE  Flu'iuum,  Fluid  Ex- 
tract of  Cubcbs.  (Cubebs  cxhnuHted  by  ether 
ihrmi'/h  percolation,  and  the  solution  evaporated. 
I'll.  IJ.  8.)     Dose,  from  5  to  30  minims. 

ExTRACTUM  Digita'lis,  Extract  of  Foxglove. 
Prepiired  like  Extractum  conii.  Dose,  from  half 
a  prain  to  two  grains. 

Extractum  Dulcama'r.e,  Extract  of  Bitter- 
sweet. (Prepared  by  displacement  from  bitter- 
sweet in  coarse  powder. — Ph.  U.  S.) 

Extractum  E[.atk'uii,  Elate'rium,  Extract  of 
Elutcrium.  (The  fecula  of  the  exprensed  juice.) 
It  is  violently  cathartic,  hydragogue,  and  some- 
times emetic.  Dose,  gr.  ss  every  hour  till  it 
operates. 
Extractum  Ergot.*;,  Ergotin. 
Extractum  Gbxis't^  Cacu'minum,  Extract  of 
Broom  Tops.  Diuretic  and  stomachic.  Dose, 
J^ss  to  ^j. 

Extractum  Gentia'n^,  E.  Gentia'na  lu'tem 
seu  Rudi'cis  Gentiu'nee,  Extract  of  Gen'tian. 
(The  evaporated  decoction.)  Prepared  also  by 
displacement. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Properties  like  those 
of  Gentian.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  ^ss. 

Extractum  Glycvrriii'z/E,  Succus  Gli/ci/rrht'- 
ta  iuHpinsa'tus  seu  Liquirit"i(B,  Spa)iiiih  Juice, 
llal'inn  Juice,  Extract  of  Liquorice.  (The  eva- 
poraled  decoction.)  It  is  demulcent,  taken  ad 
libitum. 

Refined  Liquorice,  which  is  sold  in  the  form 
of  cyiiiulcrs,  is  made  by  gently  evaporating  a 
solution  of  the  pure  extract  of  liquorice  with  half 
its  weight  of  gum  Arabic,  rolling  the  mass  and 
cutting  it  into  lengths,  and  then  polishing,  by 
rolling  them  together  in  a  box. 

Extrac'tum  Grah'inis,  Extract  of  Grass. 
An  extract  prepared  from  Triticuin  rejiens.  It  is 
considered  by  the  Germans  to  be  a  mild  tonic; 
and  is  greatly  used,  especially  in  convalescence 
from  fever.  It  is  probably  devoid  of  all  injurious 
properties,  and  as  probably  totally  inefiicaoious. 

Extractum  II^matox'yi.i,  E.  Hcemntox'yli 
Campechia'ni  seu  Scobis  lI(Bmato.v'yli,  Extract 
of  Lotjwood.  (The  evaporated  decoction.)  It  is 
astringent.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  3J. 

Extractum  IIklleb'ori,  E.  Hellehori  nigri. 
Extract  of  Black  Hell'ebore.  (The  evaporated 
decoction.)  In  large  doses,  this  is  cathartic ;  in 
smaller,  diuretic,  resolvent,  [?]  and  emmen.i- 
gogue.  [?]  Dose,  as  a  cathartic,  gr.  x  to  ^j  ;  as 
an  emmenagogue,  gr.  iij  to  gr.  x. 

Extrai'tum  Hrli.khori,  of  the  Pharmacopoeia 
of  tile  United  States  (1842),  is  prepared  from 
Blaik  Hellebore,  in  coarse  powder,  like  the  Ex- 
trnctinii  aeoniti  alcoholieum. 

Kxtr ACTUM  IIu'muli,  E.  Lu'puli,  Extract  of 
hops.  (  The  evaporated  decoction.)  It  is  tonic, 
anodyne,  [?]  diuretic.  [?]     Dose,  gr.  v  to  ^j. 

Extractum  Hyoscy'ami,  Succua  spissa'tua 
Uiioscipimi,  Extract  of  Jlenbane.  (  The  expreaaed 
juice,  lunpiasated  irithout  defecation.)  Its  virtues 
are  narcotic.     Dose,  gr.  v  to  ^ss. 

EXTI! actum  HyosCYAMI  Ai.COHOL'iCUM,  Alco- 
holic Extract  of  Henbane.  (Prepared  from  leaves 
of  Hvoscyamus,  in  coarse  powder,  lii<e  the  Ex- 
trnotiim  aconiti  alcoholieum. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose, 
one  or  two  grains. 

Extractum  Jai.a'p.b,  E.  Convol'vull  Jalapa 
tiaJala'pii  seu  Jala'pi,  Extract  of  Jalap.     [A 


spirituous  tincture  distilled;  and  an  aqueous  de- 
coction evaporated ;  the  residua  being  mixed  toge- 
ther: kept  both  soft  and  hard.)  It  is  cathaitio 
and  hydragogue.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  Qj. 

Extractum  Jalaps  of  the  Ph.  U.  S.  is  pre- 
pared like  Extractum  cinchoniE,  Ph.  U.  S. 

Extractum  Jalaps  Resijjo'sum,  Resi'na 
Jala'pcB,  lies'inoua  Extract  of  Jalap.  This  is 
cathartic. 

Extractum  Juglan'dis,  Extract  of  Butternut. 
(Prepared  by  displacement  from  butternut,  in 
coarse  powder. — Ph.  U.  S.) 

Extractum  Ka^UY^'mjE,  Extract  of  Rhalany. 
(Prepared  by  displacement  from  rhatany,  in 
coarse  powder. — Ph.  U.  S.) 

Extractum  Lactu'c^,  Succua  apisaa'lua  Lac- 
tucce  aati'vcB,  Extract  of  Lettuce.  (Leaves  of 
fresh  lettuce  ftj  ;  beat  them  in  a  stone  mortar, 
sprinkling  them  with  water;  then  express  the 
juice  and  evaporate,  without  allo>ving  it  to  sub- 
side until  it  acquires  a  proper  degree  of  consist- 
ence.) It  is  said  to  be  narcotic  and  diophorelic. 
Dose,  gr.  iij  to  gr.  x. 

An  extract  is,  sometimes,  made  from  the  juice 
of  the  xcild  lettuce,  Lactnca  viro'sa,  which  is  re- 
garded as  diuretic. 

Extractum  Mautis  Aceticum,  Ferri  Acetas — 
e.  Nucis  Vomicae,  see  Strychnos  nux  vomica. 

ExtractuiM  Nucis  Vom'iCjE,  Extract  of  X'ux 
Vomica  (Nucis  Voniic.  Ibj  ;  Alcohol,  q.  s.  Ex- 
pose the  nux  vomica  to  steam  until  it  is  softened, 
slice,  dry  and  grind  to  powder.  Put  it  into  a 
percolator,  and  pour  alcohol  upon  it  gradually, 
until  the  liquor  pa.sses  without  bitterness.  Filter, 
distil  off  the  alcohol,  and  evaporate.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  from  half  a  grain  to  two  grains. 

Extractum  O'pii,  E.  Opii  aquo'aum  seu  The- 
ba'icum  seu  Opii  giimmo'aum.  Extract  of  Opium, 
Lau'danum  opia'tnm  seu  simplex.  Opium  cola'tum 
seu  depura'tum.  (A  watery  solution  defecated 
and  evaporated.)  Dose,  gr.  ES  to  gr.  v, — about 
half  that  of  opium 

Extractum  Panciiymago'gum.  A  drastic  me- 
dicine, composed  of  colocyuth,  bruised  icith  its 
seeds;  senna  bruised;  black  hellebore  root,  Aga- 
ric, Scammony,  in  powder.  Extract  of  Aloes,  and 
Powder  of  Diarrhodon. 

Extractum  Papav'eris,  E.  Papav'eris  som- 
nif'eri  seu  Papaveris  albi,  Extract  of  white  poppy. 
(The  decoction  evaporated.)  It  possesses  nearly 
the  same  virtues  as  opium,  but  is  much  weaker. 
Dose,  gr.  ij  to  Qj. 

Extractum  Pahei'rje,  Extract  of  Parei'ra 
Brava.  Prepared  like  Extractum  Haematoxyli. 
Dose,  ten  grains  to  half  a  drachm. 

Extractum  Pip'Enrs  Flu'idum,  Fluid  Extract 
of  Black  Pepper.  ( /Hack  pepper  exhausted  by 
e^Aer  through  percolation,  the  solution  evaporated, 
and  the  piperin  in  crj'stals  separated  by  expres- 
sion.    Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  one  or  two  minims. 

Extractum  Podophyl'i.i,  Extract  of  May- 
apple.  (Prepared  from  podophyllum,  in  coarse 
powder,  in  the  same  manner  as  the  Extract  of 
cinchona. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  gr.  v  to  gr.  xv,  as 
a  cathartic. 

Extractum  Purgaxs,  see  Iledera  helix  —  e. 
Quereetani,  E.  Colocynthidis  compositum. 

Extractum  Quas'si.e,  Extract  of  Quassia. 
(Prepared  by  displacement  from  Quassia  rasped. 
— Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  as  a  tonic,  five  grsiins. 

Extractum  Cor'ticis  Quercus,  Extract  of 
oak  bark.  (  The  decoction  evaporated.)  It  is  as- 
tringent and  tonic. 

Extractum  Qui'ni^e,  Quinice  anlphaa  impu'rua. 
This  is  made  bj'  evaporating  the  liquor  poured 
off  the  crystals  of  sulphate  of  quinia  to  the  con- 
sistence of  a  pilular  mass.  Twenty-four  grains 
will  generally  arrest  an  intermittent. 

Extractum  Rhei,  Extract  of  Rhubarb.     (A 


EXTRACTUM 


3G8 


EXUVIATION 


solution  in  diluted  alcohol  evaporated.)  Uses 
like  those  of  the  powdered  root.  Dose,  gr.  x. 
to  !5ss. 

ExTRACTUM  RhEI  FLC'iDUM,  Fluid  Extract  of 
Ehiibarh.  (Rhef  in  pulv.  crass.  §viij,  Sacchar. 
^v,  Tinct.  Ziiig'ib.  f  ,^ss,  01.  fcenicnl.,  01.  anis. 
aa  n\^iv;  Alcohol,  d'ilut.  q.  s.  Digest  the  rhu- 
bnrb,  mixed  with  an  equal  bulk  of  coarse  sand, 
with  gxij  of  the  diluted  alcohol  for  24  hours. 
Put  the  mass  into  the  percolator,  and  pour  on 
diluted  alcohol  until  the  liquid  that  passes  has 
little  odour  or  taste  of  rhubarb ;  evaporate  to  f5  v  ; 
dissolve  it  in  the  sugar,  and  mix  the  tincture  of 
ginger  and  oils.     Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  t^^y 

ExTUACTUM  Ru'dii,  Extract  of  Radius,  (F.) 
Extrait  de  Ruditia.  Pills  made  of  colocynth, 
agaric,  scammouy,  roots  of  black  hellebore  and 
jnlap,  socotrine  aloes,  cinnamon,  mace,  cloves,  and 
alcohol. 

ExTRACTUM  RuTjs  Graveolen'tis,  E.  RntcB 
seufolio'ruin  Rutw,  Extract  of  Rue.  (A  decoc- 
tion evaporated.)  Tonic,  stomachic.  The  vola- 
tile oil  being  dissipated  in  the  boiling,  this  is  not 
a  good  jireparation.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  ^j. 

ExTRACTinr  Folio'rum  Sabi'n^,  Extract  of 
Savine.  (A  decoction  evaporated.)  Tonic.  The 
same  remarks  may  be  made  on  this  preparation 
as  on  the  last.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  ^ss. 

ExTKACTUM  Sanguinis  Bovini,  see  Blood. 
ExTRACTUM  Sarsaparil'l^,  Extract  of  Sar- 
saparil'la.  [A  strained  decoction  evaporated.) 
Virtues  the  same  as  those  of  the  povrdered  root. 
Dose,  gr.  X  to  ^j.  Extractnm.  SarsaparillcR  of 
the  United  States  Pharmacopoeia  is  prepared 
from  Sarsaparilla,  in  coarse  powder,  like  the  Ex- 
tractuui  aconiti  alcoholicum. 

ExTRACTUM  SarsaparilLjE  flu'idum.  E.  SarscB 
Llq'uidum.  E.  SarzcB  Fluidum,  Fluid  Extract  of 
Sarsaparilla.  (Sarsaparill.  concis.  et  contus. 
^xv.i,  Gli/cj/rrhiz.  contus.,  Sassafr.  rod.  contus., 
aa  ,^ij,  3Iezerei  concis.  ,^vj,  Sacchar.  ^xij.  Alco- 
hol, dilut.  Oviij.  Macerate,  with  the  exception 
of  the  sugar,  for  14  days  ;  express  and  filter  ;  eva- 
porate to  f.^xij  ;  and  add  the  sugar.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  a  fluidrachra. 

ExTRACTUM  Saturn  I,  Goulard's,  Liquor 
plumbi  subacetatis  —  e.  Scobis  haematoxyli,  E. 
haematoxyli. 

Extractum  Senn^  flu'idum.  Fluid  Extract 
of  Senna.  {SenncB  in  pulv.  crass.  Ibijss  ;  Sac- 
char. ^xx;  01.  Foenicul.  f ^j  ;  Sp.  ./Ether,  com- 
pos. f|^ij ;  Alcohol,  dilut.  Oiv.  Mix  the  senna 
and  diluted  alcohol;  let  the  mixture  stand  for  24 
hours  ;  put  it  into  a  percolator,  and  graduall}- 
pour  on  water  mixed  with  one-third  its  bulk  of 
alcohol,  until  a  gallon  and  a  half  of  liquid  shall 
have  passed;  evaporate  to  fjxx;  add  the  sugar, 
and,  when  it  is  dissolved,  the  compound  spirit  of 
ether  holding  the  oil  in  solution.     Dose,  f,^ss. 

Extractum  Spigu'li^e  et  Senn^  flu'tdum, 
Fluid  Extract  of  Spi(/elia  and  Senna.  Spigel. 
in  pulv.  crass.  Ibj  ;  Senna  in  pulv.  crass.  §vj  ; 
Sacchar.  Ibi.is  ;  Potass,  carbon,  ^vj  ;  01.  Carui, 
01.  Anisi,  aa  f  ^ss  :  Alcohol,  dilut.  q.  s.  Pour 
on  the  spigelia  and  senna  Oij  of  diluted  alcohol ; 
let  it  stand  for  48  hours  ;  place  it  in  a  percolator. 
and  pour  on  gradually  diluted  alcohol  until  half 
a  gallon  has  passed:  evaporate  to  a  pint;  add 
the  carbonate  of  potassa;  and  afterwards  the 
sugar,  previously  triturated  with  the  oils,  and 
dissolve.     Ph.  U.  S.) 

Extractum  Stramo'nii,  E.  Stramo'nii  folio'- 
rum, (Ph.  U.  S.),  Extract  of  Stramo'nium  or  of 
Stramonium  leaves.  (The  expressed  juice  inspis- 
sated.) The  Extractum  Stramonii  Sem'inis,  Ex- 
tract of  Stramonium  Seed,  is  made  from  the  pow- 
dered seed  by  means  of  diluted  alcohol,  and  with 
the  aid  of  the  percolator; — the  solution  being 
evaporated.     Ph.  U.  S.)      Used  as   a  narcotic  in 


asthma  and  other  spasmodic  affections.  Dose, 
gr.  ij  to  gr.  X. 

Extractum  Styracis,  see  Styrax. 

Extractum  Tarax'aci,  E.  Ilerbm  et  lladi'cia 
Tarax'aci,  Extract  of  Dande/i'on.  (  The  strained 
juice  evaporated.)  It  has  been  considered  dcob- 
struent,  laxative,  and  diuretic.  Dose,  gr.  x  to  ^j. 

Extractum  Thebaicum,  E.  Opii. 

Extractum  UVjE  Ursi,  Extract  of  Uva  Urai. 
( The  Decoction  evaporated.)     Dose,  gr.  v  to  gr. 

XXX. 

Extractum  Valeria's^,  Extract  of  Vale'rian. 
{An  expressed  decoction  evajwrated.)  The  virtues 
of  the  valerian  being  dependent  upon  its  essential 
oil,  this  is  an  objectionable  preparation.  Dose, 
gr.  X  to  3J.  .         r. 

A  fluid  extract  of  Valerian,  Extractnm  Vale- 
ria'noB  flu' idum, has  been  introduced  into  the  last 
edition  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  U.  S.  (1851).  It  is 
prepared  bj' exhausting  the  valerian  hy  ether  a.ni 
alcohol,  through  the  percolator,  and  evaporating. 
Dose,  f,^j  or  f ,^ij. 

EXTRAIT,  Extract  —  e.  Alcoholique  de  noix 
vomique,  see  Strychnos  nux  vomica — e.  de  Kino, 
Kino  —  e.  des  Fruits,  Rob — e.  Jlemostatique  de 
Bonjean,  Ergotin — e.  de  Viande,  Osmazome. 

EXTRA'NEOUS  BODY,  Foreiffn  body,  from 
extra,  '  without.'  Corpus  extra'nenm,  C.  exter'- 
num,  G.  alie'num,  (F.)  Corps  Hraurjer.  Any  solid, 
liquid,  or  gaseous  substance,  inanimate  or  ani- 
mate, proceeding  from  without,  or  formed  in  the 
body;  and  which  constitutes  no  part  of  the  body, 
but  occupies,  in  the  substance  of  the  textures,  or 
some  of  the  cavities,  a  place  foreign  to  it. 

EXTRAVASA'TION,  E.rtravasa'tio,  E.rtrava'- 
sion,   from    extra,    'out   of,'   and   vasa,  'vessels.' 
Escape  of  a  fluid — extravasa'tum — from  the  ves- 
sel containing  it,  and  infiltration  or  efl'usion  of  the 
fluid  into  the  surrounding  textures. 
EXTRA VASATUM,  see  Extravasatio. 
EXTRAVASION,  Extravasation. 
EXTREM'ITY,    Extrem'itas,  (F.)  E.rtrhnitS; 
from  extremus,  'the  outermost;'  the  end  or  termi- 
nation  of  a  thing.     The   limbs,  acmte'ria,  have 
been  so  called, — as  the  vpjier  and  lower  extremi- 
ties.    See  Membrum.     It  has  been,  also,  used  to 
express   the  Inst  moments  of  life  ;    as  when  we 
say,  a  patient  is  in  'extremity,'  (F.)  le  malade  est 
d  I'e.rtreniite,  <l  toute  extremitf. 

EXTRIN'SIC,  Extrin'secus.     'From  without' 
That  which  comes  from  without.     This  term  has 
been  used  for  muscles,  which  surround  certain 
organs    and    attach    them    to    the   neighbouring 
parts;    in   order  to  distinguish   thorn  from  other 
muscles,  which  enter  into  the  intimate  composi- 
tion of  those  organs,  and  which  have  been  named 
intrinsic.     Thus,  there  are  extrinsic  and  intrinsic 
muscles  of  the  tonirue,  ear.  &c. 
EXTROVERSl'o,  Exstrophia. 
EXTUBERANTIA,  Protuberance. 
EXTUBERATIO.  Protuberance. 
EXTUMEFACTIO,  Swelling.       ' 
EXTUS'SIO,  from  ex,  and  tussis,  'a  cough.' 
'I  cough  with  expectoration.' 

EXU'BER,  from  ex,  'out  of,'  'devoid  of,'  and 
ulcra,  'breasts;'  Apogulac'tos.  'A  child  which 
has  been  weaned.' 

EXUDATION  CORPUSCLES,  see  Corpus- 
cles, exudation. 

EXULCERATIO.  Ectblimma.  Ulceration— o. 
Uteri,   Ilvsterelcosis — e.  Vcntriculi,  Gastrelcosis. 
EXUMBILICATIO,  Exomphalos. 
EXUSTIO,  Cauterization. 
EXUTORIUM,  Fonticulus. 
EXUTORY,  Fonticulus. 
EXIIVI^.  see  Exuviation. 
EXUVIA'TION,  Exnvia'tio.  from   e.mere,  'to 
put  off.'     The  shedding  or  casting  off  of  parts,  aa 


EYE 


3  69 


FACE 


the  deciduous  teeth,  the  skins  of  serpents,  Ac, 
which  are  hence  called  Exu'vicB. 

EYE,  Sax.  eaj,  Teuton.  Auge,  Oc'uIhb,  Ops, 
Omnia,  Opktli<it'iiios,  Illoi,  Op'tilon  (Doric,)  Vi- 
to'rium  Or;/'(tiiHiii,  (Sc.)  Ee,  plural  JSeu,  (F.)  (Eil. 
The  eye  is  the  immediate  orgah  of  vision.  It  is 
seateil  in  the  orl)it,  while  its  dependencies,  called 
by  Ilallcr  TuUim' ina  Oc'iili,  occupy  the  circum- 
ference of  the  cavity,  and  are  composed  of  the 
eyebrows,  the  eyelids,  cilia,  glands  of  Mcibomius, 
Ac.  The  Ji'ill,  Globe,  or  Bnlb  of  the  Eye,  nulbus 
Oc'iili,  is  covered  anteriorly  by  the  tunica  con- 
junctiva; is  moved  by  six  muscles,  fnur  straight, 
two  oblique,  and  is  constituted  of  membranes,  as 
the  sclerotic,  cornea,  choroid,  tunica  Jacobi,  re- 
tina, iris,  hi/aloid,  and,  in  the  foetus,  the  mem- 
brann  piipillaris  ;  and  of  fluids,  called  Humours, 
or  Media, — the  aqueous,  crystalline,  and  vitreous. 
The  e3'oball  is  invested  with  a  membranous  tunic, 
which  separates  it  from  the  other  structures  of 
the  orbit,  and  forms  a  smooth,  hollow  surface,  by 
which  its  motions  are  facilitated.  This  invest- 
ment has  been  called  cell'ular  capsule  of  the  eye, 
oc'ular  capsule,  tu'nica  vagina'lis  oc'nli,  vay"inal 
coat,  and  snbmus'cular  fascia  of  the  eye.  The 
vessels  of  the  eye  proceed  from  the  ophthalmic 
artery.  The  nerves,  except  the  optic,  are  chiefly 
furnished  from  the  ophthalmic  ganglion.  The 
following  are  the  dimensions,  Ac,  of  the  organ, 
on  the  authority  of  Petit,  Young,  Gordon,  and 
Brewster : 

Length  of  the  antero-posterior  diameter  of 

the  eye 0.91 

Vertical  chord  of  the  cornea 0.45 

Versed  sine  of  the  cornea 0.11 

Horizontal  chord  of  the  cornea 0.47 

Size  of  pupil  seen  through  the  cornea,  0.27  to  0.1.3 
Size   of    pupil    diminished    by    magnifying 

power  (if  cornea  to,  from 0.25  to  0.12 

Radius  of  the  anterior  surface  of  the  crystal- 
line    0..S0 

Radius  of  posterior  surface 0.22 

Principal  focal  distance  of  lens 1.73 

Distance  of  the  centre  of  the  optic  nerve 

from  the  foramen  centrale  of  Sommering...   0.11 
Distance  of  the  iris  from  the  cornea 0.10 


Distance  of  the  iris  from  the  anterior  surface 

of  the  crystalline 0.02 

Field  of  vision  above  a  horizontal  line,  50°  )    .  „„o 
Field  of  vision  below  a  horizontal  line,  70°  J 

Field  of  vision  in  a  horizontal  plane 150° 

Diameter  of  the  crystalline  in  a  woman  above 

fifty  years  of  age 0.37S 

Diameter  of  the  cornea 0.400 

Thickness  of  the  crystalline 0.172 

Thickness  of  the  cornea 0.042 

Eye,  Apple,  see  Melum — e.  Apple  of  the,  Pupil. 

Eve  BALAf,  Hydrastis  Canadensis. 

Eye-bueek,  Palpebra. 

Eye-breen,  see  Supercilium. 

Eye  Bright,  Euphrasia  officinalis,  Lobelia 
Veronica — e.  Brow,  Supercilium. 

Eye,  Cat's,  Amaurotic,  see  Amaurotic — e.  Cel- 
lular capsule  of  the,  see  Eye. 

Eye,  Cylind'rical.  An  eye  is  so  called  in 
which  the  rays  of  light,  on  entering  the  organ,  are 
refracted  to  a  nearer  focus  in  a  vertical  than  in 
a  horizontal  plane. 

Eye  Drop,  Tear. 

Eye  Glass,  Scaphium  oculare,  see  Spectacles. 
Also,  a  glass  adapted  for  the  application  of  coUy- 
ria  to  the  eye. 

Eye,  Gum  of  the,  Chassie. 

Eye  Lashes,  Cilia — e.  Lid,  Palpebra — e.  Lid, 
granular.  Trachoma  —  e.  Melon,  see  Melum  —  e. 
Purulent,  Ophthalmia,  purulent,  of  infants. 

Eye  Salve,  Singleton's,  Unguentum  llydrar- 
gyri  nitrico-oxydi;  Eye-salve,  Smellome's,  see 
Cupri  subacetas. 

Eve,  Sight  of  the.  Pupil. 

Eve  Stone.  The  shelly  operculum  of  small 
turbinideiB.  Used  at  Guernsey  to  get  thin.'^s  out 
of  the  eyes.  Being  put  into  the  inner  corner  of 
the  eye,  under  the  eyelid,  it  works  its  way  out 
at  the  outer  corner,  and  brings  out  any  foreign 
substance  with  it. — Gray. 

Eye  Teeth,  Canine  teeth — e.  of  Typhon,  Scil- 
la — e.  Water,  Collyrium — e.  Water,  common.  Li- 
quor zinci  sulphatis  cum  camphora  —  e.  Water, 
blue.  Liquor  cupri  ammoniati  —  e.  Watery,  Epi- 
phora. 

Eye,  White  of  the,  see  Sclerotic. 


F. 


FABA,  Phaseolus,  Vicia  faba  —  f.  iEgyptiaca, 
Nympha^a  nclumbo  —  f.  Cathartica,  Jatropha 
eurcas  —  f.  Crassa,  Sedum  telephium  —  f.  Febri- 
fuga,  Ignatia  amara  —  f.  Grteca,  Diospyros  lotus 
—  f.  Intlica,  Ignatia  amara  —  f.  Major,  Vicia 
faba— f.  Pcchurei,  Pichurim  Beans  —  f.  Pichu- 
rim,  Pichurim  Beans  —  f.  Purgatrix,  llicinus 
communis  —  f.  Sancti  Ignatii,  Ignatia  amara  —  f. 
Suilla,  Hvoseyamus  —  f.  Vulgaris,  Vicia  faba. 

FAB.E,  Onisei  aselli. 

FABAGELLE,  Zvgophyllum  fagabo. 

FABARIA  CRASS'ULA,  Sedum  telephium, 

FABRICA  ANDROGYNA,  Ilermaphrodeity. 

FACE,  Fades,  Vultiis,  Voltus,  Proso'pon,  (F.) 
Face.  The  face  is  the  anterior  part  of  the  head. 
It  is  formed  of  13  bones,  viz.,  the  tico  superior 
mao'illari/,  the  two  malar,  the  two  ossa  nasi,  the 
(ICO  ossa  unguis,  the  vomer,  the  tn-o  ossa  spongiosa 
iiifericira.  the  ttco  palate  bones,  and  the  inferior 
tnaxillari/.  without  including  the  frontal  portion 
of  the  OS  frontis.  and  the  32  teeth,  which  may  be 
considered    to   form    part   of   it.     Its    numerous 


muscles  are  chiefly  destined  for  the  organs  of 
sight,  hearing,  taste,  and  smell.  Its  arteries 
proceed  from  the  external  carotid :  its  veins  end 
in  the  jugular,  and  its  nerves  draw  their  origin 
immediately  from  the  brain. 

The  face  experiences  alterations  in  disease, 
which  it  is  important  to  attend  to.  It  is  yellow 
in  jaundice,  pale  and  puffy  in  dropsy  ;  and  its 
expression  is  very  different,  according  to  the  seat 
of  irritation,  so  that,  in  infants,  by  an  attention 
to  medical  physiognomy,  we  can  often  detect  the 
seat  of  disease. 

Hippocrates  has  well  depicted  the  change 
which  it  experiences  in  one  exhausted  by  long 
sickness,  by  great  evacuations,  excessive  hunger, 
watchfulness,  Ac,  threatening  dissolution.  Hence 
this  state  has  been  called  Fades  Ilippocrat'ica, 
Fades  Cadaver'ica,  F.  Tortua'lis.  In  this,  the 
nose  is  pinched  ;  the  eyes  are  sunk  ;  the  temples 
hollow;  the  ears  cold,  and  retracted;  the  skin 
of  the  forehead  tense,  and  dry;  the  complexion 
livid ;  the  lips  pendent,  relaxed,  and  cold,  Ac. 


FACE   AGUE 


370 


FAG  US 


The  term  Face  (F.)  is  likewise  given  to  one  of 
tiie  aspects  of  an  organ  ;  thus,  we  say,  the  supe- 
rior face  of  the  stomach. 

FACE  AGUE,  Neuralgia,  facial. 

FACE  INJECTEE,  see  Vultucux—f.  Vul- 
tueuse,  see  Viiltiteux. 

'FACET',  (F.)  Facette.  Diminutive  of /'«ce.  A 
small  face.  A  small,  circumscribed  portion  of 
the  surface  of  a  bone,  as  the  articuUn-  fucette  of 
a  hoyie. 

FACHINGEN,  MINERAL  AVATERS  OF. 
These  springs  are  at  no  great  distance  from  those 
of  Geilenau,  and  two  miles  north  of  Wisbaden. 
They  contain  free  carbonic  acid  :  carbonate,  sul- 
phate, and  phosphate  of  soda ;  chloride  of  sodium, 
carbonate  of  lime,  magnesia,  and  iron. 

FA'CIAL,  Facia'lis,  from  faciei',  'the  face.' 
Belonging  to,  or  connected  with,  the  face. 

Facial  Angle,  see  Angle,  facial. 

Facial  Artery,  La'bial  artery,  An'gnlnr  or 
external  max'illary  artery,  A.  pidato-lahial  — 
(Ch.),  is  a  branch  of  the  external  carotid,  which 
rises  beneath  the  digastricus,  and  is  distributed 
to  almost  every  part  of  the  face.  It  furnishes 
the  inferior  palatal,  submental,  superior  labial, 
inferior  labial,  and  dorsalis  nasi. 

Facial  Line,  see  Angle,  facial. 

Facial  Nerve,  Ramus  du'rior  sep'tima  conju- 
fjatio'nis,  Sympathet'icus  minor,  Par  sep'timum 
.seu  facia'le,  Oommu'nicans  fa'ciei  nervus,  Portio 
dura  of  the  1th  pair.  Res' piratory  nerve  of  the 
face.  This  nerve  arises  from  the  inferior  and 
lateral  part  of  the  tuber  annulare,  in  the  groove 
which  separates  it  from  the  medulla  oblongata, 
external  to  the  corpora  olivaria,  and  by  the  side 
(if  the  auditory  nerve.  It  issues  from  the  cranium 
by  the  meatus  auditorius  internus ;  enters  the 
iiqueduct  of  Fallopius;  receives  a  branch  of  the 
Vidian  nerve;  forms  a  gangliform  swelling — Intu- 
mescen'tia  (jnngliform'is  ; — sends  otF  filaments  to 
the  internal  muscles  of  the  malleus  and  stapes; 
furnishes,  according  to  many  anatomists,  that 
called  Chorda  Tympani;  makes  its  exit  at  the 
foramen  stylo-mastoideum,  and  divides  into  two 
branches — the  temporo-facial,  and  cervico-facial. 
On  the  face  it  is  termed  Pes  anseri'nus,  Plexus 
iiervo'runi  anseri'nus.     See  Portio  Wrisbergii. 

Facial  Vein,  Pal'ato-lnbial — (Ch.),  arises  be- 
tween the  skin  and  frontalis  muscle,  and  bears 
the  name  Vena  Fronta'lis,  (F.)  Veine  frontale  ou 
V.  Preparate.  It  then  descends,  vertically,  to- 
wards the  greater  angle  of  the  eye,  where  it  is 
called  Anijula'ris ;  and  afterwards  descends, 
obliquely,  on  the  face,  to  open  into  the  internal 
jugular,  after  having  received  branches,  which 
correspond  with  those  of  the  fivcial  artery.  It  is 
only  in  the  latter  part  of  its  course  that  it  is 
called  Facial  Vein.  Chaussier  calls  the  external 
carotid  artery.  Facial  Artery. 

FA'CIENT,  faciens,  'making,'  from  facio,  '1 
make.'  A  suffix,  as  in  Calefacient,  Rubefacient, 
&a.,  'warm  making,'  'red  making.' 

FACIES,  Face  — f.  Cadaverica,  see  Face  — f. 
Concava  pedis.  Sole — f.  Hippocratica,  see  Face — 
f.  Inferior  pedis.  Sole — f.  Tortualis,  see  Face. 

FACT  ICE,  Factitious. 

FACTIT"IOUS,  Factif'ius,  (F.)  Fnctice,  from 
facere,  factum,  '  io  vaak&.'  Artificial.  That  which 
is  made  by  art,  in  opposition  to  what  is  natural, 
or  found  already  existing  in  nature.  Thus,  we 
s!xy,  factitious  mineral  waters,  for  artificial  mine- 
ral waters. 

FACULTAS,  Faculty— f.  Auctrix,  Plastic  force 
— f.  Formatrix,  Plastic  force  —  f.  Nutrix,  Plastic 
force — f.  Vegetativa,  Plastic  force — f.  Zotica,  Vis 
vitalis. 

FACULTATES  NATURALES,  see  Function. 


FACULTY,  Facultns,  Dy'namis,  Power,  Vir. 
tue,  (F.)  FacultS,  from  facilis,  (itself  from  facere, 
'to  make,')  'what  can  be  made  or  done.'  The 
power  of  executing  any  function  or  act.  The  col- 
lection of  the  intellectual  faculties  constitutes  the 
understandinrf.  Wo  say,  also,  vital  faculties  for 
vital  properties,  &c.  Faculty  likewise  means  the 
whole  body  of  the  medical  profession,  and,  also, 
a  body  of  medical  or  other  professors. 

FiECAL,  Stercoraceous — f.  Retention,  Consti- 
pation. 

FAECES,  Plural  of  Fcbx  ;  Feces,  Chersos,  'the 
dregs  of  any  thing.'  Fee' ulence,  (F .)  Ficen.  The 
alvine  evacuations  are  so  called  ;  (F.)  Gnrderohes ; 
the  excrements,  hnpurita'tes  alvinas,  Facal  mat- 
ter.    See  Excrement. 

F^CES  Indurat.«,  Scybala. 
FyECOSITAS,  Feculence. 
FiECULA,  Fecula. 
F^CULENTIA,  Feculence. 
FjECUNDATIO,  Fecundatio, 
F^CUNDITAS,  Fecundity. 
F^X,  Feculence. 

FAGA'RA  OCTAN'DRA,  Xanthox'yhm  oc 
tan'dra,  Elaph'rium  tomento'sum,  Am'yris  tomen- 
to'sum,  from  far/us,  'the  beech,'  which  it  resem- 
bles. Ord.  Rutaceae.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  plant,  which  affords  Tacamaha'ca,  a  resinous 
substance,  that  exudes  from  the  tree  Tacamnhacn, 
which  has  a  fragrant,  delightful  smell,  was  for- 
merly in  high  estimation,  as  an  ingredient  in 
warm,  stimulating  plasters,  and  was  given  inter- 
nally, like  the  balsams  generally.  The  East  India 
Tacamahac,  Bal'snmum  Vir'ide  seu  Cal'aba  seu 
MaricB,  O'leum  Mar'icB,  (P.)  Banme  de  Calaha, 
Dnume  vert,  B.  Marie,  is  yielded  by  Cdlophyl'lum 
inophyl'lum  seu  lialsama'ria  Inophyl'lnm. 

The  name  Tacamahac  is  also  given  to  a  resin 
furnished  by  Pop'ulus  balsamif'era  seu  tacama- 
ha'ca, (F.)  Peuplier  baumier  ou  de  la  Caroline, 
which  grows  in  the  northern  parts  of  America 
and  Siberia. 

Fagara  Piperi'ta,  (F.)  Fagarier  poivre ;  a 
native  of  Japan,  possesses  the  qualities  of  pepper, 
and  is  used  as  such  by  the  Japanese.  It  is,  also, 
employed  as  a  rubefacient  cataplasm. 

FAGARAS'TRUM    CAPEN'SE.      Nat.  Ord. 
XanthoxyleiB.     A  South  African  plant,  the  fruit 
of  which  is  known  to  the  Colonists  as  wild  Car- 
damom ;  and,  on  account  of  its  aromatic  qualities, 
is  prescribed  in  flatulency  and  paralysis. 
FAGARIER  POIVRE,  Fagara  octandra. 
FAGOPYRUM,  Polygonum  fagopyrum. 
FAGUS,  F.  sylvatica. 

Fagus  Casta'nea.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  Chestnut  Tree;  Casta'nea,  C.  vultja'ris  seu 
vesca,  Ln'pima,  Mota,  Gians  Jovis  Theophrast'i, 
Ju'piter's  or  Sardin'ian  Acorn;  the  Common 
Chestnut,  (F.)  Chatagnier  commun,  of  the  Oak 
Family.  Ord.  Cupuliferae.  Sex.  Syst.  Montceia 
Polyandria.  The  Chestnut,  Casta'nea  nnx,  (F.) 
Chdtaigne,  is  farinaceous  and  nutritious,  but  not 
easy  of  digestion. 

Fagus  Castanea  Pu'mila.  The  Chin'capin 
or  Chinquapin,  Castanea  Pumila,  (F.)  Chdtuujnier 
nain.  The  nut  of  this  American  tree  is  eaten 
like  the  chestnut.  The  bark,  Castanea  {Ph.  U. 
S.),  has  been  used  in  intermittents. 
Fagus  Purpurea,  F.  sylvatica. 
Fagus  Sylvat'ica.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  Beech,  Fagus,  F.  st/lves'tris  seu  purpu'rea, 
Oxya,  Balan'da,  Valan'ida;  the  Beech  Tree, 
(F.)  Hetre.  The  Beech-nut  or  Beech-mast,  {¥■) 
Faine,  affords  an  oil,  by  expression,  which  is  of 
a  palatable  character,  and  is  eaten  in  some  places 


FAIBLESSE 


3  71 


FALSIFICATION 


instead  of  butter.  It  has  been  supposed  to  be  a 
good  vermifuge,  but  it  is  no  better  than  any  mild 
oil. 

Fagus  Sylvestris,  F.  sylvatica^ 

FAinLESSE,  Debility. 

FAI}f,  Hunger — /.  Canine,  Boulimia — /.  de 
Loup,  Faroes  lupina. 

FAINE,  see  Fagus  sylvatica. 

FAINT,  see  Syncope. 

FAINTING,  Syncope. 

FAINTING-FIT,  Syncope. 

FAINTISHNESS,  see  Syncope. 

FAIXTNESS,  Languor,  Syncope. 

FAIRUUKN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
mineral  waters  at  this  place,  which  is  in  the 
county  of  Ross,  in  Scotland,  are  sulphureous, 
and  frequented. 

FAIRNTICKLED,  see  Ephelides. 

FAISANDEES  {VI ANDES),  see  Hypo- 
saprus. 

FAfSCEAU,  Fasciculus — /.  Intermediaire  de 
Wriiiberg,  Portio  Wrisbergii  — /.  Petit,  Fasci- 
culus. 

FAIX,  Foetus. 

FALCADINA,  see  Scherlievo. 

FALCES,  see  Falx. 

FAL'CIFORM,  Falci/or'nus,  Drepanoi'des, 
from  falx,  falcia,  'a  scythe,'  and  forma,  'shape.' 
Having  the  shape  of  a  scythe.  This  term  has 
been  applied  to  different  parts.  See  Falx,  and 
Sinus. 

FALOiFonjf  Expansion  of  the  Fascia  Lata, 
is  the  scythe-shaped  reflection  of  the  fascia  lata, 
which  forms,  outwards  and  upwards,  the  opening 
for  the  vena  saphaena,  and  is  attached  to  the  cru- 
ral arch  by  its  superior  extremity,  forming  the 
anterior  paries  of  the  canal  of  the  same  name. 

FALLACIA,  Hallucination. 

Fallacia  Optica.     An  optic  illusion. 

FALLAND-EVYL,  Epilepsy. 

FALLING-DOWN,  Epilepsy. 

FALLING  SICKNESS,  Epilepsy. 

FALLOPIAN  TUBE,  see  Tube,  Fallopian. 

FALLPOISON,  Amianthum  muscsetoxicum. 


FALLTRANCK,  Faltranck  (G.),  literally, 
a  drink  arjniniit  fulls.  A  vulnerary.  It  is  a 
mixture  of  several  aromatic  and  slightly  astrin- 
gent plants,  which  grow  chiefly  in  the  Swiss 
Alps,  and  hence  the  name — Vidneraire  Suisse — 
given  to  such  dried  plants  cut  into  fragments. 
They  are  called,  also,  Especes  Vulneraires,  and 
The  Suisse.  AVithin  the  present  century,  in  Eng- 
land, a  kind  of  vulnerary  beer  was  often  pre- 
scribed, in  country  practice,  in  all  cases  of  in- 
ward bruises.  It  bore  the  name  Cerevis'ia  nigra, 
or  black  beer,  and  was  formed  by  infusing  certain 
reputed  vulnerary  herbs  in  beer  or  ale. 

The  infusion  of  the  Fatltranck  is  aromatic,  and 
slightly  agreeable,  but  of  no  use  in  the  cases  for 
which  it  has  been  particularly  recommended. 

FALMOUTH,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  climate 
of  Falmouth,  in  Cornwall,  England,  resembles 
that  of  Penzance :  and,  like  it,  is  in  many  re- 
spects, a  favourable  retreat  for  the  phthisical 
during  the  winter  months. 

FALSA  VIA,  False  passage. 

FALSE,  Falsiis,  NothuSjPseudo,  Spu'rions,  Bas- 
tard, (F.)  Faux;  Fausse.  This  epithet  has  been 
frequently  added  to  peripneumony,  pleurisy,  <fec., 
to  designate  a  disease  similar  to  these,  but  less 
severe.  Most  commonly,  a  severe  catarrh  or 
pleurodynia  has  received  the  name.  See  Peri- 
pneumonia notha. 

False  Passage,  Falsa  Via,  (F.)  Fausse  Route. 
An  accidental  passage,  made  in  surgical  opera- 
tions, and  particularly  in  introducing  the  cathe- 
ter. The  catheter  is  sometimes  passed  through 
into  the  rectum. 

False  Wateiis,  ffi/drallan'te,  False  Deliv'ery. 
Water,  which  sometimes  collects  between  the 
amnion  and  chorion,  and  is  commonly  discharged 
before  the  birth  of  the  child. 

We  say,  also,  False  Ribs,  False  Rhubarb,  &c. 

FALSETTO  VOICE,  see  Voice. 

FALSIFICA'TION,  Adultera'tio,  from  falsua, 
'false,'  and  facere,  'to  make.'  A  fraudulent  imi- 
tation or  alteration  of  an  aliment  or  medicine  by 
different  admixtures.  Mantja'nium,  Manganisa'- 
tio.  It  is  synonymous  with  adulteration  and 
sophistication. 


TABLE  OF  COMMON  FALSIFICATIONS  OF  SOME  OF  THE  MOST  USEFUL 

DRUGS,  &c. 


Medicines. 


Adulterations. 


Mode  of  Detection. 


ACACIJE  GUMMI. 


Acetum 

TUM. 


•ICIDUM 
tUM. 


fG.  S.  is  clammy  and  tenacious.     The  A.  G. 

■   Gum  Senegal <      perfectly  soluble   in    water,   and   its  solution 

(      limpid. 

'  Sulphuric  Acid Acetate  of  barytes  causes  a  white  precipitate. 

VV  '    A   'ti  I  ^^  evaporating  it,  the  residuum  deflagrates,  when 

Destilla-  ,■'  (      thrown  on  burning  charcoal. 

p  I  Supersaturate  with  ammonia  —  a  blue  colour  is 

'  '  ' (      produced. 

Lead Sulphuretted  hydrogen  causes  a  dark  precipitate 

MnRiATi    f  r  l^*^P"'*it^s  ^y  evaporation  the  salts  it  may  con- 

Sulphuric  Acid ■;      tain;  precipitates  with  solution  of  hydrochlo- 

(      rate  of  baryta  if  it  contains  sulphuric  acid. 
The  presence  of  chlorine  is  indicated  by  a  preci- 
Jfuriatic   and   Sulphuric  J       pitate  with  nitrato  of  silver  :  that  of  sulphuric 


NiTRICUM. 


"1      Acids 


SuLPHUKI- 


•  CiTHICUM. 


Muriatic       a 
Acids. 

Tartaric      and       Oxah 
Acids. 


acid  by  the  same  result  with  hydrochlorate  of 

baryta. 

»r.,  .    (  The  presence  of  muriatic  and  nitric  acid  is  indi- 

<      cated  by  the  smell,  when  (he  acid  tested  is 

(      strongly  heated. 

Their  presence  is  indicated  by  forming  a  granu 

lar  sediment  in  a  concentrated  solution  of  a 

neutral  salt  of  potassa, 


FALSIFICATION 


372 


FALSIFICATION 


Medicines. 


Adulterations. 


Mode  op  Detection. 


^THER     ReCTIFICA- 

tus. 

Aqua  Ammonia. 
Ammonije      Carro- 

NAS. 


7*00  dilute. 
Sulphuric  Ac 

Alcohol  . . . .. 


Carbonic  Acid  . 


Ammoniacujt. 


Ammonh  Sulphure- 

TUM. 


Argenti  Nitras. 


Absenicum  Album. 
Balsamum  Peruti- 

ANUM. 

* 

Capsicum. 
Oayennc  Pepper. 


Castoreust. 
Castor. 


Cera  Flava. 
Yellow  Wax. 


Cera  Alba. 
White  Wax. 

Cinchona. 
Bark. 


Coccus. 
Cochineal. 


Lead. 

Arsenic ■ 

Manganese  and  Iron. 

Copper 


Nitrate  of  Potassa. 


Chalk,  Sulphate  of  Lime, 

Sulphate  of  Baryta. 
A  mixttire  of  Resin  and 
some  Volatile  Oil,  with 
Benzoin. 
'  Chloride  of  Sodium 


Red  Lead  . 


A  mixture  of  dried  blood, 
giim  ammoniac,  and  a 
little  real  castor,  stuffed 
into  the  scrotum  of  a 
goat. 

Earth  or  Peasmeal 


Resir. 


Tallow 


White  Lead 

Tallow    

This  is  variously  adulte- 
rated, but  generally  with 
the  Carthngena  and 
other  inferior  barks. 

Pieces  of  dough  formed 
in  moulds,  and  coloured 
with  cochineal. 


COLOMBA. 


Copaiba. 

Balsam  of  Copaiva. 


Crocus. 
Saffron. 


Fibres  of  smoked  Beef . . 

Petals  of  the  Calendula 
officinalis,  and  Cartha- 
mus  Tinctorius. 


The  S.  Or.  detects  this. 

By  acetate  of  baryta.     Precipitate  white. 

With  phosphorus  a  milky  instead  of  limpid  solu 
tion  is  formed. 

A  precipitation  occurs  on  adding  a  solution  of 
muriate  of  lime. 

It  should  be  capable  of  complete  volatilization 
by  heat. 

The  Outtce  Ammoniaci  are  white,  clear,  and  dry. 

The  lump  Ammoniaaim,  lapis  Ammoniaci,  is  often 
adulterated  with  common  resin. 

It  ought  to  be  entirely  volatilized  by  a  red  heat 

Imparts  a  foliated  texture,  and  is  not  vaporiznble 

A  smell  of  garlic  is  emitted  when  thrown  on  live 
coals,  Ac. 

Are  not  vaporizable. 

The  solution  assumes  a  blue  colour,  when  super- 
saturated with  ammonia.  It  may  bo  suspected 
when  the  salt  deliquesces. 

The  adulteration  with  nitrate  of  potassa  is  easily 
recognized  by  the  fracture  of  a  stick  of  it,  which 
is  radiated  when  pure,  and  granular  if  adulte- 
rated ;  or  by  precipitating  a  solution  of  the 
salts  with  a  sufficient  quantity  of  muriatic  acid, 
and  evaporating  the  clear  liquor :  the  nitrate 
of  potassa  or  other  salts  will  remain. 

Not  volatizable  by  heat. 

Not  easily  detected. 

This  disposes  it  to  deliquesce. 
(  Digest  in  acetic  acid,  and  add  a  solution  of  sul 
<      phuret  of  ammonia  —  a  dark-coloured  precipi- 
(      tate  will  be  produced. 


Smell  and  taste  will  generally  detect  the  fraud. 


f  May  be  suspected  when  the  cake  is  brittle  and 
I      colour  grayish. 

f  Put  it  in   cold  alcohol,  which  will  dissolve  tho 
I      resin,  without  acting  on  the  wax. 
Is  known  by  the  greater  softness  and  unctuosity, 
and  its  smell  when  melted.     Turmeric  is  gene- 
rally added  in  this  case  to  obviate  the  paleness. 
Melt  the  wax,  the  oxide  will  subside. 
The  cake  has  not  its  ordinary  translueency. 

Can  only  be  detected  by  practice,  and  examining 
into  the  quantity  of  quinia  or  cinchonia  it 
contains. 


Throw  it  into  water,  the  adulteration  will  appear. 

The  true  is  distinguishable  from  the  false  Colomha 
by  adding  to  an  infusion  of  the  root,  a  few  drops 
of  solution  of  sulph.  iron,  which  gives  to  the 
infusion  of  the  false  Colomba  a  greenish  black 
colour ;  but  produces  no  change  in  the  other. 

If  it  does  notretain  its  spherical  form  when  dropped 
into  water,  its  adulteration  may  be  inferred. 

Mix  one  part  of  strong  liquid  ammonia  of  22°, 
with  three  parts  of  copaiba.  If  pure,  the  mix- 
ture will,  in  a  few  minutes,  become  transparent; 
if  not,  it  will  remain  opake. 

Affords  an  unpleasant  odour  when  thrown  on 
live  coals. 

Infuse  the  specimen  in  hot  water,  and  the  diffe- 
rence will  be  perceptible. 


FALSIFICATION 


3  73 


FALSIFICATION 


Medicines. 


Adulterations. 


Mode  op  Detection. 


CUBKBA. 
Cubeba. 


Turkey  Yelloxo  Berries, 
or  the  dried  fruit  of  the 
Jihamnus  Catharticus. 


CusPARi-E  Cortex.  J  False    Angustura    aome- 
Angustura  Bark.         J      tines  sold  for  it. 


Common  Jiesin  . . 

GtJAiAci  Resina.      J 

Resin  of  Guaiacum.    |   .^       ,  .       ,  ^ 

•'  Jlancnineel  Gum 


IIydrargyri  Chlo-     ,y  .       c  n-      ^         J 

,,    „  Corrosive  Ciublimate,  and 

RiDUM   Mite.  ■{       c<.i.  .-..^x.  ,j-  n-       ,r 

Calomel. 


IIydrargyri     Oxi- 

dum  Rubrum. 
Red  Precipitate. 

Hydrargyri     Sul- 
phuretum  Rubrum  " 

IIydrargyri     Sul- 
phuretum  Nigrum. 

Iodine. 

JalapvE  Radix. 
Jalap  Root. 

Magnesia. 


Magnesia  Subcar- 

BONAS. 

Carbonate  of  Magne- 


Manna. 


Morphia  et  ejus 

Sales. 
Morphia      and      its 

Salts. 


Moschus. 
Musk. 


Olea  Destillata. 
Essential  Oils. 

'Olbum  Ricini. 
\Castor  Oil. 


Subnitrate  of  Bismuth. 

Bed  Lead 

Bed  Lead 

Ivory  Black 

Plumbago,  Charcoal,  and 
Qjcide  of  Manganese. 

Bryony  Root,  spurious  or 
false  Jalap  Root,  and 
Liquorice  Root. 

Lime 

Sulphuret  of  Lime 

Chalk 

Gypsum 

A  factitious  article,  con- 
sisting of  honey  or 
sugar,  mixed  with  scam- 
mony,  is  sometimes  sold 
for  it. 


}  Detected  by  attentive  examination. 

f  The  epidermis  of  the  true  Cusparia  is  character 
■|  ized  by  being  covered  vpith  a  matter  resembling 
(      the  rust  of  iron. 

J  Detected  by  the  turpentine  smell  emitted  when 
I      thrown  upon  hot  coals. 

r  Add  to  the  tincture  a  few  drops  of  spirit  of  nitre, 
<      and  dilute  with  water  ;  the  guaicum  is  precipi- 
(_     tated — the  adulteration  floats  in  the  white  striae. 
A  precipitation  will  be  produced  by  the  carbonate 
of  potass,  from  a  solution  made  by  boiling  the 
suspected  sample  with  a  small  portion  of  mu- 
riate of  ammonia  in  distilled  water;    or,  the 
presence  of  deuto-chloride  of  mercury  is  indi- 
cated, by  warming  gently  a  small  quantity  of 
calomel  in  alcohol,  filtering  and  adding  to  the 
clear  liquor  some  lime-water,  by  which  a  red- 
dish   yellow   precipitate   is   afforded.      When 
calomel  is  rubbed  with  a  fixed  alkali,  it  ought 
to  become  intensely  black,  and  not  exhibit  any 
orange  hue. 
'  Digest  in  acetic  acid  :  add  sulphuret  of  ammonia, 
which  will  produce  a  dark  coloured  precipitate 
It  should  be  totally  volatilized  by  heat. 

Digest  in  acetic  acid,  and  add  sulphuret  of  am- 
'       monia — a  black  precipitate  will  be  produced 

J  Throw  a  suspected  portion  on  hot  coals — the  re- 
1      siduum  will  detect  the  fraud. 

The  tests  of  its  purity  are  —  that  it  is  perfectly 
soluble  in  ether.  Heated  on  a  piece  of  glass  or 
porcelain,  it  sublimes  without  residuum. 
'  Bryony  root  is  of  a  paler  colour,  and  less  compact 
texture,  and  does  not  easily  burn  at  the  flame 
of  a  candle.    Liquorice  is  detected  by  the  taste. 

Detected  by  the  solution  in  dilute  sulphuric  acid 
affording  a  precipitate  with  oxalate  of  ammonia. 

Gives  off  when  moistened,  the  smell  of  sulphu- 
retted hydrogen. 
'  Detected  by  adding  dilute  sulphuric  acid  to  the 
suspected  substance,  when,  if  chalk  be  present, 
there  will  be  a  white  insoluble  precipitate. 

Boil  in  distilled  water,  and  test  the  solution  by  a 
barytic  and  oxalic  reagent. 


J  The  colour,  weight,  transparency  and  taste  detect 
it. 


Dried  Blood 

IAsphaltum 
Fine  particles  of  Lead  . 
{Fixed  Oils 


Alcohol 

Olive  or  Almond  or  Pop- 
py  Oil. 


Morphia  and  its  salts,  when  placed  in  contact 
with  nitric  acid,  are  coloured  red;  with  per- 
salts  of  iron,  blue.  They  are  perfectly  soluble 
in  warm  alcohol,  and  acidulated  warm  water. 
When  morphia  is  mixed  with  narcotina,  the 
adulteration  is  ascertained  by  mixing  them  with 
sulphuric  ether,  which  dissolves  the  narcotina, 
without  sensibly  affecting  the  morphia. 

The  bag  must  not  appear  to  have  been  opened. 

This  may  be  suspected,  if  it  emits  a  fetid  smoke 
when  inflamed. 

Discovered  by  its  melting  and  running,  before  it 
inflames. 

Rub  with  water.  The  metallic  particles  will  subside- 

Touch  writing  paper  with  it,  and  hold  it  before 
the  fire  :  fixed  oil  leaves  a  stain  of  grease. 

Add  water.     A  milkiness  and  increase  of  tempe 

rature  occurs. 
'Alcohol  S.  G.  '820  will  mix  with  any  proportion 
of  castor  oil,  whilst  it  dissolves  very  little  of 
the  others. 


FALTRANCK 


374 


FARADISATION 


Medicines. 


Adulterations. 


Mode  of  Detection. 


Opium. 


POTASSII  lODIDUM, 

Iodide  of  Potassium. 


MannitC' 


QuiNiiE  Sulphas. 
Sulphate  of  Quinia. 

Strychnia  et  ejus 

Sales. 
Strychnia     and     its 

Salts.  [ 

ZiNCI    OXYDUM.  (Chalk 

Flowers  of  Zinc.  \  White  Lead  . 


Extract  of  Liquorice, 
Bullets  and  Stones 
sometimes  in  it;  Ex- 
tract of  Poppy,  of  Ghe- 
lidonium  majus ;  G. 
Arabic,  G.  Trag&canth, 
Linseed  Oil,  Cow's 
Dung. 

Chlorides  of  Potassium 
and  Sodium,  Nitrate  of 
Potassa. 


Brucia. 


The  best  opium  is  covered  with  leaves  and  the 
reddish  capsules  of  a  species  of  Biimex.  Tbel 
inferior  kinds  have  capsules  adherent.  It  is  bad 
when  soft  and  friable,  when  intensely  black  or' 
mixed  with  many  impurities,  and  when  sweet. 
The  quantity  of  morphia  afi'ords  the  best  test. 

The  adulteration  is  ascertained  by  precipitating  a 
solution  of  the  salt  with  nitrate  of  silver,  and 
treating  the  precipitate  with  ammonia,  which 
dissolves  the  chloride  of  silver,  without  acting 
upon  the  iodide  of  this  metal. 

Leaves  no  residue  when  submitted  to  calcination: 
is  perfectly  soluble  in  warm  alcohol,  and  in 
water  slightly  acidulated  with  sulphuric  acid, 

They  are  free  from  brucia  when  no  colour  is  pro- 
duced by  contact  with  nitric  acid. 

Sulphuric  acid  excites  an  effervescence. 
Sulphuric  acid  forms  an  insoluble  sulphate  of  lead. 


FALTRANCK,  Falltranck. 

FALX.  Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to 
several  membranous  reflections  having  the  shape 
of  a  falx  or  scythe. 

Falx  Cerebel'li,  Falx  minor,  Septum  Cere- 
bel'li  se\l  })arvum  ocdpita'le,  P races' sus  falcif or' - 
mis  Cerebel'li,  (F.)  Faux  du  cervelet.  Septum  me- 
dian dn  cervelet,  (Ch.),  is  a  triangular  process  of 
the  dura  mater  opposite  the  internal  occipital  pro- 
tuberance. Its  base  is  attached  to  the  middle  of 
the  tentorium,  and  its  top  or  apex  bifurcates,  to 
proceed  to  the  sides  of  the  foramen  magnum.  Its 
convex  surface  is  towards  the  cranium,  and  its 
concave  in  the  fissure  or  groove,  which  separates 
the  two  lobes  of  the  cerebellum. 

Falx  Cer'ebri,  F.  major,  Ver'tical  eupe'rior 
longitu'dinal  proc"ess,  31ediasti'num  cerebri.  Sep- 
tum Cerebri,  (F.)  F((ux  du  cerveau,  Bepli  longi- 
tudinal de  la  meninge,  (Ch.),  Proces'sus  falcifor- 
mis  durcB  matris.  The  greatest  process  of  the 
dura  mater.  It  extends  from  the  fore  to  the  hind 
part  of  the  skull,  on  the  median  line  ;  is  broad 
behind  and  narrow  before,  and  is  lodged  in  the 
groove  which  separates  the  hemispheres  from 
each  other — the  interlobular  fissure.  At  its  supe- 
rior part  is  situated  the  longitudinal  sinus  (supe- 
rior,) and  at  its  lower,  corresponding  to  the  edge 
of  the  scythe,  the  inferior  longitudinal  sinus.  Its 
anterior  extremity  is  attached  to  the  crista  galli; 
its  posterior  is  continuous  with  the  tentorium 
cerebelli,  and  contains  the  straight  sinus. 

Falx  Major,  Falx  cerebri — f.  Minor,  Falx 
cerebelli. 

Falx  op  the  Peritone'um,  Great,  F.peritone'i 
max'ima,  (F.)  Grande  faux  du  peritoine.  Faux  de 
la  Veine  Onibilicale,  Falx  of  the  umbilical  vein, 
is  a  reflection  of  the  peritoneum,  which  ascends 
from  the  umbilicus  to  the  anterior  and  inferior 
surface  of  the  liver. 

Falces  of  the  Peritone'um,  Lesser,  Falces 
Peritone'imin'ima,  (F.)  Petitesfaux  du  peritoine, 
are  the  lateral  ligaments  of  the  liver  and  the  re- 
flections which  the  peritoneum  forms,  raised  up 
by  the  umbilical  arteries. 

Falx  of  the  Umbilical  Vein,  Falx,  great, 
of  the  Peritoneum. 

FAME,  Lancet. 

FAMEL'ICA  FEBRIS,  from  fames,  'hunger.' 

Fever   accompanied   with   insatiable   hunger. 

Sylvius. 

FAMELICUS,  Hungry. 


FAMES,  Hunger  — f.  Bovina,  Boulimia  — f. 
Canina,  Boulimia. 

Fames  Lupi'na,  Lycorex'is,  (F.)  Faim  de  Loup. 
Authors  have  described,  under  this  name,  a  kind 
of  boulimia,  or  depravation  of  the  digestive  func- 
tion, in  which  the  patient  eats  voraciously,  an.l 
passes  his  food,  almost  immediately  afterwards, 
per  anum. 

FAMEX,  Contnsio. 

FAMIGERATIS'SIMUM  EMPLAS'TRUM, 
horn  fa  ma,  '  fame,'  and  gcro,  '  I  wear.'  A  plaster, 
extolled  in  ague,  and  made  of  aromatic,  irritating 
substances.     It  was  applied  to  the  wrist. 

FAMILIARICA  SELLA,  Close  stool 

FAMILY  DISEASES,  see  Hereditary. 

FAMIS,  Contusio. 

FAMIX,  Contusio. 

FANCULUM,  Anethum. 

FANCY  MARK,  Navus. 

FANFECKLES,  Ephelides. 

FANG,  Radix. 

FANON  (F.)  from  (G.)  Fahne,  'a  banner,' 
'ensign,'  'standard.'  Fer'ula,  Lec'tulus  stra- 
min'eus,  Thor'ulus  stramin'eus.  A  splint  of  a 
particular  shape,  employed  in  fractures  of  the 
thigh  and  leg  to  keep  the  bones  in  contact. 

The  Fanons  were  divided  into  true  anH  false. 

The  true  consists  of  a  cylinder  of  straw,  strongly 
surrounded  with  a  cord  or  riband,  in  the  centre 
of  which  a  stick  is  usually  placed  to  ensure  its 
solidity.  The  false  consists  of  a  thick  piece  of 
linen,  made  flat  like  a  compress,  and  folded  at 
the  extremities.  It  was  placed  between  the  frac- 
tured limb  and  the  true /anoH.  The  Drap-fanon 
is  a  largo  piece  of  common  cloth  placed  between 
the  fractured  limb,  in  which  the  fanon  or  lateral 
splints  are  rolled. 

FANTICKLES,  Ephelides. 

FANTOM,  Phantom,  Phanto'ma,  from  ^avracfia, 
'a  spectre.'  (Y.)  Phanlome,  Fant6me.  This  word 
has  two  acceptations.  It  means  the  spectres  and 
images  which  the  imagination  presents  to  the 
sick,  when  asVep  or  awake;  and,  also,  the  figure 
called,  also,  3Ian'niJnn,  Man'ihin,  and  Man'aklx, 
(F.)  Mannequin,  on  which  surgeons  practice  the  ap- 
plication of  bandages,  or  the  accoucheur  the  man- 
ual part  of  midwifery, — Phanto'ma  obstetric" inm. 

Fantom  or  Phantom  Tumour  is  one  that  forms, 
in  the  abdomen  for  example,  simulating  organic 
disease,  and  occasionally  exceedingly  deceptive. 

FARADISA'TION,  Far'adism;  from  Faraday, 
the  celebrated  physicist.     A  term  proposed  by 


FARCIMEN' 


FASCIA 


Diichenne,  of  Boulogne,  for  electricity  by  induc- 
tion. I 
FARf'IMEN,  see  Equinia.  I 
FARCIMINALIS    MEMBRANA    seu    TU- 
NICA. Allnntois.  j 
FAf{(-/.V,  see  Equinia. 
FARCINOMA,  Equinia. 

FARCTU'RA,  Fart'itra;  from /arci're,/nretum, 
'  to  stutT.'    The  operation  of  introflucing  medicinal 
.suhstanees    into  the    cavities    of  animals    or  of 
fruits,  which  have  been  previously  emptied. 
FARCTUS,  Kmphraxis. 
FARCY  (JLANDERS,  see  Equinia. 
FAHn.  Paint. 
FARDEAU,  Mole. 

FARFARA,  Tussilngo— f.  Bechiura,  Tussilago. 
FA R Id 0 1'L E,  Thymus. 

FARI'NA,  Al'phitun,  Crimnnn,  Al'efon,  Aleu'- 
ron,  Ale' ma,  from  far,  'corn,'  or  grain  of  any 
kind,  of  which  it  is  made.  Menl  or  flour.  The 
powder,  obtained  by  grinding  the  seeds  of  the 
gramineous,  leguminous,  and  cueurbitaceous 
plants  in  particular.  It  is  highly  nutritious  and 
much  used,  dietetically  as  well  as  medicinally. 
In  the  pharmacopoeias  of  London,  Edinburgh, 
and  Dublin,  Fari'na  means  wheat  flour — Farina 
Trilici. 

Lentil's  AUmen'tary  F«ri'na,  or  Homaeopnth'ic 
Farina' ceniis  Food,  is  said  to  consist  principally 
of  wheiit  flour,  slightly  baked,  and  sweetened 
with  sugar,  together  with  potato  flour  and  a  very 
small  quantity  of  Indian  corn  meal  and  tapioca. 
Farina  Amyghalauum,  see  Amygdala. 
Farixa,  CoMPonNDED,  Bastrr's,  is  said  to 
consist  of  wheat  flour,  sweetened  with  sugar. 

Farixa,  Nittritious,  JMaipman's,  is  said  to 
consist  of  potato  flour,  artificially  coloured  of  a 
pink  or  rosy  hue,  the  colouring  matter  being  pro- 
bably rose  pink. 

Fauina  Trit'ici,  wheaten  flour;  F.  Seca'lis. 
Rye  flour  or  meal ;  F.  Hor'dei,  Barley  meal;  F. 
Areiia'cea,  Oat  meal,  &c.     See  Amylum. 

Fariv.f,  Resolvent'eS,  (F.)  Farinen  Resolit- 
tiven.  This  name  was  formerly  given  to  a  mix- 
ture of  the  farina  of  four  different  plants;  the 
lupine,  Liipinim  alhnu,  the  Errnm  Errilia,  the 
Vicia  fdha,  and  the  Barley,  Hordeum  distichuni. 
They  were  recommended  to  form  cataplasms. 

FARINA'CEOUS,  Farina'cenx.  Farino'8U8,(F.) 
Fariiiace,  Farineux,  Meahj.  Having  the  appear- 
nncc  or  nature  of  farina.  A  term  given  to  all 
articles  of  food  which  contain  farina.  The  term 
Fariuacea  includes  all  those  substances,  called 
cerenlia,  lerjnmina,  &c.,  which  contain  farina,  and 
are  employed  as  nutriment. 

Hard's  farinaceous  food  is  fine  wheat  flour, 
which  has  been  subjected  to  some  heating  pro- 
cess. Bradrn's  farinaceous  food  is  said  to  be 
wheat  flour,  baked. 

In  Patholvr/i/,  the  e^hhct  farinaceous,  (Y.)  fa- 
riueux,'^\s  applied  to  certain  eruptions,  in  which 
tlie  epidermis  exfoliates  in  small  particles  similar 
to  farina. 

FARiNArEous  Food,  Braden's,  see  Farina- 
ceous— f  Food,  Hard's,  see  Farinaceous — f.  Food, 
horaa'opathic,  see  Farinaceous. 

Farinaceous  Food,  Plumbe's,  is  said  to  con- 
.'ist  principally  of  bean  or  pea  flour,  most  pro- 
bably the  former,  with  a  little  Tacca  arrowroot, 
some  potato  flour,  and  a  very  little  Maranta 
nrrnwroot. 

Farinaceoits  Food,  Prince  AnTHun's,  for  in- 
fants and  invalids  of  all  ages,  is  said  to  consist 
entirely  of  whea>  flour,  slightly  baked. 
FAlilNARIUM.  Alien. 

FARfNES  RESOLUTIVES,  Farinae   resol- 
vcntes. 
FARTXEUX,  Farinaceous. 
FARINOSUS,  Farinaceous. 


FARMERY,  Hospital. 

FARNTICKLES,  Ephelides. 

FARRIER.  Hippiater. 

FARSIGHTEDNESS,  Presbytia. 

FART,  Sax.  Fan^^,  from  Teut.  fahren,  'to  go:' 
— fart,  'a  voyage.'  (G.)  Furz.  JideUus,  Bdolus, 
Ihlelyg'mia,  Bdelijij'mus,  Bombus,  TruUa,  Porda, 
Pliysa,  Physe,  Flatus,  Crep'itus,  C.  vcntris,  (F.) 
Pet.  A  sonorous  or  other  discharge  of  wind 
from  behind.  A  low  word,  but  of  respectable 
parentage. 

FARTIIRA.  Farctura. 

FARTUS,  Emphraxis. 

FAS'CIA,  from  fascis,  'a  bundle'  Lir/a'tio, 
Ligalu'ra,  AUiijafu'ra,  Anades'mus,  Vin'cula, 
Spar'ganon,  Epides'mos,  Vinctn'ra.  A  bandage, 
fillet,  roller,  ligature.  The  aponeurotic  expan- 
sions of  muscles,  which  bind  parts  together,  are, 
likewise,  termed  Fasciae.     See  Tajnia. 

Fascia  Aponeurotica  Femoris,  Fascia  lata 
aponeurosis  —  f.  Capitalis,  Bonnet  d'HIppocrate, 
Capelina  —  f.  Capitis,  Diadema — f.  Cooperi,  F. 
Transversalis. 

Fascia,  CRiB'niFonir,  F.  Cribrifor'mis.  The 
sieve-like  portion  of  the  fascia  lata;  so  called 
from  its  being  pierced  by  numerous  openings  for 
the  passage  of  lyiuphatic  vessels. 

Fascia  Denta'ta,  F.  D.  Tari'ni,  Corps  go- 
dronne  of  Vicq  d'Azyr.  A  band  of  gray  matter 
seen  beneath  the  t;cnia  hippocampi  on  raising  it 
up,  which  runs  along  the  inner  border  of  the 
cornu  ammonis.  It  is,  as  it  were,  crenated  by 
transverse  furrows. 

Fascia  Digitalis,  Gantelet — f.  Diophthaliniea, 
Binoculus  —  f.  Dividens,  Dividing  bandage  —  f. 
Heliodori,  T  bandage. 

Fascia  Ili'aca,  ll'inc  nponeuro'sis.  An  apo- 
neurosis which  proceeds  from  the  tendon  of  the 
psoas  minor,  or  which  arises  fro-m  the  anterior 
surface  of  the  psoas  magnus,  when  the  former 
muscle  does  not  exist.  It  is  attached,  externally, 
to  the  inner  edge  of  the  crest  of  the  ilium,  below, 
and  anteriorly  —  on  one  side,  to  the  crural  arch, 
sending  an  expansion  to  the  fascia  transversalis  ; 
and  on  the  other,  continuous  with  the  deep- 
seated  lamina  of  the  fascia  lata,  which  forms  the 
posterior  paries  of  the  crural  canal.  Within  and 
behind,  the  fascia  iliaca  is  attached  to  the  brim 
of  the  pelvis,  and  is  continuous  with  the  aponeu- 
rosis, which  M.  Jules  Cloquet  has  called  Pelvian. 
The  iliac  aponeurosis  covers  the  iliac  and  psoas 
muscles,  which  it  separates  from  the  peritoneum. 

Fascia  Infundie'uliformis,  a  funnel-shaped 
off'set  from  the  fascia  transversalis,  which  is  pro- 
longed as  a  sheath  upon  the  vas  deferens  and 
spermatic  vessels  as  they  pass  out  of  the  abdo- 
men. 

Fascia  Inguinalis,  Spica. 

Fascia  Lata.  A  name  given  by  anatomists 
to  an  aponeurosis,  and  to  a  muscle. 

Fascia  Lata  Apoxedrosis.  F.  nponeurof'ica 
fem'oris,  Vagi'na  fcm'oris.  Crural  or  Feni'oral 
Aponeurosis,  is  the  most  extensive  in  the  body, 
and  envelopes  all  the  muscles  of  the  thigh. 
Above,  it  is  attached  to  the  outer  edge  of  the  ilia; 
before,  it  arises  from  the  crural  arch  by  two  dis- 
tinct lamina,  separated  by  the  femoral  vessels, 
and  becoming  confounded  a  little  below  the  part 
where  the  great  vena  saphasna  opens  into  the 
crural  vein.  Of  these  two  lamina?,  the  one  is 
more  anterior  and  thicker  than  the  other,  and 
may  be  considered  as  a  prolongation  of  the 
aponeurosis  of  the  external  oblique.  It  is  inti- 
mately united  to  Poupart's  ligament.  The  other, 
which  is  thinner,  is  behind,  and  deeper  seated, 
and,  after  its  union  with  the  former,  proceeds  to 
be  inserted  into  the  pubis.  Inferiorly.  the  fascia 
lata  becomes  confounded  with  the  tendon  of  the 
triceps,  and  is  attached  to  the  external  tuberosity 


FASCI.E 


376 


FAT 


of  the  tibia.  The  use  of  the  fascia  lata,  like  that 
(•f  other  aponenroses,  is  to  strengthen  the  action 
of  the  muscles,  <fec. 

Fascia  Lata  Muscle,  Tensor  vagi'iia  fcm'o- 
rls,  Fuscin' lisjMeiiihrano' sus,  Jfus'cnlits  aponeuro'- 
*•/»  sou  /(tscicB  lata  sou  fcin'oris  nieiiihnnio'stis, 
(F.)  II io-a pone vrosi -femoral, II io-apotievroti -femo- 
ral— (Ch.),  Tenseur  de  I'aponevroae  femorale.  A 
muscle,  situate  at  the  upper  and  outer  part  of 
the  thigh.  It  .irises,  above,  from  the  outer  part 
of  the  anterior  and  superior  spine  of  the  ilium; 
and  is  inserted,  below,  between  the  two  laminaj 
of  the  fascia  lata,  which  it  stretches  and  raises 
when  it  contracts. 

Fascia,  Obturator,  see  Pelvic  aponeuroses — 
f.  Pelvic,  Internal,  see  Pelvic  aponeuroses  —  f. 
Pelvic,  Lateral,  see  Pelvic  aponeuroses  —  f.  Pel- 
vic, Superior,  see  Pelvic  aponeuroses. 

Fascia  Pko'pria.  A  layer  of  areolar  tissue 
derived  from  the  sheath  of  the  femoral  vessels, — 
or  according  to  some  from  the  cribriform  fascia. 
It  is  one  of  the  coverings  of  femoral  hernia,  and 
is  generally  pretty  dense  about  the  neck  of  the 
hernia;  but  thin  or  even  wanting  on  its  fundus. 

Fascia  Kepens,  Spica  —  f.  Scapularis,  Scapu- 
lary — f.  Sculteti,  Bandage  of  separate  strips  — f. 
Semicircularis.  j?a)nia  semicircularis — f.  Spiralis, 
Ascia  —  f.  Stellata,  Stella  — f.  Submuscular,  see 
Vaginal,  (of  the  eye.) 

Fascia,  Subpeiutone'al,  Siibperitone'al  apo- 
'iienro'iiiH.  A  thin  tendinous  layer  on  the  outer 
surface  of  the  peritoneum. 

Fascia  Supehficia'lis,  Superficial  aponenro'- 
nis  of  the  abdomen  and  thigh,  (F.)  Aponevrose  su- 
perjicielle  de  V abdomen  et  de  la  ciiisse.  A  very 
thin  aponeurosis,  which  covers  the  muscles  and 
aponeuroses  of  the  abdomen  ;  passes  before  the 
crural  arch,  to  which  it  adheres  with  some  degree 
offeree;  sends  a  membranous  sheath,  whiSh  sur- 
rounds the  spermatic  cord;  and  is  continuous 
with  the  dartos,  which  it  assists  in  forming.  The 
fascia  superficialis  presents,  beneath  the  crural 
arch,  very  distinct  fibres,  whose  direction  is  pa- 
rallel to  the  fold  of  the  thigh.  It  is  applied  over 
the  fascia  lata  aponeurosis,  and  is  attached,  inter- 
nally, to  the  ascending  ramus  of  the  ischium,  near 
the  root  of  the  corpus  cavernosum.  Before  the 
descent  of  the  testicle  from  the  abdomen,  the 
fascia  superficialis  is  very  manifestly  continuous 
with  the  Gubernaculnm  testis. 

Fascia  Tformis,  T.  bandage— f.  Tortilis,  Tour- 
niquet. 

Fascia  Transversa'lis,  F.  Coop'eri.  An  apo- 
neurosis, which  separates  the  transversalis  mus- 
cle from  the  peritoneum  in  the  inguinal  region. 
It  arises  above  the  posterior  edge  of  the  crural 
arch,  where  it  seems  to  be  continuous  with  the 
aponeurosis  of  the  greater  oblique  muscle.  Above, 
it  is  lost  in  the  areolar  tissue  at  the  internal  sur- 
face of  the  transversalis  abdominis.  Within,  it  is 
continuous  with  the  outer  edge  of  the  tendon  of 
the  rectus  muscle  and  Gimbernat's  ligament;  be- 
low, it  is  continuous  with  the  aponeurosis  of  the 
greater  oblique,  and  receives  an  expansion  from 
the  Fascia  Iliaca.  Towards  its  middle  and  a  little 
above  the  crural  arch,  the  fascia  transversalis  has 
the  wide  orifice  of  a  canal,  which  is  occupied,  in 
the  female,  by  the  round  ligament  of  the  uterus; 
and,  in  man,  furnishes  an  expansion,  that  serves 
HS  a  sheath  to  the  spermatic  vessels. 

FASCIiE,  Swathing  clothes— f.  Coli,  see  Colon 
— f.  Ligamentosa)  Coli,  see  Colon. 

FASCIALIS,  Fascia  lata  muscle,  Sartorius — f. 
Longus,  Sartorius — f.  Sutorius,  Sartorius. 

FASCIARUM  APPLICATIO,  Deligation. 

FASCIATIO,  Deligation,  see  Bandage— f.  Cu- 
cullata,  Couvrechef. 

FASCICULI  CORTICALES,  Ferrein,  pyra- 
mids of— f.  Graciles,  see  Corpora  restiformia. 


Fascic'ui.i  Innomina'ti.  Two  large  bundles 
of  fibres  in  the  interior  of  the  medulla  oblongata, 
behind  the  corpora  olivaria,  and  more  or  less 
apparent  between  those  bodies  and  the  corpora 
restiformia.  They  ascend,  and  become  apparent 
in  the  fourth  ventricle,  under  the  name  Fasvic'uli 
seu  I'rocen'sun  ter'eteis. 

Fasciculi,  Median  Posterior,  op  Tnn  Me- 
dulla Oblongata,  Funiculi  graciles — f.  Mustur 
lorum,  see  Muscular  fibre  —  f.  Pyramidales,  Fer- 
rein, Pyramids  of —  f.  Tcretcs,  Processus  terctcs, 
see  Fasciculi  iunominati  —  f.  Teretes  cordis,  Co- 
lumnas  carnete. 

FASCICULUS,  Phacel'lns,  Phu'cdns,  Fas'- 
cicle,  diminutive  of fascis,  'a  bundle;'  Dcsme'- 
dion,  'a  small  bundle.'  In  Anatomy,  it  is  cm- 
ployed  in  this  sense;  as  "a  fasciculus  of  fibres," 
(F.)  Fascicule,  Faiuceau  ou  Petit  Faisceau,  Trous- 
seau. In  Pliarmacy,  it  means  manip' ulus,  Chei- 
rople'thes,  ^etpoTrXrj^i]Si  '  »■  handful.'  Musa  Lras- 
savolus  says,  —  as  much  as  can  be  held  iu  two 
fingers. 

■  Fasciculus  CuNEATDS,  Reinforcement,  fascicu- 
lus of — f.  of  Reinforcement,  Reinforcement,  F.  of. 

Fascic'ulus  UiNCINa'tus.  A  while  bundle, 
seen  on  the  lateral  aspect  of  the  cerebral  hemi- 
spheres, passing  across  the  bottom  of  the  fissure 
of  Sylvius,  and  connecting  the  anterior  with  the 
middle  and  posterior  lobes.  The  fibres  of  this 
fasciculus  e-xpand  at  each  extremity,  and  the  su- 
perficial portions  of  them  curve  <jr  hook  sharply 
between  the  contiguous  parts  of  the  anterior  and 
middle  lobes,  whence  the  epithet  'uncinalus.' 

FASCINOSUS,  Membrosus. 

FASCINUM,  Penis. 

FASCIOLA,  Bandelette  —L  Cinerea,  Tubercu- 
lum  cinereum  —  f.  Hepatica,  Distoma  he|)aticuui 
— f.  llumana,  Distoma  hepaticum — f.  Lancculata, 
Distoma  hepaticum. 

FASELUS,  Phaseolus  vulgaris. 

FASEOLE,  Phaseolus. 

FASTID'IUM,  abridged  from  fatis  tadium. 
Fastidiousness,  S(jueainishness,  or  the  condition 
of  a  stomach  that  is  really  afi'eeted  with  nausea. 

Fastidiusi  CiBi,  Asitia,  Disgust  — f.  Potds, 
Loathing  of  drink. 

FASTItilUM,  Acme. 

FASTING,  from  Sax.  paerran,  Limo'sis  expert 
protrac'ta,  Anorex'ia  mirab'ilis,  Ine'dia,  Jeju'- 
uium.  Loss  or  want  of  appetite,,  without  any 
other  apparent  affection  of  the  stomach;  so  that 
the  system  can  sustain  almost  total  abstinence 
for  a  long  time  without  faintness.  Some  won- 
derful cases  of  this  kind  are  on  record.  See  Ab- 
stinence. 

FAT,  Pingne'do,  Pim'ele,  Piar,  Piei'ron,  Li- 
jios,  Stear,  Adcps,  Sevum,  Sebum,  Corpus  udipo'- 
sum,  A.xnn'gia,  Fat,  (F.)  Graisse :  from  (G.) 
Fett,  (Sax.)  pat:.  A  soft,  white,  animal  sub- 
stance; inodorous;  insipid;  oily;  inflammable, 
easy  to  melt;  spoiling  in  the  air,  and  be'coming 
rancid  by  union  with  oxygen  :  almost  insoluble 
in  alcohol;  insoluble  in  water;  soluble  in  fixed 
oils.  Fat  is  formed  of  the  immediate  principles, 
stearin,  tnargarin,  andolein  or  elaiu,  all  of  which 
are  regarded  as  salts  composed  of  stearic,  raar- 
garic  and  oleic  acids,  and  a  common  base,  to 
which,  from  its  sweetish  taste,  the  name  Gtyc"erin 
Glyceri'na,  Gbjceri'num,  (F.)  Gbjcirine  has  been 
given.  To  these  are,  almost  always,  joined  an 
odorous  and  a  colouring  principle.  Glvcekin.6V)/- 
ceri'na,  has  been  introduced  into  the  last  edition 
of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  U.  S.  (1851),  in  which 
it  is  directed  to  be  prepared  as  follows  :  —  Lead 
}jluster,  recently  prepared  and  yet  fluid;  boitljig 
water,  of  each  a  gallon  ;  mix  :  stir  briskly  for  15 
minutes;  allow  it  to  cool  and  pour  off  the  liquid. 
Evaporate  until  it  has  the  .s.  g.  1.15,  and  pass 
slowly  through  it  a  current  of  sulpho-hydric  acid 


FATIGATIO 


!77 


FEBRIS 


until  a  lilaek  precipitate  is  no  longer  thrown 
down.  Filter  and  boil  until  the  sulpho-hydric 
acid  is  driven  off,  and  evaporate  the  liquid  until 
it  ceases  to  lose  weight.  Glycerin  is  a  colourless 
or  straw-coloured  syrupy  fluid;  s.  g.  1.25.  It  is 
soluble  in  water  and  in  alcohol,  but  not  in  ether. 
It  is  used  in  the  form  of  lotion,  composed  of  half 
an  ounce  to  ten  fluidounces  of  water,  in  cutaneous 
diseases,  as  psoriasis,  pityriasis,  lepra  and  ichthy- 
osis. It  forms  a  kind  of  varnish,  and  might  be 
useful  in  cases  of  burns. 

Fat  is  found  in  a  number  of  animal  tissues,  and 
is  very  abundant  in  the  neighborhood  of  the 
kidneys  and  in  the  epiploon.  It  is  generally  fluid 
in  the  cetacea ;  soft,  and  of  a  strong  smell  in  the 
carnivora;  solid,  and  inodorous  in  the  ruminat- 
ing animal ;  white,  and  abundant  in  young  ani- 
mals ;  and  yellowish  in  old.  It  generallj'  forms 
about  a  twentieth  part  of  the  weight  of  the  human 
body.  The  fat,  considered  physiologically,  has, 
for  its  fimction,  to  ]>rotect  the  organs;  maintain 
their  temperature ;  and  to  serve  for  nutrition  in 
case  of  need;  as  is  observed  in  torpid  animals. 

Fat,  Corpulent — f.  Cells,  Fatty  vesicles. 

Fat,  .Mackaw,  see  Cocos  butyracea. 

FATKJATIO,  Copos. 

FATIGUE,  Copos. 

FATTY,  Adipo'nits,  Ad'ipa'tus,  Pimel'icus,  Pi- 
meld'des,  Li/xiro'den,  Lip'anis,  Sax.  FSBt ;  past 
participle  of  peoan,  to  feed,  Ad'ipous,  Pinguid, 
Pi)i(jiiid'inous.  Relating  to  ftit.  llesembling  or 
containing  fat.  The  cellular  membrane  has  been 
called  fdlti/  or  adipous;  froui  an  opinion  that,  in 
its  areolae,  the  fat  is  deposited.  The  areolar 
membrane,  however,  merely  lodges,  between  its 
lanielliB  and  filaments,  the  vesicles  in  which  the 
fat  is  contained. 

Fattv  Lh/ambnt,  Ad'ipoHs  ligament.  This 
name  has  been  given  to  a  reflection  of  the  syno- 
vial membrane  of  the  knee  joint,  which  passes 
from  the  ligamentum  patclhe  towards  the  cavity 
that  separates  the  condyles  of  the  femur. 

Fatty  Membranb,  Ad'ipom  membrane,  Adi- 
pous tissue.  The  subcutaneous  areolar  tissue,  or 
that  containing  the  fatty  or  adipous  vesicles. 

Fatty  Ves'iclks,  Sac'cidi  adipo'si,  Ad'ipous 
vesicles.  Fat  cells.  This  name  is  given  to  small 
bursa)  or  membranous  vesicles  which  enclose  the 
fat,  and  are  found  situate  in  the  areolee  of  the 
areolar  tissue.  These  vesicles  vary  much  in 
size.  Generally,  they  are  round  and  globular; 
and,  in  certain  subjects,  receive  vessels  which  are 
very  apparent.  They  form  so  many  small  sacs 
without  .apertures,  in  the  interior  of  which  are 
filaments  arranged  like  septa.  In  fatty  subjects, 
the  adipous  vesicles  are  very  perceptible,  being 
attached  to  the  areolar  tissue  and  neighbouring 
parts  by  a  vascular  pedicle.  Raspail  affirms  that 
there  is  the  most  striking  analogy  between  the 
nature  of  the  adipose  granules  and  that  of  the 
amylaceous  grains. 

Fatty  Vessels,  Ad'ipous  vessels.  The  vessels 
connected  with  the  fat.  Some  anatomists  have 
called  Adipous  canals,  (F.)  Conduits  adipeitx,  the 
vessels  to  which  they  attribute  the  secretion  of  fat. 

Fatty  Deoenrratios  of  the  Liver,  Adiposis 
hepatica — f.  Liver,  Adiposis  hepatica. 

FA  TUfS'ME,  Fatuitas. 

FATU'ITAS.  Moro'sis,  Slultit"ia,  Stupor  mem- 
tit.  Ame.n'tia  ;  (F.)  Fatuisme,  Fatuite,  from  fatnus, 
'foolish.'  Mental  imbecility.  Idiotism.  De- 
mentia. One  affected  with  fatuity  is  said  to  be 
/at'uoiis,  (fi'C.)  Dawpit. 

F.\TUrTAS  ALPICOLARUM,  Cretinism  — f. 
Convallinus,  Cretinism. 

FATUOUS,  see  Fatuity. 

FAUCI']:^,  Isthmus.  Pharynx,  Throat. 

FAUCKTTE  VOICE,  see  Voice. 

FAUNO'RUM   LUDIB'RIA.     The  sports  of 


the  Fauni.  Some  authors  have  called  thus  the 
incubus;  others,  epilepsv. 

FAUQUIER  SPRINGS,  see  Virginia,  Mine- 
ral Waters  of. 

FAUSSE,  False — /.  ConccjHion,  Conception, 
false. 

FAUSSE  COUCHE  (F.),  Vanum  purtu'rium. 
Some  authors  have  used  this  term  for  the  expul- 
sion of  different  bodies  constituting  false  concep- 
tions ;  such  as  moles,  hydatids,  clots  of  blood, 
<fco.'  Most  accoucheurs  use  the  term  synony- 
mously with  abortion. 

FAUSSE  GROSSESSE,  Pregnancy,  false  — 
/.  Membrane,  Membrane,  false — /.  Pleuresie, 
Pleurisy,  false — /.  Pneumonic,  Peripneumonia 
notha. 

FAUSSE  POSITION  (F.),  False  position. 
The  French  use  this  term,  in  vulgar  language,  to 
indicate  any  attitude  in  which  torpor,  tingling, 
and  loss  of  power  over  the  motion  of  a  part,  are 
produced  by  too  strong  contraction  or  painful 
compression. 

FAUSSE  RHABARBE,  Thalietron— /.  Route, 
False  passage — f.  Variole,  Varicella. 

FAUST  I' NI  PASTIL'LI,  Faustimis's  Lo- 
zenges. These  were  once  celebrated.  They  were 
composed  of  burnt  paper,  quicklime,  oxide  of  ar- 
senic, sandarach,  lentils,  &c. 

FAUX,  False — /.  du  Cerveau,  Falx  cerebri  — 
/.  du  Cervelet,  Falx  cerebelli — ■/.  Germe,  Concep- 
tion, false  — /.  Grande  du  peritoine,  Falx,  great, 
of  the  peritoneum — /.  Petite  du  peritoine,  Falx, 
lesser,  of  the  peritoneum — •/.  de  la  Veine  ombili- 
cale,  Falx,  great,  of  the  peritoneum. 

FAVEUX,  Favosus. 

FAVIFORMIS,  Favosus. 

FAVO'SUS.  Similar  to  a  honeycomb.  Favi- 
form'is,  Favous,  from  fa vus,  cerion,  'a  honey- 
comb.' (F.)  Faveux.  An  epithet  given  to  a  spe- 
cies of  porrigo.  Cerion,  Kerion,  Farus ;  means 
also  a  state  of  ulceration,  resembling  a  honey- 
comb. 

FA'VULUS  ;  diminutive  of  favus,  'a  honey- 
comb.' Favuli  is  used  by  Dr.  Morton,  of  Phila- 
delphia, for  the  honeycomb-like  depressions  in  the 
lining  membrane  of  the  stomach  —  the  stomach- 
cells  of  Messrs.  Todd  and  Bowman. 

FAVUS,  Porrigo,  Porrigo  fiivosa,  see  Favosus 
—  f.  Confertus,  Porrigo  scutulata  —  f.  Dispersus, 
Porrigo  lupinosa — f.  Dissemine,  Porrigo  lupinosa 
— f.  en  Gronpes,  Porrigo  scutulata. 

FAXWAX,  see  Nucha. 

FEA BERRY,  Ribes  uva  crispa. 

FEATIIERFEW,  Matricaria. 

FEBRIC'ITANS,  Feb'riens,  Emp'yros,  (F.) 
Febricitant.  One  attacked  with  fever;  from /e- 
briritare,  '  to  have  a  fever.' 

FEBRICITATIO,  Feverishness. 

FEBRICOSUS,  Feverish. 

FEBRIC'ULA,  Fe'veret,  (F.)  Febricnle.  Di- 
minutive of /(•tci's,  •' fever.'  A  term  employed  to 
express  a  slight  degree  of  fever.     Ephemera. 

FEBRICULOSITY,  Feverishness. 

FEBRIENS,  Febricitans.  Feverish. 

FEBRIFACIENT,  see  Feverish. 

FEBRIF'EROUS, /'ffi'/v/er,  irova  fehris,  'fe- 
ver,' and  fero,  '  I  carry.'  Fever-bearing,  as  a 
febriferons  locality. 

FEBRIFIC.  see  Feverish. 

FEB'RIFUGE,  Lexipyret'icus,  Lexipi/r'etus, 
Pi/ret'icus,  Alcxipyret' icus,  Antifebri'lis,  Antipy- 
ret'ic,  Febrifiigus,  from  febris,  '  a  fever,'  and 
fugare,  '  to  drive  away.'  A  medicine  which  pos- 
sesses the  property  of  abating  or  driving  away 
fever. 

FEBRIFUGUM  LIGNUM.  Quassia. 

FE'BRILE,  Fcbri'lis,  Pyret'icus.  Relating  to 
fever,  as  febrile  movement,  febrile  pulse,  &c. 

FEBRIS,  Fever  — f.  Aemastica,  Synocha  — f. 


FEBRIS 


378 


FEBRIS 


Acuta,  Synoeha — f.  Acuta  continua,  Synocha — f. 
Adeno-meningea,  Fever,  adeno-meningeal  —  f. 
Adeno-nervosa,  Plague — f.  Africana,  Fever,  Afri- 
can— f.  Agrypnodes,  see  Agrypnodcs  and  Agryp- 
nos — f.  Alba,  Chlorosis — f.  Algida,  see  Algidus — 
f.  Am.itoria,  Chlorosis,  Hectic  fever  —  f.  Ame- 
ricana, Fever,  yellow — f.  Ainphemera,  Quotidian 

—  f.  Amphimerina  heetica.  Hectic  fever  —  f.  Am- 
phimerina  latica,  Latica  (febris)  —  f.  AmpuUosa, 
Pemphigus  —  f.  Anabatica,  Continued  fever  —  f. 
Angioteniea,     Synocha — f.    Anginosa,     Angina 

—  f.  Annua,  see  Annual  diseases  —  f.  Anomala, 
Fever,  anomalous  —  f.  Aphonica,  Fever,  aphonic 

—  f.  Aphthosa,  Aphtha  —  f.  Apoplectica,  Fever, 
apoplectic — f.  Ardens,  Synocha — f.  Arte  promota, 
Fever,  artificial — f.  Arthritica.,  Gout  —  f.  Asodes, 
Fever,  bilious,  see  Asodes — f.  Assidua,  Continued 
fever — f.  Asthenica,  Fever,  asthenic,  Typhus  — 
f.  Asthmatica,  Fever,  astlimatic — f.  Ataxo-adyna- 
mica,  Fever,  ataxo-adynamic — f.  Azodes,  see  Aso- 
des— f.  Biliosa,  Fever,  bilious  —  f.  Bullosa,  Pem- 
phigus—  f.  Cardialgia,  Fever,  cardialgic  —  f.  Ca- 
tarrhalis,  Catarrh  —  f.  Catarrhalis  epidemica.  In- 
fluenza—  f.  Caumatodes,  Synocha  —  f.  Causodes, 
Synocha — f.  Cephalalgica,  Fever,  cephalalgic — f. 
Cephalica,  Fever,  cephalic — f.  Cholepyretica,  Fe- 
ver, bilious  —  f.  Choierica,  Fever,  bilious.  Fever, 
choleric — ^f.  Chronica,  Fever,  chronic  —  f.  Coiil- 
terna,  see  Coalternaj  febres — f.  Colliquativa,  Fe- 
ver, colliquative  —  f.  Comatodes,  Fever,  apoplec- 
tic—  f.  Communicans,  see  Subintrantes  F.  • — f. 
Confusa,  see  Confusse  febres  —  f.  Continens,  Ty- 
phus—  f.  Continens  non  putrida,  Synocha  —  f. 
Continens  putrida,  Typhus  —  f.  Continua  inflam- 
matoria,  Empresma — f.  Continua  putrida,  Syno- 
chus — f.  Continua  putrida  icterodos  Caroliniensis, 
Fever,  yellow  —  f.  Continua  non  putris,  Synocha 
— f.  Continua  sanguinea,  Synocha — f.  Convulsiva, 
Fever,  convulsive  —  f.  Crymodes,  see  Crymodes, 
and  Algid  fever— f.  Culicularis,  Miliary  fever — f. 
cum  Delirio,  Fever,  delirious  —  f.  Dcpuratoria, 
Fever,  depuratory — f.  Dcurens,  Synocha — f.  Di- 
aphoretica.,  Fever,  diaphoretic  —  f.  Diaria,  Ephe- 
mera— f.  Duodccimana,  Fever,  duodecimane  —  f. 
Dysenterica,  Dysentery — f.  Elodes,  see  Elodes — 
f.  Elodes  icterodes.  Fever,  yellow  —  f.  Enterica, 
see  Typhus  —  f.  Enteromescuterica,  Entero-me- 
senteric  —  f.  Epacmastica,  see  Epacmasticos  —  f. 
Ephemera,  Ephemera — f.  Epidemica  cum  angina, 
Cynanche  maligna — f.  Epileptica,  Fever,  epileptic 
■ — f.  Erotica,  Fever,  erotic — f.  Erratica,  Fever,  ano- 
malous. Fever,  erratic,  see  Erratic  and  Planetes 
— f.  Erronea,  see  Planetes — f.  Erysipelacea,  Ery- 
sipelas— f.  Erysipelatosa,  Erysipelas — f.  Esserosa, 
Miliary  fever  —  f.  Exquisita,  Fever,  regular  —  f. 
Exanthematica  articularis,  Dengue — f.  Famelica, 
see  Famelica  Febris — f.  Flava,  Fever,  yellow — f. 
Flava  Americanorum,  Fever,  yellow — f.  Gangrao- 
nodes,  Fever,  gangrenous — f.  Gastrica,  Fever,  bi- 
lious. Fever,  gastric  —  f.  Gastrico-biliosa,  Fever, 
gastric — f.  Gastro-adynamica,  Fever,  gastro-ady- 
namic  —  f.  Haemoptoica,  Fever,  hsemoptoic  —  f. 
Hebdoraadana,  Octana  —  f.  Heetica,  Hectic  fever 
—  f.  Heetica  infantum,  Tabes  mesenterica  —  f. 
Heetica  maligna  nervosa,  Typhus  mitior — f.  He- 
meresia.  Quotidian — f.  Hemitritaja,  Hemitritaa — 
f.  Hepatica,  Fever,  bilious  —  f.  Hepatica  inflam- 
matoria.  Hepatitis — f.  Horrifica,  see  Algidus — f. 
Horrida,  see  Algidus  —  f.  Humoralis,  Fever,  hu- 
moral— f.  Hungarica,  Fever,  Hungaric — f.  Hydro- 
cephalica,  Hydrocephalus  internus  —  f.  Hydro- 
phobica.  Fever,  hydrophobic — f.  Hysteretica,  see 
Postpositio — f.  Hysterica,  Fever,  hysteric — f.  Ic- 
terica.  Fever,  icteric — f.  Iliaca  inflammatoria.  En- 
teritis—  f.  Infantum  remittens.  Fever,  infantile 
remittent — f.  Inflammatoria,  Synocha — f.  Inten- 
sio,  Epitasis — f.  Intermittens,  Intermittent  fever 
— f.  Intermittens  cephalica  larvata.  Cephalalgia 
periodica — f.  Intestinalis  ulcerosa,  see  Typhus — 


f.  Intestinorum,  Enteritis — f.  Irregularis,  Fever 
anomalous  —  f.  Lactea,  Fever,  milk  —  f.  LarvatOi 
Fever,  masked — f.  Lenta,  Fever,  infantile  remit* 
tent.  Hectic  fever,  Synochus  —  f.  Lenta  nervosa, 
Typhus  mitior,  Fever,  nervous  —  f.  Lenticularis, 
Miliary  fever — f.  Lethargica,  Fever,  apoplectic — 
f.  Lochialis,  Fever,  lochia! — f.  Lygmodcs,  Fever, 
singultous  —  f.  Lyngodes,  Fever,  singultous  —  f. 
Maligna,  Fever,  malignant  —  f.  Maligna  biliosa 
America),  Fever,  yellow — f.  Maligna  cum  Sopore, 
Typhus  —  f.  Maligna  flava  Indiao  occidentalis. 
Fever,  yellow — f.  Marasmodes,  Hectic  fever,  Ma- 
rasmopyra — f.  Meningo-gastricus,  Fever,  gastric 
— f.  Mesenterica,  Fever,  adeno-meningeal.  Fever, 
mesenteric — f.  Methemerina,  Quotidian — f.  Mili- 
aris.  Miliary  fever — f.  Minuta,  Fever,  syncopal— 
f.  Morbillosa,  Rubeola — f.  Mucosa,  Fever,  adeno- 
meningeal —  f.  Mucosa  verminosa.  Fever,  infan- 
tile remittent  —  f.  Nautica  pestilentialis.  Typhus 
gravior — f.  Nephritica,  Fever,  nephritic — f.  Ner- 
vosa, Fever,  nervous  —  f.  Nervosa  enterica,  see 
Typhus — f.  Nervosa  epidemica.  Typhus — f.  Ner- 
vosa exanthematica,  Typhus  —  f.  Nervosa  gas- 
trica, see  Typhus  —  f.  Nervosa  mesenterica,  see 
Typhus — f.  Nervosa  petechialis.  Typhus — f.  Neu- 
rodes.  Fever,  nervous — f.  Nocturnus,  see  Noctur- 
nal—  f.  Nonana,  Fever,  nonane  —  f.  Nosocomio- 
rum,  Typhus  gravior — f.  Nycterinus,  see  Noctur- 
nal— f.  Octana,  Fever,  octane — f.  Oscitans,  Osci- 
tant  fever  —  f.  Paludosa,  see  Elodes  —  f.  Pan- 
nonica.  Fever,  Hungary  —  f.  Pemphigodes, 
Pemphigus  —  f.  Pemphingodes,  Pemphigus  —  f. 
Pempta,  Quintan — f.  Periodica,  Fever,  periodic 

—  f.  Perniciosa,  Fever,  pernicious  —  f.  Pestilens, 
Plague  —  f.   Pestilens  maligna.  Typhus   gravior 

—  f.  Pestilentialis,  Fever,  pestilential  —  f.  Pesti- 
lentialis Europae,  Typhus  gravior — f.  Petechialis, 
Typhus  gravior  —  f.  Phthisica,  Hectic  fever  — f. 
Planetes,  see  Planetes — f.  Plcuritica,  Pleuritis — f. 
Podagrica,  Gout — f.  Polycholica,  Fever,  bilious — 
f.  Pneumonica,  Fever,  pneumonic,  Pneumonia  — 
f.  Puerperalis  biliosa,  Metrocholosis  —  f.  Puerpe- 
rarum.  Puerperal  fever  —  f.  Puncticularis,  Mili- 
ary fever.  Typhus  gravior — f.  Puerperalis,  Fever, 
puerperal  —  f.  Purpurate  rubra  et  alba  miliaris, 
Miliary  fever — f.  Purulenta,  Fever,  purulent — f. 
Putrida,  Typhus  gravior  —  f.  Putrida  nervosa, 
Typhus  mitior  —  f.  Quartana,  Quartan  —  f.  Quer- 
quera,  see  Algidus — f.  Quinta,  Quintan — f.  Quin- 
tana.  Fever,  quintan.  Quintan  —  f.  Quotidiana, 
Fever,  quotidian.  Quotidian — f.  Regularis,  Fever, 
regular  —  f.  Remittens,  Remittent  fever  —  f.  Re- 
mittens infantum,  Fever,  infantile  remittent  —  f. 
Rheumatica  inflammatoria.  Rheumatism,  acute — 
f.  Rubra,  Scarlatina — f.  Rubra  pruriginosa,  Urti- 
caria— f.  Sanguinea,  Synocha — f.  Sapropyra,  Ty- 
phus gravior  —  f.  Scarlatinosa,  Scarlatina  —  f. 
Scorbutica,  Fever,  scorbutic  —  f.  Semitertiana, 
Hemitrittea  —  f.  Septana,  Fever,  septan  —  f.  Scs- 
quialtera,  Hemitritsea — f.  Sextana,  Fever,  sextan 
— f.  Simplex,  Ephemera,  Fever,  simple — f.  Sin- 
gultosa.  Fever,  singultous  —  f.  Soporosa,  Fever, 
apoplectic  —  f.  Stercoralis,  Fever,  stercoral  —  f. 
Sthenica,  Synocha  —  f.  Stomachica  inflammato- 
ria, Gastritis — f.  Subintrans,  Fever,  subintrant — 
f.  Sudatoria,  Fever,  diaphoretic,  Ilydropyretus, 
Sudor  anglicus — f.  Syncopalis,  Fever,  syncopal — 
f.  Syphilitica,  Fever,  syphilitic— f.  Tabida,  Fever, 
colliquative.  Hectic  fever  —  f.  Tertiana,  Fever, 
tertian.  Tertian  fever  —  f.  Tonica,  Synocha  —  f. 
Topica,  Neuralgia,  facial — f.  Toxica,  Fever,  yel- 
low—  f.  Tragica,  Fever,  tragic  —  f.  Traumatica, 
Fever,  traumatic — f.  Tropica,  Fever,  yellow — f. 
Typhodes,  Typhus— f.  Urticata,  Urticaria— f.  Ute- 
rina.  Metritis — f.  Vaga,  Fever,  anomalous,  see  Pla- 
netes— f.  Variolosa,  Variola — f.  Verminosa,  Fever, 
infantile  remittent,  F.  verminous,  Helminthopyra 
— f.  Vernalis,  Fever,  vernal — f.  Vesicular!?,  Mili- 
ary Fever,  Pemphigus  —  f.  Virginum,  Chlorosis. 


FEBRUA 


379 


FEIGNED  DISEASES 


FEB'IIUA,  from  fehruo, '  I  purge.'  In  ancient 
mythology,  a  goddess  who  presided  over  men- 
Btruation. 

FECAL,  Stercoraceous. 

FECES,  Faeces. 

FUcONDATION,  Fecundation. 

FECONDITE,  Fecundity. 

FEC'ULA,  FcB'citla,  diminutive  of /<E.r,  fcBcls, 
'lee.'  An  immediate  principle  of  vegetables, 
composed  of  hydrogen,  oxygen,  and  carbon.  It 
exi.<ts  in  several  plants,  and  has  different  names, 
according  to  that  which  furnishes  it.  (F.)  Feciile, 
Ami/dole.  When  extracted  from  wheat  or  barley, 
it  is  called  starch,  Am'ylum.  When  from  Cycas 
circina'lis,  Sci'jo  ;  —  {TOva  Orchis  mo'rio,  Salep. 
We  say,  also,  Fecula  of  the  Potato,  Bryony, 
Arum,  Manioc,  &c. 

Fecula,  Gkeen.  This  name  is  given  to  a  green, 
solid  matter,  of  variable  character,  which  is  be- 
lieved to  be  resinous,  and  which  renders  turbid 
several  kinds  of  juices,  extracted  from  vegetables. 
It  is  also  called  ChlorophylL 

Fecula  Amylacea,  Amylum  —  f.  Marantic, 
Arrow-root — f.  Tapiokii,  see  Jatropha  manihot. 

FECULE,  Fecula. 

FECULENCE,  Facuhn'tin,  Facos'itas,  Fax, 
plural  Fmcen,  Lemma,  Lee,  Depos'it,  Dre<js.  In 
Pharmacy,  feculent,  albuminous,  or  other  sub- 
stances, which  are  deposited  from  turbid  fluids. 

FECULENT,  Fascnlen'tus,  Hypot'rygus,  Try- 
go'des.  'Foul,  dreggV)  excrementitious ;'  as  a 
feculent  fluid,  feculent  evacuations,  <fcc. 

FECUND,  Feeun'dus,  Fw.cun'dus,  (F.)  Fecond. 
Same  etymon  as  the  next.     Fruitful,  prolific. 


FECUNDA'TION,  Facnnda'tio,  Twpregnn'- 
tion,  Impragnu'tio,  lugrarida'tio,  Pragna'tio, 
Gravida'tio,  Prcp.gna'tus,  Fructijica'tio,  Cye'sis, 
Encye'ais,  Eneymo'sia,  Procrea'tion,  (F.)  Fecon- 
dution.  The  act  by  which,  in  organized  beings, 
the  material  furnished  by  the  generative  organs 
of  the  female,  unites  with  that  prepared  by  those 
of  the  male,  so  that  a  new  being  results. 

FECUN'DITY.  Entoc'ia,  FcBcun'ditas,  Pro- 
ductiv'itas,  (F.)  Fecondite.  The  faculty  of  repro- 
duction, possessed  by  organized  bodies. 

It  has  been  estimated  that,  throughout  a  coun- 
try, taking  one  marriage  with  another,  not  more 
than  4  children  are  the  result;  and  iu  towns  only 
35  children  to  10  marriages. 

FEE,  Pyschorages,  Sostrum. 

FEET,  BURNING  OF  THE.  A  singular  cn- 
chectic  disease,  described  by  Mr.  Malcohnson  as 
occurring  in  India,  the  prominent  symptom  of 
which  was  a  sense  of  burning  in  the  feet. 

FEGARITE,  Cancer  aquaticus.  Stomatitis, 
pseudo-membranous. 

FEIGNED  DISEASES,  Morhi  dissimula'ti 
seu  simnla'ti  sen  cela'ti  sea  infitia'ti  seu  pseiida'- 
lei,  Sim'idated  or  Preteud'ed  diseases,  (F.)  Mala- 
dies dissimulees  ou  simulees  ou  feintes  ou  snppo- 
sees.  The  tricks  euiplnj-cd,  by  impostors,  to 
induce  a  belief  that  they  are  attacked  with  dis- 
eases when  they  are  not.  These  are  generally 
assumed  by  beggars  to  obtain  alms;  by  criminals 
to  escape  punishment;  and  by  soldiers  to  be 
exempt  from  duty. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  chief  feigaed 
diseases,  with  the  means  of  detection: 


A  TABLE  OF  FEIGNED,  PRETENDED,  SIMULATED,  OR  EXCITED  DISEASES  OR 

DISQUALIFICATIONS. 


Diseases,  &c. 


How  Feigned. 


How  Detected. 


1.  Abortion. 

2.  Abstinence. 

3.  Amaurotic 
Blindness. 


4.  Apoplexy. 


5.  Cachexia,  Anae- 
mia, AND  Debility. 

6.  Excretion    of 

Calculi. 

7.  Cancerous  Ul- 

cer. 


8.  Catalepsy. 


By  staining  the  clothes  and  body 
with  borrowed  blood. 


9.  Chorea. 


10.  Contraction  op 
Joints  in  Gene- 
ral 


4 


By  applying  the  extract  of  bella 
donna  or  datura  stramonium  to 
the  eye. 

By  falling  down  as  if  deprived  of 
sensation  and  consciousness. 

Using  substances  to  make  the  face 
appear  pale  and  livid.  Indulging 
freely  in  wine,  and  privation  of 
sleep  prior  to  examination. 

Putting  sand,  pebbles,  &c.,  into  the 
urine. 

By  gluing  on  a  portion  of  a  spleen 
with  the  smooth  side  to  the  skin, 
leaving  on  the  outside  the  ap- 
pearance of  an  ulcerated  surface. 

By  seeming  to  be  suddenly  motion- 
less, the  joints  remaining  flexible, 
and  external  objects  making  no 
impression. 


By  assuming  the  convulsive  motions 
of  a  part  which  characterize  cho- 
rea. 


By  constant  and  minute  attention. 

Amaurosis  is  characterized  by  dila- 
ted pupil.  Where  these  sub- 
stances have  been  applied,  the 
effects  will  go  off  in  ten  days  or  a 
fortnight. 

By  powerful  stimulants ;  an  electric 
shock  ;  application  of  hot  water, 
sternutatories,  actual  cautery,  &c. 

By  examining  if  the  pulse  be  strong, 
and  the  skin  hot,  and  whether 
there  be  loss  of  appetite  or  of 
strength,  or  swelling  of  the  limbs. 

By  the  aid  of  chymistry.  We  are 
acquainted  with  the  chymical 
composition  of  urin.ary  calculi. 

By  noticing  whether  there  be  signs 
of  cachexia,  and  by  attentive  ex- 
amination of  the  part. 

By  powerful  stimulants,  as  recom- 
mended under  apoplexy.  Letting 
fall  a  drop  of  boiling  wafer  on  the 
back.  Proposing  to  u^;e  the  ac- 
tual cautery,  and  seeing  whether 
the  pulse  rises. 

By  examining  the  patient  whilst  he 
may  imauine  himself  unobserved, 
and  seeing  whether  the  convul- 
sive motions  go  on.  By  anaes- 
thetics. (?) 

Jlode  of  discrimination  sometimes 
so  obscure  as  to  deceive  the  most 
practised  and  attentive. 


FEIGNED   DISEASES 


380 


FEIGNED   DISEASES 


Diseases,  &c. 


IIow  Feigned. 


How  Detected, 


11.  Contraction   op 
TJiE  Fingers. 


12.  Convulsions. 


13.  Opake  Cornea. 


14.  Cutaneous  Dis- 
eases 


Produced  by  the  application  of  a 
strong  acid,  by  acrid  powders,  as 
quicklime,  &C. 

Some  articles  of  diet  will  bring  on 
urticaria  or  nettle-rash,  In  parti- 
cular individuals,  as  shell-fish, 
bitter  almonds,  &c.  By  acrids, 
acids,  or  any  irritants  applied  to 
the  surface.  An  ointment  of  tar- 
tarized  antimony  causes  a  painful 
pustular  eruption.  See  Porrigo, 
in  this  list. 


15.Deaf-Dumbness.  ■ 


16.  Deafness. 


17.  Death. 

18.  Debility, 
Cachexia. 

19.  Deformity. 


20.  Delivery, 


21.  Diarrhcea, 


22.  Dropsy. 


23.  Dysentery. 


It  may  be  assumed  or  excited  by 
putting  a  pea  in  the  ear,  or  by 
inserting  irritants,  so  as  to  induce 
inflammation  and  temporary  loss 
of  function. 

Some  persons  possess  the  power  of 
suspending  or  moderating  the  ac- 
tion of  the  heart. 


After  enlargement  produced  artifi- 
cially, a  subsidence  of  the  tume- 
faction •.  the  parts  being  moisten- 
ed by  borrowed  blood,  and  the 
child  of  another  substituted  as 
the  female's  own. 


Said  to  have  been  caused  by  a  mix- 
j        ture  of  vinegar  and  burnt  cork.  (?) 
May  be  occasioned  by  the  use  of 
any  of  the  purgative  roots,  <fec. 


May  be  feigned,  like  pregnancy,  by 
wearing  pads.  The  anasarcous 
condition  of  the  lower  limbs  has 
been  caused  by  applying  a  liga- 
ture round  them.  By  inflating 
the  cellular  membrane  of  the  ab- 
domen. 

May  be  feigned,  like  diarrhoea,  by 
adding  a  little  blood  to  the  eva- 
cuations, or  by  introducing  a  soap 
or  some  more  irritating  supposi- 
tory. 


Introduce  a  cord  between  the  fin- 
gers and  the  palm  of  the  hand, 
and  gradually  apply  weights  so 
as  to  expand  the  fingers.  Confine 
him  so  that  he  cannot  obtain  his 
food  without  using  his  clenched 
hand. 

When  feigned,  they  do  not  present 
the  rigidity  of  muscles  or  the  ra- 
pidity of  action  which  characte- 
rize the  real.  The  mode  of  de- 
tection must  be  the  same  as  in 
epilepsy. 

The  existence  of  the  opacity  can  be 
detected  by  attentive  observation. 


By  careful  examination  on  the  part 
of  practitioner  and  nurse. 


The  really  deaf  and  dumb  acquire 
an  expression  of  countenance  and 
gestures  which  it  is  difiicult  to 
assume. 

Make  a  noise  when  not  expected, 
and  see  if  the  countenance  varies 
or  pulse  rises.  Put  to  sleep  by 
opium,  and  then  fire  a  pistol  close 
to  the  car,  when  he  may  be 
thrown  off  his  guard.  Examine 
the  car  to  see  if  any  trick  has 
been  played  there. 

If  suspected,  the  plan  recommended 
under  apoplexy  will  be  found 
most  efficacious. 


Examine  the  part  and  its  articula- 
tion, naked,  and  compare  it  with 
the  opposite. 

Can  only  be  positively  detected  by 
examination  ^jor  -vaginam.  Soon 
after  delivery,  the  vagina  will  be 
relaxed  and  the  lochial  discharge 
be  flowing  in  greater  abundance, 
the  shorter  the  time  that  may 
have  elapsed  since  delivery. 

When  diarrhoea  is  feigned  by  the 
lower  classes,  inspect  the  linen ; 
if  clean,  the  bowels  are  probably 
not  much  out  of  order.  Lot  every 
individual  have  a  close  stool  of 
his  own  ;  and  inspect  the  evacua- 
tions, taking  care  that  one  suffer- 
ing under  the  disease  does  not' 
lend  his  evacuations  to  another.   I 

Can  be  detected  by  attentive  exa- 
mination. There  will  be  a  want 
of  that  Icucophlcgmatic  habit 
which  accompanies  and  charac- 
terizes dropsy. 


Same  rules  as  under  diarrhoea. 


FEIGNED   DISEASES 


381 


FEIGNED   DISEASES 


Diseases,  <!^c. 


IIow  Feigned. 


IIow  Detected. 


24.  Epilepst. 


25.  Fever. 


26.  Fistula  in  Ano. 


127.  FnACTtinES. 


28.  H^matemesis. 


!  29.  Hjcmoptysis. 


30.  HAEMORRHOIDS. 

31.  IlEAnT,DlSEASES  " 

OF,  see   Palpita 


32.  IIepatitis. 


The  foaming  of  the  mouth  has  been 
produced  by  keeping  a  piece  of 
soap  in  it. 


By  various  stimulants,  as  wine, 
brandy,  pepper;  swallowing  a 
small  quantity  of  tobacco,  or  in- 
troducing it  into  the  anus.  Flour 
or  chalk  used  to  whiten  the 
tongue.  Redness  of  skin,  caused 
by  friction  with  a  hard  brush. 

By  making  an  incision  near  the 
verge  of  the  anus,  and  introducing 
into  it  an  acrid  tent,  such  as  the 
root  of  white  hellebore,  &c. 

There  is  generally  nothing  but  the 
man's  own  testimony.  He  com- 
plains of  pain  in  the  part ;  if  frac- 
ture of  the  skull  be  feigned,  he 
states,  perhaps,  that  he  becomes 
deranged  on  tasting  liquor.  •• 

By  drinking  the  blood  of  some  ani- 
mal, or  using  some  coloured  li- 
quid, and  then  throwing  it  up. 

By  secreting  bullock's  blood  for  the 
purpose  of  colouring  the  saliva; 
making  small  incisions  in  the 
mouth  ;  using  bole  armeniac  or 
paint  of  vermilion. 

By  introducing  bladders  of  rats  or  of 
small  fish  partly  intvo  the  rectum. 

The  linen  has  also  been  stained 
with  borrowed  blood. 


Sensation  in  epilepsy  is  totally  abo- 
lished. If  any  remain,  disease 
probably  feigned.  Incontractility 
of  pupil,  which  occurs  in  epilepsy, 
cannot  be  feigned.  Same  means 
to  be  used  as  in  feigned  apoplexj . 

This  deceit  is  generally  developed 
by  a  day  or  two's  examination. 
'Where  flour  or  chalk  has  been 
used  to  whiten  the  tongue,  the 
line  of  demarcation  between  the 
whitened  part  and  the  clean, 
healthy  margin  of  the  tongue,  is 
too  well  marked  to  escape  obser- 
vation. 

By  careful  examination. 


By  attentive  examination. 


By  cutting  oflF  the  supply  of  the  fluid 
and  careful  examination. 

Blood  from  the  lungs  is  frothy  and 
light-coloured.  Mouth  and  fauces 
must  be  carefully  inspected,  and 
the  individual  be  observed. 


33.  Herxia. 

34.  Hydrocele. 


35.  HvnnoCEPHA- 

LUS. 


36.  Hysteria. 


37. 1.vsAyiTY. 


38.  Jaundice. 


In  the  same  manner  as  hydrocele ;  |  rpj^g  detection  is  easy 


The  means  are  obvious 


Unless  the  person  be  a  well-educated 
impostor,  acute  inflammation  of 
the  liver  will  be  detected  by  the 
absence  of  marks  of  strong  in- 
flammatory action.  Chronic  liver 
disease  is,  frequently,  not  charac- 
terized by  well-marked  symp- 
toms, and  hence,  when  assumed, 
is  difficult  of  detection. 


by  inflation. 

By  puncturing  the  skin  of  the  scro- 
tum, and  inflating  the.  cellular 
membrane. 

By  opening  the  integuments  of  the 
head,  near  the  vertex,  e.  g.  and 
blowing  in  air. 


Do. 


Do. 


By  colouring  the  skin  with  an  infu- 
sion of  turmeric  or  tincture  of 
rhubarb.  Clay-cnlnrired  «foo?s pro- 
duced by  taking  daily  a  small 
quantity  of  muriatic  acid.  Hifih- 
cnloured  urine  by  rhubarb  taken 
internally. 


Does  not  easily  resist  the  applica- 
tion of  strong  sternutatories  to 
the  nostrils.  Attentive  examina- 
tion necessary. 

The  expression  of  countenance  can- 
not easily  be  feigned.  Nor  can 
the  affection  be  kept  up  so  long 
as  in  real  mental  alienation.  The 
individual  cannot  do  so  long  with- 
out food,  sleep,  &c. 

The  eyes  cannot  be  coloured,  al 
though  smoke  has  been  used  lor 
this  purpose.  The  skin  must  be 
washed  to  remove  the  colouring 
matter  if  any  exist,  and  the  sup- 
ply of  acid  and  rhubarb  be  pre- 
vented. 


FEIGNED   DISEASES 


382 


FEIGNED   DISEASES 


Diseases,  &c. 


Uow  Feigned. 


How  Detected. 


39.  Lameness. 


40.  Menstruation. 


41.  Myopia. 

Short-Si ffhtedness. 


42.  Ophthalmia- 


43.  Oz.ENA. 


44.  Palpitation. 


45.  Pains. 


46.  Shaking  Palsy. 


47.  Paralysis. 


48.   Phthisis    Pul- 

MONALIS. 


49.  Polypus  Nasl 


50.  PORRIGO. 

Scalled  Head. 


51.  Pregnancy. 

52.  Prolapsus  Ani. 

53.  Prolapsus  Ute- 


By  keeping  the  limb  in  a  contracted 
state,  and  resisting  any  efforts  to 
move  it. 

f  By  staining  the  clothes  and  body 
1       with  borrowed  blood. 


Excited  by  a  variety  of  acrid  and 
corrosive  substances  applied  to 
the  eye;  as  lime,  &c. 

A  portion  of  black  muslin,  spread 

'        over  the  cornea.     The  eyelashes 

are    sometimes     extracted,    and 

caustic  applied  to  excite  disease 

in  the  palpebraj. 

By  impregnating  a  piece  of  sponge 
with  some  offensive  juices  or  oils, 
mixed  with  decayed  cheese,  and 
putting  the  imbued  sponge  into 
the  nostrils. 

White  hellebore,  given  in  the  dose 
of  10  or  12  grains,  and  repeated, 
will  occasion  general  indisposi- 
tion, and  undue  action  of  the  heart. 


Individuals  with  long  necks  and 
contracted  shoulders  have  simu- 
lated phthisis,  by  covering  the 
chest  with  blisters,  cicatrices  of 
issues,  &c.,  and  by  taking  drugs 
which  cause  paleness. 

By  introducing  the  testicle  of  a 
young  cock,  or  the  kidney  of  a 
rabbit,  into  the  nostril,  and  re- 
taining it  there  by  means  of  a 
sponge  fastened  to  it. 

By  applying  nitric  acid  to  the  head, 
after  protecting  the  face  with 
fatty  substances  ;  but  the  chronic 
state  is  imitated  by  the  use  of 
depilatories  of  different  kinds  ap- 
plied sometimes  in  patches,  so 
as  to  resemble  the  Porrigo  de- 
calvans. 

By  wearing  pads,  and  assuming  the 
longing  after  particular  articles  ■ 
of  diet,  (fee. 

By  aportion  of  the  intestine  of  the  ox, 
in  which  a  sponge  filled  with  a 
mixture  of  blood  and  milk  is  placed. 

By  a  similar  fraud. 


By  two  persons  taking  hold  of  the  | 
individual    and    moving  rapidly 
along  with  him ;  and  when  they 
are   tired,   having   relays.     The 
impostor  will  generally  give  in. 

By  cutting  off  the  supply. 

Present  an  open  book,  and  apply 
the  leaves  close  to  the  nose.  If 
it  cannot  be  read  distinctly,  when 
thus  placed,  or  when  glasses 
proper  for  short-sightedness  are 
used,  the  disease  is  feigned. 


When  ophthalmia  is  thus  excited, 
its  progress  is  ordinarily  very 
rapid,  arriving  at  its  height  within 
a  few  hours. 


Cut  off  the  supply. 

The  detection  is  here  often  difficult. 
The  non-existence  of  pain  cannot 
be  proved,  and  great  pain  may  be 
present  without  any  appearance 
externally. 

The  imposition  is  more  frequently 
detected  by  inconsistencies  hnd 
contradictions  in  the  patient's 
history  of  the  case,  than  in  any 
other  manner. 

May  be  suspected,  if  the  person  be 
in  an  ordinary  state  of  vigour. 
Try  violent  remedies  and  means, 
recommended  under  Chorea. 

Violent  remedies  are  here  required. 
Cold  affusion,  actual  cautery, 
electric  shocks,  &c. 


By   attentive   examination   of  the 
symptoms. 


By  the  absence  of  the  areola;  the 

presence  of  a  pad  ;  and,  if  neces- 
sary, by  examination /)erfa(/iH"«i. 


FEIGNED   DISEASES 


f!83 


FEIGNED   DISEASES 


How  Feigned. 


How  Detectkd. 


)       sponding  arm. 
OF.  (. 

55.  CiiRoyic  Rheu- 


matism. 
See  Pain. 


56.  Scrofula. 


57.  Scurvy. 


By  examining  whether  the  arteries 
of  the  two  arms  heat  alike;  and 
if  a  ligature  be  placed  on  the  arm. 


66.  Stammering. 


159.    Stricture     of 
i     THE  Urethra. 
9.  Swelling  of  THE 
Legs. 


61.  Syncope. 


,  62.  Tympany. 


63.  Ulcer    op   the 
Ear. 


64.  Ulcers  op  the  J 
Legs,  &c. 


By  excitina:  nlcers  below  the  angles 
of  the  jaw. 

By  covering  the  teeth  with  wax, 
and  then  applying  acid,  corrosive 
substances  to  the  gums. 


65.  Bloody  Urine. 


.  Incontinence  of 
Urine. 


i  67.  Varicose  Veins. 


By  ligatures  round  the  thighs. 

Ligatures  are  sometimes  used  to 
prevent  the  pulse  being  felt.  By 
applying  lotions  to  the  face  to 
make  it  pale. 

Persons  have  possessed  the  power  of 
swallowing  air,  so  as  to  distend  the 
stomach,  and  simnlate  tj'rnpany. 

By  introducing  a  tent,  imbued  with 
blistering  plaster  into  the  ear, 
and  repeating  the  application, 
until  the  tube  becomes  ulcerated, 
and  a  discbarge  of  puriforni  mat- 
ter is  established.  The  fetid  smell 
is  imitated,  by  dropping  into  the 
ear  &  mixture  of  ompyreumatic 
oil,  asafoetida,  and  old  cheese. 
Also,  by  introducing  a  little  honey 
into  the  meatus. 

By  corrosives,  or  irritants.  Some- 
times b}"-  abrasion,  by  rubbing 
sand  on  the  shin-bone.  At  others, 
they  are  pretended,  by  gluing  on 
a  piece  of  spleen  or  the  skin  of  a 
frog. 

The  fruit  of  the  Indian  Fig  (Cactim 
opuntin)  colours  the  urine  as  red 
as  blood.  Cantharides  will  cause 
it.  Blood  may  also  be  procured 
and  mixed  with  the  urine. 


'  By  a  ligature,  placed  tightly  round 
the  limb.  They  may  be  excited 
in  this  manner,  or  aggravated  if 
already  existing. 


By  examining  the  general  habit, 
and  observing  whether  the  ulce- 
rations be  glandular,  and  the  dis- 
cbarge of  a  scrofulous  character. 

By  examining  the  general  habit; 
whether  debilitated,  cachectic, 
and  possessing  the  usual  general 
signs  of  scorbutus. 

Simulators  of  this  defect  generally 
state,  that  it  is  connate,  or  ascribe 
it  to  a  fit  of  apoplexy  or  severe 
fever.  Where  the  organs  of 
speech  were  perfect,  and  the  mo- 
ral evidence  of  the  previous  ex- 
istence of  the  infirmity  was  not 
satisfactory,  the  French  authori- 
ties used  to  confine  the  soldiers, 
and  not  supply  them  with  food, 
until  they  called  for  it  without 
stammering. 

j    By  passing  a  bougie. 

Examine  the  limbs  uncovered. 

By  using  sternutatories.  By  the 
absence  of  some  of  the  symptoms 
of  syncope.  Examine  the  naked 
arms.     Wash  the  face. 


•  By  careful  examination. 


Artificial  ulcers  have,  usually,  a 
more  distinct  margin,  and  are 
more  readily  healed  than  others; 
the  latter  being  generally  indi- 
cative of  an  impaired  constitu- 
tion. 

By  making  the  patient  pass  his 
urine  in  the  presence  of  the  phy- 
sician, and  examining  the  vessel 
before  and  after.  By  cutting  off 
the  supply  of  any  substance,which 
could  cause  the  appearance. 

Difficult,  at  times,  of  detection.  Give 
the  person  a  full  dose  of  opium, 
and  introduce  the  catheter  when 
he  is  asleep.  If  there  be  urine, 
the  incontinence  is  feigned. 


Bj'  examining  the  limb. 


FEL 


384 


FERN 


FEL,  Bile — f.  Anguillfe,  see  Bile — f.  Bovinum, 
Bile  of  the  Ox  —  f.  Bovis,  see  Bile  —  f.  Naturae, 
Aloes — f.  Tauri,  see  Bile — f.  Terrac,  Ludus  Ilel- 
inontii^f.  Ursi,  see  Bile — f.  Vitri,  see  Vitrum. 

FELDSrH KEREN,  Bathers. 

FELINKUS,  Bilious. 

FELLEUS,  Biliary,  Bilious. 

FELLIDUCUS,  Chola-ogue. 

FELLIS  OBSTRUCTIO,  Icterus  — f.  Super- 
fusio,  leterus — f.  Suifusio,  Icterus. 

FELON,  Paronychia. 

FELTING,  from  Anglo-Saxon  pelc,  cloth  or 
stuff  made  without  xceaving.  Tan(jUng.  A  term 
applied  to  the  hair  when  inextricably  interlaced, 
as  occurs  occasionally  in  women  from  inattention. 

FEL  ['RE  BE  GLASER,  Fissure,  glenoid. 

FELWORT,  Gentiana  lutea. 

FEI^IALE,  Foi'mina,  Fe'mina,  Gyne,  (F.)  Fe- 
mclle,  (Femme,  'woman.')  In  animals,  the  one 
that  engenders  and  bears  the  young.  It  is,  also, 
used  adjectively ; — as,  the  Female  Sex,  &c. 

Female  Parts,  Vulva. 

FEMELLE,  Female. 

FEMEN,  Thigh  (inner  part),  Vulva. 

FEMIXA,  Female. 

FEMINES'CENCE,  Fcemineacen'tia,  from  /«- 
mina,  'a  female.'  The  possession  or  assumption 
of  certain  male  characteristics  by  the  female. — 
Mehliss. 

FEMME  EN  COUCHE,  Puerpera. 

FEM'ORAL,  Femora'lia,  from  femur,  femorin, 
'the  thigh-bone.'  Belonging  or  relating  to  the 
thigh  ;  as  Femoral  artery,  Femoral  hernia,  &C. 
See  Crural. 

FEMORALIS,  Triceps  cruris. 

FEMOIW-  CALCANIEN  PETIT,  Plantar 
muscle — •  f .  Popliteal,  great.  Sciatic  nerve,  great 
— /.  P'jpliti-tibidi,  Poplitffius  muscle. 

FEM'ORO-TIB'IAL,  Femoro-tlbia'lia.  Be- 
longing to  the  femur  and  tibia.  The  Femoro- 
tihial  arfic.nliition  is, the  knee-joint. 

FEMUR,  Merus,  Me'ritim.  The  thigh  (q.  v.) 
Also,  the  tkiyJi  bone,  Os  fem'oris,  (F.)  L'os  de  la 
Cniese.  The  strongest  and  longest  of  all  the 
bones  of  the  body,  extending  from  the  pelvis  to 
the  tibia,  and  forming  the  solid  part  of  the  thigh. 
The  femur  is  cylindrical,  slightly  curved  anteri- 
orly, unsymmetrical  and  oblique  downwards  and 
inwards.  The  body  of  the  bone  is  prismatic,  and 
has,  behind,  a  prominent  ridge,  the  linea  aspera. 


Processes.  ■ 


Upper  or 

Pelvic 

Extremity. 

Inferior  or 
Tibial 


Head  supported  on  a 

column  or  neck. 
Great  trochanter. 
Lesser  trochanter. 
External  condyle. 
Internal  condyle. 


Extremity    I  External  tuberosity. 
•'■  [  Internal  tuberosity. 


The  femur  ossifies  from  five  points:  —  one  on 
each  process  of  the  pelvic  extremity;  one  in  the 
body  of  the  bone;  and  two  on  the  condyles.  It 
is  articulated  with  the  pelvis,  tibia,  and  patella. 
See  Thigh. 

FEMUR  COL  DU,  Collum  femoris— f  Mo- 
Tentium  septimus,  Iliacus  internus  —  f.  Moven- 
tium  sextus.  Psoas  magnus — f.  Summum,  Vulva. 

FENES'TRA.  K  icindoto,  (akin  to  (paivw,  'I 
show,' and  to  Sanscrit/a»H.)  (F.)  Fenetre.  Ana- 
tomists have  given  this  name  to  two  apertures, 
situate  in  the  inner  paries  of  the  cavity  of  the 
tympanum.  The  one  of  these  is  the  Fenest'ra 
ova'lis  seu  vestihxda'ris,  Fora'men  ova'le.  It  is 
oval-shaped ;  situate  at  the  base  of  the  stapes, 
and  corresponds  with  the  cavity  of  the  vestibule. 
The  other  is  the  Fenest'ra  rotun'da  seu  cochlea'- 
ria  seu  triq'uetra,  Fora'men  rotun'dxtm.  It  is 
closed  by  a  fine,  transparent  membrane,  called 


Membra'na  Tympani  fectin'daria,  Tympanum  mi- 
nus seu  secnnda'rium,  Ulembra'na  fenestra:  rotiin'- 
dcD,  and  corresponds  to  the  inner  scala  of  the 
cochlea. 

Frnesttia  Oculi,  Pupil. 

FENES'TRAL,  Fencstra'tus,  from  fenestra, 
'a  window.'  (F.)  Fenetri  et  Fenestrf.  Ban- 
dages, compresses,  or  plasters  with  small  perfo- 
rations or  openings,  are  so  called.  The  opeuings 
prevent  the  detention  of  the  discharge. 

FENESTRATES,  FenestraL 

FENESTPE,  FenestraL 

FEN/- TEE,  Fenestra. 

FENETRE,  FenestraL 

FENNEL,  Anethum  — f.  Dogs',  Anthemis  co- 
tula — f.  Flower,  Nigella — f.  Hog's,  Peucedanum 
—  f.  Sweet,  Anethum  —  f.  Water,  Phellandriuui 
aquaticum. 

FENOUIL,  Anethum—/.  d'Ean,  Phelhmdrium 
aquaticum — ■/.  Marin,  Crithmum  maritiiiiuni— /. 
de  Pore,  Peucedanum — /.  Ptiant,  Anetlium  gra- 
veolens. 

FENTE,  Fissure—/.  Capillaire,  see  Pilatio— 
/.  Glenoidale,  Fissure,  glenoid — f.  Orbitaire,  Or- 
bitar  fissure — /.  Orbitaire  inferieure,  Spheno- 
maxillary fissure — /.  Spheno-maxillaire,  Spheno- 
maxillary fissure — /.  SjjhSuoidale,  Sphenoidal 
fissure. 

FENUGREC,  Trigonella  foenum. 

FENUGREEK,  Trigonella  foenum. 

FER,  Ferrum — f.  Acetate  de,  Ferri  acetas— /. 
BrSmwe  de,  see  Bromine — /.  Carbonate  de,  Ferri 
protocarbonas — /.  Carbure  de,  Graphites  —  f. 
Chaiid,  Pyrosis — /.  Hydrate  de,  tritoxide  de, 
.^tites — f.  Hydriodatc  de,  see  Ferri  iodidum— /. 
lodure  de,  Ferri  iodidum,  see  Iodine — /.  Lactate 
de,  Ferri  Lactas — /.  Limaille  de,  Ferri  liinatura 
— /.  Perchlorure  de,  Ferri  chloridum— /.  Peroxide 
de,  Ferri  subcarbonas — /.  et  de  Potasse,  tartrate 
de,  Ferrum  tartarizatum — /.  et  de  Potassium,  cyn- 
nure  de,  Potassii  Ferrocyanuretum — /.  et  de  Po- 
tassium, protocyanure  de,  Potassii  Ferrocyanare- 
tum — f.  Reduit  par  I'liydrogcne,  Ferri  pulvis — f. 
Sulphate  de,  Ferri  Sulphas—/.  Sulphure  de,  Ferri 
Sulphuretum — /.  Tannate  de,  Ferri  tannas — /. 
Trichlorure  de,  Ferri  chloridum — /.  Vuleriaitat<i 
de,  Ferri  Valerianas. 

FERALIS  PEDICULUS,  see  Pediculus. 

FERINE,  Feri'nus;  'savage,  brutal;'  from 
fera,  'a  wild  beast.'  Therio'des.  A  term,  ap- 
plied to  any  malignant  or  noxious  disease.  In 
France  it  is  used  only  when  joined  to  Tonx ; 
Toux  ferine,  a  dry,  obstinate,  and  painful  cough. 

FERMENT,  Fermen'tum,  (quasi  fervimentum, 
from  ferveo,  'I  burn,  I  ferment,')  Zyma,  Zymo'- 
ma,  Leven,  (F.)  Levain.  The  latrochy mists  ap- 
plied this  name  to  imaginary  substances,  Fer- 
men'ta  mor'bi,  to  which  they  attributed  the  power 
of  producing  disease,  by  exciting  a  fermentation 
in  the  humours. 

FERMENTA'TION,  Fermenta'tio,  Zymo'sis, 
yEstua'tio,  Cansis,  lirasmos.  Same  etymon.  An 
intestinal  movement,  occurring  spontiineously  in 
a  liquid;  whence  result  certain  substances,  that 
did  not  previously  exist  in  it. 

The  chemical  physicians  attributed  all  diseases 
to  an  imaginary  fermentation  of  the  humours. 

FRnjiENTATioN,  PUTREFACTIVE,  Putrcfaction. 

FERMENTUM  CEREVISIiE,  Yest— f. Morbi, 
Ferment — f  Ventriculi,  Gastric  juice. 

FERN,  BUSH,  Comptonia  asplenifolia— f.  Cin- 
namon, Osmunda  cinnamoniea  —  f.  Eagle,  Pteria 
aquilina  —  f.  Female,  Asplenium  filix  foemina, 
Pteris  aquilina — f.  Flowering,  Osmunda  regalis — 
f.  Gale,  Comptonia  asplenifolia  —  f.  Male,  Poly- 
podium  filix  mas — f.  Meadow,  Cotnptonia  aspleni- 
folia—  f.  Rock,  Adiantum  pedatum  —  f.  Root, 
Polypodium  vulgare  — f.  Sweet,  Adiantum  peda- 


fernAmbuco  wood 


385 


FERRI   PIIOSPIIAS 


turn,  Coinptonia  asplenifolia — f.  Sweet,  shrubby, 
Corapt'>tiia  a.-:plenif'r)lia. 
FKllXAMiJUCO  WOOD,  Caesalpinia  echinata. 
FEHXFRKOKLED,  Ephelides. 
FERNITICKLK.S,  Piphelides. 
FERO'NIA  EliEPHAN'TUM,  (from  the  god- 
dess Feninia.)     A  tree  of  India,  Order  Auranti- 
ace;c,   which    yields    a   guui    eU)sely  resembling 
(Jum  Arabic.     Dr.   Pereira  thinks  it  not  impro- 
bable, that  a  part  of  the  Eniit  India  gum  taken  to 
England  may  be  the  produce  of  this  tree.     The 
leaves  are  aromatic,  of  an  odour  resembling  anise, 
and  are  used  ns  a  carminative. 

F K 11 K A M  !'i N 'T U M,  Side' r ion,  Instrnmen'tum 
fer'reiim,  from  fcrrum,  'iron.'  Any  surgical  in- 
strument made  of  iron.  By  the  vulgar,  in  France, 
the  word  frrreiitents  means  the  iitnlruiiieiita  used 
in  difiic-ult  labours. 

FHKRAUrA,  Scrophularia  aquatica. 
FERRATIIS,  Chalybeate. 

FERRIilX,  CANAL  OF,  Ductm  Ferrci'ni.  A 
trian^'iilar  channel,  which  Ferrein  supposed  to 
result  from  the  approximation  of  the  free  edges 
of  the  eyelids  api)lied  to  the  globe  of  the  eye; 
and  which  ho  considered  ailapted  for  directing 
the  tears  towards  the  puneta  lacrymalia,  during 
Bleep.     The  canal  is,  probably,  imaginary. 

The  same  name  is  likewise  given  to  the  corti- 
cal cnnah. —  the  first  portions  of  the  uriuiferous 
ducts,  whilst  still  in  the  cortical  substance  of  the 
kidney. 

Fkrrrin,  Pyr'amids  op,  Pi/mm'idcs  Ferrei'ni. 
Each  of  the  papilliB  of  the  kidney,  according  to 
Ferrein,  consists  of,  at  least,  700  subordinate 
cones  or  pyramids.  To  these  last  the  names  'py- 
ramids nf  Ferrein,'  Pi/rani' idea  reiia'len  Ferrei' iii, 
Fascic'idi  pyrtitnidd'les,  Fan'ciculi  cortica'len, 
Loh'idi  renuiit.  have  been  given. 

FERRI  ACE'TAS,  Extmc'titm  mnrtin  nce'ti- 
cum,  Ace'ticuin  nmrlia'le,  Ac"ef(ite  of  Iron,  Iron 
Liqnor,  {¥.]  Acetate  defer.  A  preparation  of 
the  Dublin  Pharmacopoeia,  made  by  digesting  1 
part  o(  carbonate  of  iron  in  6  parts  of  acetic  acid 
for  three  days,  and  filtering.  Dose,  as  a  tonic 
and  astringent.  TT^v  to  TTLxx,  in  water. 

FF.nui  JEiu'go,  F.  Subcarljonas  —  f.  et  Ammo- 
niae  murias,  Ferrum  ammoniatum  —  f.  Ammonio- 
ohloriduin,  Ferrum  ammoniatum. 

Ferri  et  Alu'mis.'E  SuM'HAS.  Snlphate  of  Iron 
and  Alumina,  is  made  by  treating  hicarbonated 
solution  of  soft  iron  and  carbonated  solution  of 
pure  n-anhed  alumina,  with  Hutphuric  acid.  It 
Las  been  recommended  as  a  valuable  astringent. 
Dose,  from  five  to  ten  grains. 

Fkrri  Ammo'nio-cituas,  AmmonicB  fcrro-citran, 
Fernim  ammoni'aco-cit'ricuin,  Anunonio-citrate 
of  iron.  Citrate  of  ammonia  and  iron.  Prepared 
by  adding  ammonia  to  citrate  of  iron,  so  as  to 
neutralize  the  excess  of  acid.  Dose,  gr.  v.  to  gr. 
viij.  A  PoTAssio-CiTUATE  and  a  Sonio-CiTRATE 
OP  Iron  have  also  been  introduced ;  and  a  Ci- 
trate of  the  Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron  prepared 
by  combining  the  magnetic  oxide  with  citric  acid. 
Ferri  Ammonio-tahtras,  Ammonio-tartrate  of 
Iron.  This  salt  is  best  made  by  dissolving  to 
saturation  freshly  precipitated  hydrated  oxide  of 
iron  in  a  solution  of  bitartrate  of  ammonia,  and 
evaporating  to  dryness.  It  is  very  soluble.  The 
dose  is  five  grains  or  more  in  pill  or  solution. 

Fruri  Arsenias,  Arseniate  of  Iron — f.  Dorus- 
sias,  Prussian  blue — f.  Bromidum,  see  Bromine — 
f.  Carbonas,  F.  subearbonas  —  f.  Carbonas  Sac- 
eharatum,  see  F.  Protoearbonas — f.  Carbonas  cum 
Saccharo,  see  Ferri  Protoearbonas  —  f.  Carbona- 
tuin.  Graphites — f.  Carburetum,  Graphites. 

Ferri  Ciii.o'RinrM.  /'.   S(S(juichlo'ridum,  (F.) 

Trichlonirc  ou  Perchlorure  de  fer.  Chloride,  Scu- 

quichloride,    Perrhloride    or  Muriate   of  Iron,    is 

obtained  by  dissolving  aeaqui-chloride  of  iron  in 

25 


chlorohydric  acid.  It  is  generally  prescribed  in 
the  form  of  Tinctura  Ferri  Chloridi.  A  concen- 
trated solution  of  the  perchloride  has  been  used 
as  an  injection  for  the  radical  cure  of  aneurism. 

Feiiri  Citra.s,  Ferrum  cil'ricum,  Citrate  of 
Iron.  Two  citrates  of  iron  are  prepared  —  the 
Sexquicitrate  or  Citrate  of  the  Senqniojcide ;  and 
the  Citrate  of  the  Protoxide.  The  former  is  offi- 
cinal in  the  Ph.  U.  S.  They  resemble,  in  their 
medical  properties,  the  tartrate  and  the  lactate 
of  the  metal.     Dose,  five  grains  or  more. 

Ferri  Cvanuretum,  Prussian  bine — f.  Deuto. 
carbonas  fuscus,  F.  subearbonas — f.  Dcutoxyduui 
nigrum,  ^thiops  martial — f.  Ferrocyauiis,  Prus- 
sian blue — f.  Ferrocyanuretum,  Prussian  blue. 

Ferri  Filum.  The  pharmaeopoeial  name  of 
iron  wire. 

Ferri  Hydriodas,  F.  lodidum  — f.  Ilydro- 
cyanas,  Prussian  blue  —  f,  Ilyperearburetum, 
Graphites. 

Ferri  Io'didum,  F.  lodure'tum,  Ferrum  iodn'- 
tum,  Iodide,  or  lodnret  of  Iron,  fF.)  lodure  de 
fer ;  in  solution,  Hydri'odafe  of  Iron,  Ferri  hy- 
dri'odan.  Ferrum  hydrioda'tum,  (F.)  Hydriodaie 
de  fer,  [lodin.  ^^ij,  Ferri  ramenf.  '^j,  Aq.  deilillal. 
Oiss.)  Mix  the  iodine  with  a  pint  of  the  di.-^tilk-  1 
water,  in  a  porcelain  or  glass  ve.«sel,  and  gradu- 
ally add  the  iron  filings,  stirring  constantly. 
Heat  the  mixture  gently  until  the  liqui<l  acquires 
a  light  greenish  colour;  then  filter;  and,  after  tic 
liquid  has  passed,  pour  upon  the  filter  lialf  a  pii:t 
of  the  distilled  water,  boiling  hot.  When  this 
has  passed,  evaporate  the  filtered  liquor,  at  a 
temperature  not  exceeding  212°,  in  an  iron  ves- 
sel, to  dryness;  keep  the  dry  iodide  in  a  closely 
stopped  bottle.  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  gr.  iij  to  gr, 
X  or  more. 

Ferri  Iohuretum.  F.  lodidura. 

Ferri  Lactas,  Ferrum  lac'ticum.  Lactate  of 
Iron,  L.  of  Protox'ide  of  Iron,  (F.)  Lactate  de 
Fer.  Prepared  by  digesting  in  a  sand-bath,  at  ;l 
low  temperature,  diluted  lactic  acid  with  iron 
filings.  It  is  employed  in  the  same  cases  as  the 
precipitated  subcarbonate  of  iron,  and  especially 
in  chlorosis.  Twelve  grains  of  the  lactate  may 
be  given  in  the  21  hours,  in  the  form  of  lozenges. 

Ferri  Limatu'ra  Purifica'ta,  Pu'rified  Iron 
FHingn  :  —  purified  by  means  of  the  magnet,  for 
internal  use.  The  filings  are,  also,  called  Ferri 
Scohn,  F.  llamen'ln  et  Fila,  Martis  Limatu'ra, 
Spec' uhim  lu'dicum,  Ferri  in  j>nl' verem  reKoln'tin, 
(F.)  Limnille  de  Fer.  They  are  considered  t) 
possess  the  general  properties  of  iron  : — the  iron 
becoming  oxidized. 

Ferri  et  Magne'si.e  Citras,  Citrate  of  iron, 
and  maefuc'nia,  is  prepared  by  dissolving  hydra- 
ted oxide  of  iron  in  a  solution  of  citric  acid,  satu- 
rated with  carbonate  of  mai/nesia,  and  evapora- 
ting to  dryness.  It  is  soluble  in  water,  and  does 
not  constipate.  Dose,  from  four  grains  to  fifteen, 
in  solution. 

Ferri  Nitras,  see  Liquor  Ferri  nitratis  —  f. 
Nitratis  Liquor,  see  Liquor  Ferri  nitratis — f.  Ox- 
idum  Fuscum,  F.  subearbonas— f.  Oxidum  hydra- 
tum,  Ferrum  oxydatum  hydratum  —  f.  Oxidum 
Magneticum,  Oxydum  Ferri  nigrum  —  f.  Oxidum 
Nigrum,  Oxydum  Ferri  nigrum  —  f.  Oxiduin  ru- 
brum,  Colcothar,  Ferri  subearbonas  —  f.  Oxidum 
hydratum,  Ferrum  oxydum  hydratum — f.  Per- 
cyanidum,  Prussian  blue  —  f.  Peroxydum  hydra- 
tum, Ferrum  oxydatum  hydratum  —  f.  Perses- 
quinitras,  see  Liquor  Ferri  nitratis. 

Ferri  PhOSPHAS,  Phosphate  of  Iron.  {Ferri 
Sulphat.  ^v,  Sodcp  Phosphat.  ^^vi,  Aqua;,  cong. 
Dissolve  the  sulphate  of  iron  and  phosphate  of 
soda,  severally,  in  four  pints  of  the  water;  then 
mix  the  solutions,  and  set  the  mixture  by,  thai; 
the  powder  may  subside ;  lastly,  having  poured 
off  the  supernatant  liquor,  wash  the  phosphate 


FERRI   riLA 


8  80 


FERRUM 


of  iron  with  water,  and  dry  it  with  a  {jentle  heat. 
—  Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  5  to  10  grains  as  a  chaly- 
beate.    Rnrely  used. 

Fkrri  PiLA,  F.  liinatiira — f.  et  Potassaa  tartras. 
Ferruiu  turtarizatum — f.  Potassio-citras,  sec  Ferri 
aiumonio-citras — f.  Potassio-tartras,  Ferruui  tar- 
tarizatuui. 

FuuRI  Protooar'bonaS,  Protncar'honnte  of 
Iron,  (F.)  Vurboniite  de  Fer.  The  protcicarbo- 
nate  of  iron,  thrown  down  from  a  solution  of  the 
sulphate  of  iron  by  the  carbonate  of  soda,  readily 
attracts  oxygen  and  becomes  converted  into  the 
sesqiiioxide.  To  prevent  this,  it  may  be  asso- 
ciated with  honey  and  sugar,  and  the  mixture  be 
reduced  by  evaporation  to  a  pilular  consistence. 
The  muss  constitutes  the  Ferrn'ginous  Pills,  Pi-' 
lii!efi/erri(f/ineuses,  of  Vallct,  Vollet's  Pith.  See 
Piluhv;  Ferri  Carbonatis.  The  Edinburgh  Phar- 
niiicopoeia  contains  the  Ferri  C<ir'b'»i(is  Sncclia- 
7-n'tiiiii,  Ferri  Car'boniin  cum  Sac'cliaro,  Sae'cha- 
riiie  Car'hnuate  of  Iron,  prepared  in  this  manner. 
It  is  the  Ferrum  Carbon'icum  Succharatum  of 
Klaucr. 

The  protocarbonate  is  given  in  the  same  dis- 
eases as  the  lactate  of  iron  ;  ten  or  fifteen  grains 
in  the  course  of  the  twenty-four  hours. 

Ferri  Protosulphas  Viuidis,  F.  Sulphas — f. 
Prussias,  Prussian  blue. 

Fkrri  Pulvis,  Fer  rhhtit,  F.  rednit  par  I'hij- 
drogeiie,  Ferrum  metal'licuiH,  Powder  of  irou, 
lledu'ced  Iron,  Qnevennc's  Iron,  prepared  by  pass- 
ing a  stream  oi  hydrogen  gnu  over  the  eenquioxide 
of  iron,  contained  in  an  iron  or  poroohiin  tube 
heated  to  low  redness.  It  is  very  liable  to  bo- 
come  oxidated,  and  must  be  kept  in  a  dry,  well- 
stopped  bottle.  It  has  been  prescribed  in  anse- 
inic,  and  especially  in  chlorotic  cases.  The  ordi- 
nary dose  is  three  to  six  grains,  or  more,  three 
times  a  day,  in  pill  made  with  sugar  and  gum. 
A  formula  for  its  preparation  is  given  in  the  last 
edition  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States 
(1851). 

Feisri  et  Qui'ni*  CitrAS,  Ferrum  et  Chini'num 
cit'ricHin,  Citriite  of  Iron  and  Qiii'nia,  formed  by 
the  union  of  four  parts  of  citrate  tf  iron  and  one 
part  of  citrate  of  quinia,  has  been  prescribed  in 
cases  where  a  combination  of  these  tonics  is  indi- 
cated. 

Ferri  Ramenta,  F.  limatura  —  f.  Rubigo,  F. 
Subcarbonas  —  f.  Scobs,  F.  limatura  —  f.  Sesqui- 
chloridura,  Ferri  chloridum — f.  Sesquioxidum,  F. 
subcarbonas  praecipitatus. 

Ferri  Sesquinitratis,  Liquor,  see  Tinctura 
Ferri  muriatis — f.  Sodio-tartras,  see  Ferri  et  am- 
monio-eitras. 

Ferri  Subcau'bonas,  F.  Car'bonne,  F.  Ruli'go, 
Ferrum  prcfcipita'tum,  Chal'ybis  Kubi'go  jjratpa- 
ra'ta.  (The  last  two  terms,  as  well  as  Ferru'go, 
are  applied  to  the  subcarbonate  or  rust,  ^Eru'go 
Ferri,  Cacaferri,  formed  by  the  action  of  moist 
air  on  metallic  iron.)  A  protoxide  of  iron,  oxi- 
dizeil  by  tiie  decomposition  of  water:  the  carbonic 
acid  being  attracted  from  the  air.  Dose,  gr.  v  to 
^fs  and  more. 

Ferri  Subcarboncts  may  be  precipitated  from 
sulphate  of  iron  by  carbonate  of  soda.  The  fol- 
lowing is  the  formula  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States:  —  Ferri  sulph.  ^vu)  :  aodcB  carh. 
^^ix;  <ii/u(B  bullieut.  cong.  Dissolve  the  sulphate 
of  iron  and  carbonate  of  soda  severallj'  in  four 
pints  of  the  water,  then  mix  the  solutions,  and, 
having  stirred  the  mixture,  set  it  by  that  the 
powder  may  suiiside :  having  poured  off  the 
liquor,  wash  the  subcarbonate  with  hot  water, 
wriip  it  in  bibulous  paper,  and  dry  with  a  gentle 
heat.  It  is,  also,  called  Ferri  nesquio.r'idnm, 
Ox'idum  ferri  fuscum,  0.  ferri  ruhrnni,  Deuto- 
cur'bonus  Ferri  fuscun,   Crocus  martia  ape'riens, 


!  ScHquioxidc  or  peroxide  of  iron,  (F.)  Peroxide  de 
fer.  Snfrau  de  Marx  a/ifrilif. 

Fkrri  Stlphas,  Sal  Martis,  Vitrio'Ium  Marlia 
seu  Ferri,  Ferrum  Vitriola'tum,  SulphaH  scu  Pro- 
toeuljihas  Ferri  vir'idia,  Vidcad'inum,  Cal'catar, 
Cal'cotar,  Chah(tn'thum,  Calcite'a,  Atranicii'tuin 
unto'  rium,  Vit'riol,  Vitrio'ium  viriile,  Au'iuia 
Ilep'atin,  Sulpliale  of  Iron,  Green  Vitriol,  Cop- 
peran,  (F. )  Sulfate  de  fer.  The  Pharmacopa'ia 
of  the  United  States  directs  it  to  he  made  by  the 
action  of  aulpliuric  acid  ^wW'},  on  iron  tnire.  cut 
in  pieces,  ^■'''J — water,  w  gallon  —  evaporating, 
crystallizing,  and  drying  the  crystals  on  bibulous 
paper.  This  salt  is  inodorous,  and  of  a  strong 
styptic  taste.  The  crystals  are  light  green,  trans- 
parent, rhomboidal ;  and  soluble  in  two  puns  of 
water.  It  is  tonic  and  anthelmintic.  Dose,  gr. 
j.  to  vj  and  more. 

Ferri  Sltli>iias  Calcinatijm,  Colcothar. 
Ferri  Sum'has  Exsicca'tum,  Ferri  Snlpluin 
sicca'tum,  of  the  Phiirmacopoeias,  is  Sulphate  if 
Iron  exposed  to  a  moderate  hent,  until  it  is  capa- 
ble of  being  reduced  to  powder.  In  this  f'orni  it 
can  be  made  into  pills.  Three  grains  may  be 
esteemed  equivalent  to  five  of  the  crystallized 
salt. 

Frrri  Sulphure'tum,  Sul'phuret  of  Iron,  Iron 
pyri'tea,  (F.)  Sulfure  defer;  maybe  made  by 
heating  one  part  of  sublimed  mdjihur.  over  three 
parts  of  iron  filing>>  in  a  crucible  until  the  mass 
begins  to  glow.  It  is  employed  as  a  ready  means 
for  obtaining  hydrosulphuric  acid  gas  bj'  the  ad- 
dition of  sulphuric  or  chlorohydric  acid. 

Ferri  Tannas,  Ferrum  tan'nicum.  Tannnte  of 
Iron,  (F.)  Tanuate  de  fer.  This  salt  is  usiialiy 
obtained  by  adding  a  solution  of  a  salt  of  seaqui- 
oxide  of  iron,  as  the  persulphate,  to  a  decoction 
of  nut-galls.  It  is  possessed  of  tonic  and. astrin- 
gent properties,  and  has  been  extolled,  especially 
in  chlorosis. 

Ferri  Tartatium,  Ferrum  tartarizatum — f. 
Tritoxydum,  Colcothar. 

Ferri  Valeria'nas,  Ferrum  Valeria')ticu>n, 
Vale'rianatc  of  Iron,  (F.)  Valcriauate  de  fer. 
Formed  by  the  action  of  valerianic  acid  on  oj:idc 
of  iron.  It  is  a  dark  brick-red  powder,  insoluble 
in  water,  and  has  been  given  in  hysteria  compli- 
cating chlorosis.  Dose,  from  two  to  four  jzrains. 
The  I)ul)lin  Pharmacopoeia  of  1860  has  a  formula 
for  this  salt. 

FERRICUS  HYDRAS,  Ferrum  ojcydum  by- 
dralnm. 

F  E  R  R  0-MAN'GANIC,  Ferm-mangan'icuH. 
Composed  of  iron  and  manganese — as  a  "ferro- 
manganic  preparation." 

FERRUGIXEOUS,  Chalybeate. 
FKRRUGINOUS,  Chalybeate. 
FEKRUGO,  Ferri  subcarbonas,  Ferrum  oxy 
datum  hydratum. 

FERRUjM,  Mara,  Side'roa,  Metal'lum  hmniato- 
poet'icum.  Iron,  (F.)  Fer.  A  metal  of  a  bluish- 
gray  colour;  fibrous  texture;  brilliant  and  fine- 
grained fracture.  Specific  gravity  7'600  to  7'ftOO; 
hard,  ductile,  malleable,  and  magnetic.  The  me- 
dicinal virtues  of  iron  are  tonic  ;  producing  fetid 
eructations,  when  it  takes  effect,  owing  to  its 
meeting  with  acid  in  the  stomach,  which  (jxidizcs 
it,  and  causes  the  evolution  of  hydrogen  gus. 
When  given  in  the  metallic  state,  the  filings  are 
chiefly  used;  but  the  oxides  and  salts  are  most 
cominonlj'  employed. 

Ferrum  Am.moniacai.e,  F.  ammoniatura  —  f. 
Aminoniaco-citricum,  Ferri  ammonio-citriis. 

Ferrum  Ammoxia'tum,  F.  ammoniacn'le.  Mu  - 
riaa  Ammo'nicp,  et  Ferri,  Ferri  nmmo'nio-chlo  ri- 
dum,  Florea  martia'lea  seu  aalia  ammnni'aci  mar- 
tia'/ea,  Ena  ynartia  seu  Ven'eria  Boy'lei,  Sal 
mnrtia  murint' icum  anblimn'tnm,  S.  ammoni'ncum 
martia'le,    Ammo'nium    muriat'icum    martia  tuin 


FERRUM 


387 


FEVER 


pen  mnrlin'le,  Ammoni' nr.um  hi/rlrochlora'lum  fcr- 
rn'tiiin,  Aroph  Paracel'ai,  Calen'ditlcB  miiiera'lea, 
A  III ino' mated  Iron,  Ammo'nio-chloride  v/  Iron, 
(F.)  Muriate  d'ammoninque  et  defer.  A  mixture 
of  the  hydro-chlorates  of  ammonia  and  iron.  [?] 
{Ferri  Subearb.  ^^iij  ;  acid  miiriat.  f.^x;  amnion, 
miirlat.  ftijss;  aq.  dentillat.  Oiv.  Mix  the  sub- 
r;krl>onate  with  the  acid  in  a  glass  vessel  and 
di'^est  for  two  hours;  then  add  the  muriate  pre- 
viously dissolved  in  distilled  water,  and  having 
filtered  the  liquor,  evaporate  to  dryness.  Rub  to 
powder. — Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  gr.  iij.  to  gr.  xr. 

FuttKtiM  AitSKNiATUM,  Arscniate  of  iron — f. 
Arsenicicum  oxydulatura,  Arscniate  of  iron  —  f. 
I5orussicura,  Prussian  blue  —  f.  Bromatum,  see 
Bromine  —  f.  Carbonicum  Saccharatum,  Ferri 
protocarbonas — •  f .  et  Chininum  citricum,  Ferri 
citras  —  f.  Citricum,  Ferri  citras  —  f.  Cyanogena- 
tuin,  Prussian  blue — f.  Haematites,  Haematites — 
f.  Hydriodatum,  see  Ferri  iodidum — f.  Hydro- 
bromicum  oxydatura,  see  Bromine — f.  Laeticum, 
Bce  Ferri  lactas — f.  Magnes  attractorium.  Magnet 
— f.  Mctallicum,  Ferri  pulvis. 

FKiinuAf  Oxyda'tum  Hydra'tum,  Ferri  0.ri- 
ditin  Hijdra'tum  (Ph.  U.  S.)  seu  Perox'ydiim  Hy- 
drn'tiim,  Ferrii'go,  Hydras  Fer'ricits,  Hydro-oxide 
of  Iron,  Hydra'ted  peroxide  of  Iron,  Ilydnited 
Tritoxide  of  Iron.  It  may  be  prepared  ))y  taking 
a  solution  of  sulphate  of  iron,  increa.sing  its  dose 
of  oxygen  by  heating  it  with  nitric  arid,  an(i  pre- 
cipitating the  oxi<le  by  adding  pure  ammonia  in 
excess,  washing  the  precipitate,  and  keeping  it 
moist. 

The  following  is  the  formula  adopted  by  the 
Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States:  Ferri  Sulph. 
j^iv:  acid,  unlphiiric.  f^^iiiss;  acid,  nitric,  f  f^v\, 
vel  q.  s.,  Liq  ammonia;  q.  s.,  aqncB  Oij.  Dissolve 
the  sulphate  of  iron  in  the  water,  and  having 
(iilded  the  sulphuric  acid  boil  the  solution  :  then 
add  the  nitric  acid  in  small  portions,  boiling  the 
liquid  for  a  minute  or  two  after  each  addition, 
until  the  acid  ceases  to  produce  a  dark  colour. 
Filter  the  liquid,  allow  it  to  cool,  and  add  the 
liquor  ammonia)  in  excess,  stirring  the  mixture 
briskly;  wash  the  precipitiite  with  water,  until 
the  washings  cease  to  yield  a  precipitate  with 
chloride  of  barium,  and  keep  it  close  in  bottles 
with  water  sulBcient  to  cover  it. 

It  hiis  been  brought  forward  as  an  antidote  to 
arsenic  ;  and  many  cases  of  its  efficacy  have  been 
published. 

From    10  to    20  parts    of  the  hydrated  oxide 

Would  seem  to  be  more  than  sufficient  to  convert 

1  pnrtof  arsenious  acid  into  the  basic  salt  of  iron. 

Fkrtium  OxYDULATUsr  Hydrocyamcum.  Prus- 

si.in  blue — f.  Potabile,  F.  tartarizatum — f.  Praeci- 

pitatum,  Ferri  subcarbonas. 

Fkhrum  TANNicu>f,  Ferri  tannas. 

Fkrruh  Tartariza'titm,    Tartran  Potan'ii(B  et 

Ffrri,  Tar'tariim  Ferri,  Ferri  et  Potasscp.  Tartran, 

(I'h.  U.  S.)  Titr'tarnn  chalyhea'tun  seu  martia'lis, 

Miim  solu'biliH,    Chalyba  tartariza'tun,  Ferri  po- 

tdKs'io-tartras,  Tnrtras  kal'ico-fer'ricns  sen   Po- 

tan'iKB    fcrrngino'Kiis,    Ferrttm    potab'ile,    Globus 

iiirirlin'lin.  (ilob'uli   Tar'tnri  martia'le.s  seu  mar- 

Iki'Iph  mdn'ti  seu  mnrtin'ti  seu   tartra'tin  ferri  et 

iixiv'kp,  Boli  J/(ifr/i'«,  Pyri  niartia'les.  Tartarized 

Iron,  Tartrate  of  Potansa  and  Iron,  (F.)  Tartrate 

de  pntame  et  defer,  Boule  de   Mam  ou  de  Nancy 

on  de  }fidihe!m  ou  d' Acier.     (Ferri  subearb.  5 iij, 

-1'"/.     ninriat.     f'x;     Liquor     PotasscF,     Ovss  ; 

Potass.  Ritart.  _^vijss.  Aqua!  desti/lat.   cong.  iss. 

^fix  the  subcarbonate  of  iron  and  the  muriatic 

acid,  and  digest  for  two  hours;  pour  the  solution  \\ 

into  a  gallon  of  the  distilled  water;  set  aside  for  I 

nn    hour,   and   pour   off    the   supernatant  liquor,  j 

To  th's  add  the  liquor  potassic  ;  wash  the  precij)!-  |l 

tate  formed  frequently  with  water,  and  wliile  yet  ll 

Woist,  mix  it  with  the  bitartrate  of  potassa  and  |! 


half  a  gallon  of  the  distilled  water.  Keep  the 
mixture  at  the  temperature  of  140"^  for  30  hours, 
frequently  stirring;  filter  the  solution,  and  evapo- 
rate by  means  of  a  water  bath,  at  the  same  tem- 
perature, to  dryness.— (Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  one  of 
the  mildest  of  the  salts  of  iron,  and  not  unpala- 
table.    Dose,  gr.  x.  to  l^ss- 

The  Tinctn'ra  Martis  Aperiti'va,  Tincture  of 
Lndwiq  ;  Al'cohol  cum  Snlpha'te  Ferri  tartarisa'- 
tus ;  Tinctura  Martis  Glauberi  is,  essentially,  a 
solution  of  this  salt.  It  is  also  called  Eau  de 
Boule,  and  is  used  in  contusions. 

Ilelvetius's  Styptic  was  composed  of  ihe  filings 
of  iron,  and  tartar,  mixed  to  a  proper  consistence 
with  French  brandy.  It  was  called  in  England 
Eaton's  Styptic;  but  this  is  now  formed  of  »S'ii^- 
p>hate  of  Iron. 

Fkurum  Valerianicum,  Ferri  valerianas  —  f. 
Vitriolatum,  Ferri  sulphas — f.  Vitriolatum  ustum, 
Coleothar — f.  Zootieum,  Prussian  blue. 
FKRSJ5,  Rubeola. 
FERTILITY,  Fecundity. 

FER'ULA,  Fanon,  PaU'tte.  Splint— f.  Afrieana, 
Bubon  galbanum — f.  Asafoetida.  see  Asiifcetida — 
f.  Graveolens,  Anethum  graveolens  —  f.  Opopo- 
nax,  Pastiuaca  opoponax  —  f.  Persica,  see  Saga- 
penuin — f.  Tinsitana,  see  Ammoniac;  gum. 
FERUS,  Homicidal. 
FESISIAN,  Physician. 
FESSES,  Nates. 

FESSIRR,  Gluteal—/.  Grand,  Gluteus  maxi- 
mus — /.  .Moyen,  Glutaeus  medius — /".  Petit,  Glu- 
taeus  minimus. 

FEiSTER.  A  word  of  unknown  etymology, 
which  signifies  to  corrupt  or  rankle;  and,  wlien 
applied  to  a  sore,  means  to  suppurate,  or  rather 
to  discharge  a  thin  fluid  as  an  evidence  of  its 
being  irritated. 

FETID,  Fop'tidns,  Dyso'des,  Caco'des,  Bromo'- 
sus,  Grav'eoleiis.  Having  a  bad  smell. 
FETUS,  Foetus,  Pregnant. 
FEU  ACTUEL.  Cauterium— /.  Persiyue,  Her- 
pes zoster,  see  Anthrax—/.  Potential,  see  Caute- 
rium—/. Sacre,  Erysipelas—/.  St.  Antoine,  Ery- 
sipelas—/. Sanvaye,  Ignis  sylvaticus — /.  Volage, 
Ignis  sylvaticus. 

FEUILLET,  Omasum;  see  Tache  emhryon- 
naire. 

FEUX  DE  DENTS,  Strophulus—/.  Yolages, 
Porrigo  larvalis. 

FEVE,  Vicia  iaha.—f.  de  Carthagene.  Habilla 
de  Carthagena — /.  d  Cochon,  Hyoscyamus — /• 
Epaisse,  Sedum  telephium — /.  des  Marais,  Vicia 
faba — /.  de  Sainte  Ignace,  Ignatia  amara — /. 
Pui-f/atif,  Ricinus  communis. 

FEVER,  Febris,  from  feritas,  'wildness,'  or 
from  ferror,  '  heat,'  or  from  fvbriio,  '  I  purify  :' 
Pyr,  Pyr'etos,  Trvperot:,  (F.)  Flevre.  One  of  the 
most  frequent  and  dangerous  affections  to  which 
the  body  is  liable.  A  person  has  an  attack  of 
fever,  when  he  is  affeeted  with  rigors,  followed  by 
increased  heat  of  skin,  quick  pulse,  languor,  and 
lassitude.  Rigors,  increased  heat,  and  frequency 
of  pulse  have  each  been  assumed  as  the  essential 
character  of  fever.  It  is  not  characterized,  how- 
ever, by  any  one,  but  depends  upon  the  coexist- 
ence of  many  symptoms.  Fevers  have  been  usu- 
ally divided  into  idiopathic  or  essential,  and  into 
symptomatic.  The  idiopathic  arise  without  any 
obvious  local  cause.  The  symptomatic  are  de- 
pendent upon  local  irritation.  Idiopathic  fevers 
maj'  be  divided  into  three  classes:  1.  Those  at- 
tended with  distinct  paroxysms:  —  intermittents. 
2.  Remittent  and  continued  fevers  :  and,  .3.  Fevers 
complicated  with  eruptions,  or  the  exanthema- 
tous.  These  divisions  admit  of  great  variety, 
owing  to  climate,  season,  soil,  age,  &c.  All  ages 
and  climates  are  liable  to  fever;  and  its  exciting 


FEVER 


388 


FEVER 


onuses  are  very  numerous.  The?e  onuses  may  be 
common  ;  as  irritations  in  the  intestines;  external 
injuries,  stimulants,  .fee.;  or  they  may  be  ipeci'Jic  ; 
AS  miasmata,  contagion,  &e.  The  greatest  diver- 
sity has  prevailed  regarding  the  theory  of  fever. 
Its  primary  seat  has  been  placed  in  the  brain, 
mucous  memlirane  of  the  stomach  and  intestines, 
skin,  nerves,  blood-vessels,  liver,  vena  cava,  pan- 
creas. &o.  It  would  seem,  however,  that  al- 
though, in  fever,  the  whole  of  the  functions  are 
morbidly  impressed,  the  arguments  in  favour  of 
the  impression  being  first  made  on  the  nervous 
system  and  the  system  of  nutrition  are  the 
strongest.  The  exciting  cause  of  fever,  whatever 
it  may  be,  produces  an  irregular  action  in  the 
system  of  nutrition,  which  is  soon  conveyed  to  the 
rest  of  the  system,  owing  to  the  extensive  sym- 
pathy which  exists  between  every  part  of  the 
body  ;  and  it  is  probable,  that  all  those  local  in- 
flammations and  congestions  are  the  consequence, 
rather  than  the  cause,  of  this  disordered  condi- 
tion of  the  system.  The  general  character  of 
fever  is  clearly  shown  by  examination  of  the 
blood.  When  fever  is  devoid  of  inflammatory 
complication,  the  quantity  of  fibrin  is  in  no  case 
augmented.  It  frequently  remains  in  the  healthy 
proportion,  and  at  times  diminishes  to  an  extent 
not  met  with  in  any  other  acute  disease.  The 
alteration  of  the  blood  in  fevers,  which  consists 
generally  in  a  diminution  of  the  fibrinous  element, 
is  the  reverse  of  what  occurs  in  inflammation. 

Many  phenomena  of  fever  are  influenced  by 
that  pen'oi/iciti/,  wliich  we  notice  in  the  execution 
of  several  of  the  functions  of  the  body.  The 
types  of  intermittents  are  strong  evidences  of 
such  an  influence. 

In  tlie  treatment  of  fever,  it  is  important  to  bear 
in  mind,  1.  Its  tendency,  particularly  in  the  case 
of  the  exanthemata,  to  run  a  definite  course,  and 
terminate  in  restoration  to  health.  2.  The  dispo- 
sition to  local  determination  or  hyperaemiae  :  — 
the  most  frequent  cause  of  the  fatal  termination 
of  fever;  a  circumstance  requiring  the  vigilant 
nttention  of  the  physician.  3.  That  the  symp- 
toms must  be  attentively  studied,  in  order  to  de- 
duce, as  far  as  possible  from  them,  the  indications 
of  cure.  Lastly,  attention  must  be  paid  to  the 
prevalent  epidemic.  There  are  particular  seasons 
in  which  fevers  are  very  malignant;  and  others 
in  which  they  are  as  mild  ;  circumstances  which 
necessarily  have  an  effect  upon  the  treatment. 

Fevek  and  Ague,  Intermittent  Fever  —  f.  Ac- 
climating, F.  strangers.' 

Fevkr,  Ade'no-Meningr'al,  Fehris  ade'ito- 
menimje'a  seu  mesenter'ica  (Baglivi,  )seu  inuco'sa, 
MorhuK  mnco'sns,  Gastro-diindenop'i/ra,  Mucous 
or  Pitu'ltous  or  Catar'rhal  Fever,  PJilegmap'yra, 
Phler/mop'i/ra,  Phlegmntop'yra,  Gastro-Bronchi'- 
tis.  Fever,  accompanied  with  considerable  mu- 
cous secretion ;  especially  from  the  digestive 
tube. 

Fever,  Adeno-Nervous,  Plague. 

Fever,  AnvNAHi'ic,  Fehris  adynnm'icn,  Asihe- 
i}icnp't/ra,  Astkenicopi/r'efiis,  Asthenop'ora,  Asthe- 
iiopyr'etiin.  Fever  attended  with  great  prostra- 
tion of  the  vital  powers — as  Typhoid  and  Typhus 
fever. 

Fever,  Af'rican,  Fehris  Africa'nn.  The  ma- 
lignant bilious  remittent  fever,  which  prevails  on 
the  western  coast  of  Africa, 

Fever,  Algid,  see  Algidus. 

Fever,  Axom'alous,  Fehris  Anom'nla  seu  er- 
rat'icn  seu  irregnla'ris  seu  vnga.  A  fever,  whose 
progress  and  type  are  irregular. 

Fever,  Aphon'ic,  Fehris  apho'nien.  A  variety 
of  intermittent,  in  which  the  voice  is  lost  during 
the  paroxysm. 

Fever,  .^POPT.ec'tic,  Fehris  apnplec'tiea  seu 
comato'des  seu  lelhar'gica  seu  sojjoro'ea,  Com'a- 


tose  Fever.  An  intermittent  or  continued  fevcn 
attended  with  apoplectic  symptoms. 

Fever,  Artncui.AR  Eruptive,  Dengue — f.  Ar- 
ticular  rheumatic,  Dengue. 

Fever,  Artific"iai.,  Fehris  artijicia'lis  seu 
arte  promo'ta.  Fever  produced  designedly  by 
the  internal  or  external  use  of  stimulants. 

Fever,  Astiien'ic,  Fehris  asthen'iea.  Fever 
accompanied  with  debility.  It  may  include  every 
variety  of  fever  under  certain  circumstances,  but 
is  generally  appropriated  to  typhus. 

Fever,  Asthmat'ic,  Fehris  asthmnt'lcn.  A 
pernicious  intermittent,  accompanied  with  symp- 
toms of  asthtna. 

Fever,  Ataxo-ADYNAM'ic,  Fehris  atax'o-ady. 
nnm'ica.  Fever  characterized  by  syniptoms  of 
ataxia  and  adynamia. 

Fever,  Barcelona,  Fever,  yellow  —  f.  Bas- 
tard, Illegitimate  fever. 

Fever,  Bil'ious,  Fehris  hilio'sa  seu  pnlychol'. 
icn  sou  aso'des  seu  choler'ica  seu  gas'trica  seu 
hepnt'ica  seu  cholepyret'ien,  Cholep'yra,  Clio. 
l/pyr'etKS,  Hepotngnxtroeholo'sis,  Enterop'yrii 
hilio'sa,  Choloze'mifi  fehri'lis,  Syn'ochtis  hilio'nii. 
The  common  remittent  fever  of  summer  and 
autumn  ;  generally  supposed  to  be  owing  to,  or 
connected  with,  derangement  of  the  biliary  system. 

Fever,  Bilious  Remitting,  Yellow,  Fever, 
yellow — f.  Bladdery,  Pemphigus. 

Fevei{  Blister.  A  term,  vaguely  applied  to 
vesicular  or  pustular  eruptions,  which  appear 
particularly  about  the  mouth,  during  or  after 
febrile  disturbance. 

Fever,  Boa  Vista.  A  malignant  bilious  re- 
mittent fever,  greatly  resembling  yellow  fever, 
which  was  very  fatal  at  Fernando  Po,  and  in 
ships  in  its  waters,  in  the  year  184.5. 

Fever,  Bona.  A  malignant  paludal  fever, 
which  prevailed  amongst  the  troops  of  the  garri- 
son at  Bona  in  Algeria,  from  18.S2  to  18.35. 

Fever,  Bone,  see  Inflammation —  f.  Bouquet, 
Dengue  —  f.  Brain,  F.  cerebral,  Phrenitis  —  f. 
Brain,  water,  Hj'droccphalus  internus- — f.  Break- 
bone,  Dengue  —  f.  Bucket,  Dengue  —  f.  Bulam, 
Fever,  yellow — f.  Camp,  Typhus  gravior. 

Fever,  Cardial'gic,  Fehris  Ciirdiiil'gir.a,  A 
variety  of  pernicious  intermittent,  accon)panied 
with  violent  cardialgia  during  the  paroxysm. 

Fever,  Cardit'ic.  Intermittent  fever,  accom- 
panied with  pain  at  the  heart. 

Fever,  Catarrhal,  F.  adeno-meningeal. 

Fever,  Cephalal'gic,  Fehris  cepliolcd'gien. 
A  pernicious  intermittent,  accompanied  with  in- 
tense pain  of  the  head.  Also,  intermittent  ce- 
phalalgia. 

Fever,  Cephae'ic,  Fehris  cephrd'icn.  A  fe- 
brile afi'ection  of  children  —  intermediate  between 
the  acute  form  of  active  cerebral  conge.'tion  and 
the  chronic  form  —  which  is  attended  by  fever, 
pain  in  the  head,  disorder,  or  more  generally 
constipation  of  the  bowels,  and  a  train  of  pheno- 
mena often  supposed  to  be  premonitory  of  an  at- 
tack of  hydrocephalus. — Mauthner. 

Fever,  Cer'ebral,  Brain  fever.  Fever,  gene- 
rally of  an  ataxic  character,  in  which  the  brain  is 
considerably  afl'ected. 

Fever,  Chagres,  Panama'  Fever.  A  severe 
form  of  endemic  fever,  common  on  the  isthmus 
of  Panama. 

Fever,  Childbed,  Fever,  puerperal,  Puerperal 
Fever  —  f.  Childbed,  Low,  see  Peritonitis. 

Fever,  Chol'eric,  Fehris  choler'ica,  A  va- 
riety of  pernicious  intermittent,  accompanied  with 
symptoms  of  cholera  morbus. 

Fever,  Choleric,  op  Infant.s,  Cholera  in- 
fantum. 

Fever,  Chronic,  Fehris  chron'icn.  Some  au- 
thors apply  this  name  to  protracted  fevers;  others 
to  hectic  fever. 


FEVER 


389 


FEVER 


Frver,  Colliq'uativr,  Fehrin  tdh'ida  seu  colli- 
niiiiii'vd.  Fever,  characterized  by  rapid  ema- 
cinUun,  copious  evacuations,  and  rapid  prostra- 
tiiin  of  strength. 

Fkver,  Comatose,  F.  apoplectic. 

Fevkh,  Conoks'tive,  Febris  coiit/esti'va.  Fe- 
ver accompanied  by  obscure  symptoms  ;  or  by 
preat  oppression  and  depression  ;  in  which  it  is 
difficult  —  and  often  impossible  —  to  induce  reac- 
tion. Congestive  fevers  occurs  in  various  parts 
of  this  country,  especially  in  the  fall ;  and  they 
nre  very  common  in  India.  The  term  congestive 
fever  is  often  used  in  some  parts  of  the  south  of 
the  United  States  very  indefinitely  —  to  include 
winter  typhus,  and  typhoid  fevers,  typhoid  pneu- 
monia, ae  well  as  intermittents  and  autumnal  re- 
mittents.— Dickson. 

Fkvkr,  Continent,  see  Continent  and  Con- 
tinued fever  —  f.  Continual,  see  Continued  fever 
—  f.  Continued,  common,  Synochus. 

Fevkh,  Convul'sive,  Febris  convulsi'va.  A 
pernicious  intermitteut  or  remittent,  accompanied 
by  convulsions. 

Fevkii,  Countrv.  Fever  occasioned  by  ex- 
posure to  the  miasms  of  a  highly  malarious  soil. 
A  term  much  used  in  the  Soutliern  States. 

Fever,  Deur'ious,  Febris  cum  dellr'io,  (F.) 
Fievre  tUlirautc.  A  pernicious  intermittent,  cha- 
racterized by  delirium  in  the  paroxysms. 

Fever,  Dei>'ukatorv,  Febris  depuralo'rin. 
A  fever,  to  which  was  attributed  the  property  of 
jnirifying  the  blood:  or  which  indicated,  that 
such  a  supposed  depuration  had  occurred. 

Fever,  Diaphoret'ic,  Febris  dinphoret'ica, 
Fehris  sudiito'ria.  A  pernicious  intermittent, 
with  excessive  sweating  during  the  fit. 

Fever,  Diarv,  Ei)hemera. 

Fever,  Dioes'tivr.  The  chilliness,  followed 
by  increased  heat  and  quickness  of  pulse,  which 
frequently  accompanies  digestion. 

Fever,  Double,  (F.)  Fievre  double  ou  doublee. 
An  intermittent,  which  has  two  paroxysms  in  a 
given  time,  instead  of  one. 

Fever,  Double-Quartan.  A  fever,  whose 
paroxysms  occur  two  days  in  succession,  and  fail 
llie  third  day;  the  first  paroxysm  resembling  the 
•1th,  and  the  second  the  5th. 

Fever,  Double-Quotidian.  An  intermittent, 
whoso  paroxysms  return  twice  every  day  at  cor- 
responding hours. 

Fever,  Double-Tertian.  An  intermittent, 
whose  paroxysms  return  every  day ;  the  first 
corresponding  with  the  3d,  the  second  with  the 
4th.  and  so  on. 

Fever,  Duoi)EC"imane,  Febris  duodecimn'na. 
A  supposititious  intermittent,  whose  paroxysms 
recur  on  the  12th  day,  or  every  11  days. 

Fever,  Dvnamic,  Synocha — f.  Enderaial,  Re- 
mittent F.  —  f.  Endemic,  Remittent  F. — f.  En- 
demieal,  Remittent  F. — f.  Enteric,  see  Typhus — 
f.  Ephemeral,  Ephemera. 

Fever,  Ecilep'tic,  Febris  epilej)'ticn.  A  va- 
riety of  pernicious  intermittent,  accompanied 
with  attacks  of  epilepsy. 

Fever,  Erot'ic,  Febris  erot'icn,  (P.)  Filvre 
d'luiioiir.  A  chronic  fever,  occasioned  by  unpro- 
pitious  love. 

Fever,  Errat'ic,  see  Erratic  —  f.  Eruptive, 
Exanthemntica  —  f.  Eruptive,  articular,  Dengue 
— f.  Exacerbating,  Remittent  Fever. 

Fever,  Fainting,  or  Persia.  A  singular  and 
fatal  epidemic,  presenting  some  points  of  analogy 
with  cholera,  which  prevailed  at  Teheran  in  the 
autumn  of  1S42. 
Fever,  Five  Day,  see  Relapse. 
,Fever,  (jAN'grenous,  Febris  gangroiuo'des. 
Fever,  accompanied  by  gangrene  of  various  parts, 
and  especially  of  the  limbs  and  genitals.  Scnac 
describes  an  iutermittent  of  this  kind. 


Fever,  Gastral'gic.  An  intermittent  accom- 
panied with  acute  burning  lacerating  pain  at  the 
stomach. 

Feveu,  Gastric,  Febris  gas'trira  seu  gna'- 
trica  hilio'sa,  Gastrop' yra ,  Gastropyr'etiis,  Gaa- 
trocholn'sis,  Hepntognstrocholo' sis,  Stomneh'ic  fe- 
ver, Si/n'ochiis  Biliu'sa.  A  name  given  by  some 
to  bilious  fever,  which  has  appeared  to  them  to 
be  dependent  on  an  affection  of  the  stomach. 
Also,  called  Menin' go-gastric  fever,  Febris  me- 
iiiiigo-gas'trica,  Meiiiiigo-gastri'tis,  Gastro-nie- 
tiinyi'tis,  Harvest  fever,  (F.)  Fievre  de  la  Jluis- 
sou,  F.  3feiiingo-gastrique, 

Fever,  GASTito-ADYNASi'ic,  Febris  gastro- 
adynnm'ica.  A  fever,  in  which  the  .symptoms 
of  bilious  fever  are  joined  with  those  of  adynamic 
fever. 

Fever,  Gastro-Angiotrn'ic.  A  fever,  in 
which  the  symptoms  of  bilious  are  united  with, 
those  of  inflammatory  fever. 

Fever,  Gastro-Atax'ic.  A  fever,  in  which 
the  symptoms  of  bilious  fever  are  united  with 
those  of  ataxic  fever. 

Fever,  Gibraltar,  Fever,  yellow — f.  Harvest, 
F.  Gastric — f.  Ilamagastric,  F.  yellow. 

Fever,  ILemop'toic,  Febris  Hcemoptn'icn.  A 
variety  of  masked  intermittent,  in  which  periodi- 
cal ha3moptysis  is  the  chief  symptom. 

Fever,  IIav,  Cutnrr'hus  asfi'viis.  Summer  Ca- 
tarrh, Hmj  Asthma,  Hose  Catarrh,  Summer  Bron- 
chi'tis.  A  catarrh  to  which  certain  persons  are 
subject  in  summer,  and  which  has  been  ascribed 
in  England  to  the  efiluvium  of  hay,  but  this  is 
not  the  probable  cause.  It  is  a  catarrh  with 
sneezing,  headach,  weeping,  snuftling  and  cough, 
with,  at  times,  fever  and  general  discomfort.  It 
is  not  uncommon  in  this  country.  It  disappears 
spontaneously,  —  to  recur  on  subsequent  years 
about  the  same  period. 

Fever,  Hebdom'apal.  A  supposititious  fever, 
whose  paroxysms  return  weekly,  and  on  the  same 
day. 

Fever,  Hectic,  see  Consumption,  and  Hectic 
Fever. 

Fever,  Hepat'ic  or  Hepatal'gic.  A  perni- 
cious intermittent,  with  violent  pain  in  the  right 
hypochondrium. 

Fever,  Hill.  A  modification  of  remittent, 
occurring  in  the  hilly  districts  of  India. 

Fever,  Hospital,  Typhus  gravior. 

Fever,  Hu'moral,  Febris  humora'lis.  Fever 
in  which  an  alteration  or  deterioration  of  the  hu- 
mours is  suspected. 

Fever,  Hun'gARV,  Febris  ffungar'icasen  Pan- 
iloii'ica,  Lues  Piiuuo'uicB,  Morbus  Uiigar'icits, 
Cephalon'osus,  Vermis  cer'ebri,  (F.)  Fievre  Hon- 
groise  ou  de  Hongrie.  An  epidemic  typhus,  com- 
mon amongst  the  soldiers  in  barracks,  in  Hungary. 

Feveu,  Hydrophob'ic,  Febris  hi/drophob'ica. 
Pernicious  intermittent,  with  dread  of  li(iui<is. 

Fever,  Hyster'ic,  Febris  hi/yfer'ica.  Hyste- 
ria, accompanied  by  fever.  Hysteria,  occurring 
with  each  paroyxsm  of  an  intermittent. 

Fever,  Icter'ic,  Febris  icter'ica.  Fever,  ac- 
companied with  jaundice.  Some  intermittents 
exhibit  this  complication  at  each  paroxysm. 

Fever,  Icteric,  Remitting,  see  Relapse. 

Fever,  I.n'fantile  Remit'tent,  Febris  infnii'- 
turn  remit'lens,  F.  vermino'sa,  (of  many),  F.  muco'- 
sa  iwrmitio'sa,  F.  lenta.  Spurious  worm  ferer,  Re- 
mitting  fever  of  children,  Hec'tiea  iufaut'ilis.  A 
fever  occurring  in  childhood,  which  often  assumes 
many  of  the  characters  of  hydrocephalus.  It  ap- 
pears generally  to  be  dependent  upon  a  morbid 
condition  of  the  stomach  and  bowels. 

Fever,  Inflamsiatorv,  Synocha. 

Fever,  Ixsid'ious.  Fever,  which,  at  first, 
seems  devoid  of  danger,  but  subsequently  becomes 
of  a  more  or  less  malignant  character. 


FEVER 


390 


FEVER 


Frver,  Interjiittent,  see  Intermittent  fever  || 
• — f.  Jail,  Typhus  gravior  —  f.  Jungle,  see  Jungle 
fever. 

Fever,  Lake.  Fever  produced  by  exposure 
to  the  uiiihiria  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the 
northern  lakes  of  this  country. 

Fever,  Lenticular,  Miliary  fever  —  f.  Irrita- 
tive, Irritation,  morbid. 

Fever,  Lo'chial.  Fehria  lochia'Us.  That  ac- 
celeration of  the  circulation  which  sometimes 
occurs  during  the  discharge  of  the  lochia. 
Fevek,  Lung,  Catarrh,  Pneumonia. 
Fever,  Malig'xant,  Febrin  mtdiij'na.  Fever 
•whicii  makes  its  approaches  insidiously,  and  sub- 
sequently becomes  formidable.  Any  fever  which 
exhibits  a  very  dangerous  aspect.  Typhus  gra- 
vior. 

Fever,  Malig'nant  Pestilential,  Fever,  yel- 
low—f.  Marsh,  Elodes  (febris.) 

Fever,  Masked,  Fehris  larva'ta,  (F.)  Fievre 
lari-ee,  Bead  or  Dumb  Ague.  An  anomalous  in- 
termittent, the  paroxysms  of  which  have  not  the 
regular  stages,  or  are  mnaued. 

Fever,  Meningo-gasthk;,  Fever  gastric. 
Fever,  Mesextek'ic,  Fehris  meseiiler'ica.     A 
name  given,  by  Baglivi,  to  a  species  of  fever  which 
appears  to  have  belonged  either  to  the  nntcous  or 
bilious. 

Fever,  Milk,  Febris  lac' tea,  (F.)  Fievre  de 
lait  ou  laiteuse  ou  laclee  ;  G alactop' y ra ,  Galac- 
topyr'etiis.  The  fever  which  precedes  or  accom- 
panies the  secretion  of  milk  in  women  recently 
delivered.  It  comes  on  generally  about  the  third 
day  after  delivery,  and  is  characterized  by  quick 
jiulse;  increased  heat:  redness  of  face;  diminu- 
tion or  temporary  suspension  of  the  lochial  dis- 
charge ;  tumefaction  and  tension  of  the  breasts. 
It  commonly  terminates  in  twenty-four  hours, 
.  and  often  with  profuse  perspiration.  It  requires 
the  use  of  antiphlogistics,  with  dry  diet. 

Fever,  Mixed,  Synochus — f.  Mucous,  F.  ade- 
no-meningeal. 

Fever,  Nephrit'ic,  Febris  nephrit'ica.  Inter- 
mittent fever,  accompanied  with  nephritic  pain 
during  the  paroxysm. 

Fever,  Nervous,  Febris  nervo'sa  seu  neuro'- 
des  seu  leiita  nervo'so,  Neurop'yra,  JVeuroj)i/r'- 
etus.  A  variety  of  Typhus;  the  Typhus  mitior 
of  Cullen.  By  many,  however,  it  is  esteemed  a 
distinct  disease.     See  Typhoid  fever. 

Fever,  Nervous,  with  Exanthematous 
Eruption,  Typhus. 

Fever,  Neuralgic,  Dengue. 
Fever,  Niger.  A  malignant  fever,  of  the 
bilious  remittent  kind,  which  proved  fatal  to 
many  in  the  expeditions  sent  out  by  the  British 
government  to  explore  the  Niger,  in  the  years 
18 i  1-42,  and  previously. 

Fever,  Non'ase,  Febris  nona'na.  A  supposi- 
titious fever,  whose  paroxysms  recur  every  ninth 
day,  or  every  eight  days. 

Fever,  Oc'tane,  Febris  ocfa'iia.  An  intermit- 
tent, whose  paroxysms  recur  every  eighth  day. 

Fever,  Paludal.  Intermittent  —  f.  Panama, 
Fever,  Cluagres — f.  Paroxysmal,  Remittent  fever 
— f.  Periodic,  Intermittent. 

Fever,  Period'ical,  Febris  period'ica.  An 
intermittent  or  remittent  fever. 

Fever,  Per.vic"u)US,  Febris  pernicio'sa.  In- 
termittent fever,  when  attended  with  great  dan- 
ger, and  which  destroys  the  majority  of  those 
afiFected  by  it  in  the  first  four  or  five  paroyxsms; 
sometimes  in  the  very  first. 

Fever,  Pestilen'tial,  Febris  pestileutia'lis. 
The  Flnijue.  Also  a  severe  case  of  typhus.  The 
yellow  fever  and  sweating  sickness  have,  like- 
wise, been  thus  designated. 

Fever,  Pestilential,  of  Cattle,  Murr — f. 
Pituitous,  F.  adeno-meningeal. 


Fever,  Pleitrit'ic.  An  intermittent  or  re- 
mittent, uccompiuiied  with  inflammation  of  the 
pleura. 

Fever,  Pneumon'ic,  Febris  pueumon'ira.  An 
intermittent,  accompanied  with  indamniation  of 
the  lungs.     Also,  pneumonia. 

Fever  Poison,  see  Poison  —  f.  Pseudo,  Lrita- 
tion,  morbid. 

Fever,  V vf.w' pv.v.&.lj,Fehris puerpera'  1  is.Chitd- 
bed  fever,  (F.)  Fievre  puerperale.  This  name' 
has  been  given  to  several  acute  diseases,  su- 
pervening on  delivery.  It  means,  generally,  ii 
malignant  variety  of  peritonitis,  which  runs  its 
course  verj'  rapidly,  and  passes  into  a  typhoid 
condition,  unless  met,  at  the  very  onset,  by  the 
most  active  depleting  measures.  By  llie  gene- 
rality of  ])ractitioners,  it  is  esteemed  to  be  emi- 
nently contagious;  some,  however,  deny  that  it 
is  so.     See  Peritonitis,  and  Puerperal  fever. 

Fever,  Puerperal  Adynamic  or  Malignant, 
see  Peritonitis — f.  Puking,  Milk  sickness. 

Fever,  Fv'rvi.kst,  Febris  purulen'ta.     Fever, 
which  accompanies  suppuration. 
Fever,  Putrid,  Typhus  gravior. 
Fever,  Quintan,  Febris  quiuta'ua.     A  fever, 
whose  paroxysms  return  every  fifth  day.     Ii  is 
seen  rarely,  or  never. 

Fever,  Quotidian,  see  Quotidian — f.  Red 
Tongue,  see  Typhus. 

Fever,  Reg'ular,  Febris  rcrjuhi'ris  seu  cx- 
qnisi'ta.  An  intermittent  whose  paroxysms  fol- 
low a  determinate  type.  It  is  opposed  to  utypic. 
Sometimes  opposed  to  aiionialuus. 
Fever,  Relapsing,  see  Relapse. 
Fever,  Remittent,  see  Remittent  Fever  —  f. 
Remittent,  Bilious,  see  Relapse — f.  Remittent,  in- 
fantile, see  Fever,  infantile  remittent — f  Remit- 
tent of  children,  F.  infantile  remittent — f  Kemit- 
ting  icteric,  see  Relapse — f  Rheumatic,  Rheuma- 
tism, acute— f.  Root,  Triosteum  perfoliatum. 

Fever,  Scorcu'tic,  Febris  scorbu'tica.  The 
febrile  movement,  which  sometimes  accompanies 
scorbutus  or  scurvy. 

Fever,  Seasoning,  F.,  strangers'. 
Fever,  Sec'cndaky.  Afebrile  condition  which 
recurs  in  certain  affections  after  having  ceased; 
such  as  the  secondary  fever,  which  comes  on  at 
the  time  of  the  maturation  of  the  variolous 
pustules,  or  as  the  eruption  of  scarlatina,  &c., 
disappears. 

Fever,  Septan,  Febris  sepia'na.  An  inter- 
mittent, whose  paro.xysms  recur  every  six  days, 
and  consequently  on  the  seventh. 
Fever,  Seven  Day,  see  Relapse. 
Fever,  Sextan,  Febris  sexta'na.  A  fever, 
which  recurs  every  five  days,  and  consequently 
on  the  sixth. 

Fever,  Ship,  see  Typhus. 
Fever,  Simple,  Febris  Simpler.  Simple  fever 
is  that  which  has  no  predominant  character  — 
bilious,  inflammatory,  or  nervous;  and  which  is 
unaccompanied  by  any  local  determinati<in,  hy- 
peraemia,  or  complication.  It  maybe  continued, 
remittent,  or  intermittent. 

Fever,  Simple  Continued.  This  is  the  most 
favourable  form  of  continued  fever,  and  has  a 
tendency  to  wear  itself  out,  provided  only  the 
Icedeiitia  be  avoided.  The  prognosis  is  conse- 
quently favourable,  and  the  treatment  simple; 
consisting  in  perfect  repose  of  body  and  mind, 
abstinence,  and  relieving  the  thirst  ,by  cold 
drinks. 

Fever,  Singfl'tous,  Febris  sitttiulto'sn  sea 
lygmo'des  seu  lyngo'des.  Fever,  accompanied 
with  singultus  or  hiccough. 

Fever,  Solar,  Dengue  —  f.  Spotted,  Typhus 
gravior. 

Fever,  Ster'coral,  Febris  stercora'lis.   Fever, 


FEVER 


3  01 


FIBRES,    CONVERGING 


pniilnceil  by  an  accumulation  of  faeces  in  the  in- 
testines. 

Fkvkh,  Stomachic,  Gastric  Fever. 
FeVKK,  StrANOEIIS',  AkcW mating  or  Sen'soniitg 
/Vi'cr.     Yellow,  or  remittent  fever,  which  is  en- 
demic in  certsiin  places,  and  to  which  strangers 
are  ospeciiiUy  liable. 

Jmovkr,  Subcontiniial,  Remittent  Fever. 
Fkvku,   Subiji'trant,  Febn's  SKhiii'trniin.     An 
intermittent,  in  which  one  paroxysm  is  scarcely 
finished  before  the  other  begins. 

Fbver,  Sun,  Dengue — f.  Sweating,  Sudor  An- 
glieu.s. 

Fkver,  Syn'oopAL,  Fehr{9  syncopn'liH  seu  mi- 
nn'ta,  (F.)  Fihu-e  si/iiropn/e.  A  variety  of  per- 
nicious intermittent,  in  which  there  is,  in  every 
paroxysm,  one  or  more  faintings. 
Fkvku,  Svnochoii),  Synochus. 
Fevek,  SypiiiLiT'ic,  Febn's  ni/pJiih't'icn.  Fever, 
accompanying  syphilis,  or  supposed  to  be  owing 
to  a  syphilitic  taint. 

FloVKlt,  Teh'tiaN,  Febris  tertin'na.  A  fever, 
whose  paroxysm  returns  on  the  third  day,  and 
consequently  everv  two  days. 
Fevei!,  TmuD  Day,  Tertian. 
Fever,  TftAG"ic,  Febn'a  Ti-ng"lea.  A  low 
fever,  ill  which  the  patient  declaims  like  an  actor 
during  the  delirium. 

Fever,  Thacmat'ic,  Febris  traitnint'icn.  The 
fever,  which  supervenes  on  wounds  or  great  sur- 
gical opcriitions. 

Fever,  Trembling,  Intermittent  fever — f.  Ty- 
phoid, see  Typhus — f.  Tyyihoid,  of  India,  Cholera 
— f.  Typhous,  Typhus- — ^  f.  Variccllar,  see  Vario- 
loid— f.  Varioloid,  see  Varioloid. 

Fever,  Ver'minoiis,  Febris  vermino'sn,  Ilel- 
winthop'ijru,  Worm  feuer.  Fever,  produced  by 
the  presence  of  worms  in  the  digestive  tube,  or 
accompanied  by  their  expulsion. 

Fever,  Vernal,  Febris  venia'lis.  An  inter- 
mittent or  other  fever  occurring  in  the  spring. 
Vernal  intermittents  were  formerly  considered 
salubrious. 

"An  ague  in  the  spring 
Is  physic  for  a  king." 

Fever,  Vesicular,  Pemphigus. 

Fever,  Wal'ciieren,  Gail-sickness.  The  re- 
mittents and  intermittents  to  which  the  British 
troops  were  exposed,  who  were  attached  to  the 
expedition  to  Walcheren,  in  1809. 

Fever,  Water  Brain,  Hydrocephalus  inter- 
ims—  f.  Winter,  see  Tongue,  black — f.  Worm, 
Verminous  F.  —  f.  Worm,  spurious,  Fever,  infan- 
tile remittent. 

Fever,  Yellow,  Febris  flava,  F.  seu  Pestis 
Americn'nn,  F.Jiava  Americano' mm,  F.  trnp'ica, 
F.  contin'na  pn'tridn  ictero'des  Carolinien'sis,  F. 
eiri'iles  ictero'iles,  F.  malii/'mi  bilio'sa  Amer'iccB, 
F.  mnlii/na, jlavn  India;  Occidenta'lis,  F.  to.r'ica, 
Cholii'sis  Amerioa'na,  Ockrntij'phns,  Loiviovholo'- 
sis,  Pestilen'tia  lieemagas'trica,  Pestis  occidenta'- 
lis seu  intertrnp'ica,  Vom'itns  nicjer,  Epan'etus 
mnliij'nns jinviis,  Rcmitt'ens  ictero'des,  TritcEoph'ya 
Ahnrica'na,  Typhus  ictero'des,  Ochrop'yra,  Syn'- 
ochns  ictero'des,  Ende'mial  Caiisus  of  the  West 
Indies,  Causns  irop'icus  endeni'icns,  Bilious  re- 
viiltiiirj  yellow  fever,  Midignant  pestilential  fever, 
Fih:.  ,'■  jnnnc  d'Am^rique,  F.  matelote,  F.  gastro- 
ndi/nawiipte,  F.  de  la  Jiarbade,  F.  de  Sinm,  F. 
Jvteriiptc,  F.  Gastro-hfp<ttiipte,  Typhus  minsnia- 
fiqne  ataxique  putride  jitnne,  T.  jaune,  T.  d'Amc- 
rlque,  Voniito  prieto,  Vomito  negro,  Mai  de  Siam, 
Jlteniagns'tric  Fever  or  Pes'tilence,  Black  vomit, 
Bnlriinjiihral'tarand  Bareelo' na  Fever, — vulg.,  in 
the  West  Indies.  Mnlat'to  Jack  and  Yellow  Jack. 
A  very  acute  and  danyierous  febrile  affection  ;  so 
called,  because  coin|)licated.  in  its  second  stage, 
with  a  jaundiced  appearance,  accompanied  by 
Vomiting  of  black  mutter.    Sauvages,  CuUen,  and 


others  regiird  it  as  a  variety  of  typhus ;  and  Pinci, 
as  a  species  of  gastro-adynamic,  or  bilious  putritl 
fever.  It  occurs,  endemically,  only  within  the  tro- 
pics; but  it  has  been  met  with  epidemically  in  the 
temperate  regions.  Broussais  regards  the  disease 
as  gastro-entcritis,  exasperated  by  atmospheric 
heat;  so  that  it  runs  through  its  stages  witii 
tnuch  greater  rapi<lity  than  the  gastro-cnteritia 
of  our  climates.  The  yellow  colour  of  the  skin, 
according  to  him,  is  owing  to  the  inflammation 
of  the  small  intestine,^and  especially  of  the  duo- 
denum,—  augmenting  the  secretion  of  the  liver, 
and  at  the  same  time  preventing  its  discharge 
into  the  duodenum.  The  pathology  of  this  affec- 
tion, as  well  as  its  origin,  is  still  unsettled.  The 
treatment  must  generally  be  of  the  most  active 
nature  at  the  onset:  consisting  in  bleeding  largely, 
and  exhibiting  mercury,  so  as  to  excite  a  new 
action,  if  possible;  —  the  other  symptoms  being 
combated  according  to  general  principles.  It 
must  vary,  however,  according  to  the  epidemic. 

Fever,  Y'ellow,  Milp,  see  Relapse. 

FEVERBUSII,  Laurus  benzoin,  Prinos. 

FEVER  DROPS,  WARBURG'S,  see  Bebeeru. 

FEVERET,  Febricula, 

FEVERFEW,  Matricaria. 

FEVERFOUILLIE,  Matricaria. 

FE'VERISII,  Fe'verous,  Feb'riens,  Febrico'svs, 
(F.)  Fievreux,  from  febris,  '  fever.'  That  which 
causes  fever  or  is  febrifa'cient  or  febrif'ic;  as 
feverish  food,  feverish  diathesis,  &c.  Also,  the 
state  of  one  labouring  under  fever,  Feversick. 
If  affected  with  intermittent  fever,  he  is  said  to 
be  a'garificd  in  Suffolk,  England. 

FE'VERISHNESS,  Febricita'tio,  Febriculos'. 
ify.  The  state  of  having  fever.  A  slight  febrile 
disorder. 

FEVEROUS,  Feverish. 

FEVERROOT,  Pterospara  andromedea. 

FEVERSICK,  see  Feverish. 

FEVERTREE,  Pinckneya  pubens. 

FEVEKWOOD,  Laurus  benzoin. 

FEVERWORT,  Eupatorium  perfoliatura,  Tri- 
osteuin. 

FEWS,  Sempervivum  tectorum. 

FEY,  Psychorages. 

FEYK,  Fidgets. 

FIBER,  Castor  fiber. 

FIBRA,  Fibre — f.  Aurea,  Coptis  —  f.  Nervea, 
Nerve-fibre — f.  Sanguinis,  Fibrin. 

FIBR^  ARCIFORMES,  see  Arciform. 

FIBRE,  Fibra,  Is,  Ctednn,  Filuni.  An  organic 
filament,  of  a  solid  consistence,  and  more  or  less 
extensible,  which  enters  into  the  composition  of 
every  animal  and  vegetable  texture.  The  simp/e 
or  elementary  fibre  of  the  ancients,  from  a  parti- 
cular assemblage  and  arrangement  of  which  every 
texture  of  the  body  was  conceived  to  be  consti- 
tuted, seems  entirely  ideal.  The  moderns  usually 
admit,  with  Haller  and  Blumenbach,  tliree  ele- 
mentary fibres  or  tissues.  ].  The  cellular  or  lami- 
nated, formed  chieflj'  of  thin  plates,  of  a  whitisli 
colour  and  extensible,  which  seems  to  consist  of 
concrete  gelatin.  2.  The  nerrous,  pnlpy,  or  med'- 
nllary,  formed  of  a  soft  substance,  contained  ill 
a  cellular  sheath,  and  consisting  of  albumen 
united  to  a  fatty  matter.  3.  The  muscular,  com- 
posed of  round  filaments,  of  a  grayish  or  reddish 
colour,  and  formed  of  fibrin.  Chaussierhas  added 
to  these  the  albugineous  fibre,  but  it,  seems  to 
differ  from  the  cellular  fibre  only  in  greater  con- 
densation of  the  molecules.     See  Fibnnis. 

A  very  small  or  ultimate  fibre  is  called  a  Fibril, 
Fibril'la. 

Fibre,  Albitgineous,  see  Albuginea. 

FIBRE  LISSE,  see  Muscular  fibre—/.  Siriec, 
see  Sluscnlar  fibre. 

FIBRES,  CONVERG"ING.  Nervous  fibres, 
whose  oflSce  it  is  to  associate  different  portions 


FIBREUX 


8  92 


FICUS 


They 


of  the  nervous  centres  with  each   other 
form  the  Commissnrea. 

Fibres,  Uivi;i{g"ing.  The  fibres  composing  the 
cnlumns  of  the  medulla  oblongata,  wliich  separate 
in  their  proi^ress  to  the  periphery  of  the  cerebrum 
and  cerebellum. — Gall  and  Spurzheim. 

FiBRKS  OF  Remak.    Fibres  described  by  Remak 
a>!  peculiar  to  the  sympathetic  nerve,  but  which 
Yilentin  considers  to  be  neurilemma,  and  to  con- 
sist of  fihro-cellnlar  bundles. 
FIBREUX,  Fibrous. 
FIBRIL,  see  Fibre. 

FIBRILLA,  Fibril  —  f.  Muscularis,  Muscular 
fibre. 

FI'BRILLAR,  FilrUla'ris.  Relating  or  apper- 
tainin;^  to  fibrils. 

FIBRILLA'TION,  Fibrilla'tio.  The  forma- 
tion of  fibrils. 

FI'BKIN  or  Fib'rin,  Fihrine,  Fibri'na,  Fi- 
hi  i'iie,Fibra  stni'f/iihiis,  Mate.'riajibro'nn,  Li/mpha 
2^!(ts'ticci,  ifutiere  fihreuse  chi  sang.  An  immediate 
Miimal  principle  —  solid,  white,  and  inodorous; 
i.isipid;  heavier  than  water;  without  action  on 
t'lie  vegetable  blues  ;  elastic,  when  moist ;  hard 
and  brittle  when  dry.  It  enters  into  the  conipo- 
s  tion  of  the  chyle  and  the  blood,  and  forms  the 
(hief  part  of  the  muscles  of  red-blooded  animals. 
Muscular  fibrin.  Syntonic,  MnHciiUn,  has  been 
sliown,  however,  to  be  different  from  that  of  the 
hlood.  In  certain  diseased  actions,  Fibrin  or 
('(>((f/i(t(ible  li/mph,  f/liiten,  is  separated  from  the 
Mood,  and  is  found  in  considerable  quantity  on 
the  surfaces  of  membranes,  and  in  the  cavities  of 
the  body.     See  Liquor  Sanguinis. 

Fibrin  is  likewise  a  proximate  principle  of 
■^■egetables,  and  differs  but  little  in  cliemical  com- 
position from  animal  fibrin  ;  nor  does  it  difiFer 
uiueh  from  albumen  and  casein. 
Fibrin  is  very  nutritious. 
FIBRIXA'TFON,  Fibrina'tio.  The  act  of 
adding  fibrin  to  the  blood.  The  opposite  to  defi- 
hriniitlon. 

FIB'RINOUS,  Fibrino'eun,  (F.)  Fibrineux. 
That  which  is  composed  of  fibrin,  or  has  the  ap- 
])earance  of  fibrin. 

FIBRO.  In  composition,  appertaining  or  re- 
lating to  fibrous  tissue. 

FIBRO-AREOLAR,  Fibro-cellular. 
FIBRO-BRONCHITIS.    Fibrous  or  rheumatic 
inflammation  of  the  bronchial  tubes. 

FIBRO-CAR'TILAGE,  Fibro-cartiln'go.  An 
organic  tissue,  partaking  of  the  nature  of  the 
fibrous  tissue,  and  of  that  of  cartilage.  It  is 
dense,  resisting,  elastic,  firm,  supple,  and  flexible. 
Fibro-cartilages  are  distinguished  into. — 1.  3fem- 
ln'iniform,  or  those  which  serve  as  moulds  to  cer- 
tiin  parts,  as  the  alie  nasi  and  eyelids.  2.  Voyi- 
iiiform,  or  those  which  form  sheaths  for  the 
sliding  of  tendons.  .S.  7/iM)-(7;-(i'o»i?«r,  those  which 
lire  met  with  in  the  movable  articulations.  4. 
igniting.  (F.)  Fibro-cai-tiliif/es  d' union,  which  form 
a. junction  between  two  bones,  as  the  symphysis 
pubis.  Fibro-cartilages  are  sometimes  formed 
adventitiously,  as  the  result  of  a  morbid  process 
in  different  organs. 

Fibro-Cartilagrs,  Tat^sal,  see  Tarsus. 
Fibi{o-Cartilagi.nes  I.vtervertebuales,  In- 
tervertebral cartilages. 

FIBRO-CELL'ULAR,  Fibyo-ceUuln'ris,  Fibro- 
ore'olnr,  Fibm-areohi'riH.  That  which  partakes 
of  the  fibrous  .and  of  the  cellular  tissue,  as  the 
fascia  tninsversalis. 

Fibro-Cellular  Tumour,  Tumour,  fibro-cel- 
Inlar. 

FIBROMA.  Tumour,  fibrous. 

FIBRO-MUCOUS,  Fibro.muco'Hus,  C¥.)Fibro- 

muqueux.     Possessing  the  nature  of  fibrous  and 

of    mucous    membranes.      A    term    applied    to 

fibrous  membranes,  which  are  intimately  united 


with  other  niemhrnnes  of  a  mucous  nature,  as 
the  pititiinry  membrane,  the  incinbnive  of  the 
urethra,  Ac. 

FIBRO-FLASTIC,/'/^>v.-p/a».'/iV.,«,  (¥.)  fibro. 
2}lasli</iie,  from  Jibra,  '  fibre,'  and  7T)iaaau),  '  I  form.' 
An  epithet  for  a  morbid  formation,  con.-iituled  of 
the  elements  of  areolar  tissue  transformed,  in 
part,  into  fibre. — Lebert. 

Fibro-Plastk;  Tumoitr,  Sarcoma. 

FIBRO-SEROUS,  Fibro-sero'.no,  (F.)  Fibro. 
sereux.  Possessing  the  nature  of  fibrous  and 
serous  membranes.  Membranes,  composed  of  a 
fibrous,  and  a  serous  sheet,  intimately  united: — 
as  the  Dura  Mater,  Pericardium,  Tunica  ulba- 
ginea  testis,  <tc. 

FIBROID,  Fibrous,  Tumour,  fibrous. 

FI'BROUS,  Fibro'sus,  Fibroid,  (F.)  Fibreux. 
Composed  of  fibres.  Certain  membranes,  as  tlio 
dura  mater,  periosteum,  ligamentous  capsules  of 
the  joints,  &c.,  are  fibrous.  The  fibrous  system 
of  Bichat  includes  the  system  of  organs  formed 
by  the  albugineons  fibre  of  Chaussier.  It  com- 
prises, particularly,  the  periosteum  and  perichon- 
drium: the  articular  capsules  and  ligaments;  the 
tendons;  the  dura  mater,  pericardium,  tunica 
sclerotica,  tunica  albuginea  testis,  outer  mem- 
brane of  the  spleen,  &c.  Under  simple  fibroin) 
tissues,  Tel cE  fibro' scB,  certain  writers  have  classed 
the  ivhite  and  ycUow  fibrous  tissues,  and  areolar 
tissue.  Both  the  yellow  and  the  white  may  be 
detected  in  the  areolar  tissue.  The  white  is  said 
to  exist  alone  in  ligaments,  tendons,  fibrous  mem- 
branes, aponeuroses,  <fec.  The  ?/(7/oip,  (F.)  Tissn 
jnune,  exists  separately  in  the  middle  coat  of  the 
arteries,  the  chordae  vocales,  ligamentum  nuchoe 
of  quadrupeds,  &c.  It  differs  from  the  white  in 
possessing  a  high  degree  of  elasticity,  owing  to 
the  presence  of  a  distinct  principle,  called  by  MM. 
Robin  and  Verdeil,  elasticine. 

Fibrous  Growth,  Tumour,  fibrous  —  f.  Matter 
of  the  Brain,  see  Cerebrum  —  f.  Membranes,  see 
Membranes,  fibrous. 

FIB'ULA,  (for  Figibnla  [?]  from /.70,  '  to  fix,') 
Cruris  ra'dius,  Canua  minor,  Os  per'one,  I'ero- 
nc'um,  Foc"ile  minus,  Sura,  Arun'do  minor,  Fist'- 
ula  Cruris.  Tib'ia  min'ima.  Os  tib'iai  minus,  Spell- 
bone,  'a  clasp.'  The  splinter  bone  of  the  leg. 
(F.)  Pcrone.  The  long,  small  bone,  situate  at 
the  outer  part  of  the  leg.  The  superior  or  tibial 
extremity  of  the  fibula  is  rounded  and  forms  the 
caput  or  head.  It  is  articulated  with  the  tibia. 
Its  inferior  or  tarsal  extremity  is  liroader  than 
the  superior.  It  is  articulated  with  the  tibia  and 
astragalus,  and  forms  the  malleolus  externiis  or 
outer  ankle  by  means  of  its  eoronoid  process. 
The  body  of  the  bone  has  three  faces,  having 
more  or  less  prominent  edges.  It  is  separated 
from  the  tibia  by  the  interosseous  space,  and  is 
developed  by  three  points  of  ossification  ;  one  at 
the  body,  and  one  at  each  extremity.  It  prevents 
the  foot  from  turning  outwards. 

FIBllLAD,  see  Fibular  aspect. 

FIBULAR,  Peroneal. 

FiBi'LAR  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the  side 
on  which  the  fibula  is  situated. — Barclay,  Fib'- 
idad  is  used  by  the  same  writer  adverbially,  to 
signify  'towards  the  fibular  aspect.' 

FIBULATIO,  Infibulatio. 

FfO,  Ficus. 

FfCAfliE,  Ranunculus  ficaria. 

FICARIA,  Scrophularia  aqiiatica — f.  Cominu- 
nis.  Ranunculus  ficaria — f.  Ranunculoides,  Ra- 
nunculus ficaria — f.  Verna,  Ranunculus  ficaria. 

FICATIO.  Ficus. 

FICICION,  Phvsician. 

FICOSA  EMINENTIA.  Ficus. 

FICUS,  Syre,  Sy'cea,  Sycum,  Syco'sig,  Sycn'- 
mn,  Fica'tio,  Fico'sus  Tumor,  Fico'sa  eminen'tia, 
Maris'ca,  (F.)  Fit:     A  fleshy  excrescence,  often 


FIDERIS 


393 


FILTRATION 


soft  ami  redilish,  sometimes  hard  and  scirrhous, 
baii^iiif;  by  a  peduncle,  or  formed  like  a  lig; 
oecurrinj;  on  tlio  eyelids,  chin,  tongue,  anus,  or 
organs  of  generation.  The  fici  seated  on  the 
liMt-mentioned  parts  are  generally  of  a  syphilitic 
character. 
Ficus,  F.  Carica. 

Ficiis  Cah'ica,  F.  viilgn'ris  seu  commn'nis. 
The  systematic  name  of  the  fig  tree  ;  (F.)  Figiiier.' 
Oi'd.  Urticaceae.  Carica,  Ficus,  Syce,  avKr/,  (F.) 
Fl(/ue:  the  /ig  —  is  a  pleasant  fruit  when  ripe; 
as  well  as  when  dried  in  the  state  in  which  it  is 
fi.und  in  the  shojts  —  Ficun,  (Ph.  U.S.)  It  is 
used,  at  times,  in  place  of  a  cataplasm;  especially 
in  gtim-hoils. 

Ficus  Communis,  F.  Carica — f.  Indiso  grana. 
Coccus  cacti  —  f.  Indica,  Musa  paradisiaca,  see 
Caoutchouc,  Carica  papaya,  and  Laeca  —  f.  Reli- 
giosa,  see  Lacca. 

FIDEllIS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  These 
waters,  in  the  Canton  of  the  Grisons,  are  strong, 
acidulous,  and  alkaline,  and  possess  all  the  vir- 
tues of  the  class. 

FIDtiETS.  Of  doubtful  etymology.  Dijs- 
j}!ior'!<i  niiiiplex,  D.  nrivo'uft,  Ercthis'  duih  simplex, 
Tiliibn'lio,  Creepers,  (Sc.)  Fei/k,  (P.)  FrellUement. 
General  restlessness  and  troublesome  uneasiness 
of  the  nerves  and  muscles,  with  increased  sensi- 
bility, and  inability  of  fixing  the  attention,  ac- 
companied with  a  perpetual  desire  of  changing 
the  po>ition.      See  A(/'iceiiieiit  dcs  Nerfs. 

FIDICINALES,  Lumbricales  manus. 

FIE,  Psychorages. 

FIEL,  Hile— /.  de  Bmif,  Bile  of  the  ox—/, 
rfe  Tcrrc,  Fumaria. 

FIEIjDWEED,  Anthemis  cotula,  Erigeron 
Pliiliideliihicum. 

FIENTE,  Fimus. 

FIEVllE,  Fever — /.  d'Accis,  Intermittent 
fever — f.  Adyiinmique,  Tj'plius — f.  Ahjide,  see 
Algidus — /.  d' Amour,  Fever,  erotic^/.  Anrjeio- 
tfnique,  Synocha — /.  Annnelle,  see  Annual  Dis- 
eases— /.  Ardent,  Ardent  fever,  S3'nocha — /. 
Attixiqite,  Typhus — /.  de  la  Barbnde,  Fever, 
yellow — /.  Ihdlciise,  Pemphigus — f.  des  Camps, 
Typhus  sravior — /.  Catarrhale,  Catarrh — /.  Ca- 
turrhale  ^pidemiqiie,  Influenza — ■/.  Cerebrate,  Ce- 
rebral fever — /.  Cerebmle  des  Eitfaiis,  Hydroce- 
phalus internus — /.  Cerebro-spiiia/,  Meningitis, 
cerebro-spinal — /.  ChiUrique,  Choleric  fever  — 
/.  de  Coii'omptiou,  see  Consumption — f.  Coiifi- 
vente  inflammatoire,  Synocha- — /.  Deliraiile, 
Fever,  delirious — /.  Double,  Fever,  double — /. 
Doublee,  Fever,  double  — f.  Eittero-mesenterique, 
Typhoid  fever — /.  Ephemere,  Ephemera — /. 
Eiique,  Hectic  fever — /.  Gastro-adynamiqite, 
Fever,  yellow — f.  Gasfm-hepatique,  Fever,  yellow 
— ■/.  H('cli(pie,  Hectic  fever — ■/.  de  Hoiu/rie,  Fever, 
llungaric — f.  d'llopital.  Typhus  gravior — f.  Ic- 
teriqiie.  Fever,  yellow — f.  liijlamniatoire,  Synocha 
— /.  Intermitlrutr,  Intermittent  fever — /.  Iiifer- 
tiiittetile  piihidrciiiie,  see  Elodes — /.  /rritafive, 
Synocha — ■/.  Jamie  d'Ameriqne,  Fever,  yellow — 
/.  Lactee,  Fever,  milk — f.  de  Lait,  Fever,  milk — 
/.  Laiteiise,  Fever,  milk  — /.  Larvee,  Fever, 
masked — ■/.  Lenticulaire,  Typhus  gravior — -f.  du 
Levant,  Plague — /.  des  ifarais,  Intermittent 
fever — ■/.  Maremmatiqiie,  see  Elodes — f.  Matctute, 
Fever,  yellow — -f.  Mfniiujn-rjastrique,  Fever,  gas- 
tric—/. Mesenteriqne,  see  Typhus — /.  de  la  Mnis- 
«'>»,  Fever,  gastric — /  ^^llrbiUeuse,  Rubeola  —  f. 
Nervcnse,  Typhus  mitior — ■/.  Nosocnmiah,  Tj'phus 
gravior—/  OrtiSe,  Urticaria — /.  Oscitante,  Osei- 
tant  fever— ;/".  Pahtdeinue,  see  Elodes—/.  Ph-io- 
diqxe.  Intermittent  fever — /  Peripneamnniqne, 
I'neumonia — /*.  Periiirieuse  dt'liraiitc,  see  Deli- 
rious—  /.  I'lvurftlqiir,  Pleurisy — /  des  Prisons, 
Typhus  gravior—/.  Piieumoniqiie,  Pneuiuunia — 


/.  Pourpree,  Scarlatina — /.  Piierpernh,  Fever, 
puerperal,  see  reritonitis— /  Qnarte,  Quartan — 
/.  Quatidienne,  Quotidian — /  0,  Jievliitte,  see 
Relapse — /.  L'emittente,  Remittent  fever — /. 
Ithumatinmale,  Rheumatism,  acute — /.  Itonye, 
Roseolae,  Scarlatina — /.  Smitjuiue,  Synocha — /. 
Semitierce,  llemitritica — /.  dc  Siam,  Fever,  yel- 
low— •/.  Suante,  Sudor  Picardieus — f.  Syueopule, 
see  Fever  syncopal,  and  Syncopal — /  Tierce, 
Tertian  fever—/.  Typlwide,  see  Typhus—/.  Veai- 
culaire.  Pemphigus. 

F1£YREUX,  Feverish. 

FIG,  see  Ficus  carica  —  f.  Indian,  Cactus 
opuntia. 

FIG  UE,  see  Ficus  carica. 

FIG  LIEU,  Ficus  carica — /.  d'Inde,  Cactus 
opuntia. 

FIGURA  VENOSA,  Circulus  venosus. 

FIGUKATIO,  Imagination. 

FIGURE,  Countenance. 

FIGURE,  (F.)  An  Cjiithet  for  a  compressive 
bandage,  applied  over  the  head  after  Idceding 
fr(jm  the  frontal  vein.  It  has  also  been  called 
bandage  royal, 

FIG  WORT,  Scrophularia  nodosa  —  f.  Water, 
greater,  Scrophularia  aquatica. 

FILACEOUS,  Filamentous. 

FILA  NERVEA,  Nerve-iibres— f.  Spermatica, 
Spermatozoa. 

FILAIRE  DE  MEDINE,  Dracunculus. 

FIL'AMENT,  Filnm,  Filamen'Uan,  from  Jilim, 
'a  thread.'  This  word  is  used  ."ynonj'uiously 
with  fhrit;  thus,  we  say,  a  nervous  or  eellnlor 
filament  or  fibril.  Also,  the  glairy,  thread-like 
substance  which  forms  in  the  urine  in  some  dis- 
eases, and  which  depends  on  a  particular  secre- 
tion from  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  urinary 
passages. 

FILAMEN'TOUS,  Filamento'sns.  Filaceous; 
threadlike;  filiform.  Same  etymon.  Containing 
threadlike  substances,  as  the  tunica  filamentoea 
or  deeidua: — Filamentous  urine;  urine  contain- 
ing threadlike  substances. 

FILAMENTUM,  Fr.Tnum. 

FILARIA  GUINEENSIS,  Dracunculus  — f. 
Hominis  bronchialis,  see  Worms — f.  Mediuensis, 
Dracunculus — f.  Oculi,  see  Worms. 

FIL15EHT,  Corylus  avellana. 

FILE,  DENTAL,  Lima  dentaria. 

FILELLUM,  Fricnum. 

FILET  {DE  LA  LANGUE),  Frajnum  — /.  de 
la  Verge,  Fraenum  penis — /.  Operation  du,  see 
Fraenum. 

FILETUM,  Fra-num  lingua-. 

FILICULA,  Polypodium  filix  mas— f.  Dulcis, 
Polypndium  vulgare. 

FIL'IF0RM,i''i7(/o)v)('?8,  frovD  filum,  'a  thread,' 
and  /o;-;»«,  'form.'  Having  the  shape  of  a  thread; 
as  the  '^ filiform  papilla}  of  the  tongue;"  a  "fili- 
form pulse."     See  Papillse. 

FILING,  Limntio. 

FILIPENDULA,  Spirsea  filipendula. 

FILIUS  ANTE  PATKEM,  Tussilago. 

FILIX  FffiMINEA,  Pteris  aquilina  —  f.  Flo- 
rida, Osinunda  regalis — f.  Mas,  Polypodium  filix 
mas — f.  Non  ramosa  denfata,  Polypndium  filix  mas 
— f.  N3'mpha?a,  Pteris  aquilina — f.  I'innata,  Poly- 
podium fili.v  mas — f.  Veneris,  Adiantum  pedatum. 

FILLE,  Girl. 

FILLET,  Fascia,  Laqueus  —  f.  of  the  Corpus 
Callosum,  (Jyrus  fornicatus. 

FILLING.  A  term  euiplo3'ed  in  dentistry  for 
the  operation  of  stuffing  the  cavity  of  a  carious 
tooth  with  some  indestructible  substance,  to  pre- 
vent the  access  of  extraneous  matters — Odonto- 
plrro'sis.     See  Plugging. 

FILTRA'TION,  Filtra'tio,  Percola'tio,  E'thi- 
'sis,  Ethin'mm.     Same  etymon  as  the  next.    A 


FILTRUM 


394 


FISTULA 


pbtirmaecutical  operation,  whioh  consists  in  pass- 
ing a  fluid  through  a  filter  or  strainer,  for  the 
purpose  of  clarifying  it.  In  ancient  ])bysiology, 
it  meant  the  action  by  which  the  different  hu- 
mours of  the  body  are  separated  from  the  mass 
of  the  blood. 

FILTRUM.  A  filter.  (F.)  Filtre ; —  irom 
fentre,  'felt  or  fulled  cloth,'  which  was  used  to 
form  it.  Any  porous  material ;  such  as  snnd, 
some  kinds  of  freestone,  powdered  charcoal, 
ponnded  f/fasn,  fJaunel,  unshed  p<(j)er,  &c.,  through 
which  a  fluid  is  passed  for  the  puri)ose  of  sepa- 
rating it  from  the  matters  suspended  in  it. 

FILUM,  Fihiment  —  f.  Musculare,  Muscular 
fibre  —  f.  Toeniaforme,  Ticniola. 

FiLUM  Termina'le.  a  slender  ligament,  pro- 
longed from  the  nervous  sheath,  formed  by  the 
spinal  pia  mater,  which  descends  through  the 
centre  of  the  cauda  equina,  and  is  attached  to 
the  dura  mater,  lining  the  canal  of  the  coccyx. 

FIM'BRIA,  Parar'ma.  A  band,  a  fringe;  as 
the  fimbria  or  fimbriated  or  fringed  extremity  of 
the  Fallopian  tube. 

FIM'BRIA  CARNOSiE  COLL  Appendicula? 
pinguedinosae  —  f.  Tubarum  Fallopii,  see  Tube, 
Fallopian. 

FIMBRIATED,  see  Fimbria. 

FIMUS,  Bor'borm,  Oiitlius,  Sterctis.  (F.) 
Fiente.     Dung,  excrement. 

Fnfus  seu  Stkrcus  A.n'seris,  CooKe-dunrj,  was 
applied  as  a  poultice  to  the  feet  in  malignant 
fever.     See  Chenocoprus. 

FlMUS  Equi'nus,  Sterctis  equi  non  castra'ti. 
Stone  horse-dung  was  once  thought  antipleuritic. 

FiMUS  Vacc^,  Cow-dung,  was  employed  as  a 
cata])lasm,  cspeciallv  in  gout. 

FINCKLE,  Anetiium. 

FINGER,  Digitus  — f.  Middle,  Medius  digitus 
— f.  Ring,  Annular  finger — f.  Stall,  Digitale. 

FINIS  ASPERiE  ARTERI^,  Larynx. 

FIOLE,  Phiala. 

FIPPI/E,  Lip,  under. 

FIR,  BALSAM,  Pinus  balsamea. 

Fin-Moss,  lIpniGHT,  Lycopodium  selago. 

Fir,  Scotch,  Pinus  sylvestris — f.  Spruce,  Nor- 
vray,  Pinus  abies. 

Fir  Tree,  Silver,  European,  Pinus  picea. 

Fiu,  Yew-leaved,  Pinus  abies. 

FIRE  DAMP,  Hydrogen,  carburetted— f.  Per- 
sian, Anthracion — f.  St.  Anthony's,  Erysipelas. 

Fire  Weed,  Erechthites  hieracifolia,  Senecio. 

FIRING,  Cauterization. 

FIRST  INTENTION,  see  Intention. 

FISHSKIN,  Ichthyosis. 

FISH-TONGUE.  (F.)  Langue  de  Carpe.  An 
instrument — so  called  from  its  shape  —  used  by 
some  dentists  for  the  removal  of  the  dent§s  sa- 
pientise. 

FISSICULA'TIO,  hom fissicidare,  'to  cutoff,' 
'open,'  'make  incisions.'  An  old  word  for  an 
opening  made  with  a  scalpel. 

FISSIPARITE,  see  Generation. 

FISSIPAROUS,  see  Generation. 

FISSURA,  Fissure  — f.  Canalis  Fallopii,  see 
Aquaeductus  Fallopii — f.  Capillorum,  Distrix — f. 
Contrajacens,  Contra-fissura — f.  Cerebri  longitu- 
dinalis.  Fissure,  longitudinal,  of  the  Brain  —  f. 
Interlobularis,  Interlol)ular  fissure  —  f.  Magna 
vulvifB,  see  Rima — f.  Palpebrarum,  see  Palpebra 
— f.  Pilaris,  Triehismus. 

Fissu'ra  Longitudixa'lis,  Ante'rior  et  Pos- 
te'rior.  Two  vertical  fissures  in  the  median 
line,  in  front  of,  and  behind,  the  medulla  oblon- 
gata, which  divide  it  superficially  into  two  sym- 
metrical lateral  columns. 

FissuRA  Transversa  Magna  Cerebri,  Fis- 
sure, transverse,  of  the  Brain. 

FISSURE,  Fissu'ra,  Schisma,  Sciaen'ra,  Rhege, 
Ehegnia,    Ehejjmus,    from   Jindere,    fssum,    '  to 


cleave;'  a  long  and  narrow  cleft  or  opening  in  a 
bone — Rhage,  fiuyri,  Ceasma,  Kcaana.  (F.)  /V»«ii/e, 
Fente. 

Fissure  has  various  acceptations:  1.  A  frac- 
ture, Catag'ma  fissu'ra,  in  which  tlie  bono  is 
cracked,  not  separated,  as  in  fracture ;  2.  A  nar- 
row, long,  and  stiperficinl  solution  of  continuity, 
around  the  external  openings  of  the  mucous 
'memi)ranes.  A  sort  of  chap — (F.)  (lcr<:nrv—uh. 
served  on  the  hands,  particuliiriy  on  the  ciillous 
hands,  of  workmen,  in  certain  mechiinicnl  ciii- 
ploynients;  3.  Small  chapped  ulcerations,  .•ionic- 
times  noticed  in  j'oung  children,  owing  to  the 
contact  of  the  faces  and  urine  witli  tlic  (iiie, 
delicate  skin  of  the  thighs,  nates,  and  genital 
organs  ;  4.  Clefts  of  a  more  or  less  deep  nature, 
occurring  on  the  genital  organs  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  anus,  in  those  labouring  under  syphilis. 
These  are  usually  called  rhagaiUs.    See  I\lon,<ter. 

FissiTUK  OF  IJicilAT,  Fissure,  transverse,  of 
the  Brain — f.  Capillary,  see  Piiatio. 

Fissure,  Central.  The  aggrcgnto  of  the  ca- 
vities or  ventricles  of  the  brain.  Meckel  consi- 
ders them  but  one  cavity,  in  the  form  of  a  cross. 

Fissure  of  Glaser,  Fissure,  glenoid  —  f.  of 
Glaserius,  F.  Glenoid. 

Fissure,  Glenoid,  Fissure  of  Glaser  or  Ghme'. 
ritis,  (F.)  Fissure  ou  Scissiire  de  Glaser,  Fente 
gleiio'idtde  ou  Felure  de  Glaser,  divides  the  gle- 
noid cavity  of  the  temporal  bone  into  two  parts, 
and  gives  passage  to  the  chorda  tympani.  Ac. 

Fissure  op  the  Helix.  A  small  verticiii  fis- 
sure of  the  helix  of  the  ear,  a  little  above  the 
tubercle  for  the  attachment  of  the  attrahensaiu'cm 
muscle. 

Fissure,  Infraorbitar,  Snborbitar  fissure. 

Fissure,  Longitu'dinal,  op  the  Bhain,  Fis- 
su'ra cer'ehri  lomjitudina'lis.  The  space  which 
separates  the  two  hemispheres  of  the  brain. 

Fissure,  Orbitar,  see  Orbitar  fissure — f.  Or- 
bitar,  inferior,  Spheno-maxillary  fissure — f.  Or- 
bitar, superior.  Sphenoidal  fissure — f.  Portal,  see 
Liver. 

Fissure  op  Rolan'do.  A  transverse  fissure 
placed  between  two  superior  cerebral  convolu- 
tions, which  are  met  with  above  the  fissure  of 
Sylvius. 

Fissure,  Semilu'nar.  A  notch  at  the  ante- 
rior edge  of  the  cerebellum,  where  it  receives 
fibres  which  connect  it  to  the  cerebellum  and 
mesocephalon. 

Fissure  of  Svl'vius,  Fissu'ra  seu  F«ssa  Mag. 
na  Si/l'vii.  A  deep,  narrow  sulcus,  which  ascends 
obliquely  backwards  from  the  temporal  ala  of  the 
sphenoid  bone,  near  to  the  middle  of  the  parietid 
bone,  and  which  parts  the  anterior  and  middle 
lobes  of  the  cerebrum  on  each  side. 

Fissure  of  the  Tragus.  A  fissure  on  the  an- 
terior surface  of  the  tragus  of  the  ear. 

Fissure,  Transverse,  of  the  Brain,  Great 
transverse  fissure.  Fissure  of  Bichat,  Fissu'ra  seu 
Rima  transver'sa  magna  cer'ehri.  A  fissure, 
which  passes  beneath  and  behind  the  edge  of  the 
middle  lobe  of  the  brain,  and  extends  beneath 
the  hemisphere  of  one  side  to  the  same  jjoint  of 
the  opposite  side. 

FIST,  Sax.  Fyj-t,  -rrvyiiv,  Ryy^^t  Pu/jnus,  (F.) 
Poing.     The  clenched  hand. 

FIS'TULA,  'a  pipe  or  reed,'  Si/rin.r,  Syrin'gn, 
Anlos — when  of  a  small  size,  Anlis'cos.  A  solu- 
tion of  continuity,  of  greater  or  less  depth  and 
sinuosity;  the  opening  of  which  is  narrow,  and 
the  disease  kept  up  by  an  altered  texture  of  pnrts, 
so  that  it  is  not  disposed  to  heal.  A  fistula  is 
incomplete  or  blind,  when  it  has  but  one  opening; 
and  complete  when  there  are  two,  the  one  com- 
municating with  an  internal  cavity,  the  other 
externally.  It  is  lined,  in  its  whole  course,  by 
a  membrane   which  seems  analogous  to  mucous 


FISTULES  STERCORAIRES     395 


FLAX 


inemljranes.  Inconiptcte  fintidoi  may  be  iuternnl 
or  exieitiiil.  The  former  are  tliose  which  open 
iiileinnUi/  ;  the  hitter  those  which  ojien  exIeiiiuUy. 
Kxterniii  iurotnplcte  fmtnlai  are  kept  u|)  by  caries 
or  necrosis  of  bones,  by  extraneous  bodies  in  any 
of  the  living  textures,  or  by  purulent  cavities, 
the  walls  of  which  have  not  become  united.  Iii- 
ttrudl  iuvniiipliilfi  Jlnliilm  generally  soon  become 
complete,  since  the  discharge  that  escapes  from 
them  into  the  cavities  into  which  they  open  has 
a  constant  tendency  to  make  its  way  outwardly, 
and  soon  occasions  ulceration  of  the  integuments. 
FistnliC  have  received  different  names,  according 
to  the  discharge  which  they  aflord,  and  the  organs 
in  which  tiiey  are  seated, — as  htrhrynml,  hiliavi/, 
Sfiliixiry,  nijnorldl,  nriiiari/  —  Fh'titia  iiri'iim, 
U'rUiH.  The  great  object  of  treatment,  in  fistu- 
lous sores,  is  to  bring  on  an  altered  condition  of 
the  parietes  of  the  canal,  by  astringent  or  stimu- 
lating injections,  caustics,  the  knife,  pressure,  <fec. 
Those  which  are  dependent  on  diseased  bone, 
cartiliige,  tendon,  &c.,  do  not  heal  until  after  the 
exfoliatiim  of  the  diseased  part.  Fistulue  of  ex- 
cretory ducts  are  produced  cither  by  an  injury 
of  the  duct  itself  or  by  the  retention  and  accu- 
mulation of  the  fluids  to  which  they  have  to  give 
passiige.  Thus,  Fin'tuln  Incn/inn'/is,  Dacri/o- 
tijr'iiij',  Einj)hrnij']iin  Idcri/tiin'/e,  Hyihopii  nacci 
lacri/ma'lis,  Dropni/  of  the  liii'hryiiinl  ntic,  com- 
monly procei'ds  from  the  o))literation  of  the  nasal 
ducts,  or  from  atony  of  the  lachrymal  sac;  which 
circumstances  prevent  the  tears  from  passing  into 
the  nostrils. 

Fistula  in  Ano,  ArrJidsi/v'hir,  generally  occurs 
from  some  mechanical  pressure  or  impediment. 
The  principal  indication  in  the  treatment  of  these 
fistuliB  of  the  excretory  canals  being  to  imt  a  stop 
to  the  constant  discharge  of  the  secretions,  &c.. 
through  the  preternatural  channel,  the  fistulous 
passage  is  at  times  laid  open,  and  a  communica- 
tion established  with  the  natural  excretory  canal; 
at  others,  strong  pressure  is  employed  to  procure 
its  obliteration. 

Fistula  Bklliniana.  Uriniforous  tube — f.  Ci- 
balis,  CEsophagus — f.  Cruris,  Fibula — f.  Durae 
matris.  Sinus  of  the  dura  mater  —  f.  Lacrymalis, 
see  Fistula — f.  Mammas,  Mastosyrinx — f.  Nervo- 
rum, Neurilemma  —  f.  Sacra,  Medulla  spinalis. 
Vertebral  column  —  f.  Spiritualis,  Trachea  —  f. 
Urinaria,  Urethra — f.  Uretcrum  renum.  see  Calix 
—  f.  Urinae,  see  Fistula  —  f.  Ventriculi,  (Eso- 
phagus. 

FISTULES  STERCORAIRES,  see  Sterco- 
raceous. 

FIS'TULOUS.  FtstnJo'nns,  S'/i-!tig"iciisi,  Si/rin- 
gu'di'K,  (F.)  Fintuleux.    Relating  to,  or  resembling, 
a  fistula;  as  'a. fistulous  opening.' 
FIT,  Pes. 

FIT-ROOT,  Monotropa  nniflora. 
FITS,  NINE  DAY.  Trismus  naseentium. 
FIVE  FINCJERS,  Panax  quinquefolium. 
FIXATIO  MONONCEA,  Melancholy. 
FIXED,  /'(>!(«,  from  figere,  fxum,  'to  fasten.' 
A  body  not  capable  of  being  volatilized  by  fire  is 
Paid  to  be  fixed.    Thus,  we  sny  fixed  oils,  in  con- 
tradistinction to  volritile  oils. 

FIXEN.  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  This 
spring  is  four  leagues  from  Waldsassen,  in  Bava- 
ria. It  contains  carbonic  acid,  holding  in  solu- 
tion carbonates  of  lime  and  magnesia,  chlorides 
of  lime  and  magnesia,  carbonate  of  soda  and  silica. 
In  Bavaria,  it  replaces  the  Seltzer  water. 

FIXI  DENTES.  The  teeth  of  the  second 
dentition. 

FLABELLA'TION,  FUthcUa'tio,  from  flahel- 
Inve.  jhih'-lltttum,  (from  jhihrum.  'a  blast  of 
wind.')  'to  agitate  the  air.'  An  operation  recom- 
mended by  An\brose  Pard,  which  consists  in 
keeping   fractured   limbs    cool,   as    well   as   the 


dressings  surrounding  them,  by  the  renewal  of 
the  air  around  them,  either  by  the  use  of  a  fan, 
or  the  repeated  change  of  position  of  the  parts 
affected. 

FLABELLUM  ET  YENTILABRUM  COR- 
DIS, Pulmo. 

FLACCID'ITY,  Fhtccid'itas,  from  flnccidvn, 
'  flabby,'  '  soft.'  Softness  of  a  part,  so  as  to  offer 
little  resistance  on  pressure. 

FLAG,  BLUE,  Iris  versicolor— f.  Blue,  slender, 
Iris  Virginica — f.  Dwarf,  Iris  lacustris — f.  Myrtle, 
Acorns  calamus — f.  Root,  Acorus  calamus. 

FLAGELLATIO,  Mastigosis. 

FLAM  BE,  Iris  Germanica — /.  Bdtard,  Iris 
pseudacorus. 

FLAMBOISE,  Ignis  sylvaticus. 

FLAME,  VITAL,  Vital  principle. 

FLAMED,  Inflamed. 

FLAMMA,  Fleam— f.  Cordis,  Biolychnium— f. 
Vitalis,  Biolychnium. 

FLA3IME.  Fleam—/.  Vitah,  Vital  principle. 

FLAMMFTTE,  Fleam. 

FLAMMON,  Lachesis  rhombeata. 

FLAMMULA,  Fleam,  Rmniiirulus  ficnria  —  f. 
Cordis.  Biolychnium — f.  .Jovis,  Clematis  recia  — 
f.  Vitalis,  Animal  heat,  Biolychnium,  Vital  prin- 
ciple. 

FLANCS,  Flanks. 

FLANKS,  Il'ia,  Il'en,  Li'tjoiies,  Lnj^ara,  Ce- 
neo'nes,  (I'rov.)  Lists,  (F.)  Flaiirs,  Les  lies.  The 
regions  of  the  body  which  extend,  on  the  sides, 
from  the  inferior  margin  of  the  chest  to  the  crista 
iiii. 

FLAP,  (F.)  Lamhcau.  A  portion  of  the  soft 
parts  of  the  body  separated  from  those  beneath, 
but  still  attached  by  the  base.  Hence  there  may 
be  ' fiap  wounds,'  (F.)  I'hiies  d  lantLeanx,  and 
'JInji  operations,'  (F.)  Operaliovs  a,  lanihenux. 
When  the  flap  is  taken  from  one  part,  and  ap- 
f)licd  to  another,  in  plastic  operations,  the  opera- 
tion is  said  to  be  by  mi<JfiAtlon  nf  the  Jluji.  (F.) 
Migration  du  Lamhcau.  At  times,  the  flap  is 
made,  to  slide  over  the  part  to  which  it  has  to  ad- 
here:—  the  operation  is  then  said  to  be  by  the 
sliding  of  the  fiap,  (F.)  Glisseiiwiit  du  Laiuhean. 
The  flap  is  also,  at  times,  ndhd,  inverted,  ic, 
(F.)  Rouleinent  ou  Inversion  du  Lainbeuu. 

Flap-dock,  Digitalis. 

Flap  Operation  op  Amputation,  Amputation 

d  Innibeaux, 

FLAT  TOP,  Vernonia  Noveboracensis. 

FLATUARIUS.  Alchymist. 

FLATUEUX,  Windy. 

FLAT'ULENCE,  Flatulen'tia,  Flatus,  Flntu- 
os'itas,  Aerifiux'us,  Pneuniato'sis,  Pneiiwatnsin 
ventric'uli  et  enter'tca,  Bdes'nia,  Hi/perpneus'tia, 
Clydon,  Physa,  Pob/phy'sia,  Linio'sis  Fla'tus, 
Ereux'is,  Bouihus,  Fltituos'ity,  Wind,  Wind'iness, 
Ventos'ity,  Vapour,  (F.)  Ventosite,  Flatuosite, 
Vents;  from  fio,  fiatum,  '  to  blow.'  Wind  emitted 
from,  or  accumulated  in,  the  digestive  tube  espe- 
cially. 

FLATULENT,  Windy. 

FLATULENTIA,  Flatulence. 

FLATUOSITE,  Flatulence. 

FLATUOSITY,  Flatulence. 

FLATUS,  Crepitation,  Flatulence- f.  Furiosus, 
Ambulo-flatulentus — f.  Spinas,  Spina  ventosa. 

FLAVEDO  CORTICUM  CITRI,  see  Citrus 
medica. 

FLAVOUR,  from  {F.)fiairer,  'to  smell.'  The 
quality  of  a  saj)id  body,  which  is  appreciated  by 
the  taste  and  smell  combined,  and  more  espe- 
cially by  the  latter.  Some  physiologists  consider 
that  flavour  is  effected  through  the  smell  alone. 

FLA V US.  Yellow. 

FLAX.  COMMON,  Linum  usitatissiraum  —  f. 
Purging,  Linum  catharticum — f.  Seed,  see  Linum 


FLEA 


396 


FLEXOR 


nsitatTS?imum  —  f.  Seed  tea,  Tnfusum  lini  compo- 
situin — f.  Toad,  Antirhinura  linaria. 
FLEA.  COMMON,  Pulex  irritans. 
FLEABANE,  GREAT,  Conyza  squarrnsa— f. 
Various -leaved,  Erigeron  heterophylluin — f. 
Canada,  Erigeron  Caiiadense — f.  Narrow-leaved, 
Erigeron  Philadelphicuin  —  f.  Philadelphia,  Eri- 
ireron  Pliiladelphicum  —  f.  Skevish,  Erigeron 
Pliiladelpiiicurii. 

FLEAM,  Flamma,  Flam'mula,  Schaste'rion, 
Fossil' ri tint,  Phlebot'omum.  A  surgical  instru- 
ment used  for  the  operation  of  phlebotomy.  (F.) 
Ftamme,  Flammette.  It  consists  of  a  small  me- 
tallic box,  containing  a  spear-pointed  cutting  in- 
strument, which,  by  means  of  a  spring,  can  be 
forced  into  the  vein.  It  is  much  used  in  Ger- 
many and  some  other  European  countries,  and  is 
not  unfreiiuently  employed  in  America;  but  is 
Kcareelv  ever  seen  in  France  or  Great  Britain. 

FLEAWOUT,  Plantago  psyllium. 

FLEGHISSEUR,  Flexor—/.  Court  commun 
(hi  ortella.  Flexor  brevis  digitorum  pedis  — /. 
Ciiurt  du  petit  doifjt,  Flexor  parvus  minimi  digiti 
—  f.  Court  (III  2>etit  orteil.  Flexor  brevis  minimi  di- 
giti pedis — -/.  Pro/oiid  den  doigtn,  Flexor  profun- 
dus perforans — ■/.  Siihlime  den  doigts.  Flexor  sub- 
limis  perforatus — ■/.  Snperjieiel  des  doi'gts,  Flexor 
Fublimis  perforatus — ■/.  Court  du  gros  orteil,  Flexor 
brevis  pollicis  pedis- — ■/.  Grand  commun  des  orteih, 
Flexor  longus  digitorum  pedis  profundus  perfo- 
rans— f.  Long  commun  des  orteils,  Flexor  longus 
digitorum  pedis  profundus  perforans — ■/.  Long  du 
gros  orteil,  Flexor  longus  pollicis  pedis — ■/.  Court 
du  pouce.  Flexor  brevis  pollicis  manfls. 

FLECK,  Abrasion. 

FLECTENS  PAR  LUMBORUM,  Quadratus 
lumborum. 

FLEGMEN,  Flemen. 

FLEMEN,  Flegmen.  A  tumour  about  the 
ankles.     Also,  a  chap  on  the  feet  and  hands. 

FLERECIN,  Gout. 

FLESH,  Ctiro,  Sur-jc,  (F.)  Chair.  Every  soft 
part  of  an  animal  is  so  named;  but  more  parti- 
cularly the  muscles,  which  are  called  muscular 
Jlesh. 

Flesh.  PnouB,  Fungosity. 

FLESHY,  Corpulent. 

FLETUS.  Lacrymatio. 

FLEUR  DE  COUCOU,  Primula  veris  — /. 
Sointe-C'itherine,'^\gt\\;i — f.  de  Sainte- Jacques, 
Thlaspi  bursa — /.  de  Tons  lea  mois,  Calendula 
o.'Iicinnlis, 

FLEURS.  Flowers,  Menses — /.  de  Benjoin, 
Benjamin — ;/.  Blamhes,  Leucorrhoea— ;/".  de  3Ius- 
Cdde,  Mace — f.  de  Sonfre,  Sulphur  sublimatum. 

FLEXIBIL'ITY,  Fle.rihil'itns,  from  Jlectere, 
Jlexuni,  'to  bend.'  Capability  of  being  bent.  A 
physical  property  of  the  tissues,  which  varies 
greatly  according  to  the  structure.  The  tendons 
exhibit  this  property  in  a  marked  manner. 

FLEXIO.  Campsis,  Flexion. 

FLEX'ION,  Flex'io,  Cinupe.  Same  etymon. 
The  state  of  being  bent.  The  action  of  a  flexor 
muscle. 

FLEXOR.  Same  etymon.  (F.)  Flechisseur. 
A  muscle,  whose  office  it  is  to  bend  certain  parts. 

Flrxor  Bijevis  DiGiTo'r.uM  Pedis  Perpoiia'- 
TITS,  F.  Suhli'mis  sen  brevis  seu  digito'ruin  brevis 
seu  perforatus  pedis,  Perfora'tus  »e\l  fleu-or  secun'di 
iuterno'dii  digito'ruin  pedis,  (F.)  C(dcnneo-sous- 
phalavgettieu  commun, —  Galea iieo-sous-phalnngi- 
tiien  commun,  —  (Ch.),  Miisc/e  court  Jiechisseur 
commun  des  orteils.  A  muscle,  placed  at  the 
middle  of  the  solo  of  the  foot.  It  is  narrower 
and  thicker  behind  than  before,  where  it  is  di- 
vided into  four  portions.  It  arises  from  the  pos- 
terior part  of  the  inferior  surface  of  the  os  calcis, 
and  is  inserted  at  the  inferior  surface  of  the 
Becoud  phalanx  of  the  last  four  toes.     It  bends 


the  second  phalanges  of  the  toes  on  the  first,  and 
the  first  on  the  metatarsal  bones;  in  this  uiiiniicr 
augmenting  the  concavity  of  the  vault  of  the 
foot. 

Flexor  Brevis  Minimi  Digiti,  F.  Parvus  mi- 
nimi digiti. 

Flexor  Brevis  Min'imi  Dig"iti  Pepis,  Para'- 
thenar  minor,  (F.)  Court  jlichissenr  du  petit  orteil, 
Tarso-sous-j/halangien  du  petit  orteil  —  (Ch.)  A 
muscle,  situate  at  the  anterior  and  outer  part  of 
the  sole  of  the  foot.  It  arises  from  the  posterior 
extremity  of  the  fifth  metatarsal  bone,  and  is  in- 
serted into  the  posterior  part  of  the  first  phalanx 
of  the  little  toe,  which  it  bends. 

Flexor  Brevis  Pol'licis  Manus,  F.  secvn'dt 
interno'dii,  F.  primi  et  secun'di  ossia  pol'licis, 
Thenar,  (F.)  Court  Jlevhisseur  du  ponce,  Carpo- 
phidaugien  du  pouce — (Ch.),  Demi-interosseuj-  du 
pouce.  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  outer  part  of  the 
palm  of  the  hand.  It  is  divided  into  two  portions 
by  the  tendon  of  the  Flexor  longus  pollicis.  It 
arises  from  the  os  magnum,  the  anterior  annular 
ligament  of  the  carpus  and  the  third  metacarpal 
bone  ;  and  is  inserted  into  the  sujierior  jiart  of 
the  first  phalanx  of  the  thumb,  and  into  the  two 
ossa  sesamoidea  at  the  articulation  of  the  first 
phalanx  with  the  first  metacarpal  bone.  Its  use 
is  to  bend  the  first  phalanx  of  the  thumb  on  the 
first  metacarpal  bone,  and  the  latter  upon  the 
trapezium. 

Flexor  Brevis  Pol'licis  Pedis,  F.  brevis  seu 
hal'luris  seu  brevis  pol'licis,  (F.)  Tarso-phalan- 
gien  du  pouce,  Court.  Jlechisseur  du  gros  orteil, 
Tarso-sous-jjhalangettien  du,  premier  orteil — (Ch.) 
It  is  situate  at  the  anterior  and  inner  part  of  the 
sole  of  the  foot;  is  thin  and  narrow  behind,  thick 
and  divided  into  two  portions  before.  It  arises 
from  the  inferior  part  of  the  os  calcis  and  the  last 
two  cuneiform  bones,  and  is  inserted  at  the  infe- 
rior part  of  the  base  of  the  first  phalanx  of  the 
great  toe,  and  into  the  two  sesamoid  bones  of  the 
corresponding  metatarso-phalangian  articulation. 
It  bends  the  first  phalanx  of  the  great  toe  on  the 
first  metacarpal  bone. 

Flexor  Carpi  Raptalis,  Palmaris  magnus — 
f.  Carpi  ulnaris,  see  Cubital  (muscles) — f.  Hallu- 
cis,  F.  brevis  pollicis  pedis — f.  Hallucis  longus, 
F.  longus  p(jllicis  pedis. 

Flexor  Longus  Digito'rum  Pedis  Profun'- 
DUS  Per'forans;  Per'forans  seu  Flexor profun'- 
dus,  Perodactijle'us,  Peroiiodarti/l'ins,  I'erono- 
dactylicB'us,  Peroucdaeti/l' iiis,  Flexor  digito'rum 
loiii/ns  seu  Perforans  pedis,  Perforans  seu  Flexor 
tertii  internodii  digito'rum  pedis  ;  (F.)  'J'ibio-jjhn- 
latigettien — (Ch.),  Grand  Ou  long  fiechisHenr  cum- 
mun  des  orteils.  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  poste- 
rior and  deep-seated  part  of  the  leg.  It  is  broader 
at  its  middle  than  at  its  extremities,  the  inferior 
of  which  is  divided  into  four  portions.  It  arises 
from  the  posterior  surface  of  the  tibia,  and  its 
tendons  are  attached  to  the  posterior  part  of  the 
lower  surface  of  the  three  phalanges  of  the  last 
four  toes.  It  bends  the  three  phalanges  on  each 
other,  and  the  toes  on  the  metatarsus,  and  ex- 
tends the  foot  on  the  leg. 

The  Accesso'rius  Flexo'ris  Longi  Digito'rum 
Pedis,  Caro  quadra'ta  Si/l'vii,  C.  aceesso'ria, 
3fassa  car'nea  Jaco'bi  Syl'vii,  Pliiutu'ris  verus, 
(F.)  Aecessoire  du  long  flechisseur  comvivn  des 
orteils,  Carree  (Chair,)  is  a  small  muscle  of  the 
sole  of  the  foot,  which  passes  obliquely  from  the 
OS  calcis  to  the  outer  edge  of  the  flexor  longus, 
whose  force  it  augments,  arid  corrects  its  obliquity. 
Flexor  Longus  Pol'licis  Manus,  F.  longus 
pollicis,  F.  tertii  interno'dii  seu  longis'simus  pol- 
licis ;  (F.)  Radio-p)h(dangettien  du  jtouce, — (Ch.) 
Situate  at  the  anterior  and  profound  jiart  of  the 
forearm.  It  arises  from  the  upper  three  quarters 
of  the  anterior  surface  of  the  radius  and  interos- 


FLEXURA 


397 


FLUELLEN 


jeous  lignmcnt,  nnd  is  inserted,  by  a  tendon,  into 
the  anterior  surface  of  the  last  phalanx  of  the 
thumt).  It  bends  the  second  phalanx  of  the 
thumb  on  the  first;  the  first  on  the  corresponding 
metacarpal  bone,  and  this  upon  the  radius.  It 
can,  also,  bend  the  hand  on  the  forearm. 

Flkxou  LoNGirs  Pol'licis  Pkdis,  /'.  llnl'lncin 
seu  I'ollicl»  !ou!/iis,  (F.)  Peroiieo-phala7}i/ien  flu 
grot  ortpi'l,  Loncj  JlechlHueur  du  gros  orteif,  I'eroneo- 
goHH-l'kdlnniiKUie.ti  flu  ponce,— (Ch.)  It  is  situate 
at  the  posterior  and  profound  part  of  the  leg.  It 
arises  from  the  posterior  surface  of  the  fibula  and 
the  interosseous  ligament,  and  is  inserted,  by 
means  of  a  long  tendon,  into  the  inferior  part  of 
the  first  phalanx  of  the  great  toe.  It  bends  the 
third  phalanx  on  the  first,  and  this  upon  the  cor- 
responding metatarsal  bone.  It  augments  the 
concavity  of  the  sole  of  the  foot,  and  extends  the 
foot  on  the  leg. 

Flkxor  Pauviis  Min'imi  Dig"iti,  F.  hrrvis 
minimi  tlii/iti  nmniis,  Abductor  minimi  difjiti,  Hij- 
poth'eiicir  RioUi'ni  seu  minimi  digiti,  (F.)  Carpo- 
phalnnr/ien  dn  petit  doiijt — (Ch.),  Court JiScliissettr 
du  petit  doi;/t.  It  arises  from  the  anterior  an- 
nular ligament  of  the  carpus  and  the  process  of 
the  03  unciforrae,  and  is  inserted  at  the  inner  side 
of  the  superior  extremity  of  the  first  phalanx  of 
the  little  finger.  It  bends  the  first  phalanx  of  the 
little  finger. 

Ft.KXoii  Pkrporans,  F.  profundus  perforans — 
f.  Perforatus,  F.  sublimis  perforatus  —  f.  Primi 
internoilii,  Opponens  polliois — f.  Primi  internodi^ 
digitorum  manfls,  Lumbricalis  mantis — f.  Primi 
et  secundi  ossis  pollicis,  F.  brevis  poUicis  manfls. 
Flexor  Phofu.n'dus  Pru'forans,  F.  Profun- 
dus seu  Per'/oriius  seu  ter'tii  interna' dii  fligito'- 
ritm  mftuds,  Perforans  mandu ;  (F.)  Cuhito-jyhalfin- 
gettien  commnn  —  (Ch.),  Flechinseur  prfifond  firs 
doigts.  A  thick,  flat,  long  muscle,  seated  beneath 
the  Flcxomulilimin per/oriitus.  Its  upper  extremity 
is  simple,  and  arises  from  theanfcriorsurface  of  the 
ulna  and  from  the  interosseus  ligament.  Its  infe- 
rior extremity  terminates  by  four  tendons,  which, 
after  having  passed  through  slits  in  the  sub- 
limis,  are  inserted  into  the  anterior  surface  of  tlie 
last  phalanges  of  the  four  fingers.  It  bends 
the  third  phalanges  on  the  second,  and,  in  other 
respects  has  the  same  use  as  the  fle.xor  sublimis 
perforatus. 

Flexor  Secundi  Internodii  Digitorum  Pedis, 
F.  brevis  digitorum  pedis — f.  Tertii  internodii,  F. 
longus  pollicis  manfls — f.  Tertii  internodii  digito- 
rum mands,  F.  profundus  perforans — f.  Tertii  in- 
ternodii digitorum  pedis,  F.  longus  digitorum 
pedis  profundus  perforans  —  f.  Ossis  metacarpi 
pollicis,  Opponens  pollicis  —  f.  Perforatus  pedis, 
F.  brevis  digitorum  pedis — f.  Sublimis,  F.  brevis 
digitorum  pedis. 

Flexor  Subli'mis  Perfora'tus,  F.  Perfora'- 
tnn,  (V.) ^FKcki Sueur  sublime  ou  superjiciel  des 
doigts,  Epitrohlo-phfdanginien  commun,  —  (Ch.) 
It  is  a  thick,  flat,  muscle,  seated  at  the  anterior 
part  of  the  forearm.  Its  upper  extremity,  which 
is  simple,  arises  from  the  internal  condyle  of  the 
OS  humeri ;  —  from  the  coronoid  process  of  the 
ulna,  and  from  the  anterior  edge  of  the  radius. 
Its  lower  extremity  divides  into  four  tendons, 
which  slide  under  the  anterior  annular  ligament 
of  the  carpus,  and  are  inserted  into  the  second 
phalanges  of  the  last  four  fingers,  after  having 
been  slit  to  allow  the  tendons  of  the  flexor  pro- 
fundus to  pass  through  them.  This  muscle  bends 
the  second  phalanges  on  the  first;  these  on  the 
carpal  bones,  and  the  hand  on  the  forearm. 

FLEXUR.V,    Curvature— f.   Iliaca,    Sigmoid 
flexure — f.  Sigmoidea,  Sigmoid  flexure. 
FLICK,  Epiploon. 
FLIXWKI']!),  Sisymbrium  sophia. 
FLOATING,  IliBuiorrhagia. 


FLOCCI,  see  Villous  membranes— f.  Volitantcs, 
see  Metamorphopsia. 

FLOCCILATION,  Carphologia. 

FLOCCILECJIUM,  Carphologia. 

FLOCCITATION,  Carphologia. 

FLOCCORUM  VEXATIO,  Carphologia. 

FLOCCULI,  see  Villous  membranes. 

FLOCCULUS;  diminutive  of  Jioccus,  '  a  lock 
of  wool' — Pneumoiffis'tric  lob'ule,  Lob'ulus  pnen- 
mof/Ks'tricua.  A  long  and  slender  prominence, 
extending  from  the  side  of  the  vallecula  around 
the  corpus  restiforme  to  the  crus  cerebelli,  lying 
behind  the  filaments  of  the  pneumogastric  nerves, 

FLO/i  BE  MISTELA,  see  Mistura. 

FLORENCE,  CLIMATE  OF.  This  agreeable 
Italian  city  is  by  no  means  a  favourable  residence 
for  the  phthisical  invalid.  Sir  James  Clark  af- 
firms, indeed,  that  he  does  not  know  any  class 
of  invalids  for  whom  Florence  offers  a  favourable 
residence.  It  is  subject  to  sudden  vicissitudes 
of  temperature,  and  to  cold,  piercing  winds  du- 
ring the  vvinter  and  spring. 

FLORES  BENZOES,  Benjamin,  flowers  of— 
f.  Boraeis,  Eoracic  acid  —  f.  Cosso,  see  Hagenia 
Abyssinica — f.  Macidos,  see  Myristica  moschat.t 
f.  Macis,  Mace — f.  Martiales,  Ferrumammoniatum 
—  f.  Salis  ammoniaci  martiales,  Ferrum  ammo- 
niatum. 

FLORIDA,  CLIMATE  OF.see  Saint  Augustine. 

Florida,  Waters  of.  Near  Long  Lake,  in 
Florida,  United  States,  which  communicates  with 
St.  John's  Kiver  by  a  small  creek,  there  is  a  vast 
fountain  of  hot  mineral  water,  issuing  from  a 
bank  of  the  river.  From  its  odour  it  would  seem 
to  be  sulphureous. 

F  LOR  ION,  Influenza. 

FLOS,  Anthos.  A  flower.  Also,  the  finest  and 
noblest  part  of  the  body,  and  virginity. 

Flos,  Jovis,  Crocus — f.  Lactis,  Creinor  laetis — • 
f.  Salis,  Soda,  snbcarbonate  of — f.  Sanguineus 
monardi,  Tropajolum  majus  —  f.  Trinitatis,  Viola 
tricolor — f.  Virginitatis,  Hymen. 

FLOUR,  COLD,  Pinoli. 

Flour,  Patent,  Jones's.  A  farinaceous  pre- 
paration, which  is  said  to  consist  of  wheat-flour, 
with  tartaric  acid  and  carbonate  of  soda. 

Flour,  Potato,  see  Solanum  tuberosum. 

FLOWER  DE  LUCE.  Iris  Germ.anica. 

FLOWERS,  Flores,  (F.)  Fleurs.  The  ancient 
ehymists  gave  this  name  to  different  solid  and 
volatile  substances  obtained  liy  sublimation.  The 
term  is  not  yet  entirely  banished  from  chymical 
and  medical  language,  as  Flowers  of  Beiijfimin, 
Flowers  (f  Sulphur,  ic. 

Flowers,  Menses. 

Flowers,  Four  Carjiin'ative,  Qunt' nor  form 
cnrminati'vi,  were  chamomile,  dill,  fever-few,  and 
melilot. 

Flowers,  Four  Cor'dial,  Qunt'uor  flares  car- 
flifi'les,  were  formerly,  borage,  bugloss,  roses,  and 
violets. 

FLUCTUATIO,  Fluctuation— f.  Aurium,  Tin- 
nitus anrium. 

FLUCTUA'TION,  Fluctun'tio,  from  fuctnnre. 
ftictufttum,  (f actus,  'a  wave,')  'to  undulate.' 
Uuduln'tio,  (P.)  Ondulntion.  The  undulation 
of  a  fluid  collected  in  any  natural  or  artificial 
cavity,  which  is  felt  by  pressure  or  by  percussion, 
properly  practised  —  periph'eric  fuctu/ition.  In 
ascites,  the  fluctuation  is  felt  liy  one  of  the  hands 
being  applied  to  one  side  of  the  abdomen  whilst 
the  other  side  is  struck  with  the  other  hand.  lu 
abscesses,  fluctuation  is  perceived  by  pressing  on 
the  tumour,  with  one  or  two  fingers  alternate!}', 
on  opposite  points. 

Fluctuation,  Peripheric,  see  Fluctuation — f. 
Rhonchal,  see  Rhonchal  —  f.  by  Succussion,  see 
Succussion. 

FLUELLEN,  Antirhinum  elatine. 


FLUELLIN 


398 


F(ETAL 


FLUELLIN,  Veronica. 

FLU  BURS,  Menses — /.  Blanches,  Leucor- 
rha'a. 

FLUID,  Fln'idnn,  from  fiiere,  'to  flow.'  The 
human  body  is  chiefly  composed  of  fluids.  If 
one,  weighing  120  pounds,  be  thoroughly  dried 
in  an  oven,  the  remains  will  be  found  not  to 
weigh  more  than  12  or  13  pounds;  so  tliat  the 
proportion  of  fluids  to  liquids  in  the  body  is 
about  9  or  10  to  1. 


Table  op  Fluids  of  the  Human  Body. 


3.  Exhaled  or 
Perspiratory. 


4.  Follicular. 


5.   Glaudular. 


Blood. 
Lymph. 

("Transpiration  of  the  mucous, 
serous,  and  synovial  mem- 
branes ;  of  the  areolar  mem- 
brane; of  the  adipous  cells  ; 
of  the  medullary  membrane; 
of  the  interior  of  the  thyroid 
gland;  of  the  thymus;  sui)ra- 
renal  capsules;  eye;  ear; 
vertebral  canal,  &c. 
'  Sebaceous  humour  of  the  skin  ; 
cerumen;  gum  of  the  eye; 
mucus  of  the  mucous  glands 
and  follicles;  that  of  the 
tonsils,  of  the  glands  of  the 
cardia,  the  environs  of  the 
anus,  the  prostate,  <fec. 
Tears;  saliva;  pancreatic  fluid; 
bile;  cutaneous  transpiration; 
urine;  fluid  of  the  glands  of 
Cowper ;  sperm;  milk;  of 
the  testes  and  mammae  of 
the  new-born  child. 
FLuin,  Burnett's  Disinfecting,  see  Burnett 
• — f.  Cephalo-rachidian,  Cephalo-spinal  fluid 
—  f.  Cephalo-spinal,  Cephalo-spinal  fluid — f. 
Cerebro-spinal,  Cephalo-spinal  fluid  —  f.  Deodo- 
rizing, Ellerman's,  see  Elloruian  —  f.  Ledoyen's 
Disinfecting,  see  Ledoyen — f.  of  Scarpa,  Vitrine 
auditive — f.  Subarachnoidcan,  Cephalo-spinal 
fluid. 

FLUIDE  SEMINAL,  Sperm. 
FLUIDUM   NERVEUM,    Nervous    fluid  — f. 
Ccrebro-spinale,  Cephalo-spinal  fluid. 

FLUKE,  Distoma  hepaticum — f.  Liver,  Disto- 
ma  hepaticum. 

FLUMEN  DYSENTERTCUM,  Dysentery. 
FLUMMERY,  (Scotch)  Soweun.  A  preparation 
of  oat«ieal,  which  forms  a  light  article  of  food 
during  convalescence.  It  may  be  made  as  fol- 
lows:— Take  oi  oatmeal  or  i/roats,  a  quart.  Rub 
with  two  quarts  of  hot  water,  and  let  the  mixture 
stand  until  it  becomes  sour;  then  add  another 
quart  of  hot  tvater,  and  strain  through  a  hair  sieve. 
Let  it  stand  till  a  white  sediment  is  deposited; 
decant,  and  wash  the  sediment  with  cold  water. 
Boil  this  with  fresh  water  till  it  forms  a  mucilage, 
stirring  the  whole  time. 

FLUOR,  Flu.\ — f.  Albus  Intestinorum,  Coeliac 
flu.x — f.  Albus  malignus.  Gonorrhoea  impura  —  f. 
Mulicbris,  Leucorrhoea  —  f.  Muliebris  non  Galli- 
cus,  Leucorrhcea — f.  Sanguinis  piilmonuin.  Hae- 
moptysis— f.  Sanguinis  vesicae,  Cystorrhagia. 

FLUSH,  Flmhing.  (F.)  Jioiigeiim,  Boiiff'ee  de 
Chaleiir;  from  (G.)  'Fliessen,  'to  flow.''  The 
temi)orary  redness  and  heat  produced  liy  accumu- 
lation of  blood  in  the  capillaries  of  the  face;  as 
the  sudden  'Jlush'  or  '  blimh  of  emotion  ;'  the  'flush 
of  hectic' 

FLUX,  Fluxnn,  Profn'viinn,  Fluor,  fromfltiere, 
'  to  flow.'  A  discharge.  Rhysis.  In  nosology, 
it  comprises  a  series  of  affections,  the  principal 
f:ymptom  of  which  is  the  discharge  of  a  fluid, 
Generally  it  is  employed  for  dysentery. 
Flux,  Bil'ious,  Fiuxus  biliu'imi.    A  discharge 


of  bile,  either  by  vomiting  or  by  stool,  or  by  both, 
as  in  cholera. 

Flux,  Bloody,  Dysentery — /.  de  Tiouvhe.  Sa- 
livation— /.  Broiichiqne,  Broncborriiwa — /.  Dij. 
senterique,  Dysentery  —  f.  Hemorrhoidal,  see  Ji;e- 
morrhois — /.  Heputiquc,  Ilcpatirrha'a  —  f.  Men- 
strual, Menses — /.  Jliic/iicu.r,  Catarrh — /.  Mn. 
queux  de  I'estomac,  Gastrorrhoea — /.  MiiqneiiT  de 
la  veisie,  Cystirrhosa — f.  Root,  Asclepias  tiibe- 
rosa — f.  Sativaire,  Salivation  — f.  de  Sony,  Ihc- 
morrhagia.  Dysentery — f.  Sebaceous,  Steiiirliwa 
--■/.  de  Speniie,  Spermatorrha'a — /.  de  Siniir, 
Epliidrosis  —  f.  Weed,  Sysimbriuni  sophia— _/". 
d' Urine,  Diabetes — /.  de  Ventre,  Diarrhoea. 

FLUXIO.  Fluxion— f.  Alba,  Leucorrhcea— f. 
Arthritica,  (>out — f.  Vulvae,  Leucorrhcea. 

FLUX'ION,  Flux'io,  Afflux'us.  A  flow  of 
blood  or  other  humour  towards  any  organ  with 
greater  force  than  natural.  A  dttcnniiKilion. 
Thus  we  say,  in  those  disposed  to  apoplexy, 
there  is  a  fluxion  or  determination  of  blood  to 
the  head. 

FLUXION  CATARRHALE,  Catarrh-/.  «,.,•- 
les  Dents,  Odontalgia. 

FLUXION  DE  POITRINE,  (F.)  By  tins 
name,  the  French  often  understand  acute  pnlmo- 
nary  catarrh,  or  pleurisy,  but  most  commonly 
peripnenmony. 

FLUXUS,  Discharge — f.  Alvinus,  Diarrlicca- 
f.  Capillorum,  Alopecia — f.  Chylosus,  Coeliac  flux 
— f.  Coeliacus,  Coeliac  flux — f.  Coeliacus  per  Hones, 
Chyluria — f.  Cruentus  cum  tenesmo,  Dysentery 
— f.  Dysentericus,  Dysentery — f.  Hepaticus,  Ile- 
patirrboea,  see  Hepateros  —  f.  Lientericus,  Lien- 
tery — f.  Lunaris,  Menses  —  f.  Matricis,  Leueor- 
rhcea — f.  Menstrualis,  Menstruation  —  f.  Men- 
struus.  Menses  —  f.  Muliebris,  Leucorrhcea — f. 
Salivae,  Salivation — f.  Sebaceous,  Stearrhu'a — f. 
Splenicus,  Malajna — f.  Venereus,  Gonorrhoea  im- 
pura— f.  Ventricnli,  Gastrorrhoea. 

FLY-GOLDING,  Coccinella  septem  punctata. 

FLY-POISON,  Amianthum  inusea;to.\ionni. 

FLYTRAP,  Apocynum  andros£emifoliuui,  Sar- 
racenia. 

FOALFOOT,  Tussilago. 

FOC'ILE.  The  name  was  formerly  given  to 
the  bones  of  the  leg,  as  well  as  to  those  of  the 
forearm. 

FociLE  Majus,  Tibia  —  f.  Inferius  sou  majns, 
Ulna — f.  Minus,  Fibula  —  f.  Minus  sen  superius, 
Radius. 

FOCUS  APOPLECTICUS,  Apoplectic  ceU. 

FGKCUNDATIO,  Fecundation. 

FffiCUNDlTAS.  Fecundity. 

FffiCUNDUS,  Fecund. 

F(EDI  COLORES,  Chlorosis. 

FffiMEN,  Perinaoum. 

FCEMINA,  Female. 

FG5MINESCENTIA,  Feminescenee. 

FffiNICULUM.Anethum— f.  Aquaticum,  Phel- 
landrium  aquaticum — f.  Erraticum,  Peucedanum 
silaus  —  f.  Marinum,  Crithmum  maritinium — f. 
Officinale,  Anethum — f.  Porcinum,  Peucedanum 
— f.  Yulgare,  Anethum. 

FCENUGREEK.  Trigonella  foenum. 

FtENUM  CAMELORUM,  Juncus  odoratus— 
f.  (Jriocuin,  Trigonella  foenum. 

FCETAB'ULUM.  An  encysted  abscess.— Mar- 
cus Aurelius  Severinus. 

FCETAL,  Foeta'lis.  Eclating  to  the  foetus.  A 
name  given  to  the  parts  connected  with  the  fa-tus. 
Thus  we  say — the  futal  surface  of  the  placenta, 
in  contradistinction  to  the  uterine  or  inalernnl 
surface. 

FcETAL  CmcuLATiON  differs  from  that  of  the 
adult  in  several  respects.  Commencing  with  the 
placenta,  where  it  probably  undergoes  some  change 
analogous  to  what  occurs  in  the  lungs  in  extra- 


FCETATION 


3  99 


FOLLICULI    GRAAFIAXI 


uterine  existence,  the  blood  proceeds  by  the  um- 
bilical vein  m>  far  as  the  liver,  where  a  part  of  it  is 
poured  into  the  vena  porta;  the  otiier  proceeds  into 
the  vena  cava  inferior;  the  latter,  having;  received 
the  siiplirahepatic  veins,  pours  its  blood  into  the 
right  auricle.  From  the  right  auricle,  a  part  of 
the  blood  is  sent  into  the  right  ventricle;  the  rest 
jinsses  directly  through  into  the  left  auricle,  by 
the  foramen  ovale.  When  the  right  ventricle 
contracts,  the  blood  is  sent  into  the  pulmonary 
artery;  but  as  the  function  of  respiration  is  not 
going  on,  no  more  blood  passes  to  the  lungs  than 
is  necessary  for  their  nutrition;  the  remainder 
goes  directly  through  the  ductus  arteriosus  into 
the  aorta.  The  blood,  received  by  the  left  auricle 
from  the  lungs,  as  well  as  that  which  passed 
through  the  foramen  ovale,  is  transmitted  into 
the  left  ventricle;  by  the  contraction  of  which  it 
is  sent  into  the  aorta,  and  by  means  of  the  um- 
bilical arteries,  which  arise  from  the  hypogastric, 
it  is  returned  to  the  placenta. 

FcETAL  Hkad.  The  diameters  of  this  at  the 
full  period,  are  as  follows:—!.  The  nipanetal  or 
ti-aiiHcei-ne,  extending  from  one  parietal  protube- 
rance to  the  other,  and  measuring  3J  inches.  2. 
The  TempontI,  from  one  temple  to  another,  3 
inches.  3.  The  Occipito-mentnl,  from  the  occiput 
to  the  chin;  the  greatest  of  all,  5  inches.  4.  The 
Ocripitii-froutnl  or  (Uitero-ponterior,  4J  or  4i 
inches.  5.  The  Cervico-breymatic,  from  the  nape 
of  the  neck  to  the  centre  of  the  anterior  fonta- 
rclle.  6.  The  Froiito-meutal,  from  the  foreliead 
to  the  chin,  about  3^  inches.  7.  The  Tracheb,. 
hmjiiifillc,  from  the  front  of  the  neck  to  the  ante- 
rior fonumellc,  3J  inches.  8.  The  Vertical  rl!,i- 
meter,  from  the  verte.x  to  the  base  of  the  cranium. 

FfKTAL  NcTitiTioN,  Cyotrophy. 

FCETATION,  Pregnancy. 

FCE'TICIDE,  Fcrticid'iiim,  from  fcetiis,  and 
o«f/'/'e,  ' to  kill  ;'  Aljorticid'ium.  Criminal  abor- 
tion. 

FfRTIDUS,  Fetid. 

FCETOR,  Dysodia. 


FtKTOR  Alauum.    The  disagreeable  rank  odour 
exhaled  from  the  a.xillas. 

FfKTon  Oris,  Breath,  offensive. 

FCETUS,  Fetus,  C'l/e'ma,  Onun  reiitris,  Snr'cina. 
'  The  young  of  any  creature.'  The  unborn  child. 
(F.)  FetiiH,  Faix.  By  Kvnita,  C'ye'mn,  Jlippocrates 
meant  the  fecundated,  but  still  imperfect,  germ. 
It  corresponded  with  the  term  embrijo,  as  now 
used  ;  whilst  t^/Spuov, '  embryo,'  signified  the  fcetu.s 
at  a  more  advanced  stage  of  the  utero-gestation. 
The  majority  of  anatomists  apply  to  the  germ  the 
name  embnjo,  which  it  retains  until  the  third 
month  of  gestation,  and  with  some  until  the  pe- 
riod of  quickening;  whilst /w<»«  is  applied  to  it 
in  its  latter  stages.  The  terms  are,  however, 
often  used  indiscriminately.  AVhen  the  ovule 
has  been  fecundated  in  the  ovarium,  it  proceeds 
slowly  towards,  and  enters  the  uterus,  with  which 
it  becomes  ultimately  connected  by  means  of  the 
placenta.  When  first  seen,  the  'foetus  has  the 
form  of  a  gelatinous  flake,  which  some  have  com- 
pared to  an  ant,  a  grain  of  barley,  a  worm  curved 
upon  itself,  Ac.  The  foetal  increment  is  veiy 
rapid  in  the  first,  third,  fourth,  and  si.xth  months 
of  its  formation,  and  at  the  end  of  nine  njonths 
it  has  attained  its  full  dimensions — Enfant  ii 
teniie.  Generally,  there  is  but  one  foetus  in  utero  ; 
sometimes,  there  are  two;  rarely  three.  The 
foetus  presents  considerable  difference  in  its  shape, 
weight,  length,  situation  in  the  womb,  propor- 
tion of  its  various  parts  to  each  other,  arrange- 
ment and  texture  of  its  organs,  state  of  its  func- 
tions at  different  periods  of  gestation,  <fec.  Ail 
these  differences  are  important  in  an  obstetrical 
and  medico-legal  point  of  view.  The  following- 
table  exiiibits  the  length  and  weight  of  the  fcetus 
at  different  periods  of  gestation,  on  the  authority 
of  different  observers.  Their  discordance  is  stri- 
king. It  is  proper  to  remark,  that  the  Paris 
pound  —  Poicl  (le  Jl/nrc —  of  16  ounces,  contains 
9216  Paris  grains,  whilst  the  avoirduiiois  contains, 
only  8532,5  Paris  grains,  and  that  the  Paris  inch 
is  1.065977  English  inch. 


Maygrier. 


Granville. 


At  30  days, 
2  months, 
3 

4  " 

5  " 

6  " 

7  " 


Length. 


3  to  5  lines 
2    inches 
3*  " 

5  to  6    " 
7  to  9    " 
9  to  12  " 
12toU  " 
16  " 


10  to  12  lines 

4  inches 
6      " 

5  " 
10  " 
12  " 
14  " 
16      .' 


inch 
inches 


9  inches 
12      " 
17      " 


MArCRlER. 


Granville. 


Weight. 


2  ounces 
2  to  3       " 
4  to  5       " 
9  to  10     " 

1  to  2  lbs. 

2  to  3    " 

3  to  4    " 


9  or  10  grains 
5  drachms 
2i  ounces 
7  or  8  •' 
16  " 

2  pounds 
3 
4        " 


20  grains 
li  ounces 


1  pound 

2  to  4  " 
4  to  5  " 


FfETUS,   Pregnant  — f.   in   Foetu,    Cryptodidy- 
nius. 

FfETtis  Skptimics'tris.  a  seven  months' foetus. 

FiETi's  ZKpnvijitis,  M(de. 

F()lh\  Liver—/.  iV AniimnUie,  Oxidura  stibii 
siilphurrtmn- /.  de  Sonfre,  Potassae  sulphuretum. 

FOf.V  DE  CHAMEAU,  Juncus  odoratus. 

FOfROLE,  Mercurialis. 

FOM.y    APALACHINES,    see    Ilex    Para- 
giien-iis— f.  PerasiUio,  Ilex  Parajruensis. 

FOLI.VCEUM    ORNAMENTUM,    see    Tuba 
FalliMMiina. 

FOLIE,  Insanity^^/*.  Alcooliqiifi,  Delirium  tre- 
nie!t«— ■/'  din  frroi/iicn.  Delirium  tremens. 

FOLLETTE,  Atriplex  hortensis.  Influenza. 

FOL'LICLK,  Fidlic'iiliia,  Ci/stia,  diminutive  of 
Fidlis.  a  bag.     See  Crypta. 

Foi.i.ii'LKS.  Ciliary.  IMcibomius,  glands  of 

i".  of  De  Graaf,  FoUiculi  Graaliaui  —  f.  Hair,  see 


Hair  —  f.  of  Lieberkiihn,  see  Intestine  — f.  Nail, 
see  Nail  — f.  Palpebral.  Meibomius,  glands  of 
—  f.  Solitary,  Brunner's  glands— f.  Synovial, 
Bursas  mucosse. 

FOLLICULAR,  FnUic'tdous,  FulUc'uloxe,  Fol- 
Jiculo'xu^,  (F.)  FulliculeKx,  from  'follicle.'  Re- 
lating or  appertaining  to  a  follicle,— as  'fo/Hodar 
inflammation,'  inflammation  affectinjr  crvnts  or 
follicles,  Fo/licdi'tix.  °       •^' 

Follicular  Elevations,  Tubercles,  pearly. 

FOLLiaULE,  Crypta--/.  Ciliaire,  Meibotnius, 
gland  of—/,  ('enmineiixe,  Ceruminous  glands  — 
f.  Dentmre,  Dental  follicle—/.  Palpebral,  Meibo- 
mius, glands  of. 

FOLLWULES  DE  (7^^^/;  Folliculi  Graaf- 
ian i. 

FOLLICULI  GRAAFIA'NI,  F.  Orrt'rH,  Ora 
seu  O'vnh,  Granfin'nn,  Folliclen  of  Vesh-les  of  Be 
Gracif,  Graajian  or   Ova'riaii   vea'kks,  {¥.)' Fol~ 


FOLLICULITIS 


400 


FORAMEN 


licules  ou  Venlcules  de  Graaf.  Small  sphericjil 
vesicles  in  the  stroma  of  the  ovary,  which  have 
nt  least  two  coats  ;  the  outer  termed  ocicapmde 
and  ttiiiic  of  the  ovieac,  tu'nica  fibro'sa  and  thcca 
fitllic'uli ;  the  latter,  ovisac  and  memhrn'iia  pro- 
pi-i'a ;  reiicnle  ovulifere  of  M.  Pouchet.  See 
Membrana  granulosa.  They  exist  in  the  foetus. 
The  ovum  —  ovule  of  some  —  is  contained  in,  and 
formed  by,  them. 

Kolliker  terms  the  follicles  themselves,  O'vhncs, 
Ovkac'ci.  The  interior  of  the  follicles  contains 
a  cl  ar,  light  yellowish  fluid — liquor fidlic'nli — of 
the  density  of  the  serum  of  the  blood,  in  which 
are,  almost  always,  isolated  granules,  nuclei  and 
cells,  which  appear  to  be  detached  portions  of  the 
membrana  granulosa. 

FoLLicuLi  Ovarii,  FoUiculi  Graafian!  —  f.  Ro- 
tundi  et  Oblongi  cervicis  uteri,  Nabothi  glandulsB 
— f.  Sanguinis.  Globules  of  the  blood — f.  Sebacei, 
Sebaceous  glands  —  f.  Sebacei  corona  glandis, 
see  Sebiiceous  glands. 

FOLLICULITIS,  Follicular  inflammation. 
FOLLICULOSK  GLAND,  Crypta. 
FOLLICULUS,  Vulva. 

FoLLic'uLiTS  A'eius,  AI r-chnmher.  A  space  at 
the  larger  end  of  the  bird's  egg,  formed  by  a  se- 
paration of  the  two  layers  of  the  shell  membrane, 
vphich  is  inservient  to  the  respiration  of  the  young 
being. 

FoLLicuLDS  Dentis,  Dental  Follicle — f.  Fellis, 
Gall-bladder — f.  Genitalis,  Scrotum — f.  Mucosus, 
see  Cry|)ta — f.  Pili,  see  Hair. 

FOMENT,  Fove're,  (F.)  Etnver, Bassiner.  To 
apply  a  fomentation  to  a  part. 

FOMENTA'TION,  Fomenta'tio,  Fotwi,  Py'ria, 
Thernias'nici,  Chliiis'nia,  jJSoiie'sis,  Per/n'sio,  As- 
jier'aio,  Fomeu'tum,  (quasi /ou('me»/inH,)  from /o- 
vere,  'to  bathe.'  (F.)  HydroU,  Ihjdrolotif.  A 
sort  of  partial  bathing,  by  the  application  of 
cloths  which  have  been  previously  dipped  in  hot 
water,  or  in  some  medicated  decoction.  They 
act,  chiefly,  by  virtue  of  their  warmth  and  mois- 
ture, except  in  the  case  of  narcotic  fomentations, 
where  some  additional  efi"ect  is  obtained. 

A  dfji  foiiieittdtion,  Fomeu'tum  eiccum,  Lec'tnhts 
medlca'tus,  is  a  warm,  dry  application  to  a  part ; 
—  as  a  hot  brick,  wrapped  in  flannel;  —  a  bag, 
half  filled  with  chamomile  flowers  made  hot,  &e. 
Fomentation  Herbs,  HerhcB  pro  fotu.  The 
herbs,  ordinarily  sold  under  this  title  by  the  Eng- 
lish apothecary,  are  —  soutJierntoood,  topn  of  nea 
wor/nwood,  ehnmomile  floicern,  each  two  parts;  hoy 
leaves,  one  part.  Jiijss  of  these  to  Ovj  of  water. 
FOMENTUM,  Fomentation  —  f.  Siccum,  see 
Fomentation. 

FOMES  MORBL  F.  mali.  The/ocws  or  seat 
of  any  disease.     (F.)   Foyer. 

FoMEs  Vkntriculi,  Hypochondriasis,  Spleen. 
FOM'ITES,  plural  ot  fomes,  fomitis,  'fuel,  any 
thing  which  retains  heat.'     Eudus'ma,  Zop'yron. 
A  term  applied  to  substances  which  are  supposed 
to  retain  contagious  effluvia j  as  woollen  goods, 
feathers,  cotton,  &e. 
FONCTIOy,  Function. 
FONCTIONNEL,  FunctionaL 
FOND,  Fundus. 

FOXDAMENTAL,  FundamentaL 
FONDANT,  Solvent. 
FONDE.VENT,  Anus. 
FONDLING,  Idiot. 
FONGIFORME,  Fungoid. 
FONGOJDE,  Yangoxd. 
FONGOSITE,  Fungosity. 
FONGUEUX,  Fungous. 
FOXGUS,  Fungus—/.  MiduUaire,  Encepha- 
loid. 


FONS,  Fontanella  —  f.  Lacrj-marum,  see  Can- 
thus — f.  Medicatus,  Water,  mineral  — t.  I'lil.-ians, 
Fontanella  —  f.  Pulsatilis,  Fontanclhi — f.  Saluta- 
ris.  Water,  mineral  —  f  Soterius,  Water,  mineral 
— f.  Vitalis,  Centrum  vitale. 

FONSANGE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP. 
Fonsange  is  situated  near  Nismes  iu  France. 
The  water  is  sulpiiuretteJ. 
FONTAINE  DE  LA  T^TE,  see  Fontanella. 
FONTA'NA,  CANAL  OF.  A  canal  of  a  tri- 
angular  shape,  at  tlie  inner  side  of  the  ciliary 
circle;  partly  formed  by  tlio  groove  at  the  inner 
edges  of  the  cornea  and  sclerotica. 

FONTANEL'LA.  A  /o/i/fuif/ ;— diminutive 
of  foiis,  fontis,  'a  fountain.'  (F.)  Foutuuetle, 
Fous,  F.  jjulsat'ilis  seu  ptilsaus,  Vertex  put', 
pitatis,  Bregma,  Foiitlc'ulus,  Lacu'nri,  Mould, 
The  opeuiuf/  of  the  head.  A  name,  given  to  a 
space  occupied  by  a  cartilaginous  membrane,  in 
the  foetus  and  new-born  child,  and  situate  at  tlie 
union  of  the  angles  of  the  bones  of  the  cranium. 
There  are  six  fontanels.  1.  The  yreat  or  siiivip'. 
itfd  or  anterior,  foutie'uhts  (juddraui/uld'rin,  Fuu- 
tniue  de  la  Tete,  situate  at  the  junction  of  tlie 
sagittal  and  coronal  sutures.  2.  The  iiiu(dl  ur 
bregmat'ic  or  posterior,  situate  at  the  (lart  wliere 
the  posterior  and  superior  angles  of  the  parietal 
bones  unite  with  the  upper  part  of  the  os  occi- 
pitis.  3.  The  tioo  sphen<iid<d,  in  the  temporal 
fossaj ;  and,  4.  Tiie  two  mastoid,  or  of  Casseriu.'", 
Foutic'uli  masto'ides  seu  Casse'ril,  at  the  uniou 
of  the  parietal,  occipital,  and  temporal  bones. 

FONTE,  Colliquation. 

FONTES,  see  Fons— f.  Medicati  Plumbnrii, 
Plomhieres,  mineral  waters  of — f.  Sulphurci  ea- 
lidi,  Waters,  mineral,  sulphureous. 

FONTWULE  A  POJS,  see  Fonticulus. 

FONTIC'ULUS,  Foutanel'la,  Exato'rium,  Ea-'- 
utory.  Issue,  (F.)  Fontieule,  Cautere,  Exntoire. 
Diminutive  of  fous,  fontis,  'a  fountain.'  A  sniall 
ulcer  produced  by  art,  either  by  the  aid  of  caus- 
tics or  of  cutting  instruments;  the  discharge  frnin 
which  is  kept  up  with  a  view  to  fulfil  ceiiiiin  tbe- 
rapeutical  indications.  The  Pea  isnue,  (F.)  Fnu- 
ticnle  u  puis,  is  kept  up  by  mean.s  of  a  pen,  placed 
in  it.  This  pea,  (F.)  Pais  d  cautere,  is  sometimes 
formed  of  wa.K ;  at  others,  the  young,  blasted 
fruit  of  the  orange  is  employed.  The  coniumn 
dried  garden  pea  answers  the  purpose.  The  seion 
is  also  an  issue. 

Fonticulus  Casserii,  see  Fontanella — f.  Mas- 
toideus,  see  Fontanella  —  f.  Quadrangularis,  see 
Fontanella. 

FOOD,  Aliment — f.  Farinaceous,  see  Farina- 
ceous—f.  of  the  Gods,  Asafoetida. 

Food,  Prince  of  Wales's.  A  farinaceous  pre- 
paration, which  is  used  in  the  same  cases  as  ar- 
row-root, is  said  to  consist  entirely  of  potato- 
flour. 

FOOL'S  STONES,  MALE,  Orchis  mascula 

FOOT,  Pes- f.  Flat,  see  Kyllosis— f.  (Jrift'on's, 
Grvphius  pes. 

FOOTLING  CASE.  A  presentation  of  the  foot 
or  feet  in  parturition. 

FORA'MEN,  Trema,  from  foro,  'I  pierce.' 
Aulos,  (F.)  Trou.  Any  cavity,  pierced  through 
and  through.     Also,  the  orifice  of  a  canal. 

Foramen  Alveolare  Anterius,  see  Palatine 
canals^f.  Alveolare  posterius,  see  Palatine  caniils 
—  f.  Amplum  pelvis,  Obturatoriuni  foramen — f. 
Anonymum  Ferroinii,  see  Aquaaductus  Fallnpii 
— f.  Aquaeductus  Fallopii,  F.  stylomastoideum  — 
f.  Auditorium  externum,  see  Auditory  canal,  ex- 
ternal—  f.  Auditorium  internum,  sec'  Anditury 
canal,  internal — f.  of  15ichat,  see  Canal,  arachnoid 
— f.  of  Botal,  see  Botal  foramen — f.  C;ecum  ossis 
maxillaris  superioris,  see  Palatine  canals. 

Foramen  Ciscum  of  tue  Medul'la  Oblox- 


FORATIO 


401 


FORMICA 


OATA  or  of  ViCQ.  p'Azyr;  (Fr.)  Tron  hovfjne.  A 
tolcralily  deep  fossa  at  the  point^where  the  me- 
dian furrow  at  the  anterior  surface  of  the  me- 
dulla oblongata  meets  the  pons. 

FoiiAMEN  C/KCUM  OP  THE  ToNGUR,  See  Caecum 
foramen,  and  Tongue  —  f.  Carotid,  see  Carotica 
foramina. 

Foka'men  Ckntra'lb  et  Limbus  Lu'teus  Ket'- 
l\M.  The  central  foramen  and  yellow  spot  of  the 
retina;  discovered  by  Somraeriiig ;  3fac'ula  lu'- 
tea,  JIava  sou  an'rea,  (F.)  1'aclie  jnnne.  It  is 
situate  about  two  lines  to  the  outside  of  the  optic 
nerve,  and  in  the  direction  of  the  axis  of  the  eye. 

FoiiAMEN  Commune  Antekh's,  Vulva — f.  Com- 
rnune  posterius,  see  Anus — f.  Condyloid,  see  Con- 
dyloid— f.  Conjugationis,  see  Conjugation — f.  Eth- 
moideum,  Orbitar  foramen,  internal— f.  Incisivuin, 
pee  Palatine  canal  —  f.  Infraorbitarium,  eeo  Sub- 
orbitar  canal  —  f.  Infrapubianum,  Obturatorium 
foramen — f.  Jugulare,  Laceruin  posterius  foramen 

—  f.  Lacerum  in  basi  cranii,  Lacerum  posterius 
foramen — f.  Lacerum  inferius,  Sphenomaxillary 
fissure  —  f.  Laceruin  superius,  Sphenoidal  fissure 
— f.  Magnum,  see  Occipital  bone — f.  Mastoid,  see 
Mastoid  foramen — f.  Mental,  see  Mental  foramen. 

Foramen  of  Monro,  Fora'meit  Mmiroia'num. 
An  opening  behind  the  anterior  pillar  of  the  for- 
nix, somewhat  above  the  anterior  commissure, 
by  which  the  third  ventricle  communicates  with 
the  lateral  ventricle;  so  callt^d  after  the  second 
Monro. 

Foramen  op  Morgagni,  see  CiBcum  foramen 
and  Tongue — f.  Obturatorium,  Obturator  foramen 

—  f.  Oculi,  Pupil  —  f.  ffisophageum  (of  the  dia- 
phragm,) see  ffisophagus,  and  (Esophageal  aper- 
ture of  the  diaphragm  —  f.  Oodes,  Ovale  foramen 

—  f.  Opticum,  Optic  foramen  —  f.  Opticum  Cho- 
rioidcic,  see  Optic  nerves  —  f.  Orbitarium  inter- 
num, Orbitar  foramen,  internal  —  f.  Orbitarium 
superius,  Orbitar  foramen,  sufierior,  F.  supra- 
oriiitarium  —  f.  Ovale,  Eotal  foramen.  Fenestra 
ovalis,  Obturatorium  foramen,  Ovale  foramen — f. 
Ovale,  patency  of  the,  see  Cyanopathy — f.  Pala- 
tinum  anterius,  sec  Palatine  canals — f.  Palatinum 
posterius,  see  Palatine  canals  —  f.  Pabito-maxil- 
laro,  sec  Palatine  canals — f.  Rotuiidutn,  Fenestra 
rotunda — f.  Spheno-spinosum,  Spinale  foramen  — 
f.  Spinale,  Spinal  foramen — f.  Spinosnm,  Spinal 
foramen  —  f.  Tarini,  see  Aquasduetus  Fallopii  — 
f.  Thyroideum,  Obturatorium  foramen  —  f.  of 
Winslow,  Hiatus  of  Winslow. 

Foramina  Cribrosa,  see  Cribratus. 

Foram'ina  Thebe'.sii.  Openings  resembling 
vascular  orifices,  found  below  the  orilice  of  the 
vena  cava  superior  in  the  right  auricle,  wiiich  are 
supposed  to  be  the  openings  of  veins. 

FORATIO,  Trepanning. 

FORCE,  from/o/7i"«,  'strong.'  Vis,  Poten'tia, 
Enerji'a,  Di/'iiamis,  Cratos.  Any  power  which 
produces  an  action.  Those  powers  \yhich  are  in- 
herent in  organization  are  called  vital  force/i.  We 
say,  also,  or</nnic  force,  and  niHScitlar  force,  to 
designate  that  of  the  organs  in  general,  or  of  the 
muscles  in  particular.  To  the  latter  the  word 
Bi/nnniis,  fwa/in,  corresponds;  and  the  absence  of 
this  force  is  termed  ndtjna'mia.  The  ritnl  forcex 
have  to  be  carefully  studied  by  the  pathologist. 
The  doctrine  of  diseases  is  greatly  dependent  on 
their  augmentation  or  diminution;  freedom  or 
oppression,  <fec. 

FoROE  OP  AssiMiiiATiON,  Plastic  force — f.  Cata- 
lytic, see  Catalysis— f.  Cell,  see  Cell  force— f.  of 
Formation,  Plastic  force  —  f.  Germ,  Plastic  force 
— /.  Medicatrice,  Vis  mcdioatrix  —  f.  Metabolic, 
see  Metabolic  force — f.  of  Nutrition,  Plastic  force 
— f.  Osmotic,  see  Osmotic  force — f.  of  Vegetation, 
Plastic  force— f.  Vital,  Vis  vitalis— /.  Vitale,  Vis 
vital  is. 

FORCE-REAL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
26 


The  name  of  a  mountain,  situate  four  leagncs 
from  Perpignan  in  France.  The  water  is  chaly- 
beate. 

FORCEPS,  quasi, /erricep*,  from  ferriim, '  iron,' 
and  cnpio,  'I  take.'  Pincem,  Lahig,  Vohel'tas. 
An  instrument,  for  removing  bodies  which  it 
would  be  inconvenient  or  impracticable  to  seize 
with  the  fingers.  (F.)  Pince,  Pincette.  There 
are  various  kinds  of  forceps,  L  The  ordinary 
kind,  contained  in  every  dressing-case,  for  re- 
moving lint,  &c.  from  wounds  or  ulcers.  (F.)  Pin- 
ce (I  panseineiit  oil  et  ainieaiix.  2.  Disxecting  or 
Li(l'<iture  or  Arte' rial  Forccpn,  (F.)  Pince  a  tlii- 
aection,  P.  a  tii/atnre,  to  lay  bold  of  delicate  part>. 
3.  Pol'ypns  Forcepn.  Tooth  Forcepn,  Forcepn  if 
StuHeujc  for  laying  hold  of  the  tonsils  or  other 
parts  to  bo  removed.  4.,  The  Bullet  Forccj,i, 
Strombnl'cHK,  (F.)  Tirehalle.  5.  The  Lithot'tmnj 
Forceps,  Litliol'ahon,  Lilliago'ijinn,  Tenac'n/o, 
Vohel'la,  which  resembles  the  Craniotomy  For. 
ccps,  (F.)  Tenettes.  6.  The  Cataract  Force/is,  (F. ) 
Pince  d  Cataracte,  resembling  the  dissecting  for- 
ceps, but  much  finer.  7.  The  Pince  a  r/aine,  tlie 
branches  of  which  can  l)e  brought  together,  an. I 
retained  by  a  movable  sheath. 

Forceps  is  also  an  instrument  used  by  obstetri- 
cal practitioners  to  embrace  the  head,  and  bring 
it  through  the  pelvis.  It  consists  of  two  brancher, 
blades  or  levers  ;  one  of  which,  in  the  case  of  tbij 
short  forceps,  is  passed  over  the  ear  of  the  chihi, 
and  the  other  opposite  the  former,  so  that  the 
blades  may  lock.  When  the  head  is  securel}'  in- 
cluded between  the  blades,  the  operation  of  ex- 
traction can  be  commenced.     See  Parturition. 

Forceps,  see  Corpus  callosum — f.  Anterior,  see 
Corpus  callosum  —  f.  Arterial,  see  Forceps  —  t'. 
Bullet,  sec  Forceps  —  f.  Craniotomy,  see  Forceps 
—  f.  Deceptoria,  see  Forceps  —  f.  Lithotomy,  see 
Forceps — f.  of  Museux,  see  Forceps — f.  Polypus, 
see  Forceps— f.  Tooth,  see  Forceps. 

FORD'S  BALSAM  OF  IIOREHOUND,  see 
Balsam  of  horehound. 

FOREARM,  Antibra'chinm,  Pyrpne,  Parsinfc'- 
rior  bra'chii,  (Jn'hitus,  (F.)  Avaut-braa.  The  part 
of  the  upper  extremity,  comprised  between  the 
arm  and  the  hand.  It  is  composed  of  two  bones 
— radins  and  n/na — and  20  muscles. 

FOREFRONT,  Front. 

FO  HE  HE  AD,  Front. 

FORE-MILK,  Colostrum. 

FOREIGN  BODY.  Extraneous  body. 

FORENSIC  ANATOMY,  see  Anatomy  — f. 
Medicine,  Medicine,  legal. 

FOBES,  Genital  organs. 

FORESKIN,  Prepuce. 

FORETOP,  Front. 

FOllFEX,  Ciseau,  Scissors — f.  Dentaria,  Den- 
tagra. 

FORFIC'ULA  AURICULA'RIA.  Eanrifj.  An 
insect  of  the  Order  Orthoptera,  which  occasion- 
ally enters  the  meatus  auditorius  externus,  an.il 
excites  inten.s'e  pain.  It  may  be  destroyed  by 
tobacco-smoke,  or  by  oil  poured  into  the  meatus. 

FORGES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Forges 
is  situate  four  leagues  from  Gouriiay,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Seine  Inferieure,  France.  Ther« 
are  three  springs,  which  are  acidulous  ehaly- 
beates.  These  are  called  Royal,  Reinette,  and  Cur- 
dittal,  in  honor  of  Louis  XIIL,  Queen  Anne  <f 
Austria,  and  Cardinal  Richelieu,  who  used  them. 

FORMATIVE,  Plastic. 

FOR.Mr(LA,  Jfyrmcjc.  The  ant  or  pismire. 
(F.)  Foiirmi.  It  contains  an  acid  juice  and  gross 
oil,  which  were  formerly  extolled  as  aphrodisiacs. 
The  chrysalides  of  the  animal  are  said  to  be 
diuretic  and  carminative:  and  have  been  used  in 
dropsy.  2.  Also  the  name  of  a  black  wart,  rcr- 
rii'cn  formica'ritr,  with  a  broad  base  and  cleft 
surface;  so  called  because  the  pain  atteuding  it 


FORMICANT 


402 


FOSSETTE 


resembles  the  biting  of  an  ant,  ixvpiinnta,  myrvie'-  i 
c/n.-  -Forestus.     3.  A   varico.^e    tumour  on    the 
anus  and  glans  penis.     4.  Miliary  lierpes. 

Formica  Ambulatoria,  Herpes  circinatus  — 
f.  Corrosiva,  Herpes  exedens. 

FORM'ICANT,  Formi'cam,  Myrme'chnn,  from 
fonnlc'i,  'an  ant.'  (F.)  Fonniiillaiit.  An  epi- 
thet given  to  the  pulse,  I'ulxas  formi'vans,  when 
extremely  small,  scarcely  perceptible,  unequal, 
and  communicating  a  sensation  like  that  of  the 
motion  of  an  ant  through  a  thin  texture. 

FORMICA'TION,  Fnrmicn'tio,  Mi/rmeeia-!'- 
miiH,  ilijnneci'iiiiig,  Myrmecia'nius,  3f}/rmec<t'niii, 
Stupor  furml'caiix.  Same  etymon.  (F.)  Fonr- 
miHeiiioit.  A  pain,  compared  with  that  which 
would  be  caused  by  a  number  of  ants  creeping 
on  a  part. 

FORMIX,  Herpes  esthiomenus. 
FORMULA,   Prescription — f.  Extemporanea, 
see  Magistral  —  f.  Magistralis,  see  Magistral— f. 
Medica,  Prescription  —  f.  Officinalis,  see  Magis- 
tral. 

FORM'ULARY,  Formula' rimn,  Nartlie'cin, 
Nnrthc'ciam,  Nnrthex.  From  foniinlnrinH,  (di- 
minutive of  /orm((,  'form').  One  skilled  in  pre- 
paring writs  or  forms  of  process. — Quintilian.  A 
collection  of  medical  formulae  or  receipts. 
FOHMULE,  Prescription. 
FORMYL,  PERCHLORIDE  OF.  Chloro- 
form. 

FORMYLE,  lOnURE  DE,  Iodoform. 
FORNIX,  'an  arch  or  vault.'     F.  cer'ehri  neii 
trUdt'crim    seu   tricKspidit'lh,  Psnlis,  Pnalid'iiim, 
fJiim'era,  Tettn'do  cer'ebri,  Arcun  vieduJIn'ris.  (F.) 
Trigone   cerebral — (Ch..)   Voflte   d    troin  2)iliern, 
Trianyle  Mednllnire.     A  medullary  body  in   the 
brain,  below  the  corpus  callnsum  and  above  the 
middle  ventricle,  on  the  median  line.    This  body, 
which  is  carved  upon  itself,  terminates  anteriorly 
by  a  prolongation,  which  constitutes  its  anterior 
pillar.    Cms  seu    Cohim'na  forni'cis,   (F.)  Pilier 
anterieur,  and  posteriorly  by  two  simihir  prolon- 
gations,   called   posterior  pillars  or   crura.     See 
Achic<dura,  and  Vault. 
Fornix  CKnf:niu,  Fornix. 
FORNPECKLES,  Ephelides. 
FORPEX.  Scissors. 
FORRET,  Front, 

FORSTERA'NIA  DIFFORM'TS,  Erhi'tes  dif- 
forin'is   seu    pnher'nla;    indigenous:    Ord.   Apo- 
cynacesB  ;  is  said  to  be  used  as  a  wash  with  milk 
to  remove  freckles.     The  juice  destroys  warts. 
FORTlFfAiVT.  Corroborant.  Tonic. 
FORTH  A  ITURE,  Hysteralgia. 
FORTYKNOT,  Achyranthes  repens. 
FOSS.A,   Fo'rea,   from   fodio,  fossnm,  'I   dig.' 
Scainmn.     A  cavity  of  greater  or  less  depth,  the 
entrance  to  which  is  always  larger  than  the  base. 
The  fosfoe  of  bones  have  been  called  simple,  when 
they  belong   to  one   bone   only,  as   the   parietal 
fosscB;    and    compound,     (F.)     Fosnes    composees. 
when   several  concur  in   their  formation,  as   the 
orbitar  fosstr,  temporal  fossa;,  <fec. 

Fossa,  AMVe'DALom,  Amr/r/'daloid  e.rcnra'tion. 
The  space  between  the  anterior  and  posterior 
pillars  of  the  fauces,  which  is  occupied  by  the 
tonsils. 

Fossa  Ajiyk't,*.  A  kind  of  bandaee,  used  in 
fractures  of  the  nose;  so  called,  by  (Jalen,  from 
Amyntas  of  Rhodes,  its  inventor.  It  consisted 
of  a  long  band,  applied  round  the  head,  the  turns 
of  which  crossed  at  the  root  of  the  nose. 
Fossa  Canina,  Canine  fossa. 
Fossa  Cerkbri/lt,  (F.)  Fosse  cerebelleuse.  The 
inferior  occipital  fossa,  which  lodges  the  corre- 
eponding  portion  of  the  cerebellum. 

Fossa  Couona'lis,  Coro'nal  or  frontal  fossa. 
A  depression  on  the  orbitar  plate  of  the  frontal 


or  coronal  bone,  which  supports  the  anterior  lobe 
of  the  brain.    , 

Fossa  Coronoi'dea,  Cor' otioid  fossa.  A  cavity 
before  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  liuiueriis,  in 
which  the  coronoid  process  of  the  ulna  is  engaged 
during  the  flexion  of  the  forearm. 

Fossa  Cotvloidka,  see  Cotyloid. 

Fossa,  Digas'tric,  Fossa  diyas'triea.  A  deep 
groove  on  the  mastoid  portion  of  tlie  teiiiporid 
bone,  which  gives  origin  to  the  digastric  Miu.-ide. 

Fossa  Ethmoida'lis,  Ethmoid  fossa.  A  .shal- 
low gutter  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  cribri- 
form plate  of  the  ethmoid  bone,  in  which  id 
lodged  the  expanded  portion  of  the  olfactory 
nerves. 

Fossa  Gentt,  Poples. 

Fossa  Guttura'lis,  Gut'tural  fossa.  The  de- 
pression which  forms  the  guttural  region  of  the 
base  of  the  cranium,  between  the  foramen  mag- 
num and  posterior  nares. 

Fossa  Hyaloirea,  see  Hyaloid  (Fossa)  — f. 
Iliac,  see  Iliac  fossae  —  f.  Infra-orbitar,  Ciniine 
fossa — f.  Infra-spinous,  see  Infra-spinata  fos.sn. 

Fossa  Innomina'ta.  The  space  between  the 
helix  and  antihelix  of  the  ear. 

Fossa,  Ischio-reotal,  Perineal  fossa  —  f  Jii- 
gularis.  Jugular  fossa  —  f.  Lacrymalis,  Lachry- 
mal fossa — f  Lenticularis,  see  Hyaloid  nieiiilMinio 
—  f.  Magna  Muliebris,  Vulva  —  f.  Magna  Sylvii, 
Fissura  Sylvii.      , 

Fossa,  Mental,  Fossa  menta'Us.  A  small  do. 
pression  on  each  side  of  the  symphysis  on  tin 
anterior  surface  of  the  body  of  the  maxilla  infe- 
rior, for  the  attachment  of  muscles. 

Fossa  Navicularis,  Navicular  fossa. 

Fossa  Occipita'ms,  Occip'itid  fossa.  The 
occii)ital  fossPB  are  four  in  number:  the  superior 
or  cerebrid,  and  the  inferior  or  cerebellous.  They 
are  separated  by  a  groove,  which  lodges  the  late- 
ral sinus. 

Fossa  Ovalts,  see  Ovalis  fossa  —  f.  Palntinn, 
Palate — f  Patellaris,  see  Hyaloid  nienibrnne — f. 
Perinaei,  Perineal  fossa — f.  Pituitaria,  Sella  Tur- 
cica. 

Fossa  Poplite'a,  PopUte'al  fossa.  The  hol- 
low of  the  ham  ; — the  popliteal  region. 

Fossa,  Portal,  see  Liver — f.  Scaphoides,  Na- 
vicularis fossa. 

Fossa  SigmoiDEA.  Sulcus  sinfis  latem'tis.  A 
broad  deep  groove  on  the  inner  surface  of  the 
mastoid  portion  of  the  tempor.al  bone,  which 
supports  part  of  the  lateral  sinus. 

Fossa,  Suborbitar,  Canine  fossa. 

Fossa,  SunPYRAin'inAL,  F.  subpuramida'lis.  A 
deep  fossa  under  the  pyramid  and  behind  the  fe- 
nestra rotunda  in  the  middle  ear,  remarkal)le  fir 
its  constancy,  and  pierced  by  several  foramina  at 
the  bottom. 

Fossa  SnpRA-spnENOiDALis,  Pituitaria  fossa — 
f.  of  Sylvius,  Fissure  of  S.  —  f  Tetii|inraliF, 
Temporal  fossa — f.  Transversa,  see  Liver — f. 
Umbilicalis,  see  Liver. 

Foss^  Cerebra'les,  Cer'ebral  fossa.  Fossas 
or  excavations  at  the  base  of  the  cranium.  Tliey 
are  nine  in  number:  three  occupy  the  median 
line,  find  three  are  placed  at  each  side.  They  aro 
distinguished  into  anterior,  middle,  and  posterior. 

Foss>:  UiGiTALES.  see  Impression. 
FOSSE    BASILAIRE,    Basilary    fossa--/. 
Sous-epineuse,    Infra-spinata    fossa — /.  Sus-epi- 
neuse,  Fossa  supra-spinata. 

FOSSES  CONDYLO'IDIENNES,  Condyln- 
idea  foramina — ■/.  Nasales,  Ouvertures posterieiircs 
des,  Nares.  posterior. 

FOSSETTE  (F).  Diminutive  of /««»».  Scm- 
bic.'ulus,  Doth'rion.  Several  depressions  are  fo 
called.  A  d imp/led  chin,  Fossette  dn  menlon,  con- 
sists in  a  slight  depression,  which  certain  per.'o'is 
have  on  the  chin.     2.  A  dimjtU  of  the  check,  (F.J 


FOSSETTE 


403 


FR.ENUM 


Fdiix'tte  des  joues,  a  depression  which  occurs  on 
tlie  checks  of  certain  persons  when  they  hiugh. 
Srrobic'ulut  cordis,  Anticar'dioti,  Fycp.cor'dimn, 
(F.)  FotHetle  du  caeitr.  The  depression  observed 
on  a  level  with  the  xiphoid  cartilage  at  the  ante- 
rior and  inferior  part  of  the  chest.  It  is,  also, 
called  pit  <>/  the  stomach,  (F.)  Creux  de  I'cstomac. 

FOSSETTE,  Fos'sula,  A'naUs,  Bothrinm,  is 
also  a  small  ulcer  of  the  transparent  cornea,  the 
centre  of  which  is  deep. 

FOSSETTE  ANGULAIRE  DU  QUATRI- 
EME  VENTRICULE,  Calamus  scriptorius— /. 
du  Cieur,  Scrobiculus  cordis. 

FOSSOKIUM,  Fleam. 

FOSSULA,  Argema,  Fossa,  Foasettc,  Fovea. 

FOTIIERGILL'S  PILLS,  see  Pilulie  aloes  et 
colocynthidis. 

FOTUS,  Fomentation — f.  Communis,  Decoctum 
papaveris. 

FOU,  Insane. 

FOUETS,  Sempervivum  tectorura. 

FOUGEItE  DOUCE,  Polypodium  — /.  Fe- 
melle,  Asplenium  filix  foeraina,  Pteris  aquilina — 
/.  Grande,  Pteris  aquilina—/.  Male,  Polypodium 
filix  mas. 

FOUL  DISEASE,  Syphilis. 

FOU  LURK,  Sprain. 

FOUNDLING  HOSPITAL,  Brephotrnpheum. 

FOURCIIE,  (F.),  fourche,  'cleft;'  irom  funa, 
'a  fork.'  Aposle'ma  Phalan'ijiiiii.  A  French 
provincial  terra  for  small  abscesses  which  form  on 
the  fingers  and  hands  of  working  people.  Also, 
an  instrument,  invented  by  M.  J.  L.  Petit,  for 
compressing  the  ranine  artery  in  cases  of  hemor- 
rhage from  that  vessel. 

FOURGHETTE',  diminutive  of  fourche, 
Fureil'ln,  a  little  fork,  Fur'cida.  A  surgical 
instrument  used  for  raising  and  supporting  the 
tongue,  during  the  operation  of  dividing  the 
frfonuin. 

Fonrehetie,  in  anatomy,  is,  1.  The  posterior 
commissure  of  the  labia  raajora,  called  also,  Era- 
111(111,  Fra'niilttm  puden'di,  Fnr'culn  Ldbio'riim; 
2.  The  cartiliigo  ensiformis:  so  called  from  its 
b'!ing  sometimes  cleft  like  a  fork.  Also,  the 
semilunar  notch  at  the  superior  or  clavicular 
extremity  of  the  sternum. 

FOUn.irr.  Formica. 

FOURMILLANT,  Forraicant 

FO Un MIL LEMEN T,  Form ication. 

FOUSEL  OIL,  see  Oil,  fusel. 

FO'VKA, — diminutive,  Fove'o/a, — from  fodio, 
'I  dig.'  [V]  Bothros.  A  slight  depression.  Eos'- 
sida.  The  ptideiiditm  mnliebre;  see  Vulva.  The 
/o««n  iiaricdaris.  A  vapour-bath  for  the  lower 
extremities. 

FovKA  Axillaris,  Axilla  — f.  Elliptiea,  see 
Crista  Vestibuli  —  f.  Hemisphaeriea,  see  Crista 
Vestibuli  — f.  Lacrymalis,  Lachrymal  fossa — f. 
Onili,  Orbit  — f.  Ovalis,  Ovalis  fossa  — f.  Semi- 
elliptica.  see  Crista  Vestibuli— f.  Sulciformis,  see 
Crista  Vestibuli. 
FOVEOLA,  Fovea.  > 

FOWER.  Syncope. 
FOXHKRRY,  Arbutus  uva  ursi. 
FOXGLOVE,  Digitalis. 
FO  VE/i.  Foines  morbi. 
FRACTIOSNEMENT,  Segmentation. 
FRACTURA,    Fracture  — f.   Dentis,    Odonto- 
clasis. 

r  RACTURE,  Fnictn'ra,  from  frangere,  frac- 
t'lni,  'to  break,'  'bruise.'  Cntnf/'ma,  C.  Fractu'ra,  I 
Cdlax'ls,  C/'iKis,  Olaumn,  Agme,  Agma,  Diar''- 
rhmiK  A  solution  of  continuity  in  a  bone,  Os- 
tenc'lmln.  A  simple  fracture  is  when  the  bone 
only  is  divided.  A  compound  fracture  is  a  divi- 
sion of  the  heme  with  a  wound  of  the  integuments 
cummunioatiiig  with  the  bone,— the  bonCj^indeed,  ! 


generally  protruding.  In  a  com' minuted  fracture, 
Alphite'  don,  aX(ptTri6ov,  Carye'don  Catag'ma, 
Kapvriiov  Karayiiu,  the  bone  is  broken  into  several 
pieces;  and  in  a  complicated  fracture  there  is,  in 
addition  to  the  injury  done  to  the  bone,  a  lesion 
of  some  considerable  vessel,  nervous  trunk,  &c. 
Fractures  are  also  termed  trausrcme,  oblique,  &c., 
according  to  their  directiim.  The  treatment  of 
fractures  consists,  in  general,  in  reducing  the 
fragments  when  displaced;  maintaining  them 
when  reduced;  preventing  the  symptoms  which 
may  be  likely  to  arise;  and  combating  them 
when  they  occur.  The  reduction  of  fractures 
must  be  cfFected  by  extension,  counter-extension, 
and  coaptation.  The  parts  are  kept  in  apposition 
by  position,  rest,  and  an  appropriate  apjiaratus. 
The  position  must  vary  according  to  the  kind  of 
fracture.  Commonly,  the  fractured  limb  is  placed 
on  a  horizontal  or  slightly  inclined  plane,  in  a 
state  of  extension:  or  rather  in  a  middle  state 
between  extension  and  flexion,  according  to  the 
case. 

FrtACTiTRK,  CAMEnATED,  Camcrosis— /.  en  Rave, 
Rufihanedon. 

FliACTllRE  OF  THE  RADIfS,  Bahtox's,  Bar- 
ton's fracture.  A  term  applied  to  a  fracture  of 
the  lower  extremity  of  the  radius,  which  com- 
mences at  the  articular  surface,  and  extends  up- 
wards for  an  inch  or  more,  to  terminate  on  the 
dorsal  aspect.  Owing  to  the  extensor  muscles 
drawing  up  the  separated  jiortion  of  the  bone, 
and  with  it  the  carpus,  a  deformity  results,  which 
has  been  confounded  with  simple  dislocation.  In 
consequence  of  the  fracture  having  been  well  de- 
scribed by  Dr.  John  Rhea  Barton,  of  Philadel- 
phia, it  is  often  called  after  him. 

FRACTURES  PAR  RESONNANCE,  sco 
Contrafissura. 

FR^NA  MORGAGNII,  F.  of  the  Valve  of 
Bauhin. 

Fi!>ENA  OP  THE  Valve  of  Bauhin,  (F.)  Freina 
de  la  valvule  de  Bauhin.  A  name  given  by  Mor- 
gagni  to  the  projecting  lines  formed  by  the  junc- 
tion of  the  extremities  of  the  two  lips  of  the  ileo- 
c«3cal  valve.  They  are  also  called  Frcena  and 
Ret iuac'u la  Sforgagn'ii. 

FR^.NULUiAI,  see  Frwnum,  Bride  — i.  Clito- 
ridis,  Fra^num  clitoridis — f.  Epiglottidis,  Glosso- 
epiglottic  ligament — f.  Laliiorum,  Fourchtlte — f. 
Novum,  Taenia  semicircularis— f.  Pudendi,  Four- 
chette. 

Fr-k'nulum  Veli  Mehulla'ris  Anterio'rts. 
A  narrow  slip,  given  ott'  by  the  commissure  of  the 
encephalic  testes,  which  strengthens  the  junction 
of  the  testes  with  tlje  valve  of  Vieussens. 

FR.'ENUM,  Fre'uum,  (F.)  Frein,  'a  bridle.' 
FrcB'uidum,  Filel'lum,  Filameu'tum.  'A  small 
bridle.'  A  bridle.  Jsanies  given  to  several  mem- 
branous folds,  which  bridle  and  retain  certain 
organs. 

Fr^XUM  Clitor'idis,  FrcB'nulum  Clitor'idis, 
(F.)  Frein  du  Clitoris.  A  slight  diijilicature 
formed  by  the  union  of  the  internal  portions  of 
the  upper  extremity  of  the  nymphfe. 

Fr.*:ndm  Epiglottidis.  Glosso-epiglottic  liga- 
ment— f.  Glandis,  F.  Penis. 

Fr^NI'M  Labic'rim,  (F.)  Frein  des  levres. 
There  are  two  of  these;  one  for  the  upper,  the 
other  for  the  lower  lip.  They  unite  these  parts 
to  the  maxillary  bone,  and  are  formed  by  the 
raucous  membrane  of  the  mouth.  Also,  the 
Fourchette. 

Fr^^ntm  Li.vguj;,  Frm'nulum  sen  Vin'culum 
Lingua;,  Glossodes'mus,  F'ile'tum,  (F.)  Fiht  on 
Frein  de  la  l<nigue,  is  a  triangular  reflection, 
formed  by  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  mouth, 
and  situate  between  the  inferior  paries  of  that 
cavity   and   the  inferior  surface   of  the   tongue. 


FRAGARIA 


404 


FRAXINUS 


When  the  frffiiuini  extends  as  far  as  the  extre- 
mity of  the  tongue,  it  cramps  its  movements,  in- 
terferes with  sucking,  &c.  This  inconvenience 
is  remedied  by  carefully  snipping  it  with  a  pair 
of  scissors.  The  French  call  this  Voperation  dn 
filet. 

Fu.'ENUM  Penis,  F.  seu  FrcB'nulnm  seu  Vin'cu- 
hun  PrcBpn'tu,  F.  Glaudh,  Ci/)ii>de>i'mion,  Cijno- 
dea'inns,  Vin'cuhcm  Caiil'niim,  (F.)  Filet  ou  Frein 
de  la  verge,  is  a  membranous  reflection  which 
fixes  the  prepuce  to  the  lower  part  of  the  glans. 
When  too  short,  it  prevents  the  prepuce  from 
sliding  over  the  glans. 

FiiAiNUM  Pr.ei'Utii,  F.  Penis. 
FRAUA'RIA,  from  fragro,  'I  smell  sweetly.' 
The  Strawberry,  Fragn'rin  vesca  seu  vnhjn'ris 
seu  semperJIoreiiR,  C/inmcB'batos,  (F.)  Frninier. 
Ord.  Rosacea.  The  fruit  is  agreeable  and  whole- 
some, and  the  roots  have  been  used  as  tonic  and 
slightly  diuretic.  The  fruit  is  the  Fragrum, 
KoiJiipov,  of  the  ancients;   (F.)  Fraine. 

FnAGAiuA  Anserina,  Potentilla  anserina  —  f. 
Pentaphyllum,  Potentilla  reptans — f.  Tormentilla 
officinalis,  Tormentilla. 

Fraga'ria     Virginia'na,     Wild     Strawherry. 

An  indigenous  plant,  which  has  astringent  leaves. 

FRAGILE  VITREUM,  Fragilitas  ossiura. 

FRAGIL'ITAS,  Jinptibil'iiaa,  from  frongo,  'I 

break.'      Fragility,    Brittleness.      The    state   of 

being  easily  broken  or  torn. 

Fragil'itas  Os'sium,  Otfeopsathi/ro'aie,  Pa- 
ros'tia  fra//"ilis,  Brit'tleiicss  of  the  bones,  Fria- 
bil'iti/  of  the  bones,  Fr«g"ile  vit'reiim.  Patholo- 
gists have  given  this  name  to  the  extreme  facility 
with  which  bones  break  in  certain  diseases  of  the 
osseous  texture.  It  is  owing  to  a  deficiency  of 
the  animal  matter. 

FRACtMENT,  Fragmex'tum,  Fragmen,  Ramen'- 
tiini,  from  frangere,  fractum,  '  to  break.'  The 
French  use  this  term  for  the  two  portions  of  a 
fractured  bone;  thus,  they  speak  of  the  superior 
and  the  inferior  fragment. 

Fragments,  Prec"ious.  A  name  formerly 
given,  in  Phar)nnci/,  to  the  garnet,  hyacinth, 
emeriild,  sapphire  and  topaz.  The  Arabs  falsely 
attributed  to  them  cordial  and  alixiterial  pro- 
perties. 

Fit  AGON,  Ruscus. 
FRAGUM,  see  Fragaria. 
FHAfSF,  see  Fragaria. 
FRAfSfER.  Fragaria. 

FRAMBffi'SIA,  Frnmbe'sia,  Lepra  fungi f  em , 
from  frnniboise,  (F.)  'A  raspberry.'  Si/ph'ilis 
In'dica,  Anthra'cia  ru'bnln.  Thyinio'sls,  Th.  seu 
Lues  In'dica,  Vnri'ola  Amboinen'sis,  Lepra  fnn- 
gif'era,  Scroph'nla  Jf<dncca'iia.  The  Yaws,' 
Epian,  Pian.  A  disease  of  the  Antilles  and  of 
Africa,  characterized  by  tumours,  of  a  contagious 
character,  which  resemble  strawberries,  rasp- 
berries, or  champignons ;  ulcerate,  and  are  ac- 
companied by  emaciation,  The  Pian,  for  so  the 
Indians  call  it,  differs  somewhat  in  America  and 
Africa. 

Pian  of  Amer'ica,  Framba^'sia  America' na, 
Anthra'cia  Bu'bula  Americana,  occurs  under 
eimilar  circumstances  with  the  next,  and  seems 
to  be  transmitted  by  copulation.  The  tumours 
have  a  similar  form,  and  are  greater  in  propor- 
tion to  their  paucity.  In  some  cases  they  are 
mixed  with  ulcers. 

Pian  of  Guin'ea,  Frambce'sia  Guineen'sis,  An- 
thra'cia Ru'bula  Guineen'sis,  is  common  amongst 
the  negroes,  especially  in  childhood  and  youth. 
It  begins  by  small  spots,  which  appear  on  diffe- 
rent parts,  and  especially  on  the  organs  of  gene- 
ration and  around  the  anus  ;  these  spots  disap- 
pear, and  are  transformed  into  an  eschar,  to 
■which  an  excrescence  succeeds,  that  grows  slowly, 
aud  has  the  shape  above  described. 


The  treatment  is  nearly  the  same  in  the  two 
varieties.  The  tumours  will  yield  to  uicrcurinl 
friction,  when  small.  When  large,  they  must  lie 
destroyed  by  caustic.  In  both  eases,  mercury 
must  be  given  to  prevent  a  recurrence. 

An  endemic  disease  resembling  yaws  was  ob- 
served in  the  Feejee  Islands  by  the  medical  ofli- 
cers  of  the  United  States'  Exploring  Expedition. 
It  is  called  by  the  natives  Dthoke. 

Frambcesia  Illyrica,  Scherlievo — f.  Scotica, 
Sibbens. 

FRAMBOISE,  Rubns  id?eus. 
FRANCOLIN,  Atfagcn. 

F RANGES  SYNO  WALES,  Synovial  glands. 
FRANGIPANE.    An  article  of  food,  ]irepiirid 
by  evaporating  to  dryness,  in  a  water-bath,  milk 
mixed  with  almonds  and  sugar. 

FRANGULA  ALNUS,  Rluunnus  frangul.n. 
FRANKINCENSE,    COMMON,     see     Piniis 
abies  —  f.  African    Daniellia  thurifera  —  f.  Tree, 
Daniellia  thurifera — f.  True,  Juniperus  lyeia. 

FRANZENSBAD,  FRANZBAD,  or  FKANZ- 
ENSBRUNN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
celebrated  water  at  Eger,  in  Bohemia,  which 
contains  sulphate  of  soda,  carbonate  of  iron, 
and  carbonic  acid  gas.  The  springs  are  called 
Franzensbrunnen. 

FRAP  PER,  Percuss. 

FRASEllA,  Calumba,  American — f.  C:irnlincn- 
sis,  see  Calumba — f.  Officinalis,  see  Cahiiubii— f. 
Verticillata,  Calumba  American  —  f.  Walteri,  see 
Calumba. 

FRATER  UTERINUS,  see  Uterinus  frater. 
FRATERNITAS,  Adelphixia. 
FRATRATIO,  Adelphixia. 
FRAXINELLA     DICTAMNUS,     Dictnmnns 
albus — f.  White,  Dictamnus  albus. 

FRAXINUS  AMERICA'NA,  White  Ash;  and 
Fraxiniis  Qitadrangula'ta,  Blue  Aih,  indi- 
genous; Ord.  Oleacese  ;  have  bitter  and  a,«triii- 
gent  barks,  and  have  been  used  as  antiperiodics. 
Fraxinus  Apetala,  F.  excelsior — f.  Aurea,  F. 
excelsior — f.  Crispa,  F.  excelsior — f.  Excelsa,  F. 
excelsior. 

Frax'inus  Excel'sior.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  Ash  tree,  Frax'inus  Ornus  seu  Fra;riiius 
sylves'tris,  F.  apet'ala  seu  au'rea  seu  crispa  si'U 
e.rcel'sa  seu  jjen'dula  seu  verruco'sa,  Bxnne'lin  seu 
Macedon'ica  Fra.rinns,  Bume'lia,  (F.)  Freiie. 
The  fresh  bark  has  a  moderately  strong,  bitterish 
taste.  It  has  been  said  to  possess  resolvent  and 
diuretic  qualities,  and  has  been  given  in  inter- 
mittents,  and  in  gout  and  rheumatism,  and  as  an 
antidote  to  serpent  bites.  The  seeds,  called 
Birds'  tongue,  Jjingua  avis,  Ornithoglos'sn,  have 
been  exhibited  as  diuretics,  in  the  dose  of  a 
drachm.  Its  sap  has  been  extolled  agiun>t 
deafness. 

Fraxinus  Florifera,  F.  ornus  —  f.  Macedo- 
nica,  F.  excelsior. 

Fraxinus  Ornus,  F.  me'lia  seu  paniruln'tn 
Ben  Jlorif'era,  Ornus  manulf'era  seu  rotuuilijo'li'i. 
The  systematic  name  of  the  tree  whence  ni<iinin 
flows.  This  substance  is  also  called  Manna  Cain- 
bri'na,  Ros  Calabri' nus,  Aerom'eli,  Drnsom'eli, 
Drysom'eli,  Mel  ae'rium,  Succus  orni  concre'tUK. 
In  Sicily,  not  only  the  Fraxinus  Ornus,  but  iilso 
the  F.  rotundifoli'a  and  F.  excelsior  are  regidarly 
cultivated  for  the  purpose  of  procuring  mann:i, 
which  is  their  condensed  juice.  In  the  Ph.  U.  S. 
it  is  assigned  to  Ornus  Europcea.  Manna  is  in- 
odorous, sweetish,  with  a  very  slight  degree  of 
bitterness;  in  friable  flakes,  of  a  whitish  or  pale 
yellow  colour;  opake,  and  soluble  in  water  and 
alcohol.  It  is  laxative,  and  is  used  .as  a  pur- 
gative fi)r  children,  who  take  it  readily  on  ac- 
count of  its  sweetness.  More  generally  it  is  em- 
ployed as  an  adjunct  to  other  purgatives.  D"8c, 
§ss  to  ^ij.     Its    immediate    principle   is   called 


FRAYEUR  NOCTURNE 


405 


FRIGORIFIC 


Jf((iiit!te  or  Maunin.  This  has  heen  recnmincnded 
l>v  MiigcMidie  IIS  a  substitute  for  manna.  Dose, 
Zi).  for  children. 

Fr.vxi.vus  Paniccjlata,  F.  Ornus — f.  Quadran- 
f^uUita,  see   F.  Americana  —  f.    Rotundifolia,  F. 

FRA  YEUR  NOCTURNE,  Panophobia. 
FRECKEN3,  Ephelides. 
FRKCKIiKD,  see  Kphelides. 
FRECKLES.  Ephelidos. 

FREEMAN'S  BATIlIXfr  SPIRITS,  see  Li- 
niinontuin  Hiiponis  compositum. 

FIlEfy,  Fricnutn  — /.  (hi  Clltorin,  Fraenum 
clitoridis — /.  tie  la  Lnnrjiie,  FraDnum  linguae — /. 
(/(.'»  LinreH,  Fra'num  labiorum — /.  de  la  Verge, 
Frncmini  penis. 

FliEfXS  DE  LA  VA  L  VULE  DE  BAUHIN, 
Frncna  of  tho  valve  of  Raubin. 

FREINWALDR,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  springs  are  in  Brandonburg,  twelve  leagues 
from  Berlin.  They  contain  chloride  of  sodium, 
sulphate  of  magnesia,  chloride  of  magnesium,  sul- 
phate of  lime,  carbonates  of  lime  and  magnesia, 
iron,  Ac.,  and  are  used  in  asthenic  diseases. 

FRK.UfSSEMEXT.  Shu.ldering. 

FRJ^MISSEMENT  GAT  AIRE  (F.).  'Cat's 
purr.'  Piirrhnj  Tremor.  Laonnec  has  given  this 
name  to  the  agitation  which  is  sensible  to  the 
hand,  when  applied  on  the  priiecordial  region, 
and  which  he  considers  a  sign  of  ossification  or 
other  contraction  of  the  auriciilo-ventricular  open- 
ings. The  name  was  chosen  by  him  from  the 
analmry  of  the  sound  to  the  purring  of  a  cat. 

FREMITUS,  Bruheemeiif,  Frfmiasemcnt,  Shud- 
dering. 

The  Pkc'torat,  or  VocaTj  Frkm'ittts,  Pectoral 
Vibrn'tion,  Tactile  vibration,  is  an  obscure  dif- 
fused resonance  of  the  voice,  which  is  felt  when 
the  hand  is  applied  to  the  chest. 

A  fric'tion  frrm'itits  is  perceptible  to  the 
hands  in  many  cases  of  pleurisy,  when  the  sur- 
faces of  the  pleura  have  become  roughened  from 
deposition ;  as  well  as  in  rare  cases  of  pericar- 
ditis. 

FHENA.  see  Alveolus. 

FRENCH  CRUST,  Syphilis  — f.  Distemper, 
Syphilis — f.  Nut,  Juglans  regia — f.  Pox,  Syphilis. 

FRhyE,  Fra.xinus  excelsior — /.  J?pineii.r, 
Xanthoxylum  clavaHerculis. — ■/.  Sauvage,  Sorbus 
acuparia. 

FRKX(iA,  see  Scherlievo. 

FRENULUM,  see  Frsenum. 

FRENU.Vr,  Frsenum. 

FRET.  Chafing.  Herpes. 

FRETILLKMENT.  Fidgets. 

FRETTINCr,  Tormina. 

FRICATIO.  Friction. 

FRICATORTUM,  Liniment. 

FRICE,  Fripiim,  Frico'nium.  A  medicine 
which  the  ancients  employed  under  the  form  of 
friction.  They  distinguish  the  Frice  siccitm  and 
F.  mnlle. — (lanbius. 

FRTCONIUM.  Frice. 

FRTCTA.  Colophonia. 

FRrCTIO,  Friction  — f.  Ilumida,  see  Friction 
— f.  Sii'ca.  see  Friction. 

FRICTION.  Fric'tio,  Frica'tio,  Anat'ribe, 
Auatrip'sin,  Tri/pnin,  Chirnp'sin,  from  fricare, 
fricliint,  'to  rub.'  The  action  of  rubbing  a  part 
of  the  surface  of  the  body  more  or  less  forcibly, 
with  the  hands,  a  brush,  flannel.  Ac,  constituting 
Xcrolrib'ia,  Nerotrip'sin,  Fric'tio  sicca  or  dry 
friction  ;  or  with  ointments,  liniments,  tinctures, 
Ac,  constituting  moist  frirliun,  Fric'tio  hn'mida. 
It  is  a  useful  means  for  exciting  the  action  of  the 
skin. 

FniCTiov  Frf.mitus,  see  Fremitus  —  f.  Sound, 
Bruit  de  frottemeut. 


FRICTRIX,  Tribas, 

FRICTUM,  Liniment. 

FRICUM,  Frice 

FRIGEFACIENTIA,  Refrigerants. 

FRItilD.  Fri<j"idiix,  (F.)  Froid  ;  from  frigeo, 
'  to  be  cold.'  Cold.  Not  easily  moved  to  sexual 
desire  :    Imhel'li"  ad  ren'erem.     Impotent. 

FRIGIDARIUM,  Bath,  cold. 

FRIGID'ITY,  Frigid'itas.  Same  etymon.  A 
sensation  of  cold.  Also,  impotence,  and  sterility. 
Frigiditji  of  the  stomach  is  a  state  of  debility  of 
that  organ,  imputed  to  excessive  venery,  —  the 
Anorex'ia  exhniisto'rnm  of  Sauvages. 

FRIGIDUS.  Frigid. 

FRIGORIF'IC,  from  frigus,  'cold,'  and  fo, 
'I  become.'  That  which  has  the  power  of  pro- 
ducing cold.  The  best  Fuigorific  Mixttres  are 
the  following.  Their  efi'ects  are  owing  to  the 
rapid  absorption  of  heat  when  solids  pass  into 
the  liquid  state. 


i\ 


Frigorific  Mixtures  with 

Ifixtures. 
Snow,    or    pounded    ice,    two")  ") 
parts  by  weight ; 

Chloride  of  Sodium 1. 

Snow  or  pounded  ice 5 

Chloride  of  Sodium 2 

Mur.  of  Ammonia 1 

Snow  or  pounded  ice 24.  |    \ 

Chloride  of  Sodium  10. 

Muriate  of  Ammonia 5. 

Nitrate  of  Potash 5. 

Snow  or  pounded  ice 12. 

Chloride  of  Sodium 5. 

Nitrate  of  Ammonia 5.  J  J 

Dilut.  Sulph.  Acid 2.1 

Snow 3.  J 

Concentr.  Mur.  Acid  5.  | 

Snow 

Concentr.  Nitrous  Acid 4 

Snow 7 

Chloride  of  Calcium 5.  ) 

Snow 4.  I 

Crystall.  Chloride  of  Calcium  .S.  ) 

Snow 2.  J 

Fused  Potash .  4.  ] 

Snow 3.  J 


i:} 


Snow. 
Therm,  falls. 

to— 5° 
10—12° 
to— IS" 


[  to— 25° 
from+:^2° 

to— 23° 
fromf32° 

to— 27° 
from -1-32° 

to— 30° 
from-h32° 

to— 40° 

from +.32° 

to  —50° 

from -1-32° 

to— 51° 


Frigorific  Mixtures  may  also  be  made  by  the 
rapid  solution  of  salts,  without  the  use  of  snow  or 
ice.     The  salts  must  be  finely  powdered  and  dry. 

Frigorific  Mixtures  without  Snow. 


Mixtures. 

Mur.  of  Ammonia 5. 

-Nitrate  of  Potash 5. 

Water 10. 

Mur.  of  Ammonia  6. 

Nitrate  of  Potash 5. 

Sulphate  of  Soda 8. 

Water 16. 

Nilrate  of  Ammonia  1. 

Water 1. 

Nitrate  of  Ammonia  1. 

Carbonate  of  Soda 1. 

Water 1. 

Sulphate  of  Soda 3.  ) 

Dilut.  Nitrous  Acid 2.  ) 

Sulphate  of  Soda fi.  ] 

Mur.  of  Ammonia  4.  I 

Nitrate  of  Potash 2. 

Dilut.  Nitrous  Acid 4.  j 

Sulphate  of  Soda 6. 

Nitrate  of  Ammonia 5. 

Dilut.  Nitrous  Acid 4. 

Phosphate  of  Soda 9.  ) 


Dilut.  Nitrous  Acid 4. 


Therm,  falls. 

from-i-50° 
to— 10° 

from +  50° 
to— 10° 

from +  50° 
to—  4° 

from +  50° 
to—  7° 

from +50° 
to—  3° 

from+50° 
to— 10° 

from +  50° 
to— 14° 

from +  50° 
to— 12° 


FRIGUS 

^fixtures. 

Phopphate  of  Soda 9. 

Nitrate  of  Ammonia  6. 

Dilut.  Nitrous  Acid 4. 

Sulphate  of  Soda 8.  ] 

Muriatic  Acid 6.  J 

Sulphate  of  Soda 5.  | 

Dilut.  Sulphuric  Acid 4.  J 


406 


FRUMENTUM 


Therm,  fall". 

from  +  50° 
to— 21° 

from+50° 
to       0° 

from +50° 
to—  3° 


FRiaUS,  Cold— f.  Tenue,  see  Rigor. 
FRIN(5E  TREE,  Chionanthus  Virginica. 
FRISSON,  Rigor. 
FR rSSOyyFMENT,  Horripilation. 
FRO(iLEAF,  Brasenia  Hydropeltis. 
FROG  TONGUE,  Ranula. 
FROGS'  SPAWN,  Sperma  ratiarum. 
FROID.  Cold,  Frigid—/.  Glncial,  Ice  cold. 
FR0ISSEMENT\¥.),  'Rubbing,  bruising.' 
FROISSEMENT  PULMONAIRE,  Bruit  de 
froisKemeiit    piiliminaire,    Pulmonary    crumpling 
iouiid.     A  name  given  by  M.  Fournet  to  a  respi- 
ratory sound,  whii'h  communicates  to  the  ear  the 
sensation  of  the  rubbing  {froiHsemcnt)  of  a_  tex- 
ture compressed  against  a  hard  body.     It  is  by 
no  means  well  defined. 

FRdLEMEMT,  (F.)  'Grazing  or  touching 
lightly.' 

FROLEMENT  P^RWARDIQUE,  Bruit  de 
froletiieiit    pericurdiqne.       Rustling  noise  of  the 
pericardium.     A  sound  resembling  that  produced 
by  the  crumpling  of  a  piece  of  parchment  or  of 
thick  silken  stuff,  accompanying  the  systole  and 
diastole  of  the  heart.     It  indicates  roughness  of 
the  pericardium  induced  by  disease. 
FROM  AGE,  Cheese. 
FRO  ME  NT,  Triticum. 
FRONCEMENT,  Corrugation, 
F  RON  CLE,  Furunculus. 
FRONDE,  Punda. 

FRONT,  Froi-18,  3feto'pon,  Forehead,  Fore- 
front, Fore-top,  Brow,  (Sc.)  Forret.  That  part 
of  the  visage,  which  extends  from  one  temple  to 
the  other,  and  is  comprised  in  a  vertical  direction, 
between  the  roots  of  the  hair  and  the  superciliary 
ridges. 

FRONTAL,  Frnnta'lis.  From  frons,  frontis, 
'the  front.'  Relating  or  belonging  to  the  front. 
This  name  has  been  given  to  several  parts.  Win- 
slow,  Sommering,  and  others,  call  the  anterior 
part  of  the  oeeipito-frontals  — the  frontal  muscle 
ov  fronta'lis,}[usculo'srt  Froniiv  Cutem  movens  sub- 
stan'tia  Par  (Vesalius). 

Frontal  Artery,  Arte'ria  svpra-orhita'lis,  is 
given  off  by  the  ophthalmic,  which  is  itself  a 
branch  of  the  internal  carotid.  It  makes  its  exit 
from  the  skull  at  the  upper  part  of  the  base  of  the 
orbit,  and  ascends  the  forehead  between  the  bone 
and  the  orbicularis  palpebrarum  ;  dividing  into 
three  or  four  branches,  which  are  distributed  to 
the  neighbouring  muscles. 

Frontal  Bone,  Ok  frontis  seu  coronn'le  seu  in- 
vcrecun'duin  seu  puppis  seu  syncip'itis  seu  proroB 
seu  ratio'nis,  Meto'pon,  A  double  bone  in  the  foe- 
tus, single  in  the  adult,  situate  at  the  base  of  the 
cranium,  and  at  the  superior  part  of  the  face.  It 
forms  the  vault  of  the  orbit;  lodges  the  ethmoid 
bone  in  a  notch  at  its  middle  part;  and  is  articu- 
lated, besides,  with  the  sphenoid,  parietal,  and 
nasal  bones,  the  ossa  unguis,  superior  maxillary, 
and  malar  bones. 

Frontal  Furrow  extends  upwards  from  the 
frontal  spine,  and  becomes  gradually  larger  in  its 
course,  to  lodge  the  upper  part  of  the  superior 
longitudinal  sinus,  and  to  give  attachment  to  the 
falx  cerebri. 

Frontal  Nerve.  Pnlpehro-frontal — (Ch.),  is 
the  greatest  of  the  three  branches  of  the  nphtlial- 
mic  nerve,  —  the  first  division  of  the  5th  pair. 


It  procecd.s  along  the  superior  paries  of  the  orbit, 
and  divides  into  two  brandies  :  —  tlie  one,  inter- 
nal, which  makes  its  exit  from  the  orliiiMr  fossa, 
passing  beneath  the  pulley  of  the  oblit;iu!  niu.<ck<: 
— the  other,  external,  issuing  from  the  i-auie  cu- 
vity  by  the  foramen  orbitarinm  superins. 

Frontal  PnoTii'nERANCE,  F.tnhcrou'iit/,  Tuhcr 
fronta'le,  Su(jf/run'diiini  supcrcitio'ruin.  The  jiro- 
tuberance  of  the  frontal  bone  above  the  super- 
ciliary arch. 

Frontal  Si'nuSES,  Frontn' Us  Sinus,  J/clnpnn'- 
tra,  Prosopan'tra,  Sinus  Snpercilia'res  seu  pitui- 
ta'rii  frontis,  Cavern' a  frontis,  arc  two  deep  cavi- 
ties in  the  substance  of  the  frontal  bone,  sepa- 
rated from  each  other  by  a  median  si'idutn,  and 
opening,  below,  into  the  anterior  cells  of  the  eth- 
moid bone. 

Frontal  Spine,  Crista  inter'na,  is  situiitc  in 
the  middle  of  the  under  part  of  the  liotir,  ami  is 
formed  by  the  coalescence  of  the  inner  tables  for 
the  attachment  of  the  falx  cerebri. 

Surgeons  have  given  the  name  Fhonta'ms  to 
a  bandage  or  topical  application  to  the  forehead. 
Such  have,  also,  been  called  TpufiiTuiniia  and 
avaTToWr]i.iaTu. 

Frontal  Tuberosity,  Frontal  prolubenince. 
FRONTA'LE,  from  fous,  '  the  forehead.'    A 
medicine  applied  to  the  forehead. 

FRONTALIS  ET  OCCIPITALIS,  Occipito- 
frontalis. 

Frontalis  Verus,  Corrugator  supercilii. 
FRONTODYMIA,  see  Cephalodymia. 
FRONTO- ETHMOID    FORAMEN,    Ca-cnm 
foramen — /.  Nasal,  Pyramidalis  nasi — /.  Snur- 
cilicr,  Corrugator  supercilii. 
FROSTBITE,  Congelation. 
FROSTPLANT,  Heliantheraum  Canadcnsc. 
FROSTWEED,  Erigeron  Philudelphicuin,  lle- 
lianthemum  Canadense. 

FROSTWORT,  Helianthemum  Canadense. 
FROTH'Y,  from  Gr.  a^pos,  '  froth.'   [?]     Spu- 
nio'sHs,   (F.)   Spumeiix,  Ecumeux,  Mousseux.     An 
epithet  given  to  the  fteces  or  sputa,  when  mixed 
with  air. 

FROTTEMENT,  see  Bruit  de  frottement. 
FROTTEMENT   GLOBULAIRE.     A  name 
given   by  M.  Simonnet,  to  the  pulse  in  aortic  re- 
gurgitation, when    it   is  jerking;    and,   in   well 
marked  cases,  appears  as  if  the  blood  consisted 
of  several  little  masses,  which  passed  in  succes- 
sion under  the  finger  applied  to  the  artery. 
FRUCTIFICATIO,  Fecundation. 
FRUCTUS  HOR^I,  Fruit,  (summer)— f.  Im- 
maturus,  Abortion. 

FRUGIV'OROUS,  Frurjiv'orus,  from  frufjct, 
'fruits,'  and  voro,  'I  eat.'     One  that  eats  fruits. 

FRUIT,  Fructus,  from  fruor,  fructus,  'to  en- 
joy.' Carpos.  In  botany,  the  seed  with  its  en- 
closing pericarp.  In  a  medical  sense  it  may  bo 
defined  to  be : — that  part  of  a  plant  which  is  taken 
as  food.  The  effects  of  fruits  on  the  body,  in  a 
medical  as  well  as  a  dietetical  point  of  view,  are 
various.  They  may  be  distinguished  into  classes: 
for,  whilst  the  Cerealia,  for  example,  afford  fruits, 
which  are  highly  nutritious  ;  Ihe  Suinmer  Frnilt 
{Fructus  Hora'i,)  which  include  strawberries, 
cherries,  currents,  mulberries,  raspberries,  figs, 
grapes,  &c.,  are  refrigerant  and  grateful,  but 
afford  little  nourishment. 
FRUIT-SUGAR,  Glucose. 

FRUMENT,  Fru'mentt/,  Fnr'menty,  from  /'•«- 
mentum,  'wheat' or  '  grain,' quasi  y'/»77'Hic«(iiw  ; 
from  fruf/es,  '  fruit'  Pottage  made  of  wheat. 
Food  made  of  wheat  boiled  in  milk. 

FRUMEN'TUM.    Same  etymon.    Sitos.    Any 
kind  of  grain  from  which   bread  was  made;  — 
especially  wheat. 
Frumentum,  Triticum — f.  Corniculatum,  Ergot 


FRUSTRATOIRE 


40' 


FUMIGATION 


—  f.  Cornutum,  Ergot  —  f.  Luxurians,  Ergot  —  f. 
Teiniilfiituiii,  Erjjot — f.  Turgidutn,  Ergot. 

FiaSTltATOIRE,  (F.)  Any  liquor,  taken 
a  short  time  alter  eating,  for  the  purpose  of  as- 
sisting digestion  when  ditficult.  Sugared  water, 
»((»  sHcree,  or  water  wilh  the  addition  of  a  little 
brimdy,  or  some  aromatic  substance,  is  commonly 
used  for  this  purpose. 

FRUTliX  BACCIFER  BRAZILIENSIS,  Caa- 
ghivuyo — f  Indicus  spinosus,  Cara  scbuUi. 

FUCUS,  F.  vesiculosus,  Paint. 

Fuciis  Amyla'chus,  Jaffna,  Ed'ihle  or  CcyJon 
Moss,  Ploca'ria  can'dida,  Gracila'yiti  seu  SplicB- 
rticoc'cits  seu  Gir/arti'iia  seu  Fucks  llcheii'ii'des, 
Jl/jriiie  Muss.  This  moss  belongs  to  the  natural 
order  AlgiC.  It  was  introduced  some  years  ago 
into  England,  from  India.  It  is  white,  filiform 
and  fibrous,  and  has  the  usual  odour  of  sea-weeds. 
It-3  medical  properties  are  siiuilar  to  those  of 
Irish  moss. 

Fiiciis,  Bladder,  F.  vesiculosus. 

FuCUS  Ckisphs,  /'.  Ir'landicus,  Lichen  Car'ra- 
ijce.n,  Vhoiidnis  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Ck.  crispus  seu  p'dij- 
mnr' phns,  Sphmrococ'ciis  criapits,  Ulva  crinpii, 
Irish  /'carl,  Car'ra>/een  or  Cor'rigeen  mnss,  (F.) 
Moitsse  d^  Irlaiide  o\i  perlee.  This  Fucus  is  found 
on  the  coasts  of  England,  Ireland,  Western  France, 
Spain,  and  Portugal,  and  as  far  as  the  tropics. 
It  is  also  a  native  of  the  United  States.  In  Ire- 
land, it  is  used  by  the  poor  as  an  article  of  diet. 
As  met  with  in  America,  it  is  of  a  light  yellow 
colour,  and  resembles  plates  of  horn,  crisped  and 
translucent.  An  agreeable  jelly  is  obtained  from 
it  by  boiling  it  in  water  or  milk,  which  forms  a 
good  article  of  diet  in  consumptive  cases.  Its 
liiiipcrties  are  indeed  exactly  like  those  of  the 
Icilaiid  Moss, 

Fucus  IlKLMiNTnoconTON,  Corallina  Corsica- 
na — f  Inflatus,  F.  vesiculosus — f.  Irlandicus, 
Fucus  crispus — f.  Lichenoides,  F.  amylaceus — f. 
Saccharine,  Rhodomela  palmata. 

Fucus  Vesiculo'siis,  Fhchs,  F.  infla'tus,  Hal'- 
idrys  vcsicalo'sa,  Quercits  Mari'iia,  Bladdpr  Fu- 
cus, Sen  Oak,  Sea  Wrac/c,  Ye/ low  Bladder  Wrack, 
(¥.)  Varec  vesiculeiix,  Chexe  marin.  It  has  been 
said  to  be  a  useful  assistant  to  sea-water,  in  the 
cure  of  disorders  of  the  glands.  When  the  wrack, 
in  fruit,  is  dried,  cleaned,  exposed  to  a  red-heat 
in  a  crucible  with  a  perforated  lid,  and  is  reduced 
to  powder,  it  forms  the  yE'thiops  vci/etnb'ilis  — 
the  Pidvis  Quercils  M<(ri'iia>  of  the  Dublin  Phar- 
niaeopffiia — which  is  used,  like  the  burnt  sponge, 
in  bronchocele  and  other  scrofulous  swellings. 
Its  efiicacy  depends  on  the  iodine  it  contains, 
I)ose,  gr.  X  to  5'j>  mixed  in  molasses  or  honey. 
See  Soda. 

FLUjA  D/EMONUM,  Hypericum  perforatum. 

FUUA'CIOUS,  Fuyax,  fm/acis,  (F.)  Fugace, 
from  fiigere,  'to  fly.'  An  epithet  given  to  certain 
symptoms,  which  appear  and  disappear  almost 
innnediately afterwards;  as  n/iu/acinus  redness, — 
ajiii/iicioiis  swelling.   Tumor  faijax,  <fcc. 

FUtiAX,  Fugacious. 

FUGE,  from  fu'jo,  'I  expel,'  'an  expeller.' 
A  common  suflix.  Hence,  Febri/»i/e,  Vermi- 
/"//e.  itc. 

FU'GILE,  Fiigil'la.  This  terra  has  several 
acceptations.  It  means,  1.  The  cerumen  of  the 
ear.  2.  The  nebulous  suspension  in,  or  deposi- 
tion from,  the  urine.  3.  An  abscess  near  the 
ear. — Roland  and.Tohnson.  4.  Abscess  in  general. 
FUtilLLA,  Fugile. 
FULGUR.  A<trape. 

FULIG'TNOU.-?.  Fnligino'siia,  Lignyo'des,  (F.) 
Fidigincii.1-,  from  /id  igo,  fid  igin  is,  'soot.'  Having 
the  colour  of  soot.  An  epithet  given  to  certain 
parts,  as  the  lips,  teeth,  or  tongue,  when  they 
nss'.ime  a  brownish  colour,  or  rather  are  covered 
with  a  coat  of  that  colour.     Fuliijinosity. 


FULI'GO,  genitive  fnlig"inis,  Lignys,  Snot, 
(F.)  Snie,  (fee.,  Woodsoot,  Fuligo  Ligni,  consists 
of  volatile  alkaline  salt,  empyreumatic  oil,  fixed 
alkali,  &c.  A  tincture,  Tinctn'ra  Fiitig"iui», 
prepared  from  it,  has  been  recommended  as  a 
powerful  antispasmodic  in  hysterical  cases.  (Fidig. 
''.'/"•  3 'j  )  i>"'"»«.  siihcarb.  Ibss  ;  ammon.  nturiat. 
.^j  )  "'/"«  Jluoiat.  Oiij.  Digest  for  three  days.) 
This  tincture  bears  the  name  Sout  drops  and  Fit 
drops.  An  ointment  of  soot  has  been  used  in 
various  cutaneous  diseases. 

Fuligo  Alba  Philosophorum,  Ammonioe  mu- 
rias. 

FIILIGO'KALI,  from  fidlgo,  'soot,'  and  kali, 
'potassa.'  This  is  an  analogous  preparation  to 
anthrakokali;  soot  being  used  in  the  place  of 
coal.  It  is  employed  in  the  same  diseases.  What 
might  be  regarded  as  a  weak  solution  of  fuligo- 
kali  has  been  used  for  many  years  in  Philadel- 
phia, under  the  names  medical  lye,  soot  tea,  alka- 
line solution,  dyspeptic  lye,  and  Physick's  lye  tea. 
It  is  made  by  mixing  a  quart  of  hickory  ashes  ; 
half  a  pint  of  «oo(  ,■  and  a  gallon  of  boiling  water; 
allowing  the  mixture  to  stand  for  twenty-four 
hours,  and  decanting. 

FULLERS'  EARTH,  Cimolia  purpurescens. 

FULMEN,  Astrape. 

FlU.MIUOrON,  see  Collodion. 

FULNESS,  Jieple'tio,  Plen'ifnde..  Pletho'ra, 
Reple'tion.  The  state  of  being  filled.  Also,  a 
feeling  of  weight  or  distension  in  the  stomach  or 
other  part  of  the  system. 

FUMA'RIA,  Fnma'ria  officina'lis  seu  tne'dia, 
Fnmus  terrcB,  Capnos,  Herba  melancholif  uga,  So- 
la'nten  Scnbioso'riim,  Fu'mitory,  Common  Fu'mi- 
tary,  Fumiter'ra,  (F.)  Fnmeterre,  Fiel  de  terrc, 
Pisse-sang.  Ord.  Fumariaceic.  The  leaves  are 
extremely  succulent,  and  have  a  bitter,  somewhat 
saline,  taste.  The  infusion  of  the  dried  leaves 
and  the  expressed  juice  of  the  fresh  plant  have 
been  extolled  for  their  property  of  clearing  the 
skin  of  many  disorders  of  the  leprous  kind. 

Fuma'ria  Bulbo'sa,  F.  cava  seu  major,  Borck- 
hansen'ia  seu  Capnoi'dea  cava,  Aristolochi'a  /«- 
ba'cea  seu  cava  seu  vulga'ris  rotnn'da,  Coryd'alis 
bulbo'sa  seu  cava  seu  tubero'sa,  Capnor'chis.  The 
root  of  this  plant  was  formerly  given  as  an  em- 
menagogue  and  anthelmintic.  (F.)  Fumeterre 
bulbense. 

FuMARiA  Cava,  F.  bulbosa — f.  Major,  F.  bul- 
bosa — f.  Media,  Fuinaria — f.  Officinalis,  Fumaria. 

FUMETERRE,  Fumaria. 

FUMIGATIO,  Fumigation  —  f.  Antiloimica 
Gaubii,  see  Disinfection — f.  Guytoniensis,  see 
Disinfection — f.  Smythiana,  see  Disinfection. 

FV  MIG  \'TION,  Fnmign'tio,  from  fumus, 
'  smoke.'  Snffi'tus,  SiiJfit"io,  Suffnmina'tio.  Suf- 
/umig"ium,  Siiffimen'tum,  Apocnpnis'mns,  Thymi- 
a'ma,  Epithymia'nia,  Hypothytnia'ma,  Hypothy- 
mia'sis,  Thymia'sis,  Capnis'mos,  Hypocajtnis'mot, 
Hypat'mus,  Hypatmis' mus,  Anathymin'sis.  An 
operation,  the  object  of  which  is  to  fill  a  circum- 
scribed space  with  gas  or  vapour,  with  the  in- 
tention either  of  purifying  the  air,  of  perfuming 
it,  or  of  charging  it  with  a  substance  proper  for 
acting  upon  a  part  of  the  surface  of  the  human 
body.  See  Sulphurous  acid.  Hence,  fumigations 
have  been  distinguished  into  aqueous,  aromatic, 
sulphureous,  viercurial,  disinfecting,  Guytonian, 
(fee.  Benzoin  generally  constitutes  the  chief  in- 
gredient in  the  Fumigating  Pastilles,  to  which 
any  variety  of  odoriferous  substances  may  be 
added.     The  following  are  formul,T?. 

R.  Benzoin,  ^j ;  cascarillce,  ^'fs;  myrrh,  yj  ; 
ol.  myrist.,  ol.  caryoph.  aa  gtt.  .\  ;  potasstp  nitrat. 
^sr;  carbon,  lign.  ^vy,  mucil.  trag.  q.  s. — or 

R.  Benzoin,  p.  xvy,  Balsam.  Tolut.  p.  iv ; 
Santal.  alb.  p.  iv;  Labdan.  p.  j  :  Carbon.  Lign.  p. 
xlviijj  Potass,  nitrat.   p.  ij ;    Trugacanth.  p.  j; 


FUMITERRA 


408 


FUNICULUS 


ArncifB,  p.  ij  ;  Aq.  ciniiam.  p.  xij.  Reduce  the 
solid  ingredients  to  powder,  an<l  mix  the  whole 
into  a  plastic  mass,  which  must  be  formed  into 
cones,  flattened  at  the  base,  and  dried,  first  in  the 
air.  and  afterwards  in  a  stove. 

Fumigation,  Chlouine,  see  Disinfection — f. 
Nitrous,  see  Disinfection — f.  Osymuriatic,  see 
Disinfection. 

FUMITERRA,  Furaaria. 

FUMITORY,  Fumaria. 

FUMUS  ALDUS,  Hydrargyrum— f.  Citrinus, 
Sul))hur — f.  Terrje,  Fumaria. 

FUNAMBULA'TIO,  from  fuiih,  'a  cord,'  and 
uiuhulare,  'to  walk.'  An  e.xercise  with  the  an- 
cients, which  consisted  in  scaling  ropes. 

FUxN'C'TION,  Fiiuc'tio,  Ac't!o,  (F.)  Function; 
from  fnnijor,  functus,  'I  act,'  'perform.'  The 
action  of  an  organ  or  system  of  organs.  Any  act, 
necessary  for  accomplishing  a  vital  phenomenon. 
Afunctiun  is  a  special  office  in  the  animal  econo- 
my, which  has,  as  its  instrument,  an  organ  or  appa- 
ratus of  organs.  Thus  respirdlian  is  a  function. 
Its  object  is  the  conversion  of  venous  into  arte- 
rial blood,  and  its  instrument  is  the  lungs.  The 
ancient  physiologists  divided  the  functions  into 
vital;  uniiital,  and  natural.  They  called  vital  func- 
llonn  those  which  are  essential  to  life,  as  innerva- 
tion, circulation,  respiration;  animal  functions, 
those  which  belong  to  the  encephalon;  viz.:  the 
functions  of  the  intellect,  the  affections  of  the 
mind,  and  the  voluntary  motions;  and  natural 
fuuctioufi,  Faculta'tcH  seu  Actio'ucs  natuva'les, 
those  relating  to  assimilation,  such  as  the  actions 
of  the  abdominal  viscera,  of  the  absorbent  and 
exhalant  vessels,  Ac.  Bicbat  divided  the  func- 
tions into  those  which  relate  to  the  preservation 
of  the  individual,  and  those  that  relate  to  the 
])reservation  of  the  species.  The  former  he  sub- 
divided into  animal  and  ot-f/anic.  The  animal 
functions  or  functions  of  relation  are  those  of  the 
intellect,  sensation,  locomotiim,  and  voice.  The 
orr/auic  functions  include  digestion,  absorption, 
respiration,  circulation,  secretion,  nutrition,  and 
calorification.  The  functions,  whose  object  is  the 
])reservation  of  the  species — the  organic,  nutritive, 
or  ref/etative  functions  —  are  all  those  that  relate 
to  generation  ; — such  as  conception,  gestation,  ac- 
couchement, <fec.  Each  of  these  admits  of  nu- 
merous subdivisions  in  a  complete  course  of 
J'Jnjsio/ogi/  ; — for  so  the  doctrine  of  the  functions 
is  called. 

FUNCTIONAL,  Functiona'lis,  (F.)  Fonction- 
vel.  Relating  or  belonging  to  the  function  of  an 
organ,  or  to  the  functions  in  general. 

Functional  or  vital  phenomena  are  those  pro- 
duced by  some  modification  in  the  action  of  an 
organ  or  organs,  in  contradistinction  to  those  of 
a  material  or  physical  character  ; — thus  we  distin- 
guish the  functional  phenomena  of  phthisis  from 
those  indicated  by  physical  diagnosis — the  phys- 
ical phenomena. 

FtiNCTioNAL  Diseases,  see  Organic  Diseases. 

FUND  A,  'a  sling.'  Sphen'done,  (F.)  Fronde. 
A  bandage,  composed  of  a  fillet  or  long  com- 
press, cleft  at  its  extremities  to  within  about  two 
inches  of  its  middle.  It  is  used  in  diseases  of  the 
nose  and  chin,  and  especially  in  cases  of  fracture 
of  the  lower  jaw.  In  such  case  it  has,  also,  been 
called  Mentnnniire,  because  placed  beneath  the 
chin:  from  (F.)  Menton,  'the  chin.' 

FUNDAMENT,  Anus— f.  Falling  down  of  the, 
Proctocele. 

FUNDAMEN'TAL,  from /(/uriare,  'to  found; 
to  lay  the  bottom  of  any  thing.'  (F.)  Fonda- 
inentid.  Some  anatomists  have  called  the  sacrum 
Os  Fundamenta'lc,  because  it  seems  to  serve  as  a 
base  to  the  vertebral  column.  The  sphenoid  bone 
lias  likewise  been  so  denominated,  from  its  being 
situate  at  the  base  of  the  cranium. 


FUNDUS,  'the  bottom.'  (F.)  Fond.  The 
base  of  any  organ  which  ends  in  a  neck,  or  bns 
an  external  aperture ;  as  the  Fundus  vcsicaj,  F. 
uteri,  Ac.     Also,  the  Vulva. 

FuNDiTs  Vacjin^;,  Laqucar  vagina'. 

FUNES  CORDIS.  Cokunniu  carncic— f  Semi- 
circularcs.  Semicircular  canals. 

FUNGIFORM  PAPILLAE,  see  Papillsc  of  the 
Tongue. 

FUN'GOID,  Funf/o'i'des,  Myco'des,  Funyifor'. 
mis,  Fun'yiform,  (F.)  Fongo'idc,  Fon g if orme,  trom 
fungus,  'a  mushroom,' and  ti^oj,  'resemblance.' 
That  which  has  the  shape  of,  or  grows  in  some 
measure  like  a  mushroom,  as  the  fungoid  or/iin- 
giform  papillae  of  the  tongue. 

FUiNGoii)  Disi;ask,  Encephaloid. 

FUNGOS'ITY,  Fnngos'itas,  Caro  lu.ru'rians 
sou  fungo'sa,  Ecsarcn'ma,  l/i/pcrsarco'ma,  Ily. 
persarco'sis.  Proud  Flesh,  (P.)  Fougusite.  Tho 
quality  of  that  which  is  fungous:  —  fungous  ex- 
crescence, Fxcrescen'tia  fungo'sa.  The  fungosi- 
ties  which  arise  in  wounds  or  ulcers  are  easily 
repressed  by  gentle  compression,  dry  lint,  the 
sulphas  cupri,  or  other  gentle  caustics.  At  timeg, 
the  more  powerful  are  necessary,  and  sometiiues 
excision  is  required. 

FUNGOUS,  Fungo'sus,  (F.)  Fongnenx.  Ilav- 
ing  the  characters  of  fungosity  or  fungus  —  as  a 
fungous  wound. 

FUNGUS,  Myccs,  (oipoyyos,)  (F.)  Fongus,  Cham- 
pignon. The  munhroom  order  of  plants;  clnss 
Cryptogamia,  in  the  Linntean  system.  In  I'uih- 
ology,  the  word  is  commonly  used  synonymously 
with  fungosity,  myco'sis.  M.  Breschet  has  pro- 
posed to  restrict  the  term  fungosity  to  vegetations 
which  arise  on  denuded  surfaces,  and  to  ajiply 
the  term  fungus  to  the  tumours  which  form  in  the 
substance  of  the  textures,  without  any  external 
ulceration.  Fici  and  warts,  for  example,  would 
be  fungi  of  the  skin. 

Fungus  Albus  Saligneus,  Dsedalea  suaveo- 
lens  —  f.  Articuli,  Spina  ventosa  —  f.  Bleeding, 
Ilivmatodes  fungus  —  f.  Cancrosus  ha3niatodcs, 
Hiematodes  F.  —  f.  Cancrosus  medulhiris,  see 
Encephaloid — f.  Cerebralis,  see  Encephaloid — f. 
Cerebri,  Encephalocele  —  f.  Chirurgoruni,  Lyco- 
perdon  —  f.  Cynosbati,  Bedeguar — f.  Faginosus, 
Morchclla  esculenta — f  Hannatodes,  llwinatodes 
fungus — f.  Igniarius,  Boletus  igniarius — f.  Larieis, 
Boletus  larieis — f.  of  Malta,  Cynomorion  cocci- 
neum — f.  Medullaris,  see  Encephaloid — f  Melan- 
odes.  Cancer,  melanotic — f.  Melitensis,  Cynomo- 
rion coccinenm  —  f.  Pctraeus  marinus.  Umbilicus 
marinus — f.  Quercinus,  Boletus  igniarius — f.  Ro- 
sarum,  Bedeguar — f.  Salieis,  Daedalea  suaveolens 
— f.  Sambucinus,  Peziza  auricula. 

FUNIC  BELLOWS'  SOUND,  see  Bellows' 
Sound,  funic. 

FUNICULI  GRAC'ILES,  (diminutive  of 
funis,  'a  cord,')  Posle'rior  Jfe'dlan  Columns  or 
Fascic'uli  of  the  medul'ln  ollonga'la.  Along  the 
posterior  border  of  each  corpus  restifornie,  and 
separated  from  it  by  a  groove,  is  a  narrow  white 
cord,  separated  from  its  fellow  by  the  fissura  lon- 
gitudinalis  posterior.  The  pair  of  cords  are  the 
funiculi  graciles.  Each  funiculus  forms  an  en- 
largement— processus  cliivatus — at  its  upper  end, 
and  is  then  lost  in  the  corpus  rcstiforme. 

FuNic'uLi  Sii/iQU.«.  Longitudinal  fibres  seen 
in  the  groove  which  separates  the  corpus  olivaro 
from  the  corpus  pyramidale  and  corjuis  restiforme. 
They  enclose  the  base  of  the  corpus  oli  vare, — those 
which  lie  on  its  inner  side  forming  the  fu»ic'id\ia 
inter'nus  ;  and  those  on  its  outer  side  the  funicu- 
lus ejternns. 

FUNICULUS,  Cord— f.  Externus,  see  Funiculi 
siliquie  —  f.  Internus,  see  Funiculi  siliiiuai  — f. 
Spermaticus,  Spermatic  cord— f.  Ty  mpani,  Chorda 
tympani. 


FUNIS 


409 


FUTUTRIX 


Fl'NIC'nLIIS  TImBILICA'MS,  Fiuiin  umhih'-rn'lln. 
fiileiitiii'iilum,  Vut'eulum  umbilica'le,  Umbil' itiil 
vord.  Novel  string,  diminutive  of  Funis,  'a  cord.' 
(F.)  Cordon  owbiiicfile.  A  cord-like  substance, 
wliioti  extends  from  the  placenta  to  the  umbilicus 
(if  the  fcc'tus.  It  is  composed  of  the  chorion,  am- 
nion, an  albuminous  secretion  called  the  Jelii/  of 
thu  Cord,  cellular  substance,  an  umbilical  vein, 
and  two  iimbiliciil  arteries.  The  former  conveys 
the  hlood  from  the  placenta  to  the  foetus  —  the 
hitter  return  it.  All  these  parts  are  surrounded 
1/V  n  sheath  —  Invextilu'ra  seu  Vo//i'nu  /iinlc'uli 
u'mhilica'liH.  Its  usual  length  is  from  16  to  22 
inohe.'*. 

Fir.N'ici'i.iis  Varicosus,  Cirsoccle. 

FUNIS,  Cord,  Laqueus — f.  Argenteus,  Medulla 
spinalis — f.  Ilippocratis,  Achillis  tendo— f.  Umbi- 
liealis,  Funiculus  umbilicalis. 

FUNK,  15oletus  igniarius. 

FUNNRL,  see  Infundibulum. 

FUR.  Endnit. 

FUllCKLLA,  Fur'cida  ;  diminutive  of  fnron, 
'a  fork.'  The  upper  part  of  the  sternum,  the 
cliiviclo.     The  Fourchclle. 

Fi'itcKi.i.A  Tnpkhior,  Xiphoid  cartilage. 

FUKCU.MUIIL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
The.se  Bavarian  springs  contain  carbonic  acid, 
sulphuretted  hydrogen,  carbonates  of  lime  and 
s'lila;  chlorides  of  lime  and  magnesium,  oxides 
of  iron  and  magnesium,  &c. 

FUKCIFRRA.  Penis. 

FUROFLLA,  FourcJietle. 

FURCULA,  Fureella,  Clavicle,  FonrcJictte. 

FURFAlt   UTERINE.  Nymphomania. 

FURFUR,  (from  far,  'bran,')  liran,  Pit'yron. 
Arh'yroii.  Apoliron'tno,  Lemnid,  Cantnbrn'no,  (F.) 
l<im.  The  decoction  is  sometimes  employed  as 
an  emollient. 

FURFURA,  Scarf. 

FURFURA'CEOUS,  from  furfur,  'bran.' 
flcurfy,  Canivii'cenus,  Fithyri'  nu8,  Fityroides, 
Piti/ni'deH,  (F.)  Furfurace.  Resembling  bran. 
A  name  given  to  eruptions,  in  which  the  epider- 
mis is  detached  in  small  scales  resembling  bran. 
Al.<o,  a  hran-like  sediment  observed  at  times  in 
the  urine  ;  —  Urina  furfura'ce<t,  Sedinien'tnm 
Vri'iia;  plti/ro'idea. 

FURFURAMIDE,  see  Furfurinc. 

FURFURATIO,  Desquamation,  Porrigo,  Pity- 
riasis. 

FUR'FURINE,  Furfiri'nn,  from  furfur, 
'bran.'  By  the  action  of  dilute  xtdphuric  acid  on 
com  meal  or  bran  an  oil  is  obtained— /(((y'lo-o^  or 
furfnrnle.  By  the  action  of  ammonia  on  this, 
fiirfurainide  or  furfuroltimide  results:  and  by  the 
action  of  dilute  potassa  on  this  the  alkaloid  fur- 
fnrine  is  obtained.  This  was  found  by  Professor 
Simpson,  of  Edinburgh,  to  possess  tonic,  if  not 
ontipericidio,  properties. 

FURFURISCA,  Pitvriasis. 

FURFUROL,  .see  Furfurine. 

FURFUROLAMTDE.  see  Furfurine. 

FU'RIA  INFERNA'LIS.  A  kind  of  vermi- 
form insect,  scarcely  two  lines  long,  common  in 
Sweden,  which  flies  about  and  stings  both  man 
and  animals,  exciting  the  most  excruciating 
torture. 

FURrBUNDIIS,  Maniodes. 

FURrOSUS,  Maniodes. 

FURIOU.-^.  Maniodes. 

FURMA(5E,  Cheese. 

FURMENTY,  Frument. 

FURNAS,    MINERAL    "WATERS    OF.      A 


thermal  chalybeate  water  in  St.  Michael's,  Azores, 
which  contains  carbonic  acid,  and  carbonate  of 
iron. 

FURONCLE,  Furun cuius. 

FUR  ONCL E  G UNIFIER.  A  majignant  boil, 
Wasp's  next  boil,  which  generally  attacks  the 
nape  and  region  of  the  neck,  and  rarely  others 
than  old  people.  Hence  it  has  been  called  Old 
People's  boil. 

FURONCULEUX,  Furuncular. 

FUROR,  Mania— f.  Brevis,  Rage  — f.  Mania, 
Mania- -f.  Uterinus,  Nymphomania. 

FURRED,  sec  Endnit. 

FURROW,  MENTO- LABIAL,  see  Mento- 
labiiil  furrow. 

FURUN'CULAR,  J'Hnni'cH?o»s,/'i(n(nc((fo'«i(«, 
(F.)  Furonculeux.  Relating  or  appertaining  to 
furunculus. — as  'a, furuncular  epidemic.' 

FURUNCULI  ATOMCI,  Ecthyma  — f.,  Ven- 
triculus,  see  Furunculus. 

FURUN'CULOID,  Fumnculoi'des.  A  hybrid 
term,  from  furunculus,  and  £i(!os,  'resemblance.' 
Resembling  furunculus, — as  'a  furunculoid  epi- 
demic' 

FURUN'CULUS,  from  farere,  'to  be  mad.' 
Clii'adus,  Olri'oli,  Doth'ien,  Dolhion,  Furun'cnlua 
suppurato'riua,  F.  Verus,  F.  beniy'nus,  PInj ma  fu- 
run'cuius,  Absces'sus  inicle<t'tus,  a  furuncle,  a  boil, 
a  bile,  (Sc.)  Bruick,  Jiruk,  (Prov.)  Pinsiceaf;  (F.) 
Fnroncle,  Fronde,  Clou.  A  small  phlegmon, 
which  appears  under  the  form  of  a  conical,  hard, 
circumscribed  tumour,  having  its  seat  in  the  der- 
moid te.xture.  At  the  end  of  an  uncertain  period, 
it  becomes  pointed,  white  or  yellow,  and  gives 
exit  to  pus  mixed  with  blood.  When  it  breaks, 
a  small,  grayish,  fibrous  mass  sometimes  a])pears, 
which  consists  of  dead  areolar  tissue.  Thi.s  is 
called  the  Core,  Setfast,  Vcntric'ulus  seu  Nucleus 
Furun' culi,  (F. )  liourbillon.  The  abs(!css  does 
not  heal  until  after  its  separation.  The  indica- 
tions of  treatment  are, — to  discuss  by  the  appli- 
cation of  leeches  and  warm  fomentations;  —  or, 
if  thLs  cannot  be  done,  to  encourage  suppuration 
by  warm,  emollient  cat:iplasms.  When  suppu- 
ration is  entirel^v  established,  the  part  may  be 
opened  or  suffered  to  break,  according  to  circum- 
stances. 

The  term  blind  boil  is  given  to  an  indolent, 
imperfectly  suppurating,  phlegmonous  tumour, 
of  the  kind  described  above,  which  is  often  seated 
in  a  sebaceous  follicle,  as  in  Acne  indurate. 

Fuiiu-vcuLU."?  Gangr^nosus,  Anthrax — f.  Ma- 
lignns.  Anthrax. 

FUSARIA  VERMICULARIS,  Ascaris  vermi- 
cularis  —  f.    Visceralis    et     renalis,    Strongylus 

FUSEE  PURULENTE  (F.).  The  long  and 
sinuous  route  which  pus  takes,  in  certain  cases, 
in  making  its  way  to  the  surface.  These  Fusees 
almost  always  form  jeiieath  the  skin  between  the 
muscles;   or  along  aponeuroses,  bones,  tendons, 

FUSEL  OIL,  see  Oil,  fusel. 

FUSIBLE,  see  Fusion. 

FUSIBILITY,  see  Fusion. 

FUSION,  Fu'sio,  Melting,  Liqucfac'tion  ;  from 
fundere,  fusuni,  'to  melt.'  In  chyniistry,  the 
transition  of  a  solid  body  into  a  liquid  by  the  aid 
of  heat.  Substances  capable  of  such  transition 
are  said  to  be  fusible  ;  or  to  be  possessed  of /iisi- 
biliii/. 

FUSTIC  TREE,  Cladastris  tinctoria. 

FUTUTRIX,  Tribas. 


GAB 


410 


GALACTOPOSIA 


G. 


The  Greek  G,  r,  with  the  ancient  Greek  phy- 
sicians, signified  an  ounce. — Rhod.  ad  Seribonium. 

GAB,  Mouth. 

GABALLA,  Cabal. 

GABELLA,  Mesophryon. 

G.'VBIR'EA,  yafiipea.  A  fatty  kind  of  myrrh, 
mentioned  by  DioscoriJos. 

GADUS  iEGLIFINUS,  see  Oleum  jecoris 
aselli  —  g.  Callarias,  see  Oleum  jecoris  aselli  —  g. 
Carbonarius,  see  Oleum  jecoris  aselli  —  g.  Lota, 
see  Oleum  jecoris  aselli — g.  Merluocius,  sec  Oleum 
jecoris  aselli  —  g.  Morrhua,  see  Oleum  jecoris 
aselli — g.  PoUachius,  see  Oleum  jecoris  aselli. 

G^OPHAGIA.  Geophagism. 

GiEOPH'AGUS,  from  yaia,  'earth,'  and  (paydi, 
•I  eat.'     One  who  eats  earth. 

GAGEL,  Myrica  gale. 

GAGUE  SANG,  Caque-sang. 

GAHET,  CcKjot. 

GATAC,  Guaiacura. 

GAILLET  ACCROCHANT,  Galium  aparine 
— </.  Orockant,  Galium  aparine — </.  Jaune,  Galium 
verum — jr.  Vrai,  Galium  verum. 

GAINE,  Vagina  or  sheath — </.  de  I'Apnphi/se 
atyhj'ide,  Vaginal  process  of  the  temporal  bone — 
g.  de  la  Veine  parte,  Vagina  or  sheath  of  the  vena 
porta. 

GAITLING,  Infans. 

GALA,  yaXa,  genitive  yaXajcro;,  milk;  hence: 

GALACTACRA'SL\.  from  yaXa,  and  axpaaia, 
'imperfect  mixture.'  A  morbid  mixture  or  con- 
stitution of  the  milk. 

GALACTACRATIA,  Galactia. 

GALACT^E'MIA,  from  ya\a,  and  ' aijia,  'blood.' 
A  condition  of  the  blood  in  which  it  contains 
milk. 

GALACTAGOGA,  Galaetopoetica. 

GALACTAPOSTEMA,  Mastodynia  apostema- 
tosa. 

GALACTIA,  GalactirrJiop'a,  Gnlnctorrlnr'n, 
from  yaXa.  Lactis  redund<tn't!n,  Pol;/r/nl,ac't}n, 
Gdhtctoze'mia.  A  redundant  flow  of  milk,  either 
in  a  female  who  is  suckling,  or  in  one  who  is  not. 
It  may  occur  without  being  provoked  by  suck- 
ling. When  to  a  great  extent,  it  sometimes  causes 
wasting;  I'ahes  lac'ten,  T.  uutri'cnni.  Dr.  Good 
uses  Gdlac'lia,  in  his  Nosology,  for  'morbid  flow 
or  deficiency  of  milk,'  Galactucrati'a. 

GALACflCUS,  Lactic. 

GALACTIDRO'SIS,  from  ya\a,  and  'i^p^un, 
'sweating.'     Sweating  of  milk. 

GALACTIFER,  Galactophorous. 

GALACTINE,  Casein. 

GALACTINUS.  Lactic. 

GALACTIRRHGEA,  Galactia. 

GALACTIS,  Galaxias. 

GALACTIS'CIIESIS,  Galactos'chesis,  Lacfii 
reten'tio,  from  ya\a,  and  lax^iv,  'to  restrain.' 
Retention  or  suppression  of  milk. 

GALACTITES,  Galaxias. 

GALACTOCATARACTA,  Cataract,  milky, 

GALACTOCE'LE,  Gnhicton'om,  Lactoce'le, 
from  yaXa,  and  KtjXij,  'a  tumour.'  Tumor  lac'teiis. 
Distension  of  one  or  more  of  the  galactophorous 
sinuses  by  milk.  Lactiferous  engorgement.  The 
French  use  the  term  Foil  for  such  engorgement; 
a  relic  of  an  idea,  as  old  as  Aristotle,  that  a  hair 
BWiiUowed  may  have  obstructed  one  of  the  milk 
tubes,  which  must  be  got  rid  of  by  sucking. 

The  name  has,  also,  been  given  by  Vidal  de 
Cassis  to  a  tumour  produced  by  an  effusion  of  a 


white  liquid  into  the  tunica  vaginalis,  which  he 
considered  to  be  true  milk. 

GALACTODEN'DRON  U'TILE,  from  yaXa, 
and  6cvSpov,  'a  tree.'  Pulo  de  Vucea,  Aibol  de 
Leche,  Cuw  tree  of  South  America.  Fdinili/,  Ur- 
ticacciB.  When  an  incision  is  made  into  the 
trunk,  a  fluid  similar  to  milk  flows  out,  which  is 
agreeable  and  nutritious. 

GALACTO'DES.  from  yaXa,  and  cdof,  'resem- 
blance.' In  Hippocrates,  the  term  signifies  milk- 
warm,  and  likewise  a  milky  colour,  as  of  the  urino 
— iirl'iia  galdcto'des. 

GALACTODI^'TA,  DicB'tn  /ac'iea,  from  yaXa, 
and  SiaiTa,  'diet.'     A  milk  diet. 

GALACTODIARRIiffiA,  Coeliac  Flux. 

GALACTOGANGLION,  Milk  knot. 

GALACrOHTE'.MIA,  Galiuthat'mu,,  Gnla'mia, 
from  yaXa,  and  'aiyiu,  'blood.'  Lartin  xtfif/iiiiiD- 
len'ti  Excre'tio.  The  secretion  of  bloody  ur 
bloodlike  milk. 

GALACTOMASTOPARECTOMA,  Mastody- 
nia aposteniiitosa. 

GALACTOM'ETER,  Lactom'eter,  from  yaXa, 
and  nerpov,  'measure.'  An  instrument  for  nppre- 
oiating  the  quantity  of  cream  in  milk.  It  is  a 
kind  of  graduated  separatory  or  eproiwette  —  tlio 
degrees  on  the  scale  indicating  the  thickness  of 
the  layer  of  cream  that  forms  on  the  surface  of 
the  milk. 

GALACTONCUS,  Galactoeele. 

GALACTOPH'AGOUS,  Gahictoph'arpis,  Lne- 
tiv'oriis,  sometimes  used  substantively ;  i'roin 
yaXa,  and  (puyuj,  'I  eat.'  That  which  feeds  on 
milk.  A  name  given  to  certain  people,  with 
whom  milk  appears  to  constitute  the  chief  nou- 
rishment. 

GALACTOPIIORA,  Galaetopoetica. 

GALACTOPIiORITIS.  Inflammation  of  the 
galactophorous  ducts.  It  has  been  inaccurately 
used  for  ulceration  of  the  top  of  the  nipple 
towards  their  orifices. 

GALACTOPHOROUS,  Lactiferous— g.  Ducts, 
Lactiferous  ducts — g.  Receptacle,  see  Lactiferous 
vessels  —  g.  Sac,  see  Lactiferous  vessels  —  g. 
Sinuses,  see  Lactiferous  vessels. 

GALACTOPH'ORUS.  Some  accoucheurs  have 
given  this  name  to  an  instrument  intended  to  fa- 
cilitate sacking,  when  the  faulty  conformation  of 
the  nipple  prevents  the  child  from  laying  hold 
of  it. 

GALACTOPH'YGUS,  from  y,iXa,  and  4,a>yciv, 
'to  shun.'  That  which  arrests  or  disperses  the 
secretion  of  milk.  Hence  Galactoph'i/gn  Medi- 
camen'tn. 

GALACTOPLA'NIA,  Metas'taaig  sen  Ahcr- 
rn'tio  seu  VicR  extraijrdina'rim  Incti's,  G(diict(jr- 
rhie'a  erro'nea,  from  yaXa,  and  nXavrj,  'wiimler- 
ing.'  Extravasation  of  milk  into  the  areoliir 
membrane.  Secretion  of  milk  elsewhere  than 
from  the  breasts. 

GALACTOPLERO'SIS,  from  yaXa,  and  rXn- 
puais,  'repletion.'     Redundance  of  milk. 

GALACTOPOEA,  Galaetopoetica. 

GALACTOPOESIS,  Galactosis. 

GALACTOPOET'ICA,  Goh.ctoph'ora,  Galnc 
tago'gn,  Giilacfiiprie'd,  from  ynXa,  and  Troitu,  'I 
make.'  Substances  to  which  has  been  attributed 
the  property  of  favouring  the  secretion  of  milk 
and  augmenting  its  quantity. 

GALACTOPOIESIS,  Galactosis. 

GALACTOPO'SIA,    from    yaXa,    and    noati, 


GALACTOPOTES 


411 


GALIUM 


'drink.'     The  drinking  of  milk.     Treatment  of 
a  disoiise  l>y  ineiins  of  milk. 

GALACTOP'OTE.S,  Gnluciop'otHK,  Lactip'otor. 
Siiiiiu  etymon.  A  drinker  of  milk.  One  sub- 
jected to  a  milk  diet. 

GAL.ACTOPYKA,  Fever,  milk. 
GALACTOPYRETUS,  Fever,  milk. 
GALACTORRlia<]A,    Galactia  — g.    Erronea, 
Giiliifto[jlania  —  g.    Saccharata,    Saccharorrhoea 
hi';  tea. 

(JALACTO.SACCHARUM,  Saccharum  lactis. 

GALACT0.SC1IESIS,  G;ilactischesis. 

GALACTO'SIS,  Gultictopoie'sis,  Galactopoe'- 
sin,  S'cie'iio  liictiH ;  from  yaXa.  The  secretion 
or  formation  of  milk.   _ 

(JALACTOT'ROPHE,  Galactntroph'ia,  from 
yaXa,  and  rpii'lirt,  'nourishment.'  Nourishment 
by  means  of  milk. 

(JALACTOZE'MIA,  from  ya\a,  and  ^nfia, 
'li).«s.'     Lops  of  milk.     Also,  Galactia. 

GALACTU'CIIOS,  from  yaXa,  and  i^eiv,  'to 
have.'     Suckling.     Giving  milk. 

GALACTURIA,  Chyluria. 

GAIiiE-MTA,  Galactohajmia. 

GA1jAN(}A,  Maranta  galanga. 

GALAiVGAL,  Maranta  galanga, 

GA  LANG  ALE,  Cyporus  longus. 

(iALARIKEUS  LATIIYRIS,  Euphorbia  la- 
tbvris — g.  Palustris,  Euphorbia  palustris. 

GAIiARIl'S.  Alliimanda. 

GALAX  APIIYL'LA,  G.  rotundifo'lia,  Ery- 
ihroi-rhi'zd  rotiiudifd'Ha  ;  Cnrpenter'a  leaf,  Beetle- 
weed ;  indigenous;  Order  Ericaceaj.  The  root  is 
astringent,  and  the  leaves,  in  domestic  practice, 
are  applied  to  cuts  and  wounds. 

GALA XI A,  Thoracic  duct. 

G  ALAXTAS,  Gnhtcti'len,  Grdne'tis ;  from  yaXa. 
A  milk  sti)ne.  A  stone  sup|)osed  to  be  capable 
of  t>i'omoliiig  the  secretion  of  milk. 

GALRANUM,  see  Bubon  galbanum — g.  Long- 
leaved,  Buhon  galbanum. 

GA1/1!ULUS,  from  gnjbnn,  'yellow.'  A  kind 
of  congenital  jaundice,  in  which  the  yellow  colour 
cuntiiiues  through  life.  It  is  rather  a  defect  in 
colimr  than  a  disease. — Vogel. 

GALE.  Myrica  gale — g.  Odorant,  Myrica  gale 
— g.  Scotch,  Myrica  gale — g.  Sweet,  Myrica  gale. 

GALE,  Psora  —  g.  Canine,  Psoriasis — g.  Epi- 
dfmique.  Eczema — g.  Miliai're,  Psoriasis  —  g. 
Seclie,  Lichen,  Psoriasis. 

GA'LEA.  A  helmet,  from  Y''^^<'t  '"■  cat;'  of 
the  skin  of  which  it  was  formerly  made.  [?]  A 
name  given  to  the  amnion,  and  also  to  the  band- 
Qije  of  Giihn.  In  Pathohigy,  it  indicates  a  head- 
ach  affecting  the  whole  head.     Sec,  also,  Caul. 

Galba  Aponkiirot'ica  Cap'itis,  Ga'lea  ten- 
diii'en  Santori'ni,  Ga'len  cap'itis,  Jfembra'na 
epiera'nin.  The  tendinous  expansion  which 
unites  the  frontal  and  occipital  portions  of  the 
occipito-fron talis  muscle. 

GALEAMAUROSIS.  Amaurotic  cat's  eye. 

GALEAN'CON,  Galian'con,  from  yaXca,  '& 
cnt,'  'a  weasel,'  and  ayKiav,  'an  elbow.'  Miiste- 
Iti'iiens.     One  who  has  two  short  arms. 

GALE  A  i\ '  T II  R  0  P  Y,  Galeanthro'pia,  from 
ynXtii,  'a  cat,'  and  av^pionof,  'a  man.'  A  variety 
of  melancholy  in  which  the  patient  believes  him- 
self changed  into  a  cat.  An  affection  similar  to 
lyeanthropy  and  cynanthropy. 

G/VLE'GA,  G,  or/icina'lis  sexi  rtdga'ris  sen  Per'- 
eira,  Rutn  eapra'ria,  Goal's  Rue,  (F.)  line  de 
rhivri',  Fan.r  Indigo.  Ord.  Loguminosae.  It  is 
slightly  aromatic,  and  was  once  used  as  a  sudo- 
rific and  alexiterial  in  malignant  fevers,  &c. 

Gai.koa  .\poi.lixka,  Tephrosia  apoUinea  —  g. 
Persica.  (rnlega  —  g.  Purpurea,  Tephrosia  apolli- 
nea — g.  Toxicaria.  Tephroeia  toxicnria. 

GaI,i;':v  ViiuiiNIA'na,  T'pliro'aia  Virginia'nn, 
Turkey  Pea,  Hoar'!/  Pea,  Devil's  shoestrings,  Vir- 


ginia Goat's  rue  or  cat-gut,  is  used  in  some  parts 
of  the  United  States  as  an  anthelmintic.     The 
decoction  of  the  root  is  given. 
Galkga  Vulgaris,  Galega. 
GALENE,  Graphites. 
GALEN E A,  Graphites. 

GALEN'IC,  Galen'ical,  Galen'icus,  Gale'nxus, 
(F.)  Galeniqne,  from  Galenus.  That  which  re- 
lates to  the  doctrine  of  GalenortoGalenism.  Used, 
substantively,  for  drugs  that  are  not  chymical. 

Galenic  Mhdicink,  Galenism. 

GA'LENISM,  Galeu'ic  med'ieine.  The  doc- 
trine of  Galen. 

GA'LENIST,  Galenis'ta,  Galenis'tes.  A  fol- 
lower of  the  doctrine  of  Galen. 

GALENIUS,  Galenic. 

GALEOBDOLON,  Galeopsis. 

GALEOPDOLON,  Galeopsis. 

GALEOPSIDE,  Galeopsis  grandiflora. 

GALEOPSIS,  Lamium  album. 

Galkop'sis,  G'lliiip'sis,  Galeob'dolon,  Galeop'- 
dolon,  La'mium  rubrvni,  Urti'cn  iiiers  magna  fve- 
tidia'eima,  Stachys  fee'tida,  Hedge  nettle,  (F.) 
Ortie  morte  des  bois.  Ord.  Labiatie.  From  yii\ta, 
'a  weasel,'  and  oi^ij,  'appearance;'  the  c<jrolhi 
having  been  supposed  to  resemble  the  head  of 
the  weasel.  This  plant  was  formerly  reckoned  a 
vulnerary  and  anodyne. 

Galropsis  Angustipolia,  G.  grandiflora  —  g. 
Dubia,  G.  grandiflora. 

Galkop'sis  Grandiflo'ra,  G.  Orhrolen'ca  seu 
la'dannni  seu  angustifo'lia  seu  dn'bia  seu  pros- 
tra'ta  seu  vilfo'sa,  Tetrahit  longiflo'rnm,  G.  Seg"- 
ctum,  flerba  Sideri'tidis,  (F.)  Gnleopxide,  Chaiivre 
butiird.  This  plant  is  regarded  in  Germany  as  a 
bitter  resolvent.  It  is  the  basis,  also,  of  a  cele- 
brated nostrum,  the  Plankenheimer  'Tea,  called 
likewise  Lieber's  jyectoral  and  phthisical  herbs 
(Liebersche  Brust  oder  Auszehrungs- 
Krauter),  which  has  enjoyed  great  repute  in 
pectoral  complaints.  The  tops  of  the  plant  are 
given  in  decoction  (,^j,  boiled  in  a  pint  of  water 
for  a  quarter  of  an  hour).  This  quantity  to  be 
taken  in  a  day. 

Galkopsis  Ladanum,  G.  grandiflora — g.  Ochro- 
leuca,  G.  grandiflora — g.  Prostrata,  G.  grandiflora 
— g.  Segetum,  6.  grandiflora. 

Galeop'sis  Versic'olor,  is  possessed  of  the 
same  virtues. 

Galeopsis  Villosa,  G.  grandiflora. 

GALEROPIA,  O.Kyopia. 

GALEUX,  Psoric. 

GA'LIA.  An  ancient  composition,  in  which 
galls  were  an  ingredient;  the  Galia  pura.  There 
was  also  a  Galia  aroinat'ica,  moscha'ta  seu  mns- 
ca'ta,  which  consisted  of  a  mixture  of  several 
perfumes,  such  as  musk. 

GALIANCON,  Galeancon. 

GALIOPSIS,  Galeopsis. 

GALIP^A  FEBRIFUGA,  Cusparia  febrifuga 
— g.  Officinalis,  see  Cusparia  febrifuga. 

GALIPOT,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

GA'LIUM,  Gal'lium,  (from  ya\a,  'milk,'  be- 
cause some  species  curdle  milk.)     G.  verum. 

Galium  Album,  G.  Mollugo. 

Ga'lhtm  ApARl'Nli,  G.  infest'um  seu  aparino'i'- 
des  seu  brachycarp'on  seu  scaber'rimum,  Vidiin'tia 
apari'ne,  Apari'ne,  A.  his'pida.  Lappa,  Phihin- 
thro'pus,  Ampeloear'pus,  Oniphalocar'piis,  I.rns, 
Asphari'ne,  Asper'  nia.  Goose-grass.  Clearer's 
bees.  Cleavers,  Goose-share,  Robin-rnn-the-hed(p', 
Hayriff,  (Old  Eng.)  Clitheren,  (Prov.)  Clider,  Cli- 
ver  ;  Ocr/cr,  Rubiaceae ;  Sejr.  Syst.  Tetrandria  Mo- 
nogynia.  (F.)  Gaillet  oecrochant,G.crochant,Grat- 
teron.  The  expressed  juice  has  been  given  as  an 
aperient  diuretic  in  incipient  dropsies  ;  also  in 
cancer:  and  the  decoction  in  Lepra  and  Psoriasis. 

Galium  Aparanoides,  G.  aparine. 

Ga'lium  Asprell'cm,  Bough  bed-straic,  Bough 


GALL 


412 


GANGLION 


todies'  hed-straw ;    indigenous;    has  the  diuretic 
properties  of  most  of  its  genus. 

Galium  Beiachycarpon,  G.  aparine  —  g.  Cau- 
casicuin,  G.  veriim. 

Galium  CirC/F/zaxs,  WHd  Liquon're.  Master 
of  the  Woo<i.t.  An  indigenous  plant,  which  flow- 
ers from  June  to  August.  It  is  demulcent  and 
diuretic,  and  is  a  popular  domestic  remedy. 

Galium  Infeste,  G.  aparine  —  g.  Luteum,  Q. 
verum. 

Galium  MoLLn'oo,  Gnlinm  album  seu  Tyro- 
I-ii'k?,  Alys'sum  Plin'ii.  Greater  Indies'  bed-straw, 
(F.)  CixiUehiit  bldiir.  The  herb  and  flowers  have 
been  used  medicinally  in  epilepsy. 

Galium  OnouATUM,  Asperula  odorata — g.  Sca- 
berrimum,  G.  aparine. 

Ga'fjum  TiN'CTo'RUM.  an  American  species, 
closely  allied  in  properties  to  G.  verum. 

GALitrM  Tyrolense,  G.  mollugo — g.  Tubercu- 
liitum,  G.  verura. 

Ga'lium  Verum,  Gn'lium,  G.  hi'teum  seu  Can- 
Cd'siviim  seu  tuhercula'tum,  Ladies'  bed-straw, 
Cheese -rennet,  Bed -straw,  Cleavewort,  Gonse- 
(jrass,  Savnynn,  Clabber-grass,  Milksieeet,  Poor 
Jiobin,  Grnvel-grass,  (F.)  GaiUet  jaune  ou  vrni, 
Vrai  Caillelait.  The  tops  were  used  in  the  cure 
(.'■  epilepsy.  The  leaves  and  flowers  possess  the 
property  of  curdling  milk. 

GALL,  Bile,  see  Chafing,  and  Eczema  impetigi- 
nodes,  Quercus  infectoria,  and  Vitrum — g.  of  the 
I'iiirth,  Prenanthes,  P.  alba — g.  Nut,  see  Quercus 
infectoria — g.  of  the  Ox,  see  IJile — g.  of  the  Skin, 
Chafing — g.  Turkey,  see  Quercus  infectoria. 

GALL-BLADDER,  Vesie'nla  fellis,  Chol'c- 
C)/st,  Cholecys'tis,  FolUc'idiis  fellis,  Cystis  fel'Iea 
seu  chnled'ochiis,  Vesi'ca  fellea  seu  bilin'rin, 
Vesic'ida  bilis,  Follic'uliis  feVleus,  (F.)  Vesicule 
(hi  fiel  ou  bilitiire.  Reservoir  de  In  bile.  A 
membranous,  pyriform  reservoir,  lodged  in  a  su- 
ytorfieial  depression  at  the  inferior  surface  of  the 
right  lobe  of  the  liver.  It  receives,  by  the  hepa- 
tic and  cystic  ducts,  a  portion  of  the  bile  secreted 
by  the  liver,  when  the  stomach  is  empty,  which 
becomes  in  it  more  acrid,  bitter,  and  thick.  It 
receives  an  artery,  called  the  cystic.  Its  veins 
empty  into  the  vena  porta.  Its  nerves  come  from 
the  hepatic  plexus,  and  its  lymphatic  vessels  join 
tho'je  of  the  liver. 

GALLA,  see  Quercus  infectoria  —  g.  Maxima 
Orbiculata,  see  Quercus  infectoria. 

GALL^  QUERCUS,  see  Quercus  infectoria— 
g.  Tinctoriiic.  see  Quercus  infectoria — g.  Turcicae, 
see  Quercus  infectoria. 

GALLATURA,  Molecule. 

GALLE  DE  CHENE,  see  Quercus  infectoria. 

GALLI  GALLINACEI  CAPUT,  Gallinaginis 
caput. 

GALLTNAG"INIS  CAPUT,  GalU  gnllinn'cei 
C'iput,  Caput  gnllinn'ceum,  Collie'idus  semiua'b's, 
C'triin'culit  semitia'lis,  Vcru  montn'num,  Crista 
iirethra'h's  seu  nre'thrce,  Crete  urMtrnle,  —  (Ch.,) 
frnm  galliiiagt).  gallinaginis,  'a  woodcock.'  An 
oblong,  rounded  projection,  formed  by  the  mucous 
membrnne  in  the  spongy  portion  of  the  urethra, 
at  the  sides  of  which  the  ej.iculatory  ducts  open. 

GAL'LIPOT,  {Prov.)  Ghnnpot.  Perhaps  from 
gala,  'finery.'  [?]  A  pot  painted  and  glazed,  or 
merely  glazed,  and  commonly  used  to  hold  medi- 
cines. 

GALLTTRTCnUM,  Salvia  sclarea. 

GALLIUM,  Galium. 

G.\LLS,  see  Quercus  infectoria — g.  Bussorah, 
see  Quercus  infectoria  —  g.  Mecca,  see  Quercus 
infectoria. 

GALLSTCKNESS,  Fever,  Walcheren. 

GALLSTONES,  Calculi,  biliary. 

GALLUS,  Eunuch. 

GALREDA,  Gelatin, 


6ALVANIA  VELLOZIL  Palicourea  Marc- 
graavii. 

GALVANIC  CAUTERY,  see  Moxa. 

GA  L  VAX  ISA  TION,  (Jalvanization. 

GAL'VANISM,  Gatvanis'nins,  Etrctric"il„a 
auima'lis  seu  Galvan'ica  seu  metal'lica,  /rrila- 
tnen'inm  metallo'ruin  seu  metal'licum,  Vid'taism, 
Vdlta'ic  or  Chemical  or  Contact  Electricity.  Called 
after  Galvani.  A  series  of  phenomena,  eonsistiiii'' 
in  sensible  movements,  executed  bj'  animal  purls, 
which  are  endowed  with  irritability,  when  i)laccd 
in  connexion  with  two  metallic  plates  of  ditlcrent 
nature,  between  which  a  communication  i.«!  esta- 
blished by  direct  contact  or  by  means  of  a  metal- 
lic wire.  Galvanism  has  been  employed  ine<lici- 
nally  in  the  same  cases  as  electricity,  and  espe- 
cially in  neuralgic  afl'eetions.  It  is  ofien  applied 
in  the  form  of  plates, — "  Mansford's  plates."  In 
asthma,  for  example,  a  small  blister,  the  size  of  a 
dollar,  may  be  placed  on  the  neck  over  the  course 
of  the  phrenic  and  pneumogastric  nerves,  and 
another  on  the  side,  in  the  region  of  the  dia- 
phragm. One  metal  is  placed  mediately  or  im- 
mediately over  the  vesicated  surface  on  the  neck, 
and  another  over  that  in  the  side.  They  are 
then  connected  by  means  of  a  wire.  The  new 
nervous  impression,  in  this  way  induced,  is  often 
signallv  beneficial. 

GALVANIZATION,  Gah-anisa'tlo,  (F.)  Gid- 
vanisation.     The  act  of  affecting  with  galvanism. 

Galvanization,  Lo'calized.  (F.)  Gtilvnnim. 
tion  localisee.  A  mode  of  employing  galvanism, 
proposed  by  Duchenne,  of  Boulogne,  by  which,  ho 
conceives,  the  electric  influence  may  be  arrested, 
at  will,  in  the  skin;  or,  without  any  incision  or 
puncture,  the  skin  may  be  traversed,  and  the  elec- 
tric influence  be  limited  to  the  organs  which  it  co- 
vers— to  the  nerves,  muscles,  and  even  the  bones. 

GALVANOPUNCTURE,  Electropuncture. 

GAMBA,  Patella, 

GAMBARUS,  Crab. 

GAMBIER,  see  Catechu  and  Nauclea  gambir. 

GAMBIR,  see  Catechu  and  Nauelea  gambir. 

GAMBOGIA,  Cambogia. 

GAMBOIDIA,  Cambogia. 

GAMMARUS,  Crab. 

GAM'MATA  FERRAMEN'TA.  Cauteries, 
having  the  shape  of  the  Greek  letter  r,  gamma, 
which  were  used  for  cauterizing  hernia. 

GAMMAUT,  Gammot.  The  Italians,  accord- 
ing to  Scultetus,  gave  this  name  to  a  kind  of 
crooked  bistouri,  used  for  opening  abscesses, 

GAMMISMUS,  Psammismus. 

GAMPHE,  Gcna. 

GAMPHELE,  Gena,  Maxillary  Bone. 

GANGAME,  Epiploon. 

GAN(MMUM,  Epiploon. 

GANGLIA  CEREBRI  POSTICA,  Thalami 
nervorum  opticorum — g.  Formative,  see  Ganglion 
— g.  Hemispherical,  Hemispheres  of  the  hrain 
—  g.  of  Increase,  see  Ganglion  —  g.  Nervorum, 
Ganglions,  nervous,  see  Ganglion — g.  Respira- 
tory, see  Encephalon — g.  Sensory,  see  Sensory 
ganglia — g.  Stomato-gastric,  see  Encephalon. 

GANGLIAR,  Ganglionic. 

GANGLIATED,  Ganglionic. 

GANG'LIFORM,  Gang'lioform.  Gnnglifnr'mis. 
Having  the  shape  of  a  ganglion.  From  ganglion, 
and  forma,  'form.' 

GANGLIITIS.  Ganglionitis. 

GANGLI'OLUM,  Diminutive  of  ganglion.  A 
small  ganglion. 

GANGLIO'MA.  A  tumour  of  the  glands  or 
of  the  lymphatic  ganglions,  and  especially  epi- 
thelioma of  them. — Nysten. 

GANG'LTON,  Gang'lium.  In  anatomy,  a  name 
generally  given  to  a  knot-like  enlargement  in  the 
course  of  a  nerve.  It  is  applied,  however,  to 
organs  differing  considerably  from  each  other  in 


GANGLION 


413 


GANGRENE 


si/.e,    colour,    texture,  functions,  <tc.     They  are 
diviiled  into  (jlninHfi)im,  hjniphntic,  and  nervoiin. 
1.   Gliiiidifonn  (jaiKjl'iDHH,  called  also  ndeiioid,  vnn- 
tii/'(y,  and  Hanyaineona  giiiuiliunii ;   hliitd.  iiporic, 
diictleiH,    blood,    and    vascular    (jlnndu ;    (jUindalm 
Hfiurim,  <fec'.,  are  organs    of  whose   functions  we 
are,  in  general,  ignorant;    and  which    have  the 
U|)i)cnraiice  of  glands.     They  arc  formed  of  ag- 
glomerated globules,  pervaded   by  blood-vessels 
surrounded  by  areolar  membrane,  and  contain  a 
milky  or  yellowish  fluid.     To  this  class  belong  the 
tpleen,  thymus,  thyroid,  and  supra-renal  glands. 
They  arc,  doubtless,  concerned  in  sanguilieation. 
2.  Lijni}jli"t'ic  (/niii^lionn.   See  Conglobate.   3.  jVe/'- 
voim  (I'liKjIioHH,  GaiKjlia  seu  Gauglio'nea  seu  Nodi 
peu    Niid'idi    Nervo'ruui,    Tiimu'res    seu     Plexus 
ijniiijl inform' ea,  Ple.viin  glandi/or'mes,    Tuher'ctda 
iiodo'ia    Nervo'rum,   Divertic' tda    spiritumn    ani- 
via'liuiii,  Gdwjlia  of  iiicreime,  Forrn'iitine  (jany'lia. 
Enlargements  or  knots  in  the  course  of  a  nerve. 
They  belong,  in  general,  to   the  system  of  the 
great  sympathetic.     One  exists  on  the  posterior 
root  of  every  spinal  nerve,  and  on  one  cerebral, — 
the  5th.     Biehat  regarded  them  as  so  many  small 
brains,  or  centres  of  nervous  action,  independent 
of  the  eneephalon,  and  intended  exclusively  for 
organic  life.     Being  formed  by  the  union  of  the 
cerebral    and  spinal  nerves,   they  may  send  out 
the  influence  of  both  these  nervous  centres  to  the 
parts  to  which  the  nerves  proceeding  from  them 
are  distributed.     Ganglia  are  chiefly  composed  of 
vesiculiir  neurine;    and  appear  to  be  concerned 
in  the  formation  and  dispensation  of  nerve  power. 
(lANfii.io.v,  (yayyAto)-,  Aetius.)     Same  etymon. 
Empltij'ma  encys'tin  i/imglion.     A  globular,  hard, 
indolent  tumour,  without  change  in  the  colour  of 
the  skin  ;  of  a  size  varying  from  that  of  a  pea,  to 
that  of  an  egg,  and  always  situate  in  the  course 
of  a  tendon.     The  tumour  is  formed  of  a  viscid, 
albuminous  fluid,  contained  in  a  cyst  of  greater 
or  less  thickness.     The  cyst  is  sometimes  loose; 
but  in  the  majority  of  cases  it  communicates,  by 
a  narrow  footstalk,  with  the  sheath  of  a  tendon, 
or  even  with  the  synovial  capsule  of  a  neighbour- 
ing articulation.     The  causes  are  generally  un- 
known.    The  treatment  consists  in  compression, 
percussion,  the  use  of  discutients,  extirpation,  or 
incision. 

Ganglion  Abdomlvale,  G.  semilunar — g.  Ade- 
noid, (i.  glandiform  —  g.  of  Andersch,  Petrous 
ganglion  —  g.  Annular,  see  Ciliary  ligament  —  g. 
of  Arnold,  Oticum  ganglion  —  g.  Auricular,  Oti- 
cum  (}.  —  g.  Azygous,  see  Trisplanchnic  nerve  — 
g.  Cardiac,  Cardiac  ganglion  —  g.  Carotic  or  Ca- 
rotid, see  Carotid  or  Carotic  nerve  —  g.  Caver- 
nous, see  Carotid  or  Carotic  nerve  —  g.  Cerebelli, 
Corpus  dentatum — g.  Cerebral,  anterior,  Corpora 
striiita  —  g.  Cerebri  Anterius,  Corpora  striata  — 
g.  Cerebral,  iiiferienr,  grand,  Thalami  nervorum 
opticorum  —  g.  Cerebral,  posterior,  Thalami  ner- 
vorum optieornm — ;/.  dii  Cervelet,  Corpus  denta- 
tum—  g.  Ciliare,  Corpus  dentatum — g.  Ciliary, 
Ophthalmic  ganglion  —  g.  Corpuscles,  see  Neu- 
riue. 

Gangmon  op  Ehrenritt'er,  Gavglion  nervi 
gloein-phari/iii/e' i  niipe'riiii,  G.  jiigida're  supe'riiis 
seu  Elireiiritt'cri  seu  Mull'eri.  A  reddish-gray 
mass  on  the  glosso-pharyngeal  nerve  in  the  fora- 
men lacerum,  above  the  ganglion  of  Andersch. 
Qangi-ion  of  TtiK  Fifth  Nerve,  G.  of  Gasser. 
Ganglion  of  Gasser,  Gau'glinm  seu  Gan'- 
glion  Gasi'eri  seu  Gasserin'nnm  seu  aemiluna're, 
J/oles  gtnigU/orm'in,  fiitniiiescen'tia  gnugliforni'in 
seu  seniitiiiiti'ris,  Ta'nia  nervo'in  Unll'eri,  Gan- 
glion of  the  Jifih  nerre.  A  semicircular  knot  on 
the  5th  pair  of  nerves,  before  its  division  into 
three  branches. 

(Janglion,  Glandiform,  see  Ganglion  —  g. 
Globulcs,seo  Neurine — g.  Impar,see  Trisplanchnic 


nerve — g.  Jugulare  superius,  G.  of  Ehrenritter — g. 
Xi-nVe»x,  Milk-knot — g.  of  Laumonier,  see  Carotid 
or  Carotic  nerve — g.  Lenticular,  Ophthalmic  G. — 
g.  Lymphatic,  Conglobate  gland — g.  MuxUlu- 
tympanique,  Oticum  G. — g.  of  Meckel,  Spheno- 
palatine G. — g.  Mulleri,  G.  of  Ehrenritter  —  g. 
Nasopalatine,  see  Nasopalatine  ganglion  —  g. 
Nervi  glosso-pharyngei  superius,  G.  of  Ehrenrit- 
ter—  g.  Nervous,  Neuroma — g.  Ophthalmic,  see 
Ophthalmic  ganglion — g.  Optic,  Quadrigemina 
tubercula — g.  Orbitar,  G.  ophthalmic — g.  Oticum, 
Oticum  G. — g.  Petrosal,  see  Petrous  ganglion. 

Ganglion  op  the  Pneujiogas'tric.  A  gan- 
glionic structure  in  thepneumogastric  as  it  passes 
through  the  foramen  lacerum  posterius. 

Ganglion  op  Ribes.  A  nervous  ganglion  upon 
the  anterior  communicating  artery  of  the  brain, 
and  to  be  found  at  the  point  of  junction  of  the 
right  and  left  trunks  of  the  sympathetic. 

Ganglion,  Sanguineous,  G.  glandiform  —  g. 
Semilunare,  G.  of  Gasser,  Ophthalmic  ganglion 
— g.  Sensory,  see  Sensory  ganglia — g.  Solare,  G. 
semilunare — g.  Sphenoidal,  Sphenopalatine  gan- 
glion—  g.  Spinal,  see  Eneephalon  —  g.  Splanch- 
nicum,  G.  semilunare  —  g.  Superienr  du  cerrean 
(grand,)  Corpora  striata  —  g.  of  the  Superior 
Laryngeal  Branch,  see  Pneumo-gastric  nerves  — 
g.  Siirren(d,  G.  semilunare — g.  Thyroid,  see  Tri- 
splanchnic nerve — g.  Transversum,  G.  semilunare 

—  g.  Vascular,  G.  glandiform  —  g.  Vertebral,  see 
Trisplanchnic  nerve — g.  de  Vieunsens,  Coeliao 
plexus. 

GANGLIONARY,  Ganglionic. 

GANGLIONES  NEKVOllUxM,  Ganglions, 
nervous. 

GANGLION'IC,  Ganglion' icm,  Gan'glionnry, 
Gan'gliar,  Gan'giiated,  from  ganglion,  (F.)  Gan- 
glionnaire.  Relating  to  ganglia.  Nerves  are  so 
called  in  the  course  of  which  ganglions  are  met 
with  ;  as  the  greater  part  of  the  branches  of  the 
great  sympathetic  or  trisplanchnic,  the  posterior 
roots  of  the  spinal  nerves,  <S;c.  Ganglionics,  ac- 
cording to  Dr.  Pereira,  are  agents,  which  affect 
the  ganglionic  or  great  sympathetic  system  of 
nerves,  [?] — as  stimulants  and  sedatives. 

Ganglionic  Nerve.  Trisplanchnic  nerve  —  g. 
Nervous  System,  see  Trisplanchnic  nerve. 

GANGL'IONI'TIS,  Gang/ii'tin,  from  yayy>iov, 
'a  ganglion,'  and  itix,  denoting  inlianimation. 
Inflammation  of  a  nervous  ganglion.  Sometimes 
used  for  inflammation  of  a  lymphatic  ganglion. 

Ganglionitis  Peripuerica  et  Mepullaris, 
Cholera. 

GANGLTONNAIRE,  Ganglionic. 

GANGLIUM,  Ganglion — g.  Gasseri,  Ganglion 
of  Gasser. 

GANGR^NA,  Gangrene  — g.  Alopecia,  Alo- 
pecia— g.  Caries,  Caries — g.  Nosocomiorum,  Hos- 
pital gangrene  —  g.  Oris,  Cancer  aqiiatieus  —  g. 
Ossis,  Spina  ventosa  —  g.  Ossium,  Caries  —  g. 
Pottii,  see  Gangrene,  and  Gangrene  of  old  peojde 

—  g.  Pulinonum,  Nccroimeumonia  —  g.  Senilis, 
Gangrene  of  old  people — g.  Sphacelus,  Sphacelus 
— g.  Tonsillarum,  Cynanche  maligna — g.  Ustila- 
ginea,  Ergotism — g.  Vaginae,  Colpocace. 

GAXGR^EXESCENTIA,  Gangraenosis. 

GANGR.EXICUS,  Gangrenous. 

GANGR.TIXODES,  Gangrenous. 

GANGR.ENOPS'IS,  from  yayypaiva,  'gan- 
grene, ando\Us,  'tJie  countenance.'  Cancer  aquji- 
ticus ;  also,  gangrenous  inflammation  of  the  eye- 
lids ;  Jilephari'tin  gangrceno'sa. — Siebenhaar. 

GANGRjENO'SIS,  Gangrcsneicen'tia,  from 
yayypatva,  'gangrene.'  The  state  of  being  gan- 
grenous or  of  becoming  gangrenous. 

GANGR.EXOSUS,  Gangrenous. 

G.\NGREXE,  Gangra'na,  Cancrc'nn,  Hot  mnr. 
tifcation,  (F.)  Gangrene,  G.  Chaude,  Afplnj.rie  dca 
parties,  from  ypaa,  ypairu>,  '  I  eat.'     Privation  of 


GANGRENE  DE  LA  EOUCnE    414        GARULEUM    BIPINNATUM 


life  or  partial  death  of  an  organ.  Authors  have 
generally  distinguished  mortification  into  two 
stages;  naming  the  first  incipient  or  (/anc/rene. 
It  is  attended  with  a  sudden  diminution  of  feel- 
ing in  the  part  aft'ected  ;  livid  discoloration  ;  de- 
tachment of  the  cuticle,  under  which  a  turbid 
fluid  is  effused;  with  crepitation,  owing  to  the 
disengagement  of  air  into  the  areolar  texture. 
AVhen  the  part  has  become  quite  black,  and  in- 
capable of  all  feeling,  circulation,  and  life,  it  con- 
stitutes the  second  stage,  or  mortificdtion,  and  is 
called  sph(c"elu8.  (xangrene,  however,  is  fre- 
quently used  synonymously  with  mortification, — 
local  axphyxln  being  the  term  employed  for  that 
condition,  in  which  the  parts  are  in  a  state  of 
suspended  animation,  and,  consequently,  suscep- 
tible of  resuscitation.  When  the  part  is  filled 
with  fluid  entering  into  putrefaction,  the  affection 
is  called  hiimiii  yangrene,  (F.)  Gani/rene  Innnlde: 
on  the  other  hand,  when  it  is  dry  and  shrivelled, 
it  constitutes  rfry  (/n»_7;'P»e/  (F.)  Gangrene  seche. 
To  this  class  belongs  the  gangra'na  seiii'lis,  G. 
Pot'tii,  Prei^hyosphac'' etns,  or  upontaneous  gan- 
grene of  old  people,  which  rarely  admits  of  cure. 
Whatever  may  be  the  kind  of  gangrene,  it  may 
be  caused  by  violent  inflammation,  contusion,  a 
burn,  congelation,  the  ligature  of  a  large  arterial 
trunk,  or  by  some  inappreciable  internal  cause. 

The  treatment,  both  of  external  and  internal 
gangrene,  varies  according  to  the  causes  which 
produce  it.  Gangrene  from  excessive  inflamma- 
tion is  obviated  by  antiphlogistios  ;  and  that  from 
intense  cold  by  cautiously  restoring  the  circula- 
tion by  cold  frictions,  <fec.  When  the  gangrene 
has  become  developed,  the  separation  of  the 
eschars  must  be  encouraged  by  emollient  appli- 
cations, if  there  be  considerable  reacticm  ;  or  by 
tonics  and  stimulants,  if  the  reaction  be  insuiB- 
cient. 

Gaxgreme,  Hospital,  see  Hospital  gangrene 
— g.  of  the  Lungs,  Necropneumonia. 

GANGRENE  DE  LA  BOUGHE,  Cancer 
aquaticus  —  g.  Chmide,  Gangrene  —  g.  Froide, 
Sphacelus — g.  Hiimide,  see  Gangrene — g.  Seche, 
see  Gangrene — g.  Hopital,  Hospital  gangrene  — 
g.  dn  Foumon,  Necropneumonia — g.  des  Sulonois, 
Ergotism. 

GAN'GRENOUS.  Gnngr(B'nicua,Gangr(pno'sHS, 
Gangr^.no'dea,  (Y.)  Gangrenenx.  Affected  with  or 
relating  to  gangrene. 

Gangrenous  Ekosion  of  the  Cheek,  Cancer 
aquaticus. 

GAN.TAH,  Gunjah. 

G  ANTE  LET  (P.),  Chirothe'ca,  Faa'cin  digi- 
tn'lis,  Gauntlet;  from  (F.)  gant.  'a  glove.'  A 
sort  of  bandage  which  envelops  the  hand  and 
fingers  like  a  glove.  It  is  made  with  a  long 
roller,  about  an  inch  broad:  and  is  applied  so 
that  the  fingers  are  covered  to  their  tips,  when 
it  is  called  Gantelet  entier  ou  complet.  The  Demi- 
gantelet  includes  only  the  hand  and  base  of  the 
fingers.  Both  bandages  are  used  in  fractures  and 
luxations  of  the  fingers,  burns  of  the  hand,  <fec. 
See  Chirotheca. 

GANTS  DES  DAMES,  Condom—^,  de  Notre 
Dame,  Digitalis. 

GAOL  CACHEXIA,  see  Cachexia,  gaol. 

GAPING,  Yawning. 

GARANCE,  Rubia. 

GARCIN'IA  CA.MBO'GIA,  G.  seu  Camhogin 
gntia,  }[angitsta' na  Caiiihogia.  Ord.  Gnttiferas. 
A  tree  of  Ceylon,  Family.  Guttiferai,  which  affords 
a  concrete  juice  similar  to  Gamboge. 

GAnciNiA  GuTTA.  G.  Cambogia. 

Garcin'iA  MangOSTa'NA,  .Uniigo.ita'na  Gar- 
cin'ia,  from  Garcin,  who  accurately  described  it. 
The  systernatic  name  of  the  Mangoxtan',  Man- 
guustan',  Mitngoatine'  or  JIangosleen'  tree,  3Ian- 


gosta'na.  It  grows  in  great  abundance  in  .Tava 
and  tlie  Molucca  islands.  The  fruit,  wiiicli  is 
about  the  size  of  an  orange,  is  delicious,  and  is 
eaten  in  almost  every  disorder.  The  dried  Ijiiik 
is  used  medicinally  in  dysentery  and  tenesniiis ; 
and  a  stroi^g  decoction  has  been  mucii  esteemed 
in  ulcerated  sore  throat. 

Gakcin'ia  PiMiPii'itKA.  From  this  species  a 
concrete  oil  of  Mangostecn  is  olitaitieil,  MJiicii  is 
called,  in  India,  Kokiim  butter,  Kokiim  being  the 
Indian  name  of  Mangosteen.  The  oil  is  extracted 
from  the  fruit  by  boiling.  It  is  used  in  India  in 
cases  of  chaps. 

GA  R  DE-MA  LADE,  Nurse. 

GARDENIA  DUMETORUM,  Randia  dumc- 
toruin — g.  Spinosa,  G.  dumetoruni. 

GARDERO/iE,  Artemisia  abrotanum. 

GARDEROHES,  Faeces. 

GARDINER'S  ALIMENTARY  PKEPAR.\- 
TION.  see  Ory/.a. 

GARDOUCHES,  Vesiculse  seminales. 

GARETUM,  Poples. 

GARGALISMUS,  Gargalus. 

G.\R'GALl)S,  Gar'gale,  Gargalin'mm,  Tilil- 
la'tio,  Irrita'lio.  Pruri'lns.  Titillation,  irrita- 
tion, itching.  Also,  masturbation  ;  and,  rarely, 
animal  magnetism. 

GARGAREON,  Uvula. 

GARGARISATIO,  Gargarism. 

GAR'GARISM,  Gargaris'mns,  Gargnris'mn, 
Anngargalic'ton,  Gargaris' mum,  Colln'tio,  Din- 
vlys' ina,  Anagargaris'ton,  Anagargiirisni' us,  Ana- 
condiylh'jnns,  Annconch yl las' nt us,  Tililhoncu'tiim, 
from  ynpyapi^u),  '  I  wash  the  nioutli,'  '  I  gargle.' 
A  gargle.  Any  liquid  medicine,  intended  to  be 
retained  in  the  mouth,  for  a  certain  time,  and  to 
be  thrown  in  contact  with  the  uvula,  velum  pen- 
dulum, tonsils,  &o.  For  this  purpose,  tiie  licjuid 
is  agitated  by  the  air  issuing  from  the  larynx,  tlje 
head  being  thrown  back.  Gargles  are  employed 
in  cynanche  tonsillaris  and  other  diseases  of  the 
fauces,  and  are  made  of  stimulants,  sedatives, 
astringents,  refrigerants,  &c.,  according  to  cir- 
cumstances. 

The  process  is  termed  gargling,  gnrgarisa'tin. 

The  term  colhilo'rium  or  cnllutorinm  oris  is  ge- 
nerally restricted  to  a  wa.sh  for  the  mouth. 

(tAPi(tET,  Phytolacca  decandra. 

GARtiLE,  Gargarism. 

GARGLINti,  see  Gargarism. 

GAHGOUILLEMENT,  Borborygmus,  Gur- 
gling.     See  lldh:  mnqiieux. 

GARLIC,  Allium— g.  Hedge,  Alliaria  — g. 
Meadow,  Allium  Canadense. 

GARLOCK,  Sinapis  arvensis. 

GARtVSMUM,  Chenopodium  vulvaria. 

GAROU  BARK,  Dai>hne  gnidium. 

GARRETII.M,  Poples. 

GARROPHYLLIIS,  Eugenia  caryophyllnta. 

GARROT  {¥.),  garrol,  from  garottrr,  'to  tie 
fast.'  A  compressing  bandage,  tightened  by 
twisting  a  small  cylinder  of  wood,  by  which  the 
arteries  of  a  limb  are  compressed,  for  the  purpose 
of  suspending  the  flow  of  blood  in  cases  of  heiuur- 
rhage,  aneurism,  amputation,  <fec. 

GARROTILLO,  Cynanche  maligna. 

GARRULITAS,  Loquacity. 

GARU'LEUM  BIPINNA'TUM.  A  South  Afri- 
can plant,  Ord.  Composite:  known  under  ttie 
name  Snakeroot,  from  its  reputed  effects  as  an 
antidote  to  the  bites  of  venomous  serpents.  The 
root  is  a  great  favourite  with  the  Boirs  in  chest 
diseases — as  asthma — and  in  affections  in  which 
a  free  secretion  from  the  mucous  membrane  of 
the  bronchia  is  indicated.  It  has  diaphoretic 
properties,  and  acts  as  a  diuretic  in  gout  and 
dropsy.  It  is  given  in  decoction  or  tincture.  Dr. 
Pappe  thinks  the  root  ought  to  have  a  place  in 
the  Materia  Medica. 


GARUM 


415 


GASTRITIS 


GARUM.  yapov,  Licul'men,  Liqna'nien.  The 
anciLMit  Koiniuis  pave  this  name  to  a  kind  of 
pickle  niaile  by  colh'cting  the  liquor  which  flowed 
from  saltod  and  half-putrefied  fish.  It  was  used 
ii.M  a  condiment.—  The  Geoponics,  llumelberg  on 
ApiciuH.  .Martial,  &c. 

(lAllVAXVH.  Cicer  arietinum. 
GAS,  see  Gaz — %.  Aniinoniacale,  Ammonia  — 
p.  Animale  sanguinis,  Uaz  sanguinis — s.Azoticum, 
^■/,„te  —  \r.  Azoticuin  oxyxenatum.  Nitrogen,  ga- 
seous oxi'le  of — g.  Ilepaficum,  Hydrogen,  sul- 
])huretted  —  g.  Ilydrogenium  sulphurctnni.   Hy- 
drogen, sulphuretted— g.    Intoxicating,  Nitrogen, 
gaseous  oxide  of — g.  Laughing,  Nitrogen,  gaseous 
nxide  of — g.  of  the  Lungs.  Gaz,  pulmonary — g. 
Nitrou.'?,  deplilogisticated.  Nitrogen,  gaseous  oxide 
„f — <r.  Oxygenate<l   muriatic  acid,  Chlorine  —  g. 
Oxyinuriatic  .acid,  Chlorine — g.  Palustre,  Miasm,   i 
marsh — g.   Paradise.  Nitrogen,  gaseous  oxide  of 
— g.  Sul))hnris,  Sulphuro-us  acid. 
CrASCARILLA,  Croton  cascarilla. 
GASPING.  Anhelntio. 

GASTEIN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Gastein  or  Gasteiner  Wildha<l  is  in  the  N<iric 
Alps,  Austri.a.  The  waters  are  thermal.  Temp. 
100°  to  118°  Fah.  They  contain  sulphate  of 
pnda,  chloride  of  sodium,  chloride  of  potassium, 
carbonate  of  soda,  carbonate  of  lime,  magnesia, 
uianganesp,  iron,  <fec. 

GASTKR,  yao-Ti/p.  The  abdomen.  At  times, 
but  rarely,  the  uterus.  Also,  the  stomach,  in 
particular  ;   Hence  : 

GASTERALGIA,  Gastrnlgia. 
GASTEIIANAX,  from  yitoTrip,  'the  abdomen,' 
and  ava^,  'a  king.'  A  name  given  by  DoUvus  to 
a  hypothetical  vital  principle,  corresponding  to 
the  .\rcliaeus  of  Van  Hehnont,  the  scat  of  which 
he  placed  in  the  lower  Viollv.     .See  Bithnimalca. 

GASTERANGEMPHRAXIS,  Gasterangiem- 
phraxis. 

GASTERANGIEMPHRAX'IS.  Gnoteravrffm- 
phi-rij-'ia,  Gnntciem]>hrfi.r'iii.  Obstruction  of  the 
pylorus;  from  yaarr/p,  'stomach,'  ay\io,  'I  stran- 
gle,' and  tii<l)pti(Ttruo,  '  I  obstruct.' — Vogel.  Also, 
and  properly,  obstruction  or  congestion  of  the 
vessels  of  the  stoniach. 
GASrihtASR.  Pepsin. 

GA,STERASTHENI'A./'m?)ec(7r(Vrtsseu^^oH'm 
8CU  Ijii.r'ilas  i^eutrlc'iili  ;  from  yaarrift,  'stomach,' 
and  aadivna,  'deliilily.'  Debility  of  the  stomach. 
GAS  I'EIIATAXIA.  Emlmrran  rjaatriqiie. 
GASTERECIIE'MA,  Gastrfchc'ma,  Son'itus 
itoniiich'iciin ;  from  ynarrfp,  'the  stomach,'  .and 
tl\1H(i,  'sound.'  SouikI  heard  on  auscultating  or 
percussing  the  region  of  the  stomach,  and  referred 
to  that  organ. 

GASTEREMPHRAXIS,  Gasterangiem- 
phrnxis. 

GAS  PERHYSTEROTOMY.  Ccesarean  section. 
G ASTR^'E'MIA,  from   ycinrni),   'the    stomach, 
and  'acfiii,  'blood.'     HvperrtMuia  of  the  stomach. 
GASrRAL(JIA.  Cardi.ilEia. 
GASTRAXEURyS.MA.  Gastrectasis. 
GASTRATROPH'IA.  from    yunTna,  'the  sto- 
mai'li.'  and  arpofia,  'wasting.'     Atrophy  of  the 
stomach. 

GAS  I'REOHEMA,  Gasterechema. 
GASTRECTASIS,    Gastifcla'uhi,     Gnatranen- 
rt/i'/iKi,  Diltitii'tii)  veiitric'iiH :  from  yaarrjp,  'the 
stoiuHch,'    and    eKTaat(,    '  dilatation.'     Dilatation 
of  the  stomach. 

GASTRELCOHROSIS,  Qasfrobrosis  ulcerosa. 
GA.STRELCO'SIS.  Chero'tio  seu  Eju/vem'tio 
Ben  Vl'cern  reutn't'iili,  from  yaarrjp,  'the  stomach,' 
and  't\Ku)aii.  'ulceration  '  Ulceration  of  the  sto- 
mach. When  accompanied  with  hectic,  it  con- 
Btitutes  Gailrophlhi'sin.  Gnatroph'thne. 

GASTRELYTROTOMIA,  see  Ctesarean  Sec- 
tion. 


GASTRENCEPHALO'MA,  GaKtromyelo'mn, 
Oimtroiiii/elo'si'ii,  Gioitroeiicephalo'si'n;  from  yaOTjip, 
'the  stomach.'  and  sy/ft^aAus,  'the  brain.'  Eu- 
cephaloid  of  the  stomach. 

GASTRENCHYTA.  Stomach  pump. 
GASTRENTERIC.  Gastroentericus. 
GASTRE.XTERITIC,  Gastroenteritic. 
GA8TRENTER0MALA'(;IA,    GaxtrentKromn- 
Inx'is,  from  yaarr/p,  'stomach,'  trrt/zov   'intestine,' 
and  iiaKuKia,  '  softening.'     Softening  of  the  sto- 
mach and  intestines. 

GASTREPATICUS,  Gastrohepatie. 
GASTREPATI'TIS.    ]„H„mmn'lio     veritric'iiH 
et  hep'atlx ;  from  yaarrip,  'stomach.'  and  'rivap 
'liver.'     Inflammation  of  the  stomach  and  liver. 
GASTREPIPLOICUS.  Gastroepiploic. 
GASTRERETIIIS'IA:  from  yatyrnp,  '  sto- 
mach,' and  cptdi^ui,  'I  irritate.'     Irritation  of  th& 
stomach. 

GASTRIC,  Gng'tn'cii8  :  from  yaarrip,  'the  Sto- 
mach.'    Belonging  or  relating  to  the  stomach. 

G.^STHIC  Au'tkiuks  are  three  in  number,  Ar- 
te'rin  gimtro-f-pip/o'ica  dexttri,  A.  f/nih-o-epiploi'- 
ca  m'tn's'tra,  and  A.  rorrnin'rin  i-ftitri'cii/i. 

Ga.striC  .ItJICE,  Siicriis  fftm'friciin,  ilen'ntritum 
seu  Feinient'um  Veiiti-ic'iili,  (P.)  Sue  Gnstriqtie, 
Gaxfrir  Acid.  A  fluid,  secreted  from  the  mucous 
membrane  of  the  stomach.  As  met  with,  it  is  a 
mixture  of  the  fluids  secreted  by  that  organ  with 
those  of  the  supra-diaphragmntic  portion  of  the 
alimentary  canal.  Owing  to  such  admixture,  the 
most  contrary  properties  have  been  assigned  to 
it.  That  such  a  fluid  is  secreted,  which  concurs 
powerfully  in  digestion,  is  evident  from  many 
considerations,  and  has  been  positively  proved 
by  the  author  and  numerous  others.  It  was  found 
by  him  to  contain,  in  man  chlorohydric  and  acctio 
acids.  The  gastric  fluid  in  cases  of  sudden  death 
sometimes  corrodes  and  perforates  the  stomach  ; 
giving  rise  to  interesting  questions  in  medical 
jurisfirudence. 

Gastric  Nrrve.s.  The  two  cords  by  which 
the  pneumoirastric  nerves  terminate,  and  which 
descend  on  the  two  surfaces  of  the  stomach  ;  as 
well  as  the  filaments  of  the  great  sympathetic, 
which  accompany  the  gastric  vessels. 

Gastric  Pi.kxi'S,  Plexus  corona' r! us  vetitric'- 
vh\  A  nervous  net-work,  formed  by  the  solar 
plexus.  It  accompanies  the  Arteria  coronaria 
veiitriru/l,  and  passes  along  the  lesser  curvature 
of  the  stomach,  to  which  it  gives  branches. 

Gastric  Vf;ins  follow  the  same  distribution  as 
thearteries.and  open  into  the  Veua porta  abdominis. 
GAS'TRICISM,  Gaifricis'miis,  from  yaar^p, 
'the  stomaeh.'  A  name  by  which  is  designated 
the  medical  theory,  that  refers  all,  or  almost  .all, 
diseases  to  an  accumulation  of  saburrae  in  the 
digestive  passages. 

GASTRTCITE.  Emhnrras  cjnatrique. 
GASrniLOQl'E.  En-rastr'imvth. 
GASTRILOQUIST.  Engastrimyth. 
GASTRILOQUrS.  Engastrimyth. 
GASTRIMARGUS,  Glutton. 
GASTRINU.M.  Potash. 
GASTRISMUS.  Gluttony,  see  Saburra. 
G.\STRIT'IO,   Gtnttrlt'lciiH  ;   same  etymon  as 
the  rest.     Relating  to  gastritis. 

GASTRl'TIS.  from  ynmvp,  'the  stomach,' and 
iliK,  denoting  inflammation.  Veutric'uli  iiiflnm- 
mti'tio,  Cdiiiiiti  feu  Eiiiprea'nin  seu  Cardinl'yia 
iiiflaiiininlo'riit.  Fcliris  utoniaeh'irn  inflnmmato'ria, 
Iiiflammu'lio  (jdstritis,  I.  vctitric'xdi  ien  stom'achi, 
Plilei/iiwiie  reiitric'uli,  Injlamnintion  of  the  sto- 
mach, (F.)  Iiiflammntion  de  I'Estomac,  Gastrile, 
Catarrlie  (jnstriqiie.  A  disease,  characterized  by 
pyrexia;  great  anxiety;  heat  and  pain  in  the 
epigastrium,  increased  by  taking  any  thing  into 
the  stoniach ;  vomiting  and  hiccup.  Gastritis 
may  either  be  seated  in  the  peritoneal  or  mucous 


GASTIIO 


4ir. 


GASTROMALAXIA 


coat.  It  is  mnst  frequently  in  the  Intter  —  Eno- 
(/((utri'tis,  Euildijaiitri'tiii,  G(tntroiiii/coderi'tis,  Gnu- 
tn'fis  miico'iiti  —  being  excited  directly  by  acrid 
inicesta.  It  requires  the  most  active  treatment; 
— bleeding,  blistering,  fomentations,  diluents,  Ac. 
Some  degree  of  inflammation  of  the  mucous  coat 
of  the  stomacli  was  considered  by  the  followers 
of  Broussais  to  be  present  in  almost  all  fevers  ; 
and  the  various  forms  of  dyspepsia  have  been 
supposed  by  some  to  be  nothing  more  than  chronic 
eildnprmtri'tis. 

Gastihtis  Arthritfca,  Coeliagra. 

GASTRO,  from  yaarrip,  'stomach.'  In  compo- 
sition, relating  or  appertaining  to  the  stomach, 
or  bellv. 

GASTRO-ARTIIRITIS,  Gout  — g.  Ataxia, 
Dyspepsia — g.  Atonia,  Dyspejjsia — g.  Bronchitis, 
Fever,  adenomeningeal — g.  Eiiteritc  intense,  Sy- 
Bocha — g.  Enterite,  with  nervous  affection  of  the 
brain,  see  Typhus — g.  Enteritis,  follicular,  Dothin- 
enteritis ;  see  Tvphus. 

GASTKOBRO'SIS,  Perfora'tio  ventric'uli, 
Gaatrorrhex' is,  {¥.)  Perforntion  de  V Estomac ; 
from  grtstro,  and  Bpoian,  'the  act  of  gnawing.' 
Corrosion  and  perforation  of  the  stomach. 

Gastrobro'sis  Ulouro'sa,  Gagfreleobro'sis. 
Destruction  and  perforation  of  the  coats  of  the 
stomach  by  ulceration. 

GASTROCIll'LE,  from  gastro,  and  xnU,  'a 
tumour.'  Hernirx  of  the  stomach,  Hernia  ventric'- 
uli, (F.)  Hemic  de  I' Estomac.  Hernia  formed  by 
the  stomach  through  the  upper  part  of  the  linca 
nlba:  a  disease,  the  existence  of  which  has  been 
doubted  by  manv.     See  Epigastrocele. 

GASTRO-CEPHALI'TIS;  irum  gastro,Kt<l>a'Sr,, 
'head,'  and  itis,  denoting  infliiinraation.  Inflam- 
matiim  of  the  stomach  and  head, — a  not  uncom- 
mon concomitant  of  eertnin  malignant  fevers. 

GASTROCIIOLOSIS,  Fever,  gastric. 

GASTROCXEME,  Sura. 

GASTROCNEMIA,  Sura. 

GASTROCNE'AIII,  from  gastro,  and  kvij/ii?, 
'the  leg.'  The  name  of  the  two  fleshy  masses 
which  occupy  the  posterior  and  superficial  part 
of  the  leg,  Geinelli  ;  (F.)  Gastrocnemiens,  Jn- 
meanx  de  la  jnnihe,  lii/emoro-cdlcanlens — (Ch.;) 
the  two  constituting  the  Gastrocne'mius  exter'nns, 
of  English  anatomists.  These  muscles  are  dis- 
tinguished into  internid  and  external,  which  are 
distinct  above,  but  united  at  their  inferior  ex- 
tremity. They  are  long,  flat,  and  thick ;  and 
arise — the  former  from  the  posterior  part  of  the 
outer  condyle  of  the  femur;  the  latter,  from  the 
pasterior  part  of  the  inner  condyle  of  the  same 
bone.  The  aponeurosis,  which  unites  these 
muscles  below,  joins  with  that  of  the  Solaris,  and 
forms  with  it,  a  large  tendon,  which,  under  the 
name  Tendo  Achillis,  is  inserted  at  the  posterior 
part  of  the  calcaneum.  Those  muscles  extend 
the  foot  on  the  leg,  and  the  leg  on  the  foot.  They 
can,  also,  bend  the  leg  and  the  thigh  reciprocally 
on  each  other.  For  the  Gastrocneiniua  internus, 
see  Soleus. 

GASTROCNEMIUM,  Sura. 

GASTROCCELIACUS,  Coeliao. 

GASTROCCELICUS,  Coeliae. 

GASTROCOLIC,  see  Epiploon,  gastrocolic. 

GASTROCOLICA.  Cardialgia. 

GASTROCOLI'TIS,  from  gastro,  and  kuiXo.-, 
'colon.'    Infl  iinination  of  the  stomach  and  colon. 

GASTROCOLPOTOMIA,  see  Cssarean  sec- 
tion. 

GASTRODID'YMUS,  Gastrod'ymus,  Did'ymm 
Si/mphi/ngas'trinn,  Psod'yinns ;  from  gastro  and 
iiiiiviioi;,  'a  twin.'  A  monstrosity  in  which  twins 
are  united  bv  the  abdomen. 

GASTRObUODE'NAL,  Gastroduodena'lis ; 
from  gastro,  and  duodenum.  Relating  to  the 
stomach  and  duodenum. 


GASTRO-DUODENITIS,  (F.)  Gastro-dnodf. 
nite.  Indaminntion  of  the  stomach  anil  bowel.s, 
an  affection,  which  figured  largely  in  the  system 
of  Broussais.     Sec  (iastro-cnteritis. 

GASTRODUODENOPYRA,  Fever,  adcno- 
meningeal. 

GASTRODYNE,  Cardialgia. 

GASTROUYNIA,  Cardialgia  — g.  Flatulenta, 
Colica  flatulenta. 

GASTRO-ELYTROTOMIA,  see  Csesarean  sec 
tion. 

GASTRO-ENTERAL'GIA,fromv"»?'-o,tvr£por, 
'  intestine,'  and  a\yoi,  '  pain.'  Pain  in  the  sto- 
mach and  intestines. 

GASTRO  KNTER'IC,  Gastroenter'irm,  Gas. 
trenter' ic,  Gastrenter'icus,  Gastro-intes'tinal,  from 
gastro,  and  fvTcpov.  '  intestine.'  Relating  to  the 
stomiich  and  intestine. 

GASTROKNTERITE,  Gastroenteritis. 

G  A  S  T  R  0  K  N  T  E  R  I  T'l  CGastroenterit'icus, 
Gastrenterit'ic,  Gastrenterit' icus ;  same  etymoQ 
as  the  next.     Relating  to  gastroenteritis. 

GASTROKNTERI'TIS.  Tnjlammatlo  ventriv'. 
uli  et  Intestino'ruin,  (F.)  Gastro-eiiterite,  Gastro. 
enter' ic  disease,  from  gastro,  ivTcpov,  'an  intes- 
tine,' and  itis,  a  suffix  denoting  infiaimiiation. 
Inflammation  of  the  stomach  and  small  intestine. 
According  to  Broussais,  the  essential  fevers  of 
authors  are  gastro-enteritis,  simple,  or  compli- 
cated. 

GASTROF.PIP'LOIC,  Gastro-epiplo'icns,  Gas. 
trejiipld'icHS,  from  gastro  and  tnm'Soov,  'the  epip- 
loon.' That  which  relates  to  the  stomach  and 
epiploon. 

GASTRoiJPiPLOic  Arteries,  Gastric  inferior 
arteries,  are  two  in  number,  and  distinguished 
into  right  and  left.  The  right,  also  called  Gastro- 
hepat'ie,  Gae'trica  infe'rior  dextra,  Gastro-eplp- 
lo'ica  dextra,  is  furnished  by  the  hepatic  artery. 
It  descends  behind  the  pylorus,  and  passes  from 
right  to  left,  along  the  great  curvature  of  the 
stomach.  It  gives  branches  to  the  pancreas, 
duodenum,  stomach,  omentum  majus,  and  termi- 
nates by  anastomosing  with  the  Gastro-ej>iplo'ieix 
siiiis'tra,  Giis'trica  sinis'tra  seu  infe'rior  siiiis'tra. 
This  —  the  left  —  arises  from  the  splenic  artery. 
It  is  of  considerable  magnitude,  and  passes  frma 
left  to  right,  along  the  great  curvature  of  tlie 
stomach,  distributing  its  liranches  more  particu- 
larly to  the  stomach  and  omentum  majus.  It 
terminates  by  joining  the  right  gastro-epiploic. 

Gastroei'H'i.oic  Ganglions  are  the  lyuiphatio 
ganglions  or  glands,  situate  towards  the  greai 
curvature  of  the  stomach,  between  the  two  ante- 
rior laminae  of  the  omentum  majus. 

Gastroepiploic  Vkins  are  distinguished.  lil;e 
the  arteries,  into  right  and  left.  They  empty 
themselves;  —  the  former,  into  the  superior  me- 
senteric :   the  latter,  into  the  splenic  vein. 

GASTROII/EMORRIIAGIA,  lliicmatemcsis. 

GASTROIIEPAT'IC,  Gastro-hepat'ics,  Hep'- 
ato-gas'tricus,  Gastrepat'icns  ;  from  gnslro,  and 
'tjjrap,  riTTUTOi,  '  the  liver.'  Relating  to  the  stomach 
and  liver.  This  name  has  been  given  to  several 
organs.     See  Epiploon,  gastrohepatic,  Ac. 

GASTRO-IIEPATITIS.  Simultaneous  inflam- 
mation of  the  stomach  and  liver. 

GASTROIIYSTEROTOMY,  Cesarean  section. 

G ASTRO-INTESTINAL,  Gastro-enteric. 

GASTROLIENALIS,  Gastrosplenicus. 

GASTROLlTlirASIS,  from  gastro,  and  Xifti- 
ati,  '  formation  of  stone.'  The  formation  of  con- 
cretions, qastrol'ithi,  in  the  stomach. 

GASTROMALACIA,  Gastromalaxia. 

GASTROMALAX'IA,  Gastro-mala'eia,  Gal- 
tronialaco'sis,  Malacogas'ter,  Malax'is  veutric'un, 
Dissoln'tin  ventric'uli,  EmolliVio  ventric'uli, 
Paeudophlogo'sia  ventric'uli    resoluti'va    el   colli' 


GASTROMxVNTIS 


417 


GAZ 


aiiati'ta,  Metamorpho'aia  renlric'itU  gelatin i/m'- 
iii!s,  Ero'sio  et  per/ora'tio  spoutn'ned  veiitric' iiN, 
Retiihi'tio  el  diabro'aia  veiitric'tili,  (F.)  liamnlligne- 
ment  de  V Entomnc,  from  </aHtro,  and  fiaXa^n, 
'softening.'  Softening  of  the  stomach,  iiidm-ed 
at  times  hy  the  gastric  secretions  after  death, — 
Rtiolu'lii)  ventric'uli  autopep'tlca. 
GASTROMANTIS,  Engastrimyth. 
GASTHOM'ELES,  from  r/astro,  and  /<£>of,  'a 
limb.'  A  monster  with  one  or  more  supernume- 
rary liitihs  on  the  abdomen. 

GASTROME'NIA,  from  gastro,  and  nvv,  'a 
month.'  Vicarious  menstruation  from  the  sto- 
mach. 

GASTRO-MlsXIXOTTIS,  Fever,  gastric. 

GASTROMETI'vO'l'oMIA,  Caesarean  section. 

GA8TR0MYC0DERIS,  see  Stomach. 

GASTROMYCODERITIS,  see  Gastritis. 

GASTROMYELOMA,  Gastroencephaloma. 

GASTRONOSUS,  Gastropathy. 

GASTROPARAL'YSIS,  Gaatrople'gia,  PnraV- 
ysis  veutric'uli ;  from  gnstro,  and  jrapaXuffif, 
'paralysis.'     Paralysis  of  the  stomach. 

GASTROP'ATHY',  Uuatroputhi'a,  G<tsiron'- 
o»wi,  GiiKtionn'HUK,  from  </««?;(>,  and  naBoi,  'dis- 
ease.'    Disease  of  the  stomach. 

GASTROPERIODYN'IA;  Sool  (India.)  A 
violent  periodical  neuralgic  pain  at  the  pit  of  the 
stomach,  not  uncommon  in  llindoostan. 

GASTROPIIREN'IC,  Giixtro-phrcii'icns,  from 
yantr<),  and  (ppcvcf,  'the  diaphragm.'  Belonging 
to  the  stomach  and  diaphragm. 

Gastuoi'iiuenic  Ligament  is  a  reflection  of  the 
peritoneum,  which  descends  from  the  inferior  sur- 
face of  tlie  liiapbragm  to  the  cardia. 

GASTRO  PHTHISIS,  Gastrelcosis. 

GASTROPIITllOE,  Gastrelcosis. 

GASTROPLEGIA,  Gastroparalysis. 

GASTROPYRA.  Fever,  gastric. 

GASTROPYRETUS,  Fever,  gastric. 

GASTROR'APHY,  GnKtmrrhn'phin,  Gftitror'- 
rhaphe,  Sutti'ra  uhdmniita' lit,  from  goxtio,  and 
faifirj,  'a  suture.'  The  suture  used  for  uniting 
wounds  penetrating  the  abdomen,  when  they  are 
too  extensive  or  too  unequal  to  be  kept  in  contact 
by  position,  adhesive  plaster,  or  appropriate  ban- 
dages. The  interrupted  and  quilled  sutures  are 
those  chiefly  employed. 

GASTRORRIIAGIA,  Hajmatemesis. 

GASTRORRllEXIS.  Gastrobrosis. 

GASTRORRIItE'A,  from  goatro,  and  peu.,  'I 
flow.'  Bhnnorrh<e'(i  seu  Fliixus  ventric'uli,  (F.) 
Flux  mnqueux  de  Vestomric,  Ctitarrhe  stoniaeal, 
A  morbid  condition  of  the  stomach,  which  con- 
sists in  the  secretion  of  an  excessive  quantity  of 
mucus  from  the  lining  membrane.  Also,  Coeliac 
tiux. 

GASTROSCIR'RHUS,  Indura'tio  ventric'uli 
teirrho'iia,  Scirrhus  seu  carcino'ma  ventric'uli. 
Scirrhous  induration  or  cancer  of  the  stomach. 

GASTROSCOPIA,  Abdominoscopia. 

OASTRO'SES.  A  generic  name  for  diseases 
which  are  seated  in  the  stomach. — Alibcrt. 

GASTROSPLE'NIC,  G„strosple'niru»,  Gn«tro- 
lienn'tiH,  from  gnufro,  and  oTrXni',  'the  spleen.' 
Relating  to  stomach  and  sple-n. 

GASTROSTENOSIS,  Stricture  of  the  stomach. 

Gastrostkxosis  Cardi'aca  et  Pylor'ica  ; 
from  gastro,  and  arivoi,  'narrow.'  Narrowness 
of  the  cardiac  and  i>yl<  ric  orifices  of  the  stomach 
from  cancer  of  that  organ. 

GASTROT'OMY',  from  gantro,  and  tout,,  'inci- 
.«ion.'  Several  ditferent  operations  have  been  so 
called.  1.  The  Ciesarean  Section.  2.  Au  inci- 
fion  made  into  the  abdomen  for  the  purpose  of 
removing  some  internal  strangulation  or  volvu- 
lus, or  to  reduce  hernia,  Loparot'omij :  and,  3. 
The  opening  made  in  the  stomach;  to  remove  a 
27 


foreign  body  which  has  passed  into  it  through 
the  oesophagus. 

GASTRYPERNEU'RIA,  from  gnstro,  'v,tp, 
'above,'  and  vtvpov,  'a  nerve.'  Morbidly  in- 
creased activity  of  the  nerves  of  the  stomach. 

GATEAU  FEBRILE,  Ague  cake. 

GATEUX  (F.),  {rovi\  gater,  'to  spoil.'  A  name 
given,  in  the  insane  hospitals,  and  in  the  hospi- 
tals for  incurables  and  the  aged,  in  France,  to 
persons  who  are  incapable  of  attending  to  them- 
selves, and  have  lost  all  sense  of  cleanliness. 

GATHERING,  Abscess,  Suppuration. 

GA  TTILIER,  Vitex. 

GAUDIA  FCEDA,  Masturbation. 

GAULTHE'RIA,  Gaultlie'ria  seu  Gualthe'ria 
procum'beiiK,  Guutie'ra  repens,  Mountain  Tea, 
Partridge  Berry,  Berried  Tea,  Groimeherri/,  Deer- 
berry,  Spice  berry.  Tea  berry.  Bed  berry.  Winter- 
green,  Red  berry  Tea,  Ground  berry.  Ground  iry. 
Ground  holly,  Hill  berry.  Box  berry,  Cher/m  r 
berry,  (F.)  Gaultherie,  Palommier,  The  dn  Ca- 
nada, called  after  Dr.  Gaulthier,  of  Quebec.  Ord. 
Ericaceae.  An  American  plant,  which  is  one  of 
the  principal  articles  of  the  materia  medica  (f 
some  Indian  tribes.  The  infusion  of  the  leav(s 
is  stimulant  and  anodyne,  and  is  said  to  ha\e 
been  used,  with  advantage,  in  asthma.  The  '  il 
—  Oleum  GaullhericB,  Ph.  U.  S., — is  used,  chiefly 
on  account  of  its  pleasant  flavour,  to  cover  tie 
taste  of  other  medicines. 

GAUNTLET,  Ganteht, 

GAUQUAVA,  Smilax  China. 

GAUTIERA  REPENS,  Gaultheria. 

GAY  FEATHER,  Liatris  spicata. 

GAYAC,  Guaiacum. 

GAY'LUSSAC'IA  RESINO'SA,  Vaecin'ium  rc- 
aiuo'eum.  Black  Huckleberry.  Order,  Ericaceiv, 
(called  after  the  chemist,  Gny-Luasac.)  An  indi- 
genous plant,  whose  fruit  is  sweet  and  agreeable. 
The  leaves  and  root,  as  well  as  those  of  Gaylus- 
.SAOIA  Dumo'sa,  Dwarf  huckleberry,  and  of  G. 
F"'|{OiNDo'sa,  Blue  tangle,  indigenous,  are  used  in 
decoction  as  astringents  in  diarrhoea,  sore  throat, 
<tc. 

GAZ,  Gas,  Air.  Van  Helmont  first  designated 
by  this  name,  —  the  etymology  of  which  is  un- 
known,—  the  carbonic  acid  developed  in  the  vi- 
nous fermentation.  Afterwards,  the  terra  was 
appropriated  to  every  permanentlj*  clastic  fluid  ; 
that  is,  which  preserves  its  aeriform  state  at  nil 
temperatures ;  and  ultimately  it  was  extended  to 
all  aeriform  bodies;  —  which  were  divided  into 
permanent  and  non-permanent  gazes.  The  latter 
are  generally  termed  vapours:  —  the}- return  to 
the  liquid  state,  when  a  portion  of  their  caloric  is 
abstracted.  The  permanent  gazes,  or  gazes  pro- 
perly so  called,  are  numerous,  and  may  be  di- 
vided into  three  sections  with  regard  to  their 
effects  on  the  animal  economy. 


1.     Trrespirable 
gazes. 


Carbonic  acid,  ammoniacni 
gaz^chlorohydric  acid  gaz, 
deutoxide  of  azote,  nitrous 
acid  gaz,  and  chlorine. 

Ilydrogen,  azote. 


2.  Negatively  dele- 
terious gazes. 

(  Oxygen,  protoxide  of  azote, 

n    n     ■.■    1      7  1  I  carburettedhydroiren.car- 

3.  Posttiveli/  dele-  ,  ■  •  i  i  i  •»  i 
,  .  ■^  <  bonic  oxide,  sulphuretted 
terioua  nazes.  I  v     i                   j            ■       . 

■'  hydrogen,  and  arseniurcl- 

[     ted  hydrogen. 

It  is  proper  to  remark  that  the  term  respirnblr. 
has  been  very  differently  employed  by  different 
writers.  Sometimes  it  has  meant  the  power  of 
supporting  life  when  applied  to  the  blood  in  the 
lungs.  At  others,  all  gazes  have  been  deemed 
irrespirable,  which  are  incapable  of  being  iutru- 


GAZ  DES  BALLOXS 


418 


GENERATIO 


duced  into  the  lungs  by  voluntary  efiforts, — with- 
out any  relation  to  their  power  of  uiaintiiiiiing 
vitality  ;  and  this  is  perhaps  the  best  sense.  The 
gazes  were,  at  one  time,  employed  in  medicine, 
under  great  expectations, — especially  by  the  en- 
thusiastic Beddoes  ;  but  they  are  now  scarcely 
ever  had  recourse  to.  They  differ,  considerably, 
in  their  effects  on  the  animal  economy.  Some, 
as  oxygen,  are  exciting;  others,  as  azote,  de- 
pressing; whilst  others,  again,  as  the  Piotoxide 
of  riz'ite  Of  laiKjIiiiuj  gas,  produce  the  most  sin- 
gular effects. 

GAZ  DES  DALLON.%  Hydrogen. 
Gaz,  Pcl'monauv,  Gkz  of  the  huxji'.     A  name 
gived  to  the  expired  air;  which  contains — besides 
common  air,  an  increase  of  carbonic  acid,  water, 
and  some  animal  matter. 

Gaz  Sang'uiNIS,  Gtiz  ammn'le  snii'guinis,  Hnl' - 
itits   seu   Aura  seu    Viipor   snii'giii'iiia,    Spii'Ifus 
ronf'eriin,  Htpmat'mvH.     The  halitus,  or  vapour, 
given  ofl"  by  freshly-drawn  blood. 
GAZEL,  Ribes  nigrum. 
GAZELLE,  Antilopus. 
GEANT,  Giant. 
GEANTISME,  see  Giant. 
GEIiARPULVER,  Ergot. 
GEDE'OLA.     The  convex  part  of  the  liver.— 
Du  Cange. 

GEILNAU,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Geil- 
nau  is  a  village  in  the  grand  duchy  of  Nassau,  at 
no  great  distance  from  Frankfort.  The  waters 
contain  carbonic  acid,  carbonate,  sulphate,  and 
phosphate  of  soda,  chloride  of  sodium,  carbonate 
of  lime,  magnesia,  and  iron. 

GEISMAR,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
mineral  waters  of  Geismar,  in  Bavaria,  are  aci- 
dulous chalybeates. 

GEISUM,  yeiaov,  Geleon.  The  part  of  the 
frontal  bone  over  the  eyes. 

GELAPPIUM,  Convolvulus  jalapa. 
GELASINI  DENTES,  Incisive  teeth. 
GELASMUS,  Canine  laugh. 
GELATIG"ENOUS.      A    hybrid    term,    from 
gcJotin,  and  ytvui  or  ytvvuii>,  'to  engender.'     That 
which  forms  gelatinous  structure.    Dr.  Carpenter 
restricts  the  terra  to  substances  yielding  gelatin. 
The  propriety  of  this  may  well  be  questioned. 

GEL'ATIN,  Gel'afliie,  Ge/nt'inn,  Gnlrcda,  (P.) 
Gelatine,  from  (F.)  Gelee,  'gelly  or  jelly.'  From 
(L.)  Gelti,  'ice.'  An  immediate  animal  principle. 
It  is  semitransparent,  insipid,  inodorous,  inso- 
luble in  cold  water,  very  soluble  in  hot,  which  it 
thickens,  and  transforms  into  jelly  on  cooling, 
(xelatin  is  a  nutritious  substance;  and,  when 
dissolved  in  a  considerable  quantity  of  water, 
forms  an  emollient  fluid,  much  used  in  therapeu- 
tics, but  not  the  most  easy  of  digestion.  Two 
forms  of  gelatin  are  admitted  —  ^he  one  glntin  or 
gelatin  proper:   the  other  chondrin. 

Gelatin  op  Wharton,  Gelat'iiid  Whnrtonfn'nn, 
JfJIy  of  the  Cord.  A  soft,  dense,  iluid,  gelatinous 
substance,  which  envelops  the  umbilical  cord,  and 
is  conceived,  by  some,  to  be  inservient  to  the  nu- 
trition of  the  foetus. 

GELATINA  AQUATICA,  Brasenia  hydro- 
peltis. 

GELATINE  DES  CARTILAGES,  Chondrin. 
GELATINIFORM   MATTER   OF  THE  IN- 
TESTINE, Albuminose. 

GELAT'INOUS,  Gdatlno'>i„s,(Y.)  Getathieu.r. 
Relating,  or  appertaining  to,  or  having  the  cha- 
racter or  appearance  of  gelatin  or  jelly.     Viscid. 
Gklatinohs  Neuvk-fibiu:,  see  Nerve  fibres. 
GELATIO,  Congelation. 
GELDING,  Castration. 

GELEE,  Gelly  — ^.c  ntre  le  Goitre,  Balsam, 
ioduretteJ. 


GELLY,  JelJi),  Jus  geUt'tiim  seu  coagiihi'tiim, 
Gelu,  (F.)  Gelee.  Same  etymon.  A  subftanee 
of  a  soft  consistence,  trenuiluus,  and  transparent, 
which  is  obtained,  by  an  ajipropriato  trealiiu'iit, 
from  animal  and  vegetable  matters:  liciiee  Ihe 
distinction  into  (iiiiuidl  and  vcgitidih:  Jdli).  Tlio 
former  is  merely  a  concentrated  solution  of  gelu- 
tin,  left  to  cool. 

Vegetdhle  Jelli/\s  found  in  the  juice  of  the  cur- 
rant, mulberry,  and  of  almost  all  acid  fruits,  ttlit'i) 
ripe.  It  is  of  itself  colourless,  but  alincist  aliviiys 
retains  a  little  colouring  matter  of  the  fruit  wliicli 
has  furnished  it.  It  has  an  agreeable  tiiste;  is 
scarcely  soluble  in  cold  water,  but  bulling  wnlur 
dissolves  it  readily  :  the  jelly  is,  however,  alaidst 
all  deposited  on  cooling.  If  this  aqueous  solution 
be  boiled  for  a  long  time,  it  becomes  analogcius 
to  mucilage,  and  loses  the  property  of  being  jel- 
lied on  cooling. 

GELSEM'INUM  NIT'IDUM,  G.  Scwpervi'. 
reiin,  Bigiiu'nin  aempervireiis.  Ye/low  Jen'Hiiiuiiie. 
The  flowers,  root,  Ac,  of  this  shrub  of  the  South- 
ern States,  Sex.  Si/xi.  Pentandria  Digynia,  jWiI. 
Ord.  Apocyneae,  are  narcotic,  and  the  elHiivia 
from  the  former  are  said  sometimes  to  induce 
stupor. 

GELU,  Gelly. 
GELUS,  Risus. 

GEMELLI,  Gastrocnemii,  Ischio-trochantcri- 
anus.  Testicles. 

GEMEL'LUS,  Gem' inns,  'a  twin,'  Did'ymuH, 
(F.)  Jnmeau,  Jumelle,  Besaon,  Bcusoiine.  One  of 
two  children,  twins,  born  at  the  same  accouche- 
ment, or  gestation.  Also,  relating  to  twins,  as 
'a  twin  conception.' 

Gemkllus  Mus'otiLtis.  Cowper  applies  this 
name  to  the  long  portion  of  the  triceps  braehialis 
united  to  the  inner  portion. 

GEMINI,  Ischio-tro,"hanterianus,  Testicles. 
GEMINUM  CENTRUM  SEMICIRCULARE, 
Taenia  semieircularis. 
GEMINUS,  Gemellus. 
GEMIPOMA,  M.-imma. 
GEMISSEMENT,  see  Moaning. 
GEMMA,  Granulation — g.  Oculi,  Crystalline. 
GEMMATION,  see  Generation. 
Gemjiation,  Generation  by,  see  Generation. 
GE3IMIPARirE,  see  Generation. 
GEMMIPAROUS,  see  Generation. 
GEMUR'SA,  a  corn  ;  also  a  name  given  by 
the  ancients  to  a  disease  seated  between  the  toes; 
— the  nature  of  which  is  unknown  to  us. 

GEN,  Geit'esia,  'generation,'  from  ycvvaia,  'I 
make.'     Hence  Hydroi/eji,  Osteof/eny,  Ac. 

GEXA.      The  Cheek,  Geni/s,  Porei'n,   Gnrnjilf, 
G'iiiipJie'le,Gn(ithos,  Gnuthmns,  MuUi,  (Sc.)  iroi/i/c, 
(F.)  Jone.     The  cheeks  form  the  lateral  parts  of 
the   mouth.     Exteritalhj,   they   have   no    precise 
limits  :  they  are  continuous,  above,  with  the  lower 
eyelid;  below,  they  descend  as  far  as  the  base  of 
the  jaw;  before,  they  terminate  at  the  ala;  nasi, 
and  at  the  commissures  of  the  lips;  and  behind, 
at  the  ear.     Their  thickness  varies,  aecordinj;  to 
the  degree   of  fatness  of  the  individual.     They 
are  formed  of  three  layers;  —  one  dermoid,  ano- 
ther muscular,  and  the  third  mucous. 
GENCrVES.  Gingiva}. 
GENEANTHROPY,  Anthropogenia. 
GENEl'AS,  Lriiin'go  prinin,  I'robdr'biiim.  The 
downy  hairs,  which  first  cover  the  cheek.     Also, 
a  bandage  which  passes  under  the  cliin. 
GENEION,  Beard.  Mentum! 
GENERAL    ANATOMY,   see   Anatomy  — g. 
Practitioner,  Surgeon-apothecary. 
GENERA  LE,  Influenza, 
GENERATIO.  Generation —g.  .'Equivoca,  pee 
Generatiou — g.  Calculi,  Lithia  —  g.  Uomogcnea, 


GENERATION 


419 


GENIAN 


sec  Generation  —  g.  Priraigena,  see  Generation — 
g.  Priinitiva,  see  Generation  —  g.  Originaria,  see 
Generation — g.  Spontanea,  see  Generation. 

GENERATION,  O'enern'tio,  Gen'esia,  Genne'- 
iiiii,  Gone,  GonuH,  Frocrea'lio,  Procreation,  Brccd- 
iii'j,  from  (L.)  ijeno,  f/enere,  (jenitum,  ytvii),  or 
yivvaia,  'to  engender.'  Under  this  name  physi- 
ologists comprehend  the  aggregate  of  functions, 
which  concur,  in  organized  beings,  towards  the 
production  of  their  kind.  The  act  of  generation 
means  tlie  union  of  the  se.xes.  See  Coition.  The 
writers  of  antiquity  believed,  that  all  organized 
bodies  are  produced  either  by  what  is  termed 
iiniv'ocal  or  regular  generation,  llomogeu'esis, 
(jcnera'tio  homagen' ea,  propng<t'tio,  which  ap|ilies 
to  the  upper  classes  of  animals  and  vegetables, 
or  by  uponlaneoua  generation,  Antogon'ia,  hetero- 
gcn'etis,  generatio  heterogen'ea  seu  aqitiv'oca  seu 
primiti'oa  seu  primig"enn  seu  origina'ria  seu 
uponla' nea,  spunti-pHrite  (Dugds),  which  they  con- 
sidered applicable  to  the  very  lowest  classes  only, 
as  the  mushroom,  the  worm,  the  frog,  <fcc.  There 
arc  still  many  distinguished  naturalists  who  con- 
sider that  beings,  low  in  the  scale  of  aniraality, 
are  produced  in  the  latter  way.  Spontaneous 
generation  and  equivocal  generation  have  been 
regarded  by  many  to  be  synonymous.  Others, 
however,  mean  by  spontaneous  generation,  the 
production  of  a  new  being  from  tiic  mere  combi- 
nation of  inorganic  elements  ;  whilst  by  equivo- 
cal generation  they  understand  the  evolution  of 
a  new  being  from  organized  beings  dissimilar  to 
themselves,  through  some  irregularity  in  their 
funitions,  or  through  the  incipient  decay  or  de- 
f;encration  of  their  tissues.  As  to  the  mode  in 
which  regular  generation  is  accomplished,  there 
have  been  many  views.  According  to  the  doc- 
trine of  Hippocrates,  and  of  the  ancient  philoso- 
pliors,  the  ovaries  of  the  female  furnish  a  prolific 
iluiii,  similar  to  that  of  the  male;  and  the  fcetus 
ri'sults  from  the  mixture  of  the  two  seeds  in  cop- 
ulation. Steno  and  others  conceived,  that  the 
oviiries  contain  ova,  which  are  not  developed 
imtil  vivified  by  the  male  sperm.  Bonnet  and 
Spallanzani  believed  in  the  pre-existenee  of 
germs,  created  since  the  origin  of  the  world,  but 
eiicoKed  in  each  other,  and  becoming  developed  in 
succession  ;  whence  it  would  follow  that  the  ovary 
iif  the  first  female  must  have  contained  the  germs 
of  all  subsequent  generations:  and  that  the  num- 
ber of  these  germs  must  go  on  always  diminish- 
ing, until  ultimately  extinct.  This  was  the  system 
of  the  evolution  of  germs.  According  to  Leeiien- 
hoek,  the  ovaries  do  not  contain  eggs,  but  vesicles 
destined  to  receive  animalcules ;  which,  in  his 
view,  live  in  the  sperm.  Thousands  of  these 
animalcules  are  thrown  into  the  uterus  during 
copulation,  and  the  most  expeditious  and  vigor- 
ous reaches  the  ovary,  after  having  scattered  and 
destroyed  its  competitors.  BufFon  —  admitting 
the  hypothesis  of  the  two  seeds  —  supposed  that 
tiiey  were  formed  of  molecules  proceeding  from 
every  part  of  the  body  of  each  parent:  and  that, 
by  a  kind  of  elective  affinity,  those  which  were 
furnished  by  the  head,  the  trunk,  or  the  extre- 
mities of  the  male  parent,  could  only  unite  with 
those  proceeding  from  the  same  parts  of  the 
female.  Before  him,  Maupertuis,  admitting,  with 
many  of  the  ancient  philosophers,  the  system  of 
f'/iii/piieHin,  and  adopting,  as  regarded  the  com- 
position of  the  sperm,  a  theory  analogous  to  that 
of  Biifr(m,  had  supposed  that  the  molecules,  ca- 
piil>li'  of  being  organized,  were  attracted  towards 
a  centre;  that  the  nose  attracts  the  two  eyes; 
the  body,  the  arms ;  the  arms,  the  hands,  <fec., 
nearly  as  the  particles  of  a  salt,  dissolved  in  a 
liquid,  arrange  themselves  in  regul.ir  crystals 
around  the  same  nucleus.  These  anit  various 
other  systems  have  been   successively  proposed 


and  abandoned,  and  the  mystery  of  generation 
remains  impenetrable. 

The  simplest  kind  of  reproduction  does  not  re- 
quire sexual  organs.  The  animal  separates  into 
several  fragments,  which  form  so  many  new  indi- 
viduals. This  is  Finnip'aroua  generation,  Fihs'i- 
parism,  G.  from  Jission,  (F.)  Fisniparite,  Scissi- 
parite,  SciHsion,  Uloisonnement,  Jicproduction  ou 
J/iilliplioatioii  meriamatiqne.  G em uiip'arous gene- 
ration, (F.)  Gemmij)arite,  Generation  par  Gemma- 
tion, Snrcnlation  ou  liourgeonuement,  consists  in 
the  formation  of  buds,  sporules  or  germs  on  some 
part  of  the  body,  which  at  a  particular  period 
drop  off  and  form  as  many  new  individuals. 
These  kinds  of  reproduction  require  but  one  pa- 
rent—  Monoij" en\j.  In  Orip'orous  generation, 
(F.)  Oviparite,  the  egg  is  hatched  out  of  the  body. 
In  ovovivip'rons  generation,  the  new  being  is 
hatched  in  the  excretory  passages.  In  rivip'a- 
rous  generation,  the  new  individual  is  born  under 
its  appropriate  form  ;  and  in  mamn'pial  or  mar- 
su'piate  generation,  the  young  being,  born  at  a 
very  early  stage  of  development,  is  received  and 
nourished  in  a  marsnpinm  or  jiouch.  In  alternate 
generation,  (F.)  Generation  alternante,  the  J'oung 
not  only  do  not  resemble  the  parent  at  birth,  but 
remain  dissimilar  during  their  wh(dc  life,  so  that; 
their  relationshij)  is  not  apparent  until  a  succeed- 
ing generation.  Tlius,  the  cercaria  undergoes  a 
change  into  the  distoma.  See  Metagenesis.  All 
these  kinds  of  reproduction  require  the  union  of 
sexes — Dig"eny. 

All  the  acts  comprising  the  function  of  genera- 
tion in  man  may  be  referred  to  five  great  heads. 
1.  Copulation.  2.  Conception  or  fecundation. 
3.  Gettation  or  Pregnancy.  4.  Delivery  or  Ac- 
conchement ;  and,  5.  Lactation. 

Gknkration,  Act  of,  see  Generation — g.  Alter- 
nate, see  Generation,  and  Metagenesis — g.  Equi- 
vocal, see  Generation — g.  by  Fission,  see  Genera- 
tion— g.  Fissiparous,  see  Generation — g.  by  Gem- 
mation, see  Generation  —  g.  Gemmipiirous,  sea 
Generation  —  g.  Marsujiial,  see  Generation  —  g. 
Organs  of,  female,  see  Vulva — g.  Oviparous,  see 
Generation — g.Regular,  see  Generation — g.  Spon- 
taneous, see  Generation — g.  Univoeal,  see  Gene- 
ration— g.  Viviparous,  see  Generation. 

GEN'EROUS,  Gcnero'uns.  From  gennx.  gene- 
ris, 'a  race  ;'  generomm,  'of  a  noble  race,  noble.' 
A  name  given  to  wines  which  contain  a  great 
quantity  of  alcohol. 

GENESIAL,  Genital. 

GENESIOL'OGY,  Genesiolog"ia,  from  yevevts, 
'generation,' and  Xoyos,  'a  discourse.'  The  doc- 
trine of  generation. 

GEXKSIQUE,  LE,  Appetite,  venereal. 

GENESIS,  Generation. 

GENET,  Spartium  scopariura  —  g.  d  Balai, 
Spartium  scoparium — g.  des  Teintiiriers,  Genista 
tinctoria. 

GENETHLI'ACUS,  from  ycvidXioi,  'natal,' 
'pertaining  to  nativity.'  A  name  given  by  the  an- 
cients to  certain  astrologers,  who,  from  the  state 
of  the  heavens  at  the  time  of  the  birth  of  an  in- 
dividual, predicted  his  future  character  and  the 
events  of  his  life. 

GENET'ICA,  from  ycvtat;,  'generation.'  Dis- 
eases of  the  sexual  functions;  the  5th  class  in 
Good's  Nosology.  Also,  agents  that  act  on  Iho 
sexual  organs. — Pereira. 

GENETICUS,  Genital. 

GENEVA,  Gin,  see  Spirit. 

GENEVlilER,  Juniperus  communis — g.  Oxy- 
cedre,  Juniperus  oxycedrus. 

GENGIVITE,  Ulitis. 

GEXf,  Genian. 

GE'NIAN,  Genia'nus,  Ge'ninf,  from  ytveiovf 
'the  chin.'     The   Genian   apoph'yaia  or  FroceaSf 


GENICULATUM 


420 


GENTIANA 


(F.)  Apophi/oe  genienne  OU  (jeni,  13  situate  at  tho 
posteriur  part  of  the  symphysis  menti,  and  is 
formed  of  four  small  tubercles. 

GENICULATUM,  see  Corpora  geniculata. 

GENIE,  Ge'iiiita.  The  French  sometimes  ap- 
ply this  term  to  dieases  nearly  synonymously 
with  nut  are  ;  as  G^iiie  iiijinmmcitoire,  G.  hilieux, 
G.  (idijiKoitlqite.  Some  use  it  in  the  same  sense 
as  type;  Gdnie  intermittent.  The  unwonted  pre- 
dominance of  any  mental  faculty  is  also  so  called. 

GENIEN,  Genian. 

GENIEYRE,  Gin,  Juniperus  communis  (the 
berry.) 

GKNIO,  fKom  >'£^£Iov,  'chin.'  In  composition, 
means  rolating  or  appcrtainin,:^  to  the  chin. 

G  E  N  I'O  G  L  0  S  S  U.S.  Geuio-hyoglos'sus,  from 
yeviiov,  'the  chin,'  and  yXoxreru,  'the  tongue.' 
jlfesoylossiis,  J/esoglot'tits,  A^uniin  lingtim  mns'cu- 
lits.  The  name  of  a  flat,  triangular  muscle, 
which  extends  from  the  genian  apophysis  to  the 
inferior  surface  of  the  os  hyoides  and  tongue, 
which  last  it  carries  forward. 

GEXrOHYODES,  Geniohyoideus. 

GENIOIIYOGLOSSUS,  Genioglossus. 

GKNIOIIYOIDES,  Geniohvoideus. 

GE'Sr0HY0lY)V.\]S,Gc)u:,'hij<>'de8,Geniohyoi'- 
des,  tHento-hicorii'euH,  from  yivuiiv,  'the  chin,'  and 
'votiirii,  'the  OS  hyoides.'  A  muscle  which  arises 
from  the  genian  apophysis,  and  is  inserted  at 
the  anterior  part  of  tlic  body  of  the  os  hyoides. 
Its  use  is  to  raise  tho  os  hyoides,  and  carry  it 
forwards.  It  may,  also,  contribute  to  depress 
the  lower  jaw  in  contracting  towards  the  os 
hyoides. 

GEXI'O-PIIARYNGE'UkS,  from  ytvtwv,  'the 
chin,'  and  (paovy^,  '  the  pharyn.x.'  A  name  given, 
by  some  anatomists,  to  a  bundle  of  fibres  which 
passes  from  the  lower  jaw  to  the  sides  of  the  pha- 
rynx, and  forms  part  of  the  constrictor  pharynyis 
superior. 

GE'NIOPLAS'TY'',(?e)ii'o;)Za«'^ice,  from  ytvtiov, 
'  the  cliin,'  iind  irXaaau),  '  I  form.'  The  operation 
for  restoring  the  chin.  At  times  used  instead  of 
GeityoplnHtij,  for  the  operation  for  restoring  the 
cheelj. 

GEN'IPA  OBLOXGIFO'LIA,  Hnito.  A  plant 
of  I'eru,  with  the  juice  of  which  the  Indians  paint 
their  legs,  to  protect  them  against  the  stings  of 

GENIPI  ALBUM.  Achillea  moschata,  Ar- 
temisia rupestris  —  g,  Blanc,  Artemisia  rupestris 
— g.  Veruin,  Achillea  atrata. 

GENISTA,  Spartium  scopariura — g.  Canarien- 
sis,  see  Rhodium  lignum — g.  Hirsuta,  Spartium 
scoparium — g.  Scoparia,  Spartium  scoparium. 

Genis'tA  SpINO'sA  lN'mcX,Bahel  SehuUi.  Ord. 
Leguminosa?.  An  oriental  tree,  a  decoction  of 
the  roots  of  which  is  diuretic.  The  leaves  boiled 
in  vinegar  have  the  same  effect. — Ray. 

Gexis'ta  Tincto'ria,  Geuistoi'des  tineto'ria, 
Spar'tinm  tincto'rium,  Dyers'  broom  or  weed, 
Green  tceed,  Wood  wnxen,  Woodwex,  (F.)  Genet 
des  Teinturiers.  A  shrub  cultivated  in  this  coun- 
try and  in  Europe.  The  flowering  tops  and  seed 
have  been  used  in  medicine.  It  has  the  same 
properties  as  Spartium  scoparium. 

GEXISTOIDES  TINCTORIA,  Genista  tinc- 
toria. 

GEN'ITAL,  Genita'lis,  Genet'ieus,  Generatio'ni 
inaer'vietis,  Genc'iinl,  Gennet'iciis.  Same  etymon 
as  Generation.  That  which  belongs  or  relates  to 
generation. 

Gen'ital  Organs,  Sex'ual  Organs,  Pnden'da, 
Nattira'lia,  Ndtn'rn,  ^doe'a,  Me'zen,  Me'sn,  Mo'- 
rion  ;  Genital,  Noble,  N<tt'ural  or  Private  parts; 
Privities,  Privy  jvirts,  Privy  Members,  the  Parts, 
Pars,  Pars  corporis  seu  obscoe'na.  Fores,  Partes 
yeiiita'les  seu  generatio'ni  inservien'tes  seu  obsca:'- 


vcB,  Me'dca,  Vercn'da,  Pedes,  Ingucn,  Gcnita'lia, 
Gennet'ica,  Gynina,  Membra  pnden'da,  Or'gana 
generatio'ni  inservien'tia,  0.  sexna'lia  new  gcnilii'- 
lla,{Y.)  Organes  ginitaux, Parties genitales  OU  lion- 
teuses  OU  genitoires  ou  nobles  OU  sexuelles  ou  tin. 
ttirelles,  Les  Parties,  Ghiitoires.  Tlie  parts  that 
are  inservient  to  the  reproduction  of  the  specie.". 
These  are  very  different  in  the  male  and  feinali'. 
In  man,  they  are  numerous;  some  secreting  the 
sperm,  as  the  testicles  and  their  appendages; 
others  retaining  it,  as  the  vesicular  seminules; 
and  another  for  carrying  it  into  the  organs  of  tlie 
female, — the  penis.  In  the  female,  the  parts  of 
generation  form  an  apparatus,  perhaps  more  com- 
plicated than  that  of  the  male.  Some  arc  inser- 
vient to  copulation,  as  the  vulva,  vagina,  Ac, 
others  to  conception  and  the  preservation  of  the 
product  for  a  determinate  time,  as  the  uterus  and 
its  appendages ;  whilst  others  concur  in  the  ali- 
mentation of  the  infant  after  birth,  as  the  mainina;. 
GENITALE,  Sperm— g.  Caput,  Glans. 
GENITALIA,  Genital  organs — g.  Viri,  Pudi- 
bilia. 

GEN'ITO-CRURAL  NERVE,  Ncrvns  geu'iio. 
crnra'lis,  Subpu'bial  or  Intvr'nal  in'gninal  nerve. 
A   branch   of  the  second  lumbar  nerve,  wliicli 
passes  through  the  psoas  muscle,  and,  approiicli- 
ing  the  femoral  arch,  divides  into  two  hrHiiclic;', 
— an  internal,  scrotal,  or  gen'ital,  nervns  sperma- 
ticus  sou  pnden'dns  exter'nns,  and  an  external  or 
femoral  cutaneous  branch,  lumbo-ingninalis. 
GENITO-  URINARY,  see  Uro-gcnital. 
GENITOIRES,  Genital  Organs. 
GENITU'RA.     That  which  is  fecundated  or 
engendered  in  the  maternal  womb.     This  word 
has  been  used  synonymously  with  embryo,  fwtni, 
and  infant.    Also,  the  sperm;  and  the  penis.    See 
Gone. 

GENIUM,  Mentum. 
GENNBSIS,  Generation. 
GENNETICA,  Genital  Organs. 
GENNETICOCNES'MUS,     from     ycwriuKo;, 
'genital,'  and  »cvt;<r/jus,  'itching.'    Itching  of  the 
genital  organs. 

GENNETICON'OSI,  Genneticnnn'si  from 
ytvvriTiKog,  '  genital,'  and  voaoi,  '  disease.'  Dis- 
eases of  the  genitals. 

GENNET'ICUS,  Genital. 
GEN'OA,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  climate  of  this 
Italian  city  and  its  vicinity  has  been  often  selected 
as  favourable  for  the  phthisical  valetudinarian 
during  the  winter ;  but  it  is  now  admitted  to  l.c 
decidedly  improper  for  pulmonary  affections,  be- 
ing subject  to  frequent  and  rapid  changes  of  tem- 
perature, and  to  dry  cold  winds  from  the  north, 
alternately  with  warm  moist  winds  from  the 
south-east. — Sir  James  Clark. 

GENONU'SI,   3Iorbi  sexus,  from  yeroj, 'sex,' 
and  voueroj,  '  disease.'     Sexual  diseases. 
GENOPLASTIC,  Meloplastic. 
GENOS,  Sex. 
GENOU,  Genu. 

GENOUILlJjS,  (Corps,)  Corpora  geniculata. 
GENOUILLET,  Convallaria  polygonatum. 
GENRE,  Genus. 

GENSANG,  Panax  quinquefolium. 
GENTIA,  Gcntianina. 

GENTIAN,  (from  Gentius,  King  of  Illyrin,  who 
used  some  species  medicinally),  Gentiana  luien, 
Triosteum— g.  Blue,  Gentiana  catesbai— g-  Catcs- 
bian,  Gentiana  catesbaji— g.  Horse,  Triosteum— 
g.  White,  Laserpitium  latifolium  —  g.  SouthcTn, 
Gentiana  catesbifii—g.  White,  Triosteum— g.  Yel- 
low, Gentiana  lutea,  see  Calumba. 

GENTIANA,  G.  lutea— g.  Alba.  Laserpitium 
latifolium — g.  Amarylluides,  G.  quinqueflora— K- 
Cachenlaguen,  Chironia  Chilcnsis  — g.  Centau- 
rium,  Chironia  centaurium. 


GEXTIANE  JAUNE 


421 


GERANIUM 


GkvtiwaCatf.sBvE'i;  G.Cntexhm'na,  BhteGen- 
f!'in.  Ph.  U.  S.,  Cutei'bian  or  S'mlheni  Geu'tian, 
lUiiehelU,  liitterroot.  Old.  Gentianaceae.  It  is 
n  pure  and  simple  bitter,  and  the  root  may  be 
used  wherever  that  of  the  Gentkvia  lutea  is 
|iro|)er. 

(Jkntia'n'A  Chirayta,  G.  ChirnySUn,  Henrice'a 
fhrirni'iceiu'ehti,  Siocr'lirt,  Aijalho'len  ehirayi'ta, 
Ofihe'tia  chira'tn,  Uhiret'Ut,  Uhlnaji'ta,  Chi- 
rae'tn.  A  native  of  India,  whicli  has  been 
iiuifh  employed  in  that  country,  in  dyspepsia, 
and  lis  an  antiperiodic  in  intcnnitfents.  It  is 
preferred  by  sonic  to  sarsaparilla,  where  the  lat- 
ter is  considered  to  be  indicated, — as  after  large 
quantities  of  mercury  have  been  taken,  or  where 
pripfuse  salivation  has  been  induced.  It  has  also 
been  advised  in  atonic  leucorrhoea.  It  yields  its 
virtues  to  alcohol  and  water. 

(iKNTrANA  Crinita,  see  (x.  quinqueflora — g.  Ge- 
rardi,  Chironia  centaurium. 

(ientia'na  Ld'tka.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  ofiScinal  gentian  ;  GentUi'tm,  G.  major  seu 
r'l'enini  seu  rubra,  Sicer'ti<(  lu'ten,  Ante,' ring  lit'- 
trn,  Yflloin  Gentian,  Felwort.  Ord.  Gentianese. 
(F.)  Gentiiine  jaime.  This  is  a  plant  common  in 
the  mountains  of  Europe.  The  root  is  almost 
inodorous,  extremely  bitter,  and  yields  its  virtues 
to  ether,  alcohol,  and  water.  It  is  tonic  and 
stomachic:  and  in  large  doses,  aperient.  Dose, 
gr.  X  to  9ij.  It  is  most  frequently,  however, 
used  in  infusion  or  tincture. 

Gkntiana  Major,  G.  lutea  —  g.  Ochroleuca, 
see  (}.  saponaria  —  g.  Peruviana,  Chironia  Chi- 
lensis. 

(Jkntia'na  Quinqueplo'ra,  G.  amnryUoVdes, 
Fire-Jtowpred  Gentian  ;  and  Gentia'na  Crini'ta, 
Frlnrjed  Gentian,  indigenous,  are  possessed  of 
like  virtues. 
Gkntiaxa  Rubra,  G.  lutea. 
GKNTrANA  Sapom'ria,  Snapwort  Gentian,  and 
G.  ochroleu'ca,  Sampson's  Snakeroot  ;  indigenous, 
have  the  properties  of  (Jentiana  lutea;  and  are 
saiil  also  to  be  diaphoretic. 
Gknti ANA  VKTKium,  G.  lutca. 
GEXTfAXE  JAUXE,  Gentiana  lutea. 
GKNTI.ANI'NA,  Gcntianine,  Gentianin,  Gen- 
tin'tiiii,  Gen'tia.  A  supposed  neutral  substance, 
obtained  from  gentian,  and,  by  some,  presumed 
to  be  its  active  principle.  It  is  not  so. 
GH.NTILrriUS,  Hereditary. 
GHXU,  Goiii/.  yoi'u,  (P.)  Genou.  The  articula- 
tion of  the  leg  with  the  thigh  ;— the  Femoro-tibial 
or  knee-joint,  the  knee.  It  is  the  most  compli- 
cated in  the  body,  and  is  formed  by  the  inferior 
extremity  of  the  femur,  the  superior  extremity 
of  the  tibia,  and  the  rotula.  The  articular  sur- 
fnces  of  the  bones  are  covered  by  layers  of  carti- 
lii^'e  —  more  or  less  thick — and  by  the  synovial 
membrane  of  the  articulation.  Tiie  soft  parts  of 
this  joint  are, — the  ligiimeiitnm  pntellce,  two  late- 
ral liganjents,  distinguished  iiy  the  names  inter- 
i"d  and  external  ;  a  posterior  ligament,  Lif/ainen'- 
t'lin  poHli'cnin  Window' ii  ;  two  crucial  ligaments, 
—the  one  anterior,  and  the  other  posterior;  two 
iiiterarticular  fibrocartilages  ;  some  albugineous 
fi'jres,  whicii  foim  an  iu\porfect  capsule,  &c.  The 
knee  receives  its  arteries  from  the  femoral  and 
Ji'pliteal.  They  bear  the  name  articular.  Its 
veins  have  the  same  distribution  as  the  arteries, 
ami  discharge  their  blood  into  the  saphena  and 
crural.  Its  nerves  are  furnished  by  the  sciatic, 
p  'pliteal,  and  crural.  The  joint  is  protected  by 
t!ie  tendons  and  muscles  which  surround  it. 

The  French  use  the  term  Articulation  en  genou 
fir  a  joint,  in  which  the  head  of  a  bone  is  received 
into  a  bony  cavity  of  another,  where  it  rolls  and 
moves  in  all  directions. 

Gknii  Coni'ORis  Cat.losi,  see  Corpus  callosum 
— g.  Varum,  Eutogonyanuon. 


GENFGRA,  Gonagra. 

GENU  IN  US,  Legitimate. 

GENUS,  (F.)  Genre.  A  collection  or  group  of 
species,  analogous  to  each  other,  and  which  can 
be  united  by  common  characters.  When  a  spe- 
cies cannot  be  referred  to  a  known  genus,  it  con- 
stitutes a  distinct  one. 

Gkni'S  CiniATiOMS,  Ratio  medendi. 

GENY,  Genys. 

GENYANTRAL'GIA,  from  ytvus,' the  maxilla,' 
avrpov,  'the  antrum,  and  oXyoj,  'pain.'  Pain  in 
the  antrum  of  Higbmore. 

GENYANTRI'TIS,  from  yn-uf,  '  the  maxilla,' 
avrpov,  'the  antrum,'  and  itin,  denoting  inflamma- 
tion.    Inflammation  of  the  antrum  of  Highmore. 

GENYANTRUM,  Antrum  of  Highmore. 

GENYOCYNANCHE,  Cynanche  parotidaea. 

GENYOPLASTY,  see  Genioplasty. 

GENYS,  yews,  Genu,  ytvv,  'the  jaw;'  also  the 
chin.     Sec  Gena. 

GEOFFR/E'A  INER'MIS,  Geoffra'a,  G.  race- 
mo'sa  seu  Piso'nia  seu  Jamniceii'iis,  Voitacnp'- 
oiia  America' na,  Geoffroy'a,  Cahhaij"ium,  Andi'ra 
inerm'is  seu  racemo''<a,  Cabbaije  Tree,  Cabbage 
Bark  Tree,  ]Vorni-bark  Tree.  Ord.  Leguminosse. 
Sex.  Syxt.  Diadelphia  Decandria.  The  odour  of 
the  bark  is  very  unpleasant.  It  is  anthelmintic 
and  cathartic.     Bose  of  the  powder,  J^j  to  ^ij. 

Geoffr^a  Jamaicessis,  G.  inerinis — g.  Piso- 
nis,  G.  inermis — g.  Raeemosa,  G.  inerrais. 

Gf.offu-k'a  Suri.vame.n'sis,  Andi'ra  Surina- 
meu'sis,  has  similar  properties. 

Huttenschmidt  has  separated  their  active  prin- 
ciples, to  which  he  has  given  the  names  Jamai- 
cine  and  Siirinamine.     They  are  all  alkaline. 

Geoffrtea  Vermif'uga,  Andirn  ibai,  Arriba, 
Skolemo'ra  Fernanibiicen'sis ;  a  South  American 
plant,  has  a  fruit,  the  almond  of  which,  called 
anyeline,  has  a  reputation  at  Rio  Janeiro  as  a 
vermifuge.  Dose,  a  grain  to  fifteen;  or  it  may 
be  given  in  infusion. 

GEOFFROYA,  GeofTraja  inermis  —  g.  Jamai- 
ccnsis,  G.  inermis. 

GEOG'RAPHY,  MED'ICAL,  Geogra'phia 
JIfed'ica,  Nosoi/eog'raphi/,  Nosngeograph' ia.  The 
description  of  the  surface  of  the  globe  as  regards 
the  influence  of  situation  on  the  health,  vital 
functions,  and  diseases  of  its  inhabitants,  vege- 
table and  animal:  but  principally  on  thos«  of 
man. 

GEOPII'AGISM,  Geopliag"ia,  Gmnphag"  ia, 
from  yi),  'earth,'  and  i^ayh>,  'I  eat.'  The  act  or 
practice  of  eating  earth.     See  Chthonophagia. 

GEORGIA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
water  of  Indian  Springs,  in  Butts  County,  is 
sulphureous.  The  Warm  Springs,  in  Meriwether 
County,  have  a  temperature  of  90°  Fahr.  Madi- 
son's Springs,  in  Madison  County,  are  a  chaly- 
beate; and  so  are  Jiowland's  Springs,  in  Cass 
County.     All  these  are  frequented  by  invalids. 

GERJ!;OLO(t"IA,  Geralolog"ia,  from  yijpa;, 
yrjpnrof,  'old  age,'  and  Xoyos,  'a  discourse.'  The 
doctrine,  or  a  description,  of  old  age. 

GERAFLOURIS,  Dianthus  caryophyllns. 

GER'ANIS,  from  ycpavos,  'a  crane,'  which  it 
resembled.  A  bandage,  used  by  the  ancients  in 
cases  of  fractured  clavicle.  Some  authors  attri- 
bute it  to  Hippocrates;  others,  to  Perigenes. 

GERA'NIUM,  same  etymon,  because  its  pistil 
is  long,  like  the  bill  of  the  crane.  Ord.  Gerania- 
ceae.     The  Crane's  Bill. 

Geranium  Caholiniantm.  see  G.  Robertianum 
— g.  Foetidum,  G.  Robertianum — g.  Maculatum, 
see  Geranium,  and  G.  Moschatum. 

Geranium  Moscha'tum,  Erod'ium  Moschatum, 
(F.)  Bee  de  grue  muscpte.  A  European  plant, 
esteemed  to  be  excitant  and  diaphoretic. 

(Jeramum  Novebohacbxse,  G.  Maculatum 

g.  Purpureum,  G.  Robertianum. 


GERAS 


42  2 


GIANT 


GKRwri'M  Robkutia'sdm,  G.  fiv'lidum  sen 
pitrj)i(' renin,  Stiiiki'iiij  Crane's  IJiU,  Herb  Hubert, 
(F.J  Ilerbe  d  Robert,  Bee  de  Gnte  Robertin. 
This  plant  was,  at  one  time,  used  as  an  antispas- 
itiudic  and  slight  stimulant,  as  well  as  fur  an  ex- 
ternal application  in  various  painful  sores  and 
inflammations. 

(iERA'N'iuM  Carolinia'num,  has  similar  proper- 
ties. 

Most  of  the  species  of  geranium  have  been  used 
as  astringents.  In  some  of  the  northwestern 
parts  of  the  United  Sti^tes,  the  root  of  Gera- 
liinm  nmcnln'tmn  —  Gero'nium,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  —  0. 
Noceboracen'ni,  Spotted  Crane's  Bill,  Crowfoot, 
Alum  root,  Tiirtnentil,  Stork  bill — is  called  Rncine 
d  Decqiiet,  after  a  person  of  that  name.  It  is 
highly  extolled  by  the  Western  Indians  as  an 
antisyphiiitie. 

GERAS,  Senectus. 

GERgURE,  Fissure. 

GERM,  Gernien,  Rlaxte,  Blaste'mn,  (F.)  Germe. 
The  rudiment  of  a  new  being,  not  yet  developed, 
or  which  is  still  adherent  to  the  mother. 

Germ  Fouck,  Plastic  force. 

GERMANDER,  COMMON,  Teueriura  cha- 
nisedrys — g.  Creeping,  Teueriura  chama'drys — g. 
Marnm,  Teucriuin  marum  —  g.  Small,  Teucrium 
chamifidrys — -g.  Water,  Teucrium  scordium. 

GERMANDREE  AQUATIQUE,  Teucrium 
scordium — ;/.  Murithne,  Teucrium  marum — g. 
Offichidle,  Teucrium  chamaedrys — g.  Seorodone, 
Teucrium  scordium. 

GERME  FA  UX,  Conception,  false. 

GERMEN,  Germ,  Sperm — g.  Dentale,  Dental 
Pulp— g.  Falsum,  Mole — g.  Spurium,  Conception, 
false. 

GEK'MINAL,  Ger'minafive,  Germinn'Us,  Ger- 
miniiti'vns,  (F.)  Germinatif ;  from  germen,  a 
germ.  Relating  or  belonging  to  germ;  as  "ger- 
minal cell." 

Germinal  Cell,  see  Cytoblast  —  g.  Membrane 
and  Vesicle,  see  Molecule  —  g.  Nucleus,  see 
Molecule — g.  Spot,  see  Molecule — g.  Vesicle,  see 
Molecule. 

GERMS,  DISSEMINATION  OP,  Panspermia 
• — g.  Pre-cxistence  of,  see  Preformation. 

GEROBOS'CIA,  Gemntobos't-in,  from  yripaq, 
'old  age,'  and  fiooKri,  'food.'  Nourishment  or 
maintenance  prajjcr  for  the  aged. 

GEROCOMEUM,  Gerocomium. 

GEROCO'MIA,  Gerocom'ice,  Gerontoeom'ice, 
from,  yqiiav,  ycfioiTos,  'an  aged  person,'  and  KOfiuv, 
'to  take  care  of.'  The  part  of  medicine  whose 
object  is  the  preservation  of  the  health  of  the 
aged  : — the  hygiene  of  old  people. 

GEROCOMICE,  Gerocomia. 

GEROCOMI'UM,  Gerorowe'im,  Presh/odn- 
chl'um,  Geroiifoconii'nm,  Ge  rot  raphe' urn.  Same 
etymon.     An  hospital  for  the  aged. 

GEROFLE,  see  Eugenia  caryophyllata. 

GEROFLEE  JAUXE,  Cheiranthus  cheiri. 

GERONTATROPHIA,  Marasmus  senilis. 

GEROXTOBOSCEA,  Geroboscia. 

GERONTOCOMICE,  Gerocomia. 

GERONTOCOMIUM,  Gerocomium. 

GERONTO'PIA,  from  ytptav,  yepovro;,  'an  old 
person,'  and  w\l/,  'the  eye.'  Weakness  of  sight 
of  the  aged. 

GERONTOTOXON,  Gerotoxon. 

GERONTOXON,  Gerotoxon. 

GEROTOX'ON,  Gerontox'on,  Gerontotox'on, 
Leneo'ina  Gerontotox'on, Mac'nla  eor'nem  arcna'tn. 
Areas  seni'tis ;  from  yepiov,  yepovroi,  'an  old  per- 
son,' and  To^ov,  'a  bow.'  A  bow-shaped  obscurity 
at  the  under  margin  of  the  cornea,  common  to 
old  people. 

GEROTROPHEUM.  Gerocomium. 

GEROTROPHIA,  Geroboscia. 


GERSA,  Plnmbi  subcarbonas — g.  Scrpentnria>, 
see  Aruui  inaculatum. 

GESIER,  Vcntriculus  callosus. 
GESTA,  'things  done,'  from  gerere,  gestnm, 
'to  do,'  'carry.'  Acta.  A  Latin  term,  intro- 
duced by  Halle  into  medical  language,  to  desig- 
nate, among  the  objects  which  belong  to  hygiene, 
the  functions  which  consist  in  the  voluntary 
movements  of  mu.-!cles  and  organs.  In  the  clii.«j 
Gesta  are  found  sleep,  the  waking  state,  mdvemenlt 
or  locomotion,  and  rest. 

GESTA'TION,  Gesta'tio,  Phora,  from  giHtare, 
gestatnm,  'to  carry.'  The  time  during  wljich  ii 
female  who  has  conceived  carries  the  embryo  in 
her  uterus.  See  Pregnancy.  Gestation,  likewise, 
signifies  the  bearing  or  carrying  of  an  individual; 
a  kind  of  exercise  easier  than  that  in  which  lie 
moves  by  virtue  of  his  own  ])owers.  Thus,  «o 
speak  of  gestation  on  horseback,  in  a  carriage,  ,tc. 

Gestation,  Protract'ed.  Pregniincy  pro- 
tracted beyond  the  usual  period.    See  Pregnancy. 

GESTICULA'TION,  Gesticnla'iio,  same  ety- 
mon.  The  act  of  making  many  gestures;  a 
symptom  in  disease,  which  indicates  great  ence- 
phalic erethism.  It  is  met  with  iu  numerous 
affections. 

GETIIYL'LIS  SPIRA'LIS.  A  South  Africnn 
plant,  Xat.  Ord.  AmnryllideiB,  the  oriinge-ci>- 
loured  fruit  of  which  has  a  pcculiiir  fragiance. 
An  infusion  in  spirit  or  tincture  is  used  in  flatu- 
lence and  colic. 

GEUM,  G.  rivale — g.  Caryophyllatuin,  (i.  iir- 
banum  —  g.  Nutans,  G.  rivale  —  g.  Palustre,  li. 
rivale. 

Geum  Rivale,  G.  pains' tre  sou  nntans,  Cnri/ti- 
phijlla'tu  aquut'iea  seu  nutans,  IJenedic'ta  sijlrm'- 
tris.  Water  or  Pnrple  avens,  Choc'olate  root.  (F.) 
Benoite  aquatique  ou  des  Ruisseanx.  Ord.  Rosa- 
cesB.  Sex.  Si/st.  Icosandria  Polygynia.  The 
root  of  this  plant — Genm  (Ph.  U.  S.) — is  astrin- 
gent. It  has  been  much  extolled  in  the  cure  of 
intermittents,  diarrhoea,  hemorrhage,  Ac. 

Geiim  UrBA'num,  G.  caryophjjlla'tmu,  C'lryn- 
piliylla'ta,  C.  vidga'ris  seu  urba' nn,  Carynjyliijl'liin 
vulga'ris,  Sanamun'da,  Lagophthal'/iius,  Cari/n- 
2)hyl'la,  Janamun'da,  Ilerba  benedie'ta,  Cuniiiiuii 
avens,  Herb  Rennet,  Yellow  avens,  Star  of  the 
North,  Blessed  herb,  (F.)  Benoite.  The  root  of 
this  plant  has  a  smell  not  unlike  that  of  cloves. 
Taste  bitterish,  austere;  virtues  yielded  to  water 
and  alcohol.  It  has  been  used  in  intermiltenls, 
dysentery,  chronic  diarrhoea,  debility,  &c.  Dose, 
^ss  to  3IJ  of  the  powder. 

Geum  Vernum,  Western  early  avens,  has  the 
same  properties  as 

Geum  Virginia'num,  White  avens,  Avens,  Ecmt 
root,  Choc'olate  root,  Bennet,  Throat  rout,  Cure- 
nil,  (F.)  Benoite  de  Virginie,  is  common  from 
Maine  to  Carolina  and  Kentucky,  flowering  in 
•Tune  and  July.  It  has  the  same  medical  pro- 
perties as  Geum  rivale. 

GEUMA,  Taste. 

GEUSION'OSI,  from  ytuois,  'taste,'  and  voaoi, 
'disease.'  Geusionu'si.  Diseases  of  the  organ  or 
sense  of  taste. 

GEIISIS,  Taste.  Rarely,  the  root  of  the 
tongue — Radix  linyna. 

GEUTHMOS,  Taste. 

GEZIB,  see  Pastinaca  opoponax. 

GEZIT,  Cngot. 

GEZJTAIN,  Cagot. 

GHERKIN,  see  Cucumis  sativus. 

GHITTA  JEMOCO.  Carabogia. 

GIALAPPA,  Convolvulus  Jalapi. 

GIANT,  Gigas,  (F.)  Geant.  One  much  above 
the  ordinary  stature;  of  excessive  growth — M"- 
croso'mia,  3f acrosomal' ia,  Magiiitu'do  gigaxtc  <*> 
(F.)  Geantisme. 


GIBBA 


423 


GLADIOLUS 


GTBBA,  Hump. 

(illUiKR,  Hump. 

GIlilJI'^KOSITAS,  Gibbositas. 

OlHIJOS'lTAS,  Gibheros'itaa,  Cyplio'fiU,  Ilha- 
chiii-ci//)lio'iiiii,  from  (F.)  Oibbeux,  (L.)  Gibbiis, 
(jihbi/iis,  'something  arched  or  vaulted  :  prominent.' 
(llbbiiH' ily,  O'ib'botisiieHH,  Cnrruttireof  the iij>iuf,IIii- 
hti'iiin.  A  phenomenon  which  occurs  in  different 
diseases,  particularly  in  rickets  and  caries  of  the 
vertebra).     See  Hump. 

GniBosiTAs  Cahiosa.  Vertebral  disease. 

GIBHOUSNESS,  Gibbositas. 

(JUiHUS,  Hump — g.  Pottii,  Vertebral  dise.ise. 

GlHIiETS.  Accorilin;;  to  Minsheu.  from  Gob- 
het,  'a  mouthful'  [?]  ;  but.  according  to  Junius, from 
(F.)  Gibier,  'game.'  The  word  seems  to  be  the 
old  (F.)  GIbe/cz,  Gibrhf,  &c.,  i.  e.  Gibier,  (L.)  C;- 
hniinm,  'food,'  (F.)  Abotlii.  It  means,  generally, 
the  parts  which  are  cut  off  from  a  goose  before  it 
is  roasted.  Also,  the  extremities  of  fowls,  such 
as  the  head,  wings,  feet;  to  which  are  sometimes 
added  the  liver,  gizzard,  &c.  Soup,  made  from 
these,  is  moderately  nutritious. 

GIDDIXK.SS,  Vertigo. 

(iri)UY.  Vertiginous. 

GIC.ANTEUS,  Gigantic. 

GIGAXTESQUE,  Gigantic. 

GIGAN'TIC,  Gicjnnte'us,  Glgnnto'den,  (F.)  Gi- 
gni/tes(jiie.  Relating  to  one  much  above  the  or- 
dinary stature. 

GIGANTODES.  Gigantic. 

GIGARTIXA  HELMINTIIOCIIORTON,  Co- 
rallina  Corsicana^ — g.  Lichenoides,  Fucus  amyla- 
ceus. 

GIGARUS  SERPENTARIA,  Arum  dracun- 
cnbis. 

GIGAS,  Giant. 

(JniAHUM,  Thymus  serpyllum. 
.  G I  LEAD,  BALM  OF,  see  Amyrisopobalsamum. 

G/LET  I)E  FORrE,  Waistcoat,  strait. 

(iIIiL,  (Jlcchoma  hederaeea. 

Gii.r,-GO-nv-GitotiNn.  (Jlechoma  hederaeea. 

GIl-LA  THEOPIIRASTI,  Zinci  sulphas  — g. 
Vitrioli,  Zinci  suliihas. 

GILLE'NIA  STIPULA'CEA,  Small-floxoerexl 
Jn'difiii  Pliijm'c  has  the  satne  properties  as 

Gii.lk'nia  Tuifolia'ta,  Spircs'n  tn'/oh'a'ta, 
Common  Gille'nla,  Indian  Phymc,  Western  Drop- 
wort,  Indian  Hippo,  Ip'ecac,  Bowman's  root,  Mea- 
dow street,  Beaumotit  root,  (F.)  GiUfnie.  Ord. 
Rosaceao.  Sex.  S>/st.  leosandria  Pentagynia. 
The  root  of  this  shrub,  and  of  G.  stipulacea  — 
Gil/e'nia.  (Ph.  U.  S.)  —  which  grows  plentifully 
in  the  United  States,  is  a  safe  and  efficacious 
emetic,  in  the  dose  of  about  30  grains.  It  re- 
sembles ipecacuanha  in  its  properties. 

GlIjJjXlE.  Gillenia  trifoliata. 

(JILLIFLOWER,  Dianthus  caryophyllus. 

G flJ.OX.  W^i'xxm  album. 

GIM'BERXAT'S  LIGAMENT.  A  fibrous, 
triangular  expansion,  which  is  detached  from  the 
posterior  and  inner  part  of  the  crural  arch,  and  i.s 
inserted  into  the  crest  of  the  pubis.  This  liga- 
ment forms  the  inner  part  of  the  superior  aper- 
ture of  the  crural  canal.  It  is  one  of  the  most 
frequent  causes  of  strangulation  in  crural  hernia. 

GIN,  Hollands,  Gene'va,  (F.)  Genierre.  This 
spirit,  which  is  distilled  from  com  and  juniper 
berries,  or  from  some  substitute  for  them,  is 
largely  used  in  Great  Britain,  and  is  e.Ytreraely 
detrimental,  to  the  lower  classes  particularly.  It 
possesses  the  properties  of  other  spirituous  liquors, 
but  is  <liuretic,  and,  in  popular  medicine,  is  more 
used  than  other  varieties,  in  cases  of  colic  or  intes- 
tinal pain  ofnn y  kind.  Schiedam  Selinapps'\s\mAer- 
stoocl  to  be  Ilolliinds  of  good  quality.  See  Spirit, 
(iiv  Dhinkkh's  Liver,  Liver,  nutmeg  —  g. 
Liver,  Liver,  nutmeg. 

GISGEMBRE,  Amomum  zingiber. 


GINGER,  Amomum  zingiber. 

GiNGKR  Bekr  Powdkr,  see  Amomum  zingiber. 

(iiNGKit,  Garden,  Capsicum — g.  Indian, Asarum 
Canadense — g.  .Jamaica,  concentrated  essence  of, 
see  Amomum  zingiber  —  g.  Preserved,  see  Amo- 
mum zingiber — g.  Wild,  Asarum  Canadense. 

(}  I  N  G  I B  R  A  '  C  H  I U  M ,  from  ginr/iva;  '  the 
gums,'  and  brachium,  'the  arm.'  A  name  given 
to  the  scurvy,  because  the  gums  and  arms  are 
chiefly  affected  by  it.  It  has  also  been  called 
Gin</ipe'(liiun,  because  the  lower  limbs  are  in 
many  cases  the  seat  of  scorbutic  spots.  See  Por- 
phyra  nautiea. 

GINGIPEDIUM,  see  Gingibrachium,  Por- 
phyra  nautiea. 

GINGI'VjE,  from  yignere,  'to  beget,'  because 
the  teeth  are,  as  it  were,  begotten  in  them.  [?] 
The  (jnms,  ovXa,  Via,  Carnic'ula,  (F.)  Gencives. 
The  portion  of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the 
mouth  which  covers  the  maxillary  bones  to  the 
level  of  the  alveolar  arches.  The  gums  are 
formed  of  a  red  tissue,  more  or  less  solid,  and  of 
a  fibro-mucous  nature,  which  adheres  strongly  to 
the  necks  of  the  teeth,  and  transmits,  between 
the  roots  and  their  alveoli,  a  very  thin  expan- 
sion,— the  alvenlo-dental  jjeriosleiim.  The  gums 
fi.x  the  teeth  and  contribute  greatly  to  their  soli- 
dity. In  the  aged,  after  the  loss  of  the  teeth, 
they  become  fibrous  and  very  solid,  and  are  in- 
servient  to  mastication. 

GINOIVA'LIS,  L'let'icus,  U'licns;  from  gin- 
giva, 'the  gums.'     Relating  to  the  gums. 

GING'LYMOID,  Ging/ymoi'dens,  Giiighjmo'- 
<les,  from  yiyyXvfios,  'a  ginglj'mus  or  hinge,'  and 
aiog,  'rescmbhince.'  Resembling  a  ginglymus  or 
hinge.  An  epithet  .npplied  to  joints  which  re- 
semble a  hinge,  as  a  ging/i/inoid  Joint. 

GIN'GLYMUS,  Cardinamen'tnm,  Cardo,  'a 
hinge.'  (P.)  Cliarniere,  Articulation  encharniere. 
A  species  of  diarthrodial  articulation,  which  only 
admits  of  motion  in  two  directions,  like  a  hinge, 
— as  the  knee-joint  or  elbow-joint. 

GINSENG,  Panax  quinquefolium — g.  Asiatic, 
Panax  Schinseng — g.  Blue,  Caulophyllum  thalic- 
troides — g.  Yellow,  Caulophyllum  thalictro'ides — 
g.  Horse,  Triosteum — g.  White,  Triosteum. 

GIRAFFE,  Densrue. 

GfRA RD-ROUSSIN,  Asarum. 

GIRDLE.  Cingulum. 

GIRL.  This  seems,  formerly,  to  have  been 
an  appellation  common  to  both  sexes.  Many 
etymologists  deduce  the  word  from  the  Su.  Goth. 
Karl,  'a  man.'  It  means  a  young  female,  (L.) 
Fil'ia.  from  ^i\uv,  'to  love.'     (F.)  Fille. 

GIROFLE,  see  Eugenia  caryophyllata. 

GIRO  FLEE  JAUNE,  Cheiranthus  cheiri. 

GIROLE,  Slum  sisarum. 

GIROX,  Arum  maculatum. 

GIRSLE,  Cartilage. 

GISN,  Anhelatio. 

GISSA,  Cynanche  parotidjca. 

GIZZARD,  Ventrieulus  callosus. 

GIZZEN,  see  Parturition. 

GLABELLA,  Mesophryon. 

GLABELLAD,  see  Glabellar. 

GLABEL'LAR,  from  giabeUa,  'the  space  be- 
tween the  eyebrows.'  An  epithet  for  an  aspect 
towards  the  glabella. — Barclay.  Glabel/ad  is  used 
adverbially  by  the  same  writer  to  signify  'to- 
wards the  glabellar  aspect.' 

GLABRITIES,  Calvities. 

GLACE.  Ice. 

GLACIALE,  Mesembryanthemum  crj-stalli- 
num. 

GLACTALIS  HUMOR,  Crystalline. 

GLACIES,  Ice. 

GLADI'OLUS, diminutive  otgfadius.  'a  sword,' 
from  the  sword-like  shape  of  its  leaf.  Macbajriou 
— g.  Cseruleus,  Iris  Germanica. 


GLADIUS 


424 


GLANDULAR 


Gladi'oi.us  Commu'.nis,  G.  vnlyn'rin,  Viclo- 
riii'lix  ri>tiiii'dai>eu/emiiie'ii,C<ir)ijl(ir/,{F.)Gl<njeuL 
Ord.  IriiJiit.  The  root  of  this  plant  has  been 
considered  aphrodisiac.  Applied  in  cataplasms, 
it  lias  been  extolled  against  scrofulous  tumours. 

Gi-APioLUs  LuTKUS,  Iris  pseudacorus — g.  Vul- 
garis, (t.  eoniraunis. 
GLADIUS,  Penis. 
GLAMA,  Lippitudo,  Clinsxie. 
GLAND,  Ghni'diilrt,  Gntn'diila,  (diminutive  of 
(■//'((IS, '  an  acorn,  a  kernel.')  Aden.  The  ancient 
anatouiists  gave  this  name  to  a  number  of  organs 
<if  a  texture  generally  soft,  and  a  shape  more  or 
less  globular,  but  differing  greatly  in  their  nature 
and  functions.  They  applied  it,  for  instance,  1. 
To  those  organs  which  separate  from  the  blood, 
any  Uuid  whatever.  When  such  organs  were 
composed  of  several  lobules,  united  b_y  common 
vessels,  they  received  the  name  conglomerate 
ijhinds,  as  the  parotid,  pancreas,  Ac.  2.  To  the 
reddish  and  spongy,  knot-like  bodies,  which  are 
met  with  in  the  ccuirse  of  the  lymphatics.  These 
they  called  con<//ijhale  f/hnidH  ;  —  see  Ganglion, 
(lymphotic  ;)  and  3dly  and  lastly,  to  various  other 
organs,  whose  intiuiate  texture  and  functions  are 
still  unknown,  as  the  Pinenl  tjhind,  Pitultnry 
ijhind.  Glcndn  of  Pacvhi'oni.  Thyroid  gland,  Thij- 
tiiun  gland,  Supra-renal  glands,  &c.  Chaussier 
restricts  the  word  gland  to  those  softish,  granular, 
lobated  organs,  composed  of  vessels,  and  a  parti- 
cular texture,  of  which  there  are  in  the  human 
body,  the  l<(chri/nial,  nalivary,  and  mammary,  the 
iexticleH,  the  liver,  pancreas,  and  kidneys.  These 
j/ernianent  glands,  or  glands  with  permanent  diicta, 
are  all  destined  to  draw  from  the  blood  the  mole- 
cules necessary  for  the  formation  of  new  fluids, 
and  to  convey  these  fluids  externally,  by  means 
of  one  or  more  excretory  ducts.  Several  glands, 
besides  their  excretory  ducts,  have  especial  reser- 
voirs, in  which  the  fluids,  secreted  by  them,  col- 
lect, remain  for  a  greater  or  less  space  of  time, 
and  undergo  slight  modifications  before  being 
evacuated;  —  such  are,  the  gall-bladder  for  the 
liver,  the  urinary  bladder  for  the  kidneys,  &c. 
Each  gland  has  an  organization  peculiar  to  it, 
but  we  know  not  the  intimate  nature  of  the  glan- 
dular texture. — Malpighi  believed  that  the  ves- 
sels terminate  in  small,  solid  masses,  to  which  he 
gave  the  name — glandidar  grains  or  acini.  In 
these,  he  considered,  the  excretory  ducts  originate, 
lluysch  thought  that  the  glands  are  entirely  vas- 
cular, and  that  the  excretory  ducts  are  immedi- 
ately continuous  with  the  vasn  affrrentia,  Ac.  The 
best  view,  perhaps,  is,  that  the  exhaling  or  secre- 
ting vessel  is  distributed  on  the- animal  membrane, 
which  forms  the  blind  extremitj'  of  the  excretory 
duet,  and  that  the  secretion  is  effected  through 
it  by  means  of  cells. 

The  term  glande  (F.)  is  sometimes  appropriated 
to  the  tumour  formed  by  inflammation  or  engorge- 
ment of  a  lymphatic  ganglion. 

GLAND,  Glans — g.  Accessory,  of  the  Parotid, 
pee  Parotid  —  g.  Anteprostatic,  see  Cowper's 
glands — g.  Blood,  see  Ganglion — g.  Globate,  Con- 
globate gland  —  g.  Prostate,  Prostate  —  g.  Sali- 
vary, abdominal,  Pancreas. 

GLANDAGE.  Adenophyraa. 

GLANDE,  Gland  — gf.  Thyroide,  see  Thyroid 
gland — •'/.  Vidvaire  conglomeree,  Cowper's  glands 
in  the  female — g.  Vidoo-vaginale,  Cowper's  glands 
ii  the  female. 

GLANDERS,  Equinia — g.  Farcy,  see  Equinia. 

GLANDES  BRONCHIQUES,  Bronchial 
glands — (/.  Ue.rnmineiises,  Ceruminous  glands — g. 
Conglohees,  Conjlobate  glands  —  g.  de  Cowper, 
'•owper's  glands  in  the  female — g.  de  Croissauce, 
Waxing  kernels  —  g.  de  Littre,  see  Sebaceous 
glands — g.  de  Meibomius,  Meibomius,  glands  of — 


g.  de  Mery,  Cowper's  glamls  in  the  female — g.  de 
Pacchioni,  Paechioni,  glands  of. 

GLANDIFORM  COllPUSCLE,  Acinus— g. 
ganglion,  see  Ganglion. 

GLANDIUM,  Thymus, 

GLANDS,  see  Quercus  Alba  —  g.  Accessory, 
Cowper's  glands — g.  Aggregate,  Peyeri  glandulap 
— g.  Agminatcd,  Peyer's  glands — g.  A|)oric,  Gan- 
glions, glandiform — g.  Blind,  Ganglions,  glandi- 
form— g.  of  Bartholinus,  Cowper's  glands  in  the 
female  —  g.  Brunner's,  see  Brunner's  glands  —  g. 
Cowper's,  sec  Cowper's  glands — g.  Diapnogenous, 
see  Perspiration  —  g.  Ductless,  see  (Janglion  —  g. 
of  Duverney,  Cowper's  glands  in  the  female — g. 
Havers's,  Synovial  glands — g.  Lenticular,  Lcntie- 
ulares  glandulie  —  g.  Lieberkiihn's,  Lieberkiihn's 
glands,  see  Intestine  —  g.  Miliary,  Schaceous 
gland.s — g.  of  Naboth,  Nabothi  Glandula' — g.  Oil, 
Sebaceous  glands  —  g.  of  Pacchioni.  Glandulse 
Pacchioni — g.  Permanent,  see  Gland — g.  Peyer's, 
Peyeri  glandula;  —  g.  Renal,  Cajjsules,  renal — g. 
Sebaceous,  see  Sebaceous  glands  —  g.  Solitary, 
Brunner's  glands — g.  Sudoriparous,  see  Perspira- 
tion— g.  Sweat,  see  Perspiration. 

GlAND.S,  Tkm'porary,  Glands  tvitlwut  permn- 
neiif  orifices.  Glands,  that  consist  of  a  single 
primary  vesicle  or  sacculus,  which,  having  ela- 
borated a  secretion  in  its  interior,  bursts,  dis- 
charges it,  and  disappears.  The  Graafian  vesi- 
cles and  the  gland  cells  afford  examples  of  these. 

Glands  of  Tyson,  Sebaceous  glands  of  Tyson 

—  g.  Vascular,  see  Ganglion  —  g.  of  Vesalius, 
Bronchial  glands — g.  of  AVillis,  Albicantia  corpo- 
ra, Mammillary  tubercles. 

GLANDULA,  Gland  — g.  ad  Aures,  Parotid— 
g.  Avicenniie,  Encystis  —  g.  Bartholiniana,  Sub- 
lingual gland  —  g.  Basilaris,  Pituitary  gland  —  g. 
Colli,  Tonsil  —  g.  Innominata  Galeni,  Lachrymal 
gland — g.  Lacrymalis,  Lachrymal  gland — g.  Lac- 
tifera.  Mammary  gland  —  g.  Mucosa,  Conglolinfe 
gland  —  g.  Pinealis,  Pineal  gland  —  g.  Pituilosa, 
Pituitary  gland — g.  Riviniana,  Sublingual  gland 

—  g.  Salivalis  abdominis,  Pancreas  —  g.  Socia 
Parotidis,  see  Parotid  —  g.  Thymus,  Thymus — g. 
Thyreoidea,  Thyroid  gland. 

GLANDiiLyR  AciN0.s.i5,sce  Acinus — g.  Agminatae, 
Peyeri  glandulae — g.  Articulares,  Synovial  glands 
— g.  Assistentes,  Prostate — g.  Brunneri,  Brunner's 
glands — g.  Cervicis  uteri,  Nabothi  glandulae — g. 
Coronae  penis,  see  Sebaceous  glands — g.  Cowper's, 
Cowper's  glands-^g.  Duras  matris,  G.  Pacchioni 
— g.  DuriB  meningis,  G.  Paechioni — g.  in  Agmen 
congregatae  intestinoruu),  Peyeri  glanduliif  —  g. 
Intestina'.es,  Peyeri  glandula  — g.  Lieherkiihni- 
anw,  Lieberkiihn's  glands — g.  Littriana;,  see  Se- 
baceous glands  —  g.  Meibomianae,  Meibomius, 
glands  of — g.  Mucosae  coagminatse  intestinorum, 
Peyeri  glandulae  —  g.  Muciparae  racematim  con- 
gestac  intestinorum,  Peyeri  glandulie  —  g.  Myrti- 
formes,  Carunculas  myrtiformes  —  g.  Odoriferae 
glandis,  see  Sebaceous  glands  —  g.  Odoriferas 
penis,  see  Sebaceous  glands — g.  Odorifera  Tysoni, 
see  Sebaceous  glands  —  g.  Pacchioni,  Pacchioni, 
glands  of — g.  Peyerianao,  Peyeri  glandulae — g. 
Plexifornies,  Peyeri  G. — g.  Prostatae  mulieruni, 
see  Corpus  glandulosum  mulieruni  —  g.  Sehaceaj 
ciliares,  Meibomius,  glands  of — g.  Sebaceae  glan- 
dis, see  Sebaceous  glands — g.  Solitariie,  Brunner's 
glands  —  g.  Spuriae,  Peyeri  glandulae,  (ianglions, 
glandiform — g.  Sudoriferic.  see  Perspiration — g. 
Suprarenales.  Capsules,  renal  —  g.  Tubulosap,  see 
Tubular — g.  Tysoni,  Sebaceous  glands  of  Tyson 

—  g.  Uterintp,  Utricular  glands  —  g.  Utriculares, 
Utricular  Glands  —  g.  Vasculosae,  Conglomerate 
glands — g.  Vesalianae,  Bronchial  glands. 

GLANDULAIRE,  Glandular. 
GLAND'ULAR,     Glandnla'ris.     Glandnlo'sni, 
(F.)   Glandtdaire,   Glandideux.     Having  the  ap- 


GLANDULE 


4  25 


GLOBULE 


pcaranc-o.  fonn,  or  texture  of  Glainh  ;  as  a  gJan- 
itiilar  binly,  a  ij/diidn/iir  texture,  <fec. 

{ii.ANDiJLAK  Substance  of  thk  Kidney,  see 
Kiiliicv. 

(ir-ANDULE  OF  MALPIGHI,  see  Corpora 
Mjlliif;liiMiiii. 

6'  A, .1 A7'  I  'f.EUX,  Gliindular. 
(JLAN'DULO'SO-CARNEUS.      Ruysch    gives 
tliis  epiiliet  to  fleshy  excrescences  which  he  found 
ill  tlie  lilii'ldcr. 

GT-A\DULOSUS,  Glandular. 
(ILAX.S,  <l^•n'\\\vf.  (/lotxlii,  ('an  acorn.')  Bnl'n- 
1IIIH.  ('i/t'l'ii<ii,  (^impiH.  Ciipiit,  C.  I'eiit'n,  (jcnitit'le 
c'ipiii,  (F.)  Gland.  The  extremity  of  the  penis 
and  of  the  clitoris.  The  t/laun  jienia  is  of  a  coni- 
cal, sli;;htly  flattened  shape.  It  is  continuous 
with  till!  urethra,  which  oyicns  at  its  apej-  ;  and 
i.-i  circumscribed  by  a  projecting  edge,  called  the 
i'lini'iiii  /jliiiulis,  behind  which  is  a  depression. 
C'llhim  scu  Sulcus  retr<>(/l<indiil/i'n'K.  It  is  covered 
by  a  thin  mucous  membrane,  is  furnished,  at  its 
base,  with  sebaceous  follicles,  called  ghiii'dii!(B 
ii'tiiri/'ricB  Ti/xii'iii,  the  secretion  from  which  is 
termed  Suieijiiin  prc/tit'tii ;  and  can,  almost  always, 
be  covered  tiy  the  reflection  of  the  sl<in,  called  the 
pippiicr.  Lastly,  it  is  formed  of  a  spongy  texture, 
susceptible  of  being  thrown  into  erection. 
(jI.ans,  Bronchocele,  Pessary,  Suppository. 
Gr.ANS  CLiTon'inis  is  smaller.  It  is  imper- 
fiirate,  and  likewise  covered  with  a  sort  of  pre- 
puce formed  by  the  mucous  membrane  of  the 
vulva. 

Gi.ANS  Jovis  Thkophrasti,  Fagiis  eastanea — 
g.  Uln:e,  Olecranon — g.  Unguentaria,  Guilandina 
UKiringa,  Mvrobalanus. 
(iLAKEA.  Gravel. 
GLASS,  Vitrum. 

GLAUBER'S  SALTS,  Soda,  sulphate  of. 
GLAUCEDO.  Glaucoma. 

GLAUCO'MA,  from  yXdUKo?,  'sea-green.' 
(ildiiiii'tilii,  GInnce'di),  Ciitarnc'td  (/hiic-n.  Oc'idus 
((s'lius,  Cm'niiin,  Phlhctnim  (jhiiiro'iiin,  Pivnp'sia 
(jlunvii'sin,  Apoj/lauco'sfs.  Amongst  the  older 
jiathologists,  this  word  was  used  synonymously 
with  cataract.  It  is  now  ordinarily  applied  to 
opacity  of  the  vitreous  humour  or  of  the  tunica 
hyaloiiiea,  which  manifests  it,«elf  by  a  grayish, 
or  greenish  spot,  apparent  through  the  pupil. 
The  diagnosis  is  generally  diflicult;  and  the  dis- 
ease is  almost  always  incurable. 
Gi.AiTcoMA  AVoi'i.iioi'si,  Cataract. 
GLAUCOSIS,  Glaucoma. 

GLAYEUL,    Gladiolus    vulgaris — g.    Piiaut, 
Iris  fa'lidissima. 
GLECHO'MA    IIEDERA'CEA.    G.    hlrsu'ta. 

Xep'ctn  yk'iho'mn,  Htt/cr'iilrt,  ChdiiiO'cJe' n)n,  C. 
hederti'ceii,  Odlnmiii'lhii  hedera'cea,  Calaiin'ti'ta 
hiiiiill'ior,  Chnmo'.ris'gnt.  I/ed'era  terres'trii,  Ni'p'- 
clii  (/Icrlio'itKi,  Pini'tce'a  pec'torh,  Ground-ivy, 
Gdl,  GiU-ijo-hy-gr<initd,  Ahhnnf,  Rabin  rnunn-ay, 
(F.)  Lierre  te.rrpstre,  Tcrn-tte,  Rondote,  Hevhe 
Siiint-Jenn.  This  plant — 0/-rf.  Labiatii; — has  a 
strung  .smell,  and  a  bitterish,  somewhat  aromatic, 
taste.  It  has  been  considered  expectorant  and 
tunic. 

•n.ECirO.MA  IIIRSUTA,  G.  hederacea. 

(!l,ECIIO.\.  Mentha  piilegium. 

(iLECHOXI'TIS.  Wine,  impregnated  with 
the  Glechon,  yAvj^ojv,  iiiciithu  pideyiuni  or  pennj'- 
roynl. 

GI,EKtXG.  Strabismus. 

GLEET,  see  (tonorrhoca. 

GI.EME,  (Vioniie,  Lippitudo. 

GLEXE,  yXiji'j;.  The  pupil.  The  anterior  part 
of  the  eye.  The  eyeball.  The  eye.  According 
to  some,  the  crystalline  lens.  Also,  a  glenoid 
cavity. 

GLEXGORK.  Svphilis. 

GLEXGOUll,  Syphilis. 


GLENITIS,  Phacitis. 

GLEXN'S  SPRINGS,  see  South  Carolina, 
Mineral  waters  of. 

GLENOID,  Glene. 

Gi.k'noid,  Glenoid' al,  Glenoida'Ua,  Gleunt'dea, 
Gleno'deH,  Gleno'i'deiis,  from  y^rivr),  and  £«(5of,  're- 
semblance.' (F.)  Glenoide,  Glcnoidafc,  Gleiioi- 
dien.  Any  shallow,  articular  cavity,  yXtj^'l,  glene, 
which  receives  the  head  of  a  bone;  such  as,  1. 
The  glenoid  cavity  or  fossa  of  the  scapula,  Foaaa 
gifno'idea,  Omocot'yie,  Acelab'vlnm  hn'nieri,  Ciiv'i- 
tan  hu'meri  gleni/idex,  Enlypo'iiie,  is  situate  at 
the  anterior  angle  of  the  scapula  :  and  is  arti- 
culated with  the  head  of  the  humerus.  2.  The 
glenoid  cavity  or  fossa  of  the  temporal  Ixine.  It 
is  seated  between  the  two  roots  of  the  zygomatic 
process,  and  receives  the  condyle  of  the  lower 
jaw. 

Glenoid  Lig'ament,  (F.)  Ligament  Gleno'idien, 
is  a  fibro-cartilaginous  ring  or  honrrelet,  which 
seems  formed  by  the  expansion  of  the  tendon  of 
the  long  head  of  the  biceps  brachialis,  and  sur- 
rounds the  glenoid  cavity  of  the  scapula,  the 
depth  of  which  it  increases. 

GLENOID  ALE.  Glenoid. 

GLEYED,  see  Strabismus. 

GLIADI.NE.  Ihematin. 

GLISCIIRAS'MA,  Glix'ehrotes.  from  ylicxpai- 
Ki),  (yAia,  'glue.'j  'I  become  glutinous.'  Lentor, 
viscidity.  —  IIi[)|i(iciates. 

GLISCIIROCirOLUS,  from  yXitrx/'os,  'viscid,' 
and  ;;^oA»;,  'bile.'  An  epithet  lor  excrcmeut  which 
is  glutiucius  and  bilious. 

GLISCIIROTES,  Glischrasma. 

GLISO.MARCJO,  Greta. 

GIJSSEMENT  DU  LAMBEAU,  see  Flap. 

GLL-^TEI{,  Clvster. 

GLOBE,  Bandage  (head)— g.  of  the  Eye,  see 
Eye — g.  Flower,  Cephalanthus  occidcntalis,  Trol- 
lius  laxus. 

GLOBULAIRE  PURGATIVE,  Globularia 
alypuni. 

"GLOBULA'RIA  AL'YPUM,  Glohula'ria, 
ilfuntjiel'lier  Tuihitli,  (F.)  Glohuhtire  pturynlive, 
Tnvhiili  hianc.  Ord.  Globulariae.  The  leaves 
of  this  jilant  are  bitter,  and  have  been  used  in 
interniittents  and  in  constipation.     See  Alypon. 

GLOB'ULE,  Glob'uliis,  Sphm'rion,  SphcB'rulu. 
A  small  globe. 

Globules  of  the  Blood,  Blood  globules, 
Blotxi-corpuscles.  Blood-disks,  Blood-  vesicles, 
Glob'uli  seu  Vesic'ulcB  sou  S/)Jt(B'n(l(e  seu  FoNic'- 
w/i'seu  Corj>ns'cnhi  sou  Cell' nia;  feu  Rarlic'nla  setl 
Gran'nin  san'giiiiiis,  (P.)  Globules  du  sang,  Dis- 
ipies  snnguins,  are  small,  circular  bodies,  which 
are  particularly  observable  when  the  transparent 
parts  of  cold-i)looded  animals  are  examined  by 
the  aid  of  the  microscope;  and  are  met  with  in 
the  blood  of  all  animals.  They  are  circular  in 
the  mammalia,  and  elliptical  in  birds  and  cold- 
blooded animals  ;  are  flat  in  all  animals,  and 
generally  composed  of  a  central  nucleus  enclosed 
in  a  membranous  sac.  Chemically,  they  consist 
of  ha?inatin  and  globulin — hminato-globulin.  The 
chemical  composition  of  the  nucleus,  where  it 
exists, — it  does  not  in  man, — has  been  by  some 
regarded  as  fibrin  ;  by  others,  as  fat  ;  and  by 
others,  again,  as  a  species  of  horn,  to  which  the 
name  nuclei)!  has  been  given. 

Size  of  the  Globules. 

Sir  E.  Home  and  Bauer,  with  j  LlTOOth  part  of 

colouring  matter J  an  inch. 

Eller 1.1930 

Sir  E.  Home  and  Bauer,  with-  )  ,  9000 

out  colouring  matter J 

jUiUer         1.2.S00  to  L.^SnO 

Mandl'..'.'. 1-2025  to  1.3150 


GLOBULE   D'ARANTIUS        42G 


GLOSSO-EPIGLOTTIC 


Ilodgkin,  Lister,  and  Rudolphi,  1.3000 

Sprengel, 1.3000  to  1.3500 

Cavallo 1.3000  lo  1.4000 

Donne 1.3150  to  1.3280 

Jiirin  and  Gulliver 1.3240 

Blumenbach  and  Senac 1.3330 

Tabor 1.3()00 

Milne  Edwards 1.3900 

Wa^Mler 1.4000 

Kater 1.4000  to  1.6000 

Prevost  and  Duinas 1.4056 

Haller,  Wollaston,  and  Weber...  1.5000 
Young 1.6060 

Besides  these,  the  blood  eontains  xcihite  glo- 
hiden,  (F.)  Glohides  blaiicn,  Leucocytes,  which  are 
probably  lymph  and  chyle  corpuscles  in  process 
of  ilovelopment  into  red  corpuscles. 

Dried  blood  globules  of  the  ox  have  been  given 
internally  in  cases  of  anaemia. 

GLOBULE  D'ARANTI US,  see  Sigmoid 
valves — g.  clii  Sang,  Globule  of  the  blood. 

GLOBULES  BLANCS,  see  Globules  of  the 
blood — g.  Ganglion,  see  Neurine  —  g.  Chyle,  see 
Chyle — g.  Lymph,  see  Lymph  —  g.  Milk,  see 
Miik  —  g.  Mucous,  see  Mucus  —  g.  Pus,  sec  Pus 
— g.  Pyoid,  see  Pus. 

GLOBULI  ARTERTARUM  TERMINI,  see 
Acinus  —  g.  Mammillares,  see  Mammillary  emi- 
nence—  g.  Sanguinis,  (Jllobules  of  the  blood  —  g. 
Tartari  martiales,  Ferrum  tartarizatum — g.  Tar- 
tratis  ferri  et  lixiviic,  Ferrum  tartarizatum. 

GLOB'ULIN,  Glol'nlhie,  Blood  ca'iein.  The 
colourless  substance  that  remains  after  the  ab- 
straction of  the  colouring  matter  of  the  blood- 
corpuscle.  It  is  a  peculiar  albuminous  principle. 
The  globulin  of  Berzelius  consists  of  the  enve- 
lopes of  the  blood  globules,  and  of  the  part  of 
their  contents  that  remains  after  the  extraction 
of  the  hamatin.  Lecanu  regards  it  as  iilenli- 
cal  with  albumen;  and,  according  to  Mulder,  it 
belongs  to  the  combinations  of  protein.  Robin 
and  Verdeil  consider  it  to  be  albitminone. 

The  term  globidin  is  likewise  given  by  M. 
Donne  to  small  granulations  appertaining  to  the 
chyle,  which  are  observable  in  the  blood  with  the 
microscope.  They  are  small,  white,  roundish,  iso- 
lated or  irregularly-agglomerated  grains ;  of  about 
the  1-300  of  a  millimetre  in  diameter,  and  are  re- 
garded by  M.  Donne  as  the  first  elements  of  the 
blood  globules.  They  are  the  tuhite  granulated 
corpnscleH  of  Mandl. 

GLOBULISM,  Homoeopathy. 

GLOBULUS  ARANTIL  see  Sigmoid  valves 
—  g.  Nasi,  see  Nasus  —  g.  Sanguineus,  Punctum 
saliens — g.  Stapedius  Ossis,  Os  orbiculare. 

GLOBUS  HYSTERICUS,  Angone— g.  Major, 
see  Epididymis  —  g.  Minor,  see  Epididymis  —  g. 
Martialis,  Ferrum  tartarizatum. 

Globus  Uteri'nits.  A  term  applied  by  accou- 
cheurs to  the  round  tumour,  formed  by  the  uterus 
in  the  lower  part  of  the  abdomen  immediately 
after  delivery. 

GLOMERATE,  Conglomerate. 

GLOM'ERULE,  Glonier'ulus ;  from  glomus,  'a 
clew  of  thread.'  A  ball  or  clew,  formed  by  an 
agtrloraeration  of  vessels;  as  Glomerate  oi  Meil'pi- 
gbi:   see  Corpora  Malpighiana. 

GLOMERULI  RENALES,  Corpora  Malpi- 
gbiana. 

GLOSSA,  Glottn,  'the  tongue.'  The  power  of 
speech.     Speech.     Hence : 

GLOSSAGRA,  Glossalsria. 

GLOSSAL'GIA,  Ghm'agra,  GloltnVgm,  Glott'- 
agrn,  from  yAwffaa,  '  the  tongue,'  and  aAj/oj,  'pain.' 
Pain  in  the  tongue. 

GLOSSANIS'CnUM,  Gloesanoch'eus,  Glossan'- 


ochum,  from  y'Siaaaa,  'tongue,'  and  avtxciv,  'to 
hold  up.'  An  instrument  for  holding  up  tho 
tongue. 

GLOSSANOCIIEUS,  Glo.<!.snnischum. 

GLOSSANOCHUM,  (Jlossanischum. 

GLOSS'ANTllRAX,  /'estls  glonx'unllmir,  (F.) 
Boussole,  from  yXiiiaaa,  '  the  tongue,'  and  ai/Spud 
'a  carbuncle.'  Carbuncle  of  the  Tongue.  A  Ui^- 
ease  more  common  in  cattle  than  in  man. 

GLOSSEFIGLOT'TIC,  Gloxxepiglot'tlms.  Re- 
lating to  the  tongue  and  epiglottis,  as  Ligonn.n'- 
tnm  gl<insep>f/lott' lcu)n. 

GLOSSIANUS,  Lingual  muscle. 

GLOSSI'TIS,  from  yXuiaca,  'the  tongue,'  nnd 
itis,  a  suffix  denoting  inflammation.  GIohkhu'i'iih 
injlannnato'riuK,  Angi'nn  tinguo'ria  sen  lingna'- 
lia,  Injlduinia'tio  Lingna,  lujliininiiition  <•/'  Ihc 
tongue,  (F.)  Intlnmiuullon  de  la  Longite.  VVlu'ii 
confined  to  the  mucous  membrane,  it  is  of  slight 
importance.  That  which  aflects  the  whole  of  tlie 
tongue  is  a  serious  disease,  and  requires  the  vigo- 
rous use  of  antiphlogistics.     It  is  rare. 

GLOSSO,  from  yXwaaa,  '  the  tongue.'  In  com- 
position, relating  or  ajjpertaining  to  the  tongue. 

GLOSSOC'ACE,  from  glonso,  and  kuko;,  'evil.' 
Ulceration  of  the  tongue,  A^ith  symptoms  of  luly- 
namic  fever. 

GLOSSOCARCINO'MA,  Glossoscir'rhuK,  Cur. 
cino'nia  LhigucB,  from  glonso,  and  KajiKiviaiia, 
'  cancer.'     Cancer  of  the  tongue. 

GLOSSOCAT'OCHUS,  Glonsocat'oche,  Cotu- 
(jIos'huui,  from  yXuxrera,  '  the  tongue,'  and  itaT£;^'ai. 
'I  arrest.'  Lingum  Deten'tor,  (F.)  Abiiissinir  lie 
la  Uiugue.  An  instrument,  the  invention  of  which 
is  attributed  to  Paulus  ol  MgmtA,  and  which  wiis 
employed  to  depress  the  tongue,  in  order  to  exa- 
mine diseases  of  the  fauces.  It  was  coiiifioM'd 
of  twobranches ;  one  of  which  had,  at  its  extre- 
mity, a  plate  for  depressing  the  tongue ;  whilst 
the  other,  shaped  like  a  horse-shoe,  w;is  applied 
under  the  chin.  The  finger,  or  the  handle  of  a 
spoon,  or  a  spatula,  is  generally  used  in  siuiihir 
cases.     See  Catagoglossum. 

GLOSSOCE'LE.  from  glos^o,  and  Kv'>^r,,  'hoy- 
nia,'  '  tumour.'  Hernia  of  the  Tongue,  I'nni- 
glox'se,  Prohip'xus  lingnm,  Glonsomegiu'lUH,  Glos- 
sopto'nis.  Projection  of  the  tongue  from  the 
mouth.  It  depends,  generally,  on  an  infliiinma- 
tory  swelling  of  the  organ.  At  times,  however, 
a  chronic  glosnocele,  or  sort  of  anicmiitous  en- 
gorgement, is  met  with  ;  which  proceeds  to  a 
great  length,  and  deforms  the  dental  arches,  the 
lips,  &c.  Inflammatory  glossocele  must  be  com- 
bated by  antiphlogistics.  In  the  oedematoiis 
kind,  such  as  is  sometimes  caused  by  excessive 
salivation,  the  infiltrated  fluid  may  be  pressed 
back  by  the  hand  of  tho  practitioner,  to  get  the 
tongue  behind  the  teeth;  and  it  may  be  kept 
there  by  a  piece  of  gauze  tied  over  the  mouth. 
The  chronic,  elongated  kind  sometimes  requires 
amputation  of  a  portion  of  the  organ. 

GLOSSOCOMA,  Glossospasmus. 

GLOSSOC'OMON,  GloxHoc'omum,  Glosmcnmi'- 
on,  from  glosso,  and  (cofitw,  'to  guiird.'  The  an- 
cients gave  this  name  to  a  small  case  for  holding 
the  tongues  of  their  wind-instruments.  By  ex- 
tension, it  was  applied  to  the  box  or  cr.ndle  in 
which  fractured  limbs  were  kept.  We  find,  in 
the  ancient  writers,  a  Glomtocomon  of  Hippocrates, 
of  Nymphodorus,  Galen,  &c. 

GLOSSODESMUS.  Fraenum  linguae. 

GLOSSO-EPIGLOT'TIC.  Gloxso-epigloti'icuH. 
That  which  belongs  to  the  tongue  and  epiglottis. 
Some  anatomists  have  so  denominate*!  certnin 
fleshy  fibres,  which  pass  from  the  base  of  the 
tongue  towards  the  epiglottis.  These  muscles 
are  more  evident  in  some  of  the  mammalia  than 
in  man ;  and  their  use  seems  to  be, — to  raise  the 


GLOSSOGIIAPIIY 


427 


GLUT.EUS    MAGNUS 


epiglottis,  iiti'l  to  remove  it  farther  from  tlie  glot-  i 
Ms.     S.'intoririi,  who  descrihed   them  after  Eusta- 
chiiis,  calls  them  llctrucio' res  E/>i;/l</t'tiflin. 

Glosso-Eimolot'tic  Ligamk.nt,  Frannm  seu 
Fr(B'iiiilitin  epi'(jlot'ti(.li'ii,  LUjnnieu'tiim  memhrnnti'- 
CKiim,  Vdamen'dim  liiirjuce.  Three  folds  of  mucous 
memhraiic,  which  connect  the  anterior  surface  of 
the  epij^lottis  with  the  root  of  the  ton^^ue. 

GLOSSOG'RAPIIY,  (jl</iio(jra'phia,  from  glo«- 
»o,  an<l  YP'^'Pit  '  '^  description.'  An  anatomical 
description  of  the  tongue. 

(JLOSSO-HYAL.  A  name  given,  by  GenfFroy 
Saint-Ililaire,  to  the  posterior  cornua  of  the  os 
hyoides. 

GLOS.SOL'OGY,  GlosHolorj" in,  {rom  rjlonsn,  and 
Xoyoj,  '  a  treatise,'  '  a  discourse.'  A  treatise  on 
the  tongue.     Nomenclature. 

GIjOS.SOL'YSIS,  GluHHople'(j!n,  PardVijsia  lin- 
gua, P.  Nervi  hi/pngloiei,  from  <jtosso,  and  Autris, 
♦solution.'     Paralysis  of  the  tongue. 

GLOSSOMANTI'A,  Pnxjuo'xi'i  ex  l!ii>/ud,  from 
ghiHHo,  and  navTun,  '  divination.'  Prognosis  from 
the  state  of  the  tongue. 

GLOSSOMECJISTUS,  Glossoeele,  Paraglossa. 

GLOSSON'CUS,  from  tjloHHo,  an<l  oyKoi,  'tu- 
mour.' Exonco'aia  limjucB.  Swelling  of  the 
tungue. 

Gi.ossoNCUs  IvFr.AirArATonins,  Glossitis. 

GLOSSO-PALATIXUS,  Glosso-staphylinus— 
g.  Pharyngeal,  Glosso-phiiryngeus,  Pharyngo- 
glossal — g.  p.  Nerve,  Pliai-^'ngo-glossal  nerve. 

GLOSSO-  PIIARYNtJE'US,  Gh>HHo-j>harrin- 
ge'nl,  from  ij!os>i<>,  and  c/inpryf,  'the  pharynx.'  Be- 
longing to  the  tongue  and  pharynx.  Some  anato- 
mists thus  designate  certain  fleshy  bundles,  which 
arise  from  the  lateral  parts  of  the  base  of  the 
tongue,  and  are  inserted  into  the  parietes  of  the 
pharynx.  They  form  part  of  the  constrictor  pha- 
ryngis  superior. 

GLOSSOPLEGIA,  Glossolvsis. 

GLOSSOPTOSrS,  Glossoeele. 

GLO.SSOSCrRRII US,  Glossocarcinoraa. 

GLOSSOSCOP'IA,  from  gloxsn,  and  aKoirtoj,  'I 
view.'  Inspectiou  of  the  tongue  as  an  index  of 
disease. 

GliOSSOSPAS'MUS,  Glossoco'mn,  Sp'umiis 
llii'yiKB,  from  i/loaso,  and  azaniius,  '  spasm.'  Cramp 
or  spasm  of  the  tongue. 

GLOSSOSPA'TIIA,  Spnt'ula  pro  ore,  from 
glomn,  and  a:radn,  'spatula.'  A  spatula  for  press- 
ing down  the  tongue  to  enable  the  fauces  to  be 
examined. 

GLOSSO-STAPIIYLI'NUS,  from  glonso,  and 
ara'tiuXrj,  '  the  uvula.'  Gloiiopnlati'iina,  Ptila'lo- 
gloHsm,  Constric'tnr  lulhiiii  Fau'cium.  A  small, 
thin,  narrow,  and  long  muscle,  which  arises  from 
the  base  of  the  tongue,  and  is  inserted  at  the  in- 
ferior and  lateral  part  of  the  velum  palati,  in  the 
anterior  pillar  of  which  it  is  situate.  Its  use  is 
to  contract  the  isthmus  fauciuin,  by  depressing 
the  velum  palati,  and  raising  the  base  of  the 
tongue. 

GLOSSOSTERE'SrS,  Lingita  extirpa'tio,  from 
glosKo.  iintl  arifnaiu  'privation.'  Extirpation  of 
the  tongue. 

GLOSSOSTROPH'TA,  from  glonao.  and  (!Tpc<piD, 
'I  turn.'  Doubling  of  the  point  of  the  tongue 
upwards  and  backwards,  — said  to  have  been  a 
mode  of  suicide.  [?] 

GLOSSOT'OMY,  Glonaotom'ln,  from  glosao,  and 
TtjumK,  'to  cut.'  Dissection  of  the  tongue.  Am- 
putation of  the  tongue. 

GLOSSYPERTROPiriA,  from  glnnsn,  and 
'vnip,  'over,'  and  T,n>liuv,  'to  nourish.'  Hyper- 
trophv  or  supcrnutrition  of  the  tongue. 

GLOTTA.  Glossa,  Tongue. 

(JLOTT  VGR  X,  Glossalgia. 

GLOTTALGIA,  Glossalgia. 


GLOTTIS,  yXoDTnf,  ('  the  mouth-piece  of  a 
flute,')  Lig'iila.  A  small  oblong  aperture,  in  the  la- 
rynx, comprised  between  the  c/iurc/m  vocalea.  It  is 
narrow,  anteriorly  ;  wider,  posteriorly;  and  is  ca- 
pable of  being  modified  by  muscular  contraction, 
as  may  be  required  by  the  voice.  It  is  by  the 
chordae  vocales,  that  voice  is  produced.  The 
glottis  is  nearly  an  inch  long  in  the  adult  male : 
less  in  the  female  and  child. 

Glottis  is,  by  some,  used  sj'nonymously  with 
ventricle  of  the  larynx:  with  other.s,  it  includes 
the  whole  of  the  larynx. 

Glotti.s,  Lii's  OF  THK,  Thyreo-ary tenoid  liga- 
ments— g.  Spasm  of  the,  Asthma  thymicum. 

GLOUGLOU  D'UNE  BOUTEILLE,  Gurg- 
ling. 

GLO UTERON,  Arctium  Lappa— jr.  Pe<?<,Xan- 
thium. 

GLOUTIUS,  Gluteal— g.  Maximus  et  extimus, 
Glutaeus  maximus — -g.  Secuudus  et  uiedius,  Giii- 
tajus  medius — g.  Teriius  et  inlimus,  Glutasus  mi- 
nimus. 

G  LOU  TON,  Glutton. 

GLOWWORM,  Cicindela. 

GLUANT,  Glutinous. 

GLUCOGENIA,  Glycogeny. 

GLUCOGENESIS,  Glycogeny. 

GLUCOSE,  Gli/coae,  from  y>.vKvs,  'sweet.' 
Grape,  Fruit,  Sturch,  and  Hmicy  siiyar.  A 
variety  of  sugar,  that  occurs  naturally  in  many 
vegetable  juices,  and  in  honey.  Compared  with 
cane  sugar,  it  is  much  less  soluble  in  water,  and 
less  disposed  to  crystallize;  and,  when  injected 
into  the  blood-vessels,  docs  not  pass  off  to  the 
like  extent  by  the  kidneys.  Diabetic,  U'riuarij, 
and  Hepatic  sugar  appear  to  have  the  same  che- 
mical composition. 

GLUCOSURIA,  Diabetes  mellitus. 

GLUE  BONE,  OsteocoUa. 

GLUE  FISH,  Ichthyocolla. 

GLUMPOT,  Gallii.ot. 

GLUT.TiUS  MAGNUS,  G.  m.njor- g.  Major, 
G.  maximus. 

Glut.«'us  Max'imiis,  G.  major  seu  mngnni, 
Maximus  ct  ex'timns  gloii'tiiin.  (F.)  Muscle  gnnni 
fessicr,  lUo-saero-fe moral ;  Sacro-femoral,  (Ch.), 
from  yXouTOi,  'the  buttock,'  'the  breech.'  Thi.s 
muscle  is  situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  the 
pelvis,  and  at  the  upper  and  posterior  part  of  the 
thigh.  It  is  large,  thick,  and  quadrilateral;  and 
is  attached,  above,  to  the  posterior  part  of  the 
crista  ilii,  to  the  part  of  the  ilium  comprised  be- 
tween the  crista  and  the  upper  curved  line,  to  the 
posterior  surface  of  the  sacrum,  coccyx,  and  great 
sacro-sciatic  ligament:  and  below,  it  terminati'S 
by  a  broad  aponeurosis,  which  is  inserted  into 
the  rugged  surface  that  descends  from  the  tro- 
chanter major  to  the  linea  aspera  of  the  femur. 
This  muscle  extends  the  thigh  on  the  pelvis,  and 
rotates  the  thigh  outwards.  It  is  greatly  con- 
cerned in  station  and  progression. 

GluT/E'us  Me'dius,  Glou'tius  Secnu'diis  et  Me- 
dina, (F.)  Ilio-trochanterien  :  Grand  Ilio-irochoii- 
terien,  (Ch.,)  Moyen  Fessier.  This  muscle  is  si- 
tuate in  part  beneath  the  preceding;  it  is  broad, 
very  thick,  radiated,  and  triangular;  attached, 
above,  to  the  crista  ilii,  and  to  the  part  of  the 
outer  surface  of  that  bone  comprised  between  the 
three  anterior  fourths  of  its  crista,  its  upper 
curved  line,  and  its  lower;  and  below,  it  ends  liy 
a  tendon,  inserted  at  the  upper  edge  of  the  great 
trochanter.  It  is  an  abductor  of  the  thigh;  but 
can  turn  the  thigh  outwards  or  inwards,  accord- 
ing as  its  posterior  or  inferior  fibres  are  thrown 
separately  into  contraction. 

GuTT.E't'S  Min'imits,  G.  minor,  Ter'tins  et 
Tn'timna  Glou'tius,  (F.)  Petit  Fessier ; —  Ilio- 
ischii-trochantirien,  Petit  Ilio-trochauterien  (Ch.) 


GLUTEAL 


428 


GNATIIITIS 


This  muscle,  which  is  situate  beneath  the  preced- 
ing, is  flat,  triangular,  and  with  radiated  fibres. 
It  is  attached,  uhove,  to  the  external  surface  of 
the  OS  ilii,  from  the  inferior  curved  line  to  the 
acetabulum  ;  and,  bc/nw,  is  inserted  into  the  an- 
terior part  of  the  great  trochanter.  It  has  the 
same  uses  as  the  preceding. 
GmitjEI's  MixoK,  G.  minimus. 

GLU'TEAL,  O'luii'tiiis,  O'lnfa-'io.  Same  ety- 
mon. (F.)  Fexsier.  That  which  belongs  or  re- 
lates to  the  nates.  This  name  has  been  given  to 
many  parts  which  compose  the  nates. 

Gluteal  ApoxEuiio'sis.  The  upper  and  back 
jiart  of  the  femoral  fascia.  In  it  is  a  remarkable 
oiiening,  called  the  <jliitecil  arch,  for  the  passage 
of  the  gluteal  vessels  and  nerves. 

Gluteal  Arch,  see  Gluteal  aponeurosis. 

Gluteal  Auterv,  Ponte'rior  Il'iac  Artery, 
(F.)  Artere  fesKi'ere,  is  one  of  the  largest  Iiranehes, 
ot"  the  hypogastric.  It  makes  its  e.xit  from  the 
pelvis  at  the  upper  part  of  the  superior  sciatic 
foramen  ;  gains  the  posterior  part  of  the  pelvis, 
and  divides  into  two  branches;  —  the  one  snper- 
Jicial,  the  other  deep-seated.  The  last  subdivides 
into  three  secondary  branches,  whose  ramifica- 
tions are  distributed  particularly  to  the  GliitcBi', 
Liit\(jiss!muK  Dorsi,  Sacro-lnmbali's,  &c.,  and  anas- 
tomose with  the  sciatic  and  internal  circumflex 
arteries. 

Gluteal  Nerve,  (F.)  ■N'erf  Fensier,  is  a  large 
branch,  furnished  by  the  6th  pair  of  lumbar 
nerves.  It  is  chiefly  distributed  to  the  glutei 
muscles. 

Gluteal  Vein,  (F.)  Veine  fesniere,  follows  the 
same  march  as  the  artery  of  the  same  name. 

GLUTEN,  Gln'tinnm,  Lentor,  'glue,  paste.' 
Vei/'etnbtc  Gluten,  Ve(j"et(tMe  Ga'sein.  An  im- 
mediate principle  of  vegetables.  It  is  soft,  of  a 
grayish  white,  viscid  consistence,  and  very  elastic. 
E.vposed  to  the  air,  it  becomes  hard,  brown,  and 
fragile;  and,  in  moist  air,  putrefies.  Water  and 
alcohol  do  not  dissolve  it.  It  is  soluble  in  vege- 
table, and  in  weak  mineral,  acids,  at  a  high  tem- 
perature. Tlie  farinue,  in  which  it  is  found,  are 
those  preferred  for  the  preparation  of  bread;  on 
account  of  the  property  it  has  of  making  the 
paste  rise.  It  is  a  compound  of  protein,  and 
hence  has  been  ranged  amongst  the  " proteinn- 
eeduH  tilimentary  prindplei"  by  Dr.  Pereira.  By 
washing  wheaten  dough  with  a  stream  of  water, 
the  gum,  sugar,  starch  and  vegetable  albumen 
are  reuioved:  the  ductile,  tenacious,  elastic,  gray 
mass  left  is  the  gluten,  connnon  ijlnten,  Beccaria'a 
(jJnfen.  Pure  glitlen  is  the  soluble  portion  on 
boiling  common  gluten  in  alcohol.  Granvlnfed 
(jliilen,  Gluten  grannie,  is  a  paste  made  by  adding 
wheat  gluten  to  ordinary  wheat.  It  is  said  to 
form  an  agreeable  and  nutritious  aliment. 

Gluten  Auticulohum,  Synovia — g.  Beccaria's, 
see  Gluten  —  g.  Bread,  see  Bread,  gluten — g. 
Common,  see  Gluten — g.  Granulated,  see  Gluten 
— g.  Granule,  see  Gluten — g.  Pure,  see  Gluten. 

GLUTI,  Nates. 

GLUTIA,  Nates,  Quadrigemina  corpora. 

GLIITIN,  see  Gelatin. 

GLUTINANS,  Agglutinant. 

GLVTINATIF,  Agglutinant. 

GLUTINATIO,  Agglutination. 

GLUriNEUX,  Glutinous. 

GLU'TINOUS,  Glutino'ous,  Cnllo'des,  from 
fflnten,  'paste,  glue.'  (F.)  Glutineux,  GInnnt. 
An  epithet  given  to  substances  taken  from  the 
animal  or  vegetable  kingdom,  and  endowed  with 
unusual  viscidity.  The  decoctions  of  marsh- 
mallows,  and  figs,  and  the  jelly  of  hartshorn,  are 
eaid  to  be  glutinous. 

GLUTINUM,  Gluten. 

GLUTI'TIS,  from  ylovToi,  'the   nates,'  and 


it'll,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
nates. 

GLUTOT,  Nates. 

GLUTOPYO'SIS,  from  yXouToi,  'the  nates,' and 
TTvuoBLi,  '  supjjuralion.'     8u|i|)uralion  of  the  nates. 

GLUTTON,  same  etymon  as  the  next.  Gas- 
trimdr'ijns,  Gnathan,  Ilel'lno,  Jfundu,  Gnli>'nHl, 
Lnrco,  Bellygod,  (F.)  Glotitun,  Gourniiind,  Goulou, 
An  excessive  eater. 

GLUT'TONY,  from  (jlniio,  'I  swallow,' (//h^/k*, 
'the  gullet.'  Linio'uis  Hellno'ntini,  Giislrin'mut, 
(F.)  Gourmandise.  Excessive  appetite,  owing 
often  to  habitual  indulgence. 

GLUTTU PATENS,  Stomach. 

GLUTTUS,  (Esophagus. 

GLUTUS,  Trochanter  major. 

GLYCANSIS,  Edulcoration. 

GLYCAS'MA,  from  y'KvKvi.  'sweet.'  A  sweet 
wine,  prepared  from  must. — Linden. 

GLYCERATON,  Glycyrrhiza. 

GLYCERIN,  see  Fat  — g.  Butyrate  of,  seo 
Butter. 

GLYCTPTCROS,  Solanum  dulcamara. 

GLYCISIDE,  Ptconia. 

GLYCOG"ENY,  Glycogen'ia,  Gh/cat/en'eeii, 
GlncDfjen' in,  Glncogen'exin,  (F.)  G/ycnfj^nie,  from 
y^vKVi,  'sweet,'  and  yeveats,  'generation.'  Gene- 
ration or  formatioii  of  sugar,  —  as  in  the  liver. 

(JLYCOSE.  Glucose. 

GLYCYPHYTON,  Glycyrrhiza. 

GLYCYRRHI'ZA,  from  yXvKvs,  'sweet,'  and 
pi^a,  'a  root.'  G.  Glabra  seu  LcFvia,  Li(jiiorit"ia 
Snyth'ica,  Glycera'ton,  GlycypJi'yton,  Adip'sos, 
Alvacna,  Al'imos,  Liq'norice,  Lic'orice,  (F.)  Rf- 
!/linne,  Bais  doux.  Ord.  Leguminosao.  Sex.  Syiit. 
DiadelphiaDecandria.  The  root  of  this  southern 
European  y)lant  is  inodorous  ;  has  a  sweet  taste; 
is  mucilaginous ;  and  leaves,  when  unpeelcd,  a 
degree  of  bitterness  in  the  mouth.  It  is  used  as 
a  demulcent,  and  chiefly  in  catarrh.  The  extract, 
made  from  it  and  sold  in  the  shops,  is  known 
under  the  name  Spaninh  Liquorice  or  Liquorice 
Juice,  (F.)  JiiH  de  Jieylisse. 

Pectoral  Balsam  of  Liquorice — a  quack  prepa- 
ration—  is  said  by  Dr.  Paris  to  consist  chiefly  of 
Paregoric  Elixir,  strongly  impregnated  with  Oil 
of  Aniseed. 

GLYCYRRHCE'A,  from  y\vKvi,  'sweet,'  and 
pita,  '  I  flow.'  A  discharge  of  saccharine  fluid 
from  the  system. 

Glycvhrikea  Urinosa,  Diabetes  mellitus. 

CLYSTER  HERBS,  Herbcs  pro  Enem'nte. 
The  herbs  ordinarily  sold  by  the  English  apothe- 
cary under  this  title,  are:  —  mallow  leaves,  one 
part;  chamomile  flowers,  one  part,  (^iss  to  Oj 
of  water). 

GNAiMPSIS,  Curvature. 

GNAPHALIUM  DIOICUM,  Antennaria  dioi- 
ca — g.  Plantaginifolium  seu  Plantagineum,  Anten- 
naria plantaginifolia. 

Gnaphalium  Margarita'ceum,  Anfenna'ria 
3fargarita'cea,  Cudweed,  Pearly  Life  ererlastin;!, 
from  yvaiiioKov,  'a  lock  of  wool,'  owing  to  the 
floocose  down  of  the  leaves.  An  indigenous  plant, 
growing  in  woods  and  fields,  and  flowering  in  Au- 
gust. Its  virtues  are  not  defined,  and  the  same 
may  be  said  of 

Gnaphalium  PoLYCKPa'ALUM ;  Sweet-scented 
Life  everlasting,  Catfoot.  They  appear  tO  he 
mild  astringents. 

GNATHALGIA,  Neuralgia  maxillaris. 

GNATHANCYLO'SIS,  from  yvado^,  'the  jaw,' 
and  ayKi)>u)(7(s,  'stifi"ness  of  joint.'  Ancylosis  of 
the  lower  jaw. 

GNATIIANTROPOL'YPUS,  from  gnaihan- 
trum,  'the  antrum  of  Highmore,'  and  polypus. 
Polypus  of  the  antrum  of  Highmore. 

GNATIII'TIS,  Inflamma'tio  gence,  from  yvadot, 


GNATIIMUS 


.29 


GOLD 


'the  check,  the  jaw.'    Inflammation  of  the  cheek 
or  upper  jaw. 

ONATHMUS,  Gnathus. 

Gi\ATIIOCEPII'ALUS,  from  yvaOoi,  'the  jaw,' 
and  KuftaXn,  '  head.'  A  monster  which  has  no  head 
visible  externally,  but  exhibits  voluminous  jaws. 
— G.  St.  Ililaire. 

GNATHOCYNANCIIE,  Cynanche  parotidaea. 
GNATKON,  Glutton. 

GNATIIONEUKALGIA,  Neuralgia  maxil- 
Inris. 

GNATH'OPLASTY,  Gnafhopfaa'flce,  from 
yvadoi,  'cheek,'  and  nXaaTiKOf,  'formative.'  The 
foriniition  of  an  artificial  cheek. 

GNATIIOPLE'GIA,  Gi,<,thopara!'ij>iii>,  from 
■yvaOns,  and  rXtjYl,  '  a  stroke.'  Paralysis  of  the 
cheek.  Gnathojxiralijuis  is  employed  by  Fuchs 
to  signify  paralysis  of  the  lesser  portion  of  the 
trifacial  nerve,  which  supplies  the  muscles  of 
mastication. 

GNATIIORRIIAG'TA,  from  yvndos,  and  'priy- 
vvfit,  '  to  burst  forth.'     Hemorrhage  from  the  in- 
terniil  surface  of  the  cheeks. 
GKATIIOSPASMUS,  Trismus. 
(}NATIIUS,   GiKillimus,  from  Kvaiii,  'I  scrape, 
rub.'     The  cheek,  the  Jciw.     Also,  the  part  of  the 
jaws  in  which  the  teeth  are  fixed. — Hippocrates, 
FoeVius.     See  Bucca,  Gena,  and  Maxillary  Bone. 
GNESIOS,  Legitimate. 
GNOME,  Intellect. 

GNOSIS,   yvuiais,    'knowledge.'      A    common 
suffix,  as  in  Diar/;io'«)'«,  Pro^riio'si's,  &c. 
GOACONAX,  see  Toluifera  balsanium. 
OOADBY'S    SOLUTION,    see    Solution, 
Goadby's. 

GOATS'  BEARD,  COMMON,  Tragopogon. 
GOATS' MILK,    see    Milk,    goats'  — g.  Milk, 
artificial,  see  Milk,  goats' — g.  Thorn,  Astragalus 
verus. 

GOB,  Mouth.  ,      ^ 

GOBELET  E^fETrQUE,  Goblet,  emetic. 
GOBLET,  EMET'IC,  Poc'uhim  emel'inm,  Ca- 
Ixx  vomitii'rld,  (F.)  Gobelitt  emeti<ine.  A  vessel, 
made  by  j)ouring  melted  antimony  into  a  mould. 
By  putting  wine  into  this  and  allowing  it  to  stand 
some  time,  it  acquires  the  property  of  producing 
vomiting.  This  kind  of  emetic  has  been  long 
rejected,  as  the  practitioner  could  never  be  certain 
of  the  dose  he  exhil)ited. 

GODESBERG,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  waters,  at  Godesberg,  a  German  mile  from 
Bonn,  are  an  efficacious,  acidulous  cliiilybeate, 
formerly  known  by  the  name,  Draituch  Water. 
They  contain  chloride  of  sodium,  ciirbonate  of 
soda,  carbonate  of  lime,  carbonate  of  magnesia, 
and  carbonate  of  iron. 

GODFREY'S  COR'DTAL.  A  celebrated  nos- 
trum, for  which  Dr.  Paris  has  given  the  following 
formula.  Infuse  ^ix  of  sassaf ran  ntid  of  the  seeds 
of  carrnwn/,  coriaixler,  and  atn'ae,  each  ^'],  in 
six  pints  of  irnter.  Simmer  the  mixture  until  re- 
duced to  Ibiv:  then  add  tbvj  of  trench,  and  boil 
the  whole  for  a  few  minutes.  When  cold,  add 
^^iij  of  tiiirtiire  of  npi'iim.  The  following  form  is 
recommended  by  a  committee  of  t!ie  Philadelphia 
college  of  Pharmacy.  Tiiict.  Opii,  Oiss  ;  Syrupi 
Xifiri,  Oxvj  ;  Aleiihulin,  Oij  ;  A(jiia>.  Oxxvj  ;  Car- 
hnnatia  I'ofansa:,  ^ijss  :  Olei  S)iss«frns,  f^iv,  M. 
It  is  anodvne.    ^ 

GODRONNE,  (CavAT,,)  C»',a'Jh  PeHtin'nns 
Bew  Peti'tl,  Conroiine  cillrilre,  Cannl  de  Pktit  ou 
goiidroiiiif,  Cajial  or  liiil'ltilar  Cannl  of  Petit. 
Petit  gave  this  name  (from  F,)  godron,  'a  plait 
or  fold,')  to  the  semicircular  canal,  formed 
by  the  tunica  hynloidea  around  the  eilge  of  the 
crystalline  :  because  it  appears,  as  it  were,  plaited 
or  fcsloone<l. 

GOGGLE-EYED,  (Prov.)  Grozet.e,/ed.  Hav- 
ing prominent,  staring  and  rolling  eyes. 


GOITRE,  Bronchocele  —  g.  Leaf,  £e«  Lami- 
naria. 

GOITRE  STICKS.  In  South  America  the 
steins  of  a  seaweed  are  so  called,  because  they 
are  chewed  by  the  inhabitants  where  goitre  pre- 
vails.—  Royle. 

GOIT'ROUS,  (F.)  Goitreux.  Relating  or  ap- 
pertaining to  goitre.  One  affected  by  goitre  or 
Bronchocele, —  Goitred. 

GOLD,  An'nim,  Cliri/son,  Sol,  Rex  metnUo'rum, 
(F.)  Or.  (Sax.)  5o1b.  a  solid,  yellow,  very 
brilliant,  hard,  very  ductile,  malleable,  tenacious, 
and  heavy  metal;  found  in  nature,  either  in  its 
native  state,  or  combined  with  a  little  silver,  cop- 


per, or  iron. 


19-25. 


Muriate  or  Chloride  of  Gold,  Aiiri  Chlo'ridinn 
seu  Tervhto' ridnm  seu  Jtfii'rias  seu  Clilorvre'tnu), 
Aurum  Muriat'icum  seu  Chlorn'tvm  seu  Oxydnln'- 
tnm  tnuriat'icKm  seu  Snli'tiim,  (F.)  Chloriire  oil 
Mnrinte  ou  Ih/dro-ehlorate  d'or  has  been  ad- 
mitted into  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United 
States,  and  into  that  of  Paris,  <tc.  The  formula?, 
however,  differ.  That  of  the  United  States  is  ji 
muriate  with  two  bases  ;  and  is  prepared,  accord- 
ing to  the  form  of  Dr.  Chrestien,  by  dissolving 
the  gold  in  a  mixture  of  nitric  and  muriatic  acids, 
and  adding  chloride  of  soilium  to  the  residuum 
after  evaporation  ;  then  redissolving  and  evapo- 
rating slowly  to  dryness.  The  Parisian  formula 
for  the  Muriate  d'or,  Muriaa  seu  Clilonire'tiua 
Anrt,  consists  in  simply  dissolving  the  gold  in 
the  acids,  and  evaporating  to  dryness.  It  has 
been  recommended  as  an  antisyphilitic  in  old,  re- 
bellious, venereal  affections,  exostoses,  and  in  ve- 
nereal, scrofulous  or  cancerous  glandular  enlarge- 
ments. Dose,  gr.  l-8th  to  gr.  ss,  rubbed  on  the 
tongue  or  gums.  Internally,  one-sixteenth  of  a 
grain,  in  pills. 

Various  other  preparations,  as  the  Cy'anide  or 
Tercji'anide,  [Anri  Ci/ini'idnm  seu  Cyaiiiire'tuin 
seu  Tercyan'idnm,  (F.)  Cyatiitre  d'or;)  the  metal- 
lic gold  in  a  state  of  division  {Aiirum  metal'iictim, 
Piilvis  Anri,  (F.)  Or  divini  ou  vietallique,)  ob- 
tained by  amalgamating  gold  with  mercury  and 
driving  the  latter  off  by  heat:  and  in  the  form  of 
filings  {Aurum  limn'tiim)  ;  the  Chloride  of  Gold 
and  Sodium,  (Aurum  murint'icum  natrona'tum 
seu  murint'icum  seu  chlnra'tum  ■tiatro'untum, 
Clilorc'tnm  An'ricnm  Chlore'to  na'trii,  Mu'rinn 
Au'rico-na'tricnm,  Chlorure'tnm  auri  et  nalrii, 
So'dii  anro-terchlo' ridum.  Hydrorhlornte  or  muri- 
ate of  Gold  and  Soda,  (F.)  Chlorure  d'or  et  de 
Sodium,  Ilydrochlorate  ou  vniriate  d'or  et  de 
Sonde)  ;  the  Nitromnrinte  of  Gohl,  (A\(rum  Nitri- 
co-mnrint' ivum,  Auri  nitromu'rian,  (F.)  Nitromn- 
riale  d'or  ;)  the  Oxide  of  Gold,  [Auri  Ox'idum, 
Aurum  Oxida'tum,  Auri  terox'idum,  Perox' ide  of 
gold,  Auric  acid,  (F.)  Oxide  d'or);  and  the '/'i- 
dide  of  Gold,  {Auri  lo'didum  seu  lodure'tum,  (F.) 
lodnre  d'or,)  have  been  employed  in  the  like 
affections,  and  with  similar  results. 

Gold-Bkater's  Skin.  The  intestina  recta  of 
the  ox,  which  have  been  beaten  quite  smooth,  for 
the  manufacture  of  gold  leaf.  Used  as  a  defen- 
sive dressing  for  slight  cuts,  &c. 

Goi.n,  CuLouinK  of.  see  Gold — g.  Cyanide  of, 
see  (toIiI — g.  Ilydrochlorate  of,  see  Gold — g.  Io- 
dide of,  see  Gold — g.  Muriate  of,  see  Gold  —  g. 
Nitro-murinte  of,  see  Gold — g.  Oxide  of,  see  Gold 
— g.  Peroxide  of,  see  Gold — g.  Tercyanide  of.  see 
Gold — g.  and  Sodium.  Chloride  of  oxide  of,  see 
Gold — g.  and  Soda,  Ilydrochlorate  of,  see  Gold — 
g.  and  Soda,  muriate  of,  see  Gold. 

GoLT)  Leaf,  Gold  Foil,  Anrum  folia' turn,  Aurum 
in  lihel'lia.  Used  to  gild  pills  and  to  plug  cari- 
ous teeth.  The  gold  leaf  or  foil,  used  by  the 
dentist  for  filling  teeth,  is  much  thicker  than 
ordinary  gold  leaf 

Gold  Thread,  Coptis. 


GOLDEN    BUG 


430 


GONORRHCEA 


GOLDEN  BUG,  Coccinella  septcinpunctata  — 
jT.  Knop,  Coccinella  septeiupunctata  —  g.  Rod, 
Solidago  virgaurea  —  g.  Rod,  fragrant,  Solidago 
odora  —  g.  Rod,  rigid,  Solidago  rigida  —  g.  Rod, 
sweetscented,  Solidago  odora  —  g.  Seal,  see  Ca- 
lumba,  Hydrastis  Canadensis. 

GOLDENS,  Chrysantheiiunn  leucanthemum. 

GOLDIXG.  Calendula  officinalis. 

GOLDSHRUB,  Palicourea  speciosa. 

OOLDWASSER,  see  Spirit. 

GOLFE,  Sinus  —  r/.  de  la  Veine  jiigulaire,  see 
Jugular  veins. 

GOLUNCHA,  Menispermum  cordifolium. 

GOMBO,  Hibiscus  esculentus. 

GO.U.UE,  Gumma,  Gummi — </.  Arhctgant,  Tra- 
gacanth — g.  Ammoniitqtie,  Ammoniac  gum  —  g. 
Arabique,  Acaeise  guinmi — g.  Astrliigente  dc 
Gambie,  see  Butea  frondosa  —  g.  Cnrogne,  Ca- 
ranna — g.  Oarane,  Caranna  —  g.  Elaatique,  Ca- 
outchouc—  g.  de  Ga'inc,  Guaiacuni — g.  de  Geni- 
vn'ei;  Sandarac — g.  Gettania,  Gutta  Percba — g. 
Gtifte,  Cumhogisi — g.deKiuo,  Kino — g.Lnqne,  Lao- 
cn- -g.de  Lierre,  see  Hedera  heli.\ — g.  du  Pays, 
Gummi  nostras — g.  Serapkiqne,  Sagapenum. 

GOMPHI'ASIS,  GoniphiaH'mm,  from  yoiKpog, 
'a  nail.'  A  disease  of  the  teeth,  and  particularly 
of  the  molares  ;  looseness  of  the  teeth  in  their 
sockets.  Agomphia'sis.  Pain  in  the  teeth. 
Odontalgia. 

GOMPIIIASMUS,  Gomphiasis. 

GOMPHIOL  Molar  teeth. 

GOMPIIOCAR'PUS  CRLSPUS.  A  South 
African  plant,  the  root  of  which,  formerly  known 
to  the  Dutch  apothecaries  as  Radix  Asclepi'adis 
crtKpcB,  is  extremely  bitter  and  acrid  ;  and,  on 
account  of  its  diuretic  virtues,  a  decoction  or  in- 
fusion of  it  has  been  advised  in  various  kinds  of 
dropsy.  A  tincture  of  it  is  said  to  be  valuable 
in  colic. 

GOMPIIOMA,  Gomphosis. 

GOM-PHO'SIS, Card!  uiimPH'tiim.Clava't!o,Gom- 
pho'nia,  Coogineitt(('tlo,  Iiiclavn'tio,  Incnnea'tio, 
fromyo/i^of, 'a  nail.'  Engotiiplio'sis.  An  immova- 
ble articulation,  in  which  one  bone  is  received  into 
another,  like  a  nail  or  peg  into  its  hole.  Gom- 
phosis is  only  met  with  in  the  articulations  of  the 
teeth  with  the  alveoli.  It  is,  also,  called  Articu- 
lation par  iiiplantatioii. 

GOMPHUS,  Clavus. 

GOMUTO  PALM,  see  Toddy. 

GOMUTOS  GOMUTO,  see  Toddy. 

GOXACRASIA,  Spermatorrhoea. 

GOXACRATIA,  Spermatorrhoea. 

GOX'AGRA,  Gon'yagra,  from  y»vv,  'the  knee,' 
and  aypa,  'a  prey.'  "That  which  attacks  the 
knees."  Gout  or  rheumatism  in  the  knees. 
Gougorrheu'iita.     Paracelsus  calls  it  Geii'tigra. 

GONAL'GIA,  from  yow,  'the  knee,'  and  aXyoi, 
'pain.'  Pain  in  the  knee.  Gom/al'gia.  This  is 
almost  always  produced  by  gout.  It  may,  how- 
ever, depend  on  some  other  disease,  either  of  the 
knee  or  of  another  part — particularly  of  the  hip- 
joint. 

GONARTIIRI'TIS,  from  yow,  'the  knee,' 
aiidpoi/,  'joint,'  and  ifis,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflmnmation  of  the  knee-joint. 

GONARTHROCACE,  Gonocace. 

GONAURA,  see  Sperm. 

GONDOLE  OCULAIRE,  Scaphium  oculare. 

GONDRET'S  AMMONIACAL  CAUSTIC, 
PoDimade  de  Goudret — g.  Counter-irritant,  Pom- 
mad}  de  Gondret. 

GONE,  Gonm,  Genitn'ra.  The  semen;  (hence, 
gonorrhoea) — the  uterus,  offspring. — Hippocrates. 
See  Epi_fone,  and  Generation. 

GONECYSTIDE.S.  Vesicul.e  serainales. 

GONECYSTI'TIS,  Tn/lamma'tio  vesirnla'nim 
semina'liiiin,  from  yovrj,  'sperm,'  Kvarti,  'bladder,' 


and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.     Inflammation 
of  the  vesiculjc  scminalos. 

GONEPtEUS.  Sperinatopccus. 
GONEPOETICUS,  Spermatopoeus. 
GONFLE.UBXT,  Swelling. 
GONGRONA,  Bronchocele. 
GONGROPIITniSIS,  Phihisis  pulmonulis. 
GONGYLIDIUM,  Pilula. 
GONGYLION,  Pilula. 
GON(JYLrS,  Pilula. 

GONIOCATH'ETER,  from  ywvia,  'an  angle,' 
and  KadiTnp,  'a  catheter.'  An  angular  or  cruokcd 
catheter. 

GONIOME'LE,  from  yijtvia,  'an  angle,'  and 
liriXri,  'a  probe.'  An  angular  or  crooked  probe  ur 
sound. 

GONIOM'ETER.  Goniom'etnm,  from  yuMn, 
'an  angle.'  and  ficrpov,  'a  measure.'  An  instru- 
ment for  measuring  angles. 

A  'Facial  (Joniomktkh'  has  been  invented  by 
Mr.  Turnpenny,  of  Philadelphia,  which  is  well 
adapted  for  measuring  the  facial  angle. 
GONOBOLIA,  Ejaculation,  spermatic. 
GONOCACE,  Gonarthroc'ace,  from   yow,  'the 
knee,'    and     koko;,    'evil.'       Tnmnr    genu    nlbuti. 
White  swelling  of  the  knee.     Ilydrartlirus. 
GONOCELE,  Spermatocele. 
GONOI'DES,  from  yovn,  'sperm,'  and  ttio^.  'ap- 
pearance.'    Genita'rm  siiji'iiin.     Similar  to  >^perni. 
Sperm'ntnid,  SpermntoU'den,  Spennrdo'den.   A  term 
appropriated  to  any  substance  which  resemliles 
sperm. 

GONOL'OBUS  MACROPHYL'LUS.  (y«r<a, 
'an  angle,'  and  Xojiog,  'a  pod');  indigenous.  A^'it. 
Ord.  Aselepiadace».  The  root  is  cathartic.  It 
is  said  to  furnish  a  juice  with  which  the  Indians 
poison  their  arrows.  [?] 

GONOPOETICUS,  Spermatopoeus. 
GONORRHEE  B A  TAR D E,  Gonorrhoea. 
spuria. 

GONORRHO-BLEPIiARRH(EA,Ophthalmia, 
gonorrhoeal. 

GONORRHO-PROSTATITIS,  see  Prostatitis. 
GONORRHCE'A.       Erroneously    called    fn>m 
yovri,  'sperm,'  and  pcui,  'I  flow,'  because  the  older 
writers  believed  it  to  be  a  flux  of  semen.     Bleu- 
norrliag" ia,   Blennorrhce'a,   B.   urethra'lia,   lilen- 
nnre'thria,  Phallorrhoe'a,  Medorrhce'a,  M.viri'lin, 
Oatar'rhus  gonorrhoe'a  seu  ure'tlirm,  Urethri'tix, 
Inflamma'tio  ure'thres.  Urethral' gia,  Prnjln'rinm 
muco'sum   ttre'thrce,    Catarrhua   urethra'lia,    (F.) 
Ecoulement,    Urethrite,    Uritrite.     An   inflamma- 
tory discharge  of  mucus  from  the  membrane  of 
the  urethra  in  both  se.xes;  and  from  that  of  the 
prepuce  in  man,  and  the  vagina  in  woman.     It 
may   be   excited  spontaneously,   or  by  irritants 
applied  directly  to  the  membrane;  but  is  usually 
produced  by  impure  connexion.     Two  great  va- 
rieties have  been  generally  reckoned. — L  (Jo.nou- 
RHCEA   PuRA   SKU   Benig'na.     That  whi^ch   does 
not  follow  an  impure  connexion;  (P.)  Et-hnnffe- 
ment,     Blennorrhag"ia      benigna,      Canlorrhe'a 
benig'na,    Catar'rhns    Ure'thrtB,    Gonorrhu-'a    cri- 
tarrha'lis  seu  non  contagio'sa :  —  and,  2.  Gonok- 
RHCE  A  Impu'rA,  malig'na,  contagio'sa,  si/philit'ivd, 
et  virulen'tn  ;  Fluor  albus  malig'nus,  Fluxui  ve- 
ne'reus,     Blennorrhce'a      luo'den,     Boptorrhir'a, 
ilijxio'sia,  Lues  gonorrho'ica,   Scroph'ulm  gonor- 
rhd'iccE,  Tuber' cula  gonorrho'ica,  Clap,  (Old  E.) 
Chuicdpya,  (F.)  Chaudepisse;  that  which  is  the 
result  of  impure  commerce.     The  French,  also, 
distinguish  the  Chaudepinne  s^che,  or  that  unac- 
companied with  discharge;  and  the  ChamlipiiH* 
chordee,  Gonnorrhve'a  corda'ta,  or  that  accoin))a- 
nied  with  chordee,  and  which,  of  course,  occurs 
only  in  the  male.     It  ia  the  kind  that  most  fre- 
quently engages  the  attention  of  the  practitioner, 
and  is  characterized  by  mucous  discharge  from 


GONOS 


431 


GOSSVPIUM 


the  urethra,  or  vngina,  intermixed  with  specific 
iiiiilter,  ami  accc)in])anieil  with  burning  pain  on 
inictiirition.  It  is  decidedly  infectious.  It  is, 
liowever,  a  distinct  disease  from  syphilis,  and 
never  produces  it.  Its  duration  is  various,  but 
tlie  inllainuiatory  symptoms  usually  subside  in 
four  or  five  weeks;  leaving  generally  behind 
more  or  less  of  the  gonorrhoea  mucosa  or  gleet, 
(lonorrha-a  of  every  kind,  attended  with  any 
infliunmalory  symptoms,  is  best  treated  by  the 
antiphlogistic  regimen  ;  avoiding  every  kind  of 
irrit:ition,  and  keeping  the  body  cool  by  small 
doses  of  salts,  and  the  urine  <liluted  by  the  mild- 
est Quids.  After  the  inflammatory  symptoms 
have  subsided,  cubebs,  or  the  balsam  of  copaiba, 
exhibited  in  the  dose  of  a  teaspoonful,  throe  times 
u  <lay,  will  be  found  effectual :  indeed,  during  the 
i-.\istence  of  the  inflammatory  symptoms,  it  often 
affords  decided  relief.  Injections  are  rarely  re- 
([uireii. 

Sometimes,  gonorrhoea  affects  the  glans;  when 
it  is  called  Gouorrluea  Sp}('n'(i  seu  Jin/'aiii,  Ba- 
lniiohlen»i>rihiB '  a,  Jinloniiorrhrje  '  a,  linhiii!  '  tin, 
Jiknn(>rrh(i(j"ia  spu'ria  seu  nathn,  (P.)  Blennor- 
rhiKjie  dnijlitnd,  GiiiionhSe  hdtitrde,  Fiikkic  liJvn- 
nnrrlmi/ie.  It  requires  only  cleanliness  and  cool- 
ing lotions.  This  is  the  simple  form  of  balanitis. 
It  may,  however,  be  of  the  impure  kind — lid/a- 
iiiirrhiiij"iii,  (F.)  lialnulte  contiti/ifiixe. 

Some  other  varieties  of  gonorrhciea  have  been 
enutnerated,  but  they  are  of  little  moment. 

In  consequence  of  repeated  attacks  of  gonor- 
rhrea,  or  of  the  debility  induced  by  a  single  at- 
tack, it  not  unfrequently  happens,  as  already  re- 
marked, that  a  constant,  small  discharge  oi^curs, 
or  remains  behind,  after  all  danger  of  infection 
is  removed.  The  great  difference  between  it  and 
gonorrhoea  is,  that  it  is  uninfectious.  The  dis- 
charge consists  of  globular  particles,  contained 
in  a  slimy  mucus,  and  is  generally  devoid  of  that 
yellow  colour  which  characterizes  the  discharge 
of  gonorrhoea  virulenta.  It  is  unattended  with 
pain,  scalding,  Ac.  To  this  state  the  names 
Gleet,  Gi)i)nrrliir'n  miico'mi,  B/iiniorr!i(i''a  chfini'- 
icn,  Blennorrhfe'ii,  &c.,  have  been  given.  It  is 
commonly  a  disease  of  some  duration,  and  de- 
mands the  use  of  the  copaiba,  astringent  injection  ; 
and,  if  obstinate,  the  introduction  of  the  bougie. 

GoxouitiKKA  Bai.ani,  (x.  spuria  —  g.  Benigna, 
Leucorrhoea — g.  Catarrhalis,  see  Gonorrhtaii — g. 
Chonlata,  Chordee  —  g.  Contagiosa,  see  Clonor- 
rhcea. 

GoNORnnffiv  DonstiKN'TiiTir,  G.  Oneimi/'onns. 
The  seminal  discharge  which  occurs  during  sleep, 
and  is  occasioned  by  libidinous  dreams.  See  Pol- 
lution. 

GoNORRHQjA  Impura,  scc  Gonorrhoea. 

GoxonniirEA  Laxo'rum,  G.  /ibidiiKi'ia,  Sper- 
wntonhw'n  atini'lcn,  consists  of  a  pellucid  dis- 
charge from  the  urethra,  whilst  awake,  without 
erection  of  the  penis,  but  with  venereal  thoughts. 

GoxoituucEA  LAXonusr,  Pollution,  (J.  libidinosa 
— g.  Maligna,  see  Gonorrhoea— g.  Mucosa  (gleet), 
see  Gonorrhoea — g.  Noneontagiosa,  G.  pura — g. 
Notha  inveterata,  Leucorrhoea — g.  Oneirogonos, 
(>.  dormientium.  Pollution — g.  Spuria,  see  Go- 
nnrrhiioa  —  g.  Syphilitica,  see  Gonorrhoea  —  g. 
A'cra.  Pollution,  Spcrmatorrlioea  —  g.  Virulenta, 
fee  (xonorrhwa. 

GON'OS.  G.me. 

GONOSTROM.V,  Proligerous  disc. 

GONOZEMIA.  Spermatorrhoea. 

GONfV,  yovv.  Genu,  'the  knee;'  hence: 

GONYAfJRA,  Gonasra. 

GOXYALGIA,  Gonalgia. 

GOXYAN'CON,  Ganycamp'tin,  from  yovv,  'the 
knee,'  and  nyKuv,  'a  curvature.'  A  curvature  or 
bending  of  the  knee.     A  bent  knee. 

GONYCAMPSIS,  Gonyancon. 


GONYC'ROTUS,  from  y..-,  'the  knee,'  and 
KfoTcto,  'I  Strike.'  One  who  is  knock-kneed,  or 
in-kneed.     See  Entogonyancon. 

GONYON'CUS,  from  yovv,  'the  knee,'  and 
oyKOf,  'a  tumour.'     A  swelling  of  the  knee. 

(JONYORRIIEI'MA,  Gonagra. 

GOOD  KING  HENRY,  Chenopodium  bonus 
Ilenricus. 

GOODYE'RA  PUBES'CENS,    Tiiwi'm   reti- 

cnld'ta,  Siityr'iiim,  Nentt'ia,  Jiiitl/eniidke  h"/, 
Rittllcunrtl-e  Plaiitfiiii,  Netimirt,  Netleaf,  iierof'iiffi 
weed,  Odiicer  weed.  Ord.  Orchidacea;.  An  in- 
digenous plant,  used  empirically  in  scrofula — the 
fresh  leaves  being  applied  to  the  sores.  It  is 
employed  by  the  Indians. 

GOOSEI'ERRY',  Kibes  uva  crispa. 

GOOSEFOOT,  Chenopodium  anthelininticuin 
— g.  Angular-leaved,  Chenopodium  bonus  Ilen- 
ricus— g.  Mercury,  Chenopodium  bonus  Ilenricus 
— g.  Stinking,  Clieiioi)odium  vulvaria. 

GOO.SEtJ  K  ASS,  Galium  aparine,  G.  verum. 

G00S*:S1[AKE.  (Jalium  aparine. 

GOOSESKIN,  llorrida  cutis. 

GORBELLY,  Phvscmia. 

GORDIUS  MEDINEiXSIS,  Dracnnculus. 

GORGE,  Ingluvies,  Pharynx,  Throat  —  g. 
GroKHe,  IJronclioeele — fj.  il<il  de,  Cynanche. 

GORGKliET,  G<)ri;et  —  <j.  LItli'otome,  Gorget, 
lithotomy — </.  d  Repininst/ir,  see  (Jorget. 

GORGET,  from  (F.)  ;jorf/e,  'the  throat.'  Ca- 
nii'lln  canaliiiilfi'tiiK,  Diittar  vaiiiih'eii/n'tiis,  (F.) 
Gurijcret.  An  instrument  representing  a  long 
gutter,  in  the  shape  of  a  throat,  which  is  espe- 
cially employed  in  the  operations  of  lithotomy 
and  fistula  in  ano. 

GoRfiKT,  Cutting,  see  Gorget,  and  Lithotomy. 

GORGKT,  Lithot'omv,  (F.)  Gorrjeiet  Lithotiimc, 
CiittiiHj  Gon/rt,  is  the  one  used  in  the  operation 
j  for  the  stone,  for  the  purpose  of  dividing  the 
prostate  and  the  neck  of  the  bladder,  so  as  to 
enable  the  surgeon  to  introduce  the  forceps  and 
extract  the  stone.  At  the  end  of  this  gorget  is  a 
crest  or  beak,  which  fits  the  groove  of  the  staff, 
and  admits  of  the  gorget  being  ])asspd  along  it 
into  the  bladder.  Besides  ciitliii;/,  there  are  also 
blunt  gorgets,  intended  to  be  introduced  into  the 
wound  —  their  conea;vity  serving  iis  a  guide  for 
the  forceps  into  the  bladder. 

The  chief  modifications  in  the  gorget  have  been 
made  by  Andouillef,  Bell,  Blicke,  15romfield,  Cline, 
Pesault,  Foubert,  Hawkins,  Larrey,  Lefdvre,  Mi- 
chaelis.  Thomas,  itc. 

Gorget  foi:  Fistih-a  in  And  consists  of  a 
semi-cylindrical  wooden  staff,  four  inches  long, 
without  including  the  handle,  and  furnished  with 
a  wide  groove.  This  is  introduced  into  the  rec- 
tum, to  prevent  the  point  of  the  bistoury  from 
injuring  the  intestine,  when  the  internal  orifice 
of  the  fistula  is  deeply  situate,  and  it  is  desirable 
to  perform  the  operation  by  incision.  This  in- 
strument, invented  by  Marehettis,  has  been  mo- 
dified by  Percy,  Kunge.  <fec. 

Desault  invented  an  instrument  for  conducting 
the  wire  by  the  anus,  in  the  operation  for  fistula 
by  liirature.      He  called  it  Gorr/eret  a  repoMsoir, 

GORGO'NEI  FOXTES.  Fountains  described 
by  Libavius  as  containing  water  which  possessed 
a  petrifying  property;  probably,  water  holding 
in  solution  supcrcarbonate  of  lime. 

GORGOSSET.  Pvrosis. 

GOSIER,  Pliarvn.x,  Throat. 

GOSSU.AI.  Broncbocele. 

GOSSYP'III.M,  GiiHsyp'iiini  Herha'cenm.  Gog. 
sip'ioii  Xylon,  Xyhini,  liombax,  Cation,  (F.)  Co. 
ton.  F<(i>ii/i/,  Malvaceae.  Sex.  Si/nt.  Monadel- 
phia  Polyandria.  The  seeds  of  the  Cotton  Tier, 
Goioip'ium  nrbor'eiim,  have  been  administered  in 
coughs,  on  account  of  the  mucilage  they  contain, 
and  a  decoction  of  a  pint  of  the  seeds  to  a  quart 


GOTCIIBELLY 


4C2 


GRACILIS 


of  water  ha?  been  given,  in  the  Southern  States, 
in  intcrniittents.  A  decoction  of  tlie  root  has 
been  prescribed  as  an  euinienagogue  and  parturi- 
facient. The  cotton  wool  is  used  in  medicine  for 
making  moxas,  &c.,  and  is  applied  in  the  treat- 
ment of  recent  burns  and  scalds. 

GOTCHBELLY,  Physconia. 

GOTIUM,  Bronchocele. 

GOl'DROX,  see  Pinus  sylvcstris. 

GUUET,  Arum  maculatum. 
*GOUETRE,  Bronchocele. 

GOULARD'S  LOTION,  see  Lotion,  Goulard's. 

Goulard  Water,  Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis 
dilutus. 

GOULU,  Glutton. 

GOUND  OF  THE  EYE,  Channie. 

GOURD,  Cucurbita — g.  Bitter,  Cucumis  colo- 
cynthis — g.  Bottle,  Cucurbita  pepo. 

Godiii)  Worm,  Distoma  hepaticum. 

GOURMANDISE,  Gluttony. 

GOURME,    Porrigo    larvalis.      Vulgarly,    in 
France,  any  cutaneous  eruption. 

GOUSSE,  Legumen. 

GOUT,  Arthri'tis,  Arth'ragra,  ArthraV  gia, 
MovhuK  domiiio'rinv  seu  articiila'n'a,  Mnluin  arti- 
ciilo'rum,  Giitta,  Arthro'sia  Pod'agra,  Podiil'gia, 
Pod'agia,  Arthrit'icus  vcrus,  Arthii'lis  Podiigru, 
Podagva  Arthri'tis,  Flux'io  arthrit'ica,  Febrin 
arthril'ica  seu  Podag'rica,  Arthmdyn'ia,  podag'- 
rica,  Cauma  jxidng'ricnm,  Flerecin,  Gantro- 
arthri'tis,  Minnpta'chos,  (Sc.)  Gnt,  (F.)  Goutte, 
Agrie. — Piorry.  The  gout  was  formerly  regarded 
as  a  catarrh,  and  received  its  name  from  (F.) 
yovtte,  (L.)  gntta,  'a  drop;'  because  it  was  be- 
lieved to  be  produced  by  a  liquid,  which  distilled, 
goutte  a  gniitte,  'drop  by  drop,'  on  the  diseased 
part.  This  name,  which  seems  to  have  been  first 
used  about  the  year  1270,  has  been  admitted  into 
the  different  languages  of  Europe.  Gout  is  an 
inflammation  of  the  fibrous  and  ligamentous  parts 
of  the  joints.  It  almost  always  attacks,  first,  the 
great  toe;  whence  it  passes  to  the  other  smaller 
joints,  after  having  produced,  or  been  attended 
■with,  various  sympathetic  phenomena,  particula,rly 
in  the  digestive  organs:  after  this,  it  may  attack 
the  greater  articulations.  It  is  an  affection  which 
is  extremely  fugitive,  and  variable  in  its  recur- 
rence. It  may  be  acquired  or  hereditary.  In 
the  former  case,  it  rarely  appears  before  the  age 
of  thirty-five;  in  the  latter,  it  is  frequently  ob- 
served earlier.  It  is  often  difficult  to  distinguish 
it  from  rheumatism.  A  combination  is,  indeed, 
supposed  to  exist  sometimes;  hence  called  Rheu- 
matic gout.  During  the  paroxysm  or  fit,  a  burn- 
ing, lancinating  pain  is  experienced  in  the  affected 
joint,  attended  with  tumefaction,  tension,  and 
redness.  One  or  more  joints  may  be  attacked, 
either  at  the  same  time  or  in  succession;  and,  in 
either  case,  the  attack  terminates  by  resolution 
in  a  few  days.  This  is  the  Arthri'tis  ncit'ta  seu 
inflnmuintn'rin  seu  regnla' ris,  Regular  g<»it,  Arth- 
ro'sia pod'agra  regnla'ris,  Arth'ragra  legit'ima 
seu  vera  seu  genni'na  seu  noniia'lis,  (F.)  Goutte 
regidiere  chaude.  At  other  times,  pains  in  the 
joints  exist,  of  more  or  less  acute  character ;  the 
swelling  being  without  redness.  These  pains 
persist,  augment,  and  diminish  irregularly,  with- 
out exhibiting  intermission,  and,  consequently, 
without  having  distinct  paroxysms.  The  disease 
is  then  called  aton'ic,  nsthe)i'ic,  imperfect  or  ir- 
regular gout,  Chronic  G.,  Arthri'tis  aton'ica  seu 
asthen'ica,  Arthro'sia  Podagra  Inrva'ta,  Di/sar- 
ihri'tis.     It  is,  also,  commonly  called  in  France 

Govtte  froide,   Goutte   b/auche.     It   may   appear 
primarily,  or  succeed  attacks  of  regular  gout. 

Gout  does  not  always  confine  itself  to  the  joints. 
It  may  attack  the  internal  organs :  when  it  is 
called  Arthritis  aher'rnns  seu  errat'ica  seu  pla- 
net'ica,  Arth'ragra  aiiom'ala,  Pod'agra  aber'raiis, 


Vnre'iit,  Wandering,  misplaced,  or  anomalous  gout, 
(F.)   Goutte  vague. 

Ret' rograde  gout,  Arthritis  retrog'rada,  Poda- 
gra retrog'rada,  Arthro'sia  Podagra  comjilica'ta, 
Rece'dent  or  misjila'ced  gout,  (F.)  Goutte  renaintfe, 
G.  malplacee,  G.  renlree,  is  when  it  leaves  tlio 
joints  suddenly  and  attacks  some  internal  organ, 
as  the  stomach,  intestines,  lungs,  brain,  &v. 

Gout  is  also  called,  according  to  the  part  it 
may  affect,  J'odagra,  (lonagra,  Chiragra,  Ac, 
It  may  be  acute  or  chronic,  and  may  give  rise  to 
concretions,  which  are  chiefly  conipo.«ed  of  urnio 
of  soda.  See  Calculus,  (arthritic.)  It  may,  iilyo, 
give  occasion  to  nodosities,  when  it  is  called  Ar- 
thritis nodo'sa,  (F. )  Gontle  uourc. 

The  treatment  is  of  the  antiphlogistic  kinti, 
and  the  local  disor<ler  should  be  but  little  inti'r- 
fered  with.  Colchicum  seems  to  have  great  power 
over  the  disease.  It  forms  the  basis  of  the  /vin 
niediciiiale  d'Hussnn,  n  celebrated  French  gout- 
remedy.  The  bowels  must  be  kept  regular  by 
rhubarb  and  magnesia;  and  a  recurrence  of  the 
disease  be  preventeil  by  abstemious  habits. 
Gout,  Diaphragmatic,  Angina  pectoris. 
Gout  Papkh,  so  called,  Charta  antiurlhrit'ica, 
Charta  aniirheumat'ica,  is  made  by  sprciuling  a 
very  thin  layer  of  a  mixture  of  an  ethereal  or 
spirituous  extract  of  the  bark  of  mezereon  root, 
with  wax,  spermaceti,  and  oil,  over  the  surfacp 
of  paper. 

Gout,  Rheumatic,  see  Rheumatism,  acute — g. 
Weed,  Ligusticum  poilagraria. 
Gout  Stonks,  Calculi,  arthritic. 
GOUT,  Taste. 

GOUTTE,  Gout,  GuiU  —  g.  Bhincho,  Gont 
(atonic) — g.  Caduque,  Epilepsy — g.  Froide,  Gout 
(atonic)  —  g.  Malplacee,  Gout  (retrograde)  —  g. 
Nonee,  Gout  (with  nodosities)  —  g.  Rfgnliire 
chaude.  Gout  (regular) — g.  Remonlce,  Gout  (re- 
trograde)— g.  Rentree,  Gout  (retrograde) — g.  Rose, 
Gutta  rosea — g.  Sciatlf/ne,  Neuralgia  fenioro-pop- 
litiBa  —  g.  Sereiiie,  Amaurosis — y.  Vague,  Goiit 
(wandering.) 

GOUTTEUX.  Arthritic,  Podagric. 
GOUTTIERE  (F.),  CoUic"ia:.  A  gutter  in  a 
bone,  like  that  used  for  carrying  off  rain.  Soido 
of  these  cavities  are  intended  to  facilitate  the 
sliding  of  tendons,  such  as  the  Gouttiere  Jliripi- 
t(de  or  Bicip'ital  groove.  Others,  as  the  Gout- 
tiere^agiltale  or  Sagittal  groove,  lodge  blooil- 
vcssels  and  especially  veins.  Others,  again,  are 
merely  intended  for  the  support  of  certain  org.an.-' ; 
as  the  Gouttiere  basilairc  or  Bas' i la ri/ fossa,  which 
supports  the  medulla  oblongata. 

GOUTTIERE  BASILAIRE,  see  Gouttilre— 
g.  Bicipitale,  Bicipital  groove  —  g.  Lacrymnle, 
Lachrymal  groove  —  g.  Sacri,  Sacral  groove  — 
g.  Sagittale,  see  Gouttiere. 

GOUTY,  Arthritic,  Podagric— g.  Rheumatism, 
see  Rheumatism,  acute. 

GOUVERNAIL  DU  TESTICULE,  Gubcr- 
naciilum  testis. 

GOWAN,  EWE,  Bellis  — g.  Yellow,  Ranun- 
culus. 

GOAVLAND'S  LOTION,  see  Lotion,  Gow- 
land's. 

GOWN,  RED,  Strophulus— g.  Yellow,  Icterus 
infantum. 

GOWNDE  OF  TIIR  EYE,  Chassie. 
GRACE-WIFE,  Midwife. 
GRACILARIA  LICHENOIDES,  Fueus  amy- 
laccus. 

GRACILIS,  Macer,  Macilen'tus.  Slender, 
lean.  Also,  the  slender  Rectus  iute'rior  fem'orts 
seu  Grac"illsiutfirior,  (F.)  Sous-puhio-creti  lihiid. 
Sons  pubio-pretibial  (Ch.),  Dn,it  ou  grete  intern', 
de  la  cuisse.  This  muscle  is  situate  at  the  inside 
of  the   thigh.     It  is   thin    and   very  long;   uud 


GRADUATE 


433 


GRAPHITES 


oriscs  from  the  descending  ramu?  of  the  pubis, 
to  be  inserted  at  the  inner  and  inferior  part  of 
the  tuberosity  of  the  tibia.  It  bends  the  leg  and 
causes  abduction  of  tlie  thigh.  See  Grite. 
(jiiAcii.is  Antkrioh,  Rectus  femoris. 
(jHAl)'L''ATE,  Oradua'tiiH,  from  (jrailna,  *a 
gtej),'  '  a  degree.'  In  medicine,  one  who  has  at- 
tain\d  a  degree, — usually,  the  degree  of  doctor. 

(JlliEA,  yiiaia.  The  pellicle  which  forms  on 
milk.  The  folds  of  skin  round  the  umbilicus. 
An  old  woman. 

GRAIN,  Grminm  ;  the  60th  part  of  a  Troy, 
and  the  72<1  part  of  a  Folda  de.  lunrc  drachm. 

(jiiAiN  Oil,  Oil,  fusel  —  g.  Oily,  Scsamum  ori- 
eutiile. 

GJiAfNE  D' ASPIC,  see  Phalaris  Canariensis 
— g.  d'Kcnrlnte,  Coccus  cacti — g.  Mh»c,  Hibiscus 
nbelmoschus  —  g.  de  Paradin,  Amomum  granum 
paradisi — g.  de  Per  roquet,  Carthamus  tinctorius 
(seed)  —  g.  dc  Sante,  see  Pilulae  aloes  ct  kinae 
JiiniP — rf,  de  Titrqiiie,  Zea  mays. 

OKAINS,  GUINEA,  sec  Pepper,  Malagueta. 
GitAiNS  OP  Parauise,  Amomum  granum  Para- 
disi. 

GRAISSE,  Pinguedo  —  g.  de  Moufon,  Sevum 
—  g.  d'Oie,  Adeps  anscrina  —  g.  O.cygenee,  Un- 
guentura  acidi  nitrosi — g.  de  Pore,  Adeps  prae- 
paratus. 

GRAMEN  iEGYPTIACUM,  G.  Crucis  cype- 
rioidis — g.  Caninum,  Triticum  repens. 

GiiAMKN  Cni;ci.s  Cyi-EUioi'Dis,  Gramen  ^gi/p'- 
tidcnm,  yKgijp'tian  Cock's  foot  grans.  Ord.  (ira- 
Tninea;.  The  roots  and  plants  possess  the  virtues 
of  the  Triticum  repeus,  and  have  been  recom- 
mended in  the  earlier  stages  of  dropsy.  They 
were,  formerly,  considered  to  possess  many  other 
properties. 

Gramhn  Dioscoridis,  Triticum  repens — g.  Ma- 
jor, Sarsnparilla  (Jermanica — g.  Orientalc,  Juncus 
odoriitiis  —  g.  Repens,  Triticum  repens  —  g.  llu- 
brum.  Sarfiipariila  (iennaniea. 
GRAM  [A,  (UfASSf/'J,  hippitudo. 
GRAMIX  l\''Oii()[JS,Gr(iiHiiiii>'oriis,  from  gra- 
nicH,  'grass,'  and  coro,  'I  eat.'  Feeding  or  sub- 
sisting on  grass. 

GRAMMARIUM,  Scruple. 
GRAM.MK,  ypaiiixij.  An  ancient  weight,  equi- 
valent to  the  21th  part  of  an  ounce,  or  to  24 
grains,  or  a  scruple,  avoirdupois.  At  the  present 
day,  the  gramme  is  equal  in  weight  to  a  cubed 
centimi)tre  of  water;  or  to  18  grains,  poids  de 
marc — IJ.l.'U  grains,  Troy. 
GiiAMMK,  Iris,  Line. 

GRAMMITIS  AUREA,  Asplenium  cotcrach— 
g.  Ccteraeh,  Asplenium  ceterach. 

GRANA,  Ilemierania — g.  Guineensia,  Pepper, 
lualagueta — g.  Molucca,  Croton  tiglium — g.  Mos- 
clii,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus  —  g.  Orientis,  see  Me- 
nisperMuim  cocculus — g.  Paradisi,  Amomum  gra- 
num Paradisi — g.  Tiglii  seu  Tiglia,  see  Croton 
tiglium — g.  Tilii,  Croton  tiglium — g.  Triticea,  see 
llyoides  OS. 

GRAXADILLA,  APPLE-SHAPED,  Passiflo- 
ra  raaliformis. 

GRAXATI  RADICIS  CORTEX,  see  Punica 
granatum. 

GRAXD  DORSAL,  Lntissiraus  dorsi. 
GRANDEB'ALJE.     The  hair  which  grows  in 
the  arm-pits. 
GKANIXJORE,  Svphilis. 
GRAXDINOSUM  OS,  Cuboid. 
GRANDO.  Ohalaza. 
GRANDI'LA,  Gland. 

GRAXIV'OROUS.  Gmiuv'orus,  from  granum, 
'a  grain.'  and  voro,  'I  eat.'     Feeding  or  subsist- 
ing on  grain  or  seeds. 
GRAXI-RISTUM.  Anthrax. 
GRAXULA    SANGUINIS,    Globules   of    the 
blood — 'X.  Scniinis,  see  Sperm. 
28 


GRAX'ULAR,  Gran'tilous,  Granulo'sns.  (F.) 
Granule,  Grnnuleux,  from  grnniihim,  'a  small 
grain.'  Composed  of  or  containing  granules  or 
small  particles, — as  'granidar  eyelid,'  'membrana 
grnniilosfi,'  &c.,  &C. 

Granular  Degeneration  or  Disorganization 
OF  THE  Kidney,  Kidney,  Bright's  disease  of  tlie 
— g.  Conjunctiva,  Trachoma — g.  Eyelid,  Tracho- 
ma—  g.  Layer,  Membrana  granulosa  —  g.  Liver, 
Cirrhosis — g.  Tin,  see  Tin. 

GRANULATED  LIVER,  Cirrhosis. 

GRANULA'TION,  Granula'tio,  from  granum, 
'a  grain.'  Gemma,  (F.)  Bourgeon,  B.  charnu. 
Granulations  are  the  reddish,  conical,  flesh-like 
shoots,  which  form  at  the  surface  of  suppurating 
wounds  and  ulcers.  They  are  the  product  of  in- 
flammatory excitement,  and  may  be  produced 
in  indolent  ulcers,  by  exciting  the  parts  by  pro- 
per stimulants.  They  form  the  basis  of  the  ci- 
catrix. 

Granulation  is,  likewise,  a  name  given  l)y 
the  modern  French  physicians  to  an  organic 
lesion,  consisting  in  the  formation  of  small,  round, 
firm,  shining,  semi-transparent  tumours,  of  the 
size  and  shape  of  millet-seed,  or  of  a  pea;  which 
are  met  with  in  the  lungs  particularly,  and  in 
considerable  quantity ;  often  without  materially 
interfering  with  their  functions. 

In  pharmacy,  grannlotion  is  a  process  by  which 
a  metal  is  reduced  to  fine  grains,  by  melting  it, 
and  causing  it,  whilst  liquid,  to  pass  through  a 
kind  of  sieve  into  a  vessel  of  water,  —  as  in  the 
making  of  shot: — or  by  shaking  or  rubbing  the 
melted  metal  in  an  appropriate  box  or  vessel, — 
as  in  the  formation  of  granular  tin  or  granulated 
zinc.  ^ 

GRANULATIONS  C^REBRALES,  Glan- 
dulae  Pacehioni. 

Granula'tions  Mil'iary,  or  Miliary  tu'ber- 
cJes,  are  the  small,  transparent  grains,  of  varia- 
ble size,  from  that  of  a  millet-seed  to  that  of  a 
grain  of  hemp,  which  are  presumed  to  be  the 
primitive  state  of  tubercles. 

GRAN'ULB,  Gran'idum  ;  diminutive  of  gra- 
num, 'a  grain.'  A  small  grain;  a  small  compact 
particle ;  a  cytoblast. 

Gran'ules  Sem'inal,  Gran'ula  sem'inis.  Mi- 
nute, rounded,  granulated  bodies,  observable  in 
the  semen,  which  are,  in  all  cases,  much  less 
numerous  than  the  spermatozoids.     See  Sperm. 

GRANITLEUX,  Granular. 

GRANULOUS,  Granular. 

GRANVILLE'S  LOTION,  see  Lotion,  Gran- 
ville's counter-irritant. 

GRAPE,  see  Vitis  vinifera — g.  Sea-side,  see 
Kino. 

Grape-Cure,  (F.)  Cure  du  raisin,  (G.)  Trau- 
benkur,  Wein  trau.  A  mode  of  medication  in 
GeriTiany,  which  consists  in  the  use  of  the  grape 
for  both  meat  and  drink  ;  nothing  more  at  the 
farthest  being  allowed  than  a  piece  of  dry  bread. 
This  diet  is  continued  for  weeks.  Its  effects  are 
altogether  revellent,  and  resemble  ia  many  re- 
spects those  of  hydropathy. 

Grapes,  Dried,  Uvee  passse. 

GRAPHIDOIDES,  Styloid. 

GRAPHIODES,  Styloid. 

GRAPHIOiDES,  Styloid. 

GRAPIIIS'CUS,  GrapTiis'cus  Di'odis.  An  in- 
strument invented  by  Diodes  for  extracting 
darts  [?].  Said,  in  many  of  the  Dictionaries,  but 
erroneously,  to  be  described  by  Celsus.  Ho 
speaks  only  of  the  Cyathis'cus  Di'odis,  Aioxilttov 
Kva9i<TKov.     See  Cyathiscus. 

GRAPIII'TES,  Plumhn'go,  Superearhure'tum 
seu  Varhurc'inm  Ferri,  Ferri  Cnrbona'tinn  sen 
Sajycrcarhnre'tum,  Carbo  minera'lis,  Ga/ene'n, 
Gd/c'ne,  Plumbum  nigrum,  Ceruss'a  nigra,  Gra. 
jphite,  Car' buret  of  iron,  Blade  lead,   Wud,  (E.) 


GRAPIIOIDES 


484 


GRf:LE 


Crnynn  mnir,  Plomhar/iiie,  Chnrbon  minora},  Cur- 
hnre  ile  ft-r,  from  ypa<pii),  'I  write'  This  sub- 
stnnee  has  been  esteeined  slifjhtly  ii.«trin<rent  and 
rtciiiecative.  It  has  been  advised  by  Weinhold 
in  the  rure  of  herpes. 

GRAPHOiDES,  Styloid. 

(JtlAPHOSPASMUS,  Cramp,  writers'. 

aiiAS  DES  CADAVIiES,  Adipocire  — .7.  de 
JiDiibe,  Siira — g.  dee  Cimetieres,  Adipocire — y.  de 
Jamfie,  Sura. 

Gil  AS  FONDURE  (F.),  Dlnrrhce'a  ndipo'an, 
literally,  molten  grerife.  A  species  of  diarrhoea, 
referred  to  by  old  writers;  accompanied  with  f;reat 
emiiciation.  and  in  which  the  evacuations  contain 
fiit-like  msitter.  Accordinjij  to  Sauvages,  the  Gras- 
foiidiire  differs  from  colliquative  diarrhoea  in  not 
ijeins  attended  with  hectic  fever. 

GRASS,  Asparagns — g.  Bear's,  Yucca  filnmen- 
tosa — g.  Rennuda,  Cynodon  dactylon — g.  Bitter, 
Alctris  farinosa  —  g.  Blue-eyed,  Sisyrinchiura 
Bermudianuiu  —  g.  Brouie,  Bromus  ciliatus  —  g. 
Brome.  soft,  Bromus  ciliatus  —  g.  Canary,  culti- 
vated, Phalaris  Canariensis — g.  Couch,  Triticum 
repens  —  g.  Dog,  Triticum  repens  —  g.  Egyptian 
cock's  foot,  Graraen  crucis  cyperio'ides — g.  (xoat's, 
Scorzonera  —  g.  Knot,  Polygonum  aviculare  —  g. 
Lily,  Sisyrinchium  Bermudianum. 

(jUAss  Oil  of  Nrmaur,  Oleum  graniinis  Tndici. 

Grass,  Physic,  Sisyrinchium  Bermudianum — 
fj.  Rib,  Plantago  lanceolata — g.  Scurvy,  Sisyrin- 
chium Bermudianum — g.  Silk,  Yucca  filameutosa 
— g.  Sweet,  Acorus  Calamus. 

Grass  Tree,  Xanthorrhoea. 

Grass,  Vipers',  Scorzonera — g.  Yellow-eyed, 
Xvris  bulbosa. 

'GRASSET  (F.).  Th«  anterior  region  of  the 
thiirh,  bounded  1)p1ow  by  the  patella. 

(SRASSEYE.UENT  {¥.),  Somis  blmws,  Rota- 
cin'miis,  from  (¥.)  (/ran,  'thick.'  ' Speaking  thick.' 
According  to  Sauvages,  a  vicious  pronunciation 
of  tlie  letter  r.  They  who  speak  thick,  like  the 
inhabitants  of  Newcastle,  in  England,  or  of  Havre, 
in  Fi-ance.  have  difficulty  in  pronouncing  the  r, 
and  they  frequently  substitute  for  it  the  letter  I ; 
but  this  does  not  properly  constitute  GrnnHeye- 
vicnt.  It  consists  in  this:  that,  in  words  in 
which  the  letter  r  is  joined  to  another  consonant, 
a  sort  of  htrrriii'i  or  guttural  rolling  is  heard, 
nearly  like  that  produced  by  gargling.  See  llo- 
tocism. 

GRASUS,  Cinabra. 

GRATELLE.  Psoriasis. 

GRATIA  DEI,  Gratiola  ofRoinalis. 

GRATIOLACENTAURIOiDES.G.ofiRcin.alis. 

Gratio'la  Officina'lis,  Digit't'lis  jin'n'inifi, 
Gra'tiri  De),  Gratio/n  Ceiildiin'o'i'des,  Hedije  hr/D- 
sop.  Herb  iif  Grace,  from  yrcttin,  'grace  or  favour,' 
(jwing  to  it.s  presumed  excellent  medical  virtues. 
It  is  a  native  of  the  south  of  Europe  (F.) 
G nitiole,  Spiie  den  pren,  Petite  dirjitale,  Herbe  an 
jiaiivre  honinie.  The  plant  is  inodorous;  taste 
Strong,  bitter,  nauseous.  It  is  possessed  of  an- 
thelmintic, purgative,  emetic,  and  diuretic  pro- 
perties.    Dose,  ten  grains. 

GRA  TIOLE.  Gratiola  ofBcinalis. 

GRA  TTERON,  Galium  sparine. 

GRA  TTOIR.  Raspatorium. 

GRAVATfF.  Heavy. 

GRAVp].  Serious — g.  Plant,  Datura  sangninea. 

(tRAVEDO,  Catarrh,  Coryza — g.  Neonatorum, 
Snuffles. 

GRAVEL,  Lith'ia  renn'Jis  nreno'sa,  Lrthi'nain 
iiephn't'iea  sen  renn'lia,  (F.)  Gravelle.  A  disease 
occasioned  by  small  concretions,  similar  to  sand 
or  gravel,  Gla'reri,  (F.)  Gmvier,  which  form  in 
the  kidneys,  pass  along  the  ureters  to  the  bliid- 
der,  and  are  expelled  with  tlie  urine.  These  con- 
cretions, which  are  commonly  composed  of  uric 
acid  and  an  animal  matter,  are  deposited  at  the 


bottom  of  the  vessel,  immcdiatclj'  after  the  excre- 
tion of  the  urine  ;  and,  by  their  hfinlncss  and 
resistance  under  the  finger,  differ  considiTably 
from  the  ordinary  sediment  of  that  licpiid.  A 
vegetable  diet  and  alkaline  drinks  are  the  best 
prophylactics.  See  Calculi,  urinary.  A  ft  of 
the  Gravel,  Nephral'yia  calcnhi'iia  sen  areiio'na, 
Cn'liea  nephrit' lea,  is  the  excruciating  sulftTiii" 
induced  by  the  passage  of  gravel  from  tlie  kidney 
to  the  bladder.  It  can  only  be  relieved  by  ana'3- 
thetics,  opiates,  the  warm  batli,  &c. 

When  the  deposit  is  in  fine  particles,  it  is 
termed  Sand,  Are'iia,  Are'uula,  Psuitt'uKi,  Psam- 
mtis. 

Gravel  Grass,  Galium  verum. 

Gravel,  Pileoi's  or  Hairy,  (F.)  Grmelle  pi. 
leitne.  A  species  of  gravel  containing  hairs,  phos- 
phate of  lime,  ammoniaco-magnesiun  phus)jliate, 
and  a  little  uric  acid.  —  .Magcndie. 

Graviol  Plant,  Epigosa  repens — g.  Root,  Eu- 
patoriuin  purpureum. 

GRA  VELEFX,  Calculous. 

GRAVELLE,  Chalaza,  Gravel  — (/.  Pileuse, 
Gravel,  pileous. 

GRAVEOLENS,  Fetid. 

GRAVID,  Pregnant. 

GRAV'IDIN  ;  from  gravidas,  'pregnant,' 
graviii,  'heavy.'  A  sediment  in  the  urine  of 
pregnant  women,  which  by  its  dccoinjKJsition 
gives  rise  to  the  pellicle  kyestein.  It  diflers  from 
albumen,  casein  and  gelatin. — Stark. 

(5RAVIDITAS,  Fecundation,  Pregniincy  — g. 
Abdominalis,  Pregnancy,  abdominal  —  g.  Extra- 
uterina,  see  Pregnancy — g.  Extra-uterina  in  Ova- 
rio.  Pregnancy,  ov.arian — g.  Extra-uterina  Se- 
cundaria, Metacyesis  —  g.  Interslitialis,  Preg- 
nancy, interstitial — g.  Molaris,  Mole — g.  Ovarii, 
Pregnancy,  ovarian — g.  Spuria,  Pregnancy,  fal.sa 
— g.  Tubaria,  Pregnancy,  tubal,  Saljiiiigo-cyesis 
— g.  Uteri  substantia.  Pregnane}',  interstitial — g. 
Uterina,  Pregnancy. 

GRAVIER,  (travel. 

GRAVIMETER,  Areometer. 

GRAVIS,  Heavy. 

GRAVITY,  SPECIF'IC,  Gravitan  speeif'icn, 
(F.)  Pesanteur  specijjque.  The  relation  between 
the  weight  of  a  body  and  its  bulk  :  thus,  sup- 
jiosing  four  bodies  to  be  of  the  same  size,  but  to 
weigh,  one  four,  another  three,  another  two,  and 
the  fourth  one;  the  specific  gravity  of  the  first 
will  be  four  times  greater  than  that  of  the  last. 
The  specific  gravities  of  different  bodies  arc, 
therefore,  as  the  weights,  bulk  for  bulk.  For 
solids,  and  liquids,  water  is  taken  as  the  unit; 
atmospheric  air  for  the  gases.  Thus,  water  is 
1.000;  mercury,  at  the  common  temperature, 
13.68.  AVhence,  we  conclude  mercury  is  between 
thirteen  and  fourteen  times  heavier  than  water. 

GRAYHAIRED,  see  Poliosis. 

GRAY  MATTER  OF  THE  BRAIN,  Cortex 
cerebri,  see  Neurine. 

GREASE,  from  (F.)  Graiine,  'fat.'  A  specific 
inflammation,  affecting  the  skin  of  the  heels  of 
the  horse,  which  is  especially  interesting  from 
the  circumstance,  that  the  matter,  if  inserted 
under  the  cuticle  of  an  unprotected  individual, 
may  give  rise  to  an  affection — grenae-pm,  rnri'- 
(ilcp  equi'iKF. — which  preserves  the  person  from 
small-pos.  [?] 

Grease,  Barrow's,  Adeps  suillus  —  g.  Goose, 
Adeps  anserinus — g.  Molten,  Grna-foiidnre. 

Grease  Pox.  see  Grease. 

GREENIIEART,  see  Bebeeru. 

GREENHOW'S  TINCTURE  FOR  THE 
TEETH,  Spiritus  armoraciae  compositus. 

GREEN  SICKNESS,  Chlorosis. 

GREENWEED,  Genista  tinctora. 

GRELE{f.),  Grac"ilis,  'long and  thin.'   Thii 


grSle 


43. 


GRYPHIUS    PES 


epithet  is  given  by  the  French  to  various  parts, 
U!i  the 

Apaphyae  GrSle  dn  Marteait,  the  slender  apoph'- 
ynid  or  process  of  the  mal'leus.  A  long  process 
hiiuate  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  neck  of  the 
malleus,  which  passes  out  by  the  fissure  of  Gla- 
BL-riua.  It  is  also  called  the  Apnphij'iiis  of  Jiau, 
iiUhough  it  was  already  known  to  Fabricius  ab 
Aiiuiipendcntc  and  to  Caecilius  Follius. 

GIthLE,  Chalaza — g.  Interne  de  la  Cuisse, 
Gracilis. 

an£MIL  OFFICINAL,  Lithospermum  offi- 
cinale. 

GHEMIUM,  Vulva. 

URKNAUI-:,  Influenza. 

GIIUNADI Elt,  Funica  granatum. 

Gill'JNADIN,  see  Punica  granatum. 

GliRSI I'UtS,  Vesiculae  seininales. 

GIIKNOUILLE,  liana  csculenta. 

G  n  f'JNO  UIL  L  E  T  TE,  Kan  u  la. 

ORKOULX,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Sul- 
jihuretted  springs  in  the  department  of  Basses- 
Alpes,  Franco. 

(iRKSSIIRA,  Perinicum. 

GRKSSUS,  Walking. 

GREVEURE,  Hernia. 

GRIELUM,  Apium  petroselinuna,  Smyrnium 
ohisatruin. 

GRIFF,  see  Mulatto. 

GRIFFO,  SCO  Mulatto. 

GUIXCEMBNT  DES  DENTS,  Brygmus. 

GRINCOMES,  Syphilis. 

GRINDERS,  Molar  teeth— g.  Asthma,  see 
Asthma,  grinders' — g.  Rot,  Asthma,  grinders'. 

GRINDING  MILL,  see  Pulverization. 

GRIPE,  CUTTING  ON  THE,  see  Lithotomy. 

GRIPES,  Tormina,  Colic. 

Grii'ks,  Watery.  A  popular  name  for  a  dan- 
gerous disease  of  infancy,  common  in  England, 
which  does  not  differ  essentially  from  the  cholera 
infantum  of  this  country. 

GRIPHOSIS,  Onychogryphosis. 

GRIPPE  {¥.),  from  gripper,  'to  gripe,'  'catch 
h')ld  of.'  A  vulgar  name  for  several  catarrhal 
diseases,  which  have  reigned  epidemically;  as 
the  influenza. 

GRIPPJS,  Pinched. 

GRfSOU,  see  Hvdrogon,  carburetted. 

GRISTLE,  Cartilage. 

GRITS,  Groats. 

GuiT  Gruel,  Water  gruel.  This  is  made 
as  follows:  —  Take  three  ounces  oi  grits ;  wash 
them  well  in  cohl  tcater,  and,  having  poured  off 
the  fluid,  put  them  into  four  pints  of  fresh  water, 
and  boil  slowly  until  the  water  is  reduced  one- 
half;  then  strain  through  a  sieve.  It  is  a  good 
dtMuulceut,  and  is  employed  also  as  a  vehicle  for 
clysters. 

GROAN,  see  Suspirium. 

GROATS,  German  Griitze;  Grutum,  Ave'na 
exeorticn'ta  ;  (F.)  Gniait,  Oatmeal,  (  Fo>-/,-«Ai>c.) 
Oats,  hulled,  but  unground,  {Lancashire.)  Hulled 
oats,  half  ground.  Oats  that  have  the  hulls  taken 
off;  Grits,  (Prov.)  Cutlius.  When  crushed,  they 
are  termed  Emhden  groats.  In  America,  fine 
lumiiny  is  called  Grits,  and  wheat  prepared  in 
tlic  same  way  is  likewise  so  designated.  It  is 
al.-io  called  icheaten  homini/. 

G  no  ATS,  Cracow,  Semolina. 

ttROCERS'  ITCH,  see  Eczema  Impetiginodes, 
P.=i>riasis. 

GROG-BLOSSOMS,  Gutta  rosea. 

GKOG-ROSES,  Gutta  rosea. 

(iROMWELL,  Lithospermum  officinale. 

(iROOVE,  Enrrow,  Sii/ciis,  (F.)  Jlitinnre.  loe- 
landic,  gra/a.  Sax.  srapan.  '  to  dig.'  A  channel 
or  gutter  in  a  bone  or  surgical  instrument.  See 
Cuulitse. 


Groove,  Prim'itive,  Primltice  streah  or  trace, 
Nota  primiti'va.  A  bright  streak  in  the  long 
axis  of  the  pellucid  part  of  the  area  germinaiiva, 
after  it  presents  a  central  pellucid  and  a  pcri()he- 
ral  opake  part,  and  passes  from  the  round  to  the 
pear  shape. 

GROOVED.  Same  etymon.  Snka'tus,  Stria', 
tus,  Caiialicula'tiiH,  (F.)  Vaanele  ou  Cauele  ou 
Canalicnle  ;  Canaliculated.  Having  a  small  chan- 
nel or  gutter. 

GROS,  Drachm — g.  Cou,  Bronchocele. 

GROSEILLES,  Ribes  rubrum— ^.  d  Maque- 
reaii,  Ribes  uva  crispa. 

GROSEILLER  NOIR,  Ribes  nigrum  —  ^. 
Rouge,  Ribes  rubrum. 

GROSSE  GORGE.  Bronchocele. 

GROSSESSE,  Pregnancy — //.  Abdominale, 
Pregnancy,  abdominal — g.  A/u'lalc,  Pregnancy, 
afoetal  —  g.  Bigeiiiiiiale,  Pregnancy,  bigeminal  — 
g.  Comjdexe,  Pregnane}',  complex  —  g.  Gomposee, 
Pregnancy,  compound  —  g.  Cuiitre-hatnre,  Preg- 
nancy, extra-uterine — g.  Faiisse  ou  apparenle. 
Pregnancy,  false—;/.  Fatole,  Pregnancy,  foetal — ■ 
g.  GdZD-hystcrique,  Pregniincy,  gazo-hysteric  — 
g.  Heinalo-hynteriinie,  Pregnancy,  heinato-hyste- 
ric — g.  lIijdro-hysteri(jue,  Pregnancy,  hydro-hys- 
teric—  g.  Iiiter-e.ctra-uferiiie,  Pregnancy,  com- 
I)lex — g.  Ovarirnne,  Pregnancy,  ovarini — g.  Sar- 
co-hysleriqne,  Pregnancy,  SJirco-hysteric — g.  Sar- 
cnfaetale.  Pregnancy,  sarcofoetiil — g.  Simple,  Preg- 
nancy, solitary — g.  Solitaire,  Pregnancy,  solitary 
—  g.  Trigeminule,  Pregnancy,  trigeminal — g. 
Triple,  Pregnancy,  trigeminal — g.  Tubaire,  Preg- 
nancy, tubal —  g.  Utern-abdoniiiia/e,  Pregnancy, 
utero-abdoniinal — g.  Utero-ovarienue,  Pregnancy, 
utoro-ovarian — g.  Utiro-tubaire,  Pregnancy,  ute- 
ro-tubal. 

GROSSULARIA,  Ribes  uva  crispa— g.  Nigra, 
Ribes  nigrum — g.  Non  spinosa,  Ribes  nigrum — g. 
Rubra,  Kibes  rubrum. 

GROTTO  DEI  SERPI  (L)  'Grotto  of  ser- 
pents.' A  grotto  near  Braccano,  in  Italj',  filled 
with  warm  water,  to  which  invalids,  affected  with 
skin  diseases,  resort. 

GROUILLEMENT  D'ENTRAILLES,  Bor- 
borygmus. 

GROUND  BERRY,  Gaultheria  — g.  Holly, 
Gaultheria — g.  Ivy,  Gaultheria,  Glechoma  hede- 
racea  —  g.  Nut,  Arachis  hypogea,  Pignut  —  g. 
Pine,  Teucrium  cbamajpitj's  —  g.  Pine,  French, 
Teucrinm  iva. 

GROUNDIE  SWALLOW,  Senecio. 

GROUNDSEL,  Senecio  — g.  Tree,  Baccharis 
haliinifiilia. 

GROUSEBERRY,  Gaultheria. 

GROWTH,  from  Dutch  groyen,  'to  grow,' 
Tncremeu'tiim,  Craven'tia,  Aiiaplo'tis,  Annpiyx'is, 
(F.)  Croissance,  Criie.  The  development  of  the 
body;  particularly  in  the  direction  of  its  height. 
Also,  any  adventitious  tissue;  thus,  we  speak  of 
a  morbid  qrowth  or  formation.    See  Development. 

GROZET-EYED,  Goggle-eyed. 

GRUAU,  Groats. 

GRUB,  Larve,  see  Ectozoa. 

Gnt'HS,  Aene  punctata. 

GRUEL,  GRIT,  see  Grits— g.  Water,  see  Ave- 
na,  and  Grits. 

GRUFF,  from  Teutonic  ge,  and  rub,  'rough.' 
In  pharmac}',  the  coarse  residue,  which  will  not 
pass  throuirh  the  sieve  in  pulverization. 

GRUME AU,  Coagulum. 

GRU.MOUS,  Grumo'sns.  (F.)  GrumeU,  Grume- 
leu.r,  from  (/runuis,  'a  clot.'     Clotted. 

GRUMUS,  Coagulum. 

GRUTUM.  'Groats.'  Grutum  Mil'ium,  Mil', 
turn.  A  hard  white  tubercle  of  the  skin,  resem- 
bling, in  size  and  appearance,  a  millet-seed.  It 
is  confined  to  the  face.     See,  also,  Groats. 

GRYPH'IUS    PES.     The  Griffon's  foot,  (F.) 


GRYPHOSIS 


4  3G 


GUM  MI 


Pied  de  Griffou,  An  instrument  of  which  Am- 
brose Pure  speaks,  which  was  used  for  extracting 
mole?  fniiii  the  uterus. 

GRA' Pilosis,  Onychogryphosis. 
GRYPO'SIS,  from  yovKoto,  'I  ineurvate.'     In- 
cnrvii'lio.     Curvature  or  crookedness  in  general. 
Crookedness  or   incurvation    of  the   nails.     See 
Onychnr/n/jioiiis. 
GRYPOTES,  s-ee  Grypus. 

GRl'PUS.  One  who  has  a  crooked  or  aquiline 
nose.     The  condition  is  termed  Gry'jwtes. 

GUA'CO,  Hun'co.  The  name  k  a  plant,  Eh- 
patit'riiini  Gnnco.  decribed  by  Humboldt  and 
Bonpland  under  the  name  Mika'nia  Giiaco,  Ord. 
Composite,  which  grows  in  the  valleys  of  Mada- 
lena,  Rio-Cauca,  Ac,  in  South  America.  The 
negroes  use  the  juice  against  the  bites  of  poison- 
ous reptiles  ; — both  in  the  way  of  prevention  and 
cure.  It  has  been,  of  late,  brought  forward  as  a 
remedy  in  cholera. 

GUAIAC,  see  Guaiacum. 

GIIAIACI  LIGNUM,  see  Guaiacum  — g.  Re- 
sina,  see  Gunincura. 

GUAIACINE,  see  Guaiacum. 
GUAI'ACUM,  G.  Officina'le  seu  America'nxim, 
Zii'gniim  vitce.  seu  finiictiim  seu  beiiedic'tnm  seu 
Jnd'icuiit,  Pnhin  SKiicttm,  Hafjiax' t/lnm,('B.)  Guync, 
Gainc.  Oril.  Zygophylleaj.  The  resin — Gniti'nci 
Resi'tifi,  Giuii'nc,  (P.)  liesitte  ou  Gomme  de  Ga'iac 
— and  the  wood — Giinici  licjnuni — are  both  used 
in  medicine.  Their  odour  is  slightly  fragrant ; 
taste  w:irm  and  Viitter,  of  the  resin  more  so  than 
of  the  wood.  The  resin  is  concrete,  brittle ; 
colour,  externally,  greenish  ;  internally  grayish. 
Water  dissolves  about  one-tenth ;  alcohol  95 
parts.  It  is  soluble,  also,  in  liqiwr  pnfnssas  15  parts, 
liquor  (imiiioiilw  38  parts.  The  powder  is  whitish, 
but  changes  green  in  the  air.  The  base  of  the 
guaiacum  is  a  peculiar  resin,  called  Guniacine. 

Guaiacum  is  stimulant  a-nd  diaphoretic ;  and 
in  large  doses,  purgative.  It  is  administered  in 
chronic  rheumatism,  gout,  cutaneous  diseases, 
and  the  sequelsB  of  syphilis.  Dose  of  resin,  gr. 
V  to  XX  : — to  purge,  gr.  xx  to  xl. 

Giinia'ciDU  saxcttim,  and  G.  anguatifo' Hum  have 
the  same  virtues  as  G.  officinnle. 
GUALTIIERIA,  Gaultheria. 
GUANO,  —  according    to    Tschudi,    properly 
Hiiitnii. — is  formed  of  the  excrements  of  different 
kinds  of  marine  birds — mews,  divers,  sheerbreaks, 
Ac,  but  especially  of  the  Snln  variega'ta.     It  is 
found  in  enormous  layers  in  the  South  American 
islands  of  the  Pacific,  and  is  used  as  manure. 
GUAR  ANA.  Paullinia. 
GUARANIIEM,  Monesia. 
GUARANIN,  see  Coffea  Arabica. 
GUARAPO.      A   fermented   liquor   made,   in 
Peru,  of  sugar-cane  pulp  and  water.    It  is  a  very 
favourite  beverage  of  the  negroes. — Tschudi. 

GUARD  (for  abed),  Alfine. 
;•    '       ARERBA  ORBA,  Momordica  elaterium. 
.'•'niAVA  APPLE,  Psidium  pomiferum. 
-'?,'X)'UAY'"AVA,  Psidium  pomiferum. 
GUAZA,  see  Bangue. 

GUBERNAC'ULUM  DENTIS,  {guhemacu- 
liim,  'a  rudder.')  A  cord,  which  passes  from  the 
follicle  of  the  permanent  tooth  along  a  small  long 
canal  beiiind  the  alveolus  of  the  milk  tooth,  and 
hecomes  continuous  with  the  gum.  The  guber- 
naculuin  hns  been  supposed  to  direct  the  perma- 
nent tooth  outwards.  The  canal  has  been  termed 
Iter  dentin. 

GliBKRNAcrrLUM"  TESTIS,  Giihemactdum  testis, 
Hunteri,  G.  Iliinteri.  Hniiteri  Liqnmen'tum  siis- 
jtenso'riiim  Testis,  (F.)  Goiiveniail  du  testicule.  A 
triangular, fibro-cellular  cord;  which, in  the  foetus, 
arises  from  the  ramus  of  the  ischium  and  the  skin 
of  the  scrotum,  and  proceeds  to  the  posterior  part 
of  the  testicle,  before  this  organ  issues  from  the 


abdomen.    It  has  been  supposed  to  be  a  continn- 
ation   of   the   fascia  superlicialis   with    muscular 
fibres    from   the   internal   oblique  muscle,   whiiii 
pass  upwards  to  the  testis  when  in  the  abdomen  ; 
and  by  their  contraction  draw  the  testis  down 
and  ultimately  form  the  cremastcr  muscle. 
GUEPE,  Wasp. 
GUEIUSON,  Cure. 
GUERlSSAliLE,  Curable. 
G^f//,Viscum  album — g.de  C/(e»e,Viscum  album 
GUIDER,  Tendon. 

GUILANDI'NA  MORIN'GA,  Hypenuthe'm 
woriugn.  A  ])hint,  Ord.  Leguminosa?,  which 
affords  the  lien  nut,  and  the  lignum  nephrit' icnm. 
It  is  also  called  iforin'gn  Olc'if'cra  seu  Zei/lau'icri 
seu  Nux  hen.  Under  the  name  Gnilandiiin  mn. 
ringa,  Linnseus  is  said  to  have  confounded  iVn- 
ringn  pteri/gospei-m'a  and  3f.  np'tern.  Ilypertin- 
the'ra  moringa  is  a  synonyme  of  the  former 
species.  The  nut  Ben,  Ben  vkx,  Glnvs  ungnciiln'- 
ria,  BuVanna  Jfi/rep'sica,  Siin'd(dum  ceEnt'leum, 
Oily  Acorn  or  Ben  nut,  is  a  West  India  nnt  which 
furnishes  an  oil,  O'leum  llnlmii'num,  Oil  nf  lien, 
that  does  not  become  rancid  by  age,  and  is  hence 
used  by  perfumers.     It  is  purgative. 

The  wood  of  the  Guilaudina  is  called  Lignum 
Nephrit'icum,  and  has  been  used  in  decoction,  in 
affections  of  the  urinary  organs. 

GUILLOTINE,  TONSIL,  Amygdalatome. 
GUILTY  CUPS,  Ranunculus  .acris. 
GU13IAUYE,  Althaea— if.  Velouiee,  Hibiscus 
abehnoschus. 

GULA,  fflsophagus,  Pharynx. 
GUL^  IMBECILLITAS,  Pharyngoplegia - 
g.  Principium,  Pharynx. 
GULLET,  Oesophagus. 
GULLION,  Colic. 
GULOSUS,  Glutton. 
GULSCHOCH,  Icteru.s. 

GUM,  ACAROID,  see  Xanthorrhoea— g.Aniine, 
Anime — g.  Arabic,  AcaciaD  gummi — g.  Artificial, 
Dextrin  —  g.  Bassora,  Bassora  gum  —  g.  Black- 
boy,  see  Xanthorrhoea. 
Gum  Boil,  Parulis. 

Gum,  British,  Dextrin --g.  Butea,  see  Buloa 
frondosa — g.  Caranna,  Carnnna — g.  Dragon,  Tra- 
gacantha — g.  East  India,  see  Eeronia  elephantuin 
— g.  Elastic,  Caoutchouc. 

Gum  of  the  Eye,  C/mssic — g.  Falling  away  of 
the,  Ulatrophia  —  g.  Hemlock,  see  Pinus  Cana- 
densis'—  g.  Indigenous,  Gummi  nostras  —  g.  Ivy, 
see  Hedera  helix — g.  Juniper,  Sandarae. 

G DM-Lancet,  Denfiscnl'pium,  Odontng'lyplinn, 
(F.)  DechauHsoir.  An  instrument  for  separating 
the  gum  from  the  cervix  of  the  tooth,  prior  to 
extraction.  It  is  formed  much  like  a  Ileain.  The 
operation  itself  is  called  Lrincing  the  gums,  Den'- 
tiuni  scalptu'ra,  (F.)  DecJianssement. 

Gum,  Orenburg,  see  Pinus  larix  —  g.  Red, 
Strophulus. 

Gum  Resin,  Gummi  resina. 
Gum,  Sandarach,  Sandarac  —  g.  Sassa,  Sasfa 
— g.  Seneca,  Acacise  gummi — g.  Senega,  Acaciic 
gummi  —  g.  Shrinking  of  the,  Ulatrophia  —  f.'. 
Sweet,  Liquidambar  styraciflua  —  g.  Tragacanth, 
Tragaeanth. 

Gum  Tree,  Brown,  see  Kino. 
Gum,   White,   Liquidambar   styraciflua,  Stro- 
phulus— g.  Yellow,  Icterus  infantum. 

GUMMA,  (F.)  Gomme.  An  elastic  tumour 
formed  in  the  periosteum  occupying  particularly 
the  cranium  and  sternum,  and  produced  by  the 
syphilitic  virus,  when  it  has  been  long  in  the  con- 
stitution. It  is  so  called,  because,  when  opened, 
it  contains  a  matter  like  gum. 

GUMMI,  Comvii,  Kouiii,  (F.)  Gomme.  An  im- 
mediate principle  of  vegetables.  It  is  a  .«olid, 
uncrystallizablc,  inodorous  substance,  of  amawk- 


GUMMIDODES 


43  7 


GUTT.E    ABBATIS,    &c. 


lah  taste,  unchangeable  in  the  air,  insoluble  in 
alcohol,  but  soluble  in  water,  with  which  it  forms 
a  mucilage.  It  is  obtained  from  various  species 
of  mitiioHa  and  primus;  and  consequently  there 
are  many  varieties  of  gum.  They  are  used  in 
iiiediciiies  as  demulcents,  emollients,  and  relax- 
ants, (larticularly  in  catarrh,  intestinal  irritations, 
itc. ;  and  in  Pknrmuci/,  they  are  employed  in  the 
f /rmation  of  emulsions,  pills,  &c. 

(iiiMMi  AcAci/E  AiiABiCE,  Acacisc  gummi  —  g. 
Ai-antliiiium,  Acaciu)  gummi  —  g.  Acaroides,  see 
,Kan(liorrh(ca — g.  Adslringeiis  Fothergilli,  Kino 
— g.  Aminoniacum,  Animoniao — g.  Anime,  Anime 
— g.  Aniljicum,  Acaciao  gummi — g.  Astragali  Tra- 
gacanthio,  Tragacantha  —  g.  Bogia,  Cauibogia  — 
g.  I5relisis,  Caranna  —  g.  Copalliiium,  Copal  —  g. 
Klasiicum,  Caoutchouc  —  g.  Euphorbia;,  see  Eu- 
](liorbia  olFicinarum — g.  Gaiiiandrae,  Cauibogia  — 
g.  Oambiense,  Kino  —  g.  de  Goa,  Cauibogia  —  g. 
(iutta,  Cauibogia  —  g.  llederae,  see  Iludora  helix 
—  g.  dc  Jemu,  Cambogia  —  g.  Juniperi,  Sandarac 
— g.  Laccic,  Lacca — g.  Ladanum,  see  Cistus  crc- 
lic'us — g.  Laniac,  Acaciaa  gummi — g.  Laricis,  see 
i'inus  larix — g.  Leueum,  Acaciae  gummi. 

GtiMMl  NosTHAS,  (F.)  Giimme  dii  f'lii/n ;  Fndiij"- 
eiKiiiH  Giini.  These  generic  names  are  given  to 
several  species  nf  gum,  which  flow  spontaneously 
from  certain  indigenous  fruit  trees,  —  such  as  the 
iiiinond,  cherry,  peach,  apricot,  &c.  The  indige- 
nous giuus  have  nearly  the  same  properties  as 
guiii  Ar;ibic;  but  they  are  inferior  to  it. 

Gc'MMi  Orknuuugknsh,  see  Pinus  larix — g.  Pa- 
naris, see  Pastinaca  opopona.x — g.  ad  Podagram, 
Cauibogia. 

Gummi-Resi'na,  Giim-reiin.  A  milky  juice, 
obtiiiiied  l)y  making  incisions  into  the  branches, 
stalks  and  roots  of  certain  vegetables.  Gum-re- 
i-ins  are  compounds  of  resin,  gum,  often  with  es- 
sential oil,  and  different  other  vegetable  matters. 
They  are  solid,  opake,  brittle,  of  a  strong  odour, 
acrid  taste,  variable  colour,  and  are  heavier  than 
water.  Water  dissolves  a  part  of  them,  and  al- 
cohol another;  hence  proof  spirit  is  the  proper 
menstruum.  The  generality  of  the  gum-resins 
arc  powerful  stimulants  to  the  whole  or  to  parts  of 
the  economy.  The  chief  are  nadfwtidn,  gum  aiii- 
iiiniiine,  eaphorliium,  galbrinnni,  ciinihnge,  myrrh, 
olili'iiiiiiii,  fipapoiinx,  scanimoDi/,  aloen,  &c. 

Gi'VMi  KiBHtnf  AnsTRI.vuR^Js  Gamkiexse,  Ki- 
no, see  Butea  Frondosa — g.  Seneca,  Senegal  gum 
— g.  Senega,  Senegal,  gum  —  g.  Senegalense,  Se- 
i*Si'l>  gi""  —  g-  Senica,  Senegal,  gum — g.  Sera- 
pionis.  Acacias  gummi  —  g.  Thebaicum,  AcaciiB 
guiiiini  —  g.  Tragacantha,  Tragacantha — g.  Ura- 
lense,  see  Pinns  larix. 

GUMMIDODES.  Mucilaginous. 

GUMMIODES,  Mucilaginous. 

GUMMOSUS,  Mucilaginous. 

GUMS,  Gingiva. 

GUN-COTTON,  see  Collodion  — g.  c.  Ethereal 
solution  of.  Collodion. 

GUX.IAII,  see  Bangue. 

GUN^M<;RA  PEUPKN'SA.  A  South  Afri- 
can plant,  \:it.  Ord.  UrticaceiB;  the  dec<iction  of 
which  is  taken  as  a  domestic  remedy  by  the  farm- 
er?, as  a  tonic  in  dyspepsia.  A  tincture  has  been 
used  in  gravel.  An  infusion  of  the  leaves  is  de- 
mulcent, and  is  employed  in  pulmonary  affections. 
Tlie  leaves  are  applied  fresh,  to  cure  wounds  and 
ulcers. 

G URGES.  Pharynx. 

GURGITKLLO,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
A  thenuiil  spring  in  the  isle  of  Ischia.  Temp,  at 
its  source,  170°  Fall.  It  contains  carbonic  acid, 
carbonates  of  lime,  magnesia,  iron  and  soda,  sul- 
phates of  limo  and  soda,  chloride  of  sodium  and 
silica. 

GURGLING.  'Gushing  with  noise,'  as  water 
from  a  bottle.     (F.)  Gar<jouHlement,  same  etymon 


as  gargle.  The  rhonchus  or  rale  heard  on  aus- 
cultation when  there  is  a  cavity  in  the  lungs  con- 
taining pus.  It  is  the  'cavernous  rattle  or  rhou- 
chuH,'  Rale  cavernenx.  The  size  of  the  bubbles 
heard  varies,  and  hence  the  rhonchus  has  been 
called  cavernous  and  cavern' uIuuk,  (F.)  Rale  ca- 
vernideux.  If  the  cavern  be  large,  this  rale  will 
nearly  resemble  the  gurgling  of  a  bottle  (i/lougloit 
d'uue  houleilie  ;)  if,  on  the  contrary,  the  cavera 
be  small,  it  will  not  differ  from  the  rale  mu- 
queujc 

GURGULIO,  Penis,  Uvula. 

GUST  AT  IF,  {Nerf,)  see  Lingual  Nerve. 

GUSTATION,  Degustation,  Taste. 

GUSTATORY  NERVE,  see  Lingual  Nerve. 

GUSTUS,  Taste — g.  Depravatus,  Parageustia. 

GUT,  Gout,  Intestine — g.  Blind,  Ciecuni. 

GUTS,  SLIPPERINESS  OF  THE,  Lientery. 

GUTTA,  Apoplexy,  Cambogia,  Gout. 

GUTTA.  A  Drop,  Staldfj'niu,  Alun'sd,  Stilla 
(F.)  Goutte.  A  (juantity  of  licjuid,  generally  va- 
lued, in  pharmacy,  at  the  weight  of  a  grain.  The 
weight,  however,  varies  according  to  different 
circumstances,  as  the  degree  of  tenacity  of  the 
fluid,  and  the  extent  of  moist  surface  to  which  the 
suspended  drop  is  attached  before  it  falls  ;  and  it 
was  found  by  Mr.  Alsop  to  be  influenced  by  the 
size  of  the  bottle,  and  the  angle  of  inclination  at 
which  it  was  held  during  the  operation  of  drop- 
ping. The  following  are  some  of  his  results  as 
to  the  number  of  drops  required  to  measure  a 
fluidrachm,  when  dropi)ed  from  a  largo  and  a  small 
bottle. 

From  a  Iarj;e  From  a  small 
bottle.         bdttlo. 
(f^j)  Diluted  sulphuric  acid. ...24  drops  8-t  drops 

Sclieele's  hydrocyanic  acid  85 70 

Distilled  water .31 64- 

Solution  of  ammonia 40 48 

Tincture  of  opium 84 l.'?.") 

Rectified  spirits 100 LSO 

Tincture  of  chlorideofironl  00 160 

GuTTA  Gamandii;e,  Cambogia — g.  Gamba,  Ciyn- 
bogia — g.  Opaca,  Cataract. 

GliTTA  Pkrcha,  Gntta  tuhan,  Gomme  r/ettii'iu'a. 
The  concrete  juice  of  a  tree — houau'dra  ;/n(ta — 
which  is  indigenous  in  Singapore  and  its  vicinity, 
and  belongs  to  the  Natural  Order  Sapotacese. 
Plunged  in  boiling  water  it  softens,  when  it  may 
be  moulded  like  caoutchouc  to  any  form,  which 
it  retains  on  cooling.  Splints  and  other  instru- 
ments have  been  made  of  it. 

A  solution  o( gutta 2)crvhn  in  clilomform — Trnn- 
niat'icine  —  has  been  used  with  advantage,  topi- 
cally, in  various  cutaneous  affections,  scrofulous 
and  indolent  ulcers,  and  as  an  ectrotic  in  small- 
pox. 

GiiTTA  Rosacea  Syphilitica,  Crown  of  Venus. 

GuTTA  Ro'sea,  G.  Rosa'cen,  lon'lhuH  curymh'- 
ifer,  Cruxta  serpigiuo'sii  sen  ptruru/iiio'sa.  Acne 
rnsa'cea,  Rose'ola  aoio'sa,  Thylarii'tis,  B  \  "  '->, 
Butign,  Oar' bunded  Face,  Rimy  Drop  or  It '••»!, 
Copper-nose,  Bottle-nose,  Grog-blossoms,  0 . 
roses.  Brandy-face,  (F.)  Couperose,  Goulte  Rose, 
Bourgeons,  Dartre  pustuleuse  couperose.  An. 
eruption  of  small,  suppurating  tubercles,  with 
shining  redness,  and  an  irregular  granular  ap- 
pearance of  the  skin  of  the  part  of  the  face  which 
is  affected.  The  redness  commonly  a[)pcMrs  first 
at  the  end  of  the  nose,  and  then  spreads  on  both 
sides.  It  is  often  produced  by  hard  drinking. 
Its  cure  must  be  attempted  by  regular  regimen, 
and  cooling  means  internally  :  weak  spirituous  or 
saturnine  lotions  externally.  The  affection  is 
usually  very  obstinate. 

GuTTA  Serena,  Amaurosis  —  g.  Tuban,  Gutta 
pereha. 

GUTT/E  ABBATIS  ROUSSEAU,  Laudanum 
abbatis  Rousseau — g.  Ammoniaci,  see  Ammoniao 


GUTTALIS    CARTILAGO 


43  8 


GYTLIXG 


gum — g.  Aci(l;B  tnnierc,  Elixir  Aciihira  Hallcri — 
g.  Nervina},  Alcohol  sulfiirico-astluTcus  ferri. 

Gl  TT.»:  NiGf!.*;,  Ace'lum  o'pii,  Commoti  Black 
Drop.     {Opii  ,V'''J'  "'"''''  'Jctillaf-  tt)ij.  Infuse.) 

The  celebrated  lilack  Drop,  Lau'cniter  or  Qua- 
ker'a  lilnck  Drop  may  be  niiule  as  follows.  Take 
half  a  pound  of  <ij)iiiin  uliced;  three  pints  of  good 
verjuice,  (juice  of  the  wild  eralj,)  one  and  a  half 
ounce  of  nutmegs,  and  half  an  ounce  of  saffron. 
Boil  to  a  proper  thickness,  and  add  a  quarter  of  a 
pound  of  sugar,  and  two  spoonfuls  of  yeast.  Set 
the  whole  in  a  warm  place,  near  the  fire,  for  six 
or  eight  weeks;  then  plnce  it  in  the  open  air  un- 
til it  becomes  a  syrup.  Lastly,  decant,  filter,  and 
bottle  it  up,  adding  a  little  sugar  to  each  bottle. 
One  drop  is  equal  to  three  of  laudanum;  and  it 
is  nearly  devoid  of  all  the  unpleasant  exciting 
efifects  of  the  latter.  An  analogous  formula  is 
contained  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United 
States  under  the  name  Ace'lum  opii,  Vinerjar  of 
Opium. 

GUTTALIS  CARTILAGO,  Arytenoid  Carti- 
lage. 

GUTTERIA,  Bronchocele. 

GUTTUR.  The  throat;  the  larynx;  the 
trachea. 

GuTTUR  Globosum,  Bronchocele — g.  Turaidum, 
Bronchocele. 

GIIT'TURAL,  Guttiira'lts,  from  giitfur,  'the 
throat.'     Relating  or  belonging  to  the  throat. 

The  Superior  Thi/roideul  Artery  is  sometimes 
called  Gullural  Arteri/. 

A  Giitturol  Cowjh  is  one  occasioned  by  irrita- 
tion of  the  larynx  or  trachea. 

A  Guttural  Sound  is  one  produced,  as  it  were, 
in  the  throat. 

GUTTUKIS  OS,  Hyoides  os. 

GUTTURNIA.  Arytenoid  cartilages. 

GY.MNA,  Genital  Organs. 

GYMNASION,  Exercise. 

GYMNA'SIUM,  from  yu/ii-of.  'naked.'  Palms'^ 
trc.  An  establishment  amongst  the  ancients,  in- 
tended for  bodily  exercises,  as  wrestling,  running, 
&(i. ;  a  terra  now  used,  in  Germany  more  espe- 
cially, for  an  academy  or  higher  school. 

GYMNAST,  Gyiiinas'teK,  Gyniurm'ta ;  same 
etymon.  Tiie  manager  of  a  gymnasium.  One, 
■whose  profession  it  is  to  prevent  or  cure  diseases 
by  gymnastics. 

GYMNASTICS,  Gymnan'tica,  Medici'nn  f/ym- 
nas'ticn  seu  euecl'icK,  Somascet'icn,  (F.)  Gymiins- 
tiquc,  Somuscetique.  Same  etymon.  That  part 
of  hygienic  medicine  which  treats  of  bodily  exer- 
cises. It  is  called  3fed'icnl  Gymnastics.  The 
ancients  had  also  Athlet'ic  Gymnast ics,  and  Mil'- 
itary  Gymnastics.  Herodicus,  of  Selivraja,  first 
proposed  svinastics  for  the  cure  of  disease. 

G  YMNASTIQUE,  Gymnastics. 

GYMNEU'RA  LACTIF'ERUM,  Ceylon  cow- 
tree,  Kirinrjhuma.  A  tree,  of  the  Family  Apocy- 
naceae,  the  juice  of  which  is  used  by  the  Cinga- 
l«!t'  as  milk. 

GYMNOC'LADUS  CANADEN'SIS,  Coffee 
Tree,  Kentucky  Coffee-bean  Tree,  Mahoynny, 
Nichar  Tree,  Bondue.  Order.  Leguminosae  ;  from 
yujivoj,  '  naked,'  and  kXh^o?,  '  a  branch.'  An  in- 
digenous tree,  which  grows  from  Ohio  to  Louisi- 
ana. The  leaves  are  cathartic,  and  said  to  con- 
tain cytisin.  The  seeds  are  a  good  substitute  for 
coffee. 

GYMNOGRAMME  CETERACH,  Asplenium 
ceterach. 

GYMNOPTERIS  CETERACH,  Asplenium 
ceterach. 

(5YMN0SIS,  Denudation. 

GYN.iE'CANER,  from  yui/f/.yuvaKroj, 'a  woman,' 
and  «i'>7p,  'a  man.'  Vir  effceminu'tus.  An  efifemi- 
nate  man. 

GYNiECANTHE,  Tamus  communis. 


GYNvECATOP'TRON,  from  yw,  yvvaiKo{.  'a 
woman,'  and  xaroTfT/Jov,  '  a  s])cculum.'  A  spccu- 
culum  for  investigating  the  female  organs  of 
generation. 

GYNiECEA,  Gynwceia. 

GYNjECEI'A,  Gyucp.ci'a,  Oynepce'a,  from  yvvi), 
yvvattcos,  '  a  woman.'  The  catamenia  ; — llie  locliia. 
The  diseases  of  women  in  general. — Hippocrates, 
Galen,  Foesius. 

GYNyECEUM,  Antimonium,  Vulva. 

GYNjECE'US,  from  ywn,  ywatKo;,  'a  woman.' 
Belonging  to  women.     Female.     Feminine. 

GYN^CIA.  Gyna;ceia,  Menses. 

GYNyECOLOG"IA,  Gynecol'nyy,  from  yvv),, 
yvvaiKof,  'a  woman,'  and  \oyoi,  'a  descripiioii.' 
The  doctrine  of  the  nature,  diseases,  Ac.  of 
women. 

GYNjECOMA'NTA,  from  yvvrj,  ywaiKot,  'wo- 
man,' and  fiavta,  'mania,'  'rage.'  That  species 
of  insanity,  wliich  arises  from  love  for  woiiuni. 
Some  have  used  the  word  synonyniuusly  with 
nymphomania. 

GYNiECOMAZIA,  see  Gynoccomastu.«. 

GYN^COMAS'TUS,  Gynctvomns'thus,  from 
yvvri,  yvvniKOi,  'woman,'  and  ^uaroj,  'a  tirca.^t.' 
A  man  whose  breasts  are  as  large  as  those  of  a 
woman.  —  Galen,  Ingrassias.  The  condition  is 
called  Gynecoma'zia. 

A  considerable  enlargement  of  the  breasts  of  a 
female  was  formerly  called  Gi/nacomus'ti/n. 

GYN.ECO.MYS'TAX,  froin'  ywv,  yvyaiKoi,  'wo- 
man, and  fiviTTa^,  'the  beard.'  The  hair  on  the 
pubes  of  women. — Rolfink. 

GYNJECOPllO'NUS,  from  yuvv,  yvvatxoi,  'wo- 
man,' and  ^wvn,  'voice.'  A  man  who  has  an 
effeminate  voice. 

GYNANDRIA,  Hermaphrodeity. 

GYNANDROP'SIS  PENTAPllYL'LA,  Clan'. 
ne  pentaphyl'In.  Ord.  Capparidacea; ;  an  indi- 
genous plant,  is  possessed  of  diaphoretic  pro))er- 
ties.  The  juice  alone,  or  mixed  with  oil,  has  boon 
used  in  earache. 

GYNANDRUS,  Gynanthropus. 

GYNANTIHIO'PUS,  Gynan'dms.  An  her- 
maphrodite who  belongs  more  to  the  male  than 
to  the  female  sex. 

GYNATRE'SIA,  from  ywrj,  'a  woman,'  and 
arpriTo;,  '  imperforate.'  Closure  or  imjierforation 
of  the  external  parts  of  generation  of  the  female. 

GYNB.  Female,  Woman. 

GYNECOLOGY,  Gynacologia. 

GYNIDA,  Herma|)hrodite. 

GYNOARIUM,  Ovarium. 

GYNOCARDIA  ODORATA,  Chaulmongra. 

GYNOPLAS'TIC,  Gynoplas'ticus,  from  yvir,, 
'  a  woman,'  and  TrXaoaw,  '  I  form.'  The  gynojila.*- 
tic  operation  is  employed  for  opening  or  dilating 
the  closed  or  contracted  genital  openings  of  tbo 
female. 

GYPSY'-WEED,  Lycopus  sinuatus,  and  L.Vir- 
ginicus. 

GYRI  CEREBRI,  Convolutions  (cerebral,)  — 
g.  Cochleae,  Scalae  of  the  Cochlea  —  g.  Intesli- 
nales,  see  Anse. 

GYROMIA  VIRGINICA,  Medeola  Virginica. 

GYROPHLE,  see  Eugenia  caryophyllata. 

GYROPHORA,  sec  Tripe  de  Roche. 

GYRUS,  Convolution  —  g.  Intestinalis,  Anse 
intestinale. 

GYRUS  FORNICA'TUS,  'Arched  convolu- 
tion.' Fillet  of  the  corpus  callosnm.  A  large  con- 
volution of  the  brain,  which  lies  horizontally  on 
the  corpus  callosum,  and  may  be  traced  forwards 
and  backwards  to  the  base  of  the  brain,  termi- 
nating by  each  extremity  at  the  fissure  of  Syl- 
vius. The  surface  of  the  hemisphere,  where  it 
comes  in  contact  with  the  corpus  callosum,  is 
bounded  by  it. 

GYTLING,  Infans. 


HABBERING 


43  9 


H^EMATANGIONOSUS 


H. 


IIAEBERINO,  Balbuties. 

1IAI3-EL-KALIMBAT,  Pistacia  terebinthus. 

llAIiBI,  Ilagenia  Abyssinica. 

lIAl!i5LIN(i,  Balbuties. 

HAHE'NA.  A  Bridle,  Tel'nmon.  A  b.and.age 
for  uiiilirij^  the  lips  of  wounds  ;  which,  in  uiany 
instances,  replaced  the  suture. — (Jalen. 

IIABKN^  OF  THE  PINEAL  GLAND,  see 
Pineal  (iland. 

ILXHKNULiE  OF  THE  PINEAL  GLAND, 
see  Pineal  Gland. 

HABIL'LA  DE  CARTHAGE'NA,  Bejuio, 
C(irlh(i;/''itn  IJctm,  (F.)  Fene  de  Carth(i(/hie.  A 
kind  of  bean  of  South  America,  famed  as  an  ef- 
fectual antidote  for  the  poison  of  all  serpents,  if  a 
small  ((uantity  be  eaten  immediately. 

HABIT,  Jfdbitu'do,  from  habere,  hahitum,  '  to 
have  or  to  hold;'  Ammetu'do,  Mos,  Unns,  Citiimie- 
tii'do,  Etlio",  'e^is,  Hejcia,  Ethmoe'yiie,  (F.)  Habi- 
tude, Accdutiitnance.  Habit  is  tlie  aptitude  for 
repeating  certain  acts:  —  or,  a  facility,  which  re- 
sults from  the  frequent  repetition  of  the  same  act. 
It  is,  according  to  vulgar  expression,  'a  second 
nature.'  Habit  may  predispose  to  certain  dis- 
eases, or  it  may  protect  against  them.  It  ought 
not  to  be  lost  sight  of,  in  attending  to  the  pro- 
gress of  disease,  or  of  its  treatment. 

Habit  of  Bony,  CoHititH'tio,  Hab'itttn,  H.  Cor'- 
'pririn,  CatitH'taniH,  HexiH,  Epijihani'a,  (F.)  Habi- 
tude exterieure,  Habitude  dii  corps.  The  aggre- 
gate of  the  physical  qualities  of  the  human  body. 

HAniTUDE,  Habit  — /i.  da  Corps,  Habit  of 
body — h.  E.rtirieiire,  Habit  of  body. 

HABITUDO,  Habit. 

HABITUS,  Habit  of  body  — h.  Apoplecticus, 
Apoplectic  habit — h.  Corporis,  Habit  of  body — h. 
Quadratus,  see  Apoplectio  —  h.  Torosus,  see  Apo- 
plectic. 

H.ABROiMA'NIA,  from  'aBpo;,  'gay,'  and  iiavta, 
'ninnia.'  Insanity  in  which  the  delusions  are  of 
a.  gay  character. 

HACHICH,  see  Bangue. 

HACIIISCH,  Bangue. 

HACKBERKY,  Celtis  occidentalis,  Prunus 
padus. 

HADDOCK,  see  Oleum  jeeoris  aselli. 

HiEMA,  'ui/ia,  'aiijaros,  '  blood.' 

HyEMACHROINE,  Hocmatine. 

HiEMACHRO'SES,  (  (G.)  Hiimachrosen,) 
from  Affmo,  and  p^poiiric,  'coloration.'  A  family 
of  diseases  in  which  the  blood  has  its  colour  dif- 
ferent from  usual,  as  in  purpura  and  cyanosis. — 
Puchs. 

ILE.VIACY'ANIN,  from  hcema,  and  Kvavos, 
'blue.'  A  blue  colouring  matter,  detected  by  San- 
son in  healthy  blood,  and  in  bile  by  some  che- 
mists, but  not  by  others. 

HiEMADON'bsUS,  from  hmma,  and  voaos,  'a 
disease.'  HcBinatangion' oaus,  Hmmatangionti'sns, 
Hcpmiitaiigiii'sin.     Disease  of  the  blood-vessels. 

H;EMAD0ST0'SIS,  from  hama,  and  ootwgiu 
'a  bony  tumour.'  Ossification  of  the  blood-ves- 
sels. 

H.EMADRO.ArOMETER,  Hasmodromometer. 

H.EM  A  DY.XAMETER,  Ha^madynamometer. 

ILEMADYNAM'ICS,  (F.)  Hemadyu(in,iq„e, 
from  hiriint.  and  ^vvaini,  'power.'  The  mechanical 
iLeory  of  the  circulation  of  the  blood. 


n  .i:  II A  D  Y  N  A  M  0  M'E  TER,  Hmmatodyna. 
mom'eter,  Hasmadyiiam'eter,  HcBiiioiu'eter,  Hap.ma- 
tom'eter,  (F.)  Hemadynnmetre,  Hemometre  ;  from 
hcema,  Swa/iii,  'power,'  and  jitTpov,  'a  measure.' 
An  instrument  for  measuring  the  force  of  the 
blood  in  the  vessels.  It  consists  of  a  bent  glass 
tube,  the  lower  bent  part  of  which  is  filled  with 
mercury.  A  brass  head  is  fitted  into  the  artery, 
and  a  solution  of  carbofiate  of  soda  is  interposed 
between  the  mercury  and  the  blood,  which  is  al- 
lowed to  enter  the  tube  for  the  purpose  of  pre- 
venting its  coagulation.  The  pressure  of  the 
blood  on  the  mercury  in  the  descending  portion 
of  the  bent  tube  causes  the  metal  to  rise  in  the 
ascending  portion;  and  the  degree  to  which  it; 
rises  indicates  the  pressure  under  which  the 
blood  moves. 

H^.MAGASTER,  Haematogaster. 

HiEMAGASTRIC  PESTILENCE,  Fever, 
yellow. 

H^MAGOGUM,  Paeonia. 

HiEMAGO'GUS,  from  ha:ma,  and  ayt^,  'I 
drive  otF.'  A  medicine  which  promotes  the  men- 
strual and  hemorrhoidal  discharges. 

HiEMAL,  from  hcBina.  Relating  to  the  blood 
or  blood-vessels. 

H^MAL  Arch.  The  arch  formed  by  the  pro- 
jections anteriorly  of  the  ribs  and  sternum  from 
the  bodies  of  the  vertebrae.  It  encloses  the  great 
blood-vessels. — Owen. 

HAEMAL  Axis,  Aorta — h.  Spine,  Sternum. 

HiEMALOPIA,  Hemophthalmi.a,  Hu;malopis. 

HyEMALOPIS,  Hwmophthalmia. 

HiEMALOPS,  Hffimophthalmia. 

HiEMAN'THUS  COCCI N'E US.  A  beautiful 
South  African  plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Amaryllidea;,  the 
bulb  of  which  is  employed  as  a  diuretic.  It  is 
given  as  an  o.xymel  in  asthma  and  dropsy.  The 
fresh  leaves  are  antiseptic,  and  applied  to  foul, 
flabby  ulcers,  and  in  anthrax. 

HiEMAPERITONIRRHAG"IA,  (F.)  Hema- 
p^ritonirrhagie ;  from  hmma,  neptrovaiov,  '  peri- 
toneum,'and  payri,  'a  violent  rupture.'  An  ex- 
halation of  blood  into  the  peritoneum. 

HiEMAPH^'IN,  Hamatophcp.'um,  llcemnphce'- 
um,  from  hcBriia,  and  0aiof,  'of  a  dusky  colour.' 
A  term  applied  by  Simon  to  the  brown  colouring 
matter  of  the  blood,  supposed  by  some  to  be  no- 
thing more  than  hajmatin  modified  by  an  alkali. 

H^MAPH'OBUS,  Hamoph'obuf,  from  ha-ma, 
and  (j)olioi,  'dread.'  One  who  has  a  dread  of 
blood  : — who  cannot  look  at  it  without  fainting. 

HiEMAPOPHYSES,  Costal  cartilages,  see 
Costa. 

l\M'SlA.VO'R'\A.,H<Bmatapor'ia,H(ematopor'in, 
OlifjohcB'mia,  Oligm'mia,  from  hcBina,  and  anocoi, 
'  poor.'     Paucity  of  blood.     See  Anaemia. 

H^MAPTYSIS,  Haemoptysis. 

H^MAS,  'atfias,  gcu.  'ai/xaSoi.    A  blood-vessel 

H^M  ASTATIC  A,  Itematostatica. 

H.^MASTAT'ICS,  Hcemastat'ice,  from  hama, 
and  oTaTiKT),  'statics.'  The  ."statics  of  the  blood 
and  blood-vessels  ;  Hemastat'ics. 

HJiMATANAGOGE,  H»matemesis. 

H  ^  M  A  T  A  L'L  0  S  COPY,  HamataUoscop'ia, 
from  hasma,  aWotos,  'different,'  and  a/coirtiv,  'to 
view.'    The  mode  of  distinguishing  different  kinds 
of  blood  from  each  other. — Toddei. 
U^MATANGIONOSUS,  Uamadonosus. 


H.EMATANGIOSIS 


440 


lI.EMATODES 


H^'EMATAXGTOSIS,  Hacmadonosus. 
H/EMATAPOllIA,  Hannaporia. 
II^EMATAPOllRHOSIS,  Cholera. 
IliEMATAPOSTE'MA,  from   limmn,  and  ajroer- 
Tinia,  '  an  abscess.'     An  abscess  which  contains 
bl.x.d. 

II^EMATAULICA,  Vascular  system. 
HiEMATEC'LYSIS,  Ihemotex'ln,  Ha-mntex'is, 
lioimdtiil' ijiIk,  HcBmatosep'sin,  Snti'ijitinis  dinsola'- 
ii'i;  from  ha-nia,  and  ckXvch,  'loosening.'     Disso- 
lution of  the  blood. 

H^EMATEL/EUM,  see  Blood. 
H^MATEM'ESIS,  from  hama,  and  eixco),'! 
vomit.'  H(pniorrliii'r/if>  Nwrniitetu'enin,  Vom'itus 
criieii'tiis,  Willi' it  1(1  seu  Vomit" io  Siin'gninin,  Gos- 
trorrh('(/"ifi,  tfantro-hcBiiiorrkdy"  i<t.  Hcpiii<iirha(j"- 
in  veiitiic' itli ,  Hceniorrhie'a  rentric'nli,  Ho'.matn- 
viigo'ije,  Vomitinij  of  Blood,  (F.)  Hemateiiiese,  Vo- 
wiiicmeiit  de  hiukj.  Ha'uiatenicsis  is  fjenerally 
preceded  by  a  feeling  of  oppression,  weight,  and 
dull  or  pungent  pain  in  the  epigastric  and  in  the 
bypochondriac  regions;  by  anxiety,  and,  occa- 
sionally, by  syncope.  Blood  is  then  passed  by 
vomiting,  and  sometimes,  also,  by  stool, — the  blood 
being  generally  of  a  grunious  aspect,  llaemate- 
niesis  may  be  active  or  passive,  acute  or  chronic. 
The  blood  effused  proceeds  from  rupture  of  vessel, 
or  from  a  sanguineous  exhalation  at  the  sur- 
face of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  stomach. 
It  is  often  observed  in  females  whose  menstrual 
secretion  is  irregularlj'  performed.  It  is  not  of 
much  danger,  except  when  connected  with  dis- 
ease of  some  of  the  solid  viscera  of  the  abdomen. 
On  dissection  of  those  who  have  died  from  pro- 
tracted hijematemesis, — for  the  acute  kind  is  com- 
paratively devoid  of  danger, — the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  stomach  is  found  red  and  inflamed, 
or  black,  and  the  vessels  considerably  dilated. 
Complete  abstinence  from  food;  rest;  the  hori- 
zontal posture  ;  bleeding,  if  the  hemorrhage  be 
active  :  cold,  acidulous  drinks,  &c.,  constitute  the 
usual  treatment. 

HiEMATENCEPHALUM,  Apoplexy. 
H^EMATEPAGOGE,  Congestion. 
HiEMATERA,  Hepatirrhoea. 
H^MATERUS,  Sanguine. 
H/EMATERYTURUM,  Haematin. 
IliEMATEXOSTOSIS,  Osteosarcoma. 
II^MATIIIDROSIS,  Sudor  cruentus. 
ILEMATHORAX,  Hismatothorax. 
HEMATIC,   Sanguine  —  b.  Crystals,  Hasma- 
toidin. 

HiEMATIASIS,  Haematonosus. 
IIjEMAT'ICA,  from  hcema.      Diseases  of  the 
sanguineous   function: — the   third   class   in   the 
nosology  of  Good.     Also,  medicines  that  act  on 
the  blood. — Pereira. 

H.EMATICA  DocTHiNA,  Iltematology. 
H/EMATICUS,  Sanguine. 
II^EMATIDROSIS,  Sudor  cruentus. 
HiE'MATIN,  HcBiiiati'iia,  Hem'atine,  Ha'ma- 
Inxiii,  fiem'atosiiie,  IfcBnuiter'ythrum,  Hasmer'y- 
tlirnm,  Zoohein'otiH,  Hemachio' In,  Hematocro'ine, 
Gll'ddliie,  Plive'  nodi  lie,  Pliw'niciiie,  Hwmato- 
cliro'lte,  Cru'orin,  linhrin,  Gloh'uliii  of  some; 
Rouge  du  Snng  ;  from  hamn.  The  red  colouring 
matter  of  the  blood.  It  resides  in  distinct  parti- 
cles or  globules,  and,  in  the  opinion  of  some  ob- 
servers, in  the  envelope  of  the  globules.  It  ap- 
pears to  be  of  a  peculiar  character,  and  one  that 
lias  not  yet  been  determined  by  the  chemist. 
That  the  colour  of  the  blood  is  not  owing  to  the 
pe-roxide  of  iron  which  it  contains  is  shown  by 
the  fact  mentioned  by  Scherer,  that  he  removed 
the  iron  by  acids,  and  yet  a  deep  red  tincture  was 
formed  when  alcohol  was  added  to  the  residuum. 


IliEMATIX'IC,  Jfaiiialiii'Iciis  :  from  Iwuwtin, 
'the  red  colouring  matter  of  the  lilood.'  An  ngenl 
that  augments  the  number  of  red  corpuscles  of  the 
blood  .^ — Pereira. 

ILEMATIMC  CRYSTALS,  Ihvmatoidin. 
1iJ':MATI>;  US,  Sanguine. 
ILEMATIS'CJIESIS,     JJcennVchesis,    JJcemo. 
cfyjih'iit,  from   hama,  and  (<tx"''>  '  '"   ."suppress.' 
The  retention  or  suppression  of  a  natural  or  arti- 
ficial flow  of  blood. 

ll^EMATISMUS,  Epistaxis,  Ila-morrhagia. 
lliEMATISTII'MUS,  from  hann,,  and  loflfioj, 
'pharynx.'     Heniorrhage  into  the  pharynx. 

II^.MATI'TES,//o>mf/^/'//«,  from  'ui//u,  'blood,' 
Resembling  blood.  Lnpls  Ha-niatl'ttii.  A  beau- 
tiful ore  of  iron,  called  also,  liloodstoiic,  O'chieit 
rubra,  Ox'ydiim  fer'ricum  cri/uialliza'tiim  mili'. 
viim,  Ferriini  HaBinntlteB.  When  finely  levigated, 
and  freed  from  the  grosser  parts,  by  frequent 
washings  with  water,  it  has  been  hjng  recom- 
mended in  hemorrhage,  fluxes,  uterine  obstruc- 
tions, (fee,  in  doses  of  from  one  scruple  to  three  or 
four.  Also,  a  vessel  that  contains  blood,  'ai^art- 
Tii  41)11.^. 

II^EMATMUS,  Gaz  sanguinis. 
II^MATOCATIIAR'TICA,    from  h(Fmn,  and 
KaSapats,  '  ])urification  or  purgation.'     Keuiedies 
for  purifying  the  blood. 

lliEMATOCE'LE,  from  'ai^a,  'atjiaTo;,  'blood,' 
and  Kr)\ri,  'tumour.'  A  tumour  formed  by  blood. 
By  some,  this  term  has  been  applied  to  a  tumour 
formed  by  blood,  effused  into  the  areolar  tcxtnre 
of  the  scrotum.  Others  have  used  it  fur  tumours 
arising  from  effusion  of  blood  into  the  tunica  va- 
ginalis:— haematocele,  according  to  them,  differ- 
ing from  hydrocele,  only  in  the  character  of  the 
eti'usion. — Heister.  Others,  again,  have  applied 
it  to  effusions  of  blood  into  the  interior  of  the 
tunica  albuginea  itself.  —  Richter.  The  first  is 
the  usual  acceptation.  It  is  most  commonly 
caused  by  wounds  or  contusions  ;  and  reijuires 
the  use  of  antiphlogistics,  discutients,  Ac.  Some- 
times it  is  necessarj'to  evacuate  the  effused  blood. 
II^.MATOCELE  AiJTBinosA,  Aneurism. 
IItEMATOCEPH'ALUS,  (F.)  Hematocephnle. 
A  monster  in  which  an  effusion  of  blood  on  the 
brain  has  given  occasion  to  more  or  less  singular 
deformities. 

H^MATO-CEREBRIFORM  DISEASE,  En- 
cephaloid. 

H^MATOCIIE'ZIA,  from  liama,  and  ;^£ja),  'I 
go  to  stool.'     Sedes  cruen'ta,    (Jntiirrliex' in  vera, 
Eiiterorrhfi(j"ia  simplex,    Diarrhre'u  cruenfa  seU 
s(tiigiiiiioleii't<t,H(s'iii<itti-diarrIi(e'<i,Htr.i>i»^rh(i(/"- 
ia  iiitestiiio'rum,  En'tero-li<Eniorih(i<j"iii,  (F.)  Hi- 
morrliuijie  den  intestins,  Econlement  de  sang  par 
I'liitestin.     Discharge  of  blood   by  stool.     See 
Melsena. 
Il^MATOCIIROiTE,  Ilicmatin. 
lliEMATOClIYSIS,  H»morrhagia. 
IIiEMATOC(E'LIA,   from   htsma,  and   xoiXia, 
'the  cavity  of  the  abdomen.'     Efl'usion  of  blood 
into  the  abdomen. 

H^MATOCOL'PUS,  from  hama,  and  KoUoi, 
'  vagina.'  Effusion  of  blood  into  the  vagina. 
Accumulation  of  blood,  owing  to  occlusion  of  the 
vagina. 

II^EMATOCRYSTALLTN,  IlEematoidin. 
H^MATOCYANOPATIIIA,  Cyanopathy. 
II^MATOCYANOSIS,  Cyanopathy. 
IliEMATOCYSTE,  llicmatoina  saccatum. 
IliE.MATOCYST'IS,   from   hu'in't,  and  xuanj, 
'bladder.'     Hemorrhage  into  the  bladder. 

HiEMATO'DES,  HamntoVden,  Smignin'eut, 
Hcb' niatoid,  Hem'atold,  from  hegmn,  and  ctio{, 
'  appearance.'  That  which  contains  blood,  or  has 
the  character  of  blood. 


lI.EMATODIARRIKEA 


441 


n.EMATORRHCEA 


IIvKMATODES  FuNOCS,  Hamntomy'cen,  Fi(ngns 
Cdiicro'iitu  /icBiiKito'den,  Melee' na/iint/n' Ha  carciiio'- 
ilcH,  Atii/Klioxjjoii't/iiH,  Aiiyioiiii/'ces,  llminatoHpoii'- 
(jiiH,  Tumor fiiiiijii'HHH  Kaiir/tiiu'eiiH  seu  aiiom'dlns, 
t'lircino'iiKi  J/fKiiKito'ileH,  C'drciiin'nia  Sji'iiij/io'- 
niiin,  S/jiiii'</oid  iitjlnintnntlon,  l'ulj)i/  or  Med'ul- 
buij  Snrcu'iiia,  IlUfdiu')  Fiiikjhh,  Soft  Cuncer,  (F.) 
Ciirciii/tiin: naiKj/iiiit,  IIeni((t(iii(:i'e/oii;/o'ide.  An  ex- 
tremuly  aliiriiiiiig  carcinomatous  afffction,  which 
was  first  described,  with  accuracy,  by  Mr.  John 
liiirns,  of  GliiHgow.  It  consists  in  the  devehi|)- 
liient  of  cancerous  tumours,  in  which  the  inthiui- 
iiialion  is  accompanied  with  violent  heat  and  pain, 
and  witli  fungus  and  bleeding  excrescences.  Even 
when  the  diseased  part  is  extirpated  at  a  very 
c:irly  period,  recovery  rarely  follows ;  other  or- 
fjans  being  generally  implicated  at  the  same  time. 
I'ungus  hiematodes  was  the  term  fir.^t  applied  to 
the  disease  by  Mr.  Hey  of  Leeds.  Mr.  J.  Burns 
called  it  Spmiyoid  injluinmatiun,  from  the  spongy, 
clastic  feel,  which  peculiarly  characterizes  it,  and 
continues  even  after  ulceration  has  taken  place. 
The  disease  has,  most  frequently,  been  met  with 
in  the  eyel)all,  the  upper  and  lower  extremities, 
testicle  and  mamma;  but  it  occurs  in  the  uterus, 
ovary,  liver,  si)leen,  brain,  lungs,  thyroid  gland, 
and  in  the  hi[)  and  shoulder-joint. 

Some  French  surgeons  designate,  by  this  name, 
tliose  tumours  which  were  formerly  termed  onor- 
vi'dvs,  citVfriieuxKx,  vnrlqneutee,  called  Erectilea 
by  Dupuytren,  Hematunciea,  by  Alibert,  and  Te- 
liiiiij!ettiini(B  by  Gr'afe. 

lliEMATODIARKHCEA,  ITrematochezia. 

ILEMATODYNAMOMETEU,II;cmadynamo- 
meter. 

H/EMATOaASTER.  from  hcBinn,  and  yaarnp, 
'stomach.'     Effusion  of  blood  into  the  stomach. 

II^P^MATOGENETICA,  IliBmatopoetica. 

II^MATOGLOBULIN,  see  Globules  of  the 
blood. 

H.EMATOGRA'PIirA,  Hamatof/'rapJn/,  from 
hremn,  and  youtpii,  'a  description.'  A  description 
of  the  blood. 

II/EMATOID,  Ilajmatodes. 

ILEMATOID'IN,  Hwrnntncryn'talUn,  HcBmn- 
tia'ic,  hcpmiitip,  hmmin  or  b/ood  crystals,  (F.) 
Hi'niiitindhie,  Crystnux  d'  ffemafhie.  A  substance 
found  in  the  midst,  or  in  the  vicinity,  of  efl'usions 
of  blood,  which  is  either  in  amorphous  masses, 
or,  more  frequently,  in  minute  rhomboidal  crys- 
tals, or  in  line  needles.  It  is  considered  to  be 
lii'matosin  separated  from  the  globules  of  the 
blood,  and  passed  from  the  state  of  a  non-crystal- 
lizablo  organic  substance  to  one  of  a  crystalline 
chemical  compound. 

H ,E M  ATOL'OG Y,  HemnUd'ogy, IT(Bmafolog"!a, 
IftriiKtt'icn  doclri'na,  (¥.)Hctnat(jti>i)ie,  from  licBiiia, 
and  \oyu<,  'a  discourse.'  That  part  of  medicine 
which  treats  of  the  blood. 

n,K\rAroi.ofjy,  Patholog"ical,  (F.)  Hemntolo- 
gie  p(((hol(i(/ii[iie.  Observation  of  the  blood  to 
detect  its  varying  characters  in  disease. 

H.'EMATOL'YSES,  (G.)  H  a  m  atoly  s  e  n, 
from  hcpnin,  and  Aditk,  'solution.'  An  order  of 
diseases  in  which  tlicie  is  diminished  coagulabi- 
lity of  the  blood.— Fuchs. 

ir.EMATOLYSIS.  Ilivjmateclysis. 

II.EMATOLYTICUM.  Spaniemic. 

II.E!\IAT0'M.\,  ThroDibim,  Tumor  sangui'n'eiis. 
A  bloody  tumour,  especially  of  the  scalp  of  the 
Uew-born. 

II.t;MA.To'sfA  Sacca'tum.  An  encysted  tumour 
Containing  blood — Harndtorys'le. 

H.EMATOMANTI'A,  from  haemn,  and  ^avrua, 
'divination.'     Judgment  of  disease  from  the  ap- 
pearance of  the  blood. 
UJE.MATOMATRA,  Metrorrhagia. 


I  H^MATOMETACHYSIS,  Transfusio  san- 
guinis. 

HiEMATOMETRA,  Metrorrhagia. 

HyEMATOMMA,  Huemophthalmia. 

H^EMATOMPIIALOCE '  LE,  Hcematom'pha- 
lioii,  Hcpiinttoiiijihn'lus,  from  hanta,  OfiipoKoi,  'the 
navel,' and  K-n\r),  'a  tumour.'  Umbilical  hernia, 
the  sac  of  which  encloses  a  bloody  serum,  or 
which  has,  at  its  surface,  a  number  of  varicose 
veins;  constituting  Vnricum'phalits. 

H^EMATOMPHALUJI,  Ilajmatomphalocele. 

H^EMATOMYCES,  lliuraatodes  fungus. 

HyEMATON'CUS,  (F.)//<'ma^oHc;«,  from  Jicema, 
and  oy<os,  'a  tumour.'  Alibert  has  given  this 
name  to  NcBvi  mutf.r'ni,  Varicose  tumours.  He 
admits  three  varieties:  —  the  H.  fomjo'ide,  H. 
framboisee,  and  H.  tubereuse. 

H^^MATON'OSUS,  Ilamnti'asis,  Hwmatnpa- 
thi'u,  Hoiiuvpathi'a,  from  ficenta,  and  vuaog,  'dis- 
ease.' A  disease  of  the  blood.  A  hteiaie  or 
blood-disease. 

IlyEMATOPATHIA,  Hajmatonosus. 

HyEMATOPEDESIS,  see  Diapedesis. 

H  lE  M  A  T  0  P  E  R I  C  A  R'D  I  U  M,  from  hcema, 
and  7r£p(ica,;(5(ov, 'pericardium.'  Effusion  of  blood 
into  the  pericardium. 

HiEMATOPII^UM,  Hjemaphaiin. 

ILEMATOPHIL'IA,  HaemophiVia,  Hamorrho- 
phil'ii(,/diosyiicra'sialia:>iiiirrhag"ica,  from  hcenia, 
and  0iA£w,  '  I  love.'     A  hemorrhagic  diathesis. 

HJ^.MATOPIILEBES'TASIS.  Sudden  sup- 
pression of  a  hemorrhage;  —  from  arnat;  'aifiaros 
0A£/?wv,  'suppression  of  the  blood  of  the  veins.' — 
Galen. 

H^MATOPHOB'TA,  Ihemophob'ia,  from  hce- 
mo,  and  0o/Jo?,  'dread.'  Dread  or  horror  at  the 
sight  of  blood,  producing  syncope,  <fec. 

H^.MATOPHTHALMIA,  Hiemophthalmia. 

HiEMATOPH'TIIORES,  (G.)  Hamatoph- 
thoren;  from  hcBiua,  and  (^dopa,  'corruption.' 
An  order  of  diseases  in  the  classification  of  Fuchs, 
in  which  the  blood  is  materially  altered  in  com- 
position, as  in  typhus. 

HiEMATOP'ISIS,  (F.)  Hemntopisie.  M.  Ca- 
puron,  of  Paris,  has  applied  the  term  Beniatopisie 
uteriue,  from  analogy  with  Hydmplsie  uterine,  to 
a.  collection  of  blood  which  sometimes  takes  place 
in  the  uterus,  when,  owing  to  faulty  conforma- 
tion, the  exit  of  the  menstrual  flux  is  prevented. 

H^MATOPLA'NIA,  Ilamntophme'sis,  from 
hamn,  and  nXavri,  'wandering.'  A  vicarious  he- 
morrhage. 

HjEmatoplania  Menstrualis,  Menstruation, 
vicarious. 

H^MATOPLASMA,  Liquor  sanguinis. 

H^MATOPLETHORA,  Plethora. 

H.EMATOP(EA.  Hasmatopoetica. 

H/EMATOPOESIS,  IlKmatosis. 

HiEMATOPOET'ICA,  Hcemntopce'n,  Hamato- 
getiet'icn,  '  bloodmakers,'  from  hcema,  and  Tzotiia, 
'I  make.'  Agents  that  favour  hismatosis.  Iron 
was  called  by  the  ancients  metal'luui  hesmatopoet'- 
icnm, 

H^MATOPOIESIS,  Haematosis. 

H^MATOPORIA,  Hwmaporia. 

H^EMATOPS,  Hajmophthalraia. 

H^EMATOPSIA,  llKmophthnlmia. 

HiEMATOPTYSIA,  Haemoptysis. 

H.EMATOPTYSIS,  Hemoptysis. 

HiEMATORRHACHIS,  Apoplexia  myelitica. 

H^EMATORRHAGIA,  Hicmorrhagia. 

H^EMATORRIICEA,  Uxmorrhugia. 


HiEMATORRHOSIS 


4  42 


IliEMOMETRECTASIA 


H.EMATORRIIOSIS,  Cholera. 

IL'I'iMATORRHYSlS,  llxmorrhngia. 

H-:EMAT0SCIIE0CE'LE,//ffimosc/tcoce7e,2?<E- 
mntox'clieiiin,  from  hmma,  oaxi-ov,  'scrotum,'  and 
(C17X17,  'rupture.'  Effusion  of  blood  into  the  scro- 
tum. 

IIJilMATOSCHEUM,  Hsematoscheocele. 

IliEMATOSCOP'IA,  Hcenwxcop'ia,  (F.)  Hemor- 
rJiomopie,  from  ha;i}ia,  and  er/forta),  '  I  view.'  An 
examination  of  blood  drawn. 

H/EMATOSEl'SIS,  Ilaematcclysis. 

IlyEMATOSIN,  Ha;matin. 

H^EMATO'SIS,  ExcBiitato'sis,  EnhcBmato'sis, 
H(Bi»atnpi>ie'iii&,  Hamalopoe'sis,  Procrea'tio  san- 
guinis, Decarhoniza' tion  or  AtnwHphei'iza' tioii  of 
the  blood,  Sunguifica'tion ;  from  liama.  The 
traufforraation  of  the  venous  blood  and  chyle 
into  arterial  blood  by  respiration.  Called,  also, 
Aei-iitian,  'AwA  Artcrializu'tion,  of  the  blood.  For- 
mation of  blood  in  general. 

H/EMATOSPILIA,  Purpura  haemorrhagica. 

H-EMATOSPONGUS,  Ha;matodes  fungus. 

liiEMATOSTAT'ICA,  from  hesitin,  and  araTiKn, 
'statics.'  hchfE'iiiia,  IIcBiiinHtat'ica,  I/cBimttostat'- 
ics,  HaimoHtril'icK,  HeiXKtoxtiit'ics,  Hv/iiontat' icn, 
EiKB'ina,  (F.)  lIciiKitontotiques,  Hemaetriliqiies, 
MSmostatiquen.  The  doctrine  of  the  motion  of 
the  blood  in  living  bodies.  Also,  remedies  for 
stopping  blood.     Styptics. 

HiEMATOS'TEON,  from  hcBuin,  and  oittcov,  'a 
bone.'    Etfiision  of  blood  into  the  bones  or  joints. 

II .EMATOSYM PHORESIS,  Congestion. 

IliEMATOSYNAGOGE,  Congestion. 

II^-MATOTELANGIOSIS,  Telangiectasia. 

IliEMATOTHO'RAX,  Iftsmctho'rax,  Hcemo- 
iho'rctx,  HeBDiop'ti/sis  intcr'iia,  Pleiirorrhoe'it  ean- 
giiin'en,Pleuror7-h(ig" i<i,Piieiitiiorrhnj"'i(i  inter' na, 
JIemorrhti(/"ic  Ph.ii'  liny.  Pleural  hem'orrhaije, 
from  hceiiia,  and  6wpa|,  'the  chest.'  Extravasa- 
tion of  blood  into  the  chest. 

H^MATOXYLON,  II.  Campechianum. 

HiEMATOX'YLON  CAMPECHIA'NUM, 
from  hwiiia,  and  ^vXov,  '  wood.'  Aca'cia  Zeylon'ica, 
Logwodd.  The  part  of  the  tree  used  in  medicine 
is  the  wood,  HcBtnatox'nU  Lignum,  Lignum  Cam- 
pechen'se  seu  Campechia'num  seu  Catiipesca'inim 
seu  lu'dicmn  seu  Snppnn  seu  Brasilia'num  ru- 
brum  seu  cmrn'lenin,  IIcBmatox'yl'in  (Ph.  U.  S.), 
(F.)  Bois  de  Campc.che.  Family,  Leguminos.T3. 
Sex.  Synt.  Deeandria  Monogynia.  Logwood  is 
almost  inodorous;  of  a  sweetish,  subastringent 
taste;  and  deep  red  colour.  Its  virtues  are  ex- 
tracted both  by  water  and  alcohol.  It  is  astrin- 
gent and  tonic,  and  is  used  in  the  protracted 
stage  of  diarrhoea  and  dysentery. 

ILEMATOZO'A,  (F.)  BSmafozonires,  from 
hcBma,  and  ^uiov,  'animal.'    Entozoain  the  blood. 

H.^MATURESIS,  Ilaematuria. 

H^MATU'RIA,  Hmmnture'xiH,  from  hama, 
and  ovftiai,  '1  make  urine.'  Voiding  of  blood  by 
urine.  Hamorrhtufin  hmmatu'ria,  H.  c.r  viis 
icrinn'riis,  HcRmure' sis,  Hmmu'ria,  3/ictio  Cruen'ta 
seu  Sanguiii'ea,  3tii:tua  Cruen'tus  seu  Sanguineus, 
Hmmori-hte.'a  via'rum  nrinaria'rum,  Sanguis  in 
Uri'na,  Bloody  urine,  (P.)  Piesement  de  Sang, 
Hematurie.  Hemorrhage  from  the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  urinary  passages.  Like  other  he- 
morrhages, it  may  be  active  or  passive.  It  may 
proceed  from  the  kidneys,  Nephr<emorrhag"ia, 
bladder,  or  urethra.  The  essential  symptoms 
are: — blood,  evacuated  by  the  urethra;  preceded 
by  pain  in  the  region  of  the  bladder  or  kidneys, 
and  accompa'nicd  by  faintness.  Whenccsoever 
it  proceeds,  bjematuria  usually  takes  place  by 
exhalation.     Rupture  of  vessels  is  by  no  means  I 


common  in  the  mucous  membrane.''.  Avtire  ha. 
maluria  requii'os  general  or  local  blood-loltiiig; 
diluent  and  cooling  drinks;  alisolulc  res( ;  mid 
the  horizontal  posture.  The  chronic  kind  \a 
more  troublesome.  It  requires  acidulated  or 
aluminous  drinks;  chalybeates  and  tonics  in 
general.  When  haematuria  is  excessive,  cold 
injections  may  be  thrown  into  the  rectum  or  into 
the  vagina  of  women,  and  topical  applications  be 
made  to  the  perinaum. 

HjEMATURIA  CvsriCA,  Cystorrhagia — h.  Ejacu- 
latoria,  Spertnatot^ystidorrhagia — h.  Seniinalia, 
Spermatocystidorrhagia — h.  Stillatilia,  Uretliror- 
rhagia. 

HvEMATUS,  from  hcemn,  and  out,  gen.  uroj, 
'the  ear.'     Effusion  of  blood  into  the  ear. 

lI.EMAXIS,  Blood-letting. 

II/EMEXCEPHALUS,  Apoplexy. 

H^<;MEXD0CAR'I)1UM,  (F.)  IL'meudocarrle, 
from  hcema,  and  'endocardium,'  the  lining  iiu-ui- 
brane  of  the  heart.  Inflammation  of  the  lining 
membrane  of  the  heart. 

HyEMERYTHRUM,  II»matin. 

H^iEMlC,  I/w'micus,  from  hainia,  'blood.'  Re- 
lating or  appertaining  to  blood;  as  a  "ha;iiii(j 
disease," — a  blood  disease. 

HyEMIDROSIS,  see  Diapedesis. 

H.^.MIN  CRYSTALS,  see  Ilajmatoidin. 

H^MLSCHESIS,  Hicmatischesis. 

HiEMI'TIS,  from  'ai//a,  'blood,'  and  itis,  a 
suffix  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of 
the  blood.  (P.)  Hemite.  The  alteration  of  tho 
blood  that  occurs  in  inflammatory  diseases. — 
Piorry. 

HiEMO-ARTHRITIS,  Rheumatism  (acute). 

II^EM0CARD10RRHAG"IA, //a»)ocn,'(//Hm, 
Apoplex'ia  cordis.  Apoplexy  of  the  heart,  (F.) 
Hemorrhagic  ou  A^wplexie  dn  Coeur,  lUinocnrde, 
from  hcBma,  Kap6ia,  'the  heart,'  and  'pnyvu/it,  '  1 
break  forth.'  Eh'usion  of  blood  into  the  substance 
of  the  heart. 

H^EMOCARDIUM,  Hsemocardiorrhagia. 

II^.MOCERCH'NOS.  This  term  has  received 
two  acceptations,  owing  to  the  different  senses 
in  which  Kip)(^voi  is  emplojed;  signifying,  fome- 
times,  hissing;  .at  others,  dry.  Consequently, 
the  Hellenists  have  translated  the  compound 
word,  at  times,  by  spitting  of  blood,  with  hissing 
in  the  throat;  at  others,  by  evacuation  of  dry 
matters. 

HiEMOCRYPHIA,  IlEematischesis. 

HiEMODES,  Sanguine. 

HiEMO'DIA,  Hamodias'mus,  Ihmo'dia,  He- 
betu'do  seu  Stupor  Den'tium,  from  'ainuitw,  ('ai//a, 
'blood,' and  oSovs,  'tooth,')  'I  have  pain  in  the 
teeth.'  Pain  in  the  teeth,  and  more  ci^pecially 
Agacemcnt,  or  the  setting  on  edge  of  those  bodies 
by  acid  or  acerb  substances.  It  is  also  called 
Odon'tia  Stupo'ris,  OdontaVgia  hamo'dia.  Dolor 
den'tium  d  strido're,  Gataplcx'is,  Odontamblyug'- 
mus,  Odonlhyperasthe'sis,  Tooth-edge. 

HiEMODIASMUS,  llaemodia. 

H^MODROMOM'ETER,  Hamodromom'eler, 
from  hcBnia,  ijiofxog,  'course,'  and  ptcTpov.  'a  mea- 
sure.' An  instrument  for  measuring  the  rate  of 
the  blood's  movement.  It  consists  of  a  glass 
tube,  52  inches  long,  containing  water,  bent  into 
the  form  of  a  hair-pin,  which  is  substituted  for  a 
segment  of  the  bloodvessel,  the  velocity  of  tlio 
blood  in  which  it  is  required  to  measure.  The 
column  of  blood,  which  comes  from  the  heart, 
pushes  the  column  of  water  before  it,  ami  thus 
enables  the  velocity  of  the  blood  to  be  estimated. 

H^EMOiDES,  Sanguine. 

IliEMOiMETRECTA'SIA,  from  hama,  (irirpa, 


lI.EMOPATIIIA 


443 


H^MORRHAGIA 


'uterus,'  and  eKraan,  'dilatation.'  Dilatation  of 
the  womi)  from  ''hr  d. 

IL'E.MOPATIIIA,  lliBmntonosus. 

lliE.MOl'KRICAR'DIUM,  Pericirdi'th  exm- 
ddlo'rid,  (F.j  Hemojjericarde,  from  'aifta,  'blood,' 
and  pciiiardium.  Eflusion  of  blood  into  the 
puricurdiuin. 

H^EMOPERITON^'UM,  from  hama,  and 
iteiiiTov<uoi,  '  pcritoueuiu.'  Effusion  of  blood  into 
the  pcritonoum. 

HAiMOl'EX'I^,  (G.)  II  ii  ni  o  p  e  X  i  e  n  ,  from 
Itmma,  and  7rf;f(f,  'coagulation.'  An  order  of 
disuiL-^es  in  which  there  is  increased  coagulabi- 
lity of  the  blood.  —  Ilyperiiio'aia  van'yuinia. — 
Fiichs. 

IliEMOPIIEUM,  Ilaemaphein. 

II/EMOl'IIILIA,  IhL-matopliilia. 

liyh;M0PII01iIA,  Ilisumatophobia. 

ILEMOPIITIIAL  '  MIA,  IJai.iatophthal'  min, 
JlcEiiifitdp'nid,  from  JxBiiKi,  and  o^tjQaXjioi,  'eye.' 
}/(B>ii((lo'pia,  II(Bmal<i'j)in,  H(b' iiidlopi,  Hijjjcb' iiila 
seu  Apiiplex'ia  oc'iili.  Effusion  of  blood  into  the 
eye.  When  the  e.\travasation  is  external,  it  is 
called  Haiiii(>2>hth<il'mia  exier'ua,  Hi/posj)h'i;/'nia 
and  HamnldpH  exteriiHs ;  when  internal,  HfEmoph- 
tliid'mia  ititer'iia,  Hijdrophthfd'iiiHS  crnen'tiiD,  IIij- 
pijcli'i/nin  hcBinato'dex,  Hainatom'ma,  and  Uas'ina- 
lops  inter' iiKH.     A  blood-shot  eye. 

ILEMOPLANIA  xMENSTRUALIS,  Menstrua- 
tion, vicarious. 

HiEMOPLETIIORA,  Plethora. 

ILEMOPROCTIA,  Iltemorrhois. 

Tl/EMOPTOE,  Ilremoptysis  —  h.  Laryngea  et 
Trachealis,  Triicheorrhagia. 

HiExMO PTOSIS,  IliBmoptysis. 

HiEMOP'TYSIS,  from  heema,  and  7rr«(o,  'I 
Bpit.'  Spittiiiy  of  blood,  HtBinorrhag" ia  HcBinop'- 
tysis,  N(Biiiii/j'(ijil>i,  lIcBtnntoptyH'ia,  HcRinntop'- 
tynin,  Knip'toe,  Eiiiop'toe,  Eitipto'ica  pan'sio,  HcB- 
^niiptijn' iiinii,  HcBinoplo'nis,  iSpiilnm  suny' iiiiiis  seu 
cruen'tiiin,  San'giiiiiin  Jiuor  piilnto'num,  Eniopto'- 
icn  pas'sio,  llaemotiis' inus,  Hamorrhte' a  pulmoiia' - 
lia,  Orueii'ta  ej.-spiii'tiu,  IIcBinorrhag" ia  puhno'iiis 
seu  broii'chicii,  Pan'mo  hcBtnopto'ica,  Jiejec'tio 
aany' uiiiih  e  pnliiio' iiibiix,  Ejpectord'tio  suny'uinie, 
Pueuiiwirli(iy"ia,l'neuiiH>norr]L(iij"  ia,PiieHmonor- 
rhai'a,  /iroiicliorrJiay" id,  EinpUysis,  HcBniop'toe, 
(F.)  Hemopti/nie,  Crnchemoit  de  saiiy,  E.tpeftora- 
tiun  de  fitoiy,  Anyiairhemie,  Anyiairrhayic,  Hemo- 
aiiyioirrhayie.  —  Piorry.  Hemorrhage  from  the 
mucous  membrane  of  the  lungs;  characterized 
bj'  the  expectoration  of  more  or  less  florid  and 
frothy  blood.  It  is  generally  preceded  by  cough; 
dyspnoea;  sense  of  heat  in  the  chest,  &c.  It  is 
important  to  discriminate  between  hajmoptysis, 
produced  by  some  accidental  cause  acting  irre- 
gularly or  periodically  on  the  lungs;  and  that 
which  is,  as  it  were,  constitutional,  and  dependent 
on  some  organic  afl'ection  of  the  lungs,  or  some 
faulty  cont'ormation  of  the  chest.  These  two 
varieties  differ  as  much  in  their  prognosis  and 
method  of  treatment  as  in  their  causes.  Consti- 
tutional hajmoptysis  is  a  serious  disease,  almost 
always  announcing  phthisis  pulmonalis.  The  ac- 
cidental variety  is  chiefly  dangerous  by  frequent 
recurrence,  or  too  great  loss  of  blood. 

The  general  causes  of  hajmoptysis  are  the  same 
as  those  of  other  kinds  of  hemorrhage.  It  has, 
besides,  particular  causes;  such  as  too  great  ex- 
ercise of  the  lungs;  loud  speaking;  playing  on 
wind  instruments,  breathing  acrid  vapours,  &c. 
It  usually  occurs  between  puberty  and  the  age 
of  155.  A  suilden  and  terrific  kind  of  haemoptysis 
is  sometimes  met  with;  consisting  in  a  great 
af&ux  of  blood  to  the  lungs.  This  has  been 
called  Pul'mniinry  Ap'ophxy,  Apoplex'ia  puliiio- 
Ha'lis  seu  pulino' Hum,  PueuiuorrlMy"ia,  Injure' tua 


liCBmnrrTiny" icus pulmo'iutm,  I.  liamopto'icus  Lnen- 
iiec'ii,  (F.)  Apnplexie  pnhnonaire,  IJemoptysie  fou- 
droynntc,  Hemorrhay'ie  interstitielle  dii  Pouinon. 
Infiltration  of  blood  into  the  air-cells  may  occur 
without  any  hsemoptysis. 

Physical  siyns.  Percussion  may  not  always 
aid  us  in  haemoptysis,  but  generally  a  circum- 
scribed dulness  will  be  perceived.  The  inspira- 
tor}' murmur,  on  auscultation,  is  feeble  or  absent, 
locally  ;  and  is  replaced  by  bronchial  respiration 
and  bronchopihony.  A  fine  liquid  crepitus  is  de- 
tected around  the  affected  part;  and  in  the  larger 
tubes,  near  the  spine,  a  liquid  bubbling  rhonchus 
is  usually  heard.  The  value  of  these  signs  is  de- 
termined bj'  the  nature  of  the  expectoration.  The 
treatment  of  hfemoptysis  must  be  like  that  of  in- 
ternal hemorrhage  in  general. 

HEMOPTYSIS  Interna,  Hsematothorax — h.  La- 
ryngea  et  Trachealis,  Tracheorrhagia — h.  Phthi- 
sis, Phthisis  pulmonalis. 

H^MOPTYSMUS,  Haemoptysis. 

H.EMORMESIS,  Congestion,  Hyperoemia. 

II.EMORRHACHIS,  Apoplexia  myelitica. 

HAEMORRHAGE,  Ilwmorrhagia. 

IIJEMORRHAG"IA,  from  Jiama,  and  pvyvviJi, 
'  I  break  forth.'  San'yuinis pi-ojlu'viiim  copio'snni, 
Sanyui flux' Its,  Hamutoch'ysis,  Aimorrhie'a,  HcB- 
nwrrhce'a,  ffcBmatorrhay"ia,  TJtBmatis'mns,  Hce- 
matnrrhoe'a,  Hep.nmtor'rhysis,  Ilaimorr'hysis,  Pro- 
Jin' viuni  seu  Prorup'tio  seu  Erupt  in  sanyniiiiSf 
Profu'sio  Snny'uinis,  Hern'orrhage,  IJepmorrhuyp, 
Bleeding,  Loss  of  blood,  Rnpttiring,  bursting,  or 
breaking  of  a  blood-vessel,  (Prov.)  Floating,  (P.) 
Heniorrhagie  ou  Hentorhagie,  Pertc  de  sany.  Flux 
de  sany.  Any  discharge  of  blood  from  vessels 
destined  to  contain  it;  with  or  without  rupture  of 
their  coats.  Hemorrhages  may  be  spontaneous  or 
traumatic :  the  first  belong  to  the  domain  of  me- 
dicine, the  latter  to  that  of  surgery.  They  may, 
also,  be  internal  or  external;  yeneral — ^  as  in 
scurvy — or  local.  The  liemorrhayes  by  exhalation 
—  those  which  chieily  interest  the  physician  — 
have  been  classed,  by  Pinel,  as  follows:  —  1.  He- 
morrhage of  the  3fucous  3[embranes ;  Epistaxis, 
IlEemoptysis,  Haematemesis,  Haemorrhoids,  He- 
maturia, Uterine  Hemorrhage.  2.  Hemorrhage  of 
the  Tissues ;  Cutaneous,  Cellular,  Serous,  Synovial. 

Hemorrhages  have  generall.y  been  distinguished 
into  oc^/i'e  and  ji»(«s/()e  ;  in  other  words  into  those 
dependent  upon  augmentation  of  the  organic  ac- 
tions, and  those  dependent  upon  debility.  Ac- 
cording to  Broussais,  no  spontaneous  hemorrhage 
is  passive;  all  are  active,  —  that  is,  produced  by 
increased  action  and  excess  of  irritation  of  th.e 
blood-vessels  :  they  may  occur  with  debility,  but 
not  from  debility.  He  calls  those  only  passive 
hemorrhages,  which  are  owing  to  an  external 
lesion  of  the  vessels.  Hemorrhages  have  been, 
by  some,  divided  into  cotistitutional,  or  those  de- 
pending on  original  conformation:  —  accidental, 
or  those  produced  by  some  adventitious  cause; 
supplementary,  or  those  which  succeed  others; 
symptomatic,  critical.  Sec.  A  secondary  hemor- 
rhaye  is  one  that  occurs  some  time  after  wounds 
or  operations. 

When  hemorrhage  takes  place  into  any  tissue, 
or  is  interstitial,  it  receives  the  name,  with  many, 
of  apoplexy. 

Active  Hemorrhage,  Hemorrhag"ia  acti'va  sen 
arterio'sa,  Cauma  h(Fmorrhay'icum,  Angeior- 
rhag"ia,  occurs  chiefly  in  the  young  and  pletho- 
ric. Good  living;  the  use  of  fermented  liquor — ■ 
excessive  exercise,  or  too  sedentary  a  life,  may 
perhaps  be  ranked  as  predisponent  causes.  It  is 
commonly  preceded  by  heaviness  and  pulsation 
in  the  part,  —  owing  to  the  afflux  of  blood  and 
consequent  hyperemia, — and  by  coldness  of  the 
extremities.     The  blood,  evacuated,  is  generally 


H.EMORRIIINIA 


444 


n.EMORRHOIS 


of  a  florid  red.  In  such  active  hemorrhages,  the 
great  indications  of  treatment  will  be,  to  dimi- 
nish plethora  where  it  exists,  and  to  lessen  the 
heart's  action.  Bleeding,  purgatives,  and  cold, 
will  be  the  chief  agents. 

Pansive  Hemorrhage,  H(F»iorrhng"ia  panni'va 
seu  veuo'aa,  Pnifii'isio.  P.  fiamorrhi(;/"ica,  occurs 
in  tliose  of  weak  constitution  ;  or  who  have  been 
di'bilitated  by  protracted  disease,  poor  diet,  long 
watching,  excessive  evacuations,  &c. 

Tlie  direct  cawieii  may  be: — previous  active 
hemorrhage ;  scorbutus,  or  any  thing  capable  of 
inducing  atony  or  asthenic  hypera.'mia  of  the 
small  vessels.  These  hemorrhages  are  not  pre- 
ceded by  excitement  or  by  any  signs  of  local  de- 
t^'rmination.  They  are  usually  accompanied  by 
paleness  of  the  countenance  ;  feeble  pulse  ;  faint- 
ing, <tc.  The  indications  of  treatment  will  be: — 
to  restore  the  action  of  the  small  vessels  and  the 
general  tone  of  the  system :  hence  the  utility  of 
styptics  and  cold  externally  ;  and  of  tonics  and 
astringents,  creasote,  mineral  acids,  &c.,  inter- 
nally. Hemorrhage  also  occurs  from  mechanical 
hyperaemia,  as  when  haemoptysis  is  produced  by 
tubercles  in  the  lungs:  ha;matemesis  by  disease 
of  S(mie  of  the  solid  viscera  of  the  abdomen,  &o. 

In  TroniiKitic  Hemorrhages,  or  those  which  are 
the  consequences  of  wounds  of  arterial  or  venous 
trunks,  the  blood  is  of  a  florid  red  colour,  and 
if  sues  by  jets  and  pulses,  if  it  proceed  from  an 
artery;  whilst  it  is  of  a  deeper  red,  issues  slowly 
and  by  a  continuous  flow,  if  from  a  vein.  If  the 
Ciipillary  vessels  be  alone  divided,  the  blood  is 
merely  effused  at  the  surface  of  the  wound.  Of 
the  means  used  for  arresting  these  traumatic  he- 
morrhages, some  act  mechanically  as  ahsorbeniK, 
ligature,  and  compression  ;  others  chymically,  as 
Jire,  caustics,  ycreasofe,  astringents,  &c. 

HvEMonRHAOiA  AcTiVA  Narium,  Epistaxis  — 
h.  Bronchica,  Haemoptysis — h.  Cerebri,  Apoplexy 
• — h.  per  Cutem,  Sudor  cruentus  —  h.  per  Dia?re- 
sin,  see  Diaeresis — h.  per  Diapedesin,  Diapedesis — 
h.  Faueium,  Stomatorrhagia — h.  Gingivarum, 
TTlorrhagia — h.  Haematemesis,  Haematemesis — h. 
Ilaematuria,  Haematuria  —  h.  Haemoptysis,  Hae- 
nioptysis  —  h.  Hepatica,  Ilepathaemorrhagia  —  h. 
Ilopatis,  Hepatorrhagia  —  h.  Intestinorum,  Hae- 
inatochezia — h.  Mucosa,  see  Hmmorrhois— h.  Na- 
bothi,  see  Parturition — h.  Narinea,  Epistaxis — h. 
Narium,  Epistaxis — h.  Oris,  Stomatorrhagia — h. 
Penis,  Stimatosis — h.  Pulmonis,  Haemoptysis — h. 
I'enura,  Nephrorrhagia — h.  Universalis,  Purpura 
hicraorrhagica- -h.  Uterina,  Metrorrhagia  —  h. 
Yentriculi,  Haematemesis  —  h.  Vesicae,  Cystorr- 
hasia. 

H/EMORRHINTA.  Epistaxis. 

HiEMORRHINORRlIAGIA,  Epistaxis. 

HvEMORRHCE'A,  from  hama,  and  peo),  'I  flow.' 
H(P,morrhag"ia,  Loss  of  hltmd.  Some  writers 
have  proposed  to  restrict  this  name  to  passive 
hemorrhages. 

H^MORRHfEA  Petechiams,  Purpura  haemor- 
rbiigica — h.Pulmonalis,  Haemoptysis — h.  Uterina, 
Metrorrhagia  —  h.  Vasorum  haimorrhoidalium, 
ILemorrhois  —  h.  Ventriculi,  Haematemesis  —  h. 
Yiarum  urinarium,  Haematuria. 

H.EMORRHOI'DAL.  Hemorrhoi'dal,  Haimor. 
rhovia'lis,  Hcemorrhoi'deus.  Relating  to  hemor- 
rhoids :  as  hemorrhoidal  Jlux,  hemorrhoidal  tn- 
tiiinira,  <fcc. 

Hkmorrhoidal  Auterirs  have  been  distin- 
gnisiied  into  superior,  middle,  and  inferior.  1. 
The  first  is  the  termination  of  the  inferior  me- 
senteric artery,  which  assumes  the  name  superior 
hemorrhoidal,  when  it  reaches  the  upper  and  pos- 
terior part  of  the  rectum.  2.  The  middle  hemor- 
rhoidal is  furnished  by  the  hypogastric  or  inter- 
Bnl  pudic.  It  ramifies  on  the  inferior  and  ante- 
rior part  of  the  rectum.     3.  The  inferior  hemor- 


rhoidal arteries  are  branches  of  the  internal 
imdie,  furnished  to  the  inferior  part  of  the  rectum 
and  to  the  muscles  of  the  anus. 

Hemourhoihal  jS'icrvks.  These  emanate  from 
the  sciatic  and  hypogastric  plexuses  ;  and  cover 
the  rectum  with  their  numerous  filaments. 

Hkmorrhoidal  Vki.ns  follow  the  same  distri- 
bution, and  generally  empty  themselves  into  the 
lesser  mesenteric.  Some  of  them  assist  in  the 
formation  of  the  hypogastric  vein. 

Hkmouhhoidal  Vessels,  Vasn  aeda'Ua,  are 
those  vessels  which  are  distributed  to  the  rectum 
— the  seat  of  hemorrhoids. 

HiEMORRHOIDALES  NODI,  Hwmorrhois. 

H^MORRHOIDES,  see  Ha-morrhois  _h. 
Caecae,  see  Ilajmorrhois  —  h.  Fluentes,  Ha-mor- 
rhois—  h.  Furentes,  see  Haemorrhois  —  h.  Maris- 
cosas,  Ilicmorrhois — h.  non  Fluentes,  Hacmor- 
rhois — h.  Oris,  Stomatorrhagia. 

H^MORRIIOiDRO'SIS,  from  'ai^op/joij,  'he- 
morrhoids,' and  'i(5pu)(rif,  'sweating.'  Sweating 
of  hemorrhoidal  blood.  [?] — Bock. 

H/EMOR'RHOIS,  Aimor'rho'is.  Asclepiae'rnvs, 
from  hcBma,  and  pew,  'I  flow.'  Aimor'rois,  I'roc'- 
tica  JIaris'ca,  Maris'ea,  Proctal'gia  Hannorrhoi- 
da'lis.  Morbus  Hamorrhoidalis,  Piles,  Em'erods, 
(F.)  Hemorrhoides.  The  essential  symptoms  of 
this  affection  are:  —  Livid  and  painful  tubercles 
or  excrescences,  {Hemorrhoid' al  Tomoure,)  usu- 
allj'  attended  with  a  discharge  of  mucus  or  blood, 
( Hemorrhoid' al  flux,  Proctorrhie'a,  Hatnioproc'tia, 
Ilmmorrhoe'a  vasorum  hamorrhoida'liuvi,  (F.) 
Hemaproctie.)  The  most  common  causes  of  piles 
are  a  sedentary  life;  accumulation  of  faeces  in 
the  rectum  ;  violent  efforts  at  stool ;  pregnancy, 
Ac.  The  precursory  symptoms  are:  —  pains  m 
the  loins  ;  stupor  of  the  lower  limbs ;  and  un- 
easiness in  the  abdomen  and  rectum,  with  more 
or  less  gastric,  cerebral,  and  indeed  general  dis- 
order;—  constituting  the  Diath'esis  Hmmnrrhui- 
da'lis,  jifotus  seu  Turbu  Hatmorrhoida'lis,  and 
3Ioli'men  Hamorrhoidu'le,  of  most  of  the  writers 
of  Continental  Europe.  To  these  symptoms  fol- 
low one  or  more  round,  smooth,  renitent,  painful, 
pulsating,  and  erectile  tumours,  around  the  mar- 
gin of  the  anus,  or  within  the  anus ;  some  pour- 
ing out  blood  occasionally.  After  having  re- 
mained, for  a  time,  tense  and  painful,  they  gra- 
dually shrink  and  disappear.  The  chief  symp- 
toms, occasioned  by  hemorrhoidal  tumours,  when 
much  inflamed,  are  ; — constant  pain,  liable,  how- 
ever, to  exacerbations,  and  to  become  augmented 
by  the  least  pressure,  or  by  the  passage  of  the 
faeces,  and  obliging  the  patient  to  preserve  the 
horizontal  posture. 

Haamorrhoidshave  generally  been  distinguished 
into  —  Hamorrho'ides  Flnen'tca  seu  Ilarisco'sa, 
Proc'ticn  Ifaris'cn  eruen'ta,  Bleeding  or  Open 
Piles ;  and  into  H.  non  flnen'tes,  Proc'tica  Ma- 
ris'ea co'ca,  Hcpmorrhoi'des  ceeea:  seu  furen'tes, 
HcEmorrhoida'les  nodi.  Shut  or  blind  piles.  They 
have,  also,  been  divided  into  internal  or  occult, 
and  external,  according  to  their  situation  ;  and 
into  accidental  or  constitutional. 

Hemorrhoidal  Tumours  are  extremely  trouble- 
some, by  their  disposition  to  frequent  recurrence; 
and  they  are  apt  to  induce  fistula;  otherwise, 
they  are  devoid  of  danger.  When  anatomically 
examined,  they  are  found  not  to  consist  in  a  va- 
ricose dilatation  of  the  veins  of  the  rectum;  but 
to  be  formed  of  a  very  close,  spongy,  texture; 
similar  to  that  which  surrounds  the  orifice  of  the 
vagina;  and  to  be  erectile,  like  it.  They  are 
surrounded  by  a  delicate  membrane,  and  have  no 
internal  cavity.  The  treatment,  in  mild  cases  of 
hemorrhoidal  tumours,  is  simple.  Rest;  the  ho- 
rizontal posture;  the  use  of  mild  laxatives,  as 
sulphur,  castor  oil,  and  emollient  gly^tcrs,  will 


H^MORRIIOISCIIESIS 


4  45 


HAIR 


be  ?>iffi''ipnt.  Tf  they  be  much  inflamed,  leeches 
may  l>e  nfiiilied  :  and  warm  cataplasms  or  cold 
lotions,  accordiiig  to  oircum.-tances,  be  yires cribed, 
with  abstinence,  and  ooling  drinks.  Afterwards, 
an  ointment,  composed  of  powdered  galls  and 
opium,  may  afford  relief.  It  is  in  the  relaxed 
kind,  that  such  ointment,  and  the  internal  use  of 
Ward'H  /'(lute,  can  alone  be  expected  to  afford 
much  benefit.  If,  after  repeated  attacks,  the  tu- 
mours remain  hard  and  jiainful,  and  threaten 
fistula,  they  may  be  roiiioved. 

By  Ht'itinrrholdtil  Flux,  F/nxim  hamorrho'ida'- 
lin.  I'r(icl(iirh(irj"ia,  is  meant  the  hemorrhage 
which  takes  place  from  the  rectum,  owing  to  he- 
morrhoids. It  is  a  common  affection.  The  quan- 
tity of  blond  discharged  is  various  :  at  times,  it 
is  very  trifling;  at  others,  sufficient  to  induce 
great  debility,  and  even  death.  It  is  announced 
and  accompanied  by  the  same  symptoms  as  pre- 
cede and  attend  hemorrhoidal  tumours.  Like 
other  hemorrhages  it  may  be  active  or  pimnh-e  ; 
accidental  or  coiiHtitutionaL  The  prognosis  is 
rarely  unfavourable.  The  affection  may,  almost 
always,  be  relieved  by  properly  adapted  means. 
These  resemble  such  as  are  necessary  in  hemor- 
rhages in  general.  Perfect  quietude,  —  mental 
and  corporeal :  light  diet;  cooling  drinks;  bleeding 
if  the  symptoms  indicate  it;  astringents,  (if  the 
disease  be  protracted  and  passive,)  such  as  the 
Tiuclurd  Fen-i  Chlovidi ;  aspersions  of  cold 
water  on  the  anus  :  astringent  injections  ;  plug- 
ging and  compression.  Such  will  be  the  principal 
remedial  agents.  When  the  hemorrhage  has  be- 
come habitual,  or  is  vicarious,  some  caution  may 
be  required  in  checking  it;  and,  if  inconvenience 
arise  from  a  sudden  suppression,  its  return  niay 
be  solicited  by  the  semicupium,  sitting  over  warm 
water,  aloetic  purgatives,  glysters,  irritating  sup- 
positories, &c. ;  or  leeches  may  be  applied  to  the 
anus. 

To  the  internal  bleeding  pile,  a  soft,  red,  straw- 
berry-like elevation  of  the  mucous  membrane, 
Dr.  Houston,  of  Dublin,  gives  the  name  iy/sch/oc 
tumour.  For  its  removal  he  recommends  the  ap- 
plication of  nitric  acid,  so  as  to  produce  slough- 
ing of  its 'surface. 

Some  authors  have  described  a  species  of  Leii- 
corrhw'n  Aiia'lis  or  whitish  discharge  from  the 
anus,  which  often  attends  ordinary  hnomorrhoids. 
This  they  have  called  Proclicn  niarin'ca  niKca'aa, 
Hmmor' iliiiis  alba,  HcBWorrharj" i<i  miico'nn,  Leu- 
cor'rhn'is,  &c.     It  requires  no  special  mention. 

The  term  Hemorrlioid  is  applied  at  times  to 
varicose  veins  developed  elsewiiere,  as  at  the 
orifice  of  the  uterus.     See  Metriumorrhoides. 

H^.MOiiUHOis  AB  ExANiA,  Proctocele — h.  Pro- 
cedens,  Proctocele. 

HiEMORRHOiS'CIIESTS,  from  'aipLoppon. 
'hmmiirrhoiK,'  pru,  'I  flow,'  and  io-;^£(i),  'I  restrain.' 
Iteteu'tio  Jliixun  hamori-hdidti'li^.  Suppression  or 
retention  of  the  hem<irrhoidal  flux. 

H.EMORKHOPIIE'SIS,  yl/>.«,r///(o  snng'iiinis, 
from  lifFina,  and  i>0(/>a(j>,  '  I  sip  up.'  Absorption 
of  blood. 

HiEMORRIIOPIIILTA,  II»matophilia. 

H^MORRHOSCOPIA,  Hirmatoscopia. 

H/E.MORRIIYSIS,  Ilicmorrbagia. 

HiEMOSniEOCKLE,  Ilrematoseheocele. 

H^MOSCOPIA,  Ilifmatoseopia. 

H^MOSPASIA,  see  Ilftmospastic. 

H^SIMOSPAS'TIC,  (F.)  Hemonpasiqve,  from 
htema,  and  onaoi,  '  I  draw.'  An  agent  which  draws 
or  attracts  blood  to  a  part;  as  a  cupping-glass. 
Theoperation  is  termed  Htpmnnpu'sia,  (F.)  Hemns- 
panie.  It  is  generally  apjilied  to  a  process  by 
which  the  air  is  exhausted  over  a  considerable 
surface,  as  over  one  or  more  of  the  extremities, 
bj  an  appropriate  pneumatic  apparatus. 


II/EMOSTA'SIA,  Hamox'tasis.  Epid'fsin,  fan'- 
guinin  Hlarjna'tlo,  (F.)  llhiiontanie,  from  licrnin, 
and  araaii,  'stagnation.'  Stagnation  of  blood. 
This  name  has,  also,  been  given  to  any  operation, 
the  ohjcct  of  which  is  to  arrest  the  flow  of  blood. 

HiEMOSTAT'IC.  PAGLIA'RTS,  Pa.jliariS 
Sli/ptic,  (F.)  Fan  de  Paijliari.  A  .«typtic  liquor, 
said  to  be  of  great  power,  discovered  by  M.  Pag- 
liari,  a  pharmncien  at  Rome.  It  is  composed  as 
follows:  —  Eight  ounces  of  tincture  of  benzoin, 
one  pound  of  alum,  and  ten  pounds  of  xrater  arc 
boiled  together  for  six  hours  in  a  glazed  earthen 
vessel,  the  vaporized  water  being  constantly  re- 
jjlaced  by  hot  water,  so  as  not  to  interrupt  the 
ebullition,  and  the  resinous  mass  being  kept 
stirred  round.  The  fluid  is  tlien  filtered,  and 
kept  in  stojipered  bottles.  A  drop  of  the  fluid, 
poured  into  a  glass  containing  human  blood,  pro- 
duces an  instantaneous  magma 

IM-IMOSTATICS,  Ha^matostatica. 

II^.MOTELANOIOSIS,  Telangiectasia. 

H^EMOTKXIA,  HtEmateclysis. 

IliF^MOTEXIS,  HaMiiateclysis. 

HyEMOTHORAX,  Ha>mathorax. 

HiEMOTISMUS.  IlaMnoptysis. 

IIif:iMOT'ROPliY,  JItFmotroph'in  ;  from  Jiamn, 
and  Tfjoiprj,  '  nourishment.'  Excess  of  sangui- 
neous nourishment. — Prout. 

HiEMIIRIA,  Hematuria. 

IJyEMURESIS,  HfEmaturia. 

HiEMYDOR,  Serum  of  the  blood. 

HiRMYDRIA,  Hydroaemia. 

II^REDITARIUS,  Hereditary. 

II^SITATIO,  Balbuties. 

IIMVEA  GUIANENSIS,  see  Caoutchouc. 

HA(j,  Abdomen. 

HAG  API),  Haggard. 

HAGBERRY,  Prunus  padus. 

HAGE'NIA  ABYSSIX'ICA,  Bray'era  avthef- 
min'tlca,  Bauk'sin  Ahyxniu'icn,  An  Ab3'ssinian 
tree;  Order,  Rosacea;;  Sejciial  SyKtem,  Icosandria 
Digynia,  which  the  natives  plant  round  their 
habitations,  as  an  ornament.  The  infusion  or  de- 
coction of  its  flowers,  Flores  cokho.  is  employed  by 
them  as  an  anthelmintic,  especially  in  cases  of 
tape- worm.  It  is  called,  there,  Cuxno  or  Cousso, 
A'osso,  Kousso,  Kooso,  Kicoso,  Cotz,  Cabotz,  and 
Ilobhi. 

HAGGARD,  (F.)  Hagnrd.  The  French  use 
the  term  Air  hagnrd,  CEil  hagard,  'Haggard 
air,'  '  Haggard  eye,'  for  a  ph3-siognomy,  in  which 
there  is  at  once  an  expression  of  madness  aud 
terror. 

HAGTOSPERMUM,  Artemisia  santonica. 

HAGIOXYLUM,  Guaiacum. 

HA  HNEMANNISM,  Homeopathy. 

HAIL,  Chalaza. 

HAIR,  Sax.  hsep,  Crlnis,  Pilus,  Thrix,  Pile, 
(F.)  Poll.  A  conical,  corneous  substance,  the  free 
portion  or  shaft,  scapun,  of  which  issues  to  a  greater 
or  less  distance  from  the  skin,  to  the  tissue  of 
which  it  adheres  by  a  bnlb,  Jhilbus pifi.  seated  in 
a  hair  follicle — fillic'uhtu  pili — made  by  an 
inversion  of  the  integument,  the  epidermis  of 
which  forms  a  "root  sheath,"  vagi'na  pili.  At 
the  base  of  the  hair  follicle,  there  is  a  small 
papilla,  well  supplied  with  bloodvessels  and 
nerves,  Papilla  pili ;  at  times  called,  but  im- 
properly, Pulpa  seu  Blastc'ma  pili.  The  hair  re- 
ceives various  names  in  different  parts — as  Beard, 
Cilia,  Fyebroivs,  Hair  of  the  head,  {Capilli,}  &c. 

Hair  Dye,  Twiggs's.  A  preparation  much 
used  to  give  colour  to  the  hair.  It  may  be  formed 
o{  precipitated  sulphur  and  acetate  of  lead,  each 
^j  ;  rose  vater,  f^iv;  triturated  together  in  a 
mortar.  It  should  be  applied  twice  a  day,  until 
the  desired  effect  is  pioduced. 


HAIRY 


41  r,       IIAMAMELIS  VIRGINIANA 


Hair,  Fali.ing  off  of  tiif.,  Alopecia. 

IIaik  Follicle,  see  Hair. 

II  vm,  Mattrp.  Plica  — ii.  Plaited,  Plica  — h. 
Triclioinatose,  Plica — h.  Worm,  Seta  equina,  see 
L'ctozoa — li.  Worm,  muscular,  Dracunculus. 

HAIRY,  Pileous.     Also,  covered  with  hair. 

HAKE,  see  Oleum  jecoris  aselli. 

HAL.  Salt. 

HALA'TION,  Hdla'tinm  ;  diminutive  of  'aXf, 
'salt,.'  A  pungent  remedy,  with  the  ancients, 
which  contained  salts. 

HALCIIEMI'A.  The  alchymists  so  called  the 
art  of  fusing  salts:  from  'aAs,  'salt,'  and  x'^^'  '^ 
pour  out.' — Libavius. 

HALCVOX,  Alcyon. 

HALCYOXIUM  ROTUNDUM,  Pila  marina. 

HALE,  Epheli.les. 

HALEIXB,  Breath— A.  Coarte,  Dyspnoea. 

HALEL.:E'ON,  HnleWnm,  from  'aU,  'salt,' 
and  eXaivv,  'oil.'  Olenm  S'lU  mijtitm.  A  mix- 
ture of  oil  and  salt,  for  removing  swellings  of  the 
joints. — ftalen. 

HALE TE/iA TION,  Alteration. 

HALF-CASTE,  Hilf-Cast,  see  Caste.  A  term 
applied,  in  India,  to  the  offspring  of  a  Hindoo 
and  a  European.  Since,  extended  to  the  offspring 
of  mixed  races.  The  subjoined  list  from  Tschudi's 
Travels  in  Peru,  1838-1842,  shows  the  parent- 
age of  the  different  varieties  of  half-easts,  and 
also  the  proper  designations  of  the  latter,  as  ob- 
served in  South  America. 

Parents.  CnaDREN. 

White  Father  and  Nesro  Mother,      Mulatto. 
AVhite  Fath(?r  and  Indian  Mother,     Meztizo. 
Indian  Father  and  N'eijro  Mother.      Chino. 
White  Father  and  Mulatta  Mother,   Cuarteron. 

I  Creole,  (only  distin- 
guished from  the 
white  by  a  pale 
hrownish  complex- 
ion.) 
White  Father  and  China  Mother,  Chino-blanco. 
White    Father  and  Cuarterona     (  Oiiintero 

.Mother -^  U  u      •    • 

White   Father   and   Quintera  .Mo-j  iri.jfg 

ther X 

Kegro  Father  and  Mulatta  -^Il)ther,  Zambonegro. 
Xegro  Father  and   Meztiza  Mother,  Mulatto  n.^curo. 
Xegro  Father  and  China  .Motlier,        Zainbo  chino. 
T.-  K  ti,  IT  „v,    ir  *u      f  Zambo-negro  (per- 

^eg^o  Father  and  Zamba  Mother.<   r^.^tiy  black  ) 

Negro  Father  and  Cuarterona  or  f  Mnlatto  (rather 
Quintera  Mother \  dark.) 

Indian   Father  and   Mulatta  Mof  china-ascuro. 
ther (. 

T-   J.        T^  .u  1   Ai     »•        \t     I  IMestizo-claro   (fre- 

Indian   Father  and  Meztiza    Mo  N  f,„^„tiy  very  beau- 

^'^'^'^ (  tiful.) 

Indian  Father  and  Cliina  IMother,      Chino-cholo. 
Indian    Father    and    Zamba   .Mo-f  /^^mbodaro. 

ther ( 

Indian   Father  with   China-cholaf  Indian(with  rather 

Mother X  short  frizzy  hair.) 

Indian  Father  and  Cuarterona  or  f  Meztizo  (rather 

Quintera  Mother It  hrown.) 

Mulatto   Father  and  Zamba   Mo)   Zarabo   (a  misera- 

ther X  ble  race.) 

Mulatto   Father  and  Meztiza  Mo  V  Chino    (of   rather 

ther (   clear  complexion.) 

Mulatto  Father  and  China  .Mother,  Chinofratherdark.) 

See  Mulatto. 

HALICA.  Alica. 

HALICACALUM,  Phvsalis. 

HALICES,  Pandiculation. 

HALIDRYS  VESICULOSA,  Fucus  vcsicu- 
losus. 

HALINA'TRUM,  Halinl'tnun,  Hal.mi'tnim  ; 
from  'aXf,  '  salt,'  and  utitrnm  or  natron.  A  name 
given  by  the  ancients  to  subcarbonate  of  soda, 
containing  a  little  subcarbonate  of  ammonia, 
which  is  found,  ready-formed,  on  the  plaster  of 
damp  walls,  in  places  in'habitod  by  man  or  ani- 
mals.    Also,  Potass*  Ultras. 


HALTNITRUM,  Ilalinatrum. 

HALl.XUS,  Saline. 

HAL'ITUOUS,  Halitno'etiK,  from  ImlitiiH,  '  va- 
pour.'  (F.)  Hulitnerw.  The  skin  is  .«aid  to  be  ha. 
litiieusc,  when  covered  willi  a  gentle  nioi.-<tiiro. 
The  vapour,  exhaled  in  all  the  cavities  of  tlio 
body,  so  long  as  the  blood  is  warm,  is  called 
Jlal'itnu.  The  odorous  vapour,  exhaled  by  the 
blood  itself  whilst  warm,  is  called  Hal'itiiH  ^tui'- 
yuiiiis. 

Halitfs,  Breath  —  h.  Oris  Fretidus,  lin'atli, 
offensive — h.  Sanguinis,  Gaz  sanguinis.  See  lla- 
lituous. 

HALL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
springs  of  Hall,  in  Upper  Austria,  contain  iodine. 

H  A  L  L  U  C I  NAT  I  0  II Y  POCHONDUIASIS, 
Hypochondriasis — h.  Vertigo,  Vertigo. 

HALLUCINATION,  Halliicina'tio,  Hilndn,,'. 
tio,  FaUa'citt,  lUu'sio,  I.  senntis,  t^lucur'dia.  Alu'- 
aia,  Allucina'tio,  Parora'niH,  Sumnia'tio  in  ntalu 
viy"ili,  Ido'liini,  Waking  dream,  Fhantumn,  from 
allucinari  or  hallitcinari,  olliicinatun,  '  to  be  de- 
ceived.' A  morbid  error  in  one  or  more  of  the 
senses.  Percej)tion  of  objects,  which  do  not  in 
fact  exert  any  impression  on  the  external  senses. 
Hallucination  or  de/niion  almost  always,  if  not 
always,  depends  on  disorder  of  the  brain,  but  is 
not  an  index  of  insanity,  unless  the  patient  be- 
lieves in  the  existence  of  the  subject  of  the  hal- 
lucination. 

HALLUS,  Pollex  pedis. 

HALLUX,  Pollex  pedis. 

HALMK,  Muria. 

HALMYRIS,  see  Muria. 

HALMYRO'DES,  Sahngino'eus,  Salmi'gi- 
nous,  from  'aXixvpn,  ('uX/^i?,  '  sea-water,'  'aXi,  'salt,') 
'a  salt  liquor/  saltish.  An  epithet  given  to  any 
affection,  in  which  the  heat  feels  pungent  under 
the  finger  of  the  physician. — Hippocrates. 

HAL.MYRUS,  Saline. 

HALO,  Areola. 

Halo  Signa'tus.  The  impression  made  by 
the  ciliary  processes  on  the  anterior  surface  of  the 
vitreous  humour.  So  called  from  its  eunsisling 
of  a  circle  of  indentations. — Sir  C.  Bell.  Called 
by  Haller,  Striat  ret'ina  siibject'a  (iyamen'to 
cilia' ri ;   by  Winslow,  Sulci  cilia'ren, 

HALODER>E'UM,  from 'aAj,  'salt,' and  itpaioi', 
'a  collar,'  (^tpV;  'neck.')  Colla'rium  suli'nuin. 
A  collar  of  salt  applied  to  the  neck,  as  in  cases 
of  croup. 

HALOGENE,  Chlorine. 

HALOIUUM  OXYGENATUM,  Potassae  mu- 
rias  hyperoxygenatus. 

HALONl'lTIS,  Induration  of  the  cellular 
tissue. 

HALONITRUM,  Halinatrum. 

HALOPE'GiE,  from  'a\s,  'aXos,  'salt,'  and 
-irrj-yri,  '  a  spring.'  Mineral  waters  whose  chief  in- 
gredient is  common  salt — chloride  of  sodium. 

HALOS,  Areola. 

HALOT'Y''LE,  Cid'citn  snli'na,  from  'aAj,  'salt,' 
and  Tv\ri,  'a  bolster.'  A  bolster  or  pillow  of  salt, 
recommended  in  croup. 

HALSBANE,  Clavicle. 

HALS,  'aX{,  'salt;'  hence  Halogene,  Haloid,  &e. 

IIALSE.  Throat. 

HALTE'RES.  Pieces  of  lead  held  in  the 
hands  by  the  ancients  to  assist  them  in  leaping. 

HALUCIXATIO,  Hallucination. 

HALYCODE.S.  Saline. 

HALYSIS  LATA,  Bothriocephalus  latus  — h. 
Meiubranaeea,  Bothriocephalus  latus — h.  Solium, 
Taenia  solium. 

HAM,  Poples. 

HAMAME'LIS  VIRGINIA'NA,  H.  Virgin'i- 
ea  seu  macniplnjl'la,  Witch  hazel.  Winter  w<l':h 
hazel,  Snapping  hazelnut.  Winter  bloom.  Orel. 
Ilamumelaceae.     The  bark  of  this  tree,  which  is 


HAMARTIIRITIS 


447 


HARROWGATE 


a  native  of  the  United  States,  is  somewhat  bitter 
and  sensibly  astringent;  but  it  has  not  been 
much  used.  A  cataplasm  of  the  inner  rind  of 
the  biirk  is  said  to  have  been  found  efficacious  in 
jiainful  in  flam  in  at!  on  of  the  eyes. 

llAMARTlIRrTIS,  Hobtrthri'tSs,  Cntholar- 
ihri'lin,  Arthri'tin  uiiiveriKi'lin,  from  'a/ia,  'at 
once,'  aTi<i  ap^inrti,  '  gout.'  Gout  in  all  the  joints. 
Universal  <{out. 

U.WKjII,  Coxofemoral  articulation. 

II AM' MA,  NikIiix,  'a  tie.'  A  knot,  used  for 
retaining  bandages  on  any  part.  —  Hippocrates. 
A  truss. 

HAMMKllTNG,  Balbuties. 

IIAMPSTEAD,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  waters,  situate  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
London,  are  a  good  chalybeate. 

HA.MSTRIN(},  To.  see  Hamstrings. 

HAMSTRINGS,  (F.)  Jan-etlers.  The  strings 
or  tendons  of  the  hnm. 

The  JL\MSTiuNG  Muscles  are  the  biceps  femo- 
ris,  whose  tendon  forms  the  oiitfr  hanuttring  ;  and 
the  semiinouibranosus,  semitendinosus,  gracilis 
and  sartorius,  whose  tendons  form  the  inner 
hamntrinij. 

'To  hitmntring'  means  to  cut  the  strings  or  ten- 
dons of  the  ham. 

HAMIILAR  PROCESS,  see  Hamulus. 

IIAM'ULUS.  Diminutive  of  hnmns,  '  a  hook.' 
A  hook  or  crook:  Ancia'tnm.  Also,  any  hook- 
like process;  as  the  liontuhiH  OT  hniinilttr  process 
of  the  pterygoid  process  of  the  sphenoid  bone, 
which  projects  from  the  termination  of  the  inter- 
nal pterygoid  plate. 

Hamulus  Lamin.h  Spiralis,  see  Lamina  spi- 
ralis. 

HAlVrUS,  see  Hamulus. 

HANCIIE,  Haunch. 

HANCLETH,  Malleolus. 

HAND.  Manus. 

HANDWOMAN,  Midwife. 

HANDS,  DROPPED,  H„i,d-drop,  Wrint-drop. 
A  popiiliir  term  for  the  paralysis  of  the  hand,  in- 
diiCLMl  l)v  tlic  action  of  lead. 

HANDWRIST,  Carpus. 

HAN(}1')RS,  Crusta  genu  equinne. 

1IAN(JNAIL,  (old  Eng.)  Ac/iunl,  (Prov.)  An<j- 
nnil,  Stcpniolher's  h/esniiiij,  Wirt-spriiiiyii.  jVtdl- 
gpring,  Nang-nail,  (F.)  Eiivie.  A  portion  of  epi- 
dermis, detached  so  as  to  tear  the  integument  in 
the  vicinity  of  the  finger  nails. 

HANXEIiANE,  Hyoscvamus. 
.    HAPANTIS'MUS.     Bndly    formed   from   wat, 
or  'iiirnj,  '  all.'      Ohlltera'tio  comple'ta.     The  mat- 
ting or  growing  together  of  organic  parts. 

HAPHE.  'aifin,  'feeling,  touch.'     Hence: 

HAPHON'OSI,  Hnphoun's!,  from  'u0,7,  'the 
touch.'  Morbi  tactds.  Diseases  of  the  sense  of 
touch. 

HAPLOACNE,  Acne  simplex. 

HAPLOPATHI'A,  from  'urrAof,  'simple.'  and 
iraSof,  'ilisease.'  3forbii8  simplex.  A  simple  or 
uncomplicated  .affection. 

H.APLOTOM'IA,  Siiiiphx  sec'tio,  Tneis'io  sim- 
jilfx,  Oi><;r(i'tio  niiiiplex,  from  'an-Xof,  '  simple,'  and 
To/i)).  'incision.'     A  simple  incision. 

HAPSIS,  Touch. 

HAPTODYSPHOR'IA.  Tactni  dolorlficus ; 
from  'ailitf.  'touch,'  and  ivafopoi,  'difficult  to  be 
borne.'     Painful  to  the  touch. 

HAPTOGEN.  Haptogenous. 

HA  P  TOG  EXE,  Haptogenous. 

HAPTOG"ENOUS.  Hnpto,i"enus,  Hnp'togen, 
(F.)  Haplor/ene,  from  'arrui,  'I  attach. 'and yticaw, 
'I  engender.'  Ascherson  calls  the  pellicle,  which 
forms  around  fatty  matter  when  albumen  is 
brought  in  contact  with  it,  Haplogen  membrane, 
(F.)  Membrane  haptogene. 


HAPTOT'ICA,  Haptot' ire,  from  'a(pr,,  'touch.' 
Tlie  doctrine  of  the  phenomena  of  touch. 

HARD,  (G.)  hart,  JDnrus,  Seleron,  (F.)  Diir. 
That  which  offers  much  resistance.  In  anatomy, 
the  hard  parts  are  those  which  compose  the  os- 
seous basis  of  the  body  ;  in  other  words,  the  skele- 
ton.    See  Pulse,  hard. 

HARD'S  FARINACEOUS  FOOD,  see  Fari- 
naceous. 

IIARDESIA,  Hibernicus  lapis. 

HARDIIACK,  Spira\a  tomentosa. 

HARE-LIP,  Layochi'liiH,  Larjon'tomn,  Lagnn'- 
tomum,  Lngtn'tomiim,  Ln'btum  Lepori'nuw,  Olo- 
pho'nia  Lubii  Loba'ta,  Lepori'num  rostrum,  (Sc.) 
Hareshaip,  (Prov.)  Haysciile,  (F.)  Dec  de  Lievre. 
A  fissure  or  perpendicular  division  of  one  or  both 
lips.  It  has  been  so  called,  in  consequence  of 
the  upper  lip  of  the  hare  being  thus  divided. 
Hare-lip  is  generally  congenital ;  at  other  times 
it  is  aecideutiil,  or  produced  by  a  wound,  the 
edges  of  which  have  not  been  brought  into  con- 
tact, and  have  healed  separately.  It  is  simple, 
when  there  is  but  one  division  ;  double,  when 
there  are  two  ;  and  complicated,  when  there  is,  at 
the  same  time,  a  division  or  cleft  of  the  superior 
maxillary  bone  and  of  the  palate —  Cleft  or  _/?«'- 
Hiircd  palate.  Wolf's  jaw,  Pala'tnm  Jissnm,  Rictus 
hipi'nue ;  or  a  projection  of  the  teeth  into  the 
separation  of  the  lip. 

In  the  Hare-lip  operation,  there  are  two  indi- 
cations to  be  fulfilled.  First,  to  pare,  with  the 
knife  or  scissors,  the  edges  of  the  cleft,  and,  af- 
terwards, to  jireserve  them  in  contact;  in  order 
to  cause  adhesion.  This  last  object  is  accom- 
plished by  means  of  pins,  pa.^sed  through  the 
edges  of  the  division  ;  in  other  words,  by  the 
twisted  suture.  The  projecting  teeth  must,  of 
course,  be  previously  removed.  If  there  be  sepa- 
ration of  tlie  palate,  it  will  become  less  and  less 
after  the  union  of  the  lip,  or  the  operation  of  sta- 
phylornphy  may  be  performed  upon  it. 

IIarh's  Ear,  Bupleurum  rotundifolium  —  h. 
Eye,  Lagophthalmia. 

HARESHAW,  Harelip. 

IIAItGXE,  Hernia  —  /*.  Ancvrysmale,  Cirsom- 
phalus. 

HARICOT,  Phaseolus  vulgaris  — 7».  Grand  de 
Perou,  Jatropha  curcas. 

HARMALIA,  Aliment. 

HAR'MONY,  Harmo'nia,  Harmos,  primarily 
from  apii).  'I  adjust.'  Anatomists  have  called  Su- 
ture by  Harmony,  or'  simply  Harmony,  False  or 
superficial  suture,  iSutu'ra  of  sium  spu'ria,  Com- 
pa'ges  os'sium  per  lin'cam  sim'plicem,  an  immov- 
able articulation,  in  which  the  depressions  and 
eminences,  presented  by  the  bony  surfoces,  are 
but  slightly  marked;  so  that  it  might  be  pre- 
sumed that  the  junction  of  the  bones  took  place 
by  simple  a|iposition  of  their  surfaces.  An  in- 
stance of  harmony  occurs  in  the  union  of  the 
superior  maxillary  bones  with  each  other. 

HARMUS,  Articulation,  Harmony. 

HARNPAN,  Cranium. 

HARRODSBURG  SPRINGS,  see  Kentucky, 
Mineral  Waters  of. 

HAR'ROWGATE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
The  villages  of  High  and  Low  Harrowgate  are 
situate  in  the  centre  of  the  county  of  York,  near 
Knaresborough,  twenty  miles  from  York,  and 
fifteen  from  Leeds.  Here  are  several  valuable 
sulphurous  and  chalybeate  springs.  The  sulphu- 
reous springs  contain  chloride  of  sodium,  chlori<lo 
of  calcium,  chloride  of  magnesium,  bicarbonate 
of  soda,  sulphohydric  acid,  carbonic  acid,  carhu- 
retted  hydrogen,  and  azote.  The  chalybeate 
springs  contain  protoxide  of  iron,  chloride  of  so- 
dium, sulphate  of  soda,  chloride  of  calcium,  chlo- 
ride of  magnesium,  carbonic  acid,  azote,  and  oxy- 


HARTFELL 


448 


HEART 


gen.  For  the  former,  Ilarrowgate  is  celebrated 
and  frequented. 

Hauhowgate  Salts,  Artificial,  are  much 
employed,  and  not  unfrequently  by  those  who 
drink  the  genuine  water,  for  the  purpose  of  in- 
creasing its  aperient  power.  They  may  be  made 
as  follows  : — Sii/ph.  Potass,  cum  Sidph.  ^\}  ;  Po- 
tass, h'ttort.  ^j  ;  Mfignes.  Sulph.  in  pulv.  ^vj.  M. 
The  usual  dose  is  a  teaspoonful,  in  a  small  tum- 
blerful of  tepid  water,  early  in  the  morning. 

Harrowgate  Water,  Artificial,  may  be 
formed  o^  common  salt,  ,^v:  vnter,  Oiij  ;  impreg- 
nated with  the  gas  from  sulphurct  of  potass,  and 
aulphnrie  acid,  aa  ^\v.  The  following  form  has 
also  been  recommended.  R-  Siiljjhat.  Potass. 
cum  sulph.  (Ph.  Ed.)  ^y,  Potass,  bitart.  ^ss ; 
JIfagnes.  sulphat.  ^v]  ;  Aqua  destillat.  Oij.  One- 
half  to  be  tnken  for  a  dose. 

HARTFELL,  -  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Hartfell  Spa  is  about  five  miles  from  Moifat,  in 
Scotland.  The  water  is  a  chalybeate,  and  is 
much  used. 

HARTSHORN,  Cervus,  Cornu  cervi.  Liquor 
cornu  cervi  —  h.  Red,  Spiritus  lavandulas  com- 
positus  —  h.  and  Oil,  Liniraentum  ammonias  car- 
bonatis. 

HARTS'  TONGUE,  Asplonium  scolopendrium. 

HARTS' TRUFFLES,Elaphomycesgranulatus. 

HARTWORT  OF  MARSEILLES,  Seseli  tor- 
tuofuin. 

HASCHE,  Pain. 

HASCniSCH,  pee  Bangue. 

HASCflfSCHLVE,  see  Bangue. 

HASTA,  Penis  — h.  Nuptialis,  Penis  — h.  Vi- 
rilis,  Penis. 

HASTKLLA,  Splint. 

HASTINGS,  CLIMATE  OF.  This  place  has 
the  reputation  of  being  one  of  the  mildest  and 
most  sheltered  winter  residences  on  the  south 
coast  of  England.  Owing  to  its  low  situation, 
and  the  height  of  the  neighbouring  cliffs,  it  is 
protected  in  a  great  degree  from  all  northerly 
■winds  ;  and  hence  is  found  a  favourable  residence 
generally  for  invalids  labouring  under  diseases 
of  the  r'hest. 

HASTULA  REGIS,  Asphodelus  ramosus. 

HATFIELD'S  TINCTURE,  see  Tinctura  Gua- 
iaci  ammoniiita. 

HATTREL,  Abscess. 

HAUNCH,  Coxa,  Coxen'di'x,  of  the  Latins; 
ay^Vt  or  ttT)(^iov,  of  the  Greeks;  Auclia.  Ischion, 
Osphys,  Hip,  Cossa,  (Prov.j  Huhhon,  Shoup,  (F.) 
Hanche.  The  region  of  the  trunk  which  is  formed 
by  the  lateral  parts  of  the  pelvis  and  the  hip- 
joint,  including  the  soft  parts.  In  women,  on 
account  of  the  greater  width  of  the  pelvis,  the 
haunches  are  more  marked  and  prominent  than 
in  men. 

HAUSE,  Collum.  Throat. 

HAUSTEL'LATE,  Ilanstclla'tus.  from  hanrio, 
ha)i8tum,'l  drink  up.'  An  epithet  for  the  struc- 
ture of  mouth,  wliich  is  adapted  for  drinking  or 
pumping  up  liquids.  Insects,  which  possess  that 
kind  of  mouth,  are  so  named.  Ehrenberg  refers 
the  fancied  spermatozoon  to  the  haustellate  en- 
tozoa. 

HAUSTRA  COLT,  see  Colon. 

HAUSTUS,  Po'th,  Potiun'cnia.  A  Draught. 
A  liquid  medicine,  which  can  be  taken  at  a 
draught. 

Haustds  Niger,  see  Infusum  sennse. 

HAUT  MAL,  Epilepsy. 

HAVAN'A  or  HAVAN'NAH,  CLIMATE  OF. 
The  climate  of  Cuba  is  often  selected  for  the 
phthisical  invalid  during  the  winter  months,  and 
go  far  as  regards  elevation  and  comparative  equa- 
bility of  temperature,  it  is  more  favourable  for 
those  of  weak  lungs  than  that  of  the  United 
States.     The  mean   annual  temperature  is  high 


(78°),  but  the  diffcr<.>nce  between  the  mean  tem- 
perature of  the  warmest  and  coldest  months  is 
twice  as  great  as  at  Madeira. 

HAVERSIAN  CANALS,  Canals,  nutritive,  of 
Bones. 

HAW,  Hungry. 

Haw,  Black,  Viburnum  i)runifolium. 

IIAWKNUT,  Bunium  bulhocastanum. 

IIAWKWEED,  VEINY,  Ilieracium  venosum. 

HAWSE.  Throat. 

HAAVTIIORN,  WHITE,  Mespilus  oxyacanthiu 

HAY  ASTHMA,  Fever,  Hay. 

Hay,  Camkl's,  Juncus  odoratus. 

HAYRIFF,  (Jalium  aparine. 

HAYSCALE,  Harelip. 

HAZEL,  BEAKED,  Corylus  rostrata. 

Hazel  Crottles,  Lichen  puhnonarius  —  h. 
Nut,  snapping,  Ilamamelis  Virginiana  —  h.  Nut 
tree,  Corylus  avellana. 

Hazel,  Witch,  Ilamamelis  Virginiana,  Sorbus 
acuparia. 

HAZELRAW,  Lichen  puhnonarius. 

HEAD,  Sax.  heapot>,  hearo,  hem-ed ,-  the  past 
participle   of  heapan,    'to   heave   up.'      Caput, 

Ceph'ale,  Ci/'he,  Poll,  (Prov.)  Hede,  Pow,  Srop, 
(F.)  Tele.  The  head  forms  the  upper  extremity 
of  the  body,  and  tops  the  skeleton.  It  consists 
of  the  cranium  and  face.  The  first,  which  com- 
prises all  the  superior  and  posterior  part,  has  the 
encephalon  in  its  cavity:  the  latter  forms  only 
the  anterior  part,  and  serves  as  the  receptacle  for 
the  greater  part  of  the  organs  of  the  senses. 

Head,  Water  in  the,  Hydrocephalus. 

Heap-Ache,  Cejjhalgea,  Cephalalgia — h.  Ache, 
intermittent,  Cephalalgia  periodica  —  h.  Ache, 
sick,  Cephala?a  spasmodica. 

HEADSWOMAN,  Midwife. 

HEADY'',  same  etymon  as  Head.  (F.)  Capifeur. 
That  which  inebriates  readily.  An  epithet,  ap- 
plied to  wines  which  possess  this  quality. 

HEAL,  Sanitas. 

HEAL-ALL,  Collinsonia  Canadensis,  Prunella 
vulgaris,  Scrophularia  nodosa. 

HEALING,  Curative— h.  Art,  Medicine. 

HEALTH,  Sanitas. 

HEALTHY,  Salutary. 

HEARING,  HARDNESS  OF,  Deafness  — h. 
Perverse,  Paracusis  perversa. 

HEART,  Sax.  heo/ir.  Germ,  llerz,  Cov,  Ccnr, 
Cer,  Car'dia,  Kcap,  Ktip,  Kaoita,  (F.)  C(titr.  An 
azygous  muscle,  of  an  irregularly  pyramidal 
shape;  situate  obliquely  and  a  little  to  the  left 
side,  in  the  chest; — resting  on  the  diaphragm  liy 
one  of  its  surfaces  : — suspended  by  its  base  from 
the  great  vessels ;  free  and  movable  in  the  rest 
i  of  its  extent,  and  surrounded  by  the  pericardium. 
The  right  side  of  the  body  of  the  heart  is  thin 
and  sharp,  and  is  called  Ilargo  acu'tus:  the  left 
is  thick  and  round,  and  termed  Ii'arrjo  ohtu'miH. 
It  is  hollow  within,  and  contains  four  cavities; 
two  of  which,  with  thinner  and  less  fleshy  walls, 
receive  the  blood  from  the  lungs  and  the  rest  of 
the  body,  and  pour  it  into  two  others,  with  thick 
and  very  fleshy  parietes,  which  send  it  to  tl:e 
lungs  and  to  every  jiart  of  the  body.  Of  these 
cavities,  the  former  are  called  auricles,  the  latter 
ventricles.  The  right  auricle  and  right  ventricle 
form  the  Pidmonic  or  right  or  aulerior  heart,  Cor 
veno'sum  scu  pulmoua'le,  (F.)  Caiir  du  pouvioii, 
C.  du  sang  iioir,  V.  droit,  C.  antericnr:  and  the 
left  auricle  and  ventricle,  the  syntvmic,  corporeal, 
left,  or  aortic  heart.  Cor  arterio'sum  seu  nor'li- 
cum,  (F.)  Cceur  du  corps,  C.  gauche,  C.  nortique 
ou  C.  rouge.  In  the  adult,  these  are  totally  dis- 
tinct from  each  other,  being  separated  by  a  parti- 
tion ; — the  srjitum  cordii.  Into  the  right  auricle, 
the  venae  cavae, — superior  and  inferior, — and  ttie 
coronary  vein,  open.  The  pulmonary  artery 
arises  from  the  right  ventricle;  the  four  pulmo- 


HEART 


449 


HEAT 


nary  veins  open   into  tho  left  auricle,  and  the 
aorta  arises  from  ttu'  left  ventricle. 

The  moan  weiffht  of  the  heart,  in  the  aflult, 
from  the  twenty-fifth  to  tlie  sixtieth  year,  is,  ac- 
cording to  ]')Ouiilau(l,  from  eijrht  to  nine  ounces. 
The  dimen.sions,  according  to  Lobstein  and  Bouil- 
Inud,  are  as  follows:  —  Length,  from  base  to 
apex,  five  inches  six  lines;  breadth,  at  the  base, 
three  inches;  thickness  of  the  walls  of  the  left 
ventricle,  seven  lines;  at  a  finger's  breadth  above 
the  apex,  four  linos  ;  thickness  of  the  walls  of  the 
right  ventricle,  two  and  a  quarter  lines;  at  the 
apox,  lialf  a  line;  thickness  of  right  auricle,  one 
line  ;  of  the  left  auricle,  half  a  line.  The  heart 
is  covered,  externally,  by  a  very  thin,  membra- 
nous reflection  from  the  pericardium.  The  mus- 
cular structure  of  which  it  is  constituted  is  much 
thicker  in  the  parictes  of  the  ventricle  than  in 
those  of  the  auricles.  Its  cavities  are  lined  by  a 
very  delicate  membrane,  the  endiictrdhtiii,  which 
is  continuous  with  the  inner  membrane  of  the 
arteries,  as  regards  the  left  cavities,  and  with  that 
of  the  veins,  as  regards  the  right.  Its  arteries— 
the  coronnri/  —  arise  from  the  commencement  of 
the  aorta.  Its  nerves  proceed,  chiefly,  from  the 
pneumogastric  and  the  cervical  ganglions  of  the 
great  sympathetic.  The  heart  is  the  great  agent 
in  the  circulation.  By  its  contraction,  the  blood 
is  sent  over  every  part  of  tho  body.  Its  action 
does  not  seem  to  be  dirert/i/  owing  to  nervous 
influence  received  from  the  brain  or  spinal  mar- 
row, or  from  both.  The  circulation  may,  indeed, 
be  kept  up,  for  some  time,  if  both  brain  and  spi- 
nal marrow  be  destroyed. 

When  the  ear  is  applied  to  the  chest,  a  dull, 
lengthened  sound  is  heard,  which  is  synchronous 
with  the  arterial  pulse.  This  is  instantly  suc- 
ceeded by  a  sharp,  quick  sound,  like  that  of  the 
valve  of  a  bellows  or  the  lapping  of  a  dog,  and 
this  is  followed  by  a  period  of  repose.  The  first 
sound  appears  to  be  mainly  produced  by  the  con- 
traction of  the  ventricles;  the  secoml,  by  the  re- 
flux of  the  blor)d  against  the  semilunar  valves. 
These  are  what  are  called  the  SoiinilD  of  the 
Heart,  (F.)  Bruits  flu  Ca-nr.  Dr.  C.  J. -B."  Wil- 
liams thinks  that  the  word  hihh-diip  conveys  a 
notion  of  the  two  soun<ls.  The  /ieatiii;/  or  //»- 
piihe  of  the  Jirart,  Ilcnrt-Htrohe,  Puhiin  seu  htns 
cordin,  (F.)  Imptdsioii  dii  Cocitr,  against  the  pari- 
etes  of  tho  chest,  is  mainly  caused,  perhaps,  by 
the  systole  of  the  heart,  which  tends  to  project  it 
forwards.  It  is  doubted,  however,  by  some, 
whether  the  impulsion  be  produced  by  the  dila- 
tation or  the  contraction  of  the  ventricles. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  different  ac- 
tions of  the  heart,  and  their  coincidence  with  its 
sounds  and  impulse.  It  presumes,  that  the  p'oriod 
from  the  coiuinonccment  of  one  pulsation  to  that 
of  another  is  divided  into  eight  parts;  and  if  the 
case  of  a  person,  whose  pulse  beats  sixty  times 
in  a  minute,  be  taken,  each  of  these  parts  will 
represent  the  eighth  of  a  second. 

Eighths  op  a  Second. 

Last  part  of  the  pause....!...  Auricles  contracting; 
ventricles  distend- 
ed. 

First  sound  and  impulse.. 4. ..Ventricles  contract- 
ing; auricles  dilat- 
ing. 

Second  sound 2. ..Ventricles    dilatjng; 

auricles  dilating. 

Pause 1... Ventricles    dilating  ; 

auricles  distended. 

The  heart  is  subject  to  different  organic  dis- 
eases; tho  chief  of  which  are  nneiin'im,  eniitrne- 
tinn  of  the  aprrtiirex,  and  rupture  of  its  pariffen. 

Heaht.  At'kopuy  of  THii,  Atroph'ia  sou  Ari- 
29 


du'rn  seu  Phthisig  Cordis,  Cnrdlntroph' ia,  Arnr- 
dlotroph'irt.  A  condition  of  the  organ  in  which 
there  is  diminution  in  the  thickness  of  the  pari- 
etos  f>f  the  whole  organ. 

Heart,  Beating  of  the,  see  Heart  —  b.  Dila- 
tation of  the,  see  Aneurism — h.  Displacement  of 
the,  Ectopia  Cordis — h.  Fatty,  Steatosis  cordis. 

Heart.  Hy'rEnTROPHY  of  the,  Htjpertroph'in 
Cordis,  Hypercor'din,  Hijpersarco'sis  Cordis,  Hij- 
percardlotroph'ia,  Curdinux'e,  Aneuryn'iiin  cor- 
dis acti'vum  (Corvisart),  Cor  hovi'uum  seu  ttinrf- 
num,  Enor'mitns  cordis,  (F.)  JLjpertrophie  dn 
Coeur.  Supernutrition  of  the  muscular  parietcs 
of  the  heart,  which  are  thicker  than  usual;  the 
cavities  being  generally  diminished.  The  ;>/;(/«- 
ic(d  signs  which  indicate  it  are  the  following.  In 
eases  of  long  standing,  tho  priccordial  region  is 
generally  prominent;  the  pulsations  of  the  heart 
are  visible  over  a  greater  extent  than  natural  ; 
and  a  marked  vibration  is  communicated  to  the 
hand  when  placed  on  the  cardiac  region.  The 
dull  sound  on  percussion  is  more  extensive  than 
natural;  and  on  auscultation  there  is  a  perma- 
nent increase  of  the  force  and  extent  of  tlic 
heart's  action  ;  there  is  no  increase,  however,  of 
frequency,  and  the  rhythm  is  regular.  The  pul.--e 
is  generally  strong,  full,  and  hard. 

Heart,   IlypERTnoPHV  with    Dilatation   ov 

THE,  Active  nu'eurism,  Eccen'tric  hij' jnrtrophij. 
In  this  affection,  the  pulsations  can  be  seen  and 
felt  over  a  larger  space,  and  the  apex  is  more  to 
the  left  and  lower  down  than  natural.  The  im- 
pulse is  less  steady,  but  at  times  more  violent 
than  that  which  accompanies  simple  hypertrophy. 
Percussion  gives  more  distinct  evidence  of  the 
enlargement,  the  sound  being  more  extensively 
dull.  On  auscultation,  the  impulse  is  often  vio- 
lent, but  irregular:  in  extreme  cases,  it  produces 
the  sensation  of  a  large  mass  of  flesh  rolling  or 
revolving  beneath  the  ear.  The  pulse  is  strong, 
full,  and  vibratory.  The  shock  of  the  heart's  ac- 
tion is  often  transmitted  to  the  whole  person,  and 
to  the  bed  on  which  the  patient  is  lying. 

Heart,  Concentric  Hypertrophy  op  the, 
(F.)  Ihjpcrtrophie  conceutrique,  llypertrophie 
ceiitript'te  dii  Coeur,  Retrait  rcutriculaire,  Cardi- 
arctie,  is  when  the  pariotes  augment  at  the  ex- 
pense of  the  cavities. 

Heart,  Impulse  op  the.  see  Heart  —  h.  Neu- 
ralgia of  the.  Angina  Pectoris — h.  Rupture  of  the, 
Cardiorrhexis  —  h.  Sounds  of  the,  see  Heart  —  h. 
Stroke,  see  Heart. 

HEART'S  EASE,  Polygonum  pcrsicaria,  Viola 
tricolor. 

HEARTS,  LYMPH,  Lymphatic  hearts  — h. 
Lymphatic,  Lvmphatic  hearts. 

HEARTAXES.  Ardor  ventric'uli. 

HEARTBURN,  Ardor  ventriculi,  Cardialgia. 

HEARTSCALD,  Ardor  ventriculi. 

HEART-SCIRTS.  Diaphragm. 

HEARTWORT,  Lascrpitinm  album. 

HEAT,  past  participle  of  Sax.  hae'^an,  'to  mako 
warm.'  Calor,  Tliermn,  ^tpnv-  (F.)  Ch(d<ur. 
The  material  cause,  which  produces  the  sensa- 
tion— or  the  particular  sensation  itself — produced 
by  a  bod3'  of  an  elevated  temperature,  on  our  or- 
gans, especially  on  the  organs  of  touch.  Modern 
chymists  have  given  the  name  Cafor'ie  to  tho 
principle,  whatever  may  be  its  nature,  wh'ch  i^^ 
the  cause  of  heat.  AVhen  we  touch  a  body  of  a. 
temperature  superior  to  our  own,  a  portion  of 
caloric  passes  from  tho  body  to  the  hand,  ami 
produces  the  sensation  of  hat.  If,  on  llic  con- 
trary, we  touch  a  body  of  a  temperature  inferior 
to  oiir  own.  we  communicate  a  portion  of  onr 
calorie  to  it,  and  experience  the  sensation  of  cold. 
Our  own  sensations  are  but  imj>erfect  indexes  of 
tein|>eraturc.  Two  men  meeting  at  the  middle 
of  a  mountain, — the  one  ascending,  the  other  de- 


HEAT 


450 


IT  E  A  T 


Fcendinjij,  —  will  experience  difFcrent  sensations. 
The  one  ascending,  passes  from  a  warmer  to  a 
colder  atinospliere;  —  the  one  descending  from  a 
collier  to  a  wanner. 

The  chief  instrument  for  measuring  heat,  used 


in  medieine,  is  the  thermonipter.  Of  this  there 
are  tlirce  kinds:  —  that  of  Fahrenheit,  tliat  of 
Reaumur,  niul  tliat  of  Celsius  or  the  Cciillyiddc. 
Tlie  followin;;  Table  exliihits  the  correspondeuco 
of  these  difierent  thcrmomotrie  scales. 


Fah. 

Ileau. 

Ccntl^. 

Fah. 

Reau. 

Centiu'. 

Fah. 

Keau. 

Centifc. 

Fah. 

Ittau. 

Ci^nliir. 

o 

o 

o 

o 

0 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

212a 

80.00 

100.00 

148 

51. .55 

64.44 

85 

23.55 

29.44 

22 

—  4.41 

—  5.55 

211 

79.55 

99.44 

147 

51.11 

6;!.8S 

84 

23.11 

28 .88 

21 

—  4.SS 

—  6.11 

2106 

79.11 

9S.88 

140 

50.1)0 

63.33 

83 

22.06 

28.33 

20(t 

—  6.33 

—  6.00 

2l)'J 

78.00 

98.33 

145 

50.22 

62.77 

82 

22.22 

27.77 

19 

—  5.77 

—  7.22 

208 

78.22 

97.77 

144 

49.77 

62.22 

81o 

21.77 

27 .22 

18 

—  6.22 

—  7.77 

207 

77.77 

97.22 

14;3 

49.33 

61 .60 

80 

21.33 

20.00 

17 

—  6.00 

—  8.:;3  1 

206 

77.33 

90.60 

Ulg 

48.88 

61.11 

79 

20.88 

20.11 

16 

—  7.11 

—  8.88 

205 

70.88 

90.11 

141 

48.44 

60..'-)5 

78 

20.44 

25.55 

15 

—  9.44 

204 

70.44 

95.55 

140 

48.00 

60.00 

77 

20.00 

25.00 

14 

—  8.00 

—  lii.OO 

203 

70.00" 

95.00 

139 

47.55 

59.44 

70p 

19.55 

24.44 

13 

—  8.44 

— 10..55 

2u2 

75.55 

94.44 

138 

47.11 

58.88 

75 

19.11 

2:^88 

12 

—  8.88 

—11.11 

201 

75.11 

93.88 

137 

40.66 

5S.33 

74 

18.00 

2:!..33 

11 

—  9.33 

—11.06 

200 

74.00 

93.33 

136 

40.22 

57.77 

73 

18.22 

22.77 

10 

—  9.77 

—12.22 

199 

74.22 

92.77 

135 

45.77 

57.22 

72 

17.77 

22/22 

9 

—10.22 

-12.77 

lys 

73.77 

92.22 

134 

45.33 

50.00 

71 

17.33 

21  .OiO 

8 

—10.00 

-13..".3 

19T 

73.33 

91.00 

133/i 

44.84 

50.11 

70 

10.88 

21.11 

7!' 

—11.11 

-13.88 

I'.tOc 

72.88 

91.11 

132 

44.45 

55.55 

69 

10.44 

20.55 

6 

—1 1 .55 

-ll.J) 

105 

72.44 

90.55 

131 

44.00 

55.00 

08 

1 0.00 

20.00 

6 

—12.00 

--l.'i.dll 

19-1 

72.00 

90.00 

130 

43.55 

54.44 

07 

15. .55 

19.44 

4 

—12.44 

—15.55 

193 

71.65 

89.44 

129 

43.11 

53.88 

00 

15.11 

18.88 

3 

-12.88 

—10.11 

192 

71.11 

88.88 

128 

42.66 

53.33 

05 

14.06 

18.33 

2 

—13.33 

— lo.fif; 

191 

70.66 

88.33 

127 

42.22 

52.77 

O-l 

14.22 

17.77 

1 

—13.77 

— 1:.22 

190 

70.22 

87.77 

126 

41.77 

52.22 

03 

13.77 

17.22 

0 

—14.22 

-17.77 

189 

69.77 

87.22 

125 

41.33 

51.00 

62 

13..33 

lO.rO 

—  1 

-14.06 

—IS  .33 

188 

69.33 

80.00 

124 

40.88 

51.11 

01 

12.88 

10.11 

—  2w 

—15.11 

— 18.8S 

187 

68.88 

80.11 

123 

40.44 

60.55 

00 

12.44 

15..55 

—  3 

—15.55 

—19.44 

180 

08.44 

85.55 

122 

40.00 

50.00 

59 

12.00 

15.00 

—  4 

— 10..00 

—20.00 

185 

68.00 

85.00 

121 

39.55 

49.44 

58 

11.55 

14.44 

—  5 

—10.44 

— 20.55 

184 

07.55 

84.44 

120 

39.11 

48.88 

57 

11.11 

i:!.8S 

—  6 

—16.88 

—21.11 

183 

07.11 

83.88 

119 

38.06 

48.33 

60 

10.00 

l.n..33 

—  7x 

—17.33 

—21.06 

182 

06.66 

83.33 

118 

38.22 

47.77 

55 

10.22 

12.77 

—  8 

—17.77 

—22.22 

181 

60.22 

82.77 

117 

37.77 

47.22 

54 

9.77 

12.22 

—  9 

—18.22 

ISO 

65.77 

82.22 

116 

37.33 

46.06 

53 

9.33 

11.(^0 

—10 

—18.60 

-23!33 

179 

65.33 

81.06 

115 

36.88 

46.11 

62 

8.88 

11.11 

— lly 

—19.11 

—23.88 

178rf 

04.88 

81.11 

114 

36.44 

45.55 

51 

8.44 

10..55 

-19.55 

— 2J44 

177 

64.44 

80.55 

113 

30.00 

45.00 

bOq 

8.00 

10.00 

—1.3 

—20.00 

—25  00 

176 

64.00 

80.00 

112 

35.55  - 

44.44 

49 

7.55 

9.44 

—14 

—20.44 

— 25  55 

175 

63.55 

79.44 

111 

35.11 

43.88 

48 

7.11 

8.88 

—15 

—20.88 

—2011 

174e 

63.11 

78.88 

llOt 

34.06 

43.33 

47 

6.60 

8.33 

—16 

—21.33 

—20  00 

173 

62.66 

^8.33 

109 

34.22 

42.77 

40 

6.22 

7.77 

—17 

—21.77 

—27.22 

172 

62.22 

77.77 

108 

33.77 

42.22 

45 

6.77 

7.22 

—18 

—22.22 

,-27.77 

171 

61.77 

77.22 

107 

33.33 

41.00 

44 

6.33 

0.00 

—19 

—22.06 

—28.58 

170 

61.33 

76.06 

lOC^' 

32.88 

41.11 

43 

4.88 

o.n 

—20 

—2.3.11 

—28.88 

ICO 

60.88 

70.11 

105 

32.44 

40.55 

42 

4.44 

—21 

—23.55 

-2941 

ir,S 

60.44 

75.55 

104/.: 

32.00 

40.00 

41 

4.00 

5.00 

22 

—24.00 

—30.00 

liuf 

60.00 

75.00 

103 

31.55 

39.44 

40 

3.55 

4.44 

—23 

—24.44 

—30.55 

lf)6 

59.55 

74.44 

102J 

31.11 

38.88 

39 

3.11 

3.^8 

—24 

—24.88 

—31.11 

105 

59.11 

73.88 

101 

.•^0.66 

38.33 

38 

2.66 

3.:',3 

—25 

—25.33 

—31.09 

lf4 

5S.06 

73.33 

loom 

30.22 

37.77 

37 

2.22 

'    2.77 

—26 

—25.77 

—32.22 

103 

58.22 

72.77 

99 

29.77 

37.22 

36 

1.77 

—27 

—20.22 

32.77 

102 

57.77 

72.22 

9Sn 

29..';3 

30.06 

35 

■  1.33 

hOO 

—28 

—20.06 

-33!3:; 

101 

57  ..33 

71.00 

97 

28.88 

36.11 

34 

0.88 

1.11 

—29 

—27.11 

—33.88 

100 

56.88 

7i.n 

96 

28.44 

35.55 

33 

0.44 

0.55 

—30 

—27.55 

—3444 

159 

56.44 

70.55 

95 

28.00 

35.00 

32r 

0.00 

0.00 

—31 

-28.84 

—35.00 

158 

50.00 

70.00 

94 

27.55 

34.44 

31 

—0.44 

—0.55 

—32 

-28.00 

—85.55 

157 

55.55 

69.44 

93 

27.11 

33.SS 

30.? 

—0.88 

-1.61 

—33 

—28.88 

—30.18 

156 

55.11 

68.88 

92 

26.66 

33.33 

29  . 

—1.33 

—1.60 

—34 

—29.33 

—30.06 

155 

54.(i6 

68.33 

91 

26.22 

32.77 

2R< 

—1.77 

—2.22 

—35 

—29.77 

.ny  22 

154 

54.22 

67.77 

SO 

25.77 

32.22 

27 

—2.22 

—2.77 

—36 

—30.22 

-.'■.7!77 

153 

53.77 

67.22 

89 

25.33 

31.06 

26 

—2.06 

—3.33 

—37 

—30.06 

— 8S.23 

152 

5:i.33 

66.06 

88 

24.88 

31.11 

25 

—3.11 

—3.88 

—38 

—.31.11 

—38.88 

151 

52.88 

60.11 

87 

24.44  • 

30.55 

24 

—3.55 

—4.44 

—■■m 

—.31.55 

—30.44 

150 

52.44 

65.55 

86 

24.00 

30.00 

23 

— l.OO 

—5.00 

—40 

—32.00 

-40.00 

149 

52.00 

65.00 

1 

a  Water  hoils  (Barnm.  30  ivches.) 

b  llaat  of  a  stove,  borne  by  Dr.  So- 
lamler. 

c  Hoat  of  a  stove,  borne  for  10  mi- 
•iute.«  by  Sir  Joseph  Banks  and  Dr. 
Solander. 

d  Water  simmers. 

e.  Alcohol  iKiiLs. 

J'  Very  pure  ether  distilfl. 

g  Bi'cs'  wax  niclts. 

h  Spermaceti  melts. 


i  Temperature  at  which  liquids 
are  often  drunk. 

j  Heat  ob.'^evved  in  Scarlnfina. 

/.•Temperature  of  the  common  ben. 

I  Temper.'itxire  of  arterial  blond.  [?] 

TO  Temperature  of  venous  blood. 
Phosphorus  melts. 

n  Kther  hoils.   o  Nitric  ether  boils. 

p  Muriatic  ether  IkpIIs. 

7  Medium  temperature  of  the 
globe.  r  Ice  melts. 


.f  Milk  fieezes. 

t  Viiie^'ar  fieczes. 

?/  Stroiijr  wine  freezes. 

V  A  mixture  of  one  part  of  alcolm! 
and  three  of  water  freezes. 

1/'  Cold  at  the  battle  of  Kylnu,  1?07 

r  A  mixture  of  equal  parts  of  al- 
cohol and  water  freezes. 

y  A  mixture  of  two  parts  of  alco- 
hol and  one  of  water  freezes. 

z  Melting  point  of  quicksilver. 


To  reduce  Centigrade  degrees  to  thone  of  Fah- 
renheit, multiply  by  9,  divide  by  5,  and  add  32; 
thus.  40°  Cent.  X  9  -f-  5  +  32  =  104°  Fahr.  To 
reduce  Fnlireiiheil.'a  der/rees  to  tlioxenf  Centigrade, 
subtract  32,  multiply  hy  5,  and  divide  by  9:  thus, 


104°  Fuhr.—^2  X  5  -e-  9  =  40°  Cent.  To  re- 
duce  Rertumxtr's  dcf/reen  to  tliune  of  FfihrenJiext, 
multiply  by  9,  divide  by  4.  and  add  32:  thus,  32° 
lienMm.  X  9  -^  4  +  32  =  104°  Ffihr.  To  redw.e 
Fakreiiheit's  degrees  to  those  of  Reaumur,  subtract 


HEAT 


451 


HECTIC   FEVER 


S2,  mill ti ply  by  4,  and  divide  by  9:  thus,  104° 
Fiihr.  — 32  X  4  —  9  =  32  Iteaum..  To  reduce 
lUnHvmr's  detjreeH  to  those  of  Geutigrrtde,  multi- 
ply by  5,  and  divide  by  4:  thus  32°  Rinum. 
X  5  -^  4  =  40°  Cent.  ;  and,  lastly,  to  reduce  Cen- 
ti<li-(ide  dei/reen  to  those  of  Itenuiimr,  multiply  by 
4,'  and  divide  by  5  :  thus,  40°  Cent.  X  4  -^  5  =  32° 
Jthtnm. 

Fahrenheit. 


Centigrade. 


Reaumur. 


Thermometers. 

The  human  body  can  bear  a  high  degree  of 
heat  diffused  in  the  atmosphere.  There  are  cases 
on  record,  where  air  of  400°  and  upwards,  of 
Fahrenheit's  scale,  has  been  breathed  with  im- 
punity for  a  short  time.  It  can  likewise  with- 
stand very  severe  cold.  In  the  expedition  of 
Capt.  Back  to  the  Arctic  regions,  the  thermome- 
ter was  as  low  as  —  70°  of  Fahr.,  and  Sir  George 
Simpson  affirms,  that  it  has  fallen  in  Siberia  to 
—  83°,  or  115°  below  the  freezing  point.  Dr. 
Kane,  in  the  Arctic  regions,  in  1853-54,  observed 
the  range  of  eleven  spirit  thermometers,  selected 
as  standards,  to  vary  from  —  60°  to — 75°.  The 
mean  annual  temperature  was  5°. 2  —  the  lowest 
ever  registered. 

Excessive  heat  disposes  the  body  to  gastric 
and  intestinal  diseases,  and  particularly  to  in- 
flammation and  enlargement  of  the  liver;  hence, 
the  frequency  of  such  affections  within  the  torrid 
zone.  Heat  is  often  used  therapeutically  :  the 
actual  cautery,  at  a  white  heat,  disorganizes  the 
parts  to  which  it  is  applied:  a  lesser  degree  occa- 
sions violent  inflammation.  Heat  higher  than 
that  of  the  human  body  is  excitant;  of  a  lower 
degree,  sedative.  Excessive  cold  acts  as  a  power- 
ful sedative  —  inducing  sleep,  the  tendency  to 
which,  after  long  exposure,  becomes  irresistible. 
See  Cold.  Many  of  the  topical  applications  —  as 
cataplasms — act  wholly  by  virtue  of  their  warmth 
and  moisture. 

Heat,  Ardor  vene' reus,  PrHr{'tus,{Y.)  Chnleurs, 
Chidturs  des  Animanx,  Hut,  is  the  periodical  sex- 
ual desire  experienced  by  animals, — O^strua'tion. 
It  is  supposed  by  some  to  be  owing  to  the  periodi- 
cal mntiiration  and  discharge  of  ova, — Omda'tion. 

Hkat,  Acrid,  see  Acrid — h.  Animal,  see  Ani- 
marileat. 

Hkat  Apoplexy,  see  Coup-de-soleil. 

Hkat,  Inteu'nal,  (F.)  Chahur  interne,  is  a 
sensatitm  of  heat  felt  by  the  patient,  but  not  sen- 
fible  to  the  touch.  External  h«at,  (F.)  Chaleur 
rxtfrieure.  that  which  can  be  felt  by  others. 
Ileal,  Ardor,  is  called  moist,  (P.)  kalileitae;  when 


accompanied  with  moisture,  like  that  felt  after 
bathing;  </r^,  (F.)  secAc,  when  the  skin  has  not 
its  ordinary  softness.  It  is  called  acrid  and  pnii- 
'jeut,  (F.)  acre  et  mordicoute,  when  it  conveys  a 
disagreeable  tingling  to  the  fingers.  The  French 
emploj'  the  terms  nervous  heat  and  errut'ic  heat, 
Chulenr  nerveuse  and  Ch(deur  erratique,  for  that 
which  comes  by  flushes,  alternating  with  chills, 
and  whi<-h  moves  rapidly  from  one  part  to  an- 
other. M.  Double  has  used  the  term  septic  heat, 
(F.)  Chaleur  septique,  for  that  which  produces  a 
pungent  sensation  on  the  hand,  similar  to  that 
of  the  acrid  heat,  but  milder  and  more  uniform, 
and  which  is  accompanied  with  feebleness  and 
frequency  of  pulse,  <fec. 

Heat,  Prickly,  Lichen  tropicus. 

HEATH,  COMMON,  Erica  vulgaris. 

HEATHER,  Erica  vulgaris. 

HEATHER-CLU,  Malleolus. 

HEAUTOPHONICS,  see  Autophonia. 

HEAVINESS,  Somnolency. 

HEAVING,  Vomiturition. 

HEAVY,  Gra-ris,  (F.)  Graratif  from  8ax. 
heapan,  'to  heave.'  An  epithet  given  to  any 
pain  which  consists  in  a  sensation  of  weight  or 
heaviness,  or  is  accompanied  by  such  sensation. 

HEBDOMADAL  CYCLE,  see  Cycle. 

HEBDOMADARIA,  Octana. 

HEBE,  'ly/Jiy,  Juven'ta,  Juveu'tas,  Jureii'tus, 
flora.  In  antiquity,  the  goddess  of  puberty. 
The  word  has  been  employed  to  designate,  1. 
The  first  hair  that  grows  on  the  pubes,  2.  Tho 
pubic  region,  and  3.  Puberty. 

HEBETES,  Adolescens. 

HEBETOR,  Adolescens. 

HEBETUDO  ANIMI,  Imbecility  —  h.  Den- 
tium,  Hasmodia — h.  Visus,  Amblyopia,  Astheno- 
pia, Caligo. 

HEBRADENDRON  CAMBOQIOIDES,  see 
Cambo^a. 

HEBREWS,  MED'ICINE  OF  THE.  Medi- 
cine seems  to  have  been  at  a  very  low  ebb  with 
the  ancient  Hebrews.  Of  anatomy  they  knew 
nothing.  Their  pliysiolo;/;/  was  imperfect  and 
filled  with  superstitions;  and  their  thernpeuficH 
unsatisfactory.  Ifi/r/iene  appears  to  have  been 
most  attended  to.  Of  the  other  departments  of 
medicine  we  cannot  judge  of  their  knowledge. 

IlECATOMA  PA'LUSTRIS,  Ranunculus  sce- 
leratus. 

HECATOMPIIYLLUM,  Rosa  centifolia 

IIECH,  Anhelatio. 

HEt'K BERRY,  Prunus  padus. 

HEC'TEUS,  '[ktcvs.  a  Greek  measure,  con- 
taining about  72  chopines  or  pints. 

HECTIC  FEVER,  Febris  hcc'tica  scu  phthis'. 
ica  seu  tnarasmo'des  seu  tah'ida  seu  Ititta  seu 
amjihinier'ina  hcc'tica  seu  anialo'ria,  JJecticop'- 
yra,  Hecticopyr'etos,  Hcc'tica,  Aiuphtuier'ina  h(c'- 
tica,  Synteciiji'yra,  Syntecticop'yra,  Marasmoi)'- 
yrn,  Leucopyr'ia,  Epan'etus  hcc'tica,  Chloro'sis 
amato'ria,  Ettick,  (Sc.)  Ethik,  Etick,  (F.)  Fievre 
Hectique  ou  Etique,  from  't^is,  '  habit  of  body  ;' 
because  in  this  disease!  every  part  of  the  body  is 
emaciated  ;  or,  perhaps,  from  eKTt]K<i>,  '  I  consume,' 
'  I  am  exhausted.'  The  name  of  a  slow,  continued, 
or  remittent  fever,  which  generally  accompanies 
the  end  of  organic  aficctions,  and  has  been  es- 
teemed idiopathic,  although  it  is  probably  always 
symptomatic.  It  is  the  fever  of  irritation  and 
debility;  and  is  characterized  by  progressive  ema- 
ciation, frequent  pulse,  hot  skin,  —  especially  of 
the  palms  of  the  hands  and  soles  of  the  feet, — 
and,  towards  the  end,  colliquative  sweats  and 
diarrhoea.  Being  symptomatic,  it  can  only  he 
removed  by  getting  rid  of  the  original  affection. 
This  is  generally  difficult,  and  almost  hopeless  in 
the  disease  which  it  most  commonly  accompa- 
nies,— consumption. 


IIECTICA 


452 


IIELICINE 


HECTICA,  Hectic  Fever— b.  Infantilis,  Fever, 
infantile  remittent. 

HECTICOPYRA,  Hectic  fever. 
HECTICOPYRETOS,  Hectic  fever. 
HEC'TISIS,  (F.)  Etlsie.    Same  etymon.    The 
state  of  those  who  tiave  hectic  fever. 

HECTOGRAMME,  Hectoijram'ma,  from  'cKa- 
Tov,  '  a  hundred,' a\u\  yfiuniia.  A  measure  of  100 
grammes,  i.  e.,  3  ounces,  1  drachm,  and  44  grains, 
Troy. 

HECTOLITRE.      A  measure  containing  100 
litres  or  26.42  wine  pints. 
HECUSIUS,  Voluntary. 

HEDEO'MA.  Herleo'iiia  pnlegio'i'des,  Cuni'la 
puleffioVdes,  Melin'sri  pulerjio'iden,  Peiiin/royal, 
Tickweed,  Stinlcinr;  Balm,  Si/unwmhit.  Sex.  Si/nt. 
Diandria  Monogynia  :  Not.  Ord.  LabiatiB.  From 
'nivs,  'agreeable.'  An  indigenous  plant,  common 
in  all  parts  of  the  United  States,  and  which, 
■where  it  is  abundant,  perfumes  the  air  for  a  con- 
siderable distance.  It  is  employed  in  the  same 
cases  as  the  mints  and  the  English  pennyroyal. 
In  popular  practice  it  is  used  as  an  emmenagogue. 
The  O'/eiun  Hrdco'mce  (Ph.  U.  S.)  or  0!/  of 
Peniii/roijtd  is  used  a?  a  stimulating  carminative, 
dropped  on  su<;ar.  Dose,  2  to  6  drops. 
IIP^DERA  ARBOREA,  H.  Helix. 
Hkd'era  Helix,  Iled'era  nrho'rea,  Bnc'chica, 
Ctssos,  Ktaaoi,  Cittnn,  kittos,  Ed'ern,  Con/mhe'trn, 
Cory  III' bos,  (Sc.)  Bind  wood.  Ivy,  (F.)  Lierre,  L. 
Commnn  ou  r/n'mp((iif.  Ord.  Araliacese.  The 
taste  o{  ivy  hnven  is  bitter,  styptic,  and  nauseous. 
They  are  not  used  in  medicine.  According  to 
Haller,  they  were  recommended  in  Germany 
ugainst  the  atrophy  of  children  ;  and  the  common 
people  of  England  sometimes  apply  them  to  run- 
ning sores  and  to  keep  issues  open.  The  berries 
were  supposed,  by  the  ancients,  to  have  an  emetic 
and  purgative  quality  ;  and  a  watery  extract  was 
made  from  them,  called  by  Quercetanus  Extrac- 
tnm  purr/niis.  From  the  stalk  of  the  tree  a  re- 
sinous juice  exudes,  in  warm  climates,  called 
Giimmi  Iled'era,  Ivy  Gum,  (F.)  Gumme  dc  lierre, 
Risine  de  lierre.  It  is  possessed  of  tonic  and 
astringent  properties,  but  is  not  used. 

Hedrua  Tbuuestius,  Gleohoma  hederacea, 
HEDERULA,  Glechoma  hederacea. 
HEDE,  Head. 
HEDEVERK,  Cephalalgia. 
IIEDEWARK,  Cephalalgia. 
HEDISARUM  ALHAGI,  Agul. 
HEDRA,  'lifia,  'i^i>ri,  'a  vestige,'  'a  seat.'     A 
seat.     A  fracture  of  the  bones  of  the  cranium,  in 
which  the  trace  of  the  fracturing  instrument  is 
.still  perceptible.     It  was,  also,  used  by  the  an- 
cients, for  the   anus,  the    breech,    excrement,  a 
Ijrivy,  a  night-chair,  and  for  the  bottom  of   an 
abscess. 

HEDROCELE,  Proctocele. 
HEDYCirROUM,  from  'nfv;,  'agreeable,'  and 
Xpo"'  'colour.'     A  remedy  of  a  pleasant  colour. 
Applied  to  certain  trochs,  the  chief  constituent  of 
wliich  was  theriao. 

HEDYPHO'NIA,  from  Vuj,  'sweet,'  and  ^avn, 
'voice.'     Sweetness  of  voice. 

HEDYPXEUS'TUS,  ffedyp'nous,  from  ';;^..<r. 
'sweet,'  and  nvsoi,  'I  breathe.'  Breathing  sweetly 
or  softlv.     Smelling  sweetly. 

HEDYPNOIS  TARAXACUM,  Leontodon  ta- 
raxacum. 

HEDYSARUM  ALHAGI,  Agul. 
HEDYSMA.  Condiment. 
HEEL,  see  Calcaneum  —  h.  Clubfoot,  see  Kyl- 
losis. 

HEGH,  Anhelatio. 
HEIL,  Snnitas. 

HELCENTERITIS,  Dothinenteritis. 
IIELCOC'ACE,    Cackelco'ma,   from   'eXws, 


'ulcer,'     and     KuKrj,    'badness.'       A    malignant 
ulcer. 

HELCODES,  Ulcerated,  Ulcerous. 
HELCOL'OGY.  Ihlcohg 'ia,  from  'fX«of,  'nl- 
cer,  and  \oyoi,  'discourse.'     Tlie  doctrine  of,  or 
a  treatise  on,  ulcers. 
HELCOMA,  Ulcer. 
HELCOMENIA,  Menelcosis. 
HELUOPHTHAL'MIA,  Ophthal'miit  ulvero'„ti. 
Ophthalmia  with  ulceration. 

HEL'COPLASTY,  Hel'koplnety,  EVkoplnnly, 
E/c'o])/«sty ;  from  'cAifoj,  'an  ulcer,'  and  nSaao't, 
'  I  form.'  An  operation  which  consists  in  griifting 
on  an  ulcer  a  piece  of  skin  from  the  opposite 
limb,  or  from  the  limb  of  another  person,  when 
the  destruction  of  skin  is  too  great  to  permit  the 
healing  i)rocess. 

HEL'COS,  from  'cXkos.  'an  ulcer.'  Hence: 
HELCOSIS,  Elcosis,  Ulceration — h.  Cerebri, 
Encephalopyosis — h.  Laryngis,  Phthisis  laryngca 
— h.  Pulmonalis,  Phthisis  pnluKpnalis — h.  Rena- 
lis,  Nephrelcosis  —  h.  Uteri,  see  Metrophthisis  — 
h.  Vesicas.  Cystophthisis. 

HELCOSTAPllYLO'MA,  from  'fX-co?,  'ulcer,' 
and  0Taf)i)Xw/i«,  'staphyloma.'  Staphyloma  end- 
ing in  ulceration. 

HELCOXERO'SIS,  from    'eAx-oj,    'ulcer,'  and 
^v/J^ffi?,  'dryness.'     The  drying  of  an  ulcer. 
HELCTICA.  Epispastics. 
IIELCUS.  Ulcer. 

HELCYD'RION,  Ilehyd'rinm,  't\Kvipiov,  III- 
cun'ciditm,  a  small  ulcer,  a  superficial  ulceration 
of  the  cornea. — (Jalcn,  Paulus,  Foesius. 

HELCYS'TER,  'cXuvarrip.  from  'tAKu, '  T  draw.' 
An  iron  hook  or  crotchet  for  extracting  the  foetus. 
See  Crotchet. 

HELENIUM,  Inula  helenium. 
Hklkn'ium  Autumna'le,  Fohe  Sunfownr, 
Siieezewort,  Siieezeweed,  Sicuiiip  Sii»Jlov>er,  Yrl- 
Inw  star.  Ox-eye.  Ord.  Compositae.  An  indi- 
genous herb,  with  large  golden-yellow  compound 
flowers,  which  appear  in  August.  All  its  parts 
are  bitter  and  somewhat  acrid,  and  when  snuffed 
up  the  nostrils  in  powder  are  powerful  sternu- 
tatories. 

HELIAN'THEMUM  CANADEN'SE.  Clihii 
CdiKideii'sii,  I'rostwort,  Frostinecd,  Frost  piniil, 
Iio(d:.  rose.  Ord.  CistaceiP.  An  herbaceous  plant, 
Helianthemmn  (Ph.  U.  S.),  having  large  yellow 
flowers,  which  grows  in  all  parts  of  the  United 
States,  and  flowers,  in  the  Middle  States,  in  June. 
It  has  an  astringent,  slightly  aromatic,  and 
bitterish  taste.  It  has  been  prescribed  in  scrofiiln, 
hut  probably  is  nothing  more  than  an  aromatic 
tonic. 

Helian'tiiemfm  Corymbo'sum,  Roch-  rose,  an 
indigenous  plant,  is  used  in  the  same  casts. 
HELIASIS,  Astrabolismus.  Insolation. 
HELICH'RYSUM  NUDIFO'LIUM,  Coffer- 
ten.  A  South  African  plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Coinpo- 
sitfe,  which  is  demulcent,  and,  in  the  form  of  in- 
fusion, is  recommended  in  catarrh,  phthisis,  and 
other  pulmonary  affections. 

Hklichuysi'm  Srrpyllifo'lium,  Hollenlni's 
ten,  and  Helichrysum  Aukicula'tum  have  simi- 
lar virtues. 

HELICTA,  Age. 

HELTCINE, 7A(7("c"!"hh«,  HeUcoi'des,  Helico'- 
des,  from  he/ix,  helicis,  'the  tendril  of  the  vine.' 
Resembling  in  form  the  tendril  of  the  vine. 

IIrlicine  AnxERiES  of  the  penis,  as  described 
by  J.  Miiller,  are  short  vessels  given  off  from  the 
larger  branches,  as  well  as  from  the  finest  twigs 
of  the  artery  of  the  organ  :  most  of  those  cnine 
off  at  a  right  angle,  and  project  into  the  cavity 
of  the  spongy  substance,  either  terminating  ab- 
ruptly or  swelling  out  into  a  club-like  process 
without  again  subdividing.  Almost  all  these 
vessels  arc  bent  like  a  horn,  so  that  the  end  (Ic- 


IIELICIS   MAJOR 


4r,3 


HEMACIIROIN 


gffriljcs  h.ilf  a  circle  or  somewhat  more.  They 
hiive  a  great  resembhince  to  the  tendrils  of  the 
vine,  whence  their  name.  A  minute  examina- 
tion of  them,  either  with  the  lens  or  the  micro- 
t^cope,  shows  that,  although  they  at  all  times 
projwt  into  the  vtfMous  cavities  of  the  corpora 
cavernosa,  they  are  not  entirely  naked,  but  are 
covered  with  a  delicate  membrane,  which,  under 
the  microscope,  appears  granular. 

IIEL'ICIS  MAJOR.  A  muscle  of  the  ear, 
wliich  originates  from  the  anterior,  acute  part  of 
the  helix,  upon  which  it  ascends  and  is  inserted 
into  the  helix.  It  pulls  the  part  into  which  it  is 
inserted  a  little  downwards  and  forwards. 

Hki.icis  Minor.  This  muscle  originates  from 
the  under  and  fore  part  of  the  helix,  and  is  in- 
serted into  the  helix,  near  the  fissure  in  the  carti- 
lage, opposite  the  concha.  Its  use  is  to  contract 
the  fissure. 
IIELICOIDES,  Helicine. 

IIELICOTRE'MA,  from  'tA/f,  'helix,  cochlea,' 
iind  Tpriiia,  'a  foramen.'     The  hole  by  which  the 
two  scala'  of  the  cochlea  communicate  at  the  apex. 
HELIEXCEPHALITIS,  see  Coup  de  Soleil. 
RELKJMUS,  Convolution. 
IIELIKIA,  Age. 
IIELIONOSIS,  Insolation. 
IIELIOSCIADIUM     NODIFLORUIVI,    Slum 
nodillorum. 

HELIOSIS,  Astrabolismus,  Insolation. 
HELIOTROPE,  Heliotropium  Europaum. 
IIELIOTROPION,  Cichorium  intybus. 
IlELIOTRO'PIUM    EUROPyF/UM,   //.  erec- 
liini    scu    ciuien'cens    seu    snpi'iiniii.    Verruca' ria. 
Tiie   Ilc'liotrnpe,  (F.)    Touniennl,  llerhc   aux  ver- 
mes.    Ord.    BoraginacciB.     This    plant   is    con- 
sidered to  possess  aperient  properties;  and  to  be 
capable  of  destroying   cutaneous   excrescences; 
hence  one  of  its  names. 

Hrliotuoi'Iiim  In'dicum,  an  East  India  plant, 
naturalized  in  some  of  the  Western  and  Southern 
States,  probalily  has  similar  virtues. 

HELIX,    'fXif,     C((pre'oliii>,     from     ei^etv,     'to 
envelop,'    'to    roll.'      The    fold    is    thus    called, 
which  forms  the  outer  circumfcrance  or  ring  of 
the  external  ear. 
Hklix,  Limax. 

Helix  Pomatia,  (F.)  Limn^nn,  Colimaqnn,  Es- 
rargot.  A  large  kind  of  snail,  transported  from 
the  south  of  Europe  to  England  by  Sir  Kenehne 
Digby,  for  his  lady  when  in  a  decline.  It  was 
cnnsiilcred  highly  restorative. 
HELLA.  Incubus. 

HELLEI^ORASTEK.  Ilelleborus  fcetidus  — h. 
Fiotidus,  Ilcllolionis  fuetidus. 

HELLEBOUE.  Dracontinm  frotidum— h.  Ame- 
rican.Veratriun  viride — h.  IJlack,  Ilelleborus  niger 
—  /).  nintir,  Veratrum  album  —  b.  Green,  Ilelle- 
borus viridis  —  h.  Nolr,  Ilelleborus  niger  —  h. 
Stinking.  Ilelleborus  firtidus — h.  Swamp,  Vera- 
trum viride — h.  White,  Veratrum  album. 

IIELLEBOUIS'MUS,  EllelwnS'mu-i.  The  me- 
thod of  treating  disease,  amongst  the  ancients,  by 
hollebore.  This  comprised  not  only  the  choice, 
jireparation,  and  administration  of  the  medicine, 
but,  likewise,  the  knowledge  and  employment  of 
lireliminary  precautions  and  remedies  proper  for 
Hiding  its  action,  and  preventing  the  pernicious 
ciTects  which  it  might  occasion. 

HELLEHORUS.  11.  niger— h.  Albus,  Veratrum 
clbuin  —  h.  Grandiflorus,  H.  niger  —  h.  Trifolius, 
C'lptis. 

IIi:i.I,En'0RfS  FcF-'TinrS,  Hellehnms'ter,  EUe- 
hnraater,  SthiL-hif/  IJcl'Ubore  or  Bfor'n  foot,  Sct- 
t'-rwnrt,  (F.)  Hell  chore  ou  Ellebore  /elide,  Pied  de 
(iriffnn.  Ord.  Ranunculaceae.  The  leaves  of 
this  plant  are  said  to  be  anthelmintic.  The 
ainell  of  the  fresh  plant  is   extremely  fetid,  and 


the  taste  bitter  and  acrid.     It  usually  acts  as  a 
cathartic. 

Hblleborus  Niger,  H.  gmndiflo'rus,  Elleh'- 
orus  niger,  Mctavipo'dium,  Jlehiuorrhi'zuiii,  Ec'- 
toiiiun,  /Hack  Uel'lehore,  Mehtmpode,  ChriclinHi 
Hose,  Clove-touijue,  (F. )  Hellebore  itoir.  Tho 
root  of  this  European  plant^ — Helleborua,  (Ph. 
U.  S.) — has  a  disagreeable  odour,  and  bitter, 
acrid  taste.  It  is  possessed  of  cathartic  proper- 
ties, and  has  been  recommended  as  an  euimena- 
gogue.  It  has  been  given  in  mania,  melancholia, 
dropsy,  suppressed  menses,  <fec.  Dose,  gr.  x  to 
9j,  as  a  cathartic. 

Hellbborus    Vir'idis,     Green    Hellebore.       A 
European  plant,  naturalized  on  Long  Island,  has 
similar  properties  to  the  last. 
IIELLECEBRA,  Sedum. 

HELLENIA  GRANDIFLORA,  Costus. 

HELMET-FLOWER,  YELLOW,  Aconitum 
Anthora. 

HELMET  POD,  Jeffersonia  Bartoni. 

HELMINS,  genitive,//e/j?n'7(Mo8, plur.  Helmin'- 
thes  seu  Ehnin'thes,  from  'iXftivi,  'a  worm.'  A 
worm;  an  cntozoon  : — hence: 

HELMINTHAGOGUE,  Anthelmintic. 

HELMINTHI,  Worms. 

HELMINTH  I  A,  Helminthiasis  — h.  Alvi, 
Worms. 

Helmin'thia  Errat'ica.  Worms,  introduced 
by  accident  and  without  finding  a  proper  habita- 
tion in  the  stomach  or  intestines;  producing 
spasmodic  colic,  with  severe  tormina,  and  oc- 
casionally vomiting  or  ejections  of  blood;  tho 
12th  genus  of  the  order  Enteriea,  class  Coeliucii, 
of  Good. 

Hei.minthia  Ponins,  Worms. 

HELMINTIU'ASIS,  Hclwiiifhor/en'esis.  A 
generic  name  for  the  condition  which  gives  occa- 
sion to  tho  presence  of  intestinal  worms.  It  is, 
also,  called  Hchiiin'tliio,  Verniiiia'lio,  Jforhun  rei- 
I  mino'aus,  Status  vermiiio'sus,  Sabur'ravermiuo'sn, 
Seoleci'asis,  Scoleee'sis,  Entozootjen' esis,  Parasi- 
tln'inus  intestiiia'lis;  Worni  disease,  Invermina'liou. 
See  Worms. 

HELMINTHIC.  Anthelmintic. 

HELMINTHOCHORTUM,  Corallina  Corsi- 
eana. 

HELJIINTIIOCOLICA,  Colica  verminosa. 

HELMINTHOCORTON.  Corallina  Corsicana. 

HELMINTH OGENESIS,  Helminthiasis. 

HELMINTHOL'OGY,  Helmimholog" in,  from 
heliiiius,  lielminthiis,  and  \oyoi,  'a  description.' 
A  treatise  on  worms. 

HELMINTHONCUS,  Malis  — h.  Medinensis, 
Dracnnculus. 

HELMINTHOP'YRA,  Helminthojnjr'ftos,  Fe- 
bris  vennitio'sa,  from  lielmins,  heliin'ntlios,  and 
Ti/),  'a  fever.'  Fever  occasioned  by  worms.  See 
Fever,  verminous. 

HELMINTHOPYRETOS,  Helminthopyra. 

HELMINTHUS  GORDH,  Seta  equina. 

HELODES.  Elodcs. 

HELOXIAS  DIOICA,  Chamailerium  luteum— 
h.  Erythrosperina,  Amianthum  musca'tnxicum — • 
h.  Lutea,  Chamiulerium  lutcum — h.  Officinalis, 
see  Veratrina. 

HELOPYRA,  Elodes  (febris^. 

HELOPYKETUS.  Elodes  (febrisl. 

IIELOS,  Clavus,  Marsh. 

HELO'SIS,  Helo'tin:  from 'f/Xw,  'I  turn.'  Ever- 
sion  of  the  eyelids,  and  convulsions  of  the  muscles 
of  the  eves.     Plica  Polonica.     Strabismus. 

HELOTIS,  Helosis.  Plica.. 

HELUS.  Clavus,  Helos. 

HELVELLA  ESCULENTA,  Morchella  escu- 
lenta. 

HELXINE.  Parietaria. 

HEMACHROIN,  Hatmatin. 


II  EM  A  D  YXA  METRE 


4  5  1 


IT  E  M 1  s  r  II  r:  r  e 


HEMADYNAMETKE,  Ilremadynaniometer. 

HEM  AT)  YNAMIQUE  Iliemadynauiics. 

HEMAPERITOXUtlilfAGIE,  HcBwaperito- 

tiin-h(iy"ia  ;  from  'ui^ia,  '  blood,'  peritoiiavm,  and 

prjyvviit,  '  I   break    forth.'     Ileiiiurrbage  into  the 

peritoneum. 

HEMAI'ROCTIE.  Ilsemorrhois. 
HE  MAST  A  TIQ  UES,  llajmatostatica. 
IIEMATIDROSE,  Sudor  cruentus. 
IIEMATIN,  HaMnatin. 
HEM  A  TO-ENCEFHALfE,  Apoplexy. 
HEMATOID,  IIiT^matodes. 
HEM  A  TO'tDIKE,  Htematoidin. 
HEM  A  TULOdlE,  Haematology. 
HEMATOLO(iY,  Hematology. 
HEM  ATOM  YE  LIE,  Hemonhngie  de  la  3!o- 
elie  Epiiiiere. 

HEMATONCIE,  Hsematoneus,  see  Ilaemato- 
des  fungus — /(.  F<ii>(/oide,  Iltematodes  fungus. 
HEMATOPISIE,  Hamatops. 
HEMATORRHAOHIS,  Apoplexia  inyelitica. 
]IEMATO.SIN,  Hiematin. 
IIEMATOSTATICS,  Ilsematostatica. 
HEM  A  TOST  A  TIQ  UES,  Hiumatostatica. 
HEM  A  TOZOA  IR  ES,  Htematoz.oa. 
HEMEXDOOA RDE,  lliemendocardiura. 
HEMERA,  'tititpa,  'a  day.'     Dien.     Hence: 
HEMERALOPIA,  see  Nyctalopia. 
llKMKiiALo'i'iA,    from    'ny^cpa,  'the    Any,'    and 
oTiTOftai,    '  I    see.'      Hmmeralopt,    Di/no'pia    seu 
Oali'ijo   teiifhra'rum,  Parop'sia  Noctif'iiyn,    Visns 
diiir'n}!),  Nyetalo'pia   (of  Kotiie),  Ni/ctoljjphlo'ni'i, 
Anihlyo'pia  crcpKsciila' n'n,  Cacilim  crepiiKculn' i-in 
seu    uoctiir'nn,    A'cies    di'iir'iia,    Eay-night,   D<t\j- 
vinion,  Hen  bliiiditenK,  Night  hUndiiefm,  Noctnr'md 
Anianro'nis,    (F.)     Vne    diiinie,    Aveuglcment     de 
Niiit.     A  disease,  in   whieli   the  eyes  enjoy  the 
faculty  of   seeing,  whilst  the   sun   is   above  the 
horizon,  but  are  incapable   of  seeing  by  the  aid 
of   artificial    light.     Its  causes  are    not  evident. 
The   eye,  when   carefully  examined,  presents  no 
alteration,  either  in  its  membranes  or  humours. 

IIEM'ERALOPS,  JMrea.  One  labouring  under 
hemeralopia.     Also,  Ilemeralopia. 
IIEMERATYPHLOSrS,  Nyctalopia. 
IIEMERODROMA,  Ephemera. 
HEMEROPATHI'A;  from  't,fi(pa,  'a  day,'  and 
iraQos,  'an  afiection.'     A  disease,  which  continues 
only  a  day ;  or,  which  is  only  observed  during 
the  day. 

HEMEROTYPHLOSIS,  Nyctalopia 
HEMI,  ')iiJi,  'Tj/navs,  'half,'  'semi.'     Hence: 
HEMIACEPH'ALUS,  (F.)  Hemiacephole,from 
hemi,  a,  privative,  and  KcipaXrt,  'head.'     A  mon- 
ster whose  head  is  represented   by  a  shapeless 
tumour,  with  some  appendages  or  cutaneous  folds 
anteriorly,  the  thoracic  extremities  existing. 
HEMIAMAUROSIS,  Hemiupia. 
HEMIANDRUS,  JIunuch. 
IIEMIANOR.  Eunuch. 
HEMIANTHROPIA,  Mania. 
HEMIANTHROPUS,  Eunuch,  Maniac. 
IIEMIAZYrxA  (Vena),  see  Azygos  vein. 
HEMICEPHAL^A,  Hemicrania. 
IlEMICEPIIAL^EUM,  Sinciput. 
IIEMICEPHALIUM,  Sinciput, 
HEMICEPHALUM,  Sinciput. 
HEMICEPH'ALUS,     Hemienceph'nins,    Semi- 
ceph'aliw,  from  hemi,  'half,'  and  K£<pa\ri,  'head.' 
One  who  tas  half  a  head. 

HEMICRA'NIA,  Hemicephcdm'n,  Migra'nn. 
Grana,  Hemipn'ijin,  Hemipe'gin,  Hete.rocra'niii, 
Monopn'gin,  Moiiope'gin,  Cephalc'it  Hemicrn'nia, 
Hemipnthi'a,  Neural' gin  ccrehrn'liii.  Megrim, 
from  //em/,  '  half,'  and  Kpaviov,  'cranium.'  (F.) 
Jligraine.     Pain,  confined  to  one  half  the  head. 


It  is  almost  always  of  an  intermittent  chnrncter; 
— at  times,  continuing  only  as  long  a;-  I  he  sun  is 
above  the  horizon  :  and  hence  soniciimis  culled 
SiDi-paiii,  —  and  is  cured  by  cincliniui,  arsenic, 
and  the  reuiodies  adapted  for  interniiiu-nts. 
lIicMicrtANiA  Iniui'ATnicA,  Neuralgiii,  facial. 
HE.MIDES'MUS    IN'DICUS,  ]'inp'l..,u  1,,'. 
died,  Asele'pias   Pseudoiar'nn,  Stiraitpiuil'ta  lu'- 
diea,   Ndiinttri,   Itidinii   Sarsnpttrilla.      Ord.  As- 
depiadaceiJ}.     A  Hindoostancc  plant,  the  mot  of 
which,  IleniideHiii'im  (Ph.  1).),  has  a  peculiar  aro- 
matic odour,  and  a  bitterish  taste.     It  is  used  in 
India  as  a  substitute  for  sarsaparilla. 
UEMIDIALYSIS,  Hemiplegia. 
HEMIDIAPIIORE'SIS,     7'r,i„xpirr,'iio     Utii- 
lat'era  ;  from  hemi,   'half,'  and  iiaijjofinais,  'per- 
spiration.'    Perspiration  of  one  half  the  body.^ 

IIEMIEC'TON,  JUmiee'le,,),,  Se„ilxex't,ini.  A 
vessel  capable  of  containing  ',>6  chopincs  or  pints, 
and  in  which  fumigations  were  made  in  disuiit-es 
of  the  uterus  and  vagina. — Hippocrates. 

HEMIENCKPH'ALUS,  {¥.)  n,'mieHc/-jdi<,le, 
from  Iwnti,  '  oi\e  liaU','  and  cyxcipahii,  '  Urn  ence- 
phalon.'  A  monster,  which  lias  no  truce  of  the 
organs  of  the  senses,  and  yet  has  a  brain  nearly 
natural.     See  Hemicephalus. 

HEMIM'ELES,  (F.)  Hemiwele,  from  hemi, 
'one  half,'  and  /j cXoi,  'a  limb.'  A  genus  of 
monsters,  in  which  the  upper  or  lower  extremi- 
ties are  very  defective  —  mere  stumps,  —  and  the 
fingers  and  toes  are  entirely  wanting  or  very  im- 
perfect.— I.  G.  St.  Hilaire. 

HEMIMCF'RION,  from  hemi,  and  ftoipa,  ' ti 
part.'  '  One  half.' — Foesius.  Also,  half  a  dracliiu. 
—  Erotian. 

HEM'INA.  A  Greek  measure,  answering  to 
the  Coti/le,  KoTvXv,  i-  e.  one  half  the  sextarius,  or 
about  half  a  pint,  English. 

HEMIOROL'ION,  Hcmiol'olnn.  Half  the  obo- 
lus.     A  weight  of  about  five  grains. — Oorraius. 

HEMIO'LION.  A  weight  of  12  drachms,  or 
oz.  li. — Galen.     See  Sescunciii. 

HEMIO'PIA,  Hemiop'ais,  Hemiojn'asin,  Sii/- 
fii'nin  diiiiid'iaiis,  Visits  dimidiu'tiis,  Mormtir' yge 
Hippoe'ratis,  Hcmiumaiiro'sis,  Amnwa'aia  diiiii- 
diii'ta,  (F.)  Hemiopie,  from  hemi,  'one  half,'  and 
ojiToiiai,  '  I  see.'  Depraved  vision,  in  which  the 
person  sees  only  one  half  of  an  object. 
HEMIOPIASIS,  Hemiopia. 
HEJMIOPSIS,  Hemioi)ia. 

HEMIPA'GES,  DIcor'yphns  dihypogns'lritm, 
Oc'topua  syii((]>heoeeph'iil(is,  from  hemi,  '  half,'  and 
Trnyi'viii,  '  I  fasten.'  A  monstrosity,  in  which 
twins  are  united  from  the  navel  to  the  vertex. — 
I.  G.  Saint  Hilaire. 

HEMIPAGIA,  Hemicrania. 
HEMIPATHIA,  Hemicrania. 
HEMIPEGIA,  Hemicrania. 
HEMIPIiO'NIA,  from   'ni",  'half,'  and  ((.urri, 
'  voice.'     Great  weakness   of  voice.     The  husky 
voice  of  those  affected  with  cholera. 

HEMIPLE'GIA,  Hemiplex'io,  Hcmidiid'ya!^, 
Paral'ysis  Hemiplegi<i,  Semiple'gia,  Seiiii-aido- 
ra'tin,  from  hemi,  '  one  half,'  and  jr^ijffiru,  or 
ttAj/ttu),  '  I  strike.'  Paralysis  of  one  side  of  the 
body.  See  Paralysis.  One  so  palsied  is  said  to 
be  hemi2deg"ic,  semi-sidera'ius. 

Hemiplegia  Facialis,  Paralysis,  Bell's. 
HEMIPLEXIA,  Hemiplegia. 
HEMIPROSOPLEGIA,  Par.alysis,  Bell's. 
HEMISPH^RiE  CEREBRI,  Hemispheres  of 
the  brain. 

HEM'ISPHERE,  Ilemispha'ra,  Hemiapha'ri-^ 
vm,  from  hemi,  'one  half,'  and  a(paipa,  'a  sphere. 
One  half  of  a  sphere  or  of  a  body  having  a  sphe- 
roidal shape. 

Hemispheres  of  the  Brain,  Hrminpha'ra 
cer'ebri,  Uemispher' ical  gau'glia,  are  the   upper 


HEMISPHERICAL  GANGLIA      455 


HEPATHJEMORRHAGIA 


Rpbcroidnl  portions  of  the  brain,  separated  from 
each  other  by  tiie  falx  cerebri. 

HEMISPHERICAL  GANGLIA,  Hemispheres 
of  the  brain. 

JIKMITE,  Ilaeraitis. 

IIEMITIIIT^'A  (FEBRIS,)  Fehns  oemi-ter- 
tln'iia  scu  seHqaidV tern,  (F.)  DkiiiS -tierce,  Fiecre 
ilcinilierce,  from  hetni,  '  half,'  and  Tyiruioi,  '  ter- 
tian.' A  soini-tertian  fever,  so  called  because  it 
hfcins  to  possess  both  the  characters  of  the  ter- 
tian and  quotidian  intermittent.  —  Galen,  Spi- 
gelius. 

1IK.MIUNCI.\,  Hemiuncion. 
IIEMIUN'CION,    Hemiuit'cia,   Semun'cia,   Se- 
mi un'c  in.     Half  an  ounce. 

HEMLOCK,  Pinus  Canadensis,  Conium  macu- 
latuiu  —  h.  American,  Cicuta  maculata — h.  Bas- 
tard, Cha'ropliyllum  sylvestre  —  h.  Common, 
Conium  maculatum. 

Hkmlock   Diioi'WORT,  (Enanthe. 
llEMbocK,  GuouNn,  Taxus  Canadensis. 
Hemlock    Gum,    see    Pinus     Cadanensis  —  h. 
Pitch,  see  Pinus  Canadensis — h.  Poison,  Conium 
. — h.  Spruce,  Pinus  Canadensis. 

Hemlock,  Wateh,  Ameiucan,  Cicuta  maculata, 
Cicuta  aquatica — h.  Water,  fine-leaved,  Phellan- 
driutQ  aquaticuni — h.  AVild,  Cicuta  maculata. 
IIKMO-ANGIA rnUIIAGIE,  Hannoptysis. 
IIEMOCARDE,  Ilajuiocardiorrhagia. 
JIEMOCARDIOPLASTIES,  see  Polypus. 
HEMODIA,  Ilamodia. 

}IEMO-ENOEFIIALORRHAGIE,Ai,o^\cxy. 
IIEMOflEPA TORRHAGIE,  Ilepatorrhagia. 
JfEMOMETRE,  HaMuadynamometer. 
JIEMOMYELORRHAGIE,  Apoplexy,  spinal. 
JIEMOFERICA ROE,  ILcmopericardium. 
HEMOPTYSfE.  Ilccmoptysis  — /j.  Foudroy- 
n»te,  see  Hiicmoptysis. 

HEMORRHAGE,  Haemorrhagia — h.  Acciden- 
tal, see  Hi»morrhagia — h.  Active,  see  Haemorrha- 
gia— h.  from  the  Bladder,  Cystirrhagia — h.  Con- 
stitutional, see  Hajmorrhagia  —  h.  Critical,  see 
Hicmorrhagia — h.  by  Exhalation,  see  Haemorrha- 
gia— h.  External,  see  Haemorrhagia — h.  General, 
see  Haemorrhagia  —  h.  from  the  Intestines,  Me- 
hrna — h.  Internal,  see  Haemorrhagia  —  h.  Inter- 
stitial, Apoplexy — h.  Local,  see  Ilannorrhagia  — 
h.  of  the  Mucous  Membranes,  see  Hicmorrhagia 
— h.  Passive,  see  Ilaamorrhagia — h.  from  the  Pi- 
tuitary Membrane,  Epistaxis — h.  Pleural,  Ila-ma- 
tothorax  —  h.  Se«)ndary,  see  Haemorrhagia  —  h. 
from  the  Skin,  Sudor  cruentus  —  h.  Spinal,  Apo- 
plexy, spinal — h.  Spontaneous,  see  Ilajmorrhagia 
— h.  Supplementary,  see  Haemorrhagia — h.  Symp- 
tomatic, see  HaMUorrhagia — h.  of  the  Tissues,  see 
ILeiuorrhagia — h.  Traumatic,  see  Hajraorrhagia 
— h.  Uterine,  Metrorrhagia. 

HEMORRHAGIC  PLEURISY,  ILematotho- 
rax. 

HEMORRHAGIE  liUCCALE,  Stomatorrha- 
gia— h.  Cerebralc,  Apoplexy — h.  dii  Cwiir,  Hamo- 
cardiorrhagia — h.  du  Foic,  Ilepatorrhagia — h.  In- 
temtiticl/e,  Apoplexy — //.  Iiiterntitielle  du  Poumon, 
Haemoptysis — h.  den  lutcitiiis,  Haematoehezia  — 
h.  de  la  }[ixtrice,  Metrorrhagia — /(.  J/hriiH/ee, 
Apoplexy  meningeal  —  h.  de  lu  Mo'dle  epiniere, 
Apiiplexia  myolilica — A.  A'(i*(i/c,  Epistaxis — h.  de 
la  Vessie,  Cystirrhagia. 

HEMORRHAGIP'AROUS,  (F.)  Himorrhagi- 
pare,  tvowx  h(eiiiorrhayi<i,  'hemorrhage,'  andjoa- 
rire,  'to  bring  forth.'  That  which  gives  occasion 
to  hemorrhage  :  thus,  softening  of  the  neurine 
may  he  liemorrhngiparoiis. 
JfEMORRHLyiE,  Epistaxis. 
HEMORRUO'IDAIRE  (F.).  One  who  is  sub- 
ject to  hemorrhoids. 


HEifORRHOYDES,  HsEmorrhois  — //.  Aveu- 
gles,  Caecae  hajmorrhoides.     See  Hamorrhois. 
HEMORRHOSCOPIE,  H^matoscopia. 
HEMOSPASIE,  Hamospasia. 
H^MOSPASIQ  UE,  Haraospastic. 
HEMOSTASIE,  Hamostasia. 
HEMOSTATICS,  Hamatostatica. 
HEMOSTA TIQUES,  Hamatostatica. 

HEMP,  INDIAN,  Apocynum  cannabinum, 
Bangue — h.  Wild,  Ambrosia  tritida. 

HEMPWEED,  AROMATIC,  Eupatorium  aro- 
maticum  —  h.  Roundleaved,  Eupatorium  rotundi- 
folium. 

HEMPSEED,  see  Cannabis  sativa. 

HENBANE,  Hyoscyamus. 

HENBIT,  Lamium  amplexicaule. 

HEN-BLINDNESS,  Hemeralopia. 

HENNE,  Lawsonia  inermis. 

HENRICEA  PIIARMACEARCHA,  Gentiana 
chirayita. 

HENRICUS  RUBENS,  Colcothar. 

HEPAR, 'ijira/;,  'genitive,'  'i/furof,  'liver.'  A 
name  for  substances  resembling  liver  in  appear- 
ance. The  ancient  name  for  the  liver  of  sulphur, 
Jlepar  aul'phuris ;  which  is  sometimes  a  com- 
pound of  sulphur  and  potassium;  at  others,  of 
sulphur  and  potassa.     See  Potassa  sulphuretum. 

Hepar  Adiposum,  Adiposis  hcpatica — h.  Adul- 
terinum,  Spleen. 

Hepau  Antimonia'tum  is  a  compound  of  a. 
sulphuret  of  antimony  and  an  alkali.  See  Oxy- 
dum  stibii  sulphuratum. 

Hepar  Mautia'le.  A  compound  of  sulphuret 
of  potass  and  an  oxide  of  iron. 

Hepar  Sanguinis,  see  Blood  —  h.  Sinistrum, 
Spleen. 

Hepar  Succenturia'tum.  An  additional  liver 
or  liver  lobe;  a  case  of  malformation. 

Hepau  Sulpiiuris  Salinum,  Potassa  sulphu- 
retum— h.  Sulphuris  volatile,  Ammonia>  sulphu- 
retum— h.  Uterinum,  Placenta  —  h.  Variegatum, 
Liver,  nutmeg. 

HEPATAL'GIA,  Ifepntodyn'ta,  Neural'gia 
Jie'patis,  Col'ica  hepat'ica,  from  'rrrrap,  'rinarog, 
'liver,'  and  aXyo;,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the  liver. 
Neuralgia  of  the  liver,  (F.)  Nevrahjie  du  Foie. 

Hepatalgia  Calculosa,  Coliea  hepatica  —  h. 
Petitiana,  Turgescentia  vesicula  fellea — h. 
Phlegmonoides,  Hepatitis. 

HEPATAPOSTE'MA,  from  'r,7:ap,  'riraroi,  and 
atroBTtifta,  'an  abscess.'     Abscess  of  the  liver. 

HEPATARIUS,  Hepaticus.- 

HEPATATROPH'IA,  Atroph'ia  seu  Aridu'ra 
he'pntis,  from  'tjirap,  'rjTtaTos,  and  atrophia,  'atro- 
phy.' Atrophy  of  the  liver: — a  general  con- 
comitant of  Cirrho'sis  he'patis. 

HEPATAUXB,  Hypcrtroph'ia  he'patis,  (F.) 
Hyperhepatotrophie,  Flypertrophie  du  foie.  Hy- 
pertrophv  of  the  liver. 

HEPATECHE'MA,  Sou'itus  hepat'icus,  from 
')77rap,  'rjrruTos,  and  'ri^iiia,  'sound.'  Sound  ren- 
dered by  the  liver  on  percussion. 

HEPATEMPHRAX'IS,  from  ',,wap,  'nvaroi, 
and  cpippaaaiii,  'I  obstruct.'  Einphrax' is  hepiatix. 
Hepatic  obstruction.  — Ploucquet. 

HEPATENCEPHALO'MA,  Hepatomyelo'ma, 
Fungus  he'patis  meduUa'ria,  from  'iinap,  'tj-raros, 
and  tyKc<pa\oi,  '  encephalon.'  Encephaloid  of  the 
liver. 

HEPATE'RUS,  Hepat'icus,  Jecnra'rius.  A 
variety  of  diarrhcea,  Flujcus  hepaticus. — Gorraus. 

HEPATH^MORRnAG"IA,  Hmmorrhag"ia 
hepat'icti,  Hepatorrhog"ia,  A])oplex'ia  hepat'ica, 
(F.)  Hemorrhagie  du  foie,  Hiuwhepatorrhagie, 
from  'ri-nap,  'nzaroi,  and  'atpvppayia,  'hemorrhage.' 
Hemorrhage  from  the  liver. 


HEPATIC 


4  5  0 


IIEPATOCIIOLORRIKEA 


ITEPAT'IO,  Hepat'icHi,  Hepnta'rum,  Hepnte'- 
rnn,  Hep«lo'i'<les,  Hepnto' des,  Jectira'ri an,  Jec'ora/, 
(F.)  Hcp/iliqiie  Jcchraire,  from  'rimip,  ');iruToj. 
i)e!oni;iiig  or  relating  to  or  resembling  liver. 

Hkpatic  Am'tery,  Arte' rift  Heput' icn.  One  of 
the  three  brunches  given  off  by  the  ca'liiic.  It 
jiisses  towanis  the  inferior  surfaee  of  the  liver; 
where  it  divides  into  two  branches,  a  riijht  and 
i(  left,  which  proceed  towards  the  corresjjonding 
I'arts  of  that  organ.  The  right  branch  gives  ott' 
the  cystic  artery.  Before  dividing,  the  hepatic 
;irtery  sends  off  two  considerable  branches,  the 
A.  pijloricd  and  G((ntro-€pip/ulcit  dt.vtru. 

[[ki'Atic  Diict,  Ductus  heprit'icim,  (F.)  Canal 
h''pi(ii</i(e,  is  about  three  fingers'  breadth  in 
liMigth,  and  of  the  size  of  a  quill.  It  is  formed 
by  the  union  of  the  biliary  ducts,  and  joins  the 
cystic  duct  at  a  very  acute  angle,  to  form  the 
ductus  choledoehus.  Its  function  is  to  convey 
the  bile  from  the  liver  towards  the  duodenum. 

Hkpatic  Islets,  see  Liver — h.  Lobules,  see 
liiver. 

HuPATic  Plexts,  Plexus  hepnt'iciis,  consists 
of  nervous  filaments,  sent  by  the  coeliac  plexus 
to  the  liver,  which  accompany  the  hepatic  artery. 

Hepatic  Veins,  Siipm-hepnlic  Veins,  Vena 
ciirm  Iiepid'fccB,  (F.)  Veiiies  sus-hcpiitiqiies,  Jutrn- 
hib'idar  veins,  do  not  follow  the  course  of  the 
arteries  of  the  same  name.  They  arise  in  the 
substance  of  the  liver;  converge  towards  the 
jiosterior  margin  of  that  viscus,  and  open  into 
the  vena  cava  inferior.  They  convey  away  the 
lilood  carried  to  the  liver  by  the  hepatic  artery 
and  vena  porta. 

IIEPAT'ICA.  Medicines  believed  to  be  oa- 
jiable  of  affecting  the  liver. 

IIepatii.'A,  H.  triloba  —  h.  Americana,  H.  tri- 
bdia  —  h.  Fontana,  Marchantia  polymorpha — •  h. 
Nobilis,  H.  triloba — h.  Stellata,  Asperula  odorata. 

IIrpATICA  TrIL'oba.  H.  Ameriea'na,  Anemo'ne 
Ifpat'icn  seu  noh'ilis,  Herbii  trrnitii'tis,  Hepnt'ica, 
Heptit'ioia  fios,  Tiifu'linm  hepnt'icum  seu  an' - 
re.iim,  Livevwnrt,  Liverweed,  Trefoil,  Nohle  Liver- 
■iriirt,  Herb  Triii'ity,  (F.)  Hepatiqite  des  jardins. 
The  leaves  of  this  phint  —  Hepat'icn  (Ph.  U.  S.) 
—  are  a  gentle  astringent,  but  not  possessed  of 
inueb  virtue. 

IIEPATICULA,  Hepatitis,  chronic. 

HEPATICUS,  Hepateros  — h.  Flos,  Hepatica 
triloba. 

HEPATIFICATIO,  Hepatizati^on. 

frEPATfQUE,Uv\^ntic—h.  Et<,ilee,  Asperula 
odorata  —  !i.  des  Fontaine,  Marchantia  polymor- 
pha—  /(.  des  JfirdiKs,  Hepatica  triloba. 

HEPATIRRHCE'A,  F/uxus  hepat'iens,  Dyacn- 
ter'in  hep(tt' ica,  Diurrlive'a  hep<tt'ic'i,  Hepator- 
rlive'ii,  JJepatocJudiirrhte'a,  Hepntodysenler' i<i,  Ile- 
piitorrh<i(j"ia,  Ifaruate'ra,  Aimate'ra,  (F.)  Flux 
lippntiqne,  from  'rjTraf),  'riTntTOi,  and  pto),  '1  flow.' 
A  species  of  diarrhoea  in  which  the  excreted 
matters  seem  to  cotue  from  the  liver,  or  are  much 
mixed  with  bile. 

HEPATL'^  EMUNCTORIA.  Inguen— h.  Sus- 
pensorium.  Ligament,  suspensory,  of  the  liver. 

HEPATISATIO,  Hepatization —h.  Pulmo- 
nuui.  Hepatization  of  the  Lungs. 

HEPATISATIOX,  Hepatization —  ^.  Grise, 
see  Hepatization — /;.  Ronr/e,  see  Hepatization. 

HEPATITES  VENA,  Cava  vena. 

HEPATI'TIS,  Einpres'nin  liepati'tis,  Cnuma 
seu  Inlifimnid'tio  he'palis,  I.  Jeein'oris,  Febris 
hepnt'ica  infl<immato'ria,  Nepatal'f/ia  phleijmo- 
iio'i'des.  Morbus  jecin'oris,  Ih-pntophley' mone,  In- 
jhimni'ition  of  the  liver,  (F.)  Hepatite,  inflam- 
mation dn  foie,  Picee.  (Provincial);  from  'rinap, 
'r/TruToif  '  liver,'  and  ids,  denoting  inflammation. 


It  m.ay  be  seated  either  in  the  peritononl  cover- 
ing, Sero-hepiiti'tis,  Hejiali'tis  velanuuto'sa  seu 
extern'a,  Feritoni'tis  liepiit'ica,  I'erititpuli'tis, 
or  in  the  substance  of  the  liver,  JJepiiti'lis  puren- 
clit/nnito'sa,  or  in  ))oth,  /'iiro-liejiiiti'lis,  and  n^ay 
be  acute  or  chrmiic.  The  ]jeculiar  syiiiptoiiis 
are: — pain  in  the  right  bypi.chondrium,  shooting 
to  the  back  and  right  shoulder,  and  increased  on 
pressure;  difficulty  of  lying  on  the  left  side; 
sometimes  jaundice  with  cough,  and  synoclia. 
Its  termination  is  generally  by  resolution  :  —  in 
tropical  climates  it  often  runs  on  to  suppuration, 
Jec'oria  voni'iea,  liepati'tis  apostemnto'sa,  the 
abscess  breaking  either  externally,  or  forming  a 
communication  with  the  intestines  or  chest,  or 
breaking  into  the  cavity  of  the  abdomen.  The 
cruises  are  those  of  inflammation  in  general. 
Heat  predisposes  to  it;  hence  Its  greater  frequency 
in  hot  climates.  On  dissection  of  those  who  have 
died  of  it.  the  liver  has  been  found  hard  and  en- 
larged ;  colour  of  a  deep  purple  ;  or  the  mem- 
branes have  been  more  or  loss  vascular:  or  ad- 
hesions, or  tubercles,  or  hydatids,  or  abscesses, 
or  biliary  calculi  may  be  met  with.  The  treat- 
ment must  be  bcdd.  Bleeding,  general  and  local, 
fomentations,  blisters,  purgatives,  and  the  anti- 
phlogistic regimen.  In  hot  climates  especially,  a 
new  action  must  be  excited  by  mercury  as  early 
as  possible. 

Hkpatitis  Aposthmatosa,  see  Hepatitis. 

Hepatitis,  Chronic,  Hepati'tia  chnm'iea,  In- 
Jlanuna'tio  he'patia  lenta.  Hepatitis  oeenl'ta.  He- 
patic' nla,  Snbinjlanima'iio  he'patis,  (F.)  Clrroiio- 
hepatite,  Chronic  liver  disease,  is  not  as  common 
as  is  believed.  It  may  be  suspected  fron)  the 
existence  of  the  symptoms  above  mentioned, 
when  in  a  minor  degree;  enlargement,  constant 
dull  pain  in  the  region  of  the  liver;  sallow  coun- 
tenance; hinh -coloured  urine;  clay-coloured 
faeces,  &e.  The  great  object  of  treatment  is  to 
excite  a  new  action  by  mercury  and  counter- 
irritants,  and  to  keep  the  liver  free  by  cathartics. 

Hepatitis  Cvstk^a,  Cholecystitis — h.  E-vterna, 
see  Hepatitis — h.  Occulta,  H.  chronic  — h.  Vcla- 
tnentosa,  see  Hepatitis  —  h.  Parenchymatosa,  see 
Hepatitis. 

HEPATIZA'TION,  Ilepatisa'tin,  Heputijica'. 
tio,  from  'riTtafi,  'rj-nciToi.  Conversion  into  a  liver- 
like  substance.  Apiilied  to  the  lungs  when  gorged 
with  effused  matters,  so  that  they  are  no  longer 
pervious  to  the  air  —  Heputisa'tiu  pidmo'nitm, 
Cariiijiea'tio  ptdmo'mim.  In  such  state,  they  are 
said  to  be  liepatized. 

Hepatization,  Ked,  (F.)  Hepatiaatinn  row/e, 
Endtircisseuient  ronije,  l{((niiilllssenient  rouyc,  cha- 
racterizes the  first  stage  of  consolidation  of  the 
lungs  in  pneumonia. 

Hepatization,  Gray,  (F.)  Hepatiaatinn  griae, 
Induration  tjriae,  lianmllissenient  (/ris,  liifdlnition 
piiruleute,  characterizes  the  third  stage,  or  stage 
of  purulent  infiltration. 

HEPATIZON,  Chloasma. 

HEPATOC'ACE,  from  'rjTTaf,,  'rjiraTos,  and  KOKOf, 
'evil.'     Gangrene  of  the  liver. 

IIEPATOCE'LE,  from  'r,nnp,  'riJiam,  and 
K>i\r),  'a  tumour;'  Her'nin  hepat'ica;  Heriiin  if 
the  liver.  (F.)  Ifernie  dn  foie.  The  liver  has 
never  been  found  entirely  out  of  the  abdomi- 
nal cavity.  Increase  of  its  bulk,  or  injuries 
of  the  parietes  of  the  abdomen,  have  been  the 
sole  cause  of  the  protrusions  which  have  been 
occasionally  met  with,  especially  in  infants,  in 
whom  the  upper  part  of  the  linca  alba  is  very 
weak,  and  indeed  scarcely  seems  to  exist.  Sau- 
vages  has  distinguished  two  species  of  hepatocele: 
— the  ventral  (in  the  linea  alba),  and  the  umbili- 
cal or  hepatomphalum, 

HEPATOCHOLORRHCEA,  Hcpaiirrhaa. 


IIErATOCOLICUM 


45  7 


HERBARIUM 


ITEPATOCO'LICUM.  A  ligamentof  the  liver, 
(iL'scrilxid  l)y  lliillcr,  as  passing  from  the  ^nW- 
blii'lder  and  contiguous  sinus  portarum,  across 
tlie  (Inixlenuin,  to  the  colon.  Another,  termed 
Ifrpnto-rciiii/,  descends  from  the  root  of  the  liver 
to  the  kidney.     They  are  both  peritoneal. 

H  EPATOCYS'TIC,  Ifep'itonj^'tlcns,  Ci/ttkle- 
jtfl'iriin,  from  'tjnap,  'rjnaTOi,  and  Kvarti,  '  bladder.' 
Iti'lutin;;  to  the  liver  and  gall-bladder. 

IIki'atocvstic  Duct,  DucIuh  liepntocyst'icus. 
The  eholedoch  duct. 

IIK1"AT0L)YME,  Jlepatod'ymus,  from  'ij'^af, 
'r;rr<Tos,  iitid  ^tiv/iof,  'a  twin.'  A  monster  united 
at  tlie  liver,  and  double  above. 

JIEI'ATODYNIA,  Ilepatalgia. 

Ill'^PATODYSENTERIA,  Hepatirrhcoa. 

IlKl'ATOGASTRIC,  Gastrohepatic. 

IIHI'ATOGASTROCIIOLOSIS,  Fever,  bilious, 
Fever,  ^^ai^trie. 

HErATOG'RAPHY,  Hcpatogra'phi'n ;  from 
'rj^ap,  'i/rarof,  and  ypu'Pri,  'a  description.'  The 
part  of  anatomy  which  describes  the  liver. 

IIEPATOIl-^-j'-MIA,  Hjipevep.'min  Jie'patis,  He- 
pid'ic  L'liiforye'iiioit,  (F.)  Hi/pevfiin'e  (In  Foie,  from 
'rinup,  'iinarof,  and  'atfia,  '  blood.'  Sanguineous 
congestion  of  the  liver. 

IIKl'ATODES,  Hepatic. 

]IEPAT0"II)ES,  Hepatic. 

HEPATOLITHI'ASIS,  from  V«p,  ''irraroi, 
und  XiOiaaij,  •formation  of  stone.'  The  forma- 
tion of  concretions,  Hi'pntol' ithi,  in  the  liver. 

IIEPATOL'OGY,  Hcjxttoloif'id,  from  'i^vap, 
'lyiroTuf,  and  \oyoi,  'a  discourse,'  'treatise.'  A 
treatise  on  the  liver. 

IIEPATOMALA'CIA,  iValaco'sia  Jie'pnti'n,  (P.) 
Uumolliniciiieiit  dii  Foie.     Softening  of  the  liver. 

HEPATOM'PHALUS,  from  'riir„p,  'iinaTo;, 
'liver,'  and  oit(lui\os,  'navel.'  Hernia  of  the  liver 
at  the  umbilicus. 

HEPATOMYELOMA,  Hepatencephaloma. 

IIEPATON'CUS,  from  '777:0^,  'tivaTOi,  and  oyKo;, 
'a  tumour.'     Tumefaction  of  the  liver. 

IlEPATOPAREC'TAMA,  from  'rinap.  'nrraros, 
rnd  TTH/icicrcj/ia,  '  considerable  extension.'  Exces- 
sive enlargement  of  the  liver. 

HEPATOPATHTA,  from  'vnap,  'vnaroi,  and 
irnOoj, 'suffering.'  Liver-disease.  Disease  of  the 
liver. 

HEPATOPATIUE  OANCEREUSE,  Hepa- 
toscirrhus — h.   TitbercnleiiHe,  Hepntontruinosie. 

IlEPATOPHLEGJIONE,  Hepatitis. 

HEPATOPHTIirSIS,  Phlhisix  hepat'ica,  from 
'n^ap,  '>]i:aTOi,  and  (pdtu),  '  I  consume.'  Consump- 
tion from  suppuration  of  the  liver. 

HEPATORRHAGIA,  Hepatirrhcea,  Hepathae- 
morrliagia. 

KEPATORRHEX'IS,  from  'rj^rap,  'v^ans,  and 
/)r;(i(,  '  rupture.'     Rupture  of  the  liver. 

HEPATORRHCEA,  Hepatirrhoea. 

IlKi'A rOSAROOMlE,  Hepatoscirrhus. 

HEPATOSCIR'RHUS,  from  '/jirap,  '^^Traroj, 
and  (TKippo?,  '  cancerous  induration.'  Scirrlum 
hi'patix.  Enri'pliidd'iiis  or  Ctircimi'iita  of  the  liver, 
{V.)  llrpiittiKitnomie,  Hfpotopnthie  cnncermme, 
Cancer  du  Foie.  Scirrluis  or  Cancer  of  the 
iiver. 

HEPATOSTIlUJfOSfE.  Tidier' cula  he'pntis, 
(V.)  Tiiberoiles  du  F<iie,  Hepninpnthie  tubercn- 
liitfe  ;  from  'rjTiip,  'ijrraroj,  and  struma,  '  a  tu- 
mour,' 'a  scrofulous  tumour.'  Tubercle  of  the 
liver. 

HEPATOT'OMY,  from  'rjnap,  '/jiraroy,  and 
tt/iKo,  '  I  cut.'     Disseciiou  of  the  liver. 


HEPTALOS,  Epialos. 

HEPS,  see  Rosa  canina. 

HEPSEMA,  Decoction. 

HEPSESIS,  Decoction. 

HEPTAL  CYCLE,  see  Cycle. 

HEPTAL'LON  GRAV'EOLENS,  Hogwort, 
Beam'  fright.  An  indigenous  jilant,  which  has 
a  fetid  porcine  smell;  and  is  said  to  be  used  by 
the  Indians  as  a  diaphoretic,  cathartic,  Ac. 

HEPTAPHAR'MACUM,  from  'tirra,  'seven,' 
and  (jiapjiaKov,  'a  rum_)?dy.'  A  medicine  composed 
of  seven  substances ;  cerusse,  litharge,  pitch,  wax, 
colophony,  frankincense,  and  bullock's  fat.  It  was 
regarded  as  laxative,  suppurating  and  healing. 

HEPTAPHYLLUM,  Tormentilla. 

HEPTAPLEURON,  Plantago  major. 

HERACLEUM,  see  H.  lanatum  — h.  Branca, 
H.  spondylium. 

Heraclk'i'M  SpONDYL'ium,  //.  Bran'en.  Branca 
urni'iia  seu  Gerninii'ica,  Spoudiil'ium,  Sphoiidi/l'- 
ium,  Cow  Parxuep,  Al/-he(d,  ('•iw-tiiuwhle,  (Sc.) 
Buiieu-aiid,  (Prov.)  Cuxhia,  (F.)  lierce,  Branc- 
urnine  bdtarde.  Faunae  Acanthe.  Order,  Umbel- 
liferaj.  Ser.  Sj/nt.  Pentandria  Digynia.  Dedi- 
cated to  'Hpu/fXi7f,  '  Hercules.'  The  root  of  thia 
plant  has  a  strong,  rank  smell ;  and  a  pungent, 
almost  caustic  taste.  It  has  been  given  as  a 
tonic,  stomachic  and  carminative  ;  both  in  powder 
and  in  decoction.  The  Russians,  Lithuanians, 
and  Poles  obtain  from  its  seeds  and  leaves,  by 
fermentation,  a  very  intoxicating  spirituous  liquor, 
which  they  call  Parst. 

The  root  of  Heravlc' um  Lnno'tttm.  3fasterwort, 
Cote  parnucp, — Hcrarlc'iim  (Ph.  U.  S.) — is  in  the 
secondary  list  of  the  Pharmacopteia  of  the  United 
States. 

HERACLBUS  MORBUS,  Epilepsy. 

HERB,  Herba,  Bot'ane.  Any  ligneous  plant, 
which  loses  its  stalk  during  the  winter. 

Herb,  Bi^esskd,  Geum  urbanum — h.  Christo- 
pher, Actaja  spicata. 

Hkhb-Doctok,  Botau'ical  doctor  or  ph!/nic."ian. 
One  who  treats  diseases  altogether  by  herbs;  aa 
the — so  called — "  Thompsonians." 

Herb  of  Grace,  Gratiola  officinalis  —  h.  Mas- 
tich,  common.  Thymus  mastichina — h.  Mastich, 
Syrian,  Toucrium  niarum  —  h.  Peter,  Primula 
veris  h.  Robert,  Geranium  Robertiannm  —  h. 
of  Saint  Cuncgonde,  Eupatorium  cannabinum — h. 
Sophia,  Sisymbrium  sophi.a — h.  Trinity,  Ilepatica 
triloba. 

HERBA,  Herb  —  h.  Alexandrina,  Smyrnium 
olusatrum — h.  Althaea;,  Pelargonium   cucullatum 

—  h.  Anthos,  Rosmarinus — h.  lienedicta,  Geum 
urbanum — h.  Britannica,  Ilumex  hydvolapathum 

—  h.  Canni.  Artemisia  santonica  —  h.  Cardiaca, 
Leonurus  cardiaca  —  h.  Cardui  veneris,  Dipsacus 
fullonuni  —  h.  Dorea,  Solidago  virgaurea — h.  Fe- 
lis,  Ncpeta — h.  (ienipi,  Achillea  atrata — h.  Ignis, 
Lichen  pyxidatus  —  h.  Mclancholifuga,  Fumaria 
— h.  Militaris,  Achillea  niillefolinm  —  h.  Papilla- 
ris, Lnpsana  —  h.  Paralyseos,  Primula  veris- — h. 
Paralytica,  Primula  veris — h.  Patie  lapina:,  Leo- 
nurus car<liaca — h.  Pulicaris,   Plantago  psyllium 

—  h.  Quercini.  Lichen  plicatus  —  h.  Sacra,  Ver- 
bena officinalis — h.  Salivaris,  Antliemis  pyre- 
thrum —  h.  Sardonia,  Ranunculus  sccleratus — h. 
Scelerata,  Ranunculus  sclcratus  —  h.  Sideritidis, 
(Jaleopsis  irrandiflora — h.  Tahaci,  Xiootiana  taba- 
cuin — h.  Trinitatis,  Anemone  hepalica,  Viola  tri- 
color— h.  Veneris,  Adiantum  pedatum  —  h.  Ven- 
tis.  Anemone  Pulsatilla  —  h.  Vitri,  see  Salsola 
kali  —  h.  Zazarhendi.  Origanum. 

HERB.E  PRO  ENEMATE,  Clyster  herbs  — 
h.  pro  fotu.  Fomentation  herbs. 
HERBALIST.  Herborist. 
UERBA'RIUM,   from    herba,   a   plant.     (F.) 


IIERKARIUS 


458 


HERNIA 


fferlier.     A  collection  of  plants.     Generally  ap- 
plied to  a  collection  of  dried  plants  —  Horliis  sic- 
cus.    In  Pliarini\ev,  a  plant  that  is  used  entire. 
HRR15ARIUS,  llerborist, 

HEUBE,  Herb — It.  uux  AbeiUea,  Spiraea  ulma- 
ria  —  h.  ail  C'loicrr,  Plumbago  Europsea  —  h.au 
CeutaHie,  Cliironia  centauriuni — h.  aiix  Chniitrcs, 
Erysimum — h.  aii.c  C/uirpeiitiers,  Achillea  mille- 
folium, Justitia  pectoralis — h.  txitx  Chats,  Nepeta, 
Teuerium  marum  —  h.  ati  Coq,  Tanaeetum  bal- 
sauiita — h.  ait  Citi/lers,  Cochlearia  officinalis  — 
h.  aux  Jicrovellcs,  Scrophularia  nodosa — h.  aiix 
JlJviis,  Lysimachia  nummularia — h.  d  Etenmer, 
Achillea  ptarniica — h,  <X  la  Fievre,  Chironia  ccn- 
taurium — )i.  niijr  Fennnes  balliics,  Tamus  commu- 
nis— h,  de  Grace,  Rata — h.  aux  Gue.ux,  Clematis 
vitalba — h.  aiix  Hemurrhoith's,  Ranunculus  fica- 
ria — /(.  d,  V Hirondelle,  Chelidonium  majus — h.  a 
la  floiiette,  Asclepias  Syriaca  —  h.  d' Ivrogiie,  Lo- 
lium  temulentum — /(.  den  Jitifs,  Solidago  virgau- 
rea — h.  aux  Ladrcs,  Veronica — h.  aux  Mamelles, 
Lapsana  —  h.  aux  Itfonches,  Conyza  squarrosa  — 
h.  aux  Ifnrailles,  Parietaria  —  A.  des  A'ones,  Pa- 
rietaria  —  h.  aux  Oies,  Potentilla  rejjtans — h.  a 
Paris,  Paris — h.  d  la  Parati/sie,  Primula  veris — 
h.  an  Paitvre  homme,  Gratiola  officinalis — /(.  aux 
Perles,  Lithospermura  officinale  —  h.  d  Pisser, 
Pyrola  umbellata  —  h.  d  la  Poudre  de  C/ij/pre, 
Hibiscus  abelmoschus — h.  aux  Poiix,  Delphinium 
staphisagria — h.  6,  la  Puce,  see  Apocynum  hyi)eri- 
cifolium — h.  aux  Puces  coiiiniinie,  Phintago  psyl- 
lium— A.  d  liuhert,  Geranium  Robertianum — h.  d 
la  Jtosee,  DroHsra  rotundifolia  —  h.  de  Saiiite 
Barhe,  Erysimum  barbarea — h.  Sainte  Christo])he, 
Actaea  spieata — h.  de  Sainte  Etienne,  Circaea  lute- 
tiana  —  li.  Saint  Fiacre,  Verbascum  thapsus — h. 
de  Saint  .Jean,  Artemisia  vulgaris — h.  Saint  Jean, 
Glechoma  hederacea  —  h.  de  Saint  Quiriii,  Tus- 
silago — h.  de  Saint  lioch.  Inula  dyscnterica  —  h. 
Sainte  Rose,  Pajonia — h.  aux  Sorciers,  Circaia. 
lutetiana,  Datura  stramonium — h.  aux  Tcigneux, 
Arctium  lai)pa  —  h.  d  Tons  les  Manx,  Verbena 
officinalis — h.  Tnrque,  Ilerniaria  glabra  —  h.  aux 
Vers,  Tanaeetum  vulgare — h.  aux  Vermes,  Ilelio- 
tropium  Europasum. 

HERBIER,  Herbarium,  Ingluvies. 

HERBIVOROUS,  Herhic'orus,  from  herha, 
'grass,'  and  voro,  'I  eat.'  An  epithet  applied  to 
animals  which  feed  on  herbs. 

HER'BORIST,  Hcrha'rius.  One  who  deals  in 
useful  plants.      An  Herb'alist  or  Herh'arist. 

HERBORIZA'TION,  llerhu'rum  inqnisit"io. 
An  excursion,  made  with  the  view  of  collecting 
plants.  Such  excursions  are  directed  by  the 
Apothecaries'  Company  of  London,  for  the  use 
of  their  apprentices,  &e. 

HERBS,  FIVE  CAP'ILLARY,  Quinque  herha 
eapilla' res,  were,  anciently,  hart's  tongue ;  black, 
white,  and  golden  maiden-hair,  and  spleenwort. 

Herbs,  Five  Emol'lient,  Quinque  herbce  emol- 
h'en'tes,  were,  anciently,  beet,  mallow,  marsh- 
mallow,  French  mercurj',  and  violet. 

HERCULES  ALLHEAL,  Pastinaca  opoponax. 

HERCULES  MORBUS,  Epilepsy. 

HEREDITAFRE,  Hereditary. 

HERED'ITARY,/fffr<;(//<a'ri«s,  J5ccerf(7a'nH«, 
GentHit"ius,  Sym'phytos,  Syn'genes,  (F.)  Heredi- 
taire,  from  hceris,  hmredis,  'an  heir.'  An  epithet 
given  to  diseases,  communicated  from  progeni- 
tors. Such  diseases  may  e.xist  at  birth  ;  or  they 
may  supervene  at  a  more  or  less  advanced  period 
of  e.xisteiice.  Hereditary  diseases,  Mmbi  heredi- 
ta'rii,  (F.)  Maladies  hereditaires,  often  prevail 
amongst  several  members  of  a  family,  or  are 
fumily  diseases  or  complaints. 

HERMAPHRODE'ITY,//-?rmr,;jArorf»Via,Fer- 
tnnphroditis'mus,  Hermnjih  rod  is'  miis,  Fab'rica  an- 
dro(/"i/iia,  Androijyn'ia,   Gi/nan'dria,  Hermaph'- 


rodism,  ITerninph'  rod  it  ism  ;  from  'E/i/ii;f  '  Afer- 
cury,'  and  Aij'fioStri),  '  Venus.'  .Apiiertaining  to 
Mercury  and  Venus.  Union  of  the  two  se.ves  in 
the  same  individual. 

HEKMAPHKODISIA,  Hermapbrodcity. 

HEKMAPH'RODITE.  Same  etymon.  Ifer. 
maj)lirodi'tiis,(ly'nida,Andrii(/"yiius,  (Sc.)  Srarchi, 
(Prov.)  Srral.  One  who  possesses  the  attributes 
of  male  and  female:  who  unites  in  himself  the 
two  sexes.  A  term,  applied  to  an  animal  or  plant 
which  is,  at  the  siuive  time,  both  male  and  female. 
True  hermaphrodites  are  only  met  with  in  tlio 
lower  degrees  cjf  the  animal  scale,  ajuongst  the 
zoophytes,  mollusca,  or  gasteropoda.  The  indi- 
viduals of  the  human  species,  regarded  as  hernia- 
jthroditcs,  owe  this  appearance  to  a  vicious  con- 
formation of  the  genital  organs;  a  kind  of  mon- 
strosity, which  renders  them  unfit  for  generation, 
although  an  attentive  examination  may  exhibit 
the  true  sex.  Hermaphrodites  have,  likewise, 
been  described,  which,  instead  of  uniting  the 
attributes  of  both  sexes,  cannot  bo  considered 
male  or  female.  These^'have  been  called  neutral 
hermaphrodites. 

HERMAPIIRODITISMUS,  Hermaphrodeity. 

HEKMAPHRODITUS,  Hermaphrodite. 

HERMET'ICA  DOCTRI'NA,  Nermrtira  ars, 
(F.)  Herinetique.  The  doctrine  of  Hermes,  a 
celebrated  Egyptian  jihilosopher,  who  is  con- 
sidered the  father  of  alchemy.  That  part  of 
chymistry,  whose  object  was  the  pretended  trans- 
mutation of  the  metals. 

HERMODAC'TYLUS,  Dactyle'tus,  An'ima  nr- 
ticiilo'riini,  from  'Ep/j??;.  •  Mercury,'  and  iiiKTv\o{, 
'a  finger;'  or  rather  from  Ilennns,  a  river  m 
Asia,  upon  whose  banks  it  grows,  and  (Ju/cruXos, 
'  a  date  ;'  or  from  'E/i/j»;f,  '  Mercury,'  and  ^cxmAof, 
'a  date;'  (F.)  Hemiodartyle,  Herinodacte  ou  Her. 
modate.  The  root  of  the  Hermodactyl  was  for- 
merly used  as  a  cathartic.  By  some,  it  is  ^up- 
posed  to  be  identical  with  the  Iris  tuhero'sa. 
The  best  testimony  seems  to  be  in  favour  of  its 
being  a  variety  of  the  colchicura. —  Col'chivum 
Illyr' irinn.  Under  the  name  Hermodartyls,  roots 
or  bulbs  of  an  unknown  ]dant,  growing  in  the 
countries  about  the  eastern  extremity  of  the 
Mediterranean,  are  sold  in  the  sho])S  of  Europe. 

HERMODA  TE.  Ilennodactvlus. 

HEKMaPH'JLUS,  from  'E/>/i;,f,  'Mercury,' 
and  0iAo5,  'a  lover.'  One  who  is  fond  of  mercury 
as  a  medicine. 

HER'NIA,  Rfimex,  Rupfu'ra,  R.  hemin'sn, 
Orepatii'ra,  Ectop'ia  hernio'sa,  Ccle,  Rupture, 
Burst,  (F.)  Harijne,  JJesceiite,  Effort,  Greceure, 
Ronipciire.  From  cfivot,  'a  shoot'  [{].  Any  tumour, 
formed  by  the  displacement  of  a  viscus  or  a  por- 
tion of  a  viscus,  which  has  escaped  from  its  na- 
tural cavity  by  some  aperture,  and  projects  e.xter- 
nally.  HerniiK  have  been  divided  into, —  I.  Uer- 
niii  of  the  Brain:  Encephalocele  ;  2.  Hernia  of 
the  Thorax;  Pneuraoeele;  ?>.  Hernia  of  the  Ab- 
domen. 

Abdiim'inal  Hernia;  are  remarkable  for  their 
frequency,  variety,  and  the  danger  attending 
them.  They  are  produced  by  the  protrusion  of 
the  viscera,  containe<l  in  the  abdomen,  through 
the  natural  or  accidental  apertures  in  the  pnrietis 
of  that  cavity.  The  organs,  which  form  thciii 
most  frequently,  are  the  intestines  and  the  ej)i- 
ploon.  These  herniiie  have  been  divided,  accord- 
ing to  the  apertures  by  which  they  escape,  into: 

1.  [ii'ijuinid  or  Siiprn-Pn'bian  Hernia.  These 
issue  by  the  inguinal  canal  :  they  are  called  Bit- 
bonoce'le.  when  small  ;  and  Scrotal  Hernia  of 
Oschence'le,  in  man,  when  they  descend  into  the 
scrotum  :^—  Vulvar  Hernia  or  I'mlen'dal  or  La'- 
bial  Hernia,  Episioce'le,  in  women,  when  they 
extend  to  the  labia  m.ijora.  2.  Crural  or  Fern'- 
oral  Hernia,  Me'roce'le,  when  they  issue  by  iho 


HERNIA 


45  9 


UERXlE 


crural  canal.  3.  Tnfrn-Pn'hmn  fTeniia,  (¥.)  Ihr- 
iii'e  HDitK-jniiieiiue,  Ootleoce'le,  Opeoce'le,  Ojiodeo- 
ce'le,  Htr'iiin  forfim'iiiiii  ova'lix,  when  the  viscera 
cse:i])c  throu;;li  the  opening,  which  gives  passage 
ti)  the  iiifra-pubian  vessels.  4.  hchidt'ic  Ilenn'a  ; 
when  it  takes  place  through  the  sacro-sciatic 
notcll.  0.  Uinliil' if.iil  Heniiri,  Exoiii'ph'il'in,  Oiii- 
phdlocfi'le ;  when  it  occurs  at  the  umbilicus  or 
near  it.  6.  Epif/iin'lr!c  Hernia;  —  occurring 
through  the  linca  niba,  above  the  umbilicus.  7. 
Jli/piiij'iHlric  or  fiij'r((-iinibil' ictil  llc.niia,  Cu'lio- 
ce'te,  HijpiirjriHtrnrc'le,  —  when  it  occurs  through 
the  liiicii  alba  below  the  umbilicus.  8.  Perina'al 
Jienn'd.MexoHcelitre'le,  Her'nia  periiim'i,  Perinao- 
ce.'le,  Perhieorc'/e — when  it  takes  place  through 
the  levator  ani,  and  Mp|)ears  nt  the  perineum.  9. 
Vii<j"rintl-  Hernia,  Uote(i(-e'le  seu  Et  iff  race' le  — 
through  the  paricties  of  the  vagina.  10.  Dia- 
pliruijiniil'ic  Heritla,  D'uiphrag-inatoce'le  ;  when  it 
passes  through  the  diaphragm. 

JlerniiB  are  likewise  distinguished, — according 
to  the  viscera  forming  them,  —  into  Euteroce'le, 
Epipl'X'e.'le,  En'ierii-ppipiloee'le,  Giistroce'le,  Cys- 
toce.'le,  Hepatoce' le,  Sple)ioce'le,  Ac. 

When  a  hernia  can  be  restored  to  its  natural 
cavity,  by  the  aid  of  pressure,  &c.,  properly  ap- 
plied, it  is  said  to  be  reducible.  It  is,  on  the  con- 
trary, irreducible,  when  adhesion,  bulk,  Ac,  op- 
pose its  return.  When  the  aperture,  which  has 
given  passage  to  the  hernia,  occasions  more  or 
less  constriction  on  the  protruded  portion,  the 
hernia  is  said  to  be  iucar'cemted  or  etrdn'gnlnted  ; 
and,  if  the  constriction  be  not  removed,  consti- 
pation, hiccough,  vomiting,  and  all  the  signs  of 
violent  inflammation,  followed  by  gangrene,  su- 
pervene, with  alteration  of  the  features,  small 
pul.'ie,  cold  extremities,  and  death. 

The  therapeutical  indications  are,  —  1.  As  re- 
gards reducible  hernia:  —  to  replace  the  viscera 
in  tlie  abdomen  by  the  ta.\is ;  and  to  retain  them 
there  by  the  use  of  a  truss,  which,  if  properly 
adiipted,  may  effect  a  radical  cure.  2.  As  reijtirds 
irreducible  lieniia  :  —  to  support  the  tumour- by 
an  appropriate  suspensory  bandage.  .3.  As  re- 
gards straiif/uldted  hcriiin  : — to  have  recourse  to 
the  ta.vis  ;  blood-letting  ;  warm  bath  :  tobacco 
glystcrs ;  ice  to  the  tumour  ;  iind,  if  these  should 
not  succeed,  to  perform  an  operation,  which  con- 
sists in  dividing  the  covering  of  the  hernia,  and 
cutting  the  aponeurotic  ring,  which  causes  the 
strangulation;  —  reducing  the  displaced  viscera, 
unless  their  diseased  condition  should  require 
theiu  to  be  retained  without; — dressing  the  wound 
appropriately: — restoring  the  course  of  the  faeces 
by  means  of  gentle  glysters — preventing  or  com- 
bating inflammation  of  the  abdominal  viscera  ; — 
conducting  the  wound  to  cicatrization,  by  appro- 
priate means  ;  and  afterwards  supporting  the  ci- 
catri.K  by  a  bandage. 

The  word  hernia  was  also  used,  of  old,  for  the 
scrotum,  and,  not  unfrequently,  for  the  testicle. 

IIkrnia,  Ankuuismal,  Cirsomphalus — h.  Ar- 
teriarum,  see  Aneurism — b.  of  the  Bladder,  Cys- 
tocele — h.  Hronchiiilis,  Broncbncele — h.  Carnosa, 
Sarcoccle — h.  of  the  Cerebellum,  Parencephalo- 
cele — h.  Cerebri,  Encephaloeele. 

Hkunia,  Congrn'it.VL,  Hemin  cnngen'itn,  is  a 
protrusion  of  some  of  the  contents  of  the  abdomen 
into  the  Tunica  vaginalis  testis,  owing  to  a  want 
of  adhesion  between  its  sides,  after  the  descent 
of  the  testicle. 

Hkrnia  Corvk.1?,  Ceratocele  —  h.  Crural.  Me- 
roeele  —  h.  Epiploic.  Epiplocele — h.  Femoral, 
•Merocele  —  h.  Foraminis  Oviilis,  see  Hernia  — 
h.  tiutturis,  Bronchocele  —  h.  Hepatica,  Hepa- 
tocele. 

Hernia  Humor a'ms.  Empres'nm  Orchi'tis,  Di- 

dymi'tis,  Orchi'tia,   Orchidi'tis,  Indannnrt'tin   tes'- 
tium,  Injiamma' lion  of  the  Tes'ticle,  Swelled  I'es- 


ticle,  Hernia  Ven'eris,  OrcJiioce'le,  OrcJiidoee'Ie, 
Orchidon'cits,  (F.)  Injl animation  dn  testicule,  Or- 
chite.  Swelling  and  inflammation  of  the  testicle  is 
a  common  sympton  of  gonorrhoea,  (F.)CArt»f/cj:>/s»e 
tombee  dans  Ics  liourses ;  but  it  may  arise  from 
external  injuries,  or  from  other  causes.  It  is  a 
disease  which  cannot  be  mistaken,  and  the  treat- 
ment must  obviously  be  strongly  antiphlogistic, 
supporting  the  testicle  during  the  treatment,  and 
for  some  time  afterwards  :  methodical  compres- 
sion has  also  been  found  useful.  The  disease  is 
not  generally  of  a  serious  character,  going  off  as 
s-uddenly  as  it  comes  on.  As  it  affects  the  epidi- 
dymis more  especially,  when  supervening  on  go- 
norrhoea or  blennorrheea,  it  is  sometimes  termed 
blenorrhag" ic  epididymi'tis. 

Hernia  Incarckrata,  Entero-peristole  —  h. 
Inguinalis,  Bub(mocele — h.  Intestinalis.  Entero- 
cele — h.  Intestinalis  oinentalis,  Entero-epiplocelo 
—  h.  Iridis,  Ptosis  Iridis — h.  Ischiatica,  Ischio- 
cele — h.  Lienali-^,  Splenocele. 

Her'ma  LiTr'nicA,  //.  e  Dirertic'nlo  Tntesti'ni. 
Hernia  first  described  by  Littro,  in  which  the  in- 
testinal canal  proper  is  not  included  in  the  hernial 
sac,  the  protruded  itortion  of  intestine  consisting 
of  a  digital  prolongation  of  the  ileum,  whieh  Littre 
concluded  was  formed  by  the  gradual  extension 
of  a  knuckle  of  the  bowel,  that  had  been  engaged 
in  the  inguinal  canal. 

Hbknia  op  thk  Liver,  Hepatocele — h.  of  the 
Lung,  Pncumocele. 

Hri{NIA,  Mksocoi/ic,  Her'nia  Mesoeo'lica. 
Hernia,  caused  by  the  bowels  gliding  between 
the  layers  of  the  mesocolon. — Sir  A.  Cooper. 

Hernia, Omental,  Epiplocele -^h.  Parorchido- 
enteriea,  Parorchido-entcrocele — h.  Perina;i,  sco 
Hernia — h.  Pharyngis,  Pharyngocele — h.  Phrenic, 
Diaphragmatic  hernia  —  h.  Pinguedinosa  Scroti, 
Liparocele  —  h.  of  the  Pleura,  Pleurocele  —  h. 
Pleurica  et  i)ulmonalis,  Pleurocele — h.  Pudendal, 
Pudendal  hernia  —  h.  Sacci  hicrymalis.  Lachry- 
mal hernia,  Mucocele — h.  Scrotalis.  Scrotocele — • 
h.  Seminalis  scroti,  Spermatocele — h.  of  the  Sto- 
mach, Gastrocele  —  h.  Suprapubian,  II.  inguinal 
— h.  of  the  Tongue,  Glossocele  —  h.  Umbilicalis, 
Epiplompbalon,  Exoniphalos — h.  Umbilici  Aquo- 
sa,  Ilydromphalum — h.  Urachi,  Uromphalus — h. 
Uteri,  Ilysterocele  —  h.  Varicose,  Cirsoc-ele  —  h. 
Varicosa,  "Varicocele  —  h.  Venarum,  Varix  —  b. 
Veneris,  Hernia  humoralis — h.  Ventosa,  Physo- 
eele — h.  Ventral,  see  Ventral — h.  Ventriculi,  Gas- 
trocele— h.  Vesicae  Urinaria?,  Cystocele — h.  Zir- 
balis,  Epiplocele. 

HEItyiAIRE,  Hernial,  Ilerniaria  glabra. 

HER'NIAL,  Hernia'rius,  (F.)  Herniuire.  Be- 
longing to,  or  concerning  hernia: — as  Hernial 
Bandage,  Hernial  Sac,  &c. 

The  (F.)  Hemic,  is  applied  to  a  part  enveloped 
in  a  hernial  sac.  (F.)  Hernieux,  Cele'ta,  Celo'tcs, 
Rup'turcd,  Burst,  Bursten,  means  one  affected 
with  hernia;  and  Chirurglen  herniaire,  one  ^yho 
devotes  himself  to  the  treatment  of  hernia. 

HERNIA'RIA  GLABRA,  H.  vulga'ris  seu 
hirsu'ta  seu  alpcs'tris  seu  an'nua  seu  cine' rea  seu 
frnticn'sa,  3/illigra'na,  Ein'petrnni,  Rupture- 
wort, from  hernia,  'rupture.'  (F.)  Hcrniairc, 
Turqnette,  Herniole,  Herhe  Turijiie.  Ord.  Paro- 
nyehiece.  This  plant,  which  as  its  name  imports, 
was  formerly  considered  efficacious  in  the  cure 
of  hernia,  seems  destitute  of  all  virtues. 

HERXIARIUS.  Hernial. 

H ERNIE  CHARNUE,  Sarcocele— A.  rfc  V Epi- 
ploon, Epiplocele  —  h.  de  V Estomac,  Gastrocele — 
h.  du  Foie,  Hepatocele—//.  Inguinale,  Bubonocele 
—  /(.  du  yombrit,  Exoniphalos  —  h.  Ombilicnle, 
Exomphalos — h.  du  Poumon,  Pneumocele — h.  da 
la  Ves^ic,  Cystocele. 

HERNIE,  Hernial. 


HERNIEMPIIRAGMUS 


460 


IIETEROPROSOPUS 


IIERNIEMPHRAG'MUS.  Hcrniempln-nx'Sx, 
from  henna,  and  tudipuy/joi,  '  ohiUuvX'ion.'  Tlie 
mechanical  ohstruciiini  vt'  a  hernial  canal  <"or  the 
radical  cure  of  the  hernia. 

HEUNIEUX,  Hernial. 

HERN  IDLE,  Herniariii  glabra. 

HERNIOTOMY,  Celotomia. 

IIERO'IC,  Heni'iciis,  Hcro'iiis,  Ifero'iis,  from 
'tpoif,  'a  hen).'  An  epithet  applied  to  remedies 
or  practice  of  a  violent  character. 

HERPEDON,  Herpes. 

HER  PEN,  Herpes. 

HERPES,  Eij/cs,  Herpe'doii,  Herpen,  Set-pens, 
from  'fprw,  'I  creep;'  because  it  creeps  and 
spreads  about  the  skin  ;  Ecph/i/'eis  Herpes,  Cij- 
lix'ma  Herpen,  'fetter,  Eret,  (F.)  iJiirtre,  Olo- 
plili/ctide.  A  vesicular  disease,  which,' in  most 
of  its  forms,  passes  throuj;h  a  regular  course  of 
increase,  maturation,  decline,  and  termination,  in 
fiom  10  to  14  days.  The  vesicles  arise  in  dis- 
tinct, but  irregular  clusters,  which  commonly  ap- 
pear in  quick  succession,  and  near  together,  on 
an  inflamed  base  ;  generally  attended  with  heat, 
pain,  and  considerable  constitutional  disorder. 
Tlie  term,  like  all  others  which  refer  to  cutaneous 
diseases,  has  not  been  accurately  defined.  The 
ancients  had  tliree  varieties  :  the  iiiiliuri/,  Kty- 
^(/laios;  vesicii/(ir,  (pXvKTuivoiirig,  and  ero'rluig, 
co^ioncvoi.  Bateman  has  the  following  varieties: 
1.  Herpes  Vulyct^ksovks,  Herpes  mi/ia'rin,  Ec- 
jjhly'sig  Herjies  iViliu'ris,  Nirles,  (E.)  Dartre 
phtyctenii'ide,  in  which  the  vesicles  are  millet- 
sized  ;  pellucid;  clusters  commencing  on  an  un- 
certain part  of  tiie  body,  and  being  progressively 
strewed  over  the  rest  of  the  surface  ;  succeeded 
by  fresh  crops.  2.  Heiu'Es  Zosthh,  Zoster,  Zona 
uj'iiea  seu  serpigiuu'mi,  Iijnis  Per' si  ens,  CinziU'a, 
Ciii'ffidtim,  Sacer  iijnis,  Evphli/'sis  Herpes  zoster, 
Herpes  peiis'eelis,  Eri/sip'elas  zoster  seu  pldyctcB- 
tiii'i'des  seu  piistidu'sa.  Zona,  Cir'ciinis,  Perizo'ma, 
(F.)  Ceinlure,  C.  dartrense,  Feu  Persique,  Ery- 
s'Hjele  pustiilenx.  Shingles,  (Prov.)  Cruels,  in 
wliich  the  vesicles  are  pearl-sized;  the  clusters 
spreading  round  the  body  like  a  girdle;  at  times 
confluent,  and  occasionally  preceded  by  constitu- 
tiimal  irritation.  3.  Herpes  Circina'tus,  Formi'- 
C(i  amhidato'rin,  Aii'nnlus  re'pen<i.  Herpes  Serpi'- 
go,  Serpi'go,  Ecphlt/'sis  Herpes  Circina'tus,  Jting- 
worni,  Vesic'idar  liini/ivonn,  consisting  of  vesi- 
cles with  a  reddish  base,  uniting  in  rings;  the 
area  of  the  rings  slightly  discoloured,  often 
followed  by  fresh  crops.  4.  Herpes  Labia'lis, 
and  5.  Herpes  PRyEPUTtA'Lis,  Aphtha  prapn'tii, 
t'/riis'cnla  preepu'tii,  appearing,  respectively,  on 
the  lips  and  prepuce.  6.  Herpes  Iris,  Iris,  Rain- 
bow-worm, occurring  in  small  circular  patches, 
each  of  which  is  composeil  of  concentric  rings  of 
different  colours.  To  these  may  be  added,  Her- 
pes Ex'edens,  H.  eslhioni'enns  seu  deposeevs  seu 
ferns  seu  estiom'enns  sunferox,  EephI y' sis  Herpes 
ex'edens,  Darfn  exeoriati'oa  seu  vi(dig'nn,  Lupus 
lion  exedens,  Formi'ca  corrosi'vn,  For  mix,  J'ap'ula 
/era,  Ul'cerative  Ringioorni,  A'(/ria,  (F.)  Dartre 
rongeante,  in  which  the  ve.-icles  arc  hard  :  clusters 
tlironged;  fluid  ilenso.  yellow  or  reddish,  hot, 
acrid,  corroding  the  subjacent  skin,  and  spread- 
ing in  serpentine  trails. 

All  the  varieties  demand  simply  an  antiphlo- 
gistic treatment,  when  attended  with  febrile  irri- 
tation. The  lierpes  cireinolus,  alone,  reciuires 
the  use  of  astringent  applications  which  have  the 
power  of  repressing  the  eruption. 

Herpes  Depascens,  H.  exedens  —  h.  Esthio- 
menus,  H.  exedens  —  h.  Estiomenus,  H.  exedens 
• — ^h.  Farinosus,  Pityriasis — h.  Ferox,  11.  exedens 
—  fa.  Ferus,  H.  exedens  —  h.  Furfuraceus,  Pityri- 
asis—  h.  Furfuraceus  circinatus,  Lepra,  H.  exe- 
dens—  h.  Miliaris,  II.  pblycta;no'ides  —  h.  Peris- 


celis,  II.  zoster  —  h.  Serpigo,  II.  circinatus — h. 
Tonsurans,  Purrigo  dccalvans. 

IIKRPET'IC,  Herpet'icus,  (F.)  Herpdif^ue, 
Dartrenx.      Possessing  the  nature  of  herpes. 

HERPETOG'RAPHY,  Herpetograph'i,,,  from 
'tpTtrii,  'herpes,' and  yf,nif>n,  '  a  description.'  A  de- 
scription of  the  different  forms  of  herpes,  as  Uer- 
petol'ogij,  nerjjelol(>g"ia,  is  a  treatise  on  the  .'•aiue, 
and  also  on  reptiles,  from  'ipnerov,  'a  reptile.' 

HER'PETON,  Herpet'ieon,  from  'tjisiiv,  'to 
creep.'  A  creeping  eruption  or  ulcer.  —  Hippo- 
crates. 

HERPYLOS,  Thymus  serpyllum. 

HEKRENSCWllAND'IS  SPECIFIC,  see  Spe- 
cific of  Herrenschwand. 

HERRIN.  Urine. 

HERSKET,  Ardor  ventriculi. 

HESPERIS  ALLIARIA,  Alljaria. 

H  ETERAUELPH'IA,  Heterodidyvi'io,  Hetero. 
di/ni'ia,  from  'tripos,  'other,'  and  aic)i(j,oi,  'a 
brother.'  A  double  monstrosity,  in  wliich  the 
components  of  the  double  bodies  are  very  unequal, 
and  of  which  one  portion  may  be  regarded  as  the 
stem  or  trunk,  to  which  another  organized  part, 
or  even  a  whole  body,  less  developed  than  itself, 
is  affixed  like  a  parasite. 

IIETERADEN'IC,  Heteraden'icns,  (F.)  Hm. 
radenif/ue,  from  'ercpos,  'other,'  and  aS>iv,  'a  gland.' 
An  accidental  tissue  is  so  termed,  which  has  a 
glandular  structure,  but  occurs  in  parts  devoid  of 
glands. 

HETEROCIIRON'ICUS,  Heteroch'ronvs,  from 
'ercpos,  and  xpovos,  'time.'  Relating  to  difference 
of  time. 

Pulsus  heterochron'icns.  A  pulse  of  varying 
rhythm.     An  irregular  or  intermittent  pulse. 

HETEROCHYMEU'SIS,  from  'tnpoj,  and 
;^ii/(£UCTis,  'mixture.'  A  state  of  the  blood  in 
which  it  contains  other  matters  than  in  health, 
as  urea,  bile,  &c. 

HETEROCLITE,  see  Homology,  and  Tissues. 

HETEROCRANIA,  Hemicrania, 

HETEROCRIN'IA,  from  'inpoi,  and  Kptvu,  'I 
separate.'  Modification  in  the  situation  of  secre- 
tions.— Andral. 

HETERODIDYMIA,  Heteradelphia. 

HETERODYMIA,  Heteradelphia. 

HETEROGENESIS,  see  Generation.  Also, 
anv  anomaly  in  organic  formation. 

HETEROLALIA,  Ileterophonia. 

HETEROLOGOUS  TISSUES,  see  Tissues. 

H  ETEROMORPH'ISM,  Heteromorphis'mvs, 
from  '£T£/oj.  and  /jopipn,  'shape.'  A  deviation 
frotn  the  natural  shape  of  parts. 

HETEROM OR  Pilous,  see  Homology. 

HETEROPA'GIA  ;  from  'trepoi,  and  Triiyo),  '  I 
unite  together.'  A  double  monstrosity,  in  which 
the  accessory  suliject,  which  is  very  small  and 
imperfect,  but  provided  with  a  distinct  head,  and 
at  least  rudimental  lower  limbs,  has  its  body  im- 
planted on  the  anterior  surface  of  the  body  of  the 
principal  subject. 

HETEROPATHIC,  Allopathic. 

HETEROPHO'NIA,  from  'irepni,  and  fwvt,, 
'voice.'  A  cracked  or  broken  voice.  A  change 
of  the  voice  or  speech — Hetcrola'tia. 

HETEROPHTHAL'MIA,  from  'trtpof,  and 
oip^a'Xjioi,  'eye.'  A  difi'erence  in  the  two  eyes, — 
as  when  one  squints,  or  is  of  a  diflercnt  colour. 

HETEROPLASM'US,  from  Uzij,oi,  and  TrAuff/io, 
'  formation.'  A  morbid  formation  foreign  to  the 
economy,  and  which  is  composed  of  elements 
difi"erent  from  those  that  are  found  in  it  in  the 
normal  condition.  * 

HETEROPLAS'TY,  Heteroplas'tice,  Hetero. 
pln'sia,  from  'tripos,  and  TrXaaau),  '  I  form.'  Irre- 
gular plastic  or  formative  actions  or  operations, 
that  do  not  admit  of  exact  classification. 

UETEROPROSO'PUS,  from  'tripos,  and   np»- 


IIETEROI'US 


401      HIERA    D1AC0L0CYM1II130S 


ouiirovi  'countenance.'  A  monster  having  two 
fuce.". — (iiirlt. 

HET'EKOl'US,  from  'erepo;,  and  novs,  'foot.' 
One  who  has  one  foot  dilferent  from  tlie  other. 

JIKTKROUHXIA,  Miliaria. 

HETEKORRlIYTirMUS.  from  'mpoj,  and 
pu9;io{,  '  rhythm.'  Iluviii^  another  rhythm.  An 
epithet  given  to  the  pulse,  wlien  it  is  such,  in  any 
individual,  as  is  usually  felt  at  a  different  aijc. 

IIETEROSAKCO'SES,  from  'trtpos,  and"  .rapf. 
'Qcsh.'  A  class  of  diseases  which  consist  in  the 
formation  of  accidental  tissues. — Gendrin. 

HETEROTAXTA,  (F.)  H,'ien.l„xl<;  from  'ire- 
floj,  and  rri(({,  'order.'  A  malformation,  wliich 
consists  in  the  general  transposition  of  organs. 
A  change  in  the  relaticm  of  organs. 

IIETEROTOP'IA,  (F.)  Heterotople,  from  'ctc- 
poi,  and  Tonof,  '  place.'  A  deviation  from  the 
natural  position  of  parts. 

If/i'TRK,  Fagus  sylvatica. 

IIEUCIIERA,  see  II.  cortusa  —  h.  Acerifolia, 
II.  cortusa. 

HeucHIs'rA  Cortu'sA,  H.  America'na  seu  Ace- 
rifd'lia  seu  Vis'cidd,  Oartii'sa  Amert'ca'iKt,  Alum 
Root,  Amer' ican  Snii'icle,  (iroHnd-mnpln,  Cli(f- 
weed,  Split-rock.  Ord.  Saxifragaceae.  The  root 
— Heuchera  (Ph.  U.  S.) — is  a  powerful  astringent, 
and  is  the  basis  of  a  cancer  potoder.  Tlie  Ameri- 
can Indians  apply  the  powdered  root  to  wounds, 
uk'crs,  and  cancers.  It  is  said  to  have  heen  sold 
for  oolchicuin. 

Hkiichbra  RicHARDSo'Nir,  which  abounds  on 
the  rocks  of  Churchill  River,  is  used  medicinally 
by  the  Cree  Indians,  who  chew  its  astringent 
root,  and  apply  it  as  a  vulnerary  to  wounds  and 
eores. 

IlKiirni5RA  VisciDA,  II.  cortusa. 

IlEUCK-RANE,  Ischion. 

IIEUDEl.OTIA  AFRICANA,  see  Bdellium. 

IIEUKS,  Singultus. 

II  EVE  A   OUiANENSIS,  see  Caoutchouc. 

HEXAGIUM,  Se.xtula. 

HEXAGON E  ARTERIELLE,  see  Circulus 
Willisii. 

IIEXATIIYRIDIUMVENARUM,  sec  Worms. 

IIEXT.-^,  'f(i?.  Habit,  habit  of  body,  constitu- 
tion.    Hence,  hectic,  cachectic,  &c. 

IIEYLE.  Sanitas. 

IIIA  TSAO  TOXG  TCIIONG,  Sphxria 
Sinensis. 

IIIA'TUS,  from  hiare,  hintiiin,  'to  gape,'  'to 
open.'  A  foramen  or  aperture.  Mouth.  The 
vulva.     Also,  yawning. 

Hiatus  Canalis  Fallopii,  see  Aquaeductus 
Pallopii. 

Hiatus  Biaphrag'matis  Aor'tious,  Semieir'- 
cnliis  exsciilp'tiis.  The  opening  in  the  diaphragm 
for  the  passage  of  the  abdominal  aorta. 

Hiatus  Fallopii,  see  Aquajductus  Fallopii  — 
h.  Occipilo  petreiiXj-hnceram  posterius  foramen 
— h.  S/iheiio-petreiix,  Lacerum  anterius  foramen. 

Hiatus  op  Winslow,  Fora'mcn  Wiuslovii, 
Fora'nien  of  Wiiixlow.  An  opening  —  situate 
behind  the  lesser  omentum,  and  behind  the  ves- 
sels and  nerves  of  the  liver — which  forms  a  com- 
munication between  the  peritoneal  cavity  and 
that  of  the  omenta. 

HIBER'NICUS  LAPIS,  Tcf/'ula  seu  Arde'sia 
Hiber'ttica,  Hnrde'iiid,  Irivh  jSlnte.  A  kind  of 
slate  or  very  hard  stone,  found  in  different  parts 
of  Ireland,  in  masses  of  a  bluish-black  colour, 
which  stains  the  hands.  It  has  been  taken, 
powdered,  .in  spruce-beer,  against  inward  con- 
tusions. 

HIBISCUS.  Althfoa. 

HiBis'cus  Abki.mos'chus,  Ahehnos'ehus  mns- 
ehn'tiis.  Ord.  Malvaccic.  The  name  of  the 
plant,  whose  seeds  arc  called  Granu  Jloschi  or 


Mnnl-Heed.  It  is  the  Bvlmn^'ihni,  Abelmox'rhii*, 
Griiuiim  Sfnschi,  Ket'mia  yE(/i/pfiaca,  MoHchiia 
Ar'iibiim,  jiEijijp'tia  moHcha'ta,  jjumij'  moscha'ln, 
Al'cca,  A.  /iid'icn  seu  JEfft/ptiaca  Villo'sn,  Ahd- 
monch,  Abeliiiusk,  Mwibniatioii-,  (F.)  Gniitie  tie 
jMiisc,  IJerbe  a  In  pond  re  de  CInjpre,  Ambrettf, 
Giiimanve  velontee.  It  is  indigenous  in  Egyjit 
and  the  Indies.  The  seeds  are  chiefly  used  as 
perfumes;  and  especially  in  the  formation  of 
Vijpritu  Ponder. 

Hibiscus  Esculen'tus,  Ol-ra,  Okro,  Gomho. 
A  plant,  the  green  pods  of  which  abound  in  m«-, 
cilage,  and  are  much  used  in  the  West  Indies  for 
soups. 

liiBis'ous  Popule'us,  Bnlimha'<jo.  A  small 
Molucca  tree.  The  fruit  is  full  of  a  juice  similar 
to  camboge.  The  root  is  emetic.  It  is  used  iu 
chronic  diarrha'a,  colic,  dyspepsia,  &c. 

IIIBRIDA,  Hvbrid. 

HICCOUGH,  Singultus. 

HICCUP,  Singultus. 

HICK'ORY.  The  name  of  several  American 
trees  of  the  genus  C'aryr, ;  Order,  Juglandaceas. 
The  leaves  are  usually  aromatic;  and  are  reputed 
to  be  antispasmodic  [?].  The  bark  of  those  species 
that  have  bitter  nuts,  as  Carya  ama'ra  and  0. 
porci'iia,  is  somewhat  astringent.  Some  of  them 
bear  fruit  that  is  much  esteemed,  ag  Carya  olira- 
formin,  Pecan'  or  Peccan'  nut,  and  C.  aulca'ta. 
Shell  bark. 

HIDDEN  SEIZURES.  An  expression  era- 
ployed  by  Dr.  Marshall  Hall  for  obscure  ence- 
phalic .and  spinal  attacks,  of  an  epileptoid  cha- 
racter for  example,  which  may  be  immediately 
owing  to  trachelismus. 

HIDE-BOUND,  Induration  of  the  cellular 
tissue. 

HIDRISCHESIS,  Hidroschesis. 

HIDROA,  Desudatio,  Echauboidnres,  Hydroa, 
Sudamina. 

HIDRON'OSUS,  Hidromt'sus.  from  Uipia^, 
'  sweat,'  and  voaoi,  '  a  disease.'  A  disease  accom- 
panied by  violent  sweats.     Sudor  Anglicus. 

HIDRONUSUS,  Hidronosus. 

HIDROPEDESIS,  Ephidrosis. 

HIDROPIIOROS.  Sudoriferous. 

HIDROPOETICUM,  Sudorific. 

HIDROPYRA.  Sudor  Anglicus. 

HIDROPYRETOS,  Sudor  Anglicus. 

HIDRORRHCEA,  Ephidrosis. 

HIDROS,'£^puf, 'i^puro?.  Sudor,  'sweat.'  Hence 

—Hidropipa,   Hidroxix.  Ac. 

HIDROS'CHESIS,  Ilidrie'cheKi^,  lleten'tio  »,,. 
do'ris,  from  hidrot,  and  (r;^;£(ri5, ' retention.'  Sup- 
pression of  perspiration. 

HIDROSIS,  Ephidrosis. 

HIDROTERION,  Achicolum. 

HIDROTERIUM,  Sudorific. 

HIDROTICUM,  Sudorific. 

HIDRO'TIUM,  Diminutive  of  hidros.  A 
gentle  sweat  or  perspiration. 

HTDROTOPCEUM,  Sudorific. 

HIEHLE,  Sambucus  ebulus. 

HI'ERA  DIACOLOCYN'THIDOS,  from  'upoi, 
'  holy.'  Hiera  of  Colocynth.  An  electuary,  com- 
posed of  10  parts  of  colocynth,  as  much  agaric, 
(jermander,  ichite  horehoiind,  sto'chan:  —  5  parts 
of  opoponax,  as  much  xayupenum,  parahy,  round 
birtjiwort  root,  and  white  pepper:  —  4  parts  of 
spikenard,  cinnamon,  myrrh,  and  saffron  ;  and  3 
pounds,  3  ounces,  and  5  drachms  of  honey. 

Hiera  of  Colocynth,  H.  Diacolocynthidos  — 
h.  Logadii,  Hiera  picra. 

IIiERA  Picra,  from  'upog,  'holy,'  and  rtxpos, 
'bitter.'  //"/'/  bitter,  Pulvis  aloet'icvs,  formerly 
called  Hiera  locja'dii  when  made  into  an  electu- 
ary with  honey.  It  is  now  kept  in  the  form  cf 
dry  powder; — prepared  by  mixing  socotrine  aloea, 


IIIERACITES 


4G2 


HIPPURIS  VULGARIS 


one  pound,  with  3  ounces  of  caiieUa  alba.  See 
Pulvis  aloes  cum  canella. 

HiEi!,v  Sykinx,  Vertebral  column,  Epilepsy. 

HIEllACI'TES,  'lepaKtrrii,  from  Ucpn^,  UcpaKo?, 
'a  Lawk,'  Lapis  Accip'itnim.  The  ancient  name 
of  a  precious  stone,  believed  to  be  capable  of  ar- 
resting the  hemorrhoidal  flux.  —  Pliny,  Galen, 
Paulus. 

HIERACrUM  LACHENALir,  H.  muroijum. 

Hihra'cium  Muko'rum,  //.  Lnchcna'lii,  Piil- 
mniia'ria  Gall'ica,  Aaric'ula  mu'rin  major,  (F.) 
Kpefviere  den  yiiuraillen,  Pidmonnire  ties  Fiuii<;aix. 
Old.  Compositae.  A  European  plant,  which  is  a 
slight  tonic. 

HiERACiUJf  Oleraceum,  Sonchus  oleraceus. 

HiERACiUM  Pilosel'la.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  Aiin'c'nla  Mun'n,  Pilosel'la,  P.  Alpi'nn, 
Myoso't'is,  Mouse-ear,  (F.)  Piloselle,  Oreille  de 
Souris.  This  plant  contains  a  bitter,  lactescent 
juice,  which  has  a  slight  degree  of  astringency. 
The  roots  are  more  powerful  than  the  leaves. 

Hiera'cium  Veno'sum,  Rattlcsiiaheweed,  Veiny 
Hawkweed,  Bloodwort,  indigenous,  has  similar 
properties. 

HIERANOSUS,  Chorea,  Convulsion,  Epilepsy. 

HIERAX,  Accipiter. 

HIEROBOTANE,  Verbena  officinalis. 

IIIEROGLYPH'ICA,  from  'it^oj,  'holy,'  and 
y\vipi3i,  '  1  carve.'  A  name  given  to  the  signs 
employed  in  medicine ;  and,  also,  to  the  folds  in 
the  hands,  feet,  and  forehead,  which  afford  chi- 
romancy its  pretended  oracles. 

HIEROPYR.  Erysipelas. 

HIKRY  PIKRY,  Pulvis  aloes  et  Canellee. 

HILL'S  BALSAM  OF  HONEY,  see  Balsam 
of  Hone}',  Hill's — h.  Essence  of  Bardana,  Tinctura 
guaiacae. 

HILLBERRY,  Gaultheria. 

HILL  FEVER,  see  Fever,  hill. 

HILON  fF.),  Hilum,  improperly  Hilns,  'the 
black  spot  on  the  top  of  a  bean.'  A  name  given 
by  some  writers  to  a  small  blackish  tumour, 
formed  by  the  protrusion  of  the  iris  through  an 
opening  in  the  transparent  cornea,  so  called  from 
its  comparison  with  the  liile  or  black  mark  pre- 
sented by  the  vicia  faba  at  one  of  its  extremities. 
In  Botany,  the  Hile  or  HHum  is  the  cieatricula 
of  a  seed,  which  indicates  the  place  by  which  it 
was  attached  in  the  cavity  of  the  pericarp.  It 
is  the  umbilicus  of  the  seed.  The  fissure  of  the 
spleen,  kidney,  lung,  ovary,  <fec.,  is,  also,  called 
HUhh.     See  Porta. 

HILUS,  Hilon. 

HiLus  Liena'lis,  Tiicisu'ra  liena'lis.  The  con- 
cave part  of  the  spleen. 

HiLus  Rena'lis,  fncisu'ra  reiin'lis,  Hiliis  of 
the  kidney.     The  concave  part  of  the  kidney. 

HILW'ORT,  Mentha  pulegium. 

HIMANTOMA,  see  Himas. 

HIMANTOSIS,  Himas. 

HIMAS,  'i/ias,  'ijiavToi,  'a  thong  of  leather.' 
The  uvula;  likewise,  elongation,  and  extenuation 
of  the  uvula.  It  is  also  called  Himanto'sis,  Hi- 
manto'ina.     See  Staphyloedema. 

HIMEROS,  Libido. 

HINDBERRIES,  see  Rubus  id»us. 

HIXDHEEL,  Tanacetum. 

HIP,  Haunch,  Hypochondriasis  —  h.  Bone. 
Ischium — h.  Disease,  Coxarum  morbus — h.  Joint, 
Coxoferaoral  articulation — h.  Tree,  Rosa  canina. 

HIP'PACE,  'iiriraKri,  from  'irTroj,  'a  horse.' 
Ca'setis  Eqni'nus.  A  cheese  prepared  from  mare's 
milk. 

HIPPANTHRO'PIA,  from  '.t-to?,  'a  horse,' 
and  av^otaiTOi,  '  a  man.'  A  variety  of  melancholy, 
in  which  the  patient  believes  himself  changed  to 
a  horse.  The  Greek  word  'iTTruySpcDTOf,  means 
the  fabulous  Centaur. 


IIIPPASIA.  Equitation. 

HIPPED,  Hyimchondriac. 

HIPPEIA,  EiiuitatioM. 

IUPPEUSIS,  Equitation. 

IIIPPIA'TER,  Hifjpililros,  Mvd'ic\is  cqna'riiiit, 
from  'iTTTTof,  '  a  hoi'se,'  and  'larfoi,  'a  pliysieian.' 
A  farrier.  A  horse  doctor.  Used  also  fur  one 
who  treats  the  diseases  of  other  domestic  animals; 
Veteriiia'rins,  JIuloined' tens,  Jled'ieits  Veterinti'- 
riiis,  ZoiWtrnn. 

HIl'PIATRrA,  Hlppiat'rica,  lllppial'riei, 
Medici' na  eqna'ria,  (F.)  Hijipiatiiijue.  Ascieiice, 
whose  object  is  the  knowledge  of  the  diseasesi  of 
the  horse.  It  is  sometimes  made  to  include  othur 
domestic  animals.     See  V^eterinary  art. 

HIP  PI  A  TJlfQUE,  Ilippiatria. 

HIPPIATRUS,  liippiater. 

HIPPO,  Ipecacuanha.  A  corruption,  in  Ire- 
land, of  Ipecacuanha;  and  hence  applied,  at 
times,  in  the  United  States,  to  the  American 
plant.  Euphorbia  Corollata,  which  is,  also,  called 
Ipecacuanha. 

Hippo,  Ixoiax,  Gillenia  trifoliata. 

HIPPOCAMPE  GRAN  UK.  Cornu  ammonis. 

HIPPOCAMPUS  MA,JOR,  Cornu  ammonis. 

Hippooam'piis  Minor,  Pes  hippoeam'pi  minor, 
['tmroKaitiToi,  'the  sea  horse.')  Unguis.  V.  Acis 
sen  Halleri,  O'crea,  Collie' uliis  cn'oeeB  posterio'ria 
venlricu/o'i-uiii  latera'lium,  Calcara'vis,  Un'eiform 
Ein'inence,  {¥.)  Ergot,  Eperon.  A  medullary  tu- 
bercle or  projection,  observed  in  the  posterior 
cornu  of  the  lateral  ventricle  of  the  brain. 

HIPPOCENTAUREA  CENTAURIUM,  Chi- 
ronia  ecntaurium. 

HIPPOCRAS,  Claret. 

HIPPOCRATES.  CAP  OF,  Bonnet  d'TIippo- 
crate — h.  Sleeve,  Chausse. 

Ul\'POCRA'r'lC,Hippocrat'icus.  Relating  to 
Hippocrates,  or  concerning  his  doctrine, — as  l]ij>- 
pofriilic  doctrine,  Hipp<ieratic  face,  &c. 

HIPPOC'RATISM,  Ifippocratism'uii.  The  doc- 
trine of  Hippocrates,  which  consisted  in  ol>serving 
and  following  nature,  as  indicated  by  her  pre- 
sumed efforts,  and  the  crises  set  up  by  her. 

HIPPOC'RATIST.  A  partisan  of  the  Uippo- 
cratic  doctrine. 

HIPPOGONYOLEPUS,  Crusta  genu  equina. 

HIPPOLAPATHUM,  Rumex  patienta. 

HIPPOLITIIUS,  Bezoard  of  the  horse. 

HIPPOM'ANE  MANCINEL'LA,  {'<7r7ro5,  'a 
horse,'  and  yiavut,  'madness,'  'horse,  or  violent 
maAness,' ) M aneh iiieel,  (F.)  Mancenillier.  Family, 
Euphorbiaeeae.  Sex.  Syst.  Monoecia  Moiiadelphia. 
A  poisonous  tree  of  South  America,  with  the 
milky  juice  of  which  the  Indians  poison  their 
arrows.     The  fruit,  also,  is  highly  poisonous. 

HIPPOMARATHRUM,  Peucedanum  silaus. 

II I  P  P  0  P  A  T II  0  L  '  0  G  Y,  Hip2>opatholo,/"ia, 
from  'nrnoi,  '  a  horse,'  ttu^os,  '  a  disease,'  and  Xoyos, 
'a  discourse.'  The  science  of  the  diseases  of 
the  horse.     Pathology  of  the  horse. 

IIIPPOPIIAGOUS,  Equivorous. 

IIIPPOPUS,  see  Kyllosis. 

HIPPOS,  Equus. 

HIPPOSELINUM,  Smyrniura  olusatrum. 

HIPPOSTEOL'OGY,  HippoHte<dog"ia,  from 
'itrnoi,  'a  horse,'  oartov,  'a  bone,'  and  Aoyoj,  'a 
discourse.'     Osteology  of  the  horse. 

HIPPOT'OMY,  Hippotom'ia,  from  'ittoj,  'a 
horse,'  and  rcftvuv,  'to  cut.'  Anatomy  of  the 
horse. 

HIPPU'RI.A,  from  'ivnoi,  'a  horse,'  and  ovpoi', 
'urine,'  because  the  urine  contains  hippuric  acid, 
which  is  found  in  the  urine  of  the  horse.  A  pa- 
thological condition,  in  which  there  is  an  excess 
of  hippuric  acid  in  the  urine. 

HIPPURIC  ACID,  see  Acid,  hippuric. 

HIPPURIS    VULGA'RIS,    from     '<:rirof,    'a 


IIIPPUS 


403 


HOLLY 


horse,'  and  ovpa,  'a  tail.'     The  systemntic  name  | 
of  the   Ilorne'n  Tail,  Miire's  Tail,  E<iulsi:'lum  vii- 
jiiif.  Equine' turn,  (F.)  Frele,  I'renle,  Anprele,  Queue  [ 
de  ckeval.     It   is   an  astringent,  and    frcqueutly  j 
used,  as  tea,  by  the  vulgar,  in  diarrhoea  and  l)e- 
iiiorrhage.     The   same   virtues  are   attributed    to 
tlie  Ki/iuHe'tniii    arcen'ne,  Jliiriiit' He,  IIiiio'huiii,  &u. 
IIIPPUS,    EquHH,    Nieta'tio,    from     'iirirof,    'a 
liorse.'     A  disease  of  the   eyes,  in   which,  from 
birth,  they  perpetually  twinkle,   like  those  of  a 
iriati  on  horseback.  [?J   Also,  a  tremulous  condition 
of  the  iris,  which  occasions  repeated  alternations 
(if  contraction  and  dilatation  of   the  pupil;  Iri- 
(lot'rontua,    Iridodone'sis,    Jj-idoplu'iiia,     Tremor 
J' rid  in, 

HIPS,  Sax.  heopa.  The  fruit  of  the  dog-rose, 
Ronu  caui'iiii :  chiefly  used  as  a  confection.  See 
Confectio  Rosib  Caninae. 

IIIHCIS'MUS,   Hircns,    llirquuH,  from   hirruK, 
'a  goat.'     Stinking  like  a  goat:  —  ajiplied  espe- 
cially to  the  odour  of  the  secretions  of  the  a.xilla. 
IIIRCUS,  Canthus  (greater),  Ilircismus,  Tra- 
gus— h.  Alarum,  Cinabra. 
JIIKPLINO,  Claudication. 
HIRQUITAL'ITAS,  from  hircna,  'a  goat,'  Po- 
rnpho'iiin  pu'heritni.  Goat's  voice.  See  Egophoriy. 
IlIRQUUS,  Hi  reus,  Canthus  (greater),  Ilircis- 
mus, Tragus. 

IIIRSU'TIES,  Daa'yma,  Bas'yiefi,  Tricho'ais, 
Hirnu'lieH,  ILiir' iiiens.  Growth  of  hairs  on  extra- 
neous parts,  or,  superfluous  growth  on  (larts;  as 
in  cases  of  bearded  women. — Good.  When  con- 
genital, it  is  termed  Hirsu'ties  ndita'ta. 

IIIRU'DO,  7'lie  Leech,  Sanyulsu'ga,  Bdelht  : 
from  haurio,  '  I  draw  out,'  or  from  hcereo,  'I  stick.' 
[?]  In  medicine,  Hiru'do  jMedieiiin'lis,  lidella 
Medicina'lis  or  Medic"imil  Leech,  (F.)  Sutxjnne, 
is  employed.  In  the  United  States,  H.  dec'ora 
is  used.  The  leech  lives  in  fresh  water,  and 
feeds  on  the  blood  of  animals,  which  it  sucks, 
lifter  having  pierced  the  skin  with  its  three  sharp 
teeth.  This  habit  has  been  taken  advantage  of, 
to  produce  local  blood-letting.  In  applying  the 
leech,  the  part  must  be  wiped  dry;  and  if  there 
be  difficulty  in  making  it  suck,  a  little  milk  or 
cream  may  be  applied.  When  satiated,  it  will 
drop  off,  and  by  applying  a  little  salt  or  vinegar 
to  its  head  it  will  disgorge  tlie  blood.  A  good 
English  leech  will  take  about  half  an  ounce  of 
blood,  including  that  which  flows  by  fomenting 
the  part  subsequently.  The  American  takes  less. 
HiRUDO  AiniKiciALis,  Antlia  sanguisuga  —  h. 
Decora,  see  llirudo — h.  Medicinalis,  Hirudo. 

IIIRUNDINARIA,  Asclepias  vinceto.\icum, 
Lysimachia  nummularia. 

IIIRUN'DO,  Ckcl'idon,  from  ha-reudo,  'stick- 
ing;' because  it  sticks  its  nests  against  the 
houses  [?].  The  Swallow.  The  nests  of  the 
swallow  were  once  emploj-ed  as  rubefacients, 
boiled  in  vinegar. 

IIISPANICUM  VIRIDE,  Cupri  subacetas. 
HISPIDITAS,  Dystoechiasis,  Phalangosis. 
HISPIDULA,  Antennaria  dioicum. 
HLSSINt!   RESPIRATION,  see  lidle  sibilant. 
IIISTIOLOGICAL,  Histological. 
HISTIOLOGY,  Histology. 
HISTOCHEMIA,  see  Chyniistry. 
HISTOCHYMY,  see  Chymistry. 
HISTOCHEMISTRY,  see  Chymistry. 
HISTODIAL'YSIS,  from  'uros,  'organic  te.x- 
turo,' and  imXvatf,  'dissolution.'     A  morbid  dis- 
solution of  the  tissues. 

IIISTOGENET'IC,  Histo,jenei'i,-uf<.  'Tissue 
making.'  Same  etymon  as  the  ne.\t.  Relating,  or 
appertaining  to  hixingeui/  or  the  formation  and 
development  of  the  organic  textures. 

HlSTOGKNKTlC      EleME.NTS     OF     NUTRITION,     SCC 

Plastic  Element. 

UISTOG"ENY,      Histogcii'ia,      Histo'jen'csia, 


Tiasjte  formation,  from  'lorof,  'the  organic  tpx- 
ture,'  and  yiviaii,  'generation.'  The  I'ormaiion 
and  development  of  the  organic  textures. 
HISTOLOGIA,  Ilistologv. 
1IIST0L0G"ICAL,  //l>iiolo,j"icua,  Histi„h,g". 
icul,  Jli>itiol(i(j" ieiia.  Same  etymon  as  the  next. 
Relating  to  histology.  Applied,  also,  at  times, 
to  the  natural  transformations  that  occur  in  the 
tissues  in  the  embryo,  in  contradistinction  to 
ntorphtdogicid,  which  apjilies  to  the  alterations  in 
the  form  of  the  several  jiaits  of  the  eiiibivo. 

HISTOL'OGY,  Hixlo/o,,"ln,  Hiatioro,,)/,  Hia- 
tiolo!/"ia,  from  'larog,  'the  organic  texture,' and 
Aoyof,  '  a  description.  Anatomy  (general).  The 
term  is,  also,  more  particularly  appropriated  to 
the  minute  anatomy  of  the  tissues.  See  Ana- 
tomy. 

Fntholo<i"ic(il  Hiatol'iKjy.  Microxcop'ic  patho- 
lo(j"ieal  Anat'omy,  is  the  morbid  anatomy  of  the 
tissues. 

HISTOL'Y^SIS,  from  'laros,  'the  organic  tex- 
ture,' and  Xvais,  'solution.'  The  decay  and  dis- 
solution of  the  organic  tissues,  and  of  the  blood. 
It  includes  the  various  forms  of  retrograde  meta- 
morphos^is  and  degeneration. 

HISTON'OMY,  //(Vo»,o/»'m,  from  'iirroi,  'the 
organic  texture,' and  vufios,  'law.'  The  aggregate 
of  laws,  which  preside  over  the  formation  and 
arrangement  of  the  organic  tissues. 

HIS'TORY.  MED'ICAL,  Ilinio'ria  Medici'nce. 
A  narration  of  the  chief  circuinstMnees,  and  the 
persons  connected  with  them,  in  the  progress  of 
medicine. 

HIST'OS,  'loToj,  'a  web  or  tissue,'  'the  organic 
texture;'    VVt'"')"'/  seu  Teln  onjun'icn. 

IHSTOT'OMl^  Hixintom'in,  from  'taroi,  'or- 
ganic texture,'  and  rojit],  'incision.'  Dissection 
of  the  tissues. 

HIVE,  Hives. 

HivK  Syiutp,  Syrnpus  scillae  compositus. 

HIVES,  Cynanehe  trachealis.  Urticaria,  Vari- 
cella. In  Scotland,  according  .to  Dr.  Jameson, 
Hives  or  llyves  means  any  eruption  of  the  skin, 
proceeding  from  an  internal  cause;  and,  in  Lo- 
thian, it  is  used  to  denote  both  the  red  and  the 
yellow  gum.  In  the  United  States,  it  is  vaguely 
employed :  most  frequently,  perhaps,  for  Urti- 
caria. 

Hives,  Bold,  Cynanehe  trachealis,  Urticaria 
— h.  Eating.  Rupia  escharotica. 

HOARSENESS,  Raucedo. 

HOAST,  Tussis. 

HOBBIL,  Idiot. 

HOB-NAIL  LIVER,  Cirrhosis  of  the  liver, 
Liver,  nutmeg. 

HOC,  Alcea  rosea. 

HOCK,  Poples. 

HOCKS,  Aleea  rosea. 

HOD,  Crick  in  the  neck. 

HOFF,  Poples. 

HOG-LICE,  Onisei  aselli. 

HOGWORT,  Heptallon  graveolens. 

HOIST.  Tu.<.«is. 

HOLANENCEPHA'LTA,  from  'oXoy,  'entire,' 
and  (lueiicephnlid,  'absence  of  brain.'  Entire 
absence  of  brain, — the  same  as  Anencephalia. — 
L  G.  St.  Hilaire. 

HOLARTIIRITIS,  Hamarthritis. 

IIOLCE.  'oUr,.     A  drachm.— Galen. 

HOL'CIMOS,  'oXKifios,  from  •u\kii,  'a  weight.' 
A  tumour  of  the  liver. 

HOLCUS  SORGHUM,  Panicum  Italiouui. 

HOLENE,  Ilex  aquifolium. 

IIOLERA.  Cholera. 

HOLES,  BURNT,  Rupia  escharotica. 

HOLLANDS,  Gin. 

HOLLEN,  Ilex  aqnifolium. 

HOLLY,  AMERICAN,  Ilex  opaca  — h.  Com- 
mon.  Ilex  aquifolium — h.  Dahoon,  Ilex  vomitori* 


HOLLYHOCK 


4r,4 


HONEYCOMB  BAG 


— h.  Ground,  Pyrohi  tnaculiitn,  Pyrola  umLellata 
— h.  Sea,  Ervngiiun  ninrititnum. 

HOLLYHOCK.  COMMON,  Alcea  rosea. 

HOLMES  WEED,  Scrophularia  nodosa. 

HOLMICOS,  Alveolus. 

HOLMOS.  Mortar. 

HOLOCYRON,  Teuerium  chamaepitys. 

HOLOGANGLirriS,  Cholera. 

HOLONAKCO'SIS,  from  '0A05,  'whole,'  and 
vapKutaii,  'stupor.'  Narcosis  of  the  whole  body. 
Torpefdc'tio  mi I'vo'sa'lin. 

HOLOPHLYCTIDES,  Phlyctisna. 

HOLOSTEUM  ALSINE,  Alsine  media. 

HOLOSTEUS,  OsteocoUa. 

HOLOTETANUS,  see  Tetanus. 

HOLOTONIA,  Holotonicus,  Tetanus. 

HOLOTON'ICUS,  'o\os,  'the  whole,' and  rtivu, 
*I  stretch.'  Holoton'in.  A  spasm  of  the  whole 
body  ;— a  variety  of  tetanus. — Sauvages. 

HOLYN,  Ilex  aquifoliuui. 

HOL'YWELL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Holywell  is  a  town  in  Wales,  and  takes  its  name 
from  the  famous  well  of  St.  Winifred.  It  is  a 
simple  cold  water,  remarkable  for  its  purity. 

H OMAGRA,  Omngra. 

HOMEOPATHY,  Homoeopathy. 

HOMERDA,  Storcus  humaiuim. 

HOME'RIA  COLLI'NA,  a,pe  TnUp.  A  poi- 
sonous South  African  plant,  Nnt.  Ord.  Irideae, 
the  bulb  of  which  acts  as  a  violent  acro-narcotic, 
producing  fntal  results  very  speedily. 

HOMESICKNESS,  Nostalgia. 

HOMKn'DAL,  Trncileii'tns,  Ferwi,  from  hnmo, 
'man,'  and  cmflo,  'I  kill.'  Pertaining  or  relating 
to  homicide  or  the  killing  of  man. 

Homicidal  Insan'ity,  Ilomui'dal  Monomn'nia, 
(F.)  Ifdiionidiiic  htiiiiicnle.  Insanity,  with  an 
irresistible  impulse  to  destroy  life. 

HOMILIA,  Coition. 

HOM'INY.  A  word  of  Indian  derivation. 
Maize  or  Indian  corn  hulled  and  coarsely  broken. 
It  is  prepared  for  food  by  being  mixed  with  water 
and  ijoiled. 

HoMiNv,  Whkaten,  see  Groats. 

HOMIOSIS,  Homoiosis. 

HOMME.  Homo. 

HOMO,  (F.)  Homme,  Man,— the  chief  and  most 
perfect  of  the  mammalia;  in  Greek,  av^pi^vos, 
Anthro'pi>«,  from  ava,  'upwards,'  and  rpmui,  'I 
turn  ;'  because  man,  alone,  of  all  animals,  pos- 
sesses the  natural  power  of  standing  erect.  He 
is,  also,  the  only  animal  whose  incisor  teeth, 
wedged  in  a  projecting  jaw,  are  absolutely  ver- 
tical. Man  is  es|)ecially  distinguislied  from  other 
raammalia  hy  the  faculty,  which  he  po.-sesses,  of 
classing  his  ideas:  conipiiring  them  with  each 
other;  and  connecting,  representing,  and  trans- 
mitting them  by  signs  and  articulate  sounds.  He 
possesses,  in  the  highest  degree,  all  the  attributes 
of  intelligence. — memory,  juilgment,  and  imagi- 
nation. He  inhabits  all  countries, —  the  burning 
regions  of  the  torrid  zone,  and  the  chilling  at- 
mosphere of  the  polar  climes.  In  different  situa- 
tions, he  presents,  in  his  figure,  colour,  and  sta- 
ture, differences  which  have  caused  mankind  to 
be  divided  by  naturalists  into  races  or  varieties. 
The  number  of  such  races  can  only  be  appro.xi- 
mated.  Blumenbach  admits  five,  the  C'oncaninn, 
Ethiojiinn,  3foiiii(illan,  J/alajj,  and  AmeHcan. 
Every  division  must  necessarily  be  arbitrary,  and 
the  individuals  composing  each  variety  are  far 
from  being  alike. 

Homo  Alatus.  see  Alatus, 

Homo  Cauda'ti's,  "Tailed  man.'  A  fabulous, 
tailed  variety  of  the  human  species,  'incola  orbis 
antarctici,'  admitted  by  Linnfsus,  although  he  is 
uncertain  whefher  to  rank  them  with  men  or 
npes ! 

Homo  Fatuiis,  Idiot. 


HOMOED'RU.S,  from  hfiov,  'together,'  and 
'£c5/io,  'seat.'  Having  the  same  seat.  Mnrbi  ho- 
iiK/edri : — diseases  that  have  the  same  seat. 

HO.MffiOMORPllOUS,  see  Homology. 

H0M(E0PAT1I.  Homooopathist. 

HOMOiOPATlI'IC,  f/omwop„lh'!cu8,  Homce. 
op'alhen.      Relating  to  hoinceopiitliy. 

HOM<EOPA  Til  IE,  Homoeopathy. 

HOMCEOP'ATHIST,  H/mwopalh,  Homrro. 
pnth'iciis,  Homwopatliis'ta,  HonutopalhiH' tes.  One 
who  believes  in  honireopathy. 

HOMCEOP'ATHY,  Hom,ropath!'a,  Ar„  homrr. 
opnth'ica,  JIimKioji'iitJii/,  Hiilui'eiii'iniiiaiii,  Diiun. 
mop'dthij,  (¥.)  Hinmropalhie,  Humirotliernpeii. 
tiqiie,  Hunia'oni/mpnthie,  D(jf:trine  homcro-orynii. 
ique,  from  'ofiotui,  'like,'  and  iraSof,  'alfection.' 
A  fanciful  doctrine,  which  maintains,  that  disor- 
dered actions  in  the  human  body  are  to  bo  cured 
by  inducing  other  disordered  actions  of  a  like 
kind,  and  this  to  be  accomplished  by  infinitesi- 
mally  small  doses,  often  of  apparently  inert 
agents;  the  decillionth  part  of  a  grain  of  char- 
coal, for  example,  is  an  authorized  dose.  It  has 
also  been  called  (ilob'iilinm. 

HOMffiOSIS,  Homoiosis. 

HOM(EOSYiMPA THIE,  Homoeopathy. 

H  OM(EO  THE  R  A  PEUTIQ UE,  Homoeo- 
pathy.. 

HOMCEOZ'YGY,  from  'onoioi,  'like,' and  fuyow, 
'I  goin  together.'  (F.)  i!>'oi-poin-->iol.  The  law 
of  association  of  organs,  by  which  like  parts  ad- 
here to  like  parts. — Serres. 

HOMOETHNIA,  Symi)athy. 

HOMOGENESIS,  see  Generation. 

HOMOIOPATHIA,  Sympathy. 

HOMOIO'SIS,  Homocu'ais,  Hiimio'sis,  from 
'oiioioiii,  'I  resemble,'  'I  assimilate.'  An  elabora- 
tion of  the  nutritious  juice,  by  which  it  becomes 
proper  for  assimilation. 

HOMOLINON,  see  Apolinossis. 

HOMOLOGOUS,  see  Homology. 

HOM'OLOGUE,  Homid'oyns,  same  etymon  as 
homology.  A  term  applied  to  the  same  organ  in 
different  animals  under  every  variety  of  form  and 
function. — Owen. 

HOMOL'OGY,  from  'o/iotng,  'like,'  and  Xoyo;, 
'a  description.'  The  doctrine  of  similarity  of 
structure.  Thus,  the  two  sides  of  the  liody  are 
said  to  be  '  homologous.'  Homid'cxjiiuH,  homn- 
morpli'ous,  or  hiiniceoiiinrph'ons  tissues  are  tho.-e 
that  resemble  others;  in  opposition  to  hi terol'o- 
goiiii,  hct'eroclite,  or  heterotiiorph'ouii,  which  are 
new  formations.  Homology  seems  now  to  Ijc 
accepted  as  the  designation  of  the  doctrine  or 
study,  the  subject  of  which  is  the  relations  of  the 
parts  of  animal  bodies. — Owen. 

HOMOMORPHOUS,  see  Homology. 

HOMONOPAGIA,  Cephalalgia. 

nOMOPH'AGUS,  from  'o>i,oi,  'raw,'  and  (fiayiD, 
'1  eat.'     One  who  eats  raw  Qcsh. 

HOMOPLAS'TY,  Homoopla'mn,  from  'o,i.)i..f. 
'like,' and  ttAoito-o),  'I  form.'  The  formation  of 
homologous  tissues. 

HOMOPLATA,  Scapula,. 

HOMOT'ONOS,  ^Eipm'Ux,  from  'opoi,  'equal.' 
and  Toi'Of,  'tone.'  That  which  has  the  same  tone. 
A  continued  fever,  whose  symptoms  have  nn 
equal  intensity  during  the  whole  course  of  the 
disease,  has  been  so  called.  See  Acraastieos,  and 
Synocha. 

HONESTY,  Lunaria.  rediviva. 

HONEWORT,  FIELD,  Sison  amomum. 

HONEY,  Mel— h.  Balsam  of.  Hill's,  see  Mel— 
h.  Bloom,  Apocynum  androsaniifolium  —  h.  of 
Borax,  Mel  boracis  —  h.  Clarified,  Mel  dcspuroa- 
tum — h.  Prepared,  Mel  pra;paratum — h.  of  Rose?, 
Mel  rosfE — h.  of  Squill,  compound,  Syrupus  scillsB 
eompositus. 

HONEYCOMB  BAG,  Pvcticulum. 


iionp:ysuckle 


4  G.J 


HOSPITAL 


HONEYSUCKLE,  Lonicera  poric-lymenura  — 
h.  Hush,  Diorvilla  trifula  —  h.  Sitarlet,  Lonicera 
seiii])crviroiis  —  h.  Truiii[iet,  Lonicera  seuiper- 
^irun.". 

]IO.NM^,Y  SUGAR,  Glucose. 
HONMJLANE,  Coptis  teeta. 
HONOR  CAPITIS,  see  Capillus. 
no  SOU  M  RE,  S<istruiii. 
JIONOHAKIUM,  Sostrutn. 
JIOSTKHX,  Piuiic. 
IIOODWORT,  Scutellaria  lateriflora. 
HOOK,  Sax.  hoce,  hooc,  Dutch,  hoeck,  Un- 
ciiK,  Uiic"inii>i,  Aiic'i/ra,   (F.)  Eriane,  Ain'gtie  OU 
Kriiie.    An  instriunent,  consisting  of  a  steel  wire, 
flattened  iit  llic   iniildle,  and  having  the  extremi- 
ties crooked  and  pointed.     Some  hooks  are  fur- 
nished with  a  handle  atone  extremity — the  other 
having  one  or  two  liooks  ; — constituting  the  liiii/le 
or  iloiihle  hook.     The  hook  is  used  by  anatomists 
and  surgeons  to  lay  hold  of,  and  raise  up,  certain 
parts,  the  dissection  of  which  is  delicate,  or  which 
would  slip  from  the  fingers. 

The  Tciificidiim  is  a  variety  of  the  hook. 
Hooif,  Bl.tiNT,  /ch'thi/it,  fch'thye.  Oin/JC,  Ungiiii 
ferr'eiiH.     An    instrument  which   is  passed    over 
the  flexures  of  the  joints  to  assist  in   bringing 
down  the  fretus  in  parturition. 
HOOP  TREE,  Molia  azedarach. 
HOOPER'S   PILLS,  Pilul;u  Aloes  et  Mvrrhae. 
HOOPING-COUGH,    Pertussis  — h.    Roche's 
Emhrociition  for,  see  Roche. 

nOPITAL,  Hospital  — /t.  f7es  Foim,  Morotro- 
phium. 

HOPLOCIIRIS'MA,  from  'ojtXoi/,  'a  weapon,' 
and  ;^pi(Tfiu.  'salve.'  Uiifjne^'tiim  anitn'riinii, 
Arm'iilori/  Unyiieiit.  A  salve  which  was  sup- 
posed to  cure  wounds  by  sympathy, — the  instru- 
ment with  which  the  wound  was  inflicted  being 
anointed  with  it. 

HOPLO.MOCH'LION,  'o-:\n)xnx\iov.  from  'o^Xoi/, 
*a  weapon,'  and  ^10^X0^,  'a  lever.'  The  name  of 
an  iron  machine  or  ajii)!iratus,  which  embraced 
the  whole  body  like  armour.  A  figure  of  it  is 
given  by  Enbricius  iib  Aiiuapcndente. 

HOP,  lIuMiulus  lupulus — li.  Pillow,  sec  Huuui- 
lus  lupulus — h.  Plant,  Humulus  lupulus. 
HOPS,  see  Huinulus  lupulus. 
IWQUET.  Singultus. 
HORA.  Ilobe. 
HOR.EA,  ISIenscs. 
HOR.EOTKS,  Maturity. 
HORDKI  MALTIIM,  Malt. 
HOUDE'OLUM,  diminutive  of //«)(7r/(w,  'bar- 
ley,'    Ordc'ohun,  ['ox'tlnii,  SflerophlhnV mid,  Cri- 
the,  Critldd'inii,  Ci-i/t/ie,   Stijr,   Sti/on,   Sliue,   (F.) 
Orgelet,    Onjeolet.     A    small,    inflammatory    tu- 
mour, of  the  nature   of  a  boil,   which   exhibits 
itself  near  the  free  edge  of  the  eyelids,  particu- 
larly near  the  inner  angle  of  the  eye. 

lioR'DEUM,  Or'deMm,  Crlthe.  The  seeds  of 
Iloideiim  viihjit're  or  Scotch  linrley,  Ord.  Gra- 
minesB,  are  ranked  amongst  the  Cerealia.  (F.) 
Orge.  They  afford  a  mucilaginous  decoction, 
which  is  employed  as  a  diluent  and  antiphlo- 
gistic. The  seeds  of  the  Hnrdcum  dh'tichnn  seu 
asti'vnm,  Zeoc'n'lon  dis'tichiim,  and  //.  hexas'- 
tichon  possess  similar  properties.  Barley  is  freed 
from  its  shells  in  mills,  forming  the  Hor'dcnm 
mnnda'tum  seu  dccnrticn'tnm  seu  exrortica'tiim, 
Hor'drum  of  the  Pharmacopreias  :  and,  at  times, 
is  rubbed  into  small,  round  grains,  somewhat 
like  pearls,  when  it  is  called  Ilordeum  perln'tnm, 
Pearl  Jitirle;/,  (F.)  Orge  perif,  and  forms  the 
Hordcum  dctnida'tiim  seu  perln'tnm,  tho  Hnrdei 
lem'liin  tu'iiici'i  nuda'tn,  of  the  Pharmacopoeias, 
—IJordeiim  (Ph.  U.  S.) 

HoRDKUM  CAUSTiriTM,  Veratrum  sabadilla  —  h. 
Decorticatum,  see  Hordeum — h.  Denudatum,  see 
30 


Ilordeum — h.  Excorticntura,  see  Hordeum — h. 
(Jalacticurn,  Oryza — h.  Mundatum,  see  Ilordeum 
— h.  Perlatum,  see  Ilordeum. 

HOREIIOUND,  Marrubium  — h.  Black,  Bal- 
lota  foetida  —  h.  Germander-leaved,  Eupatoriuni 
teucrifolium  —  h.  Stinking,  Ballota  foetida  —  h. 
Water,  Lycopus  sinuatus,  Lycopus  Virginicus  — 
h.  Wild,  Eupatorium  rotundifolium,  E.  teucri- 
folium. 

HORME,  Instinct. 

HORMINU.M,  Salvia  horminum  — h.  Colora- 
tuin.  Salvia  horminum  —  h.  Sativum,  Salvia  hor- 
minum. 

HORMON,  Enormon. 

HORN,  Cornu. 

HORN  POX,  see  Varicella. 

HORNSEED,  Ergot. 

HORNY,  Corneous. 

HoilNY  Excuns'cK.NCES,  Lepido'nis,  Rhtht/i'n- 
sis  coniig"ern,  Cor'nun  eiita'nea,  (P.)  C'iniei  de 
Id  I'edii.  Certain  excrescences,  which  occasion- 
ally form  on  some  part  of  the  skin,  and  resemble, 
in  shape,  the  horns  of  an  animal. 

HoiliNY  SlJBSTANt'K,  See   ToOth. 

horrent: A,  Horripilation. 

HOR'RIDA    CUTIS,    Gooxe-nhh,.   Citf!>i   oiih". 
I  ri')i((,    DeriiiatospdHiu' lis,    Spaimun   j^eriplter'  'icii<i. 
A  state  of  the  skin  produced  by  cold  or  fear,  and 
accompanying  the  rigor  of  an  intermittent. 

HORRIPILA'TION,     Horripila'tio,     Horror, 
Ilorreu'tid,     J'hriie,     Phricns'miis,     J'hrici'iisiK, 
J'hrl'cid,  from  horrerc,  'to  bristle  up,'  and  pilim, 
'hair.'     (F.)  Jlorripi/dtioii,   Frisnonneriient.      Ge- 
neral chilliness,  preceding  fever,  and  accompanied 
,  with  bristling  of  the  hairs  over  the  body. 
]      HORROR,  Horripilation — h.  Ciborum,  Disgust; 
I  for  food. 

I  HORSE  BALM,  Collinsonia  Canadensis  —  b. 
Cane,  Ambrosia  trilida — h.  Chestnut,  ..rEsculus 
hippoca? tanum — h.  Crust,  Crusta  genu  cquinae. 

HORSEFLY  WEED,  Sophora  tinctoria. 

HORSEFOOT,  see  Kyllosis. 

HORSEMINT,  Ambrosia  trifida,  Monarda  coc- 
cinca,  M.  fistulosa,  and  M.  i)unctata — h.  Sweet, 
Cunila  mariana. 

HORSE  NETTLE,  Solanum  Carolinense. 

HORSE  RADISH,  Cochlearia  armoracia, 

HORSE'S  TAIL.  Hippuris  vulgaris. 

HORSE  WEED,  Ambrosia  trifida,  Collinsonia 
Canadensis,  Erigeron  Canadense. 

IIORTULUS  CUPIDINIS,  Vulv.a. 

HORTUS,  Vulva  — h.  Siccus,  Herbarium. 

HOSE,  Collum,  Throat. 

HOSEFISH,  Sciiia. 

HOS'PITAL,  primarily  from   honpes,  hospifta, 
'a    guest.'       lujirm'dry,    (Old    Eng.)     Farm'ery, 
;  Spit'al,  NoKocomi' urn,  Adi/nntocoiiii'iim,  Adynato- 
'  dochi'um,  Xenodoce'um,  Xenodoche'um,  Iiiflrnia'- 
!  riiim,     hifirmato'riiini,    Nnsodoclii'nm,     Ynletudi- 
na'rinm,  (F.)  lIopitoL     An  establishment  for  the 
reception   of  the  sick,  in  which  they  are  main- 
tained  and    treated    medically.     Hospitals  were 
first  instituted  about  the  end  of  the  4th  century; 
a  period  at  which  the  word  vouokojuiov  was  em- 
ployed, for  the  first  time,  by  St.  Jerome.     They 
may  be  geiiend,  receiving  all  cases  ;   or  apecUd, 
admitting  only  the  subjects  of  certain  diseases. 

Hos'fital  Gangrene,  Phageda-'na  gnmjrte- 
vo'sa,  J^iitn'd  or  JfaligiKiiit  Ulcer,  Gaiigrm'^xt 
Xosoconiio'nim  seu  Nonocomin'h's  sen  Coitfai/io'sn, 
Sphdc"elu«  nosocomid'lin,  Hos'pitid  Sore,  I'litre'- 
do,  (F.)  Ponrritiire  ou  Gdngrene  d'h6pitid.  Gan- 
grene, occurring  in  wounds  or  nlcers,  in  hospi- 
tals, the  air  of  which  has  been  vitiated  by  tho 
accumulation  of  patients,  or  some  other  circum- 
stance. Hospital  gangrene  —  many  dift'erent  va- 
rieties of  which  are  met  vrith,  and  always  aecom- 


HOST 


466 


HUMIDUM   NATIVUM 


panied  or  proccilcd  by  fever  —  commonly  com- 
mences with  suppression  of  the  suppuration  of 
the  wound,  which  becomes  covered  vvitli  a  gray- 
ish and  tenacious  sanies.  The  gangrene  tlien 
manifests  itself.  It  extends  from  the  centre  of 
the  ulcerated  surface  towards  the  edges  ;  these 
become  swollen,  painful,  and  everted;  and  the 
patient  dies  with  all  the  signs  of  typhus.  The 
treatment  must  be  varied  according  to  circum- 
stances. Sometimes,  it  requires  the  use  of  sti- 
mulating, acid,  caustic,  and  antiseptic  applica- 
tions ;  with,  occasionally,  the  actual  cautery, 
aided  by  the  exhibition  of  tonics,  internally  :  — 
at  others,  the  antiphlogistic  regimen  and  emol- 
lient applications  n)ay  be  necessary. 

Hospital,  Insane,  Morotrophium — h.  Leper, 
Lai/ren'e. 

HOST,  Tussis. 

IIOSTIARIUS,  Pylorus. 

HOT  SPRINGS,  see  Virginia,  mineral  wa- 
ters of. 

HOUBLOy,  Iluraulus  hipulus. 

HOU(tH.  Poi)les,  Sickly. 

HOUNDS'  TONGUE,  Cvnoglossum. 

HOU/'PE  NERVEUSE,  see  Papilla  —  ^,  (hi 
Jfeiitoii,  Depressor  labii  inferioris,  Levator  labii 
iuferioris. 

HOURGLASS  CONTRACTION  OF  THE 
UTERUS,  see  CJiaton. 

HOUSELEEK,  Sempervivum  tectorum  —  h. 
Small.  Sedum. 

HOUSEMAID'S  KNEE,  see  Knee,  house- 
maid's. 

HOUSE-PUPIL,  see  House-Surgeon. 

HOUSE-SURliEON,  Ji<«'itleiit  Snnjmn.  Usu- 
ally a  senior  house-pupil  or  graduate,  who  resides 
in  an  hospital,  and  atten<ls  to  every  accident  and 
disease,  in  the  absence  of  the  attending  physician 
or  surgeon.  It  answers,  in  the  British  hospitals, 
to  the  Elive  inttrtie  or  Interne  of  the  French. 
The  Eleve  c.i-tenie.  or  E.rterne  is  a  less  advanced 
pupil ;  from  whom  Internes  are  chosen.  In  ordi- 
nary schools,  Elere  externa  tneans  a  day-scholar; 
whilst  Eleve  interne  means  a  boarder. 

HOUX,  Ilex  aquifolium— /).  Ajxthichine,  Ile.x 
votnitoria— /(.  /'elit,  Ruscus. 

HOWDY,  Midwife. 

HOWDY-WIFE,  Midwife. 

HUACACACHU,  Datura  sanguinea. 

IIUACO.  Gu.aco. 

IIUANU,  Guano. 

HUBIiON,  Haunch. 

HUCKLEBERRY,  see  Gaylussaeia,  and  Vac- 
cinium — h.  Dwarf,  (laylussacia  humosa. 

HUCKLEBONE.  Tschion. 

HUCKSHOULDERED,  see  Hump. 

HUDSON'S  PRESERVATIVE  FOR  THE 
TEETH  AND  GUMS,  see  Tinctura  Myrrhie. 

HUILE,  Oil  —  /(.  d'Alminthe,  Artemisia  absin- 
thium (oil  of) — }i.  d' Acajou,  see  Anacardium 
occidentale. 

HUILE  ACOUSTIQVE  (F.),  O'lenm  „cuH't!. 
cum.  Acoustic^ Oil.  An  oil  for  deafness,  prepared 
of  olire  oi/,  t^\}  ;  (/arliv,  nx-r/a/l,  and  bin/  /eiiven, 
each  3Jj ;  boiled  for  a  quarter  of  an  hour,  and 
strained. 

HUILE  D'AMANDES,  Oleum  amygdi.larutn 
— /(.  d'Ancth,  see  Anethum  graveolens  —  h.  Ain- 
vuile.  Oleum  aniinale  —  h.  Animnle  dn  D/jj/x/, 
Oleum  animnle  Dippclii  —  h.  Auimtilinee  /mr  >u- 
/iiMion,  Oleum  aniin:ili/,atum  per  infusionem — h. 
d'Aui».  see  Pimpinella  anisnra  —  /(.  Anthelmin- 
tiqnede  Chiihert,  Oleum  aniinale  empyreMm:iticum 
Chaberti  —  /;.  Aroinntiqne.  Oleum  animali/atum 
per  infusionem  —  h.  d'Anron^^,  'Artemisia  abrota- 
num  (oil  of)  —  A.  de  Cueno,  Butter  of  Cacao — h. 
de  C'ide,  see  Juniperus  oxycetlrus — h.  de  Cnrri, 
Carura  (oil) — h.  de  Cedmt,  Oleum  ■c<idrinum — h. 


de  jyetita  Cliienn,  Oleum  animalizatuin  per  infii- 
slot\em — //.  de  Come  dc  Cerf,  Oleum  aniunde  Dip- 
pelii  —  h.  d'Ji/turt/c,  Euphorbia  bithyris  —  h.  de 
Fiiie  de  Murue,  Oleum  jecoris  asclli  —  //.  de  Gubi. 
on,  Pctrolicum — li.  de  O'l'mjle,  see  Eugenia  caryo- 
phyllata — h.  de  Lanrier,  Unguentum  laurinuMi — 
h.  de  Lin,  see  Linum  usitatissinium  —  //.  de  Lis, 
see  Lilium  candidum — h.de  Jfarel/e,  see  Solanma 
— /;.  de  Morne,  Oleum  jecoris  aselli — li.  de  A'<;i>, 
see  Juglans  cinerea — h.  d'(Eil/ilte,  Papaver((iil) 
— /(.  de  Papier,  Pyrothonide — li.  dc  I'lcdt  dc  lUviif, 
Oleum  bul)ulum  —  h.  de  Ulcin,  see  Rii-inus  coni- 
niunis — //.  de  Snecin,  see  Succinuin — h.  de  Tartve 
par  de/ui/lanee,  Liquor  potassiB  subcarbonalis — 
h.  Verte,  Balsam,  green,  of  Metz  —  h.  de  Viit 
donee.  Oleum  vEthereum. 

IIUILES  AN IM ALES,  Olea  animnlia  — ». 
DixtiUeen,  Olea  volatilia  —  h.  Empi/reiimatiiiiien, 
Olea  empyreumatica  —  h.  EnxeiitiellcH,  Olea  vola- 
tilia-—  h.  Elhereex,  Olea  volatilia  —  h.  Fixe.it,  ou 
Granxex,  Olea  fixa — h.  Ent/iicen,  Olea  fugacia — h. 
Mediiinah'H,  Olea  medicinalia  —  h.  I'l/rmjhihH, 
Olea  empyreumatica — h.  Vvliiti/es,  Olea  volatilia. 
HUITDE  CIIIFFRE.  Figure  of  8.  A  ban- 
dage of  which  the  turns  are  crossed  in  the  forin 
of  the  figure  8.  Such  is  the  bandage  used  al'ler 
bleeding  from  the  arm. 

HUITO,  (Jenipa  oblongifolia. 
HUITRE.  Ostrea. 
HUKEBANE,  Ischion. 
HULCUS.  Ulcer. 
HULGIE-BACKED,  see  Hump. 
HULLUPING,  Vomiting. 
HU.M.  VENOUS,  limit  de  diable. 
HUM  RLE,  Rectus  inferior  oculi. 
HUMECTAN'TIA.    From  hnmevtnre,  'to  mois- 
ten '     A  name  formerly  given    to  drinks,  which 
ajipeared   to  possess  the  property  of  augmenting 
the  fluidifv  of  the  blood. 

HU'MERAL,  Hnmera'lln.  That  which  belongs 
to,  or  is  connected  with,  the  arm  or  humerus. 

Hii'mkral  Ak'teiiy,  Arte'ria  itnmera'lin,  SCO 
Brachial  artery. 

nUMERO'-CUUITAL,  Brachialis  anterior  — 
h.  SuH-nietacarpleu,  see  Radialis — h.  Siii-rodiid, 
Supinator  radii  longus. 

HU'MERUS,  Se.n'pnla,  Omot,  Armni,,  (F.) 
Epanle,  Shoulder,  (Prov.)  Spnud.  The  most  ele- 
vated part  of  the  arm.  The  bones,  which  con- 
cur in  forming  it,  arc —  the  scapula,  head  of  the 
humerus,  and  the  clavicle,  united  togctlier  hy 
strontr  ligamcuts,  and  covered  by  numerous  mus- 
cles. 

Hii'MEliUS,  Os  liu'meri  scu  hra'eliii  sen  niljii- 
tii'rium  seu  hrachiii'le,  lira'chlum,  Liieer'liiH, 
Shovlderbone,  (Prov.)  Spant-hone,  Spnw-hiiiie, 
SInd/hiine,  is  the  cylindrical,  irregular  bone  of 
the  arm  ;  the  upper  extremity  of  which  has  a 
hemispherical  head  connected  with  the  scapula ; 
an<i  two  tuheroHities  or  tnbereleD,  a  i/reiiter  and  a 
lexser,  for  the  attachment  of  muscles,  between 
which  is  the  Bieip'ltnl  groove  or  Fouhq.  At  the 
inferior  extremity  may  be  remarked  —  the  inner 
condijle,  the  outer  condyle  ;  the  eyuiill  head,  which 
is  articulated  with  the  radius;  the  trochlea  artica- 
lated  with  the  ulna,  <fec.  The  humerus  is  deve- 
loped by  seven  points  of  ossification:  —  one  for 
the  body  ;  one  for  the  head  ;  one  for  the  greater 
tuberosity  ;  one  for  the  trochlea;  one  for  the  epi- 
trochlea:  one  for  the  epicondyle;  and  another  for 
the  lesser  head. 

IIuMKfMis  ScMMi's,  Acromion. 
HUilEUn    AQUEUSE,  Aqueous  humour  — 
h.  Vri/HtidHne,   C!rystnlline  —  h.  H;pdo'ide.  Cor])U3 
vitreum — h.  de  Morc/nipii,  Morgagni,  humour  of. 
HUMEURS  FRO  IDES,  Scrofula. 
HUM  IDE  RADICALE.  Humidum  radicalc. 
IIUMIDUM  NATIVUM,  IL  radicale— h.  No- 


HUMILIS 


4G' 


HYALOID 


tivum  Articulorum,   Synovia — h.   Primigeniiiin, 
JI.  radicale. 

IIu'midum  Radica'lk,  Ifu'mulnm  primir/eii'i'itm 
seu  nati'vnm  sen  Sfiniivi'le,  Jlad'icnl  MoiHtiire, 
(F.)  Hitmitle  rntlicnle.  Names  formerly  given  to 
llie  liquid  which  was  conceived  to  give  flexihility 
and  |)r<)per  consistence  to  the  different  organic 
textures. 

IIuMini'M  Skminale,  ir.  raiiicale. 

HUM  I  MS,  Rectus  inferior  oculi. 

iniMLOIK.  Coniiim. 

HUMOR,  Humour — h.  Albugineous,  Aqueous 
hliuiour — h.  Articuliiris,  Synovia — h.  Ceriwnitious, 
Cerumen — h.  Doridis,  Water,  sea  —  h.  Genitalis, 
Sperm — h.  Glacialis,  Crystalline,  Corpus  vitreum 
—  h.  Jlyalinus  scu  Hj'aloides,  Corpus  vitreum  — 
h.  Lacteiis,  Milk — h.  Lacryinalis,  Tear — h.  Mo- 
lancholicus,  see  Mercurialis  —  h.  Mercuriali.-',  see 
Mereurialis — h.  Morgagnianus,  Morgagni,  humor 
of — h.  Ovatus,  Atjueous  humour — h.  Oviforuiis, 
Aqueous  humour — h.  Pericardii,  see  Pericardium 
— h.  Purulentus,  Pus  —  h.  Seminalis,  Sperm — h. 
Venereus,  Si)erm  —  h.  Vitrcus,  Corpus  vitreum. 

HU'MORAIi,  Humorx'li^,  from  Juimfre,  'to 
moisten.'  Proceeding  from,  or  connected  with, 
the  humours. 

HUMORES  INQUILINI,  Recrementitial  Se- 
cretions. 

HUMORTQUE,  see  Bruit  h,ir»nnq„e. 

HU'MORISM,  Hu'moraf  Pathol'ogy,  Pathn- 
ln(j"in  Intmera'liK.  A  medical  theory,  founded 
exclusively  on  the  parts  which  the  humours  were 
considered  to  play  in  the  production  of  disease. 
Although  traces  of  this  system  may  be  found  in 
the  most  remote  antitjuity,  the  creation,  or,  at  all 
events,  the  arrangement  of  it  may  be  attributed 
to  Galen,  who  enveloped  it  in  metaphysical  sub- 
tleties relating  to  the  union  between  the  elements 
and  the  four  cardinal  humours. 

HU'MORISTS.  The  Galenical  and  other  phy- 
sicians, who  attributed  all  diseases  to  the  de- 
jiraved  state  of  the  humours,  or  to  vicious  juices 
collected  in  the  body. 

HUMOUR,  Humor,  Hyrjrn'siiu  Hijgre'tlnn, 
Jfijiirum.  Every  fluid  substance  of  an  organized 
body;  —  as  the  blood,  chyle,  lymph,  Ac.  The 
Jfiiiiiourn,  ^vptot,  C/n/nii,  Hiimo'rcn,  differ  consi- 
derably as  to  number  and  quality  in  the  different 
(species  of  organized  beings ;  and  even  in  the 
same  species,  according  to  the  state  of  health  or 
disease.  The  ancients  reduced  them  to  /nur  ; 
which  they  called  cnr'iUn<tl  humours : — the  blood, 
phlegm,  yellow  bile,  and  atrabilis  or  bbu-k  bile. 
A  modern  classification  of  the  humours  is  given 
under  Fluid. 

HUMP.  Perhaps  from  timho,  'the  boss  of  a 
buckler.'  Nunrh,  Gibber,  GIbbus,  Gibba,  Tuber, 
(F.)  Btinne.  A  prominence,  formed  by  a  devia- 
tion of  the  bones  of  the  trunk.  Commonly,  it  is 
formed  by  the  spine  or  sternum,  and  is  seated  at 
tlie  posterior  or  anterior  part  of  the  trunk.  It 
may,  also,  be  produced  by  deviation  of  tlie  ribs 
or  jielvis.  The  spine  may  be  curved  in  three 
jirincipal  directions.  1.  Jinclcwurdu,  the  most 
coMinion  case:  this  the  ancients  called  Kv^uiirtf, 
Ciljihfi'Hin.  Gibbon' itnu.  2.  Forwards,  ^opSuiati,  Lor- 
rfo'iM,  liecurvn'tio  ;  and  ii.  Laterolli/,  aKoXiuati, 
&-i)liii'HiD,  Obntipn'tin.  Most  curvatures  occur  at 
II  very  early  age,  and  are  caused  by  scrofula, 
rickets,  Ac;  and,  not  unfrcquently,  they  are 
necompanied  by  caries  of  the  vertebrap.  See  Ver- 
tebral disease.  One  who  is  affected  with  a  hump, 
or  is  hum]>'bnekcd,  IIu>nf)ti/,  Huckshouldered, 
Shrump-Hhouldered.  (Sc.)  Ifulf/iehached,  Trud</e. 
hiirkfd.  (Prov.)  Croophacked,  is  called,  by  the 
Frcn']),  bnsHu. 

HUMPRACKED,  see  Hump. 
HI'MPTV.  see  Humn. 
HU.MULUS,  Humukis  lupulus. 


IIu'-MtTLrs  Lu'puLfS,  Lu'pulus,  L.  scnudens 
sen  coiiiuiu'uis  seu  salieln'rius,  Huniulus,  (from 
humus,  '  the  ground  on  which  it  creeps,')  Courol'- 
vu/iis  pereu'uis,  the  f/<ip-p/<iiif.  Ant.  Ord.  Ur- 
ticacea;.  (F.)  Houb/mi,  i'ii/ur  du  iionl.  Its  cones 
or  strobiles,  Hu'niuli  strob'ili  (Ph.  L.),  J/uiuulus 
(Ph.  U.  S.),  have  a  fragrant  odour  ;  and  a  bitter, 
aromatic  taste,  depending  on  a  j)eculiar  princijile, 
named  Lu'pidiu,  extractive  and  essential  oil, 
which  may  be  extracted,  equally,  iiy  water  and 
sjiirit,  from  the  dried  strobiles.  The  hop  is  em- 
ploj'ed  as  a  tonic  and  hypnotic,  and  enters  into 
the  com|)ositi(m  of  ale  and  beer. 

The  /flip  2>iiloui,  J'uiii'iiiir  Jlu'iiiu/i,  has  long 
been  used  for  producing  sleep. 

HUNCH,  Hump. 

HUNGARICA  FERRIS,  Fever,  Hungary. 

HUN(xER,  Anglo-Saxon,  hunsep.  Fames,  Li- 
luoH,  Pi.lue,  I'eiuii.  Esu'ries,  Jtju'uitim,  Jejit'uitfis, 
Esurit"io,  Esuri'(/o,  (F.)  Fiinu.  The  necessity 
for  taking  food.  Hunger  is  an  internal  sensation, 
wliich  some  authors  have  attrihuted  to  the  fric- 
ti(jn  l)etween  the  sides  of  the  stomach  in  its 
em[)ty  state:  others,  to  the  compression  of  tiie 
nerves,  when  the  organ  is  contracted  :  others,  to 
the  action  of  the  gastric  juice,  &e.  It  is  diclaled 
by  the  wants  ol'  the  system  :  —  farther  we  know 
not.     See  A|:)jietife. 

HUNGER-CURE,  Limotherapcia. 

HUNGRY,  Fume/'icns.  Li'mirus,  Limo'des  ,- 
(Prov.)  //(MP,  (vulg.)  Pcel.isli  ;  same  etymon. 
Airected  with  hunger. 

HURA  HRASIEIEN'SIS,  Ansaeou,  Assoeh, 
Ihsuea.  A  Rrazilian  tree,  of  the  Nut.  Ord.  Eu- 
phorbiaceio,  wi)ich,  in  form  of  the  extract  of  the 
l)ark,  is  esteemeil  a  specillc  in  lei>rosy.  It  is, 
also,  given  in  elephantiasis,  and  as  an  anthel- 
mintic. 

HURDIES.  N"ntes. 

HURTLEI5ERRY,  Vaccinium  mvrtillus. 

HYA-IIYA,  'l'abcrn;rniioirana  utilis. 

HYACIN  Til,  WILD,  SciUa  escolenta. 

HYACINTHUS  MUSCARl,  Rulbus  vomi- 
torius. 

HYyENAN'CHE  GLOBO'SA.  An  arborescent 
shrub  of  South  Africa,  Not.  Ord.  Euphorinace;e, 
the  fruit  of  wiiich.  pounded,  is  used  to  destroy 
hysenas  and  other  beasts  of  prey,  and  seems  to 
contain  strvchni.i. 

HYAUEUS.  Hyaline. 

H  Y  '  A  L  I  N  E,  Hyiili'nus,  Hynle'us,  Vit'reus, 
Vii'reiius,  (F.)  Vitreux,  vitre.  Glassy.  Resem- 
bling glass. 

HvM.iNR  SiTBSTANCK,  Cv tobla.<!tema. 

iIYAUrriS.  fn/lonnnii'tio  tu'uiccp.  hynln'ide  (b, 
Hi/iiliiidi'tis,  Vit'reo-fdpsuH'tis,  from  hyaloid, 
and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Intlammation 
of  the  hyaloiil  membrane  of  tlie  eye. 

HY'ALOfD.//y'r/o'(/f/).  Hyahn'des,  from  'va\oi, 
'  glass,'  and  nAoj,  '  resemblance.'  Vitriform  ;  re- 
semliling  glass. 

HvALoin  Canal,  see  Hyaloid  membrane. 

IlVAI>Oir)  Fossa,  Fossa  Hyaliiide'a,  is  a  cup- 
like excavation  in  the  vitreous  humour,  in  which 
the  crystalline  is  imbedded. 

Hy'ai.oii)  Mkmbhank,  Tu'iiica  Hynldlde'a  seu 
Vil'rea.Meiidira'ua  Araehuo'ide'a,\s  the  extremely 
delicate  membrane,  which  forms  the  exterior  co- 
vering of  the  vitreous  humour,  and  transmits 
within  it  prolongations,  which  divide  it  into  cells. 
FiUopiiis  discovered  this  membrane,  and  gave  it 
the  name  llyaloid.  On  a  level  with  the  entrance 
of  the  optic  nerve  into  the  eye,  the  hyaloid 
membrane  has  been  described  as  forming,  by  re- 
flection, a  cylindrical  canal,  which  pierces  the 
vitreous  humour  from  bchitid  to  before,  as  far  as 
the  pf>sterior  part  of  the  crystalline.  Sec  Canal, 
hyaloid.     ,\t  its  anterior  part  is  a  depression  — 


IIYALOIDITIS 


40  8 


HYDRARGYRI 


Fonsn  prtfeUn'ri's  sou  Iciiticiihi'n's  for  the  reception 
of  tiie  crvstulline  lens. 

HYALOIDITIS,  llyalitis. 
HYALONIXIS,  see  Cataract. 
IIYALOXYXIS,  see  Cataract. 
IIYALOS.  Yitrum. 
HYANCIIE,  Cynanobe  tonsillaris. 
IIYBO.MA,  (iibbositas. 

liYEllID,  Hi'hrida,   Hn'hridn,  (F.)    Hi/hride, 
from  the  Greek  'vlipig.  'vl3piSos,  'mongrel  or  mun- 
grel.'     (F.)  Jtetls,  J/iilet.     A  beinj?  born  of  two 
different  species, — as  the  uiule.     The  term  is  ap- 
plied to  plants  as  well  as  to  animals.     The  result 
is  termed  Hijbriditt/.     Hybrid  is  often,  also,  used 
to   designate  words   wliich   are  formed  from  two 
different  hinguages — as  uter-///s,  for  inflammation 
of  the  \iterus,  in  place  of  metritis. 
HYBRIDITY,  see  Hybrid. 
HYDAilTHROSIS,  llydrarthrus. 
HYDAllTlIRUri,  Hydrarthrus. 
IIYDAS,  Hydor. 

HYDAT'ID,  Hy'dntis,  BnJln,  Aqu'nla,  Hy- 
(Jro'd,  Hydi-nrijs'tis,  Hi/f/rwyx'tis,  Tcein'a  liydn- 
iig"cnn,  Echitiococ'cus  htima'nus,  from  'ui5oi)/j, 
'vbarog,  'water.'  This  name  was  long  given  to 
every  encysted  tumour  which  contained  an  aqueous 
and  transparent  fluid.  JNIany  pathologists  sub- 
sequently applied  it  to  vesicles,  softer  than  the 
tissue  of  membranes,  more  or  less  transparent, 
which  are  developed  within  organs,  but  without 
jidhering  to  their  tissues.  It  is  by  no  means  clear 
that  these  formations  are  really  entozoa.  They 
have  been  found  in  various  parts  of  the  body  ; 
sometimes  in  the  uterus,  occasioning  signs  nearly 
similar  to  those  of  pregnancy,  but  being  sooner 
or  later  expelled.  The  expulsion  is  generally 
attended  with  more  or  less  hemorrhage.  See 
Acephalocystis. 

Hydatis,  Aqu'nln,  PJdi/clcR'iiidri,   Vcrrn'ca  Pal- 
pehra'rnm,  i'lil'inm,  also,  meant  a  small,  transpa- 
rent tumour  of  the  eyelids. — Galen,  C.  Hoffmann. 
HYDATIDES    CERYICIS    UTERI,  Nabothi 
glandidce. 

IIYDATIDOCE'LB,  Hydatoce'le,  from  'viaTiq, 
'hydatid,'  and  k^Xtj,  'a  tumour.'  Oscheocele 
containing  hydatids;  the  Oscheocc'le  Injdutido'sa, 
Mydafidoscheoc.e'/e  of  Sauvages. 
HYDATIDOIDES,  Hydatoid. 
HYDATIDO'MA,  from  'v&art;,  'hydatid.'  A 
tumour  caused  by  hydatids. 

IIYDATIDOSCHEOCELE,  Hydatidocele. 
HYDAT'IFOR.M,    Hijdntiform'iH.      A    hybrid 
•word  from  hydatid  and  fur  ma,  'form.'     Resem- 
Lling  an  hvdatid. 

HYDATINUS,  Hydatoid. 
UYDATIS  FINNA,  Cysticercus  cellulose. 
HY'DATIS'-MUS,  from  'uiup,  'v&aroi,  'water.' 
The  noise  caused  by  the  fluctuation  of  pus  con- 
tained in  an  abscess. — Aurelian,  Foesius. 
HYDATOCELE,  Hydatidocele,  Hydrocele. 
HYDATOCH'OLOS,from'u^wp,'u6uro?,' water,' 
and   X"^'''   'bile.'     Aqno'ao-bil'ious.     An  epithet 
given    to    evacuated    matters  when    mixed  with 
■water  and  bile. — Hippocrates,  Foesius. 
HYDATODES,  Aqueous. 

IIY'DATOID,    HydiitoVdes,    A'qnernm,    Aquo' - 
sua,  Hydato'dcH,   Hydnt'inus,    Hydatidu'des,    Hy- 
datido'i'des,  from  'vSiap,  'v^arof,  '  water,'  and  eo-'os, 
'resemblance.'  Watery.  Resembling  water.   This 
name  has  been  given  to  the  membrane    of  the 
aqueous  humour;  and,  also,  to  the  aqueous  humour 
itself.     Viniiw  hi/dnto'des ;  wine  and  water. 
HY'DATONCilS,  Anasarca,  CEdema. 
HYDATOPO'SIA,  from  'viuio,  'vbaros,  'water,' 
and  TToo-i?,  'drinking.'     Water-drinking; — hence 
HYDATOP'OTES.     A  water-drinker. 
nYDATOTHERAPEIA,Hydrosudotherapeia. 
HYDERICUS,  Hydropic. 


HYnERODEf,  Hydropic. 

HYDERONCUS,  Anasarca.  (Edema. 

HYDEROS,  Anasarca,  Hydrops. 

HY'DOR,  J/y'diitds,  'vfiwp,  'u<5uT0{,  and  Ilydaa, 
Jiydaioa,  'u^iij,  'vbaros,  'water.'     Heucc : 

HYDRACHNIS,  see  Yaricclla. 

HYDRADEN,  Conglobate  gland. 

HYHRADENI'TJS,//! //'<""""'''■"  .'/'"'"''"'"'non 
lyniplmticu'ritm,  from  ll^drndcn,  'a  lymphiitie 
gland,'  and  itin,  denoting  inilamination.  Infiani- 
mntion  of  a  lymphatic  gland. 

HYDRjE'UUS,  from  'u^up,  'water,'  and  aiioia, 
'genital  organs.'     OKdema  of  the  female  organ.'-. 

HYDRiEMIA,  Hydroajmia. 

HYDRAGOGA,  Hydragogues. 

HY'DRAGOGIA,  Hydragogues. 

HYDRAGOGICA,  Hydragogues. 

IIY'DRAGOGUES,  Ilydmyo'ija,  Hydycjn'ijlc, 
HydnKjii'ijicit,  Hydi-dp' ica,  Uydrot' icn,  Aqiiiiiii'- 
cn,  from  'u(5wp.  'water,'  and  uyw,  'I  expel.'  Me- 
dicines believed  to  be  capable  of  expelling  serum 
effused  into  any  part  of  the  body.  These  are 
generally  cathartics  or  diuretics. 

HYDRAGOGUM  BOYLEI,  Argenti  nitras. 

HYDRALLANTE,  False  Waters. 

HY'DRAL'LAS,  from  'vSwp,  'water,'  and  aAAas, 
'a  sausage,' — see  AUantois.  A  morbid  increase 
in  tlie  quantity  of  the  fluid  of  the  allantois. 

HYDRALM.^.  Waters,  mineral  (saline). 

HYDRAM'NIOS,  from  '.kWp,  'water,'  nn.l 
'amuius.'  An  excessive  quantity  of  the  liciuiii' 
amnii. 

HYDRAN'GEA  AREORES'CENS, //.  vidqn'- 
ris,  Set'eiilnnk,  Wild  llydian'tjen,  Jlixniim.  Ord. 
Ilydrangcie.  An  indigenous  plant,  which  flowers 
in  July.  The  leaves  are  said  to  be  tonic,  siahi- 
gogue,  cathartic,  diuretic,  and  antilithic.  [?] 

HYDRANGEITIS,  Angeioleucitis. 

HY'DRANGIA,  Lymphatic  vessels. 

HYDRANGIOGRAPHIA,      Angeiohydrogra- 

HYDRANGTOTOMIA.  Angeiohydrotomy. 

HYDRARGYRANATRIP'SIS,  Hydmn/yren- 
trip'si><,  from  'v^fxipyvpoi,  '  quicksilver,' ami  ava- 
Tpi-lii,  'rubi/uig  in.'  The  rubbing  in  of  a  prepa- 
ration of  quicksilver: — Hijdmri/yi-dtrip'ii'!. 

HYDRARGYRENTRIPSIS,  Hydrargyrana- 
tripsis. 

HYDRARGYRI  ACBTAS,  Ilydrargyrus  ace- 
tatus — h.  liiehloridum,  H.  oxymurias — h.  Bicya- 
nidum,  H.  cyanuretum — h.  Biniodidum,  H.  indi- 
dura  rubrum — h.  Binoxydum,  H.  oxydum  rubrum 
— h.  Bisulphuretuni,  H.  sulphf.retum  rul)rum— h. 
Borussias,  H.  cyanuretum — h.  Broniidum,  see 
Bromine  ^ — h.  Calx  alba.  Hydrargyrum  pnccipi- 
tatum  —  h.  Chloridum,  II.  submurias  —  h.  Chlnri- 
dum  corrosivum,  11.  Oxymurias  —  h.  Chloridum 
mite,  H.  submurias. 

HYnRAR'yvm  Cyanure'tum,  H.  Cyan'idum  seu 
Bornn'sias  seu  Bicynit'idiim,  Hydmi'(jynim  Cy"- 
iwgenn'tum  seu  IJydrocyan' iciun  seu  JloniK  ificiiiii 
seu  Zoot'icKW,  I'riissias  Ilydi-ar'yyii,  Cyiin'mel 
or  PniKxiate  <>f  Mercury,  (P.^^  Cymnire  de  Jlei- 
ciire.  (Ferri  Ferro-cyaiinret.  ^iv  ;  Uydrary.  ou:id. 
riibr.  ,^iij;  vel  q.  s. ;  Aqua  dcxtHlat.  Oiij.  Put 
the  ferro-oyanuret  and  three  ounces  of  the  oxide 
of  mercury,  previously  powdered  and  thoroughly 
mixed  together,  into  a  glass  vessel,  and  jiour  on 
two  pints  of  the  distilled  water.  Boil  the  mix- 
ture, stirring  constantly ;  and  if,  at  the  end  of 
I  half  an  hour,  the  blue  colour  remains,  add  small 
portions  of  the  oxide  of  mercury,  continuing  the 
ebullition  until  the  mixture  becomes  of  a  yellow- 
ish colour;  then  filter  through  paper.  Wash  the 
residue  in  a  pint  of  the  distilled  water,  and  fdter. 
Mix  the  solution  and  evaporate  till  a  pellicle  ap- 
pears, and  set  the  liquor  aside,  that  crystats  may 
form.     To  purify  the   crystals,  sulgect  it  to  re- 


IIYDRARGYUI 


4  00 


nVDRARGYKI 


(lolution,  ovnporation,  and  crj-i.tiilli/,rit,ion.  —  Ph. 
U.  S.)  This  proiiaration  lias  been  strongly  re- 
commcndeil  as  a  [xnvcrfnl  antisvfihilitic,  ami  is 
ailinill'!(l  into  tho  Parisian  fodex.  Twelve  to 
twenty-four  grains  may  be  dissolved  in  a  quart 
(if  distilled  water,  and  three  or  four  spoonfuls  of 
the  solution  he  taken  daily  in  a  glass  of  any  up- 
jiropriiite  liiinid. 

IIvDiiAUGVia  Dkitto-iodidum,  II.  lodidum  ru- 
hruin — h.  Deuto-ioduretutn,  see  Iodine — h.  Deu- 
tonitras,  see  II.  nitras  —  h.  Dipernitras,  see  H. 
nitras  —  h.  lIypero.\odes,  Hydrargyri  nitrico- 
oxydum. 

ilVDItAlTGVRI  lon'iDl.'Jf,  //.  Prnfoiod'khim  seu 
Priilo-iodiire'tiim  seu  Sahiod'idum,  Ihjdntr'iiy- 
rnm  lodii'tum  Jltivnm  seu  lodiilulu'tnm,  Lid'lduiii 
seu  lodiirc'tinn  hi/drnri/i/ro'mnii,  f'roto'indnfe'tum 
vierrii'ril,  I'odldr  or  P'r„t!'od!de  of  Mercury,  (F.) 
Hi  iitdiiidiirc  ou  Pnilii'nlnre  de  Me.rcnre,  {Hijdrarf/. 
5),  todiii,  ^v,  Alcohol  (].  s.  Rub  the  mercury 
and  iodine  together,  adding  sufficient  alcohol  to 
form  a  soft  paste,  and  continue  the  trituration  till 
the  globules  disappear.  Dry  the  iodide  in  the 
dark,  with  a  gentle  heat,  and  keep  it  in  a  well- 
Btopped  bottle,  the  light  e.Ycluded.  —  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  one  grain,  gradually  raised  to  three  or 
four. 

IIvDUAnavni  Iodidum  CnLOUini,  Mercury, 
iodide  of  chloride  of. 

IIVDRAUGVUI  loDrnt'M  RuBRtiM,  //.  Biniod'- 
idiim  seu  Deiito-iod'ldiim  seu  Dcnto-iodiire'tiim 
8eu  Period' ididii,  Hydrnrf/'i/ritm  iodn'tiinl  riibrutn 
seu  liiiodn'tiim  seu  Periodii'tinn,  lode'titm  seu 
lod'Idiiiii  Ifijdrtu-ipjr'icnm,  Dento-iodure'tiitii  mer- 
cii'n'i,  Red  I'odide,  TUni'odide,  Deiiti'odide  and 
Peri'odlde  of  Mercury,  (F.)  DeittiiidHre  ou  Bi- 
xodnre  ou  Perinihtre  de  Jfercure.  ( ITydrorg. 
orrtm.  chhirid.  ^j.  Putnssii  lodid.  '^K,  Aqiice 
denlithtt.  Oij.  Dissolve  the  chloride  in  a  pint  and 
11  hiilf,  and  the  iodide  of  potassium  in  half  a  pint 
of  distilled  water,  and  nii.x  the  solutions.  Col- 
lect the  precipitate  on  a  filter,  and,  having  washed 
it  with  distilled  water,  dry  it  with  a  moderate 
heat,  and  keep  it  in  a  well-stopped  bottle.  - —  Ph. 
U.  S.)  Dose,  one-sixteenth  to  one-fourth  of  a 
grain. 

llvDiiAitGyi?!  MnniAS  basi  Oxvnr  imperfkcti, 
II.  oxyniurias — h.  Murias  corrosivuni,  H.  oxymu- 
rins  —  h.  Marias  diilcis  sublimatus,  II.  submurias 
— h.  OxygcMiatus.  11.  Oxyniurias — h.  Marias  spi- 
rituosus  lidjuidns,  Liquor  hydrargyri  oxyinuriatis 
— li.  Murias  suboxygcnatiis  pr;ccipitatione  para- 
tus.  Hydrargyrum  precipitafnin. 

IIvDHAltGYHI  NiTIiAS.  Nitnin  Hydmr'gyri  in 
erynlnlt'oH coiicrc'tiiH.  flydrnrjjyrtim  iiit'riciiiii,3fer- 
ciirinn  »ifrii'HiiK  fri'iiorepnra'tHH,  NitrnH  hydrnrijy- 
iii'min,  Az'ntiin  hydrrnr/yro'siiK,  Nitrate  of  3ler- 
ciiry,  (F.)  Azotnte  de  tnerciire,  Protniizotrite  de  iiier- 
'■)ire.  Nitrate  merciireiix.  It  is  employed  in  syphi- 
lis; and,  externally,  in  fungous,  obstinate  ulcers. 

It  is  used  in  the  formation  of  the  Soluble  Mer- 
cury of  Hahnemann. 

An  acid  tiitmle  of  mercury,  Hydmr'gyri  dentn- 
ttitrrm  seu  dipcrnitran  sen  siipeniitrns.  Merrii'riiiK 
iiitrii'miH  cnl'ide  piu-a'tiiD,  Nitras  hydr'irgyr'iciis, 
Az'otiiH  hydrargi/r' icim  litj'i(idiis,  Liipinr  Hydrar'- 
giiriii>i)>eriiilra'li/i,Hyilrargyri periiilra'tis  Liquor, 
(Ph.  D.)  Solution  of  siiperiiitrnte  of  nierciiry,  So- 
I'dion  o/mipeniitrnle  ofdoitoxide  of  mercury,  (F.) 
J)eiitoiizotale  ncide  lii/uide  de  mercure.  Nitrate 
rii-iilp  (le  mercure.  made  by  dissolving  four  parts 
of  mercury  in  ci:xht  of  uilric  acid,  and  evaporating 
the  solution  to  nine  parts,  has  been  used  as  a 
caustic  in  malignant  ulcerations  and  cancerous 
a(Te-tions. 

ir<i)v/'«  White  Drops, — a  once  celebrated  anti- 
scorbutic nostrum, — wore  prepared  by  dissolving 
mercury  in  nitric  acid,  and  adding  a  solution  of 
earbonate  tf  ammonia;  or,  frequently,  they  con- 


sisted of  a  solution  ot  sublimate  with  carbonate  of 
ammonia. 

IIydrargyui  Xit'rico-ox'vdiiM,  Hydmr'gyri 
oxydum  ruhnun  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Hydranjyrus  nitrti'- 
tns  ruber,  Jl/ercu'rins  currosi'viis  ruber  seu  prceci- 
pita'tus  corrosi' vns  seu  jircecipita'tns  ruber  seu 
coralli'nns,  Arca'uuiii  coralli'uum,  Pul'vis  pjrin'- 
cipis,  Pra:cipit(('tus  ruber,  Oi'ydum  hydrar'gyri 
comple'tum  seu  hydrargyr' icnm,  Panace'a  mercn' - 
rii  rubra,  Pnlvis  Joau'uis  de  Vigo,  Oxo'des  hy- 
drargyri rubrum,  Hyperojco'des  hydrargyri,  O.r'y- 
dum  hydrar'gyri  nit'ricum  sen  hydrargyri  rubruiii 
per  ac" id um  nit'ricum,  Nitric  o.eide  of  mercury. 
Red  precip'itate,  (F.)  Oxide  nitrique  de  mercure, 
Precipite  rouge  ou  per  se,  Mercure  c.oralliu,  Nitrntn 
de  mercure  rouge.  (Hydrurg.  ^^x.xxvj;  Acid, 
nitric.  f,^xviij;  AquoB  Oij.  Dissolve  the  mer- 
cury with  a  gentle  heat,  in  the  acid  and  water 
previously  mixed,  and  evaporate  to  dryness.  Hub 
into  powder,  and  heat  in  a  very  shallow  vessel 
till  red  vapours  cease  to  rise. — Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is 
a  stimulant  and  escharotie,  and  used  as  such  in 
foul  ulcers,  being  sprinkled  on  the  part  in  fine 
powder,  or  united  with  lard  into  an  ointment. 

Hydrargyri  Oxodes  R(jbru.m,  Hydrargyri 
nitrico-oxydum — h.  Oxydi  murias  ainiiioniacalis, 
Hydrargyrum  prjecipitatum  —  h.  Oxydulum  ni- 
grum, II.  Oxydum  cinereum. 

IIyduargyiu  Oxydum  Cine'reum,  ^Jthiopi 
per  se,  Mcrcn'riua  niger  Mosca'ti  sen  prcecipitii'- 
tua  niger,  Oxydum  hydrar'gyri  ]iigrum  seu  hy- 
drargyro'sum  seu  hydrargyr' icnm  praci pita' turn, 
Oxyd'ulum  hyilrar'gyri  iiigniii>,Pulrlsmercuri(i'liH 
cine'reus,  Mercurius  cine' reus,  Turpe'lhum  nigrum. 
Gray  or  Black  oxide  of  Mercury.  (F.)  Oxide  de 
mercure  cendre,  Oxide  gris  ou  noir  de  mercure. 
Protoxide  de  mercure.  This  oxide  is  made  iu 
various  waj-s.  It  may  be  formed  by  boiling  sub- 
muriate  of  mercury  in  lime  water.  The  dose  of 
this  Pulvis  Hydrargyri  cincreus  is  from  two  to 
ten  grains.  There  are  four  other  preparations  of 
it  in  estimation,  viz  : — Plenck's  sidiition,  made  by 
rubbing  mercury  with  mucilage.  2.  By  rubbing 
equal  parts  of  sugar  and  mercury  together.  3. 
A  ciuiipound  of  honey  or  liquorice  and  ])urified 
mercury.  4.  The  blue  pill,  and  ointment.  All 
these  possess  the  usual  properties  of  mercurj'- 

The  Hydrargyri  Oxidum  Nigrum  of  the  Ph.  U. 
S.  is  made  as  follows:  —  Hydrarg.  Chlorid.  mit., 
PotasucF,  aa  ^^iv.  Aqua  Oj.  Dissolve  the  potassa 
in  the  water,  allow  the  dregs  to  subside,  and  jionr 
off  the  clear  solution.  To  this  add  the  chloride, 
and  stir  constantly  till  the  black  oxide  is  formed. 
Pour  off  the  supernatant  liquor,  wash  the  black 
oxide  with  distilled  water,  and  dry  with  a  gentle 
heat.     Dose,  one  or  two  grains. 

The  3fercurius  s(du'biHs  of  Hahnemann  is 
formed  from  a  black  oxide  of  mercury.  It  is  tho 
.]fercuriu8  soln'bilis  Hahneman'ni,  Oxydum  hy- 
drarqijri  nigri  medinn'te  ammo'nid  ex  profoni- 
tra'te  hydrar'gyri  prcpei/iit'i'tuin,  Az'otas  hydrar- 
gyro'so-nmmo' nicns,  (F.)  Azutate  de  mercure  et 
d'aiumoniaque,  Oxyde  gris  on  noir  de  Mercure, 
Precipite  noir,  Turbith  noir.  which  has  been  es- 
teemed, in  Germany  and  France,  as  an  antisyphi- 
litic.  Dose  gr.  I-5th  to  gr.  i.  It  is  used  in  the 
same  cases  as  the  Hydrargyri  oxydum  cinereum. 

HYDRARGYni  Oxydum  Nigrum,  II.  oxyduin 
cinereum  —  h.  Oxydum  nigrum  mediante  ammo- 
nia et  protonitrate  hydrargyri  prfecipitatum,  see 
H.  oxydum  cinereum — h.  Oxydum  nitricum,  Hy- 
drargyri nitrico-oxydum. 

Hydrargyri  Oxydum  Rubrum,  //.  Binox'y- 
dum,  Mercurius  calcina'tus,  Hydrar'gyrus  calci- 
natus,  (F.)  Oxide  de  Mercure  rouge,  lied  oxide 
of  mer'cury.  (INfade  by  precipitation  from  a  so- 
lution of  bi:h!oride  of  mercury  by  solution  of 
potassa.)     Pee  Hydrnrgyri  nitrico-oxyiUun. 

It  is  stimulant  and  escharotie ;  and,  in  largo 


IIYI)RARGyRl 


470 


HYDRARGYRUM 


doses,  cmotio.  Owin;^  to  the  violence  of  its  ope- 
ration, it  is  seldom  given  iiiteriially. 

llYnilAItGYRl    OXYDUM    RuBKlIM    PeR   AciDUM 

NiTHicUM,  llydrfirgyri  iiitrieo-oxyduiu — h.  Oxy- 
duiu  saceharatum,  llj'drargynun  saeeliaratum  — 
h.  Oxyduin  sulphurieiun,  Hydrargyrus  vitrioiatus. 

IIYDIIAIIGYRI  OxY.MU'RIAS,   H.  C'hio' ridllill   Cor- 

rosi'viiiii  (Ph.  U.  S.),  seu  liichlo'iidiini  seu  Fer- 
inii'rias,  Hi/drar(/ynis  mnria'tnn,  jffu'n'ns  hydrar- 
gyri  corniii' viti  seu  oxi/j/enii'tns  seu  hydrarijyri 
b'f<!  o.vydi  impeifer'tl  seu  hydra rf/yri  corrosivuiii, 
Siihlimix'tnn  corrom'vus,  Sublimit'lKin  corrnniinitii, 
Jllerciirins  corroxivus  seu  corrosivui  siibliiiia'titH, 
Siipermn' rlttH  hydrargyri,  (F.)  Deutochlontre  ou 
Jiichloride  de  ntercin-e,  Jfiniate  oxygene  de  mer- 
cure,  Sublime  currosif;  Bichlo' ride  or  Oxymurinte 
or  Carrofine  murinte  of  mercury,  Corronive  subli- 
mate. {Hydrnrg.  tbij,  Acid.  Sulphur.  Ibiij, 
Sodii  Chlurid.  Ibiss.  Boil  the  mercury  with  the 
sulphuric  acid  until  the  sulphate  of  mercury  is 
left  dry.  Rub  this,  when  cold,  with  the  chloride 
of  sodium,  in  an  earthenware  mortar;  then  sub- 
lime with  a  gradually  increasing  heat. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
It  is  used  as  an  antisyphilitic  eutrophic  in  vene- 
real complaints,  old  cutaneous  affections,  Ac. 
Gr.  iij  to  Oj  of  water  is  a  good  gargle  in  venereal 
sore-throats,  or  an  injection  in  gonorrhoea.  Ex- 
ternally, it  is  applied  in  cases  of  tetter,  and  to 
destroy  fungus,  or  stimulate  old  ulcers.  Dose, 
gr.  1-16  to  gr.  1-8,  in  pill,  once  in  twenty-four 
Lours.  White  of  egg  is  the  best  antidote  to  it, 
when  taken  in  an  overdose. 

The  Yellow  Wash,  Aqua  phngedce' nica,  Lo'tio 
Jlydrar'gyri Jlavit,  Ph/igedeii'ic  Wash,  is  made  by 
adding  corrtmire  siihlinidte  to  lime-water,  usually 
in  the  proportion  of  fifteen  grains  to  half  a  pint. 
It  is  a  common  application  to  syphilitic  sores. 

HYnuAitGYRi  PEiuoninuM,  II.  lodidum  rubrum 
— h.  Permurias,  Ilydrargyri  oxymurias — h.  Pro- 
to-iodidum,  H.  lodidum — h.  Proto-ioduretuin,  II. 
lodidum — h.  Proto-tartras,  II.  tartras  —  h.  Prus- 
sias,  II.  cyanuretum — h.  Saccharum  vermifiigum, 
Hydrargyrum  saceharatum — hT  Subchloridum, 
H.  Submurias — h.  Subiodidum,  H.  lodidum. 

Hydrargyri  Submu'rias,  H.  Chhir'idnm  seu 
Subchlor' idum  seu  Ofilor'idtim  mite  (Ph.  U.  S.). 
Calom'elas,  Cahnnel'anos  Torquc'ti,  Citlom'eli, 
Hydrnr'gyrum  mitrint'iciim  mile,  Draco  mitiga'tus, 
Submu'rias  liydrargyri  niiiis,  Shbmu'rias  Hydrar- 
fjyri  aublima'tum,  Jfercu' rius  dulcin  seu  dulcin  mi- 
blima'tu8 ;  —  vihtin  precipitated,  31.  didcis  preci- 
pita'tus,  j\[.  Hublima'tux  dulcin,  J/.  Zo'ticiis  Jlart- 
maii'iii, — Pauace'a  3lercuriu'lis  (when  nine  times 
sublimed),  Marian  liydrargyri  dulcis  subli- 
ma'tus,  Aq'uila,  3Ianiia  Metallo'rum,  Pauchy- 
mago'gum  nriiiera'le,  P.  Querceta'nus,  mild  Ohio- 
ride,  protochloride,  anbmuriate,  nubchloride,  or 
mild  Muriate  of  Mercury,  Cal'omel,  (F.)  Mercure 
doux,  Prolochlorure  de  mercure.  Mild  chloride 
of  mercury  is  thus  directed  to  be  prepared  in  the 
Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States:  —  Mercury, 
Ibiv;  Sulphuric  Acid,  Ibiij;  Chloride  of  Sodium, 
ibiss;  Dill illed  water,  a,  sufficient qu:intity.  Boil 
two  pounds  of  the  mercury  with  the  sulphuric 
ucid,  until  the  sulphate  of  mercury  is  left  dry. 
Rub  this,  when  cold,  with  the  remainder  of  the 
mercury,  in  an  earthenware  mortar,  until  they 
are  thoroughly  mixed.  Tlien  add  the  chloride 
of  sodium,  and  rub  it  with  the  other  ingredients 
till  all  the  globules  disappear:  afterwards  su- 
blime. Reduce  the  sublimed  matter  to  a  very 
fine  powder,  and  wash  it  frequently  with  boiling 
distilled  water,  till  the  washings  afford  no  precipi- 
tate upon  the  addition  of  Hiiuid  ammonia;  then 
dry  it.  Properties.  Antisyphilitic  and  siala- 
gogue  :  in  large  doses,  jiurgative.  Dose:  one  or 
two  grains  given  at  night  gradually  excite  ptya- 
lisin.  Gr.  V  to  xx,  purge.  Children  bear  larger 
doses  than  adults. 


The  Black  Wash,  Lo'tio  Hydrnr'gyri  m'grrt, 
is  formed  of  calomel,  ^i'j  >  Liiue-watvr,  Oj.  l)^c(i 
for  syphilitic  sores. 

IlYnRARGYRi  Submurias  Ammoxiaum,  Hy- 
drargyrum priucipitatum  —  h.  Subsulpluis  lluvus, 
Hydrargyrus  vitriidatus  —  h.  Subsulplias  ptrn.xi- 
dati,  Hydragyrus  vitrioiatus  —  h.  yuljihas,  lly. 
drargyrus  vitrioiatus,  Hydrargyri  sulphas  flaviis. 

Hydrargyri  Si'limidre'tum  Nigrum,  II.  sul. 

phure'tum  cum  eul'jihure,  Jfylrargijrus  sen  Mrr- 
curius  cum  sul' plnue,  H.  e  siil'jihure,  .tKlhiups 
luiuera'lis,  Ptilnis  hypuot'icus,  yi^lhiops  umcui'- 
icus,  Calom'elas,  (F.)  Sulfure  de  mercure  uuir. 
Black  sulphurel  of  mercury,  Sulphuret  of  merciuij 
with  suljihur,  Ethiops  mineral,  {l/ydian/.,  Sul- 
phur,  aa  Ibj.  Rub  together  till  tlie  gloluijrs  dis- 
appear. Ph.  U.  S.).  Used  chiefly  in  .•^ciiiCiduiia 
and  cutaneous  affections.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  ^ss. 

Hydrargyri  Suli-hure'tum  Rubiium,  il.  Bi- 
sulphure'tum,  Hydrargyrus  sulphura'lus  ruber, 
Mlii'ium  piirum  seu  Graco'rum,  Mugues  i pitr/,'. 
sice,  Auimiou,  I'urpuris'sum,  J/ercurius  Ciiiiiit- 
bari'uus,  Cinuab'aris,  Ciuab'aris,  Ciuubu'rium, 
Bisulphuret  or  Ited  Sulphuret  of  Mercury,  Viu'. 
vabar,  Ciu'oper,  Vermil'ion,  (F.)  Sulfure  de 
Mercure  rouge,  Ciuabre,  Ciinutbre.  [l/ydrun/. 
3x1;  Sulphur,  ^vWy  Mix  the  mercury  with  tlio 
sulphur  melted  over  the  fire;  and  as  soon  sis  the 
mass  begins  to  swell  remove  the  vessel  friiiu  the 
fire,  and  cover  it  with  considerable  force  to  pre- 
vent combustion.  Rub  the  mass  into  powder  and 
sublime.     (Ph.  U.  S.) 

It  is  an  antisyphilitic,  but  is  chiefly  used  in 
fumigation  against  venereal  ulcers  of  the  nose, 
mouth,  and  throat; — ,^ss  being  thrown  on  a  red- 
hot  iron.  This  preparation  is  the  basis  of  a  nos- 
trum, called  Boerhanve's  lied  Pill, 

Hydrargyri  Supermurias,  H.  oxymurias— h. 
Supernitras,  see  Hydrargyri  nitras. 

Hydrargyri  Tartras,  H.  Proto-tartras,  Tar- 
trate (f  Mercury.  Antisyphilitic.  Dose,  one  or 
two  grains  twice  a  day. 

Hydrargyri  et  Arsenici  Iodidum,  Arsenic 
and  Mercury,  iodide  of. 

Hydrar'gyri  et  Qui'nijE  Proto-chlo'ridum, 
Protochloride  of  Mercury  and  Qiiinia.  A  Com- 
bination of  mild  chloride  of  mercury  and  quinia, 
administered  in  obstinate  cutaneous  diseases. 

HYDRARGYRIA,  Eczema  mercuriale. 

HYDRARGYRl'ASIS,  Hydrargyri,' sis,  from 
'u(5papyt)pof,  'mercury.'  A  disease  induced  by  the 
use  of  mercury;  Morbits  Mercuria'lis,{V.)  Mula- 
die  Mercurielle.  Poisoning  by  mercury.  Eczema 
mercuriale.  Also,  the  phenomena  produced  by 
mercury  on  the  organism,  Mereu'riulism,  3kr- 
curialism'us. 

HYDRARGYRICUM,  Mercurial. 

HYDRARGYRIUM,  Mercurial. 

HY'DRARGYROSIS,  Eczema  mercuriale,  Ily- 
drargyriasis. 

HYDRARGYRO-STOMATITIS,  see  Saliva- 
tion, mercurial,  and  Stomatitis,  mercurial. 

H  Y  D  R  A  R  G  Y  R  0  T  R  I P  S I S,  Ilydrargyra- 
natripsis. 

HYDRAR'GYRUM,  Hydrar' gyrus,  from  'viuf, 
'water,'  and  apyvpof,  'silver;'  Mercu'rius,  Aryeu- 
tum  vivitm  seu  irio'bile  seu  fusum  seu  fugili'vum 
seu  liq'nidum,  3Iissadau,  Fumus  albus,  Lorus, 
Area  arcauo'rum,  Dce'dalus,  3Ialer  metallo'riiiii, 
3fercury,  Qnick'siher,  formerly  Argeut-virc,  (F.) 
3fercur'e,  M.  cm,  Vif  Argent.  A  fluid,  brilliant 
metal;  of  a  slightly  bluish  while  colour;  fluid 
above  —  ;^9°  of  Fahr.  and  under  056°.  S.  g-, 
when  liquid,  13.568  (Cavendish);  easily  oxydized. 
Metallic  quicksilver  does  not  act  on  the  body, 
even  when  taken  into  the  stomach.  When  o.xy- 
dized,  and  combined  with  acids,  it  acts  powerfully. 
It  has  been  exhibited  in  cases  of  constriction  "f 
the  bowels  and  in  intussusception,  from  a  notion 


IIVDRARGVRUS 


471 


IIYDREL.EON 


♦hflt  it  must  certainly  pas?  through  flie  bowels  liy 
its  t;riivity.  The  water,  in  which  mercury  has 
been  Ijoiicd,  has  been  recommended  as  a  vermi- 
fuge ;  l)Ut  it  prol)iil)ly  enjoys  no  such  jiroperty,  as 
cheiuicai  tests  do  not  exhil)it  the  presence  of  the 
metal.  When  the  crude  metal  is  distilled  in  an 
iron  retort,  it  forms  the  J/i/ctiur'tjynim  2i"i"'- 
Jirii'lniii. 

Hyi)ri\n(iYi!i;.M  AMSios'iATO-MnniATK  tm.  II. 
pri«ci|iitatum — h.  Aminoiiiatum,  II.  pnccipitatum 
—  h.  IJiiodatuiii,  llydrariryri  iodiduni  ruUruin — h. 
Biiodatum  cum  kalio  iodalo,  Potassii  hydrarifyro- 
i.)didum — h.  Horussicuiii.  llydrarj^yri  cyanuretum 
— h.  Cyano^^eiiatuiu,  llydrar(;yri  cyanuretum. 

HymtARGYiu-M  cn.M  Cukta  (Ph.  II.  S.),  //?/- 
dnii'i/i/riiH  cniii  cretd,  MeivHviiiK  (ilhiiUnit'tiin,  M<r- 
eiin/  iiitk  cliiitk,  yE'llii<>]iH  (ticitliKd'liiK,  (Jitiij 
pi'inder,  (F.)  Mercuie  acne  In  crnie.  [Hydrnnj. 
iiij;  Crelcs  p  a-jioriit.  ^v.  Rub  them  tofrelher 
till  the  globules  disappear.  Ph.  U.  S.)  A  pro- 
tu.xide  of  mercury,  formed  by  trituration  with 
carl)onate  of  lime.  It  is  somewhat  uncertain  ; 
and  consc(|uently  not  much  emi)!oyed  as  a  mer- 
curial. It  possesses  the  properties  of  the  black 
o.xide  of  mercury,  and  may  be  a>ivantageously  ex- 
liiliited  in  cases  of  diarrhoea  in  children,  depend- 
ent upon  aciility  and  vitiated  secretions.  Dose, 
gr.  V  to  ^^ss,  twice  a  day,  in  any  viscid  substance. 
Hydiiaiigvuum  oi'M  Magnk'sia  of  the  Dublin 
Pharmacopreia  resemhles  it  in  properties. 

IIyi)Iiaugviu'M  IlYl>itocYANirt;.M,  lly<lrargyri 
cyanuretum — h.  ludatum,  llydrar;,'yri  iodidum — 
h.  lodatum  cum  chtorido  Mereurii,  Mercury,  io- 
dide of  chloride  of — h.  lodatum  flavum,  ]Iy<lrar- 
gyri  iodidum  —  h.  lodatum  rubrum,  IIyilrar!:;yri 
iodidum  ruhrum  —  h.  lodidulatum,  Ilydrarjjyri 
iodidum  —  h.  Muriaticum  Mite.  Ilydrargjri  sub- 
jnurias — h.  Nitricum,  llydrargyri  nitras — h.  Pe- 
riodiitum,  llyilrargyri  iodidum  rubrum. 

IlYDKAIKJYIiUH  Plt/KCI  ['ITA'tUM,  H.  nilimrDi  hl'- 
liim  (F'h.  U.  S.).  //.  ininiioin'o'lD-tnitn'at'icKm,  Hy- 
driti'gi/ri  innno'itin-clili)' rliiitm,  Merciin'its  cus- 
met'icuK,  Mn'riiiH  o.ridi  In/dr/irf/i/ri  <tmmi>}ii(tc(i'lis, 
M.  hi/drar'</i/fi  mib-oxi/yeiin'tiix  picpi'ipitotio' ne- 
ptira'liin,  Siihmn'rias  ainiitoiil'fuo-liydrm'f/i/r'i- 
CH»,  S.  Hi/drarr/i/ri  ammniiititdiit  seu  Praci- 
pitd'tmn,  Citlx  Hydrnrgyri  niha,  PrcBc!j)il"'tiini 
album,  Amino' iiio-cliloride  i>f  Mcroury,  White 
pici!/)' itdtc  of  }fi:rciu-y.  White  precipitnte,  Uiil- 
cliiit'tiini  mti/'uK  Pdte'rii,  (P.)  Sonxmnrinte  de  mer- 
citre  pricipitf.  ou  Pr^vipitf  bluiie.  (liydriii;/. 
chhn'd.  norroK.  ^vj  :  nqnce  destilhit.  eong.,  Liquor 
aiiiiiioiiia'.,  f^^viij.  Dissolve  the  chloride  in  the 
water,  with  the  aid  of  heat,  and  to  tiie  solution, 
when  cold,  add  tlie  solution  of  ammonia,  fre- 
quently stirring.  Wash  the  precipitate  till  it  is 
tasteless,  and  dry  it —Ph.  U.  S.) 

A  peroxide,  combined  wiih  muriatic  aci'l  and 
ammonia,  forming  a  triple  salt.  It  is  used  in 
powder,  to  destroy  vermin  ;  and,  united  with 
lard,  for  the  same  purpose,  as  well  as  in  scabies 
and  some  other  cutaneous  affections. 

IlyPRAUGYItUM  SacCHARa'tIIM,  yE'thinps  snc- 
chrixt'liiH,  Merv.n'fiiis  sdceharn'tiis,  Ox'idiim  hy- 
dntrgiiri  iidcchrirn'tiim,  Sde.'clidruin  hydrdrtjyri 
vermif'uipim.  A  mild  mercurial  formula  in  seve- 
ral of  the  Pharmacopoeias  of  continental  Europe; 
formed  by  triturating  one  part  of  mercury  with 
two  of  while  Kuijor.  It  is  Used  in  the  venereal 
affections  of  ehibiren. 

IlYDRAUGYuiijf  ZooTici'M,  Ilydrargyri  cyanu- 
retum. 
IIYDRARdYRUS.  Hydrargyrum. 
IlYnit  vitiJViu'S  Ackta'tiis,  >7*er»ia  viercu'rii, 
Term  folid'tn  luercu'rii,  Mercurial  aeetn'tuR,  Hy- 
drurgyri  Aee'l'in,  AcetOH  seu  Protn-nce'tdS  Hy- 
drnn/yri.  Ar"rlnte  <if  niercnry.  This  was  the 
'>asis  of  Kcyxer'n  pillx,  and  was  once  much  cele- 
brated iu  the  cure  of  the  venereal  disease.     The 


dose  is  from   three  to  five  grains,  but  it  is  not 
much  used. 

The  formula  for  Keyxer'a  aiiti-reuereal  pills 
was  as  follows  j^ — Jiydrnrg.  Aeet.  '^iv  ;  Muuua-, 
,^xxx  ;  Amy/,  gij;  JIiic.  O.  Traij.  q.  s.  To  be 
made  into  pdls  of  gr.  vj  each.     Dose,  two  pills. 

llYDHAHGYKti.s  Ca i.ciN ATUS,  Ilydrargyri  oxy- 
dum  ruhrum  —  h.  cum  Creta,  Hydrargyrum  cum 
crela — h.  IVluriatus,  Ilydrargyri  oxymurias  —  h. 
Js'itratus  ruber,  Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydum. 

II YDR  AUG  vims  PlIUSI-HOIlA'Trs,  Pliox/Jnnel'lf/l 
mereiuy.  This  preparation  has  been  recom- 
mended in  cases  of  inveterate  venereal  ulcers, 
but  is  now  scarcclj'  used. 

HYDRATiGYiais  SiH.PH URKTi's  RuBKU,  Ilydrar- 
gyri   sulpburetum    rubrum  ^ — h.    cum    Sulpliurc, 
I  Ilydrargyri  suljiliuretuw  nigrum — h.  e  SulpLurt, 
Ilydrargyri  sulpburetum  nigrum. 

II  YI)l!ARGYRi;s  VlTRloi.A'rrs,  Turpe'thuni  vii- 
iiejd'le,  Mercnriits  eiiiet'icux  /Idviix  seu  cdxs' I icux 
fldviis  seu  lu'teux,  Uydrdi  ijyri  HulphdH  seu  mdjihut 
'fIdruH  (Ph.  U.  S.J,  Subxulphdx  Hydrdryyri  Jldvu>., 
O.ryduiit  hydrari/yri  nulphu' rieiim,  tSubxul'phtix 
liydnirijyri  perojidd'ti,  Vtilx  lucreu'rii  vilriold'to, 
Tiirbilh  luiii'erdl,  (F.)  Soux-xul/iite  de  mercure  ou 
turbiih  iiiiiierdl.  (Uydrar//.  ^'^'i  Acid.  iSu/ph. 
,^vj.  Mi.K  in  a  glass  vessel,  and  boil  in  a  sand- 
bath  till  a  dry,  white  mass  remains.  Kub  this 
into  ]iowdi'r,  and  throw  it  into  boiling  water. 
Pour  olf  the  liquor,  and  wash  the  yellow  preci- 
pitated powder  repeatedly  with  Lot  water:  then 
dr3'  it — Ph.  U.  K.)  Two  grains  of  this  mercuriiil 
act  on  the  stomach  violently.  It  is  sometimes 
recommended  as  an  crrliino  in  amaurosis. 

HYDRA RTll RON,  llvdrarthrus. 

IIYDRARTIIROS,  H^-drarthrus. 

HYDRARTHROSIS,  llvdrarthrus. 

IIYDRAR'TIIRUS,  I/ydarthrux.  If.  synovia'- 
lix.  Ilydropx  drtienio' rniii.  llydrdrlhroii,  Ilydrdr'- 
throx,  Jlelive'rid,  Spina  veiito'sa  of  Rliazcs  and 
Avieenna,  Arlhri'fis  Hydrar'thros,  Hydarlhro'six, 
Ilifdrarlliro'xix,  Emnnjx'inm  arlirula're,  Tumor 
aihux,  White  xu)elliiii/ ;  from  'viwp,  'water,'  and 
apSpov,  'a  joint.'  (F.)  Tuiiicur  blanche,  T.  lyin- 
phaliqite  dex  articulatioux.  The  F"'rench  surgeons 
apply  the  term  HydrarthruD  to  dropsy  of  the  ar- 
ticulations. White  swelling  is  an  extremely  for- 
midable disease.  It  may  attack  any  one  of  the 
joints;  but  is  most  commonly  met  with  in  the 
knee,  the  haunch,  the  foot,  the  elbow,  and  gene- 
rally occurs  in  scrofulous  children.  It  consists, 
at  times,  in  tumefaction,  and  softening  of  the 
soft  parts  and  ligaments,  which  surround  the 
joints  :  at  others,  in  swelling  and  caries  of  the 
articular  extremities  of  bones:  or  both  the.-e 
states  may  exist  at  the  same  time.  The  treat- 
ment consists  in  the  employment  of  counter-irri- 
tants: the  use  of  iodine  internally  and  externally, 
<fec.     Also,  Svnovia. 

HYDRAS'PIS  EXPAN'SA,  Great  freshwater 
Tortoise.  On  the  sandy  banks  of  rivers  in  Peru 
this  animal  buries  its  eggs,  fnom  which  the  Indians 
extract  oil.  Its  flesh  supplies  well-flavoured  food. 
— Tsehudi. 

HYDRASTIS,  H.  Canadensis. 

Hydras'tis  Canai)eji'sis,  Hydraxtix,  (perhaps 
from  'v^uip,  'water,'  and  fipau),  '  I  am  active,') 
Wdruer(t  Caundeii'xix,  Hydrophyll'um  veniiu, 
CdUd'dian  Hydraxtix,  Yellow  Root,  Ordur/e  Root, 
Yellow  Pnvcoon,  Ground  Rosp'berri/,  Yelloio 
Paint,  Gulden  Seal,  In'dian  Paint,  Eyebahu. 
Nat.  Ord.  Ranunculaceaj.  It  is  used  in  Ken- 
tucky as  a  'mouth  water.'  and  as  an  outward  \\\t- 
plication  in  wounds  and  local  inflammations. 

IIYDRA'TION.  Jfydra'tio,{n>m  'uiwp,  '  water.' 
Impregnation  or  moistening  with  water:  as  Jly- 
drati  means  impregnated  or  moistened  with 
water. 

IIYDREL^'ON,  Hydrola'um,  from    'viup. 


IIYDRELYTRON 


472 


IIYDROCEPITALUS 


'wnter,'  and  eXatov,  'oil.'  A  mixture  of  water 
:uul  oil. 

HYDRELYTRON,  see  Hydrocele. 

HYDHEMA,  (Edema. 

IIYDKEXCEPJIALITIS,  Hydrocephalus  in- 
tern us. 

HYDRENCEPHALIUM,  Hydrocephalus  in- 
ternus. 

HYDRENCEPHALOCE'LE,  Hydrocephalo- 
<i'le,  from  'ui^wp,  'water,'  lyKitpaXui,  'the  ence- 
jihalon,'  and  KtiXt],  '  rupture,  j)rotrusion.'  A  uion- 
.'-trosity  in  wliii;h  there  is  a  tissure  of  the  cranium, 
tiie  integument  of  the  head  being  present,  and 
forming  a  hernial  sac  in  which  tiie  brain  lies  out- 
side the  skull — the  sac  containing  a  large  quan- 
tity of  serous  fluid.     Also,  Hydrocephalus  chro- 

DICUS. 

HYDRENCEPHALON,  see  Hydrocephalus 
chronicus. 

HYDRENCEPH'ALOID,  from  'vio,p,  <  water,' 
cyK£if)a\oi.  'the  brain,'  and  ck^os,  'resemblance.' 
Resembling  liydrencephalus.  Ifi/drenceph'u/oi'd 
tiineiiKe,  Spn'ridim  ht/droct'ph'a/iis,  Pneudo-ence- 
plinli'tis.  Disorders  of  the  bowels,  and  exhaus- 
tion in  children,  are  at  times  attended  with  hy- 
drencephaloid  symptoms. 

HYDRENCEPHALUS,  Hydrocephalus  inter- 
j  us.  _ 

HYDRENTEROCE'LE,  from  '«<5(j/),  'water,' 
ivTCf-ov,  'intestine.'  and  Krj'Xr),  'a  tumour.'  Intes- 
tinal hernia,  the  sac  of  which  encloses  fluid. 

HYDREXTEROMPHALOCE'LE,  Hydrcnte- 
rinii'phdluH,  from  'vhmp,  'water,'  tvrtpov,  'intes- 
tine,' oiJ(pa\os,  'umbilicus,'  and  KrjXri,  'rupture.' 
I'inbilical  hernia  with  intestine  and  water  in  the 

'  IIYDRENTEROMPHALUS,  Hydrenterom- 
]ihalocele. 

HYDREPIGASTRIUM,  see  Ascites. 

HYDREPIPLOCE'LE,  from  'uJup,  'water,' 
it:ik\uov,  '  omentum,'  and  k?;X);,  '  rupture.'  Omen- 
tal hernia,  with  water  in  the  sac. 

IlYBUE'PlPLOM'PllAhV&Jfi/drepiplowpJin- 
hive'le,  from  'u(5o)p,  '  water,'  cwnrXoov,  '  omentum,' 
and  opipaKoi,  '  umbilicus.'  Umbilical  hernia,  with 
omentum  and  water  in  the  sac. 

HYDRETRUM,  Ascites. 

HYDRIASIS,  Hydrosudotherapeia. 

HYDRIATER,  see  Hydropathic. 

HYDRIATRIA,  Hydrosudotherapeia. 

HYDRIATRICA  AKS,  Hydrosudotherapeia. 

HYDRIATRICUS.  see  Hydropathic. 

HYDRIATRUS,  see  Hydropathic. 

HYDRIODAS  KALICUS,  see  PotassiB  hy- 
driodas. 

HYDRIODIC  ACID,  see  Acid,  hydriodic. 

HYDRO'A,  Hidro'a,  Aqu'ida,  Boa,  Planta 
vnetU,  from  'v?^wp,  '  water.'  An  affection,  which 
consists  in  an  accumuhition  of  water  or  serous 
fluid  under  the  epidermis.  Seime  have  used  hy- 
dro a  synonymously  with  Hudamina  ;  others  with 
jtemphigHS.  In  the  first  case,  it  has  generallj', 
however,  been  written  hidro'a,  from  U^puii, 
'  sweat,'  and  in  the  latter  hydro'a.     See  Hj'datid. 

H  Y  D  R  0  ^ '  M  I  A,  HydrcB'wk,,  Ilamyd'ria  ; 
from  'v(5ujp,  'water,'  and  '■aina,  'blood.'  Anaemia. 
The  state  of  the  blood  in  which  the  watery  con- 
stituents are  in  excess. 

H  YDROAEROPLEURIE,  Hydrcpneumo- 
thorax. 

HYDROA'RION,  Hydrooph'oron,  Hydroo- 
jjhnr'ia,  Hyd/oti'n'tini,  Hydroova'rium,  Ny' drops 
ora'rii,  Asci'tes  ovarii,  A.  sacca'tus,  (F.)  Hydro- 
jjisie  de  I'ovaire,  from  'now/),'  water,'  and  wapiov, 
'  ovarium.'     Dropsy  of  the  ovarium. 

HYDROATA,  Sudamina. 

UYDROBLEPH'ARON,  ITy'drops  Pal'pelrcB, 


Blrpharoede'nin  a  (j  no' mini,  (Edc'ma  pidpcbra'- 
mm.  An  oedema  or  watery  swelling  of  tlie  eye- 
lids;  from  'I't^w/j,  'water,'  and  /JAti/xipor,  'eyelid' 

IIYDROOACllEXIA,  Lcucopblcgmatiii. 

HYDROCARDIA,  Ilydroperieardiuui,  see  Pe- 
ricardiuui. 

HYDROCATARRHOPHE'SIS,  Bydrocalar. 
rhoph'ia,  from  'd^w/j,  '  water,'  and  Karapfiuifiitv,  'to 
sip  up.'     Absori)tion  of  water  from  wiiiiout. 

HYDROCE'LE,  Hydrops  Scroti  sen  tcslicuh'- 
rviii,  Hydroschcocc'le,  Llyilatuve'lc,  J/ydnia'vheiim, 
IJydror'chis,  Jlijd roNcheiitiiv,  (Alibert.j  from  'vhiaa, 
'water,'  and  KriXri,  'a  tumour.'  A  term  gcno- 
rally  applied  to  a  collection  of  serous  fluid  in 
the  areolar  texture  of  the  scrotum  or  in  some 
of  the  coverings,  eitiier  of  the  testicle  or  sper- 
matic cord.  To  the  first  of  these  varieties  the 
names  —  E.rtcrmd  llydroielt;,  II.  odimato'dea, 
(F.)  //.  par  infiltration  have  been  given  ;  and  to 
the  second,  those  of  Hydroce'le  inler'na,  //.  ^i'. 
nic(B  vayiiia'lis  tru'tis,  llydrel' ytrou,  (F.)  II.  par 
eponcheiiieiit.  Wlien  tlie  collection  occurs  in  the 
envelope  of  the  testicle,  it  is  called  II.  of  the 
tunica  var/inalis;  and  the  epithet  congenital  is 
added,  when  the  interior  of  the  membrane,  in 
which  it  is  situate,  still  communicates  freely  with 
the  cavity  of  the  abdomen.  When  it  exists  in  the 
spermatic  chord,  it  is  called  entysted,  or  diffused 
Hydrocele  of  the  spermatic  cord,  as  the  case  may 
be.  The  tumour  of  the  distended  scrotum  is  ob- 
long :  greater  below  than  above ;  indolent  and 
semi-transparent.  When  it  becomes  inconve- 
niently large,  the  fluid  may  be  evacuated  by 
puncturing  with  a  trocar,  but,  as  it  collects 
again,  this  operation  can  only  be  eonsiilered 
palliative.  The  radical  cure  consists,  usually,  in 
injecting,  through  the  canula  of  the  trocar,  which 
has  been  left  in,  after  puncturing,  some  irritating 
liquid,  as  wine.  This  is  kept  in  the  tunica  vagi- 
nalis for  a  few  minutes,  and  then  withdrawn. 
The  coat  inflames  ;  adhesion  takes  place,  and  the 
cavity  is  obliterated. 

HyiiRocKi.K  OP  THE  Neok.  a  tumour,  filled 
with  a  watery  fluid,  oceupjing  some  portion  of 
the  neck. 

Hyj)I!ocele  Peritonei,  Ascites  —  h.  Spinalis, 
Hydrorachis. 

HYDROCENO'SIS,  from  'u,Up,  'water,'  and 
Ktvooi?,  '  evacuation.'  The  evacuation  of  water 
morbidly  accumulated  in  the  body. 

HYDROCEPHALE,  Hydrocephalus. 

IIYDROCJEPHALE  AIGUii,  Hydrocephalus 
internus. 

HYDROCEPHALITIS,  Hydrocephalus  inter- 
nus. 

HYDROCEPHALIUM,  Hydrocephalus. 

H  Y  D  R  0  C  E  P  HALOCELE,  Hydrencephalo- 
cele. 

H  YDR 0 CEPHA L  OE CTA SIE,  Hy droeepha- 
lus  chronicus. 

HYDROCEPH'ALUS,  Hydroccph'alnm,  Hy- 
drocra'nia,  Bydrocra'niiim,  Ilydrocephnl'inm, 
Ilydroceph'ale,  Hydrops  Cap'itis  seu  Cer'ebri, 
from  \'iuip,  'water,'  and  Ki(}>a>.ri,  'the  head.' 
Water  in  the  head.  Dropsy  <f  the  head.  Dropsy 
of  the  brain.  A  collection  of  water  within  the 
head.     It  may  be  internal  or  external. 

Hydrocephalus  Acutus,  H.  internus  — h. 
Acutus  senum,  Apoplexy,  serous  — h.  Adnatus, 
see  H.  chronicus — h.  Congenitus,  see  H.  chronicus 
—  h.  Externus,  H.  chronicus  —  h.  Mcningcus,  H. 
internus. 

HYDHOrEI>HALr.S  CnRON'icrS,  Hydrenrephn- 
loce'le,  Hydrops  Ccp'itis  seu  ararhnoideo'.  Hy- 
drocephalus e.iternns,  (F.)  Hydrocephah;  Ilydro- 
cephaloectasie  of  some,  may  exist  at  birth.  Hy- 
drenceph'olon,  HydrocephahiH  conyen'itns  SCU 
udiia'tiis  commonly  commences  at  ail  early  period 


HYDROCIIAMAIMELUM 


473 


HYDRO-ENTERO 


of  existence,  nnd  the  accumulation  of  fluid  gradu- 
ally proiluces  distension  of  tlie  brain,  and  of  the 
i-kull,  witli  fcparntion  of  the  sutures.  It  com- 
iiionly  proves  Fatal  before  puberty. 

IIvnitocKl'HALUS  ExTKKNlls,  (Ede'ttm  cap'itis, 
CiphidiriWiiKi  of  some,  is  a  mere  infiltration  into 
the  subcutaneous  cellular  tissue  of  the  cranium. 

IIVDllOCEI'llALUS     IiNTEll'.Vlis,    Hydroceph'aUtH 
(ten  liiH  sou  iiienhtr/e'iin,   Hydrops   cer'ebri,   Eiice- 
phnUd'fjin  hydrop' I'ca,  Enccphali'tis  exsndnto'rin, 
Kiicppb<(li't!i  seu  MeniiKji'tin  Infitn'tum  seu   hy- 
(tructjthal'lcd,   Morbun  cercbra' lis   Whi/t'tii,   En'- 
trri>-cfjili<(liip'yi'U       Iiifan'tum,       Ifi/drdphlor/D'sis 
Yenti'iciilo' nun   cer'ebri,   Ence2>liiilt>ch' ynin,  Phre- 
uic'idd     hijilrocephal'lcn,    Ili/drenceph'itlus,    Hy- 
ilrencejihtdi'tln,  Jlydreiicepliid'liun,    Hydrocepha- 
li'h'n,    Ifydrdmeiiliif/i'tln,    Fehrlv    seu    Apuphx'la 
lii/ilriirfiihid'icn,      C«riin     hydrorepli'idim,      Water 
Jlruin  Fever,  Whytt'n  Dixeuse,  [V.)  Hydrocephide 
aii/iie,  Fievre  cerebrale  des  Eii/ans,  is  generallj' 
(Seated,  according   to    modern    observers,  in  the 
meninges  and  surface  of  the  encephalon,  and  is  a 
tithcr'eidnr   menhitjl' tin,   Menlnrjl'tln   tiiberciilo'sa, 
Eiicepli'iloatniiiio'nix,    Grcoi' idiir   or    Scrojihn'lona 
vieiiiiiji'tis,  (F.)  Menlnijite  tuberculeiine  ou  (jranu- 
laime,    P(Bil>neeph(dle.  —  Piorry.     It  is   observed 
]>iirticularly  in  childiiood.    Its  march  is  extremely 
acute  and  often  very  rapid;  admitting,  generally, 
however,  of  division  into  throe  stages.    The  symp- 
toms of  the  /?(•«<  ntdije  are  those  of  general  febrile 
irritation,  with  head-ache,  intolerance  of  light  and 
pound,  delirium,  &e.     Those  of  the  second,  which 
generally  denote  that  the  inflammation  has  ended 
in  effusion,  are,  great  slowness  of  pulse,  crying  out 
as  if  in  distress,  moaning,  dilated  pupil,  squint- 
ing, (fee;    and  lastly,  in   the  third  stage — pro- 
found stupor,  paralysis,  convulsions,  involuntary 
evacuations,  quick  pulse,  and  frequently  death. 
The  <lisease  is  of  uncertain  duration  ;  sometimes, 
destroying  in  two  or  three  d;iys;  at  others,  ex- 
tending to  two  or  three  weeks.     The  prognosis 
is  unfavourable.     The  treatment  must  be  active 
during  the  stage  of  excitement,  —  precisely  that 
which  is  necessary  in  phrenitis.     In  the  second 
stage,  the  indication  is  ; — to  promote  the  absorp- 
tion of  the  etfused  fluid.     Tliis  must  be  done  by 
counter-irritants,  and  mercury,  chiefly.     On  dis- 
section, water  is  generally  found  in  the  ventricles, 
or  at  the  base  of  the  brain ;  or  there  are  evidences 
of  previous  vascular  excitement,  as  effusions  of 
coagulable  lym[)h,  &c. 

lIvDuocEi'HALUs  Spuuius,  Hydrenccphaloid, 
(disease.) 

IIYDllOCIIAMAIMELUM,  Infusum  antberai- 
dis. 
HYDROCIIEZIA,  Diarrhoea  serosa. 
HVnnOCirr.ORArK  IXOR.  see  Oold. 
IIYDHOCIILORINAS  NATRICUS,  Soda, 
muriate  of. 

IIYDROCIIOLECYSTIS,  Turgcsccntia  vesi- 
culee  felleae. 

IIYDROCH'YSES,  (G.)IIydrochysen.from 
'ui!u]p,  'water,'  and  xvaii,  'effusion.'  A  family  of 
diseases,  according  to  the  classification  of  Fuchs, 
in  which  there  is  a  sudden  effusion  of  serous  fluid, 
as  in  serous  apoplexy,  hydrocephalus,  &c. 

HYDROCIRSOCE'LE,    Hyfjroelraoe.e'le,     Hy- 
grnre'le,  from   'u(5ui/),  'water,'  xtpaof,  'varix,'  and 
xn^i,  '  tumour.'     A   tumour,  formed  by  the  vari- 
cose distension  of  the  veins  of  the  spermatic  cord, 
and  liy  the  accumulation  of  serous  fluid  in  the 
areolar  texture  of  the  scrotum. 
IIYDROCCELIA,  Ascites. 
HYDROCOXIIIM,  Bath,  shower. 
HYDROCOT'YLE  AfilWICA, Codaffmn,Pe>,. 
Cfliii'nus,   Ail'il'ic   Peu'nywort.      Order,  Umbelli- 
ferae.    A   plant  of  India,  Cape  of  Good  Hope, 


and  Jamaica,  where  it  is  supposed  to  be  possessed 
of  astringent  and  diuretic  properties.  The  leaves 
are  applied  to  bruised  parts  to  prevent  inflamma- 
tion. The  llydrocotyle  has  recently  been  ex- 
tolled, in  India,  as  a  remedy  for  lepra. 

Hvdrocot'yle  Centel'la.  a  South  African 
plant,  the  roots  and  stalks  of  which  are  aslria- 
gent;  and  used  in  diarrhoea  and  dysentery. 
HYniiOcoTYLK  Umbellatiim,  Acaricoba. 
HYDROCRANIA,  Hydrocephalus. 
HYDROCRANIUM,  Hydrocephalus. 
HYDROCRITHE,  Decoetum  Hordci. 
HYDROCYAN'IC  ACID,  Ac"tdnm  JTydroey- 
nn'lcnm  ;  from  'uiwp,  'water,'  and  Kvuvoi,  'blue. 
Prnsnic  Add,  Ats"ldum  Pru-i'nlciim  Seu  Piirnn'- 
sicnm  sen  Zoot'lcum  seu  Zoolln'lciim,  Cyuuoliy'- 
dric  or  Cyunhy'dric  Acid,  (F.)  Aclde  Uydro- 
cyfiniqne  ou  Pruanlqne.  This  acid  exists  in  a 
great  variety  of  native  combinations  in  the  vege- 
table kingdom,  and  imparts  to  them  certain  pro- 
perties, which  have  been  long  known  and  es- 
teemed; as  in  the  bitter  almond,  cherry  Inurelj 
leaves  of  the  peach  tree,  kerneh  of  fruit,  pips  of 
apples,  &c.  AVhcn  concentrated,  it  is  liquid,  co- 
lourless, of  a  strong  smell  and  taste,  at  first  cool, 
afterwards  burning.  Its  s.  g.  at  7°  Centigrade,  ia 
0.7058.  It  is  very  volatile,  and  enters  into  ebul- 
lition at  80°  Fahr.  It  speedily  undergoes  de- 
composition, sometimes  in  less  than  an  hour,  and 
consists  of  a  peculiar  gazeous  and  highly  inflam- 
mable comjKJund  of  carbon  and  azote,  to  which 
the  name  (Jyan'oyen  has  been  assigned  ;  and  of 
hydrogen,  which  acts  as  the  acidifying  principle: 
hence  its  name  Hydrocyanic  acid.  In  the  Phar- 
macopwia  of  the  United  States,  (ISol,)  two  for- 
mula? for  the  preparation  of  the  Ac"ldnm  hydro- 
cyan'ienm  dlln'tnm  —  Ac" Idnm  hydroeyan' Icnm, 
I'h.  U.  S.  of  1842  —  are  given;  the  one  from  the 
Ferro-cyannret  of  Potassium  ;  the  other  from  the 
Cyannret  of  Silver.  According  to  Magendie,  the 
acid,  prepared  after  Scheele's  method  —  the  one 
in  common  use — is  of  irregular  medicinal  power: 
he,  therefore,  recommends  Gay  Lussac's  acid, 
diluted  with  6  times  its  volume,  or  8.5  times  its 
weight  of  distilled  water,  for  medicinal  purposes, 
and  this  he  calls  Medlc"ln(d  Prmslc  Acid.  Dr. 
Ure  has  proposed,  that  the  specific  gravity  should 
indicate  that  which  is  proper  for  medicinal  exhi- 
bition ;  and,  after  comparative  experiments  of  the 
gravity  of  the  acids,  obtained  by  different  pro- 
cesses, he  states,  that  the  acid,  usually  prescribed, 
is  of  s.  g.  fl.996  or  0.997.  Great  caution  is,  how- 
ever, necessary.  One  drop  of  pare  prussic  acid 
may  instantly  destroy,  and  the  animal  show 
hardly  any  traces  of  irritability,  a  few  moments 
after  death.  It  has  been  advised  in  laryngeal 
phthisis,  in  pulmonary  phthisis,  pulmonary  in- 
flammation and  irritation,  dyspepsia,  uterine  affec- 
tions, hectic  cough,  cancer,  chronic  rheumatism, 
and  mania,  and  as  a  local  remedy  in  impetiginous 
affections;  but,  although  possessed  of  powerful 
sedative  properties,  it  is  so  unmanageable  and 
the  preparation  so  uncertain,  that  it  is  not  much 
nsed.  The  Dose  of  Scheele's  Add,  or  of  the  ^fe- 
dldnal  Prussic  Add,  is  from  a  quarter  of  a  drop 
to  two  drops. 

HYDROCYS'TIS,  from  'v^wp,  'water,'  and 
Kvcriq,  'a  bladder.'  A  cyst  containing  a  watery 
or  serous  fluid.  An  hydatid.  Also,  saccated 
ascites. 

HYDRODERMA,  Anasarca. 
HYDRODES,  Aqueous. 
HYDRODIARRHrEA,  Diarrhoea,  serous. 
HYDR(EDEMA.  (Edema. 
HYDRO-EXCEPHALORRHEE,  Apoplexy, 
serous.  _ 

HYDRO  -  ENTERO  -  EPIPLOCE'LE,  Hydro- 
eplplo-euteroce'Ie ;  from  'niuip,  'water,'  tvTtf>ov, 
'intestine,'    and    ctitAoov    'omentum.'     Eulero- 


HYDRO-ENTERO-EPIPLOMrilALUM     4  7  4 


HYDROPATHIC 


epiplocele,   the  sac   of  which   contains   a  serous 
fluid. 

H  Y  D  H  0  -  E  N  T  E  RO-EPIPLOM'PIIALUM, 
from  'u(5wp,  'wiiter,'  evrepoti,  'an  intestine,'  t-j- 
ffA'/ov,  '  the  caul,'  and  ofiipaXoi,  'the  navel.'  Uiu- 
bilical  hernia,  the  sac  of  which  contains  iatesliue, 
epiploon,  and  serutn. 

H  Y  D  R  0  -  ENTEROM'PIIALUM,  Hijdreute- 
roiii'j/haluia  :  from  'v^uip,  'water,'  f.vtc/iov,  'an  in- 
tesline,'  and  ofi(pj\oi,  'the  umbilicus.'  Hernia 
unibiliciilis,  the  sac  of  which  contains  intestine 
and  serum.  _ 

IIYDKO-EPIPLOCE'LE,  from  'r<!u)p,  'wnter,' 
iKiirXouv,  'omentum,'  and  ki/Xij,  'a  tumour.'  Her- 
nia, formed  by  omentum,  tlie  sac  of  which  con- 
tains serum. 

HYDRO-EPIPLO  ENTEROCELE,  Hydro- 
entcro-opiiilocele. 

HYDRO -EPIPLOMPH'ALUM,   from    'vSwp, 
'water,'   €~tTz\uov,    'the    omentum,'    and   oiifn\us<  \\ 
'the    umbilicus.'      Umbilical    hernia,  the  sac   of'j 
which  CMintains  epiploon  iind  serum. 

IIYDROG'ALA,  from  'uowp,  'water,'  and  yaXa, 
'milk.'     A  mixture  of  water  and  milk. 

HYDROGASTER,  Ascites. 

H  Y  '  D  R  0  G  E  N,  Hi/dro'je„'!,im,  Lifdm'umhlc 
air.  Pli/ofiiv'tnii,  Priiicip'iniii  liydroi/eiiut' iciiiii  sen 
hi/drot'iciun,  Mcphi'tU  hiji'niimiili' ilix,  (F.)  H>j- 
di-oyiiie,  Air  iiijl((iiimnhle,  Gaz  dea  halloiin,  from 
'vi(i]p,  '  water,'  and  yivvau),  '•!  produce.'  This 
gas,  when  bronthed,  proves  I'atiil  from  containinjr 
no  oxyijen.  Wlien  diluted  with  two-thinis  of  at- 
mospheric air,  it  occasions  some  diminution  of 
muscular  power  and  sensibility,  and  a  reduction 
of  the  force  of  the  circulation.  It  has  been  re- 
spired in  catarrh,  hicmoptysis,  and  phthisis. 

IIyduooen,  CARniiRKT'iHn,  Iiijhnii' niahle  air, 
Fire  ddiiip,  of  miners,  (F.)  Hi/draf/hie  carhime 
ou  }iroto-cnrbo»S,  Grimm.  —  obtained  by  pass- 
ing the  vapour  of  water  over  charcoal,  at  the 
temperature  of  ignition,  in  an  iron  tube  —  has 
been  found  possessed  of  similar  properties,  when 
diluted,  and  has  been  used  in  like  cases. 

HyduogI'IN,  PnoToxinH  OF,  Water. 

HyDROGKN,  SlII,PHlIRKTTKI>,  Hi/drof>iiIpJi'uri<; 
Siilphhi/'dric,  Sidpliahi/di-ic  or  Hi/ilratliiiiii' ic  acid. 
Hydrotlii'on,  Guz  hepnt' ictiiit  seu  hyilrogi^ii'iuin 
sulphnra'tiim,  Mephi'lis  hi-pnt'ica.  (F.)  Hi/dr(i(/hie 
snl.fiiri,  Acide  hydrosidfiirique,  Air  piiant  ou  Iie- 
jJtitiqiie,  may  he  disengaged  from  any  of  the  sul- 
phurets  by  the  addition  of  a  strong  acid.  It  is  a 
violent  poison,  but  has  been  recommended  to  be  j 
inhaled,  diluted,  to  allay  the  increased  irritability 
■which  occasionally  exists  after  diseases  of  the 
lungs.     See  Hydro-sulphuretted  Water. 

HYDROGEXATIOX,  see  Hydro,/hie>ies. 

HYDltOdEXE,  Hydrogen  — ;»!  C«rhon(t  ou 
pr(,l(i<;<trli(iiif.  Hydrogen,  carburetted — h.  Sul/iire, 
Hydrogen,  sulphuretted. 

HYDROGENESE,^.  Baumes  gives  this  name 
to  diseases  which  he  fancifully  considers  to  de- 
pend upon  disturbed  hydrogpiuition.  In  it  he  in- 
cludes intermittent  and  remittent  fevers. 

HYDROGENO-SULPHURETUM  AMMO- 
NIAC^. LIQUIDUM.  AmmoniiB  sulphuretum. 

HYDROGLOSSA,  Ranula. 

HYDROGRAPHY,  see  Hydrology. 

HYnROHEMlE.  Anssmia,  HydroEemia. 

HYDROHYMENI'TIS,  Orrholnjmein'tis,  from 
*D(5(i>p,  'water,'  'vpriv,  'a  membrane,'  and  ids,  de- 
noting inflammation.  Inflammation  of  a  serous 
membrane. 

HYDROHY'STERA,  Hydrometra. 

HYDROL/EUM.  Hvdrel»on. 

HYDROLAPATHUM.Riimcxhydrolapathum. 

HYDROLATA.  Aquie  destillata". 

HYDROLATS,  Aquae  destillata;,  Water,  dis- 
tilled. 


IIYDROLE,  Decoction,  Fomentation,  Lotion, 
Mucihige,  Potion,  Tisane.     See  Hydroliea. 

JIYDROL'ICA,  (F.)  Ilydroliqucn,  from  'uiup, 
'water.'  Watery  solutions  of  the  active  princi- 
ples of  medicinal  agetits.  Those  prepared  by  so- 
lution or  admixture  are  termeii,  liy  some  of  tlio 
modern  French  phnrmiiciens,  J/ydroleu ;  those  by 
distillation,  /fijdro/nts. 

If  Y/tnOL/Qf'ES.  Hydroliea. 

II  YDROLITPJ,  Decoction,  Mucilage,  Potion. 

HY'DROL'OCjY',  Hy<lroliifj"i«,  from  'ti^wp, '  wa- 
ter,' and  Aoyrif,  '  a  discourse.'  A  treatise  on  water. 
By  the  term  Medical  Hydrol'oyy  is  meant  that 
part  of  physics,  whose  (diject  is  the  study  of  wa- 
ter, considered  as  it  respects  medicine;  and,  con- 
sequently, embracing  that  of  mineral  waters. 
Jfcdical  Ilydrdij'raphy  comprises  the  study  of  the 
influence  exerted  by  the  sea  or  by  navigation  on 
the  health  of  man. 

UYDUOLOTIF,  Fomentation,  Lotion. 

HYDROMA'KIA,  from  -vhiup,  'water,'  and 
fiuvia,  '  n)ania.'  A  name  given  by  Strainbi  to 
pellagra,  in  which  the  patient  has  a  strong  pro- 
pensitv  to  drown  himself. 

HYDRO-MEDIASTl'NUM,  Hydrops  medins. 
ti'iii.  Efl'usioii  of  serous  fluid  into  the  mediastinum. 

HY'DROMEL,  Hydrom'cli,  from  't^wp,  •  water,' 
and  ficXi,  '  honcj'.'  Aqua  midsn,  Melili'tis,  iVid- 
siim,  Melic'raliiiii,  Meltic'ratiini,  Rrayyrirt,  Medo. 
A  liquid  medicine,  prepared  with  an  ounce  and  a 
half  of  hiitiey  and  a  pint  of  lepid  uater.  It  \a 
used  as  a  demulcent  and  laxative,  and  is  gene- 
rally known  under  the  names  Simple  hy'dnmiel. 
Vinous  liy'droniel,  Ulead,  Ilydroni'eli  viiui'siim, 
Gi^iioiiiel,  is  a  drink  wade  by  fermenting  honey 
and  water,  and  is  much  used  in  some  countries. 
As  a  common  drink,  mead  is  often  made  of  lioncy 
and  some  alcoholic  liquor  well  beaten  together. 
See  Mahogany. 

HYDROMELLE.  A  preparation  formed  like 
the  syrups,  using  hy<lromel  in  place  of  sn^jar. — 
Beral. 

HYDROMENINGITIS,  Aquo-membraniiis, 
Hvdroceplialus  in  tern  us. 

'HYDROMEI'ER,  Areometer. 

H  Y  D  ROME'TRA,  llydronie'lria,  llydn.lnjH'. 
tera,  Jlydroyiieti-ectn'sia,  Hysteri'tCK,  Jlyxleradr'- 
ma.  Hydrops  n'teri,  from  'viuip,  'water,'  and 
jtriTpa,  "the  womb.'  Dropsy  of  the  wonih.  A  dis- 
ease characterized  by  circumscribed  protulierance 
in  the  hypogastriuni,— with  obscure  fluctnalion, 
progressively  enlarging,  without  is(diury  or  pre;;- 
nani-v.     If  it  ever  occur,  it  must  be  a  rare  disease. 

HYDROMETRECTASIA.  Hydrometra. 

HYDROM'PHALUM.  Hydrops  ,unl,illeo'lis, 
E-voni'jtlialus  aqiio'siis,  ITi-i'iiia  iiiidiili'ei  (tqiio'KH, 
from  •ui^u)/i.  'water,'  and  ofxjmhii.  'the  navel.'  A 
tumour,  formed  by  the  accumulation  of  scrnni  in 
the  sac  of  umbilical  hernia  :  or  simply  by  disten- 
sion of  the  navel  in  cases  of  ascites. 

HYDROMYRIN'GA,  llydromyrinjc.  Hydrops 
tym'piini,  from  'v^ujp,  'water,'  and  niyiiioja  or 
myrinjr,  'the  mcmbraiia  tympani.'  Drop.'-y  of  tl  c 
drum  of  the  ear  ;  giving  rise  to  difilculty  of 
hearing, —  Dyseew'a  hydrop'iea, 

HYDROMYRINX,'  Hydroinyringa. 

HYDROXOUS.  Anasarca,  ffidema. 

HYDRONEPHRO'SIS,  (F.l  Hydmuephro'--. 
Hydroriuale  distension,  from  'tiup.  '  water.'  and 
vtippoi;,  'kidney.'  An  accumulation  in  the  kidney, 
owing  to  the  obstruction  of  the  tubes  of  the  pa- 
pilhr. — Raver. 

IIYDP.ONOSUS,  Hydrops. 

HYDRONUSUS.  Hydrops. 

HYDROOARION.  Ilydroarion. 

HYDROOPHOROX.'jIvdroarion. 

HYDROOYARIUM,  llVdroarion. 

HYDROPATH'IC.  Hydropalh'icns,  Hydrioi'-^ 
ricus,  froiu  'viwf),  '  water,'  and    n-afioj,  '  disease. 


HYDROPATHY 


4  7.> 


IIYDROPNEUMOSxVECA 


l^cliitin?;  ti)  hyilroyiiitliy  or  the  watcr-onrc — as  a  ' 
hy'lr')p:ilhic  plivsician,  Hijdri'd'ter,  Ilyih-i'd'truH.    \ 
HYDROl'ATHY,  Ilj'.lrosu.iotberapeia. 
IIYDKOPKDE'SI.S.  from    'i/r^wp,  'water,'  and 
imfiiiut,    'I    break    out.'     Epkidro'iiis.     Excessive 
sweating. 

llYDKOPEr.R,  Water,  spring. 

llYI)UOPEr.TIS  PURPUREA,  Brasenia  hy- 
dropeliis. 

IlYl)P.OPRRTCARDr.\.  Ilvdroperieardium. 

HYDRO I'KRir AH  DITIS.  Jlvdropcricanlium. 

HYUROPKR[CAR'DIUM,  /'/i/dropen-car'dld. 
I[i/ilri)j)eri'cnrdi'lii<,  frinn  'wi^up,  '  water,'  and  jx'ri- 
cnrdiniii  ;  HijdriipH  Pf:ricai'dii,  Ilijdrocdr'did. 
DrojtKif  of  the  perlciti-'dhim,  (F.)  Hi/drop!nie  dn 
Pericnrde.  Tliis  is  not  a  common  disease.  Pal- 
pitations ;  irregular  or  intermitting  pulse:  exces- 
sive dyspnoea,  amounting  often  to  orthopnoea, 
and  dulness  over  a  large  space  on  percussion,  will 
cause  the  pericardium  to  be  suspected.  The  treat- 
ment is  that  of  dropsies  in  general.  It  is,  usu- 
ally, however,  of  the  active  kind. 

IIYDIlOPKniONM,  from  '..(Wp,  'water,' Ttpi, 
'around,'  and  wof,  '  an  egg,  or  ovum.'  The  sero- 
alliuininous  substance,  secreted  by  the  lining  of 
the  uterus  prior  to  the  arrival  of  the  impregnated 
ovum  in  tliat  cavitv. — Rresebet. 

IIYDROPERITOXEUM,  Ascites. 

//  YDItOI'KIUTOXrE,  Ascites. 

IIYDROPHAri'LUS.  from  'v.5,up,  'water,' and 
^(iXAoj,  '  the  male  organ.'  ffidema  of  the  male 
organ. 

}IYDR0PiriMO.'?IS,  Phimosis  wdematodes. 

IlYnROPIILK(!MASlA  TEXTUS  CELLU- 
LAR IS.  Phloijinasiii  alba. 

ilYDROPlILOtJO.-^LS  VENTRTCULORUM 
CKRRBRI,  Ilvdrocephalus  intornus. 

IIYDROPIIOP.TA,  Pnraphoh'ia.  Parnphoh' !a, 
Pli'iliiidip'HrDi,  r!ie}i'</i/dron.  J-'hriifptpJmh'in,  Ci/- 
ncli/x'sn,  Ci/iioli/n'iiiiin,  MothiiH  Iii/di-ophoh  iciiK  sou 
hil<tiiiph'iihiix,  Li/cHii'cJic,  Li/c<ni'clii>>,  Ai'roplioh' in, 
Phrenl'tia  InlrauH,  Li/lto,  Lyxna.  L.  rnui'itn,  Piin- 
tophoh'ln,  Jidhirs  cniii'nn,  Ei-etliix'nuiH  liydvopho- 
hiii,  CtoiioH  hi/di<ipJir>b!ii,  Ffi/(/r')phi>hi<i,  Aqiifp. 
nicliis,  Cniihie  iiitidiiein,  Watpr  friijlit,  (F. )  liufje  ; 
froiu  'iifniip,  '  water,'  and  <lioj3oi,  '  dread.' 

The  term  liahiea  is  more  appropriate  for  the 
aggregate  of  symptoms  resulting  from  the  bite 
of  raliid  animals.  IIy(lrophol)ia  literally  signifies 
a  '  dre:id  of  water;'  and,  consequently,  ought  to 
be  applied  to  one  of  the  symjitoms  of  rabies,  rather 
than  to  the  disease  itself.  It  is  a  symptom  which 
appears  occasionally  in  other  nervous  affections. 
Rabies  is  susceptible  of  spontaneous  development 
in  the  dosr.  wolf,  cat,  ami  fox,  which  can  thence 
transmit  it  to  other  quadrupeds  or  to  man  ;  but 
it  has  not  been  proved  that  it  can  supervene, — 
without' their  having  been  previously  bitten, — in 
animals  of  other  species;  or  that  the  latter  can, 
when  bitten,  communicate  it  to  others.  Many 
facts  induce  the  belief,  that  the  siiliva  and  bron- 
chial mucus  are  the  sole  vehicles  of  the  rabid 
virus ;  the  effects  of  which  upon  the  economy 
sometimes  appear  almost  immediately  after  the 
bite,  and  are,  at  others,  appiirently  dormant  for  a 
considerable  period.  The  chief  symptoms  are — 
a  sense  of  dryness  and  constriction  of  the  throat; 
excessive  thirst;  difiioilt  deglutition;  aversion 
for.  and  horror  at,  the  sight  of  liquids  as  well  as 
of  brilliant  objects;  red,  animated  countenance; 
great  nervous  irritability;  frothy  saliva  ;  grinding 
of  the  teeth,  (tc.  Death  most  commonly  happens 
before  the  fifth  day.  Hydrophobia  has  hitherto 
resisted  all  thera]>eutical  means.  Those  which 
albiy  irritation  are  obviously  most  called  for.  In 
the  way  of  prevention,  the  bitten  part  should 
nlw.iysbe  excised,  where  practicable;  and  cau- 
terized. 


In  some  cases,  symptoms  like  those  wlii'-h  fol- 
low the  bite  of  a  raliid  animal  are  said  to  have 
come  on  spontaneously.  This  affection  has  been 
termed  iirrr<iitn  or  Kfxmtanenits  hydrojiliobia. 
IIYDROPHORUS,  Lyssodectus. 
HYDROPHTHAL'MIA,  from  'vSu,p,  'water,' 
and  o(ji^(tXixog.  'the  eye.'  Hi/drnpliihal' luim, 
Driipm/  <;/■  the  eye,  Hydropn  Oc'iili,  ISiiptlnd' iiiiin, 
ZoViplilhnV niiiH,  Oc'ii/nn  Bovi'niin  seu  liu'biihin 
seu  Elephiin'tliiiiK,  0})litli<ibn<ipt(i'ii)>i,  Parop'm's 
Staph ij/ij'mn  simplex,  (F.)  Hijdrophlhalmie,  Hy- 
driijilnie  de  I'cnil.  Tiiis  affection  is  caused,  at 
times,  by  an  increase  in  the  quantity  of  the  aque- 
ous, at  others,  of  the  vitreous,  humour.  In  the 
former  case,  the  iris  i.s  concave  anteriorly,  and 
pushed  backwards:  —  in  the  latter,  it  is  cimvex, 
and  pushed  forwards.  Most  commonly,  tiie  dis- 
ease seems  to  depend  on  both  humours  a>  the 
same  time.  Ilydrophthalmia  sometimes  affects 
both  eyes ;  at  others,  only  one.  Children  are 
more  exposed  to  it  than  adults  or  old  persons. 
The  frentiiieiit  must  vary  according  to  the  cause  ; 
its  longer  or  shorter  duration  :  greater  or  less 
extent,  &c.  Hence,  according  to  circumstances, 
hydragoguc  medicines,  purgatives,  general  and 
local  blood-letting,  blisters,  setons,  moxa,  cup- 
ping-glasses, fomentations,  colly ria,  and  fumiga- 
tions of  different  kinils,  have  been  employed. 
AVhen  all  mciins  fail,  and  the  disease  continues 
to  make  progress,  the  tluid  may  be  .evacuated,  by 
a  puncture  made  with  a  cataract  needle  at  the 
lower  part  of  the  transparent  cornea. 

Hydkophthalmia,  Conical,  Staphyloma  of 
the  cornea. 

nYDROPHTHAL'MION'.  Same  etymon.  An 
oedematous  swelling  of  the  conjunctiva  in  hydro- 
pic persons. 

HYDROPHTHALMUS,  Hydrophthalmia— h. 
Crucntns,  H;rmoi)htha!mia. 

HYDROPHYLLUM  VERUM,  Hydrastis  Ca- 
nadensis. 

HYDROPHYSOCE'LE,  Byd<-<,pu,v,„ni„ce'n, 
from  'u(5(i)/),  '  water,'  (j>vaa,  '  wind,'  and  KrjXt),  '  a 
tumour.'  Hernia,  which  contains  a  serous  fluid 
and  gas. 

IIYDROPHYSOME'TRA,  from  'vf^i^p,  '  water.' 
(pvaaw,  'I  inflate,'  and  iirirpn,  'the  womb.'  A 
morbid  condition  of  the  womb,  in  which  brth 
fluid  and  air  are  contained  in  it. 

IIYDROP'IO,  Hydrop'iem,  Hy'pJiydmx,  Hy- 
dcr'iriin,  Hyden/dcn,  Bi-ap'tiriil,  (Sc.)  Edroppit, 
(F.)  Hydropiqne.  One  labouring  under  dropsy. 
Dinp'sied.  Relating  to  dropsy.  Also,  an  anti- 
hydropic,  and  a  hydragogue. 
"HYDROPIPER,  Polvsronum  hydropiper. 

HYDROPISrA.  Hydrops. 

HYDROPISIE,  Hydrops  —  *,  dn  Bns-rentre, 
Ascites — h.  Cm-dinqtie,  Dropsy,  cardiac — h.  Ceie- 
hrnle  enroi(jtie.  Apoplexy,  serous  —  h.  Tlfpnlique, 
Dropsy,  hepatic — h.  de  VCEil.  Hydrophthalmia  — 
h.  de  I'Ovriire,  Hydroarion — li.  dn  Pericnrde,  Hy- 
dropericardium — h.  dn  Perifoine,  Ascites — h.  dm 
Plevres,  Hydrothorax  —  h.  de  Poitriiie,  Hydro- 
thorax — h.  Rett'iJe,  Dropsy,  renal — li.  de  la  Vesi- 
ciilr  dn  Fifl.  Turgeseentia  vesica^  fellea>. 

HYDROPTSrS.  Hydrops— h.  Yera,  Anasarca. 

HYDROPT?:\IUS.' Hydrops. 

HYDROPLEriilE.  Hvdrothorax. 

HYDROPXEUMATOCELE.  Hydropbysncele. 

HYDROPXEFMOX.  Hvdropneumonia. 
■  H  Y  D  R  0  P  N  E  U  M  0  '  X  I  A,  Hydropnm'wo,!, 
(Eile'inn  pulmii'intm  chrnu'icniii,  llyihupa  pnhiio'- 
(iiini  seu  puhiio'iiitm  cellnlo'nux,  Annnnr'in  pulnm'- 
nnu),  from  'v^iop,  '  water,' and  irvti'itutv.  'the  luns.' 
Dropsical  inriltration  of  the  lungs.  See  (Edema 
of  the  lungs. 

IIYDROPNETTMOSAR'CA,  from  'vfu,i>,  'wa- 
ter,'  iri'tu/jK,  'wind,  air,'  and  <rap|,  'flesh.'   An  ab- 


IIYDROPNEUMOTIIORAX 


476 


HYDROSARCOCELE 


scess,  containing  water,  air,  and  matters  similar 
tu  flesh. — M.  A.  Severinus. 

HYDROPNEUMOTllO'RAX, //yr/cooe>o/)?fH- 
rie,  from  'viu>p,  'water,'  sv£i'//ur,  'the  lung,'  and 
Ouipaf,  'the  chest.'  Pneumothorax  with  etl'usion 
ot  blood  into  the  chest.     See  Pneumothorax. 

lIYDROPOi'DES,  from  'v&wfi,  'water,'  and 
TToiEu,  '  I  make.'  An  epithet  for  watery  excre- 
tions, such  as  sometimes  take  place  in  hydropics. 

IIYDROP'OTA,  Hydrop'otes,  Pota'tor  Aqiice, 
from  'viutp,  'water,'  and  norni,  *a  drinker.'  A 
v'liter  drinker.  One  who  drinks  only  water,  or 
drinks  it  in  an  extraordinary  quantity. 

HYDROPS,  from  'ui^up,  'water,'  Phlerjma'tia, 
IIii'deruH,  Ajfec'tiis  Jiyderu'des,  Hjjdrojj'isis,  Hy- 
dropin'i'a,  Jli/dropis'mus,  Hydrojj'sia,  Ilydror- 
rlue'a,  Hydror'rhoe,  Uydror'rhous,  PolyJiy'dria, 
Jfydrou'osus,  Hydronu'sns,  Dropsy,  Uy'dropay, 
(Old  Eng.)  Dropylc,  (F.)  Hydroplsie.  A  preter- 
nutural  collection  of  a  serous  fluid  in  any  cavity 
of  the  body,  or  in  the  areolar  texture.  M'hen  the 
areolar  texture  of  the  whole  body  is  more  or  less 
filled  with  fluid,  the  disease  is  called  Anasar'ca 
or  Lencojyiilegmu'tin  ;  —  and  when  this  variety  is 
local  or  partial,  it  is  called  CEdc'ma.  The  chief 
dropsies,  designated  from  their  seat,  are  • — Ann- 
S'lrca,  Hydrocephalus,  Hydrorachitis,  Hydrotho- 
mx,  Hydropericardium,  Ascites,  Hydrometra, 
Hydrocele,  &c,. 

Eticyst'ed  Dropsy,  Hydrops  sacca'tvs,  incarce- 
ra'tiis  seu  cys'ticits,  is  that  variety  in  which  the 
fluid  is  enclosed  in  a  sac  or  cyst;  so  that  it  has 
rio  communication  with  the  surrounding  parts. 
Dropsy  of  the  Ovarium,  Hydro2>s  seu  Asci'tes 
Ova'rii,  Asci'tes  sacca'tus,  is  an  instance  of  this 
variety. 

Dropsy  may  be  active  or  passive.  The  former 
consists  in  an  increased  action  of  the  exhalants, 
so  that  those  vessels  pour  out  much  more  fluid 
than  is  absorbed  :  the  latter  arises  from  a  state 
of  atony  of  the  absorbent  vessels,  which  allows 
of  an  accumulation  of  fluid.  It  niaj'  also  be  vie- 
chniiical,  or  produced  by  obstructions  to  the  cir- 
culation, as  in  cases  of  diseased  liver.  Active 
dropsy,  occurring  accidentally  in  a  sound  indi- 
ridual,  generally  ends  favourably.  That  which 
supervenes  on  other  diseases,  or  is  symptomatic 
of  some  internal  affection,  is  rarely  curalile. 

The  treatment  consists  in  the  use  of  all  those 
remedies  which  act  on  the  various  secretions  :  so 
that,  the  demand  being  increased,  the  supply  will 
have  to  be  increased  accordingly;  and  in  this 
manner  some  of  the  collected  fluid  may  bo  taken 
up  by  the  absorbents.  To  this  end  bleeding,  if 
the  dropsy  be  very  active  ;  purgatives,  diuretics, 
sudorifics,  sialogogues,  &c.,  are  the  remedies 
chiefly  depended  upon. 

IIvDROPS  Abdominis,  Ascites  —  h.  Abdominis 
aereus,  Tympanites  —  h.  Abdominis  saccatus,  see 
A.scites  —  h.  Anasarca,  Anasarca  —  h.  Anasarca 
acutus,  see  Anasarca  —  h.  ArachnoidciB,  Hydro- 
cephalus chronicus  —  h.  Articuloruni,  Hydrar- 
tlu-us  —  h.  Ascites,  Ascites  —  h.  Capitis,  Hydro- 
cephalus. Hydrocephalus  chronicus  —  h.  Car- 
diacus.  Dropsy,  cardiac  — h.  Cavitatis  colum- 
ne  vertebralis,  Hydrorachis  —  h.  Cellularis  ar- 
tuum,  CEdema— b.  Cellularis  totius  corporis,  Ana- 
sarca—  h.  Cellulosus,  Anasarca — h.  Cerebri, 
Hydrocephalus,  Hydrocephalus  internus— h.  Cu- 
taneus.  Anasarca  —  h.  Cvsticus,  see  Ascites,  and 
Hydrops— h.  Glottidis,  (Edema  of  the  Glottis— h. 
Hepaticus,  Dropsy,  hepatic— h.  Incarceratus,  see 
Hydrops — h.  Intercus,  Anasarca— h.  Leucophleg- 
matia,  Leucophlegmatia  — h.  ad  Matulam,  Dia- 
betes—  h.  Mediastini,  Hydromediastinum  —  h. 
Medullas  spinalis.  Hydrorachis— h.  MatellEC,  Dia- 
betes—h.  Oculi,  Hydrophthalmia — h.  Ovarii,  Hy- 
drnarion,  see  Hydrops — h.  Palpebrsv,  Hydroble- 
pharon— h.  Pectoris,  Uydrothorax— h.  Pericardii, 


Hydropericardium — h.  Plcursv,  Hydrolhf>rax — h. 
Pulmonis,  Hydrothorax — h.  Puluionuni,  llydrn- 
pneumonia,  G'alema  of  the  Lungs — h.  PiiliiKiiinm 
cellulosus,  Hydropnoumonia — h.  Kenalis,  iJropsy, 
renal — h.  Saccatus,  see  Hydrops — h.  Sacci  Imrl  - 
malis.  Fistula,  lacryinalis — li.  Scroti,  Hydriiculc— 
h.  Siccus  et  tiatulentus,  Tympanites  —  h.  Spinie, 
Hydrorachis — h.  Spina'  vertebralis,  Hydrorachis 
— h.  Subcutaneous,  Anasarca — h.  Tchc  cellulosa;, 
Anasarca — h.  Testiculurum,  Hydrocele — li.  'J'lio. 
racis,  Hydrothorax  —  h.  Tuharum  Falhipii,  Hy- 
drosalpinx—  li.  Tympani,  Hydroiiiyri)i;;a  —  li. 
Tympanites,  Tyraitanites  —  h.  Unibilicalis,  Jly. 
dromphalum — h.  Uteri.  Hydrometra — li.  Vesituj 
fellert!,  Turgescentia  vosicuke  fuUea;. 

HYDRO  PS  r  A,  Hydrops. 

HYDROPSY.  Hydrops. 

HYDROPYR'ETOS,  from  'viu,^,  'water,'  and 
iTvptToi,  'fever;'  Fehris  sudoto'  ri(t.  Fevi  r  with 
sweating.  Hidropyretos  wnxxXdhti  more  proper; 
from  'i^pa){,  'sweat.'     See  Sudor  Anglicus. 

HYDRORA'CHIS,  from  't&^p,  -water,'  and 
pa^ii,  'the  spine.'  Hydrorrho'chis,  Jlyilroru- 
chi'tis,  Hi/drorrha'chin,  Myeloch'ysis,  Hydrops 
Cavita'tis  Columna:  Vertehra'lis  seu  Sjiiiim  rcrle- 
bra'lis  seu  medul'loB  spiuo'lis  seu  spiucB,  Ilyiliv- 
ce'le  8})iua'lis,  Hydroruchi'tls  spiiio'sa.  An  eS'u- 
sion  of  serum,  often  owing  to  inflammation  of  the 
spinal  membranes  —  myeU'tis  e.rsudoli'ra  —  aiid 
forming  a  soft,  frequently  transparent,  tumour, 
constituted  of  the  membranes  of  the  sjiinal  niiir- 
row,  which  are  distended  and  projecting  back- 
wards from  the  verteliral  canal,  the  posterior 
paries  of  which,  when  the  affection  is  congenital, 
is  wanting  to  a  certain  extent  —  Spiim  bifida, 
Ateloraehid'ia,  Hydrora'chis  dehia'ceus  seu  '.■«»- 
(jeti'itn,  Schistnrrha'cliie,  Spi'nohi.  The  disease 
is  often  accompanied  with  paralysis  pf  the  lower 
extremities.  It  is  congenital,  and  situate  in  the 
lumbar  or  sacral  regions.  It  is  almost  always 
fatal:  —  the  tumour  rui)turing,  and  death  occur- 
ring instantaneously.  On  dissection,  a  simple 
separation  or  complete  absence  of  the  P()inous 
processes  of  the  vertebrae  is  perceived,  with,  at 
times,  destruction  or  absence  of  spinal  marrow. 
The  treatment  is  the  same  as  in  hydrocepjholus 
chronicus  ;  and,  as  in  it,  advantage  seems  oe<  a- 
sionally  to  have  been  derived  by  puncturing  with 
a  fine  needle. 

HYnuonAcms  Dehiscens,  see  Hydrorachis. 

HYDRORACHITIS,  Hydrorachis. 

HYDROKCHIS,  Hydrocele. 

HYDRORENALE  DISTENSION,  Ilydro- 
ne])hrosis. 

HYDRORRHACHIA,  Hydrorachis. 

HYDRORRHACHIS,  H'ydrorachis  — h.  Con- 
genita, see  Hydrorachis  —  h.  Dehiscens,  see  Hy- 
drorachis. 

HYDRORRHAGIE,  Apoplexy,  serous. 

HYDRORRHOE,  Hydrops. 

HYDRORRHCEA,  Hydrops.  Also,  a  copious 
watorv  discharge. — as  from  the  vagina. 

HYDRORiniOUS,  Hydrops. 

HYDRORTHOPNffi'A,  from  'v!>wp,  'water,' 
and  opOoTTioia,  'difBculty  of  breathing,  except  in 
the  erect  posture.'  Orthopnoca,  owing  to  a  col- 
lection of  water  in  the  chest. 

HYDROSAC'CHARUiM,  Aqua  sncehnra'ta, 
(¥.)  E<ui  sucree.     Sugared  water. 

HYDROSAL'PINX,  Hydrops  tuha'rum  F<fllo'. 
pii ;  from  'v^wp,  'water,'  and  aa\-iy^,  'a  tulic.' 
Dropsy  of  the  Fallopian  tube. 

HYDROSAR'CA,  from  'v<5w/3,  'water,'  and  ff«pf, 
'flesh.'  A  tumour  containing  a  fluid,  as  well  as 
portions  of  flesh.     Also,  Anasarca. 

HYDROSARCOCE'LE,  from  'vfi„p,  'water,' 
trap^,  'flesh,' and  <o?A»7,  'a  tumour.'  Sorcohydro- 
ce'le.  A  tumour,  formed  by  a  sareocele,  compli- 
cated with  dropsj  of  the  tunica  vaginalis. 


IIYUROSCIIEOCELE 


477 


nYGRO ME  T III C ITS 


TTYDROSCHEOCE'LE,  Oiihruce'le  aquo'sa, 
from  'v^uip,  'water,'  oaxiov,  'the  scrotum,'  iind 
KTiKn,  'rupture.'  A  collection  of  water  in  the 
ijcrotum.     IlyiJrocele. 

//  YltROSClIKONIE,  Hydrocele, 
JIYDRO.SCIIEUM.  Hydrocele. 
IIYOROSIS,  Ilidrnsis. 

HYDROSTATIC  TEST  OF  INFANTICIDE, 
see  l)o'-iiiiiisi;i — h.  BimI.  Water  bed. 

HYDllOSUDOPATIIY,  Hvdrosudotherapeia. 
HYDROSUDOTHERAPEI'A,  Hijdrop'athi/, 
Jfi/dropiithi'a,  Ifi/tlroiiitl(ijj'<ithy,  Ili/dri'aiiis,  Am 
h  ijili-idt'  rica,  JJi//li!(itrt'n,  Hifdritotliernpei'a, 
Jhjdrothrriipei'o,  Wnter  cure,  (G.)  W  as  s  er  k  u  r, 
frnm  'vfiiip,  'water,'  swlo,  'I  sweat,'  and  Ocpaztvij), 
'  I  remedy.'  A  badly  compounded  word,  formed 
to  express  the  mode  of  treatin;;  diseases  syste- 
matically by  cold  water,  sweating,  &c. 

IIYDROSULPHURET'TED  WATER,  Aqua 
hydroiiiili>liura'ta  aiiiijjlejc,  A.  Iiep'tt' !ct(,  (F.)  Emi 
hi/drusiilphtiree  simple.  (Sii/phnret  of  iron  1000 
parts,  sulphuric  urid  2000  parts,  distilled  water 
4000  parts  ;  add  the  water  to  the  acid,  and  put 
the  sulphuret  of  iron  into  a  retort,  to  which  a 
Wolffs  apparatus  of  five  or  si.K  vessels  is  adapted  ; 
the  last  containing  about  an  ounce  of  potassa, 
dissolved  in  a  quart  of  water.  Pour  tlie  diluted 
acid  gradually  on  the  sulphuret,  and,  ultimately, 
throw  away  the  water  in  the  last  vessel.  P/i.  P.) 
It  is  stimulant,  diaphoretic,  and  doobstruent  [?], 
and  is  used  in  rheumatism,  diseases  of  the  skin, 
Ac. 

It  has  been,  also,  called  Ac"!dum  Hydrothion' - 
iciim  liif  iiidiim. 

HYDROSULPHTIRETUM  AMMONIACALE 
AQUOSUiM,  AmmoniiB  sulphurctum — h.  Ammo- 
niacum,  Ammoniaj  sulphuretnm. 

HYDROTIIERAPEIA,  Hydrosndotherapeia. 
HYDROTirrON,  Hydrogen,  sulphuretted. 
HYDROTHO'RAX,'  from  'v^mo,  'water,'  and 
Ooipa^,  'the  chest.'  IL/drops  Thora'cis  seu  pnc.'- 
tnris  seu  pidino'itis  seu  pleura,  Slelhoch'i/sis, 
J'leiirorrlice'n  hjniphnt' icn  seu  sero'sri,  Di/spiifi''a 
et  OithopiKp'a  lnjdrothornc"icn,  (P.)  Hi/ilrojiisie 
dc  Poltriiie  on  dcs  I'levres,  Dropii/  of  the  Chest. 
Idiopathic  hydrothorax,  termed,  by  Laennec,  Hy- 
dropisie  dea  plerres,  Dropsy  of  the  PleurcB,  —  by 
Piorry,  Ilydroplevrie,  —  is  a  rare  disease,  and 
difficult  of  diagnosis.  It  generally  exists  onlj' 
on  one  side,  which,  if  the  fluid  elfused  be  con- 
siderable, projects  more  than  the  other.  Dysp- 
ncea,  and  fluctuation  perceptible  to  the  ear,  are 
characteristic  symptoms.  When  the  chest  is 
examined  with  the  stethoscope,  respiration  is 
found  to  be  wanting  every  where,  except  at  the 
root  of  the  lung.  The  sound  is  also  dull  on  per- 
cussion. 

Effusion  into  the  chest,  as  a  result  of  inflam- 
mation of  some  thoracic  viscns,  is  as  common  as 
the  other  is  rave.  It  is  usually  a  fatal  symptom. 
It  has  been  called  symptomntic  hydrothorax. 

In  hydrothora.\,  the  course  of  treatment  proper 
in  dropsies  in  general  must  be  adopted.     Diure- 
tics seem,  here,  to  he  especially  useful  ;  probably 
on  account  of  the  great  activity  of  pulmonary  ab- 
sorptiiin.     Paracentesis  can  rarely  be  serviceable. 
IIvDitoTiioitAX    CiiYLOSi;s,    Chylothorax  —  h. 
Piindentus,  Empyema. 
HYDKOTICA,"  Hydragogues. 
IIYDHO'TIS,  from  'viu>p,  'water,' and  on?,  gen. 
wTOf,   'the  ear.'     Dropsy   of  the  ear.     Properl}', 
nn   accumulation    of  mucous    or   muco-purulent 
liiattcr  in  the  middle  ear. 
HYDUnRESTS.  Diabetes. 
HYDRUKIA.  Diabetes,  see  Urine. 
HYEllKS.     This  small  town,  agreeably  situ- 
ate on  the  (h'clivity  of  a  hill,  about  two  miles  from 
the  ileJitcrrancan,  and  twelve  from  Toulon,  is 


the  least  exceptionable  residence  in  Provence  for 
the  pulmonary  invalid.  It  is  in  some  iiiea>ur3 
protected  from  the  northerly  winds;  but  not  sufii- 
ciently  so  from  the  mistral  to  render  it  a  very 
desirable  residence  for  the  phthisical. — Sir  James 
Clark. 

HY'OEA,  Hygiene,  Sanitas. 
IIY(tKtA,  Sanitas. 
HYCiEISAIUS,  Hygiene. 
IIYGEOLOGY,  Hygiene. 
HYGIANSIS,  Sanitas. 
HYGIASTS,  Sanitas. 
HY(iIASMA,  Medicament. 
HYGIAS'TICA  DOCTRI'NA.     The   doctrine 
of  health.     The  doctrine  of  the  restoration  of 
health. 

HYGIASTICUS,  Salutary. 
HYGIEA,  Sanitas. 

HY(iIErA.  Hygiene,  Sanitas. 

HYOIKTNUS",  Salutary. 

HYGIEIOLOGIA,  Hygiene. 

HYGIENE  (F.),.  (generally  Anglicised,  Hy- 
(p'etie,  and  pronounced  hycjeeDe),  from  'vyiua, 
'health.'  Hyijeis'nms.  Uyijiei'ne,  Hytjie'sis,  Uy- 
giei'u  ;  Ilyijie'a,  Hyyei'u,  Hytjiene,  Hyipen' ivs,  Me- 
dicinn  roiiservati' va  sou  diasos'tica,  Hyyetdog" in, 
HyijieioUirj" id .Hygeol' (xjy,!! yiyioV oijy ;  Irum  'I'yi?)?, 
'healthy.'  The  part  of  medicine  whose  object  is 
the  preservation  of  health.  It  embraces  a  know- 
ledge of  healthy  man,  both  in  society  and  indi- 
vidually, as  well  as  of  the  objects  used  and  cm- 
ployed  by  him,  with  their  influence  on  his  consti- 
tution and  organs.     Sue  Regimen. 

HY^GIENTC,  (F.)  Ilygieniqne.  Same  etymon. 
Relating  to  Hygiene  —  as  'hyjienic  precautions, 
hygienic  rules,'  &c.  &c. 

HYGIENICS,  Hygiene. 

HYGIENIQUE,  Hygienic. 

IIYGIKN'IST.  One  who  understands  the 
principles  of  hygiene. 

HYGIERUS,'Salutary. 

HYGIESIS,  Hygiene. 

HYGIOLOGY,  Hygiene. 

HY^GRA,  froiu  'c^wp,  'water,'  or  'vypos,  'hu- 
mid.'     Lic(uid  plasters  ; — Fiygrenqylas'tra. 

HYGRASIA,  Humour. 

HYGRECHE'MA,  from  'vypof,  'humid,'  and 
exvit-n,  'sound;'  Sou'itus  fln'ldi.  The  sound  of 
fluiil.  heard  by  auscultation,  or  otherwise. 

HYCiREDON,  Humour. 

HY(5 REM PLA ST R A,  Hvgra. 

HYGRODLEPHAR'ICr,  from  'vypo^,  'humid,' 
and  ffXc'fapov,  'eye-lid;'  Hygrophthiil' mici.  Tlie 
excretory  duets  of  the  lachrymal  gland  have  been 
so  called. 

HYGROBRONCHIORRIIONCHUS,  llCde  mu- 
qiieii.r. 

HYGROCATARAC'TA:  from  'vypos,  'humid,' 
and  KaTapaKTtii,  'cataract;'  Cutarnc'ta  Uq'uido. 
Liquid  or  fluid  cataract. 

lIYGROCETiE.  llvdrocirsocele. 

HYGROCOLLYRIA.  see  Collyrium. 

HYGROCYSTIS,  Hydatid. 

HYGROI/OGY',  HyproJo<,"in,  from  'vypo^,  'hu- 
mid,'and  \oyoi,  'a  discourse.'  The  anatomy  of 
the  fluids  of  the  body. 

IIYGRO'MA,  from  'wypoj,  'humid.'  Tiininr 
cys'ticits  scro'siis,  Cys'tis  sero'sa.  Dropsy  of  the 
bursfp  mucosie. 

HYGROJIET'RIC,  Tfygromet'riciis,  (F.)  Hy- 
grumefriqiie.  Same  etymon  as  the  next.  Rela- 
ting or  appertaining  to  hygrometry. 

IlYfiROMKTnic  Property  of  an  organized  tissue, 
(F.)  Hyr/romelrieite,  is  that  by  which  it  gives  off 
to  the  air,  and  receives  from  it  moisture  under 
varying  conditions  of  that  medium. 

HYGROMETRICITE,  Hygrometric  prop- 
erty. 


HYGROMETRY 


478 


IIYOlDES  OS 


Ma- 


and 


HYGROM'ETRY,   Hygromct'n'a,  Hi/groxcop'-^ 
4n ;  from   ^vyooi;,   'humid,'  and  yiriTpov,  'measure.' 
The  part  of  physics  which  concerns  the  measure- 
ment of  the  dryness  or  humidity  of   the  atmo- 
sphere.    It  is  probable,  that  diseases  are  as  fre- 
quently caused  by  the  varying  moisture  of  the 
atmosphere  or  by  changes  in  its  weight  or  tem- 
perature.    The  fn/ijronieter  ought,  consequently, 
to  form  part  of  every  apparatus  for  medical  me- 
teorological observations. 
HYGKON,  Liquor. 
HYciROPIIOBrA.  Hydrophobia. 
HYGllOPHTHAL'MIA,  from  'vypo<,  'humid,' 
and  u<i;e,i\iiia,  'inflammation  of  the  eye.'     Oph- 
thalmia with  much  lachrvmation. 

HYGROPIITIIALMIOI,  Hygroblepharici. 
HYGROPISSOP,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 
HYGKOSCOPIA,  Hygroraetry. 
HYGROTES,  Humour,  Liquor. 
HYGRUM,  Humour. 
HY'LE,  'uXj7,  3late'r!a,  'Matter.  Wood.' 
teriii  Medica;  also,  the  Philosopher's  stone. 
Hyle  Tatrice,  Materia  Medica. 
HYLTSIS,  Colatio. 
HYLISMUS,  Colatio. 
HYLISTER,  Colatorium. 
HYLOPH'AGOUS,    from    'vXr,,    'wood,' 
(payti),  '  I  eat.'     One  that  feeds  upon  the  young 
shoots  of  trees,  roots,  &c.     Hylophagous  tribes 
yet  exist  in  some  parts  of  Africa. 

HYMEN,  'vixrjv,  which  signifies  'marriage,' 
'  nuptial  song,'  '  membrane  or  pellicle.'  Claus- 
trnm  seu  Flos  seu  Si(jil'lniii  seu  Cimto'din  seu  Co- 
Inm'na  seu  Zaiia  virgitntd'flK,  FI<ik  vh-ginrt'lis, 
Virr/iii'ia,  Cir'cuhin  menibrniio'siis,  Ii>ict<>n,  Iiiter- 
sep'tum  virgiun'/e,  Cento  virgina'Ux,  Argnmen'tum 
Integnta'tis,  Mian'meii'tnm  seu  Zotiix  Qintita'tis, 
Paiiin'c'iiliig  hymeiKs'its  seu  viyghia'lis,  Etigion, 
VdVvula  seu  3lembrini'i(la  liino'tit  fagiiiee.  Vir'- 
ginnl  mambrdiie.  The  semilunar,  parabolic,  or 
"circular  fold,  situate  at  the  outer  orifice  of  the 
vagina  in  virgins,  especially  during  youth,  and 
prior  to  menstruation.  This  membrane  is  ordi- 
narily ruptured  by  the  first  venereal  act,  and  is 
effaced  by  accouchement;  some  irreguhir  flaps 
remaining,  to  which  the  name  Cnrini'rulcB  3li/i-- 
tifor'mes  has  been  given  by  reason  of  their  re- 
semblance to  the  leaves  of  the  myrtle.  Many 
circumstances  of  an  innocent  character  may  oc- 
casion a  rupture  or  destruction  of  this  membrane. 
It  is  often,  indeed,  found  absent  in  children  soon 
after  birth;  whilst  it  moy  remain  entire  after  co- 
pulation. Hence  the  presence  of  the  hymen  does 
not  absolutely  prove  virginitj' ;  nor  does  its  ab- 
sence prove  incontinence  ;  although  its  presence 
would  be  pci'"ia/((c)e  evidence  of  continence. 

Hymen,  Membrane — h.  Diaphratton,  Mediasti- 
num. 

HYMEN^A,  see  Copal  —  h.  Courbaril,  see 
Anime. 

HYMEN'ICA  AMENORRIICE'A.  Amenor- 
rhoea  occasioned  V)y  closure  of  the  hymen. 

HYMEN'ICUS,  N;/meiio'(hn,  from  'u/zjjv,  ' hy- 
men,' &o.  Relating  to  the  hymen.  Also,  mem- 
branous. 

HYMENI'TIS,  from  'd/jj;i',  'a  membrane,'  and 
itin,  denoting  inflammation.  Membranous  in- 
flammation. Inflammation  of  an  internal  mem- 
brane. 

HYME'NIUM,    ifemhran'iila,    diminutive    of 
'vjtriv,  'a  membrane.'    A  fine,  delicate  membrane. 
HYMENODES.  Ilvmenicus. 
HYMEXOGANGLIITIS,  Cholera. 
HYMENOG"ENY,  Ifi/n,eiwge>,'ia,  (P.)  Hpn^- 
iiogein'e,  from  'vfiriv,  'a  membrane,'  and  ytwaw,  'I 
engender.'    The  production  of  membranes  by  the 
effect  of  simple  contact  of  two  liquids,  as  albu- 
men and  fat,  when  the  former  gives  a  coating  to 
the  globules  of  the  latter. — Aseherson. 


I'.YMENOG'RAPIIY,  irywcuogro'phh,,  from 
'u^»!>,  '  a  membrane,'  and  yyatiiiD,  '  1  descrilie.' 
That  part  of  anatomy  whose  object  is  the  descrip- 
tion of  the  different  membranes. 

IIYMENOL'OGY,  }Ii/menolog"w,  from  'vjinv, 
a   nieuihrane,'    and    \oyoi,    'a   description.'    A 
treatise  on  the  membranes. 

IIYMENOPIITIIALMIA,  Ophthalmia  mcm- 
branarnm. 

H  Y  M  E  N  0  R  '  RHAPIIY,  Jhjwetiorrha'plrw  ; 
from  'vfirtv,  '  the  hymen,'  and  pn^rj,  '  a  suture'  A 
form  of  elytrorrhaphy,  in  which  the  operation  is 
performed  in  the  natural  situation  of  the  hymen. 
HYMENOT'OMY,  Hymcnotom'in,  from  "'u/j.,*, 
'a  membrane,'  and  Ttjxva,  'I  cut,' '  I  dissect.' 
The  part  of  anatomy  which  treats  of  the  dissec- 
tion of  the  membranes.  The  term  has  also  been 
applied  to  the  incision  of  the  hymen,  practised  in 
certain  cases  of  imperforation  of  the  vagina,  in 
order  to  give  exit  to  the  blood  retained  ami  ac- 
cumulated in  the  cavitv  of  the  uterus. 
IIYMNIUM,  Amnios. 

IIYO  :  in  composition,  an  abridgment  of  Ily. 
oides  OS. 

HYOBASIOGLOSSUS,  Basioglossus. 
IIYOCHONDROGLOSSUS,  Ilyoglossus. 
IIYODEOGLOSSUS,  Hyoglossus. 
,  HYODEOTHYREODES,  Thyreohyoidcus. 
HYODES,  Hvoides. 

HYODEPIGLOTTICUS,  Hyo-epiglottieus. 
II  Y  0-EPIGLOT'T  I  C  U  S,  Bijodeplglnflicui. 
Belonging  to  the  os  hyoides  and  epiglottis.  Some 
anatomists  have  given  the  name  Hyo-epigUtttie 
ligatiietit  to  a  bundle  of  condensed  areolar  tissue, 
wliich  passes  from  the  posterior  part  of  the  body 
of  the  hyoid  bone  to  the  base  of  the  eiiiglotlio 
fibro-cartilage. 

HYO-GLOSSO-BASI-PIIAB  YNGIEK, 
Constrictor  pharyngis. 

HYOGLOS'SUS,  %o'f?eo-j??o««M«,Wyo-f^oHrfj-o- 
gloKS}ifi,  HtjpailogJossus,  Cer'nto-glofmvH  of  Douglass 
and  Cowper :  Bdslo-Cerato-Chondro-glonsnH.  A 
large,  thin,  quadrilateral  muscle,  situate  at  the 
anterior  and  superior  part  of  the  neck.  Its  in- 
sertions at  three  different  points  of  the  os  hyoides 
permit  it  to  be  divided  into  three  portions: — the 
firnt,  {Cer<ito-g!onsi(s  of  Albinus)  is  attached  to 
the  great  cornu  of  the  os  hyoides:  the  nenmd, 
[B(iii!o-ghi88un  of  Albinus,)  arises  from  the  supe- 
rior part  of  the  body  of  the  same  bone;  and  the 
third,  (Cho7)dro-gIo>--Hii8  of  Albinus.)  arises  from 
the  lesser  cornu  and  the  cartilage,  situate  between 
the  body  and  the  greater  cornu.  The  fibres  of 
these  three  bundles  are  inserted  into  the  lateral 
and  inferior  parts  of  the  tongue.  This  muscle 
depresses  the  base  of  the  tongue,  or  raises  the  os 
hyoides,  when  the  toneue  is  fixed. 

HYO  TIIYREOiDEUS,  Thyreo-hyoideus. 
HYO-TIIYROID,  Thvreo-hyoid. 
HYOID  BONE,  Hyoides,  os. 
HYOi'DES  OS,  Os  nUor'ne  seu  Jn/pse!<,Vde> 
seu  Lam}id(n'd(is  sen  Out'turis  seu  Giitliirn'le  seu 
LiiigniB  seu  Liiujiid'le,  Upsilo'i'df-s,  Ypsilo'iden. 
The  Hyoid  Bone;  from  the  Greek  v,  and  ciioi, 
'shape.'  IlyoVdevs,  Hyo'des,  The  hyoid  hone 
is  a  very  movable,  osseous  arch;  of  a  parabolic 
shape  ;  convex  before,  and  suspended  horizontally 
in  the  substance  of  the  soft  parts  of  the  reck, 
betw^een  the  base  of  the  tongue  and  the  larynx. 
This  bone,  separated  entirely  from  the  rest  of  tlio 
skeleton,  is  composed  of  five  distinct  portii'iif, 
susceptible  of  motion  on  each  other.  Ihc  first,  and 
most  centr;il,  is  the  body  of  the  hyoid,  Oxii<'idvm 
me'dium  HyoVdis,  which  afl'ords  attachment  to 
several  muscles ;  the  two  others  are  lateral,  and 
bear  the  name  of  braiiehrs  or  greater  eorviio. 
The  last  two  are  smaller,  situate  above  the  other, 
and  are  known  under  the  name  lesser  cortnni  and 
styloid   cor)iua,   the    Ossa  2'>i'for'mia    livgna'Ua 


II  YOlDEUS 


479 


HYPERCENOSIS 


of  Sominering,    Omia    seu    Grnun    seu    Oiiic'nla 
sell   Cor'/jorti  sou  Corpua'cula   iril{i:"ea.     The   OS 
hyoifles  is  os'sified  from  five  points. 
IlYoiDKS  PitiMiJS,  Sterneo-hyoideus. 

IIYOIDEUS,  Hjdides. 

IIYOIDIS  QUARTUS  MUSCULUS,  Orao- 
hyoi'leus. 

IIYOSCY'AMUS,  from  'uj,  'a  swine,'  and 
Kvaitos,  'a  bean.'  Fabn  snil'la,  Bent/i,  Jiinrjni'a- 
111111,  IfyoHiy'imiin  niijer  sou  <v/rei'tin,  AjioUIna'- 
rii,  Alter' cnin,  Ar/'otte,  Altercftii'yvtioii,  Hi:)iljnne, 
/'(jiKOit  Tiihdc'co,  Stiukiiui  tiiylituhitde,  (F.)  Jus- 
nuliiinne,  Fl'i'f  n  Covhini,  Jlmiiiebiiiie,  f'oNlee,  Por- 
celel.  Old.  Solanaeeae.  The  leaves,  Hijan'-t/ami 
Fii'lin  (Ph.  U.  S.),  and  seeds,  Hi/oHci/'anii  Semen 
(Ph.  U.  S.),  are  the  parts  used  in  medicine. 
Thi;ir  odour  is  narcotic  and  peculiar;  taste  in- 
sipid and  mucilaginous.  The  virtues  are  yielded 
to  proof  spirit.  Ilyoscyamus  is  narcotic,  ano- 
dyne, antispasmodic,  and  slightly  stimulant.  It 
is  used  iis'a  substitute  for  opium,  where  the  hitter 
disagrees;  and  is  applied,  externally,  as  a  cata- 
plasm in  cancer  and  glandular  swellings.  Dose, 
gr.  iij  to  .X  of  the  powder.  An  alkiiloid  was  ob- 
tained from  it  by  Brandes,  Ilyoncyitinine,  Jiis- 
qniitniine. 

IIvoscvAMUS  Agurstis,  Ilyoscyamus. 

IlYoscvAMrs  Albus,  'White  Heiibdiie,  possesses 
fiiinitiir  virtues. 

Hyoscyamus  LtiTRtis,  Nicotinna  rustica — h. 
Ni'„'cr,  Ilyoscyamus  —  h.  Peruvianus,  !Nicotiana 
tahiu'um. 

IIyoscYAMCS  Bro\>o'lAA,S<r'prili'iia  (ttropdV deK. 
The  herb  and  root  of  this  plant,  which  grows  in 
Illyriii,  Hungary,  Croatia,  (Jallizia,  and  Uavaria, 
arc  used  in  the  same  cases  as  belladonna.  Doso 
of  the  powder,  half  n  grain. 

HYPACTICUS.  Cathartic. 

IIYP^E'MIA,  from  'vro,  'beneatli,'  and  'aijin, 
'blnod;'  Hi//)ii(b'>iiu(,  H>/poIia>'iiiia,  Ollija;'  min, 
Oli</'iIi(B'miii,  Aiice'iiiia.  Deficiency  of  blood. — 
Anilral.     Also,  extravasation  of  blood. 

IIyp.timia  Ociii.i,  IlaMnDphthahuia. 

IIYPAGO({R.  Dejection. 

lIYPACncJUS,  Laxative. 

HYPALEIM'MA,  Jliipniim'ma.  Hypnfcip'fum, 
J/ij/iiilip'tiini,  fr<jm  'v77«>Mi^w,  'I  anoint.'  An 
ointment  or  liniment  to  bo  rubbed  or  si)read  on 
a  part. 

IIYPALEIPTKTS.  Hvriileipt'-um. 

IIYPALKIP'TIIOX.  ifyi>a/e!p'tni»>,ffi/palei2i- 
triH,  JIi/piilij>'trii)ii,  Spri-il'liini,  Spath<t.  A  sort 
of  sjintula  fir  spreading  ointments. — Hippocrates. 

IIVPALEIPTRl'M.  nvpnleii)tron. 

IIYPALKIPTUM.  Ilvpaloimma. 

IIYPAMMMA.  HvpalcimMia. 

llYPAMPTKUM.'lIvpaleiptron. 

IIYPAMAURO'SIS,  from  'utto.  'under,'  and 
(tmniiinniii ;  Ainnni(>'nii  impel fec'ta.  Imperfect 
amaurosis :   ^fel^<ltllrllll^o'llin. 

IIYPANCO'NUIM,  from  'v-to,  'beneatli,' and 
iiyKbiv,  '  the  elbow.'  A  pillow  for  supporting  the 
elbow  in  sur;rical  cases. 

HYPAPOPLKX'IA,  from  'viro.  'under,'  and 
a/i'itilf.riii.     An  inr-omplete  attack  of  apoplexy. 

IlVPATMIS.Mrs,  Fumigation. 

IIVPATM  US.  Fumiiration. 

IIYPAITCHE'XIUM,  from  'v^o.  'under,'  and 
au\riv,  'the  neck.'  A  pillow  or  cushion  for  the 
ne  1;. 

MYPErCIIOR  ESTS.  Dejection. 

IIYPECCHORETfCUS,  Laxative. 

IIYPl'^LATUS.  Cathartic,  Laxative. 
IIYPKXANTrO,:\lA,  Allopathy. 
HYPEXANTIOSIS.  Allopathy. 
IIYPE'NE.   'arrtvi-     The  beard   which    grows 
under  the  chin,   according  to  some.     Also,   the 
upper  lip. — Vesalius.     See  Mystax. 


IIYPENETES,  Adolescens. 

HYPER,  'vTrtp,  'above,'  'in  excess.'     Hence: 

H  Y  P  E  R  .A  0  U  '  S  I  S,  O.ryecni'n,  Hyperac'oe, 
Phlhoiiyodyiiplio'iio,  from  hyper,  and  ukoj],  'au- 
dition.' Excessive  sensibility  of  the  organ  of 
hearing. 

IIYPERADENO'SIS,  Hyperadeno'ma,  Hyper- 
troph'ia  (jhiiidida'rvni,  from  hyper,  and  ixhi)V,  "a 
gland.'     Ilvpertrophv  of  a  gland. 

HYPER^ZE'MIA,  'Hyperhet'min,  H(rmor;iie'si«, 
(F.)  Jlyj'eremie,  Auijinhf  iiiit,hom  hyper,  and  'nifia, 
'  blood.'  Preternatural  accumulation  of  Idood  in 
the  capillary  vessels,  more  especially  local  ple- 
thora— pletho'ra  prtrtid'lis  :  congelation. — Andral. 
Various  forms  of  hyperemia  are  admitted  by  pa- 
thologists,—  for  example,  the  oetire  or  ntheiric ; 
as  in  the  phlegmasiac,  —  the  asthenic  or  pnssire, 
from  weakness  of  vessels;  the  cadnverie,  or  that 
which  forms  immediately  before  or  after  death  ; 
and  the  hypostatic,  which  occurs  in  depending 
parts. 

IlYPEn^EMiA  Abdomots,  Coelia^mia — h.  Activa, 
Inflammation — h.  Cai)itis,  Cephaluniia — h.  of  the 
Brain,  Stethivmia  — h.  Cerebri,  Cephahieinia — h. 
Pectoris,  Stethwmia — h.  Pulnionum,  Stctha'mia 
—  h.  of  the  Lungs,  Stethaeniia  —  h.  Ilcjiatic,  He- 
patoliietnia. 

HYPERyE'MIC,  Hypera-'wieux,  Ilyperce'minl, 
Cdiir/fn'trd,  I!l<i<,dK]i(it.     Affected  with  hyperemia. 

liYPERyESTIlESIA,  Hypera-sthesis— h.  Lin- 
guic,  Ilypergeustia — h.  Olfactoria,  Hyperosphre- 
sia — h.  Plexus  cardiaci.  Angina  {lecloris. 

HYPERJiSTIIE'SrS,  Hyperep.xthcF'nia,  Oxy- 
anthe'nitt,  (F.)  Hyperexthenie,  from  hyper,  and 
ataSrjcTis,  'the  faculty  of  feeling.'  Excessive  sen- 
sibility, impressibility,  or  passibilitv. 

IIYPERiESTHET'ICA,  same  etymon.  Agents 
that  are  conceived  to  augment  general  sensibility 
— as  strychnia,  brucia,  Ac.     I'ereira. 

HYPERANARRHOPIIE'SIS,  from  hyper,  and 
ai/iip(io(h)i(!tf.  '  absorption.'     Excessive  absorption. 

HYPERANTIIERA  MORINGA,  Guilandina 
moringa. 

HYPERANTIIRAXIS,  see  Cholera. 

HYPERAPH'IA,  Oxyaph'?.,  Oxyaph'ia,  from 
hyper,  and  'aipr\,  '  touch.'  Excessive  acuteness 
of  touch. 

HYPERAPHRODIS'IA,from  hyper,  and  A^po- 
hnr),  'Venus.'     Excessi\e  venereal  desire. 

HYPER ASTHENI'A,  ixo\\\hyper,  and  aoQixua, 
'weakness.'     Excessive  debility. 

HYPERAUXE'SIS,  from  hyper,  and  avfi/aij, 
'augmentation.'  Hyjierepid'naiH.  Excessive  in- 
crease or  enlargement  of  a  part,  as  Hypcrmixe'sis 
I'ridis,  an  excessive  enlargement  of  the  iris,  so 
as  to  stop  up  the  pujiil. 

HYPERBOL'IC  (alti/ude),  from  hype?;  and 
/?uAAw,  'I  throw.'  'Excessive.'  Galen,  by  this 
term,  designates  certain  extraordinary  attitudes, 
in  which  the  limbs  and  vertebral  column  are  in  ft 
state  of  complete  extension  or  flexion. 

IIYPERBO'REAN,  from  hyper,  and  /So.om?, 
'the  north  wind.'  A  race  of  men  found  at  the 
extreme  north  of  the  two  continents,  in  the  vicin- 
ity of  the  polar  circle.  It  includes  the  Thibetans, 
Osfiaks,  Kamtschadales,  Lajjlanders,  Samoiedes, 
Esquimaux.  Ac. 

IlYPERIiU'LTA,  from  hyper,  and  Pov^r,,  'will.' 
Ungovernable  will  or  volition. 

HYPERCARDIA,  Heart,  hypertrophy  of  the. 
HYPERCARDIOTROPHIA,  Heart,  hypertro- 
phy of  the. 

HYPERCATAPINO'SIS.  from  hyper,  and  <fa7-,j- 
Tttveiv,  '  to  sip  up.'  Excessive  activity  of  absorp- 
tion. 

HYPERCATHAR'SIS,  Nyperine'xix,  Hyperi- 
lion,    Siiperpurfjd'tio,    EJfreiiilii'tio,    from    hyper, 
and  Ka^apati,  'purgation.'     Superpurgation. 
HYPERCENO'SIS,  from   hyper,   and  Keiucti, 


HYPERCERASIS 


480 


HYPERNEURIA 


'evacuation.'     Excessive  evacuation,  as  of  blood, 
bile,  <tc. 

HYPERCERASIS.  Staphyloma  of  the  cornea. 
HYPERCERATOSIS,  Staphyloma  of  the  cor- 
nea. 

HYPERCHOLIA,  Polycholia. 
HYPERCllRO'MA,  from  hijper,  and  XPyi^'^' 
'colour.'  A  red  fleshy  excrescence  at  the  inner 
angle  of  the  eye,  near  the  caruncula  lacrymalis, 
which  sometimes  grows  very  large,  so  as  to  sepa- 
rate the  eyelids  and  interfere  with  their  move- 
ments. 

HYPERCHROMATOPS'IA,  Hyperchrnma- 
top'sy,  from  hyper,  )(^pwfi(i,  ^fjunaTOi,  'colour,'  and 
oi//ts,  '  vision.'  A  defect  of  vision,  owing  to  which 
ideas  of  colour  are  attached  to  objects,  which 
convey  no  such  coloured  impressions  to  a  healthy 
eye.     It  is  the  antithesis  to  achromatopsia. 

HYPERCINE'SIA,  Hypcrcine'sh,  from  hyper, 
and  Kivrjaii  {Kivioi,  '  I  move,')  '  motion.  E.Ycessive 
motion.'  Under  the  term  hyperciueuis,  Romberg 
includes  the  spasmodic  neuroses. 

HvPERciNKsiA  Nervosa,  see  Irritable  —  h. 
Uterin:!,  Hysteria. 

HYPERCIXESIS  GASTRICA,  Hypochondri- 
asis. 

HYPERCOyJONCTTVITE,  see  Ophthalmia. 
HYPERCORYPHO'SIS,    from    hyper,    and 
Kopvipn,  'the  vertex;'  the  extreme  point  of  any- 
thing.    The  lobes  of  the  liver  and  lungs.  —  Hip- 
pocrates. 

HYPERCRIN'IA,  Hyperdiac'risin,  Chymoze'- 
mia,  from  hyper,  and  Kfiiva,  'I  separate.'  A 
morbid  increase  in  the  (luantity  of  the  secre- 
tions. 

HYPER'CRISTS,  same  etymon.     Snperexcre'- 
tio,  Siipercraciia'tio.     An  excessive  crisis,  or  eva- 
cuation ;  a  flux.  —  A  very  violent,  critical  effort, 
or  too  copious  critical  evacuations. — Galen. 
HYF'EUCYEMA,  Superfoetation. 
HYPERCYESIS,  Superfoetation. 
H  Y  P  E  R  D  E  RM  ATO'SIS.  Jlyperdermato'mn, 
Byperdcrmo'sis,  Hyperdenno'ma,  from  hyper,  and 
hflta,  'skin.'     Hvpertrophy  of  the  skin. 
HYPERDIACllISIS,  Hypercrinia. 
HYPERDIURESIS,  Dii.betes. 
HYPERDYNAMIA,  Hvpersthenia. 
HYPERDYXAM'IC,   Hyp,'rdy,ia„i'!citii,    from 
Tiyper,  and  hvvaim,  '  strength.'     Appertaining  to 
or    having    the    characters  of  hyperdynamia,  or 
excessive  strength — of  the  vital  powers  more  es- 
pecially. 

HYPERECHEMA,  see  Exaggerated. 
HYPERECHESIS,  see  Exaggerated. 
HYPERE.M'ESIS,      Hyperemes'in,      Vom'ilus 
profii'sus ;  from  hyper,  and  t/jcu),  '  I  vomit.'     Ex- 
cessive vomiting. 

HYpEREMIE.  Hyperasmia  —  h.  du  Crrvenn, 
Cephalohasmia — h.  Ceri-hnde,  Cephalohsemia  — 
It.  dii  Foie,  Hepat'ihaemia  —  h.  de  hi  3/oeUe  fpi- 
iiiere,  H}'permye!oha;mia  —  h.  dcs  I'oumons,  Ste- 
thismia.  ^ 

HYPER ENCEPHALOrROPHIE ;  from 
hyper,  eyKcipaXov,  'the  encephalon,'  and  Tpo<jiri, 
'  nourishment.'  Hypertrophy  of  the  encephalon. 
— Piorrv. 

HYPERENCEPH'ALUS,(P.)/fy;3erencc?/37(o/e, 
from  hyprr,  and  KC'!>a\ri,  'the  head.'  A  monster 
whose  excessive  brain  is  situate  in  the  skull. 
HYPERENDOSMOSE,  Inflammation. 
HYPEREXERGI'A,  from  hyper,  and  evtpytia, 
'activity.'  Excessive  activity,  as  of  the  nervous 
system. 

HYPEREPIIIDROSIS.  Ephidrosis. 
^YPEREPID0^:I8,  Ilyperauxesis. 
UYPERERETHTS'IA.from  hyper,  andtp£9i^ui, 
'I  exci'e.'     Excessive  irritability. 

Hi'PERES'IA,   'vTtcpicia,  'a  ministry.'     This 


word  is  sometimes  applied  to  the  organs : — when 
it  means  function. 

// YPERESTHESIE,  Hypersesthesis. 
HYPERETRIA,  Midwife. 
HYPERFIBRINATION,  Hyperinosis. 
HYPERGEN'ESIS,  from  hyper,  and  ytvtmt, 
'generation,'  (E.)  Hyperyeiiesie.     The  excesii  of 
formative  power,  which    gives  occasion  to  niun- 
strosities  by  excess  of  parts.     See  Monster. 

HYPERGEUS'TIA,  Jlyper<jen'niH,  Jlyprrfrn- 
the'sia  UufjucB,  Uj'yueii'Hia,  from  hyper,  ami  yiva- 
Tis,  '  taste.'  Excessive  sensibility  of  the  organ 
of  taste. 

HYPERHiEMATOSIS,  Inflammation. 
HYPER11^:MIA,  Hypera;mia. 
H  YPERHEPA  TO  TR OP II IE,  Ilepatauxe. 
HYPERHIDROSIS,  Ephidrosis. 
HY'PERHO'RA,  from  hyper,  and  'wpa,  'time.' 
Premature  development  of  the  body,  or  of  some 
part. 

HYPERI'CUM  BACCIF'ERUM,  Arlm'exda 
g  II  III  »i  if  era  Brazi/iiii'nin,  Can-opia.  Ord.  lly- 
pericacea).  A  Brazilian  tree,  whose  bark  emits 
a  j\iice,  when  wounded,  which  resembles  gamboge. 
Hypericum  is  consiilered  by  Linmeus  to  be  de- 
rived from  '  vnip,  'over,'  and  eiKuv,  'an  image  or 
spectre  ;'  from  its  having  been  fancied  to  possess 
the  power  of  driving  away  evil  spirits. 

HvPKnicuM  Officinalk,  H.  perforatum  — h. 
Officinarum,  II.  perforatum. 

Hyi-eiucum  Pki!FOHa'titm,  Hypericiiiii,  If.  offi- 
cina'le  sen  officiiin'ruiii  sen  vuhja' re  seu  Vin/iii'i' 
cum,  Fiiyn  Da>'nionnm,  Aiidionrn'miim,  Co'rion, 
Per'/ora'ted  or  Common  St.  John's  Wort,  (F.)  Illil- 
/cpertiiis  ordinaire.  It  is  aromatic  and  astrin- 
gent, and  enters  into  a  number  of  aromatic  pre- 
parations: and,  amongst  others,  into  the  FaH- 
traiicks.  It  was,  at  one  time,  much  used  in  dys- 
entery, hemorrhages,  Ac.  The  juice  is  acrid. 
The  Oil  of  St.  John's  Wort,  lied  oil,  Liiiimen'liim 
seu  O'leiim  hyperi'ci,  Bal'snmnm  hyperi'i sim'plcr, 
is  made  by  infusing  §iv.  of  the  flowers  in  a  quart 
of  olive  oil.     It  is  applied  to  recent  bruises. 

Hyi'F.UICUM  Saro'thha,  Orange  {jiokk.  Pine- 
weed,  indigenous,  is  applied  in  domestic  jirae- 
tice,  boiled,  to  contusions  and  sprains. 

HvpEniouM  ViuGiNicuM,  H.  perforatum  — h. 
Vulcare,  H.  perforatum. 

HYPERIDROSIS,  Ephidrosis. 
HYPERIXESIS.  Ilypercatharsis. 
HYPERINOS,  Hypercatharsis. 
HYPERIXO'SIS,  fno'sis,  HyperploH'ma,  from 
hi/per.  and  is,  ivo;,  '  fibre.'     The  condition  of  tliO 
blood  in  which  it  contains  an  increase  in  the  pr... 
portion   of  fibrin,  Hyper-Jihrinii'tion.  Snper-fihri- 
nation,  a  decrease  of  the  corpuscles  in  proportion 
to  the   excess  of  fibrin,  and   an   increase  of  the 
fat. —  as  in  inflammation.     In  proportion  to  llie 
increase  of  the  filirin   and  fat.  and  the  dccreai-e 
of  tlie  corpuscles,  the  whole  solid  re.'iflue  will  be 
diminished.     Also,  morbidly-increased  muscular 
activity. — Sicbenhaar. 

HYPERLYMPH'IA,  (F.)  Ui/perlymphie  ;{rojn 
hi/per  and  hjmpAa.  Excessive  fcjrmalion  or  ac- 
cumulation of  lymph. 

H  YPERME  TR  Oil  E. If  IE,  Metroh  ajin  ia. 
HYPERMXE'SIA,   from   hyper,  and  /ireo/iai, 
'  I  recollect.'     Excessive  nicmory. 

HYPERMY^EOLOHiE'MIA,  (F.)  UijperSwit 
de  la  Moelle  Epiniere,  Conijextion  smiipiinerarhi- 
dienne,  from  hyper,  p  tUi,  'marrow,'  and  'ai^i'i, 
'  blood.'    Hyperaimia  of  the  spinal  marrow. 

HYPERNEPHROTROPIIIE,  from  hjper, 
viippos,  'kidney,'  and  rpoiprj,  'nourishment.'  Hy- 
pertrophy of  the  kidney. 

HYPERXEU'RIA,  from  hyper,  nr.d  it«/<ov, 'a 
nerve.'     Excessive  nervous  activity. 


IIYPERXEUROMA 


481 


HYPNONERGIA 


nVPEHNEURO'MA,  same  etymon.  Morbid 
developiiicnt  of  the  nciiriiie  or  nervous  masses. 

H  Y  P  K  11  0  -  PIIARYNGEUS,  Palato-pharyn- 
geus. 

IIVPKRO'A,  from  Injper,  and  laov,  'a  high 
pliice.'  'J'lic  palatine  arch, — the  base  of  the  cra- 
nium ;  the  palate. 

IIYPEROI'TIS,  Liflamma'tin  pala'ti,  Angi'na 
Pnlriti'iin,  (F.)  Iii/lnmmation  (lit  Piihtis  ;  from  liy- 
peroii,  'the  palate,'  and  itis,  a  suffix-  denoting  in- 
flamination.     rnflainmation  of  the  velum  palati. 

IIYPKROOCIIAS'MA,  from  'vKcpuia,  'the  pa- 
late,'and  ^nafta^'nn  opening;'  Li/coH'oma,  Pa- 
la'tiiiii  JinHiiiii.     Fissure  of  the  palate. 

IIYPKROI'SIA,  Oxyopia. 

HYPKROS.  Pilum. 

IIYPEROSMIA,  Ilyperosphresia. 

HYPEROSPIIRE'SIA,  II,/pero>,'min,  Hijper- 
CBStlif'nitt  ol/acto' ria,  Ol/dc'tiia  acn'tiia,  from  lii/per, 
and  oa<j)^r]aii,  'smell.'  E.\eessive  acuteness  of 
smell. 

HYPEROSTOSIS.  Exostosis. 

HYPERPATIIl'A.  from  hi/per,  and  Trn6os,  'suf- 
fering.'    Exfessive  sensibility  in  disease. 

HYPEKPIILERO'SIS,  from  fn/p,;;  and  <p\c^, 
'a  vein.'  Too  great  development  of  the  venous 
system;  predominant  venosity. 

HYPERPIILEGMASIA,  llyperphlogosi.s. 

HYPERPIILOGO'SrS,  Epiph /o,,o'm\  Huper- 
phleymn'Hiri,  In/liiiiim<i'tii>  peracii'ln  ;  from  hi/per, 
ond  ipXaywax;,  'inflammation.'  A  high  degree 
of  inflaininiition. 

JIYP  /■:  It  P  Un  EN  IE,  Man  in,. 

IIYPERPIMKLE,  see  Polvsarcia. 

HYPEK  PLASMA,  IFyperinosis. 

HYPF.UI'LEXIE,  EVstnsis. 

lIYPKUPXEUSTfA,  Flatulence. 

lIYPEKPRESIiYTIA,  Presbytia. 

IIYPERSARCIIIDIOS.  Phv>"e(.nin. 

HYPERS  A  RCO'M  A,  Hiiporsnrn.'nh,  ITfipcr. 
tarx'iH,  from  lii/per,  and  anp^,  '  Hc-li.'  A  soft  fun- 
gous excrescence,  especially  such  as  appears 
upon  ulcerated  parts. — A  fungosity. 

HYPERSARCOSIS,  Excrescence,  Fungosity, 
— h.  Cordis,  Heart,  hypertrophy  of  the. 

HYPERSARXIS,  Hvpersareoma. 

HYPEHSPADIAS,  Epispadias. 

HYPERSPASMIA,  Convulsion. 

HYI'ERSPLEXO  T HOP  III  E,  Splenoncus. 

HYPERSPOXdIA,  Spina  ventosa. 

HYPEllSTIIEXI'A.  H,iprr,},,na' mU,,  Hyper- 
to'odyiKi'mi,,,  Stntiia  injhimiiinto' rlim  veriin  ;  from 
Itypcr,  and  aSevoi;,  'strength.'  Super-excitement. 
A  morbid  condition,  characterized  by  over-e.xcite- 
ment  of  all  the  vital  phenomena. 

HYPEIiSTIIEXIO.  Stimulant. 

HYPEHSTIIEXICUS,  Active.  Stimulant. 

HIPERTOX'IA,  hyper,  and  toj/oj,  'tone.' 
E.\ecss  of  tone  in  parts.     It  is  opposed  to  atony. 

UYPEHTRICIIO'SIS:  from  hyper,  and  ep<(, 
rpi^uf,  '  hair.'     Excessive  production  of  hair. 

HYPERTROPlIiE'MIA,  from  hyper,  rpo<pr„ 
'nourishment,'  and  'ai^a,  'blood.'  A  state  in 
which  the  plastic  powers  of  the  blood  are  in- 
creased. 

HYPERTROPIIIA,  Hypertropbv-b.  Cerebri, 

Phrenauxe  — h.   Cordis,   Heart,   hypertrophy  of 

tlie  —  h.  Glandularum,  Ilypcradcnosis  —  h.  He- 

pntis,    Ilepatauxe  —  h.    Intestinorum,    Enterhy- 

pertrnphia  — h.  Lienis,  Splenoncus  —  h.  Splenis, 

Splenoncus  _h.  Uteri,  Metraiixe  — h.  Unguium,' 

"iiych:inxc — h.  Vesica!  urinaria;,  Cystau.xe. 

IIYI'ERTROPTII.-E.  see  Hypertrophy. 

inri:i!TROI>lllE  nr  CCECP,  lienrt,  hy- 

pertrciphy  of  the— A.  Centripite  du   Caur,  Heart 

31  ' 


hypertrophy  of  the  —  h.  Concentriqve  du  Occur, 
Heart,  hypertrophy  of  the  — A.  d,i  Pole,  Ilepa- 
tauxe—A.  de  In  Rate,  Splenoncus  — A.  du  Corps 
Thijro'ide.  Bronchocele. 

HYPERTROPHIED,  see  Hypertrophy. 

BYI'ERTROPHIEN,  see  Hypertrophy. 

HYPERTROPHOUS,  see  Hypertrophy. 

HY'PERTROPIIY,  Ihjpertroph'ia,  from  hyper, 
and  rpo^r],  'nourishment.'  The  state  of  a  part 
in  which  the  nutrition  is  performed  with  greater 
activity;  and  which,  on  that  account,  at  length 
acquires  unusual  bulk.  The  part  thus  affected  is 
said  to  be  hyper'trophied  or  hyper'tiophovn. 
Hypertrophim  is  used  by  Neligan,  as  Ilyper- 
trophien  is  l)y  Simon,  for  an  order  of  cutaneous 
diseases,  characterized  by  hypertrophy  of  the 
derma,  or  epidermis,  or  both,  "or  of  the  hair  fol- 
licles. 

HYPERURESIS,  Enuresis  — h.  Aquosa,  Dia- 
betes. 

HYPERURORRHEE,  Diabetes— A.  Saccha- 
rt'iie.  Diabetes  (mellitus.) 

HYPERZOODYNAMIA.  Hypersthenia. 

HYPEX'ODOS,  't:r££«,5uj,  from  'u^ro,  'beneath.' 
and  i^oioi.  'passing  out.'  An  alvine  discharge 
or  flux.  —  Hippocrates. 

HYPEZOC US,  Diaphragm,  Pleura.  See  Hy- 
pozoma. 

HYPHA,  Texture. 

HYPH/EMA,  Ecchymoma. 

HYPH^MATO'SIS,  Hypohatmofo'^h,  from 
'vTo.  'under,'  and  'aifiaTuxTti,  'sanguification.' 
Morbidly  diminished   ha-matosis.— ,S'«'»7((//ica'?/o 

HYPII^MOS,  Subcruentus, 

HYPHE.  Texture. 

HYPIIVDROS,  Hydropic. 

HYPIiXO'SIS,  Hypnpl,,»'ma,  from  '«™,  'un- 
der,' and  jf,  ivoi,  'fibre.'  The  condition  of  the 
blood  in  which  the  quantity  of  fibrin  is  frequently 
less  than  in  health,  or  if  it  amounts  to  the  usual 
quantity,  its  proportion  to  the  blood  corpuscles 
is  less  than  in  health  :  the  quantity  of  corpuscles 
is  either  absolutely  increased  or  their  proportion 
to  the  fibrin  is  larger  than  in  healthy  blood;  the 
quantity  of  solid  constituents  is  also  frequently 
larger  than  in  health.  Such  is  the  condition  of 
the  blood  in  fevers,  hemorrhages,  and  polyamia. 
— Simon. 

HYPN^STHESIS,  Somnolency. 

HYPNAGO'CiIC,  Jlyptinyo'ijiciiK,  from  'wttvos, 
'sleep,' and  aymyoi,  'n  leader.'    Leading  to  sleep. 

Hyptiaynfjic  hiillua'iiiitifius  are  those  visions 
which  occur  when  we  are  half  asleep. 

HYPXIA'TER,  (F.)  Hypuiatrc,  from  'vrvoi, 
'sleep.'  and  larpog,  'a  physician.'  A  name  given 
to  deluded  or  designing  persons  who  have  affirmed 
that  they  were  able,  during  their  'magnetic  sleep,' 
to  diagnosticate  disease  and  its  appropriate  treat- 
ment. 

HYPNIC,  TTiip'nicus,  from  'wirvos,  'sleep.'  An 
agent  that  affects  sleep. — Percira. 

HYPNOBADES.  Somnambulist. 

HYPXOBADISIS,  Somnambulism. 

HYPXOBATASIS,  Somnambulism. 

HYPNOBATES,  Somnambulist. 

HYPNOBATESIS,  Somnambulism. 

HYPNOBATIA,  Somnambulism. 

HIPX^O'DES.  \'!!vto6tji,  from  'v-ko,  'under,' and 
'vTvoi,  '  sleep.'  One  in  a  state  of  slumber  of  som- 
nolency. 

HYPXODIA,  Somnolency. 

HYPXOLO(;"ICA,  HypnoIog"ice.  The  part 
of  hygiene  which  treats  of  sleep. 

HYPNOL'OGY,  Hypuoloy"ia,  from  'w:rm,  and 
\oyoi,  'a  discourse.'  Same  etymon..  A  treatise 
on  sleep.     The  doctrine  of  sleep. 

HYPNONERGIA,  Somnambulism. 


IIYPNOPIIOBIA 


482 


HYPOGASTRIC 


TTYPXOPIIOB'IA,  from    'virvos,    'sleep,'    and 
pijiiii.  '  droMil.'     Dri'iul  of  .-leep.     Incubus. 
IIVI'XOPCEUS,  Somniferous. 
IIVPNOS,  Sleep. 

IIVPNO'SIS.  from  'vttvos,  'sleep.'     The  super- 
vetiiion  or  produetion  of  .>ileep. 

llv.'Nosis  BioMAG.VKTioA,  Sleep,  magnetic. 
HYPNOTIC,  Somniferous. 
liYPXOTISM,  see  Miignetism,  animal. 
HYPNOTIZED,  see  Mesmerized. 
IIY'PO,  'vTTo,  'sub,'  •under,'  in  composition. 
II Yi'o,  Ilypochonilriasis. 
II Y POyE.M A,  Efchy moma. 
HYPOXEMIA,  Ecehvuionia,  Ilypaemia. 
UYPOBLEPirARUM,  from  'wo,  'under,' and 
/?A£0u|,o>',  'ejeiid.'      Tumefaction    under  one   or 
both  eyelids.     Also,  an  artificial  eye,  placed  un- 
der the  eyelids. 

HYPOCAPNISMA,  Suffimentum. 
IIYPOOAPNISMUS,  Fumigation. 
IIYPOCAHO'DES,    Subxoporn'tns,   from    'vtto, 
'under,'  and  /ca/.of,  'a  heavy  fleep.'     One  who  is 
in  a  state  approMcliing  earns. —  Hippocrates. 

HYPOCATIIAR'SIS,  from  'v-^o,  'under,' and 
KuSapffis,  '  purgation.'  Too  feeble  purgation.  A 
■word  opposed  to  hvperoatharsis. 
IIYPOCATIIAKTICUS,  La.xative. 
IIYPOCAUS'TUM,  from  'uto,  'under,'  and 
Kaiit),  'I  burn.'  A  name  given  to  a  stove,  or  any 
such  contrivance,  to  sweat  in.  Also,  a  furnace 
in  any  subterraneous  place,  used  for  heating 
baths  : — 'imoKavaTov,  /l(i/iit<i'n'iiiii,    Vapont'iiiini. 

IIYPOCEPHALiE'UM,  from  'vto,  '  under,'  and 
Kifjta'Sr),  '  head.'     A  (lillow  for  the  head. 

IIYPOCERCIIA'LEON,  from  'viro,  and  Kcp- 
X^^cos,  'lioarse.'  Rougiiness  of  the  fauces  affect- 
ing the  voice. — IIi|ip(icrates. 

HYPOCIILORETUM  SULPIIUROSUM,  Sul- 
phur, chloride  of. 

IIYPOCIILOROM'ELAS,  snh-pnl'lide  nVijri- 
cinie.  from  'u>ro,  ;^A(j/jof,  '  green,'  and.;itA«j,  '  black.' 
A  term  applied  to  one  wliose  skin  is  pale,  with  a 
bhickish  hue. — Hippocrates,  tialen. 
IIYPOCHOILION.  Abdomen. 
HY'POCHONDRE,  llyp<,<hn,i'drh,m,  Suhrar- 
tildjin'eiuii,  Ite'yio  Iliipdrliotidri'tn-ii,  Ihjpochon' - 
drinc  Rei/iiiii,  from  'vtto,  'under,'  and  ;^oi'(5/)o{,  'a 
cartilage.'  Each  lateral  and  superior  region  of 
the  abdomen  is  so  called,  because  it  is  bounded 
by  the  cartilaginous  margin  of  the  false  ribs, 
which  forms  the  base  of  the  chest.  There  is  a 
ii(jht  and  a  Up  bypochondrium. 

IIYPOCHON'DRIAC,  Hi/po,:ho,idr;'ncns,  ffy. 
pochdiidri'itcd/,  Vn' polity,  Va'poitrixh,  (F.)  flypo- 
choudrinqne.  Same  etymon.  Belonging  to  hy- 
pochondriasis. One  labouring  under  hypochon- 
driasis— hipped. 

HYPOCHONDRTAOISMUS.IIypochondriasis. 
HYPOCHONDRIAL(JIA,  Hypochondriasis. 
//  rnOCHOXDRIA  Q  UE,  Hypochondriac. 
HYPOCHONDRI'ASIS.  Same  etymon.  Ahi'. 
Ilia  seu  Hfdliicitiii'tiit  hy/yocfiDiidrliiHia,  Mitibim 
hiflioeh'iiidri'acns  seu  ]ieniccntii' riim  seu  liiictiiri'- 
nitD,  Milium  hi/uiicho»dri'iiciim,  Hi/pochiiiidriitrig'- 
»)ir/«,  ffypoihnmiricin'iiiitii,  Di/Hpcp'xia  hi/piirhoii- 
diiitaiH,  Pas'nio  seu  Ajfvc'iii)  hi/]>ofhoiidii'acri, 
Aiiotlii/iii>''i'<ii,  Hyperciiie'nis  (jnHtrica,  SpJeiif.x, 
Jlfehiiirhn/'iii  nerreii  seu  flntiio'na  seu  hypnchon- 
dii'dcii,  Siiffucii'tiii  hypoihoiidii'rica,  MorliiiK 
jiiitiin'sf.n  seu  eniilitii'ruiii,  FomeD  veiitric'idi,  Ifif- 
ptiihiDidiiniii,  Ifyp",  Hip.  Splaeii,  Vapoiirn  Eiii/UhJi, 
Mnliidi/,  Lnw  Spititx,  (F.)  Hyjiochoudrie,  Mi'dudie 
iinai/iiKiiie  ou  Aiif/ltiinc,  Affeftion  vitporeime,  Vn- 
peiim.  This  disease  is  probably  so  called,  from 
the  circumstance  of  some  hypochondriacs  having 
felt  an  uneasy  sensation  in  the  hypochondriac 
regions.  The  disease  seems  really  to  be,  as  Pine! 
lias  classed  it,  a  species  of  neurosis,  and  of  mental 
alienation,  which  is  observed  in  persons  who  in 


other  respects  arc  of  sound  judgment,  but  who 
reason  erroneously  on  whatever  concerns  tlieir 
own  health.  Hypochondriasis  is  characterized  by 
disordered  digestion,  without  fever  or  local  lesion  • 
flatulence  ;  borborygmi :  extreme  increase  of  sen 
sibility  ;  palpitations;  illusions  of  llie  senses;  ii 
succession  of  morbid  feelings,  which  appear  to 
simulate  the  greater  part  of  diseases;  panics: 
exaggerated  uneasiness  of  various  kinds;  eliiclly 
in  what  regards  the  iiealth,  <fcc.  Imligestion  Inis 
usually  been  considered  the  cause  of  liypociioii- 
driasis.  Tliey  are,  utuiueslioinil)ly,  much  eon- 
nected  with  each  other  :  but  there  is  every  rea.son 
to  believe,  that  the  seat  of  the  iiffeetion  is  really, 
though  functionally,  in  the  brain.  The  disease 
almost  always  appears  at  the  adult  age,  most 
commonly  in  irritable  individiuils  ;  and  in  those 
exhausted,  or  rather  in  the  habit  of  being  ex- 
hausted by  mental  labour,  overwhelmed  with 
domestic  or  public  affairs,  Ac. 

The  treatment  is  almost  entirely  moral.  The 
condition  of  the  digestive  function  must,  however, 
be  accuratelv  attended  to. 

HYPOCHONDRICIS.MUS,  Hypochondriasis. 
HYPOCHONDKIS.M.  Hypochondriasis. 
HYPOCIIORE.MA,  Excrement. 
HYPOCHORESIS,  Dejection,  Defecation,  E.K- 
crement. 

HYPOCHORETICIIS,  Cathartic. 
HYPOCHYMA,  Cataract. 
IIYPOCHYROSIS,  Baryecoia. 
HYPOCHYSIS  II.<EMAT0DES,n8Dmophthal. 
mia. 

HYPOCISTIS.  Cvtinus. 

IIYPOCLEP'TldUM,    from    'i/tto,    'beneath,' 
and  kXctttu),  'I    steal.'      A   ehyniical  vcsfel,  fur- 
inerlv  used  for  separating  oil  from  water. 
HYPOCCKLIS.  Palpebra  inferior. 
HYPOCfflEIUM,  Abdomen. 
IIYPOCffiLUM,    llypocoilon,    Palpebra   infe- 
rior. 

llYrOCOl'T.OT^! ,ffypoc>r'loi),  Hypnece'liim,  Hy- 
pac'ylnm,  from  'vmt,  'under,' and  koiXdv,  'a  ca- 
vity.' A  cavity  situate  under  the  lower  eyelid. 
Tlie  lower  eveliil  itself. 

HYPOCO'PHOSIS,  Baryecoia,  Deafness. 
HYPOCRA'NIU.M  (Ai'osTKMA),from  'wiro,  'un- 
der,' and  Kjiaviov,  'the  cranium.'     A  collection  of 
pus  between  the  cranium  and  dura  mater. 
HYPOCRATES.  Infirm. 

HYPOOYLrM.  Ilvpoeoilon,  Palpebra  inferior. 
HYPOCYSTEOTOMIA,  see  Lithotomy. 
HYPODERIS,  Kpideris. 

ni'PODERMAT'O.MY,f/-//>'>f;frm«Mm'/«,  from 
'vKO,  'under,'  icpfia,  'the  skin,' and  rourt,  'inci- 
sion.' The  section  of  subcutaneous  parts-,  as  of 
tendons  and  muscles. 

HYPODER'MIC,  Hypmhr'niirm,  (F.)  Hypo, 
domiqiie,  from  'iin-o,  'under,'  and  iijiita,  'skin.' 
That  which  is  tinder  the  skin,  —  as  'liypmlennie 
medication,'  (F.)  Medivatioii  hypodcriiiii/ui' ;  that 
which  consists  in  the  nj)plication  of  remedies — aa 
morphia — under  the  skin. 

HYPODRR.MIS.  Clitoris,  Epideris. 
HYPODERRHIS,  Epideris. 
HYPODESMA,  Ban.lage. 
IIYPODYXA MIC,  Adynamic. 
HYPODY'X'IA,  from  'uiro,  'under,' and  o^wtit 
'pain.'     Dnlor  iiiitin  i^eu  loiig.     A  slight  pain. 
HYPOGALA.  Hvpopvon. 
IlYPOtiASTRAT/GrA.  from  'vr;oynijTi,tov.  'the 
hypognstrium,'   and   aXyoi,   'pain.'     Pain   in   tlie 
hvpogasfrium. 

"HYPOCiAS'TRIC,  /rypiifjiii'iricni,.  Relating 
or  belonging  to  the  hypogasiriuin. 

HvroGASTRIC  Aktkhv,  A.  Ili'nca  intei'nn,  A. 
TU'iifi  pnnte'rior,  A.  p<-li'ieiiiie—{Ch.),  is  the  more 
internal  of  the  two  branches  into  which  the  pri- 
mary iliac  divides.     It  descends  into  the  cavity 


IIYPOGASTRION 


483 


HYPOPIUM 


of  tlio  pelvis,  and  gives  ofiF  a  considerable  number 
of  branches,  which  arise,  at  times,  separately  ;  at 
others,  liy  common  trunks.  These  branches  are, 
1.  The  pimterior,  i.  e.  the  ilio-lumbar  arteries,  la- 
teral, sacral,  and  gluteal.  2.  The  anterior,  i.  e. 
the  umbilical,  vesical,  and  obturator.  3.  The  in- 
tiininl,  —the  middle  hemorrhoidal  arteries,  uterine, 
iiiid  vaginal  in  women.  4.  The  inferior,  i.  e.  the 
iwhidlic  iirterieH,  and  internal  pudic. 

llYi'oaAs'Tuic  Gan'gi.io.v.  a  large  nervous 
ganglion,  described  by  Dr.  Robt.  Lee  as  seated 
on  each  side  of  the  ccrvi.\  uteri,  immediately  be- 
hind tlie  ureter;  which  receives  the  greater  num- 
ber of  the  nerves  of  the  hypogastric  and  sacral 
plexuses,  and  distributes  branches  to  the  uterus, 
vagina,  bladder,  and  rectum. 

lIvl'OliA.STfUC    Ol'KUATION    OF  LiTIIOT'OMY,   (F.) 

Tiiille    lii//)'></itiilri(iiie.     The    high    operation,    or 
that  practised  above  the  jiubes. 

Ilvi'OGASTlUC  Pl,EXliS,/'/('X((«  snim-weseiiferiqiie 
of  Winslow,  is  situate  at  the  lateral  and  posterior 
parts  of  the  rectum  and  the  ban  fund  of  the  blad- 
der. It  is  formed  by  the  sacral  nerves  and  the 
inferior  mesenteric  plexus,  and  gives  off  numerous 
filaments,  which  accompany  the  arteries  that  jiass 
to  the  rectum  and  genital  organs. 

Ilyi'OGASTRic  Vein  furnishes  nearly  the  same 
branches. 

IIYPfXJASTIirON,  Abdomen,  Ilypogastrium. 

IIYPOUAS'TRIUM,  HiipmjnH'triou,  from  'v-o, 
'under,'  and  y./ffrr/p,  'the  stomach  or  belly;' 
Kiron,  r/Tpov,  \'eiiler  iinna,  V.  jxirvun,  Aqnaliv'- 
uIkk,  Snmeu,  Rnnien  ;  the  lower  part  of  the  ab- 
domen. The  IIi/pixjaHtric  ret/ion,  Re'yio  hi/pn- 
ijiin'tricn  seu  hy)i<i(jiiH'tri<t,  which  extends  as  high 
as  three  fingers'  breadth  beneath  the  umbilicus, 
is  divided  into  three  secondary  regions  —  one 
viiilillr  or  pnhic,  and  two  laternl  or  ini/ninol. 

HYPOGASTROCE'LE,  from  'vno,  'under,' 
yiiort;/),  '  the  stomach  or  belly,'  and  ict^Xi;,  '  a  tu- 
ninur.'  Hernia  in  the  hypogastric  region,  occur- 
ring through  the  separated  fibres  of  the  lower 
pait  of  the  tinea  alba.     See  Hernia,  hvpogastric. 

HYPOGASTRODID'YMUS,    Did'ijmu^   Sijin- 
]>hij(iliifi)(i;/<i>i'triiiii,    Imhiopit'iifin,  from    'vto,   'un 
•ler,'  yaarnp,  'the  belly,'  and  StSvfius,  'a  twin.'     A 
monstrosity  in    which    twins   are   united   by   the 
hypogastrium. — Gnrlt. 

IIYPOGASTKOUIXIS,  Eventration. 

HYPOGLOSSA,  Hypoglottides. 

HYPOGLOSSAL  NERVE,  Hypoglossus. 

HYPOGLOSSIA,  Hypoglottides. 

HYPOtJLOSSIADENrTLS,  from  'vno,  'under,' 
yXuffffii,  ' tongue,' u^»;v,  'a  gland,'  and  itin,  deno- 
ting inflamnnition.  Inflomnni'tio  (jltinJnlu' mm 
HnbliiKjnit'liitin.  Inflammation  of  the  sublingual 
gland. 

HYPOOLOSSIDIA.  Hypoglottides. 

HYPOGLOSSIS,  Hypoy/oH'xium,  Hyporjlott'iit, 
Hi/p<ii/fol'tiii.  from  'vno,  'under,'  and  'yXiixtaa, 
'tongue.'  The  under  surface  of  the  tongue  ;  any- 
thing under  the  tongue:   and  hence,  Ranula. 

HYPOtJLOSSIUM,  Ilypoglossis,  Ranula. 

HYPOGLOSSUM,  Ruscus  hypoglossum,  Ra- 
nula. 

IIYPOGLOS'SUS,  from  'wo,  'under,'  and 
Y^uiaan,  '  the  tongue.'  That  which  is  under  the 
tongue. 

Ilvi'OCI.OSSt'S,  Liiignn'lin  3fe'di>is,Hi/pof)ltii>K'al 
or  Lini/nol  or  (inn'tntori/  Nerve,  (F.)  Xerf  Hijpo- 
rj/iiHKe  ou  (rrniid  Hi/poi//iigne,  IlypoijloHnien  (Cli.), 
IS  tiie  ninth  piiir  if  iierven.  Par  niiniini,  \ervn>i 
liypmj/oistiK  seu  lixjnenn,  of  many  anatomists.  It 
arises  by  ten  or  twelve  very  fine  filaments  from 
the  grooves,  which  separate  the  corpora  pyranii- 
dalia  from  the  C.  olivaria;  issues  from  the  cra- 
niiun  by  the  foramen  condyloideum  aiiterius;  and 
di\i>ies,    near    the    angle    of  the  jaw,   into    two 


branches;  the  one,  the  cervicn'lia  dencendcni  or 
denroi'dens  iinni.  It  forms,  with  the  cervical 
ple.xus,  a  large  anastomotic  arch,  and  furni.-hes 
branches  to  several  of  the  muscles  of  the  neck. 
The  other,  the  lini/mil  branch,  is  the  continuatiim 
of  the  principal  trunk,  and  gives  its  numerous 
filaments  to  the  muscles  of  the  tongue  and  pha- 
rynx. The  ninth  pair  communicates  motion  to 
the  muscles  to  which  it  is  distributed. 

HYPOGLOTTIA,  Ilypoglossis,  Hvpoglottides. 

HYPOGLOTT'IDES,  (PILUL^E,')  frypo,,/„H'. 

nia,  f/yp'iijldt'tiii,  Hypoi/lon'iia,  llypnqldt'ta,  Hy- 
poijInHHid' ia,  Pil'nUe  Hnblint/iui'len.  Pills  placed 
under  the  tongue  to  dissolve  there. 

HYPOGLOTTIS,  Ilypoglossis,  Ranula. 

HYPOGLU'TIS,  from  'v7,o,  'under,'  and  y>ou- 
T0{,  '  the  nates.'  The  lower  and  projecting  part 
of  the  nates.— Gorraeus. 

HYPOtJNATHADEX.  Submaxillary  gland. 

IIYP0GNATHADENrTI8.f////K«m/,«r/e»n'/;». 
from  hi/p(i(/n(ilh<ide)i,  the  submaxillary  gland,  and 
itii,  denoting  inflammation.  Infiamination  of  the 
submaxillary  gland. 

HYPOH,F/i\f A,  from  'uto,  'under.'  and  ni/i<i, 
'blood.'  Efiusion  of  blood  into  the  chambers  of 
the  eye.     It  is  generally  absorbed  in  time. 

IIYPOIIyEMATOSIS,  Hyphamatosis. 

IIYP0H;RMIA,  Ilypa'mia. 

IIYPOLEPSIOMANIA,  Melancholy. 

HYPCMFA,  from  'uiro,  'under.'  and  wfio?.  'the 
shoulder.'  That  which  lies  under  the  shoulder, 
as  the  axilla. 

HYPO.MO'RTA,  from  'uro.  'under,'  and  /noptn, 
'folly.'  Slight  imbecility  of  mind,  or  slight 
deliriup^. 

HYPONARTHECIE,  Hypnnnrthe'cia,  from 
'vno,  '  under,'  and  vapOrj^.  'a  splint.'  A  term  used 
by  M.  Mayor  for  his  mode  of  treating  fractures 
by  position  only, —  the  limb  resting  upon  a  pro- 
perly cushionc(i  board  or  splint. 

HYPONEU'RIA.  from  'vku,  '  under,' and  wu- 
pov,  'a  nerve.'  Morbidly  diminished  nervou.s 
energy. 

HYPON'OMOS,  Ulcnx  xnhtnx  drpa>,'rcn».  from 
'tiro,  'under,'  and  vt/iu,  'I  feed.'  A  deep  fistula 
or  ulcer. 

HYPON'YCHON,  from  'vno,  'under,' and  oiuf, 
'the  nail.'  /■Jrchynio'ma  Hypunychon.  Effusion 
of  blciod  under  a  nail. 

HYPOPATIII'A,  ■.S'-(?K,/ec'r;«,  from  'vno,  'un- 
der,'and  TtaBoi,  'disease.'  A  disease  of  a  slight 
character. 

HYPOPATUS.  Dcjectio. 

HYl'OPE'DIUM,  from  'wo.  'under,'  and  vovi, 
'the  foot.'     A  cataplasm  for  the  sole  of  the  foot. 

HYPOPH'ASIS,  from  'vtto,  'under.'  and  iiiatviai, 
'  I  appear.'  The  state  of  the  eyes  in  which  tho 
white  only  is  seen  through  the  opening  of  the 
eyelids. —  Hippocrates. 

lIYPOPIILEfJMASIA.  Subinflnmmatio. 

IlYPOPirOKA,  from  'vtto,  'under,' and  ^cpu, 
'I  carry:'  liens  ninno'inni  seu  fislnlo'snm.  .\. 
fistulous  ulcer. — Galen.      A  dejection. 

HYPOPllTHALMIA,  Hypopyon. 

HYPOPHTHAL'MION.  from  'viro,  'under.' 
and  oc/.3a>fiof,  'the  eye.'  That  part  under  the  eye 
where  oedema  generally  commences  in  chronic 
diseases  and  in  cachexia. — Hippocrates. 

HYPOPHYSIS,  Cataract,  Epigone  — h.  Cere- 
bri. Pituitnrv  gland. 

HYPOP'ITYS  LANUGINO'SA,  from  'v^o, 
'under,' and  irtrtij,  'a  pine  tree,' from  the  place 
of  its  growth.  American  Pine-nap.  false  lieech- 
driipx,  liirdn'  Next.  Indigenous;  flowering  from 
June  to  .August.  Order,  Ericaeea*.  Used  as  a 
nervine  in  the  form  of  the  powdered  root. 

IIYPO'PIUM,    from    'vno,    'under,'   and    a-X, 


HYPOrLASMA 


484 


irVPOUCANNA 


'eye.'  The  part  of  the  face  under  the  eye:  —  a 
black  eye. 

IIvpoPirM  Os,  MiiliB  OS. 

HYPOPLASMA.  Ilvpinosis. 

HYPOPLAST^E'MA.from  'vno,  'under.'  7rAn<T- 
TiKOi.  '  formative,' and  'ui/io,  'blood.'  Diminished 
plasticity  of  the  blood. 

HYPOPLRUKIUS,  Pleura. 

IIYPOPO'DI.A,  Siipphuitti'lift,  Siippedn'nen, 
from  'v-ro,  'under,'  and  zovs,  'the  foot.'  Reme- 
dies, as  sinapisms,  which  are  applied  under  the 
foot. 

HYPOP'YON,  Ilypop't/iim,  ITiipnphthnl'min, 
Pijfifiliihiil'miii,  Enipi/e'sin  seu  I)!(ip;/e'sis  seu  Ab- 
sccs'xiiR  Oc'ii/i,  Oc'iiliiK  piinileu'tiis,  LinxeU'it,  Hy- 
png'iila,  Hypitpi/nm  Inc'teiiiii,  Pi/o'sis,  Pnrnp'sis 
St(i))Jii/lt>'iiia  piintleiititm  ;  from  'ujro,  'under,'  and 
■Kvov,  •  ])us  ;'  because  the  pus  is  under  the  cornea. 
This  name  has  been  given  to  small  abscesses  be- 
tween the  laniiniB  of  the  cornea,  as  well  as  to 
different  purulent  collections  in  the  chambers  of 
the  eye:  hence,  some  pathologists  have  distin- 
guished Hifpfip' ijitn  (if  the  chambers  from  Hi/pop'- 
yon  (if  the  cor'iiea.  In  abscesses  of  the  chambers, 
the  purulent  matter  is  mixed  with  the  aqueous 
humour,  which  it  renders  turbid  ;  and  is  deposited 
particularly  at  the  lower  part  of  the  eye  ;  forming 
behind  the  cornea  a  kind  of  whitish  crescent,  that 
rises  more  or  less  before  the  pupil,  and  closes  it 
entirelj'  or  in  part.  It  requires  the  use  of  local 
and  general  antiphlogistics,  and  sorbefacients. 
At  tiuies,  it  is  necessary  to  puncture  the  cornea 
and  evacuate  the  pus. 

Ni/popion  was  used  by  Galen  to  signify  "an 
effusion  of  blood  under  the  eyelids  and  tunica 
conjunctiva,  or  under  the  lower  eyelid."  — 
BhuKMrd. 

IIYPOPYUM  LACTEUM.  Hypopyon. 

IIYPORIN'ION.  IIypo)-rhiii'!iim,  from  'vno, 
'under,'  and  piv,  'the  nose.'  That  part  of  the 
beard  which  grows  beneath  the  nose.  The  mus- 
taches.    Also,  the  upper  lip. 

HYPORRHYSIS,  Detluxion,  Prolapsus. 

HYPOSA'PRUS,  Sitbpi(tns,Fiilre8'ce>,>i.  Grow- 
ing putrid  ;  slightly  putrid.  Game,  of  various 
kinds.  (F.)  Viaiides  fdimmdecs,  is,  at  tiiTies,  pre- 
ferred in  an  incipient  state  of  decomposition, 
which  certainly  renders  it  more  digestible. 

HY'POSAR'CA.  from  'vno,  'under,'  and  aap^, 
'flesh;'  J/i/ponarcid'iiiK,  Anasarca.  In  the  Noso- 
logies of  Linnaius  and  CuUen,  it  is  synonymous 
with   PJn/Kcoiiln. 

HYPOSARCIDIUS,  Anasarca,  Hyposarca. 

HYPOSARCO'SIS,  from  'vtto,  'under,'  and 
aapKwai;,  '  a  fleshy  growth.'  A  small,  fleshy 
growth  : — a  wart. 

HYPOSIAGON,  Maxillary  bone,  inferior. 

HYPOSIAGONARTHRI'TIS.  from  'vno,  'un- 
der,' irtayiav,  'the  jawbone,'  ('lower  jawbone,') 
afjOjiov,  'a  joint,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation  ; 
Infliiiiiiiut'tio  (trtic'idi  waxil'la  iitferii/ris.  In- 
flamniiition  of  the  joint  of  the  lower  jaw. 

HYPO.SIALADEN,  Submaxillary  gland. 

HYPO.SIALADENITIS,  Hypognathadenitis. 

HY'POSPA'DIA,  Hyponpadi'asis,  from  'vno, 
'under,'  and  anaio,  'I  draw.'  A  malformation,  in 
which  the  canal  of  the  urethra,  instead  of  open- 
ing at  the  apex  of  the  glans,  terminates  at  its 
base,  or  beneath  the  penis,  at  a  greater  or  less 
distance  from  the  symphysis  pubis.  AVhen  the 
orifice  of  the  urethra  is  very  near  the  root  of  the 
penis,  the  scrotum  is  divided,  as  it  were,  into  two 
great  labia:  and  this  malformation  has  often 
been  taken  for  a  ease  of  hermaphrodism.  Hypo- 
spadia is  ordinarily  incurable;  and  an  idea  has 
been  entertained  that  it  is  the  cause  of  impotence. 
It  IS  not  exactly  so;  but  it  renders  impregnation 
less  probable. 


HYPOSPA'DIAS,  Ujipoipadlcr'uK,  Ifi/poi-pad'. 
iciiK.     One  afl'ecled  with  hypospadia. 

1IYP()SPAI)IA8IS.  Hypospadia. 

HYPOSPATIILS'MUS",  from  'vro,  'under,' and 
anadiov,  'a  ladle  or  spatula.'  A  surgical  opera- 
tion, with  the  ancients,  in  cases  of  severe  'dc- 
fluxion  to  the  eyes,'  which  consisted  in  incisions 
made  in  the  seal))  down  to  the  bone,  and  tlic  in- 
sertion of  an  instrument  called  a  H/mth'ion  or  hi), 
poipathis'ler  to  enable  the  intermediate  i)arls  lo 
be  divided.  The  precise  character  of  the  opera- 
tion is  not  well  described,  and  it  is  no  longer 
known. — Paulus  of  Ai'^ina,. 

HYP08PATIII.STKR,  see  Hypospathismus. 

HYPOSPllAG'MA,  from  'vno,  'under.'  and 
(T0«^a»,  'I  kill.'  The  coagulated  blood,  which  is 
collected  when  an  animal  is  killed  and  used  for 
food.  Also,  an  effusion  of  blood,  especially  under 
the  conjunctiva.  . 

IIvi'osi'HAGMA,  H^mophthalinia. 

HYPOSTAPIIYLK,  Staphylocdema. 

HYPOSTAPllYLITIS,  see  Staphylitis. 

HY'PO.S'TASIS,  from  'vno,  'under,' and  cTniri;, 
'the  act  of  jdaeing.'  A  morbid  deposition  in  tiie 
body.     Sediment. 

HYPOSTAT'IC,  Hypostfit' icnn,  from  'i.ro,  'un- 
der,' and  araaii,  'stagnation.'  Relating  to  hy- 
postases, sediments  or  depositions. 

Hypostatic  HYi'EH;t;'MiA.  A  congestion  of 
blood  in  the  vessels  of  a  part,  caused  by  its  de- 
pending position. 

HYPOSTEMA,  Sediment. 

HYPOSTIIENIA,  Debility. 

HYPOSTIIENIC,  Contrastimulant. 

HYPOS'TROPIIE,  'vnoaTpo(pr,,  'change  of  po- 
sition,' from  'vno,  and  arpciliui,  'I  turn.'  Act  of  a 
patient  turning  himself.  Also,  a  relapse  or  return 
of  a  disease. — Hippocrates,  Foesius. 

HYPOSTYP'TIC,  HnjmHiyp'ticiK,  from  'wo, 
'under,'  and  o-nn/'i$,  'constriction.'  A  feeble 
astringent. 

HYPOSYPH'TLTS,  from  'wo,  'under,'  and 
Sy/ihi/ii.     A  mild  form  of  syphilis. 

HYPOTII'ENAR,  A'/(fc'tWr,,  frnm  'vno.  'under.' 
and  Sevap,  'the  palm  of  the  hand  or  sole  of  the 
foot.'  Hypothinidr  Em'iiieuc.e.  The  fleshy  prujec- 
tion  of  the  palmar  surface  of  the  hand,  which  cor- 
responds with  the  little  finger,  and  is  supporlid 
by  the  fifth  metacarpal  heme.  This  eminence  is 
formed  of  four  muscles:  the  Pd-lmnrin  Inri-!--, 
Adductor  seu  Flexor  brevis  iiiiinmi  dit/ill,  and 
OpponeiiH  minimi  di(/iti.  The  name  Ilypfilhciinr 
has  also  been  given  to  different  muscles  of  the 
hand.  The  I/ypotheiinr  miiiiiiii  di(/ili  of  IJiiilan 
comprehended  the  Abductor,  Flexor  bi-erlH  and 
OpponaiH  mitiimi  diijiti ;  ;ind  his  muscle,  7/i/- 
piotheiiiir  piillicin,  corresponded  to  the  Abdiielci- 
and  a  portion  of  the  Flexor  brerin  p(illlci>: 
Winslow  called  the  Adductor  minimi  diyiti,  niiii- 
clc  petit  hypotheiiiir  ou  hypofhennr  dii  petit  doiifl. 

Hyi>othp;nau  Minimi  Dioiti,  Flexor  parvus 
minimi  digiti  —  h.  Minor  metaearpeus.  Abductor 
minimi  digiti— h.  Riolani,  Flexor  parvus  minimi 
digiti. 

HYPOTHETON.  Suppository. 

HYPOTIIYMIAMA,  Fumigation. 

HYPOTHY.MIASIS,  Fumigation. 

HYPO'TIUM,  (Emplaxtriim;)  from  '..-:.  'un- 
der,'and  oij{,  'the  ear.'  Einplaa'tniin  auricula' ri ; 
a  plaster  applied  behind  or  under  the  ear. 

HYPOTROPIIE,  Relapse. 

HYPOTROPII'IA,    Jlypot'rophy,    from    'vne, 
'under,' and  Tpoipn,  '  nouri.-hment.'     Scanty  nour- 
ishment or  nutrition.     Atroitliy. 
HYPOTROPIAS.MUS,  Relapse. 

HYPOTRYGUS,  Feculent. 

HYPOUCAX-XA,  Ipecacuanha. 


HYPOUTRION 


485 


HYSTERO-CYSTOCELE 


nYPOUTKION,  Abdomen. 

llYrOXKMIE,  Asphyxia. 

HYPOX'YS  KREC'TA,  Sfnr;fra8s ;  from  *uto, 
•beneiith,'  and  o(v(,  'sharp,'  because  the  pod  is 
acute  at  the  base  [?]  ;  indigenous;  Order,  Auia- 
ryllidacea;.  The  root  is  eaten,  and  has  been  used 
as  a  vulnerary;  and  in  chronic  ulcers  and  agues. 

HYPOZO'MA,  from  'un-o,  'under,'  and  ^(owv/it, 
'1  bind  round;'  Membraiia  micciu'tjeun.  A  mem- 
brane or  septum,  as  the  mediastinum,  diaphragm, 
&c. 

HYPPOCRAS,  Claret. 

IIYPSKLOIJLOSSUS,  Rasio-lossus. 

HYPS  I  LOOKS.  OS,  Ilvoides  03. 

HYPSII,0(11.0SSUS,  ilyoglossus. 

IIYI'SOXOSIIS,  Puna. 

llYPSOP110'x\lIS,from'ut;-oj, 'high,'and0uv»;, 
'voice.'     One  who  has  a  clear  high  voice. 

HYPSOSIS,  Sublimation. 

IIYPTIASMA,  Supination. 

IIVPTIAS'MOS,  from  'uTrna^u),  'I  lie  with  the 
face  upwards.'  Lying  in  a  supine  posture.  Also, 
inversion  of  the  stomach,  as  in  nausea,  regurgi- 
tation, or  vomiting. — Hippocrates,  (Jalen. 

IIYPU'LUS,  from  'vko,  and  ovXri,  'cicatrix.' 
Imperfectly  cicatrized. 

L'Icerx  lii//>ii'/((.  Ulcers  healed  at  the  top,  but 
not  at  the  bottom. 

lIYRA'CEUiM.  A  substance  found  in  the 
Cape  Colony,  which  Thutiberg  and  other  travel- 
lers mistook  for  a  kind  of  bitumen  ;  l)ut,  accord- 
ing to  Dr.  Pappe,  it  is  obtained  from  the  urine  of 
the  K/i/i(l(is  or  Hi/rax  Udpeimin,  which,  when 
passed,  is  thick  and  of  a  glutinous  nature.  The 
animal  is  in  the  habit  of  evacuating  the  urine  at 
one  spot,  where  its  acjueous  parts  evaporate  in 
the  sun  —  the  more  tenacious  adhering  to  the 
rock  and  hardening. 

In  smell,  and  medical  i)roperties,  it  most  re- 
sembles castor,  which,  according  to  Dr.  Pappe,  it 
may  replace.  It  is  used  by  the  Cape  farmers  in 
nervous  and  spasmodic  atfectiims. 

IIYRAX  CAPKNSIS,  see  Hyraceum. 

IIYRTOCHEILIDES,  Labia  pudendi. 

HYSOI'E,  Hyssopus. 

HYSSOP,  Hyssopus  — h.  Hedge,  Gratiola  offi- 
cinalis. 

HYSSOPI'TES.  Ancient  name  of  a  wine,  of 
which  hyssop  was  the  chief  ingredient,  and  which 
Dioseorides  e.\tolled  in  chronic  inflammation  of 
the  chest.  It  was  regarded  as  diuretic  and  em- 
uienagogne. 

IIYSSO'PUS,  from  the  Hebr.  Azoh,  CawS'olo, 
Ifi/xiiijiita  iilficiiift'/in,  CuiiiiiKiii  /ii/snop,  (F.)  Ili/i'ipe. 
It  has  been  chiefly  used  as  an  aromatic,  stimu- 
lant, and  pectoral,  in  the  form  of  infusion. 

IIYSTERA,  'varepa,  'vaTipij,  'the  uterus.' 
Hence : 

HvsTKitA,  Secundines. 

HYSTERAL'lilA,  Ifi/s-terodipi'ia,  (F.)  For- 
tniitnre,  from  'varipa,  'the  uterus,'  and  a\yos, 
'pain.'  Pain  in  the  uterus.  Irritable  iiteriin,  (¥.) 
Xh'rahjie  de  I'lileriia.  Hippocrates  uses  the  epi- 
thet UiiHter(d'<jf>>,  vaTtpa\ytii,  for  any  thing  that  cx-f 
cites  uterine  pain  :  and,  especially,  [?]  for  vinegar. 

HvsTi'.itALiJiA  CATAratii Ai.i.'^,  Metrorrheuma  — 
h.  Galactica,  Plilegmatia  alba  dolens  —  h.  Lochi- 
alis,  Dyslochia — h.  Rheumatica,  Metrorrheuma. 

HYSTERAPOPNIXIS,  Angone. 

HYSTERATRE'SIA,  Atretome'tria,  from 
'vttTcpa.  'the  uterus,'  and  arptiTu;,  'imperforate.' 
luiperforation  of  the  os  uteri. 

HYSTERELCO'SIS.  from  'varepa,  'uterus,' and 
'c\ko(,  'an  ulcer.'    U'leri  exidcera'tio,  U'leri  ulcus. 
Ulceration  of  the  uterus. 
HYSTEKELOSIS,  Hysteroloxia. 
HYSTEREMPHl^SE.MA.  Physoraetra. 
HY'STE'RIA,  //.  vqija,  Hijiitei-ici»'mua,Uyateris- 


mu»,  Hynterias,  Hysieri'aeig,  Ifi/Dteropathi'a,  Hy- 
perclnc'nia  ulcri'iia  seu  hyile'rin.  Uteri  adxceit'- 
mis,  Suffovd'tio  hyxter'icn  seu  uteri'iia  seu  mulie'- 
rum,  Aatlniia  ti'teri,  Pra-.focn'tio  matri'cis  seu 
vteri'iia,  Syipa'aia  hyHterta,  Malum  hyuter'ivum 
sen  hynterico-hypoehi,udri'ocum,  V'apo'res  uteri'ni, 
Ajffec'tio  seu  Puinio  hyster'ica,  Morbus  hysler'icus, 
iStrauijidd'tio  uteri'nu  seu  Vulree,  Vnpourn,  Nijs- 
ter'ics,  Hysteric  fit,  Mother,  {¥.)  Byslerie,  Mai 
de  Mere,  Maladie  imnyiuuire,  Passion  hyslerlque. 
Suffocation  uteriue,  £trauf/lemeut,  Epihpsie  utS- 
riue,  Vapeurs,  Mauj:  de  Aer/s,  from  'varcpa,  'the 
uterus.'  A  species  of  neurosis,  classed  amongst 
the  spasmi  by  Sauvages  and  Cullen,  and  in  the 
Neuroses  de  la  (jeueration,  by  Pinel.  It  received 
the  name  of  hysteria,  because  it  was  reputed  to 
have  its  seat  in  the  uterus.  It  generally  occurs 
in  paroxysms;  the  principal  characters  of  which 
consist  in  alternate  fits  of  laughing  and  crying, 
with  a  sensation  as  if  a  ball  set  out  from'  the 
uterus  and  ascended  towards  the  stomach,  chest, 
and  neck,  producing  a  sense  of  strangulation.  If 
the  attack  be  violent,  there  is,  sometimes,  loss  of 
consciousness  (although  the  presence  of  conscious- 
ness generally  distinguishes  it  from  epilepsy)  and 
convulsions.  The  duration  of  the  attacks  is  very 
variable.  It  appears  to  be  dependent  upon  irre- 
gularity of  nervous  distribution  in  very  impres- 
sible persons,  and  is  not  confined  to  the  female; 
for  well-marked  cases  of  hysteria  are  occasionally 
met  with  in  men.  During  the  fit, — dashing  cofd 
water  on  the  face,  stimulants  applied  to  the  nose, 
or  exhibited  internally,  and  antispasmotlics,  form 
the  therapeutical  agents.  Exercise,  tranquillity 
of  mind,  amusing  and  agreeable  occupations  con- 
stitute the  pro|)hylactics.     See  Mania,  dancing. 

Hystkuia  Catalki'tica,  Catalepsy  —  h.  Vaga, 
Hysteria. 

HYSTERIAS,  Hysteria. 
HYSTERIASIS,  Hvsteria. 
HYSTERICA,  see  Hysterical. 
HYSTER'ICAL,  Ify'ster'icus,  Va'pourish,  Va'- 
pouring,  (F.)  Hysteriqne.     Same  etymon  as  hys- 
terical.    Relating  to  or  affected  with  hysteria. 

The  word  hysterica  was  used  by  Martial  for  a 
female  affected  with  nymphomania  or  with  strong 
sexual  desires. 

HYSTERICISMUS,  Hysteria. 
HYSTERICS,  Hysteria. 
HYSTERIE,  Hysteria. 
HYSTERISMUS,  Hysteria. 
HYSTERITES,  Ilydrometra. 
IIYSTERITIS,  Metritis,  Hydrometra. 
IIYSTEROCARCINOMA,  Metrocarcinoma. 
HYSTEROCE'LE,  from  'vanpa,    'the  womb,' 
and   Kri\ri,    'hernia.'     Metroce'le,   J/cr'uia    u'teri, 
Heruia  of  the  xromb.     This  is  a  rare  disease.     The 
womb  may  protrude  through  the  ijnguinal  or  the 
crural  canal,  or   through  the  lower  part  of  the 
linea  alba. 

HvsTKROCKLE  Ntda,  Prolapsus  uteri. 
HYSTEROCOLICA,  Colica  uterina. 
HYSTEROCNES'MUS.  from  'varepa,  'uterus,' 
and  KVTjciioi,  '  itching.'     Pruritus  of  the  uterus  or 
genitals. 

HYSTEROCRANIUM,  Occiput. 
HYSTEROCYESIS,  Pregnancy. 
HYS'TERO-CYSTIC,  hys'terocys'ticus,  from 
'varepii,  'the  uterus,'  and  Kvari;,  'the  bladder.' 
Relating  to  the  uterus  and  bhulder.  Some  au- 
thors have  called  Jfystero-cystic  lit  teiitiou  of  urine, 
that  which  is  caused  by  the  compression  of  the 
bladder  by  the  uterus,  during  pregnane}'. 

HYSTERO-CYSTOCE'LE,  from  'vcrcpa,  'the 
womb,'  <fu<TT(f,  'the  bladder,'  and  k/jXi;.  'a  tumour. 
Hernia  of  the  uterus  complicated  with  displace- 
ment  of  the  bladder. 


IIYSTERODYNI.V 


4  86 


I A  T  R I  \  !•: 


irVSTRRODYNrA,  irvsteral<,na. 

IIYSTE1UEI)1;MA,  llydromotra. 

HYS'T EROID,  Hyutero'den,  Ilynterot'des,  from 
'hi/nteria,'  and  iiioi,  'resemblance.'  Resembling 
hysteria  ; — :i.<  a  hysteroid  disease,  symptom,  Ac. 

HYSTEROL'OGY,  Hijfteroloif'ia,  from  'varcpa, 
'the  uterus,' and  \oyoi,  'a  description.'  A  trea- 
tise on  the  sound  and  morbid  uterus. 

IIYSTKROLOX'IA,  Hi/xterelo'sh,  OhUq'uitas 
seu  Situs  obli'ijuni  uteri,  Flexio  scu  Vemio  in- 
comple'tii  seu  Iiicliiia'tio  uteri,  Metrolox'tn,  Me- 
trocaiiijm'in,  Mttruscolio'ma,  Uterus  ohli'quus  seu 
IiicHiin'tiis ;  from  'varepa,  'the  uterus,'  and  ^o(os, 
'oblique.'  An  oblique  position  of  the  uterus, 
cccurrinj;  during  pregnancy.  Anteversion  of  the 
uterus,  Hi/nterti/ux'ici  anterior,  Anteversio  scu 
Pronii'tio  uteri,  Venter  propeiiileiis ;  and  Retro- 
version of  the  uterus,  Uijsterolox'ia  posterior, 
Jietrover'sio  uteri,  Itejiex'io  uteri  completa,  are 
varieties. 

HYSTEROMALA'CIA,  Hysteromnhico'sis,  ITij- 
steromcilaco' ma,  Metromalnco'sis,  Met romalaco'ina , 
Malaco'sis  uteri,  Enn)//it"ies  uteri  morhosa,  Pu- 
treecen'tiii  u'teri  grav'idi,  from  'varepa,  '  the  ute- 
rus,' and  iiaXaKia,  'softness.'  Softness  of  the 
uterus  during  pregnancy,  which  renders  it  liable 
to  rupture  in  labour. 

IIYSTEROMALACOMA,  Ilysteromalacia. 

II YSTK ROMANIA,  Nymphomania. 

IIYSTERO.METER,  se'e  Sound,  uterine. 

HYSTEROMOCIILIUM,  Lever. 

IIYSTERON'CUS,  from  'varcfm,  'the  uterus,' 
and  oyKos,  'tumour.'  Metron'cus,  Jlysterophy'ma, 
J/etrophyma,  Tumor  uteri.  A  tumour  of  the 
uterus. 

IIYSTER0-PARAL'YSIS,//y«<cro;>/c'.7;«,from 
'varcfia,  'the  uterus,'  and  TrapaXvois,  'paralysis.' 
Paralysis  of  the  uterus. 

IIYSTEROPATIII'A,  from  'varepa.  'the  ute- 
rus,'and  nadoi,  'suffering.'  Disease  or  suffering 
in  the  uterus.  Also,  hysteria,  and  deutero- 
pathin. 

HY8TER0PIIYMA.  Ilysteroncus. 

IIYSTKROPIIYSE.  Physometra. 

HYSTEROPII'YSIS.  from  'nort/)-/,  'the  ute- 
rus,' and  011(7)7.  'wind.'  Distension  of  the  uterus 
with  air;    /■Jniphi/se'mn  u'teri. 

IIY.STEROPLEGIA,  Hysteroparalysis. 

IIYSTKROPNIX.  Angone. 

HYSTEROPOIA'PUS,  Metropolypus. 

IIY8TER0PS0PHIA,  Physometra. 

IIYSTEROPTO'SIS,  from  'varepa,  'the  womb,' 
and  TtTuats,  'fall;'  Prolapsus  uteri.    Also,  hiversio 


uteri,  Anns' '."ophe  uteri.  In  a  general  sense,  a 
protrusion  of  any  part  of  the  genital  organs  or  of 
excrescences  from  them  into  the  genital  passages  • 
^i-Stfopto'sis. 

lIvsTKHOPTOsis,  Prolapsus  uteri  —  h.  Va^inie 
prolapsus.  Prolapsus  yagin;e. 

IIVSTERORRIIAGIA  SANGUINEA,  Me- 
trorrhagia. 

IIYSTERORRIIEXIS,  Uterus,  rupture  of  the 

IIYSTERORRIICEA,  Metrorrhagia  — h.  Mu- 
cosa, Leucorrlioea. 

IIYSTEROSALPINX,  Tube,  Fallopian. 

IIYSTEROSCIRRHUS,  Metroscirrhus. 

IIYS'TEROSCOPE,  from  •vartpa,  'the  uterus,' 
and  oKOTTcw,  'I  view.'  A  metallic  mirror.  ummI  in 
inspecting  the  state  of  the  os  uteri  lor  thruwiii" 
the  rays  of  a  taper  to  the  bottom  of  the  speculum 
uteri. — Coloinbat  de  I'l.-ere. 

IIYSTEROSPASM'US,  from  'vGnpa,  'the 
womb,'  and  aTzaajioi,  'spasm.'  Spasm  of  ihc  ute- 
rus.    Also,  hysterical  spasm. 

IIYSTEROSTOMA,  Os  uteri. 

IIYSTEROSTOMAT'OMUS,  from  'vcrtpa.HU 
womb,'  aropu,  'oritice,'  and  Tcptvciv,  'to  cut.'  An 
instrument  invented  by  Coutuuly  for  dividing  lliu 
OS  uteri,  when  it  is  important  to  deliver  imuiudi- 
ately,  as  in  cases  of  convulsions. 

IIYSTEROSTOMIUM,  Os  uteri. 

HY8TKK()SVNIZESIS,  Metrosynizesis. 

IIYSTKROTOME,  llysterotouius. 

IIYSTEROTOM'IA,  Hysterot'omy.  Same  ety- 
mon as  llysterotomus.  CiBsarean  section.  Also, 
dissection  of  the  uterus. 

IIYSTHROTOMOTOCIA,  Cicsarean  section. 

IIYSTEROT'OMUS,  Hysterotome,  Metrol'om.is, 
Me'trotome,  from  'varepa,  'the  womb,' and  repvuv, 
'to  cut.'  An  instrument  for  dividing  the  wuuil) 
through  the  vagina.  It  is  a  kind  of  Bisiouri 
cache,  and  is  intended  to  divide  the  cervi.\  and 
OS  uteri, — 1 1 1/ st erostomat.' omns . 

IIYSTEROTRISM'US,  from  'varepa,  'the 
womb,' and  T/)(^(i>,  'I  gnash.'  Spasmodic  contrac- 
tion of  the  uterus,  esiiccially  of  its  mouth. 

HYSTREM  I'll  YSKMA,  Physometra. 

IIYSTRIASIS,  Ilystriciasis. 

IIYSTRId'ASIS,  Hystri'asis,  Hys'trix,  Hys- 
tricis'mus,  Cerostro'sis,  Triclio'sis  seto'sii,  from 
'varpi^,  'uarpt-f^ni,  'a  hedgehog  or  porcupine.'  A 
disease  of  the  hairs,  in  which  they  stand  erect 
like  the  quills  of  the  porcujiine. 

HYSTHIOISMUS,  Ilystriciasis. 

HYSTRIX,  Ilystriciasis. 

IIYVES,  Hives. 


I. 


lA^IA,  Medicament. 

lAMATOLOGY,  Materia  mediea. 

lAMATOSYXTAXIOLOGIA,  see  Prescrip- 
tion. 

lAMATOSYNTAXTS,  see  Composition. 

lAMATOTAXIOLOGIA,  see  Prescription. 

lASiMOS.  Curable. 

lA.'^I.S.  Curation. 

lATRRIA,  Me.licina. 

lATERIUS,  Medicinal. 

lATRALEIP'TICE,  latmllptice  (Ars).  Fatr*. 
Iciptic  or  fatrali/i'tic  method;  from  larpoi,  'a 
physician,' and  a>£ii;i.u),  'I  anoint.'  The  method 
of  treating  diseases  adopted  by  the  latraleptes, — 
that  is,  by  friction  chiefly. 

lATRALEP'TES,      latraleip'tes,     latralip'ta, 


fTairoleip'teJi,  Med'icus  Unguenta'rius.  One  who 
treats  diseases  by  unguents,  frictions*  and  by  ex- 
ternal means  generally.  Prodicus,  a  disciple  of 
.lEsculapius,  was  the  chief  of  the  latraleptes. 

lATRAEIPTES,  latraleptes. 

lATRALIPTICR,  latraleiptice. 

IATREUSIOLOG"IA,  from  tarpevaii,  'the  ex- 
ercise of  the  art  of  healing,'  and  \oyo;,  'a  de- 
scription.' The  doctrine  of  the  exercise  of  the 
healing  art. — Reil. 

lATREUSIS.    The  exercise  of  the  healing  art. 

lATRIA,  Medieina. 

lATRICE,  Medieina. 

IATRICU_S,  Medical;  see  Digitus. 

lATRI'NE,  Medieina.  Also,  a  female  practi- 
tioner of  medicine  J  a  midwife. 


lATRION 


48' 


ICTERUS 


lATRT'OX,  inTpctov,  Intrn'ox,  lii'tron,  Ii'lri'oii, 
Jtteilicdtri'iiu.  Tlio  house  or  office  of  a  physician 
or  surgeon.  Also,  the  physician's  fee  or  hono- 
riii'i  11)11. 

lATIlOC'IIKMrA.  Chymiatria. 
lATROCllVMIA,  Clivuiiiitria. 
IATK()(}N0M'I<'A./.Wr<-7»o,H'>V-e  ;  from  larpo;, 
'ii  Jihysit-iim,'  ami   yivijyaKia,   'I   know.'     A  kiiow- 
k-tlsje  of  in('iii(^al  ol)jecls. —  Ilnfoland. 
lATIlOLKIl'TKS,  latraleptos. 
lATKOIi<J(i"IA,    lutruVoijij,    from    inrcoi;,    'a 
physician,' anil  \oyo<;.  'ii  description.'     A  treatise 
on  pliysic  and  physicians. 

lATUOMAN'TIS,  from  larfwg,  'a  physician,' 
and  navTiia,  'divination.'  A  pliysician  who  is  a 
Bootlisiivcr. 

lATUO-MATIIEMATrCAL     PHYSICIANS, 
Jdli-iiiHiillii'iiiiil' ir!.      Mechlin iciil  pliysician s. 
lA'fKOMKCHAXICI,  Mechanical  physicians. 
lATROX,  latrion. 

lATRnPlIYSICS,  Physics,  medical. 
lAI'KOS.  latins. 

lATROSOPlirS'TA.from  larpoi,  'a  physician,' 
and  ai>'Pi(jTtii,  'one  skilled  in  an  art  or  science.' 
A  learned,  or  thoroughly  educated  physician. 

lATROTKCH'NA,  Larotech'nes ;  from  (arp«s, 
'  n,  (iliysician,'  and  Tt-j^yri,  'art.'  A  practical  phy- 
sician or  surgeon. 

JATROTKCIINICE.  Medicina,  Therapeutics. 
lATKUS,  liitros,  Physician;  also,  a  surgeon. 
IBHRIS,  Lepidiuiu  iberis. 

lUK'ltlS  Ama'ha,  Jh'tter  cnii(fijt>ift,  (F.)  PnHSe- 
rai/e,  from  Iberiit,  where  it  is  indigenous.  A 
siiih.ll  herbaceous  plant,  Ord.  Cruciferas,  indigen- 
ous in  Europe,  which  was  employed,  of  old,  in 
gout,  rheumatism,  ifcc.  The  seeds  have  been 
used,  in  the  dose  of  one  to  three  grains,  in  asthma, 
bronchitis,  dropsy,  and  hypertrophy  of  the  heart. 
It  is  said  to  possess  aero- narcotic  properties  ;  but 
it  is  not  much  used. 

luKUis  BiiitsA  Pastoius,  Thlaspi  bursa  —  i. 
Cainpestris,  Thlaspi  campcstrc — i.  Sophia,  Car- 
daiiiiiie  pratensis. 

riilCUIRA,  Ih'cuibn,  Becnihn  nur.  A  species 
of  nut  from  Rrazil,  the  emulsive  kernel  of  which 
is  r.inked  amongst  balsamic  remedies. 

IBIS,  ifiii.     A  bird  held  sacred  by  the  Egyp- 
tians.    When  sick,  it  is  asserted  that  it  was  wont 
to  inject  the  water  of  the  Nile  into  its  fundament : 
whence,  according  to  Langius,  was  learned  the 
use  of  glysters. 
IBISCHA  MISMALVA,  Altha;a. 
IlilSClTS,  Altha\i. 
IIUXUMA,  Sapon.aria. 

ICE,  Sax.  ir,  (lln'cies.  Frozen  tenter,  (F.)  Glace. 
Iced  water  is  much  used  internally,  as  the  best 
refrigerant  in  fever.  It  is,  also,  applied  exter- 
nally, in  cases  of  external  inflammation,  as  well 
as  in  plirenitic  and  hernial  affections,  Ac,  in  the 
form  of  the  ice-cap  and  ice-cataplanni  or  ice-j)oul- 
tice ;  formed  by  half  filling  a  bladder  with 
pounded  iee. 
ICE-CAP,  see  Ice. 

ICE-CO  LP,  /r.v  cold,  (F.)  Froid  glacial.  A 
very  strong  morbid  sensation  of  cold,  compared 
by  the  patient  to  that  which  would  be  produced 
liy  the  !ip)ilii'ation  of  pieces  of  ice. 
I<'E-l't)lII/nCE,  see  Ice. 
ICELAND,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Hot 
springs  are  found  in  every  part  of  Iceland.  The 
most  noted  of  these  is  one  called  Geyser,  two 
days'  journey  from  Ilecla,  and  near  Skalholt. 
The  diameter  of  the  basin  is  59  feet;  and  the 
lieight  to  which  the  water  is  thrown  is  often  more 
than  100.     The  heat  of  the  water  is  212°. 

ICE  PLANT,  Mesembryanthemuia  erystalli- 
nuiu,  Monotropa  uniflora. 

ICMNOS,  t;ti'oj.  The  foot.  The  sole  of  the  foot. 
The  heel. 


ICIIOR,  i^wp,  Tchog.     The  scrum  of  the  blood, 
Sanies,    Sordei,    Virus,   Pits    niiiliij'iiHm,    Tubuni, 
A  thin,  aqueous,  and  acrid  discharge. 
ICIIOROIDES,  Ichorous. 

ICII'OROUS,    Ichoro'mis,    Ichoroi'dcs,   Sanio'- 
siis,  Sa'uioiis,  (F.)  Jchorciijc,  Sanieux.    Belonging 
to  or  resembling  ichor. 
ICllOS,  Ichor. 
ICMTHYA,  Hook,  blunt. 

ICIITHYOCOL'LA.from  ix^v^,  ix^voi,  'a  fish,' 
and  KuWa,  'glue.'  CoUa  J'is'ciuiii,  I'siiKjluss, 
Fixh-'jiite,  (F.j  Mllnjncolle,  Culle  de  Poinxon.  A 
name  given  to  the  dried  swimming  bladder  or 
soHiid  of  Acipeiiser  huso,  and  other  species  of 
aeipenser,  which  is  almost  wholly  composed  of 
gelatin,  and  is  employed  in  medicine  in  the  for- 
mation of  nutritive  jellies.  It  is,  also,  occasion- 
ally useil  in  anatomical  injections.  The  Eiifjlish 
Court  Plaster  is  made  with  it.  In  Russia,  the 
Aeipenser  is  not  the  only  genus  from  which  isin- 
glass is  procured  ;  it  is  also  obtained  from  Siln'- 
nis  Gl((7iis,  which  Dr.  Royle  suggests  to  lie  the 
source  of  the  SanKiry  or  Snmovij  /siia/lass  of  com- 
merce. The  sounds  of  tlia  cod,  ling,  hake,  Ac, 
yield  it.  From  these  it  is  made  in  New  England; 
and,  in  England,  is  termed  New  York  Isiiajlass. 

ICIITIIYOPII'AGISTS,  Mihi/opl,'n,ji,  from 
'X^"^'  'X^^'"^'  '  "■  '■■■^hj'  and  (jjayw,  '  1  eat.'  People 
wiio  feed  habitually  on  lish  ; — generally  the  most 
uncivilized  of  mankind. 

ICHTHYOPHAGOUS,  Piscivorous. 

ICHTIl YOSE,  Ichthyosis. 

ICHTIIYO'SIS.  from  i^v^j  ix^voi,  'a  fish,' 
from  the  resemblance  of  the  scales  to  those  of  a 
fish.  Lepid<i'sis,  Ichthyi'asis,  L.  hhtliyo'sis,  Le- 
pra Mitlii/o'sis,  Alvariis  nigra  (Arab.),  Iinpeli'go 
cxforticati'ra,  (P.)  Iclitlnjose ;  Fislishiii,  Porc\i- 
piiie  Disease.  A  permanently  harsh,  dry,  scaly, 
and,  in  some  eases,  almost  horny  texture  of  the 
integuments  of  the  body,  unconnected  with  in- 
ternal disorder.  Willan  and  Batemaii  have  two 
varieties,  J.  simp/ex  and  /.  rorvra.  Alibcrt  has 
three,  the  /.  vacree  or  pearly,  the  /.  coriiee,  and 
the  /.  pel  lag  re  or  Pellagra. 

Ichthyosis  Peli-agua,  Pellagra. 

IcHTIIVOSIS  Seba'cEA,  Siba'ceoHS  Iclillnjo'sis. 
A  morbid  incrustation  of  a  concrete  suliaceous 
substance  upon  the  surface  of  the  epidermis,  con- 
founded, according  to  Mr.  E.  Wilson,  with  ich- 
thyosis, to  which  it  bears  a  close  resemblance. 
In  many  cases  there  is  neither  redness  nor  heat, 
nor  is  the  affection  often  accompanied  by  consti- 
tutional svmptoms. 

ICHTIIYOTOX'ICUM,  from  ix^v?.  tx^vos.  'a 
fish,'  and  tc^ikov,  'a  poison;'  Icli'tliyus,  fish 
poison. 

ICIITHYUS,  Ichthyotoxieum. 

I'CICA  ARACOUCHI'NI.  Amcouchini  is  a 
balsam,  extracted  by  incision  from  this  tree  in 
Guyana.     The  Galibis  use  it  for  healing  wounds. 

IcicA  IcicAHiBA,  SCO  Auiyris  elemifera. 

ICTAR,  Vulva. 

ICTERE,  Icterus  —  ?.  Bleu,  Cyanopathy  —  ?. 
des  Nouvean-nes,  Icterus  infantum — i.  Noire, 
Jlehcna. 

ICTERIC,  Icterieus. 

ICTERIC  FEVER,  REMITTING,  see  Re- 
lajise. 

10T£niClE,  Icterus. 

ICTERICUS,  Antiicteric.  Also,  relating  to,  or 
rembling  Icterus;  Ic'teric,  Ictero'i'des,  Ictero'- 
dcs.  (F.)  Icteriqiie. 

ICTERITIA  ALBA,  Chlorosis— i.  Flava,  Icte- 
rus— i.  Rulx-a.  Erysipelas — i.  Rubra,  Erysipelas. 

ICTRRODES,  Icterieus. 

ICTERUS,  /.  flams  seu  verus,  from  <«n?,  a 
species  of  weasel,  whose  eyes  are  yellow  [?].  (Urtpos 
meant,  with  the  ancients,  a  yellow  bird,  perhaps 
the  Oriole;)  Morhua  arctia'tus  seu  arqua'tu«,  Le^e- 


ICTODES   FCETIDUS 


488 


[GNATIA   AMARA 


nJ{  morbus  (Paracelsus),  Aiirn'tfo,  Ami'go,  }for- 
him  regiim  seu  littc'oliis,  Cholelith' t<i  icIeniH,  Cho- 
iilim' mill,  Cholee'mid,  Chohiphi'nta,  Cholo'sis.  Der- 
vi'itochiilo'«>i,  Siiffii'iiio  aiiiiyi)io'8(t  sou  fellln  seu 
bi/iH,  IcteritHt  ftava,  Il'eiin  jhnum  seu  ivteroides, 
CiieJiex'ia  icter'ieit,  Frllii  Hiijf'n'iiio  seu  i/hstriiv'tio 
seu  Siiper/n'ttio,  Bll'ioiiH  JJi/s'crnni/,  Jiiundice, 
Yellows,  Jdiiders,  Jaiiiiilers,  (Sc.)  Giilxrliocli, 
(Prov.)  Joinis,  (F.)  Jctere,  /clericie,  JiiiDiisse, 
Bile  repaiidiie.  A  disease,  the  principal  syuiptoui 
(if  which  is  yellovTness  of  the  skin  and  eyes,  with 
white  f;eces  and  high-coloured  urine.  It  admits 
of  various  causes;  in  fact,  anything  which  can 
directly  or  indirectly  obstruct  the  course  of  the 
bile,  so  thiit  it  is  taken  into  the  mass  of  blood  and 
produces  the  yellowness  of  surface  ;  —  the  bile 
being  separated  by  the  kidneys,  causes  yellowness 
of  urine,  and  its  being  prevented  from  reaching  the 
intestine  occasions  the  pale-coloured  ffeces.  The 
prognosis,  in  ordinary  cases,  is  favourable  ; — when 
complicated  with  hepatic  disease,  unfavourable. 
The  treatment  is  simple  :  —  an  emetic  or  purga- 
tive, given  occasionally  so  as  to  elicit  the  return 
of  the  bile  to  its  ordinary  channels  ;  light;  tonics  ; 
unirritating  diet;  cheerful  company,  <fec. 

IcTKiuis  Albi's,  Chlorosis. 

ICTEKtis  lNl''AN'TU>f,  /.  Neounto' rnw,  Neotoc- 
ict' eruij'ipdict' eni8,  Aiiri'r/o  nenpliyto' rum,  Yellow 
yum,  Yellow  yowii,  (F.)  Ictere  dei  iioitvefin-iieH,  is  a 
common  affection,  and  frequently  dependent  upon 
obstruction  of  the  choledoch  duct  by  the  meco- 
nium. It  requires  timej  and  castor  oil,  occa- 
sionally. 

ICTEUirs  Melas,  Slelaena  —  i.  Neonatorum,  I. 
infantum — i.  Niger,  Melaena. 

IcTKKiis  Sati'um'niis,  Lead  jfiundice.  The 
earthy-yellow  hue  in  saturnine  cachexy. 

ICTEUUS  Viit'iDis,  Green  jiinndice.  Icterus 
when  the  skin  is  of  a  green  or  olive  hue. 

ICTODES  FCETIDUS,  Dracontiura  foetidum. 

ICTUS.  'A  stroke  or  blow;'  Pleije,  Plaga. 
Iftna  hoHh,  a  stroke  of  the  sun.  See  Coup  de  eo- 
leil.  IctuK,  also,  means  the  pulsation  of  an  artery, 
and  the  sting  of  a  bee  or  other  insect. 

Ictus,  Blow — i.  Cordis,  see  Heart — i.  Cordis  et 
iirteriarum,  Pulse  —  i.  Sanguinis,  Apoplexy  —  i. 
Soils,  Coup  de  aoleil. 

IDE'A,  Id'en,  Ido'lum,  Ideach  [?  Paracelsus], 
(F.)  Idee,  from  ti^u,  '  I  see.'  The  image  or  re-' 
presentation  of  an  object  in  the  mind. 

Idea,  Fi.xed  or  Phedom'i.nant,  Id'ea  fxa, 
Jileopei/'iiKi.  Tension  of  the  inind  on  one  notion  ; 
often  observed  in  insnnity. 

Id'ea  Moiibi.    Knowledge  or  idea  of  a  disease. 

IDEACH,  Idea. 

IDEAGENOUS,  Sentiment. 

IDE'AL,  Idea'lii.     Mental,  notional,  fancied. 

Morbi  idealen.  Ideal  diseases.  Diseases  of 
the  imagination. 

IDEA'TION,  Tden'tio,  from  'idea.'  The  estab- 
lishment of  a  distinct  mental  representation  or 
idea  of  an  object. 

IDEE,  Idea. 

IDEN'TITY  (PERSONAL),  Tden'tiins,  from 
idem,  '  the  snme.'  S'lnieuens.  It  is  sometimes  a 
question  in  legal  medicine  to  decide  upon  per- 
sonal identity  :  that  is,  whether  an  individusil  he 
the  same  he  represents  himself  to  be.  Physical 
marks  form  the  great  criteria. 

IDEOL'OGY,  Ideolo;i"io,  from  £i(5io,  'I  see,' 
nnd  Aoyof,  'a  discourse.'  The  science  of  ideas. 
Intellec'ual  philosophy. 

I'DEO-MOTOR.  A  name  given  by  Dr.  Car- 
penter to  muscular  movements,  the  result  of  com- 
plete engrossment  by  an  iden,  which  he  regards 
as  automatic,  although  originating  in  the  cere- 
brum. 

IDEOPEGMA,  Idea,  fixed. 


IDEOSYXCf/  YSIE,  Delirium. 

IDIAXtEA.  Idiotism. 

IDIAPOCAUSIS,  Combustion,  human. 

IDIEMPRKSIS,  Combustion,  human. 

IDIOCRASLS,  Idiosyncrasy. 

IDIOCTONIA,  Suicide. 

IDIOCY.  Idiotism. 

IDIO-MIASMATA,  see  iMiasm. 

IDIOPATIU'A,  Idiopathei'u,  Protopnthi'a, 
Pid'priua  affecluH,  Morliux  idiopiilh' ieua  seu  pro- 
priuv  seu  prima'riui  seu  prolopol/i'icun  seu  ori- 
ijinu'lin,  M<dum  prima' rium,{roin  tSto;,  '  ])eculiar, 
proper,'  and  vuioi,  'an  affection.'  A  primary 
disease;   one  not  de|)eniiing  on  any  other. 

IDIOPATiriC,  J'ro'prio  hab'ilu  sen  UouKlitu- 
tlo'ne  pro'piid  peudenn,  Jdiopnth' icun,  Idiop'a- 
thea.  Primary  affections  and  their  symptoms  are 
so  denominated. 

IDIOPTCY,  Achromatopsia. 

IDIOPTS,  see  Achromatopsia. 

IDIOSYNCRASIA,  Idiosyncrasy— i.  Ilsemor- 
rbagica,  Ilfematophilia — i.  Olfactorin,  Parosmia. 

IDIOSYN'CRASY,  Idioe'rany,  Idioayu'cruaia, 
Idioayiicra'nia,  Idiotrop'ia,  Idioe'rasia,  Idioayti- 
crii'ia,  from  liios,  '  peculiar,'  ovv,  '  with,'  and 
Kpaais,  '  tempera meiTt.'  A  peculiarity  of  consti- 
tution, in  which  one  person  is  affected  by  an 
agent  which,  in  numerous  others,  would  produce 
no  effect.  Thus,  shell-fish,  bitter  almonds,  pro- 
duce urticaria  in  some,  by  virtue  of  their  idiosyn- 
crasies.    Others  faint  at  the  sight  of  blood,  (fee. 

ID'IOT,  Idio'td,  'foolish,  stupid,  ignorant.' 
Now  used  for  one  who  is  fatuous,  or  wlio  does 
not  possess  sufficient  intellectual  faculiies  for  the 
social  condition,  and  for  preserving  himself  from 
danger, — Homo  fat' uiis,  (Prov.)  Dalvnp.  Fondling, 
Ilidjbil.  In  law,  one  who  has  been  without  un- 
derstanding from  his  birth,  and  whom  the  law 
presumes  to  be  never  likely  to  attain  any. 

IDIOTFA,  Idiotism — i.  Endermica,  Cretinism. 

IDIOT  IE,  Idiotism. 

ID'IOTISM,  Idiotia'mua,  Idioti'a,  Idimw'n, 
fmhecil'-lltaa  meiilia  ;  Mo'ria  demeua,  Aiia'fi,  Jlfii'- 
ria,  Moro'sia,  Jfeio'aia,  Fatu'itua,  Anieu'lia,  De- 
meu'tia  iKitura'lia,  Stupid'itaa,  Veeor'diu,  Iiiihe- 
eill'itaa  Inr/eu'ii,  Id'iory,  fd'iotci/,  Ftitu'iti/.  (F.) 
Demence  inuie,  Idiotiame,  fdiolie,  Apaychime. — 
Piorry.  Same  etymon.  A  species  of  unsound 
mind,  characterized  by  more  or  less  complete  ob- 
literation of  the  intellectual  and  moral  faculties. 
It  may  supervene  on  mania  and  melancholia, 
when  it  is  termed  Demeu'tiii,  but  more  commonly 
it  depends  upon  original  conformation.  It  may 
also,  be  symptomatic  of  organic  disease  of  the 
brain,  which  has  come  on  after  birth.  Idiotism 
exists  in  various  degrees.  Some  idiots  arc  mere 
automata,  exhibiting  scarcely  any  sensibility  to 
external  impressions ;  others  are  capable  of  arti- 
culating a  few  words,  and  possess  certain  mental 
emotions  to  a  limited  extent.  The  jihysiognuiny 
is  usually  vacant,  step  unsteady,  and  articulation 
imperfect  or  broken.  The  affection  is  almost  al- 
ways incurable:  but  it  may  often  be  palliated. 

IDIOTISM E,  Idiotism. 

IDIOTISMUS,  Idiotism  — i.  Endemicus,  Cre< 
tinism. 

iniOTROPIA,  Idiosyncrasy. 

IDOLUM,  Hallucination,  Idea. 
IDROSIS,  E|)hidrosis. 

lETRION,  latrion. 

IF,  Taxus  baccata. 

IFFIDES,  Plumbi  subcarbonas. 

IGDE,  Mortar. 

KJDIS.  Mortar. 

IGNA'TIA  AMA'RA,  Strychuoa  Ignn'iii,  Ig- 
vntia'iia  Pliilippin'iea.  Ord.  Apocynaceae.  The 
systematic  name  of  the  plant  which  affords  St. 
IgiKitiua'a  liean,  Fahn  In'dic<i  seu  S'aueti  ///»«'- 
tii    seu  febrif'uga,  (F.)  Ljnatie,   Fice    dc  &iint 


IGNATIE 


489 


ILEX 


J'inace,  Noix  d' ffiannr.  The  seeds  nre  bitter  and 
yioisonous,  contiiiiiing  strychnin,  and  only  nppciir 
l<)  (iiffor  from  mix  vomica  in  containing  a  hirger 
proportiDn  of  that  ali<aloid.  I 

1(1  X A  TIf'J,  I;;natia  auiara.  I 

lONAV^IA,   Inertia  —  i.  seu  I;^navitas  partium 
genitiilinni.  Impotence. 
KJNIS,  •  fire.'     Hence: 

Jgnis  Actualis,  Cauterium — i.  Animalis,  Ani- 
ninl  heat. 

I(!Nis  Cai/idus.  'A  hot  fire.'  A  violent  in- 
lliinunation,  a))out  to  degenerate  into  gangrene. 

Ignis  ColumklL;!!,  Erysipelas. 

Ignis  Fi{ig"idus.     'A  cold  fire.'     Sphnoelus. 

loNis  Natuiialis,  Animal  heat  —  i.  Persicus, 
Anthrax,  Herpes  zoster — i.  Philosophicus,  Phos- 
phorus—  i.  Potentialis,  sec  Cauterium — i.  Sacer, 
Erysipelas,  Herpes  zoster  —  i.  Sancti  Antonii, 
Erysipelas. 

lasts  Sapikn'tium.  The  ancient  name  for  the 
heiit  of  horses'  dung. 

Ignis  Svlvat'iciis.  /.  8>/Iren'tr>s  seu  volnt'icus 
S^eu  vdhi'i/riim,  Striipli'iilitt  nylveii'trin  seu  volat'- 
iciia,  WiUljtre  rauli,  (F.)  Feu  saiiviuje  ou  volacje, 
Flniiih(il»e.  Probably,  the  Porri'r/o  larvd'lis  or 
Cnii<l((  Idc'teii  of  infants.  Also,  a  transient  red- 
ness of  the  face  and  neck,  sometimes  observed  in 
hysterical  and  chlorotic  females. 

Ignis  Sylvksthis,  I.  sylvaticus  —  i.  Vitalis, 
Aniiiiiil  boat  —  i.  Volagrius,  I.  sylvaticus — i.  Vo- 
laticus,  I.  svlvatieus. 

KJNIVOilOUS,  Pyrophagus. 

KJNYE,  Poples. 

KiNYS,  Poples. 

ILAPIIIS,  Arctium  lappa. 

ILEA,  Flanks. 

ILEAO  PASSION,  Ileus. 

ILEADELPII'US,  from  i/eitm,  'the  ileon,'  and 
ni5fXi/>o?,  '  brother.'  A  double  monster,  united  at 
the  pelvis,  and  below. 

ILECII.  Y'lech,  Ilei'nx.  JUa^'ter,  Ylix'fer,  Eli- 
au'ler,  [liriit'lnim,  11  ni' art  on,  llei'dim,  Ilei'ndiim, 
Ili'iidiis.  Terms  used  by  Paracelsus  to  desig- 
nate the  first  matter:  —  the  beginning  of  every 
thing. 

ILEIADOS.  Ilech. 

ILEIADUM,  Ilech. 

ILEIAS,  Ilech. 

ILEIDOS,  Ilech. 

ILEI'TIS.  from  Hpiiii),  'the  intestine  ileum,' 
nnd  ill's,  a  snfRx  denoting  inflauiination.  Inflam- 
iii:ition  of  the  ileum. 

ILEO.  In  composition,  relating  or  appertain- 
ing to  the  ileum. 

IliEO-t'IIOLOSIS,  Dinrrhrea,  bilious. 

Ili'EO-COLIC,  Ihovu'UrMs.  Relating  to  the 
ileum  and  colon  : — as  the  ileo-eolic  valve  or  valve 
of  Bauhin. 

ILEO-COLITTS,  Enteritis. 

ILEOnTCTJDITK.  see  Typhus. 

ITiEO-IiUMBAR..  Uen-Inmha'/i's,  lUo-Inmha'ris. 
Belonging  to  the  ilinm  and  lumbar  region. 

Il.FO-IJiMBAIl  AuTKHY,  IU(i-l iimhtir  orten/,  Ili- 
nr-n-miiscdiir,  (Ch.)  is  given  off  by  the  hypogas- 
tric, opposite  the  base  of  the  sacrum.  It  ascends 
boliind  the  psoas  muscle,  nnd  divides  into  two 
branches  : — an  rinceiidiiu/  and  a  ti-niisverxe,  which 
give  off  numerous  ramifications  to  the  neighbour- 
ing parts. 

Il.KO-LnMBAR  Lig'AMF.NT.  [I io-Ilimhfir  or  Hio- 
liinilio-rir'lehr'i/  /u/iimrut,  Vcrlchro-ilinc  Ihjnmeut, 
is  H  broad,  membraniform,  triangular  ligament, 
extending  horizontally  from  the  transverse  pro- 
cess of  the  5th  lumbar  vertebrffi  to  the  upper  and 
posterior  part  of  the  iliac  crest.  It  unites  the 
vertebral  column  with  the  pelvis. 

IL'EON'.  fl'eiini,  Ei'lcoii,  Il'ltim,  hitesfi'niim 
circumiolii'tiini,  from  iiXtiv,  'to  turn,'  'to  twist.' 


Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  the  longest 
portion  of  the  small  intestine,  which  e.xtend8 
from  the  jejunum  to  the  esecum.  It  was  so 
called  from  its  forming  a  considerable  number 
of  convolutions. 

ILEOPYRA,  see  Typhus. 
ILEOSIS,  Ileus. 
ILEO-TYPHUS,  see  Typhus. 

ILE.S,  Flanks. 

IL'EUS.  Ei'leoH,  from  tiXtw,  'I  twist  or  con- 
tract.' C'o'lica  flens  seu  spiisnind'icu,  Eiiterele'sia, 
Eiiterel'i'm's,  Ileue  nponmod'icus,  Choidnp'suH, 
Pannfo  Ill'dtn,  Iliac  or  lle.ac  F^iHxiati,  Vol'nibis, 
Ilei/niH,  jUisere'ie  mei,  Coiiror ndiit,  T<irmrii'tum, 
Iiilercep'tio  Itilestiiiii'rinii,  EiiteroHtenit' xis  ridvuhm, 
(P.)  Co/iqiie  de  Jlinfriconle,  C.  de  ilixei-ere.  A 
disease,  characterized  by  deep-seated  pain  of  the 
abdomen,  stercoraceous  vomiting,  and  obstinate 
eonsti|)ation.  It  is  occasioned  by  hernia  or  other 
obstruction  to  the  passage  of  the  faeces  through 
a  part  of  the  intestinal  canal,  Enterosteiio'sii.  The 
term  Ileus  has  been  applied  to  various  affections 
— to  simple  nervous  colic,  intu>siisception,  and  to 
strangulation  of  the  small  intestine,  &c.  Various 
remedies  have  been  employed; — the  umjority  for 
the  purpose  of  procuring  alvine  evacuations, — as 
purgatives,  in  draught,  pill,  or  glyster;  supposi- 
tories, tobacco  glysters;  pure  mercury;  leaden 
bullets;  antispasmodics  and  narcotics  ;  blisters 
to  the  epigastrium  ;  ice  by  the  mouth,  or  injected 
into  the  rectum.  Some  of  these  have,  occasion- 
ally, succeeded,  —  especially  the  tobacco  glyster, 
and  ice  to  the  tumour,  where  the  disease  has  been 
occasioned  by  strangulated  hernia.  It  is  very 
dangerous. 

Ilkus  Flavus,  Icterus  —  i.  leteroides,  Icterus 
— i.  Inflamnintorius.  Enteritis. 

ILEX  AQUIFO'LIUM.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  Common  Holly,  Aquifo'lliim,  Aiji-ifo'liiim, 
Trpiioi  of  the  ancients  [?],  (Prov.)  Ilollen,  (Se.) 
Holyn,  Holeiie,  (F.)  Honx,  H.  commitn  ou  Chine 
vert.  Ord.  Aquifoliaeeae.  The  leaves  of  this 
plant  have  been  recommended  as  tonic,  astrin- 
gent, and  antiseptic,  and  have  been  prescribed  in 
atonic  gout,  intermittents,  dyspepsia,  &e.  Il'i- 
cine,  the  active  principle,  has  also  been  advised. 
It  is  obtained  by  dissolving  the  alc(diolic  extract 
of  the  leaves  of  the  holly  in  water,  and  succes- 
sively treating  it  with  the  subacetate  of  lead,  sul- 
phuric acid,  and  carbonate  of  lime.  The  filtered 
and  evaporated  product  is  then  dissolved  in  aleo- 
h(d:  nnd  the  mixture  filtered  and  evaporated  in 
shallow  vessels. 

Ilkx  Cassinb,  Ilex  vomitoria. 

Ilkx  Ma.ior.  From  the  berries  of  this  tree, 
called  by  the  Spaniards  Bellotns,  a  juice  may  be 
expressed,  which  forms  a  slightly  astringent 
emulsion  with  water,  and  has  been  recommended 
by  some  Spanish  physicians  in  humid  cough,  hae- 
moptysis. &c. 

Ilex  Mate,  Ilex  paraguensis. 

Ii>EX  Opa'ca.  Americfiti  Holli/.  grows  through- 
out the  Atlantic  portion  of  the  United  States.  It 
is  said  to  possess  the  same  properties  as  the  Eu- 
ropean variety. 

Il,EX  PAIiAGt'EN'siS,  T7?)»/'»i(OT  Iffrii/n'txm  seU 
CoKsino'i'dex.  Caixi'iie  Peiii'gitn  sou  Cnndinid'nti, 
T.  3l«te  :  a  native  of  Paraguiiy.  It  affords  the 
celebrated  Itfuttee,  or  Mate,  Fidiii  Apohichineii  seu 
Pera'ijnce,  which  is  drunk  in  place  of  the  Chinese 
tea  by  the  people  of  Paraguay.  By  M.  Lenoble, 
of  Montevideo,  the  maff  is  referred  to  Paoro'lca 
(//)i)idiilo's(t. 

Ilex  Vomito'riA,  /.  Cnei'ne,  Cunsi'na,  Da- 
hooH  holly,  Apalach'iiie  Gollis,  South-Sea^  Ten, 
Er'erqreen  Cd^ii'iie,  Camee'nn,  Yinipon,  Yopon, 
(F.)  The  dea  Apalachfs,  Hour.  Apolochiiie.  Apd- 
lachlne.  The  de  la  Mer  du  Sud.  A  tree,  indige- 
nous in  the  southern  parts  of  the  United  States. 


ILIA 


400 


ILLI 


The  lenves,  wlien  dried,  nre  aromatic,  stimulant, 
stomachic,   and    expectorant,   ami  are  used  as  a 
tea.     Wlien  fresh,  tliey  are  emetic  and  cathartic. 
ILIA,  Flanks. 

ILIAC.  Ili'urus,  ri'la!,  (F.)  fHaque,  from  Ilia, 
'the  flanks.'  llelating  to,  or  connected  with,  the 
flanks. 

Ii.iAC  Artehirs,  Arfc'riw  ni'ac(p.  This  term 
has  l)een  j;iven  to  several  arteries.  The  Priniari/ 
Ih'fics,  (F.)  A.  Ilinqiies  primitives, —  Pelvicntnihs, 
(Ch.)  arise  from  tlie  bifurcation  of  tlie  aorta,  op- 
posite the  body  of  the  4th  lumbar  vertebra,  and 
descend,  in  a  diverjrent  manner;  until,  opj)osite 
the  saero-iliac  symphysis,  they  divide  into  two 
considerable  trunks, — the  iiitenial  Iliac  or  hypo- 
gastric (which  see),  and  the  e.rtcnial  Iliac — Por- 
tion Iliaqne  de  la  crnrnle.  (Ch.)  This  proceeds 
from  the  sacro-iliac  juncture  as  far  as  the  crural 
arch,  when  it  assumes  the  name  Femoral  Artery. 
Before  passini^  under  the  arch  it  gives  off  two 
pretty  considerable  branches,  —  the  E])i</aKtric, 
and  the  Circumjlexa  Ilii.  This  last,  which  is 
called,  n\so, •niitrrior  Iliac  by  some  anatomists, — 
Circnuflex''  cle  r Iliiitn  (Ch.)  ;  leaves  the  external 
iliac  at  the  crural  arch.  It  ascends  along  the 
outer  edge  of  the  iliacus  muscle,  and  divides  into 
two  branches — an  iittenial  and  an  exterval. 

The  Iliaca  luter'nn  Minor  seu  Ilin  linnbal'is  is 
a  small  artery,  which  sometimes  arises  from  the 
hypogastric;  at  others,  from  the  beginning  of  the 
gluteal.  It  is  sent,  chiefly,  to  the  psoas  and  ilia- 
cus  internus  muscles. 

Ii,lAC  CuKST,  Crista  H'ii,  is  the  upper  margin 
of  the  ilium.  (F.)  Crete  Iliaqne.  It  is  very  thick, 
and  curved  like  the  Italic  S.  It  affords  attach- 
ment to  the  broad  muscles  of  the  abd(unen. 

Iliac  Foss^.  are  two  in  number;  the  internal, 
the  depression  presented  by  the  ilium  on  its  inte- 
rior, and  at  the  upper  part  in  which  the  Iliaetm 
internus  is  lodged  : — and  the  e.rternal,  an  e.xcava- 
tion  on  the  outer  surface  of  the  same  bone,  occu- 
pied by  the  GlntcBi  mnxclen. 

Il.IAC  MrSri.E.  IntKHNAT,.  Ili'aeuti  internun 
JfiiHcle,  lliaenH,  Iliaco-troehanterien  (Ch.);  Fe- 
mur moven'tinm  sep'timns.  Iliac  mnarle,  is  situate 
in  the  fossa  iliaCa,  and  at  the  anterior  and  supe- 
rior part  of  the  thigh.  It  is  broad,  radiated,  tri- 
angular; and  is  attached,  ahore,  to  the  two  upper 
thirds  of  the  fossa  iliaca,  and  to  the  internal  part 
of  the  iliac  crest: — below,  it  terminates  by  a  ten- 
don, which  is  common  to  it  and  the  psoas  mag- 
nus.  and  is  fixed  into  the  lesser  trochanter.  When 
this  muscle  contracts,  it  bends  the  pelvis  on  the 
thigh,  and  conversely.  It  is  also  a  rotator  of  the 
thigh  outwards,  and  prevents  the  trunk  from 
falling  backwards. 
Iliac  Passiov,  Ileus. 

Imac  Rfgions,  liee/io'iiei  ili'ac(P,  Tnan'ia,  are 
the  sides  of  the  abdomen  between  the  ribs  and 
the  hips. 

Iliac  SpiNKS,  Spinnnn  Proc"esiies  of  tie  Ilinm, 
are  four  in  number.  They  are  distinguished  into 
anterior  and  poaterior.  Of  the  anterior,  one  is 
superior.  It  bounds  the  crista  ilii  anteriorly,  and 
affords  origin  to  the  sartorius  muscle.  The  other 
is  inferior,  and  receives  the  tendinous  origin  of 
the  rectus  femoris. 

The  two  PoKterior  Iliac  Spines  are  divided, 
like  the  anterior,  into  superior  and  inferior. 
They  afford  insertion  to  strong  ligaments,  which 
unite  the  ilium  with  the  sacrum. 

ILIACO-TROCHANTERIEN,  Iliacus  inter- 
nus. 

ILIACUS,  I.  internus — i.  Externus,  Pyramid- 
al ■!!. 

ILTADITS,  Ilech. 
ILIAL.  Iliac. 
ILIA  ST  KR,  Ilech. 
ILIASTRUM,  Ilech. 


ILTNCO.'^,  Vertigo. 

ILKJ.  In  couiposition,  relating  or  apjiertain- 
ing  to  the  ilium. 

ILIO-AllDOM/XAL,  Obliquus  internus  nbdo- 
minis — i.  Aponerroni-femoral,  Fascia  lata  nuisclo 
—  ('.  Contal,  Quadratus  iumhoruiu  —  /.  ('rculi.iiliinl, 
Sartorius  —  i.  Femoral,  Coxo-feuioral  —  i.  llypo- 
gastricus  (nervus),  Musculo-ciitaiioous  nerve,  su- 
perior—  i.  Inguinal,  Mhs<  iilo-culaneoiis  nerve, 
inferior — t.  Ischii-trochanli-rien,  (iluticus  uiiiii- 
mus — i'.  Loinho-coHto-ahdominat,  OI)li(|uns  in- 
ternus  abdominis  —  i.  Luuihalis,  Ileo-luinliar,  s'-e 
Iliac  arteries — ?.  Lnmhi-eostal,  Quailr.-ilus  liinilni. 
rum — i.  Lumbo-vertebral  ligament,  Ileo-liunljar- 
ligament. 

IL'IO-PFCTINE'A,  Ileo-pectiueal,  belonging 
to  the  ilium  and  to  the  pectcn  or  pubis.  ' 

Ilio  Pkctinkal  E.minknce  is  so  called  from 
being  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  ramus  of  ilie 
iliuui  with  that  of  the  pubis.  It  affords  atladi- 
ment  to  the  psoas  minor. 

Ilio-Pkctinka  Lin'i'.A,  Linea  inuomina'ln,  is 
the  projecting  line  or  ridge  of  the  ilium  and  )iu- 
bis,  which  forms  (lart  of  the  brim  of  the  pelvis. 
ILIO-PJtFTIIilAL,  Sartorius. 
Ilio-Psoi'tis,  from  Ilium,  'the  ilion,'  </niij, 
'the  loins,'  and  itix,  denoting  iiillainmation.  In- 
flammation of  the  ilium  and  psoas  muscle. 

ILIO-l'UnO-COSTO-AIiDOMlNAL,  Ohli- 
quus  externus  abdominis — ;'.  Rotnlien,  Rectus  fe- 
moris—  i.  Sacral,  Sacro-iliac  —  i.  Sacral  arti(ula- 
tion,  Sacro-iliac  articulation  —  i.  Saero-fem<irul, 
Gluta'us  major  —  i.  Scrotal  nerve,  Musculo-cuta- 
neous,  superior — i.  Trovlianterien,  Glutieus  iiie- 
dius — )■.   TroeluDitfrien  petit,  GlutSDUS  minimus. 

IL'ION,  Il'iurn,  Il'eum,  Haunch  bone.  The 
largest  of  the  three  bones  whicli  constitute  tlie 
OS  innominatum  in  the  fa'tus  and  child.  It  was 
probably  so  called  from  its  seeming  to  support 
the  intestine  ilion  ;  or,  perhaps,  because  its  crest 
is  curved  upon  itself,  from  tiAtu,  '  I  twist,'  '  I 
roll.'  This  portion  of  the  os  innominatum  is 
usually  so  called  in  the  adult.  The  posterior 
surface  is  called  Dornum,  the  internal  Venter. 
The  upper  semicircular  edge  is  the  Criitn  or 
Spine,  at  the  anterior  part  of  wiiich  is  the  ante- 
rior and  Hiijx'rior  spinnui  proeexn ;  and,  below, 
the  anterior  and  inferior  i.],inoun  procexn.  At  tiie 
back  part  of  the  spine  are  two  KpinouH  proeeHKea, 
the  poHterior  and  «n]>erior,  and  posterior  and  iii- 
ferior.     See  Iliac. 

ILITIIY'IA,  E(Xa9u(a,   Lnci'na,  Juno  Lneina. 
The    goddess  who  presided    over    parturient   fe- 
males, with  the  (Jreeks  and  Romans. 
ILIUM.  Ileum,  Ilion. 

IL'KESTON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
IlKeston  is  in  Derbyshire,  England,  al)out  cigl.t 
miles  from  Nottingham.  The  water  contains 
carbonates  of  lime  and  soda,  chloride  of  ealcium, 
sul)ihate  of  magnesia,  suliihate  of  soda,  carbonic 
aciil,  sulphohydric  acid,  and  a  little  iron. 
ILL,  Sick. 

ILLACKY.MATIO.  Epiphora. 
ILLECEBRA,  Sedum  — i.  Major,  Seduin  tele- 
phium. 

ILLECEBRUM  POLYfiONOi'DES.  Achyran- 
thcs  repens — i.  Vermiculare.  Sedum. 

ILLEGIT'IMATE,  JllerjifimnK.  from  il,  i", 
'negati(m  or  opposition,'  and  letjitimuK,  'legiti- 
mate;' from  lex,  legis,  'law.'  ISastard.  That 
which  is  contrary  to  law:  which  has  not  the  con- 
ditions required  by  law.  as  an  illegitimate  birth 
— one  out  of  wedlock  ;  base-born,  lore-brijol,  lore- 
child. 

iLi.fiGTTiMATP.  or  Bastard  is  also   applied  to 
diseases— as  fevers,  vehose  progress  is  anomalous. 
See  False. 
ILLI,  see  Strabismus. 


ILLICIUM   ANISATUM 


491 


IMPETIGO 


TLLIC'TUM  ANISA'TUM,  from  illirere. 'to 
nllurc'  Yellow-Jlinceied  Ain'ne,  An'!»eed  Tree, 
Slur  Anine,  AiiI'huiii  uleUtt'tniii  seu  Siiieii'ie,  <S'e- 
iiiiii  liitdidii,  (F.)  AfiiH  tip.  la  Chine,  A.  etoUe, 
JhidJnnK.  Ord.  Magnoliaceic.  S<'X.  Syxt.  Poly- 
niiilria  PolyKynia.  The  seeds  nre  used  like  the 
aniseed.  The  same  tree  is  supposed  to  furnish 
the  aromatic  bark,  called  Cortex  Ani'ai  Stella'ti, 
Cortex  LnKoltt. 

lUiciuin  Anisatum  is  said  to  furnish  much  of 
the  so  called  Oil  of  Anise,  used  in  the  United 
States. 

Il.i.lciuM  Fl.oniDA'.vtnr,  Florida  Anite  Tree, 
Star  Aitixe,  Sweet  Laurel.  An  everj^reen  shrub, 
the  bark,  leaves,  <fec.,  of  which  have  a  spicy  odour 
like  anise,  and  mi>;ht  be  used  for  it. 

Il,LirniM  I'AUviFNo'niiM,  a  shrub  of  the  hilly 
rei'iiins  of  Georgia  and  Carolina,  has  a  flavour 
closely  resembling  that  of  sassafras  root. 

ILLIDES,  see  Strabismus. 

ILMNITIO,  Inunctiou. 

ILLISro,  Enlhlasis. 

ILLITIO,  Inunction. 

ILLITUS,  Inunction. 

ILLNESS,  Disease — i.  Monthly,  see  Menses. 

ILLOS,  Eye,  see  Strabismus. 

ILLO'SIS,  Ilo'xin,  from  iWaq,  'squinting.' 
Distortion  of  the  eyes.     Strabismus. 

ILUJSrO  SENSfiS,  Hallucination. 

ILLUSION,  Hallucination. 

ILLUTAMENTUxM,  see  Illutatio. 

ILLUTA'TIO,  from  //,  in,  'upon,' and  hitnm, 
'mud.'  A  word  used,  by  the  ancients,  for  the 
act  of  covering  any  i)art  of  the  body  with  mud, — 
illiitaiiieii'liim — with  therapeutical  views. 

ILOSIS,  Hlosis. 

IM.  In  composition,  generally  means  the 
same  as  in  ;  occasionally,  however,  it  has  the 
]>rivative  sense  of  hh. 

I  M  A  G  I N  A  '  T  I  0  N,  Imaginn'tio,  Fifjnra'tin, 
Phaotn'xia,  Diaiioe'iiia,  from  iiiiar/o,  imnrjinis, 
'image.'  The  faculty  of  forming  in  the  mind  an 
assemblage  of  images  and  combinations  of  ideas 
which  are  not  always  in  connexion  with  external 
objects. 

IMliALSAMA  TION,  Embalming. 

liMIJECIL'ITY,   Imhceil'lilas,    Stnpid'itn^,  Hc- 
betn'do    an'inii,    Olir/opxifcli' ia,    (E.)    ImijeeiUile. 
Weakness,    especially  of   the    intellect;    incohe- 
rcncy  ;    Iiiilieell'/itax  mctitis. 
IMIiECriJJS,  Infirm. 

IMDECILLITAS  INGEXTI,  Idiotism,  Imbe- 
cility—  i.  Mentis,  Idiotism,  Imbecility  —  i.  Ven- 
triculi.  Gastcrasthenia. 

IMI5KLLIS  AD  VENEREM,  Frigid. 
IMHER'BLS,    Imbcr'hna,    Ageuei'ox,    Apo'gim, 
from  im,  in,  'negation,'  and  harba,  'beard.'    One 
devoid  of  board. 
IMIHIHTIO,  Absorption,  Imbibition. 
IMHinrflON,  ymt/tfV'f'o,  Emp'oxis,  Axpira- 
tinii,  from  iinhihere  [in,  and  bibere),  '  to  drink,  to 
imbibe.'     The  action,  by  which  a  body  becomes 
penetrated  by  a  liquid.     See  Endosmose.     Many 
of  the    phenomena    of   absorption   are  owing  to 
imbibition. 
Imbibitiov,  Dounr.R,  Endosmose. 
IMBOWELLING.  Exentcrismus. 
IMBREX  NARIUM,  Septum  narium. 
IMBRICARIA  SAXATILIS,  Lichen  saxatilis. 
IMMERSUS.  Subscapularis  muscle. 
IM'MINENCE,  fmniineu'tia,  from  intmineo  (im, 
and  mineo),  'to    hang    over.'     Staying    over,  or 
upon  ;    impending.     Some    authors    have    desig- 
nated, by   this  term,  the  period  which   precedes 
the  invasion  of  a  disease ;  when  certain  indica- 
tions foretell  its  approach. 

IMMIXESCE  MORBIDE,  Diathesis,  Predis- 
position. 
IMMISSIO  CATHETERIS,  Catheterismus. 


IMMISSOR,  Catheter. 

IMMOIJILITAS,  Acinesia— i.  Pupillse,  Amau- 
rosis. 

IMMODERANTIA,  Intemperance. 

IMMODE RATIO,  Intemperance. 

IMMOVABLE  APPARATUS,  see  Apparatus, 
immovable. 

IMMUTANS,  Alterative. 

IMPACTED,  Wedged. 

IMPACTION,  Inipnc'tio,  from  impiinciere  (in, 
and  pant/ere,  pactitm,  'to  drive  in'),  'to  strike 
against,'  '  a  c(dlision.'  A  fracture  of  the  cranium, 
ribs,  or  sternum,  with  depression  of  some  of  the 
fragments  and  projection  of  others  externally. 
See  Ecpiesma. 

IMPA'TIENS  BALSAMI'NA,  Baham  weed, 
Touch-me-iiot.  Ord.  Balsaminacese.  This  pro- 
bably resembles  the  other  species  in  its  pro- 
perties. 

ImPA'tiENS  FuT.VA  and  I.  PAL'LinA,  Tonrh- 
me-not.  Jewel  weed.  Balsam  weed.  Slippers,  Cel'- 
andine,  Qnlek-iu-the-liand.  Weath'ereoehx,  Snap- 
weed ;  called  from  the  sudden  bursting  i)f  the 
pods  when  touched.  Indigenous  plants,  having 
tender,  juioy,  almost  transparent  stems,  and 
yellow  flowers,  which  appear  in  July  and  August. 
It  is  found  in  low,  moist  ground,  in  every  part  of 
the  Union.  The  properties  are  probably  the  same 
as  those  of 

Imi>a'tikns  Noli-me-tan'gkde  of  Europe,  which 
has  an  acrid  taste,  and  acts  as  an  emetic,  cathar- 
tic, and  diuretic. 

IMPATIENTIA  VESICA,  Cysterethismus. 

IMPEDIMENTUM,  Emphragma. 

IMI'KIIA  TOIRE,  Imperatoria. 

IMPERATO'RIA,  I.  Oxlm'thinm,  Seli'nnm 
ostrit'lliinin  sen  Tniperato'ria,  Anyel'iea  offieinn'lis, 
Axtrulhium,  Oxtrnthinm,  Axtran'tia,  Mat/ixtritn'- 
tia,  Masterirort,  (old  F.)  Anxtrnehe,  Imperataire. 
Ord.  Umbelliferte.  The  roots  of  this  plant  were 
formerly  considered  divi'nnm  remed'inm.  They 
are  merely  aromatic  and  bitter,  and  are  not  used. 

Imi'kkatouia  Svlvksthis,  Angelica  sylvestris. 

IMPERFORATE,  Atretus. 

IMPERFORATIO,  Iuii>erforation  —  i.  Ani, 
Atresia  ani  adnata.  Proctatresia  —  i.  PupillaB, 
Synezizis — i.  Uteri.  Motratresia. 

IMPERFORA'TION,  from  im,  '  privative,' ;)pc, 
'through,'andyoc(()'e.'to  bore.'  Imperfnra'lio.Atre'- 
sia,  Atretis'mns,  Cap'etiix.  Absence  of  a  natural 
aperture  ;  as,  of  the  mouth,  anus,  vulva,  nostrils, 
<fec.  It  is  congenital,  being  dependent  upon  faulty 
conformation. 

IM  PERFORATION  DE  L'AXUS,  Atresia 
ani  adnata. 

IMPE'RIAL.  A  pleasant,  cooling  drink,  formed 
of  bitartrate  of  potaxsa.  ^^ss;  one  lemon,  cut  into 
slices;  jrhite  siiyar,  ftss :  and  water,  Oiij.  Let 
the  mixture  stand  for  half  an  hour,  and  strain. 

IMPETIGINOSITAS,  Impetigo. 

IMPETIG"INOUS,  Impeliyino'xns,  (F.)  Tmp^. 
Ilyincn.r.  Same  etymon  as  the  next.  Having 
the  nature  of,  or  relating  to,  impetigo. 

IMPETI'GO,  from  impeto,  'I  invade.'  Tmpeti- 
ginos'itax,  Darin,  Der'bia,  Ini'petns,  Peti'go,  Ec- 
pye'xls  sen  Plili/xis  impeti'tjo.  Lepra  St/nani- 
rno'sa,  Running  Scall  or  Tetter,  Crnsled,  Pnxtnlar 
or  Humid  Tetter  or  Scall,  (^owrap,  (F. )  Dartre, 
D.  criistacee  ou  croiitense,  Lepre  hnmide,  3/eli- 
tagre.  A  word  used  in  various  acceptations. 
With  some  writers  it  is  synonymous  with  itch.  In 
others,  it  means  a  variety  of  herpes.  Sauvages 
employs  it  as  a  generic  term,  under  which  he 
comprises  syphilis,  scorbutus,  rachitis,  elephanti- 
asis, the  itch,  tinea,  scrofula,  Ac.  It  forms,  also, 
a  genus  in  the  class  CaehexicB  of  Cullen.  In 
Bateman,  it  is  the  first  genus  of  the  5th  order, 
PuxtulcE,  and  is  defined  —  the  humid  or  rnnniuij 
tetter;  consisting  of  small  pustules,  denominated 


IMPETUM    FACIENS 


492 


INCISIVE 


Pui/dracia.  It  is  unaccompanied  by  fever;  not 
contagious,  or  communicable  by  inoculation.  He 
has  five  species: — tlie  /.  Jitjitnt'td,  I.  eparsa, 
J.  erynipelato'des,  I.  scab' ida,  and  /.  rodeiis.  See 
Psoriasis. 

lMrr;ri(!0  Excorticativa,  Ichthyosis — i.  Fi- 
gurata,  Porrigo  lupinosa  —  i.  Pellagra,  Pellagra 
— i.  Ulccratii,  Zerna. 

I.Ml'KTl'M  FACIENS,  Enormon. 

I.MPKTUS.  Impetigo,  Paroxysm. 

IMl'LACIilXTAL.  see  Placenta. 

IMFLICATIONES  RBTICULARES  NER- 
VORU.M,  Ple.\us  nervorum. 

IMPLIC'ITI  MORBI,  Implica't!  sou  compli- 
C'l'li  Minhi.  from  im,  'in,'  and  plico,  'to  fold.' 
Diseases,  which  e.xist  in  an  organ ;  and  produce, 
Concurrently,  disorders  in  other  organs. 

IMPLUVIUM,  Embrocation,  Bath,  shower. 

IMPOSTIIUME,  Abscess. 

IJI'POTENCE,  Acrati'a,  Impoteii'lia,  I.  geiie- 
raiidi,  Atjeiuie'sia,  Aijeit' iiesis,  Iijuu' via  seu  Lj- 
liiiv'iloH  partitim  i/exitd'h'itm,  (F.)  Iiiijxiisnaiice  ; 
from  iiii,  'privative,'  and  potens,  'able.'  Loss  of 
])ower  over  one  or  more  of  the  members.  Com- 
monly, it  means  want  of  sexual  vigour;  inca- 
pacity for  copulation ;  and  chiefly  on  the  part  of 
the  male.  Aitys'ia,  Asti/ph'ia,  Astjno'dia,  Adi/- 
iinnu'a  viri'lis.  It  has,  also,  been  used  synony- 
mously with  Htcrillfi/.  Impotence  may  be  abno- 
liite  or  rc/alire,  coiislitiilidiial  or  local,  direct  or 
indirect.  periiKnietit  or  teniporari/. 

liMPOTENTIA,  Adynamia,  Impotence — i.  Ge- 
neramli,  Iiniiotence. 

LMPOV'ERISIIKD,  Effe'lnx,  Depaitpera'tns, 
(F.)  Appanrri.  'Having  become  poor;'  origi- 
nally from  (L.)  pniipnr,  (F.)  pativre,  'poor.'  The 
Humorists  a)iplied  this  epithet  to  a  humour,  de- 
prived of  a  part  of  its  constituents,  and  particu- 
larly to  the  blood.  This  fluid  was  considered  to 
be  impoverished  when  it  was  pale,  without  the 
proper  consistence,  and  abounding  in  serum.  It 
was,  on  the  contrary,  rich,  in  their  opinion,  when 
of  a  scarlet  colour;  possessing  consistence;  when 
it  coagulated  promptly,  and  the  quantity  of 
serum,  compared  with  that  of  the  clot,  was  by  no 
lueiins  considerable. 

IMPKiEGXATIO,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 

IMPREdNATION,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 

IMPRESSIBILITY,  see  Sensibility— i.  Great, 
Hyperffisthesis. 

IMPKES'SION,  Tmpres'sio  (in,  and  premere, 
jireH>ii(iii,  'to  press'),  Pros'bdle,  (F.)  £>iipreiiite. 
A  more  or  less  deep  indentation  which  certain 
organs  seem  to  make  on  others.  Inequalities 
observable  on  the  bones,  which  appear  to  be 
mnde  by  the  subjacent  organs. 

Imprks'sioxs  Dig"ital,  Iiiiprefiii't'iien  dlf/ifa'tcB 
cra'nii,  FoixcB  di</ita'/en,  are  the  depressions  of 
various  forms,  observable  at  the  inner  surface  of 
the  cranium,  which  look,  at  first  view,  as  if  they 
were  made  with  the  fingers. 

IMPRHSSIONABILITE,  see  Sensibility. 

IMPU'BER,  [mpii'bes,  Impn'hix.  Ane'biix,  C<t- 
pilla'tiix,  from  in,  'negation,'  a,nil  p>d)er,  'at  the 
age  of  puberty.'  (F.^  Iiiipi(b?.re.  One  who  has 
not  attained  the  age  of  pubertj'. 

IMPUBES,  Impuber. 

IMPUDICUS,  see  Digitus. 

IJf PUISSANCE.  Imi.otence. 

IMPULSE,  DIAS'TOLIC,  frnpnl's-is  diasfol'- 

iriin.  Back  Htroke  of  the  heart.  A  jog  or  stroke 
which  has  been  termed  the  'back  stroke,'  felt  at 
the  end  of  each  pulsation,  and  which  would  seem 
to  be  owing  to  the  refilling  of  the  ventricles. 

iMPn.sK  OP  THK  IIkatjt.  scc  Heart. 

IMPULSION  DU  C(EUR.  see  Heart. 

I.MPURITATES  ALVINiE,  Fteces. 

INANIA,  Iliac  regions. 

INANITIATED,  see  Inanitiation. 


INANTTIA'TION,  L,a,iitia'tio,  same  etymon 
as  the  next.  The  act  of  being  e.\|j,ui>l((|  for 
want  of  nourishment.  One  so  exllau^ited  is  said 
to  be  iuauit" loted. 

INANIT"ION,  Iiia>iit"io,  Iiiaii'lidH,  from  i„a. 
iiire,  iiiaiiitiiiii,  'to  empty.'  Ceiio'xiv.  Exhaus- 
tion for  want  of  nourishment.  'To  die  from  in- 
anition  is  to  die  from  exhaustion. 

INAPPETENTIA,  Anorexia,  Dysorcxia. 

INARTICULATIO,  Enarthrosis. 

INAURA'TION,  li„nira'tio,  from  //i,  and  an- 
rum,  'gold.'     The  gilding  of  ]iills  or  boluses. 

INCAXTAMENTUM,  Charm. 

INCANTA'TION,  Ineaula'lio,  Imantamen'. 
tnm,  Ep'ode,  from  in,  and  caiitare,  cautalidii,  'to 
sing,' — for  e.xample,  a  magical  song.  A  mode  of 
curing  diseases  by  charms,  Ac,  defended  by  Para- 
celsus, Van  Helmont,  and  others. 

INCARCERA'TIO,  Chatonncment,  Incarcera- 
tion—  i.  Intestinorum  interna,  Eutereuiphraxis 
— i.  Intestinorum,  Enteroperistole. 

INCARCERA'TION,  fnvarcera'lio,  from  i„, 
'in,' and  career,  'prison.'  Hernia  is  said  to  be 
'incarcerated,'  I/enila  incarcera'la,  when,  owing 
to  constriction  about  the  neck  of  the  hernial  sno 
or  elsewhere,  it  cannot  be  reduced  with  facility. 
Incarceration  is  sometimes  used  in  the  same  sense 
as  strangulation. 

INCAR'N  Al^^S,  fiicaninti'vn8,Sareo'tie>is.Slal'. 
ticiin,  Plerv'tieus,  Aiiaplero'tieim,  Sareot'ic,  from 
ill,  and  earn,  eariiis,  'flesh.'  Medicines,  which 
were  fancied  to  promote  the  regeneration  of  the 
flesh.  Certain  bandages  and  sutures  have,  also, 
been  so  called. 

INCARNATIO,  Incarnation —i.  Unguium, 
Onychogryphosis. 

INCARNA'TION,  lucama'tio,  same  etymon. 
Growth  of  flesh  or  granulations. 

INCARNATUS,  Carneous. 

INCEN'DIUM.  from  iiieendere  (in,  and  can- 
dere),  '  to  burn.'  Pijrece'a,  TrvpKata,  Cauxiii,  Plilo- 
(ju'xis.  A  burning  fever  or  any  burning  heat. — 
Incen'diiim  febri'te,  Ineen'eio.  —  Willis.  Inflam- 
mation, Phlegmon. 

Incknoium  Spontaneihi,  Combustion,  human. 

INCENSIO,  Incendium. 

INCENTIVUM,  Stimulant. 

INCERA'TION,  Licera'tio,  Encero'sis,  from 
ill.  and  cera,  '  wax.'  The  act  of  incorporating 
wax  with  some  other  body;  or,  rather,  the  (>].e- 
ration  whose  object  is  to  communicate  to  a  dry 
sul)stance  the  consistence  of  wax. 

INCERNIC'ULUM,  from  incernere  (in,  and 
eernere),  '  to  sift.'     A  strainer  or  sieve. 

INCESSIO,  Bath,  half,  Semieupium. 

INCESSU.S,  Walking. 

INCIDEN'TIA,  from  incidere,  ineixnm  (in,  and 
cffirfere),  'to  cut.'  (F.)  fncixifs.  This  name  was 
formerly  given  to  medicines  to  which  was  attri- 
buted the  property  of  cutting  thick  or  coagulated 
humours.  The  fixed  alkalies,  hydrosulphurets 
of  alkalies,  sulphurous  water,  Ac,  were  con- 
sidered to  belong  to  this  class. 

INCINERA'TION,  Incinera'tio,  Ciiierii'lion, 
CInefac'tio,  from  in,  and  eiiiin,  cineris,  'ashes.' 
In  pharmacy,  a  process  by  wiiich  animal  or  vege- 
table substances  are  reduced  to  ashes. 

INCINCTA,  Pregnant. 

JNVISIFS,  Incidentia. 

INCISIO,  Cut,  Incision— i.  Simplex,  Ilaplolo- 
mia. 

INCIS'ION,  Lieia'io.  En'cope,  Ineisu'rn,  Itici'- 
«»«,  Tome,  (F.)  Taillade.  Same  etymon  as  Inci- 
dentia. A  methodical  divisiou  of  soft  parts  with 
a  cutting  instrument. 

INCI'SIVE,  Tnciai'viii,  Inciao'riun,  Fossn  iHci'- 
si'va  seu  wyrtifor'niia,  is  a  depression  in  the  supe- 
rior ma.xillary  bone,  above  the  incisor  teeth. 


IXCISIVUS    MUSCULUS 


493 


INDEX 


TsrisivR  Bone,  Tntcnnaxillary  bone — i.  Canal, 
Bee  I'iiliitine  canals. 

Incisivk  Xkhve,  NervuH  iiicini'vua.  A  branch 
of  tlio  inferior  dental  nerve,  which  supplies  the 
incisor  teeth. 

IscisiVK  Trkth,  Lici'aor  Teeth,  Den'tes  -inci- 
tn'ren  seu  tniii'icf  seu  cteiiea  seu  di'i-hante.'res  seu 
f/elnni'iii  .»eu  piiiiio'ren  seu  rnao'rii.  The  teeth 
which  occupy  the  anterior  part  of  the  upper  and 
lower  jaws  are  so  called,  because  they  are  used 
for  ciiltiii;/  the  food  in  the  manner  of  cutting  in- 
struments. The  two  middle  incisors  of  the  upper 
jaw  iirc,  at  times,  called  /Inttcr  teeth. 

I\CISIV'i;S  (MUSCULUS),  Levator  labii  su- 
pcriiiris  proprius  —  i.  Inferior,  Levator  labii  infe- 
rioris  —  i.  Lateralis  et  pyramidalis.  Levator  laliii 
superioris  alanine  nasi — i.  Medius,  Depressor  ala; 
nasi. 

INCISOR  TEETH,  Incisive  teeth. 

INCISO'IIIUM,  Toiiii'on.  An  operating  table. 
A  scalpel. 

INCISORIUS^  Incisive. 

INCISURA,  Echancnire,  Incision  —  i.  Crucia- 
lis,  Crucial  Incision — i.  Ischiadica  Major,  Sciatic 
notch,  greater — i.  Ischiadica  Minor,  Sciatic  notch, 
lesser  —  i.  Lienalis,  Ililus  lienalis  —  i.  Renalis, 
llilus  renalis  —  i.  Scapularis,  Notch,  scapular  — 
i.  Septi,  see  Ventricles  of  the  brain. 

Incisii'ha  Tisa(;"i('A,  Ntiteh  <if  the  Concha.  A 
wide,  deep  and  rounded  notch,  which  separates 
the  tragus  from  the  antitrasrus. 

INCIHURBS  DE  SANTORINI,  Santorini, 
fissures  of. 

INCrSUS,  Incision. 

INCITARILITY,  Irritability. 

INCITAMENTUM,  Stimulus. 

INCITANS,  Stimulant. 

INCITATIO.  Stimulation. 

mci'TO-MOTOR,  (F.)  lucitn-moteiir.  An  epi- 
thet, applied  to  an  action  the  reverse  of  exeito- 
uiotor:  as  in  the  case  of  muscular  motion,  which 
commences  in  the  nervous  centres  and  excites 
the  muscles  to  contraction. 

INCLAVATIO,  Gomphosis.  see  Wedged. 

INCLENATIO.  Decline— i.  Coeli,  Climate. 

INCLUSION,  MONSTROSITY  BY,  Embo'ite- 
meat. 

INCLUSUS,  see  Wedged. 

INCOCTUS,  see  Crudity. 

INCOIIE'RENCE,  Ineohe'rencij,  (F.)  Anncn- 
luthie,  Rfiumseyle ;  from  in,  'negation,  co,  con, 
cum,  'with,'  and  heerere,  'to  stick.'  Want  of  de- 
pendence of  one  part  on  another.  The  condition 
of  the  mi'iital  manifestations  in  dementia,  Ac. 

INCOMPAT'IRLE,  from  in,  'negation,'  and 
(lompctere,  '  to  agree.'  A  substance,  which  can- 
not be  prescribed  with  another,  without  inter- 
fering with  its  chemical  composition  or  medicinal 
notivitv. 

INCONTINEN'TIA,  from  in,  'negation,'  and 
conlnien,  'I  contain;'  Anrpis'chesis.  'Inconti- 
nence.' '  Inability  to  retain  the  natural  evacua- 
tion.'    Abuse  of  the  pleasures  of  love. 

iNCONTiNKNTrA  Alvi,  Diarrhoea — i.  Urinae, 
Enuresis.  Scoracrasia. 

_  INCORPORA'TION,  Tncorpora'tio,  Corpora' - 
tio,  Ensiiinnto'sis,  Metengom<ito'nis,  from  in,  and 
eorpuK,  cor/mrin,  '  a  body.'  An  operation,  by 
which  medicines  are  mixed  with  soft  or  liquid 
bodies,  in  order  to  give  them  a  certain  consist- 
ence. Also,  the  thorough  admixture  of  various 
substnni'os. 

INCRASSAN'TIA,  Incrammfi'im,  Tnviscan'- 
t\n,  S/iisHnn'tiii,  Erpyc'ticn,  Conrhnsan'tia,  Pa- 
chi/n'ticii,  Pi/cnot'icn,  Pi/cnicmiis'ticn,  from  in, 
and  crasunn.  '  thick.'  Medicines  which  were  for- 
merly believed  to  possess  the  power  of  thickening 
the  humours,  when  too  thin.  All  mucilaginous 
substances  were  so  regarded. 


INCRASSATIVA,  Incrnssantia. 

IN'CREASE,  Incremen'tnm,  Au.cis,  Aii.re'eis, 
from  iu,  and  crearere,  '  to  grow.'  (F.)  Aecruiioie- 
nieiit.  Augmentation  of  the  size  or  weight  of  a 
body,  by  the  application  of  new  molecules  around 
those  which  already  exist. 

INCREMENTUM,  Augmentation,  Growth, 
Increase. 

INCRUCIATIO,  Decussation. 

INCRUSTA'TION,  Incru>'tn'tio,  from  in,  and 
cruittt,  'a  crust;'  Coni'osin.  The  act  of  forming 
a  crust  on  the  surface  of  a  body,  as  vvell  as  the 
crust  itself.  Also,  the  calcareous  deposits  or 
cartilaginous  plates,  which  sometimes  form  in 
organs. 

INCUBATIO,  Incubation. 

INCUBA'TION,  Incnho'tio,  Invuhifin,  Incn'- 
hitnn,  from  incuhdre,  iiicnbitnm,  (in,  and  ciihnre,) 
'to  lie  upon.'  This  word,  which  is  used  in  natu- 
ral history  for  the  sitting  of  birds  upon  their 
eggs,  is  employed,  figuratively,  in  medicine,  for 
the  period  that  elapses  between  the  introduction 
of  a  morbific  principle  into  the  animal  economy 
and  the  invasion  of  the  disease. 

INCUBITIO,  Incubation. 

INCUBITUS,  Incubation. 

INCUBO,  Incubus. 

IN'CUBUS.  Same  etymon.  In'cnho,  EpinJ'- 
ten,  Epliidl'ten,  I.  n(irtiir'ui(»,  Ifi/pnuphob'id,  Epi- 
fep'nid  noctiirnri,  Anthma  noctui'uuin,  Pnifpil' inn, 
Snc'cuhuH,  Oneirorlyn'in  grrtoans,  Erclhia'mna 
oneinxlyn'ia,  Noctiir'tia  oppren'sio,  Epib'o/e,  Bn- 
hnzica'rliia,  Nirjhtmnrc,  Wilihtiure,  Itlilimj-huij, 
(Prov.)  mteh-d,ui,ihter,  IhUn,  (F.)  Cimchemnr, 
Cnni'.hericille,  Covhenuir,  Oneiroi.li/nie  f/rnvotire. 
Same  etymon.  A  sensation  of  a  distressing 
weight  at  the  epigastrium  during  sleep,  and  of 
impossibility  of  motion,  speech,  or  resjiiration  ; 
the  patient  at  length  awaking  in  terror,  after  ex- 
treme anxiety.  Nightmare  is  often  the  cll'ect  of 
difficult  digestion  or  of  an  uneasy  position  of  the 
body.  At  other  times,  it  occurs  in  consequence 
of  severe  emotions.  The  sensation  of  sufTocation 
was  formerly  ascribed  to  the  jjerson's  being  poa- 
nenned,  and  the  male  spirits  were  called  inrnbes— 
the  female  anccnbeg.  The  disease  requires  no 
particular  treatment.  The  causes  must  be  avoided. 

IxCI'BUS  VlGILAN'riUAf,  Ephiul'tea  riiji/(tn'- 
fiitm,  E.  hi/pochondri'aca,  Dayninre.  This  is  ])ro- 
dueeil  during  wakefulness  ;  the  sense  of  pressure 
being  severe  and  extending  over  the  abdomen; 
respiration  frequent,  laborious,  and  constricted ; 
eyes  fixed;  sighing,  deep  and  violent;  intellect, 
undisturbed. 

INCUNABULA,  Swathing  clothes. 

INCUNEATIO,  Gomphosis,  see  AVedged. 

INCU'RABLE,  Licnrab'ilia,  Eem'edileaa,  Irre- 
me'diable,  Jnnnnab'  i/ii,  Anid'thes,  Anaees'toa, 
Athernpeti'tna,  froni  i)i,  negative,  and  cnro.  cure. 
Not  susceptible  of  cure  ; — applied  to  both  patients 
and  diseases. 

IN  CURIA,  Acedia. 

INCURSUS  ARTERIARUM,  Pulse. 

INCURVATIO.  Gryposis. 

INCUS,  genitive,  Incn'dls,  (in,  and  cndo,  'I 
hammer,')  'an  anvil.'  Acmon,  Os  incn'di  sim'ile, 
Onaic'n/niH  Incndi  seu  mtdit'ri  denti  coinpara'tnm, 
(¥.)  EncJnme.  One  of  the  small  bones  of  the 
ear,  so  called  from  its  fancied  resemblance  to  .a 
smith's  anvil.  It  is  situate  in  the  cavity  of  the 
tympanum,  between  the  malleus  and  orbiculare. 
Its  body  is  articulated  with  the  malleus:  its 
horizoutai  ramus,  which  is  the  shortest,  corre- 
sponds with  the  entrance  of  the  mastoid  cells; 
and  its  vertical  ramus  is  articulated  with  the  os 
orbiculare.  The  incus  is  composed  of  a  compact 
tissue,  and  is  developed  from  a  single  point  of 
ossification. 
INDEX,  Dig"itua  index  seu  sccun'dus  seu  «a?M- 


INDIAN   ARROW   WOOD 


404 


INFANS 


tritor'itm,  Dfmniintrn'tor,  Iiidicn'tor,  Tndicalo'riiis, 
Li'chonos,  iJeic'ticDS,  frmn  hirlicure.  '  to  point 
out.'     The  forefinsrer.  indox  finger.     See  Digitus. 

INDIAN  ARROW  WOOD,  see  Euonyiuus  — 
i.  Paint,  Hyfiraslis  Canadensis — i.  Physic,  Gille- 
nia  trifoliata — i.  Phj-sic,  siuall-flowered,  Gillenia 
Btipulaeea. 

INDIAN  SPRINGS,  see  Georgia,  Mineral 
waters  of. 

INDIA'NA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
medicinal  spring,  near  Jcffcrsonvilie,  is  much 
frequented.  Its  waters  are  strongly  impregnated 
with  sulphur  and  iron. 

IN'DICANT,  I„'d!can8,  Endek'ticoK,  (F.)  Tn- 
di'cntif.  Same  etymon  as  index.  Any  thing 
which,  in  the  course  of  a  disease  or  in  what  pre- 
cedes or  accompanies  it,  concurs  in  pointing  out 
the  means  to  be  used  for  its  cure. 

INDICATJF,  Indicant. 

IN'DICATING  DAYS,  Bxen  Tu'dicen  seu  7»- 
dicHto'rii  seu  Indican'ten  seu  C<>ntemp!(t>i'les,  (F.) 
Jours  iiulicnteiirs.  Hippocrates  and  others  have 
thijs  called  the  middle  day  of  the  septenary ;  be- 
cause they  imagined,  that  indications  were  some- 
times given  then  of  tlie  crisis  which  would  occur 
in  the  last  day  of  the  septenary. 

INDICATION,  IndU-fi'tio,  Acciaa'tin,  DtJa'- 
lio,  Eiidelx'is,  Eiidex'in,  Ba'ctheinnt' iciim  Semei'oii. 
The  object  proposed  in  the  employment  of  any 
means  which  are  had  recourse  to  for  the  cure  of 
disease.  It  may  also  be  defined — the  manifesta- 
tion afforded  by  the  disease  itself  of  what  is  pro- 
per to  be  done  for  its  removal. 

INDICATOR,  Extensor  proprius  indicis,  see 
Digitus,  and  Index. 

INDICUM,  Indigo. 

INDICUS  COLOR,  Indigo. 

INDIGENCE,  Want. 

INDIG"ENOUS,  Ind!()"ena,  'Inborn.'  From 
■!ndn,  obsolete  for  'in,'  and  (/eno,  obsolete  for 
(figiio,  'I  generate.'  Whatever  is  native  in  a 
country,  in  opposition  to  exotic  ;  as  an  indigenous 
remedy.  iiidif/PiinKs  disease,  &C. 

INDIGESTION,  Dyspepsia  — i.  Alkaline,  see 
Dvspi'psia — i.  Neutral,  see  Dyspepsia. 

"INDIGITATIO,  Intussusceptio. 

INDIGNABUNDUS,  Rectus  externus  ocuH. 

INDKiNATORIUS,  Rectus  extornus  oculi. 

IN'DIGO,  Indignm,  In'dicum.  fiidirns  color, 
Piijmeii'tiiin  fii'diciim.  A  dye-stuff,  in  small  solid 
masses,  of  a  deep  azure  blue  colour,  and  devoid 
of  smell  and  taste.  It  is  obtained,  by  a  fermenta- 
tive process,  from  Tndigofem  miil,  (/.  suffrufi- 
co'sa,)  f.  argen'tea,  (I.  arlicidii'tii  seu  liiirto'n'rt 
seu  glau'en  seu  colora'ta,)  and  /.  tiiicto'ria  seu 
Ju'diea,  and  is  sometimes  used  by  the  apothe- 
cary for  colouring  certain  preparations.  It  has 
likewise  been  administered  internally,  of  late,  in 
Fpasmodic  diseases,  especially  in  epilepsy.  The 
dose  may  be  at  first  grains,  but  it;  may  be  ele- 
vated to  drachms. 

Indigo,  False,  (Tall  Wiiitk,)  see  Sophora 
tinctoria. 

INDIGO,  FAUX,  Galega  oflleinalis— i.  Weed, 
Sophora  tinctoria. 

Indigo,  Wild,  Sophora  tinctoria  —  i.  Yellow, 
Sophora  tinctoria. 

INDIGOFERA,  see  Indigo,  Sophora  tinctoria. 

INDIGUM.  Indigo. 

INDISPOSrT"ION,  ^Ma  disposit"io,  Dys- 
phor'ia,  (F.)  Malaise.  From  in,  'negation,'  and 
dispimere,  disposition,  'to  put  in  order.'  A 
plight  functional  disturbance,  which  may  scarcely 
bear  the  name  of  disease.  A  feeling  of  sickness — 
ecnsHscpgritu'dinis  ;  vulgarly  an  alt-overish  feeling. 

IN'DOLENT,  Iii'doleiis.  from  in,  privative,  and 
rfo^ere, 'tobe  in  pain.'  Exhibiting  little  or  no 
])ain.  An  epithet  particularly  applied  to  certain 
tumours. 


INDOLENTIA,  Anodynin. 

IN'DOLES.  A  natural  disposition  or  clinrncter. 

IxDOLKS  A.n'i.mi.  The  natural  disjiositioii  or 
character  of  mind. 

Indolks  MoiiUi.  The  nature  or  character  of  a 
disease. 

IND0.«:YNCL0NUS,  Beriberi. 

INDIJC'TIO,  Apngo'gr,  from  indiwcre,  (in, 
and  dncere,  dnrtnm,  'to  lead.')  A  word  u.<ed  es- 
pecially for  the  action  of  extending  a  plaster  upun 
linen. 

INDUCULA,  Waistcoat,  strait. 

INDUMENTUM  CORDIS,  IVricnnliiim  —  i. 
Nervorum,  Ncurileniuia — i.  N'entriculoruni,  Kpcu- 
djina  ventriculoruin. 

INDU'RANS,  ((■;(  and  dnms,  'herd.')  AVe- 
rot'icHH,  Sclernn'licus,  Sclerijii'llrns.  A  inedifine 
which  hardens  the  parts  to  which  is  ap]iiied. 

INDURATIO,  Induration  —  i.  Intestinorutii, 
Enteropathia  cancerosa  —  i.  Maligna,  Scirrhus  — 
i.  Renuni,  Nephrosclcria — i.  TeliK  cellulosa;  neo- 
natorum, see  Induration — i.  Ventriculi  scirrhosn, 
Gastroscirrhus. 

INDURA'TION,  Tndura'tio,  Sderys'ma,  Sclc- 
ri/s'iniis.  Callus' iliis,  fndnrescen'lia,  I'oro'mn,  I'u- 
ro'sis,  (F.)  Endiircissenient.  The  hardness  which 
supervenes,  occasionally,  in  an  inflamed  part.  It 
is  one  of  the  terminations  of  inflanimntion,  and  is 
owing  to  a  cliange  in  the  nutrition  of  the  part. 

Iniuiuation  op  tiik  Ann'oLAR  or  Cklldlar 
Tissue,  Indura'tio  cellnlo'sa,  Indiiratio  seu  Op- 
pi/a'tio  ttlcp.  ccUulo'scp,  nconalo'rnni,  Eflniiy/jJinli/- 
lo'sis,  G'Jde'nia  neonalo'rnm,  Compact  (Edc'inn  of 
fnfants,  Cat'ochns  In/an'tnm,  Sclere'mia,  Srleie'- 
ina,  Sclero'nia,  Schroder' ma,  Cutis  tciisa  chron'- 
ica.  Derma  toper  i  sclera' sis,  Derinoioperisclcrys- 
tnus,  Halonii'tis,  Plilcgmasia  celliila'ris,  Scirrho- 
siir'ca  iieonato'rnm,  Scleri'asis  neonoto' mm,  Scle- 
ro'sis,  Stipa'tio  tela  celhilo'scE  Infoutiim,  Sl'in- 
bonnd  Disease,  Skiii-bi)id,  Skin-tight,  Hidchoiiiid, 
(F.)  Endnrcissement  dn  tissn  cellidoire  ;  (Edciiie 
dn  tissn  cellnlaire  des  nonveau-nes,  Aspiiyxie  hnile 
dcs  uouvean-nes,  is  a  disease  which  attacks  infants 
a  few  days  after  birth,  and  which  Chaiissior  pro- 
l)osed  to  call  Sclereme,  from  aKXripui,  '  hard.' 

The  Induration  of  tlie  areolar  tissue  of  tiic  adult, 
Sclerosteno'sis  cnla'nca,  has  been  regariled  as  the 
result  of  intlamniation  of  the  coriuni,  Chorioni'tis. 

I.NDiT RATION  OF  TUB  Hkain,  Sclcrenceplialiu — 
i.  Grise,  sec  Ilefiatization. 

INDURESCENTIA,  Induration. 

INDU'SIUM,  Chitonis'cos.  Strictly, 'a  shirt.' 
'a  small  tunic'    Some  have  so  called  the  amnion. 

INE'BRIANT,  Ine'hrians,  I'hantas'ticns;  from 
//land  ehrio,'^  intoxicate.'  Intoxicating.  An 
agent  that  intoxicates. 

INEBRIATION,  Temulentia. 

INEfiHIATIOX  QUJNIQUE,  Quininism. 

INEDIA,  Fasting. 

INER'TIA,  from  in,  'negation,' and  ars,nrtis, 
'art,'  Igiia' via,  Encr' vitas.  Sluggisliness,  in- 
activity. 

Inkei'ttA  of  thf;  Womu,  (F.)  fnertie  de  la  nin- 
trice.  The  diminution  and  even  total  cessation 
of  the  contractions  of  the  uterus  during  lahniir; 
as  well  as  the  species  of  languor  into  which  it 
sometimes  falls  after  the  expulsion  of  the  foetus. 

IN  Ell  TIE  PAR  E  r  VISE  ME  NT,  s^di  V:\TlM- 
rition — i.  de  la  Matrice,  Inertia  of  the  womb. 

INESrS.  Cenosis. 

INETIIMOS.  Cenosis. 

IN  EXTREMIS,  Psychorage.'.. 

IN'FANCY,  Infan'tilt,  from  i'/<,  ' negation,' and 
fans,  from  /'/)•/,  'to  speak.'  Early  childhood. 
Childhood;  Ni'piotcs,  Paid i' a.  (F.)  Kufance.  It 
generally  includes  the  age  from  birth  till  the 
seventh  year.     See  Age. 

INFANS,    Pai'diou,  Nc'j-ios,    (Sc.)    Oaitling, 


INFANTIA 


495 


INFLAMMATION 


OytUng,  (Old  Eng.  and  Prov.)  Barn;  (Sc.) 
litiini,  (F.)  Eiifiiiti.  An  inf:int,  a  biiby,  a  chiM, 
one  in  infancy.  In  law,  one  who  has  not  attained 
the  age  of  lej:;al  capacity  ;  which  is,  in  general, 
fixed  at  twenty-one  years. 

InI'ANS    IIKCKNS    NATUS,  NoHveaH-iie. 

INKANTIA,  Infancy. 

INFAN'TICIUE,  fnf/intici'dinm,  Ticnoctou' in, 
Child-niiirihr,  from  iiifans,  'a  chthi,'  and  cmdere, 
'to  kill.'  The  murder  of  a  child  newly  born,  or 
on  the  point  of  being  born.  It  may  be  jicrpe- 
tratcd  by  the  mother,  or  by  some  other  person, 
either  by  coiiuiiiugion,  that  is,  in  consequence  of  a 
direct  voluntary  act ;  —  or  by  nmiHxioii  of  those 
cares  which  are  necessary  for  the  preservation  of 
the  new-born. 

IXFARCTIO,  Emphraxis. 

INFARCTIOX,  Emphraxis. 

INFARCTUS,  from  in,  and  farcire,  fnrctum, 
'  to  stuff.'     Emphraxis. 

Inkakctus  Intestixouum,  Enteremphraxis — i. 
lIa;inoptoicus  Laennecii,  see  Hiemoptysis  —  i. 
Lactei  extreraitatum,  Phlogmatia  dolens — i.  Lie- 
nis,  Splenoncus. 

Inkauo'tiis  MamM/E  Lac'tkus,  Lnclin  coticre- 
ti'o'iics,  No(U  seu  Thrombi  hivtei,  Trichi'tmia  lac- 
trri.  Knotty  tumours  of  the  female  mnminiE, 
owing  to  the  accumulation  and  arrest  of  milk  in 
the  galactophorous  ducts. 

iNFAitCTiis  Utkhi,  Metremphraxis. 

INFECTIO  PURUIvENTA,  see  Pyohaemia. 

INFECTION,  see  Contagion. 

INFECTIOUS,  see  Contagious. 

INFECUNDITY,  Sterility. 

INFECUNDUS,  Sterile. 

INFER'NAL,  Infer' nnx  ;  'relating  to  hell.'  A 
name  applied  to  caustic  —  Lapis  In/cnni'lis  —  on 
uccnunt  of  its  strong  burning  properties. 

INFIBULA'TIO!  Fihula'iio,  r,>jib„l<,'tio„.  A„c- 
teridn'miiH ;  from  fibula,  'a  clasp.'  (F.)  Boitch- 
meiil.  An  operation,  formerly  practised,  which 
consisted  in  passing  a  ring  through  the  prepuce, 
after  having  drawn  it  over  the  gians  ;  —  in  order 
to  prevent  coition.  The  ancients  employed  infi- 
Inilation  with  their  gladiators  to  preserve  all 
tiieir  strength  by  depriving  them  of  vencry.  In 
the  women,  to  preserve  their  chastity,  the  ring 
was  passed  through  the  laliia  majora. 

INFILTRATION,  Lfiltra'tio.  from  filtrare, 
'to  filter.'  Effusion.  The  passage  or  etVusion  of 
n  8uid  into  the  areoliB  of  any  texture,  and  par- 
ticularly of  the  areolar  membrane.  The  fluid 
efiused  is  ordinarily  the  Liqunr  sani/itiiiio,  sound 
or  altered — sometimes  blood  or  pus,  fiBces,  or 
urine.  When  infiltration  of  a  serous  fluid  is 
general,  it  constitutes  anasarca ;  when  local, 
udema, 

INFILTRATION PURVLENTE,  see  Ilcpa- 
tiz.iition. 

INFINITES'IMAL.  InfinHen'imus,  from  in, 
and  fi  nil  Id,  '  jiuuted.'  Unlimited.  An  epithet  em- 
ployed by  the  homoeopathists  for  their  endless 
nubdivisions  of  drugs  : — the  decillionth  of  a  grain, 
for  example,  is  *'an  infinitesininl  dose." 

IXFf-RM,  Infinn'ns,  Imbe'vi/lis,  Deb'ilis,  Ai'- 
theuen,  Hi/poe' rates,  from  in,  negative,  and^cwiiis, 
'tiriii.'     Not  firm  or  sound  :  weak;  feeble. 

INFIRMARIII.M,  Hospital. 

IXFIRMAHY,  Hospital. 

IXF[R.MATORri'M.  Hospital. 

INFIRM  I  Ell  (  F.).  from  injimius,  (in,  negative, 
nmi  firnini.)  Infirmn'rinK,  Noiac'amnit,  Cnrn'tar 
infii-mii'rnm.  One  employed  in  nn  hospital  or  in- 
firtnirv  to  take  care  of  the  sick. 

INFIRM'ITY,  fnfirm'it'iH,  Aitheni'n,  Arrhns'- 
tin,  fiiv'i/etii'dn.  Any  disease  which  has  become 
hnliitual,  either  owing  to  its  chronic  character, 
or  it.«  iiumeniiis  relapses. 

LVFLA'MKD,  (Old  Eng.)  FLiincd,  fnjUmma'- 


tns,  CF.)  Enflamme,  PJiloyos^,  —  Phlnr/o'iied,  ac- 
cording to  some.  Same  etymon  as  inflammation. 
Afl'ected  with  inflammation. 

INFLAMMABLE    AIR,    Hydrogen,    carbu- 
retted. 

INFLAMMATIO,  Inflammation,  Phlegmon— 
i.  Abdominalis,  Encoelitis  —  i.  Articuli  Maxillaj 
Inferioris,  Hyposiagonartliritis — i.  Auris,  Otitis — 
i.  Bronchiorum,  Bronchitis — i.  Caci,  Tyjdilo-en- 
teritis — i.  Capsula;  lentis,  Phacoliymeniiis — i.  Ce- 
rebelli,  Cerebellitis  —  i.  Clitoridis,  Nymphitis  —  i. 
Conjunctivae,  see  Ophthalmia  —  i.  Corneic,  Cera- 
titis  —  i.  Coxae,  Osphyitis  —  i.  Crouposa.  Crcmpy 
inflammation — i.  Cystidis  fellefc,  Cholecystitis — 
i.  Debilis,  see  Inflammation  —  i.  Epiglottidis, 
Epiglottitis  —  i.  Erysipelatosa,  Erysipelatous  in- 
flammation— i.  Faucium,  Cynanche,  Isthmitis — i. 
(Jastritis,  Gastritis — i.  Gena;,  Gnathitis — i.  Gense, 
Melitis — i.  Gingivae,  Ulitis — i.  Glandularuin  lym- 
phaticarum,  Hydradenitis — i.  (illandularum  lym- 
|')h!iticarum,  Lymphadenitis — i.  Glandularum  sub- 
lingual! urn,  llyy)oglossiadenitis — i.  (julaj, Oesopha- 
gitis— i.  Hepatis,  Hepatitis — i.  Hepatis  lenta,  He- 
patitis (chronic)— i.  Interna,  lOmpresnia — i.  Intes- 
tinorum.  Enteritis — i.  Iridis,  Iritis — i.  Jecoris,  He- 
patitis— i  Laryngis,  T>nryngitis — i.  Lienis,  Spleni- 
tis—  i.  Ligamentoruui,  Syndesmilis  —  i.  Linguae, 
Glossitis — i.  Mediastini,  Mesodmitis — i.  MeduUae 
Spinalis,  Myelitis  —  i.  Musculi  psoas.  Psoitis  —  i. 
Jlnsculoruin,  Myositis  —  i.  Musculorum  abdorai- 
nalium,  Myocoeliitis  —  i.  Nervorum,  Neuritis — i. 
Oculorum,  0])bthalmia — i.  Qilso[ihMgi,  Q-jsophagi- 
tis — i.  Omenti,  Epiploitis — i.  Ossis,  Ostalgitis — i. 
Ovarii,  Oaritis — i.  Palati,  Hyperoitis — i.  Pancre- 
atis.  Pancreatitis — i.  Parenchymatica,  Parenchy- 
malitis — i.  Parotidum,  Parotitis,  Cynanche  i>aro- 
tidiva  —  i.  Pectoris  acuta,  Pneumonia  —  i.  Pera- 
cuta.  Hyperphlogosis,  Ilyperphlegmasia — i.  Peri- 
cardii,. Pericarditis —  i.  Periostei,  Periostitis  —  i. 
Periostei  orbitse,  Periorbitis  —  i.  Peritonici,  Peri- 
tonitis—  i.  Pharyngis,  Cynanche  pharyngea  —  i. 
Phrenitis,  Phrenitis  —  i.  Pleursc,  Pleurilis  —  i. 
Pncumonica.  Pneumonia  —  i.  Pulmonum,  Pneu- 
m(mia  —  i.  Renum,  Nephritis  —  i.  Renum  suc- 
centuriatorum.  Paranephritis — i.  Retinae,  Dictyi- 
tis,  Retinitis — i.  Scleroticae,  Sclerotitis — i.  Scroti, 
(Tscbitis  —  i.  Septi  transversi,  Diaphragmitis  —  i. 
Sinuiim  frontalium,  Metopantritis  —  i.  Stomachi, 
Gastritis — i.  Superficiei  internae  cordis,  Endocar- 
ditis—  i.  Telae  cellulosii?,  Ethmyphytis  — i.  Telio 
fibrosoe,  Inohymenitis  —  i.  Testium,  Hernia  hu- 
mor.alis — i.  Tonsillarum.  Cynanche  tonsillaris — i. 
Tunicas  hyaloideae,  Hyalitis  —  i.  Tympani,  Tym- 
panitis—  i.  UrethriC,  Gonorrhoea  —  i.  Uteri,  Me- 
tritis— i.  Uteri  catarrhalis,  see  Metritis — i.  Uteri 
et  Peritonsti,  Metroperitonitis — i.  Uvulae,  Uvnli- 
tis — i.  Vasorum,  Angcitis — i.  Vasnrum  lymphati- 
corum,  Angeioleucitis — i.  Ventriculi,  Gastritis — i. 
Ventriculi  et  intestinorum,  Giistro-enteritis  —  i. 
Vesicav  Ovstitis — i.  ^'esici^>  fellea".  Cholecvstitis. 
IXFLAM.MA'TION,  /n/Iammo'tio,  from  til, 
nnt\  fianiina,  'flame,'  '  fire  :'  Pli/t;/'iiione,  Pli/ogo'. 
sis,  Ecj>lil<ii/<)'sls,  E))i/>li/c//"ia,  E.iap'sis,  Plihg- 
mti'sia,  Caiiso'ma,  Enipres'nia,  P]ih>'ijin,  Ilyprren- 
dosmnse  (Dntro(-het),  Incen'dinm.  Ni/perh(rniatn'- 
sis,  Hi/p/.ite'niin  acti'va,  Ph/nbup/eru'sis  ecplirni:'- 
tif'i,  CF.)  A»f/ii'tp,  is  so  oalle.l  in  consequence  of 
the  acute  or  iMirning  pain  felt  in  a  part  affected 
with  it.  An  irritation  in  a  part  of  the  body  is  oc- 
casioned by  some  stimulus :  ^-owing  to  whidi  the 
blood  flows  into  the  capillary  vessels  in  gre.-iter 
abundance  than  natural,  and  those  vessels  become 
over-dilated  and  enfeebled;  whence  result  pain, 
redness,  heat,  tension,  and  swelling;  symptoms 
which  appear  in  greater  or  less  severity,  accord- 
ing to  the  structure,  vital  properties,  and  func- 
tions of  the  part  afl'ected,  and  its  connexion  with 
other  parts,  as  well  as  according  to  the  constitu- 
tion of  the  iudividuiil. 


IXFLAMMATIOX  DBS  AMTGDALES -iOQ 


I  N  F  L  U  E  N  Z  0 1  D 


Simple  accumulation  of  blond  in  the  capillaries 
of  the  part  is  hi/pfriemin,  not  inflammation.  The 
latter  requires,  in  addition,  altered  nutrition 
either  of  the  vessels  themselves,  or  of  the  sur- 
rounding tissues,  or  of  both. 

The  inflammations  of  the  areolar  and  serous 
membranes  greatly  .agree; — and  those  of  the 
mucims  and  skin  ;  the  former  being  more  active, 
and  constituting  the  plilegmniiniis  vnriety:  —  the 
latter,  the  erytheiiuitic  or  eryitipchitoin^.  Of  this 
variety  is  the  diffiinive  ixflannmition  produced  by 
morbid  poisons, — as  during  dissection,  where  so- 
lutions of  continuity  exist  on  the  fingers  of  the 
operator.  It  is  seen,  too,  in  workers  in  bone,  and 
hence  has  been  called  hone  fever.  Preparatory  to 
the  turning  of  bones,  it  is  customary  to  macerate 
them  in  water.  The  fluid  soon  becomes  putrid, 
and  if  the  hands  be  kept  in  it  diffusive  inflam- 
mation results.  Inflammation  may  end  by  reso- 
lution, suppuration,  gangrene,  adhesion,  eflfusinn, 
or  induration.  Each  of  the  inflammations  of  in- 
ternal organs  has  received  a  name  according  to 
the  organ  affected;  —  as,  gastritis,  cephnh'tis,  en- 
teritis, liepiititie,  &fC.  Besides  the  above  inflam- 
mations, it  has  been  considered,  that  there  is  an 
instinctive  kind  established  for  the  union  of  parts 
which  have  been  divided,  whether  the  union 
takes  place  immedinleiy,  or  by  the  aid  of  an  in- 
termediate body.  This  is  the  adhesive  iuflam- 
matioii  of  some  ;  but  it  may  well  be  questioned 
whether  inflammation  is  ever  desirable  in  such 
cases.  See  Adhesion,  Callus,  Cicatrix.  Brous- 
eais  considered  that  the  term  inflammation  should 
include  every  local  exaltation  of  the  organic 
movements  which  is  sufficiently  great  to  disturb 
the  harmony  of  the  functions,  and  disorganize 
the  texture  in  which  it  is  situate.  He  farther 
extended  the  name  inflammation  to  irritations 
which  do  not  induce  disorganization  of  the  tex- 
tures, and  which  had  been  previously,  and  are 
still,  called /eye;-*. 

Examination  of  the  blood  drawn  always  exhi- 
bits an  increase  of  the  fibrinous  elements  —  the 
average  proportion  of  which,  in  healthy  blood,  is 
about  three  in  the  thousand.  In  inflammation,  it 
at  times  rises  as  high  as  ten.  In  fevers  unaccom- 
panied with  inflammation,  the  proportion  is  natu- 
ral, or  below  the  average;  but  whenever  inflam- 
mation supervenes,  it  immediately  rises. 

External  inflammation  is  easily  detected  bj'  the 
characters  already  mentioned  : — internal,  by  dis- 
turbance of  function  and  pain  upon  pressure;  but 
the  last  sign  is  often  not  available.  Both  forms 
require  tlie  removal  of  all  irritation,  and  the  re- 
duction of  vascular  excitement  and  nervous  irri- 
tability :  hence,  blood-letting — local  and  general 
■ — sedatives,  refrigerants,  and  counter-irritants 
become  valuable  remedies  in  almost  all  cases  of 
inflammation. 

Inflammation  is  not  always  of  the  active  kind. 
There  is  a  form ,  fnflamma' tio  deh'ilis,  which  occurs 
in  low  ccmditions  of  the  system,  and  in  broken 
down  constitutions,  which,  like  many  forms  of 
chronic  inflammation,  requires  a  stimulant,  rather 
than  a  sedative,  mode  of  treatment. 

INFLAMMATION  DBS  AMYG  DALES, 
Cynanche  tonsillaris — ?".  des  Arttres,  Arteritis — 
i.  of  the  Bladder.  Cystitis  —  ?.  de  la  Bonvhe,  Sto- 
matitis—  i.  des  Bronehes,  Bronchitis  —  i.  dn  C(e- 
cum,  Typhlo-enteritis — i.  of  the  Ca;cura,  Typhlo- 
enteritis — )'.  dn  Cerveau  et  dii  Cervelet,  Phrenitis 
— ?.  dn  Cd'iir,  Carditis — /.  du  Colon,  Colitis — ?.  de 
la  Conjuiictire,  see  Ophthalmia  —  i.  of  the  Dia- 
phragm, Biaphragmitis — i.  Diffusive,  see  Inflam- 
mation—  i.  Diphtheritic,  Diphtheritis  —  i.  of  the 
Ear,  Otitis  —  )',  de  VEpirflotte,  Epiglottitis — i.  de 
I'Eetomac,  Gastritis — i.  of  the  Eye,  Oyihtbalmia — 
i.  du  Foie.  Hepatitis — /.  des  Gencives.  Ulitis  —  i. 
General,  Synocha  —  i.  of  the  luternal  Membrane 


of  the  Heart,  Endocarditis — i.  Internal,  Empros- 
ma — ?'.  drs  Intcstins,  Enteritis — i.  of  the  Iris,  Iri- 
tis — i.  of  the  Kidney,  Nephritis — i.de  la  Langne, 
Glossitis — i.  of  the  Larynx,  Laryngitis — i.  of  the 
Liver,  Hepatitis  —  /.  de  la  Lnelte,  Uvulitis — i,  nf 
the  Lungs.  Pneumonia — i.  of  the  Malpighian  Bo- 
dies, Kidney,  Bright's  disease  of  the — i.  des  Mn. 
me.lles,  Mastitis — i.  de  la  Matriee,  Metritis — i.  dc 
la  Membrane  alreolo-denlaire.  Periodontitis  —  /. 
de  la.  Meiidirane  si'rense  e^jihalo-raehidieiiiie,  Me- 
ningitis— i.  of  the  Mesentery,  Mesentcritis — j.  de 
la  Moelle  epiiiiere  ou  raehidietine,  Myelitis  —  i, 
of  the  Mo\Uh,  pseudo-membranous,  Stomatitis, 
pseudo-membranous — i.  of  the  Mouth,  pultaceous, 
Aphthae  —  i.  des  Muscles,  Myositis  —  i.  des  Nerfs, 
Neuritis — i.  de  I'dJil,  Ophthalmia — /.  de  I'Oreiilc, 
Otitis—/,  de  I'Ovaire,  Oaritis — i.  du  Palais,  Ily. 
peroitis — i.  dn  PareiicJiyme  pidmonaire.  Pneumo- 
nia—  i.  de  la  Parotide,  Cynanche  parotidsea  —  i. 
Pellicular,  Diphtheritis  —  i.  du  Pericarde,  Pe- 
ricarditis —  i.  of  the  Pericardium.  Pericarditis 
—  i.  du  Peritoine,  Peritonitis  —  i.  of  the  Perito- 
naeum, Peritonitis — i.  of  the  Pleura,  Pleuritis — 
i.  de  la  Plevre,  Pleuritis  —  i.  des  Ponnions, 
Pneumonia—?',  du  Musele  psoas.  Psoitis — i.  de  la 
Hate,  Splenitis — i.  des  Reins,  Nephritis— =i.  Spon- 
goid,  Heematodes  Fungus,  see  also  Eiicephaloid — 
i.  of  the  Stomach,  Gastritis  —  i.  de  la  Testicidc, 
Hernia  hunioralis — i.  of  the  Testicle,  Hernia  hu- 
moralis — i.  des  Tissus  hlancs,  Angeiolcucitis — i. 
of  the  Tongue,  Glossitis  —  i.  des  Vaisseanx  Lym- 
pkatiques,  Angeiolcucitis — i.  des  Veiiies,  Phlebi- 
tis— /.  de  la  Vesicule  du  Fiel,  Cholecystitis — i.d$ 
la  Vessie,  Cystitis — i.  of  the  Womb,  Metritis. 

INFLAMMATIUN'CULA,  Snbinflamma'tin. 
A  superficial  and  often  insignificant  inflamma- 
tion of  the  skin,  as  in  many  cutaneous  alTections. 
mFJjAM'MATOUY, Inflammafo'rius ;  PIdog". 
icus,  PJilogo'des,  Phlogis'ticus,  Phlogis'tie,  belong- 
ing to  inflammation  ; — as,  inflammatory  tumour, 
inflammatory  fever,  <fec.  The  blood  is  said  to  be 
inflammatory  when  cupped  or  bufi'ed.  See  Co- 
rium  phlogisticum. 

INFLAMMATORY  BLUSH,  Erythema. 
INFLAMMATVS,  Inflamed. 
INFLATIO,    Emphysema,    Puffiness,    Colica 
flatulenta — i.  Parotidum,  Cynanche  parotidaja  — 
i.  Uteri,  Physometra. 
INFLEXIO,  Campsis. 
INFLUENCE,  Influenza. 
INFLUENTIA,  Influenza. 
INFLUENZA.     The   Italian   for   'Influence' 
Influenza   Europm'a,   Influen'tia,  Catnr' rhns  epi- 
dem'icus,  C.  a  conta'gio,  Fehris  eatarrha'lis  epi- 
dem'ica,   lihewna  epidem'icum,  3lorhus  Verveci'- 
nns  seu    Catarrha'lis  seu   Arie'tis,  Syn'ochns  seu 
Deflux'io   catarrha'lis,    Cephalal'gia    eontagin'ia 
(epidemics  of  the  ICth  and  17th  centuries):  (F.) 
T(rc,  Quinte,  Florion,  Goquehtche,  Baraqnette,  Gf- 
n6rale.    Grippe,   Follette,    Grenade.    Coquette,   Co- 
eote.  Petite  Paste,  Petit  Courier,  Allure,  Liahndu, 
Fievre  catarrhale  epidenrique  ;  Iiiflueii<-e,  Epide- 
mic catarrh.     A  severe  form  of  catarrh  occurring 
epidemically,  and  generally  affecting  a  nunihcr 
of  persons  in  a  community.     See  Catarrh,  epidc- 
niic.      Gluge,  from  his    investigations  considers 
that  the  following  is  the  chronological  order  of 
the  return  of  the  influenza: — 14th  century.  V,2''>,  , 
1326— 15th  century.  1410,  1411,  1414— Ifith  cen- 
tury, 1510,  1567, ']5f)2.  1674.  16S0,  and  169."?  — 
17th  century,  ]fi68,  1069,  1675,  169.",— ISth  ccn- 
tury,  ]70S,'l712.  1729,  17.32,  1733,  1712.  1743. 
1761,  1762,  and  1775— 19th  century,  LMiO,  1803, 
1831,  and  1833.     To  these  maybe  added  1837, 
and  1843. 

Infltenza  EiTnoPvT;A,  Influenza. 
INFLUEN'ZOiD,  Lifluenzot'des.    An  expre.'P- 
ive  but  hybridous  compound:  from  influenza,  aui. 


I N  F  0  ini  I  T  A  S 


497 


INFUSUM 


•lioj. '  resemblance.'  Resembling  influenza. — Dr. 
T.  'I'honifison. 

INFORM  ITAS,  Deformation. 

IN'FOKTL'XIUM,  Contrafi.xsiira. 

INKRA-ATLOID.EUS,  8ub-atloiflaeus. 

INFRA-AXOID/EUS,  Sub-axoi.ifeu.s. 

INFRA-COSTAIiES,  see  Intercostal  muscles. 

IN FRA-M AXILLARIS,  Sub-mnxiliary. 

INFRAMAXILLOSTERNODYMIA,  Cepha- 
losomatoilyniia. 

INFRA-0RI5ITAR,  Sub-orbitar. 

INFRAPUBIAN  LKJAMENT,  Triangular  li- 
gament. 

INFRA-SCAPULARIS,  Subscapnlaris. 

INFRA-SPIN AlilS,  Infra-spinatus. 

INFRA-SPINA'TUS,  Tnfmxphm'lix,  from  in- 
fra, '  beneath,'  and  spi'ua,  '  spine.'  Situate  be- 
neath the  .«pine  of  the  scapula. 

Infua-Simn,v'ta  Fossa,  (F.)  FnHfe  /tnns-epi- 
nevHe,.  A  large  excavation  on  the  posterior  surface 
of  the  scapula,  beneath  its  spine.  It  is  filled  by  the 

Inpiia-Spinati  S  Jfimde,  Grnvd  Scapuht  trn- 
chiti'rio),  Siiperncnpula'riH  hifcrior  (Ch.),  (F."l 
SouH-(phuur,vi\\\(i\\  is  broad,  flat,  and  triangular. 
It  is  attached,  by  its  base,  to  the  three  inner 
quarters  of  the  fo.isa  ;  and  is  inserted,  by  a  long 
tendon,  into  the  middle  part  of  the  great  tubero- 
sity of  the  OS  humeri  ( Trnch'iter).  It  turns  the 
arm  outwards,  and,  when  the  arm  is  elevated, 
carries  it  backwards. 

INFRINGENS,  Corrigent. 

INFUNDIB'ULUM.  (»»,  and  fmuhre,  f,iRvm, 

'to  pour  out.')  A  FlDinel,  Trito'riioii,  Cliori'ue, 
Chontis,  (F.)  Eiitotnioir, — of  which  various  kinds 
are  employed  in  pharmaceutical  operations.  A 
name,  given  to  many  parts  which,  more  or  less, 
resemble  a  funnel.  See  I'roventriculus.  It  is  par- 
ticularly appropriated  to  the  follo\vin<j  orfrans: — 

iNFl'NDIB'ui.nM  OF  TOK,  ]!uAI\.  Iiifinid  ih' ill  mil 
seu  PiflviK  seu  Vhnd'nn  seu  ('ij'iitJiiin  seu  Scy/ihim 
sen  Concha  seu-Z/f(fii'»(T  seu  Eiu'Liilum  seu  Aipice- 
dlic'lim  seu  Lahnim  seu  Ciiiirtn/itax  conr/iii/n'ris 
sen  Procenxim  orhiriihi'n's  Cer'ehri,  (F.)  Eiitoii- 
riDir  (til  veiitrlciile  moi/rit  da  cervriiii,  Tii/e  J'ihii- 
taire,  Ti'i/e  niLi-H/iIipiiiiii/iile.  A  depression  in  ihe 
inferior  paries  of  tiie  middle  ventricle,  above  the 
pituitary  gland.  It  was,  anciently,  regarded  as 
a  canal  by  which  the  fluid,  collected  in  Ihe  ven- 
tricles of  the  hrain,  was  evacuated,  and  poured 
into  the  nasal  f()ss;\;. 

iNFi'NniBiiLUM  Cerkbri,  I.  of  the  Brain. 

iNFUNPiniU.rM  OF  THF,  CofllLKA,  /.  Ciicll'leo', 
Sci/phiis  VieiiKseii' i!  sext  aiidito' i-lnn,  Ciinil'/nn,  Cn- 
na'lia  Sciiln'rinii  conimii'nis.  This,  with  the  mo- 
diolus, forms  the  nucleus  around  which  the  jryri 
of  the  cochlea  pass.  It  is  an  imperfect  funnel, 
the  apex  of  which  is  common  with  that  of  the 
modiolus;  and  the  base  is  covered  with  the  apex 
of  the  cochlea,  termed  Cn'pohi. 

In  Siii-'jen/,  infundibula  or  funnels  are  used 
to  direct  steam  or  vapours;  to  conduct  the  actual 
cautery  to  certain  morbid  parts,  itc. 

iNFiiNDinruiM  OP  TiiK  Etiimoid  Bone,  or  op 
THE  Nassal  FossyE.  One  of  the  anterior  cells  of 
that  bone,  which  is  broad  and  expanded  above, 
and  narrow  below;  opening,  above,  into  the  fron- 
tal sinus:  below,  into  the  anterior  part  of  the 
middle  meatus  of  the  nasal  fosste. 

iNFUNnimtn'M  OP  THE  IIeart,  Conus  arterio- 
sus— i.  of  the  Kidney,  see  Calix  —  i.  Lacrymale, 
Lachrymal  Sac — i.  Tubarum  Fallopii,  see  Tube, 
Fallopian— ;i.  Ventriculi,  (Esophagus. 

IXFUSE,  Infusion. 

INFU'SION,  Tiifu'eio,  Eii'cln/niii,  from  infun- 
aere  (in,  unil  fitiidere,  fiisiim),  'to  pour  in,'  '  to  in- 
troduce.' A  phannaceutical  operation,  which 
consists  in  pouring  a  hot  or  cold  fluid  upon  a  sub- 
stance whose  medical  virtues  it  is  desired  to  ex- 
tract. Ill  fusion  is,  also,  used  for  the  product  of  this 
32 


operation.  (F.)  Tnfusion,  Infuse.  In  Snrrjerij,  infu- 
sion—  Chinu'ijia  infuso'ria,  Ars  clijsmat'ica  uiivn 

—  is  the  act  of  introducing  into  the  veins  mediciniil 
substances,  by  aid  of  an  instrument  called  Infusor. 
See  InfiiHoir.  This  mode  of  introducing  medi- 
cines was  called  Ars  iiifiino'na. 

Infu.sion    op  A.ngustuka,  Infusum    Cuspari;\; 

—  i.  of  Bark,  Infusum  cinchouiB  —  i.  of  Buchu, 
Infusum  Diosmae — i.  of  Calumba,  Infusum  cu- 
lumbae — i.  of  Cascarilla,  Infusum  cascarillae  — 
i.  of  Catechu,  Infusum  catechu  coinposituni  —  i. 
of  Cayenne  pepper,  Infusum  eapsici  —  i.  of  Cha- 
momile, Infusum  anthemidis  —  i.  of  Cinchona, 
Infusum  cinchonas — i.  of  Cloves,  Infusum  caryc- 
phyllorum — i.  of  Cusparia,  Infusum  cusparia;  — 
i.  of  Dandelion,  Infusum  Taraxaci  —  i.  of  Fox- 
glove, Infusum  digitalis — i.  of  Gentian,  compouml, 
Infusum  gcntianaj  compositum — i.  of  Ginger,  In- 
fusum Zingiberis  —  i.  of  Hops,  Infusum  humuli 
— i.  of  Horseradish,  compound,  Infusum  armora- 
ciae  compositum  —  i.  of  Linseed,  Infusum  linL 
compositum — i.  of  Matico,  Infusum  matico — i. 
of  Mint,  compound,  Infusum  mentlia?  composituru 
• — i.  of  Orange-peel,  compound,  Infusum  aurantii 
compositum — i.  of  Pareira  Brava,  Infusum  Pa- 
reiroB — i.of  Pinkroot.Infusum  spigclire — i.of  Quas- 
sia,Infusum  quassia; — i. of  Khatany,Infusum  Krii- 
meri;c — i.of  Rhubarb,  Infusum  rhei — i.  of  the 
Rose,  Infusum  rosic  compositum  —  i.  of  Sar- 
saparilla,  Infusum  sarsaparilhc  —  i.  of  Sassafras 
pith,  Infusum  sassafras  medulla;  —  i.of  Seneks;, 
Infusum  SenegiE  —  i.  of  Senna,  Infusum  sennse 
com])()situm  —  i.  of  Siniaruba,  Infusum  simaru- 
bae  —  i.  of  Slippery  elm,  Infusum  ulmi-  i.  of 
Thoroughwort,  Infusum  eupatorii — i.  of  Tobacco, 
Infusum  tabaci — i.  of  Valerian,  Infusum  Valeria- 
nae— i.  of  Virginia  snakeroot,  Infusum  serpenla- 
riae — i.of  Wild  cherry,  Infusum  pruni  \'irginianiie. 

INFl'SOIH  (F.),  Jiifii'Kor.  An  instrument; 
for  injecting  medicinal  substances  into  iho 
veins.  It  was  a  kind  of  funnel,  the  elongated 
apex  of  which  was  stopped  by  a  metallic  rod, 
which  could  be  withdrawn  when  the  apex  was 
introiluced  into  a  vein. 

INFU'SUM,  En'chijma.  The  product  of  an 
infusion. 

iNFUSt'M  Acaci/E  CATKcni',  T.  catechu  compo- 
situm—  i.  Amaruin  vinosum,  Vinum  gcnliana) 
compositum — i.  of  Angustura,  I.  cusparia;. 

I.NPUSUM       AnTIIEM'iDIS,      J/l/dlOc/l'lllinilnc'lllVI, 

Lifiixion  of  Chinn'iimile.  {Aiilhemid.  jinr.  ^ss  ; 
aq.  hnllient.  Oj.  Macerate  for  ten  minutes  in  a 
covered  vessel,  and  strain.)     Dose,  f^j  to  f^^iss. 

Inpusiim  Aujioua'i'i>«  CoMPOs'lTtM,  /.  Anno- 
raci(B  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Coniponnd  Iiif union  of  IJorse- 
rndinh.  (Aniiortic.  concis.,  einnpis  cont.,  sing. 
^j  :  (iqnep  hnllient.  Oj.  Macerate  for  two  hours, 
and  strain.)     Dose,  ^3J  to  f,5iij. 

Infiisum  Auran'tii  CoMi'Os'iTUM,  Compound 
Infusion  of  Oranije  Peel.  {Aurnnt.  cort.  sice,  ^ij  ; 
Union,  cort.  recent.  ^  ;  ciiryoph.  cont.  ^^ss  :  aq. 
fervent.  Oss.  Macerate  for  fifteen  minutes,  and 
strain. — Ph.  L.)     Dose,  f^iss  to  f,f  ij. 

Infusum  Brash,  Wort  —  i.  Buchu,  Infusum 
Diosma;  —  i.  Byncs,  Wort. 

lNFUSU>f  CaH'M'b^,  /.  Cnloni'ho'  ?CU  CninvihcF, 
Infusion  of  Cohnnhn.  (Colnmh.  rod.  concis.  ,^ss; 
aq.  fervent.  Oj.  Macerate  for  two  hours,  and 
strain.— Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  f  ^iss  to  ,^iij. 

InFI'SI'M  Cap'sicI,  Infusion  of  Coyenne  Pepper. 
{Capsic.  in.  pulv.  crass.  ,^ss;  aq.  bidlient.  Oj. 
Macerate  for  two  hours,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  f.^iss. 

Infusum  Caryophyl'li,  Infusion  of  Cloves. 
(Caryoph.  contus.  3'j  !  '"/•  hnllient.  Oj.  Mace- 
rate for  two  hours,  and  strain.)     Dose,  f^iss  to 

Infusum  CASCAnil/LyF,,  Infusion  <>/  Cmonrilla. 
[Cascarill.  contus.  ^j  j  "1-  hnllient.  Oj.     Alace- 


INFUSUM 


498 


INFUSUM 


rate  for  two  hours,  and  striiin.)     Dose,  f.^iss  to 

Infusum  Cassi.«  SKNNyE,  I.  seiinse  coinpo- 
sitiiin. 

Infitsi'm  Cat'kcikt  Comcos'itum,  I.  Cuteclm 
pen  Ai(i'Li(B  di'leclni.  Infitiion  of  Ciitechu.  {Cate- 
c7i»,  ill  ]>ulv.  5ss  ;  ciiiiiom.  cont.  ,^j  ;  oq.  hiillieiit. 
O.i.  Miu-ciiue  for  an  hour,  and  strain.)  Dose, 
f,^iss  to  f,^i,j. 

IxmsuM  Cincho'n^,  /.  ChichniKe  Irniri'/o'h'a;, 
lufoniiin  (if  CiiK-hiiua.  [Cinch,  contus.  ^^j  ;  o({. 
fervent.  Oj.  Miicerate  for  two  hours,  and  strain.) 
This  infusion  may  also  be  made  from  tlie  same! 
quantity  of  baric  in  coarse  powder  by  the  process! 
of  displacement  with  hot  or  cold  water.  Dose,' 
f^j  to  f5ii,i-  The  Pharmacopoeia  of  tiie  United' 
States  has  an  Jnfii'mini  Ciiichd'ncP.  JIuvcB,  Iiifiia>(iii\ 
(f  ijelliiw  hitrk,  and  an  ItifuHtun  Ciiic/toufE  rnbrcp,' 
Jiifiision  of  red  hurk,  which  are  (irepared  in  the! 
same  manner.  It  has  also  an  Fiifii'man  Cinrlio'iicB' 
Compoi'ilitiii,  which  is  made  as  follows  :  (Ciuchon. 
iiibr.  in  pulv.  5J  ;  Acid.  Snlfih.  uromot.  f 5Jj  ; 
iiqtice,  Oj.  Maceiafe  for  twelve  hours,  occasion- 
ally shaking,  and  strain.)  Dose,  same  as  the 
last. 

Inkusum  Cinchona:  Compositum,  see  Infusum 
Cinchona; — i.  Cinchonse  flava?,  see  Infusum  Cin- 
chonfE  —  i.  Colombae,  I.  caluiiibae. 

I.VPUSlJM  Ciispa'rIjK,  /.  Aiiffiistu'rcP,  hifuxion 
of  CnHprt'ria.  (Ciiiipor.  cort.  contus.  Jss;  oq. 
huUieiit.  Oj.  Macerate  for  two  hours,  and  strain.) 
Dose,  fgj  to  f^iij. 

Infusum  Digita'lis,  7.  D>;/itnh's  purpn'reeg, 
Infusion  of  Foxylove.  (Digital.  J^j  ;  oq.  Imllient. 
Oss ;  tinct.  cinnnmonii,  i'^j.  Muccrate  for  two 
hours,  and  add  sp.  cinnatn.  f.^j.)     Dose,  f  Ij. 

Infusum  Dios'm^o,  Ph.  U.  S..  1842,  /.  Jhichu, 
Ph.  U.  S.,  1851,  Infnxion  of  linchn.  (Dionm. 
^j  ;  aq.  huUient.  Oj.  Macerate  for  four  hours  in 
)i  covered  vessel,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose 
fjiss. 

InpuSUM  EijpAJo'riI,  Inftnion  of  Thornuyh. 
irort.  (Eiipotor.  ^j  ;  <tq.  hnlHent.  Oj.  Macerate 
for  two    hours,   and   strain.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)     Dos' 

Infusum  GKNTiA'NyE  Compos'itum,  Compound 
Infitiion  of  Gentian.  (Gentian,  cont.  ^^'^  ;  An- 
riiiit.  cort.,  Coriandr.  contus.  aa,^j  ;  alco/iol.  dilnt. 
f^^iv;  aqiicB,  f.^xij-  First  pour  on  the  alcohol, 
and  three  hours  afterwards,  the  water;  then  ma- 
cerate for  twelve  hours,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  f^^j  to  f.^ij. 

Jlamden'a  AntiHcorhu'tic  Drops,  an  empirical 
preparation,  consist  of  a  solution  of  corronive  sub- 
limate in  an  inf  union  of  gentian, 

Infu'sum  Hu'muli,  /.  Lii'puli,  Infusion  of 
Hops.  {Hinnid.  ^ss;  aq.  hu/lienl.  0'].  Macerate 
for  two  hours,  and  strain.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose, 
f^iss  to  f^iij. 

Infu.SU.M  JuNlp'Rni,  Infu'sion  of  Jit'niper.  The 
common  mode  of  making  this  infusion  is  by  an 
ounce  of  Juniper  Berries  to  a  pint  of  boiling 
water.  The  whole  may  be  taken  in  the  twenty- 
four  hours. 

Infu'sum  KitAMF,'Ri.«,  Infwiion  of  Rhnt'any. 
{Kramer,  contus.  ^j ;  aq.  huUicnt,  Oj.  Macerate 
for  four  hours,  and  strain.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose, 
f^iss. 

Infusum  Lini.  I.  L.  compositutn. 

iNPUStrM  Ltni  Comcos'itum  (Ph.  U.  S.,  1851), 
I.  Lini  (Ph.  U.  S.,  1S42),  /.  Lini  nsitnlis'simi. 
Infnsinn  of  Linseed,  Flaxseed  Tea.  {Lini  sent. 
cont.  55s  ;  gli/ei/rrh.  rad.  c<int.  ,^ij  ;  aqnai  bidlient. 
Oj.  Macerate  for  two  hours,  and  strain.)  Dose, 
a  teacupful.  ad  libitum. 

Infusu-M  Lupuli,  Infusum  Ilumuli  —  i.  Malti, 
Wort. 


Infusum  Mati'co,  Infusion  of  ifaiiro.  (,1/ii- 
tivo,  ^fs  (avoirdupois]  ;  aq.  bidlient.  Oss  (Imp. 
meas.).  Infuse  for  an  hour,  and  strain. — Ph.  D.) 
Dose,  f^iss  to  f5ij. 

Infusum  Mi:ntii-k  Viu'idis,  Infusion  of  S/ienr- 

mint.  Mint  Tea.  (.\feiilli(e  lirid.  ,^iij  ;  aq.  hiilli- 
ent.  Oss.  Infuse  f<ir  an  hour,  and  strain. — Ph.  [).) 
Dose,  f,^j  to  f5iij. 

InFIi.sum  V Anv.x'n.V., Infusion  of  Pareirn  Urarii, 
(Pareir.  ^x}  ;  aq.  bnllieut.  Oj  (Imp.  iiicas.).  In- 
fuse for  two  hours,  and  strain.— Ph.  K.)     li\)fi, 

Infusum  Prcis  EMPVUKUMATtr.n  Liguin/H.  see 
Pinus  sylvestris  —  i.  Picis  liiiuidiim,  see  Pliius 
sylvestris — i.  Polygaltc,  Infusum  Senegae. 

Infusum  Puuni  ViHciNiA'Nit:.  Infusion  of  ]Vild 

Clierri/  Hark.  {Prun.  Virginian.  Cunt,  ^ss; 
("/»(P,  Oj.  Macerate  for  2i  hmirs,  and  strain. — 
Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  f5J  to  f^iij. 

Infusum  Quass'ia;,  /.  Quassia  e.reel's-(B,  Iiifii- 
sion  ((/'  Quassia.  [QuassicB  li</n.  cont.  _!^ij ;  iiq, 
(frigid.)  Oj.  Macerate  for  ttvelve  hours,  and 
strain. — Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  f^j  to  f.^iv. 

Infusum  KiikI,  An'ima  Jihei,  Infusion  of  Rhu- 
barb, {/ihei,  cont.  ^j  ;  aq.  ferr.  Of>t.  Macerate 
for   two   hours,    and   strain.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose, 

■5.i  t"  f5'^'- 

Infusum  PvOS.«  Compos'itiim,  A  /^)•v(^  Gul'lictB, 

Infusion  (f  the  Rose.  { lios.  Gallic,  giv  ;  aq.  but. 
lient.  Oiiss  ;  acid.  snJpk.  d.  f  J^iij  ;  snceh.  pirrif. 
^^iss.  Add  the  water,  and  afterwards  the  acid  ; — 
macerate  for  half  an  hour;  strain,  and  add  the 
sugar.— Ph.  U.  S.)      Dose,  f.^iss  to  Oss. 

InfusI!M  Saksaparil'l^:,  Infusion  of  Sursa- 
parllla.  (S'lrsajiarill.  contus.  ^y,  aqner  bnllieut. 
Oj.  Digest  for  two  hours  in  a  covered  vessel, 
and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may  also  be  prejuired 
by  displacement.     Dose,  f,^ij  to  f^iv. 

Infusum  SaSs'afhas.  /.  Sassafras  meduU'a;  In- 
fusion of  Sassafras  Pith,  Mit'cilaqe  of  Sassufriit 
'Pilh.  {Sassafras  medull.  r^\  :  aqum  (friirid.j',  Oj. 
Macerate  for  three  hours,  anil  strain. —  Ph.  U.  S.) 
An  emcillient  coUyrium,  and  a  demulcent  drink. 

Infusum  Skn'kg.*;,  Infusum  Puli/g'alat,  lufusiim 
of  Seneka.  {Scneg.  "^X  ;  aq.  biillient.  (  [liip.  niCiis.). 
Itifuso  for  four  hours,  and  strain. — -Ph.  E.)  Dose, 

Infusum  Senn.«,  /.  iS'.  Compos'iinm,  I.  Cassia 

Senna  sen  Sennm  simplex.  Infusion  of  Svnua, 
{Senncp.,  "^y.  coriandr.  cont.  J^^j  ;  aq.  bidlient.  Oj. 
Macerate  for  an  hour,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  f.^j  to  f.^iv. 

The  n'lack  Draught,  lilack  Dose,  Plael,-  bollle, 
Ilanstns  niger,  is  usually  formed  of  this  infiisiuii. 
It  may  be  made  of  infus.  senna,  f,^v  ;  aq.  cinnam. 
i'5J  ;  """"'<e,  3iv;  magncs.  tulph.  ^vj.  Dose,  a 
wineglassful. 

Sehcay's  Prcjtared  Essence  of  Senna  is  a  con- 
centrated infusion  of  the  leaves  in  combination 
with  an  alkali. 

Infusum  SwNN.f;  Compositum,  I.  senna?. 

Infusum  SKltl'l-;NTA'ni.i:.  Infusion  of  Yirgimn, 
Snakeroot.  {Serpentar.  ,^ss;  aq.  bidlient.  Oj. 
Macerate  for  two  hours,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  f.^iss. 

InFITSUM  SlMAI!U''ll.f;.  Infusion  of  Simnrubn. 
{Simarnb.  cort.  cont.  ,^iij  ;  aq.  fervent.  Oj.  M^i- 
cerate  for  two  hours,  and  strain. — Ph.  E.)    Do^e, 

f'o.i  '"  *'5'.i- 

Infu'sum  SriCF/Lt,*;,  Infusion  of  Pmkruoi. 
{Spiqel.  5ss  ;  aq.  bnHienl.  Oj.  Macerate  f<irt«ii 
hours,   and  strain.  — Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  f.^iv  to 

Infusum  Tab'aCI,  Infusion  of  Tobacco.  (Tn- 
btiri  fol.  5)  ;  oq.  fern.  Oj.  Macerate  for  an  hour, 
and  strain!— Ph. "U.  S.)  Half  of  this  per  anutu  in 
striingiilateil  hernia. 

InfU-SUM   Tauax'aCI,    Infusion   of  Dan'deliun. 


INGA 


499 


INITIS 


(Tararnc.  contus.  ^ij  ;  aq.  httlllenf.  Oj.  Maee- 
riite  for  two  hours,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose, 
f  siss,  as  a  diuretic,  <tc. 

Inkusum  Ulmi,  lufimion  of  Sltp'pery  Elm, 
Slipprnj  Elm  Ten.  This  preparation,  in  the 
I'ha.inacopocia  of  the  United  States,  is  made  by 
infusing  one  ounce  of  slippery  elm  bark  in  a  pint 
of  lioiliiif/  water. 

[NFiisi'Sf  VALERIA'«fyE,  Infusion  of  Vale'rtan. 
(llnd.  v(ilerl<iii.  in  crass,  pulv.  ^ss;  aq.  biillieitt. 
Oj.  Macerate  for  an  hour,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  f.^iss  to  ,§ij. 

Infi:sum  Zinoiu'eriS,  Infusion  ofGhu/er,  Gin- 
ijrr  Tki.  (/^ni.(/i6.  contus.  §ss  ;  ttq.  huUient.  Oj. 
.Maceriite  for  two  hours,  and  strain. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
Uosc,  f.^'ss  to  f.^ij,  as  a  carminative. 

IN'GA.  A  genus  of  plants,  OrJ.  Legumi- 
nosic,  belonging  to  South  Aineric;i,  many  of  the 
species  of  which  are  possessed  of  astringent  pro- 
j)ortics.  Jntj'i  biirk  is  use<l  in  Soulli  America  as 
a  tonic  astringent  in  diarrhoea,  gonorrhoeii,  Ac. 
An  extract,  prepared  from  it,  possesses  all  the 
properties  of  rhatany. 

INOEN'IUM  {^forb;).  The  nature  or  genius 
of  a  disease,  from  in,  and  ;/eno,  for  giyno,  '  to 
generate.'  This  word  is  employed,  especially  by 
the  French,  synonymously  with  nature.  Tlicy 
speak,  for  instimce,  of  Genie  injlauimatoire, 
hilleiir,  &c.  Some,  also,  use  yenie  in  the  place 
6t  ti/pe  of  an  intermittent. 

INGlvS'TA,  from  in,  and  gerere,  (/eslinn,  'to 
hear  or  carry  into.'  Substances,  introduced  into 
the  body  by  the  digestive  passages  ;  as  food,  con- 
diments, drinks,  &c. 

INGLU'VIES,  Aplcn'tia,  Victfis  inteniperan'- 
l!(i: — Gluttony,  Insatiableness ;  also,  the  Crop  or 
Cram  or  Ganje  of  Birds,  (F.)  Jabot;  and  the  frit 
fitiinach  or  paunch  of  ruminant  animals — Pen'nla, 
lliiiii'n.  Venter  inaijnua,  (F.)  Panee,  Herbier, 
1),.„1,Ip.     Also,  the  Pharynx. 

IXGRAS'SIAS,  APOPH'YSES  OF.  The 
lesser  ahe  of  the  sphenoid  bone. 

INMHIAVIDATIO.  Fecundation,  Pregnnncv. 

INGllAVIUATION,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 

INGllESSUS  SUPEKIOK.  Cardia. 

IXGUEN,  Bnban,  Dnbo,  'the  groin,'  (Prov.) 
Lank,  Ijiiit,  Link,  Lesk ;  ^doe.'on,  He'palis 
emnncto'ria,  (F.)  Aine.  The  oblique  fold  or  de- 
jtression  which  separates  the  abdomen  from  the 
tliigh.  It  is  only,  properly  speaking,  a  line  thiit 
extends  from  the  anterior  and  superior  spinous 
process  of  the  ilium  to  the  middle  part  of  the 
horizontal  ramus  of  the  pubis.  Also,  the  genital 
orgnns. 

IN'OUINAL,  Inijninn'lis,  from  inrjnen,  inyni- 
tiis,  'the  groin.'  Belonging  or  relating  to  the 
groin.  This  epithet  has  been  given  to  various 
piirts  met  with  in  the  region  of  the  groin  or  in- 
guinal region. 

Ingi'in'ai,  AuTEny  is  that  portion  of  the  femoral 
nrtory  situate  immediately  beneath  the  crural 
nrcli  in  the  inguinal  region. 

Inriixai,  Canal  is  a  canal,  about  two  inches 
in  length,  proceeding  oliliquely  downwards,  in- 
wards ancl  forwards  at  the  lower  part  of  the  ab- 
diiMien  ;  throuiih  which  passes  the  spermatic  cord, 
in  men,  and  the  round  ligament  of  the  uterus  in 
women.  This  canal  is  fornuMl,  infcriorly  and  an- 
teriorly, by  the  aponeurosis  of  the  greater  oblique 
muscle;  posteriorly  by  the  fancia  trangrernall/i, 
wliioli  is  joined  to  the  prece(liiig  aponeurosis,  and 
forms  with  it  a  deep  channel,  into  which  are  re- 
ceived the  lesser  oblique  and  transversalis  mus- 
cles. The  inguinal  cana!  has  two  apertures;  the 
one.  the  tower  and  inner,  is  called  the  inynina/  or 
iihilomlnal  rinif.  It  is  bounded  by  two  strong 
tendinous  pillars  which  fix  it— the  innermost  to 
the  -yinpbysis.  the  onlern\osl  to  the  spine  of  the 
pubis.     The  upper  ami  outer  aperture  is  formed 


by  the  fascia  transversalis.  From  the  edge  of 
this  aperture  arises  a  membranous  funnel, — a 
prolongation  of  the  fascia  transversalis, — which 
receives  the  spermatic  vessels;  forms  their  proper 
sheath,  and  accompanies  them  as  far  as  the  tes- 
ticle. On  its  inside  lies  the  epigastric  artery. 
Above  it,  is  the  lower  edge  of  the  transversalis 
muscle:  and,  below,  it  is  bounded  by  the  channel 
of  the  greater  oblique.  By  fcdlowing  the  oblique 
direction  of  this  canal,  and  [>assing,  consequently, 
on  the  outside  of  the  epigastric  artery,  the  viscera 
are  displaced,  so  as  to  constitute  internal  inguinal 
hernia. 

I.NGUINAL  Re'GIOX,  ReUjio  iuyaina'lis,  Bubo, 
Inynen.     The  region  of  the  groin. 

I.NGUINAL  Ring,  Abdom'inal  Ring,  An'nnlu/i 
ahdom'iniH,  (F.)  Anneau  Inyuinal,  is  the  inferior 
aperture  of  the  inguinal  canal. 

IxX'GUlNO-CUTA'NEUS.  A  name  given  by 
Professor  Chaussier  to  the  middle  ramus  of  the 
anterior  branch  of  the  first  lumbar  nerve,  be- 
cause it  sends  its  numerous  filaments  to  the  groin, 
scrotum,  and  to  the  skin  of  the  superior  part  of 
the  thigh. 

INIIyERENS,  Inherent. 

INIIALATIO,  Absorption,  Inhalation— i.  Cu- 
tis, see  Absorption. 

INIIAEA'TION,  Inhula'tio;  from  in,  and  ha- 
lare,  'to  breathe.'  The  act  of  driivving  air  or  va- 
pour into  the  lungs  —  Inhalu'tio  puhnonu'lis. 
Also,  absorption. 

INIIA'LER.  Same  etvmon.  An  apparatus 
for  inhalation,  jlfiidi/e'n  Inhaler  is  an  apparatus 
for  inhaling  the  steam  of  hot  water,  in  afi'cctions 
of  the  air-passages.  It  consists  of  a  pewter 
tankard  provided  with  a  lid,  into  which  a  flexible 
tube  is  inserted.  Through  this  the  vapour  i.s 
inhaled. 

IXIIE'REXT,  hihasreni.  (in,  and  htrreo,  'I 
stick.')  That  which  adheres,  or  which  is  joined 
or  united  to  any  thing. 

Iniikhent  CAliTEltV,  (F.)  Cantere  inherent,  is 
the  actual  cautery,  left  in  contact  with  a  part 
until  it  is  reduced  to  the  state  of  a  deep  eschar. 

INHU.MA'TION,  Inhuma'li,,.  from  inhmno,  in- 
huniatus.  (in,  and  hnmun,)  'I  put  into  the  ground.' 
The  nepnltnre  <f  the  dead.  This  belongs  to  the 
subject  of  medical  police.  Also,  digestion  of 
substances  in  earth  or  dung.     See  Arenatio. 

IN  IAD,  see  Inial. 

IN'IAL,  from  iviov,  'the  nape  of  the  neck.' 
An  epithet,  proposed  by  Dr.  Barclay,  for  an  as- 
pect towards  the  plane  of  the  ridge  of  the  occi- 
put. Iniad  is  employed  by  him  adverbially  to 
signify  'towards  the  inial  aspect.' 

INIENCEPH'ALUS,  (F.)  Inienefphale,  from 
iviov,  'occiput,'  and  ty/cE/^aXos,  'encephalon.'  A 
monster  whose  ence))halon  is  in  great  part  in  the 
cranium,  and  in  j)art  out  of  it,  behind,  and  a 
little  beneath  the  cranium,  which  is  open  in  its 
occijiital  portion.  —  I,  G.  St.  Ililairc. 

INIODYMUS,  Diprosopns. 

IXION,  iviov.  Some  of  the  Greek  physicians 
give  this  name  to  the  occi|)ut,  or  the  ridge  of  the 
occiput;  others  to  the  back  part  of  the  neck,  and 
the  muscles  of  the  occiput.  Blancard  says  it  is 
the  commencement  of  the  spinal  marrow. 

INIOPS,  Iniope,  from  iviov,  'occiput,'  and  ui//, 
'the  eve,  face.'  A  monster,  double  above  the 
umbilicus,  which  has  two  ears  very  near  each 
other,  or  only  one  median  ear,  and  above  if.  at  a' 
greater  or  less  distance,  a  median  orbit  .'ind  eye, 
more  or  less  imperfect.  The  rudimental  fMc<>  ap- 
pearing to  be  directly  opposite  the  prinrii)al  face 
suggesteil  the  name. — I.  G.  St.  Ililairc. 

INI'TIS,  Jnohymeni'tin,  from  ij,  gen.  iie/?.  "a 
fibre,'  anil  itix,  a  ?-\\^\  denoting  inflame;:. lion. 
Fibrous  inflamm:ition. 


INITIUM 


500 


INITIUM,  Arche— i.  Asperne  arteriae,  Larynx 
— i.  Extubcrans  Coli,  Cajeuui. 

INIUM,  iwoi/.  The  nucha.  Also,  the  muscles 
at  the  back  of  the  neck.     See  Inion. 

INJACULA'TIO,  (ill,  and  jnculor,  jacnlalun, 
'to  shoot.')  A  term  employed  by  Van  Helmont 
to  designate  an  acute  pain  of  the  stomach,  with 
rigidity  and  immobility  of  the  body. 

INJECT'ED,  /iijec'tim,  from  iiijicere,  injection, 
{ill,  and  jacere,  'to  throw  into.')  The  face  and 
other  parts  are  said  to  be  injected,  when  the  accu- 
mulation of  blood  in  the  capillary  vessels  gives 
them  an  evident  red  colour.  A  subject  or  part 
of  h,  subject  is  also  said  to  be  injected,  when  its 
A'essels  have  been  filled,  by  the  anatomist,  with 
an  appropriate  composition. 

INJECTION,  Jiijec'tio,  Eia'hole:  same  ety- 
,mon.  The  act  of  introducing,  by  means  of  a  sy- 
ringe or  other  instrument,  a  liquid  into  a  cavity 
of  the  body.  The  liquid  injected  is  also  called  an 
injection.  Anatomists  use  injections  —  Injectio'- 
vea  anatom' iccB  —  for  filling  the  cavities  of  ves- 
sels, in  order  that  they  may  be  rendered  more 
apparent,  and  their  dissection  be  facilitated.  For 
this  purpose,  they  employ  syringes  of  ditfercnt 
dimensions,  and  various  materials.  The  most 
common  injections  are  made  of  soot,  wa.x,  and 
turpentine,  coloured  with  lamp-black,  vermillion, 
Ac.  There  are  three  kinds  chiefly  used  by  ana- 
tomists,—  the  euiirse,  l\ie  Jinc,  and  the  viinute. 
The  following  are  formulae  for  each. 

COAUSE  In.iection. 

No.  1. 

Pure  yeUoiij  wax,  oz.  xvj. 

Blenched  rosin,  oz.  viij. 

Turpentine  varninh,  by  measure,  oz.  vj. 

No.  2. 

Yellow  rosin,  lb.  ij. 
Yellow  wax,  lb.  j. 

Turpentine    varnish,    a    sufficient    quantity    to 
make  the  mi.\ture  flexible  when  cold. 

No.  3. 
Tallow,  lb.  ij. 
White  wax,  oz.  x. 
Common  oil,  oz.  vj. 
Venice  turpentine,  oz.  iv. 
Mix  and  liquefy  over  a  slow  fire  or  over  boiling 
water. 

To  make  any  of  these  mixtures. 

Red  —  add  vermillion,  oz.  iij. 

Yellow  —  King's  yelloto,  oz.  iiss. 

White — best  Jlake  white,  oz.  vss. 

„  ,     ,  ,  f  best  llal-e  white,  oz.  iiiss. 

Pale-blue      \  j-     ■,,  u         •••  „ 

{pne  blue  smalt,  oz.  uiss. 

Dark-blue  —  blue  verditer,  oz.  xss. 

Black  —  lamp-black,  oz.  j. 

(powdered  verdiyris,  oz.  ivss. 
Green  ■<  best  finlce  lohite,  oz.  iss. 

(^powdered  gamboye,  oz.  j. 

Fine  Injection. 

Brown  spirit  varnish,  oz.  iv. 
White  spirit  carnish,  oz.  iv. 
Turpentine  varnish,  oz.  j. 

To  make  this  mixture, 

Red  —  add  vermillion,  oz.  j. 

Yellow  —  King's  yellow,  oz.  jj. 

AVhite  —  best  flake  white,  oz.  ij. 

t:   \.i  lo  ,„    f  fi"^  blue  smalt,  oz.  is.s. 

Light-blue   i',     .  n  ,       ,  .;  ., 

"  (  best  Jta/.'e  white,  oz.  jif. 

Dark  blue  —  bine  verditer,  oz.  iv. 

Black  —  lamp-black,  oz.  ss. 


INNERVATION 


Minute  Injection. 


Take  of  transparent  size,  broken  to  pieces,  or 
Isinglass,  oz.  viij. 
Water,  lb.  iss.     Dissolve. 

To  make  this  mixture, 

Red  —  add  vermillion,  oz.  v. 
Yellow  —  King's  yellow,  oz.  iv, 
AVhite — best  /lake  white,  oz.  v. 
Blue — fine  blue  smalt,  07..  viij. 

(powdered  verdigris,  oz.  iij. 
Green    •<  best /lake  white,  dr.  ij. 

(pow'dercd  yambogc,  dr.  j. 
Black  —  lamp-black,  oz.  j. 

Beautiful  injections,  are  made  with  ether  ns 
the  menstruum. 

Cold    Injection. 

White  lead  and  red  lead,  each,  oz.  iv ;  linsnd 
oil,  enough  to  form  a  thick  paste  when  tiicy 
are  rubbed  well  togetlier.    Liquefy  this  paste 
with  turpentine  varnish,  oz.  viij. 
The  advantage  of  this  mixture  is,  that  the  sub- 
ject need  not  be  heated. 

In  order  to  inject  the  arteries,  the  injertinn 
must  be  forced  from  the  great  trunks  towiivds 
their  ultimate  ramifications.  To  inject  the  veins, 
on  the  contrary,  it  is  indispensable,  on  account  of 
their  valves,  to  send  the  injection  from  the  siiinlliT 
divisions  towards  the  greater.  The  lyniphiitic-s 
are  usually  injected  with  mercury.  The  practi- 
tioner inject,s,  by  forcing  with  a  syringe,  liquids, 
such  as  emollient,  narcotic,  stimulant,  and  other 
decoctions  or  infusions,  into  different  hollow  or- 
gans, as  the  rectum,  vagina,  nasal  fossa;,  urethin, 
tunica  vaginalis,  auditory  canal,  Ac,  to  fulfil  va- 
rious therapeutical  indications. 

The  following  injection  has  been  strongly  re- 
commended by  Dr.  Horner  to  preserve  the  dead 
body. 

Take  of  Liverpool,  St.  Ubes, 

or  Tnrk-'s  Island  Salt,        OZ.  ^^  avoird. 
Nitrate  of  potiissa,  "    ]9 

Carbonate  of  Soda,  "      8 

Molasses  (Sugar-house,)     "      4  by  meas. 
Water,  six  pints. 

The  saline  constituents  to  be  dissolved  first  of 
all  in  boiling  hot  water  ;  the  molasses  to  lie  after- 
wards stirred  in  ;  the  starch  to  be  mixed  well  with 
half  a  pint  of  cold  water,  and  then  to  be  stirred 
in  with  the  other  articles.  As  soon  as  it  begin!* 
to  boil,  the  whole  mass  swells  up,  when  it  must 
be  removed  from  the  fire.  On  the  proper  reduc- 
tion of  temperature  it  is  fit  for  use. 

Injection,  Mattiiews's,  see  Tinctura  cantha- 
ridis. 

Injectiones  AnatosiictE,  see  Injection. 

INK,  Atramentum. 

INKBERRY,  Prinos  glaber. 

IN-KNEED,  Entogonyancon. 

IN'NATE,  from  Vx,  and  nascor,  naliis,  'J  am 
born.'     Inborn. 

Innate  Diseases,  Morbi  conna'ti  seu  enixjeu'- 
iti,  (F.)  Maladies  inn(ee.  Diseases  with  which 
the  infant  is  born.  They  are  not  always  heredi- 
tary, as  hereditary  diseases  are  not  alwavs  innate. 

INNERLEITIl'EN,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  These  springs,  situate  near  the  Tweed,  and 
supposed  to  be  the  scene  of  "St.  Ronan's  Well,' 
contain  chlorides  of  sodium  and  calcium,  and 
carbonate  of  magnesia. 

INNERVA'TION,  Innerva'tio,  from  in,  'in,' 
and  nervus,  'a  nerve.'  By  this  term  i.«  meant  — 
the  nervous  influence,  necessary  for  the  mainten- 
ance of  life  and  the  functions  of  the  various  or- 
gans;— an  influence  of  whose  character  and  source 


INNOMINATUM 


501 


INSCRIPTIONES 


we  are  i<rnorant.     It  ?eerns  to  resemble  the  gal- 
vanic or  floetric  agencies.     See  Nerves. 

INNOMIXA'TUM,  A„oit'i/mum,  from  in,  'ne- 
gation,' ami  iioiiuii,  'a  riaiuc.'  (F.)  Aiioiiyme. 
Having  no  name. 

InNiiMINA'ta  Arte'iua,  I}rf(chio-cej)hal'ic  nr- 
terif,  Arte'rid  anoii'i/mn,  Right  Snbclavuin,  (F.) 
Ailere  tiinmnlnee,  Artere  liritchio-feph<ili<iue  (Ch.), 
is  the  trunk  common  to  the  ri<5ht  primitive  carotid 
and  to  the  subclavian.  It  arises  from  the  ante- 
rior part  of  tiie  arch  of  the  aorta,  ascends  obliquely 
to  the  right,  along  the  trachea;  and  after  a  course 
of  about  an  inch  in  length,  divides  into  two  trunks, 
which  go  off  at  riglit  angles.  The  one  is  exler- 
unl  —  the  riijkt  Hitfjcfavidii  proper  ;  the  other  su- 
perior—  the  primitive  carotid,  of  the  same  side. 

IsNoMiNATA  Caiitii.ago,  Cricoid. 

Innominata  Cav'itas.  A  cavity  of  the  outer 
car,  between  the  helix  and  anthilix. 

Is.NOMiNATUM  FonA'.MKX.  A  foramen,  near  the 
middle  of  the  atiterior  surface  of  the  pars  petrosa 
of  the  temporal  bone,  leading  backwards  for  the 
pas.sage  of  tlie  Vidian  nerve,  reflected  from  the  2d 
branch  of  the  6th  to  the  portio  dura  of  the  7th  pair. 

Innominata  Fossa,  see  Fossa  —  i.  Linea,  see 
Ilio-pectinca  Linea. 

Innominati  seu  Anonymi  Nkrvi.  Some  ana- 
tomists have  thus  called  the  nerves  of  the  fifth 
pair. 

Innominatum  Os,  On  Coxeu'dicis  seu  Coxa  seu 
fiiiiiu't/niitnt  seu  pelvis  later<i'le,  (F.)  0^  iniiomine, 
Os  Cdxnl,  Os  (uwn\jme.  A  very  large,  flat  bone, 
which  forms  the  anterior  and  lateral  paries  of 
the  pelvis.  It  is  curved  upon  itself  in  two  op- 
(losite  directions.  In  the  first  periods  of  life,  it 
is  composed  of  three  portions:  —  the  ilium,  isehi- 
vin,  and  jiahis,  which  join  each  other  in  the  ace- 
tabulum. It  is  articulated  before  with  its  fellow, 
—  Iiehind  with  the  sacrum;  and  luterulli/  yi\lh 
the  femur. 

Innominata  Mino'ra  Ossa,  Lesser  Ossa  in- 
nnmiiiata,  Onsic'iila  iiuKniiiiid'td.  Some  anato- 
mists have  given  this  name  to  the  three  cuneiform 
bones  of  the  tarsus. 

Innominata  OssroirLA,  Innominata  minora 
osisa — i.  Tunica  Oculi,  Sclerotic. 

Innominate  Vene,  op  Vikussens.  Vieussens 
has  given  this  name  to  two  or  three  veins,  which 
arise  on  the  anterior  surface  and  right  margin  of 
the  heart,  and  open  into  the  auricle  towards  its 
right  margin.  The  term  Vkn.e  Innominat^k  of 
JIkckkl  is  given  to  the  hrar.hioeephitlic  veins, 
which  are  generally  included  in  the  description 
of  the  subclavian  vein,  and  correspond  to  the 
arteria  innominata,  being  formed  l)y  the  union 
of  the  internal  jugular  vein  and  the  subclavian 
jiroperly  so  called,  which  correspond  to  the  com- 
mon carotid  and  subclavian  arteries. 

IXNOMINATUS.  Anonymous. 

IXNIITIIITIO  OSSIUM,  Rachitis. 

IXOC'ULABLE.  Same  etymon  as  the  next. 
Capable  of  inoculation,  or  of  being  communicated 
by  inoculation. 

INOCULA'TION,  Iiiocida'tio,  I)isii"io,  THsit"io 
tnrinld'riiiii,  from  inocnlitre,  (in,  and  oculiis,  'nn 
eye,')  'to  ingraft.'  Any  operation  by  which 
sinnll-pox,  for  example,  may  be  artificially  com- 
luunicated,  by  introducing  the  virus  of  the  parti- 
cular disease  into  the  economy,  by  means  of  a 
puncture  or  scratch  made  in  the  skin.  When  the 
word  inoculation  is  used  alone,  it  usually  means 
that  for  the  small-pox, —  Variola'tioii.  See 
Syphilization. 

Inoci'i.ation,  Cowpox,  Vaccination — i.  Jenne- 
rian.  Vaccination. 

INOC'ULATOR,  same  etymon.  In'sitor.  One 
who  practises  inoculation. 

INODULAR  TISSUE,  see  Tissue,  inodular. 

I.VODULE,  Tissue,  inodular. 


IXOHYLOMA,  Tumour,  fibrous. 

INOIIYMENI'TIS  :  from  it,  gen.  ivof,  'afibre  ;' 
'ufojv,  '  a  inein!)rane,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflam- 
mation. Inilaniina'tio  tela  Jibro' see.  Inflamma- 
tion of  the  fibrous  tissue. 

INO.MA,  Tumour,  fibrous. 

INONVTION,  Inunction. 

INOPOLYPUS,  see  Polypus. 

INORGAN'IC,  Iiiorg<vi'icits,  Unor'tjanized, 
(F.)  Iiwrganiqne ;  from  in,  'negation,'  and  or- 
(fii)iiim,  'an  organ.'  A  term  applied  to  bodies 
which  have  no  organs  ;  —  such  as  minerals.  At 
the  present  day,  naturalists  admit  of  but  two 
classes  of  bodies,  —  the  organized  and  inorganic. 
Parts  of  the  body  which,  like  the  epidermis,  are 
devoid  of  blood-vessels  and  nerves,  have  beea 
called  anorc/niiic. 

INOSCLERO'MA,  from  ij,  gen.  ivoi,  'a  fibre,' 
and  aKXrjpdifia,  'induration.'  Induration  of  the 
fibrous  tissue. 

INOSCULATIO,  Anastomosis. 

INOSIS,  Hyperinosis. 

IN'OSITE,  In'osit,  Mnsile  sugar ;  from  is,  ivos, 
'a  fibre.'  An  unfennentable  sugar,  found  only  in 
the  juice  of  the  cardiac  muscle. — Lehmann. 

INOSTEATO'MA,  from  n,  ivoi,  'a.  fibre,'  and 
sfeatoma.  A  tumour  of  a  mixed  fibrous  and  stca- 
tomatous  character. 

INQUIES,  Inquietude. 

INQUIETATIO,  Inquietude. 

INQUI'BTUDE,  Inqmctn'do,'*fn'quics,  Liqnie- 
ta'tio,  Juctita'tio,  from  in,  'negation,'  and  qnics, 
'rest.'  Agitation  or  trouble,  caused  by  indispo- 
sition.    Restlessness. 

INQUINAMENTUM,  Miasm. 

INQUISITIO  MEDICO-LEGALIS,  see  Me- 
dico-legal. 

INSALIVA'TION,  Inscilim'tio,  from  in,  and 
sativa.  The  mixture  of  the  food  with  the  saliva, 
and  other  secretions  of  the  mouth. 

INSALU'BRIOUS,  Lix.ilu'bris,  X'ose'ros,  Xo- 
so'des.  That  which  is  unhealtlij', — which  injures 
the  health. 

INSANABILIS,  Incurable. 

INSANE,  Insa'nns ;  from  in,  'negation,'  and 
sanus,  'sound;'  Aliena'tns,  Criizy,  Mad,  Non- 
sane,  Demented,  Deranged,  Bedlamite,  (Sc.)  Daft, 
Wod,  (F.)  Aliene,  Fou,  Insense.  One  affected 
with  mental  aberration,  or  of  unsound  mind. 

INSANIA,  Mania — i.  Cadiva,  Epilepsy — i.  Lu- 
pina,  Lycanthropia — i.  Puerperarum,  Mania,  puer- 
peral. 

INSANITAS,  Insanity. 

INSAN'ITY,  Fnsa'nia,  Insan'itns.  Same  etj-- 
mon.  Mental  aliena'tion,  Abalienu'tio  seu  Alle- 
natio  Mentis,  Arrep'tio,  Unsound  Mind,  De 
ranqe'ment.  Deranged  intellect,  Cra'ziness,  (Sc.) 
Baffin,  Daffing,  Wodnes ;  Aphros'tjue,  Ecpliro'- 
nia,  Ecphros'  i/ne,  Paral'lage,  Parallax'is, 
Delir'ia,  Vesa'nia;,  Delir'ium  (Crichton),  Insi- 
pien'tia,  (F.)  Folic.  Egarement  d'Esprit,  Para- 
phrenic. This  term  includes  all  the  varieties  of 
unsound  mind,  —  Mania,  Melancholia,  Moral  In- 
sanity, Dementia,  and  Idiocy.  A  slight  degree 
of  insanity  is  sometimes  popularly  called  "  a 
JfinI:  in  the  head;"  in  Scotland,  "a  bee  in  the 
bonnet." 

Ixsanitv,  Homicidal,  see  Homicidal — i.  Inco- 
herent, Dementia — i.  Moral,  Pathomania-;- i. 
Puerperal,  Mania,  puerperal — i.  Religious,  Sebas- 
tomania — i.  Senile,  Delirium  senile — i.  Suicidal, 
see  Suicide. 

IXSANUS,  Insane. 

INSCRIPTION,  see  Matriculate. 

INSCRIPTIO'NES  TENDIN'EiE  MUSCU- 
LO'RUM,  Intersectio'nes  seu  Enervntio' nes  ten- 
din'ecB  innscnio'ritm,  Interme'dla  ligameiita'lln  seu 
ner'veu.     The    tendinous    i^ortions    which    cross 


INSEMINATION 


502 


INSTINCTIVE 


ppvernl  mu=olc.=,  nnJ  especinlly  the  straight  mus- 
cles of  the  nhiloinen. 

IXSEMTNAirON,  see  EjacuhUion, 
IXSENRi^rENTIA,  Agerasia. 

IXSENSK.  Insane. 

TN^ENSIBIL'ITY,  A>ifpsthp'»i^,  liiwim'hU  i- 
tns.  Loss  or  aH?enoe  of  sensibility.  It  is  very 
nommon  in  eerehral  affeetions,  and  may  extend 
to  every  part,  or  be  limited  to  one  or  more. 
Some  organs  are  mnoh  more  sensible  than  others. 
The  bones.  enrtilaKes,  liiranients.  ,te.,  are  insen- 
sible in  hejilth,  but  aeutely  sensible  in  disease. 

TNSEX'.TBLE.  Spn»lhn!tn'1e  mretiD.  That 
■which  is  devoiil  of  sensibility.  This  word  is  ,np- 
plied,  also,  to  phenomena  which  cease  to  be  ap- 
preciable to  the  senses.  Thu.s,  we  say,  the  pulse 
Tiecomes  in!'eiin!hfe. 

INSER'TION,  hi«rr'tin,  Si/wph'i/iis,  Eiio'nin, 
from  iiixerrre,  iiinertiiin.  (in,  and  nernrc,  '  to  join 
or  knit.')  'to  ino;riift.'  (F.)  AflntJie.  The  at- 
tachment of  one  purt  to  another.  Insertions 
occur  chiefly  on  bones,  cartihifros,  and  filirons 
orjrnns  :  thus,  we  speak  of  the  insertion  of  mus- 
cular fibres  into  a  tendon  or  aponeurosis  ;  the  in- 
sertion of  a  tendon,  aponeurosis,  orlisament,  into 
a  ca.rtila<ie  or  bone.  The  word  insertion  has  like- 
wise been  used  by  path(doj;ists  for  the  act  of  in- 
ocnlatinff  or  introducin<?  a  virus  into  the  body. 

INSES'SIO,*rom  inntdere,  inseKitan,  (in,  and 
Kfidere.)  'to  sit  in.'  This  term  is,  sometimes, 
applied  to  a  vapour  bath,  the  person  boina;  seated 
in  ft  peifdrated  chair,  beneath  which  .a  vessel, 
filled  with  hot  water,  or  the  hot  decoction  of  some 
plant,  is  placed.     See  Seinicupium. 

TNSESSTTS,  T5ath,  half. 

INSiriTIM.  Isicium. 

INSIDEN'TIA,  Epis'fanin.  Any  thing  which 
swims  on  or  in — the  urine,  for  example.  It  is 
apposed  to  the  ITiipnu'tanin  or  Kuhniden'tia. 

TNSTPTENTIA,  Insanity. 

TNSITIO,  Inoculation — ^^i.  Ciliornm.  Blepharo- 
plastice  —  i.  Dentis,  Transplantatio  Dentis^i. 
Variolarum,  Inoculation. 

TNSOLA'TIOX.  Tnnohi'tin,  from  iiu  and  nol, 
the  sun  ;'  Apricn'tio.  ffelio'niK,  [Iili'nKix,  Helio- 
'lo'iif,  Siri'anin.  Exposure  to  the  sun.  Exposure 
of  a  patient  to  the  ravs  of  the  sun  is,  sometimes, 
had  recourse  to,  with  the  view  of  rousins:  the 
vital  forces  when  lans:nishino:.  or  of  producing 
irritation  of  the  skin.  Insolation  is  occasionally 
used  in  the  same  sense  as  fnnp  fie  nohil. 

In  Phnvmnci/.  innnlntinn  means  the  drying  of 
chemical  and  fiharmacentical  substances. 

JXSOLAZrOXE  BE  PUIMIVERA,  Pel- 
la  srra. 

IN  SO  M 'NT  A.  Tnxnm'nllox,  Sahara.  Znnrn. 
Perriqll'iiim.  Pernnrtn'tlo,  Aijp'liin.  Aijryp'nia, 
Ahjip'nin,  Ant/p'nin,  Ti/pliomn'nio,  Sleep' leHsnein, 
Vir/"il(ince,  from  in,  'negntion,'  and  unmnim, 
'  .sleep,'  '  absence  of  sleep.'  This  may  exist  alone, 
and  constitute  a  true  disease;  or  it  may  bo  con- 
nected with  anntlier  affection.  It  is  an  unequi- 
■local  si'^n  of  sufferini;  in  some  organ;  even  when 
the  riatifnt  experiences  no  pain. 

TXSOMXTrM,  Somnium. 

TNSPECTIO  MEDICO-LEGALIS,  see  Me- 
dico-letral. 

TXSPTRA  TETTR,  Inspiratory. 

TNSPIRA'TTON.  hiKpim'tin,  Empnenmnto'iii-i. 
Eiitp'noe,  Artxpirrr'tio,  Axpira'lio,  from  in,  '  in,' 
and  spirn,  'I  breathe.'  The  action  by  which  the 
air  penetrates  into  the  interior  of  the  lungs.  A 
movement  opposed  to  that  of  expiration.  As  re- 
gards the  averaije  qu.intity  of  air  received  into 
the  lungs  at  each  inspiration,  there  is  much  dis- 
crepancy anionerst  observers.  The  following  table 
sufficiently  ex'uibits  this:  — 


Ciiliic  inrhcn  at 
oadi  iijs|iiriilinii, 

Roil 12  to  100 

Menzies,  "| 

Sauvagos, 
Hales, 
Ilaller, 

Ellis,  j- 40 

Sprengel, 
Sommering, 
Thomson, 
Bostock, 

Jurin '. Z;>  to  .18 

Fontana .".'i 

Rieherand .10  (o  10 

Dalton .■;n 

Jeffreys I'l; 

Herbst 21  to  .",0 

Ilerholdt 20  to  2'J 

Jurine  and  Coathupe 20 

Allen  and  Pcpys Kit 

.1.  Biirelli l;^'to  10 

Goodwvn 1 1 

Sir  II.  Davy ]:;  to  17 

Aberncth}'  and  Mojon  12 

Keutsch ()  to  12 

Inspihation  op  Vknoi's  Blood.  By  tlii."  is 
meant  the  as[iiralion  of  blooil  towanls  llio  lioart, 
occasioned  by  the  approach  to  a  vaciiiiin  jmo- 
duced  by  the  dilatation  of  the  thorax  during  in- 
spiration. 

IN'SPIRATORY.  Same  etymon.  /h«/)/™- 
tio'ni  inxer'vienx,  (F.)  Tnnpirnleur.  A  name  uivcn 
to  muscles,  which,  by  their  contraction,  angnii'nt 
the  size  of  the  chest,  and  thus  produce  iiis|iirfi- 
tion.  The  diaphragm  and  intercostal  niu.-^clt's 
are  the  chief  agents  of  inspiration.  In  cnscii 
where  deep  inspirations  are  necessary,  the  action 
of  these  muscles  is  aided  by  the  contractiiui  "f 
the  pectoralis  major  and  pectoralis  minor,  siihcla- 
vius,  serratus  major  antieus,  sealeni,  serratiis  pris- 
tieus  superior,  <fec.  Most  of  these  mu.>^cles  lie- 
come  inspiratory,  by  taking  their  fixed  jioirit  iit 
the  part  which  they  ordinarily  move,  anil  elc- 
vatinir  the  ribs. 

INSPIS'SANT,  Tnnpin'iianii.  Same  etymon  as 
the  next.  Any  remedial  agent,  that  renders  the 
blood  thicker,  directly,  or  indirectly.  The  op[)0- 
sitc  to  diluent. 

INSPISSA'TIO,  Pi/cnn'sis,  from  in,  and  »/)i»- 
tiire,  npissatntn,  '  to  thicken.'  The  act  of  render- 
ing thick  ;  as  in  the  formation  of  an  extract  — 
Siiernx  lnKp!siii't\iK. 

INSTEP,  CoUiim  pedix,  Neck-'>f.the-f,wt,  (F.) 
Covilc-pied,  Ci>n-de-)>ied.  The  projection  at  tlic 
upper  part  of  the  foot,  near  its  articulation  with 
the  leer — the  fnrntis. 

INSTTLLATIO.  Instillation. 

INSTILLA'TION,  Enxt.dax'ix,  InstilWHn, 
from  i)i,  '  into,'  and  HtHIrt,  '  a  drop.'  The  act  of 
pourins  a  liquid  drop  by  drop. 

INSTINCT,  (L.)  In'xtinc'tns,  (in,  and  W/iir/vo, 
xtinctnm,  'to  sting,')  'inwardly  moved.'  lini'lin, 
Horme.  The  action  of  the  living  principle,  when- 
ever manifestly  directing  its  operations  to  the 
health,  preservation,  or  reproduction  of  a  livin'^ 
frame  or  any  part  of  such  frame  —  Moli'min 
unln'rw  H'thita'rium.  The  law  of  instinct  i', 
consequently,  the  law  of  the  living  principh', 
and  instinctive  actions  are  the  actions  of  the 
living  principle.  Instinct  is  natural.  Reason  is 
acquired. 

INSTINCTIVE.  Tnntine'inx.  Same  etymon. 
Relating  to  or  caused  by  instinct;  as  inxlitielire 
actions.  See  Emotional.  Those  instinctive  ac- 
tions of  animals  which  are  owing  to  imprpffiofi' 
made  on  the  sensory  ganglia,  exciting  respondent 
motor  influences  that  are  propagated  to  the  va- 
rious muscles  of  the  body,  are  termed  coimeii'sual. 


INSTITUTES   OF   MEDICINE     .'03 


INTERCOSTAL 


Consensual  movements  which  accompany  volun- 
tary efforts  williout  our  consciousness  are  terun.-d 
annor.iiited,  (F.)  Aiu'icISh. 

INSTITUTES  OF  MEDICINE,  see  Theory 
of  ini-(li<;inc. 

INSTITUTUM  ORTIIOP^DrCUM,  Ortho- 
j)cilic  iiistituti<in. 

IN'STRUMENT, //i«<»-i(/»f;('(((/rt,  Or'fjnnum.  A 
tool,  an  a;:cnt,. 

INSTKUMI'INTA.  Purlibilia. 

IN.STUUMEN'TUM  ClIIRUR'GICUM.  A 
surgical  tool  or  instriiineiit. 

Instuumuntiim  DiGHSTioNis.  The  digestive 
apparatus. 

Instiu'mkntiim  Instrumkntouiim,  Manus. 

INSUFFICIENCY,  (F.)  InxujfixKiirp ,-  from 
ill,  and  niifficieut.  Inadequateness  to  any  end  or 
purpose, — » as  IimiiJJicieiici/  nf  the  vnlrcH  uf  tlw 
heart,  (F.)  [iiHuffinniice  dfs  viilviihs  da  dti-nr; — a 
condition  in  which  they  are  not  adapted,  as  in 
hcaltli,  to  properly  close  the  apertures. 

J^'SI'FF/SA iVOK,  Insufficiency. 

IMSUFFISANCE  DE:S  VALVULES  1)U 
C(EI'R.  Itisufficicncy  of  the  valves  of  the  heart. 

INSUFFLA'TION,  Jiisiijfia'tio,  from  in,  mib, 
and  //(ire,  'to  blow.'  The  a.ct  of  ))lowing  a  gas 
or  vapour  into  some  cavity  of  the  body;  as  when 
tobacco  smoke  is  injected  into  the  rectum;  or 
when  air  is  blown  into  the  mouths  of  new-born 
children  to  excite  the  respiratory  functions. 

INSULA,  Insula  cerebri. 

In'siila  Ckk'kbri,  In/and  or  In'fula  of  Jlo.il. 
The  intermediate  lobe  of  the  brain,  LnhiiK  intvr- 
me'diiin  cer'eiri.  A  remarkable  group  of  convolu- 
tions within  the  fissure  of  Sylvius.  It  is  called, 
by  Cruveilhicr,  Lohide  of  the  FinKiire  of  S^lvinii, 
Ldbidc  of  the  corpus  striatum.  The  'island'  of 
lleil,  with  the  substantia  perforata,  forms  the 
base  of  the  corpus  striatum. 

Insula  Sanguinis,  see  Blood. 

INS ULjE,  Maculae,  albiB — i.  Pulmonales,  see 
Piilino. 

INSULTUS.  Attack,  Paroxysm. 

INSURANCE  OP  LIFE,  see  Life  Insurance. 

INTEGRITAS.  Sanitas,  Virginity. 

INTEG'UMENT,  Jntef/uweii'liim,  Tegiimen'- 
(mn,  Tei/'uuieii,  Terj'itiieu,  Tcgmen,  Involu'crum 
eeu  Velameu'titm  corp'oris  cominu'ne ;  Vela' men 
seu  Velamentum  nnti'vnm,  from  in,  and  ter/ere, 
tectum,  'to  cover.'  (F.)  Tegnmcnt.  Any  thing 
which  serves  to  cover,  to  envelop.  The  skin,  in- 
cluding the  cuticle,  rete  mucosum,  and  cutis  vera, 
is  the  common  \ute(jument  or  tp(jumeut  of  the  bodj'. 

INTEGUMEN'TA  FCETUS.  Membranes  of 
the  fa'tus. 

INTKCUMENTUM,  Integument  — L  Cora- 
mune,  Integument. 

IN'TELLECT,  lutellec'tm,  Nous,  Mens,  Gnome, 
N'los,  Nus,  Noe'si's,  Si/n'esis,  from  intclli(/ere,  in- 
tetlectum,  (inter,  'between,'  and  Ivgere,  'to 
choose:')  'to  understand,'  'conceive,'  'know.' 
(F.)  Eiiteudement,  Intelligence.  The  aggregate 
of  the  intellectual  fiicidties  —  perception,  forma- 
tion of  ideas,  memory,  and  judgment. 

Intkt.i.kct,  DKRAXGKn.  Insanity. 

L\  TKL  L IGEXCK.  In  tell  eet. 

INTEM'PER.ANCE,  Intemperon'tin  ;  Immode- 
rnii'tia,  Immodern'tio,  Acra'sia,  Acoln'sia,  Ples'- 
vione,  Amet'ria,  Aples'tia,  from  in,  '  negation,' 
and  temperare,  '  to  temper.'  Immoderate  use  of 
food  and  drink,  especially  the  latter; — a  fruitful 
source  of  disease. 

INTK.MPER'IES.  Same  etymon.  Di/acra'sin. 
Derangement  in  the  constitution  of  the  atmo- 
sphere and  of  the  seasons  ;  bad  constitution  ;  de- 
rangement or  disorder  in  the  humours  of  the 
body. 

IXTENSIVUS,  Entaticus. 

INTEN'TION,  Inten'tio,  from  in,  and  tendere, 


tensnm  sen  teniiim,  '  to  stretch.'  Propos'itum. 
The  object  which  one  projtoses.  In  surgery,  i\ 
wound  is  said  to  heal  by  the  first  intention,  Jieu'- 
nio  per  primnm  intentio'nem,  when  cicatrization 
occurs  without  suppuration  ;  union  by  tlie  second 
intention,  Reu'nio  per  secun'dam  intenlio' tiem, 
being  that  which  does  not  occur  until  tlie  surfaces 
have  suppurated.  To  obtain  union  by  the  first 
intention,  the  edges  of  a  recent  wound  must  bo 
brought  in  apposition  and  kept  together  by  means 
of  adhesive  plasters  and  a  ])roper  bandage.  Del- 
pech  has  substituted  for  those  expressions,  lie- 
nnlon  jjrimitive,  and  Reunion  secondaire. 

INTERANEA,  Entrails. 

INTERARTIC'ULAR,  Interarticnin' ris ;  from 
inter,  'between,'  and  artlcnlus,  'a  joint.'  Paris 
situate  betv/ecn  the  articulations  are  so  called; 
as  interarticular  cartilages,  interarticular  liga- 
ments, (fee. 

INTERCA'DENCE,  Tntercnden'tia,  Lttercl- 
den'tia,  from  inter,  'between,'  and  codere,  'to 
fall.'  Disorder  of  the  arterial  pulsations,  so  that, 
every  now  and  then,  a  supernumerary  pulsation 
occurs.  The  pulse,  in  such  case,  is  said  to  be 
intercurrent. 

INTER'CALARY,  Intercnla'ris,  Inter'cidens, 
from  intercalnre,  '  to  insert.'  Emhol'imos.  Inter- 
pola'tus,  Provocato'riiis.  The  days  which  occur 
between  those  that  are  critical.  The  term  has, 
also,  lieen  applied  to  the  days  of  apyrexia  in  in- 
termittent fevers. 

INTERCELL'ULAR,  hiterceUuWris,  (F.)  Tu- 
tercellulaire ;  from  iiiicc,  '  between,' and  cellulit, 
'  a  small  cell,  a  cellule.'  That  which  is  between 
cells  or  cellules. 

iNTKiiCELT.uLAR  Fluid,  Liquor  Sanguinis. 

Intkrcel'i-ulati  Passages.  A  term  given  by 
Mr.  Rainey  to  irregular  passages  tlirougb  the 
substance  of  the  lung,  which  form  the  termina- 
tions of  the  bronchial  tubes,  are  clustered  with 
air-cells,  and  not  lined  by  mucous  membrane. 

lNTRRrEi,Li't,Aii  SiiBSTANCK,  scc  Cy toblastcma. 

INTERCEP'TIO,  from  inter,  'between,'  and 
capere,  '  to  take.'  A  bandage,  by  tlie  aid  of 
which  the  ancients  proposed  to  arrest  the  pro- 
gress of  the  material  cause  of  gout  and  rheu- 
matism; and  which  consisted  in  covering  tlie 
affected  limbs  with  carded  wool:  surrounding 
them,  afterwards,  with  broad  bandages,  applied 
from  the  fingers  to  the  axilla,  or  from  the  toes 
to  the  groin. 

InTKRCBI>TIO   lNTRSTINORt^>r,   IlcUS. 

INrERCERVrCAlJX.  Interspiuales  colli. 

INTERCIDENS,  Intercalary. 

INTERCIDENTIA,  Intercadence. 

INTERCILIUM.  Mesophryon. 

IN  T  E  R  C  L  AV  I  C'ULAR,  Interdnriculn'ris, 
from  inter,  'between,'  and  c/avicula,  'a  clavicle.' 
That  which  is  placed  between  the  clavicles. 

Interclavicular  Lio'ament  is  a  fibrims  bun- 
dle, placed  transversely  above  the  extremity  of 
the  sternum,  between  the  heads  of  the  two  clavi- 
cles. This  ligament  is  flat.  Its  fibres,  which 
are  always  longer  above  than  below,  are  sepa- 
rated by  small  apertures,  which  are  traversed  by 
vessels.  It  prevents  the  separation  of  the  tw> 
clavicles  in  the  forced  depression  of  the  shoulder. 

INTERCOS'TAL,  Intercosta'lis,  from  inter, 
'between,'  and  costa,  'a  rib.'  Mesopleu'rus,  jVe- 
sopleu'rius.  That  which  is  situate  between  the 
ribs.      (F.)  Sous-costal. 

Intercostal  Au'tkries  vary  in  number.  There 
is  constantl}',  however,  a  supe'rior,  Arte'rin,  In- 
tercosta'lis snpe'rior  seu  Intercosta'lis  subcia' via, 
which  is  given  off  from  the  posterior  part  of  the 
subclavian,  and  which  sends  branches  into  the 
first  two  or  three  intercostal  spaces;  and,  gene- 
rally, eight  or  nine  inferior  or  aortic  iutercostals. 
These  arise  from  the  lateral  and  posterior  parts 


INTERCOSTO-IIUMERAL  NERVES      504 


INTERMITTENT 


of  the  peotoriil  aorta,  and  ascend  oliliqiiel}'  in 
front  of  tlic  vortohral  column,  to  gain  tlie  inter- 
costal spaces,  wliere  tliey  divide  into  a  duinal 
branch  and  an  iiilercontnl,  properly  so  called. 

Intbrcostal  Musclks  are  distinguislied  into 
internal,. —  liiter-jilevrucontuu.r  of  Duiuas,  —  and 
e.iteniiil.  The  /(timer  are  inserted  into  tile  inner 
lip,  the  loiter  into  tlie  outer  lip  of  the  edge  of  the 
li'is.  Tlie  fibres  of  the  e-cternul  intercontids  are 
directed  obliquely  downwards  and  forwards;  and 
those  of  the  internal  downwards  and  backwards, 
lioth  are  inspiratory  or  expiratory  muscles,  ac- 
cording as  they  take  their  origin  on  the  upper  or 
lower  rib.  Some  small,  fleshy  fibres,  seen  occa- 
.^■lonally  at  the  inner. surface  of  the  thorax,  de- 
scending oliliqnely  from  one  rib  to  another,  have 
Leen  called  Infriivi>iit<tle8. 

Inteucostal  Nervk,  Trisplanchnic  nerve. 

ISTEUCOSTAL  Kekves,  Branches  eoiiscontalen 
(Ch.),  CoHtal  or  Dorsal  nerves,  proceed  from  the 
anterior  branches  of  the  dorsal  nerves.  They 
are  twelve  in  number,  and  are  distributed  espe- 
cially to  the  muscles  of  the  parietes  of  the  chest 
and  abdomen. 

Inteucostal  Space,  Interval'lmn  seu  Inter- 
gtit"iiiin  intercosta'le,  3/tsnplcii'riiiii,  3/esojjleu'- 
riiiin,  is  the  interval  which  separates  one  rib  from 
that  immediately  above  or  below  it. 

Intercostal  Veins  are  distinguished  like  the 
arteries.  The  ri'ijht  superior  ■inleicostal  vein  is 
often  wanting.  When  it  exists,  it  opens  into  the 
back  part  of  the'subclavian.  The  same  vein  of 
the  left  side  is  very  large.  It  communicates  with 
the  demi-azygos,  receives  the  left  bronchial  vein, 
and  opens  into  tiie  corresponding  subclavian.  The 
riyht  inferior  intercostal  veins  open  into  the  vena 
azygos;  and  those  of  the  left  into  the  demiazygos. 

INTKRCOS'TO-IIU'MERAL  NERVES.  So 
called  from  their  origin  and  distribution.  They 
are  the  cutaneous  branches  of  the  second  and 
tliird  intercostal  nerves. 

INTERCUK'RENT,  Intercur'rens,  from  inter, 
'  between,'  and  cnrrere,  '  to  run^.'  Diseases  iirc 
.i^o  called  which  supervene  at  different  seasons  of 
the  year,  or  wRich  cannot  be  considered  as  be- 
longing to  any  particular  season.  —  Sydenham. 
A  disease  is  likewise  so  termed  which  occurs  in 
the  course  of  another  disease,  as  Intercurrent 
J'nennioiria. 

INTERCUTANEOIIS,  Subcutaneous. 

INTERDEN'TIUM,  from  inter,  'between,'  and 
dens,  dentin,  'a  tooth.'  The  interval  between 
teeth  of  the  same  order. — Linden. 

INTER DfOIT AIRE.  Interdigital. 

1NTERDIG"ITAL,  Inierdl,jiia'lis,  (F.)  Inter- 
dlfjitaire  ;  from  i/i(e;',  '  between,' and  diijitns,  ^  a, 
finger.'  That  which  relates  to  the  spaces  be- 
tween the  fingers.  Interdiyital  space,  (F.)  Es- 
jjace  interdii/iiaire,  is  used,  also,  for  the  commis- 
t-ure  between  tlie  finsers. 

INTERDIGrr"lUM.  Same  etymon  as  the  last. 
A  corn  or  wart,  which  grows  between  the  fingers 
and  toes,  especially  between  the  latter. — Pliny. 

[NT  ERE  FINE  UX  CERVICAUX,  Interspi- 
rales  colli. 

INTERFEMINEUM.  Perinseum,  Vulva. 

INTERFINIUM  NARIUM,  Septum  narium. 

INTERFCEMIN'EUM,  (inter,  '  between,' and 
fenien,  feminis,  the  inner  part  of  the  thigh,) 
Perina3iim,  Vulva. 

INTERFORAMINEUM.  Perineum. 

I  N  T  E  R  G  A  N  GLION'IC,  Inten/anglion'ieus, 
from  inter,  '  between,'  and  (/anijiion,  'a  knot.'  An 
e  lithet  for  nervous  cords,  placed  between  gan- 
glia, which  they  connect  together. 

INTERITUS.  Death. 

\'^TE\\hO'}ikVi,Interloha'r!s,(F.)Interlohaire, 
from  inter,  'between,'  and  lohns,  'a  lobe.'  That 
which  is  between  lobes, — as  of  the  lungs. 


INTERLOB'ULAR.  Intrrluhnla'ris.  from  inter, 
'  l)ctween,'  and  lobnlns,  'a  small  lobe'  That 
whicli  is  between  lobules, — as  of  the  lung.f. 

I.nterlobi!lar  Fissures.  The  intervals  be- 
tween the  lobules  of  the  liver.  The  narrower 
spaces  are  called  Fissn'ra  interlol>nla'rts,i\\c  wider 
sjjit'tia  inter' liihida' res.-^KijWx'kvr.     See  Liver. 

Interlobular  Plexus  of  the  Biliarv  Ducts. 
See  Liver. 

Interlobular  Spaces.  The  angular  inter- 
stices formed  in  the  liver  by  the  apposition  of 
several  lobules. 

Interlob'ular  Tisstie,  Textnm  interlohdn're, 
Liijanien'ta  interlobnla'ria  putniu'nnm.  The  cel- 
lular tissue  between  the  pulmonary  lobules. 

Ixtkrlobiil.\r  Veins,  see  Liver. 

INTEKMAX'ILLARY,  Litermaxilln'ris,  from 
inter,  'between,'  and  maxilla,  'a  jaw.'  That 
which  is  situate  between  the  maxillary  bones. 

Intermaxillary  Bone,  Inci'slve,  Pal'ati»e,or 
Labial  bone,  is  a  bonj'  portion,  wedged  in  between 
the  two  superior  maxillary  bones,  wliich  sup]Mirt3 
the  upper  incisors.  This  bone  is  found  in  the 
mammalia;   and,  also,  in  the  human  foetus. 

IXTERMEDE,  Excipient. 

INTERMEDIA  LIGAMENTALIA  sen  NER- 
VEA,  Inscri|itiones  tendineaa  musculorum. 

INTERMEDIAIRE  DE  WRISBERG,  Por- 
tio  Wrisliergii. 

INTERMEDIATE  VASCULAR  SYSTEM, 
Capillary  system. 

INTERMENT,  PREMATURE,  Zoothapsis. 

INTERMIS'SION,  Intermis'sio,  Dialeip'sis, 
Dialip'sis,  Tenipns  intercala're,  Interval' him,  from 
inter,  'between,'  and  niittere,  missinn,  'to  put  or 
send.'  (F.)  Interinittence.  The  interval  which 
occurs  between  two  paroxysms  of  an  intermittent 
or  other  disease — during  which  the  patient  is  al- 
most in  his  natural  state.  There  is  said  to  be 
intermission  of  the  pulse,  when,  in  a  given  num- 
ber of  puls:itions,  one  or  more  may  be  wanting. 

INTERMITTENCE,  Intermission. 

INTERMIT'TENT,  Intermit'tens.  Same  ety- 
mon. ■-  That  wliich  has  intermissions. 

Intermittent  Fever,  Febris  inlennit'teus,  Di- 
alelp'yrn.  Intermittens,  Aii'etiis,  Pyretoti/jn/sis, 
Aijiie,  Aijiie  and  Fever,  Fever  and  Ai/iie,  I'uhi'dal 
or  Pcriod'ic  Ferer,  (Prov.)  Ayah,  Cold-chill, 
SIhakiiif/,  Shakes,  (Old  Ung)  Aksis,  Anijf/ere,Axe», 
(F.)  Flerre  interniittente,  F.  d'Aeees,  F.  des  ma- 
rais,  F.  Periodii/iie,  is  a  fever  consisting  of  pa- 
roxysms, with  a  complete  state  of  ajiyrexia  in  the 
intervals.  The  chief  types  are  the  Qnotidiaii, 
Tertian,  and  Quartan.  The  symptoms  of  inter- 
mittents  are  those  of  a  decided  anil  completely 
marked  cold  staije  :  (F.)  Stade  defroid,  attended 
with  paleness;  collapse;  impaired  sensibility ;  and 
coldness,  more  or  less  diffused,  followed  by  gene- 
ral rigors.  After  this  occurs  t\\e  hot  staye  ;  Slade 
de  la  Chaleur,  the  heat  returning  partially  and 
irregularly,  and  at  length  beooniing  universal, 
and  much  above  the  standard  of  health.  The  . 
pulse  is  now  hard  and  strong;  tongue  while; 
urine  high-coloured;  thirst  consideralile.  At 
length,  the  swealiny  slaye,  (F.)  Stade  de  Snenr, 
makes  its  appearance:  the  moisture  usually  be- 
ginning on  the  forehead,  face,  and  neck,  and  soon 
extending  universally  ;  the  heat  abating;  thirst 
ceasing;  the  urine  throwing  down  a  sediment, 
and  the  functions  being  gradually  restored  to 
their  wonted  state.  The  tertian  type  is  the  most 
common,  and  the  quartan  the  most  severe.  The 
quotidian  more  readily  changes  into  a  remittent 
and  continued  fever.  The  quartan  has,  genernllyi 
the  longest  cold  stage,  the  tertian  the  longest  hot. 
The  chief  e.reilinr/  cause  is  marsh  miasmata. 
Ague,  also,  occurs  in  districts  where  there  are  no 
marshy  emanations.      Such  districts  are,  gene- 


INTERMUSCULAR 


50  5 


INTERSCAPULAR 


rnlly,  of  a  volciinio  nature;  further  we  I;now  not.  | 
When  the  (lisea^o  has  onee  attacked  an  iniliviilual, 
il  is  apt  to  recur.  The  pioi/iioHin  is,  in  general, 
favourahle,  as  far  as  regarils  life  ;  but  long  pro- 
tracted intermictents  are  apt  to  induce  visceral 
ohslruetions,  and  engorgements,  which  may  end 
i:i  driipsy.  In  some  countries,  the  disease  is  of 
a  very  pernicious  character.  The  indications  of 
trealinerit  are,  1.  To  abate  the  violence  of  the 
))aroxysin;  and,  2.  To  prevent  its  return.  The 
lirst  indication  demands  the  adoption  of  the  gene- 
r.il  principles  and  remedies  rec|uired  in  ordinary 
fever.  The  nrcoud  is  the  most  important.  The 
jieriod  of  apyrexia  is  that  for  action.  The  means 
for  fulfilling  this  indication  are:  —  the  use  of 
emetics,  purgatives,  cinchona,  quinia,  &c.,  arsenic, 
and  forcible  impressions  made  on  the  mind  of  the 
patient. 

INTKRMUS'CULAR,  Intermuscnla'rix.  from 
inter,  'between,'  and  miiHculim,  '  a  muscle.'  That 
which  is  phiecd  between  muscles. 

iNTKitMii.'sciii.AR  Ai'ONKUito'sKS  are  aponeu- 
rotic laniiuiE  or  sejjta,  situate  between  muscles, 
to  which  they  often  give  attachment. 

LXTER'NAL,  fmiei;  Ititer'iins.  That  which  is 
jilaced  on  the  inside.  This  epithet  is  given  to 
)iiirts  tliat  look  towards  an  imaginary  central 
](lane,  which  divides  the  body  into  two  equal  and 
syaiuietrical  portions,  as  well  as  to  those  which 
correspond  with  a  cavity.  Thus,  we  say — the  iii- 
Iffiicd  or  inner  surfitce  of  the  arm  or  thigh,  skull, 
Ac. 

Intkrnal  Diseases.  Mnrhi  Inter'ni,  are  those 
which  occupy  the  inner  parts  of  the  body.  Their 
investigation  belongs  to  the  phj'sician  ;  external 
diseases  falling  under  the  management  of  the 
surgeon. 

y.V  TKI'XA  T.    The  post  or  offico  of  an  interne. 
IXTI'JR\ ty,  see  Iloiise-Surgeon. 
INTERNODIA  DIGITOKUM  MANUS,  Pha- 
langes of  the  fingers  —  i.  Digitorum  pedis.  Pha- 
langes of  the  toes. 

IN'TERNO'DIUM,  from  inter,  'between,' and 
iimlnn.  'a  knot.'  The  part  of  the  fingers  between 
the  joints.     A  phalanx. 

INTERNUN'CIAL,  rnternnne!„'lhjTmn  inter, 
'between,'  a.nd  nnncins,  'a  messenger.''  Relating 
or  belonging  to  a  messenger  between  parties.  A 
term  applied  by  Mr.  Hunter  to  the  functions  of 
the  nervous  svsteui. 

INTKRXliN'Tir  DIES,  Critical  days. 
IXTKRNUS  AURIS,  Tensor  tynipiini— i.  Mal- 
lei, Tensor  tvmp""'- 

INT1',RR6s'S?:0US,  rntero>,'^e„R.  Thatwhich 
is  situate  between  the  bones;  from  inter,  'be- 
tween,' and  OH,  '  a  bone.' 

I.NTKIIOSSEOIIS     Ak'tHUIES     OF     TUB     FoUEARM 

AND  Hand.  Of  these  there  are  several.  The 
common  liiteroHseons  arteri/  arises  from  the  poste- 
rior part  of  the  ulnar,  a  little  below  the  bicipital 
tuberosity  of  the  radius;  passes  backwards  and 
divides  into  two  branches:  the  one  called  coi^c- 
rior  interoKKeoHn  descends  vertically,  anterior  to 
the  interosseous  ligament;  the  other,  called  pos- 
teriiir  interoKHeonH,  passes  above  the  ligament, 
Appears  at  its  posterior  part  and  divides  into  two 
great  branches, —  the  poalerinr  recurrent  radial 
niid  the  ponterior  interoiHeonx,  properly  so  called. 
In  the  liand. —  I.  The  dorsal  metacarpal  intenm- 
teoiiK  arterien  are  given  otf  by  the  dorsalin  carpi, 
n  division  of  the  radial  artery.  2.  The  palmar 
internnHeoHK  arteriet,  which  arise  from  the  con- 
vexity of  the  deep  palmar  arch,  and  give  off  the 
middle  interosseoim  orterien,  .3.  TUo  domalinter- 
OKHciiHK  of  the  index,  ])roeeeding  directly  from  the 
radial  artery.  In  the  foot,  are  distinguished:  — 
1.  The  dorsal  interosseons  arteries,  three  in  num- 
ber, which  arise  from  the  artery  of  the  mctatar- 
£U8,  a  braucb  uf  tho  dorsfalis  tursi.    2.  The/i/anfar 


interosseous    arteries,   which    are,    also,   three    in 
number,  and  arise  from  the  plantar  arch. 

I.NTEUossEous  Lig'aments.  Ligaments  seated 
between  certain  bones,  which  they  unite;  such 
are  the  ligaments  between  the  radius  and  ulna, 
and  between  the  tibi'a  and  fibula. 

iNTKitossEous  Mt'scLES.  These  occupy  the 
spaces  between  the  bones  of  the  nietacaipus  and 
metatarsus;  and,  consecjnentl}',  belong, — some  to 
the  hand,  others  to  the  foot. 

iNTEitossEOiis  Nerve  is  a  branch,  given  off  by 
the  median  nerve,  which  descends  before  the  in- 
terosseous ligament,  accompanying  the  artery  of 
the  same  name. 

Intekosseol's  Veins  have  the  same  arrange- 
ment as  the  arteries. 

Interosseus  ManGs,  (F.)  Muscle  interosseiix 
de  In  main.  —  Metaearpo-phalan</ien-lateral  sns- 
palmulre  et  inetaearpo-phalanjien  lateral,  (Ch.) 
These  muscles  are  seven  in  number;  two  for  each 
of  the  three  middle  fingers,  and  one  for  the  little 
finger.  Four  are  situate  on  the  back  of  the  hand, 
and  three  only  in  the  palm.  They  are  inserted 
into  the  metacarpal  bones,  and  send  a  tendon  to 
the  tendon  of  the  extensor  communis.  Accord- 
ing to  their  office,  they  are,  to  each  finger,  an  ad- 
dnrlor  and  an  ahdnrtor.  The  index  has  a  dorsal 
abductor  and  a  palmar  one.  The  middle  finger 
has  two  dorsal  muscles  f(jr  adductor  and  abduc- 
tor;  the  ring  fint/er  has  a  dorsal  adductor  and  a 
palmar  abductor;  and  the  little  finger  has  only 
one  interosseous  abductor,  which  is  palmar. 
These  muscles  produce  abduction  and  adduction 
of  the  fingers,  which  they  can  also  extend,  owing 
to  their  connexion  with  the  extensor  tendons. 

Intkhos'seus  Pedis,  3letutarsu-phalangien- 
lateral,  (Ch.)  The  number,  arrangement,  shape, 
and  uses  of  these  are  the  same  as  in  the  ease  of 
the  preceding  muscles.  Four  are  dorsal,  and 
three  plantar :  six  belong  to  the  three  middle  toes 
and  one  to  the  little  toe.  The  great  toe  is  devoid 
of  them.  As  in  the  hand,  they  are  distinguished, 
in  each  toe,  into  abductor  and  adductor. 

iNTEiiO.ssKiis  Srcundijs,  Prior  medii  digiti — i. 
Quartus,  Prior  annularis. 

IXTEROSSEUX  DE  LA  MAIN,  Tnterosseus 
manfls. 

INTERPARI'ETAL  BONE,  0>  Interparie- 
ta'le.  A  bone  found  in  the  skulls  of  the  children 
of  the  Peruvian  races.  It  lies  in  the  situation 
of  the  upper  angle  of  the  occipital  bone,  where 
the  |)arietal  bones  separate  from  each  other;  and 
is  the  analogue  of  the  interparietal  bone  of  ru- 
minants and  carnivora.- — Tschudi. 

INTERPEDUN'CULAR,  Interpedimcula'ris; 
from  inter,  '  between,'  and  pednncnli.  '  peduncles.' 
A  term,  applied  to  that  which  is  jdaced  between 
the  peduncles  of  the  encephalon, — as  Intcrpednti- 
cidar  space;  il  lozenge-shajied  interval,  l>ehind 
the  diverging  peduncles  or  crura  of  ttie  cerebrum, 
in  which  are  found  the  posterior  perforated  space, 
corpora  albicantia.  tuber  eiiiereum,  or  infundi- 
bulum.  an<l  jiitnitary  body. 

INTERPELLA'TUS.  (Jforhns.)  from  ivterpel. 
lo,  (inter,  and  petlo,)  "I  interrujit.'  A  term,  by 
which  Paracelsus  designated  those  (Jiseases  whose 
progress  is  une(iual,  and  paroxysms  irregular. 

INTEUPLE VB 0-COSTA  UX,  Intercostal 
mus(des. 

INTfiRPOLATUS.  Intercalary. 
INTERRUPTIO  MENSTRUATIONIS,  Ame- 
norrhnoa. 

INTERSCAP'ULAR,  hitersenpnla'ris,  (inter, 
and  scapnla.)  That  which  is  between  the  shoul- 
ders; as  the  inlerscapulnr  region.  The  interacp- 
ii/ar  carlties,  Carita'tes  interscapnla' res,  arc  tiio 
depressions  between  the  scapulaj  and  the  spinous 
processes  of  the  vertebrae. 


INTERSCAPULIUM 


500 


INTESTINE 


INTERSCAPU'LIUM.  The  spine  of  the 
scapula. 

I>fTEllSECTrO,  Deoussation,  Intersection. 

IX  I'E  RESECTION,  liitersec'tln,  Dlnc'„pe,  irnm 
inter,  'Ijetween,' and  seen,  sect ii in,  'to  cut.'  The 
point  where  two  lines  meet  and  cut  each  other. 
The  name  nponenmt' !c  intersectittn  is  given  to 
filirous  bauds,  whic-h  certain  muscles  present  in 
their  length,  and  by  which  they  seem  inter- 
rupted. Aponeurotic  intersections  are  found  in 
the  recti  muscles  of  the  ab<lomen  ;  in  the  semi- 
membranosus, coinplexus,  sterno-thyroideus,  &,c. 

INTERSKCTIONES  TENDIXE^E  MUSCU- 
LOllUM,  Iiiscriptiones  tendinea?  museuloruin. 

I.VTERSEPIMENTUM  THORACIS,  Medi- 
astinmn. 

INTERSEPTA  HORIZONTALIA  PACCHI- 
ONI,  Tentorium. 

INTERSEP'TUM,  from  inter,  'between,'  and 
septum,  'a  partitinn.'  Cion,  Ktu)v.  The  uvula; 
al.-o,  the  septum  narium.     The  diaphragm. 

IxTEUSKi'TUM  N.viiiuM,  Septum  narium — i.  Vlr- 
ginale,  Ilvmen. 

INTEliSlTNAL.  Tnter^phin'Us,  from  inter, 
'between,'  and  Hpimi,  '  the  spine.'  That  which  is 
seated  between  the  spinous  processes. 

IsTKitsi'i'NAl,  Lig'amknt,  }femhr(i'n<t  internp!- 
iin'lis,  (F.)  Lifpniieut  interepinenx.  These  occupy 
the  inti^rvals  between  the  spinous  processes  in  the 
back  and  loins.  In  the  neck,  they  are  replaced 
by  the  muscles  of  the  same  name.  They  prevent 
the  too  great  flexion  of  the  spine,  ami  keep  the 
spinous  processes  in  situ.  The  outermost  thick- 
ened portions  of  these  are,  sometimes,  termed 
Litj'tmen'tn  a'picnm. 

INTERSPIiNTA'LES  COLLI,  Spina'les  Colli 
mino'res,  Spinn'tl,  (F.)  Interepinenx-cerricnnx, 
Intercerricun.r,  (Ch.)  These  are  twelve  in  num- 
ber, and  occujiy,  in  two  parallel  rows,  the  inter- 
vals between  the  spinous  processes  of  the  cervical 
vertebras,  from  that  of  the  atlas  and  vertebra 
dentata,  to  that  between  the  last  cervical  and  first 
dorsal  vertebr.a.  They  are  flat,  thin,  and  quad- 
rilateral. These  muscles  contribute  to  the  exten- 
sion of  the  neck  and  to  throwing  the  head  back- 
wards. 

Interspixalrs  Dorsi  et  Litmbo'riim;  por- 
tions of  the  Triinsrersiiire-epinen.r  of  Boyer,  and 
the  sacrospinal,  of  Chaussier.  Tliese  muscles  are 
of  two  kinds.  The  one  (Muscle  tp-iind  eplneiix 
da  dos,  of  Witislow)  representing  fleshy  bundles 
of  different  lengths,  applied  upon  the  lateral  sur- 
faces of  the  spinous  processes,  from  the  third 
dorsal  vertebra  to  the  second  lumbar.  The  other 
(Itfiiscle  petit  epinen.c  da  dos,  Winslow)  covered 
by  the  preceding.  They  are  situate  on  each  side 
of  the  interspinal  ligament,  in  the  form  of  small, 
short  flat  bundles,  which  pass  from  one  spinous 
jjrocess  to  the  second,  third  or  fourth  above  it. 
These  muscles  aid  in  extending  the  vertebral  co- 
lumn ;  and  incline  it  a  little  to  one  side,  when 
they  act  on  one  side  only. 

INTER'STICE.  Tnterst!t"inm.  Arceo'mn,  from 
inter,  'between,'  and  sto,  'I  stand.'  Dlnste'rna, 
Jnlervnl'luni.  Anatomists  have  given  this  name 
to  the  intervals  between  organs.  The  iliac  crest, 
crista  ilii,  for  example,  has  two  lips  and  an  in- 
terstice between  them,  which  affords  attachment 
to  the  lesser  oblique  muscle  of  the  abdomen. 

Intkrstioi;,  Pore. 

INTBR.STIT"IAL,  Interstltia'lis,  same  ety- 
mon. Applie<l  to  that  which  occurs  in  the  inter- 
stices of  an  organ, — as  'interstitial  absorption/ 
'interstitial  pregnane}','  &c. 

INTERSTITIU.M,  Interstice  —  i.  Ciliare,  Cili- 
ary ligament — i.  Intercostale,  Intercostal  space — 
i,  Jugulare,  Throat. 

INTERTIXCTUS,  Discreet. 


IXTEIi  TRA  CITE  LIENS,  Intertransversalci 
colli. 

I XTER TRANSVERSA  IRES     DES 

LOM  HES.  In  t  er  trans  versa  les  lumborum. 

INTERTRANSVERSA'LIS,  Intertransrrrs,,'. 
rius.  That  which  is  placed  between  the  trans- 
verse  processes  of  the  vertebrne. 

Intkhtkansversai.ks  Colli.  (F.)    fnierimns. 

versaires  cervicnnx,  Interlrticlietienx,  (Ch.)  'i'licso 
are  small,  muscular  bundles  ;  quadrilateral:  thin 
and  flat;  situate,  in  pairs,  in  the  interval.s  be- 
tvveen  the  transverse  processes  of  the  neck,  ex- 
cept between  the  first  and  seeon<l,  where  there  is 
only  one.  They  are  distinguished  into  anlirinr 
and  posterior.  Tlie  former  are  six  in  nuinlicr; 
the  latter  five.  These  muscles  bring  the  trans- 
verse processes  of  the  neck  nearer  each  other, 
and  contribute  to  the  lateral  flexion  of  the  neck. 

IXTKltTEtANSVKRSAr.ES  Ll'mio'RliM,  Mn.lcnl!  ill- 
tertransrersi  hniibo'rnm,  (¥.)  Intertransrersaiies 
des  loinbes.  These  are  almost  entirely  flcliy,  and 
ten  in  number;  five  on  each  side.  They  are  si- 
milar to  the  preceding  in  general  arrangement; 
except  that  they  are  more  marked,  and  not  placed 
in  two  rows.  Each  intertransverse  space  contaiiKS 
only  one.  They  are  quadrilateral,  and  flat.  Tlio 
first  occupies  the  space  between  the  transverse 
processes  of  the  first  lumbar  .and  the  last  dorsal 
vertebra;  and  the  last  is  between  that  of  the 
fourth  and  fifth  lumbar  vertel)rifi.  These  nuis- 
cles  incline  the  lumbar  regions  laterally;  and 
straighten  it  when  inclined  to  one  side. 

INTERTKKJO.  Chafing— i.  Podicis,  Chafing. 

INTERVAL,  LUCID,  see  Lucid. 

IXTERVALLUM,  Intermission,  Interstice— i. 
Intercostale,  Intercostal  space. 

IXTKRVENIUM,  Mesophlebium. 

INTERVER'TEHRAL.  Interrertehra'lls,  (in- 
ter, and  rertidirn.)  That  which  is  situate  lietwufn 
the  vertebrae. 

Inter  vehtkbral  CAit'xiLAGKS,  Fihro-mrli- 
Jaijes  ttr  d ixcs,  Li</<unen'ta  intervertehrn'lia,  F'dirn. 
ciirtilur/'' ines  intervertebrn'les.  These  organs  iiro 
of  a  fibro-eartilaginous  nature;  sections  of  a 
cylinder;  flexible;  whitish;  resisting;  and  situ- 
ate between  the  bodies  of  the  vcrtehric,  —  from 
the  space  between  the  second  and  third  as  far  as 
that  between  the  last  vertebra  and  sacrum.  Their 
form  is  accommodated  to  that  of  the  vertebra 
with  which  th^y  are  in  connexion  ;  so  that,  in  the 
neck  and  loins,  they  are  oval,  whilst  in  the  dorsal 
region  they  are  nearly  circular. 

Intervertebral  Discs,  Intervertebral  carti- 
lages  —  i.   Fibro-cartilages,  Intervertebral   earli- 

'iXTESTABILIS,  Castratu.i, 

IXTESTATUS.  Castratus. 

INTEST/X,  Intestine. 

INTES'TINAL,  Intestina'Us,  Enter'icus,  En- 
ler'ic,(F.)  Enterlqne,  from  intns,  'within.'  That 
which  belongs  to  tlie  intestines,  —  as  iniestimd 
canal,  &c.  Bordeu  uses  the  term  Ponls  intestimd. 
for  a  pulse,  which  he  conceived  to  announce  an 
approaching  crisis  by  the  intestines. 

Intestinal  .Juice,  Succus  entericus. 

Intestinal  Tube  or  Tract,  Cann'lis  sou  Tmr. 
tus  intestino'rnm.  The  canal  formed  by  the  in- 
testines from  the  pyloric  orifice  of  the  stouia<'h  to 
the  anus. 

INTES'TINE,  Intesti'nnm,  En'teron.  Chorda, 
Gut,  Nedifia  (pi.),  Pan'tices  (id.),  liocfli  (pi.), 
Rowel,  (F.)  hiteslin,  Doyau.  Same  etymim.  A 
musculo-menibranous  canal,  variously  convoluted, 
which  e.xtends  from  the  stomach  to  the  anus,  and 
is  situate  in  the  abdominal  cavity;  the  greater 
part  of  which  it  fills.  In  man.  its  length  is  six 
or  eight  times  that  of  the  body.  It  is  divided 
into  two  principal  portions,  called  snudl  intfsinie 
and    larije    intestine.      The    former,    Intesti'num 


INTESTINORUM   L.EVITAS       507 


INULA 


ir»'iie,  I.  griic'ilp,  (F.)  Fiitenlhi  greic,  constitutinj; 
neiirly  four-lifths  of  the  whole  length,  hej^itis  at 
the  Ktumiieh  ami  teniiinates  in  the  rif;ht  iliac 
ro;;ii>n.  It  is  divided  \\\io  dn<idenu)ii,  jfjiiHiim  and 
ileum.  Some  aniitomists  give  the  name  initi/l  iii- 
tenline.  to  the  last  two  only  ;  which  are  kept  in 
jilacc  hy  the  mesentery,  and  form  a  large  ^HC/j/ef, 
occiipyinj;  the  unihiliciil  and  hypogastric  rej;ions, 
a  part  of  the  flanks,  of  the  iliac  regions,  and  of 
the  cavity  of  the  pelvis.  It  is  composed  of,  1.  A 
serous  membrane,  which  is  peritoneal.  2.  Of  a 
muscular  coat,  whose  fibres  are  very  pale,  and 
are  placed,  in  part,  longitu<iinally ;  but  the 
greater  j)art  transversely.  8.  Of  a  whitish,  mu- 
cous membrane ;  villous,  and  forming  folds  or 
valves — valviilcB  tyinniveiiten — at  its  inner  surface, 
and  furnished  with  a  number  of  mucous  fol- 
licles, called  (//audi  of  liieborkiihn,  (VnjptH  or 
FdllicleK  (if  fjirherkuliii,)  and  in  the  duodenum 
with  the  ijldndu  of  Brunner.  The  arteries  of 
the  small  intestine  proceed  from  the  superior 
mesenteric;  its  veins  open  into  the  vena  porta. 
Its  nerves  proceed  from  the  superior  mesenteric 
plexus.  The  large  intestine,  /iitcntl'inim  craesiim, 
Mi'i/(d()c(e'liii,  (F.)  Gros  iiitenti'ii,  forms  a  sequence 
to  the  small.  It  is  much  shorter,  and  is  solidly 
attached  in  the  regions  of  the  abdomen  which  it 
occupies.  It  begins  in  the  right  iliac  region  ;  as- 
cends along  the  right  (lank,  till  beneath  the  liver, 
when  it  crosses  the  upper  part  of  the  abdomen, 
descends  into  the  left  iliac  fossa,  and  i)lunges  into 
the  pelvic  cavity,  to  gain  the  anus.  The  great 
intestine  is  usiially  divided  into  three  portions, — 
the  caicHiii,  cidon  and  rectum.  It  receives  its  ar- 
teries from  the  superior  and  inferior  mesenteries. 
Its  veins  open  into  the  vena  porta.  Its  nerves 
are  furnished  by  the  mesenteric  ple-xuses.  Its 
lymphatic  vessels,  which  are  much  less  numerous 
than  those  of  the  small  intestine,  pass  into  the 
ganglions  or  glands  seated  between  the  different 
refli'otioiis  of  the  peritoneum,  which  fi.v  it  to  the 
abdominal  parietes.  The  use  of  the  intestines 
is, — in  the  upper  part,  to  effect  the  ehylification 
of  the  food  and  the  absorption  of  the  chyle; — in 
the  hiwer,  to  serve  as  a  reservoir,  where  the  ex- 
creinentiti(ms  portion  of  the  food  collects  ;  ami, 
also,  as  an  e.vcretory  duct,  which  effects  its  ex- 
pulsion. 

INTESTINORUM  L^VITAS,  Lientcry. 

INTESTINULA  CEREBRI,  Convolutions 
(cerebral) — i.  Meibomii.  Meibomius,  glands  of. 

INTESTINULUM.  Funiculus  umbilicalis. 

INTESTINUM  CELLULATUM,  Colon— i. 
Circunivolutuui,  "Ileon  —  i.  Crassutn,  Colon,  see 
Intestine  —  i.  Gracile,  see  Intestine  —  i.  (trande, 
Colon  —  i.  Laxum,  Colon — i.  Majus,  Colon  —  i. 
Medium,  Mesentery — i.  Plenum,  Colon — i.  Rec- 
tum, Rectum — i.  Teniie.  see  Intestine. 

INTIMU.M  UNOUrS,  Nail,  root  of  the. 

INTONATIO  INTESTINALIS,  Borboryg- 
mus. 

INTORRIO,  Distortion. 

INTOXICATIO,  Poisoning  — i.  Arsenicalis, 
Arscnicismus — i.  Opiaca,  Meconismus — i.  Satur- 
nina.  Saturnismns. 

IXTOXICATIOX.  Poisoning.  Temulentia— /. 
Anlimoiiltile,  Stibialism  —  /.  dev  jVaraia,  see 
Miasm. 

fXTOXfCA  TIOX  SA  TURNIXE.  Lead  poi- 
soning; saturnine  cachexy.  The  aggregate  of 
symptoms  which  present  themselves  prior  to  an 
attack  of  load  colic. — Tanquerel  des  Planches. 

INTRALIXC.UAL  SALIVARY  GLANDS, 
see  .'>idiv.irv  glands. 

INTKALOirULAR,  n>tral(d,-d(i'r!» ;  from  in- 
tra,  'within,'  and  lolndiin.  'a  lobule.'  Relating 
to  the  space  within  a  lobule  : — as  the  "  iiitndohn- 
l(ir  veiim,"  reii(S  sou  veu'ii/a"  iiitrnlobidn'ren  SOU 
centra'les,  of  the  liver  :  —  veins  which  communi- 


cate with  the  interlobular  veins,  and  are  the  ra- 
dicles of  the  hepatic  veins. 

INTRA-PEL  VIO  THOCHANTERIEN,  Ob- 
turator intenius. 

INTRA-U'TERINE,  lutrnUteri'nus ;  from  in- 
tra, 'within,'  and  xttenis,  'the  womb.'  That 
which  takes  place  within  the  womb  —  as  'iiitni- 
iiteriiie  life.' 

INTRICATURA,  Decu.=sation. 

INTRIN'SIC,  Intrin'HecHS ;  from  intra,  'with- 
in,' and  necHs,  'towards.'  Applied  to  the  internal 
muscles  of  certain  organs;  a.s  those  of  the  ear, 
tongue,  and  larynx.  Linnaeus  gave  the  name 
Iiitriii'neri  to  internal  diseases. 

INTROITUS  PELVIS,  see  Pelvis— i.  Vaginic, 
Rima  vulvae. 

INTROMIS'SION,  Litromix'x!,, ;  from  !>,tro, 
'within,'  and  mittn,  m!nmim,  'I  send.'  The  ac-t 
of  introducing  one  body  into  anocher,  as  Iiilni- 
mimtio  Pein'n,  (F.)  lutrdmisaiou  de  In   Ver(je. 

INTROSUSCEPTIO,  Intussuseeptio  — i.  En- 
tropium,  Entropi()n. 

INTUBU.M,  Cichorium  endivia — i.  Erraticum, 
Cichorium  intvbus. 

INTUMES'CENCE,  Intnweicen'tia,  Oiuo'xii, 
Dioiicd'nin,  from  iiitumeitcere,  (in,  and  tumciccrr, 
'to  swell.')  Augmentation  of  size  in  a  part  or  in 
the  whole  of  the  body.  Sauvages  uses  the  word 
Intumencen'tlcB  for  an  order  of  (liseases,  in  which 
he  comprehends  polysarcia,  pneumatosis,  ana- 
sarca, oedema,  phvsconia,  and  pregnancv. 

INTUMESCENTIA  GAXGLIFOR.MIS.  Gan- 
glion of  Gasser,  see  Facial  nerve — i.  Lactea  Mam- 
marum,  Sparganosis  —  i.  Lienis,  Splenoncus  —  i. 
Semilunaris,  Ganglion  of  (iasser. 

INTUS  INVERSUS,  Transposition  of  the  vis- 
cera. 

INTUSSUSCEP'TIO.  from  intus,  'within,' .and 
aiiscipio,  nimceptnni,  'I  receive.'  Introsiiscej/tii).  In 
p]iij»iol(>(jii :  —  the  mode  of  increase  peculiar  to 
organized  bodies.  In  pntlio/o;/!/,  like  Coiir(d'vii- 
hm,  V(d'itdus  seu  Suxcep'tia  seu  J'arisdf/o'j/e  in- 
tentino'rnm,  Chordap'nini,  £iiter(ipnrii<(i(/ii'(/e,  In- 
d!(/it(i'tl(>,  Tornien' turn,  and  luvot/hitt'tio,  it  means 
the  introduction  of  one  part  of  the  intestinal  canal 
—  intunauscep'tum  —  into  another,  which  serves 
it  as  a  sort  of  vayina  or  sheath,  (ienerally,  it  is 
the  upper  part  of  the  small  intestine,  which  is  re- 
ceived into  the  lower — intuimixcip'iens — when  the 
intussusception  is  said  to  be  proyren'sire.  At 
times,  however,  it  is  ret' rorjrade.  As  the  disease 
cannot  be  positively  detected  by  the  symptoms, 
it  must  be  treated  upon  general  principles.  At 
times,  the  invaginated  portion  has  separated  and 
been  voided  per  anum, —  the  patient  recovering. 
The  disease  is,  however,  of  a  very  dangerous 
character. 

INTUSSUSCEPTUM,  see  Intussuseeptio. 

INTUSSUSCIPIENS,  see  Intussuseeptio. 

INTYBUM,  Cichorium  endivia. 

INTYBUS  IIORTENSIS,  Cichorium  endivia. 

INULA,  see  Inula  hclenium — i.  Britannica, 
I.  dysenterica — i.  Common,  I.  helenium — i.  Co- 
ny z.nea,  I.  dysenterica. 

In'i'LA.  Dy.skntkr'ica.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  Leaser  Inula,  I.  Britan' nica  seu  Cii)niza''(t, 
Aster  dynenfer'icHS  seu  nndnlii'titu,  Pidica'ria 
di/Henter'icn,  Coni/'za,  C.  media.  Ar'nica  Sitedfu'- 
nis  seu  spii'ria,  Cnni'la  mas'eidti  seu  we'dia,  Cu- 
nila'gn,  (Vrny.)  Mine's  fat,  (F.)  Aunee  'intidys- 
enteriqiie,  Ilerhe  de  Saint  Ruth.  Af(^  Ord.  Com- 
positse.  This  plant  was  once  considered  to  pos- 
sess great  antidysenteric  virtues.  The  whole 
plant  is  acrid  and  somewhat  aromatic. 

Ini'la  Hei.en'icm.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  El'eeampnne,  En'ida,  E.  campa'na,  Elen'inm, 
Necta' rinm,  Heleninm,  Aster  helen'itim  seu  offici- 
nn'lis,  Corvisnr'lla  helen' turn,  Camman  Inula,  (F.) 
AunSe    ou    Aunee    officinale.      The    root   lu'ulu 


INUNCTIO 


508 


IONIA 


(Ph.  U.  S.)  was  formerly  in  high  esteem  in  dys- 
pepsia, cacliexia,  pulmonary  affections,  &c.  It 
is  now  scarcely  used. 

Inula,  Lksser,  Inula  dysenterica  —  i.  Squar- 
rosa,  Cony/.a  squarrosa. 

INUNCTIO,  Inunction,  Liniment. 

INUNCTION,  Lnuic'tio,  PeniNc'th.  Illit";,), 
Illi'tiis,  Il/!iiit" io,  Oliliiiit"i»,  Chrixls,  Cdtiir.h' ri- 
sl»,  Diach'riiis,  Ji/iich'riiis,  Uiictio,  from  inun- 
ycre,  ixinictiim,  (in,  and  ntujere,  iDictiiiii,)  'to 
iinoint.'  The  act  of  rubbing  in  an  ointment 
or  a  liniment,  iiiictioii,  (F.)  Onction,  Inniictioii. 
Inunction  of  the  whole  body  with  a  piece  of 
bacon,  lard,  or  with  oil,  has  been  recommended 
ill  scarlatina,  measles,  and  in  scrofulous  or  tuber- 
culous cachexia. 

INUNDATIO,  Depuration. 

INUSTIO.  Cauterization,  Cauterium. 

INUSTORIUM,  Cauterium. 

I.\VAG"INATED,  ln>-<i<iiiia'tm,  from  ?'»,  and 
viiyhia,  'a  sheath.'  Applied  to  a  part  which  is 
received  into  another,  as  into  a'sheath. 

The  iiivni/iiKited  or  slit  niid  tail  hdndnge  is  one 
in  which  strips  or  tails  pass  through  appropriate 
slits  or  button-holes. 

INVAGINATIO,  Intussusceptio. 

INVAtilNA'TION,  /iivn;/i,i,i'tio.  Intussus- 
ceptio. Also,  an  operation,  which  consists  in  in- 
troducing one  end  of  a  divided  intestine  into  the 
other,  with  the  view  of  restoring  the  continuity 
of  the  intestinal  canal. 

The  name  I)irrif/ination  is,  likewise,  given -10 
an  operation  for  the  radical  cure  of  crural  hernia, 
which  consists  in  introducing  into  the  crural 
canal  a  thick  tent  of  charpie,  the  effect  of  which 
is.  by  compression  and  adhesive  inflammation,  to 
obliterate  the  neck  of  the  hernial  sac. — Nysten. 

INVALETUDO,  Infirmity. 

INVALID,  Valetudinary. 

INVALIDING,  (F.)  He/orme.  The  removal 
from  the  army  of  a  soldier,  who  has  become,  from 
infirmity,  unfit  for  service. 

INVAIJDUS,  Valetudinary. 

INVASIO.  Arche,  Attack,  Paro.xvsra, 

IN  VERMIN  ATION,  Helminthiasis. 

INVERSIO  PALPEBRARUM,  Entropion— i. 
Uteri,  Ilvsteroptohis,  Uterus,  inversion  of  the. 

INVERSION  DE  LA  MATRIUE,  Uterus, 
inversion  of  the — ■)'.  dn  Lnmhetiu,  see  Flap. 

INVERTENTIA,  Absorbents,  Antacids. 

INVESTITURA  FUNICULI  UMBILICA- 
LIS.  see  Fiiniculis  umbiliealis. 

INVETERATUS,  Chronic. 

INVISCANTIA,  Incrassantia. 

INVISCA'TIO  OC'ULI,  from  i»,  and  vixrinn, 
'bird  lime.'  A  morbid  adhesion  of  the  eyelids  to 
each  other,  or  to  the  globe  of  the  eye.  Also, 
gluing  together  of  the  eyelids  by  a  viscid  secre- 
tion. 

INVOLU'CRUM,  Tm:„himen'tHm,  from  invol- 
vcre,  {ill,  and  coU-ere,  votntiiiii.)  'to  fold  in.'  A 
covering:  hence  Involu'cra  eer'ebri,  the  mem- 
branes of  the  brain.  Iiicotu'cra  iiervo'nini,  the 
frheaths  of  the  nerves. 

IvvoLUCRCJM  ConDis,  Pericardium — i.  Corporis 
co\nmune,  Integument — i.  Liogiiie.  see  Tongue — 
i.  Meinbranaceuin,  Decidua  reflexa — i.  Nervorum, 
Neurilemma — i.  Reti  eomparatum,  Retina. 

INVOLUMENTUM,  Invoiuerum. 

INVOLVEXTIA,  Demulcents. 

J  ODE.  Iodine. 

lODKS,  ^Eruirinous. 

lODETUM  HYDRARGYRICUM,  Hydrargyri 
iodidum  rubrum. 

WDHYDRARnYRITE  DE  CHLORURE 
31ERGUREUX,  Mercury,  iodide  of  chloride  of. 

lOD'IC,  lod'iciis,  (F.)  lodiqiie.  Same  etymon 
as  Iodine.     Containing  iodine. 

IODIDUM    HYDRARGYRI    CHLORIDI, 


Mercury,  iodide  of  chloride  of — i.  irydrnrgyriciiiD, 
Hydrargyri  iodidum  rubrum — i.  Ilyilrargyrosuui, 
Ilvdrargvri  ioiliduui. 

I'ODINE,  I,/dinn,L.'dimm  (Ph.  U.  S.,  1842), 
/odlii'iiim  (Pli.  U.  S.,  1851),  Jodiii'eiiiii,  lo'diiiii, 
Ii/diiim,  lo'iiiiim,  Jii'iiiiiH,  (F.)  lode;  from  twit/s, 
tuol)('oeiis,  'of  a  violet  colour,'  so  called  from  tlio 
violet  vapour  it  exhales  when  volatilized.  It  ig 
contained  in  the  mother  waters  of  certain  fuel 
and  is  obtained  by  pouring  an  excess  of  concen- 
trated sulphuric  acid  on  the  water  obtained  by 
burning  different  fuci,  lixiviating  the  aslic.H  and 
concentrating  the  liquor.  The  mixture  is  i)liiccd 
in  a  retort  to  which  a  receiver  is  attached,  ami  is 
boiled.  The  iodine  passes  over  and  is  condensed. 
It  is  solid,  in  the  form  of  plates;  of  a  bluish  gray 
colour,  of  a  metallio  brightness,  and  smell  similar 
to  that  of  the  chloride  of  sul|)hur.  Its  s.  g.  is 
4.946.  When  heated,  it  becomes  volatilized,  and 
affords  the  vapour  which  characterizes  it.  With 
oxygen  it  forms  Iodic  acid,  and  with  hydrogen 
Hi/diiodio  acid.  The  tincture  of  iodine  and  the 
iodides  have  been  emjjloj'cd  with  great  success  in 
the  treatment  of  goitre  and  of  some  scrofulous 
affections.  It  must  be  administered  in  a  very 
small  dose  and  for  a  long  period.  It  is  said  to  be 
apt,  however,  to  induce  cholera  morbus,  signs  of 
great  nervous  irritability,  lodoiiie'thc,  (F.)  Jcveane 
iodiqiic,  and  emaciation  of  the  mamnue.  AVlicn 
these  symptoms,  collectively  termed  J'odimn,  Jo- 
d(/'nin,  and  Jodin'ia,  (F.)  Cuvhexie  iudee,  are 
urgent,  the  dose  may  be  diminished,  or  it  may  be 
wholly  discontinued,  and  afterwarcJs  resumed. 

Various  preparations  of  iodine  are  employed  in 
medicine. 

lODINED,  Iodized. 

I'ODIZED, /'o(/i'»erfy  lodisa'tua.  Impregnated, 
or  affected  with,  iodine,  or  its  preparations. 

lUDINIA,  see  Iodine. 

lODINIUM,  Iodine. 

lODINUM,  Iodine. 

lODIQUE,  Iodic. 

lODISM,  see  Iodine. 

lODIUM,  Iodine. 

I'ODOFORM,  lodofor'mnm,  (F.)  Todoforme,  To. 
dure  de  formyle  ;  so  called  from  its  analogy  to 
chloroform.  It  is  obtained  by  the  reaction  on 
each  other  of  iodine,  bicarbonate  of  potassa,  water, 
and  alcohol.  It  is  in  crystalline  plates,  of  a  beau- 
tiful citrine  colour;  and  may  be  given  in  the  saaie 
cases  as  the  other  preparations  of  iodine.  Dose, 
one  grain,  three  times  a  day.  It  is  the  miitjiii-io- 
dide  of  carhoii.     See  Carbonis  sesqui-iodidum. 

JOhOGNOSlE,  lodognosis.* 

lODOGNO'SIS,  (F.)  lodor/Hotie  ;  from  iodine, 
and  yvwati,  'knowledge.'  A  knowledge  of  iodine 
in  its  various  relations.— Dorvault. 

lODOHYDRARGYRATE  OF  POTASSIUM, 
see  Iodine. 

lODOMETHE,  see  Iodine. 

lODOPE'GiE,  from  iodnm,  'iodine,'  and  Triyri, 
'a  spring.'     Mineral  waters  containing  iodine. 

lODOPHTHISIE.  from  iodine,  and  ii,Mm, 
'phthisis.'  Loss  of  flesh  and  strength  produced 
by  iodine. 

lODOSIS.  see  Iodine. 

lODUM,  Iodine. 

10 DURE  DE  FORMYLE,  Iodoform—''. 
de  Meiciire,  Hydrargyri  iodidum  —  ?'.  de  Rlninb, 
Plumbi  iodidum — i.  Plomhique,  Plumbi  iodidum 
—  i'.  de  PotiiHuiiini,  Potassae  hydriodas  —  >'.  de 
Quinine,  Quinia;  hydriodas  —  i.  dc  Sou/re,  Sul- 
phuris  iodidum — ;.  de  Zinc,  Zinci  iodidum. 

lODUKETUM  AMMONITE,  see  Iodine  — i. 
Amyli,  see  Iodine  —  i.  Hydrargyrosum,  Hydrar- 
gyri iodidum — i.  Sulphuris,  see  Iodine. 

lODYMUS,  Dicephalus. 

ION,  Viola. 

IONIA,  Teucrium  chamtepitys. 


lONIDIUM   MARCUCCI 


509 


IRIS 


TONID'IUM   MARCUCCI,   Chichim-luilll —  t\.\ 
Pdiith    Amoricfin    pliint.      ,SVar.  SijhI.   Fentnnilria  j 
M'>nof?ynia;   Nut.  Oi'l.  Violiirise  ;  snid  to  be  ex- i 
trcrnc'ly  eflicacious  in  the  Mai  de  San  Lazaro,  of 
Ciil'>inl)ia. 

IONIUM,  Iodine. 
lONTA,  sec  Excretion. 

lON'TIIUS,  VaniH,  Vinlrt  Eruption,  from  lov, 
'the  violet,'  and  avSoi.  'a  flower,' or  uvdoi,  '  foul- 
ness' [?].  An  unsu[)i)urative,  tubueular  tumour; 
stationary;  eliiefly  on  the  faee.  A  p;enus  in  the 
class  flamiiilicii,  order  Phfofjulim  of  (iood. 

loNTiius  CoiiYMBiFKU,  Gulta  rosea  —  i.  Varus, 
Aene. 

lONUM,  Iodine. 

lOTACIS'MUS,  from  the  Greek  letter  Iota. 
Defective  articulation,  —  the  patient  not  being 
able  to  pronounce  the  palatals  J  and  7  soft. 

IPECAC,  Apocynuni  androsa;inifoliuin.  Eu- 
phorbia corollata,  Gillenia  trifoliata,  Ipecacuan- 
ha, Triostenm — i.  American,  Apocynum  androsae- 
mifolium — i.  Wild,  Euphorbia  ipecacuanha. 

Il'KCACUAX'IIA.  In  common  parlance,  often 
nbridRod  to  Ipf^cnr,  and  in  Ireland  to  Hippo. 
Tlie  pharmacopoeial  name  of  the  root  of  Ctjihue'- 
lln  scu  Calliroe'ca  ipecariitni'ha,  TpecactKiii'hn, 
Cogoaanfjn,  IIi/poitcnii'ii<i,  Hippnncnn'nn.  (F.)  Ip(- 
cmiianliii  aiitiele.  Nat.  Orel.  Cinchonacoa'.  It  is 
also  obtained  from  the  Pni/cho'tr!a  einet'ica  of 
Peru.  The  odour  of  the  root,  Iperaeunn'hri  root. 
Jpecaciiiin'hm  rndix,  Radi.v  Brazillcn'aiH, —  Ijye- 
C(ta«mha  (Ph.  U.  S.),  (F.)  Jlachte  lirMh'eynie  ou 
de  lirhil),  —  is  faint  and  peculiar;  taste  bitter, 
gubacrid,  and  mucilaginous;  both  water  and  alco- 
hol extracts  its  virtues,  which  depend  on  a  pecu- 
liar principle,  called  Emet'ia.  It  is  emetic  in 
large  doses ;  sudorific  in  smaller.  Dose,  as  an 
emetic,  gr.  xx  to  xxx, — alone,  or  united  with  gr. 
i.  to  ij  of  tartarized  antimony. 

Ii'iccACUANiiA,  Euphorbia  corollata,  Pedilan- 
thus  tithymaloides  —  i.  AnneU,  Ipecacuanha  —  i. 
Bastard,  Asdepias  eurassavica,  Triosteum  perfo- 
liatum — /.  Jl/nnc  de  VUc  de  Fninee,  Tylophora 
nsthmatica — i.  Bhnic.  de  St.  Dorin'/K/iic,  Asclcpias 
eurassavica  —  i.  of  the  Isle  of  France,  Tylophora 
asthmatica. 

Ipecaouan'ha,  White,  is  obtained  from  diffe- 
rent species  of  Jiichiirdsnitid  and  foiiidiiim.  17'- 
0/0  ipeeaciian'hd  seu  Solea  t'pevociKiii'Iin  seu  I'oin- 
ba'lea  ipecaciian'ha  also  affords  it.  It  i.s  weaker 
than  the  gray. 
IPO,  Upas. 

IPOMffiA  BATATOiDES,  see  Convolvulus  ja- 
kpa — i.  Jalapa,  Convolvulus  jalapa  —  i.  Maeror- 
rhiza.  Convolvulus  jalapa  —  i.  Mestitlanica,  see 
Convolvulus  jalapa — i.  Nil,  Convolvulus  nil  —  i. 
Operculata,  see  Batata  de  purga— i.  Orizal>ensis, 
see  Convolvulus  jalapa  —  i.  Purga,  see  Convol- 
vulus jalapa  —  i.  Sehiedeana,  see  Convolvulus 
jalapa. 
IRA,  Rage. 

IRACUNDUS.  Rectus  externns  oculi. 
IllAL'OIA;    Ireal'gia,    Iridnl'gin,    from    ipij, 
'the  iris,'  and  a\yoi;.  '  pain.'     Pain  in  the  iris. 
IRASCFflLE,  Rectus  externus  oculi. 
IREALGIA,  Irnlgia. 
IREONCIOX,  Iriancistron. 
I'RIAN,  Iriu'iiiti,  (F.)  frieii.    Belonging  to  the 
iris. 

IRIANCIS'TROX.  Iridaiichl'roiK  Trcoii'ciotl, 
from  ipif,  and  ayKtarpov,  'a  hook.'  A  hooked  in- 
Btrunient.  used  by  Schlagintweit  in  the  formation 
of  an  artificial  jnipil. 

IRID.E'A  EDU'LTS.  One  of  the  Algre,  eaten 
in  Scotland  and  the  .Southwest  of  England. 

IRIDALGT A.  Iralgia. 

IRIDAXCISl'RON,  Iriancistron. 

IRID.\UXE'S1S,  from  fri»,  iridU,  and  av^ri<ri;, 
'  augmentution  j'  Stajffii/lu'ma  I'ridis,  S.   U'vea, 


Tridonco'iitK,  Li/mpJioii'riin  rridit.     Exudation  of 
fibrin  into  the  tissue  of  the  iris. 

IRIDECTOMEDIALYSIS,  see  Coretomia. 
IRIDKCTOMIA.  >ee  Coretomia. 
IRIDEXCLEISIS.  see  Coretomia. 
IRIDEXCLEIS.M US.  see  Coretomia. 
IRIDERE'MIA,   finm    fn'fi,  iridic,  and  cpvi/o;, 
'deprived    of;'    JridoKiere'nia.      Absence   of  iris, 
either  a))parent  or  real. 
IRIDITIS.  Iritis. 

IRIDOCELE.  Ptosis  iridis. 
IRIDOCOLOBOMA,  Coloboma  iridis. 

IRIDODIALYSIS,  Coretomia. 

IRIDODONE'SIS,  from  Lix,  and  iovtco,  'I 
shake.'     Tremulousness  of  the  Iris.     See  llippus. 

IRIDOMALA'CIA,  from  his,  iridin,  and  ;jaX«- 
Kta.  'softness.'  Mollescence  or  softening  of  the  iris. 

IRIDOMELAXO'MA,  Iridomeluno'Kix,  from 
Irix,  Olid  ixi\avuv,  '  to  colour  bliick.'  The  depo- 
sition of  black  matter  on  the  tissue  of  the  iris. 

IRIDOXCO'SIS,  Iridon'cuK,  Ironco'ais,  Hype- 
ronco'sis  Iridis,  from  Irin,  and  oyKo;,  '  a  swelling.' 
Tumefaction  or  thickening  of  the  iris.  Also  Iri- 
dauxesis. 

IRIDONCUS,  Iridoncosis. 

I  R  I  D  OPERIPIIACI'TIS,  Tridoperiplaln'th, 
from  Irin,  irt.pi,  'around,'  and  phocillH,  inflamma- 
tion of  the  lens.  Inflammation  of  the  anterior 
hemisphere  of  the  capsule  of  the  lens. 

IRIDOPLANIA,  llippus. 

IRIDOPTOSIS,  Pt.)sis  iridis. 

IRIDOR'RIIAGAS,  Iridorrho'ije,  Tridor'rhox, 
Iridosvhin'ma,  Fissit'ra  I'ridis,  from  Iris,  and 
paya^,  'a  fissure.'  Fissure  of  the  iris.  See  Co- 
loboma. 

IRIDORRHOGE.  Iridorrhagas. 

IRIDORRHOX,  Iridorrhag.is. 

IRIDOSCniSMA,  Coloboma  Iridis,  Iridor- 
rhagas. 

IRIBOSTERE.SIS,  Irideremia. 

IRIDOTENCLEISTS,  Coretomia. 

IRIDOTOMEDIALYSIS,  see  Coretomia. 

IRIDOTOMIA,  see  Coretomia. 

TRIDOTROMUS,  Hippus. 

iniEX,  Irian. 

IRIS,  ((/eii.  I'ridis)  Gramme.  So  called  from  its 
resembling  the  rainbow  in  a  variety  of  colours. 
A  membrane,  stretched  vertically  at  the  atiterior 
part  of  the  eye,  in  the  midst  of  the  aqueous  hu- 
mour, in  which  it  forms  a  kind  of  circular,  flat 
partition,  separating  the  anterior  from  the  poste- 
rior chamber.  It  is  perforated  by  a  circular 
opening  called  Xhe  2iupil,  which  is  constantly  va- 
rying its  dimensions,  owing  to  the  varying  con- 
tractions of  the  fibres  of  the  iris.  Its  posterior 
surface  has  been  called  nven,  from  the  thick, 
black  varnish  which  covers  it.  The  pigmer.tary 
stratum,  (m  its  free  surface,  appears  to  be  bounded 
by  a  delicate,  but  sharply  defined,  line,  which 
has  been  described  as  a  special  membane — Mem- 
hni'nn  pigmen'ti  sen  Um'itmis  seu  lim'itnns  Pnei'- 
iii  seu  Jitcit'bi  Arnold.  The  greater  circumference 
of  the  iris  is  adherent  to  the  ciliary  processes  and 
circle.  It  has  an  external  jilane  of  radiated  fibres 
and  an  internal  one  of  circular  fibres,  which  servo 
—  the  one  to  dilate,  the  other  to  c(>ntra(;'t  the 
aperture  of  the  piiitil.  The  iris  receives  the  irian 
nerves.  Its  arteries  are  furnished  by  the  long 
ciliary  arteries,  which  form  two  circles  by  their 
anastomoses;  the  one  very  broad,  near  the  great 
circumference;  the  other,  smaller,  and  seated 
arOund  the  circumference  of  the  pupil.  The  vein.s 
of  the  iris  empty  themselves  into  the  Vosa  vorti- 
cosa,  and  into  the  long  ciliary  veins.  The  use  of 
the  iris  seems  to  be, — to  regulate  by  its  dilatation 
or  contraction,  the  quantity  of  luminous  rays 
necessary  for  distinct  vision.  The  diflTerent  co- 
lours of  the  iris  occasion  the  variety  in  the  colours 
of  the  liuman  eye. 


IRIS  PUAXT 


510 


IRRITABILITY 


Iris,  see  Herpes  Iris — i.  Common,  I.  fiorma- 
rica —  j'.  Ciimmun,  I.  Germaiiicii  —  i.  dc  Florence, 
I.  Florentina. 

Iris  Ft-OaENTl'yA,  Florentine  iris  or  nrrin,  (F.) 
Iris  lie  Florence.  Order,  IridiiceiU.  The  rhizoina 
of  this  plant  is  extreinel}' acrid  in  its  recent  state; 
and,  when  chewed,  excites  a  pungent  heat  in  the 
mouth,  tliat  continues  for  several  hours.  When 
dried,  the  acrimony  is  lost,  or  nearly  so,  and  the 
smell  is  very  ati^reeable.  It  is  indebted  to  its 
agreeable  flavour  for  its  retention  in  the  pharma- 
copoeias, although  it  is  ranked  as  an  expectorant. 
The  orria  root  of  the  shops  is  said  to  consist  of  the 
rhizomes  of  three  species — /.  Florentina,  I.  pal- 
lida, and  /.  Germanicn. 

Iris  FcETinis'siMA.  F.ftx'tidn,  Spath'nia  fce'ti- 
da,  Xyris,  Stinking  iris,  (F. )  Iris  piiant,  Glayeal 
pliant.  The  root  has  been  esteemed  antispasmo- 
dic and  narcotic. 

Iris  Gkrman'ica.  The  systematic  name  of  the 
Flower-de-Lnce,  Iris  nostras  seu  vnlijii'ris,  Aier'- 
sa,  Coniinon  iris  or  orris,  Gladi'ohts  ca>rn'lens, 
(F.)  Iris  eommim,  Flamhe.  The  fresh  roots  have 
a  disagreeable  smell,  and  an  acrid,  nauseous  taste. 
They  are  powerfully  cathartic,  and  are  given  in 
dropsies,  where  such  remedies  are  indicated. 

Iris  IIbxago.va,  I.  versicolor. 

Iris  Lacus'tris,  Dwarf.Jiag,  Dwarf  lake-iris ; 
has  the  properties  of  I.  versic(dor. 

Iris,  Lakr,  Dwarf,  I.  lacustris  —  i.  Lutea,  I. 
pseudacorus  —  i.  des  Marais,  I.  pseudacorus  —  i. 
Nostras,  I.Germanica — i.Palustris,  I.  pseudacorus. 

Iris  PsKUDAc'cnirs.  The  systematic  name  of 
the  Yellow  w<iter-Jla</,  Iris  polns'tris  seu  lii'tea, 
Gladi'oliis  lii'tens,  Ac'orns  rnhja'ris  seu  adnlteri'- 
nns  seu  pahis'tris,  Pseudac'orns,  Dn'tomon,  (F.) 
Iris  des  marnis.  Fanx  iicore,  Flnmlic  lidtard,  Acore 
bdtard.  The  root  has  an  acrid,  styjjic  taste.  It 
is  an  errhine,  sialogogue,  and  acrid  astringent. 
The  expressed  juice  is  diuretic,  and  said  to  be  a 
useful  application  to  serpiginous  and  other  cuta- 
neous affections.  Rubbed  on  the  gums,  or  chewed, 
it  is  said  to  cure  toothache. 

IRIS  PUANT,  I.  foetidissima  — i.  Stinking, 
I.  foetidissima. 

Iris  VeRSIC'oLOR,  I.  hexacfn'na,  Ulne  flag.  The 
rhizoma  of  this  is  an  active  cathartic,  and  li.as 
been  much  used,  as  such,  by  the  American  In- 
dians.    It  is  reputed  to  be  diuretic. 

Iris  Virgin'ica,  Slender  lilne  flay  ;  and  Iris 
verna,  are  said  to  have  virtues  like  those  of  I. 
versicolor. 

Iris  Vulgaris,  I.  Germanica. 

IRISITIS,  Iritis. 

IRI'TIS,  Infl'immationof  the  iris,  Inflamma'fio 
I'ridis,  Irlsi'tis,  Iridi'tis.  from  [ris,  and  iris,  de- 
noting inflammation,  Unei'tis  oi'  unmc.  The  chief 
.'■ymptoms  are; — change  in  the  colour  of  the  iris; 
fibres  less  movable;  tooth-like  processes  shooting 
into  the  pupil;  pupil  irregularly  contracted,  with 
tiie  ordinary  signs  of  inflammation  of  the  eye. 
If  the  inflammation  does  not  yield,  suppurati<in 
takes  place:  and  although  the  matter  m.iy  be  ab- 
t-orbed,  the  iris  remains  immovable.  It  is  often 
laused  l)y  syphilis.  The  general  principles  of 
treatment  are,  to  deplete  largely  and  exhibit  mer- 
cury freely;  along  with  attention  to  other  means 
:idvisable  in  ophthalmia.  The  free  use  of  quinia 
i^  sometimes  serviceable.  When  the  inflamma- 
tion is  sealed  in  the  serous  covering  of  the  iris,  it 
is  termed  Iritis  sero'sa. 

IROX,  Ferrum  —  i.  Acetate  of,  Fcrri  acetas 

i.  and  Alumina,  sulphate  of,  Fcrri  et  aluininis 
«ulphas  —  i.  Ammoniated,  Ferrum  aminoniatum 
— i.  Ainmonio-citrate  of,  Fcrri  ammonio-citras  — 

i.  Ammonio-chloride  of,  Ferrum  aminoniatum 

i.  Ammonio-tiirtrate  of,  Fcrri  ammonio-tiirtrns — 
i.  and  Ammonia,  citrate  of,  Ferri  ammonio-citras 
— i.  and  Quinia,  Hydriodate  of,  see  Iodine. 


Iron  Bauk,  sec  Kino. 

Iito.N,  Drdmidk  of,  see  Bromine  —  i.  Carbo- 
nate   of,    saccharine,     Ferri     prnto-carbomis i. 

Carburet  of,  Grapliitcs  —  i.  Black  o.\idf  of',  ().\y. 
diini  fcrri  nigrum — i.  Chloride  of,  Fcrri  cliloriilmu 
— i.  Citrate  of,  Ferri  citras — i.  Citrate  of  the  iiiiig. 
netic  oxide  of,  see  Ferri  ammonio-citras — i.  Fcr- 
rocyanuret  of,  Prussian  blue  —  i.  Fcrroprussiate 
of,  I'russian  blue — i.  Filings,  purified,  Fcrri  lima, 
tura  piirificata  —  i.  llydralcd  oxide  of.  Fcrriim 
oxydatum  hydralum  —  i.  llydratcii  peroxide  of 
Ferrum  oxydatum  hydratum  — i.  Ilydrated  Irit- 
oxidc  of,  Ferrum  oxydatum  hydratum — i.  llydij. 
odate  of,  Fcrri  iudiduiii — i.  llydrohroinnte  of,  see 
Bromine — i.  Jlydro-oxide  of,  Fcrnim  oxviiiiluin 
hydratum  —  i.  Iodide  of,  see  Iodine,  and 
Ferri  iodidum  —  i.  loduret  of,  Fcrri  iodidutn  —  i. 
Lactate  of,  Ferri  lactas — i.  Liquor.  Ferri  iwctas — 
i.  and  Magnesia,  citrate  of,  Fcrri  et  iMagnejiiO 
citras — i.  Magnetic  Oxide  of.  Oxydum  Ferri  iii- 
grum — i.  Muriate  of,  Ferri  chloridum — i.  Nitrate 
of,  solution  of,  see  Tinctura  Ferri  inurialis  —  i. 
Perchloride  of,  Ferri  chloridum — i.  Peroxide  of, 
Ferri  subcarbonas — i.  Phosphate  of,  Ferri  j)lii)s- 
phas  —  i.  Pills  of,  compound,  Pilulie  ferri  coin- 
positiB — i.  Potassio-citrale  of,  see  Ferri  ammonio- 
citras — i.  Protocarbonate  of,  Ferri  protoearboiiiw 
— i.  Protoxide  of,  lactate  of  Ferri  lactas. 

luox  Pyritks,  Ferri  sulphuretum. 

Iron,  Qukvknne's,  Ferri  pulvis. 

Ikon  and  Quinia,  citrate  of,  Ferri  et  Qiiiniae 
citras  — i.  and  Quinia,  hydriodate  of,  see  Quinia, 
iodide  of  iodhydrate  of. 

Iron  Rkducud,  Ferri  Pulvis. 

Iron,  Sksquichloride  of,  Ferri  chloridum  — 
i.  Sesquinitrate  of,  Scdution  of,  see  Tinctura  ferri 
muriaiis — i.  Sesquioxide  of,  Ferri  subcarbonas— i. 
Sodio-citrato  of,  see  Ferp  ammonio-citras — i.  Sul- 
phate of,  Ferri  sulphas  —  i.  Sulphuret  of,  Ferri 
sulphuretum — -i.  Tannateof,  Ferri  tannas — i.  Tar- 
tarized,  Ferrum  tartarizatum  —  i.  Ternitrale  of, 
solution  of,  see  Tinctura  ferri  miiriatis — i.  Trito- 
hydro-ferrocyanate  of,  Prussian  blue. 

Iron  and  Potass,  Tartrate  of,  Ferrum  tartari- 
zatum. 

Iron,  Vai.erianatk  of,  Ferri  valerianas. 

Iron  Wekd,  Vernonia  Novcboracensis. 

IRONCOSIS,  Iridoncosis. 

IRRADIA'TION,  Irrudia'tio  {ir  and  rad!us\ 
Shooting  or  proceeding  from  a  centre  — as  an 
'  irriidlating  pain.' 

IRREDU'CIBLE,  (F.)  Irrhhictlhle.  An  epi- 
thet given  to  fractures,  luxations,  hernia),  Ac, 
when  they  cannot  be  reduced. 

IRn£DUCTIBLE,  Irreducible. 

IRRFG'ULAR, //reyi/Za'cig,  Auom'alons;  from 
ir,  negation,  and  rcgulii,  'a  rule.'  A  term  chiefly 
applied  to  the  types  of  a  disease:  and  al.so,  to 
the  pulse  when  its  beats  are  separated  by  unequal 
intervals. 

Irreg'it.ar  Practit"ioner.  One  xvho  docs 
not  practise  his  professiim  according  to  rules 
sanctioned  by  law  or  custom. 

IRREMEDIABLE,  Incurable. 

IRREPTIO,  Attack. 

IRRIGA'TION,  Irriga'tio,  Emhrnca'lio.  Irro- 
rn'tio  :  '  the  act  of  watering  or  moistening,'  from 
in,  and  '•'(/">  '  I  water.'  The  methodical  applica- 
tion of  water  to  an  affected  part,  to  keep  it  con- 
stantlv  wet. 

IRRITABILITAS,  Irritability— i.  Halleriana, 
Irritability — i.  Morbosa,  see  Subsultus  tendinum 
— i.  Vesica;,  Cysterethismus. 

IRRITABIL'ITY,  frritahil'llns,  from  irrilo, 
(in,  '  negation,' and  rilns,  'the  usual  manner,')  'I 
provoke.'  Vis  irrituhilitn'tis.  V.  Vila;,  V.  in'sil'i 
of  Haller,  V.  vita'lis  of  Gorter,  Oscilla'tio  of 
Boerhaave,  Tonic  power  of  Stiihl,  Vita  pro'pria, 
Irrilahilitua    Ilalleria'na,    Inherent   power,   Con- 


I II  R I T  A  B  L  E 


1  1 


ISCIIIOCELE 


(rnctH'Hi/,  ExcltnhiVit)),  Ac.  (F.)  hri'tuhilitp,  I. 
Jliillerieiiiie.  A  power,  possessed  by  nil  living, 
(ir;<:mi/.eil  bodies  of  being  acted  upon  by  certain 
pliinuli,  and  of  moving  responsive  to  stiuiulution. 
Il  is  tlic  ulliiniite  vital  (iroperty. 

IR'HITAULK,  Initith'Ulx.  That  which  is  en- 
d'lwed  with  irritability.  Every  living  org:ini7.ed 
tissue  is  irritable;  that  is,  capable  of  feeling  an 
iiIi[)ropriale  Htiiiiiilus,  and  of  moving  responsive  to 
fiich  stimulus.  Irritable  is  often  useil  in  the  same 
i<ciise  as  !iii]>reiiHible,  as  when  we  s[)eak  of  an  irri- 
lible  person,  or  habit,  or  temper.  This  Jast  con- 
ilirion  has  lieen  variously  termed  —  Jjvhi/'ilua 
wrmi'iKt,  I).  Kn-thii' icii,  //i/pn-riiif'iid  iierro'n'i, 
ScnrdHlhinii'n,  NmiroHtlieni'd,  SenxibWitan  aiiom'- 
«/((,  iS'.   ,\f Ill-till' nil,   S.   iliutri. 

IRIUTAMEX,  Irritant,  Stimulus. 

lIllUrAMKXTUM,  Erethism,  Irritant,  Sti- 
mulus— i.  Mctallieum,  (Jalvanism. 

Ill'lUTANT,  frri'tiiiiH,  Irritii' men,  Irn'tnmen- 
tiiin.  Same  etymon.  That  which  eanse.s  irrita- 
tion or  pain,  heat  and  tension  ;  either  meclimii- 
cfilli/,  as  (juncture,  acupuncture,  or  scarification; 
fhi'mirnlhj,  as  the  alkalies  and  acids;  or  in  a 
tper.ljic  manner,  as  cantharides. 

Irritants  are  of  great  use  in  the  treatment  of 
disease. 

IIUUTATING  POISON,  see  Poison. 

IKlUfATrO,  Erethism,  (iargale.  Irritation. 

IRRITA'TION,  Irritii'ttn,  ErethU'mnH.  Same 
etymon.  The  state  of  a  tissue  or  organ,  in  whirh 
tiiere  is  e.xcess  of  vital  movement;  commonly 
manifested  by  increase  of  the  circulation  and 
soiifiliility.  l?roussais  defines  irritation  to  be  : — 
(lie  cotidition  of  an  or^ran.  the  excitation  of  which 
is  carried  to  so  high  a  degree,  that  the  equilibrium 
resulting  from  the  balance  of  all  the  functions  is 
brolven.  In  this  signification,  he  also  uses  the 
wind  sill-irritation,  which  he  considered  as  a 
higher  degree,  and  as  the  essential  cause  of  fever. 
Irritation  is  the  precursor  of  inflammation. 

Iurita'tiox,  Mouuin,  Conftitii'tinnd/  irritation, 
Ii-'ritnti  re  fever,  I'neiiila-ferer,  is  that  excitement 
which  occurs  after  itijuries  done  to  the  body,  or 
t'l  any  |)art  thecof;  — constituting  cases  of  dii>- 
ennfit  ni/nifiathi/. 

IRRITATIVE  FEVER,  Irritation,  morbid. 

IRRORATIO,  Irrigation. 

IS.  Fibre. 

ISADELPII'IA,  from  mo;,  'equal,'  and  aicXipni, 
'brother.'  A  double  monstrosity,  in  which  both 
bodies  are  equally  and  perfectly  developed,  and 
possessed  of  independent  vital  orL'ans;  and  which 
arc  united  bv  parts  of  little  significance. — Gurlt. 

ISA'TIS  TINCTO'RIA.  Wii.,d,  P-mtel.  Ord. 
Ciipparidaceae.  A  European  plant,  whose  leaves 
have  a  fugitive  pungent  smell,  and  an  acrid 
durable  taste.  They  are  not  used,  however,  in 
medicine  at  the  present  day,  but  are  the  source 
of  the  dye-stufT,  n-oad. 

ISCA,  Boletus  igniarius. 

ISCII^'MIA.  from  it;^w,  'I  retain,'  and  'itiftn, 
'blood.'  Morbid  retention  or  suppression  of  an 
habitual  flux  of  blood,  as  of  the  hemorrhoidal  or 
menstrual  flu.x  or  of  ejtistaxis.  See  Ilicmatusta- 
tica. 

ISCH-Tl'MON,  hrha-'mnm.  Same  etym'>n.  A 
merlii'iii,'  which  restrains  or  stops  lileecling. 

IS't'lIESIS,  from  laxfiv,  'to  retain.'  Suppres- 
sion or  retention  of  a  discharirc  or  secretion. 

18'CniA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  In  this 
volcanic  isle,  five  miles  from  Naples,  there  are 
several  thermal  waters,  one  of  which — that  of  Gur- 
gitello — raises  the  thermometer  of  Fahr.  to  167°. 

ISCIIIACUS.  Iscbiatic. 

ISCHIADEEPIins.  Ischiopages. 

ISCHIADIC  US  MORBUS.  Neuralgia  fomoro- 
poplitipa — i.  Nervns,  Sciatic  nerve. 

ISCIIIADOCELE,  IscLiocele. 


ISCII'IAQRA,  Is'ehidH,  hehnl'gin,  from  la^tovt 
'the  haunch,'  and  ay/jo,  'a  seizure.'  A  name 
given  to  iscliiatic  gout.  Fenioro-puj/lileul  nea- 
rali/iii  has,  also,  lieen  so  called. 

IS'CIIIAL,  hchiu'li".  Kelating  or  belonging 
to  the  ischion. 

ISCHIALGIA,  Ischiagra,  Neuralgia  femoro- 
poplitaaa. 

ISCHIAS,  Ischiagra — i.  Nervosa  Antica.  Neu- 
ralgia femoro-praetiiiialis  —  i.  Nervosa  Cotuniiii, 
Neuralgia  femoro-poplittiea — i.  Nervosa  digitalis. 
Neuralgia  cubito-digitalis — i.  Nervosa  postica, 
Neuralgia  femoro-poplita-a — i.  a  Spargau<,v-i, 
Phlegmatia  dolens. 

ISCHIAT'IC.  hchiad'ie,  hi-hial'ivi,x.  hi-hiad'- 
iciia.  Inch' iucu»,  Sciat'ic,  (F.)  /nfhintir/ne,  from 
ic)^iov,  'the  haunch;'  whence  the  word  Seintie. 
An  epithet  given  to  parts  connected  with  the 
ischium.  The  Sciatic  NorcnKS.  (P.)  Ju-lunt- 
criirei  IxchintiqiieH,  are  formed  by  this  l)one  ;  the 
Isc'iiiATic  SiMNR  belongs  to  it,  and  gives  attach- 
ment   to    the    small  sacro-sciatic  ligament.     The 

TtiBBHOs'lTY  OF  THK  ISCHITM,  On  nellelltil' rilllll. 
'fuller  In'ehii,  (F.)  TiiheronilS  nriatiqiie.  is  f'ormcil 
by  it.  It  receives  the  insertions  of  different 
muscles  of  the  thigh,  and  forms  the  projection  on 
which  tlie  body  rests  when  seated. 

IscHlATic  AnTi-.liY,  Sciat'ic  Ar'teri/.  (F.)  Arlere 
Feiniirii-Poplitec  (Ch.)  arises  singly  from  the  hy- 
pogastric, or  with  the  gluteal;  and  seems  to  be 
really  a  continuation  of  the  trunk  of  the  hypo- 
gastric. It  issues  from  the  pelvis,  at  the  lower 
part  of  the  great  sciatic  notch  ;  and,  aftcrward.s, 
divides  into  a  considerable  number  of  l>r!inches, 
which  are  distributed  particularly  to  the  posterior 
and  superior  region  of  the  thigh. 

IscHlATic  Rkgiov,  Sciat'ic  region  ;  Reijio  ischi- 
nd'ira.     The  region  of  the  hip. 

IscHiATic  ViciN  presents  the  same  arrange- 
ment as  the  arterv. 

ISCHIATICUS.  Sciatic. 

ISCIIIATOCELE,  Iscbioccle. 

ISCIIIDUO'SIS,  Sndo'rin  HnppreM'xin,  OI!<jid'- 
ria,  from  i<i;^u),  'I  restrain,'  and  ^iS,>ij>s,  'sweat.' 
Suppressii/u  of  perspiration. 

tSCIIIO.  In  composition,  belonging  or  re- 
lating to  the  ischium. 

ISCIIIOBLEN'NIA,  hcholhn'nia.  from  ti!x<->, 
'  I  restrain,'  and  li\cvva,  'mucus.'  The  suppres- 
sion of  a  morbid  but  habitual  discharge  of  mucus. 

ISCHIO-CAVERNO'SUS.  Belonging  to  tho 
ischium  and  corpus  cavernosum. 

Is('I1io-Cavki!NOS1's  muscle,  CoUotera'lis.  Di- 
rec'tor  seu  Erec'tor  seu  Snstenfa'tor  Penit,  (F. ) 
Erectenr  dii  Penin,  hcliio-urSthrnl,  (Ch.)  is  .t 
small,  long,  flat  muscle,  whirh  surrounds  the 
origin  of  tho  corpus  cavernosum.  It  is  fixed 
heloiii  to  the  inner  siiie  of  the  tuberosity  of  tho 
ischium,  and  atmre  to  the  root  of  the  penis,  whero 
it  is  confounded  with  the  fibrous  membrane  of 
the  corpus  cavernosum.  It  draws  the  root  of  the 
penis  downwards  and  backwards. 

Ischio-Cavf.knosi'.s  of  the  female,  Erector 
seu  Sii^lento'tor  seu  Superior  rotini'diis  c/ilor'- 
idin,  (F.)  /nchio-clitoridien,  Iichio  xowi-eiitorien, 
(Ch.),  is  arranged  nearly  as  in  the  male,  but  is 
less  l)ull<j'.  It;  arises,  bj'  aponeurosis,  from  the 
tuberosity  of  the  ischium,  and  terminates  by  em- 
bracing the  corpus  cavernosum  of  the  clitoris,  to 
the  erection  of  which  it  appears  to  contribute. 

ISCHIOCE'LE,  hchiatoce'le,  [gehiadoc'le. 
Hernia  inchiat'ica  ;  from  ta-^iov,  'the  iscliiuni,' 
and  KrjXrt,  'tumour.'  hi-hiatic  hernia.  One  iu 
which  the  viscera  issue  by  the  great  sciatic  notch. 
It  is  a  rare  disease.  The  protruded  parts  must 
be  reduced — the  patient  being  placed  in  a  favour- 
able position,  and  they  must  be  retained  by  a 
bandage. 


ISCIIIO-CLITORIANUS 


512 


ISOCRATES 


ISCntO-CLITORIA'NUS.  That  which  is 
Oonnecte<l  with  the  ischium  and  clitoris. 

Iscnio-Ci.iTo'lii.vN  Artbry  of  Chaussior  is  a 
division  of  the  internal  pudic,  which  furnishes 
the  two  arteries  of  the  clitoris  —  the  superjiciul 
and  (leKp-nriitiid, 

Ischio-Clitoiuan  Nkuve,  of  the  snme  pro- 
fessor, is  the  superior  branch  of  the  pudic  nerve, 
which  is  distributed  to  tlie  clitoris. 

ISCUrO-CLITOlUDIEN,  Isc-hio- cavernous 
— i.  Coccygeus,  C(iecy;!;eus — !.  Vreti-tibial,  Semi- 
tendinojus  —  1.  Femoralis,  Adductor  ma<i;nus  — 
i.  Femnro-peroiiier,  Biceps  fle.xor  cruris — i.  Peri- 
neal, Transversus  perintci — i.  Poph'ti-femornl, 
Semi  -  nipinbranosus  —  !.  Pupliti  -  tibial,  Semi- 
membranosus— )".  Pretihinl,  Semi-tcndinosus  — 
■i.  S«ns-clit(irien,  Ischio-cavcrnosus  —  i.  Soni-tro- 
chniHirien,  Quadratus  femoris — )'.  Spino-trochan- 
t6rien,  Ischio-trochanterianus  —  i.  Urethral,  Is- 
chio-cavornosus. 

ISCIirODYMIA,  see  Somatodymia. 
IS'CHION,  hchitun,  Os  ischii,  Os  cnxen'dieis, 
Ilip-bniie,  HiicJcle-boiie,  Scat-bone,  (Se.)  Henck- 
hniie.  Hnkebniie,  LiDii/iebaite,  (Prov.)  Chancebone, 
Pinhoiie,  (F.)  Os  lie  Vasniette.  The  lowermost  of 
the  three  portions  which  compose  the  os  innomi- 
liiitutn  in  the  fuetus  and  young  individual.  The 
inferior  reajion  of  the  same  bone  has,  also,  been 
called  isfhiiim,  in  the  adult.  According  to  Ilesy- 
chius,  the  ancients  designated  by  the  word  ?'s- 
phioii  the  capsular  ligament  of  the  coxo-femoral 
articulation,  as  well  as  the  articulation  itself. 
Some  derive  the  word  from  ta^n,  the  lumbar  re- 
gion :  others  from  the  verb  lax^t  '  I  arrest,'  '  I 
retain;'  —  because  that  bone  serves  as  a  base  or 
support  for  the  trunk,  when  we  are  seated. 
IscnioN,  Haunch. 

ISCIirO-NEURALGIA,  Neuralgia  femoro 
poplita?a. 

ISCIIIOPA'GES,  Ischiodclph'iis,  from  hcTiion, 
and  -ayu),  '  I  fasten.'  A  monstrous  union  of  two 
foetuses,  in  which  they  are  attached  to  each 
other  by  the  ischia.  — ■  GeoiTroy  St.  Ililiare.  See 
Hypogastrodidvnins. 

ISCHrOPHtlirSIS,  Tnhex  coxa'ria  scu  ixclii- 
ad'icn, Phthisis  ischidd'ica,  from  i<t;^iov,  '  ischium,' 
nnd  phthisis.  Phthisis  in  consequence  of  suppu- 
ration of  the  hip-joint.     See  Coxariim  morlius. 

ISCHIO-PROSTAT'ICUS.  Winslow,  Sancto- 
rini,  Albinus,  and  Sommering,  have  given  this 
name  to  the  fibres  of  the  transversus  perinasi 
muscle,  which  go  towards  the  prostate. 

ISCirrO-KRCTAL  FOSSA,  Perineal  fossa. 
ISCIITOSIS,  Neuralgia,  femoro  poplitaea. 
ISCHIO-TROCHANTHRIA'NUS,  Gem'hii, 
Oemel'li.  Part  of  the  Mnrsnpiu'lis  of  Cowper: 
Car' Ileum  jffarin'piiitn,  [srhiu-spiiii-troehrtiiterieii, 
Seciiii'dus  et  ter'liiis  qii'idriip'iii' inns,  (F.)  jlfiiscle 
cnnnele,  Accessnire  it  I'libtunifeiir  interne.  Two 
small,  fleshy  bundles,  long  and  flat,  which  arise, 
— the  superior  on  the  outside  of  the  sciatic  spine  ; 
the  inferior  behind  the  tuberosity  of  the  ischium. 
Both  pass  horizontally  outwards,  and  are  attached 
to  the  tendon  of  the  obturator  internus,  which 
they  accompany  into  the  fossa  of  the  trochanter. 
These  muscles  are  rotators  of  the  lower  limb  out- 
wards. They  can,  also,  turn  the  pelvis  on  the 
femur,  in  standing  on  one  foot. 
ISCHIUM,  Ischion. 

ISCHL,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
springs,  which  are  in  Upper  Austria,  contain 
iodine  and  bromine. 

ISCIINOPIIO'NIA,  from  to-;^'"'^'  'slender,' and 
ipwvv,  'voice.'  Slenderness  of  voice.  —  Hippo- 
crates. (Jilon. 

ISCHNOTES,  Emaciation! 
ISC  HO,  ia-)(w,  '1  keep  back,'  'I  restrain,'  'I 
hold  firm.'     Hence  : 
ISCHOBLEXNIA,  Ischioblennia. 


I^^CHOCEXO'SIS,  from  tc^'^,  'I  nrrost,'  .nnd 
(ctcuiffij,  '  evacuation.'  Retention  or  i<u|>[)rc8i!i(Mi 
of  a  natural  evacuation — as  of  the  mensi-s. 

ISCHOCHOL'IA,  from  i<T\:a»,  'I  arrest.'  and 
Xo^n,  'bile.'  lictin'tio  hilis.  Retention  or  sup- 
pression of  the  biliarv  secretion. 

ISCHOCOILIA,  Consiipntion. 

ISCHOCOPRIA,  Constipation. 

ISC110(}ALAC'T[A.  Heten' t  io  l„ctis,{ym\  la^ui, 
and  ■ya\a.  'milk.'     Want  of  milk  in  tlie  niaiiiiiiH'. 

ISCIIOLOCII'IA  or  Jscholochi',,,  l.„rhi,..'rhr. 
sis,  Snpfjres'sio  lovhio' mm,  from  (o-;^u),  '  I  restrain,' 
and  Xo^tia,  '  the  lochial  discharge.'  Jtriin'tin 
luehio'rnin.  Sniipression  of  the  lochial  discharge. 
ISCHOMENIA.  Amenotrlia.a. 
ISCHONEURALGIA,  Neuralgia  feraoro-pop- 
lita;a. 

ISCFIOPHONIA.  Balbuties. 
ISCHOSPER'MIA,  from  lax'o,  '  I  retain,' and 
aitCfifia,    'sperm;'     Sem'iiiis    reten'tio.     Pietentiuu 
or  suppression  of  the  spermatic  secretion. 

ISCIIURET'IC,  hchiiret'iciim.  Same  etymon 
as  the  next.  A  medicine  for  relieving  suppression 
of  urine.     A  diuretic. 

ISCHU'RIA,  Uri'iifp  suppves'sio,  Stoppage  of 
urine,  Snppres'sio  lo'tii,  J'arii'ria  retentio'iiis  ; 
from  tax'^,  '1  arrest,'  '  t  retain,'  and  oupoi/,  '  urine.' 
Retention  of,  or  impossibility  of  disch.irging,  the 
urine, yl»»;v);-;7(^(; — Piorry.  Often  restricted  tosuj)- 
pression  of  the  secretion,  Jieiiid  fschiiria,  Anii'riii, 
An  lire' sin,  Nephrnnii' ria,  Aniirocrinie. — Piorry. 

Ischuria  Vera  is  thatin  which  the  urine,  having 
accumulated  in  the  bladder,  the  itatient  is  unsihlo 
to  pass  it,  notwithstanding  the  inclination  which 
constantly  distresses  him.  In  false  ischuria,  Pa- 
rii'ria  inops,  P.  retentio'nis  rena'lis,  Ischnri'i 
iiotha  sou  spu'ria,  of  some,  (F.)  Suppression 
d' Urine,  owing  to  some  disease  of  the  kidney  or 
ureter.s,  the  urine  cannot  reach  the  bladder. 

Ischuria  has  likewise  received  various  other 
names,  according  to  the  scat  and  character  of 
the  obstacle  which  opposes  the  exit  of  the  urine: 
hence  the  expressions — Renal,  Ureteric,  Vesical, 
Urethral,  and  Calcnlons  [schnria.  Vesiral  Isvhn. 
ria  is  generally  used  synonymously  with  llelcu- 
tion  of  Urine,  which  see. 

Ischuria  Cysto-piilkomatica,  Cystirrlioea  — 
i.  Phimosica,  see  Phimosicus — i.  Spasnioilica,  Cy?- 
tospasinus — i.  Spuria,  see  Ischuria — i.  Uretliralis 
a  phimosi,  see  Phimosicus — i.  Vera,  see  I.'^churia 
— i.  Vesicalis,  Retention  of  urine. 

ISICIUM.     I'sicos,     Insic"iHm,     Tomac'uhim, 
Tom'aclnm,     Tomac'innm.       A    kind   of  sausage, 
forme<l  of  mixed  meat  and  spices. 
ISINGLASS,  Ichthyocolla. 
ISm,  Elixir. 

ISIS  NOB  1  LIS,  see  Coral. 
ISLAND  OF  REIL,  Insula  cerebri. 
ISLE    OP    WIGHT,    CLIMATE    OF.     This 
beautiful   island  is  a  favourable   summer  retreat 
for  invalds.     UnderclifT   is   the   situation  chosi'n 
as  a  winter  residence  for  phthisical  vali'tuiliii:i- 
rians.     Cowes,   Niton,    Sandown.   Shankliii,   and 
Ryile,  are  delightful  sn'nmer  residences. 
'ISNARDIA  PALUSTRIS,  Ludvvigiapalustr;.<. 
ISOCII'RONOUS,  Isoch'ronns.  hochroH'l,,'. 
Tsod' romns,  from  i&oi;,  'equal,'  and  Xiiovni.  '  tiitie.' 
That  which   takes  j)laco  in  the  same  time,  or  in 
equal  times.     The  t)uisations  of  the  arteries,  in 
various  iiarts  of  the  body,  are  nearly  isochronons. 
ISOCH'RYSON,  Anro  compar  ;  from  tnuf, 
'equal,'    and    ;\;p«fOf,    'gold.'     A    collyrium,   He- 
scribed    by   Galen   as   worth   its   weiglit   in    gold. 
Libavius  has  also  given  this  name  to  an  amal- 
gam,   made   with   e((ual    parts    of  antimony  ami 
mercury. 

ISOC'RATES,  from  laog,  'equal,'  and  kpotik, 
'strength.'  A  mixture  of  equal  parts  of  wine  aud 
water. — Hippocrates. 


ISODROMUS 


513 


IVROGNERIE 


ISODllOMUS,  Isochronous. 

ISOf-nsiNK,  gee  ['oly^ala  senega. 

ISOM'KlirC,  fsoiiier'iciiH,  fnoiii'eniK,  horn  re' run, 
Inom'orim,  from  iffof,  'equal,'  and  ixijioi,  'part.' 
An  e[iitliet  ai)|)lieil  to  diflerent  bodies  which 
agree  in  compossition,  l)ut  differ  in  properties. 
Tlie  conditiiin  is  termed  hotu'erism. 

LSOMERISM,  see  Isomeric. 

ISOMORPHISM,  see  Isomorphous. 

ISO.M 0 11' 1' HOI'S,  Ixomor' phan,  fnomor'phi'ciis, 
from  iffof,  'C'luai,'  and  itoipjiri,  'form.'  An  epilh1;t 
applied  to  different  bodies  which  have  the  same 
crystalline  form.  The  condition  is  called  leo- 
morpli'iiin. 

ISONAXDRA  GUTTA,  see  Gutta  percha. 

ISOPATIITA,  Jnop'dihi/,  from  lo-oj,  'equal,' 
and  JTdflof,  'disease.'  Tliis  term  has  been  used 
by  some  of  the  German  writers  to  signify  the 
cure  of  diseases  by  the  disease  itself,  or  its  pro- 
ducts;—  under  the  hypothesis,  that  every  conta- 
gious disease  contains  in  its  contagious  matter 
the  moans  for  its  cure  ;  —  thus,  that  variola  may 
be  cured  by  homnoopathic  doses  of  variolous 
matter;  syphilis,  with  venereal  matter,  &c.,  &c. 
Others  have  given  to  isopathy  another  form  ;  — 
maintaining,  that  every  diseased  organ  has  its 
remedy  in  the  same  organ, — that  eating  liver,  for 
e.xami)Ie,  will  remove  disease  of  the  liver! 

Isopathia  has  been  used  by  an  American  writer 
—  Dr.  J.  M.  B.  Harden,  of  Georgia  —  to  mean 
"ParnUelism  of  Dineanei ;"  "the  disposition  of 
diseases  to  'anastomose  with  each  other,'  or  to 
wear  each  other's  livery." 

ISSUE,  Fonticulus  —  i.  Peas,  Aurantia  curas- 
saventia,  see  Fonticulus. 

ISTIIMK  DU  G  OSIER,  Isthmus  of  the  fauces. 

ISTHMION,  Isthmus,  Pharynx. 

ISTIIMI'TIS,  [iijhiinma'tio'Fau'cuim  seu  Pa- 
la'ti,  AiKji'iin  Hiniplcv  seu  mitis^  seu  fnn'ciiim, 
Angor  fiiu'cinm,  Cj/nan'vfie  simplex,  (F.)  Aiii/iiie 
simple,  from  isthmus,  and  itis,  denoting  inflam- 
mation. Inflammation  of  the  isthmus  faucium, 
and  of  the  fauces.  See  Cynanche  pharyngea, 
and  Angina. 

ISTllMIUM,  Isthmus. 

ISTIIMOCATAR'RIIUS;  from  icOiiog,  'the 
fauces,'  and  Karapjjuoi,  '  catarrh.'  Catarrh  of  the 
fauces. 

ISTHMODYN'IA,  from  ladiAOf.  'the  fauces,' 
and  oSvfii,  'pain.'     Pain  in  the  fauces. 

ISTIIMOPLE'GIA;  from  laOfto^-,  'the  fauces,' 
and  nXiiyii,  'a  stroke.'     Paralysis  of  the  fauces. 

ISTIIMOS,  Pharynx. 

ISTIlMOTYPHlis,  Cynanche  maligna. 

ISTHMUS,  hth'mio,,,  Isth'miitm,  (F.)  Islhme. 
A  tongue  of  land  joining  a  peninsula  to  a  conti- 
nent, or  which  separates  two  seas.  Anatomists 
have  given  the  name  fxlhmiis  of  the  Fauces,  I. 
Fau'ciiiin,  Clniistntm  Giit'tiiris,  (F.)  hl/niie  c/ii 
gosier,  to  the  strait  which  separates  the  mouth 
from  the  pharynx.  It  is  formed  above  by  the 
velum  palati  and  uvula;  at  the  sides,  by  the  pil- 
lars of  the  fauces  and  the  tonsils ;  and  below,  by 
the  base  of  the  tongue.     Also,  the  Fauces. 

IsTn.Mi's  OF  THK  Enckpii'alok.  The  narrowed 
and  constricted  portion  of  the  encephalic  mass, 
situate  between  the  cerebrum,  the  cerebellum  and 
the  medulla  oblongata,  which  corresponds  to  the 
free  margin  of  the  tentorium  cerebelli,  and  com- 
prises the  pons  varolii,  and  middle  peduncles  of 
the  cerebellum,  the  peduncles  of  the  cerebrum, 
the  tabereula  quadrigemina,  the  superior  pedun- 
cles of  the  cerebellum,  and  the  valve  of  Vieus- 
sens. — Cruveilhier. 

IsTinirs  OF  THK  Fossa  OvA'i-ts:  Isthmus  Vieus- 
ten'n,  Stri(/n  cdrtllin/ijio'sd  corih's,  is  the  promi- 
nent arch  formed  above  the  fossa  ovalis  by  the 
union  of  the  two  pillars  which  bound  the  cavity. 
33 


LsTHMus  OP  THE  Thyroid  Glaxd  is  a  narrow 
band  that  unites  the  two  chief  lobules  composing 
the  thyroid  gland. 

Isthmus  Hkpatis,  see  Lobulus  nnonymus  —  i. 
Urethrye,  see  Urethra  —  i.  Uteri,  see  Uterus  —  i. 
Vieussenii,  Isthmus  of  the  fossa  ovalis,  see  Ovalis 
fossa. 

ITALIAN  JUICE,  Estractum  glycyrrhizse. 

ITAUICUS  MORBUS.  Syphilis. 

ITCH,  Psora — i.  Animalcule,  see  Psora — i.  of 
Animals,  Scabies  ferina. 

Itch,  Bakers',  see  Psoriasis — i.  Barbers',  Sy- 
cosis— i.  Bricklayers',  Eczema  impetiginodes. 

Itch,  Cowpox.  A  cutaneous  eruption,  ob- 
served and  described  by  Gfilis,  which  appeared 
after  the  fourteenth  day  from  vaccination,  and 
consisted  of  isolated  vesicles,  often  filled  with  a 
puriform  fluid. 

Itch,  Drunkards',  Psora  ebriorum  —  i.  Gro- 
cers', see  Psoriasis. 

Itch  Insect,  see  Psora — i.  Mite,  see  Psora. 

Itch,  Venereal,  Scherlievo. 

Itch  Wkkd,  Veratrum  viride. 

ITCHING,  Pnrrip'sis  pruri'tus,  Aufal'f/in  prii- 
rirjlno'sn,  Pruri'tns,  Pruri'r/o,  Ciiesmos,  Ciiesma, 
(Sc.)  Youlc,  Yuke,  (F.)  Prurit.  Demanf/enisnii. 
A  sensation,  more  inconvenient  than  painful, 
seated  especially  at  the  surface  of  the  body,  which 
provokes  the  patient  to  scratch  the  part.  It  may 
bo  either  an  external  or  an  internal  sensation  : 
that  is,  produced  by  an  externnl  body,  or  by  some 
modification  in  the  organic  actions  of  the  part  to 
which  it  is  referred. 

ITEA,  Salix. 

ITER  A  TERTIO  AD  QUARTUM  YEN- 
TRICULUM,  Aquwductus  Sylvii— i.  Dentis,  see 
Gubernaculuin  dentis  —  i.  Femineum,  Perinajum 
—  i.  ad  Infundibulum,  Vulva  —  i.  a  Piilato  ad 
Aurem,  Eustachian  tube  —  i.  ad  Qunrtum  ventri- 
culum,  Aquii'duotus  Sylvii — i.  ad  Tertinm  ventri- 
culum.  Vulva — i.  Urina,  Urethra — i.  Urinarium, 
Urethra. 

ITHYPIIAL'LUS,  from  iSv;.  'straight,'  and 
ipaWos,  'penis.'  An  amulet,  in  the  form  of  an 
erect  penis,  anciently  worn  round  the  neck,  to 
which  were  attributed  alexiterial  properties. 

ITINERARIUM,  Conductor,  Director. 

ITIS,  from  irns,  'bold,'  'rash,' [?].  A  sufB.t 
denoting  inflammation  ; — as  enccpbaliViV,  inflam- 
mation of  the  encephalon  ;  —  Plcnritis,  inflam- 
mation of  the  pleura.  According  to  some,  as 
Kraus,  encephabV/s,  for  example,  was,  with  the 
ancients,  the  adjective  agreeing  with  voaos,  'a 
disease,'  understood  to  express  a  disease  of  the 
encephalon,  and  it  was  only  in  modern  times,  that 
the  suffix  was  used  to  denote  inflammation. 

IVA,  Teucrium  iva  —  i.  Arthritiea,  Teucriura 
chammpitys — i.  Moschata  Monspeliensiura,  Teu- 
crium iva — i.  Pecanga,  Smilax  sarsaparilla. 

IVETTE  MUSQUEE,  Teucrium  iva  — ».  Pe- 
tile,  Teucrium  chamajpitys. 

IVOriiE,  Ivory. 

IVORY,  Ebar,  El'eplias,  (F.)  L-oire.  The  tusk 
of  the  elephant.  It  is  chiefly  composed  of  phos- 
phate of  lime,  and  is  used  for  the  fabrication  of 
pessaries,  artificial  teeth,  handles  of  instruments, 
&c.  Formerly,  when  calcined  to  whiteness,  it 
entered  into  some  pharmaceutical  preparations. 
It  was  regarded  as  astringent  and  anthelmintic, 
and  was  called  Spo'dinm. 

'The  (leiitine  is  the  ivory  of  the  human  tooth. 
See  Tooth. 

IvoRV,  Black,  see  Carbo  animalis  —  i.  Vege- 
table, Phytelephas  niacrocarpa. 

IVRAIE.  Lolium  temulentnm. 

IVRESSE,  Tcmulentia — i'.  lodiqne,  see  Iodine 
— i.  Quiulqne,  Quininisin. 

IVROGNERIE,  see  Teraulentia. 


IVY 


514 


JATROPIIA   MANIIIOT 


ivy,  Iledera  helix,  Kalmia  angustifolia  —  i. 
Amurican,  Ampelopsis  quinquefolia — i.  Bi>;,  Kal- 
mia  latifolia — i.  Fine-leaveil,  Ampelopsis  quin- 
quefiiiia — i.  Ground,  Glecoiua  lieJeracoa. 

IXIA,  Vaiix,  Viscuin  album. 

IXiXE,  Atractylus  gummil'cra. 

IX I R,  Elixir. 

IXOrf,  Yiscum  album. 


IXUS,  (laliunn  aparino. 

IXYOMYElil'TIS,  from  ifuf,  '  the  lumbar  re- 
gion,' fiutXof,  '  marrow,' and  »//»,  denoting  iiifliiiii- 
mation.  Iiiflammatiua  uf  the  spinal  marrow  ia 
the  lumbar  region. 

IXYS,  i^vi,  Ir'yrt,  Tx'x/e.  Used  hy  difTeront 
authors  for  the  ilia,  ilank^j,  and  loins;  most  fre- 
quently for  tho  last. 


J. 


JA7?0r,  Ingluvies. 
JACA  INUICA,  Thymus  mastichina. 
JACEA,  Tricolor,  Viola  Tricolor — ^j.  Ramosis- 
sima,  Centaurea  calcitrapa. 

JACENS.  Sick. 

JACK  OF  THE  BUTTERY,  Sedura  acre— j. 
in  the  Hedge,  Alliaria. 

JACKET,  BARK.  A  jacket  of  flannel  or  cot- 
ton in  which  powdered  bark  is  quilted.  It  is 
occasionally  worn  as  an  antiperiodic  and  tonic. 

JACKSON'S  BATHING  SPIRITS,  Linimen- 
tum  saponis  compositura. 

JACOB^A,  Senecio  Jacobaja. 

J  AGO  BEE,  Senecio  Jacobaja. 

JACOB'S  COAT,  Tunica  Jacobi— j.'s  Ladder, 
false,  Polemonium  reptans — j.'s  Membrane,  Tu- 
nica Jacobi — j.'s  Ulcer,  Lupus. 

JACOBSON,  VENOUS  SYSTEM  OF,  see  Ve- 
nou.s  system. 

JACOBSON'S  ANASTOMOSIS,  see  Petrosal 
ganglion. 

JACTA'TION,  Jacli'ta'ti'on,  Jactn'tio,Jacfa'ttin, 
J{hiptiin'iiios,  Jiictitri'tii),  from  jiutare,  'to  to-^ss 
about.'  Extreme  anxiety;  excessive  restlessness; 
— a  symptom  observed  in  serious  diseases. 

JACTITATIO,  Inquietude,  Jactation. 

JADE  NEPHRITE  ou  ORIEXTALE,  Ne- 
phreticus  lapis. 

JAGGERY,  Spirit  Arrack,  see  Toddy. 

JAG  RE,  see  Tari. 

JALAP,  C<involvulus  jalapa,  Phytolacca  de- 
candra — j.  Bhtxc,  Convolvulus  meehoacan — j. 
Cancer  root,  Phytolacca  decnndra — j.  Fusiform, 
light  male,  see  Convolvulus  jalapa — ^j.  Wild,  Con- 
volvulus panduratus. 

JALAPA,  Convolvulus  jalapa. 

JALAPINE,  see  Convolvulus  jalapa. 

JALAPIUM,  see  Convolvulus  jalapa. 

JA  LAPPA,  Convolvulus  jalapa — ^j.  Alba,  Con- 
A'olvulus  meehoacan. 

J  ALE  YR  AC,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  waters  are  situate  two  leagues  frotn  Mau- 
riac,  in  France,  on  the  road  from  Clermont  in 
Auvergne.  Tlie  waters  contain  lime  and  carbo- 
nate of  soda,  and  are  esteemed  to  be  tonic,  ape- 
rient, Ac. 

JALOPA,  Convolvulus  jalapa. 

JAMAICA,  see  West  Indies — j.  Bark  tree, 
Eursera  gummifera. 

JAMAICINE,  see  Geoffrfea  inermis. 

JAMBES  DE  BARBADE,  see  Elephantiasis 
— j.  du  Cervelet,  Corpora  restiformia. 

JAJIBIER,  Tibial— _/.  Anterieiir,  Tibialis  an- 
ticus — j.  Grele,  Plantar  muscle — j.  Poaterieur, 
Tibialis  posticus. 

JAMES'S  ANALEPTIC  PILLS,  see  Ana- 
leptics. 

JAMESTOWN  WEED.  Datura  stramonium. 

JANAMUNDA,  Geum  urbanum. 

JANDERS,  Icterus. 


JA'NICEPS,  from  JnnxiK,  a  divinity  with  two 
faces,  and  caput,  'head.'  A  double  monster,  the 
two  bodies  intimately  united  above  a  couniion 
umbilicus;  and  a  double  head,  with  the  faces 
Looking  in  opposite  directions.— I.  G.  St.  Hilaire. 

JANIPHA  MANIHOT,  Jatropha  manihut. 

JANITOR,  Pvlorus. 

JANITRIX,  Porta  vena. 

J  ANON-  TARENTISME,  Tarantismus. 

JANUS,  Dicephalus. 

JAQVIER,  Artocarpus. 

JAR  RET,  Poples. 

JAR RETIICR,  Poplitseus  muscle.  Hamstring. 

JARRETIERE  (F.),  Peris'celis,  a  garter, 
from  gnretinn  or  yanelnin,  in  low  Latin,  the  ham. 
A  kind  of  furfuraceous  herpes,  wiiich  occupies 
the  part  of  the  leg  where  the  garter  is  worn. 

jASMIN,  Jasminum  officinale. 

JASMINUM  ARABICUM,  CofFea  Arabum. 

Jas'minum  Officina'le,  Jnmni II iim,JcKem' ilium, 
the  Jca'samiiie,  (F.)  JnHiiiin.  Old.  JasinineiC. 
The  flowers  of  this  beautiful  plant  have  a  very 
fragrant  smell,  and  a  bitter  taste.  They  afl'ord, 
by  distillation,  an  essential  oil;  which  is  much 
esteemed  in  Italy,  for  rubbing  paralytic  limbs, 
and  in  the  cure  of  rheumatic  pains. 

JASPER,  Jaspis. 

JASPIS,  JdKper.  A  precious  stone,  supposed 
by  the  ancients  to  be  capable  of  arresting  Lemor- 
rhage  when  worn  as  an  amulet. 

JATAMANSI,  Sumbul. 

JAT'ROPHA  CURCAS,  (from  lao^ai,  'I  hen!,' 
and  Tpt^o),  'I  nourish.')  J{ic"iuiiii  major,  Riel- 
noi'des,  Pi'iieiis  sen  Citrcna  pttryniix,  Piiilin'iies 
hi'dici,  Fabn  culhar'tiea,  Avella'ua  cathur'lien, 
Nux  cathar'tica  America'nrt  seu  Bnrhiiden'H\n, 
Phijnic  Nat,  (F.)  Pii/iion  d'fiide,  Midicinier  <•«- 
tluirtiqiie.  Grand  haricot  de  P6rou,  Piynon  de 
Barbaric,  Noix  cathartique,  N.  Aiiiericaiiie  ou 
des  Barhadcs.  Nat.  Order,  Euphorbiaceip.  The 
seeds  of  this  plant  afford  a  quantity  of  oil,  given, 
in  many  places,  like  the  castor  oil ;  to  which,  in- 
deed, it  is  nearly  allied.  They  contain  a  peculiar 
acid,  the  Jatropln'c  or  ff/amiric. 

The  seeds  of  Jatuopha  Multtf'ida  are  called 
Pur<iinci  Nuts,  and  give  out  a  similar  oil. 

Jatuopha  Elastica,  see  Caoutchouc. 

Jatropha  Man'ihot,  Jan'ipha  Man'ihot,  Mnn- 
ihot  HtHiHi'ima,  Bitter  Casna'va.  The  plant  af- 
fording the  Uaisa'da  or  Ctiino'vrt  Root,  Vncn'vi, 
Vassa've,  Cazabi,  Pain  de  Madagancar,  Rlc''iiius 
Minor,  Man'ioc,  ^fandil>c,  Marjnoc,  Mnniot,  Yucca, 
Matiiibar,  Aipi,  Aipima  cojrera,  Aipipocn,  Jani- 
pha.  The  juice  of  the  root  is  extremely  acriil 
and  poisonous.  What  remains,  after  expressing 
it,  is  made  into  cakes  or  meal  ;  of  which  the  cas- 
sada  or  cassava  bread  is  formed.  This  bread 
constitutes  a  principal  food  of  the  inhabitants  of 
those  parts  where  it  grows. 

The  feeula  of  the  root  forms  Tapioca,  Cipipn, 
Fec'ula  Tapio'ka,  Am'ylum  manilwt'icum,  which 


JAUNDERS 


515 


JUGALIS 


18  very  nutritious.  It  may  be  prepared  in  the 
BUtne  manner  as  siigo. 

A  factitious  Tapiofa  is  met  with  in  the  shops, 
which  is  in  very  small,  smooth,  spherical  grains, 
and  is  supposed  to  be  prepared  from  potato  starch. 
It  is  sold  under  the  name  jjearl  tapioca. 

.Tathopha  UiiKxs.  A  most  deadly  plant.  The 
touch  of  its  five  bristly  stings  had  nearly  cost 
Mr.  Smith,  the  curator  of  Kew  gardens,  his  life. 

JAUNDERS,  Icterus. 

JAUNDICE,  Icterus  — j.  Black,  Melaena— j. 
Green,  Icterus  viridis — j.  Lead,  Icterus  satur- 
ninus — j.  Red,  Phenigmus. 

J  MINE,  Yellow— y.  d'CEuf,  see  Ovum. 

J  A  UNISSR,  Icterus. 

JAW  RONE,  Maxillary  Bone. 

JAW-DISEASE,  PIIOSl'HORUS,  see  Phos- 
phorus. 

JEAN-DE-fiLAINES,  ST.,  MINERAL  WA- 
TERS OF.  These  waters  are  situate  two  leagues 
from  Rillom  in  Auvcrgne.  They  contain  chlo- 
ride of  calcium,  and  carbonate  of  m.agnesia;  dis- 
solved in  an  excess  of  carbonic  acid. 

JEANNETTE,  Narcissus  pseudonarcissus. 

JECINUS,  Liver. 

JECORMRE,  Hepatic. 

JECORAL,  Hepatic. 

JECORARIA.  Marchantia  polymorphia. 

JECORARIUS,  Ilepateros,  Hepatic. 

JECORTS  VOMICA,  see  Hepatitis. 

JECTIGA'TIO.  A  word  used  by  Van  Helmont 
for  a  species  of  epilepsy  or  convulsion. 

JECUR,  Liver — j.  Uterinum,  Placenta. 

JEFFERSO'NIA  BARTO'NI,  J.  mphyl'la, 
Common  Twinfenf,  Yellow  Root,  Rhei(vlatinm 
Jlnot,  Helmet  Pod,  Ground  Sipiirrel  Pen.  An 
indigenous  jilant,  belonging  to  Nat.  Ord.  Berbe- 
rideie,  Si-.r.  Si/nt.  Octiindria  Monogynia  ;  which 
possesses  medical  properties  analogous  to  those 
of  hvdrastis. 

JEJUNITAS,  Hunger. 

JEJUNI'TIS;  a  term  of  hybrid  formation,— 
from  .TcJHiiiim,  'the  intestine  jejunum,' and  itin, 
a  suffix  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  the  ieiiinum. 

JEJUNIUM,  Hunger,  Fasting. 

JEJU'NUM,  from  jejiniiiK,  'empty:'  Neitiit, 
vnariq.  Nenli'a.  The  part  of  the  small  intestine 
comprised  between  the  duodenum  and  ileum.  It 
has  been  so  called,  because  it  is  almost  always 
found  empty  in  the  dead  body. 

JELLY,  "Gelly—j.  of  the  Cord,  Gelatin  of 
Wharton — j.  Rice,  see  Oryza — j.  Water,  Bra- 
senin  hydropeltis. 

JENEPERE.  .Tuniperus  communis. 

JENKINSONIA  ANTIDYSENTERICA,  Pe- 
larsronium  antidysentericum. 

JERtiON.  see  Arrow-poison. 

JERKING  RESPIRATION,  Respiration, 
jerking. 

JERKS,  see  Mania,  dancing. 

JEROFFLERTS.  Dianthus'caryophvllus. 

JERSEY,  CLIMATE  OF.  Jersey  is  the 
largest  of  the  islands  of  the  British  Channel,  and 
is  most  frequented  by  invalids.  Its  climate 
closely  resembles  that  of  the  south-west  coast 
of  England,  and  especially  of  Penzance,  and  it  is 
ailiipted  to  the  same  class  of  invalids. 

JERUSALEM  OAK  OF  AMERICA,  Cheno- 
podium  anthclminticum. 

JRSKMTNUM,  Jasminnm  oflRcinale. 

.TESSA!\[rNE.  .Tasminum  officinale — j.  Yellow, 
Gel<i'niirium  nitidiim. 

JETirUCU.  Batata  de  purga. 

JErNES\'E.  Adolescence. 

JEWBUSTL  Pedilanthus  tithymaloi  l^s. 

JEWEL  WEED,  Impatiens  balsauiina. 


JEW'S  EAR,  Peziza  auricula  —  j.  Harp,  Tril- 
lium Intifolium. 

JIGGER,  Chique. 

JIMPSON  WEED,  Datura  stramonium. 

JIMSTON  AVEED,  Datura  stramonium. 

JIZZEX-BED,  see  Parturition. 

JOANNESIA  PRINCEPS,  Anda. 

JOANNETTE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Several  springs  are  found  at  Joannette,  about 
five  leagues  from  Angers,  in  France.  The  waters 
are  both  cold  and  warm,  and  contain  sulphate  of 
lime;  subcarbonate  of  soda  :  chloride  of  sodium; 
some  iron  ;  chloride  of  calcium,  and,  sometimes, 
a  kind  of  saponaceous  matter.  They  arc  chiefly 
used  as  a  tonic  in  chlorosis,  leueorrhoea,  &c. 

JOE  PYE,  Eupatoriura  perfoliatum,  and  E. 
purpureum. 

JOHNE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  Johne 
is  a  village  near  Dol  in  Francbe-Comte,  France, 
where  is  a  mineral  spring,  which  contains  sub- 
carbonate  of  soda,  and  subcarbonates  of  majrne- 
sia  and  iron.  It  is  used  chiefly  as  a  bath  in 
certain  diseases  of  the  skin,  and  in  atonic  affec- 
tions. 

JOINT,  Articulation— i.  Ball  and  Socket.  En- 
arthrosis — j.  Dove-tail,  Suture — j.  Stifi",  Anky- 
losis. 

JONAS.  Icterus. 

Jonas,  Mineral  Watehs  of.  This  spring  is 
situate  to  the  south-west  of  Bourbon-l'Archam- 
bault,  in  France.  The  waters  contain  chloride 
of  calcium  and  sulphate  of  lime;  chbiride  of 
sodium,  and  sulphate  of  soda :  carbimate  of 
iron,  and  carbonic  acid  gas.  Thej'  are  tonic  and 
aperient. 

JORDAN'S  WHITE  SULPHUR  SPRINGS. 
These  are  in  Virginia,  five  or  six  miles  from  Win- 
chester. They  are  used  in  the  same  cases  as  sul- 
phureous springs  in  general. 

JOT-GUT,  Rectum. 

JOUAN,  ST.,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  St. 
Jouan  is  a  villngc.  neiir  Snint-Malo,  in  France. 
The  water  is  a  cold  chalybeate. 

JOUPARPE  ACRE,  Sednm— /.  des  Toits, 
Senipervivum  tectorum — j.  des  Viijnes,  Sedum 
telepliium. 

jnUE.  Genu. 

JOULOS.  Julus. 

JOUR.  Dies. 

JOURS  CANTCULATRE.^,  Dog  days—./. 
Critiques,  Critical  days  —  /.  fiidirafenrs.  Indi- 
cating days  —  /.  Pnroxyntiqnen,  see  Paroxynt.ic. 

JOVIS  FLOS,  Crocus— j.  Glans.  Juglans. 

JUCATO  CALLELOE,  Phytolacca  decandra. 

JUDy?5'US,  Jnda'iciis  sen  Plieenici'ten  Lapis, 
Terol'ilhos,  (F.)  Pierre  Jndaique.  A  stone, 
f)und  in  Judrea,  Palestine,  <fee.  CaJled,  also, 
LapiK  Si/riarnn.  It  was  formerly  esteemed  to  be 
diuretic  and  lithontriptie. 

JUDGMENT,  J,idic"i,im,  (Y.)  Juqcment.  The 
faculty  of  the  intellect,  by  which  ideas  are  com- 
pared with  each  other,  and  their  relative  worth 
appreciated. 

JUDICATORII  DIES,  Critical  days. 

JUDICIUM,  .Tudsrment. 

JUGA  ALVEOLARIA,  see  Alveolar  arches. 

Ju'ga  Crrrbra'i.ia.  Prominences  on  the  inner 
surface  of  the  hones  of  the  cranium,  between  the 
digital  impressions. 

JUGAL,  Zygomatic — j.  Process,  Zygomatic 
process. 

JiTGAi,  Rrgion,  Re'gio  Jtiga'Ua.  The  region 
of  the  cheek-bone. 

JUGALE  OS,  Mala>  os. 

JUGALIS.  Zygomatic. 

Ji'GALlS  Sl'Ttj'itA,  from  fwynv,  jnfjtim,  (from 
jiinr/ere,  junctum,  'to  join,')  'a  yoke.'  The 
suture  which  unites  the  Os  Malce  or  Os  Juga'U 


JUGEMENT 


516  JUNIPEKUS   COMMUNIS 


xrith  the  superior  maxillary  bone.  Also,  the 
sagittiil  suturo. 

JUGEMKST.  Judgment. 

JUGEOLINE,  Sesaimim  orientale. 

JUlJLANS,  BLACK.  J.  nigra. 

JuGLANS  Cixku'k.v  (t/i( -<//"»■(,  quasi  .Tort's g7 an n), 
Hatter  or  Oil  Nut,  White  \V<ilinil.  Ord.  Juglan- 
(laceae.  The  inner  bark  of  the  root  of  this  tree, 
Jiujlniis  (Ph.  U.  S.),  which  is  abundant  in  the 
United  States,  is  used  in  medicine,  in  the  form 
of  extract,  as  an  efficacious  and  mild  laxative,  in 
doses  of  from  10  to  20  grains.  It  is  in  the 
secondary  list  of  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United 
States. 

JuGI.ANS  Nigra,  Blad:  JiKjhmK,  Jil nrl- Walnut  ; 
indigenous.  The  rind  of  the  unripe  fruit  is  said 
to  remove  ringworm  and  tetter.  A  decoction  has 
been  given  as  an  antlielinintic. 

Jug  LANS  Kk'gia,  Jmjlans,  Niix  Jnglann,  Cnrya 
hnnil'ira,  Knpva,  Carya.  The  Wnlnnt,  French 
nut,  (F.)  Noijer,  the  tree  ;  Noi.r,  the  nut,  Kapvov, 
Cfir'i/nii.  The  unripe  fruit,  in  the  state  in  which 
it  is  pickled,  was  formerly  esteemed  to  be  anthel- 
mintic. The  piitamei)  or  green  rind  of  the  walnut 
has  been  celebrated  a?  a  powerful  antisyphilitic, 
.and  used  as  a  sort  of  diet  drink.  The  kernel  is 
an  agreeable  article  of  dessert;  but,  like  all  nuts, 
is  difficult  of  digestion.  The  expressed  oil.  Hiiile 
de  Ndix,  is  used  in  France  as  an  aliment,  and, 
like  other  fixed  oils,  is  laxative. 

Various  preparations  of  the  leaves  have  been 
recommended  in  scrofulous  affections. 

JUG'ULAR,  Jiuiiila'riK,  from  Jvgidum,  (itself 
from  jii;jiim,  because  the  'yoke'  was  attached 
there,)  'the  throat.'     Relating  to  the  throat. 

Jugular  Fossa,  Fomin  JiKjula'rix,  is  a  cavity 
in  the  prtro-occipitnl  suture.  It  is  formed  by  the 
petrous  portion  of  the  temporal  bone,  and  by  the 
occipital  bone,  and  lodges  the  origin  of  the  inter- 
nal jugular  vein.  It  is,  sometimes,  called  thimhlc- 
like  caniti/. 

Jugular  Veins,  VencB  Jugida'res  sen  uphngit'- 
■ides  seu  apnplec'tica:  seu  snprira'les.  These  are 
situate  at  the  lateral  and  anterior  parts  of  the 
neck.  They  are  two  on  each  side;  one  external, 
the  other  internal.  1.  The  External  .Iiirjidar 
Vein,  Ti-acheln-soiis-cutanee,  (Ch.)  is  of  less  size 
than  the  internal.  It  descends,  almost  vertically, 
along  the  anterior  and  lateral  part  of  the  neck, 
from  the  cervix  of  the  lower  jaw  to  the  subcla- 
vian.vein,  into  which  it  opens,  a  little  above  the 
internal  jugular.  It  is  formed  by  the  internal 
mnxillary,  xtiperfieial  temporal,  and  posterior  aii- 
rie.nhir  veins.  It  is  this  vein  which  is  commonly 
opened  in  bleeding  in  the  neck.  2.  The  Internal 
JiiCjidar  Vein,  V.  Cephalique  (Ch.),  Vena  apo- 
plec'tiea,  is  much  larger,  and  more  deeply  seated 
than  the  preceding.  It  descends,  vertically,  along 
the  anterior  and  lateral  part  of  the  neck,  from  the 
posterior  part  of  the  foramen  lacerum  posterius  as 
far  as  the  subclavian  vein.  It  commences  at  the 
iinua  of  the  jugidar  vein,  (F.)  Gnlfc  de  la  vcine 
jugulaire,  and  receives  the  blood,  which  returns 
by  the  sinus  of  the  dura  mater,  and  that  of  the 
faeial,  liiirpial,  pharijnr/eal,  superior  thyroid,  oc- 
cipital, and  diploic  veins. 

JUGULUM,  Clavicle,  Throat— j.  Uteri,  Collum 
uteri. 

JUOUM  PENIS,  Presse-nrlthre. 

JUICE.  EXPRESSED,  see  Succus. 

JU'JUBE,  Jii'juha,  Ziz'yphum,  BacccB  fujnhce, 
Jj.  Ziz'i/phi.  A  word  of  Arabic  origin.  The 
fruit  of  llhamnus  Ziz'yphus  seu  Ziz'yphus  vulr/n'- 
ris.  Ord.  Rhamnem.  A  native  of  the  south  of 
Europe.  It  was  formerly  ranked  amongst  the 
pectoral  fruits.  It  has  an  agreeable  sweet  taste. 
The  fruits  of  two  other  species  of  Zizyphus  —  Z. 
jujnhn,  Rhamuus  jujuha,  Mansana  arho'rea,  a 
native  of  the  East  Indie.=,  and  Z.  lotus,  Rhamnua 


lotus,  Zizyphus  nil'ida  seu  sati'va  seu  sylcea'lris 
growing  in  North  Africa,  possess  properties  simi- 
lar to  those  of  Zizyphus  vulgaris. 

JtijUBK  Pastk,  Paste  of  jujubes. 

JULAPIUM,  Julep — j.  Camphora?,  Mistura 
Camphor;e. 

JULEB,  Julep. 

JULEP,  Jula'pium,  Jule'pus,  Zula'pinm,  Ju- 
leb  of  the  Persians.  A  sweet  drink.  A  demul- 
cent, acidulous  or  mucilaginous  mixture. 

JuLUP,  Camphor.  Mistura  cain])horic— /  Cum- 
phre,  Mistura  canijihoric — j.  Chalk,  Mistura 
cretae — j.  Mint,  see  Mint  julep. 

JULUS,  JuloH,  loulos,  tovXuf.  The  first  down 
that  appears  upon  the  chin. — Rufus  of  Epbcsus. 

JUM,  Lolium  temulcntum. 

JUMBLE  BEADS,  sec  Abrus  precatorius. 

JILMEAU,  (Jemellus. 

JU.MEACX  DE  LA  JAMBE,  Gastrocncmii. 

JUMELLE,  Gemellus. 

JUMENTOUS    URINE,   Urine  jumcntcuse. 

JUMPERS,  see  CouvuUionnair'e. 

JUNCTURA,  Articulaticm. 

JUNCUS  ODORA'TUS,  from  jungcre,junctiim, 
'to  join,'  in  allusion  to  the  use  of  rushes  fur 
bands.  [?]  Andropo'gon  schwiian'thus  seu  bicor'- 
nis  seu  eitra'tus  seu  citriodo'rus,  Cymbopn'r/on 
8rh(xnan'thus,  Eo'num  cnmelo'rnm,  Jiniciis  nriniiul'. 
iciis,  Camel's  hay,  Sioeet  rush,  SehnfiKiu'tliiis, 
Schoenan'thum,  Sccenan'thum,  Cid'amus  odora'lKn, 
Sqninan'fhus,  Gramen  orieuta'le,  (F.)  Jonc  ado- 
rant,  Foin  de  chameau.  Ord.  Gramineae.  Tlie 
dried  plant,  which  is  generally  procured  froia 
Turkey  and  Arabia,  has  an  agreeable  smell,  nnd 
a  warm,  bitterish  taste.  It  was  formerly  used  as 
a  stomachic  and  deobstruent. 

JUNGLE  FEVER.  A  variety  of  remittent 
occurrins  in  the  junirlc  districts  of  India. 

JUNIPER  TRE[%  Juniperus  communis. 

JUNIP'ERUM  VINUM.  Wine  impregnated 
with  juniper  bctrics. 

JUNIP'ERUS  COMMU'NIS,/.  Saec"!ea,  Ar- 
ceii'lhos,  Jii'niper  tree  ;  Alcat'alis,  Aknt'ern,  (So.) 
Jenepere.  Family,  Coniferas.  Sex.  Syst.  Diceti.i 
Monadelphia.  The  berries,  Junip'erus  (Ph.  U. 
S.),  (Sc.)  Eatin-bcrries,  Etnayh-berrins,  are  or- 
dered in  the  pharmacopoeias.  Their  odour  is 
strong,  but  not  unpleasant.  Taste  warm,  pun- 
gent. Properties  dependent  upon  esseiitinl  oil, 
which  they  yield  to  both  water  and  alcohol. 
Dose,  J^j  to  ^^ss,  rubbed  with  sugar.  In  Hol- 
land, juniper  berries  are  used  for  flavouring 
gin.  The  oil,  O'leum  funip'cri,  possesses  the 
virtues  of  the  plant.  It  is  called,  by  Ruland, 
Targar.  (F.)  GenSvrier  (the  plant),  Gaiievre 
(the  berry). 

JuNiiM'.uus  LvriA.  This  plant — Thu'rcn,  Th. 
virga.  Arbor  thurif'era  —  has  been  supposed  to 
afford  the  true  frankincense,  Cedros  Olib'aiium, 
Thus  Libano'tos,  Libnno'tum,  Lih'anos,  Thus 
mas'ciduni.  Thus  veriim,  (F.)  Encens.  By  some, 
however,  it  is  supposed  to  be  the  produce  of  an 
Am'yris,  and  by  others  of  Boswel'lia  serra'tn,  or 
B.  thurif'era.  The  odour  of  olibanum  is  peculinr 
and  aromatic;  taste  bitterish  and  slightly  pun- 
gent; partly  soluble  in  alcohol,  and  forming  a 
milky  emulsion,  when  triturated  with  water.  It 
was  formerly  used  in  dysentery  and  ha2moi)tysis, 
but  is  now  never  employed  except  as  a  perfume 
in  a.  siek  room. 

JuNii'KRUs  OxyCF.'RRrs,  (F.)  Genfvrier  Oxyri- 
dre.  Cade,  Oxicedre,  Oxycedre,  grows  in  the 
south  of  Eurojie,  Siberia,  Ac.  By  combustion  nf 
the  wood,  a  liquid  tar,  O'leum  ea'dinum,  .hini)i^- 
eri  o'leum  empyreumat'iruin.  Oil  of  Cade,  It.) 
Huile  de  Cade  ou  de  Generrier,  is  obtained,  which 
is  employed  externally  in  various  chronic  cuta- 
neous and  other  diseases. 

Ju.N'U'ERUS  Sabi'.na,  Sabi'ua,  S.  ster'ilis,  Savi'- 


JUNK 


517 


KALIUM   lODATUM 


fi<i,  lirutft,  Cedrun  hnrrifern,  C'tmrnon  or  hnrren 
tnvin  ;  liratliii,  Knilliijs,  lid' riilhrmi,  Dn'mlhron, 
(F.)  Sdltine,  Stivinifi:  The  odour  of  pavin  tops, 
Siibi'iiii  of  the  pliartiiacopa'ia?,  is  strong  and  dis- 
ngrcoalile.  Taste  hot,  acrid,  and  bitter,  depend- 
in;;  on  an  opsonlial  oil.  Tiieir  operation  is  stimu- 
l;(nt,  eniinenafjoguo,  nntheluiintic,  and  abortive  ; 
externally,  cseharotic.  Dose,  internally,  gr.  v  to 
X  of  the  powder.  As  an  eseharotic,  they  are  ap- 
plied in  powder  or  formed  into  a  cerate.  The 
essential  oil,  O'lcnm  Suhi'nm  (Ph.  U.  S.),  has  the 
virtues  of  tlie  savine.     Dose,  two  to  five  drops. 

JrNii'Kurs  Si;i;<;icA,  J.  communis. 

JtrNli'KUiis  Virginia'na,  Red  cedar.  This  tree 
is  known  throughout  the  United  States  by  the 
name  of  narhir,  and  is  often  used  for  the  same 
purjioscs.  The  tops  and  leaves  are  officinal  in 
the  Pharmacopccia  of  the  United  States. 

JUNK,  P.ul. 

JUNO  liUCrNA,  Ilithyia. 

JUNO'S  TEARS,  Verbena  officinalis, 

JUPITER,  Tin. 

JUPITER'S  BEARD,  Sempervivnm  tectorum. 

JURIISALI,  Enrlbal!.  A  tree  in  the  forests 
of  Pomcroon.  F<im.  Meliaoeae.  Clnnn,  Octan- 
dria.  Nat.  Ovdrtv,  Monogynia.  The  bark  is 
febrifucre,  and  may  be  given  in  powder  or  infu- 
sion, (,^j  ad  oq.  bidllnit.  Oij.) 

JUIUSPRU'DENCE,  MEDTCAL,  from  Jus, 
jni-lK.  'law,'  and  /inidaiif!/!,  'knowledge.'  Jitns- 
jinulen'lia  Med'ica.  This  word  is  often  used 
pynoiiymously  with  Leijal  Medicine.  It  is  at 
tiu\es  employed  for  the  embodied  laws  and  regu- 
lations that  relate  to  the  teaching  and  practice 
of  ineclicine. 

JURY  OF  MATRONS.  A  jury  formed  of  wo- 
men empanelled  under  a  writ  de  ventre  imtpici- 
ciidn,  to  try  the  question,  whether  a  woman  is 
with  child  or  not. 

JUS,  Zdnidn.  Zomid'iinn,  Sin-hit"io,  Sor'hitum. 
Soup,  broth,  Jass'culum  or  huuillon. 


Jrs  BovTNiTji.  Beef-tea— j.  Coagulatum,  Gelly. 

JUS  D'HEHnES  (F.).  The  juice  of  ocrtain 
vegetables  administered  as  depuratives;  as  that 
of  fumitory,  burdock,  water  trefoil,  Ac. 

Jus  Jei.ati-m,  Gelly — j.  de  lifi/linse,  see  Gly- 
cyrrhiza  —  /.  de  Virnide,  see  Bouillon. 

JUSCULUM,  see  Jus. 

J  USEE  (F.).  An  aqueous  mneeratvm  of  tan, 
coarsely  powdered,  in  which  the  skins  of  animals 
have  been  steeped  for  a  time,  in  the  preparation 
of  leather.  An  e.xtraet  has  been  prepared  from 
this,  which  has  been  jirescribed  in  syrup  and  in 
pill  ;  each  pill  containing  about  a  grain  and  a  half 
of  the  extract;  and  two  being  taken  daily  in 
phthisis,  and  in  general  debility  connected  with 
scrofula  and  rickets. — Barruel. 

JUSQ  UIA  MINE.  Hy oscvamus. 

JUSQUIAMUS,  Hvoscyamus. 

JUSQ  UIA  UME,  Hyoscyamus. 

JUSTICIA  BIVALVIS,  Adulasso— j.  Adha- 
toda,  Adhatoda. 

JusTic"lA  Ecbol'ium,  Carim  cnrini.  A  Mala- 
bar plant,  the  root  of  which,  and  the  leaves,  in 
decoction,  are  considered  in  the  country  to  be 
lithontrijitic. 

JusTiciA  Pkctora'lis.  a  West  India  plant, 
which  is  slightly  astringent.  (F.)  Canuuntine, 
C.  Pcctorrde,  Jlerhe  on.r  U/inrpoitiers. 

JUVANS,  ]>\.  Jura  lit  id,  Aujcil'lntn,  Remed'inm. 
A  medicine  or  substance  of  any  kiud,  which  re- 
lieves a  disorder.     An  Adjuvant. 

JUVENIS,  Adolescens. 

JUVENTA,  Adoleacence,  Hebe. 

JU  VENT  AS,  Adolescence,  Hebe. 

JUVENTUS,  Adolescence,  Hebe. 

JUNTA  POSIT"ION,  J,u.tnposit"io,  from 
Jxjctd,  'near  to,'  and  poneie,  poeitiim,  '  to  jiiace.' 
The  mode  of  increase  proper  to  minerals  ;  which 
consists  in  the  successive  application  of  new 
molecules  upon  those  that  form  the  primitive 
nucleus.     It  is  opposed  to  intussusception. 


K. 


N,  B. — Must  of  the  terms  under  K,  derived  from  the  Greek,  are  found  under  the  letter  C. 


K.  This  letter  was  formerly  used  to  designate 
a  compound  of  gdd. 

K  A  AT  II,  Catechu. 

KAAWY.  Ancient  name  of  an  Indian  drink, 
prepared  from  maizo. 

KAHALA.  Cabal. 

K/EMPFERIA  GALANGA,  see  Maranta  ga- 
liiiign. 

K.empfk'ria  RoTrN'nA.  Called  after  Ka^mp- 
f>T,  the  naturalist.  Zedoa'rin.  Z.  nituit'da,  Amo'- 
uiiim  zedoa'rid,  Col'chicuin  Zei/lan' icum,  Curcu'- 
»i'<i  aroiiidt'icd,  Zed'oari/,  (F.)  Zcdonire  rond. 
Old.  Zingiberaceic.  The  roots  of  this  Ceylonese 
plant  have  a  fragant  smell,  and  warm,  bitterish, 
nroMiatic  taste.  They  are  in  wrinkled,  gray,  ash- 
coloiircd,  heavy,  firm,  short  pieces  ;  of  a  brown- 
ish-red colour  within  :  and  are  stimulant  and 
carminative.     Dose,  9j  to  ,^J  of  the  powder. 

According  to  some,  the  rainid  zedodii/  is  fur- 
nished by  (^iircunia  zcriimhet  ;  the  /any,  Zedoa'ria 
uiiiiia,  bv  Curcuma  zedoa'ria. 

KAIIINCE  RADIN,  Cainca?  radix. 
KAIl!,  K'lii/L     A  word  employed  by  the  alche- 
niistji  for  sour  and  coagulated  uiilk. 
KAJEPUT,  Cajeput. 


KAKERLAKTSM,  see  Albino. 

KAKOCHYMIA.  Cacochymia. 

KALI,  Potash.  Potnssa  —  k.  Acetas,  Potassaa 
acetas — k.  Aeratum,  Potassfe  carbonas  —  k.  Bi- 
chromicum,  Potassa>  bichromas  —  k.  Causticum, 
Potassa  fusa  —  k.  Causticum  cum  calce,  Potassa 
cum  calce — k.  Chloricum,  Potasste  murias  hyper- 
oxygenatus — k.  Chromicum  acidnm,  Potassic  bi- 
chromas— k.  Chromicum  flavum,  Potassa?  bichro- 
mas— k.  Chromicum  rubrum.  Potass.-B  bichromas 
—  k.  Chromicum  neutrale,  Potassa>  chromas  — 
k.  llydriodinicum,  see  Potassas  hydriodas  —  k. 
Inerinis,  see  Salsola  kali  —  k.  Nitricum,  Po- 
tassje  nitras — k.  Oxalicum  aeidulum,  Potassa,  ox- 
alate of — k.  Prajparatum,  PotnssiB  eubcarbonas 
— k.  Prreparatum  e  tartaro,  see  Potash — k.  Purum, 
Potassa  fusa  —  k.  Soda,  see  Snlsola  kali — k.  Spi- 
nosum  eochleatum,  Salsola  kali — k.  SubcarbonaiS, 
Potassre  subcarbonas  —  k.  Sulf)has,  Potassae  sul- 
phas— k.  Sulphuricum,  PotasssB  sulphas — k.  Sul- 
phiiretum,  Potassae  sulphuretum  —  k.  Tartariza- 
tum,  Potassas  tartras — k.  e  Tartaro,  see  Potiish — 
k.  Vitriolatnm,  Potassa'  sulphas. 

KAEICUM  HYDRAS,  Potassa  fusa. 

KALIUM  lODATUM,  see  Potassa;  hydriodas 


KALMIA   ANGUSTIFOLIA 


518  KIDNEY 


—  k.  lodatuin  Ilydrfirgyratum,   Potassii  hydrar- 
gvro-iodiilutn. 

■raLMIA  ANGUSTIFO'LIA.  Called  after 
Kalin,  the  botanist.  Ivy,  Nnrrmc-havcd  Kalmin 
or  Litiirel,  Dwarf  Litureh  Sliecp  Laurel.  Or<l. 
Ericaceae.  This  plant  has  the  same  virtues  as  K. 
laiifolia.  So  also  have  Kalmia  Cunea'ta  and 
Kai.jiia  Ilmsu'TA. 

Kalmia,  Bkoad  Leaved,  K.  latifoHa. 

Kalmia  Glauca,  Hwnnip  Laurel,  Pale  Laurel. 

Kalmia  Latifo'lia,  JJroad- leaved  Kalmia, 
Calico  hush,  Laurel,  Mouutain  or  Roue  or  Broad- 
leaved  Laurel,  Rig  Iry,  Spoouwood,  Lamhkill, 
Sheep-poison.  (F.)  Laurier  des  ifontagnea.  This 
plant  kills  sheep  and  other  animals.  The  Indians 
use  it  as  a  poison.  Tlie  powdered  leaves  have 
been  applied  successfully  in  tinea  cay)itis  ;  and  a 
decoction  of  it  has  been  used  for  the  itch.  The 
powder,  mixed  with  lard,  has  been  applied  in 
herpes. 

Kalmia,  Nauhow-leavrd,  K.  angustifolia. 

KALO,  Arum  esculentum. 

K.-VMEYLA.  see  Rottlera  tinctoria. 

KAMPHUR,  Camphor. 

KANKROID,  Cancroid. 

KAPHIIR,  Camphor. 

KARABH,  Asphnltum. 

KARABITUS,  Phrenitis. 

KA  R  OIXOSEX,  Carcinoses. 

KARENA,  Carena. 

KARKINOMA,  Carcinoma. 

KARSOX-KHAYI,  Sw!<;tenia  Ronegalensis. 

KASSADER.  Convolvulus  panduratus. 

KARSAUDER,  Convolvuluj  panduratus. 

KATASARCA,  Anasarca. 

KATASTALTICA,  Astringents. 

KAYA,  Ava. 

KAYIAC,  Caviare. 

RAWING,  Anhelatio. 

KAYL,  Kaib. 

KECKCORN,  Trachea. 

KECKER,  Trachea. 

KEEN-EITE,  see  Congelation. 

KEER,  Sorl)us  aeuparia. 

KEITA,  Monsonia  ovata. 

KELISj  see  Cancroid. 

KELKING,  Eructation. 

KELOID,  Cancroid. 

KELOTOMIA,  Celotomia. 

KELP,  Varec.  The  impure  mineral  alkali  ob- 
tained by  burning  certain  marine  plants.  See  Soda. 

KENCH,  S))niin. 

KENNELWORT,  Scrophularia  nodosa. 

KENTUCK'Y,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  The 
Olympian  Spriur/s,  Mudlick,  in  this  State,  are  near 
the  sources  of  Licking  river.  There  are  three 
different  kinds,  in  the  space  of  half  a  mile.  One 
of  them  is  saline,  impregnated  with  sulphur; — 
another  is  chalybeate,  and  a  third  a  sulpiiureous 
spring.  In  various  parts  of  Kentucky,  there  are 
saline  waters,  which  are  frequented  by  inva- 
lids. The  Salines  at  Bigbone,  formerly  em- 
ployed in  the  manufacture  of  salt,  are  now  re- 
sorted to.  A  spring,  near  llarrodsburg,  in  Mercer 
County,  is  strongly  impregnated  with  sulphate  of 
magnesia,  and  is  much  visited.  At  the  Blue  Licks 
on  both  banks  of  the  Licking  river,  there  are 
sulphureous  saline  waters. 

KERATIASIS,  Ceratiasis. 

KERATITIS.  Ceratitis. 

KERATOCELE.  Ceratocele. 

KEP.ATODEifTIS.  Ceratitis. 

KERATO-GLOSSUS.  Cerato-glossns. 

KERATO-IRITIS.  Aquo-mcmbranitis. 

KERATO-MALACIA,  Cerato-malacia. 

KERATONYXIS,  Ceratonv.xis. 

K E R A T O-P HARYNGEUS,  Cerato-pharyn- 
geus. 

KERATOPLASTY',  Ceratoplastice. 


KERATO-STAPIIYLINUS,  Ccrato-sfapliyli- 
nu,<i. 

KERATOTOMUS,  Ceratotomus,  Knife,  cata- 
ract. 

KERECTOMY,  Cercctomy. 

KERION,  see  Favosus. 

KERMES,  Chermei,  Alkerm'es.  One  of  the 
species  of  the  genus  kermes  lives  on  a  green  oak, 
and  is  called  Coccus  il'icis,  Kermes  nuiniol 
Cocci  granum,  Coccnm,  C.  haph'irum  ecu  iu/i('lii- 
riuni  seu  tincto'rum  seu  scarlali'nuui,  fie.  The 
oak,  to  which  allusion  has  been  made,  is  known 
by  botanists  under  the  name  Quercus  cocrif'ern, 
and  grows  abundantly  in  the  UTicultivated  lands 
of  southern  France,  Sjiain,  and  in  the  islands  of 
the  Grecian  Archipelago.  The  kermes  inlialiitiiii' 
it  has  the  appearance  of  a  sniiill,  si)hcrical,  iniini- 
inate  shell.  Its  colour  is  reddish-brown,  and  it 
is  covered  with  a  slightly  ash-coloured  dust. 
This  is  the  kermes  of  the  shops.  It  is  now  only 
used  in  dyeing;  but  was  formerly  reputed  to 
possess  aphrodisiac,  analeptic,  anti-abortive,  r.nd 
other  virtues. 

Kehmes  Mineral,  Antimonii  snlphnrctum  pra;- 
cipitatum  and  A.  sul)ihuretum  rubrum. 

KERNEL,  Tubercle. 

KERNELS,  AVA  XING,  see  Wa.xing  kernels. 

KERN-MILK,  Buttermilk. 

KERIJA.  Ricinus  communis. 

KETCHUP,  Catchup.  A  pickle  prepared  from 
the  li(|uor  of  the  mushroom,  walnut,  tonialo,  A-c. 

KETMIA  iEGYPTIACA,  Hibiscus  abeluios- 
chus. 

KEY,  Sax.  caes,  Clavis,  Ck-ix,  Cha-is  Au'glien, 
(F.)  Clef;  Clef  de  Garanijeot.  An  instruiiu'iit, 
used  for  extracting  teeth.  It  consists  of  a  linn 
handle,  with  a  claw  at  right  angles  to  it,  nnd 
moving  upon  a  pivot.  This  claw  embraces  the 
tooth.  It  has  undergone  several  modifications, 
and  hence  various  instruments  are  used  umlcr 
this  denomination.  The  French  have  the  Clef  H 
pompe,  Clef  a  pivot,  and  Clef  d  noix. 

KEYRICIIEIRL  Cheiranthus  cheiri. 

KHALA  MIMUC,  Bit  noben. 

KHAYA  SENEGALENSIS,  Swietenia  Sene- 
galensis. 

KHUS-KHUS,  Andropogon  muricatus. 

KIAS'TER,  Chioster,  from  ;i^((i^tij',  '  to  cross.' 
A  species  of  bandage,  having  the  form  of  the 
Greek  letter  ;^,  which  the  ancients  used  for  ap- 
proximating, and  maintaining  in  contact,  the 
fragments  of  the  patella,  in  cases  of  fracture  of 
that  bone.  It  was  applied  in  the  form  of  the 
figure  8. 

KIBE,  Chilblain. 

KiniSTlTOME,  Cystitome. 

KIDNEY.  Its  etymology  is  uncertain.  Scre- 
nius  derives  it  fancifully  from  Su.  Goth.  9?(ef/,  the 
belly;  and  ni//h,(q\}as\,quidiiey.)  Ren,  Nephrot, 
Protme'sis,  (Sc.)  Neir,  Nere,  (F.)  Rein.  The 
kidneys  or  reins  are  the  secretory  organs  of  the 
urine.  They  are  two  glands,  situate  deeply, — 
the  one  on  the  right,  and  the  other  on  the  left 
side  —  in  the  hypochondres  :  at  the  sides  of  tlio 
lumbar  vertebrae;  behind  the  peritoneum;  and 
in  the  midst  of  an  abundant,  fatty  areolar  tissue, 
Tn'nica  seu  Cap'sula  adipo'sa.  The  kidney  is 
of  a  reddish-brown  colour;  oval  form;  and  flat- 
tened on  two  surfaces.  It  has.  at  its  internal 
margin,  a  deep  fissure,  by  which  the  renal  vessels 
and  nerves  enter  or  quit  the  organ,  and  the  ure- 
ter issues.  It  resembles,  pretty  accurately,  the 
haricot  or  kidney-bean.  Two  suhstances  are 
readily  distinguishable  in  it; — the  outer,  scw"- 
ing,  cortical,  glandular  or  vascular,  Suhslan  tia 
cortica'lis  seu  glandulo'sa,  which  secretes  the 
urine;  and  the  inner,  tubular,  medullary,  nrini- 
ferous,  conoidal  or  radiated,  Suhstnn'tia  }le(l>d- 
la'rie  seu  Tuhulo'sa  seu  Fibro'sa,  which  appears 


KIESTEINE 


519 


KIST 


under  the  form  of  small  cones  or  unequal  papillcB 
or  iii'iiiiiiii//a,  each  resultini;  from  the  union  of 
smiill  capillary  tubes,  adherent  by  one  of  their 
extremities  to  the  cortical  substance;  and  open- 
ing, by  the  other,  at  the  summit  of  the  cone,  into 
ciilif<:n,  a  species  of  memliranous  tubes,  more  or 
less  numerous,  which  transmit  the  urine  of  the 
papillio  to  the  peluia.  By  the  pelvic  is  meant  a 
guinli,  membranous  sac,  of  an  irregularly  oval 
shape,  at  the  base  of  vvliich  are  the  orifices  of  the 
Ciiiicos,  and  the  other  extremity  of  which  is  con- 
tinuous witii  the  ureter.  The  kidney  is  sur- 
rounded by  a  fibrous  membrane  proper  to  it,  Peri- 
iieph'ruH,  Tit'nlca  pra'pria  seu  alhinjln'en.  It 
has  liecn  shown  by  Mr.  Bowman  and  others  that 
the  renal  artery  is  distributed  to  the  corpora  Mal- 
)iif,'hiaiia,  forming  a  pellet  of  convolutions,  which 
is  received  into  a  flask-like  dilatation  of  the  ure- 
ter—  niiwrniiiiH  C«piiii/c,!ind  throuf,'h  which — it  is 
conceived — the  watery  portion  of  the  urine  is  se- 
parated. The  blood  then  becomes  venous,  and  is 
distributed  by  different  veins — portitl  i^ciiis  of  the 
kidney — to  the  convoluted  tubes  through  which 
the  proper  urine  is  secreted.  Hence  tlie  blood 
pa.s.ses  into  the  renal  vein.  The  intermediate 
vessels  between  the  Mali)ighian  bodies  ami  the 
convoluted  tubes  have  been  termed  the  Portal 
Si/iterii  (if  the  Kidney. 

Kidney,  Brioiit's  Diskask  op  thr,  Blorhns 
Briijht'i!  seu  (ilhuritinen'iiin  seu  grnniilo'eus  Rk- 
iiuiii,  Ncphri'lis  nihil  1)1  i no' 8a  seu  Hoela'ta,  Nepli'- 
rin,  Nejihroehdlmo'sis,  N^ephrococco'nin,  Uroze' mia 
(ilbiitiiiiio'uri,  Citcliec'tic  or  Asso'ciated  nephrith, 
Injinmmdtion  of  the  Malpig'hina  cor' piisclen,  Dia- 
eane  of  Bright,  Gran'nlnr  Def/enern'tion  or  Vis- 
or(i(inizalion  of  the  Kidney,  Gronnhir  Kiditp/ij  of 
Bright,  Uiichee'tic  ncphri'tin,  Chiil<tzonephri'ti», 
(F.)  Mcdadie  de  Bright,  Nephrite  albuinineiise, 
Etnt  Grnnideux  ou  Degeiierencence  grnniilee  du 
Rein,  Albiiniiiinrorrhee.  A  granular  disease  of 
the  cortical  part  of  the  kidney,  which  gives  occa- 
sion to  the  secretion  of  urine  that  contains  albu- 
men, and  is  of  less  specific  gravity  than  natural, 
and  which  destroys  by  inducing  other  diseases. 
It  was  first  described  by  Dr.  Bright,  of  London. 

KinNKV,  GiiANULAR,  OP  BuiGHT,  Kidney, 
Bright's  disease  of  the. 

KI'ESTEINE,  Ki'estein,  properly  Ky'esteine, 
Ki/'entein,  Ki/stein,  Gij'esteine  or  Gy'estein,  Kies- 
the'iii, — (Lehmann),  from  kvciv,  'to  be  pregnant,' 
and  caOiii.  '  a  garment  or  pellicle.'  A  peculiar 
albuminoid  pellicle,  which  forms  on  the  urine  of 
a  pregnant  female  when  allowed  to  stand  for  a 
few  days.  It  is  whitish,  opalescent,  slightly 
granular,  and  may  be  compared  to  the  fatty  sub- 
stance that  swims  on  the  surface  of  soups,  after 
they  have  been  allowed  to  cool.  When  taken  in 
conjunction  with  other  phenomena,  it  is  a  valu- 
able aid  in  the  diagnosis  of  early  pregnancy. 

KIKSTIN' IC,  Klestin'iciia  ;  same  etymon.  Re- 
lating or  appertaining  to  kiesteine  ;  us  '  kiestinic 
urine.' 

KILBURN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  These 
springs  contain  carbonic  acid,  sulphohydric  acid; 
carbonates  of  lime,  magnesia,  and  iron  ;  sulphates 
of  soda,  lime,  and  magnesia,  and  chloride  of 
sodium. 

KILE.  Ulcer. 

KILL  LAMB,  Andromeda  raariana. 

KILO(iRAMMR,  Chiliogmm'ma,  from  ;^iXio(, 
'a  thousand,'  and  ypa/iiia,  'a  gramme.'  The 
Weight  of  a  thousand  grammes; — two  pounds, 
eight  ounces,  one  drachm,  and  twenty-four  grains, 
Troy. 

KILOLITRE,  from  ;^iXioi,  'a  thousand,' and 
Xiro'i, '  a  litre.'  A  measure  containing  a  thousand 
litres. 

KIXA  KIXA,  Cinchona. 


KTXAXCTE,  Cynanehe. 

KINCOUGH,  Pertussis. 

KINDCOUGII,  Pertussis. 

KINESIP'ATHY,  Kinesitherapi'a,  Cincsip'- 
aihy,  Movement  cure.  Motor' palhy,  Afediei'na  mc- 
chun'icd,  from  /civr/uif,  'motion,'  and  vados,  'dis- 
ease.' A  mode  of  treating  disease  by  gymnastics 
or  appropriate  movements  proposed  by  Ling,  a 
Swede,  and  hence  called  Lingism. 

KINETIC,  Motory. 

KINGCURE,  Pyrola  maculata> 

KING'S  EVIL,  Scrofula. 

KINGSIIOOD,  Reticulum. 

KINICI  ACETAS,  Quinia,  acetate  of. 

KIXINUM,  Quinine. 

KINIUM,  Quinine. 

KINK,  Quinte. 

KINK  IN  THE  HEAD,  see  Insanity. 

KINKHAUST,  Pertussis. 

KINKHOST,  Pertussis. 

KINKINA,  Cinchona. 

KINO,  Gunnni  Gamhien'ae  seu  rnbrnm  ndntrin'- 
geuH  Gambien'ae  seu  adstrin'gens  Fothergilli,  Af- 
rican, East  India  or  Amhoy'na  kino,  (E.)  Gomme, 
Hue  ou  exirait  de  kino.  The  trees,  whence  one 
variety  of  this  resin  is  obtained,  are  not  botani- 
cally  ascertained.  The  London  college  ascribe 
it  to  Pterocar'pus  eritia'cea ;  the  Edinburgh  to 
Enralyp'tUH  reiiiiifera  seu  guinmlf'ern,  Iron 
hark ;  and  the  Dublin  to  Biitea  frondo'na.  The 
Pbarmacopneia  of  the  United  States,  (1842  and 
1851),  defines  it  to  be  "an  extract  obtained, from 
an  uncertain  plant;"  that  of  1851  states  it  to  be 
the  inspissated  juice  of  Pterocarp'na  marsn'pium 
(De  CandoUe)  and  of  other  plants.  On  wound- 
ing the  bark,  the  kino  flows  drop  by  drop.  A 
West  India  variety  is  said  to  be  derived  from  Coc- 
col'oba  uvif'era  or  Sen-side  Grape  ;  and  a  /lotam/ 
Bay  kino  is  said  to  be  the  concrete  juice  of  Enca- 
lyp'tus  resinif'era  or  broion  grtm-tree  of  New  Hol- 
land. Sex.  Syst.  Icosandria  Mtmogynia.  Kat. 
Ord.  MyrtaceiB.  Kino  consists  chiefly  of  tannic 
and  gallic  acids,  oxide  of  iron,  and  colouring  mat- 
ter. It  is  inodorous;  the  taste  a  sweetish  l)itter; 
and  it  is  sometimes  gritty  between  the  teeth.  It 
comes  to  us  in  fragments  of  a  dark  ruby  red 
colour,  and  is  easily  pulverized.  Its  properties 
are  powerfully  astringent.  Dose,  gr.  x  to  gr.  xs 
in  powder. 

KIONORRHAPHIA,  Staphyloraphy. 

KI'OTOME,  Kiot'omus,  from  kiwv,  'a  pillar,' 
'support,'  and  reixvciv,  'Co  cut.'  (F.)  Conpebrxde. 
An  instrument  invented  by  Desault  to  cut  any 
accidental  brides  or  filaments  in  the  rectum  and 
bladder  ;  and  which  he  afterwards  used  for  the 
removal  of  the  tonsils.  It  is  composed  of  a  flat, 
silver  sheath,  open  at  one  edge.  This  sheath  is 
provided  with  a  cutting  blade,  which  can  be  forced 
through  the  opening,  and  thus  all  the  parts  can  be 
divided  with  which  it  comes  in  contact. 

KIPPERNUT,  Bunium  bulbocastanum. 

KIRATE.  A  weight  of  four  grains,  according 
to  Blancard. 

KIRIAGHUMA,  Gvmneura  lactiferum. 

KIRKLAND'S  NEUTRAL  CERATE,  see 
Cerate,  Kirkland's  Neutral. 

KIRNMTLK,  Buttermilk. 

KIRRIIONOSIS,  Cirrhosis. 

KIKRIIOSIS,  Cirrhosis. 

KIRSCHWASSER,  (G.)  Kirsch  and  Was- 
ser),  'Cherry  water.'  An  alcoholic  liquor,  ob- 
tained from  cherries  bruised  with  their  stones,  by 
subjecting  them  to  distillation,  after  having 
caused  thetn  to  ferment.     See  Spirit. 

KISS 'IN  GEN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  Bavarian  springs  have  been  long  fre- 
quented. There  are  three, — two  chalybeate,  and 
one  alkaline  and  acidulous. 

KIST.     A  weight  of  14  grains. — Paracelsus. 


KITILLING 


520 


K  R  A  M  E  P.  T  A 


KTTTLLTXG,  Tickling. 

KrTTi,I\(i,  Tickling'. 

KLAl'ROTHII  SUMMIAS,  Ca.linii  sulplins. 

KLAPIIOTIIIUM  SULPlIUKICUM,soe  Cad- 
luii  fiulplijis. 

KLKPTOMA'XIA,  Cleptomauia,  Klopema'- 
iild.  Vlopeiiiiinin  ;  frdin  kActttui,  'I  steiil,'  und 
vuiiiia.  Insanity,  with  an  irresistible  propensity 
to  steal. 

KLIXOCRPHALIA,  Clinocephalia. 

KLIPDAS,  see  llvrax  Capeiisis. 

KLOPEMAXIA,  kleptomania. 

KNAP-KNEED,  see  Entoi^cmvancon. 

KNAKESBOROUGII,  iMINEUAL  WATERS 
OF.  see  Ilarroi^ate,  mineral  waters  of. 

KNEADING,  Shampooing. 

KNEE,  Genu. 

K.N'EK.  Hoi!SB.\f  aid's.  An  inflammation  of  the 
bursa,  which  in  most  individuals  is  in  front  of  the 
jiatella,  and  is  apt  to  inflame  and  enlarge  from 
eiTusion  in  those  in  whom  it  is  subjected  to  much 
]iressare.  Hence  its  name.  It  is  a  form  of  cap- 
sular rlieumatism. 

KNEE-HOLLY,  Ruscus. 

KNEE-JOINT,  Genu. 

KNEE  SCAB,  Crusta  genu  equinae — k.  Encir- 
cled hoof.  Crusta  genu  equina;. 

KNIFE.  Sa.\.  cniP.  Swed.  Knif.  Dan. 
Kniv.  (¥.)  Canif.  Citlter,  Smile,  Cnl tell' im,  To- 
]iiei'i)ii,  Totiie'iii,  Machce'i'ci,  Macha' rion,  Machoi'- 
rix,  (F.)  Ciintenu.  A  cutting  instrument,  used  in 
.'urgery  to  divide  the  soft  parts,  and  which  only 
differs  from  the  bistouri  or  scalpel  in  being  usu- 
ally larger. 

The  most  common  knives  are  the  following: 

KniI'H,  Ampiita'tiox,  (F.)  Citutean  d  ampiita- 
ti'i'ii,  C.  droit,  Cidter  revtiis.  This  is  the  largest 
of  the  knives  used  in  surgery.  Formerly,  they 
were  curved ;  now  they  are  straight,  and  pro- 
vided with  one  or  two  edges. 

Knifk,  Cat'araCT,  Ceratot'nmiiS,  Kcrntnt'omiis, 
(F.)  Contenii  d  catarncte.  The  cataract  knives 
of  Richter,  AVenzel,  Ward,  and  others,  being  in- 
tended to  perform  the  section  of  the  transparent 
cornea,  arc  so  shaped  as  to  e.xactly  fill  the  small 
wound  made  by  them;  and  thus  to  prevent  the 
discharge  of  the  aqueous  humour,  until  the  sec- 
tion is  completed.  The  blade  of  the  knives  of 
AVenzel  and  Ward  resembles  a  very  narrow  lan- 
cet, blunt  in  the  posterior  five-sixths  of  one  of  its 
edges.  The  blade  of  that  of  Richter  is  pyrami- 
dal, cutting  through  the  whole  length  of  its  in- 
ferior edge,  and  also  blunt  in  the  five-si.xths  of 
the  upper. 

Knifk,  Ches'et-ben's.  A  knife  with  a  fixed 
handle;  very  convex  on  its  edge,  concave  on  the 
back,  which  was  used  by  Cheselden  in  lithotomy. 

Knifk,  Chookkd,  Cidter  falca'tna,  Cidter  cnr- 
riii,  (F. )  Couteau  conrhe.  A  knife,  which  is 
crooked  and  concave  on  its  cutting  edge.  It  was 
formerly  employed  in  amputation  of  the  limbs. 

Knipk,  Crotchet,  Cidtet'lus  uncus,  (F.)  Cou- 
tcnn  (i  crochet.  A  steel  instrument,  composed  of 
!i  round  staff,  furnished  with  a  handle  at  one  ex- 
tremity, and  at  the  other  with  a  curved  knife. 
It  was  formerly  used  to  cut  to  pieces  monstrous 
foetuses  in  utero,  and  to  open  the  head  when  ne- 
cessary. 

Knife,  Douni.E-EnoRr),  AnrepH  cnltel'lus,  Am- 
jihis' niela,  Aiiiphis'mile,  Cutlint/,  (F.)  Coutenn  d 
deux  trunchans  ou  dentirticidfitenr  ou  interonseiijr. 
A  knife,  the  blade  of  which  is  straight  and  sharp 
on  both  sides.  It  is  used  for  disarticuhxting 
bones;  and  for  cutting  the  soft  parts  situate  be- 
tween the  bones,  in  amputation  of  the  leg  and 
forearm. 

KNIFE  EN  SERPETTE.  (F.)  Couteau  en 
terpette.  A  sort  of  knife,  of  the  shape  of  a  ser- 
jjette  or  pruning-knife,  invented  by  Dcsault  for 


dividing  the  bony  paries  of  the  maxillary  sinus, 
for  the  purjioso  of  extracting  fungi  frinn  it. 

Knifi:,  Lentic'i'LAK,  Cidter  h.ulividu'riii,  (F.) 
Coiitetiii  leiiticultiire.  An  instruuieiit,  used  in  tli6 
operation  of  trc]ianning,  for  removing  inequalities 
in  the  inner  table  of  the  skull,  whii  li  may  have 
been  left  by  the  crown  of  the  Irepliine  around 
the  opening  made  by  it.  It  is  formed  of  a  len- 
ticular button,  fixed  at  the  extremity  of  nn  iron 
staff,  which  is  convex  on  one  side,  fiat  on  the 
other;  sharp  at  both  edges,  and  mounted  ou  an 
ebony  handle. 

Knife,  Litiiot'omy,  (F.)  Couteau  Uthotnme.  A 
name,  given  by  Foubert  to  a  large  knife,  the 
narrow  blade  of  which,  four  and  a  half  inches 
in  length,  was  sharp  in  its  whole  extent,  and 
made  an  obtuse  angle  with  the  handle,  lie  used 
it  in  the  lateral  operation. 

Knife,  Polypus,  Polypotome. 

Knife,  Root-cutting.  In  Pharmacy,  a  knife 
moving  on  a  joint  at  its  pointed  extremity,  by 
which  roots  and  other  ligneous  matters  are  di- 
vided in  pharmaceutical  processes. 

KNIFE'SMAN,  see  Surgery,  salvation. 

KNIT-BACK.  Symphytum. 

KNOBWEED.  Ctdlinsonia. 

KNOCK-KNEED,  Entogonyancon. 

KNOT,  Tubercle. 

Knot,  Packeu's,  (F.)  JVocud  d'emholleur.  A 
compressive  bandage,  used  for  arresting  hemor- 
rhage from  the  temporal  artery  or  its  branches. 
The  nwud  d'cmhulleur  is  made  with  a  double- 
headed  roller,  five  ells  long.  A  graduated  com- 
press is  placed  over  the  opening  in  the  artery, 
and  the  bandage  is  applied  over  it;  the  balls  of 
the  roller  being  carried  horizontally  round  to  the 
opposite  temple,  where  they  arc  crossed  obliquely 
and  carried  back  to  the  part  where  the  compress 
is  situate.  The  hands  are  then  changed  with  the 
rollers,  crossing  them  so  as  to  form  a  knot,  and 
taking  one  above  the  head;  the  other  beneath 
the  chin.  They  are  then  crossed'again,  so  as  to 
form  several  knots,  one  above  the  other.  This 
bandage  is  called,  by  some  surgeons,  auluir  or 
oblique  cheventre  or  capintriim. 

Knot,  Surgeon's,  Nodus  chirur'yicua,  (F.) 
Nceud  dii  ehinir(jivn.  A  double  knot  made  by 
passing  the  thread  twice  through  the  same  noose. 
This  knot  is  used  frequently  in  the  ligature  of 
arteries,  the  umbilicial  cord,  <fec. 

KNOTBERRIES,  Rubus  chamreraorus. 

KNOTtjRASS,  Polygonum  aviculare. 

KNOTROOT,  Collinsonia  Canadensis. 

KNOTWEED,  Collinsonia  Canadensis,  Poly- 
gonum aviculare. 

KNOWLTON'IA  VESICATO'RIA.  Nat. 
Order,  Ranunculacea?.  An  acrid  plant  of  South 
Africa,  used  by  the  Cape  colonists  as  a  blister  ia 
rheumatism. 

KOINO-MIASMATA,  see  Miasm. 

KOKUM,  Garcinia  purpurea  —  k.  Butter,  see 
Garcinia  purpurea. 

KOLERUS,  a  name  given  by  Paracelsus  to  a 
drv  ulcer. 

kOLPORRAPIIY,  Elytrorrhaphy. 

KOLTO,  Plica. 

KOOCHLA  TREE,  Strychnns  nux  vomica. 

KOOSSO,  Ilagenia  Abyssinica. 

KOPYOPIA,  see  Copyopia. 

KORIS,  Cimex. 

KOSSO,  Hagenia  Abyssinica. 

KOUMIS,  Kumyss. 

KOUSSO,  Ilagenia  Abyssinica. 

KRAME'RIA,  Krameria  trian'dra,  Crnme'rin, 
Ratan'hiii,  Hhnttui'ia,  Riit'unhij,  (F.)  Jiutmihle, 
—  Sex.  Syst.  Tetrandria  Monogynia,  Not.  Ord. 
Polygaleae, — is  a  native  of  Java.  The  root,  A''ro- 
me'ria  (Ph.  U.  S.),   has  a  bitter  taste;   and  U 


KREASOTON 


521 


LABIA   CUNNI 


astringent,    diuretic,    and    detergent.     Dose,    ^j 
to  3J. 

Kkamk'hia  Ixi'na  or  Jialauhy  of  the  Autitks 
hi)8  siiniliir  virtues. 

KREASOTON,  Creasote. 
KllKATrC  NAUSEA,  see  Nausea. 
KUKATIXE,  Creatine. 

KKIOAT[NINE,  see  Creatine. 

KKKATOI'HAUOUS,  Carnivorous. 

KREASOTON,  Creasote. 

K R K  r  1  N I SM  US,  Creti nism. 

KRIEBELKHANKIIEIT,  Convulsio  ce- 
realis. 

KRONE,  Crown. 

KRYSTALLINE,  see  Crystalline. 

KUA   KAi[A,  Curc-uiua  loiij^a. 

KUMY'SS,  KoHiiiijHii,  KoiimiH.  A  beverage 
used  ill  families  by  the  peo])le  of  Yakutz.  It 
re.seinbles  .lour  buttermilk,  without  being  greasy. 
According  to  Sir  George  Sim|).son,  it  is  preiiared 
ill  a  very  simple  way  from  mare's  milk,  which  is 
merely  allowed  to  stand  for  some  days  in  a  lea- 
thern churn  till  it  becomes  sour.  It  is  then  bot- 
tled for  use.  This  drink  is  rather  nutritious  than 
exhilarating;  but  from  the  same  material  the 
Rurats  mid  the  Kirghez  prepare  an  intoxicating 
spirit  in  which  they  indulge  to  excess. 

KUSSAUDER,  Convolvulus  panduratus. 

KUTKULE.[A,  Ciesalpinia  bonducella. 

KUTOOKURUNJA,  Ciusalpinia  bonducella. 

KUTUliUTII.  An  Arabic  name  for  a  species 
of  melancholy  in  which  the  patient  is  never  quiet 
nt  any  one  place,  but  wanders  about  here  and 
there,  see  Cuttubuth.  Also,  the  name  of  an  in- 
sect, which  lives  at  the  surface  of  stagnant 
waters,  and  is  in  a  constant  state  of  agitation. 
Slime  lexicographers  imagine  that  it  is  on  ac- 
count of  this  last  circumstance,  that  the  name  of 
the  insect  has  been  given  to  the  disease. 

KWOSO.  llagenia  Abyssinica. 

KYAXOSIS,  Cyanopathy. 

KYAI'UTTY,  Caieput. 

KYESTEINE,  Kiesteine. 

KYESTINIC,  Kiestinic. 

KYLLOPODIA,  Kyllosis 

KYLLO'SIS,  from  Ki.AXof,  'crooked,'  'lame.' 
Ci/llo'sis,  Kyllnpnd'ia.  Professor  Chaussier  so 
calls  congenital  distortion  of  the  feet,  CInhfnnt, 
J'ull/ool,  Slnmpfont,  (Prov.)  Pianmel-font,  Tal'- 
ipra,  (F.)  Pled  hot.  Of  this  there  are  many 
varieties.  In  one,  the  foot,  instead  of  resting  on 
the  soil,  by  the  whole  plantar  surface,  touches  it 
only  with  the  mctatarso-phalangian  articulations. 
It  seems  iis  if  turned  backwards  and  broken  upon 
the  leg.  (Pen  sen  T(d'ipes  Kiini'niis,  Hlp'popi(8, 
Oxypod'ia,  Tip-foot,  Ilorse/ool.)  In  other  cases 
the  foot  is  twisted  inwards,  (Vdriis,  7'(d'ipes 
mnm,  llliBKop'odcK,  Ula'ixipux,  Cijlfoepim,  Cylhip'- 
«(/'(,  Cjjllopod'inn,   Ln'ripen,    Crosnfoot,  (P.)    Cag- 

ueux,)  so  that  it  rests  only  on  the  ground  on  its 


outer  edge;  or  it  may  be  twisted  outwards, 
(  VitlijHit,  Tal'ipeit  ValijiiH,  Out -bow -foot.)  or  rest 
only  on  its  inner  edge,  or  on  the  back  part  of  the 
heel,  Tullpes  cnlcn'neiie,  Heel  clubfoot.  In  the 
Jidtfoot  or  splayfoot,  Dmhfoot.  Splot-foot,  Sor'- 
iipiis,  Plot'ypiis,  Plalypod'in,  (F.)  Pied  plat,  the 
plantar  surface  of  the  foot  is  flattened  instead  of 
being  concave. 

These  deformities  are  rarely  accidental.  They 
are  almost  always  congenital,  and  may  be  rec- 
tified, at  an  early  period,  by  proper  mechanical 
means  to  strengthen  the  foot  gradually  and  re- 
store it  to  its  jiroper  shape  and  directitm  ;  and  if 
these  means  fail,  the  tendons  and  muscles  con- 
cerned in  the  deformity  may  be  divided. 

KYMOGRAPJI'ION,  C'ymotpaph'ioyi ;  from 
Kvixa,  'wave,'  and  ypa^.u),  'I  describe.'  A  wave 
describer  or  measurer.'  An  instrument  invented 
by  Ludwig,  which  is  self-registering,  and  exhibits 
the  relation  between  the  waves  of  the  pulse  and 
the  undulations  produced  by  respiration. 

KY'NA,  Pastinaca  opoponax. 

KY'PIIOSIS,  see  Cy|diosis — k.  Inflammatoria, 
Vertebral  disease  —  k.  Paralytica,  Vertebral  dis- 
ease. 

KYST,  Cyst,  Kystis,  Cyslis,  from  Kvarii,  'a 
bladder,'  '  poOch.'  (F.)  Kysle.  This  term  is  ge- 
nerally applied  to  a  pouch  or  sac, —  Cysto'mn, — ■ 
without  opening,  and  commonly  of  a  membranous 
nature,  which  is  accidentally  developed  in  one  of 
the  natural  cavities,  or  in  the  substance  of  organs. 
.Many  theories  have  been  successively  emitted  to 
explain  the  formation  of  cysts,  but  none  are  en- 
tirely satisfactorj'.  Some  are  formed  by  a  thin, 
translucent  membrane,  having  scarcely  the  thick- 
ness of  the  arachnoid  ;  others  of  a  whitish,  fjbro- 
cellular  membrane,  more  or  less  thick.  Some 
contain  cartilaginous  or  bony  flakes.  The  greater 
part  have  but  one  cavity;  others,  on  the  contrary, 
liave  several,  separated  by  complete  or  imperfect 
septa,  as  is  frequently  seen  in  those  developed  in 
the  ovaries.  'The  matter  contained  in  cysts  is 
sometimes  limpid,  serous,  yellowish  white,  red- 
dish, and,  at  others,  more  or  less  thick,  albumi- 
nous, adipous,  or  caseous.  The  tumour,  formed 
by  them,  is  called  Encysted. 

KYSTE,  Kyst  —  A-.  Amvrysmal,  AnevivismsX 
sac. 

KY^STEIN,  Kiesteine. 

KYSTHI'TIS,  Cysthi'tis,  from  Kva^of,  'the  va,- 
giiia.'  Inflammation  of  the  vulva  and  of  the 
mucous  membrane  of  the  vagina. 

A'  YS TITOM E,  Cyst  Home. 

KYSTHOPTO'SIS,  from  kvc^o?,  'the  vagina,' 
and  niTTTiii,  '  I  fall.'  Prolapsus  or  inversion  of  the 
vagina. 

KY'TE,  Abdomen,  ,Stomach. 

KY'TTARR]IAG"IA,from  KVTraptov,  ' an  alve- 
olus,' and  payu,  or  pnyvviit,  'I  break  forth.'  Dis- 
charge of  blood  from  an  alveolus. 


L. 


LARARTUM,  from  hihi,  'to  fall.'  Looseness 
of  the  teelh. 

LARDACISMUS,  Lallation. 

LARDAMEN,  Cistus  creticus. 

LABDANU.M,  see  Cistus  creticus. 

LARE,  from  X(i/3u>,  XanD-ivo),  'I  seize,  'I  take,' 
'the  act  of   grasping.'      Invasion.      Also,   em- 


ployed to  denote  the  first  paroxysm  of  fevers. — 
Galen.  IIi|ipoerales. 

LAREO,  Chilon. 

LARES,  Cbilon.  Macula. 

I,ARIA  CUNNF.  Lips  of  the  vulva— 1.  Interna 
sen  Minora.  Nympha' — 1.  Majora,  Lips  of  the 
vulva  —  1.  Pudendi,  Lips  of  the  vulva  —  1.  Pu- 
dendi  minora,  Nymphse. 


LABIAL 


522 


LACERUM 


LABTAL,  Li(h\n'l!s,  from  labium,  'a  lip.' 
LABIAL,  Orbicularis  oris. 
LabiaIj  Autkry.  Iliillernnd  Sabaticrcall  thus 
the  fdfinl  ni-tcri/  of  the  niiijority  of  anatninists. 
The  labial  arteries,  properly  so  called,  coronari/ 
arteries  of  the  llpx,  fF.)  Caronaires  des  levres,!iTe 
two  in  number.  The  superior  arises  from  the 
facial,  above,  and  very  close  to,  tlie  commissure 
of  the  lips.  It  is  large  and  tortuous,  and  is  dis- 
tributed to  the  upper  lip.  The  lower  arises  from 
the  facial,  at  a  considerable  distance  from  the 
commissure,  and  jiroceeds,  in  a  serpentine  course, 
into  the  substance  of  the  lower  lip,  to  which  it  is 
distributed. 

Labial  Glands.  This  name  is  given  to  a  mul- 
titude of  muciparous  follicles,  of  some  size,  round, 
prominent,  and  separate  from  each  other,  which 
are  found  on  the  inner  surface  of  the  lips,  below 
the  mucous  membrane. 

Labial  Veins  are  distinguished,  like  the  arte- 
ries, into  superior  and  inferior.     They  open  into 
the  facial  vein  ; — a  division  of  the  internal  jugular. 
LABIALTS.  Orbieularis  oris. 
LABTDOMETER,  Labimeter. 
LABIM'ETER,  (F.)    Lahimitre  ou   Lnbidome- 
tre,   from   ^u|3is,    \afii^oi,    '  forceps,',  and    iicrgov, 
'measure.'     A  scale  adapted   to    the  handles  of 
the  forceps,  which  indicates  the  distance  of  the 
blades  from  each  other,  when  applied  to  the  head 
of  the  child  in  vtero. 
LABTS,  Forceps. 

LABIUM,  Lip — I.  Leporinum,  Harelip  —  1. 
Uteri,  Amphideum. 

LABLAB.  Dolichos  lablab. 
LABOR AXS,  Si<k. 
LABOliA  TOrUE,  Laboratory. 
LABORATORIUM,    Laboratory  — 1.     Chymi- 
cum  sen  phaniiiu-euticum,  see  Pharmacopoeia. 

LAB'ORATORY,  Lnborato'rinm,  Ergaste'rinn, 
(F.)   Laboratoire,   from    labornre,   lahoratitm,   'to 
work.'     A    work-shop.      A    place   for   preparing 
chemical  or  pharmaceutical  products,  Ac. 
LABORTORIIS,  Sick. 

LABO'RIOUS.  Delivery  is  said  to  be  labo- 
rious. Partus  Inbrtrio'siin,  Ifoi/ostoc'ia,  (F.)  Ae- 
covchement  lahorieiix,  when  attended  with  more 
difficulty  and  suffering  tl)an  usual.  With  some, 
laborious  labour  moans  one  that  requires  the  use 
of  instruments.  See  Dystocia. 
LABOUR.  Parturition. 

Labour  Chair.  Obsfet'rie  chair.  A  chair,  in 
■which  a  parturient  woman  is  placed  during  de- 
livery. 

Laboi^r,    Complicated,    see    Parturition  —  1. 
Difficult,    Dystocia — 1.   Dry,    Partus    siccus  —  1. 
Forced,  see    Parturition  —  1.   Impracticable,  see 
Parturition — 1.  Morbid,  Dystocia. 
Labour  Pains,  see  Pains. 
Labour,  Powrrlbss,  see  Parturition  —  1.  Pre- 
mature, Parturition,  (premature) — 1.  Preternatu- 
ral, Metatocia,  see  Parturition. 
Labour  Show,  see  Parturition. 
LABRTSULCIUM,  Cheilocace,  Stomacace. 
LABRUM,  Lip — 1.  Cerebri,  Infundibulum  of 
the  brain. 

LABRUPCA.  Bryonia  alba. 

LAB'YRIXTII,  Lnbyrinth'us,  Antrum  hueci- 
no'sum.  A  place,  full  of  turnings,  the  exit  of 
■which  is  not  easily  discoverable.  Anatomists 
have  given  this  name  to  the  aggregate  of  parts, 
constituting  the  internal  ear,  Labi/rinth'us  nuris 
in'timm,  In'tima  pars  or'ijani  andi'tCis,  Laby- 
riuth'ic  cariti/  of  the  ear.  The  Labyrinth  is 
situate  between  the  tympanum  and  meatus  audi- 
torius  internus.  It  is  composed  of  several  ca- 
vities, wliich  communicate  with  each  other  in  the 
dried  bone;  as  the  vestibule,  cochlea,  semicircular 
canals,  &c.  It  is  lined  by  periosteum,  and  also 
by  a  pulpy  membrane,  constituting  the  membra- 


nous labyrinth,  on  which  the  auditory  nerve  ig 
regularly  dispersed.  This  membrane  forms  two 
sacks  in  the  vestibule,  called  sae'culus  reslib'uli 
and  sae'culus,  respectively,  wliich  resemble  in 
shape  that  of  the  bony  cavities  containing  them. 
Each  sac  contains  calcareous  matter,  constituting 
the  Otoliths  and  Otocouies.  When  tlie  sac  ig 
laid  open,  upon  the  upper  and  outer  part,  a  par- 
tition appears,  partaking  of  the  nature  of  the  sac, 
and  called  by  Meckel,  Septum  vestib'uli  nervu'io- 
membrana'cenm. 

Labyrinth  is  also  applied  to  the  lateral  portions 
of  the  ethmoid  bone,  which  are  formed  of  large 
irregular  cells. 

Labyrinth,  Mrmbranous,  see  Labyrinth. 

LABYRINTH'IC,  Labyrinth' icus,  (F.)  Lnhj. 
rinthique.  Relating  or  appertaining  to  the  laby- 
rinth. 

LABYRiNTnic  Cavity  of  the  Ear,  Labyrinth. 

LABYRINTIIUS,  Labyrinth— 1.  Auris  Inli- 
mae,  see  Labyrinth. 

LAC,  Lacca,  Laqueus,  Milk  —  1.  Ani\noniaci, 
Misturaammoniaci — -I.  Amygdahp,  Emidsioainyg- 
dalao — 1.  Asafcetidie,  Mistura  asaffctida; — 1.  Avis, 
Albumen  ovi — I.  Guaiaci,  Mistura  Guaiaci. 

Lac,  Gum,  Lacca. 

Lac  LuNyE,  Marga  Candida — 1.  Maris,  Sperm — 
1.  Pressum,Curd — 1.  Primurn  Puerper.'c, Colostrum, 

Lac,  Seed,  Lacca  —  1.  Shell,  Lacca  —  I.  Stick, 
Lacca. 

Lac  Sulphdris,  Sulphur  praecipitatum — 1. Ter- 
ras. Magnesia?  carbonas — l.Virginis,  Virgin's  milk, 

LACAPII'THON.  Supposed  to  be  the  bark 
of  some  fir  or  other  tree.  It  entered  into  the 
composition  of  the  Ci/phi,  used  in  fumigations — 
Paulus  of  jl5gina.  Supposed  to  be  the  Nareujjh'- 
thum  or  Nascajih'thum. — Ruellius. 

LACCA,  from  hil-ah,  Arab.  (Jummi  larca.  Sticl; 
Gum,  Seed,  or  Shell,  lac,  (F.)  Lnque,  Gomme 
Ltique.  Lac  is  a  substance  formed  by  an  insect, 
and  deposited  on  different  species  of  trees,  chiefly 
in  the  East  Indies,  for  e.xaniple,  on  Uroton  lac- 
ci/'erum,  and  two  species  of  Ficus,  —  Ficus  reli- 
fjio'sa,  and  F.  In'dica.  The  various  kinds,  dis- 
tinguished in  commerce,  are  sticlc-lac,  which  is 
the  substance  in  its  natural  state,  investing  the 
small  twigs  of  the  tree;  and  seed-lac,  which  is 
the  same  broken  off.  When  melted,  it  is  called 
shell-lae. 

Lac  was,  at  one  time,  used  in  the  form  of  tinc- 
ture, as  a  tonic  and  astringent;  and  it  still  forms 
part  of  particular  dentifrices. 

LACERA'TION,  Lacera'tio,  Rhege,  Jihetj'mus, 
Rhec/ma,  Ruptu'ra,  Rupture,  from  lacerare,  Inee- 
ratum,  'to  tear:'  —  Dilacera'tin,  Sparny'ma,  (F.) 
Arrachement,  Dechircuioit,  Dilaceratinu,  Broie- 
ment.  The  act  of  tearing  or  rending.  The  breach 
made  by  tearing  or  rending;  as  a  lacerated 
wound.  Tresis  vulnus  lacera'tum,  Laceratu'ra, 
Vuliius  lacerafum. 

LACERATURA,  see  Laceration. 

LACERTA,  Lizard — 1.  Aquatica,  see  Ectozos. 

LACERTI  CORDIS,  Columns  carneae  — 1. 
Musculortim,  see  Muscular  fibre. 

LACERTOSUS,  Muscular. 

LACERTULI  CORDIS,  Columnae  carneae. 

LACERTUS,  Brachium,  Muscle,  see  Muscular 
fibre. 

LACERUM.  Same  etymon  aa  Laceration. 
Any  thing  torn,  or  appearing  as  if  torn. 

Lac"ekum  Fora'men  Ante'hius,  (F.)  Tmn 
dSchire  anterieur,  Hiatus  spheno-pelriu.r,  (Ch.) 
is  an  irregular  opening,  formed  liy  the  sphenoid, 
occipital  and  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal  bone. 
It  is  closed  by  cartilage,  and  forms  a  kind  of 
fontanelle,  situated  at  the  termination  of  the 
petro-occipital  suture. 

Lacerum  Foramen  Poste'rius,  Foramen  .;«- 
gnlu're,   F.  luccrum   in  Basi  Cra'nii,  (F.)   Trou 


LACIIANON 


523 


LACTIC 


(lechiri  potiterieur,  Hiatus  occi'pi'to-p^treux,  (Cli.) 
is  formed  by  the  occipital  bone,  and  the  inferior 
edge  of  the  i)etrous  portion  of  the  temporal  bone. 
Through  it,  the  internal  jugular  vein,  the  eighth 
pair  of  nerves,  and  accessory  nerve  pass  out  of 
the  cranium. 

Lackruh  Foramen  Superius,  Sphenoidal 
fisBure. 

LACII'ANON,  from  ^a^aivu),  'I  dig.'  A  pot 
herb  :    OIuh.  pi.  Oler<i,  a  vegetable  used  as  food. 

LACIIESIS  PICTA,  see  Arrow-poison. 

Laciiksis  Riiombka'ta,  Fhtwmon.  A  poison- 
ous seri)eiit  comtmrn  in  ihe  lower  forests  of  Peru. 

LACIINANTII'KS  TINCTO'RIA,  DUa'tHs 
tlmln'rin,  Redioat  ;  indigenous.  Ord.  Ilajraodo- 
raceiu,  (from  Xaxvn,  'wool,'  and  av&os,  'a  flower,' 
owing  to  its  woolly  flowers.)  The  root  is  as- 
tringent an<i  tonic. 

LACIIKYMA,  Tear;  see  Vitis  vinifera. 

LACIi'KYi\I.\L,  Lncri/nia'lin,  from  hicryma, 
'a  tear.'  Uelonging  to  the  tears.  This  epithet 
is  given  to  various  parts. 

Lachrymal  Apparatus,  see  Lachrymal  Pas- 
sages. 

Lachrymal  Artery  proceeds  from  the  opb- 
thnlniic  ;  and  distributes  its  i)rincipal  branches  to 
the  lachrymal  gland. 

Lachhymal  Canal  or  Duct,  Nanal  Cdnnl  or 
duct,  Vdiiii'lix  /iicryiiKi'liji  seu  or'bilce  iinnd'/ix  seu 
Sued  liicri/Diit' Ha,  Diiclits  ad  Namiiii  seu  Nana.'- 
lis  orbltm,  is  formed  by  the  superior  maxillary 
bone,  OS  unguis,  and  os  turbinatuin  inferius;  and 
is  seated  in  the  outer  paries  of  the  nasal  fossae. 
It  is  lined  by  a  prolongation  of  the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  lachrymal  sac;  and  its  inferior 
orifice  is  furnished  with  a  valvular  duplicature. 
This  duct  transmits  the  tears,  which  have  been 
absorbed  at  the  great  angle  of  the  eye  by  the 
puncta  laorymali.'i,  into  the  nasal  fossae. 

Lacwirvmal  Caru.nulk,  see  Caruncula  lacry- 
midls. 

Lachrymal  Duct,  Lachrymal  Canal. 

LACMitYNfAL  Fossa,  Faxxa  seu  Fo'vea  lacnjmrt'. 
lis,  is  a  slight  depression  at  the  upper  part  of  the 
orbit,  which  lodges  the  lachrymal  gland. 

Lachrymal  Gla.nd,  Ol<iii'diil(i  lacryma'lia  seu 
inuomiiiti'tti  Gii/e'iii,  is  seated  in  a  depression  of 
the  frontal  bono  at  the  upper,  anterior,  and  outer 
part  of  the  orbit.  It  is  of  about  the  size  of  an 
almond  ;  and  of  an  oval  shape,  flattened  above 
and  below: — its  great  diameter  being  the  antero- 
posterior. It  is  composed  of  several  small  lobules, 
united  by  areolar  tissue,  and  separated  by  it  as 
well  as  by  vessels  and  nerves  which  creep  in  the 
intervals.  This  gland  has  seven  or  eight  excre- 
tory ducts,  which  open  behind  the  upper  eyelid. 
Its  line  is  to  secrete  the  tears,  and  pour  them  on 
the  globe  of  the  eye  by  the  excretory  ducts. 

Lachrymal  Groove,  (F.)  Oonttieie  lacii/mnlp, 
is  the  b(my  channel,  which  lodges  the  lachrymal 
sac.  It  is  seated  at  the  anterior  and  inner  part 
of  the  orbit,  and  is  formed  by  the  os  unguis  and 
the  ascending  process  of  the  upper  jaw  bone. 

Lachrymal  Her\l\,  Lachrijmal  Tumour,  Her'- 
»im  Sued  Lacri/ma'dx,  is  when  the  tears  enter  the 
puncta,  but  cannot  pass  to  the  nose,  and  accumu- 
late. By  Anel,  this  was  called  Dropsy  of  (he  La- 
cri/mnl  sac. 

Lachrymal  Nerve  is  the  smallest  of  the  three 
brunches  formed  by  the  ophthalmic  nerve.  It  is 
distributed,  particularly,  to  the  lachrymal  glnnd 
and  to  the  upper  eyelid.  In  its  course  it  gives 
oft  a  >iplifiio-m<i.rll!ari/  and  a  tiinlnr  filament. 

LxcHKYMAL  Papilla,  see  Lachrymal  Puncta. 
Lacfirymal  Passages,  Vice,  laenjma'les,  (P.) 
Yoies  litcryiDdlcs.  The  organs  concerned  in  the 
secretion  of  tears,  in  spreading  them  over  the 
eye,  ami  taking  them  up  again  to  transmit  them 
into  the  nasal  fossa;.     The   lachrymal  passages  i 


are  composed  of  the  lachrymal  gland,  caruncle, 
puncta,  ducts,  lachrymal  sac,  and  nasal  duct, 
which,  together,  form  the  luchiymal  appara'tua, 
(F.)  Appareil  lacrynial. 

Lachrymal  Puxcta,  Puncta  Lacryma'lia,  Spi- 
rnm'iua  Palpebra' mm,  (F.)  Points  lacryinuux, 
are  two  small,  round,  and  contractile  openings, 
situate  in  the  centre  of  a  tubercle  or  papilla.  Pa- 
pilla lacryma'lis,  Tuher'culnm  lacryina'le,  about 
a  line  and  a  half  distant  from  the  inner  commis- 
sure of  the  eyelids,  and  continuous  with  the  la- 
chrymal ducts.  These  ducts,  Lacryma'les  Caiia- 
lic'uli,  Cana'les  seu  Ductus  lacryma'les,  Ductus 
lacrymales  lutera'les  seu  pui'cto'rum  lacryma' Hum, 
Oor'iiua  lacryma'lia  seu  lima'enm,  Collic'icB  pu)ic- 
to'rum  Incryma'lium,  Canalic'uii  limn'cum,  (F.) 
Conduits  lucrymaux,  are  two  in  number — a  sujik- 
rior  and  an  inferior  —  which  extend  from  the 
puncta  to  the  lachrymal  sac.  They  seem  formed 
by  a  very  delicate  prolongation  of  the  conjunc- 
tiva, which  is  continuous  with  the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  lachrymal  sac,  (F.)  lieservoir  dea 
larmes : — the  Saceus  seu  Sinus  seu  Laciis  lacry- 
ma'lis,  Daeryocys'tis,   In/undil/itlum    lacryma'te. 

Lachrymal  Tubercle,  see  Lachrymal  punctii. 

Lachrymal  Vklns  accompany  the  artery  of 
the  same  name,  and  open  into  the  ophthalmic  and 
palpebral  veins. 

LACIIRYMATION,  Lacrymatio  —  1.  Sangui- 
neous, Daeryhffimorrhysis. 

LACI'NIA,  'a  hem  or  fringe.' 

LACINIvE  TUBARUM  FALLOPII,  see  Tube, 
Fallopian. 

LAO  IS,  Ple.xus. 

LA  CM  US,  Lichen  roccella. 

Lacmus  TiNCTORius,  Lichen  roccella. 

LACONICUM,  Vaporarium,  see  Stove. 

LA  CQ,  Laqueus. 

LACRIMA,  Tear. 

LACRUMA,  Tear. 

LACRVMA,  Tear. 

LACRYMALIS,  Lachrvmal. 

LACRYMA'TIO,  Lachryma'tion,  Epiphora. 
Also,  a  profuse  secretion  of  tears  from  any  cause: 
— weeping,  Ftetus,  Plora'tio,  Ploru'tus. 

LACRYMINE,  see  Tears. 

LACTALBUMEX,  Casein. 

LACTANS.  Nur.se. 

LACTA'RIUM,  Lacticin'ium  ;  from  lac,  'milk.' 
Food  prepared  fri>m  milk.     Milk  diet  or  food. 

LACTATE  DE  FEU,  Ferri  lactas— /.  de  Qui- 
nine, Quinia?  lactas. 

LACTA'TION,  Lacta'tio,  TheWsis,  Thelas'mus, 
from  lactn,  lartatum,  {lac,  'milk,')  'I  suckle,'  'I 
give  milk.'  Sucklimj  : — the  giving  of  such,  (F.) 
Allaitement.  The  French  make  four  varieties  of 
lactation.  1.  Allaitement  maternal  —  Maternal 
Lactation,  when  the  mother  suckles  the  child.  2. 
A.  etranger  mcrcenaire,  —  when  another  suckles 
it.  .3.  A.  artificiel,  when  the  child  is  brought  up 
by  hand.  4.  A.  animal,  when  the  child  is  suckled 
by  an  animal. 

LACTE,  Lactic. 

LACTEAL,  Lactic  —  1.  Sac,  see  Lactiferous 
vessels. 

LACTEALS,  Chvliferous  vessels. 

LACTEIN,  Milk,  solidified. 

LACTENS,  Sucking  child. 

LACTE8,  Mesentery,  Pancreas. 

LACTEUS,  Lactic. 

LACTIC,  Lac'tens,  Galac'ticus,  Galac'tintis, 
lacteal,  milky,  (F.)  Lacte,  Laiteux,  from  lac, 
lactis,  '  milk.'  Appertaining  to,  or  resemblint 
milk. 

Lactic  Acin,  Ac'idum  Lnc'teum  seu  Lactis  seu 
Lnc'ticum,  Acid  of  milk,  Galac'tic,  Nan'ceic  or 
Ca'seic  Add,  (F.)  Acide  Lactique.  This  has  be.en 
recommended  as  a  therapeutical  agent  in  atonic 
dyspepsia,  owing  to  its  being  presumed  to  be  one 


LACTICA 


524 


L>EMOSTENOSIS 


of  the  gastric  acids  secreted  in  health.  It  is 
given  either  in  the  form  of  lemonade  or  of 
lozenges.  The  acid  is  obtained  either  from  uiilli 
or  from  the  juice  of  the  red  beet. 

LACTICA.  Typhoid. 

LACTICANS,  Nurse. 

LACTICINIA.  Parotid. 

LACTICINIUM.  Lactarium. 

LACTIFEllE,  Lactiferous. 

LACTIF'EROUS,  GnlacUq>VorwH,  Lac'Ufer, 
(F.)  Lartl/eie,  from  lac.  hictis,  '  uiilli,'  and  fero, 
•I  carry.'     Milk-conveying. 

Lactiferous  Vksskls,  Lnctifei-ouD  or  Galac- 

tnph'oruKx  Diirtu,  Tii'hnU  lacliferi,  Diictim  lacti- 
feri  sen  lac'tei,  (F.)  VdinKeoux  OU  conduits  hic- 
tiferes,  are  the  excretory  ducts  of  tlie  mammarj' 
gland,  each  of  which,  running  towards  the  nijijde, 
dilates  beneath  the  areola  into  an  elongated 
sacculus  —  the  lacteal  or  (jalactophorotiK  nac,  re- 
ceptacle or  sinus — siic'culiis  seu  sinus  lactiferus. 

Lactiferous  or  Lacteal  Swelling.  A  tu- 
mefaction of  the  breast,  supposed  by  Sir  Astley 
Cooper  to  arise  from  a  large  collection  of  milli  in 
one  of  the  lactiferous  tubes,  the  result  of  chronic 
inflammation  of  the  tube  near  the  nipple,  with 
closure  of  its  aperture,  and  ol>literation  of  tlie 
canal  for  an  inch  or  more.  The  tube  requires  to 
be  punctured. 

LACTIF'UGA,  Lac'tifntje,  from  lac,  lacti's, 
'milk,'  and  /"(/o,  'I  drive  away.'  Medicines 
which  dispel  milk. 

LACTKiO,  Porrigo  larvalis. 

LACTINE,  Sugar  of  milk. 

LACTIN'IA,  from  lac,  lactis,  'milk.'  Food 
prepared  with  milk. 

LACTIPOTOR,  OaJactopotes. 

LACTIS  CONCRETIONES,  Infarctus  Mam- 
ma; larteus. 

LACTIS  REDUNDANTIA,  Galnctia  — 1.  Re- 
tcntio,  Galactischesis — 1.  Sanguinolenti  Excretio, 
Galactoha'mia. 

LACTISUGIUM.  Antlia  lactea. 

LACTrVORUS,  Galactophagous. 

LACTOCELE,  Galactoccle. 

LACTOLINE,  Milk,  solidified. 

LACTOMETER,  Galactometer. 

LACTOS/'J,  Sugar  of  milk. 

LACTU'CA,  from  lac,  lactis,  'milk  ;'  so  called, 
from  its  milky  juice.  Lactuca  Sati'va,  Lettuce, 
Garden  Lettuce,  Eiinu'cliium  Meco'nis,  Thridax, 
Ciierhas,  (F.)  T^aitue  ordinaire.  Ord.  Coinpositse, 
is  used  as  a  wh(desome  salad.  The  seeds  pos- 
sess a  quantity  of  oil,  which,  when  formed  into 
an  emulsion,  has  been  advised  in  ardoruriiuc,  &c. 

The  inspissated  juice.  Lactuca'rium,  Thrid'ace, 
Lettuce  opium,  resembles,  in  odour  and  appear- 
ance, that  of  opium,  and  is,  like  it,  narcotic,  but 
uncertain.     Dose,  gr.  j  to  x,  and  more. 

Lactuca  Elongata,  see  L.  virosa — 1.  Graveo- 
lens,  L.  virosa — 1.  Floridana,  Mulgedium  Flori- 
danum. 

Lactuca  Scart'ola,  L.  Sylves'tris,  Scariola, 
(F.)  Laitne  Scariole  ou  Sauvneje,  possesses  a 
stronger  degree  of  bitterness  than  L.  sativa.  It 
has  similar  virtues  with  Z.  virosa. 

Lactuca  Sylvestris,  L.  scariola — 1.  Villosa, 
Mulgedium  acuminatum. 

Lactuca  Viro'sA,  L.r/rov'eolens,  Stronfj-scented 
Lettuce,  (F.)  Laitue  virense.  The  odour  of  this 
plant,  the  leaves  of  which  are  used  in  medicine, 
is  stronL'ly  narcotic,  and  the  taste  bitter.  They 
are  narcotic,  diuretic,  and  aperient;  and  have 
been  used  in  dropsies.  Ijactu'ca  elon^a'tn,  Wild 
Lettuce  of  the  United  States,  has  been  employed 
for  L.  virosa. 

LACTL'CARIUM,  see  Lactuca. 

LACTT'CIMEN,  Aphthic. 

LACTUCIMINA,  Aphthiie. 

LACTUMEN,  Porrigo  larvalis. 


LACTFMINA,  Aphtha;. 

LACU'NA,  Canatic'utns,  diminutive  of  lacii; 
'  a  hike  or  deep  ditch.'  A  Fossa  or  Ditch.  A 
sinali  cavity  in  a  mucous  membrane,  the  parietes 
of  which  secrete  a  viscid  humour.  It  is  used 
synonymously  with  crypt.  Also,  the  exlornul 
opening  of  such  cavity. 

Lacuna,  Crypta,  Fontanella  —  \.  Cerebri,  In- 
fundiliulum  of  tlio  brain.  Pituitary  gland. 

Lacuna  seu  Sulcus  seu  Sul'culus  La'bii 
SuPEitlo'lils,  Amal'ile,  Amalo'rium,  I'hiltrum, 
Phile'trum.  The  hollow  of  the  upper  lip  under 
the  nose. 

Lacuna  Magna,  see  Urethra. 

Lacuna;,  see  Urethra. 

Lacuna;  op  Rone.  Certain  dark  stellate  sjiots, 
with  tliread-like  lines  radiating  from  them,  seen 
under  a  high  magnifying  power.  These  were  at 
first  believed  to  be  solid  osseous  or  bone  corpuscles 
or  cells,  Oorpus'cula  os'siuni,  Corpuscles  of  Pur- 
kiuje,  (F.)  Cellules  des  os  ou  osseuscs,  Corpusculea 
des  OS  ou  uoirs  ou  ramifies  ou  calcaires,  Oslfo- 
plastes  ;  but  are  now  regarded  as  excavations  in 
the  bone  —  Sac'culi  chalicopjh'ori  —  with  minute 
tubes  or  canaliculi  proceeding  from  tliem,  and 
communicating  wiih  the  Haversian  canals.  The 
lacunar  and  canaliculi  are  fibres  concentrated  in 
the  transit  of  nutrient  fluid  through  the  osseous 
tissue. 

Lacuna;  Graaeia'na:,  Z.  miico'sa;  niZicB.  The 
mucous  follicles  of  the  vagina. 

Lacuna:  Mucosa;  Vulva;,  L.  Graailanai  —  1, 
Palpebrarum,  Meibomius,  glands  of. 

LACU'NAR,  La'qnear,  'an  arched  roof  The 
roof  of  a  chamber.     Hence, 

Lacu'nar  Ou'BiTyE.     The  roof  of  the  orbit. 

Lacunar  Ventkiculi  Quarti  Superioii,  VaU 
vula  Vieussenii. 

LACUAE  DE  LA  L ANGUS,  Cajcum  fora- 
men. 

LACUS  LACRYMALIS,  Lachrymal  sac. 

Lacus  Lacryma'rum.  A  small  space  in  the 
inner  angle  of  the  eye  between  the  lids,  towards 
which  the  tears  flow,  and  at  which  the  triangular 
canal  formed  between  the  closed  lids  terujiuates. 

LADA,  Pif)er  nigrum. 

LADANUM,  sec  Cistus  creticus. 

LA  DEN  DO,  Influenza. 

LADIES  MANTLE,  Alchemilla. 

LADIES'  SLII'PEH,  SHOWY,  Cypripedium 
spectahile  —  1.  Slii)per.  stemless,  Cyiiripedium 
acaule — 1.  Slij)pcr,  yellow,  Cyprii)ediuin  hiteum. 

LADIES'  SMOCK,  Cardamine  pra;tcnsis. 

LA  DUE.  Leprous. 

LA  DRERJE  (P.),  from  ladre,  '  a  leper.'  (F.) 
L>eproserie,  Muladrerie.  A  vulgar  name  for 
elephantiasis,  or  lepra.  Also,  an  hospital  for  the 
reception  of  the  leprous,  Leprosa'rium,  Domu$ 
leprosa'ria,  Jjcper  hospital. 

LADYBIRD,  Coceinella  septempunctata. 

LADYBUG,  Coceinella  septempunctata. 

LADYCOW,  Coceinella  septempunctata. 

LADY  CRESPIGNY'S  PILLS,  see  Pilnlae 
Aloes  et  Kina)  Kinas. 

Lady  Hesketh's  Pills,  see  Pilnlae  Aloes  et 
Kinae  Kinsie. 

Lady  Webster's  Pills,  see  Pilulae  Aloes  et 
Kinae  Kinte. 

LADY'S  THUMB,  Polygonum  persicaria. 

LiEDENS,  pi.  Lerden't'ia,  from  la:do,'to  hurt.' 
Any  thing  hurtful  or  injurious,  as  to  the  economy. 

L^.MOPARALYSIS,  (Esophagoplegia. 

L^.MOS,  Pharynx. 

L  jT.  M  0  S  C  I  R  '  R  H  U  S,  Cancer  phanjn'f/is  et 
cesoph'af/i,  I^epmosteno'sis  seu  Ui/sphn'gia  seirrho'- 
sa ;  from  \at^o(,  'the  pharynx  or  oesophagus. 
Cancer  of  the  pharvnx  or  oesophagus. 

LiEMOSTENOS'lS,  Dysphagia  constricta— 
1.  Scirrhosa,  Lamoscirrhus, 


LiESIO 


525 


LAMINARIA   DIGITATA 


liM^lO,  Lesion  —  1.  Continui,  see  Continuity, 
goluti'Mi  (pf. 

L/1-yriKrCAN'TIA,  from  ?(Bf!/ivo   {/ahm,  and 
ftici'i).  '  I  make  f?'"''-'     Medicines  formerly  used 
us  cdriliiilc,  in  dejircssion  of  spirits,  &c. 
L/KV  r<JATIO,  Levisation. 
L/KVITAS  IXTESTIXORUM,  Lientery. 
LA(ii:.\TOMUM,  Harelip. 
LA(iNI',A,  Coition,  Satyriasis,  Sperm. 
liAW.NKIA,  Coition,  Satyriasis,  Sperm. 
LA(}N'K.S[S,    Furor   Femininus,    Nymphoma- 
nia—  1.  Furor  maseulinus,  Satyriasis  —  1.  Salaci- 
tas,  Satyriasis. 

LA(;Sn;UMA,  Coition,  Sperm. 
LAtiNIA.  Satyriasis. 
LAdXOSIS,  Satyriasis. 
LAiJOtMIKFLIIS,  Harelip. 
LA(iONM':S.  Flanks. 
LAtiONO PONGS,  Pleurodynia. 
LA(;ONTO.MU.M,  Harelip. 
LAtiOPHTHAL'AIIA,    from    Aayoj,  'a   hare,' 
and  o/)viiA/Jof.  'an  eye.'     L)itf<>plith<i/'niiin,  Lepori'- 
nim  Oc'itlim,  Hare's  Eye  ;  (F.)   (Eil  de  Lievre.     A 
vicious  arrangement  of  the  upper  eyelid,  which 
is  so  retracted  that  it  cannot  cover  the  globe  of 
the  eye  during  sleep.     It  has  been  asserted  that 
this  condition  of  the  eye  is  natural  in  the  hare 
when  asleep. 

LA<iOPIITHALMUS,  Lagophthalmia,  Geum 
urbanuni. 

LA(!OSTOMA,  Harelip. 
LAG  TEETH,  Molar  teeth. 
LAlCIfE,  Sarsaparilla  (lermaniea  —  l.  des  Sa- 
bles, Sarsaparilla  Gcrmanica. 

LAIT,  Milk  —  I.  Adoncissaitt,  Loooh  ex  ovo  — 
/.  d'Aiieise,  Milk,  asses'  —  I.  d'AmrDides,  Emulsio 
iiinygdalai  —  I.  d' Anofietida,  Mistura  asafnetidne 
— /.  de  lieune.  Buttermilk  —I.  dr;  Iirel>!»,  Milk, 
ewes'  —  /.  Cnille,  Curds  —  /.  de  Chevre,  Milk, 
pnnts'  —  /.  Epniiche,  L.  repnndii  —  /.  de  Fetiuiir, 
Milk,  human — I.  de  Jitmeiit,  Milk,  mares' — I.  de 
Pottle,  see  Ovum. 

LAir  REPANDU.  (P.)  /..  (panel,?.  A  po- 
pular expression  in  Frnnce,  under  which  is  eom- 
preheniloil  every  kind  of  disease  (and  particularly 
vngue  pains)  occurring  after  delivery  ;  all  being 
ascribed  to  diffusion  or  deposition  of  milk. 

LAIT  DE   TERRE,  Magnesire  earbonas  — Z. 
de  Vfiche,  Milk  of  the  cow — /.  Vinjiiud,  Virgin's 
milk. 
LAITEUX,  Lactic, 

LAITERON  DOUX,  Sonchus  oleracens. 
LAIT! AT,  (F.)  Sour  whey,  in  which  different 
wild  fruits  have  been  macerated.  Said  to  be  much 
used  in  the  .Jura  as  a  refreshing  drink. 

LAITUE  ORDINAIRE.  Lettuce—?.  Smivarje, 
Lactnca  scariola  —  /.  Scan'nle,  Lactuca  scariola 
— /.  Vireiiie,  Lactuca  virosa. 

LA'ITY,  La'ici ;  from  Xnof,  'the  people.'  For- 
merly, and  generally  at  the  present  day,  the 
people  as  distinguished  from  the  clergy.  Fre- 
quently, however,  employed  in  the  sense  of  the 
people  as  distinguished  from  those  of  the  other 
learned  prufossions.  A  lai/inaii  is  one  of  the  laity. 
LAKEWEED,  Polygonum  hydropiper. 
LAIiI A,  Voice,  nrticulateil. 

LALLA'TION,  Lalla'Ho,  Lnmhdaris'mns, 
Lnhdacls'miis,  Ltd'lnhy  speech.  Sauvages  uses 
this  term  for  a  vicious  pronunciation,  in  which 
the  letter  L  is  iuijiroperly  doubled,  or  softened, 
or  substituted  for  11. 

LAMAC,  Ac!icia>  gumnii. 
LAMUnAClSMUS.  Lnllation. 
LAMP>nOir),  Latididold'al.  Lamdni'des,  Lamh- 
do'dcs,  L<tmlidii)'detis,  from  the  Greek  letter  A, 
XiJM/3i'ii,  and  nAoj,  'shape,'  'resemblance.'  Ana- 
tomists have  given  the  name  LAMnnorn.M,  Sttiire, 
Sutu'rti  Laiiibduida'lis  seu  lambdo'iilea  seu  lamb- 


dnidea  seu  PidrcF,  to  the  suture',  formed  hj'  the 
parietal  bones  atid  the  occipital,  because  it  re- 
sembles the  letter  A,  lamhda,  of  the  Greeks.  It 
is  the  Occipito-part'etal  suture.  Suture  occijjtliilr, 
(Ch.)  In  this  suture,  the  ossa  Wonniana  are 
most  frequently  met  with  ;  and  the  denticulatious 
are  most  <listinctly  marked. 

LAM  HE  A  U,  Flap. 

LAMBITIVUM,  Eclectos. 

LAMI5KILL,  Kalmia  latifolia. 

LAMBKILLER,  Andromeda  mariana. 

LAME,  Lamina  —  /.  Cornee,  Taenia  semicircu- 
laris — l.  Hiii/seliieiiiie,  lluyschiana  tunica. 

LAJIELLA,  Lamina — 1.  Plana,  Planum  os. 

LAMEL'LAR,  Lamello'stis,  Lam'inated,  (F.) 
Lamellettx,  Laiiiineiir,  composed  of  thin  laminre 
or  leaves  —  as  the  IjiimelUir  ox  lamiitated  tisnue  ; 
i.  e.  the  areolar  ti'sstte. 

LAM  EL  LEUX,  Lamellar. 

LAMENESS,  Claudication. 

LAMIER,  Lamium  album. 

LAM'INA,  LaweVla,  (F.)  Lame.  A  thin,  flat 
part  of  a  bone,  a  plate  or  table,  as  the  cribriform 
lamina  or  plate  of  the  ethmoid  bone.  Lamhtn 
and  Lamella  are  generally  used  synonymously; 
although  the  latter  is  properly  a  diminutive  of 
the  former. 

Lamiva  Ciliaris,  Ciliary  zone. 

Lam'ina  Cinkr'ra.  a  thin  layer  of  gray  sub- 
stance, which  fortns  the  anterior  part  of  the  infe- 
rior boundary  of  the  third  ventricle  of  the  brain. 

Lam'ina  Cou'mka,  Toi'nia  Tari'ni.  A  yellow- 
ish band  or  a  thickening  of  the  lining  membrane 
of  the  ventricle,  by  which  the  vena  corporis 
striati  is  overlaid  in  the  lateral  ventricle  of  the 
brain. 

Lamina  CniBROSA,  Cribriform  lamella  —  1.  Cri- 
brosa  ossis  ethmoi'iiei,  see  Crible  —  I.  Fusca,  see 
Sderotic^l.  Medullaris  triangularis  cerebri,  Lyra 
— 1.  Papyracea,  Planum  os — 1.  Perforata  anterior, 
Locus  perforatus  anticus — 1.  Perforata  posterior, 
see  Tarini  pons. 

LAJriNA  Peritonei  Externa.  The  outer  la- 
mina or  fold  of  the  peritonaeum. 

Lamina  Prima  'Cutis.  Epiilermis. 

Lamina  Si'ira'lis,  Septtim  sealtB  sen  coch'lecs 
aiidito'rt'cB.  A  partition  between  the  scaliB  of 
the  cochlea.  The  largest  part  of  this,  next  the 
modiolus,  is  formed  of  bone.  The  remainder,  or 
that  part  next  the  opposite  side  of  the  scalae,  is 
composed  of  a  cartilaginous  membrane,  called,  by 
Valsalva,  Zona  seu  Zn'ntila  Uoch'lecp..  By  some 
anatomists,  the  lamina  is  divided  into  a  Zo«i% 
os'sea  and  Z.  tttnllis.  By  others,  it  is  considered 
to  consist  of  four  lamin.c,  when  examined  with  a 
strong  glass:  a  Zona  os'sea,  next  to  the  modiolus 
—  a  Zona  coria'cea,  on  the  outer  side  of  this  :  a 
Zona  vesictda'ris  —  and  a  Zona  memhrana'cea, 
which  is,  perhaps,  the  lining  membrane  of  the 
cochlea.  At  the  apex  of  the  cochlea,  the  lamina 
spiralis  terminates  by  a  pointed  hook-shaped  pro 
cess,  ham'tdns  lam'ino',  spira'lis. 

Lamina  of  a  Vertebra,  see  Vertebra. 

Lam'IN.T;      DoRSA'LES,     Dorsal     lamina:.        TwO 

oval  masses  on  each  side  of  the  primitive  groove 
of  the  embryo,  which  approach  so  as  to  form  a 
groove,  in  which  are  lodged  the  future  brain  and 
spinal  marrow. 

Lamin.e  Si>ongios.t;  Nasi,  Turbinated  bones. 

Lam'in.k  Ventra'i.es,  L.  riscera'les.  Thick- 
ened prolongations  of  the  serous  layer  of  the  ger- 
minal membrane,  which,  by  their  union,  form  the 
anterior  wall  of  the  trunk  of  the  new  being. 

LAMIXA'RIA  DIGITA'TA,  Tangle.  One  of 
the  Algfe  eaten  in  Scotland,  and  hawked  about 
the  streets  with  the  Pepper-dulse. 

The  leaf  of  a  se.a-weed  —  a  species  of  Lami- 
naria  —  is  employed  in  the  Himalayas  under  the 


LAMINATED 


526 


LAPIDILLUM 


nnmft  of  (joitrc  leaf;  so  called  because  chewed  by 
t!ic  inhal)itiint?,  where  goitre  prevails. 
LAMINATED,  Lamellar. 
LAMINhWX,  Lamellar. 

LA'MIUM  ALBUM,  L./olio'sum,  Urti'camnr'. 
tnn,  Gdleop'nis  ArvIiiDujel'ica,  Dead  or  White 
Arch'mvjcl  Nettle,  (F.)  Ortie  blanche  ou  mnrte, 
(S.)  I)ai/iiettle,  Lamier.  Ord.  Labiatae.  Infu- 
sions of  this  plant  have  been  recommended  in 
uterine  hemorrhage,  and  leueorrhoea.  It  is  not 
used. 

L.v'mium  Ampt.exicau'le,  Dead  Nettle,  Henbit  ; 
naturalized;  flowering  from  May  to  October  j  is 
regarded  as  tonic,  diaphoretic,  and  laxative. 

Lamium  Foi.iosum,  L.  album  —  1.  Moiitanum, 
Melittis  raelissophyllum — 1.  Plinii,  Melittis  melis- 
sophyllum — 1.  Rubrurn,  Galeopsis. 

LAMOTTE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
thermal  springs  are  in  the  department  of  Is&re, 
France.     Temperature,  184°. 
LAMPOURDE,  Xanthium. 
LAMPROPIIO'NUS,  from  Aa/iipot,  'clear,' and 
^Ki/17,  '  voice.'     One  who  has  a  clear  voice. 
LAMPSANA,  Lnpsana. 
LAMPYRIS  NOCTILUCA.  Cicindela. 
LANA  PHILOSOPHORUM,  Zinci  oxydum. 
LANARIA,  Saponaria,  Verbascum  nigrum. 
LANCE  BE  MA  URICEA  U,  ( F. )     An  instru- 
ment invented  by  Mauriceau  for  perforating  the 
head  of  the  fnetus.     A  perforator. 
LANCELET,  Lancet. 
LANCEOLA,  Lancet. 

LANCET,  Lance'ola,  Lnneet'tn,  Schaete'rion, 
Scnlpiim  chinir'gicum,  Lance'let,  (Prov.)  Fame, 
(F.)  Lnncette,  —  diminutive  of  /(Tnce<7, 'a  lance.' 
A  surgical  instrument,  used  in  the  operation  of 
phlebotomy.  It  is  composed  of  two  parts,  the 
liandle,  (F.)  Cltnfme,  and  the  blade,  (F.)  Lame. 
The  former  is  made  of  two  small  plates  of  ivory, 
bone,  or  shell,  movable  on  the  blade  for  whose 
preservation  they  are  intended.  The  blade  is 
formed  of  well-polished  steel.  Lancets  are  made 
of  different  shapes;  some  being  broad-shouldered 
—  others,  upear-polnted.  The  French  distin- 
guished three  kinds:  1.  Laucetfe  d  (/rain  d'orije, 
which,  on  account  of  the  almost  oval  shape  of  its 
point,  makes  a  large  opening.  2.  The  L.  d  lan- 
<jite  de  serpent,  which  is  very  narrow  towards  the 
point;  and,  3.  L.  d  i/rain  d'avoine,  which  holds  a 
medium  station  between  the  two  former,  and  is 
generally  preferred. 

The  AhKcess  Lancet  is  merely  a  large  lancet  for 
the  purpose  of  opening  abscesses. 

The  employment  of  a  lancet,  for  opening  ab- 
scesses, &c.,  is  called  Lanciuy. 
LANC^7^TA.  Lancet. 
LANCETTE.  Lancet. 
LANtJETTIER,  (F.)     A  lancet-case. 
LANCfNANT,  Lancinating. 
LAN'CINATINli,  Litn'chiann,  from  landnare, 
lanchiatnm    {laiicea,    '  a    lance,'),    '  to    strike    or 
thrust    through.'     (F.)    Lancinaut,    (substantive, 
JElancement.)     A  species  of  pain,  which   consists 
in  lancinations  or  shootings,  similar  to  those  that 
would  be  produced  by  the  introduction  of  a  sharp 
instrument  into  the  suffering   part.     It  is  espe- 
cially in  cancer  that  this  kind  of  pain  is  felt. 
L.\NCING,    see    Lancet— 1.   the    Gums,  De- 

ehaiisspiiient. 

LAND'S  END,  CLIMATE  OP.  The  climate 
of  the  Land's  End,  in  England,  resembles  that 
of  the  south  of  Devonshire,  but  is  more  relaxing. 
It  is  considered  to  be  most  likely  to  prove  bene- 
ficial in  consumptive  cases,  in  which  the  disease 
is  accompanied  by  an  irritated  state  of  the  pul- 
monary  mucous  membrane,  producing  a  dry 
cough.  Where  the  system  is  relaxed,  and  the 
secretion  from  the  lungs  considerable,  the  climate, 
it  is  conceived,  will  generally  prove  injurious. 


As  a  brumal  retreat,  the  southern  coast  of  De- 
vonshire would  seem  to  be  preferable  to  it. 

LANGEAC,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Aci- 
dulous,  mineral  waters  at  Langeac,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Ilaute-Loire,  France.  They  are  em- 
ployed as  refrigerant,  aperient,  and  diuretic. 
They  contain  carbonic  acid,  carbonates  of  soda 
and  magnesia,  and  a  little  iron. 

LANtiDEBEF,  Anchusa  officinialis.  . 
LANGKNSCIIWALRACII.  Schwalbach 
LAN'GII  AQUA  EPILEP'TICA,  Kpilcp'tic 
Water  of  Lani/his,  formerly  employed  against 
epilepsy.  It  was  composed  of  the  flowers  of  cmi- 
vallaria  and  lavender,  Spaniah  wine,  cinnamon 
nntmrg,  mistletoe,  penny  and  dittany  roots,  long 
pepper,  cnht-hs,  and  rosemary  flowers. 

LANGUE,  Tongue  —  I.  Abaissenr  de  la,  Qlos- 
soeatochus  —  I.  de  Carpe,  Fish-tongue,  see  Lever 
—  I.  de  Ccrf,  Asplenium  seoloperinilum  —  I,  de 
Cheval,  Ruscus  hypoglossum — I.  de  CIn'en,  Oyno- 
glossum — /.  de  Serpent,  Ophioglossum  vulgatuiii. 
LANG U EUR,  Languor. 

LANtiUOR,  Aph'esis,  Faintness,  (F.)  Lnngnciir. 
A  species  of  atony,  depression,  or  debility,  which 
generally  conies  on  slowly. 

LANtiWORT,  Veratrum  album. 
LANK,  Inguen. 

LAN'TANA,  Sage  Tree,  Blueberry,  (F.)  CaiU 
lean.  The  leaves  of  this  indigenous  plant  form 
a  fine-scented  tea,  like  L.  Camara  or  Itahnnia 
Tea,  and  L.  Pseudothe'a  or  Brazil  Tea.  The  tua 
is  used  as  a  diaphoretic. 

LANU'GO,  Pili  cutis,  Pluma,  from  htna,  'wool.' 
The  soft,  fine  hair  on  dilferent  parts  of  the  body, 
especially  of  the  young. 

Lanugo     Piuma,    Geneias  —  1.    Pudendorum, 
Pubes — I.  Sili(iu8B  hirsutae,  see  Dolichos  pruriens. 
LANUVIUM.  Vulva. 

LAON'ICA  CURA'TIO  seu  CURA,  from  Uou 
'the  people.'  A  popular  mode  of  treating  the 
gout  in  the  middle  ages,  which  consisted  in  the 
employment  of  local  applications,  proper  for 
evacuating  the  morbific  matter.  [?] 
LAOS,  Tin. 

LAPACTICUS,  Cathartic,  Laxative. 
LAPARA,  Abdomen,  Flanks,  Lumbi. 
LAPARENTEROTOMIA,  Laparo  enterotomy. 
LAPAROCE'LE,    from    Xairapa,   'the   luinhar 
region,'    and    Kt)\r),  'rupture.'     Lnmbnr   Hernia, 
through  a  separation  of  the  fibres  of  the  quadra- 
tus  lumborum,  and  a  protrusion  of  the  aponeu- 
rosis of  the  transverse  muscle  on  the  outside  of 
the  mass  common  to  the  sacro-lumbalis  and  lon- 
gissimus  dorsi. — Cloquet. 

LAPAROGYSTOTOMIA,  see  Lithotomy. 
LAPARO-ELYTROTOMIA,  Cesarean  section. 
LAPARO-ENTEROT'OMY,  Lap' aro- enter,,, 
tom'ia,  Ijajjarenterotom'  ia,  from  \aTtaj>a,  'the  lum- 
bar region,'  the  'abdomen,'  ti/rt/zoi-,  'intestine,' 
and  T0fi)7,  'incision.'  The  operation  of  opening 
the  abdomen  and  intestinal  canal,  for  the  removal 
of  disease. 

LAPAROSCOPIA,  Abdominoscopia. 
LAPAROTOMY.  Gastrotomy,  especially  when 
executed  in  the  lumbar  region.  See  Gastrotomy. 
LAPATIIOS,  Rnmex  acutus  —  1.  Aquaticiim, 
Rumex  bydroiapathum  —  1.  Chinense.  Rheum  — 
1.  Orientale,  Rheum — 1.  Sanguineuin,  Rumex 
sanguineus  —  1.  Unetuosum,  Chenopodium  bonus 
Ilenricus. 

LAPATHUM,  Rumex  acutus— 1.  Acutum,  P.u- 
mex  acutus  —  1.  Ilortense.  Rumex  j)atientia  — I. 
Pratense,  Rumex  acetosus — 1.  Scutatum,  Rumex 
scutatus — 1.  Sylvestre,  Rumez  acutus,  R.  obtu- 
sifolius. 

LAPAXIS,  Evacuation. 

LAPE,  Mucus. 

LAPIDIL'LUM,  from  lapis, '  a  stone.'   Blasios 


LAPILLATIO 


527 


LARYNGEAL 


has  piven  this  name  to  a  kind  of  scoop,  used  for 
cxtraitin<;  stone  from  the  bladder. 
LAPILLATIO,  Lithia. 

LAl'ILLI  GLANDULiE  PINEALIS,  see  Pi- 
neal ulanil. 

LAPIL'LUS,  diminutive  of  hipin,  'a  stone.'  A 
small  stone;  gravel;  a  grain  of  sand. 

LAPIS,  Calculus — 1.  Accipitrum,  Ilieracites 
—  1.  AcTosus,  Calamina  —  1.  Aninioniaei,  see  Am- 
moniac gum — 1.  Animalis,  Blood  —  1.  Arnienius, 
Melochites — 1.  Aureus,  Urine — 1.  Bezoardicus, 
Bezoar  —  1.  Cseruleus,  Cupri  sulphas  —  1.  Calaiiii- 
naris,  Calamina  —  1.  Carneolus,  Cornelian  —  1. 
Causticus,  Potassa  cum  calce,  Potassa  fusa  —  1. 
CoUyiDUS,  jEtites — 1.  Contrayervae,  Pulvis  con- 
traycrvae  coinpositus  —  1.  Cyanus,  L.  lazuli. 

Laims  Divi'nus,  L.  Ophthal'mioisscu  OphthnV- 
micim  Sti.  Ivesii.  Cuprum  ohimina'tum,  (F.)  Pier- 
re dir'me,{Ciipr{ siilplint.,  Ahuiiin.,  PutdHH.  nilrrit. 
aa  5J-  Melt  together,  atlding  at  the  end  Cam- 
pin, r.  ,!5Jss.)  Employed  to  make  an  eye-water, 
gij  ad  (KjiKB  ^iv. 

Laims  Fui^mineits,  Ceraunion  —  1.  Hematites, 
Haematites — 1.  Ileracleus,  Alagnet — 1.  Infernalis, 
Argenti  nitras  —  1.  Infernalis  alkalinus,  Potassa 
fusa  —  1.  Infernalis  sive  septicus,  Potassa  cum 
calce — 1.  Judaicus,  Juda!us  (lapis). 

Lapis  Lazu'li,  L.  Ci/'auns,  Asulci.  Lnz'ulitc. 
(F.)  I'ierre  d'aznr,  Oiitremer.  A  stone,  of  a, 
beautiful  blue  colour;  opake  ;  and  close-grained: 
fracture,  dull.  It  is  composed  of  sile.x  ;  alumina  ; 
carbonate  and  sulphate  of  lime;  oxide  of  iron, 
and  water.  It  was  formerly  looked  ui)on  as  a 
purgative  and  emetic,  and  given  in  epilepsy. 

Laims  Mai.ucensis,  Bezoard  of  the  Indian 
porcupine  —  1.  Nauticus,  Magnet  —  1.  Ophthalmi- 
cus, L.  Divinus  —  1.  Ophthalmicus  St.  Ivesii,  L. 
Divinus  —  1.  Phoenicites,  Judajus  (lapis)  — 1.  Por- 
cinus,  Bezoard  of  the  Indian  porcupine  —  1.  Pru- 
nellas, Potassse  nitras  fusus  sulpbatis  paucillo 
inixtus  —  1.  Sardius,  Cornelian  —  1.  Septicus, 
Causticum  commune,  Potassa  fusa — 1.  Specula- 
ris,  S.  liiciduin  —  1.  Syderitis,  Magnet  —  1.  Syri- 
(icus,  Judi«us  (lapis)  —  1.  Vini,  Potassae  supertar- 
tras  iinpurus. 

LAPPA,  Arctium  lappa,  Galium  aparine,  Lip- 
pitudo  —  1.  Minor,  Xantbium. 

LAPPULA  IIEPATICA,  Agrimony. 

LAP'SANA,  Lamp' sunn,  Na'piiim,  Papilla' - 
ri»  herba,  Dock-crensen,  hippie- Wort,  (So.)  Bol- 
gnn  leaves,  (F.)  Laiiipuniie,  Herbe  aiix  Afamellea. 
This  plant  is  a  lactescent  bitter.  It  has  been 
chiefly  employed,  however,  as  an  external  appli- 
cation to  sore  nipples,  itc. 

LAPSUS  PILORUM,  Alopecia. 

LAQ,  Laqueus. 

LAQUE.  Lacca. 

LAQUEAR.  Lacunar. 

LA'giiEAR  Vaoi'n'.f,,  Fundus  Vaffince  {Inquertr, 
'the  inward  roof  of  a  house').  The  part  of  the 
vagina  in  which  the  cervix  uteri  terminates. 

L.VQUEUS,  Fiiiiii.  A  cord,  ligature  or  ban- 
dage, with  running  knots; — a  A'oose,  a  loop.  A 
Jillet,  lirorhns,  Parli'etox.  (F.)  L'lC.  Laq  OU  Lac<]. 
The  term  is  applied  to  a  bandage  or  fillet  of  any 
kind,  attached  by  means  of  a  loop  upon  any 
part,  with  the  view  of  fixing  it;  as  in  certain 
cases  of  labour,  where  a  ham!  or  foot  presents; 
or  to  facilitate  extension  in  luxations  and  frac- 
tures. 

Also:  —  A  prominent  band  in  the  brain,  Leni- 
nii'cHs,  behind  the  brachium  posterius  of  the 
corpora  quadrigeniina,  which  marks  the  course 
of  the  superior  division  of  the  fasciculus  olivaris. 

LAQi'Kirs  (Jitt'tiikis,  '  Noosc  of  the  throat.' 
Violent  inflammation  of  the  tonsils,  in  which  the 
patient  appears  as  if  suffocated  by  a  noose.  Ac- 
cording to  some,  gangrenous  cynanche. 

LARCH,  Pinus  larix. 


LAPiD,  Adep.s. 

LAli DACE,  Lardaceous. 

LARDA'CEOUS,  Lardit'ceus,  Lar'tleut,  Lnrd'- 
iforiii.  Lard ifor' ruin,  (F.)  I^ardaci  ;  from  larditxn, 
'  lard,'  the  fat  of  bacon.  An  epithet  given  to 
certain  organic  alterations  in  the  textures,  whose 
aspect  and  consistence  resemble  lard.  (F.)  Tinxus 
lardacex.  They  constitute  what  has  been  termed 
the  Larda'ceons  or  Chol'eateritie  Diseafe.  From 
their  waxy  appearance  the  pathological  condition 
has  been  called  Cero'nia. 

LARDEUS,  Lardaceous. 

LARDIFORM,  Lardaceous. 

LARDUM,  Adeps. 

LARGE.  Broad. 

LARIDUM,  Adeps. 

LARIX.  Pinus  iarix  —  1.  Communis,  Pinus 
larix  —  1.  Decidua,  Pinus  Iarix  —  1.  Europaea,  Pi- 
nus Iarix  — I.  Pyramidiilis,  Pinns  larix. 

LARKSPUR,  BRANCHING,  Delphinium  con- 
solida. 

LARME,  Tear. 

LARMOIEMENT.  Epiphora. 

LAROCHE  POSAY,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Simple  suphurous  waters  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Vienne.  France. 

LAR'REA  MEXICA'NA,Z.^/»</»o'»,im,  Crc'. 
aeote  plnut.  Order,  Zygophyllaceic.  A  shrub, 
growing  in  Arkansas,  Southern  Texas,  New  Mexi- 
co, and  Northern  Mexico,  which  abounds  in  a 
strong-scented  resinous  matter:  and  is  used,  ex- 
ternally and  internally,  in  rheumatism,  and  in 
sj'philitic,  and  other  yiains. 

LARVA,  Mask.  Also  the  larve,  r/rub.  or  Tcr- 
miforin  condition  of  an  insect:  the  first  change 
it  experiences  after  leaving  the  ovum.  Larves 
of  insects  are  occasional!}'  developed  in  the  in- 
testinal canal  from  ova  swallowed.    See  Ectozoa. 

LARVE,  Mask. 

LARVE,  M^asked. 
,  LAR  YNGE,  Laryngeal. 

LARYNGE'AL,  LaryiKje'un,  (F.)  LaryngS, 
Laripajien.  Same  etymon  as  Larynx.  That 
which  belongs  to  the  larynx. 

Lary.vgkal  Arteries  are  given  off  from  the 
thyroid  arteries. 

Laryxreai.  Nerves,  (F.)  Nerfs  Larynges, 
are  two  in  nuinlier: — a  superior  and  an  inferior. 
The  superior  lari/ni/eal  nerve  is  given  ofl"  from 
the  trunk  of  the  pneumogastrie,  at  the  upper 
and  deep  part  of  the  neck.  It  passes  downwards 
and  inwards,  behind  the  internal  carotid  artery, 
and  divides  into  two  secondary  branches ;  the 
one,  external,  which  distributes  its  filaments,  on 
the  outside  of  the  larynx,  to  the  sterno-thyroid, 
hyo-thyroid,  constrictor  inferior,  crico-th3'roid 
muscles,  Ac.  The  other,  the  internal,  which 
crosses  the  thyro-hyoid  membrane,  and  gives 
filaments  to  the  epiglottis,  the  mucous  mem- 
branes of  the  pharynx  and  larynx,  to  the  aryte- 
noid gland,  the  arytenoid  and  crico-thyroid  mus- 
cles, and  ultimately  anastomoses  with  the  inferior 
laryngeal  nerve.  The  inferior  larynt/eal  nerves 
or  reeur'renta,  A^ervi  rerersi'vi,  Eameaux  Tra- 
elieaux  (Chans.,)  arise  from  the  trunk  of  the 
pneumogastrie  within  the  thorax.  They  ascend 
in  the  furrow,  which  separates  the  trachea  from 
the  cesophasrus.  to  be  distributed  on  the  neck, 
after  having  been  reflected  ; — the  left  ar<mnd  the 
arch  of  the  aorta:  the  right,  around  the  corre- 
sponding subclavian.  They  send  off  filaments 
to  the  cardiac  plexuses;  to  the  parietes  of  the 
oesophairus,  and  trachea ;  to  the  thyroid  gland  ; 
to  the  inferior  constrictor  of  the  pharynx  :  the 
posterior  and  lateral  crico-arytenoid  and  thyro- 
arytenoid muscles:  and  to  the  mucous  membrane 
of  the  pharynx  and  larj'nx. 

Laryxgeal  Piituisis,  Phthisis,  laryngeal. 


LARYNGECIIE 


528 


LARYNX 


Laryngeal  Potchks.  Small  cK/x-f/e-sfrcwliieh 
lead  from  the  anterior  part  of  c:u-h  vent^-icle  of 
the  larynx  upwards,  for  the  space  of  half  an  inch, 
between  the  superior  ligaments  on  the  inner  side, 
and  the  thyroid  cartilage  on  the  outer,  reaching 
as  high  as  the  upper  border  of  that  cartilage  at 
the  siiles  of  the  epiglottis.  Numerous  small  glands 
open  into  them. 

Laryngkal  Sound,  Laryngeche. 
Laryngeal  Veins  open  into  the  internal  jugu- 
lar.    Winslow  gives  the  name  laryngeal  to  the 
auperinr  thi/roiii  aiteii/. 

Laryngeal  Voice,  see  Voice. 
LARYNGE'CHE,    from    larynx,  and   nxv,  or 
jjyo;,  '  sound.'     The  Ittrynrjeid  «oi(»rf  heard  by  the 
stethoscope  during  breathing  and  speaking. 

LARYNGEMPilRAX'IS,  from  larynx,  and 
eiKfipa^ts,  'obstruction.'  Obstruction  of  the  larynx 
from  any  cause. 

LARYNGIE.y,  Laryngeal. 
LARYNGISM'US,   from   larynx.      Spasm   of 
glottis,  giving  occasion  to  contraction  or  closure 
of  the  opening. 

LARYNGISMUS  STRIDULUS,  Asthma  thy- 
micum. 

LARYXGITE,  Laryngitis— ?.  jI/k^xcksc,  La- 
ryngitis (?im|)le) — /.  (Edemateitse,  Qidema  of  the 
glottis — I.  (EdemateuKe  et  sern-piirulente,  Qidema 
of  the  glottis — I.  avec  Production  de  Ftiusaes 
tnembranes,  Cynanche  trachealis — I.  Psendo-mem- 
braneuxe,  Cynanche  trachealis — I.  avec  Secretion 
de  Pus,  Phthisis  laryngea — I.  Sui-rjlottique, 
G3dema  of  the  glottis  —  /.  Striduhuse,  Asthma 
thymicum  —  I.  Suua-muqueuse,  ffidema  of  the 
glottis. 

LARYNGITIS,  from  larynx,  and  itix,  a  suffix 
denoting  inflammation  ;  Injlamma'tio  Laryn'r/ia, 
CynancJie  seu  Aiuji'na  loryn<ji-'a,  (F.)  Larynijite, 
Catarrhe  liiryngien,  Ain/iiie  hiryni/e,  Injlaiiiina- 
tion  of  the  Larynx.  This  disease,  in  some  mea- 
sure, resembles  croup;  but  is  usually  devoid  of 
that  peculiar  sonorous  inspiration,  which  attends 
the  latter.  There  is,  also,  pain  upon  pressing 
the  larynx  ;  and,  whilst  laryngitis  is  a  disease  of 
more  advanced  life,  croup  attacks  children.  The 
membraniform  exudation  is,  also,  absent;  pro- 
bably, because  the  inflammation,  being  seated 
above  the  glottis,  the  coagulable  lymph  is  readily 
expectorated.  It  requires  the  most  active  treat- 
ment. 

Simple  Laryngitis  is  called  by  some  mncons 
Laryni/itis,  Laryngitis  acu'ta  seu  mnco'sa  acuta, 
(F.)  Larynrjite  niuqiteuse,  to  distinguish  it  from 
sabmucouH  Laryn</iti8  or  ffidema  of  the  glottis. 

Chronic  Laryngitis  is  generally  regarded  as 
synonymous  witli  laryngeal  phthisis;  but  it  may 
exist  independently. 

Laryngitis  Acuta,  Laryngitis  —  1.  Chronic, 
see  Phthisis  Laryngea — 1.  Exsudativa,  Cynanche 
trachealis — I.  Membranacea,  Cynanche  trachealis 
— 1.  Mucosa  acuta,  Laryngitis — 1.  Mucous,  Laryn- 
gitis (simple) — 1.  ffiiiematous,  Q5denia  of  the  glot- 
tis— 1.  Polyposa,  Cynanche  trachealis — 1.  Seropu- 
rulenta,  (Edema  of  the  glottis  —  1.  Submucous, 
Qildcma  of  the  glottis  —  1.  et  Tracheitis  chronica, 
see  Phthisis  laryngea — 1.  et  Tracheitis  infantilis, 
Cj'nanche  trachealis. 

LARYNGOCACE,  Cynanche  trachealis. 
LARYNtJO-CATAR'RIIUS,  Catarrhns  Laryn- 
geus  et  trachea'lis.  Catarrh  affecting  the  larynx 
and  trachea  more  especially,  as  indicated  by  al- 
teration of  the  voice  — hoarseness  —  itching  and 
sensation  of  burning  in  those  parts  ;  short  cough 
and  expectoration,  &c. 

L  A  R  Y  N  G  0  -  E  T-T  R  A  C  H  E  0-PIITIIISIS, 
Phthisis  laryngea. 

LARYN(iOG'RAPUY.iarj/j?f/o(/)Y(';j7()"a;frnm 
larynx,  and  ypaipri,  'a  description.'  An  anatomi- 
cal description  of  the  larynx. 


LARYNGOL'OGY,  from  larynx,  and  Uyof, 
'treatise.'  A  treatise  on  the  larynx. 
LARYNGOPARALYSIS,  see" Aphonia. 
LARYNGOPII'ONY,  Laryngopho'nia,  Tra. 
clieopli'ony,  Larynije'al  voice,  'J'raihial  viire  ; 
from  larynx,  and  (pwvji,  '  voice.'  The  sound  heard 
in  health,  wlien  the  stethoscope  is  )ilaeed  over 
the  larynx  or  trachea  at  the  time  a  persim  speak.'*. 
The  voice  appears  to  pass  immediately  up  to  tlio 
ear  of  the  auscultator.  A  similar  jihysical  si^n 
exists  when  there  is  a  cavity  in  the  lungs,  and 
the  instrument  is  placed  over  it  whilst  the  patient 
speaks.     See  Pectoriloquy. 

LARYNGOPHTHISLS,  Phthisis  laryngea. 
LARYNGOSPASMUS.  Asthma  thyinii-iim. 
LARYN(iOSTASlS,  Cynanche  trachealis. 
LARYNGOSTENO'SIS,     from     larynx,    and 
arcvwais,   'contraction.'     Contraction  or  narrow- 
ness of  the  larynx. 

LARYNGOT'OMY,  Laryngotom'in,  from 
larynx,  and  Ttjivciv,  'to  cut.'  A  surgical  opera- 
tion, which  consists  in  opening  the  larynx,  either 
to  extract  a  foreign  body,  or  to  remedy  an  ob- 
struction of  the  glottis.  The  operation  is,  some- 
times, erroneously  called  Bronchutomy,  and  Tra- 
chetonn/. 

LARYNGO-TRACIIEITIS.  Cynanche  tr.i- 
chealis  —  1.  Tracheitis  with  Diphtheritic  exuda- 
tion. Cynanche  trachealis. 

LAR'Y'NX.(gen.//r/»7y»r/)'«,)  'Sapvy^.'yiipvyyos, Ca- 
put seu  Oper'cnhnn  seu  Init"inni  seu  L'iiiin  stipe'- 
rior  sen  Ter'niinns  superior  seu  Pais  prima  im'- 
percF,  arte'rim.  The  apparatus  of  voice  is  situate 
at  the  superior  and  anterior  part  of  the  neck  ;  and 
at  the  top  of  the  trachea,  with  which  it  communi- 
cates. It  is  composed  of  four  cartilages,  —  the 
thyroid,  cricoid,  and  two  arytenoid  ;  is  moved 
by  a  number  of  muscles,  and  lined  by  a  mucous 
membrane,  having  certain  membranous  reflec- 
tions, constituting  the  superior  ligaments  of  the 
glottis,  &o. 

PATtTS    COMPOSING    THE    LaRVNX. 

f  Thyroid. 
,     ~      .,  I  Cricoid. 

1.  Cartilages -j  ^^^  arytenoid. 


Epiglottis 

f  Sterno-thyroid. 

I  Constrictors    of    the 
Extrinsic,  ^      pharynx. 

I  All    the   nuipoles  of 

[      the  hyoiil  region. 

f  Crico-lhyoid. 

I  Crico-arytenoid,pos- 

I      terior. 
Intrinsic,    i  Cryco-arytenoid,  liv- 

I       teral. 

I  Thyroarytenoid. 

[  Arytenoid. 
Ifitseous  Membrane. 

r  Epiglottic. 
Glands \  Arytenoid, 

(  Thyroid. 

Hfembranes •! 


2.  Muscles.  ■ 


Thyro-hyoid. 
Cricothyroid. 


6.  Ligaments. 


f  Cric 
iThy 


-arytenoid, 
yro-arytenoid. 


The  vessels  and  nerves  of  the  larynx  arc  called 
Laryngeid. 

The' larynx  is  destined  to  give  passage  to  the 
air.  in  the  act  of  respiration,  and  to  impress  op'in 
it  certain  modifications,  which  con.-titute  voii^". 
Its  dimensions  vary  in  diflTerent  indivi.hials.  In 
men,  it  is  always  larger,  and  situate  lower,  than 
in  women. 

Larynx,  Pellicitlar  or  Plastic  Inflasiha- 
TION  OF  THE,  Cynanche  trachealis. 


LASANUM 


529 


LAUROSE 


LAS'ANUM,   Sella  familiar' !ca,    (F.)    Cliaine 
litn;e.c.     A  close  stool. 
LASGIVIA,  Satyriasis. 
LASCIVITAS,  Satyriasis. 
LASCIVUS,  Libidinous. 

LASER,  Laserpitiuiu  —  I.  H  Larrjes  fenillea, 
Liiferpitiiiin  latit'oliutn. 

LASI'UIPIT"IUM,  Laser,  Sil'pliium,  o-rros  (tjX- 
^lov.  A  term  applied,  anciently,  both  t»  a  plant 
and  its  juice,  rej^arding  the  nature  of  neither  of 
which  we  possess  any  precise  information.  Bent- 
ley,  Laurence,  Gcoffroi,  <fec.,  regard  it  to  have 
been  the  same  as  asafoetida:  —  Theophrastus, 
Dioscorides,  and  the  ancient  scholiast  of  Aristo- 
phanes, however,  by  assigning  a  sweet  and  .agree- 
able flavour  to  the  laserpitium,  discountenance 
the  idea.  From  whatever  plant  obtained,  it  was 
so  rare,  and  consequently  so  costly,  that  the 
Romans  deposited  it  in  the  public  treasury.  It 
was  obtained  from  Gyrene — Snccus  Gyrena'icus — 
and  likewise  from  Persia  —  the  latter  being  the 
most  valuable.  The  Laserpitium  is  called  by 
Avicenna,  Altihit. 

L.vsKitPiTiUM  AsPERUM,  L.  latifolium. 

Laserpitium  Latifo'mum,  L.  nn'perum,  Gen- 
tin' na  a/hd,  White  Gentinn,  Oerva' ria  alba  ;  (F.) 
Later  a  lari/es  fcnilles.  The  root  of  this  plant  is 
bitter  and  tonic. 

Laskkpitium  Montanitm,  L.  siler. 

L/VSHRPlTiUM  SlLBK,  L.  trifoUa' turn  seu  inon- 
tn'innn,  Ses'eli,  Scuelis,  Siler  iiioittn'iiiim  seu  laii- 
ci/o'liiim,  Jleart-wort,  Serinounlain.  The  seeds 
and  roots  are  possessed  of  aromatic  properties. 

Laskiipituim  Trifoliatiim,  L.  siler. 

LASSITUDE  OCULAIUE,  Copyopia. 

LASSITUDO,  Copos. 

LAST,  Iiiguen. 

LATENS  IN  ORE,  Pterygoideus  internum. 

LATKXT,  Latens,  from  latere,  'to  lie  hid.' 
'Lying  hid,'  'concealed.'  An  epithet  applied  to 
certain  diseases  or  states  of  disease,  in  whic^h  the 
symptoms  are  so  concealed  and  obscure,  morbi 
occul'ti,  as  to  escape  the  observation  of  the  phy- 
sician. Thus,  we  say  latent  injlammation,  latent 
period  of  umall-pox, 

LAT'KKAD,  from  latuR,  latcrin,  'the  side.'  A 
term  used  ndverbially  by  Dr.  Barclay  to  signify 
'towards  the  lateral  aspect.' 

LATERAL  ASPECT,  see  MesiaL 

hKTV,\ilT'lQ\]S,J.aterit"inx,Laterie"ius,(F.) 
Briqitete,  from  later.  Inter  in,  'a  brick.'  An  epi- 
thet applied  to  the  brick-like  sediment,  occasion- 
ally de|)osited  in  the  urine  of  people  aiBicted 
with  fever:  Sedimen'tum  uri'iim  lateric"iuin ;  — 
(F.)   Uriue  hriiinete. 

LAT'EROFLEX'ION,  Lat'eroflex'io.  A  bend- 
ing to  one  side, — as  of  the  uterus. 

L  A  rEltO-VERSlO  X,  Lal'ero-ver'sio.  A 
turning;  or  version  to  one  side, — as  of  the  uterus. 

LATESCENTIS  CHORDAE  (Musculus),  Pal- 
maris  Inngus. 

LATEX  NIVEUS,  Milk. 

LATIIYRIS,  Euphorbia  lathyris. 

LATIH'ULUM,  from  laten,  'I  lie  hid.'  The 
foi/er  of  a  febrile  poison  ;  whence  it  spreads  to 
every  part  to  induce  a  paroxysm.     See  Clapier. 

LAT'ICA.  Same  etymon.  Amphimer'ina  lat'- 
ica  of  Sauvages.  A  species  of  quotidian  remit- 
tent, whose  paroxysms  are  very  long,  and  which 
is  accompanied  with  latent  or  slightly  developed 
fever,  whence  its  name. 

LATICES  LACTEI,  Receptaculum  chyli. 

LATLSSIMUS  COLLI,  Platysma  myoides. 

Latis'simus     Dorsj,     (superlative     of     latns, 
'broad.')  Aniacalp'tor,  Brachinm  movens  quartus, 
(F.)  Limiho-humeral  (Ch.),  Domi-lomhn-sacro-hn-  i 
mf.ral,  Mnnele  grand  dorsal,  -V.  trln  large  d\i  don.  | 
A  flat  m\iscle;  broad,  especially  below ;  thin  ;  quad- 
rilateral ;  and  situate  at  the  posterior,  lateral,  and  I 


inferior  region  of  the  trunk.  It  is  attached  to 
the  posterior  half  of  the  outer  lip  of  the  crest  of 
the  ilium  ;  to  the  posterior  surface  of  the  sacrum  : 
to  the  spinous  processes  of  the  six  or  seven  last 
dorsal  vertebra;,  to  all  those  of  the  loins,  and  to 
the  last  four  false  ribs,  and  is  inserted  by  a  strong 
tendon  at  the  posterior  edge  of  the  bicipital 
groove  of  the  humerus.  Its  upper  fibres  are 
almost  horizontal;  the  middle  very  long  and 
oblique  upwards  and  outwards;  and  the  anterior 
almost  vertical.  This  muscle  carries  the  arm 
backwards,  depressing  it,  and  making  it  turn  on 
its  axis.  It  also  draws  backwards  and  down- 
wards the  prominence  of  the  shoulder.  When, 
suspended  by  an  arm,  we  make  an  effort  to  raise 
ourselves,  it  draws  the  trunk  towards  the  arn). 
It  can,  also,  raise  the  ribs  by  assuming  its  fixi'd 
point  on  the  humerus,  and  become  an  inspiratory 
muscle. 

LATITUDO  humeri.  Scapula. 

LATTICE  WORK,  Cancelli. 

LATUS,  Broad — 1.  Ani,  Levator  ani. 

LAU,  see  Spirit. 

LAUCA'NIA,  Lenca'nia,  Lnu'rhane.  The 
fauces  and  oesophagus.  Also,  the  chin.  —  Gor- 
rseus. 

LAUCIIANE,  Laucania. 

LAUD'ANUM    or  LAUDA'NUM.      Perhaps, 

from  ?«»«,  laudia,  'praise;'  lauda'tnin,  'praiseil.' 

i  Every  preparation  of  opium,  solid  or  liquid,  but 

more  particularly  the  extract  and  tincture,  and 

especially  the  latter. 

Laupanum  Abba'tis  Rousseau,  Guttce  Albati^ 
linnsseait,  Vinum  opia'tum  fermentati<i'ne  para'- 
tiim,  Abbe  liounscan'H  DropH.  [Mel.  Narbunucnn., 
^^xij;  aqn(B  ca/idcB,  Oiij.  Set  in  a  warm  place, 
and,  as  soon  as  the  mixture  ferments,  add  opium, 
,^iv,  dissolved  in  ivatcr,  f^x'j-  I-^et  it  ferment 
for  a  month,  and  evaporate  to  f,^x:  strain,  and 
add  rectified  spirit  of  winr,  f^^ivss. 

Laudanum,  Ford's,  Vinum  opii  —  1.  Liquid. 
Tinotura  opii  —  1.  Liquidum  Iloffmanni,  Vinum 
opii  —  1.  Liquidum  Sydenhami,  Vinum  opii  —  1. 
Opiatuin,  Extractuin  opii — 1.  Simplex,  Extractum 
opii — 1.  Sydenham's,  Vinum  o])ii. 

LAU(jllI,  Risus — 1.  Sardonic,  Canine  laugh. 

LAlMilllNO.  Risiis. 

LAlKillTER,  Risus. 

LAUREL,  Kalniia  latifolia,  Magnolia  macro- 
phylla  —  1.  Broad-leaved,  Kalmia  latifolia  —  1. 
Cherry,  Prunus  lauro-cerasus  —  1.  Common,  Pru- 
nus  lauro-cerasus — 1.  Dwarf,  Kalmia  angustifolia 
— 1.  Great,  Rhododendrcm  maximum — 1.  Ground, 
Epigpea  repens  —  1.  ^Mountain,  Kiilmia  latifolia. 
Rhododendron  —  1.  Narrow-leaved,  Kalmia  an- 
gustifolia  —  1.  Pale,  Kalmia  glauca  —  1.  Poison, 
Prunus  hiuro-cerasus  —  1.  Rose,  Kalmia  latifolia 
— I.  Sheep,  Kalmia  angustifolia — 1.  Swamp,  Kal- 
mia glauca  —  1.  Sweet,  Illieium  Fioridannm  —  1. 
Water,  see  Prunus  lauro-cerasus — 1.  White,  Mag- 
nolia glauca. 

LAURENT,  SAINT,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  A  thermal  spring,  five  leagues  from  Joyeuse 
in  France.     Temp.  127°  Fahr. 

LAUREN'TIA  PINNATIF'IDA,  Pepper, 
duhe.  One  of  the  Algne,  eaten  in  Scotland,  and 
hawked  about  the  streets  of  Edinburgh  along 
with  Lamina'ria  dii/ita'ta  or  Tangle. 

LAUREOLA,  Daphne  laureola. 

LAURIER,  Laurus  —  /.  Alexandrin.Jiu^cns 
hypoglossutn — I.  Amandier,  Prunus  lauro-cerasus 
— /.  d'Apollon,  Laurus — I.  Cerine,  Prunus  Inuro- 
cerasus  —  /.  de  Oei/loti,  Laurus  cinnamomum — /. 
Commnu,  Laurus — /.  des  Cuisines.  Laurus — /.  dea 
^[ontagnen,  Kalmia  latifolia  —  I.  Nrjble,  Laurus  — 
I.  Rone,  Nerium  oleander — /.  de  Trehisonde,  Pru- 
nus lauro-cerasus. 

LAURO-CERASUS,  Prunus  Liuro-cerasus. 

LAUROSE,  Nerium  oleander. 


LAURUS 


530 


L  A  X  A  T  0  R 


LAURUS,  LaiiniH  noh'ilis,  Duph'ite,  Sweet  Bay. 
X<tt.  Oiil.  LauriU-cae.  (F.)  Lmirlcr,  L.  tiuMc  on 
(/e«  citiniiies  oil  vnnimun  ou  iV ApuUtni.  Tlio  U'iives 
!uid  berries,  Laiirm  (Ph.  L.)-  have  a  sweet,  fra- 
jrriint  smell,  and  an  aromatic,  astringent  taste. 
Sweet  bay  has  been  aiiviseil  as  a  stomachic  and 
carminative,  but  is  now  rarely  used.  It  is,  some- 
times, employed  as  a  fomentation  and  in  glys- 
ti-rs;  and  the  berries  are  an  ingredient  in  the 
Eiiiphmlr  u  111  Cii  III  ill  i. 

Lavhvs  aestivalis.  L.  benzoin — l.Alexandrina 
angiistif'olia,  Riiscus  hypoglossum. 

Lai'RUS  Bkn'zoin,  Benzoin  udorifernm,  Lau- 
riii  Psi/iiflo-beiizoiii  seu  (Bstirn'liH,  Spice  tviod, 
Sjiice  himh,  lieiijumin  hush,  AUspice  hiinh,  Wihl 
(illipire,  Spiee,  berry,  Ferer  tcood,  Fever  hiiili. 
An  indigenous  shrub,  growing  in  moist,  shady 
I'laces,  in  all  parts  of  the  United  States;  flower- 
iiig  early  in  spring.  All  parts  of  the  shrub  have 
a  spicy,  agreeable  flavour,  which  is  strongest  in 
the  bark  and  berries.  An  infusion  or  decoction 
oF  the  small  branches  is  used  in  popular  practice  as 
a  vermifuge,  and  an  agreeable  drink  in  low  fevers. 
The  bark  has  been  used  in  intcrmittents ;  the 
berries,  dried  and  powdered,  for  allspice.  The 
oil  of  the  berries  is  used  as  an  excitant. 

Laurus  Camphora,  see  Camphor — 1.  Canella, 
L.  Cassia. 

Lauhus  Cas'sia,  L.  CnneVla,  Per'sea  cnnfiia. 
The  species  of  laurus  which  yields  the  Ca'uia, 
Ccix'sia,  Citiiel'la,  Citnnia  lii/'iiea  seu  ciininiiio'inea, 
C.  liijiicii  jlliildhar'ica,  Cortex  Canel'lce  Miila- 
hnr'ir(B,  Cortex  cras'sior,  Xi/h-cansia,  Canel'la. 
J/altiburiea  et  Javen'sia,  C.  Cnbn'un,  Arbor  Jii- 
dn't'ca,  C'liieUif'era  ^fiilahar'ica,  CiiiiKtmo'niitm 
Maldbiir'ieiiin  seu  Tii'diviim  seu  Siiieii'se,  Cali- 
liiiv'liii  Cdiiel'la,  Wi/d  Ciiinitnion,  Miilohiir  Ciii- 
viiinoii,  C'lUKi'i,  (F.)  Cdiiiielle  de  Mahihar  ou  de 
Java  ou  de  Ui  Chine  ou  des  hides  ou  de  Coronian- 
del,  C/'iiiHse,  C.  mntte,  Ciisse  en  hois  ou  aromn- 
ti'/iie.  The  bark  and  leaves  abound  with  the 
flnvour  of  cinnamon,  for  which  they  may  be  sub- 
stituted ;  but  they  are  much  weaker.  The  un- 
opened flower-buds  are  used  in  the  same  manner. 
Aqua  Cassi.*:,  Water  of  Cassia,  prepared  by  distil- 
latitm,  is  officinal  in  the  Edinburgh  Pliarmaoopocia. 

Laurus  Cimnamomoides,  Nectandra  cinnamo- 
Dioides. 

Laurus  Cinnamo'mum,  Perse'a  cinnnmo'mvm, 
Ciiiii'imii'mnni,  C.  Zeylan' icinn,  Darse'ni,  Dnrsi'iii, 
Cinnanion,  Xylo-cinniitiiomnm.  Ciinrdo  Canel'la, 
(Sc.)  Cannel,  (F.)  Ciinnel/c,  Baiime  de  Cannelle, 
Crninel/e  ojlciiia/e  ou  de  Ceylon.  Cinnanion 
Lark,  which  is  obtained,  also,  from  the  Ciiniamo'- 
vuim  aromat' icnm,  is  stimulant  and  carminative, 
and  is  employed,  chiefly,  as  a  grateful  aromatic, 
to  cover  the  taste  of  nauseous  remedies.  Dose, 
gr.  X  to  3j.  The  Floioers,  called  Cassia  Flares  in 
the  shops,  possess  aromatic  and  astringent  virtues, 
and  may  bo  used  wherever  cinnamon  is  rciiuired. 
The  volatile  oil  of  the  bark — O'leniit  Cininnno'ini 
■ — 0(7  of  Cinnamon,  is  officinal  in  the  I'harm.  U.  S. 

Lm'hus  Cubkba,  Piper  cubeba  —  1.  Culilaban, 
L.  Culiliiwan. 

Laurus  Cuml'awan,  L.  Cnlil'ahan  seu  Cary- 
ophyl'liis,  Cinnanio' iniiui  CiililaiDan.  The  tree  that 
atfords  the  Cortex  Culilaioan  seu  Cidilahan,  Cit- 
lilfiipan,  Ciditlawaji.  Cortex  caryophylloi'des  seu 
Caryophy/io'ides  Aniboiiien'sis.  This  hark  resem- 
bles tlie  sassafras  in  appearance  and  properties, 
and  is  used  in  Java  as  a  condiment. 

Lviiiius  MaIjAbathrum,  see  Malabathrum  — 
].  Noi)ilis.  Laurus — 1.  Persea,  Persea  gratissima^ 
1.  Pseudobenzoin,  L.  Benzoin. 

Laurus  Sas'saKRAS,  Perse'a  sas'safrns.  Sas- 
safras, Corniis  mas  odora'fa,  Anhuiha,  Aijne-free, 
Aijne-tree,  (F.)  Pavanne.  Indigenous  in  the 
United  States.  Sassafras  wood  and  root,  and 
especially  the  bark  of  the  root.  Sassafras  Radi'- 
c»»    Cortex   (Ph.  U.  6.),  have  been   coasidered 


stimulant,  sudorific,  and  diuretic.  The  virtues  de- 
I)eiid  u|ion  essential  iiW, Olenni  Sassafras,  lliiMnlnur 
of  which  is  not  unlike  that  of  fennel.  It  has  been 
used  in  cutaneous  diseases, chronic  rhcunialisin.Ae. 

The  pith  of  the  steins,  Sassafras  mediil'la  (l>h. 
U.  S.),  abounds  in  gummy  matter,  which  it  leii- 
dily  imparls  to  water,  forming  a  limpid  innciljiire 
which  is  much  employed  as  a  collyrium  in  m>\\. 
thaltnia,and  as  a  drink  in  dysentery,  catarrh,  ,te. 
(one  drachm  of  the  pith  to  a  pint  of  l)oiling  water) 

LAUTIS'SIMA  VINA.  (Superlative  of /„»/»»[ 
'elegant.')  Wines  were  formerly  so  called,  which 
were  strongly  impregnated  with  mvrrh. 

LAVAMKNTIIM,  Clyster,  i^neina. 

LAVAN D F,  Lavendula  —  I.  de  Jller,  Staliee 
limoniuni — /.   Trisle,  Statice  limonium. 

LAVAX'DULA,  Laven'dida,  {mm  lam,  'I 
wash  ;'  so  called  from  being  used  in  baths.  Lamn'. 
dtila  spica  (Linnicus)  seu  ani/nstifo'lin  .«eu  offiei. 
na'lis  seu  vera.  Common  Lavender,  (F.)  Larniiile, 
Ord.  Labiatic.  The  odour  of  lavender  flowers, 
Lavanil' nia  (Ph.  U.  S.),  is  fragrant  and  agreeable; 
taste  warm  and  bitterish — depending  u|ion  an  es- 
sential oil.  It  has  been  used  as  !i  stimulant;  parti- 
cularly in  the  form  of  the  oil, —  O'lenm  lavaii'diilcB. 
The  dried  leaves  have  been  employed  as  an 
errhine. 

The  French  use,  also,  Lavandula  SirecHAs, 
Stwehas  et  Stichns  Arab'iva,  French  Lavembr, 
of  which  they  have  a  compound  syrup,  Syr'upnt 
de  sttv'ihadi  compos' it iis  :  given  as  a  pectoral. 

Lavankula  Latifolia,  Lavandula. 

Lavandula  Spica  (Linnaeus),  L.  Lntifti'lia 
Spica,  French  Lav'ender,  (F.)  Lavinide,  Aspic, 
Spic,  yields  the  Oil  of  Spile,  O'lenm  spita,  (F.) 
f/nile  d' Aspic  ou  de  Spic,  which  is  used  to  make 
varnishes.  an<I  as  a  liniment  in  paralysis. 

LAVEMENT,  Clyster,  Enema  —  /.  Antispat- 
tnodiijiie,  Enema  foetidum. 

L  A  V  E  iN  D  E  R,  CO  M  M  0  N,  Lavendula  —  1. 
French,  Lavandula  spica  —  1.  Sea,  Statice  liuio- 
niuin,  Statice  Caroliniana. 

LAVENDULA,  Lavandula. 

LAVER,  Ulva  latissiina — 1.  Broad  green,  Ulva 
latissiina — 1.  (lermanicum,  Veronica  beccabunf;ii 
— 1.  Laciniated  purple,  Ulva  uinbilicalis — 1.  Odo- 
ratum,  Sisvmbriuiu  nasturtium. 

LAVIl'kDIU.M,  Pediluvium. 

LAW   iMKDICINE,  Medicine,  legal. 

LAWSONIA   ALBA,  L.  Inermis. 

Lawso'nia  Iner'mis,  L.  alba,  Alcnn'a  vera  pen 

Orienta'lis,     Cype'rns     antiqno'rnm,    Liijiis'lriim 

jEijyptiacum,  Smooth  Lawso'nia,  {¥.)  Jlcnni,  Al- 

j  hanne.     An  East  Indian  and  African  plant,  the 

root  of  which  is  slightly  astringent. 

In  India,  the  root  of  the  Lav-so'nia  spinoia  is 
em|)loyed  in  lepra  and  other  cutaneous  affections. 

Lax,  Diarrhoea. 

LAXANS.  Laxative,  Relaxant. 

LAX'ATIVE,  Laxali'cns,  I^axans,  Le'iiieiii, 
from  laxare,  laxatnm,  'to  loosen;'  Jlinnrali'viis, 
Soliiti'rits,  Alvid'ncns,  Jfypochoret'icns,  Ifi/)'"- 
i/o'yiis,  Ifypel'atiis,  J/ypocafliar'ticns,  Lapnc'liiiii. 
A  medicine  which  gently  opens  the  bowels;  such 
as  tamarinds,  manna,  Ac. 

LAXATIVUS  INDICUS,  Camhogia. 

LAXATOR  AURIS  INTERN  US,  L.  tympani. 

Laxator  TvmI'ANI,  L.  7naJor  tym'pani,  E^ler'- 
nns  seu  Ante'rior  mall'ei,  Obli'qvns  seu  Exienint 
aiiris,  Laxator  amis  inter'niis,  Enstii'chii  mim'- 
ciilns,  (F.)  Anferienr  dii  martean,  Aeonstieo-iiiid- 
leen,  S/iheiii-saljiinrjo-niallien.  A  muscle  which 
arises  from  the  spine  of  the  sphenoid  hone  and 
from  the  cartilage  of  the  Eustachian  tube,  and  is 
inserted,  by  a  tendon,  into  the  apophysis  of  Rau. 
It  relaxes  the  mcmbrana  tympani. 

Laxa'tor  Tvm'i'ani  Minor.  A  very  small 
muscle  which  extends  from  the  upper  part  of 
the  external  auditory  canal,  and  is  inserted  at 
the  inferior  jjart  of  the  process  of  the  handle  uf 


LAXITAS 


531 


LEIMAX 


the  malleus.  Its  existence  is  denied  by  most 
iin;itoiiiists. 

LAXITAS,  Atony  — 1.  Alvi,  Diarrhoea  — 1. 
Ingeslorum,  Lientery  —  1.  Intestinorum,  Lien- 
tory  —  I.  Scroti,  Rachosis  —  1.  Ventriculi,  Gas- 
terasthenia. 

LAX'ITY,  Lar'itas,  Laxnens.  Same  etymon. 
Condition  of  a  tissue  when  loose  or  relaxed  ;  or 
(if  one  which  wants  tone.  We  say  laxili/  of  fibre, 
liixiii)  of  shin,  to  express  that  those  parts  have 
l.i.it  foiiie  of  the  tenseness  proper  to  them. 

LAYKll,  ANIMAL,  see  Tuclie  etubryominire — 
].  Mucous,  see  Tuche  embryonnalre  —  1.  Serous, 
see  '/'((die  embryoniiaire  —  1.  Vascular,  see  Tuche 
eiiibryoiinaire — 1,  Vegetative,  see  Tache  embryon- 

'  LAYKRS  OP  THE  BLASTODERMA,  see 
Tmlii'.  emhn/ounatre. 

LAYMAN,  see  Laity. 

LAZARKT'TO,  Lazaret,  Lazar-hoiise,  from 
(I.)  hizzvro,  'a  leper.'  A  solitary  edifice  in  most 
M'iiporls  of  magnitude,  intended  for  the  disitifec- 
U',n  of  men  and  goods  proceeding  from  places 
where  oontiigious  di.seases  are  prevailing. 

LAZIILITE,  Lapis  lazuli. 

LEAD,  Plumbum— 1.  Black,  Graphites  —  1. 
Chloride  of,  Pluinhi  chloridum — 1.  Colic,  see  Co- 
lica  metallica — I.  Iodide  of,  Plumbi  iodiduni — 1. 
Nitrate  of,  Plumbi  nitras— 1.  Oxyd  of,  semi-vitri- 
licd,  Plumbi  oxyduiu  semivitrcum. 

liKAn  Paralysis,  see  Palsy,  lead. 

Lkai)    Poisoning,     Moh/bJo'His,    MoJyhdon'o- 

tim,  Utorbiis  plumb'eitii,  Caeochi/m'ia,  2>liimbea, 
{V.)  [iitdxiciition  satuniiiie.  Morbid  phenomena 
induced  by  lead  received  into  the  system. 

Lkai),  Rki),  Plumbi  oxidum  rubruin. 

Lkai)  Riiku'matism,  Lead  Neural'yia,  ArthraV- 
ijin  of  M.  Tanquerel.  The  neuralgic  and  spas- 
iiuidic  pains  caused  by  the  poison  of  lead. 

Lkad,  Subcahbonatb  of,  Plumbi  superacetas 
— I.  Tannate  of,  see  Tannin. 

Lkad  Watkr,  Liquor  Plumbi  subacetatis  di- 
lutus, 

Lkad,  White.  Plumbi  subcarbonas. 

LEADER,  Tendon. 

LEADWORT,  Plumbago  Europa-a. 

LEAF,  SOUR,  Andromeda  arl)orea. 

LEAM'INGTON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP. 
Pidino  waters  at  Leamington,  about  two  miles 
east  of  Warwick,  Engird,  which  contain  chlo- 
ride of  sodium,  sulphate  of  soda,  and  chlorides 
of  cnlcium  and  magnesium. 

LEANNESS,  Emaciation, 

LEAP,  Sax.  hlsepan.  Saltus,  Salif"io,  Exal- 
tin,  (F.)  Sdiii ;  Bound,  Jump,  —  the  act  of  lea))- 
iiig.  Muscula.-  movement  or  movements,  by  which 
tlie  body  is  detached  from  the  soil  by  the  forcible 
find  sudden  extension  of  the  lower  limbs,  previ- 
oiislv  flexed  upon  the  pelvis. 

LEAl'ERY,  Lepra. 

LEAPING  A(JUE.  This  disease  is  said  by 
the  Scotch  writers  to  be  characterized  by  in- 
creased efficiency,  but  depraved  direction,  of  the 
will,  producing  an  irresistible  propensity  to  dance, 
tinulile,  and  move  about  in  a  fantastic  manner, 
and  often  with  far  more  than  the  natural  vigour, 
.•o'dvity,  and  precision  !     See  Mania,  dancing. 

LEATHER  FLOWER,  Clematis  viorna— 1. 
Wood,  Direa  palustris. 

LER'ANON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
ppring  lit  Lebanon,  26  miles  east  of  .Albany,  New 
'Viirk,  is  a  simple  thermal;  temperature  73°  Fahr. 

LECANE.  Pelvis. 

LKCIIE.  Phvsician. 

LE(  lIEXEtON,  Torcular  HerophilL 

LECHEROUS,  Liliidinous. 

LECIIO,  Puerpeni.  ' 

l.llcnoPYRA.  Puerperal  feyer. 
I.ECrniODES,  Vitelline. 


LECITIIOS,  see  Ovum. 

X/'/   CRAN,  Cochlearia  armoracia. 

LECO,  Penis. 

LECONTIA  VIRGINICA,  Peltandra  Vir- 
ginica. 

LECTISTER'NIUM,  from  lectus,  'a  bed,'  and 
nteriiere,  'to  spread.'  The  arrangement  of  a  bed 
so  as  to  adapt  it  to  a  particular  disease.  Also,  a 
supplication,  with  the  Romans,  in  times  of  public 
danger,  when  beds  or  couches  were  spread  for  the 
gods,  as  if  they  were  about  to  feast,  and  their 
images  were  taken  down  from  their  pedestals  and 
placed  upon  these  couches  around  the  altars. 
The  lectisternium  w;is  first  introduced  in  the  time 
of  a  pestilence. — Livy. 

LECTUA'LIS,  from  leciuK,  'a  bed.'  An  epi- 
thet applied  to  a  protracted  disease. 

LECTULUS  MEDICATUS,  see  Fomentation 
— 1.  Stramineus,  Faiion. 

LEDE  SAW  AGE,  Ledum  sylvestre. 

LEDOYEN'S  DISINFECTING  LIQUID  or 
FLUID.  A  solution  of  nitrate  of  lead,  (Plumb, 
iiitrai.  7,]  ad  a(yi/<B  f^ji)  "scd  as  an  antiseptic  and 
antilir(unic. 

LEDUM  LATIFO'LIUM,  Labrador'  Tea, 
Ord.  Ericaceae,  grows  in  damp  places,  in  Canada 
and  the  United  States.  The  leaves  have  a 
pleasant  odour  and  taste,  and  have  been  used  as 
tea.  They  have  also  been  esteemed  pectoral  and 
tonic. 

LKDIiJf  Palus'tpk,  Bonmari'miH  seu  AnihoH 
sylcex'tris,  Marnh  Tea,  (P.)  Lede  on  Roniariti 
8/iuvar/e,  Olivier  de  lioheme.  Ant.  Ord.  Ericineac. 
Sex.  Si/vt.  Deeandria  Monogynia.  This  plant 
has  a  bitter,  subasfringent  taste,  and  was  formerly 
used  in  Switzerland  in  place  of  hops:  the  virtues 
are  equivocal.  The  leaves  are  chewed  by  tho 
Cree  Indians,  and  ajiplied  to  burns,  which  are 
said  to  heal  rapidly  under  their  influence.  Tlio 
cake  of  chewed  leaves  is  left  adhering  to  the  sore 
until  it  falls  ofi'. — Sir   J.  Richardson. 

LEE,  Feculence,  Lixivium,  Ley.  Lye,  Urine. 

liEECII,  Ilirudo,  see  Ectozoa,  Physician. 

LEECIICUAPT.  Medicina. 

LEEK,  Allium  porrum. 

LEES,  SOAP,  Liquor  potassw. 

LEG,  (Da.  L(b;/,)  Crut,  Scc/os,  Cnevie.  The 
portion  of  the  lower  extremity,  which  extends 
from  the  knee  to  the  foot.  It  consists  of  three 
bones.  Tibia,  Fibula,  and  Patella,  and  also  of  a 
great  number  of  muscles,  vessels,  and  nerves. 
The  ])rojection,  formed  by  the  muscles  at  the  bjiek 
l>art  of  the  leg,  has  received  the  name  of  Calf  of 
the  le<j.  It  is  the  special  attribute  of  man,  and 
proves  that  he  is  destined  to  be  biped. 

Ler,  Swelled,  Phlegmatia  dolens — 1.  Cochin, 
see  Elephantiasis. 

LEGIT'IMATE,  Leffit'tmnn,  from  lex,  leffis. 
'law;'  Genui'iius,  Giie'sion.  An  epithet  applied 
to  things  which  are  according  to  rule.  A  leyiti- 
mate  child,  (P.)  Eifant  leijitivie,  is  one  conceived 
or  born  during  marriage  Lef/itiiuate  diseases, 
(F.)  Maladies  legitimes,  are  those  which  follow  a 
regular  march. 

LEfiNA,  from  Xryvri,  ^cyvov,  'a  fringed  edge,' 
'the  border  of  a  garment.'  The  orifice  of  tho 
pudendum  muliebre,  or  of  the  uterus. 

LEGUME.  Legumen. 

LEGU'MEN.  from  h,jn,  'I  gather,'  [?]  akin  to 
Aii^aiui',  'pulse,'  (F. )  Leijume,  Gousse.  So  called 
beeaiise  it  is  usually  gathered  by  the  hand,  in- 
stead of  being  reaped.  All  kinds  of  pulse,  as 
peas,  beans,  <tc.,  are  thus  termed. 

LEGUMIN,  Casein. 

LEICMEN.  Liehen. 

LEIMANTIIIUM  VIRGINICUM,  Melan- 
thium  Virginicum. 

LEIMAX,  Limax. 


LEiorus 


682 


LEPIDIUM 


LET'OPUS,  Lropva,  PlmictiD,  Plaufus,  Plotus, 
from  ,\fi«s,  'smooth,'  and  rruuj,  'a  foot.'    One  who 
Is  affei-ted  with   flat-fnolediic^n,   sphty-footednesn, 
Leiopod'ia,  Liopod'ia.     One,  the  soles  of  whose 
feet  arc  flnt.  insteiid  of  having  the  concavity  which 
the_v  ooiinnonly  present. 
LKIOSIS.  Comminution. 
LEIPII^'MIA,  Liphce'nn'a :  same  etymon  as 
Leiiilccmos.     Poverty  or  paucity  of  blood. 
I.EIPIIyEMOI.  Achroi. 

LEIPH/E'iMOS,  Liplim'mos,  (F.)  Leipheme, 
from  Xttiru,  'I  want,'  and  'atfia,  'blood.'  A  word 
sometimes  used  adjectively  ;  at  others,  substan- 
tively, either  for  a  vicious  state  of  the  blood  —  or 
rather  for  a  sort  of  anremia  —  or  for  the  patient 
who  labours  under  this  condition.     See  Achroi. 

LEIPHEME,  Leiphaomos. 

LKIPO,  Lipo. 

LEIPODERMTA.  Aposthia. 

LEIPODEK'MOS,  Lipoder'mos,  Leipoderm'a- 
fiis,  from  Aeitto),  'I  want,'  and  btjifta,  'skin.'  One 
who  wants  a  part  of  his  sl<in.  It  is  especially 
applied  to  one  who  wants  the  prepuce.  See 
Apella.  and  Aposthia. 

LEIPOMERIA,  Lipomcria, 

LEIPOPSYCHIA,  Syncope. 

LEIPOTHYMIA,  Syncope. 

LEIPYR'IAS,  from  AriTrw,  'I  want,'  and  itvp, 
'fire,'  or  'heat.'  A  species  of  continued  fever, 
referred  to  by  the  Greek  physicians,  in  which 
there  is  burning  heat  of  the  internal  parts  and 
coldness  of  the  extremities.  Avicenna  described, 
under  this  name,  a  kind  of  hemitrita;a. 

LEMA,  Chns^ie. 

LE.ME,  Lippitudo. 

LEMITHOCORTON,  Corallina  Corsieana. 

LEMMA,  Cortex,  Feculence,  Furfur,  Sedimen- 
tuin. 

LEMNISCUS,  Pessary,  Tent.     See  Laqueus. 

LEMON,  GROUND,  Podoidiyllum  montannra 
—  1.  Juice,  see  Citrus  medica — 1.  Juice,  artificial, 
see  Citrus  medica — 1.  Peel,  see  Citrus  medica — 
1.  Tree,  Citrus  medica. 

Lf.iion,  Wild,  Podophyllum  montannm. 

LEMONADE',  LSmo'nn'da,  (F.)  Limonade, 
Citrnininde.  Lemon  juice  diluted  with  water  and 
sweetened.     See  Citrus  medica. 

Lemonade,  Dky,  (F.)  Ltmonade  sh-he.  Citric 
or  tartaric  acid  reduced  to  powder  and  mixed  with 
sugar.  Lemonade  poiPiiers  may  be  made  as  fol- 
lows : — Pound  ^^jj  of  citric  ncid  with  a  few  drops 
of  essence  of  lemon- peel  and  ^j  or  more  of  lump 
,«iugar.  Divide  into  six  papers,  each  of  which  will 
make  a  glass  of  lemonade.     See  Citric  neid. 

Liiiiotitide  Giizeuse  (F.),  is  an  agreeable  drink 
jirepared  by  adding  syrup  of  lemons,  raspberry, 
itc,  to  water  saturated  with  carbonic  acid. 

Lemonade,  Magnesian,  Magnesiae  citras. 

Lemonade,  Nitric.  Nitric  acid  considerably 
diluted  with  water,  and  sweetened. 

Lemonade,  sulphuric,  and  Lemonade,  tar- 
TAHic,  are  made  with  the  sulphuric  and  tartaric 
aciils. 

LEMOSITAS,  CJiassie,  Lippitudo. 

LENDE,  Lumbi. 

LENDIS,  Lumbi,  Nates. 

LENIENS,  Laxative,  Lenitive. 

LENIS,  Lenitive. 

LEN'ITIVE,  Leniti'viis,  Lenis,  Len'ienf,  Epia'- 
wrt,  Jfit' lyniis,  from  lenio,  lenitnm,  'to  assuage.' 
A  medicine,  which  allays  irritation  or  palliates 
disease;  also,  a  laxative  medicine.  A  lenitive 
electunry  is  one  that  purges  gently. 

LENOS,  Torcular  Ilerophili. 

LENS,  Ervum  lens — 1.  Crystalline,  Crystalline 
■ — 1.  Esculenta,  Ervum  lens. 

LENTIC'ULA.  Dim.  of  hnn,  lentio,  'a  lentil.' 
A  freckle.  Also,  the  eruption  of  lenticular  fever, 
fcee  Ephelides. 


LENTTCULAK  GANGLION,  Ophthalmic  G. 

LENTICULA'RES  GLAN'DUL.E,  Leuiic'. 
idnr  f/l(iiidK.  Mucous  follicles,  having  the  chniio 
of  a  lentil,  which  arc  observed  especially  towards 
the  base  of  the  tongue. 

LENTIGO.  Ephelides. 

LKNTIL,  Ervum  lens. 

LENTILLE,  Ervum  lens— 7.  Cryg/o/'uie,  Crys- 
talline—1.  Ers,  Ervum  crvilia, 

LENTIS'CINUM  VINUM.  Wine  impreg- 
nated with  masticb  ;  from  Lentiscua,  'the  uiastitli 
tree.' 

LENTISCUS  VULGARIS,  Pistacia  Icntiscus. 

LENTITIA,  Lentor. 

LENTITIS,  Phacitis. 

LENTITUDO,  Lentor. 

LENTOR,  Leiitlfin,  Leiifitu'do,  from  IniUifi, 
'clanuny.'  A  viscidity  or  sizincss  of  any  fluid. 
See  Gluten. 

LENT  ROSE,  Narcissus  pseudonarcissus. 

LENUM.  Torcular  lleropbili. 

LEONO'TIS  LEONU'RUS.  Ord.  Labintir, 
A  South  African  plant,  which  has  a  pcciiliiir 
smell  and  nauseous  t;iste,  and  is  said  to  jiroiluce 
narcotic  effects  if  incautiously  used.  It  is  em- 
ployed in  decoction  in  chronic  cutaneous  disensc^. 
The  Hottentots  smoke  it  like  tobacco,  and  take  a 
decoction  of  its  leaves  as  a  strong  cathartic.  It 
is  also  given  as  an  emenagogue.  In  the  eastern 
districts  of  the  Cape  Colony,  Lconotin  ovn'ln, 
(Prov.)  Croiopamnej),  Hale,  is  used  fur  the  sauiu 
purpose. 

Leonotts  Ovata,  see  Leonotis  leonurus. 

LEONTI'ASIS,  Letm'tion,  from  Xtwv,  Xcovto?, 
'a.  lion.'  A  name  given  to  lepra  of  the  face,  from 
some  fancied  resemblance  between  the  counte- 
nance of  those  labouring  under  it  and  that  of  tlie 
lion.  To  this  kind  of  lepra  the  epithets  le'ouinc 
and  Ic'mitine  have  been  given. 

LEON'TICE  TIIALICTROIDES,  Caulophyl- 
lum  thalictro'ides. 

LEONTION,  Leontiasis. 

LEON'TODON  TARAX'ACUM,  L.  offidiiu'le 
seu  vidi/<t're,  Titrax'iieiivi  ojfficina'le,  Doia  Leti'iiln, 
Ht'dyp'iiois  t<iro.r'(irinii,  Viiiia'rin,  Caput  Moii'it- 
chi,  Dtru'delioii.  Pixx-n-bed,  (Prov.)  Shitoled, 
Piifball,  (Sc.)  DoftiHouii,  (F.)  Pimeidit.  Lioii- 
deiit,  Dent  de  lion,  Coni-onne  de  jVninc,  from 
Accoi',  XinvTo;,  '  H  lion,'  and  oSovs,  oFiovto;,  'a  tooth.' 
Order,  Compositir.  The  young  leaves  are  ."ouio- 
times  eaten  as  salad.  The  roots  are,  also,  rojistcil 
and  used  as  a  substitute  for  coffee.  The  root, 
Tarax'acum,  (Ph.  U.  S..)  is,  moreover,  reputed 
to  be  aperient  and  diuretic;  hence  its  vulgar 
names.     Its  efficacy  is  doubtful. 

LEONTOPODIUM,  Alchemilla. 

LEONU'RUS,  from  Ximv,  'a  lion,'  and  ov^n,  'a 
tail.'     Lion'n  Toil. 

Leonurus  Cxwm' ack,  Agriprd'mn  G(dliK,3far- 
ru'hium,  Cnrdi'ncn  crixjm  seu  trilohii'tn  .«eu  riil- 
go'ris,  Herhd  cardlnca  seu  Potcp.  lapl'vo',  Mother- 
wort, Throatwort,  (F.)  Agriptnime.  Ord.  Labiala'. 
Its  properties  are  those  of  a  nauseous  bitter;  and 
hence  it  has  been  used  in  hysteria  and  other  ner- 
vous affections. 

Leonurus  Lanatus,  Ballota  lanata. 

LEOPARD'S  PANE,  ROMAN,  Arnica  won- 
tana,  Doronicum  pardalianches. 

LEPAS,  Lcpin,  'Siitai,  gcn.  'Kinalni]  Actij,  gen. 
X£x'ii5o?,  'a  scale.' 

LEPER,  see  Leprous. 

Leper  IIospitai-,  Lndrerie. 

LEPIA  CAMPESTRIS,  Thlaspi  campestrc— 
I.  Sntiva,  Lepidium  Iboris. 

LEPID'IUM,  from  Xcttij,  Xcni^of,  'a  scale;'  ?« 
called  from  its  supposed  usefulness  in  clean.'in? 
the  skin  from  scales  and  impurities.  Pepper-wort. 
Ord.  Cruciforas. 

Lepidium  Campestre,  Thlaspi  campestre. 


LEPIDODES 


533 


LEPTOTRICUUS 


Lkpid'h;m  Ibb'ris,  Ibe'rin,  Cardnmnn'tica,  Sci- 
iil'icfi  crenHen.  This  plant  ])ossesscs  a  warm, 
peiu'tratiiig,  j)un;;eiit  taste,  like  other  cresses, 
iiiiil  is  rcooiumended  us  an  antiscurbutic,  antU 
fi.'ptic,  and  sloiniichic. 

Lki'Ihium  S.vTi'vi'M,  Lep'ia  anti'oa,  Thlaspi 
ii'iKtnr'tiniii  sen  snti'vum,  XuHtur'tium  horten'ee 
s('U  Hiili'ciiiii,  Gdnlen  crenii,  Ditlaiider,  Green  nius- 
Inrd,  (F.)  CresHim  aliiiois,  Crennon  des  Jardins. 
This  plant  possesses  warm,  stimulatinj^  proper- 
ties, and  is  used  like  the  last. 

Li-.i'iDiiiM  Syn\MATi;M,  Cochlearia  coronopus. 

l,i:?ll)ODHS,  Siiiiainous. 

LHl'IDOIDES,  S(niam.)us. 

L  H  1*  I  D  0  S  A  IICO'MA,  Tumor  Kqiiamifor'mia 
riinio'iiiiK.  A  Ik'shy  tumour,  covered  with  scales: 
from  XtTTi?,  Acirt^oj,  'a  scale,'  and  aapKiujia,  'a 
fle-iiiy  tumour.'  Marcus  Aurelius  Severinus  de- 
fcriltes  tumours  of  this  kind  in  the  interior  of  the 
ui'iiith. 

LKl'lDOSIS,  Rrnlv  disease. 

LKl'IUOSrS  ICHTIIYIASIS,  Ichthyosis— 1. 
Tchtliyiasis  cornigera.  Horny  excrescences — 1. 
Lepriasis,  Lejjra — 1.  Pityriasis,  Pityriasis  —  1. 
Tjoriasis,  Psoriasis. 

LEPIDOTIS  CLAVATA,  Lycopodium  clava- 
tuin. 

LEPIRA.  Lepra. 

LKl'IS.  Scale. 

Id'IPISMA,  S(iuamou?  portion. 

LEPOllINUM  LABIUM,  Harelip  — 1.  Ros- 
trum, Harelip. 

LEPOllINUS  OCULUS,  LaKophthalmia. 

T,EPO.STEOPH'YTON  ;  from  Xcm,  'a  scale,' 
oanov,  'a  bone,'  and  cpvrov,  'a  plant  or  growth.' 
A  tiiin  scale  of  bone,  the  result  of  a  morbid 
growth. 

LKl'llA,  Lfp'i'rn,  from  Xc-rrpn?,  'scaly.'  Lepi- 
(/■I'slx  Lrj>ri'(i>ii>i,  Lcpro'sis,  Lepni'sftdn,  Vit!li'<jn, 
t.cprn  (Ircecn'riim,  Ilerpen  /i(rj'iira'ceuH  drciuii'- 
lim,  Leproni/,  Leap'ert/,  (Sc.)  Lcpyr,  Lipper,  (F.) 
Li'/ire,  Mid  Sdint-Miiin,  Dartre  fiirfaracee  ar- 
yiiulie.  This  term  has  been  applied  to  various 
n'Jeefions,  very  different  in  character.  1.  To  tlie 
Lcproni/  of  the  Jeiut,  Leitce,  Lepi'dn'm's  Lepriasis 
rn Ilea' ceils,  Lepra  Jfosa' ica  seu  Jh'hreeo'ntm,  —  a 
v^iriety  of  the  AljdiuH  or  Lepra  nlphoi'den.  The 
li'uce  was,  generally,  not  scaly,  but  consisted  of 
MUdiith,  shining  patches,  on  wliich  the  hair 
turned  white  and  silky,  and  the  skin,  with  the 
tnuscular  flesh,  lost  its  sensibility.  It  was  in- 
curable. 2.  To  the  Elephantiauls  or  Lepra  of  the 
..•Irofts,  see  Elephantiasis;  and  .S.  To  the  Lepra 
of  the  Greeka,  which  includes  all  the  varieties  met 
with  at  the  present  day.  It  is  characterized  by 
ccaly  patches  of  different  sizes,  but  havinsj  always 
nearly  a  circular  form.  Bateman  and  Willan  de- 
scribe three  chief  varieties  of  this  lepra. 

1.  Li'/tnt  alphoi'dea,  Li'pidi>'n!ii  Lepri'nsis  nl'- 
biiln,  A/phtm,  Jforphce'n  nlhn,  Vilili'tfo  alphiia, 
AI'bnruH  (dim,  AlbitrcBi,  Albaroa,  L^pre  Scailleiise 
iif  Alibert,  White  leproni/.  An  affection,  charac- 
tv'iized  by  wiiite  patches,  surrounded  by  a  rose- 
coloured  areola,  which  appears  here  and  there  on 
t!ie  surface  ;  de|)ressed  in  the  middle. 

2.  Lepra  nl'grSciins  seu  melaa  seu  macido'in 
ixi/rii.  Villi i'ljn  melas  seu  nigra,  Morphce'a  seu 
Ai'biirits  >iii/rn,  Melas,  Lepido'six  lepri'asis  ni'- 
ri-ifniis,  Bliiek  leprnsi/  ;  in  which  the  scalcs  are 
livid;  the  size  of  half  a  dollar;  and  diffused  over 
the  body,  but  less  wiilcly  than  in  the  A/phoides. 
The  French  pathologists  usually  admit  three  spe- 
cies of  lepra,  to  which  they  give  the  epithets  scahj, 
iaqiiamenie,)  criistaceoiis,  (eriistacee.)  and  tuber- 
cular, (tidiercideiise,)  according  as  the  skin  may 
bo  covered  with  scales,  crusts,  or  tubercles. 

3.  Lepra  vidija'ris,  Lepido'sis  lepri'axis  vulgn'. 
ris,  Dartre  furfitracie  arrondie,  of  Alibert,  cha- 
racterized as  follows:    scalcs   glabrous,  whitish, 


size  of  a  crown  piece;  preceded  by  smaller  red- 
dish and  glossy  elevations  of  the  skin,  encircled 
by  a  dry,  red,  and  slightly  elevated  border;  often 
confluent;  sometimes  covering  the  whole  of  the 
body  except  the  face. 

Lepra  appears  to  be  endemic  in  Egypt,  iu 
Java,  and  certain  parts  of  Norway  and  Sweden, 
Imperfect  and  faulty  nutriment  appears  to  con- 
tribute to  its  development.  The  means,  best 
adapted  for  its  removal,  are  : — a  mild,  unirritating 
diet,  emollient  fomentations — sulphureous  baths, 
fumigations,  &c ;  but,  often,  all  remedial  agents 
will  be  found  ineffectual. 

Lepka  Arabum,  Elephantiasis  Arnbica — 1.  As- 
turica,  see  Pellagra  —  1.  Borealis,  Radzyge  —  1. 
Fungifera,  Framboesia — 1.  Gangrenosa,  Ngeren- 
gere  —  1.  Graecorum,  Lepra— -1.  Ilebraeorum,  ,«ee 
Lepra — 1.  Ichthyosis,  Ichthyosis — 1.  Lombardica, 
Pellagra  —  1.  Maculosa  nigra,  L.  Nigricans  —  I. 
Mediolanensis,  Pellagra  — 1.  Melas,  Lepra  nigri- 
cans—  1.  Mercurial,  Eczema  mercuriale  —  1.  Mo- 
saica,  see  Lepra — 1.  Norvegica,  Iladzyge — 1.  Squa- 
mosa, Impetigo — 1.  Taurica,  Mai  de  Crimee. 

L  E  F  R  E,  Lepra  —  I.  des  Cussaques,  Mai  de 
Crimee  —  /.  Ecailleuse,  Lepra  alphoides  —  I.  IIu- 
mide,  Impetigo. 

LEPREUX,  Leprous. 

LEPRICUS,  Leprous. 

LEPROSARIUM,  Ladreric. 

LEPROSERIE,  Ladrerie. 

LEPROSIS,  Lepra. 

LEPROSITAS,  Lepra. 

LEPROSUS,  Leprous. 

LEPROSY,  Lepra — 1.  Black,  Lepra  nigricans 
—  1.  Norwegian,  see  Radzyge  —  1.  White,  Lepra 
alphoides. 

LEP'ROUS,  Leprn'sus,  Leprot'icics,  Lep'ricus, 
Lepro'des,  (Sc.)  Lipper,  (F.)  Lepreuv,  Lxdre, 
same  etymon.  Relating  to  or  resembling  or  af- 
fected with  leprosy  ;  a  leper. 

LEPSIS,  Attack. 

LKPTAN'DRA  VIRGIN'ICA,  reroni'ca  seu 
Pmdero'ta  Vinjin' ica,  Ciilver'a  phi/sic.  Ord,  Scro- 
phulariaccae.  An  indigenous  phuit,  which  grows 
throughout  the  United  States,  and  flowers  ia 
August.  The  flowers  are  white,  and  terminate 
the  stem  in  a  long  spike.  A  variety  with  purple 
flowers  has  been  described,  as 

Leptani)U\  Purpu'hea,  Physic  roof,  Black 
root,  Whorli/wort,  Culver's  root,  Briiitnii  rout.  Bow- 
man root.  The  root  is  bitter  and  nauseous,  and 
when  fresh  is  emetic  and  cathartic.  In  the  dried 
state  it  is  more  uncertain.  Dose  of  the  powder, 
gr.  XX  to  ^i. 

LEPTO,  LEPTOS,  Atrrof,  'thin,'  'light.' 
Hence : 

LEPTOCEPHA'LIA,  from  Aetttoj,  'thin,  fine,' 
and  Ki((<a\,i,  'head.'  Monstrosity,  in  which  tho 
head  is  ahnormously  small. 

LEPTOCHRO"'A,  Leptochros,  from  Aorroj, 
'thin,  fine,'  and  pcpua,  xf"'"'  'the  colour  of  the 
skin  :  the  skin.'     Fineness,  thinness  of  skin. 

LEPTOCHYM'IA,  from  Xcrros,  'thin,'  and 
yviioi,  'a  juice.'     Morbid  thinness  of  the  juices. 

LEPTOHYME'NIA,  from  Xcnros,  'thin,'  and 
'vjjiriv, '  a  membrane.'  Thinness,  delicacy  of  mem- 
brane. 

LEPTOMER'IA.  from  AtTrroj,  'thin,  fine,'  and 
liefioi,  'a  part.'  Fineness,  delicacy  of  bodily  for- 
mation. 

LEPTOXTTQUES,  Attenuants. 

LEPTOPHONIA.  Oxyphonia. 

LEPTO  SPERM  UM  LEUCADENDRUM, 
Melaleuca  cajaputi. 

LEPTOTHRIX,  Leptotrichus. 

LEPTOTRICH'IA;  same  etymon  as  the  next. 
Fineness  of  hair. 

LEPTOT'RICUUS,    Lejitothrix,    from   Xturoi, 


LErTOTROPHIA 


534 


LEUCORRIICEA 


'fine,'  and  -JpiJ,  Tpi;^oj,  'hair.'     One  who  has  fine 
hair. 

LEPTOTROPH'IA,  MU-rotroph'la,  Mk-rotra- 
pez'iii,  fnnii  Xmrui,  Might,'  and  TiJOiprj,  'nourish- 
ment.'    Lii^ht  nutrition. 

LKPTYXSIS,  Einnciation. 

LEPTYXTICA,  Attenuants. 

LEPTYS.MUS,  Emaciation. 

LKPYR,  Lepra. 

LRl{K.MA,  see  Dementia. 

LERESIS,  see  Ueiuentin. 

LERUS,  Delirium,  see  Dementia. 

LESEOLI  MORBUS,  leterus. 

LESE'OLUS.  According  to  Paracelsus,  a  per- 
fectly transparent  salt,  which  cured  jaundice: 
hence  Leseoli  morbus. 

LE'SION,  La-'Kio,  from  Jcecfere,  JcBinm,  'to  in- 
jure.' Derangement,  disorder;  any  morbid 
change,  either  in  the  exereise  of  functions  or  in 
the  texcure  of  organs.  Oiywn'c  levion  is  syno- 
nymous with  nr/jinn'c  diseiise. 

Lesion  of  Continuity,  see  Continuity,  solu- 
tion of 

LESK,  Tngucn. 

LESSIVI],  Lixivium. 

LESSIVE  DBS  SA  VONNIERS,  Liquor  po- 
tassae.  Also,  a  solution  of  caustic  soda  in  water, 
containing  about  3  parts  of  soda  to  8  of  water. 

LESSIVE  BE  TARTU E,  Liquor  potassae 
subcarbouafis.  ■ 

LETALITAS,  Mortality. 

LETHALIS.  Lethiferous.  Mortal. 

LETJIALITAS,  Mortality. 

LETIIAR'GIC,  Lethnr'iiicuK,  Vetemo'svs.  (F.) 
Leihnr(jique.  Relating  to  lethargy;  aflfeeted  with 
lethargy. 

LETHARGIQUE,  Lethargic. 

LETII'ARGY,  Leth(n-'f,:<i,  Leihnr'ijun,  Cariin 
letharguK,  Velc.r'iius,  Ohliv'io  iiiei-n,  from  A»)5f/, 
'  oblivion,' and  apyos,  '  active.'  A  constant  state 
of  stupor  from  wliich  it  is  almost  impossible  to 
arouse  the  individual  ;  and,  if  aroused,  he  speedily 
relapses  into  his  former  condition. 

LETHEA,  Papaver. 

LE'TIII'ION,  from  \ntlri,  ■■  oblivion.'  A  name 
,j^ven  b}'  some  to  sulphuric  ether,  when  inhaled 
as  an  anaesthetic  agent. 

LETHIF'EROUS,  Le'fhi/er,  Lclha'Iis,  Lefhlf- 
ictis,  Mor' lifer,  Moitlf'erniix,  from  \ridt],  'death,' 
and  (,')£j3u.  '  I  bear.'     Death-bearing;  deadly. 

LETHU.M,  Death. 

LETTUCE,  Lactuea — 1.  P.lue,  Mulgedium  acu- 
minatum—  1.  False,  Mulgedium  Floridauum — 1. 
Indian,  see  Calumba. 

Lettitce  Opium,  see  Lactuea. 

Lettuce,  Stkong-scented,  Lactuea  virosa — 1. 
White,  Nabahis  albus — 1.  Wild,  Lactuea  elongata. 

LETU.M,  Death. 

LEUCADES.  see  Sclerotic. 

LEUC/E'MLV,  LenkfB'inia.  Levelicp'min,  from 
y^tvKoi,  'white,'  and  'aifia,  'blood,'  (F.)  Lencemie. 
A  condition  of  the  blood  in  which  it  is  deficient 
in  colouring  matter.     See  Leucoej'thsemia. 

LEUCiETillOPIA,  see  Albino. 

LEUO.ETHrOPS,  Albino. 

LEUCAXIA.  Lauoania. 

LEUCANTHEMUM,  Anthemis  nobilis,  Matri- 
caria chamomilla — I.  Vulgare,  Chrysanthemum 
leneanthemum. 

LEUCE.  Lepra  (of  the  Jews.) 

LEUCELECTRUM,  Succinum  (album.) 

LEUnihrrE,  Leuciemin. 

LEUCII.EMrA.  Leucamia. 

LEUCITTS.  Sclerotitis. 

LEnCOCYTE.  see  (Jlobulos  of  the  l)loo<1. 

LEUCOCYTIL^'MIA,  'white  cell  blood,' from 
^EU/coy.  'white,'  /euro;,  'cell,'  and  'nijtn,  'blood.' 
A  condition  of  the  blood,  which  consists  in  a  su- 


perabundant development  of  the  white  corpu.ieles, 
a  disease  which  has  been  observed  at  times  to  lie 
accompanied  by  enlargement  of  the  sidion  and 
liver,  anil  at  others  by  increased  size  of  tiie  lym- 
phatic "lands.     See  Leucivinia. 

LEUCODKXDRON,  Melaleuca  cnjuputi. 

LKUCCENUS,  see  AVine. 

LEUCOIUM,  Lunaria  rediviva  — 1.  Lutciiiii, 
Cheirnnthus  cheiri. 

LEUCOLACHANUM,  Valeriana. 

LEUCOLEIN,  Loukoleinum. 

LEUCO'MA,  from  Afuicnj,  'white.'  OcriWnnn 
nibti'yo,  LfUfinn'mit,  Leiicd'sin,  Alhii't/o,  Al'lmln, 
Ceratohuco'  itift,  Ephel'ofen.  Lenioum  and  Al- 
hiif/i)  are  often  used  .synonj-moiisly  to  denote  a 
white  ojiacitj'  of  the  cornea.  Roth  are  essenliiilly 
diff'erent  from  nebula  of  the  cornea  :  iiebuhi  beiii" 
usually  the  result  of  chronic  ophtlialniy  and  an 
effusion  of  a  milky  serum  into  the  texiuro  (jf  the 
delicate  continuation  of  the  corgunctiva  over  Mjo 
cornea;  —  the  others  are  the  result  of  violent, 
acute  ophthalmia.  In  this  state,  a  thick,  e<i,T;;n. 
lable  lymph  is  extravasated  from  the  arterle^l, 
sometimes  superficially,  at  other  times  dcciily 
into  the  substance  of  the  corneii.  On  other  oica- 
sions,  the  disease  consists  of  a  tirin,  eiilioiis  cica- 
tri.x  on  this  membrane, — the  effect  of  a  wound  nr 
ulcer  with  loss  of  substance.  The  iilfeclinn  is 
more  difficult  of  cure  in  proportion  to  its  dur.'ilinii 
and  to  the  age  of  the  individual  ;  the  activity  nl' 
the  absorbents  being  greater  in  youth.  If  inflani- 
mation  still  exist.  anti|dilogistics  must  he  perse- 
vered in,  and,  afterwards,  gentle  stimulants  lie 
used  to  excite  absorption;  along  with  the  in- 
ternal use  of  mercury  or  iodine.- 

Leutosia,  Albumen  —  1.  Gerontotoxon,  Gcro- 
toxon — 1.  Mnrii:aritaceum,  see  Margaritaccus. 

LEUCOMMA.  Leucoma. 

LEUCOMORTA,  Cuttubuth. 

LEUCONECRO'SLS  from  \tvKOi,  'white,'  nnd 
vtKpuiTi?,  '  death.'  A  form  of  dry  gimgrene, — tbo 
opposite  in  appearance  to  anthraconecrosis. 

LEUCONY.MPILEA,  Nvmphsca  alba. 

LEUCOPATHIA,  see  Albino,  Chlorosis— 1. 
Partialis  acquisita,  Achroma. 

LEUrOPIIAGTUM,  Blnnc-manger. 

LEUCOPIILEGMASIA,  Lcucophlegmatia— 1. 
Dolens  pucrperarum,  Phlcgmatia  dolcns. 

L E  U  C  0  P II L  E  GM A'TIA,  Lcucopllrgmmh, 

Hi/rfropi  leitcoplih(jniii'tln,  Tumenceii'tiii  pi'.iii- 
fo'sn,  from  Atuifof,  '  white,'  and  ij}\iyiia,  iphyiiiiTOi, 
'phlegm.'  A  dropsical  habit,  Hijdrocdchcx'id. 
Some  writers  use  the  word  synonymously  with 
aiiriKnrcn  and  ordemn  ;  others  with  frnphjuema. 

Leucophi.eomatia  yETriioptiM,  Chthonophagia. 

LEUCOPIPER,  Piper  album. 

LEUCOPYRIA,  Hectic  fever. 

LEUCORRHEE,  Leucorrhcea. 

LEUCORRHffi'A,  /7raH«seu  Fbior  mnHe'hrin. 
Prof! It' fill  1)1  muUe'bre,  Ciiriua  m"tri'ei«,  Fhimn 
nxttri'cis,  Eh/tri'tis,  Cideoai'tie,  Crdpi'lin,  Dantd- 
hi'tio  n'ten,  Fliij-i'o  nlbn  seu  vnl'vfB,  Vlcnn  ii'tri), 
Cntar'rhiis  goiitn'lliim,  I/i/nteroi-rhce'a  muen'mi, 
Ciitnme'niii  nlba,  Menkes  albi,  ?leu'ttnin  (dhn, 
Mcnorrhaf/'ia  alba.  Fluor  viidie'bn'H  non  Gid'h- 
CHS,  Bleutieli/t'ria,  Goiiorrhn-'a  beuiy'nn  nolhti  iii- 
vetera'ta,  Piiriya'tio  iinilie'brls  alba,  Alba  jiimjn- 
meii'ta,  Cache.r'ia  nleri'iin,  Rheiima  u'leri,  V'ten 
Cory'za,  Medorrlicc'n  femhia'rtim  hmoiis,  Rlf"- 
norrhir.'a  seu  Bleii)iorrhng"iu  gexilaUium,  yEilim- 
blciinorrh(je'a  seu  Mednbleniinrihrf'a  feviiiin'nim  ; 
The  whites;  (F.)  Fleiirs  ou  Fliieiirs  blauche», 
Pertes  blanches,  Eionlenient  blaiic.  C'llarrhe  nlf-^ 
rin.  Parte  nterhie  blanche,  from  hvKOi.  '  wlnto, 
and  pfw,  '  I  flow.'  A  more  or  less  abundant  tlis- 
charge  of  a  white,  yellowish,  or  greenish  iniicn? : 
resulting  from  acute  or  chronic  inflammatinn,  or 
from  irritation  of  the  membrane  lining  the  gemUl 


LEUCORRIIOIS 


53  5 


LEVATOR 


orpnn8  of  the  f<"inale.  Vag"in«l  Leucon-liorn  has  I 
hecil  termed  IUe»vnrrh<fa  seu  Fluor  nllniH  vagi  - 
IKT,  fjciirorrlKp'a,  Mefiorrhve'n  vnijiixp,  Vfgiui  ti", 
fjliltrohlfiinorrhfp'ii,  Vnlporrhie'ii. —  (I'teriiie  L''ii- 
fiiihifa  has  received  the  names  Flnar  nlhui  uteri, 
J,fuv<irrh(e'a  seu  Medorrha'n  iilcri,  Jlitriihleniior- 
rliii'ii,  nieininniffri'tiii,  MftrdlilinniiZK'iiiid,  Metm- 
caliir'rhrin,  M etroloieorrhre' n,  (F.)  Lciicorrhrrf  iile- 
riiip,  Ctiltirrhe  ulfn'ii.  It  is  often  attei'deil  with 
tiiiin  and  a  scnpe  of  heaviness  in  tlic  loins,  nbdo- 
iiu'ii  and  tliii;hs;  disonlered  digestive  functions, 
Ac,  so  that,  at  times,  the  health  suffers  larjrelj', 
altlioujih  there  are  few  females  who  are  not  oeea- 
sionally  suhjeot  to  moderate  leueorrhopa.  Atten- 
tion to  the  penoral  health,  elian<re  of  air,  keep- 
inir  up  a  ])erspirahle  state  of  the  surface  hy 
fliinnei  worn  next  the  skin,  the  horizontal  posture, 
Ac.,  do  more  than  pharmaceutical  agents:  which 
are  almost  entirely  confined  to  astringent  injec- 
tions. These  may  be  employed,  when  the  dis- 
charge is  so  great  as  to  require  them. 

LKiiroRiiHfEA  Anai.is,  see  Ilaemorrhois  —  1. 
Nahothi,  see  Parturition. 

I,EU('OHRFI0I.S,  see  Haemorrhois. 

LEUCO'SES;  from  Xcvko?,  'white.'  In  the 
nosology  of  M.  Alibert,  all  the  diseases  of  the 
lymphatic  ajiparatus.  The  7th  family  in  his  A'o- 
solngie.  In  that  of  Fuchs,  it  is  a  family  of  dis- 
eases, (G.)  Leukosen,  which  includes  the  va- 
rious forms  of  anaemia. 

Leucosis,  Leucoma,  Paleness.     See  Albino. 

LEUK  or  LOCCIIE,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Saline,  chalybeiite  waters,  about  six  leasrues 
distant  from  Sion.  They  contain  chloride  of  so- 
dium, with  a  little  sulphate  of  magnesia:  sul- 
phate of  lime,  carbonate  of  magnesia,  carbonic 
acid,  and  protoxide  of  iron. 

I-EUK.'EMrA,  Leuciomia. 

liEUKOLEIN'UM,  Clnnnleiu'um,  Le>d-nU 
Leii'colrliir,     Leii' cohiti,       C/i  i'liolelti,      Chi'»<ilili. 

This  substance  is  the  product  of  the  dry  distilla- 
tion of  coal;  mixed  with  picolin,  anilin  and  other 
substances,  in  mineral  tnr.  It  is  procured,  also, 
hy  heating  qidiiia,  ciiichiniin  and  stri/<-Iniin,  with 
as  concentrated  a  ley  of  putnssn  as  can  be  made. 
Its  specific  gravity  is  l.OSl  ;  and  it  is  slightly 
soluble  in  water,  and  miscible  in  all  proportions 
with  alcohol,  ether  and  essential  oils. 

LEV  MX.  Ferment. 

LEVATOR,  Elevator. 

Leva'tou  An'guli  Oris,  Ahdu'cenn  lahio'rvm, 
Ehvn'inr  Inhinrnm  rnmmii'ni'n,  Cniii'inm,  (Y.) 
^iia  nuij-lllo-lahial,  Petit  miK-maj-illn-ln'-iol  (Cli.), 
Jfuncle  cdiiiii.  A  small,  flat,  long,  quadrilateral 
muscle,  which  arises  from  the  fossa  canina,  and 
is  inserted  at  the  commissure  of  the  lips,  where 
it  is  confounded  with  the  triangularis.  It  raises 
the  corner  of  the  mouth,  and  draws  it  towards 
the  ear. 

IjKVATOn  Ani,  Levator  magniia  seu  interniin, 
Lnttm  auij  Eleva'tor  nni,  Sedem  nttol'leiis,  (F.) 
J'iiliio-rocrt/(jien  nnnulnire.  Sous  puhio-eocci/gien 
(Ch.).  Relereiir  de  Vninii!.  A  muscle,  situate  at 
the  lower  part  of  the  pelvis.  It  is  broad,  flat, 
quadrilateral,  and  broader  above  than  below.  It 
represents  a  kind  of  membranous  partition,  which 
closes  the  outlet  of  the  pelvis,  and  the  upper 
concavity  of  which  is  oppose<i  to  that  of  the  dia- 
phragm. It  is  attached,  above,  to  the  posterior 
surface  of  the  body  of  the  pubis,  to  the  upper 
part  of  the  obdurator  foramen,  and  to  the  spine 
of  the  ischium  ;  and  is  inserted  into  the  coccyx, 
into  an  aponeurotic  line  common  to  it  and  its 
fellow,  and  into  the  lateral  i>arts  of  the  rectum. 
This  muscle  supports  the  rectum:  raises  it,  and 
carries  it  upwards  during  the  evacuation  of  the 
excrement.  It  can,  also,  compress  the  bladder 
Hnd  vesiculae  seminalcs.  and  thus  favour  the  ex- 
pulsion of  the  urine  and  sperm. 


LEVATon  Ani  PAiivrs,  Transversus  perinaei  — 
L  Auris,  Attollens  aurem  —  1.  C'occygis,  Coccy- 
geus. 

Lkvator  Glan'dvl^  THYRoinE^f;.  A  muscle 
occasionally  found  connected  with  the  uj]pcr  bor- 
der or  isthmus  of  the  thyroid  gland  ;  and  attached 
superiorly  to  the  body  of  the  os  hyoides,  or  to  the 
thyroid  cartilage. 

Lkvator  Menti,  Levator  labii  inferioris  —  1. 
Oculi,  Rectus  superior  oculi  —  L  Proprius  sca- 
pulir,  L.  scapulae. 

Levator  Labii  Infehio'ris,  Z.  men*)",  Elevntor 
Ifihii  i"»/Vc/V/n'«  seu  Inbii  iv/erioria  pro'priiiK,  Iiici- 
si'riinitife'rior,  llfiin'cnhifi pe)n'ciI/a'tiie,{F.)Hoiippe 
diiniciiloii,  Retevi'vr  dc  In  lerre  iiiferierirow  dii  nieii- 
tdti.  A  portion  of  the  meiito-hihial  of  C'hau.>-sier. 
A  small  muscle  situate  before  the  symphysis 
menti.  It  is  thick,  conical  ;  and  attached  by  its 
apex  to  a  fossette  at  the  side  of  the  symphyses 
in  the  inferior  maxillary  bone.  Its  fibres  pro- 
ceed diverging  and  vanishing  in  the  manner  of  a 
liift,  (F.)  lloujipe,  on  the  skin  of  the  chin.  This 
muscle  raises  the  chin,  and  jiuslies  upwards  the 
lower  lip. 

Levator  Labii   Superio'ijis  AT-.i:QrE    Nafi. 

Tucini'riin  Iritcrii'lin  et  pi/r(niiidfi'liii,  (F.)  Grand 
miH-ninTillo-liihial  (Ch.),  Ji/friiteiir  cniiinnni  de 
Vnile  (1)1  nrz  et  de  la  lirre  miperieiire.  This  mu.'- 
cle  is  a  fleshy,  thin,  triangular  bundle,  situate  at 
the  sides  of  the  nose.  It  arises  from  the  ascend- 
ing process  of  the  superior  maxillary  bone :  thcnc  c 
its  fibres  descend  in  a  diverging  manner,  a  part 
V)eing  inserted  into  the  ala  of  the  nose,  and  a  jiart 
losing  themselves  in  the  upper  lip.  This  muscle 
raises  the  upper  lip  and  ala  nasi,  which  it  draws 
a  little  outwards. 

Levator  Labii  Sfpehioris  Prophh'.s,  Ifiai'- 
C7lliia  iiicixl'rvii,  Ehvntor  Iiihii  xnju'rioris  jjrti. 
prinn,  (F.)  ;l/o)/f»  e„x-mn.rill,>-lahio/.  (Ch.),  Or- 
hito-niaxi/lo-lalii'if.  This  thin,  flat,  quadrilateral 
muscle  is  situate  at  the  middle  and  inner  part  of 
the  face.  It  arises  from  the  os  malae  and  the  os 
maxillare  superius,  and  is  inserted  into  the  upper 
lip.  which  it  raises,  at  the  same  time  carrying  it 
a  little  outwards. 

Lkvator    Pala'ti,   L.   Palati  MaUiK.    Petro- 

»a!pin'go->itaplii/li'niis,  Siilpi)i'go-Ktapln/li'}nis  in- 
ter'ntin,  Salpiiigo-fit(i])ln/litiiiii,  Pter'i/go-nliijdiyli- 
inm  fjternitu,  Spheiio-Htnphy/iinix,  Spheno-piduti'- 
iitin,  Perinlnphylinus  ititeniiis  superior,  Petro-ista- 
phylin,  (Ch.).  This  muscle  is  long,  narrow,  and 
almost  round  above;  broader  and  flatter  inte- 
riorly. It  arises  from  the  lower  surface  of  the 
para  petroaa  ;  from  the  cartilage  of  the  Eusfa- 
chian-tube;  and  is  inserted  into  the  substance  of 
the  velum  palati.  Its  use  is  to  raise  the  velum 
palati. 

Levator  Pat/pebr^    Superio'ris,  Pnlpehrm 

avperioris  prinitis,  Aperfor  Oc'nii,  Ape'rieus  Pnl- 
pehr<t'r)i7H  rectus,  J'eclu'sor  pnlpehra'riim,  (F. ) 
Oj-hitn- palpebral  (Ch.),  Orhito-sus-palpelra/, 
Elerateiir  de  la  pajipiere  snperietire.  A  long', 
small,  thin  muscle,  situate  at  the  upper  part  of 
the  orliitar  cavity.  Ry  its  posterior  extremity  it 
is  inserted  into  the  little  ala  of  the  sphenoid  bone, 
immediately  in  front  of  the  foramen  opticum.  ant!, 
by  its  anterior  extremity,  which  is  expanded,  it 
terminates  at  the  tipper  margin  of  the  tarsal  car- 
tilage of  the  eyelid.  This  muscle  raises  the 
upper  eyelid,  draws  it  backwards,  and  sinks  it 
into  the  orbit. 

Levator  Pros'tat^,  (F.)  lielevevr  de  la  proa, 
tafe.  Santorini  has  given  this  name  to  the  ante- 
rior fibres  of  the  levator  ani,  which  embrace  the 
prostate. 

Levator  ScAp'ri,^,  Elera'tor  arapvl(p.  E.  sru 
JIftia'cidua  Patieti'titr,  Avgtda'ria,  Ler^ntor  pro'pri- 
va  Rcapiilcp, — (F.)  Trachelo-scaptdaire  (Ch.),  v4ii- 
gidaire   de    I'omoplate,   Rclcveur   de   Vomoplate. 


LEVATORES   COSTARUM 


5  3G 


LICHEN 


This  muscle  is  so  called,  because  it  is  attached 
til  the  upper  and  internal  angle  of  the  scapula. 
It  is  situate  at  the  posterior  and  lateral  part  of 
the  neck,  and  at  the  upper  part  of  the  back.  It 
is  lonp;,  tiat,  and  broader  above  than  below.  In 
this  latter  direction,  it  is  inserted  into  the  supe- 
rior internal  ani^le  of  the  scapula;  and,  in  tlie 
former,  into  the  tops  of  the  transverse  processes 
t.f  the  first  four  cervical  vertebrae.  It  de|)resses 
tiie  prominence  of  the  shoulder,  by  raising  the 
).osterior  angle  of  the  scapula,  on  wliich  it  im- 
presses a  kind  of  rotary  motion.  It  can,  also, 
draw  the  head  to  one  side. 

Levator  IIre'thr.«,  (F.)  ReJcveur  de  I'Ure- 
thre,  Santorini  describes  under  this  name  a 
portion  of  the  transversus  periniei  muscle. 

LEVATORES  COSTARUM,  Supracostales, 

LEVEN,  Ferment. 

LEVER,  from  levare,  'to  lift  up.''  Vectis, 
MocIi/ks,  Porrec'tum.  An  inflexible  rod,  turning 
round  a  fixed  point,  and  used  for  moving  bodies, 
licaring  burdens,  or  raising  them.  The  point  on 
which  the  lever  moves  is  called  the  Fulcrum,  Hy- 
pnmiicli'lliin.  The  force  which  moves  the  lever 
is  called  the  power  ;  and  the  weight  to  be  moved, 
the  resintaiice.  There  are  three  kinds  of  levers. 
A  lever  of  the  first  kind  has  the  fulcrum  between 
the  power  and  resistance.  A  lever  of  the  second 
l.-liid  has  the  reslitanve  between  the  fulcrum  and 
jiower  ;  whilst  a  lever  of  the  third  klud  has  the 
poirer  between  the  fulcrum  and  resistance.  In 
the  locomotive  system  of  the  human  body,  we 
liave  examples  of  all  the  three  kinds.  The  bones 
represent /e«er«y  the  muscles  of  locomotion  are 
powers;  the  weight  of  parts  to  be  moved  con- 
stitutes the  reslstiiuce.  The  fulcra,  are,  at  times, 
the  joints;  at  others,  the  ground,  &c.  The  head 
moves  on  the  neck,  as  a  lever  of  the  first  kind; 
the  first  cervical  vertebra  forming  the  fulcrum. 
We  rise  on  tiptoe  by  a  lever  of  the  second  kind, 
the  fulcrum  being  the  ground  under  the  toes; 
and  we  have  examples  of  a  lever  of  the  third 
kind  in  the  flexion  of  the  fore-arm  on  the  arm,  in 
the  elevation  of  the  arm.  &c. 

Leveh,  Hystero-morh'llum,  dfochlls'cus,  Vectis 
iiliHtetrlc'  Itis,  Vectis,  (F.)  Lecler,  is  an  instrument 
curved  at  the  extremity,  and  having  a  fenestra. 
It  is  used  to  assist  the  extraction  of  the  child's 
head,  when  instrumental  aid  is  necessary.  Le- 
vers are,  also,  used  by  the  dentist  for  extracting 
stumps,  <fcc.  The  Lerler  de  I'Echtse,  Laiif/ue  de 
C!<u-))e,  Trivelln  or  Punch,  is  employed  for  ex- 
tracting the  molar  teeth. 

LEVI'ATIIAN  PENIS,  Prin'pus  Cetl,  Bale'- 
iu(s.  The  penis  of  the  whale.  This  singular  me- 
dicine was,  at  one  time,  given  in  powder,  in 
cases  of  dysentery  and  leucorrhcea, 

LEVfER,  Lever — /.  de  V  Eel  use,  see  Lever. 

LEVIGA'TION,  Lxevu/a'tio,  from  Icnvli/are, 
Iirrlj/a'tum,  {losvia,  'smooth,')  'to  polish.'  Por- 
phyrlzn'tlon.  An  operation,  by  which  bodies  are 
reduced  to  very  fine  powder.  It  is  performed  by 
putting  substances,  already  pulverized,  into  water; 
tlie  coarser  parts  are  not  long  in  being  deposited, 
whilst  the  finer  molecules  remain  suspended  in 
the  water.  The  liquor  is  decanted  into  another 
vessel,  and  sufi'ered  to  remain  at  rest,  until  the 
fine  particles  are  collected  at  the  bottom.  The 
fluid  part  is  then  separated  by  dccantation. 

LEVISTICUM,  Ligusticum  levisticum. 

LEVRE,  Lip. 

LEVRES  GR ANDES.  Labia  pudendi— Z.  Pe- 
titcs,  Nvmphae — I.  de  la  Vulve,  Labia  pudendi. 

LEVrPE,  Yest— /.  de  la  Rlere,  Yest. 

LEXIPIIARMACUS.  Alcxipharmic. 

LEXIPYRETICUS.  Febrifuge. 

LEY,  Lixivium,  Lye — 1.  Soap,  Liquor  potassae. 

LEYS'SERA    GNAPIIALOI'DES.     A   South 


African  plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Compositic,  which  is 
emollient,  and  highly  recommended  at  the  Cape, 
in  catarrh,  cough,  and  evcu  iti  phthisis. 

LEZARD,  Lizard. 

LI  AN  A  REOLfSSE,  Abrus  precatorius. 

LIA'TRIS  SPICA'TA,  Guyfathvr.  Jhiiton 
snnkeroot.  Ord.  Composita).  An  indigenoiia 
plant,  growing  in  meadows  and  moist  grounds  in 
the  Middle  and  Southern  States.  Its  benntiful 
purple  compound  flowers  are  in  a  spike.  Tlicy 
appear  in  August.  The  root  has  been  considered 
diuretic. 

Lia'tris  Scario'sa  and  L.  S^rAniio'sA, 
Throntwort,  Sow-wort,  Backache  root,  Drrllsliile, 
Blazing  star,  Prairie  pines,  Rouf/h  root,  are 
called  from  their  reputed  powers  in  bites  from 
the  rattlesnake.  Rattlesnake's  master.  The  roots, 
bruised,  arc  applied  to  the  wound,  and  the  decoc- 
tion, in  milk,  is  given  internally. 

LIBANOTIS  ANNUA,  Athamanta  cretensis 
—  1.  Coronaria,  Rosmarinus  —  1.  Cretcnsis,  Allm- 
manta  cretcnsis — 1.  Ilirsuta,  Athamanta  cretensis, 

LIBANOTUS,  see  Juniperus  lycia. 

LIBANUS,  .Juniperus  lycia. 

LIBER  PHARMACEUTICUS,  Dispensato- 
rium. 

LIBIDINIS  SEDES,  Clitoris. 

LIBIDINOSUS,  Libidinous. 

LIBID'INOUS,  LIhldlno'sus,  Lasci'vm,  Y«. 
neriv'agus  ;  from  libido,  '  lust,'  Lech'erous,  Lick'- 
orous.     Lewd ;  lustful. 

LIBI'DO.  Desire,  necessity.  Authors  speak 
of  Libido  uri'ncB,  Libido  intestl'ni.  Some  em- 
ploy it  synonymously  with  Prurigo  ;  others,  with 
Salao" Itas,  Lnbl'do.  HI'meros. 

LIBOS,  from  Ati/Su,  'to  drop.'  A  defluxion 
from  the  eyes. — Galen. 

LIBRA,  Pound. 

LICIIANOS,  Index,  see  Digitus. 

LICHE,  Body.  . 

LICHEN,  )ieixv''  f"  ^iX^^>  (pronounced  ll'kni,) 
Exor'mla  Ijlehen,  I^elcheu,  Serpl'f/o,  Volnt'lca, 
Pap'ulcB,  P.  slccep,  Petl'r/o,  PustiilfB  sicca".,  Sen'- 
blca  sicca  seu  a'(/rla,  Llehenl'aals  adulto'nim, 
Li' chenous  rash,  (F.)  Gale  seche.  Dartre  furfnruree 
rolaiite,  Poussee.  The  cutaneous  affection  de- 
scribed under  this  name  by  the  Greek  writers,  is 
not  clearly  defined.  Some  have  believed  it  to  be 
Impetl(/o,  but  this  is  doubtful.  The  name  is,  now, 
generally  applied  to  a  diffuse  eruption  of  red 
pimples,  accompanied  by  a  troublesome  sense  of 
tingling  or  pricking.  Drs.  Willan  and  Bateinnn 
define  it,  —  "an  extensive  eruption  of  papulae 
affecting  adults,  connected  with  internal  disor- 
der, usually  terminating  in  scurf;  recurrent,  not 
contagious."  One  of  their  varieties,  however, 
the  Lichen  Tropicus,  does  not  accord  well  with 
this  definition  ;  for  it  affects  children  as  well  as 
.adults,  and  is  unconnected  with  internal  dis- 
order. 

LlOHKN  A'gRTUS,  L.  A'f/ria.  E.ror'mla  Lichen 
fcrus.  Lichen  ferns,  Pap'vlii  a'ljrla,  Wild  Lichtti, 
is  distinguished  by  pimples  in  clusters  or  patches, 
surrounded  by  a  red  halo  ;  the  cuticle  growing 
gradually  harsh,  thickened,  and  chappy,  often 
preceded  by  general  irritation.  In  addition  to 
antiphlogisties,  a  cooling  ointment  may  be  used, 
to  allay  itching. 

Lichen  Barbatus  Pucatus,  L.  plicatus. 

LiCTEN  Circi'mscrip'ti'S  is  characterized  by 
clusters  or  patches  of  papulae,  having  a  well  de- 
fined margin,  and  an  irregularly  circular  fmm: 
continuing  for  six  or  eitrht  weeks.  These  varietieg 
require  but  little  medical  treatment.  The  anti- 
phlogistic plan  is  all  that  is  necessary. 

Lichen  Fhrus,  Lichen  agrius. 

LiCHR\  Liv'inus.  The  papubf  have  a  dark 
red  or  livid  hue,  without  any  fever.    They  are 


LICHEN   PILAHIS 


53  7 


LIENTERY 


more  permanent  in  this  variety.     It  requires  the 
mineriil  aciils  and  baric. 

Liciir.N  Pii,a'uis,  Exor'mia  Lichen  pilnrts,  is 
merely  a  modifioation  of  the  preceding;  the  pa- 
jmlie  iijipearini^  at  the  roots  of  the  hair. 

LiciIKN  SfMl'LKX,  Ejror'mia  Lichen  simplex, 
ponsists  of  an  eruption  of  red  papuluD,  appearing 
first  on  the  face  or  arms,  and  afterwards  extend- 
ing over  tlie  body ;  preceded  for  a  few  days  by 
flil^ht  febrile  irritation,  whicli  usually  ceases  when 
the  eruption  ayipoars, — with  an  unpleasant  sense 
of  tin),'ling  during  the  night.  It  generally  dies 
avTiiy  in  ten  days  or  a  fortnight. 

LlCllRS  Tlloi>'lciiS,  Exoniiin  Lichen  tropicus, 
E'zen'mn,  En'nerd  [?],  Sud<tiii'iiin  [/],  I'riehly 
Unit,  Slimmer  Hunk.  The  pimples  are  bright 
roil,  and  of  the  size  of  a  sin^ll  jiin's  head  ;  with 
heat,  itching,  and  pricking,  as  if  by  needles.  It 
is  local;  proiluced  by  excessive  heat;  and  disap- 
pears wlien  the  weather  becomes  cooler,  or  the 
individual  is  inured  to  the  clituate. 

LlClIEX  Uhtica'tus,  L.  Uitieo'sm,  Exor'mia 
Lichen  nrtico'nus,  is  another  variety.  The  Nettle 
fjichen  consists  of  papula?,  accompanied  l).y 
wheals  liice  those  of  nettle  rash.  A  variety  of 
this  is  said  to  be  called,  in  America,  bliyhta. 

Lichkx,  Wild,  Lichen  agrius. 

LluiIKN  Apiithosits,  Pelli'den  nphtho'sri ;  Ord. 
Lichcnaceae ;  is  said  to  be  cathartic  and  anthel- 
uiintic. 

Lichen  Arboritm,  Lichen  pulmonarius  —  \. 
Biirbatus  plicatus,  Liclicn  plicatus  —  I.  Blnne  de 
Neige,  L.  caninus — /.  Bintier,  L.  pyxidatus. 

LiCHBN  Canixiis  seu  spu'riun  sea  terren'- 
trit  seu  veno'sH8  seu  ciner'eiis  tevrcs'tris.  Ifitsciis 
c-iiii'iiim,  Phya'cia  niva'lin,  Peltii/'ern  ciiiii'nn, 
Pelli'den  eani'na  SOU  leiieorrhi'zn  seu  mixla'cea 
(!eu  ampliH'nima  seu  npu'rin,  Aih-colonred  Ground 
Iiiverwiirt,  (F.)  Lichen  contre-roge,  Lichen  hinnc 
de  neiije.  This  crj'ptogamous  plant  was,  for  a 
lung  time,  considered  cajiable  of  preventing  and 
curing  Rahies  cnninri.  It  has,  also,  been  used  in 
mania  and  in  spasmo<lic  asthma. 

LiciiKfJ  CiNKRKus  TKRitKSTUis,  L.  caninus  —  1. 
Carrageen,  Fucus  crispus — 1.  Cocciforus,  L.  pyxi- 
datus—  /.  contre  Rnije,  L.  caninus — I.  Entonnoir, 
L.  pyxidatus  —  1.  Eryngifolius,  L.  islandicus  —  1. 
Floridus  hirtus,  L.  plicatus — 1.  Ilirtus,  L.  pli- 
catus. 

LlciIKX  IsLAN'piCtTS,  L.  eri/nr/ifo'liun,  Liche- 
nn'i'den  fHlitnd'icnm,  Lnhn'riii  hian'dica,  3fiiiciis 
[•i/niidlcnn  seu  cdthar' liens,  Chtilo'nia  seu  Phyn'- 
cin  seu  Celra'riii  seu  Parme'lin  hlnn'dica,  Ice- 
I'lnd  Lichen  or  Liverwort  or  Moss,  (F.)  Lichen 
d'  Inhinde,  Mousse  marine  perlee,  Mousse  d' Islnnde. 
This  plant  is  inodorous,  with  a  bitter  and  muci- 
laginous taste.  It  is  esteemed  to  bo  tonic,  demul- 
cent, and  nutrient.  Dose,  J^j  to  ,^iv,  being  first 
steeped  in  water  liolding  in  solution  some  car- 
hiumte  of  potassa  to  extract  the  bitter,  and  then 
liDJled  in  niillc.  A  bitter  principle  has  been  ex- 
tracted from  it.  termed  Cetrnrin,  Cetrnri'num, 
Vclrn'rium.  which  has  been  given  in  intermittents. 

LirtiKN  Laoiniatus,  L.  saxatilis — L  Parietinus, 
P  irmolia  parietina. 

LicilRV  Plica'tits,  Tj.  hirtus  seu  barhn'tug  pli- 
C'l'luH  seu  Floridus  hirtus,  Pnrme'lia  plica'tn,  Us- 
n-'n  plic'i'lii,  U.  Flor'idii  hiria  seu  hiria,  Miiscus 
iirliii'reiis  seu  nihus  seu  quernus,  Querci'ni  Ilerhit. 
This  plant  is  applied,  by  the  Laplanders,  as  an 
n<tring''nt,  to  l)leeding  vessels ;  and  to  parts  I 
which  are  excoriated  after  long  journeys. 

LloiIKM  Pri.MOVA'lill'S,  L.  nr'liorum  sen  reli- 
eiilii'liis,  Pnrnie'lin  puhnonn'cen,  Iteticnhi'rin  o/fi- 
fina'lis,  .]fuscus  puhnouorins  qiterci' mis,  Pnlmonn'-  , 
riix  arho'rcn,  Loha'rin  pulmonnrio,  Stirta  puimn-  1 
n'^'cen,  Onk  Ijungs,  Tree  Lungwort,  Hnzel  Crot- 
flct,  ffazelraw,  (F.)  Lichen  pidmonnire,  Pnlino. 
naire  en  arbre  ou  de  cheite.     This  plant  is  sub-  ! 


astringent,  and  rather  acid.    It  was  once  in  high 
repute  for  curing  diseases  of  the  lungs. 

LiCFtKN  PrxiDA'Ti;.*,  MuHcns  Pyxida'tus,  Sey- 
phoph'orus  ])yxida'tus,  JIfus'culus  pyra'i'des  ter- 
I  res'tris,  Lichen  pyxida'tus  major  seu  cuccij'erus, 
Herba  Ignis,  Cup  Moss,  (F.)  Lichen  entonnoir, 
Jjichen  lioitier,  L.  Pyxide.  This  plant  is  suli- 
astringent,  and  has  been  used  in  decoction  in 
hooping-cough. 

LicnK>»  IIkticulati's,  L.  pulmonarius. 

Lichen  Koccj;i/la,  Porme'lia  rorcel'la,  Roc- 
eella,  li.  lincto'ria,  Setn'rin  ruccelUi,  Litmus, 
Lacmus,  L.  tinclo'rins,  Orchill,  Cnna'ry  Archell, 
Ghinney  Weed,  Herb  Arehell,  (F.)  Orseille.  The 
chief  use  of  this  plant  is  as  a  blue  dye.  It  has 
been  employed  to  allay  cough  in  phthisis,  <fec. 

Lichen  Saxat'ilis,  i.  tincto'rius  seu  laeinia'- 
tus,  Parme'lin  saxal'ilis,  Imhn'en'ria  snxat'ilit, 
Loba'ria  saxnt'ilis,  Musens  Ura'nii  huma'ni,  Us- 
ne'a.  This  moss,  wlien  found  growing  on  a  human 
skull,  was  formerly  in  high  estimation  against 
head  affections,  &c. 

Lichen  Spukius,  L.  caninus  —  \.  Stellatus, 
Marchantia  polymorpha — 1.  Tinctorius,  L.  Saxa- 
tilis— I.  Wall,  yellow,  Paruielia  parietina. 

LICIIENIASIS  ADULTOKUM,  Lichen  — L 
Strophulus,  Strophulus. 

LICHENOIDES  ISLANDICUM,  Lichen  Is- 
landicus. 

LTCKOROUS.  Libidinous. 

LICINIUM,  Tent. 

LICORICE.  Glvcyrrhiza. 

LICULMEN.  Garum. 

LIEB'ENSTEIN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP. 
These  waters,  situated  in  the  duchy  of  Saxe-Mei 
ningcn,  are  amongst  the  strongest  acidulous  cha- 
lybeates  in  Germany.  They  contain  sulphate  of 
soda,  chloride  of  sodium,  sulphate  of  lime,  chlo- 
ride of  calcium,  carbonate  of  lime,  chloride  of 
magnesium,  and  carbonate  of  iron. 

LIERERKtiHN'S  GLANDS  or  FOLLICLES, 
Gldu'didce  seu  CryptcB  Lieberhiihiiia'ncp,  SO  called 
from  their  first  describer,  are  fine,  capillar}',  blind 
sacs,  the  openings  of  which  are  from  l-20th  to 
] -,30th  of  a  line  in  diameter,  so  closely  placed 
over  the  whole  of  the  small  intestine  as  to  give 
the  mucous  membrane  a  general  sieve-like  or 
perforated  app'earance.  They  secrete  the  aucetta 
entericus. 

LfEBERSCflE  AUSZEHRUNG'S  KRAV- 
TEN,  see  Galeopsis  grandiflora  —  1.  Brust- 
krauter,  see  Galeopsis  grandiflora. 

LIEBWERDA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Liebwerda  is  a  Bohemian  village,  near  the  Sile- 
sian  frontier.  The  springs  are  much  frequented. 
There  are  four,  all  of  which  are  rich  in  carbonic 
acid,  and  contain  but  little  saline  matter. 

LIEGE,  Suber. 

LIEN  (F.),  Vin'culum.  A  band,  strnp  or  gar. 
ter,  used  in  certain  operations;  as  to  tie  patients 
during  the  operation  of  lithotomy  ;  to  fix  the  ap- 
paratus in  fracture,  Ac.     Also,  the  spleen. 

LIEN  ACCESSORIUS,  Lienculus— 1.  Ingens, 
Splenoncus — 1.  Succenturiatus,  Lienculus. 

LIEN'CULUS,  diminutive  of  lien,  'spleen,' 
Lien  succeuturin'tns  seu  accesso'rius.  A  super- 
nuinerarv  spleen. 

LIENITIS,  Splenitis. 
LIENOSUS,  Splenic. 

LI'ENTERY,  Lienter'in,  from  Xiiof.  'smooth,' 
'slippery,' and  tiTtpov,  'intestine'  Lm'rltas  seu 
Lnx'itns  intcstiiio'rnm,  Dinrrhee'n  lienter'in, 
E/u.rus  Lieiiter'ieus,  Chymorrhir'a  seu  Lox'itaa 
ingesto'rum,  flromnto'ec' crisis.  Dinrrhie'a  Dyspep'- 
tica  seu  cum  Apepslii  sen  Ingesto'rum,  Slip'peri- 
nesa  of  the  Guts.  Frequent  liquid  evacuations, 
the  food  only  half  digested.  This  condition  is 
always   symptomatic  of  great  irritation   in   the 


LIERRE 


538 


inte?tinnl  oanal,  the  sensibility  of  which  is  so 
UHicli  aun;meiited  that  it  caunot  bear  tlie  sojourn 
of  the  food  in  it. 

LIERRE,  Jledera  helix— ^  Grinipniit,  Iledcra 
helix — /.  Terrexlre,  Glec-honia  hederacea. 

LIFE,  Sax.  lip,  liy,  Yitu,  Bios,  Ui'ote,  Di'otos, 
Zoe,  Piieuma,  iSjjir'itiis,  (¥.)  Vie.  The  state  of 
organized  beings,  during  which,  owing  to  the 
union  of  an  unknown  force  with  matter,  they 
are  capable  of  performing  functions  different 
from  those  that  regulate  otlier  natural  bodies;  all 
of  which  functions,  however  numerous  and  diver- 
sified, work  to  one  end.  Life  has  only  a  limited 
duration  ;  beyond  which, — the  organic  functions 
ceasing  to  be  executed, — the  body  is  given  up  to 
the  agency  of  chemical  aflBnity.  Hence  Bichat 
has  defined  life  to  be — the  iigyregate  of  the  fiitic- 
tioiis  vihich  rexist  death.  On  account  of  the  dif- 
ference that  exists  among  the  vital  functions,  he 
applied  the  term  On/miic  Life  to  the  functions 
inservient  to  composition  and  decomposition  ; — 
as  digestion,  respiration,  circulation,  calorifica- 
tion, absorption,  secretion,  and  nutrition ;  and 
Animal  Life,  to  the  functions  which  connect  man 
and  animals  with  external  bodies;  as  the  under- 
standing, sensations,  locomotion  and  voice. 

Lifk-Blood.  a  term,  commonly  used  for  a 
twitching  or  quivering  of  the  eyelids — a  kind  of 
involuntary  or  muscular  tie.     See  Cillo. 

LiFp;,  Duration  of,  see  Longevity. 

Life  Evkiii-asting,  Gnaphalium  mnrgarita- 
ceuui — 1.  Everlasting,  jilantain,  Antennaria  ]>lan- 
taginifolia  —  1.  Everlasting,  sweet-scented,  Gna- 
phalium polycephalum. 

]jIfe,  Expkctation  of,  see  Longevity. 

Lifk-Insci'iianok.  A  contract  enteretl  into, 
usually  by  an  inininnce  compaiii/,  to  pay  a  cer- 
tain sum  of  money  on  a  person's  death,  on  the 
condition  of  his  paying  an  annual  premium 
during  his  life.  The  medical  practitioner  may 
be  ai)plied  to  to  certify  that  the  life  of  the  insured 
is  one  that  is  insurable  according  to  the  rules  of 
the  company. 

Life  Root,  Senecio  aurens. 

Life,  Value  of.  see  I^ongevity,  and  Mortality. 

Life's  Blood,  Life-blood,  Cillo. 

LIG'AMENT.  Lif/inneii'tiim  ;  from  lignre.  h'gn- 
tUDi,  'to  bind;'  Uesniof!,  SjiiileK' iiion,  Colliija' men, 
C'ip'uht.  A  name  given  to  fibrous  structures, 
which  serve  to  unite  bones,  and  to  form  articula- 
tions;  hence  the  division  into  iuteroxneous  and 
ortieuhir  ligaments.  They  are  of  a  white,  close 
texture;  are  but  little  extensible,  and  difficult  to 
break.  The  name  liyamcnt  has,  also,  been  given 
to  any  membranous  fold,  which  retains  an  organ 
in  its  situation. 


Table  op  the  Principal  Ligajients. 


1.  Of  Ote  Lower  Jaw. 


2.  Connedinri  IJin 
Hold  with  the.  first 
and  serimd  I't-r/c-- 
hrr.',  and.  t/uise  witli 
each  other. 


8.  Of  the  other  Verle- 
hroe. 


the 


Capsular  ligament, 
l^uspensory     ligament     of 

stylo-glossus. 
Lateral  ligament. 
Two  capsular  ligaments  between 

atlas  and  lioad. 
Circular  ligament. 
Two  capsular  between  atlas  and 

axis. 
Perpendicular  ligament. 
Two   lateral  or  moderator  liga- 
ments. 

Transverse  ligament  and  its  ap- 
pendices. 
'Anterior  common. 
Crucial  interverteljral. 
Ligaments    running    from    the 
edge  of  the  bony  arch  and  spi- 
nous process  of  one  vertebra 
to  that  of  the  next, 
j  Interspinous  ligament. 
I  Liganipiitum  nucha;. 
I  Intertransverse. 
I  Capsular. 
{_  Posterior  or  internal  common. 


4.  Of  the  Jiibs,  Ster- 
num, (£c. 


LIGAMENT 


f  Capsular  of  tlie  bead  of  ribs. 

Capsular  of  the  tubercles. 

Liganienla  transversaria  in 
terna. 

Liganieuta  transver.saria  ex- 
terna. 

Ligamenta  cervicis  costarum 
externa. 

Ligamentous  fibres  rnnniiif; 
from  the  margins  of  the  ex- 
tremities of  the  ribs  to  the 
onn-csponding  cartihiges. 

llailiiited  liganieut»  fnnii  carti- 
lage of  ribs  to  the  slernnni. 

Capsular  ligaments  of  the  tarli- 
lages  of  the  ribs. 

Proper  membrane  of  sternum. 

L.  of  cartilag(vensifi>ruiis. 

Tendinous  expansious  over  the 
intercostales,  Ac. 


5.  Oftherdvis 


6.  Of  the  Clavicle.. 


Two  transverse, — one  superior, 

one  inferior. 
lli.)-s:icral. 
Capsular  of  the  sncro-iliac  syn- 

dioudnjsis. 
Two    sacro-iscliiatic,  —  posterior 

and  anterior,  with  the  superior 

and  inferior  appendices. 
Lnmiitudinal  of  os  coccygis. 
Inguinal  ligament. 
Capsular  of  symphysis  pubis. 
Ligament    of    forauicn     Ihyroi- 

deum. 

f  Radiated  lig.ament. 
Capsular. 
Interclavicular. 
Ligamentuni  rliomboideum. 
Claviculo-acromial. 
Conoid. 
Trapezoid. 


7.  Of  the  Scapula /Anterior  triangular. 

•>  ■•  j^  Proper  posterior. 

8.  Of    the     Slioulder-  \  „         , 

Joint.  I  Capsular. 


9.  Of  the  Elbovj-Joint. 


Capsular. 
liracbiii-ulnar. 
ISraeliioradial. 
Coronary  of  the  radiu,s. 
Anterior    and    posterior   acces- 
sory. 
Intermuscular    of    the    os    hu- 
[     meri. 

10.  Ciirpnl  Jva-^rcmiXv  fl^nterosppons  ligament. 
of  liadius aiidUlna.]  Oblique  or  chorda  transversalis 
and    between    thosel      cubiti. 
ho7ies.  I  Capsular. 


11.  Between  Fnre-arm 
and  Wrist. 


rCapsular, 
-<  Two  latPi 


ral. 


(.Mucous. 

{Annular. 
Capsular. 
Short         ligament."!.  —  oblique, 
transverse,      capsular,       aod 
projicr. 


13.  Between  Carpal^ 
and  Metacarpal 
hones.  J 

14.  Between  the  extre- 
mities of  the,  Meta-- 
carpal  bones. 

15.  At  the  base  rif  the^ 
Metacarpal  bone  of 
tlie  Tliumh,  and  at 
the  first  joint  of  the 
Finyers. 

16.  Of  the  first  and^ 
second  joints  of  tlie 
Tliumh,  and  second 
and  third  joints  of 
the.  Fingers.  j 


Articular  lateral. 
Straight,  perpendicular,  &c. 

'Interosseous,  at  the  bases  and 
heads,  —  dorsal,    lateral,    pal- 
.     mar. 


Capsular. 
Lateral. 


Capsular. 
LateraL 


■  Annular. 

Vaginal  or  flexor  tendons. 
Tfetctining        the     Vaginal  or  crucial  of  the  phv 
Tendons      of      the        langes. 

Muscles  of  the  TTand  ■{  Accessory    of    the    flexor    teur 
ayid     Fingers      in  I      dons, 
situ.  Posterior  annular. 

I  Vaginal  of  extensors. 
L  Transverse  of  uxtensorB. 


LIGAMENT 


53  9 


LIGHT 


19.  OftlM  Knw-Jmnt. 


20.  Cbimedinp  Fibula 
and  Tibia. 


21.  Connecting 
Tarsal  with 
Leg  Bones. 


22.  Of  the  Tarsus.. 


f  CHpsular  .ind  iircpssorv  slips. 
18.  nrnnerMnij  t}w  Os  I  liouiul  or  tents  liir^miiMit. 
Femaris  viilli  lite  Os\  Cartilaiiinnus  li;;iiiiient. 
innominaluni.  Double  cartiliijiinous  ligament. 

[  I-it;amouta  mucosa, 
f  Lateral,  —  internal    and    exter- 
nal. 
External     short     lateral     liga- 
ment. 
Posterior  lipimcnt. 
liixament  of  the  patella. 
(Capsular. 
Liframeritum  alare,  —  majus  et 

minus. 
liiL'ainentnm  mnnnsum. 
Two  erucial, — anterior  and  pos- 
terior. 
[Transverse. 
'  Capsular. 
Interosseous. 
Anterior  superior. 
Posterior  superior. 
Anterior  liirament  of  the  fibula. 
I'osterior  of  filmla. 
Deltoides  of  tibia. 
^Capsular, 
f  f'ai.sular. 
.'^hort  ligaments. 
Capsular,   lirciail    superior,    and 
lateral    lii;aments,  connecting 
astragalus  and  naviculare. 
Superior,   lateral,   and   inferior, 
fixing  OR  calcis  to  os  cuboides. 
Long,   obliijue,    and    rhomboid, 
forming     the     inferior    liga- 
ments. 
Superior    superficial,    interosse- 
ous   and    inferior    transverse 
ligaments,  fixing  the  os  navi- 
culare and  OS  cuboides. 
Superior    lateral,    and    plantar, 
which   fix    the   os   naviculare 
and  cuneiform. 
Superior   superficial    and    plan- 
tar,   connectiniT     the    os    cu- 
boides, and  OS  cuneiforme  ex- 
ternum. 
Dorsal  and  plantar,  uniting  the 

o«sa  cuneiformia. 
The    proper    capsular    of    each 
[     bone. 
23.    Beiwem     Tawus /Capsular  ,     ,     .  ,  , 

and  Metatarsus.       i  I*orsal,  j.Iantar,  lateral,  straight, 
(.     obli([Uc.  and  transverse. 

1  Dorsal,     plantar,     and     lateral, 
connecting      the     metatarsal 
bones. 
Transverse  ligaments. 
25.  Of  the  Phalanges  (  CapmUr. 
of  the  Toes.  {  Lateral. 

.\nnular. 
Vaginal  of  the  tendons  of  the 

peronei. 
Laciniated. 
Vaginal    of   the   tendon   of  the 

flexor  longus  pollicis. 
Vaginal  and  crucial  ot  the  ten- 
dons   of   the    flexors    of   the 
toes. 
Accessory  of  the  flexor  tendons 

of  the  toes. 
Tran.sverse  of  the  extensor  ten- 
dons. 

Ligament,  anteuioh,  of  the  Bladder.  A 
name  given  by  the  older  anatomists  to  a  por- 
tion of  the  superior  pelvic  aponeurosis,  which 
becomes  attached  to  the  front  of  the  neck  of  the 
bhiddcr. 

LfOA.VEXT  ARTERTEL,  Arterial  ligament 
—1.  Camper's,  Perineal  fascia— 1.  Cervical  supra- 
spinal, see  Suprasiiinosa  ligamenta  — /.  Ciliaiie, 
Ciliiiry  ligament. 

Ligament,  Coit'oNAnr,  of  the  Livkr,  is  a  re- 
flection formed  by  the  peritoneum,  between  the 
posterior  margin  of  the  liver,  and  the  lower  sur- 
face of  the  diaphragm.     See  Falx. 

Lfgamext,  CosTO-xitnoin,  Xiphoid  ligament 
— /.  Dcntcle,  Denticulatuui  iigamentum — /.  Den- 
ticuU,     Denticulatum     Iigamentum  —  1.    Dorso- 


2C.    Hdnining       \ 
Tewl(,ns      of      i 
Jiiisch-s  of  the  Foot ' 
and  Toes  in  situ. 


lumbo-supraspinal,  see  Supra-spinosa  ligamenta 

—  1.  of  Fallopius,  Crural  arch  —  1.  Gimbernat's, 
see  Gimhernnt's  ligament — 1.  Glossepiglottic,  see 
Glossepiglottic— 1.  Infra-pubian,  Triangular  liga- 
ment—  /.  Iiiterepineiijc,  Interspinal  ligament  —  1. 
of  the  Ovary,  see  Ovarium — 1.  Palmar  inferior, 
Metacarpal  ligament  —  1.  Poupart's,  Crural  arch 
— I.  liond,  Teres  Iigamentum — I.  Sur-epim-n.i:  i-er- 
vicdl,  see  Supra-spinosa  ligamenta — /.  Sur-ej)!- 
neux-dorsii-loiiihai re,  see  Supra-spinosa  ligamenta 
— 1.  Suspensory,  of  the  liver,  see  Suspensory — 1. 
Triangular,  Perineal  fascia. 

LIGAMENTA  ALARIA,  Odontoid  ligaments 

—  1.  Apicum,  see  Interspinal  ligament  —  1.  Coli- 
see  Colon — 1.  Interloliularia  pulmonum.  Interlo- 
bular tissue  —  1.  Intervertebralia,  Intervertebral 
cartilages  —  1.  Lata  uteri,  see  Uterus  —  1.  Man- 
charti.  Odontoid  ligaments  —  1.  Rotunda  uteri, 
Round  ligaments  of  the  uterus  —  1.  larsea  lata, 
see  Tarsea  lata  (ligamenta). 

LIGAMENTE'UX,  Ligamentous. 
LTGAMENTOSUS,  Ligamentous. 
LIGAMEN'TOUS,     Lignmento'sus,     Bcxviovx, 
DeHnui'suH,  (F.)  Liyamenteujr,   I)e«riicux.     Having 
the  character  of,  or  relating  to,  a  ligament. 

LIGAMENTS,  BROAD',  OF  THE  UTERUS, 
see  Uterus — I.  Croises,  Crucial  ligaments— /.  6V»- 
cifarmen,  Crucial  ligaments  —  I.  Jannen,  Yellow 
ligaments  —  /.  Largcs  de  F uterus,  see  Uterus  —  1. 
of  the  Laryn.x,  inferior,  Thyreo-arytenoid  liga- 
ments— I.  lionds  de  ruterim,  Round  ligaments  of 
the  uterus. 

LIG AMENTUM,  Ligament  — 1.  Arteriosum, 
see  Arterial  duct — 1.  Capsulare,  Capsular  ligament 
—1.  Ciliare,  Ciliary  ligament— 1.  Conoides,  Conoid 
ligament — 1.  Dentatura,  Denticulatum  ligamcn- 
tum— 1.  Fallopii,  Crural  arch  —  1.  Iridis,"Ciliary 
ligament — 1.  Latum,  Suspensory  ligament  of  tlie 
liver — -1.  Membranaceum,  Glosso-epiglottic  liga- 
ment— 1.  Nuchae,  Cervical  ligament — 1.  Posticuui 
Winslowii,  see  Genu  —  1.  Suspensorium  dentis, 
see  Odontoid  ligaments — 1.  Suspensorium  hepatis, 
Suspensory  ligament  of  the  liver  —  1.  Susiicnso- 
rium  testis,  Gubernaculum  testis — 1.  Teres,  Teres 
Iigamentum — 1.  Trajiezoides,  Trapezoid  ligament 
— 1.  Triangulare,  Triansjular  ligament. 
LIGATE,  see  Ligature. 

LIGATIO,  Fascia,  Ligature — 1.  Linguae,  Apho- 
nia. 

LIGATION,  see  Ligature. 
LIGATURA,    Ligature,    Fascia  — 1.    Glandis, 
Phimosis. 

LIG'ATURE,  Ligntn'rn,  Lign'tio,  Alligatii'rii, 
Deh'ga'tio,  Viiictii'ra,  Fascia,  Epid'esis.  This 
word  has  various  acceptations.  It  means,  1.  Tiie 
thread  with  which  an  artery  or  vein  is  tied,  ti) 
prevent  or  arrest  hemorrhage.  2.  The  cord,  or 
thread,  or  wire,  used  for  removing  tumours,  <ic. 
3.  The  bandage  used  for  phlebotimiy.  Liijatnre 
is,  also,  sometimes  applied  to  the  act  of  tying  an 
artery  or  considerable  vessel— Lii/n'tioii,  and  oc- 
casionally we  meet  with  the  terms  to  h'tjitlitre  and 
to  h'gnte,  used  unnecessarily  in  this  sense,  in  place 
of  to  take  up  or  tie  a  vessel.  When  the  arterv 
alone  is  tied,  the  ligature  is  said  to  be  immediute  ; 
when  any  of  the  surrounding  parts  are  included, 
it  is  said  to  be  mediate.  The  ligature  occasions 
obliteration  or  adhesion  of  the  arterial  parietes, 
by  cutting  through  the  mid<]Ie  and  internal  coats  ; 
the  adhesion  being  favoured  by  the  formation  of 
a  coagulum,  which  acts,  in  some  degree,  as  a 
barrier  against  the  impulse  of  the  blood,  and  sub- 
sequently disappears  bj'  absorption. 

LIGHT,  Sax.  leohr,  Hhc,  (G.)  Licht,  Li<t 
Lumen,  PhoH,  (P.)  Lnmiere.  An  e.xtremely  raro 
fluid;  diffused  over  the  universe  ;  emanating  from 
the  sun  and  fixed  stars;  traversing  more  than 
four  millions  of  leagues  in  a  minute;  passing 
through  transparent  bodies,  which  refract  it  ac- 


LIGHTNING 


510 


LIMATIO 


cording  to  their  density  and  combustibility;  and 
arrested  by  opake  bodies,  by  which  it  is  reflected 
at  an  angle  equal  to  the  angle  of  incidence.  It, 
is  the  cause  of  colour  in  all  bodies,  being  entirely 
reflected  by  white  surfaces  and  absorbeii  by  black. 
It  is  decomposed  in  passing  through  a  transpa- 
rent prism  into  seven  rays — red,  orange,  yellow, 
gieen.  blue,  purple,  and  violet. 

I.ight  acts  upon  the  body  as  a  gentle  and  salu- 
tary stimulus.  It  urges  to  exercise,  whilst  jiri- 
vation  of  it  induces  sleep  and  inactivity,  and  dis- 
ju.ses  to  obesity.  Hence  it  is,  that,  in  rural  eco- 
nomy, animals  which  are  undergoing  the  process 
of  fattening  are  kept  in  obscurity.  When  vege- 
tables are  deprived  of  light,  their  nutrition  is  in- 
terfered with,  and  they  becouw  etiolated.  To  a 
certain  extent  this  applies  to  animals,  and  there 
is  every  reason  to  believe,  that  want  of  light  pre- 
vents the  due  development  of  organized  bodies. 
It  has  been  found  that,  when  tadpoles  were  de- 
]irived  of  light,  they  did  not  undergo  the  perfect 
metamorphosis  into  the  frog,  but  that  monstrosi- 
ties from  arrest  of  development  were  induced. 
LIGHTNING,  Astrape. 

LIGHTS,  Pulmo  — 1.  Rising  of  the,  Cynanche 
trachealis. 

LIGNE,  Line  —  /.  Apre,  Linea  aspera  —  /. 
lUintche,  Linea  alba — I.  Coiirbe,  Curved  line  —  L 
Medidne  de  I'ohdomen,  Linea  alba — I.  Sous-tro- 
cltinitf'n'eiine,  Linea  aspera, 

LIG'NEOUS,  Llyiio'miK,  (F.)  Lignenx.  Woody. 
Having  the  character  or  appearance  of  wood  ;  as 
•  Ligfie'oiis  Scirrhus,'  or  S.  of  the  mamma,  which 
has  for  its  principal  characteristics,  hardness,  the 
i'lextensibility  of  wood,  and  no  defined  limits. — 
Velpeau.  A  form  of  this,  in  plates,  or  diffused 
over  the  mammary  integuments,  is  termed,  by 
JI.  Velpeau,  Sqnirre  e>i  citirn«ne. 

LIGNIN,  from  ligniun,  'wood.'  Ligneous  or 
woody  fibre ;  the  fibrous  structure  of  vegetable 
substances. 

LIGNUM  ALOES,  Agalloehum— 1.  Aspalathi, 
Agalloehum — 1.  Benedictum,  Guaiacum — 1.  Brasi- 
liiinum  rubrum,  Ilaematoxylon  campechianum — 
\.  Cajruleum,  Ilaematoxylon  cami)echianum  —  1. 
Campechense,  Hfematoxylon  campechianum  —  1. 
Campechianum,  Haematoxylon  campechianum  — 
1.  Campescanum,  Ilaematoxylon  campechianum — 
1.  Colubrinum,  see  Stryclinos  —  1.  Febrifugum, 
Q'lassia  —  1.  Hrematoxyli,  Ilaematoxylon  campe- 
chianum— 1.  Indicuin,  Guaiacum,  IIae/,'iatoxylon 
campechianum — 1.  Infelix,  Sambucus — 1  Nephri- 
ti<'um,  Guilandina  Moringa  (the  wood) — 1.  Pava- 
ri;e,  Croton  tiglium — 1.  Quassias,  see  Quassia  —  1. 
Sanctum,  Guaiacum  —  1.  Sandalinum,  see  Ptero- 
carpus  santalinus — 1.  Sappan,  Ilipmatoxylon  cam- 
pechianum— 1.  Serpentuin,  Ophioxylum  serpenti- 
num — 1.  Vitae,  Guaiacum. 
LTGNYODES,  Fuliginous. 
LIGNYS,  Fuligo. 

LIG'ULA,  Lin'gnia,  'a  small  tongue,  a  tongue 
of  land;  the  tongue  of  a  shoe.'  The  clavicle; 
also,  the  glottis  and  epiglottis.  A  measure  con- 
tiiuing  3  drachms  and  a  scruple,  or  about  half 
an  ounce.  Also,  a  species  of  bandage  or  ligature. 
— Scribonius. 

LIGUSTICUM,  L.  Levisticum. 
LiGllSTlciTM    AcTyEiro'LliiM.    Thnn'piiim    nrt(P.l- 
fo'Uuin,  Aiigel'i'cii  ln'riiln,  Ain/f/'icn  Nendo,  White 
roo(,  indigenous  ;   0;-r/.  Umi)elliferae.    The  root  is 
aromatic  and  carminative. 

LiGUSTicuM  CAPii.LACRtiM,  J5thusa  meum — 1. 
Carvi,  Carum — 1.  Foeniculum,  Anethum. 

Ligus'ticiim  Lbvis'tioi'm.  from  KiyvariKoi.  ap- 
pertaining to  Liguria.  Lerin'tieiim,  Lanerpitinm 
German'icHin,  Lignsticnm,  Augel'ica  levin'ticnm 
ECU  paludfipi/o'lia,  Loviige,  (F.)  Liviche,  Ache 
cUs  montagnes.      Ord.   Umbelliferae.      The   pro- 


perties of  this  plant  arc  said  to  be  stiraulant,  car- 
minative, emnienagoguc.  &c. 

LiGUSTicuM  Mkum,  JEthusa  meura — 1.  Phellan- 
drium,  PhcUandrium  aquaticum. 

LlGI'STICI'M  P()l)AGItA'l!IA,/'o(/'f7r«'riVlffi(/r);)o'- 
didiii,  ^J'Jyupo'diiim  scu  Siicii  jxidtigru' rin,  Piin- 
2)inel'la  nngtlicitfo'lia,  i^ium  vnlyti'ic,  Tragoneli'- 
iiiim  ungel'iea,  Ses'eli  asgopo'diuiii,  Aiiyel'iat  lyl- 
ventrin,  Gout- weed.  A  British  plant,  once  con- 
sidered useful  in  cases  of  gout. 

LiGiiSTiui'M  SiLAtTS,  Poucedanura  silaus. 
LIGUSTRUM  ^GYPTIACUM,  Lawsonia  in- 
ermis. 

LiGPs'trum  Vulga'ue,  Privet,  Priry,  Prim, 
(F.)  Tro'ene.  Ord.  Oleaceac.  A  shrub,  which 
grows  wild  both  in  Europe  and  in  the  United 
States,  usually  in  hedges.  The  leaves  are  astrin- 
gent and  bitter;  and  the  flowers,  which  are  snow- 
white,  and  of  an  agreeable  odour,  have  been  cm- 
ployed  in  decoction,  in  sore  throat,  and  ulcerous 
stomatitis.  The  berries  are  said  to  be  cathartic. 
LIGY8MA.  Distortion. 

LILAC,  COMMON,  Syringa  vulgaris— 1.  Vul- 
garis, Syringa  vulgaris. 
LILI,  Lilium  Paraeclsi. 

LILIA'GO.     Dim.  of  Lil'iiim,  the  ///;/ ;  ,V- 
derwort ;  Liliaa'truiit.     Tliis  plant  was  formeily 
said  to  be  alcxipharmic  and  carminative. 
LILIASTUUM,  Liliago. 

LIL'IUM  CAN'DIDUM,  L.  alhnm,  Crwon. 
The  wliiie  lily.  (F.)  Lis  hUiiic.  Ord.  Liliaceas. 
The  infusion  of  the  flowers  of  the  lily  in  olive  oil 
is  emollient,  and  often  applied  externally,  ujirler 
the  name  of  Lily  oil,  (F.)  Ilitile  de  Hi.  The 
scales  of  the  bulb,  roasted,  are  sometimes  em- 
ployed as  maturatives. 

LiLHiM  CoNVAi.LniM,  Convallaria  maialis. 
Lilium  Pauacel'si,  Tiuctu'm  Metcdio'rum, 
Lili.  A  medicine  employed  by  Paracelsus.  It 
was  prepared  by  melting  in  a  crucible  four  ounces 
of  each  of  the  following  alloys:  Aiitimotiy  tnid 
iron,  antimony  and  tin,  antimony  and  eoppcr,  pre- 
viouslj'  mixed  with  eighteen  ounces  of  nitrate  of 
potassa  and  as  much  salt  of  tartar.  The  melted 
mass,  when  pulverized,  was  treated  with  rectified 
alcohol,  which  really  dissolved  only  the  potassa  set, 
at  liberty  by  the  decomposition  experienced  by 
the  nitre  and  salt  of  tartar.  The  Lilium  Pnracetsi 
was  used  as  a  cordial.  It  entered  into  the  com- 
position of  the  theriacal  elixir,  &c. 

LILY,  GROUND,  Trillium  Intifolium— 1.  May, 
Convallaria  maialis — 1.  Pond,  Nclumbium  luteum 
— 1.  Pond,  White,  Nymphaa  odorata  —  1.  Pond, 
yellow,  Nuphar  advena  —  1.  Toad,  Nyii)pha?a 
odorata — 1.  of  the  Valley,  Convallaria  maialis — 1. 
Water,  little,  Brasenia  hydropeltis  —  1.  Water, 
sweet,  Nymphaea  odorata  —  1.  AVater,  sweet- 
scented,  Nympha?a  odorata — 1. Water, white,  Nym- 
phaea alba — 1.  Water,  yellow,  Nymphica  lutea — 1. 
White.  Lilium  candidum.  Nclumbium  luteum. 

LIMA,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  climate  of  Peru 
does  not  appear  to  be  favourable  to  the  genera- 
tion of  consumption  :  and  Lima  would  seem  to 
be  a  good  residence  for  the  phthisical  valetudina- 
rian. Many  have  been  benefited  by  a  residence 
there  ;  but  when  they  have  gone  farther  south,  aa 
to  Chili,  the  effect,  according  to  Dr.  M.  Burrough, 
has  generally  been  fatal.. 

LIMA  DENTARIA,  Sealprum  dentarium. 
LIMAgiEN  (?.),  from  limnqon.  (linnix,  limn, 
cis,    'the    snail,')    'the    corlihn    of  the  ear.'     A 
branch  of  the  acoustic  or  labyrinthio  nerve  sent 
to  the  cochlea. 

LLUAgOX,  Cochlea,  Helix  pomatia,  Limax— 
I.  liampex  dii,  see  Cochlea. 

LIMACUM  CORNUA,  see  Lachrymal  puncta. 
LIMANCHIA,  Abstinence. 
LIMA'TIO,  from  limo,  Umatiim,  'to  file.'    Fi- 
ling :  an  operation  employed  by  the  dentist  moro 


LIMATURA   FERRT 


541 


LINGUAL 


espeoially  to  prevent  iininediate  contact  of  the 
teeth  with  each  other. 

LIMATUKA  FKllRI,  Ferri  Limntura. 
L[.M  VX,  Xtiixii^.  Keiitaxoi,  I/eli.c,  Sliu]  or  Snriil, 
(F.)  Liiii<t(}<in,  U<>llinn(;<ni,  L'xcni-rjot,  A  syrup  has 
been  prepuruil  IVoin  these  animals,  which  has  been 
given  in  plilhisis,  Ac.  Tiie  raw  snails  have  also 
been  taken  in  consumption.  They  have  been 
used  as  food. 

LIMR,  Membrnm. 

LIMI3U.S  ALVEOLARIS,  Alveolar  border— 
1.  FossiB  Ovalis,  see  Ovalis  fossa  —  1.  Luteus  re- 
tinae, sec  Foramen  centrale — 1.  Posterior  corporis 
gtriati,  Ta3nia  semicircularis. 

LIMK.  A  fruit  like  a  small  lemon,  the  juice 
of  which  is  strongly  acid,  and  is  much  used  for 
makiiij;  punch.  It  is,  also,  used  in  long  voyages 
as  an  antiscorbutic,  &c.  It  is  a  species  of  lemon, 
the  fruit  of  Citrii«  ncida. 

LiMK,  Calx — 1.  Carbonate  of,  Creta — 1.  Chloride 
of,  Calcis  chlori<lum — -1.  Chlorite  of,  Calcis  chlo- 
ridum — 1.  Cliloruret  of,  Calcis  chloridum — 1.  Hy- 
drate of,  see  Cal.K  —  1.  Hydrosulphate  of,  Calcis 
sulphnretum  —  1.  Hypochlorite  of,  Calcis  chlori- 
dum— 1.  Muriate  of,  solution  of,  see  Calcis  murias 
— 1.  Oxymuriato  of,  Calcis  chloridum — 1.  Phos- 
phate of,  sec  Cornu  ustum — 1.  Bone  phosphate 
of,  see  Cornu  ustum — 1.  Slaked,  see  Calx — I.  Sul- 
phuret  of,  Calcis  sulphuretum. 

Lime  Trkr,  Tilia — 1.  Water,  Liquor  calcis  —  1. 
Water,  eompoiind,  Liquor  calcis  compositus. 

LTMICUS,  Hungry. 

LI.MrrilOPHES,  see  Trisplanchnic  nerve. 

LLMNE.  Marsh. 

LIMNE'MIC,  Limnce'mic,  Limnhe'mic,  Lim- 
nm'nii'cds,  Li'miih(p,'inicHs,  from  Xinvr;,  'a  marsh,' 
and  'aiiia,  'blood.'  An  epithet  given  to  affections 
induced  by  paludal  emanations;  (E.)  Affections 
llniiili<'iiilifues. 

LIMOCTON'IA,  Abstinence.  Abstinence  to 
death.  Death  from  hunger  ;  from  ^.tfioi,  '  hunger/ 
and  KTovo^,  'death.'     Suicide  by  hunger. 

LTMODES,  Hungry. 

LIMOX,  see  Citrus  medica. 

LIMONADA,  Lemonade. 

LI.UOiVADE,  Lemonade — I.  Gazcuse,  see  Le- 
monade—  /.  jUcvhe,  Lemonade,  dry;  see  Citric 
acid. 

LTMONIUM,  Statice  limonium— 1.  Malum,  see 
Citrus  medica. 

LIMONUJr  BACCA,  see  Citrus  medica. 

LIMO-PIITHI'SIS,  from  Xi^os,  '  hunger,'  and 
iiOiaii,  'wasting.'  Wasting  from  privation  of 
food. 

LIMOS,  Aifiof,  'hunger.'     Hence  : 

LIMO'SIS,  Stomach  cfitense,  Jforhid  appetite. 
A  genus  in  the  class  Ccelincn,  order  Enterica,  of 
Good. 

LiMosis  Cahdiai.gia  MonnENS.  Cardinlgia  —  1. 
Cardialgia  sputa toria.  Pyrosis — 1.  Dj'spepsia,  Dys- 
pepsia— 1.  Expers,  Anorexia — 1.  Expers  protracta. 
Fasting  —  1.  Flatus,  Flatulence  —  1.  Ilelluonum, 
Gluttony — 1.  Pica,  Malacia. 

LIMOTHERAPBrA,  NeMithempei'n,  Neito- 
theriipci'u,  Xcntiatri'ii,  Peiiintherttpi'a,  Cura'tio 
morbl  per  ine'diitm,  from  Umon,  and  ^cpavcia, 
'trentniont.'     Hunger-cure.     Cure  by  fasting. 

LIMUS,  Limos,' 

LIX,  Linum  usitatissimnm — 1.  Grninen  de,  see 
Linura  usitatissimum — l.Purijnllf,  Linum  eathar- 
ticura. 

LIXATRE,  Antirhinum  linaria. 

LIXAMEXTUM,  Linteum. 

LIXAKIA,  Antirhinum  linaria  —  1.  Cymbala- 

ria,  Antirhinum  linaria  —  1.  Elatine,  Antirhinum 

elatirio — 1.  Vuli;aris,  Antirhinum  linaria. 

LIXCTITARIUM,  Eclectos. 

LIXCTUS.  Eclectos— 1.  Albus,  Looch  album— 

I.  Amygdalinus,  Looch  album  —  1.  ad  Aphthas, 


Mel  boracis — 1.  de  Borace,  Mel  boracis — 1.  Com- 
munis, Looch  album. 

LIXDEN  TREE,  Tilia,  Tilia  Americana. 

LINE,  Liti'en,  Gramme,  (F.)  Licjne.  Extent 
in  length,  considered  without  regard  to  breadth 
or  thickness.  As  a  measure,  it  means  the  12th 
part  of  an  inch. 

Mkdian  Line  of  the  Body  is  an  imaginary 
line  supposed  to  set  out  from  the  top  of  the  heail 
and  to  fall  between  the  feet,  so  as  to  divide  the 
body  vertically  into  two  equal  and  symmetrical 
parts. 

LINEA,  Line. 

LiNEA  Alba,  Linen  alhn  Ahdoni'ivis,  (F.) 
Ligne  blanche  ou  mediane  de  Fabdomen  (Ch.), 
Candid'ula  abdnin'inis  lin'ea,  Lin'ea  centrii'Ux. 
A  tendinous,  strong,  and  highly  resisting  cord  ; 
extending  from  the  ensiform  cartilage  of  the  ster- 
num to  the  symphysis  pubis,  with  the  umbilicus 
near  its  middle.  The  linea  alba  is  formed  by  the 
decussation  of  the  aponeurosis  of  the  abdominal 
muscles;  and  its  use  is  to  limit  the  movement  of 
the  chest  backwards ;  to  prevent  it  from  separa- 
ting too  far  from  the  pelvis,  and  to  furnish  a  fixed 
point  for  the  muscles  of  the  abdomen  in  their 
contraction. 

Linea  As'pera,  Rarjged  ridge,  (F.)  Lignedpre, 
Ligne  eona-trochanterienne,  (Ch.)  A  rough  pro- 
jection at  the  posterior  surface  of  the  femur, 
which  gives  attachment  to  muscles. 

Linea  Candidui.a  Abdominis,  L.  alba — 1.  Cen- 
tralis, L.  alba — 1.  Innominata,  Ilio-pectinea 
Linea. 

LINEiE  ARCUATiE,  Curved  lines  — 1.  Semi- 
circulares  externa?.  Curved  lines. 

LiNK^  Srmiluna'rks  are  the  lines,  which 
bound  the  outer  margin  of  the  recti  muscles  of 
the  abdomen.  They  are  formed  by  the  union  of 
the  abdominal  tendons.  The  lines  which  cross 
these  muscles  are  called  Linea  transver'nir. 

LinEjE  Tib'i.e,  An'giili  tib'im.  Sharp  lines  on 
the  tibia. 

Line/e  TransversjE,  see  L.  scmilunares,  and 
Processus  teretes. 

LIN jf: AIRE,  Linear. 

LIN'EAMEXT,  Lineamen'tnm,  from  linea,  'a, 
line,'  lineare,  '  to  mark  by  lines.'  A  delicate  trait 
observed  on  the  countenance,  which  constitutes 
its  special  character,  enables  us  to  preserve  its 
image,  and  is  the  cause  of  resemblance  to  others. 
A  feature. 

Bonnet,  gave  the  name  Lineament  to  the  first 
traces  of  organization  in  the  embryo  of  man  and 
animals. 

LTX'EAR,  Linea'rin,  Linen' riiiK.  from  linea, 
'aline.'  (F).  Lineaire.  Pathologists  ai)ply  the 
epithet  linear  to  fractures  which  are  very  narrow, 
and  in  which  the  fragments  are  scarcely  sepa- 
rated. 

LIXE'OLA  ;  a  diminutive  of  linea,  'a  line.'  A 
small  line. 

LiNB'oi/iK  Mahma'ritsi.  The  white  lines  on  the 
breasts. 

LTNGISM,  Kinesipathy. 

LIXGUA,  Tongue  —  1.  Avis,  see  Frnxinus  ex- 
oclsior — 1.  Bovis,  Anchiisa  officinalis — 1.  Caninn, 
Cynoglossum  —  1.  Cervina,  Asplenium  seolopcn- 
driuni  —  1.  Exigua,  Epiglottis  —  1.  Prognosis  ex, 
Qlossomantia — 1.  Serpentaria,  Ophioglossum  vul- 
gatuni. 

Lingua  Detentor,  Glossocatochua  —  1.  Exon- 
cosis,  Glossoncus — 1.  Scalpium,  Cure-lnngne. 

LIN'GUAL,  Lingua'lis,  from  lingna,  'the 
tongue.'     Relating  or  belonging  to  the  tongue. 

Lingual  Ar'tery,  Arte'ria  lingua'lis,  arises 
from  the  external  carotid;  and,  after  several  tor- 
tuosities, reaches  the  base  of  the  tongue,  becomes 
horizontal,  and,  under  the  name  Ranine,  advances 


LINGUALIS 


1-42 


LINIMENTUM 


to  tlie  tip,  wliere  it  annstomoses  with  its  follow. 
In  its  course,  it  gives  off  the  Dnmali-i  linguae  and 
suhl'nKjunl. 

Lingual  Musclk,  Lingwt'Hn,  Banio-glonmis 
(Cowper),  GloKsiii'iiii-t,  is  a  small,  lone;,  fasciculus 
of  fibres,  hidden  beneath  the  sides  of  the  tongue, 
between  the  hyoglossus  and  styloglossus  mus- 
cles, which  are  on  the  outside,  and  the  gcnioglos- 
5US,  within.  This  muscle  passes  from  the  base  to 
tiie  tip  of  the  tongue;  and,  at  its  sides,  is  con- 
founded with  the  muscles  just  referred  to.  It 
shortens  the  tongue,  depresses  its  point,  and  can 
carry  it  to  the  right  or  left  side. 

Lingual  Nerve  is  a  name  which  has  been 
given  to  the  ninth  pair  or  hypoglossus.  It 
is,  also,  a  term  applied  to  a  branch  given  off 
from  the  Inferior  maxlllarij.  or  third  branch 
of  the  fifth  pair.  Near  its  origin  it  anastomoses 
with,  or  simply  runs  close  to,  the  chorda  tym- 
pani.  It  afterwards  gives  off  a  considerable  num- 
ber of  filaments,  which  are  distributed  to  the 
tongue,  and  some  of  which  are  said  to  have  been 
even  traced  as  far  as  the  papillae;  —  a  distribu- 
tion which  has  occasioned  it  to  be  regarded  as 
the  Gnii'tat<ir;i  nerve,  (P.)  Nerf  rjv.stati/. 

Lingual  Salivaky  Glands,  see  Salivary 
glands. 

Lingual  Vein  follows  nearly  the  same  distri- 
bution as  the  artery.  It  opens  into  the  internal 
jugular. 

LINGUALIS,  Lingual  muscle. 

LINGUETTA  LAMINOSA,  Lingula. 

LINGIILA,  Ligula. 

Lin'gula,  Linrjuet'tn  Inmino'na.  A  thin,  trans- 
versely grooved  lobule  of  gray  substance,  de- 
rived from  the  anterior  border  of  the  cerebellum, 
which,  for  a  short  distance,  lies  over  the  velum 
meilullare  anterius. 

LiNT.iTLA  FiSTUL.f;,  Epiglottis. 

LINI  USITATISSLMI  SEMtNA,  see  Linum 
usitntissimum. 

LTN'IMENT,  Linimeu'tnm.  Litno,  Enrhrin'fon, 
C'lt'iclirin'ton,  Perirh'rlsin,  Perichris'tnn.Aleiph'ft, 
Alcim'mn,  Enehris'ta,  Fricliiiti,  Fricofo'riiDii,  fti- 
viic.'tio,  from  linire,  llnifinn,  'to  anoint  gently,' 
'to  anoint.'  An  unctuous  medicine,  containing 
usually  oil  or  lard,  which  is  used  externally  in 
the  form  of  friction. 

LiNiMKNT  OF  Ammonia,  Compound,  see  Lotion, 
Granville's. 

LINTMEXT  AifMONTACAL,  Linimenturn 
ammoniae  —  /.  de  Cnrhon<ite  d'Ainmoniaqiie,  Li- 
nimenturn ammoniae  earbonatis. 

LiNiMBNT,  Anodyne,  Linimenturn  opii. 

/.  INfMKNT  ANrirTEMOHRHOfDALE 
DE  SIEUli  ANDRY,  (F.)  This  is  formed  of 
Ni-irboHne  hnnei/,  Olife  nil,  and   Turpentine. 

Lr.VnfENT  ANTIPARALYTfQUE.  (F.) 
Composed  ofKiibcnrhonnte  of  ammnnla,  alcoholized 
oil,  bluck  soap,  and  oil  of  rosemdrij. 

Liniment,  Antiscrof'ulous,  op  Hiifeland. 
Composed  of  frenh  nx-i/iill.  White  soxp,  Un- 
(jiientitm  althce'cB,  Volntih  oil  of  petroleum,  Car- 
honnfe  of  ammonia,  and  Cfuiiphor. 

Ll^htENr  GALCATRE,  Linimentum  aquse 
(.■ilt-is  —  1.  Camphor,  Linimenturn  camphoras — ■/. 
Cumphre,  Linimentum  camphorae — 1.  of  Cantha- 
rides,  camphorated,  Linimentum  e  cantharidibus 
cainphoratum — I.  Cantharlde  camphre,  Linimen- 
tum e  cantharidibus  camphoratum — 1.  Croton  oil, 
Linimentum  crotonis  —  /.  d'Eau  de  chaux,  Lini- 
mentum aquae  calcis — 1.  of  Limowater,  Linimen- 
tum aquse  calcis — /.  de  Mercvre,  Linimentum  hy- 
drargyri  —  1.  Mercurial,  Linimentum  hydrargyri 
—  ;.  0/^'>-c"'''"i''e.  Linimentum  aquae  calcis  —  1. 
of  Opium,  Linimentum  opii. 

LINIMENT  RE  SOL  U  TIF  DE  POTT,  com- 


posed  of  oil  of  tnrpenline  and  muriatic  acid.  Used 
in  rheuMiatisni,  swellings,  &c. 

Liniment,  Saint  .John  Long's.  A  liniment 
used  by  a  celebrated  empiric  at  the  conimenco- 
ment  of  the  second  quarter  of  the  ISMh  century. 
It  is  said  to  have  consisted  of  oil  of  tnrpnitinti 
and  acetic  acid,  held  in  suspcnsi<m  by  yulk  of 
egg.     It  was  a  powerful  eotinter-irrilnnt. 

LINLMKNT  DE  SA  VON,  Linimentum  sapo- 
nis  compositum — I.  de  Savon  opiacS,  Linimentum 
saponis  et  opii. 

LINIMENT  SAVONNEUX  IIYDROSUL- 
FURE  DE  JADELOT.  Composed  of  »»//)//;(«■« 
of  potdKK,  ^vj;  while  soap,  Ibij  ;  oil  of  puppy, 
tbiv  ;  0(7  of  thi/me,  gij.     Used  in  itch. 

Liniment,  Simple.  Linimentum  simplex — 1. 
Soap,  Linimentum  sa[)onis  —  1.  Soap  and  oi)iuni, 
Linimentum  saponis  et  opii — 1.  Soap,  couipouiid, 
Linimentum  saponis  compos. — 1.  Turpentine,  Li- 
nimentum terebinthinoc  —  1.  of  Verdigris,  Lini- 
mentum wruginis  —  /.  de  Vert-de-gri.i,  L'uumcD- 
tum  ajruginis — I.  Volatil,  Linimentum  ammoniffi 
fortius. 

LINIMENTUM,  Liniment. 

Linimen'tum  tEhii'ginis,  O.r'ymel  ^ru'ijlnie, 
Un(jnen'tiim  yEyi/ptiacnm,  Mtlli'tnm  de  actta'IS 
cnpri,  Liniment  of  verdigris,  (F.)  Liniment  de 
Vert-de-gris,  Jflel  d'acftate  de  ciiivre.  (yErtigiii. 
cont.  ,^j  ;  acet.  ^vij  ;  niellis  deipnni.  pond.  ,^xiv. 
Liciuefied,  strained,  and  inspissated  by  boiling  — 
Ph.  L.)  It  is  used  as  an  escharotic  and  deter- 
gent;—  diluted,  as  a  gargle  in  venereal  ulcera- 
tions and  in  foul  ulcers. 

Linimentum  Album,  Ceratum  cetacei,  Ungnen- 
tum  cetacei — 1.  ad  Amhustiones,  L.  aqua  caUis. 

Linimentum  Ammo'nitE,  S<(po  aminoniacii'lis, 
Linimen'tum  ammonia'tum  seu  nmmo'nicum  seu 
Anglica'num,  Scpo  ammo' nice  olea'ceus,  Unguen'- 
tum  album  resol' cens,  Oleum  ammonia'tum,  Strong 
liniment  of  ammonia,  (F.)  Liniment  volatil  (Ul 
innmoniaral,  Savon  ammotiiacal.  {f-'i'J.  amnion. 
f,^j;  oUi  ollrcB,  f.^ij.  Mix.  — •  Ph.  U.  S.;  A 
stimulating  and  rubefacient  soap. 

Linimentum  AMMo'NiyE  Cakbona'tis,  Liniment 
of  subearli'onate  of  ammo'nia,  Linimentum  ain- 
mo'nice  sesquicarhona' tis,  L.  v<dat'ile,  Ilartxhoyn 
and  oil,  (F.)  Liniment  de  carbonate  d'ammoni- 
aqne.  (Solnt.  subcarb.  amnion,  f^^^j  !  o'^'  "''"• 
f,^iij.  ■  Shake  till  they  unite.— Ph.  L.)  A  stimu- 
lating liniment,  mostly  used  to  relieve  rheumatic 
pains,  bruises,  &c. 

Linimentum  Ammonij?  Compositum,  see  Gran- 
ville's Lotion  —  1.  Ammoniae  Sesquicarbonatis, 
Linimentum  Animoni;c  Carbonatis — 1.  Ainnioni- 
atuin  seu  Aminonicum,  L.  Ammonife  fortis  —  1. 
Anglieanum,  L.  Ainmoniai  fortis — 1.  ad  Aphthas, 
Mel  boracis. 

Linimentum  Aqu/e  Calcis, /i.  Galcis  (Ph.  U.S.),  ■ 

L.  ad.  ambustio' lies.  Oleum  liiii  cum  calre,  Sapo 
calca'riiis.  Liniment  of  limewaler,  Carron  oil, 
(because  much  used  in  the  Carr(m  iron  works  in 
Scotland),  (F.)  Liniment  d'eau  de  ehau.r,  Savon 
caleaire.  Liniment  cnlcaire  ou  oleo-caleuire. 
[Olei  liui,  nqucB  calcis,  aa  fjij.  Misce.)  A 
cooling  and  emollient  application  to  burns  and 
scalds. 

Linimentum  Arc.ki,  Ungucntum  elemi  com- 
positum—  1.  de  Boritce,  Mel  boracis — 1.  Calcis, 
L.  aquae  calcis. 

Linimentum  CAM'pnOR^f;.  Oleum  Camphora'tum, 
Solu'tio  camphorcB  oleo'sa,  Camphor  liniment,  (F.) 
Liniment  Camphri,  (Camphorce,  ^iv  ;  olei  olirm, 
fjij.  Dissolve.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  used  as  a 
stimulant  and  discutient. 

Linimentum  Cam'phor.f,  Compos'itum,  Word'$ 
essence  for  the  headache,  Compound  camphor  lini- 
ment. {Camphor.  ,^iiss;  ol.  Lavand.  f ,^j  ;  Sp. 
rectifcat.  f5xvij;  Liquor  ammon.  fortior.  f5''j- 
Dissolve  the  camphor  and  oil  in  the  sj^irit;  add 


LINIMENTUM 


54: 


LIP 


the  ammonin,  nnrl  shnke  till  thoy  are  mixed. 
Ph.  L.)     It  is  ."tiiiiiilaiit  and  disciitient. 

LiNIMKSTlIM  f'ANTIIAK'iniS,  Li  III  inent  of  i^pininh 
F/ien.  (r„„tl,„nd.  in  pulv.  ^y.  OL  Terehinlh. 
Oi's.  Dii^c'st  for  three  hours  by  means  of  ii  water- 
biith.  and  .stiiiin. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  as  an  exci- 
tant liniment  in  typhus,  <tc. 

LiVIMKNTOf  E  CVNTIIAHin'iBrS  CAMPriORA'- 
TlI^f,  ('iiniph'nnOed  liniment  of  cnithnr' iilpn,  fP.) 
L.  criiilhnriilK  c'implire.  (Tiiirt.  nnitfinrid.  ,^ss  : 
ol.  (imi/'/'l.  didc  j^iv;  niipoti.  aiiii/i/il.  J^]  ;  ramp/ior. 
^^3.  Dissolve  the  eamphor  in  the' oil,  and  add 
the  mixture  to  the  tincture  and  soap. —  Fh.  P.) 
Iluhefacient,  and  discutiont. 

Ll\IMi:srii,\f  CitOTo'.Nis,  Croinn  oil  Liii'impiif, 
{01.  C-oUm,  f,^j;  01.  Terehiuth.  f^^vij,  M.  Ph.  D.) 
Rubefacient,  causinsj  an  eruption  when  continued. 

LiNiMiCNTitM  JlvDUAu'r.yiu,  L.  Hi/drm'iiiiri 
com/iox'iliim,  Mrrrii'riitl  lliiiiiioit,  (F.)  L.  de  jlfer- 
cin-1.  (UiKj.  Ififd.  fort.,  (idip.  pro^p.  iia,  %\v  \ 
eamphor<r,  ^y,  ap.  rfct.  gtt.  xv;  liquor  ii),niin)i. 
f,^iv.  Rub  the  camphor  with  the  spirit:  add  the 
ointment  and  lard;  and,  lastly,  gradually  add 
the  soluliiui.— Ph.  L.)  It  is  used  as  a  stimulant 
and  discutient  to  venereal  swellinii;s,  &e. 

LiNisiENTUM  Hvi'KiiuT,  see  Hypericum  perfo- 
ratum. 

LiNlMENTUM  Opit,  Liiiimrnt  of  Opium.  An'o- 
di/iie  fjiiimeiit.  (S'ipoii.  '^vy.  0/>ii.  ^\ii<  ;  Ciun- 
plior.  ,^iij;  01.  Rosmnriii.  f  .^vj  ;  Spirit  rrrtificot. 
OiJ.  (Imp.  moas.)  Macerate  the  soap  and  opium 
in  the  spirit  for  three  hours;  filter,  and  add  the 
oil  and  eamphor. — Ph.  L.)  Anodyne  and  slightly 
rubefacient. 

LiNiMRNTUM  PnT\fnvTusr,  Unguentuin  plumbi 
snperaeetatis  —  1.  Saponaceutn  opiatum,  L.  Sapo- 
nis  et  opii. 

LlNIMKMTtTM    SAPOXA'PEnM    IIVDUOSHLPtllTRA'- 

TiiM.  (Common  Soap,  r>(\0  p.  Li(iucfy  in  a  water 
hath  in  an  earthen  vessel;  and  add  white  poppy 
oil,  250  p.  Mix  intimately,  and  arid  (hy  unlphiiret 
of  potuHH,  100  p.  Beat  together,  and  "adil  oil  of 
pnppij  seed,  750  p.— Ph.  P.)  In  cutaneous  affec- 
tions, as  psora,  herpes,  Ac. 

LiNninNTim  S\poNATO-cAMPirouATUM,  L.  Sa- 
pnnis  caniphoratum. 

LlN-UtK.MTIi.\r  Sapo'nis.  Tineln'rn  nnpnniH  cnni- 
phorn'lo(Ph.\].S.),a„mpriorated  Tinrtiireof  Soap, 
Soap  Liniment.  (.S'ayjo'i/*  coneis.  ^^iv:  cawphor. 
,^ij;  01.  Ronmnrin.  f.^ss;  n/eofio'l.  Oij.  Digest 
the  soap  and  alcohol  in  a  water-bath!  until  the 
former  is  dissolved  ;  filter,  and  add  the  camphor 
and  oil.  — Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  in  sprains,  bruises, 
and  as  an  embrocation. 

Ll.VIMRNTrH  SaPO'NIS  CAWPHORA'TtTJf,  L.  & 
compos'itnm,  L.  Soponti'lo-camphora'tiini,  BnV- 
irimnm  opodcl'dor,  Tineta'ra  saponin  cnmphorn'ta 
(Ph.  U.  S.),  Opodel'doeh.  Steer's  opodeldoeh.  Com- 
pound Soap  Liniment,  (F.)  L.  de  Saron.  (Sopon. 
rasur.  ^u-;  Camphor.  *ij  ;  OL  Rosmorini,  f|ss; 
Aqn<p.,  f_^iv;  A'enhol.  OiJ.  Mix  the  alcohofand 
water;  digest  the  soap  in  the  mixture  by  means 
of  a  water-hath,  until  it  is  dissolved:  filter,  and 
add  the  camphor  and  oil.— (Ph.  U.  8.)  Stimulant 
and  anodyne;  in  bruises,  local  pains,  Ae. 

Freemnn's  lidlhinif  Spirits  consist  of //».  snpon 
comp.  coloured  with   Dofi'/i's  elixir. 

Jovkion's  ]i<,thiii<i  Spirits  difi'er  from  Freeman's 
in  the  adilition  of  some  essential  oils. 

LiNiMKNTi'M  Sapo'nis  rt  Oprt,  L.  snponn'eevm 
opiii'tnm.  Sorip  and  opium  lin'iment,  Rutes's  ano- 
di/ne  Indsnm,  Ihil'sanium  nnod'i/nnm,  Tinetnrn  sa- 
ponis  et  opii,  (V.Wy.  de  Soron  nplnef.  (Soponis  ■■ 
ditri.  .^\v^;  opii,  i^y.  cnmphorm.  %\'y,  olei  roris-  | 
marni.  fgss  :  alcohol.  Oij.  —  Ph.  E.)  Anodyne; 
in  chronic  rheumatism  and  local  pains  in  general. 

LiNIMKNTl'.M    SlMPr,l--X,  Simple    Liniment.      (01. 

olt'v.  4  p.;  cercB  a/lxB,  1  p.  fiat  linimentum. — Ph. 
E.)     Emollient;  used  in  chap.s,  Ac. 


Jiryi>fKNTinr  Simplex,  Fn-ruentum  cerw. 

LlNntKNTPM  TKttKItl.v'THl.V^,  L.  Terehl nthina'. 
turn,  Turpentine  liniment.  (Cerat.  resinm,  ftj  ; 
ol.  terebinth.  Oss.  Melt  the  cerate  and  stir  in  the 
oil.)     A  stimulant;  applied  to  burns,  Ac. 

LiNiMBNTirM  Volatile,  L.  ammonia;  carbonatis, 
LINN,  Tilia  Americana. 

LINN/E'A,  /..  lioreo'lis.  Ord.  Caprifoliacese. 
This  plant,  called  after  Linnicus.  has  a  bitter, 
sub-astringent  taste;  and  is  used,  in  sonic  plares, 
in  the  form  of  fomentation,  in  rheumatic  i)ains. 
An  infusion  in  milk  is  used  in  Switzerland  ior  the 
cure  of  sciatica. 

LINOSPERMUM,  see  Linura  usitatissimum. 
LINSEED,  see  Linum  usitatissiiuuui. 
LINT.  Carbasus,  Linteum. 
LINTEAMEN,  Linteum,  Pledget. 
LIN'TEU.M,  'a  linen  cloth,' from  linnm,  'flax, 
linen,'    L.   carptnm   sen   rasnni,  Lintea'men,  0th'- 
one,     Othoii'lon,     Car'husns,     Car'busa,      Oar'pla, 
Motos,       Mole,      Motiim,      LInnmen'tnm,       Tilmii, 
Xi/stos.    Xi/ima,    Achiie,    Jjint,    (V.)     Charple.      A 
soft,  flocculent  substance,  made  by  scraping  old 
linen   cloth,   (F.)    Chnrpie  rdpfe,  or  by   unravel- 
ling old  linen  cut  into  small   [)ieces  —  (F.)    Chor- 
plc  brute  ;  and  employed  in  surgery  as  a  dressini' 
to  wounds,  ulcers,  &c.,  either  simply  or  covered 
with  oint<nent. 

Linteum  Carptum,  see  Linteum — I.  Rasum 
see  Linteum — 1.  Seissum.  Splitcloth  (bandage.) 

LINUM,  see  Linum  usitatissimum — 1.  Arvense, 
L.  usitatissimum. 

Ll.vuM  CATliAu'TirtFM,  L.  min'Ininm,  Chnm<f.li'. 
num.  Pnr>/hii/  fl't.r.  Mill  monntain,  (¥.)  Lin  pnr- 
'jatif.  Ord.  Linacea'.  This  plant  is  possessed 
of  cathartic  properties,  and  has  a  bitterish,  dis- 
agreeable taste.     Dose,  ^},  in  substance. 

LiNi'M  Ounnii.M,  see  Apolinosis  —  1.  Minimum, 
L.  Oatharticum. 

LlNl'H  UsiTATls'siMii5f,  L.  nrven'se,  Common 
fax,  (F.)  Lin.  The  seed,  Linnm,  (Ph.  U.  S.), 
Sem'iu'i  lini  vsitatis'slmi,  Linosper'mnm,  Lin- 
feed,  Flaxseed,  (F.)  Grains  de  lin,  are  inodorous, 
and  almost  tasteless;  yielding  mucilage  to  warm 
water,  and  oil  by  expression.  Ttiey  are  demul- 
cent and  emollient.  Linseed,  when  ground  into 
powder,  forms  a  good  emollient  poultice.  It  is 
only  necessary  to  stir  the  powder  into  hoilino' 
water.  The  oil.  Oleum  lini,  Fla.rserd  oil,  (F.") 
Hnlle  de  Lin.  \<  emollient  and  demulcent. 
LIO.YDF.VT,  Leontodon  taraxacum. 
LION'S  FOOT,  Nabalus  albus,  Prenanthes  — 
1.  Tail,  Leonurus. 

LIOPODIA,  see  Leiopus. 
LIOPUS.  Leiopus. 

LIP,  Sax.  and  Germ.  L  i  ppe,  Cheilns,  La'hinvi, 
Labrum,  (F.)  Lei-re.  [In  Entomology,  labinni 
means  the  lower  lip,  —  hdimm,  the  upper.]  The 
lips  are  composed  of  different  muscular  fasciculi, 
nerves,  and  vessels,  covered  by  the  skin  and  mu- 
cous membrane  of  the  mouth.  They  circumscribe 
the  anterior  aperture  of  that  cavity;  and  are  in- 
servient  to  mastication,  pronunciation,  <tc.     They 

are   distinguished    into    upper  and    loner Ano- 

ehei'lvn  ;   and  Ctitaehei'lon,  (Prov.)  Flpt>le and 

are  placed  in  front  of  each  jaw,  forming  between 
them  the  anterior  aperture  of  the  mouth.  They 
unite  at  each  side,  and  form  what  are  called  tbo 
nnr/les  or  rommiss-nres  of  the  mouth — Chal'ini. 
Their  free  ed<re  is  covereil  with  a  mucou,?  mem- 
brane, of  a  more  or  less  livid  red,  according  to 
the  individual.  They  receive  their  arteries  from 
the  external  carotid.  Their  veins  o|)cn  into  th(5 
two  jugulars.  Their  lymphatic  vessels  descend 
into  the  ganglions  situate  beneath  the  chin. 
Their  nerves  are  derived  from  the  infra-orbitar, 
mental,  and  facial. 

Lips,  La'bin,  (F.)  Lerres  de  la  vnlre,  are  folds 
belonging   to  the  genital  organs  of  the  fetnalo, 


LIPA 


544 


LIQUOR 


nnd  distinguished  into — 1.  Lahiu  piitleii'd!  sou 
Ciomi  pcu  mnjo'rn,  Ejiisi'a,  Alts  piideii'di  miilie'- 
bn'n,  Hytrochei'lidek;  liitpes,  AlcB  vuijo'ren,  Crein'- 
«(>i,  (F.)  Grandca  Levrea.  These  are  two  niein- 
liranous  folds,  thicker  above  than  below,  which 
limit  the  vulva  laterally,  and  extend  from  the  in- 
ferior part  of  the  mons  veneris  to  the  perin.Tum. 
They  unite  anteriorly  and  posteriorly,  forming 
commissures ;  the  posterior  of  which  is  called 
Fotirchette.  Their  outer  surface  is  convex;  formed 
of  skin  and  covered  with  hair.  The  inner  sur- 
face is  white,  and  covered  by  a  mucous  membrane, 
continuous  with  that  lining  the  other  parts  of  the 
vulva.  The  space  between  the  skin  and  mucous 
raembrane  is  filled  with  a  fatty  tissue  and  fibrous 
bands,  some  fibres  of  the  constrictor  vaginae  mus- 
cle, vessels,  and  nerves. 

We  speak,  also,  of  the  lips  of  a  wound,  vlcer, 
&e.,  when  alluding  to  the  edges  of  these  solutions 
of  continuity. 

LIPA,  >iir(j,  fat;  also,  Lippitudo. 
LI'PARA.    from    Ain-apoj,    'fatly.'      Plasters, 
containing  much  oil  or  fat. 
LIPARIA,  see  Polysarca. 
LIPAROCE'LE,X)>oce7e,from  Xurapof,  'fatty,' 
and  Kn^ri,  'tumour.'     Lipo'ma,  or   fatty  tumour 
of  the  scrotum,  Her'uin  pimjuedina'aa  scroti. 
LIPARODES.  Fatty. 
LIP  A  no  WE,  Cerate. 
LIPAROLE,  Pomatum,  Pommade. 
LIPAROTES,  see  Polysarcia. 
LIPAROTRICTI'IA,  from  Acrapoj,  'fatty,'  and 
5p(^,  Tpt)(_oi,  'hair.'    Too  great  oiliness  of  the  hair. 
LIPARUS,  Fatty. 
LIP  AS  MA,  see  Polysarcia. 
LIPEMANIA,  Melancholy,  see  Lypemania. 
LIPIIyEMIA,  Leiphwmia. 
LIPH.EMOS.  Leiphicmos. 
LIPO  or  LEIPO,  AiiTTu,  '  I  leave,'  'I  forsake.' 
Hence,  Leipopnychia,  Leipothymia. 
LIPOCELE,  Liparocele. 
LIPODERMIA,  Aposthia. 
LIPODERMOS,  Leipodermos. 
LIPO'MA,  Lijpo'ma,  from  Xora,  'fat.'     A  fiitty 
tumour  of  an  encysted  or  other  character. 
LIPOMATODES,  Lipomatous. 
LIPOM'ATOUS,   LiporiKxto'sus,  Lipomato'des, 
(F.)  Lipomnteux.     Having  the  nature  of  lipoma 
— as  a  '  lipomntnus  mass.' 

LIPOME'RIA,  Leipnme'ria,  from  Xciru,  'I 
leave,'  and  ntgo^,  a  'part.'  Monstrosity  from  ar- 
rest of  development,  or  from  defect.  Deficiency 
of  one  or  more  of  the  parts  of  the  body;  for  ex- 
ample, in  one  who  has  only  four  fingers. 
LIPOPSYCIIIA,  Syncope. 
LIPOS,  Fat. 

LIPOSIS.  see  Polysarcia. 
LIPOSPHYXIA,  Syncope. 
LIPOTHYMIA,  Syncope. 
LIPPA,  Chnssie. 
LIPPER,  Lepra,  Leprous. 
LIPPIA.  Adali. 

LIPPITU'DO,  Ophtlinl'mia  chron'ica  of  some, 
Lippit)tde,  Blenr-eye,  Blenr-eyedness,  Blear'ed- 
ness,  Lnppn,  Lipn,  Xerophfhiil'mia,  Lema,  Leme, 
Lemos'itns,  Gleme,  Glantn,  Gra'mia.  A  copious 
secretion  of  the  sebaceous  humour  of  the  eyelids, 
■which  renders  them  gummy.  It  is  owing  to  a 
state  of  chronic  inflammation  of  the  tarsal  mar- 
gins; the  eyelids  being  generally  red,  tumefied, 
and  painful. 

Lippitudo  NEONATORnsr,  see  Ophthalmia. 
LIPPUS,  one  affected  with  blear  eye;  llear- 

cyd  ;   (F.)  ChriHsievx. 

LTPSIS  ANIMI,  Svncope. 
LIPSOTRICIIIA,  Alopecia,  Calvitics. 
LIQUAMEN,  Garum. 


LIQTAMU'.MIA,  Adips  hiim<('>uts.  Ilumnn 
fat. —  Ruland  and  Johnson. 

LIQUARIUM,  Syrupus  simplex. 
LIQUATIO,  Liquefaction. 

LIQUEFA'CIENT,  Llqnc/u'cieiis,  from  //<;»/,^ 
us,  'liquid,'  and/i/ffcc,  'to  make.'  A  niedniiud 
agent,  which  seems  to  have  the  power  of  )ii|iic(v, 
ing  solid  depositions.  To  this  class  mercury, 
iodine,  Ac.,  have  been  referred  by  some. 

LIQUEFACTION,  Liqua'llo,  Liqurftu'li.,  ; 
same  etymon.  Transformation  of  a  soliil  siili. 
stance  into  a  liquid.  It  is  used  particnhirly  in 
speaking  of  metals  and  fattv  bodies,  see  Fu.-^ion. 

LIQVEVU  J)E  L'AJ/iVlOS,  Liquor  amnii— 
I.  d'Aluiiiine  Composed,  Liquor  aluniinis  compos. 
— /.  Auodiiie  d' Huffman,  Spiritus  a^theris  sulphu- 
rici  com)iositus — /.  Anndine  iiitreuse,  Spiritus 
aethcris  nitriei  —  I.  Aisenictde,  Liquor  arseiiicalis 
— I.  Fnmante  de  lioy/c,  Ammoniae  suljjhurctuni. 
Liquor  fuinans  Boy  Hi — /.  Volatile  de  Conie  de  eevf. 
Liquor  volatilis  cornu  cervi- — I.  de  Cvirre  aiirmo- 
niucol,  Liquor  cupri  amnioniati  —  I.  de  Ver  ulcn- 
line.  Liquor  ferri  alkalini  —  I.  de  Sous-acetate  de 
plonib.  Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis — I.  de  Putasse, 
Liquor  potassoc — /.  du  Saiir/,  Liquor  sanguinis — 
I.  de  Sous-cdiboiiate  de  potusse,  Liquor  potassa; 
subearbonatis. 

LIQUID,  ADHESIVE,  MAYNARD'S,  Cnll.>- 
dion — 1.  Disinfecting,  Burnett's.'see  Burnett's  dis- 
infecting liquid  —  1.  Disinfecting,  Laharraqup's, 
Liquor  sodie  chloriiiatiu  —  1.  Disinfecting,  Le- 
doyen's,  see  Ledovcn's  disinfecting  liquid. 

LIQUIDAMBAR  ASPLENIFOLIA,  Compto- 
nia  asplenifolia — 1.  Officinalis,  see  Styrax — 1.  Pe- 
regrina,,  Comptonia  asplenifolia. 

Liquidam'bar  Stykacip'li'A,  Llcpddam'hni, 
Sineet  cptm,  White  gum.  Oid.  Balsaminea).  The 
name  of  the  tree  which  affords  the  Liquid  nndur 
and  Storax  liquida,  Styrax  liqiiida  or  Liipiid 
storax.  Liquid  amber  is  a  resinous  juice  of  a 
yellow  colour,  inclining  to  red  ;  at  first  of  about 
the  consistence  of  turpentine;  by  age,  harden- 
ing into  a  solid,  brittle  mass.  It  is  not  used 
medicinally. 

Styrax  Liquida  is  obtained  from  this  plant  by 
boiling.  There  are  two  sorts,  —  one  more  pure 
than  the  other.  It  is  used  occasionally,  as  a 
stomachic,  in  the  form  of  plaster. 

LIQUIDE  AMNIOTIQUE,  Liquor  Amnii—/. 
Cephaio-rarhidieinie.  Cephalo-spiiial  fluid. 

LIQUIDUM  NERVEUM,  Nervous  fluid. 

LIQUIRITIA,  Glycyrrhiza. 

LIQUOR,  {liqneo,  'I  am  liquid,')  iiV/ici'w", 
Hyrjron,  Ily'rjrotes,  (F.)  Liqueur.  A  name  given 
to  many  compovind  litiuids,  and  especially  to 
those  the  bases  of  which  are  water  and  alcohol. 

Liquor  Acirus  Hat.leri,  Elixir  aci<hun  Hal- 
leri  —  1.  iEthereus,  Ether  —  1.  .i^ilthereus  sulphu- 
ricus,  Sjiiritus  a;theris  sulphurici. 

LlQlJOli  Alu'minis  Compos'itus,  Aqua  nlu'mi. 
nis  conipos'ita  seu  alumino'sa  Batea'na,  fiatPf's 
alum  water.  Compound  solu'tion  of  Alum,  (F.) 
Liqueur  d'alumine  composee.  (Ahiminin,  zimi 
sulj)haf.  sing.  ^^ss.  aqiirn  fervent.  Oij.  Dissolve 
and  filter  through  paper.)  Detergent  and  stimu- 
lant. Used  as  a  coUyriura,  when  properl)'  di- 
luted, in  ophthalmia;  as  an  injection  in  gleet, 
leucorrhrea,  Ac. 

LiQiiou  i;x  Ammonia  et  Oleo  Succini,  Spiritus 
ammoniiE  succinatns 

LiQfoii  Ammo'ni/F,,  L.  nmmonim  pnrm,  Al\'nli 
ammoni'acum  flii'idum,  Ammo'nin  liq'iiida.  seu 
caiis'tica  liquida  seu  purn  liquida,  Lixiv'him 
nmmoniaca'le.  Spiritus  salis  amvioniaci  aqtm  siis. 
Aqua  ommoni(p.  seu  ammonia',  caus'tii'tp..  Liquid 
ammonia.  Solution  of  ammonia,  (P.)  Ammonlnqne 
liquide.  Directed  to  be  made  in  the  Pharni.  V. 
S.  from  muriate  of  Ammonia, \\\  fine  powder;  and 
Lime,  each  a  pound;  distilled  watnr  Si'j^'mi'.  water. 


LIQUOR 


545 


LIQUOR 


nine  fluid  ounces.  The  water  is  employed  to  slake 
the  lime  ;  this  is  mixed  with  the  muriate  of  am- 
monia and  put  into  a  glass  retort  in  a  sand-bath. 
Heat  is  applied  so  as  to  drive  oft'  the  ammonia, 
which  is  made  to  pass  into  a  quart  bottle  contain- 
ing the  distilled  water.  To  every  ounce  of  the 
product  three  and  a  half  fluidrachms  of  distilled 
water  are  added,  or  as  much  as  may  be  necessary 
to  raise  its  s.  g.  to  0-96.  This  Liquor  AmmoniiB 
may  also  be  made  by  mi.xing  one  part  of  liciuor 
ammonias  fortior  with  two  parts  of  distilled  water. 
(Ph.  U.  S.  1842.)  Its  s.  g.  is  0-900.  Liquor 
Ammoni/E  FORTIOH,  Stronijer  sohaion  of  atiimo- 
iiin  (I'll.  U.  S.)  is  an  aqueous  solution  of  anjinonia 
of  the  s.  g.  0-882.  Liquor  ammoniae  is  stimulant, 
antacid,  and  rubefacient.  Dose,  gtt.  x  to  xx,  in 
water  or  milk. 

Liquor  AmmonIjE  Aceta'tis,  Al'cali  ammoni'- 
aciim  acctu'tiim,  A.  volat'ile  aceta'tiini,  Aqua 
aceta'tis  ammo' nice  seu  ammo' nice  aceta'tcB,  Solu- 
tion of  acetate  of  ammonia,  Ace'taa  ammonia, 
Spirit  of  Mindere'rwt,  Sal  ammoni'aciun  vegetal' - 
He,  Spir'itiia  ophtlial'micim  Miiidere'ri,  Sal  aceto'- 
tiin  ammoninca'lifi.  (Acid,  acetic,  di/iit.  Oij,  Am- 
nwii.  caibojiat.  in  pulv.  Add  the  salt  to  the  acid 
until  it  is  saturated.  Ph.U.  S.  185L)  A  sudorific; 
externally,  cooling.     Dose,  fj^ij  to  f  5iss. 

Liquor  Ammonia  Sesquicarbonatis,  Liquor 
Ammoniic  Subcarbonatis. 

Liquor  Ammoni*  Citra'tis,  Solution  of  Citrate 
of  Ammonia.  This  preparation  is  officinal  in  the 
Dublin  Pharmacopoeia.  It  is  made  by  saturating 
a  solution  of  ciV/-i"c  acid  with  Hcnqnicarboriate  of 
ammonia.  It  is  given  in  cases  of  adynamic  fever. 
Liquor  Ammonia  SuBcAiuiONA'Tis.  Liquor 
Ammonia;  Sesquicarbona'tin,  Solu'tio  auhcarhona- 
tin  ammo)iiee,  Aqua  cnrhonatia  ammonim,  Solution 
of  eubcarbonate  of  ammonia.  Water  of  car'bonate 
of  ammonia.  { Amnion icR  carbon.  ^\v,  aqua;  des- 
tillat.  Oj.  Dissolve  and  filter  through  paper.) 
Use;  —  the  same  as  that  of  the  carbonate  of  am- 
monia). 

Liquor  Ammonii  IlYnROTHionis,  Ammoniae 
sulphuretum — 1.  Ammonii  vinosus,  Spiritus  am- 
moniae. 

Liquor  Am'nii.  Aqua  amnii.  The  liquor  of  the 
amnios.  (F.)  I^au  ou  Liqueur  de  Vamniof,  Liqnide 
amniotique.  The  fluid  exhaled  by  the  amnios, 
and  whii-h  envelops  the  foetus  during  the  whole 
period  of  utero-gestation.  It  is  often  simply 
called  the  waters,  (F.)  Lcs  Eaux.  Its  relative 
quantity  diminishes  as  pregnancy  advances,  al- 
though its  absolute  quantity  continues  to  increase 
till  the  period  of  delivery.  In  some  women,  only 
five  or  six  ounces  are  met  with  :  in  others,  it 
amounts  to  pints.  It  is  limpid,  yellowish,  or 
whitish  ;  exhales  a  faint  smell,  and  has  a  slightly 
saline  taste.  It  contains  water  in  considerable 
quantity;  albumen;  chloride  of  sodium;  phos- 
phate of  lime;  an  alkaline  substance;  and  a  par- 
ticular acid.  It  facilitates  the  dilatation  of  the 
uterus,  and  aids  delivery  by  acting  as  a  soft 
wedge  enclosed  in  its  membranes.  Ba;]  of  waters. 
Poehe  des  Eaux,  <fec.  It  is  probably  inserviont  to 
useful  purposes  in  the  nutrition  of  the  foetus. 

Liquor  Amnii,  Fai.sk.  The  fluid  contained 
between  the  amnion  and  chorion  in  the  early 
periods  of  foetal  existence. 

_  Liquor,  Anodynk,  HoppAfANN's,  Spiritus  a?the- 
ris  sulphurici  compositus — 1.  Anodynus  martialis. 
Alcohol  sulphurico-a'thereus  ferri. 

LiQiToR  ANon'vxus  Tkrrbixtiiixa'tus.  a  for- 
mula prescribed  by  Rademacher  in  cases  of  gall- 
Btone,  and  of  obstructions  and  indurations  of  the 
liver  and  spleen.  It  was  composed  of  Hoffmann's 
anodyne  liquor  ^^j  ;  rectified  oil  of  turpentine  ^ij. 
Dose.  5  to  10  drops.  It" resembles  the  Remede  de 
Diirnnde,  Mixture  lithontriptique  de  Durand,  M. 
dc  miitt,  EtliiroU  d'easence  de  tfrihenthine,  which 
35 


is  formed  of  Sulphuric  ether,  30  parts  ;  Essence 
of  turpentine,  15  parts.  It  is  used  in  the  same 
cases. 

Liquor  Ar.«enica'lis,  L.  Potas'sas  arseni'tix 
(Ph.  U.  S.),  Solu'tio  arsenicalia  seu  araeiiicn'ta  seu 
arecni'tis  kal'irce,  Amen'ical  solution,  3/in'eral 
solvent,  Ar'senis  potas'scB  liq'nidus  seu  potasKie 
aquo'sus.  Fowler's  solution  of  arsenic,  Solvens 
minera'le,  Ital'ian  poison.  Aequo,  seu  Aqua  Toffa' . 
nia,  Acqiia  della  Toffana,  A.  di  Napoli,  Acqitet' - 
'«  [•*']»  Tantcless  ai/ue  drop,  (F.)  Liqueur  arseni- 
cale.  (Acid.  Areenios.  in  frustuWs,  potasnea  car- 
bonatis  ])ur.,  sing.  gr.  Ixiv.,  aqiim  destillaf.  q.  s. 
Boil  together  the  arsenious  acid  and  carbonate 
of  potassa  with  twelve  fluidounces  of  dislilleil 
water,  in  a  glass  vessel,  until  the  arsenic  is  dis- 
solved. When  the  solution  is  cold,  add  Spirit, 
lavaud.  c.  i'^'w,  and  as  much  distilled  water  as 
will  make  the  whole  one  pint.  Ph.  U.  S.)  fgj 
contains  gr.  ss  of  the  arsenious  acid.  Dose,  gtt.  x. 
For  Pearson's  Solution,  see  Arseniate  of  Soda. 
Liquor  ArseniciChlo'rii)i..S'<//i(<io)<o/(7/(/oj-?V/<: 
of  Arsenic,  of  the  London  Pharmacopoeia  of  185 1, 
is  made  by  boiling  Arsenious  aciil  p^fs,  in  hydro- 
chloric acid  f^iss  (Imp.  meas.),  mixed  with  a 
fluidounce  of  distilled  water,  until  it  is  dissolved  : 
then  adding  water  to  make  the  qnantity  a  pint 
(Imp.  meas.)  Each  fluidounce  contains  a  grain 
and  a  half  of  arsenious  acid,  or  an  equivalent 
quantity  of  terchloride.  Properties  the  same  as 
those  of  Liquor  Arsenicalis.  It  is  a  substitute  for, 
and  imitation  of  L>e  Valangin's  Arsenical  Solu- 
tion, Solu'tio  solven'tis  minera'lis,  much  used  by 
many  British  practitioners.     Dose,  gtt.  v-x. 

Liquor  Arsknici  et  IIydrahgyiu  Iodidi,  see 
Arsenic  and  Mercury,  iodide  of— 1.  Barii  ehloridi, 
Baryta,  muriate  of,  solution  of — 1.  Bellosti,  L. 
Hydrargyri  nitrici  — 1.  Calcii  ehloridi,  see  Calcis 
murias. 

Liquor  Calcis,  Solu'tio  calcis.  Aqua  calcis 
seu  benedic'ta  seu  Calca'rice  ustce,  Calca'ria  purn, 
liq'uida.  Solution  of  Liyne,  IJme  Water,  (F.) 
Eau  de  chaux.  ( Calcis  ,^iv.,  fir^.  destill.  cong.  Pour 
the  water  on  the  lime,  and  stir.  Let  it  stand  in 
a  covered  vessel  three  hours;  bottle  the  lime  and 
water  in  stopped  bottles,  and  use  the  clear  solu- 
tion.) It  is  astringent,  tonic,  and  antacid;  and 
is  used  in  diarrha-a,  diabetes,  heartburn,  &c.,  and 
as  a  lotion  to  foul  and  cancerous  ulcers,  &e. 
Dose,  f,^ij  to  Oss,  in  milk. 

Liquor  Cai.cis  Chlorina't^,  Solution  ofChlo'. 
rinalcd  Lime  (Ph.  D.),  is  made  by  triturating 
half  a  pound  of  chlorinated  lime  with  half  a  gal- 
lon of  water;  shaking  the  mixture;  filtering,  and 
keeping  in  a  well-stopped  bottle.  Used  in  the 
same  cases  as  chlorinated  lime.  Dose,  f.^ss  to  f ^j. 
Liquor  Cai.cis  Compos'itus.  Aqun  Caleis  com. 
pos'ita  seu  benedic'ta  compos'ita,  Compound  lime 
water.  (F.)  Eau  de  chaux  compose.  [Liyn. 
f/uniac.  ras.  ftss,  rod.  glycyrrh.  ^j,  corf,  sassafras, 
^^ss;  semin.  coriand.  ^^i_j,  liquor  calcis,  Ovj.  Ma- 
cerate for  two  days,  and  filter.)  It  is  stimulant, 
diafihoretic,  and  astringent,  and  is  used  in  cuta- 
neous affections. 

Liquor  Cai.cis  Muriatis,  see  Calcis  mnria? — 
1.  Cereris,  Cerevisia  —  1.  Chloreti  natri,  L.  sod;o 
chlorinat.T — I.  Chlorini,  see  Chlorine — I.  Cliloru- 
reti  natri,  L.  Sodao  ehlorinata; — 1.  Chlorureti  soda', 
L.  sodic  (hlorinatac. 

Liquor  Ciiym,  see  Chyle. 

Liquor  Cupri  Am.monia'ti,  Liquor  Cupri  am- 
monio-sulpha'tis.  Aqua  seu  solu'tio  cupri  ammo, 
nia'ti  seu  sapphari'na,  Jlltie  eyewater.  Solution 
of  ammoniated  copper  ;  (F. )  Liqueur  on  Eau  de 
cuirre  aynmoniacal.  (Cupri  ammoniat.  ^].  aqua! 
destill.  Oy  Dissolve  and  filter  the  solution  through 
paper.  Ph.  Z.)  Corrosive  and  detergent.  Used 
externally  to  foul  ulcers;  and  diluted  with  an 
equal  part  of  distilled  water,  it  is  applied  by  means 


LIQUOR 


546 


LIQUOR 


■  »«  a  hair  pencil  to  specks  and  films  on  the 
eye. 

Liquor  Citprt  Ammonio-Sulphatis,  Liquor 
Cupri  ainiiionisiti. 

liiQuoii  Cupnr  Solpha'tis  Compos'itus,  Aqnn 
ciipii  vitn'ula'ti  <ftvip<iisita.  (Ciipri  siilphot.,  aln- 
viiii.  giiljihnt.  aa  ,^iij,  nqiirp  pi(ra>  0\}.,  (ifi'd  siilpli. 
^].  Boil  the  salts  in  the  water  until  they  are 
dissolved  ;  then  filter  the  liquor,  and  add  the  acid.) 
Used  as  an  astrini^ent  in  epistaxis,  <fcc.  It  was 
also  called  A</iia  Sti/p'tici. 

Liquor  Cvrhniaci's,  Benjamin — 1.  Entericus, 
Succus  entericus — 1.  E.xcitans,  Spiritus  amraoniae 
sucoinatus. 

LiQiTori  Fkrrt  Alkai.i'nt,  Sohitioii  of  A/l-nl!ne 
Iron,  (F.)  L)'(/iieiir  fie  fer  alcaliiip.  (Ferri  ^Uf?, 
ncld.  nitiir:  _^ij,  aqiice  ileHtHhif.  f,^vj.  l!q.  potiinn. 
giihcnrb.  f.^vj.  To  the  acid  and  water  nii.\ed, 
add  the  iron  ;  and,  after  the  effervescence,  add 
the  clear  sidution,  gr.adually.  to  the  liq.  potrntxte 
snhcnrb. ;  shakinj?  it  occasionally  till  it  assumes 
a  deep  brown-red  colour,  and  the  effervescence 
stops.  After  six  hours'  scttlincc.  p<iur  off  the  clear 
solution.  Ph.  L.)  It  is  tonic  like  other  prepa- 
rations of  iron.     Dose,  f  ,^ss  to  f  ^^iss. 

Liquor  Ferri  Io'dibi,  Solution  of  Iodide  of 
Iron,  Syr'upm  Ferri  in'didi,  Syrnp  of  Iodide  of 
Iron,  (fodin.  5ij.  Ferri  rriment.  ^j,  Saechnr. 
pnlv.  ^xij,  AqiicB  deitiUnt.  q.  s.  Mix  the  iodine 
with  f,^x  of  the  distilled  water,  in  a  porcelain  or 
glass  vessel,  and  gradually  add  the  iron  filings, 
constantly  stirring.  Heat  the  mixture  gently 
until  the  liquor  acquires  a  light  greenish  colour; 
then,  having  added  the  sugar,  continue  the  heat 
a  short  time,  and  filter.  Lastly,  pour  distilled 
water  upon  the  filter,  and  allow  it  to  pass  until 
the  whole  of  the  filtered  liquor  measures  twenty 
fluidounces.  Keep  the  solution  in  closely  stepped 
bottles.— Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  20  or  .SO  drops. 

Liquor  Ferui  Muriatis,  Tinctura  ferri  mu- 
riatis. 

LiQUOn  FrRRI  Nitra'tiS,  L.  Ferri  Se^qnini- 
tra'tii  sen  tertiitrti'tis,  Sojn'flo  Ferri  iiitrfi'tin. 
Solntion  of  nitrnfe,  of  ternitrate  of  nenqnioi-ide, 
or  (>{  senqiiiiiitrnfe  of  iron,  has  been  recommended 
in  chronic  diarrhoea  and  dysentery.  Its  virtues 
exactly  resemble  those  of  chloride  of  iron.  It  is 
prepared  as  follows  : — Ferri  Jili,  incis.  ^^j.  Acid, 
nitric,  f.^ii.i.  Aq.  destiUnt.  q.  s.  Mix  the  acid  and 
a  pint  of  distilled  water,  until  gas  ceases  to  be 
g'ven  off;  filter,  and  add  distilled  water  to  make 
fgxxx.— -Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  10  to  20  drops. 

Liquor  Folliculi,  see  Folliouli  Graafian!. 

Liquor  Fumans  Bovr/ii,  Snlphnre'tnm  Ammo'- 

nicB  Ui/droqenii'tnm,  Hi/dromilphnre'tu/il  Ammo- 
nia!, Tinetit'ra  Snl'phnris  Vohit'ilis,  Aqnn  Sn!- 
phnre'ti  Ammonia.  Doifle's  Fnniintj  iiqnor,  (F.) 
Liqueur  fnmdnle  de  Boyle.  It  is  possessed  of 
Tiauseating  and  emetic  properties,  and  has  been 
given  in  diabetes  and  diseases  of  excitement  as  a 
deori/r/enizer  ! 

Liquor,  Fuming,  Boyi.k's,  Liquor  fumans  Boy- 
lii — 1.  Fuming,  of  Lihavius.  Tin,  muriate  of — 1. 
(yenital.  Sperm — 1.  of  Hartshorn,  volatile.  Tjiquor 
volatilis  cornu  cervi  —  1.  Hydrargyri  Bicliloridi, 
Liquor  hydrargyri  oxymuriatis — 1.  Hydrargyri 
chloridi  corrosivi,  L.  hydrargyri  oxymuriatis  — 
1.  Hydrargyri  et  arsenici  iodidi,  see  Arsenic  and 
Mercury,  iodide  of. 

Liquor  Hydra r'gyri  Nitrici,  L.  Tiellonti,  (F.) 
Umi  tiierctirielle  ou  contre  la  qnnqr^ne,  liemede 
dn  Due  d'Antin,  R.  dii  C'ipnein,  { fff/drnrf/.  120 
p.,  aeid  nitr.  {?>'^°.)  150  p.  Dissolve,  and  add  to 
the  solution  rf/«^i7/''fi?  lO'i/er,  900  p.  Ph.  P.)  Dose, 
two  or  three  drops  in  a  glass  of  water.  Not  much 
used. 

LiQiTOR  HYnRAR'GYRi  Oxymuria'tis,  L.  Hi/- 
dror'fji/ri  Chlo'ridi  corroni' oi  seu  Hi/drar'fji/ri 
bichlu'ridi,  Solit'tion  of  Oxymu' riate  of  Mercury, 


Liquor  Sicietenis  seu  Syphilit'icun  Turnevi,  Mii'- 
riiia  hi/driiri/yri  npiritno'sns  liq'uiduH,  Sohilio 
Mnrid'tin  lit/ilr(ir'</i/ri  oxyjenati.  Liquor  or  Solii. 
tion  of  Corro'xive  Suli'limate  or  of  V<iu  Su'ieteu. 
{Hyd.  o.rym.,  ttmmon.  niuriiit.  aa  gr.  x,  iiipice  de- 
ntin. Oj,  (Imp.  meas.)  Dissolve  in  the  water  and 
add  the  spirit.     Ph.  P.)     Dose,  f^^^ss.  or  {7,y 

Norton's  Dropn,  Greiu'n  Drops,  and  Solomon'i 
Anti-lmpctitf"ene!< — all  nostrums — seem  to  be  dis- 
guised solutions  of  Corroaire  Snhllinotc. 

Liquor  Hydrargyui  Pkrnitratis.  see  Hy- 
drargyri nitras — 1.  Hydrargyri  Supernitrnlis,  see 
Hydrargyri  nitras  —  1.  Hydriodatis  Arsenici  et 
Hydrargyri,  Arsenic  and  mercury,  iodide  of — 1. 
Intestinalis,  Succus  entericus. 

Liquor  Io'di.ni  Compos'itus,  (Ph.  U.  S.  1842.) 
L.  fodin'ii  compoa'itua,  (Ph.  U.  S.  IS.'il,)  Sohi'li,, 
Potfis'sii  lo'didi  lodnre'ta,  Compound  Solution 
of  Iodine,  Lu(/(d's  Solution.  (lodin.  JJvj,  Polrms. 
iodid.  ^iss.  Aqua;  dentillitt.  Oj.  Dissolve  the 
iodine  and  iodide  of  potassium  in  the  water. — Ph. 
U.  S.)     Dose,  gtt.  vj,  ad  xij,  in  sugared  water. 

LlQITOR    LiTHAROYRI    SuBACKTATIS,    L.    plllinbi 

subacetatis — 1.  Lithargyri  subacctalis  compositus, 
Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis  dilutus. 

Liquor  Ly.mph/f:,  see  Lymph. 

Liquor  ok  Monro,  Solution  of  Monro.  A  so- 
lution, used  by  Monro  for  the  preservation  of 
anatomical  preparations.  It  was  composed  of 
alcohol  at  22°  or  24°,  with  a  drachm  of  nitrio 
acid  to  each  pint. 

Liquor  Morgaon'it.  The  small  quantity  of 
fluid  contained  within  the  capsule  of  the  crystal- 
line lens. 

IjIQUOR  MorPH'I^  AcETA'tIS,  Solution  of  Aee- 
tate  if  Morphia,  An'odyne  Drops.  (Acetiile  of 
morphia,  ^\v,  distilled  water,  Oj.  (Imp.  meas.), 
Spirit,  lenuior.  Oss,  (Imp.  meas.)  Ph.  L.),  acetic 
acid,  TT\^xv.  Dose,  from  six  to  twenty-four  drops. 
Liquor  Mor'piii^  'S'ivn^A'Tia,  Solution  of  Mu'- 
riate  of  Morph' in.  (Jforphia;  viuriitt.  ^\v,  aq. 
destill((t.  Oj.  (Imp.  meas.)  Sp.  fenuior,Oi"'.  (IiPp. 
meas.)    Ph.  L.)     Dose,  from  6  to  20  mimims. 

Liquor  Mor'phi^  Sui,piia'tis,  Solution  if  Sul- 
phate of  3T<irphia.  (Morphia  sniphnt.  gr.  viij, 
aqu(B  destillat.  Oss.  Dissolve  the  sulphate  of 
morphia  in  the  water. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  fjj  to 
f^^ij — containing  from  an  eighth  to  a  quarter  of  a 
grain. 

Liquou  Muci,  see  Mucus — 1.  Natri  Oxymuria- 
tici,  L.  SodfB  chlorinata3  —  1.  Nervinus  Eangii, 
Tinctura  a?therea  camphorata — 1.  Oleosus  Sylvii, 
Spiritus  amraoitiae  aromaticus — 1.  Opii  sedativus, 
(Haden's,)  see  Tinctura  opii. 

Liquor  Opii  Sedati'vus.  An  empirical  pre- 
paration by  a  London  druggist  of  the  name  of 
Battley.  It  is  said  to  be  an  aqueous  solution 
of  opium,  evaporated  to  dryness  to  get  rid  of 
the  acid  resin,  re-dissidved  in  water,  and  a  small 
portion  of  alcohol  added  to  give  it  permanence. 
— Redwood.  It  is  devoid  of  many  of  the  uurcolie 
effects  of  opium. 

Liquor  Ovi  Alrus.  Albumen  ovi — 1.  Pancrea- 
ticus,  see  Pancreas  —  1.  Pericardii,  see  Pericar- 
dium—  1.  Plumbi  aeetatis,  L.  P.  subacetatis  — 1. 
Plumbi  diacetatis.  Liquor  Plumbi  subacetatis. 

Liquor  Plumbi  Si'B\f'KTA'Tis,  L.  Suhnntutin 
Lithnr'fiyri  seu  Plumhi  Arela'tis  seu  PInmhi 
Dinceta'tis,  Goulard's  E.rtrae'tum  Sntui-'ni,  Li- 
thar';/yri  Aee'tum,  Arc'tum  plum'bieum  sen  aalnr- 
ni'num.  Solution  of  Suhoeetale  of  Lend,  (F.) 
Liqueur  de  sous-acetate  de  Plonib.  [Plumb,  neel. 
5xvj,  Plumb,  arid,  semirltr.  in  pulv.  subtil. 
I^ixss,  aq.  destiUnt.  Oiv.  Boil  together  in  a  glass 
or  porcelain  vessel,  for  half  an  hcnir.  occasionally 
adding  distilled  water,  so  as  to  preserve  the  mea- 
sure. Filter  through  paper,  and  keep  the  solu- 
tion in  closely-stopped  bottles.— Ph.  U.  S.)     It  is 


LIQUOR 


547 


LISTS 


tiseJ  externally  as  a  cooling  astringent,  and  dis- 
culieiit,  when  diluted  with  distilled  water. 

LiQiion  Plumbi  Sijbackta'tis  Dilu'tus,  L. 
Siibiiccln'tii  Lith(ir'i/i/ri  Compos' itni,  L.  Pliimhi 
acelii'tlii  dllii'lim,  L.  I'lumbi  Vidceta'tin  (Ulu'tiia, 
Are'tdn  Pliinibi  dilii'ticm  alcohol'icum,  Dilated  So- 
In'tioii  of  Siibac" elate  of  Lend,  Aqua  Satiirni  seu 
ieii"eto-miiiera'liii  seu  Plitiiibi  seu  Goidar'di 
tea  Lilli.(ir'gi/ri  Aeeta'ti  coiiipos'iln,  Tinctn'ra 
jihiiidio'Hii,  Lead  water,  Gonlnrd  water,  (F.)  Eon 
Uniielie,  Rail  de  Goulard,  Ean  vegeto-minerale, 
'White  Wanh,  Royal  Preventive.  [Liq.  phiiiibi 
mbaeet.  f.^ij,  oqiieB  dcHlillat.  Oj.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Properties  the  same  as  the  last,  but  feebler. 

LiQUon  PoTAs's/E,  Aqua  Potas'sce  seu  Kali 
Caiiil'iei  seu  Kali  pari,  Solution  of  Potash  or  of 
Piitamn,  Lixiv'iuin  magixtra'le  seu  Sapona'rium, 
Siiiip  LecH,  Soap  Ley,  Lijciv'iiim  can'stioitii,  Po- 
tiiH'mi  liq'iiida,  (F.)  Eaii,  S'diitiou  ou  liqueur  de 
PiUaase,  Potaisc  liquide,  Lenvive  den  Sai^oiiniere. 
(PotaKH(B  curb.  Ibj,  cnlcis.  tbss,  aqiitp  dentill.  fer- 
vent, congium.  Dissolve  the  alkali  in  Oij  of  the 
water,  and  add  the  remainder  of  the  lime.  Mix 
tlie  wlidle:  set  aside  in  a  close  vessel,  and,  when 
cold,  filter  through  calico.)  It  is  antilithic  in 
eases  of  uric  acid  calculi,  and  antacid.  Extern- 
ally, stimulant  and  escharotic.  Dose,  gtt.  x 
to  xs. 

Liquor  Potass^  Ausemtis,  L.  flrsenicalis  — 
1.  Potassaj  Carbonatis,  L.  P.  SuI)carbonatis. 

LiQiiOK  PoTASS/K  Citiia'tis,  Solution  of  Citrate 
of  Pottissa,  Neutral  Mixttire,  Saline  Mixture. 
(Sticc.  Limon,  Oss,  Polann.  liicarbouat.  q.  s.)  sa- 
turate by  the  carbonate  of  potassa,  and  filter;  or, 
Aeid.  Citric.  ,^ss  ;  01.  Limon.  VC\^.  ij  ;  Aqucp,  Oss, 
Pi>taH».  liicarbouat.  q.  s. ;  dissolve,  saturate  by 
the  carbonate  of  potassa,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Used  in  fever,  but  probablj'  of  little  or  no  efficacy. 
Liquor  Potass^e  Subcarbona'tis,  L.  Pofaxsa; 
Carbonatis  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Aqua  Kali  sou  Kali  prce- 
pnroti  seu  Subcarbouatin  Kali,  O'leuni  Tar'tari 
■jier  deliq'uium,  Lixiv'ium  Tartar!,  Oil  nf  Tartar, 
Sfiline  oil  of  Tartar,  Solu'tion  of  Subcar'bonate 
of  Potanna,  (F.)  Liqueur  de  soua-carhonale  do  Po- 
liinie,  Lemive  de  Tartre,  Huile  de  Tartre  par  <l<'- 
fniUauce.  (Potass,  subcar.  Ihj,  aqua:  destillaf. 
f,^xij.     Dissolve  and  filter.     Ph.   U.  S.)     Dose, 

git.  X  to  XXX. 

Liquor  Potassii  Iodidi  Cojipos'itus.  Com- 
piiund  Solution  of  Iodide  of  Potassi>im.  (Potas- 
sii iodid.  gr.  X,  lodin.  gr.  v,  aqua  destillat.  Oj. 
(Imp.  meas.)     Ph.  L.)     Dose,  f.^j. 

Liquor,  Puopagatohy,  Sperm — 1.  Prostatious, 
Prostatic  liquor,  see  Prostate — I.  Puris.  ses  Pu«. 

Liquor  Saxg'uinis-.  Blood  liquor,  (F.)  Liqueur 
du  Sang.  A  term  given  by  Dr.  B.  Babington  to  one 
of  the  constituents  of  the  blood,  the  other  being 
the  red  particles.  It  is  the  Hcp.matoplas'ma,  tlie 
Pliisnia,  of  Schultz,  Lymph,  Coaijulable  or  plantic 
Lymph,  the  Mucago  or  Mueilage  of  Harvey,  Hew- 
son  and  others,  and  the  intercellular  fluid  of  Leh- 
mann,  (F.)  Lymphe  plastiquc  ou  coagulahle.  Sue 
iionrricier,  and  is  the  effused  material  from  which 
the  cells  obtain  the  constituents  of  the  different 
tissues  and  secretions.     See  Blood. 

Liquor  of  Scarpa,  Vitrine  auditive.  \ 

Liquor  Skm'inis.  The  homogeneous,  transpa-  I 
rent  fluid,  in  which  the  spermatozoids  and  semi-  | 
nal  srranulos  arc  contained.     See  Sperm.  | 

Liqiou  Sod.k,  L.  Sodte  Caustiea:,  Solu'tion  of  | 
So/ill,  Solu'tion  of  Caustic  Soda.  (Prepared,  like  I 
Liquor  Potassa\  from  Carbonate  of  Soda.)  I 

Liquor  Sod.b  Carboxa'tis,  Sohition  of  Car-  ''\ 
hnnate  of  S'tda.     (Sodep  carbon.  ,^iss,   (avoirdu-  [i 
)>i>is):  Aquee  dentithit.  Oj.  (Imp.  meas.)     Ph.  D.) 
Dose,  as  an  antacid,  one  to  two  tablespoonfuls, 
dihitfil  with  water.  j 

Liquor  Son.E  CiiLORini.  L.  sodie  chlorinatne.     | 

LiQuou  SoDJi  Chloiuna't.e,  L.  sodcB  chlu'ridi 


sou  8od(B  oxymuriat'icm  seu  chlore'ti  natriscu  cJiJo~ 
rureti  natri  seu  chloreti  sodcB  seu  chlorure'ti  sodas, 
seu  natri  o.rymuriat'ici,  A^atrum  cliloia'tum  liq'- 
vidum,  Aqua  natri  oxyuiuriat'ici,  I^tdjarraque'a 
Disinfecting  Liquid,  Solution  of  Chlorinated 
Soda.  (Calcis  Chloriuut.  tbj  ;  SodcB  Carbonaf. 
Ibj  ;  AqucB  cong.  iss.  Dissolve  the  carbonate  of 
soda  in  three  pints  of  the  water,  with  the  aid  of 
heat.  To  the  remainder  of  the  water  add,  by 
small  portions  at  a  time,  the  chlorinated  lime, 
previously  well  triturated,  stirring  the  mixture 
after  each  addition.  Set  the  mixture  by  for  se- 
veral hours,  that  the  dregs  may  subside;  decant 
the  clear  liquid,  and  mix  it  with  the  solution  of 
carbonate  of  soda.  Lastly,  decant  the  clear  li- 
quor from  the  precipitated  carbonate  of  lime,  pass 
it  through  a  linen  cloth,  and  keep  it  in  bottles 
secluded  from  the  light. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  in  the 
same  cases  as  the  chloride  of  lime.  Internally, 
10  drops  to  a  fluidrachm,  for  a  dose.  Diluted 
with  water,  it  is  an  excitant  and  disinfectant  in 
various  morbi  exierni. 

Liquor  SoiiyF,  Eki'hrvescens,  Acidulous  wa- 
ter, simple  —  1.  SodiB  Oxymnriaticae.  L.  sorlaa 
chlorinatas — 1.  Stypticiis  Ruspini,  Styptic,  Rus]ii- 
ni's — 1.  Sulphuricus  Alcoolisatus,  Spiritus  ictheris 
sulphurici  —  1.  Swietenis.  L.  hydrargyri  oxymu- 
riatis  —  1.  Sj'philiticus  Turneri.  L.  hydrargyri 
oxyinuriatis — 1.  Tartari  einetici,  Vinum  antimonii 
tartarizati  —  1.  of  \'au  Swieten,  L.  hydrargyri 
oxymuriatis. 

Liquor  Voi.at'ilis  Cohnu  Ckrvi,  L.  rolnt'ilii 
Cornu  Cerri'ui,  L.  volat'ilis  ot'sium,  Yol'atHe 
Liquor  of  Hartshorn,  Spir'itus  Ijumbrico' rum  seu 
ilillrpeda'rum  »euCoruu  Cervi,  Hartshorn,  Spirit 
of  Hartshorn,  Bone  Spirit,  (F.)  Liqueur  volatile 
de  Come  de  cerf.  This  is  a  solution  of  subcar- 
bonate  of  ammonia,  impregnated  with  empyreu- 
matio  oil.  It  possesses  the  same  virtues  as  tho 
sulicarbonate  of  ammonia.  It  is  in  common  use 
to  smell  at,  in  faintings,  &c. 

Liquor  Volatims  Ossiu.m.  L.  volatilis  cornii 
cervi — 1.  Zinci  Chloridi,  see  Burnett's  Disinfect- 
ing Liquid. 

Liquor  Zinci  Siti,i>ha'tis  cum  CAMPn'oRA, 
Aqua  Zinci  ritriola'ti  cum  Cmnphord  seu  vi- 
triol'ica  camphora'ta  seu  ophfhal'mica.  Common 
Eye  Water.  (Zinci  sulpli.  ^»s,  camphor,  ^ij, 
aq.  butlient.  Oij;  dissolve  and  filter.)  Used  as  ii, 
lotion  for  ulcers;  or,  diluted  with  water,  as  a  col- 
lyrium. 

LIQUORICE.  Glycyrrhiza  — 1.  Bosh,  Abrus 
precatorius — 1.  Juice,  see  Glycyrrliiza. 

Liquorick,  REFiN'En,  Extractum  glycj'rrhizfe 
—  1.  Spanish,  see  (Jlycyrrhiza  —  1.  Wild,  Aralia 
nudicaulis,  Galium  circa;zans. 

LIQUORITIA.  Glvcvrrhiza. 

LIRIODEX'DROX.  from  Xipio^  'lily  or  tulip,' 
and  Scf^pov,  'tree.'  L.  tuliplf'era,  Tnlipifcnt 
Liriodcu'dron,  Old  wife's  shirt.  Tulip  or  I'oplar 
Tree,  Tu/ip-bearing  or  America)i  Poplar,  White 
Wood,  Ci/press  Tree,  (New  England.)  (F.)  Tuli. 
pier.  The  hark  — Liriodendron  (Ph.  U.  S.) — 
especially  of  the  root,  of  this  noble  forest  tree, 
which  is  indigenous  in  the  United  States,  is  a 
strong  aromatic  bitter,  and  has  been  employed 
advantageously  as  a  tonic.  An  active  princiyile 
was  separated  from  it  by  Professor  J.  P.  Emmet 
of  the  University  of  Virginia,  and  has  been  called 
Lirioden'drin.     It  is  not  used  in  medicine. 

LIS  BLANC,  Lilium  camV\>.h\m— I.  Asphodele, 
Asphodelus  ramosus  —  /.  dcs  Etangs,  Nymphaea 
alba. 

LISETIOX,  r7/?.l.V/5.  Convclvnlus  sepinm — 
/.  des  Haies,  Convolvulus  sepiuiu — /.  .Vichameek, 
Convolvulus  panduratus. 

LI.^K,  Inguen. 

LISTS,  Flanks. 


LISTON'S  ISINGLASS  PLASTER  548 


LITIIOTIIRYrSIS 


LISTON'S  ISINGLASS  PLASTER,  see  Spa- 
radrnpuiu  adliae.'^ivuin. 

LITE,  Xtrri.  A  plaster,  formerly  made  of  ver- 
difjris.  wax,  and  resin. — Galen. 

LTTUAGOGECTASIA,  Lithecta?y. 

LITIIAGO'GUM,  from  ><9of,  'a  stone,'  and 
ayw,  'I  e.xpel.'  A  remedy  which  was  supposed 
to  possess  the  power  of  expelling  calculi.  Also, 
a  lithotomy  forceps. 

LITHANTHRAX,  Carbo  fossilis. 

LITHANTHROKOKALL  Anthrakokali. 

LITHARGE,  Plunibi  oxydum  semivitreum — 1. 
of  Gold,  see  Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreum — 1.  of 
Silver,  see  Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreum. 

LITHARGYRI  ACETUM,  Liquor  plumbi sub- 
acetntis. 

LITIIARGYRUM,  Plumbi  oxydum  semivi- 
treum. 

LITIIARGYRUS,  Plumbi  oxydum  semivi- 
treum. 

LITHAS,  Urate. 

LITHATE,  Urate— 1.  of  Soda,  Urate  of  soda. 

LITHEC'TASY,  Lithecta'sia,  Lilha(jm/ect<i'>iia, 
Lt'thudeeta'sia,  from  Ai9oj,  ■  a  stone,'  and  CKTuaif, 
'dilatation;'  Oi/itec'tast/.  An  operation  which 
consists  in  extracting  stone  from  the  bladder  by 
dilating  the  neck  of  the  organ,  after  making  an 
incision  in  the  perineum,  and  opening  the  mem- 
branous portion  of  the  urethra. 

LITII'IA,  Lithi'nuh,  Lithogen'io,  T/ri'dHi's, 
Uralfthi' finis,  Uncher'itt  cnlculo'nn,  Cdlcii'li  3lor- 
huR,  Lapilla'tio,  Oenera'tin  ciil'culi,  from  XiOoj,  'a 
.■■tone.'  The  formation  of  stone,  gravel,  or  con- 
cretions in  the  human  body.  Also,  an  affection 
in  which  the  eyelids  are  edged  with  small,  hard, 
and  stone-like  concretions. 

LiTll'lA,  Car'bo.vatk  of,  Lith'icp,  Cnr'honnn, 
Lith'ium  Carbon' iciiiii,  (F.)  Cnrlxniatc  de  Litlitne. 
A  salt  found  in  certain  mineral  waters,  which 
have  been  serviceable  in  lithuria.  Hence,  it  has 
been  suggested  in  that  morbid  condition. 

LiTHTA  Rbn'alis  Akenosa,  Gravel — 1.  Renalis, 
Nephrolithiasis — 1.  Vesicalis,  Calculi,  vesical. 

LITHIyE  CARBONAS,  Lithia,  carbonate  of. 

LITHIASIS,  Lithia  — 1.  Cystica,  Calculi,  ve- 
sical— 1.  Nephritica,  Gravel,  Nephrolithiasis. 

Lithi'asis  Pulmo'num,  Pidmo'ncs  Uirtarizu'ti. 
The  formation  of  concretions  in  the  lungs,  occa- 
sioning at  times  Litho-phthi' ais, Phthisis  calctdo'sa, 
Phlhinie  cnlciileuse,  of  Bayle. 

LiTHiAsis  Rknalis  Arenosa,  Gravel  —  1.  Re- 
nalis, Nephrolithiasis  —  1.  Vesicalis,  Calculi,  ve- 
sical. 

LITIIIC,  Lith'icHS.  Belonging  to  lithic  or 
iiric  acid,  or  to  stone :  hence  Lithie  Diath'csis. 
Also,  an  antilithic. 

Lithic  Acid,  Uric  acid  —  1.  Acid  diathesis,  Li- 
thuria—  1.  Diathesis,  Lithuria — 1.  Sediments,  see 
Lithuria. 

LITHTNE,  CARBONATE  DE,  Lithia,  car- 
bonate of. 

LITHIUM  CARBPNICUM,  Lithia,  carbon- 
ate  of. 

LITHIURTA,  Lithuria. 

LTTHOCENOSIS,  Lithotrity. 

LITHOCYSTOTOMY,  Lithotomy. 

LITIIOCLAST,  see  Lithotrity. 

LITIIOCLASTIA,  Lithotrity. 

LITHODECTASIA,  Lithectasy. 

LITHODIAL'YSIS,  from  XiOoj,  'a  stone,'  and 
hoKvu),  'to  dissolve.'  The  dissolving  of  a  stone 
in  the  bladder. 

LITHODRAS'SIC,  Lithodras'sicm.  (F.)  Litho- 
drassiqne,  from  'SiQoi,  'a  stone,'  and  Spaaaeiv,  'to 
seize  hold  of.'  An  epithet  given  to  a  form  of 
stone  forceps — Pince  UthodrasHiqnc — used  in  the 
operation  of  lithotrity,  by  MM.  Meirieu  and 
Tanchou. 

LITHOGENIA,  Lithia. 


LITIIOID,  Lilho'des,  Lithoi'des;  from  XiOoj. 
'stone,' and  ik^uj,  'resemblance.'  Of  tlie  nature 
of  stone,  or  resembling  stone  :  as 

LITHOiDES  OS,  see  Temporal  bone. 

LITHOLABE  (F.),  LIthol'ahnm,  from  h6o{. 
'a,  stone,'  and  Xaliuy,  Au;t/3u»u),  'I  seize  hold  ol.' 
An  instrument,  employed  for  laying  nold  of  a 
stone  in  the  bladder,  and  keeping  it  fixed,  so  liial 
lithotritic  instruments  can  act  upon  it. 

LITIIOLABON,  Forceps,  (Lithotomy.) 

LITIIOL'AISUM,  from  XiOos,  'a  stunc,'  mid 
Xafjffavu),  'I  seize.'  An  instrument  concerned  in 
extracting  stone  from  the  bladder.  It  liad  vii- 
rious  shapes. — Fabricius  ab  Aquapendente,  Ilil- 
danus. 

LITH'OLYTE,  from  \iOos,  'a  stone,' and  Xuu, 
'I  dissolve.'  An  instrument,  of  tlie  calhelor 
kind,  for  conveying  solvents  of  calculi,  into  the 
bladder. 

LITIIOLY'TIC,  Lithontriptic. 

LITIIOME'TRA,  from  Xi^of,  'a  stone,'  and 
Itrirpa,  'the  uterus.'  Osseous,  or  other  concretions 
of  tlie  uterus. 

LITIIONEPHRITIS,  see  Nephritis. 

LITIIONLYTIC,  Lithontriptic. 

LITIIONTHRYPTIC,  Lithontriptic. 

LITIIONTRIP'TIC,   Liihoutrip'ticus,  Llihm,. 

thri/p'tic,  Lilhohjt'ic,  Lithoiili/l' ic,  Ciih-idif  niiiiix, 
Sa.ri/'rai/tis,  from  XiOo;,  'a  stone,'  and  Biivvtw,  'I 
break  in  pieces.'  A  remedy  believed  to  be  capa- 
ble of  dissolving  calculi  in  the  urinary  passages. 
There  is  not  much  reliance  to  be  placed  upon 
such  remedies.  By  nnti/ilhics,  exhibited  accord- 
ing to  the  chemical  character  of  the  calculus  (see 
Calculi,  urinary,)  the  disease  may  be  prevented 
from  increasing;  but  most  of  the  vaunted  lithon- 
triptics  for  dissolving  the  calculus  already  forincil 
have  been  found  unworthy  of  the  high  enco- 
miums which  have  accompanied  their  intro- 
duction. 

LITHOPiE'DION,  /»/«»«  Inpid'em,  O^lmpm'- 
dion,  from  Xt&of,  'a  stone,'  and  rraij,  Ttaifios,  'a 
child.'  A  foetus,  petrified  in  the  body  of  the 
mother. 

LITHOPII'AGUS,  from  Xifiof,  'a  stone,'  and 
(jiayo),  'I  eat.'  A  stone-eater.  Cases  are  on  re- 
cord of  persons  who  have  swallowed  stones  for 
purposes  of  exhibition. 

LITIIOPHTHISIS,  see  Calculi,  pulmonary, 
and  Lithinsis  pulmonum. 

LirHOPRINlE.  Lithotrity. 
LITHOPUIONE,   from   Xiflof,   'a  stone.'  and 
vpiojv,  'a  saw.'     An  instrument  proposed  by  M. 
Leroy  for  preventing  the  fragments  of  a  calculu*, 
when  subjected  to  lithotrity,  from  falling  into  the 
bladder.     It  is  a  variety  of  litjioliibe. 
LITHOP/USIE.  Lithotrity. 
LirHORINEUR,  from   xi9oj,   'a  stone,'  and 
Qiviiv,  'to  file.'    An  instrument,  proposed  by  MM. 
Meirieu  and  Tanchou  for  filing  down   calculi  in 
the  bladder. 

LIT H OS,  Cnl cuius. 

LITIIOSPER'MUM  OFFICINA'LE,  Jlil'imn 
S(din,  JEijim'ychon,  Gfominell,  Pnstnni  Al'hmet, 
Litlfe-irale,  (F.)  Gremil  nfficiiud,  Ilinhe  "iij-  I'erhx. 
Ord.  Boraginea;.  The  seeds  of  this  plant  were 
formerly  supposed,  from  their  stony  hardness, 
(XiHos,  'a  stone,'  and  (TTSp/iu,  'seed,')  to  be  effica- 
cious in  calculous  affections.  They  have,  also, 
been  considered  diuretic. 

LirnosPEH-iiuM  Viij.osuM,  Anchusa  tinctoria. 
LITIIOTERE'TIIRUM,   from    Xi9«f,    'stone,' 
and  T€(iciv,  'to  rub.'     A  lithotritor. 

LirHOTIILIBlE  {¥.),  from  X<0,v5.  'stone,' and 
5Xi/?ij,  'I  crush.'  The  crushing  of  a  friable  c;il- 
culus  between  a  finger,  passed  by  the  rectum  or 
vagina  as  far  as  the  bnu-foitd  of  the  bladder,  and 
a  catheter  introduced  into  the  bladder. 
LITUOTIIRYPSIS,  Lithotrity. 


LITIIOTHRYPTORS 


549 


LITHOTOMY 


LITIIOTHRYPTORS,  see  Lithotrity. 

LI  TUG  TO  ME,  Lithoi'omiis,  from  Ac5o{,  'a 
tfone,'  T£//yoi),  'I  cut,'  and  to/ii;,  'an  incit^ion.' 
This  uauie  has  been  given  to  a  number  of  instru- 
ments of  different  shapes  and  sizes,  which  are 
Ui^ed  in  the  operation  for  tlie  stone,  to  cut  the 
neelt  or  body  of  the  bladder.  They  ought,  with 
more  propriety,  to  be  called  Ci/ilotomen. 

The  Lithotome  Cache  of  Frere  Come  is  the 
most  known,  and  is  still  oceasicmally  used.  It 
is  composed  of  a  handle,  and  a  flattened  sheath, 
.slii^htly  curved  :  in  this  there  is  a  cutting  blade, 
which  can  be  forced  out,  by  pressing  upon  a  has- 
eiile  or  lever,  to  any  extent  that  may  be  wished 
by  the  operator. 

A  IJiiiihle  Llihotome  was  used  by  Dupuytren 
in  his  hiliiteral  ojieration.     See  Lithotomy. 

LITIIOT'OMLST.  Same  etymon.  Lifhot'o- 
iiiiiH.  One  who  devotes  himself  entirely  to  ope- 
rating for  the  stone.  One  who  practises  litho- 
tomy. 

LITIIOT'OMY,  Lithofom'in,  Cijutntnm'ia,  Uro- 
!!tliol(i)ii'i(i,  Sectio  vmlcii'lis,  Litltoci/Ktot'oiiii/. 
Slime  etymon.  (F.)  Tailte.  The  operation  by 
which  a  stone  is  extracted  from  the  bladder.  The 
different  methods,  according  to  which  this  opera- 
tion may  be  practised,  are  reducible  to  five  prin- 
cipiil ;  each  of  which  has  experienced  numerous 
luodifications. 

1.  The  Method  of  Cchim,  Meth'odiin  Cehia'nn, 
Cystotom'ia  cinn  nppnrn'tii  parro,  Apparn'tun 
Jlliior,  Ciillitiij  on  the  Gripe.  This  consisted  in 
cutting  npon  the  stone,  after  having  made  it  pro- 
ject at  the  perinasum  by  means  of  the  fingers 
introduced  into  the  rectum.  This  method  was 
attended  with  several  inconveniences;  such  as 
the  ditficulty  of  dividing  the  parts  neatly,  injury 
(lone  to  the  bladder,  as  well  as  the  impossibility 
of  drawing  down  the  stone  in  many  persons.  It 
is  sometimes,  also,  called  Mcth'oduH  Giiytonui'nn  ; 
from  Guy  de  Chauliac  having  endeavoured  to 
remove  from  it  the  discredit  into  which  it  had 
fallen  in  his  time.  It  was  termed  Appnmtns  Mi- 
ii'ir,  (F.)  Le  petit  appnreil,  from  the  small  num- 
ber of  instruments  required  in  it. 

2.  AppnriitiiK  Miijot:  This  method  was  in- 
vented, in  1520,  by  John  de  Romani,  a  surgeon 
of  Cremona,  nnd  communicated  by  him  to  Mari- 
ano-Santo-di-l?:irletta,  whence  it  was  long  called 
Mariano's  Method,  Sec'tio  Mari<i'na.  It  was 
called,  also.  Apparatus  Major,  and  Cyntotnm'in 
seu  Meth'oduH  cum  apparii'tu  uinf/iio,  (F. )  Le  r/raud 
appnreil,  from  the  number  of  instruments  re- 
([iiired  in  it.  An  incision  was  made  on  the  me- 
dian line;  but  the  neck  of  the  bladder  was  not 
comprehended  in  it.  It  was  merely  dilated.  The 
greater  apparatus  was  liable  to  many  inconveni- 
ence!*, such  as  eechyinoses;  contusion:  inflam- 
nnition  of  the  neck  of  the  bladder;  abscesses; 
urinary  fistuUe ;  incontinence  of  urine ;  impo- 
tence, (fee. 

3.  The  Iliijh  Operation,  Apparatus  altus,  Cys- 
t'llom'in  cum  appnratu  alto,  C.  lli/p'igas'tricn, 
Lpicystotom'  ia,  Laparoejiitotom'  ia,  Sevlio  sou 
Meth'<idus_  Frauconin'nn,  S.  Ifi/poi/im'trira  seu 
tdtn,  (F.)  llnut  appareil,  Taille  Hi/p()</nstri<jue, 
faille  mis-puhienne,  was  first  practised  by  Peter 
Franco,  about  the  middle  of  the  16th  century. 
It  Consisted  in  pushing  the  stone  above  the  pubis 
by  the  fingers  introduced  into  the  rectum.  Rous- 
set  afterwards  proposed  to  make  the  bladder  rise 
above  the  pubis  by  injecting  it.  The  method  bad 
fallen  into  discredit,  when  FrSre  Come  revived  it. 
It  is  used  when  the  calculus  is  very  large.  It 
was  practised  by  opening  first  the  mem1)ranous 
part  of  the  urethra  upon  the  catheter  passed  into 
the  canal.  Through  this  incision,  the  Sonde  d 
dard — a  species  of  catheter,  having  a  spear- 
puinted  stilet  —  was  introduced  into  the  bladder. 


An  incision  was  then  made  into  the  linea  alba, 
above  the  symphysis  pubis,  of  about  four  or  five 
fingers'  breadth,  and  the  peritoneum  detached 
to  avoid  wounding  it.  The  stilet  was  pushed 
through  the  bladder,  and  used  as  a  director  for 
the  knife,  with  which  the  bladder  was  divided 
anteriorly,  as  far  as  the  neck  :  and  the  stone  ex- 
tracted. It  was  performed  in  England  by  Dou- 
glass, in  1719,  and  since  by  others,  with  various 
modifications. 

4.  The  Lat'eral  Operation,  Ilijpocysteotom' ia, 
Ci/stolom'ia  latera'lia,  Ci/sfunchenotoin'ia,  Cysto- 
trachclotom'ia,  UrethrocyHtauchenotoni'ia,  Ure- 
throcyHeotracheloloni'ia,  Sec'tio  lutera'lis,  Appu- 
ru'tus  lutera'lis,  (F.)  Appareil  liiterallse,  so 
named  from  the  prostate  gland  and  neck  of  tho 
bladder  being  cut  laterally,  was  probably  in- 
vented by  Peter  Franco.  It  was  introduced  into 
France  by  Frere  Jacques  de  Beaulieu.  lie  per- 
formed it  with  rude  instruments,  invented  by 
himself,  and  improved  by  the  suggestions  of  some 
of  the  Parisian  surgeons.  In  England,  it  re- 
ceived its  earliest  and  most  impcjrtant  improve- 
ments from  the  celebrated  Cheselden.  It  is  the 
method  practised  at  the  present  day,  according 
to  different  modes  of  i)rocedure.  In  this  method, 
the  patient  is  ])laced  upon  a  table  ;  his  legs  and 
thighs  are  bent  and  separated  ;  the  hands  being 
tied  to  the  feet.  The  perinivum  is  then  shaved, 
and  a  staff  is  introduced  into  the  bladder;  tho 
handle  being  turned  towards  the  right  groin  of 
the  patient.  An  oblique  incision  is  now  made 
from  the  raphe  to  the  middle  of  a  line  drawn 
from  the  anus  to  the  tuberosity  of  the  ischium 
of  the  left  side;  and,  taking  the  staff  for  a  guide, 
the  integuments,  areolar  tissue  of  the  perina:um, 
membranous  portion  of  the  urethra,  transversus 
perinai  muscle,  bulbo-eavcrnosus,  some  fibres  of 
the  levator  ani,  the  prostate  and  neck  of  the 
bladder,  are  successively  divided.  For  this  latter 
part  of  the  operation,  the  knife,  the  beaked  bis- 
toury, Bistouri  ou  Lithotome  Cache,  cutting  gor- 
get, &o.,  is  used,  according  to  the  particular  pre- 
ference. The  forceps  are  now  introduced  into 
the  bladder,  and  the  stone  extracted.  In  tho 
operation,  care  must  be  taken  not  to  injure  tho 
rectum,  or  the  great  arterial  vessels,  distributed 
to  the  perinaum. 

A  variety  of  the  Lateral  Apparatus,  called  by 
the  French  Appareil  lateral,  consisted  in  cutting 
into  the  hns-fond  of  the  bladder,  without  touch- 
ing the  neck  of  that  organ  ;  but  it  was  soon 
abandoned,  on  account  of  its  inconveniences. 

The  method  of  Le  Cat  and  of  Pajola — Urethra- 
cysteo-nneurysmatotom'ia  —  consists  in  dividing 
the  prostate  in  part  onl}',  —  the  enlargement 
of  the  wound  being  effected  by  a  peculiar 
dilator. 

The  Bilat'eral  Operation  is  founded  on  that  of 
Celsus.  It  consists  in  making  an  incision  poste- 
rior to  the  bulb  of  the  urethra,  and  anterior  to 
the  anus,  involving  both  sides  of  the  perinasuni 
by  crossing  the  raphe  at  right  angles:  an  incision 
is  then  made  through  the  niemliranous  part  of 
the  urethra,  and  the  prostate  maj'  be  cut  bilate- 
rally, either  with  the  double  lithotome  of  Dupuy- 
tren, or  the  prostatic  bisector  of  Dr.  Stevens,  of 
New  York. 

5.  Lithotomy  hy  the  Rectum.  Proctocystofom'ia, 
Sec'tio  reclo-vesiva'lis,  (F.)  'J'aille  par  la  Rectum, 
Taille  pasterieure,  T.  Recto-resicale.  This  was 
proposed  by  YeRetius  in  the  16th  centurj';  but 
it  was  never  noticed  until  51.  Sanson,  in  the  year 
1S17,  attracted  attention  to  it:  since  whi(di  timo 
it  has  been  successfully  performed  in  many  in- 
stances. It  consists  in  penetrating  the  bladder 
through  the  paries  corresponding  with  the  rec- 
tum, by  first  cutting  the  spinchter  ani  and  rectum 
about  the  root  of  the  penis,  and  penetrating  tho 


LITnOTRESIS 


55  0 


LTVER 


bliiddcr  by  the  neck  of  that  organ,  dividing  the  I 
prostnto, — or  by  its  bas-fond. 

Lithotomy  in  women,  from  the  shortness  of  the 
urethra,  is  a  oimiparatively  insignificant  operation. 

TiiTiioTOMY  BY  THB  Rkctum,  See  Lithotomy — L 
by  the  Vnijina,  see  Lithotomy. 

LITTIOTRESIS,  Lithotritv. 

LITIIOTRIPSIS.  Lithotrity. 

LITHOTKIPSV.  Lithotrity. 

LITHOTIUl'TORS,  see  Lithotrity. 

LfrifOT/UTKS,  see  Lithotrity. 

LTTIIOTHirEURS,  see  Lithotrity. 

LITllOTRITOR,  see  Lithotrity. 

LITIIOT'RITY,  LiiJioiri'tia,  Lkhotryp'sy, 
Lithiitripnii,  Litliothrip'fjj,  Lifhothri/pnis,  Litho- 
tre'niii,  Lithotrip«in,  Lithoreno'sh,  Lithoclux'tin, 
Lithoprlnie,  Lifhnprim'e,  (F.)  liroi  erne  lit  de  la 
Pierre,  from  \tSoi,  'a  stone,'  and  rfiifiu),  '  I  break. 
The  operation  of  breakinir,  bruising  or  sawing 
the  stone  in  the  bladder.  It  has  been  performed, 
of  late  years,  with  success,  by  French,  and,  after 
them,  by  English  and  American  surgeons.  The 
instruments  employed  for  this  purpose  are  called, 
in  the  abstract,  Lithotritrfi,  Lilhatriteiirs,  Lithat'- 
ritors,  LillKitriptom,  Lithalhryplnrs,  Lithotrype'tcE 
and  Lifhocl'tniH.  The  most  celebrated  are  those 
of  Civiale,  Jacobson,  Heurteloup  and  Weiss.  See 
Brise-Pierre  articide  ;  and  Perciiteur  d  JIartean. 

LITIlOTRYPI'rriE,  see  Lithotrity. 

LITHOXIDU'RIA,  from  .XiOof,  'a  stone,' ox- 
■ide,  and  ovpov,  'urine.'  Tiie  discharge  of  urine 
contjiinin<j  lithic  or  xanthic  oxide. 

LITHU'RIA,  L!t.Ji!ii'r!fi,  Lithurc'xi^,  LHlion. 
rorrhee  (Piorry) ;  from  XiOoq,  'a  stone,'  and  oviiov, 
'urine.'  Lithic,  or  Lithii:  Acid,  Diatlienin,  The 
condition  of  the  system  and  of  the  urine  in  which 
deposits  of  lithic  acid  and  the  lithates  —  Lithic 
seditiieiits  or  concretions — lake  place  in  the  urine. 
See  Urine. 

LITllUS,  Calculus. 

LIT.MUS,  Lichen  roccella. 

LITRA,  Pound. 

LITRE,  Litrn.  A  measure  containing  a  cubed 
decimetre,  which  is  equal  nearly  to  2.1135  pints. 
The  ancients  gave  the  name  litra,  XtTpa,  to  a  mea- 
sure eapablc  of  containing  16  ounces  of  liquid. 

LITS.EA  CUBEBA,  Piper  cubeba  — L  Pipe- 
rita, Piper  euheha. 

LITTLE-WALE,  Lithospermum  officinale. 

LITUS,  Liniment. 

LIVECHE,  Ligusticum  levisticum. 

LIVER,  Sax.  lipep,  Hcpnr,  Jenur,  Jee"inn8, 
(F.)  Foie.  The  liver  is  the  largest  gland  in  the 
body.  It  is  an  azygous  organ  :  unsyminetrical ; 
very  heavy ;  and  of  a  brownish-red  colour ;  oc- 
cupying the  whole  of  the  right  hypochondrium, 
and  a  part  of  the  epigastrium.  Above,  it  corre- 
sponds to  the  diaphragm  ;  below,  to  the  stomach, 
transverse  colon,  and  right  kidney;  behind,  to 
the  vertebral  column,  aorta,  and  vena  cava;  and 
he/ore,  to  the  base  of  the  chest.  Its  upper  sur- 
face is  convex  ;  the  lower,  irregularly  convex  and 
concave,  so  that  anatomists  have  divided  the 
organ  into  three  lobes,  —  a  large  or  ri(;ht  or  eo//c 
lobe; — -a  leaner  lobe,  lobule,  or  inferior  lobe,  the 
Lob'itliiK  Spif/e'lii, — and  a  middle  or  left  lobe.  At 
its  inferior  surface,  are  observed:  —  1.  A  Sulciia 
or  Fiirrqw  or  Fimnre,  called  horizontal  or  lonr/i- 
tudinol  or  great  Jivsiire,  Foan't  Umbilica'lis,  (F.) 
Sillon  horizontal,  longitudinal  ou  de  la  veine  om- 
hilicale,  Sideui  antero-poxterior  Jee' nrin  seu  hnri- 
zonta'lia  Jec'oriH  sen  longitudina'lin  Jecorin  seu 
sinis'ter  Jecoris  sou  Uinbilica'lin,  which  lodges,  in 
the  foetus,  the  umbilical  vein  and  ductus  venosus. 
2.  The  Princip(d  Finnnre,  termed  Snlcus  Trans- 
vernun,  Fosna  transrer'na.  Transverse  foRin,  Sinita 
Porta'rnm,  Porta,  P.  seu  ]\fiinns  Jec'orig  sen  He'- 
jiatis  Fossa  or  Fissure  of  the  Vena  j^orta,  Portal 


FtHs'nre  or  Fossa,  (F.)  Sillon  transversal  on  de  la 
veine  parte,  which  receives  the  sinus  of  the  vena 
porta.  3.  The  Fissure  of  the  Vena  Cava  infe'rior, 
Sillon  de  la  veine  cave  inferienre,  situate  at  tiic 
posterior  margin  of  the  organ,  and  l<id;;ing  the 
vena  cava  inferior.  4.  The  Lobnlns  Spigv  Hi,  or 
posterior  portal  eminence.  5.  The  anterior  portal 
eminence,  Anri'ga  seu  Lobnliis  aiioii'i/mns.  (i. 
Depressions  corresponding  to  the  upper  smfaco 
of  the  stomach,  gall-bladder,  arch  of  (lie  colon, 
right  kidney,  &c.  Continued  from  the  fossa  iiin- 
bilicalis  is  a  small  fossa,  called  Foxsa  Dnrlikn  IV- 
no'si,  between  the  left  lobe  and  Lobuhis  Spi};clii. 
The  posterior  margin  of  the  liver  is  very  thiol;; 
much  more  so  than  tlie  anterior.  The  liver  is 
surrounded  by  a  serous  or  peritoneal  covering, 
which  forms  for  it  a  suspensory  or  broad  ligament 
and  two  lateral  and  triangular  li;;a!nents.  See 
Falx.  The  l)lood-vosscls  of  the  liver  are  very 
numerous.  The  hepatic  artery  and  vena  porta 
furnish  it  with  the  lilood  necessary  for  it.-i  nutri- 
tion and  the  secretion  of  bile.  The  hepatic  veins 
convey  away  the  blood,  which  has  served  those 
purposes.  The  lymphatic  vessels  are  very  nume- 
rous ;  some  being  superficial ;  others  ilecp-scatcii. 
The  nerves  are,  also,  numerous,  and  proceed  from 
the  pneumogastric,  diaphragmatic,  and  from  the 
hepatic  plexuses. 

The  intimate  structure  of  the  parenchyma  of 
the  liver  has  been  well  studied.  When  cut,  it  ]ne- 
sents  a  porous  appearance,  owing  to  the  division 
of  a  multitude  of  small  vessels.  When  torn,  it 
seems  formed  of  granulations: — the  intimate 
structure  of  which  lias  given  rise  to  many  liypo- 
theses.  In  these  granulations  are  containeii  tlie 
radicles  of  the  excretory  ducts  of  the  bile:  tlio 
union  of  which  constitutes  the  hepatic  duct.  Ak- 
cording  to  Mr.  Kiernan,  the  intimate  structure 
consists  of  a  number  of  loljulcs — hepatic  tohvlni, 
hepatic  islets — composed  of  intndolinlar  or  he- 
patic veins,  which  convey  the  blood  back  that 
has  been  inservient  to  the  secretion  of  bile.  The 
interlobular  plexus  of  veins  is  formed  by  brandies 
of  the  vena  porta,  which  contain  both  the  blood 
of  the  vena  porta  and  of  the  hepatic  artery  ;  both 
of  which,  according  to  Mr.  Kiernan,  furnish  the 
pabulum  of  the  biliary  secretion.  The  hiliary 
ducts  form  likewise  an  interlobular  plexus,  having 
an  arrangement  similar  to  that  of  the  inter- 
lobular veins.  Mr.  Kiernan's  views  are  embraced 
by  many  anatomists;  but  are  denied  hy  some. 

The  liver  is  the  only  organ,  which,  inilcpen- 
dently  of  the  red  blood  carried  to  it  by  the  hepa- 
tic artery,  receives  black  blood  by  the  vena  porta. 
The  general  opinion  is,  that  the  vena  porta  is  the 
fluid  which  furnishes  bile,  whilst  that  of  the  artery 
affords  blood  for  the  nutrition  of  the  liver.  It  is 
probable,  however,  that  bile  is  secreted  from  the 
blood  of  the  latter  vessel.  Besides  bile  the  liver 
forms  sug!ir,  and  is  a  great  assimilating  organ. 

The  liver  is  liable  to  a  number  of  diseases. 
The  principal  are  —  Ihpati'tis  or  injlammation, 
cancer,  biliary  calculi,  encysted  and  other  tumours 
or  tubercles,  hydatids,  &c. ;  and  it  has,  at  times, 
been  the  fashion  to  refer  to  it  as  th^  cause  of 
symptoms  with  which  it  is  no  wise  connected. 

Liver,  Hepar.  Under  this  name  the  ancients 
designated  several  substances,  having  a  browni-h 
colour  analogous  to  that  of  the  liver;  and  com- 
posed of  sulphur  and  some  other  body.  See  Pu- 
tassae  Sulphuretum,  Liver  of  Sulphur. 

LivEH  of  Antimony  is  the  seini-vitrcous  sul- 
phuret,  &e. 

LivfiR  Disease,  Ilepatopathia  —  1.  Fatty,  Adi- 
posis bepatica — 1.  Gin,  L.  nutmeg — 1.  Gin-drink- 
ers', L.  nutmeg  —  1.  Granulated,  Cirrhosis  of  iho 
liver. 

LiVER-GnowN,  Tu'mido  jec'ore  prce'dittn. 
Having  a  large  liver. 


LIVIDUS   MUSCULUS 


551 


LOBULUS 


LiVKR,  Hobnail,  Cirrhosis  of  the  liver  —  1. 
Mainmiilateil,  Cirrhosis  of  the  liver. 

LiVKFl,  NuTMKC,  Hi-par  vnriet/ii'tiim,  Tu'beri- 
form  Ih-er.  An  appeiirance  of  the  liver  when  cut 
across,  resembling  that  of  the  section  of  a  nut- 
ine;;,  Myn'iilicd'tio  he'pntii,  supposed  by  &ome  to 
be  the  result  of  intemperance  in  the  use  of  alco- 
holic driril<s  ;  but  occurring  under  other  causes. 
The  terms  lohisky  liver,  ijiii-dri ulcers'  li'rer,  and 
gin  liver,  occasionally  applied  to  it,  are,  conse- 
quently, not  distinctive. 

LiVBii  Scot,  Chloasma. 

LivKit,  TiiuKKCULATKn,  Cirrhosis  of  the  liver 
— 1.  TuberiCorm,  L.  nutines- 

LiVKii  Wkkd,  Hepatica  triloba. 

liiVKi!,  WmsKV,  Liver,  nutmeg. 

LiVKK  Wort,  Hepatica  triloba,  Marchantia  po- 
lyinoiplia — 1.  Wort,  ground,  ash-coloured,  Lichen 
caninus  —  1.  Wort,  Iceland,  Lichen  Islandicus  — 
1.  Wort,  noble,  Hepatica  triloba. 

LIVIDUS   MUSCULUS,  Pcctinalis. 

LIVOR,  Suggillation — 1.  Emortualis,  see  Sug- 
gillatioii — 1.  Sanguineus,  see  Ecchymoma. 

L/VUR.  Pound. 

LIVllET,  Omasum. 

LIXIVIA  TARTARIZATA,   Potassiw   tartras 

—  1.  Vitriolata,  Potassai   sulphas  —  1.   Vitriolata 
sulpluirca,  Potassae  sulphas  cum  sulphure. 

LIXIVIiE  sea  KALICUM  ACETAS,  Potassa;. 
acetaa. 

LIXIVIAL,  Lixinio'sua,  from  lixivium,  'lee.' 
(F.)  Li.rivinl,  LIxivienx.  An  ancient  term  for 
salts  obtained  by  washing  vegetable  ashes, — sueh 
as  the  tixi'd  alkalies. 

L  I  X  I  V  I A  '  T  I  0  N,  E/ixivin'tioii,  Lixiria'tio, 
Snuie  etymon.  An  operation  which  consists  in 
wa.shing  wood-ashes  with  water,  so  as  to  dissolve 
the  soluble  parts.     The  filtered  liquor  is  the  lee. 

LIXIVIUM,  Lixiv'io,  Coii'in,  Lee,  Ley,  Lye, 
(F.)  Lensive.  Any  solution  containing  potassa  or 
sodii — Sill  lixiuio'sitm — in  excess;  from  lix,  'lye.' 

Lixivium  Ammoniacale,  Liquor  ammoniae  — 
I.  Ammoniacale  aromaticum,  Spiritus  ammonias 
iiroiiiaticus  —  1.  Causticum,  Liquor  potassas  —  1. 
Magistrale,  Liquor  potassse  —  1.  Saponarium,  Li- 
quor potassie  —  1.  Tartari,  Liquor  potassoe  sub- 
carbonatis. 

LIXIVUS  CINIS,  Potash  of  commerce. 

LIZARD,  Lacer'td,  Ltteer'tiis,  said  to  be  SO 
called  in  consequence  of  its  limbs  resembling  the 
arras  (lacerti)  of  man  [?].  Saura,  Sdiiron,  (F.) 
Lhard.  Lizards  were  formerly  employed  in  me- 
dicine as  sudorifics;  and  were,  at  one  time,  ex- 
tolled in  syphilis,  cutaneous  affections,  and  in 
cancer. 

LIZARD'S  TAIL,  Saururus  cernuus. 

LOADED,  see  Enduit. 

LOADSTONE,  Magnet. 

LOATHING,  Disgust. 

LODARIA    ISLANDICA,    Lichen    Islandicus 

—  1.  Pulmonaria,  Lichen  pulmonarius  —  1.  Saxa- 
tilis,  Lichen  Sasatilis. 

LOBE,  LobuH.  A  round,  projecting  part  of  an 
organ.  The  liver,  lungs,  and  brain,  for  example, 
have  lobes. 

Lobe'of  the  Ear,  Lnh'ule  of  the  Ear,  is  a  soft, 
roundeil  prominence,  which  terminates  the  cir- 
cumference of  the  pavilion  inferiorly,  and  which 
is  pierced  in  those  who  wear  rings. 

The  under  .surface  of  the  brain  is  divided  into 
two  anterior,  two  lateral,  two  pnnlerior,  .and  two 
intermediate  ^>Jes  or  processeg.  These  Chaussier 
calls  lobules  of  the  brain :  the  cerebral  hemi- 
spheres he  terms  lobes. 

LoiiK,  Bive.n'thal.  A  wedge-shaped  lobe  of 
the  cerebellum,  situate  behind  the  amygdala. 

LOnE  nOUDKXAL.  Lobulus  Spigelii  —  ?. 
P'lnciSatiqiie,  Lobulus  Spigelii  —  /.  Petit  du  foie, 
Lobulus  Spigelii — I.  de  Spigel,  Lobulus  Spigelii. 


LOBELIA,  BLUE,  L.  syphilitica. 

Lobe'lia  Cardina'lis,  Lobelia  coccin'ea,  Tra- 
che'lium  Anieri'cauum,  Car'dinal  Plnvf,  Car'di- 
iial  Flower,  Scarlet  Lobelia.  Ord.  Lobeliacea?, 
This  species  is  indigenous  in  the  United  States. 
It  blooms  in  autumn,  having  beautiful  carmine 
flowers.  The  root  is  a  reputed  anthelmintic  with 
the  Indians. 

Lobelia  Coccinea,  L.  Cardinalis. 

Lobelia  Inpla'ta,  Lidian  or  Wild  Tobac'co, 
Puke  Weed,  Axthnta  Weed,  Eyebri<jlit,  Emet'ic 
Weed,  Ijobe'lia  (I'h.  U.  S.).  The  prominent  vir.- 
tues  of  this  American  plant  are  those  of  an 
emetic.  In  smaller  doses  it  is  sedative,  and  has 
been  given  as  a  pectoral  in  croup,  asthma,  &c. 
It  is,  also,  sudorific  and  cathartic,  and  is  an  acro- 
narcotic  poison.     Twenty  grain?  act  as  an  emetic. 

Lobelia,  Palespiked,  L.  spicata. 

Lobelia  Pinifo'lia.  A  South  African  plant, 
the  root  of  which  is  excitant  and  diaphoretic. 
A  decoction  of  it  is  sometimes  used  in  the  Cape 
Colony  as  a  domestic  remedy  in  cutaneous  afi'ec- 
tions,  chronic  rheumatism,  and  gout. 

Lobelia,  Scarlf.t,  L.  Cardinalis. 

Lobelia  Spica'ta,  Palespiked  Lobelia;  indi- 
genous :  is  a  diuretic. 

Lobelia  Svimmlit'iCA,  L.  refle.r'a,  liaimu'- 
eidii9  Virr/iiiia')ti(8,  Jiapitii'tiiim  Syjiliilil'  ieiini, 
i  nine  Lobelia,  Blue  Car'dinal  Flower.  The  root 
of  this  plant,  which  is  indigenous  in  the  United 
States,  is  an  emetic  and  drastic  cathartic.  It  has 
been  used  in  syphilis;  hence  its  name.  The 
mode  of  preparing  it  is  to  boil  ^ss  of  the  dried 
root  in  Oxij  of  water,  until  the  fluid  u  reduced 
to  Oviij.     Dose,  Oss. 

LOBES  BIJUM-EAUX,  Quadrigemn.a  tuber- 
cula — 1.  Cerebral,  see  L<ibe. 

Lobes  of  tue  Liver,  Pinna  seu  Zoti" seu  Piu'~ 
nulcB  He'patis.     See  Lobule. 

Lobes,  Optic,  Quadrigemina  tubercula — l. 
Optiques,  Quadrigemina  tubercula. 

LOBI  HEPATIS,  Lobes  of  the  liver— L  Pul- 
monum,  see  Pulmo. 

LOB'ULAR,  Lobnla'ris.  Same  etymon  as  Lo- 
bule. Relating  to  or  belonging  to  a  lobule: — a3 
lobular  pncumonin,  (F.)  Pueumonie  lobiilaire,  J'. 
mamelonn^e,  P.  disseminee.  Pneumonia  anatomi- 
cally characterized  by  nuclei  of  red  or  gray  hepa- 
tization disseminated  in  variable  numbers  in  one 
or  both  lungs. 

Lobular  Biliary  Plexus.  The  plexus  formed 
of  lobular  hepatic  ducts,  which  are  derived  chiefly 
from  the  interlobular.  This  plexus  forms  the  prin- 
cipal part  of  the  substance  of  the  lobule. 

Lobular  Venous  Plexus.  The  plexus  inter- 
posed between  the  interlobular  portal  veins,  and 
the  intralobular  hepatic  vein. 

LOB'ULE,  Jjob'ulus,  diminutive  of  lobus,  'a 
lobe.'  A  little  lobe.  Mr.  Kiernan  uses  the  term 
lobule,  for  the  acinus  of  the  liver  of  manj'  anato- 
mists. 

Lobule  of  tiie  Corpus  Striatum,  Insula  ce- 
rebri—  1.  of  the  Ear,  Lobe  of  the  Ear — 1.  of  the 
Fissure  of  Sylvius,  Insula  cerebri — /.  du  Foie,  Lo- 
bulus Spigelii — 1.  of  the  Liver,  see  Liver — I.  of  the 
Lung,  see  Pulmo — 1.  Pneumogastric,  Flocculus. 

LOBULI,  see  Lobulus  —  1.  Pulmonales,  see 
Pulmo. 

LOBULUS  ACCESSORIUS  ANTERIOU 
QUADRATUS,  L.  anonymus. 

Lob'ulus  seu  Lobus  Anon'tmus,  L.  accesxo'- 
rius  ante'rior  quadra'tus,  L.  qnndra'tns,  (F.) 
Eminence  parte  auterieure.  This  is  situate  in  the 
liver  between  the  passage  for  the  round  ligament 
and  the  gall-bladder,  and  is  less  prominent,  but 
broader,  than  the  Lobulus  eandatus.  From  the 
lobulus  anonymus  a  bridge  runs  across  the  pas- 
sage for  the  round  ligament.  It  is  called  Poiia 
seu  Isthmus  he'patis. 


LOBUS 


552     LOISELEURIA   TROCUMBENS 


LoECLrs  seu  Lobus  CAunA'Ttis,  Pi-occh'suh 
eftiidiitii8.  This  is  merely  the  root  or  one  of  the 
iingles  of  the  lobulus  Spij;eHi,  adviinciii;^  towards 
the  middle  of  the  lower  side  of  the  great  lobe, 
and  represontint;  a  kind  of  tail.  Also,  the  termi- 
nation of  the  helix  andanthelix  of  the  ear,  which  is 
separated  from  the  concha  by  an  extensive  fissure. 

Lon'i'Li's  CioNtnA'Lis.  A  small  lobule  or  |)ro- 
minence  of  the  superior  vermiform  process  of  the 
cerebellum,  situate  in  the  incisura  anterior. 

LoBtiLUs  Nasi,  see  Nasus  —  1.  Pneuraogastri- 
cus,  Flocculus — 1.  Posterior,  L.  Spigelii — 1.  Pos- 
ticus papillatus,  L.  Spigelii  —  1.  Quadratus,  L. 
anonyinus — 1.  Renum,  Ferrein,  pyramid  of. 

Lobulus  seu  IiObvuSi'ige'i.u,  L. poeie'riorsea 
j)oati'ci(8  pnpiltri'tnn,  (F.)  Miniiience  pnrte  ponte- 
rienre,  Lohtile  ou  Petit  lobe  du/oi'e,  Lobe  de  Spi- 
</el  ou  diiodeti'il  ou  pnncientiqtie,  is  situate  near 
the  spine,  upon  the  left  side  of  the  great  lobe  of 
the  liver,  and  is  of  a  pyramidal  shape,  ))r()jecting, 
like  a  nipple,  between  the  cardia  and  vena  cava, 
at  the  small  curvature  of  the  stomach. 

LOBUS,  Lobe,  see  Lobulu.s  —  1.  Quadrangula- 
ris,  see  Cerebellum  —  1.  Semilunaris,  see  Cere- 
bellum— 1.  Superior  anterior,  see  Cerebellum  —  L 
Superior  posterior,  see  Cerebellum. 

LOCAL,  Locn'Us,  Top'icHH,  Jfer'iciis,  Partin'lis, 
Tun'icdl,  (F.)  Locale,  Tiipiqne.  An  affection  is 
calle<l  local  —  Morbus  Loca'lis,  —  when  confined 
to  a  part,  without  implicating  the  general  system  ; 
or.  at  all  events,  only  secondarily.  Loail  is  thus 
opposed  to  general.  A  local  or  topical  application 
is  one  used  externally.     See  Topical. 

LOCH,  Looch. 

LOCHADES,  see  Sclerotic. 

LOG  HI' A  or  LO'CIIIA,  Purr/nmcii'la  Piierpe'- 
rii  seu  U'teri,  Purijn'tio  piierpe'rii,  Lijma,  from 
^''X"^'  '  **■  woman  in  childbed,'  Xoxiin,  '  parturi- 
tion;' (F.)  Suites  de  couches,  Vidaiir/ev.  The 
cleaiisings.  A  sero-sanguineous  discharge  follow- 
ing delivery.  During  the  first  two  or  three  days, 
it  is  bloody:  but  afterwards  becomes  green-co- 
loured.— (jreen  waters — and  exhales  a  disagreeable 
and  peculiar  odour.  The  lochia,  in  different 
stages,  have  received  the  names  Lochia  crueii'ta, 
L.  sero'sa  and  L.  alba  seu  mnco'sa  seu  lac'tea. 
The  duration,  quantity,  and  character  of  the  dis- 
charge vary  according  to  numerous  circumstan- 
ces. It  flows  from  the  part  of  the  uterus  which 
formed  a  medium  of  communication  between  the 
mother  and  foetus,  and  continues,  usually,  from 
14  to  21  davs.     See  Parturition. 

LOCHIOCCELTITIS,  Puerperal  fever. 

LOOIirODOCHIUM,  Lochodochium. 

LOCHIOPYRA,  Puerperal  fever. 

LOCHrORRHAG"IA,  from  lochia,  and  priywyn, 
'I  make  an  irruption.'  An  immoderate  flow  of 
the  lochia.  Hemorrhage  from  the  uterus  in  the 
child-bed  state. 

LOCHIORRHffi'A,  from  lochia,  and  pc-j,  'I 
flow.'  Discharge  or  immoderate  discharge  of  the 
lochia. 

LOCHIORUM  RETENTIO,  Ischolochia. 

LOCHIOSCIIESrS,  Ischolochia. 

LOCHOCH.  Looch. 

LOCHODOCHI'UM,  Lochiodoch i'um,  from 
^'X°^'  '^  female  in  childbed,'  and  Sexofiat,  'I  re- 
ceive.' An  institution  for  the  reception  of  preg- 
nant and  childbed  females.     A  Lying-in-hospital. 

LOCHOMETRITIS,  see  Metritis." 

LOCHOMETROPHLEBITIS,  see  Phlebitis. 

LOCHOOPHORITIS,  see  Oaritis. 

LOCHOPERITONITIS,  see  Peritonitis. 

LOCHOS,  Puerpera. 

LOCI,  Uterus — 1.  Muliebres,  Uterus,  Vulva. 

LOCK  HOSPITAL.  A  term  of  uncertain 
origin,  generally  given  to  venereal  hospitals  in 
Oreat  Britain. 


LOCKED  JAW,  Trismus. 

LOCKINU,  Coxofomoral  articulation. 

LOCOMOTILITY,  see  Locomotion. 

LOCOMO'TION,  Lucomo'tio,  from  locus,  •  a, 
place,'  and  movere,  7notiini,'to  move.'  An  iietioii 
peculiar  to  animal  bodie-s,  by  which  they  Iraii.s. 
port  themselves  from  plaoo  to  place.  It,  as  well 
as  miiscnia'tion,  has  also  been  used  for  I  he  func- 
tion of  animal  movements.  The  faculty  is  some- 
times called  Locomotiv' itij  and  Loconiotil'itii. 

Locomotion  of  an  Autkhv,  is  the  movenitnt 
produced  in  the  vessel  with  a  curvature,  by  the  im- 
pulse of  the  blood  sent  from  the  heart,  which 
tends  to  straighten  the  artery,  and  causes  the 
movement  in  question. 

LOCOMOTIVITY,  see  Locomotion. 

LOCULAMENTA   COLT,  see  Colon. 

LOCUS  CINEREUS,  Substantia  ferruginea. 

Locus  NlGHK,  see  Peduncles  (,f  the  Brain. 

Locus  Pkispoua'tus  Anti'cus  seu  ANTK'ition. 
A  triangular  flat  surface  of  the  brain,  which  cor- 
responds to  the  posterior  extremity  of  each  ol- 
factory process  in  front  of  the  optic  tract,  and 
near  the  entrance  of  the  fissure  of  Sylvius.  Siib- 
sian'tia  seu  Lam'ina  perfora'ta  ante' rior. 

LociTS  Peupohatus  Po.sticiis,  see  Tarini  pons. 

LOCUST,  BLACK,  Robinia  Pseudo-acacia. 

Locust  Eatkrs,  Acridophagi — 1.  Plant,  Cassia 
JVIarilandica — 1.  Tree,  Roldnia  Pseudo-acacia. 

Locust,  Ybllow,  Cladrastis  tinctoria. 

LODGED,  Wedged. 

LODOICEA,  see  Coco  of  the  Maldives. 

LOECHE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF,  Leuk, 
mineral  waters  of. 

LCRME,  Plague. 

LO^]MIA,  Plague. 

L(EMICUM.  see  Lcemology. 

LffiMOCHOLOSIS,  Fever,  yellow. 

LCEMOCOMI'UM,  from  Aoi//os,  'plague,'  and 
KOfitw,  'I  take  care  of.'  An  hcispital  for  those 
affected  with  plague. 

LffiMOGRAPHY,  Loimography. 

LCEMOLOGIUM,  see  Loemology. 

LCEMOL'OGY,  Lumolog"ia,  from  >o,/ioj, 
'plague,'  and  )ioyoi.  'a  description.'  The  doc- 
trine of  plague  and  pestilential  diseases.  A  trea- 
tise on  the  same, — Lw'inictrm,  Lcemolog"iiim. 

LffiMOPIITHALMIA,  see  Ophthalmia. 

LffiMOPYRA,  Plague. 

LCEMOS,  Plague. 

LOGADES,  Sclerotic. 

LOGADITIS,  Sclerotitis. 

LOGIA'TROS,  Logia'ter ;  from  ^oyof,  'a  word,' 
and  laTpog,  'a  physician.'  In  the  bad  sense,  a 
physician  without  experience:  a  mere  theorist. 
In  the  good  sense,  a  rational  physician  :  one  who 
treats  disea,se  according  to  theoretical  or  scien- 
tific principles. 

LOGONEURO'SES,  from  Aoyoj,  'mind,  reason,' 
and  vevpof,  'a  nerve.'  Diseases  of  the  mental 
activity. — Romberg. 

LOGOS.  Reason. 

LOGWOOD,  Ilaematoxylon  Campechiannm. 

LOG"Y,  ^oya;,  'a  description.'  A  suflix  de- 
noting 'a  treatise  or  description.'  Hence,  An- 
g'wloi/i/  and  Neuro/of/M,  &c. 

LOIIOCII,  Looch. 

LOTMOCHOLOSIS,  Fever,  yellow. 

LOIMOG'RAPHY,  Loimograph'ia,  Ltrmng'- 
raphy,  from  Xoiwof,  'plague,'  and  ypat^w,  'I  de- 
scribe.' A  description  of  the  plague  and  pesti- 
lential diseases. 

LOIMOLOGY,  Loemology. 

LOIMOS,  Plague. 

LOINS.  Lnmbi. 

LOISELEU'RIA  PROCUM'BENS,  Aza'lea 
prociim'bens ;  indigenous:  Order,  Ericacete ;  h.as 
some  reputation  as  an  astringent. 


LOLIACEUM  RADICE  REPENTE       55  3 


LOOCn  ROUGE 


LOLIACEUM  RADICE  REPENTE,  Triticutn 
rcpeiiK. 

LOLIUM  ANXULUM,  L.  temulentum. 

Lo'mi'M  Tk.mui.knt'iim,  L.  an'iinum,  Crepn'li'a 
temalfn'td,  UrcimiH  tininihni'hm,  Darnel,  (Prov.) 
(!iicL-<iriiiiii,  Jum,  (F.)  Hi'i-hc  <l' [vnxjne.  A  species 
of  tlic  fjonus  Lolliiin,  (F.)  lomii- ;  Ord.  (Jrami- 
neae ;  Snx.  Sijit.  Triiindria  cli;^ynia,  which  has 
deci'leilly  poi-sonous  properties;  occasioning,  when 
ini.xeil  in  bread  or  beer,  intoxication,  vertigo, 
Dau-^ea,  and  vuiniting. 

LO.lfJiAfRE,  Lumbar. 

LOMIiES,  Lumbi. 

LOMllO-A/iDOMINAL,  Transversalis  abdo- 
minis—  I.  Coital,  Serratus  posticus  inferior  —  I. 
('•iHlii-tracht'lieti,  Sacro-lunibalis — I.  Dnrso-spiiuil, 
Transversalis  dorsi — /.  Dornn-trdclieHoi,  Longis- 
siinus  dorsi  —  /.  Humeral,  Latissiinus  dorsi  —  I. 
Sacri,  Lumbo-sacral. 

LOMBI{!<\  Ascaris  lunibricoides. 

LOM/nilCA  trX,  Lunibricales. 

LOMIIRI(U)'fl)E,  Ascaris  lunibricoides, 

LONCIIADKS.  see  Sclerotic. 

LONCIIADITIS,  Sclerotitis. 

LO^fCIIITIS,  Polypodi'um  filix  mas. 

LONG,  Loiit/iiii,  Macron.  That  which  is  much 
prcater  in  length  than  in  breadth  ;  as  the  lov;/ 
bones.  The  epithet  is,  also,  ap])lied  to  several 
luuscles,  to  distinguish  them  from  others  of  simi- 
liir  function,  when  the  latter  are  shorter.  We 
tiiiy,  for  instance,  Ioikj  flexors,  and  loiuj  extensors, 
in  opposition  to  nhort  flexors,  and  fiJiort  extensors. 

LONG  DU  COU,  Longus  colli  — i.  du  Boa, 
Longissiinns  dorsi. 

LONG^EVUS,  Macrobiotic. 

L0N(}ANON,  Rectum, 

LONGAON,  Rectum. 

LONGAS,  Rectum. 

LO'SGEVIIY,  Loufjw'vilafi,  from  hwgiin, 
'long,' and  mvnm,  'age,'  Ilfncrohio'sii,  Ifacrabi'- 
otes.  Tiie  prolongation  of  existence  to  an  ad- 
vanced age.  Hiiller  collected  examples  of  more 
tJian  one  thousand  centenarians.  He  had  know- 
ledge of  sixty-two  persons  aged  from  110  to  120 
years;  of  twenty-nine,  from  120  to  130  years; 
and  of  fifteen,  who  had  attained  from  130  to  140 
years.  Beyond  this  advanced  age,  examples  of 
longevity  are  much  more  rare  and  less  sufficiently 
attested. 

The  following  list  of  instances  of  very  advanced 
ages  has  been  given  : 

Lived.  Aije. 

Apollonius  of  Tyana A.  D.  99. ..180 

St.  Patrick 491. ..122 

Attila 600. ..124 

Llywiirch  lien 500. ..150 

St.  Coemsrene 618. ..120 

Piastus,  King  of  Poland 861. ..120 

Thomas  Parr 16.S5...1o2 

Henry  Jenkins 1670. ..169 

Countess  of  Desmond 1612. ..145 

Thnmiis  Damme 1648. ..154 

Peter  Torten n24...1S5 

•Margaret  Patten 1739. ..1.87 

John  Rovin  and  wife 1741. ..172  and  164 

St.  Monagh  or  Kentigen 1781. ..185 

Lnnsevity  also  means  lemjlTi  or  duration  of  life, 
fF.)  Diiree  de  la  vie.  The  mean  age  at  death, 
(F.)  Vie  mni/enne,  of  different  classes  and  profes- 
sions enables  an  estimate  to  be  formed  of  the 
erpeclation  or  value  of  life  in  each. 

LONtUXG.  Malacia. 

LOX(iISSI.MUS,  superlative  of  longui,  'long.' 
Longest.  A  term  applied  to  parts,  which  are 
very  long  in  their  relation  to  others. 

LnX(JIS'SIMlTS  DORSI,  Semi-spina'tm,  (¥.) 
Lombii-dorHo-tracht'lien,  Portion  costo-trachelieune 
du  sacrospinal  (Ch.),  Long  dorsal,  Long  du  dos, 


is  situate  vertically  at  the  posterior  part  of  the 
trunk,  and  fills,  in  a  great  me.a,sure,  the  vertebral 
furrows.  It  is  thick  and  almost  square  below ; 
thin  and  pointed  above.  It  is  attached  to  the 
posterior  surface  of  the  sacrum,  to  the  transverse 
processes  of  all  the  lumbar  and  dorsal  vertebrae, 
and  to  the  inferior  margin  of  the  last  7  or  8  ribs. 
It  maintains  the  vertebral  column  in  a  straight 
position  ;  straightens  it  when  bent  forwards,  and 
can  even  carry  it  back.  It  also  assists  in  the  ro- 
tatory motion  of  the  trunk. 

LoNGissi.MUS  Fkmoius,  Sartorius  —  1.  Oculi, 
Obliquus  superior  oculi. 

LOXG-SKJHTEDNESS,  Presbytia. 

LOXGUS,  Long. 

LONG  US  COLLI,  (F.)  Prg-dorso-cervical,  PrS- 
doriio-uthi'idien,  (Ch.,)  Long  da  cou.  This  muscle 
is  situate  at  the  anterior  and  superior  part  of  the 
vertebral  column.  It  is  long,  flat,  and  broader 
at  its  middle  than  at  its  extremities,  which  are 
pointed.  It  is  attached  to  the  anterior  surface  of 
the  bodies  of  the  first  three  dorsal  and  last  six 
cervical  vertebrae;  to  the  intervertebral  ligaments  ; 
to  the  anterior  edge  of  the  transverse  processes  of 
the  last  five  cervical  vertebric  ;  and  to  the  tuber- 
cle on  the  anterior  arch  of  the  first.  This  muscle 
bends  the  cervical  vertebras  ujion  each  other  and 
upon  the  dorsal  vertebras.  If  the  upper  portion 
acts  on  one  side  only,  it  occasions  the  rotation  of 
the  atlas  on  the  vertebra  dentata;  and,  conse- 
quently, of  the  head  on  the  neck. 

LOXICEUA  GERMAXICA,  L.  Periclymenum 
— 1.  Marilandica,  Spigelia  Marilandica. 

Lonick'ra  Pi'.rici-ym'bnum,  L.  German'ica, 
Perich/ni'enum,  P.  vuli/a'je,  Capri/u'linin,  C.  Peri- 
clt/ni'eiiuni  seu  sylvat'icum  sen  dlntiuct'nin.  Common 
Woodbine,  Honei/iuckle,  (Prov.)  Snekting,  (F.) 
Clievre-feuille.  This  common  plant  is  slightly 
astringent  and  tonic,  and  was  formerly  much  used 
in  gargles. 

Lonice'ra  SEMPERvi'nRNS,  Caprifo'lium  sem- 
pervirens.  Scarlet  or  Trumpet  HoneyHuckle.  Ord. 
Caprifoliaceae  ;  indigenous.  A  syrup  of  the 
leaves  is  said  to  have  been  given  in  asthma  and 
in  amygdalitis.  [?] 

LONK.  Coxofemoral  articulation. 

LOOCH,  Lohnch,  Loci,,  Lochoch.  Looch,  of 
Arabic  extraction.  A  linctus.  See  Eclegma  and 
Eclectos. 

Looch  absquF.  EMFi.sio'Nii  PARA'Trir,  Look 
prepare  sann  hnuhion ;  Looch  2»'<'2^"red  irilhoiit 
emuhion.  {Pnlv.  ;/.  trag.  gr.  xvj — gr.  xxx,  ol. 
ami/gd.  dulc.  ,^ss.,  nacchar.  _^j,  ac/ua  ,^iij,  aqua 
flor.  aurant.  _^ij.  Mi-Y  by  rubbing  in  a  marble 
mortar.)     Demulcent. 

Looch  Albuh,  L.  amygdali'num,  Linctus  albus 
seu  ami/gdaliuus  seu  commn'nis,  Edeg'mn  album 
seu  gummo'xo-oleo'sum,  (F.)  Looch  blane,  Jj.  b. 
ami/gdalin,  X.  h.  pectoral.  (Amiji/d.  dulc.  ^ss, 
ann/gd.  amar.  No.  ij,  sacchar.  nib.  ^iv.  Make  an 
emulsion  by  gradually  adding  ^^iv  of  water.  Then 
take  pulv.  tragacanth.  gr.  xvj.  ol.  amygd.  dulc. 
recent.  ,^ss,  sacch.  ^ij.  Add  the  almond  milk 
gradually  to  this,  and  afterwards  aq.Jlor.  auranU 
^ij.  Ph.  P.)     It  is  demulcent  and  pectoral. 

Looch  AMYcnAMNU.M,  L.  album  —  /.  Blanc,  L. 
album  —  1.  cum  Croco  et  pistaciis,  L.  viride  —  1. 
of  Egg.  L.  ex  Ovo. 

Loocn  KX  Ovo,  Ij.  peetora'le  len'iens,  Potio  seu 
emul'sio  sen  tnistu'ra  len'iens  seu  oleo'sa,  Looch 
of  Egg,  (F.)  Look  d'oruf.  Looch  rouge,  £mulxion 
huilcune,  Mixture  cahnante,  Potion  pectorale,  Lait 
adoucionant.  (  Yitcll.  ori.  recent,  ^ss,  ol.  ami/gd. 
dulc.  ,^iss,  si/rup.  allhcBW,  ,^j.  Rub  in  a  mortar, 
and  add  by  dcirrres,  aq.  /lor.  amant.  ^j,  aq, 
papav.  rhaad.  ^ij.  Fh.  P.)  Virtues  the  same 
as  the  preceding. 

LOOCH  ROUGE,  L.  ex  Ovo  —  /.  Vert,  L. 
viride. 


LOOK 


554 


LOZENGES 


Loocn  Yir'idE,  L.  cum  croc?  ct  pinta'clh,  (F.) 
Louch  vert.  (S';/riip.  Violcir.  ^j,  tiiict.  croci  gtt. 
XX.,  aqua  3'v.  Mix,  nnd  ndd  pisldcicB  sciiiiii.  akc. 
3vj.     P/i.  P.)     Virtues  like  the  last. 

LOOK,  Looch — I.  d'CEtif,  Looch  ex  ovo — /. 
Prepare  sa}i8  emuhion,  Looch  absque  emulsione 
paratum. 

LOOSE  STRIFE,  CREEPINO,  Lysimachia 
nmnmularia — 1.  s.  Four-leaved,  Lysimachia  quad- 
rifolia. 

LOOSENESS,  Diarrhoea  — 1.  of  the  Teeth, 
Odontoseisis. 

LOPEZ  RADIX,  Rndix  lopezin'ua  seu  In'- 
dlca  lopez!a'»ii.  The  root  of  an  uiiliuowti  Indian 
tree,  not  possessed  of  any  remarkable  smell  or 
taste,  or  of  any  appearance  of  resinous  matter. 
It  has  been  extolled,  notwithstanding,  in  cases  of 
colliquative  diarrhoea.  Gaubius  compares  its  ac- 
tion to  that  of  simarouba,  but  thinks  it  more 
efficacious. 

LOPHADIA,  Lophia. 

LOPHIA,  Lophd'diri,  'Soipia.  The  upper  part 
of  the  neck.  The  first  vertebra  of  the  back  — 
Ver'tehi-ft  dorm'  prima. — Gorraus. 

LOPIMA.  Fagus  castanea. 

LOQUACITY,  Garni' Utitu ;  from  loqxinr,  'I 
speak.  (P.)  Bablllcmeiil.  The  act  of  speaking 
with  volubility.  It  is  sometimes  a  symptom  of 
disease,  and  is  observable  in  hysteria,  &c. 

LOQUELA.  Voice,  articulated  —  1.  Abolita. 
Aphonia — 1.  Blajsa,  Balbuties  —  1.  Impedita,  Ba- 
ryphonia. 

LORDO'SIS,  Lordo'nia,  from  Aopi^oj,  'curved,' 
'bent.'  Repa»da'tii>,  Itepaii'ditan.  A  name  given 
to  curvatures  of  the  bones  in  general;  and  j)ar- 
tieularly  to  that  of  the  vertebral  column  forwards  ; 
Spina  domi  iiitror'niim  Jlr.ra,  Emprosthoci/rto'ma. 
This  gives  rise  to  the  projection  of  the  sternum 
called  cliickeu-bre.astcd  i)r  ptijfon-bri'aMed.  Pec- 
tus carina'tum.  Piii"e<>ii  fireaxt,  narrow  client. 

LORIND  MATRI'CLS,  Epilep'aia  iitcri'na, 
Coiivulii'viis  ute'ri  inorhim,  A  barbarous  name 
given  to  a  pretended  epilepsy  of  the  womb. 

LORIPES,  see  Kvllosis. 

LORUS,  Hydrargyrum. 

LOT,  Urine. 

LOTA  MOLVA.  see  Oleum  jecoris  aselli  —  1. 
Vulgaris,  see  Oleum  jecoris  aselli. 

LOTIO,  Enema,  Lotion  —  1.  Cupri  sulphatis 
camphorata.  Lotion,  camphorated,  of  Bates  —  1. 
Rubra,  Lotion,  camphorated,  of  Bates. 

LoTio  RuBliA,  Kc<l  icash,  (lli/drarfj.  vhlorid. 
corrosii\  gr.  xviii  ;  //.  milphnreli  riihr.  gr.  ix  ; 
Creasof.  V(\^  vi ;  AijiifE  f,^viij.  Miy  be  used  in 
the  proportion  of  f _^j ;  to  from  f3i  to  f^iij  of 
water ;  like  the  yellow  wash. 

Lotto  Saj'onacea,  see  Sapo. 

LO'TION,  Lo'tio,  Lofii'ra,  from  hivare  lofiim, 
'to  wash.'  (F.)  Hijdro/otif.  Hi/drol^..  A  fluid 
external  application.  Lotions  are  ordinarily  ap- 
plied by  wetting  linen  in  them  and  keeping  it  on 
the  part  affected. 

LoTios,  Barlow's,  Lotion  of  Snlph'uret  of 
potass'iKm.  (Potanaii  anlphnr.  ^^iij  ;  S'aport.  ^iss; 
Aq.  Calcix,  f\^viiss;  alcohol,  dibit,  f^^ij.  M.) 
Used  in  various  chronic  cutaneous  diseases. 

Lotion',  C\MPH'onATi;D,  op  Batks,  Bates  s 
camph'orated  water,  Lo'tio  eiipri  milplia'tis  cam- 
phora'ta,  Lo'tio  rubra.  Red  wank.  {Cupri  sidphat. 
,!^ij  ;  Bol.  riibr.  ^\]  ;  Camphor,  .^ss  ;  Aq.  bullient. 
Oij.  Strain  through  linen,  f  i^ij  of  this,  added 
to  f.^iv  of  water,  forms  Bafrs'n  Colh/rium,  Col- 
lyr'ium  Batea'num,  which  may  also  be  made  ex- 
temporaneously as  follows  :  —  Cupri  nulphat.  gr. 
viij  :  boli,  gr.  viij  :  Camphor,  gr.  ij  ;  Aq.  bullient. 
f^viij.     Mix  and  filter. 

Lotion,  Fi;bi;ri;'s.  A  cancer  remedy,  which 
consisted  of  amenie,  gr.  x;  water,  0 j ;  extract  of 


hcmhich,  3)  ;  Liquor  Plumbi  eubacclatis,  fsiii' 
laudanum,  {^i. 

Lotion,  Gowlanu'.s.  An  empirical  prepara- 
tion. { Hitter  almondn,  ^y,  »",'/"*•,  5 ij  ;  dimilUd 
water,  tbij.  Grind  together,  strain,  and  add  cor. 
rosive  Hublimate,  ^ij,  previously  ground  wiih  up. 
vini  rect.  ^ij.)      Used  in  obstinate  eruplion.s. 

Lotion,  Gkanvillk's  Countku- Iiiuitant, 
Graiivilie'n  Lotion,  Graurille's  antid'yiioiis  toliuu. 

Of  this  lotion,  Dr.  Granville  gives  two  forms a 

milder,  and  a  stronger.  The  milder  is  made  ns 
follows  :  Liq.  amnion,  fort,  f  ^j  ;  iSp.  Roeiiairin, 
f  ^vj  ;  Tinct.  camphor,  f^ij,  IM. 

The  «^/v)»'/er  is  made  as  follows:  Liq.  ammmi, 
fort,  f^x;   Sjiir.  JioKinar.  i'^ss;    Tinet.  camphia; 

The  stronger  lotion  vesicates  rapidly.  A  piece 
of  cotton  or  linen  folded  six  or  seven  tinie.«,  or  a 
piece  of  thick  flannel  may  be  imbued  with  tliciii, 
and  laid  for  a  few  minutes  011  the  part  to  be  irri- 
tated. 

The  Dublin  Pharmacopoeia  has  a  Linimen'lum 
Aninio'nics  Compon'itum,  Comjionnd  Liniment  of 
Ammonia,  which  is  a  close  imitation  of  Gran- 
vi/le'n  Lotion. 

Lotion,  HannAy's,  Prereu'tire  wash.  Tliis 
famous  nostrum  for  the  prevention  of  venereal 
infection,  was  nothing  more  than  a  solution  of 
caustic  potass. 

Lotion,  IlYnnocyAN'ic,  Lotio  Ac"idi  Hydro. 

eyan'iri.  {Hydrocyanic  acid,  f^iv;  rectified  npiril 
of  mine,  f^j  ;  dintilled  ivater,  f  ijxss.)  Used  with 
much  success  in  impetigo,  .fee. 

Lotion,  Stuuvb's,  for  IloopiNG-Coutiii.  {An- 
fiin.  et  PotaHH.  tart.  ^y.  Aqua,  ^ij.  Add  tinct. 
cautharid.  3J.) 

LOTIUM,   Urine. 

LOTURA.  Lotion. 

LOTUS  SYLVESTRIS,  Trifolium  mclilotus— 
1.  Virginiana,  Diospyros  Virginiana. 

LOUCHEMENT,  Strabismus. 

LOUCHES.  see  Strabismus. 

LOUPE,  Wen. 

LOUSE,  Pediculus. 

LOUSINESS,  Phtheiriasis. 

LOUSY  DISEASE,  Phtheiriasis. 

LOliTRON,  Bath. 

LOVAGE,  Ligusticum  levisticum. 

LOVE.  Eros,  Amor,  from  Sax.  lupian,  (0.) 
li  eben,  '  to  love.'  (F.)  Amour.  A  tender  and 
elevated  feeling,  which  attracts  one  sex  to  the 
other.  Love  is  occasionally  a  cause  of  disease, 
especially  of  insanity. 

Love  Apple  Plant,  Solanum  lycopersiouin  — 
1.  Begot,  Illegitimate — 1.  Child,  Illegitimate  — 1. 
Pea,  Abrns  precatorius. 

LOW  SPIRITS,  Ilvpochondriasis. 

LOWER.  TUBERCLE  OF,  Tuber'cuhim  Lmr. 
eri.  Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  a  siiiidl 
projection,  the  existence  of  which  is  by  no  means' 
constant,  and  which  is  found  in  the  sinus  venosus, 
between  the  superior  and  inferior  cava. 

LOXAR'TIIRUS,  Loxar'thrum,  from  M^u 
'oblique,'  and  apSpnv,  'articulation.'  (F.)  Perrer- 
sion  de  la  tele  des  os  et  des  mtiscles.  A  vicious 
deviation  or  direction  of  the  joints,  without  spasm 
or  luxation, — as  in  clubfoot. 

LOXIAS,  Torticollis. 

LOXOPIITIIALMUS,  Strabismus. 

LOZANGIA.  Lozenge. 

LOZENGE,  Tahella. 

LOZENGES.  BARK,  Tabellx  eincbontc- 1. 
of  Catechu  and  magnesia,  Tabellae  antiiiioninlcs 
KunckeMi  —  1.  Faustinus's,  Faustini  pastilli  —  1. 
for  the  Heart-burn,  Trochisci  carbonatis  cab-is  — 
I.  Magnesia,  Tabellm  de  magnesia, — 1.  of  Marsh- 
mallows,  Tabellae  de  althaea- 1.  of  Oxalic  acid, 
Tahellre  acidi  oxalici  —  1.  Pectoral,  black,  Tro- 
chisci glycyrrhizte  glabra — 1.  Pectoral,  of  euje- 


LUBIDO 


555 


LUMBI 


tine,  Trochisci  emetinae  pectornles  —  1.  Rhubarb,  * 
TubuUic  (le  rhoo  —  1.  of  Scaininony  and  senna,  j 
cdinpouml,  Tabellte  de  scaminouio  et  scnn^ — 1. 
Spitta's,  ste  Trochisci  glycyrrhizne  cum  opio  —  1. 
Steel,  TabcliiC  de  ferro  —  1.  Steel,  aroiii;uic,  see 
Talieliie  de  ferro— 1.  Sulphur,  simple,  TabelUe  de 
sulpliure  wiinpliccs  —  1.  Sulphur,  eoinpDund,  Ta- 
bellie  de  sulpliure  conipositae  —  1.  of  Sulphuret 
of  antimony,  Tabelhe  antiiuDniales  Kunckelii — 
1.  \Vist:ir's,  Trochisci  K'ycyrrhizaj  cum  opio  —  1. 
WiirMi.  (,'liiiig'si,  see  Wonii  lozenges.  ('Cliing's.) 

LUlilDO,  Libido — 1.  lutestiui,  Voluntas  dese- 
dendi. 

LUHRrCANTIA,  Demulcents,  Emollients. 

LUBRICUM  CAPUT,  I'enis. 

LUCCA,  MINl'iHAL  WATERS  AND  CLI- 
MATE OP.  The  b;itii3  and  waters,  near  this 
ancient  Italian  city,  have  been  long  celebrated. 
Tliey  are  thermal,  and  resemble,  in  properties, 
tliDse  of  l'lombi(5res  in  France,  and  of  Bath 
Eiigliind.  They  contain  carbonic  acid,  sulphates 
of  alumina,  soda,  magnesia,  and  iron.  There  are 
ten  different  sources,  tlie  temperature  of  which 
varies  from  91°  to  1:^0°  Fahr.  " 

Lucca  is  much  frequented  in  summer;  partly 
on  account  of  its  mineral  waters,  but  more  on 
account  of  the  coolness  of  the  situation. 

LUCID,  Ln'cidici,  from  luceo,  'I  shine.'  In 
medicine,  the  word  lucid  is  particularly  applied 
to  the  iiiterrii/ii,  fiifcrvcil'la  hi'rlda,  of  apparent 
reason,  which  occur  ivi  mental  alienation. 

LUCIFER -MATCH -MAKERS'  DISEASE, 
see  Phosphorus. 

LUCIF'UGUS,  from  hix,  Inch,  'light,'  and 
fiKjere,  'to  shun.'  PliDtnph'ithus,  PhutojJioh'iciis. 
Dreading  or  avoiding  the  light. 

LUCINA,  Ilithyia. 

LUCOMANIA,  Lyeanthropia. 

LUCTUEUX{¥.),  Liwtiio'snx,  'in(mrnful.' 
Plnt'iitine.  An  epithet  applied  to  the  respiration 
— »(F.)  li  cup!  rati  (J  II  liictuense — when  accompanied 
by  moiuiing. 

LUCUMA,  (S.)  A  fruit  which  grows  in  the 
Bnutliern  provinces  of  the  coast  of  Peru,  and  the 
north  of  Ciiili.  It  is  round ;  and  the  gray-brown 
busk  encloses  a  fibrous,  dry,  yellow-coloured  fruit 
with  its  kernel. — Tschudi. 

LUCUMORIA'NUS,  probablyfrom  ?r.r,  'light,' 
and  morari,  'to  tarry.'  Continuing  for  several 
days:  hence,  Dnniiit"io  hiciniioriu'iia.  A  morbid 
sleep  persisting  for  several  davs. 

LUDUS  HELMON'TII,  L,  Parncel'>,i,  Fel 
terrcB.  A  calcareous  stone,  the  precise  nature  not 
Itnown,  which  was  used  by  the  ancients  in  calcu- 
lous affections.  The  term  was  also  applied  to 
every  species  of  calculous  concretion  occurring 
in  the  animal  body. 

Li'Diis  P,vn,\('Ki,si,  L.  Ilelmontii. 

LUDWIG'IA  PALUS'TRIS,  L.uit'idc,  lunar'- 
did  jxdus'tris,  ]V<itpr  Pi(rn/<iitie,  Plithisis  Weed. 
Order,  Onagraceje  ;  indigenous.  An  infusion  of 
the  dried  i)lant  has  been  used  as  a  pectoral  in 
ustluuii  and  chronic  cough. 

LUES,  Disease,  Plague,  Syphilis  —  1.  Divina, 
Epilepsy — 1.  Dysenterica,  Dysentery — 1.  Gonor- 
rlioica.  Gonorrhoea  impura — 1.  Gutturis  epidemi- 
ca,  Cynanche  maligna  —  1.  Indica,  Framboesia — 
1.  Inguinaria,  Plague — 1.  Pannoniie,  Fever,  Hun- 
pary — 1.  Polonica,  Plica — 1.  Sarmatica.  Plica — 1. 
Syphilis,  Syphilis— 1.  Syphilodes,  Syphilis  pseu- 
do-syphilis— 1.  Trichomatica,  Plica — 1.  Venerea, 
Syphilis — 1.  Scorbutica,  see  Purpur.a. 

LUETTE,  Uvula  — Z.  Vesicide,  see  Urinary 
bladder. 

LUG,  Ear. 

LTMJDUS.  Erysipelas. 

LU.JULA,  Oxalis  acetoselln. 

LULLADY  SPEECH.  Lallation. 

LUMBA'GO,  from  lumhi,  '  the  loins.'  Arthru'- 


nia  himhn'rnm,  Lumhngo  seu  Nephrnl'gia  rJien- 
mnt'ica,  liarliirrheii'iiKi,  Rachiorrheu'mu,  Jilieu- 
mcitia'iiina  dumu'lis.  Oxphyrrheu'ma.  Rheuma- 
tism affecting  the  lumbar  region. 

Liiiiihn'f/o  p/ioi(d'icn,  L.  apontemnfc/iin,  L.  nb 
nrthriti'uce.  Pain  in  the  loins  from  abscess.  See 
Psoitis. 

LiMBAGO  A  Nisu,  see  Effort. 

LUMBAR,  Lnitdin'rii  seu  Liimhri'lin,  (F.)  Lnm- 
haire.  From  lumhi,  'the  loins.'  Belonging  or 
having  reference  to  the  loins. 

Lumbar  Absckss,  Punas  tihscens,  Ajjoxte'ina 
pioal'icitin,  Ahuces'ans  htmho'rnni,  ilorhiis  psond'- 
ic.iia.  This  abscess  is  so  called  from  the  matter 
being  found  on  the  side  of  the  psoas  muscle,  (T 
betwixt  that  and  the  iliacus  internus.  lUtween 
these  muscles  is  a  quantity  of  loose,  areolar  sub- 
stance; and  when  an  abscess  takes  place  there, 
it  can  find  no  outlet  except  by  a  distant  course. 
Generally,  it  descends  along  the  psoas  muscle, 
forming  a  swelling  immediately  beneath  Pon- 
part's  ligament;  at  times,  however,  it  extends 
down  the  thigh  under  the  fiiscia.  Severe  hectic 
follows  the  bursting  of  the  abscess,  and  oi'tcn 
death.  Its  causes  are,  —  scrofula,  injury  to  the 
loins,  &c. 

When,  from  the  pain  of  the  back  continuing 
for  some  time,  with  other  symptoms,  the  disease 
is  suspected,  caustics,  or  the  nioxa.  apj)lied  oy»- 
posite  the  transverse  processes  of  the  lumbar  ver- 
tebne,  may  l)e  recommended;  and,  when  the  ab- 
scess is  ready  for  opening,  it  may  bo  emptied  by 
repeated  discharges  of  the  matter,  thrnngh  a 
small  opening,  made  with  a  lancet,  or  small, 
lancet-pointed  trocar.  The  medical  treatment 
consists  in  supporting  the  system,  under  the 
great  restorative  efforts  reipiired  of  it. 

LuMBAu  AuTKUii;s  are  four  or  five  in  number 
on  each  side.  They  arise  from  the  sides  of  the 
abdominal  aorta,  and  pass  behind  the  niusolrs 
situate  in  front  of  the  lumbar  portion  of  the  sjiine, 
to  gain  the  broail  muscles  of  the  abdomen.  They 
give  off,  1.  Spinal  branches.  2.  Anterior,  poste- 
rior, and  external  muscular  branches. 

LuMBAit  Nuitvi'is  are  five  in  number,  and  issue 
from  the  vertebral  column  by  the  spinal  foramina 
of  the  loins.  The  first  lumbar  nerve  gives  otF 
three  branches  : — the  extenml  or  illo-^vrntal ;  the 
middle  or  iii'jHi>io-ciil((iicoiis,  and  the  interval  or 
infra-pnhian.  Along  with  the  three  pairs  below 
it,  it  forms  the  lumbar  plexus. 

Lt^MBAR  PlRXIS,  Portion  Inmhnire  d>i  plp.viin 
crural  (  Ch.  ),  Plexus  Lomho-(djdtiminnl.  This 
plexus  is  formed  by  the  union  of  the  Jiami  rom- 
muuican'tes  of  the  anterior  branches  of  the  first 
four  lumbar  nerves.  It  is  situate  behind  the  psoas 
muscle,  and  before  the  transverse  processes  of 
the  lumbar  vertebrte.  It  furnishes,  besides  the 
branches  which  proceed  fr(un  the  first  pair,  seve- 
ral filaments,  that  are  distributed  to  the  psoas 
muscle,  to  the  iliacus,  the  integments,  and  glands 
of  the  groin;  and  three  great  l>ranches — the  oh- 
ral,  obturator,  and   Inmho-incral. 

LiTMBAK  Rkoion.  Lumbi. 

Li^MBAU  ViciNS  have  an  arrangement  analogous 
to  that  of  the  arteries  of  the  same  name.  They 
communicate  with  the  vertebral  sinuses,  azygcus 
veins.  &c.,  and  pass  into  the  vena  cava  inferior. 

LUMBARIS  EXTERXUS.  Quadratus  lumbo- 
rum — 1.  Internus,  Psoas  magnus. 

LUMBI,  The  loin  or  loinn.  Lumbar  region, 
(Old  Eng.)  Lende,  (So.)  Lendis .-  Re'yio  'hm,- 
lia'liD,  Lap'ara,  P»oa,  plural  PnoeP,  Oupliif, 
Rtiun,  (F.)  Loiiibes.  The  jiosterior  regions  of  t;  e 
abdomen,  composed  between  the  base  of  the  chc'-t 
and  the  pelvis.  The  parts  which  enter  into  the 
formation  of  the  lumbar  region  are,^the  Rbin;  a 
considerable  quantity  of  areolar  texture:  broad 
and  strong  aponeuroses;  —  the  Latimsimut  Durni, 


LUMBO-SACRAL 


5r)G 


LUTE 


OhUqints  externun.  i\n(\  Ohlu/Kun  hilerfnin  alxhnii!- 
nls,  Truustersdlla  iihdoiiiiiiis,  Qiitnlrdttin  litmho- 
rum,  and  the  tna?.«  common  totlie  Sdcro-liiiiihidii, 
Longhsimns  doml,  and  MuliiJidiiK  HpincR.  These 
muscles  surround  the  lumbar  region  of  the  verte- 
liral  column.  The  vessels,  nerves,  &c.,  of  the 
loins,  are  called  Jimilar. 

LUMBO-SACRAL.  Belonging  to  the  lumbar 
and  sacral  regions.  (F.)  Lombo-ancre.  Bichat 
calls  thus  .a  very  large  nerve,  given  off  from  the 
anterior  branch  of  the  fifth  lumbar  pair,  which 
descends  into  the  pelvis  before  the  sacrum  to  join 
the  sciatic  plexus. 

LUMBRICA'LIS,  Vermicidn'vh.  Resembling 
a  Intubricits,  or  '  earthworm.'  A  name  given  to 
small  muscles,  (F.)  Lombricaii^,  met  with  in  the 
palm  of  the  hand  and  sole  of  the  foot. 

LuMBRICAI.KS  Manus,  Fid iciua'len,  Flexor  pri- 
nii  iiiteriio'dii  digito'rum  mauds  seu  per/ora'tit/t 
liinibrica'lin,  (F.)  Annul! -tendino-plinhitigiena, 
Pahiii-pJinlangieus.  Four  small,  fleshy,  thin, 
round,  long,  fusiform  fasciculi,  situate  in  the 
palm  of  the  hand,  and  distinguished  into  first, 
second,  third,  and  fourth,  counting  from  without 
to  within.  They  arise  from  the  tendons  of  the 
flexor  communis  digitorum,  and  are  inserted  at 
the  outer  and  posterior  side  of  the  superior  ex- 
tremity of  the  first  phalanges  of  the  last  four  fin- 
gers. These  muscles  bend  the  fingers  on  the 
metacarpus,  and  fix  the  tendons  of  the  flexor 
digitorum  communis. 

LuMBiucALES  Pbdis,  (F.)  Plauti-teudi'no-pJifi- 
linii/ieun,  I'/aiiti-sous-p/ialnug{fns,  (Ch.)  They 
are  analogous  to  those  of  the  hand  in  form,  num- 
ber, and  arrangement.  They  increase  the  flexion 
of  the  toes,  and  draw  them  inwards. 

LUMBRICUS,  Ascaris  lumbricoides  —  1.  La- 
tiis,  Bothriocephalus  latus,  Taenia  solium  —  1. 
Teres  hominis.  Ascaris  lunibricoi<les. 

LUMBUS  VENERIS,  Achillea  millefolium. 
LUMEN,    Light,    Pupil— 1.  Constans,    Phos- 
phorus.    ^ 

LUMfERE,  Light. 
LUMINOSITY,  Phosphorescence. 
LUNA,  Argentum,    Moon  —  1.  Albini,    Sciatic 
notch,  lesser  —  1.  Imperfecta,  Bismuth  —  1.  Pota- 
bilis.  Argenti  nitras. 
LUNACY,  see  Lunatic. 
LUNAR,  Lunatic. 

LUNA'RE  OS.   Oh  aemiluna're.      The  second 
bone  in  the  upper  row  of  the  carpus. 
LUNARIA,  Menses. 

Lu.va'uia  Rkdivj'va.  Leuco'ium,  Bnlbonnch, 
SiiliH,  Honesty.  Said,  by  Ray,  to  be  a  warm 
diuretic. 

LUNARIS,  Lunatic. 

LU'NATIC,  Lniwt'icus,  Luna'ria,  Ltma'rius, 
Lunar,  from  hum,  'the  moon.'  Relating  to  the 
moon.  An  epithet  given  to  diseases  which  are 
supposed  to  appear  at  certain  phases  of  the  moon, 
or  to  those  who  are  affected  by  them.  The  term 
lunatic  (Moou'ed,  Afoonstrufk,  Svlenoble'tns),  is  re- 
stricted to  one  labouring  under  lunacy  or  mental 
alienation,  Denien'tin  acciilcnta'b'n  seu  adven- 
tif'ia,  that  is,  under  any  form  unsoundness  of 
mind,  except  idiocy.  In  law,  a  lunatic  is  one 
who  has  had  an  understanding,  but  by  disease, 
grief,  or  other  accident,  has  lost  the  use  of  bis 
reason,  and  become  non  compos  mentis  or  nan 
compoR. 

LUNATICUS,  Epileptic,  Lunatic,  Somnam- 
bulist. 

LUNATISMUS,  Somnambulism. 
LUNE,  Moon—/.  d'Eau,  Nymphaea  alba. 
LUNELLA,  Hypopyon. 
LUNES.  Men.ses. 

LUNETTES  ORDINAIRE^,  Spectacles. 
LUNG,  Pulmo — 1.  Black,  of  coal  miners,  An- 
thracosis — 1.  Cancer  of  the,  Phthisis,  cancerous. 


Lfxo  Fkvkr,  Catarrh,  Pneumonia. 

Li'XG,  Pi;uF<)r!ATiN(j  AnscKss  op  tiik.  a  pu- 
rulent collection,  which  forms  exterior  to  the 
lung,  and  afterwards  perforates  its  tissue,  so  tiiat 
it  is  evacuted  through  the  bronchial  tubes. 

Lung  PiiooF,  Docimasia  pulmonum — I.  Wort 
Pulinonaria — 1.  M'ort,  cow's,  Vcrbascum  nigrum 
— 1.  Wort,  tree.  Lichen  piilmonarius. 

LUNULA.  Onyx — 1.  Unguium,  see  Nail  —  I. 
Scapula?,  Notch,  scapular. 

LUNYIE,  Lumbi. 

LUNYIE-BANE,  Ischion. 

LUPIA,  Encystis,  Wen  —  1.  Junctura,  Spina 
vent  OS  a.. 

LUPI'NUS.  Under  this  term  the  u-hiir  hipin, 
Ltipi'nus  ol'bns  seu  saii'vu-t,  Ord.  Lcguiiiinosaj, 
is  meant,  in  some  pharmacopoeias.  The  seeds, 
which  were  much  eaten  in  the  days  of  Pliny  and 
of  Galen,  are  now  neglected.  The  meal  is,  how- 
ever, occasionally  used  as  an  anthelmintic,  and 
as  a  cataplasm. 

LU'POID,  Lnpoi'des,  badly  compounded  from 
lu])ii8,  and  ciSos,  'resemblance.'  Resembling,  or 
having  the  character  of,  lupus. 

LUPULI'NA,  Lu'pnlin,  Lupulin'ic  glands.  A 
substance  which  exists  in  Hunmlus  Inpufus  or 
hop.  It  is  in  the  form  of  small,  shining,  yellow- 
ish grains,  which  cover  the  base  of  the  scales  of 
the  hop;  is  pulverulent,  and  of  an  aroniatio 
odour.  When  analyzed,  it  is  found  to  contain 
resin,  volatile  oil  in  small  quantity,  and  a  bitter 
principle —  Lnp>nlite.  It  is  aromatic  and  tonic, 
and — according  to  some — narcotic. 

LUPULINIC  GLANDS.  Lupulina. 

LUPULITE,  see  Lupulina. 

LUPULUS,  Humulus  lupulus  —  1.  Communis, 
Huniulus  lupulus — 1.  Salictarius,  Humulus  lupu- 
lus^l.  Scandens,  Humulus  lupulus. 

LUPUS,  '  the  wolf.'  So  named  from  its  rapa- 
city. Lupus  ex'edens  seu  thorax  seu  dev'ornns, 
Jacob's  Ulcer,  Ulcus  Tuhcreulo'sum,  Cancer  seu 
Pliymato'sia  lupus,  Noli  me  tnng"ere.  Tubercular 
excrescences,  with  ragged,  spreading  ulcerations, 
chiefly  about  the  alae  nasi,  where  they  destroy 
the  skin,  &,c.,  for  some  depth.  Sometimes  they 
appear  in  the  cheek,  circularly,  or  in  the  shape 
of  a  sort  of  ringworm,  destroying  the  substance, 
and  leaving  a  deep  and  deformed  cicatrix.  The 
knife  or  caustic  should  be  used  to  separate  the 
sound  from  the  morbid  parts.  Arsenic  has  been 
given  internally  with  advantage.  See,  also. 
Herpes  exedens,  and  Lycoides. 

Lupus  Canouosus,  Cancer  —  1.  Devorans,  see 
Lupus — 1.  Exedens,  Lupus — 1.  Varicosus,  Ntevi 
— 1.  Vorax,  Herpes  exedens,  see  Lupus. 

LURCO,  Glutton. 

LURID,  Lu'ridus.  Pale,  yellow,  sallow, — 
applied  to  the  complexion. 

LURKEY-DISH,  Mentha  pulegium, 

LUROR,  Paleness. 

LUS,  Sacrum. 

LUSCIOSITAS,  Luscitas,  Myopia. 

LUSCIOSUS,  norgne,  Myops. 

LUS'CITAS,  Lusc'ios'itas,  Luscit"ie«,  Luscit"- 
ion,  from  hiscus,  '  a  blinkard,'  Iwciosits,  '  dim- 
sighted.'  Strabismus.  The  term  has  also  been 
given  to  any  case  of  obliquity  in  which  the  eye 
is  fixed  in  an  unnatural  position. — Beer.  The 
obliquity  termed  Coch-eye  is  a  form  of  Luscitas. 

LUSCITIES,  Luscitas. 

LUSCUS,  Bonpie. 

LUSS.  Pitvriasis. 

LUSTRAMENTUM,  Cathartic. 

LUr,  Lute. 

LUTE,  Lntnm  ('mud'),  Cmmentnm.  (F.)  Lut. 
A  composition  employed  either  for  closing  aper- 
tures in  a  pharmaceutical  instrument,  or  for 
covering  the  surface  of  retorts,  tubes,  kc,  which 
have  to  support  a  great  degree  of  heat.     Lutes 


LUTEOLA 


5  7 


LYCOPUS 


are  composcl  difTerently,  according  to  the  olijcet 
to  lio  accomplished.  Commonly,  they  are  made 
of  linseed  meal  and  starch.  The  fa  I  lute  is  formed 
iif  clay  and  dryin;;  oil.  Sometimes,  tlie  white  of 
("if^  and  lime  are  used;  and  that  which  is  em- 
iiloyed  for  coverinjj  vessels,  intended  to  be 
ttroni^ly  heated,  is  made  of  clay,  sifted  sand,  and 
water. 
•  LUTEOLA,  Reseda  luteola. 
LUTKUS,  Yellow. 

liUTRON,  Aoirpov.      A  bath.      Also,  an  oph- 
thaliiiic  medicine. — Galen. 
LUX,  Li,i,'ht. 

LUXA'l'IO,  Luxation — 1.  Imperfecta,  Sprain. 
LUXA'TION,  Ehixa'tion,  from  litxnre,  lii.r<c- 
tiim,  'to  put  out  of  place.'  Dinloca'tion,  Olhthe'- 
)«'(,  yipoped'tiiln,  Lnxii'tio,  D'mloca'tio,  Ec'clisis, 
Streni'iii'i,  Luiatii'rn,  Ectop'i'a,  Ecpto'sin,  Elap- 
giin,  Li/i/iu'wiis,  Emo'tio,  Ec'staaii,  Exarthre'ma, 
E.  lnxii'tio,  Exurthro' ma,  Exfirthro'xis,  Exo'sis, 
Erulhe'tle,  Paratop'ia,  Slreblo'nis,  Deloca'tio, 
Ex'irticiila'ti'o,  (F.)  Lux'iti'on,  Dislocation,  De- 
hnitement,  A  displacement  of  a  part  from  its 
proper  situation.  A  putting  out  of  joint.  A 
displacement  of  two  or  more  bones,  whose  arti- 
cular surfaces  have  lost,  wholly,  or  in  part,  their 
natural  connexion ;  either  owing  to  external  vio- 
lence, {accidental  luxation,)  or  to  disease  of  some 
of  the  parts  about  the  joint  (npontaneous  hixatiov.) 
Luxation  is  complete  when  the  bones  have  entirely 
lost  their  natural  connexion  ;  incomplete,  when 
they  partly  preserve  it;  and  compound,  when  a 
wound  communicates  with  the  luxated  joint. 
The  fjencral  indications  of  treatment,  are;  —  1. 
To  reduce  the  protruded  bone  to  its  original 
place.  2.  To  retain  it  in  situ.  .3.  To  obviate 
any  attendant  or  consequent  symptoms. 

To  reduce  requires  extension,  counter-exten- 
sion, and  coaptation. 

LUXEUIL.  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Saline 
waters,  at  the  town  of  Luxeuil,  at  the  foot  of  the 
Vosgos,  in  the  department  of  Haute  Saone.  Five 
springs  are  thermal,  and  two  cold.  They  seem 
to  contain  carbonic  acid,  carbonates  of  iron  and 
lime,  and  chloride  of  sodium  ;  and  are  employed 
as  ap.'rient,  tonic,  and  stimulant. 

LUZ.  Sacrum. 

LYCAN'CIlE,  Ltjcan'rhin.  from  Aixo?,  'a  wolf,' 
and  ayx^ii),  'I  strangle.'  Wolf  qui  nyy.  Wolf  rhonk  ; 
—  as  Ci/nanchc  means  Do<j  choak.  Also,  hydro- 
phobia.    See  Lvcoitdes. 

LYCANCIIIS,  Lycanche. 

LYOAXTIIROPE,  see  Lycanthropia. 

LYCANTIIRO'PIA,  from  \vko(,  'a  wolf,'  and 
av^pu-aof,  'a  man:'  Li/co'ou,  Inna'nia  hipi'na,  Ly- 
coma'nia.  A  variety  of  melancholy,  in  which 
the  person  believes  himself  to  be  changed  into  a 
wolf,  and  imitates  the  voice  and  habits  of  that 
animal.  One  so  circumstanced  is  called  a  Ly'- 
cantlirope,  Lifcanthro'pus. 

LYCAXTilROPUS,  see  Lycanthropia. 

LYCAOX,  Lvcanthropia. 

LYCIIXTDIU.M,  Biolychnium. 

LYCHNIS  GITIIA'GO,  Agmstem'mn  rjilha'go, 
Corn  cockle.  Roue  campion.  A  naturalized  Euro- 
pean plant.  Old.  Caryophyllaceoe.  The  seeds 
are  somewhat  acrid,  but  not  poisonous.  They 
were,  at  one  time,  employed  in  cutaneous  dis- 
eases, and  in  hemorrhage,  and  as  a  topical  appli- 
cation to  ulcers  and  fistuliv. 

LvoH.vis  Officinalis,  Saponaria — 1.  Sylvestris, 
Saponaria. 

LYCIINIUM,  Biolychnium. 

LY'CIU.M,  AvKiov.  A  medicinal  substance,  an- 
ciently obtained  from  the  roots  and  branches  of  a 
thorny  shrub  growing  in  Lycia.  It  was  astrin- 
gent, and  used  in  dysentery,  ulcers  of  the  gums, 
&c.  I>y  some,  it  has  been  cousidered  to  be  the 
catechu. 


LYCOI'DES,    Lyro'des,  from    \vkos,   'a   wolf,' 

and  £((5of,  'form.'     Lupo  nim'iHs.     An  epithet  for 

I  a  species  of  cynanche,  called,  also,  Lupun,  and 

I  Strani/ula'tor,  and  absurdly  attributed  to  exccs- 

I  sive  retention  of  sperm  in  its  reservoirs  and  its 

p.issage  into  the  blood  [?]. — Galen. 

LYCOMANIA,  Lycanthropia. 

LYCOPE  DE  VIROINIE,  Lycopus  Yirgini- 
cus. 

LYCOPER'DON,  from  Xv<cof,  'a  wolf,'  and 
7r£p(5u),  'I  break  wind;'  L.  Bovin'ta  seu  An-hi'zon 
seu  Globo'num,  Dovin'ta,  Crep'itna  Lupi,  Fundus 
Chinn-f/o'nnn,  Puff-ball,  Bull  Fisti,  MoI'lipiiffH, 
(Prov.)  Puff,  (Si;.)  Deil'x  Hiinffbox,  (¥.)  VexKcloup. 
Ord.  Fungi.  The  puff-ball  dries  into  a  very  tine, 
light  brownish  dust,  which  is  sometimes  used  as  :v 
mechanical  styptic  to  arrest  hemorrhage. 

Lycopeudon  Arrhizon,  Lycoperdun  • — 1.  Cer- 
vinum,  Elaphomyces  granulatus  —  1.  Globosum, 
Lycoperdon — 1.  Gulosorum,  L.  Tuber. 

LvcoPEnnoN  Pho'tkhs,  Common  puff-ball.  The 
fumes  of  this  substance  have  been  found  to  pro- 
duce an'sesthetization  an  animals. 

Lycopf.r'don  Tuber,  L.  Guloso'rum,  Tnhrr 
Ai/riocas'tanuin  seu  Ciba'rinm  seu  GuloHo'rnm  seu 
Nigrum,  Tu'bera  Terra,  Trubn,  Truffle,  (pro- 
nounced troojle,)  (F.l  Truffe.  A  fleshy,  firm 
body,  unknown  in  its  mode  of  reproduction, 
which  is  found  under  ground,  especially  in  dif- 
ferent parts  of  France,  Italy,  &c.,  and  is  much 
esteemed  as  an  aliment.  It  seems  to  belong  to 
the  champignons,  and  has  a  particular  perfume. 
Aphrodisaic  virtues  have  been  ascribed  to  it. 

A  Virginia  truffle  is  called  Tuckoho. 

LYCOPERSICUM  ESCULENTUM,  Solanum 
lycopersicum  —  1.  Pomum  anioris,  Solanum  lyco- 
persicum — 1.  Tuberosum,  Solanum  tuberosum. 

LYCOPODE.  Lycopodium. 

LYCOPO'DIUM,  from  Awkoj,  'a  wolf,'  andTrouf, 
!ro(^05,  '  a  foot.'  L.  Clavn'tiim  seu  Offciua'le,  Le- 
pido'tis  clava'tn,  Cingula'rin,  Jfuacua  clara'tus. 
Club-moss,  Wolf's-claw,  Witch-meal.  Ord.  Ly- 
copodiaceiK.  This  is  the  largest  of  the  European 
mosses.  The  dust,  which  fills  the  capsules  of  its 
sjjikes,  is  very  inflammable,  and  hence  has  been 
called  Vegetable  Sulphur;  —  and,  also,  Fari'nn 
sou  Pulvis  seu  Semen  seu  Sulphur  Lycopo'dii, 
(P.)  Lycopode,  Sovfre  v(gital.  It  is  used  in  France 
and  in  the  United  States  to  roll  pills  and  boluses 
ill ;  and  in  medicine  is  a  desiccative,  in  the  exco- 
riation to  which  infants  are  liable.  It  is  collected 
chiefly  in  Switzerland  and  Germany  for  commerce. 

LvcoPoniuM  CLAVATUst,  Lycopodium. 

Lycopodium  Co\\pt,\'s&'Tini,CommonClnb-mosi, 
Ground  Pine;  indigenous;  has  the  same  proper- 
ties as  Lyco))odium  selago. 

Lycopo'dtum  Officinale,  L.  clavatum  —  1. 
Recurvum,  L.  Selago. 

Lycopodium  Sela'go,  L.  Recur'vum,  Planan'- 
thus  fastiga'tus  seu  sela'go,  Jlfitsciis  erec'tiis  sen 
Cathar'tieus,  Sela'go,  Upright  Club-moss,  Fir 
Club-moss,  Upright  Fir-moss.  A  decoction  of 
this  plant  acts  violently  as  an  emetic  and  purga- 
tive :  and  was  formerlj',  on  this  account,  used  as 
an  abortive.     It  is  also  employed  to  kill  vermin. 

LY'COPUS,  L.  Virgin'icus  seu  nui/lo'rus  seu 
pii'niila.  Bugleirerd,  M'^ater  Bugle,  Water  Hore- 
hound,  Gypsy  Weed,  Paul's  Bet'nny,  (F.)  Lycopie 
de  Virginie.  This  indigenous  herb,  Se.r.  Sysl. 
Diandri.a  Monogynia,  Nat.  Ord.  Labiatae,  grows 
throughout  the  greater  part  of  the  United  States. 
The  whole  herb  is  said  to  be  slightly  narcotic. 
It  is  given  in  infusion,  (/y!/cojt).  3J  ;  aq.  fervent.  Oj.) 

Lycopus  Pumila,  Lycopus. 

Lycopus  Sinua'tus,  Water  Horehound,  Gypsy 
Weed,  Paul's  Bet'ony,  indigenous,  has  similar 
properties. 

Lycopus  Uniflorus,  L.  pumila  —  1.  Virgini- 
cus,  Lycopus. 


LYCOREXIS 


558 


LYMniOPYRA 


LYCOREXIS.  Fames  lupina. 

LYCOSA  TARENTUIiA,  see  Tarantula. 

LYCOSTOMA,  Ilvperoochasma. 

LYE,  Lixivium,  Ley  —  1.  Dyspeptic,  see  Fuli- 
pokali— 1.  Medical,  see  Fuligokali  —  I.  Tea,  Phy- 
siek's,  see  Fuligokali. 

LYarSMUS.  Luxation. 

LYGMODES,  Singultus. 

LYiiMUS,  Singultus. 

LYtiOUES,  Singultus. 

LYING-IN  STATE,  Parturient  state. 

LYINU-DOWN  STATE,  Parturient  state. 

LYMA,  Lochia;  from  \vw,  'to  wash,'  iilso,  filth 
or  sordos,  (to  be  washed  away. J  >u//u,     Lyme. 

LYME.  Lyma. 

LYMPH,  Li/nipha,  from  vvii<pti,  'water,'  by 
changing  v  into  A.  Wlilfe  hhiod,  Li/niphn  Nii- 
tn't"ia.  A  name  given  to  the  fluid  contained  in 
the  lymphatic  vessels  and  thoracic  duct  of  ani- 
mals, which  have  been  made  to  fast  for  21  hours. 
According  to  Chevreul,  the  lymph  of  the  dog 
contains  water,  fibrin,  albumen,  common  salt, 
Eubcarbonate  of  soda,  phosphates  of  lime  and 
magnesia,  and  carbonate  of  lime.  The  properties 
and  composition  of  lymph  vary  somewhat  ac- 
cording to  the  part  whence  the  lymphatic  vessels 
obtain  it.  Generally,  it  is  under  the  form  of  a 
transparent,  slightly  alkaline  fluid,  sometimes  of 
a  madder-red  or  yellowish  colour, — of  a  spermatic 
odour,  and  saline  taste  ;  soluble  in  water,  —  the 
solution  becoming  turbid,  when  mixed  with  alco- 
hol. When  left  to  itself,  it  coagulates.  The  clot 
or  solid  portion  becomes  of  a  scarlet  red,  if  put 
in  contact  with  oxygon;  and  of  a  purple  red,  if 
placed  in  carbonic  acid. 

Lilce  the  blood,  the  lymph  consists  of  a  fluid — 
Liquor  hjmphcB — in  which  lymph  corpiivcles  or  y/o- 
hidi's  are  suspended. 

The  lymph  is  probably  the  product  of  internal 
absorption  in  different  parts  of  the  body  :  it  then 
flows  along  the  lymphatic  vessels,  uniting  with 
the  chyle,  and  is  poured  with  it  into  the  veins  ; 
thus  becoming  one  of  the  materinls  of  the  blood. 
According  to  others,  the  blood,  when  it  renches 
the  arterial  radicles,  is  diviiled  into  two  portions, 
—  the  one  red,  which  is  carried  to  the  heart,  — 
the  other  serous  or  white,  which  is  absorbed  by 
the  lymphatic  vessels,  and  constitutes  the  lymph. 
By  others,  again,  the  lymphatics  are  considered 
to  be  the  vessels  of  return  for  the  white  blood 
sent  to  certain  tissues.  White  blood,  however, 
has  probably  no  existence. 

Tlie  word  lymph  is  sometimes  used  unhappily 
by  the  surgeon  to  signify  liquor  sanguinis. 

Lymph,  Coagulablk,  Pilirin,  Liquor  sanguinis. 

Lymph  Corpitsclfis,  see  Lymph  —  1.  Globules, 
see  Lymph — 1.  Hearts,  Lymphatic  hearts. 

Lymph.  Plastic,  Liquor  sanguinis. 

LYMPIIA,  Lymph — 1.  Arborum,  see  Sap  —  I. 
Muculenta  nariura.  Nasal  mucus  —  1.  Nutritia, 
Lymph — 1.  Pancreatis,  sec  Pancreas — 1.  Pericar- 
dii, see  Pericardium — 1.  Plastica,  Fibrin. 

LYMPHADENI'TIS:  from  lymph,  iin<l  adeni- 
tis, 'inflammation  of  a  gland.'  Li/famma'tio 
ijlatidnla' nitii  lyniphntica' rxni,  Adeni'tix  lyiiiphat'- 
irn,  (F.)  Adenite  lymphdiipie.  Inflammation  of 
a  lymphatic  ghmd  or  ganglion. 

LY.MPH^nUCTUS,  Lymphatic  vessels. 

LYMPH ANGEITIS,  Angcioleueitis. 

LYMPHANGIA.  Lymphatic  vessels. 

LYMPH  ANGIEC'T  A  SIS,  Lymphpxa-ys'mn  ; 
from  lymph,  ayyttnv,  'a  vessel,' and  cKracii,  'dila- 
tation.'    Dilatation  of  lymphatic  vessels. 

LYMPH  ANGIOG'RA  PHY,  Lymphmujiofjm- 
ph'ia  :  from  lymph,  ayytiov,  'a  vessel,'  and  ypaipri, 
'  a  description.'  A  description  of  the  lymphatic 
vessels. 

LYMPHANGTOITIS,  Aneeioleucitis. 

LYMPHAXGIOL'OGY,    from    Lymphangion, 


'a  lymphatic,'  and  Aoyoj,  'a  description.'  A 
treatise  on  the  lymphatics. 

LY -M PlI  A NGIOT'UM  Y,  Lymphtwjioi„m'i„  ; 
from  lymph,  uyytiov,  '  a  vessel,'  and  Tu^iq,  'inci- 
sion.' Tlie  anatomy  or  dissection  of  the  lym- 
phatic vessels. 

LYM PlIANGITIS,  Angcioleueitis. 

LYMPHANGON'UUS,  Lymphou'cm ;  frotn 
lymph,  ayyciov,  'a  vessel,'  and  oyxoj,  'a  tumour.' 
Tumcf.ictiun  of  the  lymphatics. 

LY.MPllAT'lC,  Lymph,,!' icH^.  That  which 
relates  to  lymph  ;  also,  abounding  in  lymph.  Soo 
Phlegmatic. 

Lympeiatic  IIkaktr,  Lymph  Hcartit.  The  frog 
and  several  other  animals  are  provided  with  lari'o 
receptacles  for  the  lymph  immediately  underneath 
the  skin,  which  exhibit  distinct  and  regular  pul- 
sations like  the  sanguiferous  heart.  Their  use 
appears  to  be — to  propel  the  lymph. 

Lymphatic  Systicm  is  that  particular  system 
of  organs  which  is  inservient  to  tlie  formation  and 
circulation  of  lymph.     These  organs  are: 

1.  Lymphatic  Ganglions  or  Glands,  see 
Conglobate. 

2.  Lymphatic  Vesskls,  Lymphmdac'lHi,  Lym- 
pthnnyi'a,  Lyinphanye'ri,  VencB  lymphat'lrcB,  Diiclita 
Hcro'ni,  Vaxn  lymplnitica  seu  res</rbe>i'ti(t  seu  hy- 
driir/(i't/'i,  HydrciHji'a.  These  are  very  nuinerotis. 
Arising  at  the  surface  of  membranes  and  in  tlie 
tissue  of  the  organs,  they  carry  into  the  veins  the 
lymph  from  those  parts.  Lymphatic  vessels  are 
found  in  every  part  of  the  body.  Wherever  they 
are  met  with,  however,  they  form  two  orders, — 
one  snperficinl,  the  other  deep-seated ; — the  two 
orders  frequently  communicating  with  each  other. 
Lymphatic  vessels  are  generally  sinaller  than 
arteries  iind  veins.  They  are  very  thin,  diapha- 
nous, and  cylindrical ;  but  present,  here  and 
there,  more  or  less  considerable  dil:itatioiis, 
caused  by  valves  in  their  interior.  Tliey  are 
slightly  tortuous  in  their  course ;  their  aiiasto- 
moses  are  very  numerous,  and  they  often  cross 
each  other,  forming  successive  plexuses.  Of  the 
arrangement  of  the  extreme  radicles  we  are  igno- 
rant. All  the  branches,  before  joining  the  prin- 
cipal trunks,  pass  through  lymphatic  ganglion.":, 
in  which  they  are  convoluted,  or  subdivided  almost 
ad  infinitum.  Thej'  are  formed  of  an  outer  are- 
olar membrane  ami  an  internal  coat,  similar  to 
that  of  the  veins;  of  the  latter,  the  valves  are 
formed.  All  the  lymphatics  of  the  body  ulti- 
mately discharge  themselves  at  the  junction  of 
the  subclavian  and  internal  jugular  veins.  Two 
of  these  trunks  are  considerably  larger  than  the 
others,  —  the  thoracic  duct,  and  the  great  trunk 
of  the  right  side,  (F.)  La  grande  veine  lymphn- 
tique  droitv.  The  former  receives  the  lymphatics 
of  the  abdomen,  of  the  lower  extremities,  the  loft 
side  of  the  thorax,  the  left  upper  extremity,  and 
the  corresponding  side  of  tlie  head  and  neck; 
the  latter  receives  those  of  the  right  upper  ex- 
tremity, and  of  the  right  side  of  the  head,  neck 
and  thorax. 

LYMPH ATITIS,  Angcioleueitis. 

LYMPHE  COAGULARLE,  Liquor  sangui- 
nis—  I.  de  Cofuyno,  Cotunnius,  liquor  of — I. 
Plantique,  Liquor  sanguinis. 

LYMPHEURYS.MA,  Lymphangiectasis. 

LYMPHITIS.  Angcioleueitis. 

LYMPHIZA'TION.  A  term  used  by  Profes- 
sor Gross  to  signify  Effusion  of  coagulable  lymph. 
It  is  not  a  happy  word,  inasmuch  as  lymph  has 
another  meaning,  whilst  the  term  '  coagulable 
lj'm)ih'  is  now  almost  abandoned. 

LYMPHOCHE'ZIA,  from  lymph,  and  x'^w,  'I 
go  to  stool.'     Serous  diarrhoea. 

LYMPHONCUS,  Lymphangoncus  — 1.  Iridis, 
Iridauxesis. 

LYMPHOPYRA,  Fever,  adeno-meningeal. 


LYMPIIORRIIAGIA 


559 


II  A  C  11  A  0  N 


LYMPH  OUR  II  AG  "I  A,  from  lymph,  and 
pr,yi'Ufii,  '  I  break  forth.'  Di.-^charge  of  lyiii|ih 
fiom  a  lymphatic  vessel,  owing  to  a  lesion  of  its 

LYMPIIO'SrS.  The  preparation  or  elabora- 
tion of  iviiiiib. 

LYMIMIOT'OMY,  from  lympha,  'lymph,'  and 
Tciivui,  •  r  cut.'     Dissfotion  of  the  lympluitics. 

LYNCirS  EMliUOCA'TION.  "An  emollient 
nostrum,  formed  of  olive  oil  impregnated  with 
berf/diiiot  and  other  essences,  and  coloured  with 

ulkiiuet  roof. 

LYN(JODES,  Singultous— 1.  Febris,  Fever, 
gingiiltou?. 

LYNGYODE.S,  Singultous. 

LYNN   WAIIOO,  Ulmus  alata. 

LYNX,  Singultus. 

LYl'K,  Athvmia. 

LYl'EMANIA,  Melancholy. 

LYPE'RIA  CRO'CEA.  A  South  African 
pbint.  Nut.  Old.  Serophubiriacetr,  the  flowers  of 
which  closely  resemble  saffron  in  smell  and  taste, 
and  possess  similar  medical  virtues. 

/.  YPEIiOrilllEXIE,  Melancholy. 

LYPOMA,  Lipoma. 

L  Y  P  0  T II Y  M  '  I  A.  from  Xu-r,;,  '  sadness,'  and 
^ufiof,  '  the  mind.'  Very  great  sadness  or  de- 
tpiindency. 

LYBA,  Xupa,  '  the  lyre.'  Pimltpr,  Punlle'rinm, 
C<irpuH  Punlld'i'des,  Li/rn  Dd'oidit,  Lmii'ind  me- 
diilla'rin  tri(lii(jid<t'rin  cer'ebri,  Sprt'tinm  triijo'- 
Mum.  The  under  surface  of  the  posterior  part  of 
the  body  of  the  fornix  is  impressed  with  nume- 
rous transverse  and  oblique  lines,  which  have 
been  so  called  from  some  resemblance  they  bear 
to  the  ancient  lyre. 

LYRINGIUM,  Eryngiutn  carapestre. 

LYSIA.  Lysis. 

LYSIMA'CHIA  NUMMULA'RIA,  /..  nom'o- 
riim,  Niimiitnln'ria,  HinnidiiKi'riri,  Coiti^iiior'bia, 
Vreepimj  Loone  Strife.  3[o)tey  Wort,  (F.)  Ilerhe 
n\ix  fens.  Ord.  PrimulacciB.  This  plant  was 
formerly  accounted  vulnerary.  It  h.as  been  con- 
sidered to  possess  antiscorbutic  and  astringent 
(pialities,  and  has  been  used  in  leucorrhoea. 
LvsiMAcmv  PiTHPdKKA,  Lythrum  snlicaria. 
LvsiMA'cniA  Quaduipo'lia,  Four-Le.nced  Loone 
Strife,  CroHHiiinrt,  an  indigenous  plant,  is  astrin- 
pent;  and  has  been  used  as  a  stomachic  and  an- 
tiperiodic. 


LY'SIS,  Lyxiit,  >uo-i5,  from  Xuaj,  'T  dissolve.' 
Solution.  A  common  suffix;  also,  a  name  given 
to  solutions  or  terminations  of  disease,  whii  ii  aro 
operated  insensibly;  that  is,  gradually  and  with- 
out critical  symptoms. 

LYSSA,  Hydrophobia  —  1.  Cunina,  Hydropho- 
bia. 

LYSSAS,  Maniodcs. 
LYSSETER,  Maniodcs. 

LYSSODEC'TUS,  from  Avaaa,  'canine  mad- 
ness,' and  iriKui,  or  iaKvio,  'I  bite.'  llydroph'. 
obus  ;  Cane  rah'ido  iiiiirxiin.  One  who  has  been 
bitten  by  a  mad  dog,  or  is  actually  labouring 
under  hydrophobia. 

L  Y"^  S  S  0  W  E  G  'M  A ,  Lyxiodeg'nniK,  Lyasode.r'is, 
same  etymon.     The  bite  of  a  mad  dog. 
LYSSODEXIS,  Lyssodcgma. 
LY'TE'RIOS,  Xvrripioi,  (from  Xvw,  '  I  dissolve,') 
'solving.'     An  eyiithet  given  to  those  signs  which 
announce  the  solution  of  a  very  violent  disease. 

LYTJIRUM  ALATUM,  see  Lythrum  salicaria 
— ^1.  Ilyssopifolia,  Lythrum  salicaria. 

LyTiiursi  Samca'isia,  from  XuSpov,  'blood,  and 
dust,'  on  account  of  the  colour  of  the  flowers  of 
some  species,  Lysivia'chin  pmpn'rea,  Salivn'rin 
vuhjii'riK  sen  npica'tn  ;  —  the  Vowinon  or  Purple 
Willow  Herb.  Ord.  Lytliriiccae.  The  herb,  root, 
and  flowers  possess  a  considerable  degree  of  as- 
tringency,  and  are  used,  occasionally,  in  the  cure 
of  diarrhoea  and  dysentery,  leucorrhsea,  haemop- 
tysis, <fee. 

Lythimim  Hyssopu'c'lia,  and  L.  Ala'tum; 
indiirenous,  have  sin]ilar  properties. 

LYTTA  C/ERULEA.see  Cantharis— 1.  Gigas 
mas,  see  Cantharis — 1.  Ruficeps,  see  Cantharis. 

Lytta  Ru'fipks.  CT'/«.s  Inseeta;  Oc(/.  Cole- 
optera.  A  variety  of  Lytta,  peculiar  to  Chili, 
which  is  more  active  as  a  vesicant  than  the  can- 
tharis, or  the  Lytta  Vittata. 

Lytta  Segetum,  see  Cantharis — 1.  Vesicatoria, 
Cantharis. 

Lytta  Vitta'tA,  Can'lharis  ritfnta,  Pota'to 
Fly,  (F.)  Uaiitliaride  taclietee.  Four  species  of 
meloe  that  blister,  are  found  in  the  United 
States.  The  lytta  vittata  feeds  principally  upon 
the  potato  plant,  and,  at  the  proper  season  of  the 
year,  may  be  collected  in  immense  numbers.  The 
]iotato  fly  resembles  the  contharides  in  every  pro- 
pertj',  and  is  fully  equal  to  them. 


M. 


M.  This  letter  signifies,  in  prescription.'',  mn- 
vipidus,  'a  handful.'  Also,  nu'sce,  'mix.'  See 
Abbreviation. 

MACAPATLI,  Smilax  sarsaparilla. 

MAC.\RO'Nr.  An  alimentary  paste,  moulded 
of  a  cylindrical  shape,  and  formed  of  rice  or 
wheateii  flour.  It  is  eaten  —  when  boiled  —  in 
soup;  prepared  with  cheese,  Ac.  See  Turanda; 
Italicas. 

Also,  a  name  formerly  given  to  a  pulverulent 
compound  of  sugar  and  glass  of  antimony,  car- 
ried into  France  by  the  Italian  monks,  and  em- 
ployed at  the  hospital  La  Charite  in  the  treat- 
ment of  painters'  colic. 

MACARONS,  Biscuits,  medicinal. 

MACE,    see    Myristica   nioschata  —  m.    Reed, 
Typha  latifolia. 
"MACEDOXISTUM,  Smyrnium  olusatrum. 
MACER,  Gracilis. 


MACERA'TION,  Macera'tin,  from  macernre, 
macerntiiiii,  'to  soften  by  water.'  An  operation 
which  consists  in  infusing,  usually  without  heat, 
a  solid  substance  in  a  liquid,  so  as  to  extract  its 
virtues. 

MACEROXA.  Smyrnium  olusatrum. 

iMACES.  see  Mvristica  tnoschata. 

MACESCERE.Emaciate. 

]\IACII.FRA.  Culter.  Knife.  Penis. 

MACH.EHIDIOX,  Macha>rion. 

M  A  C  H  M'KIO  X,  Maclifp'riiis.  Maeha-rid'ion, 
Gladi'idiis,  from  li't^mpa,  *a  sword,'  faxv^  'a 
fight.'  A  knife.  An  amputating  knife.  Rufus 
of  Ephesus  asserts,  that  the  Aruspices  gave  this 
name  to  a  part  of  the  liver  of  animals. 

:\IACILT:RIS,  Knife.  Xovacnla. 

^lAClIA'OX.  from  ,iaxnu>.  'I  desire  to  fight.' 
The  son  of  JEsculapius,  and  a  celebrated  phy- 
sician. 


MACIIAONIA 


560 


MADESIS 


MACIIAO'XIA  sou  MACIIAOX'ICA  ARS. 
Medicine.  Tbc  Healing  Art:  —  so  ciiUed  after 
Machaon,  the  son  of  ^sculapius. 

MACHI'NAL,  Meclinn'ktn-!.  This  epithet  is 
added  especially  by  French  ivriters  to  the  word 
moveiiieiit,  to  expretiS  that  the  will  takes  uo  part 
in  it. 

MACHINE',  ]\f((ch'iiia,  JllachinaJtien'ium, 
Mcch'aiie,  Mechdue'ma.  A  more  or  less  com- 
pound instrument  or  arrangement  for  putting  a 
body  in  motion,  or  for  producing  any  action 
whatever.  Physiologists  sometimes  use  it  for 
the  animal  hodi/ ;  —  as  the  machine  or  animal 
marhiite. 

MACHLOSYNE,  Nymphomania. 
MACHOIRE,   Maxillary  bone  —  m.  Diacrani- 
eniie,  Maxillary  bone,  lower  —  m.  Syncranienne, 
Maxillary  bone,  superior. 

MACIES,  Atrophy,  Emaciation — m.  Infantum, 
Tabes  mesenterica. 

MACILENTUS,  Gracilis. 
MACIS,  see  Myristica  moschata. 
MACllAU'CHEN,    from   macros,    and    avxw, 
'the  neck.'    Longo  coUo  jyrcB'dilus.    One  who  has 
a,  long  neck. — Giilen. 

31  AC  RE  FLOTTANTE,  Trapa  natans. 
MACIIITUUO.  Emaciation. 
MACROBIOSIS,  Longevity. 
MACROBIOTES,  Longevity. 
MACROBIOT'IC,    Jfarrobiot'icus,  Macrohi'o- 
fiiK,  Mucro'bius,  Lo))(/eB'viin,{rom  macron,  and  jiios, 
'life.'      That   which    lives    a   long    time.      The 
macrobiotic  art,  iUacrobivt'icn,{F.)  Jfacrobioiique, 
is  the  art  of  living  a  long  time. 
MACROBIOTUS,  Macriobiotic. 
MACROBIUS,  Macrobiotic. 
MACROCEPIIALIA,  see  Capitones. 
MACROCEPH'ALUS,    Makrocc]ih'ahie,    (Fi) 
Macrocephale  ;  from  macros,  and  Knpa'Kri,  '  head.' 
Qui  maijiinm  habet  caput      '  One  who  has  a  large 
head.'     This   epithet   is   given  to  children  born 
with  heads  so  large  that  they  seem  to  be  hydro- 
cephalic; but  in  which  the  unusual  development 
is  owing  to  a  large  size  of  the  brain.     Such  are 
supposed  to  be  more  than    ordinarily  liable   to 
convulsions.  [?]     The  term  has  also  been  applied 
by  Hippocrates  to  certain  Asiatics  who  had  long 
heads.     See  Capitones. 

M  ACRO  CIII'RIA,  from  macros,  and  xfip, 
'hand.'  Monstrosity,  characterized  by  excessive 
development  of  the  hands. 

MACROCO'LIA,  from  macros,  and  k(ii\ov,  'a 
limb.'  Great  length  of  limbs  in  general,  and  of 
the  lower  limbs  in  particular. 

MACROCOSM,  Macrocosm' us,  from  viacrns, 
and  Koaixoi,  'world.'  The  universe,  in  contradis- 
tinction to  Microcosm,  which  means  man. 

MACRODAC'TYLUS,  from  m^reiog,  and  &aKTv- 
Xos,  'a  finger.'     Having  long  fingers. 

MACROGASTER  PLATYPUS,  Acarus  folli- 
culorum. 

MACROGLOSSA.  see  Macroglossus. 
MACROGLOS'SUS,  from  macros,  and  y\u,aa:u 
'tmigue.'    One  who  has  a  very  large  or  prolapsed 
tonLT'.ie.     See  Paraglossa. 

MACROMEL'IA,  from  macros,  and  ^tXof, 
'  limb.'  Monstrosity,  which  consists  in  the  ex- 
cessive size  of  some  limb. 

MACROXOSI^,  Chronic  diseases. 
MACROPHAL'LUS,  from  macros,  and  0«»o;, 
'the    male   organ.'     A   large   size    of    the   male 
organ. 

MACROPHO'NUS,  from  macros,  and  ^lavr], 
'voice.'     One  who  has  a  strong  voice. 

MACROPHTHAL'MUS,  from  macros,  and 
oip^aXjio:;,  'eve.'     Having  large  eyes. 

MACROPHYSOCEPirALUS,  from  macros. 
K^vira,  'air,'  and  KtipaXtj,  '  head.'  A  word  used  by 
Ambrose  Pare  to  designate  an  augmeutatiou  of 


the  head  of  the  foetus,  produced  by  a  sort  of  em- 
physema I?],  wiiicii  retards  delivery. 
MACROPIl'EH,  Piper  longum. 
MACROl'iNlE'A,    from    macros,  and    rvru>,   <l 
breatiie.'     A  long  and  deep  res])iratii)ii. 

MACROP'NUS.  Macrop'nooH.     Same  etymon. 

Long  lirealiicd.     One  who  breathes  slowly: a 

Word  met  witli  in  some  authors.— Hijjpocriites. 

MACROP'ODUS,  Mac'ropns,  M>;,al'o,,„s,  (,t„n 
macros,  and  ttouj,  vo&ui,  '  foot.'  One  who  liiis  a 
large  foot. 

MACROPROSO'PIA,  from  macros,  and  voau- 
Tov,  '  face.'  Monstro.^iity,  characterized  by  excts. 
sive  size  of  face. 

MACROR,  Emaciation. 

MACROR'RHIS,  from  macros,  and  pij,  or  on, 
'nose.'     One  who  has  a  long  nose. 
MACROS,  ixuKpoi;,  'great.'     Long. 
MACROS'CELES.  Crura  loiign  habeas  ;  .&(<m 
macros,  and  sKcXoi,  '  the  leg.'     One  who  has  nhi" 
legs. 

MACROSTyE,  Chronic  dise.i.ses. 
MACROSOMATIA,  see  Giant. 
MACROSOMIA.  see  Giant. 
MACRO'TES,  from  macros,  and  ouj,  wroi,  'an 
ear.'     One  who  has  long  ears. 

MACROTRYS  RACEMOSA,  see  Actsea  race- 
mosa. 

MACULA.  A  spot.  Dijsclirfe'a,  Cclis.  Lahes, 
(F.)  Tache.  A  permanent  discoloration  of  some 
portion  of  the  skin,  often  with  a  change  of  i!s 
texture.  Ephelis,  Kwvus,  Sjjilns,  &c.,  belong  to 
MaculiC. 

Macula,  Molecule  —  m.  Aurea,  see  Fornmen 
centrale  retina9 — m.  Corneae,  Caligo — m.  Cornese 
arcuata,  Gerotoxon  —  m.  Corneas  margaritacea, 
Paralampsis  —  m.  Cribrosa,  see  Auditory  canal, 
internal — m.  Emortualis,  see  Suggillation  —  m. 
Flava,  see  Foramen  centrale  retinse — m.  Fusca, 
Epbelides  —  m.  Germinativa,  see  Molecule — m. 
Hepatica,  Chloasma  materna,  NaDvus — m.  Lenti- 
cularis,  Epbelides  —  m.  Lutea  retinse,  see  Forn- 
men centrale — m.  Miitricalis.  Nrevus — ni.  Matri- 
cis,  Nii'vus — m.  Nigra,sec  Opticnerve — ni.  Solaris, 
Epbelides. 

MAC'ULiE  ALB/E.  M.  Lac'lcce,  Li'sida^,  Milk- 
spots.  White  sj)ots,  seen  on  serous  membranes, 
especially  on  that  investing  the  heart,  and  which 
appear  to  be  the  result  of  previous  iiiflanuiiatory 
action. 

MacuLvE  Antu  Oculos  Yolitantes,  Jletamor- 
phopsia — in.  Lactere,  M.  Albae. 
MACULOSUS,  Sahlf. 
MAD,  Insane — m.  Doctor,  see  Psychiatria. 
MADAR.  Mudar. 

MADARO'SIS.  from  ija^apog.  'bald.'  M«,h,ro'- 
ma,  Made'sis,  Jfadar'otes.  Madc'ma,  jMad'isis, 
Dcphima'tio,  3/il/ili(f,  Milplio'sis.  /'lilo'sis.  Cul- 
vi'ties.  Loss  of  the  hair,  particularly  of  the  eye- 
lashes. 

MADAROTES,  Madarosis. 
MADDER,  DYERS',  Rubia. 
MADEIRA,  CLIMATE  OF.  This  island  is 
much  frequented  liy  pulmonary  in\alids,  on  ac- 
count of  the  mildness  and  equability  of  its  cli- 
mate. Owing,  indeed,  to  the  mildness  of  the 
winter,  and  the  coolness  of  the  summer,  together 
with  the  remarkable  equality  of  the  temperature 
during  day  and  night,  as  well  as  throughout  the 
year,  it  has  been  considered  that  the  climate  of 
Madeira  is  the  finest  in  the  northern  hemis]ihcre. 
Sir  Jatnes  Clark  is  of  opinion  that  there  is  no 
place  on  the  continent  of  Europe,  with  which  he 
is  acquainted,  where  the  pulmonary  invalid  coidd 
reside  with  so  much  ailvantage,  during  the  whole 
year,  as  in  Madeira. 

MADKLEON,  Bdellium. 
MADEMA,  Mndarosis. 
MADESIS,  Depilation,  Madarosis. 


MADIS[S 


561 


MAGNESIA 


MADTSTS,  Dopilation,  Madarnsis. 

MAUI80N  Sl'RlMGS,  see  Georgia,  Mineral 
waters  of. 

MADISTE'RIUM.  ^aSi<rT7,piop,  TrichoWhinm, 
Tnchdl'iihin,  V'lhel'la.  Tweezers.  An  instru- 
ment for  pxtractinsf  hairs. 

MADJOUND,  Madjmm.  A  mixture  of  powdered 
hemp  and  honey,  used  as  a  narcotic  agent,  like 
tobacco,  by  the  Algerines. 

MADNESS,  CANINE,  Hydrophobia  — m. 
Eavini;  or  furiiius.  Mania. 

MADOR,  Moisture.     A  cold  sweat. 

MADORIIIS,  Mudar. 

MADRKl'ORA  OCULATA,  Fee  Coral. 

MADWKED,  Scutellaria  lateriflora. 

l\M\,  Midwife. 

M^iElA,  Obstetrics. 

WyEi'UJiMA,  see  Parturition. 

MvEIA,  Obstetrics. 

"lAESA  PICTA,  Saoria. 

WiEUSIS.  Parturition. 

MiEUTRIA,  Midwife. 

M  AUDA'LIA,  Mtirjdo'leon,  Mngdn'Us.  '  Crumb 
of  bread.'  Any  medicine,  as  a  pill,  formed  of 
crumb  of  bread.     A  roll  of  plaster. 

MAGEIRICE,  Culinary  art. 

MAGGOT  PIMPLE,  see  Acne. 

MAGIS,  ttayn,  'a  cake.'  A  sort  of  cake,  com- 
posed of  cloves,  garlic  and  cheese,  beaten  to- 
gether.— Ilippofrates. 

MAGISTERIUM,  Magistery  — m.  Bismuthi, 
Bismuth,  subnitrate  of — m.  Jalapse,  Resin  of 
Jalap  —  m.  Mareasitae,  Bismuth,  subnitrate  of — 
m.  Plumbi,  Plunibi  subcarbonas  —  in.  Siilphuris, 
Sulphur  lotum — m.  Tartari  purgans,  Potassse 
aoetas. 

MAG"ISTERY,  Magi  ate' rinm,  from  maghter, 
'a  master.'  Certain  (irecipitates  from  saline  so- 
lutions were  formerly  so  called ;  as  well  as  other 
medicines,  the  preparation  of  which  was  kept 
secret. 

Magistery  op  Bismuth,  Bismuth,  subnitrate 
of. 

MAG"ISTRAL,  Magtstra'Hs.  Same  etymon. 
Extempora' neons.  A  prescription  is  so  called  — 
Form'iila  mdijintra'Us  seu  extemporn'uea — which 
is  prepared  extemporaneously;  an  officinal  pre- 
scription—  Form'ula  ojficina'lis  —  being  such  as 
has  been  prepared  for  some  time  before  it  is  pre- 
scribed. 

MAGISTRANTIA,  Imperatoria. 

MAGMA,  /iay/i«,  (F.)  J/arc.  The  thick  resi- 
duum, obtained  after  expressing  certain  sub- 
stances to  extract  the  fluid  parts  from  them.  The 
grounds  which  remain  after  treating  a  substance 
with  water,  alcohol,  or  any  other  menstruum. 
Also,  a  salve  of  a  certain  consistence. 

Magma  or  Marc  op  Olives  is  the  residuum 
after  the  greatest  possible  quantity  of  oil  has  been 
extracted  from  olives  by  making  them  ferment. 
It  was  formerly  employed  as  a  stimulant,  under 
the  form  of  a  bath — to  which  the  name  Bain  de 
Marc  was  given  by  the  French. 

Maoma  or  Marc  of  Grapes,  Bry'tia,  was 
once  employed  for  the  same  purposes. 

MAGMA   RETICULE,  'reticulated  magma.' 
The   gelatiniform    substance  found  between  the 
chorion  and  amnion  in  the  early  period  of  em- 
bryonic existence. 
MAGXES,  Magnet. 

_Mag.\es  Arsexica'lis.  (Sulphur,  wliite  ame- 
nic,  and  common  antimony,  of  each  equal  parts. 
Mix  by  fusion.)  It  is  corrosive.  See  Magnetic 
plaster. 

Maon'es  EpiLEPSiiE,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum 
rubrum. 

MAGNE'SFA,     Aharnahax,     Chamhar,     Terra 
nma'ra,   J/ i/ursia   terra.   Talc  earth;  from  mag- 
»ef,  '  the  magnet.'     An  alkaline  earth  whose  me-  I 
36 


tallic  base  is  magnesium.  The  term  Magnesia 
was  employed,  of  old,  for  any  substance  that 
seemed  to  have  the  power  of  attracting  some 
principle  from  the  air.  At  present  it  is  restricted 
to — 

Magnesia,  M.  vata  seu  calcina'ta,  Cal'rined 
Magnesia,  Oxide  of  magnc'sium,  (F.)  Magnenie 
brulee,  Magnesie,  M.  Canstiqiie.  This  is  obtained 
by  exposing  carbonate  of  magnesia  to  a  strong 
heat.  It  is  inodorous;  taste  very  slightly  bitter; 
in  the  form  of  a  white,  liglit,  spongy,  soft  powder. 
S.  g.  2-3  ;  requiring  2000  times  its  weight  of  water 
for  its  solution.  It  is  antacid,  and  laxative  when 
it  meets  with  acid  in  the  stomach.  Dose,  gr.  x 
to  ,^j  in  water  or  milk. 

Henry's,  Jfnsbrnid's,  and  Ellis's  Magnesia,  are 
dense  forms  of  this  preparation. 

Magnesia,  Acetate  of,  Magnesiae  aoetas  — 
m.  Aerata.  Magnesiae  carbonas — m.  Alba,  M.  ear- 
bonas  —  m.  Calcinata,  M.  usta  —  m.  Citrate  of, 
Magnesiae  citras — m.  Dinneford's,  see  Magnesia, 
fluid — m.  Edinburgensis,  M.  carbonas. 

Magnesia,  Effervescing,  Moxon's.  (Mag- 
nea.  carb. ;  M.  aulphat. ;  SodcB  birarbon.,  Arid 
tartaric,  aa.  partes  a?quales ;  to  be  pulverized, 
well  dried,  mixed,  and  enclosed  in  bottles  herme- 
tically sealed.)  Dose,  a  teaspoonfiil  in  half  a 
tumbler  of  water,  drunk  in  a  state  of  effervescence. 

Magnesia,  Ellis's,  see  Magnesia. 

Magnesia,  Fluid.  Under  this  name  a  prepa- 
ration is  designated,  which  consists  of  a  solution 
of  carbonate  of  magnesia  in  carbonated  water. 
It  is  also  termed  carbonated  magnesia  trater,  ae- 
rated magnesia  mater,  and  condensed  solution,  of 
magnesia,  (F.)  E<tu  mitguesienne.  Dinneford's 
Magnesia  is  a  solution  of  this  kind. 

Magnesia,  Henry's,  Magnesia — m.  Husband's, 
see  Magnesia — m.Mitis,  Magnesiae  carbonas — m. 
Muriate  of,  I\Iagnesii  chloridum — m.  Nigra,  Man- 
ganese, black  oxide  of. 

Magnesia  Opali'na.  A  name  given  by  Le- 
mfiry  to  a  mixture  of  equal  parts  of  antimony, 
nitrate  of  potassa,  and  chloride  of  sodium,  (decre- 
pitated.) It  has  emetic  properties,  but  is  not 
used. 

Magnesia  Salis  Amari,  Magnesiae  carbonas 
— m.  Salis  Ebsdamensis,  Magnesiie  carbonas — m. 
Saturni,  Antimonium — m.  Solution  of,  condensed, 
M.  fluid  —  m.  Subcarbonate  of,  Magnesiae  carbo- 
nas—  m.  Subcarbonate  of,  hydrated,  Magnesiae 
carbonas  —  m.  Terra,  Magnesia — m.  Vitriolata, 
JIagnesiae  sulphas — m.  and  Soda,  sulphate  of,  see 
Soda,  sulphate  of — ra.  Usta,  Magnesia. 

Magne'si.E  Ace'tas,  Ac"ctate  of  Magne'ain. 
This  salt  is  prepared  by  saturating  carbonate  of 
magnesia  with  acetic  acid.  It  is  of  syrupy  con- 
sistence, and  about  four  ounces  is  a  dose.  It  acts 
like  citrate  of  magnesia. 

MagnesI/E  Car'bonas  seu  Subcar'bonns,  Mag. 
nesia  (Dublin),  M.  aera'ta  seu  carbon'icn  seu 
alba,  3f.  Subenrbou'ica  seu  Mitia  seu  Edinbnrg- 
en'sis  seu  S(dis  Ebsdamen'sis  seu  Sidis  ama'ri, 
Car'bonas  magne'sicum,  Lac  terrce,  Hi/poenr'bonat 
magne'siee,  Terra  aniara  aera'ta  seu  absor'bena 
minera'lis  seu  talco'sa  oryauthraco'des,  Siibcar'- 
honatc  tf  Magnesia,  liy'drated  Subcar'bonate  of 
j\faguesia,  (F.)  Sons-carbonate  ou  carbonate  de 
Magnesie,  Magnesie  aerec  ou  blanche  ou  crai;etise 
ou  douce  ou  efferveacente  ou  mnyenne  ou  Anglaiae, 
Craie  ou  Tcrre  magnesienne,  Lait  de  Terre,  Pa- 
nache Anglaise,  Pond  rede  Scntinclli  ou  de  Valen- 
tini  ou  du  Comte  de  Palme  ou  de  Zwinger.  Pre- 
pared from  sulphate  of  magnesia  by  subcarbonate 
of  potassa.  It  is  inodorous  ;  insipid;  light;  white; 
spongy;  opake;  effervescing  with  acids;  inso- 
luble in  water.  Properties  the  same  as  the  last; 
but  the  carbonic  acid,  when  set  free,  sometimes 
causes  unpleasant  distension. 
Magnesia  Citras,  Citrate  of  JIagnesia,  (F.) 


MAGNESIAN   LEMONADE 


5fi2 


MAGNOLIA   GLAUCA 


Citratr  de  MnqncKie.  A  saline  prcpamtion,  formed 
by  saturating  ji  solution  of  citric  acid  with  cither 
iiKiijucsin  or  its  cinJxiiHtte.  Dose,  an  ounce.  It 
is  devoid  of  the  bitter  taste  of  the  inagnesian 
salts. 

A  solution  in  water,  or  in  mineral  water,  sweet- 
ened with  syrup,  and  acidulated  with  citric  acid, 
makes  an  agreeable  purgative.  A  simple  solu- 
tion in  water  has  been  called  magneninn  lemonade. 
In  the  ett'ervescing  state,  it  is  the  effervencing 
7iitii/)iesifni  lemoiKrde.  The  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States  (1851)  has  a  form  for  the  Licjuou 
MAG.VESIyE  Citha'tis,  Solution  of  Citrate  of  Jlag- 
iiisia.  Take  of  Carhonate  of  magnesia,  ^v  :  ci- 
tric acid,  ^I^viiss ;  Syrup  of  citric  acid,  f.^ij  ; 
^Vlltcr,  a  sufficient  quantity.  Dissolve  the  citric 
acid  in  f.^iv  of  water,  and  add  ^iv  of  the  carho- 
nate of  magnesia,  previously  rubbed  with  f.^iij 
of  water.  AVhen  the  reaction  has  ceased,  filter 
into  a  strong  f^xij  glass  bottle,  into  which  the 
syrup  of  citric  acid  has  been  previously  intro- 
duced. Rnb  the  remaining  carbonate  of  magne- 
sia with  f  ^^ij  of  water,  and  pour  the  mi.xture  into 
the  bottle,  which  must  be  well  corked,  and  secured 
with  twine;  and  shake  the  mi.xture  occasionally 
nntil  it  becomes  transparent.  As  a  cathartic  the 
whole  of  this  may  be  taken. 

Magnksi^f,  Hypocahbonas,  M.  carbonas  —  m. 
Subcarbonas,  M.  carbonas — m.  Vitriolicum,  Mag- 
nesias sulphas. 

Magnbsi^  Sulphas,  SnlpJias  MagncicB  pnri- 
Jicn'ta,  Magnesia  ritriola'ta,  Sal  catlmr'ticns 
ama'rns  seu  catharticnm  aniarnm  seu  ania'rnm 
seu  Anglica'iium  seu  Epsomen'sis  seu  catharticnm 
Anglica'nna  seu  Sedlicen'sis  seu  Ebudanien'ne  sou 
S'jjilnchiitzen'fe,  Terra  ama'ra  sulphu'rica,  Vitri- 
ol'icnm  JIagne'sicR,  Sidpliate  of  lifagnetia,  Epnom 
Salt,  Bitter  pnrging  Salt,  (F.)  Snl/ate  de  mag- 
li^tie,  Scl  admirable  de  Lemery,  Sel  d'JEgra.  Gene- 
rally obtained  from  sea-water.  Its  taste  is  bitter 
and  disagreeable.  It  is  soluble  in  an  equal 
quantity  of  water  at  60°.  It  is  purgative  and 
diuretic.     Dose,  as  a  cathartic,  ^ss  to  ^ij. 

MAGNESIAN  LEMON  ADE, 'Magnesise 
citras.         ^  ^ 

MAGNESTE  AER^E,  Magnesiae  carbonas— 
— m.  Anglaise,  Magnesiae  carbonas — m.  Blanche, 
Magnesia9  carbonas — m.  Brulee,  Magnesia  usta — 
m.  Carhonate  de,  Magnesiae  carbonas  —  m.  Cans- 
tii/iie.  Magnesia  usta  —  m.  Citrate  de,  Magnesiae 
citras  —  m.  Crayeuxe,  Magnesiae  carbonas  —  m. 
Jliince,  Magnesia3  carbonas  —  m.  Effervescente, 
Magnesiae  carbonas — m.  3/oyenne,  Magnesiae  car- 
bunas — m.  SoKHcarhnnate  de,  Magnesiae  carbonas 
— m.  Sid  fate  de,  MagnesiiB  snljjhas. 

MAGNE'SII  CIILO'RIDUM,  Chloride  of 
Ifagne'nium,  Iln'riate  of  iMagnesia,  This  bitter 
deliquescent  salt  has  been  given  as  a  mild  and 
effective  cholagogue  cathartic,  in  the  dose  of  half 
an  ounce  to  the  adult.  Being  deliquescent,  it 
mav  be  kept  dissolved  in  its  weight  of  water. 

MAGNESIUM,  see  Magnesia— m.  Chloride  of. 
Magnesii  chloridum  —  m.  Oxide  of,  Magnesia 
usta. 

MAGNET,  jifagnea,  Magne'tpn,  Ferrnm  magnes 
ottracto'rium,  Sideri'tes,  Sideri'tia,  Lupin  hera- 
clf'nii  seu  Si/deri'tin  sou  nnn'ticna,  Magni'tin,  so 
called  from  Magnes,  its  discoverer,  or  from  Mag- 
nesia, where  it  is  said  to  have  been  first  found. 
(F.)  Aimant.  Pierre  d'Aimant.  The  magnet  or 
Jmnhtone.  An  amorphous,  oxydulated  ore  of 
iron,  which  exprts  an  attraction  on  uninagneti/ed 
iron,  and  has  the  property  of  exhibiting  poles; 
that  is,  of  pointing  by  one  of  its  extreuiilies  to 
the  north.  This  ore,  by  constant  or  long  rub- 
bing, communicates  its  properties  to  iron  ;  and 
thus  artificial  magnets  are  formed.  Magnetic 
ore  is  found  in  many  countries,  and  particularly 
in  the  island  of  Eli>a.     The  magnet  is  sometimes 


used  to  extract  spicula  of  iron  from  the  eye  or 
from  wounds.  It  has  been  employed  as  an  anti- 
spa.smodic;  but  acts  only  through  the  irnagina. 
tion.  The  powder  has  been  given  as  a  tonic.  In 
Pharmaci/,  it  is  used  to  purify  iron  filings.  It 
attracts  the  iron,  and  the  impurities  remain  be- 
hind. It  formerly  entered,  as  an  ingredient,  into 
several  plasters,  to  draw  bullets  and  heads  of 
arrows  from  the  body  —  as  the  Emplastrnm  divi- 
iitim  Nicolai,  the  Emplaitrnni  nigrnni  of  Aui's- 
burg,  the  Opodeldoch,  and  Attractivnm  of  Para- 
celsus, &c. 

MAGXETES,  Magnet. 

MAGNET'IC,  Magnet'icua,  (F.)  Magnftiqne. 
Same  et3-mon.  That  which  belongs  or  relates  to 
magnetism  ; — mineral  or  animal. 

Magnktic  Fluid.  A  name  given  to  the  im- 
ponderable fluid  to  which  the  magnet  owes  its 
virtues.  By  analogy  it  is  applied  to  a  particular 
principle,  supposed  to  be  the  source  of  organio 
actions,  which  affects,  it  is  conceived,  the  ner- 
vous system  principally,  and  is  susceptible  of 
being  transmitted  from  one  living  body  to  an- 
other, by  contact  or  simple  approximation,  and 
especially  under  the  influence  of  fixed  volition. 
See  Magnetism,  Animal. 

Magnetic  Plastkr.  A  plaster,  at  present, 
not  used.  It  has  for  its  base  a  mixture,  called 
Ifagnes  arsenica'lis ;  formed  of  equal  parts  of 
antimony,  sulphur  and  arsenic  melted  together  in 
a  glass  cucurbit.  The  name  3lagnetic  planter 
was,  likewise,  given  to  such  as  contained  pow- 
dered magnet. 

MAGNETINUS,  Potassse  supertartras  im- 
purus. 

MAG'NETISM,  AN'IMAL,  MeH'merism,rnih'- 

etiam,  Nenroga' mia,  Bioga'mia,  Biomagiielin'niua, 
Zoomagnetis' nnia,  Exon'eurism  (profiosed  bj'  Mr. 
H.  Mayo),  Tellurin'mua,  Anthropomagiietia'mua, 
Gar'gale,  Gargalis'mna,  Gar'galna.  Properties 
attributed  to  the  influence  of  a  particular  i)rin- 
ciple,  which  has  been  compared  to  that  which 
characterizes  the  magnet.  It  is  supposed  to  be 
transmitted  from  one  person  to  another,  and  to 
impress  peculiar  modifications  on  organic  action, 
especially  on  that  of  the  nerves.  The  discus- 
sions, to  which  this  strange  belief  has  given  rise, 
are  by  no  means  terminated.  There  is  no  evi- 
dence whatever  of  the  existence  of  such  a  fluid. 
Highly  imyiressible  persons  can  be  thrown  into  a 
kind  of  hysteric  or  'magnetic'  sleep  and  somnam- 
bulism, (designated  by  Mr.  Braid,  hyp'notium, 
nenro-hyp'notiam,  and  itervona  sleep);  but  farther 
than  this,  the  efforts  of  the  magnetizer  cannot 
reach.  It  is  a  mode  of  action  upon  the  nerves 
through  the  medium  of  the  senses. 

MAGNETIZATION,  Mesmerization. 

MAGNETIZED,  Mesmerized. 

MAGNETIZKH,  Mesmerizcr. 

MAGXITIS.  Mairnot. 

MAGNITUDO  CORPORIS,  Stature— m.  Gi- 
gantea,  see  (Jiant. 

MAGNOC.  Jatropha  manihot. 

MAGNOLIA  FRAtJRANS,  M.  glauca. 

MagN'o'lia  Glauc'4,  Jfagnolia,  M.  frngrnna, 
Small  Magnolia,  Sicamp  Saa'aafraa,  Elk  ' Barh, 
Indian  Bark,  White  Lanrcl,  Sweet  Bay,  Beaver 
Wood,  Bearer  Tree,  White  Bay,  Cinchona  of 
Virginia,  Cantor  Bay,  Sweet  or  Lanrel  niagnolin, 
(F.)  Magnolier  ylanipie.  Ord.  Magnoliiicca!. 
The  bark  is  possessed  of  tonic  properties,  roein- 
bling  those  of  ca.scarilla,  canella.  <tc.  The  same 
may  be  said  of  the  Jlfagnolia  tripet'ala  seu  Unt' 
hrella,  Uuitirel'la  tree;  the  M.  acumlna'ta  or 
Cn'cnmher  tree,  the  if.  grandlflo'ra  and  M.  nia- 
crophyl'la,  Lanrel.  Elk  icood,  Silrerleaf.  Big  leaf, 
White  Bay,  Beaver  Tree,  Kl,:  bark,  lily  bloom. 
Magnolia  (Ph.  U.  S.),  is  the  hark  of  Jtfagiiolia 
glauca,  M.  ucutnina'ta,  and  M.  trij'et'ula. 


MAGNOLIER   GLAUQUE        563  MA  LAD  lES  ACQUISES 


MAGNOLTER  GLAUQUE,  Magnolia  glauea. 

MAGNUM  DEI  DON  UM,  Cinchona. 

Magnum  Os.  The  third  bone  of  the  lower  row 
of  the  carpus,  reckoning  from  the  thumb.  It  is 
tlie  largest  bone  of  the  carpus  ;  and  is,  also,  called 
Oh  cnpild'tiim ;   {¥.)  Gniiid  On. 

MAGllUMS.  A  popular  name  in  the  State  of 
New  York  for  a  singular  convulsive  affection, 
\vhi<:h  resembles  chorea.  It  rarely,  however,  oc- 
curs before  the  adult  age;  never  ceases  sponta- 
neously, and,  when  fully  developed,  is  devoid  of 
any  paroxysmal  character. 

MAGUEY,  Agave  Americana. 

MAHMOUDY,  Convolvulus  scammonia. 

MAllOGAN  FEIilllFUGE,  Swietenia  febri- 
fuge. 

MAHOGANY,  Gynocladus  Canadensis.  Also, 
a  drink  in  use  among  the  Cornish  fishermen  of 
England,  which  is  made  of  two  parts  gin  and  one 
part  treacle,  well  beaten  together.  An  analogous 
drink  —  a  mixture  of  whisky  and  honey,  (see 
,M('ii(l,  under  Ilydromel,)  is  known  in  the  High- 
lands of  Scotlnnd  by  the  name  Athol  pnrrid<ie. 

Mahooany  Mouxtain,  Betula  lenta — m.  Tree, 
Swieteniii  mnhogani. 

MAIANTIIRMUM,  Convallaria  maialis. 

MA[DKNIIAIll,  Adiantum  capillus  veneris — 
ni.  American,  Adiantum  pedatuin — -m.  Canada, 
Adiantum  pedatum  —  ra.  Common,  Asplonium 
trichouianoides  —  m.  Golden,  Polytrichum  —  m. 
White,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria. 

MA  ri)EN'  HE  A  D,  Virginity. 

MAIDENHOOD,  Virginity. 

MAIEIA,  Obstetrics. 

MAIEUMA,  see  Parturition. 

MAIEUSIS,  Parturition. 

MAIEUTA,  see  Parturition. 

MAIEUTER,  Accomhenr. 

MAFEUTES,  Acconchhir. 

MAIEUTICA  Alls,  Obstetrics. 

MA  KIR  R  (-R.  Emaciation. 

MAILLET,  Mallet. 

MAILLOT,  Swathing  clothes. 

J/.l/y,  Manua. 

MAIRANIA  UVA  URSI,  Arbutus  urva  ursi. 

MAIS,  Zea  mays. 

MAISON  PETITE,  Morotrophium. 

MAJOR  HEI/rCIS.  A  narrow  band  of  mus- 
oulur  fibres  situate  upon  the  anterior  border  of 
the  helix  of  the  ear,  just  above  the  tragus. 

MAJORANA,  Origanum  majorana  —  tn.  Hor- 
tcnsis,  Origanum  majorana  —  m.  Syriaca,  Teu- 
ciiiim  marum. 

MAKROCEPHALUS,  Macrocephalus. 

MAL   ir AMOUR,  Oilontalgia. 

MAL  DES  A R DENS.  A  name  given  to  a 
fpeci.s  of  pestilential  erysipelas  or  Saint  Aiitlio- 
iit/'n  fire,  which  reigned  epidemically  in  France, 
in  11. in. 

MAL  D'AVENTUJiE,  Paronychia  — m.  di 
Iliriin,  Scheilievo  —  m.  Cadue,  Epilepsy  —  m.  de 
Cfr/\  Tetanus. 

MAL  DE  CRIMHe  (F.),  L^pre  des  Cossnquei,, 
Lepra  Tau'rica.  A  variety  of  lepra  in  the 
Crimen. 

MAL  BE  DENT.  Odontalgia— m.  d' Extomnc, 
riithonophagia  —  m.  Din'n,  Kpilep.sy  —  hi.  d'Eii- 
J'liit,  Pains  (Labour) — in.  di  Fiiime,  Scherlievo — 
»".  FriiiK^nin,  Syphilis— HI.  de  Gurrjp,  Cynanche — 
«i.  Grand,  see  Epilepsy — m.  Ifaiit,  Epilep.sy — m. 
'/•■  Mdchoire,  Trismus  —  w.  de  Mer,  Nausea  ma- 
rina—m.  de  Mire,  Hysteria  —  m.  de  Mint-re,  Pel- 
lagra—  m.  de  Miiutitrjiie.  Puna  —  m.  de  Naplen, 
f^yphilis— HI.  Petit,  see  Epilepsy — m.  den  Piedt  et 
den  mniun.  Acrodynia — m.  jR^fjioiinle,  Endemy — 
t".  lie  la  Rnna,  Pellagra — m.  dn  Roi,  Scrofula— ni. 
Jiiiiif/e  de  Cii/eniie,  Elephantiasis  of  Cayenne — m. 
Saint  Antuine,  Erysijielas  —  hi.  Saint  Jean,   Epi- 


lep.sy — m.  Saint  Main,  Lepra,  Psora — m.  di  Sclier- 
liero,  Svherlieco — m.  de  Siani,  Fever,  yellow. 

31 A  L  BE  SAy  LAZARO,  Coeubaij.  A  le- 
prous disease,  common  in  Colombia,  S.  America. 

MAL  BEL  SOLE,  Pellagra  — ni.  de  Solorjne, 
Ergotism  —  m.  de  Terre,  Epilepsy  —  m.  d  Tete, 
Cej)halalgia — m.  del  Vulle,  Proctocace — m.  Vat, 
see  Anthrax. 

MALA,  Gena  —  m.  Aurea,  see  Citrus  auran- 
tium. 

MALABATII'RINUM.  Ancient  name  of  an 
ointment  and  a  wine,  into  which  the  inalabathvuni 
entered. 

MALABA'THRUM,  Cadeji-hidi.  The  leaves 
of  a  tree  of  the  East  Indies.  These  leaves  en- 
tered into  the  theriae,  mithridate,  and  other  an- 
cient electuaries.  They  are  believed  to  be  from 
a  species  of  laurel — Lanrnn  Cannia  ;  but,  accord- 
ing to  others,  from  Lannis  Mahthathvum.  The 
0  leum  Malahathri  is  obtained  from  it. 

MALACCA  RADIX,  Sagittarium  alexiphar- 
maeum. 

MALACHE,  Malva  rotundifolia. 

MALA'CIA,  from  ixa'Snicia,  'softness.'  A  de- 
pravation of  taste,  in  which  an  almo.^^t  universal 
loathing  is  combined  with  an  exclusive  longing 
for  some  particular  article  of  food.  If  the  pa- 
tient desires  substances  that  are  noxious  or  not 
eatable,  it  constitutes  Pica,  Pinno'sis,  Pitto'nin, 
Ileterorex'in,  ILeterorrhex'in,  Cinna,  Citta'sis, 
Vitta,  Limo'nis  Pica,  Allntrinpha'ijia.  Picacin'. 
mnn,  Pica'tin,  Bepra've.d  ap'petile,  (F.)  Envie. 
These  sj'mptoms  accompany  several  nervous  af- 
fections,—  those  of  females  in  particular.  In 
pregnancy  it  is  common,  and  is  termed  Lmujlny. 

Malacia  ApRiCANOiiUAf,  Chthonophagia  —  m. 
Cordis,  Ciirdiomalacia. 

MALACISMUS,  Mollities. 

MALACOG ASTER,  Gastrom.alaxia. 

MALACOPHO'NUS,  from  ,iaUKia,  'softness,' 
and  (,'iui'i;,  'voice.'     One  who  has  a  soft  voice. 

MALACOPCEA,  Emollients. 

MALACORIUM,  see  Punica  granatum. 

MALACOSARCO'SIS,  from  /««X«»os.  'soft,'  and 
(Tijpf,  aaoKOi,  'flesh.'  State  of  softness  of  the 
muspul.ar  system. 

MALACOSIS,  Mollities— m.  Cerebri,  Mollities 
cerebri — ni.  Cordis,  Cardiomalacia — m.  Hepatis, 
Ilepatomalacia — ni.  Uteri,  Ilysteromalacia. 

MALACOSTEON,  Mollities  ossium. 

MALACOSTEOSIS.  Mollities  ossium. 

MALACTICA,  Emollients. 

MALACTICUM,  Relaxant. 

MALADE.  Sick. 

MALABIE,  Disease — m.  An/jfaise,  Hypochon- 
driasis—  w.  lileue,  Cyanopathy  —  m.  de  Briijht, 
Kidney,  Bright's  disease  of  the — m.  Ihd/ense,  see 
Bullous,  Pemphigus  —  m.  de  Cnireilheir,  see 
Brash,  weaning  —  m.  Cneulaire,  Pertussis  —  m. 
Glandidaire,  Elephantiasis  Arabica  —  m.  Lnarji. 
naire.  Hypochondriasis,  Hysteria — m.  Merciirielle, 
llj'drargyriasis. 

MALADTE  BES  MTXEURS.  Anremia  oc- 
curring in  the  workers  in  mines. 

MALABIE  NOIRE,  Meh^na- m.  dn  Payn, 
Nostalgia — m.  Pedien/aire.  Phtheiriasis  —  ni.de 
/'o^^  Vertebral  disease — m.  Ti/phoide,  see  Typhus 
— m.  Venfrienne,  Syphilis — m.  de  Vennn,  Syphilis 
— ni.  de  Werlh'if,  Purpura  hirmorrhagica. 

MA  LA  DIES  A  CQ  U/SES,  Acquired  diseases— 
ni.vlHiii(("//f«,.\nnual  diseases--Hi.(.7iivjii/yi(^«, Chro- 
nic diseases  —  m.  Cannfen,  Connate  diseases  —  »n. 
Binnininleen,  Feigned  diseases — m.  E.rternen.Ester- 
nal  diseases — nt.  Feinten,  Feigned  diseases — m.lle.- 
reditairen.  Hereditary  diseases — m.  Inneen,  Innate 
diseases — m.  Lfgltinien,  see  Legitimate — m.  Ner- 
vennen.  Nervous  diseases  —  ni.  Reliijiennen,  Reli- 
gious diseases  —  m.  Simnlees,  Feigned  diseases^ 


MA  LAD  IF 


564 


MALLEUS 


«.    SporndiqucK,    see    Sporadic  —  m.    Siipposies, 
Feigned  diseases — m.  Ventenaes,  Pneumatosis. 
MALADll\  Sickly. 
MA  L  A  D  R  Eli  IE,  Ladrerie. 

MALADY,  ENGLISH,  Hypochondriasis. 

^L'\L»E  OS,  from  mahnti,  '  an  .apple  ;'  so  called 
from  its  roundness.  Zi/;/o'iii<i,  Os  mnla're  seu 
Jnya'le  senjur/aiiien'tiini  sen  Genes  seu  Ziiyomnt' i- 
cwii  seu  Hi/ pa' pin  III  s^u  SnbocvJa're  seu  Pudi'- 
cHiii,  (F.)  Os  Xfiilaire  ou  Zi/r/oinatiqiie  ou  de  la 
Pominette.  The  rheel:  or  nidlar  hone.  This  bone 
is  situate  at  the  later.al  and  superior  part  of  the 
face  ;  and  constitutes  the  zygomatic  region  of  the 
cheek.  It  is  irregularly  quadrilateral.  Its  outer 
surface  is  convex,  covered  by  muscles  and  skin, 
and  pierced  with  canals,  called  malar,  through 
which  vessels  and  nerves  pass.  Its  upper  sur- 
face is  concave,  and  forms  part  of  the  orbit.  Its 
]}osterior  surface  is  concave,  and  enters  into  the 
composition  of  the  temporal  fossa.  This  bone  is 
thick  and  cellular.  It  is  articulated  with  the 
frontal,  temporal,  sphenoid,  and  superior  maxil- 
lary bones,  and  is  developed  by  a  single  point  of 
ossification. 

The  part  of  the  face  rendered  prominent  by 
it,  the  French  call  Pammelte. 

MATjAG'MA,  from  ^aXuaata,  'I  soften.'  An 
emollient  cataplasm,  and,  in  general,  every  local 
application  which  enjoys  the  property  of  soften- 
ing organic  tissues. 

MALAfRE.  Malar. 

MA  LA  fSE.  Indisposition. 

MALAKIEN.  Mollitics. 

MALA  MHO  BA41K,  Matias. 

MALANDEllS,  Malandria. 

MALAN'DRIA.  A  species  of  lepra  or  elephan- 
tiasis.—  Marcellus  Empiricus.  }[nl'auder8  or 
Midl'enders,  is  a  disease  of  the  horse,  which  con- 
sists of  a  scurfy  eruption  on  the  inside  of  the 
hock,  or  a  little  below  it,  as  well  as  at  the  bend 
of  the  knee.  It  is  called  Malhhders  in  the  fore- 
leg, and  S'liUeiHlern  in  the  hind  leg. — Youatt. 

MALANDRIO'SUS,  Leprous.  Affected  with 
malandria. 

MALAR,  Mida'ris,  (P.)  JIfalaire,  from  mala, 
'the  cheek,'  Belonging  to  the  cheek,  —  as  the 
malar  bone. 

Mai.ar  Process,  Zygomatic  process. 

MALARE  OS,  Mal»  os. 

MALARIA,  Miasm. 

MALA'RIOUS,  Mnla'rinl.  Owing  to,  or  con- 
nected with  Malaria, — as  a  malarious  soil,  mala- 
rious dinense,  &c. 

MALASSIMILA'TT0T^,J/n?awmj7«'^i-o/from 
mala,  '  bad,'  iind  astimilatio,  'assimilation.'  Im- 
perfect or  morbid  assimilation  or  nutrition. 

MAL'AXATE,  MoUi're,  Snhifj"ere,M<dc,cisi,a'. 
re,  (F.)  Malaxcr,  from  naXaaau),  '  I  soften.'  To  pro- 
duce softening  of  drugs,  by  kneading  them.  The 
process  is  called  3falaxa'lio>i,  Malaxa'tio. 

MALAXATION.  see  Malaxate. 

MALAXIA  VEXTRICULL  Gastromalaxia. 

MALAXIS,  Mollities  —  m.  Cordis,  Cardioma- 
lacia — m.  Ilepatica,  Adiposis  hcpatica. 

MALAY,  see  Homo. 

MALAZISSA'TUS,  Malacissn'tus,  same  ety- 
mon as  Malaxate.  One  in  whom  the  testicles 
have  not  descended.  It  has,  also,  been  used  sy- 
nonymously with  emaacula'tus  and  muliera'tus. — 
Castelli. 

MALCE,  Chilblain. 

MALE,  Max.  Mas'cuhiit.  Of  the  sex  that  be- 
gets young.  Not  female.  What  belongs  to  the 
in.ale  sex  :  as  the  male  organs  of  generation. 

Male,  Axilla. 

Male  OiiCAX.  Penis. 

MALE  Dl  BRENO,  see  Scherlievo  — m.  Sea- 
hioso  veiieren,  Scherlievo. 

MALEFICIUM,  Poisoning. 


MALFORMA'TION,  mal/orma'tfo,  mnlcon/or- 
ma'tio  ;  from  mal,  and  forma,  '  form.'  A  wrong 
formation  ;  or  irregularity  in  the  structure  of 
parts.     See  Monster. 

3rAL/lERRE,  Plumbago  Europroa. 

MALIA,  see  Eijuinia. 

MALIASMUS,  Malis,  see  Equinia. 

MALICE.  Althjpa. 

MALICTIORIUM,  see  Punica  granatum. 

MALICORIUM,  see  Punica  granatum. 

MALIE,  Equinia, 

MALKJ'NANT,  3ralig'nw,,  (F.)  Mnlln.  A 
term  applied  to  any  disease  whose  symptoms  arc 
so  aggravated  as  to  threaten  the  destruction  of 
the  patient.  A  disease  of  a  very  serious  chanie- 
ter,  although  it  may  be  mild  in  appearance;  — 

Morhns  vinlii/iius. 

MALTN,  Malignant. 

MALING'ERER;  from  (F.)  mnlingre,' !'\My.' 
A  simulator  of  disease,  so  termed  in  the  British 
military  service. 

MALIS,  3faliaa'mos,  Cuta'neoua  vermiiw'tinii, 
Hrlminthon'vus.  The  cuticle  or  skin  infested 
with  animalcules, —  Phthiri'asis,  Parasitia'wiiH 
superfir"iei.  In  Persia,  this  affectioi)  is  proiluced 
by  the  Guinea  worm  ;  in  South  America,  by  tho 
Chigre;  and  in  Europe,  occasionally  by  the 
Louse.     See  Equinia,  and  Phtheiriasis. 

Malis  Dracunciihis,  Dracunculus — m.  Gordii, 
Dracunculus — m.  Pediculi,  Phtheiriasis. 

MALLENDERS,  Malandria. 

MALLE'OLAR,  Malhola'ris,  from  mallenlm, 
'the  ankle.'  (Y.)  Malleolaire.  Belonging  or  re- 
lating to  the  ankles. 

Malleolar  Arteries  are  two  branches  fur- 
nished by  the  anterior  tibial  about  the  instep; 
the  one — the  infernal — passes  transversely  tieliind 
the  tendon  of  the  tibialis  anticus,  to  be  distrihuteil 
in  the  vicinity  of  the  malleolus  intcrnus;  —  the 
other  —  the  external — glides  behind  the  tendons 
of  the  extensor  communis  digitorum  pedis  and  the 
peroneiis  hreris,  and  sends  its  branches  to  the 
parts  which  surround  the  outer  ankle,  as  well  as 
to  the  outer  rcirion  of  the  tarsus. 

MALLE'OLUS.  Diminutive  of  mnllens,  'a 
mallet,  or  hammer;'  Raie'ta,  Raste'tn,  Rasrhn, 
RasPtta,  Rase'ta.  SSphyrn,  Talus,  DIoh'ehds,  Tu- 
le'ohis,  Peza,  Ankle,  (Prov.)  Anchr,  Anclet, 
AiidifT,  An<-low,  Aid-ley,  Ri<k.  (Sc.)  Cute,  Coot 
HanelctJi,  Heather-eln,  '(¥.)  Malleole.  Cheville  du 
Pied.  The  two  projections  formed  by  the  bonc!) 
of  the  leg  at  their  inferior  part.  The  inner  be- 
longs to  the  tibia;  the  oK^f/- to  the  fibula.  The 
ankles  afford  attachment  to  ligaments:  and  each 
has  a  sort  of  gutter,  in  which  certain  tendons 
slide.     See  Malleus. 

MALLET,  jralle'olns,  (F.)  Maillet.  A  kind 
of  hammer,  used  with  a.  gouge  for  removing  or 
cutting  bones,  in  certain  surgical  and  anatomical 
operations. 

MAL'LEUS,  Malle'ohis,  Ossie'nhim  Mulholo 
asilmila'tum,  (F.)  Marteau.  The  longest  and 
outermost  of  the  four  small  bones  of  the  ear.  It 
is  situate  at  the  outer  part  of  the  tympanum,  and 
is  united  to  the  membrana  tyinpani.  It  has,  1. 
An  ovoid  head,  which  is  articulated  behind  with 
the  incus,  and  is  supported  by  a  narrow  part 
called  the  neck:  this  has,  anteriorly,  a  Ioikj  npn- 
phi/sis,  which  is  engaged  in  the  glenoid  fissure, 
anil  is  called  the  Apopin/sis  or  Process,  Proces'siia 
grac"ilis,  of  Rau.  It  affords  attachment  to  the 
anterior  seu  externus  mallei  muscle.  2.  A  handle, 
which  forms  an  obtuse  angle  with  the  neck,  and 
corresponds  to  the  membrane  of  the  tympanum, 
which  it  seems  to  draw  inwards.  It  is  furnished 
at  its  upper  extremity  with  a  process  —  the  pro- 
cessus hreris,  to  which  the  intemus  vinllei  is  at- 
tached. This  bone  is  developed  by  a  single  poiut 
of  ossification. 


MALLOW,    COMMON 


50  5 


MAMMARY 


Malleus,  Equiniti — M.  farciminosus,  see  Equi- 
niii —  ui.  Slender  Process  of  the,  Urik  apcfjihyee 
du  tmirletiu. 

MALLOW,  COMMON,  Malv.i— rn.  Compound 
(U'c()i;ti(»n  of,  Uecoctum  uialvw  corapositura  —  m. 
Iniliaii,  Abulilon  Avicennae — in.  Yellow,  Abutilon 
Avic'iiiiae. 

MALLS,  Riibeoln. 

MAL'MEDY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Mal- 
medy  is  a  town  in  Rheniih  Prussia,  between  Spa 
and  Coblenz.  In  its  immediate  vicinity  are  seve- 
ral acidulous  clialybeate  springs. 

MALO  Df  SCARLIKVO,  Scherlievo. 

MALOGRAXATUM,  Punica  granatum. 

MALPIGIII,  ACINI  OF,  Corpora  Malpi- 
gliiana. 

MALPIG'IIIA  MOUREL'LA,  (F.)  Moureil- 
ller,  Siiiitiroiibd  faux.  The  bark  of  this  shrub — 
a  native  of  Cayenne  —  is  reputed  to  be  febrifuge, 
ami  useful  in  diarrhoea. 

MALPKilllAN  BODIES,  Corpora  Malpighi- 
ana — in.  b.  Inflammation  of  the.  Kidney,  Bright's 
disease  of  the — -m.  b.  of  the  Spleen,  see  Spleen. 

MAIiPUAX'LS,  Miiln  praxis,  Malum  7-e^"imeii. 
Bad  tnanagement  or  treatment. 

MALT,  Sax.  mealr,  Dutch,  mout,  Teut. 
malt;  from  /inXarriD,  '  I  soften  ;'  [?]  Ili/iie,  Mnl- 
tiiiii,  llar'dei  iiiidlum,  Bfd'slum,  (F. )  Drerhe.  Bar- 
ley made  to  germinate,  for  the  purpose  of  forming 
beer.  It  has  been  recommended  in  medicine,  as 
antiscorbutic,  antiscrofulous,  Ac. 

Malt  Spirit.  A  spirit  distilled  from  malt.  It 
is  the  basis  of  most  of  the  spirituous  cordials. 

MALTA,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  climate  of 
Malta  is  pretty  equable,  the  range  of  tempera- 
ture in  the  twenty-four  hours  being  rarely  more 
than  G°.  The  air  is  almost  always  dry  and  clear. 
Tlio  most  disagreeable  wind  is  the  sirocco,  which 
is  the  source  of  more  or  less  suffering  to  the  pul- 
monary invalid.  The  winter  climate  is  favour- 
able. Dr.  Liddcll  thinks  that  no  place  which  he 
has  seen  in  the  south  of  Europe  can  compete  with 
Malta,  for  a  mild,  dry,  bracing  air  in  November, 
Decomhor,  and  jiart  of  January;  and  during  the 
other  winter  and  spring  months,  he  thinks  it  is 
equal  to  any  of  them. 

MALTHA,  Mnlthe,  from  /ioAarru),  'I  Soften.' 
Wax,  particularly  soft  wax. 

MALTIIACTICA,  Emollients. 

MALTIIAXIS,  MoUities. 

MALUM,  Disease,  Melum  —  m.  Articulorum, 
Gout — m.  Caducura,  Epilepsy — m.  Caducum.  pul- 
monum,  Asthma — m.  Canum,  see  Pyrus  eydonia 
— ni.  Coense,  Averrhoa  carainbola — ni.  Cotoneum, 
see  Pyrus  eydonia  —  m.  llypochondriacum,  Hy- 
pochondriasis— m.  Ilystericum,  Hysteria — in.  In- 
Hanum,  see  Solanum  Melongena — m.  Ischindicum, 
Neuralgia  femoro-poplitica — m.  Lazari,  Elephan- 
tiasis— ni.  Lyeo])ersicum,  Solanum  lycopersieum. 

JIam'h  JMou'thum.  A  species  of  lepra,  in 
which  the  affected  portions  of  skin  seem  to  be 
struck  with  death. 

Malum  Pilakk.  Trichosis— m.  Pottii,  Vertebral 
disease — m.  Priinarium.  Idiopathia — m.  Regimen, 
Malpraxis — m.  Spinosum,  Datura  strnmonium— 
m.  Terrestre,  Atropa  Mandragora — m.  Venereum, 
Syphilis. 

MALUS,  Pyrus  mains  —  m.  Anrantia  major. 
Citrus  aurantium — m.  Communis,  Pyrus  malus — 
lU.  Dnsyphylla,  Pyrus  malus. 

Malus  In'dica,  BiUimli  b!t!»g-h;»g  of  Ron- 
tius.  Ocrf.  Rosaceas.  The  juice  "of  this  East  In-" 
dia  tree  is  cooling,  and  is  drunk  as  a  cure  for 
fevers.  The  leaves,  boiled  and  made  into  a  cata- 
plasm with  rice,  are  famed  in  all  sorts  of  tumours. 
The  juice,  mixed  with  arrack,  is  drunk  for  the 
cure  of  diarrluva.  The  ripe  fruit  is  eaten  as  a 
delicacy  ;  and  the  unripe  is  made  into  a  pickle 
for  the  use  of  the  table. 


Malus  Limonia  Acioa,  see  Citrus  medicn — m. 
Medica,  see  Citrus  mediea — m.  Sylvestris,  Pyrus 
malus. 

MALVA,  M(ih-(i  m/lves'tris  seu  vuhj'i' rin,  Cotn- 
mo>'-  Jfal/tiir,  (F.)  Miiiire  navvdr/e.  Oi'd.  Mal- 
vaceiB.  The  leaves  and  flowers  are  chiefly  used 
in  fomentations,  cataplasms,  and  emollient  ene- 
mata.     Its  properties  are  demulcent. 

Maluit  rotiiiidi/o'tid,  Mdl'ache,  Mid'aclie,  has 
like  virtues:  as  well  as  the  other  varieties. 

MAL^AVISCUM,  Althcxa. 

MAL\^.RN,  WATERS  OP.  The  village  of 
Great  Malvern,  (pronounced  Maw'veni,)  in  Wor- 
cestershire, England,  has  for  many  years  been 
celebrated  for  a  spring  of  remarkable  purity, 
which  has  acquired  the  name  of  the  //'////  well. 
It  is  a  carbonated  water;  containing  carbonates 
of  soda  and  iron,  sulphate  of  soda,  and  chloride 
of  sodium  ;  and  is  chiefly  used  externally,  in  cu- 
taneous affections. 

MAMA-PIAN.  (F.)  Mdmnn-pian.  An  ulcer 
of  a  bad  aspect,  which  is  the  commencement  of 
the  plan  ;  and  which,  after  having  destroyed  the 
flesh,  extends  to  the  bones.  It  is  also  called  the 
3[<ither  of  Pidiis  ; — Ln  mere  den  piium. 

MAMEI,  Mamoe,  j\t(innn  or  Toddy  tree.  From 
incisions  made  in  the  branches  of  this  West  In- 
dian tree,  a  copius  discharge  of  pellucid  liquor 
occurs,  which  is  called  mom  in  or  Toddy  irine.  It 
is  very  diuretic,  and  is  esteemed  to  be  a  good  an- 
tilithic  and  lithontrii)lic. 

31AMELLE,  Mamma. 

31AMEL0X,  Njpple. 

31 A  MEL  OXXE,  Mammillated. 

3rA3[ELOXS  DU  REIN,  Papillsc  of  the 
kidney. 

MAMILLA,  Mammula,  see  Mamma. 

MAMMA,  from  mninmu,  one  of  the  earliest 
cries  of  the  infant,  ascribed  to  ,a  desire  for  food. 
3rdsth>8,  3f<(sf,iR,  3[d>ioH,  Tliele.  Tittlins,  Titty, 
Rumn,  Uher,  ouSap,  Nutrijr,  Gemiji'oma.  The 
female  breant,  Pap,  Pappp,  (3faiiimi/'ld,  3fdmilla 
being  the  male  breast;)  (F.)  3/itnielle.  A  glan- 
dular organ,  proper  to  a  class  of  animals  —  the 
mdiiimalin — and  intended  for  the  secretion  of 
milk.  The  mammas  exist  in  both  ^exes,  but  they 
acquire  a  much  greater  size  in  the  female;  especi- 
ally during  pregnancy  and  lactation.  In  women, 
before  the  age  of  puberty,  the  breasts  are  but 
little  developed.  At  this  period,  however,  to- 
wards the  central  part  of  each  breast,  the  skin 
suddenly  changes  colour,  and  assumes  a  rosy 
tint.  It  is  of  a  reddish  brown  in  women  who 
have  suckled  several  children.  This  circle  has  a 
rugous  appearance,  owing  to  the  presence  of 
sebaceous  glands,  and  is  called  Are'ola  or  Anre'- 
nla.  These  glands —  Titherclen  of  the  Areola,  of 
Sir  Astley  Cooper — furnish  an  unctuous  fluid  for 
defending  the  nipple  from  the  action  of  the  saliv'ii 
of  the  sucking  infant.  In  the  midst  of  the  aure- 
ola is  the  nipple,  a  conoidal  eminence,  of  a  rosy 
tint,  susceptible  of  erection,  and  at  the  surface 
of  which  the  galactophorous  ducts  open.  Besides 
the  skin  covering  them,  the  breasts  are,  also, 
composed  of  a  layer  of  fatty  areolar  tissue,  more 
or  less  thick  ;  of  a  large  gland  ;  excretory  ducts; 
vessels,  nerves,  <!kc.    See  Jlammarv. 

In  the  animal,  the  mamma  is  called  the  Udder, 
ov^p,   Cher,  the  Paij. 

The  breasts,  plus  the»space  between,  are  called 
the  hoKom,  siiiiiii,  colpon  ((coAiros).  At  times,  these 
terms  arc  restricted  to  the  space  between  the 
breasts.     (F.)  Sein. 

Mamma  also  means  a  nurse. 

3fAM.VA  [RE,  Mammary. 

MAMMAL,  plural  3famma'l!a,  3fam'mi/er, 
mammi/'erouH  animal;  from  ninmtna,  'a  breast.' 
An  animal  that  suckles  its  young. 

MAM'MARY,    3Ianuna'riua,   (F.)   JIammaire, 


MAMMARY   ABSCESS 


566 


MANDRAGORITES 


from    j)ifim»ia,    'the   breast.'      Relating   to   the 
breasts. 

Mammary  Abscess.  Mnstodynia  apostematosa. 
Mammary  Autkkies  are  three  in  number. 
They  are  distinguished  into  —  1.  The  Inlenial 
3f(ii)imayi/,  Arte'ria  uterna'li'K,  A.  Soiis-ntermil 
(Cli.),  Iiiternnl  thorac" ic.  It  arises  from  the  sub- 
clavian, and  descends  obliquely  inwards,  from  its 
origin  to  the  earlilage  of  the  third  rib.  Below 
the  diaphragm  it  divides  into  two  branches;  the 
one  exteriKtl.  the  other  infernal.  From  its  origin 
until  its  bifurcation,  it  gives  branches  to  the 
muscles  and  glands  of  the  neck,  to  the  thymus, 
mediastinum,  pericardium,  and  oesophagus.  In 
each  intercostal  space  it  gives  off  internal  and 
external  mnsculii-i'iitanenus  branches,  and  also, 
on  each  side,  the  anperior  diaphragmatic.  Its 
two  ultimate  branches  are  distributed  on  the 
parietes  of  the  abdomen,  and  anastomose  with 
the  external  mammary,  intercostal,  lumbar,  cir- 
cumflexailii,  and  epigastric  arteries.  2.  The  Ex- 
ternal ilammar}/  Arteries  are  two  in  number,  and 
are  distinguished  into  sujicrior  anA.  inferior.  The 
superior  external  mammary.  First  of  the  thorarics 
(Ch.),  Superior  external  thoracic,  Superior  tho- 
racic, is  furnished  by  the  axillary  artery.  It 
descends  obliquely  forwards  between  the  pector- 
alis  major  and  pectoralis  minor,  to  which  it  is 
distributed  by  a  considerable  number  of  branches. 
The  inferior  external  mammary,  the  second  of  the 
thoracics  (Ch.),  Long  or  inferior  thoracic,  arises 
from  the  axillary  artery,  a  little  below  the  pre- 
ceding. It  descends  vertically  over  the  lateral 
])art  of  the  thorax;  curves,  afterwards,  inwards; 
becomes  subcutaneous  and  divides  into  a  number 
of  branches,  which  surround  the  breast.  It  gives 
branches  to  the  pectoralis  major,  serratus  major 
anticus,  the  intercostal  muscles,  the  glands  of 
the  axilla,  and  the  integuments  of  the  breast. 

Mammary  Gland,  Glan'dida  lactifera,  is  the 
secretory  organ  of  the  milk.  It  is  situate  in 
the  substance  of  the  breast,  to  which  it  gives 
shape.  The  tissue  of  this  gland  results  from 
the  assemblage  of  lobes  of  different  size,  united 
intimately  by  a  dense  are(dar  tissue.  Each  of 
these  is  composed  of  several  lobules,  formed  of 
round  granulations,  of  a  rosy  white  colour,  and 
of  the  size  of  a  poppy  seed.  The  glandular 
grains  give  rise  to  the  radicles  of  the  excretory 
canals  of  the  mamma,  which  are  called  galac- 
tophorons  or  lactiferous.  These  excretory  ves- 
sels unite  in  ramusculi.  rami,  and  in  trunks  of 
greater  or  less  size  ;  collect  towards  the  centre  of 
the  gland ;  are  tortuous,  very  extensible,  and 
semi-transparent.  All  terminate  in  sinuses, 
situate  near  the  base  of  the  nipple,  which  are 
commonly  from  15  to  IS  in  number.  These 
sinuses  are  very  short,  conical,  and  united  by  are- 
olar tissue.  From  their  summits,  a  fasciculus  of 
new  ducts  sets  out,  which  occupy  the  centre  of 
the  nipple  and  open  separately  at  its  surface. 
The  arteries  of  the  mammary  gland  come  from 
the  thoracic,  axillary,  intercostal,  and  internal 
mammary.  The  veins  accompany  the  arteries  ; 
the  nerves  are  furnished  by  the  intercostals,  and 
brachial  plexus;  the  lymphatic  vessels  are  very 
numerous,  and  form  two  layers.  They  commu- 
nicate with  those  of  the  thorax,  and  pass  into  the 
axillary  ganglions. 

Mam'mary  Sauco'ma,  Mastoid  sarcoma  of 
Abernethy,  Emphy'ma  sarcoma  mamma' rum.  A 
tumour,  of  the  colour  and  texture  of  the  mam- 
mary gland  ;  dense  and  whitish  ;  sometimes  softer 
and  brownish  ;  often  producing,  on  extirpation,  a 
malignant  ulcer  with  indurated  edges.  Found  in 
various  parts  of  the  body  and  limbs. 

Mammary  Vkins  follow  the  same  course  as  the 
arteries,  and  have  received  the  same  denomina- 
tions.    The  internal  mammanj  vein,  of  the  right 


side,  opens  into  the  superior  cava;  that  of  the 
left,  into  the  eorresi)onding  subclavian  vein. 
The  crtcrnal  mammary  veins  open  into  the  axil- 
lary vein. 

MAMME'A  AMERICA'NA,  (P.)  Ahrieoi  snn- 
rage.  Ord.  Guttiferic.  The  systematic  name 
of  the  tree  on  which  the  mammre  or  mamei  fruit 
grows.  This  fruit  has  a  delightful  flavour  when 
ripe;  and  is  much  cultivated  in  Jamaica,  wlicre 
it  is  generally  sold  in  the  markets  as  one  of  the 
best  fruits  of  the  island. 

MAMMEA'TA,  Mammo'sa,  from  mamnta,  'the 
brea.st.'     One  who  has  large  breasts, 

MAMMELLA,  Nijiple. 

MAMMFFEK.  Mammal. 

MAMMIFEROUS  ANIMAL,  Mammal. 

MAMMIFORM,  Mastoid. 

MAMMILLA.  Mamma  (male).  Nipple. 

MAMMILLAE  MEDULLARES,  see  M.ammil- 
larv. 

MAMMILLARTR,  Mastoid. 

MAM'MILLARY,  Mammllla'ris,  from  Mnm- 
miltfi,  'a  small  breast,  a  nipjile.'     See  Mastoid. 

Mammillary  EM'iNKNri'.  is  a  name  given,  1, 
To  more  or  less  marked  prominences  on  the  inner 
surface  of  the  bones  of  the  cranium,  which  cor- 
respond to  the  anfractuosities  of  the  eraniiiin. 
2.  To  white,  round,  medullary  tubercles,  of  the 
size  of  a  pea,  situate  at  the  base  of  the  brain,  be- 
hind the  gray  substance  from  which  the  7V'/e 
pitiiitaire,  of  the  French  anatomists,  arises. 
These  Mammillary  Tu'hercirs,  Cor'pora  alhican'' 
iia  scu  Candican'tia  sen  Mammilla' ria  sen  Pini- 
for'mia.  Bnlbi  for'nicis,  Ifammillcs  sen  Ghih'iiU. 
mednl/a'res.  Prominentia!  alhican'tes,  Pmcpn'iais 
mammilla'res  cer'ehri,  Protensio'ncs  glainliita'rcs, 
Eniinen'tim  candican'tes,  Prio'rum  cruritm  for'- 
nicis hulhi,  Willis's  Glands,  (F.)  Hulbes  lie  In 
voiite  (l  trois  piliers,  Tubercles  pisiformes  (Ch.), 
arc  united  to  each  other  by  a  small  grayish  band, 
which  corresponds  with  the  third  ventricle.  Thoy 
receive  the  anterior  prolongations  of  the  fornix. 

Some  ancient  anatomists,  taking  the  nervous 
trunks,  to  which  AVillis  first  gave  the  name  of 
olfactory  verves,  for  simple  appendages  of  the 
brain,  called  them,  an  account  of  their  shape, 
Oarun'c>d<B  mammilla' res.  Vesalius,  Fallopius, 
Columbus,  and  several  others,  termed  them  Pro- 
ccs'sus  mammilla'res  cer'ebri  ad  narcs.  They 
have  also  been  called  Trif/o'na  olfaeto'rin. 

MAM'MILLATED,  (F.)  Mamclonnf.,  from 
mamma,  'the  female  breast.'  That  which  has 
mammiform  projections  on  its  surface. 

Mammillatrp  Livrr.  Cirrhosis. 

ifAMMITE,  Mastitis. 

MAMMITIS,  Mastitis. 

MAMMOSA.  Mammeata. 

MAM'MULA  ;  diminutive  of  Mamma,  3fa- 
mil'la.     A  small  breast. 

MAMOE,  Mamei. 

MAN,  Aner,  Anthropos,  Ilomo, 

MANAKIN.  Fantom. 

MAN-IN-TIIE-GROUND, Convolvulus  pandiir- 
atus  — m.  of  the  Earth,  Convolvulus  pandiiratus. 

MANCENILLTER,  Ilippomane  mancinella. 

AfANCHE  UIUPPOVllATE,  Chaunse. 

MANCIIINERL.  Hippomane  mancinella. 

MANCURANA,  Origanum. 

MANDIRULA,  Maxillary  bone. 

MANDIBULARIS  MUSCULUS,  Masscter. 

MANDIOC,  Jatropha  manihot. 

MANDO.  Glutton. 

MANDRAGORA,  Atropa  mandrairora— m. 
Aeaulis,  Atropa  mandragora — ra.  Officinalis, 
Atropa  mandragora — m.  Vernalis,  Atropa  man- 
dragora. 

MANDRAGORI'TES,  from  pavfipayoftn^,  the 
At'ropa  mandrag'ora  or  mandrake.  Wine  m 
which  the  roots  of  mandrake  have  been  infused. 


MANDRAKE 


^67 


MANIODES 


MANDRAKE,  Atropa  niandragora,  Podophyl- 
lum peltatuin,  P.  montanuin. 

MANDHLX  A   VlR(JI/LfJ,  see  Jirhe-mque. 
MAXUUCATIO,    Miistication  — in.    Difficilis, 
Bradymiisfsi?. 

M  A  N  '  I)  U  C  A  T  0  R  Y,  3fauflucntn'rins  ;  from 
Miiiiilncntio,  '  inastk-ation.'     Appertaining  or  re- 
lating to  mastication  ; — as, 
JlANPrcATORV  Nerve,  see  Trigemini. 
MAXHUVRE,  Mantfiuvre. 

M A N'G  A N  KS E,  Mnin/'ine'siiim,  Manrjn'niiim. 
A  metal,  which  is  pretty  abundant  in  nature  in  an 
oxidi/fd  state.  It  is  of  a  fi;rayi.ih-\vhite  colour, 
reseml)ling  some  varieties  of  cast  iron,  is  hard 
and  lirittle,  and  destitute  of  magnetic  properties. 
Specific  gravity  about  8. 

Manganese.  Bf/VCK  Oxihe  op,  Mnngmre'sii 
ox'iilmii  seu  /iiiiax' idiim,  Tetrox.'ide  of  mnnijn- 
neae,  Maijiie'iiiii  nigra,  JfttiiijKnK'siiim  vitrnrio'ritni 
peu  oxydd'tnm  nnti'vitm  seu  nir/nim  seu  ochrn'- 
ceiiiii  iii</ruin  seu  oj-i/da'tinii  tidli'viim,  Blun'ijauum 
ori/d(t'ti(ni  niitiviiin,  Jf()!i/li</(p')in)n  7iiaf/iie'H>i', 
O-eii'ilen  iiiftit'(/'inl  iiriti'vri,  I'cro.r'yilnm  ni((iir/aiie'- 
tH  niiinim  uddriiiii,  Snperox' yiliiiii  )n<iii;/iiii'icnin, 
(F.)  O.ii/de  iioir  <le  niaii/janeie.  This  oxide  is  not 
much  used  in  medicine.  It  has  been  advised  to 
dust  tlie  affected  parts,  in  tinea  capitis,  with  the 
powdi'r.  It  is  officinal  in  the  Edinburgh  phar- 
inaeopiBia.  and  is  used  in  preparing  chlorine,  solu- 
tion of  chlorine,  and  solution  of  chlorinated  soda. 
Manoane.se,  Salts  of,  see  Manganese,  sul- 
phate of.  ^ 

MANGANESE  OXYDE  NOIR  BE,  Man- 
ganese, black  oxide  of. 

Man'ganese,  StiLi'HATE  OF,  Mungnne'sii  Sttl- 
plina  seu  Prntnx'idi  Snlphan,  Sulphate  of  Pro- 
tox't'df.  of  Maii'gnnene.  A  rose-coloured  and  very 
soluble  s.alt,  isomorphous  with  sulphate  of  mag- 
nesia. It  is  prepared  on  a  large  scale  for  the  use 
of  the  dyer,  by  heating,  in  a  close  vessel,  peroxide 
of  manganese  and  coal,  and  dissolving  the  im- 
pure protoxide,  thus  obt.ained,  in  sulphuric  acid, 
with  the  addition  of  a  little  cholohydric  acid 
towards  the  end  of  the  process.  Tlie  solution  is 
evaporated  (o  dryness,  and  again  exposed  to  a  red 
heat,  by  which  the  persulphate  of  iron  is  decom- 
posed. Water  then  dissolves  the  pure  sulphate 
of  manganese,  leaving  the  oxide  of  iron  behind. 
This  salt  has  been  recommended  as  a  chola- 
gogue,  in  doses  of  a  drachm  or  two. 

Tlie  «((//«  tif  mn)if)niiene  have  been  recommended 
in  chlorosis  and  araenorrhoca,  and  as  substitutes 
for  chalybeates  generally.     The  subcarbonate  and 
the  oxide  have  been  chiefly  employed. 
Manganese,  TETnoxinE  op,  M.  Black  oxide  of. 
MANHANESII    RINOXIDUM,    Manganese, 
black  oxiile  of — m.  Oxidum,  Manganese,  black 
oxide  of — m.  Peroxydum  nigrum  nativum.  Man- 
ganese, black   oxide  of- — m.    Protoxi<li   sulphas. 
Manganese,  sulphate  of — m.  Sulphas,  Manganese, 
Buljihafe  of 
MAXGAXESIUM,  Manganese. 
Manganesu'm   Ochkaceum   Nigruw,  Manga- 
nese, black  oxide  of — ni.  Oxydatum  nativum  seu 
nigrum.  Manganese,  black  oxide  of — m.  Vitra- 
riorum.  Manganese,  black  oxi<le  of. 

MAX(JAXI  OXODES  NATIVA,  Manganese, 
black  oxido  of. 

MAXCJAXICUM  SUPEROXIDUM,  Manga- 
nese, black  oxide  of. 

MAXC.AXIUM.  Mansrnnese. 
M  A  X  t!  A  X  U  M    OXYDATUM    NATIVUM, 
Manganese,  black  oxide  of. 
MAXdK.  Scabies  ferina. 

MAXtJIF'ERA  IX'DICA.  -ir.  dometi'ticn,  from 
mniKjii,  the  fruit,  and/pro,  '  I  bear.'  The  M<xn<jn 
tree,  (F.)  }[iuiifitirr.  Ord.  TerebinthaccsB.  A 
tree  cultivated  over  Asia,  and  in  South  America. 
Mangos,  when  ripe,  are  juicy,  of  a  good  flavour, 


and  so  fragrant  as  to  perfume  the  air  to  a  con- 
siderable distance.    They  are  eaten,  either  raw  or 
preserved  with  sugar.     From  the  expressed  juice 
a  wine  is  prepared:  and  tlie  remainder  of  the  ker- 
nel can  be  reduced  to  an  excellent  flour  for  bread. 
MANGO  TREE,  Mansjifera  Indiea. 
MANGONISATIO,  Falsification. 
MAN(;OXIUM.  Falsification. 
MAXGOSTAX'^,  (iarcinia  inangostana 

MANGCSTANA,  Garcinia  mangostana — tn. 
Cambogia.  Garcinia  eambogia — m.  Garcinia,  Gar- 
cinia mangostana. 

MAN(jOUSTAN,  Garcinia  mangostana. 

M AN(iO.S'rKEX'',  Garcinia  mangostana. 

MANGUIER,  Mangifora  Indiea, 

MANHOOD,  Adult  age. 

MANI,  Arachis  h3'pog;ta. 

JIA'NIA,  Furor,  IleiiiidiitJiro'pia,  Furor  seU 
Euphro'uid  seu  Delir'ium  VKtiilti,  Iiifui'iiin,  Ue- 
lif'ium  tuaiii'ticum  seu  fiirio'aum,  Jfiniin  iiniver- 
no'lin,  Vend'iiiri  mania,  (F.)  Manie,  Hiiperplir^iiic, 
Raving  or  furious  inadnexi,  (Sc.)  ]r<;(/)ie»/  from 
jxaivojiai,  '  I  am  furious.'  With  some,  it  means  )'»- 
Hunity.  Disorder  of  the  intellect,  in  which  there 
is  erroneous  judgment  or  hallucination,  which 
im|iels  to  acts  of  fury.  If  the  raving  be  not  di- 
rected to  a  single  object,  it  is  mania  properly  so 
called  ;  if  to  one  object,  it  constitutes  nitintiuianiu, 
which  term  is,  however,  usually  given  to  melan- 
choly. Mania  attacks  adults  chiefly;  and  wo- 
men more  frequently  than  men.  The  prognosia 
is  unfavourable.  About  one-third  never  recover  ; 
and  they  who  do  are  apt  to  relapse.  Separation 
is  one  of  the  most  eB'ective  tiieans  of  treatment, 
with  attention  to  the  corporeal  condition  and 
every  thing  that  can  add  to  the  mental  comfort; 
of  the  patient,  and  turn  his  thoughts  away  from 
the  subjects  of  his  delusion.  In  the  violence  of 
the  paroxysms,  recourse  must  be  had  to  the  strait 
waistcoat,  the  shower  bath,  &c.  Separation 
should  be  continued  for  some  weeks  during  con- 
valescence, with  the  view  of  preventing  a  relapse. 

Mania,  Dancing.  Dancing  plague.  A  form 
of  convulsion,  which  has  appeared,  at  various 
times,  e(iideiuically  under  the  form  of  St.  Titus's 
dance,  St.  John's  dance,  Tarantism,  Hj'stcria, 
Tigretier  (in  Abyssinia),  and  diseased  sympathy: 
and  which  has  been  fully  described  by  llecker  in 
his  '  Epidemics  of  the  Middle  Ages.'  See  Con- 
vuhionuaire. 

Mania  Ei'ii.eptica.  see  Epilepsy — m.  Erotica, 
Erotomania  —  m.  Lactea,  JI.  puerperal  —  in.  Me- 
lancholiea.  Melancholy — m.  a  Patbemate,  Empa- 
thema — m.  a  Potu,  Delirium  tremens.  i 

Mania,  Puer'peuai,,  J/,  puerpera'mm  ocu'ta 
seu  p»irrpera'lis  SCU  lac'ten,  Insn'nia  puerpera'- 
rum,  Eneephalopathi'n  pnerpera'/is,  Puer'pernl 
Tnsanit;).  Mania  which  supervenes  in  the  child- 
bed state. 

Mania  PtiERPERARum  Acuta,  M.  puerperal  — 
in.  «lue  DcUrio,  Pathomania  —  m.  a  Tcmulentia, 
Delirium  tremens — m.  Pellagria,  Pellagra. 

MANIACAL,  Maniodes. 

MANIACUS.  Maniodes. 

MANICA  IIIPPOCRATIS,  Chauxse. 

MANICOCOMIUxM,  Morotrophium. 

MANIE.  Mania — m.  sann  Dflire,  Einpathema. 

MAXKJUETTA.  Amomurn  grana  paradisi. 

MANIIIOT  UTILISSIMA,  .Tatropha  manihot. 

MAXTIliAR,  Jatropha  manihot. 

MANIKIN.  Fantom. 

MANILU'VIUM,  Jfatuilu'vjiim,  from  vtanun, 
'the  hand.'  and  lavo,  'I  wash.'  A  bath  for  the 
hands.  It  may  be  rendered  stimulating,  by 
means  of  muriatic  acid,  mustard,  Ac. 

MANIOC.  Jatropha  manihot. 

MANIO'DES,  Mani'acui,  Mani'acnl.  One  la- 
bouring under  mania;  Jhnn'anthro'pus,  Fiirio'8U8, 
Furibun'duS)  Li/ssas,  Lijune'ter, 


MxVNIPULATION 


5r,8 


MARIGOLD 


MAXIPULA'TION,  from  vinnus,  'a  band.' 
M<)<le  (if  working,  ay  in  pharmacy. 

MANIP'ULUS,  (F.)  Fuiipi^e.  The  quantity 
of  a  substance  capable  of  filling  the  hand,  A 
handful.     See  Fasciculus. 

MAX-MIDWIFE,  Accoucheur. 

MANNA,  see  Fra.\inus  ornus  —  m.  Brianjon, 
see  Pinus  larix. 

Manna  Buigantina,  see  Pinus  larix — m.  Cala- 
hrina,  see  Fraxinus  nrnus  —  ni.  Croup.   Semolina 
—  m.  Larioea,  see  Pinus  larix  —  m.  Metallorum, 
llvdrarijvri  subinurias. 
'jfA XNEQf'/iV,  Fantom. 

MANNIKIN,  Fantom. 

MANNIN,  see  Fraxinus  ornus. 

MANNITE,  see  Fraxinus  ornus. 

j1/AA^ffi6'F/^^(F.), pronounced  and  anglicized 
Jfaueu'vre  ;  from  mnin,  'the  hand,'  and  aiivre, 
'  work.'  A  dexterous  movement.  Applied  in 
France  to  the  practice  of  surgical  or  obstetrical 
operations  on  the  dead  body  or  phantom  ;  Ojje- 
ro'tio  chiriir'i/ica  seu  ohxtet'rica. 

MANSANA  ARBOKEA,  see  Jujube. 

MANSFORD'S  PLATES,  see  Galvanism. 

MANSOKIUS,  Buccinator. 

MANSTUPRATIO,  Masturbation. 

MANTELE,  Bandage  (body). 

MANTI'A,  Man'tictt,  Mon'tlce,  in  English, 
T»((iici/  ;  a  common  suffix,  from  the  Greek,  deno- 
ting '  divination;' Z>!"yi'Ha'<jo,  PrcBdiviimtio,  Prm- 
s.i'qiiim, 

MANTILE,  Bandage  (body). 

MANTLE.  Panniculus  carnosus. 

MANU'BRIUM,  from  man,ii>,  'a  hand.'  The 
handle  of  any  thing:  —  as  mnnu'hrinm  mnl'lei, 
petiohiH  nial'lei.  'the  handle  of  the  malleus.' 

MAN^17^HIU^f,  Chasne — m.  Jlanfis,  Radius. 

Manubrium  Sterni.  The  uppermost  broad 
part  of  the  sternum. 

MANIILUVIUM,  Bath,  hand,  Maniluvium. 

MANUS,  /jno),  'I  feel,'  naofiai,  '1  take,'  Cheiv, 
Chir,  Inn1rume>i'tiim  [iistninieiitd'riim,  I/ioiiI,  Pnic, 
(F.)  Main.  The  part  which  terminates  the  upper 
extremity  in  man,  and  which  is  inscrvientto  pre- 
hension and  touch.  It  extends  from  the  fold  of 
tlie  wrist  to  the  extremity  of  the  fingers.  The 
hand  is  sustained  by  a  bony  skeleton,  composed 
of  a  number  of  pieces,  movable  on  each  other; 
of  muscles,  tendons,  cartilages,  ligaments,  ves- 
sels, nerves,  &c.  It  is  divideii  into  three  parts — 
the  carpus  or  wrist,  the  witturiirpiin,  and  fixgers. 
Its  concave  surface  is  called  the  ptihii  ;  the  con- 
rex  surface  the  hack  of  the  Jia»tf.  The  facility 
of  being  able  to  oppose  the  thumb  to  the  fingers 
in  order  to  seize  objects  forms  one  of  the  dis- 
tinctive characters  of  the  human  hand. 

Mantis  Christi  Pprla'ta.  A  name  anciently 
given  to  troclies,  prepared  of  pearls  and  su2:ar  of 
roses.  They  were  called  Maiiuii  CInisti  shn'plices, 
■when  pearls  were  not  employed. 

Manus  Dei.  An  ancient  plaster,  prepared  of 
iva.r,  myrrh,  frankincense,  maslich,  gtim  ammo- 
iiific,  f/a/banum,  oil,  &c.     See  Opium. 

Manus  Hupatis,  see  Liver  —  m.  .Tecoris,  see 
Liver — m.  Parva  maiori  adjutrix,  see  Digitus. 

MANUSTUPRATIO.  Masturbation. 

MANUSTUPRATOR,  Masturbator. 

MANYPLTES,  Omasum. 

MAPLE,  Acer  saccharinum — m.  Ground,  ITcu- 
chera  cortusa — m.  Red,  Acer  rubrum — m.  Striped, 
Acer  Pennsvlvanicum. 

MARATS^,  Marsh. 

MARANSrS,  Atrophy. 

MARANTA,  Arrow-root  —  m.  Arundinacea, 
Arrow-root. 

MarAK'ta  Gx^.ky'GX,  Alpi'nia  gnlan'r/a,  Amo'- 
mnm  galanrfn,  Oalanija.  Onl.  Zingiberaceap. 
The  swnUer  f/a/an'<faf.  Two  kinds  of  galangal 
are  mentioned  in  the  pharmacopoeias ;  the  greater, 


obtained  from  Kcrmpferin  gnhivgn,  njid  tho 
smaller,  from  the  root  of  Jlariiiila  gnlaiign.  The 
dried  root  is  brought  from  China,  in  pieces  from 
one  to  two  inches  in  length,  but  scarcely  half  ns 
thick;  branched;  full  of  knots  and  joints,  with 
several  circular  rings,  of  a  reddish  brown  colour, 
on  the  outside,  and  brownish  within.  It  waa 
formerly  much  used  as  a  warm  stomachic  bitter, 
and  gcncrallv  ordered  in  bitter  infusions. 

MAKASCIIINO,  see  Si>irit. 

MARASMOP'YRA,  Febris  marasmo'ihs,  from 
liapac/io;,  '  marasmus,'  and  nvp,  '  fever.'  Fever 
of  emaciation  in  general.     Hectic  fever. 

MARASMUS,  Atrojjhy  — ni.  Lactantium,  Pa;- 
datropbia — m.  Phtliisis,  Phthisis  fuilnionalis. 

Marasmi-s  Skni'lis,  Tabes  srnnm,  Geronta- 
troph'iu.     Progressive  atrophy  of  the  aged. 

JIarasmus  Tabes,  Tabes — m.  Tabes  dorsnlis, 
Tabes  dorsalis. 

MARATIIRI'TES.  frora  ^apa^fov,  'fennel.' 
Wine  impregnated  with  fennel. 

MARATHROPIIYLLUM,  Peucedanum. 

MARATHRUM,  Anethum— m.  Sylveslre,  Peu- 
cedanuu!. 

I^IARAITGIA,  Metamorphopsia. 

MAKBLE,  Marmor. 

MAR  HUE,  Marmor. 

MARC.  Magma. 

MARCASITA,  Bismuth  — m.  Alba,  Bismuth, 
subnitrate  of — ra.  Phimbea,  Aiitimoniiun. 

MARCASITiE  MAGISTERIUM,  Bismuth, 
subnitrate  of. 

MARCHAN'TTA  POLYMOR'PHA,  M.  sieJ. 
la'ta.  seu  umbella'ta,  Jlepat'iea  fotita'na.  Lichen 
stella'tns,  Jecora'ria,  Liv'erwort,  (F.)  U('p<tliq)ie 
des  fontaines.  Ord.  Ilepaticae.  This  plant  is 
mildly  pungent  and  bitter.  It  is  recommended 
as  aperient,  resolvent,  and  antiscorbutic;  and  is 
used  in  diseased  liver,  Ac. 

MARCIIE  {LA),  Walking. 

MARCIIIO'NIS  PULVIS,  Powder  of  the  3/nr. 
qnis.  A  powder,  formerly  considered  to  be  anti- 
epileptic;  and  composed  of  Male  peony  mnt,  Mis'- 
tlctoe.  Ivory  nhavings,  Horn  of  the  hoof  (f  the  stag, 
Spodiinn,   Tooth  of  the  woiiodon,  coral,  <fec. 

IVIARCORES,  Atrophy,  Emaciation. 

MARCORY,  Stillingiii. 

MARECAGEVX,  Elodes. 

MAREMMATIQVE,  see  Elodes. 

31 A  RED,  Puna. 

MARE'S  FAT,  Inula  dysenterica— m.  Tail, 
Ilippuris  vulgaris. 

MARGA  CAN'DIDA,  Lac  hintp.  An  ancient 
name  for  a  variety  of  spongy,  white,  friable  marl, 
which  was  employed  as  an  astringent  and  refri- 
gerant. 

MARGARETIZZA,  Scherlievo. 

MARGARITA,  Pearl. 

MARGARITA'CEOIIS,  Mnrgnrita'cens,  Nn'- 
creous,  (F.)  Nacre ;  from  viargarita,  'pearl,  mo- 
ther of  pearl.'  Resembling,  or  of  the  nature  of, 
mother  of  pearl, — as  Leuco'ma  Margaritu'cetnn ; 
Pearl-like  lencoma. 

MARGARON,  Pearl. 

MARGELIS,  Pearl. 

MAP GELLTITM,  Pearl. 

MARGIN  J.  S'lrS-SCA  P  UL  0-  TR  0  CIJITE- 
RIEX.  Teres  minor. 

MARGO,  Bord — ra.  Dentatus,  see  Retina— m. 
Orbitalis,  see  Orbit. 

MARGUERLTE  PETITE,  Bcllis  — m.  dei 
Prcs.  qrande,  Chrysantbemnm  leucrintbemum. 

MARIENBAD,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Celebrated  springs  in  Bohemia.  The  Krcuzbrunn 
contains  sulphate  of  soda,  carbonate  of  iron,  and 
carbonic  acid. 

MARIGOLD,  DIAMOND  FIG.  Mescmbryan- 
themum  cr.vstnllinum  —  m.  Garden,  Calendida 
officinalis — m.  Marsh,  Caltha  palustris — ni.  Sin- 


MAUIOTTE,  EXPERIMENT  OF,        56  9 


MARSYriON 


gle,  Ciilendula  officinalis — m.  Wild,  Calendula 
arven^is. 

MAllEOTTE',  EXPERIMENT  OF,  (F.)  Ex- 
jtfn'eine  ilf  Afnriolte.  A  celebrated  experiment 
of  the  Al)l)6  Mariotte,  which  consists  in  phicing 
two  small  round  sjiots  on  a  wall  at  some  distance 
from  eacli  other,  standing  opposite  the  left-hand 
oliject,  and  looking  at  it  with  the  right  eye,  the 
left  liriiig  dosed..  By  walking  backwards,  until 
the  distance  from  the  object  is  about  five  times 
ns  great  as  the  distance  between  the  two  objects, 
the  latter  will  be  found  to  disappear.  Mariotte 
iiiul,  lifter  him,  many  ophthalmologists,  inferred 
that  the  optic  nerve,  on  which  the  ray  doubtless 
falls  in  this  experiment,  is  insensible:  and  hence 
that  the  choroid  may  be  the  seat  of  vision,  —  not 
the  retina.  The  inference  is  illogical;  for  it 
(li)ubtlcss  falls  on  the  part  of  the  optic  nerve 
where  the  central  artery  enters,  and  the  central 
vein  leaves  the  eyeball,  and  where  there  is  neces- 
Siirily  no  neurinc. 

MA  Ills,  iini)if.  Ancient  name  of  a  measure, 
contiiiuing  8lj  pints  and  4  ounces. 

WAIUSCA,  Ficus,  llaemorrhois. 

M M'JOLAINE,  Origanum  majorana. 

MARJORAM,  COMMON,  Origanum— ra.  Wild. 
Origaiuiiii — m.  Sweet,  Origanum  majorana. 

MAK.IORANA,  Origanum  majorana — in.  Man- 
curana.  Origanum. 

MARMAIiADE,  Marmelade. 

MAK.MAKYtJE,  see  Metamorphopsia. 

MARMARYGO'DES,  ,,apn,ipvy<.>hr,i,  'brilliant.' 
An  epithet,  joined  particularly  to  the  word  o(p&n\- 
((i){,  to  indicate  a  brilliant  eye,  a  flashing  eye. 
An  eye  which  transmits  the  image  of  imaginary 
objocts.     See  Metamorphopsia. 

MAR'MELADE,  Jl/m-meWcIn,  Bfarweht'tu, 
Mnniiiiliide,  Jliva.  Parts  of  vegetables,  con- 
fected  with  sugar,  and  reduced  to  a  pultaceous 
consistence. 

Mahmklade  of  Apricots.  A  marmelade, 
prepared  with  two  parts  of  ripe  apricots  deprived 
of  their  stones,  and  one  part  of  white  sugar. 

Mahmklade  of  Fbunki,,  M.  of  Tronehin. 

Mai!Mki,ai)E  op  Tkonchin,  or  op  Fkrnel.  A 
kind  of  thick  looeh,  of  an  agreeable  taste,  pre- 
pared with  two  ounces  of  oil  of  sweet  alnioiidn,  as 
much  Hi/nip  of  violetx,  niainin  in  tears,  very  fresh 
j>tili)  (f  cassia,  16  grains  of  f/)im  tragacanth,  and 
two  draehins  of  orange  flower  wafer.  It  is  used 
as  a  laxative,  demulcent,  and  pectoral. 

MARAtETiATA,  Marmelade. 

M.'VRJIOR,  fiapfiopos,  ^farhle,  Calcis  Car'honas 
diirus,  (F.)  Slarlne.  White  granular  carbonate 
of  lime.  Used  in  pharmacy  for  the  preparation 
of  a  pure  lime,  and  the  disengagement  of  carbonic 
afi<l. 

MARMORATA  AURIUM,  Cerumen. 

MAK.MOROS.  Marmor. 

M.VRMORYGE,  see  Metapnorphopsia — m.IIip- 
poeralis.  Hemiopia. 

M MlOt'TE.  Anthemis  cotula. 

MAURLUiEAHEE.  Nubile. 

MAR'RIOTT,  DRY  VOMIT  OF.  This  once 
celebrated  emetic,  called  dry,  from  its  being  ex- 
hibited without  drink,  consisted  of  equal  portions 
of  Inrtarizrd  aiiliiiKiin/.  an<l  sulphate  of  copper. 

MAintONlElt  JJ- IND E,  JEsculus  Ilippocas- 
taniiiii. 

MARROW.  Mi/'elos,  Medul'la,  M.  ostium, 
jfi (I'ld/iiri/  tfiiicf,  A.r>iti';/>n  de  ^fum'ia,  Jfiimia  de 
ilididlis,  Sax.  mens,  (F.)  Moelle,  Sue  mididlaire. 
The  oily,  inflammable,  whitish  or  yellowish  juice, 
which  fills  the  medullary  canal  of  the  long  bones, 
the  cancellated  structure  nt  the  extremities  of 
those  bones,  the  diploii  of  flat  bones,  and  the  in- 
terior of  short  bones.  The  marrow  is  furnished 
by  the  exhalation  of  the  medullary  membrane. 
It  is  fluid  during  life,  and  appears  under  the  form 


of  small  points  or  brilliant  grains  after  death.  It 
is  enveloped  in  the  medullary  membrane. 

Maurow,  Si'ixAL,  Medulla  spinalis  —  m.  Ver- 
tebral, Medulla,  spinalis. 

3fARRUnE  BLANC,  Marrubium  — m.  Noir, 
Ballofa  fa'tid.a. 

MARRU'BIUM,  M.  vxdgn're  seu  alhnm  seu 
Gervifiii'ieiim  seu  apidinri,  Pra'sium.  Phrnsiim, 
Horelioiind,  (F.)  Marrnbe  hlaiic.  Ord.  Labiatse. 
The  leaves  have  a  moderately  strong,  aromatic 
smell;  and  a  very  bitter,  penetrating,  diffusive, 
and  durable  taste.  It  has  often  been  given  in 
cousrhs  and  asthmas,  united  with  sugar.  Dose,  ,^S3 
to  f,],  in  infusion  ;   dose  of  extract,  gr.  x  to  ^^ss. 

Ford's  Balsam  of  IIorehound,  is  made  as 
follows  :  —  horehoitnd,  liquorice  root,  aa  Ibiij  and 
,^viij;  water,  q.  s.  to  strain  ibvj.  Infuse.  To 
the  strained  liquor  add  : — proof  spirit  or  brandy, 
ft)  12  ;  camphor,  ,^j  and  ^\}  ;  opium  and  benjamin, 
aa  ^}  :  dried  sf/nills,  ,^ij;  oil  of  aniseed,  ^j  j 
honey,  Ihiij  and  .^viij. — Gray.     It  is  pectoral. 

Marrubium,  Leonurus  cardiaca — m.  Album, 
Marrubium  —  m.  Apulum,  Marrubium  —  m.  Ger- 
manicum,  Marrubium  —  m.  Nigrum,  Ballota  foe- 
tida — m.  Vulgare.  Marrubium. 

MARS,  Ferrum — m.  Solubilis,  Ferrum  tartari- 
zatnm. 

MARSEILLES,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  The  re- 
marks made  upon  the  climate  of  Montpelier  ap- 
ply even  in  greater  force  to  that  of  JNIarseilles. 
It  possesses  all  the  objectionable  qualities  of  the 
climate  of  southeastern  France. 

MARSH,  Limne,  IIclos,  Palus,  Sax.  mePrC, 
(F.)  Jfarais.  ]\Inrshy  districts  give  off  emana- 
tions, which  are  the  fruitful  source  of  disease 
and  the  cause  of  great  insalubrity  in  many  coun- 
tries. The  chief  disease,  occasioned  liy  the  mala- 
ria or  miasm,  is  intermittent  fever.  Hence  it  be- 
comes important  to  drain  such  regions,  if  practi- 
cable. Some  marshy  countries  are  not  so  liable 
to  phthisis  pulmonalis,  and  it  has  been  found, 
that  where  intermittents  have  been  got  rid  of  by 
draining,  consumption  has,  at  times,  become  fre- 
quent. The  most  unhealthy  periods  for  resi- 
dence in  a  marshy  district  are  during  the  exist- 
en('e  of  the  summer  and  autumnal  heats;  at 
which  times  the  water  becomes  evaporated,  and 
the  marshy  bottom  is  more  or  less  exposed  to  the 
sun's  rays.  This  postulatum  seems  necessary  for 
'the  production  of  the  miasmata:  for  whilst  the 
marsh  is.  well  covered  with  water,  no  miasm  ia 
given  off. 

JIarsh  Poison,  Miasm  (marsh)  —  m.  Mallow, 
Althroa  —  m.  Root,  Statiee  Caroliniana  —  m.  Tea, 
Ledum  pnlustre. 

MARSHALL'S  CERATE,  see  Cerate,  Mar- 
shall's. 

MARSHY.  Elodes. 

MARSTPIUM,  Marsupion. 

MARSUM,  Jlfar'siiini,  Jfar'sienm.  An  ancient 
wine  of  ]\Iarsia,  in  Italy,  which  was  used  as  an 
astrinsrent  in  certain  diseases  of  the  mouth. 

MARSUPIAL,  see  Marsupion. 

MARSUPIALIS,  Ischio-trochanterianus,  Ob- 
turator infernns. 

JMARSUPIATE,  see  Marsupion. 

MARSU'PION,  Marsnpninn.  Jfarsyp'ion,  Mar- 
sip'pon,  Marsn'pinm.  Mars!]>'iinn,  Sac'cnlus.  (finp- 
cvTTioi',  'a  small  sack,  a  purse.')  A  sack  or  bag, 
with  which  any  part  is  fomented.  Also,  the  ab- 
dominal pouch  in  the  kangaroo,  opossum,  <tc., 
into  which  the  yonnir,  horn  at  a  very  early  stage 
of  development,  are  received  and  nourished  with 
milk  secreted  from  glands  which  open  into  the 
pouches.  Such  animals  are  termed  Marsn'jiial, 
Marsii'piate.  .Varsn2)ia'lia.     See  Generation. 

MARSUPIUM,  Scrotum  — m.  Musculosiim, 
Dartos. 

MARSYPION,  Marsupion. 


31 A  R  TEA  U 


570 


MASTITIS 


.VARTEAU,  Malleus. 

MARTIAL.  Chalybeate. 

MARTIALIS,  Chalybeate. 

MAllTIANA   POMA,  see  Citrus  aurantiura. 

MARTIA'TUM  UNGUEN'TUM,  (F.)  On- 
(jiieiit  de  &il(lnt,  Soldier's  oiiilnu-nt.  This  was 
composed  of  hay  berries,  rue,  marjoram,  mint,  sof/e, 
wornncnod,  basil,  olive  oil,  yellow  wax,  and  Ma- 
laga wine.  It  was  invented  by  Martian  ;  and  was 
employed  by  soldiers  as  a  preservative  against 
injuries  from  cold. 

MARTIS  LIMATURA,  Ferri  limatura. 

MARUM  CORTUSI,  Teucrium  uiarum  — m. 
Creticum,  Teui^riura  marum — m.  Syriacum,  Teu- 
crium marum  —  m.  Veruni,  Teucrium  marum  — 
m.  Vuljrare,  Thymus  mastiuhina. 

MARUTA  C'OTULA,  Anthemis  cotula. 

MAS,  Male,  Modiolus. 

MASCARFIO.  Masturhator. 

MASCHALADENI'TIS,  from  iiaaxa\r,,  'the 
axilla,'  and  adenitis,  'inflammation  of  a  gland.' 
Inflummation  of  the  p;lands  of  the  axilla. 

MASCHALE.  Axilla. 

MASCHALIiEUS.  Axillary. 

MASCHALIATRI'A,  from  na<,xa\v,  'the 
axilla,' and  tur^jcta,  '  healing.'  Treatment  of  dis- 
ease by  applications  made  to  the  axilla. 

MASCIIALIS,  Axilla. 

MASCUALISTER,  Axis. 

MASCIIALON'CUS,  jMasclialopa'nns,  from 
ItaaxaXri,  'the  axilla,'  and  oyKnf,  'a  tumour.'  A 
tumour  or  bubo  or  swellina;  in  the  axilla. 

MASCIIALOPANUS,  Maschaloncus. 

MASCULA,  Tribade. 

MASCULUS,  Male. 

MASESIS,  Mastication. 

MASHUA,  (S.)  A  tuberous  root,  of  a  flat, 
pyramidal  shape,  which  is  cultivated  and  cooked 
lil<e  the  potato  by  the  Serranos  of  Peru.  It  is 
watery  and  insipid,  but  nevertheless  is  much 
eaten  by  them.  The  Indians  use  the  mashua  as 
a  medicine  in  dropsy,  dyspepsia,  and  dysentery. 
The  plant  is  unknown  to  botanists. — Tsehudi. 

MASK,  Larva,  (F.)  3/asqne,  Lnrve.  A  band- 
age applied  over  the  face,  as  a  sort  of  mask,  in 
cases  of  burns,  scalds,  or  erysipelas.  It  serves  to 
preserve  the  parts  from  the  contact  of  air,  and  to 
retain  topical  applications  in  situ.  It  is  made  of 
a  piece  of  linen,  of  the  size  of  the  face,  in  which 
apertures  are  made  corresponding  to  the  eyes,' 
nose,  and  mouth,  and  which  is  fixed  by  means 
of  strings  stitched  to  the  four  angles. 

MASKED,  Larva'tns,  (F.)  Larre.  Disguised, 
—as  a"H(ns/,-crf/(2i'e?-,"  orone  which  is  not  clearly 
developed.     See  Fever,  masked. 

MASLAGII,  3lo8lich,  Am'pln'on,  An'fion.  A 
medicine  much  used  by  the  Turks,  and' into  the 
composition  of  which  opium  enters.  It  is  ex- 
citant. 

MASQUE,  Mask. 

MASS,  na^a,  Maza,  Massa,  from  itaaaui,  '  I 
mix.'  The  compound,  from  which  pills  have  to 
be  formed. 

MASSA,  Mass  —  m.  Carnea  Jacobi  Sylvii,  see 
Flexor  longus  digitorum  pedis  profundus  perfo- 
rans — m.  de  Dactylis,  Paste,  date — m.  de  Ex- 
tracto  glyeyrrhizaa,  Pasta  glycyrrhiziK,  <fec.— m. 
de  Gummi  Arabieo,  Paste,  marshmallow — m.  de 
Zizyphorum  fructu,  Paste  of  jujubes. 

MASSAGE.  Shampooing. 

3IASSE  lYEAO,  Typha  latifolia. 

MASSEMA.  Mastication. 

MASSEMENT,  Shampooing. 

MASSEPAINS  Biscuits,  medicinal. 

MASSES  APOPHYSAIRES,  see  VertebrsB. 

MASSESIS.  Mastication. 

MASSE'TER,  from  fiatraofiat,  'T  eat,'  'I  chew.' 
M'is'cnliia  tnandibiila'ris,  (F.)  Zycjomnto-maxil- 
laire.     A  muscle  situate  at  the  posterior  part  of 


the  cheek,  and  lying  upon  the  ramus  of  the  lower 
jaw-bone.  It  is  long,  quadrilateral,  and  is  at- 
tached, above,  to  the  inferior  edge  and  to  thu 
inner  surface  of  the  zygomatic  arch;  below,  it 
terminates  at  the  angle  of  the  jnw,  and  at  the 
outer  surface  and  inferior  margin  of  the  ramus 
of  that  bone.  It  is  composed  of  an  interpiixturo 
of  fleshy  and  aponeurotic  fibres.  Its  ofiico  is  tu 
raise  the  lower  jaw,  and  to  act  in  mastication. 

Massi;tkr  Inteiinus,  Pterygoidcus  interims 

MASSETER'IC,  Max'nelrrine,  Mas.eUr' i,',„, 
Masseteri'nus.  (F.)  3tasseterin,  jVassflfrii/iie.  Re- 
lating or  beloni;ing  to  the  masscter  muscle. 

MASSBTERINK,  Masseteric. 

Masseterine  Authuy  arises  from  the  trunk 
of  the  internal  maxillary  or  temporalis  profiuuia 
posterior,  and  is  distributed  to  the  masseter  nnis- 
cle,  after  having  passed,  horizontally,  through 
the  sigmoid  notch  of  the  lower  jaw-bone. 

Masseterine  Nerve  is  given  off  from  the 
inferior  maxillary  branch  of  the  fifth  pair.  It 
passes  through  the  sigmoid  notch,  and  is  distri- 
lauted  on  the  inner  surface  of  the  mnsseter.  In 
luxation  of  the  lower  jaw,  this  nerve  is  strongly 
stretched,  and  considerable  pain,  consequently, 
produced. 

Massetrhine  Vein  has  the  same  distrihutinn 
as  the  artery.  It  opens  into  the  internal  maxil- 
lary vein. 

MASSETERINUS.  Masseteric. 

MASSETTE,  Typha  latifolia. 

MASSICOT,  Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreum. 

MASSING,  Shampooing. 

MASSULA,  Molecule. 

MASTADENITIS,  Mastitis. 

MASTALGIA.  Mastodynia. 

MA  ST  AX,  Mvstax. 

MASTE:\IA,  Masticatory. 

MASTER  OF  THE  WOODS,  Galium  circse- 
zans. 

MASTERWORT,  Angelica  atropurpurea,  Ile- 
racleum  lanatum,  Imperatoria. 

MASTESIS,  Mastication. 

MASTIIELCOSIS.  Mastodynia  apostematosa. 

MASTHOS,  Mamma. 

MASTICA'TION,  Masticn'tio,  Mase'eis,  Mat- 
se'sis  3fasse'ma,  Jfaste'iiis,  3fandiica')in.  Cnm- 
maiiduca'iio,  3/andnca'tion,  Chewing,  Chawing, 
from  ixaoTixato,  'I  gnash  the  teeth.'  The  action 
of  bruising  food  in  the  mouth,  to  prepare  it  for 
the  digestion  it  has  to  undergo  in  the  stomach. 
This  is  executed  by  the  joint  action  of  the  tongue, 
cheeks,  and  lips,  which  push  the  alimentary  sub- 
stance between  the  teeth  ;  and  by  the  motions  of 
the  lower  jaw  it  is  cut,  torn,  or  bruised. 

MAS'TICATORY,  3fasticato'rinm,  3fnsle'ma, 
Diamante' nia.  (F.)  3Iasticato{re.  Same  etymon. 
Chewing.  Relating  or  appertaining  to  m:iptica- 
tion  or  chewing.  Also,  a  substance,  chewed  with 
the  intention  of  exciting  the  secretion  of  saliva. 

Masticatory  Nerve,  gee  Trigemini. 

MASTICH,  see  Pistacia  lentiscus  —  m.  Herb, 
common,  Thymus  mastichina — m.  Herb,  Syrian, 
Teucrium  maruna — m.  Tree,  Pistacia  lentifcus. 

MASTICHEL^ON,  see  Pistacia  lentiscus. 

MASTICHINA  GALLORUM,  Thymus  mas- 
tichina. 

MASTIGODES  IIOMTNTS,  Trichocephalus. 

M  A  S  T  I  G  0  '  S  I S.  Flagella'tio.  Flagellation, 
scourging;  employed  by  the  ancients  as  a  remedy 
in  many  diseases. 

MASTI'TIS,  3Ias1oi'iis,  3rastouli'tis.  3fommi'- 
tis,  3/azoi'fis,  Inflawma'lio  3/annnfP,  3fai'ti(ih'iii'- 
fis,  (F.)  Inflammation  des  3tamelles,  3lammile, 
from  naoToi,  'the  breast,' and  itis.  denoting  in- 
flammation. Inflammation  of  the  breast.  In- 
flammation of  the  mammary  gland  of  the  preg- 
nant or  parturient  female  is  vulgarly  called  a 
weid  or  weed,  and  a  weed  in  the  breast. 


MASTIX 


571 


MATERIA 


Mastitis  Apostematosa,  Mastodynia  aposte- 
natoiia. 

Mastitis  Pueupf.ua'lis.    Inflammation  of  the 
muinma  in  the  childbed  woman. 
MASTIX,  see  Pistaiaa  lentiscus. 
M  A  S  T  0-C  A 11 C I N  0 '  M  A,  from  ixaaroi,  '  the 
breast,'  and  varoinomu.     Carcinoma  or  cancer  of 
the  breast. 

MASTO-CTIONDRO'SrS,  from  /^«(7rot,  'the 
breast,'  and  ;^oi'3/)of, '  a  cartihige.'  A  cartihiginous 
formation  in  die  breast. 

MASTODES,  Mastoid. 

M  A  S  T  0  D  Y  N  '  I  A,  Ifastal'e/ia,  Mazo(hjn'in, 
from /jaffToj,  'the  breast,'  and  o^wri,  'pain.'  Pain 
in  tbo  breasts;  a  form  of  neuralgia.  See  Neu- 
ralgia mainmic. 

Mastodvn'ia  Aposthmato'sa,  Phlecj'mone 
Mdiiimie,  3f)intlielc(/ii'i,  Mnili'tis  opostemato'aa, 
(jiilnctii  ponte'  ma,  GulitctotiKistapnrecto'ma,  Ah- 
gce«'aus  MamincB  sea  Uic'leus,  Pliley'nioue  Jlfaito- 
di/n'ia,  Abscess  of  the  Breast,  Mum'mary  Abscess, 
iiilk-ahscess.  Phlegmonous  inflammation  of  the 
breasts,  running  on  to  suppuration,  generally  in 
the  childbed  female.  It  is  one  of  the  best  ex- 
amples of  acute  phlegmonous  inflammation,  and 
requires  the  active  use  of  ai)propriate  treatment. 

MASTODYNrA  PoLYGALA,  Sparganosis — m.  Po- 
lygala,  Miistos|)argosis. 

MASTOID,  MustoVdes,  ilasto'des,  STastnideua, 
Mdiiiiiiilla'n's,  Papit'li  seu  >iini>im>lli-fnr)iiiK,Mam- 
miform'is,  3[am'niifi>nii,  (F.)  ilastindien,  from 
fiaaTOf,  'a  breast,'  and  eiiog,  'form,  resemblance.' 
Having  the  form  of  a  nipple.  Also,  that  which 
relates  to  the  mastoid  process,  3fiistoideus. 

Mastoid  Aperture: — the  opening  of  commu- 
nication between  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum 
and  the  mastoid  cells. 

Mastoid  Cancer.  A  kind  of  firm  carcinoma- 
tous growth,  the  section  of  which  is  thought  to 
reseniblo  the  boiled  udder  of  tlio  cow. 

Mastoid  Cells,  UM'hIcb  Slnxtoidea,  Antriim 
innstoidenm,  Itnetnid  Si'mises.  These  are  situate 
in  the  mastoid  process;  communicate  with  each 
other,  and  open  into  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum. 
Their  use  seems  to  be  to  increase  the  intensity 
of  sound. 

JIastoid  Foramen  is  situate  behind  the  mas- 
toid process,  and  gives  passage  to  a  small  artery 
of  the  dura  inater,  as  well  as  to  a  vein  which 
opens  into  the  lateral  sinus. 

Mastoid  Fossa,  (F.)  Gontti'ire  masto'idiennc, 
is  a  depression  at  the  inner  surface  of  the  mastoid 
portion  of  the  temporal  bone,  which  forms  part 
of  the  lateral  sinus. 

Mastoid  or  Digas'tric  Groove,  (F.)  Rnimire 
mnstindietine  ou  dii/nstrl<iiie,  is  a  groove,  situate 
at  the  inner  side  of  the  mastoid  process,  which 
atfords  attachment  to  the  posterior  belly  of  the 
digastric  muscle. 

Mastoid  Muscle,  Posterior,  Splenius. 

Mastoid  or  Mam'miform  or  Mam'millary 
Process,  Procea'siis  mdslo'ideiis,  Apoph'ysis 
mammilla' ris.  Pars  masto'idea,  is  situate  at  the  in- 
ferior and  posterior  part  of  the  temporal  bone, 
and  gives  attachment  to  the  digastric  and  mastoid 
luiiscles. 

MASTOIDEUS,Sterno-cleido-mastoideus — m. 
Lateralis,  Complexus  minor. 

MASTOIDITIS,  Mastitis. 

MASTOlDO-COXCHIXIEN',  Retrahens  au- 
ris  —  m.  Gfuien,  Digastricus  —  m.  Ifi/orienien,  Di- 
gastricus — »i.  On'cnlaire,  Retrahens  auris. 

MASTOME'NIA,  from  liaaro;,  '  the  breast,'  and 
firiv,  'a  month.'  Vicarious  menstruation  from  the 
mamma. 

MASTON'CUS,  Thelnn'cus,  from  (latrTos,  'the 
breast,'  and  oyxof,  '  a  tumour.'  A  tumefaction 
of  the  nipple,  or  of  the  breast  itself.    When  the 


tumour  is  of  an  adipous  character  it  is  termed 
JIastopion'ciis  or  Mastopimelon'cus. 

Mastoncus  Polygalacticus,  Mastospargosis. 

MASTOPAREC'TAMA,  from  ,iaaroi,  -ti.e 
breast,'  and  nnpcKrafia,  '  excessive  distension.' 
Immoderate  distension  of  the  mammae. 

MASTOPATllI'A,  from  iiaaroi,  '  the  breast,' 
and  ruQoj,  'disease.'     An  affection  of  the  breast. 

MASTOPIMELONCUS,  see  Mastoncus. 

MASTOPIONCUS,   see  Mastoncus. 

MASTORRHAG'TA,  from  ijaaros,  '  the  breast,' 
and  priyvvni,  '  to  flow.'     An  unusual  flow  of  milk. 

MASTOS,  Mamma. 

MASTOSCIR'RIIUS,  from  juacroj,  '  the  breast,' 
and  <7Kip()0i,  '  a  hard  tumour.'  Scirrhus,  or  hard 
cancer  of  the  breast. 

MASTOSPARGO'SIS,  3Iastodyn'ia  pohj.j'aht, 
Maston' c\is  2^"^IJ'jahic' liens,  from  jiaaToi,  '  the 
breast,'  and  anapyaw,  '  I  am  full  to  bursting.' 
Fulness  of  the  breasts  with  milk,  so  that  they  are 
ready  to  burst. 

MASTOSYRINX.F('/(V»?c(  m  a  mm  (P,  from  fiaaroq, 
'the  breast,'  and  avpiv^,  'a  pipe.'  Fistula  of  the 
mamma. 

MASTURBA'TION,  CincB'dia,  GarUjaU,  Gar', 
galus,  Gargalis'mus,  Jlfasliipra'tio,  Jlaiiusliipra'- 
tio,  Manstupra'tio,  from  matins,  '  the  hand,'  and 
stiipro,  '  I  ravish  ;'  Ona'uia,  Oii'aiiism,  yEdu-o- 
(jargnria'mus,  ^dceo<ja r' </a I iis,  Aiiaplaa'mns.  Gtin'- 
dia  fceda,  Ditct'io  prcppii'tii,  Vol'initari/  Pollii'- 
tlon,  Self  Pollution,  Self-abuse,  (F.)  Abiis  de  soi- 
nieme,  Attoiichemeut.  Excitement  of  the  genital 
organs  by  the  hand. 

MASTURBA'TOR,  Mastupra'tor,  Maimstn- 
pra'tor,  JIfascar'pio :  same  etymon.  One  given 
to  masturbation. 

MASTUS,  Mamma. 

MAT,  (F.)  Dull. 

HAT  SOX.  A  dull  or  Jlat  sound.  The  obscure 
noise,  (F.)  il/nOVe,  afforded  in  certain  diseases  when 
any  part,  as  the  chest,  is  j)ercussed.  It  bus  been 
compared  to  that  produced  when  the  thigh  is 
struck.'  It  is  opposed  to  the  *S'ci»*  clair,  or  '  clear 
sound.' 

MATE,  see  Ilex  Paraguensis. 

MATECO,  Matico. 

MATELLA,  Urinal. 

MATER,  Uterus —  m.  Dura,  Dura  mater —  ra. 
Ilerbarum.  Artemisia  vulgaris  —  m.  IMctallorum, 
Hydrargyrum  —  m.  Mollis,  Pia  mater — m.  Perla- 
rum,  see  Pearl  —  m.  Pia,  Pia  mater  —  m.  Secalis, 
Ergot — m.  Tenuis,  Pia  mater. 

MATERIA,  Matter— m.  Fibrosa,  Fibrin. 

Mate'riA  Mkd'ica,  Pharmacolog"ia,  Pharmn- 
col'orpi,  Aeol'oijtf  or  Akol'ogy  or  Aceolo(f"ia.  Hi/le 
Lit' rice,  Iamatoloy"ia,  lamalol'ogy,  (F.)  Jlatiere 
Jfedicnle.  The  division  of  medical  science  which 
treats  of  the  knowledge  of  medicines  ;  their  action 
on  the  animal  econouiy,  and  mode  of  administra- 
tion. The  study  of  the  M.ateria  Medica  is  one  of 
great  importance  ; — it  is  a  study  of  the  tools  with 
which  the  practitioner  has  to  work  in  the  cure 
of  disease.  Much  labour  has  been  spent  in  con- 
triving classifications  of  the  Materia  Medica. 
Some  have  arranged  the  articles  according  to 
their  natural  resemblances:  others  according  to 
their  real  or  presumed  virtues:  others,  according 
to  their  active  constituent  principles.  The  Phar- 
macopoeias place  them  alphabetically.  Perhaps 
the  best  classification  would  be  one  founded  on 
the  agency  exerted  by  the  articles  on  the  different 
tissues  ;  but  this  arrangement,  in  the  present  state 
of  science,  is  by  no  means  easy;  and,  moreover, 
ideas  in  regard  to  the  action  of  medicines  are 
so  associated  with  certain  terms,  —  as  narcotics, 
tonics,  sedatives,  <tc.,  employed  to  denote  certain 
operations,  which  they  are  esteemed  capable  of 
producing,  that,  to  abandon  them,  would  be  to 
throw  obstacles  in  the  way  of  the  student,  with- 


MATERIALISTA 


5  7  2 


MATRICULATE 


out  tlie  ultimate  advantage  accruing  to  him  of 
possessing  a  better  knowledge  of  the  iiio(his  ope- 
randi of  medicines  than  when  a  classification, 
S'lniewhat  resembling  those  usually  embraced,  is 
adopted. 

The  following  is  the  classification  adopted  by 
the  Author,  in  his  "  General  Therapeutics  and 
Jlateria  Medica,  6th  edit.,  Philad.,  1857  : — 


1.  Agents  that  affect  pro 
minently  the  alimentary  ca- 
nal or  its  contents, 

2.  Agents  that  affect  pro- 
minently the  respiratory  or- 
gans, 

3.  Agents  that  affect  pro- 
minently the  follicular  or 
glandular  organs, 

4.  Agents  that  affect  pro- 
minently the  nervous  sys- 
tem, 

5.  Agents  that  affect  pro- 
minently the  organs  of  re- 
production. 


6.  Agents  that  affect  va- 
rious organs. 


Emetics, 

Cathartics, 

Anthelminthics. 

E.xpoctorants. 

Errhines, 

Sialogogues, 

Diuretics, 

Aiitilithics, 

Diaphoretics. 

Narcotics, 

Tetanies, 

Antispasmodics. 

Emraenagogues, 
Parturifacients, 

'  Excitants, 
Tonics, 
Astringents, 
Sedatives, 
Refrigerants, 
Revellents, 
Eutrophics. 
Antacids, 
Antalkalies, 
Disinfectants. 


f  Demulcents, 
I  Diluents. 


7.  Agents  whose  action  is 
prominently  chemical, 

8.  Agents  whose  action  is 
prominently  mechanical, 

Of  old,  the  Materia  Medica  consisted  of  more 
articles  than  at  present.  The  tendency,  indeed, 
is,  and  must  be,  to  diminish  it  still  further;  to 
g!:t  rid  of  those  articles  which  possess  no  advan- 
tages over  others  equally  common,  or  whoso  pro- 
perties are  doubtful.  In  a  dictionary,  it  becomes 
necessary  to  insert  all  that  have  been  rej)uted  to 
possess  virtues;  but  the  majority  are  unneces- 
sary. The  catalogue  might  be  largely  reduced 
with  impunity. 

jMatkfua  Medica,  Dynamical,  Pharmacody- 
naraics. 

MATEniA  MORBO'SA,  If.  Peccans,  Mate'ries 
Morhi,  Jlorbid  matter.  The  matter  or  material 
which  is  the  cause  of  disease. 

Materia  Ossea,  Terra  Ossea  —  m.  Peccans, 
M.  Morbosa  —  m.  Sialina,  see  Saliva  —  m.  Scyto- 
dephica.  Tannin  —  m.  Testacea  dentium,  see 
Tooth — m.  IJrinosa,  Urea. 

MATERIALISTA,  Druggist. 

MA  TERIAUX  LM  MED  I  ATS,  Principles,  im- 
mediate. 

MATERIES,  Matter — m.  Morbi,  Materia  mor- 
bosa. 

MATHEWS  PILLS,  Pilulae  ex  helleboro  et 
mvrrha. 

MATIITEU'S  VERMIFUGE,  see  Vermifuge. 

MA'TIAS.  The  bark  of  a  South  American 
tree  not  yet  determined.  It  is  used  in  its  native 
country  in  intermittents,  and  as  a  tonic  generally. 
Its  principal  characteristic  constituent  is  a  bitter 
resinous  matter.  It  is  probably  the  same  as  the 
Jfiilnmhn  hnrk. 

MATI'CO,  (pronounced  mntee'co,)  MatecS,  Ma- 
tint,  Yerha  del  Soldado,  SnJdler's  weed,  or  herb. 
A  South  American  herb — I'iper  atif/iiHtifolium  scu 
lonf/n'ttim,  Stephens'ia  elonipi'tn,  Artan'the  elon- 
gn'ta,  Ord.  Piperaeeae  —  which  is  possessed  of 
astringent  virtues,  and  is  used  both  internally 
and  externally.  It  is  given  in  infuxinn  made  of 
one  ounce  of  the  leaves  to  a  pint  of  boiling  water, 


of  which   the  dose  is  f ^isfj  <"'  in  tinetnre,  niado 
of  5iiss  of  the  leaves  to  a  pint  of  dilute  alcohol. 

MATIERE,  Matter — w.  Cweuse,  Casein  —  in. 
Cerebrifoniie,  Encejihaloid  —  ni.  Extinctive  dn 
Iliiiiilloii,  Osmazoine —  w.  Eibreuxe  du  iSniiij, 
Fibrin  —  vi.  Mfdieole,  Alatcria  Medica — »m.  de  la 
Meliinofie,  see  Choroidea  tunica  —  m.  Kaire  dea 
J'oiiinoiis,  Anthracosis — »i.  I'erlee  de  Kerkriiiij, 
Anfimoniumdiaphoreticum — iit.I'ulinouaire  noire, 
see  Pulmo.  ^ 

MATITK,  see  Mat  non. 

MATLOCK,  IMINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Mat- 
lock is  a  village  in  Derbyshire,  England,  at  which 
there  is  a  mineral  spring  of  the  ai;iilulous  class. 
Temperature  0(1°.  It  differs  but  liltie,  except  in 
temperature,  from  good  spring-water.  It  i.s  ge- 
nerally used  as  a  tcjiid  bath. 

MATONIA  CAKDAMOMUM,  Amomum  car- 
damomum. 

MATORIUM,  Ammoniac,  gum. 
MATRACIUM.  Matrass,  Urinal. 
MATRASS,  Jlfotra'ciiim.  A  glass  vessel  with 
a  long  neck  ;  and  a  round,  and  sometiuies  oval, 
body.  It  may  be  furnished  with  tubulures,  or 
not.  It  is  used  in  Pharmucy  for  dislillulion,  di- 
gestion, <fec. 

MATRES  CEREBRI,  Meninges. 
MA  TRICAfRK,  Matricaria. 
MATRICA'LIS,    Mulricn'rius,    from    matrix, 
vtatricin,  'the  uterus.'     Relating  to  the  uterus. 

3latricalia  are  remedies  for  diseases  of  the 
uterus. 

MATRICA'RIA,  from  matrix,  matricin,  'the 
womb ;'  so  called  from  its  reputed  virtues  in 
affections  of  that  organ.  M.  Parthe'nlnm,  Pnr- 
the'ninm  febrif'iignm,  /'y'retlirmn  seu  Chrt/nauth'- 
enium  parthe'niiim,  Arijyrochas'ta,  Chrymic'aliK, 
Eever-feic,  Eeather-feii),  Mother-icort,  Coiclhwort, 
(Sc.)  Fever./oiiillie,  (F.)  Matricaire.  Aat.  Ord. 
Compositao.  Thy  flowers  resemble,  in  their  pro- 
perties, chamomile  and  tansy;  and,  like  them, 
have  been  esteemed  tonic,  stomachic,  resolvent, 
cmmenagogue,  vermifuge,  &c.  They  are  not 
much  used. 

Matiucaria,  see  Matricaria  chamomilln. 
Matuica'uia  Ciiamomil'i.a,  M.  Snav'coleng, 
Aii'themia  vnhjn'ria,  Clunnanie'lum  Vidt/a're,  Cha- 
iiiomil'ln  nostras,  Lencan'lhcmum  of  Dioscorides, 
Wild  Corn,  Do(j'n  Cham'omile,  Ger.man  Chavio- 
niile,  (F.)  Caniomille  vidyaire.  The  flowers,  Ma- 
trica'ria  (Ph.  U.  S.),  resemble  Matricaria  ia 
properties. 

Matuica'ria  Glabra'ta.  A  South  African 
plant,  known  at  the  Cape  as  Wild,  Chamomile, 
has  the  same  properties  as  the  other  species  of 
matricaria. 

Matricaria  LEUCANTiiEMtiM,  Chrysanthemum 
Leucanthenuim — ra.  Suaveolens,  M.  Chamomilia. 
31 A  TRICE,  Uterus— m.  Col  de  la,  Collum  uteri 
— m.  de  rOni/le,  see  Nail. 

MATRICULATE,  from  mafrinda,  diminutive 
of  matrix,  matricin,  'a  roll,'  originally  'an  army 
roll  or  register.'  One  who  is  admitted  into  a  uni- 
versity or  college,  by  enrolling  or  having  his 
name  enrolled  on  the  register  of  the  institution. 
In  France,  prendre  inncription  means  'to  matri- 
culate;' and,  in  the  university  regulations  of  that 
country,  it  is  required,  that  the  inncription  shall 
be  made  every  three  months,  until  the  termina- 
tion of  the  prescribed  period  of  study  ;  the  stu- 
dent having  to  take  his  inscription  within  the 
first  fortnight  of  each  triincHlrc  or  of  every  throe 
months,  and  to  present  himself  within  the  last 
fortnight  of  the  trimeatre  to  establish  the  fact  of 
his  attendance. 

In  this  country,  it  is  only  necessary  to  matri- 
culate at  the  commencement  of  each  session. 

One  who  has  thus  enrolled  himself  in  an  insti- 
tution is  called  a  Matriculate. 


MATRISYLVA 


5  7  3     MAXILLO-AL  VE  OLI-  NA  S  A  L 


MATRTSYLVA,  Asperula  odorata. 
MATllIX,  Cytoblasteina,  Uterus— m.  Unguis, 
lee  Nail. 

MATROXA,  Midwife. 
MATKOXALIS.  Viola. 
MATTKK,  see  Ilex  Parajjuensia. 
MATTER,  .)f>ile'rifi,  f/yle,  Mate'ries,  (¥.)  Ma- 
tlire.     Any  substance  which  enters  into  the  com- 
position of  a  body.     In  Medicine,  it  is  sometimes 
applied  to  the  substance  of  evacuations ;  and  is 
also  used  synonymously  with  pus. 

MATTING  OF  PARTS,  Ilapantismus. 
MATin.A,  Urinal. 

MATURA'TION,  Ifaturn'tio,  from  mntnrare, 
mntiini'tnm,  'to  ripen.'  J'epus'mos,  Fepan'iiiii. 
Progression  of  an  abscess  towards  maturity.  The 
Btate  of  maturity.     Coction. 

MA  run  A  TIF,  Maturative. 

MAT'URATIVE,  Matii'raiis,  Pepnnticoa,  (F.) 
Muliti-iitif.  Same  etymon.  A  medicine  which 
favours  the  maturation  of  an  inflammatory  tu- 
mour. 

MATURATUS,  Concocted. 

MATU'RITY,  Mtttit'ritdn,  Horee'otea.  Same 
etymon.  The  state  of  fruits  and  seeds,  when 
comparatively  developed.  State  of  an  abscess, 
in  which  the  pus  is  completely  formed. 

Matiiritv,  PitKCocious,  Precocity. 

MAUDLIN,  Achillea  afceratum — m.  Tansey, 
Achillea  ageratum  —  m.  Wort,  Chrysanthemum 
leucanthemum. 

MAULKS,  Rubeola. 

MAUVE  SAUVAGR,  Malva. 

MAUX  I)E  NERFS,  Hysteria. 

M.WV,  Stomach — m.  Bound,  Constipated — m. 
Worm,  Asearis. 

MAXILLA,  Maxillary  Bone. 

MAX'ILLARY,  MitxiUa'rIs,  (F.)  .Vnxinaire, 
from  miijciUa,  'a  jaw.'  Relating  or  belonging  to 
the  jaws;   from  jxaaaaia,  'I  chew.' 

Maxillauy  Auteiues  arc  three  in  number. 
1.  Kxtcrnul  niaxilhirtj.  See  Facial.  2.  Internal 
maxiUarji  —  A.  Gnttitro-marilidire  (Ch.).  This 
arises  from  the  external  carotid  with  the  tempo- 
ral. It  is  remarkable  for  its  complex  course, 
and  for  the  number  of  branches  which  it  trans- 
mits to  the  deep-seated  parts  of  the  face.  Imme- 
diately after  its  origin,  it  buries  itself  under  the 
neck  of  the  lower  jaw,  curving  inwards  and 
downwards.  It  then  advances  directly  inwards; 
proceeding  in  the  space  between  the  two  ptery- 
poid  muscles  towards  the  maxillary  tnherosity. 
It  turns  again,  becomes  vertical,  and  ascends  into 
the  bottom  of  the  zygomatic  fossa,  until,  having 
arrived  at  the  floor  of  the  orbit,  it  takes  a  hori- 
zontal and  transverse  direction  ;  enters  the  sphe- 
no-maxillary  foss.a,  and  divides  into  several 
branches.     See  Artery,  (table.) 

Maxiixauy  Bone,  Ma.ril'/a,Jfanflih'nla,Gam'- 
fihcle,  Gnalhnu,  Mala,  Siar/nn,  Jawbone,  (Prov.) 
Vhnjfhone,  Cludl,  Chanle,  Charel,  Chairhone,  Gilt, 
(F.)  MCu'hoirc.  A  name  given  to  two  bones, 
which  support  the  teeth,  and,  by  means  of  them, 
are  inserviont  to  the  cutting,  bruising,  and  tear- 
ing of  alimentary  substances. 

Maxii,i,arv  Bone,  Inkk'rtor,  Lmrer  jaw-hnne, 
Oa  Majrilta're  in/erinn,  Maxil'ta  inferior,  Hi/pn- 
»i'af/on,  (F.)  On  maxillaire  (Ch.),  Mdchoire  dia- 
cranicnne,  is  a  symmetrical,  nearly  parabolic 
bono,  the  mi<I(llo  portion  of  which  is  horizontal, 
and  called  the  lioily  ;  and  the  posterior  is  vertical, 
the  angular  portions  being  termed  Jiami  or 
hrnnchra.  These  have  behind  a  pa  rati  dean  edge, 
which  forms — by  uniting  with  the  base — the  angle 
of  the  jaw.  TJio  branches  terminate  above  by 
two  processes,  separated  by  the  sigmoid  notch  or 
foana  ;  the  anterior  of  which  is  called  the  coj-o- 
noid :  the  posterior,  the  condyloid  process  or 
majcillarj/  condyle,  supported  by  a  Cervix,  Cullum, 


or  yeck.  The  chief  parts  observed  on  the  lower 
jaw  are — 1.  Externally, — the  Syni'phyais  menti, 
Apoph'ysis  menti,  Mental  foramen,  and  the  exter- 
nal ohiiqne  line.  2.  Internally,  —  the  Genian 
(ipoph'yaiH,  the  internal  or  Myloid  oblique  linen, 
und  the  entrance  of  the  dental  can<il.  T'lie  lower 
jaw  has,  also,  an  alreolar  edge,  which  contains 
alveoli  for  the  reception  of  the  teeth.  The  lower 
jaw-bone  is  developed  by  two  points  of  ossifica- 
tion, which  unite  at  the  symphysis  of  the  chin. 
It  is  articulated  with  the  temporal  bone  and  with 
the  teeth. 

Maxillart  Bone,  Supe'rior,  Upper  jaw-hone, 
Maxil'l<t  snperior  seu  ayncra'nia,  Oa  maxilla're 
anpe'rina,  (F.)  Oa  ana-niaxillaire  (Ch.),  Machoire 
syncranienne.  The  upper  jaw-bones  are  to  the 
face  what  the  sphenoid  bone  is  to  the  cranium. 
They  are  articulated  with  all  the  portions  com- 
posing it.  They  determine,  almost  alone,  the 
shape  of  the  face,  and  give  it  solidity.  Their  size 
is  considerable;  form  unequal.  They  occupy  the 
middle  and  anterior  part  of  the  face;  and  enter 
into  the  composition  of  the  nasal  fossae,  orbit, 
and  mouth.  The  chief  parts  observable  in  the 
upper  jaw  are  —  1.  Externally,  —  the  Naaal  pro- 
ceaa,  Proceaana  naaa'lia  seu  fronta'lia  seu  n«ce)i'- 
dena,  (P.)  Apophyae  montante,  the  snperior  or 
or'bilal  anrfiiee,  Snperfic"iea  orbila'lia.  Planum 
orbita'le,  which  forms  almost  the  entire  floor  of 
the  orbit,  the  Forn'men  infra-orbita'rinm,  Zygo- 
mrtt'ic  proceaa.  Canine  or  3Iyr'tiform  fossa.  2. 
Internally, — the  Ptd'atine proceaa, Ante'rior  pal'a- 
tine  canal,  and  the  Antrum  of  Ilighmore.  Its  cir- 
cumference is  very  unequal,  and  it  has  behind  a 
round,  unequal  i)rominence,  called  the  Maxillary 
tuberosity,  which  is  pierced  by  the  posterior  den- 
tal canal.  Anteriorly,  there  is  a  notch,  which 
forms  part  of  the  anterior  aperture  of  the  nasal 
fossiB,  and  beneath,  an  eminence,  called  the  ante- 
rior naaal  apine.  The  lower  part  of  this  circum- 
ference forms  the  alveolar  margin.  Each  supe- 
rior maxillary  bone  is  articulated  with  the  eth- 
moid, frontal,  nasal,  lachrymal,  palatine,  inferior 
spongy,  vomer,  its  fellow,  the  teeth  of  the  upper 
jaw,  and  sometimes  the  sphenoid  bone.  It  is 
develoi)ed  by  four  or  five  points  of  ossification. 

]M axillary  Nerves  are  two  in  number,  and 
formed  of  the  second  and  third  branches  of  the 
fifth  pair.  The  Sim'erior  Maxillary  Nerve, 
iVerf  ans-maxillaire  (Ch.),  arises  from  the  middle 
of  the  gangliform  enlargement  of  the  fifth  pair; 
passes  forwards,  and  issues  from  the  cranium 
through  the  foramen  rotundum  of  the  sphenoid 
bone;  enters  the  spheno-maxillary  fossa,  which 
it  crosses  horizontally;  passes  into  the  infra- 
orbitar  canal,  which  it  traverses;  and  makes  its 
exit  to  vanish  on  the  cheek.  It  gives  off  the  fol- 
lowing branches,  —  the  orbitar,  a.  branch  which 
goes  to  the  apheno-2jalaline  ganglion;  posterior 
dental  branchea ;  the  anterior  dental,  —  and  ter- 
minates in  the  iufra-orhitar  nerves,  which  are 
divided  into  superior,  inferior,  and  internal.  The 
inferior  maxillary  nerve,  Xcrf  maxillaire  (Ch.), 
is  the  largest  of  the  three  branches  furnished  by 
the  fifth  pair.  It  issues  from  the  cranium  by  the 
foramen  ovale  of  the  sphenoid.  Having  reached 
the  zygomatic  fossa,  it  diviiles  into  two  trunks; 
the  one  auperior  and  external,  which  gives  ofi" 
the  temporides  profundi,  maaaeterine,  buccal,  and 
pterygoids ; — the  other — inferior  and  internal — 
the  larger  of  the  two,  which  furnishes  the  inferior 
dental,  lingual,  and  auricular, 

JIaxillary  Veins  present  the  same  arrange- 
ment as  the  arteries  they  accompany. 

MAXILLO-AL  VEOLI-XASAL,  Depressor 
nlaj  nasi  —  m.  Labial,  Depressor  anguli  oris — m. 
Xarinal,  Compressor  naris — m.  P(d/i('bral.  Orlji- 
cularis  jialpebrarum  —  in.  Sclerolicicn,  Obliquua 
inferior  oculu 


MAY  APPLE 


574 


MEDIAN 


MAY  APPLE,  Pnrlopliynnin  peltatum— m.  a. 
Mountain,  Podoiiliylliun  nioiitanuni — m.  Flower, 
Antheniis  cotula — m.  Weed,  Antheuiis  cotula, 

MAYELLA,  Curcuma  longa. 

MAYNARD'S  ADHESIVE  LIQUID,  Collo- 
dion. 

MAYS,  Zea  mays  —  m.  Americana,  Zea  mays 
• — ni.  Zen,  Zea  mays. 

MAYWORM,  TRUE,  Meloe  majalis. 

MAYZ,  Zea  mays. 

MAZA,  Mass,  Placenta. 

MAZALYSIS,  Mazolysis. 

MA'ZICUS,  from  maza,  'placenta.'  Relating 
to  the  placenta. 

MAZISCH'ESIS,  from  mnza,  'the  placenta,' 
and  (r;)(£(ri{,  '  holding,' 'retention.'  Retention  of 
the  placenta. 

MAZODYNIA,  Mastodynia. 

MAZOITIS,  Mastitis. 

MAZOL'YSIS,  M(iznl'i/8ia,  from  maza,  'pla- 
centa,' and  Xvmi,  'solution.'  Separation  of  the 
placenta. 

MAZOPATHI'A,  from  maza,  'placenta,'  and 
7ra9of,  'disease.'  A  disease  of  the  placenta.  One 
originating  from  the  placenta. 

MAZOS,  Mamma. 

MEAD,  Hydromeli,  Melizomura. 

MEADOW  BLOOM,  Ranunculus  acris  —  m. 
Fern,  Coniptonia  asplenifolia — in.  Pride,  see  Ca- 
himba — m.  Rue,  Thalictron — m.  Saffron,  Vinegar 
of,  Acetum  colehici — m.  Sweet,  Gillenia  trifoliata. 
Spiraea  ulmaria  — m.  Sweet,  American,  Spireea 
lobata — m.  Sweet,  red,  Spiraaa  tomentosa. 

MEALY  TREE,  Viburnum  dentatum. 

MEASLES,  Rubeo- 
la— m.  Black,  see  Ru- 
beola— m.  False,  Rose- 
oli« — m.  French,  Rose- 

OlcB. 

MEASLINGS,  Ru- 
beola. 

MEASLY',  Morbil- 
lous. 

MEASURE,  GRA- 
DUATED. A  glass 
measure,  used  in  phar- 
macy, which  is  so  di- 
vided as  to  indicate  ac- 
curately the  quantities 
in  dispensing  liquid 
medicines. 

MEASUREMENT, 
Mensuration. 
MEASURES,  see  Weights  and  Measures. 
MEASURING,  MEDICAL,  Mensuration, 
MEAT  BISCUIT,  see  Biscuit,  meat. 
MEAT,  EXTRACTIVE  OF,  Osmazome. 
31EAT,  Meatus. 

MEA'TUS,  Ductus,  Cnna'lh,  Poi-its,  (P.)  MSaf, 
from  men,  meafnm,  'to  go.'  A  passage  or  canal. 
Mkatus  Auditorius  Externus,  Auditory  ca- 
nal, external  — m.  Auditorius  internus,  Auditory 
canal,  internal — m.  Csecus,  Eustachian  tube — m. 
Cuticulares,  Pori  cutanei  —  m.  Cysticus,  Cystic 
duct — m.  Narium,  see  Nasal  fossae — m.  Seminale.s 
uteri,  Tubae  Fallopianae — m.  Seminarius,  Corpus 
Highmori — m.  Urinarius,  Urethra. 

MKCHAMECK,  Convolvulus  panduratus — m. 
Bindweed,  Convolvulus  panduratus. 
MECHANE,  Machine. 
MECHANEMA,  M.achine. 

MECIIAN'ICAL,  Jfechan'icni,  from  /irixavr,, 
'a  machine.'  An  epithet  given  to  irritating  bo- 
dies,  which  do  not  act  chymically — as  a  mechani- 
cal in-itant. 


JFour-ounce  Glass  Measure. 


MkORANICAL  or  lATno-MATnKXfATICAL  PlITSI- 
riANS,  Jii'lro-movhaii'ici  seu  Jii'liomatliciiKit'ici, 
are  such  as  refer  every  function,  healiliy  or  mor- 
bid, to  mechanical  or  mathematical  principles-— 
Jlleclici'nn  niec/idn' ica. 

MECIIAN'ICS,  AN'IMAL.  That  part  of  phy- 
siology whose  objects  are  to  investigate  the  laws 
of  equilibrium  and  motion  of  the  animal  body, 

MECU'ANISM,  Mt^clKtiihm'iiH.  The  struciuro 
of  a  body;  the  collection  or  aggregate  of  iho 
parts  of  a  machine;  the  mode  in  which  forces 
produce  any  effect,  &c. 

MECIfE,  Tent.  This  term  is  usually  applied 
in  French  surgery  to  a  collection  of  threads  of 
charpie,  cotton  or  raw  silk,  united  togetlier,  which 
are  used  for  deterging  sinuous  or  iistuious  ulcers; 
or  to  keep  open  or  enlarge  natural  or  firtificiul 
apertures.  They  are  generally  applied  by  means 
of  an  instrument  called  Porte-mhlie. 

MECIIOACANA  NIGRA,  Convolvulus  jalapa 
— m.  Nigricans,  Convolvulus  jalapa. 

MECHOACAN^  RADIX,  Convolvulus  me- 
choacan. 

MEOHOACAN  BU  CANADA,  Phytolacca 
decandra. 

MECOM'ETER,  (F.)  3I(comitre ;  from  ^,,«5, 
'length,' and  /icrpov,  'measure.'  A  kind  ot  gra- 
duated compass, — compos  de  prcportioii, — used  at 
the  Hospice  de  Maternite  of  Paris,  to  mcasuro 
the  length  of  new-born  infants. 

MECON,  Meconium,  Opium,  Papaver. 

MECONICUM,  Opiate. 

MECONIS'MUS,  Intoxica'tio  opiu'ra;  from 
HVKuiv,  'the  poppy.'     Poisoning  by  opium. 

MECO'NIUM,  same  etymon.  Poppy  juice, 
Papaver' cnhtm,  Pturjameu'ta  Infaiitin,  Mccon. 
The  excrement  passed  by  the  infant  a  short 
time  after  birth,  which  had  accumulated  in  the 
intestines  during  pregnancy.  It  is  of  a  greenish 
or  deep  black  colour,  and  very  viscid.  It  seems 
formed  of  the  mucous  secretions  of  the  intestines 
mixed  with  bile. 

MECONOLOG"IA,  Op;olog"ia;  from  ^tikuiv, 
'a  poppy,'  and  Aoyoj,  'a  description.'  A  treatise 
on  opium. 

MECONOPSIS  DIPIIYLLA,  Stylophorum  di- 
phyllum. 

MEDCINARE,  Doctor. 

MEDEA,  Genital  organs. 

MEDECJN,  Physician— '»i.  Constilfnnf,  Con- 
suming physician — 711.  rle  Foue,  see  Psychiatria. 

MEDECINE,  Medicina  — m.  Expectaiife,  Ex- 
pectation— m.  Ler/a/e,  Medicine,  legal — m.  Mi/i- 
taire,  Military  medicine — m.  Opfvatoire,  Surgery, 
operative  —  m.  Pe/iu/ta ^d'cp,  Perturbatrix  (Me- 
dicina.) 

MEDELA,  Curation. 

MEDE'NI.  A  term  used  by  Paracelsus  for 
cutaneous  ulcerations  like  those  of  boils. 

MEDEOLA  VERTICILLIFOLIA,  M.  Virgi- 
nica. 

MF.nE'oi.A  ViRGIn'ica,  3[.  vertieUh'/o'lia,  Cy- 
ro'mia  Virfjin'  !ca,  Indian  cn'cinnher.  Order, 
SmilacesB.  An  indigenous  herb,  growing  in  every 
part  of  the  United  State's,  the  root  of  whicli  re- 
sembles a  small  cucumber.  It  has  been  thought 
to  be  diuretic. 

MEDIAN,  jifediri'iiiia :  from  medium,  'the  mid- 
dle.'    That  which  is  situate  in  the  middle. 

Median  Live.  A  vertical  line,  supposed  to 
divide  a  body  longitudinally  into  two  equal  parts; 
the  one  right,  the  other  left.  Chaussier  calls  the 
linea  alba  the  ll(/ne  mfdimie  of  the  abdomen. 

Median  Nerve,  Median  diijital,  (Ch.)  This 
nerve  arises  chiefly  from  the  anterior  branches  of 


MEDIANUM 


575 


MEDICINAL 


the  last  two  cervical  nerves  and  first  dorsal.  The 
filth  and  nixth  cervical  [)airs  also  send  it  a  branch, 
wliif-h  soDiirates  from  the  inusculo-cutancous 
nerve.  The  median  nerve  descemls  tlie  inner 
part  of  the  arm  alonj;  the  biceps  muscle.  Op- 
posite the  elbow  joint  it  buries  itself  behind 
the  aponeurosis  of  that  muscle,  and  en;^ages  it- 
self between  the  two  fasciculi  of  the  fironator 
teres.  Lower  down,  it  is  situate  between  the 
flexors — subliinis  and  profundus  —  and  passes, 
with  their  tendons,  under  the  anterior  annular 
li;;!iment;  it  then  divides  into  five  branches, 
whi';h  are  distributed  to  the  muscles  of  the  the- 
nar etninence,  to  the  luinbricales,  the  intetjaments 
of  the  thumb,  the  in<lex,  middle  fin;^er,  and  outer 
part  of  the  rin;^  finger.  This  nerve  gives  no 
i)riinche3  to  the  arm.  In  the  forearm,  it  furnishes 
fihiiui-nts  to  all  the  pronator  and  flexor  muscles; 
and  one  of  them  accompanies  the  anterior  inter- 
osseous artery.  It  also  gives  off  a  filament  to  the 
ititeguinents  of  the  palm  of  the  hand. 

Median  Vi-;ins.  Three  of  the  superficial  veins 
of  the  forearm  are  so  called.  The  median  hnnHic 
— the  mcilkiH  cephitllc  and  common  meilian  or fu- 
uin  hriichn.     See  Basilic  and  Cephalic. 

MKDIANUM,  Mediastinum,  Mesentery. 

MEDIAS'TINAL,  Jfedlaxtina'lis,  (F.)  Ife- 
didntiii.     Relatinj^  to  the  Mediastinum. 

Mki)I.\stinal  AiiTKRiBS  aro  very  delicate  arte- 
rial branches,  distributed  in  the  areolar  texture 
of  the  mediastinum.  They  are  distin;;uished, 
aecnrding  to  their  situation,  into  anterior  and 
posterior. 

MI'IDIASTINITIS,  Mesodmitis. 

MEDIASTI'NUM,  ifediami'iins,  quasi,  in  me- 
dio Hlaiia,  as  being  in  the  middle ;  3fenod'me,  Me- 
diii'niim,  Mesotis'chium,  MeHotte'chnin,  Scplum 
tlioni'cis,  Ill/men  Diiiphrat'ton,  3fembra'nn  Dlii- 
phi-dttiiH  seu  thora'cem  intemep' ieiis,  Litcrsipi- 
meii'tiim  th»ra'ci>i,  Dirihito' rinm,  Dinxipimen'tiim 
tlinra'cln,  (F.)  lledinslin,  A  membranous  space 
formed  by  the  approximation  of  the  pleurro, 
diviiling  the  chest  into  two  parts,  the  one  riirht, 
the  other  left.  The  mediastinum,  formed  by  a 
double  reflection  of  the  pleura,  extends  from  the 
spine  to  the  posterior  surface  of,the  sternum.  Its 
anterior  part,  called  Anterior  medinstimim,  ife- 
diixstiiium  pectorn'le,  lodges,  at  its  upper  part,  the 
thymus  gland  in  the  foetus,  and  is  filled  below 
with  fatty,  areolar  tissue.  Its  posterior  part, 
parallel  to  the  spine,  is  occupied  by  the  oesopha- 
gus, vena  azygos,  thoracic  duct,  the  lower  part 
of  the  windpipe,  the  origin  of  the  bronchia  and  a 
iiiiinher  of  lymphatic  glands.  This  part  is  called 
the  poHtcrior  mcdlontiniim — }[eili<iiiliiinm  doisa'le. 

By  some  anatomists.  Mediastinum  is  defined  to 
he  the  pleural  walls  of  the  membranous  space, 
whilst   the   space   itself    is   termed    Cavnm  me- 

dinnti'iii. 

MKniASTiNtiM  AuRis,  see  Tympanum  —  m.  Ce- 
rebri, Falx  cerebri.  Septum  lucidum  —  m.  Testis, 
Corpus  Ilisrhmori. 

MKDIASTIXUS,  Mediastinum. 

IMRDICABILIS,  Curable. 

JIKDICABLP],  Curable. 

MKl)'[C.12.  Sworn  midwives,  whose  duty  it 
was,  of  old,  to  inspect  women  in  cases  of  suspect- 
ed nro^rnancy. 

MED'ICAL,  Medirn'Un,  TlU'rirun,  Ptpon' liisi. 
P(fou'ir\is,  Phipt'icftl  (of  old).  Eocida'piun,  (F.) 
Mi'ilinil..  Same  etymon  as  Medicament.  Apper- 
fainiiiir  or  relating  to  medicine  or  to  medicines. 

Mr.DtoAL  .Ii-RisPRcncNCK,  Medicine,  legal — in. 
Man,  Surgeon -Apothecary. 

MKniCALIS.  Medical". 

MKD'ICAMENT,  Mrdieamen'lfim,  Remed'tnm, 
Ace'nin,  Acrn'ma,  Ares'tiiim.  Arex'tijn,  Allhon,  lly- 
giiis'mii,  Id'mn,  Aok,  J/edirn'mtn,  Phnr'mncimi, 
Pharinaceu'ma,    Alkar,    Anxil'iiim,    Boethe'ma,  l 


Med'icine,  (old  E.)  Medaine;  Physic,  Rem'edyi 
Uem'elic,  (F.)  lieiiiede ;  from  medivor,  tticdlcnliiK, 
'  to  cure  or  heal.'  A  medicine.  Any  substance 
exhibited  with  the  view  of  curing  or  allaying 
morbid  action.  Jledicines  are  obtained  from  the 
three  kingdoms  of  nature,  and  are  divided  into 
iiiternol  and  crteriinl,  according  as  they  are  ad- 
ministered internally  or  applied  externally. 

In  common  hingriage,  medicine  is  often  called 
Stuff,  Doctors'  stuff,  and,  in  the  Southern  States, 
Trnck. 
MEDICAMENTAL,  Medicinal. 
MEDICAMENTO'SUS  LAPIS,  Medic"iual 
stone,  (F.)  Pierre  iiiedicoiiiei>teitse.  A  name  for- 
merly given  to  a  mixture  of  peroxi/d  of  iron,  li- 
tharge, (ilitm,  nitre,  sol  ammoinac,  and  vliieijar  / 
evaporated  and  calcined  at  a  red  heat  for  an 
hour.  The  product  was  regarded  as  eminently 
astringent. 

MEDICAMENTUM,  Drug  — m.  ex  Palraulis, 
Diaphoenirron. 

MEDICAS'TER.  Medic-tstra.  An  ignorant 
practitioner.     A  charlatan. 

MEDICA'TION.  Medica'tlo.  Same  etymon  as 
Medi(!ainent.  The  chanice  in  the  aniraiil  economy 
I)roduced  by  the  operation  of  remedies.  Treat- 
ment by  me'licine.  The  act  of  impregnating 
with  some  medicine. 

MEDICATION HYPODERMIQUE,  sec  Hy- 
podermic. 

MEDICATRTNA,  latrion. 
MEDICA'TKIX,  same  etymon.     '  Having  the 
power  of  healing.'     A  fei»iale  practitioner. 

MEDICI'NA,  Ars  tned'icu  seu  Mdvhiw'iiia  seu 
Jfochoon'icfi,  Res  medira,  lot'rice,  late'ria, 
liitri'n,  latri'ne,  P(Bos'yne,  P<pon'ice,  latroteeh'- 
nice,  Aceito'riri,  Scien'tin  med'iva  seu  medendt, 
Sote'rin  doctri'nrt,  Iled'iciiie,  (old  E.)  Meihine, 
The  healing  art,  Leech  craft.  Physic,  (F.)  Mede- 
cine.  Same  etymon.  A  science,  the  object  of 
which  is  the  cure  of  disease  and  the  preservation 
of  health.  Occasionally,  it  is  used  to  comprehend 
all  the  branches  of  the  healing  art;  at  others  to 
comprise  one  great  division,  in  contradistinction 
to  surgery  and  ohsfelrics.  Medicine,  in  this  sense, 
includes  many  branches  ; — the  chief  of  which  are. 
Anatomy,  Physiology,  Pathology,  Therapeutics, 
Hygiene,  Materia  Mcdica,  and  Pharmacy. 

Medicina  CoNSEiiVATivA,  Hygiene — m.  Di;rt- 
etica.  Dietetics  —  m.  Diasostica,  Hygiene  —  m. 
Eclectica,  see  P^clectic — m.  Efficax.  Surgery — m. 
Eqiia.ria,  Hippiatria — m.  Euectica,  Gymnastics — 
m.  Forensis,  Medicine,  legal  —  m.  (iymnastica. 
Gymnastics  —  m.  Hcrmetica,  see  Spagyrists  —  m. 
Judiciaria,  Medicine,  legal — m.  Mechanica.  Kine- 
sipathy,  see  Mechanical — m.  Methodica,  see  Me- 
thodists—  m.  Militaris,  Military  medicine  —  m. 
Operativa,  Surgery  —  m.  Paracelsistica,  see  Spa- 
gyrists—  m.  Perturbatrix,  see  Perturbatrix  —  m. 
Politica,  Police,  medical  —  m.  Politico-forensis, 
Medicine,  state  —  m.  Publica,  Medicine,  state  — 
m.  Siniea,  Chinese  medicine — m.  Spairyrica,  Chy- 
miatria:  see  Spagyrists — ra.  State,  Police,  medi- 
cal— m.  Tristitiae,  Crocus — m.  Veterinaria,  Vete- 
rinary art. 

MEDICINABLE.  Medicinal. 

MEDICINAL,  Mcdicina'lis,  Medicnment'nl, 
Jfpdic"inol)le.  Mid'ical.  liiter'iiis,  Reiiic'dial.  Rc- 
me'dinte,  (F.)  J/edicinal,  J/edicamenteiix.  Satre 
etj'mon.  Having  a  remedial  power;  —  as  medi- 
cinal plants,  (fee.     Piclating  to  medicine,  as 

Mi'.i>i('"iNAi>  Days,  Mcdirina'les  Dirs.  Days 
on  which  the  ancients  considered  that  remedies 
might  be  administered;  and  especially  evacuants. 
Such  days  were  not  esteemed  critical. 

MF.niciNAL  HofRs.  Times  at  which — the  sto- 
mach being  freed  from  its  digestive  actions  — 
medicine,  it  was  thought,  could  be  most  advan- 
tageously adioiuistered,  as  in  the  morning  last- 


MEDICINE 


576 


MEDULLARY 


ing,  an  hour  before  dinner,  some  hours  after  it, 
and  nt  bedtime. 

MEDICINE,  Medicament,  Medicina. 

Mkdicine  is,  also,  used  in  the  same  sense  as 
Medicament,  and  for  a  purging  potion. 

To  Medicink  was  formerly  used  for  "to  restore 
or  cure  by  medicine." 

Medicine  Chest,  Pharmacotheca. 

Medicine,  Clinical,  see  Clinical  —  m.  Eclec- 
tic, see  Eclectic  —  m.  Empirical,  Arcanum  —  m. 
Galenic,  Galenism. 

Medicine,  Legal,  Medical  jurispru'dence  of 
some,  Laro  or  Foren'sic  medicine,  Jledici'iia  fu- 
ren'xis  sou  Jndicia'ria,  Diciatri'a,  (F.)  Medeciiie 
ler/ale.  The  application  of  medical  knowledge  to 
the  solution  of  every  question  connected  with 
the  preservation  of  the  species,  and  the  adminis- 
tration of  justice. 

Medicine,  Patent,  see  Patent  medicine  —  m. 
Political,  Police,  medical — m.  Quack,  Arcanum. 

Medicine  Stamp,  Cachet. 

Medicine,  State,  Medici'na  pnVlica  seu  poli- 
tieo-foren'sis.  The  medical  knowledge,  brought 
to  bear  on  state  objects,  as  on  public  hygiene, 
and  matters  appertaining  to  medical  jurispru- 
dence. 

MEDICINAR,  Doctor. 

MEDICINIER    GATHARTIQUE,   Jatropha 

MED'ICO  -  CHIRURG'TCAL,  Med'ico-  Chi- 
rur'gicus.  Relating  or  appertaining  to  medicine 
and  surgery  ; — as  '  medico-chimrgical  society.' 

Medico-Chiriihgicax  Anatomy,  see  Anatomy. 

MEDICO-LEGAL,  Afed'ico-le,,a'lii.  Relating 
to  legal  medicine;  as  'a  medico-leynl  inquiry, 
Iiiqiiinit"io  niedieo-leya'lis  —  'a  medico-legal  in- 
spection,' Innpec'tio  med'ico-lega'lin. 

MEDICO-STATISTICAL,  see  Statistics,  me- 
dical. 

MEDICUS,  Doctor,  Physician  —  m.  Equarius, 
Ilippiater  —  m.  Ocularis,  Oculist  —  m.  Ophthal- 
micus, Oculist — m.  Unguentarius,  latraleptes  — 
m.  Veterinarius,  Ilippiater  —  m.  Vulnerarius,  see 
Deligation— m.  Vulnerum,  Surgeon. 

MEDIM'NUS,  Medim' iins, /icSiiJivoi.  An  ancient 
measure,  capable  of  containing  about  i  pecks  and 
6  pints. 

MEDINOGORDIUS.  Dracunculus. 

MEDITULLIU.M,  Diploe. 

MEDIUM  MUSCULI,  see  Muscle  — m.  Ven- 
tris,  Umbilicus. 

MEDIUS,  .Middle,  Median. 

Me'dius  Dig"itus,  Jfiddle  Finger,  (F.)  Doigf 
da  MiUen,  is  between  the  index  and  ring  finger. 

MEDLAR,  Mespilus. 

MEDSINE,  Medicament,  Medicina. 

MEDO,  Ilvdromeli. 

MEDOBLEXNORRIKEA,  Leucorrhoea. 

MEDORRFlffiA.  Gonorrhoja  —  m.  Feminarum 
insons,  Leucorrhoea — m.  Virilis,  Gonorrhoea. 

MEDULLA,  Marrow  —  m.  Cerebri,  see  Cere- 
brum—  m.  Dorsalis,  M.  Spinalis  —  m.  Dorsualis, 
M.  Spinalis — ra.  Nervorum,  Neurine. 

Medul'la  Oblonga'ta,  Ob/<»ig  medul'la,  Cer'- 
ehrnl  protn'hernnce,  Nervous  si/nlem  of  the  senses, 
(Gall),  Cer'ebrnni  elongn'tum,  (F.)  Mesocephnle, 
Moelle  allongee,  jlfesencephtde,  (Ch.)  The  medul- 
lary substance  that  lies  within  the  cranium  upon 
the  basilary  process  of  the  occipital  bone.  The 
anterior  surface  which  rests  in  the  basilary 
groove,  is  impressed  by  the  basilary  artery.  At 
the  upper  extremity,  and  on  its  posterior  surface 
are  the  Tnhercula  rjuadrigcmiiia.  At  the  same 
extremity,  the  medulla  gives  rise  to  two  prolon- 
gations, the  peduncles  of  the  brain,  separated  from 
each  other  by  the  mamtnillary  eminences,  and 
becoming  lost  in  the  optic  thalami.  The  lower 
extremity  is  called  tRe  tail  or  Eachid'ian  bulb, 
JJulbus  meduU'cB  sjpina'lis  seu   rachid'icus,   (F.) 


Bulbe  racliidicn,  and  is  continuous  with  (he  me- 
dulla spinalis.  It  is  to  this  part  only  that  some 
anatomists  apply  the  name  Medulla  ol>/i,ui/nla. 
From  the  posterior  angles  two  other  prolongations 
arise,  called  Peduncles  of  tJie  cerei)clluin.  The 
medulla  oblongata  has  several  eminences  —  iIiq 
I'ons  varolii,  Corpora  ]>;/ratnidalia,  C.  olirariii 
&c. — and  it  has  a  longitudinal  fissure  before,  iinj 
another  behind,  called  the  anterior  and  ponlerior 
median  Jisiures.  The  vesicular  neuritio  in  tlio 
centre  of  the  medulla  is  the  nervous  centre  of 
respiration  and  deglutition:  hence  it  has  been 
called  centrum  vita'le. 

Medulla  Ossium,  Marrow  —  m.  Spinas,  M. 
spinalis. 

Medul'la  Spina'lis  seu  Spina  seu  dorsua'lit 
seu  vertebra'lis  seu  dorsa'lis,  Corda  aidua'lis, 
Funis  argen'teus,  lihache'trum,  My'elus,  M,  rhtt- 
chi'tes  seu  notice'us  seu  dianche'uius  sea  pso'i'les, 
Jifi/'elon,  Notomy'elus,  Jlhachi'tes,  yEon,  I'roces'. 
sus  raehidia'nus.  Sacra  fis'tula,  Spinal  jjrulonya'. 
tioH,  Ver'tebral  marrow.  Spinal  cord  or  marrow. 
Nervous  system  of  voluntary  motion  and  tactile 
impression  (Gall),  (F.)  Moelle  epiniire,  Moelle 
verlebrale,  called  by  Ch.,  I'rolongemenl  rarhidien 
of  the  encephalon,  is  the  continuation  of  the  me- 
dulla oblongata.  It  commences  at  the  foramen 
magnum  of  the  occipital  bone,  and  descends  in 
the  vertebral  canal  as  low  as  the  2d  lumbar  ver- 
tebra, without  filling  it;  presenting,  in  its  course, 
several  evident  enlargements.  It  is  grooved  on 
both  its  anterior  and  posterior  surfaces  by  a  fur- 
row, which  divides  it,  in  its  whole  length,  into 
two  great  nervous  cords,  intimately  united  with 
each  other.  It  terminates  by  an  oval  tubercle, 
whence  a  number  of  nerves  set  out  called  Cauda 
pqui'na,  (F.)  Queue  de  cheval,  from  its  resem- 
blance to  a  horse's  tail.  The  spinal  marrow  has 
no  analogy,  as  regards  its  structure,  with  the 
marrow  of  long  bones.  It  is  formed  of  two  sub- 
stances; one  white,  the  other  gray,  presenting 
an  inverse  arrangement  to  that  which  tlu'y  have 
in  the  brain,  the  white  being  external,  the  cinc- 
ritious  at  the  centre,  Substan'tia  gri'nea  centra'- 
lis.  It  is  enveloped  by  a  yellowish,  fibrous  iiieni- 
brane,  very  resisting,  which  seems  to  be  continued 
insensibly  from  the  pia  mater,  and  by  two  other 
membranes,  which  are  merely  prolongations  of 
the  arachnoid  and  dura  mater.     See  Nerve. 

Medulla  Vertebralis,  M.  spinalis. 

MEDULLA..  Sperm. 

MED'ULLARY,  MeduUa'ris,  (F.)  Mfdulloire, 
from  medulla,  'marrow.'  Relating  to  the  marrow, 
or  analogous  to  marrow. 

Medullary  Ar'teries.  The  arteries,  which 
enter  bones  and  pass  to  the  marrow. 

Medullary  Canal,  see  Canal,  medullnry  — 
m.  Cells,  see  Medullary  Membrane  —  m.  .luice, 
Marrow — m.  Matter  of  the  brain,  see  Cerebrum. 

Medullary  Membrane, Pen'o«'/e»m  fnter'num, 
Eudos'teum.  A  vascular,  areolar  web  of  extreme 
tenuity,  which  envelops  the  marrow  and  lines  the 
inner  surface  of  the  medullary  canal  of  the  long 
bones.  This  membrane  has  been  considered  as 
a  species  of  internal  periosteum  of  those  bones. 
It  has  numerous  vessels,  which  bury  themselves 
in  the  thickness  of  the  marrow  ;  and  others  which 
nourish  the  innermost  jdates  of  the  bone.  The 
cells  formed  by  it  are  termed  Ccl'lula  seu  <S'ac'- 
cvli  medulla'res. 

Medullary  Neurine,  see  Neurine  —  ra.  Sar- 
coma, Encephaloid,  nematodes  fungus. 

Medullary  Substance  of  the  Kidnky,  see 
Kidney — m.  s.  of  Schwann,  see  Nerve-fibre. 

Medullary  System.  Bichat  gives  this  nnrao 
to  the  marrow  and  its  membranes.  He  distin- 
guishes two  species  of  medullary  systems  ;  the 
one  occupies  the  cellular  tissue  at  the  extremities 
of  the  long  bones  and  that  of  the  flat  and  short 


MEDULLITIS 


577 


MELANAGOGUE 


bones;  the  other  is  found  merely  in  the  central 
canul  of  lonf;  bones. 

Mkdcllaky  Tumour  of  the  Lusgs,  Phthisis, 
cancerouii. 

MKDULLT'TIS,  Myelitis.    M.  Gonly  uses  Mf- 
dullile  for  inllaintiiiition  of  the  marrow  of  bones, 
0>ile(jiiiy<li'lin.  —  Mi/iUtia    being    usually    nppro- 
priiiteil  to  inflammation  of  the  spinal  marrow. 
MKKKAN.  Daucus  oarota. 

MEUALANTIIROPOGEN'ESIS,  from  ^tya^, 
fityaXn,  '  great, '  av^pwrrng,  'man,'  and  ycvcati, 
'  birth.'  A  term  used  by  a  French  physician, 
named  Robert,  to  designate  the  art  of  procreating 
great  men  ;  men  of  mind  ;  men  of  genius.  He 
considered  that  they  may  be  perpetuated  by 
always  taking  care  to  have  talented  men  united 
to  clever  women  ! 

ME(i  ALOCAll'DIA,  from  ^£ya?,^£yaX;7,  'great,' 
and  KafiStn,  'heart.'  The  state  of  having  a  very 
large  heart. 

ME(;AL0C(ELIA,  intestine,  great,  Megalo- 
splanchnia. 

MEOALOMEL'IA,  from  lityni,  ptcyaXri,  'great,' 
and  ficAoj,  'a  limb.'  A  monstrosity  characterized 
by  very  large  limbs. 

MEGALOPIIO'NIA,  from  iteyas,  lityaXr,, 
'great,'  and  ^wiij,  'voice.'  The  condition  of 
having  a  full,  strong  voice. 

MEGALOI'IITIIAL'MTTS,  from  /ityof,  /itynXr,, 
'great,'  and  o(pOn\iios,  'eye.'  A  congenital  de- 
forinitv,  in  which  tlie  eye  is  inordinately  large. 

MEGALOPUS,  Macropodus. 

MEGALOSPLANCII'NUS,  from  ^tya^,  tityn\r,, 
'great,'  and  an\ay)(^vov,  'a  viscus.'  JlfegaloctJe'lia. 
Hippocrates  ap|)lios  the  epithet  to  those  in  whom 
a  viscus,  or  the  viscera,  are  tumid.  Some  have 
used  the  substantive  Mc<j(do«p(uncli'nia  for  the 
tumour  itself. 

MEGALOSPLRNIA,  Splenoncus. 

MEGETIIOS,  Stature. 

MECiRIM.  Hemicrania. 

MEIIiO'MIUS,  ({LANDS  OF,  Fol'Ucho  of  M., 
Pal'pebral  or  Cil'iary  Fol'lidea,  GlniirliilcB  se- 
bn'cece  cilia'rea  seu  Meihomia'na,  Tntenlin'vla 
Meiho'mil,  Lacii'nm  prdpelra'nim,  (F.)  Folticiilcn 
pixlpehrnnx  ou  cilinirei,  Glrtmlos  (le  .ffelhamiiis. 
Small,  sebaceous  follicles,  called  after  Henry 
Meihomius,  although  known  long  before  his  de- 
scription of  them.  They  are  situate  in  special 
grooves  in  the  tarsal  cartilages ;  and  arc  ranged 
by  the  side  of  each  other,  in  the  form  of  yellowish, 
parallel,  and  vertical  lines;  sometimes  straight, 
at  others,  tortuous.  They  may  be  seen  at  the 
inner  surface  of  the  eyelids,  through  the  conjunc- 
tiva, and  secrete  a  sebaceous  humour,  called 
Lippilit'dn,  Gum,  (F.)  Chnssie. 

MEIO'SIS,  Men'sis,  Mio'sis,  Tmminu'tio,  3fi- 
nuthe'si'n,  Minitho'nin,  from  fuiooi,  '  I  lessen.'  The 
period  of  a  disease,  in  which  the  symptoms  begin 
to  diminish;  —  the  decline.  Remission.  Also, 
idiotism. 

MEIUROS,  Decurtatus,  Mvurns. 

MEKILWORT,  Atropa  belladonna. 

MEL,  Meli,  XiU'acum.  Hone,/,  (F.)  Miel  A 
substance  of  a  mueo-saccharine  nature,  prepared 
by  the  Apis  mel/i/'tca,  or  common  bee,  which 
collects  it  from  the  nectaries  of  flowers.  Honey 
is  employed  as  aliment,  condiment,  and  medicine. 
It  is  demulcent  and  aperient;  and  is  prescribed 
as  an  adjunct  to  gargles  in  cynanche  tonsillaris, 
Ac.  It  is,  at  times,  used  as  a  detergent  to  foul 
ulcers.  Virgin  Ifoiiei/,  Mel  rir'f/iinim  seu  i'(>- 
(fin'eiiui,  (F.)  .ffiel  vierrje,  is  that  which  flows 
from  the  wax  spontaneously. 

IIiM.'s  Balsam  op  Honky  is  formed  of  bnhnm 
f/tolii.  Ibj,  honeif.  Ibj,  rectified  spirit,  one  gallon. 
It  was  long  a  celebrated  empirical  pectoral. 

IIoNKV  Watrr  is    a  mixture   of  essences  co- 
loured with  saffron.     A  little  honey  is  added  to 
37 


I  communicate  a  clamminess;  the  effect  of  which 
is  to  make  it  retain  the  scent  the  longer.  It  is 
used  as  a  scent. 

Mkl  Acetatcm,  Oxymel  —  m.  iEgyptiacuni. 
iEgyptiacum  —  m.  Aerium,  Fraxinus  ornus  —  m. 
Arundinaceum,  Saccharum. 

Mkl  BoitA'ciS,  J/,  siibhnra'cis  seu  bornxn'tniii. 
Colliito'rinM  nilstrin'r/eiis,  Liiii men' turn  lie  Barn'ce 
seu  ad  aphtlias,  Linetiis  de  Bora'ee  seu  nd  aph- 
thas,  Honey  of  liora.x,  Mellite  de  boritx,  Mid 
borate.  (Boracis  contrit.  ^j,  niellis  despnmrifi  ^^j. 
Ph.  L.)  Detergent.  Applied  to  the  mouth  in 
aphthous  affections. 

Met.  Cannae,  Saccharum  (non  purificatum) — 
m.  Coctum,  Pelicide. 

Mel  Desi'uma'tdm,  M.  Depurn'tnm,  C/ar'iJied 
Honey,  Annphrom'eli,  (F.)  Miel  Clarifie  ou  de- 
sptitiie  ou  depure,  Jfcllite  simple,  Sirop  de  miel. 
Melt  the  honey  in  a  water-bath,  and  remove  the 
scum.     Uses  the  same  as  honey. 

Mrl  RoS/E.  M.  roia'tiim,  Melli'tiim  de  Rnsis. 
Rhodom'eli,  Uhodostac'ton,  Honey  of  Roses,  (F. ) 
Miel  rosnt,  Mellite  de  Roses.  (Rosa  r/allic.  ^'j, 
aqiKB  bidlietit.  f^^xij,  mellis  despnm.  f^^xx.  Ma- 
cerate the  roses  in  f^viij  of  boiling  water  for  f<iur 
hours;  press  out  as  much  fluid  as  possible  aii'l 
set  aside.  Macerate  the  residue  in  f^iv  of  boil- 
ing water  for  half  an  hour,  and  again  express. 
Reserve  f.^iv  of  the  first  infusion  ;  mix  the  re- 
mainder with  the  infusion  last  obtained  ;  add  the 
honey,  and  evaporate  to  a  pint.  Lastly,  add  the 
reserved  infusion,  and  strain.  Ph.  11.  S.)  Af- 
tringent  and  detergent.  Used  chiefly  iu  gargles 
and  washes  for  aphthae,  &c. 

Mel  Scill-*;,  Oxymel  scilla;  —  m.  Scillae  com- 
positura,  Syrupus  scillie  compositus. 

Mel  Vinosum,  ffinomel  —  m.  Virginum,  see 
Mel. 

MEL^'NA,  Mclanorrhag"ia,  Mel(Bnorrhrig"ia, 
Melm' no-diarrltip' n ,  Ic'terns  niger,  Melanchlo'rus, 
Melanic'teriis,  Melas  Te'teriis,  Melanism' lis,  Mor- 
bus niger  seu  niger  Hippoc'ratis,  Enterorrhir'n, 
niack  Jaundice,  (F.)  Melena,  Meleiie,  MSlas- 
ictere,  ]tfaladie  noire,  Meliii^,  Ictire  noire;  from 
(itXaf. /jfXrivuf,  '  black.'  A  name  given  to  vomit- 
ing of  black  matter,  ordinarily  succeeded  by 
evacuations  of  the  same  character.  It  seems  to 
be  often  a  variety  of  hcEmatemesis.  The  Black 
Vomit  in  yellow  fever  is  owing  to  a  morbid  secre- 
tion from  the  lining  membrane  of  the  stomach 
and  small  intestines  mixed  with  blood.  Melscna 
also  signifies  hemorrhage  from  the  intestines; 
Fluxus  sple'niciis,  Dysenter'ia  sple'nica,  Dejec- 
tio'nes  nigra;,  Seces'sus  niger,  Hem'orrhage  from 
the  Tutes'tincs. 

Mel^na  Fu:jgosa  Carcinodes,  nrematodes 
fungus. 

MELiENODTARRHCEA,  Melsena. 

MELv^iNOGO'OrS,  from  ficXnc,  ntXavoi.  'black,' 
and  ayw,  'I  drive  away.'  A  medicine  believed  to 
be  capable  of  expelling  atrabilis  or  'black  bile.' 

MEL.ENORRHAGIA,  Melaena. 

MELATXE.  see  Choroidea  tunica. 

MELALEU'CA  CAJAPU'TI,  M.  Minor  seu 
Leucoden'dron,  Myrtiis  Leneaden'dron,  Lepto- 
spcrmum  Leurnden'drum.  Ord.  Myrtaeea?.  'This 
plant  affords  the  Cajeput  Oil,  (see  Caiepnt.)  The 
leaves  are  esteemed  diuretic,  stomachic,  and  em- 
raenagogne. 

MELALEt'CA  Leccodendron,  M.  Cajaputi  — 
m.  Minor.  M.  Cajaputi. 

MELAMPIIO'NUS,  from  ^t>of,  'obscure,'  and 
ipuvTi'  'voice.'    Ha  vins  a  hoarse  or  indistinct  voice. 

MELAMPHYLLUM.  Acanthus  mollis. 

MELA  M POD E.  Helleborus  niger. 

MELAMPODIUM.  Helleborus  niger. 

MELAX/EMA.  Suffocation. 

MELAN/EMIA.  Venosify. 

MEL'ANAGOGUE,  Mdanago'gus,  from  ^JtXaj, 


MELANCHLORUS 


578 


MELEGUETTA 


^'Xavog,  'black,'  and  ayu,  'I  expel.'  A  merlioine 
which  the  ancients  believed  adapted  for  expelling 
blnok  hile  or  niclaneholy. 

MP^LANCIILO'R'US,  from  /-"tXat.  ixeUvof, 
•  black,'  and  x^-^poi'  '  green.'  The  ancients  gave 
this  name  to  certain  dark-coloured  topical  reme- 
dies.    See  Melaena. 

MELANCHOLE,  Atrabilis. 

MELANCHOLIA,  Melancholy —  m.  Autochi- 
rica.  Suicide  —  m.  Errabunda,  Cuttubuth,  Kutu- 
buth— m.  Flatuosa,  Hypochondriasis — m.  Hypo- 
chondriaca.  Hypochondriasis — m.  Nervea,  Hypo- 
chondriasis—  ni.    Pleonectica,    see     Pleonectica 

—  m.    Saltans,    Chorea  —  m.   Suicidium,    Suicide 

—  ni.  Uterina,  Nymphomania  —  m.  Zoanthropia, 
Melancholy. 

MEL'ANCHOLIC,  IfeJanclioViens,  Melan'chn- 
his,  MeJnnchoJo'deR,  (Se.)  Dram,  Drum,  (F.)  3le- 
hniroHqiie,  from  /utXnf,  jjc^avog,  'black,'  and  x°^'^' 
'bile.'  One  labouring  under  melancholy.  That 
which  belongs  or  relates  to  melancholy.^  In 
popular  language,  one  of  a  gloomy  disposition. 
MELANCHOLINESS,  Melancholy. 
MELANCHOLODES,  Melancholic. 
MELANCHOLUS,  Melancholic. 
MEL'ANCHOLY,  Melancho'lia,  same  etymon. 
Lyjiema'nin,  Ecphro'nia  MelfincJto'Ua,  Mania 
Mclaiicho'lica  seu  Melancho'lia,  Tristema'nia, 
Baryth'mia,  Htjpolepsioma'nia,  Anoe'sia  ndstric'- 
ta,  Fixa'tio  mononoe'a,  Mel'ancholiuefin,  (Sc.)  Dis- 
mal ;  (F.)  Melancolie,  Li/perophrenie.  Same 
etymon.  A  disease  supposed,  by  the  ancients,  to 
be  caused  by  black  bile.  A  variety  of  mental 
alienation,  characterized  by  excessive  gloom, 
mistrust,  and  depression,  generally,  with  insanity 
on  one  particular  subject  or  train  of  ideas,  Mnno- 
nin'nia,  Monomo'ria.  Panaphohia,  Demonomania, 
ErntDmnnia,  Nostalgia,  &c.,  may  be  referred  to 
this  head. 

Melancholy  is  also  used  for  unusual  gloominess 
of  disposition. 

Melancholy,  Erotic,  Erotomania  —  m.  Love, 
Erotomania.  « 

MELAN'CHRUS,    Melan'ochms,   from    iieXa;, 
licyavoc,  'black,'  and  XP^^'  '*   colour.'     One    at- 
tacked with  black  jaun'ciice.     Supposed,  by  some, 
to  be  an  abbreviation  of  Melanehlorus. 
MELANCOLIE,  Melancholy. 
MELANCOLfQUE.  Melancholic. 
MELANEPHRIDOSIS,  Sudor  Anglicus  niger. 
MELANGE  PECTORAL,  Mistura  acidi  hy- 
drocyaniei. 

MELAN'IC,  3felan'icwi,  Melajtnt'ic,  Melanot'- 
iciis,  (F.)  Melan^ ;  from  jxtXag,  ficXavoi,  'black.' 
(>f  or  belonging  to  Melanosis; — as  3fehinic 
(icponit,  a  black  colouring  nintter  deposited  from 
the  blood  under  special  circumstances;  —  see 
Melanosis. 

MELANTC  DEPOSIT,  Melanosis. 
MELANICTERUS,  Melaena. 
MKLANIENNES.  (Taehe^),  Ncevus. 
MELANINE,  see  Choroidea  tunica. 
MELANISME,  Melanismus. 
MELANISMUS,    Melfena.     M.  L  C.  St.  Hi- 
laire  employs  the  term  Melanisme.  for  the  change 
of  coloration  of  the  skin  in  which  the  pigment  is 
of  a  deeper  hue  and  in   greater   quantity  than 
natural. 

MELANOCARCINOMA,  Cancer,  melanotic. 
MELANOCHRUS,  Melanchrus. 
MELANOMA,  Melanosis  —  m.  Pulmonum,  see 
Melanosis. 

MELANOMYCES,  Melanospongns. 
MELANOPATHI'A,   from   ,Jt\a;,   neUvof, 
'black,'   and    KaOo^,  'affection.'     Ni'qrilism,   Ni- 
<jrii"ie9.     A  disease  of  the  skin,  which  consists 


in  augmentation  of  black  pigment:  generally  in 

patches. 

MELANOPHYMA,  Ergot. 
MELANOPIPER,  Piper  nigrum. 
MELANOPNEUINION,  see  Melanosis. 
MELANORRIIAtUA,  Mclrena. 
MELANORRIIIZUM,  Helleborus  niger. 
MELANOSE,  Melanosis. 

MELANO'SIS,  Melan'sia,  Melaiw'ma,  Nigritn'. 
do,  (F.)  Df-</in^rescence  noire,  MHauoHc ;  from 
lic\as,  ni\ttvoi,  'black.'  An  organic  affection,  in 
which  the  tissue  of  the  parts  is  converted,  owing 
to  a  mehin'ic  deposit,  into  a  black,  hard,  hunio- 
geneous  substance,  near  which  ulcers  or  cavities 
may  form;  —  owing  to  the  softening,  citlior  of 
the  substance  itself,  or  of  some  other  morbid 
tissue,  —  of  tubercles  especially.  This  morbific 
change  affects  the  lungs  particularly  ;  when  it  is 
called  Jfelano'sis  seu  Melano'ma  seu  A\ithruco' nig 
Puhno'num,  Ifelanopnen'mon,  Niyritu'do  mclnnut'- 
icd,  Melnji'sis  Pulmonum,  Puenmonovielinio'niii, 
Black  tubercle,  (F.)  Melanoee  Pulmonaire.  It  is, 
also,  met  with  in  the  liver  and  areolar  texture. 
Its  causes  are  very  obscure.  Melanosis  of  tlio 
lungs  constitutes  one  of  the  species  of  phthisis 
of  Bayle ;  but  it  is  impossible  to  distinguish  it 
from  the  other  species  during  life. 

In  the  classification  of  Fuchs,  Melanosen 
(G.)  forms  a  family  of  diseases. 

The  deposition  of  melanic  matter  in  the  tissues 
is  not  necessarily  connected  with  malignant  dis- 
ease.    See  Cancer,  melanotic. 

Melanosis  Pulmonum,  see  Melanosis — m. 
Universalis,  Venosity. 

MELANOSMEGMA,  see  Sapo. 

MELANOSPO  N'G  U  S,  Melannmy'ces,  from 

f/fX«s,    /ifAfiTOs,    'black,'    and     amyyo;,    'si)onge.' 

The  tuberiform  variety  of  melanosis  of  the  lungs. 

MELANOTIC,  Melanic  —  m.  Cancer,  Cancer, 

melanotic. 

MEL'ANOTIIRIX,  Atricapill'nH,  (F.)  Milam- 
trifjue,  from  ficXas,  'black,'  and  5/ji|,  'hair.' 
Having  black  hair. 

MELANSIS,  Melanosis  —  m.  Pulmonum,  Me- 
lanosis pulmonum. 

MELANTIIIUM,  Nigella,  M.  Virginicum— m. 
Musca;toxicum,  Ainianthum  muscoetoxicum. 

MuLAN'TnillM  VirOIN'iCUM,  Melauthiuni,  Lei- 
mnn'thium  Viri/in'icum,  Quafadil ;  indigenous; 
Order,  Melanthaceae,  flowering  in  July,  is  said  to 
be  a  sure  but  severe  remedy  for  itch. 

MEL  AS,  Lepra  nigricans  —  m.  Icterus,  Me- 
laena. 

MELAS'MA,  Ecchymn'mn  3felos'mn,  Nirp-nr, 
from  pie^ag,  '  black.'  A  black  spot  or  ccdiyinosis, 
occurring  on  the  lower  extremities  of  old  people 
especially.  Also  a  cutaneous  affection  analogou.s 
to  chloasma,  differing  from  it  only  in  the  (lurk 
c(d()ur  of  the  morbid  pigment.  It  is  also  called 
Pityri'fieis  nii/ra. 

MELAS'SES,  Molns'ses,  Melns'lum,  Theriacn 
commu'nis,  S'ljr'upus  enipi/renwat'icus  sen  nit/er, 
Sac'chari  F<PX,  Treacle.  (Old  Eng.)  Triarle ;  froia 
/ieXi,  'honey,'  or  from  /jtXu?,  '  black.'  The  syrup, 
which  remains  after  the  juice  of  the  sugar-cane 
has  been  subjected  to  all  the  operations  for  ex- 
tracting sugar  from  it.  In  the  United  States,  the 
syrup,  made  in  the  process  of  forming  cnminon 
sugar,  is  called  melasses  ;  that  remaining  after 
the  refinement  of  sugar  being  termed  eutjar-huuH 
melasses  or  treacle. 

Mklassrs  Simrit,  Rnm. 
MELATHOPH'IA,  from   pitUi,  'a  limb,'  and 
arnixDia,  '  wasting.'     Wasting  of  the  limbs. 

MELCA.  iJt>Ka.     Food  made  of  milk,  coogo- 
lated  bv  boiling  vinegar. 
MELE,  Specillum. 
MELEA,  Pyrus  malu.i. 
MELEGUETTA,  Amomum  grana  paradisL 


MELEIOS 


579 


MELLITUM 


MELET'OS,  n„\eios,  Mdi'nun,  Melias.     A  spe- 
cies of  alum  found  in  the  island  of  Melos. 
MKLENA,  Meiwna. 
JUKLENE,  Melajna. 

MKI,Ey,K,  Pinus  larix. 

MKLI,  Mel. 

MKLIA,  Fraxinus  ornus. 

Mk'lia  Azbd'arach,  Azednra'cha  amcp'nn, 
PoiHiin  lierry  Tree,  Azed' aracli ,  Pride  of  India 
or  of  Clu'iiH,  Pride  tree,  Hop  tree,  Bead  tree. 
Xat.  Ord.  Meliaceae;  Sex.  Si/st.  Decandria  Mo- 
nogynia.  The  bark  of  the  root — called  in  India 
ifeem  Hark,  Azedarach,  (Ph.  U.  S.),  is  usually 
given  in  decoction,  in  the  proportien  of  three  or 
fuur  ounces  of  the  bark  of  the  fresh  root  to  a 
quart  of  water,  boiled  down  to  a  pint.  The  dose 
is  one  or  two  table-spoonfuls,  every  two  or  three 
hours,  till  purging  is  induced.  It  is  given  in  this 
manner  as  an  anthelmintic.  It  is  sometimes 
formed  into  an  ointment,  and  used  in  tinea 
capitis.  The  tree  is  a  native  of  Syria,  Persia, 
and  the  north  of  India,  and  is  abundant  in  the 
eouthern  states  of  the  Union. 

Mki.ia  Ti;nitA,  Creta. 

MELIAN'TIIUS  MAJOR,  Nat.  Ord.  Zygo- 
phylleaj.  A  south  African  plant,  a  depiction  of 
whose  leaves  is  a  good  external  remedy  in  tinea 
cnpilis,  crusta  serpiginosa,  necrosis  and  foul 
ulcers.  It  is  also  useful  as  a  gargle  and  lotion 
ill  sore  throat  and  diseases  of  the  gums.  The 
hruised  leaves  applied  to  ulcers  promote  granu- 
lation. 

MELICERA,  Porrigo  favosa. 

MELICEHIA,  Ilydrarthrus,  Porrigo  favosa. 

JIELICE'RIS,  Mcllfa'vium,  from  jttXi.,  'honey,' 
and  ici/poj,  '\V!1X.'  Emphi/'tna  eiivi/s'tis  melice'ris. 
All  encysted  tumour  filled  with  a  substance  re- 
seinhling  honey.     Also,  Porrigo  favosa. 

MELIC'EllOUS,  McHcer'itoHn  :  same  etymon. 
Having  the  characters  of  meliceris, — as  a  melice- 
ruuH  tiiinour. 

MELICERUM,  Porrigo  favosa. 

MELICIIEI'UM,  from  fitXi,  'honey,'  and  j^^tw, 
'I  pour  out.'  A  honey-like  discharge  from  an 
ulcer. 

JIELTCRATUM.  Hydromeli. 

MELIFAVIUM,  Meliceris,  Porrigo  favosa. 

MELIGEI'ON,  from  ni\i,  'honey.'  A  fetid 
humour  of  the  consistence  of  honey,  discharged 
from  ulcers,  accompanied  with  caries  of  a  bone. 

MKLILOT,  Trifolium  melilotus. 

MELILOTUS,  Trifolium  melilotus. 

JIELIME'LUM,  from  ^tXi,  'honey,' and  ftriXov, 
'an  apple.'  A  name  given  to  two  compounds: — 
one  of  honey  and  quince,  the  other  of  honey  and 
apples. 

MKfJXE,  Melaena. 

MELINI  SULPHAS,  Cadmii  sulphas. 

MELl'NUM,  firj'Xivov.  The  ancient  name  of  an 
ointment,  and  of  several  plasters,  described  by 
I)ioscorides  and  Galen  :  so  called  from  their  re- 
semhling  the  nn^^uv  or  quince  in  colour. 

Mr.i.iNiiM  SiJi.PHURicuM,  Cadmii  sulphas. 

JIELINUS,  Meleios. 

Ml^LIOLl^,  Mellitum. 

MELIPIIYLLUIM,  Melissa. 

MELIS'SA,  from  ixt'S.iaaa,  'a  bee.'  because  bees 
piitlier  honey  from  it.  M.  offieina'llK  seu  I'oiiin'- 
iKi  scu  liirsu'ta  seu  ctt'rina  seu  citrn'ta  seu  hor. 
tiii'nis,  CItra't/o,  Citra'ria,  Melitei'a,  Melln»(d)'- 
«><»,  Mrliltp'uri,  ifeliiKohnt'anum,  MeJInnophiil'- 
liim,  Meliphyl'hiiti,  Mentha  citrn'ta,  Melit'lin, 
Ceilrniiel'la,  A/jian'triim,  Ero'tion,  Balm,  (F.) 
.V/'iW,  La.  Cilronelle,  Cftine ;  Nat.  Ord.  Ln- 
hiat.'B.  The  leaves  of  balm,  Melissa  (Ph. 
V.  S.).  have  a  pleasant  odour;  and  an  austere 
and  aromatic  taste.  Halm  was  formerly  much 
used  ia  nervous  diseases,  but  is  now  only  em- 


ployed when  made  into  tea,  as  a  diluent,  in  fe- 
brile affections.  It  is  the  basis  of  a  celebrated 
preparation, — the  Eau  des  Cannes. 

Melissa  Calamin'tha,  Calamin'tha.  C.  vuJga'- 
rie  seu  ofUcina'riim  seu  yrandljlo'ra,  ThymuH  ca- 
lamin'tha,Cal'amint,  NpHpite,  {¥.)  Calament.  This 
plant  smells  like  wild  mint,  though  more  agree- 
ably. It  is  used,  popularly,  as  a  tea  in  dyspep- 
sia; flatulent  colic;  hysteria;  uterine  obstruc- 
tions, (fee. 

Melissa  Canariensis,  Dracocephalum  Cana- 
riense — m.  Citrata,  Melissa — in.  Citrina,  Melissa 
— m.  Clinopodium,  Clinopodium  vulgare. 

Melissa  GiiANniFi.o'itA,  7'hynni«  glnndifo'nts, 
Calami)i'tha  maipio  jlnrc,  C.  niniita'na,  Jliniutain 
Cal'amiut.  This  plant  resembles  the  last  in 
virtues. 

Melissa  IIirsuta,  Melissa  —  m.  Ilortensis, 
Melissa — in.  Humilis,  Melittis  melissophyllum. 

Melissa  Nep'icta.  7'hywim  urp'fta  seu  multi- 
fo'riis,  Ciihniiiii'tlia  Aii'ylica  seu  Puh'yii  odo're 
seu  nep'eta  seu  parvijlo'ra  seu  trichot'owa,  Nep'- 
eta  (igres'tis,  Field  Val'amint,  Spotted  Oul'amint. 
Formerly  used  as  an  aromatic. 

Melissa  Officinalis,  Melissa  —  m.  Pulegioi- 
iles.  Iledeoma — rii.  Romnna,  Melissa — in.  Tragi, 
Melittis  melissophyllum  —  m.  Turcica,  Dracoce- 
phalum Canariense. 

MELISSE  DES  HOIS,  Melittis  melissophyl- 
lum—  m.  de  Moldavie,  Dracocephalum  Canari- 
ense. 

MELISSOBOTANUM,  Melissa. 

MELISSOBOTOS,  Melissa. 

MELISSOPHYLLUM,  Melissa,  Melittis  melis- 
sophyllum. 

MELISSOT,  Melittis  melissophyllum. 

MELITiR'MIA,  JldithcB'mia,  from  ^,c>^, 
'honey,'  and  'ai^ia,  'blood.'  A  condition  of  the 
circulating  fluid,  in  which  it  contains  an  unusual 
quantity  of  saccharine  matter. 

MELIT^NA,  Melissa. 

MELITAGRE.  Impetigo. 

MELITEIA,  Melissa. 

MELITILEMIA,  Melitremia. 

MELITIIOCORTON,  Comllina  Corsicana. 

MELITIIYPERURIA,  Diabetes. 

MELI'TIS,  Infainina'tio  gencE  ;  from  /iqXov, 
'  the  cheek,' and  /f/s,  denoting  inflammation.  In- 
flammation of  the  cheek. 

MELITITES,  Hydromeli. 

MELITTA,  Bee. 

MELITTIS,  Melissa. 

Melit'tis  Melissophyl'lfw,  La'mium  monta'- 
nnm,  McliKsa  hn'milis  seu  sylres'lris  seu  Tragi, 
La'miinn  Plin'ii,  Melissophyl'lnm,  Bastard  Balm, 
(F.)  Jfelisxe  des  Bois,  Melissot.  Ord.  Labiatfe. 
This  plant  was  formerly  employed,  like  the  balm, 
in  uterine  obstructions. 

Melittis  Svlvesthis,  M.  Melissophyllum. 

MRLTTURIA,  Urine,  diabetic,  see  Diabetes. 

MELI'TUS,  Melli'tiis.  from  mcl,  '  honey.'  Ap- 
pertiiininff  to  hnnov.     Of  the  nature  of  honey. 

MELIZO'MUM,  from  ^rXi,  'honey.'  and  ^ui/iog, 
'broth  ;'  Mead,  Melli'na,  Metheflin,  (Prov.)  Mnl- 
lin.     A  drink  prepared  with  honey. 

MELLA'GO,  from  mel,  'honey.'  Any  medi- 
cine having  the  consistence  of  honey.  A  fluid 
extract. 

MKLLTCRATUM,  Ilvdromeli. 

MELLIFAVIUM,  Porrigo  favosa. 

M  ELL  IN  A,  Melizomnni. 

MEL  LITE  DE  BORAX.  Mel  boracis— m.  de 
Roses,  jiel  ro<^fe — m.  Simple.  Mel  despuinntum. 

MELLI'TUM.  from  md,  'honey.'  (F.)  Miel 
vte'diciual.  Hydromelle,  Saccharide  liqiiide.  Meli- 
ole.     A  prepared  honey: — a  medicated  honey. 

Mkllitum  de  Acetate  Ctpri,  Linimentum 
JErugiuis. 


MELLITUS 


580 


MEMBRANA 


Mrt-ltthm  dk  Meucuria'li  Compos'itum,  (F.) 
]lfiel  lie  merriiriale  cotiipone,  Si/ri>p  de  lonrjiie  vie. 
(Slice,  purl/,  tiiprciiriuliii  Ibij,  borni/iiiin,  aiichusce 
offieinnliH,  aa  tt)ss,  iris  puriidncori  riidicia  recent. 
2ij,  rnd.  nice.  geiitiniicB  ,^j,  mellis  Ibiij,  vini  albi 
^^^xiij.  Macerate  the  bruised  roots  in  the  wine 
for  24  hours ;  strain  ;  mix  the  juices  and  honey ; 
l)oil  slightly,  and  filter:  then  add  the  two  liquors, 
and  hoil  to  the  consistence  of  syrup.  Ph.  P.) 
Cathartic,  stomachic,  &c. 

Mei.litum  db  Rosis,  Mel  rosae. 

Mkllitum  Simplex,  Si/r'iipiis  de  jlfelle,  Si/riip 
of  Huiiey.  {Mel/in  tbvj,  fiqiicB  Ibiss,  carboiiat. 
citlcis.  prmparot.  ,^iij.  iMix  the  honey,  water, 
and  carbonate  of  lime  in  a  silver  vessel :  boil  the 
mixture,  stirring,  at  the  same  time,  for  2  or  3 
minutes:  then  a.dd  prepared  animal  charcoal  ^v), 
tnio  whites  <\f  eg(]s,  mixed  in  a  pint  of  water.  Mix 
all,  and  boil  to  the  consistence  of  syrup  :  remove 
irora  the  fire;  let  the  sj'rup  rest  for  15  minutes, 
and  p:iss  through  a  cloth.      Ph.  P.)     Demulcent. 

MKLLITUS,  Melitus. 

MELO^E'MIA,  from  jicKai,  'black,'  and  'aifia, 
'blood.'  A  state  of  blood,  characterized  by  its 
incoagulability,  black  colour,  and  septic  pro- 
perties. 

MELOCHI'TIS,  Lapis  Arme'nius,  Armeni'tes, 
Arme'niau  Stone.  A  variety  of  blue  carbonate 
of  copper.  It  is  found  in  (Jermany,  the  Tyrol, 
and  especially  in  Armenia.  It  was  formerly  em- 
})loyod  as  a  cardiac,  and  as  proper  for  purging 
avvav  melancholy. 

MELODID'YMUS,  from  /itAof,  'a  limb,'  and 
iiiuixns.  '  double.'     A  double  member  or  limb. 

MKLOE  MAJALIS.  see  Cantharis. 

Mklok  Niger,  M.  Pennnyhan'icns  ;  Class,  Jn- 
secta;  Ord.  Coleoptera.  A  blistering  fly,  nati\'o 
of  the  United  States.  It  feeds  upon  Pmnel'la 
vidga'ria  or  Self-heni,  and  Amhro'sin  tri/'ida  or 
Stick-weed.  These  flies  resemble  the  Spanish 
flies  in  properties. 

Mki.oe  Pknn'sylvanictis,  M.  niger. 

Mei.or  ProscaraB/E'us,  Cantarel'lus,  was 
anciently  used  as  a  diuretic  and  anti-hydropho- 
bic.     See  Cantharis. 

Mri.ok  Vesicatorius,  Cantharis. 

MELOM'ELES,  from  jxc\og,  'a  member,'  and 
/ieXcos,  'unprofitable.'  A  monster  with  super- 
numerary limbs. 

MELON,  firiXov,  '  an  apple.'  A  disorder  of  the 
eye,  in  which  it  protrudes  out  of  the  socket.  See 
Exoplitliiilmi.T. — Castelli. 

Mki.om,  Cucumis  melo — m.d'Eau,  Cucurbita 
citrullus  — m.  Plant,  Cucumis  melo  —  m.  Water, 
Cucurbita  citrullus. 

MELONGEXA,  Solanum  melongena. 

MELOPLACUNTIUxM,  Meloplacus. 

MELOPLA'CUS,  Meloplacim' tinm,  from  ixn^ov. 
'  an  apple,'  'a  quince.'  A  compound  obtained  by 
lioiling  iciiie,  honey,  quince,  pe^^per,  <fec.,  together. 
— aalen. 

MELOPLAS'TTC,  Meloplas'ticm,  Genoplas'tic, 
from  ijin^iv,  'the  cheek,'  and  irXaattui,  'I  form.' 
(F.)  Mfdaplasiie,  an  epithet  for  the  operation  for 
forming  a  new  cheek  when  any  part  of  it  has 
been  lost. 

MELOS,  litKof,  Memhrxim.  A  member.  A  limb. 
An  organized  part,  composed  of  other  parts. — 
Castelli. 

MELO'SIS,  Catheten'a'mus,  Oenemhate'sia,  from 
^ir{Kri,  'a  probe.'  The  act  of  probing  a  wound, 
ulcer,  (to. — llippocratus.     Catheterism. 

MELOTIIllUM.  Bryonia  alba; 

MELO'TIS,  Melo'tris,  Specil'lum  minus.  From 
ftri^tj,  '  a  probe.'  A  small  probe, — a  probe  for  the 
ear.     See  Apvromele. 

MELOTRTS,  Melotis. 

MELT,  Spleen.  Also,  the  sperm  of  fish,— 
3filt. 


MELTING,  Fusion. 

MELUM,  nri\ov,  Malum.  An  apple.  Fruit  in 
general.  Also,  a  round,  firm  female  breast. 
The  cheek.  The  apple-eye  or  melon-eye  is  nn 
apple-formed  projection  of  the  eye  from  tho 
orbit. 

Melum  Armeniacum,  Prunus  armoniaco  —  in, 
Cydonium,  see  Pyrus  cydonia. 

MELUSTUM,  Melasses. 

MEMBRA  PUDENDA,  Genital  organs. 

MEMBRANA,  Membrane— m.  Abdominis,  Pc- 
ritoniEUin — m.  Adi|)o.sa,  Cellular  membrane— in. 
Adventitia,  Decidua  refiexa — m.  Agnina,  Amnios 
— m.  AmphiblestrodcB,  Retina — ni.  Araehnoidea, 
Hyaloid  membrane  —  m.  Capsularis  testis,  Allm- 
ginea  —  m.  Carnosa,  Dartos  —  m.  Cellulosa,  Cel- 
lular membrane — m.  Cellulosa,  Decidua— m.  Ce- 
rebri tenuis,  Pia  mater  —  m.  Cerebri  mollis,  Pia 
mater  —  m.  Cerebri  propria,  Pia  mater — m.  Cho- 
rio  eapillaris,  see  Choroide.'i  tunica — m.  Circu- 
mossalis.  Periosteum — m.  Communis,  Decidiin  — 
in.  Cor  circumplexa,  Pericardium — m.  Ci/rdis, 
Pericardium — m.  Costalis,  Pleura — m.  Costas  suc- 
cingens.  Pleura  —  m.  Crassa,  Decidua  reflexa  — 
m.  Cribrosa,  Decidua —  m.  Cuticularis,  Dura  mn- 
ter  — in.  Decidua  scrotina,  see  Decidua  —  iii.  Dc- 
muriana,  see  Aqueous  humour,  and  Cornea  —  in. 
Dentata,  Denticulatum  ligamentura — in.  Deriiia- 
todes.  Dura  mater  —  m.  Descemetii,  see  Aqueous 
humour,  and  Cornea — m.  Diaphratton,  Mcliasti- 
nuin — m.  Dura  cerebrum  ambiens.  Dura  mater — 
m.  Epicrania,  Galea  aponeurotica  capitis  —  m. 
Externa  dentium,  Tapetum  alveoli — m.  Farcimi- 
nalis,  Allantois — m.  Fenestme  rotundic,  see  Fe- 
nestra—  m.  Filamcntosa,  Decidua  reflexa  —  m. 
Plocculenta,  Decidua  —  m.  Foctum  involveiis, 
Amnios — ra.  Fusca,  see  Sclerotic. 

Mejibra'na  GranijLo'sa,  Gran'ular  memhrane 
or  layer,  (F.)  3lembrane  granidense,  Coiiche  ecl- 
hileuse  (Coste).  A  layer  of  yellow,  granular 
matter,  which  lines  the  inner  layer  of  the  Griia- 
fian  follicle,  and  is  regarded  by  Kiilliker  as  epi- 
thelium. 

Membrana  Humorts  Aquei,  see  Aqueous  hu- 
mour—  m.  Interspinalis,  Interspinal  ligament  — 
m.  Intestinalis,  Allantois — m.  Jacobi.  Tunica 
Jaeobi — m.  Jacobi  Arnold,  see  Iris — m.  Liinitnn?, 
see  Iris  —  m.  Limitans  Pacini,  see  Iris — m.  Lin- 
guDO,  see  Tongue — m.  Macilentior,  Epiploon,  gas- 
trohepatic — m.  Mucosa,  Decidua,  see  iMeinlirnne — 
m.  Nervorum,  Neurilemma — m.  Nictitans,  Vnlvula 
semilunaris — m.  Olfactoria,  Pituitary  mcmlFrane 
—  m.  Ossis,  Periosteum  —  m.  Ovi  niaterna,  De- 
cidua—  m.  Ovuli  cortioalis,  Oiocalyinina — in. 
Pellucida,  Amnios  —  m.  Pigmenti,  see  Iris  —  ui. 
Pinguedinosa,  see  Cellular  membrane  —  in.  Pin- 
guis  intestinoruin,  Jlesentery — m.  Pitiiiiariii, 
Pituitary  membrane,  see  Membrane  —  m.  Pilui- 
tosa,  see  Membrane — m.  Pleuretica,  Pleura— m. 
Prseexistens,  Decidua — m.  Propria,  Basement 
membrane,  and  Folliculi  Graafian!,  see  Cortex 
ovi — m.  Pupillaris,  Pupillary  meiiihrane. 

Membra'na  Putam'i.sis,  (pntamen,  'a  shell  or 
husk.')  Pellic'itla  Ovi.  The  memhrane  adlicrent 
to  the  inner  surface  of  the  eggshell.  —  Putumen 
seu  Testa  Oi-i. 

Membrana  Retiformis  Chorii,  Decidua  reflexa 
— m.  Ruyschiana,  Choroid  (inner  layer.) 

Membrana  Sacciform'is.  A  separate  synovial 
membrane  for  the  inferior  radio-cubital  articula- 
tion, which  covers  the  upper  surface  of  the  trian- 
gular ligament,  and  the  sort  of  incomplete  ring 
which  circumscribes  the  head  of  the  ulna. 

Membrana  SEMiPELLi;cinA,Caligo— m.Sernfa, 
Membrane  (serous)  —  m.  Sinuosa,  Decidua  —  m. 
Subcostalis,  Pleura — m.  Succingens,Diapbragiii, 
Pleura. 

Membuana    TEST.E,    Shell    membrane.     Tbe 


MEMBRANACEOUS 


581        MEMBRANES  ALBUGINEUSES 


membrane  that  lines  the  shell  of  the  bird's  egg: 
— a  simple  ineriibriine. 

Mkmukana  TiioitACKM  IxTERSEPiEXS,  Media- 
etiiiutn — III.  Tyiupiiiii,  pee  Tympanum — m.  Tym- 
piini  secundariii,  see  Fenestra — m.  Urinaria,  Al- 
iiintois — ni.  Uteri  interna  evoluta,  Decidua — m. 
Uvea,  Uvea — m.  Vasculosa  cerebri,  Pia  mater — 
in.  Viisorum  Coinmuniij,  Endangium — m.  Verricu- 
luris,  Retina. 

Mkmbka'na  Versic'olok.  A  peculiar  mem- 
brane—  aet'urding  to  Mr.  Fielding,  of  Hull  — 
situate  iinuiodiately  behind  the  retina,  and  in 
conne.vion  with  it.  It  is  separable  into  distinct 
layers  from  the  choroid,  and  is  supplied  with 
bhioil-vessels. 

Mi;.MBiiANA  Waciiendorfiana,  Pupillarymem- 
brnne. 

MEMBRANACEOUS,  Membranous. 

MKM15RANE,  Mcmbra'mi,  Hymen,  Meuinx, 
Epeii'di/mi(,  Pan'nule.  A  name  given  to  differ- 
ent thin  organs,  representing  a  species  of  supple, 
more  or  less  elastic,  webs  ;  varying  in  their  struc- 
ture and  vital  properties,  and  intended,  in  gene- 
ral, to  absorb  or  secrete  certain  fluids;  and  to 
separate,  envelop,  and  form  other  organs.  Bi- 
chiit  has  divided  the  membranes  into  simple  and 
compound. 

Simtile  membranes  comprise  three  orders.  1.  A 
J/»(v)u»  niemhnnie,  Memhra'iia  mnco'sa  seu  pitiii- 
tn'm  seu  pitnita'ria,  Phley'mi/men,  Phlexpnat' hy- 
men, Membrane  follictileuse  (Ch.),  is  SO  called,  on 
account  of  the  mucous  fluid  by  which  it  is 
const^intly  lubricated.  Mucous  membranes  line 
the  canals,  cavities,  and  hollow  organs,  which 
coiiiniunicate  externally  by  different  apertures 
on  the  skin.  Bichat  refers  them  to  two  great 
divisions — the  (/ustro-pnlnmnary,  and  the  r/cnifo- 
vn'iKiry.  The  mucous  membranes  have  a  striking 
nii!ili)!,'y  with  the  cutaneous  tissue,  in  organiza- 
tion, fuiiotions,  and  diseases.  They  are  composed 
of  eiiorion,  papilhe,  and  epidermis;  and  are  fur- 
iiislied  with  a  multitude  of  follicles,  which  secrete 
u  visci<l  humour, — mucus.  They  receive  a  quan- 
tity of  arterial  vessels,  veins,  lymphatics,  and 
nerves.  2.  The  Serous  membranes,  JIfembra'ncB 
serii'iKB,  M.  viUeuses  simple  (Ch.),  are  transparent, 
thin,  and  cotnposed  of  one  lamina.  One  surface 
rtiiheres  to  other  te.xtures;  the  other  is  smooth, 
polisiied,  and  moistened  by  a  serous  fluid.  They 
lire  arranged  —  in  the  form  of  sacs  without  aper- 
tures—  as  great,  intermediate  reservoirs  for  the 
cxtialant  and  absorbent  systems,  in  which  the 
serous  fluid,  in  passing  from  one  system,  tarries 
some  time  before  it  enters  the  other.  The  serous 
membranes  resemble  the  areolar  membrane  in 
structure  and  diseases.  They  facilitate  the  mo- 
tion on  each  other  of  the  organs  which  they  en- 
velop. They  may  be  divided  into  (a)  Serous 
vicmhranes,  properly  so  called  ;  as  the  arachnoid, 
pleura,  peritoneum,  and  tunica  vaginalis,  (h) 
Syntwiiil  membranes  or  capsules;  which  belong 
to  joints,  tendons,  aponeuroses.  Ac.  These  tnem- 
briines  —  mucous  and  serous  —  are  constituted  of 
siiniliir  layers — epithelium,  basement  membrane, 
condensed  areolar  tissue ;  and  a  looser  form  of 
Breolar  tissue,  termed  submucous  in  one  case, — 
tubserous  in  the  other.  3.  Fibrous  membranes. 
Membranes  albui/ineuses  (Ch.)  These  are  almost 
all  continuous,  and  terminate  at  the  periosteum — 
tlieir  common  centre.  Tliey  have  been  divided 
into  two  sections.  1.  Enreloping  aponeuroses, 
■aponeuroses  of  insertion.  Fibrous  capsules  of  the 
j"iiit«,  and  Fibrous  sheath  of  tenifons.  2.  The 
Periosteum,  Dura  mater,  Sclerotica,  Tunica  albu- 
gmen  testis,  Fibrous  membrane  of  the  spleen,  &c. 
The  fibrous  membranes  are  not  free  or  moistened 
by  any  particular  fluid.  They  adhere  by  both 
surfaces  to  the  neighbouring  parts  ;  are  firm,  re- 
iistJDg,  but  slightly  elastic,  and  of  a  white  colour; 


sometimes  pearly  and  glistening.  Tlieir  vessels 
are  numerous,  in  some,  as  in  the  dura  mater  and 
periosteum;  in  others,  scarcely  perceptible,  as  in 
the  aponeuroses.  The  presence  of  nerves  has 
never  been  proved,  although  several  circumstan- 
ces, regarding  their  sensibility,  render  their  ex- 
istence probable.  The  fibrous  membranes  serve, 
in  general,  to  augment  the  solidity  of  the  organs 
which  they  envelop;  to  retain  the  muscles  in 
their  respective  positions  ;  to  favour  the  motion 
of  the  limbs,  and  that  of  the  muscles  and  skin  ; 
to  form  canals  and  rings  for  the  passage  of  dif- 
ferent organs,  <tc. 

Bichat  admits  three  species  of  Compound  Mem- 
branes. 1.  The  Sero-Jibrous,  formed  of  a  serous 
and  fibrous  lamina,  intimately  adherent  to  each 
other;- — as  the  pericardium,  dura  mater,  and  tu- 
nica albuginea.  2.  The  Sero-mucous,  formed  of 
a  serous  and  mucous  lamina; — as  the  gall-bladder 
at  its  lower  part.  3.  The  Fibro-tuucous,  consti- 
tuted of  the  union  of  a  fibrous  and  mucous  mem- 
brane; as  the  mucous  membrane  of  titc  nasal  fossee, 
gums,  <fec.  Chaussier  admits  six  kinds  of  mem- 
branes. 1.  The  laminated.  See  Cellular  Tissue. 
2.  The  serous  or  simple  lu'llous.  3.  'The  follicular 
or  complicated  villous.  4.  The  muscular  or  Jleshy. 
5.   The  albugineous.     6.   The  albuminous. 

Membrane,  Accidental,  M.  false  —  m.  Acci- 
dentelle,  M.  false  —  m.  Adtiee,  Conjunctiva  —  m. 
Adventitious,  M.  false — m.  Anhistous,  Decidua. 

Membrane,  Basement,  Primary  or  lim'itary 
membrane,  3fenibra'na  pro'pria.  A  delicate, 
structureless  lamella  of  membrane  found  beneath 
the  epidermis  or  epithelium,  on  all  the  free  sur- 
faces of  the  body. 

MFMPRANE  CADUQUE,  Decidua— m.  Ca- 
duque  rejlechie,  Decidua  refiexa — m.  de  Demours, 
see  Aqueous  Humour,  and  Cornea — w.  de  Des- 
ceniet,  see  Aqueous  Humour,  and  Cornea. 

Membrane,  Fai.se,  Acciden'tal  or  Adrentit". 
ions  membrane.  Pseudo-membrane,  Pseud'ymen, 
Pseudome'ninx,  (F. )  Fausse  membrane,  M.  acci- 
dentelle.  Membranous  productions,  which  form 
on  all  the  free  natural  surfaces,  and  on  every 
free  accidental  surface,  are  so  called.  They 
are,  in  general,  produced  by  the  exudation  of  a 
fibrinous  matter,  susceptible  of  organization, 
which  takes  place  in  consequence  of  inflammation 
of  the  various  tissues.  These  accidental  mem- 
branes occur  on  the  skin  after  the  application  of 
a  blister;  on  mucous  surfaces,  as  in  croup;  on 
the  parietes  of  inflamed  veins  and  arteries,  <fec. 
The  cicatrices  of  wounds  are  formed  of  thein. 

Of  late,  it  has  been  projjosed  to  give  the  name 
pseudo-membrane  to  fibrinous  exudations,  which 
are  devoid  of  organization,  whilst  neo-membrane 
may  be  applied  to  such  fresh  productions  as  have 
become  supplied  with  vessels  and  nerves. 

MEMBRANE  FAUSSE,  Membrane,  false  — 
m.  Germinal,  see  Molecule — ni.  Granular,  Mem- 
brana  granulosa — m.  Granuleuse,  Membrana  gra- 
nulosa— m.  Haptogen,  see  Haptogenous — m.  Pri- 
mary, Membrane,  basement — m.  Pscudo,  M.  false 
— HI.  Hyaloid,  see  Hyaloid  membrane — m.  Jacob's, 
Tunica  Jacobi — m. Limitary,  Membrane,  basement 
—  m.  Nasmyth's,  see  Enamel  —  m.  Ruyschienne, 
Choroid  (inner  layer),  Ruyschiana  tunica — m. 
Shell,  Membrana  testa; — m.  du  Tijtnpan,  see  Tym- 
panum—  m.  Virginal,  Hymen  —  m.  Vitellary, 
Zona  pellui'ida — m.   Vitelline,  Zon.a  pellucida. 

MEMBRAXES  ALBVO  INFUSES,  Mem- 
branes, fibrous,  see  Albuginea — m.  Folliculeuses, 
Membranes,  mucous — m.  Vcloutecs,  Villous  mem- 
branes— m.  Villeuses  simples,  Membranes,  serous. 

Membranes  of  the  Fcetits,  Membra' ucb  f velum 
involren'tes,  Velamen'ta  infan'tis,  Integumen'ta 
frtiis.  The  membranes.  The  membranes  which 
immediately  envelop  the  feetus  in  the  cavity  of 
the  uterus,  and  the  rupture  of  which  gives  rise 


MEMBRAXEUX 


5  82 


MENINGOMALACIA 


to  the  discharge  of  the  liquor  amnii.    These  mem- 
branes are  the  decidua,  chorion,  and  amnion. 
Mr,MBii\NF;s,  Thb.  JFenibranes  of  the  Foetus. 
M  K.UliRA  S'EUX,  Membranous. 
MKM'BRANIFORM,   Jlemhrmii/orm'is,  from 
meinhriinn.  a.nA  forma  : — resembling  a  membrane. 
A  name  given  to  thin  and  flat  parts,  which  re- 
semble membranes. 

Mkmbiianipoiim  Musclks.  Very  broad  and 
thin  muscles,  as  the  platysma  myoides,  obliquus 
abiloiiiinis,  &c. 

jMEMBRANOSUS,  Fascia  lata  muscle. 

IMEM'BRANOUS,  Memhrano' kw>,  Memhrana'- 
ceu^.  Ifi/meiio'den,  {¥.)  Memhraneiix.  Having  the 
nature  of  membrane.     Formed  of  membrane. 

MEMBRAXULA,  Ilymenium — m.  Coronie  ci- 
liaris,  see  Ciliary — m.  Lunata  Vagina),  Hymen — 
in.  Nervorum,  Neurilemma — tq.  Semilunaris  con- 
junctiviie,  Vaivula  semiluniiris. 

MRM'BRANULE,  Mcmhran'iila,  diminutive  of 
memhrana,  '  a  membrane.'     A  small  membrane. 

3fE.UnRE,  IMembrum — m.  Viril,  Penis. 

MEMBRO'SUS,  Memhro'sior,  JlfentnWtiis,  Mil- 
tonia'tns,  Nann'tiis,  va/de  Jfentida'tus,  Fanciiio'- 
ans,  Paohn,  (F.)  sllembnt,  from  memhrum,  'the 
male  organ.'     One  whose  penis  is  very  large. 

JfEUnnn,  Mcmbrosus. 

MEMBRUM.  Arfiis,  Melon,  Colon,  a  limh,  a 
member,  (F.)  Memhre.  The  limhi  or  extremities 
or  members  of  animals  are  certain  parts  exterior 
to  the  body,  which  are  more  or  less  apparent, 
long,  and  moveable.  It  is  by  means  of  tlieir 
limbs,  that  animals  transport  themselves  from 
one  place  to  another;  and  that  they  defend  them- 
selves, or  attack  others.  Tlie  limlis  are  arranged 
on  each  side  of  the  trunk,  witli  which  they  are 
articulated.  In  man,  they  are  four  in  number: 
— two  tipper  or  thorncic,  and  two  lower,  pelvic  or 
abdoiiiiiial.     Also,  the  male  organ. 

Membuitm  Gkxitat.e  Virorhm.  Penis — m.  Mu- 
liebre,  Clitoris  —  in.  Seminale,  Penis  —  m.  Virile, 
Penis. 

ME}TOJEE,  Memorv — m.  Perte  de.  Amnesia. 

MEMORIA  DELETA,  Amnesia. 

MEM'ORY,  Memo'ria,  jlfneme,  Recorda'tio, 
Jlecorda' t\iH,  {¥ .)  Memnire.  The  cerebral  faculty, 
by  virtue  of  which  past  impressions  are  recalled 
to  the  mind. 

MEMPHI'TES  LAPIS.  A  sort  of  stone,  found 
anciently  in  the  environs  of  Memphis  ;  which  was 
esteemed  narcotic. 

MENAGOGUES,  Emmenagogues. 

MI'-NDESION,  ^gyptiacum. 

MENE.  Moon. 

MENECRATIS  ACCTPITER,  Accipiter. 

MENELCO'SIS,  Helcome'nia,  from  jxriv,  '  a 
month,'  and  'tXxuxrif,  'ulceration.'  Vicarious 
menstruation  from  an  ulcer. 

MENES,  Menses. 

M^NESPA  USIE,  see  Menses. 

MENIDRO'SIS,  from  ^trjv,  'a  month,  and 
'((^pojffij,  'sweating.'  A  sweating  of  menstrual 
blood. — Bock. 

MENFRIGE,  see  Pistacia  lentiscus. 

MENINGARTHROC'ACE,  Tnflamma'tio  mem- 
hraiia'riim  arlicidatio'nis,  Arthromeninr/i'tis,  from 
ft-qviy^,'  firviyyoi,  '  membrane,' apflpoK,  'a  joint,' and 
KoKOi.  '  disease.'  Inflammation  of  the  membranes 
of  a  joint. 

MEXf.XGE.  Dura  mater. 

MENINGE,  Meningeal. 

MENIN'GEAL,  ifcnin'gevs,  from  fivi'iyt,  iirviy- 
yos,  '  a  membrane.'  (F.)  Meninge.  Relating  to 
the  meninges,  or  merely  to  the  dura  mater. 

Mkmngkal  Apoplexy,  see  Apoplexy. 

Meningeal  ARXEnv,  MinnLE,  Arle'rin  menin'- 
gcn  me'dia  seu  Sphmno-spino'sa  seu  DnroR  Malris 
me'dia  viax'ima  seu  Sphano-apina'lia,  Spinal  Ar- 


lery,  (F.)  Artere  mfningie  moycnnc  ou  f!jihfnn. 
epineuse,  ou  Epincuxe,  is  the  largest  of  the 
branches  given  off  by  the  internal  nuixijlnry 
artery.  It  enters  the  cranium  by  the  furiiiiKMi 
spinale,  and  distributes  its  branches  cLiedy  to 
the  dura  mater. 

Mkninghal  Vessels,  Vain  meniu'gca.  Tlio 
vessels  of  the  membranes  of  the  brain. 

MENIN'GES,  Ellam'ides,  J/nlres  seu  Involu'. 
era  Cer'ebri,   Oinen'ta  seu   Velntiien'ta  cerebni'lin, 
from  ftrivty^,  /ini'tyyoi,  'a  membrane.'     Tlio  thico 
membranes    wliich    envelop    the    brain — Diaa 
mater,  Arachnoid,  and  Pia  mater. 
MEN1NGETTE,  Pia  mater. 
MENINGIITIS,  Meningitis. 
MENINGl'NA,  (F.)  Menimjine.  Rame  etymon. 
A    name    given    by   Chaussier  to  the  |)ia  iimtor, 
united  to  the  cerebral  layer  of  the  arachnoid. 
Meningina,  Inner  Lamina  of  the,  }'iu  mater. 
ifEXINGTNE,  Meningina. 
MENINGITE,  CEREUllO-SPINAL,  Menin- 
gitis, cerebro-spinal. 

MENINGINITIS,  from  meningina,  and  itin, 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  me- 
ningina. 

MENINGION,  Arachnoid  membrane. 
MF^NINGIS  GUSTOS,  Meningophylax. 
MENINGITE,    Meningitis  — m.    Granuhune, 
Hydrocephalus   interims  —  m.    Jlaehidienne,  Me- 
ningitis,  spinal  —  m.    Tuberenlcitse,  llydroceplni- 
lus  internus. 

MENINGI'TIS,  Meningii'tis,  Eneephidi'tia 
peripher'ica  seu  membrano'sa,  (F.)  fn/himmiilinn 
de  la  membrane  sereuse  eephalo-rachidienne,  M{- 
nini/ite,  from  meninges,  and  itis,  denoting  infliiiii- 
mation.  Inflammation  of  the  meninges  or  mem- 
branes of  the  brain.  See  Phrenitis. 
Meningitis  Artiiritica,  Cephalagra. 
Meningitis,  Cer'eero-Spinal,  MyeU'tit,  prte- 
chia'lis,  Oer'ebral  or  cer'cbro- spinal  ti/phun,  {¥.) 
ileninrjite  c^-ebrn-sjnnal,  Filvre  cirebro-spiimt, 
Typhus  cerebro-spjin<d.  An  alarmingly  fatal  f<inn 
of  epidemic  fever,  which  prevailed  in  different 
countries  of  Europe,  and,  also,  in  certain  portions 
of  the  United  States,  near  the  middle  of  the  lOih 
century.  It  is  considered,  by  Boudin,  to  consti- 
tute the  cerebro-spinal  form  of  the  nosological 
group  of  typhus. 

Meningi'tis  Granular,  Hydrocephalus  inter- 
nus— m.  Hydrocephalica,  Hydrocephalus  internus 
—  m.  Infantum,  Hydrocephalus  internus  —  m. 
Membranosa,  M.  spinaL 

Meningitis  Mesencephal'ioa.  Inflammation 
of  the  meninges  of  the  medulla  oblongata  and 
pons  varolii  more  especially. 

Meningitis  Peripiierica,  M.  spinal  —  m.  Po- 
tatorum, Delirium  tremens  —  m.  Rachidian,  M. 
spinal — m.  Scrophulous,  Hydrocephalus  internus. 
Meningitis.  Spinal,  31.  Rachid'ian  seu  Spi- 
na'lis  seu  peripher'ica  seu  membrano'sa,  Pen'mye- 
li'tis.  Myelo-meninf/i'tia,  (F.)  Ileninyite  rnehi- 
dienne.  Inflammation  of  the  meninges  of  the 
spinal  marrow. 

Meningitis,  Tdbercular,  see  Hydrocephalus 
internus  —  m.  Tuberculosa,  Hydrocephalus  in- 
ternus. 

MENIN'GIUM.  Diminutive  of  jivviyi,  iiriY'Vy"^' 
'a  membrane.'  A  fine,  delicate  membrane.  Tbe 
tunica  arachnoidea  of  the  brain. 

M  E  N  I  N  G  0  -  CEPH  ALI'TIS,  Meninf/o-enee- 
phali'tis,  Ceph'alo-mevinrji'tis,  Enceph'aln-mniin- 
gltis,  from  niviyi,,  iir]viyyoi,  '  a  membrane,'  Kcipnh, 
'head,'  and  itis,  a  suffi.\  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  membranes  and  brain. 

MENINGO-GASTRIC  FEVER,  Fever,  gas- 
tric. 

MENINGOGASTRTTIS,  Fever,  gastric. 
MENINGOMALA'CIA,  from  /.ijviyf,  /ii)nyy»«> 


MENINGOPIIYLAX 


583 


MENSES 


'  meiiiliranc'  nnd   /(aXaxia,   'softening.'     Soften- 
iii)f  of  iin'MibniiiPs  in  (general. 

MKXlNiiOl'H'YLAX,  Cuntos  menhi'gh,  Be- 
prexHo'iiiiiii,  (F.)  /J/i/>ieiiin,itP,  from  /jriviy^,  jinvy- 
yuf,  'ii  iiiembnine,'  tiic  dura  mater;  and  ((,vXa^, 
•  :i  preserver.'  An  instrument  for  dejiressing  the 
dura  mater,  and  guarding  it  from  injury,  wliilst 
the  hone  is  cut  or  rnsped. 

MKNINOORRIKE'A,  from  unviy^,  iivviyyoq, 
'  ineuihrane,'  and  pen), '  I  flow.'  Ett'usion  of  blood 
upon  or  l)etween  the  membranes  of  the  brain. 

MI'lNINtiO'SIS.  Same  etymon.  The  union 
of  bones  by  means  of  membrane;  e.  g.  the  arti- 
ciihition  of  the  bones  of  the  cranium  in  the  foetus. 
Meninirosis  is  a  variety  of  Syndesmosis. 

MEN IN(J0SYM'P11YSIS ;  Mc)iiu;jox!/z'i(i,fTom 
Itrfviy^.  fluYY"!'  '  niombrane,'  and  avfjiipvati,  'grow- 
iiig  together.'  Adhesion  of  or  by  membrane. 
Adhesion  of  the  membranes  of  the  brain  to  each 
other,  or  to  tlie  lirain. 

MI';N'r.V(iO.SYZL\,  Meningosymphysis. 

MivNIXlJ  LJ'Kl  A  ;  from //(jnyf,  'a  membrane,' 
and  oupoi/,  '  urine.'  The  passage  of  urine  contain- 
ing nicMibranous  shreds. 

MENINX,  Membrane— m.  Choroides,  Pia 
mater  —  m.  Crassa,  Dura  mater  —  m.  Dura,  Dura 
niater  —  m.  Exterior,  Dura  mater  —  m.  Interior, 
]*ia  mater — m.  Media,  Araelitioid  membrane — m. 
I'aclieia,  Dura  mater  —  tn.  Sclera,  Dura  mater  — 
m.  Serosa,  Arachnoid  membrane — m.  Vusculosa, 
I'ia  iiiMti'r. 

jMENMSCIfESIS,  see  Amenorrhoea. 

MEN  [SCI,  Uarlilages,  inlerarticular. 

MEXISPEKMUM  ANGULATUM,  M.  Cana- 
dense. 

Mexispkrm'iim  Can'adrn'se,  Jir.  aiifjnln'tuiyi, 
Oril.  Menispermaeeae,  from  unyn,  '  the  moon,' 
and  <rir£()/ia,  'seed,'  in  allusion  to  the  crescentic 
shape  of  the  seed.  A  climbing  plant,  growing  in 
various  parts  of  the  United  State.i.  Said  to  be 
used  in  Virginia  as  a  substitute  for  sarsaparilla 
in  scrofula,  and  to  be  called,  in  the  West,  Sarsa- 
pnn'llci.     It  is  an  excitant  tonic. 

Mbnispbr'mum  Coc'culus,  M.  (jhiiicnm,  Ana- 
mir'ta  Ciic'cnliis  seu  paniculu'ta,  Coc'culus  sube- 
ro'nus.  The  systematic  name  of  the  plant,  the 
berries  of  which  are  well  known  by  the  name  of 
Cdc'ciiliin  In'ilicus  seu  niibero'Hiw,  liiiliiin  Jierrien, 
Jlttccce  Piscato'rim,  Indian  Cockles,  Coccus  In'di- 
ciiK,  Oocciilff:  ojjiclnii'rum,  Cocci  on'enta'les,  Grana 
Orieii'lis,  (F.)  Coque  du  Levant,  C.  lernnf.  These 
))erries  are  remarkable  for  their  inebriating  and 
destructive  quality  to  fish.  The  deleterious  prin- 
ciple appears  to  reside  in  the  kernel,  and  in  the 
active  principle  called  Picrotox'ine.  Coeculus 
Iiidicus  has  been  used  in  decoction  to  kill  vermin. 
It  has,  at  times,  been  added  to  beer,  by  fraudu- 
lent tradesmen,  to  render  it  more  inebriating. 

Mknispermum  Glauci'JI,  M.  coeculus — m.  Pal- 
niatuui,  Caluinba. 

Mknisi'kii'mum  TuBEncuLA'Ttisr,  M.  Verruco'- 
lum,  Ciic'cnluK  ciinpun.  A  Chinese  plant,  an  ex- 
tract from  the  root  of  which  is  tonic  to  the  sto- 
mach and  bowels,  and  possesses  some  astrin- 
gciicy.     Dose,  5  to  10  gr.ains. 

The  same  may  be  said  of  ^fenisper'mum  Cor- 
difii'liuni — the  Goluncha,  of  Bengal. 

Mkxisi'rumiim  Vkiiuucosum,  M.  tuberculatum. 
■      JIEXOCRYPIIIA,  Amenorrhoea. 

MEXOLIPSIS.  see  Menses. 

MEN'OPAUSIS,  see  Menses. 
MENOPIIANIA,  see  Menses. 
i\IEXOPLAXIA,  Menstruation,  vicarious. 
MEXOHKirA(}"IA,from  ni)v.  imros,  'a  month,' 
and  piiyvuiii,  '  to  flow  fiercel}'.'  Flow  of  the  menses. 
Freiiuenrly,  the  word  is  used  synonymously  with 
uterine  hemorrhage  or  mctrorrhatjin,  or  for  im- 
luuderate  flow  of  the  meuses — jjro/uae  menstrua- 


lion,  Parame'nin  super' Jlua  seu  profu'sa,  Menor- 
rhiig"ia  rubrrt,  Catomeuio'rum  Jhixits  immod'iciis, 
Menstrua  immod' icn  seu  siijier'/lua,  Menorrhue'ct. 

Mkxouhhagia,  Menstruation,  Metrorrhagia  — 
ra.  Alba,  Leueorrhoea  —  m.  Difiicilis,  Dysmenor- 
rhnea — m.  Erronea,  Menstruation,  erroneous — m. 
Stillatitia,  Dysmenorrhea. 

MENORRIIOD'A,  from  itrjv,  nvvo?,  'a  month,' 
and  f)£a),  'I  flow.'  The  ordinary  flow  of  the 
menses.  Also,  too  long  continuing,  or  too  often 
returning,  menstruation.     Menorrhagia. 

MENOSCHESIS,  see  Amenorrhoea. 

MENOSTASIA,  Amenorrhoea. 

MENOS'TASIS,  from  liw,  nr,voi,  'month,'  and 
oroo-if,  'stasis,'  'stagnation.'  This  word,  accord- 
ing to  some,  signifies  the  retention  of  the  menses 
and  their  accumulation  in  the  uterus.  According 
to  others,  it  means  the  acute  pain  which,  in  some 
females,  precedes  each  appearance  of  the  menses: 
a  pain  which  has  been  presumed  to  proceed  from 
the  stasis  of  blood  in  the  capillary  vessels  of  the 
uterus. 

MENOXEN'IA,  Menoxeno'sis,  from  pijjv,  iirjvog, 
'a  month,'  and  (ti/oj,  'foreign.'  Irregular  men- 
struation. 

MENOXENOSIS,  Menoxenia, 

MENS,  Anima,  Intellect. 

MENSA,  Tro})'ez(i,  'a  table.'  The  upper  su- 
perficial part  or  corona  of  the  jaw  teeth. 

MENSES,  (pi.  of  mcnsis,  'a  month;')  J/.  Mu- 
He'bren,  J/ulle'bria,  Jfenen,  Fliurus  iiien'struns  seu 
liinn'rift,  Pro' Jiuvium  mii/ie'bre  seu  r/euild'le  midie- 
bie,  Consuetu'do  menstrua,  Catanie'nin,  Meii'strua, 
Emme'nia,  Tribu'tum  luna're  seu  vien'struuni,  Pnr- 
ffdtio'nes,  P.  menstrutn,  Gi/ncp.cei'n,  Apliedri'a, 
Ciirsns  nien'struuK,  Horas'o,  Lunu'ria,  Coursen, 
Jfenxtrual  Jhijr,  Montlihj  roureex  or  periods.  Flow- 
ers, Turns,  Terms,  the  Reds,  Troubles,  (F.)  JJois, 
Jiei/les,  Lnnes,  Flueurs,  Affaires,  Fpoq\ies,  Ordi- 
naires.  Purgations,  Fleiirs,  Jlenstrues,  The  san- 
guineous evacuation  from  the  uterus.  Sanguis 
menstrnus,  Mcn'strunl  Blood,  the  monthly  occur- 
rence of  which  constitutes  menstruation  or  monthly 
illness.  The  first  appearance  of  the  menses  — 
menophu'nia  —  is  usually  preceded  by  the  dis- 
charge of  a  fluid  whitish  matter  from  the  vagina: 
by  nervous  excitement,  and  by  vague  pains  and 
heaviness  in  the  loins  and  thighs;  numbness  of 
the  limbs,  tumefaction  and  hardness  of  the 
breasts,  <&c.  More  or  less  indisposition  and  irri- 
tability also  precede  each  successive  recurrence 
of  the  menstrual  Jlujc.  In  temperate  climates, 
each  period,  men'strual  period,  perindns  luna'ris, 
ordinarily  continues  from  three  to  six  days;  and 
the  quantity  lost  varies  from  four  to  eight  ounces. 
The  menses  continue  to  flow  from  the  period  of 
puberty  till  the  age  of  45  or  50.  At  the  term  of 
its  natural  cessation,  Menolip'sis,  3lenespnusie 
(Gardanne),  Menopau'sis,  the  flux  becomes  irre- 
gular; and  this  irregularity  is  occasionally  ac- 
companied with  symptoms  of  dropsy,  glandular 
tumours,  <fcc.,  constituting  the  Parame'nia  cessa- 
tio'nis  of  Good,  and  what  is  called  the  critical 
time  or  turn  or  change  of  life;  3'et  it  does  not 
appear  that  the  mortality  is  increased  by  it. 
With  the  immediate  causes  of  menstruation  we 
are  unacquainted.  AVe  express  only  pur  igno- 
rance, when  we  assert  it  to  depend  upon  period- 
icity ;  the  discharge  comes  from  the  vessels  of 
the  uterus  and  vagina,  and  differs  from  ordinary 
blood  by  its  peculiar  odour,  and  by  its  not  coagu- 
lating. It  is  evidently  connected  with  the  coji- 
dition  of  the  ovaries,  and — it  has  been  supposed 
— with  the  periodical  discharge  of  ova  from  them. 
It  is  arrested,  as  a  general  principle,  during  preg- 
nancy and  lactation.  In  warm  climates,  women 
usually  begin  to  menstruate  early,  and  cen.«e 
sooner  than  iu  the  temperate  regions.    Th«  quan- 


MENSIUM   RETENTIO 


584 


MENTHA 


tity  lost  is  also  greater.  In  the  colder  regions, 
the  reverse  of  this  holds  as  a  general  rule. 

Dried  menstrual  blood,  especially  of  a  woman 
in  her  first  menstruation — Smu/nls  vir'ffi'nin  pri- 
mioii  iiiciixirua'tcB — was  formerly  given  internally 
as  an  anti-epileptic. 

Mkn'sbs  Albt,  Leucorrhoea — m.  Anomalae, 
Paramenia  —  m.  Devii,   Menstruation,  vicarious 

—  in.  Dolorifici,  Dysraenorrhoea  —  m.  Retention 
of  the,  see  Amenorrhoea — m.  Suppression  of  the, 
Amenorrhoea. 

MEXSIUM  RETENTIO,  see  Amenorrhoea. 
MEXSTRUA,  Menses  —  m.  Alba,  Leucorrhoea 

—  m.  Difficilia,  Dysiuenorrhoea  —  m.  Dolorosa, 
Dysmenorrhcea  —  m.  Iiuinodica,  Menorrhagia  — 
m.  Superflua,  Menorrhagia. 

MENSTRUAL,  Catamenial — m.  Flux,  Menses 
— in.  Period,  see  Menses. 

MENSTRUANT,  Men'sfninun,  Metistnia'tHS, 
from  menstrua,  'the  catamenia.'  One  subject  to 
the  catamenia. 

MENSTRUATIO  ANOMALA,  Paramenia  — 
m.  Difficilis,  Dysraenorrhoea — -m.  Dolorifica,  Dys- 
iuenorrhoea— m.  Impedita,  see  Amenorrhoea — m. 
Per  insolitas  Vias,  Menstruation,  vicarious. 

Mbnstruatio  Pu^cox,  Premature  menstrua- 
tion. Menstruation  occurring  before  the  usual 
age  or  time. 

Mrnstrua'tio  Rbcidi'va.  Menstruation,  when 
protracted  beyond  the  usual  age. 

Mknstuuatio  Retenta,  Amenorrhoea,  Para- 
nieniii — m.  Siippressa,  Amenorrhoea,  Paramenia. 

MENSTRUA'TION,  Menstnin'do,  Chromxjun'- 
en,  Menorrhmj" iu,  Fluxus  menstrua' lis.  The  flow 
of  the  menses. 

MKNSTR UA  TION  DIFFICILE,  Dysraenor- 
rhoea—  m.  Difficult,  Dysiuenorrhoea  —  m.  Labo- 
rious, Dysraenorrhoea  —  in.  Premature,  Menstru- 
ati')  pra'cox — in.  Profuse,  Menorrhagia. 

Mknsthuatiox,  Vica'rious,  is  that  which  oc- 
curs from  other  parts  than  the  uterus.  It  is 
called  Parame'nia  erro'n's,  3feiinrrhiiy"{n  erro'- 
iiea,  Jlciisinm  per  alie'na  locn  excre'tio,  M.  de'vil, 
Aberra'tio  men'sium  seu  meiixtriio'nim,  3Ie>wtruii'- 
ti'o  per  insol'itas  ri'as,  Ilcsntatnpla'nia  seu  HcBmo- 
phi'nia  menatrnn'Ks,  3Iei>i>phx' iiln,  (F.)  Deviation 
(lea  Ilet/ies,  Her/fen  deciees.  At  times,  the  se- 
creted fluid  has  all  the  characters  of  the  men- 
strual secretion;  at  others,  it  appears  to  be  mere 
blond. 

MENSTRUATUS,  Menstruant. 

MENSTR  UEL,  Catamenial. 

JIEXSTJi  f/ES.  Menses. 

MEN'STRUOUS,  Catamenial.  Also,  one  af- 
fected with  the  menses  or  ciitainenla. 

MEN'STRUUM,  (F.)  3feu>:true.  Same  ety- 
mon;— the  menstruum  being,  of  old,  usually  con- 
tinued in  action  for  a  mouth.  The  monthly  dis- 
charge of  the  female.  The  plural,  menstrua,  is 
HOW,  however,  always  used  for  the  menses.  The 
name  was  formerly  given  to  every  substance 
which  possesses  the  property  of  dissolving  others 
slowly  and  with  the  aid  of  heat.  At  present,  it 
is  used  synonymously  with  solvent.  Thus  — 
water,  alcohol,  ether,  acids,  oils,  &c.,  are  men- 
strua. 

Menstrdum  Arm,  Nitro-muriatic  acid  —  m. 
Yentriculi,  (iastric  juice. 

MENSU'RA  MED'ICA.  A  measure  of  48 
ounces. 

MENSURA'TION,  Meta'tio,  from  mensxira, 
'measure.'  3Iea8ttremeut,  3Icdical  meai'itriuf/. 
One  of  the  means  used  for  exploring  the  state  of 
the  thoracic  and  other  cavities.  It  consists  in  a 
comparative  measurement  of  each  side  of  the 
chest,  by  means  of  a  riband  extended  from  the 
median  line  of  the  sternum  to  the  spine.  When 
effusion  exists  on  one  side,  the  measurement  is 
usually  greater  than  on  the  ether.    When,  on  the 


other  hand,  a  portion  of  a  lung  has  ceased,  for 
some  time,  to  exert  its  respiratory  functiun.i,  the 
corresponding  side  of  the  chest  becomes  smaller, 
in  consequence  of  the  contraction  of  the  pleura, 
retraction  of  the  pulmonary  tissue,  and  greater 
approximation  of  the  ribs. 

MENTA,  Mentha,  Penis. 

MENTAGRA,  Mentuhigra,  Sycosis  — m.  In- 
fantum,  Porrigo  lupiiiosa. 

MEN'TACJRAPIIYTE,  Mcn'tagrophyie,  3IS. 
cros' poron  mentayropli' ytes,  from  inentinjra,  nnd 
(pvTov,  'a  plant.'  A  name  proposed  by  M.  Gruby, 
of  Vienna,  for  a  cryptogamous  plant,  which  he 
considers  to  produce  mentagra. 

MENTAL,  J/e»^(7/»f,  from  mens,  mentis,  'mind;' 
belonging  or  relating  to  the  mind,  as  vuntal  phe~ 
nom'enn,  mentrd  diseases  [3forhi  menta'/es),  &c. 

In  Anatomy,  Mental,  3Ienia'li8,  (F.)  3feiilnn. 
nier,  signifies  that  which  relates  to  the  chin; 
from  mentiim,  'the  chin.' 

Mental  Au'teky,  (F.)  Artere  mentonniire. 
This  is  given  off  by  the  inferior  dental,  and  issues 
at  the  mental  foramen  to  be  distributed  on  the 
lower  lip. 

Mental  Fora'men,  (F.)  Trou  mentonnier,  An- 
te'rior  maxillnry  F.,  is  the  outer  orifice  of  the 
inferior  dental  canal.  It  is  situate  on  the  outer 
surface  of  the  lower  jaw-bone,  opposite  the  second 
incisor,  or  the  canine  tooth,  and  gives  passage  to 
the  vessels  and  nerves. 

Mental  Fossa,  see  Fossa,  mental. 

Mental  Nerve,  (P'.)  A'e// »»e»(oHH/Vr,  is  fur- 
nished by  the  inferior  dental  nerve.  It  issues  by 
the  mental  foramen,  and  is  distributed,  in  nume- 
rous filaments,  to  the  muscles  of  the  lower  lip. 

Mental  Region,  Re'yio  menta'lis.  The  region 
of  the  chin. 

MENTHA  sou  MENTA  AQUAT'ICA,  {,itvBn, 
ftivda,  i/ivdoi,  'mint.')  31.  paliis'tris  seu  hirsu'lu 
seu  rotundifo'lia  pahis'tris,  31enthas'trHm,  Sisym'- 
briiim  menthastrnui,  Bal'samiis  paliis'tris.  Water- 
mint,  (F.)  3Ienthe  aqnatique,  31.  roui/e.  Nat, 
Ord.  LabiatiB.  This  is  less  agreoal)le  than  the 
3Ieniha  viridis,  and  more  bilter  and  pungent.  It 
is  used  like  spearmint. 

Mentha  Balsamea,  M.  piperita. 

Mentha  Capen'sis,  which  grows  at  the  Cape 
of  Good  Hope,  possesses  the  medical  properties 
of  the  mints. 

Mentha  Cervi'nA,  Hart's  pennyroyal,  Hyssop- 
leaved  mint,  Pide'yium  cervi'tiuiii,  {¥.)  3/enthe 
cervine.  Possesses  the  properties  of  pennyroyal, 
but  is  very  unpleasant. 

Mentha  Citrata,  Melissa. 

Mentha  Crispa,  31.  hercyn'Ica,  Colymhif'era 
minor.  Curled  3Iint,  (F.)  3/enthe  frissee  ou  cri- 
pne,  Banme  d'ean  d  fcnilles  ridees.  Possesses 
the  properties  of  peppermint. 

Mentha  Gentilis,  M.  viridis  —  m.  Hercynica, 
M.  crispa — in.  Ilirsuta,  M.  Aquatica  —  in.  Lasvi- 
gata,  M.  viridis — m.  Officinalis,  M.  piperita — m. 
Palustris,  M.  Aquatica. 

Mentha  Pu'ehi'ta,  31.  Piperi'tis  seu  offieina'- 
lis  seu  hahame'a,  Pep>perniint,  (F.)  Slenthe  pni- 
vree.  The  o<lour  of  this  variety  is  strong  and 
agreeable.  Taste,  pungent,  aromatic,  and  pro- 
ducing a  sensation  of  coldness  in  the  mouth. 
Virtues  depend  upon  essential  oil  and  camphor. 
It  is  stomachic  and  carminative.  It  is  chieOy 
used  in  the  form  of  essential  oil — the  oleum  meit- 
the,  piperitcR. 

Essenee  of  Peppermint  consists  of  ol.  menlhte 
pip.  ^ij,  sp.  vin.  recti/,  coloured  with  Kpiwich 
leaves,  Oij.     See  Tinctura  olei  mentlia;  piperitae. 

Mentha  Pi'le'giu.m,  Pnleijinm,  P.  reya'li  sea 
latifo'lium,  Glechon,  Pennyroyal,  Puddin;/  (jrass, 
fProV.)  Ililwort,  Lnrkey-'dish,  Organ,  (F.)  Po»- 
Hot.  The  oil — O'leum  pnle'ijii  —  possesses  the 
Virtues  of  the  giant.    It  resembles  the  mints  in 


MENTIIASTRUM 


58  5       MERCURII  CALX  VITRIOLATA 


general  in  properties.  Amongst  the  vulpnr,  it  is 
esteeiiieil  iin  einniftna^ocrue.  Aqua  Pulkgii, 
A'/i"<  Mfulhw  piile'rjii,  Peiiuyrrii/nl,  Water,  is  offi- 
cinal in  tin;  Edinburgh  and  Dublin  Pharmaco- 
pa-ias. 

Mkntiia  Komava,  Balsamita  suavcolens,  Ta- 
nncctiiin  balsamita  —  m.  Rotnndifolia  palustris, 
M.  ai|iiiiti("i — in.  Sjiracenica,  Balsamita  suaveo- 
Ic'ii!!,  'I'MiiiH'i'tiiin  balsamita — m.  Sativa,  M.  viridis 
— in.  Spicata,  M.  viridis. 

Mknt!!a  Viit'inis,  3f.  Suti'rn  sen  vnlga'ris  seu 
(jmli'l'iH  seu  s/n'ca'tn  seu  Icevign'ta,  Spenrmiut, 
(F.)  Meiithe  sai(vnr/e  on  verte  ou  des  jrirdhis, 
Jliiimie  ildH  jiinliiis.  Odour  strong,  aromatic; 
taste  warm,  austere,  bitterish.  Virtues  the  same 
as  thiiso  of  the  peppermint.  The  Oleum  menthce 
viridis  is  olitained  from  it. 

Mkntiia  Vii.oAnis,  M.  viridis. 

MK.VTIIASTKUM,  Mentlia  aquatiea. 

MEM'in:  AQIIATIQUE,  Mentha  aquatiea 
—  wj.  Cervine,  Mentha  cervina — m.  Cuq,  Tana- 
cetuni  balsamita  —  m.  Crepue,  Mentha  crisfia  — 
m.  Friim'e,  Mentha  crispa — m.  des  Jardins,  Men- 
tha viridis —  111.  /'oirri-e,  Mentha  piperita  —  m. 
JioiiKiiiic,  Ralsamita  suavcolens — m.  lioiif/e,  Men- 
tha acpiatiea  —  m.  Saiivar/e,  Mentha  viridis  —  m. 
Verle.  Mfiitha  viridis. 

MBXTFliO,  Porrigo  larvalis.  Sycosis. 

JlttJXT/SMn,  from  mens,  mentis,  ^mnd.'  Any 
irregular  movement  of  the  mind,  whether  from 
emotion  or  a  vivid  imagination. — Baumes. 

MKNTOBICORNEUS,  Geniohyoides. 

MEXTO-LABIAL,  .Ueuto-labin'Hs,  from  jnen- 
liim,  'the  cliin,'  and  lithium,  'a  lip.'  Under  this 
name  Cliaussier  lias  united  the  Levator  labii  in- 
ferioris,  and  Quadratus  muscles.  See  Depressor 
lal)ii  inferioris. 

Mknto-IjABial  Furrow:  a  transverse  depres- 
sion situate  between  the  lower  lip  and  the  chin, 
which  is  remarkable  for  the  perpendicular  direc- 
tion of  the  hairs  growing  upon  it. 

MESTOX.  Alentuin. 

JI/EXTOXXIEIi,  Mental— m.  Lalicd,  Depres- 
sor laliii  inferioris. 

ili:XTOXXIERE,  see  Funda. 

MKNTUL.'V,  Penis  —  ni.  Muliebris,  Cercosis, 
Clitoris — ni.  Parva,  Pipinna. 

JIKN'TUl.AGRA,  Men'tnfjm.  A  hybrid  word, 
from  menliihi,  'the  penis,' and  «ypa,  'a  seizure.' 
A  convulsive  ere^'tion  of  the  mentula  or  penis; 
eu('h  as  is  said  to  be  sometimes  observed  in  eu- 
nuchs.    See  Pudendagra. 

M IvNTULATUS,  Membrosns. 

MKXTUM,  Genei'oi),  Oeiii'nm,  Antlic'renn, 
'the  cliin.'  {V.)  Meutaii.  The  inferior  and  mid- 
dle part  of  tlie  face,  situate  below  the  lower  lip. 
The  chin  is  formed  of  skin,  areolar  tissue,  mus- 
cles, vessels,  nerves,  and  the  os  maxillare  infe- 
rius. 

MEXYAN'TIIES  TRIFOLTA'TA,  ITenycn'- 
thes,  .Uiiii/nii'llieK,  from  firjv,  'a  month,'  and  av&oi, 
'a  flower,'  because  it  keeps  in  flower  about  a 
month  [?].  Trifii'liiim  pnliido'siim  seu  nqunt'icitm 
seu  pidiis'tre  seu  fihri'nnm,  Water  trefiiil,  Biick- 
heitn,  Iloi/beaii.  sVnt.  Ord.  GentianacciB.  (F.) 
Trifle  d'eiin  ou  den  Miirnis  ou  de  Cnstnr.  The 
taste  is  intensely  bitter,  ami  is  extracted  by  water. 
It  is  tonic,  nnthelmintic,  diuretic,  cathartic,  and, 
in  large  doses,  emetic.  In  some  countries,  it  is 
used  as  a  substitute  for  hops  in  making  beer. 

Mknvan'thks     Vern'A,     Amerivini     buekbean, 
Miirsh   trefiiil.    Water  aliainrock,   Bitter  root,  has 
similar  properties. 
Ml';0>;rs,  Melosis. 

MKIMIITTO,  Mephit'leuK,  (F.)  Mfphitiqne ; 
from  a  Syriae  word,  signifying  'to  blow,  to 
breathe.'  Any  thing  possessed  of  an  unwhole- 
8ome  property;  chiefly  applied  to  exhalations. 


Mephitic  Acid,  Carbonic  acid  —  m.  Air,  Car- 
bonic acid. 

MEPHITIS,  see  l^fephitism  —  m.  Ilepatica, 
Hydrogen,  sulphuretted — m.  Inliainmabilis,  Hy- 
drogen— m.  llrinosa,  Ammonia. 

MEPH'ITISM,  Mejihitism'ua,  (F.)  3fephiti8me. 
Same  etymon.  Any  pernicious  exhalation.  3/e- 
plii'tis  and  Ifophe'ta,  (P.)  Jfofette  ou  3fovfette, 
are  old  names  for  azote;  and,  in  general,  for  all 
exhalations  and  gases  that  are  unfit  for  respi- 
ration. 

MERACUS,  Merus. 

MERAMAUROSIS,  Hypamaurosis. 

MERANiESTHE'SIS,  MeraneBxthc'sia,  from 
fitpoi,  'a  part,'  av,  'privative,'  and  aiadtiai;,  'sen- 
sation.'    Insensibility  of  a  part  of  the  body. 

MERATROPH'IA,  from  /xipos,  'a  part,'  and 
arpoi/iifi,  '  want  of  nourishment.'  Atrophy  of  some 
part  of  the  body. 

MEliCURE,  Hj'drargyrum — m.  Biclilornre  de, 
Hydrargyri  oxymurias — m.  Biiodure  de,  Hydrar- 
gyri  iodidum  rubrum — m.  Bromureg  de,  see  Bro- 
mine— m.  Ciirallin,  Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydum — ■ 
m.  avec  la  Craie,  Hydrargj'rum  cum  creta  —  m. 
Cm,  Hydrargyrum  —  m.  Ci/auure  de,  Hydrargyri 
cyanuretum — ni.  Dciitiodiire  de,  Hydrargyri  iodi- 
dum rubrum — m.  Detito-chloriire  de,  Hydrargyri 
oxymurias  —  m.  Doiix,  Hydrargyri  subraurias — • 
m.  Gommeux  de  Plenek,  Syrupus  de  mereurio  me- 
diante  guinmi — m.  Muriate  oxyijene  de,  Hydrar- 
gyri oxymurias  —  m.  Oxide  de,  cendri,  Hydrar- 
gyri oxyduin  cinereum  —  m.  Oxide  gris  de,  Hy- 
drargyri oxydum  cinereum— ?«.  Oxide  nitrique 
lie,  Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydum  —  m.  Oxide  noir 
de,  Hydrargyri  oxyduin  cinereum  —  m.  Oxide 
roiir/e  de,  Hydrargyri  oxydum  rubrum — m.  Peri- 
iodure  de,  Hydrargyri  iodidum  rubrum — m.  I'ro- 
tiadure  de,  Hydrargyri  iodidum  —  m.  Protochlo- 
riire  de,  Hydrargyri  submurias — m.  Protoxide  de, 
Hydrargyri  oxyduin  cinereum  —  m.  Sous-muriate 
lie,  precipite.  Hydrargyrum  praecipitatum  —  m. 
Soua-aulfate  de,  Ilydrargj'rus  vitriolatus — m. 
Siilpliiire  de,  noir,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  ni- 
grum—  m.  Siiljihnre  de,  rouije,  Hydrargyri  sul- 
phuretum rubrum. 

MERCU'RIAL,  Merevria'lis,  (F.)  Ifercuriel  ; 
from  mercurius,  '  mercury.'  That  which  contains 
or  relates  to  mercury.  A  preparation  of  mer- 
cury— Hydrari/i/r'iciiiii,  Uydraryi/r'ium. 

Mkucukial  EiiKTHiSM, see  Erethism — m.Rash, 
Eczema  inercuriale. 

MERCCli/ALE  ANNUELLE,  Mercurialis— 
m.des  /i<;i'x,Mcrcurialisperennis — m.deCliieii,^leT- 
curialis  perennis — m.  Viraee,  Mercurialis  percnnis. 

MERCURIA'LIS,  Mereuria'lis  an'mm,  French 
merciirij,  (F.)  Merenriale  annuelle,  Foirole,  liam- 
berije,  Viij noble  ;  Class,  Dicecia;  Order,  Ennean- 
dria.  It  has  been  esteemed  cathartic,  hypnotic 
and  cosmetic,  and  has  been  chiefly  used  by  way 
of  lavement.     See  Chenopodium  Bonus  Ilenricus. 

MeuCURIAMS  Hi'MOR,  Humor  melanehol'icug. 
A  supposititious  humour  with  the  older  physi- 
cians, out  of  which  they  presumed  that  morbi 
melanchol'ici  seu  mercuria'les  arose. 

Mercurialis  Perkn'nis,  Cynocram'be,  Cani'na 
bras'sira,  Jf.  monta' na,  M.  Si/lres'lris,  Doij's  iiier- 
ciiry,  (F.)  Merouriale  vivace,  M.  de  cliien,  M.  des 
hois.  This  plant  is  possessed  of  acro-narcotio 
properties. 

MERCTTRIALISMUS,  Hydrargvriasis. 

MERCU'RIALIST,  Mercurialis' ta,  from  mer- 
curius,  '  mercury.'  One  inordinately  addicted  to 
prescribing  iiiercurv. 

MERCURIALIZA'TION.  Same  etymon.  The 
state  of  being  affected  by  mercury.  One  under 
the   influence    of  mercury  is  said  to  be  mercu- 

MERCURII  CALX  VITRIOLATA,  Jlydrar- 
gyrus  vitriolatus — m.  Deuto-ioduretum,  llydrar- 


MERCURIUS 


586 


MERORRHEXIS 


gyri  iodidura  rubrum — in.  Proto-ioduretum,  Ily- 
drargyri  iofliiluin — in.  Spertna,  Ilydrargyrus  ace- 
tatus — in.  Terra  foliata,  Hydrargyrus  acetatus. 

MERCURIUS,  Hydrargyrum  —  ni.  Acetiitus, 
Hydrargyrus  acetatus  —  m.  Alkalisatus,  Hydrar- 
gyrum cum  creta  —  m.  Calcinatu.s,  Ilydrargyri 
oxydum  rubrum — in.  Causticus  flavus,  Hydrargy- 
rus vitriolatus — m.  Cinereus,  Hydrargyri  oxydum 
cinereum — m.  Cinnabarinus,  Hydrargyri  sulphu- 
retuin  rubrum — m.  Corallinu.';,  Hydrargyri  nitri- 
co-oxyduin  —  m.  Corrosivus,  Hydrargyri  o.Nymu- 
rias  —  m.  Corrosivus  ruber,  Hydrargyri  nitrico- 
oxydum  —  m.  Corrosivus  sublimatus,  Hydrargyri 
oxymurias  —  m.  Cosmeticus,  Hydrargyrum  prae- 
cipitatum — m.  Dulcis,  Hydrargyri  submurias  — 
m.  Emetieus  flavus,  Hydrargyrus  vitriolatus  — 
m.  Gummosus  Plenckii,  Syrupus  de  mercurio 
mediante  guinmi — m.  Luteiis,  Hydrfirgyrus  vitri- 
olatus— m.  Mortis,  Algaroth — m.  Niger  Moseati, 
Hydrargyri  oxydum  cinereum — in.  Nitrosus 
calide  paratus.  see  Hydrargyri  nitras  —  m.  Nitro- 
sus frigore  paratus,  Hydrargyri  nitras  —  m.  Prse- 
cipitatus  corrosivus,  Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydum 
—  m.  Pi-secipitatus  niger,  Hydrargyri  oxydum 
cinereum  —  m.  Saccharatus,  Hydrargyrum  sac- 
cbaratum  —  m.  Solubilis  of  Hahnemann,  see 
Hydrargyri  oxydum  cinereum  —  m.  Sublimatus 
dulcis,  ilydrargyri  submurias  —  m.  cum  Sul- 
phure,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  nigrum  —  m. 
Terrestris,  Polygonum  Hydrojjiper — m.  Yiloe, 
Algaroth — m.  Zoticus  Hartmanni,  Hydrargyri 
submurias. 

MERCURY,  Hydrargyrum  —  m.  Acetate  of, 
Ilydrargyrus  acetatus  —  m.  Acid  nitrate  of,  see 
Hydrargyri  nitras  —  in.  Ammoniatcd,  Hydrargy- 
rum prajcipitatum  —  m.  Ammonio-chloride  of. 
Hydrargyrum  praecipitatum  —  m.  Bichloride  of, 
Ilydrargyri  oxymurias  —  m.  Biniodide  of,  Hy- 
drargyri iodidum  rubrum,  see  Iodine — m.  Bisul- 
phuret  of,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum  rubrum  —  m. 
Bromide  of,  see  Bromine. 

Meiicuiiy  wiru  Chalk,  Hydrargyrum  cum 
creta. 

Mercury,  Chloride  op,  Milp,  Hydrargyri 
submurias  —  m.  Coini)Ound  cerate  of,  Ceratum 
Hydrargyri  compositum  —  m.  Cyanuret  of,  Hy- 
drargyri cyannrctum — m.  Deuto-iodide  of,  see 
Iodine  —  m.  Dog's,  Mercurialis  perennis  —  m. 
English,  Chenopodium  bonus  Henricus  —  m. 
French,  Mercurial  —  m.  Iodide  of,  Hydrargyri 
Iodidum  —  m.  Iodide  of,  red,  Ilydrargyri  Iodi- 
dum rubrum. 

Mercury,  Iodide  of  Chloride  of,  lod'idum 
Hydfdr'fjjjri  chlo'ridi,  Hi/dr{fr'(f>/rnm  iodn'tnm 
cum  chJorido  mercn'rii,  (F.)  lodlii/drargifrite  de 
chlorure  mercureu.r.  Made  by  the  reaction  of 
iodine  on  mild  (.■liloride  of  mercury.  Two  iodides 
may  be  prepared  —  the  iodide  and  the  hiuiodide. 
Both  are  violent  irritants  :  the  biniodide,  espe- 
cially, is  a  powerful  caustic.  Both  have  been 
given  in  scrofula.  The  biniodide  is  only  used 
externally  like  nitrate  of  silver  in  scrofulous 
and  certain  syphilitic  ulcerations.  An  ointment 
of  the  iodide  (gr.  xv  ad  adipis  ^ij)  is  rubbed  on 
scrofulous  tumefactions. 

Mercury,  Iodo-Arsenite  of,  Arsenic  and 
Mercury,  iodide  of — m.  Muriate  of,  corrosive,  Hy- 
drargyri oxymurias  —  m.  Muriate  of,  mild,  Hy- 
drargyri submurias  —  ra.  Nitrate  of,  Ilydrargyri 
nitras  —  m.  Nitric  oxyd  of,  Ilydrargyri  nitrico- 
oxydum —  m.  Oxide  of,  black  or  gray,  Hydrar- 
gyri oxydum 'cinereum  —  m.  Oxide  of,  red,  Hy- 
drargyri oxydum  rubrum  —  m.  Oxymuriate  of, 
Hydrargyri  oxymurias  —  m.  Periodide  of,  Hy- 
drargyri iodidum  rubrum  —  m.  Phosphuretted, 
Hvdrargyrus  phosphorntns  —  m.  Precipitate  of, 
white,  Hydrargyrum  praecipitntum  —  ra.  Proto- 
chloride  of,  Hy<bargyri  submurias  —  m.  Protoio- 
dide  of,  see  Hydrargyri  iodidum,  and  lodiae— m. 


Prussinte  of,  Hydrargyri  cyannrctum  — m.  Solu- 
ble, Ilydrargyri  nitras — m.  Subchloridc  of.  Hy. 
drargyri  submurias  —  m.  Submurinte  of,  Ilydrar- 
gyri submurias — m.  Sulphuret  of,  black,  Ilydrnr. 
gyri  sulpburotum  nigrum — m.  Sulphuret  of,  ri'd, 
Hydrargyri  sul|)huretum  rebruin.  Realgar  —  in. 
Sulphuret  of,  with  Siilpliur,  Hydrargyri  Siilplm- 
retum  nigrum  —  m.  Superiiitrate  of,  SulLiiiun  of, 
see  Hydrargyri  nitras — m.  Tartrate  of.  Kyilnirgyri 
tartras — m.  Three-seeded,  Acalypha  Virginira! 

Mkhcury  and  Arsenic.  Iodide  of,  Arsonio 
and  Mercury,  Iodide  of — in.  and  Quiiiiii.  J'rolo. 
chloride  of,  Ilydrargyri  et  Quiiiiic  Prutuchlori- 
duin. 

MERDA,  Excrement. 
MERDIVOMUS,  Copremctu.«!. 
MERDUS,  Excrement 

MERE  DES  PJANS,  Pian  -  m.  de  Sci<jle, 
Ergot. 

MEREMPHRAX'IS,  from  fiipoi,  'a  part,'  and 
tjiippa^ii,  '  obstruction.'  Obstruction  or  infarction 
of  an  organ. 

MERICUS.  Local. 

MERIDRO'SIS,  Sudor  partio'ilx  s^on  locn'liK ; 
ixnm  fitfioq,  'a   part,' and  'lijiuiGH,  'sweating.'     A 
partial  perspiration. 
MERTMNA.  Cura. 
MERIMNE,  Cura. 
MEIifSrPJIi,  Prunus  avium. 
MERISMOPGEDIA   VENTRICULI,   Sarcina 
ventriouli. 

MEROBALANEUM,  Bath,  partial. 
MEROBALNEUM,  Bath,  partial. 
MEROCE'LE,  Miroee'le,  Merori.r'i«,  Mernr- 
rhex'is,  from  jjnpoi, '  the  thigh,'  and  K)i\r),  '  tumour ;' 
Hernia  crura' I  in  seu  feniora'iis,  Fein'or(d  or  erurul 
hernia,  (F.)  Hernie  crurale  ou  feniorale.  In  this 
hernia,  the  viscera  issue  from  the  abdomen 
through  the  crural  canal;  or  through  an  opening 
immediately  on  the  outer  side  of  Oinihernnt's 
ligament,  which  gives  passage  to  Ij'inphatic  ves- 
sels. This  afCection  is  more  frequent  in  the  female 
than  in  the  male,  and  especially  in  those  wlio 
have  had  children.  The  tumour,  formed  hy 
merocele.  is  generally  small,  rcuind,  and  more  or 
less  difficult  of  reduction.  In  other  respects,  it 
possesses  all  the  characters  of  hernia.  The  neck 
of  the  sac  has,  close  on  the  outside,  the  epigastric 
artery  ;  above,  the  spermatic  cord  and  spennntio 
artery  in  the  male  —  the  round  ligament  in  the 
female;  on  the  inside.  Giinbernal's  ligaiiicnt; 
and  below,  the  pubes.  When  the  obturiitor  iirlery 
arises  from  the  epigastric,  it  generally  passes  on 
the  outside  of  and  below  the  orifice  of  the  sne; 
sometimes,  however,  it  takes  a  turn  above,  and 
then  to  the  inside  of  the  opening.  J.  Cloquet 
asserts,  that  of  1.34  cases,  in  one  only  did  he  find 
the  epigastric  artery  on  the  inside  of  the  orifice 
of  the  sac. 

The  operation,  required  in  strangulation  of  this 
variety,  may  be  practised  on  the  aponenrcilic 
opening,  by  cutting  downwards  and  inwards  on 
the  side  of  Giinbernat's  ligament. 
MEROCOXALGIA,  Coxalgia. 
MEROL'OGY.  Jferolor/'ia,  (F.)  M^rnlnf,i«, 
from  iiipof,  'apart,'  and  Aoyof, 'a  discourse.'  'Hie 
branch  of  anatomy,  which  treats  of  the  elementary 
constituents  of  the  tissues  and  humours  of  the 
organism. — Robin  and  Verdeil. 

MERO'PIA,    from    ^ffioj,    'a   part,'  and  c^is, 
'vision.'     A  partial  obscurity  of  vision. 
MERORIXIS,  Merocele. 

MERORRHEU'MA,  Nheumatix'mun  pnrlin'Vt 
seu  loen'lis  seu  Memhro'rum  nint/ulo'runi  ;  frmn 
/ifpos,  'a  part,' and  ficvfjia,  '  defluxion,  rheumatism. 
Rheumatism  affecting  a  part.  Topical  or  local 
rheumatism. 
MERORRHEXIS,  Merocele. 


MEROS 


587 


MESENTERY 


MRRO?!,  Fomnr,  Thigh. 

MKKKY-ANDREW.  An  itinerant  quack,  who 
C![))i>.st!s  lii.s  nostrums  for  siile  nt  f'iiirs  and  mar- 
kets. See  CiiARi.ATAV. — So  called  from  Dr.  An- 
drew Boiirdu,  wJio  lived  in  the  reigns  of  Henry 
VIII.,  Edward  VT.,  and  Queen  Mary,  and  who 
was  in  the  habit  of  frei|ucnting  fairs  and  markets, 
at  which  he  liarangucd  the  populace. 

MKRTEN'SIA  VIRGIN'ICA,  Pnlmova'ria 
Yirijlii' icn,  Vii(/in'i<in  Cowilip,  Siiiootk  Liinr/- 
wml  ;  iniligenou.s.  Family,  lioraginaceae.  The 
plant  is  mucilaginous,  and  may  be  used  as  a  de- 
limleent. 

MKRULIUS,  Morchella  Esculenta  — m.  Auri- 
cula, I'c/.iza  auricula. 

MURUS,  J/era'cH*,  yl'crn/os,  ' pure,  genuine;' 
as  VhiKiii  tiienini,  unmixed  wine. 

Mkiu'S,  Femur,  Thigh. 

MERVIXE,  MALE,  Cypripedium  luteum. 

MERYCISMUS,  Rumination. 

JIlERyC'OLE,  see  Rumination. 

MERYCOL()(J"IA,  from  iitipvKaa>,  '  I  ruminate,' 
and  Xiiyof,  'a  <lescription.'  Any  work  on  rumi- 
nation may  be  so  termed. 

MERYPERTROPIITA,  from  ixrpo,;,  < a.  part,' 
and  hi/itci-irophia,  ' supernutrition.'  Hypertrophy 
of  a  part. 

MESA,  Oenital  orgatis. 

M  ES A  R  M  V  M,  Mesen  f cry, 

MESA  K  Arc,  Mesenteric. 

MKSEMAR.  Mismar. 

MESEM15KYANTIIEMUM  COPTICUM,  see 
Soiia. 

MKSKMniiYAN'TnRMnw  Crystal'mnum,  ]I/. 
firiii'dfH  (licarnfiptato,  '  to  do  at  noon,'  because  its 
flowers  e.xpand  at  midday.)  n;'<nii'»irf  fig-mnry. 
gohl,  Ice-plant,  (F.)  Ghtdale,  CryxtnUiiie.  A\,t. 
Old.  Ficoidete:  a  plant  common  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  Cape  Town.  It  has  been  recom- 
mended in  dysuria,  ischuria,  and  some  other 
alteetions  of  the  urinary  organs. 

MKSKMBHVANTirKMUM  Edu'le,  and  M.  nchin- 
ci/ornie,  South  African  plants,  are  much  used  as 
domestic  remedies  at  the  Cape.  The  expressed 
juice  of  the  leaves  acts  as  an  astringent  in  dy- 
sentery, and  as  a  mild  diuretic.  It  is  also  used 
as  an  antiseptic  gargle  in  malignant  sore  throat, 
violent  salivation  and  aphthae,  and  as  a  lotion  to 
burns  and  scalds. 

MusKMBRVAN'THRMrM  ToRTUo'.siTM,  also  a 
South  African  plant,  is  said  to  possess  narcotic 
properties. 

MESENCEPHALE,  Medulla  oblongata,  Pons 
Varolii. 

MES'ENTERIC,  Menarn'ic.  Mcseiiter'icus,  3fe. 
tara'i'cita,  Memra' Icim,  (F.)  Mei^ent^rique,  Mexn- 
rii'iijiie  ;  from  iieacvTcptov,  or  iitanfintov,  'the 
mesentery.'  That  which  relates  or  belongs  to 
the  mesentery. 

Mesenteric  Arteries  are  two  in  number,  and 
distinguished  into.  1.  The  Superior  mesenteric, 
which  arises  from  the  anterior  part  of  the  abdo- 
minal aorta,  below  the  cneliac.  It  immediately 
descends  to  the  left,  forwards,  behind  the  pan- 
creas, and  in  front  of  the  third  portion  of  the 
duodenum, — to  gain  the  superior  extremity  of  the 
mesentery,  where  it  makes  a  long  curvature,  the 
convexity  of  which  is  turned  forwards  and  to  the 
left.  Towards  the  termination  of  the  ileum,  it 
ends  by  anastomosing  with  a  branch  of  the  A. 
co/ica  ({extra  inferior.  At  its  concavity,  it  gives 
off  the  three  Arlerim  cn/iea-  dextrtp,  which  belong 
to  the  great  intestine;  and,  at  its  convexity,  it 
sends  otT  fifteen  or  twenty  branches,  which  are 
distributed  to  the  small  intestine,  after  having 
formed  numerous  arches  by  their  anastomoses. 

2.  The  Inferior  JUxenterir  Artery  arises  from 
the  anterior  part  of  the  abdominal  aorta,  an  inch 


and  a  half  before  its  termination.  It  descends, 
on  the  left  side,  behind  the  peritoneum;  engages 
itself  in  the  substance  of  the  iliac  mesocolon, 
forming  a  considerable  curvature,  whose  con- 
vexity faces  the  left  side.  When  it  reaches  the 
brim  of  the  pelvis,  it  passes  along  the  posterior 
separation  of  the  mesorectum,  and  attains  the 
neighbourhood  of  the  anus,  under  the  name  Su- 
perior hemorrhoidal  artery.  It  gives  off  no  branch 
at  its  concave  part;  but,  from  the  convex,  the 
three  Arterim  coIIccb  sinistra  arise. 

Mesenteric  Disease,  Tabes  mcsenterica. 
Mesenteric  Glands  are  the  lymphatic  gan- 
glions of  the  mesentery.  Tlirough  them,  the 
chyliferous  vessels  pass  to  the  thoracic  duet. 
Their  uses  are  unknown.  AVhen  diseased,  nutri- 
tion is  interfered  with,  and  atrophy  produced. 

Mesenteric  Hernia.  If  one  of  the  layers  of 
the  mesentery  be  torn  by  a  blow,  whilst  the  other 
remains  in  its  natural  state,  the  intestines  may 
insinuate  themselves  into  the  aperture,  and  form 
a  kind  of  hernia.     It  is  not  known  during  life. 

Mesenteric  Plexuses  are  furnished  by  the 
solar  plexus,  and  have  been  distinguished  into 
miperior  nnd  inferior ;  like  the  mesenteric  arte- 
ries which  they  accompany. 

Mesenteric  or  Mesaraic  Veins  are  two  in 
number,  and  belong  to  the  vena  porta.  They 
are  distinguished  into,  1.  The  Snperior  mexcnferJc 
or  mesaraic  or  ffreat  mesaraic.  This  trunk  re- 
ceives, from  above  to  below  and  on  the  right  side, 
the  three  fencB  co/irai  dejrtree  and  the  Gastro- 
epiphiica  dextra.  Into  its  left  side,  the  veins  of 
the  small  intestine  open.  It  passes  in  front  of 
the  transverse  portion  of  the  duodenum;  and, 
behind  the  pancreas,  unites  with  the  splenic  vein 
to  concur  in  the  formation  of  the  vena  porta. 

The  inferior  or  lesser  mesenteric  vein  corre- 
sponds to  the  artery  of  the  same  name,  and 
opens  into  the  splenic,  near  the  union  of  that 
vein  with  the  superior  mesenteric,  and  behind  the 
pancreas. 

JIESEXTERIQ UE,  Mesenteric. 
MESENTERIITIS,  Mesenteritis. 
MESENTERI'TIS,  Mesenterii'lis,  Enipres'mn 
peritoni'tis  mesenter'ica,  Enteri'tis  meaenter'ien, 
Inflnmma'tion  of  the  mesentery  ;  from  iitaivrtpiov, 
'mesentery,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 
The  pain  is  here  deeper  seated  and  more  imme- 
diately in  the  mesenteric  region.  The  external 
tenderness  is  less  than  in  some  of  the  other 
varieties  of  peritonitis. 

MESENTERIUM,  Mesentery  — m.  Crassum, 
Mesocolon. 

MESENTERON,  Mesentery. 
MESENTEROPHTHISIS,  Tabes  mesenteries. 
MES'ENTERY,  Mesenter'inm,  Mesarai'on, 
3fcsarcB'uni,  Media'nnm,  jifembra'na  pint/iiis  in- 
testino'rum,  Lactes,  Mesen'teron,  Sfeserep.'nm,  Ne- 
sorcs'iim,  Medium  intesti'num,  Epichor'dis ;  from 
fitaoi.  'in  the  middle,'  and  cvrcpov,  'intestine.' 
(F.)  Mesentere.  A  term  in  anatomy,  apyilicd  to 
several  duplicatures  of  the  peritoneum,  which 
maintain  the  different  portions  of  the  intestinal 
canal  in  their  respective  situations;  allowing, 
however,  more  or  less  motion.  They  are 
formed  of  two  laminne,  between  which  are  con- 
tained the  corresponding  portion  of  intestine  and 
the  vessels  that  pass  to  it.  One  only  of  these 
duplicatures  has  received  the  name  mesentery, 
properly  so  called.  This  belongs  to  the  small 
intestine,  which  it  suspends  and  retains  in  situ. 
Its  posterior  margin,  which  is  the  smallest,  is 
straight,  and  descends  obliquely  from  the  left 
side  of  the  body  of  the  second  lumbar  vertebra 
to  the  right  iliac  fossa.  Its  anterior  margin  is 
curved,  undulating,  plaited,  and  corresponds  to 
the  whole  length  of  the  small  intestine.  The 
mesentery  contains,   between    the    two   laminse 


MESERA 


588 


MESPILUS 


•which  form  it,  a  number  of  lympliatic  ganglions  ; 
the  trunks  and  branches  of  the  mesenteric  ves- 
sels ;  the  nervous  plexuses  accompanyiug  them, 
and  manv  lacteals  and  lymphatics. 
JIESEKA.  Tutia. 
MHSEH/EUM,  Mesentery.        * 
MESERAION,  Mesentery. 
ME'SIAL,  from  fitaoi,  'in  the  middle.'      Re- 
lating or  appertaining  to  the  middle. 

Mksial  Plane,  an  imaginary  plane,  dividing 
the  head,  neck,  and  trunlt  into  similar  halves, 
towards  right  and  left.  Every  aspect  towards 
this  plane  is  mesial;  and  every  aspect  towards 
right  or  left  is  lateral ;  every  lateral  aspect  being 
dextrnl  ar  niiiinfral. 

MESIAMUM,  Anieeton. 

MEvSMER'IC,  Mesmer'icus ;  from  Anthony 
Mesmer,  the  great  promulgator  of  animal  magnet- 
ism. Relating  to  mesmerism  or  animal  magnet- 
ism : — as  the  '  mesmeric  state,'  '  mesmeric  sleep,' 
<tc.  &c. 

MESMERISM,  Magnetism,  animal. 
MES'MERIST.     A  practiser  of,  or  believer  in, 
mesmerism. 

MESMERIZA'TION',  3rag»rt!za'tion.  The  act 
of  mesmerizing.  The  state  of  being  mesmerized. 
MES'MERIZED,  Me^merizn'tns,  3Iaq'netizcd. 
Affected  with  mesmerism  or  animal  magnetism. 
When  the  person  is  in  a  state  of  '  magnetic  sleep,' 
lie  is  said  to  be  In/p'notlzed. 

MES'MERIZER,  Animal  3Tagnefi'zer,  Mag- 
neti'zer.     One  who  pr.Tctises  mesmerism. 

MESMERO-PHREXOLOGY,Phreno-magnet- 
ism. 

MESO,  ;j£(To;,  'in  the  middle.'  A  prefix  to 
certain  words. 

MESOBREOMATE,  see  Cranium. 
MESOCJE'CUM,  {nie^o  and  ctBcntn).     A  name 
given   to   a  duplicature   of  the   peritoneum,    (in 
some  persons  only,)  at  the  posterior  part  of  the 
caecum. 

MESOCEPHALE,  Medulla  oblongata.  Pons 
Varolii. 

MESOCHON'DRIAC,  iTeaochondri'acus ;  from 
menn,  and  -xovijioi,  '  cartilage.'  A  name  given  by 
Boerhaave  to  fleshy  fibres  situate  between  the 
cartilaginous  rings  of  the  trachea. 

MESOCOL'IC,  Mcsoco'licuH.  Same  etymon 
as  the  next.  Belonging  or  relating  to  the  meso- 
colon. 

MESOCO'LON,  Mesoco'him,  Mesenfer'iitni  cras- 
snin,  from  meao,  and  kuXov,  '  the  colon.'  A  name 
given  to  the  duplicatures  of  the  peritoneum, 
vhieh  fix  the  different  parts  of  the  colon  to  the 
abdominal  parietes.  It  has  received  different 
names,  according  to  its  situation.  The  ritjht 
Inmbnr  mesocolon  fixes  the  ascending  colon  to  the 
corresponding  lumbar  region.  The  ti-nnKvei-se 
wesocolon  arises  from  the  concave  arch  of  the 
colon,  and  forms  a  septum  between  the  epigastric 
and  umbilical  regions.  Its  inferior  portion  is 
continuous  with  the  mesentery.  The  left  lumbar 
mesocolon,  which  contains  the  ascending  colon,  is 
continuous  below  with  the  Iliac  mesocolon.  The 
last  includes  between  its  layers  the  sigmoid  flex- 
ure of  the  colon,  and  ends  in  the  mesorectum. 
Under  the  right  kidney,  it  is  narrow  and  firm, 
and  forms  the  rifjlil  lir/'amrnf  of  the  colon:  at  the 
under  end  of  the  left  kidney,  it  forms  the  left 
liq'nment  nf  the  colon. 
'MESOCRANIUM,  Sinciput. 
MESOrRANUM,  Sinciput. 
MESODERMUM.  Corpus  mueosum. 
MESODME.  Mediastinum. 
MESODMI'TrS,  fromf/£(To^,.,,  (^tirof,  'middle,' 
and  bofxoi,  'a  building.')  'the  mediastinum,'  and 
itis,  'inflammation.'  MesotcBchi'tis,  Mediastini'tis, 
Infnmma'tio  mediasti'iii.  Inflammation  of  the 
mediastinum. 


MESOftPIDID'YMTS,  from  iicao{,  'middle,' 
and  £iri^(5u/ii{,  '  epididymis.'  A  double  serous 
fold,  like  the  mesocolon,  formed  by  the  tunica 
vaginalis  passing  from  the  boily  of  the  epididy- 
mis, and  uniting  it  to  the  testicle. 

MESOGASTRIUM.  Umbilical  region. 
MKSOGASTRir.M  Mi-|,i.Eui.    A  portion  of  mesen- 
tery, which  passes  from  the  vertebral  column  to 
the  left  curvature  of  the  stomach. 
MESOGLOSSUS,  Genioglossus. 
MESOGLOTTUS,  Genioglossus. 
MESOGONIUM,  Internodium. 
MESOLO'BAR.       Belonging    or    relating    to 
the  3fesolohe  or  Corpus  callo'snm. 

Mesoi.obar  AuTEniKS,  Arte'rlm  mesnloh'ico', 
A.  cor'poris  callo'ei  ccr'ebri,  are  the  arteries  of 
the  corpus  callosum. 

3fES0f,0nE,  Corpus  callosum. 
MESOMER'IA,    from    meso,    and    itcpos,   'tho 
thigh.'     The  parts  of  the  body  situate  between 
the  tbishs  nnd  hips. 

MESOMERION,  Perinwum. 
MESOMPIIALUM.  Umbilicus. 
MESOPIILEB'IUM,  from  mcao,  and  (p\txp,  'a 
vein ;'    Interve'niiim.      The    space   between   two 
veins. 

MESOPTI'RYON,  Glabell'a,  Gabel'la,  Tntercil'. 
ium,  3feto'piHn),  Nasal  eminence,  from  meso,  and 
oippva,  'the  eyebrows.'  The  part  between  the 
eyebrows. 

MESOPLEURIUM,  Intercostal  space. 
MESOPLEURIUS,  Intercostal. 
MES0R;EUM.  Mesentery. 
MESOR'CIIIUM,  from  mfso,  and  opx-is,  'a  tes- 
ticle.'    A  duplicature  of  the  peritoneum,  which 
supports  the  testicle  in  its  passage  from  the  abdo- 
men into  the  scrotum. — Seller. 

MESORECTUM.  A  hybrid  word  :  from  mesn, 
and  rectum,  'the  intestine  rectum.'  A  triangiilnr 
reflection,  formed  by  the  peritoneum,  between  the 
posterior  surface  of  the  rectum  and  the  anterior 
surface  of  the  sacrum.  Between  the  two  Inyera 
of  which  the  meso  rectum  is  composed  arc  found 
much  areolar  tissue,  and  the  termination  of  the 
inferior  mesenteric  vessels. 
MESOS,  Meso. 

MESOSCEOCELE.  Hernia,  perineal. 
MESOSCELON.  Perinseum. 
MESOSCELOPIIY'MA,  from  3resoscelnn,(mesn, 
and  (7/c£Xof,  'leg,')  'perinaeum,'  and  ^i'/<a,  '  swel- 
lin<r.'     A  tumour  of  the  perinjfum. 

MESOTII'ENAR,  from  lAtcoi,  and  Scvap,  'the 
thenar,'  'the  palm  of  the  hand.'  A  muscle, 
which  carries  the  thumb  towards  the  palm. 
Winslow  applied  the  term  to  the  abductor  polli- 
cis,  united  to  the  deep-seated  portion  of  the  flexor 
brevis  pollicis. 

MEROT'ICA,  from  ^itffoj,  'middle.'     Diseases 
affecting  the  parenchyma.     Pravity  in  the  quan- 
tity or  quality  of  the  intermediate  or  connecting 
substance  of  organs  ;  without  inflatnmntion,  fever, 
or  other  derangement  of  the  general  health.    The 
first  Order,  chiss  Eccritica  of  Good. 
MESOT(EOTnTTS,  Mesodmitis. 
MESOTffiCTTTUM.  Mediastinum, 
MESOTCECIIUM,  Mediastinum. 
MES'PIEUS,  Mespilns  Gernian'ica  seu  dotnei'- 
tica.      Old.  Rosaccae.      The  medlar,  (F.)  Nejller. 
The   fruit    (F.)  NePe,  nnd   seeds   of  the  medlar 
have  both  been  used  medicinally  : — the  inimnture 
fruit  as  an  astringent,  and  the  seeds  in  nephritic 
diseases.   See  Crafaetrus  Aria  and  Sorbus  acuparia. 
Meppit.iis  Aria,  Crat.negus  aria — m.  Domestica, 
Mespilus,  Sorbus  domestica — m.  Germanica,  Mes- 
pilns— m.  Intermedia,  Mespilus  oxyacantha — m. 
Laevigata,  Mespilus  oxyacantha. 

Me<?PILT'S  OxvacAN'thA,  3f.  Oxyncnnt'hn'i'det 
sen  interme'dia  seu  lariga'tn,  Oxyacantha,  Spina 
alba,     While    Hawthorn.    (F.)    Aubepine.      The 


MET  A 


589 


METAMORPIIOPSIA 


flowera  of  this  uncommon  European  plank  are 
Bonietimcs  usod  in  irifuiiion  as  a  pectoral. 

Mksi'ilus  OxYACANTUoiUES,  Mespilus  oxya- 
cantha. 

MKTA,  ^{ra,  Mcth,'  puB',  'with,'  'together 
with,'  'after,'  'chanf^e  of  form  and  place.'  A 
common  prefix  to  words.     Hence: 

MKTAU'ASrS,  Tnm'KttHs,  Metitb'ole,  Meta- 
bnl'iii,  Miliil'huje,  Metnllax'is,  from  )ii.Ta0aivu>, 
(mi-to,  and  Latvia,  •  I  go,')  '  I  digress.'  A  change 
of  remedy,  practice,  &u. — Hippocrates. 

METAIiOLE,  Metabasis,  Transformation. 

M  E  TA 15  0  L  E  L'OG  Y,  3fet<ihoIelofj"{ti ;  from 
/icTajioXri,  (nicla,  and  /JfjAXu),)  'change,'  and  Xoyo;, 
'a  description.'  A  description  of  the  changes 
which  supervene  in  the  course  of  a  disease. 

METABOLIA,  Metabasis. 

METABOIi'IC,  Me.tdhol' icuK,  from  fttTajioXrj, 
'chiingc.'  Appertaining  to  change  or  transfor- 
mation. 

Mktabol'ic  Force.  Vis  meiahol'ica.  A  term 
employed  by  Schwann  for  the  power  possessed 
by  living  cells  of  changing  the  character  of  the 
substances  brought  in  contact  with  them. 

MKTACAR'PAL,  Metocarp!a'n,ts,  (F.)  Meta- 
cnrpien.  From  meta,  and  Kapno^,  '  wrist.'  Re- 
lating or  belonging  to  the  metacarpus. 

Metacaupai^  AltTRllY,  Arte'rin  dorsn'lis  meta- 
cnr'pi,  arises  from  the  radial,  at  the  moment  it 
engages  itself  in  the  upper  extremity  of  the  ab- 
ductor indicis.  It  descends  obliquely  upon  the 
back  of  the  hand.  Its  branches  are  distributed 
to  the  abductor  indicis,  and  the  integuments: 
some  communicate  with  the  dorsalis  carpi. 

Mktacaui'al  Auticula'tions  are  those  by 
which  the  last  four  metacarpal  bones  are  united 
together  at  their  u|)per  extremity. 

Metacarpal  Boxes,  or  bones  which  compose 
the  metacarpus,  arc  five  in  number;  and  distin- 
guished into  first,  second,  third,  &o.,  beginning 
from  the  outer  or  radial  side.  They  are  articu- 
lated by  their  superior  extremity  with  the  bones 
of  the  second  range  of  the  carpus;  and  by  the 
lower  with  the  first  phalanges. 

Metacaupai,  Lig'ament,  Infe' rior  palmar  Lig' - 
ament,  is  a  fibrous  band,  stretched  transversely 
before  the  inferior  extremities  of  the  last  four 
metacarpal  bones,  which  it  keeps  in  their  respec- 
tive positions. 

Metacarpal  Phalan'ges  are  the  first  pha- 
langes of  the  fingers ;  so  called,  because  they 
are  articulated  with  the  bones  of  the  metacarpus. 

Metacarpal  Ran(!E  or  row  of  the  carpal 
hones,  (F.)  Ilaugee  nietacnrpieinie  du  cnrpe,  is 
the  lower  row  of  carpal  bones ;  so  called  because 
they  are  articulated  with  the  bones  of  the  meta- 
carpus. It  is  composed  of  the  trapezium,  trape- 
loidcs,  magnum,  and  unoiforme. 

METACAllPEUS,  Abductor  metacarpi  minimi 
digiti. 

MStACARPIEN,  Metacarpal  — m.  du  Petit 
ffoigt,  Opponens  minimi  digiti — hi.  du  Pouce,  Op- 
ponens  pollicis. 

METACARPTON,  Metacarpus. 

METACARPO-PHALANG^EUS  POLLICIS, 
Adductor  pollicis  nianus. 

METACAR'PO-PHALAN'GIAN,  Metacarjio- 
phalaiiijia'iius,  Metnciirpnp!i<d'ai)ij<il,  (F.)  Jlfeia- 
carpo-plialdiKjien.  That  which  belongs  to  the 
metacarpus  and  phalanges. 

Mbtacarpo-Piialvngiav  or  Mrtacakpo-Pha- 
I.ancal  .\uTiciL.VTioss  are  formed  by  the  bones 
of  the  metacarpus  and  the  corresponding  pha- 
langes. In  these  articulations,  the  bony  surfaces 
are  incrusted  with  cartilage,  covered  bj'  a  syno- 
vial membrane,  and  kept  in  connexion  by  means 
of  an  anterior  and  two  lateral  lig.tmcDts. 


METACARPO-PIIALANGTEX  LA TERAL 
SUS-PALMAFRE,^  ET  METACARPO-PHA- 
LAXGIEN  LATERAL,  Interosseus  manus. 

METACAR'PUS,  same  etymon  as  Metacar- 
pal. J/etacar'pion,  Piislbrachiii'le,  Pasteur' pium. 
Tarsus  maiius,  (F.)  Metacarpe.  The  part  of  the 
hand  comprised  between  the  carpus  and  fingers. 
It  is  composed  of  five  parallel  bones,  called  meta- 
carpal;  forming  the  back  of  the  hand,  externally, 
and  the  palm  internally. 

METACERAS.MA,  Cerasma. 

METACHEIRIXIS,  Surgery. 

METACIIIRISIS,  Surgery. 

METACIIIRISMUS,  Surgery, 

METACHORESIS,  Metastasis. 

METACIIYSIS,  Transfusion. 

METACINEMA,  Metastasis. 

METACINESIS.  Metastasis. 

METACONDYLE,  see  Phalanx. 

METACYE'SIS,  from  meta,  and  kv>j<tis,  'preg- 
nancy ;'  Gravid' itas  extra-uteri' na  secunda'ria. 
Extra-uterine  pregnancy  in  which  the  foetus  is  at 
first  in  the  uterus,  but  subsequently  in  some 
other  place. 

METADERMATO'SIS,  from  meta,  and  oepyia, 
'  skin.'  A  morbid  development  of  the  epidermis 
or  epithelium. 

METAGEN'ESIS,  (F.)  Metag^nlse,  Altern'ate 
genera' tion,  from  ^itra,  and  ytvtffcf,  'generation.' 
A  term,  proposed  by  Professor  Owen,  to  express 
the  changes  of  form,  which  one  animal  species 
undergoes  in  a  series  of  successively  produced 
individuals,  extending  from  the  one  developed 
from  the  ovum  to  that  which  becomes  the  imago 
or  last  perfected  individual.  This  term  he  em- 
ploys in  contradistinction  to  metamorphosis,  which 
he  restricts  to  the  changes  of  form  undergone  by 
one  and  the  same  individual.  See  Generation, 
alternate. 

METAL,  Metal'him.  From  neraWau),  'I  seek 
after.'  A  class  of  simple,  combustible  bodies ; 
distinguished  from  others  by  considerable  specific 
gravity;  a  particular  splendour;  almost  total 
opacity;  insolubility  in  water:  and  the  property 
they  have  of  ringing  when  struck.  Metals  have 
no  effect,  except  of  a  mechanical  nature,  when 
taken  into  the  stoinach;  unless  they  have  already 
undergone,  or  undergo  in  the  stomach,  oxidation 
or  union  with  an  acid;  when,  at  times,  delete- 
rious compounds  may  be  formed.  Copper  cents  ; 
half-pence;  quicksilver;  lead,  have  frequently 
been  swallowed  in  the  metallic  state  with  im- 
punity. Tin  and  mercury  are  the  only  metals 
prescribed  for  a  mechanical  effect;  the  former  as 
an  anthelmintic, — the  latter,  idly  enough,  in  cases 
of  fancied  intussusception. 

jVETAL  DES  CLOCHES,  Be\l-mcia\. 

METALLAGE.  Metabasis. 

METALLAXIS,  Metallage. 

METALLIC  VOICE,  TIntement  m^tallique. 

METALLODYN'IA,  from  ^traWov,  -a  metal,' 
and  uivvrj,  'pain.'  Pain  owing  to  the  injurious 
influence  of  a  metal — as  lead,  qni^'ksilver,  <tc. 

METALLUM,  Metal  —  m.  ILnemat' poeticum, 
ferrum. 

M  E  T  A  M  0  R  P  H  OP'SIA.  Phantnsmasrop'ia, 
Pliautasmaloscop'ia,  from  jtirayiopiou),  (lara  and 
nopipr],  'form,')  'I  transform,  and  ot^k,  'vision.' 
Sujf'u'sio,  S.  Oculo'rum  sen  metamorphop'sis  seu 
mi/o'des,  Imagination  (Maitre- Jean) ;  Crupsia, 
Mnrmar'yge,  Marmor'yge,  Mac' ulce  ante  oc'tilox 
roHtau'tes,  Marau'yia,  Oc'uli  marmari/go'des, 
I'is'io  phantas'matum,  Visus  defigura'tus.  False 
sight,  (F.)  BerJue.  Aberration  of  the  sense  of 
sight,  which  transmits  the  image  of  imaginary  ob- 
jects. This  affection  sometimes  depends  on  a 
slight  opacity  in  the  transparent  parts  of  the  eye  ; 
the  cornea,  crystalline,  or  vitreous  humour,  when 


METAMORPHOSIS 


500 


METATHESIS 


it  is  symptomatic  and  of  no  consequence.  At 
other  times,  it  appears  to  be  idiopatliic  ;  and  oc- 
curs particularly  in  tliose  who  have  been  in  the 
habit  of  constantly  fixing  their  eyes  on  very 
brilliant  or  small  bodies.  The  objects  fancied  to 
be  seen  are  various.  They  are  sometimes  circu- 
lar, perpetually  moving;  or  shininir,  or  black  spots, 
cobwebs,  insects,  or  pieces  of  wool — when  they 
are  often  termed  Muxccb  seu  F/occi  volitan'iea, 
(F.)  Mimches  mlantes,  and  the  condition  Vimis 
til usrn'  1-111)1,  f^cotoin'ald,  SiijfH'8io  Jlfyo'des,  ]ffi/iii- 
dcop'v!<t,  Jfi/indiip'sia,  Mi/odenpsia,  3h/(ideiso'/>i<i, 
ViHiis  nntKca'riim.  These  appea  ances  sometimes 
continue  for  a  few  days  ;  being  dependent  on  the 
state  of  the  nerves  of  the  individual  at  the  time; 
or  they  may  exist  for  life,  and  ultimately  impair 
tlie  sight.  Certain  of  them  charge  their  position, 
and  appear  to  be  seated  in  the  humours  of  the 
eye,  and — it  has  been  supposed — in  the  vitreous 
humour  more  especially:  hence  the  term  eiito- 
liy'nliiid  miiscm  applied  to  them. 

If  the  affection  be  symptomatic,  it  is  of  but 
little  moment.  If  idiopathic,  and  connected  with 
any  excitement  of  the  brain,  which  is  not  often 
the  case,  aittention  will  have  to  be  paid  to  that 
organ. 

METAMORPHOSIS,  see  Metagenesis. 

Mktamorphosis  Ventriculi  Gelatiniformis, 
Gastromalacia. 

METANOrlSMOS,  Decantation. 

METAPEDIUM,  Metatarsus. 

METAPHRENON,  Dorsum. 

METAPHYTEIA,  Transplantatio. 

Wi^rr  A  PODIUM,  Metatarsus. 

METAPOROPCE'A,  Jfetoporopoe'siR,  from 
weta,  iropof,  'a  pore,'  and  noictv,  'to  make.'  The 
change  produced  in  the  minute  pores,  in  the  ca- 
pillary extremities  of  vessels,  —  when  they  pass 
from  the  morbid  to  the  healthy  condition. — Galen. 

JIETAPTO'SIS.  MetaxchematiH'iiiuH,  MelaxcJie- 
mat'ixlu.  Mutation,  change  ;  from  fieTairirrru), 
(liira,  and  tuktci),  'I  fall,')  'I  digress.'  Any 
change  in  the  form  or  seat  of  a  disease.  Trans- 
formation. 

METARRIKE'A,  iretm-'rJn/sis,  from  meta, 
and  pew,  '  I  flow.'  Reflux.  The  transfer  of  a 
disease  from  without  to  within,  or  from  one  part 
to  another. 

METARRHYSTS,  Metarrhoea. 

METASCHEMATISIS,  Metaptosis. 

METASCIIEMATISMUS,  Metaptosis. 

METAS'TASIS,  Jretnchoi-e'sis,  Mctachie'ma. 
JIfetiiriiie'sis,  from  iieQiarrnji,  (iiFra,  and  tarrjjii,  'I 
place,')  '  I  change  place.'  Binplrice'ment,  Trniis- 
Iii'tioii.  A  change  in  the  seat  of  a  disease;  at- 
tributed, by  the  Humorists,  to  the  translation  of 
the  morbific  matter  to  a  part  different  from  that 
which  it  had  previously  occupied:  and  by  the 
Solidists,  to  the  displacement  of  the  irritation. 
It  has  also  been  used  in  the  same  extensive  sense 
as  Metaptosis.  Disputes  have  often  been  in- 
dulged, whether  a  case  of  metastasis  ought  not 
rather  to  be  esteemed  one  of  extension  of  the  dis- 
ease. The  phenomena  of  gout  and  acute  rheu- 
matism are  in  favour  of  metastasis  occasionally 
supervening. 

Mktastasis  Lactis,  Galactoplania,  Phlegma- 
tia  dolens. 

METASTAT'IC,  Metnmnt'iciis,  (E.)  Mefastn- 
tiqiie.  Belonging  or  relating  to  metastasis.  A 
iiietnstiili'c  cn'«in  is  one  produced  by  metastasis: — 
a  metimintic  ciffectinn,  one  caused  by  metastasis, 
Ac.     See  Abscess,  metastatic. 

METASYN'CRISIS,  from  meffi.  and  avyKpivii), 
(ffuy.  and  Kpnia,  'I  choose,'  'I  judge.')  lii-com- 
p'»ii"tion.  A  word  employed  by  some  disciples 
of  Aselepiades.  This  physician  supposed,  that 
all  animals  are  formed  by  the  union  or  assem- 
blage of  atoms.     He  designated  all  bodies  by  the 


word  (rvyKptfinTa,  which  signifies  ' nssenibln<»e. 
TvyicptvcaS-in,  'to  be  assembled,'  was,  with  liiin' 
.synonymous  with  'to  rrut ;'  and  itaKpti'coSn,,  'to 
separate,'  was,  with  him,  synonymous  with  ' lo 
dissolve,'  'lo  cense  to  exist.'  Tlie  word  Mri„„y„. 
crisis  was  invented  to  express  the  rccoinposit'ion 
of  bodies  after  tlieir  momentary  dissolulion. 
Some  have  rendered  the  word  by  the  Latin  Jit- 
corpora' lid. 

METASYNCRIT'IC,  jV,-tns,pirrit'iciis,  Jtrcor. 
porati'viis.  Belonging  or  rein  ting  to  metasyncri- 
sis.  A  name  formerly  given  to  medicines  to 
which  was  attributed  the  virtue  of  producing  the 
metasyncrisis  or  regeneration  of  the  body,  or 
some  of  its  parts. 

Mktasynchitic  Cycle  meant  a  detcrniinate 
series  of  remedies  employed  for  this  purpose. 

MBTATAR'SAL,  Metalar'seiw,  (F.)  Mftiilni: 
sieii.  Same  etymon  as  metatarsus.  Relating  or 
belonging  to  the  metatarsus. 

Mktatahsal  Artkhy,  Artfi-e  siis-nielntnniieme 
of  Chaussier,  arises  from  the  Arteria  dnrsu'lis 
Tarsi ;  passes  transversely  over  the  back  of  the 
foot;  and  furnishes,  at  its  convexity,  which  is 
anterior,  three  branches,  called  A.  inleros'sea> 
dorsn'les  Pedis.  These  branches  are  distributed 
in  the  interosseous  spaces. 

Mktatarsal  Articijla'tions  are  those  result- 
ing from  the  junction  of  the  metatarsal  bones 
with  each  other.  They  are  strengthened,  if/o'iirf, 
by  dorsal  and  plnntur  ligaments;  and  hefure,  by 
a  transverse  metatarsal  li</ai)ieiit,  which  is  plantar, 
and  has  the  greatest  analogy  to  the  inferior  trans- 
verse metacarpal  lif/anient. 

Mktatarsal  Bonk.s,  (F.)  Os  metatnrsiens,  are 
five  in  number,  and  distinguished  by  their  num- 
ber; flrst,  second,  third,  Ac,  reckoning  from  the 
outer  side. 

Metatarsal  Phalanges  are  the  first  pha- 
langes of  the  toes;  so  called  because  they  are 
united  to  the  metatarsus. 

Metatarsal  Row — (F.)  Fanr/^e  metatarsiennt 
—  of  the  bones  of  the  tarsus,  is  the  second  row, 
or  that  contiguous  to  the  metatarsus;  compre- 
hending the  cuboides  and  three  cuneiform  bones: 
some  add  the  scaphoides. 

METATARSEUS,  see  Abductor  minimi  digiti 
pedis. 

METATARSIEN,  Metatarsal. 

METATARSO-PHALAN'GIAN,  Metatnrsn. 
plialanrjia'tnis,  Metntarso  -  phaUtnfjal.  Relating 
to  the  metatarsus  and  phalanges. 

Metatarso-Phalangian  or  MRTATARSo-rnA- 
LANGAL  Articulations  are  formed  by  the  bones 
of  the  metatarsus  and  the  corresponding  pha- 
langes. Thev  bear  the  greatest  analogy  to  the 
metacarpo-plialaiiip'an  artiriilafioiis. 

META  TA  RSO-PHA LANGIEN-LA  TERA L, 
see  Interossei  pedis  —  in.  Soiis-ph(dan<jien  tiaiit- 
versal  du  premier  orteil,  Transversus  pedis. 

METATAR'SUS,  Melatar'sinm,  Ifelape'divm, 
jMetapo'diiim,  Prcpeor'diinii  seu  So'linii  pedis, 
Vestii/"iiim  pedis,  (F.)  Ifetalnrse,  from  fiCTa, 
'  after,'  and  rapaos,  '  the  tarsus.'  That  part  of  the 
foot  which  is  situate  between  the  tarsus  and  toes, 
corresponding  with  the  metacarpus.  It  is  com- 
posed of  five  parallel  bones;  one  to  each  toe. 
Like  the  metacarpal  bones,  they  are  developed 
from  two  points  of  ossification. 

METATU'ESIS,  from  uiT„Tt&r„jt,  f^fr,,,  nnd 
TiBii/ji,  '  to  place,')  '  I  change  place.'  Trniispo- 
sit"io.  An  operation,  by  which  a  morbific  agent 
is  removed  from  one  place  to  another,  where  it 
may  produce  less  disturbance  in  the  exercise  of 
the  functions  : — as,  for  example,  in  the  operation 
of  depressing  cataract,  or  when  calculus  in  the 
urethra  is  pushed  back  into  the  bladder.  Abo, 
Derivation. 


METATIO 


501 


METRAUXE 


MRTATTO,  Mensuration. 

MHTATOC'IA,  from  m<:fa,  nnd  toko;,  'birth.' 
parliiritiiin  in  a  preternatural  manner.  Pretcr- 
nalnral  l.il>i)ur. 

M  J'n'ATO  PTOSIS,  Diailexis. 

MKTI'INSOMATOSIS,  rneorporiition. 

MK  TKORrSMUS,  Sublitnation.  Tympanites. 

MKTICUKOL'OGY,  Meleoro/<,ff"i(i,  from  //£- 
Ttu>(<us,  (iiirtii,  and  aitopcta,  'I  lift  up,')  'a  meteor,' 
iiTuI  ^oyii,  'a  ilisoouri^o.'  The  science,  whose  ob- 
ject is  a  knowleili;c  of  the  orii;in,  formation,  ap- 
jiciriince,  Ac.  of  meteors.  The  state  of  the  at- 
mosphere has  a  most  important  bearing  upon 
the  health  of  animals.  I'ivery  epidemic  afiec- 
tion  has  its  causes  seated  there.  Meteorolo- 
piral  conditions  have,  hence,  ever  been  attended 
to  liy  the  physician  for  the  purpose  of  dc- 
tectinij  the  precise  character  of  any  particular 
cpidiMnic  influence.  The  barometer,  thermometer, 
and  liyi;i()ineter  are  the  instruments  used  with 
this  intent — to  detect,  as  well  the  varying  wei<j;ht 
or  pressure,  and  the  temperature,  as  the  moisture. 
Purhnps,  of  the  three  conditions,  the  last  exerts 
more  influence  in  the  production  of  disease  than 
cither  of  the  others.  Our  knowledge,  however, 
oC  this  part  of  physics  is  extremely  limited  and 
unsatisfactory. 

MWTER,  jicrpov, '  a  measure.'  A  suffix  to  words 
denoting  'a  measure,'  as  in  Barometer,  Plexime- 
icr,  kc. 

MKTII.  A  prefi.x  to  terms.  Same  signification 
as  Mot  a. 

MKTI[.T;MACnYMrA,  Transfusion. 

METII.E'MATA;  from  metli,  and  'aiita,  'blood.' 
The  capillary  or  intermediate  system  of  vessels  in 
which  the  blood  undergoes  the  change  from 
venous  to  arterial,  and  conversely.  —  Marshall 
Hull.     See  Capillary  vessels. 

Ml-rniE,  Teniulcntia. 

MKTIII'IGLIN,  Melizomnm. 

MKTII KMERINUS,  Quotidian. 

MKTIIOI),  Meth'odiix,  from  meth,  and  'oSoq, 
'wiiy.'  This  word  has  different  acceptations  in 
tlio  sciences.  In  medicine,  cnrntire  method, 
iiiith'udna  meden'di,  is  the  methodical  treatment 
of  disease. 

Mkthod  op  CotTNTiNO,  Method,  numerical — m. 
Mariano's,  see  Lithotomy. 

Mk.tuoi),  Numeh'ical,  Method  of  Ohservation 
or  (if  CoiiiitliHf,  of  Louis,  (F.)  Mfthode  numeriqtie, 
consists  in  observing  every  case  and  every  symp- 
tom of  a  e;\^Q  numerically,  so  as  to  ensure,  as  far 
as  practicable,  accuracy  of  observation ;  and  to 
enable  us,  by  the  analysis  and  C(dlation  of  such 
fiuHs,  to  deduce  general  laws  and  conclusions. 
Also,  the  application  of  numbers  to  the  study  of 
disease.     See  Statistics,  medical. 

MKTITODE  NUMERIQUE,  Method,  nume- 
riciil,  Stntistics,  medical  —  m.  Pertiirhntrlce,  Per- 
tnrhatrix  (Medicina) — m.  Stibio-dermiqne,  see 
Un<;\ionluin  antimonii. 

MirniODIOS,  Methodist!!. 

MKrilOniQUES,  Methodists. 

.AIETll'ODISTS.  Methnd'ic'd  sect,  Method'hs, 
(F. )  MelhiiiUxtPH,  Methoiliqnes.  Same  etymon. 
A  sci't  of  physicians  whose  doctrine  was  in  vogue 
nftcr  tii;it  of  the  Empirics  and  Dogmatists,  to- 
w.irds  the  end  of  the  first  century.  According 
to  the  Methodists,  of  whom  Themison  was  the 
ciiief.  almost  every  disease  is  dependent  on  con- 
traction or  relaxation  —  Hln'ctnm  or  laxiim.  To 
these  two  causes,  they  added  a  third  —  mixed  or 
coiiipniiiid — to  include  those  afl'ections  which  par- 
took of  the  two  characters.  The  doctrine,  me- 
dici'ii'i  mrihod'ica,  resembled,  in  some  respects, 
that  of  Hrown. 

METIIODOL'OGY  (MEDICAL),  Methodo- 
liij"iu  J/ed'ica,  from  ficdoSos, '  method,'  and  Xoyoi, 


'a  discourse.'  A  word  used,  by  the  French  more 
especially,  to  signify  method  afijilied  to  the  study 
of  any  science.  Medieal  3Iethodo/o,jy,  conse- 
quently, means  method  applied  to  the  study  of 
medicine. 

METIIODITS  CATALEPTICA,  see  Cataleptic 
—  m.  Celsiana,  see  Lithotomy  —  m.  Curatoria, 
Therapeutics. 

Methodits  Drpivato'ria.  The  derivative  or 
revellent  system  of  treatment. 

Methodus  Endhtoiat'ica  seu  E.vnERM'icA,  see 
Endcrmic  —  m.,  Franconiana,  see  Lithotomy  — 
m.  Guytoniana,  see  Lithotomy  —  m.  Medendi, 
Metho(l  of  cure.  Therapeutics. 

METIIOMA'NIA,  from  jacOv.  'drunkenness,' 
and  jxaviii,  'mania.'  An  irresistible  desire  for  in- 
toxicating substances.     Temulentia. 

METIIU,  see  Temulentia.  AVine. 

METIIYLE,  IIYDRATED  OXIDE  OF,  Spi- 
ritns  pyroxvlicus. 

METHYLENE,  BIIIYDRATE  OF,  Spiritus 
pyroxvlicus. 

METIIYSIS.  Temulentia. 

METHYSMUS.  Temulentia. 

METIIYS'TICUS,  from  iitdn,  'drunkenness.' 
Thiit  which  Ciuist's,  or  pertains  to,  drunkenness. 

M  E  T II Y  S  T  0  P  II Y  L '  L  U  M  G  L  A  U  C  U  M. 
A  South  African  plant.  Nut.  Ord.  Amyridaceae, 
an  infusion  of  whose  leaves  is  pleasant  to  the 
taste,  and  is  used  in  bronchitis,  asthma,  and  other 
thoracic  diseases.  With  the  Bushmen  and  others, 
it  is  a  favourite  beverage,  and  is  called  by  them 
BonrhjeHinansthee,  '  Bushman's  tea.'  It  is,  also, 
chewed. 

METIS.  Hybrid. 

METISSAGE,  Crossing. 

METODONTI'ASIS,  from  meta,  and  oiovuaais, 
'dentition.'     Faulty  development  of  the  teeth. 

METOPAGES,  Symphyocephalus. 

METOPANTRA,  Frontal  sinuses. 

METOPANTRAL'GIA,  from  ^irutnov  (ficTa, 
and  (u\J/.  'the  eye')  'the  forehead,'  avrpov,  'a  ca- 
vity,' and  aXyos,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the  frontal 
sinuses. 

M  E  T  0  P  A  N  T  R  I'T  I S,  Tnflammn'tw  oi'ninim 
frniita'linm,  from  metopantra,  and  itiH,  denoting 
inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  frontal 
sinuses. 

METOPTON,  Bubon  galbanura. 

METOPTUM.  Mesophryon. 

METOPODYXIA,  Neuralgia  frontalis, 

METOPOX,  Front,  Frontal  bone. 

METOPOS'COPY,  Metopo8cop'{a,ho'a\  fxtriD-nov, 
{(tcTa,  and  (i)\^,  'the  eye,')  'the  forehead,'  and 
oKUTttiv,  'to  view.'  The  art  of  knowing  the  tem- 
perament and  character  of  a  person  by  inspect* 
ing  the  traits  of  his  forehead  or  face.  Sec  Phy- 
siognomy. 

METRA.  ixvTon,  Uterus. 

METRiE,  Secundines. 

M ETR.EM 0 R RH A GIA ,  Metrorrh agia. 

METR^JIORRIIO'I'DES,  from  metra,  and 
'aifioppothi,  '  hemorrhoids.'  Hemorrhoids  or  va- 
ricose veins  at  the  orifice  of  the  uterus. 

METRAL'GIA,  3fetrodi/n'ia,  from  metra,  and 
uXyoc,  'pain.'     Pain  in  the  uterus. 

METRAXiE'.MIA,  from  metra,  and  aneemia. 
An  anaemic  condition  of  the  uterus. 

METRANASTROPHE,  Uterus,  inversion  of 
the. 

METRANEURYSMUS,  Metreurysma. 

METRATRE'SIA.  Imperforn'tin  v'teri,  from 
metra,  and  nrnriata,  '  imperforation.'  An  unnatu- 
ral closure  of  the  uterus. 

METRATROPII'IA,  from  me/m,  a, 'privative.' 
and  rpo^r/,  'nourishment.'  Atrophy  or  want  of 
development  of  the  uterus. 

METR.AUX'E,    Jli/pertroph'ia    seu    Sarco'siB 


METRECTASIA 


592 


METllORRnAGIA 


it'teri,  from  metrn,  and  aii(i/,  '  increase.'  Hyper- 
trophy of  the  uterus. 

METRECTA'SIA,  from  metra,  and  cKracti,  'di- 
latation.'    Dihitation  of  the  womb. 

METRELCO'SIS,  Mftrhelco'ols,  from  metra, 
and  'cAkoj,  'an  ulcer.'     Ulceration  of  the  uterus. 

METREMPHRAX'IS,  from  metra,  and 
tji^paaaiii,  '  I  obstruct.'  Obstruction  of  the  womb 
or  of  the  vessels  of  the  womb  —  fn/arc'liw  u'teri. 
A  name  under  which  some  authors  have  con- 
founded chronic  inflammation  of  that  viscus,  and 
the  different  deirenenitions  to  which  it  is  exposed. 

METREMPIIYSEMA,  Physometra. 

METREN'CIIYTA,  Metren'dn/teK,  from  metra, 
and  eyy(vu),  'I  inject.'  Injection  of  the  uterus. 
Substances  injected  into  the  uterus  are  called 
Jletreu'chyta. 

METREURYS'MA,  Metraneurys'mns,  from 
metra,  and  tvpvi,  '  dilated.'  A  morbid  dilatation 
of  the  womb. 

METRHELCOSIS,  Metrelcosis. 

METRIIYMENITIS,  see  Metritis. 

METRIOPATIII'A,  from  ncrpios,  'tempered,' 
and  KixHos,  'affection.'  State  of  an  individual 
whose  passions  are  temperate. 

METRI'TIS,  from  metra,  and  itis,  denoting 
inflammation.  Febris  uteri'iia,  Hyuteri'tla,  Em- 
J)re8'mn  Hi/nteri'tia,  Ftiflamma'tio  U'teri,  Metro- 
phlogo'sis,  Inflammation  of  the  Uterus  or  Womb, 
(P.)  Inflammation  de  la  matrice.  The  charac- 
teristic symptoms  of  this  affection  are:  —  pain, 
swelling,  and  tenderness  in  the  hypogastric  re- 
gion ;  with  heat,  pain,  and  tenderness  of  the  os 
uteri;  vomiting,  smallness,  and  frequency  of 
pulse.  It  occurs  most  frequently  after  delivery, 
Lochometri'tis,  when  there  is  generally  suppres- 
sion of  the  lochial  discharge.  The  treatment 
must  be  vigorous, — bleeding  early,  so  as  to  make 
a  decided  impression  ;  followed  by  a  full  dose  of 
opium,  fomentations,  blisters,  &c. 

Acute  inflammation  of  the  womb,  seated  in  its 
internal  meinhT!ine,Endo-metri't>ii.3Ictrhymeni'ti8, 
Enmetri'tin,  has  been  called  Inflamma'tio  catar- 
rha'lis  u'teri  or  Acute  catarrh,  (F. )  Catarrhe 
nign,  of  that  viscus.  It  is  known  by  the  dis- 
charge of  a  clear,  stringy  fluid  per  varjinnm  ;  pre- 
ceded by  pains,  which,  from  the  hypogastric 
region,  shoot  to  the  thighs,  groins,  Ac,  with 
more  or  less  fever.  It  requires  the  antiphlogistic 
treatment.  Chronic  metritis  sometimes  succeeds 
the  acute.  To  it  must  be  referred  the  indura- 
tions, observed  in  the  uterus,  and  many  of  the 
leucorrheal  discharges  to  which  females  are 
subject. 

Metritis  Rhrumatica,  Metrorrheuma  —  m. 
Septica.  Metrocace — in.  Venosa,  see  Phlebitis. 

METROBEENNORRIICEA,  Leucorrhoea  uteri. 

METROHLENNOZEMIA,  Lcucorrhrea  uteri. 

METROBOTRYTES,  Cauliflower  excrescence 
of  the  uterus. 

METROCACE,  Metri'tis  sep'tiea,  from  metra, 
and  KOKo;,  'evil.'  Putrescency  or  gangrene  of 
the  uterus. 

METROCAMPSIS,  Ilysteroloxia. 

METROCARCINO'MA,  Byxteroearcino'ma, 
U'teri  carciuo'ma,  Cancer  u'teri,  from  metra,  and 
KapKivMna,  'cancer.'     Cancer  of  the  uterus. 

METROCATARRIIUS,  Leucorrhoea  uteri. 

METROCELE,  Ilysterocele. 

METROCELIDES,  Najvus. 

METROCHOLO'SIS,  from  metra,  and  xo^o;, 
'bile.'      Felirin  pnerpera'liH  biUo'sa. 

METRODYNIA,  Metralgia. 

METROILE'MIA,  Ili/permetrnhemie,  from  me- 
tra, and  'aifia,  'blood.'  Hyperaemia  or  conges- 
ti.m  of  blood  in  the  uterus. 

METROHEMORRHAGE,  Metrorrhagia. 

METROLEUCORRIICEA,  Leucorrhoea  uteri. 

METROLOXIA,  Ilysteroloxia. 


METROMALACOMA.  Ilystcromalacia, 

METROMALACOSIS,  Ilystcromalacia. 

MKTROMANIA,  Nymphomania. 

METROMY'ZEUS,  from  metra,  and  ^^,*,  'I 
suck.'  An  e.\hausting  syringe,  to  bo  applied  to 
the  OS  uteri,  for  exhausting  tho  womb  in  cases  of 
amenorrhoea. 

METRONCUS,  Ilysteroncus. 

METROPARAL'YSIS,  from  metra,  and  Trapa- 
Xvais,  'paralysis.'     Paralysis  of  the  uterus. 

METROPATIII'A,  from  vietra,  and  ttuOoj,  'af- 
fection.'     An  afiection  of  the  womb. 

METRO-PEItlTONlTE    PUERPERALE, 

see  Perit(mitis. 

METROPERITONI'TIS,  from  metra,  and 
'peritonitis.'  Injiamnia'tio  u'teri  et  perilona'i. 
Inflnmmation  of  the  uterus  and  peritoneum. 
Puerperal  Fever.     See  Peritonitis. 

METROPHLEBI'TIS,  from  metra,  ^X^,  "a 
vein,  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  veins  of  the  uterus. 

Metrophlebitis  Pueri'eualis,  see  Phlebitis 

METROPHLOGOSIS,  Metritis. 

METROPHTIII'SIS,  Phthi'sis  uteri' na,  from 
metra,  and  <pdiu),  'I  consume.'  Consumption  from 
ulceration  of  the  uterus — Ul'cera  seu  JIeku'si» 
u'teri. 

METROPHYMA,  Ilysteroncus. 

METROPLETHO'RA,  Metrypera'min,  from 
metra,  and  nXtjOupa,  'fulness.'  Congestion  or  hy- 
pericmia  of  the  uterus. 

METROPOL'YPUS,  Ilys'tero-pol'ypus,  Poly, 
pus  U'teri,  from  metra,  and  jiolyjjus.  Polypus 
of  the  uterus. 

METROPROPTOSIS,  Prolapsus  uteri. 

METROPTOSIS,  Prolapsus  uteri. 

METRORRnAG"IA,  3Ietrmmorrha(,"ia,  H(B- 
morrhagia  uteri'un  seu  u'teri,  Sin>guifl)ix'us  \tte- 
ri'nus,  Saii'gninis  stillicid'inm  ab  U'tero,  Fluor 
uteri'ni  saii'gninis,  Proflu'viiim  San'giiinis  ex  u'te- 
ro, Hysterorrhag"ia  sanguin'ea,  JJyalerorrhoe'n, 
Hmntorrhve'a  uteri'na  (of  some),  Menorrhny"ia 
(of  some),  Hctniatome'tra,  Hamatoiiin'tni,  Uterine 
Hemorrhage,  Hemorrhage  from  the  Womb,  Metro- 
hemorrhage,  (F.)  Hemorrhagie  de  la  Matrice, 
Pertes,  Pertes  uterines  rouges,  P.  de  muig  ;  from 
metra,  and  pnyvvjii,  'I  break  forth.'  An  effusion 
of  blood  from  the  inner  surface  of  the  uterus, 
either  at  the  menstrual  or  other  periods;  but  in 
a  greater  quantity  than  proper.  Uterine  hemor- 
rhage may  be  caused  by  those  influences  which 
produce  hemorrhage  in  general.  It  happens, 
however,  more  frequently  during  pregnancy,  and 
during  or  after  delivery,  when  the  vascular  sys- 
tem of  the  uterus  is  so  circumstanced  as  to  fa- 
vour its  occurrence  more  than  at  other  periods. 
The  termination  of  metrorrhagia  is  usually  fa- 
vourable. Should  it,  however,  be  very  copious, 
or  frequently  recur;  or  should  it  happen  to  a 
great  extent  after  delivery,  death  may  take  place 
very  speedily  ;  and,  in  some  cases,  wihout  the  dis- 
charge being  perceptible;  constituting  internal 
hemorrhage. 

Uterine  hemorrhage  may  be  active  or  passive; 
requiring  obviously  a  different  treatment.  The 
main  management  is  similar  to  that  of  hemor- 
rhage in  general; — the  horizontal  posture;  acid 
drinks;  free  admission  of  cool  air;  cold  applica- 
tions to  the  loins,  thighs,  and  abdomen;  injection 
of  cold  water,  even  of  iced  water,  into  the  viigina; 
plugging  the  vagina,  so  as  to  prevent  the  dis- 
charge ^)er  vaginam,  and  thus  induce  a  coagulum 
in  the  mouths  of  the  bleeding  vessels.  Such  will 
be  the  special  plan  adopted  where  the  hemorrhage 
has  occurred  in  one  not  recently  delivered.  In 
uterine  hemorrhage  after  delivery,  the  same  cool- 
ing ))lan  must  be  followed  ;  but,  as  the  flow  of 
blood  is  owing  to  the  uterus  not  contracting  so 


METRORRIIEUMA 


69: 


MICROPODIA 


as  to  cnnstrinKO  its  vessels,  pressure  must  be 
made  on  the  aUilonien  to  aiil  this;  and,  if  neces- 
sary, the  hand  must  be  introdueod  into  the  uterus 
to  stiiriuiate  it  to  contraction.  Should  the  female 
be  excessively  reduced,  so  as  to  render  the  accou- 
cheur aiiprehensive  that  she  may  expire  from  loss 
of  blood,  l)randy  may  be  exhibited.  The  profuse 
exhibiiiim  of  opium  in  such  cases  is,  at  least,  a 
doubtful  plan. 

Transfusion  has,  at  times,  been  practised  as  a 
last  resource. 

METROKRTIEU'MA,    RheHmntin'mm    U'teri, 
nysleidl';/!"  rlietuiifit'ica  sou  cnlnrrhn'lii,  jlfetri'- 
tls    rheniiKil'icd,    (F.)    Rhnnuithme    de    I'litents; 
from  mctra,  and  pcvjia,  'defiuxion,'  'rheumatism.' 
Rheumatism  of  the  uterus. 
MHTIIOKRHKXIS,  Uterus,  rupture  of  the. 
MKTKORRIKE'A,    from    wetm,   and    pcu,    'I 
flow.'     A  protracted  discharge  of  any  fluid  from 
the  uterus. 
MKTROSALPINX,  Tube,  Fallopian. 
METROSCIR'RIIUS,    Ili/steroacii-'rhus,    Sdr- 
rhiii  seu  (■iircino'inn  u'teri,  from  mr.tra,  and  (7/ctp- 
puj,  'scirrhuH.'     Scirrhus  of  the  uterus. 
METROSCOLIOMA.  llysteroloxia. 
MET'ROSCOPE,  Jletroscnp'inm,  from   metra, 
and  (TKOTtu),  'to  view.'     An  instrument,  invented 
by  M.  Niiuche,  for  listening  to  the  sounds  of  the 
heart  of  the  foetus,  in  utero-gestation,  when  the 
sounds  and  movements  are  imperceptible  through 
the  parietcs  of  the  abdomen.     The  extremity  of 
the  instrument — the  first  notion  of  which  was 
given  to  M.  Nauche  by  the  stethoscope  of  Laen- 
nec  —  is  introduced  into  the  vagina  and  applied 
against  the  neck  of  the  uterus. 
METROSIDEROS  GUMMIFERA,  see  Kino. 
METROSTKRE'SIS,  from  niplni,  and  aTenrjan, 
'privation.'     Extirpation    of   the   uterus.     Want 
of  uterus. 

METROSYNIZB'SrS,   iri/nterfisi/nize'sh,  from 
metrn,nntl  cvmtliiai;,  'running  together.'     Morbid 
union  (if  tiic  uterus  to  adjacent  parts. 
METRO  TOME,  Hysterotomus. 
METROTOAIIA,  Cesarean  section. 
M ET R YP E R.EMI A,  iMetroplethora. 
METRYPEK.;ESTHESIS,seoUterus,irritable. 
MEU,  iEthusa  meum. 
MErLIERE,  Molar. 

MEUM,    yEthusa    meum  —  ra.    Anethifolium, 
iEthusa    meum  —  m.    Athamanticum,    .^thusa 
meum. 
MEURTRFSSURE,  Contusion. 
•      MEVIUM,  Syphilis. 
MEZEA,  (Jonital  organs. 
MEZEREON,  Daphne  mezereum. 
MEZEKEUM  ACETATUM,  see  Daphne  me- 
zereum. 
MI  A  MM  A,  Miasma. 
MIANSrS,  Miasma. 
MIARIA,  Miasma. 

MIAS'MA,  Jfinsm,  niaana,  'a  stain,'  from  fitai- 
vu,  'I  contaminate.'  Jliain'ma.  J/ian'si's,  Mi'a'ria, 
^fiaa'mKii,  luqniitnmen'tiim,  Jfolyii'sis,  Conta'r/inni. 
The  word  miasm  has,  b_v  some,  been  employed 
synonymously  with  contagion.  It  is  now  used 
more  definitely  for  any  emanation,  either  from 
the  bodies  of  the  sick,  or  from  animal  and  vege- 
table substances,  or  from  the  earth,  especially  in 
marshy  districts,  (Mar/ih  poison,  Efflu'viinn  pn- 
liti'tre,  Gan  pn/iin'tre,  (F.)  Iiiloxirntioii  den  J/a- 
rnis,)  which  may  exert  a  morbid  influence  on 
those  who  are  exposed  to  its  action.  To  these 
terrestrial  emanations — the  Koino-mian'mcita  of 
Dr.  E.  Miller,  of  New  York  —  the  Italians  give 
the  name  nrin  cattira,  but,  more  commonly,  mn- 
liria  ('bad  air') ;  a  word  which  has  been  adopted 
into  other  languages.  The  deleterious  effluvia, 
originating  from  the  decomposition  of  matter  de- 
3S 


rived  from  the  human  body,  have  been  called  by 
Dr.  Miller,  Idiomidn'mata ;  the  epithets  Koino 
and  Idio  being  derived  respectively  from  koivo^, 
'common,'  and  liioi,  'personal.'  Of  the  miasms 
which  arise  either  from  the  animal  body  or  from 
the  most  unhealthy  situations,  we  know,  chemi- 
cally, notJiing.  All  that  we  do  know  is,  that, 
under  such  circumstances,  emanations  take  place, 
capable  of  causing  disease  in  many  of  those  who 
are  exposed  to  their  action. 

MIASMAT'IC,    Midsmot'iciin.      Belonging   or 
relating  to  miasmata.     Sauvages,  in  his  classifi- 
cation of  diseases  according  to  their  etiology,  has 
a  class  under  the   name  Morhi  miniinxit' ici.     A 
fever  that  arises  from  marshy  miasms,  is  styled 
vifiln'rioiii,  pidv'dul,  Heloji'i/ra,  Helopyr'etus,  ifcc. 
MIASMUS,  Miasma. 
]\[fAUL ANTES,  see  Cotivuhionnaire. 
MICE  PANIS.  see  Triticum. 
MICATIO  CORDIS.  Svstole. 
MICIIE'LIA    CHAM'PACA,    Chmnpacn,    Mi- 
chelia  Txjampaca.      Oid.  Magnoliaceno.     An  Ori- 
ental tree,  much  prized  for  the  odour  and  beauty 
of  its  flowers.     The  oily  infusion  of  the  flowers 
is  employed  in  the  Moluccas  in  headache. 

MICIjE'TA.  a  medicine  used  by  Mesne  for 
arresting  hetnorrhage;  perhaps,  according  to 
Siebenhaar,  from  the  Arabic,  michnata,  '"proved 
by  experience." 

MICOSIS,  Frambnesia. 
MICRANATOMIA,  see  Anatomy. 
MICRANGIA,  Capillary  vessels. 
MICRENCEPITALIUM,  Cerebellum. 
MICRENCEPHALON,  Cretinism. 
MICRENCEPIIALUM,  Cerebellum. 
MICROCEPHALIA,  sec  Microcophalus. 
MICROCEPII'ALUS,  Mikroeeph'ohis,  Micro, 
cra'iiiiis,  from  micron,  and  KC(paXt),  'head.'     One 
who  has  a   small    bead.     A   monster   having   a 
small  imperfect  head,  or  a  small  imperfect  cra- 
nium.    The   condition   is    called  MicrocephaV ia, 
Oroiiionteiio'sin.     With  some  it  means  Idiotism. 
MICROCORIA,  Myosis. 

MI'CROCOSM,  Mirrocos'jniit.  from  micros,  and 
Kocrjjtoi,  'world.'  A  little  world.  Some  philoso- 
phers have  given  this  appellation  to  man,  whona 
they  consider  as  the  epitome  of  all  that  is  ad- 
mirable in  the  world.  The  world  they  call  Ma'- 
crocosm. 

MICROCOPMETOR,  Vital  principle. 
MICROCOSM'ICA  MACIII'NA.     The  organ- 
ism of  man. 

MiCROCOSMiCA  Scir5NTiA,  Physiology. 
MiCROCOSMiciTM  Sal,  with  the  ancients  meant 
the  salts  of  the  urine, — Sol  uri'iicg. 

MICROCOSMOGRAPIIIA,  Physiology. 
MICROCOIIST'IC,  Jficrocits'ticiis,  from  wn'cro*, 
I  and  oKovu),  'I  hear.'  This  word,  as  well  as  3I{- 
croph'onoiis,  {row  fiticpoi,  '  small,' and  ^wvi;,  'voice,' 
means  any  thing  that  contributes  to  increase  the 
intensity  of  sound — as  the  speaking  trumpet — by 
collecting  the  sonorous  rays. 

MICROCRANIUS,  Microcephalus. 
MICROGLOS'SIA,  from  micros,  and  yXtaaaa, 
'tongue.'     Original  smallness  of  tongue. 
MICROLEUCONYMPII^A,  Nymphaea  alba. 
MICROLOtiY',  see  Microscopy. 
MICROM'ELUS,  Ilemim'eles,  from  micros,  and 
ficKoi,  'a  limb.'     A  monster  having   imperfectly 
developed  extremities. 

MICROMMATUS,  Microphthalraus. 
MICROPIIONOUS,  Microcoustic. 
MICROPHTIIAL'MUS,    Microm'mat„s,    from 
micros,  and  oii^iiXiioi,  'eye.'     One  who  has  small 
eyes.     A  monster  with  two  .'mall,  or  imperfectly 
developed  eyes.     A  small  eye, — Ophthahnid'ium, 
OphthnTmiiiiii. 
MICROPODIA,  Micropus. 


MICROPROSOPUS 


504 


MILK 


MTrROPROSO'PUS,  Aprono'pus,  from  niicron, 
and  TpixTWToi/,  'face.'  A  monster  in  which  a  part 
of  tlie  face  is  absent. 

MrCIlOPUS,  from  micros,  and  rouy,  'foot.' 
One  who  has  small  feet.     The  condition  is  called 

M;rroi>o,l'!,i. 

MI'CROPYLE,  Jflcrop'yhim,  from  micron,  and 
TruX>7,  '!;'ate.'  An  openin<r  in  the  epi.sj)erm  of 
."seeds,  through  whi<^h  the  fecundating  pollen  en- 
ters the  ovule  to  fecundate  it.  It  has  been  sup- 
posed, that  such  a  mieropyle  exists  in  the  human 
ovule. 

MICROR'CniDES,  from  micros,  and  opx'S,  'a 
testicle.'     They  who  have  very  small  testicles. 

MICROS.  ittKi>oi,  -little,'  as  in 

MI'CROSOOPY,  Hicroscop'iiim ;  from  micros, 
and  BKOTrri,  'a  view.'  Observation  bj'  the  niicro- 
.«cope;  an  important  agency  in  the  examination 
(if  the  healthy  and  morbid  tissues.  A  description 
of  the  results  of  such  observation  is  3Iicro()'rit- 
pln/.  Microlog}/  is  often  used  with  the  same  sig- 
nification, and  for  a  treatise  on  the  microscope 
and  the  results  of  microscopy. 

MIOUOSOMTA.  Nanosom'ia. 

MICROSPHYC'TUS.  Same  etymon  as  the 
next.     One  who  has  a  small  pulse. 

^IICROSPHYX'IA,  from  micros,  and  cipvy/xos, 
'pulse.'     Smallness  or  weakness  of  pulse. 

MICROSPORON  AUDOUINI,  see  Porrigo 
ilecalvans — ni.  Furfur,  see  Chloasma — m.  Jlenta- 
grophytes,  Mentagrophyte. 

MICROS'TOMUS;  from  vn'cros,  and  aro/xa, 
'mouth.'     One  who  has  a  small  mouth. 

MiCROTE'SIA,  Par'tium  orgfiiiica'rum  pnr'- 
riliis  worho'sa ;  from  /itKpoTri;,  'smallness.'  Mor- 
bid smallness  of  organic  parts. 

MICROTRAPEZIA,  Leptotrophia. 

MICROTRICIi'IA;  from  micros,  and  5p(f, 
'hair.'     Fineness  or  shortness  of  hair. 

MICROTROPIIIA,  Leptotrophia. 

MICTIO,  Micturition  —  m.  Cruenta,  Ilxmatu- 
ria — m.  Inopi)ortuna,  Enuresis — m.  Involuntaria, 
Enuresis — in.  Sanguinea,  IIa[)maturia. 

MIVTIOiV.  Micturition. 

MrCTURIT"ION,  MIc'tio,  Mictus,  Ure'^is, 
Uri'nuis,  Oniiche'sis,  (F.)  Miction,  Action  <le 
pisser,  from  nricliirio,  and  miiigere,  mictuui,  '  I 
make  water.'  The  act  of  making  water — Urinn'- 
tion.  Also,  morbid  frequency  of  passing  the 
■water. 

MICTUS,  Micturition  —  m.  Cruentus,  Ilaema- 
turia. 

MIDRIFF,  Diaphragm. 

MIDWIFE,  from  mio,  'with,'  and  pip,  'wife.' 
or,  from  mis,  'meed,'  'recompense,'  and  pip, 
'wife.'  Mittro'na,  Uhstet'rix,  Hijpore'tria,  M(pii, 
Mmos,  J/cKii'tria,  Accs'toris,  Acis'tris,  Aces'tria, 
(Sc.)  Iloiidij,  fProv.)  Grocc-wi/c,  Hniitlwomaii, 
Jlcnrhwoniaii,  IJoiV(Ii/-ioi/e,  (F.)  Soije  femme,  Ac- 
eoKchciisc.     A  female  who  practises  obstetrics. 

.MIDWIFERY,  Obstetrics. 

M I KL,  Mel — m.  d' AccUitc  de  Ciiirre,  Linimen- 
tum  ieruginis — m.  liorntc,  Mel  boraeis — m.Drpnre, 
Mel  despuiiiatum — ni.  DcspHine,  Mel  despumatum 
—  m.  Medii-iiin!.  Mellitum  —  ni.  Ifcrcirrinle  coiii- 
jiosp,  Mellitum  de  niercuriali  compositum. 

MIEUTER.  Accoucheur. 

MKJMA.  Mi^tara. 

M  1(1  It  MX R.  Ilemiorania. 

MKJRANA.  Ileinicrania. 

Mid  I!  ATI  ON  DU  f.AMnEAU,  see  Flap. 

MIKANIA   (MIACO.  (iuaco. 

MIKROCEPIIALtIS,  Microcephalus. 

jM/L.  Panicnm  iniliaceum. 

MILFOIL.  Achillea  millefolium. 

MITJAIliE.  Miliary,  Miliary  fever. 

MILIARIA,  I\Iiliary  fever  — m.  Sudans,  Mi- 
liary fever — m.  Sudatoria,  Miliary  fever. 


MILIARIS  SUDATORIA,  Sudor  nnglicus,  S 
picardicus. 

MIL'IARY,  Milia'ris,  (F.)  Miliaire;  from 
milium,  '  millet.'  Resembling  millet  seed — hence 
miliars/  fever,  viitinri/  glands,  <fec. 

MlLlAKY  Fevku,  Eiii'phljisis  miliu'rin,  Mllii,'. 
ris,  Miliitriii,  M.  sndniis  seu  siidnto'rin,  Sm/nr 
S.  milia'ris,  /'/ip'iil'i  milia'ris,  A'j-aiithe'mu  iiiili. 
arid,  Si/ii'orhns  miliaria,  Aspre'do  viilia'cin 
Febris  milia'ris  seu  essero'sa  seu  pinirticida'rii 
seu  ciiliciila'ris  seu  vcsicula'ris  seu  Icnticiila'ris 
seu  piirj»ira'te  ridira  et  alba  milia'ris,  /'ur'tmnt 
piicrpera'ntm,  P.  milin'ris,  J'ap'idcp,  siido'ris 
Millet  sped  rash,  (F.)  Miliaire,  Millol,  Poinpre 
blanc,  Millet.  It  is  so  called  from  the  eniplidn 
resembling  the  seed  of  the  milium  or  »«///<•(. 
Fever,  accompanied  by  an  eruption  of  sniall,  red, 
isolated  pimples,  rarely  confluent,  but  aliiidst 
always  very  numerous,  slightly  raised  above  the 
skin,  and  presenting,  at  the  end  of  24  hours,  a 
small  vesicle  filled  with  a  white  transpnre?it 
fluid;  which  quickly  dries  up,  and  separates  in 
the  form  of  scales.  Miliary  fever  is  now  rare,  in 
consequence  of  the  cooling  practice  in  fevers  and 
other  states  of  the  system.  It  is  almost  always 
brought  on  by  external  heat,  and  hence  the  pre- 
vention is  obvious.  The  treatment  is  siuipie.  It 
requires  merely  the  antiphlogistic  regimen,  in 
ordinary  cases. 

MiLiAUY  (J LANDS,  Sebaccous  glands— m.  Gran- 
ulations or  Tubercles,  see  Granulation. 

MILII  SEMINA,  Panicum  Italieum. 

MILIOLUM.  Diminutive  of  milium,  'millet.' 
Cenchrid'ion.  A  small  tumour  on  the  eyelids, 
resembling,  in  size,  a  millet-seed. 

MILITARIS  HERBA,  Achillea  millefolium. 

MIL'ITARY,  Milita'ris,  from  miles,  wilitis,{¥.) 
3/ilit((ire,  'a  soldier.'  Pertaining  to  a  soldier  or 
an  army — as  '  3lilitary  medicine,'  Mediriiia  mili- 
ta'ris, (F.)  Medecine  militaire;  and  3lilitary  siir- 
grri/,  C/iirur'gin  milita'ris,  (F.)  Chiriirijie  mili- 
taire. Medicine  and  surgery  applicable  to  the 
soldier. 

MILIUM,  Grutum,  Panicum  miliaceurn,  see 
Hydatid — m.  Esculentum,  Panicum  miliaceiiin — 
m.  Indicum,  Panicum  Italieum  —  m.  Pauicmn, 
Panicum  miliaceurn  —  m.  Solis,  Lithosperuiuin 
ofiicinale. 

MILK,  Sax.  melc,  Lac,  Ooln,  Humor  Inc'teut, 
Latex  ni'veus,  (F.)  Lait.  A  fluid  secreted  by  the 
mammnry  glands  of  the  females  of  the  inaininnlin. 
The  skiinmetl  milk  of  the  cow,  (F.)  L'litde  Vochf, 
contains  water,  caseous  matter,  traces  of  butter, 
sugar  of  milk,  chloride  of  sodiuui,  phosphate, 
and  acetate  of  potassa,  lactic  acid,  lactate  of  iron, 
and  earthy  phosphate.  The  cream  is  formed  of 
butter,  casein,  and  whey,  in  which  there  is  sugar 
of  milk  and  salts.  When  examined  by  the  micro- 
scope, milk  is  seen  to  contain  a  large  number  of 
particles,  of  irregular  size  and  shape,  varying 
from  T2-(fnth  to  jo^iryth  of  an  inch  in  diameter. 
They  consist  of  oily  matter,  surrounded  by  a 
delicate  pellicle,  and  are  the  mill,-  globules. 

Cow's  milk  is  emj)loyed  for  the  preparation  of 
cream,  butter,  cheese,  whey,  sugar  of  milk,  and 
frangipane.  It  is  useful  in  a  number  of  cases  nf 
poisoning;  either  by  acting  as  a  demulcent,  or 
by  decomposing  certain  poisons,  or  by  combining 
with  others  so  as  to  neutralize  them.  It  is  con- 
stantly employed  as  aliment,  and  may  be  regarded 
as  an  emulsion  in  which  butter  and  casein  are 
found  ill  suspension.  AVhen  taken  into  the  pIo- 
mach.  it  is  coagulated  by  the  gastric  fluids,  and 
the  coaguhim  is  digesttd  like  any  other  solid. 
The  watery  parts  are  absorbed. 

Detweeii  milk,  flour,  and  blood,  there  is  great 
similarity  of  composition.  T^ie  following  table 
is  given  by  Dr.  Robert  Dundas  Thomson: 


MILK 


G95 


MILLIMETRE 


MOk. 


Curd  or  Casein 


Butter. 
Sugar . 


Flour. 
Fibrin, 
Albumen, 
Casein, 
Gluten, 


f  Sugar,        1 
I  Starch,      J 


1-       Do. 


Chloride  of  potassium, 

sodium. 

Phosphate  of  soda, 

. lime, 

. magnesia, 

iron. 


From  a  considerable  number  of 
Messrs.  Deycux  and    Parmenticr 
kiiuls  of  tnilk,  which   they  examin 
to  the  following  tabic,  as    regards 
quantity  of  materials  they  contain. 


Bhind. 
Fibrin, 
Albumen, 
Casein, 
Colouring 
matter. 
Fat. 

Sugar. 


Do. 


experiments, 
class  the  six 
ed,  according 

the    relative 


Casein. 

nuttrr. 

Stifinr  of 
Milk: 

Scrum. 

Goat 

Sheep 

Cow 

Ass 

Woman 

Mare 

Sheep 

Cow 

Goat 

Woman 

Ass 
Mare 

Woman 

Ass 
Mare 

Cow 
Goat 
Sheep 

Ass 

Woman 

Mare 

Cow 
Goat 
Sheep 

Mrr,K  Absckss,  Mastodynia  apostematosa. 

Milk,  Almond,  Emulsio  amygdalae. 

Milk  and  Soda  Watku.  An  agreeable  mode 
of  taking  milk  in  cases  where  it  lies  heavily  on 
the  stomach.  Heat,  nearly  to  boiling,  a  teacup- 
fnl  of  milk  ;  dissolve  in  it  a  teaspoonful  of  siiyor, 
put  it  into  a  large  tumbler,  and  pour  over  it  two- 
thirds  of  a  bottle  of  so<la  vxiter. 

Mli,K,  AssKs',  (F.)  Liiit  d'AncHKe,  considerably 
resembles  human  milk,  of  which  it  has  the  con- 
sistence, smell,  and  taste  :  but  it  contains  a  little 
less  cream,  and  more  soft,  caseous  matter.  It  is 
often  used  by  those  labouring  under  pulmonary 
affections. 

Artljin'al  Asuen'  Milk,  may  be  made  by  taking 
(//■liiliii  ^ss;  dissolving  it,  by  the  aid  of  heat,  in 
bitrlei/  witter  Oij  ;  adding  refined  mit/nr  ^]  ;  pour- 
ing into  the  mixture  new  milk  Oj  ;  and  beating 
the  whole  with  a  whisk. 

It  may  also  be  prepared  by  dissolving  siirjar 
of  milk  ^\]  in  tepid  skimmed  cow's  milk  Oj. 

iMri.K  Blotch,  Porrigo  larvalis  —  m.  Crust, 
Poriigo  larvalis. 

Milk,  Ewks',  (F.)  Lnit  de.  Brehia.  It  affords 
more  cream  than  cows'  milk;  but  the  butter  is 
softer.  The  cnseuni,  on  the  contrary,  is  fatter, 
and  more  viscid.  It  contains  less  serum  than 
cow's  milk.  The  Roquefort  cheeses  are  made 
from  it. 

Milk  Fbver,  see  Fever,  milk  —  m.  Glass, 
Brc;ist  glass  —  m.  Glo'iules,  see  Milk. 

Milk.  Goats',  (F.)  Loit  de  Ohevre,  resembles 
cows'  milk  :  the  butyraccous  matter,  however, 
which  enters  into  its  composition,  is  more  solid 
tliiin  that  of  the  cow. 

.hfifiriiil  GiKtt'n  }filk  may  be  made  by  taking 
froh  »»f^  ^^j  ;  cutting  it  into  small  pieces:  tying 
it  in  a  muslin  bag.  large  enough  to  leave  the 
morsels  free  from  compression  :  and  boiling  in  a 
qiiiirt  of  ciiw'n  milk,  sweetened  with  a  quarter  of 
an  ounce  »f  white  mii/or  entidi/. 

Tsi'd  as  a  diet  in  scrofulous  cases,  and  also  in 
J'hllii^is. 

Milk.  (5i?kf.\,  Colostrum. 

Milk,  Human,  (F.)  Luit  de  fumme, — contains 


more  sugar,  milk,  and  cream,  and  less  caseura, 
than  cows'  milk.  Its  composition  differs  accord- 
ing to  the  distance  of  time  from  delivery. 

Milk  Knot,  Giduetd-ijau'ijlion  ;  (F.)  O'avglion 
hn'tcii.r.  The  knots  often  observed  in  the  breast 
after  inflammation  of  the  organ,  or  for  some  time 
after  the  suppression  of  the  secretion.  They 
generally  end  by  resolution. 

Milk  Lkg,  Phlegmatia  dolens. 

Milk,  Malks',  Sperm. 

Milk,  Mares',  (F.)  Lnit  de  Jiimcnt, — contains 
only  a  small  quantity  of  fluid  butyraceous  matter; 
a  little  caseum,  softer  than  that  of  cows'  milk,  and 
more  serum. 

Milk  Scall,  Porrigo  larvalis. 

Milk  Sickness,  »S'/<7,-  stomnch,  Swamp  fiickiienn, 
Tires,  Slotca,  Stiff  Joiiila,  Piikiiie/  fever.  River 
aickiieas.  A  disease  occasionally  observed  in  the 
States  of  Alabama,  Indiaiin,  and  Kentucky,  which 
affects  both  man  and  cattle,  but  chiefly  the  latter. 
It  is  attributed  in  cattle  to  something  eaten  or 
drunk  by  them ;  and  in  man  to  the  eating  of  the 
flesh  of  animals  labouring  under  the  disease. 
Owing  to  the  tremors  that  characterize  it  in  ani- 
mals, it  is  called  the  Trembles.     It  is  endemic. 

The  .symptoms  of  the  disease  are  such  as  are 
produced  by  the  acro-narcotic  class  of  poisons — 
vomiting,  purging,  extreme  nervous  agitation, 
<fec.  :  and  the  apjiroved  indications  of  treatment 
appear  to  be — gentle  emetics  and  laxatives,  with 
quiet,  and  mucilaginous  drinks. 

Milk,  Snakes',  Euphorltia  corollata. 

Milk,  Solid'ii-ied.  Milk,  to  which  little  less 
than  an  equal  weight  of  white  sugar  has  been 
added,  evaporated  to  dryness.  When  re-dissolved 
in  water,  it  has  all  the  qualities  of  fresh  milk, 
with  the  additional  quantity  of  sugar. 

To  milk,  evaporated  to  dryness,  MM.  Grimaud 
and  Galais  have  given  the  names  Lactoline  and 
Lrtcteiiie. 

Milk  Spots,  3fi(enl(p  <ilh(p,  Strophulus. 

i\IiLK  Stone,  Morochthus. 

Milk,  Sigah  of,  Sugar  of  milk. 

Milk  of  SuLPimit,  Sulphur  praecipitatura — m. 
Sweet,  Galium  verum. 

Milk  Teeth,  see  Dentition  —  m.  Thrush,  Aph- 
thae—  m.  Vetch,  Astragalus  verus  —  m.  Vetch, 
stemless,  Astragalus  exscapus — m.  Weed,  Apocy- 
nnmandrosaMuifoliuin,  Asclepias  Syriaca.  Euphor- 
bia corollata — m.  Weed,  long-leaved,  green, 
Accrates  longifolia — m.  Weed,  smooth,  Asclepias 
Sullivantii  —  in.  Wort,  bitter,  Polygala  amara — • 
m.  Wort,  common,  Polygala  —  m.  Wort,  dwarf, 
Polygala  paucifolia — m.  Wort,  rattlesnake,  Poly- 
gala. 

MILKWOMAN,  Nurse,  wet. 

MILKY,  Lactic. 

MILL  MOUNTAIN,  Linum  eatharticum. 

MILLEFEIILLE.  Achillea  millefolium  — nj, 
AqiKiiiiiiie.  Phcllnnilrium  aquaticum. 

MIL  L R-  FKVIL  L  E T.  Omasum. 

MILLEFOLIUAI,  Achillea  millefolium. 

MILLEMORBIA  SCROPHULARIA,  Scro- 
pbularia  nodosa. 

MILLEPEDES.  Onisci  aselli. 

MILLEEERTUIS  ORDINAIRE,  Hyperi- 
cum perfnrnturn. 

MILLET,  Aphthae.  Miliary  fever — m.  Barba- 
docs,  Paiiicum  Italicum  —  m.  Common,  Panicum 
niilinccuni  —  m.  Indian.  Panicum  Italicum — m. 
des  O/'.cff/i.r.  Panicum  Italicum  —  m.  Ordinaire, 
Panicum  miliaceum. 

MILLET-SKKD  RASH,  Miliary  fever. 

MILLIGRAMME,  from  mi/le,''n.  thousand,' 
and  yiiiifiua,  '  n.  gramme.'  The  thousandth  part 
of  a  grjimme: — about  0'01,')4  Trov  grain. 

MII-LIGRAXA,  Ilcrniaria  glabra. 

MILLIMETRE.  Millim'eter,  from  mille,  'a 
thousand,'    and   /iet,  or,    '  measure.'      The    thou- 


MIL  LOT 


59f5 


MISTURA 


sanJth  part   of  tlie  metre;  —  equal    to    0-03937 
English  inch,  or  about  two-fifths  of  a  line. 
MtLLOT.  Miliary  fever. 
MILPILE.  Madarosis. 
MILPIIOSIS,  Madarosis. 
MILT,  Melt,  Spleen. 

M[1,T-LIKE.  An  epithet  for  a  form  of  cancer, 
characterized  by  a  soft  pale  growth,  containing 
scarcely  any  blood  ;  —  so  called  from  its  resem- 
blance to  the  milt  of  fi  fish. 

Mii.T-LiKR  TuMOUK,  Encephaloid. 
MILTUS.  Plumbi  oxyduin  rubrum. 
MILTWASTE,  Asplenium. 
MIMOSA  CATECHU,  Catechu— m.  Cochlia- 
carpa,  see    Cortex  adstringens  Brasiliensis  —  m. 
Leucophlea,  see  Spirit  (Arrack)— m.  Nilotica,  see 
Acacite  gumrai  —  m.  Scandens,  Cachang-parang 
— m.  Senegal,  see  Senegal,  gum — m.  Virginalis, 
see  Cortex  adstringens  Brasiliensis. 

MIND,  ABSENCE  OF,  Aphelxia  socors  — m. 
Abstraction  of,  Aphelxia  inteuta  —  m.  Unsound, 
Insanity. 

MINERALTUM,  Antimoniura. 
MINER'S  ELBOW.  An  enlargement  of  a 
bursa  over  the  olecranon,  occurring  in  such  as 
are  in  the  habit  of  leaning  much  upon  it;  and, 
therefore,  often  seen  in  those  who  work  on  the 
side  in  low-roofed  mines. 

MIN'IM,  Min'iminn,  'the  least  part  or  portion.' 
The  00th  part  of  a  fluidraohm.  This  measure 
bas  been  introduced  by  the  London  College  of 
Physicians,  in  consequence  of  the  uncertainty  of 
the  size  of  the  drop,  (see  Gutta.)  The  subdivision 
of  the  wine  pint  has,  accordingly,  been  extended 
to  the  60th  part  of  the  fluidrachm;  and  glass 
measures,  called  "  miniin-ineasures,"  have  been 
adopteil  by  the  London  College.  The  proportion 
between  the  minims  and  the  drops  of  various 
fluid  preparations  is  exhibited  in  the  following 
table.  The  results  were  obtained  by  Mr.  Duraiid, 
a  skilful  pliarmncien  of  Philadelphia,  under  cir- 
cumstances, as  regards  the  different  articles,  as 
nearly  identical  as  possible. 

Table  of  the  Number  of  Drops  of  different 
Liquids  equivalent  to  a  Fluidrachm. 

Acid  Acetic,  crystallizable 120 

Acid  IIy<lrocyanic  (medicinal) 4.') 

Muriatic 54 

Nitric 84 

diluted  (1  to  7)  51 

Sulphuric 90 

aromatic 120 

diluted  (1  to  7) 51 

Alcohol  (rectified  Spirit) 138 

Alcohol,  diluted  (proof  Spirit) 120 

Arsenite  of  Potassa,  solution  of 57 

Ether,  Sulphuric 150 

Oils  of  Aniseed,  Cinnamon.  Cloves,  Pepper- 
mint, Sweet  Almonds.  Olives 120 

Tinctures  of  Asafoetida,  Foxglove,  Guaiae, 

Opium 120 

Tincture  of  Chloride  of  Iron 132 

Vinegar,  distilled 78 

of  Colchicum 78 

of  Opium  (black  drop) 7.S 

—of  Squill  78 

Water,  distilled 45 

Water  of  Ammonia  (strong) 54 

Do.             do.         (weak) 45 

Wine  (Teneriffe) 78 

Antimonial 72 

of  Colchicum 75 

of  Opium 78 

MINIiM'ETER ;  badly  compounded  from  wi- 
ttt'mvm  and  jjicTpov,  'measure.'  An  instrument  for 
ine.isuring  minims,  invented  by  Jlr.  Alsop.  It 
consists  ol' a  glass  tube,  graduated  from  the  coni- 


cal point  into  minims;  and  having  a  piston,  hj 
the  elevation  of  which,  fluid  may  bo  drawn  into 
the  tube,  and  by  its  depression  be  forced  from  it. 

MINIM  MEASURE.  A 
measure  for  the  divisions  of  a 
fluidrachm. 

MINIMUM,  Minim. 

MINISTER  GYMNASTiE, 
Psodotribes. 

MINITllOSIS,  Mciosis. 

MINIUM,  Plumbi  oxydum 
rubrum  —  m.  Grivcorum,  Ilj'- 
drargyri  sulphuretum  rubrum 
—  m.  Purum,  Itydrargyri  sul- 
phuretum rubrum. 

MINOR  HEL'ICTS.  A 
muscle  situate  on  the  posterior 
border  of  the  helix  of  the  ear, 
at  its  commencement  in  the 
fossa  of  the  concha. 

MINORATIVUS,  Laxative. 

MINT,    COCK,     Tanacetum     ...   . 
,    ,         .   '  /-I     1    1     m      .u        Blmim  measure, 

balsamita — m.  Curled,  Mentha 

crispa  —  m.  Cat,  Ncpeta  —  m.  Horse,  Miinnrtla 
coccinea  and  M.  punctata — m.  Horse,  hairy,  lile- 
philia  hirsuta — in.  Horse,  Ohio,  Blephilia  liirsuta 
— m.  Horse,  sweet.  Cunila  Mariana — in.  Hyssop- 
leaved,  Mentha  cervina. 

Mint  Julep.  A  drink,  consisting  of  brandy, 
sugar,  and  pounded  ice,  flavoured  hy  sprigs  of 
mint.     It  is  an  agreeable  alcoholic  excitant. 

Mint,  Mountain,  Monarda  coccinea — in.  Moun- 
tain, common,  Pycnanthemum  incanum — ni.  Pep- 
per, Mentha  piperita — m.  Spear,  Mentha  viridis 
—  m.  Squaw,  Iledeoma  —  m.  Stone,  Cunila  Mari- 
ana. 

Mint  Tra,  Infnsum  Menthae  viridis. 
Mint,  Water.  Mentha  aquatica. 
MINTllA,  Mint. 
MINUTHESIS,  Meiosis. 
MINYANTHES,  Menyanthes. 
MIOSIS,  Meiosis. 
MIRLES,  Rubeola. 
MIROCELE.  Merocele. 
MIRROT.  Daiicus  Carota. 
MISADIR,  Ammonia;  murias. 
MISANTHRO'PIA,  Mhim'thmpy,  Exitviho'. 
piit,  Phijp(inllir(j'}iia,   from   /uffof,   'hatred,'  and 
avSpionoi,  'man.'    Aversion  toman  and  society: — 
a  symptom  of  melancholy,  and  hypochondriasis. 
MISCARRIAGE.  Abortion. 
MISERERE  MEL  Ileus. 
MISH.ME  TEETA,  Coptis  teefa. 
MISMAR,  M<-xemnr.      A  name  given  by  Avi- 
cenna  to  a  kind  of  nodus,  which  forms  on  tlie 
toes  as  the  sequel  of  contusion  or  inflammation 
of  those  parts. 

MISOPTO'CHUS,    from    iJiaoi,   'hatre/1,'  nnd 
nrtDXog,  'poor.'     That  which  has  hatred  for  the 
poor.     The  gout  has  been  so  called  by  some,  be- 
cause it  commonly  affects  the  rich. 
MISSADAN,  Hvdrarsyrum. 
MISSIO  SANGUINIS,  Blood-letting. 
MISSISSIP'PI,    MINERAL   AVATERS   OF. 
C;np>-r'^  Well,  in   Hinds  County,  four  miles  from 
Raymond,  and  thirteen  from  Jackson,  is  a  sul- 
phuretted saline,  the  chief  constituents  being  the 
sulphates  of  soda  and  magnesia.    Of  the  solid  in- 
gredients upwards  of  3  per  cent,  are  of  peroxide 
of  iron.     The  waters  are  chiefly  used  in  chronic 
gastro-enteric  affections.    Ormn  Sprittr/K,  in  Jai-k- 
son  County,  is  an  acidulo-sulphureous  chalybeiite. 
MTSTIO.  Mistura. 

MISTLETOE,  Viscura  album  — m.  Yellowish, 
Viscum  flaveseens.  ^  . 

MISTU'RA,  in(ti.  Fiopntimn.Migmn.Mixli", 
JIfix'tio,  M!itn'rn,  Mf.rtnre ;  (F.)  Po/iV.n,  from 
vnxrevp,  mirtmi,  '  to  mix.'  A  mingled  compoun.l, 
in  which   different  ingredients  are  contained  in 


M  I S  T  U II A 


597 


MITRAL 


the  fluid  state  ;  suspended  or  not  by  means  of 
mucilaginous  or  sacfhjirine  matter.  In  this  sense, 
it  is  synonymous  witii  the  French  Potion.  In 
France,  however,  the  word  mirUtre  is  more  fre- 
quently understood  to  mean  a  liquid  medicine, 
wliicli  contains  very  active  substances,  and  can 
only  he  administered  hy  drops.  A  mixture,  in 
other  words,  in  the  French  sense,  may  be  regarded 
as  a  potion  dei)rived  of  watery  vehicle. 

MISTURA,  (S.)  A  friij;rant  yellow-coloured 
water,  used  as  a  perfume  by  the  ladies  of  Peru. 
It  is  prepared  from  gillyflower,  jasmine,  audy/or 
de  miitclrt  (Talinuni  umbellatum).  See  Campo- 
uianesia  lineatifolia. 

MisriniA  AcACi^:,  Mucilago  AeaciiB. 
MisTiiuA  Ac"ii)i  IIyduocyan'ici,  Mixture  of 
PniKsic  acid,  Melniii/e pi'ctor<(l  (Magendie).  (Me- 
dicinal pruHiiic  iicid,  ,^j,  distilled  water,  ^.xiv, 
pure  suijai;  ^iss.)  A  dessert-spoonful  every 
morning  and  evening,  as  a  jjcctoral,  &c. 

MlSTUUA  Ammoni'aci,  Lac  nmiiioniaci,  Mixture 
of  uiiiiiio'niac.  {Ammo7tia<\  ^'\j,  a>/iicB  Oss.  Rub 
the  auiinoniacum  :  adding  the  water  gradually  un- 
til they  are  perfectly  mixed.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose, 
fgss  to  5J. 

MiSTiinA  Amygdai,;e,  Emulsio  amygdalae. 
MiSTliHA  AsaFCE'tiDjE,  Lac  nsafwtidcB,  Emul- 
sio  iiiililii/iler'ica,  Mixture  of  axa/wtida,  (F.)  Lait 
d'oHii/dlida.  {AniafetidcB  Jj'.i)  "1'"^  Oss.  Hub 
together,  adding  the  water  by  degrees.  Ph.  U. 
S.)  Used  where  pills  cannot  be  swallowed,  and 
as  a  glyster  in  irritations  during  dentition,  and 
in  ascarides.     Dose,  f.^ss  to  f^iss. 

MisTiiKA  AsAFCETii)^  PRO  Clvsmate,  Eneiua 
fcetiduin. 

MisTiiUA  CAll'pnoilvE,  Aqua  camphorm  (Ph.  U. 
S.),  Camphor  mixture  or  julep,  Mistura  canqtho- 
ra'la,  Jida'pium  e  camphord  sen  caniphorntum, 
(F.)  Jiilej)  camphri.  (Camphor.  "^V],  alcohol.  V(\^x\, 
iiiaijiicK.  carl),  ^iv,  aqua  Oij.  Rub  the  camphor 
with  the  alcohol,  and  afterwards  with  the  mag- 
nesia, add  the  water,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
\'irtucs  like  those  of  camphor.  See  Emulsio 
caiii|ihor;r. 

MlSTiillA  CoilNtl  UsTI,  Decoc'fum  eornucervi'ni 
sou  album,  Decoction  if  burnt  hartiihorn,  3Iixture 
of  burnt  harlnhoni.  [Cornuum  list,  ^ij,  acacia: 
gum.  eont.  ,^j,  (iqucB  Oiij.  Boil  to  Oij,  constantly 
stirring,  and  strain.     Ph.  L.) 

MlSTtiRA  CnUASo'TF.  Cre'asote  mixture.  [Crea- 
gnt.,  Acid,  acetic,  aa  TTI  xvj,  Sp.  Jiinip.  comp.,Si/- 
rnp.,  aa  f,^j  :  AqucB  f.^xiv.  Mix  the  creasoteand 
the  acid;  add  gradually  the  water,  and  then  the 
syrup  aTid  spirit.  Ph.  E.)  A  fluidounce  con- 
tains a  minim  of  creasote. 

MlsTiriiA  CllKTyE.  Potio  carhonn'tis  calcis,  Mis- 
tura creta'eea,  Mucila'go  cret'ica.  Chalk  OT  Creta'- 
ceouH  mixture.  Chalk  julep,  (F.)  Mixture  de  Craic. 
(Cretce  pp.  ,^ss,  sacehar.,  acacits  ;/uni.  in  pulv., 
aii  ,^ij,  aqncB  cinnain.,  aqucB,  aii  f.^i^'-  Mix.  Ph. 
U.S.)  Antacid  and  absorbent.  Dose,  f.^j  to  f^ij. 
MisTiiKA  DiABoi/icA.  A  mixture  under  this 
name  is  kept  in  military  hospitals  for  malin- 
gerers. It  is  made  of  sundry  nauseous  ingre- 
dients, as  aloes,  asafoetida,  eastor,  &c.,  and  is 
given  so  as  to  keep  up  a  disagreeable  impression 
on  the  gustatory  nerves. 

iMiSTURA  Emeti'iN.e  Vomito'ria,  Emetic  mix- 
ture of  emetine.  (Emetine  4  gr.,  orange  flower 
water  ^^ij,  xyrup  ^^s3;  M.)  A  dessert-spoonful 
every  half  hour  till  it  acts. 

Mistura  Fkrui  Compos'ita,  Compound  mix- 
ture of  iron,  (F.)  Mixture  de  fer  compoHee,  Grif- 
jiilt't  mixture.  (.Myrrh,  cont.,  .^j,  potansm  earb. 
gr.  sxv,  aqu(F  route  f^viiss, /evrt  aulph.  in  pulv., 
Bj.  «y).  lavaud.  "^f^s,  sacehar.  ^'].  Rub  together 
the  myrrh,  svibcarbonate  of  potassa,  and  sugar; 
then  add,  while  triturating,  the  rose-water,  spirit 
of  nutmeg;   and,  lastly,  the   sul^jhate  of  iron. 


Pour  the  mixture  directly  into  a  glass  bottle,  and 
stop  it  close.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  tonic  .and  emme- 
nagogue,  and  is  useful  wherever  iron  is  indicated. 
Mlstura  Gr,YCYKRHi'zj5  Compos'ita,  Catn- 
pound  mixture  of  Liq'uorice,  Bruicn  Mixture, 
(Extract.  Glycyrrhiz.  pulv..  Acacia  pulv.,  ^V(c- 
char.,  aa  5-*'''')  'Pinct.  opii  caviphorat.  f.^ij  ;  17).- 
ai^timon.  t' ^']  ;  Spirit,  wther.  nitric,  f  ,^ss  ;  Aqucp, 
f^^xij.  Rub  the  liquorice,  gum  arable,  and  sugar 
with  the  water,  gradually  poured  upon  them  ; 
add  the  other  ingredients  and  mix.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
A  popular  cough  medicine,  but  not  deserving  of 
being  made  officinal.  Dose,  a  tablespoonful  or 
f.^ss. 

Mistura  Giiai'aci,  Mixture  of  guai'ac,  Lac 
guaiaci,  Emul'sio  yuaiaci'na,  Mistura  guaiaci 
gummo'sa  seu  guiunii  gua'iaci  Ber'geri,  Solu'tio 
guaiaci  gummo'sa  seu  resi'ncB  guaiaci  aquo'sa, 
(F.)  3Iixture  de  Guyac.  [Guaiuc.  g.  resin.  '^\ss, 
sacch.  pur.  J^'j,  muc.  acacicB  gum.  ^\),  aq.  cinnani. 
f  ^viij.  Rub  the  guaiacum  with  the  sugar;  then 
with  the  mucilage.  Add,  gradually,  the  cinna- 
mon water.     /'//.  />.)     Dose,  f.^ss  to  f,^ij. 

Mistura  Gumju  Guaiaci  liKnoEKi,  Mistur.T, 
Guaiaci — m.  Ilordei,  Decoctum  Ilordei  composi- 
tum — in.  Leniens,  Looch  ex  ovo. 

Mistura  Moschi,  M.  moscha'ta,  3fusk  mixture. 
(3lo8chi,  acacicegum.  contus.,  sacch.  purif,  sing. 
3i>  "'I-  '■'■'*«  f.^^j-  I^ub  the  musk  with  tho 
sugar;  add  the  gum,  and.  by  degrees,  the  rose- 
water.     /'/(.  L.)     Dose,  f^ss  to  f.^ij. 

Mistura  Scammo'nii,  Scam'mony  3Iixture. 
Scammon.  gr.  vij,  Lactis  f.^iij.  Triturate  to  form 
an  emulsion.  Ph.  E.)  The  whole  is  a  cathartic 
dose. 

Mistura  Spm'iTus  Vini  Gall'ici,  Brandy  3fix- 
ture.  (Sp.  Viii.  Gallic,  Aq.  cinnam.  aa  f.^iv; 
Vitel.  ovo.  i j  ;  Sncchar.  §ss;  01.  cinnam.  TTL  ij. 
M.  Ph.  L.)  An  excitant  draught  for  the  low 
stages  of  fever. 

jMistura  SiRYcn'Ni^K,  3fixture  of  strych'nia. 
(Distilled  loater,  ^\},  very  pure  strychnia,  1  gr., 
white  sugar,  ^ij  ;  M.)    Dose,  a  dessert-spoonful. 

Mistura  Sulphurico-acida,  Elixir  acidum 
Ilallori — m.  Vulneraria  acida,  Arquebusade, 
Eau  d'. 

MITCHEL'LA  REPENS,  Partridge  berry.  A 
prottj'  little  indigenous  trailing  evergreen,  of  the 
Cinchona  family — Cinchonacese, — which  flowers 
from  June  to  July.  It  has  been  considered  an 
expectorant,  emmenagogue,  and  diuretic;  and  Las 
been  prescribed  in  dropsy  and  gout. 
MITELLA,  Sling. 

MITII'RIDATE,  3fiihrida'lium,  3rifhridat'- 
ieum  luedicamen'tum,  Antid'otuin  3Iithrida'lium, 
Diascin'ci  antid'otus,  Oonfec'tio  Damoc'ratis.  A 
very  compound  electuary,  into  which  entered  — 
3fyrrh  of  Arabia,  Saffron,  Agaric,  Ginger,  Cinna- 
mon, Frankincense,  Garlic,  3Iustard,  Birthwort, 
Galbanum,  Castor,  Long  pepper,  Opoponax,  Bdel- 
lium, Gum  Arabic,  Opium,  Gentian,  Orris,  Saga- 
penum.  Valerian,  Acacia,  Ilypericuyn,  Canary 
wine.  Honey,  &c.  It  was  invented  by  ^Mithrida- 
tes,  king  of  Pontus  and  Bithynia,  and  was  for- 
merly regarded  as  alexifiharmic.  It  is  little  used 
at  the  present  day,  and,  from  its  heterogeVieous 
nature,  should  be  whollv  abandoned. 

MIT.HRID ATICUM  MEDICAMENTUM,  Mi- 
th  rid  ate. 

MITIGANS,  Lenitive. 

MITRA  IIIPPOCRATICA,  Bonnet  d'Hij^po- 
crate. 

MITRAL,  3fitra'lis,  from  nirpii.  viifrn,  'a 
headdress.'  Having  the  form  of  a  mitre;  resem- 
bling a  bishop's  mitre. 

Mitral  Regurgitation,  see  Regurgitation. 
Mitral  Valves,  Val'vnlce  viitra'les  seu  Cordis 
mitra'lea  seu  episcopa'les    seu    hicuspida'les  seu 
bicuspidu'tcB.    Two  triangular  valves  at  the  open- 


MURIUM 


59  8      MOFFAT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP 


ing  of  communication  between  tlie  left  auricle  of 
the  heart  and  the  corresponding  ventricle.  These 
valves  arc  formed  hy  the  inner  membrane  of  the 
left  cavities  of  tlie  heart;  and  are  retained  on  the 
side  of  the  ventricle  by  tendinous  cords,  proceed- 
ing from  the  columnoe  carneiB.  They  form  a  spe- 
cies of  valve,  which  permit  the  blood  to  pass  from 
the  auricle  into  the  ventricle  and  oppose  its  return. 
MITKIUM,  Slinsr. 

MITTE    (F.),    Etjin'vinm    Zotrina'ri,(m.      An 
emanation  exhaled  from  privies,  which  strongly 
irritates  the  eyes.     It  consists  of  ammonia,  united 
to  the  carbonic  and  hydro-sulphuric  acids. 
MIUAMARU,  see  Arrow  poison. 
MIVA,  Marmelade. 
MIX  IS,  Coition,  Mistur.-i. 
MIXTIO.  Mistura. 
MIXTURA,  Mistura. 

MIXTURE,  Mistura— m.  Almond,  Emulsio 
AmygdaliB — tn.  of  Ammoniac,  Misturaammoniaci 
— ra.  of  Asafoetida,  Mistura  asafoetida?. 

Mixture,  Brandy,  Mistura  spiritus  vini 
Gallici — m.  Brown,  Mistura  glycyrrhizae  compo- 
sita — m.  Calmnnte,  Looch  ex  ovo. 

MiXTiiRK,  Camphor,  Mistura  campborae — m. 
Chalk,  Mistura  cretre. 

MfXTUliE  BE  CRATE,  Mistura  cretas  — m. 
of  Creasote,  Mistura  creasoti. 

Mixture,  Crbtackous,  Mistura  cretae. 
Mixture  of  Emetine,  (emetic)  Mistura  erae- 
tiniB  vomitoria — m.  de  Fcr  compoisee,  Mistura  fcrri 
composita — m.  de  Oayac,  Mistura  Guaiaci. 

Mixture,  Griffith's,  Mistura  fcrri  composita. 
Mixture  op  Guaiac,  Mistura  Guaiaci — m.  of 
Gum  Arabic,  see  Emulsio  Aoaciee  —  in.  of  Harts- 
born,  burnt,  Mistura  cornu  usti — m.  of  Iron,  coin- 
jiound,  Mistura  fcrri  composita. 

Mixture,  Hope's.  A  mixture  recommended 
by  Mr.  Hope  in  diarrhoea  and  dysentery.  It  is 
essentially  a  nitrate  of  morphia.  Although  the 
]iroposer  employed  the  acidum  nitrosum  of  the 
Edinburgh  Pharmacopoeia,  nitric  acid  is  gene- 
rally used.  {Avid,  niti-os.  i ^y.  Aqncp  cainphor. 
f^viij;  T'uic?.  o/)(/ gtt.  xl.  ;  ^i.)  Dose,  a  fourth 
part  every  three  or  four  hours. 

Mixture  of  Liquorice,  Compound,  Mistura 
•rlycyrrhizae  composita — m.  Lithnnlrijitique  de 
Diirrinde,  see  Liquor  anodynus  terebinthinatus — 
lu.  of  Marsh  mallows,  Decootuin  althasae. 

Mixture,  Musk,  Mistura  moschi — m.  Xeutral, 
Liquor  potassae  citratis — m.  of  Prussic  acid,  Mis- 
tura acidi  hydroeyanici. 

Mixture  op  Scammoky,  Mistura  scammonii. 
Mixture,  Scudamore's.  A  mixture  recom- 
mended by  Sir  C.  Scudainore  in  gouty  and  rheu- 
inatic  affections,  and  much  prescribed  in  the 
United  States.  Jlfagiies.  »"'^)';.  ,^j — ,^i.i;  Aqiicn 
menthfp  f^x  :  Aceti  cnlchif.  f^^j — f^iss;  Syrup 
croci  f^j  ;  Magiien.  ^viij,  M.  Dose,  one,  two,  or 
three  tablespoonfuls,  repeated  every  two  bours  in 
!i  paroxysm  of  gout,  until  from  four  to  six  evacu- 
ations are  produced  in  the  twenty-four  hours. 

MiXTiTRE  OP  Strychnia,  Mistura  strychnise  — 
m.  de  Wiiitt,  see  Liquor  anodynus  terebinthi- 
natus. 

MXEME.  Memory. 

Mnrme    Crphai/icum    Bal'samum.      A   very 
compound    medicine,  into  which    entered  Balm, 
Lihl,  lioHemnry,  L'lvetider,  Boraqe,  Broom,  Rosea, 
Vioh;f,  Saffron,  Thyme,  Sfnra.r,  Gallntnum,  &0. 
MNEMONEUTiCE,  Mnemonics. 
MNEMOX'ICS,     Mnemoit'ice,     ifnemonen' tice, 
3Incmotevhne,  (/jvrjf/n.  '  naemory  ;'  jivr^noviKOi,  'ap- 
pertaining to   memory. ')  from  nvaojim,   'I  recol- 
lect.'    The  art  of  aiding  the   memory;   and  of 
forming,  in   some  sort,  an  artificial  memory, 
MN'KMOTECIINB,  Mnemonics. 
MOANIXG,  from    Pax.  maenan,  'to   grieve." 


respiration,  in  which  the  patient  utters  audiblo 
groans, — nuiann,  (F.)  (liminHrtinutfi. 

MOBILE,  see  Saint  Augustine. 

MORIL'ITY,  Mohll'ita/:,  from  Hi«?/i7i>.eontrno- 
tion  of  )»oi'i7)///«,  'tiiatcan  be  moved.'  The  jjowit 
of  being  moved.  In  ])hi/Kioloiji/,  great  nervous 
susceptibility,  often  joined  to  a  disposition  to  con- 
vulsion.    Greativ  developed  cxcital>ility. 

MOCCASIN  FLOWER,  Cypripedium  acaulo, 
C.  lutciiin — in.  Plant,  Cyjiri[iedinm  liiteum. 

MOCH'LIA.  Reduction  of  a  luxated  bone; 
from  fiox>'";,  a  lever. 

MOtMILICUS,  Purgative. 

MOCHLISCUS.  Lever. 

MOCIILUS.  Lever. 

MOCHTHUS,  Agony. 

MOCK-KNEES,  Crusta  genu  equina-. 

MOD'ELLING  PROCESS.  A  term  proposed 
by  Dr.  JMacartney,  of  Dul)lin,to  signify  the  mode 
in  which  wounds  are  healed  without  infliuiuiia- 
tion  or  sui)puration,  by  n  deposit  of  jiliistio 
matter  from  the  surface  of  the  wound,  by  which 
the  gap  is  more  rapidly  tilled, — portion  being  laid 
upon  portion,  without  waste,  after  the  niiiiiner  of 
clay  in  the  hands  of  the  sculptor;  —  hence  the 
term. 

MODI'OLUS,  'the  nave  of  a  wheel.'  /'.y^'"- 
mis  seu  Axix  seu  Cohimel'hi  corji'lrai.  A  linlluw 
cone  in  the  cochlea  of  the  ear,  f<irming  a  nucleus, 
axis,  or  central  pillar,  round  which  the  gyri  of 
the  cochlea  pass.  The  modiolus  forms  the  inner 
and  larger  portion  of  the  central  pillar,  and  is  the 
cavity  seen  at  the  bottom  of  the  meatus  iiiulito- 
rius  internus.  It  lodges  a  branch  of  the  auditory 
nerve.  The  central  portion  of  the  modiolus  con- 
tains a  number  of  minute  canals,  and  is  ciilled  in 
consequence  Trnctiis  spim'h's  foraiiiuiiilii'niiii. 
Into  these  Ibe  nerves  of  the  coclilea  enter,  nnd 
pass  out  at  right  angles  between  the  bony  plates 
forming  the  zona  ossea  of  the  lamina  spiralis,  to 
be  expanded  on  the  membranous  portion  of  the 
lamina. 

Modiolus,  3faa,  also  means  the  crown  of  the 
trepan. 

MODIRA  CANIRAM,  Strychnos  colubrina. 
MO'DIUS.      A  dry  measure,  the  third  of  an 
amphora,  equal  to  tbfi  bushel. — Yarro. 

MODUS  OPERAN'DI,  'mode  of  operatins;.' 
This  term  is  applied  to  the  general  principles 
upon  which  remedies  act  in  morbid  states  of  the 
body; — a  subject  of  much  interest,  although  in- 
volved in  considerable  obscurity. 

The  following  classification  will  convey  some 
idea  of  the  ways  in  which  different  organs  may 
be  excited  into  action. 

1.  By  actual  or  immediate  contact  of  the  remedy,  and 
by  absorption  or  mediate  contact. 

2.  By  an  impulse  conveyeii  hy  the  nerves,  throiieh  an 
impression  made  on  the  stomach  or  elsewhere. 

3.  By  contiguous  or  continuous  sympalliy,  or  by  mere 
proximity  or  continuity  of  parts. 

irOELLE,  Marrow— ni.  Alloiujee,  Medulla  ob- 
longata— m.  Epiniirc,  Medulla  spinalis— w.  Ver- 
tehrnle.  Medulla  spinalis. 

MCENIA  DENTIUM,  Alveoli  dentium. 

MCEROR,  Athymia. 

MOFETTE.  A/ote,  see  Mepbitism. 

MOFFAT,  MINERAL  AVATERS  OF.  Moffnt 
is  a  village  situate  about  56  miles  S.  W.  of  Edin- 
burn;h.  The  water  is  a  c(dd  sulphureous;  con- 
taining, in  a  wine  gallon.  36  grains  of  chloride  of 
sodium,  5  cubic  inches  of  carbonic  acid,  4  of  azote, 
and  10  of  sulphohydric  acid.  It  resembles  Uar- 
rowgate  water  in  its  properties. 


A    strong    chalybeate    sprmg    was 


diseovcre'l 


tbere  about  the  year  LS28,  which  contains  scsqui- 
sulphate  of  peroxide  of  iron,  sulphate  of  alumina, 


Respira'tio  litctiiu'sa,  Jf^chthis'moa.     A  plaintive     and  uncombined  sulphuric  acid. 


MOGIGRAPHIA 


50  9 


MOLLITIES 


MOGIGRAPHIA,  Cramp,  writers'. 
MOGIIiA'LIA,  Pan, III' tin,  from  foyti.  'with 
difliculty,'  ami  XaXciv,  'to  ."peak.'  This  word  is 
inneciiraloly  written  hj'  Paul  Zacchias, — Molri'Hn, 
nnil  Molil'i'liii.  Difficult  or  defective  articulation. 
Iiiiiii'diineiit  of  speech.     See  Palbutics. 

jMOtiOSTOCIA,  Dystocia,  Laborious  labour. 
Mot;  US.  Ap.ny. 

MOHAWK  TASj'^EIi,  Eupatorium  purpureum. 
MOIIRIA  THURIF'RAGA.    A  South  African 
forn,  Nut.  Old.  Filices,  the  dry  leaves  of  which, 
])ulveri/-cd  and  made  into  an   ointment  with  fat, 
are  serviceable  in  burns  and  scalds. 
MOIGNON,  Stump. 
MOIK,  Menses. 

MOISTURE,  Mador.  (F.)    Motteiir,  anciently 
Wdintfiir.     Simple  humidity  of  tlie  skin.     The  skin 
is  said  to  be  mni^t  or  in  a  state  of  moisture,  when 
there  is  sli};ht  persijiralion. 
MOirEUH,  Moisture. 

MOLA,  Maxillary   bone,  Mol.ar  tooth,  Mole, 
Pa  toll  a. 
MOUAGOCODI,  Piper  nigrum. 
iMOLMKE,  Molar. 
WOLALIA,  Mogilalia. 

MOLAR,  Mola'ris,  3fi/'licux,(¥.)  Miihnre,  Men- 
Jierc.  That  which  bruises  or  grinds  :  from  nioln- 
ris,  '<a  grindstone,'  or  viola,  'a,  millstone,'  (niolo, 
'I  grind.') 

Moi.AR  Glands.  Two  small  bodies  formed  by 
a  collection  of  mucous  cryi)ts;  seated  in  the  sub- 
stance of  the  cheeks,  between  the  massetcr  and 
buccinator  muscles,  and  whose  excretory  ducts 
open  into  the  mouth  opposite  the  last  molar  tooth. 
Molar  Tkkth,  Griudern,  Jaw  Teeth,  Jlloln'ren 
perviniien'tes  cleiitea,  Denies  molaren  sen  miLrilhi'- 
ren  seu  i/oiii'plii!  seu  clam'lfp,  3lii/(p,  Gt»iipli!<i{, 
ilij'hicri,  3/i/liidoiiten,  Mij'Iodi,  Mimiin'ci,  Liiij- 
teeth,  Willi  'terlh,  (Prov.)  Azzh  teeth.  Axle  teeth. 
Cheek  teeth,  Wani/  teeth,  (F.)  Deiitu  molaiten  ou 
videhelieren,  occupy  the  farther  part  of  each  al- 
veolar arch.  Their  eoronw  are  broader  than  they 
arc  high  :  unequal;  tuberculated  :  and  the  roots 
are  more  or  less  subdivided.  They  are  20  in 
number,  10  in  each  jaw.  The  first  two  pairs  of 
molar  teeth  in  each  jaw  have  been  called  lesxei- 
ninliires,  premo'lar  or  hieuxpid,  Deiitex  hiciixpi- 
dii'ti  seu  hiicea'lex.  The  coron;x>  have  two  tuber- 
cles; tlie  outer  being  more  prominent  and  larger 
than  the  inner.  The  root  is  commonly  sim))le : 
sometimes  bifurcated.  The  other  three  pairs 
have  been  termed,  Great  molarex — Deiitex  miilti- 
ciixpiileex  (Ch.)  Their  coronic  are  cubical, 
rounded,  and  have,  at  the  upper  surface,  four  or 
five  tubercles,  separated  by  deep  furrows.  The 
root  is  divided  into  two,  three,  four,  and  f\ve  fangx, 
wiiich  are  more  or  less  curved.  The  third  great 
niolaris  ajipears  a  long  time  after  the  others,  and 
henee  has  been  called  J9eii»  sapien'tice  or  Wisdom 
tooth. 
JIOLASSES,  Melasses. 

JIOLE,  3fola,  from  molex,  'mass.'  ififle,  Ze- 
phi/r'iiix  fiftiiH,  Germen  fnlxiim,  Pxeudoei/e'xix  nin- 
larix,  Gravid'itaa  moliiris.  Mooncalf,  old  French, 
Fiirdenu.  A  fleshy,  insensible,  at  times,  soft — at 
others,  hard — mass;  of  variable  and  determinate 
size,  which  forms  in  the  uterus,  and  is  slightly 
united  by  vessels  to  that  organ  ;  from  which  its 
feeliie  vitality  is  derived.  It  has  been  conceived 
by  some  to  be  always  owing  to  imperfect  concep- 
tion ;  but  moles  may  form  in  the  undoubted  vir- 
gin. They  seem  to  be  owing  to  a  morbid  pro- 
cess:  and  certainty  are  generally  connected'with 
conception.  At  times,  they  contain  parts  of  the 
foetus:  but  commonly  do  not.  At  very  different 
periods,  in  ditlVrent  women,  the  diseased  mass  is 
expelled  from  the  uterus,  with  ordinary  symp- 
toms of  ubortiou ;  ana  the  ease  requires  similar 


management.    See,  also,  Nasvus,  and  Conception, 
(false.) 

MOLE  PLANT,  Euphorbia  lathyris. 
MOLECULAR,  Jl/o/eeida'rix.     Of  or  belong, 
ing  to  molecules  or  minute  portions  of  any  thing. 
Hence   molecular  death,  in   contradistinction   to 
somatic  death. 

MOL'ECULE,  Molec'nla,  Mniss'nJa ;  diminu- 
tive oi  moles,  'a  mass.'  A  minute  portion  cf  any 
body.  Also,  the  eientrie'ida,  ma'ciila,  (jtillnlii'yi', 
(jelal'inoiiH  tiioleeiile,  tread  of  the  coek,  or  embryo 
part  of  the  imj)regnated  ovum,  observable  by  tlie 
microscope  before  the  ovum  has  left  the  ovarium 
of  the  hen.  It  lies  under  the  epidermic  coals  o*" 
the  yelk,  and  upon  its  proper  coat.  If  the  o\iuii, 
according  to  Valentin,  be  lacerated  and  its  coi- 
tents  minutely  examined,  the  cicatricula  is  found 
like  a  grayish  white  disk,  which  in  its  whole  iir-- 
riphery  is  dense,  granulous,  and  ojiake;  but  in 
the  centre  presents  a  clear,  nongranulons,  ai;d 
perfectly  diaphanous  point.  Purkinje  found,  tbi't, 
when  he  removed  the  dark  granulous  mass  by 
suction  with  a  small  tube,  there  remained  a  per- 
fectly transparent  vesicle  filled  with  a  pellucid 
lymph,  which  had  a  decidedly  spherical  form, 
hut,  licing  extremely  delicate,  was  easily  lacera- 
ted, and  then  its  fluid  escaped.  As  he  found  this, 
which  later  naturalists  have  named— after  its  di;^- 
eoverer — the  Pnrhin' jean  res'iele,  in  the  ova  <if  the 
ovary,  but  could  not  see  it  in  ova,  which  had  al- 
ready entered  the  oviduct,  be  gave  it  the  name 
fjermiiial  vesicle,  or  germ  cell,  resic'iila  prolif'ern 
seu  (/eriiiiiiati'ra,  (F.)  Vesioile  i/ermiiiative.  Bv- 
sides  a  perfectly  colourless  fluid,  this  contains  one 
or  more  dark  corpuscles,  which  appear  as  a  nu- 
cleus through  the  including  membrane  in  tie 
shape  of  opake  spots — the  germinal  spot,  vmc'iiln 
r/erminati'ra  seu  ger'iniuans,  nu'clciis  i/ermiiiati'- 
riis.  Jllastn-car'dia,  Cor'cnhim  r/er'minis,  (F.) 
Tache  (/erminatire.  The  granulous  membrane- 
its  thickened  portion,  the  so-called  'cicatricula.' 
— and  the  germinal  vesicle,  constitute  those  pans 
of  the  orum  which  pass  immediately  into  the 
original  foundation  of  the  embryo,  the  IhiKtoder- 
ma  or  germinal  memhrinie,  vesic'iila  hlastodermot'- 
ica,  blastoder'mic  vesicle. 

Moi.KOtiLE,  Gelatinoits,  Molecule. 

MOLENE,  Yerbascum  nigrum. 

MOLES  GANGLIFORMIS,  Ganglion  of 
Gasser. 

MOLTPDrS,  Plumbum. 

MOLILALIA,  Mogilalia. 

MOLI'MEN,  pi.  Moi.im'ina,  from  molior,  'to 
move  or  stir,'     An  attempt,  a  struggle.     Hence: 

Moi.iMEN  Crit'ici'M.  An  impulsion  towards 
a  sudden  solution  or  crisis  of  a  disease. 

Moi.iMKN  H.EMonTinAo"icuM.  The  hemor- 
rhagic diathesis  or  impulsion. 

Moi.iMEN  H^omorhiioiba'le.  The  hemorrhoi- 
dal diathesis  or  impulsion.     See  Ilamorrhois. 

MoLiMEN  Men.strha'le.  The  menstrual  dia- 
thesis or  impulsion. 

Moi.iMEN  Nati'r^  Salutapium,  Instinct. 

MOLKENKUP,  Whey  cure. 

MOLLESCENCE,  Mollities. 

jVOLLET.  Sura. 

MOLLl PUFFS.  Lycoperdon. 

MOLLIS  MATER,  Pia  mater. 

MOLLIT"IES,  Molles'cenee,  Mnlacis'mns,  Mol- 
lit"ia,  Mollitii'do.  Emollit"ie«,  E.  mnrho'sa.  Jfol- 
litio.  Malax'is,  Mohico'sis,  Malthax'is,  (F.)  Pa- 
7nollisscment ;  (Vr.)  Malakien  (Fuchs);  from 
mollis,  'soft.'  Preternatural  softness  of  an  organ 
or  part  of  an  organ. 

Moi.LTTlES  ClCIt'r.BRI.  Malaco'sis  Cer'ehri,  En- 
cephalomala'cia,  Ence}ihalomala.r' is.  Aecreiiceph'- 
ahis  (W.  Farr).  Ccrehromala'cia,  Enrephalosej,'- 
ais,  JJulles'ceiice  or  softening  or  a  kind  of  liqite- 


MOLLITIO 


600 


MONEYWORT 


faction  nf  the  cerebral  siihstctnce  ;  the  remnimler 
jiret^erving  its  ordinary  consistency.  (F.)  Rumol- 
lisseutent  (in  cerveau.  The  nciirine  often  contains 
small  clots  of  blood,  giving  rise  to  what  has  been 
termed  Apnplcxie  copiUnire,  (Cruveilhier.)  The 
symptoms  denoting  it  are  equivociil. 
MoLLiTiKS  Connis,  Cardiomalacia. 

Moi.LiTiKS  Mediil'LvE  Spina'lis,  3[yelomala' - 
ri'rt,  (F.)  RdmnUiHsement  de  la  Muelle  Epiniere. 
Softening  of  the  spinal  marrow. 

MoLLiriES  Os'siUH,  Jfalncosteo'sis,  Jlalacos'- 
teoi),  Ein<>Uit"ies  oa'sium,  Paros'tia  flex'ilia,  Os- 
teoninlaco'sin,  Osteoni<da'citi,  Rachi'tis  seu  Ra- 
chi'tis  adiilto'rnin,  Spina  veiitu'sa  (of  some),  Soft' 
cninijf  of  the  hones,  (P.)  Oiteo-malacie,  Onteo-ma- 
htxie,  Otteo-tiialalcie,  RnmoUissement  des  o8.  A 
rare  affection,  in  which  the  bones  are  deprived  of 
their  salts,  particularly  of  the  phosphate  of  lime, 
and  consist  only,  or  mainly,  of  gelatin  ;  hence 
they  acquire  a  degree  of  suppleness  which  ren- 
ders them  unfit  for  the  performance  of  their  func- 
tions. The  disease  generally  affects  all  the 
bones;  but  it  is  especially  remarkable  during  life 
in  the  long  bones,  which  assume  any  curvature 
that  may  be  wished.  Very  violent  pain  is  often 
experienced  in  them  ;  and  the  urine  frequently 
contains  an  enormous  proportion  of  calcareous 
phosphate.  The  patient  is  compelled  to  remain 
in  the  horizontal  posture ;  the  bones  no  longer 
being  fixed  points  for  the  muscles  to  act  upon. 
The  disease  has,  hitherto,  always  terminated 
fatally,  and  dissection  has  exhibited  the  gelati- 
nous nature  of  the  bones  ;  which,  by  desiccation, 
have  become  transparent,  as  if  they  had  been  ma- 
cerated in  acid. 

Experience  has  afforded  no  means  of  relief  in 
this  dreadful  affliction.  The  alkaline  salts,  earthy 
phosphates,  Ac.  are  of  little  or  no  use. 

MOLLITIO.  Mollities. 

MOLLITUDO,  Mollities. 

MOLLUS'CUM,  Athero'mn,  Ochthi'aeis.  A 
cutaneous  affection,  so  called  in  consequence  of 
its  resemblance  to  certain  molluscous  animals. 
It  consists  of  numerous  tumours,  varying  in  size 
from  that  of  a  pea  to  that  of  a  pigeon's  egg,  filled 
with  an  atheromatous  matter,  which  are  de- 
veloped in  the  substance  of  the  derma,  and  are 
of  various  shapes,  some  having  a  large  base,  — 
others  adherent  by  means  of  a  pedicle. 

IloJluscnm  contagiu'sum,  (F.)  Acne  mollnsco'ide, 
a  singular  variety,  is  characterized  by  the  pre- 
sence of  hard,  round,  tubercles,  which  are  smooth 
and  transparent,  and  when  pressed,  pour  out  from 
nn  orifice  in  their  summits  a  little  opake  or  milkj' 
fluid. 

The  disease  is  probably  seated  in  the  sebaceous 
follicles. 

If  internal  treatment  be  adopted  at  Jill,  it  must 
consist  of  eutrophics,  as  arsenic,  iodine,  Ac.  The 
external  treatment  consists  in  the  employment  of 
measures  calculated  to  excite  the  tubercles  to  in- 
flammation, fis  by  touching  them  with  potassa. 

MO  LOG  HE,  Malva  rotundifolia. 

MOLOPER.  Vibiees. 

MOLYBDiENUM  MAGNESII,  Manganese, 
black  oxide  of. 

MOLYBDOCACHEXIA,  Saturnisraus. 

MOLYBDOCOLICA,  Colica  metallica. 

MOLYBDONOSllS,  Lead-poisoning. 

MOLYBDOPARBSIS,  Palsy,  lead. 

MOLYBDOS.  Plumbum. 

MOLYBDOSIS,  Lead-poisoning. 

MOLYNE,  Anus. 

MOLYNSIS,  Miasma. 

MOMfE,  Mummy. 

MOM  IN,  xMamei. 

MOMISCI,  Molar  teeth. 

MOMOR'DICA,  M.  Bahnvii'nn,  from  mordeo, 
momordif  vioreum,  '  to  bite,'  JJakami'na,  Nevro- 


Hper'ma  ctmpida'ta,  llalni-npple,  lialmim  npvfe, 
(F.)  Ihdxamiiie,  I'lmnne  de  merveiUe.  Ord.  Cu- 
curbitacea;.  The  fruit  of  this  oriental  tree, 
J'vnntni  mirah'ile  seu  hieronoli/niitti'nuni,  was  for- 
merly considered  vulnerary. 

MoMouiiicA  Asi'EHA,  M.  Elaterium. 

Momou'dica  Elatk'riUiM  :  J\/.  on'pera,  Elate'- 
rium,  Echa'lia  Elatc'ritim,  Ecbaliiim  offiviiui'. 
rum  seu  aijreete  seu  cordifo'/inm,  Vit'ciiniia 
agres'tia  seu  aaini'nus  seu  8i/lvc»'tri«,  Cha- 
ran'tia,  Bouha'lioa,  Giiarerba  orba,  Evbol'itnn 
elate'rinm,  Wild,  Sipiirtinij,  or  Amea'  cu'tumber, 
(F.)  Concondtre  Sauvaye,  Moniordiipie.  Nat, 
Order,  Cucurbitaceaj.  The  dried  sediuu'ul  from 
the  juice  is  the  elaterium  of  the  shops.  (Seo 
Extractum  Elaterii.)  It  is  a  most  powerful  ca- 
thartic, and,  as  such,  has  been  used  in  dropsies. 
Its  active  prineiiile  is  the  Elatin,  Elaterin  or 
Elaterium.     Dose,  gr.  J  to  gr.  j.  until  it  operates. 

310M0RDIQUE,  Momordica  elaterium. 

MONAD,  from  /<uvuj,  liovaios,  'unity.'  A  sim- 
ple particle,  or  atom,  or  unit.  —  Leibnitz.  The 
smallest  of  all  visible  animalcules.  A  primary 
cell  or  germ. 

MON^,  Nates. 

MONAR'DA,  3f.  did'ijma  seu  coccin'ea  seu 
piirpu'rea  seu  K(dniin'na,  Scarlet  Jione  bnliii, 
jVoiintain  mint,  Oawe'go  Tea,  JJountaIn  Jialm, 
Huraemint,  Square  stalk.  Red  halm;  a  bciiutiful 
indigenous  plant.  Sex.  Si/nt.  Diandria  Monogyniii. 
Nat.  Ord.  Labiatas,  having  the  excitant  proper- 
ties of  Monarda  punctata. 

Monahda  Allophylla,  M.  fistulosa  —  m.  Cli- 
nopodia,  M.  fistulosa  —  m.  Coccinea,  Monarda  — 
m.  Didyma,  Monarda. 

Monau'da  FiSTULo'sa,  J/",  rngo'aa  and  ohlon- 
ga'ta  ;  j\f.  clinopod'ia  seu  allophijl'lu,  Wilrl  her- 
gamot,  Horaernint.  The  leaves  have  a  fni^rnnt 
smell;  and  an  aromatic,  somewhat  bitter  tiiste. 
They  are  reputed  to  be  nervine,  stomachic,  and 
deobstruent  [?]. 

Monarda  Kalmiana,  Monarda — m.  Oblongata, 
M.  fistulosa. 

Monaii'da  Puncta'ta,  Horaernint.  Indigenous 
in  the  United  States.  Stimulant  and  carmina- 
tive. The  Oleum  monardcB  is  officinal  in  the 
United  States. 

MoNARD/V  Purpurea,  Monarda  —  m.  Riigosa, 
M.  fistulosa. 

310NDER  (F.),  from  mnndna,  'cleanly.'  To 
render  clean  or  pure.  In  Phannaci/,  it  means  to 
separate  any  substance  from  its  impure  or  useless 
portion.  In  surgery,  niiinder  ou  mondijier  uue 
jMiie,  is  to  clean  or  deterge  a  wound. 

3I0NDIFIGA  riFS,  Detergents. 

310NDIFIER   UNE  PLAIE,  see  Monder. 

MONE'MERON,  Jlonoe'meron,  jUonoht'mernn ,• 
from  fiovos,  'one,'  and  'jj/jtiia.  'a  day.'  A  name 
given  to  several  coUyria,  which  were  supposed  to 
be  capable  of  curing  diseases  of  the  eyes  in  a  day. 

MONENTERUM,  Colon. 

MONE'SIA.  A  vegetable  extract  imported  into 
Europe  from  South  America,  in  hard,  thick  cakes. 
It  is  prepared  from  the  bark  of  a  tree,  whose  bo- 
tanical  name  is  uncertain — probably  Chrt/nophyt'- 
lum  glycyphla'um.  seu  Biiranhem,  Jhtrindiem, 
Ouaranheni ;  Ord.  Sapotacem.  It  is  very  friable, 
and  its  fracture  very  much  resembles  that  of  a 
well-torrefi&d  cocoanut.  It  .is  wholly  soluble  in 
water;  and  its  taste  —  which  is  at  first  sweet  lilio 
liquorice — sometimes  becomes  astringent.  It  is 
on  account  of  its  astringent  properties  that  it  has 
been  prescribed  in  chronic  bronchitis,  ha;mo- 
ptysis,  diarrhoea,  leucorrhooa,  uterine  hemorrhage, 
<fcc.  It  has  been  applied  locally,  in  the  form  of 
ointment,  {Monea.  p.  1,  Adipia,  p.  vij). 

The  dose  of  Monesia  is  from  12  to  40  grains  a 
day. 

MONEYWORT,  Lysimachia  nummularia. 


MONGOLIAN 


601 


MONSTER 


MONflO'LTAN.  Anthropologists  give  the  name 
}l<)U'j'>liiiii  race  to  a  variety  of  tin.'  human  specie?, 
fpreiiil  over  a  frreat  i)art  of  the  north  of  Asia,  in 
China,  India,  Tiiil)et,  the  Molucca?,  &c.  The  in- 
diviiliiais  composing  it  have  the  skin  of  a  brown 
reil,  foroiicad  flat,  nose  broad,  cheeks  prominent, 
and  lips  lar>;e.     See  Homo. 

MOX(;i{KL,  Hybrid. 

iMnNIl'LlES,  Omasum. 

JHJXISM,  Monin'miiH ;  from  fiovai,  'unity.' 
The  doctrine,  which  declares  matter  and  mind  to 
be  identical. 

MONK  PHYSrCrANS  AND  SURGEONS.  A 
class  of  practitioners  of  whom  Frore  Cosine  and 
Jac(|ucs  Ik-aulieu  in  France,  and  Pravetz  in  Ger- 
many, were  the  most  distinguished. 

MONKSHOOD,  Aconitum — m.  Common,  Aco- 
nitutn  napeiius — m.  Salutary,  Aconitum  anthora 
— in.  Wild,  Aconitum  uncinatutn. 

MO.NNI'NA  POLYSTA'CHIA.  A  beautiful 
South  American  plant.  Nut.  Oid.  Polygale*. 
iS'ea-.  ^!i«t.  Diadelphia  Octandria.  The  bark  of 
tlie  root  is  a  powerful  astringent,  and  much  used 
in  South  America  in  diseases  of  the  bowels. 

MOXNYPLIKS,  Omasum. 

MO.XOBLEP'SIS,  from  monoH,  and  P\c^ii. 
'.sight.'  An  affection  in  which  vision  is  confused, 
imperfect,  and  indistinct,  when  both  eyes  are  em- 
|)loycd ;  hut  perfect  or  nearly  so,  when  either  eye 
is  used  singly. 

MON  OC.VR'PiE,  from  monns,  and  Kapno;, 
'fruit.'  A  division  of  cutaneous  affections,  of  the 
fiiiiiily  of  Eczema tnsen,  of  Fuchs,  which  in- 
cludes strojiluilus,  psydr:icia,  and  ecthyma. 

MONOCt:PH'AHJS,  from  >iio„ok,  and  Kc<l,a\r„ 
'head.'  A  compound  monster  having  two  bodies 
with  a  sinsrle  head. 

iMOXOCOLON,  C.xcum,  Rectum. 

MOXOCHA'NUS,  from  vioims,  and  Kpavov,  Kpa- 
vioK,  'cranium.'  A  monster  with  one  cranium, 
but  with  the  face  in  part  double. — Gurlt. 

MON'OCULUM,  Ca3cum. 

MOXOC'ULUS,  Mon'ode,  Monopltthal'mm, 
Uiii(ic'iiln»,  Uiioc'uIks,  from  monon,  and  oculim, 
'an  eye.'  A  bandage  employed  to  maintain 
topical  applications  over  one  of  the  eyes.  This 
haiubige,  called  by  some  .surgeons  Simplex  or'ii- 
lim,  (¥.)  (Ell  iiliiiple,  is  made  of  a  roller  three  or 
four  ells  long,  rolled  into  a  single  ball.  See 
Cyclops. 

MOXODIPLO'PIA,  from  (^itXou?,  '  double,'  and 
ui/',  'eve'     Double  vision  with  one  eye. 

MOXOFM KROX,  Moncmcron. 

MOXOGAS'TRIC.  Monoj/nfi'tririix,  from  mnnos, 
and  yucTiip,  'stomach.'  Tliat  which  has  but  one 
stomach.  Man  \s  moitoi/nntrlc  ,•  ruminating  ani- 
mals, on  the  contrary,  are  pn/i/rfaiitric. 

MOXO(}KNY.  see  Generation. 

MOX'OGRAPH,  MED'ICAL,  Mono^jraph'ia 
med'icn,  from  monnn,  and  ypn<pri,  'description.' 
An  e.i'  profens,)  treatise  on  a  single  class  of  dis- 
eases, or  on  a  single  ilisease. 

MOXOHE.MERON.  Monemeron. 

MOXOMACHOX,  Caicum. 

MOXO.MACUM,  Ciijcum. 

MOXOMANIA,  see  Melancholy —  m.  Homi- 
cidal, Homicidal  insanity — m.  Incendiary,  Pyro- 
luania. 

MOXOMA'NIAC,  Monnmnni'acHa,  (F.)  Mono- 
mane,  Moiiotintiiiiiqiie,  from  monon,  and  /iavta, 
'mania.'  One  who  labours  under  monomania,  or 
insanilv  on  one  subject. 

MOXOMAXIB,    Melancholy  — m.    Homicide, 
Ilnniicidal  insanitv. 
MOXO.MMATOS.  Cvclops. 
MOXOMOKIA.  see  Melancholy. 
AIOXOM'PHAHiS,  from   monon,  and  oit<tia\ot, 
'a  nave!.'     A  monster  produced  by  the  union  of 
two  bodies  having  a  common  umbilicus.     Such  a 


double   monster  is   called   by    I.  G.  St.  HOairo 
Moiioviphii'llnn.  (F.)  Jfonojjiphtilien. 

MOXOPAGIA,  Clavu?  hystericus,  Ilcmicrania. 

MONOP'ATHY,  Mom.pnthi'u,  from  moiios, 
and  vu&oi,  'disorder.'  A  state  in  which  ono 
organ  or  function  is  disordered.  Applied  to  me- 
lancholy or  monomania;  which  is  said  to  be  a 
monopathic  affection. 

MONOPE(iIA.  Clavus  hystericus,  Ilemicrania. 

MONOPHTHALMUS,  Cyclops,  Monoculus. 

MONOPLAS'TIC,  Monoplui'ticus,  from  mono-,, 
and  -nhiaaij),  'I  form.'  That  which  has  one  form. 
A  7iionop/riHtic  element,  in  histology  is  one  which 
retains  its  primary  form. — Gerber. 

MONOPODIA,'  Svmpodia. 

MONOPS,  Cyclops. 

MONOPSIA,  Cyclopia. 

MONOPUS.  Symmeles. 

MONOR'CHIS,  (F.)  Monorchide,  from  movoi, 
and  npxn,  op)(_iSus,  'testicle.'  One  who  has  only 
one  testicle. 

MONOS,  fiovof,  one  alone;  as  in 

MONOS'CELUS,  from  moiios,  and  a/ceXos,  'a 
leg.'     Ono  legged. 

MONOSI'TIA,  from'  monos,  and  citos,  'food,' 
'repast.'  The  habit  of  taking  only  one  meal  in 
the  day. 

MONOSO'MTAN,  (P.)  Monosnmien,  from  monof,, 
and  auixu,  'a  body.'  An  epithet  ap()lied  to  a 
double  monster,  which  seems,  in  the  first  instance, 
to  have  had  but  one  body. 

MONOT'ROPA  UNIFLO'RA,  (monon,  and 
rpoKoi,  'a  turn,'  the  solitary  flower  turned  to  one 
side,)  Indian  pipe,  /replant,  Pipi-j,l,nit,  Xest 
root,  Fit  root.  Ord.  Ericaceae.  An  indigenous 
plant,  whose  juice.  nii.\ed  with  water,  has  been 
extolled  by  the  Indians  in  ophthalmia.  The  dried 
root  in  powder  has  been  given  in  epilepsy  and 
nervous  diseases. 

MONS  VEN'ERIS,  3foi,tic',dn8  Ven'eris, 
('Mount  of  Venus,')  Ephehe'um,  (F.)  Mont  de 
Veniif),  Penil,  Motle,  Eminence  niin-jinhieune.  The 
more  or  less  projecting  eminence,  situate  at  the 
base  of  the  hypogastriuin,  above  the  vulva  and 
in  front  of  the  os  pubis.  At  the  period  of  puberty 
it  becomes  covered  with  hair,  formerly  called 
Trennn' ria. 

MONSO'NIA  OVA'TA,  K,ita,  of  the  Hotten- 
tots.   A  plant  of  the  Nat.  Ord.  Geraniace.ip,  which 
grows  at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.     The  root  and 
herb  are  very  astringent,  and  are  used  success- 
!  fully  in  dysentery. 

MONSTER,  Monxirnm,  ('anything  strange.') 
Porten'tnm,  Trras,  Pelor,  Pelo'r'ia,  Pein' riiim^Pe- 
lo'rnm,  (F.)  Monntre.  Any  organized  being,  hav- 
ing an  extraordinary  vice  of  conformatiop,  or  a 
preternatural  perversion  of  every  part,  or  of  cer- 
tain parts  only. 

The  following  classification  embraces  the  main 
varieties  of  malformations  —  17^/fi  primes  con- 
formationin. — 1.  Those  in  which  certain  parts  of 
the  normal  body  are  absent  or  defective — monstra 
de/ieientia,  constituting  Erlrotfeny  (Sorres), — 
J/onxtroniti/  hi/  defect.  (F.)  Anomalie  on  .Vonxtrn- 
onite  par  defant,  A<)enfsie.  2.  Those  produced  by 
fusion  or  coalition  of  organs  —  conlltlo  partinm, 
ni/mphi/nin.  .S.  Those,  in  which  parts,  united  in 
the  normal  state,  are  separated  from  ejich  other — 
cle/tn,  finniiren.  4.  Those  in  which  normal  open- 
ings are  occluded — ntrenia.  5.  Those  by  excels, 
or  in  which  certain  parts  have  a  disproportionate 
size  —  moiiHtra  nhiindantio,  Monntron'ity  ht/  excesn, 
(F. )  MiinHtruonile  par  excen,  Hiipergfiienie.  6. 
Those,  in  which  one  or  more  parts  have  an  ab- 
normal position — nitnn  mutatnit.  7.  Those  affect- 
ing the  sexual  organs — hermnphroditium  ;  and 
to  these  "  true  malformations"  Vogel  adds  8. 
Diseases  of  the  foetus,  and  abnormal  states  of  ita 
envelopes. 


MONSTERS 


602 


MORBUS 


Amongst  the  numerous  hypotlicses  entertained 
on  the  origin  or  cause  of  monsters,  or  of  monstro- 
sity— tentto'sis,  moiintron'ilai,  (F.)  tiionstrwisi'te,  as 
the  state  lias  been  called  —  three  only  are  worth 
mentioning.  They  have  been  atrributed,  1.  To 
the  influenee  of  the  maternal  imagination  on  the 
ftKtus  in  utero.  2.  To  accidental  changes,  expe- 
rienced by  the  foetus  at  some  period  of  its  uterine 
existence  :  and  3.  To  a  primitive  defect  in  the 
germs.  The  second  seems  to  be  the  only  one 
that  is  philusophioal. 

As  a  medico-legal  question,  monsters,  if  capable 
of  action  as  individuals,  have  the  same  rights  as 
other  persons. 

MONSTERS.  COMPOUND,  see  Unitaire—m. 

Double,  see  Diphnienesis — m.  Triplet,  see  Triplet. 

MONSTRA  AiUINDANTIA,   see    Monster  — 

in.  Deficientia,  see  Monster  —  m.  Trigemina,  see 

Triplet — m.  Triplica,  see  Triplet. 

J/OMSTRE,  Monster  —  m.  Compose,  sec  Uiii- 
talie — III.   (hi ltd! re,  see  Uiiitaire. 
MONSTROSITAS,  see  Monster. 
MONSTROSITY,  see  Monster— m.  by  Defect, 
see  Monster — m.  by  Excess,  see  Monster. 
MONSTRUM,  Monster. 

MONSTIIUOSITE,  see  Monster  — m.  par 
Befnitt,  see  Monster — in.  par  Excel,  see  Monster. 
MO.Vr  n/'J  VEiVfrS.  Mons  Veneris. 
MOXTBRISON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Montbrison  is  a  town  in  France,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Loire,  fifteen  leagues  from  Lyons. 
There  are  three  cold  springs  here,  which  are 
highly  acidulous,  and  used  as  refrigerants  and 
aperients. 

MONT-DE-MARSAN,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Mont-de-Marsan  is  a  small  French  town, 
10  leagues  from  Dax  :  where  there  is  a  chalybeate 
Bprin^.  somewhat  frequented. 

MONT-D'OR.  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Mont-d'Or  is  a  village  seven  lea^'ues  from  Cler- 
mont, (Puy-de-l)ome,)  at  which  are  several  mine- 
ral springs,  cold  and  thermal.  Those  of  the 
Fountain  Ln  jlfadchtiiie,  and  of  the  Great  Bnih, 
■ire  thermal,  temp.  112°  Fahr.,  and  contains  car- 
bonic acid,  subcarbonate  and  sulphate  of  soda, 
chloride  of  sodium,  subcarbonate  of  lime  and 
magnesia,  alumine  and  oxide  of  iron.  Those  of 
St.  JIargaret  are  cold,  and  contain  much  carbonic 
acid. 

MONTECATI'NI,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
This  town  is  situate  near  Borgo-Bugn;iano,  in 
Tuscany.  The  springs  are  thermal;  ranging  from 
78°  to  118°  Fahrenheit. 

MONTHLY  COURSES,  Menses— m.  Illness, 
eee  Menses — m.  Periods,  Menses. 

MONTICULUS  CEREBELLI,  see  Vermiform 
processes  of  the  Cerebellum  —  m.  Veneris,  Mons 
veneris. 

MONTPELL'IER,  CLIMATE  OF.  This  seat 
of  a  celebrated  medical  school  in  the  S.  E.  of 
France  was  at  one  time  renowned  for  its  climate, 
and  especially  in  regard  to  its  adajitation  to  con- 
sumptive eases.  This  is  now  exploded,  and  it  is 
at  present  esteemed  an  unfit  residence  for  them. 
The  climate  possesses  the  general  characters  of 
that  of  south-eastern  France — being  dry,  hot,  and 
irritating;  subject  to  frequent  vicissitudes,  and 
especially  to  blasts  of  keen,  cold,  northerly  winds. 
It  is,  indeed,  most  injurious  in  pulmonary  dis- 
eases. 

MOON,  Luiia,  Selene,  Meiie,  Sax.  Mona,  (O.) 
Mond,  (F. )  Lime.  The  mnon  has  been  supposed 
to  exert  considerable  influence  over  the  human 
body,  in  health  and  disease.  Such  influence  has 
been  grossly  exaggerated.  Not  many  years  ago, 
it  would  have  been  heretical  to  doubt  the  exacer- 
bation of  mania  iit  tlie  full  of  the  mocm  :  yet  it 
i&  now  satisfactorily  shown,  that  if  the  light  be 


excluded  at  this  period,  the  lunatic  is  not  excited 
more  than  ordinarily. 

IMOONED.Limaiic. 

MOONSTRUCK,  Lunatic. 

MOONCALF.  Mole. 

MO()RBi;iUtY,  Vaccinium  nxrcoccos. 

MOORfiRASS,  Potcntilla  an.serina. 

MOORSHEAI),  Alembic. 

MOOR  WORT,  BROAD-LEAVED,  Andromeda 
mariana. 

MOOSEWOOD,  Direa  palustris. 
MOPHETA.  see  Mcphitism. 
jMORIiEUX,  Morbid. 

MORBI,  see  Morbus  —  m.  Acqnisiti,  Acquired 
diseases  —  m.  Acuti,  see  Acute  —  m.  Advenlitii, 
Acquired  diseases — m.  Annivcrsarii,  Anmial  (lis. 
eases — m.  Annul,  Annual  diseases — tu.  Astlicnici, 
Adynamiae  —  m.  Celati,  Feigned  diseases  — m. 
Chronici,  Chronic  diseases  —  m.  Coi;nali,  Inniilo 
diseases  —  m.  Coniplicati,  see  Comiilicaticjii,  Jm- 
pliciti  movbi  —  m.  Congeniti,  Innate  diseases — ni. 
Connati,  Connate  diseases  —  m.  Connexi,  Cmi- 
juncti  inorbi — m.  Consequentes,  Conjunct!  morbi 
— tn.  Constrictorii,  see  Spasnioficiis — m.  Derma- 
todes,  see  Dermatoid — m.  Dispersi,  Sjioradic  dis. 
eases  —  ni.  Dissimulati,  Feigned  diseases  — m. 
Epicteti,  Acquired  diseases  —  m.  Evolutionis,  see 
Development — m.  Ilereditarii,  Hereditary  dis- 
eases  —  m.  Homoedri,  see  Uonioedrus  —  ni.  Infi- 
tiati,  Feigned  diseases — ni.  Iiiterni.  Internal  dis- 
eases— m.  Melancholici,  see  Mercurial — ni.  Mer- 
curiales,  see  Mercurial  —  m.  Nervosi,  Nervous 
diseases — m.  Occulti,  see  Latent  —  in.  Olfactfls, 
Osmonosi  —  m.  Perplexi,  see  Complication — in. 
Pseiidalei,  Feigned  diseases  —  ni.  Reciiliva,  Pie- 
lapse —  m.  llecursus,  Palindromia  —  in.  Sexuales, 
see  Sexual  —  m.  Sexfis,  Oenonusi — in.  Simulati, 
Feigned  diseases  —  in.  Sparsi,  Sporadic  disease? 
— in.  Spasmotici,  see  Spasmoticus — m.  Rtibacute, 
see  Acute  —  ra.  Tactfls,  Haphonosi- — lu.  Tropici, 
Troponusi. 

MORBID,  Mor'hidna,  Iforhn'min.  Palhie,  Path', 
icfil,  P(tth'iciifi,(F.)  Hforheii.r,  Morhide  ;  from  wnr- 
hiii,  'a  disease.'  Diseased,  or  relating  to  disease. 
MoifBtn  Anatomy,  see  Anatomv. 
MORBIF'IC,  3forhi/'ieiiK,  (F.)  Morlifique ; 
from  morhiin,  'a  disease,'  and  fncerc,  'to  make.' 
Causing  or  producing  disease  —  as  morbific  ema- 
nations. 

MORBTLITY.  Disease. 
jVOPIilLLErX.  Morbillous. 
MORBILLI,  Rubeola- m.  Confluentes,  Scar- 
latina— ni.  Ignei,  Scarlatina. 
MORBILLOSUS,  Morbillous. 
MORBILLOUS,     3forhillo'nns,     Jfeaxh/,    fF.) 
3forl)i/!eii.r,  from  morhilli,  'rubeola  or  measles.' 
Affected  or  connected  with  measles. 
MORBOSUS.  Sickly. 
MORBULENT,  Sickly. 

MORBUS,  Disease,  see  Morbi —  m.  Ainpiil- 
laceous.  Pemphigus  —  m.  Anglicus,  Phthisis,  Ra- 
chitis—  m.  Aphrodisius.  Syphilis  —  m.  Arcnatus, 
Icterus  —  m.  Arietis,  Influenza — m.  Ar(|untiis, 
Icterus — m.  Articularis,  Gout— ra.  Astralis,  Epi- 
lepsy— m.  Attonitus,  Apoplexy — m.  a.  Celsi,  Cata- 
lepsy—m.  Brightii.  Kidney,  Bright's  disease  of 
the  — m.  Bullosus,  Pem)diigus  —  m.  Cadiicns 
Epilepsy  —  m.  Civruleus,  Cyanopathy  —  m.  Cal- 
culi, Lithia —  m.  Cardiacus,  Cardialgia  — m.  Ca- 
tarrhalis.  Influenza — m.  Catoxys,  see  Catoxys  — 
m.  Cerealis,  Ersrotism — m.  Cerebralis  Whyttii, 
Hydrocephalus  Tnternus  —  m.  Cirrhonun,  Plica 
— in.  Cneliacus.  Creliac  flux  —  m.  Coniitialis,  Epi- 
lepsy—  in.  Cordis,  Cardionosus  —  in.  Coslalis, 
Pleuritis  —  m.  Coxarius,  Coxarum  morbus  — in. 
Croatus.  Scherlievo  — m.  Cuculhiris,  PcrtusMs  — 
in.  Cucullus,  Pertus-is  — m.  Cystophlcginaticui-, 
Cystirrhona — m.  Da^moniacus,  Epilepsy — w.  Dae- 
monius,   Epilepsy  —  m.  Deificus,   Epilepsy  — m- 


MORCEA  UDUDIABLE 


603 


MOROTROTHIUM 


Pissolutns,  D}'i>cntory — in.  Divinus,  Epilepsy — 
III.  Uoiniiiorum,  (iout — m.  Endemius,  Erideuiic 
— in.  E|)ideiiiiciis,  Epidemy — m.  Epidemicu.s  gut- 
turis  Fciresti,  Scjirlatina — in.  Erudituruin,  Ilypo- 
chuiKlriii.sis-in.  Exlrinsecus,  External  disease — 
ni.  Farciininosus,  see  Equinia — in.  Fehrilis,  Pyre- 
ticosis  —  111.  Eellifluus,  Cholera  —  in.  Flatuosu.s, 
llypoelioiidriasis — ui.  Fluiiiiniensis,  Scherlievo — 
m.  Fa'<liis,  Epilepsy — in.  Frigidiis,  Atrophy — tn. 
(Jallicus,  Syphilis — m.  (Jesticulutorius,  Chorea — 
III.  (iranulosus  rcnum,  Kidney,  l!ri};ht's  disease 
of  tiic — in.  Gravis,  see  Serious — m.  Jlaemorrhoi- 
d:ilis,  llaiinorrhois — in.  Ileracleus,  Epilepsy — m. 
Ilerciileus,  p]pilepsy — in.  Ilispanicus,  Syphilis — 
111.  llydrojihobieus,  Ilydroiiliobia — in.  Hypochon- 
driiicus,  Hypochondriasis  —  in.  Hystericus,  IIj's- 
teria — in.  Iiliopathicus,  Idiopathia — m.  Indicus, 
Syphilis — in.  Interlunis,  Epilepsy — in.  Ischiadi- 
CU8,  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitaua  —  ni.  Italicus, 
Syphilis — in.  .Jecinoris,  Hepatitis — in.  Lascivus, 
Chorea — m.  Lateralis,  Pleuritis — m.  Lazari,  Ele- 
jihantiasis  —  ni.  Leseoli,  Icterus  —  in.  Lunatieus, 
i'lpilepsy  —  in.  Luteolus,  Icterus — m.  Maculosus 
liiumorriia^^icus  Werlhofii,  Purpura  bajinorrhagi- 
ea  —  III.  Magnus,  Efiilepsy  —  in.  Major,  Epilepsy 
— in.  Mensalis,  Epilepsy  —  in.  Mercurialis,  Ecze- 
ma inercuriale,  Hydrargyriasis  —  in.  Metallieus, 
Colic,  metallic  —  in.  Mucosas,  Fever,  adeno- 
mcningeal  —  in.  Nauticus,  Nausea  marina  —  m. 
Neiipolitanus,  Sypiiiiis — in.  Niger,  Melwna — in. 
Originalis,  Idiopathia  —  m.  Oesophagi,  /Esopha- 
gopiithia  —  in.  Oryzeus,  Cholera  —  in.  Pallidus, 
Chlorosis — in.  Pancoenus,  Pandeinio — in.  Parthe- 
nitis,  Chlorosis  —  in.  Paiideinius,  Pandemic  —  lu. 
Pedicularis,  Phtheiriasis  —  ni.  Peracutus,  see  Ca- 
toxys — in.  Phoeniccus,  Elephantiasis — m.  Pilaris, 
Trichiasis  —  in.  Plcuriticus.  Pleuritis  —  in.  Plura- 
hous,  Lead-poisoning — in.  I'orcinus,  Essera  —  in. 
Popularis,  Epilepsy — m.  Priniarius,  Idiopathia — 
m.  Proprius,  Idiopathia — in.  Protopathicus,  Idio- 
pathia—  m.  Proteiforinis,  .see  Proteiforinis  —  m. 
Psoadicus,  Lumbar  abscess  —  m.  Publicus,  Epi- 
demy—  in.  Puerilis,  Epilepsy  —  in.  Pulieularis, 
Typhus  gravior  —  m.  Pustulosus  Finnicus,  see 
Anthrax— m.  Ilecidivus,  Relapse — in.  Kecidivus, 
Piilindroinia — in.  Regionalis,  Endemic  —  m.  Re- 
gius, Icterus — in.  Resiccatorius,  Hypochondriasis 

—  in.  Ructuosus,  Hypochondriasis  —  m.  Ructuo- 
pus,  see  Eructation — in.  Sacer,  Epilepsy — m.  Sal- 
tatorius,  Chorea — in.  Sancti  Joannis,  Epilepsy — 
m.  Sancti  Valentini,  Epilepsy — ^m.  Scarlatinosus, 
Scarlatina — m.  Scelestus,  Epilepsy — m.  Scrophu- 
losus,  Scrofula — in.  Secundarius,  Deuteropathia 

—  m.  Selcniacus,  Ejiilepsy  —  in.  Sideratus,  Epi- 
lepsy—  m.  Silesiacus,  Raphania — in.  Simplex, 
IIaplo|)athia — m.  Solstitialis,  Cotip-de-Soleil — m. 
Sonticus,  Epilepsy  —  m.  Spasinodicus  malignus 
scu  popularis,  Raphania — in.  Strangulatorius, 
Cynanche  trachcalis  —  in.  Sudatorius,  Sudor  An- 
gliciis — m.  Truculentus  infantum,  Cynanche 
trachealis  —  m.  Tuberculosus,  see  Tubercle  and 
Tubercular  cachexia  —  m.  llngaricus,  Fever, 
Ilungaric  —  in.  Venninosus.  Helinintliiasis  —  ni. 
Veniaculiis,  Endemic — m.  Vcrvecinus,  Influenza 

—  m.  Vesicularis,  Pemphigus  —  in.  Virgineus, 
Chlorosis  —  in.  Viridellus,  Epilepsy  —  m.  Vitrio- 
latus.  Epilepsy  —  tn.  Vocis,  Phouonosus  —  m. 
Vulpis,  Alopecia. 

MOHCEAU  DU  DTABLE,  see  Tuba  Fallo- 
piana — n>.  Frniifje,  see  Tuba  Fallopiana. 

MOItCELLEM ENT  (F.),  'Dividing  into 
pieces.'  A  mode  adopted  by  M.  Maisonneuve  for 
removing  successfully  a  large  Dbrous  tumour  of 
the  neck. 

MORCIIELL'A  ESCULEN'TA,  Phn/hts  escu- 
leii'lim,  Ilelrell'a  escii/eii'ta,  FnttguK  fagino'Kus, 
Jferii'fiiiH,  Common  J/oreU,  (F.)  Jfori/'e.  Nat. 
Order,  Fungi.  A  fungus,  which  is  esteemed  a 
lu.vury,  entering  into  ragouts  and  other  dishes, 


or  cooked  itself  between  slices  of  bacon.  It  tns 
been  considered  to  be  aphrodisiac. 

MOR'DICANT.  Mor'dicam,  ddor  vwr'dfcnve, 
from  mordeo,  'I  bite.'  A  morbid  heat,  causing 
a  disagreeable  pungent  sensation  in  the  fingers 
of  the  physician. 

MORDICES,  Teeth  :  see  Tooth. 

MORE  A,  Morns  nigra. 

MORELL,  COMMON,  Morchella  esculenta. 

JJ QUELLE,  Boletus  esculentus  —  m.  d  Fnn't 
noir,  Solanum  —  m.  FiiiieuHe,  Atropa  belladonna 
— m.  eii  Griippes,  Phyt(dacca  decandra — m.  Uiiut- 
piaite,  Solanum  dulcamara. 

MORETARIUM,  Mortar. 

MORE'TUM.  A  kind  of  salad,  with  the  an- 
cient Romans,  made  of  garlic,  parsley,  vinegar, 
oil,  Ac. 

MORE'TUS,  from  mortim,  'the  mulberry.' 
Ancient  name  of  a  cordial  julep,  into  the  compo- 
sition of  which  the  syrup  of  mulberries  entered. 
— Schroder. 

MORGAGN'I,  HUMOUR  OF,  Humor  Mor- 
gagnin'miis,  (F.)  Humenr  de  Jforgrigiii.  A  pecu- 
liar, transparent,  slightly-viscid  fluid,  found  be- 
tween the  crystalline  and  its  capsule. 

MORGELINE,  Alsine  media. 

3IUHGUE  (F.).  A  dead-home,  in  Fr.nnce, 
wherein  persons,  found  dead,  are  exposed  with 
the  view  of  being  recognised  by  their  friends  — 
Necrocomi'ini),  Neerodochi'um,  Nrcron'toa. 

MORI  SUCCUS,  see  Morus  nigra. 

MORIA,  Idiotism — m.  Bemetis,  Idiotisin,  De- 
mentia—  m.  Deinens  lereina,  see  Dementia  —  m. 
Imbecilis  amnesia.  Amnesia. 

MORIBUND,  Psychorages. 

3I0RILLE,  Morchella  esculenta. 

MORINGA  APTERA,  see  Guilandina  mo- 
ringa  —  m.  Nux  Ben,  Guilandina  moringa. —  in. 
Oleifera,  Guilandina  moringa — m.  Pterygospernia, 
Guilandina  moringa  —  m.  Zeylanica,  Guilandina 
moringa. 

MORION,  Genital  organ.  Penis. 

MORIOPLAS'TICE,  Chirur'rpa  cnrtn'nnn  sea 
Ai\n))l(iH'ticn,  Rcstitit'tio  onjnn'ien  seu  pai'liiim 
deperditd'rum,  I'rtuisplfiiita'tio,  Aulopldx'tire,  Clii- 
rnr'r/ia  plas'tica,  Ann  plan' tic  Sxryery,  Aiitojilns'ti/, 
Autoplrmtic  or  Plastic  Surgery,  from  iiv^iov,  "a 
part,'  and  TrAacrnicof,  'forming.'  The  restoration 
of  lost  parts.  The  operations  for  this  purpose 
have  various  names,  according  to  the  part  con- 
cerned, as  Cheiloplantice,  Ceratoplastice,  J'hlito- 
p/iintiee,   (fee. 

MORNING  GLORY,  BLUE,  Convolvulus  nil. 

MORO,  from  momm,  'a  mulberry:' — Mortim, 
(F.)  Mure.  A  small  abscess  resembling  a  mul- 
berry. A  small  tumour,  of  a  similar  appearance, 
particularly  on  the  genital  organs  after  impure 
coition. 

MOROCH'THUS,  Moroch'tnx,  Morodii'tex,  Me- 
roehi'tes,  Meroc'ten,  Galax'ia,  Lericogrnph' in,  (E .) 
Pierre  au  laif,  Milk  stone.  An  Egyptian  stone, 
used  by  the  ancients  as  an  application  to  the  in- 
tertrigo of  children  :  probably  a  variety  of  fuller's 
earth,  inasmuch  as  it  appears  to  have  been  used 
by  fullers. 

MOROCHITES,  Morochthus. 

MOROCHTUS.  Morochthus. 

MOROCOxMIUM.  Morotrophium. 

MORODOCHIUM,  Morotrophium. 

MOROSIS,  Fatuitas,  Idiotism. 

MOROSITA'TES,  (moro'stm,  'morose,'  'peev- 
ish,' 'fretful,')  from  /iwpin,  and  /iwowo-if,  'stiiid- 
dity.'  A  generic  name  given  bj'  LinniBiis  to  an 
order  of  VesaniiB,  in  which  he  included  pica, 
bulimia,  poh'dipsia,  antipathi.i,  nostalgia,  pano- 
phobia,  satyriasis,  nj'mpbomania,  tarentismus, 
and  hydropliobi.q. 

MOROTROPHIUM,    2Iorocomi'um,    Jlorodo- 


MORPH.EA 


604  MORTALITY 


chi'um,  Mnnicocomi'um,  from  (iiifio^,  'fatuous,'  and 
rpoiprj,  'suiiport.'  An  insaue  e^lnbl ithtiient,  lunntic 
usijlnm,  mod-house,  Bedlam,  (F.)  Hopital  des  funs, 
Maifioii  petite. 

MORPIIiEA,  Morphew  — m.  Alba,  Lepra  al- 
phoides — in.  Nigra,  Lepra  nigricans. 

MORPUKE,  Morphew. 

MORPHEW,  Jforphff'a,  (F.)  Morphee.  A  term 
vaguelj'  applied  to  scurfy  eruptions  on  the  face. 
Mitiph(B<i  was  formerly  applied  to  squamous  dis- 
eases in  general. 

MORPHIA,  Morphina  —  ra.  Acetate  of,  Mor- 
phinse  acetas  —  m.  and  Zinc,  double  iodide  of. 
Zinc  and  Morphia,  double  iodide  of — m.  Citrate 
of,  see  Morphina  —  ra.  Muriate  of,  see  Morphina 
— m.  Sulphate  of,  Morphinse  sulphas. 

MORPHIA  ACETAS,  Morphinao  acetas— m. 
Citras,  see  Morphinae  sulphas  —  m.  Murias,  see 
Morphinse  sulphas  —  m.  Sulphas,  Morphinae  sul- 
phas. 

MOR'PHICA,  from  nopipr,,  'shape.'  Monstro- 
Bities  of  birth.'  The  3d  order,  class  Typkieu  of 
Good. 

MORPHI'NA,  3lor'pl>ia,  Mor'phinm,  Mor- 
Jilii'tie.  Marphine,  from  Mop^cvs,  3Iurpheu8,  the 
'god  of  sleep.'  A  solid,  colourless  alkali;  crys- 
tallizable  in  beautiful  pyramids,  truncated  and 
transparent;  soluble  in  alcohol,  and  slightly  so 
in  boiling  water.  It  exists,  combined  with  me- 
conic  acid,  in  opium.  It  may  be  obtained  by 
decomposing,  by  means  of  ammonia  or  calcined 
magnesia,  an  aqueous  solution  of  opium  made  in 
the  cold. 

The  following  is  the  process  of  the  Pharm. 
U.  S.  Opium,  sliced,  tt)j  ;  distilled  water,  alcohol, 
vnimtd  charcoal,  each  a  sufficient  quantity;  sulii- 
tion  of  ammonia,  f.^vj.  Macerate  the  opium 
with  four  pints  of  distilled  water  for  24  hours, 
and  having  worked  it  with  the  hand,  digest  for 
24  hours,  and  strain.  Macerate  the  residue  twice 
successively  with  distilled  water,  and  strain.  Mix 
the  infusions:  evaporate  to  six  pints,  and  filter; 
then  add  first  five  pints  of  alcohol,  and  afterwards 
three  fluidounces  of  the  solution  of  ammonia, 
previously  mixed  with  half  a  pint  of  alcohol. 
After  24  hours,  pour  in  the  remainder  of  the 
solution  of  ammonia,  mixed  as  before  with  half 
a  pint  of  alcohol ;  and  set  the  liquor  aside  for  24 
hours,  that  crystals  may  form.  To  purify  these, 
boil  them  with  two  pints  nf  alcohol  till  they  are 
dissolved;  filter  the  solution,  while  hot,  through 
animal  charcoal,  and  set  it  aside  to  crystallize. 

Morphia  dissolves  perfectly  in  the  acids,  which 
it  saturates ;  and  with  which  it  forms  very  erys- 
tallizable  salts,  with  the  exception  of  the  acetate. 
All  these  salts  have  a  bitter  taste,  and  act  upon 
the  animal  economy  in  the  same  manner  as 
opium,  but  more  powerfully.  The  acetate  is  the 
salt  commonly  employed  in  medicine.  It  was,  at 
one  time,  supposed  that  Morphia  is  the  purely 
sedative  part  of  opium,  divested  of  its  irritating 
properties;  but  experience  has  not  confirmed 
this.  On  the  contrary,  it  will  generally  disagree 
where  opium  does.  Dose  of  morphia,  |^  to  |  of 
a  grain. 

Morphi'n^  Ace'tAS,  3rrir'phi(S  Acetas,  Mor'- 
phinm ace'ticnm,  Ac"etnte  of  Morphine,  Acetate 
of  Morphia.  A  salt  formed  by  saturating  mor- 
phia with  acetic  acid.  (Morphia,  in  powder,  freed 
from  narcotina  by  boiling  with  sulphuric  ether, 
^j  ;  distilled  wafer,  Oss  ;  acetic  acid,  a  sufficient 
quantity.  Mix  the  morphia  with  the  water;  then 
carefully  drop  in  the  acid,  constantly  stirring 
until  the  morphia  is  saturated  and  dissolved. 
Evaporate  the  solution  in  a  water-bath  to  the 
consistence  of  syrup.  Lastly,  dry  the  acetate 
with  a  gentle  heat  and  rub  it  into  powder. — Ph. 
U.  S.}     Dose,  from  J  of  a  grain  to  half  a  grain. 


MoitPiii'N.B  Sulphas,  JIon'pni.«  SfLpnAS, 
Sidphate  of  Morphia.  A  salt,  formed  by  satu- 
rating morphia  with  sulphuric  acid,  evaporating, 
and  crystallizing.  Dose,  the  same  as  of  tho 
acetate. 

Muriate,  and  Citrate  of  Morpliia,  Morphics  ci- 
tran,  have  likewise  been  used ;  but  they  possess 
no  advantages  over  the  other  salts.  The  sulphate 
and  muriate  are  officinal  in  the  Ph.  U.  S.  Tho 
muriate — Moii'pni/E  Mu'iuAS — is  directed  to  bo 
prepared  as  follows.  [Morphia:,  in  pulv.,  ^^j ; 
AqncB  destillatcB,  Oss  ;  Acid,  miin'at.  q.  s.  Mix 
the  morphia  with  the  water;  carefully  drop  in 
the  acid,  till  the  morphia  is  saturated  ami  dis- 
solved. Evaporate  and  crystallize.)  Oue-sixth 
of  .a  grain  is  equal  to  a  grain  of  opium. 

MORPIIIUM,  Morphina  —  m.  Aceticum,  Mor- 
phinse  acetas. 

MORPnOLOG"ICAL,  Morpholo;/"icm,  from 
f(op0i?,  'shape,' and  Ao/oj,  'a  description.'  That 
which  has  relation  to  the  anatomical  conforma- 
tion of  parts.  Applied,  at  times,  to  the  altera- 
tions in  the  form  of  the  several  parts  of  the  em- 
bryo, in  contradistinction  to  hintolo(/ical,  which 
is  applied  to  the  transformation  by  which  tho 
tissues  are  gradually  generated.  In  comparative 
anatomy,  it  is  applied  to  the  history  of  the  mo- 
difications of  forms,  which  the  same  organ  under- 
goes in  different  animals. 

MORPHOLOGY,  Anatomy. 

MORRHOL'YSIS,  from  ixopipv,  'shape,'  and 
AnCTif,  'solution.'  Destruction  of  organization. 
An  agent,  that  occasions  such  destruction,  is 
called  a  morphoh/t'ic, 

MORPHOLYTIC,  see  Morpholysis. 

MORPHON'OMY,  Morphonom'ia:  from  liof^pn, 
'shape,'  and  voixos,  a  law.'  The  laws  of  organio 
formation.  The  department  of  anatomical  sci- 
ence which  teaches  the  laws  of  organic  configu- 
ration. 

MORPHOTOMY,  see  Anatomy. 

MORPIO,  see  Pediculus. 

3I0RPI0N,  Crab-louse,  see  Pediculus. 

MORRUUA  AMERICANA,  see  Oleum  jccoris 
aselli. 

MORS,  Death  —  m.  Apparens,  Asphyxia  —  m. 
Putativa,  Asphyxia  —  m.  Repentina,  Demotivus 
lapsus — m.  du  Diahle,  Scabiosa  succisa. 

MORSELLUS,  Tabella. 

MORSULI  ANTIMONIALES,  TabelLne  anti- 
moniales  Kunckelii  —  m.  Stibii,  Tabellaj  autimo- 
niales  Kunckelii. 

MORSULUS,  Tabella. 

MORSURE,  Degmos. 

MORSUS,  Degmos — m.  Diaboli,  Scabiosa  isne- 
cisa,  see  Tuba  Fallopiana  —  m.  Gallinje,  Alsine 
media — m.  Stomachi,  Cardialgia — m.  Ventiiculi, 
Cardialgia. 

MORT,  Adeps. 

MORT,  Dead,  Death — m.  Apparente,  Asphyxia 
—  m.  du  Ghien,  Cholera  —  m.  aiix  Chiens,  Colchi- 
cum  autumnale — m.  Ne,  Still-born — m.  anx  Pan- 
therea,  Doronicum  pardalianches. 

MORTA,  Pemphigus. 

MORTAL,  Morta'lis,  from  moi-s,  mortis,  'death.' 
Letha'lis,  Leta'lis,  Thanato'des,  'I'hanas'imns,  (F.) 
3[ortel.  That  which  is  subject  to  death;  — that 
which  causes  death  :  —  as,  nm/i  is  mortal ;  a  dis- 
ease is  mortal.  Of  old,  it  was  the  custom  to  havo 
a  division  of  mortal  or  deadli/  wounds,  which 
gave  rise  to  many  errors  in  medico-legal  investi- 
tions,  as  the  mortality  of  wounds  depends  upon 
various  circumstances  ;  and  it  is  often  a  matter 
of  extreme  difficulty  to  pronounce  whether  or  not 
a  wound  is  necessarily  mortal. 

MORTAL'ITY,  Mortal'itas,  Lethal'ilns,  LetaV- 
itaa,  (F.)  Mortalite.  Same  etymon.  This  word, 
taken  in  an  extended  sense,  expresses  the  condi- 
tion of  all  organized  bodies, — of  being  subject  to 


MORTAR 


605 


MOSQUITO 


the  oep?ation  of  life.  In  the  sense  in  which  it  is 
most  freiiuently  employed,  it  signifies, — the  pro- 
portional ((Uiuitity  of  individuals  who,  in  a  cer- 
tain po|iuliition,  die  in  a  given  time.  If  we  as- 
sume llie  i)opulation  of  the  earth  to  be  one  thou- 
fimd  millions,  and  a  generation  to  last  thirty- 
three  years;  in  that  space  of  time  the  one  thou- 
sand millions  must  all  die,  and,  conse(iuently,  the 
number  of  deaths  will  be,  by  approximation, 

Each  year 30,000,000 

Each  day  82,109 

Each  hour 3,421 

Each  minute 57 

Each  second 1  nearly. 

If,  on  the  other  hand,  as  has  been  supposed, 
the  number  of  deaths  is  to  that  of  the  births  as 
TUN  to  TWELVE :  thcro  will  be  born, 

Each  year 36,000,000 

Each  day 98,356 

Each  hour 4,098 

Each  minute 68 

Each  second 1  &  2-15tbs. 

It  has  been  estimated  that  the  average  mor- 
tality of  the  Pays  du  Vaud,  is  1  in  49  :  of  Swe- 
den and  Holland,  1  in  48  ;  of  Russia,  1  in  41 ;  of 
France,  1  in  40  ;  of  Austria,  1  in  38  ;  of  Prussia 
and  Naples,  1  in  33  to  35  ;  of  England,  1  in  45  : 
and  of  South  America,  1  in  30.  The  same  rate 
of  mortality  has  been  given  to  the  United  States 
as  to  France ;  but  the  statistical  details  on  all 
this  matter  have  been  inadequate,  and — it  is. not 
improbable — inaccurate.  The  following  has  been 
given  as  the  annual  mortality  of  some  of  the 
chief  cities  of  this  country  and  Europe:  (See  the 
author's  Human  Health,  p.  101  :  Philadelphia, 
1844.)  Philadelphia,  1  in  45-08;  Glasgow,  1  in 
44;  Jliuiclicster,  1  in  44  ;  Geneva,  1  in  43;  Bos- 
ton, 1  in  41'26;  Baltimore,  1  in  41  ;  London,  1  in 
40;  New  York,  1  in  37-83;  St.  Petersburg,  1  in 
37;  Charleston,  1  in  36-60;  Leghorn,  1  in  35; 
]!erlin,  1  in  34 ;  Paris,  L3'ons,  Strasburg,  and 
Barcelona,  1  in  32;  Nice  and  Palermo,  1  in  31  ; 
Madrid,  1  in  29;  Naples,  1  in  28;  Brussels,  1  in 
26;  Rome,  1  in  25;  Amsterdam,  1  in  24;  and 
Vienna,  1  in  22}. 

In  the  cities,  the  mortality  under  two  years  of 
age  bears  a  large  ratio.  This  is  exhibited  by  the 
fuUowing  table  : 

Ages.  London.  Philad.  Baltimore. 

Under    1      year,  1  „o  -„  22-7  24-11 

From      1  to      2,  j  ^°  ^^        8-6  8-55 

2  to      5,         9-97         7-3  11.18 

5  to    10,          4-33         4-  5- 

10  to    20,          4-03         5-  6-3 

20  to    30,          6-64  12-  987 

30  to    40,          8-08  12-  10-58 

40  to    50,          8-89  10-  8-88 

50  to    60,          8-89         7-2  6-78 

60  to    70,          9-15         5-  4-5 

70  to    80,          7-83        3-5  3- 

SO  to    90,          3-18         1-9  1-67 

90  to  100,          0-40         0-5  0-26 

100  to  120,  009    \  „  ,„ 

110  to  120,  0013] 

It  would  not  be  proper  to  regard  the  value  of 
life  in  different  countries,  or  in  different  periods 
m  the  same  country,  to  be  indicated  by  the  ave- 
rage mortality  ;  inasmuch  as  in  one  case  a  greater 
mortality  maj'  occur  amongst  children,  and  in 
another  amongst  adults. 

MoiiTAt.iTY,  Bills  of,  TiUh  of  Necrol'o^y, 
Mor'tuctrii  Re(i"i/<tern,  (F.)  Tables  de  Mortiiliie. 
Table?,  instituted  for  the  purpose  of  exhibiting 
the  number  of  deaths,  Ac,  in  a  given  time.  Well- 
kept  bills  of  mortality  are  of  great  use  to  the  phy- 
sician and  political  economist.     Those  of  London 


were  proverbial  for  their  inaccuracy  and  in- 
sufficiency; especially  as  regards  the  comy)laint3 
of  which  the  persons  have  died.  They  were  for- 
merly made  out  by  the  parish  clerks,  and  the  in- 
formation was  conveyed  to  them  by  two  old  wo- 
men, who  were  appointed  in  each  parish,  and 
were  called  Searchers  ;  —  their  duty  being  to  see 
that  the  deceased  had  died  a  natural  death.  This 
miserable  system  has,  however,  been  abolished; 
and  the  Registrar- General's  annual  reports  of 
births,  deaths,  and  marriages,  exhibit  how  admi- 
rably vital  statistics  are  now  collected  in  Great 
Britain. 

MORTAR,  Morta'rium,  3foreta'r{um,  Morto'- 
rium,  Piso,  Ac'one,  Pila,  Holmos,  l<jde,  Ljdus, 
(F.)  Mortier.  A  vessel  for  reducing  to  powder 
different  solid  substances,  and  for  making  certain 
mixtures.  Various  substances  are  employed  in 
the  construction  of  mortars  ; — iron,  marble,  glass, 
wedgewood  ware,  &c. 

MORTARIOLUM,  Alveolus. 

310RTEL,  Mortal. 

MORTIER.  Mortar. 

MORTIFER,  Lethiferous. 

MORTIFICATIO,  Mortification  — m.  Pulmo- 
num,  Necropneumonia. 

MORTIFICA'TION,  MorHfica'tio,  Necro'sis, 
Sphdcchi'tion,  from  mars,  mortis,  'death,'  and  fio, 
'I  become.'  The  loss  of  vitality  in  a  part  of  the 
body.  The  incipient  stage  of  mortification,  when 
the  case  is  still  recoveralile,  is  called  Gangrene; 
when  totally  destroyed.  Sphacelus.  Mortification 
of  a  bone  is  called  Necrosis. 

M(jHTiFicATioN.  CoLD,  Sphacclus  —  m.  Ergot, 
Ergotism  —  m.  Hot,  Gangrene  —  m.  Mildew,  Er- 
gotism. 

MORTOOTH,  Cupri  sulphas. 

MORTUARY  REGISTERS,  Mortality,  bills 
of. 

MORTUUS,  Dead. 

MORUM,  see  Morus  nigra  —  m.  Palpebrae  in- 
terna). Trachoma  carunculosura. 

MORUS  NIGRA,  M.  hicinia'ta,  Ifid'herry 
Tree,  Itfore'o,  Sycami'nos,  (F.)  IfCtrier  Noir. 
Ord.  UrticaceiO.  The  fruit  of  the  mulberry  tree, 
ilorum,  ftopov,  Si/r<iini'tium,  (F.)  Mure,  is  plea- 
sant, sweet,  suiiacid,  and  abounds  with  a  deep 
violet-coloured  juice,  3Ior{  snccus  (Ph.  L.).  A 
syrup  is  directed  in  the  London  Pharmacopoeia. 
The  bark  of  the  root  has  been  regarded  as  an 
anthelmintic. 

MORUS  RUBRA,  Red  Mulberry,  Wild  Mul- 
berry;  indigenous.  The  root  has  been  used  to 
destroy  taenia. 

MORVE,  Mucus,  Nasal  mucus;  see  Equinia — 
m.  Farciiieuse,  see  Equinia. 

MOS,  Habit. 

Mos  Moitni  Bf.nig'nus  seu  M.vlig'nus.  The 
benign,  or  malignant  character  of  a  disease. 

MOSCHARDI'NA,  Muscer'dn,  from  iioaxos, 
'musk.'  A  lozenge  for  the  mouth,  composed  of 
musk,  ambergris,  and  other  aromatics. 

MOSCHELyE'ON,  Mo^culcB'a.  A  compound 
aromatic  oil,  containing  musk. 

MOSCHUS,  Musk — m.  Arabum.  Hibiscus  abel- 
moschus — ni.  Factitious,  Musk,  artificiaL 

MOSCOLiEA,  MoscheltBon. 

MOSLICH,  Maslach. 

MOSQUITA,  see  Mosquito. 

MOSQUI'TO  (S.j,  Diminutive  of  (S.)  mosca, 
'a  fly.'  Musquito.  A  very  troublesome  insect  in 
warm,  moist  situations.  Curtains,  called  Moxijuito 
curl(ii)is  or  bars,  are  used  by  way  of  protection. 
The  entrance  of  mosquitos  into  the  bedchamber 
may  also  be  prevented,  to  a  certain  extent,  by 
keeping  the  doors  and  windows  closed  until  the 
lights  are  extinguished.  The  pain  and  itching 
from  the  bites  are  alleviated  by  washing  them 
with  hartshorn. 


MOSS   BERRY 


GOG 


MOUTH 


MosQtUTA  is  a  name  given,  by  the  Portujtuese, 
to  .small,  red  pimples  on  the  skin,  resembling  the 
bites  of  the  musquito. 

jMOSS  berry,  Vaecinium  oxycoccos  —  no. 
Cej'lon,  Fueus  amylaceus — m.  Club,  Lycopodium 
— m.  Cup,  Lichen  pyxidatus — m.  Edible,  Fueus 
amyliieeus  —  m.  Hairciip,  Polytrichum  Juniperi- 
iiuin — m.  Iceland,  Lichen  Islandicus — m.  Irish, 
Fueus  erispus — m.  Jaffna,  Fueus  amylaceus — m. 
Marine,  Fueus  amylaceus  —  m.  Pearl,  Chondrus 
crispus  —  m.  Wall,  common  yellow,  Parmclia 
pariotir)a. 

jSIOTA,  Fagus  castanea. 

IVIOTAMEN,  Motion. 

MOTATIO,  Motion. 

MOTE,  Carbasus,  Linteum. 

MOTEUR,  Motory. 

MOTHER,  Hysteria,  Phlegm. 

MOTHER'S  MARKS,  Nsevus—m.  Spots, 
Naevus. 

MOTHERWORT,  Leonurus  cardiaca,  Matri- 
caria. 

MOTIL'ITY,  Motil'itan,  from  motna,  'move- 
ment.' (F.)  llotilite,  Jfotricile.  Faculty  of 
moving;   moving  power  ;  contractility. 

MOTION,  Motiis,  Mo'lio,  3/ota'tio,  Mota'men, 
Comiiio'tio,  Peniio'tio,  {niorere,  motiiiii,  'to  move.') 
Ciiie'nin,  Movement,  (F.)  Moitvemeid.  The  act  of 
changing  place.  The  various  motions  may  be 
divided  into, —  First,  the  voluntary  or  those  that 
are  executed  under  the  influence  of  the  brain. 
Secnndhf,  the  involnntriry,  which  may  be  subdi- 
vided into,  L  The  e.rcite'l,  of  the  rcjlrx  fiinetion 
of  Dr.  JIarshall  Hall  and  others, — as  the  closure 
of  the  larynx  on  the  contact  of  acrid  vapours,  of 
the  pharynx  on  that  of  the  fond,  —  a  function  of 
the  spinal  marrow  ;  and,  2.  Those  that  are  exe- 
cuted under  the  organic  and  other  nerves  of  in- 
voluntary function.  It  is  probable,  too,  that 
every  living  tissue  is  capable  of  moving  respon- 
sive to  its  appropriate  irritant.     See  Irritability. 

Motion,  Ciliary,  see  Cilia  —  m.  Involuntary, 
see  Automatic  —  m.  Vibratory,  see  Ciliary  —  m. 
Voluntary,  Autoeinesis. 

MOTIVE,  Motory. 

MOTOR,  Motory. 

MoToii  OcriLi  Extrr'nus,  Newvn  ttm'idun, 
(F.)  Nerf  oculo-mnsculitire  externe  (Ch.),  Nerf 
inoteur  ocxdaire  externe.  Sixth  pair  of  nerves, 
arises  from  the  furrow  which  separates  the  pons 
Varolii  from  tlie  medulla  oblongata.  It  enters 
the  cavernous  sinus;  anastomoses  on  the  outside 
of  the  carotid  artery  with  two  filaments  furnished 
by  the  superior  cervical  ganglion  ;  enters  the  or- 
bit by  the  sphenoidal  fissure,  and  is  lost  on  the 
rectus  externus  oculi.  This  pair  is,  also,  called 
Ahdiicentea. 

Moto'rks  Oculo'ritm,  JIfolo'rii  Ocnlorum,  Ocit- 
la'ren  commn'nes,  Ophthal'mici  exter'ni.  Common 
0vnh>-inii8cul(ir  Nrrveif,  (F. )  Nerfu  motenro  ocii- 
hiirei  commnnn  (Cb.),  The  third  pair  of  nerven. 
Par  ter'tiiim.  This  nerve  arises  from  a  depres- 
sion at  the  inner  side  of  the  peduncles  of  the 
brain,  between  the  tuber  annulare  and  corpora 
nianimillaria.  It  enters  the  outer  part  of  the 
cavernous  sinus,  and  passes  into  the  orbitar 
cavity.  Behind  the  sphenoidal  fissure,  it  divides 
into  two  branches  ;  the  one  superior  and  the  other 
inferior.  The  former  is  lost  on  the  rectus  supe- 
rior oculi  and  the  levator  palpebrse  supcrioris  ; 
the  latter  —  the  larger  of  the  two  —  divides  into 
three  branches,  which  pass  to  the  rectus  internus, 
rectus  inferior,  and  lesser  oblique.  The  last  fur- 
nishes a  filament,  which  passes  to  the  ophthalmic 
ganglion. 

MOTORIAL,  Motory. 

MOTOR  PAT  HY,  Kinosipathy. 

MO'TORY,  Motive.  Motor,  Moto'rinl,  Molrix, 
Kitiet'ic  or  Cinet'ic,  (F.)  Muteur.     Same  etymon. 


That  which  moves  or  causes  movement,  ns  motor 
nerves,  in  contradistinction  to  sensory. 

]\IOTO.'^,  Lintcuin,  Tent. 

MOTO'SIS,  t^oToi,  'lint.'  The  application  of 
lint  to  a  wound. 

MOTRICITE,  Motility. 

MOTRIX,  M<.tory. 

MOTTE,  Mons  veneris. 

MOTUM,  Carbasus,  Linteum. 

MOTUS,  Motion  — m.  Assimilationis,  Plnstic 
force — m.  Automaticus,  sec  Automatic — m.  Com- 
pressorius.  Peristole — m.  Cordis  diastalticns,  Dia- 
stole— m.  HaMuorrhoidalis,  Ilivinorrhois— in.  Iti- 
testinorum,  Borborygmus — m.  Involuntiirius,  spo 
Autoeinesis — m.  Peristalticus,  Peristole — m.  Tes- 

tudineus,  Peristole — m.  Vermicularis,  Peristole 

m.  Voluntarius,  Autoeinesis. 

JIOUCHE,  Cantharis  —  m.  d'Kspnyne,  Can- 
tharis. 

MOUCHER  U ACTION  BE,  Munctio. 

31  OUCHES,  see  Pains,  labour  — ?».  Vohnitei, 
see  Metamorphopsia. 

MOUCHETURE.  see  Scarification. 

3/OUCHOm  EN  TRIANGLE,  Couvrechef, 
see  Bnndeau. 

MOUFETTE,  see  Mcphitism. 

MOULD,  Fontanella. 

MOULE.  Mytilus  cdulis. 

MOULEUR,  Muller. 

MOULTING,  Desquamation. 

MOUNTAIN  ASH,  Sorbus  acuparia— m.  Ash, 
American,  Sorbus  Americana — m.  Sickness, 
Puna. 

3/OURElLLER,  Malpighia  mourella. 

3/0  UN  ON  DES  OlSEAUX,  Alsine  media— 
in.  Jionije,  Anagallis. 

MOUSE-EAR,  Alsine  media,  Ilicracium  pilo- 
sella. 

MOUSE-SIGHT,  Myopia. 

310USSE  DE  CORSE,  Corallina  Corsioniia 
— Hi.  d'Islonde,  Lichen  Islandicus — m.  d'/rlnnde, 
Fueus  crispus — »«.  3Iarine  perlee,  Lichen  Island- 
icus— m.  Perlee,  Fucus  crispus. 

3fOUSSERON,  see  Agaric, 

3I0USSEUX,  Frothy. 

3fOrSTACHE,  Mystax. 

3fO0T  DE  LA  BIERE,  Wort. 

3I0VTARDE,  Sinapis  — m.  des  Allcmmuh, 
Cochlearia  armoracia — m.  des  3toinea,  Cochlearia 
arinoracia. 

MOUTH,  Sax.  mu«,  Os,  Cavum  Oris,  Stoma, 
Gab,  (Sc.)  3row,  (Prov.)  Gob,  (F.)  Ronche.  This 
word  sometimes  signifies  the  cavity  situate  be- 
tween the  jaws,  and  containing  the  tongue,  &c.; 
— at  others,  the  outer  orifice  of  that  cavity.  The 
mouth,  in  the  first  acceptation,  Cav'itas  seu  Spn'- 
tinm  Oris,  is  the  cavity  :  bounded,  above,  by  the 
palatine  arch;  heloiv,  by  the  tongue;  h(fore,hy 
the  lips;  and  behind,  by  the  velum  palati  and 
pharynx.  The  sides  of  the  mouth  and  the  or- 
gans it  contains  are  lined  by  a  mucous  ineinbrane. 
The  anterior  aperture  of  the  mouth  is,  soinetiines, 
called  yV(C(nif — the  posterior,  plinrynf/eal.  In  the 
mouth  are  the  teeth,  gums,  alveolar  margin?, 
tongue;  the  excretory  ducts  of  the  salivary 
glands,  and  those  of  a  number  of  mucous  fiilliclcs, 
<fec.  It  is  in  this  cavity  that  the  food  is  cut,  torn, 
or  bruised  by  the  teeth ;  is  impregnated  with 
saliva,  and  formed  into  a  mass  or  bolns,  which  ij 
then  subjected  to  the  act  of  deglutition.  The 
mouth  contains  the  organs  of  taste  ;  and  it  serves 
in  respiration,  articulation,  expectoration,  suc- 
tion, Ac. 

The  condition  of  the  mouth  requires  to  be  at- 
tended to  in  Semeiolofiy.  The  state  of  the  mu- 
cous membrane,  like  that  of  the  timgue,  indicates 
the  condition  of  the  membrane  of  the  alimentary 
canal  generally. 


MOUVEMEXT 


607 


MUCRO 


Mouth,  Oh,  Apeilu'ra,  On'/ic"iiim,  Hiti'tim, 
reriHio'iiiiiim,  is,  al«i).  applied  to  the  open  extre- 
mitit'^  of  vessels  or  other  cunuls. 

Mouth  Koor,  Coptis. 

Mouth,  Sokk,  Aphthae. 

Mouth  VVatkhino,  see  Salivation. 

MOUVEMENT,  Motion — m.  Peristaltiqiie,  see 
Peristole. 

MOVEMENT,  Motion— m.  Cure,  Kine-Mpathy. 

MOVV,  Mouth. 

MOXA,  Moxibu'rium.  A  word  b}'  which  the 
Chinese  and  Japanese  desij^nate  a  cottony  stiU- 
stanee,  which  they  prepare  by  beatinj^  the  dried 
leaves  of  the  A>-tciiiiniii  mojca, —  a  kind  of  niuir- 
wort.  With  this  down  they  form  a  cone,  which 
is  placed  upon  the  part  intended  to  be  cauterized, 
and  is  set  fire  to  at  the  top.  The  heat  and  pain 
gradually  increase,  in  proportion  as  the  coiiilius- 
tion  proceeds  downwards,  until  ultimately  an 
eschar  may  be  formed.  In  Europe  and  this 
country,  the  same  operation  is  usually  practised 
with  a  cylinder  of  cotton-wool,  or  with  one  formed 
from  the  pith  of  the  greater  sun-flower.  This 
mode  of  cauterization  is  employed  as  a  powerful 
Counter-irritant;  which  it  assuredly  is.  Slouj^h- 
iiig  may  be  in  some  measure  prevented,  according 
to  I5aron  Larrey,  by  the  application  of  liquid  am- 
monia to  the  burnt  part. 

The  term  moxa  has  been  extended  to  any  sub- 
stance, which  by  gradual  combustion  on  or  near 
the  skin  is  emf)loyed  as  a  counter-irritant,  —  as 
the  electric  or  (/alvniiic  moxa  or  cmifeiy,  in  which 
voltaic  electricity  is  employed  as  the  cauterizing 
agent. 

MOXIRURTUM,  Moxa. 

MOXIBUS'TION,  Moxibus'Ho,  Moxocnu'eU, 
Eiicdit'iiis.  Mode  of  cauterization  by  means  of 
uioxa. 

MOXOCAUSrS,  Moxibustion. 

MOXON'S  EFFERVESCING  MAGNESIA, 
jee  Magnesia,  effervescing,  Moxon's. 

MUCAGO,  Liquor  sanguinis.  Mucilage. 

MUCARUM,  Mucharum. 

MUCCINIUM,  Mucilage. 

MUCEDO,  Mucilage. 

MUCIIA'RUM,  J/^KCff'non.  A  barbarous  term, 
formerly  used  for  an  aqueous  infusion  of  roses, 
sweetened,  and  evaporated  to  the  consistence  of 
syrup. 

MUCIFIC,  Blennogenou.o. 

MU'CIFORM,  Mnvifonii'lx,  3fy.co'dei<,  Blen- 
fio'des,  Dlennot'deH,  liteiinoVdeuH,  from  jiiiiciih, 
and  /i)niiii,  'form.'  Resembling  mucus  in  cha- 
racter or  appear<ance. 

MU'CILAGE,  Muclln'fjo,  Muca'f/o,  Mnce'do, 
Mdvcin'iiiiii,  from  the  Lat.  mitciis,  —  itself  pre- 
sumed to  be  from  miiiiijeic,  iinnutinii,  'to  wipe  the 
niise.'  A  mixture  of  gum  and  a  small  quantity 
of  matter  analogous  to  mucus,  which  is  found  in 
abundance  in  linseed,  quince-seed,  <fec.  It  is  ob- 
tained by  healing  in  water  the  parts,  or  pro- 
ducts, of  plants  which  contain  it.  It  is  much 
used  in  the  preparation  of  emollient  cataplasms 
and  the  greater  part  of  the  demulcent  tisaneH, 
(F.)  Hydnd^x,  Hydndittfi. 

J[l'('II^A(JE,  see  Liquor  sanguinis — m.  Adrnijant, 
Mucilago    astragali    tragacanthre  —  in.  df  (/nmnie 
Adnii/ttiite,  Mucilago  astragali  tragacanthie  —  m. 
de  (/oiiiiiie  Arabiqiie,  Mucilago  acaciye. 
Mi'ciLAOK,  Animai,,  Mucus. 
MUCILAGE  ARAIUQFE,  Mucilago  ncaciae 
— m.  of  Rarley,  Mucilago  hordei — m.  of  Quince- 
seeds,  Decoctuin  cydoniiv — m.  of  Rice,  see  Oryza 
—  m.  of  Sassafras  Pith,  Infusuin  sassafras  me- 
dulltv. 
iIt;ciLACE,  Starch,  Mucilago  amyli.  i 


MVCTLACINEUX,  Mucilaginou.". 

MUCILAU"IXOU.-^,  MinUcujliio'niix,  Gummo'- 
siis,  G II  III  III  I  o' den.  Giiiiuiiido'des,  iF.)  J/iicihujiiieiix. 
Gummy.  Resembling  gum.  That  which  pos- 
sesses the  character  of  mucilage. 

MUCILAUO,  iMucilage,  Mucilago  Acacire,  Sy- 
novia. 

Mucilago  Acx'ci^.,  JA  Acnrice  AiaVivm  sen. 
Giniiiiii  Arnb'IccB,  J/iici/ii'yo,  Miatn'rii  Ain'cim, 
Mncilnije  of  ucu'ciii  or  i>f  (jiim  Arnbic,  (F.)  Jlmi- 
Iriije  Artibiiiiie  ou  de  //(nnine  Arabiqiie.  {Acin-iff 
(jiiiii.  contus.  Jiv;  at/.  biiNieiit.  Oss.  Rub  the 
gum  with  the  water  gradually  added.)  Demul- 
cent. To  allay  cough  ;  but,  chiefly,  to  suspend 
insoluble  matters  in  water,  &c. 

Mucilago  Am'yli,  Starrh  miiciln;/e,  Dcror'liim 
Aiii'i/li.  (Aiiii/li,  ^\\y,  nqiitF,  Oj.  Rub  the  starch 
with  the  water  gradually  addeil  ;  then  boil  till  it 
forms  a  mucilage.— I'h.  L.)  Demulcent.  Gene- 
rally given  per  auiiiii. 

Mucilago  Akticclouu.m  sen  Ju.ncturaulji, 
Synovia. 

Mucilago  Astrag'alt  Tragacan'thjE.  3F.  tm- 
f/acinillicB  (Ph.  U.  S.)  seu  giimiiii  traijaeiintha, 
Miifil(i//e  (if  trngdciiiilli,  Jfiuiliiije  Adnii/iiiit  OU 
de  gomiiie  Adrni/oiile.  (Giinniii  tniijficiiiilh.  ^j  ; 
aifiice  bidlieiil.  Oj.  Macerate  for  24  hours  ;  tritu- 
rate till  the  gum  is  disscdved,  and  press  through 
linen.)     Used  for  pharmaceutical  purposes. 

Mucilago  Crktica,  Misturae  cretoe — m.  Gum- 
mi  Arabici,  M.  acacias. 

Mitcila'go  IIor'dki,  Ifu'cilage  of  Barley. 
{Hordei,  ^sf,  (avoir<lupois)  AqiicE,  f^xvi.  Tri- 
turate well;  and  boil.  Ph.  D.)  A'vehicle  for 
substances  given  in  enemata. 

Mucilago  Skhinis  Cydonii  Malt,  Decoctum 
cydoniao  —  m.  Guuimi  tragacanthse,  M.  astragali 
tragacanthie  —  in.  Tragacanthse,  M.  astragali 
tragacanlhiw. 

MUCIN.  Jrucus. 

MUCIP'AROUS,  Miicij/aniK,  (F.)  Miivlj>are, 
from  riniciin,  nnd  pario,  'I  bring  forth.'  Mucous- 
producing;  as  miicipriroiiH  glands  or  follicles. 

MUCI'TIS,  3fi/coderiiii'tis,  from  mucus,  and 
!</«,  denoting  inflammation.  A  term,  badly  formed, 
for  inflammation  of  a  mucous  membrane. 

MUCKSWEAT,  Desudatio. 

MUCOCE'LE,  Ilcruiii  uneei  lacri/mn'lis,  from 
niKci/v,  and  kiiXh,  'rupture.'  An  enlargement  or 
protrusion  of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  lachry- 
mal passages,  giving  occasion  to  fistula  lacry- 
malis.     Also,  dropsy  of  the  lacrymal  sac. 

MUCO-ENTEKITIS,  see  Enteritis. 

MUCO-PU'RULENT,  Miico-pitrvJeu'tns,  Pijo. 
bleii'iiiciin,  from  miiciii,  and  pus.  Having  the 
character  or  appearance  of  mut-us  and  pus. 

MUCOR,  Euros,  Mucus  —  m.  Narium,  Nasal 
mucus. 

MUCOSTN,  see  Mucus. 

MUCOSITAS,  Mucosity,  Mucus. 

MUCOS'ITY,  A/iieos'ifas,  (F.)  Mucoxite.  A 
fluid,  which  resembles  mucus,  or  contains  a  cer- 
tain quantity  of  it. 

MUCOUS.  Muio'suo,  (F.)  Muqueu.r.  An  epi- 
thet for  all  bodies  containing  mucilage  or  niucu.-. 
It  is,  also,  somctiiues  used  .sj'nonymously  with 
grnmmy.  In  piilhidoijy,  it  is  occasionally  em- 
ployed to  express  the  seat  of  a  tlisease,  as  mueous 
diseiiie,  mucous  pli/ef/mnnia  ;  that  is,  having  its 
seat  in  a  inLicous  membrane. 

Mi'COi's  CoiiPuscLKS.  see  Mucus  —  m.  Layer, 
see  Tdclip  eiuliri/ouimire  —  ni.  Membranes,  see 
Membranes  —  tu.  Web,  Corpus  mucosum. 

MUCRO,  Apex. 


MUCRONATA   CARTILAGO       G08 


M  U  L  S  U  M 


MrcRO  seu  Cor'yplie  sou  FnnJns  sou  Vertex 
Cordis.     The  apex  or  point  of  the  heart. 

MucdO  HuMEiii,  Acromion. 

MUCRONATA  CARTILAGO,  Xiphoid  car- 
tilage. 

MUCRONATUM  OS,  Xiphoid  cartilage. 

MU'CULENT,  Muculen'tua,  from  mucus.  Slimy, 
viscid. 

MUCUNA,  see  Dolichos  pruriens  —  m.  Pru- 
riens,  Dolichos  pruriens  —  m.  Prurita,  see  Do- 
lichos pruriens. 

MUCUS,  Marnr,  ifnco'sus  humor,  3[ucns' itas, 
Myxd,  3I1JCUH,  Lcijie,  Pitui'ta,  Bleiiiia,  Zuoiiii/'- 
cus,  Zoom!/x'a,  Pit'uite,  Animal  mucus,  Animal 
muciUifje,  (F.)  31uqueu.c  animal,  Morve,  Jfucilaije 
animal,  presumed  to  be  from  mumjere,  'to  wipe 
the  nose.'  A  substance,  analogous  to  vegetable 
mucilage;  from  which,  however,  it  differs,  by 
aflFording  subearbonate  of  ammonia  on  distilla- 
tion. Mucus  exudes  through  the  skin,  in  a  state 
of  combination  with  a  peculiar  oily  matter ;  and, 
drying,  forms  the  epidermis.  It  constitutes,  in 
part,  the  different  epidermeous  productions,  as 
the  hair,  nails,  wool,  and  horn  of  animals,  featliers 
of  birds,  and  scales  of  fish.  It  is  found  at  the 
surface  of  the  mueous  membranes,  and  presents 
some  difference  in  its  composition  and  properties, 
according  to  the  particular  mucous  membrane 
from  which  it  is  obtained.  Its  chief  organic  con- 
stituent is  an  albuminoid  compound, — mucin,  inu- 
cosin.  Mucus  preserves  the  membranes  moist, 
and  in  a  state  best  fitted  for  the  performance  of 
their  functions.  The  French  give  the  term  rjlaire 
to  the  thick,  stringy  nuicus,  secreted  by  the  mu- 
cous membranes  when  in  a  state  of  disease. 


AVhen  mucus  is  cxnniined  with  the  niiorospopo 
it  is  found  to  contain  numerous  epithelial  scales 
or  flattened  cells  ;  together  with  round,  granular 
bodies,  commonlj'  termed  mucaus  corpuHvlm  or 
mucous  (jtoliules,  wliich  are  contained  in  a  fluid 
portion — liquor  muvi. 

Mucus  Caupiiodks,  see  Carphndca — m.  Ca- 
tharticus,  Lichen  Islandicus — m.  Malpighii,  Cor- 
pus mucosum — m.  Narium,  Nasal  mucus. 

MUD-APPLE  PLANT,  Solanum  melongena. 

MUDAR,  JI/((f/f<)-.  The  Calotropis  mudnrii  »ea 
madarii,  C.  tfiijante'n,  Ascle'pias  (jiijanle'ii,  Mtt- 
do'rius.  Ord.  AsclepiadaceiB.  In  the  Hindoo 
practice  of  physic,  the  bark  of  the  root,  as  well 
as  the  concrete  juice  of  the  plant,  enters  into 
various  coiu[)ound  formuliB  for  the  cure  of  ele- 
phantiasis and  many  otlier  disorders.  Experi- 
ments instituted  by  Dr.  Duncan,  Jr.,  exhiliit  its 
properties  to  be  like  those  of  ipecacuanha.  Mixed 
with  oil  it  is  used  in  gout  in  Malabar. 

MUDGE'S  INHALER,  .see  Inhaler. 

MUDLICK,  see  Kentucky,  Mineral  waters  of. 

BfUGUET,  Aphthae,  Convallaria  maialis  — m. 
des  Bdis,  Asperula  odorata — m.  de  Mai,  Conval- 
laria maialis. 

MUGWORT,  Artemisia  vulgaris. 

3LULA  TRE,  Mulatto. 

MULATTO,  (F.)  Muldtre,  (S.)  Mulata.  An 
individual  of  the  human  species  engendered  of  a 
white  and  black  race;  from  mulus,  'a  mule.' 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  proportion  of 

white  blood  in  the  various  castes,  —  arising  from 

the  hybridous  admixture  of  wiiite  and  Iilack, — 

1  according  to  the  principles  sanctioned  by  usage. 


OFFSPRING. 


DEGREE  OP  MIXTURE. 


Negro  and  White Mulatto 1-2    White,  1-2    Black. 

White  and  Mulatto, Terceron 3-4  1-4     

„               ,•,,,,                            f  Griffo,  Griff,  or  Zambo,  )  ,   .  „  , 

Nesro  and  Mulatto {           -.-,-,     ,    >,,                  '  \  1-4  A-\     

iic^w  ,  [or  Black  Terceron,      J 

White  and  Terceron, Quarteron  or  Quadroon, 7-8  1-8     

Negro  and  Terceron Black  Quarteron  or  Quadroon  ....  1-8  7-8     

White  and  Quarteron Quinteron, 1;')-16  1-lfi    

Negro  and  Black  Quarteron, Black  Quinteron 1-lG  lj-16   


The  last  two  wore  considered  to  be  respectively 
■white  and  black,  in  the  British  West  India 
Islands:  and  the  former,  prior  to  modern 
changes,  were  white  by  law,  and  consequently 
free.     See  Half-caste. 

Mulatto  Jack,  Fever,  yellow. 

MULBERRY  CALCULUS,  see  Calculi,  uri- 
nary. 

Mul'bef.ry  Mass.  The  mulberry-like  appear- 
ance, presented  by  the  embryo,  at  a  very  early 
stage,  when  the  different  cells  have  drawn  around 
them  a  portion  of  the  vitellus  or  yolk. 

Mulberry  Rash,  see  Typhus — ra.  Red,  Morns 
rubra  —  m.  Tree,  Morus  nigra  —  m.  Wild,  Morus 
rubra. 

3[ULES  (F.),  3Tnl(B.     Chilblains  on  the  heels. 

MULET,  Hybrid. 

MULGE'DIUM  ACUMINA'TUM,  (muh/ere, 
niuhum,  '  to  milk,')  Lnctu'ca  villo'sa,  Blue  Let- 
tuce;  and 

Mulgf.'dium  Florida'num,  Ladu'ca  Florida'- 
ni,  Sonchus  Florida'uus,  False  Lettuce;  indige- 
nous plants;  Order,  Composite  ;  have  the  repu- 
tation of  curing  the  bites  of  rattlesnakes. 

MULIEBRIA,  Menses,  Vulva. 

MULIEBRITY,  Mulieritas. 


JIULIEBROS'ITAS,  Phylogijn'ia,  from  mulier, 
'a  woman,'  nniliebris,  'appertaining  to  women.' 
Fondness  for  women.  Hence,  Muliehn/aiis,  Mu- 
liera'rius,  and  Muliero'sus ;  one  who  is  fond  of 
women. 

MULIEBROSUS,  see  Muliebrositas. 

MULIERARIUS,  see  Muliebrositas. 

MULIE'RITAS,  Mnlieb'rit,/,  Womanhood,  from 
mulier,  'a  woman.'  The  state  of  puberty  in  the 
female. 

MULIEROSUS,  see  Muliebrositas. 

MULIER  PLENA,  Pregnant. 

MULLED  WINE,  see  Wine. 

MULLEIN,  BLACK,  Verbascum  nigrum  — m. 
Broad-leaved,  great,  Verbascum  nigrum  —  m. 
Yellow,  Verbascum  nigrum. 

M\JLL'Ell,{F.)  Mouleur.  A  moulder.  A  stone 
held  in  the  hand,  with  which  any  powder  is 
ground  upon  a  horizontal  slab.  It  is  sometimes 
called  mullet,  (F.)  Mollelte. 

MULLIGRUBS,  Tormina,  Colic. 

MULLIX.  Mclizomum. 

MULOMEDICIXA,  Veterinary  art. 

MULOMEDICUS,  see  Hippiater. 

MULSA  ACIDA,  Oxyglycus. 

MULSUM,  Ilydrotneli— m.  Vinosum,  CEnomeL 


MULTIFIDUS   SriN.E 


60  9 


MUSA 


MULTIFIDUS  SPIN/E,  Transversalis  dorsi. 
MUI/riF(ETA"riON,  Mnltif.fta'tio,  from  mul- 
iHt,  'iiiiiny,'  and  fwtus.     Pregnancy  with  more 
than  two  fouluses. 

MULTILOC'ULAR,  Miihilocida'ris,  from  mnl- 
litH,  'uiiiny,'  and  lucitlite,  'a  cell.'  Having  many 
cells  or  small  cavities. 

MULTIMAM'iM^E,  (F.)  Multimammeit,  from 
iiiultns,  '  many,'  and  mnnima,  '  a  breast,'  A  variety 
of  hyporgoncsis,  in  which  there  are  supernume- 
rary niammsB. 

MULTIP'AROUS,  Mtdtip'nrna,  (F.)  Multipare, 
from  mnllns,  '  many,' and  pan're,  '  to  bring  forth.' 
One  that  brings  forth  several  young  at  the  same 
time.     Sucli  a  hirtli  is  called  p/iiraL 

M IJL  Til' L/C  A  TlOy  MERISMA  TIQ  UE,  see 
Generation. 
MUr/tlTUDO,  Plethora. 
MUT,TIVOKANTIA,  Polyphagia. 
MULTIVOKOUS,  Polyphagous. 
MUM  I  A,  Mummy — m.  de  Medullis,  Marrow. 
MUMISATIO,  Mummification. 
MUMMIFICA'TION,  Miimim'tio,  from  mum- 
viy,  and   fit>,   '  to   be    made.'     Sceleteu'sis,      The 
mode  of  preparing  a  mummy. 

MUMMY,  Mnmia,  Arab.  Jifc»imi/a,  from  mum, 
'wax.'  Jicholeii,  Itehoua,  (F.)  Momie.  A  dead 
body  simply  dried,  or  dried  after  having  been 
embalmed.  The  latter  acceptation  is  the  most 
common.  Formerly,  the  Egyptian  mummy  was 
extolled  as  useful  in  contut^ions.  It  was  pre- 
sumed, also,  to  have  healing,  tonic,  and  resolvent 
]iropeitics.  It  is  now  only  regarded  as  an  arcliai- 
cal  curiosity. 
MUMPS,  Cynanche  parotidea. 
MUNCIIATOE,  Mystax. 

MUXC'TIO,  Apomex'in,  (F.)  I'Action  de  mott- 
rher,  from  miiiigere,  miiiictum,  '  to  blow  the  nose.' 
The  act  of  blowing  the  nose. 

MUXDIFIOANTIA,  Detergents. 
MUN'DIKrCATrVA,  Detergents. 
MUND'TIA  SPIXO'SA.     A  plant  of  the  Nat. 
Oril.  I'olygaleiC,  which  grows  in  Southern  Africa, 
iind  a  decoction  of  whose  branches    is   used    in 
atroiiliy.  phthisis,  Ac. 
MUXCOS  RADIX,  Ophiorrhiza  mungos. 
MUXCRKL,  Hybrid. 

MUNIMENTUM  CASTITATIS,  Hymen. 
MUQUEUX  ANIMAL,  Mucus. 
MUR,  see  Coryza. 

MURAL,  Miirn'lh,  from  mnvtm,  'a.  wall.'    Ve- 
sical calculi  are  so  called,  when  rugous  and  co- 
vered  with    tubercles    or   asperities.     They   are 
composed  of  oxalate  of  lime. 
MURE.  Moro,  see  Jloros  nigra. 
MURFLES,  Ephelides,  PapuliB. 
MU'RIA,  H.dme.  Soh!/<i'f/o,  linne,   (¥.)  San- 
iiiHi-e,  {'aXfivpii,  'salt  water.')     This  was  formerly 
used  as  a  glyster  in  dysentery,  in  certain  invete- 
rate ncuralgiiB,  <tc. 
MuRiA,  Soda,  muriate  of. 
MURIAS  AURICO-NATRICUM,  see  Gold. 
Milt  [ATE    D'AMMONfAQUE,    Ammonis 
murias-5-;;i.  d'Aniiiiriiilaqiie  et  defer,  Ferrum  am- 
moniatiim — hi.  d'Or,  Gold,  muriate  of,  see  Gold. 
MURIAT'IC  ACID,  from  iii>,r;a ;  Ac"idtiv> 
tali)  sen  Dinii'iiiiiii  roucculrn'ltiin  sen  nalin  cnliiia'- 
tis  sen   '(din  niori'iii,  S/jir'iliiK  S(di8  mari'ni  seu 
tnlis    Gl'iidie'vi    seu    snlia    ac"idus    seu  fumann, 
Acidiim   ln/ilrorhli>r'iciiiii   seu   miiiiat'icum,  Spirit 
of  sail,  (F.)  Aride  /ii/rlrorh/orii/iie  ou  muriati<iHe. 
An  niineous  solution  of  chloroliydric  acid  gas  of 
s.  g.  111).     The  odour  of  muriatic  aciil  is  suflFo- 
eating;  t:iste  very  acid  and  caustic.     It  is  nearly 
39 


colourless  when  pure;  but  commonly  of  a  pale 
yellow;  volatile;    the    fumes   visible.      Muriatic 
acid  is  possessed  of  tonic  and  antiseptic  proper- 
ties.    It  is  used  in  tyjihus  ;  cutaneous  eruptions  ; 
in    gargles    for    inflammatory    and   putrid    sore 
throats,  (gtt.  xxx  to  f^vj  of  water,)  Ac.     When 
added  to  a  pediluvium,  it  renders  it  stimulating. 
AciDUii  MuHiAT'u'i'jr  Dilu'tum  of  the  Ph.  U. 
S.  contains  four  fluidounces  of  muriatic  acid,  to 
twelve  fluidounces  of  distilled  water. 
MURIDE,  Bromine. 
MURIER  NOIR,  Morus  nigra. 
MURI6ENE,  Chlorine. 
MURINA,  Bromine. 

MURMUR,  (F.)  Mnrvnire.  A  word  existing 
both  in  the  Romanic  and  Teutonic  languages,  and 
probably  a  variety  of  onomatopoeia;  —  mnr  mnr 
expressing  the  kind  of  sound  which  the  word  in- 
dicates. A  low  continued  or  continuously  re- 
peated sound,  as  that  of  flame,  or  of  a  stream 
running  over  a  stony  bottom. 

MuiiMiiR  AtMiitsi,  Tinnitus  Aurium  —  m.  In- 
testinale  seu  intestinorum  seu  Ventris,  Borboryg- 
mus. 

MuRMun,  Ees'tiratory.  (F.)  Bruit  rcspira- 
toire.  The  noise  heard  during  inspiration  and 
expiration,  especially  the  former.  It  is  j)roduccd 
by  the  pass.age  of  the  air  through  the  bronchial 
tubes  and  into  the  air-cells.  It  has  been  also 
called  nriirmur  of  the  expansion  of  the  liinffs,  (F.) 
limit  d'cjpati 810)1  puhnonaire ;  and,  when  dis- 
tinctly vesicular,  Jiespiraliou  of  the  cells  or  ve- 
sicular respiration,  (F.)  Respiration  ou  nnirmure 
vesicnlaire.  Vesicular  respiration  is  of  course 
absent  when  the  cells  of  the  lungs  have  been  ob- 
literated from  any  cause.  We  may  then  have 
the  Respiration  inille,  Absence  dn  bruit  rcspira- 
toire.  Silence,  and  Respiration  silencieuse  of  the 
French  writers. 

At  times,  it  is  rude  during  inspiration  or  expi- 
ration, or  both  —  the  Respiration  rude  or  R.  rd- 
peiise  of  the  French.  At  others,  there  is  a  blotc- 
iiKj  sound,  (F.)  Sonffle,  Respiration  sonj[}iante,  OS 
if  some  one  were  blowing  into  the  auscultator's 
ear  through  a  tube.  This  is  heard  in  the  healthy 
state  over  the  larynx,  trachea,  (F.)  Souffle  tra- 
cheal, and  about  the  bifurcation  of  the  bronchia, 
(F.)  Souffle  hronchique ;  but  when  it  proceeds 
from  the  lungs  it  denotes  disease.  It  may  be 
tubular  or  diffused.  In  the  former,  the  irhiffintj 
viurmnrs  appear  to  occur  in  a  space  limited  to  the 
immediate  neighbourhood  of  the  part  examined. 
In  the  latter,  they  are  produced  with  but  mode- 
rate intensity,  and  sometimes  at  a  distance  from 
the  ear,  over  a  tolerably  extended  space. 

The  respiration,  perceived  over  the  trachea  and 
bronchia  in  health,  is  called  tracheal  or  bronchial 
or  tubal,  (F.)  Respiration  bronchique,  Souffle  tn- 
baire,  according  to  the  situation  in  which  it  is 
heard. 

Murmur,  Uterine,  Bruit  placentaire  —  m. 
Utero-placental,  Bruit  jylacentaire. 

Murmur,  Whiffing,  see  Murmur,  respiratory. 
MURR,  Murrain,  from  A.  S.  mypphan,  'to 
destroy,' or  from  (L.)  nior?,  '  to  die.'  (F.)  Vlmeau, 
Clavelee,  Pestilential  Fever.  An  epizootic,  per- 
haps contagious,  disease,  having  some  resemblance 
to  small-pox,  which  affects  cattle  —  especially 
sheep;  and  is  said  to  have  been  transferred  to 
man. 

MURRAIN,  see  Coryza. 
MURREN,  Coryza. 

MUSA,  M.  Paradisiaca  — m.  Cliffortiana,  M. 
Paradisiaca — m.  Mensaria,  M.  Paradisiaca. 

JIusA  Paradisi'aca,  Musa,  M.  Mensa'ria  seu 
Cliffortiu'na,  Amusa,  Raima  hu'miliSj  Ficua  /»»'- 


MUSG 


610 


MUSCLE 


rfi'crt,  Bata,  Plat'aniis,  Plantain  tree.  Family, 
Musaceae.  8ex.  Si/nt.  Hexaudria  Jlonogynia. 
It  grows  in  many  parts  of  India  and  South 
America.  The  fruit,  which  is  hirgely  eaten  for 
bread,  consists  of  a  mealy  substance,  Plantain 
meal,  Conqnin-tay.  It  is  clammy;  has  a  sweetish 
taste,  and  will  dissolve  in  the  mouth  without  chew- 
ing. The  whole  spike  of  fruit  often  weighs  forty 
or  fifty  pounds.  The  leaves  of  the  tree  serve  the 
Indians  for  tablecloths  and  napkins.  Being 
smooth  and  soft,  they  are  also  employed  as  dress- 
ings for  blisters.  The  water  from  the  soft  trunk 
is  astringent,  and  sometimes  used  in  diarrhoea. 

MusA  Sai'IEn'tum.  The  Bnna'na  tree,  Baco'- 
ha,  (F.)  Bananier,  Bacove.  This  differs  some- 
wliat  from  the  last.  The  fruit,  Bana'na,  (S.) 
J'latano,  is  shorter,  straighter,  and  rounder  ;  the 
j)ulp  softer  and  of  a  more  luscious  taste.  When 
ripe,  it  is  very  agreeable ;  it  is  eaten  like  the 
jilantain,  and  relished  by  all  ranks  of  people  in 
the  West  Indies.  Both  varieties  are  natives  of 
Guinea. 

MUSC,  Musk. 

MUSCA  HISPANICA,  Cantharis. 

MUSC^  ENTO- HYALOID,  see  Metamor- 
phopsia — m.  Volitantes,  see  Metamorphopsia. 

jaiUSCADE,  see  Myristica  moschata. 

3IUSUADIER,  Myristica  moschata. 

MUSCERDA,  Moschardina. 

MUSCLE,  (old  Eng.)  Brawn,  3[ns' cuius,  Torus, 
Lacer'tus,  Mys,  31  yon,  from  //uj.  'a  mouse  or  rat;' 
because,  say  some  etymologists,  the  ancients  com- 
pared the  muscles  to  flayed  mice  or  rats.  Accord- 
ing to  Diemerbroeck,  Douglass,  Chaussier,  <fcc., 
/uvuv  comes  rather  from  \ivuv,  '  to  close,'  '  to  move,' 
Ac.,  a  function  proper  to  muscles.  This  etymon 
is  tJie  more  probable.  Muscles  have  been  divided 
into  those  of  Animal  life  or  of  the  life  of  relation 
—  voluntary  muscles  —  which  execute  movements 
under  the  influence  of  the  will;  as  the  muscles 


of  the  limbs,  head,  trunk,  <te.,  and  info  thnje  of 
organic  life — involuntary  hi i(«c/<»— which  i-ontriict 
under  the  influence  of  certain  s])ecial  stiuiuH  :  iis 
the  heart,  fleshy  fibres  of  the  stomach,  &c.  Mixed 
muscles  are  those  which  belong  jiiirtly  to  eiich  of 
these  divisions;  —  as  the  muscles  of  resi)ir!iti(iii  • 
the  sphincters,  <tc.  Muscles  that  net  in  oppo- 
sition to  each  other  are  called  anfat/onista ,-  tliiis, 
every  extensor  has  a  flexor  for  an  antagdiii.st,  and 
conversely.  Muscles  that  concur  in  the  same 
action  are  termed  con<jtnerous.  The  nnifcUs 
present  numerous  varieties  in  form,  size,  situa- 
tion, use,  &c.,  and  have  been  divided,  hy  some, 
into  long,  broad,  and  short.  Each  of  these  divi- 
sions comprises  simple  and  compound  niiiscles. 
Simple  or  rectilinear  muscles  have  all  their  filircs 
in  a  similar  direction,  and  only  one  body — as  tiio 
Sartorius,  Pronator  quadratus,  <tc.  Cotiijiininil 
muscles  are  those  which  have  only  one  belly  aTid 
several  tendons,  as  the  flexors  of  the  fingers  and 
toes;  or  several  bellies  and  several  tcnddus, — iis 
the  biceps  flexor  cubiti,  sacro-luinbalis,  <tc.  To 
the  compound  muscles  belong,  also,  the  rudlulni 
muscles.  Their  fibres  set  out  from  a  common 
centre,  and  are  arranged  like  the  radii  of  a  circle; 
—  such  are  the  diajihragm,  ilincus,  temporal,  kc. 
Pennated  or  Penniform  JUnscles.  Their  fibres 
are  arranged  in  two  rows,  which  are  united  at  a 
median  line,  at  greater  or  less  angles;  nearly  iis 
the  feathers  are  inserted  into  a  quill.  The  piil- 
maris  longus  is  one  of  these.  Semi-peuvlfarm 
muscles:  their  fibres  are  oblique,  as  in  the  liist 
case ;  but  they  are  inserted  only  on  one  siile  of 
the  tendon.  Hollow  Muscles  are, — the  heart,  in- 
testines, urinary  bladder,  <fec. 

Much  difference  has  existed  in  the  enumera- 
tion of  muscles.  Some  authors  reckon  them  iit 
upwards  of  400.  Chaussier  admits  only  iitiS. 
The  greater  part  of  them  are  in  ijuira.  Very  fVw 
are  azygous. 


TABLE    OF    THE  MUSCLES,  ARRANGED  AFTER  THE   MANNER    OF   DR.  BARCLAY, 
ACCORDING  TO  THEIR   ACTIONS. 


THE    HEAD    IS    MOVED 


Forwards  by 

riatysma  myoides, 
Sterno-mastoiiteus, 
Rectus  aiiticus  major, 
"  "         minor. 

Assisted  {when  the  lower  jaw  is 
fixed)  by 

Mylo-hyoideus, 
Genio-hyoideus, 
(!eiiio-hyo-glo3SU3, 
Digastric!. 


Backwards  by 

Part  of  trapezius, 
Splenius  capitis, 
Ciiiiiplexus, 
Traclielo-iiiastoidniis, 
Rectus  posticus  major, 
"  "         minor, 

Obhquus  capitis  superior. 


To  either  side  by 

Platysina  myoides, 
Steriio-rnastoideiis, 
Part  of  trapezius, 
Splenius  capitis, 

cciii, 
Traclipln-iiiasloideus, 
CoHiplexus. 


THE    NECK   IS    MOVED 


Forwards  by 

Platysma  myoides, 

Sti'rno-mastoideus, 

Diiastriciis, 

Mylo  hyoideus, 

Genio-hyoideus, 

Genio-liyo-glossus 

Omo  hyoidei, 

Sterno-hyoidei, 

Thyro-hyoidei, 

Rectus  anticus  minor, 

Longus  colli. 


V 


Backwards  by 

Part  of  trapezius, 
Rlionilioideiis  minor, 
Perratiis  posticus  superior, 
Splenius  capitis, 

colli, 
Coinploxiis, 
Tracliflo-mastoideus, 
Transversalis  colli, 
Iiiterspinalf's  colli, 
Seniispiiialis  colli, 
Rectus  posticus  m.ijor, 
"  "        minor. 

Obliquus  capitis  superior, 
■•  "       inferior, 

Scaleni  postici, 
Levator  scapuls. 


Laterally  by 

Various  comliinations  of  thono  mm- 
cles  which  srparalciv  move  it  for 
wards  and  liackwards  assi.Med  hy 
tlie  sralcni,  iotertrans\irsaie3,  and 
recti  lateralca. 


MUSCLE 


(11  1 


MUSCLE 


Forwards  by 


THE    TRUNK    IS    MOVED 
Bacliicnrda  by 


Rentii.i  ainlominis, 
Pyraniiilulis. 

Ulilin'iO''  L'Xterniis  abilominis, 
l)bli(|iiiiK  iiiti'i'iius, 
I'ltdas  111,-iKiiiis, 
parvus, 


Trapoziiis, 
Rhiiinlioiilcus  major, 
I.aiissiMiiis  (lorsi, 
Si.Tratus  posticus  superior, 
"  "  inferior, 

Sacro-lumbalis, 
L"Ti!!i.-'siMius  (lorsi, 
Amistcd  [when  the  (irms  are  carried    PpiiKcIrs  dnr<j, 

forward!-)  bij  Si-riii-^liinali's'dorsi, 

Pectoralis  major,  IMultifnlus  spio^p, 

fiiiiior,  Iiiicr-traMsVL-rsalcs  dorsi  et  lumbo- 

SerratuB  ma'Mius.  ruui. 


Literally  by 

Obliquus  externiis, 
iMleniiis, 
duailratus  luinliorura, 
L.oii<rissiu]us  (torsi, 
Sacro  liiiiibalis, 
Scrrati  postici, 
Latissiiiius  dorsi. 


U/iinnrds  by 

Tr;i|icziMS, 
I^cvMtor  s(  apiilaj, 
lllloniboiJei. 


THE    SCAPULA   IS    MOVED 


Downwards  by 

Lower  part  of  trapezius, 
Latissitiius  dorsi, 
Pectoralis  iiiinor. 


Forwards  by 

Pectoralis  minor, 
Serratus  niai'uus. 


Backwards  '-y 

Part  of  nap(,'zius, 
Khomboidei. 
Latissiuius  dorsi. 


Forwards  by 

Part  of  deltoid, 

Part  of  pectoralis  major. 


Backwards  by 

Part  of  deltoid. 
Teres  triajor, 
minor, 
Jissisted  in   some   circum-     liOnt'  licad  of  triceps, 

stances  by  Latissinius  dorsi. 

Ilireps, 
(Juracu-brachialis. 


THE    HUMERUS    IS    MOVED 

Inwards  by 


Part  of  pectoralis  major, 
Latissimus  dorsi. 


Rotated  inwards  by 
Siibscapularia, 

j^ssixted  occasionally  by 

Pectoralis  major, 

Laiisoiiuus  and  teres  ma- 
jor. 

Outwards  by 
Snpra-ppinatus, 
Infraspinatus, 
Teres  minor. 


Forwards  by 

Biceps, 

Bratbialis  anticus, 

Pronator  teres, 

Assisted  by 
Flexor  carpi  radialig 

"        suhlimis, 

"        ultiaris. 
Supinator  loiigus. 


THE    PORE-ARM   IS    MOVED 
Backwards  by 


Triceps, 
Anconeus. 


Rotated  inwards  by 

Pronator  teres. 
Flexor  carpi  radialis, 
Palmaris  loriffus. 
Flexor  subiimis. 
Pronator  qiiadratus, 

Outwards  by 
Biceps, 

Supinator  lirevis, 
Exiensor   secundi    inter- 
iiodii. 


THE    CARPUS   IS    MOVED 


Forwards  by 

Flexor  carpi  radialis, 

I'alinaris  |on!;us, 

flexor  sulilidiis, 
"        carpi  (ilnaris, 
'•        profundus, 
"       loiigus  pollicis. 


Backwards  by 


Outwards  by 


Extensor    carpi     radialis     Flexor  carpi  radialis, 

loiisior,  ~ 

Extensor     carpi     radialis 

brcvior. 
Extensor    secundi    iiiter- 

nodii. 
Indicator, 
Extensitr  cominunis  di^i- 

lornm. 
Extensor  proprius  pollicis. 


Inwards  by 

Flexor  sublimia. 
Extensor     carpi     radialis        "        carpi  ulnaria, 

lonirior.  "        profundus. 

Extensor     carpi     radialis  Extensor  communis  digi 

brevior,  torum. 

Extensor  ossis  inetararpi,  Extensor  minimi  disriti, 

Extensor  priini  interiiodii,  Extensor  carpi  ulnaria. 


THE    THUMB   IS   MOVED 


Inwards    and  forwards 
acriiis  the  palm,  by 

'M'ponens  pollicis, 
K'(  xoi  lirevis, 
"       Jon^ua 


Outwards  and  backwards 
by 


Upwards  and  forwards, 
nwny  from  the  other  fin- 
gers, by 


Extensor  ossis  meiacarpi    Abductor, 
pollicis, 

Extensor  priini  internodii,        Jlssisted  by  part  of  titt, 

Extensor    secundi    inter- 
nodii. 


Flexor  brevis. 


Barkirnrd^    and   inwards, 
to  the  other  fingers,  by 

Adductor, 

Rxtensor  primi  internodii. 
Extensor    secundi    inter- 
nodii. 


MUSCLE 


612 


MUSCLE 


THE    FINGERS    ARE    MOVED 


iliL'iti  iiiiiiiini,         Iiitorossei 


Outwards,    lo    rnilial    bor- 
Fbru,ards.  or  flexed,  by        Backwards,  or  extended,  by  dcr.  by  Inwards  U, 

Flexor  «Mt,limis,  Extensor  CHinnninis,  Abductor  in.iiris,  Al.rturtor.ligili  minimi, 

..        nr,if,iii.iii<j  "        iiiiaiuii  iligiti, 

•       1  ,■  .,1  .„  Tr,,i;,-nff.r  Interossei. 

IiitcriissfM, 

Flexor   brevis    digiti    mi- 
nimi, 
Abductor  digiti  minimi. 


Indicator. 


THE   THIGH   IS    MOVED 


Fomoards  by 

P3oas  nia;;niis, 
Jliacus, 

Tmisor  vagina;  femons, 
Fectinoiis. 
Adductor  loiieus, 
brevis. 


Backwards  by 

Glutoiis  nia\iiiuis. 
Part  nf  gluteus  medius, 
Pvrifiiriuis, 
Obturator  intemus, 
Part  of  adductor  niagnus, 
l.ouff  head  of  biceps, 
Pcuii-lendinosus, 
Seuii-menibrauosus. 


Inwards  by 


Psoas  maguus, 
Iliacus. 
Pcrtincus, 
Gracilis. 

Adductor  lonffus, 
brevis, 
"         niaunus. 
Obturator  cxtprnus 
auadratus  feinoris 


Outjraids  by 

Tensor  vasina-  femorls 
Glut(-us  iiiaxluiu!), 
"        medius, 
"        niiiiiinus, 
Pyriforniis. 


THE    THIGH    IS    ROTATED 


Inwards  by 

Tensor  vaaina;  femoris. 
Part  of  gluteus  medius, 

.and,  when    the  leg   is   ex- 
tended, by 

Sartorius. 
Semi-teiidinosus. 


Outwards  by 

Oluteuii  maxiuius. 
Part  of  iriuteus  mediilS, 
Pyriformis. 
Gemellus  superior. 
Obturator  iuternus, 
Gemellus  inferior. 
Ouadratus  femoris, 
Ohturalor  externus, 
Psoas  magnus, 
Iliacus. 

Adductor  longus, 
"         brevis, 
"        macniis. 
Biceps  cruris,  slightly. 


Backwards,  or  flexed,  by 

Semi-tendinosus, 

Hiceps, 

Semi-menibranosus, 

Gracilis, 

Sartorius, 

Popliteus. 


THE    LEG    IS    MOVED 

Extended  by 


Rectus, 
(Vureus, 

Vastus  externus, 
"        internus. 


THE    FOOT    IS    MOVED 


FbraarA?,  or  flexed,  by        Backwards,  or  extended  by  Inclined  inwards  by 


Tibialis  antirus. 
Extensor  proprius  pollicis. 
Extensor    lougus    digito- 

rum, 
Peroneus  tcrtius. 


Gastrocnemius, 

Plantaris, 

Soleus, 

Flexor  lonsus  diiitnrum, 

lonirus  pollicis, 
Tibialis  pnslirus, 
Peroneus  loniius, 
"         brevis. 


Extensor  proprius  pollicis, 
Flexor  lonsus  diaitoruui, 

loticus  pollicis, 
Tibialis  posticus. 


Outwards  by 

Peroneus  loncus, 
"         brevis. 
Extensor    loiigus    digito- 

riim, 
Peroneus  tertiiis. 


Backtcards.  or  flexed,  by 

Abductor  pollicis, 
Flexor  brevis  diiiforurn, 
Abductor  minimi  di;'iti, 
Flexor  Innsus  pollicis, 
(linitorum, 

"       accessorius, 
1,'imbricali's, 
FI"Xor  brevis  pollicis. 
Adductor  polli'-is 
Flexor  brevis  minimi   dl- 

eiti. 
luterosijei. 


THE   TOES    ARE   MOVED 
Forwards,  or  extended,  by  Inclined  inwards  by 

Extensor    longus    digito-     Abductor  pollicis, 

rum,  Interossei. 

Extensor  proprius  pollicis, 
"        brevis  digitorum. 


Outwards  by  - 

Adductor  pollicis. 

"        digiti  uiinimi, 
Interossei. 


MUSCLE  CAXiy 


013 


MUSCULINE 


Muscles  have  been  variously  named.  I.  Ac- 
Ciii'diiiij  to  their  usen,  as  diiiplinisjrn,  bucciniitor, 
extensors,  ilt'xors,  adductors,  ab<liictors,  levators, 
depressorii,  <fec.  2.  Acrordiur/  to  their  2iositioii, 
ns  interspinales,  interossei,  subclavius,  pojdita'us, 
anconeus,  cubitalis,  iliacus,  teinporaUs,  &c.  3. 
Acnirdiii/f  to  their  shape,  as  trapezius,  splenius, 
lumbricalis,  serratus,  digastric,  deltoid,  scalenus, 
rhoinboides,  &c.  4.  According  to  their  dinieii- 
tloiiH,  as  pectoralis  major,  rectus  capitis  anticus 
major,  pectoralis  minor,  gluticiis  inaxinius,  me- 
dia?, and  minimus.  6.  Aecordiixj  to  their  direc- 
tion, as  oblit[uus  abdominis,  transver.salis  abdo- 
uiinis,  rectus  fcmoris,  rectus  abdominis,  &c.  6. 
Acc'irdiiif/  to  their  composition,  as  semi-membra- 
nosus,  seini-tendinosus,  complexus,  ifce.  7.  Ac- 
cordiiKj  to  their  attach meiiti,  or  the  different 
points  of  the  skeleton  with  which  they  are  con- 
nected by  means  of  tendons  or  aponeuroses  ;  as 
(itcrno-cleido-inastoideiis,  storiio-liyoideus,  Ac. 
On  this  ia  grounded  the  nomenclature  of  M.  Du- 
mas, and  that  of  Chaus.-^ier. 

The  end  of  the  muscle,  which  adheres  to  the 
most  fixe<l  part,  is  usually  called  the  origin  or 
heitd,  (F.)  Tete  ;  and  that  which  adheres  to  the 
more  moveable  part,  the  insertion  or  tail,  (F.) 
Ijiteiie  ;  the  ititervening  part  or  body  of  the  mus- 
cle hcing  called  the  venter  or  hellij.  Venter  niun'- 
culi,  Me'dium  mns'cnli,  (F.)  Ventre:  hence  the 
niimes  gastrocnemii,  digastricus,  biceps,  and  tri- 
ceps ;  according  as  they  have  two  b'ellies,  two  or 
three  heads,  <fec. 

Muscles  are  formed,  —  1.  Essentially  of  the 
vinHcidiir  or  Jieih;/  fibre,  (see  Muscular  Fibre.) 
2.  Of  Areolar  tixsne,  which  unites  together  the 
fibres.  This  areolar  tissue  is  not  very  visible 
hctween  the  fine  and  loose  fibres  ;  but  becomes 
more  so,  when  they  unite  in  more  considerable 
fasciculi.  It  forms,  moreover,  to  each  muscle,  an 
external  envelope,  which  unites  it  to  the  neigh- 
bouring parts,  and  admits  of  its  motion.  This 
envelope  was  formerly  called  Tn'nica  pro'prin 
miinfulii'min.  3.  Of  Arteries.  These  proceed 
(torn  neighbouring  trunks,  and  are,  generally, 
very  large.  Their  size  and  number  arc  always 
in  proportion  to  the  bulk  of  the  muscle.  With 
llie  exception  of  some  viscera,  as  the  lungs  and 
the  kidneys,  there  are  few  organs  that  receive  as 
much  hlood  as  the  muscles.  4.  Of  Veins.  They 
follow  the  same  course  in  the  muscles  as  the  ar- 
teries. I5ichat  asserts  that  they  are  generally 
devoid  of  valves.  5.  Of  Lymphatics.  Of  these 
we  know  little,  and  cannot  easily  follow  them 
between  the  fleshy  fibres.  6.  Of  Xerves.  These 
are  numerous,  and  of  different  sizes.  They,  al- 
most all,  proceed  from  the  encephalon ;  some, 
however,  issue  from  ganglions,  and  accompany 
the  arteries.  In  general,  they  penetrate  the 
fleshy  tissue  along  with  the  vessels,  with  which 
tlicy  are  closely  united.  After  they  have  en- 
tered the  muscles,  fhey  divide  and  subdivide 
until  they  are  tost  sight  of. 

MU.'^CLE  C.\NFN,  Levator  anguli  oris  —  m. 
CanneU,  Ischio-trochnnterianus. 

MiiscLB  OF  Oavard.  Tho  oblique  muscular 
fibres  (if  the  stomach. 

MUSOLP;  GRAND  FESSTER.  Glutreus  ma- 
jor— m.  of  (juthrie,  Compressor  IJrethne — m.  of 
llorner,  Tensor  Tarsi— m.  of  Houston,  Compres- 
sor vena^  ilorsalis  penis  —  m.  tres  Large  du  dos. 
Latissimus  dorsi — ni.  of  Wilson,  Compressor  ure- 
thra\ 

MUS'CULAR,  ]fniscn/a'ris.  Muscnjo'sns,  Toro'- 
»"«.  (F.)  Jfnsenlaire,  ^fn>tcnlellx.  That  which 
belongs  or  relates  to  the  muscles.  Well  furnished 
with  muscles,  Laverto'sits, 

MisiM-LAU  Ar'tkrif.s.  Artcries  that  arc  dis- 
tributed to  the  uuiselcs.  The  name.  Muscular 
Arteries  of  the  eye,  has  been  especially  given  to 


two  branches  sent  off  by  the  ophthalraic  artery: 
—  the  one,  inferior,  which  furnishes  branches  to 
the  rectus  inferior  oculi,  lachrymal  sac,  <tc.,  and 
some  of  the  anterior  ciliary  arteries:  the  other 
— the  superior,  which  is  sometimes  wanting;  but, 
when  it  exists,  gives  branches  to  the  rectus  su- 
perior oculi  and  levator  palpchra;  superioris. 

Muscular  Contuac'tion.  The  exertion  of  the 
power,  possessed  by  muscles,  of  shortening  them- 
selves, or  of  contracting  to  produce  motion:  — 
muscular  motion  being  the  change  in  the  situa- 
tion and  relation  of  organs,  induced  by  muscular 
contraction.  When  a  muscle  contracts,  its  fibres 
assume  more  the  zigzag  direction,  and  the  extre- 
mities approximate  ;  but  the  bulk  of  the  whole 
muscle  is  not  augmented.  This  contraclion  takes 
place,  at  times,  with  extreme  velocity:  a  single 
thrill,  in  the  letter  n,  can  be  pronounced  in  the 
1-30, 000th  part  of  a  minute.  The  force  of  con- 
traction, 3fi/oihj'namis,  depends  upon  the  healthy 
physical  condition  of  the  muscle,  comliined  with 
due  energy  of  the  brain.  The  duration,  in  vo- 
luntary motion,  is  for  a  certain  time  dei>endent 
upon  the  will : — contractions,  excited  involunta- 
rily, cannot  be  so  long  maintained. 

Muscular  Cukre.nt.  A  current,  which,  ac- 
cording to  Matteucci,  exists  in  every  living  mus- 
cle, whose  tendinous  extremities  are,  not  equally 
disposed — one,  for  example,  forming  a  cord;  the 
other  broad  and  ribbon-like  —  and  which  circu- 
lates in  the  muscle  from  the  tendinous  extremity 
to  the  muscular  surface. 

Muscular  Fibre,  Fleshy  fibre,  Filum  muscu- 
la're,  Fibrii'la  musculo' ris.  A  name  given  to 
the  filaments,  which,  by  their  union,  form  the 
muscles.  This  fibre  is  flat,  soft,  downy,  linear, 
but  little  elastic,  and  more  or  less  red.  It  is 
firmer  in  adults  than  in  the  young  or  the 
aged:  of  the  same  size  in  the  great  and  small 
muscles;  and  runs  its  course  without  bifurcation 
or  ramification.  It  is  but  slightly  resisting  in  the 
dead  body,  tearing  readily  :  but  during  life  it 
supports  very  great  efforts  without  laceration.  It 
is,  itself,  composed  of  a  considerable  number  of 
fibrils,  similar  to  each  other,  and  subdividing  al- 
most ad  infinitum.  The  ultimate  filaments  into 
which  the  fibre  can  be  decomposed  by  mechani- 
cal means  seem  to  be  hollow  or  tubular.  The 
fibre  exists  under  two  forms,  the  striated  or 
striped,  (F.)  Fibre  striee,  and  the  non-striated, 
smooth,  or  unstriped,  (F.)  Fibre  lisse  ;  the  mus- 
cles composed  of  the  former  ministering,  as  a 
general  rule,  to  the  animal  functions, — the  latter 
always,  perhaps,  to  the  organic.  The  colour  of 
the  muscular  fibres  is  red  in  man,  and  white  in 
several  animals.  A  greater  or  less  number, — 
united  in  fasciculi,  Fascic'uli  seu  Lacer'ti  mns- 
cnlo'rum,  approximated  to  each  other,  and  form- 
ing a  distinct  mass,  of  very  variable  size  and 
shape,  the  extremities  being  attached  to  bones  by 
means  of  tendons,  —  constitutes  a  muscle.  In 
this  are  included  areolar  membrane,  vessels  and 
nerves.     See  Muscle. 

]MrscuLAK  Nerves.  The  -nerves  distributed 
to  the  muscles  are  so  named.  Winslow  cills  the 
4th  pair  of  nerves  —  Xerf  musculaire  oblique  su- 
2)erieur. 

MusciTLAR  SrsTEM.  A  term  given  to  the  ag- 
greirate  of  the  muscles  of  the  body. 

Muscular  Veins.  These  bring  back  the 
blood,  which  has  been  carried  to  the  muscles  by 
the  niusculiir  arteries. 

MUSCULARIS,  Corroborant. 

MUSCULATEOX.  See  Locomotion. 

JfUSCrf. EUX.  .Muscular. 

MUSCULI  ACCESSORIIAD  SACRO-LUM- 
BALEM,  see  Sacro-lumbalis— m.  Vapillares.  Co- 
lumnar carnca- — m.  Pectinati,  Pectinated  muscles. 

MUSCULINE,  see  Fibriu. 


MUSCULO-CUTANEOUS 


614 


MUTITE 


MUS'CULO-CUTA'NEOUS,  M,i«'culo-cvta'- 
tipiiv,  from  miisciiliis,  '  a  inusicle,'  nnJ  cutis,  '  skin.' 
Thiit  which  appertains  to  muscles  and  skin. 

MuscuLO-CuTANEors  Nkrve.  This  name  is 
especially  given  to  two  nerves;  —  the  one,  the 
E.i-teriKil  cutaneous  nerve,  furnished  b.V  the  bra- 
chial plexus  (see  Cutaneous  : — )  the  ather,  gjiven 
oQ"  from  the  poplityous  externus,  (F.)  Nerf  Scint- 
ique,  Popliie  ejcterne,  Pretibio  digital  (C'h.).  It 
descends  on  the  anterior  and  outer  part  of  the 
leg,  —  at  first,  hid  among  the  muscles;  becomes 
superficial  about  the  middle  of  the  leg;  and  di- 
vides into  two  branches,  which  pass  superficially 
on  the  back  of  the  foot.  Two  musculo-cutaneous 
nerves — superior  and  inferior — proceed  from  the 
first  lumbar.  The  superior  musculo-cutaneous  — 
il'io-scrotal,  il' io-ln/pi></as'trieus  —  which  divides 
into  two  branches, — abdominal  and  scrotal.  The 
■inferior  vrusculo-cntaneous  is  smaller  than  the 
superior,  and  is  distributed  as  its  name,  il'io-in'- 
guinal,  indicates. 

MUSCULO-RACHID^E'US.  Belonging  or  re- 
lating to  muscles  and  to  the  spine.  A  name  given 
to  branches,  furnished  behind  by  the  intercostal, 
lumbar,  and  sacral  arteries,  which  are  distributed 
to  the  spine  and  to  the  muscles  of  the  neighbour- 
hood. 

MUSCULOSA  EXPANSIO,  Platysma  my- 
oides. 

MITSCULO-SPIRAL  NERVE,  Radial  nerve. 
MUSCULOSUS,  Muscular. 
MUSCULUS  ACCLIVIS,  Obliquus  internus 
abdominis — m.  Au.xiliarius,  Pyramidalis  abdomi- 
jiig — 111.  Constrictorius,  Sphincter — m.  Cutaneus, 
Platysma  myoides— m.  Eustachii,  La.xator  tym- 
pani  —  m.  Fallopii,  Pyramidalis  abdotninis  —  m. 
Femoris  membranosus,  Fascia  lata — m.  Patientia% 
Levator  scapulae  —  m.  Penicillatus,  Levator  labii 
inferioris — m.  Pyxoides  terrcstris.  Lichen  pyxi- 
datus — m.  Scandularius,  Parathenar — m.  Subcu- 
taneus,  Platysma  myoides  —  m.  Succenturiatus, 
Pyramidalis  abdominis  —  m.  Succingens,  Dia- 
phragm—  m.  Supercilii,  Corrugator  supercilii  — 
in.  Testicondus,  Cremaster — m.  Testis,  Cremaster 
— m.  Tubffi  nova3,  Circuraflexus. 

MUSCUS  ARBOREUS,  Lichen  plicatus  — m. 
Caninus,  Lichen  caninus — m.  Catharticus,  Lyco- 
podium  selago  —  m.  Clavatus,  Lyeopodium  —  m. 
Corallinus,  Corallina  Corsicana  —  m.  Cranii  hu- 
man!. Lichen  saxatilis — m.  Erectus,  Lyeopodium 
selago — ra.  Ilelminthocortos,  Corallina  Corsicana 
• — m.  Islandicus,  Lichen  islandicus — m.  Marinus. 
Corallina  Corsic;ina — m.  Maritimus,  Corallina  — 
m.  Pulmonarius  quercinus,  Lichen  pulmonarius 
— m.  Pyxidatus,  Lichen  pyxidatus — m.  Villosus, 
Peristroma. 

MUSEAU  DE  TANCIIE,  Os  uteri. 
MUSE'UM   ANATOM'ICUiM,  SupeVlex  ana- 
tom'ica.     An  anatomical  museum. 
MUSHROOM,  Fungus. 

MUSIC,  Jlu'sica,  (F.)  Musiqne,  from  fiovaa, 
muKd,  'a  song.'  The  art  of  producing  harmo- 
nious and  cadenced  sounds;  an  art,  which  has, 
at  times,  been  beneficially  used  in  diseases,  par- 
ticularly in  those  of  the  mind  ;  or  on  which  the 
mind  could  act  in  a  salutary  manner. 

MUSICOMA'NIA,    3fusoma'uia,    from    music, 
and  mania.     A  variety  of  monomania  in  which 
the  passion  for  music  is  carried  to  such  an  extent 
as  to  derange  the  intellectual  faculties. 
MUSINri,  LISTLESS,  Aphelxia  otiosa, 
MFKIQUE,  Music. 

MUSK,  Moschus,  Mosch  (Arab.),  (F.)  iTusc. 
A  peculiar  concrete  animal  substance,  of  a  very 
diffusible  odour,  bitter  taste,  and  a  deep  brown 
colour:  solid,  and  enclosed  in  the  preputial  folli- 
cles of  3Iosehu8  moschif'erus,  3lusk  Deer,  (F.) 
Chevrotain  porte-musc.     It  is  possessed  of  stimu- 


lant and  antispasmodic  properties.    Dose,  gr.  x 
to  ,^j  in  bolus. 

MliSK,  AllTIPI0"lAL,  Moschus  f<iclit"iHS,  Eesi'. 
na  Suc'ciui.  (01.  succiiii  recti/.  1  part,  acid, 
nitric,  i  ■parts.  Digest; — a  black  matter  will  be 
deposited,  which  must  be  well  washed  wilh 
water.) 

MUSKGRAPE  FLOWER,  Bulbus  vomitnrius. 

MUSKMAI,LOW,  Hibiscus  abelmosehus. 

MUSK  HOOT,  Sumbul. 

MUSKSEED,  see  Hibiscus  abelmosehus. 

MUSK  WOOD,  Thy  mi  a  ma. 

MUSOMANIA,  Musicomania. 

MUSQUITO,  Mosquito. 

MUSSyEN'DA  FROND0'SA,/?<'WM,7?^/f'mn. 
A  decoction  of  this  Ceylonese  plant  has  been  es- 
teemed refrigerant. 

MUSSEL.  Mvtilus  cdulis. 

MUSSELLED.  see  Mytilus  edulis. 

MUSSITA'TIO,  Mussifa'tion,  from  mv.osiiare. 
muesitatum,  itself  from  mussare,  'to  munmir.'  A 
condition,  in  which  the  tongue  and  lijis  move,  ns 
in  the  act  of  speaking,  but  without  sounds  being 
produced.  This  sort  of  murmuring  is  an  unfa- 
vourable sign  in  disease,  as  indicating  great  cere- 
bral debility. 

MUSTA'CEUM:  from  Mustacea,  a  kind  of 
laurus  used  in  making  it.  A  kind  of  wedding- 
cake  used  by  the  ancients,  which  consisted  of 
meal,  aniseed,  cummin,  and  several  other  aroma- 
tics ;  its  object — it  has  been  conceived — being  to 
prevent  or  remove  the  indigestion  occasioned  by 
too  great  indulgence  at  the  marriage  feast.  Lnu- 
reoJum  in  mustaceo  quarcre  —  '' to  seek  for  glory 
in  pitiful  performances." — Cicero. 

MUSTACHE,  Mysta.x. 

MUSTARD,  BLACK,  Sinapis  — m.  Clammy, 
Polanisia  graveolens  —  ni.  Essence  of.  White- 
head's, see  Sinapis — in.  False,  Polanisia  graveo- 
lens— m.  Green,  Lepidium  sativum — ni.  Hedge, 
Erysimum — m.  Mithridate,  Thlaspi  canipnptre — 
m.  Stinking  hedge,  Alliaria — m.  Treacle,  TJjliispi 
arvense — m.  White,  Sinapis  alba — m.  AVild,  Sina- 
pis arvensis. 

MUSTFLANEUS,  Galeancon. 
MUSTUM,  Wort. 

MUTACIS'MUS,  3fu'tacism,  from  iivraKii^m, 
'1  use  the  letter  m,  uv,  too  frequently.'  A  vicious 
pronunciation  ;  consisting,  according  to  Sauvagcs, 
in  the  frequent  repetition  of  the  letters  m,  b,  and 
p,  which  are  substituted  for  others. 

MUTA'TIO  SEXUS.  'A  change  or  conversion 
of  sex.'  A  notion  prevailed  in  antiquity  that 
such  a  conversion  was  possible. 

MUTEO'SIS,  from  mufus,  'dumb.'  Under  this 
name  is  comprehended  every  phenomenon  of  ex- 
pression, voluntary  and  involuntarj',  which  im- 
presses the  sight  or  touch. 

MUTILA'TION,  Mutila'tio,  Ifniminq,  from 
mutilus,  'broken.'  The  removal  or  privation  of 
a  limb,  or  of  some  other  external  part  of  the 
body.  In  all  countries,  this  crime  has  been  pun- 
ished with  severity. 
MUTINUS,  Penis. 
MUTTSME,  Mutitas. 

MU'TITAS,  {mntus,  (F.)  Sfuet,  'dumb.')  Oh- 
tumesreu'tia,A/(i'lia,Anau'dia,  VumhucKs,  Speech'- 
lesxness,  (F.)  Jfutistiie,  3futite.  Impossibility  of 
articulatimj  sounds;  although  they  can  be  eli- 
cited. Dumbness  is  often  congenital,  and  united 
with  deafness,  of  which  it  is  an  effect.  In  fouie 
cases  it  is  accidental. 

MrTlTAS  ^vnno'Kvyt,  Apho'nin  Siirdorum,  Sur- 
domu'tilas,  Deaf-durnhness,  (F.)  SurdimutitL 
Speechlessness  from  deafness:  congenital,  or  pro- 
duced during  infancy.  The  subjects  of  this  affec- 
tion arc  called  deaf-dumb,  (F.)  Sourde-muett. 
3IUTITE,  Mutitas. 


MUTO 


Gl 


MYLO-HYOlDEUS 


MUTO.  Ponis. 

M  U  TO  N I  AT  US,  Membrosus. 

MUTTKllKO UN,  Ergot. 

MUTTON  TEA.  Prepared  from  a  pound  of 
miillDii,  froeJ  from  the  fiit  and  cut  into  thin  slices  ; 
ami  a  pint  and  a  iialf  of  boilini^  soft  uvi^er  poured 
over  lliera,  as  in  the  case  of  beef  tea  ;  e.xcept  that 
it  requires  to  be  boiled  for  half  an  hour  after  the 
maceration,  before  it  is  strained  through  a  sieve. 

MUTUNNUS,  Priapus. 

MYACANTJIA,  Kuscus. 

MYAI,(iIA,  Crauip. 

MYASTllEXI'A,  from  /tv;,  'a  muscle/  and 
aoSfi'fiu,  'debility.'     Muscuhir  debility. 

MVCr;,  Ordusion. 

MYCivS,  Funj,'us. 

MY  CUM  US,  Siispirium. 

MYCirnirSMUS,  Moaning,  Suspirium. 

MYCODEKM'A,  Mi/'codenn ;  from  iivKVi,  'a 
muslirooin,' and  itpfta,  'skin.'  A  cryptogamous 
growth,  which  constitutes  the  crusts  of  favus. 
iSee  Porrigo  favosa. 

Mycookiima  Ckrbviri^j,  Torula  cerevisiic. 

MvconKHMA  V\.\CA^.,  Trichoiiiaph'ytoti.  A  cryp- 
togamous growth,  said  to  be  the  essence  of  Plica. 

MYCODKR-MITIS,  Mucitis. 

MVCODES,  Funsroid. 

MYCODlARRHa'M.  see  Diarrhoea. 

MYCODY.SKNTEKIA,  sec  Dysentery. 

MYCO'.'IITMISIS,  see  Hronchorrlioea. 

MYCORTlIOPNtE'A;  from  ^«/cos,  'mucus,' 
and  of)9o-voia,  'difficulty  of  breathing  except 
when  in  the  erect  attitude.'  Orthopnoea  from 
excessive  .secretion  of  mucus  in  the  air-passages 
— OrthopiKi-'n  pitiii'to'sa. 

MYCOSIS,  Fungus. 

MYCTERES.  Mvxic,  Nares. 

MYCTEROPHOXIA,  Hhinophonia. 

MYCTEROXE'ROTES.  Jfijrttro.ccro'sis,  from 
livKTtipa,  '  tiic  nares,'  and  ^rjijorris,  'dryness.' 
A'u'iiiim  sic'cltas.  Dryness  of  the  interior  of  the 
nose. 

MYCUS,  Mucus. 

MYDE'SIS,  from  jtvSaia,  '1  abound  with  mois- 
ture,' 'I  am  putrid.'  Moisture.  In  its  most 
general  sense,  it  means  corruption.  By  some,  it 
is  used  for  a  mucous  discharge  from  inflamed 
eyelids. 

MYDON,  iivi]ij>v.  Same  etymon.  Fungous  or 
putrid  flesh  in  certain  fistulous  ulcers. — Pollux. 
Also,  flesh  putrid  from  mouldiness. 

MY'DRI'ASIS,  r/atip'or'ia,  Plafycori'anis, 
Amiplri'dxin.  A  name  given  by  several  writers 
to  morbid  dilatation  of  the  pupil ;  and,  by  others, 
to  wcalvness  of  sight,  produced  by  hydrophthal- 
niia,  or  superabundance  of  humours,  from  itvSoi, 
'moisture.' 

MYDHIAT'TCUS,  Mi/driai'i'c.  Relating  to  or 
causing  dilatation  of  the  pupil. — Pereira. 

MYKLAL'tilA ;  froui  fivc\oi,  'the  si)inal  mar- 
row,' and  aXyui,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the  spinal  mar- 
row. 

MYRLANAEOSTS,  Tabes  dorsalis. 

MYELAPOPLl'^XIA,  Apojjlexia  myelitica. 

MYELATELI'A;  from  /ii>cA«s,  'the  spinal 
marrow,'  and  ariXua,  (a,  privative,  and  rf>oj, 
'end,')  'want  of  end  or  finish.'  Incompleteness 
of  the  spinal  marrow. 

j\l  YE  I,  ATROPHIA,  Tabes  dorsalis. 
MY  ELITE,  Myelitis. 

MYEIjI'TIS,  .U.  pnreiirhi/ninlo'Ka  seu  gptno'lin, 
InlliiKiiiiii'tio  tiiediil'ltB  Hjiina'lifi,  Sjiiiii'tig,  Sjiiiio- 
(liirsi'liH,  XotoDii/e/i'tiK,  /{nchiomi/eli'tia,  Rnchinl- 
gi'tiH  (of  some),  (F.)  Jfi/flile,  Iii/lummtition  de  la 
tnotlle  fpinifre,  I.  rnchidieiiiie,  from  /iiirAof,  'the 
marrow,'  and  {tin,  denoting  inflammation.  In- 
fl;immation  of  the  sjiinal  marrow  or  its  mem- 
branes ;— indicated  by  deep-seated  burning  pain 
in  the  spine,  with  various  nervous  and  vascular 


irregularities  of  function.  It  is  not  common. 
Dr.  Marshall  Hall  proposes  to  call  inflammation 
of  the  membranes  of  the  brain  3fein)i(/itis ;  that 
of  the  substance  of  the  brain  Myditln. 

Myelitis  Pbtechialis,  Meningitis,  cerebro- 
spinal—  m.  Spinalis,  Myelitis  —  m.  Exsudativa, 
llydrorachis — m.  Parenchyuiatosa,  Myelitis. 

MYEEOCIIY'SIS,  llydrorachis. 

MY'ELOCYTES,  from  iLvt\oi,  'marrow,'  and 
KVToi,  a  mass,  body  or  cell.  Granules  of  the 
brain.     Nuclei  of  the  cells  of  the  gray  substance. 

MYELOGANGLIITIS,  Cholera  (sporadic). 

MY'ELOID,  Mijeloi'des,  Jfi/elo'des  ;  from  /urc- 
Xoj,  '  marrow,' and  £({5o5,  'resemblance.'  Marrow- 
like. 

Myeloid  Tumor,  Fibroplastic  tumour.  A  sar- 
comatous tumour,  the  more  characteristic  consti- 
tuents of  which  are  —  peculiar  many-nucleated 
corpuscles,  which  have  been  recognised  as  con- 
stituents of  the  marrow  and  diploe  of  bones,  es- 
pecially in  the  fretus,  and  in  early  life. — Paget. 

MYELOMA,  see  Encephaloid. 

MYELOMALACIA, Mollities  medullse  spinalis. 

MYELOMENINGITIS,  Meningitis,  spinaL 

MYELOMYCES,  see  Encephaloid. 

MYELON,  Medulla  spinalis. 

MYELOPARALYSIS,  Paraplegia. 

MYELOPIITIIISIS,  Tabes  dorsalis— m.  Sicca, 
Tabes  mesenterica. 

MYELOPIIY'MATA,  Tuhcr'cdn  medidlop.  spi- 
na'lis,  from  fivcXog,  'marrow,'  and  (pv/Aa,  'a  tuber- 
cle.'    Tubercles  of  the  spinal  marrow. 

MYELOPLAXE,  ham  /iveXos,  'marrow,' and 
irAa^,  'a  plate  or  lamella.'  Plates  or  lamellae 
with  numerous  nuclei  in  the  marrow  of  bones. — 
Robin. 

MYELORRHAGIA,  Apoplexia  myelitica. 

MYELOSPONGUS,  see  Encephaloid. 

MY'^ELUS,  Marrow,  Medulla  spinalis  —  m.  Di- 
auchenius.  Medulla  spinalis  —  m.  Dorsites,  Me- 
dulla spinalis —  m.  Notiaus,  Medulla  spinalis — ■ 
m.  Psoitos,  Medulla  spinalis. 

MY''ENERGI'A,  from  iivg,  'a  muscle,'  cy,  and 
tfiyov,  'work.'     Muscular  strength. 

MY'GMUS,  Suspirium. 

MYIOCEPIIALUM.  Staphyloma. 

MYIODOPSIA,  Metamorphopsia. 

MY'ITIS.  Myositis,  Rheumatism,  acute. 

MYLABRIS  CICIIORII,  see  Cantharis  — m. 
Punctata,  see  Cantharis — m.  Pustulata,  see  Can- 
tharis. 

MYLACEPH'ALUS,  from  iivXn,  'a  mole,'  a, 
privative,  and  Kt<paXt),  'head.'  A  monster  with 
only  traces  of  viscera,  and  without  head  or  ex- 
tremities. 

MYLACRI,  Molar  teeth. 

MYLACRIS,  Patella. 

MYLE,  Patella.  Mole. 

MYLICUS.  Molar. 

JIY'LO,  in  composition,  from  nv\ri,  'the  jaw.' 
Relating  or  belonging  to  the  jaw. 

MYLODI,  Molar  teeth. 

MYLODONTES.  Molar  teeth. 

MY'LO-GLOSSUS,  from  mi/lo„  and  y\u)(r<ra, 
'the  tongue.'  Winslow  has  given  this  name  to 
muscular  fibres,  which  pass  from  the  posterior 
part  of  the  myloid  line  of  the  lower  jaw,  and 
from  the  sides  of  the  base  of  the  tongue  to  the 
parietes  of  the  pharynx.  These  fibres  belong  to 
the  constrictor  suj)erior  pharyngis. 

MYLO-HYOID  LINE,  see  Mylo-hyoideus. 

MYLO-Hvoin  Furrow  or  Groove.  A  furrow 
which  passes  from  the  superior  orifice  of  the  in- 
ferior dental  canal  of  the  lower  jaw  in  the  same 
direction  as  the  canal,  and  lodges  the  niyto-ht/uid 
iierre,  a  branch  of  the  inferior-dental. 

MvLO-IIvoin  Nkrve,  see  Mvlo-hyoid  furrow. 

MYLO-lIYOiDEUS,  from  iin/lo,  and  'voaSr];, 
'the  OS  hyoides.'    Myluo'des,  (F.)  Jlylo-hyoidien, 


MYLO-rilARYXGEUS 


61  T) 


MYRICA   ASPLENIFOLIA 


The  Mijlo-pharynriens  of  ^lorgasni  anil  Santnrini. 
This  muscle  is  situate  at  the  upper  and  anterior 
part  of  the  neck,  behind  the  lower  jaw.  It  is 
broad,  flat,  and  has  the  form  of  a  truncated  tri- 
angle. It  arises  from  the  internal  ahliipie,  inter- 
iial  moxillnry  or  mijlo-hyoid  line  of  the  lower  jaw 
bone,  and  is  inserted  at  the  fore  part  of  the  body 
of  the  OS  hyoides.  Its  innermost  fibres  unite  with 
those  of  the  opposite  side  to  form  a  raphe  on  the 
median  line.  The  mylo-hyoideus  raises  the  os 
hyoides  and  carries  it  forward,  or  it  depresses  the 
lower  iaw. 

MYLO-PIIARYNGEUS,  Constrictor  pharyn- 
gis,  Mvlo-hyoideus. 

MYLUOi)ES,  Mylo-hyoideus. 
MYO,  in  composition,  from  /nvav,  'a  muscle.' 
Appertiiininft  or  relating  to  a  muscle, 
MYOCARDITIS,  Carditis. 

MYOCEPIIALI'TIS,  Myi'tis  cephaVico  ;  from 
wyo,  K!.^l>a\ii,  'head,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflamma- 
tion. Inflammation  of  the  muscles  of  the  head. 
iMYOCEPIIALON,  Staphyloma. 
MYOCOilLIAL'GIA,  from  myo,  Koi\ia,  'abdo- 
men,' and  u\ytu>,  'I  suffer.'  Pain  in  the  muscles 
of  the  abdomen. 

MYOCCELI'TIS,  3fyoccelii'tis,  Jnfnmma'tio 
imiKculo'rmn  ahdoniino'linm,  from  myo,  koiXki, 
Mower  belly,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  muscles  of  the  abdomen. 
MYODEOPSIA,  Metamorphopsia. 
MYO'DES,  from  myn,  and  £i^oj,  'resemblance.' 
Like  unto  muscle.     Muscular. 

MYODESOPIA,  Metamorphopsia. 
MYODRSOPSIA,  Metamorphopsia. 
MYODYNA'MIA,  Via  mnnculn'ria ;  from  myn, 
and   Swants,   'power.'     The  force  or  power  of  a 
uuiscle. 

MYODYNAMICS,  see  Muscular  contraction. 
MYODYN  AM  IOMETER,  Dynamometer. 
MYODYNAMOMETER,  Dynamometer. 
MYODYN'IA,    from    myo,    and    oiwri,    'pain.' 
Pain    in    the  muscles, —  rheumatismal  or  other, 
llheumatism. 

MYonvN'iA  iNFLAMMATOniA,  Myositis. 
MYOG'RAPIIY,  Ifyof/ra'phiri,  from  myo,  and 
Ypt<l>civ,  'to  describe.'    An  anatomical  description 
of  the  muscles. 

MYOID,  ]\/yo'i'des,  from  fivi,  'muscle,'  and 
£(oo;,  'resemblance.'  An  epithet  given  to  tu- 
mours composed  of  fibre  cells  or  muscular  fibres 
of  organic  life. 

MYOLEM'MA,  3fyole'v>a,  from  myo,  and  Xf^/ia, 
'a  coat.'  The  memlaranous  tube  of  each  muscu- 
lar fibre.  It  has  also  the  same  signification  as 
Sorroleinma. 

MY'OLINE,  from  fjvwv,  'a  muscle.'  A  name 
given  by  Mr.  Erasmus  Wilson  to  a  transparent 
substance  that  fills  the  cells,  which,  he  conceives, 
bv  their  juxtaposition  form  the  ultimate  muscular 
fibril. 

MYOL'OGY,   3f;,'nlnrj"ia,   Sarcolog'in,  Mymol- 
or)"ia,  from  myo,  and  Xoyo;,  'a  discourse.'      That 
part  of  anatomy  which  treats  of  the  muscles. 
MYON,  Muscle. 

MYONARCO'SIS,  from  myo,  and  vapKt],  'stu- 
por.'    Numbness  of  the  muscles. 
MYONITIS,  Myositis. 

MYON'OSUS,  Myonn'sHS,  ^fyopnthi'a,  from 
vyn,  and  voao;,  '  disease.'  A  disease  of  the 
muscles. 

MYOPALMUS,  PubsuUus  tendinum. 
MYOPARALYSIS,  see  Paralysis. 
MYOPATHIA.  Myonosus. 
]\IYOPE.  Myops. 

JIYOPIIO'NIA,  from  myo,  and  c/iwi/j;,  'voice.' 
The  sound  of  muscular  contraction,  —  as  that  of 
the  ventricles  of  the  heart,  during  the  systole  of 
that  organ. 

MYO'PIA,    3fyopi'u8is,  LuHcios'itaH,    Blyo'sia, 


Prirop'Kin  propin'qna,  Anihlyo'pin  dixaltn'runi, 
Dyno'pia  dinnilo'runi,  DyHphu'lin,  Vifim  jn'rrniiHi, 
from  fivio,  '  I  close,'  or  from  itvi,  '  a  mouse,'  and 
0)1^,  'the  eye;'  Jl/y'opy,  Sliort-Kif/IiirdiKHK,  Kitir- 
niyhtedness,  Minise-isiylit,  I'liililindncn/i,  (F.)  Viie 
coiirte,  V.  basiie.  Persons  who  can  only  ,<ico 
objects  very  near.  The  defect  is  owing  t^o  the 
too  great  conve.\ity  of  the  eye,  or  too  great  den- 
sity of  the  humours,  and  is  palliated  by  weariii" 
concave  glasses. 

MYOP'IC,  ]ifyop'icui ;  same  etymon.  Shm-t- 
siyhted,  Porehlind,  Purblind,  SpurbUnd.  Relating 
or  ai)pertaining  to  mvopia. 

MYOPODIORTIIO'TICON,  from  ^i,o)i^,  'one 
that  is  short-sighted,'  and  iiojiiuiTiKov,  'liavin" 
power  to  correct.'  An  ap|)nr»ti,s  for  the  euro  of 
short-sightedness. — A.  A.  Rertbold. 

MYOPS,  Lncio'ftnH,  l/yo'piin,  My'upr.  Same 
etymon.  One  aS"ectcd  with  myopia  or  shurl- 
sightedness. 

MYOPY,  Myopia. 

MYORRIIEX'IS,  from  myo,  and  p^/fij,  'rup- 
ture.'    Rupture  of  a  muscle. 

MYOSARCO'MA,  from  jwuiv,  'a  muscle,'  and 
sarcoma.  A  sarcomatous  tumour  in  which  nmscu- 
lar  fibres  are  found. 

MYO'SIS,  from  //dw,  'I  close.'  Ifirroeor'i,,. 
Smallness  of  the  puinl.  Phthi'sin  piipilln'riK. 
Permanent  contraction  of  the  pupil.  Itis  usually 
caused  by  iritis,  and  is  e.xtremely  difficult  to  cure. 
When  it  exists  to  such  an  extent  as  to  obliterate 
the  pupil,  it  is  called  Synizesia.  Also,  Myopia. 
MYO  SITE,  Myositis. 

MYOSIT'IC,  jVyosit'icne,  from  Myosin.  Causing 
contraction  of  the  pupil, — as  opium. — Pcreira. 

MYOSI'TIS,  Myi'tis,  .Vysi'tia.  Myovi'tix,  f^ar- 
ci'tia,  liJieiirnatiii' inns  pjder/niono'des,  3ly<><hj)i'in 
inflammato'ria,  Plilegnin'sia  myo'ica,  hificmmntio 
seu  Phle(j'moue  3fn>ivHlo'rnm,  (F.)  Myonite,  In- 
flammation dea  mnachs,  from  iivmv,  'a  muscle.' 
A  name  proposed  by  Sagar  for  inflammation  of 
the  muscles.     Also,  Rheumatism. 

MYOSOTIS,  Hieracium  pilosella,  Rheumatism, 
Rheumatism,  acute. 

MYOSPASMIIS,  Cramp. 

MYOTILITY,  ^fyotiVitaa,  (F.)  Myntilit('.  from 
^ivtov,  'a  muscle.'  Muscular  contractility. — 
Chaussier. 

MYOT'OMY,  3fyotom'ia,  from  myo,  and  rciivctv, 
'to  cut.'  The  part  of  practical  anatomy  which 
treats  of  the  dissection  of  the  muscles.  Also, 
the  surgical  opera ti(m  of  the  division  of  muscles 
to  remove  deformity. 
MYOTYRBE,  Chorea. 

MYRAC'OPUM,  from  ii^pov,  'an  ointment,' o, 
'privative,'  and  koto?,  'fatigue.'  An  ointment 
used  by  the  ancients  in  cases  of  fatigue. 
MYREPSrS,  Unguentarius. 
MYR'IAGRAMME,  from  ,/upm. '10,000,' and 
Ypafiita,  'gramme.'  A  weight  equal  to  10,000 
grammes,  or  to  26  pounds,  9  ounces,  and  6 
drachms  Troy. 

MYRIA METRE.  A  measure  of  10,000  me- 
tres; equal  to  16  miles,  1  furlong,  156  yards,  and 
14  inches. 

MYRICA  ASPLENIFOLIA,  Comptonia  as- 
plenifolia — -m.  Cerifera,  see  Cera  flava  et  alba, 
and  Wax,  myrtle. 

Myri'cA  Gale,  3f.  palna'tria,  3fyrtiia  Tirahnn'- 
tica  seu  Aiif/'/ica.  3fyrti/o'lia  Ji'-l';/ica,  Gale, 
Gage},  Ehua  ayhea'tria,  Ae'aron,  Elffm/nna,  E. 
Ciirdo,  ChnnKpla^ag'rtua.  Dodon/B'a,  Dutch  vn/rth, 
S'u-cet  f/ale,  Sweet  willow,  Coitdlcherry  myrll<; 
(Sc.)  Scotch  gale,  (¥.)  Pimcnt  Royal,  The  de  Si- 
mon Pauli,  Gale  odorant.  Ord.  Myricace«.  Sex. 
Syat.  Dioecia  Tetrandria.  The  leaves,  flower?, 
and  seeds  have  a  strong,  fragrant  smell,  and  ft 
bitter  taste.    They  are  used  for  destroying  usoths 


^lYRINGA 


61  7 


MYRTODES 


nnd  cutaneous  insects.     Tlie  infusion  is  given  iu- 
tc-rnrilly  us  a  stoinaohic  and  VL-iuiifuge. 

MVKICA    I'ALrsTUlS,   M.    Gillo. 

MYIIINUA,  SL'O  Tyiiipaiuiin. 

MYRIXU  I'TIS,  Iiijlriiiiiiiu'tio  ti/m'pniii,  from 
JfyriiKjii,  '  tlio  inunilirana  tyiiipani  ;'  and  itin,  de- 
noting inflammation.  Inflammation  of  tlie  mem- 
brana  tympani;  and,  also,  of  tiie  tympanum. 

MYIUNX,  sec  Tympanum. 

MYRIS,  iJivpii,  Mijiothe'ce,  Nartlie'citi,  Nnr- 
the'iiiiin,  Northfx,  from  //upor,  'a  perfumed  oil  or 
ointment.'     A  pL-rfumed  oil  jar  or  ointment  box. 

MY'IIIS'TICA,  M.  Itlimchn'td  seu  aromat'ica 
sen  iifficiiia'li'H  se[i/rn(jni)it,  Gamdvon.  N<it.  Ord. 
Myri.sticea3.  Tlie  tree  which  produces  the  nut- 
meg and  mace.  (F.)  Mitscadier.  The  JVutmer/, 
MijriHilcn,  (Ph.  U.  iS.)  Jfi/ri'n'titre  seu  Jf_i/r!n'ticce 
moHchn'tcF  nit'cleiiH,  A'lix  moicha'ta  seu  luujiienta'- 
)■/((,  NiK-ii'ta,  lYiijr  nij/rin'tica  seu  nruitiiit'ica, 
Cliri/Kiiliitl'(tiiii8  (Jii/e'iii,  UiKjuenfn'ria,  As'nnla, 
fF.)  Miinr.iide,  is  the  seed  or  kernel.  It  has  a 
fragrant,  aromatic  odour;  an  agreeable  pungent 
t-iste,  and  is  much  used  for  culinary  purposes. 
Alcohol  extracts  its  active  matter.  It  has  the 
properties  of  aromaties  in  general ;  being  stimu- 
lant and  stomachic.  The  oil — O'ieum  iiii/riu'licai 
feu  nKcist'ir  eethii-'eitm  —  possesses  the  virtues  of 
t!ie  nutmeg.  Dose  of  the  nutmeg,  gr.  v.  to  Qj  ; 
— of  the  oil  gtt.  iij  to  gtt.  vj. 

Mace,  Miu'.ln,  Jfacen,  Flares  nxtch  seu  ma'cidos, 
(F.)  Flc'iim  de  miiHCdde,  is  the  involuerum  of  the 
fruit.  It.  is  membranous,  with  the  odour  and 
taste  of  the  nutmeg,  and  is  possessed  of  similar 
qualities.  The  O'ieum  maris  seu  ma'cidin  is  a 
fragrant,  sebaceous  substance,  expressed  in  the 
East  Indies.  It  is  only  used  externally.  It  is 
the  Adcjjs  mi/rls'tlccB,  ^^l/t■ls'ti<^cB  o'ieum  express'- 
tiin,  O'leitm  seu  Bdl'Hamiim  Jtucis'tas,  Butter  of 
liiittiier/s,  ExpreKs'ed  oil  of  jlface. 

iMYRISTIC^  NUCLEUS,  see  Myristica  mos- 
chiita. 

MYUISTICATIO  HEPATIS,  Liver,  nutmeg. 

MYllMKOIA,  Formica. 

MYKMECIASIS,  Convulsio  cerealis.  Formi- 
cation. 

MYRMECIASMUS,  Convulsio  cerealis,  For- 
miciition. 

MYRMECISMUS,  Convulsio  cerealis,  Formi- 
Cttlion. 

MYKMECIZON,  Formicant. 

MYRMECOSIS,  Convulsio  cerealis.  Formica- 
tion. 

iMYRAIEX.  Formica. 

MY'ROB.\L'ANUS.  from  itvpov,'nn  ointment,' 
and  ji'tXavoi,  'a  nut;'  so  called,  because  formerly 
used  in  ointment ;  Anaeloc'deos,  Jfi/ro'bohin,  Glaus 
iiii'/iieiita'ria^  /'alma,  uiiffiieiitario'riim.  A  dried 
Indian  fruit,  of  the  plum  kind,  of  different  species 
(if  Termina'lia.  Orel.  Combretnceae.  Of  this  there 
are  several  varieties — the  .V.  licllir'icn  or  Belliric 
vii/rahalaii,  Ihlh-y,,,  nelleri</i.  lielii Her/ .-—the  M. 
rhili'iila  or  Chelmle  mi/roh'ahtn  ;  the  .lA  cit'riua 
or  Yellow  mijrtdialan,  Ara'ra  ;  the  M.  Em'bliea 
or  emblic  mi/robtdrtn,  and  the  3f.  fn'dicn,  As'uar, 
lialian  or  Blaek  mi/robalan.  All  the  myrobalans 
have  an  unpleasant,  bitterish,  very  austere  taste; 
nnd  strike  an  inky  blackness  with  a  solution  of 
steel.  They  are  said  to  possess  laxative  as  well 
lis  II strin'zent^ properties. 

MYROLE.^,  see  Olea  volatilia. 
JfY'ROX,  Mvrum,  Un<;uentum. 
MYR(3PISS0CE'R0X.     A  topical  application 
in  alopecia,  referred    to  by  (Jalen  ;    from    /xvpov, 
'ointment.'  itiaaa,  'pitch.'  and  xripoi,  'wax.' 
MYROPfEUS,  IJnguentnrius. 
MY'ROPOLE.^,  Apothecarv,  Unsrnentarius. 
MYRO^PERMUM  FRUTESCENS.  Myroxy- 
lum  Pcruiferum — m.  Peruiferum,  see  ATyroxylon 
Peruiferum  —  m.  of   Sonsonate,   see  Myroxyloa 


Peruiferum — m.  Toluiferum,  see  Toluifera  Balsa- 

UUIIU. 

AIYROXYLON,  see  M.  Peruiferum. 

MviiOx'vLoN  Peiujik'ei'lUM,  Mi/rosperTn'um 
friites'cens  seu  Peruif'eriini,  Qaiuqiiiiio,  from  itv- 
pov,  'an  ointment,'  and  (vXof,  wood;'  Cabnrei'ba. 
Nat.  Ord.  LeguminosiE.  Supposed  to  be  the  tree 
which  affords  the  I'eru'vian  balsam,  Bal'santiim 
Penivia'num  (Ph.  U.  S.)  seu  Perua'iiiim,  Fiitzo- 
chill,  Myrox'xjli  Peruiferi  bal'sanium,  Afi/rojc'ylou, 
Cabiireieiba,  Indian,  Mexican,  or  American  bal- 
sam, (F.)  Baume  de  Perou  ou  des  Jndes.  This 
balsam  consists  of  benzoic  acid,  resin,  and  essen- 
tial oil.  Its  odour  is  fragrant  and  aromatic;  taste 
hot  and  bitter:  it  is  soluble  in  alcohol,  and  rnis- 
cible  in  water  by  the  aid  of  mucilage.  It  is 
stimulant  and  tonic,  and  considered  to  be  expecto- 
rant: as  such,  it  has  been  employed  in  paralysis, 
chronic  asthma,  chronic  bronchitis  and  rheuma- 
tism, gleet,  leucorrhcea,  <fec.,  and  externally,  for 
cleansing  and  stimulating  foul  indolent  ulcers. 
Dose  gtt.  V  to  gtt.  XXX. 

White  Balsam  of  Pern,  Natural  balsam,  Bal'- 
samnm  album,  Stijrajc  alba,  Balsamel<B07i,  is  ob- 
tained by  incision  from  Mijrospermum  peruif- 
erum. 

The  Myroxylon  of  Sonsonate  in  Central 
America — Myrospermnm  Pereira  of  Dr.  Royle, 
has  been  supposed  to  furnish  balsam  of  Peru. 

Myuoxyi.o.v  op  Sonsonatr,  see  M.  Peruiferum 
— m.  Toluiferum,  Toluifera  Balsamum. 

MYRRIIA,  Heb.  no  ;  Bola,  Stavte,  Erf;as'mn, 
Mi/rrh,  Calo'uia,  Siin/rna,  jlli/rrlia  rubra,  (F.) 
3/i/rrhe.  The  exudation,  ixvpov,  of  an  unknown 
plant  of  Abyssinia  or  Arabia  Felix,  said  to  he  the 
B(ds(tmaden'dron  mj/rrlia.  This  gum-resin  has  n 
fragrant,  peculiar  odour  ;  and  bitter  aromatic 
taste.  It  is  in  reddish-yellow,  light,  brittle,  irre- 
gular tears;  partially  soluble  in  distilled  water 
when  aided  by  friction.  S.  G.  1-,S60.  It  is  stimu- 
lant: and  has  been  used  in  cachectic  affections, 
humoral  asthma,  chronic  bronchitis,  <fec.  Dose, 
gr.  X.  to  .^j. 

MvitniiA  Imperfecta,  Bdellium. 

MYRRIIINE,  Mvrtus. 

MYRRllTR  AXXUA,  Athamanta  Cretensis  — 
m.  Slnjor,  Clueroiihyllum  odoratum — m.  Odorata, 
Chicrophvllum  oilnratum.  ' 

MYRSIXA  AFRICANA,  Tatze. 

MYRSIXE,  Mvrtus. 

MYRSINEL.E'OX,  from  ixvpaivn.  'the  myrtle,' 
and  eXniov,  'oil.'     Oil  of  myrtle. —  Dioscorides. 

MYRSIXI'TES,  fivpatviTTji.  Wine  in  which 
branches  of  myrtle  have  been  macerated. 

MYRTACAXTIIA,  Ruscus. 

MYRTE  CO  MM  UN,  Myrtus. 

MY'RTID'AN^OX.  pvpTt&nvov.  An  excrescence, 
growing  on  the  trunk  of  the  myrtle,  and  used  as 
an  astringent.  AVith  Hippocrates,  either  the  m3'r- 
tus  caryophyllata  or  myrtus  pimenta.  [?]  Also,  a 
wine  —  Vinnm  Mi/rtid'anum  —  made  from  wild 
myrtle  berries. 

MYRTIFOLTA  BELGICA.  Mvrica  gale. 

MYR'TIFORM,  Myrtiform'is,  M,/rto'des.  from 
myrtus,  'a  myrtle,'  and  forma,  'shape.'  Having 
the  shape  of  a  leaf  of  myrtle.  A  name  given  to 
a  muscle  (depressor  alii?  nasi),  to  the  fossa  inci- 
sivii  ;  and  to  certain  caruncles,  <fec. 

MYRTIFORMIS,  Compressor  naris.  Depressor 
alae  nasi. 

MYRTI'TES,  from  iivprov.  the  'myrtle  berry.' 
A  name  given  to  a  medicine  prepared  with  honey 
and  myrtle  berries. 

MY'RTLE.  ;\Iyrtus — m.  Berry,  Vaceinium  myr- 
tillus — m.  Candleberry,  Jlyrica  gale — m.  Dutch, 
jMvriea  sale — m.  AVild.  Ruscus. 

'lArYRTOrilEILIDES,  Xvmpbse, 

MYRTOCTIILA,  Xvmphx. 

MYRTODES,  Myrtiform. 


MYRTON 


G18 


N.EVUS 


MYRTON,  Clitoris. 

MYIITUS,  Mi/r'liiK  commu'mn  seu  communis 
Jtdl'icd,  fiu/)To;,  Myrsi'ne,  Jlfi/rrhi'iie,  The  Myrtle, 
(F.)  ilyite  Commun.  Ord.  Myrtaeete.  The  berries 
of  tViis  plant  have  been  recommended  in  alvine 
and  uterine  fluxes  and  other  disorders  of  relaxa- 
tion and  debility.  They  are  moderately  astrin- 
gent and  somewhat  aromatic. 

MvETiJS  Anglic  A,  Myrica  gale  —  m.  Braban- 
tiea,  Myrica  gale. 

Myhtus  Caryophylla'ta,  Oali/ptrau'thei  ca- 
ryophyUa'tn,  Cussin  seu  Canel'la  cari/ophi/llnta, 
(F.)  Capelet,  CaniicUe  (/frojlee.  The  tree  which 
is  considered  to  afford  the  Clove  baric ;  Cortex 
caryophijUa'tus  sevicaryophyllata.  This  bark  is  a 
■warm  aromatic ;  resembling  clove  with  an  ad- 
mixture of  cinnamon.  It  may  be  used  with  the 
same  views  as  cloves  or  cinnamon. 

Myhtus  Cahyophyllus,  Eugenia  caryophyl- 
lata — m.  Leueodendron,  Melaleuca  cajaputi. 

MyrtuS  Pime.n'ta,  Eiige'nia  Pimen'tu.  The 
tree  which  bears  the  Jamaica  pepper,  Pimen'ta 
hacrcB.  Pimento  berricx.  Pimento,  Piper  caryophyl- 
f a' turn  seu  chia'peB  seu  odora'tnm  Jamaicenae  seu 
Jamnicenne  seu  tabae'ciim,  Coe'cidi  Indi  aromat'ici, 
Atno'mnm  pimentn,  Fructas  2^i'»enti,  Carive,  Ga- 
ryophyl'liis  America'nus  seu  Pinien'ta,  Allspice, 
(F.)  Poivre  de  Janiaiqtie,  Tonte  epice,  Assonroii. 
The  unripe  berries — Pimenta  (Ph.  U.  S.) — have 
an  aromatic  odour:  resembling  a  mixture  of  cin- 
namon, nutmeg,  and  cloves  ;  the  taste  is  pungent, 
but  mixed,  like  the  odour.  Like  other  pei)pers, 
this  is  stimulant  and  carminative.  The  oil  — 
O'leum  Pimeii'tce  —  possesses  the  virtues  of  the 
berries.  The  powdered  fruit  has  been  called 
Quatre  fpices  or  Four  xpiceii.  Dose,  gr.  v.  to  yij. 
Aqua  Pimen'tce,  Pimento  water,  is  officinal  in  the 
London,  Edinburgh,  an<l  Dublin  I'harmacopoeias. 
It  is  carminative.     Dose,  f^j  or  f  5'j' 

MYRUM,  Mi/rou,  iivpov.  A  perfumed  oil  or 
ointment.  A  liquid  perfume.  The  spontaneously 
exuding  juice  of  many  plants,  especially  of  that 
from  which  myrrh  is  obtained. 


MYS,  Muscle. 
lAlYSrOLOUTA,  Myology. 
INIYSITIS,  Myositis. 

MYSTAX,  J/itsld.v,  /uu<rrn^,  iivara^os.  Tlie  liair 
growing  on  each  side  of  llie  upjier  lip  in  ineii. 
Tlie  muKtache  or  muntachio,  (Obi  Kng.)  Mnn- 
cfiat'oe,  {¥.)  J/oimtaclie.     Also,  the  upper  lip. 

MYSTE'RION,  itvcTTipwv,  'a  mystery.'  An 
arcanum,  no.-strum,  or  secret  preparation  in  gene- 
ral. Also,  an  antidote  referred  to  by  tJalcn  and 
others. 

MYSTRON,  livcTjtov.  A  Greek  measure,  whitli 
held  about  three  drachms. 

MYT'ILUS  EDU'LIS.  The  common  mmncl, 
(F.)  Monk.  A  bivalve,  the  flesh  of  which,  when 
at  all  in  a  state  of  decomposition,  is  higlily  poi- 
sonous.  When  fresh,  it  is  an  agrceiible,  luit  not 
very  digestible  article  of  diet,  producing,  in  sonio 
persons,  all  the  symptoms  of  urticaria.  One 
afi"ected  with  such  phenomena  is  said,  occasionally, 
to  be  nnis' Helled, 

MYU'RUS,  Mein'rnn.  A  pulse  is  so  calli'il 
when  it  sinks  progressively  and  becomes  sniiillir 
and  smaller  like  a  rat's  tail  :  from  /ju?,  '  riit,' 
and  ovpa,  'tail.'  Pnhiis  mynrnx  reciji'mrvK.  a 
pulse,  which,  after  having  become  gradually 
weaker  resumes,  by  degreess,  its  former  cha- 
racter, 

MYXA,  Mneus,  Sebestina. 

MYXiE,  Mycteres. 

MYXIOSIS,  Gonorrhoea  impura. 

MYXODES,  Muciform. 

MYXOR'RIIOOS,  ^u(oppoof,  and  //«(«,  'mu- 
cus,' and  ptw,  'I  flow.'  One  who  is  subject  to 
mucous  discharge.  Applied  to  an  infant,  that 
discharges  a  considerable  quantity  of  mucus  mid 
saliva. 

MYXOSARCO'MA,  from  fiv^a,  'mucus,'  and 
erapf,  aapKOf,  'flesh.'  A  tumour  which  is  miico- 
carneons  ;  partly  mucous  and  partly  fleshy. 

MYXOTER,  Nasus. 

MYZESIS,  Sucking. 


K 


N.  This  letter,  in  prescriptions,  is  an  abridg- 
ment of  Niimero,  '  by  number.' 

NAB'ALUS  ALDUS,  Prennn'tJies  alba  seu 
serjienta' ria,  White  Lettuce,  Lion's  Foot,  Rattle- 
snake's Master,  Rattlesnake  root.  Gall  of  the  Earth, 
from  vafi\a,  'a  harp,'  owing  to  the  lyrate  leaves. 
An  indigenous  plant,  of  the  order  Compositae, 
■which,  with  several  other  species  of  the  genus,  is 
reputed  to  possess  the  power  of  curing  the  bites 
of  serpents.    The  root  has  been  used  in  dysentery. 

Nabamts  Frasbki  has  similar  properties. 

KABOT,  Saccharum  candidum. 

NABO'THI  GLAN'DUL^E,  O'vnla  seu  Ovn 
JVabothi  seu  Nabothin'na,  Ova'rinm  Nabothi,  Fol- 
li'culi  rotnn'di  et  oblon'gi,  Vesic'nlcp.  seu  BhUcr 
rotnn'dcB  cervi'cis  n'teri,  V.  seminn'les  mnlie'rnm, 
Cor'pora  seu  Corptis'cnla  (/loho'sa,  Glandnlat  seu 
Hijdat'ides  eerx'i'cis  uteri,  Glands  of  Naboth. 
Small,  mucous  crypts  or  follicles  situate  in  the 
interstices  of  the  duplieatures  of  the  lining  mem- 
brane of  the  cervix  uteri.  Naboth,  from  noticing 
them  in  a  morbid  condition,  mistook  them  for 
ova;  and  hence  they  received  the  name  Ooula 

JVnbothi. 

NACRA,  NaJi-ra,  Nnsa.  A  kind  of  influenza 
common  in  the  East  Indies. 


NA  CRE,  Margaritaceous. 

NACREOUS,  Margaritaceous. 

N  JiiVI,  see  Nuevus — n.  Pigmentary,  see  Najvuf. 

N^iVUS,  Plural  A^«(i)';  Ncp.vns  mater'nns  sea 
Siffil'lum,  Nota  mater'nn.  Nevus,  Mac'ulm  viatri'- 
cis  seu  mater'noE  seu  matrien'les,  Ni>ta>.  ivfan'tiim, 
I^upus  varico'sus,  Sti(j'n>ata,  3/etrocel'ides,  Coii- 
ye?i'ilep  notoi,  Jfolher's  or  Fancy  marks.  Mother's 
spots,  (F.)  Envie,  Tache  de  Naissance.  Spots  of 
various  kinds  on  the  skin  of  children  when  born, 
which  have  been  attributed  to  the  influence  of  the 
maternal  imagination  on  the  foetus  in  utero. 
They  are  of  various  appearances,  some  much 
better  supplied  with  blood  than  others,  Siune 
are  merely  superficial  or  stain-like  spots.  Pig- 
men' tary  ncBvi  :  others  are  prominent,  Ynseuhir 
tumours,  and  often  have  long,  irregular  hairs  i 
growing  from  them.  These  have  usually  been 
called  Moles,  Spili,  Spilo'ma,  Epichro'scs  spili, 
&c.  The  red,  rosy,  violet  or  bluish  spots  are 
called  by  I.  G.  St.  Ililaire,  Taehes  Sanguines;  — 
those  of  an  intermediate  hue,  between  the  normal 
colour  and  black,  2'achea  melaniennca.  See  Te- 
langiectasia. 

AVhen  na;vi  are  superficial,  without  any  dispo- 
sition to  enlarge   or   spread,   they  need  not  be 


NAFDA 


610  NAPLES,  (CLIMATE  OF) 


mciMled  witli:  but  all  those  tlmt  partake  of  the 
cliiiraetcr  of  aneurism  by  anastomosis  had  better 
be  removed,  where  practicable. 
N/i-;vi!S  Sioii.i.fM,  Nujvus. 
NAFDA,  Naphtha. 

NAIL,  Sax.  naesl,  (</.)  Nagel,  Unguis,  Onyx, 
(F.)  Uiii//e.  A  whitish  transparent  substance. 
Hiinihir  to  horn,  which  covers  the  dorsal  extremity 
of  the  fingers.  Three  portions  are  distinguished 
ill  it;  the  cj-trcniili/,  wliicli  is  free,  at  the  end  of 
tlie  finger; — tlie  bo'/i/  or  middle  i>orlion  adherent 
by  its  inner  surface;  atid  the  root.  Radix  seu 
Mixtrix  uiKjnis,  Iii'tiiitum  unijnis,  (F.)  Mtttrice  de 
I'uiiijte.  The  last  presents  two  distinct  parts  ;  the 
one,  terminated  by  a  thin,  serrated  edge,  is  buried 
in  a  diipiicature  of  the  skin,  Vidlec' iiUi  unguis, 
■which  acts  the  part  of  a  nail-follicle /  the  other, 
(idled  Ln'nnla  seu  Seniiln'nula  seu  Scle'ne  seu 
Aicnx  sou  Exor'tuH  seu  Anat'ole  seu  AUie'do  loi'- 
(jtiinm,  is  whitish  and  of  a  semilunar  shape,  and 
is  situate  above  the  part  where  the  epidermis  ter- 
jninatcs.  The  nails  are  composed  of  a  horny 
tissue,  of  the  same  nature  as  that  which  forms 
the  hoofs,  horns,  and  scales  of  dilTerent  animals. 
AVlien  the  nail  has  been  torn  off,  the  ))a|)ilhe  of 
the  skin  become  covered  by  a  soft,  w  liitish  lamina, 
whose  consistence  gradually  augments.  New 
lamina!  arc  then  formed  underneath,  and  give  the 
nail  the  thickness  it  ought  to  possess.  The 
corneous  substance,  being  thus  constantly  pro- 
duced at  the  extremity  of  each  of  these  laminae, 
the  whole  of  the  nail  is  pushed  forwards,  and  it 
would  grow  indefinitely,  were  it  not  cut  or  worn 
by  fiiction. 

The  nails  protect  and  support  the  extremities 
of  the  fingers  against  the  impression  of  hard 
bodies.  They  are,  also,  useful  in  laying  hold  of 
Fiiiiill  bodies  ;  and  dividing  those  that  have  but 
little  consistence. 

NAIL-FOLLICLE,  see  NaiL 

NAIL  SPRING,  IlangnaiL 

A'.l/A'.  Nanus. 

ItiAfSSAXCE,  see  Parturition. 

NAKRA,  Nacra. 

NANGNAIL,  Hangnail. 

NANISME,  see  Nanus 

NANNARI,  I[emidosinus  Indicus. 

NANXYBKRRY,  Viburnum  lentago. 

KANOt'Kl'lIALIA.  sec  Nunocephalus. 

NANOCEPH'ALUS,  from  vavou  'a  dwarf,'  and 
KcfinKiii '  head.'  One  of  a  monstrous  state — Xano- 
cephn'lin — in  which  the  whole  head  or  certain  of 
its  jiarts  are  too  small,  whilst  the  trunk  and  ex- 
tremities are  normal. 

NANOCORMIA,  see  Nanoeonnus. 

NANOCOK'iMUS,  from  vavoi,  'a  dwarf,' and 
Kopnos,  'a  trunk.'  One  of  a  monstrous  condition 
— XdHoconnia — in  wliich  the  trunk  is  too  small, 
whilst  the  bead  possesses  its  normal  size. 

NANOMELIA,  see  Nanomelus. 

NANOM'ELUS,  from  vnvoi,  'a  dwarf,'  and 
fit'Sos,  'a  limb.'  One  of  a  monstrous  condition  — 
^anomdid — in  which  some  part  of  an  extremity 
is  too  small, ,nnd  the  whole  limb  too  short. 

NANOSO'iMI.A,  from  vavui.  'a  dwarf,'  and 
ewjia,  'body.'  Mio-oso'min.  Dwnrf'ishncss,  (F.) 
^iniisnie.  A  state  in  which  the  entire  body  with 
all  its  parts  is  smaller  than  common. 

NANOSOMUS,  Nanus. 

^  ANUS,  vams,  Pumil'io,  Pn'milo,  Pusil'his,  'a 
<1wnrf:'  Nanoso'mus,  (Prov.)  Crut,  Rope  Spin- 
«"■'•<•,  (Sc.)  Croil,  Croh;  Drarch,  Dercli,  Droicli, 
llV<(/((c/,-.  {/'n'mihis,  /»i(w/7n«i,  '  dwarfish.')  (F.) 
-•"iH.  One  who  is  much  below  the  usual  stature. 
The  term  is  applicable  to  all  organized  beings 
from  man  to  the  vegetable.  Trees  have  their 
dw.irfs,  as  the  human  s|)e<ics  have  theirs.  Some 
curious  authenticated  instances  of  human  dwarfs 
are  on  record.     Bebe,  the  dwarf  of  Stanislaus, 


king  of  Poland,  was  33  inches  (French)  long, 
and  well  proportioned.  The  Polish  nobleman, 
Borwlaski,  wlio  was  well  made,  clever,  and  a 
good  linguist,  measured  28  Paris  inciies.  He  had 
a  brother,  34  inches  high,  and  a  sister  21.  A 
Friesland  peasant,  at  26  }-ears  of  age,  had  at- 
tained 29  Amsterdam  inches.  C.  H.  Stoberin, 
of  Niirnberg,  was  under  three  feet  high  at  20, 
yet  he  was  well  proportioned  and  possessed  of 
talents.  General  Tom  Thumb,  so  called,  was 
seen  bj'  the  Author  in  1817.  lie  was  said  to  be 
io  years  old  ;  measured  28  inches  in  height,  and 
when  weighed  at  the  mint  was  found  to  weigh 
20  pounds  and  2  ounces.  Two  remarkable  In- 
dian dwarfs  were  exhibited  in  the  United  States 
and  in  Europe,  about  the  middle  of  the  19th  cen- 
tury, under  the  name  of  'Aztec  children,'  —  the 
boy,  from  7  to  8  years  of  age,  was  33|  inches  in 
height,  and  weighed  20|  pounds  : — -the  girl,  from 
4  to  6  years  of  age,  was  29J  inches  high,  ami 
weighed  17  pounds.  They  were  very  deficient 
in  intellect.     See  Pygmj'. 

NAPE  OF  THE  NECK,  Nucha. 
NAPELLUS  VERUS,  Aconitum  napellus. 
NAPIIiE  FLORES,  see  Citrus  aurantium. 
NAPHTHA,  Acetone. 

Naphtha,  va<i>&a,  Nufda,  Nnptn,  Kopto'lius, 
O'levw  peticB  'ilbum  ;  (F.)  Nnphte ;  from  a  Chal- 
daic  and  Syriac  word  signifj-ing  hituvien.  A 
bituminous  substance,  found  in  Persia,  Calabria, 
Sicily,  (fee.  It  is  liquid,  limpid,  of  a  yellowish- 
white  colour,  a  smell  slightly  resembling  that  of 
oil  of  turpentine,  and  lighter  than  water.  It  re- 
sembles petroleum  in  its  properties,  and  has  beer 
chiefly  used  as  an  external  apidication  ;  although 
occasionally,  as  an  anthelmintic,  and  in  inhala 
tion  in  phthisis  pulmonalis.     Also,  iEtlier. 

NAPmriA  AcicTi,  yEther  aceticus — n.  Coal  Tar, 
Light,  see  Ana'sthetic  —  n.  Sulphurica,  iEther 
snlphuricus  —  n.  ^^itrioli,  iEther  sul])huricus  —  n. 
Vitrioli  camjihorata,  Tinctura  aMlicrea  canipho- 
rata  —  n.  Vitrioli  martialis,  Tinctura  seu  Alcohol, 
sulphurico-aUhercus  fcrri — n.  Wood,  Acetone. 

NAPII'THALINE,  Noplithali'na,  Naph'tholin. 
When  coal  tar  is  subjected  to  distillation,  naph- 
thaline passes  over  after  coal  naphtha.  It  is  a 
white,  shining,  concrete,  crystnllinc  substance, 
fusible  at  170°  and  boiling  at"423°.  It  is  soluble 
in  alcohol,  ether,  na])htha  and  the  oils,  but  inso- 
luble in  water.  It  has  been  used  as  an  excitant 
expectorant,  in  the  dose  of  8  to  30  grains,  in 
emulsion  or  syrup,  and  repeated.  It  has  also 
been  used  as  an  anthelmintic:  and,  when  made 
into  an  ointment,  in  psoriasis,  lepra  vulgaris,  <fec. 
NA'PIFORM,  Nnpi/orm'is,  Bu'ninid,  Bunioi'- 
des,  from  ncpns,  'a.  turnip,'  and  fornux,  'shape.' 
An  epithet  for  a  form  of  scirrhous  tumour  whose 
cut  surface  presents  concentric  lines  resembling 
those  seen  in  the  interior  of  a  turnip. 
NAPIUM,  Lapsana,  Sinapis. 
NAPLES,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  The  climate  of 
Naples  in  its  general  characters  resemliles  that 
of  Nice,  but  it  is  more  changeable:  the  sirocco 
too,  which  is  little  known  in  Nice,  is  severely  felt 
at  Naples.  It  is  not  a  good  residence  for  the 
phthisical  invalid:  Sir  James  Clark,  indeed,  con- 
siders it  altogether  unsuitable. 

Naplk."*,  Mineral  Watehs  of.  In  the  Quarter 
Santa  Lucia,  near  the  coast,  is  a  cold  spring,  rich 
in  suljihuretted  hydrogen  and  carbonic  acid.  It 
is  much  used  as  an  aperient  tonic,  and  in  cutane- 
ous nft'ections. 

Naples  Watei?,  Factit"ious,  Aqua  Keopoli- 
tn'ua  seu  arid'uln  hydrosixlphxtrn'tn,  {¥.)  E<xu  de 
Naples.  (Acidulous  water,  containing  four  times 
its  bulk  of  carbonic  acid,  ^^xv,  and  ^iij  :  hi/ilro- 
sidpliiiretted  tcaler,  ^ix  ;  carhonate  of  notla.  gr. 
viij  ;  carbonate  of  magnesia,  gr.  x.    M.     Rh.  R.) 


NATTA 


620 


NASAL 


NAPTA,  Nanus,  Nata. 

NAPTALI US,  Nanus. 

NAFUS,  Siiiapis  —  n.  Leucosinains,  Sinapis 
nlba — n.  Sylvestris,  Brassica  napus. 

NAPY,  Sinapis. 

NARCAPIITE,  Thyniiama. 

NARCAPH'TIION,  Xaxaph'thon.  The  bark 
of  an  aromatic  tree  formerly  brouglit  from  India. 
By  some,  supposed  to  be  that  of  the  tree  which 
ailords  tiie  olil)anum.  It  was  used  in  fumigation, 
in  diseases  of  the  hmgs.    See  Lacaphthon. 

NARGE,  Narcosis. 

NAllCEMA,  Narcosis. 

NARCESIS,  Narcosis. 

NARCISSE  D'AUTOMNE,  Colchicum  au- 
tumnale  —  n.  Faux,  Narcissus   pseudo-narcissus 

—  H.  dea  Pr^s,  Narcissus  pseudo-narcissus  —  n. 
Snuvatje,  Narcissus  pseudo-narcissus. 

NARCIS'SUS  PSEUDO-NARCIS'SUS,  iV. 
featct'li^  seu  ijlaiicus  seu  gvandijlo'rus  seu  hia- 
jxiii'iciis  seu  major  seu  serra'tus  seu  si/h)e/i'trin, 
J'n/boco'dium,  Psfiido-nfir(;i^iius,  Dnf'fodil,  (Old 
Kns.)  Aff'tidll,  Belle-niome,  (Prov.)  Affrodile, 
J'ellJloH-er,  Butter  and  Egtjs,  Leuf-rose.  Ord. 
Amaryllidacejie.  C^.)  Narcifsse  saiivage,  Narcisse 
lies  pren.  Ffiiix  narcixse,  Pvrrilloii,  Aiault,  Zoii- 
zinette,Jea>nutte.  Tiie  root  is  emetic  and  cathar- 
tic, in  the  dose  of  ,^ij.  The  flowers  arc  antispas- 
modic.    Dose,  24  grains. 

NARCODES,  Narcotized, 

NARCO'SIS,  Nar'cDthm,  Narce,  N(xrcn, 
N'trce'iiin,  Narcc'sh,  from  vapKoia,  '  I  benumb.' 
Torpp'do,  Torpor,  Stupor,  Sliipcfdc'tio.  Tiie  ag- 
gregate effects  produced  by  narcotic  substances. 
At  times,  narcotism  is  confined  to  a  state  of  more 
or  less  profound  stupor;  and  constitutes,  in  cer- 
tain cases,  a  useful  remedial  condition  ;  at  others, 
it  is  a  true  poisoning,  characterized  by  vertigo, 
nausea,  a  state  of  intoxication  or  apo))lexy,  con- 
stant delirium,  convulsive  motions,  &c.  Emetics 
in  strong  doses,  and  not  much  diluted  with  wa- 
ter; purgatives  and  glystors  are  the  first  means 
to  be  used  in  this  condition.  The  stupor  may 
afterwards  be  combated  by  the  use  of  exciting 
and  stimulating  drinks. 

Narcosis  Folliciilo'rum.  A  state  of  the 
scalp,  which  Mr.  Erasmus  Wilson  conceives  to 
be  dependent  upon  torpid  action  of  the  hair  fol- 
licles, and  in  which  the  scalp  and  hair  are  found 
covered  with  a  yellowish,  dirty-looking  powder, 
composed  of  an  admixture  of  granular  particles 
and  furfuraeeous  scales. 

NARCOSPAS'MUS,  from  vapKv,  'stupor,' and 
o-T'iir/noj,  '  spasm.'     Stupor  combined  with  spasm. 

NARCOTIA,  Narcotine. 

NARCOTIC  POISON,  see  Poison. 

NARCOTICO-ACRID,  see  Poison. 

NARCOT'ICS,  Narcot'ica,  Cnrot'ica,  Ohsfu- 
pr-fiirien'tin,  Stiipefficien'tia,  Stiipefa'cients,  (F.) 
StiipefactlfH,  Stupefiants.  Same  etymon.  Sub- 
stances, which  have  the  property  of  stupefying; 

—  as  ofiium,  stramonium,  hyoscyamus,  bella- 
donna, <tc.  They  are  used  in  medicine  as 
soothing  agents  ;  exerting  their  special  influence 
on  the  brain  and  tubular  matter  of  the  spinal 
marrow.  In  small  doses,  as  a  general  rule, 
narcotics  stimulate;  in  large,  they  act  as  seda- 
t  ves.  The  following  is  a  list  of  the  chief  narco- 
tics:—  Aconitum,  iEtherea,  Belladonna,  Cam- 
I'hora,  Cannabis,  Conium,  Digitalis,  Ilumulus, 
ilyoscyamus,  Lactuearium,  Opium  and  Morphia, 
Btramonii  Folia,  Stramonii  Semina,  Mental  Nar- 
cotics, (Appropriate  Music,  Monotonous  sounds, 
or  any  succession  of  monotonous  impressions.) 

NAR'COTINE,  Narcoti'na,  Nnrcot'in,  Narco- 
ti'ii,  AiKircoti'ua,  Opin'mim ;  same  etymon;  (F.) 
Sel  c/e  Deroiue  ou  d'opiiim,  Opiane,  Principe 
crijHtalliznhle  de  Deronne.  A  solid,  white,  inodo- 
rous, and  insipid  substance ;  by  some  considered 


to  be  alkaloid  ;  by  others  neuter  ;  erystnllizable 
in  straight  prisms  with  a  rhoinboidal  base;  fusi- 
ble like  the  fats;  soluble  in  boiling  nlcniiol  and 
ether,  and  scarcely  soluble  in  water.  Narcotine 
produces  all  the  unpleasant  elfccts  of  opium  ;  but, 
at  the  same  time,  throws  the  animal  into  a  stale 
of  stupor.  It  is  not  used  in  medicine,  on  account 
of  these  objections.  The  salts,  which  are  very 
bitter,  have  been  used  successfully  in  India  for 
the  cure  of  intermittents. 

NARCOTISM,  Narcosis. 

NAR'COTIZED,  Tor'pidnn,  Nm-ro'dei,.  Af. 
fected  with  stupor,  as  from  the  use  of  a  narcotic. 

NARD,  CELTIC,  Valeriana  Celtica  — n.  In- 
dica,  Nardus  Indica — n.  Indicii.  Nardus  Iiidica — 
n.  Iiidiipie,  Nardus  Indica — n.  Petit,  Aralia  nudi- 
caulis — II.  Siiiivnr/e.  Asarum. 

NARDOSTACIIYS  JATAMANSI,  Nardus  In- 
dica — n.  Patrinia,  Nardus  Indica. 

NARDIIM  GALLTCUM,  Valeriana  Celtica. 

NARDUS  AMERICANUS,  Aralia  nudicaulis 
— n.  Celtica,  Valeriana  Celtica — n.  Celtica  altera, 
Arnica  montana — n.  Montana.  Asarum. 

Nardus  iN'noA,  Spica  unrdi  seu  In'dica,  An- 
dropo'(/on  iifirdiin  seu  citrlodo'riin,  Ord.  Grami- 
ncie  [?].  or  Nardox'tachi/K  seu  Viihriii'iui  seu  Pn- 
trin'in  Jatamnn'si,  Vdleria'un  xpiea  ;  Order,  Va- 
lerianaceas  ;  Indian  nard,  Sjtikenard.  The  root 
of  this  plant  is  one  of  the  ingredients  in  the 
mithridatc  and  theriaca.  It  is  moderately  warm 
and  pungent,  and  has  a  flavour  by  no  means  dis- 
agreeable. It  is  used  by  the  Orientals  as  a  spice: 
—  (F.)  Nard  Jndieii  ou  hidiipie.  An  ointment 
was  formerly  used,  called  Uiif/iipii'tiiin  nartli'mim. 
It  was  prepared  of  Nard,  3l<d(ibatJtriiiii  leavcf, 
Oil  of  wornxK,  ContuH,  Aiuomum,  Mijrrh,  &c.,  and 
was  used  as  a  detergent. 

Nardus  Rustica,  Asarum. 

NAIIES,  Jiliines,  Vav'itaa  seu  Cnvum  sea 
Ca'vea  seu  Oaver'iui  vi'riiim,  Nasiis  iiiter'iiiig, 
j\fijcte're8,  Na'riinn  ad'itiis,  Orlieteii'mafa,  The 
nostrils,  (Prov.)  Siiirrels,  Snnr/ca,  (F.)  Nariiiea, 
Two  elliptical  apertures,  situate  beneath  the  nose, 
and  separated  from  each  other  by  the  cartila- 
ginous septum  seu  eolinn'na  nasi.  These  aper- 
tures are  continually  open,  and  give  passage  to 
the  air  we  breathe,  and  to  the  mucous  fluids  se- 
creted in  the  nasal  fossae. 

Nares  Internee,  Nasal  fossfe. 

Nares  Posterior,  Nares  pontre'mm,  Extre'- 
m<B  nares,  Os'tia  poaterio'ra  seu  Chiin'ufg  vn'- 
riiim,  Na'rinm  E.r'itus,  (F. )  Arrieres  nariiies,  Oii- 
vertures  poatericiirea  des  fosses  nasrdes,  are  the 
posterior  apertures  of  the  nasal  cavities,  which 
establish  a  communication  between  those  cavities 
and  the  pharynx.  They  are  bounded,  ahove,  by 
the  body  of  the  splienoid  I)one ;  he/ow,  by  the 
palate  bone,  and  tlie  base  of  the  velum  pendu- 
lum ;  and,  on  the  outside,  by  the  internal  ala  of 
the  pterygoid  process.  They  are  separated  from 
each  other  by  a  septum,  of  which  the  vomer  is 
the  bony  part. 

NARIFUSO'RTA,  from  nares,  'the  nostrils,' 
nr\i\  fundere,  fnsHin,  'to  pour.'  Medicine  dropt 
into  the  nostrils. 

NAfUNES.  Nares. 

NARIUM  ADITUS,  Nares— n.  Siccitas, Myc- 
teroxerotes. 

NARROW  CHEST,  sec  Lordosis. 

NARTIIECIA,  Formulary,  Mvris. 

NARTTIECIUM,  Formularv.  Myris. 

NARTIIEX,  Formulary,  Myris,  Splint  — n. 
Asafuetida,  see  Asnffjetida. 

NASA,  Nacra,  Nata.  ^ 

NASAL,  Nasa'lia,  from  vasua,  'the  nose. 
That  which  relates  to  the  nose. 

Nasal  Artery.  This  is  the  largest  of  the  two 
branches  in  which  the  ophthalmic  artery  termi- 
nates.   It  issues  from  the  orbit,  above  the  tendon 


NASAL 


621 


NASO-PALATINE 


of  the  orbicularis  pnlpebrarum,  passes  above  the 
side  of  the  root  of  the  nose,  iiiid  anastomoses  with 
the  hist  extremity  of  tlie  facial,  llaller  gave  the 
name  unmil  to  the  spheno-palatine.  lie  also 
called  the  dorsales  nasi,  furnished  by  the  exter- 
nal uiaxiiiary,  Nami'lvn  laterd'les. 

Nasai,  Bonks,  Osati  nasi  seu  luiHu'lia,  Ossic'- 
iila  mini,  Onia  maxil'lcB  auperio' fin  qiiarta  seu 
qitiiila  seu  Hecun'da,  (F.)  On  niinnux,  Os  proprea 
da  iiez.  These  bones  are  situate  beneath  the 
nasal  notch  of  the  os  frontis,  and  occupy  the 
space  between  the  nasal  or  angular  processes  of 
the  superior  maxillary  bone.  Their  shape  is 
nearly  quadrilateral.  They  have  an  external  or 
cutaneoitn  surface,  an  intenidl  or  nanal,  and  four 
margins.  Each  is  articulated  with  its  fellow, 
with  the  OS  frontis,  ethmoid,  and  superior  maxil- 
lary bones.     They  ossify  from  a  single  point. 

Nasal  Cau'tilage,  GartHu'gn  trianrjida'ris 
Nasi.  A  cartilage  formed  of  three  portions, 
which  unite  at  the  dorsum  nasi,  and  are  distin- 
guished into  the  cartilage  of  the  itfptutii,  and  the 
lateral  cartilayea.  This  cartilage  is  continuous, 
above,  with  the  ossa  nasi,  and,  inferiorhj,  with 
membranous  fibro-cartilages,  which  form  the  sup- 
ple and  movable  part  of  the  nostrils.  They  are 
two  in  number — the  one  before,  the  other  behind. 

Nasal  Duct,  Lachrymal  duct  —  n.  Eminence, 
Mesophryon. 

Nasat,  FosS/E,  Cdvi  nn'riiitn,  Norex  inter'nep.. 
Two  large,  anfractuous  cavities,  situate  between 
the  orbits  below  the  cranium,  and  lineil  by 
the  pituitary  or  Schneiderian  membrane.  These 
cavities  have  no  communication  with  each  other; 
but  the  various  sinuses  in  the  neighbouring  bones 
—  the  ethmoidal,  sphenoidal,  superior  maxillary, 
Ac.  —  all  communicate  with  thein.  The  general 
cavity  of  each  nostril  is  divided  by  the  ossa  spon- 
giosa  into  three  meatita  or  j^nnKrir/cs,  which  run 
from  before  backwards.  1.  The  Mealitn  luiriiim 
enpe'rior,  placed  at  the  upper,  inner,  and  l)ack 
part  of  the  superior  spongy  bone.  2.  The  J/ea- 
tus  me'diiiK,  situate  between  the  superior  and  in- 
ferior spongy  bones;  and  3.  The  .^fentiis  iii/e'- 
rior,  situate  between  the  inferior  spongy  bone 
and  the  bottom  of  the  nose.  The  Schneide- 
rian membrane  receives  the  first  pair  of  nerves, 
and  various  branches  from  the  fifth  pair.  The 
arteries  are  furnished  by  the  branches  of  the  in- 
ternal mn.rillnnj,  known  under  the  names  of 
epheno-palatine,  infra-orbitar,  superior  alveolar, 
palatine,  pterygo-palatine  ;  by  the  supra-orbitar, 
and  ethmoidal  branches  of  the  o|)hthalmic  artery; 
by  the  internal  carotid,  superior  labial,  and  dor- 
sales  nasi.  Its  veins  are  little  known,  and  gene- 
rally follow  the  course  of  the  arteries.  The  lym- 
phatics are  almost  unknown.  The  nasal  fossa} 
are  the  seat  of  smell ;  they  aid,  also,  in  respiration 
and  phonation.  , 

Nasal  Meatus,  see  Nasal  fossae. 

Nasal  Mtrct;s,  JIucus  nn'rinm,  Phler/ma  nn'- 
ritivi  crassum,  Miicor  seu  Pitiii'la  seu  Blenna  seu 
Lympha  mucnlen'ta  nn'riiim,  Apomi/x'ia,  vulgarly 
called  Snot,  Snob,  Snoth,  (F.)  Morre,  is  the  inucus 
secreted  by  the  Schneiderian  membrane. 

Nasal  Nkuve,  Xxso-palpebrid  (Ch.),  Naso- 
ocula'ria  (Sommering),  Xitsn-ci/in'ris.  One  of 
the  throe  branches  of  the  ophthalmic  nerve  of 
Willis.  It  enters  the  orbit  by  the  sphenoidal  fis- 
sure, passes  along  the  inner  paries  of  that  cavity, 
and  divides,  opposite  the  internal  and  anterior 
orbitar  foramen,  into  tw^o  branches.  1.  The  in- 
ternal and  piinlerinr,  which  passes  into  the  Fora- 
men orbitarinm  internnm  anteriiin,  enters  the  cra- 
nium beneath  the  dura  mater,  and  passes  into  the 
nasal  foss;B,  through  an  aperture  at  the  side  of 
the  Crista  ijalli.  It  afterwards  divides  into  seve- 
ral filaments  :  one  of  them  —  the  Naao-lohar,  of 


Chaussier  —  is  very  small,  and  descends  on  the 
posterior  surface  of  the  os  nasi,  and  ramifies  on 
the  integuments  of  the  ala  nasi.  A  second  ter- 
minates near  the  septum;  others  descend  along 
the  outer  paries  of  the  nasal  fossa?.  2.  The  other 
is  external  and  anterior,  and  is  called  the  externid 
nasal  nerve.  It  is  distributed  to  the  outside  of 
the  orbit.  Before  dividing,  the  nasal  nerve  com- 
municates with  the  ophthalmic  ganglion,  and 
gives  off  two  or  three  ciliarj'  nerves.  Sommer- 
ing has  given  the  name  Pimlerior  Nasal  Nereis 
to  the  nerves  which  arise  from  the  internal  part 
of  the  spheno-palatine  ganglion. 

Nasal  Notch,  (F.)  Acliancmre  nasale.  A 
semicircular  notch,  situate  between  the  nasal 
prominence  of  the  frontal  bone,  and  articulated 
with  the  nasal  bones  and  the  uasul  processes  of 
the  superior  maxillary  bones. 

Nasal  Process,  Maxillary  bone,  superior. 

Nasal  Puoii'inence,  (F.)  B<is8e  nasale.  A 
prominence,  situate  on  the  median  line,  at  the 
anterior  surface  of  the  os  frontis,  between  the  two 
superciliary  arches. 

Nasal  Kegion,  lie'yio  luisa'lis.  The  region 
of  the  nose. 

Nasal  Spines.     These  are  three  in  number. 

1.  The  Siipe'rior  nasal  spine  of  the  os  frontis, 
occupying  the  middle  of  its  nasal  notch,  and  ar- 
ticulated before  with  the  nasal  bones,  behind 
with  the  ethmoid.  2.  1\\e  infe'rior  anA  ante' rior 
nasal  spine,  situate  at  the  inferior  part  of  the  an- 
terior opening  of  the  nasal  fossa?.  It  is  f<)rme<l 
by  the  two  superior  maxillary  bones;  and  3.  The 
infe' rinr  and  poste'rior  nasal  spine,  Epine  guttn- 
role  (Ch.),  a  process,  formed  on  the  median  line 
by  the  two  palate  bones  at  the  posterior  part  of 
the  palatine  arch. 

NASALE,  Errhine. 

NASALIS,  Compressor  naris. 

Nasa'lis  La'bh  Superio'ris.  A  small  mus- 
cular slip,  which  runs  up  from  the  middle  of  the 
orbicularis  and  the  lip  to  the  tip  of  the  nose.  It 
lies  exactly  in  the  furrow,  and  is  occasionally  a 
levator  of  the  upper  lip,  or  a  depressor  of  the  tip 
of  the  nose. 

NASAS,  Nata. 

NASATUS,  Membrosus. 

NAS'CALB.  A  kind  of  pessary,  made  of  wool, 
or  cotton,  which  was  formerly  introduced  into 
the  vagina,  after  being  impregnated  with  oil, 
ointment,  or  some  other  proper  medicament. 

NASCAPIITIION,  Narcarphthon. 

NASDA,  Nata. 

NASI,  see  Oryza. 

NASITAS,  Rhinophonia. 

NASITIS,  Rhinitis — n.  Postica,  Anginanasalis. 

NASO,  Nasn'tns,  from  nasns,  'the  nose.'  One 
who  has  a  long  nose.  In  composition,  appertain- 
ing or  relating  to  the  nose. 

NASOCILIARIS  (Nervus).  Nasal  nerve. 

NASO-LA'BIAL,  Naso-tabia'lis  :  from  vato, 
and  labium,  '  a  lip.'  Relating  to  the  nose  and 
lip. 

Naso-Labial  Line.  A  line  or  furrow,  which 
separates  the  lip  from  the  cheek,  and  commences 
at  the  ala  nasi. 

NASO-LABIA'LIS.  A  muscular  fasciculus 
described  by  Albinus,  which  arises  from  the  an- 
terior extremity  of  the  septum  nasi,  aad  termi- 
nates in  the  orbicularis  oris. 

NASO-PAL'ATINE,  Naao-palati'nns.  That 
which  belongs  to  the  nose  and  velum  palati. 

Naso-Palatine  Ganglion  is  situ.Tie  in  the 
foramen  palalinum  anterius.  Its  greater  extre- 
mity receives  the  two  naso-palatine   branches; 


NASO-PALr^BRAL 


622 


NAUSIOSIS 


•(vhilst  the  smaller  gives  off  two  or  three  fila- 
iiionts,  which  reach  the  palatine  vault,  where 
tlie}'  ramify  on  the  membrane  of  the  same  name, 
jinastomosing  with  filaments  of  the  great  palatine 
nerve. 

Naso-Palatine  Nrrve,  Nerve  of  Cotnn'mus, 
is  furnished  by  the  spheno-palatine,  which  pro- 
ceeds from  the  ganglion  of  Meckel.  It  traverses 
the  vault  of  the  nasal  fossie,  and  proceeds  upon 
tlie  septum  between  the  two  layers  of  the  pituitary 
iiiemhrane.  It  enters  the  anterior  palatine  canal, 
nod  terminates  at  the  superior  angles  of  the  naso- 
jialatine  ganglion,  without  attaining  the  mouth. 

NASO-PALP£BRAL,  Orbicularis  palpebra- 
rum. 

NASTA,  Nata. 

NASTURTIUM  AMPIIIBIUM,  see  Sisym- 
lirium  —  n.  Aquaticum,  Cardamine  pratensis,  Si- 
symbrium nasturtium — n.  Bursa  pastoris,  Thiaspi 
bursa — n.  Hortense,  Lepidium  sativum — n.  Indi- 
cum,  Tropa3olum  majus — n.  Officinale,  Sisymbri- 
um nasturtium — n.  Palustre,  see  Sisymbrium — n. 
Peruvianum,  Tropaeolura  majus  —  n.  Pratense, 
Cardamine  pratensis — n.  Sativum,  Lepidium  sa- 
tivum. 

NASUM  DILATANS,  Pyramidnlis  nasi. 

NASUS,  Noxe,  Rhin,  Bhin,  Or'ganon  oljac- 
tfln  seu  odora'tiiB  seu  olfacto'rium,  Promonto'- 
rium  faciei,  Myxo'ter,  Einiincto' rium  cer'ebri, 
Snout,  (Sc.)  Xeis,  Nex,  (F.)  Nez.  The  nose  is  a 
P3'ramidal  eminence,  situate  above  the  anterior 
apertures  of  the  nasal  fossae,  which  it  covers ; 
and,  consequently,  occupying  the  middle  and 
upper  part  of  the  face,  between  the  forehead  and 
upper  lip,  the  orbits  and  the  checks.  Its  lateral 
surfaces  form,  by  uniting  angularly,  a  more  or 
less  prominent  line,  called  Dorsum  seu  lihachis 
seu  Spina  Nasi,  (P.)  Vo8  du  nez.  This  lino  ter- 
minates, anteriorly,  by  the  lobe, — Lob'iihin.  The 
Fides  are  called  Alw  Nasi,  PinncB  Narie,  (F.) 
Ai/ei  dn  nez.  The  colitmna  is  the  inferior  part 
of  the  partition.  Its  apex  or  tip  has  been  called 
Gliih'uhis  nasi. 

The  chief  varieties  of  the  nose  are  the  aq'niline, 
the  fiat  none,  (F.)  Nez  camnrot  ou  ^pnte,  and  the 
snub  nose,  {¥.)  Nez  retrnnssi.  The  nose  is  formed, 
besides  its  bones,  of  fibro-cartilage,  cartilage,  mus- 
cles, vessels,  and  nerves  ;  and  its  use  seems  to  be  to 
direct  odours  to  the  upper  part  of  the  nasal  fossa?. 

Nasds  Interxus,  Nares. 

NASUTUS,  Naso. 

NATA,  Nnttn,  Nasn,  Nnsda,  Nasta,  Nasns, 
Napfa.  A  fleshy,  indolent  excrescence,  having 
the  shape  of  the  nates. 

NATATION,  Natron. 

NATA'TION,  Nafa'tio,  from  nalnre.  natatum, 
itself  from  nare,  'to  swim.'  Swimming.  The 
action  of  swimming,  or  of  supporting  one's  self, 
or  moving  upon  the  water.  Swimming  resem- 
bles the  horizontal  leap  in  its  physiology  —  the 
medium  being  water  instead  of  air.  The  differ- 
enoe  between  the  specific  gravity  of  the  human 
body  and  that  of  water  is  not  great ;  so  that  but 
little  exertion  is  required  to  keep  a  part  of  the 
body  above  water.  Swimming  is  a  healthy  gym- 
nastic exercise,  combining  the  advantages  of 
bathing. 

NATES,  Ephed'rana,  Scri'phia,  Pndex,  Chines, 
Ohiti/i,  Glut!,  Glu'tia,  Sndi'lia,  Pyje,  3fon(B, 
Pnttom.  Backside,  Poste'riors,  Buttocks,  (Prov.) 
Tout.  (Se.)  Doup,  Dowp,  Dolp,  Droddum,  Hur- 
dies,  Lendis,  &.C.,  (F.)  Peases.  Two  round  pro- 
jections, at  the  inferior  and  posterior  part  of  the 
trunk,  on  which  we  sit.  Amongst  the  mamma- 
lia, man  alone  has  the  nates  prominent  and  round. 
They  are  formed  chiefly  by  the  skin,  and  a  thick 
layer  of  areolar  tissue,  which  covers  the  three 
glut^ei  muscles. 


Nates  CEREuni,  Quadrigemina  corpora — n.  et 
Testes,  Quadrigemina  corpora. 

NATRIUM,  Sodium. 

NATROCREN^.,  Natropcgse. 

NATRON,  Natrmn,  Nat'aron,  Nitrum,  Ana- 
trum,  Aphronitruiu,  from  Natron,  a  lake  in  .Tuda'a. 
A  saline  compound,  very  abundant  in  Kgvpt, 
which  is  almost  wholly  formed  of  suLcailumato 
of  soda. 

NATRONIUM,  Sodium. 

NATROPE'GiE,  Natrocre'nm,  from  natron, 
wnAvtyri,  'a  spring.'     Soda  springs. 

NATRUM,  Natron  —  n.  Chloratum  liquidum, 
Liquor  sodaj  chlorinatae  —  n.  Muriaticnni,  Soda, 
muriate  of — n.  Muriatum,  Soda,  muriate  of — n. 
Prseparntum,  Soda,  subcarbonate  of — n.  Tnrtari- 
y.atum.  Soda,  tartrate  of — n.  Vitriolatura,  Sodii, 
sulphate  of — n.  Nitricum,  Soda,  nitrate  of  —  n. 
Oxymuriaticum,  Soda,  chloride  of — n.  O.xyphos- 
phorodes.  Soda,  phosphate  of — n.  Sulphuricum, 
Soda,  sulphate  of. 

NATTA,  Nata. 

NATULiE,  Quadrigemina  tuhercula. 

NATU'RA,  from  nasci,  'to  be  born  or  arise.' 
Phi/sis.     Nature.     Also,  the  genital  organs. 

Natu'ra  Morbi.  The  essence  or  condition  of 
a  disease. 

NATURAL  PARTS,  Genital  organs. 

NATURALIA,  Genital  organs. 

NA'TURISM,  Nat'uralism.  A  view  which 
attributes  every  thing  to  nature,  as  a  sage,  pre- 
scient, and  sanative  entity. — Nysten.  See  Ex- 
pectation. 

NA'TURIST.  A  physician  who  scrupulously 
investigates,  interprets,  and  fulhjws  the  indica- 
tions presented  by  nature  in  the  treatment  of 
disease. 

NAU'CLEA  GAMBIR,  Unca'ria  gambir.  A 
plant  of  the  Nat.  Order,  Rubiacea>,  native  of 
the  Malayan  Peninsula  and  Indian  Archipelago, 
which  yields  large  quantities  of  the  kind  of 
Catechu  known  by  the  names  Term  Japon'ica 
and  Square  Catechu,  and  which,  in  Indian  com- 
merce, is  called  Gambier  or  Gambir.  It  is  a 
powerful  astringent,  much  used  in  tanning,  and 
in  medicine.     See  Catechu. 

NAU'SEA,  Nau'sia,  Nausi'asis,  Nausio'sis, 
Nau'tia,  Queas'iness,  Squeaa'ineas,  (F.)  Navsie, 
Envie  de  vomir ;  from  vavi,  navis,  'a  ship;' be- 
cause those  unaccustomed  to  sailing  are  so  af- 
fected.    Sickness.     Inclination  to  vomit. 

Nausea,  Krkat'ic,  (/cpcaj,  leptarof,  'flesh.')  The 
sickness  and  vomiting,  excited,  in  some  nervous 
patients,  by  the  smallest  portion  of  animal  food. 

Nausea  Mari'nA,  llorbus  nan'ticus,  Vom'ilnt 
tnavigan'linm  seu  mari'nus,  Sea-tickiiesa,  {Y.)M<d 
de  mer.  The  sickness,  vomiting,  <fec.,  experienced 
at  sea  by  those  unaccustomed  to  a  sea-life;  and 
from  which  those  who  are  accustomed  arc  not 
always  exempt.  It  generally  ceases  when  the 
person  becomes  habituated  to  the  motion  of  the 
vessel,  and  not  till  then. 

NAUSEABOND,  Nauseant. 
NAU'SEANT,  Nau'seans,  (F.)  NausSahnnd, 
NausSeux.  An  agent  that  excites  nausea,  which 
is  a  state  of  diminished  action.  Nauseants  are, 
hence,  valuable  remedies  in  diseases  of  excite- 
ment. 

NAUSIA,  Nausea. 
NAUSIASIS,  Nausea. 

NAUSIO'SIS.  This  word,  besides  being  f>y- 
nonymous  with  nausea,  has  been  used  to  e.xpreps 
the  state  of  venous  hemorrhage,  when  blood  U 
discharged  by  jets. 


NAUTIA 


623 


NEEDLE 


NAUTIA,  Nausea. 

NAVEL,  Umbilicus — n.  String,  Funiculus  unn- 
l)iiiculis — n.  Wort,  Cotyledon  umbilicus — n.  Wort, 
Vcnus's,  Cotyledon  umbilicus. 

iV/1  VET,  Brassica  rapa  —  n.  dii  Diuhle,  Bryo- 
nia iilba — II.  Gitldiil,  Bryonia  alba. 

NA  VETTE,  Brassica  rapa. 

NAVICULAR,  JVavicula'rh,  Nmnfor'mts,  (F.) 
Ndvicninire,  from  tiavicula,  'a  little  ship.' 

Navic'ulaii  Fossa,  Fossa  Nuvicula'ris  seu 
Srnplio'i'des,  Navic' ula,  Scaph' via.  See  Scaphoid. 
This  name  has  been  given,  1.  To  a  small  depres- 
sion between  the  entrance  of  the  vagina  and  the 
posterior  c-omtuissure  of  the  labia  major  or  f(mr- 
eliette.  2.  To  a  perceptible  dilatation,  presented 
by  the  urethra  in  man,  near  the  base  of  the 
glans.  .3.  To  the  superficial  depression  which 
se])arate8  the  two  roots  of  the  helix.  This  is  also 
called  Sciipha. 

NAVICULARE  OS,  Scaphoides  os. 

NAVIFORMIS,  Navicular. 

NAVIS,  Vulva. 

NliAIl-SKiHTEDNESS,  Myopia. 

NEARTIIRO'SIS,  from  vtof,  'young  or  new,' 
and  apijpov,  "a  joint.'     A  new  joint. 

NEBLE,  Nipple. 

NEB'ULA,  Nithes,  Nuhec'ula,  Nejihns,  vc(j>t\rj, 
Ni-jili'ele,  Neplie'lioti,  Visits  tiebitlo'siis,  (F.)  Niuige, 
Oiiibraye.  A  slight  speck  on  the  cornea.  A  mist 
or  cloud  suspended  in  the  urine.     See  Caligo. 

NEBULOUS,  Nepheloid. 

NECESSARY,  Necessa'rins,  (ne,  and  cessare.) 
The  Necesnaries  of  Life,  VilcB  necessita'les,  (P.) 
Jlexoiiis  de  la  vie,  include  every  thing  requisite 
for  the  maintenance  of  life,  and  particularly  food. 

NECK,  Collum — n.  Derbyshire,  Bronchocele. 

Nkck  op  the  Foot,  Instep. 

Neck,  Swellkd,  Bronchocele — n.  Stiff,  Torti- 
collis— n.  Wry,  Torticollis. 

XECKLACE,  AN'ODYNE,  (F.)  Collier  anodin. 
These  are  formed  of  the  roots  of  hyoscyauuis, 
Jiib'a  tears,  allspice  steeped  in  brandy,  or  the 
seeds  of  the  wild  liquorice  vine,  to  suit  the  fancy 
(jf  the  prescriber.  They  are  employed  to  facili- 
tiite  dentition  in  children,  and  to  procure  sleep  in 
(ever.  (!) 

iNECKWEED,  Veronica  beccabunga,  V.  pere- 
grina. 

NECR^'MIA,  from  vtKpof,  'death,'  and  'ai/xa, 
'  1/lood.'  Death  of  the  blood.  Death  beginning 
with  the  blood. 

NECRENCEPIIALUS,  Mollities  cerebri. 

NECROCEDIA,  Embalming. 

N ECROCOMIUM.  Morgue. 

NECRODES,  Cadaverous. 

NECRODOCIIIUM,  Morfjue. 

NECROLOaV,  BILLS  OF,  Mortality,  bills  of. 

NECROMANCY,  Necromnnti'a,  Negromanti'a, 
^fvijomniiti'a,  Niijromanti'a,  from  vexpos,  'death,' 
mid  jiavTua,  "'divination.'  Divination  by  the 
dead. 

NECROMANTIA,  Necromancy. 

NECRON,  Cadaver. 

NKCRONARCEMA,  Rigor  mortis. 

NECROPIIOBTA,  from  i/tvpoj,  'death,'  and 
^ '  ,ju5,  'fear.'  E.\iig^erated  fear  of  death.  This 
.-vuiptom  occurs  in  patients  where  the  disease  is 
iii't  mortal;  as  in  hypochondriasis.  In  fevers,  it 
!■*  not  a  good  symptom. 

XEClioPNEUMO'XIA.  Pnetimo'»i,x  ffam/ra-.- 
iiii'sii  sou  ti/pho'sa,  (ItiiKjrcf'tia  seu  3forliJictt'tio 
fou  .liithra.r  seu  C'irbnn' villus  I'nlino'uum,  Piien- 
iiiospp'sis,  Pneiiiiioc'dce,  (F.)  Gmiffrhte  da  Poii- 
mo:i,     Pneumonicrosie,  —  Piorry ;     from    vticpof. 


'death,'  nr\A  pneumonia.  Gangrenous  inflamma- 
tion of  the  lungs.  This  may  be  diffused  or  cir- 
cuiiiscribed.  The  only  pathognomonic  symptom 
is  the  extraordinary  and  repulsive  odour  of  the 
breath  and  expectoration.  The  treatment  con- 
sists in  the  use  of  the  chlorides  internally,  or  of 
chlorine  by  inhalation;  allaying  irritation  by 
opium,  and  supporting  the  patient  by  wine-whey, 
and  nourishing  diet. 

NECROPSIA,  Autopsia  cadaverica. 

NECROPSY,  Autopsia  cadaverica. 

NECROSCOPIA,  Autopsia  cadaverica. 

NECROSCOPY,  Autopsia  cadaverica. 

NECROSED,  see  Necrosis. 

NECROSEMEIOT'ICE,  from  vCKpoi,  'death,' 
and  arjjjuov,  'a  sign.'  The  doctrine  of  the  signs 
of  death. 

_  NECRO'SIS,  from  vckpou),  'I  kill.'  Mortifica- 
tion. State  of  a  bone  or  of  a  portion  of  a  bone 
deprived  of  life.  OxtaxjaiKjra'ua,  Onteouecro'sis. 
The  bone,  in  such  case,  is  said  to  be  tiecrosed. 
Necrosis  may  take  place  without  the  surrounding 
soft  parts  being  struck  with  gangrene.  It  is  to 
the  bones  what  gangrene  is  to  the  soft  parts. 
The  part  of  the  bone  affected  with  necrosis  be- 
comes a  foreign  body,  similar  to  the  gangrenous 
eschar,  and  its  separation  must  be  accomplished 
by  the  efforts  of  nature,  or  by  art.  AVhen  necro- 
sis occurs  in  the  centre  of  long  bones,  it  never 
extends  to  their  articular  extremities.  The  exte- 
rior layers  of  bone  form  a  canal  round  the  dead 
portion  or  sequestrum ;  between  these  swollen 
layers  and  the  sequestrum,  suppuration  takes 
place  ;  the  matter  presses  against  the  bony  canal; 
perforates  it,  and  is  discharged  by  apertures, 
which  become  fistulous. 

In  the  treatment,  the  exit  of  the  sequestrum 
must  be  facilitated  by  proper  incisions,  by  the 
application  of  the  trepan  to  the  bone,  Ao. 

Nb;cuosis  Ceiikalis,  Ergotism  —  n.  Dentium, 
Dental  gangrene  —  n.  Ustilaginea,  Ergotism. 

NECROSTOA,  Morgue. 

NECROTOMY,  Dissection. 

NECTANDRA  CINNAMOMOI'DES,  Laums 
ciuniuuoiiKi'i'des,  Oinmimo'mum  sylres'tre  Anieri- 
ca'nuin  :  Order,  Laurace.'e  ;  native  of  New  Gre- 
nada, where  it  is  called  Uauehi ;  has  the  odour 
and  taste  of  cinnamon,  and  is  used  as  such. 

Nectandra  Cymba'uiim,  Ocote'a  cymha'rum 
seu  nma'ra,  grows  in  Oronoko,  where  it  is  called 
Sass'ofras.  The  bark  is  aromatic,  bitter,  and 
stomachic;  and  Von  Martius  thinks  it  is  an  in- 
gredient in  the  curare  poison. 

Nkctandua  Puchury,  see  Pichurim  beans  — 
n.  Rodiei,  see  Bebeoru. 

NECTAR,  vtKTap,  from  vn,  'a  particle  of  ne- 
gation,' and  KTaui,  'to  kill.'  A  pleasant  liquor, 
feigned  hy  the  poets  to  have  been  the  drink  of 
the  gilds,  and  to  have  rendered  immortal  those 
who  partook  of  it.  A  name  given,  by  the  an- 
cients, to  many  drinks ;  and  particularly  to  one 
made  with  wine,  evaporated,  and  sweetened  with 
honey. 

NECTARIUM,  Inula  heleniuin. 

NECUSIA,  see  Wound. 

NECYO.MANTIA,  Necromancy. 

NEDYIA,  Intestines. 

NEDYS,  vri&vi.  The  belly,  abdomen,  stomach, 
uterus. 

NEEDLE,  Sax.  nettl,  nsewl,  from  Tent,  n  eten, 
'to  sew.'  Acus,  Bel'oup,  Riiphis,  Roph' ion,  Aces'- 
tra,  (F.)  AiguiJle.  A  steel  instrument,  used  in 
many  professions.  In  Surgery,  a  steel,  gold,  sil- 
ver, or  platina  instrument,  that  may  be  round, 
flat,  or  triangular,  straight,  or  curved,  supported 
or  not  by  a  handle,  but  having  always  a  point,  by 


NEEDLE-BEARER 


0  2  4 


NEOPLASTY 


means  of  which  it  penetrntcs  the  textures;  and 
often  having,  either  near  tlie  point,  or  more  com- 
monly, near  the  other  extremity,  nn  aperture  or 
eye  lur  the  reception  of  a  thread  or  tape,  which 
it  introduces  into  the  parts.  The  Aiyitille  d  up- 
jynreil  of  the  French  is  the  ordinary  sewing  nee- 
dle used  in  the  making  of  bandages,  &c. 

Needle,  A'cupunctuue,  (F.)  AiijnUle  d  Acn- 
puuctare.  An  inflexible  gold  or  silver  needle ; 
conical,  very  delicate,  four  inches  long,  furnished 
with  a  handle,  and,  at  times,  with  a  canula 
shorter  than  it  by  about  half  an  inch.  An  ordi- 
nary needle,  waxed  at  the  head,  will  answer  as  a 
substicute  for  this.     See  Acupuncture. 

Needle,  Cat'aract,  Achs  ophthal'mica,  (F.) 
Aujiiil/ed  ciitaracte.  Needles  of  gold,  silver,  and 
pteel  have  been  used;  the  latter,  alone,  at  the 
present  day.  The  cataract  needle  is  employed 
to  depress  or  tear  the  crystalline  when  opake. 
This  needle  is  usually  made  from  15  to  24  lines 
long  ;  and  is  attached  to  a  tine  handle.  The  ex- 
tremity may  be,  as  in  Scarpa's  and  Langenbeck's, 
pointed,  prismatic,  triangular,  and  curved ;  in 
Dupuytren's  and  Walther's,  flat,  curved,  and 
sharp-edged;  in  Hey's,  flat,  with  a  semicircular 
and  sharp  end ;  or,  as  in  Beer's,  Siebold's, 
Schmidt's,  Himly's,  Von  Griife's,  &c.,  straight 
and  spear-pointed.  A  mark  is  generally  placed 
upon  the  bundle  to  inform  the  operator,  —  when 
the  instrument  is  engaged  in  the  eye, — what  side 
corresponds  to  tlie  crystalline. 

Needle  for  a  Counter-Opening,  Aeits  inva- 
giiia'ta,  (F.)  AiyiiiUe  d  ('uiilre-oitvertiire  ou  oi- 
yainee  ou  d  gaine,- — a  long,  narrow  instrument 
of  steel;  the  point  of  which  is  fine  and  sharp  on 
both  sides; — the  heel  (titlon)  having  an  aperture 
to  receive  a  thread,  tape,  <fec.,  provided  with  a 
flat,  silver  sheath,  shorter  than  the  blade,  the 
point  of  which  it  covers  when  passing  through 
parts  that  have  to  be  respected. 

Needle,  Deschamp's,  I'aupe's  needle,  (F.) 
Aiguille  tie  Dfschnm])!<,  A.  a  vkuii-Iic,  &c.,  is  the 
last  described  needle,  fixed  to  a  handle.  The  eye 
is  placed  near  the  point.  It  is  employed  in  the 
ligature  of  deep-seated  arteries. 

NeeDLK,  Fis'tulA,  (F.)  AigniUe  d  Fii-tiile.  A 
long,  flat,  flexible,  silver  instrument;  having  an 
aperture  near  one  extremity  ;  blunt  at  the  other. 
This  was  formerly  used  for  passing  a  seton  into 
fistulous  ulcers.  On  one  of  its  sides  was  a  groove 
for  guiding  a  bistouri  in  case  of  necessity. 

Also,  a  long,  steel  instrument,  terminated  by  a 
point  like  that  of  a  trocar,  which  Desault  em- 
ployed for  penetrating  the  rectum,  when  operating 
for  fistula  that  had  no  internal  aperture. 

Needle.  Hare-Lip,  (F.l  Aiguille  d  Bee  de 
Liivre.  A  small,  silver  eanula,  to  which  is  at- 
tached a  spear-point,  that  can  be  readily  with- 
drawn. This  needle,  armed  with  the  point,  is 
introduced  at  one  side  of  the  fissnire  in  the  lip, 
and  through  the  other.  The  twisted  suture  is 
then  applied,  and  the  jiin  withdrawn. 

Needle,  Lic'ATUiiE.  {¥.)  Aiguille  d  ligature. 
A  long,  steel  instrument,  sharp  towards  one  ex- 
tremity, with  an  eye  near  the  other,  which  was 
formerly  used  for  suspending  the  circulation  of 
l)loodpriorto  amputation,  by  beingpassed  through 
the  limb,  so  as  to  include  the  principal  artery  and 
a  part  of  the  muscles  and  integuments. 

Also,  a  steel  instrument  of  various  dimensions, 
round  towards  one  of  its  extremities,  which  was 
straight,  and  furnished  with  an  aperture;  curved 
and  flat  towards  the  opposite,  which  was  pointed, 
and  had  a  slight  ridge  on  its  concave  side.  At 
the  commencement  of  the  last  cenlurj',  this 
instrument  was  used  to  pass  ligatures  around 
vessels. 

Also,  a  steel  instrument  of  various  dimensions, 


flat,  regularly  curved  in  the  form  of  n  semicircle, 
with  a  sharp  or  lance  point,  and  a  long  eye,  used 
with  advantage  in  place  of  the  last. 

Needlk,  Paiipe's,  Needle,  Deschamp's. 
Needle,  Seton,  (F.)  Aiguille  d  Sfton.  A  long, 
narrow,  steel  blade;  pointed  and  sharp  nt  one 
extremity  ;  pierced  at  the  other  by  an  aperture. 
The  Aiguille  d  nontre-uuverture  may  bo  used  for 
the  same  purpose. 

Needle,  Si'tdre,  (F.)  Aiguille  d  Suture.    For 
the  twisted  suture,  the  hare-lip  needle  is  used  ; 
for  the  others,  the  straight  or  curved  needle  :  the 
straight  needle  is  jireferable  for  stitching  up  the 
abdomen,   <fec.,  in   dissection.     In  the    suture  of 
the  tendons,  a  curved  needle  has  been  used  :  flat 
on  both   sides,   and  cutting  only  at  the  concave 
edge,  in  order  that  the  instrument  may  pass  be- 
tween the  tendinous  fibres  without  dividing  them. 
NEEDLE-BEARER,  Porte-uiguille. 
NEEDLE-CARRIER,  Porte-aiguille. 
NEEM  BARK,  see  Melia  azedarach. 
NEESING,  Sneezing. 
NEFLE,  Mespilus  (the  fruit). 
NEFLIER,  Mespilus. 

NEFREN'DES,  properly,  'sucking  pigs.'  — 
Varro.  Nodoi,  Eden'tiili  (vn,  privative,  and  oiovf, 
of.ovToi,  'a  tooth.')  Persons  devoid  of  teelli. 
Young  children,  for  instance,  who  have  not  cut 
them ;  or  aged  persons,  who  have  lost  them. 
This  state  is  called  Nefretidis,  Kodo'sia,  Odim'lia 
eden'tula. 

NEGOTIUM  PARTURITIONIS,  Parturition. 
A'FGNE  niANC,  Albino. 
NEGRETIA  PRURIENS,  Dolichos  pruriens. 
NEGRO,   Ni'grita,    (¥.)   Negre.      One    of   the 
j3ithioi)ian  race.     See  Homo  and  Mulatto. 
NEGROMANTIA,  Necromancy. 
NEI^RA,  Abdomen. 
NFIGE,  Snow. 
NEIR,  Kidney. 
NEIRA,  Abdomen. 
NEIS,  Nasus. 

NELUM'BIUM  LU'TEUM,  Yellow  ne'bimhn, 
Yelloni  water  lily.  Pond  lUij.  Water  ah iehl,  Water 
nuts,  Water  eliiii'capiii.  Rattle  nut,  Saered  henii. 
A  beautiful  water  plant,  common  in  the  United 
States,  and  belonging  to  A'^at.  Ord.  Nyniphaceae: 
Sex.  Siji't.  Polyandria  Polygynia.  The  leaves 
are  cooling  and  emollient  when  applied  to  tlie 
surface.  The  roots,  leaves,  and  nuts  are  eaten. 
The  last  are  called  by  the  Indians  and  otlicrs 
water  chiuea]>iuii. 

NELUMBO,  YELLOW,  Nelumbium  luteuu). 
NENDO,  Angelica  lucida. 
NENNDORF,    MINERAL    WATERS     OF. 
Nenndorf  is  a  village  three  and  a  half  (icrninn 
miles  from  Hanover.    Its  cold  sulphureous  spring 
is  much  celebrated. 

NENUPHAR,^  Nymphaca  alba  — ji.  Blanc, 
Nyinplin?a  alba — ».  Jaime,  Nymphaea  lutea  —  n. 
Lutea,  Nymphfea  lutea  —  n.  Odoraut,  Nymphica 
odorata. 

NEOARTHRO'SIS,  from  wos,  'new,' and  ap- 
6pov,  'a  joint.'     A  new  joint;  an  artificial  joint. 

NEOG'ALA,from  veoq,  'new,'  and  yuhi,  'milk.' 
Milk  secreted  immediately  after  the  colostrum. 
Also,  the  colostrum. 

NEO(iENES,  A'^ovveau-nf. 

NEOGILUS,  Xouveau-nL 

NEOGNUS,  A^ouveau-iie. 

NEOGONUS,  A'oureau-nL 

NEO-ME.MIiRANK,  see  Membrane,  false. 

NEONATUS,  A'ouveau.,,^. 

NE'OPLASTY,  A'lophm'tiee,  from  vtoi,  'new,' 


NEOSCYTECHUS 


62  5 


NEPHROID 


and  irXoffffu,  v\aTTu>,  'I  form.'  An  operative  pro- 
cess for  the  formation  of  new  parts.  It  includes 
uutojilai'ty,  cicatrization  of  wounds,  and  the  for- 
mation of  adhesions. — Burdach. 

NEOSCYTECHUS,  see  Craquement  de  Cuir 
ucvf. 

NEOTOCICTERUS,  Icterus  infantum. 

KEOTTIA,  Ooodyera  pubcscens. 

NEP,  Nepcta. 

NEPEN'TIIA  DESTILLATO'RIA,  Bandit' ra. 
A  Ceylonese  plant,  the  root  of  vf  hich  is  astringent. 

NEI'EN'TIIES,  from  vrj,  negative  particle,  and 
irtv5o{,  'grief.'  A  remedy  much  e.\tolled  by  the 
ancients  against  sadness  and  melancholy. 

The  women  of  Thebes,  according  to  Diodorus 
Siceliotes,  alone  possessed  the  secret  of  its  com- 
position ;  and,  according  to  Ilomer,  Helen  intro- 
duced it  from  Egypt.  Some  suppose  it  to  have 
been  opium. 

Nkpenthes,  Bangue — n.  Opiatum,  PiluliB  opi- 
ata;. 

NEP'ETA,  N.  Cntn'ria  seu  vulga'ris,  Catn'ria 
ruhin'iii,  fferbn  felin,  Nep,  Cnttiep,  Catmint,  (F.) 
Jlerbe  (inx  Chnts,  Cutuire,  —  so  called,  because 
tats  are  fond  of  it.  Ord.  Labiatae.  The  leaves, 
Cutu'iia,  (Ph.  U.  S.),  have  a  smell  and  taste  like 
tbo8e  of  an  adini.xture  of  spearmint  and  penny- 
royal. It  has  been  recommended  in  uterine  dis- 
orders, dyspepsia,  flatulency,  <feo.,  like  penny- 
royal; and  is  much  used  in  domestic  medicine, 
on  the  American  continent,  in  flatulencies,  <tc., 
of  children. 

Nei'kta  Agrestis,  Melissa  nepeta  —  n.  Gle- 
choiiia,  Glechoma  hederacea  —  n.  Vulgaris,  Ne- 
peta. 

NEPn.ALTOTES,  Temperance. 

NEPilEI.E,  Enasorcraa,  Nebula. 

NEPII ELTON,  Nebula. 

NEPII'ELOID,  Nephelo'i'des,  Nephelo'des, 
Keli'idiius,  Nuhito'sns.  From  vi^cAjj,  'a  cloud,' 
and  £ic'oj,  'resemblance.'  An  epithet  applied  to 
urine  when  it  is  cloudy — Uri'na  nephelo'des. 

NEPllOS,  Nebula. 

NEPHKiTlMORRnAGTA,  see  Ilamaturia. 

NEPIIRAI/GIA,  Dolor  MepJu-et'icus,  Neural'- 
gin  Itcniuu,  (F.)  Necrahjie.  des  lieinn,  Di/snephio- 
vervie.  from  vt^pof,  '  a  kidney,'  and  uAyaj,  '  pain.' 
Pain  and  neuralgia  in  the  kidney. 

Nephralgia  Arenosa,  see  Gravel — n.  Calcu- 
losa,  see  Gravel — n.  llheumatica,  Lumbago. 

NEPIIRANURIA,  Ichuria  rcnalis. 

NEPIIRAPOS'TASIS,  XepJn-opi/o'xh,  Absces'- 
»«s  rciia'lin,  from  vtiPjtoi;,  '  kidney,'  and  anoaraaii, 
'abscess.'     Renal  abscess. 

NEPIIRATON'IA,  from  vtit>pou  'kidney,' and 
erovia,  '  want  of  tone.'  Reniini  aton'ia  seu  pa- 
ral'yuln.     Atony  of  the  kidney. 

NEPIIRAUX'E,  from  i.£0po?.  'a  kidney,' and 
au|u,  '  to  increase.'     Enlargement  of  the  kidney. 

NEPHRELCO'SIS,  N'phrnp;io'xli,,  H.Ico'sIh 
rena'lin,  from  vcippof,  'kidney,'  and  'tAiconrff,  'ul- 
ceration.'    Ulceration  of  the  kidney. 

NEPIIRELMIX'TIC,  Nephrelmln'tkm,  from 
I't^^of,  'a  kidney,' and  'tA/iivf,  'EA^o-Oof,  'a  worm.' 
That  which  is  owing  to  the  presence  of  worms  in 
the  kidney. 

NEPllREMPIIRAX'IS,  from  vt(ppoq,  'a  kid- 
ney,' and  ep'p(iii(rau),  '  I  obstruct.'  A  name  given 
by  Ploucqutt,  to  obstruction  of  the  kidneys. 

NEPHRET'IC,    Xiphrid'hii,    Xephrit'ic,  Ne- 

phn't'iciifi,  from  I't^poj,  'a  kidney.'     That  which 

relates  to    the    kidiuy.      Api>lied,  especially,  to 

Jiain,  Ac,  seated  i  i  tlie  kidney. 

NEPIIRET'ICU.M.  in  Materia  Jlcdica,  means 

40 


a  medicine  employed  for  the  cure  of  diseases  of 
the  kidney. 

Nkphueticum  Lignum,  Guilandina  moringa. 

NEPIIRET'ICUS  LAPIS,  T<dcnm  nephrit'- 
icum,  (F.)  Pierre  nephretique,  Jitde  nephrite  ou 
oriental.  A  green,  fatty  kind  of  stone,  —  once 
used  as  an  amulet  against  epilepsy, —  an  absurd 
name,  as  there  can  be  no  such  remedy. 

NEPHRIA,  Kidney,  Bright's  disease  of  the. 

NEPHRID'ION,  Pingue'do  renti'lis.  From 
vtippoi,  '  the  kidney.'  The  fat  which  surrounds 
the  kidneys. — Hippocrates. 

NEPIIRIDIUM,  Capsule,  renal. 

NEPHRIDIUS,  Nephretic. 

NEPHRINE,  0.\yd,  cystic.  Urea. 

NEPHRITE,  Nephritis— n.  Alhamineme,  Kid- 
ney, Bright's  disease  of  the. 

NEPHRITES,  Asphaltites. 

NEPHRITIC,  Nephretic. 

NEPHRlTICUiVI  LIGNUM,  Guilandina  mo- 
ringa. 

NEPHRITIS,  Asphaltites. 

Nephri'tis,  Empres'ma  Nephritis,  from  vt(t>pos, 
'kidney,'  and  itin,  'denoting  inflammation  ;'  Jie- 
num  injidinma'lio,  Nephro-phley' mone,  —  htjlam- 
matinn  of  the  Kidney,  (F.)  Nephrite,  Injiammation 
dea  Jleins,  is  characterized  by  acute  pain  ;  burn- 
ing heat,  and  a  sensation  of  weight  in  the  region 
of  one  or  both  kidneys ;  suppression  or  diminu- 
tion of  urine;  fever;  dysuria ;  ischuria;  consti- 
pation, more  or  less  obstinate;  retraction  of  the 
testicle,  and  numbness  of  the  thigh  of  the  same 
side.  It  may  be  distinguished  into  simple  and 
calcnlonx  nephritis  —  Lithoiiephrilix.  In  the  lat- 
ter, the  urine  often  contains  small  particles  of 
uric  acid  or  of  urate  of  ammonia.  The  most  com- 
mon causes  of  nephritis  are, — excess  in  irritating 
and  alcoholic  drinks;  abuse  of  diuretics;  blows 
or  falls  on  the  region  of  the  kidneys;  the  presence 
of  renal  calculi,  &c.  It  may  be  distinguished 
from  lumbago  by  the  pain  which  attends  the  lat- 
ter on  the  slightest  motion,  Ac.  It  usually  ter- 
minates by  resolution  in  from  one  week  to  two 
or  three.  It  may,  however,  end  in  suppuration 
— pi/onephrite ;  or  may  become  chronic — chrono- 
nephrite,  (  Piorry. )  In  the  treatment,  anti- 
phlogistics,  as  bleeding,  baths,  &c.,  are  required 
to  the  full  extent;  with  the  use  of  diluents, 
opiates,  Ac. 

Nephritis  Albtminrnsis,  Kidney,  Bright's  dis- 
ease of  the  —  n.  Albuminosa,  Kidney,  Bright's 
disease  of  the  —  n.  Associated,  Kidney,  Bright's 
disease  of  the — n.  Cachectic,  Kidney,  Bright's  dis- 
ease of  the  —  n.  Calculous,  see  Nephritis  —  n. 
Soclata,  Kidney,  Bright's  disease  of  the. 

NEPIIROCHALAZOSIS,  Kidney,  Bright's 
disease  of  the. 

NEPIIROCOCCOSIS,  Kidney,  Bright's  dis- 
ease of  the. 

NEPHROCYSTO'SIS.from  ve^pof,  'a  kidney,' 
and  KvdTi;,  'a  cyst  or  bladder.'  A  morbid  con- 
dition, which  consists  in  the  formation  of  cysts 
in  the  bladder. 

NEPIIROCOLICA,  Colica  nephretiea. 

NEPHRODES,  Nephroid. 

NEPHRODIUM  FILIX  MAS,  Polypodium 
filix  mas. 

NEPHROG'RAPHY,  from  vt(t>poi,  'a  kidney.' 
and  ypa<pv,  'a  description.'  An  anatomical  de- 
scription of  the  kidney. 

NEPHROH^E'MIA,  from  rt<t>pog,  'kidney,' and 
'ai/ia,  '  blood.'  Hyperaemia  or  congestion  of  the 
kidney. 

NEPH'ROID,  NephroVdes,  Nephro'des,  lieni- 
\  form' is,  from  ve(ppos,  'kidney,'  and  etios,  'form, 


NEPHROLITHIASIS 


6  2  0 


NERONIANA 


resemblance.'  Reniforra.  Having  a  resemblance 
to  a  kiilnoy  —  as  '  ncjihrolil  cancer,'  so  called  be- 
cause the  morbid  growth  resembles  the  kidney  in 
structure. 

NEPHROLITHrASIS,  from  ve^>poi,  'a  kid- 
he3s'  and  Xidos,  '  a  stone.'  The  disease  of  calculus 
in  the  kidney;  Lith'ia  rena'lin,  Lithi'asis  nephrit'- 
ica,  L.  Rcna'Us.     See  Gravel. 

NEPHROLITHTC,  same  etymon.  Belonging 
to  calculi  in  the  kidneys.  This  epithet  has  been 
applied  to  ischuria,  occasioned  by  calculi  formed 
in  the  kidneys. 

NEPHRO-LITHOTOMY,  Nephrotomy. 

NEPHROL'OGY,  Nephrolog"{a,  from  vtfpo;, 
'kidney,' and  Ao/oj,  'a  treatise.'  A  treatise  on 
the  kidneys.  Dissertation  ou  the  kidneys  and 
their  functions. 

NEPHROMALA'CIA,  from  veippos,  'kidney,' 
and  jxaXaKia,  'softness.'  Softening  of  the  kid- 
ney. 

NEPHROMETR^,  Psoas. 

NEPIIRON'CUS,  Tumor  rena'lis,  from  vi(ppoi, 
'kidney,'  and  oyKOi,  'a  tumour.'  A  tumefaction 
of  the  kidney. 

NEPHROPHLEGMAT'IC,  A^e/)7()-o-/jA%7Hn<'- 
icue,  from  yt-^ipos,  '  kidney,'  and  ip^syna,  (pXtypaTof;, 
'phlegm.'  A  name  given,  by  some  authors,  to 
ischuria  produced  by  mucus  contained  in  the 
urine. 

NEPHROPHIiEGMONE,  Nephritis. 

NEPHROPHTHI'SrS,  from  v£0po?,  'kidney,' 
and  i^9i(r(5,  'consumption.'  Phthisis  from  suppu- 
ration of  the  kidney. 

NEPHROPLETIIOR'IC,  Nephm-plethor'icus, 
from  vappoi,  'a  kidney,' and  n-A^/^upa,  '  plethora.' 
Belonging  to  plethora  of  the  kidneys.  An  epi- 
thet given  to  ischuria  dependent  upon  this  cause. 

NEPHROPY'IC,  Nephro-2')y' icm,  from  vt(ppoi, 
'a,  kidney,' and  tivov,  'pus.'  Belonging  to  sup- 
puration of  the  kidney. 

NEPHROPTOSIS,  Nephrapostasis,  Nephrel- 
cosis. 

NEPHRORRHAG"IA,  TfcBmntn'ria  rena'lh, 
HcBmorrluiffia  renum,  from  v£.<(ipo<;,  'kidney,'  and 
piyt],  'rupture  ;'  Projiii'vimn  Han'yiiims  e  re'nibas. 
Hemorrhage  from  the  kidney. 

NEPHROS,  Kidney. 

NEPHROSCLE'RIA,  from  vf0pof,  'kidney,' 
and  (T/cXfjpia,  'hardness;'  Indura'tio  renum.  In- 
duration of  the  kidneys. 

NEPHROSPAS'TIC,  NepJironpax'tkus,  from 
vcifipof,  'a  kidney,'  and  tnraio,  'I  draw.'  That 
winch  depends  upon  spasm  of  the  kidney.  An 
epithet  given  to  a  variety  of  ischuria. 

NEPIIROTHROM'BOID,  Nrphm-tJiromloV- 
fles.  from  vc^po;,  '  a  kidnej','  and  ^poij(3os,  'a  clot.' 
That  which  depends  upon  clot=  of  blood,  con- 
tained in  the  kidneys  or  their  ducts.  An  epithet 
fur  a  species  of  ischuria. 

NEPHROT'OMY,  Nephro-Ufhot'omr/,  Nephro- 
tom'iii,  Nephro-Uthotnm' ia,  Sectio  rena'lis,  S.  re- 
nin, from  viippoi,  'a  kidney,'  and  repvtiv,  'to  cut.' 
Dissection  of  the  kidney.  Also,  an  operation  pro- 
y)osed  with  the  view  of  extracting  calculi  formed 
in  the  kidney,  by  means  of  an  incision  into  the 
tissue  of  that  organ. 

NEPHRUS,  Kidney. 

NEPIOS,  lufans. 

NEPIOTES,  Infancy. 

NEPTA,  Asphaltum. 

NERA,  Toddy. 

NERANTIA,  see  Citrus  aurantium. 


NERE.  Kidney. 

NERF,  Nerve — n.  Clrconjlexe,  A.xillnry  ncrvo 
— ».  Beiitairi:,  Dental  nerve — n.  Finnier,  Oiutcai 
nerve  —  h.  Glimsn-pharjiiuiUn,  Pliaryngo-glossal 
nerve  —  n.  Gitatatif,  see  Lingual  nerve  —  u.  (#'»». 
tiilif  iiiiiominf,  Trigcmini  —  n.  Giilliind,  Palatine 
(middle)  nerve  —  ii.  Giitliuo-jxdatiii,  Pahitinc 
nerve — n.  J/onteux,  Pudic  nerve — u.  Jricu,  Ciliary 
nerve — )i.  hchio-ditorien,  Pudic  nerve — h.  IhcIuo- 
penien,  Pudic  nerve — »i.  Lnb)/riiilhi<iiie,  AmWlory 
nerve — n.  Ifentoiinier,  Mental  ncrvo  —  n.  Moleur 
oculnire  externe,  Motor  oculi  externus — n.  Octiln. 
miisculnire   e.rterne,    Motor    oculi    externus  —  h. 

Oculo-miinculaire    interne,   Patheticus    nervus 

n.  Pothetiqiic,  Patheticus  nervus  —  ji.  P(roiiih-e 
hranche.  Popliteal  nerve,  external — n.  Pliari/iiyo- 
(jloKsien,  Pharyngo-glossal  nerve — n.  Pneiwwijus. 
trique,  Pneumogastric  nerve — n.  Premiere  pnire 
trachelienne,  Occipital  nerve — n.  Prelibio-diijilid, 
Musculo-cutaneous  nerve,  see  Popliteal  nerve — u. 

Pritibio-Husphalangetnire,  see  Popliteal  nerve 

».  Pritibio  siisplmitaire,  Tibial  nerve,  anterior 

n.  lladio-diyitul,  Radial  nerve  —  »i.  Scialiipie 
grand.  Sciatic  nerve,  great  —  n.  Seititique  petit. 
Sciatic  nerve,  lesser — n.  Sciatique  poplite  externe, 
Musculo-cutaneous  nerve — n.  Smm-occipital,  Oc- 
cipital nerve — n^  Som-pubio-femoral,  Obturator 
nerve — n.  Spinn-cninio-trnpezien,  Spinal  nerve — 
n.  Susmaxi/laire,  Maxillary  superior  nerve  —  n. 
Sufjjidiien,  Supra-pubian  nerve  —  )i.  Sympnlhi- 
qne.  Trisplanchnic  nerve — )i.  grnnd  Sympathique, 
Trisplanchnic  nerve — n.  Tibiale  brandie,  Popli- 
teal internal  —  n.  Traehertl,  Laryngeal  inferior 
nerve — n.  Trac/ielo-dorsal,  Spinal  nerve — ».  Tri- 
Jumeau,  Trigemini — n.  d  Troia  cordts,  Trigcmini 
—  «.  Tympnnique,  Chorda  tympani — n.  Ydqiie, 
Pneumogastric  nerve— n.  Vertebro-diijital,  Mus- 
culo-cutaneous nerve. 

NERFS  BRONCHIQUES,  Bronchial  nerves 
— n.  Ci!i((ireH,  Ciliary  nerves — n.  Craniena,  Cere- 
bral nerves- — -n.  3Iotenra  ocnlairea  cnmnnina,  Mo- 
tores  oculorum — n.  liacltidiena,  Vertebral  nerves 
— ».  Sitcrea,  Sacral  nerves  —  n.  Suns-coatulta,  In- 
tercostal nerves. 

NERION,  Nerium  oleander. 

NERIS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  N6ri?  ia 
on  the  high  road  from  Moulins  to  Limoges,  eighty 
leagues  from  Paris.  There  are  four  springs,  the 
water  of  which  is  clear,  inodorous,  tasteless,  and 
has  an  unctuous  feel.  It  contains  carbonic  arid 
gas,  carbonate  of  soda,  and  sulphate  of  soda, 
chloride  of  sodium,  silex,  and  an  animal  matter  to 
which  its  'oleaginous*  property  is  probably  owing. 
The  waters  are  generally  used  in  the  form  of 
thermal  baths. 

NE'RIUM,  from  vripos,  'humid,' because  grow- 
ing in  moist  places.     N.  oleander. 

Ne'rium  Antidysenter'igum,  Wrifjlit'ia  nnti- 
dyaenfer'ica.  The  tree  which  affords  the  Cudnfja'- 
}ial(i  Baric.  Cones'ai  cortex,  TiUichcr'ry  cortex, 
Cortex  profln'cii.  Family,  Apocynese.  Sex.  Syat. 
Pentandria  Monogynia.  (Y.)Codafi<ip(de,  Cropnle. 
The  bark  of  this  Malabar  tree  is  of  a  black  colmir, 
externally,  and  is  generally  covered  with  a  whito 
moss  or  scurf.  It  has  an  austere,  bitter  taste,  and 
has  been  recommended  as  an  astringent  in  diar- 
rhoea, dysentery,  &c. 

Ne'rium  Olean'der,  Xe'rium,  Rhododnph'int, 
Eosn'go,  (F.)  Lavrier  rose,  Lanroae,  Nerion, 
Roauge,  Rhododaphne.  The  leaves  are  reputed 
to  be  narcotic.  The  infusion  is  employed  inter- 
nally, in  herpetic  affections,  and  the  powder,  in- 
corporated with  lard,  is  used  in  the  itch. 

NERONIA'NA  seu  NERO'XICA  (PIILEBO- 
TOM'IA.)  An  epithet  given,  for  some  cause,  to 
phlebotomy,  when  more  than  one  vein  was  opened 


NER  PR  UN'  P  UR  G  A  TIF  G  2  7 


NEIl\i:.o 


on  the  same  dny,  or  to  bleeding  coup  nur  coup.  \ 
Termed    Nenmlnna,    because    the     philosopher 
Seneca  was  bled  to  death  under  Nero  [?]. 

NERPHUN  I'URGATIF,  Rhainnus. 

NERVE,  Nervna,  Nenroit,  vcvpov,  '  a  string.' 
(F.)  Nerf.  Neuron  and  Neivus  meant  also,  with 
the  ancients,  a  tendon  and  a  ligament,  Partes 
uervo'iKP,  ;  and  hence  the  different  acceptations  of 
'nervous;'  —  'a  man  of  nerve — a  strong,  nervous 
iniin;  and  a  weak,  Jieryoii*  woman.'  The  nerves 
lire  tubular  cords  of  the  same  substance  as  that 
which  composes  the  encephalon  and  spinal  mar- 
row. They  extend  from  one  or  other  of  the  ner- 
vous centres  to  every  part  of  the  body,  commu- 
nicating, frequently,  with  each  other;  forming 
plej-nses,  and,  occasionally,  j/aiif/^Voisy  and  being, 
iit  length,  lost  in  the  parenchyma  of  organs. 
There  are  42  pairs,  and,  according  to  their  origin, 
they  are  termed  Cratiidl  or  Eneephalic,  and  Spi- 
luil.  Each  nerve  is  composed  of  several  filaments 
or  cords  placed  alongside  each  other,  and  is  sur- 
rounded by  a  neurilemma.  The  encephalic 
nerves,  in  general,  have  only  one  root  in  the 
brain,  whilst  the  spinal  arise  from  the  marrow  by 
two  roots  :  the  one  from  an  anterior  fasciculus  of 
filaments,  the  other  from  a  posterior,  separated 
from  each  other  by  the  Li(/ameiitum  denticnlutum  ; 
uniting  outside  this  ligament,  and  presenting,  near 
the  intervertebral  foramen,  a  ganglion  formed 
only  by  the  posterior  root.     The  two  roots  make, 


afterwards,  but  one  nerve;  and,  like  the  encepha- 
lic nerves,  proceed  to  their  destination,  subdi- 
viding into  rami  and  ramusculi,  until  they  are 
finally  lost  in  the  texture  of  the  organs.  The 
trunks  first  formed  are  commonly  round,  and 
proceed  alone,  or  accompany  the  great  vessels, 
being  placed  in  the  areolar  s])aces  which  separate 
the  organs,  and  are  thus  protected  from  injury. 
Tiieir  manner  of  termination  we  are  not  acquainted 
with  ;  whether  the  nervous  pulp,  for  instance,  as 
is  more  probably  the  fiict,  be  distributed  or  lost 
in  a  membrane,  as  seems  to  be  the  case  with  the 
nerves  of  sight,  hearing,  and  smell,  —  or  are 
looped.  Certain  it  is,  that  there  is  considerable 
difference  in  the  organs,  as  respect»  the  quantity 
of  nerves  that  terminate  in  them  ;  and  the  [lar- 
tieular  arrangement  of  the  nervous  extremities. 
Some  organs  have  numerous  nerves  ;  others  seem 
to  have  none :  a  circumstance  which  influences 
considerably  the  sensibility  of  parts. 

The  Encejihalic  Xeri:eH  arise  from  the  ence- 
phalon, or  are  inserted  into  it;  (according  as  we 
consider  the  brain  the  origin  or  termination  of  the 
nerves  ;)  and  make  their  exit  by  foramina  at  the 
base  of  the  skull.  They  are  12  in  number.  The 
s))inal  nerves  are  31  in  number,  8  cervieni,  12 
dorsal,  5  luiidxir,  and  6  sacral :  the  four  inferior 
cervical  being  much  larger  than  the  superior, 
because  they  furnish  the  nerves  of  the  upper  ex- 
tremities. 


SYNOPTICAL  TABLE  OF  THE  NERVES, 


Olfactory  . . . 
(1st  pair.) 


Motorcs  Oculorum. 
('3d  pair.) 


Terminate  in  the  retina. 


Divided  into  internal,  extcr 
nal,  and  tniddlR  hranchcs 
whirli  arc  distributed  on  thi 
Schiieiderian  men] lira ne. 

Optic j 

(■2d  pair.)  ( 

'  Superior  Branch.  To  the  rectus 
superior  oculi  and  levator 
palpi'brm  superioris. 

Ivf Prior  Branch.  To  III"  rer'Ms 
iiitornus,  recins  inferior  and 
lesser  oblique  muscles;  a 
filament  vvliich  goes  to  llie 
oplitlialniic  ganfflion. 

4.  Pothetici (  To  t lie  if i eater  oblique  muscle 

(4lh  pair.)  }      of  the  eye. 

'  Ophllin/mic  Branch.  Divided 
into  three  branches.  1.  'I'he 
lachrymal  brunch,  to  the  la- 
chiynial  jrlanri  and  upper 
eye-lid.  2.  Fronlnl  br/mcli. 
to  the  forehead  and  upper 
eyelid.  3.  JVasal  hranr/i.  to 
the  eyelids,  nasal  fossie,  and 
nose. 

Superior  Maxillary  Branch. 
I.  The  orbilar  branch,  to  the 
orbit,  i.  The  po-terior  and 
superior  dental,  to  the  last 
three  molar  teeth  and  ffunis 
3.  The  anterior  dental,  to 
the  incisor,  canine,  and  two 
lesser  inolares  4  Infra- 
orhitar.  to  the  upper  lip 
cheek,  and  nose. 

Inferior Miriillanj  Branch.  1. 
7'fm/)orrt/ profound  i)raiirhes. 
to  the  temporal  muscle.  2. 
Misseterine  branch,  to  the 
niasscler  muscle  3.  Buccal 
to  the  inner  surface  of  the 
cheek.  4.  Pleryiroid.  tn  the 
internal    pterygoid    muscle. 

5.  Linaual,  to  the  mucous 
nieinbrarie    of   the    tonuue 

6.  Inferior  dental,  to  the 
teeth  of  the  lower  jaw.  and 
to  the  lower  lip       ".  .^uri- 

I      cular  branch,  to  the  pavilion 
(     of  the  ear  and  forehead. 


L    Cranial  or  Encephalic  Nerves. 
6.  Ahducentcs   . . . 
Uith  pair.) 


5.  /  »r  Tritrcminum 
\5th  pair.) 


7.   Facial 

(Portio   dura   of  the 
7tli  pair.) 


P.  .Auditory  

(I'ortio  nndlis  of  the 

Ttli  pair  1 
9.  Olo.'<KO-pliariivseal. 
(Pi.rtion   of  the   8lh 

pair.) 


10.   Par  Vasum. 
{i*X\\  pair.) 


11.  Spinal  or  .Acces- 
sory of  Willis 


12.  Hypoglossal ... 
(9th  pair.) 


I  To  the  rectus  externus  oculi. 

( 1.    At  its  exit  from   the  ora- 
I       niuin,  llic  posterior  aurieu- 
I      /ar,   styloliyotd,    and    infra- 
mastnid.  tn  the  pavilion   ol 
I      the  ear,  the  mastoid  process, 
the  diyasiricus.  and  the  mus- 
cles attached  to  the  styloid 
process. 
2.  Near  the  parotid  gland,  the 
temporal,  ni'tlar,   buccal,  su- 
pramarillury.     and     infra 
maiillury  to  the  whole  su- 
^     p<rrficies  of  the  face. 

To  the  vestibule,  semi  circular 
canals,  and  cochlea. 

To  the  base  of  the  tongue  and 
pharynx. 

f  1.  /JV  THE  J\rF.CK,  —  H  pha 
rynn-eal  branch  to  the  pha- 
rynx; superior  laryngeal 
branch  to  the  larynx,  and  to 
some  muscles  of  the  infe- 
rior hyoid  region.  Cardiac 
branches  to  the  cardiac 
plexus. 

2.  JJV  THE  CHEST.— the  in- 
ferior '<i/-y«ifra/branch  toihe 
Jaryn.v  ^ulmonary  branchiB 
whirli  ttnni  the  pbxus  of 
the  same  iiinne:  icsophaseul 
branrhes  to  the  nesopliagus 

3  /JV  THE  jiBIJOMI.JV.- 
pa^tric  branches  to  the  i)a- 
rietes  of  the  stomach:  fila- 
inciils  which  go  to  the  neigh- 
bouring plexuses. 

At  its  exit  from  the  cranium— 
the  accessory  of  the  pnevmo 
goDtrie  nerre  anasl(unosin;j 
with  this  nerve.  In  the 
neck  — filaments  to  the  tras- 
peziiis  iiinsclcs. 

Cerricalis  dc^'cendens,  to  the 
muscles  of  the  inferior  hyoid 
region,  and  lo  the  cervical 
nerves.  Filaments  to  llie 
muscles  of  the  tongue. 


NERVES 


628 


NERVES 


II.   Spinal  or  Vertebral  A'erves. 


1.    Cc^ 


xl  Ne: 


Cervical  Plexus . 


(Anterior  Branch.     Anastomo- 

\sl  Cervical  Pair -;      sing   par    arcade  with    the 

(^     second  pair. 

(Anterior  Branch.      A   branch 
anastomosing  with  the  first 
pair:   a  branch  which  goes 
to  the  cervical  plexus. 
3d   and  ith  Cervical  f  Anterior  Branch.    Concurring 

Pairs \     in  the  cervical  plexus. 

The  Posterior  Branch  of  these  four  pairs  ramifies  on 
the  occiput  and  muscles  of  the  superficial  and  deep- 
seated  cervico-occipital  regions. 

Descending  Branches.  —  1.  In- 
ternal descending,  anasto- 
mosing with  a  branch  of 
the  hypoglossu-s.  2.  Ilirenic 
branch,   to    the    diaphragm. 

3.  External  descending  bran- 
ches, dividing  into  supra- 
clavicular, supra-acromial, 
infra-clavicular,  and  cervi- 
cales  profundi,  to  the  mus- 
cles and  integuments  of  the 
upper  part  of  the  chest  and 
shoulder,  to  the  trapezius, 
levator  scapulae,  rhomboid- 
eus,  iSrc. 

AscENDi.N'o  Branches. — 1.  Mas- 
toid, to  the  posterior  and 
lateral  part  of  the  head  and 
the  inner  surface  of  the  pa- 
vilion of  the  ear.  2.  Auricu- 
lar, to  the  parotid  gland  and 
pavilion  of  the  ear. 

Superficial  Cervical  Branches. 
(2.)  To  the  platysma  myoi- 
des,  digastricu.s,  the  integu- 
ments of  the  neck,  kc. 

Aniirior    Brandies.    Assisting 
in  the  formation  of  the  bra- 
chial plexus. 
hth,  Wi,  and  1th  Cer-  ,  Posterior    Branches.      To    the 
"  '  muscles    and     integuments 

of  the  postei'ior  part  of  the 
neck  and  upper  part  of  the 
back. 

1.  Thoracic  Branches,  (2.)  to 
the  anterior  and  lateral 
parts  of  the  chest.  2.  Supra- 
scapular]/ branch  to  the  mu.s- 
cles  of  the  posterior  scapular 
region.  3.  Infni-scupulary 
branches  (3.)  to  the  subsca- 
pularis,  teres  major,  teres 
minor,  and  latissimus  dorsi. 

4.  The  brachial  interna  cu- 
taneous, to  tlie  integuments 
of  the  palmar  and  dor.«al 
surfaces  of  the  forearm,  near 
the  ulnar  margin.  5.  The 
bracliial  exiernai  cutanenus. 
principally  to  the  integu- 
ments of  the  palmar  and 
dorsal  surfaces  of  the  fore- 
arm, near  the  radial  margin. 

6.  The  median  nerve,  to  the 
forearm,  hand,  and  palmar 
surface    of   all    the    fingers. 

7.  The  cubital  nerve,  to  the 
last  two  fingers.  8.  The  ra- 
dial, to  the  first  three.  9. 
The  axillary,  around  the 
shoulder-joint,  and  to  the 
neighbouring  muscles. 

2.  Dorsal  Nerves,  {Nervi  dorsales.) 

lstD(yrsal  Pair S  Anteri,rr  Branch.    To  the  bra- 

t     chial  plexus. 
2d    and    3d    Dorsal  <  Anterior  Branches.    An   inter- 
Pairs \     costal  and  brachial  branch. 

f  Anterior  Branches.  Internal 
branches,  to  the  intercostals. 
triangularis  sterni.  pecto- 
ralis  major,  and  to  the  skin. 
External     branches    to    the 


vical  Pairs.. 


Brachial  Plexus.. 


ah.  5th,  Wi,  and  1th 
Dorsal  Pairs 


ith,  5th,  6th,  and  Tth 
Dorsal  I'airs 


fintegu 
ohliqu 
,      nis,  ai: 


mh,    9th,    loth,    and 
11^/t  Dorsal  Pairs... 


12th  Dorsal  Pair.. 


Lumbar  Plexus ■ 


umcnts  of  the  chest,  the 
[uus    externus    alRlonii- 
nd  the  skin  of  the  ub- 
l^     domeu. 

f  Anterior  Branches.  Internal 
branches,  to  the  transver- 
salis,  obliquus  internus,  and 
rectus  muscles,  and  to  llie 
skin  of  the  abdomen.  Ex- 
ternal branches,  to  the  in- 
teguments of  the  chest,  and 
to  the  muscles  and  skin  of 
the  abdomen. 
Anterior  Branch.  To  the  first 
lumbar  nerve,  and  to  the 
muscles  and  skin  of  the  ab- 
domen as  far  as  the  iliac 
(^     crest. 

The  Posterior  Branches  of  the  dorsal  nerves  are  dis- 
tributed to  the  muscles  and  integuments  of  the 
back  and  loins. 

3.  Lumbar  Nerves. 

\st,  2d,  3d.  and  mj'^l'fZ'^.^^fVrf^.  ?"?'" 
Lumbar  Pairs |     ^^^"^^J^    ^°™    ^^^   ^"""^"'^ 

6th  Pair S^njerior  BrancJi.     AkUng  in 

(      forming  the  sciatic  plexus. 

The  Posterior  Branches  of  the  lumbar  nerves  arc  dis- 
tributed to  the  loins,  sacrum,  and  nates. 

1.  Musciilo-cnlaneous  Branches, 
to  the  number  of  three.  One 
superior,  to  the  muscles  of 
the  abdomen,  to  the  fold  of 
the  groin,  and  the  scrotum: 
a  middle,  to  the  integuments 
and  muscles  of  the  aljdomen  : 
and  an  inferior,  to  the  skin 
of  the  thigh.  2.  A  genito- 
crural  branch  to  the  integu- 
ments of  the  scroium,  the 
groin,  and  the  thigh.  3.  The 
crural  nerve,  to  the  integu- 
ments and  muscles  of  the 
thigh,  skin  of  the  leg,  and 
foot.  4.'The  obturator  n(!rve, 
to  the  niu.scles  at  the  inner 
part  of  the  thigh.  5.  The 
lumbosacral,  to  the  sciatic 
plexus.  It  gives  ofl  thi-  glu- 
teal nerve  to  the  glutsci 
muscles. 

4.  Sacral  Nerves. 

1  t    nj    nj         J    an  f  Anterior  Branches.    They  form 
Isf    2d,  Sd,  and  4th  ]     ,      ^  j^       j^^   ^^    '^^^^^■^ 

Sacral  Pairs |     pf^^„, 

(Anterior    Branches.      To    the 

5th  and  Uh  Pairs <      parts  in  the  vicinity  of  the 

(     coccyx. 
The  Posterior  Branches   ramify  on  the  muscles  and 
integuments  of  the  nates. 

'  1.  Hemorrhoidal  nerves,  to  the 
rectum.  2.  Vesical,  to  the 
bladder.  3.  Uterine  and  va- 
ginal, to  the  vagina  and 
uterus.  4.  Inferior  gluteul, 
to  the  gluteal  muscles,  peri- 
naeum,  and  integuments  of 
the  posterior  part  of  the 
thigh.  5.  Pidic.  to  the  p<- 
rina'um.  penis,  or  vu!va.  6. 
Sciatic,  divided  into  the  ex- 
Sciatic  Plexus ■{  tern/d  jmplitiral.  which  rami- 
fies on  the  integuments  and 
muscles  of  the  externul  side 
of  the  leg.  on  the  (hjr^uni  of 
the  foot,  and  the  dorsal  sur- 
face of  the  toes:  and  into 
the  internal  ■poplitenl,  distri- 
buted on  the  dorsal  surface 
of  the  two  last  toes,  to  the 
muscles  of  the  font,  nnd  on 
the  plantar  sui  r.ii.'  of  all 
the  toes. 


NERVES 


G29 


NERVES 


Classifications  of  the  nerves  have  been  recom- 
mcndeU  accordin;^  to  their  uses,  in  preference  to 
the  unliniify  anatomical  arrangement.  It  has 
been  remarked  that  the  encephalic  nerves  have 
generally  one  root;  the  sjiinal  two.  E.\|)eri- 
nieiits  and  pathological  facts  have  proved, 
that  the  anterior  column  of  the  marrow  and  the 
anterior  roots  of  tlie  spinal  nerves  are  inservient 
to  volition  or  voluntary  motion:  and  that  the 
po.sterior  column  and  roots  are  destined  for 
sensibility.  Hence  the  spinal  nerves,  which  have 
two  roots,  must  be  the  conductors  both  of  motion 
and  feeling;  whilst  the  encephalic,  which,  with 
but  few  exceptions,  have  but  one,  can  possess  but 
one  of  these  properties  : — they  must  be  either  sen- 
sitive or  motor,  according  as  they  arise  from  the 
posterior  or  anterior  column  of  the  medulla: 
iinil,  c(mse(iuently,  three  classes  of  nerves  may  be 
distinguished. 

f  Arising,    by   a    single    root, 

,     c  from  the  posterior  column 

1.  cieiisory <         r  .1  in        11 

•'  I      ot   the   medulla  oblongata 

or  spinal  marrow. 

■  Arising,    by   a   single    root, 

2.  Motor J.      from   the  anterior  column 

(      of  the  same  parts. 

,    p  J    f  Which  have  two  roots:  one 

3.  Aenonry      ana  ,■  ,,  .     .  , 

,,  ,  ■'  <       irom  the  anterior,  and  one 

Motor ]       r         ..  ,.     ■  , 

(^     irom  the  posterior  column. 

According  to  Sir  Charles  Bell,  the  medulla  ob- 
longata is  composed  of  three  columns  on  each 
f iile ;  an  anterior,  a  tiiiddle,  and  a  jxmterior. 
Whilst  the  anterior  and  posterior  columns  pro- 
duce the  nerves  of  motion  and  sensation  respec- 
tively, the  middle,  according  to  Sir  Charles, 
gives  rise  to  a  third  set  of  nerves  —  the  respira- 
tory.   To  this  order  belong : — 

1.  The  accessory  nerve   of  Willis,    or   superior 

respirntori/. 

2.  The  par  vagum. 

3.  The  glosso-pharyngeal. 

4.  The  fiicial  or  respiratory  of  the  face. 

5.  The  phrenic. 

6.  A  nerve  which   has   the   same   origin   as  the 

phrenic ; — the  external  respiratory. 

When  a  horse  has  been  hard-ridden,  every  one 
of  these  nerves  is  in  action. 

This  division  is  now,  however,  generally  aban- 
doned, and  there  does  not  seem  to  be  a  third 
column,  especially  destined  for  respiration. 

Sir  C.  Bell,  again,  reduced  the  system  of 
nerves  to  two  gfeat  classes.  1.  Those  that  are 
reijnlnr,  primitive,  symmetrical,  and  common  to 
all  animals,  from  the  worm  to  man  ;  which  have 
double  roots,  and  preside  over  sensibility  and 
motion :  and,  2.  The  irregular  or  superadded, 
which  are  added  to  the  preceding,  in  proportion 
Bs  the  organization  of  animals  offers  new  or  more 
complicated  organs.     To  the  first  class  belong  all 


the  spinal  nerves  and  at  least  one  encephalic  — 
the  5th  pair;  —  to  the  second,  the  rest  of  the 
nervous  system. 

Dr.  Marshall  Ilall  has  proposed  a  division  of 
the  nervous  system,  which  is  calculated  to  ex- 
plain many  of  the  anomalous  circumstances  so 
frequently  witnessed.  He  proposes  to  divide  all 
the  nerves  into,  1.  The  cerebral  or  the  sentient 
and  voluntary.  2.  The  fr»e  «jdi'h«/ or  excito-mo- 
torj'.  3.  The  ganylionic  or  cyrlo-yintylionic, — 
the  nutrient  and  secretory.  If  the  sentient  and' 
voluntary  functions  be  destroyed  by  a  blow  upon 
the  head,  the  sphincter  muscles  will  still  contract 
when  irritated,  because  the  irritation  is  conveyed 
to  the  spine,  and  the  reflex  action  takes  place  to 
the  muscle  so  as  to  throw  it  into  contraction.  Bot 
if  the  s-pinal  marrow  be  now  destroyed,  the 
sphincters  remain  entirely  motionless,  because 
the  centre  of  the  system  is  destroyed.  Dr.  Hall 
thinks  that  a  peculiar  set  of  nerves  constitutes,with 
the  vesicular  centre  of  the  marrow  as  their  axis, 
the  second  sub(livision  of  the  nervous  system  ;  and 
as  those  of  the  first  subdivision  are  distinguished 
into  sentient  and  voluntary,  these  may  be  distin- 
guished into  the  excitor  and  motory.  The  first, 
or  the  excitur  nerves,  pursue  their  course  princi- 
pally from  internal  surfaces,  characterized  by  pe- 
culiar excitabilities,  to  the  centre  of  the  medulla 
oblongata  and  m.  spinalis:  the  second, or  the  motor 
nerves,  pursue  a  reflex  course  from  the  medulla 
to  the  muscles,  having  peculiar  actions  concerned 
principally  in  ingestion  and  egcstion.  The  mo- 
tions connected  with  the  first  or  cerebral  subdi- 
vision are  sometimes,  indeed  frequentlj',  sponta- 
neous;  those  connected  with  the  true  si)inal  are, 
he  believes,  always  excited.  Dr.  Hall  thinks,  too, 
that  there  is  good  reason  for  viewing  the  fifth, 
and  posterior  spinal  nerves  as  constituting  an 
external  ganglionic  system  for  the  nutrition  of 
the  external  organs;  and  he  proposes  to  divide 
the  gan(jlio)iic  subdivision  of  the  nervous  system 
into,  1.  The  internal  ganglionic,  which  includes 
that  usually  denominated  the  sympathetic,  and 
probably  filaments  of  the  pneumogastric ;  and, 
2.  The  external  ganglionic,  embracing  the  fifth 
and  posterior  spinal  nerves.  To  the  cerebral  sys- 
tem he  assigns  all  disea^^es  of  sensation,  percep- 
tion, judgment,  and  volition  —  therefore  all  pain- 
ful, mental,  and  comatose,  and  some  paralytic 
diseases.  To  the  true  spinal,  excito-motory, 
rejlex,  or  diastaltic  nervous  system,  belong  all 
spasmodic  and  certain  paralj'tic  diseases.  He 
properly  adds,  that  these  two  parts  of  the  ner- 
vous system  influence  each  other  both  in  health 
and  disease,  as  they  both  influence  the  ganglio- 
nic system. 

The  main  views  of  Dr.  Hall  on  the  excito-mo- 
tory function  have  been  generally  emlnaced. 

The  following  tabular  view  of  the  arrangement 
and  connexions  of  the  nerves  and  nervous  centres 
has  been  given  by  Dr.  Carpenter.  It  affords  a 
good  general  view,  although  some  of  the  detaila 
might  admit  of  modification. 


NERVES 


630 


KERVES 


Tabular  VlE^Y  op  the  Nervous  Centres. 

f  CuREBRAi,  Ganglia, 

Afferent  fibres  derived  |  the  seat  of  the  formation  of  lileiis,  and  the  instrument  AlTiTcnt  fihres  derived 
from  Sensory  Gandia;  ef-  )  of  the  Keasoning  processes  and  Will;  partioipntinu'  also  i  from  Sensory  Canjrlia;  .jf. 
ferent  fibres  transmitted!  with  the  Sensory  Ganglia  in  the  formation  of  the  Kmo-  f  fcrent  fibres  transmitted 
to  motor  centres.  tions;  and  thus  the  original  source  of  Volu7dar!/ ».ud  I  to  motor  centret;. 

(_  Emotional  movements.  J 


AfTeren 
!  from  S( 


Afferent  fibres  derived  "> 
from  postcn-ior  column  of  j 
ppiii;il  cord;  (afferent fibres   J.  for  harmonization  of  muscular  action 

transmitted  into  posterior  ^""^  "'""'  »-    _<-.i,„ 

column.  J 


Cerebeixic  Ganoiia, 


the  ganglionic  centre  of  the  sexual  sense  (.?). 


f  Afferent  fibres  dorivod 
I  from  posterior  cohiniii  of 
s;  including  also  ■^  spinal  cord;  efferent  fJbrcN 
1  transmitted  into  motor 
[  column. 


Cranio-Spinal  Axis, 
or  centre  of 
Automatic  actions; 
including — 

Sensory  Gangua, 


Radiating  fibres  to  Cere-  "l 
bral  Gauiilia :— Nerves  of 

Common  and  Special  Sen-  !   i „.    ,         ,.         .  ,   . 

sation ;  —  Motor     nerves  f  stinctive)  movements,  or  of  Automatic  actions  involving 

forming  part  of  general  1  sensation. 

motor  system.  J 


the  seat  of  Sensation,  and  centre  of  Cnn^cvmtal  (or  In-  J  Common  and  Sjiecial  Sen 

1  *■" 

I.  motor  system. 


f  r.adiating  fibres  to  Corp- 
1  bral  Ganglia; — Nerves  of 


ation  ;  —  Motor     nerve? 
forming   ])art  of  general 


Afferent 

and  motor 

nerves  of 

Respiration, 

Deglutition,  &c. 


Afferent 
and  motor 

fibres,  forming 
Trunks  of 

Bpinal  Nerves. 


m 

5-9b 


RESPrRATORT 

and 
Stomato-Gastrio 

Ganglia, 
forming  the  true 

centres  of  the 

Medulla  Oblongata  ; 

instruments  of  Jiijlcx 

movements  or  automap 

tic  actions  independent  of 

sensation. 


..  -    .-1  Qj 


P   p-g  3 


Spinal 

Ganglion,  or 

Trve  Spinal  Cord, 

consisting  of  a 
coalesced  series  of 
segmental  ganglia, 
the  instru- 
ments of  h'ejlpji 
operations,  or  Au- 
tomatic actions  in- 
dependent of  Sensar 
tion. 


P  §  s  ■' 


C  -S  J  5    fcD 

h  S  o  O  « 
=  S 


E.I 


Afferent 

and  motor 

nerves  of 

Respiration, 

Deglutition,  An 


Afferent 
and  motor 

fibres,  forming 
Trunks  of 

Spinal  Nervea. 


The  nerves  are  sheathed,  and  are  united  to  the 
neighbouring  parts,  by  an  abundant  layer  of  fatty 
areolar  texture,  which  sends,  invpards,  prolonga- 
tions that  separate  the  nervous  cords  and  fila- 
ments from  each  other.  The  arterial  trunks, 
distributed  to  them,  transmit  branches  into  their 
interior.  The  veins  follow  the  same  course  as 
the  arteries.  Absorbents  are  not  easily  traced 
even  on  the  greatest  trunks. 

Nerve,  Accessory,  op  Willis,  Spinal  nerve 
—  n.  Articular,  Axillary  nerve  —  n.  Buccinator, 
Buccal  nerve. 

Nerve  Cells,  see  Neurine  —  n.  of  Cotunnius, 
Nasopalatine  nerve. 

Nerve,  Femoral  Cutaneous,  see  Genito-cru- 
rai  nerve  —  n.  Femoro-popliteal,  lesser.  Sciatic 
nerve,  lesser. 

Nerve  Fibres,  Filn  ner'vea.  Fibres  ner'vece. 
In  the  nerves  of  the  higher  animals,  two  forms  of 
nerve  fibre  exist — the  tubular,  and  the  gelatinous. 
In  the  minute  fibrils  or  tubules,  Tu'bnli  ner'vex, 
full  of  nervous  matter,  which  constitute  the  former, 
there  is  a  difference  between  the  central  and  pe- 
ripheral portion  : — the  former  has  been  called  the 
axis  ejillitder  and  primitive  baud;  the  latter,  the 
wedullarj/  or  white  sitlntauce  of  Schxoanu, — being 
that  to  which  the  peculiarly  white  aspect  of  ce- 
rebrospinal nerves  is  principally  due.  In  the 
gelatinous  fibre,  no  tubular  envelope  can  be  dis- 
tinguished, and  the  white  substance  of  Schwann 
eeeins  to  be  wanting.  It  contains  numerous  cell- 
nuclei.     See  Neurine. 


Nerve,  Genital,  see  Gcnito-crural  nerve  —  n. 
Genito-crural,  sec  Genito-crural  nerve  —  n.  Glu- 
teal of  the  Sacral  plexus.  Sciatic  nerve,  lesser — 
n.  Gustatory,  Hypoglossal  nerve  —  n.  Inguinal, 
internal,  Genito-crural  nerve  —  n.  of  Jacobson, 
see  Petrosal  ganglion — n.  Lateral  nasal.  Spheno- 
palatine nerve— n.  Lingual,  Hypoglossal  nerve — 
n.  Naso-oeularis,  Nasal  nerve  —  n.  Naso-palpc- 
bral,  Nasal  nerve — n.  Orbito-frontal,  Ophthalmic 
nerve  —  n.  Ocular,  Optic  nerve  —  n.  of  Organic 
life,  Trisplanchnic  nerve  —  n.  Paliiebro-frontnl, 
Frontal  nerve  —  n.  Popliteal  internal.  Tibial 
nerve,  posterior. 

Nerve  Power,  Nervous  power. 

Nerve,  Respiratory,  of  the  Face,  Facial 
nerve — n.  Respiratory,  superior.  Spinal  nerve — n. 
Scapulo-humeral,  Axillary  nerve — n.  Scrotal,  .see 
Genito-crural  nerve — n.  Spiral,  Radial  nerve — n. 
Spiral,  muscular.  Radial  nerve — n.  Sub-occipital, 
Occipital  nerve  —  n.  Sub-pubian,  Genito-crural 
nerve— n.  Superficial  temporal,  Auricular  nerve — 
n.  Sympathetic,  Trisplanchnic  nerve — n. Temporal 
cutaneous,  Auricular  nerve  —  n.  Ulnar,  Cubital 
nerve — n.  Vidian,  Pterygoid  nerve — n.  of  Wris- 
berg,  see  Cutaneous  nerves  —  n.  Zygomato-auri- 
cular.  Auricular  nerve. 

NERVES,  COSTAL,  Intercostal  nerves  — n. 
Dorsal,  Intercostal  nerves  —  n.  Eighth  pair  of, 
Pneumogastric  —  n.  Encephalic,  first  pair.  Olfac- 
tory nerves — n.  Encephalic,  eleventh  pair.  Spinal 
nerves — n.  Ethmoidal,  Olfactory  nerves — n.  Fifth 
pair,  Trigemini— n.  Fourth  pair  of,  Patheticus  ner- 


NERVEUX 


631 


NEURALGIA 


vus — n.Tnfrn-orhitar.Sub-orbi tar  nerves — n. Ninth 
piiir  i>l",  llyposlossul  nerve  —  n.  Oculo-iuuseiilar, 
coiiiMi(»n,  Motores  oculorum  —  n.  Plireiiie,  Uia- 
plir.'igmiitic  nerves — n.  Recurrent,  Liiryngeiil  infe- 
rior nerves — n.  Sixth  i)air  of,  Motor  <)culi  externus 
—  n.  Spinal,  Verteliral  nerves  —  n.  Tenth  pair  of, 
Pn('tiino;;a8tric--n.'J'liiril  pairof,Motoresoculoruin. 

KF.nVEVX.  Nervoui^. 

NERVI  ACIIOMIALES,  Acromial  nerves  — 
n.  Anonynii,  Innominati  nervi — n.  Claviculares, 
Clavicuhir  nerves — n.  Cutanei  eluniutn  inferiores, 
gee  Seiatic  nerve,  lesser  —  n.  Divisi,  Trii;euiini  — 
n.  Entulia'nontes,  Afierent  nerves — n.  Uustalorii, 
Trifremini. 

Nkuvi  Molles.  'Soft  nerves.'  The  anterior 
branches  of  tlie  superior  cervical  ganglion  of  the 
great  sympathetic,  which  acconii)aiiy  the  carotid 
artery  and  its  branches,  around  which  they  form 
intricate  j)lexuses,  and,  here  and  there,  small 
ganglia.  They  are  called  inoUex  from  their  soft- 
ness, and  Hiibni'Ji,  from  their  reddish  hue. 

Nkuvi  Odohatouii,  Olfactory  nerves  —  n.  Re- 
versivi,  Laryngeal  inferior  nerves -r-n.  Subrufi, 
NiMvi  molles — n.  Vulneratio,  Neurotrosis. 

NEKVIMO'TION,  Xarvimo'Ho,  from  nerviis, 
'nerve,'  and  niotia,  'motion.'  A  name  given,  by 
M.  Dutrochet,  to  the  movement  which  is  caused 
in  the  organs  of  the  senses  by  external  agents, 
aiul  transmitted  to  the  muscles  by  the  nerves. 

NERVIMO'TOR,  (F.)  Kei-rimotenr.  An  epi- 
tliot  given,  by  M.  Dutrochet,  to  external  agents, 
vvliicli  are  capable  of  causing  nervimotion. 

NERVINE,  Nervi'iiiiH,  Neurot'iv,  Neurit'ic, 
Anlineurolic,  Antiiiewopctth' ic,  (F.)  Nduotiqne, 
from  iiervKs,  'a  nerve.'  A  medicine  which  acts 
on  the  nervous  system. 

NERVOUS,  A'<,cco'«i(«,  Neuro'den,  Aer'veus, 
Ni:ii'riciis,  (F.)  A^eireiix.  Same  etymon.  Re- 
lating or  belonging  to  the  nerves.  Strong.  Also, 
weak,  irritable. 

Nkitvous  Attack,  (F.)  Altaque  des  nerfu,  is  an 
affection  accompanied  with  spasm,  pain,  and  dif- 
ferent nervous  symptoms,  to  which  impressible 
individuals  are  liable. 

Nkuvous  Ckn'tuks,  see  Centres,  nervous. 

Nervoi's  Diath'esis  is  termed  At(ix'i<x  spiri- 
tnnm,  Anoma'lia  iiervo'riDii,  Slatim  iiervo'sui  seu 
erelhit'iciia,  Diath'esis  seu  Coiistitii'tio  nervo'sa, 
Ner' voHsiieas.  Medically,  ueivdusiiess  means  unu- 
sual impressibility  of  the  nervous  system.  For- 
merly, it  signified  strength,  force,  and  vigour. 
Recently,  it  has  been  applied  to  a  hypochondri- 
acal condition  verging  upon  insanity,  occasion- 
ally occurring  in  those  in  whom  the  brain  has 
been  unduly  tasked;  —  a  condition  termed  by 
some  cercltiap'atlii/ ;  by  others,  birilii-/ii(/. 

Nkrvous  Diseases,  3/orbi  nerv<>'«i,  (F.)  Ma- 
ladica  nerveuaes.  Affections  seated  in  the  ner- 
vous system.  To  purely  functional  disease  of 
the  nerves.  Dr.  Laycoek  has  given  the  name 
nnutE'mia,  and  to  the  class  of  diseases  he  applies 
the  e|)ithet  neura'mir. 

Nehvoi's  Fluid,  Nervous  principle,  Flu'ichtm 
seu  Jjiq'iiiilmn  iier'veiim,  Siicciis  iiervei(»,  Spir'itits 
rit(t'/in.  The  fluid  which  is  sujjposed  to  circulate 
through  the  nerves,  and  which  has  been  regarded 
as  the  agent  of  sensation  and  motion.  Of  this 
fluid  we  know  nothing,  except  that  it  resembles, 
in  many  respects,  the  electric  or  galvanic.  It 
was  formerly  called  Animal  npirits,  Spir'itus  nui- 
Via'lrH,  (F.)  Eiprila  animanjc. 

Neiivois  Pain,  Neuralgia. 

Nkiivoiis  Powkr,  Nirre  power.  Vis  nerro'sa 
seu  nerro'rnni,  Ninrodipui'mia,  Xinnidn'nnmis. 
The  power  of  the  nerves  as  exhibited  in  the  liv- 
ing orgimism. 

Nervous  Principle.  Nervous  fluid. 
Nervous   System.     The  nerves  and  nervous 
centres  considered  collectively.     See  Nerves. 


NenvotTS  System  of  the  Automatic  Func- 
tions, Trisplanchnic  nerve  —  n.  System,  gangli- 
onic, see  Trisplanchnic  nerve  —  n.  System,  or- 
ganic, see  Trisplanchnic  nerve — n.  System  of  the 
senses,  Medulla  oblongata  —  n.  System  of  volun- 
tary motion,  &c..  Medulla  spinalis. 

NERVOUSNESS,  Nervous  diathesis. 

NERYUS,  see  Nerve,  Penis  —  n.  Acusticus, 
Auditory  nerve — n.  Ambulatorius,  Pneumogastric 
nerve — n.  Anonynius,  Trigemini — n.  Auditor'us, 
Auditory  nerve — n.  Caroticus,  Carotid  nerve — r,. 
Cervico-facialis,  Cervico-facial  nerve  —  n.  Com- 
municans  faciei.  Facial  nerve — n.  Cutaneus  inter- 
nus,  see  Saphenous  nerves — n.  Cutaneus  internus 
longus,  see  Saphenous  nerves — n.  Decinius,  Piieu- 
mogastric^ — n.  Ganglionicus,  Trisplanchnic  nerve 
— n.  Genito-cruralis,  Genito-crural  nerve — n.  Ily- 
poglossus,  Hypoglossus. 

Neuvus  Impar.  a  prolongation  of  the  neuri- 
lemma below  the  lower  extremity  of  the  spinal 
cord,  as  a  fibrous  filament,  which  is  inserted  into 
the  base  of  the  coccyx.  It  was  formerly  regarded 
as  a  nerve  : — hence  its  name. 

Nervus  Incisivus,  Incisive  nerve  —  n.  Inno- 
minatus,  Trigemini— n.  Ischiadicus,  Sciatic  nerve 
— n.  Juvenilis,  Penis — n.  Latus,  Achiilis  tendo — 
n.  Lingualis  lateralis,  Pharyngo-glossal  nerve  — 
n.  Lingualis  Pedius,  Hypoglossal  nerve  —  n.  Lo- 
quens,  Hypoglossus  —  n.  Lunibo-inguinalis,  Ge- 
nito-crural nerve  —  n.  Mixtus,  Trigemini  —  n. 
Musculi  pterygoidei.  Pterygoid  nerve  — n.  Naso- 
ciliaris.  Nasal  nerve  —  n.  Ojjticus,  Optic  nerve  — 
n.  Pneumogastricus,  Pneumogastric  —  n.  Pudcn- 
dus  externus,  see  Genito-crural  nerve  —  n.  Quin- 
tus,  Trigemini — n.  Spermaticus,  see  Genito-crural 
nerve — n.  Subcutaneus  malae,  Orbitar  nerve — n. 
Sympatheticus  medius,  Trigemini,  Pneumogastric 
nerve  —  n.  Sympatheticus  magnus,  Trisplanchnic 
nerve  —  n.  Sympatheticus  minor,  Facial  nerve — 
n.  Sympathicus,  Trisplanchnic  nerve — n.  Sympa- 
thicus  medius,  Trigemini  —  n.  Temporo-facialis, 
Temporo-facial  nerve  —  n.  Timidus,  Motor  oculi 
externus  —  n.  Tremcllus,  Trigemini  — n.  Tris- 
yilanchnicus,  Trisplanchnic  nerve — n.  Trochlcaris, 
Patheticus  nervus  —  n.  Vagus,  Pneumogastric 
nerve  —  n.  Vagus  cum  accessorio.  Spinal  nerve 
— n.  Vaso-motorius,  Trisplanchnic  nerve. 

NES,  Nasus. 

NESPITE,  Melissa  calamintha. 

NESTIA,  Jejunum. 

NESTIATRIA,  Limotherapeia. 

NESTIS,  Jejunum. 

NESTITIIERAPEIA,  Limotherapeia. 

NESTOTIIERAPEIA,  Limotherapeia. 

NESTROOT,  Monotropa  uniflora. 

NETLEAF,  Goodyera  pubescens. 

NETTING,  Urine. 

NETTLE,  ARCHANGEL,  WHITE,  Lamium 
album- — n.  Day,  Lamium  album  —  n.  Dead,  La- 
mium album,  L.  amplexicaule — n.  Dwarf,  Urtiea 
urcns — n.  Hedge,  Galeopsis — n.  Horse,  Solanuin 
Carolinense — n.  Pill-bearing,  Urticaria  pilulifera. 

Nettle  Rash,  Urticaria — n.  Springe,  Urticaria. 

Nettle,  Stinging,  Common,  Urtiea. 

Nettle  Tree,  Celtis  oceidentalis. 

NETWORT,  Goodyera  pubescens. 

NEUR ADYNAMIA,  Neurasthenia. 

NEURyEMIA,  see  Nervous  diseases.     ' 

NEURiEMIC,  see  Nervous  diseases. 

NEURAL;  from  vivpov,  'a  nerve.'  Relating 
to  a  nerve  or  to  the  nervous  system. 

Neural  Arch.  The  arch  formed  by  the  pos- 
terior projections  connected  with  the  body  of  the 
vertebra,  which  protect  the  medulla. 

Neural  Axis,  see  Encephalon  —  n.  Spines, 
Spinous  processes. 

NEURAL'GIA,  from  vtwpov,  'a  nerve,'  and 
aXyoi,  '  pain.'  Jtheiimatis'mus  spn'rius  nervo'i^iis, 
Neurodi/n'ia,   (F.)   Nevral(jie,   Nevrodijnie,   Ner- 


NEURALGIA 


632 


NEURILEMMITIS 


voHS  pa{».  A  generic  nnine  fur  a  certain  number 
of  diseases,  the  chief  symptom  of  wiiicii  is  a  very 
acute  pain,  exacerbaiing  or  intermitting,  which 
follows  the  course  of  a  nervous  branch,  extends 
to  its  ramitications,  and  seems,  therefore,  to  be 
seated  in  the  nerve.  The  principal  neuralgia; 
have  been  distinguished  by  the  mxmes /(icinl  (of 
which  the  infra-oihilnr,  inaxilUuy,  and  frontal 
lire  but  divisions) — the  iUo-scrotal,  fexioro-pojdi- 
teal,  fenioro-pretibial,  plantar,  and  cuhito-dtijital. 
A  division  of  anomalous  neuralgiae  has  likewise 
been  ailmitted. 

All  varieties  of  neuralgia  are  obstinate,  and  the 
greatest  diversity  of  means  has  been  made  use 
of: — bleeding,  general  and  local,  —  emetics,  pur- 
gatives, rubefacients,  vesicants,  actual  cautery, 
narcotics,  mercurial  frictions,  electricity ;  de- 
struction of  a  portion  of  the  nerve,  Ac.  The 
most  successful  remedy,  perhaps,  is  the  carbo- 
nate of  iron,  given  in  doses  of  some  magnitude; 
as,  for  instance,  '^s^s  or  Qij,  twice  or  thrice  a  day, 
in  molasses.  This  plan  of  treatment,  continued 
for  a  month  or  two,  will  often  relieve,  and 
ultimately  remove  this  much  dreaded  affection. 
The  mode  in  which  it  acts  is  by  no  means  clear; 
but  it  is  almost  as  certain  as  any  other  remedy 
nsed  in  disease  in  producing  its  salutary  effects. 
The  bowels  must  be  kept  free;  and  all  inflam- 
matory symptoms  removed  during  its  adminis- 
tration. 

Nicurai/gia,  ANOM'ALOtiR.  Under  this  name 
Chaussier  has  included  different  neuroses,  some 
of  which  are  characterized  by  acute  pains  circum- 
scribed within  a  short  compass,  or  extending  by 
irradiations,  but  not  having  their  scat  in  the 
course  of  a  nerve;  and  others  which  are  occa- 
sioned by  tumours  in  the  course  of  a  nerve,  or 
which  succeed  contusions  or  incomplete  divisions 
of  nerves. 

Nkuualgia  Braciiialis,  Brachialgia — n.  Bra- 
chio-thoracica.  Angina  pectoris  —  n.  Cerebralis, 
llemicrania — n.  Coeliaca,  Neuralgia  of  the  solar 
jilexus  (Romberg)  —  n.  Cruralis,  N.  femoro-ti- 
bialis. 

Nkuualgta  Cu'bito-Digjtalis,  Is'cJn'as  ner- 
ro'so  digita'lls.  In  this  variety  the  pain  extends 
from  the  part  where  the  nerve  passes  under  the 
inner  condyle  to  the  back  of  the  hand  and  to  its 
cubital  edge. 

Neuralgia  Dkntalis,  Odontalgia  nervosa. 
Neuralgia,  Fa'cial,  Neurahjia  fa'eiei,  Tn's- 
wni  mcxil/a'ris  scu  Dulorif  iciis  seu  Clon'icns, 
Opsial't/ia,  Dolor  cru'ci<(ns  fuciei  seu  faciei  pe- 
riod'iciii,  Hemicra'nia  idinpnth'ica,  Antal'yia 
dol'iro'sn,  Tic  donloiireux,  Dolor  faciei  f^eil  faciei 
tt/p'ico  charade' re  seu  faciei  FothenjiWi,  Rhen- 
maiis'niHs  cnricro'mis,  Jiheniatin'mns  larva'tnf,  Pro- 
uripnl'yia,  Pronopodyn' ia,  Fehrln  top'ica,  Ophthal- 
mudi/n'ia  2}eriod'ica,  Tortu'ra  Oris,  Affectns  upas- 
wodico-convulsi'x-us  Lahio'rxim,  Face  ague,  is  cha- 
racterized by  acute  lancinating  pains,  returning 
!it  intervals;  and  by  twinges  in  certain  parts  of 
the  face,  producing  convulsive  twitches  in  the 
corresponding  muscles.  It  may  be  seated  in  the 
frontal  nerve,  in  the  infra-orbitar,  or  in  the  max- 
illary branch  of  the  fifth  pair. 

ili'topodyn'ia,  Brow-acjne,  Neurnl'gla  fronta'- 
li",  Ophthalmodyn' ia,  Tic  dotdoiireiix.  Dolor  pe- 
rlod'icns,  &c.,  commences  at  the  superciliary  fora- 
men and  extends  along  the  ramifications  of  the 
frontal  nerve  that  are  distributed  on  the  forehead, 
upper  eyelid,  caruucula  lacrymalis,  and  nasal 
angle  of  the  eyelids.  Sometimes  it  is  felt  parti- 
cularly in  the  orbit. 

Neiunlgia  iiifra-orbita'rin,  Dolor  faciei  atrox, 
Jiheumalis'niiis  cancro'sns,  Trismus  clon'icns,  Pro- 
gopal'gia,  Fehris  top'ica.  Odontalgia,  remit'tens 
et  intermit' tens,  Hemicra'nia  stpva,  Infra-orbitar 
neuralgia,  Tic  douloureux,  is  chiefly  felt  in  the 


infra-orbitar  foramen,  whence  it  passes  to  the 
cheek,  upper  lip,  ala  nasi,  lower  eyelid,  Ac. 

In  Neuralgia  inaxilla'ris,  (in<it)itil'gia,  Gnatho- 
ncural'gia.  Tic  douloureux,  Trimnus  catarihu'lii 
niaxi/laris,  the  pain  usually  sets  out  from  the 
mental  foramen  and  passes  to  the  chin,  lips,  tem- 
ple, teeth,  and  tongue. 

Neuralgia,  False.  A  term  assigned  to  pnins 
along  a  nerve  or  its  ramifications,  produced  by 
some  body  compressing  it, — those  jiaiiis  termina- 
ting with  the  removal  of  the  coniprc.«siiig  cause. 

Nf;iIRALGIAFKI\l'OHO-l'orLIT^'A.  A. /»(■//)(((/'/(■«, 
Sciat'ica,  Schias,  JJalnm  ischiad'icnm.  Morbus 
inclilad'icus,  Passio  ischiad' ica,  Inch' iagro,  Is- 
cliiol'gin,  hchio'sis,  Ischionenral'gin,  Voxal'yia, 
Dolor  Ischiad'icus  nervo'sus,  Is'chius,  I.  nerro'sti 
Cotngnii  seu  Cotunnii,  I.  nervo'sa  posti'ca  scu 
rheuma'tica,  Neuriscli'ias,  Cox'ayra,  hchiat'iia, 
Jschoneural'yia,  (Prov.  Devonshire)  Jlone-sliare, 
(F.)  Sciatlqne,  Goutte  sciatiipie.  This  is  charac- 
terized by  pain  following  the  great  sciatic  nerve 
from  the  ischiatic  notch  to  the  ham,  and  alnng  the 
peroneal  surface  of  the  leg  to  the  sole  of  the  foot. 

NkUKALGIA  FKM'ORO-Pnj';TIBIA'LlS,  N.  crural, 
Ischios  ncrvo'sa  anti'ca,  Scelal'gia  anii'ca.  In 
this,  the  pain,  setting  out  from  the  groin,  spreads 
along  the  fore  part  of  the  thigh,  and  passes  down, 
chiefly  on  the  inner  side  of  the  leg,  to  the  inner 
ankle  and  back  of  the  foot. 

Nkuralgia  op  the  Heart,  Angina  pectoris  — 
n.  Hepatica,  Uepatalgia. 

Neuralgia  Ilio-Schotal  has  been  rarely  ob- 
served. It  is  characterized  by  a  very  acute  pain, 
in  the  course  of  the  branches  of  the  first  luiiilmr 
pair;  this  pain  follows  the  crista  ilii  and  accom- 
panies the  spermatic  vessels  to  the  testicle,  which 
is  often  painfully  retracted. 

Neuralgia,  Lead,  see  Lead  rheumatism — n. 
Lienis,  Splenalgia. 

Neural'gia  IMamMjE,  Tr'ritable  breast.  An  ex- 
ceedingly painful  afl'cction  of  the  female  mamma, 
unaccompanied  by  inflammation. 

Neuralgia  Planta'ris.  This  is  rare;  and 
the  pain  is  confined  to  the  course  of  the  plantar 
nerves. 

Neuralgia  Renum,  Nephralgia— n.  Spinalis, 
Spinal  irritation — n.  Testis,  Orchidalgia. 

N  E  U  11 A  N  A  G  E  N  N  E'MS,  Kcnru.iaph'ysis, 
vevfjov,  'a  nerve,'  and  avayevvuut,  '  lo  regenerate.' 
Regeneration  or  renewal  of  a  nerve. 
NEURANAPTIYSIS,  Neumnaircnnesis. 
NEURAPOPIIYSIS,  see  Vertebra;. 
NEURASTHENI'A,   Neuradyna'min,   Drhil'- 
itas  nervo'sa.     Debility  or  impaired   activity  of 
the  nerves;  from   vtvpnv,  '  a  nerve,'  and  aoBtrua, 
'debilitv.' — See  Irritable. 

NEURECTOM'IA,  from  vcvt,ov,  'a  nerve,'  and 
cKTo/iri-  'excision.'     Excision  of  a  nerve. 
NEURICUS,  Nervous. 

NEURILEM'MA,  Neurih'ma,  Neurily'mn, 
Neu'rymen,  Perineu'rion,  Fis'tula  si'U  Tu'buliis 
seu  Cap'eula  seu  Inrohi'crum  nervo' ruw ,  Mevi- 
bra'na  seu  3fenibran'ula  seu  Tn'nica  seu  Jvdii- 
men'tum  nerro'rum,  Vagi'na  uervo'rnm ;  (F.) 
Kevrillme,  Perinirre  ;  from  vcvpov,  '  a  nerve,'  and 
>cf(^a,  'a  coat.'  The  fine  transparent,  and  appa- 
rently fibrous  membrane  that  surrounds  the 
nerves — to  every  filament  of  which  it  forms  a  true 
canal. 

Robin  restricts  the  term  pfrinevre  to  the  struc- 
•ture  that  invests  the  primitive  bundles  of  nerves; 
and  every  nervous  filament.  It  difl"ers  from  the 
neurilemma,  in  its  onlinary  acceptation,  which 
forms  a  coat  of  some  thickness  in  the  larger 
nerves,  and  supports  the  nutrient  vessels,  whiitl 
the  perinerre  exhibits  no  capillaries. 
NEURILEMMATITIS,  Neurilemmitis. 
NEURILEMMI'TIP,  Ni-nrilimmati'tis,  Nen. 
rolemmuti'tis,  Neurili'tia,  (F.)  KevriUmite,  from 


NEURILITIS 


633 


N^VROTOME 


neiin'lemmn,    and     itin,    denoting    inflammation. 
.Same  etymon.     Inflammation  of  the  neurilemma. 

NBUiMLITIS,  Neurilemraitis. 

N  H i;  11 1  liY MA ,  Neurilemma. 

NlOiJllIXK.  Mvdid'la  uervo'rnm,  (F.)  Nevrine, 
Albmiiiiie  cerehrnle  ou  rfii  cervenn.  from  vevpov,  'a 
nerve.'  The  substance  of  wliich  the  nervous 
nystem  i.s  composed.  It  consists  chiefly  of  albu- 
men and  a  peculiar  fatty  matter,  associated  with 
iiho-'iphorus.  There  are  two  kinds  of  neurine  — 
ihe  one  venlcular  or  consisting  essentially  of 
neme  veuicUs  or  nerve  celU  or  corpuscles,  or,  as 
they  are  sometimes  called,  from  their  prevailing 
ill  the  ganglia — yaiiylloii  corpuscles  and  ijaixjlion 
ijliihitks  ;  the  other,  the  tubular,  formed  —  as  the 
word  imports  —  of  tubules.  The  former  is  the 
(ilneritions  or  cortical  nervous  matter  of  the  older 
aiiatorai.-its  ;  —  the  latter,  the  white  or  medullary. 
The  vesicular  neurine  has  appeared  to  be  re- 
stricted to  the  production  and  distribution  of 
nerve-power;  the  tubular,  to  its  conduction;  yet 
tlie  experiments  of  Dr.  Brown-Sequard  show, 
that  the  former  conveys  sensitive  impressions 
friiin  the  posterior  spinal  roots  to  the  brain. 

NKUIUSCIIIAS,  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitaea. 

NKURITIC,  Nervine. 

NEinil'TIS,  lujinmma'tio  nervo'riim,  Neiiro- 
uhldf/o'sis,  Neurophle<i'mone,  (F.)  Iiiflamination 
lilts  Nerfs,  Neorite,  from  vevpov,  'a  nerve,'  and 
ills,  a  suffi.K  denoting  inflammation.  Inflamma- 
tion of  II  nerve. 

NEUKOBLACI'A,  from  vevpov,  'a  nerve,'  and 
(iXuKfiri,  'stupor.'     Insensibility  of  the  nerves. 

NHUKOCIIONDRO'DES,  from  vtvpov,  'a  si- 
new,' ^(^ovipog,  '  a  cartilage,'  and  eiSos,  '  resem- 
blance.' A  hard  substance  between  a  sinew  and 
a  cartilage. 

NKURODES,  Nervous. 

NKIJRODYNAMIA,  Nervous  power. 

NKURODYNAMIS,  Nervous  power. 

NKURODYNIA,  Neuralgia. 

NHUROdAMIA,  Magnetism,  animal. 

NEUROCJ'RAPIIY,  Xeuroyraph'ia  ;  from  vev- 
pov,'a,  nerve,'  and  yp'^'Pi,  'a  description.'  The 
[iirt  of  anatomy  which  describes  the  nerves. 

NEUROIIYPNOL'OGY',  NcHrohypm,lo(i"ia, 
from  vtu/xii/,  'a  nerve,'  'uiri/o;,  'sleep,'  and  Xoyoi, 
'  II  treatise.'  A  name  given  by  Mr.  Braid  to  his 
theory  of  magnetic  sleep.  See  Magnetism,  ani- 
mal. 

NEURO-HYPNOTISM,  see  Magnetism,  ani- 
mal. 

NEUUOLEMMATITIS,  Neurilemmitis. 

NEUROL'OGY,  NeHroIoq"ia,  (F.)  Nevrologie, 
from  vtvpov,  'a  nerve,'  and  \oyoi,  'a  discourse.' 
The  part  of  anatomy  which  treats  of  the  nerves. 

NEURO'MA.  (F.)  Nerrome,  from  vtvpov,  'a 
nerve.'  A  morbid  enlargement  of  a  nerve.  Ap- 
plied to  subcutaneous,  circumscribed,  and  highly 
p^iinful  tumours  formed  on  the  tissue  of  the 
nerves;  and  likewise  to  a  small,  hard,  grayish  tu- 
mour, Neuroma'tloii,  Kervons  gaui/liou,  pciitiful 
tii'bercle,  of  the  size  of  a  pea,  which  is  observed 
ill  the  course  of  nerves,  and  appears  to  be  formed 
from  the  neurilemma. 

NEUROMALA'CIA;  from  vevpov,  'a  nerve,' 
anil  iiiihiKtii,  'softening.'     Softening  of  nerves. 

NET  ROM  AT  ION,  Neuroma. 

N E U R 0 .M  KT  E  R  ES,  Psofo. 

NEUROMYEM'TIS,  from  vevpov,  'a  nerve,' 
liKcXoi,  •  marrow,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflamma- 
lion.  Inflammation  of  the  medullary  matter  of 
the  nerves. 

N'EIUION,  .ciee  Nerve. 

XEURON'OSOS,  Neiironn'soa,  from  vevpov,  'a 
nerve,'  and  voaoi,  'a  disease.'  A  disease  of  the 
nerves.  _ 

NEUROXYG'ME,  Xeuront/g'mus,  Netiroiit/x'is, 


from  vevpov,  'a  nerve,'  and  vvyi)>],  'puncture;' 
Puuc'tio  nervi.     Puncture  of  a  nerve. 

NEUROPATII'IC,  Neuropath' icus,  from  vevpov, 
'a  nerve,'  and  Kados,  'a  disease.'  Belonging  to 
disease  of  the  nerves,  to  Neuropathi'a  or  iVeu- 
rou'ostis, 

NEUROPIILEGMONE.  Neuritis. 

NEUROPHLOGOSIS,  Neuritis. 

NEUROPLAS'TY,  Neuroplas'tice,  (F.)  Nev- 
roplaslie,  from  vevpov,  '  a  nerve,'  and  TrXaariKos, 
'  forming.'  M.  Sen-es  applies  this  term  to  a  gau- 
glionary  alteration  of  the  peripheral  nerves. 

NEUROPYRA,  Fever,  nervous.  Typhus  mitior. 

NEUROPYRETUS,  Fever,  nervous,  Typhus 
mitior. 

NEURO'SES,  (F.)  Nivroses,  from  vevpov,  'a. 
nerve.'  A  generic  name  for  diseases  supposed 
to  have  their  seat  in  the  nervous  system,  and 
which  are  indicated  by  disordered  sensation,  vo- 
lition, or  mental  manifestation  ;  without  any  evi- 
dent lesion  in  the  structure  of  the  parts,  and 
without  any  material  agent  producing  them. 
Such  is  the  usual  definition.  Broussais  attributes 
them  to  a  state  of  irritation  of  the  brain  and  spi- 
nal marrow. 

NEURO-SKELETON,  see  Skeleton. 

NEUROSPASxMI,  see  Spasm. 

NEUROSTHENI  A,  (F.)  Nevrosthenie,  from 
vevpov,  'a  nerve,'  and  aOiveta,  'strength.'  Excess 
of  nervous  irritation.     Nervous  irritation. 

NEUROTHELIC  APPARATUS,  Corpus  pa- 
pillare. 

NEUROTIC,  Nervine. 

NEUROT'ICA.  Diseases  of  the  nervous  func- 
tion.    The  4th  class  of  Good's  Nosology. 

NEUROTOME,  Nevrotome. 

NEUROT'OMY',  Neurotom'ia,  (F.)  Nevrotomie. 
Same  etymon.  Dissection  of  nerves.  Also,  an 
incised  wound  of  a  nerve. 

NEUROTRO'SIS,  Ncurotros'mus,  from  vevpov, 
'  a  nerve,'  and  rpwais,  '  wounding.'  Nervi  vulne- 
ra'tio.     Wound  or  wounding  of  a  nerve. 

NEUROTROSMUS,  Neurotrosis. 

NEURY'MEN,  Neurilemma. 

NEUTA,  Neutha.  A  membrane,  according  to 
Paracelsus,  which  covers  the  eyes  and  ears  of  the 
foetus  in  utero.' 

NEUTRAL,  from  neuter, '  neither.'  Belonging 
to  neither  in  particular. 

Neutual  S.\lts,  Scc'on<htrij  salts,  (F.)  Sels 
nentres.  Salts,  composed  of  two  primitive  saline 
substances,  combined  together,  and  not  possess- 
ing the  characters  of  acid  or  of  base. 

NEVIS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Thermal 
springs  in  the  department  of  Allier,  France. 
Temperature,  1.36°  to  148°  Fahrenheit. 

NEVRALOIE,  Neuralgia— n.  du  Foie,  Hepa- 
talgia — ;i.  des  Reins,  Nephralgia — n.  de  I'  Uterus, 
Ilysteralgia. 

NEVJifLEME,  Neurilemma. 

NE  VETLE.UITE,  Neurilemmitis. 

NEVRINE,  Neurine. 

NEVRITE,  Neuritis. 

NEVRODYNfE,  Neuralgia. 

NEVROLOGIE,  Neurology. 

NEVROME,  Neuroma. 

NEVROSE  DU  C(EUR,  Angina  pectoris. 

NEVROSES,  Neuroses. 

NE VROSTNENIE,  Neurosthenia. 

NEVROTUELE,  from  vevpov,  'nerve,'  and 
^ijXi),  'papilla.'  Concerning  the  papillae  of  the 
skin. 

Appareil  NevrothSle.  The  papillary  appa- 
ratus, or  arrangement  of  the  skin  in  the  aggregate. 
— Breschet. 

NE  VJlOTOJfE,  Neurotome, Neurot'onius J-  from 


NEVROTOMIE 


684 


NIPPLE 


vcvgov,  'a  nerve,'  and  tiixvu),  'Lout,'  'I  dissect.'  '^  ph'trimii'tii,  Pidpchni'tlo,    Tictidlinff  of  fhe  ryr, 
An   instrument  used  by  anatomists  to  dissect  the  \   (F.)   Cli'ijifotcment,   CiUciiieiit.     A  nipid   and   re- 
peated movement  of  the  eyelids,  wliieh  ojien  mid 
shut  alternately.     As  occasionally  perl'Driiied,  it 


nerves.     It  is  a  long  and  very  narrow  scalpel, 
Laving  two  edges. 

NEVROrOMIE,  Neurotomy. 
NEVUS,  Najvus. 

NEW  JERSEY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
In  the  upper  part  of  Morris  county  and  in  the 
county  of  Hunterdon,  near  the  top  of  JMusconet- 
cong  mountain,  there  are  chalybeate  springs, 
which  are  resorted  to.  See  Schooley'a  Mountain. 
NEW  YORK,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
The  chief  waters  are  those  of  Saratoga,  Ballston, 
Sharon,  and  Avon. 

NEXUS  STAMINEUS  OCULI,  Ciliary  body. 
NEZ,  Nasus. 

NGERENGERB.  A  singular  disease,  with 
the  New  Zealanders,  which  Dr.  Arthur  S.  Thom- 
son considers  to  be  a  variety  of  such  diseases  as 
the  Elephantiasis  Graecorum,  Lepra  of  the  Cos- 
sacks, &c.,  and  which  he  proposes  to  call  Lepra 
gatir/rffno'sn. 

NIANDRIA  ANOMALA,  Anisodus  luridus. 
NICARAGUA  WOOD,  see  CiEsalpinia. 
NIC'COLI  SALES,  Salts  of  Nickel,  (F.)  Seh 
tie  Nickel.  These  salts  are  gentle  tonics,  and 
have  been  given  with  advantage  in  periodic 
headache,  and  in  chlorosis  and  amenorrhoca.  The 
doso  of  the  sulphate  is  gr.  ss  or  gr.  j,  three  times 
a  day. 

NICCOLUM,  Nickel. 

NICE,  CLIMATE  OF.  The  climate  of  Nice 
possesses  some  advantages  over  the  neighbour- 
ing climates  of  Provence  and  Italy,  being  free 
from  the  sirocco  of  the  latter,  and  protected 
from  the  mistral  of  the  former.  Spring  is  the 
most  unfavourable  season.  The  climate  is  very 
dry.  It  has  been  a  great  winter  retreat  for  the 
consumptive;  but  does  not  deserve  the  enco- 
miums that  have  been  passed  upon  it. 

NICKAR  TREE,  Gymnocladus  Canadensis. 
NICKEL,  Niccohna,  from  (G.)  Nickel,  'a 
prostitute.'  A  term  of  detraction,  having  been 
applied  by  the  old  German  writers  to  what  was 
regarded  as  a  kind  of  false  copper  ore.  A  white 
malleable  metal,  s.  g.  8-8;  less  oxidizable  than 
iron.  The  suljihate  has  been  given  as  a  tonic  in 
the  dose  of  half  a  grain  to  a  grain. 

NICODE'MI  O'LEUM,  Oil  of  Nicode'mns. 
An  oil  made  by  digesting,  for  some  time,  —  in  a 
mixture  of  white  wine  and  olive  oil, — old  turpen- 
tine, litharge,  aloes,  saffron,  osyd  of  zinc,  &c. 

NICOTIANA,  N.  tabacum"— n.  Minor,  N. 
rustica. 

Nicotia'na  Rus'tica,  called  after  Nicot,  who 
carried  it  to  Europe;  N.  minor,  Pritipei'n,  Hijon- 
ci/'m)ius  lu'teioi,  Eutilixh  or  Wild  Tobacco.  (Jrd. 
Solanaceae.  The  leaves  possess  the  properties  of 
tobacco,  but  are  milder. 

NiCOTlANA  Tab'acum,  Nicotia'nn,  Ilerha  tn- 
baci,  Tabacnm,  Petiitii,  Petiin,  Hyoncy'amtia  Pe- 
riivia'niis.  Tobacco,  Virr/in'in  tobacco,  Driitik- 
wort,  (F.)  Tahac,  Nicotiane.  Tobacco  is  a  violent 
aero-narcotic  ;  its  properties  seeming  to  depend 
upon  a  peculiar  principle,  Nicotin  or  Nicotiatiin. 
It  is  narcotic,  sedative,  diuretic,  emetic,  ca- 
thartic, and  errhine.  In  incarcerated  hernia,  it 
is  injected,  in  the  form  of  smoke  or  infusion,  but 
require?  great  caution.  It  is  extensively  and 
hai)itually  used  as  an  errhine  and  sialogogue.  The 
infusion  is  used  to  kill  vermin,  and  in  some  cuta- 
neous eruptions. 

NICOTIANE.  Nicotiana  tabacum. 
NICOTIANIN,  see  Nicotiana  tabacum. 
NICOTIN,  see  Nicotiana  tabacum. 
NICTATIO,  Ilippus,  Nictatio. 
NICTA'TION,  Nictn'tio,  Nictitn'tio,  from  nio- 
tare,  nictatum,  'to  wink.'     Clonus  nictita'tio,  Ble- 


is  physiological;  if  repeatedly,  a  disease,  it 
seems  to  be  executed  chieOy  by  the  luotur  7lh 
pair  of  nerves;  but  it  is  necessary  that  llie  e.\- 
citor  6tli  pair  should  likewise  be  in  a  state  uf 
integrity. 

NIDAMENTUM,  Dccidua. 
NIDDICK,  Nucha. 
NIDOREUX,  Nidorous. 
Nl'DOROUS,  Nidoro'sua.  (F.)  Nidoreii.r,  from 
Nidor,   Ciiisna,   'the  smell  of  any  thing  burnt,' 
(fee.     Having  the  smell  of  burnt  or  corrupt  ani- 
mal matter. 

NIDUS,  Nidus  hirundinis. 
Nidus  lliiti!N'i>iNis,  Nidim,  Su-all(}WH'  Neni. 
A  deep  fossa  in  the  cerebellum  —  so  called  fmm 
its  fancied  resemblance — situate  between  the  \\i- 
lum  medullare  poslcrius  in  front,  and  the  nudu- 
lus  and  uvula  behind. 

NIEDERBROXN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Saline  waters  in  the    depaitiiient    of   IJas-Rliiii, 
France,  which  contain  chloride  of  sodium,  sul- 
phate of  magnesia,  and  carbonic  acid. 
AV£/>/-£,  Nigella. 

NIEPA  BARK,  see  Samadera  Indica. 
NIGELLA,  Coptis. 

Nigel'la,  N.  Sati'va;  Ord.  Ranuneulacese;  (ni- 
grclla,  from  niger,  'black.)  3lelaii'thiiim,  Cnmi'- 
num  Nirjrnin,  Fennel  flower,  Nutmeg  jluwer,  Devil 
in  a  bush,  (F.)  Nigelle,  Nielle,  Fanjc  cnmiu,  Flciir 
Salnte-Catherine.  This  small  southern  Europesiii 
and  Syrian  plant  was  formerly  used  medicinally 
as  an  expectorant  and  deobstruent,  errhine,  sia- 
logogue, &c. 

NIGELLE,  Nigella. 
NIGHT-BLINDNESS,  Hcmoralopia. 
NIGHT  EYES,  Crusta  genu  equina;— n.  Mare, 
Incubus. 

NIGHTSHADE,  AMERICAN,  Phytolacca 
decandra — n.  Bittersweet,  Solanum  dulcamara — 
n.  Common,  Solanum  —  n.  Deadly,  Atropa  bella- 
donna—  n.  Enchanter's,  Circa;a  Lutetiana  —  n. 
Garden,  Solanum  —  n.  Palestine,  Solanum  sanc- 
tum—  n.  Stinking,  Hyoscyamus  niger  —  n.  Vine, 
Solanum  dulcamara  —  n.  Woody,  Solanum  dul- 
camara. ^ 

NIGREDO  A  SOLE,  Ephelidcs. 
NIGRITA,  Negro. 

NIGRITIES,Meianopathia— n.  Ossium,  Caries. 
NIGRITISM,  Melanopathia. 
NIGRITUDO,  Melanosis— n.  Pulmonum,  Me- 
lanosis  pulmonum. 

NKiROMANTIA,  Necromancy. 
NIGROR,  Melasma. 
NIGRUM  OCULL  Pupil. 
NIHIIj  ALBUM,  Zinci  oxydum— n.  Griseum, 
Zinci  oxydum. 
NILIACUM.  Mel. 

NIMA   QUASSIOI'DES,  Simn'ha  quamioiden, 
a  native  of  Nepal  and  the  Hiiniilnya  mountains, 
is  as  bitter  as  quassia,  and  is  used  like  it. 
NINDSIN,  Slum  ninsi. 
NINE  BARK,  Spiraea  opulifolia. 
NINE-DAY  FITS,  Trismus  nascentium. 
NINSI.  Slum  ninsi, 
NINSIN(t,  Panax  quinquefolium. 
NINZIN,  Slum  ninsi. 
NIPPLE,  Sax.  nypele.     The  Teat,  Tit,  T-i, 

Dug,  Pap,  (Old  Eng.)  Neble,  Titlij;  AeromaH'timu, 
IJber,  Slo  ' 

la,    Mamiiiel'  In,    /'apt 

apex,  Thele,  Tit'the,  Titthnu,  Tit'thion,  Titlhh, 
(F.)  Mamelon,  Bout  de  sein.  The  conical  tubercle, 
situate  at  the  centre  of  the  breast.  Towards  tli9 
central  part  of  each  breast  the  skin  changes 
colour,  and  assumes  a  rosy  tint  in  young  females, 


,v,  ^.^lu  j^ii^.y  ^.-^'^.c,  .,,■,,,  ....»..-..■     , 

apli'ylia,  Stapliyl'ium,  liulxma,  Minnniil  - 
iimet  In,    Papil'la,     F.    rtiammm,    ("liens 


NIPPLEWORT 


C35 


NODOSIA 


or  a  reddish  brown  in  those  who  have  suckled 
pevenil  cliildren.     Tlie  circle  is  called  the  Areola 
or  Aureola  of  the  nippfe.     The  nipple  is  capable 
of  erection  on  bein;^  excited. 
Xii'i'ij;,  AuTiKiciAL,  lioiit  de  Sein. 
MIM'i.KWOUT,  Liips-ana. 
XIUI/IOS,  Herpes  phlyetaenodcs.  : 

NirtMALIjI*'I'J.S,  Strychno?  potatorum. 
N'lJiMILLIES,  Strychnos  potatorum. 
NI.SUS,  Ni.rits,  Peini,  tStraiiiiii;/,  from  Lat. 
jiitiir,  uintiK,  and  hIxhh,  'to  endeavour.'  A  volun- 
tary retention  of  the  breath,  so  as  to  force  down 
the  diapiiragm  ;  the  abdominal  muscles  beinj;  at 
tlie  tame  time  contractetl  forcibly.  In  this  man- 
ner the  contents  of  the  iilxlomen  are  compressed; 
and  the  evacuation  of  the  faeces,  urine,  <tc.,  is 
cIVeetcd. 

Nisi'S,  Effort  —  n.  Formativus,  Plastic  force. 

Nisi's  P.vitTuniENTiUM.  The  efforts  or  forcing 
duriii<;  parturition. 

NITEDULA,  Cicindcla. 

MTUN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
springs  in  the  Isle  of  Wight  contain  iron,  and 
sul|iii:ite  of  alumina  and  potassa. 

NITIIAS,  Nitrate  —  n.  Ilydrargyricus,  see 
Ilydrargyri  nitras  —  n.  Hydrargyrosus,  Ilydrar- 
gyri  nitras — n.  Kalicus,  Potasste  nitras — n.  Lix- 
iviie,  Potassoo  nitras — n.  Natricum,  Soda,  nitrate 
of — n.  Plumbicus,  Plumbi  nitras  —  n.  Potussaj 
cum  suiphure  fusus,  Potassae  nitras  fusus  sul- 
pliatis  paucillo  mixtus  —  n.  Sub-bismuthicum, 
Bisriuitli.  sub-nitrate  of. 

N'l'TIlATE,  Nitras,  Az'otctte.  A  salt,  formed 
of  11  b:ise  and  nitric  acid.  Several  nitrates  are 
employed  in  medicine. 

MTRATE  ACIDE  DE  MERCURE,  see 
Ilydrar^yri  nitras — )i.  d' Animoniaqne,  Ammonise 
nitras — n.  d' Anjcnt,  Argenti  nitras — n.  Mercureux, 
llydrar^iyri  nitras. 

NITRE,  Potassae  nitras  —  n.  Cubic,  Soda,  ni- 
trate iif. 

NITRIC,  Ni'tn'citn.  (F.)  Nitn'qite,  from  nitriun, 
'nitre.'     Ajipertaining  or  relating  to  nitre. 

NlTiuc  AcU).  Acidiini  ni'triciim  sou  azo'ti'ciim 
seu  ncp'ticiiin  seu  nitri,  Aqua  fortis,  Nitrous  acid, 
Splr'ilin  tiitri  duplex  sen  nitri  fuiuans  seu  nitri 
Glaube'ri  seu  nitri  ac"idiis,  Azot'io  acid,  Dephlo- 
gist'icaled  nitrous  acid,  Oxysepton'ic  acid,  (F. ) 
Avide  nitrique  ou  azotique.  Nitric  acid  is  <ib- 
tained  from  nitre — Nitrate  of  potassn.  Its  odour 
is  sutTooating;  taste  very  acid  and  caustic.  It  is 
piirrosive.   linuid,    colourless,    and    transparent. 

s.  g.  I  -oon. 

Strcjng  nitric  acid  is  rarely  used  except  as  an 
aiiplication  to  foul,  indolent  ulcers,  or  to  warts. 
When  given  internally,  it  is  in  the  form  of  the 
AnniTM  ni'tiucum  dilu'tum,  Spir'itus  nitri  sim- 
plex seu  nitri  vnhja'ris — Diluted  nitric  acid, 
which,  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States, 
consists  of  nitric  acid,  f^i,  water,  f.^ix  by  mea- 
sure. Diluted  largely  with  water,  it  is  used,  as  a 
drink  in  fevers  of  the  typhoid  kind ;  in  chronic 
affections  of  the  liver,  syphilis,  &c.  ;  but  in  the 
latter  affections,  it  is  not  to  be  depen<led  upon. 

NITROdEN,  from  fir/jov,  '  nitre,' and  ycwaa), 
'I  senerato.'     Azote. 

Ni'tkookx,  Ga'skous  Oxidk  of,  Nitrous  oxide, 
Priitox'iile  of  nitroi/en  or  of  azote.  Paradise,  Iti- 
toxicatinij  or  Lan//hiur/  qas,  Dtphloijis'ticated  ni- 
trous i/as,  Gas  azol'icnin  f>.vi/<iena'tuin.  This  gas, 
when  respired,  produce*  singular  effects:  great 
mental  and  corporeal  excitement ;  and,  generally, 
so  Muich  exhilaration  as  to  render  the  appellation, 
"liiui/lilDt/  i/as"  by  no  means  inappropriate.  It 
has  not  iieen  much  used  in  medicine,  although 
reeiunmended  in  paralysis.  Its  effects  are  too 
violent  and  too  transient  to  render  it  a  valuable 
remedial  a^eut;  and,  Iq  the  delicate,  it  has  been 


productive  of  unpleasant  effects,  inducing  palpi- 
tation, fainting,  and  convulsions. 

NiTROGE.v,  Protoxide  of.  Nitrogen,  gaseous 
oxide  of. 

NITROGENE,  Azote. 

NITROGENIUM,  Azote. 

NI'TKOGENIZED,  A'zoted,  A'zotized,  (F.) 
Azote.  Containing  nitrogen  or  azote: — as  a  wi- 
troqenized,  azoted,  or  azotized  aliment. 

NITRO-MURIAT'IC  ACID,  Ac"idum  nitro- 
muriat' icum  seu  luurinticum  nitro'so-oxi/f/eua'tuti., 
ilens'truum  auri,  Nilro-lnjdrocldor'ic  or  Ihjdrn- 
chloro-nitric  acid.  Aqua  rtijia  seu  stytyia  seu  rc(jis 
Chrysaha,  (F.)  Euu  r^y<de.  A  mixture  of  tie 
nitric  and  muriatic  acids,  has  been  used  in  dis- 
eases of  the  liver,  in  the  form  of  a  bath  for  the 
feet  and  legs,  made  sharply  acidulous.  It  ha^, 
also,  been  employed,  and  with  more  uniform  re- 
sults, in  cutaneous  affections.  Whatever  advai;- 
tage  it  may  posses  in  internal  diseases- — and  these 
advantages  are  doubtful — they  are  probably  de- 
pendent upon  the  chlorine  formed  by  the  mixture, 
or  upon  the  properties  possessed  by  the  mineral 
acids  in  general.     See  Chlorine. 

The  Acidiim  nitro-mnriattrum  of  the  Pharma- 
copoeia of  the  United  States  is  formed  by  mixing 
four  fluidounces  of  nitric  acid  with  eight  of 
muriatic  acid. 

NITROUS  OXIDE,  Nitrogen,  gaseous  oxide  of. 

NITRUM,  Natron,  Potassae  nitras  —  n.  Anti- 
quorum,  Soda  —  n.  Cubicum,  Soda,  nitrate  of — 
n.  Factitium,  Boiax  —  n.  Flammans,  Animoni;o 
nitras  —  n.  Lunarc,  Argenti  nitras  —  n.  Prismati- 
cum,  Potassae  nitras  —  n.  Rhomboidale,  S-oda. 
nitrate  of — n.  Saturninum,  Plumbi  nitras — n.  Vi- 
triolatum  Schroederi,  Potassae  sulphas — n.  Tabn- 
latum,  Potassae  nitras  fusus  sulphatis  paucillo 
mixtus — n.  Vitriolatum,  Potassae  sulphas. 

NIX,  Snow — n.  Fumans,  Calx  viva — n.  Zinci, 
Zinci  oxydum. 

NIX  US,  Nisus  —  n.  Parturientium,  Nisus  par- 
turientium. 

NOAirS  ARK,  Cypripcdium  luteum. 
.   NOBLE,  Noh'ilis.     Principal,  Essential. 

NoBLK  Pauts,  Partes  essentia'les.  Some  ana- 
tomists have  given  this  name  to  parts,  without 
which  life  cannot  exist;  such  as  the  heart,  liver, 
lungs,  brain,  &c.  The  organs  of  generation  have, 
likewise,  been  so  called. 

NOCAR, i/u)icup,  Toriior Soporif'icus.  Lethargic 
torpor. 

NOCTAMBULATIO,  Somnambulism. 

NOCTAMBULISMUS,  Somnambulism. 

NOCTAMBULUS,  Somnambulist. 

NOCTISURGIUM.  Somnambulism. 

NOCTUI'NI  OC'ULL  Gray  or  blue  eyes.— 
Castelli. 

NOCTURNA  BELLA,  Coitus. 

NOCTUR'NAL,  Noctur'nus,  Ni/cter'inns,  from 
no.r,  noctis,  'night.'  Relating  to  night,  as  Febris 
noctur'na  seu  nycter'ina.  A  fever  occurring  in 
the  night. 

NODDING,  Annuitio,  Nntatio, 

NODDLEPOX,  Syphilomania. 

NODE,  Nodus,  Einphy'mn  exosto  sis  perios'ten, 
(F.)  Nodosite,  Na;ud;  from  Ilebr.  TJ.  'a  heap.' 
A  hard  concretion  or  incrustation,  which  forn.s 
around  joints  attacked  with  rheumatism  or  gour. 
Some  include,  under  this  name,  exostoses,  arti- 
cular calculi,  ganglions,  and  even  the  chron-c 
swellings  of  the  joints  known  under  the  name 
of  white  swellings. 

NODES,  Edentulus. 

NODI  DIGITORUM  MANUS,  Phalanges  of 
the  fingers — n.  Lactea,  Infarctus  mammae  lactens 
— n.  Nervorum.  Ganglions,  nervous — n,  Ilajmor- 
rhoidales,  see  Ilamorrhois. 

NODOI,  Nefrendes. 

NODOSIA,  see  Nefrendes. 


NO  DO  SIT  Pj 


G3  6 


NUSOGENIA 


NOnOSfT^,  Node. 

NOD'ULI  ARAN'Tir,  Noduli  3ror(,ngn'!!, 
Cor'pora  Aran'tii.  The  small  sesamoid  bodies 
situate  on  the  periphery  of  the  semilunar  valves 
of  the  aorta  and  pulmonary  artery  for  the  better 
ocelusion  of  the  artery. 

No])iTLi  MoitGAGNii,  Noduli  Arantii  —  n.  Ner- 
vorum. Ganslions,  nervous. 

NOD'ULUS,  diminutive  of  nochis,  'a  knot.'  A 
smiill  knot  A  small  prominence  or  lobule  in  the 
])ortion  of  the  cerebellum,  which  forms  the  poste- 
rior boundary  of  the  fourth  ventricle.  The 
nodulus  is  on  the  median  line,  and  before  the 
uvula.     See  Vermiform  process,  inferior. 

NODULUS  UTERINUS,  Pessary. 

NODUS,  Articulation,  Edentulus,  Encystis, 
Ilamma — -u.  Cerebri,  Pons  Varolii  —  n.  Chirurgi- 
cus,  Knot,  surgeon's  —  n.  Encephali,  Nvetid  de 
I'Encephale,  Pons  Varolii — -n.  Hystericus,  Angone 
— n.  Vitoe,  Centrum  vitale. 

NOESIS,  Intellect. 

N(EUD,  Node  —  n.  dn  Clurtirgien,  Knot,  sur- 
geon's— )i.  d'EinbdUeur,  Knot,  Jiacker's. 

NCEUD  DE  L'ENCEPHALE  (F.),  Nodus 
Eiiceph'ali.  M.  Cruveilhier,  under  this  name, 
includes  the  pons  Varolii,  peduncles  of  the  cere- 
brum and  cerebellum,  and  the  tubercula  quadri- 
geraina. 

NCEUD  VITAL,  Centrum  vitale. 

NCEUDS,  Ciilculi,  arthritic. 

NOIR  ANIMAL,  Carbo  animalis  — ji.  d'Os, 
Carho  animalis. 

NOISETIER,  Corylus  avellana. 

NOISETTE,  Corylus  avellana  (nut). 

A'^OLY,  Juglans  regia  (nux)  —  n.  AmMcnine, 
Jatropha  curcas — n.  den  Barhades,  Jatropha  cur- 
e-as— )(.  Cnthartiqiie,  Jatropha  curcas — n.  d'Eau, 
Trapa  natans — n.  de  Oalle,  see  Quercus  infectoria 
—  n.  d'Igasiir,  Ignatia  amara — n.  de  Serpent,  see 
Thevetia  Ahouai  —  ii.  Vomiqite,  see  Strychnos 
nux  vomica. 

NOLA  CULINARIA,  Anemone  Pulsatilla. 

NOLI  ME  TANGERE,  Lupus,  see  Chancreux 

[Bonln,,.) 

NOMA,  Cancer  aquaticus — n.  Pudendorum, 
Colpocace  infantilis. 

NOMAD,  Nomnde,  Nomas,  (vofim;,  vo/iaSo;,) 
from  voiit),  'pasturage.'  An  epithet  given  to  people 
who  have  no  fixed  habitation,  and  who  travel, 
with  their  flocks,  from  country  to  country,  for 
pasturage.  Such  are  the  Tartars.  By  analogy, 
the  word  Nomad' ic  has  been  applied  to  a  spreading 
ulcer. 

NOMBRIL,  Umbilicus  — n.  de  Venus,  Cotyle- 
don umbilicus. 

NOMK.  Cancer  aquaticus.  Phagedenic  ulcer. 

NO'MEXCLATURE,  Nomencln'tio,  Nomen- 
clritn'ra,  Onomntnlorj" in,  Onomatoele'sis,  Termon- 
id'of/y,  Termhiol'o'iy,  Glnssol'ogy,  Orismol'ogy, 
from  ovona,  '  name,'  and  koKcii),  '  I  call.'  A  col- 
1  'ction  of  terras  or  words  peculiar  to  a  science  or 
,Trt.  In  all  sciences,  nomenclature  is  an  object 
of  importance;  and  each  term  should  convey  to 
the  student  a  definite  meaning.  The  Lavoisier- 
i  in  nomenclature  was  a  valuable  gift  to  che- 
mistry ;  and  anatomy  has  derived  advantage  from 
the  labours  of  Barclay,  Dumas,  and  Chaussier, 
who  have  given  names  to  parts  indicative  of  their 
situation.  See  Muscle.  The  nomenclature  of 
pithology  has  required  the  greatest  attention; 
and  although  repeated  attempts  have  been  made 
to  improve  it,  the  barbarous  terms  that  disgrace 
if  are  still  frequently  adopted.  It  consists  of 
Hebrew  and  Arabic  terms ;  Greek  and  Latin, 
French,  Italian,  Spanish,  German,  English,  and 
even  Indian,  African,  and  Mexican  ;  often  bar- 
barously and  illegitimately  compounded.  A  want 
of  principle  in  founding  the  technical  terms  of 
medicine  is  every  where  observable.     They  have 


been    formed:  —  \.    From    colour;    as    Milcriia 
Melits,   Atrobills,    Leuce,   Alpltos,   Chloroiiin,   Uu. 
heula,  Scarlatina,  Purpura,  &c.     2.   From  dura- 
tion ;  as  eiilieinerul,  quotidian,  tertian,  and  i/uar- 
tan,    continued,   and    intermittent,    Ac.     .'{.    From 
Birds,    Beasts,    Fishes,    Insects,   and    Plants;    as 
Rabies   caulua,    Cynanclie,   Bouiimia,   Pica,  Hip. 
popi/on,    Elepha)itiasis,     Urticaria,    Lichen,    AA- 
thi/o'sis,    Ac.      4.    From    Persons    or    Places  :  as 
Morbus    Ilercnleus,    Fades    Ilipixteratlea,    Lepra 
Arabnni,  Plica  Polonica,  Sudor  Anglieus,  Morbut 
Gallicus,    Ignis    Saneti   Antouii,    Chorea    Siincti 
Viti,  Ac. 
NOMUS,  Cancer  aquaticus. 
NON-COMPOS,  Lunatic. 
NoN-CoMi'os  Mkntis,  Lunatic. 
NON-NAT'URALS,   Non    vatura'lia.     Under 
this  term   the  ancient  physicians  comprehended 
air,  meat,  and  drink,  sleep  and  watching,  motion 
and  rest,  the  retentions  and  excretions,  and  the 
affections  of  the  niiiid.     They  were  so  called,  be- 
cause they  affect  man  without  entering  into  his 
composition,  or  constituting  his  nature;  but  yet 
are  so  necessarv  that  he  cannot  live  without  them. 
NONPLACENTAL,  see  Placental. 
NON-SANE,  Insane. 

NON-STRIATED  MUSCULAR  FIBRE,  see 
Muscular  fibre. 

NON  US  HUMERI  PLACENTINI,  Teres 
minor  —  n.  LinguEE  musculus,  Genio-glossus  —  n. 
Vesalii,  Peronwus  tertius. 

NCOS,  Intellect. 

NORICE,  Nurse. 

NORMA  VERTICALIS,  see  Normal. 

NORMAL,  Norma'lis,  from  norma,  'a  perpen- 
dicular,' 'a  rule.'  According  to  rule;  perpen- 
dicular. 

The  normal  line,  norma  vertica'lis,  of  Bhinien- 
bach,  is  a  vertical  line  let  fall  from  the  promi- 
nence of  the  frontal  bone  and  shaving  the  supe- 
rior maxillary,  so  as  to  mark  the  projection  of 
the  latter  bone  beyond  the  arch  of  the  forehead. 

NORRIS'S  DROPS,  see  Antimonium  tartari- 
zatum. 

NORTH  CAROLI'NA,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OP.  The  chief  springs  are  the  Warm  and  Hot 
Spriugs  of  Buiicomhe.  Temperatures  varying 
from  94°'to  104°  Fahr.  They  have  not  much 
mineral  impregnation,  and  have  the  properties 
of  the  thermal  waters  in  general. 

NORTON'S  DROPS,  Liquor  hydrargyri  osy- 
muriatis. 

NORYSS,  Nurse. 

NOSACERUS,  Sickly. 

NOSE,  Nasus  — n.  Bleed,  Epistaxis. 

Nose,  Rhnning  at  thb,  Coryza. 

NOSELI'A,  voar/Xtta,  Nosocowe'sis,  Nosocomi'a, 
from  vofff);,  '  disease.'     Care  of  the  sick. 

NOSEMA,  Disease. 

NOSENCEPH'ALUS,  (F.)  Nosencephale,  from 
voaoi,  'disease,'  and  {yxf^aAos,  'brain.'  A  mon- 
ster whose  skull  is  open  only  on  the  frontal  and 
parietal  regions,  the  posterior  fontanelle  being 
distinctlv  present. 

NOSEROS,  Insalubrious,  Sick. 

NOSEUMA.  Disease. 

NOSOCOMESIS,  Noselia. 

NOSOCOMIA,  Noselia. 

NOSOCO'MIAL,  Nosncomia'lis,  from  voeoKo- 
lictov,  (voaos,  'a  disease,'  and  Ko/jicta,  'I  take  care 
of,')  '.an  hospital.'  Relating  to  an  hospital,  —  as 
'nosocomial  or  hospital  fever.' 

NOSOCOMIUM,  HospitaL 

NOSOCOMUS,  Inftrmier. 

NOSOCRATIC,  Specific. 

NOSODES,  Insalubrious,  Sick,  Sickly. 

NOSODOCHIUM,  Hospital. 

NOSOGENESIS,  Pathogeny 

NOSOGENIA,  Pathogeny. 


NOSOGEXy 


6.^7 


NOW 


NOSOnEXY,  Pathogeny. 

K0SO(JE0(JHAPJIV,  Geography,  medicnl. 

NOSOG'KAPilY,  Niisotjra/ih'ifi,  from  voao^,  'a 
disease,'  and  ypaipu),  '  I  describe.'  A  description 
of  discuses. 

NOSOL'OGY,  Noiio1og"ia,  from  voooi,  'a  dis- 
ease,' and  \oyoi, '  a.  discourse.'  A  name  given  to  that 
part  of  medicine  whose  object  is  the  classification 
of  diseases.  The  most  celebrated  nosological 
pystetns  have  been  those  of  Sauvages  (1763),  Lin- 
iia<u9  (170:'.).  V^)gel  (I7Gi),  Sugar  (1776),  Mac- 
brido  (1772),  Cullen  (1772),  Darwin  (1796),  Selle, 
Crichtun  (1801),  Parr  (1809),  Swediaur  (1812), 
Pinel  (18115),  Young  (1813),  Good  (1817),  Hosack 
(1818),  <fec.  Besides  these  general  nosographies, 
others  have  been  published  on  Snr<jery  exclu- 
sively, none  of  which  are  particularly  worthy  of 
enumeration  amongst  nosological  systems.  No- 
sologiciil  arrangements  have,  also,  been  formed 
of  single  families  or  groups  of  diseases.  Plenck, 
of  B.'iden,  is  the  author  of  two  different  treatises 
of  this  kind:  the  one,  a  methodical  arrangement 
of  the  diseases  of  the  eyes,  and  the  other,  of  cu- 
taneous diseases.  Dr.  Willan  published  an  ar- 
rangement of  cutaneous  diseases,  which  was  com- 
jiletcd  by  Dr.  Bateman,  and  adopted  into  the 
Nosology  of  Dr.  llosack.  Mr.  Abernethy,  also, 
published  a  methodical  classification  of  tumours, 
and  many  other  partial  nosological  classifications 
might  be  enumerated.     Also,  Pathology. 

NOSOX'OMY,  Nosonom'ia,  from  vuaoi,  'a  dis- 
ease,' and  ovojxa,  'name.'  The  nomenclature  of 
diseases. 

NOSOPII'YTA,  from  vaao^,  '  disease,'  and  fvTov, 
'a  plant.'  A  disease  supposed  to  be  produced  by, 
or  to  consist  in  the  development  of  parasitic 
plants — lis  porrigo,  mentagra,  <te. — Gruby. 

NOSOPCB'US,  Noxnpnet' icn«,  from  voaoq,  'dis- 
ease,' and  nouui,  '  I  make.'  That  which  causes 
disease. 

NOSOS,  Disease. 

NOSOTAX'Y,  NoHotnx'in,  from  voao^,  'a  dis- 
ease,' and  rufif,  'arrangement.'  The  distribution 
and  classification  of  diseases. 

NOSOTIIEO'RIA,  from  vo<rof,  'disease,'  and 
Stupia,  'doctrine.'  The  doctrine  or  theory  of 
disease. 

NOSTAL'GIA,  from  voaroi,  'return,'  *  a  jour- 
ney home,'  and  nXyos,  'pain.'  NosUmia'nia,  Noa- 
Iras'sia,  Apodemial'gin,  Pathopntridid'yia,  Pitto- 
patridal'yia,  Philopatr!d<d'(/ia,  Philopntn'domn'- 
iitVi,  Adcmon'ia,  Adenion'1/iie,  Iloiiie-sicknens,  (F.) 
iVostoli/ie,  Midiidie  dii  poijs.  An  affection  pro- 
duced by  the  desire  of  returning  to  one's  country. 
It  is  commonly  attended  by  slow  wasting,  and 
sometimes  by  hectic,  which  may  speedily  induce 
death.  M.  Pinel  properly  regards  it  as  a  variety 
of  uiclancholy. 

NOSTO.MANIA,  Nostalgia. 

NOSTRASSIA,  Nostalgia. 

NOSTRILS,  Nares. 

NOSTRU.VI,  Arcanum. 

Nostrum,  Chittick's.  An  empirical  remedy 
for  stone  in  the  bladder,  said  to  be  a  solution  of 
alkali  in  veal-broth. 

NOTA  MATERNA,  Nrevus  — n.  Primitiva, 
Groove,  primitive. 

NOT.E  INFANTUM,  Ntevi. 

NOTAL,  Dorsal. 

NOTAL'GIA,  NotinVgSa,  {Xontnlgia,  impro- 
perly, of  Kiichlin  and  others.)  from  curoj,  'the 
back,' and  aAyof, 'pain.'  Paiu  in  the  back.  Spinal 
irritation. 

XOTANEXCEPHALIA,  see  Notencephalus. 

NOTCH,  Tcut.  No  eke,  Ital.  Xovchh,  Emar- 
glna'lin,  Einarginatn'ra,  (F.)  Echancriire.  A 
depression  or  indentation  of  different  shape  and 
size,  observed  on  the  circumference  or  edges  of 
certain  bones. 


Notch  of  the  Concha,  Incisura  tragica. 

Notch,  Ethmoid'al,  (F.)  Echancrure  ethnwi- 
dide,  is  situate  on  the  frontal  bone,  and  joins  the 
ethmoid. 
_  Notches,  Ischiat'ic,  (F.)  Echancmres  hdiia- 
tiqnei,  are  two  in  number:  —  the  greater  and  the 
leas.  The /orwee  is  large,  situate  at  the  inferior 
part  of  the  pelvis,  and  formed  by  the  sacrum  and 
ilium.  It  gives  passage  to  the  sciatic  nerve,  py- 
ramidalis  muscle,  and  to  the  superior  gluteal  ves- 
sels and  nerves.  The  latter  is  much  smaller  than 
the  other,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  sciatic 
spine.  It  gives  passage  to  the  tendon  of  the  ob- 
turator internus,  and  to  the  internal  pudic  vessels 
and  nerves. 

Notch,  Parot'id,  (F.)  jSchancmre  paroli'di- 
enne,  is  the  triangular  space  comprised  between 
the  parotid  edge  of  the  inferior  maxillary  bone 
and  the  mastoid  process;  so  called,  because  it 
lodges  the  parotid  gland.  The  notches  in  soft 
parts  are  generally  called  Fissures. 

Notch,  Scap'ular,  Incisu'ra  scnpula'n'a,  Lu'- 
nnla  scnp'ula,  (F.)  Erhiiiicnire  sca],uhn'r3.  The 
notch  on  the  superior  edge  or  casta  of  the  scapula, 
which  is  converted  into  a  foramen  by  means  of  a 
ligament,  and  gives  passage  to  the  suprascapular 
nerve. 

Notch,  Semilunar  of  the  Sternum,  Four- 
chette. 

NOTENCEPIIALIA,  see  Notencephalus. 

NOTENCEPH'ALUS,  from  vcum,  'the  back,' 
and  lyKKpaXog,  '  the  head.'  A  monster  whose 
head,  with  the  brain,  is  on  the  back.  The  con- 
dition is  termed  Nuteneejiha'lia  and  Nutunen- 
cephii'lia. — I.  G.  St.  Ililiare. 

NOTIIEUSIS,  Degeneration. 

NOTIIIA,  Degeneration. 

NOTII ROTES,  Torpor. 

NOTHUS,  False. 

NOTIiEUS,  Dorsal  — n.  Myelus,  Medulla  spi- 
nalis. 

NOTIALGIA,  Notalgia. 

NOTOM'ELES,  from  vwrof,  'the  back,'  and 
ixekio^,  'unprofitable.'  A  monster  with  super- 
fluous flesh  on  the  back. 

NOTOMYELITIS,  Myelitis. 

NOTOMYELUS,  Medulla  spinalis. 

NOTON,  Dorsum. 

NOTOS,  Dorsum,  Vertebral  column 

NOUAGE  BE  LA  CORNEE,  Caligo. 

NOUE,  (Baudnge)  (F.);  'knotted,'  from  nodua, 
'a  knot.'  A  bandage  which  has  a  considerable 
number  of  knots  placed  over  each  other.  It  is 
made  with  a  roller,  6  or  7  ells  long,  rolled  into 
two  balls,  and  is  used  to  compress  the  parotid 
region,  after  the  extirpation  of  the  parotid  gland. 

Also,  an  epithet  applied  to  children  in  whom 
the  disease  of  rickets  has  swollen  the  articula- 
tions. 

It  is,  likewise,  applied  to  the  gout  when  it  has 
caused  nodes  on  the  joints. 

NOUET  (F.),  Nod' ulna.  A  bag  filled  with 
medicinal  substances,  and  infused  in  a  liquid  to 
communicate  their  properties  to  it. 

NOUFFER'S,  MADAME,  REMEDY,  Poly- 
podium  filix  mas. 

NOURRICE,  Nurse. 

NOURRrCfER,  Nutritious. 

NOURRFTURE,  Aliment. 

NOUS,  Intellect. 

NOV U RE,  Rachitis. 

NOUVEAU-NE  (F.),  ('new-born.')  Neonn'- 
tiia,  nuperriml  Ndtiia,  Neog'eiiea,  Neog'ilea,  A'eog'- 
diia,  Neng'onns,  Neog'nus,  Iiifans  receiia  nntiia. 
That  which  has  been  just  born.  A  new-born 
infant. 

NOVACULA,  Razor. 

NOW,  Vertex. 


NOVA  U 


r,3  8 


NUTRITIOUS 


XO  YA  U,  see  Cytoblast. 

XOYAU  CENTRAL  DES  PEDONCULES 
VU  CERVELET,  Corpus  dentatum. 

NO  YER,  Juglans  regia — n.  de  Cejlon,  Adha- 
t<>da. 

NOYRIS,  Nurse. 

NUAGE,  Nebula. 

NUBECULA,  EntEorema,  Nebula. 

NUBES,  Enaeorema,  Nebula. 

NU'BILE,  Ni('bilis,  'marriageable,'  'fit  to 
marry.'  Generally,  the  period  of  ])uberty  is  con- 
sidered to  be  the  age  at  which  lioth  sexes  are 
viiliile.  They  are  truly  nubile,  however,  only 
when  they  are  fitted  to  procreate  healthy  and 
vigorous  children,  and  are  competent  to  discharge 
their  duties  as  parents. 

NUBIL'ITY,  NnbU'itas,  (F.)  NnhlUte  ;  same 
etymon.  The  state  of  being  nubile  or  marriage- 
able. 

NUBILOSUS,  Nepheloid. 

NUCES  AQUATICS,  see  Trapa  natans— n. 
Quercfls,  see  Querous  alba. 

NUCHA,  Jn'iuvi,  Nucha  c(tp'itis,{¥.)  Nuqiie. 
The  nuke,  hinder  part  or  nape  of  the  neck, 
(Prov.)  Niddick.  The  part  where  the  spinal 
marrow  begins. 

Lifjamen'tum  Nucha.  A  strong  ligament  from 
the  neck,  proceeding  from  one  spinous  process  to 
another,  and  inserted  into  the  occipital  bone.  It 
is  very  strong  in  quadrupeds.  It  is  called  in 
them  Paxywaxy,  Paxwux,  Pachwax,  formerly, 
Faxwax,  and  Tuxunx. 

NUCHAL  RE'GION,  Jte'gio  nucha  seu  nn- 
cha'lis  seu  occipita'iis  iiife'riur,  from  nucha.  The 
region  of  the  nucha  or  nape  of  the  neck. 

NUCISTA,  see  Myristica  moschata. 

NUCK,  CANAL  OF.  A  small  prolongation 
of  the  peritoneum  often  sent  into  the  inguinal 
canal  of  the  female  foetus.  So  called  from  Nuck, 
who  first  described  it. 

NU'CLEATED,  Nucha'tus,  from  nucleus,  'a 
kernel.'  Having  a  nucleus  or  central  particle. 
Applied  to  the  elementary  cells  of  organized  tis- 
sues ;  the  vital  jiroperties  of  which  are  seated  in 
tJie  nucleus.     See  Cytoblast. 

NUCLEATED  CELL,  see  Cytoblast. 

NUCLEI  CExMBRiE,  see  Pinus  Cembra  — n. 
Ossei,  Ossification,  points  of — n.  Pineae,  see  Pinus 
pinea. 

NUCLEIN,  see  Globules  of  the  blood. 

NUCLEOLE,  see  Cytoblast. 

NUCLEOLULE,  see  Cytoblast, 

NUCLEOLUS,  see  Cytoblast. 

NUCLEUS,  see  Cytoblast— n.  Blastodermatis, 
Tache  embri/nnnaire—n.  Centralis,  Corpus  denta- 
tum—  n.  Cicatrioula;,  Tache  emiiryoniiaire  —  n. 
Dentatus,  Corpus  dentatum  —  n.  Dentis,  Dental 
jiulp  —  n.  Encased,  Cytoblast  —  n.  Fimbriatus, 
Corpus  dentatum — ^n.  Furunculi,  see  Furunculus 
—  n.  Germinal,  see  Molecule  —  n.  Germinativus, 
see  Molecule  —  n.  Olivaj,  Corpus  dentatum  —  n. 
Ossificationis,  Ossification,  point  of — n.  Rhom- 
boidalis.  see  Corpus  der»tatuin. 

NUCULA  TERRESTRIS,  Bunium  bulbocas- 
tanum. 

NUKE,  Nucha. 

NULE-KNEED.  Entogonyancon. 

NUMERICAL  METHOD,  see  Method,  nume- 
rical. 

NUM'MULAR,  Nummula'ris.  Relating  to 
money,  from  nummuK,  'money.'  An  epithet  ap- 
plied to  the  sputa  in  phthisis,  when  they  flatten 
at  the  bottom  of  the  vessel,  like  a  piece  of  money, 
and  to  the  mode  of  aggre;ration  of  the  red  cor- 
puscles of  the  blood — '  uuuniiii/dr  rolls.' 

NUMMULARIA,  Lysimachia  nummularia. 

NUMPOST,  Abscess. 

NUPIIAR  AD'VEN'A,  Nymphte'a  ad'venn, 
Yellow  Fund    Lily,   Spatterdock.      Order,   Nym- 


pheaceac  ;  indigenous  in  Canada  and  the  United 
States.  The  root  is  a  popular  tonic,  and  the 
fresh  root  bruised  is  applied  as  a  cataplasm. 

NuPHAR  LuTKUM,  Nymphsea  lutca. 

NUQUE,  Nucha. 

NURICE,  Nurse. 

NURSE,  Sax.  nopice,  Niiti-ix,  (from  nnwhh, 
itself  from  nutrire,)  Tithe'ne,  Ti-cphou'eu,  Luc- 
tans,  Lac'ticaus,  Nu'triens,  Thelas'tria,  Mtinimn, 
(I.)  Nutrt'ce,  (F.)  Nourn'ce,  (Sc.)  Nnyris,  Noryss, 
Nun'ce,  Norice.  One  who  suckles  hor  own  cliild 
or  another's.  Also,  one  that  has  the  cure  of  a 
sick  person.  Care-taker,  (F.)  (undv-nwlude. 

NiiHSK,  Dry.  One  who  gives  every  care  to  a 
child,  but  does  not  suckle  it. 

NuKSn,  Monthly.  One  who  attends  a  woman 
during  the  month  of  her  parturient  state. 

NiiKSE,  Wet,  (Sc.)  Milkwoman.  A  feninle, 
who  suckles  the  child  of  another. 

To  'nurse  artificially,'  is  to  bring  up  a  child  by 
the  hand. 

NUS,  Intellect. 

NUSUS,  Disease. 

NUT,  BRAZILIAN,  see  Pichurim  beans  — n. 
Butter,  Juglans  cinerea — n.  Ceuibros,  see  Pinus 
cembra  —  n.  Clearing,  Strychnos  potatoruni  —  n. 
French,  Juglans  regia  —  n.  Para,  sec  Pichurim 
beans — n..  Physic,  Jatropha  curcas — n.  Pine,  sco 
Pinus  picea — n.  Pistachio,  see  Pistacia  vera— n. 
Poison,  see  Strychnos  nux  vomica  —  n.  Purging, 
see  Jatro])ha  and  Croton  tiglium — n.  Rattle,  Ne- 
lumbium  luteum  —  n.  Sassafras,  see  Pichurim 
beans — n.  Soap,  see  Sapindus  saponaria. 

Nut  Thke,  Malabah,  Adhatoda. 

Nut,  Vomic,  see  Strychnos  nux  vomica-^ n. 
Zirbel,  see  Pinus  picea. 

NUTA'TION.  Nuta'tin,  from  nvtare,  niitntum, 
'to  nod.'  Nodding.  Also,  a  constant  oscillation 
of  the  head,  by  which  it  moves  involuntarily  in 
one  or  more  directions. 

NUTATOR  CAPITIS,  Sterno-cleido-mastoi- 
deus. 

NUTMEG,  see  Myristica  moschata — n.  Butter, 
see  Myristica  —  n.  Flower,  Nigella  —  n.  Liver, 
Liver,  nutmeg. 

NUTMEGS.  Testes. 

NUTRICATIO,  Nutrition. 

NUTRTCIER,  Nutritious. 

NUTRICIUS,  Nutritious. 

NUTRIENS.  Aliment,  Nurse. 

NUTRIMEN.  Aliment. 

NUTRIMEN'TAL,  Nutrimenfn'lia,  Alimenl'nl, 
Alimcn'tary,  Alimentd'lis,  (F.)  Alimeuleujr,  from 
nutrimen,  'aliment.'  Having  the  qualities  of  fuod 
or  nutriment. 

NUTRIMENTUM,  Aliment,  Pabulum. 

NUTRIT"ION,  Nutrit"io,  Nutrica'tio,  Nutri'- 
tus,  Alitu'ra,  Threpsis,  from  nutrire,  nutritnm, 
'to  nourish.'  Nutrition  is  that  function  by  which 
the  nutritive  matter  already  elaborated  by  the 
various  organic  actions,  loses  its  own  nature,  and 
assumes  that  of  the  different  living  tissues, —  ta 
repair  their  losses  and  maintain  their  strength. 
Sometimes  the  word  is  used  in  a  more  extended 
signification,  to  express  the  whole  scries  of  ac- 
tions by  which  the  two  constant  movements  of 
composition,  and  decomposition  are  accomplished, 
in  organized  bodies.  Nutrition,  then,  would  com- 
prehend digestion,  absorption,  respiration,  circu- 
lation, and  assimilation  ;  the  latter  being  nutri- 
tion, properly  so  called,  and  being  effected  in 
the  intermediate  .system  over  the  whole  of  the 
body,  —  the  cells  of  the  tissues  attracting  from 
the  blood  the  elements  necessary  for  their  repa- 
ration. 

Nutrition,  Force  of,  Plastic  force. 

NUTRIT"IOUS,  Nutric"ius,  Nu'tritive,  Alili'- 
ilia,  Trophi'mos,  Trnpho'des,  (¥.)  Nourricier,  N>i- 
tricier,    Alihile.     Same    etymon.     Having   the 


i>r 


~^^/hyC' 


NUTRITIVE 


639 


NYMPIIOTOMY 


quality  of  nourishing:  as  nutritious  food,  nutri- 
tious lymph,  <fec. 

NUTKITIOUS  or  Nu'TKITIVE  AllTKRIES,  (F.)  Ar- 
Xlren  iiutriciereH.  Arterial  branches  which  enter 
the  foramina  nntricia  of  long  bones,  and  pene- 
trate to  the  medullary  membrane. 

NU'TRITIVE,  Nutritious,  (¥.)  Nxdritif.  Also, 
relating  to  nutrition  :  hence  the  'nutritive  func- 
tions,' or  those  that  are  concerned  in  nutrition. 
"   NUTRITUS,  Aliment,  Nutrition- 

NUTKIX,  Mamma,  Nurse. 

NUTS,  WATKR,  Nelumbinm  luteum. 

NUX  AROMATICA,  see  Myristica  inoschata 
— n.  Avellana,  Corylus  avellana  (nut) — n.  Barba- 
densis,  Jatropha  curcas— n.  Becuiba,  Ibicuiba — 
n.  Cathartiea  Americana,  Jatropha  curcas  —  n. 
UalliB,  see  Quercus  cerris  —  n.  Jughins,  Juglans 
regia — n.  Medica,  Coco  of  the  Maldives — n.  Me- 
tella,  Strychnos  nux  vomica — n.  Methel,  Datura 
stramonium  —  n.  Moschata,  see  Myristica  mos- 
cliata — n.  Myristica,  see  Myristica  moschata — n. 
Pistacia,  see  Pistacia  vera  —  n.  Unguentaria,  see 
Myristica  moschata — n.  Vomica,  Strychnos  nux 
vomica. 

NYCTALOPB,  see  Nyctalopia. 

NYCTALOPEX,  see  Nyctalopia. 

NYCTALO'PIA,  from  vuf,  vvKTog,  'night,'  and 
oiToftat,  'I  see;'  Parop'nis  Luci/'iign,  Nj/ctalopi'- 
onia,  Cm'citdS  diiir'nci,  Vintie  noctur'nns,  Oxyo'pia, 
Jleineralo'pia  (moderns),  Ainhbjo'pia  meridia'na, 
Jfeiiieralyjjhlo'nis,  Henterotyjihlo'nis,  Photophoh'ia, 
Phutophobiiphthal' inia,  DijHo'pia  lu'miriin,  Visus 
a'crior,  Ni/c'tidupy,  DayhlindncKS,  Diur'nal 
ainnnro'sis,  (F.)  V'we  nocturne,  Aveuylcment  de 
Jour.  The  faculty  of  seeing  during  the  night, 
with  privation  of  the  faculty  during  the  day.  It 
affects  both  eyes  at  once,  when  idiopathic.  Its 
duration  is  uncertain,  and  treatment  very  obscure. 
It  is,  however,  a  disease  of  nervous  irritability, 
and  one  of  excitement  of  the  visual  nerve  in  par- 
ticular. The  indications  of  cure  will  consequently 
be  —  to  allay  direct  irritation  in  every  way :  to 
excite  counter-irritation  by  blisters;  and  to  gra- 
dually accustom  the  eye  to  the  impression  of 
light. 

One  labouring  under  this  affection  is  called  a 
Nyc'talope,  Nyc'talnps,  yyvlitlo' pex. 

Nyctalnpiii  has  also  been  used  for  night  blind- 
ness.     See  Ilemeralopia. 

NYCTALOPS,  sec  Nyctalopia. 

NYCTALOPY,  Nyctalopia. 

NYCTERINIIS,  Nocturnal. 

NYCTIIEMERON.  see  Dies. 

NYCTIIE'MERUM,  from  vvl  vvktos,  'night,' 
and  'rj/Jicpa,  'day.'  The  space  of  24  hours,  or  of 
a  day  and  night.  Certain  complaints  continue 
ouly  so  long. 

NYCTOISADIA,  Somnambulism. 

NYCTOBASrS.  Somnambulism. 

NYCTOBATESIS,  Somnambulism. 

NYCTOBATIA,  Somnambulism. 

NYCTOTYPIILOSIS,  Ilemeralopia. 

XYGMA,  Wound,  punctured. 

NYGMATICUM  EMPLASTRUM,  Eraplas- 
truni  resinse. 

NYMPIIA,  Clitoris. 

NYMPIIi^E,  from  vv^aiiti,  'a  water  nymph.' 
Alts  niiuo'rca  sen  iiiler'iice  iiiino'ren  clitor'idin  seu 
Widie'bres  mino'rei,  Cnrun'ciilfS  culicula'res.  Cris- 
ta; clilor'idis,  Cidlic'uU  vnyi'iiCB,  Jfyrtochi'/n, 
Jfyrlovhei'liden,  Ldbin  miiio'ra  seu  iiiter'tia  seu 
puden'di  miiio'ra,  (F.)  Nymphes,  Petiten  levren. 
Two  membranous  folds,  wliich  arise  from  the 
hiteral  parts  of  the  prepuce  of  the  clitoris,  and 
descend  on  the  inner  surfiico  of  the  labia  mnJDru; 
ti'rmiiiating,  by  becoming  gradually  thinner, 
nliout  tlie  middle  of  the  circumference  of  the  ori- 
fice of  llie  vagina.  They  are  formed  each  of  two 
folds  of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  vuiva;  and 


y     ' 


contain,  in  their  substance,  a  thin  layer  of  spongy, 
erectile  tissue.  Their  use  seems  to  be,  —  not,  as 
was  once  supposed,  to  direct  the  course  of  the 
urine,  which  notion  gave  rise  to  their  name,  but 
to  favour  the  elongation  and  dilatation  of  the 
vagina  in  pregnancy  and  labour. 

The  word  vvmf}rj,  A'ymplie,  has  also  been  used 
s}'nonymously  with  clitoris  by  Oribasius,  Aetius, 

NYMPH^A  ADVENA,  Nuphar  advena. 

Nymi'H^'a  Alba,  LeuconymphoB'a,  A'enu'phar, 
Jficro/eucoiiymphcB'o,  Cdnta'lla  specin'na,  White 
Water  Lily,  (Sc.)  Cumhie-leaf,  (F.)  Nenuphar  ou 
Neiiufar  hUinc,  Lis  des  etanys,  Lune  ou  Volant 
d'Eau.  Nat.  Ord.  Ranunculaceae.  Sex.  Syxt. 
Polyandria  Monogynia.  Formerly  employed  as 
a  demulcent,  antaphrodisiac,  emollient,  and 
slightly  anodyne  remedy. 

Nymph^ea  Indiua,  N.  nelumbo  —  n.  Major 
lutea,  N.  lutea. 

NymphjEA  Ltj'tea,  N.  major  lutea  seu  umhili- 
ca'lis,  Nuphar  lu'teum,  Neuu'jihar  lute.a,  Nypho- 
Zdiithns  vulga'ris,  Yelloio  ^Vater  Lily,  (Sc.)  Cam- 
hie-leof,  (F.)  Nenupjhar  jauue.  Used  for  the 
same  purposes  as  Nymphcz'a  alba.  The  flowers 
are  called  in  Norfolk,  England,  Brandy  bottles. 

Nymph^A  Nei.um'bo,  N.  In'dica,  Faha  uEyyp- 
tiaca,  Cy'anus  ^(jyptiacus,  Pontic  or  ^yyptiuii 
Bean.  The  fruit  (jf  this  is  eaten  raw  in  Egypt 
and  some  of  the  neighbouring  countries;  and  is 
considered  to  be  tonic  and  astringent. 

NympHjE'a  Opoha'ta,  Sweet-scented  Water 
lyily,  Sweet  water  or  White  pond  or  7'oarf  Lily, 
Cow  or  Water  Cabhaye,  (F.)  Nenuj/har  odorant. 
An  indigenous  plant,  growing  in  most  parts  of 
the  United  States  in  fresh  water  ponds,  and  on 
the  borders  of  streams,  and  having  large  white, 
beautiful,  sweet-scented  flowers.  Tlie  root  is 
very  astringent  and  bitter.  It  is  sometimes  made 
into  a  poultice  and  used  as  a  discutient. 

NvMPH^iA  Umbilicalis,  N.  lutea. 

NYMPIIE,  Clitoris. 

NYMPHES.  Nyniphas. 

NYMPIII'TIS  ;  from  vvfKprj,  'the  clitoris,'  and 
itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Epiderrhi'tis,  In- 
Jiannna'tio  Clitor'idis.  Inflammation  of  the 
clitoris. 

NYMPHOCLUIA,  Nymphomania. 

NYMPIIOMA'NIA,  from  vt/j^;;.  'a  bride,'  and 
jiavta,  'fury;'  Furor  iilcri'nus,  i'teromu'nia,  Lag- 
iie'sis  furor  /eiiiini'nus,  3Ietronia'nia,  yEdoeogar'- 
galus,  jEdoeogaryaris' mus,  Thelygon'ia,  Erotonia'- 
iiia,  yEdaina' nia,  Aidoioiiia'nia,  Jfelancho'lia  ute- 
ri'na,  Nyiiiphocln'ia,  Synipto'ina  turpitu'dinis, 
Andromu'nia,  Gyno'coma' uia,  Jfachlos'yne,  Ente- 
lipathi'a,  Teiiti'yo  vene'rea,  Hysteroma'nia,  Sa- 
larj'itas  vulvcB,  I'teri  pruri'tus,  Brachu'na,  Aras'- 
con,  Arsa'tum,  (Estroinn'nia,  (F.)  Nyniphomanie, 
Fureur  uterine.  An  irresistible  and  insatiable 
desire,  in  females,  for  the  venereal  act.  It  occurs 
in  those  particularly,  who  possess  a  nervous  tem- 
perament, and  vivid  imagination,  especially  if 
excited  by  improper  language,  masturbation,  <fec. 
Its  course,  as  described,  is  as  follows.  In  the 
commencement,  the  sutTerer  is  a  prey  to  perpetual 
contests  between  feelings  of  modesty  and  im])etu- 
ous  desires.  At  an  after  period,  she  abandons 
herself  to  the  latter,  seeking  no  longer  to  restrain 
them.  In  the  last  stage  the  obscenity  is  disgust- 
ing ;  and  the  ment^il  alienation,  for  such  it  is, 
becomes  complete.  The  treatment  consists  in  the 
use  of  the  same  means  as  arc  required  in  the  sa- 
tyriasis of  man.  When  the  mental  alienation  is 
comph'te,  solitude  is  indispensable. 

NYMPIIOX'CUS.  from  vd/jV"?.  "tlie  nympha,' 
and  oyKoi,  'a  tumour.'  A  moruid  tumefaction  of 
the  nymphte. 

NYMPHOT'OMY,  Nymphotom'ia,  Nympha'- 
rum  Sec'tio,  (F.)  Ni/mphuiomie,  from  wfiipri,  and 


NYPIIOZANTHUS   VULGARIS      640 


OBLIQUE 


Ttftvetv,  'to  cut.'  An  operation,  known  and  prac- 
tised for  a  long  time,  which  consists  in  the  exci- 
sion of  the  nyinphaB.  The  operation  is  had  re- 
course to,  when  they  are  attacked  with  scirrhus, 
cancer,  fungus,  or  gangrene ;  or  when  they  are 
so  large  as  to  interfere  with  walking  or  coition. 
Njjrii]ih()tomy  is  the  circumcision  of  the  female. 
It  is  practised  in  some  countries. 


Some  authors  have  used  the  term  Nijmpliotomy 
for  amputation  of  the  clitoris. 

NYPHOZANTllUS  VULGARIS,  Nymphsea 
lutea. 

NySTAG'MUS.  A  partial  rotatory  movement 
of  the  eyeball  from  side  to  side.  Also,  Coma 
vigil. 

NYXIS,  Puncture. 


0. 


OAK,  BLACK,  Quercus  tinctoria — o.  Common, 
Quercus  robur — o.  Jerusalem,  Chenopodium 
botrys. 

Oak  Lungs,  Lichen  pulmonarius. 

Oak  Orchard  Acid  Spuings.  These  springs 
— eight  in  number — are  in  Genesee  county.  New 
York,  eight  miles  from  Lockport.  They  are  acid 
salines,  consisting  of  free  sulphuric  acid,  sulphate 
of  protoxide  of  iron,  and  sulphates  of  alumina, 
magnesia  and  lime.  They  are  powerfully  astrin- 
gent and  tonic. 

Oak,  Poison,  Rhus  toxicodendron  —  o.  Red, 
Quercus  rubra  montana — o.  Sea,  Fucus  vesiculo- 
sus  —  o.  Spanish,  Quercus  rubra  montana  —  o. 
White,  Quercus  alba. 

OARIOCYESIS,  Pregnancy,  ovarian. 

OARION,  Ovary. 

OARION'CUS,  Ofiriophy'mn,  Ovn'rium  Ui'mi- 
dum,  Tumor  Ova'rii,  from  wapiov,  (diminutive  of 
biov,  'an  egg,')  'the  ovarium,' and  oycos, 'swell- 
ing.'    Ovarian  tumour. 

OARIOPARBC'TAMA,  Onphoraux'e,  from 
laapiov,  'ovarium,'  and  TrapcKTeivetv,  'to  extend.' 
Enlargement  of  the  ovary. 

OARIORRHEX'IS,  from  wapwv,  'ovarium,' 
and  f)(?^(f,  'rupture.'  Jiiiptn'i-a  Ova'rii.  Rupture 
of  the  ovary. 

OAPiIOT'OMY,  Oariotom'ia,  Ovariofom'tn, 
Ovarint'omy,  from  wapiov,  'the  ovarium,' and  ro/jri, 
'  incision.'  The  operation  for  removing  the  ovary. 

OARI'TIS,  Oophiifi'tis,  Oori'ds,  Iiiflanima'iio 
Ova'rii,  Ovari'tis,  (F.)  Injlnmniatioti  de  I'Qvaire, 
from  wapiov,  'the  ovarium,'  and  ilia,  the  termina- 
tion denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
ovarium.  When  occurring  in  childhood,  it  is  the 
Lochooplioritis  of  some. 

OARIUM,  Ovary. 

OARTHROC'ACE,  formed  by  contraction  from 
omo-arthrocace.  Said  to  be  used  by  Rust  to  de- 
signate inflammation  of  the  scapulo-humeral  ar- 
ticular surfaces. — Nysten. 

OATxMBAL,  see  Avena. 

OATS,  Avena. 

OBAUDITIO,  Baryecoia. 

OBAUDITUS,  Baryecoia. 

OBC^CATIO,  Cajcitas. 

0BD0RMIT"IO,  from  ob,  and  dormfo,  dormi- 
tnm,  'to  sleep.'  The  state  of  the  limbs  being 
asleep  ; — Stupor  ar'tnum. 

OBDUCTIO  LEGALIS,  Autopsia  cadaverica 
legalis. 

OBEL^A  RAPHE,  Sagittal  suture. 

OBESITAS,  Polysarcia— o.  Colli,  Struma  adi- 
posa  —  o.  Nimia,  Pimelosis  —  o.  Viscerum,  Phys- 
conia  adiposa. 

OBESITE,  Pidysarcia. 

OBESITY,  Polysarcia. 

OBESUS,  Corpulent. 

OBFUSCATIO,  Amaurosis. 

OBITUS,  Death. 

OBJECT'IVE  CONE.     The  cone  of  light  pro- 


ceeding from  an  object,  the  apex  of  which  is  on 
the  object,  and  the  base  on  the  cornea. 

Objkctive  Sensations,  see  Sensation. 

OBLINITIO,  Inunction. 

OBLIQUE',  Obli'qntiK,  Any  thing  inclined,  or 
which  deviates  from  the  vertical  line.  Anato- 
mists have  given  this  name  to  certain  muscles, 
which  have  an  oblique  direction  as  regards  the 
plane  that  divides  the  body  into  two  equal  and 
symmetrical  halves.     These  are: — 

Oblique  Muscles  op  the  Abdomen.  They 
are  two  in  ntimber,  and  distinguished  into:  J. 
OLliqniis  Exter'nxis  Abdom'inia  seu  deeecii'detia 
exter'nus  seii  descendena  seu  major,  (F.)  Ilio-pubo 
coato-abdom' inal,  Coato-abdom'inal  (Ch.),  Grand 
oblique.  Oblique  externe.  One  of  the  broadest 
muscles  of  the  body.  It  is  situate  at  the  lateral 
and  anterior  part  of  the  abdomen  ;  and  is  flat  and 
quadrilateral.  It  is  attached,  above,  to  the  outer 
surface  and  lower  edge  of  the  7  or  8  last  ribs: 
below,  to  the  anterior  third  of  the  external  lip  of 
the  crista  ilii :  before,  it  terminates  at  the  linea 
alba  by  means  of  a  broad  and  strong  aponeurosis, 
which  covers  the  rectus,  and  presents  towards  its 
inferior  part  two  very  solid  filirous  fasciculi, 
which  are  inserted, — the  one  at  the  symphysis, 
the  other  at  the  spine  of  the  pubis,  —  under  the 
name  of  PiUnra  of  the  Abdominal  Jlinrf.  These 
pillars  leave  between  thein  an  opening,  which 
forms  the  inferior  orifice  of  the  inguinal  canal. 
The  obliquus  externus  abdominis  depresses  the 
ribs,  and  carries  them  backwards  during  a  strong 
expiration.  It  impresses  on  the  chest  a  move- 
ment of  rotation,  and  bonds  the  thorax  upon  the 
pelvis,  and  conversely.  It  contracts,  also,  tlie  ab- 
dominal cavity.  2.  Obliqnns  luter'nua  Abdomi- 
nis seu  aacendena  seu  minor  seu  ii\fe.runa  seu 
aecendens  intern iia,  Ifua' cuius  accli'vis,  (F.)  llin- 
lombo-coato-nbdominal,  llio-abdominal  (Ch.),  J/((»- 
cle  petit  oblique  ou  oblique  interne,  is  broad,  espe- 
cially before;  thin,  and  irregul.iriy  quadrihiteral, 
like  the  preceding,  beneath  which  it  is  situate. 
It  is  attached,  above,  to  the  inferior  edge  of  the 
cartilages  of  the  6th,  4th,  .Sd.  and  2d  false  ril)s; 
below,  to  the  anterior  two-thirds  of  the  interstice 
of  the  crista  ilii,  to  the  posterior  part  of  the  crural 
arch,  and  to  the  pubis;  behind,  to  the  spinous 
processes  of  the  last  two  lumbar  vertebrae,  and  to 
those  of  the  first  two  portions  of  the  sacrum  ;  be- 
fore, to  the  linea  .alba.  Its  upper  fibres  run  obli- 
quely upwards  and  forwards;  the  middle  are 
horizontal;  and  the  lower  pass  obliquely  down- 
wards and  forwards. 

These  last,  in  the  male,  are  dragged  down 
through  the  inguinal  ring,  when  the  testicle  de- 
scends, and  form  the  two  fasciculi  of  the  cre- 
master. 

The  obliquus  internus  resembles  the  0.  exter- 
nus in  function. 

Oblique  Muscles  of  the  Eye,  Amato'rii,  Clr- 
cumagen'tes,  liotato'rea  Oc'idi,  are  two  in  number. 


OBLIQUE  EXTE R XE 


641 


OBTURATOR 


Thoy  arc  distinguished  into:  1.  Oil iqitun  Superior 
Ociili,  Amnio' riiti  iiiun'cii/iii,  Travhleii' rlii,   Troch- 
lea'toi;  OljtiqKHH  ninjor,  Virciiiiiditclio'iiis  op'i/ex, 
Li>n'ji»'fiiiiiiii  oc'iili,  (¥.)  Ojtticn-tidclilei  scleroli- 
cieii,  (Jifdid  trocliledteur  (Ch.),  Grand  obliijue  rfe 
I'wil,  0.  mipcrleitr  de  I'd'il,  Amoureux  (Miincie,)  is 
situate  at  the  inner  and  upper  part  of  tVie  orbit. 
It  is  suiall,  round,  fusiform,  and  reflected  upon 
itself  in  the  middle  of  its  course.     IJehind,  it  is 
attached  to  the  insi<ie  of  the  foramen   opticum  : 
and  when  it  arrives  opi>osite  the  internal  orhitar 
process,  it  becomes  a  small,  round  tendon,  which 
slides  in  a  cartilaginous    pulley  fixed  to  the  os 
frontis,  and  is  reflected,  at  an  acute  angle,  to  pro- 
ceed  downwards    and    outwards,   and    to  attach 
itself  to  tlic  outer  and  back  part  of  the  <;lobe  of 
the  eye.    This  muscle  carries  the  globe  of  the  eye 
forwards  and  inwards;   making  it  experience  a 
movetnent  of  rotation,  which    directs   the  pupil 
downwards  and  inwards.     This  is  cooceived  to  be 
an  involuntary  muscle  as  well  as   the  next.     In 
Bleep,  according  to  Sir  C.  Bell,  when  the  power 
over   the    straight  or  voluntary  muscles  of  the 
organ  is  nearly  lost,  the  eye  is  given   up  to  the 
obliiiue  muscles,  which  lodge  the  transparent  cor- 
nea under  the  upper  eyelid.     At  the  ni)proach  of 
death,  the  same  thing  is  observable;  hence,  the 
turning  up  of  the  eye,  at  such   time,  is  not  an 
evidence  of  agony  or  sufl'ering,  but  of  insensibi- 
lity.     2.  Ohli'qinis  Iiife'rior  seu   niiiinr  acidi,  (F.) 
Moxlllo-Hcleroticieii,     Pcti't      Tiochleiiteur     (Ch.), 
I'etit  oblique  ou  oblique  iuferieur  de  I'ofil,  is  situ- 
ate at  the  anterior  and  inferior  part  of  the  orbit. 
It  is  flat  and  attached  to  the  inner  and  anterior 
part  of  the  orbitar  surface  of  the  superior  maxil- 
lary bone,  on  the  outside  of  the  lachrymal  gutter; 
from  thence  it  passes  outwards  and  backwards, 
and  tciminates  by  an  aponeurosis,  at  the  poste- 
rior and  inner  part  of  the  globe  of  the  ej-e.     It 
carries  the  globe  of  the  ej'e  inwards  and  forwards  ; 
and  directs  the  pupil  upwards  and  outwards. 

Ou[,iQUK  Muscles  of  tiih  JIkaii.  These  are 
two  in  number.  1.  Ohliquux  Superior  seu  viitior 
Cap'itis,  (F.)  Trncheln-titlo'ido-occipilal,  Atloido- 
tous-iutistiiidien  (Ch.),  Muncle  oblique  supfrienr  ou 
petit  oblique  de  la  tele.  This  muscle  is  situate  at 
the  sides  of,  and  behind,  the  articulation  of  the 
head:  it  is  flat  and  attached,  on  the  one  hand,  to 
the  top  of  the  transverse  process  of  the  atlas  ;  and, 
on  the  other,  terminates  at  the  occipital  bone,  be- 
neath the  inferior  curved  line,  and  sometimes, 
also,  at  the  mastoid  region  of  the  temporal  bone. 
It  extends  the  head, — inclining  it  to  one  side.  2. 
Ohliquus  Inferior  Oitpllin,  Obliquns  major,  (F.) 
Spini-a.ro'ido-traehfli-dllindieii,  Axoido-otloidifn 
(Ch.),  Oblique  iii/erieur  ou  grand  oblique  de  la 
tele,  is  situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  neck 
and  head.  It  is  round,  fusiform  ;  attached  to  the 
spinous  process  of  the  axis,  and  proceeds  to  ter- 
minate behind  and  below  the  summit  of  the  trans- 
verse process  of  the  atlas.  It  impresses,  on  the 
first  vertebra  and  the  head,  a  movciuent  of  rota- 
tion, which  turns  the  face  to  one  side. 
Obi.iqi'k  Pkocksses.  see  Vertebra?. 
OBLIt^UE  EXTERXE,  Obliquus  externus 
abdominis  —  o.  Grand,  Obliquus  externus  abdo- 
minis—  o.  Grand  de  Va-il.  Obliquus  superior  ocu- 
li  —  0.  Grand  de  la  tele,  Obliquus  inferior  capitis 
—  o.  Inferieur  de  Voeil,  Obliquus  inferior  oeuli  — 
0,  Infirieur  de  la  tete,  Obliquus  inferior  capitis — 
o.  Interne,  Obliquus  internus  abdominis — o.  Petit, 
Obliquus  internus  abdominis —  o.  Petit  de  I'ceil, 
Obliquus  inferior  oculi — o.  Petit  de  la  tele,  Obli- 
quus superior  oculi — o.  Snphirur  de  I'a'il,  Obli- 
quus superior  oculi — o.  Superienr  de  la  tete,  Obli- 
quus superior  capitis. 

OliLIQVlTE  DE  LA  MATRICE,  Retrover- 
sio  uteri. 
OBLIQUUS  ASCENDENS,  0.  internus  nbdo- 
41 


minis  —  o.  Auris,  Laxator  tj-mpani  —  o.  Descen- 
dens  externus,  0.  externus  abdominis — o.  Major, 
0.  externus  abdominis,  0.  inferior  cajiitis,  0.  su- 
perior oculi — o.  Minor,  0.  internus  abdominis  — 
o.  Minor  capitis,  0.  superior  capitis  —  o.  Minor 
oculi,  0.  inferior  oculi. 

OBLIT'ERATED,  Oblitera'tua ;  from  oblile- 
rnre,  (ob,  and  lllera,)  'to  efface.'  A  vessel  or 
duct  is  said  to  be  obliterated,  when  its  parictes 
have  approximated  and  contracted  such  an  adhe- 
sion to  each  other  that  the  cavity  has  completely 
diappeared. 

OBLITERATIO  COMPLETA,  Ilapantismus. 
OBLIVIO,  Amnesia — o.  Iners,  Lethargy. 
OBLOBIUM,  Antilobium. 
OB'OLUS,  OnidoHot.  A  weight  of  9  or  1 0  grains. 
OBSCffiN.*;  PARTES,  Genital  organs. 
OBSCURCISSEMENT DE  LA  VUE,  Caligo. 
OBSERVA'TION,    Obxerva'tio,   (from  ob.  and 
servare,  nervatum,  'to  keej),'  e.  g.  in  sight.)     Tere'- 
hIh,  Si/Niparalere'sis.     Act  of  examining  a   thing 
by  means   of  the  external  senses.     This  word  is 
employed  in   several  acceptations.     It  expresses 
—  1.  The  action  of  observing  —  2.  The  aggregate 
of  knowledge,  afforded  by  observation.    In  French 
— luit  not  in  English  —  it  means  the  cane  or  his- 
tory of  the  phenomena  presented  by  a  patient  in 
the  course  of  a  disease. 

OBSERVATION,  Case  — o.  Method  of,  Nu- 
merical method. 

OBSTET'RIC,  Obstet'ricus,  Obxtefrical ;  same 
etymon  as  obstetrics.  Relating  or  appertaining 
to  obstetrics, — as  'obstetric  auscultation,'  'obstet- 
ric exploration,'  <fec. 

OiisTF.Titir  Chatr,  Labour-chair. 
OBSTETRIC ANS,  Accoucheur. 
OBSTET'RieS,  from  Obstetri.r,  'a  midwife.' 
(obHlare,ob,  and  utare,  'to  stand  before.')  Tid.-ol'- 
or/y,  TocoV oijy ,  Maiei'a,  Macei'a,  Maei'a,  Maeeu'- 
fica  am,  Am  obf<lfilric"ia,  Obnlet'ricy,  (F.)  06- 
Klflrique.  The  art  of  midwifery.  Midwifery 
in  gencr.al. 

OBSTETRICY,  Obstetrics. 
OnSTETRlQ UE,  Obstetrics. 
OBSTETRIX,  Midwife. 

OBSTIPATIO,  Constipation— 0.  Tenesmus, 
Tenesmus. 

Obstipatio,  see  Hump. 

OBSTIPITAS,  Torticollis— 0.  Capitis  seu  Colli, 
Torticollis. 

OBSTRUCTIO,  Emphraxis,  Stegnosis— o.  Al- 
vi.  Constipation  —  o.  Ductfls  Alimentarii,  Consti- 
pation—  o.  Uuctfls  Stenoniani,  Stcnostenosis  — 
o.  Intestinalis,  Constipation — o.  Recti  Spastica, 
Stricture  of  the  Rectum,  spasmodic  —  o.  Pulmo- 
num  pituitosa  fcbrilis.  Peripneumonia  notlia. 

OBSTRUCTION  OF  THE  INTESTINES, 
Enteremphraxis. 

OB'STRUENS,  from  obstmo,  (oh,  andstmere, 
'to  build.)  '  I  stop  up  by  building  against.'  Op- 
pilati'mi.  A  medicine  which  closes  the  orifices 
of  ducts  or  vessels. 

OBSTUPEFACIENTIA,  Narcotics. 
OB  TON  DA  XT.  Obtundens. 
OBTRUNCATIO,  Decollation. 
OBTUMESCENTIA,  Mutitas. 
OBTUN'BENS,   (F.)    Obtondanf,    from   obfnn. 
dere,  (ob  and  tuudere,  '  to  beat,')  '  to  beat  against,' 
and  therefore  to  blunt  the  edge.     An  epithet  ap- 
plied to  remedies  that  were  supposed,  according 
to  an  erroneous  theory,  to  be  possessed  of  the 
power  of  blunting  the  acrimony  of  the  humours. 
A  demulcent  is  one  of  these. 

OBTUR AMENTUM.  Emphragma. 
OBTURA  TEUR,  Obturator. 
OBTURATEUR  DU  PALAIS,  Palate,  arti- 
ficial. 

OBTURATTO.  Emphraxis. 

OBTURA'TOR,  Obturato'rim,  (F.)  Ohturateur, 


OBTURATOR   ARTERY 


642 


OCCIPITAL 


from  obturare,  (akin  to  ^vpa,  'a  cloor,'[?])  'to 
i-lose,'  '  stop  up  the  entrance.'  A  name  given  in 
anatomy,  to  several  parts. 

Obtuhator  Artery,  Artert'a  ohlnmto'rtn  sen 
iihtitra'tiix,  {¥.)  Sons-piibio feiiionile  (Ch.),  Artere 
iihliiratrice,  arises,  most  commonly,  from  tlie  by- 
p  >gastric.  It  is,  however,  frequently  given  off 
from  the  epigastric;  a  matter  of  importance  to  be 
ilt'termineil  in  cases  of  femoral  hernia.  Of  500 
o^iturator  arteries  examined  by  M.  J.  Cloquet, 
;;  to  were  furnished  by  the  hypogastric,  and  152 
by  the  epigastric  or  crural.  When  it  arises  from 
tlie  hypogastric,  it  passes  forwards  and  outwards, 
and  then  turns  horizontally  into  the  cavity  of  the 
})elvis,  to  issue  from  this  cavity  by  the  opening 
left  at  tlie  upper  part  of  the  obturator  membrane. 
^Vhen,  on  tlie  contrary,  the  obturator  artery 
arises  from  the  epigastric  or  the  crural,  it  de- 
scends obliquely  inwards,  behind  the  os  pubis, 
to  the  obturator  foramen.  At  its  exit  from  the 
pelvis,  the  artery  divides  into  two  branches,  a 
poHterior  and  an  anterior,  which  are  distri.buted 
to  the  muscles  of  the  anterior  and  superior  part 
of  the  thigh. 

Obtura'tor  Fora'mek,  Fora'men  Ohtnrato'- 
rlitin  seu  obtiira'tum  seu  infra-pubia'niim  seu 
ov(t'le  seu  tJn/roideum  seu  Thyro'i'dcs  seu  Amphim 
Pelvis,  (F.)  Troll  soim-piibieii.  A  large  opening, 
of  an  oval  or  triangular  form,  in  the  anterior  part 
of  the  OS  innoniinatum.  on  the  outside  of  the  sym- 
jihysis  pubis  and  beneath  the  horizontal  ramus 
of  the  OS  pubis.  This  foramen  is  closed  by  a 
membranous  ligament. 

Obturator  Ligament  or  Membraxr,  SkI- 
piihic  membrane,  is  a  fibrous  membrane,  fixed  to 
the  whole  circumference  of  the  obturator  fora- 
men, except  above,  where  an  opening  remains  for 
the  passage  of  the  vessels  and  nerves  of  the  same 
name. 

Obturator  Muscles,  Obtnrato'res,  Rotatn'res 
feni'oris.  These  are  two  in  number.  They  are 
divided  into 

a.  Obturator  E.cter'nus,  Extra-pelrio-piihi-fro- 
Lliiiiiterieii,  S'liis-jinbio-trochnnterien  externe  (Ch.) 
A  muscle,  situate  at  the  anterior  and  inner  part 
of  the  thigh.  It  is  broad,  flat,  and  triangular; 
and  is  attached,  on  the  one  hand,  to  the  anterior 
surface  of  the  os  pubis,  to  that  of  the  ischium, 
and  to  the  anterior  surface  of  the  obturator  liga- 
ment. Its  fleshy  fibres  converge  to  the  tendon, 
which  proceeds  to  be  inserted  at  the  inferior  part 
of  the  cavity  of  the  great  trochanter.  This  mus- 
cle rotates  the  thigh  outwards. 

b.  Obturator  Fitter' mm,  j\far>siipia'liii,  Biir>in'li», 
Intra -pel  rio-troch.aiiterieii,  Sona-pnbio-lrnchante- 
rien  interne  (Ch.)  is  seated,  almost  entirely,  in  the 
jielvis.  It  arises  from  the  inner  surface  of  the 
obturator  ligament,  and  from  the  posterior  part 
of  the  circumference  of  the  obturator  foramen, 
and  is  inserted,  by  means  of  a  strong  tendon, 
running  between  the  two  portions  of  the  getnini, 
into  the  cavity  at  the  root  of  the  great  trochan- 
ter; after  having  turned  upon  the  ischium,  which 
firms  for  it  a  kind  of  pulley.  This  muscle  also 
rotates  the  thigh  outwards. 

Obturator  Nerve,  Sonn-puhlo-femoral,  (Ch.), 
proceeds  principally  from  the  2d  and  3d  lumbar 
nerves.  It  descends  into  the  pelvis;  gains  the 
obturator  foramen  ;  gives  branches  to  the  i>btu- 
rator  muscles,  and  divides,  behind  the  abductor 
primus  and  pectinalis,  into  two  branches;  one 
anterior,  whose  branches  are  distributed  to  the 
first  two  adductors,  gracilis,  and  integuments; 
the  other,  poxterior,  distributing  its  ramifications 
to  the  obturator  externus  and  third  adductor. 

Obturator  Vein  has,  ordinarily,  the  same  ar- 
ranjrementas  the  artery.  It  is  common,  however, 
to  find  it  arising  from  the  epigastric;  whilst  the 


corresponding  artery  proceeds  from  the  hypogas- 
tric, and  conversely. 

The   term  obtnrator,  (F.)  Obliiralrtir,  is,  nlso, 
applied  to  an   in.strumcnt,  adni)te(l  for  closing  aa 
opening  caused  by  a  wound  or  disease. 
OirrURATOUES,  Obturator  muscles. 
OBVOLVEXTIA,  Demulcents. 
OCA.  Oxalis  tuberosa. 
OCCiECATIO,  Ciecitas. 

OCCIP'ITAL,    Occipita'lis.     That   which  be 
longs  to  the  occiput. 

Occipital  Artkry.  This  arises  from  the  po?. 
terior  part  of  the  external  carotid,  beneath  the 
parotid.  It  proceeds  backwards,  passes  between 
the  mastoid  process  and  the  transverse  process 
of  the  atlas;  reaches  the  occipital  bone  and  di- 
vides into  two  brandies,  which  may  be  called 
ascending  posterior  and  anterior,  and  are  distri- 
buted to  the  ncighl)ouring  muscles  and  ligaments. 
Occip'ital  Bonk,  Oi  occip'itiH  seu  oecipit'ii  seu 
occipita'le  seu  spheno-basila're  seu  wemo'ria:  seu 
nervo'nnm  seu  baiiila're  seu  prorw  feu  pi/.r'idiii  seu 
nextiiin  cra'iiii  seu  lanibdoi'des  seu  lambda  seu 
laiidcB  seu  pnppis  seu  iiertu/mitn  seu  fibro'siim  seu 
pelvicephal'iciim,  (F.)  On  occipital,  is  situate  at 
j  the  posterior  and  inferior  part  of  the  cranium, 
which  it  assists  in  forming.  It  is  flat,  symmetri- 
cal; and  curved  upon  itself.  It  presents,  1.  An 
occipital  or  posterior  surface,  which  is  convex, 
and  has,  upon  the  median  line,  tlie  basilarij  sur- 
face, the  foramen  maginnn,  through  which  passes 
the  spinal  marrow  with  its  membranes  and  ves- 
sels,— the  external  occipital  crest,  the  external  oc- 
cipital protiiberance ;  and,  at  the  sides,  the  upper 
curved  line,  large  roiiijh  arched  ridi/e  or  traiisrerse 
arch  or  linea  aemicirciilaris,  the  lower  curved  line, 
the  posterior  condyloid  fossa,  the  condyles  for  the 
articulation  of  this  bone  with  the  atlas;  and  the 
anterior  condyloid  fossm,  pierced  by  a  fornnicn 
for  the  passage  of  the  ninth  pair  of  nerves.  2.  A 
cerebral  or  anterior  surface.  On  the  median  line 
are:  the  basilary  fosses,  the  inner  orifice  of  the 
foramen  magnum,  the  internal  occipital  crest,  the 
internal  occipital  protuberance,  the  crui-ifiirm 
spine  ;  a  channel,  which  lodges  the  terniiniition 
of  the  straight  sinus,  and  on  each  side,  tlie  occi- 
pital fossa:,  distinguished  into  superior  or  cere- 
bral, and  inferior  or  cerebellous,  and  separated  by 
a  groove  which  lodges  the  lateral  sinus.  3.  The 
surfaces  of  the  oecijiital  bone  are  separated  by 
four  ridges  and  four  angles.  The  two  superior 
edges  are  articulated  with  the  parietal  bones;  the 
two  lower  join  the  temporal ;  and  the  anterinr 
angle,  under  the  name  basilary  process,  is  united 
to  the  sphenoid. 

The  occipital  bone  is  developed  from  four 
points  of  ossification :  and  sometimes  from  a 
greater  number. 

Occii'iTAL  Muscle,  Occipita'lis.  Many  ana- 
tomists have  given  this  name  to  the  posterior 
fasciculus  of  the  occipito-frontalis. 

OCCII'ITAL  Nerve,  Sub-occipital  nerve,  {J.) 
Premiere  poire  trnchelieniie  (Ch.),  Nerf  occipitul 
ou  sous  occipital.  It  arises  from  the  upper  \mi 
of  the  spinal  marrow  by  eight  or  ten  filaments, 
united  in  two  fasciculi.  Thus  formed,  it  passes 
between  the  foramen  magnum  and  the  posteri'T 
arch  of  the  atlas;  and,  at  this  place,  forms  a  long 
ganglion,  afterwards  dividing  into  two  branch'^. 
Of  these,  the  anterior,  which  is  long  and  small, 
makes  a  turn  above  the  transverse  process  of  tlio 
atlas  and  forms  an  anastomotic  noose  with  a 
branch  of  the  second  cervical  nerve.  The /*'-«'';- 
rior  branch,  larger  and  shorter,  divides  into  seven 
or  eight  branches,  which  are  distributed  to  tlio 
muscles  of  the  upper  and  back  part  of  the  neck. 
Occipital  Rf.oion,  Occiput. 
Occipital  Vrin.  Its  roots  follow  exactly  the 
course  of  the  branches  of  the  artery,  and  unite 


OCCIPITIUM 


643 


OCYTOCUS 


into  a  single  trunk,  which  opens  into  the  internal 
insular  vein,  and  sometimes  into  the  external. 
OCCIPITIUM,  Oc-iput. 

OCCII"ITO-AT'LOID,  Occipito-nlloideus,  (F.) 
Occipito-athnfllen.  That  which  has  reference  to 
the  occiput  and  atlas. 

Oi'Cipito-Atloid  Articulation  is  the  articn- 
litiiin  of  the  condyles  of  the  occipital  bone  with 
the  sui)cri<)r  articular  cavities  of  the  atlas.  It  is 
strengthened  by  two  ligaments  ;  the  one  anterior, 
the  other  poxterior,  called  occipito-citloid  liyi' 
wtitu:  the  one  extends  from  the  anterior,  the 
other  from  the  posterior,  arch  of  the  atlas,  to  the 
(•orrespon<ling  portion  of  the  circumference  of  the 
fiirnnien  miignum. 

OCCIP'ITO-AX'OID,  Occipito-axoidens,  (F.) 
Occipito-a.roidieii.  That  which  relates  to  the 
occipital  bone  and  the  axis  or  second  vertebra.. 

OcciPiTO-AXOiD  Articui-atiox  is  the  connex- 
ion of  the  occipital  bone  with  the  axis  or  second 
vertebra,  although  these  bones  are  not  really  ar- 
ticulated, but  are  merely  retained  in  appos^ition 
by  three  strong  ligaments,  the  posterior  of  which 
is  called  the  occipito-axoid,  and  the  two  others 
odontoid, 

OCCIPITO-FRONTA'LTS,  Dirjas'tricna  era'- 
liii,  Epicra'niiin,  Fronta'lis  et  ocilpitalis.  The 
iiiiijority  of  anatomists  call  by  this  name  the 
whole  of  the  fleshy  plane,  with  the  epicranial  or 
coronal  aponeurosis,  (see  Ctdot/e,)  which  covers 
the  head  from  the  occiput  to  the  forehead.  It  is 
attached,  by  its  posterior  fasciculus,  to  the  two 
outer  thirds  of  the  upper  curved  line  of  the  occi- 
pital hone,  and  to  tho  outer  surface  of  the  mas- 
toid portion  of  the  temporal  ;  and,  by  its  anterior 
fasciculus,  it  terminates  at  the  eyebrow,  where  it 
becomes  confounded  with  the  superciliaris,  pyra- 
miiliilis  nasi,  and  orbicularis  palpebrarum. 

The  occipito-frontalis,  by  the  contraction  of  its 
anterior  fasciculus,  draws  forward  a  part  of  the 
integuments  of  the  cranium.  It  wrinkles  the 
skin  of  the  forehead  transversely,  and  may,  also 
contribute  to  open  the  eye  by  its  decussation  with 
the  orbicularis  palpebrarum.  The  posterior  fas- 
ciculus of  the  muscle  draws  backwards  a  part  of 
the  skin  of  the  cranium,  and  assists  in  stretching 
the  common  aponeurosis. 

OCCIP'ITO-MENINGE'AL.  That  which  be- 
longs to  the  occipital  bone,  and  to  the  meninge 
or  dura  mater. 

OcciPiTO-MKNiNGKAL  AnTEnv,  in  Chaussier's 
nomenclature,  is  a  branch  of  the  vertebral,  given 
off  to  the  dura  mater  at  its  entrance  into  the 
criiniuin. 

OCCIPUT,  Occipil'iiim  (nh,  and  caput).  Eegio 
(ircipita'lis,  III' inn,  0pi8thnrra'ninm,0pi>^thoceph' - 
idon,  Ifi/Hterocra'tilum,  Prom,  Occipi'tium.  The 
buck  part  of  the  head,  formed  by  the  occipital 
bone. 
Occiput,  Soft,  Craniotabes. 
OCCLU'SION,  Occlii'sio,  Ml/re,  from  occht- 
dure.  ncchiKnni,  '  to  shut  up.'  Sometimes  this 
word  signifies,  simply,  the  transient  approxima- 
tion of  the  eilges  of  a  natural  opening  —  the  or- 
rhmion  of  the  eyelids,  for  example;  at  otiiors  it 
is  synonymous  with  imperforation,  as  occlunion 

(if  tile  pupil,  rnqinn,  &e. 

'  OCCULT  DISEASES,  see  Latent. 

OCEAN  SPRINGS,  sec  Mississippi,  Mineral 
waters  of. 

OCIIEM.A.  Vehicle. 

OCMIRTEU.MATA,  Nares. 

OtMlETOS.  Ci.nal. 

0(MIEr.>^.  Scrotum. 

O'^'IILE'SIS,  from  o;;^;Xof,  'a  crowd.'  A  term, 
fippliod  by  Dr.  George  Gregory  to  a  morbid  con- 
dition induced  by  the  crowding  together  of  sick 
persons  under  one  roof. 

OCllllEA  RUBU.\,  naematites. 


OCTTRIASIS.  Palene.«s. 
OCIIROMA,  Paleness. 
OCIIKOPYRA,  Fever,  yellow. 
OCIIROTES.  Paleness. 
OCIIROTYPIIUS.  Fever,  yellow. 
GCMTHIASIS,  xMollascum. 
OCIITIIODES,  Callous. 
OCIMUM  ADSCENDENS,  0.  Basilicnm. 
Oci'ml'm  Basil'iciim,  0.  ndscen'devn  seu  pilo'- 
mim   seu  raceino'snm   seu   citi-a'tnm,  Beren'daros, 
Ranil'icinn,  B.   majiis   seu   citr^i'tiim.   Common    or 
Citron   baiil,  (F.)  Banilic  comnnin  ;  iZ/cifiov,  from 
uiKi'i,   'swift,'   owing   to   its   swift  growth.      Xot. 
Ord.  LabiatiB.      Sex.  Si/st.  Didynamia   Gymno- 
spcrmia.     This  herb  has  a  fragrant    odour    and 
aromatic  taste.     It  is  used  as  a  condiment,  and 
has  been  supposed  to  possess  nervine  properties. 

Ori>fUM  Cahvophylla'tum,  0.  jniji'immn, 
Siii/il/  or  Ilnsli  hrixil.  Possesses  properties  similar 
to  the  former.     It  is  sometimes  used  as  snuff. 

OcuMtTM  CiTRATiuf,  0.  Bnsilieum  —  o.  Pilosum, 
0.  Bnsilieum — o.  Racetnosum.  0.  Basilicum. 

OCOTEA  AMARA,  Nectandra  cymbnrum — o. 
CymVinrum.  Nectandra  cyinliarum — o.  Pichurim, 
see  Pichurim  beans  —  o.  Puehury,  see  Pichurim 
beans. 

OCllEA,  Hippocampus  minor.  Shin. 

OCTA'NA,  Ilehdowodn'ria.  Frhris  hehdoma- 
da'rin,  from  octo.  '  eight.'  A  fever  whose  paro.t- 
ysms  recur  every  week  ; — a  supposititious  case. 

OCTA'RIUS.  A  pint.  The  eighth  part  of  a 
wine-gallon.  Same  etymon.  It  contains  six- 
teen fluidounees  (Ph.  U.  S.), — 20  fluidounces  im- 
perial measure. 

OCTOPUS,  Synapheocephalus,  Hemipages. 

OCTUNX,  from  octn,  'eight,'  and  uucia,  ' an 
ounce.'     A  weight  of  eight  ounces. 

OCULAR,  Orvla'ris,  {F.)  Oeulaire,  from  ocu- 
ItiK.  'an  eye.'     Of  or  belonging  to  the  eye. 

OcuLAU  CoNR.  The  cone  formed  witliin  the 
eye  by  a  pencil  of  rays  proceeiling  from  an  ob- 
ject;  the  base  of  the  cone  being  on  the  cornea, 
— the  apex  on  the  retina. 

OCULARES  COMMUNES,  Motorcs  oculornm 
— o.  Deutes.  Canine  teeth. 

OCULARIA,  Euphrasia  officinalis. 

OCULT  MARMARYGODES.  Metamorphop- 
sia  —  o.  Palpebrarum  scabies  pruriginosa.  Oph- 
thalmia tnrsi. 

OCULIST,  Ornlix'ta,  Oplitlialmin'ter,  Med'iens 
oeiila'riiis  seu  oplithal' miens,  from  ocnhm,  'an 
eye.'  One  who  occupies  himself,  chiefly,  with  the 
manau'euient  of  diseases  of  the  eye. 

OCf'fJSTfQI'K.  Ophtbalm.dosrv. 

OCl'LO-.MUSCULAR  NERVES,  COM.MON, 
Motores  oculorum. 

OCULUM  MOVENS  PRIMUS,  Rectus  inter- 
nus  oouli  —  o.  Movens  quartos,  Rectus  inferior 
oculi — o.  Movens  secundus,  Rectus  externus  oculi 
— o.  Movens  tertius.  Rectus  superior  oculi. 

OCULIIS.  Eye— -o.  Bovinus.  Hydrophthalmia 

—  o.  Bovis.  Chrysantlicmum  leucanthemum  —  o. 
Bubulus,  Hydrophthalmia — o.  C.Tsius,  Glaucoma 

—  o.  Duplex,  Binoculus  —  o.  Elepbantinus,  Hy- 
droplithalniia — o.  Genu,  Patella — o.  Lacrymans, 
Epiphora  —  o.  Purulentus,  Hypopyon — o.  Sim- 
plex, see  Monoculus — o.  Typhonis,  Scilla. 

OCYMU.M,  see  Ocimum  —  o.  Sylvcstre,  Clino- 
podinm  vulsare. 

OCYODYNIC.  Ocytocic. 

OCYPH'ONUS,  from  ukv<.  'quick.'  and  (poioi, 
'murder.'     An  agent  that  kills  speedily. 

OCYTOCEUS.  Ocytocic. 

OCYTOCIC,  Orjiloeic.  Or,/tnc'e>(f,  Ort/toe'infi, 
Ori/l'oeiis.  Oei/i'di/'nic.  ()dinn(/o'(/nK,  from  ofiif, 
'quick,'  and  tokoc,  'labour.'  Any  thing  that  ex- 
pedites purturition. 

OCYTOCIUS.  Ocvtocio. 

OCYTOCUS,  Ocytocic. 


OD 


644 


ODONTRYrr 


OD.  A  term,  employed  by  Reiehenbach  to 
designate  an  "  effective  force,"  which,  according 
to  him,  not  only  manifests  itself  in  contact  with 
man,  as  in  the  case  of  magnets,  crystals,  the 
hands,  &c.,  but,  also,  at  distances,  as  from  the 
sun,  moon,  and  stars  —  indeed  from  all  matter. 
Such  a  force  is  termed  by  him  odic. 

ODAXIS'MUS,  Odaxei'miis,  Odontocve'sis, 
Odoyitocnes'nuo,  oia^rjcr/jioq;  a  sensation  of  biting 
or  pricking,  as  that  in  the  gums  which  precedes 
the  appearance  of  the  teeth. 

ODES.     A  suffix,  see  Eidos. 

ODEUR,  Odour. 

ODIC,  see  Od. 

ODIX,  Pains,  (labour.) 

ODINAGOGUS,  Ocytocic. 

ODINOL'YSIS,  from  oiiv,  'labour  pains,'  and 
^uffif,  'solution.'     Mitigation  of  labour  pains. 

ODINOPCE'A,  from  oiiv,  'labour  pains,'  and 
Touui,  'I  make.'  Agents  that  encourage  labour 
pains. 

ODTS.  Pains,  labour. 

ODMR,  Odour. 

ODONTAGOGON,  Dentagra. 

ODON'TAGRA,  from  obov^,  obovroi,  *a  tooth,' 
and  aypa,  'a  seizure.'  A  rheumatic  or  gouty 
pain  in  the  teeth.     Dentagra. 

ODONTAL'GIA,  from  obnvq,  obovro;,  'a  tcoth,' 
and  nXyiv?,  '  pain.'  Den'tinm  dolor,  Toothnrh, 
Odon'ti'n,  0.  doloi-o'in,  Gomjihi'anifi,  GompJiias'- 
inus,  0</o)ilnd)j)i'ia,  (F.)  Dunlciir  des  dents,  Flux- 
ion siir  fen  doits,  Mai  de  dent  ou  d'amour.  A  dis- 
ease dependent  upon  a  variety  of  causes  affecting 
the  cavity  of  the  tooth  ;  but  generally  owing  to 
caries,  which  exposes  the  cavity  to  the  action  of 
the  air,  and  to  extraneous  matters  in  general. 
Hence,  the  treatment  consists  in  plugging  the 
tooth,  or  destroying  the  sensihility  of  the  nerve 
by  powerful  stimulants  ;  and,  if  these  means  fail, 
in  extracting  the  tooth. 

Odontalgia  Cariosa,  Dental  gangrene — o. 
Dentitionis,  Dentition — o.  Hipmodia,  Ilirmodia. 

Odontalgia  Nunvo'sA,  Nenralr/ia  Denta'lis. 
Neuralgia  of  the  teeth.  Characterized  by  pe- 
riodical pain,  shooting  with  the  utmost  violence 
along  the  branches  of  the  fifth  pair  distributed  to 
the  affected  jaw. 

Odontalgia  Rkmittens  et  Intermittens, 
Keural'zia  infrn-orhitaria. 

ODONTALGIC,  Anti-odontalgic. 

ODONTAMRLYO(}MUS,  Hremodia. 

ODONTILTIMODIA,  na?modia. 

ODOXTIIARPAGA,  Dentagra. 

ODONTIIYPERiESTIIESIS,  Hcemodia. 

ODONTIA,  Odontalgia. 

Odon'tia  Drfor'mis.  Deformity  of  the  teeth 
from  error  of  shape,  position,  or  number. — Good. 

Odontia  Dentitionis  Lactantiitm,  see  Denti- 
tion (first) — o.  Dentitionis  puerilis,  see  Dentition 
(second)  —  o.  Edentula,  see  Nefrendes  —  o.  Ex- 
crescens.  Epulis — o.  Incrustans,  Odontolitbos — o. 
Stuporis,  Ha?modia. 

0D0NTIA8TS.  Dentition. 

ODONTIATER,  Dentist. 

ODONTIATRIA,  Dentistry. 

ODONTIC.  Anti-odontalgic. 

ODONTI'TLS,  Odovtophlefj'mone.  from  oSovg, 
oiovTog,  'a  tooth,'  and  iti's,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  teeth. 

ODONTOBOTHRI'TIS,  Odontopliatni'tis,  Tn- 
Jlammn'lio  alveolo'nim,  from  odonlobotfin'um, 
(oiovs,  o^ovTos,  'a  tooth,'  and  !3o!yf.iov,  'alveolus,') 
sind  itin,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  the  alveoli. 

ODONTOHOTHRIUM.  Alveolus. 

ODONTOCLA'.SIS,  from  o(5ou?,  o^ovrof,  'a 
tooth,'  and  K>.a(rii,  'fracture;  Fractn'ra  den'tis. 
Fracture  of  a  tooth. 

ODONTOCNESIS,  Odaxi.«mus. 


ODOXTOCNESMUS.  Odnxismus. 

ODONTODES.  Odontoid. 

ODONTODYNIA,  Odontalgia. 

0DONTOG"KNY,  Odontoijeu'ia,  from  oiovu 
oSovTos,  'a  tooth,'  and  yevcotf,  'generation.'  Ge- 
neration or  mode  of  development  of  the  teeth. 

ODONTOGLYPIION,  Dentiscalpium,  Gum 
lancet. 

ODONTOGLYPHUM,  Dentiscalpium,  Gum 
lancet. 

ODONTOG'RAPIIY,  Odontorjraph'ia,  from 
obovi,  oiovToi,  '  a  tooth,'  and  ypa<l>r),  '  a  description. 
A  description  of  the  teeth. 

ODON'TOID,  Odontoi'des,  Odonto'dm.  Dent!- 
forni'ls,  Dentd'Un,  DenlnidniK,  l^yreno'i'deH,  from 
olovi,  ohovTo%,  'a  tooth,'  and  £i(5oj,  'shape,'  're- 
semblance.' An  epithet  given  to  the  J'loccssiin 
dentntim  of  the  second  vertebra  or  axis. 

Odontoid  Lig'asirnts,  Li't/'ynien'tfi  (da'rin  sen 
3faiirhtn-'ti,  (F.)  Li(j<iinentii  odonlii'idienn,  sire  two 
strong  and  short  conical  fasciculi,  whose  trun- 
cated summits  embrace  the  sides  of  the  odontoid 
process,  and  whose  bases  are  fixed  in  the  fossa) 
at  the  inner  side  of  the  condyles  of  the  occijiital 
bone.  Their  direction  is  obliquely  outwards  and 
slightly  upwards.  They  enter  into  the  composi- 
tion of  the  o(oi)dto-axoid  articulation,  strengthen 
the  junction  of  the  head  with  the  vertebral 
column,  and  limit  ^he  movement  of  rotation  of 
the  atlas  on  the  axis. 

Other  ligamentous  fibres  pass  from  the  highest 
portion  of  the  processus  dentatus  to  the  anterior 
margin  of  the  foramen  magnum  of  the  occipital 
hone — eonstitutingthei)'<;'nHe/i'fH»i8H»/)f/i«o'i')i(m 
dentin. 

ODONTOL'ITHOS,  (F.)  OdontoUthe.  from 
oi5ot)j,  oi5oi'T05,  'a  tooth,' and  A(5o?,  'a  stone.'  A 
sort  of  incrustation,  of  a  yellowish  colour,  which 
forms  at  the  coronae  of  the  teeth,  and  is  called 
Tartar,  Tar'tiirnt  Den'tinm,  Odon'tia  inrrnn'tann, 
Cal'eulnn  dent'i'lin,  (P.)  Tavtre  den  dentn.  T.  den- 
taire.  It  consists  of  seventy-nine  parts  of  phos- 
phate of  lime;  twelve  and  a  half  of  mucus:  one 
of  a  particular  salivary  matter,  and  seven  and  a 
half  of  animal  substance,  soluble  in  chlorohydric 
acid.  A  species  of  infusoria,  Denlic'ola  hom'inis, 
has  been  found  in  it. 

ODONTOL'OOY,  OdnnloJog"ia.  from  o^owf, 
oiovToi,  'a  tooth,'  and  }>oyoi.  'a  discourse.'  An 
anatomicnl  treatise  of  the  teeth. 

ODONTONECRORTS,  Dental  gangrene. 
'     ODONTOPARALLAX'IS,  from  obovt,  oborros, 
'a   tooth,'   and    ir«(;oX>o?(f,    'deviation.'     Irregu- 
larity and  obliquity  of  the  teeth  ;  (Prov.)  Snuycjle 
teeth. 

ODONTOPIIATNE.  Alveolus. 

ODONTOPHATNITIS,  O.iontobothritis. 

ODONTOPLEROSIS,  see  Filling. 

ODONTOPIIYIA,  Dentiti.m. 

ODONTOPRISIS,  Brygmus,  Stridor  dentinm. 

ODONTOSEI'SIS,  ddontonein'mnn,  Den'tiiim 
vaeillan'tia,  from  oiovi,  oiovTOi,  'a  tooth,'  and 
o-EiiTi?,  'shakiiicr.'     Looseness  of  the  teeth. 

ODONTOSEISMUS,  Odontoseisis. 

ODONTOSMEGMA,  Dentifrice. 

ODONTOSPHACELISIS,  Dental  gangrene. 

ODONTOSPIIACELISMUS,  Dental  gangrene. 

ODONTOSTERE'SIS,  from  obovu  oiovroi,  'a 
tooth,'  and  areprjais,  'privation.'  Loss  of  the 
teeth. 

ODONTOSYNERTSM'US,  from  obov;,  oW?, 
'a  tooth,'  and  mivspi^nv, '  to  strike  together ;'  (F.) 
Claqiienient.      Chatti'ring  of  the  teeth. 

ODONTOTECllNY,  Dentistry. 

ODONTOTFIERAPIA,  Dentistry. 

ODONTOTRIMMA.  Dentifrice. 

ODONTOTRYPY,  Odontrypy. 

ODON'TRYPY,  Odont<,l'rypy,  Odnntotryp'in, 
from  oioiij,  o^ovTOi,  'a  tooth,'  and  rpwata,  'I  per- 


0  D  0  R  A  M  E  N  T  U  M 


645 


(EXOLOTIF 


f)rate.'  The  operation  of  perforating  a  tooth  to 
cv'iicunte  purulent  matter  confined  in  the  cavity 
of  tiie  pulp. 

0  DO  a  V  M  R XT  UM.  O.loriferum. 
OlfOnAXr,  see  Odour. 
ODOIIAT,  Olfaction. 
ODOIl.VTIO,  Olfaction. 

ODOll.vrUS,  Olfaction— 0.  Deperditus,  Anos- 
mia. 

ODORIF'EIIUM,  from  odor,  odons,   'odour,' 
ftn<l  fero,  '  I  carry  ;'  Odornmen'tum.     A  medicine 
that  !;i\'cs  odour  or  flavour.    A  scent.  A  perfume. 
ODOROUS,  .see  Odour. 
0D03,  Wav. 

O'DOUR,  Odor,  Odme,  O^me,  (F.)  Odeiir.  A 
smell.  Odours  are  subtle  particles,  constantly 
escaping  from  the  surface  of  certain  bodies  hence 
called  o'(/'<r'>i(»,  (F.)  Odornnt.  They  act,  in  some 
manner,  by  actual  contact  with  the  nerves  of  the 
S«hiu:iderian  membrane,  and  give  occasion  to  the 
sense  of  smell  or  olfaction. 
ODOU.S,  see  Teeth. 

OD'YNE,  oiJuvj;,  'pain,'  Dolor,   Odi/nc'ma.     A 
very  ooinmon  sulRx  to  words;  as  in  Pleurodyne. 
ODYNHMA,  Odyno. 

(EOIOMA'NIA,  Oiheioma'nia,  from  oiKctoi,  'be- 
longinj;  to  a  household  or  family,'  and  mniiiti.  A 
firm  of  moral  insanity,  characterized  by  domes- 
tic perversity. 

{ECONO.\I[A,  Economy — oe.  Animalis,  Phy- 
siolo;;v. 
(EDATiTCUS,  rElomatous. 
(ED  ALT  US,  CEdemalous. 

(EDE'M.V,  from  otScia,  'I  am  swollen.'  ////- 
(Irnn'citu,  (Edemnf' in,  JL/dt'roii'ciin,  Ilijdaton'cim, 
nijdroiedi-'jnii,  I[i/<lredn'>nn,  Hi/drops  celhda' r!n 
nr'tiitim,  Pliltipiiti'tin,  Lenfophhfimd'tin,  Erphtj'- 
mncpilemnt'iviiDi,  (F.)  OUdSiiie,  lEdemittie,  Eiiflitre. 
iSwellins;  produced  by  the  accumulation  of  a  se- 
rous fluid  in  the  interstices  of  the  areolar  texture. 
This  swellini;  is  soft;  yields  under  the  fiiij^er; 
preserves  the  impression  for  some  time,  and  is 
pale  and  without  pain.  It  presents  the  same 
characters  as  anasarca,  which  is  general  oedema. 
Its  etiology  and  treatment  are  also  the  same. 
See  Anasarca. 
CEdkma  Aciititm,  see  Anasarca. 
(EnuMA  Ausbn'ic.v'lis.  The  swelling  of  the 
eyelids  and  face,  induced  by  continued  use  of  the 
prep:irations  of  arsenic. 

(Edkm.v  Calidum,  see  Anasarca  —  oc.  Capitis, 
Hydrocephalus  ex  tern  us. 

(Eok'ma  Cer'bbki,  (F.)  CEdhne  da  cervenn. 
(Edema  of  the  brain.  A  condition  of  the  cerebral 
pulp,  in  which  there  is  an  infiltration  of  serous 
fluid  into  it,  so  that  it  appears  more  moist  or  wa- 
tery than  common  ;  and,  when  sliced  or  pressed, 
small  drops  of  water  are  seen  to  ooze  out. 

CEdkma,  Compact,  Induration  of  the  cellular 
tissue — ce.  Cruentum,  Suggillation  —  oe.  Febrile, 
see  Anasarca  —  oe.  Fugax,  Anathymiasis — ce. 
llystericum,  Anathymiasis. 

(ErtKMA  OP  TUB  (iLOTTlS,  (E.  glot'tidtH,  (Edem'- 
ntoiiH  fjiiri/iifii'ti'ii  or  ring hia,Lnri/ III/ i' tin  xiibnuico'na 
Pen  (edemiitii'na  sen  sero-piirnleii'ta,  Ili/dropn  i^lot'- 
l!di«,  Aiiiji'iut  oi/iio'i'a  sen  liri/ni/e'a  (pdem'ito'na, 
SiibiiiH'coit.9  Litri/niji'tiit,  (F.)  Laryiii/ile  oedhnn- 
tenite,  L.  cedfmateiine  et  sero-jnirnlente  ou  8i(S-f/lot- 
lifiie  on  'niis-miiqiieune,  Amjlw  lari/iigee  Ofdeinn- 
^■H'^^,  (El?iiie  de  la  ylotle.  A  disease  consisting 
of  serous  or  sero-purulent  infiltration  into  the 
submucous  tissue  of  the  glottis.  The  S3'mptoms 
resemble  those  of  croup;  but  the  disease  attacks 
the  adult  rather  than  the  child.  The  age  is,  in- 
deed, a  principal  means  of  diagnosis  between  the 
two  affections. 

The  disease  is  almost  always  fatal.  The  treat- 
ment has  to  vary  according  to  the  accompanying 
general  symptoms. 


CEdkma  Lacteum,  Phlegmatia  dolens. 
(Edbma  of  tub  Lungs,  (E.  pidmo'uum,  Pneu- 
mocli'i/nig,  PiieitinoiKede'iiKi,  Hydrops  seu  ana- 
snr'ca  Pulmo'  num,  Ili/dropiieumo'  iiia,  (F.) 
CEdinie  dti  pouiiion.  Laennec  has  so  called  the 
infiltration  of  serum  into  the  tissue  of  the  lung, 
carried  to  such  an  extent  as  to  diminish  its 
permeability  to  air.  It  is  not  an  uncommon 
sequela  of  pneumonia,  and  the  major  exanthe- 
mata. The  respiration  is  laborious  ;  the  respira- 
tory murmur  scarcely  perceptible,  although  the 
thorax  is  largely  expanded,  and  there  is  a  slight 
rale  crepitant,  particularly  at  the  base  and  infe- 
rior part  of  the  lung.  The  sound  on  percussion 
is  clear,  and  on  both  sides  equally  so.  The  cough 
is  attended  with  aqueous  expectoration.  In  some 
cases  the  respiration  becomes  peurile  in  a  small 
portion  of  the  summit  of  the  lung. 

CEdkma  Neonatohum,  Induration  of  the  cellu- 
lar tissue  —  oe.  Palpebrarum,  Ilydroblepharon  — 
oe.  Puerperarum,  Phlegmatia  dolens — oe.  Pulmo- 
num,  CEdema  of  the  lungs — oe.  Pulmonum  chro- 
nicum,    Ilydropneumonia  —  oe.    Scroti   aquosum, 
Oschydroedema  —  oe.  Scroti  cruentum,  Oschajma- 
toedema — oe.  Scroti  purulentuiu,  Oscheopyoedema 
—  oe.  Scroti  urinosum.  Urocele  —  oe.  Spasticum, 
Anathymiasis — oe.  IJvuhe,  Staphyloedema. 
CEDE.MATIA,  CEdema. 
(EDEMATIE,  (Edema. 
CEDE.VIATOSARCA,  a^demosarca. 
CEDEMATOSCIIEOCE'LE,    (Edemnscheoce'le, 
Oxclteoce'le  aedemat'ica.     Oscheocele  with  oedema 
of  the  scrotum. 

CEDE.M'ATOUS,  (Edemnto' ms,  (Edemnt'tcns, 
(Edemato'des,  (EdnV inn,  CEditl' icus,  Edem' iitoim, 
(F.)  (Edemnteux.  Affected  with  oedema,  (F.) 
(EdeiHdtie,  of  the  nature  of  (Bdema. 

CEDE  ME,  CEdema — oe.  dn  Cervean,  CEdema 
cerebri  —  oe.  Donlonreit.r  dee  femmes  en  coiiche, 
Phlegmatia  dolens — oe.  den  Noanellea  accoiichdea, 
Phlegmatia  dolens  —  ce.  nctif  des  Nouvellen  uc- 
coiK-liees,  Phlegmatiii  dolens  —  oe.  de  la  Glolte, 
CEilema  of  the  glottis  —  tc.  de  la  Glotle,  Angina 
oedematosa  —  oe.  da  Tinxn  crllulaire  des  iioiiveau- 
nes.  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 

CEDEMOSAR'OA,  (Edemnfomr'ca.  A  species 
of  tumour  mentioned  by  M.  A.  Severinus,  which 
holds  a  middle  place  between  oedema  and  sarcoma. 
CEDE.MOSCIIEOCELE,  (Edematoscheocele. 
GifL.  Eye — ae.  de  liiriif,  Antbemis  tinctoria — 
oe.  Double.  Binoculus — <e.  de  Lievre,  Lagophthal- 
mus — oe.  Simple,  see  Monoculus. 

(EFLLET  GIROFLEE,  Dianthus  caryophyl- 
lus.  ^ 

(EILLIERE,  Scaphium  oeulare. 
(EXAN'TIIE,  (E.  croca'tn  seu  chtprophyl'li 
fo'liin,  Hemlock,  di-opiport,  Hemloclc  icnter-drap- 
wort.  Not.  Ord.  Umbelliferae.  Sex.  Si/it.  Pen- 
tandria  Digynia,  from  otvo;,  'wine,'  and  avSoi,  'a 
flower;'  its  flowers  smelling  like  the  vine.  A 
violent  poison  of  the  acro-nareotic  class.  Its 
juice  has  been  recommended  in  certain  cutaneous 
diseases  ;  but  it  is  scarcely  ever  used.  It  is  em- 
ployed in  fomentations. 

(ExANTHB  Aqitatica,  Phcllandrium  aquaticum 
— oe.  Phellandrium,  Phellandrium  aquaticum — oe. 
Striata  rigida,  Seseli  tortuosum. 

(ENEL/E'ON,  from  oivos,  'wine,'  and  t\aiov, 
'oil.'  A  mixture  of  oil  and  wine. — Galen.  Also, 
rectifiod  spirit  or  alcohol. 

CEXOG'AIiA,  oivoyii\a,  from  oivo^,  'wine,'  and 
yaXit,  'milk,' — 'a  mixture  of  wine  and  milk.' 
According  to  some,  wine  as  warm  as  new  milk. 

CENOCi'ARON,     Gamm    vino    7Hiistum.       Wine 
mixed  with  carum. — Aetius. 
(ENOLATURE,  see  Vinutn. 
(EXOLE,  see  Vinum. 
(EXOLOTIF  (F.).      A   name   given   by  M. 


CENOIDES 


646 


OGLA 


B6ral  to  a  medicine  intended  for  external  use, 
■whose  exci|iient  is  wine. 

(E>fOIDES.  Vinous. 

QiNO.MA'NIA,  0 i noma' Ilia,  irom  oivoj,  '  wine,' 
and  iminia.  Delirium  tremens.  Properly,  wine- 
maiiiii.  An  insatiable  desire  for  intoxicating 
liquors. 

CE'NOMEL,  G'jiiom'eli,  from  ono;,  '  wine,'  and 
/ieXi,  'honey.'  ^fel  vino' sum,  Mulmtm  Vino' sum. 
Honey  wine.     Wine  mead.     See  Hydromel. 

ffiXOPlILYGIA,  Tomulenfia. 

(EXOIMILYXIS,  Temulentia. 

(E.VOS,  Wine. 

Q3X0STAG.MA,  Spiritus  vini  reetificatus. 

CEXOTHE'RA  BIEN'NIS,  (E.  MoUis'sima  seu 
murica'tit  seu  ijiitroVdeK,  On'aijra,  Ecenin(j  Priiii- 
ri)se.  Tree  Priiiirone,  Priiiti-ose  tree,  Cure-all, 
tSf'tbixh.  An  indi;j;enous  plant,  common  on  the 
))orders  of  fields,  and  in  natural  hed;:;es.  Ord. 
OnagraceiB.  Se.r.  S^st.  Octandria  Monogynia. 
Its  properties  are  mucilaginous  and  slightly 
ncrid.  A  decoction  has  been  used  in  cases  of  in- 
fant.ile  and  otiier  eruptions. 

CExoTHKRA  Gauroides,  0.  biennis  —  oo.  Muri- 
cata,  0.  biennis. 

(ESOPHAGE'AL,  (E^ophcjm'ns,  (F.)  (Eao- 
phiKjien.  Same  etymon  as  cesopliagus.  Relating 
or  belonging  to  tlie  oesophagus. 

(EsOPHAGGAIy  Ap'iiin'UUK  OP  THE  Dl'APHRAG>r, 
Fi)rn'nie>i  cenDphai/e'nin,  (F.)  Oiivertiire  oesopjta- 
yieinie  dn  dinphraijme.  An  opening  in  the  dia- 
phragm for  the  passage  of  the  oesophagus. 

(EsoPHAGBAL  APKllTUIlE  OP  THK    StOHACH.       A 

name  given  to  the  superior  or  cardiac  orifice  of 
the  stomach,  to  distinguish  it  from  the  inferior  or 
j>^lnric.     See  Cariiia. 

CEsopnAGBAL  MuscLB,  OStopItaym'nu.  Some 
anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  the  transverse 
muscular  fibres  whi^'li  surround  the  oesophagus 
at  its  upper  extremity. 

(Esophageal  Tcbb,  see  Tube,  oesophageal. 

(ESOPilAaEURYS'MA,  CEsoph'ayns  auccen- 
tiiria'tiia,  from  otaotpayo';,  'the  oesophagus,'  and 
evpvaiia,  'dilatation.'  Dilatation  of  the  oesopha- 
gus. 

CESOPIIAfilALGTA,  (Esophagismus. 

(ESOPHAGIARCTIA,  Dvsphagia  constricta. 

CESOPIIAGIEN,  (muscle),  Constrictor  oeso- 
phagi. 

(ESOPIIAGIS'MUS,  (Exophagia'mnm.  A  name 
given  by  Vogel  to  spasm  of  the  oesophagus,  Dj/a- 
phn'gia  Spuamod'icn  seu  Spna'tica  seu  Nervo'aa, 
Sfrictii'ra  ceso])h'agi  apafiiiod'ica,  (ExophagiaV- 
ffia,  CEiophai/o-ipaHiii'iia,  Tenea'inua  OidcB,  (F.) 
TeiieHiiie  de  I'cenipJiaije.  By  some  used  synony- 
mously with  oesophiigitis,  dysphagia,  and  con- 
traction of  the  oesophagus. 

(ESOPIIAGI'TIS,  Aiif/I'na  seu  Cijnnn'che  ceao- 
phatjm'a,  DyKphn'ijin  iiijiamwato'ria,  liiflamma'- 
lio  opanph'ar/i  seu  Gida,  (P.)  Aiigine  usaopha- 
(jicnw.     Inflatnmttion  of  the  oesophai'us. 

(ESOPIIAGODYN'IA,  from  o«rfl0„yof,  'the 
oesophagus,'  and  o^wri,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the  oeso- 
phagus. 

CESOPHAGOPATIII'A,  Movhua  (Eaoph'ogi, 
from  ot(TO(piiYo;,  'the  oesophagus,'  and  va9os, 
'disease.'  A  morbid  condition  of  the  oesopha- 
gus. 

(ESOPHAGOPLE'GTA,  Dyaphn'gin  pnrahjt'- 
icn,  LfEmoparalifaia,  from  oiaoliayoi,  '  the  oeso- 
phagus,' and  vXriyn,  '  a  stroke.'  Paralysis  of  the 
oesophagu'. 

(ESOPHAGORRIIAG'TA,  from  oi<To0ayo<;, '  the 
oesophagus,' and  pnytt,  'a  rupture.  Hemorrhage 
from  the  oesophaL'us. 

(ESOPHAGORRIICE'A,  from  oi(ro0«yoj.  'the 
oeso;)hagus,'  and  ptw,  'I  flow.'  Discharge  of 
blooil  or  niucn^  from  the  oesoph.agus. 

(ESOPHAGOSPAS'MUS,  from  oi(ro0«yof,  'the 


oesophagus,'  and  (rraofios,  'spasm.'  Spasm  of  the 
oesoTihagus. 

CESOPHAGOT'OMY.  (Eanpha.jotnm'la,  from 
OKjotpnyoi,  '  tlie  oesojjhagus,'  and  rinvtiv,  '  to  cut.' 
An  incision  made  into  the  a'sophagus  for  tiie 
purpose  of  oxtrai-ting  foreign  bodies  from  it. 

CESOPII'AGUS,  from  o/w,  '  future'  oiiroj,  'I 
carry,'  and  ^ayw,  '  I  cat;'  (Jidn,  Fia'nda  cil>a'liH, 
Fia'tnhi  seu  Iii/niidil/idiiin  Veiitric'idi,  Via  >il"m'. 
achi  et  ventria,  Oliittua.  The  G'ldlrl,  (Prov.) 
Wizen.  A  musculo-membraiious  canal,  cylin- 
drical, and  depressed  from  before  to  beliind, 
which  extends  from  the  inferior  extremity  of  the 
pharynx  to  the  u])per  orifice  of  the  stomach.  ,U 
its  origin,  it  is  situate  in  the  median  line;  but 
beneath  the  larynx,  it  devjates  to  the  left,  and  in 
the  chest  experiences  ditforent  redections.  In 
its  cervical  portion,  it  corresponds,  behind,  with 
the  spine;  before,  with  the  larynx  and  trachea: 
and,  at  the  sides,  it  is  close  to  the  i)rimitivc  caro- 
tids, internal  jugular  veins,  par  vaguni,  recur- 
rent nerves,  &c.  In  its  inferior  or  thoracic  por- 
tion, the  oesophagus  is  entirely  contained  In  the 
posterior  mediastinum  :  and  enters  the  abdomen 
through  the  oesophageal  aperture,  Pora'men  »kii- 
phatje'nm,  of  the  diaphragm.  The  oesophagus 
is  composed  of  a  very  strong  miisoulnr  layer, 
sometimes  called  Tunica  rayina'/ia  r/idtp  ;  formed, 
itself,  of  two  sets  of  fibres,  the  external  being 
general  longitudinal,  the  internal  transverse  or 
annular.  2.  Of  a  mucous  membrane  which  is 
soft,  fine,  thin,  and  while,  especially  at  its  lower 
part.  It  is  continuous,  above,  with  the  mucous 
membrane  of  the  pharynx.  The  mucous  folli- 
cles, found  beneath  it,  are  not  numernu?,  and 
have  been  called  (Eanphaycal  ylanda.  The  arte- 
ries of  the  oesophagus  proceed,  in  the  neck,  from 
the  thyroid ;  in  the  chest,  from  the  bronchial  ar- 
teries and  directly  from  the  aorta; — in  the  abdo- 
men, from  the  inferior  phrenic,  and  coronaria 
ventriculi.  Its  veins  empty  themselves  into  the 
inferior  thyroid,  the  vena  cava  superior,  the  in- 
ternal inammary,  azygos,  bronchial,  phrenic,  and 
coronaria  ventriculi.  Its  lymphatics  pass  into 
the  ganglia  surrounding  it.  Its  nerves  are  afforded 
bj^  the  pharyngeal  and  pulmonary  plexuses;  by 
the  cardiac  nerves;  the  thoracic  ganglia,  and, 
especially,  by  the  pneumogastrics  and  their  re- 
current branches. 

ffisopHAous  StTccEVTiiRiATDS,  Pharvngoccle. 

CESTROMANIA,  Nymphomania. 

CRSTRUATIOX,  Orgasm,  see  Heat. 

CESTRUM,  Clitoris, 

CEsTRliM  Vbn'eris,  (E.  venc'reum,  (Ealnia 
vene'rciiH  ;  from  oioTfio;,  <ealrua,  'a  violent  impulse 
or  desire.'  A  veheuient  desire  for  sexual  inter- 
course. Orgasm.  With  some,  oeatnim  signifies 
Clitoris. 

(ESTRUS,  Clitoris,  see  Ectozoa — oe.  Venereus, 
CE'itruni  venereum. 

(E'SYPUS,  from  oif,  'a  sheep.'  The  greasy 
matter  of  unwashed  wool;  formerly  employed  in 
friction  in  diseased  joints. 

(ErrPS.  Ova. 

OFFICE,  PHYSICIAN'S  or  SURGEOX'S, 
latrion. 

OFFICINA,  Pharmacopolium. 

OFFICINAL,  Officina'lia,  from  officini,  for 
opificlua,  (from  opifex  {opna  and /acio,)  'a  work- 
man,') 'a  shop.'  An  epithet  for  medicines  found 
in  the  shop  of  the  apothecary,  ready  prepared  — 
uaua'lia  ;  in  opposition  to  mnyiatnd  or  eitempu- 
ranenua, — those  prepared  after  the  prescription  of 
the  physician. 

OFFIUM,  Affion,  Opium. 

OFFSPRING,  Epigone. 

OFFUSCATIO,  Amaurosis. 

OGLA,  Oogala. 


OGXOX 


647 


OINTMENT 


00 SOS,  a  Corn— o.  Mann,  Scilla. 
OIH'O.  MINERAL   WATERS    OF.      Yellow 
Siii'iii;/  is  «■  chalybeate,  gituate  in  Greene  county, 
6+  miles  from   Cincinnati.     It  is  somewhat  fre- 
qiiiMiteil. 

OIDIUM  ARORTIFACIEXS,  see  Ergot— o. 
AII)iiMtis,  Aphthaphyte — o.  Schoenleini,  see  Por- 
rigo  fiivosia. 

OII'I.  Sorbns  domestica. 

OKISOS,  Allium  cepa. 

OIKKIOMANIA,  (Ecimnanin. 

OIL,  O'leniii,  E/(P.'"ii,  cXinov,  (F.)  Hiiilc ;  from 
iXaia,  'the  olive.'  A  coUcnrtive  ririme,  under  which 
two  clnsHes  of  fluids  are  included,  very  different 
from  each  other  :  those  belonging  to  tlie  one  class, 
lire  via(^id,  mawkish  or  almost  insipid:  those  of 
the  otlier  are  nearly  devoid  of  viscidity,  and  are 
ciiustic  and  very  volatile.  The  former  are  called 
flit  or  fired  oili ;  the  latter  volatile  or  essential 
oiln  or  eiseiices. 

Oil,  see  Ricinus  communis. 

Oil  OP  Al.MONDS,  Oleum  amygdalarum — o.  of 
bitter  Almonds,  Oleum  amygdahc  amariie — o.  of 
Amber,  rectified,  see  Succinum  —  o.  of  Anda,  see 
Anda  —  o.  Animal,  Oleum  animale — •  o.  Animal, 
(if  Dippcl,  Oleum  animale  Dipjielii  —  o.  of  Ba}', 
Daphnclason  —  o.  of  Rays,  Oleum  laurinum — o. 
ami  Beeswax,  Unguentum  cerce — o.  of  Hen,  see 
Ouilnndina  moringa — o.  of  Benjamin  or  Benzoin, 
Oleum  iien/.oini — o.  Benne,  see  Sesamum  orien- 
talo  —  o.  of  Bergamot,  see  Bergamot. 

Oil,  BriiTisil.  An  empirical  preparation  often 
used  in  cases  of  sprains.  A  committee  of  the 
Pliiladelphia  College  of  Pharmacy  recommended 
the  following  form  for  its  preparation. —  01.  Tere- 
binth.. 01.  Liiii  nuitalis.  afi  f  ,^iij.  01.  Snrriiii., 
01.  Juniper,  ila,  f^^iv.  Petrol,  linrhadeus.  f^iij, 
Petrol.  American.  (Seneca  Oil.)  f§j.      M. 

Oil  of  Cacao,  Butter  of  Cacao  —  o.  of  Cade, 
see  Jiiniperus  Oxycedrus — o.  Carron,  Linimentuin 
nqusB  calcis — o.  of  the  Cashew  nut,  see  Anacar- 
dium  occidentale  —  o.  Castor,  see  Ricinus  com- 
)nunis  —  o.  of  Chabert,  Oleum  animale  empyreu- 
mnticum  Chaberti  —  o.  of  Cinnamon,  see  Laurus 
cinnamomum — o.  of  Cloves,  Eugenia  caryophyl- 
liita  —  o.  Cod,  0.  Jecoris  aselli  —  o.  Codliver,  0. 
Jccoris  aselli — o.  of  Copaiba,  Oleum  Copaib.e — o. 
Cornspirit,  Oil,  fusel  —  o.  of  Cubebs,  see  Piper 
cubeba  —  o.  of  Cypress,  Cyprinum  oleum  —  o.  of 
Dill,  see  Anethum  graveolens — o.  Dippel's,  Oleum 
animale  I)i|)pelii — o.  of  Egg,  see  Ovum — o.  Ethe- 
real, Oleum  ..■Ethereum — o.  Flaxseed,  see  Linum 
usitiitissimum. 

Oil,  FliSKL,  Al'cohol  ami/ricnm  (Ph.  D.),  Fon- 
«el  oil,  Pota'lo  oil.  (train  nil.  Cornnpirit  nil.  Po- 
to'to  spirit  oil.  Oil  nf  potatoes.  Amiil'ic  al'rohol, 
Hy'il rated  oxide  o/ami/le,  (  (U.)  F  u  sel,  an  epithet 
for  poor  brandy.)  An  acrid  volatile  oil,  formed 
in  the  manufacture  of  potato  brandy,  and  which 
is  not  easily  separable  from  it.  Its  chemical 
Constituti(m  is  analogous  to  that  of  alcohol.  It 
exhales  a  powerful  and  peculiarly  suffocating 
odour.  S.  g.  -818.  In  small  doses  it  is  highly 
stimulating, — acting  like  narcotics  in  general.  In 
large  doses  it  destroys  the  mucous  membrane  of 
the  stomach.  It  is  used  by  the  Dublin  College 
in  the  preparation  of  Sodas  valerianas. 

Oil,  Ohaiv,  Oil.  fusel. 

Oil,  IIaehlkh.  An  empirical  preparation  sup- 
posed to  ccuisist  chiefly  of  petroleum,  turpentine, 
and  lialsam  of  sulphur.  Used  internally  in  renal 
and  rheumatic  affections. 

On,,  KiuiMHor.z,  see  Pinus  mughos  —  o.  of  Le- 
mons, see  Citrus  mediea  —  o.  Lily,  see  Liliuni 
candidum  — o.  of  Mace,  expressed,  see  Myristica 
—  o.  of  J[astiph.  see  Pistacia  Lentiscus — o.  of 
Mucilages,  Oleum  o  inucilaginibus  —  o.  Neats- 
fuot,  Oleum   bubulum  —  o.  of  Nicodemus,  Nico- 


demi  oleum — o.  Nut,  Juglans  cinerea — o.  of  Nut- 
megs, see  Myristica  nioschata  —  o.  Olive,  Oleum 
olivic — o.  Palm,  see  Cocos  butyracea — o.  Paper, 
Pyrothoni<le — o.  Parsley,  A\)U>] — o.  Pennyroyal, 
see  Ileileoma  pulegioides — o.  of  Pike,  Oleum  lucii 
pisci-s — o.  of  Potatoes,  Oil,  fusel  —  o.  Potato,  Oil, 
fusel — 0.  Potato  spirit.  Oil,  fusel  —  o.  Rag,  Pyro- 
thonide — o.  Red,  see  Hypericum  perforatum — o. 
Rock.  Petroleum  —  o.  of  Rose  Geranium,  Oleum 
graminis  Indici — o.  of  Roses,  see  Rosa  centifolia 
— o.  of  Rue,  Peganelaeon,  see  Ruta — o.  Skateiiver, 
see  Oleum  Jecoris  aselli — o.  of  Spike,  Oleum  tere- 
bintliinae  —  o.  of  St.  .lohn's  Wort,  see  Hypericum 
pert'oratutn  —  o.  Salad,  Oleum  olivae — o.  of  Scor- 
yiion,  see  Scorpion  —  o.  Seneca,  Petroleum,  New 
York  —  o.  of  Spike,  sec  Lavandula  spica  —  o.  of 
Spikenard,  Oleum  graminis  Indici  —  o.  Sulphu- 
retted, Balsamum  sulphuris  simplex — <>.  of  Tar- 
tar, I/uiuor  potassa;  subcarlionatis — o.  of  Tobacco, 
Oleum  tabaci  —  o.  of  Turpentine,  Oleum  terebin- 
thinae  —  o.  of  Turpentine,  rectified.  Oleum  tere- 
binthinsE  rectificatum  —  o.  of  Valerian,  Oleum 
valerianre  —  o.  of  Vitriol,  Sulphuric  acid  —  o.  of 
Wine,  Oleum  aclhereum. 

Oils,  Animal,  Olea  animalin — o.  Distilled,  Olea 
volatilia — o.  Empyreumatic.  Olea  empyreuraatica 
— o.  Es.'-.ential,  Olea  volatilia  —  o.  Ethereal,  Olea 
volatilia — o.  Expressed,  Olea  fixa — o.  Fatty,  Olea 
fixa — o.  Fixed.  Olea  fixa — o.  Fugacious,  Olea  fu- 
gacia — o.  Medicinal,  Olea  medicinalia — o.  Vola- 
tile, Olea  volatilia. 

OILY,  Oleaginous — o.  Grain,  Sesamum  orient- 
ale. 

OTNOMANIA.  CEnomania. 

OINOS  KRITIIES,  Ccrevisia. 

OINTMENT,  Unguentum— 0.  Antimonial,  Un- 
guentum antimonii  —  o.  of  Antimony,  tartarized, 
Unguentum  antimonii. 

Ointment,  Auskn'ical,  of  Sir  Astley  Cooper. 
This  is  made  of  arsenions  acid  ^j  ;  sulphur,  ^j  : 
spermiieeti  cerate,  ^j.  It  is  spread  on  lint,  and 
applied  to  cancerous  sores. 

OiNTMF.NT,  Basiliton,  Unguentum  resina; — n. 
Bay,  Unguentum  laurinum  —  o.  of  Belladonna. 
Unguentum  bellad(mna?  —  o.  Blister,  Cerate  of 
cantharides  —  o.  Blistering,  green,  Unguentum 
lyttie  medicatum — o.  Blistering,  milder,  Unguen- 
tum lyttiT!  —  o.  Blistering,  yellow,  Unguentum 
lytfae  medicatum  aliud  —  o.  Blue,  Unguentum 
hydrargyri  —  o.  Citrine.  Unguentum  hydrargyri 
nitratis — o.  of  Cocculus  Indicus,  Unguentum  coe- 
cnli — o.  of  Creasote.  Unguentum  crcasoti — o.  Cu- 
cumber, see  Cucumis  sativus  —  o.  Cyrillo's.  Un- 
guentum muriatis  hydrargyri  oxygenati  medica- 
tum—  o.  Digestive,  simple,  Unguentum  digesti- 
vum  simjdex  —  o.  Edinburgh,  see  Unguentum 
veratri  —  o.  Elder,  Unguentum  sambuci  —  o.  of 
Elemi,  Unguentum  clemi  compositum — o.  for  the 
Eyes,  (Smellome's,)  see  Ceratum  resinae  —  o.  of 
Galls,  Unguentum  gallre— o.  of  Galls,  compound, 
Unguentum  gallas  compositum  —  o.  Garlic,  see 
Allium — o.  of  Geranium,  Oleum  graminis  Indici 
—  o.  Gingergrass  of  Nemaur.  Oleum  graminis 
Indici — o.  Golden,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitri- 
co-oxidi — o.  Golden,  Singleton's,  see  Singleton's 
gidden  ointment  —  o.  Gmilnrd's,  Ceratum  plumld 
compositum — o.  (irass  of  Nemaur,  Oleum  grami- 
nis Indici  —  o.  Green,  Unguentum  sambuci — o. 
Hellebore,  white,  Unguentum  veratri — o.  of  Hetn- 
lock, Unguentum  conii — o.  of  Hydriodate  of  Potas.^. 
Ungiientum  potassae  hylriodatis — o.  of  Iodide  of 
Lead.  Unguentum  plumbi  iodidi— o.  of  Iodide  of 
Mercury.  Unguentum  hydrargyri  iodidi  —  o.  of 
red  Iodide  of  Mercury.  Unguentum  hy<lrarsyri 
iodidi  rubri  —  o.  of  Iodide  of  Sulphur.  ITnguen- 
tuni  sulphuris  iodidi — o.  of  Iodine.  Unguentum 
lodini  —  o.  of  Iodine,  compound.  Unguentum 
iodini  compositum  —  o.  Issue.  Dr.  Physick's.  see 
Unguentum    lyttas    medicatum   aliud  —  o.    Itch, 


OlOCALYMMA 


648 


OLE  A   VOLATILIA 


Ungiientum  sulphuris  compnsitura — o.  Itch,  Biii- 
Icy'i',  sec  Uiiguentuiu  sulphuriUiini  ad  scabiein  — 
o.  Itch,  Batoiiian's,  see  Unniientiim  sulphuratuin 
alcaliiuiin  ad  scabiciu — o.  Itch,  Ilclruerick's,  Un- 
giieiitiirn  sulphuratuiu  alraliiunn  ad  scahiciii — o. 
Itch,  Jackson's,  Unguentuin  sulphuris  composi- 
tuiu  —  ().  Lead,  compound,  Unjruciitinn  plumbi 
compositnni — o.  of  white  oxide  of  Lead,  Unguen- 
tuin  oxidi  plumbi  albi — o.  of  Lydia,  Bacaris — o. 
Miirshmallow,  Unguentuin  de  althica — ■  o.  Mer- 
curial, Unguentuiu  hydrargyri  —  o.  Mercurial, 
milder,  see  Ungueiitum  hydrargyri — o.  Mercurial, 
strong,  see  Unguentura  hydrargyri — o.  of  nitrate 
of  Mercury,  Unguentuni  hydrargyri  nilratis — o. 
of  gray  oxide  of  Mercury,  Unguentura  oxidi  hy- 
drargyri cinerei  —  o.  of  nitric  oxyd  of  Mercury, 
llnguentuui  hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi  —  o.  of 
Slezercon,  Uiiguentum  niezerei  —  o.  of  Nitrous 
acid,  Unguentura  acidi  nitrosi  —  o.  of  Pitch, 
Unguentura  resinae  nigrsB  —  o.  of  Pitch,  black, 
Unguentuni  resiniB  nigr;B — o.  Plunkett's,  for 
cancer.  Plunkett's  ointment  —  o.  red  Precipitate, 
Unguentura  hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi  —  o.  of 
■white  Precipitate,  Unguentura  hydrargyri  prac- 
cipitati    alhi — o.   Resin,    Ceratuui  resin*  flavae 

—  o.    Resin,    black,    Unguentuni    resinaj    nigrae 

—  0.  of  Rosewater,  Unguentuin  aquaD  rosa3  — 
I).  Soldier's,  Martiatuiu  unguentura  —  o.  of 
Spanish  .flies,  Cerate  of  Cantharides,  Ungu- 
entuin lyttae  —  o.  Spermaceti,  Unguentura  ce- 
tacei  —  o.  of  Stramonium,  Unguentura  stranionii 

—  o.  of  Subacetate  of  copper,  Unguentuni  sub- 
acetatis  cupri  —  o.  of  Sugar  of  lead,  Unguentuin 
plumbi  superacetatis  —  o.  Sulphur,  Unguentura 
.•sulphuris — 0.  Sulphur,  compound,  Unguentuin 
sulphuris  coniposituin — o.  Tar,  Unguentura  picis 
liquidie — o.  Tartar  emetic,  Unguentuin  antimonii 
— o.  T(d)acco,  Unguentura  Tabaci — -o.  Tutty,  Un- 
guentuni oxidi  zinci  iinpuri — o.  V^erdigris,  Ungu- 
entuin subacetatis  cupri — o.  Wax,  Unguentuin 
ccne — o.  White,  Unguentuin  oxidi  plumbi  albi — 
o.  Zinc,  Unguentuni  zinci — o.  of  impure  oxide  of 
Zinc.  Unguentura  oxidi  zinci  inipuri. 

OiOCALYM'MA,  O'iocahjp'tmm ;  from  wiov, 
laov,  'egg,'  and  KaXvirretv,  'to  cover;'  Jlfemhra'iia 
O'viili  coitlca'lia.  The  membrane  of  the  egg- 
shell. 

OKH.\,  Hibiscus  esculentus. 

OLD  AGE,  Senectus. 

OLD  MAN.  Artemisia  abrotanuin. 

OLD  WIFE'S  SHIRT,  Liriodendron. 

OLEA  ANIMA'LIA,  Animal  oi/s,  (F.)  iruiles 
aiiliiinles.  A  name  given  to  fixed  oils  holding  in 
solution  the  mucilaginous  and  gelatinous  princi- 
ji!es  of  certain  animals,  as  the  Oil  of  fro//n,  Oil 
of  8corpio}is,  Oil  of  npiders,  &c.  Sometimes, 
also,  the  term  (iniinnl  nils  is  given  to  empyreu- 
niatie  oils,  produced  during  the  decomposition  of 
animal  substances  V\y  heat. 

Olka  Dkstillata,  0.  Volatilia. 

Olea  Empyrbumat'ica,  Emptjreumfit'ie  oils, 
(F. )  Hnilen  empi/reniiKitiqiien  o\l  pt/rof/eiieen,  P)f- 
relniiu's.  Oils  which  have  an  empyreumatic  or 
Viurnt  smell.  They  are  obtained  by  treating  vege- 
t  ible  or  animal  matters  by  heat,  in  close  vessels. 
They  do  not  exist  in  organized  bodies,  but  are 
fiirmed  during  their  decomposition  by  fire.  The 
animal  oil  of  Dippel  is  an  empyreumatic  oil. 

Olra  Eiirop.e'a,  O.snti'va  sen  htncifo'lia  seu 
poli/nior'pha  seu  Giil'Hca,  Oli'va,  Olive  tree, 
cXaia,  fJ/iP.'a,  (F.)  Olivier;  (Fruit)  Olive.  Nat. 
Old.  Jasinineae.  <SV.r.  Sij«t,  Diandria  Monogy- 
nia.  The  leaves  of  the  olive  are  bitter,  and  an 
extract  prepared  from  them,  and  a  substance 
called  olivi'na,  the  bitter  principle  of  the  leaves, 
have  been  given  in  Italy  as  antiperiodics.  The 
fruit,  when  pickled,  is  extremely  grateful  to  some 
ptoinachs.  Olives,  as  met  with  in  the  shops,  are 
prepared  from  the  green,  unripe  fruit,  repeatedly 


steeped  in  water.  To  this,  some  quicklime  or 
alkaline  salt  is  added,  and,  afterwards,  they  are 
washed  and  preserved  in  a  pickle  of  common  salt 
and  water.  From  this  fruit  is  prepared  llie  Olive 
oil  or  Salad  oil  of  the  Pharinacopadas,  which  is 
obtained  by  grinding  and  pressing  the  olives, 
when  thoroughly  rijie.  The  finer  and  purer  oil 
issues  first  by  gentle  pressure,  and  the  inferior 
sort  on  heating  what  is  left,  and  pressing  it  more 
strongly.  Sec  Oleum  Olivw.  In  Calabria,  an 
odorous  resin  exudes  from  its  trunk,  which  is 
employed  as  a  perfume  by  the  Neapolitans. 

A  gum  flows  from  certain  wild  olives,  in  warm 
countries,  which  consists,  according  to  Pelletier, 
of  a  resin,  a  little  benzoic  acid,  and  a  jieculinr 
substance,  called  Olivile.  It  is  in  yellow  masses, 
of  a  slightly  acrid  taste,  and  of  a  vanilla  smell. 
It  is  called  Olice  (/iiiiiiiii,  0.  rcni'ua,  and  0.  ImiIh'- 
anitiiii,  (F.)  Oowiiic  olivier,  and  is  esteemed  astrin- 
gent and  detersive. 

Olka  Fixa  sku  Pin'gi'ia,  Exprenned,  Fll'd 
or  Fatty  oils,  (F.)  Hiiilcs  fu-es  ou  (//■</»«<■«,  OUoh. 
All  the  oils  obtained  from  the  seeds  or  pericarps 
of  vegetables,  without  distillation,  and  which  are 
viscid,  but  slightly  odorous  and  sapid;  lighter 
than  water,  and  insoluble  in  alcohol.  The  ran- 
cidity of  oils  depenils  on  the  absorption  of  oxy- 
gen, and  therefore  they  should  be  kept  in  bulk 
as  much  as  possible,  and  in  narrow-necked  bot- 
tles, so  that  a  very  small  surface  only  can  bo  ex- 
posed to  the  air.  All  the  fixed  oils  are  emollient, 
and,  in  a  certain  dose,  they  act  as  purgatives  and 
emetics.  They  are  prepared  by  expressing  the 
fruit  or  seed  containing  them. 

Olka  Fuga'cia,  Fiaja'ciotm  oils,  (F.)  Hitihs 
ftiqaces.  A  name  given  to  oils  which  are  so  vo- 
latile that,  in  order  to  obtain  them,  recourse  must 
be  had  to  a  different  process  from  that  employed 
for  other  essential  oils.  Such  are  the  oils  of  jes- 
samine, lily,  violet,  &c. 

Oi.EA  Gallica,  0.  Europaa — o.  Lancifolia,  0. 
Europsea. 

Olka  Medicina'lia,  Med{c"innl  oils,  (F.) 
Hiiiles  jMediciiiales,  EUoUs,  Solution  par  let 
hniles.  A  name  given  to  oils  prepared  by  mace- 
rating, infusing,  or  boiling  medicinal  substances 
in  olive  or  any  other  fixed  oils.  These  oils  may 
then  be  regarded  as  oily  solutions  of  certain 
medicinal  substances;  whence  they  can  never  be 
simple.  They  have,  however,  been  divided  into 
simple  and  conipoinal  medirinrd  oils.  To  the 
former  belong  the  Oils  of  St.  Joint's  wort,  of  the 
Sidauum  ni;/nim,  Ac;  to  the  other — which  have 
often  been  called  Oih/  balsams,  (F.)  Banmes  hni- 
leiix— the  Balsams  of  Fioraventi,  Mflz,  Ac.  Me- 
dicinal oils  are,  almost  always,  employed  exter- 
nally. 

Olka  Polymorpha,  0.  Europaoa— o.  Saliva,  0. 
Europaea. 

Olka  Volatil'ia,  0.  destilla'ta,  yFlli-ro'len, 
Vol'atile,  Ftlie'real.  Essential,  or  Dlstd'h.d  oils, 
Es'senres,  (F.)  Hniles  volatiles  OU  essetitielles  oU 
disfillees  ou  ithirees,  oleolats,  olfitles,  oleoles. 
Oils  found  in  aromatic  vegetables,  and  in  every 
part  of  them,  except  in  the  interior  of  the  seeds. 
The  majority  are  obtained  by  distillation  ;  but 
some  by  expression.  They  possess  unctuosity, 
inflammability,  and  viscidity,  like  the  fixed  oils; 
but  they  are  generally  odoriferous,  pungent,  and 
acrid.  The  greater  part  are  lighter  than  water; 
but  some  are  heavier,  and  congeal  at  a  modernto 
temperature.  They  dissolve,  in  small  quantity, 
in  distilled  water,  hy  simple  agitation.  Almost 
all  are  soluble  in  alcohol.  The  odour  and  taste 
are  the  usu.al  tests  of  their  goodness.  To  preserve 
them,  thev  should  be  kept  in  a  cool  place,  in 
small  bottles,  quite  full  and  well  corked.  Vola- 
tile oils  are  possessed  of  the  aromatic  properties 
I  of  the  plants  whence  they  are  obtained.    TLcy 


OLEAGINOUS 


649 


OLEUM   CEDRINUM 


are  all,  when  applied  externally,  stimulant  and 
rubefacient.  Pliaruiaceutical  preparations,  in 
whiuli  sulintances  are  dissolved  in  volatile  oils, 
(F.)  Sill  III  ioim  par  les  huiles  volutiles,  are  termed 
by  Bfiral,  J/i/ro/e». 

0LP:AO"iN0US,  Olempiio'HiiR,  Oleo'aus,  (F.) 
Oleiiijiiienx  ;  t'rimi  oleum,  '  u\\.'  Oily :  containing 
oil, — as  'an  (iledijhioiin  or  oilif  mixture.' 

OLKA'MEN,  Olcamen'iiim.  Same  etymon. 
f      Any  Hott  ointment  prepared  of  oil. — Seribonius. 

OLI'jAXDKR,  Rhododendron  chrysanthemum. 

0  li  K  C  R  A  N  A  R  T  11  R  I'TIS,  from  olecravo,,, 
apdoor,  'joint,'  and  iti'n,  denoting  iniiammation. 
Inflanunation  of  the  elbow  joint. 

OLECRANARTIIROC'ACE,  from  uXeKpavov, 
'the  olecranon,'  aji^pov,  'articulation,'  and  kukiu, 
'vice  or  diseas^e.'  Inflammation  of  the  articular 
surfaces  of  the  elbow. — Rust. 

OLECRAN'IAL,  (F.)  Olecranien.  Relating 
or  bel(in;;ing  to  the  olecranon. 

OLKCRANOID  CAVITY,  see  Ulna. 

OLECl'HANON,  Otecra'ium,  Olec'riinum,  Olec'- 
raiiDii  niolj'i/e  ;  from  u)\ev>i,  '  the  elbow,'  and  Kfia- 
vov,  '  the  head.'  Acrnle'iiinn,  AJditiimen'tiim  iie- 
cn'liiiii,  Aii<'"ii.  Proccs'iiiiii  aiicone' us  seu  uncina'tus, 
Olaun  sen  Cui-o'nn  scu  Ui>n>'nn  poHterlor  seu  Ad- 
ditnmeu'liiin  iiiicu'tum  Ulna,  Vertex  Cii'biti,  Pn- 
tel'Ui  fi-rn,  Roatnim  exter' njun  seU  poste'riim,  Tap 
of  the  cubit.  Head  or  protection  of  the  elbow. 
A  large  process  at  the  ujipor  extremity  of  the 
ulna,  on  which  wc  lean.  When  this  jirocess  is 
fractured,  it  is  apt  to  be  drawn  up  by  the  triceps, 
and  much  care  is  required  to  keep  the  parts  in 
apposition. 

OLEFIANT  GAS,  CHLORIDE  OF,  see  Ana>s- 
tbetic. 

OLEIN,  see  Fat — o.  Codliver,  see  Oleum  je- 
coris  aselli. 

OLENE,  Ulna. 

OLKO-CERATUM,  Cerate— o.  c.  Aqua  subac- 
tum,  Ceratum  Galeni. 

OLEO-CEROLE,  Cerate. 

OLEO-CEROLE  RESIXEUX,  Unguentum. 

OLKOLA  TS,  Olea  volatilia. 

OLKOLKS,  Olea  volatilia. 

OLEOLS,  Olea  fix  a. 

OLEOSA  ecu  A  ROLE,  Elajosaccharum. 

OLEOSACCHARUM,  Eltcosaccharum. 

OLEOSUS,  Oleaginous. 

OLERA,  see  Lachnnon. 

OLETTE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  At 
Olettc,  in  the  department  Pyrenees  Orientales,  is 
a  thernnil  sjiring,  which  raises  the  thermometer 
to  190°  Fahr.     It  is  the  hottest  in  France. 

OLEILES,  Olea  volatilia. 

OLEUM,  Oil  —  o.  Abictis,  see  Pinus  pieea  —  o. 
Absinthii,  Artemisia  absinthium,  (oil  of)  —  o. 
Aeusticum,  fluile  ncoiivlique. 

Olkum  iRriiK'RKUM,  Spir'ititi  cs'lhen's  oleo'stin, 
jEthe'real  oil  {formed  in  the  dintilbition  of  ether), 
Oleum  vini,  OH  (f  wine,  Henvij  oil  of  wine.  Sweet 
oil  of  rit'i-iol,  (F.)  Hiiile  douce  de  rin.  A  pecu- 
liar oleaginous  matter,  obtained  by  continuing 
the  distillation,  after  the  whole  of  the  sulphuric 
ether  has  passed  over  in  the  process  for  the  pre- 
paration of  the  latter.  It  is  used  only  as  an  in- 
gredient in  the  compound  spirit  of  ether.  It  is 
officinal  in  the  Ph.  U.  S. 

Olkum  Ammoniatum,  Linimentum  ammonia) 
fortius. 

Oletm  Amvg'pal.e  AstA'R.f;,  Oil  of  Bitter 
Almonds.  An  oil,  obtained  by  distilling  with 
water  the  kernels  or  the  fruit  of  Amygdnlus  com- 
munis— variety,  Amara.     Its  action  is  like  that 


of  hydrocj'anic  acid — four  drops  having  destroyed 
a  dog.  Dose,  a  quarter  of  a  drop  to  a  drop.  A 
drop  to  a  fluidounce  of  water  forms  a  wash, 
which  has  been  used  in  Prurigo  senilis,  and  other 
forms  of  itching. 

Oleum  AMVGDALA'nuM,  Oleum,  (nni/i/'ddlce,  Oil 
of  Almonds,  (F.)  Unite  d'tnnandef.  {Expressed 
from  hoth  sweet  and  hitter  almonds, — Amijydalua 
communis.)  §xvj  of  iilmonds  yield  ^v  of  oil.  It 
is  inodorous,  insipid,  and  of  a  pale  straw  colour, 
and  is  employed  as  a  demulcent  and  emollient. 

Oleum  Anacaudii,  see  Anacardium  occiden- 
tale. 

Oleum  Anima'le,  An'imal  oil.  (F.)  Huile  ani- 
mole.  An  oil  obtained  by  the  decomposition  of 
the  immediate  principles  of  animals,  subjected  to 
the  action  of  heat.  It  is  fetid,  and  always  con- 
tains a  certain  quantity  of  subcarbonate  of  am- 
monia. See  Olea  Flmpyreumatica.  The  name 
animal  oil  is  sometimes  also  given  to  the  fat  con- 
tained in  the  fatty  vesicles.  The  composition  of 
this  fat  does  not,  indeed,  differ  from  that  of  the 
fixed  oil. 

Olkum  Anima'le  Dippe'lii,  0.  comn  cervi,  0. 
0.  C.  rectijira'tuni,  0.  pi/ro-aiu'ma'le  depnra'tum 
seu  anima'le  cethe'reum,  I'yro'leum  os'sinm  recti- 
Jiva'tnm,  Animal  oil,  Animal  oil  of  Dippel,  (F.) 
Huile  animale  de  Dippel  ou  de  come  de  cerf,  is 
obtained  by  distilling  animal  matters,  especially 
hartshorn,  on  the  naked  fire.  The  subcarbonate 
of  ammonia,  which  it  contains,  renders  it  partly 
soluble  in  water,  and  communicates  to  it  the 
stimulant  properties  for  which  it  is  used  in  medi- 
cine.    It  is  employed  as  an  antispasmodic. 

Olkitm  Anima'li?  Empykeumat'icum  Chabeb'- 
Tl,  0.  Einpi/rcumiit' iciini  seu  anthclmin'ticiim  seu 
contra  tat'niain  Chaher'ti,  Empi/reuinat' ic  oil  of 
Uhalert,  Oil  of  Chahert,  (F.)  lluile  anthelmin- 
tiqne  de  Chahert,  is  made  by  adding  one  part  of 
animal  oil  to  three  Jiarts  of  oil  <f  turpentine, 
leaving  them  to  combine  for  four  days,  and  thea 
distilling  three  parts.  An  effective  anthelmintic. 
Dose,  a  teaspoonful  three  times  a  day. 

Oleum  Animaliza'tum  per  Infusio'xVem,  (F.) 
Huile  aiiinialisee  ]mr  infusion,  H.  aromatique 
ou  de  petits  chiens.  A  preparation,  formerly 
esteemed  tonic  and  cephalic.  It  was  obtained 
by  boiling  new-born  puppies  in  oil.  first  depriv- 
ing them  of  their  blood,  skin,  and  intestines. 
When  the  decociion  was  cold,  origanum,  thyme, 
pennyroyal,  St.  John's  wort,  and  marjoram  were 
added. 

Olkum  Anist,  see  Pimpinella  nnisum  —  o.  An- 
thelminticum  Chaberti,  Oleum  animale  empyreu- 
maticum  Chaberti — o.  Anthemidis,  see  .Anthemis 
nobilis  —  o.  Aurantii,  see  Citrus  aurantiuin  —  o. 
Ralaninum,  Guiiandina  moringa  (oleumj  —  ou 
Balsami,,see  Amyris  opobalsanium. 

Oleum  Benzo'ini,  OH  of  Benzoin  or  Benjamin. 
An  oil  obtained  by  heating,  in  a  sand-bath,  the 
matter  which  remains  after  benzoic  acid  has  been 
separated  from  benzoin  by  the  aid  of  heat.  It 
has  been  regarded  as  balsamic  and  sudorific. 

Oleum  Bekgamii,  see  Rergamot. 

Olkum  Bu'bulum,  Neat's-foot  oil,  (F.)  Huile 
de  pieds  de  hwuf.  It  is  obtained  by  boiling  in 
water  for  a  long  time  the  feet  of  the  beef — Boa 
domes'ticns — previously  deprived  of  the  hoof.  It 
is  introduced  into  the  officinal  list  of  the  Ph.  U. 
S.  as  an  ingredient  of  the  ointment  of  nitrate  of 
mercury. 

Oleum  Cacao  Spissatum,  Butter  of  Cacao  — 
o.  Cadinum,  see  .Tuniperus  oxyccdnis  —  o.  Caju- 
puti,  Caieput  (oil)  —  o.  Caniphoratum,  Linimen- 
tum cainpliorfe — o.  Cari  seu  Carui,  Cnrura  (oleum) 
— o.  Caryophylli,  see  Eugenia  caryophyllata. 

Oleum  Ced'rin'UM,  Ei-sentia  de  redro,  (F.) 
Huile  de  cedrat.     The  oil  of  the  peel  of  citrons, 


OLEUM   CHABERTI 


C50 


OLFACTIF 


obtained  in  Italy  in  a  particular  miuiner,  withoui 
distillation. 

Oi.EUM  Chabrrti,  0.  aniiuale  einpyreumaticum 
Chaberti — o.  Chenopodii,  see  Clienopodium  aii- 
tbehuinticuni — o.  Ciciniun,  sec  Rieiiius  connnu- 
nis  —  o.  Cinnamomi,  see  Laurus  cinnainuinuin  — 
o.  Contra  Tseniain  Chaberti,  Oleum  animale  em- 
pyreuinaticum  Chaberti. 

Oleum  Copa'ib.e,  Oil  of  Uopa'ibn.  (Copaih. 
tbij  ;  Aqua,  cong.  iv.  Distil  three  gallons  ;  sepa- 
rate the  oil;  return  the  water  to  the  copaiba,  and 
again  distil  three  gallons.  Separate  the  oil,  and 
add  it  to  the  other.    Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  gtt.  x  to 

XXX. 

Oleum  Cobnu  Cervi,  0.  animale  Dippelii — o. 
Cubebte,  see  Piper  cubebae — o.  Euphorbi*  lathj'- 
ridis,  see  Euphorbia  lathyris  —  o.  Fixum  nucum 
cocos  butyraceae,  see  Cocos  butyracea — o.  Foeni- 
cuii,  see  Anethum — o.  Gabianuin,  Petroleum — o. 
Gallinfe,  Alkale  —  o.  GaultheriiC,  see  Gaultheria 
— o.  Hedeom;L>,  see  Hedeoina  pulegioidcs — o.  Hy- 
perici,  see  Hypericum  perforatum  —  o.  Infernale, 
Jatropha  curcas  (oil). 

Oleum  Gram'inis  iN'nici,  Gntss-oil  of  Nemaur, 
Giiigerijrass  oil,  called,  by  the  perfumers,  oil  of 
gera'iiium,  and  oil  of  rose  (jerauiitm,  and  occa- 
sionally sold  as  oil  of  spi/ceiiiird,  is  obtained  from 
Andropoi/iin  cdlamtiK  (iroiiKiliciis  of  India.  It  is 
used  as  a  perfume,  and  like  the  essential  oils  in 
general. 

Oleum  Jec'oris  Asel'li,  0.  Mnr'rhnai  seu 
Jec'oria  MnvrhttcB  seu  Jecin'oiii  Aselli,  A.cnu'gin 
Gn'di,  A.  Piici'iia  maii'nd,  Codliver  oil,  Cod  oil, 
(F.)  Haile  de  morue  ou  de  Foie  de  monie.  The 
animal  oil,  which  appears  under  this  name  in 
commerce,  is  obtained  from  several  of  the  species 
belonging  to  the  genus  (Jadus.  The  Cod,  Godus 
mor'rhua ;  the  Dorse  or  IJorsch,  Gadim  Culla' riits, 
Morrhiin  Aiiicricn'na  ;  the  Coalfish,  Gadiis  cnr- 
boua'riiiH ;  the  Burbot.  Giidnn  lota,  Lota  vuh/a'ris ; 
the  Pollock.  G'idiis  pulla'chiiis ;  the  Ling,  Lota 
vtolva ;  the  Torsk,  Bros'miiw  viih/a'ris.  There  is 
reason  also  to  believe,  that  on  the  American 
coast  it  is  obtained,  also,  from  the  Hake.  Godiis 
uterine' eins,  and  the  Haddock,  Gadiia  aijlif  nits. 
The  clearest  sorts  are  generally  used.  An  excel- 
lent eutrophic,  in  tuberculous  and  strumous  affec- 
tions, rheumatism,  chronic  cutaneous  diseases, 
and  tumours  of  the  raamniEB,  Ac.  The  dose  for 
an  adult  is  from  f^'j  t"  f.^iss. 

Cod  lit)er  oleiii,  prepared  by  subjecting  codliver 
oil  to  a  low  temperature  and  separating  the  olein 
by  pressure,  has  been  used  in  the  same  cases  as 
the  oil. 

,'^kate  liver  oil,  O'letim  ra'im,  obtained  from 
Jla'ia  batis  and  It.  clava'ta,  is  used  in  the  same 
cases  and  doses. 

Oleum  .Iecoris  Morrhu>*;,  Oleum  jeeoris 
aselli — o.  Juniperi,  see  Juniperis  communis  —  o. 
Juniperi  empyreumaticum,  see  Juniperus  oxyce- 
drus  —  o.  de  Kerva,  see  Rieinus  communis  —  o. 
Kervinum,  see  Rieinus  communis. 

Oleum  Lauri'.num,  0.  lattri,  Oil  of  layi. 
An  oil  obtained  from  bayberries,  and  sometimes 
used  in  sprains  and  bruises,  unattended  with  in- 
flammation. 

Oleum  Laurinum,  Daphnelaeon,  ITnguentum 
Jj.  —  o.  Lavandulas,  see  Lavandula  —  o.  Lentisci- 
num.  Sehinelae'in — o.  Liinonis,  see  Citrus  medica 
— o.  Lini.  see  Linum  usitatissimum — o.  Lini  cum 
calce,  Lininientum  aquaj  calcis. 

Oleum  Lr'cit  Piscis,  Oil  of  Pike.  From  the 
liver  of  the  E>«ix  htcitis  an  oil  is  spontaneously 
separated,  which  is  used  in  some  countries  to  de- 
stroy specks  on  the  cornea. 

Oleum  Macidis,  see  Jilyristiea. 

Olrum  Malabathri,  see  Malabntbrum — o. 
Mari;e,  see  Fagara  octandra  —  o.  Mastichinuin, 
see  Pistacia  lentiscus — o.  Melaleucae  leucodendri, 


Caioput  (oil)  —  o.  I\IcnthiT>  piperita*,  sec  Mentha 
piperita  —  o.  Menthic  viridis,  Mentha  viridis  —  o. 
MonardiB,  Monarda  punctata  —  o.  Morrliuie,  0. 
jeeoris  aselli. 

Ol.KUM  E  MuClLAGIN'lBUR,  Oil  of  Mti'rlliii/rn. 
(Had.  ttlllicBce  rec.  tbss;  sent,  lini,  setit.  ftrtnttirarl, 
afi  ^iij  ;  aqita,  Oij.  Boil  for  half  an  hour;  add 
ol.  oliv.  Oiv  ;  continue  the  boiling  till  the  waior 
is  nearly  consumed,  and  pour  off  the  oil.)  Kuiul- 
lient. 

Oleum  MvniSTic.*;,  see  Myristica  nioschntn — 
o.  Myristicie  expressum,  see  Myristica — o.  Ncroli, 
see  Citrus  aurantium — o.  Nucista-.  see  Myristica 
— o.  Nucistae  Kthereum,  see  Myristica. 

Oleum  Oli'v^:,  0.  olivn'riiin,  Otire  or  ffidad 
oil.  An  inodorous,  insipid,  and  transjiarcnt  oil  ; 
obtained  by  expression  from  the  olive,  when  ripe. 
It  is  demulcent  and  emollient,  —  possessing  the 
qualities  of  the  fixed  oils  in  general. 

An  inferior  kind,  obtained  by  boiling  olives  in 
water,  and  skimming  the  oil  from  the  surface,  is 
also  used  in  Pharmacy.     See  Olea  Europica. 

Oleum  Omphacinum,  Omotribes  — o.  Origani, 
see  Origanum  —  o.  Oxydi  cupri  viride,  Balsam, 
green,  of  MetT — o.  de  Palnia  Christi,  see  Ricinua 
communis  —  o.  Palma\  see  Cocos  butyracea  —  o. 
Palmic  li(|uidum,  see  Rieinus  communis — o.  Pc- 
tra>.  Petroleum  —  o.  Petrae  album.  Naphtha — o. 
Picinum,  Brutia,  Pisselaeum  —  o.  Pinientae,  see 
Myrtus  pimenta  —  o.  Pini  j)urissimuin,  0.  tcrc- 
binthinw  rectificatum  —  o.  Pulcgii,  sec  IMentha 
pulegium  —  o.  Pyro-animale.  0.  animale  Dipju'lii 
— o.  Raire,  see  Oleum  jeeoris  aselli  —  o.  liicini, 
see  Rieinus  communis  —  o.  Rosa),  see  Rosa  ccn- 
tifolia  —  o.  Rosaruin,  RhodeliEon  —  o.  Rosniarini, 
see  Rosmarinus — o.  Rutae,  Peganelaeon — o.  Rulae, 
see  Ruta — o.  Sabinas,  see  Juniperus  Sabina  —  o. 
Sassafras,  see  Laurus  sassafras  —  o.  Scsaini,  see 
Sesamum  orientale  —  o.  Sinapis,  see  Sinapis  —  o. 
Spicae,  see  Lavandula  spica  —  o.  Siiicic  vulgaris, 
0.  terebinthinae  —  oi  Succini,  see  Succinum  —  o. 
Suceini  rectificatum,  see  Succinum. 

Oleum  Suluhura'tum,  Bal'satintm  snlph'itn't 
simpler,  Snlph'ttrated  oil.  (Sitljiliiir.  Int.  ^^Ij  ; 
olivcp.  olel,  Ibj.  Heat  the  oil  in  a  large  iron  pot, 
and  throw  in  the  sulphur  by  degrees  ;  stirring 
the  mixture  after  each  addition  till  they  unite.) 
It  is  stimulating,  and  was  formerly  much  used  in 
coughs,  asthma,  &c.,  and,  externally,  to  foul 
ulcers. 

Olkitm  Tab'aci,  Oil  of  Tobiicro.  Art  empy- 
reumatic  oil,  obtained  from  coarsely-powdered 
tobacco  by  heating  the  retort  to  dull  redness. — 
Ph.  U.  S. 

Oleum  Tartari  per  Df.ltquium,  Lirpior  ])<^- 
tassae  subcarbonatis  —  o.  Templinum,  see  Pinus 
mughos. 

Oleum  TEREBiN'THiNyE,  Oil  of  Tiirpniilne. 
The  volatile  oil  of  the  juice  of  pinus  palustris, 
and  other  species  of  pinus. 

Oleum  Terrbin'thin^k  Rectifica'tum,  0.  pinl 

piiris'sitiiiim  O.  T.  piirlfieo'tttm  seu  terehiit'thinm 
cetJte'reitm,  Rectified  oil  of  tiirpeiithie,  Sp.  of  I  it  r- 
jientiite.  Common  oil  of  tnrppiitine  is  also  called 
Common  oil  of  Spike,  Oleum  spiem  ridiju're. 
(Olei  terehi tith .  Oj  ;  itqned,  Oiv.  Distil  over  the 
oil.)  It  is  stimulant,  <liuretic,  anthelmintic,  and 
rubefacient.     Dose,  gtt.  x  to  f^j- 

Gnestonian  Embrocation  for  rheumatism  con- 
sists of  ol.  terebinth.,  ol.  olio,  aa  f^iss;  acid 
aulph.  dil.  f,^iij. 

Oleum  THROBROMyK  Cacao  Expressum,  Butter 
of  cacao — o.  Tiglii,  see  Croton  tiglium. 

Oleum  Valkria'.v/e,  Oil  of  Vale'rian.  The 
distilled  oil  of  the  root  of  Valeriana  officinalis.— 
Ph.  U.  S.     Dose,  four  or  five  drops. 

Oleum  Vixi,  0.  aethereum  —  o.  Vitrioli,  Sul- 
phuric acid — o.  Vitrioli  dulce,  iEther  sulphuricuj. 

OLFACTIF,  Olfactory. 


OLFACTION 


651 


OMASUM 


OLFACTION,. O/A"^''"",  from  olfacere,  olfac- 
Uim.  (ol/'re,  'to  smell,' and  yVicece,  'to  miikc/)  "to 
emell ;'  Oiphre'HlH,  OH/iliru'si'i,  Ouphre'sia,  Oinie'- 
iIh,  Qitnni'tii),  Odi)ii('liin,  ScitmiH  vniiioiiiet'ricui, 
SmiHii  of  smell,  Smtdliiirj,  (F.)  Odnriit.  The  sense 
by  which  we  perceive  the  iin|ire.'<fions  iniide  on 
the  oll'iictorj'  nervef  Ijy  the  odorous  particles  sus- 
pended ill  the  iitinos|phere.  The  oir:ictory  nerve 
or  first  i)iiir  has  usually  )»oen  considered  the  great 
nerve  of  suiell  ;  and  it  is  i)r(diably  the  nerve  of 
ppecial  sensiliility,  general  sensibility  being  cotn- 
inunicatod  by  the  brnnches  of  the  fifth  pair,  dis- 
tributed on  the  pituitary  membrane  of  the  nose 
and  sinuses. 

OLFACTIVE.  Olfactory. 

OLFAC'TOHY,  Olfnctive,  O/farfi'vua,  Ot/ncto'- 
riM,  Oi/jhran'ticiiK,  Onjjhniute'riiis,  Oxphre'ticus, 
(F.)  Olfdcdf.  Same  etymon.  That  which  be- 
lunsrs  or  relates  to  the  sense  of  smell. 

Oi.FACTOnY  Bri.B,  see  Olfactory  nerves. 

Oi.fac'tohy  Foham'ixa,  (F.)  Tious  olfnclifg, 
arc  the  holes  in  the  cribriform  plate  of  the' eth- 
moid bone,  through  which  the  olfactory  nerve 
pasises. 

Or.rACTOiiY  Lobe,  see  Olfactory  nerves. 

Oi.KAC'torY  Nkiivks,  Ethmoid'nl  nerves,  Par 
pn'miim  Nervtrnim  cer'ebri,  Nervi  odnrato'rii, 
Prdcfu'mis  vtaiiiilln'ves  seu  papilln'rimi  seu 
mniitillnres  cer'ebri  iid  nnres  seu  jxijiilla'res,  Ca- 
riiu'cidcB  nxttnilla'  reH, — the  Ji  rut  p<i  i  r  of  eiiceph  a  I'  ic 
nerves.  This  nerve,  which  probably  arises  from 
the  medulla  oblongata,  is  observed  to  leave  the 
brain,  opposite  the  inner  part  of  the  fissure  of 
Sylvius,  by  three  roots;  which,  by  their  union, 
form  a  triani^ular  knot  or  expansion.  AVhen  it 
reaches  the  ethmoid  fossa  it  expands  and  forms 
a  triangular  ganglion,  or  grayish,  soft  bulb, — 
linlhuii  (///'iirto' riiii,,  Ol/dctriri/  bulb,  tubercle,  or 
lobe,  —  which  furnishes,  from  its  inferior  surface, 
the  branches  that  have  to  be  distributed  to  the 
nasal  fossic.  These  filaments  are  very  numerous  ; 
they  [lass  through  the  foramina  in  the  cribriform 
plate  and  enter  the  nasal  fossic.  They  are  dis- 
tinguished into  the  iiiterind,  ejcteninl,  and  middle. 
The  former  are  distributed  over  the  mucous  mem- 
brane, covering  the  outer  paries  of  the  nasal 
fossfe  ;  the  second  descend  u|)on  the  septum,  and 
the  third  are  lost,  almost  immediately,  on  the 
porfi(m  of  the  pituitary  membrane  that  lines  the 
vault  of  the  fossa;. 

Oi.i'ArTouY  TuBKiiCLE,  See  Olfactory  nerves. 

OLFACTUS,  Olfaction— o.  Acutus,  Hyperos- 
phresia  —  o.  Amissio,  Anosmia  —  o.  Defieiens, 
Annsinia  —  o.  Depravatus,  Parosmiii. 

OLIIiANUM.  see  Juniperus  lycia- — o.  Sylves- 
tre,  see  PInus  abies — o.  Vulgare,  see  Pinus  abies. 

OLItivEMIA,  AnaMiiia,  I[;umaporia,  Hypiemia. 

OLKJIDRIA,  Ischidrosis. 

OLItJO,  from  oAiyoj,  'few,  little:'  in  composi- 
tion has  these  significations. 

OLICOBLKN'XIA.  from  oliyo,  and  (iXevva, 
'mucus.'     A  deficiencv  of  mucus. 

OLKiOCHOL'IA,  from  oli,jo,  and  ^o^*?,  'bi'e.' 
Pnucitv  of  bile. 

OLiGOCII'YLlIS,  from  ,.li;jn,  and  x^Xoi, 
'.juice,' '  chyle.'  An  epithet  for  food  which  is  but 
little  nutritive:   which  furnishes  little  chvle. 

OLIO  0  COP' HI  A,  from  oAiy-jj,  'few,'  and 
fovpos,  'excrement.'  Scantiness  ofalvine  evacu- 
ations. 

OLIGOCYTH.E'MTA,  from  oligo,  kvtou  'a 
cell.'anii  'tufia,  '  Ijlood.'  A  condition  of  the  blood 
m  which  there  is  paucity  of  reel  corpuscles. 

OLKiODAC'KYA.  from  o/.V/o,  and  Ju-cpu,  'a 
tear  '     Paucifv  of  lachrymal  secretion. 

OLTOOtJALArTIA.  Airalactia. 

OL1(!0(;.AT,[A.  Agnlaxis. 

OLld'OiLE-MI.V,  Auajmia,  Ilaemaporia,  Ily- 
paemia. 


OLIGOPO'SIA,  from  oligo,  and  vocn,  'drink.' 
Diminution  in  the  quantity  of  drinks. 

OLIGOPSYClirA.  Imbecility. 

OLIGOSIA'LIA,  from  oliijo,  and  ain\or,  'sali- 
va.'    Paucity  of  saliva. 

OLIGOSPEK'MIA,  from  align,  and  aKenf,,,, 
'sperm.'     Paucity  of  spermatic  secretion. 

OLKJOSPOND'YLU.S,  from  align,  'small,'  and 
ff7roi/(5ii>of,  'a  vertebra.'  A  monster  with  defective 
vertebra-. — Gurlt. 

OLIGOTRICiriA,  from  oligo,  and  5p<f,  'hair.' 
Want  of  hair.     Paucity  of  hair. 

OLIGOTKOPiriA,  Par'ciar  nvfrifio,  from 
align,  and  Tjitijiu),  'I  nourish.'  Deficient  nourish- 
ment. 

OLIGURE'SIA,  Olignre'aia,  Olignnre'sis,  Oli- 
gnnre'aia,  from  align,  and  ovpcui,  '  I  pass  urine.' 
Morbidly  diminished  urinary  secretion. 

OLISTIIEMA.  Luxation. 

OLIVA.  Olea  Eurojia^a. 

OLIV^,  Corpora  olivaria. 

OLfVAniE,  Olive-shaped. 

Cantere  OUraire,  of  the  French  surgeons,  is  a 
canter}'  whose  extremity  is  terminated  by  a  but- 
ton having  the  sliapc  of' an  (dive. 

OLIVARIS,  Olive-shaped. 

OLIVARY,  Olive-shaped— o.  Bodies,  Corpora 
olivaria. 

Ol.'lVAHY  Proc"ess,  Proces'mis  Olivn'ris,  is  a 
small  ridge,  running  transversely  between,  and  a 
little  behind,  the  roots  of  the  anterior  elinoid  pro- 
cesses of  the  sphenoid  bone,  and  by  some  consi- 
dered as  the  fourth  elinoid  process. 

OLIVE,  see  Olea  Europsca — o.  Tree,  Olea 
Europffia. 

OLIVE-SHAPED,  OHva'ris,  Olirifar'mix,  01'- 
ivnri/,  (F.)  Olivaire.  Resembling  an  olive.  See 
Corpora  olivaria. 

OLIVES,  PICKLED,  Colymbades. 

0/JV/E/i,  Olea  Europiea — a.  de  Boheme,  Le- 
dum palustre. 

OLIVIFORMIS.  Olive-shaped. 

OLIVINA,  see  Olea  Europwa. 

OLLA  CAPITIS.  Cranium. 

OLMITELLO.  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
thermal  spring  in  the  isle  of  Ischia.  Tempera- 
ture. 1(10''  Fahrenheit. 

OLOI'UL  YCTIDE,  Herpes. 

OLOPIIO'NIA.  from  oAAu,  .,A>ua),  '  I  lose,'  and 
0u)v)7,  '  voice.'  Congenital  misconstruction  of  the 
vocal  organs. — Good. 

Oloi'honia  Labii  Lobata,  Harelip  —  o.  Liu- 
gum  fricnata,  see  Ankyloglossum. 

OLSNITIUM,  Peucedanum  palustre. 

OLUS,  Lachanon. 

OLYMPIAN  SPRINGS,  see  Kentucky,  mine- 
ral waters  ot'. 

OMA,  w^d,  in  the  termination  of  many  words, 
is  perhaps  derived  from  oi^oj,  'crude,  wild,  imper- 
fect,' as  in  sarcojHCT,  ather«»/n,  Ae. 

OMACEPH'ALUS,  (F.)  Omac^jih„le,  from 
uiiios,  'the  shoulder,'  and  a«i/)«Xo?,  'devoid  <if 
head.'  A  genus  of  paracephalous  monsters,  with- 
out any  neck — a  slight  depression  indicating  the 
limits  of  the  head  and  body. — I.  G.  St.  llilaire. 

OM'AtJRA,  Jlom'agra,  from  wiius,  'the  shoul- 
der,' and  aypa,  'a  seizure.'    Gout  in  the  shoulder. 

OMAL'tilA,  from  oj^of,  'the  shoulder,'  and 
aXyos,  ']y,un.'     Pain  in  the  shouldar. 

OMARTIIRI'TIS,  from  w^inf,  'the  shoulder.' 
npfijiov,  'a  joint,'  and  itin,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  shoulder-joint. 

OMARTHROC'ACE,  from  w^oj,  'shoulder,' 
apdpov,  'a  joint,' and  «a<cof,  'bad.'  Arthrocace  of 
the  shoulder-joint.  Caries  or  suppuration  of  the 
shoulder-joint. 

OMA'SUM,  Omaiitis,  J^funypliea,  (Sc.)  Mnni- 
plies,    JIuniiyplies,    (F.)    Feuillet,    Millefeuillet, 


OMBILIC 


65  2 


ONCOTOMY 


Lii'ret,  Psaiilier.  The  third  stomach  of  ruminant 
animals. 

OMIilLIC,  Umlnlicus. 

OMIULIVAL,  Umbilical. 

0 Ml!  RAGE,  Nebula. 

OMENTA,  Menin^'Gs. 

OMENTESIS,  Epiploitis. 

OMENTITIS,  Epiploitis. 

OMENTUTiA,  Appendiculae  pinguedinosfc. 

OMENTUM,  Epiploon— o.  Coli.-um,  Epiploon, 
colic  —  0.  CTiistro-colicum,  Ei)iploon,  gastro-colic 
— o.  Giistro-splenic,  Epiploon,  gastro-splenic — o. 
Great,  Epiploon,  gastro-colic  —  o.  Hepato-gastri- 
cum,  Epiploon,  gastro-hepatic  —  o.  Lesser,  Epi- 
jiloon,  gastrii-hepatic — o.  Majus,  Epiploon,  gastro- 
colic—  o.  Minus,  Epiploon,  gastro-hepatic  —  o. 
Ossium,  Periosteum — o.  Sac  of  the,  see  Epiploon, 
gastro-hepatic — o.  Third,  Epiploon,  colic. 

OMICHESrS,  Micturition. 

OMICHMA,  Urine. 

OMI'TIS,  from  w/joj,  'the  shoulder,' and  ith, 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  in  or  about 
the  shoulder-joint. 

OMMA.  Eye,  Vision. 

OMNIPIIAGUS,  Omnivorous. 

OMNIVORE,  Omnivorous. 

OMNIVOROUS,  Omiiiv'orus,  Ommph'agus, 
Poiitoph'ngus,  (F.)  Oinnivore,  from  omnis,  'all,' 
and  voro,  'I  eat.'  An  epithet  for  animals — Pan- 
toph'arpKts — which  eat  every  kind  of  food,  animal 
or  vegetable. 

OMO.  In  the  composition  of  anatomical 
terms,  an  abridgment  of  omus  or  omus,  the  hu- 
merus. 

OMO-CLAVICULAR,  see  Coraco-clavicular. 

OMOCOTYLE,  see  Glene. 

OMO-IIYO'IDEUS,  Cor'aco-hynulem,  Hijnidis 
Qiiiii-fiin  Jhis'ciilus,  (F.)  Scapnhi-hyo'idien,  Omo- 
hyindie»,Omoplat-hyiiidien.  This  muscle  is  situate 
obliquely  at  the  sides  and  front  of  the  neck.  It 
is  slender,  long,  and  flat.  It  arises  from  the  su- 
jierior  costa  of  the  scapula,  near  the  semi-lunar 
notch,  and  from  the  ligament  that  runs  across  it, 
and  is  inserted  at  the  sides  of  the  inferior  margin 
of  the  body  of  the  os  hyoides.  It  consists  of  two 
fasciculi,  united  by  a  common  tendon,  and  is  a  true 
digastric  muscle.  It  depresses  the  os  hyoides, 
carrying  it  a  little  backwards,  and  to  one  side, 
except  when  it  acts  with  its  fellow,  when  the  bone 
is  depressed,  and  drawn  obliquely  backwards. 

OMOPHAG"IA,  Omom't'ia,  from  w/^of,  'raw,' 
and  0nyw,  '  1  eat.'  Fondness  for  raw  food.  Eat- 
ing of  raw  food. 

OMOPLATE,  Scapula  — o.  Col  de  V,  Collum 
scapulie. 

OMOPLA  T-HYO'fDIEN,  Omo-hyoideus. 

OMOS.  Crude,  Humerus. 

OMOSITIA.  Omophagia. 

OMOTAR'ICHOS,  from  (ojuof,  'the  shoulder,' 
sind  Tapi)/oi,  '  pickled.'  S'llinmen'ttim  crudurn  ; 
Stilted  Tniniy  Finh,  in  particular.  Properly,  the 
neck  or  shoulder-piece  of  a  salted  animal.  Once 
much  recommended  against  the  bites  of  vipers, 
and  in  hydrophobia. 

OMOTES,  Crudity. 

OMDTOCIA,  Abortion. 

OMOT'RIBES,  Omph'ic"i,ium  O'lenm,  from 
u>lxos,  'crude,'  and  rp(j3ui,  'I  bruise.'  Oil  expressed 
from  unripe  olives. 

OMPHA'CION,  oixifinmov,  from  OjiipaKog,  'an 
unripe  grape  ;' — Sitcnct  iircB  acer'bis.  Omphn'cium. 
The  iuice  of  unri)ie  grapes.     Also,  Verjuice. 

OMPIIACI'TES  (VINUM).  A  name  given 
to  wine  prepared  from  the  unripe  grape.  Oni- 
jihaei'tie  is  the  name  of  a  small  gall.  —  Dios- 
corides. 

OMPIIACIUM.  Verjuice. 

OMPHACOM'ELI,  from   o/jKpaKos,  'an  unripe 


grape,' and  /irXi,  'honey.'  Asoit  of  o.xyniel,  made 
of  the  juice  of  unripe  grapes  and  iioiicy. 

OMPIIALELCO'SIS,  from  o//i/iuAoj,  'the  navel,' 
and  'cXko^,  'an  vilcer.'     Ulceration  of  the  navel. 

OMPIIALEXOCHE,  Exomphalus. 

OMPHALOCAHPUS,  Galium  apari'ne. 

OMPHALOCELE,  Exomphalos. 

OM'PIIALO-CRA'NIOUID'YMUS,  from  o^- 
^iiXof,  'the  navel,'  <(paKor,  'the  cranium,'  inid 
^ii5d^o{,  'a  twin.'  A  doulde  monster,  in  which  tlio 
umbilical  cord  or  the  rudiment  of  one  fuetus  is 
rooted  in  the  cranium  of  another. 

OMPIIALOMANTI'A,  Om'ph„lomm,ci/,  from 
ojitpa\oi,  'tlie  navel,'  and  yrnvTua,  '  pri]])lu'cy.'  A 
species  of  divination,  practised  by  credulous  ma- 
trons, who  pretend  to  be  able  to  know  the  num- 
ber of  children  a  female  will  have,  by  the  number 
of  knots  in  the  navel-string  of  the  child. 

0M'PnAL0-MESENTER'IC,OH7j;»,/o-me,eH- 
ter'iciis,  Out' plitdo-vwuara' iciiD  ;  fi'om  o/jitpuXos,  'tho 
navel,'  and  mi-.seiitcriutn,  'the  mesentery.' 

Omimialo-Mksknteuic  Vksskj^s,  Vitcl'lo-me- 
setiter'ic,  Vit'elline  venxela.  Haller  gave  this  name 
to  two  very  fine  vessels,  which  spread  their  rami- 
fications on  the  parietes  of  the  umbilical  vesicle. 
There  is  an  omphtdo-mesenteric  artevy  and  vein. 
Tlie  oniphdlo-rneKeiiteric  artery  is  a  branch  of  tho 
superior  mesenteric; — the  vein  empties  itself  into 
the  trunk,  or  into  one  of  the  branches  of  the  su- 
perior mesenteric.  Velpeau  affirms,  that  they 
inosculate  with  a  branch  of  the  second  or  third 
order  of  those  great  vessels,  with  those  in  parti- 
cular that  are  distributed  to  the  csecum,  and  he 
regards  them  to  be  the  vessels  of  nutrition  of  the 
umbilical  vesicle.  They  are  occasionally  met 
with  in  the  foetus,  at  the  full  period,  under  tho 
form  of  whitish  filaments,  which  extend  from  the 
mesenteric  vessels  to  the  umbilicus. 

0  M  P  H  A  L  0  -  MESERAIC,  Omphalo-mesen- 

OMPIIALONCUS,  Omphalophyma. 

OMPH  ALONE  URORRHEXIS,  Ompha- 
lorrhexis. 

OMPIIALOPHLEBI'TIS,  from  op,(pa\o{,  'the 
umbilicus,'  and  jihlelltin,  '  inflammation  of  a  vein.' 
Inflammation  of  the  umbilical  vein. 

OMPIIALOPIIY'MA,  Ompludwi'cus,  from  o/j- 
(jxi'Xos,  'the  navel,'  and  ^vfiu,  'tumour.'  A  tume- 
faction of  the  navel. 

OMPilALOPROPTOSIS,  Exomphalus. 

0MPIIAL0RRHAG"IA,  Omphidor'  rhnfje, 
from  o/j(/)uAof,  '  the  umbilicus,'  and  priynviu,  '  I 
break  out.'  Hemorrhage  from  the  umbilicus,  in 
the  new-born  in  particular. 

OMPHALORRHEX'IS,  from  oiJi(Pu\os,  'navel,' 
and  jjrf^'i'  'rupture'  Omp)haloneurorrhex' ia.  Rup- 
ture of  the  navel  string. 

OMPHALOS,  Umbilicus. 

OMPH'ALOSITE,  from  o/KpaXus,  'the  navel,' 
and  aiTos,  'nourishment.'  A  monster  that  pos- 
sesses an  imperfect  kind  of  life,  which  ceases 
when  the  umbilical  cord  is  divided. 

OMPIIALOT'OMY,  Owphnlotom'ia,  from  o//- 
(pa\o;,  'the  umbilicus,' and  rcfivd),  'I  cut.'  Tho 
division  of  the  navel  string. 

OMPHALUS,  Umbilicus. 

OMUS,  Crude,  Humerus. 

ONAGRA,  a<'nothera  biennis. 

ONANIA,  Masturbation. 

ONANISM,  Masturbation. 

ON-COME.  A  Scotch  term,  according  to  Sir 
Walter  Scott,  for  "mysterious  diseases,  which 
baffle  the  regul.ar  physician." 

ONCOS,  Tumour. 

ONCO'SES,  from  oyKos,  'a  tumour.'  Tumours, 
as  diseases. 

ONCOSIS,  Intumescence. 

ONCOT'OMY,  Oncotnm'ia,  Onhotomy,  from 
oyKOi,  'a  tumour,'  and  tojh},  'iucision.'  The  open- 


ONCTlOy 


653 


OPACITY 


ing  of  an  abscess  with  a  cutting  instrument,  or 
the  exoision  of  a  tuniDur. 

0SCT[ON,  Inunction. 

ONCUS,  Swelling,  Tumour. 

OSDULA  TION,  Fluctuation. 

ONEHKRHY,  Paris. 

ONKIROCRIT'ICUS,  Oneircc' rites,  from  ovei- 
^oj, 'a  drciini/ iuid  Kptaii,  'judgment.'  One  who 
judges  according  to  drenins. 

0  N  E  I  R  0  D  Y  N '  I  A,  from  ovupoi,  and  oSwr,, 
'pain.'  Painful  dreams.  Jnciibuii  and  Somuam- 
liilimii  are  oneirodynia. 

O.NKiiioDYNiA  AcTivA,  Paroniria,  Somnambu- 
lism— 0.  Gravans,  Incubus. 

ONEIRODYNIE  URAVATIVE,  Incubus. 

ONEIROG'MUS,  Oneiroy'yue,  Oneiropol'esin, 
from  ovcipof,  'a  dream.'  A  lascivious  dream; 
pollution  ;  nocturnal  pollution. 

O.VEIROGOXORRIICRA,  Pollution,  nocturnal. 

ONKfROCJONOS,  Pollution. 

ONEIKOL'OGY,  Oneirolot/'ia,  from  ovapos, 
'a  dream,'  and  Aoyoj,  'a  description.'  The  doc- 
trine of  dreams. 

ONKIROMANTI'A,  from  ovcipoi,  'a  dream,' 
and  jtavTcia,  'divination.'  The  art  of  divining  by 
(Ireanis;  or  of  interpreting  dreams. 

ONEIRON'OSUS,  from  ovtipoj,  and  voaos,  'a 
disease.'  Somiiia'tio  morbo'sa.  Morbid,  uneasy 
dreaming. 

ONEIROPOLESIS,  Oneirogmus. 

ONERA  AliVI,  Excrement. 

ONO'LADE,  Paronychia. 

ONOLI'J.  Nail — 0.  hicanie,  Onj'cbogryphosis. 

ONOLKE  (¥.),  Difjito'nim  sfnpor  d  <jr!ii. 
Painful  numbness  at  the  extremities  of  the  fin- 
gers, caused  l)y  cold. 

ONGLET,  Pterygion. 

OSUUEXT,  Unguentum — o.  d'Althea,  Ungu- 
entuin  de  Altliwa— o.  Blanc,  Cerntum  cetacei — o. 
de  Illduc  de  h(deine,  Unguentum  cetacei  —  o. 
lilnnc  de  Rlinzen,  Unguentum  ))lumbi  subcarbo- 
liutis— o.  de  Ch-iiae,  Unguentum  plumbi  subcar- 
lionatis — o.  Citrin  coiifre  la  (jiite.  Unguentum  hy- 
drargyri  nitras — o.  Dhjestif  simple,  Unguentum 
digestivum  simplex  —  o.  Grin,  Unguentum  oxidi 
liydrargyri  cinercum — o.  de  Gtiimanve,  Unguen- 
tum de  altliiea  —  o.  de  Lanrier,  Unguentum  lau- 
rinum — o.  Mercuriel,  Unguentum  hydrargyri — o, 
Niipnlitiiiu,  Unguentum  hydrargyri^o.  de  Nitrnte 
de  meicure,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitratis  —  o. 
de  Poix  et  de  cire,  Basilicon — o.  de  S(ddat,  Mar- 
tiatum  unguentum  —  o.  de  Snremi,  Unguentum 
s.imbuci  —  o.  de  Toniamira,  Unguentum  plumbi 
subcarbnnatis. 

ONION,  COMMON,  Allium  cepa  —  o.  Sea, 
Scilla. 

OXIS'CUS,  AKel'lns,  Cii'tio.  Porce/'lio,  Parcel'- 
lus,  Pur'cuhm,  diminutive  of  ovoj,  'a  small  ass.' 
A  genus  of  insects,  C/(r««,  Crustacea,  very  com- 
mon in  cellars  and  dark  and  moist  places. 

Onisci  Asklli,  Millcp'edea.  Axelli,  Millpp'edep., 
Fitba,  Wood-live,  Slaters,  Ifo,/-llce,  (F.)  Clopor- 
li'K  ordinaires,  had,  at  one  time,  a  place  in  the 
pharmacopoeias.  They  were  considered  stimulant 
and  diuretic,  and  useful  in  jaundice. 

ONrri.'^,  Origanum  diotamnus. 

OXKOTO.MY,  Oncotomy. 

ONOLOSAT,  Obolus. 

OXOMATOCLESIS,  Nomenclature 

OXOMATOLOGIA,  Nomenclature. 

OXOXIS  ANTIQUORU.M,  0.  spinosa. 

Ono'nis  ,\i!Vkn-'sis,  (F.)  Ihigrane  des  champs, 
has  properties  like  the  next. 

Ononis  Spi.no'sa,  Ano'iiis,  Uestn  seu  Arres'tn 
lont,  I'em'orn  Arn'tri,  Ononis  aiitiqiio'rum,  Rest 
nurroir,  (F. )  Arrelr-bteiif,  Tiuip-ande  epineiise,  Pu- 
graiie.  Xat.  Ord.  Legurr.inosix?.  Se.r.  Si/st.  Dia- 
delphia  Decandria.  The  root  of  this  plant  was 
once  used  as  a  diuretic. 


OXOPORDON  ACAN'TIIIUM,  Onopor'dum 
oca  n't  III  111)1,  Var'diiiis  tomento'sus,  Acaii'thiiim, 
Ac'anos,  A.  spina,  Spina  alba,  Cotton  Thistle, 
(F.)  Chardon  aiix  Anes.  Ord.  Compositae.  Sej-. 
Si/st.  Syngenesia  Polygamia  a?qualis.  The  ex- 
pressed juice  has  been  recommended  as  a  cure  for 
cancer,  applied  externallj'. 

ONOPORDUxM  ACANTHIUM,  Onopordon 
acanthium. 

ONTIIUS,  Fimus. 

ONYCHATROPiriA,^<ro;,A',-«H»'^»,Vm,frora 
ovuf,  ovvxis,  'a  nail,'  and  atrophia,  '  want  of  nour- 
ishment.'    Atrophy  of  the  nails. 

ONYCHAUX'E,  Hijpertroph'ia  nn'gninm,  from 
ovv^,  ovvy^pi,  'a  nail,'  and  av(n>  'increase.'  Unu- 
sual increase  of  the  size  and  thickness  of  the 
nails. 

ONYCIIEXALLAX'IS,  from  owl  owxoi,  'a 
nail,'  and  t|i(XAu^i{,  'change.  A  morbid  condition 
of  the  nails. 

ONYCHIA,  Paronychia. 

ONYCIII'TIS,  from  omf,  owxo?,  'a  nail,' and 
itis,  denoting  innaiiiniation.  Inflammation  of  a 
nail.     See  Paronychia. 

ONY'CIIOC'EASIS,  from  om^,  ovv)(pi,  'a  nail,' 
and  K^naii.  'fracture.'     Fracture  of  a  iKiil. 

ONYCHOCRYPTOSIS,  Onychogrvidiosis. 

OHYC II  0  G  R  Y  P  H  0 ' S I S,  Onij'cho,p-,,po'si8, 

Oiii/rliof/ri/plo'sis,  Oiii/fhocri/pto'sis,  Gripho'eis, 
Grypho'sis,  Onyx'is,  from  oi-uf,  ovvxoi.  '  a  nail,' 
and  (/ry/iosis,  'crookedness.'  Curvature  of  the 
nails  ;  such  as  occurs  in  hectic  individuals.  Also, 
growing  in  of  the  nails  :  Incarna'tio  seu  Adnnca'- 
tio  seu  Arrtii'ra  iin'r/niiim,  (F. )  Oiif/le  incanie. 

0NYCII0X'0SI,"0,u/r//,>,i»'«i",  from  oyuf  ovvxo;, 
'a  n.iil,'  and  voaos,  'a  disease.'  Disease*  of  the 
nails. 

ONYCIIOPH'TIIORA,  Onyrhophtho'ria,  Ony- 
coph'tliora,  Oiiycoplit/io'ria,  from  ovuf,  ovvvos, 
'the  nail,'  and  ipSopa,  'degeneration.'  A  degene- 
rate condition  or  liestruction  of  the  nails. 

ONYCIIOPllY'MA,  from  ow^  on.;^.o?,  'the 
nail,' and  (/ivfin,  'a  tumour.'  A  painful  ilegene- 
ration  of  the  nails,  which  become  thick,  rough, 
and  crooked.  It  occurs  as  a  symptom  of  syphi- 
lis and  of  lepra. 

ONYCHOPTO'SIS,  Piptouye'Jiia,  l);a-'res!s 
Un'(/iil(B,  i'rom  ovv^  ovi<xoi,  'a  nail.'  ami  rrruan, 
'falling.'     The  falling  otT  of  the  nails. 

OXYCOPHTIIORA,  Onvchophthora. 

ONYX,  Hook  (Wuul).  Nail,  Pterygion.  Also,  a 
collection  of  purulent  matter  between  the  laminae 
of  the  cornea,  having  the  shape  of  a  nail.  Un- 
guis Lunula. 

ONYX  IS.  Onychogrvphosis. 

ONYXITIS,  .iee  Paronychia. 

OOCYESIS,  Pregnancy,  ovarian. 

OODEOCELE,  see  Hernia  (foraminis  ovalis.) 

OODES,  Aqueous  humour,  Oval. 

OOG'ALA,  Oog'la,  Ot/la,  Puis  ex  Orix  et  Lacfe. 
Milk  of  eggs,  from  oiov,  'an  egg,'  and  ya\a,  ■  milk.' 
A  preparation  of  eggs  and  milk. 

OOGLA,  Oogala. 

OOIDES,  Aqueous  humour,  Oval. 

OOLEMMA  PELLUCIDUM,  Zona  pellucida. 

OOLO(j"I.A,  Oroloij" ia,  OvoVo'jy,  from  wov, 
'an  ovum  or  egg,'  and  Aoyoj,  'a  discourse,'  'a 
description.'     A  description  of  the  ovum. 

OON.  Ovum. 

OONINE,  Albumen. 

OOPH'AGOU.S,  Ooph'ngus,  from  woi,  'an  egg, 
and  ipayia,  '  I  eat.'     Feeding  on  eggs. 

OOPHORAUXE.  Oarioparectama. 

OOPHORITIS.  Oaritis. 

OOPHORON,  Ovary. 

OORITIS.  Oaritis. 

OPACITY,  Opac" ttas,  Opalcenens ;  from 
opacarc,  'to  obscure.'     Quality  of  that  which  is 


OPAKE 


05  4 


OPHTHALMIA 


opake.  The  property  possessed  bj'  some  bodies 
of  not  allowing  the  light  to  traverse  them.  It  is 
o[)posed  to  transparency.  Opacity  of  the  cornea 
constitutes  albugo  or  leiicoma ;  —  opacity  of  the 
crystalline  causes  cataract. 

OPAKE',  Opa'ciis,  Opn'cnus.  Same  etymon. 
An  epithet  given  to  bodies,  vrhioh  do  not  permit 
the  passage  of  rays  of  light.  The  opake  cornea 
is  the  sclerotica,  in  contradistinction  to  the  trunn- 
2>arent  cornea  or  true  cornea. 
OPAKEXESS,  Opacity. 

OP'ALINB.  That  which  resembles  the  opal. 
A  fluid  is  said  to  be  opaline,  when  milky,  and 
when  it  presents  an  appearance  more  or  less  like 
that  of  the  opal. 

OPEOCBLE,  see  Hernia. 

OPERATIO,  Action,  Operation  — o.  Chirur- 
gica,  see  Operation  —  o.  Chymica  seu  pharma- 
ceutioa,  Operation,  chymical,  &c.  —  o.  Simplex, 
Haplotomia. 

OPERA'TION,  Opera'tio,  from  opus,  open's, 
'work.'  The  application  of  instruments  to  the 
human  body  with  the  view  of  curing  disease. 
The  object  of  an  operation,  opera'tio  chirnr'gica, 
is  generally  to  divide  or  reunite  parts,  to  extract 
extraneous  or  noxious  bodies,  and  to  replace  or- 
gans that  are  wanting,  by  different  instruments 
or  artificial  means.  The  principal  nperatory  me- 
thods have  been  called  Synthents,  Dicsre-tis,  Era- 
renin,  and  Prothesia.  Frequently,  the  most  diffi- 
cult subject  connected  with  an  operation  is  to 
decide  when  it  is  absolutely  called  for  or  advisa- 
ble, anil  when  improper. 

OPERATION  A   LAMBEAU,  see  Flap. 
Opeiiation^,  Bilateral,  see  Lithotomy — o.  Ce- 
earienne,  Cassarean  section. 

Oi'niiATiox.  Chym'ical  or  PHARirACEn'ricAL, 
Opera'tio  chym'ica  seu  phartnncen'tica,  is  any 
jirocess  whose  object  is  the  preparation  of  medi- 
cines; their  combinations  with  each  other,  ana- 
lysis, and  decomposition;  —  such  are,  solution, 
distillation,  sublimation,  evaporation,  digestion, 
laaceration,  infusion,  decoction,  calcinntion,  &c. 
Some  of  these  operations  are  mechanical;  others, 
really  chymical. 

Operation,  High,  see  Lithotomy — -  o.  Lateral, 
see  Lithotomy — o.  Sigaultian,  Symphyseotomy. 

OP'ERATOR.  Same  etymon.  A  surgeon 
who  is  in  the  habit  of  practising  the  greater  ope- 
rations. One  who  perforins  any  operation.  To 
be  a  good  operator,  the  surgeon  must  be  well  ac- 
quainted with  anatomy,  and  be  possessed  of 
strong  nerve.     See  Surgeon. 

OPER'CULUM,  Operto'rium,  Operimen'tum, 
from  operire.  '  to  cover.'  A  cover  or  lid.  In 
fishes,  the  gill  cover. 

OPERCunur  AsPER,B  Artrri/E,  Larynx — o. 
Cutis,  Epidermis  —  o.  Ilei,  Bauhin,  valve  of — o. 
Laryngis,  Epiglottis — o.  Oouli,  Palpcbra. 

Operculum  PAPiLLA'nusi.  A  shield  for  the 
nipple. 

OPERIMENTUM,  Operculum  — o.  Intestino- 
rum.  Epiploon  —  o.  Praetensum  abdominis,  Peri- 
tonaeum. 

OPERTORIUM,  Operculum. 
OPHELIA  CHIRATA,  (Jentiana  chirayta. 
OPHIASIS,  Calvities.  Porrigo  docalvans. 
OPHIOGLOS'SUM  VULGA'TUM,  O.  ova' turn 
seu  erhinoglos'snm,  (otfuq,  'a  serpent.'  and  yAiocrtra, 
'a  tongue.')  LInrjan  serpenta'ria.  Adder's  Tongue, 
(F.)     Lnngue    de    Serpent.      Ord.     Filices.      Sex. 
S/pit.    Cryptogamia.      This    plant  was    formerly 
considtTod  to  be  vulnerary. 

OPIIIOPH'AGOUS,  Ophioph'agus,  from  o^if, 
'a  serpent,'  and  <!>ayt,i,  'I  eat.'  An  epithet  for 
animals  which  feed  on  serpents.  Pliny  has  called 
cerfain  African  tribes  bv  this  name. 

GPHIORRHr'ZA,  0.  muu,,:..  from  o^if,  'a 
gerpent,' and  pijij,  'root.'     /''■.///•/,  Gentianaceae. 


Se.c.  Sj/st.  Ponlandria  Digynia.  The  name  of 
the  plant  whose  root  has  been  called  Radix  Scr- 
pen'tntn,  Mungos  Radix.  The  hitler  root  is  much 
esteemed  in  .lava,  Sumatra,  &c.,  fur  preventing 
the  effects  that  usually  follow  the  bite  of  (ho 
naja,  a  venomous  serpent;  with  which  view  it  is 
eaten  by  the  natives.  It  is,  also,  a  reputed  an- 
thelmintic. 

OPHIOXYLON,  Ophioxylnm. 

OPHIOX'YLUM,  from  oipiq,  'a  serpent,'  and 
luAov,  '  wood.'  Ophioxylnm  seu  Ophioxylon  ser- 
peuti'num  seu  tri/olia'tuin,  Acawe'ria,  Lignum 
serpentum,  Ord.  Apocynaceae,  has  been  recom- 
mended in  the  bites  of  serpents,  and  in  intormit- 
tents.     It  is  said  to  be  very  bitter. 

OPHIS,  Serpent. 

OPHI'TES,  from  o(pis,  'a  serpent.'  Serpenii'- 
nus,  Ser'pentine  or  Black  For' phyvy.  This  rock 
was  formerly  worn  as  an  amulet,  to  cure  diseases 
of  the  head. 

OPHROSTAPHYLON,  Bryonia  alba. 

OPHRYS,  Supercilium. 

OPHTHALMAL'GIA,  from  o<p&a\^os,  'the 
eye,'  and  aXyog,  '  pain.'  Pain  in  the  eye.  Neu- 
ralgia of  the  eye. 

OPHTHALMEMPASMA,  CoUyrium  sieoum. 

OPHTHAL'iMIA,  Ophthalmi'tis,  from  oipiaX^ioi, 
'  the  eye.'  Ocuhj' rum  injlanuna'tio,  Caiuna  oph- 
thalmi'tis,  Ophthalniopo'nia,  In/lamma'lion  of  the 
Eye,  Ophthal'my,  (F.)  Ophthalmic,  Ophlha'lmitc, 
Inflammatioit  de  roeil,  Catarrhe  oculaire.  Three 
great  varieties  of  ophthalmia,  independently  of 
the  acute  and  chronic  (which  conditions  occur  in 
all  inflammations,)  may  be  reckoned  : — the  Oph- 
thalmia membranarum,  0.  purulenta,  and  0.  tiimi. 
The  first  is  characterized  by  the  general  symp- 
toms of  ophthalmia; — pain  and  redness  of  tlio 
eye  or  its  appendages;  with  intolerance  of  light, 
and  unusual  flow  of  tears;  the  inflammation  being 
seated  chiefly  in  the  coats  of  the  eyeball.  It  is 
the  Hy menoplilhal' mia.  Ophthalmia  tnrax'ia  seu 
hii'mida  seu  vera  seu  cheino'sis,  ConjunctivI'lis, 
Injlamma'tio  conjunct!' r(B,  Symphymeni'tis,  Syn- 
desmi'tis,  Catarr'Jud  ophthalmia,  Ojihth(din<i-cnn- 
junctivi'tis,  Epiph'ora  (Galen),  Conjunctival  or 
Lach'rymdse  Ophthal'mia,  Tarax'is  (Paulus  of 
^gina),  Chemo'sis  (Actins),  (F.)  Conjonvlivite, 
[nflamniation  de  la  conjunctive.  In  the  sim-oikI, — 
Ophthalmia  purulen'taseu  puriform'is,  /ileunnph- 
thalmia,  Bleph' arohlenorrhce' a,  Opthalinohlennor- 
rhoea,  Blennorrhvea  oc'nli — the  internal  surface 
of  the  palpebras  associates  in  the  inflammation 
of  the  eye-ball  ;  and  there  is  a  copious  secreliijn 
of  a  purulent  fluid.  An  epidemic  and  contagious 
[?]  variety  of  this  is  the  ^Egyptian  Ophthalmia, 
0.  epidem'ica  seu  purulen'ta  cpidem'ica  seu  con- 
tagio'sn  seu  catarrha'lis  bel'lica  seu  bel'lica  seu 
Asiat'ica  seu  purulenta  conlagio'sa,  BlennorrliOf'n 
Oculi  JEyyptiaca,  Lremoph thai' mia,  Conjunctivl'- 
tia  puro-muco'aa  contagio'sa  seu  yEgypllaca,  Blc- 
jiharo'tis  glandula'ris  contagio'sa,  Adeni'lis  p<d- 
pehra'riun  contagiosa,  Sup'purative  ophthalmic, 
Epidemic  contagions  ophthal'mia  —  called  Ei/y/i- 
tian,  from  its  prevalence  in  Egypt  during  the 
British  Expedition  under  Sir  Ralph  Ahercromhic. 
The  inflammation  is  rapid  and  destructive;  gra- 
nulations shoot  from  the  tunica  conjunctiva,  and 
occasionally  there  is  intolerable  pain,  often  suc- 
ceeded by  delirium.  In  new-born  children,  a 
species  of  purulent  ophthalmia,  0.  purulcn  la 
infan'tum  seu  nconato'rnm,  Blepharophlhaiiiini 
seu  Lippitu'do  seu  Blennorrha-'a  Oe'uli  seu  Ojih- 
thal'mo-hlennorrhoe'a  seu  Blephamhli-nnorrhie'a 
seu  Blepharo-pyorrh'e'a  sen  Pyaphlhalmia,  I  inr- 
ophthalmia  neonato'rum,  Adenaii/nehitoni'tis.  (I. J 
Ophthalmic  puriforme  dea  noure<iu-neH,  in  which 
the  palpcbras  are  florid  and  peculiarly  tumid,  is 
by  no  means  uncommon.  It  seems  to  he  caused 
by  acrid  discharges  from  the  mother,  applied  to 


OPIITJIALMIATKR 


G.-). 


OniTIIALMIC 


the  eye  of  the  infant  during  its  exit;  or  to  the  i 
rtiinulus  of  the  liglit,  when  the  child  first  opens  I 
its  eyoK.     A  severe  fi)rm  of  purulent  o[»liihalinia 

fiypercoiiJiini.-livitK  (Piorry)     -is  produced   by  ! 

tlic  application  of  gonorrhceal  'natter  to  the  eye. 
It  is  the  Ophlhulinia  i/onorrho'icn,  lilrtniorrhte'a 
iii-iiti  tfdiionhii'icn,  (ii>norrh'Meph(irrhie'a,  Coii- 
jitiirlirittn  bhitiinrrhinj" ion  sou  i/oiii>rrli<>'!c(i,  Go- 
non-hie'fd  Ophthnl' mift,  (F.)  O/jlilh'tlnn'e  bUnnor- 
rhii'/ifjiii^,  Coiijinfticlle  Lleitiiorihufjiijiie. 

dplithalinia  is  likewise  modified  hy  the  condi- 
tion of  the  constitution,  and  hence  we  have  atru- 


mniiH,  vnn'oloHn,  and  other  inflammations  of  the 
conjunctiva. 

The //n'/f/ variety  —  the  0/>lilli'(liiii<i  Tnrsl  5eu 
<llntii.(>'mt,  n/p/>h<ir'>phth<il'iuiii,  /i/ephniulia,  B/e- 
plidriiti'tii,  Blephnri'tia,  BUjiIifiriiJeiii'lls,  Psor- 
ophthtil'  mi  a,  Oc'ali  pnlpebra'  rum  acn'bies  prttri- 
gino'aa,  Adeiiophlhalmid — is  seated  chieBy  in  the 
tarsus ;  the  sebaceous  crypts  secreting  ii  viscid 
and  acrid  fluid,  that  glues  and  ulcerates  its  edges, 
and  irritates  the  eye. 

The  ditferent  forms  of  inflammation  of  the  con- 
junctiva are  thus  classed  by  M.  Desmarres : 


Conjunctivitis \ 


3.  Granular  or  catarrhal.  ■ 


1.  Pure  or  phlegmonous. 

2.  Pustular. 
'Contagious. 

Non-contagious. 
Miasmatic. 

f  Erysipelatous. 

Exanthematic -i  ,,'"^',' •.'i'""' 

"■  j  Morbillous. 

[  Scurlatiuous. 

f  Of  new-horn  infants. 

4.  Purulent <  (xonorrhieal. 

I  Egyptian. 


Conjunctivitis,  when  slight,  requireslittle  treat- 
tueiit:  the  antiphlogistic  regimen— and,  particu- 
larly, avoiding  exposure  to  light, — being  all  that 
is  necessary.  When  more  severe,  along  with 
this,  general  and  local  blood-letting,  especially 
by  leeches  to  the  side  of  the  septum  narium, 
must  be  employed  so  as  to  make  a  decided  im- 
]iression  on  the  system  ;  with  nauseating  doses 
of  antimony,  purgatives,  blisters  (at  some  dis- 
tance from  tiie  organ),  refrigerants;  and  astrin- 
gents, cold  or  warm,  according  to  circumstances, 
l<)  the  eye.  In  Purulent  Ophthii/nn/,  these  mea- 
sures must  be  still  more  actively  em|)loyed,  other- 
wise disorganization  will  speedily  follow:  —  the 
granulations,  which  form  on  the  adnata  of  the 
eyelids  may  bo  removed  with  the  scissors,  and 
the  sore  be  touched  with  a  solution  of  alum. 
Ophih'ilmia  Tami  must  be  treated  on  general 
principles,  when  severe.  It  usually,  however, 
requires  merely  the  antiphlogistic  regimen,  with 
the  occasional  use,  especially  at  night,  of  a 
slightly  stimulating  ointment,  such  as  the  ungu- 
entura  hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi,  considerably  re- 
duced with  lard.  The  ointment  prevents  the 
eyelids  from  being  glued  together  during  the 
night,  and  thus  obviates  the  irritation 'caused  by 
attempts  at  separating  them. 

Oi'HTUALMiv,  vEoYi'TiAN,  SCO  Ophthalmia  —  o. 
Asiatica,  see  Ophthalmia — o.  Bellica.  see  Oph- 
thalmia—  o.  Biliosa,  Ophthalmocholosis  —  o.  Ca- 
tarrhal, see  Ophthalmia  —  o.  Catarrhalis  bellica, 
see  Ophthalmia — o.  Chronica,  Lippitudo — o.  Con- 
junctival, see  Ophthalmia  —  o.  Contagiosa,  see 
Ophthalmia  —  o.  Epidcinica,  see  Ophthalmia  —  o. 
•  Jlutinosa,  see  Ophthalmia  —  o.  Gonorrhoica,  see 
Ophthalmia  —  o.  (Jonorrhreal,  see  Ophthalmia  — 
o.  Ilumida,  see  Ophthalmia — o.  Lachrymose,  see 
Ophthalmia  —  o.  Membraniirum,  see  Ophthalmia 

—  0.  Neonatorum,  see  Ophthalmia  —  o.  Phlycte- 
nular, see  Ophthalmia  —  o.  Puriformis,  see  Oph- 
thalmia— o.  Purulenta,  see  Ophthalmia — o.  Puru- 
lenta  contagiosa,  see  Ophthalmia  —  o.  Purulenta 
epiilomica,  see  Ophthalmia  —  o.  Purulenta  infan- 
tum, see  Ophthalmia  —  o.   Rheumatic,  Sclerotitis 

—  o.  Sicca,  Xerophthalmia  —  o.  Suppurative,  see 
Ophthalmia  —  o.  Taraxis,  see  Ophthalmia  —  o. 
Tarsi,  see  Ophthaliuia — o.  Ulcerosa,  Ilelcoph- 
thalinia — o.  Varicose,  Cirsophthalmia  —  o.  Vera, 
see  Onhthalmia. 

01>iri'HAL>[rATER.  Ocullst. 
0  1*  II  T  IIALMIATKI'A,    Ophthnhniatrotech'- 
nica,  Ophlhdlmutkerapi'a,  {F.)  Oculintique  ;  from 


ophlhidinoK,  and  larooc,  'a.  physician.'  The  art 
of  the  oculist.     Treatment  of  diseases  of  the  eye. 

0  P  II  T IIALMIATKOTECIINICA,  Ophthal- 
miiitria. 

OPIITHAL'MIC,  OphthaV miens,  from  oph- 
thfiliiios.  That  which  relates  or  belongs  to 
the  eye. 

Ophthalmic  Artery,^,  orbilaire,  (Ch.)  arises 
from  the  internal  carotid,  and  issues  from  the 
cranium  by  the  foramen  opticum.  At  first,  it  is 
situate  at  the  outer  and  lower  side  of  the  optic 
nerve,  but  ascends  above  this  nerve,  and  passes 
towards  the  inner  angle  of  the  orbit.  It  fur- 
nishes, in  its  course,  tlie  Inch  ry  mo  I,  centralis  re- 
tiiiw,  itifrd-orbilnrs,  ciliarics,  anterior  ciliarien, 
inferior  and  superior  musculars,  anterior  and 
posterior  ethmoidals,  and  superior  and  inferior 
palpebrals.  After  having  given  off  these,  it  di- 
vides into  two  branches  —  the  frontal  and  nasal, 
which  furnish  a  number  of  ramifications,  —  some 
superficial,  others  deep-seated. 

Ophtiiai/mic  Gaxg'lion,  Lentie'ular  or  Cil'- 
iary  (janijlion,  Ganyliou  ophtlial' mieum  seu  semi- 
luna're  seu  cilia're,  G.  orhitaire  (Ch.),  is  one  of 
the  smallest  ganglions  of  the  body,  and  formed 
by  the  5th  and  3d  pairs  of  encephalic  nerves.  It 
is  situate  at  the  outer  side  of  the  optic  nerve  near 
the  bottom  of  the  orbit.;  is  irregularly  quadri- 
lateral and  flat;  its  colour  of  a  reddish  gray. 
Behind,  it  communicates  by  its  posterior  angles 
— by  means  of  nervous  filaments — with  the  nasal 
nerve  of  the  ophthalmic,  the  motor  oculi,  and 
offsets  from  the  sympathetic.  Each  of  its  ante- 
rior angles  furnishes  a  fasciculus  of  small  nerves. 
These  are  the  ciliary  nerves. 

Ophthalmic  Nerve.  Ophthalmic  Xerve  of 
Willis,  Orblto-fruntal,  (Ch.)  is  the  smallest  and 
first  of  the  three  branches  given  off  by  the  olli 
pair.  It  proceeds  along  the  external  paries  of 
the  cavernous  sinus,  and  enters  the  orbit  hy 
the  sphenoidal  fissure.  It  divides  into  three 
branches,  one,  external — the  lachrymal  nerve  ; 
another,  SH/)c)-)'or  —  frontal  nerve;  and  the  last, 
internal  —  the  nasal  nerve.  See  Lachrymal, 
Frontal,  Nasal. 

OpHTHAi.jfic  or  Optic  Rf.mkpv.  Ophthal'micum 
seu  Op'tieum,  (F.)  Topiqne  ophthalmiqne,  is  a 
medicine  employed  in  ophthalmia. 

Ophthalmic  Sinus,  see  Cavernous  Sinus. 

Ophthalmic  Vein  has  the  same  arrangement 
as  the  artery,  which  it  accompanies  in  all  its 
divisions.     It  issues  from  the  orbit  at  the  inner 


OPHTIIALMICA 


656 


OPIATUS 


part  of  the  sphenoidal  fissure,  and  discharges  its 
blood  into  the  cavernous  sinus. 

The  name  Fncial  Ophthalmic  has  been  given 
to  the  branch  by  whicli  the  facial  vein  communi- 
cates with  the  ophthalmic. 

Ol'HTIIALMICA,  Euphrasia  officinalis. 

OPHTHALMICI  EXTEUNI,  Motores  oculo- 
rum. 

OPHTEALMICUM,  Ophthalmic  remedy. 

OPIITIIALMIDIUM,  xMicrophthalmus. 

OPHTHALMTE  PURIFORME  DES  NOU- 
VEAU-NES,  see  Ophthalmia — o.  Bleanorrha- 
giqne,  see  0])hthalmia. 

OPHTIIAL.UITE,  Ophthalmia. 

OPHTIIALMI'TIS.  Ophthalmia.  This  term  is 
occasionally  restricted  to  inllammation  of  the 
globe  of  the  eye,  in  which,  both  the  external  and 
internal  structures  are  involved. 

OPHTIIALMIUM,  Microphthalmus. 

OPHTHALMO-BLENNOKRIIGEA,  Ophthal 
mia(purulent) — o.b.  Neonatorum,  see  Ophthalmia 
(purulenta  infantum). 

OPHTHALMO-CARCINO'MA,  from  ophthnl- 
mos,  and  Kapxivu^iia,  '  cancer.'    Cancer  of  the  eye. 

OPHTIIALMOCELE,  Exophthalmia. 

OPHTIIALMOCIIOLO'SIS,  from  ophihalmos, 
and  xo^"?)  'bile;'  Ophthnl'mia  hilio'sa.  Ophthal- 
mia from  biliary  excitement. 

OPHTnALMOCHROiTES,  see  Choroidea  tu- 
nica. 

OPHTHALMO-CONJUNCTIVITIS,  see  Oph- 
thalmia. 

OPIITIIALMOCOPIA,  Copyopia. 

OPHTHALMODULI'A,  from  ophfhalmiis,  and 
iouXtia, 'servitude.'  Eye-service.  The  title  of  a 
book  by  Bartisch  on  diseases  of  the  eye. 

OPHTIIALMODYN'IA,  from  ophthalmnn,  and 
oivvri,  '  pain,'  especially  rheumatic  pain  of  the  eye. 
Plenck  has  given  this  name  to  neuralgia  of  the 
frontal  nerve,  in  which  the  pain  radiates  particu- 
larly towards  the  bottom  of  the  orbit.  See  Neu- 
ralgia, frontal. 

Ophihalmodynia  Peiiiodica,  Neuralgia,  fa- 
cial. 

OPHTHALMCEDE'MA,  from  ophthnhnos,  and 
oiSijiia,  'oedema.'     ffidema  of  tlie  conjunctiva. 

OPHTIIALMOG'RAPHY,  from  ophtha/mns, 
and  ypa<firi,  '  a  description.'  The  part  of  anatomy 
which  gives  a  description  of  the  eye.  An  ana- 
tomical description  of  the  eye. 

OPHTHALMOL'OGY,  Ophthalmohn/'ia,  Oph- 
ihalmotol'iif/i/.  from  ophthalnidi,  and  Aoynf,  'a  dis- 
course.' The  part  of  anatomy  which  treats  of  the 
eye.  An  anatomical  treatise  on  the  eye.  A  de- 
scription of  the  eye  in  health  and  disease. 

OPHTHALMO'M'ETER,  from  ophthnhnos,  and 
litTfiov,  'measure.'  An  instrument  of  the  nature 
of  compasses,  invented  by  P.  Petit,  for  measuring 
the  capacity  of  the  anterior  and  posterior  cham- 
bers of  the  eye  in  anatomical  experiments. 

OPHTIIALMOMYi'TIS,  Ophthdmomyoni'tis, 
from  ophthdlmon.  /iuj,  'a  muscle,'  and  itis,  do- 
noting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  mus- 
cles of  the  eye. 

OPHTHALMOPARALYSIS,  Ophthalmople- 
gia. 

OPIITHALMOPHLEBOTOM'IA,  from  oph- 
thnlmos,  (p'Xctp,  'a  vein,'  and  ronn,  'incision.' 
Bleeding  from  the  vessels  of  the  conjunctiva. 

OPIITII  ALMO  PUTIIAR'SIS,  Ophthalmo. 
phthi'sis,  from  ophthaliiiiiK,  a.n'\  (j.dapais,  'corrup- 
tion.'    Destruction  of  the  eveball. 

OPHTHALMOPirrillSLS,  Ophthalmophtbar- 
sis. 

OPHTnALMOPLE'GIA,  OphthalmnparaVij- 
i>h,  from  ophthidmDfi,  and  jrX/trow,  'I  strike.' 
Paralvsis  of  one  or  more  of  the  muscles  of  the  eye. 

OPHTllALMOPONIA,  Ophthalmia. 


OPITTTIALMOPTO'SIS.frora  ophthalmon,  and 
irruffij,  'a  prolapse.'  A  word  emph)yed  by  soiiio 
autliors  in  the  sense  of  exophthalmia;  by  others, 
in  that  of  hydrophthalmia. 

0FHTIlALM01lRlIA(i"IA,  from  ophthalm„„, 
and  p);yiu/ji,  '  I  break  forth.'  Jleinorrliuge  from 
the  tunica  conjunctiva.     It  is  rare. 

OPllTHALMOS,  Eye. 

01'11T1IALM08C01'E,  see  Ophthnlmoscopin. 

0  P  11  T  II  A  L  M  0  S  C  0  P'l  A,  Ophlhn/moHCopy, 
from  ophlholiiios,  and  oKontu), '  I  regard  attentively.' 
The  art  of  judging  of  the  temper,  Ac.,  of  u  per- 
son by  examining  his  eyes.  The  art  of  judging 
of  health  or  disease  by  inspection  of  tlie  eyes. 
Exploration  of  the  eyes  in  order  to  a  diagnosis. 

An  Oj>hthal'moKC(>pe,  ophthdliiKiaciip' iiiin,  oph- 
th(dmos'f(ipuiii,  has  been  invented,  which  by  re- 
fleeting  the  light  on  the  reiina  enables  the  con- 
dition of  the  interior  of  the  eye  to  be  appreciated. 
To  a  form  of  the  ophthalmoscope  the  name  Aikkj- 
nos'takis  has  been  given,  after  a  younj;  Greek 
physician,  who,  it  was  thought,  invented  it. 

OPIITIIALMOSTA'TUM,  (F.)  Uphth„rnwstat, 
from  ojyhthaliiios,  and  ctoch,  'station;'  Spnc'ulum 
Oc'iili.     An  instrument  for  lixiiig  the  eye. 

OPHTIIALMOTIIERAPIA,  Ophtliainiiatria. 

OPIITIIALMOTOLOGY,  Ophthalmology. 

OPHTIIALMOT'OMY,  Uphth.,lm„tow'ia,  from 
ophthd/mos  and  rtjivut,  'I  cut.'  The  part  of  ana- 
tomy which  treats  of  the  dissection  of  the  eye.  It 
has,  also,  been  a])plied  to  extirpation  of  the  eye. 

OPHTIIALMOXEROSIS,  Xerophthalmia. 

OPIITIIALMOX'YSIS,  from  ophthalimm,  and 
^uo),  '  I  scrape.'  A  name  given  to  the  scarifica- 
tion sometimes  practised  on  the  conjunctiva,  in 
cases  of  oiihthalmia. 

OPIITIIALMOXYS'TRUM,  0^j;////<(/moay«'<(>r, 
Ophthulmo.cyate'rinm,  XijHtnim  ophthal' micum. 
Same  etymon.  An  instrument  for  scra|)ing  the 
eye.  Name  given  to  a  small  brush,  with  barbs 
like  an  ear  of  barley  or  rye,  intended  to  scarify 
the  eyelids  in  certain  cases  of  oiihthalmia. 

OPIITII ALM US.  Eye. 

OPIITII  ALMYMEXI'TIS,0/^A//(»/»,ry%meai'- 
tis,  from  ajihthnhnos,  'vftriv,  '  membrane,'  and  itin, 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflamuiatiou  of  one  or 
more  of  the  membranes  of  the  eye. 

OFIACE,  Opiate. 

OPIACUM,  Opiatum. 

OPIANE,  Narcotine. 

O'PIANINE,  Oplmii'na,  Opin'nia;  fromopi'im. 
An  alkaloid  discovered  in  opium,  which  resem- 
bles morphia  in  its  properties,  and  doses. 

OPIANUM,  Narcotine. 

OP  I  AT,  Opiate  —  o.  Dentifrice,  Dentifrice. 

O'PIATE,  Opia'tum,  Opia'cum,  J'lijun-cra'- 
cenm,  3/eco')iiciiii),  (F.)  Opint,  Opiac^e,  from  oviov, 
(u-nos,  'juice,')  'opium.'  A  medicine  containing 
opium.  A  medicine  that  procures  sleep.  An 
electuary;  —  formerly,  an  electuary  which  con- 
tained opium. 

O'PIATED,  Opia'tus.  Impregnated  with  opi- 
um.    Affected  by  opium. 

OPIA'TUM  FEBRIF'UGUM,  JFi'pc^i/'i'riVm  d' 
Kind  Kind;  Elec'tuary  of  Ciiicho'iin.  (Fuh. 
cinch,  ^^xviij,  amnion,  miiriat.  ^j,  mellla,  eyriip., 
absinth,  aa  ^^ij.  Make  into  an  electuary.  Ph.  P.) 
Given,  when  cinchona  is  indicated. 

Opiatum  Mesknteu'icum,  Electun'rium  de 
Al'ne,  Miiria'te  Hydrar'yyri,  et  Ferro.  {Gum. 
amnion.  §ss.  sennce  ,^vj,  hyilrargyri  snhmnriat., 
rad.  ari.,  aloes  socotrin.  iia  ^^ij,  ;)i(/i'.  urtnnvion. 
comp.  (vulg.  (ie  tribns,)  rhrj.  rad.  aa  .^iij,  ./e"'' 
limatnr.  porphyrisal.  ^^ss.  Bruise  and  mix  to- 
gether, add  of  compound  syrup  of  apjdcs  double 
the  weight  of  the  other  matters,  and  make  into 
an  electuary.  Ph.  P.)  Dose,  ^ss  to  gij,  in  ob- 
structions of  the  liver,  mesentery,  &c. 

OPIATUS,  Opiated. 


OPION 


6  57 


OPTIC   CENTRE 


OPTONT,  Opium. 
Ol'ISMA,  Suoeus. 

OPIS' rilENA  R.  l)ori}im  nif»Hf}«,  from  nmaOc, 
'backwards.'  and  Oiv„f,,  'the  flat  of  the  hand.' 
Ibe  back  of  the  hand. 

OPISTHOCEPIIALOX,  Occiput. 
OPrSTIIOCHANHIM,  Occiput. 
OlTSTIIOCYl'lIOSLS,  Cvphoma. 

Ol'ISTIIOLOii'IU.M.  0/,ixthoi'i,n„,  from  oTirrfft, 
•behind,'  and  hijiiov,  'the  lobe  of  the  ear.'  Any 
agent  applied  behind  the  ear. 

Ol'ISTIIOTIUM.  Opistholobium. 

OPISTIIOT'ONOS,  liophiH  poxler^n'neus,  Tel'- 
aniiH  diirnd'l'iH  seu  poxd'cus  sen  ponterya'iiciis, 
from  OTTiaSe,  'backwards,'  and  Ttivw,  'I  stretch.' 
A  species  of  tetanus,  in  which  the  body  is  bent 
backwards. 

OPIUM,  see  Papaver — o.  Colatura,  Extractum 
opii — o.  Depuratuin,  Extractum  opii. 

Opium  Eathus,  Theriaki. 

Opium,  Lkttuck,  see  Lactuoa. 

0P0I5AL.SAMIIM,  see  Amyris  opob.alsamum. 

OPOCARPASOX.  Carpasium  (juice.) 

OPOCEPII'ALUS,  (F.)  Opocfjthide.  A  genus 
of  monsters  having  the  two  ears  approximated  or 
united  under  the  head;  the  jaws  atrophied;  and 
no  mouth  or  nose. — I.  G.  St.  Ililaire. 

OPODELDOC,  Opodeldoch. 

OPODEL'DOCII,  Opo.hl'toch,  Opo<1eldnc.  An 
unmeaning  term,  frequently  used  by  Paracelsus. 
Formerly,  it  signified  a  plaster  for  all  external 
injuries;  now,  it  is  applied  to  the  Linimentum 
Saponis  Compositum. 

Opodki.docii,  Stkku's.  A  liniment,  called  after 
the  inventor.  There  are  many  formulae  for  its 
preparation.  The  f<dlowing  is  one.  Sop.  nib.  Ibj, 
camphor.  ^\j,  ol.  rnn'smai-ini  f.^iv,  spiritnn  vitii 
reetificati  Oij.  See  Linimentum  Saponis  Compo- 
situm. 

OPODEOCELE,  see  Hernia. 

OPODYMUS,  Diprosopus. 

OPOIDIA  GALBANIFERA,  see  Bubon  Gal- 
banum. 

OPOLE,  Succus. 
OPOLWE,  Succus. 
OPOPIOS,  Optic. 

OPOPONACUAI,  Pastinaca  opoponax. 
OPOPOXAX,    see    Pastinaca    opoponax  —  o. 
Chironium,  Pastinaca  opoponax. 
0P0P0X.\XW0RT,  Pastinaca  opoponax. 
OPO'RICE,  from  on'oipn,  '  autumnal  fruits.'     A 
medicine,  composed   of  several  autumnal  fruits, 
particularly  of  quinces,  pomegranates,  Ac,  and 
wine.     It  was  formerly  administered  in  dysen- 
tery, diseases  of  the  stomach,  Ac. 

OPOS,  Succus  expressus  —  o.  Silphion,  Laser- 
pitium. 
OPPIDULUM,  Vulva. 

OPPILATIO,  Emphraxis— o.  Tela;  Cellulose, 
Induration  of  the  collul;\r  tissue. 
OPPfLATIVUS.  Obs»uens. 
OPPO'XEXS,  (F.)  Oppo,n„u  from  oh,  and  po- 
nere,  'to  place.'  That  which  faces  or  is  put  in 
opposition  to  something.  The  name  has  been 
given  to  two  muscles  of  the  hand. 

Oppoxens  Min'imi  Dig"iti,  (F.)  Oppnmnt  du 
petit  iloigt,  Carpo-mfitocnrpieii  dii  prtit  doi'gt  (Ch.), 
MetacnrpSeti  dn  petit  doiijt.  This  muscle  has 
the  same  shapeand  arrangement  as  the  preceding, 
but  is  of  less  size.  It  is  situate  in  the  hypothe- 
nar  eminence.  Its  fibres  are  inserted  into  the 
anterior  annular  ligament  of  the  carpus,  and  ter- 
minate on  the  whole  length  of  the  inner  edge  of 
•  he  ,5tli  metacarpal  bone.  This  muscle  carries 
the  5th  metacarpal  bone  forwards  and  outwards,  | 
and  thus  augments  the  concavity  of  the  palm  of  i 
the  hand.  I 

42 


OppoNEys  Pol'licis,  Flexor  omis  metricar'pl 
pollicia,  F.  priiiii  interno'dii  (Douglass),  Oppo- 
iieiin  pollicie  maniin,  Aiitith'enar  sive  seniiiiiler- 
OHneuH  pollicie,  (F.)  Carpo-mStacarpien  dii  ponce 
(Ch.),  J/eliiCftrpiei)  dn  ponce,  Opponntit  dn  Ponce.. 
A  small,  flat,  triangular  muscle,  situate  in  the 
substance  of  the  thenar  eminence.  It  is  attached, 
on  the  one  hand,  to  the  anterior  annular  liga- 
ment of  the  carpus  and  to  the  trapezium  ;  and, 
on  the  other,  to  the  whole  of  the  outer  margin 
of  the  first  metacarpal  bone.  This  muscle  im- 
presses on  the  first  bone  of  the  metacarpus  a 
movement  of  rotation,  which  opposes  the  thumb 
to  the  other  finirers. 

OPPOSANT,  Opponens  — o.  d>i  Petit  doigt, 
Opponens  minimi  digiti — o.  dn  Ponce,  O()poueiis 
pollicis. 

OPPRESRIO,  Catalep.=y,  Oppression— o.  Noc- 
turna,  Incubus. 

OPPRESSION,  Oppres'sio,  Thlipfiis,  C«t,t- 
thlips'in,  frotn  opprimere  {oh,  and  previere,  pt-cn- 
snm,)  'to  press  against.'  A  state,  in  which  the 
patient  experiences  a  sensation  of  weight  in  the 
part  affected.  When  employed  abstractedly,  it 
means,  particularly,  Opprension  of  the  chest  — 
Opprexiio  Pec'torin,  (F.)  0.  de  Poitriiie. 

Oppression,  Opprcs'nio  vir'inm,  (F.)  Oppres- 
sion des  forces,  is,  also,  used  for  that  condition, 
at  the  commencement  of  fevers,  &c.,  in  which 
the  system  is  oppressed  rather  than  debilitated, 
and  where  the  vascular  action  rises,  as  the  ob- 
struction to  free  circulation  is  relieved  by  bleed- 
ing, purging,  <fec. 

OPS,  Eve. 

OPSKONUSI,  Opsionusi. 

OPSIALGIA,  Neuralgia,  facial. 

OPSIONU'Sl,  Opseonn'si,  from  oxPn,  'vision,' 
and  vovaof,  'a,  disease;'  Morhi  vis&s.  Diseases 
of  vision. 

OPSIOTOC'IA,  from  o^t,  'too  late,'  and  toko?, 
'birth;'  Pat-tns  sero'tinns.  Parturition  alter  the 
usual  perioil.     See  Pregnancy. 

OPSIS.  Pupil.  Vision. 

OPSOMA'NIAC,  Opsom'avea,  (F.)  Opsomrrne, 
from  oipov.  'aliment,'  and  jiavia.  One  wlio  loves 
some  particular  aliment  to  madness. 

OPTESIS,  Assatio. 

OPTIC.  Op'ticns,  Opo'pios,  (F.)  Optiqne,  from 
oTTTo^ini.  '  I  see.'     That  which  relates  to  vision. 

OPTIC  CENTRE,  Cenfmm  op'ticnm.  The 
optic  centre  of  the  crystalline  is  the  point  at 
which  the  various  rays  proceeding  from  an  object 
cross  in  their  way  to  the  retina. 

Optic  Commissurk,  see  Chiasmus. 

Optic  Foramen,  Fom'men  op'ticnm,  (P.)  Troti 
optiipie.  A  round  opening  in  the  sphenoid  bone, 
near  the  base  of  its  lesser  ala,  through  which  the 
optic  nerve  passes. 

Optic  (Janglia,  Quadrigemina  tubercula. 

Optic  Groove.  A  transverse  groove  on  the  su- 
perior surface  of  the  sphenoid  bone,  on  which  the 
commissure  of  the  optic  nerve  rests,  and  which  is 
continuous  on  each  side  with  the  optic  foramen. 

Optic  Lobes,  Quadrigemina  tubercula. 

Optic  Nerve,  Nerrns  op'ticns  seu  visi'v)is  seu 
lu'so'rins.  Par  secini'dnm  seu  op'ticnm  seu  viso'- 
rinni,  Kerve  of  the  2d  pnir.  Ocular  nerre  of 
Chaussior.  The  optic  nerves  are  remarkable  for 
their  size;  for  their  running  a  longer  course 
within  than  without,  the  cranium  ;  and  for  their 
furnishing  no  branch  from  their  origin  to  their 
termination.  They  do  not  seem  to  arise,  as  was 
long  supposed,  from  the  optic  thalami,  but  from 
the  tubercula  quadrigemina.  Immediately  after 
their  origin,  the  optic  (rnrts,  Tractns  op'lici,  pro- 
ceed fr)rwards  :  are,  at  first,  broad  and  fl:it;  but 
afterwards  become  narrower  and  round.  In  front 
of  the  fossa  pituitaria,  they  unite  and  decussate, 
each  nerve  proceeding  through  the  optic  foramen 


OFTICO-TROCnLEI-SCLEROTIClEN G  5  8 


ORBITAR 


of  the  sphenoid  bone  with  the  ophthalmic  artery, 
.■mil  thniuj^h  the  Forn'men  op'ticum  vlioriniclea, 
to  tonii  the  retina.  The  nerve  passes  to  the  back 
part  of  the  iflobe  of  the  eye,  beeoraes  narrower, 
ami  enters  tliat  organ  at  a  flattened  circular  pa- 
pilla—  Cdllic'uliis  seu  Pnpif/'a  nervi  optici  —  to 
give  rise  to  the  nervous  expansion  called  the 
retina.  Between  the  colliculus  and  the  yellow 
spot  of  Souiinering,  a  small  projection  or  fold  of 
the  retina  passes — plica  centra'lis  ret'iiKF..  Besides 
its  neurilemma,  the  optic  nerve  is  surrounded  by 
a  sheath,  furnished  by  the  dura  mater.  This  ac- 
companies it  as  far  as  the  eye. 

The  optic  nerve  is  the  nerve  of  special  sensi- 
bility of  the  eye.  In  the  centre  of  the  nerve, 
there  is  a  piiiictnm  ccp.cnm,  viac'iila  7>l()ra,  where 
tlje  central  artery  enters  the  eye,  and  the  cor- 
responding vein  passes  out.  If  a  ray  of  light 
iiills  on  this  spot  it  is  not  appreciated. 

Optic  Rkmkdy,  see  Ophthalmic  remedy  —  o. 
Thalami.Thalami  nervorum  gpticorum — o.  Tracts, 
see  Optic  nerve.  , 

OPTICO-TRO  CHLEI-  SCLER  0  TICIEN, 
Oblique,  superior  of  the  eye. 

OPTICUM,  Ophthalmic  remedy. 
OPTILOS,  Eye. 

OPTOM'ETER,  from  ottto/ioi,  'I  see,'  and 
ficrpov,  '  a  measure.'  An  instrument  for  measuring 
the  distance  of  distinct  vision. 

OPUNTIA,  Cactus  opuntia — o. Vulgaris,  Cactus 
opuntia. 

OR,  Gold — o.  Blanc,  Platinum — o.  Cyanure  d', 
see  Gold — o.  Divise,  see  Gold — o.Hi/ilrocli/ornte  d', 
see  Gold — o.  Jadiire  d',  see  Gold  —  o.  Metallique, 
see  Gold — o.  Nitromiiriale  d\  see  Gold — o.  Oxide 
d',  see  Gold  —  n.  et  de  Sodiiini  chlornre  d',  see 
(Jold — o.  et  de  Sonde,  Hydvochlornte  d',  see  Gold 
— o.  et  de  Sonde,  Muriate  d',  see  (iold. 
ORA  SERRATA,  see  Ciliary  (Body.) 
ORACIIE,  SPREADING,  Atriple.x  patula— o. 
Stinking,  Chenopodium  vulvaria. 

ORAL,  Vocal,  (F.)  Oral,  from  os,  oris,  'a 
moutli.'     Relating  to  the  mouth  or  to  speech. 

ORANGE,  Citrus  aurantium  —  o.  Bitter,  see 
Citrus  aurantium  —  o.  Flowers  of  the,  see  Citrus 
aurantium. 

Orange  Grass,  Hypericum  sarothra — o.  Root, 
Hydrastis  Canadensis  —  o.  Tree,  Citrus  auran- 
tium. 

ORANGEADE.  A  drink,  made  with  orange 
juice  diluted  with  water.  It  is  antiphlogistic, 
and  often  recommended  in  acute  diseases. 

ORANGES,  see  Citrus  aurantium  —  o.  Curas- 
soa,  Aurantia  curassaventia. 

ORBES  CARTILAGINOSI  TRACHEAE,  see 
Trachea.  ^ 

ORBICiTLATRE  DES  LEVRES,  Orbicularis 
oris — o.  des  Patipieres,   Orbicularis  palpebrarum. 
ORBICULAR,  Orbicula'riH,  (F.)  Orbiculaire, 
from  orbis,  'a  circle.'     Spherical,  circular. 

Orbicular  Bone,  0«  orbienla're  seu  lenticu- 
hi're  seu  Si/lrii  seu  orbicula're  Si/l'vii,  Glob'ulus 
slap'edin  ohhIs,  Epipli'yxis  cruris  lotii/io'rii  in'oi- 
dis,  Oiiic'ulum  orbicula're  seu  squamo'sum  seu 
cochleare  seu  quartum,  is  the  smallest  of  the  four 
bones  of  the  ear.  It  is  scarcely  perceptible,  round, 
convex  on  two  surfaces,  and  situate  between  the 
long  ramus  of  the  incus  and  the  head  of  the 
stapes. 

Orbicitlar  Muscles  are  muscles  with  circular 
fibres  surrounding  some  natural  opening  of  the 
body.  1.  Orbicula'ris  seu  Conntric'tor  Oris, 
Sphincter  Lablo'rvm,  Semi  seu  Demi-orbicnla' ria, 
Suprn-xemi -orbicula'ris,  Labi  a' lis,  Oscnlalo'rius, 
Basia'tor,  (F.)  Labial,  Orbiculaire  des  linres.  A 
muscle  situate  in  the  substance  of  the  lips,  and 
extending  from  one  commissure  to  the  other. 
It  is  formed  of  two  very  distinct  portions,  of  a 
aemi-oval  shape;  one  belonging  to  the  upper  lip, 


the  other  to  the  lower.  Their  extremities  cross 
at  the  coiuinissures,  and  are  confounded  with  the 
other  muscles  of  the  parts.  The  use  of  this  fleshy 
muscle  is  to  bring  the  lips  together,  and  to  close 
the  ajierture  of  the  mouth,  by  uuiking  it  repre- 
sent a  sort  of  btiurrelct  with  radiated  wrinliles. 
It  is  an  antagonist  to  every  other  muscle  of  the 
lips.  2.  Orbicularis  I'alpibra'runi  seu  oc'uli  scu 
2>alpebra'runi  cili<('ris,  I'alpvbra'rnm  dno  vius'. 
cnli,  /'(djicbra'lis,  Couslrict'or  SCU  Sphincter  Pnl. 
J>ebra'rum  seu  Ocnli,  (F.)  Naso-pidpibrul  (Cll.), 
Maxil'lo-]>al])fbral,  Palpebral,  Orbiculaire  del 
panpieres.  A  muscle  common  to  both  the  eyelids, 
and  seated  in  their  substance.  It  is  broad,  Ihin, 
transversely  oval,  and  cleft  in  its  great  diameter. 
It  is  attached  to  the  nasal  process  of  the  su|;crior 
maxillary  bone ;  to  the  internal  anguhir  process 
of  the  frontal  bone,  and  to  the  orbitar  process  of 
the  superior  maxillary  bone.  From  tliese  origins 
the  muscle  passes  outwards,  under  the  skin  of  the 
eyelids,  surrounding  the  orbit  in  a  circular  man- 
ner, extending  somewhat  beyond  it,  and  covering 
the  upi)er  part  of  the  cheek.  It  is  inserted  into 
the  skin  of  the  eyelids,  its  upper  and  inner  edge 
being  intimately  connected  with  the  frontal  and 
corrugator  muscles.  Its  use  is  to  close  the  eye, 
by  bringing  the  eyelids  together.  The  jiart  of 
the  orbicularis  which  covers  the  cartilages  of  the 
eyelids,  and  which  is  remarkably  thin,  is  the 
3Iusculus  Ciliaris  of  some  authors. 

ORBICULARIS  OCULI,  Orbicularis  pnlpc- 
brarum,  see  Orbicular  muscles  —  o.  Oris,  see  Or- 
bicular muscles  — o.  Palpebrarum,  see  Orbicular 
muscles  —  o.  Palpebrarum  ciliaris,  see  Orbicular 
muscles — o.  Recti,  Sphincter  ani  externus. 

ORBICULUS  CILIARIS,  Ciliary  ligament, 
Ciliary  zone. 

ORBIS  GENU,  Patella. 

ORBIT,  Or'bita,  0.  oc'uli,  Troch'in,  Coiwhis 
seu  Cav'itas  seu  Fo'vea  seu  Pelvic'nla  oc'uli, 
(F.)  Orbite,  from  orbis,  'a  circle.'  The  circular 
cavities  are  so  called,  which  lodge  the  organs  of 
sight.  The  orbits  or  orbitar  foKsm  or  cnvities, 
conchi.  Koyxot,  are  situate  at  the  upper  part  of  the 
face,  and  are  composed  of  seven  bones,  viz. : — 
the  frontal,  above ;  the  ;)fi/«/e  and  superior  uiniil- 
lary,  below  ;  the  sphenoid  and  vinlar,  externally; 
and  the  ethmoid  and  lachrymal,  internally.  The 
orbit  is  filled  by  the  globe  of  the  eye,  with  its 
different  accessory  parts  —  muscles,  nerves,  ves- 
sels, the  lachrymal  gland,  <fcc.  Its  margin  is 
termed  viargo  orbita'lis. 

ORBITA.  Orbit  — o.  Oculi,  Orbit. 

ORBITAL,  Orbitar— o.  Fissure,  inferior,  Sphe- 
noidal fissure  —  o.  Fissure,  superior.  Maxillary 
fissure. 

OR'BITAR,  Orbitn'rins,  Orb'ta'lis,  Qr'hilal, 
(¥.)  Otbitaire.  Same  etymon.  Relating  or  be- 
longing to  the  orbit. 

Orbitar  Apoph'ysks  or  Proc"esses  terminate 
the  two  extremities  of  the  orbitar  arch.  The  ex- 
ternal is  much  more  prominent,  and  is  articulated 
with  the  cheek-hone  ;  the  internal  is  thinner,  and 
joins  the  os  unguis. 

Orbitar  Arch,  (F.)  Arcade  orbitnire,  is  the 
projecting,  round  margin,  which  separates  the 
frontal  and  orbitar  surfaces  of  the  os  froiitis,  and 
forms  a  part  of  the  circumference  of  the  orbit. 

Or'bitar  Fissures,  (F.)  Fentes  nrbil'tiref. 
These  are  situate  in  the  orbit.  They  arc  two  in 
number:  one  superior,  the  Sphenoidal;  the  other 
inferior,  the  Spheno-maxillary. 

Orbitar  Fouam'ina.  Of  these  there  are  seve- 
ral: — 1.  The  Foramen  orbitarium  supe'rius,  (F.) 
Trou  orbitaire  snperienr,  which  is  situate  at  tlie 
junction  of  the  inner  third  of  the  orbitar  anh 
with  its  two  outer  thinls,  and  gives  piis!<ngc  to 
the  frontal  nerve.  2.  The  Foram'ina  orhilu'ria 
interio'ra    seu    iuter'na,    Foram'ina   Ethmu'idea. 


orbito-extus-sclMoticien    G  5  9 


ORGANIZABLE 


These  are  situate  at  the  upper  part  of  the  inter- 
niil  paries  of  the  orbit,  are  formed  by  the  union 
of  two  notches  of  the  os  frontis  with  two  siinihir 
ones  of  the  ethmoid;  and  are  distinguished  into 
(rti/eriorand  posterior.  The  former  gives  passage 
It  the  ethmoidal  filament  of  the  nasal  nerve  and 
to  a  small  artery. 

OitBiTAn  Nkiivk,  NervHS  orbita'h's  sen  orhita'- 
rlits  sou  aubciitd' liens  vuilee,  is  a  branch  given  off 
from  the  superior  maxillary.  It  enters  the  orbit 
by  the  sphcno-maxillary  fissure,  and  divides  into 
two  filaments;  the  one  —  mnlur — which  passes 
over  the  cheek-bone,  is  distributed  to  the  orbicu- 
laris palpebrarum,  and  anastomoses  with  the  fa- 
cial nerve;  the  other  —  temporal  —  which  passes 
til  the  temporal  fossaj,  and  anastomoses  with  the 
iTifcrior  maxillary  and  facial,  to  become  after- 
wards subcutaneous. 

OitBiTAR  Surface,  see  Maxillary  bone  (supe- 
rior). 

ORDITO-EXTUS-SCLEROTWIEN,  Rectus 
cxternus  oculi  —  o.  Tntui-  Scleroticien,  Rectus  in- 
tornus  oculi  —  o.  MaxUlo-lahinl,  Levator  labii 
puperioris  proprius  —  o.  Palpfbral,  Levator  pal- 
pohra?  superioris — o.  Siis-palpebral,  Levator  pal- 
pebra;  superioris. 

ORCANETTE,  Anchusa  officinalis. 

ORCHALGIA,  Orchidalgia. 

OKCHAS,  Scrotum. 

ORCIIEI'TIS,  Osvhi'th,  Oxchei'th,  Liflnmma'- 
tio  scroti,  from  opx<'-i<  '  the  scrotum,'  and  itis, 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
scrotum. 

Orciiritis,  Hernia  humoralis. 

ORCIIKOCATABASIS,  Orchidocatabasis. 

OUrilHOCi'M-K,  Orchiocele. 

ORCII  KO  rOMY,  Castration. 

ORCUKSTROMANIA,  Chorea. 

ORCIIIDAL'(}IA,  OrchaVijin,  Orchidndyn'ia, 
from  oo^ii,  up^i&oi,  'a  testicle,'  and  a^yos,  '  pain.' 
Piiin  of  the  testicle.  Neuralgia  of  the  testicle. 
Irritable  testicle.     A  form  of  neuralgia. 

ORCIIIDATROPiriA,  Atroph'ia  testic'uH, 
from  op^ii,  op-xiioq,  'a  testicle,'  and  atrophia, 
'atrn]ihy.'     Atrophv  or  wasting  of  the  testicle. 

ORCillDITIS,  licrnia  humoralis. 

ORCHIDOCARPUM  ARIETINUM,  see  Ca- 
rica  papava. 

ORClliDOCATAB'ASIS,  OrchcorotaVasis,  De- 
Kcen'mis  tcsticvlo'rum,  from  0();;^K,  op;^((5of,  '  the  tes- 
tis, and  Kara^aaii,  'descent.'  The  descent  of  the 
testes  into  the  scrotum. 

ORCIIIDOCELE,  Hernia  humoralis. 

ORCHIDODYNIA.  Orchidalgia. 

ORCHIDOXCUS,  Hernia  humoralis. 

ORCIIIDOTOMY,  Castration. 

ORCHILL,  Lip_hen  roccella. 

ORCHIOCE'LB,  Orcheoce'le,  from  opxti,  opx^- 
Aof,  'the  testicle,'  and  KTt\ri,  *a  rupture.'  A  tu- 
Miiiur  of  the  testicle.  Scrotal  hernia.  Hernia 
humoralis.  A  name  given  to  several  diseases  of 
tlie  testicle  and  its  envelojies,  essentially  differing 
from  each  other. 

OitcmocK'LE  SciRRHo'sA,  Scirrhoce'le.  A  ma- 
lignant tumour  of  the  testis. 

ORCHIS.  Testicle— o.  Butterfly.  Orchis  bifolia. 

OliCllls  JIas'cula,  Sati/r'ion,  Testic'iilim  cani'- 
ii/oi,  Ci/ Honor' chin,  Doifs'  stones,  Mole  orchis,  Bal- 
liic/:  i/ritss,  Mule  Fools'  stones,  Twinroot.  Oril.  \ 
Orchidacere.  This  root  had  a  place  in  some  phar- 
inncopa'ias,  on  account  of  the  glutinous,  slimy 
juice  it  contains.  The  root  of  the  Orchis  hifo'lia 
or  liiitier/li/  orchis,  has  likewise  been  collected. 
It  has  been  used  as  a  demulcent.  Its  fancied 
aphrodisiac  virtues  seem  to  be  owing  to  its  re- 
seinlilanco  to  opx'i-  ' '^  testicle,'  whence  its  name. 
.'inlcp  is  obtained  from  this  variety  of  the  or- 
chis;—  and  from  the  Orchis  morio,  Jbc.  See 
Sulep. 


Orchis,  Rou.nd-leaved,  Large,  Platanthera 
orbiculata. 

ORCHITE,  Hernia  humoralis. 

ORCHITIS,  Hernia  humoralis. 

ORCIIOI,  see  Tarsus. 

OKCHOTOMIA,  Castration.  Also,  removal 
of  the  tarsi. 

ORDKAL  NUT— called  Esire  by  the  natives 
of  Calabar — of  the  natural  family  Leguminosae, 
and  closely  resembling  a  Dolichos,  is  possessed 
of  virulent  acro-narcotic  properties. 

ORDEOLUM,  Hordeolum. 

ORDEUM.  Hordeum. 

ORDINAUiES,  Menses. 

ORDO  MEDICINALIS,  Police,  medical. 

ORDONXANCE,  Formula,  Prescription. 

OREILLE  D'AXE,  Symphytum— o.  d' Homme, 
Asarum  — o.  de  Sonris,  Hieracium  pilosella — o. 
d'Oiiis.  Primula  veris. 

OREFLLETTE.  Asarum,  Auricle  of  the  heart. 

OREFLLOXS,  Parotis,  Cynanebe  parotidaea. 

ORELIA  (iRAXDIFLORA,  AUamanda. 

ORELLANA,  see  Terra  Orleana, 

OREOSELINUM,  Athamanta  aureoselinum— 
o.  Africanum,  Bubon  galbanum  —  o.  Legitimum, 
Athamanta  aureoselinum — o.  Nigrum,  Athamanta 
aureoselinum. 

OREXIS,  Appetite,  Pyrosis — o.  Cynodes,  Bou- 
limia. 

ORGAN,  Or'gunum,  Or'gnnon.  From  tpynv, 
'work.'  '  An  instrument.'  Part  of  an  organized 
being,  destined  to  exercise  some  particular  func- 
tion. Thus  —  the  eyes  are  organs  of  sight;  the 
muscles  are  organs  of  motion,  <fec.  The  collec- 
tion of  organs,  which  concur  in  any  function,  is 
called  apparatus. 

Organ.  Mentha  pulcgium. 

ORGANA  GENERATION!  INSERVIEN- 
TIA,  Genital  organs  —  o.  Genitalia,  Genital  or- 
gans—  Sexualin,  Genital  organs — o.  Sudoripara, 
see  Perspiration  —  o.  Urogenitalia,  Urogenital 
organs. 

ORGAXE^  gUnFTAUX.  Genital  organs. 

ORGAN'IC,  Oryiin' icns,  (F.)  Orgaiiiqne.  Re- 
lating to  an  organ  or  organs,  and  to  beings  pos- 
sessed of  organs.  Hence,  OitOANir  Functions 
are  those  possessed  by  both  animals  and  vege- 
tables. It  is  also  used  synonymously  with  vital, 
in  contradistinction  to  physical. 

Organic  Chemistry,  see  Chymistry. 

OnGANic  Diseases  or  Lesions  are  such  as 
concern  the  organ  itself,  in  contradistinction  to 
functional,  ral"ional,  or  dynam'ic,  which  merely 
concern  the  function.  Of  course,  organic  dis- 
eases of  a  part  are  always  more'  serious  than 
functional. 

Organic  Nervous  System,  see  Trisplanchnic 
nerve. 

OR'GANICISM,  Orr/anicisin'us,  from  opyavov, 
'an  organ.'  The  doctrine  of  the  localization  of 
disease,  or  which  refers  it  always  to  a  material 
lesion  of  an  organ.  A  modern  term,  but  not 
much  used. 

ORGANISATTO,  Organization. 

ORGANISATUS,  Organized. 

OR'GAXISM.  Same  etymon  as  organ.  The 
living  economy.  Many  physiologists  have  used 
this  word  synonymously  with  organization  ;  but 
more  especially  to  designate  the  aggregate  of 
vital  actions  in  organized  beings,  animals  as  well 
as  vegetables.  The  collection  of  parts  com- 
posing an  organized  body,  and  the  laws  which 
govern  it. 

ORGANIZABIL'ITY.  from  organisatin.  and 
hahilis.  'suitable.'  Capability  of  organization  or 
of  being  formed  into  living  tissue.  Substances 
possessed  of  such  capability — as  fibrin — are  said 
to  be  organizahle. 

ORGANIZABLE,  see  Organizability. 


ORGANIZATION 


660 


ORPIMENT 


ORGANIZA'TION,  Orgnnim'tio,  from  o^y<^vo^, 
'an  organ.'  The  manner  of  structure  iiropor  to 
different  beings.  It  is  also  employed  in  tlie  sense 
of  the  structure  of  a  part;  as,  the  organisation 
of  the  heart,  &c. 

Organization,  Compounds  of,  Principles,  im- 
mediate. 

OR'UANIZED,  Or'gnnis  itiifruc'tun,  Organi- 
sa'tu8,  (F.)  Organise.  That  which  is  composed 
of  organs. 

Organized  Bodies,  (F.)  Corps  organises,  are 
those  endowed  with  life;  i.  e.  animals  and  vege- 
tables: in  contrndistinction  to  inorganic  bodies, 
■which  comprise  the  mineral  kingdom.  See  Corpus. 
ORGANOCIIEMIA,  Chymistry,  organic. 
ORGANOG"ENY,  Orgnnogcn'ia,  Organngen'- 
esis,  from  opyavov,  'an  organ,'  and  ytvcati,  'gene- 
ration.' The  doctrine  of  the  formation  of  different 
organs. 

ORGANOGNO'SIA,  from  opyavov,  and  yvuxrn, 
'knowledge.'  The  knowledge  and  discrimination 
of  orgnnized  bodies. 

ORGANOG'RAPHY,     Organograph'ia,     from 
opyavov,  and  ypa<pv,  'a  description.'    A  description 
of  the  organs  of  a  living  body. 
ORGANOLEPTIC,  Plastic. 
ORGANOLOGY,  Anatomy,  Craniology. 
ORGANON  OLFACtOs,  Nasus. 
ORGANONOM'IA,  from    n^yavov,   and    vofioi, 
'  a  law.'     Tlie   doctrine   of  the  laws   of  organic 
life. 

ORGANOZOONOMIA,  Zoonomia. 
ORGANUM,  Instrument. 

OR(jASM,  Orgas'nnis,  Orgo'sis,  from  oflyna, 
'I  desire  ardently,'  'I  am  excited.'  (EMrua'tion. 
A  strong  impulse  or  desire  for  something.  State 
of  excitement  and  turgesoence  of  any  organ  what- 
ever. Erethism.  Applied  particularly  to  the 
height  of  venereal  excitement  in  sexual  inter- 
course. 

ORGASMUS,  Turgesoence. 
ORGAS'TICA.  Same  etymon.  The  second 
order  of  the  class  Geneticn  of  Good.  Defined  : 
diseases  affecting  the  orgasm  ;  organic  or  consti- 
tutional infirmity  disordering  the  power  or  the 
desire  of  i)rocreating. 
ORGE.  Rage. 

OROE,  Ilordeum — o.  PerU,  see  Ilordeum. 
ORGEAT,  Svrupus  amygdalae. 
ORG  E  LET.'  B.ordiett\mn. 
ORGEOLET,  Hordeolum. 
ORG  OS  IS,  Orgasm. 
ORICIIALCUM,  Brass. 
ORICULAR,  Auricular. 
ORICULE,  Auricle,  Pavilion  of  the  ear. 
ORIFICIUM,  Mouth— o.  Dextrum  Ventriculi, 
Pylorus  —  o.  Uteri,  Os  uteri  —  o.  Uterinum,  see 
Ilterus  —  o.  Yaginale,  see  Uterus  —  o.  Ventriculi 
Sinistruin,  Cardia. 

ORItJ'ANUM,  0.  vulga're  seu  heracleot'icnm, 
(Opiyavov,  from  opog,  'a  mountain,'  and  yavog,  '  de- 
light.') Cinii'fa  bu'biihi,  ifajora'na  mtiucura'na, 
Zazarhen'di  herba.  Wild  or  Common  marjoram, 
Mancnra'na,  (F.)  Pled  de  lit.  Ord.  Labiatce. 
t^ex.  Si/st.  Didynamia  Gymnospermia.  This  plant 
resembles  marjoram  in  smell ;  and  has  a  pungent 
taste,  much  like  thyme.  It  is  aromatic  and 
stimulant ;  and  its  oil  possesses  the  properties  of 
the  essential  oils  in  general.  The  oil.  Oleum  ori- 
i/ani  (Ph.  U.  S;),  is  very  pungent,  and  is  rarelj' 
given  internally.     It  is  use<l  in  toothache. 

OiiiGANiiM  Aquatici'm,  Eupatorium  cannabi- 
num — o.  Creticum,  0.  dictamnus. 

Origanum  Dictam'nus,  0.  Cret'icum,  Dictam'- 
lins  Crct'icu",  Amar'aciis  tomento'sus,  Oni'tis, 
Ditt'ani/  of  Crete,  (F.)  Dietamne  de  Crete.  The 
leaves  of  this  plant  were  once  recommended  as 
cmmenagogue  and  alexipharmic. 


OrucAMiM  nKRACLROTici'M,  Origanum. 

OhIGANI'M  JLv.IOUA'NA,  0.  majoranoVdes,  Ma- 
jorana,  jif.  horteii'xis,  Sii^cct  viar'joram,  Stinip'. 
uncus,  Agriorig'annm,  Amnr'acus,  (F.)  Marjo- 
laine.  Its  odour  is  strong  and  fragrant;  tasto 
aromatic  and  bitterish.  Its  properties  are  those 
of  a  stomachic  and  errhine.  It  is  chiefly  used, 
however,  for  culinary  purposes,  and  as  a  snull'  in 
headache. 

Origanitm  SyRiACUM,  Toucrium  marum. 
ORIGINAIRE  (F.),  from  origo,  ori,,iuis,  'ori- 
gin.' This  term  lias  been  used,  hy  French  wri- 
ters, in  the  same  sense  as  congenital.  It  is  par- 
ticularly applied  to  affections  depending  upon 
faulty  conformation,  or  to  faulty  couformii'.ion 
itself. 

ORIGO,  Arche. 
ORISMOLOGY,  Terminology. 
ORLEANA,  see  Terra  Orleana. 
ORME,  Appetite. 

OHM E,  Ulmus — o.  Champitre,  Ulmus — o.  Pi/- 
ramiddle,  Ulmus. 
ORMEAU.  Ulmns. 

ORMSKIRK  MED'ICINE.  A  celebrated  nn- 
tylissic  remedy,  supposed  to  consist  of  Pnlv.  Cre- 
/(S,  ,^ss;  Pol.  Armen.  ^'\\y.  Alumin.  gr.  x;  Pnlv. 
InutcB.  3J  ;    01.  Anisi,  gtt.  vj. 

This  is  taken  for  a  dose  every  morning  for  six 
times,  in  a  glass  of  water,  with  a  small  proportion 
of  fresh  milk. 

ORNAMENTUM  FOLIACEUM,  see  Tube, 
Fallopian. 

ORNITHOG'ALUM  ALTIS'SIMUM.  (Opn- 
^oyiXov,  a,  fanciful  name,  from  opvn,  opriSos,  "a 
bird,'  and  yaXa,  'milk.')  A  South  African  jilaiit, 
Nat.  Ord.  Asphodeleas,  the  ileshy  bulb  of  wliicli 
is  diuretic.  An  oxymel  is  prepared  of  it,  which 
is  given  in  catarrh,  asthma,  phthisis,  and  liydro- 
thorax.  It  resembles  squill  in  its  medical  pro- 
perties. 

Ornithogaldm  Maritimum,  Scilla — o.  Squilla, 
Scilla. 

ORNITIIOGLOSSA,  see  Fraxinus  excelsior. 
ORNUS  EUROP^A,  see  Fraxinus  ornns— n. 
Mannifera,     Fraxinus    ornus  —  o.    Rotunilifoliii, 
Fraxinus  ornus  —  o.  Sylvestris,  Fraxinus  excel- 
sior. _ 

OROBAN'CIIB  VIRGINTA'NA,  {opoliayxi, 
from  otiofioi,  'the  orobus,'  and  uy;^a),  'I  strangle.') 
Epiphe'giiK  seu  Epifa'gus  America'nns  seu  Virgi- 
nia'nns,  Virgin'ia  broom-rape,  Reech-drops,  Ciin- 
cer-root.  Eamilij,  Orobanchoideic.  This  para- 
sitic plant  is  astringent,  and  a  peculiar  and  ex- 
tremely nauseous  bitter.  It  is  most  powerfid 
when  fresh.  It  has  been  used  in  dysentery  ;  and, 
externally,  to  obstinate  ulcers. 

Oroban'ohe  Amehica'na,  and  0.  Unifi.o'ra, 
have  the  same  properties,  and  are,  likcwi.«e,  called 
Cancer-root,  Earth-clnb,  and  Clapwort. 
ORORE.  Ervum  ervilia. 
OROBION,  see  Ervum  ervilia. 
OROBOi'DES,  from  opojSo;,  'the  orobus,' and 
£iSas,  'form.'      Oroho'des.     Having  the  shape  of 
the  orobus.     A  name  given  to  urine,  Urina  nm- 
bo'des  seu  oroboi'diK.  when  depositing  a  suhstanto 
of  a  fawn  colour,  like  the  meal  of  the  orobus. 
OROBUS.  Ervum  ervilia— o.  Faba,  Vicia  faba. 
OROiyGE,  sec  Agaric. 

OROPHALL'US,  from  opog.  or  oppog,  'the 
rump,'  and  (/«o».or,  'the  male  organ.'  A  innnstor 
having  a  second  male  organ  originating  from  the 
rump. —  Gurlt. 

ORGS,  Cronpion.  Serum. 

OR'PIMENT,  Anripigmen'tnm,  Orpin,  lli"i- 
gnl'lnm,  Pissigallnm,  Cloan.r,  Elome,  Sim,  Lent))- 
nias,  Spee'ulnm  cit'rinnm,  Yrides,  Yride.  The 
native  yellow  sulphuret  of  arsenic.  It  is  poi.«on- 
ous,  but  less  so  than  the  oxide.  It  is.  also,  called 
Adarigo,  Adarnech,  Ahiisul,  AUhauacha,  Azarnet. 


ORPIN 


6G1 


OS 


The  Turks  prcpure  a  depihitory  with  it,  which 
ibcy  fi'll  ItuHiiiii. 

ORPIN,   Orpiinent— .o.  BrOlanl,  Sedum  —  o. 
Griiit'l,    Seduiu    tulcpbium  —  o.   liepriise,   Sedum 
tfk'iiliiiun. 
Olll'IXE,  Si'diim  telephium. 
OllKIIOCIIKZrA,  Diarrhoeji,  serous. 
ORHIIOCYST'IS,    from    oppoi,    'serum,'   and 
Kvarif,   'a  bl.Tddcr.'     An  encysted    tumuur  cou- 
tuiiiiii^  a  ferous  fluid. 

(lllRIIOIIYMKXrriS.  Hydrohymenitis. 

ORRIIOl'YC'ION.  The  inferior  extremity  of 
the  vertebral  column  ;  from  opoi,  'extremity,'  and 
iriiyr},  'the  nates.'  The  os  coccygis.  Also,  the 
raplie,  cxti'inling  from  the  penis  to  the  anus,  and 
si'pnrnlitif;  the  scrotum  into  two  parts. 

URRIIORRIKE'A.  from  o/),.r>j,  'serum,'  and 
ptiii,  'I  How.'  A  morbidly  increased  secretion  of 
a  serous  fluid. 

ORRilOS,  Ci-onpion,  Serum. 

ORRIS,  Iris  Florentina  —  o.  Common,  Iris 
Ocrnianica. 

OnSFJLLR,  Lichen  roccella. 

OllTEIL,  Diiritus  pedis. 

ORTIIOUO'LUM,  from  op9oj,  'straight,'  and 
(ca-Xuv,  'liuib.'  Stiffness  of  the  limb,  so  that  it  is 
kept  quite  straiiiht. 

ORTIIODON'TIA,  from  op^.,?,  'straight,  right,' 
and  aiovi,  (iliovTOi,  'a  tooth.'  The  part  of  dentistry 
which  is  concerned  in  the  treatment  of  irregularity 
of  the  teeth. 

ORTIIODO'RON.  A  measure  with  the  Greeks, 
equal  to  eleven  fiti<rer-hreadths. 

0  RT  II  0  (}  '  N  AT  II  0  U  S,  from  opSof,  '  right, 
straight,'  and  yvaOoq,  'jaw.'  Having  a  vertical 
jaw.  A  term  applied  to  the  form  of  head  in 
which  the  facial  angle  approaches  the  right 
anjle. 

ORTlIOMORPIirA,  OrthoDwdia. 

0RTI10M<»RPlI08rS,  OrthopiBdia. 

ORTIIOXTROPIA,  Orthopjcdia. 

OWTIIOVAIDV  KMrthopa-:  cUve.Orthomor' ph  !(,, 
Orth<)iii()rj)li(>'nii,  Orthimtrop'  1(1,  Orlhupe'dics,  from 
';p5o{,  'right,'  and  jnnj,  Trai^uf,  'a  child.'  The 
part  of  medicine  whose  object  is  to  prevent  and 
correct  deformity  in  the  bodies  of  children.  Often 
used,  however,  with  a  more  extensive  significa- 
tion, to  embrace  the  correction  or  prevention  of 
deformities  at  all  ages.  OithoHoinat'icn,  Orlhimo- 
viat'ice,  from  updo;,  'right,'  and  aw^ia,  'body,'  has 
been  proposed  as  a  preferable  term. 

0RTI10PE'DIC,0'Mo;)ffi'-//ci('(,-  same  etymon. 
Relating  to  orthopoeilia, —  as  Orthopedic  /nstilu- 
tidii,  I II  it  i  hi' III  III  orthopce'divinn  seu  orthopm'dliim  : 
an  institution  for  the  correction  or  prevention  of 
deformities  in  children. 

ORTIIOPRDICS,  Orthopredia. 

ORTIIOPE'DIST,  Ortho'tei;  Orthnpce'd!cii<l. 
Same  etvraon.     One  who  practises  orthopwdia. 

ORTl'lOPIIO'NrA,  from  opdog,  'right,'  and 
^uxi).  'voice.'     A  <;ood  pronunciation. 

ORTIIOPirRKN'IC.  Oithnphren'!ciio,  from 
oitQoi.  'right,'  and  iipnv,  'mind.'  Relating  to 
sound  miiicl,  and  to  the  care  of  insanity. 

ORTIIOPNtE'A,  Siifoc'tio,  Straiiffida'fio, 
Pi'tB/iicn'tio,  I'lilx,  Piiiipiiim,  Eiithi/p'noe,  Eii- 
ihijpufe'rt,  Ani/oi;  Apiicc'ii,  from  op-Jof,  '  right,' 
'stniight.'  and  rvfu),  '  I  respire.'  Impracticability 
of  brciithing  in  the  horizontal  posture.  Necessity 
of  being  in  the  erect  posture,  in  order  to  respire. 

OiiTHoi'NtEV  C.vuDi.vcA,  Angina  Pectoris  —  o. 
Convulsiva,  Asthma  —  o.  Cynancbica,  Cynanehe 
tracbcalis — o.  Ilydrothoracica,  llydrothoras — o. 
Hysterica,  Angone — o.  Pituitosa,  Mycorthopnoea 
— 0.  Tussiculosa,  Pertussis. 

ORTIIOSOMATinK.  Ortbopredia. 

OliTlinsOMA  TIQf'E.  Ortbopiedia. 

ORTIIOrKR,  Ortbo|)edist. 

ORTIIYSTEROPTOM.\,  Prolapsus  uteri. 


ORTIIYSTEROPTOSIS,  Prolapsus  uteri. 

OUT  IE,  Urtica — o.  Blanche,  Lamium  album — 
o.  flid/iiiite,  Urtica  ureus  —  o.  Jlorte,  Lamium. 
album — o.  }[oite  des  Boia,  Galeopsis — o.  liomaine, 
Urtica  pilulifera. 

OHTY'X,  Tetrao  coturnix. 

ORUS,  Ci-oiip!,>n,  Serum. 

OR  VALE,  Salvia  sclarea. 

ORVIETA'NU.M.  From  the  Italian  Oivie- 
fnno.  An  electuary  regarded  as  an  invaluable 
antidote,  and  composed  of  Old  theriac,  Dried  vi- 
pers, Scorzniiera,  Carlinn,  Imperutorinm,  Aiigel- 
icn,  Bistort,  Rosemarr/,  Junij)er,  Cinnniiion,  Cloves, 
Mace,  Honey,  and  a  crowd  of  other  substances. 
Its  medical  properties  resembled,  in  some  re- 
spects, those  of  the  theriac.  It  was  so  called, 
according  to  some,  because  invented  by  Orvietano, 
a  celebrated  charlatan  ;  or,  according  to  others, 
from  Orvieto,  a  town  in  Italy. 

OllY'ZA,  Opu^u,  Ory'za  sati'va.  Rice,  (F.)  Riz. 
Family,  Gramineic.  Sex.  Syst.  Ilexandria  Mono- 
gynia.  A  plant,  almost  aquatic,  and  indigenous 
in  China,  one  of  the  richest  productions  of  Egypt, 
and  which  prospers  in  the  warmer  regions  of  the 
four  quarters  of  the  globe.  The  grain  inclosed 
in  the  husk  is  called  by  the  Malays  Paddy,  Pad!, 
or  Paddie ;  when  deprived  of  the  husk.  Bras, 
and  when  boiled,  Kasi.  Its  amylaceous  seeds, 
Ory'za,  Ory'zuin,  Ilordeum  (jalac'ticum,  nourish 
more  men  than  those  of  wheat  and  rye  together. 
Besides  being  alimentary,  they  are  demulcent 
and  emollient.  Gardiner's  alimentary  p>repiira- 
tion  is  very  finely  ground  rice-meal. 

Mncilatje  of  Rice,  Rice  water,  may  he  formed 
by  taking  one  ounce  of  rice,  and,  having  washed 
it,  macerating  it  for  three  hours  in  a  quart  of 
tepid  soft  wafer,  in  a  pan  placed  upon  a  stove  ; 
then  boiling  the  whole  slowly  for  another  hour, 
and  straining  through  a  sieve. 

It  may  be  sweetened  and  acidulated,  or  be 
prepared  with  milk,  like  arrow-root,  and  be  used 
as  a  demulcent. 

Jlice  Jelly  is  made  by  macerating  a  sufficient 
quantity  of  clean  rice  in  as  much  water  as  will 
cover  it;  boiling  slowly,  adding  water  as  it  evap- 
orates, until  the  rice  is  reduced  to  a  pap,  sweet- 
ening and  flavouring  with  lemon-jnice  or  vniiilla, 
and  passing  through  a  fine  sieve  into  a  form  or 
mould.  It  may  be  eaten  alone  or  with  milk  :  and 
is  a  good  dietetic  preparation  fur  those  of  weak 
digestive  powers. 

Ground  rice.  Take  a  tablespoonful  of  yround 
rice,  a  pint  and  a  half  of  milk,  and  half  an  ounce 
of  candied  lemon-peel.  Rub  the  rice  smooth  with 
the  milk  :  then  add  the  lemon-peel  cut  into  small 
pieces  ;  boil  for  half  an  hour,  and  strain  whilst 
the  milk  is  hot.  It  is  used  in  the  same  eases  as 
rice  jelly. 

OS,  Bone,  Mouth,  see  Ossiculum — o.  Aeromii, 
Acromion — o.  Adjutorium,  Humeri  os  —  o.  Alae- 
forme,    Sphenoid  —  o.   Alagas,   Coccyx,    Sacrum 

—  o.  Alatum,  Sphenoid  bone  —  o.  Amphideon, 
Os  uteri  —  o.  Anonyme,  Innominatum  os  —  o. 
Anonymum,  Innominatum  os  —  o.  Anticum, 
Avant  honche  —  o.  Arcuale,  Temporal  bone  —  o. 
Armale,  Temporal  bone  —  o.  Asser,  Sternum  — 
o.  de  I'Assiette,    Ischion — 0.    Az.ygos,    Sphenoid 

—  o.  BallistiB,  Astragalus  ^  0.  Basilare,  Occi- 
pital bone.  Palate  bone.  Sacrum,  Sphenoid  —  o. 
Baxillare,  Sphenoid — o.  Bicorne,  Ilyoides  os — o. 
Brachiale,  Humeri  os — o.  Brachii,  Humeri  os — o. 
Caleis,  Calcaneum— o.  Capitatum,  Magnum  os — 
o.  Cauda;,  Occipital  bone — o.  Cluninm,  Sacrum — 
0.  Coccygis,  Coccyx — o.  Colatorii,  Sphenoid  bone 

—  o.  Colatorium,  Ethmoid  bone  —  o.  Coliforme, 
Ethmoid  —  o.  Convolutum  superius, 'Turbinated 
bone,  middle  —  o.  Coronale,  Frontal  bone  —  o. 
Coxre,  Innominatum  os — o.  Co.val,  Innominatum 
OS,  Ischion  —  o.   Cribleux,  Ethmoid  —  o.  Cribri- 


OS   C  ROT  AT  II  ALE 


GG2 


OSCIIONCUS 


forme,  Etliuioid  —  o.  Cribrosum,  Ethmoid  —  o. 
Cristiitiim,  Eihinoid — o.  Cruchii,  Os  unt-iforiue. 

OS  CUOTAPnALE.  A  name  given  by  M. 
Beclard  to  a  bone  sometimes  met  witb  at  the  an- 
terior and  inferior  angle  of  the  parietal  bone ;  from 
Kporui/iof,  'the  temple.' 

Os  Crotapiiiticum,  Temporal  bone  —  o.  Cubi- 
cum,  Ethmoid  bone — -o.  ad  Cubitale,  Radius  — 
o.  Cubiti  Inferius,  Ulna  —  o.  de  la  Cuisse,  Femur 

—  0.  Cuneiforme,  Sphenoid  —  o.  Cuneo  couipara- 
tum,  Sphenoid  —  o.  Cymbiforme,  Scaphoid  bone 

—  0.  Disciforme,  Patella  —  o.  Durum,  Temporal 
bone — ■  o.  Ensiforme,  Sternum. 

OS  EPA  CTALE.  A  name  given  to  one  of  the 
ossa  Wormiana  ;  particularly  to  one  met  with  in 
the  posterior  fontanelle,  and  which  has  been  de- 
scribed by  G.  Fischer,  under  the  name  On  Epac- 
tale  seu  Goethia'nuvi. 

OS  EPACTAUX,  AVormiana  ossa. 
Os  ExTEKNUM.     The  entrance  into  the  vagina, 
in  contradistinction  to  the  Os  inter'num  or  Os  ti'teri. 
Os  ExTKA  Ordinem  Carpi,  Os  pisiforme  —  o- 
Pemoris,  Femur — o.  Fibrosum,  Occipital  bone  — 
o.  Foraminulentum,  Ethmoid  —  o.  Frontis,  Fron- 
tal bone  —  o.  Gense,  Mala3  os  —  o.  Gladioli,  Ster- 
num— o.    Grand,  Magnum  os — o.   Grand,  col  dii, 
Collum  ossis  magni — o.  Grandinosum,  Cuboid — o. 
Gutturis,  Ilyoides  os — o.  Iliimatum,  Os  unciforme 
—  o.  IJors  du  nnuj,  Os  pisiforme- — o.  Ilypopium, 
Malae  os — o.  Hyjiseloides,  Ilyoides  os — o.  Incon- 
jugatum,  Sphenoid — o.  Iiicudi  similis.  Incus — o. 
Inferius  ventriculi.  Pylorus  —  o.  Linomine,  Inno- 
luinatum   os  —  o.  Intercales,  Wormiana  ossa  —  o. 
Internum,  see  Uterus — o.  Invcrccundum,  Frontal 
bone — 0.  Ischii,  Ischion — o.  Interparictale,  Inter- 
parietal bone — o.  Jugale.  Mala3   os — o.  Jugamen- 
tum,  Malee  os — o.  Juguli,  Clavicle — o.  Lacrymale, 
Unguis  OS — o.  Lambda,  Occipital  bone — o.  Lamb- 
doides,  Ilyoides  os.  Occipital  bone — o.  Lapideum, 
Temporal  bone- — o.   Lapidosum,  Temporal  bone 
— o.  Latum,  Sacrum — o.  Latum  humeri,  Scapula, 
— o.  Lenticulare,  Os  orbieulare,  Os  pisiforme — o. 
Lepidoides,  Temporal  lione — o.  Linguae,  Ilyoides 
OS — o.  Linguale,  Ilyoides  os — o.  Lithoides,  Tem- 
poral   bone — •  0.   Magnum,   neck  of  the,   Collum 
ossis  magni — o.  3l<d<iire,  M>\]de  os  —  o.  Malare, 
Malae   os  —  o.    Maxillas    superioris    undecimum, 
Vomer — o.  3faxiUaire  infen'eure,  Collum  mandi- 
bula; — o.  Memento  mori.  Temporal  bone — o.  Me- 
moriae, Occipital  bone  —  o.  Mendosum,  Temporal 
bone  —  o.  Morsus  Adami,  Thyroid  cartilage  —  o. 
Mucronatuni,  Xiphoid  cartilage — o.  Multangulum 
majus,   Trapezium   os  —  o.   Multangulum    minus, 
Trapezoides   os  —  o.  Multiforme,  Ethmoid,  Siihe- 
noid — o.  Ndsanx,  Nasal  bones — o.  Naviculare,  Os 
scaphoides — o.  Nervale,  Temporal  bone — o.  Ner- 
vosum, Occipital  bone — o.  Occipiti,  Occipital  bone 
— o.  Orbieulare,  Os  pisiforme — o.  da  Palais,  Pa- 
late bone — ^  o.  Palati,  Palate  bone  —  o.  Palatin, 
Palate  bone  —  o.  PapilJare,  Sphenoid  —  o.  Parie- 
tale  inferius.  Temporal  bone — o.  Paxillare,  Sphe- 
noid • —  o.  Pectiiiis,  Pubis,  os  —  o.   Pectoris,  Ster- 
num—  o.   Pelvi-eephalieum,   Occipital  bone  —  o. 
Pelvis  laterale.  Innominatum  os  — o.  Perone,  Fi- 
bul.a — 0.  Petrosum,  Temporal  bone — o.  Polymor- 
phon.  Sphenoid — o.  de  la  Pomme.tte,  Malce  os — o. 
Posterutn,  Pharynx — o.  Praeruptai  rupi  assimila- 
tum.  Temporal  bone  —  o.  Procubitale,  Ulna  —  o. 
Prnpres  dii  nez.  Nasal  bones  —  o.  Prorse,  Frontal 
bone,  Occipital  bone — o.  Pterygoideum,  Sphenoid 
— o.  Pudieum,  Malas  os — o.  Puppis,  Frontal  bone, 
Occipital  bone — o,  Pyramidale  carpi,  Trapezoides 
OS — o.  Pyxidis,  Occipital  bone — o.  Rationis,  Fron- 
tal bone — Q.  dii  Riiyon,  Radius  —  o.  Sacrum,  Sa- 
crum— o.  Saxeum,  Temporal  bone — o.  Scutiforme, 
Patella — o.  de  Seche,  Sepia — o.  Sedentarium,  see 
Ischiatic — o.  Semilunare,  Lunare  os — o.  Sextum 
cranii,  Occipital  bone  —  o.  du  Sinapul,  Parietal 


bones,  see  Sinciput  —  o.  S"ns-ellnn(j'idid,  Turbi- 
nated bono,  inferior  —  o.  Sphono-bnsihire,  Occi- 
pital bone — o.  Siihccoideuni,  Sphenoid — o.  S)ihe- 
Tioidalc,  Sphenoid — o,  Si)henoi(ics,  Siihciioid — o. 
Sliongiosum,  Ethmoid  —  o.  Spongiosum  inl'criu.o, 
Turbinated  bone,  inferior — o.  Spongiosum  me- 
dium. Turbinated  bone,  middle  —  o.  Spongiosum 
superius.  Turbinated  bone,  middle,  Turbiiinlcd 
bone,  superior — o.  Spongoidcs,  Ethmoid  —  o, 
Si^uamosum,  Temporal  bone  —  o.  Subocnhire, 
Malae  os — o.  Sin)i>(ineiaires,  AVormiana  ossa — a. 
Snsniaxillaire,  Maxillary  (superior)  bone  —  o. 
Sylvii,  Os  orbieulare — o.  Syncipitis,  Frontal  bone 
—  o,  Teuii)oris,  Temporal  bone — o.  Tesserio,  As- 
tragalus, Cuboid — o.  Tliyrcoides, Patella — o.  Tiliijo 
minus.  Fibula — o.  Tincae,  Os  utcri-^o.  Tri'imyn- 
laires,  AVormiana  ossa  —  o.  Turbiiiiitum,  Tiiilii- 
nated  bone,  middle — o.  Turbinatum  inferius.  Tur- 
binated bone,  inferior  —  o.  Uncinatum,  Os  uuui- 
forme  —  o.  Upsiloides,  Ilyoides  os. 

Os  U'tehi,  Os  tinccB  scu  intei-'nvm  scu  (im- 
phid'eon  seu  mnphid'tiim,  Piolos'poins,  Os'clntni, 
HijsteroH'tovin,  Os'iuhim  seu  orifit" ivni  v'Uii, 
JJysterostotn'iinn,  Ihjsteros'tonia.  (F.)  3/iiscini  de 
Tanvhe.      The  mouth  of  the  womb,  see  Uterus. 

Os  Uteri  Externum,  see  Uterus — o.  Uteri  in- 
ternum, see  Uterus — o.  Yarium,  Culioid — o.  A'es- 
piforme.  Sphenoid  —  o.  Vomeris,  Vomer  —  o. 
Worniiens,  Wormiana  ossa  —  o.  Xiphoiilcs,  Ster- 
num—  o.  Ypseloides,  Ilyoides  os  —  o.  Zygomati- 
cum,  Mala?  os. 

OSCEDO,  Yawning. 

0  S  C  H ^  M  A  T  (E  D  E  '  M  A,  Owlicrmade'nia, 
QSde'ma  scroti  crnen'tum  ;  from  ocr:;^£oi',  '  scroHiin,' 
'aijxa,  'blood,'  and  oihr^jta,  '  ffidema.'  Eflusiun  of 
blood  into  the  scrotum. 

OSCII^MffiDEMA,  OschaDmatocdema. 
OSCIIE,  Scrotum. 
OSCIIEITIS,  Orebeitis,  Oscbitis. 
OSCIIEO  CARCINOMA,    Cancer,    chimney- 
sweepers'. 

OSCIIEOCE'LE,  Oschnce'le,  Scrotoce'h,  from 
oaxtov,  'the  scrotum,'  and  (ojX);,  'tumour;'  Scro- 
tal hernia,  see  Bubonocele.  Sauviiges  uses  ok- 
cheoccle  in  the  sense  of  Dropsy  of  the  scrutiiw, 
see  Hydrocele. 

Os('HEOCELE  Aqiiosa,  Ilydroseheocele — o.  Fln- 
tulenta,  Physocele— o.  Hydatidosa,  Ilydatidocelo 
— o.  a^^dematiea,  CEdematoscheocele — o.  Semina- 
lis,  Spermatocele— 0.  Urinalis,  Urocele— o.  Vari- 
cosa.  Varicocele. 

OSCHEOCHALASIE,  from  oax'ov,  'the  scro- 
tum,' and  p^;aAu(Tif,   'relaxation.'     A    tumour  re- 
sulting from  hypertrophy  of  the   areolar  tis.'^uo 
of  the  scrotum,  and  the  excessive  extension  of 
the  skin  of  the  part,— an  affection  which  has  been 
confounded  with  sarcocele. — Alibert. 
OSCIIEON,  Scrotum,  Os  uteri. 
OSCHEON'CUS,     Oschon'cns,     OschenpJiy'nm,^ 
Oschophy'ma,  from  osc.heon,  and  oyKoi,  '  a  tumour. 
A  preternatural  swelling  of  the  scrotum. 
OSCHEOPIIYMA,  Oseheoncus. 
OSCIIE  OPLAS'TIC,    Oscheoplas'ticvs,  from 
oscheon,'  and  TAa<7<rw,  '  I  form.'     An  epithet  given 
to  the  operation  for  restoring  the  scrotum  when 
lost.       Os'cheoplasly.  ^ 

OSCIIEOPY(EI)E'MA,  Osehnpycede'ma,  CFaIc  - 
ma  scroti  puriden'tum.  Purulent  tumefaction  of 
the  scrotum. 

OSCHEUS.  Scrotum. 

OS'CHION.     The  raised  margin  of  the  os  uteri. 

According  to  some,an  excrescence  from  tlieos  utcn. 

Oi^CUl'TlS, Orchci' lis,  Osch^i'tis,  hiflnmmn'lio^ 

scroti,    from    oscheon,    and    ills,    'inflammation. 

Inflammation  of  the  scrotum. 

OSCIIOGARCINOMA,  Cancer,  chimney- 
sweepers'. 

OSCIIOCELE,  Oscheocele,  Scrotocele. 
OSCIIONCUS,  Oseheoncus. 


OSCIIOniYMA 


663 


OSSICULA 


scroti 


'OSCIIOPHYMA,  Oscheoncus. 

O.SCII01'V<I->1)K\IA,  Oscheo|)yce.l;'!nri. 

0  S  C  H  I'  R  (K  D  K '  M  A  :  from  otvliemi,  ovpov, 
'urine,'  unil  oictjua,  '  oedeiiia.'  CEUeiua  from  effu- 
gioii  (if  urine  into  tlio  scrotum. 

OSCIIIIS.  Scrotum. 

OSCIIYDRtEDL'MA,  from  otrheon, 
'water,'  and  oihtiyta,  '  ocjL-Tna.'  lEdema 
aqii'i'iiaiii.     Watery  oeilema  of  the  .scrotum. 

OSCrLLA'TIO,  Irritability,  Oscillation. 

OSCILLA'TION,  OwiHu'tio;  from  oidllum, 
'an  ima^e,  perhaps  of  Bacchus,  hung  on  ropes, 
anil  swung  up  ami  down  in  the  air.'  Vibration, 
Vih)(t'iiicii,  Vihi-d'tin,  Vihni'tiis.  Also,  a  partial 
rotatory  movement  of  the  eyeball  to  and  from  its 
untero-posterior  axis. 

OS'CITANT  (FEVER),  Febrh  o>,'citan»,  (F.) 
Fiiore  imeltdttte,  from  oHcit<ire,  '  to  yawn.'  A  fever, 
in  whieh  the  patient  is  continually  yawning. 

O.SCITATIO.  Yawning. 

OSCULATORrUS.  Orbicularis  oris. 

OSCULUM  UTHRI,  Os  uteri. 

OSCUS.  Scrotum. 

OSKILLtJ,  Rumex  acetosus — o.  Boucher,  Ru- 
mex  scutatus  —  <>.  Petite,  Rumex  seutatus  —  <>. 
Jtniiile,  Ruuiex  seutatus — o.  liuttije,  Rumex  san- 
guineus. 

OS'fl'JIi,  Salix  alba — o.  red,  Cornus  sericca. 

OS'.MAZOAIE,  Oi'inozdiiie,  0'<iii(izo' hik,  Oinio- 
zn'iiiii,  On'mfizi)ne,  ZomixV mum,  (Y.)  Mnliere  ex- 
Iractice  (In  Bouillon,  Extrnit  de  viaiide  ;  Extrtie' - 
tioe  or  SiiponnceouH  extract  of  meat ;  from  otr/xiy, 
'smell,'  and  ^uj//o{,  'soup.'  M.  Thenard  gave 
this  name  to  an  extractive  matter,  col^tained  in 
niuseuliir  flesh  and  in  the  blood  of  animals,  which 
he  considers  of  a  [jeculiar  nature.  It  has  an 
agreeable  smell  and  taste,  and  is  found  in  Bouil- 
liiiiH  of  meat,  in  the  proportion  of  one  part  to 
seven  of  gelatin.  Vauquelin  discovered  in  it 
some  fungi.  It  is  the  substance  which  gives  the 
flavour  of  meat  to  soups,  and  hence  its  name. 
It  is  a  mixture  of  ditferent  crystallizablo  and  un- 
crystuUi/.ablo  principles  with  empyreumatic  pro- 
ducts. 

Osmazome  has  been  prescribed  in  the  dose  of 
_^ss  to  ^^j,  in  broth  or  in  powder,  with  aroraatics, 
as  a  stimulant  to  the  digestive  actions  and  a  re- 
storer of  appetite  in  convalescence.  An  Osma- 
zome choc'olate,  Oliocola'ta  cum  osmazo'ma,  has 
been  introduced  as  an  analeptic  article  of  diet. 
It  consists  of  chocolate  Ibj  to  osmazome  5j. 

OSMH.  Odour. 

O.'^MESIS.  Olfaction. 

OSMIDllO'SIS,  from  off/iif,  'odour,'  and  'iiJpwf, 
•sweat.'     Perspiration  of  an  unusual  odour. 

GSMITOPS'IS  ASTERISCOI'DES,  Beilis. 
A  plant,  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  which,  from 
its  smell  anil  taste,  seems  to  contain  camphor; 
hence  its  antispasmodic  virtues.  In  infusion,  it 
is  often  beneficially  employed  in  cough,  hoarse- 
lies;;,  and  diseases  of  the  chest  generally,  and  is 
said  to  be  serviceable  in  flatulent  colic.  Infused 
in  spirit,  spir'itus  bcU'idis,  it  has  been  used  suc- 
tessfullv  as  an  external  remedy  in  paralysis. 

OS.MOMETRICUS  SEXSU'S.  Olfaction. 

OSi.MOX'OSI,  Osmoiiu'si,  Jforhi  olfac'tAs,  from 
off/i.;.  'odour,'  and  voaoi,  'a  disease.'  Diseases  of 
olfaction. 

0SM0NO.'^OLOG"TA.  from  oc*i.?, '  odour.'  vocog. 
'disease.' and  Aoyof,  '  description.'  The  doctrine 
of.  or  a  treatise  on,  the  diseases  of  the  sense  of 
smell. 

O.^MORRTII'ZA  LOJTGIS'TYLTS.  (<,»;,/,.  'a 
scent.'  and  pi^a,  'a  root,')  Sweet  Cic"eli/.  An  in- 
digenous plant,  Ori/er,  Umhollifera?,  which  flowers 
in  .M:iy  and  June.  It  is  an  agreeable  aromatic, 
havin;:  mu(di  of  the  flavour  of  anise. 

OS.MO.">E,  Oi'uo'nis ;  from  oiafwi,  'impulse.' 
The  action  by  which  fluids  are  impelled  through 


moist  memhrane  and  other  porous  septa,  in  en- 
dosmotic  and  exosmotic  experiments. 

OSMOT'IC,  Osmot'icng,  same  etymon.  Re- 
lating or  belonging  to  osmose  :  as  "  osmotic  force," 
the  force  which  induces  osmose. 

OSMOZOME,  Osmazome. 

OS.MUND,  ROYAL,  Osmunda  regalis. 

0  S  M  U  N'D  A  C I  N  N  A  M  O'M  E  A,  Ciavamon 
Fern.  Indigenous;  Order,  Filices;  is  regarded 
to  be  demulcent,  subastringent,  and  tonic.  Builecl 
in  milk,  it  yields  a  fine  mucilage,  which  is  usefiii 
in  diarrhoea. 

Osjiun'da.  ReGA'liS,  0.  sjiectab'ilis.  Filix 
Flor'ida,  Floip'eriiig  Fern,  Osmund-roynl.  This 
plant  was  once  thought  to  possess  astringent  and 
emmenagogne  virtues. 

Osmunda  Sprctabilis,  0.  regalis. 

OSOROX,  Opium. 

OSPllRANTERICUS,  Olfactory. 

OSPIIRANTICOS,  Olfactory 

OSPHRASIA,  Olfaction. 

OSPIIRESIOL'OGY,  0>^phrrmolorj"ia,  from 
oat/iprjais,  'olfaction,'  and  Xoyoi,  'a  discourse.'  A 
treatise  on  olfaction  and  odours. 

OSPHRESIS,  Olfaction. 

OSPIIRETICUS,  Olfactory. 

OSPHRIS'TICE,  from  oa4,pvcig,  'olfaction.' 
The  doctrine  of  the  phenomena  of  odours. 

OSPHYALGEMA,  Cuxalgia. 

OSPilYALGIA,  Coxalgia. 

OSPHYARTIIRITIS,  Osphyitis. 

OSPHYARTHKOCACE,  Ccxarura  morbus. 

OSPIIYI'TIS,  0><ph;j'ti8,  Osphyorthri-ti»,  In. 
flamma'tio  coxa>.,  from  o(t0us,  'the  hip,' and  itis, 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  parts 
about  the  hip. 

OSPIIYRRHEUMA,  Lumbago. 

OSPHYS,  Haunch,  Lumbi. 

OSPHYTIS,  Osphyitis. 

OSSA  BREGMA-riS,  Parietal  bones— o.  Con- 
voluta  inferiora.  Turbinated  bones,  inferior — o. 
Digitorum  mantis.  Phalanges  of  the  fingers —  o. 
Digitorum  pedis,  Phalanges  of  the  toes— o.  Epac- 
talia,  Wormiana  ossa  —  o.  Maxiilse  superioris 
quarta  sen  quinta  seu  secunda.  Nasal  bones  —  o. 
Nasalia,  Nasal  bones  —  o.  Nasi,  Nasal  bones  — o. 
Nervalia,  Parietal  bones — o.  Pisiformia  lingualia, 
see  Hyoides,  os — o.  Raphogeminantia,  Wormiana 
ossa  —  o.  Sesamoidea,  Sesamoid  bones — o.  Sin- 
cipitis,  Parietal  bones — o.  Spongiosa,  Turbinated 
bones — o.  Suturarum,  Wormiana  ossa — o.  Tertia 
maxilliB  superioris,  Turbinated  bones — o.  Tetra- 
gona.  Parietal  bones — o.  Triangularia,  Sphenoidal 
cornua  —  o.  Triangularia  Blasii,  AVormiana  ossa 
—  o.  Triquetra,  Wormiana  ossa  —  o.  Triticea,  see 
Hyoides,  os — o.  Turbinuta,  Turbinated  boues — o. 
Vertical ia.  Parietal  bones. 

OSSEINE.  Osteine. 

OSSELETS  DE  BERTIN,  Sphenoidalia  cor- 
nua—  o.  de  rOreiUe,  Ossicula  auditds — o.  de 
rOnie,  Ossicula  auditfls — o.  du  Tympan,  Ossicula 
auditfls. 

OSSEOUS,  Os'wi(«,  Osto'des,  OatoVdes,  Ostoid, 
(F.)  Oiseux  ;  from  OS,  '  a  bone.'  Bony.  Resem- 
bling bone. 

OSSICLES.  Ossicula,  see  Ossiculum. 

OSSICULA,  see  Ossiculum. 

Ossic'ULA  Audi'tus,  0.  Auris,  (F.)  Osi>clets  de 
VoreiUe  ou  de  I'ouie  ou  du  ti/»ipon.  The  sniaU 
bones  or  ossicles  situate  in  the  cavity  of  the  tym- 
panum, and  forming  an  uninterrupted  chain  from 
the  membrane  of  the  tj'mpanum  to  that  of  tl.e 
fenestra  ovalis.  They  are  four  in  number;  and 
their  series,  from  without  to  within,  is  as  fol- 
lows:   Jfalleus;  Incus,  Os  orhicuhire.  Stupes, 

Ossicula  Berti.vi,  Sphenoidalia  cornua  —  o. 
Innominata,  Innominata  minora  ossa — o.  Nasi, 
Nasal  bones — o.  Sesatuoidea,  Sesamoid  boues — o. 
Triticea,  see  Hyoides,  os. 


OSSICULUM 


n  G  4 


OSTEO-SARCOMA 


OS:=TC'ULUM,  (plurnl  OssU-'uh,,)  Osta'rion, 
O^'gicle.  Diminutive  of  os,  ossin,  '  a  bone.'  A 
small  bone.     See  Os. 

Ossici'LUM  Cochleare,  Orbicular  bone  —  o. 
Ineudi  Comparatuin,  Incus  —  o.  Mnllcolo  assi- 
uiilatuin.  Malleus  —  o.  Molari  ilenti  comparatuin, 
Incus  —  o.  Orbiculare,  Orbicular  bone  —  o.  Quar- 
tuin,  Orbicular  bone  —  o.  Squamosum,  Orbicular 
bone. 

OSSIFICA'TION,  Ossifica'tio,  Ossl/nc'tio,  from 
im,  'a  bone,'  anrl/«cere,  'to  make.'  O^tengeu'in, 
Oiteocfen'fsin,  Oxteo'sis,  Oslo'xis.  Formation  of 
bone.  Development  or  increase  of  the  osseous 
system.  Ossification  takes  place  in  the  same 
manner  as  the  nutrition  of  other  organs.  The 
bones  are,  at  first,  mucous,  and  afterwards  carti- 
laginous ;  the  cartilage,  at  length,  receives  the 
jihosphate  of  lime,  and  is,  at  the  same  time,  re- 
placed by  a  gelatinous  parenchyma,  when  the 
bone  has  acquired  the  whole  of  its  development. 

Ossification,  Points  of,  Pnnct<t  seu  Nu'clei 
(itxiJicatio'viK,  Nu'clei  ossei,  are  the  points  where 
the  ossification  of  a  bone  commences,  whence  it 
extends  to  other  parts.  Almost  all  the  bones 
jiresent  a  greater  or  less  number  of  points  of 
ossification.  Besides  the  natural  ossification, 
■which  we  observe  in  the  foetus  and  in  the  first 
periods  of  life,  there  are  also  ano'den'tal  oisijicn- 
tionn.  such  as  those  frequently  remarked  after 
the  inflammation  of  serous  membranes,  in  the 
parietes  of  arteries,  and  to  which  the  terms  Os- 
tliex'in,  Incrusta'tion  and  Pclr  If ac' lion  have, 
sometimes,  been  applied. 

OSSTFRAGA.  Osteocolla. 

OSSTS  SACRI  ACUMEN,  Cocoy.t. 

0S8TSANA,  Osteocolla. 

OSSIV'OROUS,  from  os,  ossis,  'a  bone,'  and 
v(ii/>,  'I  devour.'  A  species  of  tumour,  mentioned 
by  Ruysch,  which  destroys  bone. 

OS'TAGRA,  Oi'terxjrn,  from,  oortov,  'a  bone,' 
and  aypa,  'seizure.'  A  forceps  to  cut  or  remove 
portions  of  bone. 

OSTALGIA.  Ostcocopus. 

OSTARIUM,  Ossiculum. 

OSTARTIIRITIS,  Arthrophlogosis. 

OSTARTHROCACE,  Spina  ventosa. 

OSTEAGRA.  Ostagra. 

OSTEALGIA,  Osteocopus. 

OSTEfDE,  Osteoid. 

OS'TEINE.  Oisci/ie,  from  ocreov,  'abone.'  The 
animal  matter  of  bone. 

OSTEITES,  Osteocolla. 

OSTEI'TIS,  Oxti'tSx,  from  oorrov,  'a  bone,'  and 
•tV)'«.  IiifJnnimn'ti'o  Oisis.  Inflammation  of  bone  ; 
characterized  by  violent  shooting  and  lancinating 
pains  in  a  bone. 

OSTEMPYE'SIS,  Osteempi/e'h-is,  Ostempi/o'nin. 
from  niTTcnv.  '  »■  bone,'  and  ciJitvrio-ii,  (cv,  and  irvov,) 
'  effusion  of  pus.'  An  abscess  in  the  interior  of  a 
bone. 

OSTE^IPYOSTS.  Ostempyesis. 

OSTEOANABROSIS,  Osteonabrosis. 

OSTEOCE'LE.  from  oareov,  'a  bone,'  and  Kr;\tj, 
'  i\  tumour.'  A  hernia  in  which  the  sac  is  carti- 
laginous and  bony  : — a  rare  case.  Also,  osseous 
induration  of  one  or  both  testicles. 

OSTEOCLASIS,  Fracture. 

OSTEOCOL'LA,  from  oareov,  'a  bone,'  and 
(foAAd.  'glue.'  Ghte-hi)ne,  Stone  or  Bone  hinder; 
Onaifraf/ri,  Hoi  on' tens,  OsxtHn'na,  Oitri'fcs,  Os- 
tci'tes,  Amos' teuR,  Onteol' ithos,  Stelochi'tes.  A 
name  given  to  petrified  carbonate  of  lime,  found 
in  some  parts  of  Germany  and  other  portions  of 
the  globe  ;  so  called,  because  it  has  been  sup- 
posed to  possess  the  power  of  favouring  the  for- 
mation of  cnllita  in  fractures.  It  is  the  Chanx 
cnrbonafee  concretionnee  incruatnnte  of  Ilaiiy. 
Not  used. 

OSTEOCOPUS,    0^teal'<jia,    Ostal'tjia,   Osteo- 


(li/n'in,  from  oanov,  'a.  bone,'  and  Korro;,  'fatigue.* 
JJiineiich,  Bone-aijue.  Pain  in  the  bones, — as  iu 
syphilis. 

OSTEOCYST'OID.  Osleocj/xloi'dex,  from  oareov, 
'a  bone,'  icixrrij,  'a  sack  or  cyst,'  and  £i(5oj.  '  a|)- 
pcarance.'  A  morbid  growth  iu  bono,  consisting 
of  the  formation  of  cysts  filled  with  puriform  or 
other  fluid. 

OSTEO  DENTINE,  see  Tooth. 

OSTEODYNIA,  Ostcocopus. 

0STE0GANGR^;NA,  Necrosis. 

OSTEOGENIA,  Ossification. 

OSTEOG'RAPIIY,  Oxteo.jra'phia,  from  oorcov, 
'a  bone.'  and  ypailjtiv,  '  to  describe.'  Description 
of  the  b(mes.  The  part  of  anatomy  which  de- 
scribes the  bones. 

OSTEOIIELCOSIS,  Caries. 

OS'TEOID,  (hteoVdes,  (F.)  Oxtiidf,  from  oartov, 
'bone,'  and  uioi,  'appearance.'  An  accidental 
bony  production,  or  more  frequently  a  morbid 
production,  which  is  a  calcareous  incrustation  of 
the  normal  tissue  or  of  fibrous  tumours. 

OSTEOLITIIOS,  Osteocolla. 

OSTEOL'OGY,  0>iteolo>j"ia,  from  ocrtov,  'a 
bone,'  and  Xoyos,  'a  discourse.'  The  part  of  ana- 
tomy which  treats  of  bones. 

OSTEOLY'O'SIS,  from  oareov,  'a  bone,'  and 
Xufc),  'I  dissolve.'  Necrosis  or  death  of  the  bone, 
as  in  hospital  gangrene,  in  which  the  dead  parts 
are  of  soft  consistence. 

OSTEOMA,  Exostosis. 

OSTEOMALACIA,  Mollities  ossium  — o.  In- 
fantum, Rachitis. 

OSTEOMALACOSIS.  Mollities  ossium. 

OSTEOiMYELITIS,  Medullitis. 

OSTEON,  Bone— 0.  Hieron,  Sacrum. 

OSTEONABRO'SIS,  Oxteoanabro'iis,  from 
oareov,  'a  bone,'  a  priv.,  and  Ppi-iai;,  'nutriment.' 
Atrophy  of  the  osseous  texture  marked  by  dimi- 
nution of  volume. 

OSTEON'CUS,  from  oareov,  'a  bone,' and  oy/cof, 
'a  tumour.'     A  bony  tumour. 

OSTEONECROSIS,  Necrosis. 

OSTEON'OSI,  Oxteonii'ii,  from  oareov,  'a  bone,' 
and  voao^,  'a  disease.'  Mur'li  oe'ninm.  Diseases 
of  the  bones. 

OSTEOP.EDION,  Lithoptedion. 

OSTEOPALIN'CLASIS,  from  oareov,  'a  bone,' 
Ttn\iv,  'again,'  and  K'Kaan,  'fracture.'  The  break- 
ing again  of  a  bone  which  has  united  unfavour- 
ably. 

OSTEOPHY^'MA,  Ostconcus.  Sometimes  used 
in  the  sense  of  Exostosis.  By  Lobstein  applied 
to  bony  productions  originating  in  the  deep- 
seated  layers  of  the  periosteum,  in  the  vicinity 
of  a  carious  bone,  and  which  seem  to  be  intended 
to  obviate  the  weakness  resulting  from  the  de- 
struction of  the  bone. 

OSTEOPHYTE.  Exostosis. 

OSTEOPH'YTON,  Os'teophtfte,  from  oartov,  'a 
bone,'  and  (pvia,  'I  grow.'  Under  this  name, 
Rokitansky  describes  a  deposition  of  bony  matter, 
found  by  him  on  the  inner  surface  of  the  parietea 
of  the  skull  of  pregnant  women. 

OS'TEOPLASTY,  (F.)  Oxieoplnxticjrom  oartov, 
'a  bone,' and  -ityaaaetv,  'to  form.'  An  operation 
by  which  the  total  or  partial  loss  of  a  bone  is 
remedied. 

OSTEOPLEU'RA,  Pieurosto'sis,  from  oanov, 
'a.  bone,'  and  jrXevpov,  'a  rib.'  Ossification  of  the 
cartilages  of  the  ribs. 

OSTEOPORO'SIS,  OxteoPchro'xis,  from  oartov, 
'a  bone,' and  irwp'Doif.  'induration.'  Induration 
of  a  bone,  from  the  deposition  of  too  much  bony 
matter.  Also,  a  bony  degeneration,  which  con- 
sists in  too  great  porosity  with  hardening.  [?] 

OSTEOPSATHYROSIS,  Frngilitas  osaium. 

OSTEO-SARCO'MA,  OHteo-xarco'xix.  Soreo$lo'' 
sis,  llcsniatcxostu'eis,  from  oartov, '  bone,'  aud  <Tfl/J{> 


OSTEOSARCOSIS 


CGo 


OTITIS 


aaiiicof,  '  flesh.'    Disease  of  the  bony  tissue,  which 
ci)nsi.«t3   in   softening    of   its   laminae,   and    their 
triinsfonnalion  into  a  Uesliy  suUstance,  analogous 
Id    that    of   cancer;    accompanied    with    general 
eyinptoms  of  cancerous  affection.     The  word  has 
often,  also,  been  used  synonymously  with  spina 
ventosa. 
OSTEOSARCOSIS,  Osteosarcoma. 
OSTEOSCLEROSIS,  Osteoporosis. 
OSTEOSIS,  Ossification. 

OsTEO-STEATO'MA,  Exonto'sin  steatomnto'- 
den,  from  oartuv,  'a  bone,'  and  areap,  arearoi,  '  suet 
or  fat.'  A  name  given  to  bony  tumours  or  de- 
generntiDtis,  which  sometimes  belong  to  osteo-sar- 
coina;  at  others,  to  spina  ventosa,  exostosis,  &c. 
OSTEOTOJfE ;  .same  etymon  as  Osteotomy. 
A  bone  saw,  which  has  the  form  of  a  chain. — 
Nyslen. 

OSTEOT'OMIST,  Osteotomia'ta.  Same  etymon 
ns  the  ne.\t.  An  instrument,  invented  by  I)r.  D. 
Davis,  for  cutting  the  bones  of  the  foetal  cranium, 
where  it  becomes  necessary  to  greatly  reduce  the 
size  of  the  head  in  parturition. 

OSTKOT'OAIY,    OHteotnm'in,    from    oarcov,    'a 
bone,' and  tchvuv,  'to  cut,'  (ronri,  'an  incision.') 
The  part  of  practical  anatomy  whose  object  is  the 
dissection  of  bones. 
OSTEOTOl'HUS,  Tophus. 
OSTEOTYLUS,  Callus. 
OSTEULCUJI,  Bone-nippers. 
OSTEUM,  Bone. 
OSTIIEXTA,  see  Ossification. 
OSTIAKIUS,  Pylorus. 

OSTIOIjUM,  diminutive  of  oanov,  'a  mouth 
or  o|)ening.'     A  small  door  or  gate. 

OsTioLA    Counis,    Vdl'vtitcB    cordis,    Pellic'ttlce 
coydin.     'I'he  valves  of  the  heart. 
OSTITIS.  Osteitis. 
OS'TllIM,  oarcov,  Orific"uim,  a  door  or  gate, 

—  of  the  heart,  for  example.  The  opening  — 
Oa'tiitiii  (itn'oveiitricula're  seu  ventric'nli  veno'miin 

—  between  the  auricle  and  ventricle  of  each  side. 
Oii'liiim  reiitn'c'iili  arterio'siim,  is  the  opening  at 
tlie  orijiiii  of  the  pulmonary  artery  and  aorta. 

OsTtiiM  Abdominalk,  see  Tube.  Fallopian  —  o. 
Arteriosum,  see  Ostium  —  o.  Atrioventriculare, 
see  Ostium — o.  Duodenale  ventriculi.  Pylorus — o. 
Internum,  see  Ostium  uteri  —  o.  Qilsophageum, 
Cardia. 

OsTii-M  U'teri.  The  vulva;  the  vagina.  The 
term  Os'tinm  inter' nnm  has  been  applied  to  the 
inferior  opening  of  the  uterus,  which  establishes 
a  free  communication  between  the  cavities  of  the 
body  and  neck,  and  which  is  often  obliterated  in 
old  women. — Cruveilhier.  The  neck  of  the  ute- 
rus: the  mouth  of  the  uterus.     See  Uterus. 

OsTii'M  Utkrinum,  see  Tube,  Fallopian — o. 
Vcnosmn,  see  Ostium  —  o.  Ventriculi  Duodenale 
sen  I'vloricum  seu  Dextrum  seu  Inferius,  Pylorus. 

OSTOOKS,  Osseous. 

OSTOIDEA  SUBSTANTIA,  see  Tooth. 

OSTOIl),  Osseous. 

OSTOMA,  Exostosis. 

OSTOSIS,  Ossification. 

OS'l'RE.A,  Os'treiiiii,  oarptov,  oarotiov,  Ox'trra 
e'ht'(i>i,(F.)  Iliiitre.  C'Ams,  Acephala.  The  oyster. 
The  oyster  is  a  wholesome  article  of  diet,  often 
advised  as  analeptic  and  easy  of  digestion. 

Thc^  shells,  7V.V/,/.  Oi'tncB,  Test.t  (Ph.  U.  S.). 
(F.)  Kidilirs  (Vhintri's.  have  been  received  into 
the  Pharmacopoeias,  and  used  medicinally.  Their 
virtues  are  similar  to  those  of  the  carbonate  of 
lime.     See  Creta. 

OSTREII.M.  Ostrea. 

OSTRITES,  Osteocolla. 

OSTRUTIIIUM,  Tniperatoria. 

OSWECiO  TEA,  Monarda  coccinea. 

OSYRIS.  Antirhinum  linaria. 

OTACOUST'IC,  Otacous'ticits,  from  ouj,  mroi, 


'  the  ear,'  and  oKovia,  '  I  listen.'  Arry  instrument 
is  so  called  which  improves  the  sense  of  bearing, 
— as  the  different  species  of  trumpets. 

OTAGRA,  Otalgia. 

OTAL'GIA.  Ot'of/ra,  Otod'yne,  OuiVcjy,  (F.) 
Oldhjie,  fr(,m  ovi,  wrof,  'the  ear,'  and  nSyoi,  'pain.' 
Pain  in  the  car;  Dohir  au'rium,  Spun'mus  au'- 
riiim.  Ear-ache.     See  Otitis. 

OTAL'GIC,  Ot'd'f/lcm,  (F.)  Oudyique.  An 
epithet  for  remedies  used  in  ot-algia. 

OTECHUS,  Tinnitus  aurium. 

OTEMPLAS'TRUM,  Otoph,»'ia,  Otoplas'trum, 
from  inis,  oton,  and  tymXadToov,  '  a  plaster.  A  plas- 
ter put  behind  the  ears. 

OTEN'CHYTES,  Oten'dnjta,  from  01,9,  otos, 
ev,  '  into,'  and  Xfw,  '  I  pour.'  Sipho  auricula' ris. 
A  species  of  syringe,  used  for  injecting  the  ear. 

OTHELCO'SIS,  from  ok*,  olos,  and  'c^^Kwats, 
'ulceration.'  Ulceration  or  suppuration  of  the 
ear. 

OTIIOXE,  Linteum. 

OTHONION,  Linteum. 

OTIIYG ROTES,  Otirrhoea. 

OTIATEH,  Aurist. 

OTIATRI'A,  Otiat'rice,  from  ous,  otos,  and 
loTftua,  'medicine.'  The  business  of  the  aurist. 
The  management  of  diseases  of  the  ear;  Aural 
jlledicine  and  Siirt/ery,  Ear  Siirgerij. 

OTIATRICE.  Otiatria. 

OTIATRUS,  Aurist. 

O'TIC,  O'ticiis,  (F.)  Otiqne,  from  ons,  otos. 
Belonging  or  relating  to  the  ear.  A  medicine 
employed  in  diseases  of  the  ear. 

Otic  Ganglion,  Olo,/aii'(/liiim,  Gavcflion  auri- 
cii/a're  seu  o'tiriiiii,  Auric'ular  (jau<ilioii,  Gaixjlion 
of  Arnold,  (F.)  Ga)i(jtion  niaj-illo-li/mpaiiiqne. 
This  is  a  small  ganglion,  although  more  than 
double  the  size  of  the  ojihthalmic,  ash-coloured 
and  pulpy  like  the  ganglions  of  the  sympathetic. 
It  is  situate  in  advance  of  the  ganglion  of  Gasser, 
on  the  lower  surface  of  the  inferior  maxillary 
nerve,  at  the  inner  margin  of  the  foramen  ovale 
of  the  sphenoid  bone.     See  Petrous  ganglion. 

OTIRRIICE'A,  Olorrha'a,  Olhy',, rotes,  Btenno- 
torrhae'a,  (F.)  Cotarrhe  de  I'Oreille,  from  oi(», 
otoH,  and  ptu).  '  I  flow.'  Discbarge  of  a  purulent 
or  puriform  liquid,  from  the  meatus  auditorius  ex- 
ternus,  Pyorrhw'a  au'rixm.  Otopyorrhea,  Pyn- 
otorrha>'a,  Otorrha'a  jxirnlen'ta.  It  is  a  symp- 
tom of  chronic  otitis.  Some  authors,  have,  in- 
deed, used  the  term  synonymously  with  chronic 
otitis.  AVhen  it  extends  to  the  brain,  it  is  termed 
ciM-'ebral  otorrhic'a  ;  and  when  from  the  middle 
or  internal  ear,  it  is  termed  iiitermd  otorrhvea, 
Olorrhoe'a  iiitcr'ua,  and  Eiitotorrha'a. 

OriHRHfKA   Ckukbral,  SCO  Otirrhoea. 

OTITES,  see  Digitus. 

OTI'TIS.  Otophhii'iuone,  Empren'ma  otitis, 
hijiniiinia'tio  nitris,  Injlamnxitlon  of  the  ear,  (F.) 
Otite,  Iiijlammation  dc  roreille,  from  ons,  otos, 
and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  ear,  characterized 
by  excruciating  pain  ;  intolerable  humming  in 
the  ear,  with  a  discharge  of  mucus  generallj'  from 
the  meatus  externns  or  from  the  Eustachian 
tube.  When  the  inflammation  is  restricted  to 
the  lining  membrane  of  the  meatus,  it  is  termed 
otitis  catarrha'lis.  Otitis  is  divided  into  ejterinil 
and  internal,  according  as  it  affects  the  meatus 
auditorius,  or  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum  or 
internal  ear.  It  may  be  acute  or  chronic.  Acute 
otitis  commonly  terminates  in  a  few  days  in  a 
favourable  manner,  with  the  aid  of  antiplilogis- 
ties.  Chronic  otitis,  otirrha-'a.  is  almost  always 
accompanied  by  a  purulent  <lischargo  from  the 
meatus  auiiiforius.  It  is  often  incurable,  and 
may  ultimately  give  occasion  to  disease  of  the 
internal  ear,  and  even  of  the  brain. 

OTrris  Catahkualis,  see  Otitis. 


OTIUM 


666 


OVIUEROUS 


O'TIIIM,    Otn'riiim,   from  oiis,  oton.     A  small 
ear.     The  nuricle  or  pavilion  of  the  ear. 

OTOCEPH'ALUS,  JJoio/tid,    from    oiis,    otos, 
and  K£0aA>;,  'head.'     A  monster,  whose  ears  are 
in  contact,  or  united  into  one. 
OTOCOXIES,  see  Otolithi. 
OTODYXE,  Otalgia. 
OTO(JLYPinS,  Earpick. 
OTOGLYPIIUM,  Earpick. 
OTOG'RAPHY,    Otoi/ra'phia,  from   om,  otos, 
and  ypaii>ri,  '  a  description.'    The  part  of  anatomy 
■which  describes  the  ear. 

OT'OLITIIS,  Otol'iihi,  0'toUtes,{F.)  OtolitJies, 
from  ottH,  otos,  and  Xi6o;,  'a  stone.'  AVhite  cal- 
careous substances  contained  in  the  membranous 
vestibule,  and  seeming  to  be  suspended  in  the 
fluid  of  the  vestibule  by  means  of  a  number  of 
nervous  filaments  proceeding  from  the  auditory 
nerve.  Their  universal  presence  in  the  ear  of 
the  mammalia  would  seem  to  show  that  they  are 
inservient  to  audition.  When  of  a  looser  con- 
sistence, they  are  called  Olocun'ia,  (F.)  Otoconies, 
from  ouj,  u>Toi,  '  the  ear,'  and  kopiu,  '  dust.' 

OTOL'OGY,  Otoloii'ia,  from  oiis,  otos,  and 
Xoyof,  'a  discourse.'  The  part  of  anatomy  which 
treats  of  the  ear.  An  anatomical  treatise  ou  the 
ear. 

OTOPATIIEMA,  Otopathy. 

OTOP'ATHY,  Otopntln'n,  Otopntlie'ma,  from 
oi'«,  otos,  and  7ra0yj,  'a  disease.'  A  diseased  con- 
ditiiin  of  the  ear. 

OTOPIILEGMONE.  Otitis. 
OTOPLASTA,  Otemplastrum. 
OTOPLAS'TICE,    O'topfosi;/,  from    o»«,  otos, 
and  TT^affTiKof,  '  forming.'     The  operation  for  re- 
Storing  a  lost  ear. 

OTOPLASTRUM,  Otemplastrum. 
OTOPYORRHCEA,  Otirrhoea. 
OTORRHAG"IA,    from    o,ts,  otos,  and   payr,, 
'rupture.'     I'lecding  from  the  car  or  ears. 

OTORRIIKUMATIS'MUS,  from  ous,  otos,  and 
ftvjtaTiajioi,  'rheumatism;'  Otal'ijia  rhettmat'ica. 
Kheumatic  ear-ache. 

OTORllIKEA.  Otirrhoea— o.  Cerebral,  see  Olir- 
rhoea^o.  Interna,  see  Otirrhoea — o.  Purulenta, 
Otirrhoea. 

O'TOSCOPE,  Otoscop'i'um,  from  ous,  otos,  and 
o-fcor;;,  '  examination.'  An  instrument  for  exami- 
ning the  condition  of  the  ear.  An  elastic  stetho- 
scope, the  ends  of  which  are  tipped  with  ivory — 
one  to  be  inserted  into  the  meatus  of  the  jiatient. 
and  the  other  applied  to  the  ear  of  the  examiner. 
OTOT'OMY,  Ototom'in,  from  ohs,  otos,  and 
reiivtiv,  'to  cut.'  The  part  of  practical  anatomy 
which  teaches  the  mode  of  dissecting  and  pre- 
paring the  ear. 

OTTO  OF  ROSES,  see  Rosa  centifolia. 
OUACHITA  SPRINGS,  see  Arkansas,  mine- 
ral waters  of. 

OU'iE,  Audition. 
OULA,  Gingivae. 
OULE.  Cicatrix. 
OULITIS.  Ulitis. 
OULORRIIAGIA,  Illorrhagia. 
OUNCE.  Un'cia.     A  weight  equal  to  the  16th 
part  of  a  pound  avoirdupois,  tiie  12th  of  a  pound 
troy.     It  is  composed  of  8  drachms.     See  Weights 
and  Measures. 

OUR  A  QUE,  Uraehus. 
OUR  A  R  I,  Curare. 
OUREMA.  Urine. 

OU/iL/JS,  Parotis,  Cynanche  parotid»a. 
OURON,  Urine. 

OUS,  genitive  otos,  on?,  oiros.  Ear. 
OUTHAR,  Mamma,  Uterus. 
OUriiE-MEIt.  Lapis  lazuli. 
OUVERTURE  CADAVERIQVE,  Autopsia 
Cadaverica. 


OVA  GRAAFIANA,  Folliculi  Graafiani— o. 
Naliothi,  Nabotbi  glanduUe. 

OVA  IRE.  Ovarium. 

OVAL,  Ovd'lis,  Oo'des,  Ooi'des,  Ovo'tus.  (Y.) 
Ovule,  from  uiov,  ovum,  '  an  egg.'  Egg-.-^luipcd  ; 
elliptic.     That  which  is  round  and  oblong  like  un 

egg- 

OvALK  FoUA'men,  Foramen  oo'des,  (F.)  Troii 
ovah.  The  foramen  obturatoriuni ;  also,  (lie  fo. 
ramen  in  the  inner  ]>aries  of  the  middle  car,  wliich 
opens  into  the  vestibule;  the  foramen  in  ilie 
sphenoid  bone,  through  which  the  third  )ir;inili 
of  the  fifth  pair  issues  from  the  cranium;  and  llin 
aperture,  in  the  foetus,  between  the  auricles  of 
the  heart.     See  Botal  Foramen. 

OVAI.IS  Fossa,  Fo'rcn  ora'lls,  Vol'niln  sou 
Vest>g"ii(iii  Foroin'itiis  ovolls,  is  a  depression  ob. 
served  in  the  right  auricle  of  the  heart,  in  the 
sejitum,  whicii  separates  it  from  the  left  auricle. 
It  has  thick  and  strong  edges,  at  its  ni>iier  and 
fore  part,  called  OoIiiiii'hcb  fornm'lins  ovit'lis, 
htlinius  seu  Aii'nidiis  Vieiisse'in'i,  Au'indiis  sou 
Liiiibtia  fossa;  oDiilis :  in  the  foetus  culled  Au'- 
inihis  foraiii'iiiis  seu  fossa  omi'lis.  The  fossa 
ovalis,  in  the  adult,  reidaces  the  inter-auricular 
aperture  in  the  septum  auritularum  of  the  fa'tus. 
OVALBUMEN,  Albumen  ovi. 
OVA'RIAN,  Of(('ii(d,  Ovarin'nus,  (F.)  Orn- 
rieii,  Ovuriqne ;  from  ovnriinn,  uinpioc,  'the 
ovary.'  Relating  or  belonging  to  the  ovary — iis 
Ovarian  pref/iKinci/. 

Ovarian  Autkhy. Spermatic  artery — o.  Nerves, 
Spermatic  plexus  of  nerves  —  o.  Pregnancy,  see 
Pregnancy,  ovarian — o.  Veins,  Spermatic  veins — 
o.  Vesicles.  Folliculi  Graafiani. 
OVARIOTOMY,  Oariotomy. 
O'VARISTS,  Ovists.  Same  etymon  as  Ovnrifin, 
Those  j)bysiologists  who  think  that  the  idienoniena 
of  generation,  in  the  human  species  and  in  every 
species  of  animal,  result  from  the  development 
of  the  ova  or  ovula  of  the  female,  merely  incited 
by  the  male.  Not  many  of  the  physiologists  of 
the  present  day  can  bo  classed  among  the 
ovarists. 

OVARITIS.  Oaritis. 

OVA'RIUM.  Diminutive  of  wov,  nrnm,  'nn 
egg.'  The  O'vory,  (Sc.)  E(j<jhcd ;  Testis  nivlie'- 
bris  seu  femine'us,  Oa'rion,  Ooph'oron.  (n/uon'- 
riinn.  Vesica' rinni,  (F.)  Ovaire.  The  ovaries  are 
the  organs  in  which  the  ova  are  formed  in  ovi- 
parous animals.  By  analogy,  the  name  has  been 
given  to  the  organs  which  the  ancients  called  the 
testicles  of  the  female.  They  are  two  ovoid 
bodies,  almost  as  large  as  the  testicles  in  men, 
placed  on  each  side  of  the  uterus,  between  the 
Fallopian  tube  and  round  ligament,  and  in  the 
substance  of  the  broad  ligament.  Their  outer 
extremity  gives  attachment  to  one  of  the  jirojec- 
tions  of  the  fimbriated  extremity  of  the  Fallo- 
pian tube  ;  and  the  internal  is  fixed  to  the  uterus 
by  a  small  ligamentous  cord,  called  Liyameii'tiim 
rottiii'diitn  ova'rii,  Lif/'avient  of  the  O'viiy.  The 
ovaries  are  composed  of  a  very  close,  spongy  tex- 
ture— stroma, — and  of  small  vesicles — follic'nh 
Graajia'ni,—  filled  with  a  clear  fluiil  :  these  vesi- 
cles contain  ovules,  which  detach  themselves  from 
the  ovarium  before  and  after  fecundation,  and  are 
carried  into  the  cavity  of  the  uterus  by  the  Fal- 
lopian tube. 

Ovarium   Tt'MinuM,   Oarioncus  —  o.   Nabothi, 
Nabothi  glanduln?. 
OVATUS,  Oval. 

OVER-EATING,  COLIC  FRO.M,  Colica  cra- 
pulosa. 

OVERO  BT'TTTA,  Pareirabrava. 
OVrCAPSULE,  see  Folliculi  Graafiani. 
OVIDUCT.  Tube.  Fallopian. 
OVIDUCTUS  MULIEBRIS,  Tuba  Fnllopiano. 
OVIG"EROUS,     O'viger,     Oviy"erns;     from 


0  VI  PARITY 


CO  7 


OXYCAXTIIA 


oKtim,  'an  egg,'  and  <jero,  'I  bear.'     Containing 
or  [iroiliK-ing  ova  or  bggs. 

OVirMtirK,  see  Oviparous. 
0VII"A110US,  Omp'iiruH,  (F.)  Oripare  ;  from 
oixiiii,  '  an  egg,'  ami  porio,  '  I  bring  forth.'  An 
epitliet  iipplioil  to  nniiniils  which  are  hatched  from 
egg^  oiitsi<ie  of  the  body.  The  condition  may  be 
termed  Ovip'urmtHneHH,  (F.)  Oviparite.  See  Ge- 
neratirm. 

OVIPAROUSXESS,  see  Oviparous. 
OVISAC,  see  Follicuii  (JraaOani — o.  Tunic  of 
the.  see  Follicuii  Graaliani. 

OVISTS,  Ovarists. 

OVOLOdY.  Oologia. 

OVO-VIVIP'AROUS,  (F.)  Ovo-vivtpare,  from 
omun,  'an  egg.'  vivns,  'living,'  and  parlo,  'I 
bring  forth.'  Oviparous  animals,  whose  ova  are 
hatched  within  the  mother, — vipers,  for  example. 
See  (Jeneriition. 

OVULA  r.IlAAPIANA,  Follicuii  Graafiani  — 
0.  Nahothi,  Nabothi  glandnlne. 

O'VULAR,  Orithi' riH ;  from  oi'iilitm,  'an  ovule.' 
Rcl.-iring  or  belonging  to  the  ovule. 

OVrL.\'TION ;  from  ovnlum,  diminutive  of 
ovum,  'an  egg.'  The  formation  of  ova  in  the 
ovary,  and  the  discharge  of  the  same.  Also,  the 
development  of  the  embryo  from  the  esrg. 

Si'oNTAXBoiis  Ovulation,  (F.)  Ovuhition  spoii- 
tniiee,  is  the  spontaneous  formation  and  discharge 
of  ova  which  takes  place  in  the  female  of  the 
inninninlia,.     See  Ileat. 

OVULE.  Ovuluin. 

OVUIitXE,  Dccidna  refloxa. 

O'VUTjU.M.  O'vnle;  diminutive  of  ovum,  'an 
egg.'  A  small  egg.  That  which  has  the  appear- 
ance of  a  sniiill  egg.     See  Ovum. 

OVUM,  0)01',  Onn.  an  egg.  The  eggs  of  poultry 
are  chiefly  uslmI  as  food.  The  different  parts  are, 
likewise,  employed  in  medicine.  The  shell,  An- 
rnn'cum,  Auniii'tiiii),  (F.)  Coqiie  ou  Coqnille 
d'ltiif,  calcined,  is  esteemed  an  absorbent.  The 
Oil  of  the  c'lg  is  emollient,  and  is  used,  exter- 
nally, to  burns  and  chaps.  The  Yolk  or  Yelk 
of  the  erjr/ — Vitel'lnm  sen  Vitrl'lns  ovi,  Lec'ithon 
—  renders  oils,  &c..,  miscible  with  water.  Eggs, 
when  light  boiled,  are  easy  of  digestion;  but, 
when  very  hard-boiled  or  fried,  they  are  more 
'rebellious. 

Einf  liranrt;!  is  made  by  taking  of  lirandji  f,^iv  ; 
ClniioiiDm  writer,  f.^iv;  the  yolks  of  two  e(jqn  ; 
Si(;i(ti:  '^•sa :  nnd  Oil  «/"  c/(iii«;«o»,  gtt.  ij.  Mix 
the  yolks  of  the  eggs  first  with  the  water,  the  oil 
and  the  sugar,  stirring  constantly.  Then  add  the 
brandy  little  and  little,  until  a  smooth  fluid  is 
formed.  It  is  an  agreeable  mode  of  giving  brandy 
in  adynamic  states. 

In  I'liarmari/,  white  of  etjg,  which  consists 
chiefly  of  albumen,  is  used  for  clarifying  syrups. 
Ac.  Yolh  of  cfjij,  (F.)  .hiiine  d'opiif,  beaten  up 
with  warm  water  and  sugar,  and  nromntized  with 
orange -flower  Wiiter,  forms  an  emulsion,  which 
is  emollient,  and  known  under  the  name  Lait  de 
poiile  or  rhicken'K  milk. 

Anatomists  give  the  name  Ora,  O'vidn,  O'viilen, 
(F.)  (Eiifs,  to  round  vesicles,  containing  a  humour 
similar  to  the  yolk  of  egg,  which  are  situate  in 
the  ovaries  of  the  female,  and,  when  fecundated, 
constitute  the  ru<liments  of  the  foetus.  During 
gestation,  the  embryo  and  its  envelopinj  mem- 
branes retain  the  name  Omm,  CF.)  (Eiif.  The 
changes  induced  in  the  mammalia  after  impreg- 
nation greatly  resemble  those  in  the  bird. 

OvtTM,  Testicle  —  o.  Hysterieum,  see  Clavus 
hystericus. 

OXALAS  SUBPOTASSICUS,  Potass,  oxalate 
of. 

OXALAT'IC,  Ornlat'iciin.  Relatinff  to  orn- 
latet:  hence  Ojcohit'ic  or  Oxalic  acid  Diath'esia 


is  the  habit  of  body  which  favours  the  formation 
and  deposition  of  oxalates  from  the  urine. 

OXAL'IC  ACID,  Acidiim  oxali'nnm  seu  unc- 
chari'iiiim  seu  hydro-cnrhon' icum  seu  acelosel'la>, 
seu  oxrd'icitin  seu  snc'ehnri,  Acid  of  siir/fir  or  <;/" 
sorrel,  C'tr'bououa  acid,  from  o^uAis,  'sorrel.'  An 
acid  found  in  sorrel.  It  crystallizes  in  long, 
colourless,  quadrangular  prisms,  and  is  generally 
found,  in  nature,  united  with  lime  or  potai^sa 
It  has  been  proposed,  in  a  diluted  state,  as  a  re- 
frigerant, but  it  is  unnecessary  :  and,  besides,  in 
quantity,  it  is  a  virulently  acrid  poison.  It  is 
largely  employed  for  cleaning  boot-tops  ;  and,  as 
it  strongly  resembles  the  sulphate  of  magnesia, 
has  often  been  taken  for  it.  Several  fatal  cases 
are,  indeed,  on  record.  For  its  antidotes,  &c., 
see  Poison. 

OXALIC  ACID  DIATHESIS,  see  Oxalatic. 

OXALIDE,  Oxalis  acetosella. 

OXALIS  ACETOSA,  Rumex  acetosus. 

Ox'alis  Acetoskl'la,  0.  America'na,  Ox;!S 
alba,  called  from  ofu?,  'acid.'  owing  to  the  sharp- 
ness of  its  juice.  Ths  systematic  name  of  tlie 
Wuodsorrel,  Ciickowbrend,  Smtr  Trefoil,  White 
sorrel,  3foHittain  Sorrel,  Trifo'llnm  oceto'snm, 
Ojcitriphi/l'liim,  Liijidn,  AUeht'ja,  Acetonrl'la, 
Oxyphijl'lon,  Ox>)triphijl'lon,  Pauls  cu'cnli,  (F.) 
Su'relle,  Ox>dide,  Pain  a  Coucou,  Alleluia.  Ord. 
Oxalidacea3.  Sex.  Syst.  Decandria  Decagynia. 
This  plant  has  a  gratefully  acid  taste,  and  is  used 
in  salads.  It  has  been  esteemed  refrigerant,  an- 
tiscorbutic, and  diuretic. 

Oxalis  Americaxa,  0.  acetosella. 

Oxalis  Stricta,  Yellow  wood  surrel ;  indige- 
nous, has  similar  virtues. 

Oxalis  Tiibkro'sa,  Oca.  A  tuberous  plant, 
whose  oval-shaj)ed  root  is  used  as  food  by  the 
Peruvians.  It  is  watery,  has  a  sweetish  taste, 
and  is  much  liked. 

OXALIUM,  Potass,  oxalate  of. 

OXAL'ME.  from  ofuf,  'acid,'  and  'uXf,  'salt.' 
A  mixture  of  vinegar  and  salt. 

OXALII'RIA,  Urine,  oxalic. 

OXELvE'ON,  from  olui,  '  acid,'  and  tXaiov,  'oil.' 
A  mixture  of  vinegar  and  oil,  used  as  a  condi- 
ment. 

OX  EYE,  Ileleniura  autumnale — o.  Gall,  Bile 
of  the  ox. 

OX  ROLE,  AcetolS. 

OXfCEDRE,  Juniperus  oxyeedrus. 

OXID,  Oxvd. 

OXIDATION,  Oxydation. 

OXIDE,  Oxvd. 

OXIDUM,  Oxyd,  see  Oxydum. 

OXI'NES,  o^ifi/f,  [oivos,)  flora  o^v^,  'acid.' 
Wine  alreadv  sour,  but  not  vet  vinegar. 

OXTTRIPIIYLLUM,  Oxilis  acetosella. 

0X0 DE,  Oxvd. 

OXODES,  Acidulous. 

OXOIDES.  Acidulous. 

OXOS.  Aceticnm  acidum,  Acetum. 

OXTER.  Axilla. 

OXURE.  Oxyd. 

OXYA.  Fasrus  sylvatica. 

OXYACAXTIIA,  Mespilus  oxyaeantha. 

OxyacAn'tiia  Galf/xi,  Ber'herh.  E.  vulgn'rls. 
Spina  ac"ld<i,  Crcnpl'inis,  (F.)  Epl»e  vliiette, 
Vlnettier.  Famlli/,  Berberidesr.  Se-r.  Si/»t. 
Ilexandria  Monogynia.  The  Barberry.  The  fruit 
of  the  berries,  Barberries,  is  gratefully  acid,  and 
moderately  astringent.  By  preparing  an  alco- 
holic extract  of  the  root  and  addina:  water  to  it, 
a  pulverulent  brown  substance  is  thrown  down, 
which,  when  dissolved  in  alcohol  and  evaporated, 
yields  the  bitter  principle,  Berberln,  which  is  an 
excellent  stomachic  in  the  dose  of  2,  5,  or  10 
grains. 

The  American  Barberry,  Ber'heris   Canaden'- 


OXY.ESTIIESIA 


668 


OXYNOSEMA 


«i'«,   Pipperidge  Bush,  Soioherrij,  differs    slightly 
from  the  European.     It  flourishes  on  mountains 
and  hillv  districts  from  Canada  to  Virginia. 
OXY^ESTHE.SIA,  Hyperwsthesis. 
OXYAPIIE,  Hvperaphia. 
OXYAPHIA,  llyperaphia. 
OXYBAPIIION,  see  Acetabulum. 
OXYBOL'IA,   from    o|uj,    'quick,'   and   /3oX),, 
'ejection.'     Too  rapid  emission  of  sperm. 
OXYCE DUE.  Juniperus  oxycedrus. 
OXYCEPHA'LIA,    '  Suj,'ar-loaf    head,'    from 
o|i)«,  '  sliarp,'  and  Kt<pa\ri,  '  head.'     Monstrosity  in 
which  the  head  is  peaked  like  a  sugar-loaf. 

OXYCOCCOS,  Vaccinium  oxycoccos — o.  Pa- 
lustris,  Yaccinium  uxycoccos. 

OX'YCRATE,  0.cycra'tniii,  from  o[vg,  'acid,' 
and  Kp(iu),  'I  mix;'  Posca,  Phusca.  A  mixture 
of  vinegar  and  water;  frequently  used  in  medi- 
cine as  a  refriijerant  and  antiseptic. 

OXYCRO'CEUM  EMPLASTRUM,  from  o|uj, 
'acid,'  and  /cpoicof,  'satfrcm.'  A  plaster,  compo.^^ed 
of  saffron,  pitch,  colophony,  yellow  wax,  turpen- 
tine, (/albanum,  gum  ammoniac,  myrrh,  olihanum, 
and  mastic.  It  was  employed  as  a  strengthening 
plaster. 

OXYCUM.  Oxygen. 

OXYD,  Oxid,  Oxide,  Oxyde,  Ox'ydum,  Ox'- 
idum,  (F.)  Oxyde,  Oxhide,  Oxiire,  from  of u 5,  'acid.' 
A  combination,  not  acid,  of  a  simple  body  with 
oxygen. 

Ox  YD,  Calculous,  Oxyd,  cystic  —  o.  Vesical, 
Oxyd,  cj'stic. 

Oxyd,  Cystic,  Cnl'culous  or  Vea'ical  oxyd,  Cys- 
tine, Nephrine,  Scor'doamine.  A  species  of  uri- 
nary calculus,  having  the  shape  of  confused, 
yellowish,  semi-transparent,  insipid,  very  hard 
crystals.  When  distilled,  it  furnishes  subcar- 
bonate  of  ammonia,  like  all  nitrogenized  mat- 
ters. It  dissolves  in  the  nitric,  sulphuric,  phos- 
phoric, and  oxalic  acids. 

OXYDA'TION,    Oxyda'tio,   Oxida'tion,    Oxy- 
gona'tion.     The  action  of  oxydizing  a  body;  that 
is,  of  combining  it  with  oxygen ;  a  combination 
from  which  results  an  oxyd. 
OXYDE,  Oxyd. 

OXYDE  D'ANTIMOTNE  SULFURE,  Oxy- 
dum  stibii  sulphuratum — o.  Gria  ou  noir  de  Mer- 
cure,  see  Ilydrargyri  oxydum  cinereum. 

OXYDER'CIA,  Oxydor'cia,  Viana  a' cies,  from 
of"s,  '  quick,'  and  iepxin,  '  I  see.'  Sharpness  of 
vision. 

OXYDER'CICUS,    Oxyder'cea.      A   medicine 
which  sharpens  the  sight. 
OXYDORCIA,  0.xydercia. 
OXYDUM,  Oxid — o.  Antimonii  cum  phosphate 
calcis,  Antiinonial  powder. 

OxYDiur  Fkisri  Nigritm,  Ferri  ox'idnm  ni- 
grum. Black  oxyd  0/  iron.  The  scales,  which  fall 
from  iron,  when  heated,  consist  of  iron,  combined 
with  oxygen.  They  have  been  used  like  the  cha- 
lybeates  in  general.  The  Edinburgh  Pharmaco- 
pneia  has  a  Ferri  ox'idum  nigrum,  made  by  pre- 
cipitating, by  ammonia,  a  solution  of  the  mixed 
tulphatea  of  protoxide  and  aesquioxide  of  iron. 
An  analogous  preparation  is  in  the  Dublin  Phar- 
macopoeia, under  the  name  Ferri  ox'ydum  mag- 
net'icnm.  Magnetic  oxide  of  iron.  Mar'tial  Ethiopia. 
OXYDUM      FrKIUCI'M      CHYSTALLIZATITM      NaTI- 

vuM,  Haematites — o.  Ilydrargyri  completum,  Ily- 
drargyri nitrico-oxydum — o.  Hydrargyricura,  Hy- 
drargyri  nitrico-oxydum — o.  Hydrargyricuin  prae- 
paratum,  Ilydrargyri  oxydum  cinereum — o.  Hy- 
drargyrosum,  Ilydrargyri  oxydum  cinereum. 

OxvnuM  Stibii  SiiLi-nrRA'TUM,  Hcpar  anti- 
nio'nii,  Crii'cna  rnetallo'rum  sen  antimo'nii,  (F.) 
Oxyde  d'antinioine  aidfure,  Foie  d'Antimoine. 
This  was  formerly  exhibited  in  the  cure  of  fevers, 
but  it  is  now  rarely  employed. 

OXYDUM  URiCUM,  Uric  oxide. 


OXYECOIA,  Hypcracusis. 

OXYtJ'ALA,  from  ofuj,  'sour,'  and  y.iXa,  'milk.' 
Sour  milk.  The  Oxygala  equi'nnm,  Caracas' mot, 
is  reckoned  amongst  the  delicucics  of  the  Tartars. 

OXYG'ARON,  from  ofuj,  'acid,'  and  yapov, 
'garum.'     A  Composition  of  garum  and  vinegar. 

OX'YGEN,  Oxygen' ium,  Eiupy'real,  Pure, 
Vital  or  Dephlogis'ticated  air,  Oxyg"enea,  Ox'- 
ycum,  Prinvip' ium  oxyif'enans  seu  o.r)/gcuet'icum 
seu  acidijicana  seu  ac"iduin,  Elemen'tnm  ocidif- 
icum,  (F.)  Oxygene,  Air  du  feu  ;  I'rom  ai,\}%,  'acid,' 
and  ytvva^n,  '  I  engender,'  that  is,  generator  of 
acids  ;  and  such  it  was  believed  to  be,  exclusively, 
at  the  period  when  the  name  was  given  to  it. 
This  is  now  known  not  to  be  the  case.  Oxygen 
is  largely  distributed  in  nature.  It  exists  in  the 
air,  in  water,  in  several  acids,  in  all  the  oxyds, 
and  in  vegetable  and  animal  substances,  Ac, 
It  is  obtained  by  decomposing  the  peroxyd  of 
manganese  or  the  chlorate  of  potassa  by  lieat  in 
close  vessels.  Although  oxygen,  in  the  state  of 
admixture  in  which  it  is  found  in  the  atmosphere, 
is  of  vital  importance,  it  cannot  be  respired  in  a 
pure  state  with  impunity.  Animals  die  in  it  long 
before  the  whole  of  the  oxygen  is  consumed.  The 
properties  of  oxj'gen  seem  to  be  stimulant.  It 
increases  the  force  and  velocity  of  the  pulse,  and 
has,  accordingly,  been  used  in  cases  of  chronic 
debility,  chlorosis,  asthma,  scrofula,  dropsy,  para- 
lysis, (fee.  It  requires  to  be  diluted  with  from  10 
to  20  parts  of  atmospheric  air;  one  to  two  quarts 
being  given  during  the  day. 

OXYGENATION,  Oxydation. 

OXYGENE,  Oxygen. 

OXYG^NESES.  A  name  given  by  Bauraes 
to  diseases  which  he  attributed  to  disordered  oxy- 
genation. 

OXYGEUSIA,  Hypergeustia. 

OXYG'LICUS,  Oxyg'licea,  from  ofu;,  'acid,' 
and  yXvKVi,  'sweet;'  Mu/sa  acida.  Ace' turn  mul- 
sum  dulce.  Prepared  by  macerating  and  boiling 
honey-comb  (from  which  the  greater  part  of  the 
honey  has  been  taken)  in  water,  and  adding  vine- 
gar     An  Oxymel. 

OXY-IIYDRO-CARBURETUM  EX  OLEO 
PYROXYLICO  PARATUM,  Creasote. 

OXYLAPATHUM,  Rumex  acutus. 

OX'YMEL,  A]>om'eU,  Mel  accta'tnm,  (F.)  Aci- 
tomel,  fromofus,  'acid,'  and/ztAi,  'honey.'  Honey 
and  vinegar  boiled  to  a  syrupy  consistence.  {3fel, 
deapumat.  Ibv,  acid,  acetic.  ,^vij,  aq.  dcslillat. 
f^^viij.  Add  the  acid  to  the  water  and  mix  them 
with  the  honey  previously  heated. — Ph.  L.)  It 
is  cooling;  —  externally  detergent. 

OxYMEL  jEriiginis,  Linimentum  j^^ruginis. 

Oxymel  Col'ciiici,  0.  of  meadow  saffron,  (F.) 
Oxymel  colchiquc.  (Had.  colch.  recent,  in  lami- 
naa  tentiea  aectcB  ^j,  nceti  dcatillati  Ibj,  mellis  de- 
spnmat.  pond.  ftij.  Macerate  in  a  gentle  heat 
for  48  hours.  Press  and  boil  the  liquor  with  the 
honey  to  the  thickness  of  a  syrup;  stirring  with 
a  wooden  spoon.  Ph.  D.)  It  is  expectorant  and 
diuretic.     Dose,  f^],  in  gruel. 

OXYMEL  COLCHIQUE,  0.  colchici  — 0.  of 
Meadow  saffron,  0.  colchici. 

Oxymel  Scili,^:,  O.ofaquHh,  0.  Scilliiit'icum, 
Mel  scillfB.  {Mellis  despumat.  Oiss,  ace.ti  acill<B, 
Oij.  Boil  in  a  glass  vessel  over  a  gentle  fire  to  a 
proper  consistence.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  reputed  to 
be  expectorant  and  diuretic.     Dose,  f^j  to  fg'j- 

Oxymel  of  Squill,  0.  scillae. 
OXYMYRRHINE,  Ruseus. 
OXYMYRSINE,  Ruseus. 
OXYNtJIUM,  Adeps  suillus. 
OXYNI'TRON,  from  o(ij?,  'acid,'  and  i-irpov, 
'  nitre.'     Name  of  a  plaster,  composed  cliiefly  of 
vinegar  and  nitre,  and  recommended  by  Aetius. 
OXYNOSEMA,  Acute  disease. 


OXYNOSOS 


66  9 


rACHYDERMATOCELE 


OXYNOSOS,  Acute  disease. 

OXYNIISO.S,  Afute  disease. 

OXYO'PIA,  Onlrro'pi'n,  Ili/perop'm'n,  Suffn'sio 
trcld'raiiH,  Aries  vinAn,  from  ofvf,  'quick,'  and 
(,1'j/.  '  si;;IU.'  Excessive  ncuteness  of  the  sense  of 
i\%\\i.  Instances  have  occurred  where  persons 
(■(Hild  see  the  stars  in  the  day  time.  The  cause 
i"  seated  in  great  sensihility  of  the  retina.  The 
torm  has  been  used  synonymously  with  nycta- 
lopia. 

OXYOSPTIRE'SIA,  Oxjfosphm'iiin,  from  o^vi, 
'acute,'  and  oatpitriati,  'smell.  E.tcessive  acuteness 
of  the  sense  of  smell. 

OXYPIILEGMA'SIA,  o^vrpXcy^ia^ta,  (o(u!, 
'acute.'  and  (jiXcynaaia,)  Acn'lit  et  ve'hcmens  in- 
ftammri'tio.     A  violent  inflammation. 

OXYPIICRNICON,  Tamarindus. 

OXYPIICNIA.  Voxncu'ta;  from  of uy, 'sharp,' 
and  fiiivri,  'voice;'  Puraphn' niu  clanr/eiw  sou  id- 
cero'nii,  Claii/jor,  Vox  clmigo'sa,  Leptopho'nia. 
A  shrill  and  squalling  voice ,  — frequently,  a 
symptom  of  morbid  affection  of  the  larynx. 

OXYPIIYLLON,  Oxalis  acetosella. 

OXYPODIA.  see  Kyllosis. 

OXYPROTEIX,  sec  Corium  phlogistieura. 

OXYREG'MIA,  Riu-Uw  nc"l(his,  from  o^v;, 
'sour,'  and  tpcvyio,  '  I  belch.'     Acid  eructation. 

OXYR'IA  RENIFORM'IS,  Rumer  d!<i"y„uK, 
liorenl  snnrrlock.  Mountain  Sorrel,  Welsh  norrel. 
A  plant,  Old.  PolyganaceiJO,  Sex.  Syst.  Diandria 
Digyiiifl,  which  grows  in  the  northern  parts  of 
America  and  Europe;  blossoming  in  the  spring. 
It  possesses  the  same  properties  as  Oxalis  aceto- 
sella. 

OXYRRIIOD'IXON',  Ace'tnm  rnna'tum,  from 
ofuf,  'acid,'  and  poiav.  'a  rose.'  A  composition 
of  vinegar  and  roses.  (01.  ronat.  ^^ij,  aeet.  ronaf. 
,^j.)    Used  as  a  liniment  in  herpes  and  erysipelas. 

OXYS,  Acid,  Acute  —  o.  Al.ba,  Oxalis  aceto- 
sella. 

OXYSAC'CriARUM,  from  o|uc,  'acid,'  and 
aaK)(^apav,  'sugar.'  A  mixture  of  sugar  and  vine- 
gar. It  was  called  Crt/snc'clinntm  vomiti'vum, 
when  it  held  in  solution  the  glass  of  antimony; 
and  Otyaac'ehurum  acillit' icum,  when  it  contained 
siiuills. 


OXYSAL     DIAPnORET'ICUM     AN'GELT 

SALiE.  A  preparation  of  Angelo  Sala.  Ace- 
tate of  potass  exposed  to  the  atmosphere;  and 
consequently  fallen  into  a  state  of  deliquium. — 
Orfila. 

OXYTARTARUS,  Potass^  acetas. 

OXYTES,  Acfdities. 

OXY'TOC'IA.  Same  etymon  as  the  next.  Ra- 
pidity of  parturition. 

OXYTOCIC,  Oxyt'ociiK,  from  ofwf,  'quick,'  and 
TiKTui,  '  I  bring  forth.'  A  medicine  which  pro- 
motes delivery. 

OXYTRIPIIYLLON,  Oxalis  acetosella. 

OXYURE  VERMICULAIRE,  Ascaris  ver- 
micularis. 

OXYURIS  VERMICULARIS,  Ascaris  vermi- 
cularis. 

OYSTER  GREEN,  Ulva  latissima  — o.  Root, 
Tragopngon  —  o.  Shells,  Ostreae  testae  —  ©.Pre- 
pared. Testa  prapparata. 

OZ^'NA,  Coryzn  entnn'ica  seu  purvlen'ta  seu 
nzfpno'na  seu  ulcero'sn  seu  vinilen'tir  seu  malif/'- 
na,  Pyorrhnf'a  nnfri'lin,  Entozie'nn,  Rliini'tia  nlee- 
ro'uri,  Ulcus  nn'rinm  fietens,  from  o^u,  '  I  smell 
of  something.'  (F.)  Ozene,  Piinaisie.  An  affec- 
tion of  the  pituitary  membrane,  which  gives  oc- 
casion to  a  disagreeable  odour  similar  to  that  of 
a  crushed  bed-bug:  hence  the  name  Pnnain,  by 
which  the  French  designate  one  labouring  under 
ozaena.  It  is,  sometimes,  owing  to  caries  of  the 
bones;  but  is,  perhaps,  most  frequently  depend- 
ent upon  syphilitic  ulceration  of  the  pituitary 
membrane,  with  or  without  caries  of  the  bones 
of  the  nose. 

Oz.HNA  Benigna,  Coryza,  chronic. 

OZE,  Breath,  offensive. 

OZEMUN,  Albumen. 

OZENE,  Ozsena, 

OZONE:  same  etymon  as  Ozosna.  The  pow- 
erfully odorous  matter  produced  when  a  current 
of  ordinary  electricity  passes  from  pointed  bodies 
into  the  air. — Sehonbein.  It  is  presumed  to  be 
a  peculiar  modification  of  oxygen  ;  and  its  vary- 
ing quantity  in  the  atmosphere  is  supposed  to 
affect  the  health  of  man. 

Air  containing  ozone  is  said  to  be  oz'onized. 


P. 


See    Abbre- 


P.  A  contraction  of  Pugillus. 

P.  JE.    A  contraction  of  Partes 

(rqnnles.  C         .   ,. 

P.  P.  A    contraction    of  Pnlvis  | 
pntriim.  J 

PAB'ULU.M,  Trophe,  Phnrhe,  Alimen'tum,  Nn- 
l-imen'fiim.  Food,  aliment.  The  animal  heat 
and  animal  spirits — unmeaning  terras — were  for- 
merlv  considered  the  Pabulum  vita. 

PACAY,  Prosopis  dulois. 

PACCHIO'NI.  GLANDS  OF,  Pacchio'nian 
IJiidies.  Olan'dnlm  Dnrce  Matris  seu  dura!  Menin'- 
flii,  Tnber'cnla  parra  seu  Oor'pnra  ijlandifor'mia 
diiriB  matris,  (F.)  Glandes  de  Pacchioni.  Granula- 
tions cSrSbrales.  Small,  whitish,  or  yellowish 
bodies,  sometimes  separate,  at  others  united  like 
a  bunch  of  grapes,  which  arc  observed  in  several 
pnrtsofthe  dura  and  pia  mater.  They  receive 
vvssels,  but  apparently  no  nerves.  Their  texture 
and  uses  are  unknown.  A  considerable  number 
is  observed  in  the  longitudinal  sinus,  covered  by 
the  internal  membrane. 


PACII^'MIA,  Pachytp'mia,  Pacha' ma,  Pa- 
chycB'ma,  from  -a^vs,  '  thick,' and 'ai/ia,  '  blood. 
Too  ereat  thickness  of  the  blood. 

PACIIEABLEPIIARO'SIS.  Pacheabhph'ara, 
Pach  i/ble/ih'aron,  Pachyblepharo'sis,  Pach'ytes, 
from  irax^i,  'thick,'  and  ^\iipapov,  'nn  eyelid.' 
A  name  given,  by  some  authors,  to  a  thickening 
of  the  eyelids,  produced  by  tubercles  or  excres- 
cences formed  on  their  margins.  It  is  the  same 
affection  as  that  which  Sauvages  designates  CV«- 
li'go  d  Pacheablepharo'si. 

PACIIETOS,  see  Laqueus. 

PACIIULOSIS,  Pacbylosis. 

PACIIYiEMIA,  Pachfrmia. 

PACIIYBLEPIIARON,  Pacheablepharosis. 

PACIIYCIIOL'IA,  from  raxv;,  'thick,'  and 
yoXr?,  '  bile.'     Morbid  thickness  of  the  bile. 

PACIIYDERMATOCE'LE,  from  naxvf, 
'thick,'  (".(in'i,  ic  ixaTo^.  'skin.'  and  <c'A'!.  ' -"^  tu- 
mour. A  disease  of  the  dcruioid  tissue,  apparently 
congenital,  wiiich  incrca^e9  from  a  small  mole  or 


PACHYLOSIS 


0  7  0 


r  A I X  T 


ppot.  at  times  to  the  size  and  appearance  of  a  re- 
laxed and  very  eiiKic-iiited  inainiiin. — V.  Mott. 

P ACHY LQ'SlS.Povh, tin' xh.  from  vaxvi,'  thick.' 
An  inordinate  production  of  the  epidermis  depen- 
dent u|)c)n  hypertrophy  of  the  papilUe  of  the  skin. 
—  E.  Wilson. 

PACHYNSTS,  Pidvsarcia  adiposa. 
PACHYNTICA.  Inerassantia. 
PACHYSMUS.  Polysarcia  adiposa. 
PAt'lIYTES,  Pacheablepharosis. 
PACINIAN  CORPUSCLES,  see  Corpuscles. 
^PACKING,    OF    THE    IIYDROPATHISTS; 
f^iii'dHotaf/e. 

PACKWAX,  see  Nucha. 

PAD,  (S.)  Piijiuin,  from  pajn.  'straw'  [?]  ;  Plii- 
mnce'oliiK,  Piilvil'lits,  Piilvin'iilns,  Parviim  pnl- 
vt'nar  ; — a  cushion,  a  little  cushion  ;  a  junk  ;  (F.) 
CoKssinet.  A  small  bag,  filled  with  feathers, 
wool,  hair,  bran,  chaff,  Ac.  It  is  used  to  com- 
press or  support  parts.  In  the  treatment  of  cer- 
tain fractures,  soft  pads  or  cushions,  called  liy 
the  French  Jtemplisimges,  are  placed  between  the 
splints  and  the  fractured  limb,  in  order  that  the 
prominent  parts  may  not  be  chafed  by  the  splints. 

PADDIE,  see  Oryza. 

PADDY,  see  Oryza. 

PADNOON,  Bit  noben. 

PAD'UA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Near 
Padua,  in  Italy,  there  are  several  thermal  sul- 
phureous springs,  the  hottest  of  which  is  18S° 
Fahr.  The  chief  establishments  are  Abano,  Bat- 
taglia.  and  Montegrotto. 

PAD  US,  Prunus  padus  —  p.  Avium,  Prunus 
pailus — p.  Lauro-cerasus,  Prunus  lauro-cerasus. 

P.EDAN'CIIONE,  from  van,  r,ai?i,H,  'a  child,' 
and  ayxu),  'I  strangle;'  Aiit/i'na  Sicca.  Name 
of  a  fatal  species  of  cynanche,  mentioned  by  M. 
A.  Severinus  :  probably  the  Cynnnche  IVachealis, 
or  f^^i/iiiiiirhe  Miilirinri. 

P'eDARTHROCACE.  Spina  ventosa. 

PiEDATROPH'IA,  Atrophia  iii/an'tilis,  Ma- 
ras'iinis  Inctan'tiiim,  from  Traif,  TTai?ioi,  'a  child,' 
a,  privative,  and  Tpo(pri,  'nourishment.'  Atrophy 
of  children.     Tabes  mesenterica. 

P^KDATROPriiA  Glandolosa,  Scrofula. 

PiEDERAS'TIA,  Pcp.doijo'ginm,  Padica'tio, 
CiiKs'dia,  from  Truif,  ir«i^o{,  '  a  boy,'  and  tpws, 
'love.'  The  love  of  boys.  A  disgraceful  passion, 
common  in  ancient  times,  but  now  unknown. 
These  terms  are  likewise  applied  to  the  crime  of 
sodomy. 

P^EDEROTA  VIRGINICA,  Leptandra  vir- 
gin iea. 

P.EDENCEPHA  L  IE,  Hydrocephalus  in- 
ternus. 

PJ5DI'A,  raihcia,  Ediica'tio  iii/aii'tum.  The 
bringing  up  or  education  —  physical  as  well  as 
moral  —  of  cliildren. 

P.EDIATRI'A,  Pmdiat'riea,  Pmdiat'rics,  from 
iratf.  TratSnf,  'a  child,'  and  trtTpeta.  'medical  man- 
agement.'   Treatment  of  the  diseases  of  children.' 

P.EDICATIO,  Pffiderastia. 

P.T.niCTERUS,  Icterus  infantum. 

P.E  D  0  B  A  R  0  M  ACROMETER,  Baromacro- 
nieter. 

P.TIDOGOGTUM,  Piederastia. 

P.EDOMETER,  Baromacrometer. 

PxEDON'OSUS.  from  t-k?,  vadoi,  'a  child/ 
and  I'oo-of.  'disease.'     A  disease  of  childhood. 

P.EUOPIILEBOTOM'IA,  from  ^..15,  Trados,  'a 
child,'  (l,\e\p,  '  a  vein,'  and  rnijitj,  '  incision.'  VencB- 
sfc'tio  pneru'nttn.  Bleeding  performed  on  chil- 
dren. 

P.EDOT'RIBES,  Min'ister  GymnaH'tw,  from 
raij,  T!<n!>oi,  'a  child,' and  rpifiia,  'I  train.'  In 
ancient  gymnastics,  the  officer  acquainted  with 
all  the  prescribed  e.vereises,  and  who  carried 
them  into  effect,  according  to  the  direction  of  the 
superior. 


P.EDOT'ROPllY.    PcFdnlrojih'ia,    (F.)    Pfdo. 
trophin,    from    iruic,    iroK^of,   'a   child,'  and  r/jo0i;, 
'nourishment.'     The  jiart  of  hygiene,  which  con- 
cerns  the  nourishmontof  ciiiiclrcn. 
P.EON.  Physician. 

PiEO'NIA.  /'.  oj/icina'lis  sen  wfiu'citlii  sen  nc- 
morn'lis  soa  fem'ina  seu   loha'ta,  Gli/rin'ide.  Ilrp. 
nin(/o'//iim,   Pe'nny,   or   I'i'nuy,   mule  mid   female, 
(F.')  Piroine,    Piwie,    Ilvrhe    Sinnte-Uone.'    From 
riiiiaji'.   '  the  god   of  jdiysic.'     Tlie  runt,   flrnvors, 
and  seeds  were  long  esteemed  poworfiil  niedicinos. 
They  are  feebly  astringent,  and  hf.ve  ba- n  con- 
sidered to  be  narcotic  and  antispw:ii  )'',!'•      They 
have   been    given,   particularly,  in   i>'<"0'ittt'nts 
and  e[)ile|)sy,  but  are  not  now  u'Jed.     f  j  ,  i'.'jwers 
are  called  Ro!<(p.  hrnedic'tce,  It.  re'f/i /. 
P^EONICE,  Medicine. 
P/EONICUS,  Medical. 
P;R0NTUS,  Medical. 
P^EOSYNE,  Medicine 

PAGAPOPLEX'IA,  from  nayuv,  'to  nail  fast,' 
and  azor\ri^ia,  'apoplexy.'     Apoplexy  from  culd. 
PAGOS,  Peritonaeum. 
PAIDIA.  Infancy. 
PAIDION,  Infans. 
PAKilL,  Primula  veris. 
PAIN,    (old    F.)  painer,   'to   torment;'  Sax. 
pman,  'to  torture.'      Didor,   Algos,   Ah/c'mn,  Al- 
i/e'do,    Alf/e'sis,      Od'i/ne,     Ache,     (Sc.)     llaehne, 
(Prov.)    Crnzy,    Warlr,   (F.)   Donlenr.      A    disa- 
greeable sensation,  which   scarcely  admits  of  de- 
finition.    It    is    generally   symptomatic,   and    is 
called  ncnte,  (F.)  aiijue,  when  very  violent,  as  a 
tirivge  ;  pungent,  (F.)  pougitive,  when   it  resem- 
bles that  which  would    bo   produced   by  a  sharp 
instrument  run  into  the  part:  heary,  (F.)  gravn- 
tive,  when  attended  with  a  sensation  of  weight; 
tensive,  when  the  part  seems  distended:  Inn'eiiia- 
ting,   when   occurring  in   shoots ;    l(ic"eriillng  or 
tearing,  when  the  part  seems  to  he  tearing:  hiiru- 
ing,  (F.)  hriilante,  when  resembling  that  produced 
by  a  burn,  Ac. 

Paix,  Sun,  Heniicrania. 

PAIN,  see  Triticum — p.  d  Coucou,  Oxalis  ace- 
tosella  —  j>-  f'*  Madagascar,  Jatropha  raanihot— 
p.  de  Pourcenu,  Cvclamen. 

PAINS.  AFTER,  see  P.  labour. 
Pain's,    Gnawing,    Dolo'res   rodeu'les.     Pains 
resembling  what  might  be  produced  by  the  gnaw- 
ing of  an  animal. 

Pains,  Labour  pains.  Throes,  Throws,  Partn- 
rien'tis  dolo'res,  Odin,  Odis,  Dido'res  ad  partum, 
Torm'ina  partnrien'tiuiii,  (F.)  jifal  d' Enfant,  Dnw 
leurs.  The  uneasy  sensations  that  accompany 
labour,  and  are  owing  to  uterine  contraction. 
The  pains  that  precede  actual  delivery,  and  are 
simply  employed  in  dilating  the  os  uteri,  are 
called  grinding;  those  which  extrude  the  child, 
forcing.  Those  which  take  place  in  the  first 
days  after  delivery,  and  are  employed  in  forcing 
away  coagula,  Ac,  are  termed  After  pains,  Do- 
lo'res seu  Tormina  post  purfuni,  D.  jJuer^jeru'rum, 
(F.)    Tranch^es  uteri iies. 

''To  take  a  pain,"  —  "To  try  a  pain,"  —  is  to 
make  an  examination  ^)cr  t'l-iiyf'iinjn,  during  labour, 
to  discover  its  progress,  char;ieter,  Ac. 

The  French  term  the  pains,  which  precede  and 
announce  labour,  mouehes ;  those  which  accom- 
pany it,  douleurs  ;  and  those  which  occur  iinine- 
diately  afterwards,  trnnchees  ou  coliques. 

PAINT,  (from  pingere,  pinctum,  'to  paint,' (T.) 
piuto,  (F.)  peint  ;)  Pignun'tuni,  Fueus.  (F.)  Ford. 
A  name  given  to  dilferent  substances,  employed 
for  embellishing  the  complexion  or  rendering  the 
skin  softer.  The  substances  most  commonly  used 
for  this  purpose  are  : — the  Suhnilrate  of  llismuth, 
(F.)  Plane  de  fard.  A  spirituous  solnrion  nf 
benzoin,  precipitated  by  water,  and  forming  1  "'- 
gin's  milk,  (F.)  Lait  virjinal ;  the  red  or  roiiye 


PALAD 


671 


FA  LA  TO- P  HA  R  YX  G  TEX 


or  the  Cflrthiimus  ;  Spmnnh  white  ;  the  oxides  of 
lead,  tin,  and  mercury,  vermilion,  red  saunders, 
Ac  All  paints  may  he  said  tn  be  noxiou?.  They 
injure  tlie  sskin  :  obslruet  perspiration  :  and,  thus, 
frc(|uently  lay  the  foundation  for  cutaneous  affec- 
tions.    See  Cosmetic. 

Paint,  Indian,  Hydrastis  Canadensis,  Sangui- 
naria  Canadensis  —  p.  Yellow,  Hydrastis  Cana- 
densis. 

PALAD,  Vertex. 

PAL.'KSTHA,  Gymnasium. 

PALAIS.  Palate. 

PALAME.  Palm. 

PALATAL,  Palatine. 

PALATE,  I'dlii'tum,  JTijpero'a,  Hi/ppro'iim, 
Vr'viit'fon,  Roof  of  the  month,  Fossa  Pabxti'^n, 
Pdliitiiia  nldh'ilk  Hard  Palate,  (F.)  Palah.  The 
upper  part  of  the  cavity  of  the  mouth  ;  a  kjnd  of 
parnbdlie  vault,  formed  by  the  two  superior  max- 
illary hones,  and  the  two  palate  bones,  covered 
with  a  thick  and  dense  mucous  membrane: 
bounded,  before  and  at  the  sides,  by  the  superior 
(lentiil  arch  ;  and,  behind,  by  the  velum  palati. 
A  whitish  line  runs  aions;  the  middle,  from  be- 
fore to  behind  ;  at  the  anterior  extremity  of  which 
is  a  tubercle  corresponding  to  the  inferior  orifice 
(if  the  anterior  palatine  canaL  The  arteries  of 
the  ))alate  and  corresponding  gums  proceed  from 
the  palatine,  alveolar,  infra-orbitnr,  labial,  and 
buccal  branches.  The  veins  follow  a  similar 
course.  The  nerves  are  given  off  from  the  pal.a- 
tine,  facial,  infra-orbitar,  superior  dental,  and 
from  the  naso-palatine  ganglion. 

Palatk,  Artific"iai.,  (F.)  Ohtvratettr  dn  Pa- 
hii'n.  A  plate  of  tortoise-shell,  silver,  <fee.,  used 
to  close  a  deficiency  of  the  palate. 

Pai.ATK  Bonk,  Oh  Paln'ti  sen  hamla're,  (F.) 
On  Pa/iitiii  ou  dn  Palais,  is  a  small  bone,  of  an 
irregular  shape,  situate  at  the  posterior  part  of 
the  nasal  fossitj  and  palate.  It  seems  formed  by 
the  union  of  two  bony  plates  joined  at  right  an- 
gles to  each  other;  so  that  one  is  inferior  and 
h'irizoiilaf ;  —  the  other,  superior  and  vertical. 
The  horizontal  or  palatine  portion,  Arch  of  the 
palate,  is  quadrilateral.  Its  upper  surface  forms 
jiiirt  of  the  nasal  fossfe ;  the  lower  forms  part  of 
the  palatine  arch,  and  contains  the  inferior  orifice 
of  the  posterior  palatine  canal.  Its  anterior  edge 
is  articulated  with  the  palatinp  process  of  the 
superior  maxillary  bone ;  the  posterior  is  free 
and  sharp.  It  gives  attachment  to  the  velum 
palati,  and  presents  an  eminence,  which,  when 
joined  with  one  on  the  opposite  side,  forms  the 
posterior  nasal  spine.  Its  inner  edge  is  articu- 
lated with  the  corresponding  bone;  its  outer  is 
confounded  with  the  vertical  portion.  The  ver- 
Ileal  or  ascending  portion  has  the  form  of  a  long 
S(liiare.  The  inner  surface  forms  part  of  the 
outer  paries  of  the  nasal  fossiB.  Its  outer  sur- 
face is  unequal,  and  is  articulated  with  the  supe- 
rior maxillary  hone:  behind,  it  presents  a  verti- 
cal groove,  which  forms  part  of  the  posterior 
li:ila(ine  canal:  and,  above,  a  small  free  surface, 
which  looks  into  the  zygomatic  fossa.  Its  ante- 
rior edge  is  united  with  the  superior  maxillary 
bone;  the  posterior  is  unequal,  and  rests  on  the 
infernal  abi  of  the  pterygoid  process.  The  angle, 
which  it  forms  by  uniting  with  the  posterior  edge 
"t  the  hori7.(mtal  portion,  presents  a  very  promi- 
nent pyramidal  eminence,  called  the  tnherositi/  of 
the  palate  hone.  Its  upper  margin  is  surmounted 
bv  two  eminences; — the  one,  anterior,  called  the 
orhitar  process  ;  —  the  other  posterior,  the  sphe- 
noid process.  These  two  processes  are  separated  [ 
hy  an  almost  circular  notch,  which  the  sphenoid  I 
bone  forms  into  a  foramen,  called  the  spheno- 
palatine. 

This  bone  appears  to  be  developed  from  a  sin- 
gle point  of  ossification.     It  is  articulated  with 


the  sphenoid,  ethmoid,  the  cornua  sphenoidalia, 
superior  maxillary  bone,  the  inferior  spongy  bono, 
the  vomer,  and  its  fellow. 

Pai-ate,  Cr,KFT,  see  Harelip — p.  Falling  down 
of  the,  Uvulitis  —  p.  Fissured,  see  Harelit>  —  p. 
Hard,  Palate — p.  Soft,  Velum  pendulum  pa'ati. 

PAL'ATINE,  Pal'ataJ,  Palati'nvs,  Pal'alic, 
from  ^joi'w/H/H,  'the  palate.'  Relating  or  bel  iig- 
ing  to  the  palate. 

Palatine  or  Palatal  Arteries  are  two  in 
number.  They  are  distinguished  into,  L  The 
superior  palatal  or  jvilaiine.  Pulali'ua  deseen'- 
de)is  or  P xl'ato-ma.r'iUary,  which  leaves  the  in- 
ternal maxillary  behind  the  top  of  the  orbit;  de- 
scends into  the  pterygo-inaxillary  fissure,  and 
enters  the  posterior  maxillary  canal.  Its  branches 
are  distributed  to  the  velum  palati  and  the  nasal 
fossjB.  2.  The  inferior  or  ascendincj  palatine  or 
palatal,  which  is  very  small,  and  separates  from 
the  facial  near  its  origin.  It  jiasses  along  the 
lateral  and  superior  part  of  the  jiharynx,  between 
the  pillars  of  the  velum  palati,  and  divides  into 
a  number  of  raniusculi,  which  are  distributed  to 
the  pharynx,  tlie  corresponding  tonsil,  the  Eus- 
tachian tube,  and  the  velum  palati. 

Palatine  Canals  or  Ducts.  These  are  two 
in  number.  The  anterior.  Ductus  iucisi'vus  seu 
Nasa'lo-paltiti'nus,  Inci'sive  canal,  is  situate  at 
the  anterior  part  of  the  palatine  arch,  and  is 
formed  by  the  two  superior  maxillary  bones.  It 
is  single  beneath,  but  opens  above  by  two  aper- 
tures, one  into  each  nasal  fossa.  The  foramen  is 
called  Fora'mcn  incisi'vnm  seu  Palati'nnm  aute'- 
rius  seu  Alceola're  ante'rius  seu  ccBCUin  ossis 
inaxilla'ris  superio'ris.  The  posterior  palatine 
canal  is  situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  palate. 
It  is  formed  by  the  palate  and  superior  maxillary 
bones,  ascends  between  these  two  bones,  and,  in 
its  course,  gives  rise  to  two  or  three  small  acces- 
sory palatine  canals,  which  open  above  the  tuber- 
osity of  the  palate  bone.  It  transmits  the  nerves 
and  vessels  which  bear  its  name.  The  foramen 
is  called,  F.  Palati'nnm  poste'rius  seu  Palaio- 
nia.rilla're  seu  alveola're  poste'rius. 

Palatine  Membieank  is  the  fibro-mueous  mem- 
brane that  lines  the  palate  or  roof  of  the  mouth. 

Palatine  or  Palatal  Nerves,  Gnttnro-pala- 
tins  (Ch.),  are  three  in  number;  and  arise  from 
the  inferior  part  of  the  spheno-palatine  ganglion. 
1.  The  great  palatine,  Palatin  iuferieur  (Ch.), 
is  situate  anteriorly  to  the  two  others,  and  de- 
scends into  the  posterior  palatine  canal;  gives  a 
nasal  filament  and  a  staphyli)ie  filament,  and  is 
distributed  cm  the  palate.  2.  The  middle  pala- 
tine. Guttural  (Ch.),  which  arises  behind  the  pre- 
ceding, enters  one  of  the  accessory  palatine  ca- 
nals, and  is  distributed  to  the  tonsils  and  velum 
palati.  .S.  The  little  palatine  nerve,  situate  Still 
more  backward  than  the  last,  which  loses  itself 
by  several  filaments  in  the  uvula,  tonsils,  and  fol- 
licles of  the  pialatine  membrane. 

PALATJTE,  Isthmitis. 

PALATITIS,  Uranisconitis. 

PALATO-GLOSSUS,  Glossostaphylinns. 

VM,M:0-Vll\V,\"S(h^V?.,Pharyn'go-staphy. 
li'nus,  Staj)hyli'no-phari/nf/ens,  Thyro-pharyu'e/o- 
staphyli'niis,  part  of  the  Ilypcro-pharymjens,  (F. ) 
Palato-pharyngien,  Stylo-pharyngien  (Ch.).  A 
membranous  muscle,  broader  at  its  middle  than 
at  its  extremities,  and  situate  vertically  in  the 
lateral  paries  of  the  pharynx  and  velum  palati. 
It  includes  the  peristni»hylo-pharyngeus,  pha- 
ryngo-staphylinus,  and  thyro -staphylinus  of 
Winslow.  When  the  two  palato-pharyngei  con- 
tract together,  they  depress  the  velum.  They 
elevate  and  shorten  the  pharynx,  and  act  princi- 
pall3'  in  dei^lutition. 

PALA  rO-PlIAR  YNGIEX,     Palato-pharyn- 


PALATOSTAPIIYLINI 


PALMAR 


peus  —  p.  Siilpingcu?,  Circuiuflexus — p.  Suljjin- 
ijien,  Circiiinflexus. 

PALATOSTAPIIYLINr,  see  Azygos  muscle. 

PALATUM  FISSUM,  Ilyperoochasinn,  see 
Harelip — p.  Mobile,  Velum  pendulum  palnti — p. 
Molle,  Vehun  pendulum  palati  —  p.  Pendulum, 
Velum  pendulum  palati. 

PALE,  Pollen. 

PALENESS,  Pallor,  Och'rotes,  Ochro'ma, 
Ochri'asis,  Lenco'sis,  Denlha'tio,  Luror,  (F.) 
Pdleur.  Whiteness  of  complexion.  It  appears 
to  be  owing  to  a  diminution  or  alteration  of  the 
blood  circulating  in  the  capillary  vessels,  and  is 
often  a  sign  of  disease. 

PALES  COULEURS,  Chlorosis. 

PALETTE  (F.),  Pal'mxda,  Fer'ula.  An  in- 
strument of  percussion.  It  has  the  shape  of  a 
spatula  with  a  long  handle  ;  is  made  af  very  light, 
white  wood,  and  has  been  proposed,  by  Mr.  Percy, 
for  what  is  called  the  Jfanaiu/e,  a  kind  of  pressure 
or  kneading,  exerted  by  the  hand  on  the  body 
and  limbs,  to  excite  the  tone  of  the  skin  and  sub- 
jacent tissues. 

Pn/efte  also  means  a  cup  for  bleeding;  and  the 
xiphoid  cartilage  [?]. 

PALETTE  A  PANSEMENT.  A  small  splint 
of  thin,  scooped  wood,  having  the  shape  of  the 
band,  and  used  to  support  the  hand  in  certain 
cases — when  burnt,  for  example — in  order  to  pre- 
vent the  Angers  from  being  deformed  by  the  cica- 
trices. 

PALETTE  DE  CADANIS.  An  instrument, 
invented  by  Cabanis  of  Geneva  to  draw  out  the 
extremity  of -the  stylet  when  passed  into  the  nose, 
in  the  operation  for  fistula  lacrymalis.  It  is 
composed  of  two  plates  of  silver,  pierced  with 
sever.al  holes,  and  movable  on  each  other.  To 
use  it,  the  instrument  must  be  carried  into  the 
nose,  so  that  the  holes  of  the  two  plates  corres- 
pond. When  the  end  of  the  stylet  is  received 
into  one  of  these  holes,  it  is  pinched,  by  sliding 
one  of  the  plates  on  the  other,  and  is  easily  with- 
drawn. 

PALEUn,  Paleness. 

PALI  PLAGUE,  see  Plague. 

PALICOU'REA  CROC'EA,  Pxycho'tria 
croc"ea,  Order,  Cinchonaceas,  a  native  of  the 
West  Indies,  is  possessed,  according  to  Von  Mar- 
tins, of  emetic  properties. 

Palicouuea  Marcghaa'vii,  Emn  do  rato,  Oal- 
vn'nia  VeUoaii,  a  native  of  Brazil,  is  poisonous, 
and  employed  there  to  kill  rats  and  mice. 

PALirouuEA  Officina'lis,  a  native  of  Brazil, 
is  reputed  to  be  a  powerful  diuretic  in  small 
doses. 

PALlcoirnEA  Specio'sA,  GoIdsJinib,  a  native  of 
New  Granada  and  Brazil.  The  leaves  are  consi- 
dered to  be  antisyphilitic.  The  decoction  in  large 
doses  is  poisonous. 

PALILlO,  Campomanesia  lineatifolia. 

P.\LIMPI.'^SA,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

PALINCOTESIS.  Recrudesoentia. 

PALINDROMK,  Palindromia. 

PALINDROM'IA,  Palln'drome,  from  toXiv, 
'again,'  and  ipojioi,  'a  course.'  This  word  signi- 
fies, with  some,  a  reflux  of  fluids  from  the  exte- 
rior towards  the  interior  ;  and,  according  to  others, 
the  relapse  of  an  affection — the  recurrence — A'e- 
ciir'aio,  Repetit"io — of  a  paroxysm,  or  disease, — 
Jforbus  recidi'vns,  jlforhi  reciir'suH. 

PALINGENESIS,  Regeneration. 

PALL  A,  Pila. 

PALLAT.  Vertex. 

PALLIA'TION,  PalHa'tio,  from  pnllinre,  pal- 
liiitiim,  'to  cover,  mask  ;'  from  pa/lhim,  'a,  man- 
tle.' The  act  of  palliating  —  that  is.  of  causing 
the  symptoms  of  a  disease  to  mitigate,  without 


curing  it.  The  medical  art  can  frequently  only 
moderate  the  symptoms  of  a  disease,  prevent  it 
from  making  progress,  prolong  tlie  days  of  the 
patient,  and  diminish  his  sufferings.  This  id 
pril/hitire  Irenlmeut,  (F.)   Trnitenuiit  pnUiiilif. 

l'AJi'hlA'Vl\K,/'(d/lnti'nin,Aiitip(tlh'lcj:,,nn- 
tiopnth'ic,  (F.)  Pidliatif.     A  remedy  or  nio.le  of 
treatment,  which  only  relieves  a  disease,  without 
curing  it.     The  p<dli<il!i:e  treatment— Cica  ;„./. 
Unti'va,   is  placed   in   antithesis  to  the  radical, 
Ciu-n  radira'lis  ;  see  Radical. 
PALLIDULIiS,  nh,f,t,-d. 
PALLIDUS  MORBUS,  Chlorosis. 
PALLOR,  Paleness  — p.  Virginum,  Chlorosis. 
PAL.M,  Palma,  naXaiin,  Voln,  V.  nmiiiiH,  I'lnle'n, 
Thenar,   At/en,   A<jo»'tn»,   Pnc'uliim,   Pat'ern,  Sii. 
peUcx    sen    Siipel/ec'tile    Dior/"e)n'ii,  (P.)   Piiiime 
ou  Crenx  de  la  yiiain.     The  hollow  or  inside  of 
the  hand.     It  is  limited,  without,  by  the  thenar 
eminence,  which  answers  to  the  thumb;  within, 
by  the  hypothenar  eminence,  which  answers  to 
the  little  finger;  above,  by  the  wrist-joint;  and, 
beloic,  by  the  four  fingers. 
Pai.m,  Gosiuto,  see  Toddy. 
PALMA    CHRISTI,    Ricinus   communis  — p. 
Cocos,  Cocos  nucifera — p.  Dactylifera,  Date  tree 
— p.  Humilis,  Musa  paradisiaca — p.  Indicii  vina- 
ria  secunda,  see  Toddy — p.  Unguentarioruui,  My- 
rohalanns. 

PALM^.  U'TERI  PLICA'T^,  Arbor  viia 
nteri'nun,  A.  u'teri  viv' ifieano.  The  arborescent 
striae  in  the  interior  of  the  cervix  uteri. 

PALMAIKE,  Palmar—;).  Cntane,  Palmaris 
brevis — p.  Grand,  Palmaris  magnus — p.  Grile, 
Palmaris  longus— />.  Long,  Palmaris  longus. 

PALMAR,  Palma'ris,  (F.)  Pnlmaire,  from 
palma,  'the  palm  of  the  hand.'  That  which 
concerns  the  palm  of  the  hand.  The  palm  has, 
sometimes,  been  divided  into  three  regions,  called 
palmar.  1.  The  external  palmar  region  corres- 
ponds  to  the  thenar  eminence.  2.  The  internal 
palmar  region  is  formed  by  the  hypothennr  emi- 
nence :  and,  3.  The  middle  palmar  region  is  the 
hollow  of  the  hand,  (F.)  Crenx  de  la  main. 

Palmar  Aponeuro'sis,  Palmar  fan'eia.  A 
strong  triangular  aponeurosis,  which  arises  from 
the  inferior  tendon  of  the  palmaris  brevis,  and 
the  anterior  annular  ligament  of  the  carpus.  It 
covers  the  whole  palm  of  the  hand,  and  adheres, 
somewhat  strongly,  to  the  skin  of  the  part.  The 
palmar  ligaments  are  small,  very  nuincrous, 
fibrous  fasciae,  which  unite  the  different  bones  of 
the  carpus  and  metacarpus. 

Palmar  Arches,  (P.)  Arcades  ou  Crosses  pal- 
maires.  The  curved  extremities  of  the  radial  and 
cubital  arteries  in  the  palm  of  the  hand.  There 
are  two  palmar  arches  :  —  the  one,  cubital  or  ««- 
fierjicial, — yrande  Arcade  palmaire  of  Chaussier, 
furnishes,  at  its  convexity  towards  the  fingers, 
the  collateral  arteries  of  the  fingers,  and  the  in- 
ternal collateral  of  the  thumb ;  the  other,  the 
radial,  profound,  or  deep-seated, — petite  Arcade 
palmaire  of  Chaussier,  is  deep  in  the  palm  of  the 
hand  beneath  the  tendons  of  the  flexor  Tnnscles 
of  the  fingers.  It  gives  some  small  branches 
only  to  the  surrounding  parts.  The  palmar  veins 
accompany  the  corresponding  arteries. 

Palmar  Arteries,  see  Palmar  arches  —  p. 
Fascia,  P.  aponeurosis. 

Palmar  Mi'sclrs.  These  are  three  in  num- 
ber. 1.  Palma' ris  Magnus,  Flexor  carpi  radia'lif, 
Radia'lie  intern'us,  (F.)  Epitrochlo-metacnrpien 
(Ch.),  Palmaire  grand.  Radial  antirienr.  A  long 
fusiform  muscle,  which  passes  obliquely  from  the 
inner  tuberosity  of  the  humerus  to  the  upper  e%- 
trcmity  of  the  second  metacarpal  bone.  It  bends 
the  hand.  2.  Palmaris  longus,  Latescen'tis  chorda, 
Ulna'ris   grac"ilia,    (F.)    £pilrochlo- carpi -pal- 


PALMARIS   BREVIS 


0  73 


PAMPINIFORM   PLEXUS 


tnnlre  (Ch.),  Palmnu-e  lonrj,  P.  rfrtle.  This  muscle 
jii  situate  on  the  inner  wiile  of  the  last.  It  is  very 
Blender,  nnd  passes  from  tlie  inner  tuherr)sity  of 
the  humerus  to  the  anterior  annular  lijrament  of 
the  car|)us,  and  to  the  yiahnar  aponeurosis,  which 
it  seems  to  form  by  the  vanishing  of  its  fibres.  It 
stretches  the  palmar  aponeurosis,  and  bends  the 
hand.  3.  FuliiKtriH  Jirevis,  Caro  qiitiilra't<t,  C<ir- 
ni'«'"»,  (F-)  J'(tlmiiii-e  ciitaiie.  A  small,  thin, 
([uadrilaleral  muscle;  situate  before  the  thenar 
eminence.  It  passes  from  the  annular  ligament 
of  the  carpus  to  the  integuments  of  the  palm  of 
the  hand,  which  it  wrinkles  by  its  contraction. 

Palmar  Vkins,  see  Palmar  arches. 

PALMARIS  BREVIS,  see  Palmar  muscles  — 
p.  Longus,  see  Palmar  muscles  —  p.  Magnus,  see 
Pahniir  muscles. 

PALMETTO,  SAW,  Chamaerops  serratula. 

PALMl-PUALAXGIENS,  Lumbricales  ma- 

DUS. 

PALMISTRY,  Chiromancy. 

PALMOSCOP'IA,  from  TraXyos,  'palpitation,' 
and  (Tifofftd),  'I  view.'  Investigation  of  the  beat- 
ing of  the  heart  and  pulse.  Prognosis  from  the 
beating  of  the  heart  and  pulse. 

PALMULA,  Date,  Palette. 

PALMUS,  Palpitation — p.  Cordis,  Palpitation 
—  p.  Plumbarius,  Colic,  metallic  —  p.  Vomitus, 
Vomiting. 

PALO  PE  CALENTURAS,  Calenturas— p.  de 
Vacca,  (ialactodendron  utile  —  p.  de  Velas,  Par- 
mentiera  cerifera. 

PALOMMIER,  Oaultheria. 

PALOS  DE  CALENTUKA,  Cinchona. 

PALPA'TION,  from  palpnre,  palpatnm,  (F.) 
pnlpcr,  'to  feel.'  The  sense  of  touch.  It  is  also 
used  for  the  mode  of  exploring  diseases  by  feeling 
or  pressing  upon  the  diseased  organ.  A  delicate 
and  discriminating  touch  —  tnctns  erudi'tiin  —  is 
important  in  the  diagnoses  of  many  morbid  con- 
ditions. 

PAL'PEBRA,  supposed  to  be  from  pnfpitire, 
'to  piilpitate,' owing  to  its  frequent  motion.  [?] 
IUcph'«rmi,  Oper'ruhim  seu  Cooper' ciihini  nc'iili, 
Eyelid,  (Prov.)  Eye-hreek,  (Sc.)  Ee-winke>;  (F.) 
Paupiire.  The  eyelids  are  two  movable  vela, 
situate  in  front  of  the  eye;  which  by  their  sepa- 
ration permit  the  organ  to  receive  the  impression 
of  light,  or  by  their  greater  or  less  occlusion  pro- 
tect it  from  the  influence  of  too  great  light,  or 
from  the  action  of  extraneous  bodies.  They  are 
separated,  above,  from  the  forehead,  by  the  eye- 
brows; and,  below,  are  confounded  with  the 
cheeks.  They  are  distinguished  into  upper,  Pa/- 
pebra  major  seu  miperior,  Epicie'lli  —  and  lower, 
Palpebrti  minor  seu  inferior,  //i/poc<t''liii,  /fi/pn- 
ca'liim,  Hypoc'i/liiw.  The  former  is  much  broader 
and  more  movable  than  the  latter.  They  are 
separated  by  a  transverse  cleft —  Fissn'ra  pnlpe- 
hra'rnm — and  their  edges  are  thick,  and  furnished 
with  the  cilia  or  eyelashes.  Supported  by  the 
tarsal  cartilages,  they  unite  at  the  extremities  of 
the  transverse  diameter  of  the  orbit,  forming  two 
angles,  the  innermost  being  called  the  greater 
anijie  of  the  exje,  or  inner  or  //renter  c'lnllnm  ;  the 
other,  the  lesser,  or  ejrternal  nmjle  or  ennthtm. 
They  are  formed,  1.  Of  a  thin  dermoid  texture  : 
2.  Of  a  muscular  membrane,  —  a  portion  of  the 
orbicularis:  3.  Of  a  particular  fibrous  membrane: 
4.  Of  the  tarsi:  5.  Of  a  mucous  membrane,  —  a 
part  of  the  tunica  conjunctiva. 

Their  vessels  and  nerves  are  called  Palpebral. 

Pali'kbiu  Inpriuoh  ExTRonsiiM  Fi.EXA,  Ec- 
tropion— p.  Tertia,  Valvula  semilunaris. 

PALPERR.E  SUPERIORIS  PRIMUS,  Le- 
vator piilpebriv  superioris. 

PAL'PEHRAL,    Palprhrn'lls,   from  pnlpebra, 
'the  evelid.'     That  which  belongs  or  relates  to 
tbeoyclid. 
43 


PALPEBnAL  Arteries  are  those  distributed  to 
the  eyelids.  They  are  two  in  number  ;  an  npper 
and  a  lower.  The  former  arises  from  the  oph- 
thalmic, a  little  beyond  the  cartilaginous  pulley 
of  the  greater  obliciue  muscle,  and  descends  to- 
wards the  upper  eyelid,  over  which  it  is  distri- 
buted. The  hitter  arises  at  the  side  of,  and  a 
little  behind,  the  preceding,  and  sends  its  raiiii- 
fications  to  the  lower  eyelid  and  the  neighbourii'g 
parts.  The  palpebral  veins  have  a  similar  ar- 
rangement; except  that  some  of  them  open  into 
the  temporal  and  labial  veins. 

Palpebral  Flux,  Puriform.  A  puriforra 
discharge,  furnished  by  the  glands  of  Meibomi- 
us,  when  inflamed  ;  and  to  which  Scarpa  attri- 
butes fistula  lacrymalis,  in  many  cases. 

Palpebral  Lioaments  are  distinguished  into 
xnpcrior  and  inferior.  Some  anatomists,  with 
Winslow,  have  described,  under  this  name,  the 
fibrous  layer  which  is  attached,  —  on  the  one 
hand,  to  the  outer  part  of  the  circumference  of 
the  orbit;  on  the  other,  to  the  tarsal  cartilages. 

Palpebral  Nerves,  Nerrea  of  the  ej/eliiln, 
arise,  particularly,  from  the  frontal  and  lachry- 
mal branches;  from  the  ophthalmic  nerve  of 
Willis;  and  from  the  facial,  nasal,  and  infra-or- 
bitar  branch  of  the  superior  maxillarv  nerve. 

PALPKlUlALrS,  Orbicularis  j.alpebrnrum. 

PALPEBRARUM  APERIENS  RECTUS, 
Levator  palpebrae  superioris  —  p.  Duo  musculi, 
Orbiculares  palpebrarum. 

PALPERRATIO.  Nictation. 

PALPITATIO,  Palpitation  — p.  Arterinrum, 
see  Palpitation  —  p.  Cordis  trepidans,  Cardio- 
tromus. 

Palpitatio  Membrc'riim.  a  term  used  by 
Gaubius  for  involuntary  shaking  of  the  legs. 

PALPITA'TION.  Polpita'tio,  Pahnux,  P.  seu 
Tremor  Cordix,  Pti/pita'tio  seu  Pnha'tio  Cordin, 
Vihrd'tio  Cardi'iica  seu  Cordin,  Cardior/mna,  Cor- 
diopal'mita,  Snhatd'tio,  Clonus  Ptilpito'tio,  (Sc.) 
Dnnt,  Donnt,  (F.)  Palpitation,  P.  dn  Cienr,  from 
palpitare,  polpilatnnt,  '  to  throb.'  A  name  given 
to  the  pulsations  of  the  heart,  when  they  become 
stronger,  more  extensive,  or  more  sensible  to  the 
individual  than  ordinarily.  Palpitations  occur  in 
a  number  of  afl'ections.  They  are,  sometimes, 
owing  to  organic  diseases  of  the  heart — hypertro- 
phy, inflammation,  &c.;  at  others,  to  a  disease 
in  some  other  viseus  ;  whilst,  frequently,  they 
are  merely  nervous. 

Palpitation  is  sometimes  felt  in  the  arteries, 
constituting  Palpitatio  Arterio'an. 

PALPITATION  DU  CCEUR,  Palpitation. 

PALSIED,  Paralvtic. 

PALSY,  Paralysis— p.  Bell's,  Paralysis,  Bell's 
—  p.  Histrionic,  Paralysis,  Bell's. 

Palsy,  IjKAD,  Paml't/ais  saturni'nn  seu  metal' 
lira,  Mohjhdopa'reaia,  (F.)  Pnraljjaie  saturnine, 
Metal'lic  Pahi/,  Painters'  Palxff.  The  paralysis 
of  the  upper  extremities  especially,  induced  by 
the  poison  of  lead.  Palsy  of  the  intestines,  thus 
induced,  is  called,  by  Piorry,  Anenteronervie 
saturnine. 

Palsv,  JIetallic.  see  Palsy,  lead  —  p.  Paint 
ers',  P.  lead — p.  Shaking,  Paralysis  agitans  —  p. 
Trembling.  Paralysis  agitans. 

Palsy  Wort,  Primula  veris. 

PALTA.  Persea  gatissima. 

PALUDAL,  Elodes. 

PALUDAPIUM,  Apiura  graveolens. 

PALVDEEN,  Elodes. 

PALUDOSUS.  Elodes. 

P.ALUS,  Marsh.  Penis — p.  Sanctus,  Guaiacum. 

PA  LUSTRE,  Elodes. 

PAMHIOMA.  Panbioma. 

PAMOrSOX,  Svncope. 

PAMPINIFORM  PLEXUS,  Corpus  pampini- 
forme. 


PAMPINIFORME   CORPUS        G74 


PANDEMIC 


PAMPINIFORME  CORPUS,  see  Corpus  pam-  | 
pinit'onne.  i 

PAMPLE'GIA,  Panplegia,  from  -av,  'all,' 
and  7:A;)yu,  'I  strike.'  General  paralysis.  Palsy 
of  the  whole  body. 

PANACE'A,  jrava/cfia,  Cathol'icofi,  Cathol'kum, 
from  TTui/,  'all,'  and  aKtonai,  'I  cure.'  Universa'le 
leme'diiim,  Panchres'tos.  A  pretended  universal 
remedy.     There  is  no  such  thing  in  existence. 

Panacea  Ducis  Holsati.e,  PotassiV)  sulphas 
—  p.  Duplicata,  Potassse  sulphas  —  p.  Liipsorum, 
Arnica  montana  —  p.  Merourialis,  Hydrargyri 
submurias  —  p.  Mercurii  rubri,  Hydrargyri  ni- 
triuo-oxidum — p.  Pectoris,  Glechoma  hederacea 
— p.  Vegetabilis,  Crocus. 

PAN  A  CEE  ANGLAISE,  Magnesioe  carbonas. 

PANA'DA,  diminutive  of  Ital.  pnne,  'bread,' 

(Lat.  pnnis,)  Paiia'ta,  Panntel'la.     Bread,  boiled 

in  water  to  the  consistence  of  pap.     Sometimes 

administered  to  the  sick. 

Simple  Bread  Panada  may  be  made  by  put- 
ting any  quantity  of  grated  stale  hrend  into 
enough  water  to  form  a  moderately  thick  pulp ; 
covering  it  up,  and  leaving  it  to  soak  for  an 
hour;  then  beating  it  up  with  two  tablespoonfuls 
of  iiiilk,  and  a  small  portion  of  refined  siicjnr,  and 
boiling  the  whole  for  ten  minutes,  stirring  all  the 
lime. 

PANAIS,  Pastinaca  sativa. 
PANARIS.  Paronychia. 
PANARITIUM,  Paronychia. 
PANARIUM,  Paronychia. 
PANATA.  Panada. 
PANATELLA,  Panada. 

PANAX,  see  Panax  quinquefolium — p.  Costi- 
rura,  Pastinaca  opoponax — p.  Heracleum,  Pasti- 
naca opoponax  —  p.  Pastinacea,  Pastinaca  opo- 
ponax. 

Panax  Quinquefo'lium,  Anreh'n'va  seu  Ara'- 
liit  Cnnnden'siH,  Ginsenij,  Ninninc),  Geimniif/,  Red- 
berry,  Five  fingers.  Same  etymon  as  Panacea. 
F<imihj,  Araliaceae.  Sex.  Si/nt.  Polyandria  Mo- 
iicecia.  This  plant  grows  in  North  America. 
The  root — Panax  (Ph.  U.  S.) — Radix  ginseng — is 
about  the  thickness  of  the  little  finger;  an  inch 
or  two  in  length, often  dividing  into  two  branches; 
of  a  whitish-yellow  colour  ;  wrinkled  on  the  sur- 
face, and  of  a  compact,  almost  horny,  texture. 
It  has  no  smell,  but  a  very  sweet  taste,  combined 
with  a  slight  degree  of  aromatic  bitterness.  It 
is  much  esteemed  by  the  Chinese,  who  pay  a 
high  price  for  it.  It  is  a  gentle  and  agreeable 
stimulant. 

Panax  Schinseng,  Asiat'ic  Ginneng,  a  native 
of  Asia,  has  been  usually  confounded  with  the 
last.     The  root,  radix  ninsi,  has  like  virtues. 

PANBIO'MA,  Pambiu'ma,  from  nav,  'all,'  and 
liioi,  '  life.'  The  original  animating  principle. 
The  general  principle  of  life. 
PANCHRESTOS,  Panacea. 
PAXCHYMAGO'GUM,  Panfago'gon,  from  irav, 
'all,'  xvijai,  'juice,'  and  ayw,  '  I  drive  away.'  A 
medicine  which  the  ancients  believed  capable  of 
purging  away  all  sorts  of  humours. 

Panchyjiagogum  Mineuale,  Hydrargyri  sub- 
murias. 

PANCCENOSUS,  Pandemic. 
PANC(ENUS  (MORBUS),  Pandemic. 
PANCRATIUM,  Pancreas. 
PAN'CREAS.  from  ttuv,  'all,'  and  Kpcn;,  'flesh  ;' 
i.   e.    'quite    fleshy.'       Cnllic'rens,    Panern'tinm, 
Pnu'creum,    T^actes,   Pidvi'nnr  ventri'cnii,    Tntnm 
cnrno'snm,  Glund'ida  salira'lis  ahdom'iuls,  Paii- 
cre'ne,   Sweetbread.     A    gland,   deeply  seated    in 
the  abdomen,  and  lying  transversely  on  the  ver- 
tebral column,  between  the  three  curvatures  of 
the  duodenum,  behind  the  stomach,  and  to  the 
right  of  the  spleen.     Its  left  extremity  is  called 
tbfi  tail  of  the  pancreas;  it  is  smaller  than  the 


right,  which  is  called  the  head.  At  its  right  por- 
tion, it  has,  almost  always,  a  greater  or  less  pro- 
longation ;  called,  bv  Winslow,  and  some  others, 
the  lesser  pirncreas,  (F.)  Petit  /lanercas,  Paiarins 
of  Aselli,  Pancreas  viinns.  The  ])ai.creas  rcsoni- 
blcs  the  salivary  glands  in  structure,  and  lias 
been  called  the  Ahduminal  Salivary  Gland.  It  is 
composed  of  lobes  and  granulated  lobules,  dis- 
tinct, and  united  by  areolar  tissue.  From  each 
of  the  granulations  of  these  lobes  arise  the  radi- 
cles of  its  excretory  duct,  which  are  very  delicate, 
and  united  like  veins.  The  duct  itself,  Dm-tut 
Pancreat'icHS  seu  Wirsnngia'mis,  J'aiirreal'ic 
duet,  Canal  or  Dnrt  of  Wirsnngor  WirsnngK,  (F.) 
Oanal  pancreatifjiic,  proceeds  in  a  serpentine 
course  through  the  substance  of  the  organ;  and 
when  it  has  reached  behind  the  second  portion 
of  the  duodenum,  it  becomes  free,  and  is  of  the 
size  of  a  crow's  quill.  It  opens  at  an  acute  angle 
into  the  choledooh  duct,  or  proceeds  close  to  it, 
opening  separately  into  the  duodenum.  The 
Pancreatic  arteries  are  very  numerous  aud  small. 
They  proceed  from  the  coeliae,  splenic,  superior 
mesenteric,  right  gastro-epiploic,  coronaria  ven- 
triculi,  and  left  capsular.  Its  veins  open  into 
the  radicles  of  the  vena  porta  ;  and,  particularly, 
into  the  splenic  and  lesser  mesenteric.  Its  nrrres 
emanate  from  the  solar  plexus,  and  its  lympha- 
tics pass  into  ganglions,  to  which  it  gives  its 
name.  The  pancreas  secretes  the  Pancreatic 
juice,  Snccus  seu  Liquor  Pancreat'icus,  Li/mpha 
Pancrea'tis,  {¥.)  Sue  panereotiqne,  which  re- 
sembles the  saliva.  When  this  juice  is  mixed 
with  amylaceous  matters,  it  converts  them  into 
dextrin  and  glucose.  Its  great  use  appears,  how- 
ever, to  be,  to  emulsify  fatty  matters  Ijy  virtue  of 
a  peculiar  albuminoid  principle  —  pancrealin  — 
coagulable  by  heat  or  alcohol, which  it  contains. 
Pancreas  op  Aselli,  see  Pancreas  —  p.  Mi- 
nus, see  Pancreas — p.  Petit,  see  Pancreas  —  p. 
Second,  Brunncr's  glands. 

PANCREATAL'GIA,  from  pancreas,  and 
aXyoj,  '  pain.'     Pain  or  disease  of  the  pancreas. 

PANCRBATEMPHRAX'IS,  from  pancreas, 
and  ciKppaaaw,  'I  obstruct.'  Obstruction  of  the 
pancreas. 

PANCREAT'IC,  Pancreat'icus,  (F.l  Puncren- 
fique.  Same  et3'mon  as  Pancreas.  Relating  to 
or  affecting  the  pancreas. 

Pancreatic  Arteries,  see  Pancreas— p.  Duct, 
see  Pancreas — p.  Juice,  see  Pancreas — p.  Nerves, 
see  Pancreas  —  p.  Veins,  see  Pancreas. 

Pancreat'ic  Sarco'ma  of  Ae'ernethy,  Em- 
phy'ma  sarco'ma  panereat'icnm.  A  tumour,  in 
irregular  masses,  connected  by  loose  fibrous  sub- 
stance, like  the  irregular  masses  of  the  pancreas. 
Found  in  the  areolar  substance:  but,  more  usu- 
ally, in  lymphatic  glands,  chiefly  in  the  female 
breast. 

PANCREATIN,  see  Pancreas. 
PANCREATI'TIS,  Inflammatio  pancrea'tis, 
(F.)  In/lammation  du  Pancreas,  from  panerens, 
and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Iiiflainination 
of  the  pancreas; — an  afi'ection,  the  phenomena 
of  which  are  not  well  known. 

PAN'CREATOID,  from  pancreas,  and  iiloi, 
'appearance.'  Paucreato'i'des.  A  tumour  re- 
sembling the  pancreas  in  structure. 

PANCREATON'CUS,     from     pancreas,    and 
oyKos,  'a  swelling.'     Tumour  of  the  pancreas. 
PANCRENE.  Pancreas. 
PANCREUM,  Pancreas. 
PAXDA'LEA.  Panda'leum.    A  kind  of  lozenge 
used  bv  the  Arabian  physicians. 
PANDALEUM,  Pandalea. 
PANDALITIUM,  Paronychia. 
PANDEMIA,  Pandemic. 

PANDEM'IC,  Pan'deniy,  Pande'min,  Sfarhu 
Pande'miua  seu  Pande'mus  seu  Paiicoe' nui,  PM' 


PAXD^MIE 


675 


PAPAVER 


ccrno'oHi,  (F-)  P'tndiinie ;  from  rnv,  'all,'  and 
i,,fi(i{,  '  pcDple.'  An  epidomic  which  attacks  the 
wliiilc,  or  a  fjreat  part,  of  the  populaticn. 

PAS'DEMIE,  Pandomic. 

PAND1'].MY,  Pandemic. 

PANUICULA'TION,  PamUcidn'tio,  Seordine'- 
m'l,  Scordiitin'iiiiiH,  Clonus  Pctiidicula'tio,  from 
piiiuliculari,  (jxindere,  'to  stretch  out,')  'to 
ttretch  as  one  awaking  from  sleep.'  Stretching, 
llid'icea,  (pi.)  An  action,  which  consists  in  ele- 
Viiling  the  upper  limbs,  and  throwing  the  head 
and  trunk  backwards,  at  the  same  time  that  the 
liiwcr  limbs  are  extended.  This  series  of  motions 
of  the  extensor  muscles  is  in  some  measure  in- 
dependent of  the  will,  and  is  accompanied  with 
yawning,  which  is  equally  involuntary.  In  the 
state  of  health,  stretching  occurs  before  and  after 
sleep;  especially  when  we  are  fatigued.  It  is 
also  observed  at  the  onset  of  certain  paroxysms 
of  fever,  hysteria,  <fcc. 

PANDOCE'UM,  Pandocki'um,  Pandoci'nm, 
fp'MD  rrai',  'all,'  and  ic^^^ojiai,  '  to  receive.'  An  inn 
that  receives  all  classes.  A  general  hospital,  or 
one  that  admits  all  cases. 

PANDOCIIIUM,  Pandoceum. 

PANDOCIUM,  Pandoceum. 

PANIIIURO'SIS,  from  irav,  'all,'  and  'lipuian, 
'sweating.'  Sudor  uuioeraa'lia.  Sweating  over 
the  whole  body. 

PANHYPEREMIA,  Plethora. 

PAiV/U  D'lrAIAE,  Panicum  Italicum. 

PAMICAUT,  Eryngium  campestre — p.  Mari- 
time, Kryngium  maritimum. 

PANIC  GRASS,  ITALIAlSr,  Panicum  Italicum. 

PANICUM  DACTYLON,  Cynodon  dactylon. 

Pan'icum  Itai/icum,  from  ;)'j»i"»,'' bread,'  Ital'- 
iiiii  Panic  Grans,  Indian  Millet,  Guinea  Corn, 
llnrbd'doei  Millet,  Mil'inm  In'dicnm,  Sorghum, 
Jliileus  Soryhunt,  (F.)  Millet  des  oiseanx  ou  A 
(jnippes,  Panic  d'ltalie.  Nat.  Ord.  Gramineae. 
The  seed — Mil'ii  Sem'ina — are  much  esteemed  in 
Italy,  being  a  constant  ingredient  in  soups,  and 
made  into  a  variety  of  forms  for  the  table. 

Panicum  Mima'ceum,  P.  mil'inm,  Common  Mil- 
hl,  Milium,  M.  Pan'icum  seu  Esculent' nm,  Cen- 
c'limn,  Cenchrus,  (F.)  Millol  ordinaire,  JUL  Mil- 
k'l.seed  are  esteemed  a  nutritious  article  of  diet, 
and  are  often  made  into  puddings. 

Panicum  Mii,ium,  P.  miliaceuin. 

PANIS  CAN  rC  ACE  US,  see  CaniciB— p.  Ciba- 
riiis  seu  secundarius,  Syncomistos  —  p.  Cuculi, 
Oxalis  ncetosella — p.  Porcinus,  Cyclamen. 

PANIV'OROUS,  Paniv'orus,  from  pnnis, 
'bread,'  and  voro,  'I  devour.'  Subsisting  on 
bread. 

PANNI,  Swathing  clothes. 

PANNICLE.  Membrane. 

PANXICULE  CHARNU,  Panniculus  car- 
nosHs. 

PANNICULUS,  diminutive  of  pannus,  cloth. 
A  piece  of  fine  cloth.     Pterygion. 

Panniculus  Anipostrs,  Cellular  membrane. 

Panniculus  Carno'sus.  Tu'nicn  camo'sa.  Mna- 
cidar  Web,  Mantle,  (F. )  Pannicule  charnne,  is  a 
general  covering  found  in  the  quadruped,  and 
fiiniied  by  a  thin,  subcutaneous  muscle,  which 
serves  to  move  the  skin.  It  exists  only  in  cer- 
tain parts  of  the  human  body,  —  as  in  the  fore- 
bead,  where  it  is  formed  by  the  occipito-frontalis  ; 
in  the  neck,  by  the  platysma  myoidcs;  and,  in 
(he  scrotum,  by  the  cremaster  muscle. 

Pavniculus  CoiiDis.  Pericardium  —  p.  Ilyme- 
n;eii«,  Hvmen — p.  Virsrinalis,  Hymen. 

PU'XrKELL,  Cranium. 

PAN'NUS.  A  piece  of  cloth.  This  word  has 
several  other  meanings,  many  of  which  are  equi- 
vocal. It  means  a  tent  for  a  wound,  and,  also, 
nn  irregular  niBvus  or  mark  on  the  skin.  —  Cas- 
tclii.    Modera    ophthalmologists    apply  it  to  an  .1 


opake  and  vascular  condition  of  the  anterior 
membrane  of  the  cornea,  almost  invariably  pro- 
duced by  the  continuance  of  purulent  or  strumous 
ophthalmia,  or*  by  chronic  inflammation  of  the 
cornea.  This  part  becomes  nebulous,  covered 
with  red  vessels,  and  opake.  At  times,  the  scle- 
rotic conjunctiva  undergoes  a  similar  change  to 
that  which  occurs  in  the  corneal  portion. 

Pannus  Hepaticus,  Chloasma — p.  Lenticula- 
ris,  Ephelides. 

PANOCIIIA,  Bubo. 

PANOPHO'BIA,  Puntopho'bia,  Panpho'bia, 
Pauupho'bia,  Allii/in'i<(,  Puror,  (F.)  Fraijenr  noc- 
turne, Souci ;  from  rTaK,  '  the  god  Pan,'  and  (poffos, 
'  fear  ;'  a  panic  or  fear  inspired  by  the  god  Pan, 
according  to  the  opinion  of  the  ancients.  Others 
derive  it,  and  with  more  probability,  from  rav, 
'  ail,'  and  (pofioi,  '  fear.'  This  universal  and 
groundless  fear  is  morbid,  and  is  a  symptom  of 
melancholy. 

PANOPHTHALMI'TIS,  from  T^a.-,  'all,'  and 
ophthalmitis,  'inflammation  of  the  eye.'  Inflam- 
mation of  the  whole  eye. 

PANPHOBIA,  Panophobia. 

PANPLEGIA,  Pamplegia. 

PANSCLERO'SIS.  from  irav,  'all,'  and  okX^- 
pwati,  'hardness.'    Complete  induration  of  a  part. 

PANSE,  Ingluvies. 

PANSBMENT,  Dressing. 

PANSIES.  Viola  tricolor. 

PANSPER'MIA,  from  :rav,  'all,'  and  anepfia, 
'sperm.'  The  theory  of  Dissemination  of  Germs, 
according  to  which,  ova  or  germs  are  disseminated 
over  all  space,  undergoing  development  under 
favourable  circumstances. 

PANSY.  Viola  tricolor. 

PANTAGOGON,  Panchymagogum. 

PANTANANCEPHA'LIA,  from  ra./,  rrarm, 
'all,'  and  anencepha'lia,  absence  of  brain.  En- 
tire absence  of  brain — the  same  as  anencephalia. 
—I.  G.  St.  Ililaire. 

PANTATROPH'IA,  fromTrav,  KavTof,'a.\\,'  and 
arpitipia,  '  atrophy.'     Universal  atrophy. 

PANTHOD'IC,  Panthod'icus,  from  vav.  tt.ii/to;, 
'  all,' and 'o6os,  'away.'  An  epithet  applied  by 
Dr.  Marshall  Hall,  to  a  course  of  nervous  action 
proceeding  from  one  point  in  all  directions  to 
every  other. 

PANTICES,  Intestine. 

PANTING,  Anhelatio. 

PANTOGANGLIITIS,  Cholera. 

PANTOPHAGISTS,  see  Omnivorous. 

PANTOPHAGUS,  Omnivorous. 

PANTOPHOBIA,  Hydrophobia,  Panophobia. 

PANTOZOOTIA,  Panzootia. 

PANUS,  Phygethlon — p.  Faucium,  Stouiato- 
panus    -p.  Inguinalis,  Bubo. 

PANZOOT'IA,  Pantozodtia ;  from  vav,  'all,' 
and  ^<i)ov,  '  animal.'  An  endemic  or  epidemic 
disease  affecting  animals  generally. 

P.AP,  Mamma,  Nipple.  Also,  a  soft  food  made 
of  bread  boiled  or  softened  with  water,  (Se.) 
Breadberry. 

Pap  of  the  Hose,  Uvula — p.  of  the  Throat, 
Uvula. 

PAPAS  AMEBIC  ANUS,  Solanum  tuberosum. 

PAPA'VER,  P.  somnif'ernni,  Mecon,  Lethe' n. 
The  White  Poppt/,  Paparer  sati'rnm,  (F.)  Pavot 
des  Jardins.  Ord.  Papaveraceaj.  «SVx.  Si/st.  Po- 
lyandria  Monogynia.  The  Capsui-k  of  the 
WiiiTF,  Poppy,  Co'dia,  Kwfmi  or  nwcScia,  Sra'phion, 
Papnr'eris  Caput  seu  Cap'snia,  Paparer,  (Ph. 
U.  S.,)  Jfeeon,  Poppi/head,  is  used  in  fomentation 
as  an  anodyne  and  relaxant,  to  inflamed  or  ulce- 
rated parts.  The  exjircssed  oil  of  the  seeds  is 
called  by  the  French  Hnile  d'(Eilhtte.  It  is  from 
the  poppy  that  Opium— called,  also.  Opium  The- 
ba'Icum,  Meco'nium,  Opion,  Afanns  Dei,  Affion, 
Affium,   Amphiam,    Ajium,    Osoron,   Lait'dannm, 


TAPAVERACEUM 


676 


PAPPEA  CAPENSIS 


3fecon,  Siojyio,  (Prov.)  Poppy  pill,  (F.)  Opium  hrut 
ou  cm  —  is  procured.  It  is  the  milky  juice  ob- 
tained after  the  flowering  of  the  plant,  hy  making 
longitudinal  incisions  in  tlie  eapsliles  and  stalks. 
It  is  commonly  obtained  from  the  Levant  or 
India,  where  the  poppy  grows  abundantly.  Opium 
is  a  compound  of  morphia,  narcotina,  meconic 
acid,  codeia,  narcein,  meeonin,  caoutchouc,  fecula, 
resin,  oil,  and  several  other  substances.  Turkey 
Opium  is  of  a  heavy  and  slightly  fetid  colour. 
Its  taste  is  nauseous,  bitter,  acrid,  and  warm:  it 
is  in  flat  pieces;  solid  and  tenacious;  of  a  dark 
Vjrown  colour,  and  yellowish  when  powdered  ; 
making  a  light  brown,  interrupted  streak  on 
paper.  In  Eatf  Iiidia  Opium,  the  odour  is  the 
.*;ame,  and  empyreuinatic  ;  the  tiiste  is  less  bitter, 
but  more  nauseous,  and  the  colour  darker.  The 
varieties  of  opium  known  in  commerce  are  the 
iSmyriKi,  the  Ciinntaiilinople,  the  Eijyptiim,  the 
Perxinu,  and  the  Fndinu.  Opium  is  stimulant  in 
small  doses;  sedative,  in  large;  narcotic  and  ano- 
dyne; operating  through  the  nervous  system.  It 
is  a  most  valuable  remedy  in  all  painful  aff"ec- 
tions,  and  inflammations,  when  given  so  as  to 
])roduce  its  full,  sedative  effects,  especially  in  pe- 
ritonitis. In  diarrhoea  and  dysentery,  it  acts  as  an 
astringent:  and  in  intermittents,  it  will  often  pre- 
vent the  paroxysm.  In  typhus,  in  small  doses, 
it  acts  as  a  cordial;  in  larger,  it  allays  irritation 
«nd  produces  sleep.  When  applied  externally, 
its  narcotic  effects  are  developed:  and,  hence,  it 
is  a  useful  application  to  irritable  sores,  painful 
tumours,  <fcc.  Dose.gr.  ^  to  J  as  a  stimulant;  gr. 
j  to  iv  as  a  sedative. 

Papwrr  CKitRALK,  P.  rhoeits  —  p.  C'ornicula- 
tum,  Cholidonium  majus — p.  Erraticum,  P.  rhoeas 
— p.  Luteum,  Chelidoiiiuni  tnajus. 

Papavkh  NiGiunt.  This  is  merely  a  variety 
of  the  white  poppy,  producing  black  seeds. 

Papaver  KilfEAS.     The  systematic  and  phar- 
luacopneial   name   of  the   Red  coni-poppy.    Cum 
rime,  Ptipnver  errat'icum  seu  cerea'le  seu  rnhrum. 
Copper  roue,  Bed-mai/ken,   (F.)    Coquelicot.     The 
heads  of  this  species  oontain  a  milky  juice  of  a 
narcotic   (|uality.     A   syrup.  Syr'upua  /{h(e'ado9, 
of  its  flowers — Rlioens  (Ph.  L.  and  E.) — has  been 
directed,  which  has  been    esteemed   diaphoretic 
and  slightly  soothing ;  but  is  more  admired  for 
its  colour  than  for  any  other  property. 
PAPAVKRACEILM,  Opiate. 
PAPAVERCUl.U.M,  Meconium. 
PAPAVERINE,  Pitpnveri'na  ;  from  papnver, 
'the  poppy.'     An  alkaloid  contained  in  opium; 
but  not  much  investigated. 
PAPAVERINUM,  Codeine. 
PAPAW  TREE,  Carica  piipaya, 
PAPA  YER,  Carica  papaya. 
PAPER,    BLISTERING,    see    Sparadrapum 
vesicatoiiiim. 

PAPIER  EPISPASTIQUE,  see  Sparadra- 
pum vesicatorium. 

PAPIL'LA,  (F.)  PopiUe — diminutive. perhaps, 
from  ))np'i,  one  of  the  earliest  cries  of  the  infant, 
ascribed  to  a  craving  for  food.  The  end  of  the 
l)reast,  the  nipple.  See  Nipple.  An  eminence 
similar  to  a  nipple.  A  name  given  to  small  emi- 
nences, more  or  less  prominent,  at  the  surface  of 
several  parts,  particularly  of  the  skin  and  mu- 
cous membranes,  in  which  latter  situation  they 
are  also  called  villi.  See  Villous.  They  appear 
formed  by  the  ultimate  expansion  of  the  vessels 
and  nerves,  and  are  susceptible,  in  some  cases,  of 
a  kind  of  erection.  They  are  also  called  PupHlis 
tiervo'sm  seu  Ner' rem,  P.  Pyritmidii'len,  Nervonn 
pnpil/ce,  (F.)  Papi/lea  ou  Papil/es  uerveuses, 
Houppei  nerreities. 

Paph.la  Lacrvmalis,  see  Lachrymal  pnncta 
— p.  MamiMie,  Nipple— p.  Nervi  optici,  see  Optic 
nerve — p.  Pili,  see  Hair. 


Papill.e,  see  Corpuscles,  Pacinian — p.  Prtlyei- 
formes,  see  Papilhc  of  the  tongue— p.  Ciipitiilir, 
see  PapilltB  of  the  tongue — p.  Circiiiiiviilhii»>.  see 
Papilla;  of  the  tongue  —  p.  Coiiiml.  see  Piipilhu 
of  the  tongue  —  p.  Conoidal,  see  Pupillio  of  the 
tongue — p.  Filiform,  see  PapilUp  i>f  the  tongiut 
—  p.  Fungiform,  see  Papilla'  of  the  tongue — p. 
Fungoid,  see  Papillre  of  the  tongue. 

Papilla  op  tiik  Km>nky,  (F.)  Mnmelnnn  i!,i 
rein,  are  the  projections  into  the  jielvis  of  the 
kidney  of  the  apices  of  the  cones — Pijramldn  of 
Miilpighi,  Pyraiu'ides  Jliilpiijhiit'iia!  —  of  the  tu- 
bular substance  of  the  organ.  They  lire  also 
called  Priicen'nus  maiiiil/ii'res,  Canin'cidie  p'ljtil- 
ht'res,  and  PapiU'cB  reiium. 

Papilla,  Lh.ntk'iu.ar,  see  Piipilla}  of  the 
tongue  —  p.  MaxiintB,  see  Papillic  of  the  tongiu" 
— p.  Mediije,  see  Pajjilla!  of  the  tongue— p.  Min- 
ima;, see  PapilliC  of  the  tongue — p.  Mucosa',  see 
Papillae  of  the  tongue  —  p.  Nervea>,  Corpuscles, 
Pacinian  —  p.  Nervous,  see  Pai)illa  —  p.  Pyra- 
midal, see  Papilliie  of  the  tongue  —  p.  Pyrn- 
midales,  see  Papilla  —  p.  Renum,  see  Piipillic  of 
the  kidney  —  p.  Semilenticulares,  see  Papilla;  of 
the  tongue. 

PwilijM  of  the  Tongue  are  very  nuiiiprnus 
and  marked.  They  are  observed,  ])arliculiirly.  at 
the  upper  surface  of  the  organ,  and  are  distin- 
guished into — -1.  The  Leiilic-'ultir  popil/ir,,  Piipilla: 
muco'ia  seu  mnx'imee  seu  cnpitu'lm  seu  viillu'lie 
seu  circnmvnU(t'tcB  seu  trunca'tm  seu  calyci/or'nu'i. 
They  are  arranged  at  the  base  of  the  tongue  in 
two  oblique  lines  having  the  shape  of  the  letter 
V;  and  united  angularly  at  the  foramen  Ciuoinn. 
They  have,  in  general,  an  ovoid  or  spliericnl 
shape,  and  have  seemed  to  be  mucous  follicles 
similar  to  those  of  the  palate,  lips,  &c.  2.  The 
Fun'fjiform  or  Fuiir/nid  Papilla',  Papilla!  me'dia 
seu  semileiiticula' reifSivQ  of  indeterminate  niiniher, 
but  always  more  numerous  than  the  preceiling. 
They  are  irregularly  disseuiinated  near  the  edges 
and  the  point  of  the  tongue  ;  have  a  rouniloii  and 
flattened  head,  supported  by  a  short  and  narrow 
footstalk.  Their  tint  is  whitish.  3.  The  Cou'icol, 
Coiioid'al  or  Pyram'idnl  papilla;,  P.  min'iiiiO'.  seu 
villo'^ae.  are  the  most  numerous  of  all.  Their 
arrangement  is  more  regul.ir  in  the  furppnrt  of 
the  tongue  than  behind.  They  reseinblc  small 
cones  :  the  base  being  towards  the  tongue  and 
the  apex  free.  The  anterior  are  very  small,  ami 
have  been  called  Fll'iform  pnpil'Im.  They  ap- 
pear to  be  produced  by  the  terminations  nf  the 
filaments  of  the  lingual  nerve,  and  are  surround- 
ed by  an  evident  vascular  network. 

Papii>L/E  Truncate,  see  Papilhe  of  thetnngno 
—p.  Vallatiie,  sec  Papillse  of  the  tongue— p.  Vil- 
losiie,  see  Papillre  of  the  tongue. 

PAP'ILLARY,  Papiila'rix.  Papill'nm,  (F.) 
Papillaire,  from  papilla.  Of  or  belonging  to  the 
nipple  or  to  the  papilhe. 

Papillary  Banv.  Corpus  pnpillare. 
PAPILLI-AUT-MAMMILLI-FORMIS,  Mas- 
toid. 

PAPILL'IFORM,  Papilli/orm'ii,  from  pnpilln, 
and  forma,  '  form.'  Having  the  shape  or  appear- 
ance of  a  papilla. 

PAPILLO'MA.    A  tumour,  whose  specific  ele- 
ments are  those  of  the   papillie   of  the  normal 
skin  ;  and  which  consequently  is  composed  of  ft 
stem  of  fibrous  or  homogenous  connective  tissue; 
is    club-shaped,  cylindrical    or   acuminated,  and 
covered  with  a  layer  of  epithelial  cells,  similar  to 
those  of  the  normal  papillae. — Forster. 
PAPILLOUS.  Papillary. 
PAPOOSE  ROOT,  Caulophyllum  thalictro'ides. 
PAPPE,  Mamma. 

PAPPEA  CAPEN'SIS.  A  small  tree  nfthe 
Nal.  Ord.  SapindaceiB,  common  in  Caffcrlnml. 
the   fruit   of  which    is    called    Wild  Plum:    It 


PAPPUS  AMERICANUS 


677 


PARAGLOSSA 


furnishes  a  vinous  beverage,  and  excellent  vine- 
g,ir.  Its  kernel  contains  an  oil,  wliieli,  although 
eatiil)le.  is  somewhat  cathartif,  and  is  recom- 
uieiidoil  us  an  external  application  in  tinea 
ciiiiilii*,  alopecia,  Ac. 

PAPPUS  AMERICANUS,  Solanum  tubero- 
sum. 

PAP'IILA.  Akin  to  pnpi'lln.  A  pimple,  Ejc- 
or'wix,  (Prov.)  Poii/re,  Puckle,  (So.)  I'liike,  I'luuk, 
(F.)  I'lipiili;,  Jiouloii,  Boitri/eon.  A  small,  acu- 
luinaled  elevation  of  the  cuticle,  with  an  inflamed 
liiise;  very  seldom  containing  a  fluid,  or  suppu- 
rating, and  commonly  terminating  in  scurf  or 
desquamation.  An  eruption  of  pimples  is  called, 
in  Devonshire,  Mitijlex. 

I'apnlcB  form  the  first  order  of  AVillan  and 
Bateiiian's  arrangement  of  cutaneous  diseases. 

Pai'ui.a  AortiA,  Lichen  agrius  —  p.  Fera,  Her- 
pes cxedens — p.  Miliaris,  Miliary  fever  —  p.  Ty- 
phosa,  Spots,  red. 

pAi'iiL.*;,  Lichen — p.  Siccse,  Lichen — p.  Sudo- 
ris,  Miliary  fever  —  p.  Sudorales,  Sudamina. 

PAPULAR,  Papulose. 

PA/'ULErX,  Papulose. 

PAP'ULOSK,  /'iipiito'mts,  Pap'nlouH.  Papida'- 
liii,  Pimpled,  Pap'ulur,  Papula' rii,  (F.)  Papu- 
leiix,  from  papilla.  Of  or  belonging  to,  resem- 
bling, or  covered  with,  papula?  or  pimples. 

PAQUKHETTI-:  VIVACE,  Bellis. 

PAR  NERVO'RUM,  fSi/z'i/<ji  neivo'rum.  A 
pair  of  nerves. 

PAit  NoNiiH,  Ilypoglossus — p.  Opticum  Nervo- 
rum, Optic  nerve— p.  Primum  nervorum  cerebri. 
Olfactory  nerve  —  p.  Quartum,  Pathetic  nerve — 
p.  Quintum  nervorum  eorebralium,  Trigemini — p. 
Secundum  nervorum.  Optic  nerve — p.  Septimum 
sivc  faciale.  Facial  nerve  —  p.  Tertium,  Motores 
oeulc.ruin— p.  Trigeminum,  Trigemini — p.  Trium 
f'uuiculoruni,  Trigemini  —  p.  Vagus,  Pneumogas- 
tric — p.  Visorius,  Optic  nerve. 

PAHA,  nnpa,  a  common  prefix,  'by,  near,  con- 
trary to,  through,'  (per;)  'above  and  beyond,' 
{ultra  ;]  'besides,'  (prater.)  In  certain  terms,  as 
in  /'((cocusis,  /-"((rapsis,  Parahysimi,  &o.,  used 
by  Dr.  Good,  para  means  a  defective  or  morbid 
condition. 

Pai!A  Nut,  .^ee  Pichurim  beans. 

PARABAL'ANUS,  from  napaflanctv,  (:Tapa, 
and  ^uXXctv,  'to  cast,')  'to  expose  one-self.'  A 
nauie  given,  by  the  ancients,  to  a  person  who  de- 
voted himself  to  the  service  of  the  sick  in  hos- 
Iiitals;  and  particularly  during  epidemics  and  the 
piajuc. 

PARABYS'MA,  from  napa,  and  Pvcn;  'to  stuff.' 
Inlarcti(Mi  or  engorgement  of  an  organ — as  Pura- 
byitma  Lie'iiis,  Kngorgcment  of  the  spleen. 

Pakabysma  Mksknteuicum,  Tabes 'mesente- 
ricn. 

PARABYS'TIA,  same  etymon.  Engorgement 
or  infarction  of  an  organ  with  blood. 

PARACELSIS'TA,  Paraeel'ulst,  Parnccl'sian  ; 
from  Paracelsus.     A  follower  of  Paracelsus. 

I'ARACELSISTICA  MEDICINA,  see  Spagy- 
rists.  ^   °^ 

PARACENTE'RIUM.  Same  etymon  as  the 
next.  Woolhouse  has  given  this  appellation  to  a 
small  trocar,  employed  by  Nuck  for  puncturing 
the  eye  in  cases  of  dropsy  of  that  organ. 

PARACENTE'SIS,  Perfora'tio,  Piinc'fio, 
Pdiiclii'ra,  Ceiiembate'sin,  Cente'nis,  Compiinc'tio, 
(r.)  J'araveiiteie,  from  napaKCVTcu),  (irnna,  and 
KtvTcu),  'I  pierce,')  'I  pierce  through.'  Puncture. 
The  operation  of  tappimj  to  evacuate  the  collected 
fluid  in  ascites,  ovarial  dropsy,  &c. 

Pahackniksis,  Puncturing — p.  Thoracis,  Tho- 
racocentesis. 

PARArENTETERION.  Trocar. 

PA R A C ENTIC ION,  Trocar. 

PARACEPII'ALUS,  (F.)   ParacSphale,   from 


Ttapa,  'defective,'  and  Kc^aXtjy  'head.'  A  genus 
of  monsters,  with  the  head  badly  formed,  but 
voluminous;  the  face  distinct,  with  a  mouth;  ru- 
dimental  sensorial  organs,  and  thoracic  members. 

PARACIIRCE'A,  from  para,  and  xi'"")  'colour.' 
Morbid  change  of  colour  of  the  surface,  especially 
of  the  face. 

PARACHROMA,  Achromatopsia. 

PARACIIROSIS,  Decoloration. 

PARACINE'SES,  ((}.)  Parak  inesien,  from 
para,  and  Kivrjaii,  'motion.'  Diseases  of  the 
motor  nerves;  morbid  movements  of  voluntary 
muscles. 

PARACMASIS,  Decline. 

PARACMAS'TIC,  Paracmas'ticm,  from  ica- 
paKna^ui,  (para,  and  uKiit),  'the  highest  point,')  'I 
decrease.'  Decreasing.  An  epithet  for  a  distem- 
per, which  gradually  decreases.  Also,  according 
to  Galen,  the  period  of  life  when  a  person  is  said 
to  grow  old,  which  he  places  at  from  35  to  49, 
after  which  he  is  said  to  be  old— a  definition  that 
would  not  suit  us  at  the  present  day.— Gorrseus, 
and  Castelli. 

PARACMASTICOS,  see  Acmasticos. 

PARACME,  Decline. 

PARACOE,_see  Cophosis,  Paracusis. 

PARAC'OPE,  Paraph'ora,  Paracrti'ei's,  from 
wapaKorri-u,  (para,  and  /corrroi,  'I  strike,')  'I  strike 
falsely.'  Delirium.  In  Ilippocratei!,  it  means 
the  slight  delirium  which  sometimes  occurs  in 
febrile  diseases. 

PARACOUSIA,  see  Cophosia. 

PARAC'RISES,  (G.)  Parakrisien :  from 
para,  and  Kinati,  'secretion.'  Diseases  of  the 
secretory  function. — Fuchs. 

PARACRUSIS,  Paracope. 

PARACUSIS,  Cophosis.  Also,  perverted  au- 
dition. 

Pauacu'ris  Acris,  Aiidi'tiisa'crior,  Paracn'ms 
oxycoi'a,  from  para,  and  nKovan,  '  the  act  of 
hearing.'  The  hearing  painfully  acute,  and  iilto- 
lerant  of  the  lowest  sounds ;  a  symptom  in 
otalgia,  epilepsy,  cephalitis,  and  febrile  afiec- 
tions. 

Pauacusis    Duplicata,  Double   hearing p. 

Imaginaria,  Tinnitus  aurium — p.  Imperfecta, 
Double  hearing,  P.  perversa  — p.  Obtusa,  Earye- 
coia  —  p.  Oxycoia,  P.  acris. 

Paracusis  Pkuvku'sa,  P.  WHUsia'na  seu  im- 
perfvc'ta,  Pcrrerxe  hearing.  The  ear  only  sensi- 
ble to  articulate  sounds,  when  excited  by  other 
and  louder  sounds  intermixed  with  them. — Good. 
_  Paracusis  Surditas,  see  Cophosis  —  p.  Willi- 
siana,  Paracusis  perversa. 

PARACYCLE'SES,  (G.)  Parakyklesen, 
from  para,  and  KvxXnaif,  (kvkXos,  'a  circle,')  'cir- 
culation. Diseases  of  the  blood  as  regards  its 
distribution  and  motion. — Fuchs. 

PARACYESIS,  Pregnancy,  morbid.  Pregnan- 
cy, preternatural — p.  Abortus,  Abortion — p.  Tu- 
baria,  Salpingocyesis._ 

PARACYNAN'CIIE,  (para,  and  cynanche.) 
Inflammation  of  the  external  muscles  of  the  la- 
rynx.    According  to  others,  a  slight  cynanche. 

PARiESTHESIA,  Paresthesis  —  p.  Olfactoria, 
Parosmia. 

PAR.ESTIIESIS,     Paresthesis  — p.    Auditfls 
flacca,  Proptoina  auricularum. 
PAR/ETHENAR,  Parathenar. 
PAR.\GEUSIS,    Ageustia.     Also,    perversion 
of  taste,  Parac/eii'sia,  Parat/eiist'ia,  AUatrioyeua'- 
tia,   Gitstita  deprava'tus,   from  para,  and  ycvais, 
'  taste.' 
PARAGEUSTIA,  Parageusis. 
PARAGLOSSA.   Parof/loi'se,  from  para,  and 
yXuiaaa,   'the   tongue;'  Swelling  of  the  tongue; 
JJiispha'gia    Linrfiio'na,    Glasnomef/in'tiis,    Macro- 
r/l<is'aa,  Prulap'aim  litujiicB.     Sauvages,  under  the 
term  Purai/lunaa  deglutito'riu,  means  a  pretended 


PARAGOGE 


678 


PARAniONIA 


doubling  of  the  tongue  into  the  pharynx,  (F.) 
Jteni^ernemeiit  rie  In  Iniif/iie.  See  Glossocele. 
PARAGOGE.  Abduction,  Coaptation. 
PARA(50MP1I0'SIS.  Parayomphoxin  cap'itis, 
from  para,  and  ynjxiinitaiq,  '  a  nailing.'  Incomplete 
wedging  of  the  head  of  the  child  in  the  pelvis 
during  labour. 

PARAKINESTEN.  Paracineses. 

PA  HA  KR  rSfEX,  Paracrises. 

PA RA K YKLESEN,  Paracycleses. 

PARALALIA,  Mogilalia  — p.  Nasalis,  Rhino- 
phonia. 

PARALAMP'SIS,  iroprjAa/i\l/if,  from  vapaXan- 
Tiit,  (nupa,  and  \ajxnii>,  'I  shine, '1  'I  shine  at  the 
side  of;'  3liic'iila  cornea  margaritd'ceci,  Perla. 
A  cicatrix  on  the  transparent  part  of  the  eye. — 
Hippocrates. 

PARALEREMA,  Delirium. 

PARALLAGE,  Insanity. 

PARALLA(jlx\IA,  C'lievnncJicment. 

PARALLAXIS,  Chevaimhement,  Insanity. 

PARALLE'LA.  A  kind  of  scurfy,  cutaneous 
eruption,  affecting  the  palms  of  the  hands,  in 
parallel  lines,  and  symptomatic  of  the  venereal 
disease. — Forestus. 

PARALLELISM  OF  DISEASES,  Isopathia. 

PARALOtilA,  Delirium. 

PARALOPH'IA,  from  piara,  and  Xoiptn,  'the 
first  vertebra  of  the  back.'  The  lower  and  lateral 
part  of  the  neck,  near  the  vertebrae. — Keil. 

PARALYSE,  Paralytic.    , 

PARALYSfE,  Paralysis — p.  Musctdaire  atro- 
phiqiie,  Atrophie  musculaire,  progressive — p.  Sa- 
turniiie,  Palsy,  lead. 

PARAL'YSIS,  Par'esis,  JResohi'ti'o  memhro'- 
riiin  seu  iiervo'rum,  Cants  pnralysin,  Catal'yuis, 
(F.)  Para/i/eie,  Resolittinn  lies  membres ;  Alien' - 
ria,  Anev'ria,  Anervlmin'c, — Piorry  ;  Pahy  ;  from 
r(lpa^D(^),  [-napa,  and  Xucd,  'I  loosen,')  'I  relax.' 
Abolition  or  great  diminution  of  the  voluntary 
motions,  MynpnraVyais,  and  sometimes  of  sensa- 
tion, in  one  or  more  parts  of  the  body. 

Palsy  is  said  to  be  lucid,  when  it  affects  only  a 
few  muscles.  AVhen  it  extends  to  half  the  body, 
vertically  or  horizontally,  it  is  called  Hemiph'- 
giii  or  Pciraple'gia.  It  is  commonly  symptoma- 
tic of  disease  of  the  brain  or  of  the  nerves  them- 
selves, and  is  a  frequent  accompaniment,  precur- 
sor, or  successor  of  apoplexy, — PhrenojMind'ytis. 
The  immediate  cause  is.  generally,  pressure, 
either  by  blood  effused,  or  by  serum,  or  by  vas- 
cular turgescence.  At  its  onset,  therefore,  blood- 
letting may  be  advisable ;  but,  afterwards,  the 
disease  becomes  one  of  nervous  debility,  and  re- 
quires stimulants  to  the  paralyzed  parts,  or  to 
the  mucous  membranes,  —  frictions,  sinapisms, 
blisters,  the  moxa,  baths,  electricity,  galvanism, 
purgatives,  and  the  nux  vomica,  which  last  has 
the  property  of  exciting  movements  where  the 
will  has  no  longer  power.  The  disease  generally 
admits  only  of  palliation,  and  is  extremely  apt  to 
recur. 

Paralysis,  Primula  veris. 

Paral'ysis  Ag"itans,  p.  trem'ida,  Syri'donui 
bnllis'nnis,  Scelofyr'be  festi'iinnn,  Tremor,  Tromos, 
SJiakiiiy  Palsy,  Trembling  Palsy.  A  variety  of 
tremor,  in  which  the  muscles  are  in  a  perpetual 
alternation  of  contraction  and  relaxation. 

Paralysis,  Bull's,  Bell's  Pahy,  Histrion'ic 
Paral'yiis  or  Palsy,  Pnral'ysis  facia'lis,  Proso- 
paral'ysis,  Trismus  dias'troplie  Snuvnge'sii,  Di- 
as'trophe  GaJe'ni,  Hemiple'gia  facia'lis,  Oris 
tortn'ra  paralyt'ica  Liiinm'i,  Hemiprosople'yia. 
The  paralysis  of  the  face  induced  by  a  lesion  of 
tiie  portio  dura,  has  been  called  Bell's  Palsy, 
owing  to  Sir  Charles  Bell  having  been  one  of  the 
first  to  investigate  it  minutely. 

Paralysis  Beriberia,  Beriberi — p.  Extremi- 
tatum,    Aoro-paralysis  —  p.    Facialis,    Paralysis, 


Bell's — p.  Hemiplegia,  Hemiplegia — p.  Histrionic, 
Paralysis,   Bell's  —  p.   of  the    Insane,   Domoiiiia 

paralytica  —  p.  Intcstini  recti,  Proctoparalysis 

p.  Intestinoruni,  Entcroiiaralysis  —  p.  Lingua>, 
Glossolysis  —  p.  Medullaris,  Paniplegia  —  p.  Mc- 
tallica,  Palsy,  lead — p.  Nervi  liypoglossi,  (jIossd. 
plegia — p.  Nervi  vagi  in  parte  tlioracica,  Astliiiia 
— p.  Nervorum  thoracis,  Ac.,  Stetiioparnlysis— )>. 
from  Poisons,  P.  Venenata — p.  Rachialgia,  Cohc, 
metallic  —  p.  Saturnine,  Palsy,  lead  —  p.  Scorl)u- 
tica,  Pellagra  —  p.  Spinalis,  Paraplegia  —  p.  Tre- 
mula.  Paralysis  agitans. 

Paral'ysis  Vk.vkna'ta,  Paralysis  e  vene'iiio, 
Paralysis  from  poisons.  Paralysis,  the  result  uf 
poisonous  substances — as  of  lead,  mercury,  ar.se- 
nic,  ergot,  &c. 

Paralysis  e  Ve.venis,  P.  Venanata— p.  Ven- 
triculi,  Gastroparalysis. 

PARALYT'IC,  Paridyf'icns,  Par'idyzed,  Pal', 
sicd,  (F.)  Paralyse,  I'liralytiqne.  Saino  elynion 
as  Paralysis.     Affected  with  or  causing  paralysis. 

Paralytic  Stroke,  see  Stroke,  paralytic. 

PARALYZED,  Paralytic. 

PARAME'NIA,  from  para,  and  iir/v,  'a  monlli,' 
Menslruix'tio  anom'idn,  3feiises  auuiii'ida;.  Mis- 
menstruation.  Difficult  menstruation.  Disordered 
menstruation. 

Paramenia  Difficilis,  Dysmenorrhcoa  —  p. 
Erroris,  Menstruation,  vicarious  —  p.  Obstruclio- 
nis,  see  Ainenorrhoea  —  p.  Profusa,  Menorrhagia 
— p.  Superflua,  Menorrhagia. 

PARAME'RIA,  Triipufivina,  from  para,  niul 
linpos,  'the  thigh.'  The  internal  parts  of  the 
thigh. 

PARAMESOS,  Annular  finger,  see  Digitus. 

PARAMO  DE  RUIZ,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  A  remarkable  acid  spring  in  New  Graniuhi. 
It  contains  free  sulphuric  and  chlorohydric  acids, 
and  has  a  temperature  of  157°  Fahr. 

PARANEPIIRI'TIS,from^9a)((,  and  nephritis, 
'inflammation  of  the  kidney.'  Inflammation  uf 
the  renal  capsules,  Injiamma'tio  renum  sncceiitu- 
riato'rum. 

PARANCEA,  Delirium,  Dementia. 

PARANYMPII'US,  from  para,  and  vd/j^Vi  'a 
young  spouse,'  'a  bride.'  A  name  given  by  the 
ancients  to  him  who  led  the  bride  to  the  house  of 
her  husband.  The  terra  was  adopted  into  the 
ancient  schools  of  medicine  to  designate  tlie 
usual  discourse  pronounced  at  the  end  of  the  pre- 
scribed period  of  study  for  licentiate,  in  which 
the  qualifications  and  merits  of  the  candidate 
were  described. 

PARAPATHIA,  Pathomania. 

PARAPECHYON,  Radius. 

PARAPHIA,  Parapsis. 

PARAPHIMO'SIS,  Periphimo'sis,  Circnm- 
ligatu'ra,  Phimo'sis  circnmliga'ta,  Penis  lipn- 
derm'us,  from  para,  and  ipijjioii),  'I  bridle.'  Stran- 
gulation of  the  glans  penis,  owing  to  the  opening 
of  the  prepuce  being  too  narrow.  It  frequently 
happens  in  persons  affected  with  phimosis,  when 
the  prepuce  has  been  pushed  violently  behind  the 
base  of  the  glans,  during  copulation,  <fec.  In 
paraphimosis,  the  narrow  and  resisting  aperture 
of  tlie  prepuce  forms,  behind  the  corona  glandis, 
a  kind  of  ligature,  which  strangulates  the  part, 
causes  it  to  swell  and  inflame,  and  even  to  be- 
come gangrenous.  Attempts  must  he  made  to 
bring  back  the  prepuce.  These  excite  consider- 
able pain,  yet  they  must  be  persevered  in  fur 
some  time ;  and  should  they  not  succeed,  tlie 
rings,  formed  by  the  tumefied  prepuce,  must  be 
cut  transversely,  and  the  antiphiogislie  treatment 
be  adoi)ted. 

PARAPHOBIA,  Hydrophobia. 

PARAPHO'NIA,  from  j^'^a,  and  i^uvi?,  'the 
voice.'  Affection  of  the  voice,  when  its  charac- 
ter or  timbre  is  less  agreeable. 


rARAPIIORA 


679 


PAREIRA 


Paraphovia  Ct.ANGBNs,  Oxyphonia — p.  Gut- 
tiiriiliH,  Asiiphia — p.  NMsali?,  KhiiiDphonia  —  p. 
Puberuin,  Hiniuitalitas — p.  Rauca,  Kaucedo — p. 
IJIceiiisn.  OwpliDiiia. 

I'ARAIMIORA.  Delirium,  Paracope. 

PARAl'IIKHXKSIS,  Paraphrenitis  —  p.  Dia- 
phraj^inatifii,  Diaphragmitis. 

PAHA  I'llltKXIK,  Insanity. 

PAKAI'llKHNPTlS,  from  parn,  and  4>ptvti, 
'the  iliaphriii;in  ;'  /'iirriphr('ue'nin,  (F.)  Para- 
nhrdiciie.  A  name  given  to  inflammation  of  the 
diaphragm,  (see  Diai>hragmitis,)  which  was  sup- 
posed always  to  produce  delirium  : — as  well  as  to 
the  delirium  itself  accompanying  that  affection. 
See  I'lireiiitis. 

PA  H  A  Pll  ROSYNE.  Delirium. 

PARAPH  ROTES,  Delirium. 

I'ARAPLAS'T IC,  PampUtn'tiem.  from  paro, 
an<l  irAdoriifiH,  '  formative.'  Possessed  of  depraved 
foniialive  powers, — as  Carcinoma,  Encephaloma, 
Melanosis,  kc. 

PAR.M'LE'GIA,  Paraplex'Sa,  Rnchioparal'y- 
lin,  Itliiiihliipiinil'  i/hi'h,  jilinchi<ij)le't/i<i,  Myelo- 
purdl'i/iiK,  I'linil'i/nia  Hpiini'liu  seu  MedulJu' tin, 
t'linm  piirdti/Hi's  pnruple'</!a,  (¥.)  Par<iple()!e, 
from  p'lid,  and  irXrjo-o-w,  'I  strike.'  Palsy  of  the 
lower  half  of  the  body,  including  the  bladder  and 
rectum.  It  is,  generally,  owing  to  disease  of 
some  part  of  the  eerebro-spinal  axis;  especially 
of  the  spinal  portion.  The  ancients  sometimes 
used  the  term  for  incomplete  apoy)lexy.  Some 
authors  have,  also,  made  a  distinction  between 
pa  rapt  I  (/ill  and  pnraplexia,  —  using  the  former 
for  port  id!  tipop/exi/, —  the  latter  for  general  or 
conijili^ti:  apaji/i'j  i/. 

PARAPl-EUlilTIS,  Pleurodynia. 

PARAPI.KXIA,  Paraplegia. 

PARAPOPIIYSES,  see  Vertebra. 

PAR AP'OPLEXY.  Parnpoplex'in,  from  para, 
and  azorrXn^ta,  'apoplexj'.'  False  apoplexy;  a 
soporous  state,  resembling  apoplexy  ;  and  espe- 
cially that  which  occurs  in  the  paroxysms  of  per- 
nicious intermittents. 

PARAP'.SIS,  Piiraph'in,  from  para,  and  aitro- 
fiat,  '  I  touch.'  Sense  of  touch  or  general  feeling 
vitiated  or  lost. — (lood. 

Pahapsis  Actus  Tknkritudo,  Soreness  —  p. 
Expers,  Torpor,  Aniesthesia  —  p.  Illusoria,  Pseu- 
da>sthesia — -p.  Pruritus,  Itching. 

PARARMA,  Fimbria. 

PARARRIIYTIIMICUS,  Pararrhvthmus. 

PARARRIIYTII'.MUS, /'amrrAy?/i'/-n<»-<,from 
prtni,  idhI  fiuSuoi,  'rhythm.'  An  epithet  for  the 
pulse,  when  it  has  not  the  rhythm  proper  to  the 
age  and  ccmstitution  of  the  individual. 

VAWAKTUKE'MAJ'arartlno'ma.Pararfhre'- 
S)»,  Parriillin/Ki'x.  Parte' tasix,  Parnatrcp'sis,  from 

]>'< ra,  nnd  apifiov,  'a  joint,'  Incomplete  luxation  ; 
subluxation. 

PARASCEPAS'TRA,  from  para,  nm\  OKtxe^io, 
'1  cover.'  A  cap  or  bandage,  which  covers  the 
whole  head. — Galen. 

PARASCEUK.  Apparatus. 

PARAS'OIIIDES,  from  jiara,  and  cki^o),  'I 
cleave.'    Fragments  or  splinters  of  a  broken  bone. 

P.AK'ASITE,  Pa raiii't UK,  from  TrupaatTCOi,  (napa, 
and  c-irof,  'corn,'  '  food.')  '  I  oat  by  the  side  of.' 
Parasites  are  ])lants  which  attach  themselves  to 
other  plants:  and  animals  which  live  in  or  on  the 
bodies  of  other  animals, — so  as  to  subsist  at  their 
expense.  The  mistletoe  is  a  parasitic  plant;  — 
the  louse  a  parasitic  animal.  The  chief  parasitic 
animals  are  the  Prdlc'iilim  hunin'nun  corp'orin, 
P.  cap'llin,  P.  ptihis,  Piile.T  irri'tans,  P.  j)en'- 
flraiin.  »ui\  the  Ac'ariiK  Sra'hiei. 

PARASIT'IC,  Para«lt'icu<i.  Par'asitold,  Pa- 
ranito'i'ilei.  Same  etymon.  Having  the  nature  of, 
or  resembling  a  parasite, — as  'parasitic  growths,' 
tubercles,  cancer,  monster,  (F.)  Paraeiluire,  <tc. 


PARASITICIDE,  Antiparasitic. 

PARASI'TISM,  ParanitUm'us.  Same  etymon 
as  Parasite.  The  condition  of  a  parasite,  or  of  an 
organized  body  which  lives  on  another  organized 
body. 

PARASITISMUS  INTESTINALIS,  Helmin- 
thiasis—  p.  Superficiei,  Malis. 

PARASIT0G"ENY,  Paraiitngen'ia,  Paraai- 
togeu'esin.-  The  corporeal  condition,  which  favours 
the  development  of  parasites. 

PARASITOID,  Parasitic. 

P.AKASP.A'DIA,  from  para,  and  (tttou,  'I 
draw.'  A  preternatural  opening  of  the  urethra 
at  the  side  of  the  penis.  One  whose  urethra 
opens  in  this  manner  is  called  ParaHpadia' us 
and  Paranpa'dias. 

PARASPADI^US,  see  Paraspadia. 

PARAS'PHAGIS,  from  para,  and  a<paYri,  'the 
throat.'  The  part  of  the  neck  contiguous  to  the 
clavicles. 

PARAS'TATA,  Paras'tates,  from  iraptarriiii, 
(■Kdpa,  and  larftrji.)  '  I  stand  near.'  The  prostate. 
In  Hippocrates,  it  means  the  epididymis.  The 
epididymes  were  called  by  Herophilus  and  Galen 
Varico'Kce  paraiUitcR,  to  distinguish  them  from 
f/laiidiilo'scB  parantatm  or  prostate.  Rufus  of 
Ephesus  called  the  Tubas  Fal'opianae  ParasiatcB 
varied' HCP.. 

Parastata  Adenoidks,  Prostate  —  p.  Glan- 
dula.  Prostate — p.  Glandulosa,  Prostate. 

PARASTATES,  Parastata. 

PARASTATI'TIS,  Epididymi'tia ;  from  pa- 
raitala,  '  epididymis,' and  ilis,  denoting  inflam- 
mation.    Inflammation  of  the  epididvmis. 

PARASTREM'MA,  Para>i'tropl,e,''from  vapaa- 
Tpiipu),  [irapa,  and  aTpc(pw,  '  I  turn,')  'I  distort  or 
pervert.'  Convulsive  distortion,  especially  of  the 
face,  the  soft  parts  being  drawn  laterally. 

PARASTREPSIS,  Pararthrema. 

PARASTROPM  K.  Parastremma. 

PARASYNANCIIE,  Cynanche  parotidaa. 

PARASYSTOLE,  Acinesia. 

PARATH'ENAR,  Para'lhennr.  from  para,  and 
iivap,  '  the  sole  of  the  foot.'  Winslow  called  grand 
parathciiar,  paratlienar  majar,  a  portion  of  the 
abductor  of  the  little  toe,  muncidus  wandida'riiia  ; 
an<l  petit  panxtht^iiar,  paratlienar  minor,  the  short 
flexor  of  that  toe. 

ParathI'^nah  Ma.ior,  Abductor  minimi  digiti 
pedis  —  p.  Minor,  Flexor  brevis  minimi  digiti 
pedis. 

PARATIIROMA,  Elongatio. 

PARATONIA,  see  Spasm. 

PARATOPIA,  Luxation. 

PARATOP'IyE,  from  para,  and  tottos,  'place.' 
Diseases  in  which  organs  are  removed  from  their 
proper  position.     See  Ectopia. 

PARATRIMMA,  Chafing. 

PARATROPE.  Apotrope. 

PARAT'ROPHY,  Parat'rophe,  Paratrnjyh'ia, 
from  para,  and  rpoipn,  'nourishment.  Misnu- 
trition. 

PARBREAKING,  Vomiting. 

PARDALIANCHES,  Aconitum. 

PARDALIANCHUM,  Aconitum. 

PAREC'TAMA,  Parec'tasia,  from  para,  CK, 
'out  of,'  and  tuvu),  '  I  stretch.'  Immoderate  ex- 
tension, distension,  or  dilatation  of  a  part — as  of 
the  heart. 

PARECTASIS,  Pararthrema,  Pareclama. 

PAREGOR'IC,  Paregor'ieua,  Sn'piena,  (J.) 
Parfgariqiie,  from  irapriyopeij)  {napa.  and  ayoptvii)), 
'I  soothe,  I  calm.'  That  which  soothes  or  as- 
suages— as  paregoric  elixir.     An  anodyne. 

PAREIA.  Gena. 

PAREIRA.  see  P.  brava. 

Parki'ra  Brava,  Ciaaam'peloa  Pareira,  Pit- 
rei/ra,  Biitiia,  Aim' la,  Albii'tiia,  Patau,  Caa-pehn, 
Overo   biitita,    Wild   vine,   Velvet   leaf.      Family, 


FARELLE 


C80 


rAROMniALOCELE 


McnispcrmefB.  Sex.  Si/sf.  Diwcia  Monadelphia. 
The  root  of  this  plant —  Pureira  (Ph.  U.  S.)  —  a 
native  of  South  America  and  the  West  Indies, 
li:is  a  sweet  taste,  with  considerable  bitterness  and 
slight  roughness.  It  has  l)een  recommended  in 
nepliritic  and  calculous  affections;  but  it  is  not 
much  used.  By  A.  de  St.  Hilaire,  Pareira  is  as- 
'^igned  to  CiHuampelos  ylaher' rima. 

PAliELLE,    llumex  hydrolapathum,  R.   pa- 
tieritia. 

PARENCEPIIALIS,  Cerebellum. 
PARENCEPlIALITrS.  Cerebellitis. 
PARENCEPIIALOCE'LE,  from  7ra^£y-c£(^aXif, 
[-apu,  and  i.yKtpa\ot;,  'the  brain,')  'the  cerebel- 
lum,' and  K>)A?;,  'a  rrpturo.'  Hernia  of  the  cere- 
b'd'liim  ;  a  very  rare  disease.  It  occurs  under 
the  form  of  a  soft,  indolent,  or  slightly  painful 
tumour,  without  change  in  the  colour  of  the  skin, 
and  is  situate  in  the  occipital  region.  It  is  con- 
.vtituted  of  the  cerebellum,  which  escapes  through 
an  aperture  in  the  occipital  bone.  Great  atten- 
tion must  be  paid  not  to  mistake  it  for  an  ordi- 
nary tumour,  as  its  extirpation  would  be  attended 
with  fatal  consequences. 

PAKENCEPllALUS,  Cerebellum. 
PAREN'CHYMA,  Caro  parenehymctt'ica  seu 
vii'cernm  seu  viscera'lis  seu  niscero'sn,  SubKtnn'tla 
ptirenehytu(iti>'sit,  Prothen'mn,  (F.)  Pareiichi/me. 
The  texture  of  glandular  and  other  organs,  com- 
posed of  agglomerated  globules  united  by  areolar 
tissue,  and  tearing  with  more  or  less  facility. 
Such  is  the  texture  of  the  liver,  kidneys,  <fcc. 
Tlapeyx^'l^"  signifies,  in  Greek,  effusion,  (irapa,  ev, 
and  x"'^'  '  I  pour,')  and  it  was  believed,  that  this 
tissue  consisted  of  effused  blood  or  other  fluid. 
Pauknchyma  Tkstis,  Pulpa  testis. 
PAREN'CIIYMAL,  Pai-encln/m'atom,  Pnren'- 
ehtjinoiiH,  Piirenvlii/DKt'lis,  Pni-enchymat' icns,  (F.) 
J'<(ieiicliijm<iteiix ;  same  etymon.  Belonging  or 
relating  to  the  parenchyma  of  an  organ. 

PARENCHYMATI'TIS:  from  jmrenchymn, 
and  itis,  denoting  intlamination.  Jnflainmu'ti'o 
pttreuchi/mat'ica.  Inflammation  of  the  substance 
of  an  organ. 

PARKNCFIYMATOUS,  Parenchymal. 
PAR'ESrS,  from  irapiri^i,  'I  relax.'     (F.)  Pa- 
reiie.     Paralysis.     According  to  some,  a  slight, 
incomplete  paralysis,  aS'ecting  motion,  not  sen- 
sation. 

PARESTHE'STS,    Parcesthe'sh,   Paresfhe'sia, 
Sensim    iiiiper/ec'tits,     from    para,    and    ataOnatf, 
'sensation.'      Congenital  misconstruction  of  the 
external  organs  of  sense.     A  genus  in  the  no- 
sology of  (Jood.     Also,  perversion  of  sensibility. 
PARET'ICA  EXARTHRO'SIS.     Luxation 
from  relaxation  of  the  ligaments  of  a  joint. 
PARE TICUS,  Relaxant. 
PAREYRA,  Pareira  brava. 
PARFU.n,  Suffimentum. 
PARIERA,  Pareira  brava. 
PARIES,  Table. 

PARl'ETAL,  Pnrietn'Jh.  Pm-iet'innn,  from 
paries,  parietia,  '  a  wall.'  Appertaining  to  the 
jiarietes  or  walls  of  an  organ  or  to  the  parietal 
bones. 
Parietal  Artery,  see  P.  Bones. 
Parietal  Bones,  Ossa  parieta'lia  seu  vertica'- 
lia  seu  ver'ttcis  seu  siitcip'itis  seu  hrer/'matls  seu 
l/re;piiitt' ica  seu  nerva'lia  seu  letrago'na,  are  two 
fellow-bones,  occupying  the  lateral  and  upper 
parts  of  the  cranium,  in  the  formation  of  vfhich 
they  assist.  They  have  a  quadrilateral  shape: 
their  external  surface  is  convex,  and  presents,  at 
its  middle  part,  an  eminen((e  called  the  Parietal 
protabernnce,  Tuber  parietn'ie,  (F. )  Bosne  parii- 
tale.  Their  inner  or  cerebral  surface,  which  is 
concave,  has  a  depression  that  corresponds  with 
the  preceding  eminence,  and  which  is  called  the 
Parietal  fusHU,  Fosau  parieta'lis.     Above  and  be- 


hind, near  the  superior  edge  of  these  bones,  is  a 
foramen,  which  does  not  always  exist,  called  the 
Parietal  foramen,  Vora'nieu  parirta'le,  through 
which  passes  a  vein  —  parietal  vein  —  Ihiit  opens 
into  the  superior  longitudinal  sinus  of  the  dura 
mater:  and  an  artery — parietal  artery— n  branch 
of  the  occipital,  which  ramifies  on  the  same  sinus. 
Each  parietal  bone  is  articulated  abnre,  with  its 
fellow;  below,  with  the  temporal  bone;  before, 
with  the  frontal;  behind,  with  the  occipitaij  and 
by  the  anterior  and  inferior  angle  with  the  great 
ala  of  the  sphenoid.  Each  parietal  bone  is  de- 
veloped from  a  single  point  of  ossification. 

Parietal  Foramen,  see  P.  Bones  —  p.  Fossa, 

see  P.  Bones  —  p.  Protuberance,  see  P.  Bunes 

p.  Veins,  see  P.  Bones. 

PARIETA'RIA,  P.  offieina'lis,  Ilelx'ine,  Vi- 
tra'ria.  Wall  pel'litory,  (F.)  ParKtaire  eommiine, 
Perce-muraille,  Aiimnre,  Herbe  aii.r  nnirnilles  ou 
des  Nones.  Family,  UrticeiB.  tStx.  Si/nt.  Poly- 
gatnia  Monoecia.  This  plant  grows  on  old  walls, 
— hence  its  name,  from  paries,  parietis,  'a  wall,' 
—  and  contains  much  nitrate  of  potassa.  It  is 
diuretic,  but  is  not  much  used. 

Parieta'ria  PKNNSYLVAN'icA,^wer'(can  Pel'. 
litory,  a  small  weed,  flowering  from  June  to  Au- 
gust, has  been  used  in  juice  or  decoction  as  a 
diuretic,  deobstruent  [?]  and  emmenagogue. 

PARI'ETES,  Plural  of  Paries,  'a  wall,' (F.) 
P<trois.  A  name  given  to  parts  which  form  the 
enclosures  or  limits  of  different  cavities  of  the 
body,  as  the  Parietes  of  the  eraniam,  chest,  <fec. 

PARIETINUS,  Parietal. 

PARIS.  P.  quadrifn'lia.  Sola'num  qnndri/o'. 
linni,  lira  irtver'na  seu  Inpi'na  seu  vulpi'iia,  One- 
berry,  Trnelove,  (F.)  Parisette,  Raisin  de  llennrd, 
Ilerbe  a  Paris,  Etrangle-lonp.  It  possesses  nar- 
cotic properties,  and  was  formerly  considered  a 
powerful  love  philter.  It  is  emetic,  and  is  some- 
times used  extornallv  as  a  resolvent  and  anodyne. 

PARISAGOGE  INTESTIXORUM,  Intussus- 
ceptio. 

PARTSETTE,  Paris. 

PARISTH'MIA,  para,  and  «r9^o?,  'the  throat.' 
A  word  employed  to  designate  the  tonsils,  and, 
likewise,  inflammation  of  the  tonsils.  Cynanche 
tonsillaris,  and  Cynanche  in  general. 

PARISTIIMIOT'OMUS,  from  rrapir^pia,  ' the 
tonsils,'  and  rfjivw,  '  I  cut'  An  instrument  with 
which  the  tonsils  were  formerly  scarified. 

PARISTHMTTIS,  Cynanche,  C.  tonsillaris. 

PARISTIIMIUM,  Tonsil. 

PARISWORT,  Trillium  latifolium. 

PARMA  CITY,  Cetaceum  — p.  Poor  Man's, 
Thlaspi  bursa. 

PARME'LIA   PARIET'INA,  Liehen  pariet'. 

inns,  Yeilow  irall  Liehen,  Common  Yellow  Wall 
Moss,  which  grows  abundantly  on  trees  and  walls, 
Order,  Lichenacca?,  is  used  in  intermittent  fever 
on  account  of  its  bitterness. 

PARMELIA  IRLANDICA,  Lichen  Islandicus 
—  p.  Plicata,  Lichen  plicatus  —  p.  Pnlmonacea, 
Lichen  pulinonarius  —  p.  Roccella,  Lichen  roc- 
cella  —  p.  Saxatilis,  Lichen  snxatilis. 

PARMENTIE'RA  CERIF'ERA,  Pah  de 
veins.  Candle  Tree.  A  forest  tree  in  the  valley 
of  the  Chagres, — Nat.  Ord.  Creseentiaccic, —  the 
long  cylindrical  fruit  of  which,  resembling  can- 
dles, serves  for  food  for  cattle. 

PAROARTON.   Parovarium. 

PAROCHETEUSIS,  Derivation. 

PARODON'TIDES,  from  para,  and  o^odj, 
tooth.'     Tumours  on  the  gums;  parulis,  Ac. 

PARODYNIA,  Dystocia  — p.  Perversa,  Pre- 
sentation.  preternatural. 

PAROTS.  Parietes. 

PAROLE.  Voice,  articiilated. 

PAROMPUALOCE'LE,   from  para,    opda^os, 


PARONIRIA 


0  81 


PAROTIS 


'the  nnvel,'  and   «;;>';,  'rupture.'      Hernia  near 
the  navel. 

PARONI'RIA,  from  para,  and  ovtipav,  'a 
dreiim.'  Dejiraved,  disturbed,  or  morbid  dream- 
ing: Oiieiro<l}jii'{a  acti'va,  Erethis' mits  tiiieiro- 
(li/ii'ia.  The  voluntary  organs  connected  with 
llic  passiii)^  train  of  ideas,  overpowered  by  the 
fi)ree  of  llie  imagination  during  dreaming,  and 
iiivoluiitiirily  excited  to  their  natural  or  acciis- 
liiineil  actions,  while  the  other  organs  remain 
asleep. —  Good. 

Pakoniiua  Ambulans,  Somnambulism — p.  Sa- 
lax,  I'dlliition. 

PAIIO.N'Y'CIIIA,  Paroii'i/chli,  Paroni/thi'tis, 
Puii'iiri^,  liedii'vid,  Rtdiv' id,  Vcruiis  seu  Pteri/i/'- 
I'lOH  (lli/"iti,  Ptiiiarlt" iiim,  Dr<jil"inm,  Putidulit"- 
iiim,  PdHHit,  Ditcti/li'tia,  Paiui' rhim,  Oiii/cli'hi, 
(F.)  Oii;/liide,  from  ^«//'«,  and  ovv^,  om^oi,  'the 
liuil.'  The  ancients  gave  this  name  tc  iiii  inflam- 
matory tumour, —  Onychi'tin,  Onyxi'tin  (Gross), 
— seated  near  the  nail,  and  itivolving  the  pulp  or 
niatri.x.  Some  of  the  moderns  have  extended  it 
lo  inllainuiation  of  the  hand,  and  even  of  the 
fnrearm.  It  usually  means  every  phlegmonous 
tumour  of  the  fingers  or  toe.s,  and  especially  of 
the  first  phalanx.  Four  kinds  of  paronychia  are 
commonly  pointed  out:  1.  That  seated  between 
the  epiilermis  and  skin,  called  in  France  Tour- 
iiiole.  2.  Tliat  seated  in  the  subcutaneous  areo- 
lar tissue.  .3.  That  occupying  the  slieath  of  a 
tendon;  and  4.  That  con.sidered  to  be  seated  be- 
tween the  periosteum  and  bone.  The  last  three 
are  only  different  degrees  of  the  same  disease, 
constituting  Wliltlotv,  (Prov.)  Tea/,;  (F.)  Mai 
d'liveiitiin: :  —  the  worst  kinds,  in  English,  are 
called  Felon.  The  inflammation  generally  com- 
mences in  the  subcutaneous  areolar  tissue,  and 
ppreads  to  other  parts,  occasioning  excessive, 
lancinating  pain,  owing  to  the  parts  being  put 
upon  the  stretch;  hence,  the  necessity  of  dividing 
them  freely,  —  even  down  to  the  bone,  when  there 
is  reason  to  believe  that  the  affection  belongs  to 
the  fourth  division,  —  making  use  of  emollient 
npplicati(ms.  the  antiphlogistic  treatment,  and 
opiates  to  relieve  pain. 

Paiionvchia,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria — p.  Di- 
gitium,  Digitium. 

PARONYCHIS,  Paronychia. 

PAUOXYCIIITIS,  Paronychia. 

PAUOl'lIOBIA,  Hydrophobia. 

PAROPIA,  Canthus  (lesser.) 

PAROPLEXIA,  Paraplegia. 

PAROP.SIS,  Dysesthesia  visnalis  —  p.  Amau- 
rosis, Ainatirosis  —  p.  Cataracta,  Cataract  —  p. 
Glaucosis,  (JIaucoma  —  p.  Illusoria,  Pseudoblep- 
sia — p.  Lateralis,  Dysnpia  lateralis  —  p.  Longin- 
qua.  Presbytia  —  p.  Lucifuga,  Nyctalopia  —  p. 
Noctifuga,  Ileinoralopia —  p.  Propin(ina,  Myopia 
—  p.  Staphyloma,  Staphyloma.  —  p.  Staphyloma 
pnrulentuiu,  Hypopyon — p.  Staphyloma  simplex, 
HyilrophtlialTnia — p.  Strabismus,  Strabismus  — 
p.  Synezisis.  Synezisis. 

PAROPTE'SrS,  from  raor,  dim.,  and  oirrai^, 
'I  roast.'  Forcing  a  sweat  by  placing  a  patient 
before  the  fire  or  putting  him  in  a  drj'  bath. 

PAUOK.\'SIS,  from  pnm,  and  opuu,  'I  see.' 
Perversion  of  sight,  whirh  (ircvents  the  person 
from  juilging  accurately  of  the  colour  of  objects. 
Avhroiiiiitiip'xiit.      Hallucination. — Galen 

PAKORCHID'IU.M.  from  pnm,  'something 
wrong,'  and  o^^yis,  o/),Y"^of.  '  testicle.'  Any  position 
of  one  or  both  testicles,  <lilTercnt  from  that  which 
they  ouirht  to  occupy  in  the  scrotum  :  —  whether 
they  may  not  have  descended  through  the  abdo- 
minal ring,  or  are  drawn  up  to  the  groins  by  the 
cremaster  muscle. 


PAROR'CHTD  0-ENTEROCE'LE,  Hernia 
p(iror'c/)ii(i>-eiilei'ic<t.  Internal  hernia  compli- 
cated with  displacement  of  the  testicle.  —  Sau- 
vages. 

PAROSMIA,  Anosmia.  Also,  perversion  of 
smell ;  PiacBisllie'iiia  o//iicto'riii,  Olfac'tim  deprn- 
Vd'tiis,  Idiimyncru'siu  ol/acto'rUi,  from  para,  and 
oafjn],  '  odour.' 

PAROS'TIA,  from  napa,  'defectively,'  and 
ooTcov,  'a  bone.'  Bones  untempered  in  their  sub- 
stance, and  incapable  of  afiording  proper  sup- 
port.—  Good. 

Pahostia  Flexilts,  Mollities  ossium — p.  Fra- 
gilis,  Fragilitas  ossium. 

PAROTIA,  Cynanche  parotidaea. 

J'AKO'V'lD,GI(iiid'i(/(i  pai-otide'a  seu  ad  Aures, 
Pdio'lin,  Aiiiiiiet'la,  A/iiiiel'/cB,  Lacticin'id  ;  from 
piiia,  and  ovi,  wros,  'the  ear.'  The  largest  of 
the  salivary  glands,  seated  under  the  ear,  and 
near  the  angle  of  the  lower  jaw.  It  is  composed 
of  many  separate  lobes,  giving  rise  to  excretory 
ducts,  which  unite  to  form  one  canal,  called  the 
Parotid  diivt,  Sleiio's  canal, — the  Ductus  superior 
or  Superior  salivary  caual,  of  some.  This  duct, 
after  having  advanced  horizontally  into  the  sub- 
stance of  the  cheek,  proceeds  through  an  opening 
in  the  buccinator  muscle,  and  terminates  in  the 
mouth  opposite  the  second  upper  molaris.  About 
the  middle  of  its  course,  it  sometimes  receives 
the  excretory  duet  of  a  glandular  body,  situate 
in  its  vicinity,  and  called  the  Ac'ccsHory  Gland 
of  the  Parotid,  So'cia  Parot'idis,  Glaud'ula  ao'cia 
porot'idis.  In  the  substance  of  the  parotid  are 
found— a  number  of  branches  of  the  facial  nerve, 
of  the  transverse  arteries  of  the  face,  and  the 
posterior  auricular.  It  receives,  also,  some  fila- 
ments from  the  inferior  maxillary  nerve,  and 
from  the  ascending  branches  of  the  superficial 
cervical  plexus.  Its  lymphatic  vessels  are  some- 
what numerous,  and  pass  into  ganglions  situate 
at  its  surface  or  behind  the  angle  of  the  jaw. 
The  parotid  secretes  saliva,  and  pours  it  copiously 
into  tfie  mouth. 

Pauotid,  Accessory  Glanr  of  the,  see  Pa- 
rotid. 

Parotid  Apoxruro'sis.  A  slieath  of  great 
thickness,  continuous,  below,  with  the  cervical 
fascia.  It  forms  a  frame-work  to  the  parotid  by 
means  of  fibrous  prolongations  from  its  deep  sur- 
face. Its  density  accounts  for  the  pain  of  paro- 
titis, and  for  the  difficulty  with  which  pus  makes 
its  way  to  the  surface. 

Parotid  Arteries,  see  Parotid  —  p.  Duct,  see 
Parotid  —  p.  Veins,  sec  Parotid. 

PAROTIDE,  Parotis. 

PAROTIDE'AN,  Parottdw'us,CF.)  Parotidien. 
Belonging  or  relating  to  the  parotid. 

PAROTIDITIS,  Cynanche  parotidaa,  Parotis. 

PAROTIDON'CUS,  Tumor puro'tidi><,r.  Glnn'. 
dulcB  piarotide'cR,  from  pnrotix,  and  oyxos,  'a  tu- 
mour.'    Swelling  of  the  parotid. 

P.'\RO'TIS,  P filer/' moiie  parotlde'a,  Tnflnmma'~ 
tio  paro'tidum,  Cytian'che  porotida'n,  Paroti'tis, 
Parotidi'tin,  Dioscu'ri,  (F.)  Parotide,  is  the  name 
of  a  tumour  seated  under  the  ear;  which  is  red- 
dish, hard,  and  attended  with  obtuse  pain  ;  the 
progress  to  suppuration  being  slow  and  difficult. 
Sometimes  it  is  of  a  malignant  character,  slough- 
ing, and  long  protracted.  Some  French  patholo- 
gists restrict  the  term  parotide  to  symptomatic 
parotitis  —  as  to  that  which  occurs  in  plague; 
whilst  they  apply  the  terms  Orei/lous  or  Ourles, 
Parotoiicies,  to  Cynanche  parotidipa  or  Slumps. 

Parotis  Contagiosa,  Cynanche  parotidaea  — 
p.  Epidcmica,  Cynanche   parotidaia  —  p.  Serojo 


PAROTITIS 


682 


TARTURITION 


glutinc  tumens,  Cynancbe  parotideea — p.  Spuria, 
Cyiianehe  parotid;ea. 

PAROTITIS,  Cynanche  parotidaea,  Parotis  — 
p.  Epidemica,  Cynanche  parotidaea  —  p.  Erysipe- 
latosa,  Cynanche  parotidasa  —  p.  Polymor|)ha, 
Cynanche  parotidaea  —  p.  Specifica,  Cynanche 
parotidaea. 

PAROTONCTES,  see  Parotis. 

PAROVA'RIUM,  properly  ParoH'n'on ;  Cor- 
pns'enlum  con'iciim  RvseiimiiUeri,  from  para,  and 
(vaptov,  '  the  ovary.'  A  body  closely  analogous  in 
structure  to  the  epididymis,  which  is  seated  be- 
tween the  Fallopian  tube  and  the  ovary  in  the 
broad  ligament.  The  Corpus  WolfBanum  con- 
curs in  its  formation.  —  Kobelt. 

PAROXYN'TIC,  Paroxyn'ticus^  (F.)  Paroxyn- 
tiqtie,  from  Trapo^woj,  '  I  excite.'  Relating  to  a 
paroxysm. 

Join-s  paroryntiques  are  days  on  which  parox- 
ysms take  place. 

PAR'OXYSM,  Paroxys'mus,  from  n-apo^uvo), 
(irapa,  and  o^wciv,  'to  render  sharp.')  'I  irri- 
tate;' liii'petiis,  IiiKid'tut,  liiva'sio,  Exacerha'tio, 
Acces'sio,  Acrei'stiy,  (Old  Erig.)  Axes,  (F.)  Ex- 
neerhatioii,  Redoublemeiit,  Acces.  The  augmenta- 
tion which  supervenes  at  equal  or  unequal  inter- 
vals in  the  symptoms  of  acute  diseases.  Also,  a 
periodical  exacerbation  or  fit  of  a  disease. 

PAROXYS'MAL,  Paroxynnn'Us ;  same  ety- 
mon. (F.)  ParoxyitiquK.  Of  or  belonging  to  a 
paroxysm; — as  a  paroxynnial  day,  (F.)  Jotir 
paroxyatique ;  a  day  on  which  a  paroxysm  of 
disease  occurs. 

PAROXYSM  US  FEBRILIS,  Pyrexia. 

PAROXYSTIQ LIE,  Paroxysmal. 

PARS,  Genital  organs  —  p.  Corporis,  Genital 
organs  —  p.  Inferior  Pedis,  Sole  —  p.  Intermedia, 
see  Corpus  spongiosum  urethras — p.  Mastoidea 
of  Temporal  Bone,  Mastoid  process  —  p.  Natu- 
ralis  medicinae,  Physiology — p.  Obscwna,  Genital 
organs — p.  Petrosa,  see  Temporal  Bone — p.  Prima 
asperaj  arteria^,  Larynx  —  p.  Pyramidalis  ossis 
temporis,  see  Temporal  Bone  —  p.  Squamosa,  see 
Temporal  Bone  —  p.  Urethras  membranacea,  see 
Urethra  —  p.  Vaga,  Pneumogastric  —  p.  Virilis, 
Penis. 

PARSLEY,  COMMON,  Apium  petroselinum— 
p.  Fool's,  ^thusa  cynapium  —  p.  Macedonian, 
Bubon  Macedonioum — p.  Mountain,  black,  Atha- 
manta  aureoselinum  —  p.  Poison.  Conium  macu- 
latum  —  p.  Spotted,  Conium  maculatum  —  p.  Wa- 
ter, Cicuta  maculata. 

PARSNEP,  COW,  Heracleum  spondylium, 
Heracleum  lanatum — p.  Crow,  Leontodon  tarax- 
acum— p.  Garden,  Pastinaca  sativa — p.  Meadow, 
Thaspium  Barbinode  —  p.  Water,  common,  Slum 
latifolium. 

PART,  see  Parturition — p.  Legitime  et  ille- 
gitime,  see  Parturition. 

PARTES  GENERATION!  INSERVIEN- 
TES,  Genital  organs  —  p.  Genitales,  Genital  or- 
gans— -p.  Laterales  nasi,  Scapulae  nasi — p.  Ner- 
vosae,  see  Nerve  —  p.  Obscceuifi,  Genital  organs. 

PARTHENEIA,  Virginity. 

PARTHENIUM  FEBRIFUGUM,  Matricaria 
—  p.  Mas,  Tanaeetum. 

PARTHEN'IUS  (Jforbnn);  from  naodevoi,  'a 
virgin.'  A  disease  in  a  young  female.  Also, 
chlorosis. 

PARTHENOGEN'ESIS,  'virgin  birth  :'  from 
rapdcvos.  'a  virgin,'  and  yeveac^,  'generation.' 
The  successive  production  of  procreating  indi- 
viduals from  a  single  ovum,  without  any  renewal 
of  fertilization.  —  Owen. 

PARTHENOL'OGY,     Parthenolof'ia,     from 


T:audivtia,  'virginity,'  and  ^oyo^,  'a  dosoripfion.' 
A  description  or  consideration  of  the  state  uf  vir- 
ginity in  health  or  disease. 

PARTJIENUS,  Virgin. 

PARTIALIS,  Local. 

PARTICLES,  PRIMITIVE,  OF  MUSCLES, 
Sarcous  Elements. 

PARTICULiE  SANGUINIS,  Globules  of  the 
blood. 

PARTIES,  LES,  Genital  organs—;).  Orni- 
talcs.  Genital  organs — p.  IIo)iteiiHen,  Genital  or- 
gans— ;).  Geiiitoirea,  Genital  organs — p.  Nitlii- 
relles,  Genital  organs — p.  Nahlcii,  Genital  organs 
—  7).  SexiieUen,  Genital  organs. 

PARTIO,  Parturition. 

PARTRIDGE-BERRY,  Gaultheria,  Mitcliella 
repens. 

PARTS,  THE,  Genital  organs. 

PARTURA,  Parturition. 

PARTU'RIENT.  I'artn'rienn,  from  pnrtin-iro, 
partiiritiiDi,  itself  from  parei-e,  '  to  bring  forth.' 
Bringing  forth,  or  about  to  bring  forth,  or  having 
recently  brought  forth  young. 

The  Parturient,  Piier'peroiin,  Childbed  or  Ly- 
iiig-in  or  Lyiiirf-down  state,  Coiijiiieiiiriil,  Piicrpe'- 
riiiiii,  generally  comprises  the  period  from  partu- 
rition to  perfect  recovery,  which  is  usually  a 
month.  In  the  north  of  England  this  is  called 
the  stetf-wonth,  requires  careful  management,  and 
is  subject  to  various  diseases. 

A  Partn'rieiit  or  Partiirifa'cient  is  a  medicine 
which  induces  or  promotes  labour;  as  ergot,  and, 
perhaps  borate  of  soda.      See  Abortive. 

PARTURIFACIENT,  Parturient. 

PARTURIGO.  Parturition. 

PARTURIT"ION,  Puerpe'rium,  Partus,  Par. 
tio,  J'artiirit"io,  Parttiri'ijo,  Purtn'rii,  Tocos, 
To'cetns,  Texis,  Lochi'n,  Apocye'sis,  Mmeii'sis, 
3[aien'sia,  Nego'tiiim  seu  Aftus  partnritio'iiis, 
Eiiix'iis  seu  Enix'io  seu  Expid'sio  fa-ttis,  ApoV- 
ysis.  Status  partiirieii'di,  Delir'ert/,  Labour,  Cliild- 
'bearing.  Child-birth,  Birth,  Trav'ail,  {Su.)  Child- 
ill,  Crying,  Crying  out,  (F.)  Aceouchemeut,  Couche, 
Travail  d' Eiifaut,  Enfauteruent.  Same  etymon  as 
Parturient.  The  act  of  delivery  of  the  feetus  and 
its  appendages,  also  the  state  during  and  iuimc- 
diately  after  delivery — Childbed,  (Sc.j  Gizzen- 
bed,  Gizzen,  see  Parturient.  Labour  is  the  ne- 
cessary consequence  of  conception,  pregnaniy, 
and  the  completion  of  gestation.  It  does  n(it 
take  place,  at  the  full  time,  until  after  nine  months 
of  utero-gestation, — the  causes  producing  it  being 
the  contraction  of  the  uterus  and  abdominal 
muscles.  By  different  authors,  the  stages  of 
labour  have  been  variously  divided.  We  may, 
perhaps,  admit  of  four.  The  first  stage  comprises 
the  precursory  signs.  One,  two,  or  three  days 
before  labour,  a  mucous  discharge,  streaked  with 
blood,  takes  place  from  the  vagina,  which  is 
called  the  Signum,  Leucorrhve'a  Nabo'llii,  Ilamor- 
rhag"ia  Nahothi,  Labour-show,  or  ShouT ;  and, 
along  with  this,  trifling  grinding  pains,  called  by 
the  French  3Iouches,  are  felt  in  the  loins  and  ab- 
domen. Second  stage: — Peculiar  pains,  which 
extend  from  the  lumbar  regicm  towards  the 
uterus  ;  tension  and  dilatation  of  the  neck  and 
orifice  of  that  organ  ;  protrusion  into  the  vagina 
of  the  envelopes  of  the  foetus,  forming  the  hag  of 
waters,  (F.)  Poche  des  eaux  ;  and  rupture  or 
breaking  of  the  waters.  Third  stage  : — Contrac- 
tions of  the  uterus  and  abdominal  muscles; 
forcing  pains;  the  hea<l  of  the  foetus  becomes  en- 
gaged in  the  pelvis  :  the  occiput  being  commonly 
situate  above  the  left  acetabulum,  passes  beneath 
the  arch  of  the  pubis.  Fourth  stage: — the  head 
now  presents  at  the  vulva,  the  perineum  being 


rARTURlTION 


683 


PARTURITION 


conp'ulerably  distended  ;  at  length  it  clears  the 
externiil  part.",  and  the  rest  of  the  body  is  easily 
di^enj^aged.  The  child  still  continues  attached  to 
the  mother  by  the  umbilical  cord,  which  has  to 
be  divided.  In  the  course  of  tifteen  or  twenty 
minutes,  triflin"  pains  occur,  and  the  secundines 
are  expelled.  This  completes  delivery — the  birth, 
(F.)  Naimiaiice  of  the  child.  In  by  far  the 
innjority  of  cases,  the  head  is  the  presentinj;  part, 
the  occiput  directed  anteriorly,  and  the  face  pos- 
teriorly. Of  12,6:53  chililren,  born  at  the  Hos- 
pital L(i  31<ilentlle,  in  Paris,  from  the  10th  of 
December,  1797,  to  the  31st  of  July,  1806,  the 
following  were  the  presentations  : 


The  head,  with  the  face  posteriorly...  12,120 

The  head  anteriorly 63 

The  breech 198 

The  feet 147 

The  knees 3 

Other  positions 102 

12,033 

The  following  table,  drawn  up  from  data  fur- 
nished by  Velpeau,  gives  an  approximate  view 
of  the  comparative  number  of  presentations,  ac- 
cording to  the  experience  of  the  individuals  men- 
tioned : 


TABLE,  EXHIBITING  THE  RATIO  OF  PRESENTATIONS  IN  1000  CASES. 


Ilcirular  or  of  the  vertex.... 

I.  Occipito-aritrrior 

a.  Occipito-cotyloid  (left)..., 

Do.  (right) 

b.  Occipito  puliian 

II.  Occipil'i-piixtf.rinr 

a.  Fronto-rotyloid  (left) 

l>.  Do.  (rij^ht)  . 

Face  presentation... 

Men  to-iliac  (riglit) 

Of  the  pelvis 

Of  tlie  foot  

Of  tlic  knees 

Of  the  breech 

Of  ttie  trunk  

Kecjulring  Forceps 

"  Turning 

"  Cephalotomy 


ACCORDING   TO 

Merri- 

Madame 

Hospital 

Bland. 

lioivin. 

Lacha- 
pelle. 

Nagele. 

Lovati. 

of  Ihe 
Faculte. 

Boer. 

92-1 

944 

9fi9 

933 

933 

911 

980 

908 

944 

TOO 

179 
029 
9-4 
5-3 
4-4 

910 
717 
209 

9 
7-3 

2'9 

895 
637 

22 

2-6 

36 

4-6 
2-6 

8-8 

30 

28 

29 

36 

47 

29 

12-7 

9-4 

019 

14 

0.40 

10-3 

23 

13 

IS 
4-6 

22 
6-3 

4-8 

19 

G-6 

4-7 

4-6 

3-4 

36 

5-7 

16 

4-7 

7-8 

7-2 

5-9 

3-3 

5-2 

4-77 

0-53 

2-4 

1-5 

Labour  has  received  different  names,  according 
to  the  period  of  pregnancy  at  which  it  occurs,  and 
the  mode  in  which  it  takes  place.  It  is  called 
mhear't-iiiye  or  ahni-'tinn,  prior  to  the  seventh 
month;  prem'ature  labour,  Omotoc'in,  Partus  pre- 
cox seu  prmnHitu'ruD,  between  this  and  eight 
months  and  a  half;  and  labour  at  the  full  period, 
(F.)  Aecoiiehemeitt  d  teriiie,  when  it  happens  at 
the  end  of  nine  months.  Labours  have  likewise 
been  variously  divided  by  different  authors.  Per- 
haps the  one  into  Nat'uml,  J'reteniat'iirai,  and 
Labo'rioiin,  is  as  common  as  any;  —  natiinil  La- 
bour meaning  that  wljich  would  occur  without 
manual  assistance  ;  preleriiaturaf,  requiring  the 
assistance  of  art,  but  by  the  hand  solely:  and 
luborioiis  or  iiiHtrumen'tal,  requiring  instrumental 
assistance;  which  M.  Capuron  calls  Aeeoiicliemeiit 
Ilechaiiiqiie.     Powerless    labour,  the  luertie  jiar 


epKiiement  of  Madame  Lachapelle,  is  that  in 
which  the  muscular  powers  from  exhaustion  are 
unable  to  accomplish  such  delivery.   ' 

Forced  labour  or  parturition,  (F.)  Aecottche- 
vieiit  ou  Avortenieiit  provoque.  is  labour  or  abortion, 
induced  by  art.  When  labour  is  accompanied 
with  other  phenomena  of  a  deranging  character, 
it  is  said  to  be  coiiip/icated.  When  the  child,  even 
when  reduced  in  size,  cannot  pass,  it  is  termed 
imprac'ticable,  &c.     See  Dystocia. 

The  French  use  the  term  Part,  Partus,  at 
times,  synonymously  with  delivery  ;  at  others, 
with  fa'lus,  Jiaicn'ma,  Maeii'ma.  Suppression 
dc  part  means  concealment  of  delivery:  Part 
le(/iiinie,  a  foetus  which  comes  into  the  world  with 
the  con  lition  necessary  for  its  enjoying  advan- 
tages granted  by  law;  and  Part  illeyitime,  one 
that  does  not  fall  under  those  conditions. 


TABLE  OF  THE  COURSE  AND  M.-VNAGEMENT  OF  DIFFERENT  KINDS  OP 

LABOURS. 


I.  Natdbal  Labours. 


nr.\I)  PnEStNTINO. 

(Fhur  rusilions.) 


Occiput  Imvards  the  Left 
AcelahiUum. 


Occiput  tmcards  the  Sight 
Acetabulum. 


3.  Occiput  tnwardsthe  Sight 
Sacro-Uiac  Symphysis. 


4.  Occiput  towards  the  Left 
Sacro-iliac  Symphysis. 


Or  those  in  ichich  Delivery  can  be  effected  ipithout  Assistance. 

The  head  with  the  chin  bent  upon  the  breast  clears  the 
brim  of  the  pelvis.  .Motion  of  rotation  produced  by  the 
inclined  planes  of  the  pelvis:  the  occipital  protuberance 
is  carried  behind  the  .symphysis  pubis,  and  the  face 
towards  the  liollow  of  the  .sacrum. 

The  head  attains  the  outlet:  clears  it;  the  occiput  being 
first  disengaged,  and  the  face  afterwards,  which  passes 
successively  along  the  whole  of  the  hollow  of  the 
sacrum.  The  shoulders  enter  the  brim  diagonally; 
and  execute  the  movement  of  rotation.  The  one  be- 
hind first  clears  the  outlet.  The  same  thing  occurs 
with  the  nates. 

The  same  course  is  here  followed :  except  that  after  the 
rotary  movement,  the  face  passes  behind  the  symphysis 
pubis,  and  the  occiput  into  the  hollow  of  the  s.icrum. 
The  occiput  is  first  extruded  : — the  face  next. 

fflien  the  chin  presents  and  is  turned  forwards,  the 
face  is  first  expelled :  the  head  is  thrown  backwards. 
This  presentation  is  uncommon.  If  the  chin  present 
and  be  thrown  backwards,  natural  delivery  cannot  be 
elTected. 


PARTURITION 


684 


PARTURITION 


Natural  Labours. — Continued. 


Lower     Extremi- 
ty   Presenting 

(i^)!(r  Positions  of  < 
the   Feel.  Knees, 
and  Braxh.) 


1.  Heel.  Tibt'a,  nr  Sacrum  to- 
wards tiieleft  Acetabulum. 


2.  Ileel.  Tibia,  nr  Sacrum  to- 
wards the  Right  Acetabur 
lum. 

3.  Heel,  Tibia,  nr  Sacrrum  to- 
wards Oie  Right  Sacro- 
iliac Symphysis. 

4.  Ilee],  tibia,  or  Sacrum  to- 
wards the  Left  Sacro-iliac 
Symphysis. 


The  nates  outer  the  brim  <lii\';onally:  moToment  of  rota- 
tion: the  one  passes  lieliiiiil  the  syin)ihv.-is  puhis;  the 
otlier  towards  the  liollow  of  the  sacrum.  The  one  be- 
hind is  lirst  extruded. 

The  same  thinj;  liappeus  to  the  shoulder.s.  The  cliin  is 
bent  upon  the  chest  to  clear  the  liriui :  movement  of 
rotation :  the  occiput  passes  behind  the  symphjsia 
puliis.  and  the  face  towards  the  liollow  of  tlie  sacrum. 
The  face  clears  the  outlet  first;  the  occiput  last. 

The  same  projrress,  except  that  after  the  movement  of 
rotation,  the  face  is  towards  the  pubis,  and  the  occiput 
towards  the  sacrum.  The  face  is  here  aguiu  delivered 
first. 


I.  Presentation  of  tre 
Head,  Upper  E.xtremi- 
TiES,  Back,  Abdomen, 
&c. 


II.  Preternatural  Labours, 


Or  those  which  require  Manual  Aisiiitance  only. 


1.  When  the  labour  is  without  any  serious  complication,  and  the  head  is  not 
in  a  good  position  at  the  brim  of  the  pelvis,  endeavours  are  to  be  made  to 
place  it  in  its  natural  position:  the  hand  to  be  introduced  with  the  fingers 
united,  and  the  long  diameter  of  the  head  to  be  placed  diagonally  in  the 
brim,  if  possible.  Or  the  lever  may  be  fixed  over  the  occiput,  and.  by  draw- 
ing it  down,  a  closer  approximation  of  the  chin  and  chest  may  be  effected; 
the  position  of  the  head  to  the  pelvis  being  at  the  same  time  attended  to. 

2.  If  complicated  with  syncope,  convulsions,  hemorrhage,  want  of  uterine 
action,  &c.,  the  feet  must  bo  laid  hold  of.  and  the  child  turned.  For  this 
purpose,  empty  tho  rectum  and  bladder;  and  turn,  if  possible,  prior  to  the 
escape  of  the  liquor  amnii.  The  female  may  be  placed  on  her  back  or  left 
side,  with  the  breech  over  the  edge  of  the  bed.  Use  the  right  or  left  hand, 
according  as  the  feet  of  the  child  are  to  the  right  or  left  side  of  the  pelvis; 
always  so  introducing  the  hand,  that  the  child  shall  be  in  its  palm,  and  the 
back  of  the  hand  opposed  to  the  inner  surface  of  the  uterus.  The  hand  and 
arm  to  be  introduced  during  an  interval  of  pain:  and  they  must  be  flattened 
and  tr<>nquil  whilst  the  uterus  is  contracting  forcibly.  If  both  feet  cannot 
be  readily  brought  down,  seize  one,  and  tie  a  fillet  around  it. 

3.  If  the  toes  point  to  the  vertebral  column,  or  to  the  abdomen  of  the  mother, 
the  head,  in  its  descent,  will  not  enter  the  pelvis:  the  chin  and  occiput  will 
l)e  hitched  on  the  pubis  and  promontory  of  the  sacrum.  In  such  case,  grasp 
the  nates  as  soon  as  they  have  passed  the  os  externum;  and,  during  a  pain, 
endeavour  to  direct  the  toivs  towards  either  sacro-iliacsynchondrosis.  When 
the  fingers  can  be  passed  along  the  body  of  the  child,  and  over  the  shoulders 
to  the  bend  of  the  elbows,  draw  down  the  arms  successively.  When  the  body 
is  expelled,  and  the  heail  filling  up  tho  brim,  the  termination  of  lalxiur  must 

I       be  accelerated  by  passing  two  fingers  over  the  shoulder  of  the  child;  using 

I       moderate  and  steady  extracting  power,  whilst  one  finger  of  the  other  hand, 
pas.sed  into  the  mouth,  depresses  the  chin  on  the  sternum.    In  this  way,  the 
l_      head  may  be  extracted. 


General  Observations. 


1.  Short  Forceps. 


2.  Long  Forceps . 


3.  Leuer  or  Vectia . 


4.  Fillet  and  Blunt  Iloolc . 


III.  Instrumental  Labours, 
Or  those  requiring  the  Assistance  of  appro2>riate  Instruments. 


f  If  the  pains  become  feeble,  or  inadequate  from  any  cause; — or  if  the  presenting 
part  be  firmly  wedged  in  the  pelvis;  or  the  woman  be  becoming  exhausted, 
instrumental  assistance  may  be  required.  In  all  such  cases,  place  the  female 
on  the  back  or  left  side,  empty  the  bladder  and  rectum ;  wait  till  the  ns  uteri 
is  in  a  fit  state;  afford  assistance  during  the  pains;  introduce  the  instrument 
during  the  intervals  between  the  pains:  have  the  patient  on  her  left  side 
(generally);  and  extract  according  to  the  axes  of  brim  and  outlet,  as  the  case 
may  be. 
Apply  these  to  the  sides  of  the  head  of  the  child,  so  that  the  ears  and  parietal 
protuberances  may  be  within  the  fenestra?.  Introduce  the  left-hand  blade 
first:  the  index  and  middle  fingers  of  the  right  hand  guiding  it  to  the  ear. 
With  the  right  hand  pass  the  other  in  an  op|iosite  line,  corresponding  with 
the  course  of  the  first  blade,  guided  by  the  fore  and  middle  fingers  of  the  left 
hand;  the  third  and  little  fingers  being  employed  to  retain  the  left-hand  bifidc 
in  place:  humour  the  instrument  so  as  to  allow  the  blades  to  lock.  The 
handles  may  now  be  tied  gently  together.  The^orce  used  must  be  from  blade 
to  blade,  with  a  gentle,  tractile  effort. 
Applicable  where  the  head  does  not  enter  the  brim.  The  long  forceps  must  be 
applied,  in  most  cases,  over  the  occiput  and  face  of  the  child,  so  that  the 
convex  edges  of  the  blades  may  be  towards  the  hollow  of  the  sacrum. 
When  u.sed,  the  power  may  be  exerted  from  side  to  side,  with  moderate 
tra<'tion. 

(  The  lever  is  applicable  to  the  same  cases  as  the  forcep.s.    It  must  not  lie  used 
-<       strictl}'  ,as  a  lever,  but  as  a  hook  with  which  to  draw  downwards.    It  may  be 

(      applied  to  any  part  of  the  head,  but  is  generally  hitched  on  the  occiput. 
In  certain  cases  of  breech  and  knee  presentation,  where  the  hand  is  insufficient, 
it  may  be  necessary  to  pass  over  the  joint  a  fillet,  or  the  blunt  hook,  with 
which  to  exert  some  force  of  traction.    The  operation  is  very  simple. 


PARTURITION,  DRY 


685 


PASSIVE 


Embrtulcia  . 


Stmphysotomt     and 
SAREAN  Section. 


C^- 


Sei'aration  op  the  Head 
of  tfib  f(etu3  from  the 
Body. 


Indcction 
Labour. 


OP    Premature 


Instrumental  Labours. — Continued. 

Disproportionate  size  of  head,  or  distorted  or  deformed  pelvis,  may  require  the 
child  to  be  destroyed,  and  its  bulk  lest-ened;  or  IheCwsarcan  section  or  sym- 
physotomy,  or  the  induction  of  premature  labour  may  be  called  for. 
The  instruments  required  here,  are  the  I'arfuraUir.  Crnldiet.  and  Crunintnmy 
Forceps.     Make  a  steady  pressure  on  the  aodomen;  pass  two  finpcrs  of  the 
left  hand  up  to  the  head:  feel  lor  a  suture  or  fontaiicUe;  introduce  the  per- 
forator and  bore  throu(;h,  until  theprO(;ress  of  the  instrunitat  is  arrested  by 
its  s/i'itildcrs.    Open  the  handles,  and  turn  the  instrument  in  different  direc- 
tions, so  that  the  opening  may  be  large  enough  to  admit  the  perforator,  with 
I       which  the  brain  must  be  broken  down. 
If,  after  this,  delivery  cannot  be  accomplished  without  further  aid,  pass  up  the 
craniotomy   forceps;   open   ihe   handles  slis:htly,  and  introduc*  the   blade 
without  teeth  within  the  cranium.     On  closinj;  the  forceps,  a  hold  is  obtained ; 
and  a  tractile  force  can  now  be  exerted  during  the  pains,  and  tlie  extrusion 
of  the  child  be  effected. 
Should  great  difficulty  exist  at  the  brim,  the  bones  at  the  top  of  the  head  may 
have  to  be  removed,  until  the  base  alone  remains.    The  chin  must  then  be 
brought  through  first. 
The  crotchet  is  often  used  instead  of  the  craniotomy  forceps,  being  passed  into 
the  otiening  made  by  the  perforator,  and  hooked  upon  some  bony  projection 
in  the  interior  of  the  skull ;  but  it  is  not  a  good  instrument.     In  presentations 
of  the  face  demanding  perforation  of  the  cranium,  the  perforator  should  be 
introduced  just  above  the  nose,  in  the  .sagittal  suture. 
When  it  is  neces.sary  to  open  the  head  after  the  lower  extremities  have  been 
l_      expelled,  the  perforation  must  l>e  made  behind  the  ear. 

(  In  cases  of  great  narrowness  of  the  pelvis,  the  operation  of  Symphijxotomy  has 
i       been  adopted  by  French  practitioners, — rarely  by  British  or  American  ;  and, 
(^      in  extreme  cases,  recourse  has  been  had  to  the  Opsarean  SectUm. 
If  the  body  of  the  foetus  has  been  forcibly  separated,  aud  the  head  left  in  the 
uterus,  it  must  be  laid  hold  of  with  one  hand,  and  the  forceps  be  applied  ;  or 
the  head  be  opened  and  delivered,  as  under  emhryulcia.     Should  the  head 
have  been  brought  away,  and  the  body  left  behind,  the  feet  must  be  brought 
down. 
"  In  cases  of  narrowness  of  the  pelvis,  where  the  fjetus,  at  the  full  term,  cannot 
be  born  alive,  delivery  may  be  brought  about  at  an  earlier  period,  or  as  soon 
as  the  child  is  capaljle  of  carrying  on  its  functions  independently  of  the 
motlier. 
The  most  advisable  plan  for  accomplishing  Uiis  object  is  merely  to  pass  the 

i       finger  round  and  round  within  the  os  and  cervix  uteri,  so  as  to  detach  the 
decidua; — the  membranes  lieing  thus  left  entire,  and  the  life  of  the  child  not 
so  much  endangered,  as  where  the  membranes  are  punctured,  and  the  waters 
[      evacuated.     Parturition  usually  follows  within  forty-eight  hours. 


The  laying  of  oggs  by  animals  is  termed,  in 
French,  paife.  The  term  has  been  applied  to  the 
periodical  discharge — poiile  periodiqne.  —  of  ova, 
(F.)  Chute  (leu  (Enfx,  which  is  supposed  to  take 
place  from  the  ovaries  at  each  meitstrual  period. 

PARTURITIOX,  DRY.  partus  siccus. 

PARTURIUM  VANUM,  Fnnxse  couche. 

PARTUS,  Parturition  —  p.  Abactio,  Abortion 
—  p.  Abactus,  Abortion — p.  Ciesareus,  Cesarean 
section  —  p.  DifRcilis,  Dystocia  —  p.  Laboriosus, 
Dystocia,  Laborious  labour  —  p.  Prpecox,  Partu- 
rition (premature) — p.  Pra3maturus,  Parturition 
(premature) — p.  Serotinus,  Opsiotocia. 

Partus  Siccus,  Bry  liib<»ir  or  parturition. 
Labour,  which  is  neither  preceded  nor  attended 
by  a  discharge  of  the  liquor  amnii. 

PARU'LIS,  from  para,  and  ov\ov,  'the  gum.' 
ApoKte'ma  pnriilis  seu  pnroidix,  Fhleg'mnue  Pn- 
r.tlis,  Gum  Boil,  Alve'olnr  abscein.  Small  ab- 
scesses are  so  called  which  generally  form  in  the 
alveoli  and  involve  the  gums,  soniotimes  with- 
out any  known  cause,  but  which  often  depend 
upon  carious  teeth. 

PARU'RIA,  from  pnra,  and  ovpeui,  'I  pa.ss 
urine.'     Morbid  secretion  or  discharge  of  urine.^ 

Pariikia  Incontinrxs,  Enuresis  —  p.  Tnconti- 
nens  aquosa,  see  Diabetes — p.  Inops,  Ischuria, 
false  — p.  Mellita.  Diabetes  — p.  Retentionis,  Is- 
churia— p.  Retentionis  renalis,  Ischuria — p.  Re- 
tentionis vesicalis,  Retention  of  urine  —  p.  Stil- 
latitia,  Strangury  —  p.  Stillatitia  mucosa,  Cystir- 
rhoea. 

PARVITAS  MORBOSA  PARTIUM  OR- 
GANirARUM.  Microtesia. 

PAR'YtiRON,  from  pnni.  and  'vypoi,  'humid.' 
A  liquid  or  moist  preparation  for  allaying  topical 
inflammation. 

PAS  D'AXE,  Tussilngo. 

P\SMA.  Catapasina. 

PaSQI'K  FLOWER,  Anemone  Pulsatilla. 


PASSA,  Paronychia. 

PASS^  CORINTHIAC^,  see  Vitis  Corin- 
thiaca. 

PASSAGES,  DIGESTIVE,  Ways,  digestive 
— p.  Second,  Ways,  second. 

PASSAMBIO.Rio  vinaigro. 

PASSE-PIERRE,  Crithmum  maritimum. 

PASSEHAGE,  Iberis  amara — p.  Saitvaye,  Car- 
damine  pratensis. 

PASSIHILITY,  GREAT.  Ilvpcrfesthesis. 

PASSIFLO'RA  LAURIFO'LIA,  D<ni-lenverl 
PitxsioH  Flower.  Orel.  Passifioreiie.  A  native 
of  Surinam.  The  fruit  has  a  delicious  smell  and 
flavour,  and  quenches  thirst,  abates  heat  of  the 
stomach,  increases  the  appetite,  Ac. 

Passifi.ora  Mai.ikor'mis,  Apple-shnped  Gm- 
nadil'lu.  The  fruit  of  this  species  is  esteemed  a 
delicacy  in  the  West  Indies,  where  it  is  served 
up  at  table  in  desserts. 

Some  of  the  genus  are  said  to  possess  narcotic 
and  emetic  properties. 

P.VSSIO,  Disease,  Passion — p.  j^moptoiea, 
Huemoptysis — p.  Cadiva,  Epilepsy — p.  Cardiaca, 
Cardialgia  —  p.  Coeliaca,  Creliac  flu.x  —  p.  Chole- 
rica,  Cholera — p.  Felliflua.  Cholera — p.  IIiBinop- 
toica.  Haemoptysis  —  p.  Ilypochondriaca,  Hypo- 
chondriasis—  p.  Hysterica,  Hysteria — p.  Iliaca, 
Ileus — p.  Ischiadic.i,  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitaja 
—  p.  Ple'uritica,  Pleuritis — p.  Stomachica,  Dys- 
pepsia—  p.  Ventriculosa,  Coeliac  flux  —  p.  Vomi- 
coflna.  Phthisis  pulinonalis. 

PASSION,  Pos'sio,  Au'imi  Pathe'ma,  Affec'tint, 
Eino'tio,  from  p<itiiir, pnxxiis,  'to  suffer.'  An  active 
affection  or  emotion  of  the  mind ;  as  rage,  ter- 
ror, love,  hatred,  Ac. 

Passion  Flowkr,  Bay-leaved,  Passifloralau- 
rifolia— ;>.  Hi/nteriipie,  Hysteria— p.  Iliac,  Ileus. 

PASSIONES  ANIMI,' Affections  of  the  mind. 

PASSIVE,  Panni'viis.  Same  etymon  as  Pas- 
sion.    An  epithet  for  diseases  which  seem  owing 


PASSUL.E    MAJORES 


6  8  0 


TATELL A 


to  a  greater  or  less  diininution  of  the  strength, 
or  which  are  without  apparent  reaction.  Thus, 
passive  hemorrhages  are  such  as  supervene  in 
debil'tated  individuals,  or  under  conditions  in 
whicli  increased  action  of  the  arteries  can  scarcely 
he  presumed.  The  term  pa^nive  has,  also,  been 
given  to  aneurisms  of  the  heart  with  extenuation 
of  the  parietes  ;  in  opposition  to  ac^('«e  aneurisms, 
with  thickness  of  the  parietes  —  hypertrophy. 

PASSUL^  AIAJORES,  see  Vitis  vinifera  — 
p.  Minores,  see  Vitis  Corinthiaca. 

PASSULA'TUM,  {Uva  panna,  'raisins,  dried 
grapes.')  A  medicine  in  which  the  pulp  of  raisins 
is  a  cliief  ingredient. 

PASSY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  This  vil- 
lage is  in  the  vicinity  of  Paris  There  are  seve- 
ral springs,  containing  sulphates  of  lime,  iron, 
and  magnesia,  alum,  common  salt,  carbonate  of 
iron,  carbonic  acid,  <fec.  They  are  employed  as 
a  tonic  and  astringent. 

PASTA  DE  ALTH^A,  Paste,  marshmallow 
—  p.  Amygdalina,  Confection  (almond)  —  p.  de 
Dactylis,  Paste,  date  —  p.  Emulsiva,  Confection 
(almond)  —  p.  de  Jujubis,  Paste  of  jujubes — p. 
Regia,  Confection  (almond). 

Pasta  GLYCYRUHi'ZyE  Gumma'ta  et  Anisa'ta 
seu  Mussn  de  extractn  gljjcyrrhi'zw.  A  compound 
of  extract  of  liquorice,  (/iim  Senegtil,  Kiitjar,  Flo- 
rence orria-root,  and  volatile  oil  of  aniseed.  De- 
mulcent. 

Pasta  Zinci  Chlo'ridi,  (F.)  Pdte  de  Canqnoin, 
Paste  of  Chloride  of  Zitic,  Canqtmiu's  Caustic 
Paste.  This  paste  is  made  of  three  strengths, 
consisting,  respectively,  of  chloride  of  ziiw,  1 
part;  joAeaieu //ok?-,  parts  4,  .3  and  2  ;  water  suffi- 
cient to  make  a  paste.  This  caustic  destroys  the 
part  in  a  direct  ratio  with  the  thickness  of  the 
laj'er  applied. 

PASTE,  Pasta,  (F.)  Pale.  A  viscid,  tenacious 
mixture.  Also,  a  compound  medicine,  like  the 
pastil,  but  less  consistent,  flexible,  less  saccha- 
rine, and  more  mucilaginous. 

A  convenient  paste  for  attaching  labels  to  glass, 
or  for  other  services,  is  made  of  (jnni  tragacaiith 
and  loater.to  which  aluni  is  added.  This  the  author 
always  keeps  by  him.  Another  form  is  to  make  a 
solution  of  Gum  Arabic,  ^j,  hoiliuii  water,  f,^ij, 
and  glycerin,  f^ij  ;  and  another  is  made  by  tqixing 
powdered  Gum  Arahir,  axuX  powdered  trayacauth, 
of  each  ^S9,  water,  f^iss,  acetic  acid.  TTLxx. 

Pastb,  Cagliari,  see  Turuiidse  Italicae. 

Paste  op  Chloride  op  Zinc,  Pasta  Zinci 
chloridi. 

Pastu,  Date,  Jfassa  seu  Pasta  de  dac'tylis. 
Composed  of  dates,  sugar,  gum  Arabic,  water,  and 
orinige-Jlotcer  icater. — Ph.  P.      Demulcent. 

Paste  of  Iceland  Moss,  Pasta  Liche'nis,  (P.) 
Pdte  de  lichen.  A  paste  made  by  boiling  lichen 
Islandicus  to  a  proper  consistence,  and  adding 
gum  Arabic  and  sugar. 

The  Pdte  de  Lichen  opiacee  contains  opium  in 
addition  ;  about  Jd  of  a  grain  to  an  ounce. 

Paste,  Italian,  see  Turundae  Italiese. 

Paste  op  Ju'jubes,  Pasta  de  ju'jubis,  Maasa. 
de  zlzyphii'ruui  fructil,  (F.)  Pdledc  Jujube.  Com- 
posed <)f  Jujubes,  gum  Senegal,  sugar,  water,  and 
tinrliire  of  lemon-])eel.     Demulcent. 

Paste,  Marshmal'i.ow,  Massa  de  gummi 
Arah'tco,  Pasta  de  altha'd,  (F.)  Pdte  de  Gui- 
viinive.  A  compound  oi  gum  Arabic,  sugar,  white 
"f  ^'.I'.h  '^^^  orange-jUnoer  water. — Ph.  P.  It  is 
demulcent. 

Paste,  Tooth,  Dentifricium  —  p.  Vienna,  see 
Powder,  Vienna  —  p.  AA'ard's,  Confectio  piperis 
nigri. 

PASTEL,  Isatis  tinctoria. 

PASTEQUE,  Cucurbita  citrullu.s. 

PASTIL,  Puetil'lua,  Diocres,  Avic'ula  Cip'ria, 


Cande'la  fuma'lis,  Phthois,  Phlhois'rus.  A  com- 
pound of  aromatic  substances  in  various  shapes; 
used  as  a  fumigating  material  when  set  fire  to. 
See  Fumigation. 

The  French  use  the  term  Pastille,  (L.)  Pastil- 
lus,  for  a  solid,  dry,  round,  oblong,  scpnire,  or 
triangular  compound,  whose  base  is  essential  oil, 
and  sugar  the  excipient.  These  jiastillcs  are  in 
fact  small  lozenges,  and  only  differ  from  the 
tablette  in  their  smaller  size.  They  are  termed, 
also,  Sacchuroles  sol  ides. 

PASTILLE,  see  Pastel. 

PASTILLES  DIGESTIVES  P'llAUTE- 
ItlYE-V  ICH  Y,  see  Trochisci  Sodae  bicarboiiatis 
— p.  Fumigating,  see  Fumigation  — i).  de  Vichy, 
see  Troeiiisci  Soihc  bicarbonatis. 

PASTILLI  DIGESTIVI  DARCETII,  see 
Trochisci  Soda;  bicarbonatis  —  p.  Emetinte  Pcu- 
torales,  Trochisci  emetina;  pectorales. 

Pastil'i.i  de  Mentha  Piperi'ta,  Peppermint 

drops.  (Sacch.  alb.,  aqucP.  Mentha  pip.,  aq.  dea- 
stillat.i\a.'^\i.  Boil  to  the  consistence  of  an  eleo- 
tuary.  Take  of  fine  white  sugar  in  powder,  ^^iv; 
volatile  oil  of  peppermint,  ^»s.  Mix,  and  add 
the  electuary  whilst  warm.  Drop  it  then  on 
marble,  and  dry  the  drops. — Ph.  P.) 

PASTILLUS,  Pastil. 

PASTINACA  ALTISSIMA,  P.  opopona.x— p. 
Anethum,  Anethum  gravecdens  —  p.  (Jraveolens, 
Ancthum  graveolens — p.  Opaca,  P.  sativa. 

Pastina'ca  Opop'anax.  Ord.  Umbelliferae. 
The  name  of  the  plant  which  furnishes  the  Opn- 
panax.  The  plant,  whence  the  gum  resin  is  ob- 
tained, has,  also,  been  called  Fer'ula  opoji'onax 
seu  upop'onax,  Pastina'ca  altiss'ima,  Laserpit'- 
ium  sen  Seli'num  chiro'nium,  Opnpana'cum.  Pa- 
nax heracle'um  seu  costi'inim,  Pastina'cca,  Kyiia, 
Ilercuhs-all-heal,  Opop'anaxwort. 

Opopana.r,  Opopana'cis  gummi-resi'na,  Gezir, 
Pop'anax,  Gummi  Pana'eis,  exudes  from  the  roots 
when  wounded.  Its  odour  is  strong  and  j)efu- 
liar;  taste,  bitter  and  acrid.  It  is  met  with  in 
the  shops,  in  lumps  of  a  reddish-yellow  colour, 
without;  white  withi;i.  It  has  been  recoinineiid- 
ed  as  an  antispasmodic  and  emmenagoguc;  but 
is  seldom  used.     Dose,  gr.  x.  to  Qjj  i"  powder. 

Pastinaca  Pratrnsis.  p.  sativa. 

Pastina'ca  Sati'va,  Elaphobos'cum,  Pastinaca 
sylves'tria  seu  op>a' ca  seu  praten'sis,  Aue'lhum 
seu  Seli'num  pastina'ca,  Ban'ica,  Garden  pars- 
nep,  (F.)  Pauais,  The  root  is  sweet  and  nutri- 
tious, and  is  in  esteem  as  an  article  of  food.  It 
has  been  used  as  a  diuretic  and  demulcent  in  cal- 
culous affections,  &e. 

Pastinac.'V.  Sylvestris,  P.  sativa — p.  Sylves- 
tris  tenuifolia  officinarum,  Daucus  carota. 

PATATE,  Convolvulus  batatas. 

PATCHOULI,  Pogostemon  patchouli. 

PATE,  Paste — p.  Arsenicale,  Arsenical  past« 
— ji.  de  Canqnoin,  Pasta  Zinci  chloridi — p.  Caiia- 
tiquede  Vienne,  Powder,  Vienna — p.de  Guimaiive, 
Paste,  marshmallow  — p.  de  Jujube,  Paste  of 
Jujubes. 

PATEL'LA.  Rot'ula,  R.  genu,  Epigon'atis,Epi- 
gon'tis,  Acromy'le,  Epigou'nis  seu  Epigu'nis  seu 
Epigo'nis,  Mola  seu  Concha  seu  Oc'ulus  seu  Orbia 
seu  Scutum  genu,  Os  scutifor'me  seu  disriforvie 
seu  thyreoVdea,  Supergenua'lis,  Caucaliii'des,  My'- 
lacria,  llyle,  Ganiba,  Olcc'ranon  moh'ile,  (Prov.) 
Cop  hone,  (F.)  Kiitulc.  Diminutive  of  patera, 
'  a  boil,'  so  called  from  its  shape.  A  sort  of  sesa- 
moid, flat,  short,  thick,  rounded  bone,  situate  in 
front  of  the  knee,  and  enveloped  in  the  substance 
of  the  tendon  commcm  to  the  extensor  muscles 
of  the  leg.  The  posterior  surface  of  the  jiatella 
is  divided  into  two  facettea,  united  angularly, 
which  are  encrusted  with  cartilage,  and  each  of 
which  is  articulated  with  one  of  the  condyles  of 


PATENCY  OF  THE  FORAMEN  OVALE  G87 


PAVILION 


the  femur.  The  patella  is  developed  by  a  single 
point  of  ossifioation.  When  the  patella  is  frac- 
tured, it  i.x  diffifult  to  produce  bony  union.  This 
can  only  be  !iccoui|)lished  hy  keeping  the  frac- 
tured extremities  closely  in  apposition. 

Patki.la,  Cup  —  p.  Fixa,  Olecranon. 

PATENCY  OF  THE  FORAMEN  OVALE, 
see  C^'aiiopathy. 

PATENT  .MED'ICINE,  Medechie  brevetee  ou 
patentee,  liemede  bi-eveti  ou  pateiiti.  A  medici- 
nal compound,  for  the  sale  of  which  the  proposer 
obtains  from  government  an  exclusive  privilege. 
A  specification  of  his  invention  must  be  registered 
in  the  Patent  Office,  and,  hence,  it  differs  from 
a  secret  medicine. 

PATKR  OMNIUM  VIVENTIUM,  Penis. 

PATKRA  DIOGENIS,  Palm. 

PATKUX,  Clammy. 

PATH  KM  A,  Affection,  Disease. 

PATHEMATOLOGY,  Pathology. 

PATIIET'IC,  Pathct'icnx,  from  ff«9£a),  T  feel.' 
That  which  moves  the  passions.  A  name  given 
to  the  superi<ir  oblique  muscle  of  the  eye,  and, 
also,  to  a  nerve. 

Pathktr:  Muscle,  Oblique  superior  of  the  eye. 

Pathetic  Nkkvk,  Nemns  Pathet'icw  seu  tio- 
chlea'ris  seu  troclilciito'rins  seu  troch/eri'tor,  the 
4lli  p'lir  of  nerven.  Par  tjiiiirtum,  (F.)  0<:nh>-miiR- 
vnlitire  interne  (Ch.),  Nerf  pathetique,  is  the 
smallest  encephalic  nerve.  It  arises  behind  the 
inferior  part  of  the  tubercula  quadrigemina  {tenten) 
nt  the  lateral  parts  of  the  valvula  Vieusscnii.  Its 
roots  unite  into  one  thin  round  cord,  which  makes 
a  turn  upon  the  peduncles  of  the  brain,  and  passes 
into  a  canal  of  the  dura  mater,  near  the  posterior 
clinoid  process.  It  enters  the  orbit  by  the  broad- 
est parts  of  the  sphenoidal  fissure,  and  terminates 
in  the  superior  oblique  muscle  of  the  eye,  by  divi- 
ding into  several  filaments, 

PATIIETIS.M,  Magnetism,  animal. 

PATllIC,  Morbid. 

PATIIICAL,  Morbid. 

PATH  reus.  Morbid. 

PATIIXE,  Alveolus. 

PATHOGENET'IC,  Pnthogenet'icus.  Pathn- 
gen'icMn.  Same  etymon  as  Pathogenj'.  Relating 
to  pathogeny. 

Pathogenetic  PHYSiOLOor,  Phi/8iol<>g"ia  pa- 
thngenet'icn.  That  part  of  physiology  which  re- 
lates to  the  origin  of  disease. 

PATHOGENICUS,  Pathogenetic. 

PATIIOG"ENY,  Pfxthogen'in,  NoHngen'eitin, 
Nosmjen'id,  from  iraSo?,  'a  disease,'  and  yti-ttrij, 
'generation.'  The  branch  of  pathology  which 
relates  to  the  generation,  production  and  develop- 
ment of  disease. 

PATIIOGNOMON'IC,  Pnthognomon'iciis,  Sig- 
viim  can jnnc' turn  seu  charticteriK'ticnm  seu  morbi 
ennentiit  le  ;  from  jraSof,  '  an  affection,'  and  yi- 
vuffifu,  '  I  know.'  A  characteristic  symptom  of  a 
disease. 

PATHOG'RAPHY,  Pathofimph'in,  from  irn- 
5o{,  'disease,'  and  ypaifiia,  'I  describe.'  A  de- 
scription of  disease. 

PATllOLOGIA,  Pathology  — p.  Ilumoralis, 
Iluniorism  —  p.  Solidaris.  Solidism. 

PATIIOLO(}"ICAL,  Pothuh,fj"ic„s,  Pathol'o- 
</"»,  (F.)  Pnifio/of/ifjiie.  Same  etymon  as  pa- 
thidogy.  Relating  to  pathology.  Often  used  in 
the  sense  of  pathical. 

PvTiioi.ooioAt,  Anatomy,  see  Anatomy. 

PATHOli'OfxIST.  Pathol'oijus.  Same  etymon. 
One  versed  in  pathology. 

PATHOL'OtJY,  Patliemntol'ogi/.  Patho7o(f"ia, 
Pnlln>ui'ili,/(it/"ia,  P<ttliti!oi/"ice,  from  rta^o;,  'a 
disease,"  and  Awyof,  'a  discourse.'  The  branch 
of  medicine  whose  object  is  the  knowledge  of  dis- 
ease.    It  has  been  defined  dine'tsed  p^iyiiolof/i/, 


and  pliysiolorpj  of  disease.  It  is  divided  into  ge- 
nerul  and  special.  The  Jirst  considers  diseases 
in  common;  —  the  second,  the  particular  history 
of  each.  It  is  subdivided  into  internal  and  ex- 
ternal, or  medic(d.  and  surgical. 

Pathology,  Humoral,  Humorism. 

PATHOMA'NIA,  Parapathi'a,  Moral  Tnsa- 
nity,  from  -na^oi,  'a  disease,'  and  mania.  Mania 
sine  Delir'io.  A  morbid  perversion  of  the  natu- 
ral feelings,  affections,  inclinations,  temper,  ha- 
bits, moral  disposition,  and  natural  impulses, 
without  any  remarkable  disorder  or  defect  of  the 
intellect,  or  knowing  and  reiisoning  faculties,  and 
particularly  without  any  insanity  or  halluci- 
nation. 

PATHOMYOTOM'IA;  from  mdoi,  'affection,' 
piVi  or  nviav,  'muscle,'  and  Touri,  'incision.'  The 
title  of  a  work  by  Dr.  John  Bulwer  (1649),  being 
"a  dissection  of  the  significative  muscles  of  the 
affections  of  the  mind." 

PATHOPATRIDALGIA,  Nostalgia. 

PATHOS,  Affection,  Disease. 

PATIENCE,  Rumex  patientia  —  p.  d'Eaii, 
Rumex  hydrolopathum  —  p.  Garden,  Rumex  pa- 
tientia— p.  Range,  Rumex  sanguineus  —  p.  Sau- 
vai/e,  Rumex  acutus. 

PATIENT,  see  Sick. 

PATIENT  OF  DEATH,  Agony. 

PATIENTIA,  Ruinex  patientia. 

PATIENTI^E  MUSCULUS,  Levator  scapulae. 

PATNE,  Alvt-olus. 

PATOPATRIDALGIA,  Nostalgia. 

PATOR  NA'RIUM.  The  cavity  or  the  open- 
ing  of  the  nostrils. 

PATRATIO,  Ejaculation,  (of  sperm.) 

PATRINIA  JATAMANSI,  Nardus  Indica, 

PATTE  D'OIE  (F.),  'Goose's  foot.'  An  apo- 
neurotic expansion,  which  covers  the  internal 
surface  of  the  tibia  at  its  upper  part,  and  consists 
of  the  expansion  formed  by  the  tendons  of  the 
sartorius,  gracilis,  and  semi-tendinosus  muscles. 

PATURSA,  Syphilis. 

PAU,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  Pau  is  the  capital  of 
the  department  of  the  Lower  Pyrenees,  and  is 
about  150  miles  from  Bordeaux,  and  60  from 
Bayonne.  The  climate  corresponds  with  that  of 
the  south-west  of  France  generally;  its  great 
qualitj'  is  the  comparative  mildness  of  its  spring, 
and  exemption  from  cold  winds.  It  is  regarded 
as  a  favourable  winter  residence  for  invalids  la- 
bouring under  chronic  affections  of  the  mucous 
membranes.  It  is  too  changeable  for  the  con- 
sumptive; and  to  be  avoided  by  the  rheumatic. 

PAULLIN'IA.  This  is  an  extract  from  a  plant 
of  the  same  name  in  Brazil.  It  is  prepared  by 
the  Indians,  and  appears  to  possess  e.xcitant 
powers.  In  Brazil,  and  the  neighbouring  coun- 
tries, it  is  given  in  the  form  of  tisane  —  the  pow- 
der being  mixed  with  cocoa  —  in  diarrhoea  and 
dysentery.  It  has  been  employed  also  as  a  tonic. 
An  extract  is  prepared  in  Brazil  from  Ponllinia 
sor'bilis,  Ord.  Sapindaeese,  known  there  under 
!  the  name  of  Gnnmna,  which  is  administered  in 
similar  pathological  cases. 

PAUME  DE  LA  MAIN,  Palm. 

PAUNCH,  Ingluvies. 

PAUONTA,  Sedatives. 

PAUPIERE,  Palpebra. 

PAUSIMF/NIA,  from  rrauirif,  'cessation,'  and 
urtvci.  'menses.'     Cessation  of  the  menses. 

PAVANA  WOOD.  Croton  tisriium. 

PA  VANNE,  Laurus  sassafras. 

PAVIL'ION.  The  French  give  the  name  pa- 
vilion, to  the  expanded  extremity  of  a  canal  or 
cavity.— for  example,  of  a  catheter,  sound,  &c. 

Pavilion    of    the    Eah,    Auric'ula,    Pinna, 

O'tium,  Ala,  (F.)  Aitricnle  ou  Orirnle,  Pnrillon 
de  I'oreille,  is  seated  behind  the  cheeks,  beneath 


PAYILLOX  DE  L'OREILLE      G88 


PECTORALIS   INTERNUS 


the  temple,  and  antoiior  to  the  mastoid  process. 
Its  size  varies  in  individuals.  It  is  free  above, 
behind,  and  below.  Anteriorly  and  within,  it  is 
continuous  with  the  neighbouring  parts.  Its 
outer  surface  has  several  prominences,  the  Ihlix, 
Aiitliclix,  Tin<jiiA,  Aiititragiis,  and  Lnhe ;  and  se- 
veral cavities — the  groove  of  the  Helix,  the  /osia 
imvicitlan'a  scu  scapho'idefi,  and  the  Conchn.  The 
skin  which  covers  the  pavilion  is  very  fine,  and 
studded  with  a  number  of  sebaceous  follicles. 
The  auricle  is  fixed  to  the  head  by  three  fibro- 
areolar  ligaments;  —  a  superior,  anterior,  and 
posterior. 

PAVILION  DE  L'OREILLE,  Pavilion   of 
the  ear — j).  de  la  Trompe,  see  Tuba  Fallopiana. 
PAVIMENTUM  CEREBRI,  Base  of  the 
brain. 

PAVINA,  .ffisculus  hippocastanum. 
PAVITA'TIO,    Tremor ;   from   piivitare,  part- 
tntiim,   '  to  tremble  from  fear.'     Trembling  from 
fright. 

PAVOPIIOBIA,  Panophohia. 
PAYOR   (L.),    Dread.      Great   fright.     Pano- 
phohia. 

Pavo'res  Noctur'ni  seu  Doumien'tium.  Fear 
during  sleep. 

PA  VO  T,  Papaver. 
PAW,  Miinus. 

PAWPAW,  see  Oarica  papaya. 
PAXWAX,  see  Nucha. 
PAXYWAXY,  see  Nucha. 
PAZAIIAR,  Bezoar. 

PEA,  Pisum  —  p.  Garden,  Pisuni — p.  Ground 
Squirrel,  Jeffcrsotiiana  Bartoni — p.  Hoary,  Galega 
Virginiana — p.  Love,  Abrus  precatorius — p.  Nut, 
Arachis  hypngea  —  p.  Partridge,  Cassia  chamas- 
crista — p.  Turkev,  Galega  Virginiana. 

PEACH  BRANDY,  Amygdnlus  Persiea — p. 
Tree,  Amygdalus  Persiea  —  p.  Wood,  see  CsesaU 
pinia. 

PEAGLE,  Primula  veris. 

PEAR,  see  Pyrus  malus  —  p.  Avocado,  Persea 
gratissinia. 

PEARL,  Perln,  3fnr'garon,  Marr/ari'tn,  Mnr- 
gel'linm,  Ifttrge'lis,  U'uio,  (F.)  Perle.  A  round- 
ish concretion  of  a  silvery  white  colour,  and  bril- 
liant polish,  found  in  several  shells,  and  espe- 
cially in  the  Arir'nln  mnrgnrifi/'era,  which  has, 
hence,  been  called  Mitter  perhiriini,  Mnrgnri'tn, 
and  3[other  of  pearl,  and  is.  much  used  in  the 
fabrication  of  handles  for  surgical  instruments, 
Ac.  Pearls  were  formerly  given  in  powder  as 
astringents  and  antacids.  They  consist  of  lime 
and  an  animal  matter. 

Pearl  Ash,  Potash  of  commerce. 
Pearl,  Mothkr  of,  see  Pearl — p.  White,  Bis- 
inuth,  subnitrate  of. 

PEAU,  Cutis — p.  Divine,  Condom. 
PEAUOIER,  Platysma  mvoides. 
PECAN  or  PECCAN  NUT,  see  Hickory. 
PECCANT,    Pcccnns,    from    peccare,   'to   sin.' 
Morbid,  not  healthy.     An  epithet  given  by  the 
humourists  to  the  humours  when  erring  in  quality 
or  quantity.     See  Materia  Morbosa. 
PECHAN,  Stomach. 
PECHEDEON,  Perinsum. 
PECHEGUERA.     A  pulmonary  affection  af- 
fecting children  three  or  four  months  old  in  South 
America,  which  is  promptly  fatal. 
POORER,  Amygdalus  Persiea. 
PECIIIAGRA,  Pechyagra. 
PECHING,  Anhelatio. 

PECIIU'RIM  seu  PICHU'RIM  CORTEX.  A 
highly  aromatic  bark,  the  produce  of  a  species  of 
laurus.  It  is  e.vtremely  fragrant,  like  cinnamon, 
which  it  greatly  resembles  in  its  properties.  In 
Portugal  it  is  used  in  the  cure  of  dysentery,  Ac. 
See  Picburim  brans. 

PECH'YAGRA,  Pech'iagra,  Ancon'agra,  Pec- 


lihagrn,  from  irfj'Ytij,  'the  elbow,'  and  aypa,  'a 
seizure.'     (Jout  alfecting  the  elbow. 

PECIIYS,  Elbow. 

PECIIYTYKBE,  Porphyra  nautica. 

PECKLSH,  Hungry. 

PECTK,  Cheese. 

PECTEN,  Pubes.     Also,  a  comb. 

Pkctkn  Dknthim,  see  Sepes  —  p.  Veneris, 
Scandix  cerefolium. 

PECT 1 11 A G  R A,  Pechyagra. 

PECTIN,  from  rnKTos,  'coagulated,  curdled.' 
A  name  given  by  Braconnot  to  a  principle  wliieli 
forms  the  basis  of  vegetable  jelly.  It  is  exten- 
sively diffused  in  the  juices  of  pulpy  fruits  niid 
roots,  especially  when  they  are  mature;  and  oc- 
casions these  juices  to  coagulate  when  they  are 
mi.\ed  with  alcohol  or  boiled  with  sugar. 

It  is  the  basis  of  one  of  the  classes  of  elemen- 
tary principles  of  Dr.  Pereira — the  pectimiveuus. 

PECTIN ACEOUS,  Peetinous. 

PECTINA'LIS,  from  pecten,  pectivis,  'the 
pubes;'  PectincB'iis,  jl/tis'cnlus  liv'idits,  Pertitiii'. 
tits,  (F.)  Pubio-feifioral,  Suspiihio-femorid  (Ch.), 
Recline.  This  muscle  is  situate  at  the  inner  unci 
upjjcr  part  of  the  thigh.  It  is  long,  Hat,  and  tri- 
angular ;  is  attached,  above,  to  the  space  which 
separates  the  ileo-pectineal  eminence  from  the 
spine  of  the  os  pubis;  and,  below,  by  a  flat  ten- 
don, to  the  oblique  line  which  descends  from  the 
lesser  troclianter  to  the  linea  aspera.  The  pecti- 
nalis  bends  the  thigh  on  the  pelvis,  and  carries 
it  outwards  in  adduction  and  rotation.  It  iniiy 
also  bend  the  pelvis  on  the  thigh. 

PECTINATED,  Pectina'tua,  Pectin' iform, 
Pec'tinnte,  (F.)  Pectin^,  from  pecten,  pectinis, 
'a  comb.'  Having  the  shape  of  the  teeth  of  a 
comb. 

Pectinated  Muscles,  Pectina'ti  mns'cidi.  The 
fascicular  texture  observed  in  the  right  auricle 
of  the  heart:  —  3lns'culi  Anric'nia;  Peclina'ti. 
Their  main  use  probably  is  —  to  prevent  the  over 
dilatation  of  the  auricles. 

PECTINATUS,  Pectinalis. 

PECTINE,  Pectinalis,  Pectinated. 

PECTINEUS,  Pectinalis. 

PECTINIFORM,  Pectinated. 

PP;C'TINOUS,  Rectina'ccns,  Pectino'sns,  Pec- 
tinn'eeoHs,  from  pectin.  Of  or  belonging  to  pec- 
tin or  vegetable  jelly, — as  a.  pcclinous  or  peel ina- 
ceons  vegetable  principle. 

PECTORAL,  from  pectns,  pectoris,  'the 
breast.'     Relating  to  the  breast.     See  Pectorals, 

PECTORAL,  GRAND,  Pectoralis  major. 

PECTORALE,  Corset. 

PECTORALIS  INTERNUS,  Triangularis 
stcrni. 

Pkctora'lts  '^\K.^ovl.,\xox(^.  pectns, pectoris,  'the 
breast.'  Pectom'lis,  Sterno  -  eleido  -  hnivlnn'lis, 
(F.)  Sterno-costo-clavio-hnmiral,  Sterno-hnmfrid 
(Ch.),  Grand  Pectoral.  A  large,  flat,  trianguliir 
muscle,  situate  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  chest, 
before  the  axilla.  It  is  attached,  on  the  one 
hand,  by  means  of  aponeurotic  fibres,  to  the  inner 
half  of  the  anterior  edge  of  the  clavicle;  to  the 
anterior  surface  of  the  sternum,  and  to  the  carti- 
lages of  the  first  six  true  ribs  ; — on  the  other,  by 
a  strong  tendon,  which  is  inserted  at  the  anteri<ir 
edge  of  the  bicipital  groove  of  the  humerus.  The 
use  of  this  muscle  is  to  move  the  arm  in  various 
directions.  If  it  be  hanging  by  the  side  of  the 
body,  it  carries  it  inwar<ls  and  a  little  forwards. 
When  the  arm  is  raised,  it  depresses  it  and  car- 
ries it  inwards.  It  can,  also,  move  it  in  rotation 
inwards.  If  the  humerus  be  raised  and  fixed, 
the  pectoralis  major  draws  the  trunk  towards  the 
up|ier  extremity. 

1'kctora'm.s  Minor,  Sa-ra'tua  at^ti'cus  minor, 
(F.)  Custo-eorucoidien  (Ch.),  Petit  Pectoral,  Pttil 


PECTORALS 


G89 


PEDUNCLE 


denteU.  ri)il('i!(ntr.  Thin  muscle  is  situate  beneath 
the  precedinjr,  at  the  anterior  ami  upjicr  jiurt  of 
the  chest,  it  is  flat  and  triani^iilar ;  is  attached 
by  its  base,  which  appears  dij^itated,  to  the  upper 
edge  and  outer  surface  of  the  3d,  4th,  and  5lh 
true  ribs,  and  is  inserted  at  the  anterior  part  of 
the  coracoid  process.  The  pectoralis  minor  draws 
the  scap\ihi  forwards  and  downwar<ls,  and  makes 
it  execute  a  rotatory  motion,  by  virtuo  of  which 
its  inferior  angle  is  carried  backwards,  and  the 
anterior  depressed.  When  the  shoulder  is  ti.xcd, 
il  elevates  the  ribs  to  which  it  is  attached,  and 
aids  in  the  dilatatinn  of  the  chest. 

PECTORALS,  PeHnrn'Uc,  Thornc"icn.  Me- 
dicines considered  proper  for  relieving  or  remo- 
ving atfoctions  of  the  chest. 

Pkc'toiial  Ditoi'S,  Batkman's,  consist  chiefly 
of  tiiK-liire  of  cfiHtor,  with  some  camphor  and  opi- 
vm,  flavoured  by  auineeil.  Gray  gives  the  follow- 
ing formula.:  Cantor,  ^y,  ol.  avis!,  J5J  j  caniph. 
Zv  ;  cocci',  !5'ss  ;  opii,  ^vj  ;  proof  spirit,  a  gallon. 
A  form,  advised  by  a  committee  of  the  Phila- 
delphia College  of  Pharmacy,  is  the  following: — 
Alcohol.  (Jil.  cong.  iv  ;  itaiital.  rtthr.  ros.  _^j  ;  di- 
gere  per  horas  xxiv;  cola,  et  adde  Puln.  opii, 
Piilv.  catechu,  CaiiiphorcB,  aa  ^ij;  OL  anisi,  ^w. 
Digest  for  ten  days. 

J'/JCTOIifLOQUE,  from  pectus,  pectoris,  'the 
chest,'  and  loqiii,  '  to  speak.'  One,  according  to 
Laennec,  who  presents  the  phenomenon  of  J'ecto- 
rihqiilim.     Also,  a  stethoscope. 

PECTORILOQUIE,  Pectoriloquy —;3.  Chiv- 
rotaiite,  Egophony. 

PECTOIULOQUOUS  BRONCHOPHONY, see 
Pect'irilor|iiy. 

PECTOlilWOQVY, Pectoril'otpi  ism, Cav'ernoiis 
mice,  I'ectorilo'qiiia,  (F.)  Pectoriloquie,  Voi.r  ca- 
venieiise,  V.  artiviilee.  Same  etymon.  Speech 
or  voice  coming  from  the  chest.  Laennec  has 
designated,  by  this  name,  the  phenomenon  often 
])resented  by  consumptive  individuals,  when  their 
chests  are  examined  with  the  stethoscope.  The 
voice  seems  to  issue  direct/j/  from  the  chest,  and 
to  pass  through  the  central  canal  of  the  cylinder, 
—  a  phenomenon  owing  to  the  voice  resounding 
ill  the  anfractuous  cavities,  produced  in  the  lungs 
by  the  suppuration  or  breaking  down  of  tuber- 
cles, which  constitute  abscesses  or  ulcers  of  the 
lungs.  By  some,  it  is  not  separated  from  bron- 
chophony, having  been  termed,  at  times,  stroii// 
hronchnphontj,  and  2)cctorH'oquous  brouchophoni/. 
See  Laryngophony.  Wliisperiuij  pnctoriloqui/  is 
that  produced  by  the  whispering  of  the  patient. 

PECTOllO'SUS,  from  pectus,  pectoris,  'the 
chest.'     One  who  has  a  broad  chest. 

PECTUS,    Sternum,   Thorax  —  p.   Cariuatum, 
see  Carina  and  Lordosis. 
PECIILIUM,  Penis. 

PEDA(tRA,  Potassa3  supertartras  irapurus. 
PEDAL,  f'eda'lis,  from  pes,  pedis,  'the  foot.' 
Relating  to  the  foot :  —  as 

Pkdal  ApoNKimo'siS,  {¥.)  Apouevrose pedieuse. 
A  thin,  aponeurotic  layer,  which  invests  the  ex- 
tensor brevis  digitorum  pedis,  and  separates  the 
tendons  of  the  foot  from  each  other. 
PEDHELLY,  Physconia. 
PEDES,  Genital  organs. 
PEDESIS,  Pulsation. 
PEDETIIMO.S,  Pulsation. 

PEDlAL'tJIA,  Pedioual'iim,  Pcdionenral'gia, 
from  -ndtov,  '  the  sole  of  the  foot,'  and  a\yoi, 
'pain.'  Pain  in  the  sole  of  the  foot.  Neuralgia 
of  the  foot  in  general.  An  affection  of  this  kind, 
under  the  name  I'edionaJijIe,  prevailed  in  1762 
at  Savigliano  in  Piedmont,  and  in  1S06  amongst 
the  militarv  at  Padua. 

PEDICLE,  VITELLINE,  see  Vesicula  umbi- 
licalis. 
PEDICULARIA,  Delphinium  staphisagria. 
44 


PEDICULATIO.  Phtheiriasis. 

PEDIC'ULUS,  J'htheir,  Louse,  (Prov.)  Bidchj. 
(F.)  Foil.  Diminutive  of  pes,  pedis,  'a  foot,' 
from  its  having  many  feet.  A  genus  of 
parasitic  insects.  The  human  body  is  infested 
with  three  kinds:  the  Bodylotise,  or  Clothcs- 
lonse,  Pedic'xdus  vestimeit'ti,  (F.)  Pou  de  corjjt  ; 
the  Ilead-hiuse,  Pedic'ulus  cap'itis,  (F.)  Poit  de 
la  tele,  which  lives  in  the  hair;  the  Crah-louse, 
Mor'pin,  Fera'lis  pedic'ulus,  Plat'ida,  Phthi'rius 
inijuina'lis,  Pedic'ulus  Pubis,  (F.)  Morp>i(iu,  whi(  h 
infests  the  hair  of  the  pubes.  Infusion  of  to- 
bacco, or  mercurial  ointment,  or  ointment  of  white 
precipitate  of  mercury,  or  the  white  or  red  pre- 
cipitate of  mercury,  readily  destroys  them.  The 
louse  occurring  in  phtheiriasis,  pedic'ulus  tabex- 
cen'tium,  differs  from  the  common  louse. — Vogcl. 

Pediculds  Capitis,  see  Pedicuius  —  p.  Pulii^. 
Crab-louse — p.  Tabescentium,  see  Pedicuius — p. 
Vestimenti,  see  Pedicuius. 

PEDfCURE,  Chiropodist. 

PEDICUS,  Extensor  brevia  digitorum  pedis. 

I'EDIEUX  (muscle).  Extensor  brevis  digito- 
rum pedis. 

PEDIGAMBRA,  Ysambra. 

PEDILAN'THUS  TITIIYMALOI'DES,  Eu- 
phor'bia  til/ii/malo'ides  seu  mi/rtifo'lia,  Jew  bush. 
Order,  Euphorbiacese,  grows  in  various  parts  of 
the  West  Indies.  The  practitioners  of  Curacoa 
give  a  decoction  in  venereal  cases.  It  is  als.> 
used  in  domestic  practice,  in  amenorrhoea.  It  is, 
moreover,  known  and  used  as  Jpecacuauha. — 
Lindlcy. 

PEDILU'VIUM,  from  ^jct^^s,  'the  feet,'  and 
lavo,  'I  wash.'  Lavipe'dium,  (F.)  Pediluve,  Bain 
de  pied.     A  bath  for  the  feet.     See  Bath. 

PEDION,  Sole. 

PEDIONALGIA,  Pedialgia. 

PEDIONEURALGIA,  Pedialgia. 

PEDIUM,  Tarsus. 

PEDONCULE,  Peduncle. 

PEDONCULES  DU  CERVEAU,  Peduncles 
of  the  brain — p.  du  Cervelet,  Corpora  restiformin 

—  p.  du  Coiiarium,  Peduncles  of  the  pineal  gland 

—  p.    de    la    Glaude  piniale,    Peduncles    of   the 
pineal  gland. 

PEDORA.  The  sordes  of  the  eyes,  ears,  and 
feet. 

PED'UNCLE,  Pedun'culus,  (F.)  Piduneule, 
from  pes,  pedis,  'a  foot.'  This  term  has  been  ap- 
plied to  different  prolongations  or  appendices  of 
the  encephalon. 

Peduncles  op  the  Brain,  Pedun'culi  seu 
Crura  seu  Caudcr  cer'ebri,  calleil,  also.  Crura 
auterio'ra  medul'lcB  oblouga'toi,  (F.)  Pedoiiculcs 
du  Cerveaii,  are  two  white  cords,  about  jths  of 
an  inch  in  diameter,  on  the  outside  of  the  cor[)ora 
albicantia.  They  arise  from  the  medullary  suli- 
stance  of  the  brain,  and  gradually  approach,  till 
they  join  the  tuber  annulare.  They  are  formed, 
internally,  of  a  mixture  of  cineritious  and  medul- 
lary matter;  the  former  of  which,  being  of  a 
darker  colour  at  one  part  than  in  any  other  part 
of  the  brain,  has  been  called  Locus  nif/er  crnruiu 
cerebri,  Substau'tia  nigra  peduu'culi. 

Peduncles  of  the  Cerebellum,  Peduv'cvll 
seu  Crura  cerehel'li,  called,  also.  Crura  posterio'ra, 
are  six  in  number,  three  on  each  side — a.  superior. 
a  middle,  and  an  inferior.  The  superior  pedun- 
cles are  generally  known  as  the  Processus  cere- 
bell  i  ad  testes,  Crura  eerebel'li  ad  cor'pora  quad- 
rii/em'ina,  Bra'chia  copulati'va :  the  inferior  are 
the  Processus  eerebelli  ad  medullnm  oblouffatam  ; 
and  the  middle  are  called,  also,  Cerebel'lar  ptd' un- 
cles—  Proces'sns  seu  Crura  eerebel'li  ad  pontem, 
Bra'chia  pontis. 

Peduncles,  I.nfeiuor,  of  the  Cerebellum, 


PEDUNCULUS 


f590 


rELVI-TROCnANTERIAN 


Crirpora  restiformia — p.  of  the  Medulla  oblongata, 
C'lirpora  restiformia. 

Pkduncles  of  the  Pine'al  GlxtH),  Pedunciili 
eoiin'rh',  (F.)  Pedoncules  de  In  (jlnnde  pin f ale,  P. 
dii  Coiianum,  are  two  medullar}'  bands  or  strips, 
■whieh  seem  to  issue  from  tlie  pineal  gland,  and 
]ir<>ceed  on  each  side  upon  the  upper  and  inner 
resrion  of  the  optic  thalami.     See  Pineal  Gland. 

Pedunculi  Cerebelli,  Peduncles  of  the  Cere- 
bellum—  p.  Cerebri,  Peduncles  of  the  brain  —  p. 
Conarii,  Peduncles  of  the  pineal  gland,  see  Pineal 
frland  —  p.  MeduUse  oblongatae,  Corpora  resti- 
formia. 

PEDUNCULUS,  Peduncle. 

PEGA,  Canthus  (lesser). 

PEGANEL^'ON,  Oleum  ruta'ceum,  O'leum 
rutai,  from  irtyavov,  'rue/  and  cXaiov,  'oil.'  Oil 
of  Rue. 

PEGANUM,  Ruta. 

PECtMIN,  Corium  phlogisticum. 

PEINE,  Hunger. 

PKINOTIIERAPIA,  Limotherapeia, 

PEIRA,  Effort,  Experience,  Nisus. 

PELA'DA,  (F.)  Pelade.  A  word  of  uncertain 
orif^in,  applied  to  alopecia,  especially  to  that  re- 
sulting from  syphilis.     See  Alopecia. 

PELA'GIA.  A  kind  of  scaly  erysipelas  of  the 
bands  —  sometimes  of  the  legs,  at  others,  of  the 
face.     Pellagra  [?]. 

PELAGRA,  Pellagra. 

PELARGO'NIUM  ANCEPS,  Pens'tera  an- 
ceps.  A  South  African  plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Gera- 
iiiacese,  the  decoction  of  which  is  used  by  the 
Malays  in  amenorrhoea,  and  to  promote  parturi- 
tion and  abortion. 

Pelargonutm  Antibysenter'ioitm,  Jenhinso'- 
vin  antldysentei-'ica.  This  South  African  plant  is 
used  by  the  natives  in  dysentery.  It  is  boiled  in 
milk. 

Pelargo'nium  Cuculla'tdm.  Common  along 
the  side  of  the  Table  Mountain.  It  has  been  re- 
commended in  decoction  as  an  enema  in  colic, 
nephritis,  and  suppression  of  urine.  It  is  an  e.x- 
cellent  emollient,  and  was  formerly  exported  to 
Holland  under  the  name  Herhn  AIiJicb'cb. 

Pelargo'nium  TmsTE,  Polync'tinm  tn'ste.  The 
root  of  this  plant,  which  grows  at  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope,  is  somewhat  astringent,  and  is  used 
there  in  diarrhoea  and  dysentery,  and  as  an  an- 
thelmintic. 

PEL'ICAN,  Pelica'nus,  Peleca'mis,  Pel'ecan, 
Pel'ecns,  veXeKav,  from  rsXt/cao),  '  I  cleave.'  An 
instrument,  curved  at  the  end  like  the  beak  of  a 
pelican.     Its  use  is  to  extract  teeth. 

PELI'CIDE,  Pela'de,  Mel  coo' turn.  Boiled 
honey. — Ruland  and  Johnson. 

PELICOMETER,  Pelvimeter. 

PELIDNOMA,  Ecchymoma,  Pelioma. 

PELIO'MA,  Pclidno'mn  from  irtXo?,  'black.' 
A  livid  ecehymosis. — Forestus.  See  Ecchymoma. 

P^LIOSE,  Purpura. 

PELIOSIS,  Purpura  hsemorrhagica — p.  Rheu- 
matica,  see  Purpura  simplex. 

PELLA.  Cutis,  Prepuce. 

PBL'LAGPiA,  Pel'arjra,  Tchthyo'sis  seu  Tuber 
f>eu  Tmpeti'go  Pellacpa,  Elephanti'asia  Ital'ica, 
Lepra  Mediolanen'sis  seu  Lomhnrd'ica,  Scorhii'- 
ttisalpi'iius,  Mn'nia  pella'gria,  Erythe'ma  endcm'- 
iciim  seu  pel'lagruni,  Inaolazione  de  Pn'tiiavera, 
Male  del  Sole,  Derinat'aijra,  Erynip' elnnperind' ica 
nervo'sa  ch ron' ica,  Paral'ysig  scorhu'ti'ca,  Scurvy 
of  the  Alps,  (F.)  Mai  de  miaire,  Scorhut  dea 
Alpes ;  from  neXXa,  [?]  'skin,'  and  aypa,  'seizure.' 
A  disease,  particularly  noticed  among  the  Milan- 
ese, which  consists  in  the  skin  becoming  covered 
with  wrinkles,  and  assuming  a  scaly  appearance, 
especially  in  tlie  parts  exposed  to  the  air.  The 
Strength  diminishes,  the  intellectual  faculties  and 


sensations  become  obscure,  and  cramps,  convul- 
sions, and  other  lesions  of  muscular  contractility 
supervene.  It  is  a  singular  endemic  iill'eclinn, 
and  has  been  supposed  to  follow  evcrywiiero  tlio 
introduction  of  Indian  corn :  hence  the  nnino 
Kapha' nia  ma'iz'tica,  given  to  it  by  some  of  tlio 
Italian  physicians. 

An  affection  endemic  in  the  Asturias  is  said  to 
be  a  variety  of  pellagra.  It  is  the  Jioaa  seu  Lvpia 
Astu'ricd,  Mai  de  la  liona. 

PELLENS,  from  pellere,  'to  drive.'  Driving; 
impelling. 

Peli.en'tia  Medicamen'ta  are  medicines  that 
promote  the  occurrence  of  the  menstrual  or  luo- 
morrhoidal  flux. 

PELLICULA  OVI,  Membrana  putarainis— p. 
Summa,  Epidermis  —  p.  Superior,  Epidermis. 

PELLICULiE  CORDIS,  Ostiola  cordis. 

PELLIS,  Cutis — p.  Summa,  Epidermis. 

PELLITORY,  Xanthoxylum  fraxineum  —  p. 
American,  Parietaria  Pennsylvanica — p.  Bustard, 
Achillea  ptarmiea  —  p.  of  Spain,  Anthemis  pyre- 
thrum —  p.  Wall,  Parietaria. 

PELMA,  Sole. 

PELOHiE'MIA,  (F.)  Pelohimie,  from  r,Xo{, 
'dirt,'  and  'aifia,  'blood.'  A  condition  of  tlio 
blood  in  which  it  is  thick,  syrupy,  and  of  a  very 
dark  colour  —  as  in  diseases  of  the  blood,  gan- 
grene, <tc. 

PELOR,  Monster. 

PELORIA.  Monster. 

PELORIUM,  Monster. 

PELORUM.  Monster. 

PELOTE  DE  31 ER,  Pila  marina. 

PELTALIS  seu  PELTATUS  CARTILAGO, 
Thyroid  cartilage.  Xiphoid  cartilage. 

PELTAN'DRA  YIRGIN'ICA,  from  nXr,, 
'a  target,'  and  avrip,  'for  anther,'  from  the  shield- 
shaped  stamens.  Arum  Virgin'icuiu,  CuUa  seu 
Lecon'tia  seu  Pentsselaeria  Virrpii'ica,  Arroio 
Arum,  Taraho,  Wampee  ;  indigenous;  of  the 
Order  Aracene.  The  fresh  roots  and  seeds  are 
acrid  stimulants,  like  Arum. 

PELTIDEA  AMPLISSIMA,  Lichen  caninus 
—  p.  Aphthosa,  Lichen  aphthosus  —  p.  Caniiia, 
Lichen  caninus  —  p.  Leucorrhiza,  Lichen  caninus 
— p.  Malacca,  Lichen  caninus — p.  Spuria,  Liclien 
caninus. 

PELTTGERA  CANINA,  Lichen  caninus. 

PELUDE,  Pelicide. 

PELVIC,  Pel'vicua,  Pelvi'nua,  (F.)  Pelmen, 
from  pelvia.     Belonging  or  relating  to  the  pelvis. 

Pelvic  Aponeuro'sis,  (F.)  Aponh'rose  pel- 
vienne.  A  tendinous  lamina,  given  off  from  tlio 
sides  of  the  pelvis,  and  from  the  entire  circum- 
ference of  the  brim,  whieh  passes  into  and  lines 
the  pelvis,  and  is  soon  divided  into  two  distinct; 
layers;  —  one  external,  the  lateral  pelvic  or  oUk- 
rator  faecia,  which  continues  to  line  the  sides  of 
the  pelvis,  and  covers  the  obturator  intermis 
muscle;  the  other,  internal  or  superior,  which 
passes  inwards  upon  the  side  of  the  prostate, 
bladder,  and  rectum  in  the  male,  and  of  tlie 
bladder,  vagina,  and  rectum  in  the  female,  in 
order  to  form  the  floor  of  the  pelvis. 

Pelvic  Cavity,  (F.)  Cavit^  pelvienne.  The 
cavity  of  the  pelvis. 

Pelvic  Members.     The  lower  extremities. 

Pelvic  Surface  of  the  Il'ium.  That  which 
faces  the  pelvic  cavitv. 

PELVICULA  OCULT,  Orbit. 

PELVID'YMUS,  (F.)  Pelvidyme,  from  pelrm, 
and  SiSvuoi,  'a  twin.'  A  monster  united  at  the 
pelvis,  and  double  above. 

PELVI-TROCHANTE'RIAN,  Pehi-tmchnn- 
teria'nua.  That  which  relates  to  the  pelvis  nnd 
great  trochanter.  The  Pelvi-trochant'-rinri  v- 
fjion  is  formed  by  the  muscles— pyrnmid'iliii.  i)ro 
ohturat'ora,  (jemini,  and  quadratuafemori»-—y<^^'^'^ 


PEL  VI EN- 


W 


PENDULUM   PALATI 


pass  from  the  pelvis  to  the  digital  cavity  of  the 
grcnt  trochanter. 
PEL  VI UN,  Pelvic. 

PELVIM'ETER,  Pehjcom'eter,  Pelyom'eter, 
Pelivom'eter,  Pyelom'eter,  (F.)  Pelvimetre,  from 
jjclvia,  and  /icrpov,  '  a  measure.'  A  barbarous  hy- 
brid. This  name  has  been  given  to  difl'erent  in- 
struments, invented  for  measuring  the  diameters 
of  the  pelvis,  and  particularly  the  antero-posterior 
or  fore-and-aft  diameter  of  the  brim:  —  Pel  elm' - 
dry,  (F.)  Pelvime.trie.  Two  have  been  chiefly 
employed,  especially  by  French  practitioners : — 
the  C'oiiipaa  d'ipaigseitr,  and  the  Pelvimeter  of 
Coutouly.  1.  The  Oonipaa  d'epaiaseuv  or  CaV- 
lijiers  of  Baudclocquc,  is  formed  like  a  pair  of 
compasses — with  blunt  extremities — the  branches 
of  which  can  be  moved  at  will.  One  of  these  is 
applied  to  the  symphysis  pubis,  and  the  other  on 
the  sacrum.  About  three  inches  must  be  de 
ducted  from  this  measurement  for  the  thickness 
of  the  mons  veneris,  pubis,  and  the  base  of  the 
Siicrum.  2.  The  Pelvimeter  of  Coutouly  resem- 
bles the  instruments  used  by  shoemakers  for  mea- 
suring the  length  of  the  foot.  The  two  branches 
are  introduced,  in  a  state  of  approximaticm,  into 
the  vagina,  and  then  separated,  so  that  one  touches 
the  promontory  of  the  sacrum,  the  other  comes 
behind  the  os  pubis.  It  is  a  barbarous  contri- 
vance, and  its  introduction  ought  never  to  be  at- 
tempted on  the  living  subject.  It  does  not,  indeed, 
seem  possible  to  introduce  it  without  mischief. 

The  finger  is,  decidedly,  the  best  pelvimeter, 
and  by  it  we  can  judge  whether  the  base  of  the 
sacrum  be  unusually  prominent.  Measurement 
of  the  pelvis  by  the  hand  has  been  called  Pely- 
cochirometre'aia ;  from  ne\v^,  'the  pelvis,'  ;^t(/), 
'  the  hand,'  and  iicrpov,  '  measure.' 

PELVIMETRY,  see  Pelvimeter. 

PELVIS,  Cho'aiia,  Py'elos,  Lec'ane,  (F.)  Baa- 
tin;  so  called  from  ttcXu?,  and  n-tXAi;,  'a  Isasin,' 
because  fancied  to  be  shaped  like  an  ancient 
basin.  The  part  of  the  trunk  which  bounds  the 
abdomen  below.  It  is  a  large,  bony,  irregular, 
conoidal  cavity, — open  above  and  below,— vehich 
supports  and  contains  a  part  of  the  intestines, 
and  the  urinary  and  genital  organs;  and  serves, 
at  the  same  time,  as  a  fixed  point  for  the  articu- 
lation of  the  lower  limbs,  the  attachment  of  their 
muscles,  and  the  execution  of  their  movements. 
The  pelvis  supports,  behind,  the  vertebral  column, 
and  is  sustained,  before,  by  the  ossa  femorum. 
It  is  situate,  in  the  adult,  near  the  middle  i)art 
of  the  body,  and  is  composed  .of  four  broad,  flat, 
unequally  thick  bones,  difFering  much  in  their 
shape,  size,  and  arrangemenf,  which  touch,  are 
articulated  at  some  part  of  their  surface,  and  in- 
timately united  by  means  of  a  number  of  liga- 
mentous fasciae.  Of  these  bones,  two  are  behind, 
on  the  median  line, — the  sacrum  and  the  coccyx  ; 
the  two  others  are  before  and  at  the  sides,  —  the 
ilia.  They  are  fellows,  and  unite,  before,  with 
each  other.  The  most  important  parts  of  the 
pohis,  in  an  obstetrical  point  of  view,  are  the 
hi-im  and  the  nutlet.  The  Brim,  Aurpin'tin  ah<.lo- 
viina'lis,  Intro'itua,  Apertu'ra  pelvis  mipe'rior, 
Upper  Opening  or  atrnit  of  the  Cavity  of  the  Pel- 
vis, (P.)  Detroit  siip£rienr,  D.  ahdominnl,  is  the 
narrow  part  which  separates  the  greater  pelvis 
from  the  less — the/d/tc  from  the  true,  Pelvis  vera 
seu  minor.  In  the  well-formed  woman  it  is  ellip- 
tical, and  slightly  inclined  forwards.  Its  antero- 
posterior, sacro-pnhic  or  con'juyate  diameter,  in  a 
standard  pelvis,  measures  4i  inches,  but  with  the 
siifl  parts,  ,"!§  inches ;  its  transverse  or  iliac  or 
lateral,  5i  inches,  but  with  the  soft  parts  4 
inches  :  and  its  oblique,  Diameter  of  Deventer, 
with  the  soft  parts.  4^  inches.  The  Oi'tlkt, 
Ex'itna,  Inferior  opening  or  strait,  Angus' tin 
ptrincBa'lia,   (F.)  Ditroit  in/erieur,  D.  pirinial,  , 


forms  the  lower  aperture  of  the  pelvis.  The 
antero-posterior  diameter  is  here,  on  account  of 
the  mobility  of  the  coccyx,  5  inches:  the  lateral, 
4  inches.  The  Axis  of  tue  Pklvis  is  important 
to  be  known  in  obstetrics.  The  A.tis  of  the  Brim 
is  indicated  by  a  straight  line  drawn  from  the 
umbilicus  to  the  apex  of  the  coccyx; — the  A-ris 
of  the  Outlet  by  a  line  drawn  from  the  first  bone 
of  the  sacrum  to  the  entrance  of  the  vagina.  An 
imaginary  curved  line  which  indicates  the  direc- 
tion of  the  canal  of  the  pelvis,  has  occasionally 
been  termed  the  curve  of  Cams,  in  conseqcnce 
of  its  having  been  poiutedl}'  described  by  the 
German  obstetrician. 

Pelvi.s  Aurium,  Cochlea — p.  Cerebri,  Infundi- 
bulum  of  the  brain. 

Pelvis  op  the  Kidney,  Pelvis  rena'lia  seu 
renum,  Sinus,  Venter  seu  Alvus  Reuum,  (F.)  BaS' 
ainet.  This  is  a  small,  membranous  pouch,  occu- 
pying the  posterior  part  of  the  fissure  of  the 
kidney.  It  is  placed  behind  the  renal  artery 
and  vein;  is  elongated  from  above  to  below; 
flattened  from  before  to  behind  ;  irregularly  oval 
in  figure;  and,  below,  contracts  considerably,  to 
be  continuous  with  the  ureter.  It  receives  the 
orifices  of  the  infundibula,  which  pour  the  urine 
secreted  in  the  kidney  into  its  cavity. 

Pelvis  Minor,  Pelvis — p.  Ocularis,  Scaphiura 
oculare  —  p.  Renalis,  Pelvis  of  the  kidney  —  p. 
Renum,  Pelvis  of  the  kidney  —  p.  Vera,  Pelvis. 
PELYCOCliniOMETKESIS,  see  Pelvimeter, 
PELYCOMETER,  Pelvimeter. 
PELYOMETER,  Pelvimeter. 
PEM'MICAN    or   PEM'ICAN.     Meat   cured, 
pounded,  and  mixed  with  fat.     It  has  been  much 
use<l  as  nutriment  on  long  overland  journeys. 

PEMPIIIGO'DES,  Pemphigoid,  (F.)  Pemphi- 
gode,  from  7r£//0t|,  'a  blister,'  and  uioi,  'form.' 
An  epithet  given  by  the  ancients  to  the  fever  that 
accompanies  pemphigus. 

PEM'PIIIGUS.  Emphly'sis  Pem'phigus,  Pom'- 
pholyr,  from  ittfiiju^,  TrciKptyo;,  'a  blister;'  Febris 
bullo'sa  sou  vesicnla'ris  sou  ampullo'sa  seu  pem- 
phigo'dcs  seu  pemphingo'des,  Exanthe'nia  serosum, 
Jlorfa,  Pem'phigus  morta  seu  Helvct'icus  seu 
major  seu  minor,  Morbus  bullo'sus  seu  vesicnla'ris 
seu  anijiidla'cens,  Pemphinr,  Pemphix,  Pemphyx, 
Ti/phns  vesioila'ris,  Vesic'nlar  Fever,  Bladdery 
Fever,  Water-blebs,  {¥.)  Fievre  bullense  ou  vhic- 
nlalre,  Maladie  bulleuse.  A  disease,  defined  to 
consist  of  vesicles,  scattered  over  the  body  ;  trans- 
parent, filbert-sized,  with  a  red,  inflamed  edge, 
but  without  surrounding  blush  or  tumefaction  ; 
on  breaking,  disposed  to  ulcerate;  fluid,  pellucid 
or  slightly  coloured  ;  fever,  typhous.  It  is  doubt- 
ful whether  any  such  idiopatliic  fever  have  ever 
existed:  the  probability  is,  that  the  fever  and 
vecieations  have  been  an  acciilental  complication. 
CuUen  thinks  the  Pemphigus  Nelvtiens  must 
have  been  malignant  sore  throat.  If,  however, 
■such  a  distinct  disease  did  exist,  it  was  probably 
only  as  an  endemico-epideniic. 

Pemphigi's  Gangra:nosa,  Rupia  escharotica — 
p.  Ilungaricus,  see  Anthrax — p.  Infantilis,  Rupia 
escharotica  —  p.  Major,  Pemphigus  —  p.  Jlinor, 
Pemphigus  —  p.  Morta,  Pemphigus  —  p.  Vario- 
lodes,  see  A'aricella. 

PEMPIIINX.  Pemphigus. 
PEMPHIX,  Pemphigus. 
PEMPHYX,  Pemphigus. 
PEMPT.EA  FERRIS,  Quintan. 
PEX^EA  MUCRONATA,  see  Sarcocolla  — p. 
Sarcocolla,  Sarcocolla. 
PEXCHE,  Abdomen. 

PEXCIL-LIKE  PROCESSES,  Styloid  pro- 
cesses. 

PE.\DULOIIS  ABDOMEN,  Phvsconia. 
PENDULUM    PALATI,  Velum   pendulum 
palati. 


TENETRATING 


692 


PEPSIN 


PEN'ETRATIXGr,  Pen'etrnns,  from  penetrare, 
pev<:tr<itiim,  {peiiitiin  iiitrnre,)  'to  go  into.'  A 
wound  is  so  called  wtiich  penetrates  one  of  the 
great  splanchnic  cavities  — Viibiiis  penetrans. 

A  medicine  is,  also,  so  called,  which  is  supposed 
to  p:i*s  throuijh  the  pores,  and  stimulate. 
PENICILLUM,  Compress,  Penicillus. 
PENICIL'LUS,     Penicilhim,     Peulc'iilns,    'a 
painter's  brush  ;'  diminutive  of  pern's,  '  a  tail.*  A 
tent  or  pledget.    A  pessary.   The  secreting  glandi- 
form   extremities    of   the    veufe    port*,    {Ac"ini 
hilio'si)    have  been    so    termed,  as  well    as    the 
villous  textures. 
Pr.vicillus,  Tent. 
PENICULUM,  Compress. 
PENICULUS,  Penicillus,  Tent. 
PENIDE,  Penidiiim. 
PENIDES,  Saccharum  hordeatum. 
PENID'IUM,    Peiiidinm    saechara'tiim,    from 
penin,   'a  tail,' from   the   shape  [?],   (F.)  Pe.nide, 
Sucre  tors.  A  kind  of  clarified  sugar,  made  up  into 
rolls.     Barley  sugar.     It  is  demulcent;  see  Sac- 
charum hordeatum. 

PENIL,  Mons  veneris. 

PENIS,  'a  tail.'    GanUs,  Cnles,  Cnnles,  Criulos, 
Men'tiila,    Jlentn.    Pliall'its,    Fardf'ern,    Posthe, 
Pros' thinm,    Crithe,    Cur'yne,    Vomer,   Pater  om' - 
nium  viven'tlum,   Priu'piis,   Viryn,   V.  viri'l^s,   \. 
yenita'lis,     Vere'trum,     Satlie,     Jfembrum    viri'le 
seu     semhiale     seu     getiitale    viro'rnm,     Mon'ott. 
Cyan,   Sie'nlct,    Teiitiim,   Ilasta,    H.  niipti'a'lis,  H. 
vi'ri'lis,   Vas,  Vas'cnhniifPeru'liitm,   Vir'gnla,  Vir, 
Thyrsus,    Teiisiis,    Clavtis,    Cauda    salax,    Cauda, 
Fas'cinxim,  F.  viri'le,  Jfiitn,  A'erviis,  N.  fistulo'siia 
seu    fisfida'ris    seu    Jiiveni'lis,    Per'tica   per    se, 
Scapiis.    Leco,    Cnrcu'lio,    Venn,     Cotitiis,     Telnvi, 
Giirf/ii'lio,  Sceptriim,   Arnia,  G/a'diiis,    Lu'hricitm 
Caput,  ]\ftiti'inis.  Pains,  Pts'snhis,  Radix.  Itamns, 
lintah' nlnm,   Anna   Ventris,  C'dnnina  adstans  in- 
(jnin'ibus,  C'dminia,  Pyr'amis,  Trahs,  Spina,  Cata- 
pnlta    viri'lis,     Verpa,    ilfa<di(P,'ra,     Taurns ;    the 
Yard,  j\[ale  organ,  &c.  (F.)    Verge,  Meinhre  virll. 
This  organ,  the  nsc  of  which  is  to  carry  the  semi- 
nal fluid  into  the  female  organs  of  generation,  is 
cylindroid,  long,  and  erectile,  and  situate  before 
and  beneath  the  symphysis  pubis.     In  the  ordi- 
nary state,  it  is  soft  and  pendent  in  front  of  the 
scrotum.    During  erection,  it  becomes  elongated, 
upright,    and   assumes   a    triangular   shape.     Its 
upper   surface  is   called   the  JJorsnm  penis,  (P.) 
Dus  de  la   verge;    and,   at  its   anterior  surface, 
there  is  a  longitudinal  projection   formed  by  the 
canal  of  the  urethra.    The  two  sides  of  the  penis 
are  round,  and  its  posterior  extremity  or  root  is 
attached  to  the  pelvis.     Its  anterior  extremity  is 
free,  and  presents  the  glans,  prepuce,  and  orifice 
of  the  urethra.     The  penis  is  formed  of  the  cor- 
pora cavernosa,  the  principal  seat  of  erection  ; 
the  corpus  spongiosuoi    of  the   urethra,  for  the 
conveyance  of  the  urine  and  sperm  ;  and  of  the 
glans,  which  terminates  the  canal.     The  Arteries 
of  the  penis  are  branches  of  the  internal  pudic. 
The  Veins  correspond   with   the   arteries.      The 
Nerves  are  from  the  internal  pudic. 

Penis  Ckijkbri,  Pineal  gland  —  p.  Feinineus, 
Clitoris — p.  Lipodermus,  Paraphimosis — p.  Mulie- 
bris.  Clitoris. 

PENNATUS,  Penniform. 

PEN'NIFOR.^,  Pcnni/ur'mis,  Penna'tus,  from 
penna,  'a  pen,'  und  forma,  'form.'  An  epithet 
fur  muscles  whose  fleshy  fibres  are  inserted  on 
each  side  of  a  middle  tendon,  like  the  feathers  of 
a,  pen  on  their  common  stalk. 

PENNSYLVA'NIA,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  'I'he  most  celebrated  are  those  of  Bedford. 
The  Carlisle,  Ephrata,  and  Yellow  Springs  are 
also  frequented. 

PENKYCRESS,  Thlaspi. 


PENNY'ROY'AL,  Mentha  pulegium,  Iledcomft 
pulegioides — p.  Hart's,  Mentha  cervina. 

PENNYWORT,  ASIATIC,  Ilydrocotyle 
Asiatiea. 

PENSACOLA,  see  Saint  Augustine. 

PENSEE,  Viola  tricolor  —  p.  Sauvuge,  Viola 
tricolor. 

PENSILIA,  Pudibilia. 

PENSY,  Viola  tricolor. 

PENTAMY'RON,  from  TrtvTt,  'five,' and  p,v^ov, 
'ointment.'  An  ancient  ointment,  ctmsisling  of 
five  ingredients.  These  are  said  to  have  been  — 
storax,  mastich,  vrax,  opobalsam,  and  ungueiiluni 
nardinum. —  Paulns,  and  Aetius. 

PENTAPIIAR'MACON,  from  nivrt,  'five' 
and  (papfxaKov,  'remedy.'  Any  medicine  consist- 
ing of  five  ingredients. 

PENTAPIIYLLUM.  Potentilla  reptans. 

PEN'TATEUCH,  (SURGICAL,)  Penlaten'. 
chns,  from  vcrrt,  'five,'  and  r£«;^o;,  'a  book,' 
which  signifies  the  five  books  of  Moses — Gene^is, 
E.Yodus,  Leviticus,  Numbers,  and  Deuteronomy, 
By  analogy,  some  surgecms  have  given  the  name 
Surgical  Pentateuch  to  the  division  of  exleriiiil 
diseases  into  five  classes:  —  wounds,  ulcers,  tu- 
mours, luxations,  and  fractures. 

PENTATIPETUM,  from  rcvrc,  'five,'  and 
Tidtvat,  '  to  place.'  An  ancient  plaster  consisiing 
of  five  ingredients. 

PENULA,  Ingluvies. 

PENZANCE,  CLIMATE  OF.  This  is  the 
chief  residence  of  invalids  in  Cornwall,  Engliind, 
during  the  winter.  It  is  situated  on  Mount's 
Bay,  about  ten  miles  from  the  Land's  End.  It  is 
6i°  warmer  in  winter  than  London ,  2°  colder  in 
summer:  scarcely  1°  warmer  in  the  spring,  and 
only  about  2J°  warmer  in  the  autumn.  It  i.s  a 
very  favourable  winter  residence  for  the  phthisical 
invalid. 

PEONY,  Pajonia. 
PKPANSIS,  Coction,  Maturation. 
PEPANTICOS,  Maturative. 
PEPASMOS,  Coction,  Maturation. 
PEPAS'TIC,  Pepas'ticiis,  from  -cnnivii),  'I  con- 
coct.'     A  medicine  supposed  to  have  the  power 
of  favouring  the  concoction  of  diseases.    Matu- 

PEPETRUS.  Concocted. 

PEPERL  Piper. 

PEP /NO  (S.).  A  cucurhitacea,  which  is  culti- 
vated in  great  abundance  in  the  fields  of  Peru. 
The  pulp  or  edible  part  is  solid,  juicy,  and  well 
flav<iured;  but  is  apt  to  disagree. 

PEPO,  Cucurbita  pepo — p.  Lagennrius,  Ciicur- 
bita  lagenaria — p.  Vulgaris,  Cucurbita  pepo. 

PEPPER.  BLACK,  Piper  nigrum  — p.  Cay- 
enne, Capsicum  annuum  —  p.  Chilly,  Capsicum 
annuum  —  p.  Cubeb,  Piper  cubeba  —  p.  Decorti- 
cated, Fulton's,  see  Piper  nigrum  —  p.  Guinea, 
Capsicum  annuum — p.  Jamaica,  Myrtus  Pimento 
— p.  Long,  Piper  longum. 

Pkppeh  Bush,  Swekt,  Clethra  alnifolia. 

Pkpper,  Mai.agxiet'a.  This  term  has  been 
applied  to  the  fruit  or  seeds  of  several  zingihe- 
raceous  plants,  as  well  as  to  the  pimento.  It  is 
usually  considered  to  be  s}'nonymous  with  Grann 
Paradi'si,  Grains  of  Par'adise,  and  Grana  Qiiine- 
en'sia,  Guinea  grains. — Pereira. 

Peppkr,  Pook-Man's,  Polygonum  hydrnpi|ier 
—  p.  Tailed,  Piper  cubeba — p.  Turnip,  Arum  tri- 
phyllum — p.  Water,  Polygonum  hydropipcr— p. 
Water,  of  America.  Polygonum  punctatum  —  p. 
Wall.  Sedum — p.  White,  Piper  album. 

PEPPERWORT,  Lcpidium. 

PEPSIN,  Pepsiup,  Peps'inum,  Chy'mosin,  Gas- 
terase,  Digcs'tire  Priii'eiple,  from  rti^if,  '  coction, 
'  digestion.'  A  peculiar  organic  matter,  which,  in 
combination  with  the  gastric  acids,  is  considered 
to  form  the  proper  digestive  solvent.     Its  cLcmi-- 


PEPSIxVU.M 


693 


PERI.ERESIS 


fftl  constitution  is  unknown.  It  would  appear 
that  its  presence  is  necessary  to  induce  clianges  in 
the  elements  of  the  food,  which  may  enable  the 
gastric  acids  to  act  upon  them  so  as  to  form 
ehyiiie. 

PEPSINUM,  Pepsin. 

PKPSrs,  Coction,  Di'^estion. 

PEPTIC,  I'ep'ticiiH,  from  neirro},  'I  ripen,'  'I 
digest.'  An  agent  that  promotes  digestion,  or  is 
digestive.  Also,  applied  adjectively  to  an  article 
of  food  that  is  easy  of  digestion. 

Pi;i>Tic  Pkusuader,  see  Pilulae  aloes  et  Kinee 
KiniB. 

PI'IPTONE.  A  presumed  definite  combination 
between  the  solvent  fluid  in  the  stomach,  and  al- 
buminous tiiatters  received  into  the  organ  as  ali- 
ments.    The  same  as  Albuminose. 

PER,  'by  or  through,'  in  composition  often 
gives  intensity  to  the  signification :  as  pcrtusHis,  a 
violent  cough. 

PERACUTUS,  Catoxys. 

PERARTIOULATIO,  Diarthrosis. 

PERATODYNIA,  Cardialgia. 

J'Elt CE- CRANE,  Perforator. 

7'A'/i!(7/?-/'^{//A/,A',Bupleurumrotundifolium. 
PKUCE-MO USSE,  Poly trichum. 
FEltCE-MURAILLE,  Parietaria. 
PERCE-PIEIIRE,  Crithmum  maritimum. 
PERCEP'TA,  from  perclpere,  perceptum,  {per, 
and  ciipiti.)  '  to  perceive,'  '  receive.'     A  word  used 
by  some  writers  on  hygiene  to  indicate,  in  a  gene- 
ral manner,  the  etfects  of  the  nervous  action  on 
the  animal  economy:  in  other  words,  the  sensa- 
tions, the  functions  of  the  mind,  and  their  dete- 
rioration or  privation. 
PERCEPTIBILITY,  see  Sensibility. 
PERCEP'TION,    Perocp'iio.     Same    etymon. 
The  appreciation  which   the  brain  has  of  an  im- 
pression made  upon  an  organ  of  sense. 

PERCEPTIVITY.  Same  etymon.  The  power 
of  perception. 
PERCOLATIO,  Filtration,  Percolation. 
PERCOLA'TION,  Pcrcoln't!o,  from  percolare, 
pcrcoldtum,  {per,  and  colare,)' to  strain   through.' 
The    terms  per- 
colation and  (//»- 
2>lncenient       are 
applied  in  phar- 
macy to  an  ope- 
ration        which 
consists    in   pla- 
cing    any    sub- 
stance,  the    vir- 
tues    of    which 
have   to   be   ex- 
tracted     by      a 
menstruum,  in  a 
f  u  nn  el  -  shaped 
instrument,  hav- 
ing a  septum  perforated  with  holes,  or  its  tube 
.'tuffed   with    cotton   or  tow,   and  pouring  fresh 
portions  of  the  menstruum  upon  it  until  all  its 
virtues    have   been  extracted.     The  operation  is 
used  in   the   formation  of  certain  infusions,  ex- 
tracts, tinctures,  Ac. 

An  instrument  used  for  this  purpose  is  called  a 
di'tp/dccr  or  per'cohilor. 
PERCOLATOR,  see  Percolation. 
PERCUSS.  Percii'lere,  Percussion,  {per,  and 
quatere,  'to  Strike,')  (F.)  Perciitcr,  Frapper.  Same 
etymon  as  the  next.  To  strike  upon  with  the 
view  of  appreciating  the  resulting  sound.  To 
practise  percussion. 

VVMCV&'SIOI^,  Epicron'aio,  Percxts'sxo.  When 
immeiihiic  or  direct  percussion  is  made  on  the 
chest  or  abdomen,  the  more  or  less  perfect  reso- 
nance is  an  iudcx  of  the  state  of  the  contained  J! 


Displacer  or  Tercolator. 


organs;  and  the  physician  is  thus  aided  in  his 
diagnosis.  For  this  purpose  the  chest  may  be 
struck  with  the  fingers,  gathered  into  a  bundle, 
and  their  tips  placed  upon  a  levcL  It  is  better, 
however,  to  employ  mediate  percitssion,  which 
consists  in  interposiug,  between  the  point  of  the 
fingers  and  the  chest,  the  finger  of  the  other 
hand,  or  a  Plexim'eter,  and  striking  this  instead 
of  the  naked  chest. 

Peijchssion,  Auscultatory,  see  Acouophonia. 

PE ROUTER,  Percuss. 

PERCUTEUR  COURBE  A  MARTEAU, 
(F.)  An  instrument  used  by  Baron  Ileurteloup 
in  the  operation  of  lithotomy,  in  which  a  ham- 
mer is  employed  instead  of  a  screw,  to  force  to- 
gether the  blades  of  the  instrument  on  the  forei^a 
body.  ° 

PERDO'NIUM.  A  medicated  wine  of  herbs. 
— Paracelsus. 

PERETERIUM,  Trepan. 
PERETORIUM,  Trepan. 

PER'FORANS,  from  perfornre,  {per,  and  fo. 
rare,)  'to  bore  through.'  A  name  given  to  diiffe- 
rent  muscles,  whose  tendons  ))ass  Through  inter- 
vals between  the  fibres  or  tendons  of  other  mus- 
cles; thence  called  perforated.  See  Flexor 
Longus  Digitorum,  <tc.  Under  the  name  Per'- 
foratiuij  Ar'teries,iirQ  included,  I.  In  the  hand — 
arterial  branches,  given  off  by  the  profound 
palmar  arch,  which  traverse  the  muscles  and  in- 
terosseous spaces.  2.  h,  the  th!>/)i—lhvec  or  four 
arteries,  furnished  by  the  profunda,  which  pass 
through  the  openings  of  the  abductor  magnus. 
3.  In  the  foot— tho  anterior  and  superior  branches 
of  the  plantar  arch. 

Pehpouans  Casskrii,  see  Cutaneous  — p.  Ma- 
nds.  Flexor  profundus  perfonuis  —  p.  Profundus, 
Flexor  longus  digitorum  pedis  profundus  perfo- 
rans. 

PERFORATED  SPOT,  Locus  perforatus. 
PERFORATING  ARTERIES,  see  Perforans. 
PERFORATIO,  Perforation —p.    Cranii,    see 
Perforah)r  — p.  Intcstinorum,  Enterobrosis  —  p. 
Ventriculi,  Gastrobrosis. 

PERFORA'TION,  Per/ora'tio,  Amilre'sis,  D!- 
atre'sis.  Same  etymon  as  Perforans.  An  acci- 
dental opening  in  the  continuity  of  organs,  either 
from  an  external  or  internal  cause. 

Perforation,  Paracentesis  —  ;),  de  VE^tomac, 
Gastrobrosis — p.  des  Intestins,  Enterobrosis  —  p. 
Uteri,  Uterus,  rupture  of  the. 

PER'FORATOR,  Perfurato'rimn,  (F.)  Perve- 
crane.  An  instrument  for  opening  the  head  of 
the  foetus  in  utero,  when  it  is  necessary  to  dimi- 
nish its  size.  The  operation  is  called  Ctphulv- 
tom'ia,  Perfnra'tio  cra'nii. 

PERFORATORIUM.  Perforator. 
PERFORA'TUS.       That    which    is    pierced. 
Anatomists    have   given    this   name   to   muscles 
whose  fibres  or  tendons  separate  to  suffer  other 
parts  to  pass  through  them.     Such  are  the  Flexor 
brevis    digitorum  pedia,   F.    siiblimie   perforntun, 
and   Cornco-brachialis.     Also,   to   parts   that  are 
perforated  for  any  purpose  —  as  the  substan'tia 
perfora'ta  of  the  brain. 
Perforatus  Casskrii,  Coraco-brachialis. 
PERFRIC'TIO,     Perfriye'rium,      Cutapsyx'ia, 
Peripni/i'is.  from  pcr/riyere,  perfrictum,  {per,  and 
frit/ere,)  'to  shiver  with  cold.'     Considerable  re- 
frigeration.    Great  sense  of  cold  :  —  shivering. 
PERFRIOERATIO,  see  Rigor. 
PERFRIGERIUM,  Perfrictio. 
PERFUSIO,   Fomentation  —  p.    Frigida,   see 
Affusion. 

PERI,  ncpt,  'about,  on  nil  sides,  round  about.' 
An  augmentative  prefix.     Hence  : 

PERIJE'REISIS,  from  peri,  and  aipcui,  'I  take 
away.'  A  sort  of  circular  incision,  which  the 
ancients  made  in  the  neighbourhood  of  large  ab- 


PERIALGIA 


694 


rERICYSTITIS 


sccsses.  The  periieresis  is  now  only  practised  in 
some  cases  of  tumours. 

PEKIAL'GIA,  from  ^jcn',  and  aSyoi,  'pain.' 
A  verv  violent  pain. 

PERIAMMA,  Amulotum. 

PEKIAPTON,  Ainuletum. 

PERIBLAST,  Periplast,  (F.)  Ph-ihlasie,  from 
irtpi,  '  around,'  and  fiXuaToi,  '  a  germ.'  The  amor- 
phous matter,  which  surrounds  the  endoblast,  en- 
dopUtst,  (F.)  Jiiidobldste  or  cell  nucleus,  and  un- 
dergoes segmentation. 

PERIBLEMA,  Catablema. 

PEKIBLEP'SIS,  from  pert,  and  /JAtru.,  'I 
look.'  The  wild  look  that  accompanies  delirium. 
— Foesius. 

PERIB'OLE.  from  vcpiliaXXui,  (irtpt,  and  fiaWw), 
'  I  surround.'  Tlie  dress  of  a  person.  The  peri- 
cardium. Also,  the  translation  of  morbific  mat- 
ters towards  the  surface  of  the  body. 

PERIBRO'SIS,  Pericra'xis,  from  neptPpiiicKW, 
[TTcpi,  and  (ipuicKia, '  I  eat,')  '  I  eat  around.'  Ulce- 
ration or  erosion  at  the  corners  of  the  eyelids. 

PERICAK'DIAC,  Perlcar'dial,  Perlcardi'a- 
cnn  ;  same  etymon  as  Pericardium.  Relating  to 
the  ])crieardiLim,— as  ' pericardi<d  murmur,'  'pe- 
ricardial effusion,'  ' 2)ericardial  arteries,  veins,' 
(fee,  &c. 

PERICARDIAL,  Pericardiac. 

PERICARDI'TIS,  from  pericardium,  and  ttis, 
denoting  inliauimation  ;  Injlamma'tio  scu  Pleuri'- 
tis  pericar'dii,  Cardi'tis  c.cter'na  seu  sero'sa  seu 
meinbroiio'aa,  Exocardi'tis,  Tiijlamma'tion  of  the 
pericardium,  (F.)  Pericardite,  Iitjlammation  dii 
Pericarde.  This  is  probably  the  proper  appella- 
tion for  most  of  those  cases  which  have  received 
the  names  of  Carditis,  Cnrdipericardi'tis,  Cardo- 
pericardi'tis,  and  Oardiopericardi'tis.  Along 
with  signs  of  pyrexia,  the  local  symptoms  resem- 
ble those  of  pneumonia.  Those  which  point  out 
that  the  pericardium  is  the  seat  of  disease,  are 
the  following : — pain,  referred  to  the  region  of  the 
heart,  or  the  scrobiculus  cordis, — sometimes  pun- 
gent, at  others,  dull  and  heavy :  palpitation,  ac- 
companied with  spasmodic  twitchings  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  the  heart,  shooting  up  to  the 
left  shoulder ;  pulsation,  and  sometimes  soreness 
of  the  carotids,  with  tinnitus  aurium  and  vertigo  ; 
the  breathing  is  by  catches;  dyspnoea  conside- 
rable; pulse  jarring,  jerking,  peculiar ;  the  tongue 
white,  covered  with  a  mucous  coat,  and  the  skin 
often  bathed  in  sweat,  as  in  acute  rheumatism. 
The  phyxical  signs  during  the  first  period  are  as 
follows.  The  action  of  the  heart  is  generally 
evident  to  the  eye,  and  may  be  felt  by  the  hand. 
Tliere  is  soreness  to  the  touch  over  the  intercos- 
tal spaces,  and  over  a  small  surface  in  the  epi- 
gastric region,  when  the  pressure  is  directed  up- 
wards towards  the  pericardium.  Percussion  is 
usually  natural,  but  at  times  there  is  dulness. 
On  auscultation,  the  cardiac  movements  are 
found  to  be  frequent,  abrupt,  jerking,  and  tu- 
multuous; often  irregular  and  intermittent.  The 
pulse  presents  corresponding  characters.  When 
effusion  of  lymph  has  occurred,  percussion  may 
he  negative,  or  be  but  slightly  affected.  On  aus- 
cultation, in  addition  to  the  preceding  signs, 
there  may  be  one  or  more  of  the  rubbing  or  fric- 
tion bruits  resembling  the  rustling  of  parchment, 
or  of  a  sawing  or  rasping  character.  In  some 
cases,  the  sound  is  like  the  creaking  of  new 
leather.  This  has  been  supposed  to  be  patho- 
gnomonic of  effused  lymph.  The  most  important 
point  in  the  pathology  of  pericarditis  is  its  con- 
ne.xion  with  acute  rheumatism:  and  it  forms  one 
of  the  most  dangerous  occurrences  in  the  latter 
disease.  It  may  be  acute  or  chronic:  in  either 
case,  it  is,  of  course,  formidable.  The  most  act- 
ive depletion  must  be  used ;  with  large  doses  of 
opium,  counter-irritants,  and  all   the  means  re- 


quired  in    the  most  violent  internal  inflnnimn- 
tions. 

PKRICARniTIS  EXSUDATORIA  SaXOUISOI.E.VTA, 
Hwmopericardium. 

PERICAR'DIUM,  Pcricar'dion,  Pcrib'ole, 
Membra'na  Cor  circumplex'a,  luvoht'crum  seu 
Ar'cula  seu  Capsa  seu  Cap'sula  seu  Cam'ern  sou 
Iiiduiiien'tuin  seu  Pauuic' ulus  seu  Menibra'na  seu 
Theca  seu  Sacciis  seu  Sac'culus  seu  Srrotimt  si-u 
Vayi'na  seu  Vesi'ca  seu  Area  seu  That'aiiiiis  re- 
ga' lis  sen  Atnphies'iua  seu  Piirsa  Cordis,  jVhc  or 
Capsule  of  the  Heart,  (F.)  Pericarde  ;  from  peri, 
and  Kapiia,  'the  heart.'  The  pericardiiiui  is  a 
membranous  sac,  which  envelopes  the  heart,  and 
the  arterial  and  venous  trunks  that  |)ass  from  or 
into  it.  It  is  seated  in  the  separation  of  the  me- 
diastinum, above  the  central  aponeurosis  of  llio 
diaphragm,  to  which  it  strongly  adheres.  Iia 
shape  is  triangular,  like  that  of  the  heart,  to 
which  it  is  fitted.  The  pericardium  is  coniimsed 
of  two  membranes: — the  one — external — filiroiis; 
the  other — internal — serous.  The  latter,  having 
lined  the  inner  surface  of  the  external  hiycr,  is 
rellected  over  the  heart,  and  covers  it  entirely  ; 
without,  however,  having  the  heart  within  it:  in 
which  arrangement  it  resembles  other  scrnns 
meuibranes.  The  pericardium  envelops  tiie  heart ; 
retains  it  in  position,  and  facilitates  its  move- 
ments by  moans  of  the  serous  fluid  contained  in 
its  cavity — Cavum  jyericardii — and  secreted  by 
the  membrane  —  Liquor  seu  A(jna  seu  Jhnnor  seu 
Lijinpha  seu  Uri'na  Pericar'dii,  J/i/drocar'dia, 
which  it  contains  in  greater  or  less  quantity. 

The  arteries  of  the  pericardium  are  small,  Oiid 
derived  from  the  superior  phrenic,  anterior  me- 
diastinal and  bronchial.  'The  veins  accompany 
them,  and  open  into  the  brachio-ccphalic.  No 
nerves  have  been  traced  to  it.  The  lipnphatirs 
enter  the  lymphatic  glands  that  surround  the 
vena  cava  superior. 

PERICARPIUM,  Epicarpium. 

PERICHOLIA,  Polycholia. 

PERICIIONDRI'TIS,  Injlamma'tio  pcrichon'- 
drii,  from  perichondrium,  and  itis,  denoting  in- 
flammation. Inflammation  of  the  perichondrium  : 
hence  Perich.ondri'tis  larijnge'a  ; — Inflammation 
of  the  perichondrium  covering  the  larynx. 

PERICUON'DRIUM,  (F.)  Piriehmdre,  from 
peri,  and  ■)(^ovipoi,  'a  cartilage.'  A  membrane  of 
a  fibrous  nature,  which  covers  cartilages  that  arp 
non-articular,  and  bears  considerable  analogy  to 
the  periosteum  in  organization  and  uses. 

PERICIIRISIS,  Cireumlitio,  Liniment. 

PERICHRISTON,  Cireumlitio,  Liniment. 

PERICLA'SIS,  from  peri,  and  K\au>,  'I  break. 
A  comminuted  fracture,  with  denudation  of  the 
bone.  —  Galen.  Foesius. 

PERICLYMBNUM,  Lonicera  pcriclymcnum 
—  p.  Vulgare,  Lonicera  pcriclymcnum. 

PERICNE'MIA,  from  peri,  and  Kvnpn,  'the 
leg.'  The  parts  surrounding  the  tibia; — the  tioia 
itself. 

PERICOLONI'TIS,  Pericoli'tis,  from  peri,  and 
colonitis.  Inflammation  of  the  areolar  tissue  sur- 
rounding the  colon. 

PERICOLPI'TIS,  from  peri,  KoXnoi.  'vagina,' 
and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  the  areolar  tissue  surrounding  the  vagina. 

PERICRANICEDE'MA,  from  pericratiinm, 
and  ot&ripia,  'a  swelling.'  ffidema  of  the  head, 
owing  to  fluid  effused  under  the  pericranium. 

PERICRA'NIUM,  Pericra'nion,  Pericra'iiia, 
(F.)  Pericrane,  from  j^eri,  and  Kpaviov,  'the  cra- 
nium.' The  periosteum,  which  covers  the  cra- 
nium externallv. 

PERICRA.SiS,  Peribrosis. 
PERICYSTI'TIS,  from  peri,  Kvam,  'the  Wad- 
der,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.    Inflam- 


TE  RID  Ell  I A 


G9: 


PERIODOSCOPE 


mation  of  the  areolar  tissue  separating  the  blaJ- 
d.T  from  tlie  neigiibourinj^  parts. 

I'KllIDKR'IA,  from  ;jp)/,  and  itpn,  'the  neck.' 
Twistini;  <.f  the  cord  round  the  neck  of  the  child. 

PI, HI  DIvS'MIC,  Periilcn'micus ;  from  peri, 
and  (5f(r/<fH, 'a  ligument.'  Some  nosologists  have 
given  tlii.s  name  to  isciiuria  caused  by  a  lijjature 
round  tlie  penis  or  by  stricture  of  the  urethra. 

I'KRIDIiS'MIUM,  from  /<«//,  and  <!f(7^o5,  'liga- 
ment.' The  delicate  areolar  tissue  covering  a 
ligament. 

PlvlU DIASTOLE,  see  Diastole. 

I'KItlDIDYME,  see  Testicle. 

I'ERID'ROMUS,  from  pen,  and  ^poyDs,  'a 
course.'  The  extreme  circumference  of  the  hairs 
of  the  heail.  —  Gorrneus. 

PERIESTICOS,  Salutary. 

PKRKJLOTTIS,  Epiglottic  gland:  sec  Tongue. 

PERKVRAIMIE,  from  7rE,'<ypa(/,u>,  (Tf^i,  and 
ypaipui,  'I  write,')  'I  circumscribe.'  Tlie  apo- 
neurotic intersections  of  the  rectus  abdominis  are 
Bo  called. — Vesiilius. 

PEUniEl'ATITIS.  see  Hepatitis. 

PERILARYNGl'TIS,  from  pti-;,  Uirynx,  and 
itlK,  denoting  iiiflamniiition.  Inflammation  of  the 
aronlnr  tis.-^ue  surrounding  the  laryn.x,  which  not 
unl'rciiucntly  ends  in  perihai/Df/eal  ahsccng. 

PERILYAIP]!,  Cotunnius,  liquor  of. 

PERIMYELITIS,  Meningitis,  spinal. 

PERIMYS'IUM,  Fan'ciii,  from  ^jf;i',  and  /<«{, 
'a  muscle.'  The  nreolar  membrane  or  sheath  — 
r(i(/i'iia  intiscula'ris — that  surrounds  a  muscle,  or 
its  fasciculi.  The  sheath  of  the  whole  muscle  is 
termed  I'eritin/ulitm  externum;  of  the  fasciculi, 
J'('n'}iii/i<iiini  internum. 

PERIN,  Peris,  from  ntpa,  'a  sac  or  pouch.' 
With  some,  this  mciins  the  scrotum;  with  others, 
the  testii:le;  with  others,  the  vagina;  with  others, 
the  pcritDUiiMun  ;  and  with  others,  the  anus. 

PERIN.E,Of'ELE,  Hernia,  perineal. 

PKHIX/EOR'RIIAPIIY,  PcrincBorrhaj^Win, 
from  TTtpiinioi',  'iierinicum,'  and  paipTi,  'suture.' 
Suture  of  the  perioivum,  (F.)  Suture  du  Perin^e, 
in  discs  of  Inceration  of  the  same. 

PERINiE'UM,  Iiiterfemin'eum,  Tnterfccmin'- 
eiim,  liiti-rfuiiiiu'iinn,  Intcrf(e'mlna,  Iter  femin'- 
eum,  Perin,  Perin,  Perineum,  Grenau'ro,  Plechns, 
Am'phiplex,  Peche'cleon,  Afenos'cehtn,  Ifeson'celu^, 
Ferine' on,  Pcrina'on,  Ferine' as.  Tram  is,  Tnuros, 
Iiitcr/orani ine' um,  Cocho'ne,  Fliehos,  J/esnme'rion, 
Fwmen,  Re't/io  Perincp'i,  (F.)  Ferlnee,  (rrriptv, 
vnfnvos,  'the  scrotum' [?].)  The  space  at  the 
interior  region  of  the  trunk,  between  the  isehiatic 
tuberosities,  anus,  and  genital  organs.  It  is 
smaller  in  the  female  than  in  the  male;  has  a 
triangular  shape,  and  is  divided  into  two  equal 
parts  by  a  median  line,  called  Jltiplie.  It  is  oc- 
casionally ruptured  in  labour.  At  times,  it  has 
been  made  to  e.xtend  posteriorly  as  far  as  the  os 
coccygis.  The  part  between  the  pudendum  and 
nnus  is  sometimes  called  ante'rior  perina'um,  to 
distinguish  it  from  that  which  extends  from  the 
anus  to  the  coccyx,  called  jjoste'rior  perince'nm. 

PERIN.EUS,"Perineal. 

PERIN E'AL,  Ferince'ns,  Peri7nea'lis,  Peri- 
nea'lis.  That  which  relates  or  belongs  to  the 
perinaMim;  as  Perineal  artcri/,  P.  hernia,  &C. 

1'kuinkai,  Aponk.i:|{Osis,  P.  Fascia. 
Pkiiineai,    Artkuv,   Arte'ria   perincBa'lis,  Su- 
perficial arteri/  nf  the  Perince'iim.     A  branch  of 
the  internal  piidic  distributed  to  the  perinseum. 

PiiKiN'EAL  CuTAXKOUS  Nerve,  See  Sciatic 
nerve,  lesser. 

Pkrinkal  Fas'ciA.  Fns'cia  Perincn'i,  Perine'al 
apiineuri>'>>ii>.  The  fascite, — super/ieial  and  deep- 
seated — Perine'al  lii/' anient  —  Camper's  ligament, 
Trian'gular  llij'ament, — which  belong  to  the  peri- 
iia'um. 


Perine'al  Fossa,  Fossa  perinm'i,  Ischio-rectal 
fossa.  A  conical  fossa,  the  base  of  which  cor- 
responds with  the  skin  ;  is  formed  anteriorly  by 
the  transversus  perinaei  muscle;  behind,  by  the 
inferior  border  of  the  gluta^us  maximus ;  inter- 
nally, by  the  levator  ani;  and  externally,  by  the 
tuber  ischii.  It  is  filled  up  with  fat  and  fibrous 
striae. 

Perineal  Ischuria,  Isehu'ria  Perinea'lis.  A 
name  given  by  Sauvages  to  retention  of  urine, 
caused  by  a  tumour  seated  in  the  perinasum. 

Perineal  Ligament,  see  P.  fascia. 

Perineal  Nerve.  A  branch  of  the  internal 
pudic ;  which  is  mainly  distributed  to  the  peri- 
nipum  and  scrotum  of  the  male;  and  to  the  vulva 
and  perina-Him  of  the  female. 

Perineal  Region,  Perinreura. 

Perineal  Section,  Sec'tio  perincp.o'lis.  An 
incision  into  the  perinseum  for  the  cure  of  stric- 
ture of  the  urethra. 

J'FRINEE,  Perinseum. 

PERINEPIIRI'TIS,  (F.)  Phlegmon  perine- 
phretlque,  from  peri,  ve^pof,  'kidney,'  and  itin, 
denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  ex- 
ternal areolar  and  fibrous  membranes  of  the  kid- 
ney, or  of  their  investing  adipose  areolar  tissue. 

PERINEPIIRUS,  see  Kidney. 

PERINEURION,  Neurilemma. 

PERINE  VRE,  Neurilemma. 

PERINYC'TIDES,  ircpi.andi/uf,  vvkto^,  'night.' 
An  eruption  appearing  at  night  and  disappearing 
by  day. — Erotian. 

PE'RIOD,  Pe'riodus,  Periodei'a,  Periodeu'sis, 
Sta'dium,  Circn'itus,  (P.)  Piriode,  from  peri,  and 
'ofios,  'way;'  Circuit.  Periods  are  the  different 
phases  or  revolutions  of  a  disease,  —  the  epochs 
which  are  distinguishable  in  the  course  of  a  dis- 
ease. Three  periods  are  commonly  enumerated. 
1.  The  augmentation,  increase,  or  progress,  [In- 
cremen'tiim ;)  2.  The  acme  or  height,  (F. )  Etat 
(Status;)  and,  3.  The  decline  (Decrementum.) 
Some  authors  reckon  only  the  invasion  and  ter- 
mination. 

Period  is  sometimes  used  in  describing  an  in- 
termittent, for  the  time  between  the  commence- 
ment of  a  paroxj'sm  and  that  of  the  next,  in- 
cluding the  fit  as  well  as  interval. 

Periods,  Monthly,  Menses. 

PERIODEIA,  Period. 

PERIODEUSIS.  Period. 

PERIODEUTES,  Charlatan. 

PERIODICITY,  Periodic" itas.  Rhythm,  (F.) 
Feriudicite.  Same  etymon.  The  aptitude  of 
certain  phj'siological  and  pathological  pheno- 
mena, in  health  or  disease,  to  recur  at  particular 
periods,  after  longer  or  shorter  intervals,  during 
which  they  cease  completely.  Diseases,  thus  re- 
curring, are  called  periodical  or  rhyth'mical  — 
Typo'ses. 

PERIODOL'OGY^  Periodoloq"ia;  from  irspi- 
oios,  'a  course  or  circuit,'  and  Aoyuj,  'a  discourse.' 
The  doctrine  of  periodicity  in  health  and  disease. 

PERIODONTITIS,  (F.)  Periodontite,  Injlam- 
mation  de  la  3fembrane  alveolo-dentaire,  from 
peri,  and  oS.vs,  oSohtos,  'a  tooth.'  Inflammation 
of  the  membrane  that  lines  the  socket  of  a  tooth. 

Perioooxtitis  Gingiva  rum,  Ulitis. 

PERIOD'OSCOPE,  from  Trtpio&oi,  'a  period." 
and  anoTTno,  '  I  view.'  An  instrument,  proposed 
by  Dr.  Tyler  Smith,  for  the  ready  calculation  of 
the  periodical  functions  of  the  sex.  It  consists 
of  a  movable  circular  dial,  upon  which  the  months 
and  days  are  engraved,  fixed  on  a  pivot  in  the 
centre  of  a  large  plate  on  which  are  numbered 
the  difl"erent  conditions  "f  the  reproductive  sys- 
tem, as  conception,  abortion,  premature  labour, 
hemorrhage,  labour,  <fec.  By  a  knowledge  of  the 
date  of  conception,  say  November  14th,  and  fixing 


TERIODUS   LUNARIS 


0  9  0 


PERISTOLE 


the  movaMe  plate  opposite  the  point  on  the  fixed 
jiliite  which  indicates  conception,  the  observer  is 
enabled,  at  once,  to  see,  that,  allowing  280  days 
f:r  {gestation,  labour  may  be  expected  about  the 
llOth  of  August.  The  dial  is  made  of  card-board, 
and  is  affixed  to  a  small  volume,  in  which  its  uses 
and  api'licatious  are  explained. 

PEllIODUS  LUNARIS,  see  Menses— p. 
Mnrbi,  Type  —  p.  Sanguinis,  Circulation. 

PERIODYN'IA,  from  peri,  and  oivvyi,  'pain.' 
A  violent  and  extensive  pain. 
FERIONE,  Decidua. 

PERIOR'BITA,  PeriWteum  or'litm,  (F.)   Pe- 
i-iorhitc,  from  peri,  and  orbitn,  'the  orbit.'     An 
:i|ipellrttion    used,    by  some,  for    the    periosteum 
lining  the  orbit,  which  is  a  continuation   of  the 
dura  mater.    The  inflammation  of  this  periosteum 
is    termed   Periorhi'tis  or  Periorbiti'tis,  and  /u- 
;lmiiiiirt'lio  perinn'tei  or'hitcB. 
PERFORBITLS,  see  Periorbita. 
PERIORBITITIS,  see  Periorbita. 
PERIOSTEITIS,  see  Periostitis. 
PERIOS'TEOPHYTE,  from   periosteum,   and 
ijivii),    'I    grow.'      An    osseous    formation,    com- 
mencins  in  the  periosteum. 

PERIOS'TEUM,  Perios'tenn,  Periox'teos,  Pe- 
riim'tium,  Circnniossa'le,  3fenihrH'na  oHsin,  Onien'- 
t'Hii  os'siitin,  CircumoHsa'lin  ilemhra' na,  (F.)  Pe- 
1  idste,  from  peri,  and  oanov,  'a  bone.'  The  peri- 
osteum is  a  fibrous,  white,  resisting  medium,  which 
.•surrounds  the  bones  every  where,  except  the 
teeth  at  their  coronae,  and  the  parts  of  other  bones 
that  are  covered  with  cartilage.  The  external 
surface  is  united,  in  a  more  or  less  intimate  man- 
ner, to  the  neighbouring  parts  by  areolar  tissue. 
Its  inner  surface  covers  the  bone,  whose  depres- 
sions it  accurately  follows.  It  is  united  to  the 
bone  by  small,  fibrous  prolongations;  and,  espe- 
cially, by  a  prodigious  quantity  of  vessels,  which 
jienetrate  their  substance.  The  periosteum  unites 
the  bones  to  the  neighbouring  parts.  It  assists 
in  their  growth,  either  by  furnishing,  at  its  inner 
surface,  as  M.  Beclard  demonstrated,  an  albumi- 
nous exudation,  which  becomes  cartii?iginous,  and 
Ht  length  ossifies; — or  by  supporting  the  vessels, 
wliicli  penetrate  them  to  carry  the  materials  of 
their  nutrition.     See  Medullary  membrane. 

Periosteum  lyTEnNUiM,  Medullary  membrane 
—  p.  Orbitse,  Periorbita. 

PERIOSTI'TIS,  Periostei'tin,  Injlammn'tio  pe- 
ri'is'tei,  from  jx'rionteum,  and  itin,  denoting  in- 
flammation.    Inflammation  of  the  periosteum. 

PERIOS'TO-MEDULLI'TIS,  (F.)  Periosto- 
werlnUite,  from  perioxteum,  medulla,  'marrow,' 
rnd  itis,  a  suffix  denoting  inflammation.  Simul- 
taneous inflammation  of  the  periosteum  and  me- 
dulla spinalis. —  (Jerdy. 

PERIOSTO'SIS,  (F.)  Periostose.  Tumour  of 
the  periosteum.  Tumours  are  so  called  which 
are  developed  on  bones,  and  formed  by  their  outer 
membrane.  These  tumours  are  more  rapidly 
developed,  have  a  less  degree  of  consistence,  and 
sooner  disperse  than  exostoses,  which  they  re- 
semble greatly. 

PERIOSTOSTEI'TIS,  (F.)  Periostostiite,  from 
perionteum,  oanov,  'a  bone,'  and  itis,  denoting  in- 
flammation. Simultaneous  inflammation  of  the 
]  eriosteum  and  bone. —  Gerdy. 

PERIPHERAD,  see  Peripheral  aspect. 
PERIPH'ERAL,    Periph'eric,    Peripher'ical ; 
from  peri,  and  iptpia,  'I  bear.'     Relating  or  apper- 
taining to  the  periphery  or  circumference. 

Periphedal  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the 
circumference  of  an  organ. — Barclay.  Periph'- 
errid  is  used  by  the  same  writer  adverbially  to 
signify  'towards  the  peripheral  aspect.' 

PERIPHERAL  VASCULAR  SYSTEM,  Ca- 
pillary system. 


PERIPIIIMOSIS,  Paraphimosis. 

PERIPLAST,  Peribhist. 

PERIPLEUMOXIA.  Peripneumonia. 

PERIPLOCA  IXDICA.  Ilcmide.Mnus  Indicuj 
—  ]).  Miiuritiana,  see  Scauimony. 

PERIP'LYSIS,  from  peri,  and  irXixrjj,  'the  net 
of  washing;'  Projlii'vium.  A  copious  discharge 
from  anv  part,  especially  from  the  bowels. 

PERIPNEUMO'XIA,  Periplf„m</„ia,  Peri- 
pneuiixnii'lis,  I'rue  peripinii'inoiii/,  from  peri,  and 
nviviiiiiv,  'the  lung.'  Infliunmalion  of  the  sub- 
stance of  the  lungs.     See  Pneumonia. 

Peiupneumonma  BiLio'sA.  Inflammation  of 
the  lungs,  accomjianied  witli  bilious  fever. 

Peiup.neumo'nia  Catahimia'lis.  Briinchitis  or 
pulmonary  catarrh,  with  pain  in  some  part  of  the 
chest.     Peripneumonia  notlia. 

PEruPNEiiMo'NlA  NoTHA,  P.  spn'ria  sen  pilni- 
to'sn  seu  catarrhd'lis,  /'iicuDio'uiri  tiiilhii,  PKeiuln- 
j)erij)neiinioiiia,  Pneudo-pueumouid,  Puciidnpneii- 
mo}ii'ti8,  Bronchnc'uce,  lllenuotho' ra.r.  ()bntnie'llo 
pulino'num pituito'aci/ebri'lis,  lirouclii'tin  nnlhen'- 
ica,  False  or  Bastard  Peripnoi'mouy,  (F.)  P(- 
ripneumonie  bdtarde  ou  fausse,  Fausse  piieiniiuiiie. 
An  inexact  name,  under  which  some  affections 
are  comprised  that  resemble  pneumonia;  an<l, 
especially  chronic  bronchitis  with  pleurodynia. 
See  Bronchitis  (chronic.) 

Peripneumonia  Pituitosa,  P.  notha. 

PERIPNEUMONITIS,  Peripneumonia. 

PERIPNEUMONY,  Pneumonia  — p.  Jiastard, 
Peripneumonia  notha. 

PEitiP.NEtiMONY,  Latent.  Pcripneumony  whoso 
symptoms  are  so  obscure  as  to  be  recognised  with 
difficulty. 

PERIPROCTI'TIS,  from  Trepi,  'around,'  and 
TTpwicroj,  'the  anus.'  Inflammation  of  the  areolar 
tissue  surrounding  the  rectum. 

PERIPSYXIS,  Catapsyxis,  Perfrictio. 

PERIPYE'MA,  from  ]>eri,  and  jrvov,  'pus.' 
Suppuration  around  an  organ;  —  a  tooth  fur  ex- 
ample. 

PERIRRHCE'A,  Perir'rhoi,  from  peri,  and 
i>t<i>,  'I  flow.'  Afflux  of  fluids  from  every  point 
of  the  body  towards  an  organ  which  has  to  remove 
them  from  the  economy.     Also,  enuresis. 

PERIS,  Perin. 

PERLSCELIS,  Jarretiere. 

PERISCYPHISMUS.  Periscythismus. 

PERISCYTIIIS'MUS,  Periscy'thisis,  Pert- 
scytis'mns,  Periscy'tisls,  Perisei/'phisis,  Peri- 
scyphismus,  Scalping,  from  peri,  and  T,KvOris,  'a 
Scythian,'  that  is,  '  scalping  after  the  manner  of 
the  Scythians.'  An  operation  described  by  Pnu- 
lus  of  ^gina.  It  consisted  of  an  incision  n)iido 
around  the  cranium,  and  was  employed  in  ha- 
bitual weakness  of  the  eyes,  pains  of  the  head, 
&c. 

PERISPHAL'SIS,  Cireumdnc'tio,  from  peri, 
and  o(/iuA^a),  'I  move.'  A  circul.ar  motion  im- 
pressed on  a  luxated  bone,  for  the  purpose  of  re- 
ducing it. 

PERISSODACTYLUS,  Polydactylus. 

PERISPLENITIS,  see  Splenitis. 

PERISTALTIC,  Systaltic  — p.  Action,  Peris- 
tole. 

PERISTAPHYLINUS  EXTERNUS,  Circum- 
flexus  museulus — p.  Inferior,  Cireumflexus  mus- 
culus  —  p.  Internus,  Levator  palati. 

PERISTERA  ANCEPS,  Pelargonium  anccps. 

PERISTERIUM,  Verbena  officinalis. 
PERISTER'NA.  from  peri,  and  ortp^v, 'the 
sternum.'     The  lateral  parts  of  the  chest. 

PERIS'TOLE,  Maius  Peristal'ticux  seu  com- 
presso'rius  seu  vermicula'ris  seu  testitditt'eiis,  from 
peri,  and  ortAXiu,  '  I  contract,'  '  I  close.'  The 
peristaltic  action  of  the  intestines,  Motns perislid'- 
ticus,    (F.)    Mouvement  pi'ristaliiqiie.      It  consists 

of  a  kind  of  undulation  or  vermicular  movement, 


PERISTOMA 


697 


PEROCORMUS 


in  appearance  irregular,  but  in  which  the  circular 
fibres  of  the  muscular  membrane  of  the  intestine 
contnict  successively,  from  above  downwards,  in 
proportion  as  the  chyme  advances  in  the  aliinen- 
tiiry  can;il;  so  that,  bein;;  compressed  above, 
it  is  pushed  into  the  next  portion  of  the  intes- 
tine, whose  fibres  are  in  a  state  of  relaxation. 
When  the  lihres  contract  inversely,  they  occasion 
an  miliperiitiiltic  action.  The  peristaltic  action 
is  involuntary,  and  is  not  under  the  immediate 
influence  of  either  brain  or  spinal  marrow.  It 
coniiniii's  for  some  time  after  death. 

PHKISTOMA,  Peristroma. 

I'KlUSTOMrUM,  Mouth. 

PKIUSTRO'M.V,  Peril' loma,  Uriw'cm  viHo'siis, 
CriiHlu  iiieiiihraiia'cen  seu  verniicidd' fin,  from  peri, 
and  orrfJuiTU/ii,  '  to  spread.'  The  villous  or  mucous 
coat  of  tiie  intestines. — Castelli. 

PKllISYS'TOIiE,  from  peri,  and  o-uotoX??,  'eon- 
traction.'  Tiio  interval  that  exists  between  the 
systole  find  diastole  of  the  heart,  which  is  only 
perceptible  in  the  dying. — Bartholine. 

PEIUTERION,   Trfpan  perforatif. 

PKIUTHSTIS,  Albuginea. 

PKItlTOrXE,  Peritonaium. 

PEIUTDME.  Circumcision. 

PERITON.EKEX'IS,  Perito„(pnrex'is,  from 
periloiicf.iim,  and  ptiyvufit.  '  to  break.'  Hernia 
formed  bv  the  ru|)tiire  of  the  peritonieum. 

PERrt()X;i*;'UM,  Perilune'um,  Peri  Ion  cb'oji, 
PeriUinei'i>ii,l'<'ritnn(p,'oH.  Peritoui'oii,  Peritoue'oe, 
Velniiieit'tKin  ubdoniiiia'te,  I'li'nica  praten'sn  seu 
Operimeii'tiini  jiratenmim  seu  3Ieiiihra'iin  tibdoiii'- 
iiiiH,  PuijoHy  Siphar,  Syphiir,  Zrpach,  Ziphac,  {¥.) 
J'eriloiiie,  from  peri,  and  tcihd,  '  I  stretch.'  A 
serous  membrane,  which  lines  the  abdominal 
cavity,  I'eritonce' urn  parietn'le,  extends  over  the 
greater  part  of  the  organs  contained  there,  Peril'- 
viKtnin  inteHtinn'le  seu  vinceni' le,  envelops  them 
wholly  or  in  part,  and  maintains  tlieir  respective 
relations  by  nioatis  of  different  prolongations  and 
ligamentous  folds:  —  the  mesentery,  epiploon, 
mesocolon,  Ac.  Like  all  the  serous  membranes, 
the  peritoneum,  except  in  the  female,  is  a  sort  of 
S!ic  witiiout  aperture,  which  covers  the  abdominal 
organs,  without  containing  them  within  it,  and 
the  internal  surface  of  which  is  smooth,  and  lu- 
bricated by  a  serous  fluid.  In  the  male  foetus, 
the  peritonajum  furnishes  a  prolongation,  which 
ncconipaiiies  the  testicle  at  the  time  of  its  descent, 
and,  in  tlie  female  foetus,  forms  the  Uan<d  of  N itch- . 
15clow  the  neck  of  the  gall-bladder,  the  perito- 
na;um  has  a  triangular  opening,  called  the  Fora- 
men or  I/inlns  of  Wins/ow,  through  which  it  pro- 
ceeds l)ehind  the  stomach,  to  form  a  sort  of  se- 
condary cavity,  called  the  posterior  cttviti/  of  the 
]terilo}i(ri(in,  (F.)  Arriere  cavite  2>eritone<i.le  ou 
Cdvit^  des  Epiploons. 

PkiutoN/EUM  Dui'LiCATtTM,  Epiploon,  gastro- 
colic. 

PERITONE'AL,  PeritoncB'us.  That  which 
appertains  or  relates  to  the  peritoneum. 

rKIUTOSUTE,  Peritonitis —^x  Puerp6rale, 
see  Peritonitis. 

PERITONI'TIS,  Empres'ma  seu  Cnumn  Peri- 
tonitis, Peritonmi'tis,  Jn/hnnma'tio  seu  Phleg'- 
vione  PeritoniF.'i,  Pldcipna'sia  or  Injictmnintion 
of  the  I'erilontf.'itm,  from  peritoneum,  and  (V)'*, 
denoting  'inflammation.'  (F.)  Piritonite,  In- 
jlnininotion  dii  PSritoine.  The  characteristic 
signs  of  acute  inHamination  of  the  peritoniBum 
are,  —  violent  pain  in  the  abdomen,  increased  by 
llic  slightest  pressure,  often  by  the  simple  weight 
of  the  bed-clothes.  It  generally  occurs  in  the 
parturient  state;  Lorhoperitoni'tis,  and  begins  on 
the  second  or  third  ilay  after  delivery.  At  times, 
a  malignant  epidemic,  and  perhaps  contagious, 
variety  has  made  its  appearance,  and  destroyed 


numbers  of  females.  This  has  been  described 
under  the  name  Pner'pertd  Ferer,  3/etroperitnni'- 
tis,  Ene'cia  Syn'ochus  Pnerperri'rnm,  (F.)  Peri- 
tonite  pnerpende,  Mitrojieritoiiite  pnerpfrale, 
Fienre  piierperole.  Typhus pnerperal,  Erythemat'- 
ic  or  Nonplds'tic  Puerperal  J'eritonitis,  Typho- 
ha'inic  Peritoni'tis,  Adynani'ic  or  MnUy'nant 
Piier'peral  Fever,  Low  Fever  of  Childbed.  It  is, 
according  to  some,  a  malignant  inflammation  of 
the  itcritoneum  and  uterus ;  according  to  others, 
a  Uterine  Phlebitis.  In  any  form  it  rocjuires 
active  treatment,  early  employed.  The  ap- 
pearances on  dissection  are  such  as  occur  when- 
ever a  serous  membrane  has  been  inflamed,  and 
such  inflartimation  has  produced  death  : — effusion 
of  fluid  with  flakes  of  coagulable  lymph  in  it; 
appearances  of  vascularity,  &c.,  in  the  membrane. 
The  treatment — in  active  peritonitis — must  con- 
sist of  the  same  course  as  recommended  under 
Enteritis.  In  the  chronic  kind,  sym|)toms  must 
be  combated  as  they  arise,  and  it  may  be  ad- 
visable to  excite  a  new  action  in  the  system  by 
means  of  mercury.  In  the  epidemic  and  malig- 
nant  variety,  unless  bleeding  be  freely  employed 
at  the  very  outset,  it  docs  harm.  If  used  early, 
it  is  of  decided  advantage.  Everything  de- 
pends upon  arresting  the  morbid  process  at  the 
outset. 

Pkiutonitis,  Erythrmatic,  see  Peritonitis  — 
p.  Hepatica,  see  Hepatitis — p.  Nonplastic,  see 
Peritonitis  —  p.  Puerperal,  see  Peritonitis  —  p. 
Typliohremic,  see  Peritonitis. 

PERITTOMA,  Excrement. 

PERITYPIILI'TIS;  from  japr,',  and  typhlitis, 
inflammation  of  the  CiBcum.  Inflammation  of 
the  iireidar  substance  surrounding  the  caecum. 
See  Tvphlo-enteritis. 

PERI-1ITERI^'E,  Peri-nteri'nns,  badly  com- 
pounded from  peri,  and  vlerns.  That  which  is 
situated  around  the  nterus;  hence  "^<e;/i(^c)/»e 
inflammation"  or  "periuterine  phlegmon,"  —  in- 
flammation of  the  areolar  tissue  around  the 
uterus. 

PERIWINKLE,  LESSER,  Vinca  minor. 

PERIZO'MA,  from  netti^iavvviii,  {vtpi,  and  fwv- 
vv/it.  'to  gird.)  'to  gird  around.'  A  bandage;  a 
girdle.  In  Fabrieius  Hildanus,  a  truss.  Herpes 
zoster.     The  diaphragm. 

PER'KINISM.  A  therapeutical  means,  first 
employeil  by  Dr.  Elisha  Perkins,  of  Norwich, 
Connecticut,  towards  the  termination  of  the  last 
century,  and  named  after  him.  It  consisted  in 
drawing  over  affected  or  other  parts  the  pointed 
extremities  of  two  metallic  rods,  called  Metallic 
Tractors,  each  made  of  a  different  metal.  The 
success  obtained,  was  through  the  influence  of 
the  imagination  ;  and,  consequently,  as  a  reme- 
dial agent,  it  ranks  as  high  as  animal  magnetism, 
but  no  higher.  The  operation  was,  also,  called 
Tractora'tion. 

PER'KINIST.  A  believer  in  and  practiser  of 
Perkinism. 

PERKINIS'TIC.  Relating  or  belonging  to 
Perkinism. 

PERLA,  Pearl,  Paralampsis. 

PKRLE.  Pearl. 

PERMISTIO.  Coition. 

PERMIXTIO,  Coition. 

PER:\tOTrO,  Motion. 

rEUXrCIEfX,  Deleterious. 

PERXICIO.'^US.  Deleterious. 

PERNIO.  Chilblain. 

PERNOCTATIO.  Insomnia. 

PKROCEPH'ALUS.  from  7r;,pof.  'deficient,' 
and  Kr4>a\>j,  'head.'  A  monster  with  a  defective 
head. 

PEROCOR'MUS,  from  rr^po?,  'deficient.'  and 
Kopfw^.  'trunk.'  A  malformation  in  which  the 
trunk  is  defective,  and  too  short,  froip  the  aU> 


PERODACTYLEUS 


608 


PERSriRATION 


senoe  of  one  or  more  vertebrte,  —  the  head  and 
limbs  bein<;  nonnal. 

PERODACTYLEUS,  Flexor  longus  digitorum 
pedis  profundus  perforans. 

PERODYNIA,  see  Cardialgia. 

PEROMEL'IA,  from  -nripui,  'deficient,'  and 
fit^oi,  'a  liuil).'  Congenital  misconstruction,  or 
mutilation  of  the  limbs.  A  genus  in  the  noso- 
logy of  Good. 

PEROM'ELUS.  A  monster  possessed  of  the 
deformity  mentioned  above. 

PEROXE,  Fibula— p.  Col  dii,  Collum  fibulae. 

PERONE'AL,  Perona'us,  Fibula'ris,  Fih'nlar, 
(F.)  Peruuier,  from  ncpovri,  'the  fibula.'  Belong- 
ing or  relating  to  the  fibula. 

Peroneal  Artery,  Fih'nlar,  A.,  arises  from 
the  popliteal,  and  is  situate  deeply  in  the  pos- 
terior and  outer  part  of  the  leg.  It  gives  off 
branches  of  little  importance.  Near  the  outer 
ankle,  it  divides  into  two  branches.  1.  The  pos- 
terioi-  peroneal,  which  descends  behind  the  lower 
joint  of  the  fibula,  on  the  outer  surface  of  the 
caleaneum.  2.  The  nntcn'or  peroneal,  which 
crosses  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  interosseous 
ligament,  to  be  distributed  on  the  dorsal  surface 
of  the  foot. 

PERONEAt.  Muscles  are  three  in  number.  1. 
PerontBiis  Brevis  seu  SecHiiduH  seu  Aiiti'ciin  sen 
3/e'diiis,  Semi-Jibnlm'iis,  (F.)  Grand-peraiieo-Kiin- 
mStatarsien,  Court  peroneo-lalKral,  MoijeM,  Pero- 
nier.  A  muscle,  situate  beneath  the  peronasus 
longus.  It  is  attached  above,  to  the  outer  sur- 
face of  the  fibula,  and  terminates,  below,  at  the 
posterior  extremity  of  the  5th  metn tarsal  bone, 
after  having  been  reflected  beneath  the  malleolus 
externus.  It  extends  the  foot  upon  the  leg,  at 
the  same  time  raising  a  little  the  outer  edge.  It 
may,  also,  act  upon  the  leg,  and  extend  it  upon 
the  foot.  2.  PeroncFAta  Loiigns  seu  primus  seu 
posti'cus  seu  max'imus  seu  poste'rior,  (F.)  Tibi- 
peroneo-tarsieti,  Long  peronier  lateral,  Peroneo- 
sous-tnrsien,  (Ch.)  3/iiscle  grand  peronier.  This 
piuscle  is  situate  at  the  outer  part  of  the  leg.  It 
is  long,  thick,  and  triangular  above;  thin,  nar- 
row, and  flat  below.  It  is  attached  above  to  the 
outer  edge  of  the  upper  extremity  of  the  fibula, 
and  to  the  upper  third  of  the  outer  surface  of  that 
bone.  Below,  it  terminates  at  the  outer  part  of 
the  posterior  extremity  of  the  first  metatarsal 
bone.  This  muscle  extends  the  foot  on  the  log, 
turning  its  point  outward,  and  raising  its  outer 
edge.  It  acts,  also,  upon  the  leg,  which  it  ex- 
tends on  the  foot.  3.  Peronceus  Tertius,  Nonns 
Vesn'lii,  (F.)  Peronier  anterienr.  Petit  pSroneo- 
SM-metatarsien  (Ch.,)  Petit  Peronier.  A  muscle, 
situate  at  the  anterior,  outer,  and  inferior  part  of 
the  leg.  It  is  long  and  flat,  and  is  nttached, 
above,  to  the  inferior  third  of  the  anterior  mar- 
gin and  inner  surface  of  the  fibula;  terminating, 
below,  at  the  posterior  extremity  of  the  5th  me- 
tatarsal bone.  This  muscle  bends  the  foot  on  the 
leg,  by  raising  its  outer  edge.  It  can,  also,  bend 
the  leg  on  the  foot. 

Prroseal  Nerve,  see  Popliteal  nerves. 
Peroneal  Vein  follows   the   same   course  as 
the  artery. 

PERONEDACTYLIUS,  Flexor  longus  digito- 
rum pedis  profundus  perforans. 

pknOXEO-LATERAL  COURT,  Peronseus 
brevis — p.  f'halanginien  dn  gran  orteil.  Flexor 
longus  pollicis  pedis — p.  Soiis-phalangettien  dn 
ponce.  Flexor  longus  pollicis  pedis  —  p.  Sous- 
tarnieii,  Peronseus  longus — p.  Snu-metatnraien, 
Peronoeus  tertius — p.  Snu-metafareieii,  grand, 
Peronajus  brevis — p.  Snn-phalangettien  dn  ponce. 
Extensor  proprius  pollicis  pedis  —  p.  Tibi-nnii- 
phalaiigettien  eowwiuH,  Extensor  communis  digi- 


torum pedis — p.  Sua-phalangten  du  j'oucc,  Ex- 
tensor  proprius  pollicis  |)edis. 

PERONEUM,  Fibula. 

PERONIER,  Peroneal. 

PERONIER,  GRAND,  Perona;us  lon^rus  — 
p.  Lateral,  long,  Perona'us  longus  —  p.  Moyai, 
Pcrona-us  brevis  —  p.  Petit,  Peronanis  tertius. 

PERONODACTYLIyEUS,  Flexor  lon-us  digi- 
torum  pedis  profundus  perforans. 

PERONODACTYLIUS,  Flexor  longus  digi- 
torum pedis  profundus  perforjins. 

PEROSO'MUS,  from  unuoi,  'deficient,'  nnd 
(T(i)^a,  '  body.'  A  monster,  whose  whole  body  is 
imperfectly  developed.  —  Gurlt. 

PEROSPLANCH'NICA,  from  ^r,poi,  'defi- 
cient,' and  an\ay)(^i'ov,  'a  viscus.'  Congenitiil 
misconstruction  of  the  viscera.  A  genus  in  tlio 
nosology  of  (lood. 

PERPENDICULUM  HEPATIS,  Suspensory 
ligament  of  the  liver. 

PERPERACU'TUS.  'Extremely  acute.'  An 
epithet  applied  to  very  violent  and  rapid  (lisc!i.>-es. 

PERPLEXI  MORBI,  see  Complication. 

PERPLICA'TION,  Perplica'tio ;  from  per, 
'through,'  and  plico,  piUcatnm,  'to  fold.'  A  iiie- 
thod  of  tying  arteries,  which  consists  in  making 
a  small  incision  in  the  side  of  the  artery,  neAr 
its  bleeding  orifice,  introducing  a  small  pair  of 
forceps,  seizing  the  open  extremity,  and  drawing 
it  backward,  through  the  aperture  made  in  tlie 
side  of  the  vessel,  so  as  to  form  a  kind  of  knot. 

PERROSIN,  see  Pinus  abies. 

PERRY  COUNTY  WARM  SPRINGS.  These 
are  in  Pennsylvania,  eleven  miles  from  Carlisle, 
and  fourteen  from  Ilarrisburg.  Temperature 
67°;  impregnation  not  much.  They  are  used  for 
bathing. 

PERSE  A  CAMFORA,  see  Camphor  — p.  Cas- 
sia, Laurus  cassia — p.  Cinnamomum,  Laurus  cin- 
namomum  —  p.  Cubeba,  Piper  cubeba. 

Peu'sea  Ghatis'sisia,  Lanme  J'crsea,  Pcdiu 
tree.  Avocado  Pear.  A  slender,  very  high  tree 
of  Peru,  with  a  small  dome-like  top,  which  grows 
on  the  eastern  declivity  of  the  Andes,  and  rises, 
at  times,  to  the  height  of  more  than  60  feet.  Its 
fruit — (S.)  Palla  —  which  is  pear-shaiied,  is 
generally  much  liked.  It  dissolves,  like  butter, 
on  the  tongue,  and  hence  is  called,  in  some  of 
the  French  colonies,  benrre  r{'gilale.  The  leaves 
are  reckoned  balsamic,  pectoral  and  vulnerary. 
The  seeds  are  very  astringent. 

Persea  Picuuuim,  see  Pichurim  beans  —  p. 
Sassafras,  Laurus  sassafras. 

PERSIAN  FIRE,  Anthracion. 

PERSICA  VULGARIS,  Amygdalus  Persica. 

PERSICAIREACRE,  Polygonum  hydropiper 
— pi.  Drulante,  Polygonum  hydropiper — p.  Douce, 
Persicaria — p.  Poivree,  Polygonum  hydropiper. 

PERSICARIA,  Polygonum  Persicaria— p.  Mi- 
nor, Polygonum  Persicaria — p.  Mitis,  Polyg<mum 
Persicaria  —  p.  Urens,  Polygonum  hydropiper  — 
p.  Wandspiked,  Polygonum  Virginianum  —  p. 
Water,  Polygonum  amphibium. 

PERSIL,  Apium  petroselinum  — p.  d'Ane, 
Charophyllum  sylvestre  —  p.  Fanr,  ^Ihusa  cy- 
napium — p.  de  Macedoin,  Bubon  Macedonicum 
—  p.  de  jMonlagtie,  Athamanta  aureoseliiiuni. 

PERSIMMON,  Diospyros  Virginiana. 

PERSOLATA,  Arctium  lappa. 

PERSOLLATA  Arctium  lappa 

PERSOLUTA,  Arctium  lapp.a. 

PERSPICILLUM,  see  Spectacles. 

PERSPIRABILE  SANCTORIANUM,  Per- 
spiration. 

PERSPIRA'TION,  Perspira'tio,  Trnnxpim'. 
tlo,  Di^la'tio,  Diap'noe,  Diapncc'a,  Piapneit'tin, 
Pempirub'ile  Sanctoria'num,  from  per, '  through, 


PERSPIllATORY 


G99 


PESSARY 


anJ  spirare,  »p!ratnm,  '  to  breathe,  exhale.'  The 
iiiHKiiHibte  trfinH/jlrution  or  exhuhition  cont'inuiilly 
going  on  at  the  surface  of  the  skin  and  niem- 
liranes.  Sensible  perspiration  is  called  sweat. 
The  perspiratory  fluid  is  secreted  by  an  appro- 
priate glandular  n|)paratus,  termed  by  lireschet, 
di((j>ii<"j"f>iou8,  (F.)  Ajjpareil  diitpiKitjene ;  the 
sadiiri p' ufoiiH  (jlandii,  Ghiud'ufce  mulorip'ara,  Or'- 
yiiii'i  audorip'ara,  aweixt  yhinds,  consisting  of  a 
convoluted  tube,  situate  beneath  the  true  skin, 
and  of  si)iral  duets,  which  open  obliquely  under 
the  scales  of  the  epidermis.  A  certain  portion 
of  the  perspired  fluid  is  thrown  off  by  ordinary 
physical  evaporation. 

The  PulmoiKtitj  e.chidufion  or  transpiration  is 
that  wliich  takes  place  into  the  bronchia,  and  is 
gent  out  with  the  expired  air. 

PEKS'PIRATORY,  Perxpirato'rius,  Tram'pi- 
rnlori/,  Truuspiratu'rim,  (F.)  Perspiratoire,  Truns- 
piiuidire.  Same  etymon  as  the  last.  Relating 
or  l)elonging  to,  or  the  product  of,  perspiration. 

PERSUDATIO,  Diapedesis. 

PERSULTATIO,  Diapedesis. 

I'EttTE,  Metrorrhagia — p.  d'Appetit,  Ano- 
rexia— p.  de  la  Memo! re,  Amnesia — p.  de  I'Odo- 
ritt.  Anosmia — p.  de  iSaiir/,  llicmorrhagia — p.  de 
la  Vdi.r,  Aphonia  —  j).  de  la   Vue,  Ca'citas. 

PEltT^REBRANT,  Perter'ebram,  from  per, 
'through,'  and  terebrare,  'to  bore.'  The  French 
give  this  epithet  to  an  acute  pain  —  Dnnleiir  per- 
terebrnute — which  occasions  a  sensation  like  that 
which  would  be  produced  by  an  instrument  pe- 
netrating and  lacerating  a  part;  —  the  pain  from 
whitlow,  for  example. 

PERTES  BLANCHES,  Leucorrhcea— p.  f/e 
,S'((»7,  Metrorrhagia  —  p.  Seininales,  Spermator- 
riuiea  —  p.  Uterines,  Metrorrhagia — p.  Utiriuea 
blaitches,  Leucorrhoea  — ]).  Uterines  rouges,  Me- 
trorrhagia. 

PERTICA  PER  SE,  Penis. 

PERTURBATIONES  ANIMI,  Affections  of 
the  mind. 

PERTURBA'TRIX,  [Medici'na)  from  pertur- 
bare,  pertiirbatiiiii  (per  and  turbare.)  '  to  disturb 
greatly.'  Per'tnrbating  treatment,  (F.)  3fethode  ou 
Mcdecine  pertiirbatrice ;  a  mode  of  treatment  in 
wiiich  very  active  means  are  employed,  and  such 
as  impress  upon  diseases  a  different  course  from 
that  natural  to  them.  It  is  the  antithesis  to  the 
Medieiiia  expectans.  Much  evil  has  resulted  from 
such  treatment,  especially  in  febrile  diseases. 

PERTUS'SIS,  from  per,  and  tnssis,  'a  cough,' 
'a  violent  cough.'  Timsis jeri'na  seu  conrnlsi'va 
seu  pu'eros  St rang'ulaiis  sea  qiiintn  sea  stomaeha'- 
lis  seu  an'he/a  clamo'sa  seu  strini'f/ii/aiis  seu  de- 
lax'sans  seu  sii/'/ocaiis  seu  umpheiiier' ina  seu  tiis- 
siculo'sa  seu  spasmod' ica  seu  asini'na  seu  caiii'na, 
Brunchi'tis  convidsi'.va,  Brniichneepfiali'tis,  Pneit- 
eii  2>ertiis'sis,  Amphemer'inn,  Orthoptue'n  tnssicu- 
lo'sa  sou  eliniyo'sa  seu  siiffoeati'va  seu  clamo'sa 
seu  spnsmiid'iea,  Jforbiis  Uucul'lus  seu  cncnlla'- 
rls,  Ckcu'Ius,  Bechorthnpiice'a,  Bex  convidii'va  seu 
therlo'dcs,  Hooplng-coiii/h,  Wliooping-coiif/h,  Ckin- 
cnitgh,  Kincoii/fh,  Eiiid-coiii/h,  (Germ.  Kind,  'a 
child,')  (Sc.)  kiiik-linst,  (Prov.)  Kinkhaiist,  (F.) 
Ciiqnelnche,  Catarrhe  ou  Bronchite  coiividsire, 
Tniix  convidaire  ou  quinteiise  ou  bleiie,  Maladie 
ciiculaire.  A  violent  convulsive  cough,  returning 
by  fits,  (F.)  Qitintes,  at  longer  or  shorter  inter- 
vals; and  consisting  of  several  expirations,  fol- 
lowed by  a  sonorous  inspiratiim  or  whnnp.  The 
fits  of  coughing  generally  recur  more  frequently 
during  the  night,  morning,  and  evening,  than  in 
the  day.  It  is  esteemed  to  be  contagious,  and 
attacks  the  young  more  particularly.  It  is  rare 
for  it  to  atl'ect  an  individual  for  the  second  time. 
The  duration  is  various.  —  six  or  eight  weeks  or 
more.  Although  the  paroxysms  are  very  violent, 
it  is  not  a  dangerous  disease.     It  may,  however, 


give  rise  to  other  affections,  as  convulsions,  ptieti- 
monia,  <tc.,  when  the  complication  is  very  dan- 
gerous, as  the  cause  cannot  be  removed.  Those 
children  suffer  the  least,  who  evacuate  the  con- 
tents of  the  stomach  during  the  fit.  In  the  treat- 
ment, all  that  can  be  done  is  to  palliate.  It  must 
be  borne  in  mind,  that  the  disease  will,  in  time, 
wear  itself  out.  If  there  be  such  tensive  j);iin 
of  the  head,  or  fever,  bleeding  may  be  required, 
but  it  is  seldom  necessary.  Narcotics  occasion- 
ally afford  relief,  but  it  is  temporary.  Gentle 
emetics,  given  occasionally,  when  the  paroxyt^ms 
are  long  and  dry,  give  decided  relief,  and  aid  iu 
the  expectoration  of  the  moroid  secretions.  After 
the  disease  has  continued  for  some  weeks,  and 
persists  in  part  from  habit,  change  of  air  is  essen- 
tial, and  this,  even  should  the  change  be  to  an 
atmosjihere  that  is  less  pure. 

PERU,  see  Lima. 

PERUNCTIO,  Inunction. 

PERVENCHE,  Vinca  minor. 

PERVER'SION,  Perver'sio,  from  per  and  rer- 
tere,  versitm,  'to  turn.'  Dias'tmphe,  Diastrem'- 
ma.  One  of  the  four  modifications  of  function  in 
disease:  the  three  others  being  augmentation, 
diminution,  and  abolition.  The  humourists  nsdl 
this  term  also  to  designate  disorder  or  morbid 
change  in  the  fluids. 

PERVERSION  DE  LA  TJ&TE  DES  OS 
ET  DES  MUSCLES.  Loxarthrus. 

PERVIGILIUM,  Insomnia,  Coma  vigil. 

PES,  genitive  Pedis,  touj,  iroioq,  hhniis,  (Sc.) 
Fit,  (F.)  Pied,  'the/()o^'  The  inferior  extremity 
of  the  abdominal  member,  representing  a  bony 
arch,  an  elastic  vault,  which  transmits  the  weight 
of  the  body  to  the  ground.  It  is  divided  into 
three  parts;  —  the  tarsus,  metatarsus,  and  tnes. 

Pes  ALEXA.NDitiNi's,  Anthemis  pyrethrum — p. 
Anserinus,  Chenopodium  bonus  Ilenricus.  Facial 
nerve  —  \).  Cati.  Antennaria  Dioica  —  p.  Equinus, 
Pes  equinus,  see  Kyllosis — p.  Hippocampi  inajnr, 
Cornu  ammonis  —  p.  Hippocampi  minor.  Hippo- 
campus minor  —  p.  Hippopotami  major,  Cornu 
ammonis  —  p.  Hippopotami  minor,  Cornu  ammo- 
nis—  p.  Leonis,  Alchemilla. 

PESANTEUR,  Weight  —  ^.  Specifique,  Gra- 
vity, specific. 

PESE-ACfDE,  Acidometor— ;:>.  Z/jHeiir,  Are- 
ometer—  /).  Sirop,  Saccharometer. 

PESETTE,  Cicer  arietinum. 

PESSAIRE,  Pessary — p.  Intra-uterin,  Pessary, 
intra-uterine. 

PES'SARY,  Pessa'rium,  from  Tr£<r(TOf,  'a  small 
stone ;  a  pessary,'  Pessns,  Pessiim,  Pes'suhis, 
Penicil'lus,  Talus.  Nod'nlus  vteri'nus,  Supposito'- 
riiim  uteri'iiinn,  Glaus,  Levinis'cua,  (F.)  Pessaire. 
A  solid  instrument,  composed  of  cork,  ivory,  or 
elastic  gum,  which  is  introduced  into  the  vagina 
to  support  the  uterus,  in  cases  of  prolapsus  or 
relaxation  of  that  organ  ;  to  keep  vaginal  hernia 
reduced,  &c.  The  ancients  made  use  of  medi- 
cated pessaries,  which  they  distinguished  into 
emollient,  astringent,  aperient,  Ac,  and  they  are 
still  used.  The  form  of  pessaries  is  very  va- 
riable ;  —  round,  oval,  <fcc.,  according  to  circum- 
stances. 

Pessary,  Egyptian,  iEgyptius  pessus. 

Pessary,  I.ntra-u'terixe,  Stem  pessary,  (F.) 
Pessaire  iufra-uterin,  Rcdresseur  uterin.  An  in- 
strument for  rectifying  uterine  displacements  — 
as  anteversion  and  retroversion,  consisting  of  a 
stem  which  is  introduced  into  the  uterus;  this 
stem  is  attached  to  a  flattened  ovoid  bulb  or  ball, 
on  which  the  cervix  uteri  rests. — Connected  with 
this  is  an  external  part  or  wire  frame,  which  is 
attached,  at  one  extremity,  to  a  flat  tubular  por- 
tion, passing  into  the  vagina,  to  be  fixed  to  the 
intra-uterine  portion.    The  wire  frame  is  made  to 


PESSULUS 


00 


PETROUS 


press  upon  the  pubis,  so  that  the  pessary  ciin  be 
kept  iu  position  in  idero.  This  is  essentially  the 
intra-uterine  pessary  of  Professor  Simpson  of 
Ediniiur^h. 

Pkssaky,  Stem,  Pessary,  intra-uterino. 

PESSULUS,  Pessary,  Penis. 

PESSUM.  Pessary. 

PESSUS,  Pessary.     • 

PEST.  Plague. 

PESTE,  Plague — p.  Aiitonine,  Plague  of  An- 
toninus—  p.  d'Atheiies,  Plague  of  Athens  —  p. 
A'oire,  Death,  blacli. 

PESTICHI^,  Petechiae. 

PESTICI^,  Petechia!. 

PES'TILENCE,  Pextilen'tia,  Pei,til'ita«,  from 
pesti-i,  'a  pest.'     A  malignant  spreading  disease; 

—  applied  especially  to  plague. 
Pestilkxce,  Choleiuc,  Cholera  spasmodioa  — 

p.  Glandular,  Plague  —  p.  llajmagastric,  Fever, 
yellow  —  p.  Septic,  Plague. 

PESTI1>ENT-\V0RT,  Tussilago  petasites. 

PESTILENTIA,  Plague  — p.  Haemagastrica, 
Fever,  j'ellow. 

PESTILENT'IAL,  PeHtilentla'Hs,  Pestilentia'- 
rius,  Pcstiloilio'sns,  PefitHen'tnn,  (F.)  Pesliloitiel. 
Relating  or  appertaining  to  a  pest  or  plague. 
Pentilcntial  diseases  are  those  that  bear  some  re- 
semblance to  the  plague  in  respect  to  mode  of 
propagation,  symptonis,  danger,  &c. 

PESTILITAS,  Plague. 

PESTIS,  Plague  —  p.  Acutissima,  Plague  —  p. 
Adeno-septica,  Plague  —  p.  Americana,  Fever, 
yellow— p.  Antoniniana,  Plague  of  Antoninus — p. 
Bellica,  Typlius — -p.  Britannica,  Sudor  Anglicus 
— p.  Bubonaria  orientalis,  Plague — p.  Contagiosa, 
Plague — p.  Glandulosa,  Plague — p.  (ilossanthrax, 
Glossanthrax  —  p.  Inguinaria,  Plague  —  p.  Inter- 
tropica.  Fever,  yellow — p.  Nigra,  Death,  black — 
p.  Occidentalis,  Fever,  yellow  —  p.  Orientalis, 
Plague  —  p.  Septica,  Plague  —  p.  Variolosa,  Va- 
riola. 

PESTLE,  Pilum  — p.  Spring,  see  Pilum. 

PET.  Fiirt. 

PETALE,  Phtheiriasis. 

PETASITES,  Tussilago  petasites  — p.  Hybri- 
da,  Tussilago  petasites  —  p.  Major,  Tussilago  pe- 
tasites—  p.  Officinalis,  Tussilago  petasites — p. 
Rubens,  Tussilago  petasites  —  p.  Vulgaris,  Tussi- 
lago petasites. 

PETAU'HUM.  A  seat  suspended  by  ropes,  in 
■which  a  person  taking  the  exercise  sat,  and  was 
tosse<l  about  bv  assistants. — Juvenal  and  Martial. 

PETE'CHIiE,  Petlc'iilcR,  Peaticli'icE,  PeshVim, 
Piincti'c'iiln,  Pnr'pnra  malig'iid,  Por'phyra  GrcB- 
cn'rum,  (F.)  Petechiea.  Small  spots,  similar  in 
shape  and  colour  to  flea-bites,  which  occur  spon- 
taneously upon  the  skin,  in  the  course  of  severe 
fevers,  &c.  They  are,  under  such  circumstances, 
signs  of  great  prostration. 

Prtkciii^  sine  Frbhe,  Purpura  simplex. 

PETE'CHIAL,  Peteehla'lh  ;  same  etymon. 
Resembling  or  accompanied  by  petechiae. 

PETECHIAL  SCURVY,  Purpura  simplex. 

PETECIIIANOSIS,  Purpura  haemorrhagica. 

PETER'S  PILLS,  Pilulse  Aloes  et  Cambogife 

—  p.  Worm  lozenges,  see  Worm  lozenges,  Sher- 
ninn's. 

PETICUL.E,  Petechiae. 

PETIGO,  Impetigo. 

PETIXA.  Sole. 

PETIOLU.S,  PediohiH,  diminutive  of  pen,  'a 
foot.  A  footstalk  or  leafstalk  of  a  plant.  A 
petiole. 

Petiolus  Epiglottidis.  The  root  of  the  Epi- 
glottis. 

PETioi.trs  Mallet,  Manubrium  mallei. 

PETIT  A/IGEXT,  Platinum— jp.  Cnnrier, 
Influenza — p.  Lnit,  Serum  lactis — p.  Lnif  d'lloff- 
niann,   Serum    lactis    Iloffmanni — jt-   ^lul,   see 


Eiiilepsy — j).  Sus-maxUlo-hiltal,  Levator  unguli 
oris. 

PETITE-POSTE,  Influenza. 

PET/TS-LAITS,  see  Serum  lactis. 

PETR.ELEUiM,  Petroleum. 

PETR^EUM,  Solidago  virgaurea. 

PETRAPIUM,  Rubon  Mucedonicum. 

PETREOLE,  Petroleum. 

PETUEUX,  Petrous— p.  On,  see  Temporal 
bone. 

PETRO  DEL  PORCO,  Bezoar  of  the  Indian 
porcupine. 

PETROLE,  Petroleum. 

PETRO'LEUM,  Peirolm'nm,  Pefra'kiim.PelrcB 
oleum,  Ritit'men  Petrulevm,  PisHcla;' um  Jii'dicuiii, 
Rock  Oil,  Petroleum  Boihaden'Ke,  RoiituloeH  Tar, 
(F.)  Petrole  ou  Petreole,  from  Trtrpos,  'rock,'  and 
cXaiov,  'oil.'  A  bituminous  substance  flowing 
spontaneously  from  the  earth,  in  various  parts  of 
the  world;  of  a  fetid  odour,  and  bitter,  acrid 
taste.  It  is  semi-liquid,  tenacious,  sonii-trans- 
parent;  of  a  reddish-brown  colour;  insoluble  in 
water  and  alcohol;  combines  with  fixed  and 
essential  oils  and  sulphur:  and  is  partially  solu- 
ble in  ether.  The  jjetroleum  found  at  (Jabian, 
near  Beziers,  in  France,  has  been  called  Oleum 
Giihia'num,  (F.)  J/uile  de  Gultiau,  Pelroleiim 
ruhrnm.  It  has  been  given  as  an  excitant  ex-  ' 
pectorant;  and,  mixed  with  tincture  of  assafoe- 
tida,  in  tapeworm.  It  is,  also,  used  externally  in 
chilblains,  chronic  rheumatism,  affections  of  the 
joints  and  skin,  and  paralysis. 

New  York  Petroleum,  called  Scu'eca  Oil,  is 
used  externally  in  similar  cases. 

Petroleum  Barbadense,  Petroleum. 

Petroleum  Sulphura'tum,  Prd'samum  Sul- 
pliurin  Barbiideil'se, — (Composed  of  petrol,  Rar- 
bad.  ^xv}, /lor.  Sulph.  "^'w)  has  been  used  as  a 
pectoral;  and  as  a  detergent  to  ulcers.  It  has 
been  accounted  antispasmodic  and  sudorific. 
Dose,  gtt.  X.  to  XXX.  Externally,  it  is  used  as  a 
stimulant  and  discutient. 

PETRO-OCCIP'ITAL,  Petro-oeeipit(dis.  Be- 
longing  to  the  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal 
bone  and  to  the  occipital  bone. 

Petro-Occipital  Suture  is  formed  by  the 
junction  of  the  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal 
with  the  occipital  bone.  It  is  a  deep  groove 
separating  the  bones,  which  have  between  them 
a  thin  laver  of  cartilage.  « 

PETRO -SALPIN'GO-PHARYNGEUS.  A 
fleshy  fasciculus,  which  extends  from  the  sphe- 
noid bone,  from  the  petrous  portion  of  the  tem- 
poral bone,  and  from  the  Eustachian  tube  to  the 
upper  part  of  the  pharynx.     See  Constrictor. 

PETRO  -  SALPINGO  -  STA  PlI  YLINUS,  Cir- 
cumflexus — p.  Salpingo-staphylinus,  Levator  pa- 
lati  —  p.  Stiiphyliu,  Levator  palati. 

PETRO-SPIIENOID'AL,  Petro-nplienoidn'lin. 
Belonging  to  the  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal 
bone  and  to  the  sjihenoid  bone. 

PETRO-SPHENOinAL  SuTURE;  —  a  namc  given 
to  the  small  suture  which  is  formed  by  the  ante- 
rior edge  of  the  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal 
bone  and  the  posterior  edge  of  the  sphenoid. 

PETROSAL,  Petrous. 

PETROSELINUM,  Apium  petroselinum  —  p. 
Macedonicum,  Biihon  Macedonicum.    . 

PETROSUM,  OS,  see  TemporaL 

PETROUS,  Petro'sus,  Petro'Kid,  (F.)  Pttrenx, 
Pxerretix,  from  viTpa,  and  Trerpos,  '  a  Stone.'  Re- 
sembling ptone;  having  the  hardness  of  stone.' 
Relating  or  belonging  to  the  petrous  portion  of 
the  temporal  bone. 

Petrous  Gan'glion,  Petro'unl  Gonfjlion,  Gun- 
gliov  of  Aiider»rh,  is  formed  by  the  glosso-pha- 
ryngcal  nerve,  shortly  after  it  emerges  from  the 


PETUM 


701 


PHAGEDENIC 


jugular  fnsfa.  From  this  ganjclion,  M.  Jacobson 
of  Copciihiigen  tractd  an  anastomosing  loop 
through  tlie  cavity  of  the  tympanum,  which  left 
hranc'hes  there,  and  was  theneo  reflected  down- 
wards to  join  the  Vidian  nerve.  —  See  Otic  Gan- 
glion. This  has  been  called  the  Nnrve  of  Jocoh- 
fiii,  Ti/iiipi(ii' ic  bntiuh  of  the  rjloHxo-phitryuyeal, 
and  the  inosculation,  Jiicobsou'n  AiKtilrniii/Kls. 

PKiiioiis  Portion  op  Tkmporal  Bonk,  see 
Teniponil  Bone — p.  Process,  see  Temporal  Bone. 

Pkthohs  Si'nuses,  Petro'nid  Sinitsen,  are  two 
venous  sinuses  of  the  dura  mater,  connected  with 
the  petrous  portion  of  the  temporal  bone,  and 
distinguished  on  each  side,  into  : —  1.  The  supe- 
rior petrDniil  Hinns.  It  arises  from  the  cavernous 
sinus;  follows  the  upper  edge  of  the  petrous  por- 
tion which  affords  it  a  gutter;  passes  into  the 
groat  circumference  of  the  tentorium  cerebelli, 
and  opens  into  the  lateral  sinus  whore  the  latter 
experiences  a  bend  near  the  base  of  the  pars  pe- 
trosa.  Its  form  is  triangular.  2.  The  infevUir 
petrontil  iiiniis  arises  from  the  cavernous  sinus  at 
the  same  point  as  the  last,  with  which  it  commu- 
nicates at  the  moment  of  its  origin.  It  descends 
between  the  inferior  edge  of  the  pars  petrosa  and 
the  basilary  process;  and  terminates  in  the  late- 
ral siiuis,  at  the  sinus  or  gulf  of  the  internal  ju- 
gular vein.  It  is  triangular,  and  broader  at  its 
e-xtrcniities  than  at  the  middle, 

PRTUM,  Nicotiana  tabacum. 

PE  TUN,  Nicotiana  tabacum. 

PI'lUCE,  Pinus  sylvestris. 

PEUCEA  BALSAMEA,  see  Pinus  abies. 

PEUCED'ANUM,  from  irevKn,  'the  pine  tree,' 
its  leaves  resembling  those  of  the  pine;  P.  offi- 
cinit'le  seu  alnnt' iciim  sou  nltiH'Himum  seu  panicit- 
hi'tnm  sou  ternn't\im,  SeH'nwn  penced'nnnm,  3fnr'- 
othrum 8i/!i>eit'tre,  3f<tr(tthrnph)/l'Iiim,  Pinanfel'liim, 
Firnic' itJnm  porci'num,  fioituH  Ge'iii'ns,  Hoq'a  Fen- 
nel, Snlpliiil-wnrt,  (F.)  Petiredan,  Queue  de  Pvur- 
ceait,  Fennnil  de  Pore.  Ord.  Umbelliferae.  Sex. 
Si/Kt.  Pontandria  Digynia.  The  root  has  a  strong, 
fetid  smell  —  somewhat  resembling  that  of  sul- 
phureous solutions  —  and  an  acrid,  unctuous, 
liitierish  taste.  It  has  been  recommended  as 
aiililiysterio  and  nervine. 

PEUcunANUM  Ai.sATiciTAf.  Pcuccdanum — p.  Al- 
tissiinum.Peueedanum — p.Officinale,Peucedanuin 
— ]).  Oi'eoselinum,  Athamanta  aureoselinum. 

Pkucedan(im  Palus'tiik,  Tlii/K/ie'liiim  seu 
SeWniim  palits'tre,  Seliitnm  si/li>es'tre  seu  thysse- 
11' num.  seu  lactes'ceim,  Thijuneli'iium,  OhnWium, 
Jfdmh  aeH'num,  a  European  plant,  has  been  re- 
commended as  an  anti-epileptic.  In  Courland,  it 
has  been  a  famous  remedy  in  epilepsy. 

Pkitcrdanum  Paniculatu.h,  Peucodanum  —  p. 
Pratense,  P.  silaus. 

PkuckdANUM  Si'lAi's,  P.praten'i?.  SeR'e/i prn- 
ten'ne.  Slum  seu  Litjus'ticum  seu  Onid'him  sil'iiih, 
Sit.rif'riiria  vulr/a'rin  seu  An'ijh'ca,  Hippomnr'- 
olhrnin,  Faenio' idum  er'rntictim, English  or  Meadoxo 
Sixx'ifrnge,  (F.)  Se.s4li  des  pres.  The  roots, 
leaves,  and  seeds  have  been  recommended  as 
aperients,  diuretics,  and  carminatves.  liarely 
used. 

PE^ICKDANu^f  Trrnatum,  Peucedanum. 

PEUPLIER,  Vopwlxis—p.  Bnumier,  Fagnra 
octandra"— p.  de  la  Caroline,  Fagara  octandra  — 
p.  Franc,  Populus — j}  Noir,  Peucedanum. 

PEXrS,  Concretion. 

PEY'EIII  aLAN'DULiE.  Pey'eri  Plexus glnn- 
dnlo'ni.  Gland' id(P,  Pci/erid'no!  seu  muco'sfp.  coatj- 
minn'l(P  seu  arjniina'l(P  seu  mnrip'arw  racema'tim 
conrjei'lm  inteslino'rnni  seu  intrstina'/es  ple.ri/or'- 
mri  seu  spu'ricP,  Corpnx'enla  glandida'rnm  si- 
viU'ia,  Oland'nlte  in  ntimrn  enntjreqa'to'  intentino'- 
.rnm,  Enterade'nes.  Pet/er'a  Glands,  Aij'minated 
or  agijregatc  glands.     Small  glands  or  follicles, 


situate  beneath  the  villous  coat  of  the  intestines, 
called  after  Pejer,  who  well  described  them. 
They  are  clustered  together,  (F.)  Plaques  de 
Peyer,  having  a  honey-comb  appearance  —  Ph-.- 
qnes  gaufrees  —  and  are  extremely  numerous. 
They  occur  most  numerously  in  the  lower  portion 
of  the  ileum,  and  resemlde,  in  their  morphology 
and  functions,  the  lymjjhatic  ganglions.  They 
are,  evidently,  concerned  in  the  great  function  of 
lymphosis. 

PEZA,  ir£^<j,  Doric  and  Arcadiafl  for  ttov^,  'a 
foot.'  The  foot :  according  to  some,  the  sole  of  the 
foot;  and  to  others,  the  astragalus.     The  ankle. 

PEZI'ZA  seu  PEZE'ZA  AURICULA,  from 
irti,a,  'the  sole  of  the  foot,'  Tremell'a  auric' nla 
Jud(B,  Auricula  JudcB,  Auricula'ria  sanihu'ci  sen 
samha'cina,  Exid'ia  auric'ula  Jndm,  2feru'liu.i 
auric'ula,  Fungus  sanibu'cinus,  Agar' icns  Auric'- 
nlcB  forrnd,  Jew's  Ear.  Ord.  Fungi.  This  fun- 
gus is  said  to  be  astringent;  but  has  chiefly  beea 
used  as  a  gargle  in  relaxed  sore  throat. 

PFEFFEKS  or  PFAFFERS,  MINERAL 
WATERS  OF,  ThermcB  Piperi'nee,  Th.  faba'- 
ri(B.  These  springs,  which  are  in  tlie  Swiss  Alps, 
are  simply  thermal  :  temperature  100°  of  Fah- 
renheit. 

PHAGE,  Pha'cea,  Phacns,  (jjaKrj.  'a  grain  of 
the  lentil,'  Ervum  lens.  Also,  chloasma;  the 
crystalline  lens;  and  a  flask  for  the  application 
of  heat,  so  called  owing  to  its  flattened  lens-like 
shape. 

PHACELLUS,  Fascicnlus. 

PIIACELUS,  Fasciculus. 

PFIACIIYMRNITIS,  Phacohyraenitis. 

PHACI.  Epheli.les. 

PHA'CICUS,  Phaco'tns,  Phaco'des ;  from  <paKrj, 
'lens.'     Lens-shaped,  lenticular. 

PHACI'TIS,  PhacoYdei'tis,  Lenfi'tia,  Crystal- 
li'tis,  Oristallii'idi'tix,  Gleni'tis,  from  (jjaKOf,  'a 
lens,'  and  itis,  a  termination  denoting  inflamma- 
tion. Inflammation  of  the  crystalline  lens  [?]. 
Inflammation  of  the  capsule  of  the  lens  is  termed 
Capii'lis,  Capsuli'lif,  and  Crystal'lino-eaprndi'tis, 

PHACO'DES,  Phacicus. 

PHACOIIYMENI'TIS.  Phakomeni'tia,  Phar. 
hymeni'tia,  Injlamma'tio  cap'sulo",  lenlls ;  from 
tpnuog,  'a,  lens,'  'vjjltiv,  'a  membrane,'  and  itis,  de- 
noting inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  cap- 
sule of  the  crvstalline. 

PHACOIDEITIS,  Phacitis. 

PHACOMALACIA,  Cataract,  .soft. 

PIIAC'OPIS.  Phaeo'tua;  from  (i>axr,.  'lens,' 
and  Koirtq,  'a  knife:'  Sralpel'lum  lenticnla'rc..  A 
lenticular- shaped  knife. 

PIIACOPS'IS,  from  .;■«<";,  'lens,'  and  oi/;?.  'vi- 
sion.' The  state  of  one  who  has  chloasma  or 
freckles  on  the  face. 

PHACOPTIS'ANA,  Pha'cium  :  from  ^aKn, 
'lens.' and  -KTtaavri,  'drink.'  A  drink  of  lentils. 
A  poulti'-p  of  lentils. 

PHACOS,  Ervnm  lens. 

PHACOSCOTOMA.  Cataract. 

PTIACOTUS,  Phacicus,  Phacopis. 

PlIACUS,  Phaee. 

PH.TlNKiMUS.  Phenigmus. 

PII.FNOMRXOLOrtrA,  Semeiology. 

PH/ENOMENON,  Phenomenon. 

PHAG-FiXA,  Boulimia. 

PIIAGED/ENA,  Boulimia.  Phagedenic  nicer— 
p.  Sloughing,  of  the  mouth.  Cancer  aquaticus — p. 
Ganirrftnosa,  Hospital  gangrene. 

PHAGEDEX'IC,  Phagedm'nicua,  Depaa'cens, 
(F.)  Phagfileniqne,  Rnngeant,  from  (/ni'/u.  'I  eat.' 

PHAGEnENIC  Ul.rETl,  Nome,  Phagedfp.'na,  Ulcus 
depaa'cens  set!  obam'hulans  seu  feri'nnm,  (F.) 
Ulcere  phagedenique  ou  rongennfe,  is  one  whii-h 
rapidly  eats  and  corrodes  the  neighbouring  parts. 

Phagedcn'ic,  in  Materia  Medica,  is  a  substance 


PHAKOHYMENITIS 


02 


PHARMACODYNAMICS 


used  for  destroying  fungous  granulations  in  ul- 
cers, &c. 

PlIAIvOIIYMEXITIS,  Phaoohyinenitis. 

PlIALACRA,  Calvities. 

PIIALACROMA,  Calvities. 

PIIALACROSIS,  Calvities. 

PIIALACROTIS.  Alopecia. 

PHAL^XA  PINGUINALIS,  see  Eetozoa. 

PHALAIA.  A  barbarous  term,  employed  by 
Basil  Valentine  to  designate  a  universal  medicine 
or  panacea. 

PHALAX'GAL,  Phalan'gian,  Phalnncfia'nus, 
from  (l>a\uY^,  ipaXayyui,  'a,  phalanx.'  Having  re- 
lation to  a  phalanx. 

PUALANGARTIIRI'TIS,  {rom<pa\ay^,<pa\aY- 
yoi,  'a  piialanx,'  ap$pov,  'a  joint,'  and  itis,  de- 
noting inflammation.  Gout  in  the  fingers.  In- 
flammation of  the  joints  of  the  fingers. 

PHALANGE,  Phalanx. 

PHALANGES  D£S  DOIGTS,  see  Phalanx— 
p.  of  the  Fingers,  see  Phalanx  —  p.  des  Ortet/s, 
see  Phalanx  —  p.  of  the  Toes,  see  Phalanx. 

PHALANGETTES,  see  Phalanx. 

PHALANGETTIEN.  Professor  Chaussier 
uses  this  term  for  any  thing  relating  to  the  third 
phalanx  of  the  fingers  or  toes,  —  P!)(t!<iiif/ien,  for 
what  relates  to  the  first,  —  and  Phalanyinien,  to 
the  second. 

PHALANGTAN,  Phalangal. 

PHALAXG/Ey,  see  Phnlmirjettien. 

PffALAXGINES,  see  Phalanx. 

PHALANGINIEN,  see  Phahx,u,enien. 

PHALANGIUM  ESCULENTUM,  SciUa  es- 
culenta. 

PHALANGO'SIS,  Hhpid'ltas,  from  0«Xayf, 
i^aXayyo;,  '  a  phalanx,'  '  a  row  of  soldiers.'  An 
affection  of  the  eyelids  in  which  the  lashes  are 
arranged  in  two  or  three  rows.  See  Trichinnls. 
Also,  dropping  of  the  upper  eyelid,  from  paralysis 
of  the  levator  palpebrae  superioris  muscle. 

PHALANX,  Plial'in'i/e,  PhtiUtnfjo' ma.  Same 
etymon.  A  name  given  to  the  small  bones  which 
form  the  fingers  and  toes,  because  placed  along- 
side each  other  like  a  phalanx.  They  are  distin- 
guished into  the  Plmlani/es  of  the  fingers,  Ossa 
seu  Ay'miii't  seu  A'cies  seu  Artie' uli  seu  Scntic'- 
vla  seu  Scii'tulcp.  seu  Nodi  seu  Tntenio'dia  seu 
Scylcil'idei  seu  Con'dyli  JJigitn'rum  IfanAs  ;  and 
the  Ph'i!((iii/ef!  of  the  Toex,  Ossa  seu  Artie'uli  seu 
Jitenio'dia  Dlgilo'niiti  Pedis.  I.  Phaldiiges  of 
the  fiiirjers,  (F.)  Phalanges  des  doigts.  They  are, 
in  each  haml,  fourteen, — three  to  each  finger,  and 
t»vo  to  the  thumb;  and  are  situate  one  above  the 
other.  They  are  distinguished,  numerically,  reck- 
oning from  the  base  towards  the  tip  of  the  finger. 

1.  ThQ  first  ov  metncnrpnt,  Procoii'di/li,  (F.)  Pre- 
liiieres  phalanges   ou    Phalanges   mStacarpiennes, 

2.  The  second  or  middle  jjhalanges,  (F.)  Secondes 
phalanges  ou  Phalanges  moijennes,  Phalangines, 
(Ch.)  3.  The  third  phalanges.  Jfefacon'ili/li,  Phn- 
1  in'ges  tui'guium.  (F.)  Troisieines  ]}halanges  ou 
J^halanges  ungneales  ou  nngniferes  ou  unguinales, 
Phalaiigettcs  (Ch.),  which  terminate  each  finger, 
and  support  the  nail.  II.  Phalanges  of  the  toes, 
(F.)  Phalanges  des  Orteils.  They  are  the  same 
in  number  as  those  of  the  fingers,  but  much 
smaller,  and  of  a  very  different  shape. 

The  phalanges  of  a  finger  or  toe  are  united 
with  each  other  ;  and  the  first  with  the  metacar- 
pal or  metatarsal  bone.  They  are  developed 
from  two  points  of  ossification  ;  one  for  the  supe- 
rior extremity,  and  the  other  for  the  body  and 
inferior  extremity. 

PHAL'ARIS  CANARIEN'SIS.  P.  ova'ta, 
(baXapoi — from  0aa),  '  I  shine,' — 'bright,  shining,' 
in  application  to  the  seed.)  Cul'tivated  Canary 
Grass,  (F.)  Alpiste.  Oct/.  Gramineae.  Sex.  Syst. 
Triandria  Digynia.  The  seed  of  this  grass, 
Caiiarij  seed,  (F.)  Grainea  d'aspic,  afford  a  nou- 


rishing meaL  The  ancients  recommended  them 
for  allaying  pains  in  the  kidney  and  bladder. 

PiiVLAitis  ZiZANon)KS,  An-lropogon  niuricatus 

PlIALLAL'GIA,  Phallodyn'ia,  (rotn  0aAo«,' 
'  the  male  organ,'  and  aXyoi,  '  pain.'  Pain  in  tlio 
male  organ. 

PH.ALLANCYLOSIS,  Chordeo. 

PHALLI'TIS,  Priapi'tis,  from  <l>a\\o(.  'the 
male  organ,' and  itis,  a  suffix  denoting  infianiiuu- 
tion.     Inflammation  of  flie  mule  organ. 

PHALLOCAMPSr.'^,  Chordue. 

PHALLOCARCINO'MA,  from  0aAXof,  'the 
male  organ,'  and  KapKivufia,  '  cancer.'  Uarcinoiiiii 
or  cancer  of  the  penis. 

PIIALLODYNIA,  Phallalgia. 

PHALLON'CUS,  from  tpaWog,  'the  male  or- 
gan,' and  oyKos,  '  swelling.'  Tumefaction  of  the 
male  organ. 

PHALLOPSOPH'IA,  from  ^.aWos,  'the  male 
organ,'  and  \j,o(pos,  'a  noise.'  Discharge  of  wind 
from  the  male  urethra. 

PHALLORRHAG"IA,  from  ((.aXAoj,  'the  male 
organ,' and /)()yKi'//(,  'I  break  out.'  Hemorrhage 
from  the  male  urethra.     Stimatosis. 

PlIALLORRIKEA,  Gonorrhoea. 

PIIALLORRHOiS'CHESrS,  from  ,/,«XAof, '  the 
male  organ,'  pot^,  '  discharge,'  and  lay^cii;  "to  with- 
hold.'    Sudden  arrest  of  a  gonorrhoenl  discli<irgc. 

PHALLUS,  Penis  — p.  Esculentus,  Morchella 
esculenta. 

PHANEROG'AMOIIS,  Phanerogam' ie,  Phane- 
rogam'icns,  (F.)  Phanerogame,  from  ^'irtpot.  (r/ina, 
'  1  shine,')  '  evident,'  and  yaiiog,  '  marriage.'  An 
epithet  used  by  Ijotanists  for  plants  whose  sexual 
organs  are  apparent.  Itis,  consequently,  the  op- 
posite to  cryptogamons. 

PIIANTASIA,  Delirium,  Imagination. 

PHANTASM,  Phantas'ma,  Phanlo'ma,  Phas- 
ma,  from  (^avra^u,  (^aivw,  '  I  bring  to  light,')  '  I 
make  appear.'  A  phantom,  false  appearance,  iip- 
parition.  Hallucination.  Derangement  of  the 
sense  of  sight  or  of  the  intellectual  faculties, 
causing  objects  to  be  perceived,  which  are  not 
before  the  eyes. 

PHANTASMA.  Pseudoblepsia. 

PHANTASM ATICUS,  Phantasticus. 

PHANTASMATOSCOPIA,  Metamorphopsia. 

PHANTASMOSCOPIA,  Metamorphopsia. 

PHANTAS'TICUS,  Inebriant.  Creating  phan- 
tasms —  phantasmat'icns. 

PHANTOM,  Fantom — p.  Tumour,  see  Fantoin. 

PHANTOMA,  Phantasm  —  p.  Obstetriciam, 
Fantom. 

PHARMACEIA,  Poisoning 

PHARMACEUM,  Apotheca. 

PHARMACEUS,  Apothecary. 

PHARMACEUTA,  Apothecary. 

PHARMACEU'TIC,  Pharmacen'ticns,  Phar- 
maceu'tical,  Pharmacentica'lis,  (P.)  Pharmaceu- 
tique,  from  (papiiaKov,  'a  medicine.'  An  epithet  for 
every  thing  belonging  to  pharmacy.  Thus,  we 
say,  Pharmacentical  preparations,  Ac. 

PHARMACEUTICE,  Pharmacy. 

PHARMACEUTIST,  Apothecary. 

PHARMACIEN,  Apothecary. 

PHARMACOCATA(;RAP1I6lOG"IA,  Cam- 
graphohig"ia,  Ars  for'mnlas  concinnan'di,  from 
^apjiaKov,  'a  medicine,'  Kara,  'beneath,'  ypa<t>l,  '» 
writing,'  and  \oyo;,  'a  description.'  The  art  of 
writing  prescriptions. — .1.  J.  Pienck. 

PHARMACOCHYMIA,  Chymistry,  pharni.v 
ceutieal. 

PHARMACODYNAM'ICS.  from  tpapitaKov,  '  a. 
medicine,'  and  ivvajAi;,  '  power.'  Pharmnr.ody- 
nam'ice,  Dynam'ical  Materia  Medico,  Pharmnco- 
dynitm'ica  doctri'nn,  Pharmaeodynamiolog"ia.  A 
division  of  pharmacology,  which  considers  the 
effects  and  uses  of  medicines. 


PHARMACODYNAMIOLOGIA       703 


PIIARYNGOGLOSSAL 


rilAHMACODYNAMIOLOGIA.     Pharmaco- 

'  I'lIARMAOOGNOS'IA,  Aceoguos'in.  Acoffnos'- 
iVr,  friiin  ipannnKov,'  a  medicine,' and yvu»<nf,  'know- 
ledge.' A  division  of  pharmncolo^ry,  which  treats 
of  siinplos,  or  unprepared  medicines. 

PIIARMACOLOGIA,  Materia  mediea. 

PIIARMACOMA'NIA.  from  ((.apixuKov.  'a  me- 
dicine,' and  fiavta,  '  mania.'  One  wlio  has  a  ma- 
nia for  prescril)in<^  or  for  tailing  medicine. 

PlIARMACON,  Poison. 

PHARMACOPflE'LA,  Phnrmncopre'a,  Codex 
medictimKnta'n'iis,  (F.)  Phnrmcicopee,  from  ijiap- 
It'iKov,  '  a  mcdicrine,'  and  rrouoi,  '  I  make.'  A  work, 
containing  a  collection  of  formuUc  for  the  pre- 
piiration,  &c.,  of  medicines:  {generally  j)ul)lishcd 
by  authority.  Formerly,  a  chemical  laboratory, 
LiOi'ii-nto' ritim  chi/m'icum  seu  phnrnincettt' icKtn. 

P1IARMAC0P(EUS,  Apothecary,  Drug<,nst. 

PHARMACOPOLA,  Apothecary,  Druggist. 

PIIARMAUOPOLE,  Apothecary,  Dru-'.'ist. 

PIIARMACOPOLI'UM,  Apothe.'cfi,  O'ffici'ua, 
Titber'na  Mcd'icn.  The  shop  of  the  druggist  or 
apothecary,  (F.)  Apothicaircn'e,  from  (papjxaMv, 
'a  medicine,'  and  jrwAfcD,  'I  sell.' 

PHARMACOPOS'IA,  from  4,apnaKov,  'a  medi- 
civie,'  and  iroirif,  '  a  potion.'  A  liquid  medicine, 
especially  one  that  is  cathartic. 

PlIARMACO'SA  MEDICAMRN'TA,  from 
(jiiioiiaKov,  'a  i)oison.'  Medicines  that  contain 
poisonous  substances.  —  Fallopius. 

PHARMACOTIIE'CA,  ^ap/^u-fo^v'";,  from  ,pap- 
fiaxov,  '  a  medicine,'  and  ri^»;//i,  '  I  place.'  A  case 
fur  medicines.      A  medicine  chest. 

PIIARMACOTIIERAPI'A,  from  c>apiiaKov,  and 
Bcp'i^tia,  '  treatment.'  Cure  of  diseases  by  re- 
medies. 

PIIARMACTER,  Apothecary. 

PJIARMACUM,  Medicament,  Poison— p. 
/Egyptiacum,  iEgyptiacum — p.  Amatorium,  Phil- 
ter. 

Phar'macum  ad  Aures,  uEgyp'tinm  Medica- 
vien'tnm  ad  Aitrcs.  A  name  given  to  a  medicine, 
composed  of  bitter  almonds,  white  pepper,  saf- 
fron, myrrh,  opium,  frankincense,  castor,  verjuice, 
sulphate  of  iron,  vinegar,  poniegrannte-bark,  iin- 
guentuin  nardinum,  &c..  It  was  believed  to  be 
useful  for  cleansing  fetid  ulcers  in  the  ears. 

PIIARMACURGTCUS,  Apothecary. 

PIIARMACURGUS,  Apothecary. 

PHAR'MACY,  Phnniiaci'a,  Pliarmocfu'li'ce, 
Plinrmax'is,  from  (papiiaKov,  'a  medicine.'  The 
art  which  teaches  the  knowledge,  choice,  preser- 
vation, preparation,  and  combination  of  medi- 
cines. It  was  formerlj'  divided  into  Gnlen'icnl 
and  Chi/m't'cril.  The  former,  called  after  Galen, 
embraced  the  operations  undertaken  on  medi- 
cines without  chymistry  :  —  the  latter,  Chi/micctl 
J'li'irninct/  or  Pli<in»aceii't!c  Clii/inintri/,  Phariiia- 
vnchi/in'iit,  comprised  the  preparation  of  medi- 
cines, founded  on  the  chymical  action  of  their 
principles. 

PilARMAXTS,  Pharmacy. 

PHARNA'CEUM  LINEA'RR,  called  after 
Pliarnaces,  King  of  Pontus.  A  South  .African 
plant,  iWit.  Ord.  Paronychiacciie,  employed  at  the 
Cape  in  pulmonary  affections.  It  is  generally 
given  in  infusion. 

PM  A  R  US.  Pharynx. 

PIIARYtJATlIRON,  Pharynx. 

PHA1{Y(JET1IRUM.  Pharynx. 

PHARYNG.E'UM  (SAL.),  from  pharynx, 
})h  1 1 11/ III/ in.  A  compound  of  cream  of  tartar, 
nitrate  of  potassa,  burnt  alum,  and  distilled  vine- 
'.f.w.  It  was  formerly  employed,  united  with 
honey  and  plantain-water,  to  make  gargles,  which 
were  advised  in  quinsy. 

PriARYXOE.  Pharyngeal. 
PIIARYNGE'AL,  Pii,tii/iirfce'u^,{T.)  PTiartjngf, 


Phnnjtigien.  Same  etymon.  That  which  relates 
to  the  pharynx.  A  name  given  to  the  muscles, 
vessels,  and  nerves  of  the  pharynx. 

Pharyngeal  Arteries.  These  are  two  in 
number.  The  one — superior  or  ptcri/i/ii-prihitine, 
lianiiis  Phoryngce'us  siipe'rior  of  Haller  —  arises 
from  the  internal  maxillary  at  the  base  of  the 
zygomatic  fossa,  passes  through  the  pterygo- 
palatine canal,  and  proceeds  to  be  distributed  to 
the  pharynx  and  the  corresponding  part  of  the 
Eustachian  tube.  The  other  —  the  inferior  — 
Pharynf/ce'n  iiscen'dens  of  Haller  —  arises  from 
the  external  carotid,  on  a  level  with  the  facial. 
It  ascends  along  the  lateral  and  posterior  part 
of  the  pharynx,  and  divides  into  two  branches; 
the  one — the  pharyn/jeal,  properly  so  called  —  is 
distributed  to  the  pharynx  ;  the  other —  the  «ie- 
iiiiifjcal  —  gives  its  branches  particularly  to  the 
dura  mater. 

Pharyngeal  Nerve.  A  branch  sent  by  the 
pneumogastric  to  the  pharynx.  It  descends  be- 
hind the  ititernal  carotid;  communicates  with 
the  glosso-pharyngeal  ;  and  divides,  opposite  the 
middle  constrictor  of  the  pharynx,  into  a  great 
number  of  filaments,  which  anastomose,  in  a  mul- 
titude of  different  directions,  with  filaments  of  the 
glosso-pharyngeal  nerve,  of  the  superior  laryn- 
geal branch,  and  of  the  first  cervical  ganglion. 
These  different  nervous  filaments  united  consti- 
tute the  phfiryiu/eol  ji^f^xus,  the  irregular  meshes 
of  which  send  numerous  ramifications  to  the 
pharynx. 

PlIAItYNGRAL  A^OTOR,  SGC  A''oice. 

PHARYNGEMPIIRAX'IS,  from  <papvyl  cpa- 
jjuyyos,  '  the  pharynx,'  and  e/i0pa|i{,  '  obstruction.' 
Obstruction  of  the  pharynx. 

PHARYNGETIIRON,  Pharynx. 

PHARYNGEURA'SMA,  Pharyngocele. 

PIIARYNGICUS,  Pharyngeal. 

PHAR  rXGIEN,  Pharyngeal. 

PHARYNGITE,  Cynanche  pharyngea — p. 
Tonsillaire,  Cynanche  tonsillaris. 

PHARYNGITIS,  Cynanche  pharyngea. 

Pharyngitis  Atostemato'sa.  Abscess  of  the 
pharynx. 

Pharyngi'tis,  Diphtherit'ic,  Angi'na  pseiido- 
membrniia'cea  seu  memhrana'cea  seu  pellicida'ris 
seu  plas'tica  seu  diphtherit'ica  seu  walig'un  seu 
pseitdo-menihrano'iio  seu  pestilentio'lix,  Pharyii- 
gnc'ace,  Pseudo-meriihriivons  InJIammatioii  of  the 
Throat,  (F.)  AiUjine  cotienneiise  ou  gntttirale  cou- 
eiineuse  ou  2>^<^i'do-membra)ieu>ie  ou  plastiqiie  ou 
diphtheritifjiie.  From  pharynx,  and  itis,  denot- 
ing inflammation.  Diphtheritic  inflammation  of 
the  pharynx.     See  Cynanche  maligna. 

Pharyngi'tis,  Foliac'vlah,  Fol/icidor  Inflam- 
mntion  of  the  Pharynx,  Angi'na  follicd/o'sn  of  the 
Pharynx,  Acne  of  the  Throat.  Inflammation  and 
enlargement  of  the  follicles  of  the  pharynx,  oc- 
casionally extending  to  the  larynx.  Sometimes 
termed  Olergyman'H  Sorethroat,  Tubercles  if  the 
Zaryiij.- and  Fauces,  and  Tuber'eular  Sorethroat. 

Pharyngi'tis,  Gangrenous,  Cynanche  ma- 
ligna. 

PHARYNGOCACE,  Pharyngitis,  diphtheritic. 

PHARYXGOCE'LE,  Pharyngeurys'mn,  Di- 
vertic'nlum  seu  Hernia  seu  Protnp'sus  (Fsoph'agf. 
seu  pharyn'gis,  CEsoph'agus  snccentnria'tus,  from 
if-apvy^.  <fiapvYyo(,  'the  pharynx,'  and  Kri^x;,  'a, 
tumour.'  An  enlargement  at  the  upper  part  of 
the  sjullet,  in  which  the  food  sometimes  rests  in 
considerable  quantity. 

PHARYNGODYN'IA,  from  ipapvyl,  ipapvyyoi, 
'the  pharynx,'  and  oSvvri,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the 
pharvnx. 

P  il  A  R  Y  NGOGLOSS'AL,  G/ossopharynge'al, 
Phnryngoglossia' nus.  That  which  belongs  to  the 
pharynx  and  tongue. 

PuARYXGOCLOSSAL    Nerte,    Glossopharyngeal 


niARYNGOGRAniY 


04 


r  II  E  N  I G  M  U  S 


yefve,  LiiKpia'lia  hitern'l'm,  (F.)  Nerf  GlosKophn- 
rynijlfu,  PhariincjotjlunHicn  —  a  portion  of  the 
eighth  pair — arises  t'ruin  the  superior  and  hiteral 
parts  of  the  spinal  marrow,  between  the  facial 
ami  pneuniogastric  nerves,  by  several  filaments, 
wliicli  soon  unite  into  a  single  cord,  that  passes 
out  of  the  cranium  by  the  foramen  laceruin  ante- 
rius  ;  goes  downwards  and  forsvards,  and  gains 
the  posterior  and  inferior  part  of  the  tongue. 
Immediately  after  its  exit  from  the  cranium,  it 
gives  a  branch  to  the  meatus  auditorius  externus, 
and  receives  a  filament  from  the  facial,  and 
another  from  the  pneuniogastric  nerve.  It  then 
furnishes  two  other  filaments,  which  descend 
upon  the  carotid  artery,  and  unite  at  the  bottom 
of  the  neck  with  branches  from  the  cervical  gan- 
glions and  cardiac  nerves,  and  give  two  filaments 
to  the  styln-pharyngeus  muscle.  The  glossopha- 
ryngeus,  after  sending  a  twig  or  two  to  the  tonsil, 
to  the  upper  part  of  the  pharynx  and  membrane 
of  the  epiglottis,  divides  into  many  branches 
which  run  partly  to  the  margin,  and  partly  to  the 
middle  of  the  root  of  the  tongue;  supplying, 
especiallj',  the  papillae  majores,  and  the  parts  in 
their  neighbourhood. 

By  some,  this  nerve  is  regarded  as  the  controller 
of  the  associated  motions  of  the  tongue  and  pha- 
rynx. By  others,  it  is  esteemed  to  be  the  special 
nerve  of  gustation. 

PHARYNUOG  '  RAPIIY,  Pharyngnfjra'phia, 
from  ipapvy^,  (papvyyoi,  '  the  J)harj'nx,'  and  ypntprj, 
'a  description.'  An  anatomical  description  of 
the  pharynx. 

PIIARYNGOL'OGY,  PJianjngolof/'ia,  from 
^apvy^,  (piipvyyos,  'the  pharynx,'  and  }.oyos,  'a 
discourse'  The  part  of  anatomy  which  treats 
of  the  pharynx. 

PHARYNGOLYSIS.  Pharyngoplcgia. 

PIIARYxNGOPARALYSrs",  Pharyngoplegia. 

PIIARYNtJOPLE'tJIA,  from  (pf^vy^,  >p<ipvyyos, 
'the  pharynx,'  and  rXi/irtru,  'I  strilie.'  Dj/npha'- 
gia  piirabjt'icii  seu  tor'jiidn  seu  nton'ica,  Aiiyi'nn 
2}<iroli/t'ieri,  A>itheiii'tt  De<iliititii>'nin,  P/iaryiir/ol'- 
ynin,  P!inri/)iiji>piirriri/fin,  Paral'ysiH  (EmKjph'iKjl, 
Giilcp  liiihecil'littis.  Paralysis  of  the  pharynx  or 
oesophagus :  commonly  a  symptom  of  general 
paralysis,  or  of  approaching  dissolution. 

PIIARYNOORRHAO'TA;  from  ipapvy^,  <pa- 
puyyof,  'the  pharynx,'  and  puytj,  'rupture.'  Ilge- 
morrliage  from  the  vessels  of  the  pharynx. 

PHARYNUOSPAS'MUS,from0«pi>yf0„/)uyyof, 
'the  ijharyrix.'  and  oiraaiios,  'spasm.'  Spasm  or 
cramp  of  the  pharynx. 

Pir  A  R  Y  N  G  OSTAPHYLINUS,  Palato-pha- 
ryngcus. 

PHARYXGOrOME,  Pharyngot'omvn,  from 
^apvy^,  (papvyyiig,  'the  pharynx,'  and  ti/ivu,  'I 
cut.'  An  iiistniinent,  invented  by  J.  L.  Petit, 
used  to  scarify  inflamed  tonsils,  and  to  open  ab- 
scesses, which  form  in  the  parietes  of  the  pha- 
rynx. It  is  composed  of  a  long,  narrow  blade 
with  a  lancet  point,  enclosed  in  a  sheath  or 
canula  of  silver  slightly  curved.  This  instrument 
is  carried  to  the  part  to  be  cut,  an<l  the  point  of 
the  blade  is  made  to  pass  out  of  the  sheath,  by 
pressing  on  a  button  at  the  end  of  the  pharyngo- 
tome.  A  spring  causes  the  blade  to  re-enter  as 
soon  as  the  pressure  is  removed. 

PIIARYNGOT'OMY,  Pharyngotom'ia  ;  same 
etymon.  Some  authors  have  used  this  word 
synonymously  with  oesophagotomy.  It  means, 
also,  scarification  of  the  tonsils,  or  an  incision 
made  for  opening  abscesses  there,  Ac. 

PJIARYNX,  fi'piy^,  Phiirynx,  (papv^,  Phariis, 
Githt,  Latmnx,  Fnnces,  Plmvyg' ethrnm,  Pharyn'- 
gethron,  Pliaryn'r/ethron,  Phnryqnthrnn,  fith'nioR, 
Islh'minn,  luf/lii'vies,  Princip' linn  Gidcp,  On  pun'- 
tenon,  Giirges,  (F.)  Arriere-hoitrhe.  Gnuier,  Gorge. 
A  Species  of  musculo-membranoas,  symmetrical 


canal,  on  the  median  line,  irregularly  fiinnd- 
shapcd.  .•mil  situate  between  the  b.ase  of  the  cra- 
nium and  the  oesophagiis,  in  front  of  the  vcrlu- 
bral  column.  It  is  very  narrow  above;  but 
dilates  in  the  middle,  and  again  contracts  below, 
at  its  junction  with  the  oesophagus.  Into  the  an- 
terior paries  of  the  pharynx  ojien,  successively, 
from  above  to  below, — the  posterior  orifices  of  iho 
nasal  fossa)  ;  the  Eustachian  tubes  ;  the  posterior 
aperture  of  the  mouth,  and  the  top  of  the  larynx. 
The  pharynx  is  formed,  externally,  of  a  muscu- 
lar coat,  and,  internally,  of  a  mucous  membrane, 
which  is  continuous,  above,  with  the  Sihiicider- 
ian  membrane;  and  in  the  middle,  witli  that  of 
the  mouth  ;  below,  with  that  of  the  a>sophagus; 
and,  at  the  sides,  with  that  of  the  Eustachian 
tubes.  This  membrane  has  no  villi,  and  presents 
only  a  few  inequalities,  which  are  owing  to  the 
presence  of  muciparous  f(dlicles.  The  niuscnhir 
coat  of  the  pharj'nx  is  composed  of  the  constric- 
tor muscles,  stj'lopharyngei,  and  pharyngosta- 
phylini.  The  vessels  and  nerves  are  called  pha- 
i-yiigeal.  The  pharynx  serves  as  a  common 
origin  for  the  digestive  and  resjiiratory  passages. 
It  gives  passage  to  the  air,  during  respiration; 
and  to  the  food  at  the  time  of  deglutition. 

Pn.vnvNX,  Foi.LicuLAu  Inflammation  of  the, 
Pharyngitis,  follicular. 

PIIARYX,  Pharyn.x. 

PHASELUS.  Phaseolus 

PIIASE'OLUS,  (paarj^ni,  (jiaarjo^os,  (jiaato^oi,  P, 
Viilga'ris,  Phani'vlun,  J'hose'hiH,  Fune'liin,  Ftiae'- 
ohiK,  J](»ia,  liooiKt,  Foha  ;  Kidney  Peon;  French 
Bean  ;  (F. )  Faaeah,  Haricot.  Ocf/.  Leguniinosa?. 
Ser.  Synf.  Diadel|)hia  Decandria.  When  young 
and  well  boiled,  this  is  easy  of  digofion,  and 
delicately  flavoured.  It  is  less  flatulent  than 
the  pea. 

PiiASKOLiT.s  CnKTicus,  Cajnn,  Cnyiin.  A  de- 
coction of  the  leaves,  according  to  Ray,  restrains 
the  hemorrhoidal  flux  when  excessive. 

PilASKOLTT.s  Vui.GARis,  Phaseolus. 

PHASIA'NUS  GALLUS,  so  called  from  the 
river,  ij>iicr(s,  in  Colchis,  near  the  Black  Sea:  (F.) 
Coq.  The  parts  of  generation  of  the  cock,  dried 
and  pulverized,  were  formerly  regarded  as  (iroper 
for  increasing  the  quantity  of  semen.  The  fiit 
was  used  as  emollient  and  resolvent;  the  brain, 
in  diarrhoea;  the  gall,  in  freckles  and  diseases  of 
the  eves.    These  phantasies  are  now  abandoned. 

PlIASIOLUS,  Phaseolus. 

P'llASMA,  Phantasm. 

PllATNE,  Alveolus. 

PIIATNION.  Alveolus. 

PHATNORR]IAG"IA,  Stomotorrlini/'ia  al- 
veola'rum,  from  (pnTviov,  'an  alveolus,' and  priyyvpt, 
'I  break  forth.'     Hemorrhage  from  the  alveoli. 

PHAUSIN'GES,  cpavaiyya,  plural  of  tpuvciyl, 
from  ipuv^io,  '  I  roast.'  Spots  or  blisters  on  the 
legs,  produced  by  heat;  and,  in  a  more  extensive 
signification,  by  any  other  cause.  Also,  a  jius- 
tule.  —  Focsius. 

PHELLANDRE,  Phcllnndrium  aqn.-itirum. 

PHELLAN'DRIUM  AQUAT'ICyM,  rhellmi. 
drium,  CEnan'tlie  phellnn'drivm  seu  oqnat' Iva,  Li- 
gni'tictim  phellaii'drinm,  Fanic' idtnn  aqnat'iciini, 
Civuta'rin  aqniitica,  Water  Fennel,  Fine-leaved 
Water  Hemloeh,  (F.)  Pliellandre,  Fenonil  d'eau, 
eigne  d'eau,  Millefeuille  aqnatiqne.  Ord.  Uni- 
belliferoe.  Sei:  Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia.  This 
plant  is  stimulant  and  narcotic.  It  has  been 
used  in  intermittents  and  dyspepsia.  It  has,  also, 
been  given  in  phthisis  pulmonalis,  and  in  cases 
of  scrofulous  atonic  ulcers. 

PHENE.  Benzole. 

PnEXIG'MUS./'//a'»ny/'niK»./'Aff/MV/'wi(«,frnm 
^oii'i?,  'red.'  PrdJavndiee.  A  cutaneous  offec- 
tion,  consisting  of  redness  diffused  over  the  skin, 
without  fever.     Sauvages  makes  it  a  genus  of  Lis 


niEXOM^kXE 


705 


PHLEGM 


order  Icteriiicc.  Also,  the  act  of  irritating  a  part 
by  a  stiinuiating  application. 

I'll  END  M^yE,  Phenomenon. 

PHENOM'ENON,  I'hannm' cnon,  (F.)  PMno- 
nieiie,  from  tpaivotim,  '  I  appear.'  An  extraordi- 
nary and  unexpected  event.  In  Mcdivine,  it 
ineana  any  change,  a|)iireciable  by  our  senses, 
whicli  supervenes  in  an  organ  or  function: — as 
the  phciitimeiKi,  of  the  circulation,  resi»iration,  &c. 
It  is  used  iu  pathology,  synonymously  with 
symptom. 

PlIENYLE,  IIYDRURET  OF,  Benzole. 

PIIEUGOPIIOUIA,  Hydrophobia. 

PIIEUGYDUON,  Hydrophobia. 

PIII'ALA,  A  Phial,  or  Vi„l.  (F.)  F!ole,  <pia>.n, 
^u\v<  'a  vessel  with  a  broad  bottom.'  A  small 
bottle,  in  which  apothecaries  are  in  the  habit  of 
sending  out  their  mixtures,  draughts,  <fec. :  hence 
called  Mf'd'icliie  Viuh,  (¥.)  Fioles  d  Medeciiie. 
They  arc  usually  sold  in  grosses,  and  assorted 
into  vials  of  oz.  8;  oz.  4;  oz.  3;  oz.  2;  oz.  IJ;  oz. 
1;  and  oz.  ^. 

PHILADYNAMICA,  Debilitants. 

PHILANTIIROPUS,  Galium  aparine. 

PIIILETKUN,  Philter. 

PlIILETKUM,  Lacuna  labii  supcrioris. 

PIIILIA'TER,  I'lillia'troH,  ^lAiarpoj,  from 
^iXtu,  '  I  love,'  and  uiTfliKtj,  '  medicine.'  An  ama- 
teur of  medicine.  One  who  studies  medicine; 
St  ml  ill' HUH  null  iii' HOP,. 

PllILOBIO'SIS,  (F.)  Philohiosie  :  from  ^lAtw, 
*I  love,'  anil  /3tuf,  'life.'     The  love  of  life. 

PHILCE'NIA,  from  0(>fui,  'I  love,' and  oivoi, 
'wine.'     Love  of  wine.     Addiction  to  wine. 

PHrLO(JYNIA,  Miilielirositas. 

PHILONIU.M  LONOrNENSE,  Confectio  opiL 

PniLOPATRIDALUIA,  Nostalgia. 

PHILOPATHIDOMANIA,  No.stalgia, 

PHILOSOPHER'S  STONE,  see  Aichymy. 

PHILOSOPIHA  CORPORIS  VIVI,  Physi- 
ology—  P-  llenuetica,  Aichymy  —  p.  per  Ignem, 
Chymistry. 

PHIL'TER,  from  .^lAtw,  'I  love.'  PhiUmm, 
Phil'etrou,  Phile'tron,  Phiir'iiiiiciim  seu  I'oc'- 
uluiii  amato'riiim,  Amiito'riiiiii  ve)iejic"ium,  (F.) 
Philtre.  A  medicine  or  drink  considered  capa- 
ble of  causing  love. 

PHILTRUM.  Lacuna  labii  superioris. 

PHILYRA,  Tilia. 

PIIFMA,  Phyma. 

PHIMOS,  Capistrum. 

PHIMO'SICUS.     Relating  to  Phimosis. 

Sauvages  calls  Ixchu'rin  phimo'sica  seu  iire- 
thra'lis  d  phi  mo' si,  the  retention  of  urine  which 
depends  upon  phimosis. 

PlIIMO'SIS,  Phi/mi)'xis,  Capistrn'tio,  Epngo'- 
gium,  Ligatn'ra  r/laudis,  Stiictu'ra  2»''^P"'fi'\ 
Reduc'tio  prcBpit'lii  inipedi'tit,  from  ipt/ioo),  'I  bind 
tight.'  A  disease  which  consists  in  a  preternatu- 
ral narrowness  of  the  opening  of  the  prepuce,  so 
that  it  cannot  be  carried  behind  the  corona  glan- 
dis.  This  affection  is  most  commonly  congenital. 
Sometimes  it  is  accidental,  and  dependent  upon 
tumefaction  of  the  glans,  or  of  the  prepuce,  as 
occurs  in  syphilis.  To  remedy  this  state,  the 
prepuce  may  be  divided  by  means  of  a  bistoury 
and  director;  or  circumcision  may  be  practised. 

Phimosis  Adnata  seu  Coxoknita  seu  Pukri- 
Lis,  Congenital  phimosis — p.  Circumligata,  Para- 
phimosis—  p.  Congenita,  P.  adnata. 

Phimo'si.s  Q^DKMATO'DES,  Hydrophimo'nis. 
Phimosis  with  cedeuiatous  swelling  of  the  pre- 
puce. 

Phimosis  Puerilts.  Ph.  adnata. 

PHLAS.MA.  Contusion. 

PHLEHARTERIODIALTSIS,  see  Aneurism. 

PHLEBECTA'SIA,  Phlcbec'lnsin,  from  if,Xc4, 
0\«/Jo$,  'a  vein,' and  t/craais,  'dilatation.'  Dila- 
45 


tation  of  a  vein,  or  of  a  portion  of  a  vein. — 
Alibert. 

PllLEnEGTTARCTIE.  A  mongrel  terra, 
from  i^Xfi^,  (p\e0of,  'a  vein,'  and  arcto,  'I  con- 
tract.'    Contraction  of  a  vein. 

PHLEBES.  (Arteries.)     See  Artery. 

PHLEBEURYSMA,  Vari.x. 

PHLEB'ION,  diminutive  of  <p\t4',  <p>ipos,  'a 
vein.'  A  vein.  —  Hippocrates.  A  small  vein, — 
Ve'iiiihi. 

PHLEBIS'MUS,  from  <p\c4,,  <p)^il3„i;,  'a  vein.' 
A  term  employed  by  Dr.  Marshall  Hall  for  the 
turgescence  of  veins,  produced  by  impeded  return 
of  the  blood.     See  Trachelismus. 

PHLEBI'TIS,  Jtijlamtiia'lio  vetia'rnm,  (F.) 
Phlebite,  Jiififuiimntinu  den  veitiei,  from  liiXe^, 
^Xel.'loi,  'a  vein,'  and  itis,  the  termination  for  in- 
flammation. Inflammation  of  the  inner  mem- 
brane of  a  vein,  Endo-plilebi'tis,  which  sometimes 
follows  blood-letting,  and  extends  from  the  small 
wound  made  in  that  operation  to  the  neighbouring 
parts  of  the  venous  system.  The  symptoms  are, 
first,  inflammation  in  the  punctured  part;  and. 
afterwards,  a  knotty,  tense,  painful  cord,  follow- 
ing the  direction  of  the  vessel,  and  accompanied 
with  more  or  less  fever,  according  to  the  extent 
of  the  inflammation,  the  nervous  symj)toms,  &c. 
Phlebitis,  also,  sometimes  supervenes  on  the  liga- 
ture or  excision  of  varices ;  after  amputation, 
gun-shot  wounds,  delivery  ( Uterine  Phlebitifi, 
Lochi>-iiietro-phh'hi' tin, Metro-phi ehi' lis  Jiiteipent'- 
lin,  Phlehi'tia  uteri' iia,  3fetri'tin  veiio'in),  the 
ligature  of  the  umbilical  cord,  <fec.  It  may  ter- 
minate bj'  resolution,  suppuration,  ulceration,  or 
gangrene. 

Phlebitis,  Criiral,  Phlegmatia  dolens  —  p. 
Uterina,  see  Peritonitis,  and  Phlebitis. 

PHLEBOG'RAPHY,  Phlebogra'phia,  from 
<l>\cip,  ^\ej3o;,  'a  vein,'  and  ypa^j],  'a  description.' 
A  descrijition  of  the  veins. 

PHLEB'OLITE,  Phlehol'ithuiyVein  stone,  from 
0X£\J/,  ipXtfios,  'a.  vein,'  and  Xifloj,  'a  stone.'  A 
loose  concretion,  varying  in  size  from  that  of  a 
currant  to  that  of  a  pea,  occasionally  found  in 
the  veins.  It  would  seem  to  be  formed  in  the 
blood. 

PHLEBOLITHUS,  Phlebolite. 

PHLEBOL'0(iY,  Phleboloif'ia,  from  ^Xti^. 
(pXtjSos,  'a  vein,'  and  Xoyog,  'a  discourse.'  The 
part  of  anatomy  which  treats  of  the  veins. 

PHLEBOPA'LIA,  from  0Xci//,  ipXijioi,  'a  vein,' 
and  iriiXXo),  'I  palpitate.'  AVitb  the  ancients, ^)»/- 
satio)t,  which  they  conceived  to  be  produced  by 
the  veins.     See  Pulsus  venarura. 

PHLEBOPHTHALMOTOM'IA,  Ophthalmo. 
phlebotom'ia,  from  ipXei^,  ipXelJog,  'a  vein,'  oipSaX- 
lioi,  'the  eye,' and  rtiivu),  'I  cut.'  Blood-letting 
in  the  eye. 

PHLEBOPLEROSIS  ECPHRACTICA,  In- 
flammation. 

PHLEBORRHAG"IA,  from  <pXtip,  ipXeUos,  '  u 
vein,'  and  ptiywfii,  'I  break  out.'  Rupture  of  the 
veins  ;  and,  in  a  more  extensive  sense,  venous 
hemorrhage. 

PHLEBORRHEX'IS,  from  (pXc^l,,  il>Xci3os,  'a 
vein,'  and  pr^s'S.  'rupture.'  Ru|)ture  of  a  vein. 
Also,  hemorrhage  from  a  vein,  Phleborrhiiii"i<i. 

PHLEBOSTENO'SIS,  from  ipXi^^,  ipXi'j3of,  'a 
vein,' and  nTtiidais,  'contraction.'  Constriction  or 
contraction  of  a  vein. 

PHLEBOT'OMIST,  from  ipXiij,,  ipXclSo;,  'a  vein.' 
and  rffim),  'I  cut.'  A  bleeder.  One  who  prac- 
tises particularly  the  art  of  phlebotomy.  See 
Blood-letting. 

PlILEBOTOMITM,  Fleam. 

PHLEBOTOMY,  see  Blood-letting. 

PHLEBS.  Vein. 

PIILEDOXIA,  Delirium. 

PHLEGM,  Phleijma,  ipXcyfa,  Pitni'ta,  Pil'uite, 


niLEGMA  NARIUM  CRASSUM 


0  0 


PIILORIDZINE 


MuciiH,  Mother,  (F.)  Phlegme,  Pitiiite.  One  of 
the  fi)ur  natural  humours  of  the  ancients,  which, 
according  to  them,  was  cold  and  moist,  as  atra- 
liilis  was  cold  and  dry.  It  predominated,  espe- 
cially, in  winter. 

Pitiiita  was  afterwards  applied  to  every  aque- 
ous or  excrementitious  humour,  such  as  the  sa- 
liva, nasal  and  intestinal  mucus,  serum,  Ac.  The 
terms  phlei/m  and  pitiiita  are  no  louj^er  used  in 
j)hysiol()gy,  —  the  different  humours  having  re- 
ceived particular  names;  but  the  vulgar  still  use 
],hlef/m  to  designate  a  stringy  mucus,  expecto- 
riited.  or  rejected  by  vomiting.  The  ancient 
chy mists  gave  the  name  'phlegm'  to  aqueous, 
insipid,  and  inodorous  products  obtained  by  sub- 
jecting moist  vegetable  matters  to  the  action  of 

PHLEGMA  NARIUM  CRASSUM,  Nasal  mu- 
cus—  p.  Vitrioli,  Sulphuric  acid  (very  dilute.) 

PHLEG'MAGOGUE,  Phleqmago'gHS ;  from 
ij,\(.yiia,  'phlegm,'  and  ayto,  'I  expel.'  A  medi- 
cine, formerly  believed  capable  of  "cutting"  or 
removing  phlegm. 

PHLEGM.^PYRA,  Fever,  adeno-meningeal. 
PHLEGMASIA,  Inflammation,  Phlegmon— p. 
Adenosa,  Adenitis — p.  Alba  dolens  puerperarum. 
Ph.  dolens  —  p.  Cellularis,  Induration  of  the  cel- 
lular tissue — p.  Glandulosa,  Adenitis — p.  Myoica, 
Myositis  —  p.  of  the  Peritoneum,  Peritonitis. 

PHLEGMA'TIA,  from  (pXcyna,  <pXtyiJ.aTos, 
'phlegm.'     ffidema.  Anasarca,  Hydrops. 

Phlkgma'tia.  Dolkns,  p.  lac'ted  seu  dolens  seu 
'(/6a  dolens  seu  Leucophlegniasia  dolens  seu  Spar- 
gtino'sis  seu  Scelal'gid  seu  CEde'mn  p>ne)per<trnm, 
Seelon'eus,  Anasar' ea  sero'sit,  Eephy'mn  ademnt'- 
icnni,  Ecchymo'ma  lympliat'ivum,  Is'chios  a  spar- 
il'iHo'si,  CEde'mn  htctenm,  Infnrc' tns  lac'tei  eutre- 
iiiitu'tian,  ]\fel(is'liisis  lactis,  Hysteral'gia  gnlac'- 
tiia,  Hydroplilegma'sia  te.rtiis  ccllulo'si,  Crural 
J'hlehi'tis,  White  leg,  Swelled  leg,  Milk  leg.  White 
sirelling  of  lying  in  loomen,  (F.)  (Edeme  des  nou- 
velles  accoHchees,  (Edeme  doulenrenx  des  femmes 
en  eonche.  Depot  luilenx  sitr  la  cuisse,  (Edeme 
iictif  des  uourellea  aceonehecs,  Enflure  ou  Engorge- 
ment des  jnmhes  et  des  cnisses  de  la  femme  accoii- 
thee,  E.  laiteu.c  des  memhres  ahdominaux.  It 
occurs,  for  the  most  part,  in  the  second  or  third 
week  after  delivery: — is  limited  to  the  lower  ex- 
tremity, and  chiefly  to  one  side:  exhibiting  to  the 
touch  a  feeling  of  numerous  irregular  prominences 
under  the  skin.  It  is  hot,  white,  and  unyielding; 
and  is  accompanied,  sooner  or  later,  with  febrile 
excitement.  After  a  few  days,  the  heat,  hard- 
ness, and  sensibility  diminish,  and  the  limb  re- 
mains oedematous  for  a  longer  or  shorter  period. 
The  disease  frequently,  if  not  generally,  consists 
in  the  obstruction  of  the  iliac  or  other  veins. 
Owing  to  the  pressure  of  the  gravid  uterus  —  the 
flow  of  blood  being  obstructed  —  the  serous  part 
of  it  is  thrown  out  into  the  cellular  membrane  of 
the  limb.  Sometimes  the  vein  is  found  completely 
obliterated. 

The  treatment  consists  in  the  use  of  antiphlo- 
gistics  :  —  the  application  of  leeches  or  cupping- 
glasses  near  the  groin,  fomentations  to  the  limb, 
<tc.-;  and,  when  the  active  state  has  subsided,  the 
use  of  a  roller,  applied  gently  at  first,  but,  after- 
wards, gradually  tightened. 

Phlegmatia  Lactka.  P.  dolens. 

PHLEGMATI.E,  see  Empresma— p.  Membra- 
nopa>  et  parenehvmatosaj,  Empresma. 

PHLEGM AT'"lC,  Phlegmat'icus,  from  -pXiyiia, 
'phlegm.'  Abounding  in  phlegm, — as  the  'phleg- 
iHOtic  or  hjinphatic  temperament.' 

PHLEGMATOCHEMY,  see  Chemistry. 

PHLEGMATOPYRA,  Fever,  adeno-menin- 
srcal. 

"   PHLEGMATORRHAC'IA,  Phlegmntorrh(p'a, 
CtUarrh,  from  (pXiyna,  fXcyfuxTOi,  'phlegm,'  and 


ptoo,  '  I  flow.'  Stahl  and  his  partisans  gave  this 
name  to  a  copious  secretion,  by  the  nostrils,  of  a 
limpid  and  thin  mucus,  without  inflamninlion.  It 
is  the  Cory'za  Phlegniatorrhag" ia  of  Suuvageg. 
See  Corvza. 

PHLEGMHYMENITIS,  Phlcgmymenilis. 
PHLEGjMON,  from  ./.Xtyu,  '  I  burn.'  I'tdogo'. 
sis  phleg'mone,  Phleg' mone,  Phlcgnia'sia,  /iiceii'- 
dinm,  In/himma'tio,  (Prov.)  Beat.  Inflamma- 
tion of  the  areolar  texture  accompanied  with  red- 
ness, circumscribed  swelling,  increased  heat  and 
pain  ;  which  is,  at  first,  tensive  and  lancinating; 
afterwards,  pulsatory  and  heavy.  It  is  apt  to 
terminate  in  suppuration.  It  requires  the  anti- 
phlogistic treatment,  until  suppuration  seems 
inevitable,  when  the  sujipuriition  must  be  encou- 
raged as  the  next  favourable  termination  to 
resolution.  ^  ^ 

PHLEGMON  PERTNEPIIRETIQUE,  Pe- 
riphrenitis—  p.  Peri-uterine,  see  Peri-uterine. 

PHLEGMONE,   Inflammation  —  p.   Mammae, 
Mastodynia  apostematosa — p.  Mastodynia,  Mas- 
todynia  apostematosa  —  p.  Parotidrea,  Parotis  — 
p.  Peritonaei,  Peritonitis — p.  Parulis,  Parulis — p. 
Musculorum,  Myositis  —  p.  Ventriculi,  Gastritis. 
PHLEGMONEUX,  Phlegmonous. 
PIILEtJMONODES.  Phlegmonous. 
PHLEtiMONOID.  Phlegmonous. 
PIILEG'MONOUS,   Phlegmono'des,    Phlrg'mo- 
noid,   (F.)   Phlegmoneux,   from    tpXtyftovri,   (^Xtyui, 
'  I  burn.')  'a  phlegmon,'  and  tiioj,  '  resemblance.' 
That  which   relates    or  belongs  to  or  resembles 
phlegmon. 

Phlegmonods  Inflammation  is  the  active  in- 
flammation of  the  areolar  membrane;  in  contra- 
distinction to  erysipelatous  inflammation,  or  that 
of  the  skin. 

PIILEGMOPYRA,  Fever,  adeno-meningeal. 
PlILEGMORRHAGIA,  Rlennorrhoea. 
PHLEGM  on  It  HA  GIE  P  ULMONA  IRE, 
Bronchorrhoea. 

PIILE(iMORRH(EA,  Rlennorrhoea. 
PHLE(iMYMENI'TIS,/';//e(/m/n/»(e»i'^/»,from 
•pXcyixa,  'phlegm,'  'v/ivv,  'a  membrane,' and  itis, 
the  termination  for  inflammation.     Inflammation 
of  a  mucous  membrane. 

Phlkgmymenitis  Enterica,  see  Enteritis. 
PIILEPS,  Vein. 
PHLOGIA,  Inflammation. 
PHLO(iICUS,  Inflammatory. 
PHLOtilSTIC.  Inflammatory. 
PHLOGISTICI,  Empresma. 
PHLOGISTON,  Hydrogen. 
PHLOGMUS,  Verbascum  thapsus. 
PlILOGO'DES,  from  (/,Ao|,  .pXoyoc,  {<pXtyu>,  'I 
burn,')    'flame,'    and    aioi,    'resemblance.'      In- 
Jla'med,   Injhunma'tus,    Injiammato'riiii,   Iliflam- 
matory.     An    epithet   employed   particularly   to 
exi)ress  the  red  colour  of  the  face. 
PHLOGOGUS,  Antiphlogistic. 
PHLOGOPYRUS,  Synocha. 
PHLOGOSED,  Inflamed. 

PlILOGO'SIS,  Tncen'dinm,  Fnflammn'tion,hom 
(jiXof,  (^Xoyoi,  'flame.'  Some  writers  use  this  word 
exclusively  for  external  inflammation  —  phleg- 
mon ;  others,  for  that  which  is  superficial  or  ery- 
sipelatous. 

PIILOGOT'ICA,  Inflammations.     The  second 
order  in  the  class  Hasmatiea  of  Good. 
PHLOIOS,  Cortex. 
PHLOMUS,  Verbascum  thapsus. 
PHLOOS,  Cortex. 

PIILOR'IDZINE,  Phloridzi'na,  Phlnridzin, 
from  (pXooi,  'inner  bark,'  and  pi^a,  'root.'  The 
bitter  or  active  principle  of  the  root  and  trunk 
of  the  apple,  pear,  cherry,  and  plum  tree.  It  n 
deposited  from  the  decoction  on  cooling;  cryftnl- 
lizes  in  silky  spicula  of  a  dead  white  colour  when 
I  in  masses,  or  in  long  slender  prisms  or  tables, 


PHLOUS 


07 


niOTOPSIA 


when  crystallized  with  care.  1000  parts  of  water, 
nt  a  temperature  of  from  32°  to  71°,  only  dissolve 
about  one  part;  but  at  from  70°  to  212°,  it  is 
dissolved  in  all  proportions.  It  is  very  soluble 
ill  pure  alcohol,  but  only  slightly  so  in  ether; 
B.  g.  1.42'J.  It  has  been  administered  success- 
fully in  intermitteiits, — 10  to  20  grains  being  ge- 
nerally re(iuired  to  arrest  the  paroxysm.  It  may 
be  given  cither  in  the  form  of  pill  or  powder. 

I'HLOUS,  Cortex. 

PHLOX,  Verbascum  thapsus. 

PIILYCT^'NA,  Phhjvtep.'nig,  Plihjvth,  Phly- 
zii'ciou,  Ampull'a;,  Ilolophlyc'lldee,  Phhjc'tideH, 
J'lili/Hin,  from  ^Xufw,  '  I  boil.'  Tumours  formed 
by  llie  accumulation  of  a  serous  fluid  under  the 
epidermis. 

PIILYCT^NULA,  see  Hydatid. 

PHLYC'TENOID,  Phhjctenoi'des,  from  ^j/i/yc- 
taiiia,  and  aSos,  'resemblance.'  Resetnblino- 
plilyctaenao.     An  epithet  for  a  variety  of  herpes. 

PIILYCTEN'ULAR.  same  etymon  as  Phlyc- 
taena.  Of  or  belonging  to  phlyctienula,  —  as 
plili/cteiiHlar  ophthalmia ;  inflammation  of  the 
eye,  accompanied  with  phlyctaenulse  on  the 
cornea. 

PHLYCTIDES,  Phlyctacna. 

PIILY'CTID'IUM,  same  etymon.  A  circular 
■  or  annular  spot  of  inflammation  of  the  corium, 
encircled  by  a  red  ring  or  zone,  within  which 
suppuration  takes  place.  The  genuine  small-pox 
pustule,  and  that  produced  by  the  application  of 
tartar  emetic  ointment,  are  examples  of  it. 

PHLYCTIS,  Phlycticna. 

PlILY'SIS,  (pXvati,  same  etymon.  A  cutaneous 
eruption.  An  ulcerative,  subcutaneous  tumour: 
flat,  tensive,  glabrous:  diffused,  hot,  throbbing; 
at  length  fluctuating,  with  an  acrid  ichor. — 
Good. 

Pni.YSis,  Phlyeticna  —  p.  Ecthyma,  Ecthyma 
—  p.  Impetigo,  Impetigo — p.  Porrigo,  Porrigo  — 
p.  Scabies.  Psora. 

PIILYZACIA,  Ecthyma. 

PHLYZACION,  Phlvctsena. 

PHOBODIPSON,  Hydrophobia. 

PHOCOM'ELUS,  from  ^o^kh,  'a  seal,'  and 
lirXof,  'a  limb.'  A  monster,  in  which  the  limbs 
are  shortened;  the  hands  and  feet  .appearing  to 
exist  alone,  and  to  be  inserted  immediately  on 
the  trunk,  as  in  the  seals  and  the  herbivorous 
cetacea.  —  I.  G.  St.  Ililaire. 

PIIfENICINE,  ira>matin. 

PlKENICrSMUS,  Rubeola. 

PIKENIGMUS,  Phenigmus  — p.  Petechialis, 
Purpura  simplex. 

PHffiNIX  DACTYLIFERA,  Date  tree  —  p. 
Excelsa,  Date  tree. 

PHCENODINE,  IliBmatin! 

PIIONA'TION,  Phoiia'tio,  from  tpotvr,,  'voice.' 
The  physiology  of  the  voice. 

PHONE,  Voice. 

PHO'NTCA,  (txavtKa,  from  (fxavrj,  'voice.'  The 
first  order  of  the  class  Pneitmntica,  in  Good's 
Nosology.  Defined  :  diseases  aff'ecting  the  vocal 
avenues:  —  the  passage  of  the  voice  impeded,  or 
its  power  sujipressed  or  depraved. 

PFIONON'OSI,  Phoiionu'^i,  from  <pwvr,'  'the 
Voice,'  and  voixoi,  'a  disease.'  PhoiwjMithi'cB, 
Jfiivhi  riicin.     Diseases  of  the  voice. 

PlIONAPATHI^E,  Phononosi. 

PIIORA.  Gestation. 

PIIOKHE.  Pabulum. 

PHOUONOM'IA,  from  (f.tnw,  'T  move,'  and 
f'l/ioj.  'Iinv.'     The  doctrine  of  muscular  motion. 

PHOROUS,  from  /rwa.  '  I  carry.'  A  suflix  de- 
noting conveyance.    Hence,  Ga\actophorr>un,  Ac. 

PlioS.  T,ight. 

PlIOSPHAS,  Phonphnte.  A  salt  formed  by 
tlie  union  of  j>hosphoric  acid  with  a  salifiable 
base. 


PirospHAS  CALCicrjf  Stibiattm,  Antimonial 
powder  —  p.  Calcis  stibiatus,  Antimonial  powder 
— p.  Nntricum,  Soda,  phosphate  of. 

PHOSPHATE.  Phosphas. 

PHOSPHAT'IC,  Phoxphat'!cHs.  from  Phospho- 
run.  Relating  to  the  photiphates :  hence  the 
Phosphdt'ic  Dialh'exin  is  the  habit  of  body  which 
favours  the  deposition  of  the  phosphates  from  the 
urine. 

PHOSPHENE,  see  Photopsia. 

PHOSPHORIJ,  Pliosphorus. 

PHOSPHOR^XESES.  M.  Banmes  unites, 
ujider  this  generic  name,  diseases  which  he  attri- 
butes to  disordered  phospliorization  ;  i.  e.  to  ex- 
cess or  deficiency  of  calcareous  phosphates  or  its 
decomposition.  Amongst  these  affections  be 
ranks  rachitis,  osteo-malacia,  and  gout. 

PHOSPHORES'CENCE,  Pho.phoreseen'tio, 
Lnhiinon'itij  ;  from  phoKpharnn.  The  properties 
possessed  by  certain  bodies  of  being  luminous  in 
obscurity,  or  under  particular  circumstances. 
This  phosphorescence  has  been  occasionally  wit- 
nessed in  man,  when  suffering  from  some  wasting 
disease,  and  near  death. 

PHOSPHORIC  ACID,  Ac"i(}„m  phoxphor'- 
iciiiii,  (F.)  Acide  j^honphorir/ue.  Same  etymon.  A 
solid,  colourless  compound:  highly  sapid;  very 
soluble  in  water,  and  vitrifiable  by  fire.  It  exists 
in  bones  combined  with  lime.  It  has  been  em- 
ployed in  medicine  in  the  form  of  lemonade,  in 
passive  hemorrhage,  typhus,  phthisis,  marasmus, 
Ac,  and  in  injection  in  cases  of  cancer  of  the 
uterus.  It  does  not  seem  preferable  to  other 
acids.  An  Acid'trm  phonphor' icutn  diln'tum  is  offi- 
cinal in  the  London  (jharniacopoeia. 

PHOSPHORNErROSTS,  see  Phosphorus. 

PHOSPHORURIA,  Urine,  phosphorescent. 

PHOS'PHORUS,  Phof'phonrm,  A>,tophox'pho- 
ri(«,  Ii/iiis  jihildiinph'iciis.  Lumen  cniiHtiniR,  from 
(^uf,  'light,'  and  wptii,  'I  carry.'  (F.)  Phoophoie. 
'A  light  carrier.'  An  elementary  or  undecom- 
posed  substance:  not  metallic;  solid:  transparent 
or  semitransparent:  colourless:  brilliant ;  flexible; 
of  a  sensible  garlic  odour;  very  inflammable, 
and  susceptil)le  of  combining  with  the  oxygen 
of  the  atmosphere,  at  even  the  ordinary  temjiera- 
ture.  It  does  not  exist  pure  in  nature,  but  is 
found  frequently  united  to  other  bodies.  Its 
fumes  in  the  manufacture  of  lucifer  and  Congreve 
matches  have  caused,  it  is  said,  necrosis  of  the 
lower  jaw — Phosphoniecrn'nin,  phrinphorus  jaw 
dixense,  Litctfer-mntch-makcfn'  Disease. 

Phosphorus  has  been  used  in  medicine,  dis- 
solved in  elher  or  suspended  in  the  yolk  of  e<:cr^ 
as  a  stimulant  :  but  the  greatest  precautions  are 
necessary  in  its  adminittration :  hence  it  is  rarely 
employed. 

Phosphori'S  .Taw  Diskask,  see  Phosphorus. 

PHOSPHURIA,  Urine,  phosphorescent.  See 
Urine. 

PirOTOCAMPSrS.  Refraction. 

PHOTOMA'NIA.  from  <t,io;.  c^urof.  'light,'  and 
mnntn.     Insane  delirium  induced  by  light. 

PHOTOPHO'BIA,  from  (/;wf,  ^wrij.  'light,' and 
(.hoPof,  'fear.'  Aversion  to  light: — intolerance  of 
light.     Nyctalopia. 

PHOTOPHOBirUS,  Lncifugus. 

PHOTOPHOBOPHTHALMIA,  Nyctalopia. 

PHOTOPHOBrS.  Lucifu-os. 

PlIOTOP'SIA,  Vhiii  hi'cdiix.  from  i!>u>i.  (j>u,TOi, 
•li;:ht,'  a|id  u^,  'the  eye.'  A  false  perception 
of  light,  as  of  sparks,  flashes  of  fire,  Ac,  occa- 
sioned by  certain  conditions  of  the  retina  and 
brain,  and  by  pressure  on  the  eveball.  When 
pressure  does  not  induce  the  luminous  appear- 
ance, (F.)  Phonph^tie,  the  existence  of  amaurosis 
may  be  inferred.     See  Metamorphopsia. 


PIIOTURIA 


708 


niTUISIS 


PIIOTU'IIIA,  from  0u>s,  (^a)^os,  'light,'  and 
oupoi'.  '  urine.'    A  luminous  condition  of  tlie  urine. 

PHRA(}MOS,  ^paynoi,  '  a  fence,'  from  tfipacrau), 
'I  eiu-lose.'     A  row  of  teeth. 

PIIRASIS,  Voice,  articulated. 

PIIllASUM,  Marrubium. 

PIIREN,  fi>nv,  '  the  mind.'  Also,  the  dia- 
phragm and  scrotiiculus  cordis. 

PIIRENAUX'E,  Hijpcriroph'ia  cer'ebri,  from 
(ppri")  'the  mind,  the  organ  of  mind,'  and  av^rj, 
'increase.'     Hypertrophy  of  the  brain. 

PIIRENATROPH'IA,  ^^co^jA'i'a  cer'ehri,  from 
•/'pj/v,  'the  mind,  the  organ  of  mind,'  a,  priv., 
and  Tpoipii,  'nourishment.'  Wasting  or  atrophy 
of  the  brain. 

PHRENES.  Diaphragm. 

PHRE\ESIA.  Phrcnitis. 

PHRENESIE.  Piirenitis. 

PHRENESrS,  Delirium,  Phrenitis. 

PHRENETIASIS,  Delirium,  Phrenitis. 

PHKENETISMUS,  Phrenitis. 

PHRENIC,  Diaphragmatic. 

PHRE'NICA,  from  <ppiiv,  'the  mind.'  Diseases 
a.ffecting  the  intellect;  characterized  by  error, 
perversion,  or  debility  of  one  or  more  of  the  men- 
tal faculties,  (Phreixipathi'a.)  The  first  order  of 
the  class  Neurotica  of  Good.  Also,  remedies  that 
affect  the  mental  faculties  —  Phren'ics. — Pereira. 

PHRENICS,  see  Phrenica. 

PHRENICULA  HYDROCEPHALICA,  Hy- 
drocephalus internus. 

PHRENISMUS,  Phrenitis. 

PHRENPTIS,  P/ireii'eKh,  PJireiic'si'r,,  Plire- 
tieti'anin,  Phreiiin'niitK,  Plirrtictix' mint,  Ccphiili'tia, 
EiicephitWtis,  Cerebri'tix,  Ci-phdnVrjin  iiiflavnna- 
to'rid,  Knrabitiis  (Arab.),  Sihore,  Spliacelin' iniiH 
cer'ebn,  Einpren'iiiK  cephaH'tiH,  Siri'asis,  Seiri'- 
08111,  Sidera'tin,  Tiijhiniiiiii'tio  seu  Canma  plirciii'- 
tia,  Plirenxi/,  Deliiimn,  Bniiii  FfPer,  (F.)  PhrSiie- 
eie,  Cerebn'te,  Iiiflanimiitioii  dn  cerveati  et  dii. 
cervelet,  from  ^piji',  'the  mind,'  ,n.nd  itia,  denoting 
inflammation.  A  disease  characterized  by  violent 
pyrexia,  pain  in  the  head,  redness  of  the  face  and 
eyes,  intolerance  of  light  and  sound,  watchful- 
ness, and  delirium,  either  furious  or  muttering. 
Its  causes  are  the  same  as  those  of  other  inflam- 
mations :  sometimes,  however,  it  is  induced  by  a 
Coup  de  Kolcil ;  by  inebriation  ;  violent  mental 
emotions,  <fec.  Some  authors  liave  given  the  name 
Phreiiit)>i  and  Meiiivrp'tia  to  inflammation  of  the 
membranes  of  the  brain;  and  that  of  Cephalitis, 
Eiicpphalitin,  or  Ccrebritis  to  inflammation  of  the 
substance  of  the  brain  ;  but  there  are  no  pathog- 
nomic symptoms,  which  can  lead  us  to  refer  the 
seat  of  the  disease  to  either  of  those  parts  exclu- 
sively. Phrenitis  is,  of  course,  a  very  dangerous 
affection,  from  the  importance  of  the  organ  con- 
cerned. The  most  active  treatment  must  neces- 
sarily be  pursued.  Repeated  bleeding:  purging; 
the  application  of  ice  to  the  shaved  head;  a  po- 
sition in  which  the  head  is  raised :  and  the  avoid- 
ing of  irritation  of  every  kind  ; — firm  the  reme- 
dial means  during  the  violent  stage.  After  this 
has  yielded,  counter-irritants  to  ttie  nape  of  the 
neck  or  to  other  parts  of  the  body  will  be  useful 
adjuvants.  When  the  brain  and  meninges  were 
affected  only  symptomatically,  as  in  inflammation 
of  the  diaphragm,  the  disease  was  formerly  called 
Paraphreiiitin. 

Hijdrocephahis  ncvfiis  is  a  variety  of  phrenitis. 

Phrknitis  Calentura,  Covp-de-xnleil — p.  La- 
trans,  Hydrophobia — p.  Potatorum,  Delirium  tre- 
mens— p.  Verminosa,  Vercoquin. 

PHRENO-GLOTTLSM,  Asthma  thymicum. 

PHRENOLOGY,  Cmniologv. 

PHRENO-MAG'NETLSM,PArf»o-?w^«'wfn«m, 
Men'mern-phrenid'ogxi.  A  term  applied  to  the  con- 
dition of  a  mesmerized  person,  in  which,  when 
any  cerebral  or  phrenological  organ — so  called — 


is  touched,  the  functions  of  the  organ  are  mani- 
fested. It  has  been  established,  tliat  no  such 
phenomena  can  be  elicited  in  children,  or  in 
those  who  have  never  seen  a  phrenological  cast 
or  picture. 

PHRENOPARALYSIS,  see  Paralysis. 

PHRENOPATHIA,  see  Phrenica. 

PnuKNOPATHi'A  .i^h'iiE'RKA.  The  nggrogale 
of  encephalic  phenomena  induced  by  the  inhala- 
tion of  etlier. 

PHRENSY,  Phrenitis. 

PJI RICASMUS,  Horripilation. 

PHRICE,  Horripilation. 

PHRICIA,  Horripilation. 

PIIRICIASIS,  Horripilation. 

PHRICO'DES  (FEimiS.)  from  <j,,nKri,  'ashi- 
vering;'  Hon-i/'ica.  A  fever  in  which  the  chill 
is  verv  intense  and  yirolongcd. 

PHRYAGMA,  Shuddering. 

PHRYCTE.  Colopbonia. 

PHRYG"IUS  (LAPIS).  An  earthy  matter, 
found  in  Phrygia  and  Cappadocia,  and  foniierly 
employed  as  an  astringent.  —  (ilorrosus. 

PHTIIARMA  CALIGO.  Caligo— p.  Cataracta, 
Cataract  —  p.  Glaucoma,  Glaucoma. 

PHTHEIR,  Pediculus. 

PHTHEIRE'MIA,  from  (pOcpfo,  'I  corrupt,' 
and  'aipa.  'blood.'  A  state  in  which  the  plastic 
powers  of  the  blood  are  deteriorated. 

PIITIIEIRI'ASIS,P////u>/'««M,05£ipia<rif,from 
<p&ctp,  'a.  louse;'  Jlloyhnu  pedicnli/'mis  seu  pedicii- 
la'ris,  Pntri'go  pedicida'ris,  Pedieiila'tio,  Mnlix 
J'jedic'idi,  Peta'le,  Lousinesi,  Lmisy  iliseane,  (F.) 
Midadie  pediculaire,  Phthiriaxe.  A  disease 
which  consists  in  the  excessive  multiplication  of 
lice  on  the  human  body,  under  conditions  in 
which  it  does  not  ordinarily  take  place,  and  in 
spite  of  cleanliness.  It  has  been  asserted  that 
the  affection  has  often  caused  death.  Sinijile  and 
medicated  baths  have  been  recommended  for  its 
removal  ;  lotions  of  the  decoction  or  infusion  of 
tobacco  and  stavesacre,  mercurial  frictions,  Ac. 

PHTHEIRITIM,  Delphinium  staphi.-agria. 

PHTHEIROCTONUM,  Delpliinium  staplii- 
sagria. 

PHTHINAS,  Phthisis. 

PHTIIINODES,  Phtlii.«icus. 

PIITHrniA SE,  Phthciriasis. 

PHTHIRIASIS,  Miilis,  Phthciriasis. 

PHTHIRIUM  SCABIEL  see  Psora. 

PHTIIIRIUS,  Antiparasitic— p.  Inguinalis, 
see  Pedii-ulus. 

PHTHIROCTONUS,  Abortive. 

PHTHIROPORON,  Autumn. 

PHTHISES:  same  etymon  ns  Phthisi.=.  In 
the  classification  of  Fuchs,  diseases  attended 
with  ulceration,  hectic  fever,  and  emaciation. 

PHTHISIC,  Phthisis.  Also,  a  slight  tickling 
cough,  (Prov.)   'J'iHsirh. 

PHTHISICAL,  Phthisicns. 

PHTHIS'ICUS,  Phthino'dex,  Phthix'ienl,  Tlx'- 
ical,  (F.)  Phthinique,  Poitrinaire  ;  same  etymcjH 
as  phthisis.  Belonging  to  phthisis.  Also,  one 
labouring  under  phthisis,  or  who  is  roiimimpiire. 

PHTHISTE,  Phthisis  pulmnnalis— ;>.  Mgnf, 
Consumption,  galloping — p.  6'a/i-"/p»sc,  Calculi, 
pulmonary,  see  Lithiasis  pulmonum — p.  Carcino- 
mntenne,  Phthisis,  cancerous — p.  Gidnpnnte,  Con- 
sumption, galloping  —  p.  (ii)ee  Melanime,  Anthra- 
cosis  pulmonum — p.  Mesenterirjne,  Tabes  mesen- 
terica — ;;.  Trach^ah,  see  Phthisis  laryngea  — ;). 
Tidiereidinne,  Phthisis  pulmonalis. 

PHTHISIOL'OGY,  PIiiliii,ia/oi,"ia,  from  <p5'.:.;, 
and  \oyng.     A  treatise  on  phthisis. 

PHTHISIORIS,  Tubercular  consumption. 

PHTHISI- PNEUMONIA,  Phthisis  pulmo- 
nalis. 

PNTHISIQUE,  Phthisicns. 

PHTHISIS,    Phthoe,  Phthinas,    Tale«,    Te'ce- 


PHTHISIS 


709 


PHTHISIS 


rfoM,  Coii'iimfjlwii,  D'diiie,  Phthii'i'c,  Tis'ic,  from 
09iu),  '  I  wiistu  awny,  I  Jecfiy.'  This  word,  tiiken 
in  a  ijotienil  sense,  iiieiitis  progressive  emaciation 
of  every  part  of  the  body.  It  is  usually,  how- 
ever. re.«trietod  to  phthisis  pulraonalis. 

Phthisis  Acuta,  Consumption,  galloping  —  p. 
IJ):ii-k,  .-ee  Anthnicosis. 

Phthisis,  BitoN'ciiiAti,  Phthisia  bronchin'h'n. 
Phthisis  occasioned  by  the  pressure  of  enlarged 
tulii-rciilous  bronchial  pliinds,  which,  not  unfre- 
quenlly,  cipinmunicate  with  caverns  in  the  lungs, 
or  «irh  the  bronchia. 

J'liTiiisis  Caloiii.osa,  Lithiasis  pulmonum. 

Phthisis.  Can'ckroi'S,  Scirrhus,  Curcinnma  et 
Piitii/iis  I'lihiio'tiiiiH,  Med'iillari/  or  Eiiceph'aloi'd 
Tii'imnr  nf  the  Liiiiij,  (F. )  Unnrer  dii  Pomiion. 
Cancer  of  the  lung,  which  gives  rise  to  carci- 
nomatous phthisis,  (F.)  Phlhiaie  earcinomateuse, 
of  Bayle. 

Phthisis  Consummata,  see  Ph.  pulmonalis — p. 
Dorsalis,  Tabes  Dorsalis  —  p.  Dyspeptic,  see 
Phthisis  —  p.  Exiilcerata,  Ph.  pulinonnlis  —  p. 
Hcpatica,  Hopato-phthisis  —  p.  Ischiadica,  Is- 
chio-|)lithisis. 

Phthisis  liAiiysr.R'A,  Chrouic  Larynrji'tis,  Lrt- 
ri/iii/l'tin  et  Trnchei'tiH  cliron'icfi,  Tidierciilo'Dln 
I'iri/ii'yis  el  trnrhe'(g,  L/tri/)t't/o-et-  TrnchcophthiHiv, 
/yiiryiii/ophthiHin,  Ul'eern  seu  ffe/ri>'m's  Laryntfig, 
(F.)  Phlhisle  laryiiff^e,  (There  da  larynx,  Lnryn- 
ijite  nrec  H^cr^tion  de  Pun,  is  a  species  of  con- 
."Uinption  analogous  to  phthisis  pulmonalis,  pro- 
duced by  inflammation  and  ulceration  of  the  in- 
t.^rior  of  the  larynx,  and  sometimes  by  caries  of 
the  curtilages.  Phthinis  trnchefi'lU,  Trachco- 
plilhi'm'ii,  (F.)  Phlhim'e  tr<u-he(ile,  is  a  similar  affec- 
tion, seated  in  the  trachea.  Chronic  inflammation 
of  the  larynx  and  trachea  may  exist,  however, 
withiiut  tubercles  or  phthisis. 

Phthisis  Mkskiiaica,  Tabes  mesentcrica  —  p. 
Nodosa,  Ph.  pulmonalis  —  p.  Mucosa,  see  Brnn- 
chorrhnea  —  p.  Notias,  Tabes  dorsalis  —  p.  Pitui- 
to?a.  see  Brnnchorrhcea. 

Phthisis  Pulmona'lts,  Ph.  pnlmo'iium  seu 
puliiii>iiit'rin  seu  nodo'fin  pitlmonn'Hs  vera  seu 
tidtemih)' Kfi  sen  arrnphido'na  seu  tiiherciilo-iilce- 
rn'tn  seu  pitrideii'tti  exnlrern'ta  seu  extdcera'ta, 
MarnH'mua  seu  Ifec'tica  seu  f/iEmop'tynis  phtliiHi's, 
PaHain  vomifof'liia,  Phthi'ai-pueiimo'in'n,  Tithea 
pidmnnd'lia  seu  piilnii/niim,  U/ciia  pnlmoniim,  Hel- 
cii'fia  puJniniin'Ua,  Piieioiioiiophthl'ai's,  Piieiimo- 
voph'thne,  PncHinop'thiie,  PiiliiKi'iiia.  Tidjerciiln'- 
si'a  Pidiiiri'uiim,  GDnijrnphlhi'aia,  Jforbiia  Aiii/'licita, 
Tiihemiloiia  di'senae  of  the  Ittiigi',  Pidmoiinri/  rnn- 
aiinipti'oii,  CiDiaiimpti'oi),  Decline,  Phlhiaie,  Tiaic, 
(So.)  TenaicL;  (F.)  Phlhiaie,  P.  pidmotinire  seu 
tidjereideiiae,  Crnehement  de  piia,  Ofcnsionally, 
this  formidable  disease  occurs  accidentally:  but, 
usually,  it  is  caused  by  a  conforniatiim  obtained 
from  progenitors.  This,  at  least,  predisposes  to 
it;  and  but  a  slight  exciting  cause  may  be  re- 
<|iiircd  to  rouse  the  predisposition  into  action.  It 
is  less  a  disease  of  the  torrid  zone  ;  and  in  the 
temperate  regions  of  the  globe,  its  pathology  is 
often  intimately  allied  with  that  of  scrofula.  It 
consists  in  the  formation  of  tubercles  in  the 
lungs,  which  sooner  or  later  inflame  and  break 
down.  In  such  a  constitution,  ulcerations  of 
the  lungs  do  not  readily  heal ;  and  hectic  fever 
—  the  universal  attendant  upon  irritability  and 
debility  —  is  established.  This  persists,  and 
{rradually  wears  down  the  patient,  till  he  ulti- 
mately expires,  exhausted  by  the  irritative 
fever.  The  chief  symptoms  are  the  following. 
The  patient  feels  a  sense  of  uneasiness  in  the 
chest,  with  severe  fits  of  coughing,  or  a  short 
and  dry  cough  with  dyspnoea.  This  may  be 
Considered  the  incipient  stage.  The  cough  then 
becomes  extremely  troublesome,  especially  in 
the  morning ;  and  dyspnoea  is  increased  on  the 


slightest  exertion.  The  expectoration  is  evidently- 
purulent,  with  fever  in  the  evening,  .itid  cireum- 
scribed  redness  of  the  cheeks;  wasting  and  col- 
liquative sweats  early  in  the  morning.  This  must 
be  considered  the  confirmed  stage, — Pht/iiais  con- 
sumnia'ta,  Piieumophlhi'aia.  In  the  third,  or  last 
stage,  the  hectic  is  constant,  with  small  pulse, 
pungent  heat,  colliquative  sweats,  and  diarrhoea. 
The  weakness  becomes  extreme,  and  the  jiatient 
exhausted.  Phyaical  Si(/na.  —  1.  In  the  first 
stage,  whilst  there  are  yet  scattered  miliary  tu- 
bercles,— the  only  appreciable  change  at  the  ex- 
terior of  the  chest,  and  this  is  not  constant,  is  a 
want  of  freedom  in  the  movements  under  one  or 
both  clavicles.  Percussion  will  generally  disco- 
ver a  slight  diminution  of  sound  corresjionding 
to  the  summit  of  one  lung.  In  the  same  situa- 
tion, auscultation  shows  that  the  inspiratory  mur- 
mur is  either  weaker,  rougher,  or  confused.  The 
sound  of  expiration  is  more  distinct.  The  voice 
and  cough  are  rather  more  resonant,  and  wheez- 
ing or  mucous  rd/ea  arc  occasionally  heard  in  the 
same  region.  2.  When  the  tubercular  deposition 
has  become  more  abundant,  the  motion  of  the 
chest  is  more  markedly  diminished  under  one  or 
both  clavicles.  The  loss  of  sound  on  percussion 
is  more  distinct,  the  inspiration,  on  auscultation, 
is  bronchial,  the  expiration  louder  and  more  su- 
perficial, and  the  resonance  of  the  voice  and 
cough  is  increased.  The  rest  of  the  lung  is  per- 
haps healthy,  or  the  respiration  may  be  peurile. 
.3.  When  the  tubercles  are  undergoing  softening, 
— in  addition  to  the  preceding  signs,  auscultation 
exhibits  a  suhcrcpitant  rale  around  the  apex  of 
the  lung,  decreasing  from  above  downwards.  It 
is  most  distinct  during  or  after  the  cough,  and  at 
the  close  of  a  deep  inspiration.  As  the  disease 
proceeds,  the  bubbling  becomes  successively 
larger,  and  ultimately  Cf"rrjniiilletiieiit  is  heard. 
The  inspiration  and  expiration  arc  cavernous  or 
tracheal.  The  voice  and  cough  indicate  unusual 
resonance  and  pectoriloquy.  The  intercostal 
spaces  are  often  depressed  locally,  and  percussion 
may  become  gradually  clearer  and  even  tympa- 
nitic as  the  cavern  increases. 

It  is  only  in  the  incipient  state  of  this  formi- 
dable disease,  that  advantage  can  be  expected 
from  any  plan  of  treatment;  and  of  all  means 
that  can  be  devised,  that  of  removing  to  a  climate 
in  which  air  and  exercise  can  be  daily  enjoyed 
during  the  autumnal,  winter,  and  spring  months 
is  the  best.  See  Climate.  If  this  be  iinpraeti- 
eablo,  the  patient  must  be  kept  in  a  regulated 
temperature,  taking  care  that  the  chamber  is 
duly  ventilated  :  and  gestation  in  the  open  air  be 
used,  whenever  the  atmosphere,  although  cold,  is 
dry.  The  other  indications  will  be  :  1.  To  mode- 
rate inflammatory  action  :  2.  To  support  the 
strength ;  and.  .3.  To  palliate  urgent  symptoms. 
The  whole  treatment  indeed  is  palliative.  Coun- 
ter-irritants relieve  pain  :  demulcents  and  mild 
opiates  alleviate  the  cough  :  the  mineral  acids, 
united  with  opium,  relieve  the  colliquative  sweats  : 
and  chalk  and  opium  the  diarrhoea. 

Dr.  Wilson  Philip  has  pointed  out  a  particular 
species  of  phthisis,  which  is  characterized,  in  the 
early  stage,  by  a  deranged  state  of  the  digestive 
organs;  flatulent,  irregular  bowels;  furred  tongue; 
impaired  appetite;  unnatural  fsrces  ;  and  the  epi- 
gastric region  more  or  less  full  and  tender  on 
pressure.  The  affection  of  the  lungs  is  here 
secondary.     He  calls  it  Dyipeptic  phlhiain. 

Phthisis  Pulmonalis  Purulrnta  Exulce- 
uata.  Phthisis  pulmonalis  —  p.  Pulmonalis  scro- 
fulosa.  Phthisis  pulmonalis  —  p.  Pulmonalis  tu- 
berculosa. Phthisis  pulmonalis  —  p.  Pulmonalis 
tuberculosa- ulcerata.  Phthisis  pulmonalis — p. 
Pulmonalis  vera.  Phthisis  pulmonalis — p.  Pupil- 
Ise,  Synezisis — p.  Pupillaris,  Myosis — p.  Scrophu- 


PIITIIISURIA 


10 


PHYSIOLOGICAL 


]o?a.  Phthisis  pulinonalis  —  p.  Sicca,  Tahcs  dor- 
Falis  —  p.  Tuberculosa,  Phthisis  pulmonalis  —  p. 
ITtoiiua,  Metrophthisis  —  p.  Vesicalis,  Cysto- 
phthisis. 

Phthisis  TVkei),  Ludwigia  palustris. 
PUTIITSURIA.  Diabetes. 
PIITHISURIE,  Diabetes— p.  Sucr^e,  Diabetes 
mellitus. 

PHTHOR.  Phthisis. 
PIITIIorS.  Pastil,  Troebisens. 
PHTIIOISCOS,  Pastil.  Trochiscus. 
PHTIIONGODYSPIIORIA,  Hyperaeusis. 
PIITIIORA,  Abortion,  Corruption,  Plague. 
PHTHORIUS,  Abortive. 
PHTHOROCTONUS.  Abortive. 
PIIUCAGROSTIS  MINOR,  Pila  marina. 
PHUSCA.  Oxvcrate. 
PHYGANTHilOPIA,  Misanthropia. 
PHYGETH'LOX.  Pnnns,  Pfii/peJIa,  from  0«a), 
'I    grow,'    [?].     Inflammation    of  the    superficial 
lymphatic  glands,  not  ending  in  suppuration. 
PHYLACTERTON,  Amuletum. 
PHYLACTE'RIUM,  (pv\a<T7,piov,  from  <^v\aaaw, 
•I    preserve.'     A     Phijlac'tery,    (F.)    Phylactere. 
An  amulet :  —  a  prophylactic. 
PHYLAXIS.  Conservation. 
PHYLLAN'THUS    URINA'RIA,  Bhd-ohum. 
ba.     Ord.  EupborbiaceiB.     A  plant  employed  in 
Ceylon,  in  decoction,  as  a  diuretic. 

iPIIYLLITIS,  Asplenium  scolopendriura  —  p. 
Muraria,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria  —  p.  Rotundi- 
folia.  Asplenium  trichomannides. 

PHYMA.  Phima,  from  0uw,  'I  grow.'  AVith 
the  ancients,  this  word  was  used  with  great  lati- 
tude:  sometimes,  in  the  sense  of  phlegmon,  for 
tumours  larger  than  a  boil,  and  perfectly  suppu- 
rative. In  the  nosology  of  Sauvages,  Plnjmnta 
is  an  order  of  diseases,  to  which  he  refers  erysi- 
pelas, oedema,  phlegmon,  emphysema,  scirrhus, 
&o.  In  that  of  Dr.  Good  it  is  a  genus,  including 
hordeolum,  furunculus,  sycosis,  and  anthrax. 

Phyma  Anthrax,  Anthrax  —  p.  Anthrax  ter- 
minthus,  Terniinthus  —  p.  Sycosis,  Sycosis. 

PHY'MATOID,  Pln/iiiafr'n'des,  (F.)  Phymn- 
toicle,  from  •pv/xa,  'a  tubercle,'  and  eiliog,  'resem- 
blance.' A  state  of  cancerous  tissue,  in  which 
the  dull  yellow  hue  and  the  consistence  resemble 
those  of  tubercle.  —  Lebert. 

PHYMATO'SES,  from  0u//a,  'a  hard  tumour.' 
Tuberculous  diseases.  —  Fuchs. 

PHYMATOSrS,  Excrescence— p.  Cerebri,  En- 
cephalophyraata  —  p.  Elephantiasis,  Elephantia- 
sis—  p.  Lupus,  Lupus  —  p.  Verrucosa,  Verruca. 
PHYMOSrS,  Phimosis. 
PHYPELLA.  Phygothlon. 
PHYSA.  Crepitation. 
PHYSAGOGA,  Carminatives. 
PHY'SALIS,  from  ^no-a,  '  a  bladder,'  referring 
to  the  inflated  calyx,  P.  AllteJren'gi  seu  halicnc'- 
ahiim,  S'>!ri'ni(ni  veiica'rhim,   Alrhachen'tfe,  AUce- 
ken'i/i,  Hdllcne'nbniii.    Winter   Cherry,  (F.)  Alke- 
keiif/e,    Ooqiieret.      Ord.     Solanaeeie.      Sex.    Synf. 
Pentandria  Monogynia.     The  berries  are  recom- 
mended as  a  diuretic,  from  6  to  12  for  a  dose,  in 
dropsical  and  calculous  cases.     It  has   been  af- 
firmed, that  the  whole  plant — twigs,  leaves,  cap- 
sules and  berries — possesses  the  .antiperiodic  vir- 
tues of  Cinchona. 

Physalis  Alkekrnoi,  Physalis  —  p.  Halicaca- 
bum.  Physalis — p.  Obseura,  Ph.viscosa — p.  Penn- 
sylvanica.  Ph.  viscosa — p.  Pubescens,  Ph.  viscosa 
— p.  Stramonium,  Anisodus  luridus. 

Physalis  Visco'sA.P.oisnf'ra  seu  Pennnyfvon'- 
iea   seu  pithes'i-enD,   Ground  cherry  ;  indi<?enous. 
The  berries  are  said  to  be  diuretic  and  sedative. 
PHYSCE,  Abdomen,  Colon. 
PHYSCIA  ISLANDICA,  Lichen  Islandica  — 
p.  Nivalis.  Lichen  caninus. 

PIIYSCO'NIA,    from    ipvaKojv,    'the    paunch.' 


Ve)ifros'ilns,  Ecjtliy'ma  phyico'nt'a,  TTypnuar'rn, 
Emphrac'licn,  ViHCd'nin,  Hypemnrrhid'ion,  Pot- 
belly, P<  iididiDis  ahdn'men,  Swaiihelly,  Gorbilly, 
(Prov.)  Gotehbelly,  Pedbelly.  A  generic  ti'rin, 
under  which  Saiivagos  has  comprised  every  largo 
tumour  developed  in  the  abdomen,  that  is  neillier 
fluctuating  nor  sonorous.  Linna-us  calls  it  Hy- 
posarca. 

PllVSCO'x.IA  AllIPO'SA,  Obcs'itnn  seu  P<)lynrir'r!a 
vis'eernm.     AccuinuJation  of  fat  in  the  intoslines, 
Physconia    Biliosa,    Turgescentia    vc.sieu!;o 
fvUea?. 

Physconia  Emphysemat'ica.  Accumuliitinn 
of  air  in  the  areolar  tissue,  or  between  the  coats 
of  particulii,r  viscera. 

Physconia  Lip;.n'is,  Splenoncns  —  p.  Mesentc- 
rica.  Tabes  mescntorica — p.  Splenica,  Ajrue  cake. 
Physconia  Stuumo'sa,  Scrof'ul'i  dhdomhut'llii 
inter'ua.     Tumid  abdomen  from  scrophulous  en- 
largement of  the  glands. 

J'NYSCONIE  JIESEiXr^RIQUE,  Tabes 
mesenterica. 

PHYSEMA,  Tympanites,  Physcsis. 
PHYSIC'S  IS,  /'hyuc'niri.  from  ipvaaoi,  'I  inflate.' 
An  oiniihyscmatoiis  tumour.     Tvnipiinites. 

PllYSETER  MACROCEPHALUS,  see  Ceta- 
ceum. 

PIIYSTATRICE,  Vis  mcdioatrix  natunc. 
PlIYSIAUTOCRATIA,    Vis    medicatri.t     na- 
ture. 

PHYSIC,  Medicament,  Mcdicina  —  p.  Indian, 
Euphorbia  corollata,  Gillenia  trifoliata — p.  Root, 
Leptandra  purpurea. 
PHYSICAL,  Medical. 

PHYSICIAN,  3fed'iciis,  Tfttrns,  Aren'tnr, 
Aces'ter,  A/theiis,  Flaiwi',  PcBoii,  (Old  Eng.)  Feaii'- 
ian,  Ficieion.  Leche,  Leech,  from  (pvais,  '  nature.' 
(F.)  Medecin,  Docleur.  One  who  has  received 
his  degree  from  an  incorporated  Institution,  as 
Doctor  of  Medicine.  The  French  formerly  used 
the  word  physiciett  in  the  same  sense.  It  is  now 
appropriated  by  them  to  the  natural  philosopher. 
Phymcint  has  the  same  signification. 

Physician,  Family.  One  regarded  as  the 
regular  attendant  on  a  family. 

Physician,  LEAUNun,  latrosophista — p.  Prac- 
tical, latrotechna  —  p.  Priest,  see  Asclepiada;. 
PHYSTCIEN,  Physician. 
PHYSICIST,  see  Physician. 
PHYSICS,   MED'ICAL,  Intmphju'ico.     Phy- 
sics directly  applied  to  medicine,  —  either  to  the 
explanation  of  the  vital  phenomena,  the  preserva- 
tion of  individuals,  or  the  treatment  of  disease. 

PHYSIOAUTOCRATIA,  Vis  medicatrix  na- 
turae. 

PHYSIOG'NOMIST,  Phygiogno'mon,  one  who 
busies  himself  especially  with,  or  pretends  to  be 
versed  in,  physiognomy. 

PIIYSIOG'NOMY,  (Old  Eng.)  Vii'iiomy.  Phy- 
siocpiom'ia,  Phyiio/jnom'icn,  Physingiiom'ice,  Phy- 
st'oiiom '  id,  Phynioi/nnmon  '  ia,  Physior/nnm  '  one, 
Phyniognomos'yne,  Phyniorpiomosia,  Anthrojm- 
nnnp'ifi,  Proeopommiti'a,  Proaojiohifyid,  Semiol'- 
ice  fd'ciei,  Phyniognonion'ica,  Phyaiognorn'ony, 
Metopns'copy,  Prosopo'iie,  from  i/mffif,  'nature,' 
and  yvuinri,  'knowledge.'  The  art  of  knowing  the 
dispositions  of  men  from  their  external  apponr- 
ance ;  especially  from  the  features.  Every  infe- 
rence of  this  kind  must  necessarily  be  extremely 
fallacious,  and  cannot  be  reduced  to  rule,  as  w.ns 
attempted  by  Lavater  and  others.  In  infantile 
diseases,  numerous  shades  of  expression  are  evi- 
dent, which  experience  teaches  how  to  appre- 
ciate :  and  which  afford  useful  guides  in  under- 
standing the  pathidogy  of  that  period  of  existence. 
PHYSIOLOGIA  PATHOGENETICA,  see  Pa- 
thotjenetic. 

PHYSIOLOG"ICAL,  Phy'>iohg"icui>,  (F.)  Phj. 
siologique.     Relating  or  belonging  to  physiology. 


PlIYSIOLOGICE 


711 


PICIIURIM   BEAXS 


Physiological  Anatomy,  see  Anatomy — p. 
Doctrine,  BrousHiiisiu. 

PIIYSIOLOIJICE,  Physiology. 

PIlY.SruL'OlJl.ST,  PhyxioVnyns.  Same  ety- 
mon as  the  next.  One  wlio  occupies  himself  spe- 
ciullv.  or  is  well  ac(|iiaintcil,  with  physiology. 

vhY>lOL'(){iY, /'liyxiol>,;j"i„,Ti;,d'»>,y,  i:i»n'- 
01)11/,  /lii't'icH,  ItiiiphcBiiometiDlntj" Id,  PIiijuIoIdii" - 
ice,  (Ei-oiioni'iii  (I III  mil' Us,  Aiiiitom' In  viva,  Aiint'- 
onie  iiiiiiiin'ta,  Altlhro/juloij" in,  MicriicoHiiitxjrn'- 
pliiii,  Micnx-iis' mica  Hcleii'tin,  U'l'jiiit" i<>  plii/nio- 
liii/"icii,  I'lim  iintiirit'lis  liieilici'iicB,  Pliilosiijj/i' itt 
cur'poiii  viui ;  from  ipvai;,  'nature/  and  Aoyoj,  'a 
description.'  Formerly,  Physiology  meant  the 
game  .as  Physics,  in  its  extensive  signification, 
now  does.  At  the  present  liay,  it  includes  the 
science  which  treats  of  the  functions  of  animals 
or  vegetables;  an  ae(|uaintance  with  the  pheno- 
mena the  aggregate  of  which  constitute  life.  It  is 
the  science  of  life.  It  is  divided  into  iiniiiud — Zo'ci- 
phiiniiilni/iit,  or  Zoobio/iir/''iii ;  and  veijitnhle  — 
Plii/tii/jlii/>iioloy"iii,  or  J'lijlobi()lii<j"i(i,  according 
as  it  considers  the  life  of  animals  or  of  vegetables 
singly.  Oiimpariitice  phi/xiolnyi/  comprises  both. 
Physiology  is,  also,  r/cneral  or  upecinl,  according 
as  it  treats  of  life  in  the  abstract  or  in  some  par- 
ticular species.  To  the  latter  belongs  tlie  /'/;//- 
eioli/ijy  (if  Miiii, — called  also,  Ihjijieiiii-  Phyiohxiy 
to  distinguish  it  from  Patlioluijicid  Phynioloyy  or 
Patho/iiiji/. 

Physiology,  PATHOGKynTic,  see  Pathogenetic. 

PIIYSIONOMIA,  Physiognomy. 

PHYSfOXO.lf/E-  EG  ARE  E,  see  Wild. 

PIIY.SIS.  Natura,  Se.K. 

PIIY'SOCE'LE,  Piicniiiatoce'le,  Hernia  vento'- 
tn  ;  Osclieoce'le  Jhiliden'ta,  Em  pin/ He'  ma  Scroti, 
from  ijivaau),  'I  insuiflate,'  and  Ki/Xiit  'a  tumour.' 
All  emphysematous  tumour  of  the  scrotum  ;  pro- 
bably a  case  of  intestinal  hernia,  containing  much 
flatus. 

PilYSOCEPirATiUS,  from  ipviraia,  'I  inflate,' 
and  A.-£0aX(;,  '  the  head.'  {F.)  Plii/wcepJiale.  Em- 
physeni.itous  tumefaction  of  the  head. 

PIIYSOCCELIA,  Tympanites. 

PHYSO'DES  ;  from  (puanit),  '  I  inflate,'  and  eiSoi, 
'resemblance.'  Full  of  air;  apparently  full  of 
air  —  applied  to  tumours,  &c. 

PIIYSOME'TRA,  Emphyse'ma  U'teri  sou  Vte- 
ri'nuin,  Hi/iteroph'yiie,  Jlynlerempliysc' ma,  Hija- 
tremplnjHe'mii,  Metreinpliyxe' mn,  Iiijla'lio  U'teri, 
Tyin'piiiiy  of  the  ]Vomb,  U'terine  tympniii'les, 
from  ifwaaio,  '  I  inflate,'  and  linrpa,  '  the  womb.' 
A  light,  tense,  circumscribed  protuberance  in  the 
hypogastrium,  obscurely  sonorous,  with  wind 
occasionally  discharged  through  the  os  uteri  with 
noise,  Ifi/xteropsopli'ia,  yEdoeopsoph' ia  uteri'iia. 

PHYSOX,  Flatulence. 

PIIY.SONCUS,  Emphysema. 

PIIYSOPSOPII'IA;  from  ipvoaot,  <1  inflate,' 
and  \J/o0oy,  '  a  noise.'  A  discharge  of  air  with 
noise. 

PHYSOSPASMUS,  Colica  flatulenta. 

PHYSOTIIORAX,  Pneumothorax. 

PIIYTEL'EPIIAS  MACllOCAR'PA,  from 
i^uTov,  'a  plant,' and  tXcifiui,  'an  elephant.'  A  tree 
of  South  America,  called,  by  Willdenow,  Ele- 
phnntii'nia,  the  dense  albumen  of  whose  unt, 
is  the  veijetidtle  ivory,  which  is  as  durable  and 
nearly  as  hard  as  the  ivory  of  the  elephant. 

PliYTrVOROUS.  Phvtophiigous. 

PHY  TOALOPHCIA,  Porrigo  decalvans. 

PllYT0!5I0riOi!lA.  see  Physiology. 

PHYTO-CIIY.MISTRY.  see  Chymistry. 

PHYfOLAC'C.V  DECAX'DRA,  P.  nulgnris, 
Poke  Weed,  Aiiier'icitii  iiii/lit  ulinde,  Cnncer  mot. 
Poke,  Shoke,  Jneato  Calleloe  [?],  J'dap,  Piijeon 
Bern/,  Jnlnj)  cancer  root,  Sola'niiui  rncemo'iium 
Amerieii'iiiiin  sen  mai/iiHin  Vin/inin'niim  riihriiin, 
Blitum  America' nuni,  Garijet,  (F.)  liaiiiin  d'Aini- 


rique,  Phi/tohtqne  d  dix  Stamines,  Morelle  en 
gra/ipen,  Jlechoacnu  dn  Canada.  Ord.  Cheno- 
podeaca9  ;  Sex.  Syit.  Decandria  Decagynia;  from 
ipvTov,  'a  plant,'  and  lacca  ;  because  the  colour 
of  the  juice  of  the  berries  resembles  that  of  lacca. 
The  leaves,  berries,  and  roots  are  employed.  The 
young  stems,  when  boiled,  are  sometimes  eaten 
at  table;  but  when  old,  they  must  be  cautiously 
used,  as  the  plant  is  emetic  and  cathartic.  It  is 
most  celebrated  as  a  remedy  in  chronic  rheuma- 
tism ;  and  is  given  in  the  form  of  tincture  of  the 
ripe  berries.  It  is,  also,  used  in  cutaneous  erup- 
tions ;  tinea  capitis,  itch,  cancerous  ulcers,  <fec. 

The  root  is  gathered  and  dried  in  the  fall. 

PIIYTOLAQUEA  DIX  EXAMINES,  Phy- 
tolacca decandra. 

PIIYTOLOGIA  MEDICA,  Botany,  medical. 

PHYTO-PARASITE,  Epiphyte. 

PlIYTOPH'AGOUS,  Phyto/ih'aijim  ;  Phijtiv'- 
orous,  Pliytiv'oriia ;  from  ipvTot',  'a  plant,'  ami 
(payu),  '  I  eat.'  Feeding  or  subsisting  on  vege- 
tables. 

PIIYTOPTIYSrOLOGIA,  see  Physiology. 

P1IYT0SPHRM'ATA,(F.)  Phytoxpermc'i, ;  from 
(fjVTov,  'a  plant,'  and  aztpim,  'sperm.'  Particles 
similar  to  the  sperinatozoids  of  animals,  observed 
in  vegetables,  and  i)resumed  to  possess  a  similar 
agency  in  reproduction. 

PlIYTOTO.^IY,  see  Anatomy,  (vegetable.) 

PilYTOZOOX,  Zoophyte. 

PL\  MATER,  Pia  sen  mollis  se\i  ten'iiis  Ma- 
ter, Pia  iiivninx,  Meniiix  inte'rior  seu  vasciilo'sa 
seu  choroi'des,  Inner  lam'inn  of  the  Meningine, 
(Ch.),  Jfeinbra'na  vasculo'sa  Cer'ebri,  M.  Cer'- 
ebri  teii'iiis  seu  mollis  seu  pro'pria,  (F.)  Pie 
mere,  Jfenini/ette.  The  pia  mater  is  a  very 
delicate  membrane,  which  covers  the  brain  im- 
mediately, penetrates  into  its  anfractuosities,  and 
envelops,  also,  the  cerebellum  and  the  spinal  pro- 
longation, &c.  Bichat  does  not  regard  it  as  a 
membrane,  properly  so  called,  but  as  a  net-work 
of  blood-vessels,  united  by  a  lax  areolar  tissue. 
The  Pia  Mater  exterior  is  the  portion  of  mem- 
brane which  covers  the  exterior  of  the  encepha- 
lon,  and  faces  the  arachnoid  externally.  The 
Pia  Mater  interior  is  that  which  lines  the  cere- 
bral fossiB,  into  which  it  penetrates  by  a  cleft 
situate  between  the  posterior  part  of  the  corpus 
callosum  and  the  fornix  ;  and  bj'  two  other  fis- 
sures, situate  between  the  corpora  fimbriata  and 
thalaiiii  nervorum  optieorum.  The  ]iia  mater 
contains  a  great  number  of  granulations  similar 
to  the  Glandid(B  Pacchioni. 

Pia  Matkr  Testis,  Tunica  vasculosa — p.  Me- 
ninx,  P.  Mater. 

PIAN,  Framboesia. 

PIAXS,  MOTHER  OF,  Mam.a-pian. 

PIAR,  Fat. 

PIARII.E'x\IIA,Pjan-7(£E'HnV(,  from  inap,  'fat, 
and  'ui/io,  'blood.'     Fat  in  the  blood.  —  Simon. 

PICA,  Malacia — p.  Africanorum,  Chthonopha- 
gia. 

PICAC,  Euphorbia  eorollata. 

PICACISM'US,  Pica'tio,  from  pix,  picis, 
'pitch.'  Depilation  by  means  of  a  pitch  plaster. 
Also.  Malacia. 

PIC  AT  10,  Malacia,  Picacismus. 

PICEA.  Pinus  abies. 

PICEROX.  Butter. 

PICllU'HIM  BEAXS.  The  seed,  Fahn  Piclm- 
rim,  F.  Peclin'rei,  Para  iiiit.  Sassafras  tint, 
Piixiri,  Bra^il'ian  nutmeg,  of  a  tree,  supposed  to 
be  Pcrse'a  picliiirim,  Ocote'a  pichii'riin  seu  Pn- 
chiiry,  Tetranthe'ra  piclinrim,  Xectnn'dra  jiiichiiry, 
Piichiiry  or  Pnvhyry  of  the  Brazilians,  Ord.  Lau- 
racete,  which  grows  in  Brazil,  Guiana.  Yeneznela, 
and  other  parts  of  South  America.  They  are  of 
an  elliptical  shape;  flat  on  one  side,  convex  on 
the  other;  of  an  aromatic  odour  between  that  cf 


PICK 


12 


PILE  US 


nutmegs  and  sassafras,  and  of  a  spiey,  pungent 
tMste.  The  medical  properties  are  the  same  as 
those  of  other  aromatics.  For  the  bark,  sec  Pe- 
churiin   cortex. 

PICK.  Ernctip. 

PICKERELWEED,  SHOVEL,  Unisema  del- 
tifolia. 

PICOTE,  Variola. 

PICOTEMENT.  Pricking. 

PICOTIN,  Arum  maculatum. 

PrCRA,  Puh-is  aloes  et  canellaB. 

PICR.ENA  EXCELSA,  Quassia. 

PICKIA,  Bitterness. 

PICRIUM  SPICATUM,  Coutoubea  alba. 

PICROCHOLOS,  Bilious. 

PPCROMEL,  BUin  ;  from  ri^pof.  'bitter,'  and 
//fXi,  'honey.'  A  name  given  by  Thcnard  to  a 
colourless,  soft  sul)Stance,  of  an  acrid,  bitter,  sac- 
charine taste,  nauseous  smell,  and  very  soluble  in 
water,  which  is  considered  to  be  a  hiUite  of 
und'i.  It' is  not  an  immediate  principle,  but  a 
mixture  of  different  substances.  It  forms  part  of 
the  bile,  and  is  generally  classed  amongst  the 
animal  immediate  principles. 

PICROPE'G/E,  PH-rope'ga,  from  niKpos,  'bit- 
ter,'and  i:?7)/i7,  'a  spring.'  Mineral  waters;  bit- 
ter from  the  presence  of  chloride  of  magnesium. 

PICROS,  Amarus. 

PICROTOX'INE,  Picrofox'inn,  Plcrotnx'in, 
from  iriif/jof,  '  bitter,'  and  toxiciim,  '  poison.'  A 
vegetable  alkali,  discovered  by  M.  BouUay  in  the 
jMciii'Kpermiiia  Cocciilim.  It  crystallizes  in  quad- 
rangular, white,  brilliant,  seinitransparetit  prisms ; 
which  are  excessively  bitter,  soluble  in  three  parts 
of  alcohol,  and  in  fifteen  of  boiling  water. 

The  Cocculus  Indicus  owes  its  poisonous  pro- 
perties to  this  principle. 

PIE  MERE,  Pia  mater. 

P lE-MERlTE,  Iiijlaiitmn'li'o  picp,  main's.  A 
miserably  compouncled  term,  employed  by  M.  Gri- 
.sollo,  to  express  inflammation  of  the  pia  mater  : — 
from  {F.)  pie  mere,  'the  pia  mater,'  and  ite,  itis  ; 
a  termination  denoting  inflammation. 

PIECE,  Hepatitis. 

PIECES  D'ANA TOMIE  ARTIFICIELLES, 
see  Artificial. 

PIED,  Pes — p.  cV Alexandre,  Antbemis  pyre- 
thrum —  p.  d'Aldiiette  den  champs,  Delphinium 
consolida — p.  Bat,  see  Kyllosis — p.  de  Chat,  An- 
tennaria  dioica  — ;;.  de  Chernl  mnrin,  Coriiu  am- 
monis — p.  de  Griffon,  Gryphius  pes,  Helleborus 
footiduR — p.  de  Lievre,  Arum  maculatum — p.  de 
Linn,  Alchemilla  —  p.  de  Lit,  Origanum — p. 
d'Oiire,  Acanthus  mollis — p.  Plat,  see  Kyllosis 

—  p.  de  Vean.  Arum  maculatum — p.  de  Vean 
tripJn/i/e,  Arum  triphyllum. 

PIEIRON,  Fat. 

PfERHE.  Ca\cu]us  —  p.  d'Alijle,  2PA\tes—p. 
d'Aimaiit.  Magnet  —  p.  d'Aznr.  Lapis  lazuli — p. 
Ciilainiiiaire,  Calamine — p.  i  Catttire,  Potassa 
cum  calee — p.  Divine,  Lapis  divinus — p.  d'Ecre- 
vissp,  Cancrorum  chelae — p.  Infernale,  Argenti 
Tiitras — p.  Jiidaiqtie.  Judaeus  (lapis) — p.  an  Lait, 
Morochthus  —  /).  3fedicamenteuse,  Medieainento- 
sus  lapis — p.  Nephretiqne,  Nephreticus  lapis — pi- 
Ponce.  Pnmex. 

PIERRES  CRA  YEUSES,  Calculi,  arthritic 

—  p.  an  Fiel,  Calculi,  biliary — p.  Stevcoroles, 
Calculus  of  the  Stomach  and  Intestines — p.  Uri- 
tiaires,  Calculi,  urinary. 

PTERREUX,  Petrous. 

PTESTER,  Press. 

PIESTERION,  Press. 

PIESTRON,  from  itusm,  '  I  press.'  An  instru- 
ment recommended  by  Hippocrates  for  breaking 
the  bones  of  the  foetal  head  when  too  large  to  be 
extracted  otherwise. 

PJGAJIOX  J  A  UXATRE,  Thalictron. 


PIGEON  BERRY,  Phytolacca  dccandra— p 
Breasted,  see  Lordosis— p.  Tree,  Aralia  spinosa. 

PKJMEXT  CELLS,  see  Cell,  pigment. 

PIGM  EN'TAL,  Pigmen'tarti,  /'iynirnta'riiit, 
(F.)  Piymeiitnire,  from  pi</menliiiii,  {jiiiiycrr,  pic- 
tnm,  '  to  paint,')  '  paint.'  Having  relation  to  pig- 
ment or  colouring  matter. 

PiGMKNT.VL    ApPAHA'TIS,    (F.)    Appareil    pig. 

mental.     The  apparatus  concerned  in  the  colora- 
tion of  the  skin  of  the  coloured  varieties  of  man. 

—  Flourens. 

PKJMICNTARTUS,  Apothecary, ITngnentnrius. 

PIGMENTARY,  Pigmental  —  p.  Na>vi,  gee 
Na}vus. 

PIGMENTUM,  Paint— p.  Indicum,  Indigo— 
p.  Nigrum,  see  Choroidea  tunica — p.  Uracu, 
Terra  Orleana. 

PIGMY,  Pygmy. 

PIGNEROLE,  Cantaurea  calcitrapa. 

PIGNON  DE  BAR  BAR  IE,  Jatr.ipha  curcns 

—  p.  d'liide,   Jatroiiha  curcas — p.  d  hide,  petit, 
Croton  tiglium. 

PIGNUT,  Earthnvt.Gronndnnt.  The  bulbous 
root  of  Bn'niinn  Bnlhocan'ta)inm.  Ord.  Unibelli- 
ferae.  Called  pif/nnts,  from  the  fondness  of  the 
pig  for  them.  They  have  been  considered  to  pos- 
sess a  stj'ptic  quality;  and  are  deemed  service- 
able in  atonic  affections  of  the  kidney.  —  Hooper. 

Pignut,  Bunium  bulbocastanum. 

PIG'S  FLARE,  Adeps  suiUus. 

PIKROPEG^,  Picropega?. 

PIKRY,  Pulvis  aloes  et  canella;. 

PILA,  Sphwra,  PaUa,  iraWa,  Ball.  A  gym- 
nastic exercise,  much  used  by  the  ancients  ns 
well  as  moderns. — Galen.  Also,  a  niortnr  and  a 
pestle  — Ac' one. 

PiLA,  Mortar,  Pillar  —  p.  Dnmarnm,  iEgagro- 
pila — p.  Rupicaprarum,  iRgagropila. 

PiLA  M.\v.l'^\,  Spltara  Marina  sen  Thalas'sia, 
Halcya'nium  rotun'dnm,  (F.)  Pelote  de  Mer,  Zos- 
tere,  Algue  marine,  A.  coiiimnnc  ou  des  VerrierK. 
Certain  light,  round,  depressed,  or  oblong  masses 
— inodorous  and  insipid — in  which  rushes,  hairs, 
and  the  debris  of  shells  are  met  with.  These  are 
found  on  the  sea-shores,  and  have  been  regarded 
by  Spielniann  as  consisting  chiefly  of  the  roots 
of  the  Zoste'ra  Mari'na  seu  3Iiirit'ima,  Alga 
3Iari'na,  {Big  tangles,  ]Vare,  Wair,  Sea-icare,) 
Phncagros'tis  minor.  Iodine  is  detected  in  the 
ashes,  which  accounts  for  their  success  in  goitre. 
They  have,  also,  been  given  as  a  vermifuge, 

PILAIRE,  Pileous. 

PILAR,  Pileous. 

PILAR E  MALUM.  Trichosis. 

PILA'TIO,  from  pitns,  'a  hair.'  Fracture  of 
the  cranium  in  wliich  the  fissure  is  narrow,  and 
has  the  appearance  of  a  Lair — a  cap'illarg  Jtusure, 
(F.)  Fente  capillaire, 

PILE,  Hair. 

PI'LEA  PU'MILA,  from  pihis,  'aha\r,'pilo. 
sns,  'hairy.'  Ric1ni:eed,  Clearweed,  Cooliceed ; 
indigenous;  Order,  Urticacea? ;  flowering  fi-om 
July  to  September ;  has  been  used  as  a  wash  in 
poisoning  by  Rhus.  It  has  a  strong,  grateful 
smell. 

PILEOLUM,   Calotte. 

PILEOLUS,  Caul,  Pileus. 

PI'LEOUS,  Pilo'sns,  Pilose,  Pilous,  Pilar,  (F.) 
Pilenx,  Pilaire,  from  pilns,  'a  hair.'  That  which 
relates  to  the  hair.     Hairy. 

PiLROus  System  of  Bichat  is  that  formed  by 
the  hair.  It  comprises  the  different  species  of 
hair  of  the  human  body. 

PILES,  BLIND,  Ctecse  ha;morrhoides,  see 
Hasmorrhois. 

PILEUS,  'a  hat,  cap.  or  bonnet  for  the  head.' 
Pile'olns.  A  shield.  A  nipple-like  instrument, 
formed  of  various  materials,  and  used  by  females 


riLEUX 


13 


PILL 


for  protecting  the  nipple  during  the  child's  suck- 
ing, when  the  part  is  painful.     Also,  a  caul. 

Pim:iis«,  Cucupha — p.  Hippocraticus,  Bonnet 
d'  Hil>l>i>crate. 

J'/L/Jf/X,  Pileous. 

PIlitlW'OllT,  Ranunculus  acris,  and  R.  ficaria. 

riLI  CAPITIS,  sec  Capillus  — p.  Cutis,  La- 
nuj^o  —  p.  Palpebrarum,  Cilia  —  p.  Pudendorum, 
I'ubes. 

rUJER.  Pillar. 

PIMF'KUOIJS,  Pi'H/er,  from  pihin,  'a  hair,' 
and  ./'-'■",  '1  bear.'  Pile  or  hair  bearing,  —  as  a 
•  pili/'criiiin  cyst,' — one  containing  hair. 

PILIMICTIO,  see  Trichiasis. 

PILL,  Pilula — p.  Abernethy's,  see  Pilulif  hy- 
drar^jri — p.  of  Aloes  and  Gamboge,  Pilulaj  jilocs 
ct  ciunbogia;  —  p.  of  Aloes  and  cincliona,  Pilulau 
iiloes  et  kinae  kinae  —  p.  of  Aloes  and  colocynth, 
Pilula'  aloes  et  colocyntbidis  —  p.  of  Aloes  and 
lotid  gums,  Pilulic  de  aloe  et  fcietidis — p.  of  Aloes 
find  ginger,  Piluhc  aloes  et  zingiberis  —  p.  of 
Allies  and  iron,  Piluhe  aloes  et  ferri  —  p.  Aloes 
1111(1  niyrrh,  Pilulae  aloes  et  myrrhae — p.  Aloetic, 
I'iiulai'  aloeticue  —  p.  Aloetic  and  assafoetida,  Pi- 
liiliV)  iiloes  et  assafffitidae  —  p.  Aloetic,  compound, 
I'ilulie  aloes  composita!  —  p.  of  Ainmoniuret  of 
copper,  Pilula;  ammoniureti  cupri — p.  Analeptic, 
.Jiiiiies's,  see  Analeptica  —  p.  Anderson's,  see  Pi- 
lula; aloes  et  jalapie — p.  Anodyne,  Pilulae  opiata; 
—p.  Antibilious,  Barclay's,  Pilulae  anlibiliosas — 
p.  Antibilious,  Dixon's,  Pilula;  antibili(isa>  —  p. 
Asiatic,  Pilula;  Asiaticas  —  p.  Assafetida,  Pilula; 
Assiifuetidte — p.  Bacher's,  Pilula;  ex  hellebore  et 
iiiyrrtia — p.  Barbarossa's,  Barbarossae  pilula — p. 
Jjiirtlioz's,  see  Pilula;  aloes  et  myrrhae. 

Pill.,  Br.Aiit's.  An  empirical  preparation  of 
colcliieiiiii,  much  used  iu  England  in  cases  of 
gout. 

Pii.L,  Blaud's.  These  pills,  proposed  by  M. 
Blaud  as  aiiticlilorotic,  are  formed  as  follows:  — 
Take  of  ijmn  trdijiicitntli,  in  powder,  si.x  grains  ; 
water,  one  drachm.  Macerate  in  a  glass  or  por- 
celain mortar,  until  a  thick  mucilage  is  formed, 
imd  if  it  be  desired  to  prevent  the  formatiim  of 
peroxide  of  iron,  and  to  make  the  pill  similar  to 
those  of  Vallet,  substitute  a  drachm  of  jiowdered 
sugar  for  the  mucilage.  Adil  afterwards  of  mil- 
jiliiile  of  iron,  in  powder,  half  an  ounce.  Beat 
well  until  the  mixture  is  homogeneous,  and  add 
siibc<uhoii((te  of  pot  a  sua,  half  an  ounce.  Beat  un- 
til the  mass  becomes  of  a  deep-green  colour,  mid 
of  a  soft  consistence.  Divide  into  48  [?]  pills. 
Uose,  one  a  day;  gradually  increasing  to  two, 
and  afterwards  to  three. 

Pill,  Bluk,  Pilula;  hydrargyri — p.  Brandreth's, 
Piluhe  aloes  et  cambogiae  —  p.  Calomel,  Pilula; 
hydrargyri  chloridi  mitis — p.  Calomel,  compound, 
Pilula;  hydrargyri  submuriatis  coinposita;  —  p. 
Cidomel  and  opium,  Piluhe  calomelanos  et  opii — 
1>.  Gamboge,  Piluhc  cambogiic  compos. — p.  Ciun- 
boge,  compound,  Piluhe  cambogiic  coinpositte  — 
p.  of  Carbonate  of  iron,  Pilula;  ferri  carbonatis — 
]i.  Cathartic,  compound,  Pilula;  cathartica;  com- 
)H)siti¥ — p  of  Colocynth  and  henbane,  Piluhe  co- 
hicyiithidis  et  hyoscyaini — p.  of  Colocynth,  coin- 
Jiuund,  Piluhe  colocyntbidis  compositae — p.  Com- 
mon, Piluhe  aloes  et  mj-rrhic — p.  of  ainmonialed 
Copper,  Piluhe  cupri  aminoniati  —  p.  of  Digitalis 
mid  sciiiill,  Piluhe  digitalis  et  scilhe  —  p.  Dinner, 
see  Piluhe  aloes  et  kinie  kin.e,  and  Pilula;  rhej. 

Pill,  Dinnku,  op  .'\Iu.  Mavo.  This  is  composed 
of  P.  Itliij.  gr.  iv  :   SmleB  Curb.  gr.  j. 

Pill,  Evkulast'i.ng.  A  pill  once  in  vogue, 
nnd  said  to  be  composed  of  metallic  antimony. 
It  was  believed  to  have  the  property  of  purging  j 
BS  often  as  it  was  swallowed.  A  lady  having 
swallowed  one  of  these  pills,  became  seriously  i 
alarmed  at  its  not  passing.  "  Madam,"  said  her 
physician,    "fear   not;    it    has    already   passed; 


through  a  hundred  patients  without  any  difiB- 
culty." —  Paris. 

Pill,  Femalr,  Pilulae  de  aloe  et  foetidis  —  p. 
Ferruginous,  of  Vallet,  see  Ferri  protocarbonas 
— p.  Fothergill's,  see  Pilula;  aloes  et  colocyntbidis 
— p.  Frank's,  see  Piluhe  aloes  et  kinae  kina; — p. 
Fuller's,  see  Pilula;  de  aloe  et  foetidis  —  p.  Gal- 
banuin,  compound,  Pilulte  galbani  composita;  — 
p.  Griffith's,  Piluhe  ferri  composita; — p.  (iritfitt's, 
see  Pilula;  rhej  compositae — p.  Gum,  Pilulae  gal- 
bani compositae — p.  Harvey's,  Pilula;  aloes  et  co- 
locyntbidis—  p.  of  Hellebore  and  myrrh,  Pilulse 
ex  helleboro  et  myrrlia  —  p.  of  Hemlock,  com- 
pound, Pilulae  conii  compositae — p.  Hooper's,  see 
Pilula;  aloes  et  myrrhae  —  p.  of  Iodide  of  iron, 
Pilula;  ferri  iodidi  —  p.  of  Ipecacuanha  and 
opium,  Pilulie  ijicciicuaiihae  et  ojiii — p.  of  Ipeca- 
cuanha and  squill,  Piluhe  ipecacuanha;  cum  scilla, 

—  p.  of  sulphate  of  Iron,  Pilulae  ferri  sulphatis 
— p.  James's  Anale|)tic,  see  Analeiitica— p.  Key- 
ser's,  see  Ilydrargyrus  acetatus  —  p.  Lady  Gres- 
pigny's,  Piluhc  aloes  et  kinae  kina;  —  p.  Lady 
Hesketh's,  see  Pilulae  aloes  et  kiiitc  kiiise  —  p. 
Lady  Webster's,  Pilulae  aloes  et  kinae  kinae. 

Pill,  Lartigue's,  PWuIcb  Col'ehici  et  Digi- 
ta'lis,  (F.)  Pilules  de  Lfirtiyne.  {Hut.  Coluc.  c. 
3ss;  Ext.  Sent.  Colchic.  alcv/io/ic.,  Extract.  Dig- 
ital, alcohalic.  aii  gr.  iss ;  f.  uiassa  in  pilul.  x  di- 
vidend.) Dose,  two,  three,  or  more,  in  the  24 
hours,  in  gout,  until  purging  is  induced. 

This  is  a  form  that  has  been  employed  as  a 
substitute  for  the  Pilulen  de  Lartiyne,  the  compo- 
sition of  which  is  not  known.  M.  Bouchardat  re- 
commends for  the  same  purpose  a  combination 
of  Ejtractum  eolnci/nthidiii  coiiijjositimi,  Extractum 
cdlc/iici  and  Eutractitm  opii,  which  is  almost 
identical  with  [lills  prescribed  by  Sir  Henry  Hol- 
ford  for  the  gout;  the  only  difference  being,  that 
the  latter  substitutes  Docer'is  jioicder  fur  the  Ex- 
traetuin  opii. 

Pill,  Oimate,  of  Lead,  Piluhe  plumbi  opiatae. 

Pill,  Lee's  New  Lo.ndon,  is  composed  of 
scamiiioiiy,  ijamhoije,  calomel,  jalap,  aloes,  soup 
and  si/rnp  of  buckthorn. 

Pill,  Lee's  Windham,  consists  of  gamboge, 
aloes,  soap  and  nitrate  of  jjotassa. 

Pill  Machi.xe,  Pilnlier—p.  Matthews's,  see 
Pilulae  ex  helleboro  et  luyrrha  —  p.  Mercurial, 
Pilula;  hydrargyri— p.  of  mild  chloride  of  Mer- 
cury, Pilulae  hydrargyri  chloridi  mitis  —  p.  Mof- 
fat's, Pilula;  aloes  et  cambogiie — p.  Morrison's, 
Piluhe  aloes  et  cambogia;,  see  Pilulae  cambogiaB 
compositie — p.  Moseley's,  Pilula;  rhej  compositae 

—  p.  Night,  common,  Pilula;  opiatfe  —  p.  Opiate, 
Piluhe  opiata;  —  p.  Peter's,  see  Pilula;  aloes  et 
cambogiie — p.  Plumnier's,  Pilulae  hydrargyri  sub- 
muriatis composita'  —  p.  of  sulphate  of  Quinia, 
Piluhe  quinia>  sulphatis — p.  Red,  Pilula;  hydrar- 
gyri submuriatis  compositae — p.  Red,  Boerhaave's, 
see  Hj'drargyri  sulpliuretum  rubruin — ji.  of  Rhu- 
barb, Piluhe  rhej — p.  of  Rhubarb,  compound, 
Piluke  rhei  composita; — p.  Rudius's,  Pilula;  aloes 
et  colocyntbidis — ^  p.  Rufus's,  Piluhc  aloes  et 
myrrha;  —  p.  Rush's,  see  Pilula;  aloes  et  caui- 
bogi.e — p.  Scotch,  Pilula;  de  aloe  et  fu'tidis  —  p. 
of  Soap  and  opium,  Pilula'  saponis  cum  opio — p. 
Speediman's,  see  Piluhe  aloes  et  myrrha;  —  p. 
Siiuatting,  Pilula;  opiatie  —  p.  Squill,  compound, 
Pilulae  scilhe  composita;  —  p.  Stahl's,  see  Pilulse 
de  aloe  et  foetidis  —  p.  Starkey's,  see  Pilulae  ex 
helleboro  et  myrrha  —  p.  Stomachic,  see  Piiulaj 
aloes  et  kiuic  kinie,  and  Pilul*  rhej  —  p.  Storax, 
Piluhe  e  styrace— p.  of  Strychnia,  Pilula;  strych- 
ni;e  —  p.  of  Submuriiile  of  mercury,  compound, 
Pilula;  hydrargyri  submuriatis  composita'  —  p. 
Tanjore,  Piluhe  Asiatic*— p.  Turpentine,  Pilulse 
do  terebinthina  —  p.  Vallet's,  see  Ferri  protocar- 
bonas, and  Pilulse  ferri  carbonatis— p.  Webster's, 


riLLAR 


14 


PILUL.E 


Pilulre  aloes  et  kinjc  kinae  —  p.  Whytt's,  see  Pi- 
luliu  de  aloe  et  f'cKtidis. 

PILLAR,    Pi'lit,    Coliim'na,    Columd'ln,    (F.) 
Pilier.     A  name  given  to  several  parts ;  as  the 
pillars  of  the  velum  palati,  diaphragm,  &c. 
PILLULA,  Pilula. 

PILNA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF,  see 
PuUna. 

P/LOiV,  Pilum. 

PILOSELLA,  HieraciuQi  piloscUa — d.  Alpina, 
Hieraciuiu  pilosella. 
PILOSUS,  Pileous. 
PILOUS,  Pileous. 

PIL'ULA,  PiU'ida,  plural  Pil'iilm.  Diminu- 
tive of  pila,  'a  ball.'  Spharid'ion,  Catapo'tion, 
Cdtop'otiim,  Catapo'tia,  Sphee'riou,  Goiif/yl'ion, 
Gon'gylin,  Gniigylid'ium,  Sphas'rula  Gale'ni.  A 
pill.  (F.)  Pilule.  A  simple  or  compound  medi- 
cine, weighing  from  one  to  five  grains,  of  a  firm 
consistence  and  spherical  form  ;  ititended  to  be 
swallowed  at  once,  without  chewing.  The  Pill 
dift'ers  from  the  Bolus,  the  latter  being  softer  and 
larger. 

Medicines  are  often  given  in  the  form  of  pill, 
on  account  of  their  disiigrceable  taste  and  odour. 
Pihda,  also,  means  a  Pilnlur  mass. 

PILULE  EX  ALOE,  P.  aloes  compositae— p. 
de  Aloe  et  eambogiS,.  P.  aloes  et  cambogiae. 

PlLlTL^  Aloes.  P.  Aloct'icfp  seu  ejr  Aloe  et, 
S'lpn'ne,  Aluet'ie  Pill,  (F.)  Pilules  d'aloes  ou  alo- 
itiques.  {Abies  in  jxdo.  :  sapniiis.  sing,  ^j ;  si/r. 
q.  s.  to  form  240  pills.— Ph.  U.  S.)  Do.se,  gr.  x. 
to  .XX,  in  habitual  costiveness. 

Pilule  Aloes  et  Assafce'tid^,  Aloctic  and 
Assafifitida  Pills.  (Aloes,  assafoetidai,  saponis, 
sing.  ,^ss;  oquce,  q.  s.  to  form  180  pills. — Ph.  U. 
S.)     Purgative  and  stomacic.     Dose,  gr.  x. 

Pilule  Aloks  et  Cambo'gi.«,  P.  de  Aloe  et 
Cambo'gid  seu  Hi/draijo'(j(P,  Boii'tii,  Pill  of  Aloes 
and  Camhoge,  (Aloes,  cconbog.,  gum.  ammoniac, 
aa  p.  £6.  Make  into  a  powder.  Dissolve  in  vine- 
gar;  pass  through  a  cloth;  express  the  residuum 
strongly;  and  afterwards  evaporate,  in  a  water- 
bath,  to  a  pilular  consistence. — Ph.  P.)  Purga- 
tive; used  in  dropsy.     Dose,  gr.  xij  to  xxx. 

Peter's  Pills, — a  nostrum — are  formed  of  aloes, 
jalap,  acammony,  and  camhoge,  of  each  equal 
parts. 

The  basis  of  Morrison's  Pills,  often  called  Hy- 
giene Pills,  of  Brandrcth's  Pills,  and  Moffat's 
Pills,  is  said  to  be  filoes,  with  camboge,  scam- 
mony,  <fec. 

Rush's  Pills  were  formed  of  calomel,  aloes,  and 
camboge,  with  oil  of  mint. 

PiLtJL,B  Aloes  et  Colocyn'thidi.s,  P.  ex  Co- 
loeynth' ide  cum  aloe  seu  Aloes  cum  Oolocynthide 
seu  coc'cincp.  seu  coc'chii  seu  colocj/n'thidis compos' - 
it(B  fea  coc'citr:  mino'res.  Pill  of  Aloes  and  Colo- 
cynth.,  (F.)  Pilules  j^anchymogognes  ou  universel- 
les,  Pilules  cochees.  (Pulp,  coloe.  ,^ss ;  aloes 
hepat.,  ecammon.  aa  ^j  !  sapon.  ^ij  ;  ol.  caryoph. 
3J;  syrup,  q.  s. — P^.  D.)  Cathartic.  Dose,  gr. 
V  to  X  or  more. 

Foth'ergill's  Pills  consist  of  aloes,  seammony, 
colorynth,  And  oxide  of  antimony  ;  and  Harvey's 
Antibilious  Pills,  and  Rudius's  Pills  do  not  dif- 
fer much  from  them. 

PiLUL/E  Aloes  CoMPOs'lTiE,  P.  ex  Aloe,  Com- 
pound Aloetic_  Pills.  (Aloes  spic.  extract,  cont. 
^j  ;  ext.  gentianee,  ^ss  ;  olei  carui,  gtt.  xl :  syr. 
q.  s. — Ph.  L.)  These  are  sometimes,  also,  called 
Family  pills,  Antibilioui  pills,  Ac. 

PiLUL.E  Aloes  rt  Feiuu,  Pills  of  aloes  and. 
Iron.  (Ferri  sulphat.  p.  iij  ;  Aloes  Barbad.  p. 
ij  :  Pulv.  arom.  p.  vj  ;  Conserv.  Rosa>,  p.  viij. — 
Ph.  Ed.)  In  atonic  constipation.  Dose,  one  to 
three  pills. 

Pilule  de  Aloe  et  Fce'tidis,  P.  Benedic'tcs 


Fuller!  seu  Ecphrac'tircB  seu  Aloes  martin'len, 
Pills  of  aloes  and  fetid  gums.  Female  pills,  (F.) 
Pilules  hfnites  de  Fuller.  (Aloes  socittr.,  senna, 
assafvetidcs,  galbani,  aii  ^\y,  myrrh.  ,^iv  ;  crori, 
macis,  ail  3 J  ■  ferri  sulphat.  ^'ss.  Kediice  lu 
powder  separately,  and  add  ol.  snrrin.  git.  viij  ; 
syr.  artcmisim,  q.  s.  —  Ph.  P.)  I'urgative,  and 
given  in  hysteria.     Dose,  gr.  xv  to  xx. 

Whyit's  Pills,  given  in  similar  eases,  consisted 
of  chloride  of  iron,  aloes,  extract  of  horehonml, 
anil  nssiifvtida. 

Stahl's  Pills,  much  used  as  a  tonic  aperient  in 
Germany,  are  made  as  follows: — Ferri pnlr.,  I^ss; 
Aloes  pnlv.,  ^ij;  Ext.  colvyuth.,  3j  j  inncilng. 
acacicB  q.  s.  ut  fiant  pil  xl. 

PiUTL^  Aloes  et  Jalap'^*;,  commonly  cylled 
Anderson's  pills,  Anderson's  Scots'  pills,  Scotch 
pills.  (Aloes  Barbad.  Ibj  ;  rod.  hellcb.  iilgr., 
rad.  jahqxB,  potasses  suhcarb.  aa  ^j  ;  (d.  anisi, 
^'\v  ;  syrup,  sivipl.  q.  s.  —  Gray.)  Dose,  gr.  x 
to  xxx. 

A  committee  of  the  Philndelphia  College  of 
Pharmacy  recommend  the  following:  Aloes  Itor- 
badens.  ^^xxiv;  saponis.  ^'\v  ;  colocynthid.  §j  ; 
camhogicp,  ^^j  ;   ol.  Ktnis.  f  3ss. 

Pilule:  Aloes  et  Kln^e  Kinje,  P.  stomach' ica 
seu  ante  cibum,  Pill  of  aloes  and  cinchona,  (F.) 
Pilules  gourmandes.  (Aloes  socotr.  ^vj  ;  exi.  cln- 
cAoH.  3'y  )  cinnam.  ^y,  syrup,  absinth,  q.  s. — 
Ph.  P.)     Stomachic  and  laxative.     Dose,  gr.  x. 

to   XX. 

Lady  Crespigny's  pills,  Lady  Webster's  pills. 
Lady  Hesketh's  pills;  the  Pilules  de  l)iiclirniie, 
(Qucrcetanus),  the  Grains  de  Vie  ou  Pilules  de 
Clerambourg  ;  the  Pilules  Indieniies  slomaehiipies 
de  De  la  Croix,  the  Pilules  de  liarbier,  and  the 
Pilula  stomach' iccB  Mesues  (Ph.  L.  Kl'iS),  resem- 
ble these. 

Fntnk's  pills,  much  employed,  also,  as  'dinner 
pills,'  or,  —  to  use  the  language  of  the  eccentric 
Kitchener — as  'pejttic  jjersuaders,'  are  said  to 
be  much  used,  under  the  name  Graines  de  santf, 
in  various  parts  of  Europe.  They  consist  of 
aloes,  jalap,  and  rhubarb,  with  syrup  of  wurm- 
icood  as  an  excipient. 

Pilule  Aloes  Mautiales,  P.  de  aloe  et  foe- 
tidis. 

Pildl^  Aloes  et  Myrrh/E,  P.  aloes  cnm  tnyr- 
rhd  seu  de  aloe  et  myrrhd,  P.  Rnfi  sen  Rnffi  seu 
comma' nes,  Rufus's  or  Ruffus's  pills.  Common 
pills,  Pills  of  Aloes  anil  myrrh.  (Aloes,  ,^ij  ;  croci, 
in  pulv.  ,^ss;  myrrh,  ^j  ;  syr.  q.  s.  to  form  4S0 
pills. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Cathartic  and  emmenagoguo. 
Dose,  gr.  X  to  xx. 

Hooper's  pills  —  possessed  of  similar  properties 
—  according  to  one  of  Gray's  formula;  are  niado 
as  follows:  Ferri  sulph.,  agnm,  a."i,  Sviij.  Dis- 
solve. Add  aloes  Barbad.  tbij  and  ,^viij;  canel- 
l(B  albcB,  ,^vj  ;  gntn.  myrrh.  §ij  ;  opopanacis,  Jiv. 
The  committee  of  the  Philadelphia  College  of 
Pharmacy  recommend  the  following  form:  Aloes 
Barhadensis,  ,^viij  ;  ferri  sulphatis  exsiccat.  ,^ij, 
and  ,^iss,  vel  ferri  sulph.  crystall.  ^v  ;  e.rt.  hel- 
leb.  nigr.  ^^ij  ;  myrrh,  %\y,  saponis,  ^ij;  eanella, 
in  pulv.  tritae,  ,^j  ;  zingib.  in  pulv.  trit.  ,^j. 

Speediman's  pills  consist  of  (does,  myrrh,  rhu- 
barb, extract  of  chamomile,  and  essential  oil  of 
chamomile ;  and  the  Pills  of  Barthez.  of  aloes, 
myrrh,  music,  camphor,  and  balsam  o/  Peru. 

PiLULyE  DE  Aloe  et  Sapone,  p.  aloeticic. 

PiLiiL.*^-  Aloes  cum  Zlmgib'eue,  Pills  of  aloes 
and  ginger.  (Aloes  hepat.  _^j  ;  rad.  zingib.  in 
pulv.  ^}  ;  sapon.  Hispan.  ,;^ss;  ol.  ess.  menthm  pip- 
3ss.— Ph.  D.)  In  habitual  costiveness.  Dose, 
gr.  x  to  XX. 

Pilule  Ammoxiure'ti  Curni,  P.  Cnpri,  Pill* 
of  Ammo'niuret  of  copper,  (F.)  Pilules  d'amuu- 
niure  de  cuivre.  (Ammoninr.  cupri,  in  pulv.  ten. 
trit.,  gr.  xvj  ;  mica  p>anis,  Qiv;  aqua  carbunatn 


PILUL.E 


715 


PILUL.E 


ammnuxfK,  q.  a.  Beat  into  a  mass,  and  divide  into 
xxxij  pills.— Ph.  E.;  Tonic  and  antispasmodic, 
in  epilepsy,  Ac.  Dose,  one  pill  twice  daily; 
gr:iiluiiily  increasing  the  dose. 

I'li.iu./F,  Antb  Cibim,  p.  aloes  et  kinse  kin». 
PlLL'L.K  Antibilio's^,  liardm/a  Aiitibil'ioua 
plUi.  {Extract  o/coloci/iilh,  ^ij  ;  reai'n  of  Jalap. 
^  •  "linond  soap,  giss  ;  giiaiac,  ^iij  ;  emetic  tart. 
gr.  viij  ;  oila  of  juniper,  carraway,  and  roaemary, 
aa  iv  drops  ;  syrup  of  hitclcthorn,  q.  s.  to  form  64 
pilln.)     Dose,  two  or  three. 

Dixon's  Antihilions  pills  are  formed  of  aloes, 
Bcammony,  rhubarb,  and  tartarized  autimony. 

PiLULJi  ANTiHKiU'ETiCyE,  Pilulao  hydrargyri 
submuriatis  comp. — p.  Antihystericae,  P.  galbani 
coinpositie. 

Pilule:  Antiscroi'hulo's^,  P.  ex  o.v'ido  stih'ii 
et  hydrar'yyri  aulphnre'to  niyro  compoa'itcB.  (P. 
scamuion.,  Iiydrarg.  sulphur,  niijr.  aa  ^ij;  anti- 
moiiii  oxidi  albi,  millepejL,  aapou.  amy;jdalin.  a& 
giij;  extract,  (jlyeyrrh.  ^v.  Make  into  a  mass. 
— I'h.  P.)     Dose,  gr.  iv  to  xx. 

PiLUL^E  Antisi'astic^,  p.  galbani  compositae 
—  p.  Assafoetidio  compositae,  P.  galbani  compo- 
sita;. 

Pil,UL>E  AsiAt'ic^!,  Asiat'ic  or  Tanjore  pills. 
(Acid,  araenios.  gr.  Iv ;  piper,  niyr.  pulv.,  ^ix; 
acacicB,  q.  s.  ut  fiant  pil.  800.  Each  pill  contains 
about  one-fifteenth  of  a  grain  of  arsenious  acid. 
These  pills  are  employed  in  India  for  the  cure  of 
syphilis  and  elephantiasis. 

Vu.VLK  Assap(k'tid;e,  Aasafet'ida  pills.  (As- 
scifijelld.  ,^iss;  sapouis,  ^^ss.     Beat  with  toaler  so 

as  to  form  a  mass  to  be  divided  into  240  pills. 

Ph.  U.  S.) 

Pilui,;e  Balsam'ic^,  p.  Docto'ris  Ilorton. 
(MiUeped.  pulverisat.  .^xviij  ;  gum  amnion.  g.\j  ; 
and.  benzoic,  .^vj  ;  croci,  hahami  Peruv.  aa  ,^j  ; 
balsam,  sulph.  anisat.  ^vj.  Mix. — Ph.  P.)  Tonic, 
expectorant,  and  balsamic. 

Pilule  Benedicts  Fulleri,  P.  de  aloe  et 
fa'tidis. 

Vu.vLX  Calomelanos  CoMPOsiTiE,  P.  Hydrar- 
gyri  subinuriiitis  compositae. 

PlLUL.e  CALOirKL'ANOS  ET  Opii,  P.  Rydrar'- 
(l!/ri  chlor'idi  et  o'pii,  Pills  of  Calomel  and  Opium. 
(Uydrarg.  chlorid.  mit.  p.  iij  ;  Opii  p.  j  ;  Con/evt. 
RoH.q.  s.  To  be  divided  into  pills  each  contain- 
ing two  grains  of  calomel. — Ph.  Ed.) 

PlMTL.K  CAMBo'GIyE  CoMPOs'lTyE,  P.  de  gnttd 
gaman'dra  seu  hi/drar/o'ga>  sen  gnmmignttcB  aloet'- 
ic(B,  Gamboge  pills,  Compound  camboge  pills,  (F.) 
Pilules  de  yomme  gutte  compoaees.  {Cambogice 
coutrilcB,  nloes  spicat.  extract,  contriti.,  pulv.  cin- 
nam.  comp.  sing,  ^j  ;  saponis,  ^ij.— Ph.  L.)  Ca- 
thartic.    Dose,  gr.  X  to  xx. 

Morrison's  Pills  are  said  by  Dr.  Paris  to  be 
nothing  more  than  the  above,  with  the  addition 
of  a  small  portion  o(  cream  of  tartar. 

Pii/uL.B  Cathau'tic^  Co.mpos'it/e,  Compound 
cathartic  pills.  (Ext.  coloci/nth.  comp.  in  pulv. 
5'S;  ext.  Jalapai  in  pulv..  hydrarg.  chlorid.  mit. 
"^  3'iJ  !.'/"'"*"!/•  in  pulv.  9  ij.  M.  Form  into  a 
mass  with  water,  and  make  into  180  pills.— Ph. 
U.  S.)     Three  for  a  dose. 

PiLULvE  Cocciiii.  P.  aloes  et  coloeynthidis  —  p. 
CoceiiB  minores,  P.  aloes  et  coloeynthidis  —  p. 
CocfiniB,  P.  aloes  et  coloeynthidis  — p.  Colchiei 
et  digitalis,  P.  Lartigue's — p.  Coloeynthidis  eom- 
positie,  P.  aloes  et  coloeynthidis — p.  ex  Colocyn- 
thlde  cum  aloe,  P.  aloes  et,  coloeynthidis. 

PiL(M,.ic  CoLOCvNTn'inis  et  IIvoscy'ami,  Pills 
of  C'docyiith  and  Henbane.  [Pil.  Colocynth. 
ciimp.  p.  ij  ;  ^xt.  Hyoscyaiii.  p.  i. — Ph.  E.)  Dose, 
gr.  V  to  gr.  XX. 

Pii,ri,.E  CosfMrNRS,  P.  aloes  et  myrrhae. 
PlI.HL.E  CoNII  CoMPOs'lT.B,   Compound   Pill  of 
Hemlock.    (Ext.  Conii  ^v  :  Ipecac. Y)u\\'.^;   The- 
riac.  q.  s. — Ph.  L.)  Do.se,  gr.  v  three  times  a  day. 


PiluLjE  Ciipri,  p.  amraoniureti  cupri. 

Pilule  Copa'ibvE,  Pills  of  Copaiba.  '(Copnib. 
i5'J;  »«'g)iesia,  recente  pr;epar.  gj.  Mix  and 
set  aside  till  it  concretes  into  a  pi'lular  mass,  to 
be  divided  into  200  pill?.— Ph.  U.  S.)  Each  pill 
contains  nearly  five  grains  of  copaiba.  Two  to 
six  for  a  dose. 

PiLVLjE  Cupri  Ammonia'ti,  Pills  of  ammo'ni. 
ated  Copper.  (Cupri  ammon.  in  pulv.  p.  j  ;  mi.-re 
pants,  p.  vj;  Liq.  amnion,  carbouut.  q.  s.  —  Ph. 
E.)     Dose,  one  to  six  pills. 

PILUL.E  DE  CynOGLOS'sO,  P.  de  extrac'to  o'pii. 
(Pulv.  rad.  cynoglnm.,  aemin.  hyoscyam.  alb.,  ex- 
tract, opii  vinos,  aa  ^iv  ;  pulv.  myrrh,  ^vj  :  oliban. 

^v;   croci,   castor.,   aa  ^iss  ;  syrup  oj,ii,   q.  s. 

Ph.  P.)     Anodyne.     In  cough,  <fec.     Dose,  gr.  iv 
to  gr.  viij. 

P1L11L.E  Depuhantks,  P.  hydrargyri  submu- 
riatis compos. 

Pilule  Digita'lis  et  Scxi.i.jk,  Pills  of  Digi- 
talia  and  Squill.  (Digital.,  Scilla,  ai  p.  j  ; 
Elect,  aromat.  p.  ij.— Ph.  E.)  One  or  two  pii'u 
for  a  dose. 

P1LUL.E  Ecphractic^,  p.  de  aloe  et  foetidis. 

Pilule  Fkhri  CAUBotiA'Ti^,  Pills  of  carbonate 
of  iron,  Vallet\  pills,  Vallet's  ferrn'qinous  pills. 
(Ferri  sulpli.  ^viij  ;  sodm  carbonai.  ^x  ;  3/,/. 
despumat.  .^iij  ;  sacchar.  ^ij  ;  aqum  hulliculis,  Oij ; 
syrup,  q.  s.  Dissolve  the  sulphate  of  iron  and 
carbonate  of  soda,  each  in  a  pint  of  the  water, 
and  to  each  solution  add  a  fluidoiince  of  syrup; 
then  mix  the  two  solutions  in  a  bottle  just"larue 
enough  to  contain  them  ;  close  it  accurately  wi7h 
a  stopper,  and  set  it  liy,  that  the  carbonate  of 
iron  may  subside.  Pour  off  the  liquid,  and  having 
washed  the  precipitate  with  warm  water,  svveet^ 
ened  with  syrup  in  the  proportion  of  f^^j  of  the 
latter  to  Oj  of  the  former,  until  the  washings  no 
longer  have  a  saline  taste,  place  it  upon  a  (iannel 
cloth,  and  exi)ress  as  much  water  as  possible  ; 
then  mix  it  with  the  honey  and  sugar.  Lasth-' 
heat  the  mixture  in  a  water-bath,  until  it  attains 
a  pilular  consistence.  — Ph.  U.  S.) 

PlLULvE  FeiUU  CoMPOs'lTyE.  P.  ferri  cum  viyr- 
rhd,  Compound  pills  of  iron,  Griffith's  Pills,  (F.) 
Pilules  de  fer  cornposees.  (Jfyrrh.  in  pulv.  Zij  ; 
soda  aubcarb.,  ferri  anlph.  aa  ^  ;  91/rup,  q.  s. 
Mix,  to  form  80  pills.— Ph.  U.  s!)  Tonic.  Dose^ 
gr.  x  to  XX. 

PlLULvE  Ferrt  Iod'idi,  Pills  of  Iodide  of  iron. 
(Ferri  sulphat.  ^J  ;  Potass,  iodid.  "^W;' trac/cf. 
canth.  pulv.  gr.  x;  sacchar.  \)Vi\y.^ss.  Beat  with 
syrup  into  a  mass,  to  form  40  pilfs.—  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  one  tt)  three  where  a  tonic  and  eutrophic 
is  indicated. 

PiLUL.E  Ferri  cum  Myrrha,  P.  Ferri  compo- 
sitaj. 

Pilule  Ferri  Sulpha'tis,  Pills  of  Sulphate 
of  Iron.  (Ferri  sulph.  exsicc.  p.  i j  ;  Ext.  Taroxac. 
p.  v;  Conserv.  Posw  p.  ij  ;  Gly'cyrrhiz.  pulv.  p. 
iij- — Ph-  E.)     Dose,  gr.  v  to  gr.  xx. 

Pn,UL.«  FcETiDyE.  P.  galbani  composite. 
P1HIL.E  Gal'basi  Compos'it.15,  p.  assafcetidce 
compos' itee  sea  fe'tidee  seu  gummo'sas  seu  e  gnmmi 
seu  antiipas'ticcR  seu  antihyster'ica:  seu  murrhm 
compos'itcB,  Compound  gal'bannm  pill.  Gum  pill. 
(Galhan.,  myrrhcR,  aa  .^^vj  ;  assafietidce,  X\\\ 
syrup,  q.  s.  to  form  240  pills.— Ph.  U.  S.)  Anti- 
spasmodic  and  emmenagogue.  Dose  "t.  x  to 
XX.  '   "  ' 

Pilule:  Gummi.  P.  galbani  compositre  — p. 
Gummi  guttaj  aloeticae,  P.  cambogire  coinpositje 
—  p.  Gummosa;,  P.  galbani  compositre— p.  do 
Gutta  gamandra,  P.  cambogiio  composiftfi. 

PiLUL.*:  EX  IIelleb'ouo  et  MyrriiA,  p.  ton'. 
ic(B,  Backer's  pills,  Tonic  pills  of  Jiarher,  Pills 
of  hellebore  and  myrrh.  (Ext.  helleb.  nir,., 
myrrh,  na.  ^}  ;  fol.  cardui  benedict,  in  pulv. 
3"J-     M.  —  Ph.  P.)      Tonic  and  emmenagogue. 


PILUL.E 


716 


PILUL.E 


In  dropsical,  cutaneous,  and  verminous  .affections. 
Dose,  gr.  iv  to  gr.  viij. 

Matthewn's  pills,  —  Starkey'ii  pills,  are  formed 
of  rad.  helleb.  in'yr.,  rad.  (fli/c;/rrh.,  snpou.  Cnstlll.., 
rud.  c  11  re II III cp,  opii  piirif.,  syrup,  croei,  aa  ^iv; 
ol.  tereb.  q.  s.  ut  fiat  iiiassa.  —  Gray. 

Pha'l.e  HYnrtAGOG.E,  P.  cambogias  composita; 
— p.  llydra.jrogifi  Bontii,  Pilulas  aloes  et  cauibogiii?. 

Pilule  IIyduar'gyki,  P.  merciiria'lts,  Mer- 
ciirial  or  Blue  pill,  (F.)  Pilules  de  Mercure. 
{Hydrnrrj.  purif.  ^j  ;  conf.  routs,  ,^'SS;  glyeyrrh. 
pulv.  5ss.  Rub  the  quicksilver  with  the  confec- 
tion, until  the  globules  disap[)ear;  then  add  the 
liquorice  powder,  and  bent  the  whole  into  a  uniform 
mass,  to  be  divided  into  480  pills. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Anti- 
syphilitic  ;  mercurial  ; — in  large  doses,  purgative. 

A  purgative  pill,  much  prescribed  by  Mr.  Aber- 
nethy,  and  called  Ahemethy's  pill,  consisted  of 
]iiL  hydrarcj.  gr.  x;  j"l(tp.  pulv.  gr.  xx  ;  syrup, 
rliamui,  q.  s.  ut  fiant  pil.  vj.  Two  were  given  at 
night,  and  the  next  morning  a  wineglassful  of 
iiifiisum  eeuiicB. 

PiLUL^E  Hydratigyri  Chloridi  et  Opii,  P. 
Caloinelanos  et  Opii. 

PiLt'L/E  Hydrah'gyri  Ciilo'ridi  Mitis,  Pills 
of  mild  chloride  of  merruri/,  Cal'mnel  pills.  {Hy- 
drurg.  cldorid.  mit.  .^.-is  ;  acacits,  in  pulv.  5J  > 
syriq).  q.  s.  ut  fiant  pU.  240.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  Each 
jiill  contains  one  grain. 

PlLUL.15      DE      HvmiARGYRO,      ScAMMO'NIO      ET 

Aloe,  vulgo  Merctria'les,  (F.)  Pilules  Jlfer- 
ciirielles  ou  de  Mercure,  Scnmmoiiee  et  Aloes, 
{flydrnrg,  purif.  ^j  ;  mellis,  ,^xj.  Rub  until  the 
globules  disappear;  then  fuliX  nloes  Soent.,  scarn- 
iiion.  0.0,  t^\y,  mitcis,  ciiiiiam.  &T\,  "^Vy  Make  into 
a  mass. — Ph.  P.)  Uses,  same  as  the  last,  but 
they  are  more  purgative.  Dose,  gr.  viij  to  xxx. 
These  pills  are  nearly  the  same  as  the  Pastilles 
de  Renniulot. 

PiLUL/E  KX  IIyduargyro  Muriatico  miti  cum 
SiTLPHUHE  Stibiato  Aurantiaco,  Pilulae  hydrar- 
gyri  submurialis  composita;. 

PlLUL/E  HYnUARGYRI  SlIBMURIATIS  CoMPOS- 
ITIF.,  P.  f.x  slib'io  et  liydrar'gyro  seu  antiherpet'- 
iece  seu  ex  liijilrargyro  muriut'ico  miti  cum  sul'- 
phure  stibia'to  auriiintidco  seu  resolveii'tes  cum 
merciirio  seu  depuraiites  .seu  hydrnrgyri  submii- 
liiitis,  Pilulm  Hydrar'gyri  chlor'idi  compo'sitce, 
Pilid<B  rnhiiiiel'nuos  compos' it <B,  Coiiipouud  Calo- 
omel  pill,  Coiiipound  pills  of  siibmiiriate  of  mer- 
cury, Udlitmel pills,  Plummer' spills,  liedpill.  (Hy- 
driirg.  subiiiiir.,  antimon.  sulphur,  precipitnt.  sing. 
,-?'J  )■  gu'iiiic.  gum,  resin,  coiitrit.  ^\v  ;  spirit  rect. 
^^s.  Beat  together.  —  Ph.  L.)  Mercurial,  and 
reputed  to  be  diaphoretic  and  alterative.  Dose, 
gr.  V  to  X. 

^Lake's  pilulfi  saliUa'ria  resembles  these.  It 
is  used  in  syphilis. 

PlHII,.«  lIVDIlAItGYRI  SlIBMURIATIS  ET  OpiI, 
P.  Caloinelanos  et  Opii. 

PiLUL.*:  Ipecacuan'iIjE  et  Opii,  Pills  of  Ipecn- 
cuaiiha  nnd  Opium.  (Piilr.  /pecnc.et  Opii,  p.  iij ; 
Vonserv.  ItosoB,  p.  j. — Ph.  E.)  One  grain  of  opium 
in  about  thirteen  grains. 

VihVhM  Ipecacuan'h.e  cum  Scilla,  Pills  of 
Ipecacuanha  with  Squill.  (Pulv.  Ipecac,  comp. 
,^'ij  ;  ScillcB  pulv.,  Ammoniac,  in  pulv.  aa  ^j  > 
Theriac.  q.  s. — Ph.  L.)     Dose,  gr.  v  to  S. 

PiluLjB  Mbrcuriales.  p.  hydrargyri.  P.  de 
hydrargyro,  scammonio  et,  nloe — p.  Doctoris  Mor- 
ton, P.  balsamicie — p.  Myrrhae  compositae,  P. 
GMlhani  coinposUae. 

Pilule  0e>ia't^,  PHuIcb  Opii  (Ph.  U.  S.),  P. 
Theba' ic(E,  Opiate  pills.  Common  night  pills.  Ano- 
dyne pills,  (Prov.)  Squatting  pills,  Nepen'thes 
ot)ia'tum,  (F.)  Pilules  opiacees.  (Opii  pulv. 
^] ;  sapoii.  gr.  xi.i  ;  to  be  made  into  60  pills. — Ph. 
tJ.  S.)     Each  pill  contains  a  grain  of  opium. 

Pilule  de  Extuacto  Opii,  P.  de  cynoglosso 


—  p.  ex  Oxido  stibii  et  hydrnrgyri  sulphureto 
nigro  composita?,  Piluhe  antiscro|)hulosao. 

Pii.uLi*:  Plumbi  Oima't^,  O'jdate  J'ills  of 
Lead.  (Plumb,  acelat.,  p.  vj  ;  Opii,  p.  j  ;  Con- 
serv.  Rosa,  p.  j.  To  be  made  into  four  grain 
pills. — Ph.  E.)  Each  pill  contains  three  grniiia 
of  acetate  of  lead. 

PiLui.*  Resolvkntes  cum  Mercuiuo,  P.  hy- 
drargyri  submuriatis  compos. — p.  de  Rhabarl)aro, 
Pilulae  rhei  composita;. 

The  stomachic  nostrum,  sold  under  the  name 
of  Moseley'e  pills,  consists  merely  of  rhubarb  and 
ginger. 

Pilule  Qui'ni.e  Sulpha'tis,  Pills  of  sulphate 
of  qiiiiiia.  (Qiiin.  sulph.  ^y,  aracice,  in  pulv. 
jij  ;  mel.  q.  s.  ut  fiant  pilulae  480.  —  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Each  pill  contains  a  grain  of  the  sulphate  of 
quinia. 

PiluLjE  RheJ,  Pills  of  Rhubarb.  (Rhej  pulv, 
3;vj;  saponis,  ,^ij.  M.  et  fiant  pil.  120.  —  Ph.  U. 
S.)     Each  pill  contains  throe  grains  of  rhubarb. 

A  good  dinner  or  stomachic  jiill  is  made  of 
Rhej  pulv.  ,!^ij  ;  Capsic.  pulv.  gj  ;  make  into  a 
mass  with  molasses,  and  divide  into  60  pills. 
Dose,  two  or  three  before  dinner. 

PiluLjE  Rhei  Compos'iTjE,  P.  de  Rhahar'bnm, 
Compound  rhubarb  jjills.  (Rhei,  pulv.  ,^j  :  aloes, 
pulv.  3^'j  ;  myrrh,  pulv.  3'v;  ol,  mehthcBpip.  fj.ss. 
Beat  into  a  mass,  with  syrup  of  orange-peel,  to 
form  240  pills. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Laxative  and  sto- 
maohic.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  xx. 

PiLUi.vE  RiiE.1  ET  Ferri,  Pills  of  Rhubarb  and 
Troll.  (Ferri  sulph.  exsiccat.  p.  iv ;  £xt.  Rhej,  p.  x  ; 
Conserv.  Rosa-.,  p.  v.  Make  into  five  grain  pill.s.) 
Dose,  as  a  tonic  and  laxative,  two  or  three  pills. 

Griffitt's  pills,  so  called  after  Dr.  S.  P.  Orifiitt?, 
of  Philadelphia,  who  prescribed  them  as  a  toiiio 
aperient,  were  formed  as  follows: — Rhej,  pulv. 
I^iss;  ferri  sulph.  ^ss ;  saponis,  Qu  j  aqua',  q.  s. 
ut  fiat  massa  in  pil.  xl  dividenda.  Dose,  three  or 
four  at  bedtime. 

Pilule  Run,  P.  aloes  et  myrrhae  —  p.  .Salu- 
taria3,  Leake's,  see  Pilulae  hydrargyri  submuriatis 
compositae  —  p.  Saponaceae,  P.  saponis  cum  opio 

—  p.  Saponis  compositae,  P.  saponis  cum  o])io. 

PiLUL.E  SaPO'nIS  ComPOS'iTvE,  P.  Sapona'cea 
seu  sapo'nis  compos'ita;.  Pills  of  soap  and  opium, 
(F.)  Pilules  de  savon  et  d'opiiim.  (Opii,  ^ss; 
sapon.  ^\j.  M. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Five  grains  contain 
one  of  opium. 

The  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States  has  a 
form  for  the  PIlulcB  opii.  Opium  pills,  as  well  as 
for  the  PiluleB  sajionis  compos i t m  ;  the  only  differ- 
ence between  them  being  in  the  proportion  of  the 
ingredients.     See  Pilulse  opiatap. 

Pilule  e  Soim.a,  P.  scillae  compositra. 

Pilulae  Scill.e  Compos'ita,  P.  seillit'icm  seu 
scillcB  cum  zingib'ere  seu  e  seilld,  Comjxjund  squill 
pill.  (ScillcE,  pulv.  J5J  ;  zingib.  pulv.,  ammoniac. 
pulv.  aa  ^ij  ;  saponis,  2[iij  ;  syrup,  q.  s.  ut  fiant 
pil.  120.  — Ph.  U.  S.)  'Dose,  two  pills.  Expec- 
torant and  diuretic.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  xx. 

PiLi!L^  Scn.L.E  CUM  ZixciBERE,  P.  scillaB  com- 
positae — p.  Scillitieae,  P.  scilhe  compositae — p.  ex 
Stibio  et  hydrargyro,  P.  hydrargyri  subinur.com- 
pos.  —  p.  Stomachicae,  P.  aloes  et  kinae  kina;. 

PiLUL/E  Strych'him,  Pills  of  Strychnia.  (Very 
pure  strychnine,  2  gr.  ;  conserve  of  roses,  Jss. 
Make  into  24  pills.)     One  or  two  for  a  dose. 

Pilule  Sty'racis,  P.  S.  Compos'ita:,  Siorax 
Pills.     (Slyracis  pur.  ^vi ;  opii,  croei,  sing.  JJij. 

—  Ph.  E.)     Five  grains  contain  one  of  opium. 
Pilule  Sublingualrs,  Ilypoglottidcs. 
PiLUL/E   DE    TRREBIN'TniNA,    Turpentine  Pills. 

Made  of  turpentine  boiled  in  3  times  its  weight 
of  water,  until,  when  thrown  into  cold  water,  it 
forms  a  soft  paste,  which  has  the  properties  of 
turpentine,  and  has  been  administered  in  gleet,  <fcc. 


riLULAR 


17 


PINEA 


PiLn^.i?  Thi:b,\ic.e,  P.  opiataj  —  p.  TonicjE,  P. 
ex  IIellel)c)r()  et  iiivrrh^. 

PrL'lir.AR,  I'iUln'rh,  (F.)  Pilnlaire,  from 
j)lli(l(t,  'a  |(ill.'  Relating  to  pills, — as  'apiliilar 
mass,'  'piht/iir  form,'  <fec. 

PILULES,  Pilul8B — p.  Agrffjntives,  see  Aggre- 
gate— /).  (V Aloes  ou  aloetiqiten,  Pilulas  aloeticiB — 
p.  d'Aiiiiiiiiniure  de  cuivi-e,  Pilulae  ammoniureti 
cupri — p.  de  lidrhier,  see  Pilulne  Aloos  et  kinae 
kina! — p.  Iihiite»  de  Fuller,  Pilulse  de  aloe  et 
foelidis— /).  CochieH,  Pilulye  aloes  et  colocynthidis 
—p.  de  JJiichemie,  see  PiluliB  Aloes  et  kina;  kinse 
— p.  ds  Fer  componeet,  Pilulai  ferri  eotnposita;  — 
p.  Fo-ruijinciiieH  dc  Vullct,  see  Ferri  protocarbo- 
nas — p.  O'oitimandes,  Pilulae  aloes  et  kinae  kinsB 
—  p.  hidieiinea  stomachiques  de  Delacroix,  see 
Pilulae  aloes  et  kinoo  kinae  —  p.  de  Lartlyne,  Pill, 
Lartigue's — /).  de  jrerciire,  Pilule  hydrargyri — p. 
de  Mercure,  <fcc.,  PiluliB  do  hydrargyro,  et  scam- 
monio  et  aloe — p.  Mercurielles,  Piluhe  de  hydrar- 
gyro, scammonio  et  aloe  —  p.  Opiacees,  Pilulce 
opifttae — ;).  Punchi/mngognei.  Pilulae  aloes  et  colo- 
cynthidis — }>•  '^^  Savon  et  d' Opium,  Pilulae  saponis 
cum  opio — p.  Univeraelhs,  Pilulae  aloes  et  colo- 
cynthidis. 

PILULTER  (¥.),  Pill  Machine.  An  instrument 
for  rolling  and  dividing  pills.  Also  the  earthen 
pot  in  which  pills  are  preserved. 

PILUAI,  Pistil'liis,  PixtiUum,  Ih/p'eros,  Cer'. 
cit,  (F.)  Pilon.  A  pestle.  A  wooden,  iron,  bell- 
metal,  marble,  agate,  porcelain,  or  glass  instrument 
for  beating  or  dividing  substances  in  a  mortar. 

A   sprimj  penile    is    one    attached    above  to  a 
spring,  so  as  to  take    off  the  weight,  and    thus 
lessen  the  labour  of  pounding. 
PILUS,  Capillus,  Caul,  Hair. 
PIMELE.  Fat. 

PIMKLECCIiySIS,  Pimelorrhoca. 
PIMKLICUS,  Fatty. 

PIMELI'TIS,  from  TuyttU,  Tat,'  and  ills,  de- 
noting inflammation.     Inflammation  of  the  adi- 
pous  tissue. 
PIMELODES,  Fatty. 

PIMELO'MA,  from  iriuiXr,,  'fat.'  A  fatty 
swelling. 

PIMELORRHCE'A,  Pin,elcr'c7,,/si^,  from 
iri/itXi;,  'fat.'  and  pew,  'I  flow.'  A  morbid  dis- 
charge or  disappearance  of  fat. 

PIMELORTJIOPN(E'A.  Piorthopnoe'a  ;  from 
riucXr),  'fat,'  op9of,  'upright,'  and  vveciv,  'to 
breathe.'  Dyspnoea,  practicable  only  in  the  erect 
attitude,  owing  to  fat. 

PIMETjO'SIS,  Obes'itas  nim'ia,  from  tti/hcXi;, 
'fat.'  Conversion  into,  or  formation  of,  fat,  —  as 
Pimclo'sia  hepat'ica,  'fatty  degeneration  of  the 
liver.' 

PiMELOsis  IIepatica,  Adiposis  hcpatica — p. 
Nimia,  see  Polysarcia. 

PI.V/i.YT,  Capsicum  annuum — p.  d'Ean,  Poly- 
gonum hydropiper — p.  Roijal,  Myrica  gale. 
PIMEXTA,  see  Myrtus  pimenta. 
PIMEXT.E  BACC/E,  see  Myrtus  pimenta. 
PIMEXTO.  see  Myrtus  pimenta. 
PIMPERXEL,   BLUE,  Scutellaria  lateriflora 
—p.  Red,  .'Vnagallis — p.  Scarlet,  Anagallis  arven- 
Si." — p.  W.itor,  Veronica  beccabunga. 
PIMITEIM,  Piper  lon-um. 
PIMPINEL,  {hipinella  or  hipennula,  from  the 
doiilile  pennate  order  of  its  leaves,)  see  Pimpinella. 
PiMiTNKr,  Itai.iav.  Sangiiisorba  officinalis. 
PIMPrXEM.A  ALB.a',  p.  sa.xifraga  — p.  An- 
gelicicf'olia.  Ligusdcuiii  ]>odagraria. 

Pimi'IVRL'la  ANi'.siTjf,  Aiiiae  plant,  Aninnm 
(Ph.  U.  S.),  A.  ofiiciiin'le  seu  vnlr/a're  Siaon  ani'- 
sum,  A'piiim  nni'sum,  Soln'men  inteatino'rtim,  Ane'- 
ii'in,  (F.)  Ania,  lioncar/e  n„ia.  Ord.  Umhelliferfe. 
Spx.  Si/st.  Pcntnndria  Digynia.  A  native  of 
Egypt.    The  seeds,  Ani'anm,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Scm'ina 


Aiii'ai,  An'iaeed,  (Old  Eng.)  Aneya,  have  an  aro- 
matic  odour;  and  a  sweetish,  warm,  grateful 
taste.  They  are  carminative,  and  used  in  dyspep- 
sia and  in  tormina  of  infants.  Dose,  gr.  xv  to 
3J,  bruised.  The  oil,— Or.KiM  Axi'si,  (F.)  Hui/e 
d'ania—\s  officinal.  Dose,  ^tt.  v  to  xv.  Most  of 
the  oil  used  in  this  country  under  the  name  of 
Oil  of  Aniae  is  said  to  be  obtained  from  lUicium 
Aitisatinn. 

Aqnn  ani'ai,  Aniae  water,  (Ph.  D.)  is  made  by 
mixing  a  fluidounce  of  eaaence  of  aniae,  with  half 
a  gallon  (Imp.  moas.)  of  diatilled  water,  and  fil- 
tering through  paper. 

PiMPiNKi,i,A,  Grkatkr,  p.  magna— p.  Ilircina, 
P.  Saxifraga  —  p.  Laterifolia,  Sion  ainmi. 

Pimpin'f.l'la  Magna  seu  nigra  seu  major  seu 
rvbra  ;  Greater  Pimpinel'la  ;  tragoaeli'nnm  maq. 
num  seu  majiia,  Daucna,  Ci/an'opna,  (F.)  Bovca'ge 
niajeiir.  The  root  has  been  extolled  as  diuretic 
and  resolvent,  as  well  as  in  erysipelatous  ulcera- 
tions, tinea  capitis,  rheumatism,  Ac. 

PiMPiNKu.A  Ma.;or,  p.  magna  — p.  Nigra,  P. 
magna  — p.  Nostras,  P.  saxifraga  — p.  Officinalis, 
Sanguisorba  officinalis  — p.  Rubra.  P.  ma^na. 

PiMPlNELI.A  Saxif'raGA,  Sax'i/rage,  ^Burnet 
aax'ifrage,  Pote'rinm  aanguiaor'ha,  Sorbaafrel'la, 
Tragoaeli'nnm,  T.  aaxif'ragn,  Pimpinel'la  hirci'na 
seu  nnihellif'era  seu  alba  seu  voalraa,  (P.)  Bon- 
cage  m incur.  Petit  li.,  Pimprenetle,  Rompt-pierre. 
The  toot  has  an  unpleasant  smell,  and  hot.  pun- 
gent, bitterish  taste.  It  has  been  recommended 
as  a  stomachic, ■  and  as  a  stimulating  gargle  in 
paralysis  of  the  tiin<rue. 

PiMPiNKLi.A   Umbklmfera,  P.  saxifra^a 

PIMPLE.  Papula. 

PIMPLED.  Papulose. 

PIMPREXELLE,  Pimpinella  saxifraga— p. 
Noire.  Saiiffuisiirba  officinalis. 

PIN.  Perhaps  from  pmnum,  low  Latin:  or 
frotn  apina  [?].^Spina  fer'rca,  Spi'nula,  Acna 
capita' ta,  (F. )  Epingle.  An  iron  or  brass  instru- 
ment, generally  of  a  small  size,  pointed  at  one 
extremity,  and  having  a  head  at  the  other.  It  is 
used,  in  Surgery,  to  fix  rollers  and  dressings; 
and  occiisi<innIlv  in  sutures. 

PI\  A^ND  WEB.  Caligo.      ' 

PIN  A   PiaSON,  see  Pinus  pieea. 

PIXASTELLUM,  Peucedanura. 

PIXASTEK,  Pinus  sylvcslris. 

PIXBOXE.  L-chi-.n. 

PINCE.  Forceps  —  p.  <t  Annennx,  see  Forceps 
— p.  a  Diasection.  see  Forceps^p.  <?  Ligatnre,  see 
Forceps-;).  Lilhodraaaiqne,  see  Lithodrasiic— ju. 
Panacin'-nl.  see  Forceps. 

PINCE.  Pinched. 
PTNCKE,  Pugillus. 
PINCERS.  Forceps. 
PfNCETTE.  Forceps. 

PINCHED,  (iu'frac'tna.  Rctrac'tiia.  (T.)  Pinrf, 

Grippf.     An  epithet  applied   to  the  face,  when 
the  feiitures  are  contracted  orshrunken  :  as  in  vio- 
lent abdominal  nffectioiis  or  during  intense  pain 
PINCKXEY'A    PUBEXS.    P.    P„bc,'ceua, 

Georgia  Rark,  Bitter  Bark.  Florida  Bark.  Fcrcr 
tree.  This  bark  has  been  used  in  Georgia  in  the 
cure  of  intermittents,  and  successfully.  It  is  a 
powerful  bitter.     Dose  of  the  powder,^). 

PIXDARS.  Araehis  Hypogea. 

PIXE  APPLE.  Bromelia  ananas  — p.  Apher- 
nousli,  Pinus  ceinbra  —  p  Ground.  Lycopodium 
complanatuin  —  p.  Ground,  stinking,  Camphoros- 
ma  Monspeliaea — p.  Loblolly.  Pinus  ta>da — p. 
Mountain,  see  Pinus  mushos  —  p.  Mu:rho,  see 
Pinus  nuighos  —  p.  Prince's,  Pyrola  umbellnta  — 
p.  Sap.  American,  Hypopitys  lanuirinosa — p. 
Stone,  Pinus  pinea  —  p.  Sugar,  see  Arrow  Root 
—  p.  Yellow.  Pinus  pahistris. 

PINEA,  Pinus  pinea. 


PINEAL 


718 


PINUS   MUGIIOS 


PINE'AL,    Pine't'lis,   from    pinus,    'a    pine.' 
That  which  resembles  a  pine-apple. 

PiNKAL  Glamd,  O'lKiiiliiln  piiieti'lh,  Cerebral 
epiph'ynU,  Cona'rium,  ConnVdes  corpus,  Corjms 
(itrbiiin'tum,  Penis  seu  Virgci  seu  Turbo  cerebri, 
is  a  small  body,  of  a  conical  shape;  pale  red  or 
grayish  colour;  and  soft  censistence;  situate  be- 
ttt'een  the  fornix  and  the  tubercula  quadrigemina. 
It,  almost  always  contains  sabulous  particles, 
Snh'idum  coiia'rii.  Brain  Sand,  Piiie'al  Sand. 
AVlien  these  are  grouped  together  over  the  base 
of  the  gland,  they  form  the  Acer'vidns  Cer'ebri 
of  Scimmering,  Acer'vidi  seu  LnplVli  glnn'dida 
pinea'Us.  From  its  anterior  parts  arise  two  me- 
dullary striffi,  which  proceed  over  the  posterior 
commissure;  coast  along  the  optic  thalami,  and 
unite  at  the  anterior  pillar  of  the  fornix,  —  the 
JIiibe'iicR,  Hdben'ula:  or  reins  of  llie  pineal  </liind 
— Peduncidi  cona'rii,  see  Peduncles  of  the  Pineal 
Gland. 

The  uses  of  the  pineal  gland  are  unknov^n. 
Descartes  supposed  it  to  be  the  seat  of  the  soul ! 

PiNKAL  Sand,  see  Pineal  gland. 

PINEI,  see  Pinus  pinea. 

PINEOLI,  see  Pinus  pinea. 

PINE  US  PURGANS,  Jatropha  curcas. 

PINEWEED,  Hypericum  sarothra. 

PIN(ilUEC'ULA,  Ptenjij'inm  pin</ue  seu  lar- 
d(('ceiim,  from  pingnis,  'fat,'  'fatty.'  A  small, 
whitish-yellow  tumour  in  the  sclerotic  conjunc- 
tiva and  subjacent  areolar  tissue,  close  to  the 
margin  of  the  cornea  on  its  nasal  or  temporal 
side ;  so  called  from  its  being  supposed,  but  erro- 
necmsly,  to  be  of  a  fatty  nature. 

PINGUEDO,  Fat  — p.  Renalis,  Nephridion. 

PINGUIC'ULA  VULGA'RIS,  {pingnis,  'fat,') 
P.  alpi'na,  Snnic'uJn  monta'na  seu  Ehoracen'sis, 
Vi'ola  pnlas'tris,  Dodecath'eon  Plin'ii,  lliitter- 
wort,  Yorkshire  San'icle.  Ord.  Lentibulaceaj. 
Sex.  Si/sf.  Diandria  Monogynia.  The  unctuosity 
of  this  plant  has  caused  it  be  applied  to  chaps, 
and  as  a  pomatum  to  the  hair.  Decoctions  of  the 
leaves,  in  broths,  are  used  by  the  common  paople 
in  Wales  as  a  cathartic. 

PINGUID,  Fatty. 

PINGUIDINOUS,  Fatty. 

PINGUIN,  Bromelia  pinguin. 

PINGUITUDO,  Polysarcia  adiposa. 

PINHOLE  PUPIL,  see  Pupil,  pinhole. 

PINHONES  INDICI,  Jatropha  curcas. 

PINK,  CAROLINA,  Spigelia  Marilandica. 

Pink  Dye.  Stripped  snfflowcr,  3J,  subcarb.  of 
potass,  gr.  xviij,  spirit  of  ivine,  3^''j  i  ^ligest  for 
two  hours;  add  distilled  water,  ^iy,  digest  for 
two  hours  more,  and  add  distilled  vinegar  or 
lemon  juice  q.  s.,  to  reduce  it  to  a  fine  rose-colour. 
Used  as  a  cosmetic. 

Pink,  Ground,  Silene  Virginiea  —  p.  Indian, 
Spigelia  Marilandica  —  p.  Wild,  Silene  Virginiea. 

PINKROOT,  Spigelia  marilandica — p.  Deme- 
rura,  Spigelia  anthelmia. 

PINNA,  Ala,  Pavilion  of  the  ear — p.  Marina, 
see  Bissus. 

PINNACULUM  FORNICIS  GUTTURALIS, 
Uvula. 

PINNtE  HEPATIS,  Lobes  of  the  liver  — p. 
Karis,  see  Nasus. 

PINNULA,  Aileron. 

PINNULE  IIEPATIS,  Lobes  of  the  liver. 

PINO'LI  (S.)-  A  preparation  used  for  subsist- 
ence on  long  journeys  in  the  West.  It  is  parched 
corn,  beaten  or  ground  very  fine,  and  sweetened 
with  sugar,  to  be  used  with  water,  and  drunk  on 
the  march.  It  is  the  cold  flour  of  the  Indians, 
and  early  Western  pioneers. 

PINONCILLO  TREE,  Castiliognia  lobata. 

PINSWEAL,  Furunculus. 

PINT,  Octarius. 


PINTA,  from  (S.)  pintar,  'to  paint.'  Pine 
stain:  a  disease,  which  is  said  to  prevail  in  Mex- 
ico, and  to  be  a  variety  of  Pityriasis  versicolor. 

PINUS  A'BIES.  P.  excel' s'a  seu  pice',,,  A'bies, 
A.  rubra  seu  exeetsn  seu  )>icea,  El'ate  ihelei'a, 
Pice'a,  Noricat/  S/ir  ice  Fir,  Yew-leared  Fir. 
Nat.  Ord.  Conifenv.  Sex.  Si/st.  Mona'cia  Monn- 
delphia.  The  tops  are  used  in  making  Suruce 
Beer. 

Essence  of  Spruce,  Esaen'tia  Abie'tis,  is  a  fluid 
extract,  prepared  by  decoction  from  the  twigs  of 
this  species  of  fir.  From  this  is  made  Spruce 
Beer. 

This  fir  afibrds  the  Burgundy  pitch  and  com- 
mon frankincense.  1.  Pur'gundi/  or  White  pitch, 
Pix  Burguii'dica  seu  alba  seu  ar'ida  seu  nhieli'na 
seu  abie'tis  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Resi'ua  abie'tis  hn'mida, 
K.  alba  hnmida,  Pini  abie'tis  resina  spunte  con- 
cre'ta,  (F.)  Poix  blanche  ou  grasse  ou  jaune  ou 
de  Bonrgogne.  This  prej)ared  concrete  juice  is 
of  a  close  consistence,  rather  soft,  of  a  reddish- 
brown  colour,  and  not  unpleasant  smell.  It  is 
very  adhesive  to  the  skin ;  and,  consequently, 
forms  excellent  plasters  for  remaining  upon  tlie 
part  for  some  time  ;  —  as  in  cases  of  airectioiis  of 
the  chest.  2.  Abie'tis  Resi'na  (Ph.  L.  since 
1809),  Common  Frankincense,  Perrosin,  Thus, 
Th.  foemini'num  seu  vulga're,  Olib'annm  vidgare. 
seu  sylves'tre,  Pesina  abietis  sicca.  Resin  of  the 
Sjirnce  Fir.  It  is  solid,  dry,  brittle ;  externally, 
brownish-yellow ;  internally,  whitish.  Used  in 
plasters  like  the  last. 

Pinus  Abiks,  see  P.  pieea  —  p.  Alba,  P.  pioca. 

Pinus  Balsamb'a,  A'biee  balsame'n  seu  Iml- 
samij'era,  Peu'cea  balsame'a.  Balsam  fir.  The 
tree  which  affords  the  Canada  Balsam,  Balsnmum 
Canaden'se  seu  de  Can'ada,  Resina  strobili'va, 
Terebinth'ina  Canaden'sis  seu  Pi}ii  bul same' m, Ca- 
nada Turpentine  or  Balsam.  Balsam  of  Fir,  (F.) 
Baume  de  Canada,  is  one  of  the  purest  turi)en- 
tines.  It  has  the  common  properties  of  those 
substances. 

Pinus  Canaden'sis,  Abies  Canaden'sis,  Jfcm- 
lock.  Hemlock.  Spruce.  A  tree,  which  is  abundant 
in  Canada,  Nova  Scotia,  and  the  more  northern 
parts  of  New  England,  and  is  found  in  the  ele- 
vated and  mountainous  regions  of  the  Middle 
States.  The  pitch — Pix  Canadensis,  Canada 
Pitch,  Hemlock  Pitch  —  obtained  from  it  is  com- 
monly known  under  the  name  Hendock  Gum. 

Pinus  Candicans,  P.  Picea. 

Pinus  Cesibra,  P.  Monta'na,  Aphernons'lt 
Pine.  It  yields  an  agreeably  scented  turpen- 
tine:— tiie  ('arpa'thian  Balsam,  Bal'sumnm  Car- 
path'  icnm  seu  Lil/'ani,  Carpath'ieum,  Rriau<;on 
Tur'jientine.  The  nuts,  Cembro  nuts,  Nu'clei  Cem- 
brce,  have  an  eatable  kernel,  and  yield  oil.  The 
shoots  yield  Riga  Balsam  by  distillation. 

Pinus  Damar'ra,  Ag'athis  Damarra,  grows  in 
the  East  India  Islands.  The  juice  speedily  con- 
cretes into  a  very  hard  resin, — the  Bamarra  tur- 
pentine. 

Pinus  Excelsa,  P.  abies — p.  Gallica,  P.  picca. 

Pinus  Larix,  A'bies  larix,  Larix,  L.  commn'- 
nis  seu  decid'ua  seu  Europa'n  seu  pi/rumida'lis. 
The  Larch,  (F.)  Melize.  From  this  tree  exudes 
Or' emberg  gum,  Bri'a)ti;rm  manna,  Gumiiii  lar  icis 
seu  Oremburgen'se  seu  Uralen'se,  Manna  Rrigan- 
ti'na  seu  larice'a.  It  also  yields,  by  boring.  Com- 
mon Venice  Turpentine,  Resina  Lnr'icis,  Terebin- 
thina  Ven'eta  seu  larici'na,  Pini  Lar'icis  rrei'na 
liq'uida,  (F.)  TSrebenthine  de  Veuise  ou  de  M(- 
leze.  It  is  usually  thinner  than  the  other  sorts 
of  turpentine. 

Pinus  Mughos.  The  Mountain  or  Mugho  Pine, 
Pinus  Pumil'io.  From  the  extremities  of  the 
branches  exudes  the  Resi'na  Strobili'na,  of  the 
Germans,  or  Hungarian  Balsam.  It  is  also  ob- 
tained, by  expression,  from  the  cones.    By  dis- 


PINUS   PALUSTRIS  719 

tillatioi),  the  Ilunfjarian  balsam  affurda  the  Krum- 
hiitz  oil,  Oleum  Tonpliiium. 

PiNUs  Paliistris,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

PiNUS  Pick'a,  /'.  Alnen,  A'bies,  A.  pice'n  seu 
jiecliiKi't't  seu  Gtil'lica  seu  (tlliu  seu  cnii'dictuis 
Ht'U  viilr/it'n's  seu  tiijri/o'lia,  Eiiiopenii  Hih-er  Fir 
Tree,  El'iite,  (F.)  Supiii  commiiii.  By  piercing 
the  tubercles  of  the  bark  of  tliis  tir,  the  Strnnbiny 
Tuipetitinc  is  obtained:  —  the  Resi'na  Abie' tin 
(Ph.  L.  before  1809),  Oleum  Abietin,  Terebinth' iua 
Aryentoniteii'gia. 

PiNcs  Pinaster,  see  P.  sylvestris. 

PiNliS  Pi'nea.  Stone  Pine,  Pinea,  Phnm,  P. 
vher'rima  seu  soti'vci.  The  nuts,  Zirbel  nuts, 
J'ine  nutu,  Nu'dei  Pi'nea,  Pinei,  Pine'oli,  (F.) 
Pin  (1  piynoiiH,  are  eaten  raw,  or  preserved  like 
almonds.     They  are,  also,  used  in  emulsions. 

Pinus  Pumilio,  see  Pinus  Mughos  —  p.  Sativa, 
P.  pinea. 

Pinus    Sylves'this,    Pinna'ter,   Pence,   Scotch 
Fir.     This    pine,   as   well    as    P.    marit'ima    {P. 
J'iiKister),   and   other  species    of  Pinus,    affords 
coiniiion   turpentine  and  its   oil,  resin,  tar,  and 
pitch.     1.    Common    Turpentine  of  Europe,   Tcre- 
hiulh'inii,  T.  vuhpt'ria  seu  commu'nis,  lieaina  piiii, 
Jlijon,^  Horse    Turpentine,   Bordeiiux    Turpentine, 
(F.)  Terfhinthine  de  Bordertujc,  Terebinthine  com- 
mune, is  obtained  by  wounding  the  tree  in  hot 
weather.     It  is  used,  chiefly,  as  a  dressing  for 
wounds,  Ac,  in  horses,  and  for  the  distillation  of 
the  oil,  (see   Oleum   Terebinthinai.)     The  white 
'Turpentine,  or  common  'Turpentine  of  America  — 
Terebinth'ina,   Ph.    U.   S.  —  is    produced    chiefly 
from  Pinus  paluatris.   Yellow  pine,  and  P.  tadn, 
LohloUy  pine,  and  perhaps  from  other  species  in- 
habiting the   Southern   States.     When  the  oil  is 
distilled  with  water,  yellow  resin,  or  Rosin,  {Re- 
ei'na,  Ph.  U.  S.)—liesinn  Jlamt— is  left,  which  is 
only  used   in    the    formation    of  ointments    and 
plasters.    If  without  the  addition  of  water,  the 
residuum     is     common     resin    or    Colophon;/.      2. 
When  the  cold  begins  to  check  the  e.xudation  of 
the  common  turpentine,  part  of  it  concretes  in 
tlie  wounds.     This  is  called,  in  France,  Gallipot, 
Jliirras;  and    White    Rosin,  Rcsina    alba,  when 
liardened  after  long  exposure  to  the  air.    3.  When 
the  old   trees  are  subjected  to  distillation,  in  a 
coarse  manner,  Tar  is   obtained  —  H;/<jropissos, 
Pissa,  Pix  ce'dria  seu  liq'nida,  Resi'na  piui  em- 
pi/reumat'ica    liq'nida,     Terebinth'ina    empt/reu- 
vint'ica.Alchitram,  Alchitu'ra,  Cedria,  {F.)'Gou. 
dron,   0.    v^;/etale,    Poix    Uquide,    Brai    liquide. 
Tar  water.  Aqua  Pice'a  seu  Picis,  In/u'sum  Picis 
liq'nidm  seu  Picis  empijrenmatica  liquidcB,  Po'tio 
pice'a,  (F.)  Eiiit  de  Gondron,  which   is  made  by 
mixing  two  pints  of  tar  with   a  gallon  of  water, 
stirring  with  a  wooden  rod  for  fifteen   minutes, 
and,  when   the  tar  has  subsided,  straining  and 
keeping  in  well  stopped  bottles,  was,  at  one  time, 
a  fashionable  remedy  in   numerous   complaints, 
and  its  use   has  been   revived,  since  its  virtues 
have  been  presumed  to  be  owing  to  creasote.     It 
is  employed  chiefly  in  pulmonary  affections,  and 
the  vapour  has   been   recommended   in   phthisis 
and  other  diseases  of  the  lungs.     It  is  used  ex- 
ternally as  a  detergent.     A   wine  or  beer  of  tar, 
'Tarbeer,  Jcws'brer,  has  been  employed  in   Phila- 
delphia in   similar   cases.     It  may  be  made   by 
adding  to  tar  enough  beer  to  saturate  it.  mix-ing, 
and  allowing  them   to  macerate  for  three   days, 
with  occasional  agitation.     The  dose  is  a  table- 
fpoonful.      4.    Common    Pitch,    Pix    nigra,   Black 
J'ilch,   liurnea,   Bnrnia,   Stone  Pitch,   Pix  siccit, 
P.    atra,    P.    nava'lis,    Zopissa,    Palimpis'sn,    P. 
tir'ida  (Ph.  L.  before  1S09),  (F.)  Poix  navale,  P. 
noire,  is  obtained  by  inspissating  tar.     It  is  used 
only  as  a  resolvent  in  plasters. 
Pinus  T.^da,  see  P.  sylvestris  —  p.  Ta.xifolia, 


riPEROID 


P.  pieea  —  p.  Uberrima,  Pinus  pinea  — p.  Vulga- 
ris, P.  p  cea. 

P/OXE,  PiEonia. 
PIONY,  Pic.nia. 

PIORTHOPNCE.A,  Pimelorthopnwa. 
P/OULQUES(F.).    A  kind  of  sucking-pump, 
invented  by  Louis,  for  extracting  wuter  that  had 
entered  internal   cavities,  in  cases  of  drowning. 
A  useless  instrument. 
PIP,  Syphilis. 

PIPE-PLANT,  Monotropa  uniflora. 
PIPER,  KtTttpi,  see  Pijjcr  nigrum. 
Pll'ER   Album,   Leucop'iper,    White  Pepper,   is 
black  pepper  freed  from  its  cuticle. 

Piper  ANGrsTiFOLUur,  Matico  —  p.  Aromati- 
cum,  P.  nigrum— p.  Betel,  Betel— p.  Brazilianum, 
Ufipsicum  annuum — p.  Calecuticum,  Capsicum 
an  n  num. 

Piper  Capen'se,  a  South  African  species,  has 
all  the  properties  of  the  peppers,  and,  in  appear- 
ance and  taste,  greatly  resembles  cubebs.  It  pos- 
sesses, too,  similar  virtues. 

Piper  CAHYOPHYLLATitM,  see  Myrtus  pimenta 
— p.  Cauda tum,  P.  cubeba— p.  Chiapie,  see  Myr- 
tus pimenta. 

Piper  CcBEb'a,  Perse'u  seu  Laurns  cubeba, 
LitscBn  cubeba  seu  piperi'ta.  Ord.  Piperacea?. 
A  native  of  Java  and  Guinea.  The  odour  of 
these  berries — Cubeba  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Com'j,eper, 
Compel/a,  Vubal  siiii,  Piper  cauda'tum,  Bacca 
Piperis  (/labri,  Cnbcb  or  'Tailed  Pepper,  Cuma'- 
mus,  (F.)  Poivre-d-qneue,  Quabebe — is  aromatic; 
taste  at  first  cooling,  afterwards  pungent.  The 
active  principle  is  an  essential  oil  —  Oleum  Cube- 
ba;, oil  of  cubebs — which  is  officinal  in  the  Pharm. 
U.  S.  The  properties  of  the  cubeb  are  stimulant 
and  purgative.  It  is  used  only  in  gonorrhoea. 
Dose,  from  ^j  to  ^j,  in  powder,  three  or 'four 
times  a  day;   of  the  volatile  oil,  10  or  12  drop.s. 

'  Turkey  i/ellow  berries,' — the  dried  filiit  of  the 
Rhamnus  Calhartictis  —  are  often  substituted  for 
cubebs. 

Piper  Elongatijm,  Matico. 
Piper  Guineense,  Capsicum  annuum — p.  His- 
panicum.  Capsicum  —  p.  Indicum,  Capsicum  an- 
nuum—  p.  Jamaicense,  see  Myrtus  pimenta. 

Piper  Lo.NGUM,  JIacrop'i/jer,  Acnpat'll,  Catu- 
trip'uli,  Pim'pilim,  Chav'icu  Roxburyhii,  Long 
Pepper,  (F.)  Poii-re  long.  As  we  receive  the 
berries,  they  consist  of  the  unripe  fruit  dried  in 
the  sun  ;  and  are  small,  round  grains,  disposed 
spirally  on  a  cylindrical  receptacle.  They  are 
stimulant,  carminative,  and  tonic,  like  the  other 
peppers.     Dose.  gr.  v  to  J^j. 

Piper  Lusitanicum,  Capsicum  annuum  —  p. 
Murale,  Sedum. 

Piper  Metiiisticum,  see  Ava. 
Piper  Nigrum,  Melanop'iper,  Molagoco'di, 
Lada,  Piper  aromat'icum.  Black  Pepper,  (F.) 
Poivre  voir.  Black  pepper.  Piper  (Ph.  U.  S.), 
is  the  unripe  fruit  dried  in  the  sun.  Virtues, 
same  as  those  of  the  other  peppers.  AVhen  freed 
from  its  husk  by  mechanical  trituration  it  consti- 
tutes Fulton's  decorticated  pepper. 

PiPKR  OnoRATd.M  Jamaicense,  see  Myrtus 
pimenta — p.  Tahascum,  see  Myrtus  pimenta — p. 
Turcicuin,  Capsicum  annuum. 

PIPEUI'NA,  Piperi')ium,  Pip'erine,  Piperin, 
from  pij)er,  'jjcppcr.'  A  resinoid  substance,  ob- 
tained from  the  piper  nigrum  by  M.  (Erstadt,  in 
which  a  part  of  the  virtues  of  the  pepper  resides.- 
It  has  been  employed,  lil^  the  quinia,  in  inter- 
mittents,  iind  successfully. 

PIP'EKOID,  PIperoi'dum,  Zingib'erin,  from 
piper,  'pepper,'  and  ci&os,  'resemblance.'  A  yel- 
low syrupy  mass  obtained  by  exhausting  ginger 
root  by  ether.  It  is  soluble  in  ether,  alcohol,  and 
oils,  and  may  be  given  in  tincture,  sugar,  lozenge, 
or  .syrup,  in  case^  where  ginger  is  iudicated. 


nrEROPASTUS 


20 


riTCii 


PTPEROPAS'TUS,  from  rrcTipi,  'popper,'  and 
naaaciv,  'to  strew.'  Strewed  with  pepper, — socks, 
for  example,  wliere  it  is  desirable  to  excite  the 
surface  of  the  feet. 

PIPETTE.  'A  small  pipe.'  In  Pharmacy,  a 
small  tube  terminating  in  a  perforated  point, 
which  is  passed  into  a  liquid  to  be  removed  — 
from  the  surface  of  a  precipitate,  for  example. 
The  liquid  is  drawn  into  the  tube  by  applying 
the  mouth  to  the  free  extremity. 

PIPIN'NA,  Men' tida  pawn.     A  small  penis. 

PIPPERIDGE  BUSH,  see  Oxycantha  Galeni." 

PIPSISSEWA,  Pyrola  umbellata— p.  Spotted, 
Pyrola  maculata  —  p.  White,  Pyrola  maculata. 

PIPTONYCIIIA,  Onychoptosis. 

PIPTOSTEGIA  OPERCULATA,  see  Batata 
de  purga  —  p.  Pisonis,  Convolvulus  meuhoacan. 

PIQUETE,  see  Sahle. 

PIQURE,  Puncture,  Wound,  punctured. 

PIRTLING,  Slavering. 

PIRUS.  see  Pyrus  malus. 

PISA,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  Pisa  has  long  been 
celebrated  as  one  of  the  most  favourable  climates 
in  Italy  for  the  consumptive.  It  is  genial,  but 
somewhat  oppressive  and  damp.  It  is  softer  than 
that  of  Nice,  but  not  so  warm;  less  soft,  but  less 
oppressive  than  that  of  Rome. 

PISCIARELLI,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
A  spring  at  Monte  Secco,  in  Italy,  between  Lake 
Agnano  and  Solfatara.  It  is  thermal  (100°  Fahr.), 
sulphureous,  and  carbonated  ;  and  is  chiefly  used 
in  old  ulcers,  leucorrhcea,  chronic  diarrhoea,  and 
in  cutaneous  affections. 

PISCID'IA  ERYTIIRI'NA,  Jamaica  Dog- 
wood. Old.  Leguminosas.  A  small  branching 
tree,  common  in  most  of  the  West  India  Islands; 
Diadelphia  Decandria  of  Linnasus.  It  is  used  in 
the  West  Indies  to  poison  fish.  It  appears  to  be 
an  acro-narcotic,  and  has  been  used  in  the  form 
of  a  tincture  of  the  bark  of  the  root  in  toothache. 

PISCINA,  Ba!(r>wire. 

PISCIVOROUS,  Pisclv'orun,  Fchthi/oph'agotts, 
Ichthijoph'iii/us,  from  piicis,  'a  fish,'  and  voro,  'I 
eat.'     Feeding  or  subsisting  on  fish. 

PIS'IFORM,  Pisiform' 18,  from  pisnm,  'a  pea,' 
and  forma,  'shape.'     Pealike,  pea-shaped. 

Pisifoum'e,  Os,  Os  Iciiticii/a're  seu  orhicula're 
seu  ej:tra  or'dinem  carpi,  (F.)  Os  hors  dti  rang, 
is  the  fourth  bone  of  the  first  row  of  the  carpus. 
It  is  round,  and  gives  attachment  to  the  tendon 
of  the  cubitalis  anterior,  and  to  the  anterior  trans- 
verse ligament  of  the  carpus.  It  is  articulated, 
behind,  with  the  os  cuneiforme. 

PISO,  Mortar. 

PISSA,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

PISSASPHAL'TUS,  Pismxphal'fnm,  ITirteral 
Pitch,  from  niaaa,  'pitch,'  and  acKpaXroi,  'bitu- 
men.' (F.)  Poi.T  minerale.  A  thicker  kind  of 
Petroleum  or  lioch.  oil ;  formerly  employed  as  a 
vulnerary.  It  is  synonymous  with  Glu'tinous 
hitu'men,  Ifalfa  hitu'men,  and  Mineral  tar. 

PISSEL^E'UM.  Oleum  Pic"in\im,  from  Ttiaaa, 
'pitch,'  and  i\awv,  'oil.'  An  oily  matter  ob- 
tained from  boiling  pitch,  and  used  for  the  same 
purposes  as  tar. 

PissEL^.uM  Inpicum,  Petroleum. 

PfSSEJfENT  DE  PUS,  Pyuria— p.  de  Sang, 
Ha;maturia. 

PISSENLTT.  Leontodon  taraxacum. 

PrSSE-SANG,  Fumaric 

PISSE'ROS,  from  niaaa,  'pitch.'  Ancient 
name  of  a  cerate,  prepared  of  olive  oil,  oil  of 
roses,  and  dried  pitch.  It  was,  also,  called  Cera'- 
tnm  pica' turn,  and  C.  tetrajihar'macum.  —  Hippo- 
crates. 

PISSI'TES,  Vinnm  pica'tum.     Same  etymon. 


A  wine  prepared  from  tar  .ind  the  must  of  the 
grape.     It  was  regarded  to  be  stomachic. 

PISSOSIS.  Malacia. 

PISSWEED,  Anthemis  cotula. 

PISTACHIO  NUTS,  see  Araehis  hypogca, 
Pistacia  vera. 

PISTACIA  CIIIA,  P.  lentiseus. 

Pista'cia  Lkntis'cI'S,  /'.  Chia,  Terehin'thnu 
lentiscns,  Lentiscns  vulyu' ris ;  the  Mastich  Trie. 
Ord.  Terebinthaceas.  The  wood  of  this  tree 
abounds  with  the  resinous  principles  of  mnstich  ; 
and  a  tincture  made  from  it  has  been  used  in  the 
cure  of  dyspe|itic  affections,  gout,  and  dysentery. 
It  yields,  by  incision,  the  resin  Mastich,  Resi'na 
Lentis'cina,  3/en'frige,  Mas'tiche,  Mastix,  I'lsla- 
cicB  Lentis'ci  iiesi'na.  This  resin  has  an  agreea- 
ble smell  when  heated:  is  almost  insipid;  in 
globular,  irregular,  yellowish,  seuii-transpiirent 
masses;  soluble  in  ether;  partially  so  in  alcohol. 
It  is  stimulant,  and  has  been  used  in  old  coughs, 
and  gleet,  and  is  chewed  to  sweeten  the  breath. 
It  is  sometimes,  also,  employed  to  stop  holes  in 
carious  teeth. 

Oil  of  3Jastich,  MasticheJm'nn,  Oleum  Mastich'- 
innm,  is  mentioned  by  Dioscoridcs. 

Pistacia  Nakbonensis,  P.  lentiseus  —  p.  Reti- 
culata, P.  lentiseus. 

Pistacia  Tehebin'thus,  P.  Narhonen'sis  seu 
reticula'tn  sen  vera,  Turpentine  Tree,  Hah-el-Ka- 
llmhat,  Tbrchinth\ta  vnlga'ris,  Terminthoa.  The 
tree  which  affords  the  Ci/prvs  Turpentine,  Iiesi'- 
na Terehiu'thi,  Terehinth'ina  vera  seu  (^liia  seu 
Cijp'ria,  (F.)  TerShinthine  de  Chio.  This  sub- 
stance is  classed  amongst  the  resins.  It  is  pro- 
cured by  wounding  the  bark  of  the  trunk.  The 
best  Chio  turpentine  is  of  about  the  consistence 
of  honey ;  very  tenacious,  clear,  and  almost 
transparent;  of  a  white  colour  inclining  to  yel- 
low, and  of  a  fragrant  smell ;  moderately  warm 
to  the  taste,  but  free  from  acrimony  and  bitter- 
ness. It  resembles  in  virtues  the  other  turpen- 
tines. 

Pistacia  Vera,  noraKia.  Name  of  the  tree 
which  affords  the  Nux  Pistacia.  Pista'ehin  mils 
have  a  sweetish,  unctuous  taste,  resembling  that 
of  sweet  almonds.  Like  these,  they  afford  an  oil, 
and  may  be  formed  into  an  emulsion.  * 

PISTILLUM,  Pilum. 

PISTOLOCHIA,  Aristolochia  pistolochia. 

PISTORIENSIS  GLADIUS,  Ulstnur!. 

PLSUM,  -nicov,  P.  sati'vum,  Pea,  Garden  pen, 
(F.)  Pois,  P.  cultive.  The  seeds  of  the  pea,  Ord. 
Leguminosse,  Sex.  Syst.  Diadelphia  Decaiidria, 
are  much  employed  as  an  aliment,  both  in  the 
fresh  and  dried  state.  They  are  farinaceous,  and, 
when  dried,  not  easy  of  digestion. 

PIT,  Pock  mark  —  p.  of  the  Stomach,  Fossctle 
du  copur. 

PITAY'A  BARK.  This  bark  of  CInrho'na 
pitai/a,  Ord.  CinchonacciB,  is  preferred  in  Co- 
lombia to  any  other.  It  contains  a  new  vege- 
table alkali,  to  which  the  name  Pitaijine  has 
been  given. 

PITAYINE,  see  Pitaya  bark. 

PITCAITHLEY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
These  saline  springs,  at  Pitcailliley,  abnut  four 
miles  from  Perth,  Scotland,  contain  chlorides  of 
sodium  and  calcium. 

PITCH,  Colophonia  — p.  Black,  see  Pinus  syl- 
vestris—  p.  Burgundy,  see  Pinus  abics — p.  Ca- 
nada, see  Pinus  Canadensis. 

Pitch  Cap,  see  Depilatory. 

Pitch,  Common,  Pinus  sylvestris — p.  Hemlock, 
see  Pinus  Canadensis — p.  Jew's,  Asphaltum — p. 
Mineral,  Pissasphaltum. 

Pitch  Plasteh,  see  Depilatory,  Emplastrum 
picis. 

Pitch,  Stone,  see  Pinus  sylvestris— p.  White, 
see  Pinus  abies. 


PITHYRIASI3 


21 


PLACENTULA 


PTTIIYRTASrS,  Pityriasis. 

P[TI1YR[XIJS,  Acerosus,  Furfuraceous. 

PITTA'CIU-M.  A  pitch  plaster,  from  iriTra, 
'pitch.' 

PITTIXa,  Pock  mark. 

PITTOSLS,  Malaoia. 

PITTO'TA.  Medicines  in  which  pitch  is  the 
chief  ini^redient. 

PITTSBUIK},  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
chalybeate  mineral  spring,  situate  about  four 
miles  south-west  of  Pittsburg,  in  Pennsylvania. 
It  contains  chloriile  of  sodium,  chloride  of  mag- 
nesium, oxide  of  iron,  sulphate  of  lime,  and  car- 
bonic aind. 

PITUITA,  Mucus,  Phlegm— p.  Narium,  Nasal 
mucus. 

PITUTTARY,  Pltuita'rim,  {¥.)  Pltuitaire, 
from  /lituita,  'phlegm.'  Concerned  in  the  secre- 
tion of  mucus  or  phlegm.  A  name  given  to  seve- 
ral parts. 

PiTuiTAnr  Body,  P.  Gland  —  p.  Fossa,  Sella 
turcica. 

PiTu'iTAiiY  Gland,  Glan'dnla  Pltiiifo'sa  seu 
pituitit'rla  seu  hdsilti' ris,  Lncn' nn  seu  Appendie'- 
ula  cer'ebri,  Seiiti'na,  Hi/pr)ph'i/sin  seu  Appendix 
ce)''ebri,  Corpus  pitnita're,  Pituitnri/  hady ;  — 
Appendi'ce  ans-nphenoidule  dii  cervemi,  (Ch.)  A 
small,  round  body  ;  the  anterior  portion  of  which 
is  of  a  cineritious  yellow  hue,  and  the  posterior, 
which  is  smaller,  is  whitish  and  pulpy.  Its  func- 
tions are  unknown. 

PlTUlTAKY  MKMBnANE,  Sckiieide' riaii  Mem- 
brane,  3[einbra' na  pitnitn'ria  seu  olfacto'ria. 
The  mucous  membrane  which  lines  the  nasal 
fosso9,  and  extends  to  the  difforent  cavities  com- 
municating with  the  nose.  In  the  nasal  fossse, 
the  membrane  apjiears  formed  of  two  layers,  in- 
timately united;  —  the  one  in  contact  with  the 
bone  is  fibrous  ; — the  other  is  free  at  one  surface. 
The  latter  is  a  mucous  membrane,  on  which  pa- 
pillaa  are  not  easily  distinguishable,  but  which 
contains  them,  as  well  as  a  number  of  very  small 
mucous  follicles,  that  open  into  the  cavity  of  th'* 
nares.  On  penetrating  the  ma.xillary,  frontal, 
sphenoidal,  and  ethmoidal  sinuses,  the  membrane 
becomes  very  thin,  transparent,  less  vascular, 
and  seems  reduced  to  its  mucous  layer.  The 
pituitary  membrane  receives  the  impression  of 
odours,  by  means  of  the  expansion  of  the  olfac- 
tory nerves  upon  it.     It  is  the  seat  of  smell. 

PITUITE,  Mucus. 

PITU'ITOUS,  Pltnito'sun  ;  from  pituitn,  'mu- 
cus or  phlegm.'  Consisting  of,  or  resembling,  or 
full  of  mucus  or  phlegm. 

PITYRI'ASIS,  from  TTtrupov,  'bran;'  Lepido'- 
»w  Pityrinsis,  Pityria'mn,  Pitki/ri'asis,  Herpei 
fur/ura'cens  seu  farino'iius,  Porri'go  (of  some), 
Tin'ea  furfura'cea  seu  porriijino'nn,  Fnrfiira'tio, 
Fur/un'a'  en,  Dmidn'ff,  Dandruff,  (So.)  Luisii, 
(Prov.)  Room,  Rnmmet,  (F.)  Teigne,  Dartre,  D. 
furfuracie  vnlante ; — a  very  superficial  affection; 
characterized  by  irregular  patches  of  thin  scales, 
which  repeatedly  exfoliate  and  recur;  but  which 
never  form  crusts,  or  are  accompanied  with  exco- 
riations. It  is  not  contagious.  It  occurs  under 
throe  or  four  varieties  of  form. 

PiTYRFASis,  Porrigo  —  p.  Nigra,  Melasma — p. 
Versicolor,  Chloasma. 

PITYRISMA,  Pityriasis. 

PIT YRO IDES,  Furfuraceus. 

PITYRON,  Furfur. 

PIVOrNK.  Piconia. 

PIVOTING.  In  dentistry,  an  operation, 
which  consists  in  fastening  in  a  new  crown  upon 
the  root  of  a  tooth  by  means  of  a  piece  of  gold 
wire,  called  '  a  pivot.' 

PIX,  Sperm  —  p.  Abietina,  see  Pinus  abies  — 
p.  Abietis,  see  Pinus  abies  — p.  Alba,  see  Pinus 
abies  —  p.  Arida,  sec  Pinus  abies,  and  Pinus  syl- 
16 


vestris — p.  Atra,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — p.  Brutid, 
Brutia  —  p.  Burgundiea,  see  Pinus  abies — p.  Ca- 
nadensis, see  Pinus  Canadensis  —  p.  Cedria,  see 
Pinus  sylvestris  —  p.  Gneca,  Colophonia  —  p.  Li- 
quida,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — p.  Navalis,  see  Pinus 
sylvestris  —  p.  Nigra,  see  Pinus  sylvestris  —  p. 
Sicca,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

PLACE'BO,  'I  will  please,'  from  placeo.  A 
medicine,  prescribed  rather  to  satisfy  the  patient 
than  with  any  expectation  of  its  effecting  a  cure. 

PL.\CEN'TA,  T:\nKuvi,  TtXaKovvTOi.  A  Latin 
word,  signifying  a  Cake.  P.  uteri  seu  uteri'ii-t 
seu  uteri  car'nen,  Hepar  seu  Jecnr  uteri'inan,  Cam 
seu  Affii'sio  orbicularis,  i[azn.  A  soft,  spongy, 
vascular  body,  adherent  to  the  uterus,  and  con- 
nected with  the  foetus  by  the  umbilical  cjrd.  It 
is  not  in  existence  during  the  first  period  of  the 
embryo  state,  but  its  formation  commences  per- 
haps with  the  arrival  of  the  embryo  in  the  uteru". 
It  is  generally  considered  to  have  two  portions", 
one  fwtal,  and  the  other  maternal.  The  foetal 
consists  of  highly  vascular  villi  and  tufts,  which 
contnin  the  inosculating  loops  of  the  umbilicnl 
arteries  and  umbilical  vein  of  the  foetus.  The 
maternal  portion  is  considered  by  Dr.  Reid  to  con- 
sist, essentially,  of  a  large  sac  formed  by  the 
inner  coat  of  the  vascular  system  of  the  mother, 
into  which  the  maternal  blood  is  poured  by  the 
curling  arteries  of  the  uterus,  and  from  which  it, 
is  returned  by  the  utero-placental  veins.  Tho 
tufts  and  villi  of  the  foetal  placenta  are  ensheathel 
by  this  inner  coat  of  the  maternal  vascular  sys- 
tem ;  and,  according  to  Prof.  Goodsir,  two  di.<- 
tinct  sets  of  nucleated  cells  —  one  maternal  ami 
the  other  foetal — separate  the  maternal  and  foetal 
portions  where  they  come  in  contact,  one  set  of 
wiiich  are  probably,  he  thinks,  concerned  in  the 
separation  of  nutritive  matter  from  the  maternal 
blood,  and  the  other  destined  to  convey  it  into 
the  vessels  of  the  foetus.  The  placenta  is  formed 
of  several  loheo  or  cotyledons,  which  can  be  read- 
ily distinguished  from  each  other  on  the  uterine 
surface;  but  towards  the  foetal  surface  are  con- 
founded into  one  mass.  It  is  composed  of  the 
umljilical  vessels,  areolar  tissue,  and  whitish,  re- 
sisting filaments,  which  are  vascular  ramifications 
obliterated.  Lymphatic  vessels  have  also  been 
presumed  to  exist  in  it;  and  nerves  have  been 
traced,  proceeding  from  the  great  sympathetic  of 
the  foetus. 

The  main  function  of  the  placenta  appears  to 
be  like  that  of  the  lungs  in  the  adult.  It  admits 
of  the  blood  of  the  foetus  being  shown  to  that  of 
the  mother,  and  undergoing  requisite  changes. 
It  may,  also,  be  an  organ  for  nutritive  absorp- 
tion, as  observed  above. 

Animals,  which  have  no  placenta — as  the  Mar- 
supialia — are  called  implacental  and  nonplacental. 

Placex'ta  CnroRis,  see  Blood  —  p.  Febrilis, 
Ague  cake  —  p.  Oblata,  P.  praevia  —  p.  Obvia,  P. 
prsevia. 

Placenta  Pr^/via,  (from  prce,  'before,'  and 
via,  'way,')  P.  ob'via  sen  obfa'ta.  Presentation 
of  the  placenta;  a  condition  which  gives  rise  to 
unavoidable  hemorrhage  from  the  uterus.  The 
safety  of  the  female  depends  upon  speedy  de- 
livery. 

Placenta  Sanguinis,  see  Blood  —  p.  Uteri 
Succenturiata,  Dccidua. 

PLACEN'TAL,  Placenta'Us.  (F.)  Plncentaire. 
Relating,  or  appertaining  to,  the  placenta.  Pos- 
sessed of  a  placenta, — as  '  a,  placental  mammal.' 

PLACENTFTIS.  Placomiti'tis,  Placoi'tis,  In. 
flamma'tio  placen'tce.  A  hybrid  word  —  from 
placenta,  and  itis,  a  suffix  denoting  inflamma- 
tion.    Inflammation  of  the  placenta. 

PLACEN'TULA,  'a  little  cake,'  diminutive  of 
placenta,  'a  cake.'  A  rudimental  placenta.  The 
placenta  of  an  abortion. 


PLACOITIS 


722        PLANTAIN  DES  ALTES 


PLACOITIS,  Placentitis.  I 

PLACOUNTITIS,  Placentitis. 

PI.ADAROMA,  Pladarosis.  I 

PLADARO'SIS,  PUulm-o'ma,  Pladnr'otes, 
fri)iu  :r>u6«poj,  '  si)ft.'  A  soft  tumour  on  the  eye- 
lid, unaccompanied  with  redness  or  pain.  Tra- 
choma. 

PLADAROTES,  Pladarosis. 

PLAFOND  DES  VENTRICULES  DU 
CE/i  VEA  U,  Corpus  callosum. 

PLAGA,  Ictus,  Wound. 

PLAGIOBOL'IA,  Plmwhol'ia,  from  irXayiof, 
'to  one  side,'  and  ^aXKuv,  'to  throw.'  Imperfect 
emission  of  sperm  into  the  vagina.  Emission  to 
one  side  ;  sometimes  practised  to  render  impreg- 
nation less  probable. 

PLAGUE,  from  n'Xriyri, plagn,  'a  stroke.'  Pet- 
tin,  P.  oricjitu'lis  seu  bnbona'ria  orientalis  seu 
iiif/uiiia'n'a  seu  eontngiu'sa  seu  acntins'ima  seu 
nep'tica  seu  (/laitdiilo'aa  seu  ade'no-septica  seu 
iiiyninarln,  Pestil'itas,  Ephem'era  pestilentia'lis, 
E.  jnortif  era,  Lues  inginna'ria,  Chtdes  glnndii- 
la'ria,  Phthnra,  PeHilen'tia,  Lues,  Loimos,  Fehris 
(tde'no-uervo'sa,  Lceiiion,  Lceme,  Lce'mla,  Loemop'- 
yra,  Cluiusda,  Anthra'cia  Pesth,  A)ithracoti/phiis, 
Fehris  pen'tilens,  Syn'ochus  pestilentia'lis,  Typhus 
pestis  S6\i  pestileiitid'liH  seu  gravin'8iinus  seu  nu- 
tlira'cicus  seu  biibon'icus,  Exanthe' ma  peslis,  the 
Pest,  Levant  plague,  Septic  or  glan'dulur  pee'ti- 
lence.  The  sickness,  (F.)  Peste,  Typhus  d' Orient, 
Fievre  du  Levant,  F.  adeno-nerveuse.  An  emi- 
nently malignant  disease ;  endemic  in  the  Le- 
vant; frequently  e()idemic,  and  destroying  at 
least  two-thirds  of  those  it  attacks.  It  is  a  fever 
of  the  most  aggravated  kind,  with  atfection  of 
the  lymphatic  glands  of  the  groins  or  axilla,  and 
carbuncles.  Its  miasmata — it  has  been  conceived 
— adhere  to  different  organic  textures,  to  woollen 
goods,  clothing  and  furniture;  and  may  thus  be 
transported  to  a  considerable  distance ;  but  this 
is  not  certain.  The  mean  duration  of  the  disease 
is  six  or.  seven  days;  some  die  in  twenty-four 
hours,  others  not  till  ten  or  twelve  days.  Patho- 
logical anatomy  has  afforded  little  light  with  re- 
spect to  it.  Various  means  have  been  used  for 
arresting  it,  but  none  have  seemed  to  be  pre-emi- 
nently distinguished.  The  great  point  is,  to 
watch  the  indications  as  they  develop  themselves; 
and  to  treat  the  case,  in  general,  like  one  of 
typhus  gravior.  It  is  universally  agreed  that  the 
suppuration  of  the  buboes  should  be  aided  as  far 
as  practicable.  For  preventing  the  importation 
and  spread  of  the  plague,  the  Qaar'antine  Laws 
have  been  instituted;  and  when  the  disease  has 
actually  appeared,  a  cordon  sanitaire  has  been 
drawn  round  the  infected  district,  so  as  to  pre- 
vent all  communication. 

Plague  op  Antoni'ncs,  Pestis  Antoninia'na, 
(F.)  Peste  Antonine.  A  severe  febrile  disease, 
which  prevailed  in  the  Roman  empire,  during  the 
reign  of  Antoninus.  It  began  in  Asia,  and  passed 
westward.     It  resembled  the  Plague  of  Athens. 

Plague  op  Athens,  (F.)  Peste  d'Athhies.  A 
febrile  disease,  which  raged  at  Athens  during  the 
Peloponnesian  war,  in  the  5th  century  before  the 
Christian  era;  and  a  description  of  which  is  given 
in  Thucydides.  It  was  characterized  by  a  cuta- 
neous eruption,  accompanied  hy  small  ulcerations, 
vomiting,  affection  of  the  respiratory  organs,  and 
diarrhoea.  It  began  in  the  far  East,  and,  before 
reaching  Athens,  ravaged  Egypt,  and  the  greater 
part  of  the  Persian  Empire. 
Plague,  Black,  Death,  black. 
Plague,  Cold.  A  severe  form  of  congestive 
fever,  seen  in  the  Southern  States.  Bilious  pneu- 
monia, in  which  there  is  no  reaction,  has  been, 
also,  so  called. 

Plague  Mark,  Plague  token. 

Plague,   Pali.    A   malignant  fever,   greatly 


resembling  Plague,  which  prevailed  in  Rnjpoo- 
tana  after  July,  1836. 
■      Plague  Si'ot,  Plague  token. 

Plague  Token,  Plague  mark.  Plague  spot. 
A  mark  by  which  one  struck  with  the  plague  was 
known.  Perhaps  the  early  stage  of  carbuncle  in 
unfavourable  cases.  It  is  described  as  a  small 
tubercle  —  Bossa  —  somewhat  resembling  a  wart, 
callous  and  more  or  less  deficient  in  sensibility, 
varying  in  size  from  that  of  a  millet-seed  to  that 
of  a  bean. 

PLAGULA,  Compress,  Pledget,  Splint. 
,      PLAIE,  AVound— ;j.   d'Anne  d  feu,  Wound, 
gunshot  —  p.  d' Arquelusade,  Wound,  gunshot  — 
p.    Contuse,    Wound,    contused — p.    Eiirenim(e, 
Wound,  poisoned  — p.  par  Arrachenicut,  Wound, 
lacerated  — p.  d  Lambeuux,  see  Flap. 
I      PLAINTIVE,  Luctuenx. 
I      PLANANTHUS  FASTIGATUS,  Lycopodiuin 
selago  —  p.  Selago,  Lycopodium  selago. 

PLANARIA  LATIUSCULA,  Distoma  hepa- 
ticum. 

PLANCHER  (F.),  'floor.'  In  anatomy,  the 
inferior  wall  or  boundary  of  a  cavity. 

PLANCHER  DU  CERVEAU,  Tentorium. 

PLANCUS,  Leiopus. 

PLANE,  Plexus. 

Plane,  Mesial,  see  Mesial. 

PLANET-STRUCK,  see  Sideratio. 

PLANE'TES,  Plane'ticus,  Plan'icua,  Erra- 
hun'dus,  Errat'ic,  from  itXavr),  'a  wandering 
about.'  An  epithet  given  to  diseases,  whose  re- 
turns are  irregular  —  especially  to  intermittent 
fever  ;  Plunetes  Febris,  F.  Errat'ica,  F.  Erro'uea, 
F.  Vaga. 

PLANETICA  ARTHRITIS,  Gout,  wander- 
ing. 

PLANICUS,  Planetes. 

PLANIPEDES,  Steganopodes. 

PLANITIES  PEDIS,  Sole. 

PLANOBOLIA,  Plagiobolia. 

PLANTA  NOCTIS,  Hydroa,  Sudamina  — p. 
Pedis,  Sole  —  p.  Prima  pedis,  Tarsus. 

PLANTA'GO,  P.  Major,  Centiner'via,  Arno- 
glos'aum,  Septiuer'via,  Polyneu'ron,  Heptapleu'- 
ron,  Planta'yo  latifo'lia  seu  major  seu  vnlga'ril, 
Great  ])lantain,  Waybread,  (^c.)  Wnbran  leaves, 
(F.)  Plantain  commnn.  Ord.  Plantaginaceae. 
Sex.  Syst.  Tetrandria  Monogynia.  The  leaves 
have  been  said  to  be  refrigerant,  attenuant,  sub- 
styptic,  and  diuretic. 

Plantago  Aquatica,  Alisma  plantago. 

Plantago  Cord k'T\,  Heart  leaved  plantain,'?. 
Lanceola'ta,  Ribgrass,  and  P.  Virgin'ica,  White 
plantain,  or  Ribwort,  indigenous;  have  proper- 
ties like  Plantago  major. 

Plantago  Coron'opus,  Coronopo'dium,  Cumu 
cervi'num,  Stella  terra,  Plantago,  Buckshorn 
Plantain.     Properties  like  the  last. 

Plantago  Nitida,  P.  psyllium. 

Plantago  Psyl'lium,  P.  nit'ida,  Psyl'lium,  P. 
erec'tum,  Pulica'ris  herba,  Crystal'lion,  Cyno- 
moi'a.  Branching  Plantain,  Flcawort,  (F.)  Herbe 
aux  puces  commune.  The  seeds  have  a  nauseous, 
mucilaginous  taste,  and  no  remarkable  smell. 
The  decoction  of  the  seeds  is  recommended  in 
hoarseness  and  roughness  of  the  fauces. 

Plantago  Vulgaris,  Plantago. 

PLANTAIN  DES  ALPES,ATnica.mor\tam~ 
p.  Branching,  Plantago  psyllium— p.  Buckshorn, 
Plantago  coronopus — ^J.  Commun,  Plantago — p. 
d'Eau,  Alisma  plantago  —  p.  Great,  Plantago 
major — p.  Heart  leaved,  Plantago  cordata. 

Plantain  Meal,  see  Musa  paradisiaca. 

Plantain,  Rattlesnake,  Goodyera  pubescena 
— p.  Robin's,  Erigeron  bellidifolium. 

Plantain  Tree,  Musa  parailisiaca. 

Plantain,  Water,  Alisma  plantago,  Uniscma 
deltifolia  —  p.  White,  Plantago  Virginica. 


PLANTAIRE 


723 


PLASTER 


PL  ANT  AI  HE,  Plantar  muscle—;?.  Grile, 
Plnntar  muscle. 

PLANTAR,  Pfanfa'rts,  (F.)  Plantaire,  from 
planta,  'the  sole  of  the  foot.'  That  which  re- 
lates or  belongs  to  the  sole  of  the  foot.  This 
name  has  been  given  to  several  parts. 

Plantar  Aponeuro'sis,  P.  faa'cia.  A  thick, 
dense,  resisting  aponeurosis ;  of  a  triangular 
shape,  and  superficially  situate,  which  occupies 
the  middle  and  sides  of  the  solo  of  the  foot,  and 
furnishes  insertions  to  several  of  the  muscles  of 
the  region,  either  directly  or  through  the  medium 
of  septa,  which  it  sends  between  them. 
Plantar  Auch,  see  Plantar  arteries. 
Plantar  Arthriks.  These  are  two  in  num- 
ber, and  arise  from  the  extremity  of  the  posterior 
tibial  artery.  They  are  distinguished  into  : — The 
internal  plantar  artery,  situate  above  the  abduc- 
tor poUicis  pedis.  It  extends  from  the  termina- 
tion of  the  posterior  tibial  to  the  trunk  of  one  of 
the  collaterals  of  that  toe. — The  external  plantar 
artery  is  larger  than  the  preceding,  and  ought  to 
be  considered  as  the  termination  of  the  posterior 
tibial.  Situate  above  the  flexor  communis  di- 
gitorum  pedis,  it  extends  from  beneath  the  calea- 
neum  to  the  posterior  extremity  of  the  last  meta- 
tarsal space.  When  it  has  reached  this  part,  it 
turns  from  without  inwards  ;  advances  towards 
the  posterior  extremity  of  the  first  metatarsal 
bone,  and  anastomoses  with  the  perforating 
branch  of  the  dorsalin  tarsi.  In  the  first  part  of 
its  course,  it  furnishes  calcaneal,  articular,  mus- 
cular, and  adipous  branches.  The  second  por- 
tion of  the  artery  is  called  the  Plnntar  Arch  or 
CroHfi.  It  gives  branches  in  all  directions.  The 
inferior  and  posterior  have  received  no  name. 
The  superior  —  three  in  number  —  are  the  poste- 
rior perforating  arteries.  The  anterior  branches 
are  larger,  and  there  arc  commonly  four.  They 
furnish  the  anterior  perforating,  and  the  collate- 
rah  of  the  last  four  toes. 

Plantar  Cross,  see  Plantar  arteries — p.  Fas- 
cia, P.  aponeurosis. 

Plantar  Ligaments.  A  name  given  to  the 
inferior  ligaments,  which  unite  the  bones  of  the 
tarsus  and  metatarsus,  to  distinguish  them  from 
the  superior,  called  dorsal. 

Plantar  Muscle,  Planta'ris,  P.  grac"iJis, 
Tibia'lis  grac"ilis,  Exten'sor  tarsi  minor,  (F.) 
Plantaire,  P.  Grele,  Jambier  grele.  Petit  femoro- 
cnlcanien,  (Ch.)  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  poste- 
rior part  of  the  leg.  It  is  long,  thin,  and  narrow. 
Above,  it  is  attached  to  the  posterior  part  of  the 
external  condyle  of  the  os  femoris  :  below,  it  ter- 
minates by  a  long  tendon,  which  is  attached  to 
tiie  posterior  and  inner  part  of  the  calcaneum. 
This  muscle  extends  the  leg  on  the  foot,  and 
conversely.  It  can,  also,  assist  in  the  flexion  of 
the  leg  on  the  thigh. 

Plantar  Nkrves.  These  are  two  in  number, 
and  are  furnished  by  the  termination  of  the  pos- 
terior tibial  nerve.  They  are  distinguished  into 
—  1.  The  internal  planitr  nerve,  which  extends 
from  the  inferior  part  of  the  tibial  nerve  to  both 
sides  of  the  first  three  toes,  and  the  inner  side  of 
the  fourth.  It  furnishes,  also,  branches  to  the 
nbiluctor  of  the  great  toe  ;  to  the  short  flexor  of 
the  toes;  to  the  accessory  ;  to  the  short  flexor  of 
the  great  toe,  the  lumbricales,  <fec.  2.  The  exter- 
nal plantar  nerve  proceeds  from  the  termination 
of  the  posterior  tibial  to  the  posterior  extremity 
of  the  5th  metatarsal  bone,  and  gives  branches  to 
the  flexor  brcvis  digitoruui  pedis,  the  accessory 
and  the  abductor  of  the  little  toe.  This  trunk 
subsequently  ilivides  into  two  branches:  —  the 
one — profnnda — is  distributed  to  the  short  flexor 
of  the  great  toe:  the  interosseus  and  abductor 
pollicis  pedis:  the  other  —  superfieialis  —  sends 
filaments  to  the  short  flexor  of  the  little  toe,  the 


two  sides  of  that  toe,  the  outer  side  of  the  4th, 
and  the  last  lumbricalis. 

Plantar  Regions  or  Surfaces  are  different 
regions  or  surfaces  of  the  sole  of  the  foot.  Three 
are  generally  reckoned,  —  the  internal,  middle, 
and  external. 

Plantar  Veins  follow  an  arrangement  similar 
to  that  of  the  arteries. 

PLANTARIA,  Dengue. 

PLANTARIS,  Plantar,  P.  muscle— p.  Superfi- 
cies pedis.  Sole  —  p.  Verus,  see  Flexor  longus  di- 
gitorum  pedis  profundus  perforans  (accessorius.) 

PLANTARIUM,  Pubes. 

PL  ANTE  DU  PIED,  Sole. 

PLANTI-  SOUS-PHALANGIENS,  Lumbri- 
cales podis — p.  Tendino-phalawjiens,  Lumbricales 
pedis. 

PLANUM  APONEUROTICUM  DIA- 
PHRAGMATIS.  The  tendinous  expansion  of 
the  diaphragm. 

Planum  Orbitale,  see  Maxillary  bone  (su- 
perior.) 

Planum  Os,  from  planus,  'soft,  smooth.'  The 
papyraceous  or  orbitar  plate  of  the  ethmoid  bone 

—  Lam'ina  papyra'cea,  Lamell'a  plana  —  was 
formerly  so  called. 

Planum  Pedis,  Sole. 

Planifm  Supe'rius  Lingua.  The  upper  sur- 
face of  the  tongue. 

PLANU'RIA,  from  irXovof,  'wandering,  false,' 
and  ovfjov,  '  urine.'  Discharge  of  urine  through 
unwonted  ways. 

PLAQUE'MINIER  UEUROPE,  Diospyros 
lotus. 

PLAQUES  GAUFRtES,  Peyeriglandulse— 
p.  Laitenses,  see  Taehes  luiteuses — p.  de  Peyer, 
Peyeri  glandulac. 

PLASMA,  Liquor  sanguinis. 

PLASMEXHIDRO'SIS,  from  plasma,  the  li- 
qnnr  sanguinis ;  £|,  'out  of,'  and  'tfipiaaii,  'perspi- 
ration.' Exudation  of  the  plasma  of  the  blood 
from  the  vessels. 

PLASTER,  Emplastrnm  — p.  Adhesive,  Em- 
plastrum  resinae,  Sparadrapum  adhesivum  —  p. 
Adhesive,  Baynton's,  see  Emplastruin  resinae — p. 
Adhesive,  of  pitch  and  resins,  Emplastruin  de 
pice  et  resinis  glutinans  —  p.  Ammoniacum,  Eni- 
plastrum  ammoniaci — p.  Ammoniacum  with  mer- 
cury, Emplastruin  ammoniaci  cum  hydrargyro — 
p.  Aromatic,  Emplastruin  aromaticum  —  p.  Asa- 
fcetidii,  Emplastrnm  asafoetidae  —  p.  of  Belladon- 
na, Emplastruin  belladonnae  —  p.  Blister,  Blister 
— p.  Blistering,  Emplastrnm  lyttae — p.  of  Blister- 
ing fly.  Emplastruin  lytta;  —  p.  Calefacient,  Em- 
plastruin calefaciens  —  p.  of  Cantharides,  com- 
pound, Emplastrnm  lyttae  compositum — p.  Ce- 
phalic, Emplastruin  picis  comp. — p.  Corn,  Spa- 
radrapum viride  —  p.  Corn,  Kennedy's,  Spara- 
drapum viride  —  p.  Court.  English,  see  Ichthyo- 
colla,  Sparadrapum  adhesivum  —  p.  Cummin, 
Emplastruin  cumini — p.  Defensive,  Sparadrapum 
Gnlteri  —  p.  Diachylon,  Emplastrnm  plumbi  —  p. 
Fly,  Emplastrnm  lytta>  —  p.  Frankincense,  Em- 
plastrnm thuris — p.  Galbanum,  Emplastruin  gal- 
bani — p.  Galbanum,  compound,  Emplastrnm 
galbani  compositum — p.  Gum,  Emplastrnm  gum- 
inosum  —  p.  of  Gum-resins.  Emplastrnm  cum 
gummi-resinis — p.  Hemlock.  Emplastrnm  cicutsB 

—  p.  Iron,  Emplastrnm  ferri  —  p.  Isinglass,  see 
Sparadrapum  adhsesivum  —  p.  Issue,  Sparadra- 
pum pro  fonticulis— p.  Lead.  Emplastrnm  |)luiiibi 
— p.  Machine,  Spnradrapier — p.  Mercurial,  Em- 
plastruin hydrarsryri — p.  of  Mercury,  compound, 
Emplastruin  hydrargyri  compositum  —  p.  Mus- 
tard, Cataplasma  sinapis  —  p.  Nurcmberfr,  Em- 
plastrnm Norimbergense — p.  Opium.  Eniplastruni 
opii  —  p.  Pitch,  see  Depilatory — p.  Pitch,  comp. 
Emplastrum  picis  compositum  —  p.  Resin,  Era- 
plastrum  resinae — p.  of  Red  o.xide  of  iron,  Em- 


PLASTIC 


24 


PLETHORA 


plastrum  oxidi  ferri  rubri— p.  Soap,  Emplastrum 
saponis  —  p.  of  Spanish  flies,  compound,  Emplas- 
trum lytt£B  compositum  —  p.  Sticliing,  Emplas- 
trum resinre — p.  Slrengthening,  Emplastrum 
ferri,  Emplastrum  osidi  ferri  rubri  —  p.  Warm, 
Emplastrum  calcfaciens — p.  Wax,  Emplastrum 
cerae. 

PLASTIC,  Plaa'ticus,  Formati'vus,  Form'ative, 
(F.)  Plastique,  from  TrAaan-u,  *I  form.'  That 
which  forms,  or  serves  to  form. 

Plastic  Element.  One  which  bears  within  it 
the  germs  of  a  higher  form.  —  Gerber.  Plastic 
or  histogeiiet' ic  or  oryanolep'tic  elements  of  niitri- 
ti'oti  are  those  eleuients  of  food  which  go  to  the 
formation  of  organized  tissue.  —  See  Aliment. 

Plastic  Force.  The  generative  or  formative 
power  in  organized  bodies.  It  is  also  called  Ni- 
«Hii  formnti'vus,  Vis  seu  Virtus  plas'tica  seu  for- 
tnati'va  seu  essentia'lis  seu  reproducti'va,Fac' nltas 
forma' trix  scu  nutrix  seu  auctrix  seu  vcyetati' va  ; 
Bias  alterati'vum,  Motiia  assiinilationis,  An'iiita 
vegetati'va,  Planticism'iis,  Virtus  formntrix,  Plns- 
tic"itns,  Plnstic"ity,  Force  of  Nutrition,  F.  of 
assimilation,  F.  of  Form'ation,  F.  of  veyetn'tion, 
Puissance  du  moide  interiear  (BufFon),  Bildung- 
strieb.  Germ-force  of  the  Germans. 

Plastic  Lymph,  Liquor  Sanguinis — p.  Surgery, 
Morioplastice. 

PLASTICrSMUS,  Plastic  Force. 
PLASTICITAS,  Plastic  Force. 
PLASTICITY,  Plastic  Force. 
PLASTILYTIC,  Antiplastic. 
PLASTILYTICUM    (H^MATOLYTICUM), 
Spannemic. 

PLATA,  Scapula. 
PLATANO,  Musa  Sapientum. 
PLATANTIIE'RA  ORBICULA'TA,  Lnrcje 
round-leaved  Orchis  ;  indigenous.  Or(/f  c,  Orchid- 
accae  ;  flowering  in  July.  From  jrAarouf,  '  wide,' 
and  avr)p,  for  'anther.'  The  leaves  are  large,  soft 
and  fleshy,  and  are  used,  in  certain  places,  for 
dressing  blisters. 

PLATANUS,  Musa  paradisiaca. 
PLATEA,  Bnthriocephalus  latus. 
PLATE-BONE,  Scapula. 
PLATEIAS.MA,  Platiasmus. 
PLATES,  MANSFORD'S,  see  Galvanism. 
PLATIAS'MUS,     Plateias'ma,     from     irXnruir, 
'broad.'      Excessive    development   of    the    lips, 
causing  the  articulation  to  be  imperfect. 
PLATINA,  Platinum. 

PLAT'INUM,  Plat'ina,  from  (S.)  plata,  'sil- 
ver.'     (F.)  Platine,  Or  blanc,  Petit  argent.     The 
preparations  of  platinum  resemble  in  their  thera- 
peutical properties  those  of  gold.     The  Bichlo'- 
HIDE,  Plat'ini  Bichlo'ridum,  made  by  dissolving 
platinum  in  aqua  regia,  and  the  Double  Chlo- 
ride of  Platinitm  and  Sodium,  So'dii  cliloroplat' - 
iiias,   Chloroplai'inate   of  So'dium,  prepared   by 
dissolving  bichloride  of  platinum  and  pure  chlo- 
ride of  sodium,  in  proper  proportions,  in  water, 
evaporating  and  crystallizing,  —  are  the  prepara- 
tions used.     They  are  not  much  prescribed. 
PLATULA,  see  Pediculus. 
PLATYBREGMATE,  see  Cranium. 
PLATYCORIA,  Mydriasis. 
PLATYCORIASIS,  Mydriasis. 
PLATYNO'SIS,  from  nXarv;,  '  broad.'    Ampli- 
Aca'tlo.     Morbid  extension  of  parts. 
PLATYOPHTHALMON,  Antimonium. 
PLATYPOLIA,  see  Kyllosis. 
PLATYPUS,  see  Kyllosis. 
PLATYS'MA,  from  TrXarut,  'broad.'   Anything 
troadly  extended.     A  spread  plaster. 

Platys'ma  Myoi'des,  P.  Myo'des,  Mus'culus 
fAita'netts  seu  suhcuta'neus  (Winslow),  Quadra'tus 
(/ence  seu  latis'simus  colli,  Expan'sio  musculo'sa, 
Tetrago'nus,  Stomoman' icon,  (F.)  Thoraco-maxillo 
facial,  Thoraco-facial  (Ch.),  Pcaucier,     A  mus- 


cle situate  superficially  on  the  lateral  parts  of 
the  neck.  It  is  flat,  broad,  and  quadrilateral.  It* 
fibres,  which  arc  all  parallel  to  each  other,  pnt^a 
obliquely  downwards,  and  from  without  inwards. 
They  arise  from  the  areolar  tissue,  which  covers 
the  anterior  and  superior  part  of  the  chest;  pa.<8 
before  the  clavicle,  and  proceed  to  attach  them- 
selves at  the  interior  part  of  the  symphysis  meiili, 
at  the  external  oblique  line  of  the  jaw,  and  at  the 
commissure  of  the  lips.  The  fibres  of  tiiis  lust 
insertion  form  a  distinct  fasciculus,  called  bj  some 
anatomists  Mus'culus  Jiiso'rius  Santori'nl,  The 
platysma  myoides  depresses  the  commissure  of 
the  lips,  and  carries  it  outwards.  It  contributes, 
also,  to  the  depression  of  the  lower  jaw.  Wlien 
it  contracts,  it  wrinkles  the  skin  of  the  neck 
transversely. 

PLATYSTER'NOS,  from  nXarvi,  'broad,'  and 
(TTtpvov,  'the  sternum.'  One  who  has  a  broad, 
well  developed  chest.  —  D.  Pechlin. 

PLATYS'TOMUS;  from  77X071,5,  '  broad,'  and 
dToiia,  '  mouth.'     One  who  has  a  broad  mouth. 

PLAUTUS,  Leiopus. 

PLECHAS,  Perinreura. 

PLECTAN^,  Cornua  uteri. 

PLEC'TANE,  Plica,  Plcgma,  Plexus.  From 
ttXiku),  'I  twine.'  A  fold;  a  plexus.  Also,  a 
eornu  of  the  uterus. 

PLECTRUM.  The  styloid  process  of  the 
temporal  bone.  Also,  the  uvula,  and  the  tongue. 
—  Castelli. 

PLEDGET,  (D.)  Plagghe,  Plumace'olus, 
Lintea'men,  Plag'ula,  (F.)  Plumacenu,  Plumrm- 
seau.  A  small  compress  or  gateau  of  lint —  {the 
filaments  arranged  parallel  to  each  other) — flat- 
tened between  the  hands  after  the  extremities 
have  been  cut  olf  or  folded  down.  It  is  ap|)lied 
over  wounds,  ulcers,  Ac,  to  preserve  them  from 
the  contact  of  the  air,  to  retain  dressings  Vii  situ, 
and  to  absorb  the  discharges. 

PLEGE,  Blow,  Ictus. 

PLEGMA,  Plcctane,  Plexus. 

PLEGOMETER,  Pleximeter. 

PLErN,CF.)'Fu\\.'  The  middle  part  of  a  roller. 

PLEIOMASTHUS,  Polymasthus. 

PLEIOMAZIA,  see  Polymasthus. 

PLENA  MULIER,  Pregnant. 

PLENITUDE,  Fulness. 

PLENITUDO,  Plethora. 

PLENCK'S  DEPILATORY,  see  Depilatory, 
Colley's. 

PLEOMAZIA,  see  Polymasthus. 

PLEONEC'TICUS,  from  nXtov,  'more,'  and 
£;^£iv,  '  to  have.'  Covetous.  Desirous  to  acquire  : 
hence  mania  pleonectira. 

Pleoneo'tica  Athym'ia  seu  Melancfol'ia. 
A  form  of  insanity  characterized  by  a  desire  for 
gain  or  by  covetousness. 

PLERO'SIS,  from  7r>;;p.!5,  'full;'  aho  Heph'- 
tio,  Refec'tio,  Rcple'tion.  Restoration  of  flesh 
after  sickness.     Plethora. 

PLEROTICUS,  Incarnans. 

PLES'MONE,  K^vfovr,,  Plenitu'do,  f!ati'ptris, 
Sati'ely.  Intemperance.  A  condition  the  oppo- 
site to  that  of  hunger. 

PLESSER.  Plexor. 

PLESSIMETER,  Pleximeter. 

PLESSIMETRE,  Pleximeter. 

PLETHOMER'IA,  from  77X^60;,  'many,'  and 
//E/30S,  '  a  part.'  Superabundance  of  parts,  as  in 
the  case  of  six  fingers  to  one  hand. 

PLETIIO'RA,  from  n\r,^<j>,  'I  fill.'  Pohja-'min, 
Polyhyperhop' mia,  Panhypera-'mia,  ]'<ih/ihym  1" 
sanrjuin'en,  Angeioplero'sis,  Angioplero'sis,  hry- 
thrce'mia,  Erythro'sis,  Hamatojilethu'ra,  Hcemo- 
pletho'ra,  Plenitu'do,  Mvltitu'do,  Reduudnn'tin, 
Reple'tio,  En'chyma,  Comple'tio,  Plclh'ory,  Re- 
ple'tion,  San'guineness.  Fulness,  (F.)  Abondrnice, 
Redondance.     The  word  plethora,  which  lueana 


PLETHORIC 


725 


PLEURITIS 


repletion,  Plero'si's,  expresses  a  superabundance 
of  blood  in  the  system,  or  in  some  part  of  it:  — 
hence  the  division  of  plethora  into  general  and 
local;  the  latter  being  called,  according  to  its 
scat,  cerebral,  pnlmonari/,  uterine,  &c.  The  prin- 
cipal symptoms  of  plethora  exist  in  the  circula- 
tory system ;  such  as  redness  of  the  surface, 
swelling  of  the  veins,  increase  in  the  fulness  of 
the  pulse,  in  the  strength  of  the  heart's  pulsa- 
tions, <fcc.,  with  spontaneous  hemorrhages  occa- 
sionally. With  these  are  usually  united  general 
heaviness,  torpor,  lassitude,  vertigo,  tinnitus  au- 
riuin,  flushes  of  heat,  <fec.  The  blood  of  plethoric 
persons  differs  from  healthy  blood  in  the  smaller 
ratio  of  water  which  it  contains,  and  especially 
in  the  augmentation  of  the  red  cori)uscles. 

The  tendency  to  plethora,  or  its  actual  exist- 
ence, must  be  obviated  by  purgatives,  proper  diet, 
exercise,  &c. ;  and,  if  the  danger  from  it  be  press- 
ing, by  blood-letting.  This  is,  however,  a  doubt- 
ful remedy  for  general  plethora,  as  it  increases 
hamatosis. 

Plktiio'ra  AnTEnio'sA  is  the  form  in  which 
the  blood  is  rich  in  fibrin  and  red  corpuscles — the 
arte' rial  conslitn'tion. 

Pi.KTiioiu,  Local,  Ilyperaemia  —  p.  Partialis, 
IlyperiBiiiia. 

PLETIIOR'IC,  Plethn'ricHK,  Polym'mic,  Po- 
Ij/tp/iiiiciin,  Sitiif/iii'ne,  Siiiiguin'eoiifi,  (F.)  Plelhn- 
riqite.  Same  etymon.  Full  of  blood.  Relating 
to  or  affected  with  plethora. 

PLETIIORICUS,  Plethoric. 

PLETIIORY,  Plethora. 

PLETIIOS,  Satiety. 

PLEUMON,  Pulmo. 

PLEUMONIA,  Pneumonia. 

PLEURA,  Pleurnm,  Pleuro'mn,  'the  side,  a 
rib.'  Membra' na  pleurit'iea  sueci'n'f/ciis  seu  c«»- 
tds  mieciti'ijeiis,  M.  seu  Tn'uica  coaialis  seu  siib- 
cosln'lia,  Ifypopleu'rios,  Hi/pezo'cus,  (P.)  Plivrc 
ou  Pleure.  The  plcura9  are  two  thin,  diaphanous, 
perspirable  membranes,  which  line  each  side  of 
the  chest,  and  are  reflected  thence  upon  each 
lung.  Like  all  serous  membranes  —  to  which 
class  they  belong — each  represents  a  sac  without 
aperture.  From  the  junction  of  the  pleura  of 
each  side  the  mediastina  are  formed.  That  por- 
tion of  the  pleura  which  lines  the  parietes  of  the 
chest  is  called  Pleura  Costa' lis  ;  the  portion  that 
covers  the  lungs.  Pleura  Pulmona'lis.  The  arte- 
ries of  the  pleura  are  from  the  intercostals,  in- 
ternal marainaries,  phrenic,  inferior  thyroid,  <fee. 
The  veins  correspond  with  the  arteries.  They 
are,  also,  supplied  with  lymphatics,  but  nerves 
are  not  traceable  in  thera. 

Pleura  is  also  used  for  Cavity  of  the  Pleura, 
S'lrrim  Pleura. 

PLEURAE.     The  sides  of  the  chest. 

PLEUR.\L,  Pleura' lis,  Pleu'ricve,  Pleu'rites. 
That  which  concerns  the  pleura:  —  as  a  pleural 
fistula  ; — pleural  cavity,  pleural  hemorrhage,  Ac. 

PLEURALGIA.  Pleurodyne. 

PLEURAPOPHYSES,  Costae  verae,  see  Costa. 

PLEURAPOSTEMA,  Ejnpyeraa. 

PLEURARTIIROC'ACE,  from  nXevpa,  'a  rib,' 
uoBpov,  'a  joint,'  and  Kaxos,  '  bad.'  Caries  of  the 
ribs. 

PLEURE.  Pleura. 

PLEURESIA,  Pleuritis. 

PLEURESIE,  Pkurisy— ;).  Fniwe,  Pleuro- 
dynia. 
■pLEURESIS,  Pleuritis. 

PLEURETIQUE,  IPIeuritic. 

PLEURTCUS,  Pleural. 

PLEURIS,  Pleuritis. 

PLEURISY,  Pleuritis 


Pleurisy,  Bilious,  Pleuri'tis  hilio'sn.  Pleu- 
risy accompanied  with  bilious  symptoms;  —  the 
effect  of  duodenitis  or  duodeno-hepatitis. 
Pleurisy.  False,  Pleurodynia. 
Pleurisy,  Head.  A  ridiculous  term,  occa- 
sionally used  by  the  vulgar,  in  the  Southern 
States  especially,  for  bilious  pneumonia  before 
the  pneumonitic  phenomena  are  developed,  and 
whilst  the  head  is  prominently  affected. 

Pleurisy,  Hemorrhagic,  Hsematothorax  — 
p.  Rheumatic,  Pleurodynia — p.  Root,  Asclepias 
tuberosa. 

Pleurisy,  Typhoid,  Pleuri'tis  typihoVdes  seu 
typho'des    seu    typho'sa.      Pleurisy  accompanied 
by  adynamic  symptoms. 
PLEURITES,  Pleural. 

PLEURIT'IC,  Pleurit'icus,  Pleurit'ieal,  (F.) 
Pleur^tique  ;  same  etymon  rs  pleuritis.  Relating 
or  appertaining  to  pleuritis  —  as  ' ])leuritic  pain.' 
PLEURI'TIS,  from  n\evpa,  'the  pleura;'  J/or- 
hu8  latera'lis  seu  pleurit'icus  seu  Costa'lis,  Em- 
pres'ma  seu  Cantiia  Pleuritis,  Pleuris,  Pleure'sis, 
Pleure'sin,  Pleuritis  costa'lis  seu  vera,  Pleurit'iea 
Fe.bris,  Passio  2)l<!urit'ica,  luflamma'tio  Pleurae, 
Pleurisy,  luflamma'tlon  of  the  Pleura,  (F.)  Pleu- 
resie,  Fiivre  pleurftique,  luflammation  de  hi 
Plivre,  may  be  acute  or  chronic.  Perhaps  the 
most  violent  of  all  internal  inflammations  is  the 
active  form  ;  known  by  acute,  lancinating  pain 
in  one  side  of  the  chest,  increased  by  inspiration, 
by  coughing,  and  often  by  pressure;  dyspnoea, 
the  inspirations  short  and  frequent;  cough  dry, 
or  with  little  expectoration  ;  and  difficulty  of 
lying  on  the  affected  side.  Symptoms,  attending 
the  phlegmasia!  in  general,  strongly  marked. 

Physical  Signs.  There  is  seldom  any  percep- 
tible alteration  in  the  exterior  of  the  chest.  When 
effusion  has  taken  place  to  a  great  extent,  the 
signs  will  be  similar  to  those  of  chronic  pleurisy. 
The  motion  of  the  affected  side  is  diminished, 
and  the  vibrations  of  the  voice  cannot  be  detected 
by  the  hand.  There  is  more  or  less  dulness  of 
sound  on  percussion,  the  dulness  diminishing  or 
disappearing  by  change  of  position.  On  auscul- 
tation, the  inspiration  is  feeble,  distant,  or  inau- 
dible ;  but  change  of  position  modifies  it.  Ego- 
phony  is  usually  present,  when  the  effusion  is  in 
moderate  quantity,  and  is  best  heard  over  a  por- 
tion of  the  thoracic  parietes,  represented  by  a 
band  of  three  inches,  running  from  below  the 
inferior  margins  of  the  scapula  in  the  direction 
of  the  ribs  to  the  sternum.  Simple  pleurisy 
rarely  attacks  both  sides  at  once  :  when  such  is 
the  case,  the  presence  of  tubercles  may  be  sus- 
pected. 

Formerly,  a  true  pleurisy  meant  one  seated  in 
the  pleura:  ^  mediastinal  pleurisy,  one  situated 
in  the  anterior  mediastinum  ;  and  false  pleurisy 
or  rhenmatismal  pleurisi),  that  which  occupies  the 
intercostal  muscles.  The  last  has  received  the 
name  Pleurodyn'ia  ;  that  of  ple}irisy  being  ex- 
clusively appropriated  to  inflammation  of  the 
pleura.  Pleurisy  has  also  been  distinguished  into 
dry  and  humid,  according  as  it  is  or  is  not  accom- 
panied by  expectoration.  Humid  or  moist  pleurisy 
is  now  properly  regarded  as  a  complication  of 
pleurisy  with  pulmonary  catarrh.  It  is  the  catar'- 
rhal pleurisy  of  some.  The  m.ajority  of  the  spe- 
cies of  pleurisy,  admitted  by  Sauvages,  consist 
of  complications. 

The  causes  of  pleurisy  are  like  those  of  other 
internal  inflammations.  It  may  terminate  by 
resolution,  effusion,  or  suppuration. 

Chronic    Pleurisy,  which  has  been  particu- 
larly described  by  Bayle,  Broussais,  and  Laen- 
nec,  most  commonly  terminates  by  a  serous  or 
purulent   effusion,    which    sometimes    simulates 
i  bydrothorax ;  at  others,  phthisis  pulmonalis.     It 


TLEUROCELE 


■26 


PLEXIMETER 


mny  form  slowly,  without  evident  symptoms;  or 
it  iiKiy  succeed  acute  pleurisy.  In  the  former 
case,  vague  pains  are  felt  in  the  chest,  with  small, 
dry  cough,  oppression  at  intervals,  shivering, 
irregular  febrile  symptoms,  and  hardness  of 
pulse. 

Physical  Signs.  The  afTccted  side  is  smoother, 
more  rounded  and  motionless :  the  intercostal 
spaces  are  dilated  and  filled  up,  or  may  even 
protrude  slightly.  In  very  chronic  cases,  how- 
ever, the  affected  side  may  be  smaller.  The  tri- 
angular space  above  the  clavicle  and  the  depres- 
sion immediately  above  the  sternum  arc  often 
drawn  downwards  on  the  diseased  side.  No  vi- 
bration is  experienced  by  the  hand  when  the 
patient  speaks.  The  parietes  of  the  thorax  are 
sometimes  oedematous,  and  fluctuation  may  be 
occasionally  felt  between  the  ribs.  On  percus- 
sion the  sound  is  dull,  or  if  clear,  only  so  in  the 
upper  portions  of  the  chest.  On  auscultation, 
there  is  an  absence  of  the  usual  sounds  over  the 
affected  parts,  excepting  occasionally  transmitted 
sounds.  There  are  no  physical  signs  that  can 
enable  us  to  know  whether  pus  or  serum  is  effused 
into  the  chest.  The  introduction  of  a  grooved 
needle  through  the  intercostal  space,  as  recom- 
mended by  Dr.  Thomas  Davies,  would  of  course 
settle  the  question. 

On  disHcction  of  those  who  have  died  of  pleu- 
risy, the  pleura  is  found  thickened,  red,  inflamed, 
ftnd  covered  with  membranous  exudations  or 
false  membranes.  Sometimes  it  seems  cartilagi- 
nous and  ossified.  Its  cavity  frequently  contains 
serous  or  sero-purulent  effusions. 

The  acute  form  of  the  disease  requires  the  most 
active  treatment.  General  blood-letting,  to  such 
an  extent  as  to  make  a  very  decided  impression 
on  the  system,  and  repeated  if  necessary.  This 
is  the  most  important  agent.  After  the  violence 
of  the  disease  has  been  got  over,  counter-irritants 
will  be  found  highly  beneficial;  as  well  as  when 
it  has  passed  into  the  chronic  state.  The  cough 
may  be  relieved  by  demulcents. 

Sauvages  has  given  the  name  Pi^eiiri'tis  Ven- 
To'sA,  and  Pringle  that  of  PLEURonYN'iA  Vex- 
To'sA,  to  a  pain  liehind  the  false  ribs,  attributed 
to  the  presence  of  air  in  the  intestines. 

Pleuritis  Bii-iosa,  Pleurisy,  bilious — p.  Bron- 
chialis.  Bronchitis — p.  Costalis,  Pleuritis  —  p. 
Diaphragmatica,  Diaphraginitis  —  p.  Ilumida, 
Bronchitis — p.  Musoularis,  Pleurodynia — p.  No- 
tha,  Pleurodynia — p.  Pericardii,  Pericarditis — p. 
Pulmonis,  Pleuropneumonia  —  p.  Kheumatica, 
Pleurodynia — p.  Spuria,  Pleurodynia — p.  Spuria 
simulata,  Pleurodynia  —  p.  Typhoides,  Pleurisy, 
typhoid  —  p.  Vera,  Pleuritis. 

PLEUROCE'LE,  from  TrXrapa,  'the  pleura,' 
and  Kr)\r,,  'a  tumour.'  Hernia  of  the  pleura, 
Hernia  plen'rica  et  pidmona'lis.  This  name, 
employed  by  Sagar,  is  inaccurate,  as  the  pleura 
never  protrudes  alone.  It  only  forms  a  hernia, 
when  it  serves  as  an  envelope  to  the  lung,  to  tu- 
mours, or  to  purulent  collections,  which  have 
protruded  from  the  thoracic  parietes. 

PLEUROCOLLE'SIS,  from  n'Xcvpa,  'the  pleu- 
ra,' and  Ko\'Sciu),  'I  glue.'  An  adhesion  between 
the  pleura  costalis  and  pleura  pulmonalis. 
PLEURODYNE,  Pleurodynia. 
PLEURODYN'IA,  PlenraVgia,  Pneudo-plen- 
ri'tis,  Paeiido-plenrisi/,  Pleiirod'yne,  Autal'gia 
doloro'sa,  Parap/euri'tis,  Slethorrheu'ma,  liheii- 
viativ'mns  pec'loria,  Phiiri'tis  rheumat'iea  seu 
mnacnla'ria  seu  notha  seu  spn'ria  seu  apn'ria 
aimida'ta,  Pneumn'nia  exter'nn,  Lagonnp'onoa, 
Thornnnd'yne,  Dolnr  Pec'loria  exter'nua,  Pain  in 
the  aide',  Stitch  in  the  side,  Fohe,  rhrnmat'ic  or 
rhenmatia'nial  pleurisy,  (Old  Eng.)  Shntt,  (Sc.) 
Caik,  (F.)  Point  de  c6te,  Douleur  de  c6li,  Pleu- 


riaie  f ansae ;  from  irXtu/ia,  'the  side  or  pleura,' 
and  o&v\r,i,  '  pain.'  A  spasmodic  or  rheuinatio 
afi'ection,  generally  seated  in  the  muscles  of  tlio 
chest,  and,  ordinarily,  in  the  intcrcoslals.  It  is 
usually  augmented  by  outward  pressure,  inspira- 
tion, coughing,  exertion,  moving  the  thorax,  and 
sometimes  even  the  corresponding  arm.  It  is 
unaccompanied  by  fever,  cough,  or  dysiuicea,  ex- 
cepting under  the  form  of  a  stitch,  when  dyspna^a 
exists.  It  is,  generally,  by  no  means  obstinaic, 
and  yields  promptly  to  warm  applications  and  to 
cupping  or  leeches.  If  it  still  resists,  a  blister 
will,  almost  always,  remove  it. 

Pleurodynia  Ventosa,  Pleuritis  ventosa. 
PLEUROMA,  Costa,  Pleura. 
PLEUROPATIU'A,  from  -rlivpa,  'the  pleurii,' 
and  iTttOos,  '  a  disease.'     A  disease  of  the  pleura, 

PLEUROPERI  PNEU'MONY,  Plenmpcri- 
pnennio'nia,  Pleuropnenmo'nia,  Pnenmanopleiirc'- 
ais,  Pneumonoplcnri'tis,P/curi'tis  pulmo'nls,  Pnm. 
mn'nin  pleuritis.  Inflammation  occupying  the 
pleura  and  the  lung  at  the  same  time.  Pleurisy 
and  peripneumony  existing  simultaneously.  Plnj. 
sicnl  signs.  A  dull  sound  is  yielded  by  percus- 
sion for  a  variable  extent  over  the  more  depen- 
dent portions  of  the  affected  side.  The  loss  of 
sound  is  partially  modified  by  change  of  position. 
The  respiratory  murmur  on  auscultation  is  very 
feeble  or  absent  inferiorly;  higher  up,  the  crepi- 
tation or  bronchial  resj)iration  of  pneumonia  may 
be  detected  ;  round  the  root  of  the  lung,  and  nenr 
the  inferior  angle  of  the  scap.ula,  egophony  is 
generally  present.  There  is  seldom  much  en- 
largement of  the  affected  side,  or  displacement 
of  the  adjacent  organs,  as  in  the  case  of  simple 
chronic  pleurisy. 

PLEITROPNEIIMA,  Pneumathorax. 
PLEUROPNEUMONIA,  Pleuropcripncu- 
mony. 

PLEUROPNEUMONITIS,  Pleuroperipncu- 
mony. 

PLEUROPYESIS,  Empyema. 
PLEURORRIIAGIA,  Haematothorax. 
PLEURORRHffi'A,  from    r:\cvfn,  '  the   side,' 
and  pew,  '  I  flow.'     Accumulation  of  fluid  in  the 
pleura. 

PLEURORRHCEACHyLOSA,Chylothorax— p.Lyni- 
phatica,  llydrothorax  — p.  Purulenta,  Empyema 
— p.  Sangiiinea,  Haematothorax — p.  Serosa,  lly- 
drothorax. 

PLEURORTHOPNCE'A,  from  irXtupa,  'the 
side,'  oi)%i,  'erect,' and  nvtu),  'I  respire.' _  Pain 
of  the  side,  which  does  not  permit  the  patient  to 
breathe,  except  when  in  the  vertical  position. 

PLEUROSO.'MUS,  from  7rXf«/)a,  'side.'  and 
atajm,  'body.'  A  malformation  in  which  the  fis- 
sure is  somewhat  lateral,  with  eventration  ex- 
tending chiefly  upon  the  upper  part  of  the  abdo- 
men and  upon  the  chest;  the  upper  extreinify 
of  the  fissured  side  being  more  or  less  atrophied. 
— Vogel. 

PLEUROSTO'SIS,  from  TrXtupa,  'the  pleura,' 
and  oartov,  'a  bone.'  Ossification  of  the  pleura, 
or  in  the  cavity  of  the  pleura.  Ostenpleu'rin. 
PLEUROTETANUS,  Pleurothotonos. 
PLEUROTHOT'ONOS,  Pleurot'onns,  Plevro. 
tet'anua.  Tetanus  latera'lia,  from  ir'StvpnScv,  'late- 
rally,' and  Tovoi,  'tension.'  A  variety  of  tetanns, 
in  which  the  body  is  curved  laterally  by  the 
stronger  contraction  of  the  muscles  of  one  side 
of  the  body. 

PLEUROTONOS,  Pleurothotonos. 

PLEURUM,  Costa,  Pleura. 

PLEVRE,  Pleura. 

PLEXIM'ETER,  Ple.com'cter,  Plegom'eter, 


TLEXOMETER 


■27 


TLORATUS 


Plenntni'eler,  Anticopoacop'iiiin,  Aittiop'oacope, 
(F.)  I'leHsimitre,  from  n\t)aau>,  'I  strike,'  and 
IHTfi'iv,  '  measure,'  'a  measure  of  percussion.'  An 
ivory  plate  of  a  circular  or  ovoiil  shape,  from  an 
inch  ami  a  half  to  two  inches  in  diameter,  and 
about  one-sixth  of  an  inch  in  thickness.  It  has 
either  a  raised  rim  or  edge,  or  projecting  handles 
on  its  upi)er  side,  to  permit  its  being  held  between 
the  finger  and  thumb  of  the  left  hand,  whilst  it 
is  struck  with  the  right.  It  is  used  in  percussion 
of  the  chest.  A  piece  of  metal,  a  coin,  or  the 
finger  of  the  left  hand  may  be  used  with  equal 
advantage.  —  See  Percussion,  mediate. 

PLEXOMETER,  Plo.ximeter. 

PLEXOR,  from  irXriaaio,  'I  strike.'  PlesKer. 
Any  instrument  employed  in  percussion.  The 
ends  of  the  fingers  of  the  right  hand  brought  to- 
getlier  are  the  best  plexor ;  as  the  finger  of  the 
left  is,  perhaps,  the  best  jjlexinielci: 

PLEXUS,  Pler/nia,  Plec'tdiie,  Plniie,  Refe,  from 
irXtKo),  plecfo,  '1  interlace,'  '  I  entwine.'  (F.)  Lucis. 
A  network  of  blood-vessels  or  of  nerves.  The 
nervous  plexuses,  hDplicntio'nes  reticnla'rei  seu 
Textu»  iii'rvorum  belong  —  some  to  the  system  of 
encephalic  nerves — others  to  that  of  the  great  sym- 
pathetic; whilst  some,  as  the  ))haryngeal,  seem 
to  bo  formed  of  the  two  sets.  The  plexuses  re- 
present complex  networks,  with  more  or  less 
loose  meshes,  formed  by  the  numerous  and  diver- 
sified anastomoses  of  the  nervous  filaments  :  from 
which  proceed  other  branches,  that  are  distri- 
buted to  organs,  or  to  other  plexuses. 

Pr.KXiis,  Cardiao,  Cardiac  plexus — p.  Carotid, 
see  Carotid  nerve  —  p.  Cavernosus,  Bulbus  vesti- 
buli  —  p.  Chornides,  see  Choroid  —  p.  Choroideus 
Medius,  Choroidea  tela  —  p.  Ciliaris,  Ciliary  liga- 
ment— p.  O(p/ioifue,  Coeliac  plexus — p.  Coronnrius 
ventriculi,  Gastric  plexus — p.  Coronary,  see  Car- 
diac plexus,  and  Coronary  plexus  —  p.  Gangli- 
formis  semilunaris,  Coeliac  plexus  —  p.  Oanglio- 
formes,  (Janglions,  nervous  —  p.  (rlandiformes, 
fjanglions,  nervous — p.  Glandulosi  Peyeri,  Peyeri 
glandulic — p.  Ilederaoeus,  Corpus  pampiniforme 
—  p.  Ilepaticus,  Hepatic  plexus  —  p.  Infra-thy- 
roideal,  see  Thyroideal  veins — /).  Lomho-nbdomi- 
nal.  Lumbar  plexus — p.  Median,  Cadiac  plexus — 
p.  Mcsenterii  proprius  ct  maximus,  Cceliac  plexus 
— p.  Nervorum  anserinus.  Facial  nerve — p.  Opix- 
togastrique,  Coeliac  plexus  —  p.  Painpiniformis, 
Corpus  pampiniforme  —  p.  Pharyngeal,  see  Pha- 
ryngeal nerve  — p.  Pneumogastricus,  see  Pneu- 
mogastrie  nerve  —  p.  Retiforrais,  Corpus  eaver- 
nosum  vaginae — p.  Reticularis,  Bulbus  vestibuli, 
Choroides  plexus  —  p.  Solar,  Coeliac  plexus — p. 
Som-m(Hen1erique,  Hypogastric  ])lexus — p.  Tenti- 
CM/m/rc,  Spermatic  plexus — p.  Trachelo-8oii«-cn- 
tanS,  Cervical  plexus  —  p.  Vasculnsus  funiculi 
spermatid  pampiniformis,  Corpus  pampiniforme. 

PLICA,  from  plico,  irXtKu),  '  to  fold,'  Tricho'sh 
plica,  Tricho'ma,  Trichono'sia  plica,  Tricw,  T. 
Jiicuho'rHin  seu  Scrofo'riim,  Plica  Polonica  seu 
Polon'icn  Juda'ica  seu  Cachec'tica  seu  Saxoii'ica 
seu  caput  Jfecln'/KB  seu  loitgicau'da  latera'/ia, 
Affet'tio  Sarmat'ica,  Lues  Sarmal'ica  seu  Poloii'- 
ica  seu  Trichomat'ira,  IIcIo'hih,  Jlclo'tis,  Cir'ra- 
grn,  Cir'rhagra,  C.  Poloiio'rxm,  Eephjj' ma  trieh- 
o'liia,  Morhits  Cirrho'rum,  Oomn  Cmsa'rea,  Kolto, 
Phnpnlo'sis,  Plica'tio,  Plicatu'ra,  Matted  hair. 
Plaited  hair,  Trichom'atose  hair,  (F.)  Plique,  P. 
Polnnaiiie.  A  disease  endemic  in  Poland,  Lithu- 
ania, and  other  parts  of  Northern  Europe;  so 
called  on  account  of  its  being  characterized  by 
interlacing,  twisting,  and  agglutination  or  matting 
of  the  hair.  By  some  it  has  been  regarded  as  a 
real  disease  ;  by  others,  as  the  want  of  attention 
to  cleanliness.  However  this  may  be,  it  gene- 
rally appears  upon  the  hair  of  the  head,  but  some- 
times iu  that  of  other  parts,  as   the   beard,  the 


hair  on  the  axilla,  pubes,  Ac.  Alibert  admits 
three  species  of  plica.  1.  Plica  multiform' is  or 
Plica  caput  Medu's<p,  in  which  the  hairs  are 
mixed  and  agglutinated  in  greater  or  less  masses  ; 
and  this  has  been  again  subdivided  into  two  va- 
rieties, according  as  the  meshes  are  almost 
straight  (P.  C.  M.  lacinin'ta,  (F.)  Plique  en  la- 
viercs)  or  much  twisted,  (F.)  P.  en  vrilles.)  2. 
Plica  lourjicau'dd,  (F.)  Plique  solitaire  OU  d 
queue  ;  when  the  hair  is  united  into  a  single  long 
mass,  and  3.  Plica  cespito'sa,  (F.)  Plique  en  masie, 
in  which  the  hairs  are  matted  into  one  large, 
shapeless  mass.  Pinel  places  this  disease  amongst 
the  Cutaneous  plilei/masicB  ;  but  it  is  far  from  de- 
monstrated, that  it  is  the  result  of  inflammation 
of  the  skin.  Certain  it  is,  however,  that  the 
tangling  of  the  hair  is  symptomatic  of  an  affec- 
tion—  sui  i/eneris  —  of  the  dermoid  system.  The 
idea  that  it  is  entirely  owing  to  want  of  cleanliness, 
as  has  been  conceived  by  some,  is  not  tenable. 
It  has  been  supposed  to  be  produced  by  a  fungous 
growth — a  nn/coderma  or  trichomnphyte. 

Plica,  Plectane  —  p.  Caehectica,  Plica  —  p. 
Caput  MedustB,  Plica  —  p.  Centralis  retinas,  see 
Optic  nerve  —  p.  Longicauda  lateralis,  Plica  —  p. 
Lnnata,  Valvula  semilunaris  —  p.  Polonica,  Plita 

—  p.  Polonica  Judaica,  Plica — p.  Saxonica,  Plica 

—  p.  Semilunaris,  Valvula  semilunaris. 

PLiCyE  CoNNivKNTBS,  Valvulaa  conniventes — p. 
Semilunares,  see  Urinary  bladder,  and  Uterus. 

PLICATIO,  Plica. 

PLICATURA,  Plica. 

PLICATUR.E  CEREBRI,  Gyri  cerebri. 

PLICHOS,  Perin.T>um. 

PLIN'THIUM,  ttXivSio)'.  a  machine  invented 
by  one  Nileus,  which  was  formerly  employed  in 
the  reduction  of  fractures  and  luxations.  Scul- 
tetus  describes  it  in  his  Armamentarium  Chirur- 
tjicum. 

PLIQUE,  Plica  —  ?).  Polonaise,  Plica. 

PLOCARIA  CANDIDA,  Fucus  amylaceus  — 
p.  Ilelminthochorton,  Corallina  Corsicana. 

PLOMn,  Plumbum. 

PLOMB  ^F.).  The  sulphuretted  gas  disen- 
gaged from  privies,  which  proves  fatal  at  times 
to  the  nightmcn,  (F.)  Vidanijeurs,  engaged  in 
emptying  them. 

PLOMB,  ACETATE  ACTDE  T)E,  Plumbi 
superacotas — p.  Blanc,  Plumbi  subcarbonas  —  ;;. 
Blanc  de,  Plumbi  subcarbonas — p.  Carbonate  de, 
Plumbi  subcarbonas — p.  Chlorure  de,  Plumbi 
chloridum — ;).  lodure  de,  Plumbi  iodidum — p. 
Nitrate  de,  Plumbi  nitras — p.  Oxide  de,  fondu, 
Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreum — p.  Oxide  rou(je  de, 
Plumbi  oxydum  rubrum — p.  Oxide  semi-vitreux 
de,  Plumbi  oxydum  semivitreum. 

PLOMB  AGE  PES  DENTS,  Plugging. 

PLOMBAGINE,  Graphites. 

PLOMBIFIHES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Pontes  medica'ti  Plumba'rii,  ThermtB  Plumbaritp. 
Plombieres  is  a  town  in  the  department  of  the 
Vosges,  17  leagues  from  Nancy,  and  two  from 
Remiremont.  Here  are  several  sources  of  ther- 
mal water.  That  which  is  called  Saponaceous 
(F.)  Savouneuse,  is  formed  of  the  subcarbonnre 
and  sulphate  of  soda,  chloride  of  sodium,  silica., 
carbonate  of  lime,  and  much  vegeto-animal  mat- 
ter. This  last  component,  when  held  in  solution 
by  means  of  the  subcarbonate  of  soda,  gives  to 
the  water  an  unctuous  character.  This  is  the 
origin  of  its  name.  The  waters  of  Plorabifires 
are  employed  as  solvents  in  engorgements  of  the 
abdominal  viscera,  and  as  alteratives  in  chronio 
diseases  of  the  skin. 

PLORATIO,  Lacrymatio. 

PLORATUS,  Lacrymatio. 


PLOTUS 


728 


PLUMBUM 


PLOTUS,  Leiopus. 
PLOUK,  Papula. 

PLUGGING,  (Sw.) /'/"^^.(r.)  Tamponnement. 
The  act  of  stopping  a  hole.  The  introduction  of 
H  plug  or  riossil  of  lint  or  rag  into  a  wound  or 
natural  cavity — as  the  uterus  or  vagina — to  arrest 
lieniorrhage;  or  of  some  substance  into  a  carious 
tooth  to  prevent  toothache,  (F.)  Plombage  dea 
dents.     See  Filling. 

PLUKE,  Papula. 

PLUM,  Prunum,  Prunus  domestica  —  p.  Assy- 
rian, Sebestina. 

PLUMA,  Lanugo. 

PLUMACEAU,  Pledget. 

PLUMACEOLUS,  Pad,  Pledget. 

PL  U.UA  SSEA  U,  Pledget. 

PLUMBAGO,  Graphites,  Persicaria. 

Pli'mba'go  Europ^'a,  P.  lapathifu'lia  seu  nn- 
didit'tu,  from  plnmbnm,  'lead,'  because  covered 
with  lead-coloured  spots,  JJenta'ria,  Crepanel'la, 
S/niiiiKt'n'a,  Deiitela' rin,  Leadwort,  (F.)  Dente- 
hiire,  Herbe  au  Cancer,  3Ialherbe.  Ord.  Plumba- 
ginacese.  Se^i:.  Si/st.  Pentandria  Monogynia. 
The  root  was  formerly  much  esteemed  as  a  cure 
for  toothache,  like  the  Pel'litory  of  Spain,  which 
is  also  called  Dentarin. 

PLUMBI  ACETAS,  P.  superacetas— p.  Acetas 
dilutum  alcoholicum.  Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis 
(lilutus  —  p.  Aeidulus  siccus,  Plumbi  superacetas 

—  p.  Carbonas,  P.  subcarbonas. 

Plumbi  Chlo'ridum,  Chloride  of  Lend,  (F.) 
Chlorure  de  P/omb.  This  salt  of  lead  has  been 
used  in  the  form  of  lotion  and  ointment  in  can- 
cerous ulcerations. 

Plumbi  Dkutoxthum  Rubrdm,  P.  Oxydum 
rubruin  —  p.  Ilydriodas,  P.  lodidum  —  p.  lodhy- 
dras,  P.  lodidum. 

Plumbi  lon'iDUii,  P.  lodiire'titm  seu  ff^dri'- 
odnn  seu  Hi/droi'odns  seu  lodhy'draa,  Plnnibum 
iodd'tam  seu  Hi/dro'iod'ieum,  I'odide  or  lod'uret 
of  Ledd,  (F.)  lodnre  de  Plomb,  I.  plomblque. 
This  salt  is  formed  by  the  double  decomposition 
of  iodide  of  potdsnium  and  nitrate  of  lead.  It  is 
used  in  scrofulous  affections  internally  and  ex- 
ternally ;  and  is  officinal  in  the  Pharmacopoeia 
U.  S.  1851.     Dose,  gr.  ss  to  gr.  iij  or  iv. 

Plumbi  Iodijretum,  P.  lodidum. 

Plumbi  Nitras,  Plnmbnm  ni'tricnm,  Nilrna 
phimh'ifus,  Nitrum  satunii'nuni.  Nitrate  of  lead, 
(F.)  Nitrate  ou  Azofate  de  Plomb.  A  salt  formed 
1\V  the  action  of  diluted  nitric  acid  on  litharye. 
Nitrate  of  lead  has  the  same  medical  action  as 
t'.ie  other  soluble  salts  of  lead,  and  is  a  valuable 
a.itibromie.  It  has  been  used,  also,  as  an  exci- 
tant antiseptic  to  wounds,  ulcers,  <fec.,  and  is  the 
basis  of  Ledoyen's  disinfecting  liquid. 

Plumbi  Nitrosac'charas,  Nitrosac'charate  of 
l<-ad.  (Sncchnr.  p.  j  ;  Acid,  nitric,  p.  ij  ;  AqncB 
p.  X.)  Beat  together  in  a  porcelain  dish  as  long 
ns  chemical  action  continues:  dilute  the  liquor 
with  water,  neutralize  with  chalk,  and  to  the  fil- 
tered solution  add  acetate  of  lead  so  long  as  a 
precipitate  is  formed.  Collect,  wash,  and  dry 
the  precipitate,  which  is  saccharate  of  lead.  Dis- 
solve in  dilute  nitric  acid,  (one  part  acid  to 
nineteen  of  water,)  filter  and  evaporate  to  form 
crystals,  which  are  transparent,  of  an  amber 
colour,  and  in  regular  hexagonal  plates  or 
prisms. 

Advised  as  a  solvent  of  phosphatic  calculi. 

Plumbi  Oxydum  Album,  Plumbi  subcarbonas 

—  p.  Oxydum  carbonatum  per  aeidum  acetosum, 
Plumbi  subcarbonas — p.  Oxydum  fusum,  PI. 
oxydum  semivitreum. 

Plumbi   Oxydum   Eubiium,   Min'ium,   Miltua, 


Dentox'i/dnm pininbi  rnbrnni,  Snporox'i/duin  Plum- 
bo'siiiii,  Plnmbnm  o.ri/do'lnm  rnbrnm  sou  super'- 
O.rydatnm,  Saudix,  Simili/jc,  lied  lead,  (F.)  Ujide 
de  plomb  ronge.  It  is  sometimes  used  to  kill 
vermin. 

Plumbi  Ox'ydum  Semivit'rf.um,  Plnmbnm 
oxyda'tum,  Lithar'gyrns,  Lithan/yrnm,  Lilliar. 
gyr'inm,  Oxydum  jilnmbi fnsnm,  S/inma  an/rnl'i, 
Semi-vit' rifled  oxyd  if  lead  or  litharge,  Ctilriteo'- 
sa,  Cath'niia,  (F.)  Oxide  de  plomb  fondn,  Uxide 
de  plomb  semivitrenx,  (a  }'ellovv  protoxyd  of  lend, 
prepared  by  heat,  combined  with  carbonic  acid.) 
It  occurs  in  scales  of  a  whitish-red  colour,  and 
semi-vitrified.  It  is  employed  for  pharniacculical 
purposes,  as  in  the  Liquor  plnmhi  acelalia,  Em- 
plantrnm  plumbi,  &o.  Formerly,  the  Litharge  of 
gold,  Chrysi'tia,  Maa'sicot,  and  Litharge  <f  aitver, 
Almariab,  were  distinguished  in  commerce. 
These  were  merely  ordinary  litharge,  resembling 
gold  or  silver  in  colour. 

Plumbi  Subcar'bonas,  Cnr'bnnaa  plumbi  seu 
plumbicna,  Plumbi  Carbonna  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Plnm- 
bnm carbonicnm,  PI.  oxyda'tum  cnrhnn'icum  Mu- 
giste'rinm  plumbi,  Oxydum  plnmhialbnm,  Ceruaaa, 
yEru'  go  plumbi,  Paimmyth'iou,  Paym'mython,  Sim- 
mitium.  Flake  white,  Blanca,  Geraa,  If'Jidea.  Sub- 
car'bonate  of  lead,  Ceruaae,  White  lend,  (F.)  Car- 
bonate de  plomb,  Blanc  de  plomb,  Plomb  blnnc, 
Ch-nae,  Blanc  d' Argent,  Blanc  de  Cernae,  Blanc 
de  Krema,  B.  de  Crema,  B.  de  Kremnitz,  Craie  de 
plomb,  (prepared  by  exposing  spiral  rolls  of  lead 
to  the  fumes  of  vinegar,  in  vessels  placed  in  dung.) 
It  is  inodorous;  has  a  sweet  taste;  is  brittle; 
friable ;  snow  white,  and  of  a  minute,  scaly  tex- 
ture. It  is  astringent  and  sedative,  and  ia 
sprinkled  on  parts  affected  with  local  inflamma- 
tion, or  to  prevent  chafing  in  children.  It  ia 
also  used  in  the  formation  of  ointments  and 
plasters. 

Plumbi  Superace'tas,  Cerva'aa  aceta'ta,Plumli 
acid'nlna  aicrua,  P.  aee'taa  (Ph.  U.  S.),  «SV(/  seu 
aac'charnm  Sotur'ni,  Plumbum  ace'ticnm,  Dnlce'do 
Satur'ni,  Acetaa  plum'bienm  cryatnlliaa'tnm,  Snl 
plumbi.  Sugar  of  lead,  Snpcruc"eiate  of  lead, 
I*rotoac"enite  of  lend,  (F.)  Acetate  aeide  de 
plomb,  Sel  ou  ancre  de  Satnrne.  (Plumb,  carb. 
fbj,  Acid  acetic,  cong.  IJ.  Boil  the  lead  with 
the  acid  till  it  is  saturated  ;  then  strain  through 
paper,  and  evaporate  to  a  pellicle,  that  crystals 
may  be  formed.  Wash  the  crystals  and  dry  on 
blotting-paper.  Ph.  L.)  The  acetate  of  lead  haa 
a  sweet,  styptic  taste;  a  very  white  colour,  and 
silky  lustre.  It  is  astringent;  and,  in  weak  solu- 
tion, cooling  and  sedative  ;  in  atrong,  stimulant. 
It  is  given  internally,  in  visceral  and  other  he- 
morrhages, combined  with  opium,  and  is  used 
externally,  in  solution,  in  inflammation,  burns, 
bruises,  gonorrhoea,  Ac.     Dose,  gr.  ss  to  iss. 

Plumbi  Tannas,  see  Tannin. 

PLUMBICUM  ACETAS  CRYSTALLISA- 
TUM,  Plumbi  superacetas. 

PLUMBOSUM  SUPEROXYDUM,  Plumbi 
oxydum  rubrum. 

PLUMBUM,  Molyb'doa,  Molibdna,  Saturn'ua, 
Capricor'nna,  (F.)  Plomb.  Lead.  A  solid  raetal 
of  a  bluish  white  colour ;  more  malleable  than 
ductile:  soft  enough  to  be  scratched  by  the  nail; 
very  fusible  and  oxydizable,  when  heated  in  the 
air,  and  existing,  in  nature,  under  a  number 
of  difl'erent  shapes;  the  principal  of  which  are 
those  of  sulphuret  and  oxyd.     S.  g.  11.352. 

Its  use  is  to  form  oxides  and  salts.  In  its  me- 
tallic state,  it  has  no  action  upon  the  body ;  but 
when  oxydized  or  united  with  an  acid,  it  acts,  in 
large  doses,  as  a  powerfully  astringent  poison. 

Plumbum  Aceticum,  Plumbi  superacetas  —  p. 
Album,  Tin— p.  Candidum,  Tin— p.  Carbonicum, 


PLUMIERA   ALBA 


20 


TNEUMOGASTRIC 


riumbi  Bubcarbonas  —  p.  Cinereurn,  Bismuth, 
fiibnitrate  of — p.  Ilydroiodicum,  Pluuibi  lodi- 
iliiin — p.  lodalum,  Pluinbi  lodiduiii — p.  Nigrum, 
(iraphiti's — p.  Nitricuin,  Pluinbi  nitras — p.  Oxy- 
(latuui,  Pluinbi  oxyduin  seinivitreuin — p.  Oxyda- 
tuin  carbi)nit;uin,  Pluinbi  subcarbonas  —  p.  Oxy- 
diituin  rubruin,  Pluinbi  oxydum  rubrum  —  p.  Su- 
])eruxydatuin,  Pluinbi  oxydum  semivitreum. 

PLUMll'J'llA  ALIiA;  Cc(/cc,  Apocynaceae ;  a 
native  ol'  tropical  America,  has  a  milky  juice 
which  is  ciUliartic. 

Pmimikiia  Duas'tica,  is  given  in  Brazil  in 
jaun<licL',  and  chronic  obstructions,  [?j  mixed 
with  milk  of  almonds. 

Plumikua  PHAORDyE'NicA,  is  In  repute  in  Bra- 
zil as  an  anthelmintic. 

PLUMS,  SKEDKD,  see  Diospyros  Virginiana 
—  p.  Winter,  see  Diospyros  Virginiana  —  p.  Yel- 
low, see  Diospyros  Virginiana. 

PLUN(JK  BATH,  see  Bath. 

PLUNGING  SIPHON,  see  Siphon. 

PLUNKETT'S  CAUSTIC  FOR  CANCERS, 
Plunkett's  Ointment. 

Pi.uxkett's  OlNTMKNT,  Pluulcett's  Cnitstic  for 
Cancers.  This  empirical  cancer  remedy  consists 
of  Arseniuim  acid,  Sulphur,  and  the  powdered 
flowers  of  the  lidinincuhia Jiammula  and  Cotula 
fa-iidd  ;  —  levigated  and  made  into  a  paste  with 
the  white  of  egg,  and  applied,  on  a  piece  of  pig's 
bladder,  to  the  surface  of  the  cancer. 

PLURAL  BIRTH,  see  Multiparous. 

PLU'TEA.  Avicenna  gives  this  name  to  du- 
plicatures  of  the  dura  mater,  such  as  the  IWx 
cerebri. 

PLUTONIUM,  Barium. 

PNEOBIOMANTIA,  Docimasia  pulmonum. 

PNEOBIOMANTICA,  Docimasia  pulmonum. 

PNEUMA,  Air,  Life.  See  Pneumatic  Physi- 
cians. 

PNEUMAPOSTE'MA,  Pneu7no>inpnste'ma,  Ah- 
trensun  pulmo' nnm  ;  from  ttvcviiuiv,  'the  lung;' and 
oiruffn;^!!,  'abscess.'     Abscess  of  the  lung. 

PNEUMARTHRO'SIS,  from  nviv^a,  '  air,'  and 
(ipSpoK.  'articulation.'  Secretion  of  air  into  an 
articular  cavity.  Seen  at  times  after  acute  rheu- 
matism, but  soon  disappearing  [?]. 

PNEUMATELECTASIS,  Atelectasis  pulmo- 
num. 

PNEUMATH^'MIA,  PueumatcB'mia,  from 
TTvcviin,  TTVivpiaToq,  '  air,'  and  'ain<i,  '  blood.'  A 
morbid  condition  in  which  air  is  developed  in  the 
bloodvessels. — Cless. 

PNEUMATHORAX,  Pneumothora.x. 

PNEUMAT'IC,  Pneumal'icus,  Pneumat'ical; 
(F.)  Piieumatique,  from  vvevjia,  irvnifiaTo;,  'life, 
air.'     Relating  to  pneuma,  air  or  health. 

PNEUMAT'ir  Physicians,  Pnenmat'id.  Name 
given  to  a  sect  of  physicians,  at  the  head  of  whom 
WHS  Athenujus,-  who  made  health  and  disease  to 
consist  in  the  different  proportions  of  an  element 
— which  they  called  Pueuma,  Ttvtvfia — to  those  of 
the  other  elementary  principles.  ThisTrfEu/^a  was 
a  fancied  spiritual  iiriiiciple,  which  the  Stoics  re- 
garded as  an  element,  different  from  water,  air, 
earth  and  fire  ;  —  the  sole  elementary  principles 
previously  admitted. 

PNEUMAT'ICA,  from  Trvtu/ia,  )rvtti//«roc,  'air.' 
Appertaining  to  the  breathing.  Diseases  of  the 
respiratory  function  ; — the  second  class  in  Good's 
system  of  nosology.  Agents  that  act  on  the  re- 
spiratory organs. — Pereira. 

PNEUMATICAL,  Pneumatic. 

PNEUMATOCELE,  Physocele, 
PNEUMATO'DES,  from  Trt-u'/ia,  'wind,'  and  ; 


fiii.,j,  'resemblance.'     One  distended  with  air,  or 
who  breathes  with  difiBculty,  owing  to  an  accumu- 
lation of  flatus  in  the  digestive  tube ;  or,  accord- 
ing to  others,  owing  to  emphysema. 
PNEUMATOMETER,  Spirometer. 

PNEUiMATOMPHALOCELE,  Pneumatom- 
phalus. 

PNEUMATOM'PHALUS,    Pueumalom 
ce  le,  from  iniviin,  nviifidTOi,  'air,'  and    ufKjioXos, 
'the    umbilicus.'     Umbilical    intestinal    hernia, 
containing  a  considerable  quantity  of  flatus. 

PNEUMATOR'RHACIIIS,  from  t.-..^,  .-,  rrviv- 
liaToi,  '  air,'  and  'pa)(^ii,  '  the  spine.'  Accumula- 
tion of  air  in  the  vertebral  canal. 

PNEUMATOSE,  Pneumatosis— p.  Peritoneule, 
Tympanites. 

PNEUMATO'SIS,  Aero'six,  from  Ti£u,<a,  nvtv- 
liaros,  'air.'  Flatus,  (F.)  Mtdadie  venteuse,  Pneii- 
iiiutoie.  Flatulence.  Flatulent  distension  of  the 
stomach  or  bowels,  or  both.  Sauvages  uses  the 
word  synonymously  with  emphysema.  It  is  now 
generally  employed  for  every  abnormous  collec- 
tion of  gaseous  matters  in  any  part  of  the  body. 

Pneumatosis,  Emphysema  —  p.  Abdominis, 
Tympanites  — p.  Eiiterica,  Coliea  flatulenta  — p. 
Pericardii,  Pneumo-pericardium  —  p.  Pulmonum, 
Emphysema  of  the  lungs  —  p.  Ventriculi,  et 
Pneumatosis  enterica.  Flatulence. 

PNEUMATOTHORAX,  Pneumothorax. 

PNEUMECTASIS,  Emphysema  of  the  Lungs. 

PNEUMOCACE,  Necropneumonia. 

V'^EVMOCE'LE.  Hernia  pulmo'uix,  (F.)  Her- 
nie  du  ponmou.  Hernia  of  the  lung  through  one 
of  the  intercostal  sjjaces. 

PNEUMOCHOLOSIS,  Pneumonia  (bilious). 

PNEUMOCHYSIS,  (Edema  of  the  lungs. 

PNEUMOECTASIE,  Emphysema  of  the 
lungs. 

PNEUMOGAS'TRIC,  Ptieumoc/ns'tricug,  (F.) 
Pneumogaxtrique,  from  ^vtvyaav,  'the  lung,'  and 
yaarrip.  'the  stomach.'  Belonging  to  the  lungs 
and  stomach. 

Pnedmogastric  Nerves,  Eighth  pair  of  nerves 
(Tenth  pair,  of  some,)  Par  vaijum.  Pars  varja, 
Nervns  vayua  seu  ambulalo'rius  sou  puenmoqas'- 
trieuH  seu  dec"imns  seu  sijmpath'iciis  me' dins.  Mid- 
dle sympathetic,  (F.)  Nerfs  pneumof/astriqiiet  ou 
vagues ;  so  called  because  it  is  distributed  espe- 
cially to  the  organs  contained  in  the  chest  and  ab- 
domen. This  nerve  arises  from  behind  the  emi- 
nentiffi  olivariae  and  near  the  corpora  restiformia 
by  one  or  two  rows  of  filaments,  regularly  arranged. 
These  filaments  unite  to  form  a  flat  cord,  which 
issues  from  the  cranium  by  the  foramen  lacerum 
posterius ;  behind  the  glosso-pharyngeal  nerve. 
At  its  exit  from  the  cranium,  the  pneumogastric 
nerve  has  the  appearance  of  a  very  compact 
plexus  —  Plexus  (jauf/liform'is,  Gamjlinn  of  the 
superior  laryngeal  branch,  of  Sir  Astley  Cooper. 
It  then  descends  along  the  neck,  deeply  seated 
on  the  outside  of  the  carotid  artery  and  the  inter- 
nal jugular  vein.  When  it  has  attained  the  lower 
part  of  the  neck,  it  enters  the  chest,  gliding  be- 
hind the  subolavian  vein,  and  j)assing  on  the 
right  side,  in  front  of  the  subclavian  artery,  and, 
on  the  left,  before  the  arch  of  the  aorta.  It  pro- 
ceeds, at  first,  backwards,  increasing  in  size. 
Afterwards,  it  passes  from  behind  the  bronchia 
to  the  oesophagus,  which  it  accompanies  through 
the  diaphragm,  and  terminates  on  the  stomach. 
In  the  neck,  the  pneumogastric  nerve  anasto- 
moses with  the  spinal,  glosso-pharyngeal,  great 
hypo-glossal,  and  great  sympathetic  nerves;  and 
furnishes,  1,  a  pharyngeal  hrnnch.  2.  a  superior 
laryngeal,  3,  cardiac  branches.     In   the  chest,  it 


PNEUMOGRAPHY 


■30 


PNEUMONOCELE 


gives  off,  1,  the  inferior  luri/ugeal,  or  recurrent, 
2,  tlie  jxilmonary  plej-ui,  and,  3,  the  cesophngeal 
branches.  On  entering  the  abdomen,  the  oeso- 
phageal branches,  which  terminate  the  pneumo- 
gastric,  are  distributed  upon  the  stomach,  and 
give  numerous  filaments  to  that  viscus,  to  the 
hepatic,  coeliac,  gastro-epiploie,  and  solar  plex- 
uses. Some  go,  also,  to  the  pancreas,  liver,  gall- 
bladder, duodenum,  &e. 

PNEUMOa'RAPHY,  Pneumogra'phia,  from^ 
rvftf/ui',  'the  lung,'  and  ypatpri,  'a  description.' 
The  part  of  anatomy  that  describes  the  lungs. 

PNEUMOLITHI'ASIS,  from  nvcvixuv,  'lung,' 
and  XtSiacLi,  '  formation  of  stone.'  A  morbid  state 
in  which  calculi  form  in  the  lungs. 

PNEUMOL'OGY,  PneHmoloy"ia,tTOmnveviiij>v, 
'the  lung,'  and  Aoyoj,  'a  discourse.'  An  anato- 
mical treatise  on  the  lungs.  An  anatomical  de- 
scription of  the  lungs. 

PNEUMOMETER,  Spirometer. 
PNEUMOM'ETRY,  Pneumomet'rin,  from  vvtv- 
ftuiv,  '  the  lung,'  and  ixcrpov,  '  measure.'    Measure- 
ment of  the  capacity  of  the  lungs  for  air.     See 
Spirometer. 

PNEUMON,  Pulrao. 
PNEUMONALGIA,  Angina  pectoris. 
PNEUMONATELECTASIS,  Atelectasis  pul- 
monum. 

PNEU^fON'^CnOSTE, '^ecro-X)nemnomn. 
PNEUMONECTASIS,     Emphysema    pulmo- 
Dum. 

PNEUMONEMPHRAX'rS,from  tveh^wv,  'the 
lung,'  and  eutlipa^n,  '  obstruction.'  Congestion 
and  infarction  of  the  lungs. 

PNEUiMO'NIA,  Peripnenmn'nia,  Empren'ma 
pneumoni'tis,  Pleumo'nia,  Peripneumo'nia,  Pneu- 
moni'tis,  Pulmn'nin,  Pulmona'ria;  luflomma'tio 
pneumon' icn,  I.  pec'loris  acu'ta  seu  })nlino'nicm, 
Pneumoa'tasis,  Fehria  jjneumon'ica,  Pnen'mony, 
Peripneu'tnouy,  lufiammntion  of  the  Lungs,  Lung- 
fever  (vulgarly),  (F.)  In/iammation  dea  ponmons, 
Filvre  pneumiinique  ou  peripneanionique,  Fluxion 
de  poitrine.  Infliimmation  du  prircnchi/ine  pu/nio- 
nnire.  From  nvevfjoiv,  'the  lung.'  The  chief 
symptoms  of  pneumonia  are  :  —  pyrexia,  accom- 
panied by  pain,  sometimes  obtuse,  at  others  pun- 
gent,— in  some  part  of  the  thorax  ;  pulse  more  or 
less  quick  and  hard,  according  to  the  violence 
and  extent  of  the  local  disorder;  pain,  aggrava- 
ted by  the  cough,  which,  with  dyspnoea,  exists 
throughout  the  disease.  At  first,  the  expectora- 
tion is  difficult  and  painful ;  but,  in  the  course  of 
a  few  da3's,  it  becomes  free,  and  the  oppression 
of  breathing  is  mitigated.  When  the  inflamma- 
tion, instead  of  going  off  by  resolution,  passes  on 
to  suppuration,  rigors  are  experienced  ;  the  re- 
spiration becomes  more  oppressed,  but  less  pain- 
ful, and  a  sense  of  weight  is  felt  in  one  of  the 
pleurae.  Pneumonia  may,  also,  terminate  by 
gangrene — but  this  rarely  happens, —  by  indura- 
tion and  by  hepatization. 

Physical  Signs.  First  Stage,  (F.)  Engoue- 
ment.  Diminution  of  the  sound  is  generally  ob- 
served over  the  affected  part  on  percussion  ;  aus- 
cultation exhibits  an  equal,  dry,  crepitating  rale, 
which  is  best  heard  at  the  close  of  a  deep  inspi- 
ration, and  on  coughing.  The  respiratory  mur- 
mur is  intermingled  with  the  crepitant  rale,  or  it 
may  be  absent.  In  the  neighbourhood  of  the 
affected  parts  it  is  natural  or  puerile.  The  voice 
and  cough  are  rather  more  resonant  than  usual. 
Second  Stage,  (F.  )  Hepatisation  rouge.  When 
hepatization  has  occurred,  the  motion  of  the  af- 
fected side  is  impeded,  and  immediately  above 
the  sternum  and  in  the  corresponding  triangular 
space  on  either  side,  there  is  often  an  evident 
depression.    Percussion  is  dull  over  the  affected 


part  in  every  position  of  the  patient.  On  nnsoul- 
tation,  the  crepitation  is  found  to  be  replaced  by 
bronchial  respiration.  The  respiratory  murmur 
is  louiler  in  the  other  portions  of  the  lung,  the 
voice  and  cough  are  more  resonant,  and  llio 
heart's  action  is  more  distinct.  Tninn  Stark, 
(F.)  Hepatisation  grise.  When  suppuration  su- 
pervenes, the  same  signs  persist;  but  usually  the 
voice  and  cough  are  less  resonant,  and  a  coarse, 
mucous  rule  is  heard.  When  gangrenous  or  sup- 
purative cavities  are  formed,  they  present  the 
ordinary  signs. 

The  prognosis  must  be  guardetl.  It  is  not  a 
disease  which  we  can  always  subdue.  Great  ex- 
tent of  inflammation  ;  very  considerable  oppres- 
sion ;  orthopnoca,  and  difficult  expectoration  nro 
unfavourable  symptoms.  The  must  active  trcat- 
nient  is  of  course  necessary.  General  bleeding 
forms  the  sheet  anchor, — employed  so  as  toniiike 
a  decided  impression  on  the  system,  and  rcpciitcd, 
if  necessary;  local  blood-letting;  nauseating 
doses  of  antimonials  ;  purgatives;  and  when  tlie 
violence  of  the  inflammation  has  been  got  under, 

—  counter-irritants,  &e.  Chronic  pneuinoiiia 
sometimes  succeeds  the  acute,  and,  at  others, 
occurs  accidentally.  It  -must  be  managed  on 
general  principles.  Small  bleedings,  cspociiilly 
locally;  and  counter-irritants  of  all  kinds  are 
indicated. 

Pneumonia  Biliosa,  P.  bilious. 

Pneumonia,  Bil'ioiis,  P.  hilio'sa,  Pncvnioclio- 
lo'ais.  Inflammation  of  the  lungs,  accoinpanieil 
by  gastric  fever,  and  not  uncommonly  by  typhoid 
symptoms; — Pneumotyphus,  Piieunio'nia  ty/jha'i'- 
des  seu  typho'dea  seu  typho'sa,  Putrid,  typhoid, 
adynamic,  or  erysipel'atous  pneumo'nia. 

Pneumonia,  Erysipelatous,  P.  bilious  —  p. 
Gangrenosa,  Necropneumonia  —  p.  Ilypostatica, 
Pneumonypostasis  —  p.  Intermittens,  Pneuuioty- 
posis — p.  Lobular,  see  Lobular — p.  Notha,  Peri- 
pneumonia notha — p.  Pleuritis,  Pleuropneumonia 
— p.  Putrid,  P.  bilious  —  p.  Typhodes,  P.  bilious 

—  p.  Typhoid,  P.  bilious  —  p.  Typhosa,  P.  bilious, 
Necropneumonia — p.  Vesicular,  Bronchitis,  vesi- 
cular. 

PNEUMONIC,  Pulmonic. 
PNEUMON'ICA.  From  ttved/zui/,  'the  lung.' 
Diseases  affecting  the  lungs,  their  membranes  or 
motive  power ;  characterized  by  irregular,  im- 
peded, or  painful  respiration.  The  second  order 
of  the  class  Pneumatica  of  Good. 

PNEUMONIC'ULA,  diminutive  of  pneumonia. 
A  slight  inflammation  of  the  lung. 

PNEUMONICUS,  Pulmonic. 

PNEU3I0NJE,  Pneumonia  —  p.  nienfmivh, 
see  Lobular — p.  Lohulaire,  see  Lobular — p.  Ma- 
melonnee,  see  Lobular. 

PNEUMON  IE  DBS  AGO  NTS  A  NTS,  Puen- 
monie  hypoatatique.  The  hyper«mic  engorge- 
ment, which  takes  place  in  the  lungs  during  tlie 
last  moments  of  life,  has  been  so  termed.  It 
would  seem  to  be  hyperaemia  rather  than  inflam- 
mation. 

PNEUMONIT'IC,  Pneumonit'icua.  Of,  or  be- 
longing to  pneumonitis,  or  inflammation  of  the 
lungs. 

PNEUMONITIS,  Pneumonia. 

PNEUMONOCARCINO'MA,  from  wvcvi>m, 
'  the  lung,'  and  KopKivwua,  '  cancer.'  Cancer  of 
the  lungs. 

PNEUMONOCE'LE,  from  nvcvfioiv,  'the  lung,' 
and  Krj\ri,  'rupture.'     Hernia  of  the  lung. 

Pneumonoce'le  Diaphragmat'ica  Inteu'na. 
Hernia  of  the  lung  through  the-  diaphragm. 

Pneumonooele  Exter'na  seu  TnonAc"iCA. 
Hernia  through  the  parietes  of  the  chest. 


PNEUMONCEDEMA 


■31 


PODENCEPHALUS 


PsBUMONocELE  Thoracica,  Pd.  externa. 
PNEUMON(EDEMA,  (Edema  of  the  lungs. 
PNEUMONOMELANOSIS,  see  Melanosis. 
PNEUMONOMETEK,  Spirometer. 
PNEUMONOPIITHISIS,  Phthisis  pulmonalis. 
PNEUMONOPIITHOE,  Phthisis  pulmonalis. 
PNEUMONOPLE  URESIS,    Pleuroperipneu- 
mony. 

PNEUMONOPLEURITIS,     Pleuroperipneu- 

mony. 

PNEUMONORIIHAGIA,  Ilaemoptysis. 

PNEUMONOKRIKEA,  Hajmoptysis. 

PNEUMONOSCIR'RIIUS,from  nvcvixu>v,  'the 
lung,'  and  atifipof,  '  induration.'  Induration  of 
the  lungs. 

PNEUMONOSES,  Pneumoses. 

PNEUMONY,  Pneumonia. 

PNEUMONYPOS'TASIS,  Pnevmo'nia  hypo- 
tiat'icu.  Pneumonia  in  a  depending  portion  of 
the  lung,  caused  by  lying  on  the  back. 

PNEUMOPElilCARDE,  Pneumo  -  pericar- 
dium. 

PNEUMO-PERICARD'IUM,  Pneuwo-peri- 
carditis,  Pnctimato'sis  pericard' ii ,  (F.)  Pnevmo- 
■pdicarde,  from  nviviia,  'air,'  and  ntpiKa^iiiov, 
'pericardium.'  Laeniiec  designates,  under  this 
name,  the  effusion  of  air  into  the  cavity  of  the 
pericardium. 

PNEUMOPHTIIISIS,  Phthisis  pulmonalis. 
PNEUMOPIIYMATA,  Tubercles  of  the  lungs. 
PNEUMOPLEURESIS,  PIcuroperipneumony. 
PNEUMOPTIIOE,  Phthisis  pulmonalis. 
♦       PNEUMORRHAGIA,   Ilfemoptysis  —  p.  In- 
terna, Ilasmatothorax. 

PNEUMOSEPSIS,  Necropneumonia. 
PNEUMOSES,  from  rvtv,xiav,  'the  lung.'    A 
term  under  which  Alibert  comprises  every  mor- 
bid affection  of  the  lungs. 

PNEUMOTHORAX,    Pnevmntho'm.r,    Pueu- 
matotho'rax,  EnipJiyae'ma  prc'ton'x,  Asthma  aeri- 
vm  seu  empliysemat'ienm,  Dyspna'a  pnextmnt'ica 
seu  ])lnjsothorac"ica,  Physotho'rax,  Aerothn'rax, 
A'iropleurie    (Piorry),    from     vvzufia,    'air,'    and 
5(i)p<if,  '  the  thorax.'     An  accumulation  of  air  in 
the  cavity  of  the  pleura.     A  complaint  generally 
sudden  in  its  invasion   and  fatal  in  its  cliarnctcr. 
In  many  instances,  along  with  the  air.  a  liquid  is 
effused, — Nydropiieiimotliorax.     The  disease  may 
be  spontaneous  and  simple,  but  in  a  large  pro- 
portion of  cases  it  is  complicated  with  pleurisy 
and   pulmonary  tubercles.     The   signs  vary  ac- 
cording as  there  is,  or  is  not,  a  communication 
between   the  pleura  and  the  bronchia.     The  af 
fectcd    side   gives    a  hollow,   tympanitic   sound, 
even  where  the  thickness  of  the  parictes  of  the 
thorax  is  great.     When  the  effusion  is  consider- 
able, the  affected  side  is  dilated,  but  there  is  no 
r/ile  of  any  kind.     When  a  gaseous  and  a  liquid 
effusion  are  present  at  the  same  time,  the  sound 
on  percussion  is  found  to  be  clear  at  the  superior 
part  of  the  thorax,  but  dull  inferiorly ;  hence,  by 
varying  the  position  of  the  patient,  and  by  con- 
sequence that  of  the  contained  fluids,  the  seats 
of  the  clear  and  the  dull  sound  will  be  varied. 
When  the  gaseous  effusion  is  owing  to  a  fistulous 
communication  between  the  pleura  and  bronchia, 
the  nietiiliic  respiration  and  resonances  are  heard  ; 
and  if  there  be  both  gaseous  and  liquid  effusion, 
with  a  fistulous    communication,  in  addition    to 
these  signs  there  is  the  tintcment  melallique.    The 
presence  of  liquid  can  always  bo  ascertained  by 
Euccussion.     See  Emphrysema  of  the  lungs. 
PNEUMOT'OMY,  Pneumotom'ia,  from  irvtu/iuv, 


'  the  lung,'  and  rcpvw,  'I  cut.'     Dissection  of  the 
lungs. 

PNEUMOTYPIIUS,  Pneumonia,  typhoid. 

PNEUMOTYPO'SIS,  Pncnmo'nia  hUermit'- 
tens,  from  irvtviiiiiv,  '  the  lung,'  and  rmros,  '  a 
stamp,  a  type.'  Pneumonia  characterized  by 
periodicity. 

PNEUOBIOMANTIA,  Doeimasia  pulmonum. 

PNEUSIOBIOGNOSIS,  Doeimasia  pulmonum. 

PNEUSIOBIOSCOPE,  Doeimasia  pulmonum. 

PNEUSIS,  Respiration — p.  Pertussis,  Pertus- 
sis—  p.  Singultus,  Singultus  —  p.  Tussis,  Tussis. 

PNEUSOMETER,  Spirometer. 

PNIGALION,  Incubus. 

PNIGMOS,  Orthopnoea,  Strangulation. 

PNIGOPHOBIA,  Angina  pectoris,  Suffocation. 

PNIX,  Orthopnoea,  Strangulation. 

PNOE,  Aura. 

PNCEUM.  A  nostrum  of  Dr.  Samuel  Ilahne- 
mann,  the  founder  of  the  '  Homoeopathic  System,' 
which  consisted  —  it  is  said  —  of  borax  only  ! 

PNOOCOLYTICUS,  Asthmatic. 

POAD-MILK,  Colostrum. 

POCHE  DES  EAUX,  see  Liquor  Amnii,  and 
Parturition. 

POCK,  from  Teut.  pocca,  'poch  or  little 
pouch.'     A  pustule  of  smallpox. 

PocK-ARR,  Pock-mark,  see  Cicatrix — p.  Kine, 
Vaccina. 

POCKFRETTEN,  see  Pockmark. 

POCKHOLE,  Pockmark. 

POCKMARK,  Pocl-hole,  (Prov.)  Poclcarr, 
Scrohic'idne  seu  Cica'trix  Vnri'n/cR.  The  mark 
or  pit  or  piltinr]  left  from  a  smallpox  pustule. 
One  pitted  with  smallpox  is  said  to  ho  pocl-fn-tlen 
or  pnekf redden. 

POCKY.  Infected  with,  or  appertaining  to, 
or  resembling,  smallpox  or  syphilis. 

POC'ULUM  ABSINTHIA'TUM.  This  was 
regarded,  in  remote  ages,  as  a  wholesome  beve- 
rage;  the  absinthium,  or  'wormwood,'  being  sup- 
posed to  act  as  an  antidote  to  drunkenness. 

PocrniM  AMATORUUf,  Philter  —  p.  Diogenis, 
Palm  —  p.  Emeticum,  Goblet,  emetic. 

VOD' AG'RA,  Podarthri'tis,  Podorrheii'mn,  Po- 
dal'yia,  from  vovi,  -roioi,  'the  foot,'  and  aypa, 
'  seizure.'  Pain  which  attacks  the  feet.  Gout, 
situate  in  the  articulations  of  the  foot.  It  has, 
also,  been  used  in  a  more  extensive  signification 
synonymously  with  gout. 

PonAGRA  Aberrans,  Gout,  (wandering)  —  p. 
Arthritis,  Gout — p.  Retrograda,  Gout,  (retro- 
grade.) 

PODAGRARIA.  Ligusticum  podagraria  —  p. 
iEgopodium,  Ligusticum  podagraria. 

PODAG'RIC,  Podag'rical,  Podnf/'rirus,  Ar- 
thrit'icus,  Arthrit'ic,  Gouty,  (F.)  Goutteux.  Re- 
lating or  belonging  to  gout.  Affected  with,  or 
liable  to  gout. 

PODALGIA,  Gout,  Podagra. 

PODALYRIATINCTORIA,Sophoratinctona, 

PODANENCEPHALIA,  see  Podencephalus. 

PODARTHRITIS,  Podagra. 

PODARTHROC'ACE,  from  novg,  tto^os,  'the 
foot,' ap^pov,  'an  articulation,'  and  xaKos,  'bad.' 
Caries  of  the  articulation  of  the  foot. 

PODENCEPHALIA,  see  Podencephalus. 

PODENCEPH'ALUS,  Podanenceph'alus,  from 
irovi,  7ro<5os,  'the  foot,'  and  Kt<pa\v,  'the  head.'  A 
monster  whose  brain  is  placed  outside  the  skull, 
and  seems  to  be  supported  on  a  pedicle,  which 
traverses  the  summit  of  the  skull.     This  state  of 


PODEX 


732 


POISON 


monstrosity  is  termed  Podanencephn'lia,  or  more 
properly,  Podcncepha'Ua. — I.  G.  St.  llilaire. 

PODEX,  Anus,  Nates. 

PODODDE'MA,  from  t!ov(;,  voSoi,  'foot,'  and  oi- 
fni^Ct  'a.  swelling.'     OEdema  of  the  foot. 

PODOL'OGY,  Podol<Hi"ia,  from  irovj,  tto^oj, 
'the  foot,' and  Aoyoj,  'a  discourse.'  A  description 
of  the  foot.     A  treatise  on  the  foot. 

PODOPHYL'LUM  PELTA'TUM,  Podophijl'- 
him,  Atinpodophjjll'nm  Caundetise.  May-apple, 
Mandrtike.  Ord.  Berberidaceae.  Sex.  Si/st.  Poly- 
andria  Monogynia;  from  jrouj,  iroSoi,  'a  foot,'  and 
^vWov,  'a  leaf,'  in  reference  to  the  shape  of  the 
K-af.  A  common  plant  throughout  North  America. 
The  fruit  is  eatable,  and  esteemed  by  many.  The 
leaves  are  said  to  be  poisonous.  The  root  or 
rhizoma.  Podophyllum  (Ph.  U.  S.),  is  purgative 
in  the  dose  of  20  grains.  It  has  also  been  used 
as  an  anthelmintic. 

Podophyllum  Monta'num,  Mountain  May-ap- 
ple, 3Iaiidrnke,  Wild  Lemon,  Ducksfoot,  Raccoon 
Berry,  Yellow  Berry,  Ground  Lemon,  has  the 
same  properties. 

PODORRHEUMA,  Podagra. 

PODOTHE'CA,  from  vovi,  noHos,  'a  foot,'  and 
OriKri,  'a  receptacle,  a  sheath.'  The  cuticle  of  the 
foot.  An  anatomical  preparation.  Chirothe'ca, 
has  been  used  for  the  cuticle  of  the  hand. 

POELETTE,  Cup,  Paleile. 

POE'PIIAGUS,  from  n-o?/,  or  -noa,  'a  plant,  an 
herb,'  and  ^ayu,  'I  eat.'  One  who  subsists  on 
herbs  or  vegetables.  The  act  of  subsisting  or 
feeding  on  herbs  or  vegetables  is  called  Poe- 
])haf/"in.     Hence  Strabo  calls  the  Irish  ■not]<payoi. 

POGON,  Beard. 

POGONI'ASIS,  Pogo'nia,  from  jrwyuv,  'the 
heard.'  A  female  beard.  Also,  great  strength 
or  quantity  of  beard.  A  female  having  a  beard 
—  Vira'(/o. 

POGO'NIUM,  ffwycoviov,  diminutive  of  nwyoiv, 
'beard.'     A  weak  or  small  beard. 

POGONOL'OGY,  Pogonolog"ia,  from  ffuyuv, 
'a  beard,'  and  l^oyoi,  'a  description.'  A  descrip- 
tion of,  or  treatise  on,  the  beard. 

POGOSTEMON  INTERMEDIUS,  P.  Pat- 
chouli. 

Pogoste'mon  Patchouli,  P.  SuaviR  seu  inter- 
me'diiis,  Piieha-Paf,  Patchouli.  Nat.  Ord.  La- 
hiatie.  Native  of  Penang  and  the  Malayan  pe- 
ninsula. The  oil  is  used  as  a  perfume.  The  dis- 
tilled oil  is  used  for  the  same  purpose. 

PoGosTEMON  SuAVis,  P.  PatchouH. 

POHON  ANTIAR,  Upas  — p.  Upas,  Upas. 

POr.  A  favourite  aliment  in  the  Sandwich 
Islands.  It  is  a  sort  of  paste  made  from  the  root 
of  the  Kalo  —  Arum  esculeii'tum. 

POIDS  ET  MESUEES,  Weights  and  mea- 
sures. 

POIGNEE,  Manipulus. 

POIGNET,  Carpus. 


POIL,  Galaetocele,  Hair. 

POILETTE,  Cup. 

POILS,  see  Typha  latifolia. 

POING,  Fist. 

POINT,  Stitch. 

Point,  Blistering.  A  nnrae  given  by  Dr. 
Rush  to  an  indeterminate  period  in  the  course 
of  a  continued  fever,  intermediate  between  the 
stages  of  high  excitement  and  collapse,  in  which 
blisters  will  — he  thought  —  usually  produce  un- 
equivocally good  effects. 

POINT  I)E  C0T£,  Pleurodynia. 

POINTS  LAORYMAUX,  Lachrjmalia 
puncta. 

POIRE,  see  Pyrus  communis. 

POIRE  A  U,  Allium  porrum.  Verruca. 

POIRIER,  Pyrus  communis. 

POIS,  Pisum — p.  d  Canlere,  see  Fonticiilus — 
p.  Cliiche,  Cicer  arietinum — p.  Cultive,  Pisuin — 
p.  d,  Grntter,  Dolichos  pruriens — p.  Putate,  Doli- 
chos  tuberosus. 

POISON,  Phar'macon,  Phar'macum,  Tfix'icnm, 
Yene'num,  Virus,  Delcte'ritim,  Veiiena'tion,  (F.) 
Poison.  A  generic  name  for  all  substances  which, 
when  introduced  into  the  animal  economy,  either 
by  cutaneous  absorption,  respiration,  or  the  di- 
gestive canal,  act  in  a  noxious  manner  on  the 
vital  properties  or  the  texture  of  organs.  Hence 
we  speak  of  fever  poison,  cholera  poison,  &c. 
Poisons  exist  in  the  three  kingdoms  of  nature; 
but  those  which  proceed  from  animals  are  often 
called  venoms,  as  the  venom  of  the  viper,  scor- 
pion, tarantula,  <fcc. ;  whilst  those  that  are  the 
products  of  disease  have  the  name  virus.  In 
common  parlance,  therefore,  poison  is  restricted 
to  deleterious  articles,  furnished  by  the  mineral 
and  vegetable  kingdoms.  Orfila  has  divided  poi- 
sons into  four  classes.  1.  Acmn,  Ir'iutatino, 
CoRRo'sivE,  or  Escharot'ic,  such  as  the  C(mcen- 
trated  acids  and  alkalies ;  mercurial,  arseniacal, 
cupreous,  and  antiinonial  compounds,  canlhari- 
des,  Ac.  2.  Narcot'ic;  those  that  act  particu- 
larly upon  the  brain  ;  as  hyoscyamus,  opium,  &c., 
but  without  inflaming  the  organ  with  which  they 
come  in  contact.  3.  NARCOT'ico-Acnii)  or  AcRO- 
narcot'ic  ;  —  those  that  act  on  the  brain,  but,  at 
the  same  time,  irritate  the  parts  to  which  they 
are  applied  ;  as  aconite,  belladonna,  &e.  4.  Sep- 
tic or  Putres'cent;  —  those  furnished  by  the 
animal  kingdom.  See  Venom  and  Virus.  Va- 
rious classitications.  of  a  similar  character,  have 
been  recommended  by  different  toxicologists;  but 
they  are  liable  to  the  objection,  that  they  throw 
substances  together  whose  physiological  action 
on  the  system  is  very  different.  It  is,  indeed, 
difficult  to  avoid  unnatural  comprcspion  of  mat- 
ters into  places  not  properly  belonging  to  them, 
in  all  such  arrangements. 

The  following  table,  which  exhibits  a  coup  d'ceil 
of  the  chief  poisons,  with  most  of  the  circum- 
stances of  importance  connected  with  them,  is 
not  free  from  these  objections 


roisoNS 


■33 


POISONS 


TABLE,  EXIIIBITIXG   THE   SYMPTOMS,  TREATMENT,  AND  MODE   OF   DETECTING 
TUE  VARIOUS  POISOxXS,  MINERAL,  VEGETABLE  AND  ANIMAL. 

AT.  B,  In  all  cases  the  Stomach- Pump  should  he  used  as  soon  aa  possible, 

I.   INORGANIC    POISONS. 


Poisons. 


ACIDS. 

Jlceiic  ^cid. 

Citric  Jirid. 

Muriatic  Acid. 

Jfilric  Acid. 

Sulphuric  Acid. 

Tartaric  Acid. 

Oxalic  Acid. 


Symptoms. 


Prussic  Acid. 

Oil  of  Bitter  Al- 
moiuls. 

Laurel  It'ater. 


ALKAtlKSand 
their  S.\LTS. 

Ammonia, 

Stronir  Lii/uor  or 

fVaier  of. 

Muriate  of  Am- 
monia or  Sal 
Ammoniac. 


Caustic  Potnssa, 
and  Liquor  Po- 
tass(D. 

Carbonate  of  Po- 
(n.«.«n,  or  Pearl 
Ash.  ajid  Salt 
of  Tartar. 

J\ritrnte  of  Pola.i- 
to.  or  Salijictre. 

Sulphiirct  of  Po- 
tassium or  f,i- 
ver  of  Sulphur. 

SOD\. 


RARTHS      nnd 
COAI  POUNDS. 


Car'^ittate  of  Ba- 
ryta. 

Chlottde   of    Ba- 
rium. 

mtrate    .>/    Ba- 
rijtr,. 

Lime. 


The  acids,  cencr.'illy,  are 
strong  corrosive  poisons. 
Sour,  acrid  taste,  hiirniiie; 
in  llie  throat,  which  is  in- 
creased hy  pressur.',  swal- 
lowing, or  coiiuliin!; ;  cruc- 
lation,  and  excriii  ialing 
pain  in  the  stomach;  more 
or  less  corrnjiation  of  the 
linin<?  uiejnhranes  of  the 
mouili  anil  pijoia:  \\x\  ex- 
coriation aliont  the  month 
or  such  other  parts  of  the 
skin  as  the  acid  may  liave 
touched.  The  matter  vo- 
mited effervesces  with  car- 
bonate of  lime.  The  coun- 
tenance bec(Mnes  t'lazed,  ex- 
tremities cold  and  clammy; 
convulsions  arul  death.  Ni- 
tric acid  occasicMis  yellow 
stains,  and  sulphuiic  acid, 
black. 


Is  a  sedative  poison  ;  nau- 
sea, giddiness,  riehility,  hur- 
ried pulse  weight  and  pain 
in  the  head  ;  eructations 
having  the  flavour  of  the 
acid  ;  spasms,  tetanus,  con- 
tractile pupil;  convulsions, 
death. 


Treatment. 


Tests. 


Violent,  caustic,  acrid 
taste;  great  luat  in  the 
throat,  with  destruction  of 
its  lininij  memhvane;  ditii- 
cult  and  painful  decluli- 
tiiui ;  vomitin«  of  bloody 
matter,  which  turns  the 
\ello\v  of  turmeric  brown  ; 
acute  pain  in  the  stomach  ; 
cold  sweats,  weakness,  hic- 
coneh  ;  violent  colic  pains, 
with  puruing  of  bloody 
stools  and  membranous 
flakes;  death. 


The  nitrate  of  pntassa 
will  not  majiifesi  the  effect 
with  turmeric  paper.  'I'he 
carbonates,  when  vomited, 
will  effervesce  with  acids; 
and  the  liver  of  sulpluir 
will  give  rise  to  eructations 
of  sulphuretted  hydrogen. 


Analogous  to  those  of 
the  corrosive  metals  Vio- 
lent liurning  in  the  sto- 
mach, vomiting,  gripes, 
<liarrhOBa  ;  excessive  nms- 
cular  deliiliiy,  headache, 
c.onviilsiiuis  death  I.ime 
differs  from  baryta  in  lieing 
a  pure  irritant. 


The  carbonates  of  soda, 
potassa,  lime  and  magne- 
sia, are  all  antidotes  to  the 
acids;  calcined  magnesia 
also.  They  are  to  be  used 
with  the  following  restric- 
lions:  for  the  acetic,  citric, 
muriatic,  sulphuric,  and 
tartaric  acids,  they  may  be 
used  indiscriminately.  For 
the  nitric  and  oxalic,  car- 
bonates of  magnesia  and 
lime  can  alone  fje  employed 
wiih  safety.  In  the  case  of 
sulphuric  acid,  water  slioiild 
not  be  drunk,  on  account 
of  the  great  heat  which  is 
produced  by  their  mixture. 
Subsequent  infiammalion 
to  be  treated  by  ordinary 
means. 

The  carbonates  of  the  al- 
kalies and  of  magnesia  and 
lime  have  tlie  inconve- 
nience, that  a  large  ipian- 
tily  of  gas  is  extricated  in 
the  stomach. 

Ammonia  is  an  antidote; 
but  it  should  not  be  em- 
ployed in  a  very  concen- 
trated form.  I.iipiid  chlo- 
rine has  also  been  found 
efficacious.  The  cold  dour  lie 
to  the  heail  has  been  re- 
commended. 


The  vegelable  acids,  such 
1  vinegar,  lemon  juice, 
citric  and  tartaric  acid  in 
solution  are  antidotes  to 
file  alkalies  and  their  car- 
b(Uiates.  'I'he  fi.vi.-d  oils, 
such  as  castor,  linseed,  al- 
mipiid  and  olive,  form  soaps 
with  the  free  alkalies,  and 
I  berefor  '  destroy  their  caus- 
tic effects. 


Poisoning  hy  nitrate  of 
potassa  to  be  treated  on  ge- 
neral aiuiphroirislic  princi- 
ples; mucilaginous  drinks. 

Liver  of  sulphur  is  said 
to  be  deciunposed  sitnl  neu- 
tralized by  comuioii  salt. 
'I'he  liipiid  chloride  of  soda 
will  also  decompose  it. 


The  sulphates  of  soda 
and  inairnesia  are  prompt 
and  etftclive  antidotes  to 
all  the  poisonous  salts  of 
barvta.  Phosphate  of  soda 
will   also  counteract  their 


Sulphuric  acid  is  known  by  .1 
while  precipitate  with  any  salt 
of  baryta,  insoluble  in  nitric  acid. 

Muriatic  acid  is  known  by  a 
white  precipitate  with  nitrate  of 
silver,  insoluble  in  nitric  acid, 
which  turns  black  by  the  action 
of  light. 

JN'itric  acirf gives  rise  to  orange- 
ccdoiired  fumes,  when  copper  is 
placed  ill  it.  and  an  ability  to 
dissolve  gold  when  mixed  with 
miirialic  acid. 

Arftic  acid  exliales  the  odour  of 
vinegar. 

Ci'ricocWblackenswhen  heated. 

Tartaric  acid  precipitates  crys- 
tals, with  a  solution  of  potassa  ; 
and  a  white  precipitate  is  thrown 
down  by  liine-v\  ater. 

Oralic  acid  gives  a  white  preci- 
pitate with  lime-water,  which, 
when  healed,  is  converted  into 
carbonate  of  lime. 


Prussic  acid  exhales  the  odour 
of  peach  kernels;  forms  a  white 
precipirale  with  nitrate  of  silver 
neutralized  with  an  alkali,  cives 
a  blue  precijiitate  with  the  per- 
salts  of  iron. 


The  alkalies  are  known  by 
their  aition  on  lurmiric  paper: 
restoriiiL'  the  colour  of  lilmus, 
which  has  tieen  reddened  by  an 
acid. 

Carbonates  are  known  by  their 
effervescence  \\\\h  an  acid;  some 
ofthein  affect  thr  tiirnierii-  [laper 
Sal  ammoniac  fives  out  the  ))un- 
ffenl  odour  of  aiiiirKUiia,  when 
mixed  witli  quicklime. 


Nitrate  of  pntassa  decrepitates 
and  deflagrates  when  thrown  on 
hot  coals. 

Liver  ofsiilpliuretnils  the  odour 
of  siil|)hiirefted  hydrogen  when 
dissolved,  or  wlien  treated  with 
an  acid. 


P.arvta  and  its  salts  invariably 
L'ive  a  white  precipitale.  insoluble 
in  acid,  with  a  soluble  sulphate. 

Lime,  when  dissolved,  gives  a 
white  precipitate  with  oxalic  acid, 
eff'cls.     Lime  mav  be  lieu- 1  Also    with   carbonic    acid     or   a 


tralizcd  by  dilute  acids, 
('arbonic  acid,  in  soda-wa- 
ter, effervescing  draught  or 
yeast,  it  is  supposed,  would 
"answer  a  good  purpose. 
Tlie  fixed  oils  may  be  em- 
ployed either  for  baryta  or 
lime,  when  not  in  a  com- 
pound state. 


soluble  carbonate.     The  same  of 
baryta. 


roisoNS 


•34 


POISONS 


Poisons. 


ALCOHOL. 

Branily.  IVines, 
and  all  Spirit- 
uous Liquors. 


Intoxication,  and  when 
taken  Very  freely,  roinplete 
insensibility,  with  apo- 
plexy nr  paralvsis  of  one 
side;  the  con ntena nee  swol- 
len and  of  a  dark-n^d  co- 
lonr;  the  hreathinc  riifti- 
cnlt.  and  often  stertorous 
with  a  peniliar  pnthiiffo  it 
of  the  lips;  till' breath  smells 
of  liquor,  which  will  dis- 
tingnish  the  svmptoins  from 
those  of  spontaneous  apo- 
plexy. 


DippcVs   Ariimal 
Oil. 

Oil  of  Tar. 
Oil  of  Tobacco. 
Oilof  Turpentine- 
Fusel  Oil. 


Carbonic  Jicid.  or 
Fixed  Air. 


Carbonic  Oxide. 


Fumes  of  Burn- 
ing Charcoal. 


Chlorine. 


Sulphuretted  Hy- 
dro a  en. 


IODINE. 


Iodide  of    Potas- 
sium. 


MET.ALS. 

Antimony. 

Tartar  Emetic. 

Chloride,  or  But 
terof  Antimony. 

Oxide    of    Anti- 
mony. 


General  action,  that  of 
irritant  poisons.  Bnrnine 
pain,  voMiitin?,  p'inffi 
taste  pnreins  &c.  The  oils 
of  turpentine  and  lohacco 
aff'Ct  the  nervous  system  ; 
the  peculiar  odour  of  each 
oil  will  be  manifested  in 
the  matter  vomited. 


Chlorine  produces,  when 
inh.Tled,  violent  irritation 
of  the  organs  of  respira- 
tion ;  couch,  bloody  expec- 
toration, inflammation  of 
the  Inuffs,  and  permanent 
pulmonary  disease  The 
other  gasos,  although  pro- 
durinj  some  effect  on  the 
respiratory  ortrans.  act  as 
poisons  in  consef|uence  of 
their  sedative  agency.  The 
symptoms,  therefore,  are 
those  of  apoplexy,  or  nar- 
cotic poisonins. 


Irritant  symptoms ;  burn- 
inapain  in  the  throat,  lace- 
ratitirj  pain  in  the  stomach 
and  fruitless  effiirts  to  vo- 
mit; suffusion  of  the  eyes; 
excessive  pain  and  tender- 
ness of  the  epigastrium. 


A  powerful  emetic  of 
white  vitriol,  or  tartar  eme- 
tic, should  be  got  into  I  he 
stomach  as  soon  as  possi- 
ble ;  and  if  the  person  has 
lost  the  power  of  swallow 
in?,  a  flexible  catheter  or 
tube  sho  Id  be  the  means  of 
conveying  it  thither  Tiie 
voinitimr  should  be  cncou- 
rased  as  much  as  possible 
with  warm  water;  and  larire 
and  active  shsters  of  salt 
and  water  should  be  thrown 
up.  The  patient  slionlil  he 
placed  erect,  and  if  the 
countenance  and  other  ap- 
pearaiues  he  not  improved 
after  these  means  have  been 
used,  the  jusinlar  veiii  may 
be  opened,  and  cold  wet 
cloths  applied  to  ihe  head, 
particularly  if  the  bodv  be 
hotter  than  natural  Ifthe 
extremities  become  cold 
warmth  and  friction  should 
be  perseveringly  used. 


'I'ksts. 


Treasote  is  immediately 
coagulated  hy  albumen 
Dippel's  animal  oil  mav  be 
counteracted  with  dilute 
acids  and  the  fixed  oils 
The  other  oils  have  no  par- 
ticular antidotes,  and  their 
effects  must,  therefore,  be 
counteracted  upon  general 
principles. 


The  antidotes  to  chlorine 
are  the  cauiious  inhalation 
of  ammonia,  or  suliihuret- 
ted  hydrogen.  The  inflam- 
matorv  symptoms  from 
chlorine  to  be  treated  on 
general  principles.  For  the 
other  gases,  cold  affusions 
to  the  head,  blood-letting, 
artificial  respiration. 


Vomiting.  If  vomiting 
do  not  occur  promptly,  vio- 
lent irritant  effects  are 
produced.  Burning  pain  in 
the  pit  of  the  stomach ; 
Purging;  colicky  pains, 
sense  of  tightness  in  the 
throat,  violent  cramps;  re- 
peated recurrence  of  vomit- 


Iodine  combines  with 
starch,  and  forms  an  insolu- 
ble compound  The  prompt 
administration  of  starch, 
wheat  flour,  or  other  vege- 
table matter  containing  fe- 
cnla,  beat  up  in  water,  is 
recommended.  Iodide  of 
potassium  has  no  antidote. 
Vomiting  should  be  pro- 
moted by  draughts  of  warm 
v;ater, and  inflammation  be 
subdued  by  general  treat- 
ment. 


No  better  mode  of  rccognizins 
these  substances  exists,  than  thai 
derived  from  their  peculiar  odnur 
Dippel's  oil  has  the  pungent  odnur 
of  ainmonia  ;  creasote  and  oil  of 
tar,  a  peculiar  smell  of  smoke; 
the  odour  of  tobacco  and  lurpiiii- 
tine  are  well  known;  and  fusel 
oil  has  a  peculiar,  offensive,  buf 
focating  odour. 


Chlorine  is  recognized  by  its 
peculiar  odour  and  bleaching  pro- 
perties. Sulphuretted  hvdrngen. 
bv  its  fetiil  smell,  and  the  rapid 
blackening  of  lead.  Carbonic 
acid,  by  its  occasioning  tiirliiil- 
ness  in  lime-water  placed  in  its 
atmosphere.  Carbonic  oxide,  by 
the  blue  colour  of  its  flame. 


Iodine  is  known  by  its  odour, 
and  the  formation  of  a  blue  pre- 
cipitate, when  brouifht  in  contact 
with  a  cold  sohition  of  starch. 
Iodide  of  potassium  gives  a  crys- 
talline precipitate,  wiih  tartaric 
acid  ill  excess.  The  supernalani 
fluid  will  give  the  blue  colour  to 
starch. 


If  vomiting  have  not  been 
produced,  it  should  be 
brought  about  by  tickling 
the  fauces,  and  adminis- 
tering copious  draughts  of 
warm  water.  Astringent 
infusions,  such  as  of  galls, 
oak  bark  Peruvian  bark, 
act  as  antidotes,  and  should 
be  given  promptly ;  pow- 
dered yellow  bark  may  be 
used,  until  the  infusion  is 
prepared. 


.Aniimouv  in  solution  is  tioft 
distinguished  by  the  pecniinr 
orange  red  precipitate,  which  ii 
forms  with  sulphuretted  livilrn- 
gen  or  solutions  of  the  hvdrosMl 
phntes.  Free  alkalies  prnr'iMV 
white  precipit-.ites.  The  innriale 
is  known  by  a  white  precjpiKile. 
when  it  is  poured  into  waler 
In  ilssolid  forms,  it  mav  be  known 
bv  Ihe  formation  of  white  fiunc«. 
when  heated,  which  reilden  lit- 
mils.  It  mav  also  he  converted 
into  chloride',  and  then  precipi- 
tated bv  adding  water. 


POISONS 


7  35 


rOISONS 


Mrsmioits     Jlciil, 
or  iVIiite  Jirscnic. 

Orpiment.  or  Yel- 
low Unlpkiirel 
of  Mrsetiic. 

King's  Yellow. 

Renlirnr.  or  Red 
Sul/iliuret  of 
Jlrsemc. 

Fly  Powder. 

Fowler's  Solufion. 

jirseniciil   Paste. 

Arsenical  Soap. 

Jirsenile  of  Cop- 
per, 
Scheele's  Oreen. 


Violent  liiirniiip  pain  in 
the  re^ioii  of  the  Ktomacli 
und  hovvels;  teiiilKriicss  on 
pri!ssiire  ;  relchirjg:  vornit- 
iiifj;  sense  of  dryness  and 
tislilMcss  in  tlie  throat; 
thirst;  hoarseness  and  diffi- 
cnlty  ofspi'ech;  the  matter 
vomited,  greenish  or  yel- 
h)vvish,  sojnetinies  streaked 
with  blood  ;  diarrhoea  ;  te- 
nesmus; sometimes  excori- 
ation of  the  aims;  urinary 
organs  occasionally  affected 
with  violent  burning  pains 
and  suppression  ;  convul- 
sions and  cramps;  clammy 
sweats;  lividity  of  llie  ex- 
tremities; countenance  col- 
lapsed; eves  rod  and  spar- 
kling; delirium;  death. 


Bismuth. 

^Titrate    of   Bis- 
muth. 

Pearl  Poioder. 

Oxide  of  Bismuth. 

COPPKR. 

Sulphaleaf  Copper 
Blue  Vitriol. 

Acetate  of  Copper, 

ferdigris. 
Carbonaie  of  Cop- 
prr. 
Blue  Ferditcr. 
Jirsenile  of  Copper 
Scheele's  Green. 
I  Food     cooked    in 
di  rtij  copper  ves- 
sels,   or   pickles 
mode  green    by 
'    copper. 


Treatment. 


The  hydrated  peroxide  of 
iron  diffused  through  wa- 
ter ;  or  the  precipitated  car- 
bonate; or  the  ruhigo  ferri, 
in  very  fine  powder  to  be 
administered  every  five  or 
ten  minutes,  until  relief  is 
ohlained.  'I'his  is  particu- 
larly efficacious  when  ihe 
white  arsevic  has  been  swal- 
lowed. If  the  arsenic  have 
been  taken  in  the  form 
of  Fowler's  Solution,  lime- 
water,  in  copious  draughts, 
may  be  given.  For  either 
of  the  other  forms,  emetics 
of  sulphate  of  zinc;  dilu- 
<!nts;  d(!mulcents,  such  as 
flaxseed  tea,  infusion  of 
slippery  elm,  &c.  Counter- 
irritants  may  be  used  to  re- 
lieve the  spasm,  and  violent 
pain  in  the  stomach,  lileed- 
ing,  as  promoting  absorp- 
tion, should  not  be  em- 
ployed until  the  stomacli  is 
completely  evacuated. 


Similar  to  those  produced  Milk,  and  sweet  mucila- 
from  other  irritant  poisons,  [ginous  drinks  are  recom- 
(Jeneral    inflammation    of  mended.     Leeches,  general 


Ihe  whole  alimentary  canal; 
suppression  of  urine;  hic- 
cough, disagreeable  metal- 
lic taste;  vomiting;  cramps; 
delirium  :  death. 


bleedins;  glysters;  foinen 
lalinns  to  be  employed  on 
the  general  principles  of 
treatment  for  inflammatory 
symptoms. 


Very  similar  to  those  pro- 1  Albumen  to  be  adminis 
duced  by  arsenic.  Coppery  tered  in  either  of  its  forim 
erurlatioiis  aiui  taste.     Fa-  ,  which  can  be  most  readily 


tal  cases  are  generally  ter- 
minated by  convulsions, 
palsy,  insensibility. 


obtained,  as  milk  or  whites 
of  eggs.  Vinegar  should 
vot  be  t'iven.  The  inflam- 
matory sympioms  are  to  be 
treated  on  general  princi- 
ples, and  so  of  the  nervous. 


If  the  suspected  substance  can 
be  obtained  free  from  organic- 
matter,  the  pri'seuce  of  arsenic 
may  reaiiily  be  shown  by  boil  ins 
it  in  distilled  water,  filtering,  and 
testing  with,  1st.  Amnioniaco- 
ulphnte  of  copper.  2d.  .Amino, 
niaconilrate  of  silver.  (Hume's 
Test)  3d.  .Sulpliiirelled  hydrogen 
uas  The  first  will  produce  a. green 
preci|)iiate  ;  second,  a  pnle  yelioir\ 
precipitate;  ihird,  a  bright  yellow\ 
precipitate,  if  arsenic  be  present. 
A  portion  of  the  powder,  or  one  of: 
these  precipitates,  carefully  and 
thoroughly  dried,  is  then  to  be' 
mixed  with  charcoal  and  exsic- 
cated carbonate  of  soda,  to  be 
placed  in  a  small  glass  tube,  closed 
at  one  end,  and  then  to  be  hi  ated 
to  a  red  heat  in  the  flame  of  a 
lamp.  The  arsenic  will  be  re- 
duced, and  sublime  in  the  i.>p|nr 
part  of  the  tube,  formiiu:  a  dark 
crust,  having  considerable  lustre 
on  its  exterior  surface,  resem- 
bling polished  steel.  Uy  gently 
heating  this  crust  in  a  very  small 
flame,  crystals  of  white  arseni( 
will  be  formed,  having  a  high 
adamantine  lustre. 

If  organic  matter  be  present,  it 
must  be  entirely  destroyed,  b\ 
heating  the  substance  with  nitro- 
muriatic  aciil.  After  this  has  been 
done,  and  a  clear,  transparent  so- 
lution in  distilled  water  has  been 
obtained,  the  subsetpient  process 
is  as  above  indicated.  If  arsenious 
acid  be  submitted  to  the  action 
of  nascent  hydrogen,  it  is  deox- 
idized, and  the  metallic  arsenic, 
thereby  obtained,  combining  with 
hydrogen,  forms  arsenuretted  hy- 
drogen gas.     [Marsh's  Test.) 

Add  to  a  suspected  solution  a 
few  drops  of  pure  chloiohvdric 
acid,  and  place  in  it  a  slip  of  bright 
copper;  no  change  occurs  until 
the  liquid  is  brought  to  the  boiling 
point,  when,  if  arsenic  be  present, 
e.vcjn  in  small  quantity,  the  copper 
acquires  an  iron-gray  coating, 
from  the  deposit  of  that  metal. 
Remove  the  slip  of  copper;  wash 
it  ill  water,  dry  it  and  gradn.illy 
heat  it  in  a  reduction  tube,  when 
arsenious  acid  will  he  sublimed 
in  niiniite  octohedial  crystals. 
The  test  succeeds  with  powdered 
arsenic, the  arsenites,  arsenic  acid, 
the  arseniates,  and  orpiment.  It 
will  even  separate  the  arsenic 
from  arsenile  of  copper,  and  from 
common  lead-shot.  lieinsch'sTsst. 

Bismuth  is  known  by  the  forma- 
tion of  a  white  precipitate,  when 
its  solution  in  nitric  acid  is 
poured  into  water;  and  by  the 
formation  of  a  black  precipitate 
with  sulphuretted  hydrogen  gas, 
and  hydrosulphates  in  solution. 


The  presence  of  copper  is  rea- 
dily shown  in  solutions.  By 
ammonia  a  beautiful  bluish  preci- 
pitate is  thrown  down,  which 
dissolves  in  an  excess  of  the  pre- 
cipitant, and  the  solution  has  a 
rich  blue  colour.  A  brisht  iron 
bar,  introduced  into  solutions  of 
copper,  occasions  the  separation 
of  the  copper,  in  a  metallic  form, 
which  deposits  itself  upon  the 
iron. 


POISONS 


•36 


roisoNS 


Poisons. 


Gold. 
Chloride  of  Oold. 

Fiilmtnating 

Oold. 


Irov. 

Sulphate  of  Iron, 

Copperas. 

Orecii  yitriol. 

Chloride  qf  Iron. 


Lexd. 

Acelaie  vf  Lead, 

Sugar  of  Lead. 

Carbonate  of  Lend, 

IVnile  Lead. 

RedOride.or  Red 

Liad. 

Litharge. 

fVinc.t   sweetened 

by  Lead. 
Water  which  has 
been  kept  in 
Leaden  vessels. 
Acidfooil,  cookid 
or  left  standing 
j»  vessels  glazed 
with  Lead. 

Mercury. 
Corrosive    Subli- 
mate. 

Cyanide  of  Mer- 
cury. 

JVitrale   of  Mer- 
cury. 

fVhitePrecipilate. 

Red  Oxide,  or  Red 
Precipitate. 

Sulphate,  or  Tur 
bilh  Mineral. 

Vermilion.cir  Red 
Sulphuret, 


Silver. 

titrate  of  Silver, 

or  Lunar  Caus- 


SvMrxo.Ms. 


Tin. 

Chloride  of  Tin 
Solution   of    Tin, 

used  by  D tiers. 
Oxide  of  Till,  or 

Putty  Poicder. 


Sulphate  of  Zinc. 
White  Vitriol. 

.Acetate  of  Zinc. 


Very  analogous  to  those 
of  other  irritant  poisons. 
This  substance  conMnniii- 
catRS  a  pink  stain  to  the 
flesh,  anil  patches  of  that 
colour  iiia\'  be  fiMiiul  about 
the  lips,  and  insiiie  the 
mouth. 

Symptoms  of  irritant  poi- 
sonins;  colic  pains,  con- 
slant  voniiting  anil  purgiiie 
Violent  pain  in  the  Ihroat. 
te'ision  of  the  episrastriuni. 
colilness  of  the  skin,  and 
feebleness  of  the  pulse. 


Irritation  of  the  alimen- 
tary canal ;  spasm  ;  nervous 
symptoms;  paralysis,  either 
partial  or  complete.  When 
taken  fur  some  time,  in 
small  quantity,  violent  and 
obstinate  colic;  tieii'ily  of 
abdominal  muscles, cramps; 
remission  of  pain;  obsti- 
nate constipation,  urine  di- 
minished, saliva  increased  ; 
countenance  an.xious  and 
gloomy.  If  relief  be  not 
promptly  obtained,  giddi- 
ness, debility,  torpor,  coma, 
convulsions  and  death.  The 
paralysis  aflects  generally 
the  upper  extremities. 

Violent  symptoms  of  irri- 
tant poisoning;  harsh  me- 
tallicastritigent  taste;  burn- 
ing pain  in  the  stomach ; 
vomiting  and  purging  fre- 
quently of  bloody  matter; 
often  irritation  of  the  uri- 
nary organs,  and  sometimes 
suppression  ;  tightness  and 
burning  in  the  throat,  occa- 
sionally so  great  as  to  pre- 
vent speech;  countenance 
not  ahvays  pale,  but  some- 
times flushed;  tendency  to 
doze;  stupor,  convulsions 
and  death. 


Those  of  other  irritant 
poisons. 


The  salts  of  gold  are  de- 
composed by  sulphate  of 
iron  ;  and  iliis  lias,  llierc- 
fure,  been  recommeiuled  as 
an  antidote.  Inflammatory 
symptoms  to  be  treated  on 
general  principles. 


Carbonate  of  so  la  would 
be  a  most  excellent  anti- 
dote to  either  of  these 
substances.  Mucilaginous 
drinks  might  also  be  em- 
ployed; and  |)a I  lieu lar  symp- 
toms relieved  by  general 
treatment. 

Sulphate  of  magnesia  and 
phosphate  of  Soda  are  both 
good  antidotes  fur  the  solu- 
ble salts  of  lead.  For  the 
solid  forms,  dilute  sulphuric 
arid  may  be  drunk.  'J'hese 
are  applicable  to  the  irri- 
tant forms  of  poisoning  by 
lead.  In  the  chronic  form, 
or  colica  pictonum,  purga- 
tivi'S  and  anodynes  are  re- 
sorted to;  venesection  ;  and 
external  applications  to  re- 
lieve the  cramps.  The  use 
ofstrvclinia  is  recommended 
for  the  paralysis. 


Albumen,  in  some  form, 
must  be  promptly  adminis- 
tered; either  white  of  eggs 
beaten  n[)  with  water,  milk, 
or  wheat  flour  beaten  up. 
The  inflammatory  syinp- 
toins  to  be  counteracted  by 
the  usual  means.  Gold, 
finely  mixed  in  dust,  with 
fine  iron  filings.  (?) 


The  free  alkalies  differ  in  their 
precipitates  from  solutinnsof  mer- 
cury. I'otassa  gives,  vvith  cono- 
sive  sublimate,  a  yellowish  one; 
aiiimonia,  awhile;  lime- water,  an 
orange;  and  sulphurelleil  hydro- 
gen, a  black.  If  a  drop  of  the  so- 
lution be  placed  on  a  piece  of 
gold,  and  touched  with  a  knife  or 
key.  the  mercury  will  be  reduced, 
which  amalgamales  with  the  gold, 
producing  a  while  spot.  The  ni- 
trate of  mercury  gives  a  black 
precipitate  w  ith  the  free  alkalies. 
All  the  solid  forms  of  ineiciiry  are 
volatile,  and  may  be  reduced  by 
heating  them  in  a  glass  tube  with 
charcoal  and  carbonate  of  soda, 
when  the  metallic  mercury  will 
sublime,  and  may  be  collected  in 
a  globule. 

Nitrate  ofsiher  is  distinguished 
hy  the  formation  of  a  while  pie- 
cipitate,  insoluble  in  nitric,  acid, 
with  chloride  of  sodium;  a  gray 
precipitate  with  ammmna,  wliicli 
is  redissolved  in  an  excess  of  am- 
monia; yellow  precipitate  with 
phosphate  of  soda.  The  precipi- 
tate of  chloride  of  silver,  obtained 
by  adding  muriate  of  soda  to  the 
nitrate  of  silver,  is  readily  re- 
duced, and  the  metallic  silver  ob- 
tained, by  niixiiig  it  with  dilute 
sulphuric  acid  a  ml  granulated  zinc. 

The  same  as  those  from  Milk  to  be  given  copious-  The  chloride  precipitates  vegp. 
other  irritant  poisons,  and  ly,  and  the  subsequent '  table  colouring  matter;  also  alliu- 
a  peculiar  tanned  appear-  treatment  to  be  regulated  men  and  gelatii.  The  v  bite  o.viile 
ance  of  the  villous  coat  of    by  the  symptoms.  I  is  precipitated  from  itssidmioii  by 

the  stomach.  I  free  alkalies;  with   snlplmr.lled 

hydrogen  gas. a  brown  precipitate. 

Violent  vomiting;  astrin- '  The  vomiting  may  he  re-'  Awhite  precipitate  is  thrown 
gent  taste,  burning  pain  in  lieved  by  copious  draughts  down  by  the  free  alkalies  frniii 
the  stomach;  pale  coiinte-  of  warm  water.  Carbonate  the  soluble  salts  of  zinc,  which 
nance;  cold  extremities;  of  soda,  administered  in  so-  becomes  yelbw'  when  strongly 
dull  eves;  fluttering  pulse.  Iition.  will  decompose  the  healed— recovering  its  u  bile  co- 
Death'  seldom  ensues,  in  sulphate  of  zinc.  Milk  and  lour  on  cooling.  Piilpbiiretled 
consequence  of  the  emetic  albumen  also  act  as  anti-  hyilroL'on  occasions  a  white  pre 
effects.  dot.'s.      General    principles    cipitale. 

to  be  observed  in  the  subse-| 

qiieni  trsatmeut. 


Chloride  of  sodium,  or 
common  salt,  immediately 
decomposes  this  substance, 
and  destroys  its  activity. 
Antiphlogistic  treatment  is 
to  be  employed  for  the  in- 
flammatory symptoms. 


Tests. 


Chloride  of  gold  is  very  readily 
decompiised,  and  the  "old  sepa- 
rated  in  a  metallic  stale.  I'rolo- 
sulphate  of  iron,  nitrate  of  silver 
and  protochloriile  of  tin.  all  nn. 
swer  this  purpose.  'I'lie  precipi- 
tated powd-r  will  be  fiiiind  insulu- 
ble,  except  in  iiitru-muriutic  acid. 

Iron  is  recognised  bv  a  bluish  j 
black  precipitate,  with  trcime 
of  galls;  rich  blue,  with  pnissiate 
of  poiassa  ;  and  a  greenish  or 
reddish  precipitate,  wuh  tlio  free 
alkalies  or  their  carbonates. 


Soluble  salts  of  lead  yield  a 
white  precipitate  with  sulphates 
and  carbonates  in  sidiition.  iSalts 
of  chromic  acid  and  iodide  of  po. 
tassiuiii  occasion  a  yellow  preci- 
pitate. Sulphuretted  hydrogen, 
a  black  precipitate.  If  solid,  the 
lead  may  be  converted  into  a 
stale  of  solution  by  nitric  acid, 
and  the  dilute  solution  be  Irsleil 
as  above. 


POISONS 


737 


POISONS 


Poisons. 

Symptoms. 

Treatment. 

Tests. 

PHOSPHORUS. 

Symptoms  of  irrilani  poi- 
s()iiiiip;paiiiiii  ilio  stomach 
anil  bowiJs;  voiniting,  (liar- 
rhcEa,  teiidoniess  and  ten- 
sion of  llie  abdomen. 

An  emetic  to  be  prompt- 
ly administered;  copious 
(iranghts  containing  mag- 
nesia in  suspension  ;  muci- 
laginous drinks;  general 
treatment  for  infianimatory 
symptoms. 

Phosphorus    is    known    by   its 
ready   inflaminahility,  luminous- 
ness    at    ordinary    temperatures, 
and  alliaceous  odour. 

GLASS  or  ENA- 
MEL. 

If  taken    in   very  coarse 
powder,  it  produces  irrita- 
tion   nnd   inflammation  of 
the  bowels. 

Large  quantities  of  crumb 
of  bread  should  he  eaten,  to 
envelop  the  particles.  (?) 
An  emetic  of  sulphate  of 
zinc  should  then  he  given, 
and  vomiting  be  promoted 
hy  dejniilcent  drinks. 

II.   ORGANIC    POISONS. 

I.  VEGETABLE    POISONS. 


Irrit.vnt  Poisons. 


Anemone  p«/.«afj7/a.     Wind  Flower. 

Arum  mncuhilum.     Wake  Robin. 

Rryoiiia  i/ioira.     Bryony. 

Caladiiim  seguinUim.     Dumbcane. 

(,'alln  pnlvsiris.     Water  Arum. 

Caltha  pnlustris.     Marsh  Marigold. 

ChflidAuiiim  mnjus.     O'landiiie. 

Cliiiialis  f/M/fca.     Virgin  Bower. 

('oii\nlvulus  /n/npn.     Jalap. 

Oiiivnlvuliis  scammonia.     Scammony. 

Crotoii  tijrliiiin.     Purging  Croton. 

Cucinnis  co/onjnt/tis.     Colocynth. 

ryclamen  Kuropieum.     Sow  liread. 

Dnpliiii;  ^HiWjiira.     Spurge  Flax. 

Daphne  meiereum.     Mi'zereon. 

Dclpliinium  siiiphisngria.     Stavesacre. 

Dioica  palii^tris      Swamp  leather-wood. 

10(|iiisc'liMu  liijemah.    Scourgrass. 

I'lijplicirliia     officinarum.       Kuphorbium. 
S,)iirge 

r;r;i!iiiln  officinalis.     Hedge  Ilyssnp. 

MippiHiian(!  vianciiiella.     Maiichiiieel. 

(Iiira  crepitans     Sand  Box. 

Ily(lri>cfitylet)u/^aris  Marsh  Pennywort. 

.lalKiplia  riircns.     Indian  Nut. 

.lalroplia  maniliot.    (^'issada. 

,luni|i"Mi.s  siihiiia.     Savin  (oil  of). 

.Iiinipcrus  Virgivinvn.  Bed  Cedar  (oil  of.) 

.Moinordica   elalerium.      Squirting    Cu- 
I     cumber. 
I  Narcissus  pseiiJo-nnrcissus.     Daffi)diK 

Pastinax  ,«(7(/ca.     (Jommon  Parsnep. 

Pediciilaris  pnluatris.   Marsh  Lousewort. 
I  Phyt<dacca  rierntir/m.     Poke, 
j  Piper  riiAcAn.     Cnbebs. 

Pluiiihago  Kuropofn.     Toothwort. 

RanuricTilus    acris,   and    other    species. 
Crowfoot. 

Rhoilndendron  chrijsanthemvm  Oleander. 

Ificiiuis  communis,     (^astor  Oil  Plant. 

Sandmcus  chitlus.     Elder. 

Sedum  nrrc.     Ptime  Crop. 
StalaL'iiiilis  rambogioide.'i.     Gamboge. 
Taiiacetum  viilgare.    Tansy  (oil  of.) 

ACRO-NARPOTIC. 

.'Ethirsa    cynapium.       Common     Fool's 
Parsley.  " 

.Acoiiitum  vnpellus.     Monkshood. 

.Agariciis.  five  species.    Mushrooms  (poi- 
sonous). 

.Aniaiiila  muscnria.   Truffles  (poisonous). 

Anngallis  nrrensis.    Meadow  Pimpernel. 

Aiida  Gome.tii. 

.Apocyiiiim  androsirmifolivm.    Pogsbane. 

.Vrisitilochia  clcmalitis.     Kirthwort. 

Arnica  moniinin-     Leopard's  bane. 

■Vsrle^iias  Siirinca.     S»  allowwort. 

Atropa  hrlliuhntia.    Deadly  Niiht  Shade. 

/Esciiliis  Qhioensis.      Buckeve. 

Urucea   nniidijsenterica.     False  Angus- 

tiira  Bark. 
Cerbera   three  species.     Cerbera. 
UliicrMphyllum  sylvestrc.     Bastard  Hem- 
lock. 


47 


Symptoms. 


The  general  effects  of  this 
class  of  vegetable  poisons 
are;  —  an  acrid  pungent 
taste,  wilh  more  or  less  of 
bitterness,  excessive  heat, 
great  dryness  of  the  mouth 
and  throat,  with  sense  of 
tishtness  there  ;  violent  vo- 
mitinir,  the  efforts  being 
continued  even  after  the 
stomach  is  emptii'd  ;  purg- 
ing, with  great  pain  in  the 
stomach  and  bowels;  pulse 
strong,  frequent,  and  regu- 
lar; breathing  ofieu  quick 
and  riitfiiult;  ai)|if'arances 
of  intoxication  ;  the  pupil  of 
the  eye  frequently  dilated, 
insensibility  rcsemliling 
death;  the  pulse  lieeoines 
slow  and  loses  its  force,  and 
death  closes  the  scene. 

If  applied  externally 
many  of  ;hein  prorluce  vio- 
lent  iiiflarnnialion  of  the 
skin,  with  vesicaiiiuLS  or 
eruptions  of  pustules 


Treatment. 


If  vomiting  have  been  occasioned  by 
the  poison,  and  the  efforts  are  still  con- 
tinued, they  may  be  rendered  easier  by 
large  draughts  of  warm  water,  or  thin 
gruel;  but  if  symptoms  of  insensibility 
have  come  cm  without  vomiting,  it 
oniiht  to  be  immediately  excited  by  the 
sulphate  of  zinc,  or  some  other  active 
emetic  substance,  and  after  its  opera- 
tion a  sharp  purgative  should  be  given 
After  as  much  as  possible  of  the  poison 
is  got  ri!  of  a  very  strong  infusion  of 
coffee,  or  vinegar  diluted  with  water, 
may  be  given  v\ith  advantage.  Cam. 
phor  mixture  with  ether  may  be  taken 
frequently,  and  if  insensibility  be  cou- 
siilerable,  warmth,  frictions,  and  blis- 
ters, may  be  employed.  If  inflaniuia- 
tioii  or  other  daiureroiis  confe(]uiMices 
have  been  induced,  they  are  to  be 
treated  upon  general  principles. 

'I'he  fruit  of  Fenillea  Cordifolia  has 
been  recnmmende<l  as  a  powerful  an- 
tidote against  vegetable  poisons;  it 
is  to  he  us(.'d  in  as  recent  a  state  as 
possible,  f?) 

N.  li.  Bromine,  chlorine,  and  iodjue 
are  said  to  be  antidotes  to  the  alka- 
loids geticfally. 


roisoNS 


•3  8 


roisoNS 


Irritant  Poisons. 


Symptoms. 


Chaillntia  loricana.     Ralbane. 
Clienopodiiiiii  murale.     Woniisoed. 
Ciciita  macuinta.     .^inerican  Hemlock. 
Cicuta  I'jro-ff.     Water  Hemlock. 
Cissiis.     Cissus. 

Cooriiliis  Inilicns.     Fish  berries. 
Colcliicum  auliimnale.    Meailovv  saffron. 
Onninin  mnculnlum.     Hemlock. 
Coriaria  myrtifotia.     Myrtle-leaved  Su- 
mach. 
Curare.     Indian  War  Poison. 
Cviiaiichiim  ereclum.     Cynanchum. 
Cvtis  IS  Inhtirinim.     Lahuriiiim. 

Datura  slrnmonium.     Thorn  Apple. 

nisilalis  pwrpwrera.     Foxglove. 

Ersot.     See  Secalc. 

Erviiin  crmlia.     Bitter  Vetch. 

Gaiiltheria    procumbcns.      Wintcrgreen 
(oil  of). 

HiPmanthiis  tozicarius. 

Hellehnriis  viger.     Black  Hellebore. 

Hvpopliylliim     sanguinaria.       Paddock 
Stool. 

Ippracnanha.    Ipecacnanha. 

Lathynis  cicera.     Lalhyriis. 

Laiiriis  camphora.     Camphor. 

Lobelia  iiijlata,     Indian  Tobacco. 

Loliiiin  iemulentum.     Darnel. 

MeWn  nzederach.     Pride  of  China. 

Merciirialis  perennis.     Mountain  Mer- 
cury. 

Nerum  oleander.     Common  Oleander. 

Nicotiana  lahncnm.     Tobacco. 

Oilnaiithe  cror.ata.     Hemlock  Dropwort. 

Passiflora  qundrangularis.     Rarbadine. 

Fiscidia  erijihrhta.     .lamaica  Dogwood. 

Polysala  veiienosu  fof  Java). 

Rhus  radicnvs.     Poison  Vine. 

Rhus  lorUodendron.     Poison  oak,  or  Su- 
mach. 

Rohiiiia  paendoacaria.     Locust  Tree. 

Rota  rrrnreohiis.     Rue. 

SanjTuinaria  Canadt^nMs.     Blood  Root. 

Pcilla  mnritima.     Squill.     Sea  Onion. 

Secale  cnrnuium..     Erffot.     Spiirreil  Rye. 

Sium    InHfolium.      Procumbent    Water 
Parsnep. 

Spiselia  Marilnndica.     Pink  Root. 

Strychnos  [irnnlii.     St.  Iinatiua's  Bean. 

Strychnos  vur  vomica.     Nux  von)ica. 

Svmplorarpus/ffi^jrfd.     Skunk  Cabbage. 

Ticunas      Extract  of  various   plants  — 
Snfith  .America. 

Tieute.      Upns  Tientl     Tree  of  .Java. 

Triticum  ffyhertnim.    Wheat  (diseased.) 

I'pas  aii'iar.     Tree  in  Java. 

Veratriim  album.     While  Hellebore. 

Veratrum  rinde.     American  Hellebore. 

Wnorara.     War  Poison  of  fiuiana. 

Zea  mnys.     Maize  (diseased). 

NARCOTIC. 

.Acta>a  apir.ata.     Baneberry. 

.Amyirdaliis  cnmmi/nis.     Bitter  Almond. 

Amvirdalus  Pemira.     Peach. 

Oelsemiiiurn  nitidum.  Yellow  Jessamine. 

Helnnias  erijthrespermn.     Fly  Poison. 

Ilyoscyamus  alhu.i.     White  Henbane. 

Hvosryamiis  niger.     Black  Henbane. 

Kalmia  Inlifolin.     Mountain  Ivy. 

Lactuca  virnsa.    Strong-scented  Lettuce. 

Opium,  and  its  proximate  |)rinciples. 

Papaver  somviferum.     Poppy. 
!  Paris  qundnfolia.     Herb  Paris. 
jPiunus  Caroliiiiavn.     Wild  Orange. 
I  Pruniis  linirocerafvs.    Cherry  Laurel. 
1  Prunus  nisrra.     Black  Cherry. 
I  Prunus  padus.     Cluster  Cherry. 
\  Prunus  Virginiava.     Wild  Cherry. 

Solanum  dulcamara.     Bitter-sweet. 

Sorbus  ncupnria.     Mountain  Ash. 

Taxus  baccala.    Yew. 


POISONOUS  MUSHROOMS. 

Agaricus  rnvscaTins.     Fly  .\garic. 
Agaricus  piperntus.     Pepper  Agaric. 
Asaricus  necntor.     Deadly  Aiiaric. 
.Agaricus  bnlbosus.     Bulbous  Asaric. 
Agaricus  chantarellus.    Chainpisnon. 


The  narcotic  vegetable 
poisons,  if  taken  into  the 
stomach  or  applied  to  a 
wound,  occasion  the  follow- 
ing effects  :— stupor  ;  numb- 
ness; heaviness  in  the  head; 
desire  to  vomit,  slight  at 
first,  but  afterwards  insup- 
portable; a  sort  of  intoxi- 
cation, stupid  air,  pupil  of 
the  eye  dilated;  furious  or 
lively  delirium,  sometimes 
pain;  convulsions  of  dif- 
ferent parts  of  the  body,  or 
palsy  of  the  limbs.  The 
pulse  is  variable,  but  at 
first  generally  strong  and 
full ;  thehreathiiis  is  quick, 
and  there  is  great  anxiety 
and  dejection,  which,  if  not 
;peediiy  relieved,  soon  ends 
in  death. 


A: 
[1 


Nausea,  heat,  and  pain 
in  the  stomach  and  bowels, 
with  vomitins  and  purging, 
thirst;  convulsions,  and 
faintinss;  pulse  small  and 


The  stomach  to  be  efT'ctually  ev.nru- 
ated.  by  giving  four  or  five  graiu.s  of 
tartar  emetic,  or  from  ten  to  Iwenly 
of  the  sulphate  of  zinc,  repeated  eMryl 
quarter  of  an  hour,  till  the  full  effect  is 
produced.  These  means  may  be  assisti'd 
bv  tickling  the  throat  with  a  feather  or 

he  finger.  Large  and  strong  glysters 
of  soap  dissolved  in  water,  or  of  salt 
and  gruel,  should  be  speedily  adminis- 
tered, to  clear  the  bowels,  and  assist  in 
cettiiig  rid  of  the  poison;  aiul  active 
purgatives  may  be  given  after  the  vo- 
niitiri'.' has  ceased.  When  as  nuich  as 
possible  of  the  poison  has  been  ex- 
pelleil.  the  patient  may  drink,  allei- 
nately,  a  tea-cupful  of  strong  hot  infu- 
sion of  coffee  and  vinecar  diluted  with 
water.  If  the  drowsiness,  which  is 
sometimes  extreme,  and  the  insensi- 
bility bordering  on  apople.vy,  be  luit 
remedied  by  these  means  blood  may  be 
taken  from  the  jugular  vein,  blisters 
mav  be  applied  to  the  neck  and  Ir.irs. 
and  the  attention  be  roused  by  every 
means  possible.  If  the  heat  declines, 
warmth  and  frictions  must  be  perse 
verinely  used.  Vegetable  acids  are  on 
no  account  (o  bo  given  before  the  poi. 
son  is  expelled,  and  it  is  desirable  tluit 
but  little  fluid  of  any  kind  should  be 
administered. 

N.  B.  Bromine,  chlorine,  and  iodine 
are  said  to  be  antidotes  to  the  alkaloids 
generally 


The  stomach  and  bowels  to  be  cle.ireil 
by  an  emetic  of  tartarized  antiuioiiy, 
followed  by  frequent  doses  of  Glauber's 
or  Epsom'salt,  and  larce.  slimiilatin'.' 
glysters.  After  the  poison  Ispvaciia'ed, 


frequent  ;'delirium  ;  dilated  I  ether  may  be  administered,  with  snial  | 


roisoNS 


■39 


roisoNS 


Poisons. 

Symptoms. 

Treatment. 

pupil,    and    stupor;     cold 
sweats,  and  death. 

I'oisonoiis       mushrooms 
may  be  distinguished  from 
theedihie  by  1  heir  botanical 
characters,  and  by  the  fol- 
l<)wiu!»  criteria.     The  for- 
mer   grow    in   wet,   shady 
places,    have    a    nauseous 
odour ;    are     softer,    more 
open,  and  porous;   have  a 
dirtylookin!,'  surface,  some- 
times  a   gaudy   colour,   or 
many    very   distinct   hues, 
particularly   if   they   have 
been  coveted  with  an  enve- 
lope ;  tliey  have  soft,  bul- 
bous stalks,  grow  rapidly, 
and  corrupt  very  quickly. 

(luantities  of  brandy  and  water;   but 
if   inflammatory    symplums    uianifesl 
themselves,    sik  h    stimuli    shiiuld    be 
omitted,  and  other  appropriate  means 
he  had  recourse  to. 

2. 

ANIMAL    POISONS. 

Sympto.ms. 

Treatment. 

POISONOUS  FISH. 
Balistes  monoceros.     Old  wife. 
Cancer  astacus.    Crawfish. 
Cancer  ritrico/us.     Land  Crab. 
Clupea  thrijssa.     Yellow- billed  Sprat. 
Coracimis/uscus  major.  Gray  Snapper. 
Coracinus  vtinor.     Hyne. 
Cnrvpluena  splende.ns.     Dolphin. 
Monnyra.     Blue  Parrot  Fish. 
Muriena  major.     Conger  Eel. 
Mvtilus  ediilis.     Mussel. 
Ostraciono-/o6c//Mm.  SnioothBottleFish. 
I'erca  major.     Barracuda. 
Perca  venenosa.     Grooper. 
Perca  venenata.     Rock  Fish. 
I'hysalia.     Portuguese  Man  of  War. 
Scomber  cicruteus.    Spanish  Mackerel. 
Scomber  mar.imus.     King  Fish. 
Scondier  t/ujinius.     Bonetta. 
Spams  clirysops.     Porgeo. 
Telrndon  scclerntus.     Tunny. 
Ti'trodon  ocetlatus.     Blower. 

In   an    hour   or   two,  or 
often    in   a    much    shorter 
time,    after    the    fisli    has 
been  eaten,  a  weight  at  the 
stomach    comes    on,   with 
slight  vertigo  and  headache, 
sense    of  heat    about    the 
bead  and  eyes,  considerable 
thirst,  and  often  an  erup- 
tion of  the  skin  (urticaria), 
and  in  many  cases  death. 

An  emetic  should  be  speedily  adminis- 
tered, or,  in  the  absence  of  it,  vomiting 
may  be  excited,  by  tickling  the  throat 
with  the  finger,  and  takins  larce 
draughts  of  warm  water.  After  full  vo- 
miting, an  active  purgative  should  be 
given,  to  remove  any  of  ihe  noxious 
matter  that  may  have  found  its  way 
into  the  intestines.  Vinecar  and  water 
may  be  drunk  after  the  above  remedies 
have  operated,  and  the  body  may  be 
sponged  with  the  same.  Water,  made 
very  sweet  with  sugar,  to  which  ether 
may  be  added,  may  be  drunk  freely  as  a 
corrective,  and  a  very  weak  solution  of 
alkali  has  been  recommended  to  obviate 
tlie  effects  of  the  poison.  If  spasm 
en.sne ;  after  evacuations,  laudanum,  in 
considerable  doses,  is  necessary.  If  in- 
flammal  ion  should  occur,  the  usual  means 
of  removing  it  must  be  employed. 

POISONOUS  SERPENTS. 
Boa  crolaloidcs.     Copperhead. 
Cencbris  morkeson.     Mockeson. 
Cerastes  nafUornis.    Horned  Viper  of 

Western  Africa. 
Coluber  berus.     Viper. 
Coluber  prestcr.     Black  Viper. 
Orolalus,  (.5  species  )    Rattle  Snake 
Scyiale  piscivorus.    Water  Viper. 

A    sharp     pain     in     the 
wounded  part,  which  soon 
extends   over   the    limb  or 
body ;    great    swelling,    at 
first    hard    and    pale,  then 
reddish,  livid,  and  gangre- 
nous in  appearance;  faint- 
inss,     vomitings,     convul- 
sions, and  sometimes  jauu 
dice;  pulse  small,  frequent, 
and     irregular;     breathing 
difficult,    cold   sweats,   the 
sisht   fails,  and   the   intel- 
lectual   faculties     are    de- 
ranged.  hiHammation.and 
often    extensive    suppura- 
tion and  gangrene,  followed 
by  death. 

A  cupping-glass  to  be  applied  over  the 
wound,  or  a  moderately  tight  lieature 
above  the  bites,  and  tlie  wound  left  to 
bleed  after  being  well  washed  with  warm 
water;  the  actual  cautery,  lunar  caustic, 
or  butter  of  antimony,  to  he  then  applied 
freely  to  it,  and  afterwards  covered  with 
lint,  dipped  in  equal  parts  of  olive  oil  and 
spirit  of  hartshorn.  Tlie  lieature  to  be 
removed  if  Ihe  iiiflamiuation  be  consi- 
derable. Warm,  diliiliug  drinks,  and 
small  doses  of  ammonia  or  harisiiorn,  to 
cause  perspiration  ;  the  patient  to  be 
well  covered  in  bed, and  a  little  warm  wine 
given  occasionally.  Ifganiirene  be  threat- 
ened, wine  may  be  given  more  freely,  and 
the  bark  should  be  had  recourse  lo.  .Arse- 
nic, the  principal  ingredient  in  Ihe  Tan- 
jore  Pill,  has  been  strongly  recommended. 

C.VNTHARIS  VESICATORFA. 
Spanish,  or  Blistering  Fly. 
Lylta  vittala.    Potato  Fly. 

Nauseous  odour   of  the 
breath;  acrid  taste;  burn- 
ing heal  in  the  throat,  sto- 
mach, and    abdomen  ;   fre- 
quent     vomitings,     often 
bloody,  with  copious  bloody 
stools;  excriiciatins  pain  in 
the  stomach;   painful   and 
obstinate    priapism,    with 
heat   in     the    bladder,   and 
strangury  or  retention    of 
urine;     frishtful     convul- 
sions, delirium  and  death. 

Vomiting  to  be  excited  by  drinking 
sweet  oil.  sugar  and  w'ater,  milk,  or  lin- 
seed tea,  very  freely.  Emollient  glys- 
ters  should  he  administered,  and  if 
svniploms  of  inflammation  of  the  sto- 
mach, kidney,  or  bladder  supervene, 
they  must  be  subdued  by  appropriate 
treatment. 

Camphor  dissolved  in  oil  may  be 
rubbed  over  the  belly  and  the  thighs. 

VENOMOUS  INSECTS 
Tarrfntula. 
Scorpio.     Scorpion. 
Vpspa  i-raliro.     Hornet. 
Vespa  rii/traris.     Wasp. 
Apis  mellifica.     Bee. 
Culi'T  pipirns.     Gnat. 
fEslrus  bovis.    Gad-fly 

In   ceneral.  the  sling  of 
these  iiiscctsoccasious  only 
a  slisht  deijiee  of  pain  and 
swcllini;  hut  occasionally 
the  symptoms  are  more  vio- 
lent, and  sickness  and  fever 
are  produced  by  the  inten- 
sity of  the  pain. 

Hartshorn  and  oil  may  be  rubbed  on 
the  affi'cted  part,  and  a  piece  of  rag, 
moistened  in  the  same,  or  in  salt  and 
water,  may  be  kept  upon  it  till  tl!<'  pain 
is  removed.  A  few  drops  of  hartshorn 
may  be  civen  frequentlv  in  a  little  water, 
ami  a  glass  or  two  of  wine  may  be  taken. 
The  stins  may,  in  general,  be  removed 
bv  making  stronc  pressure  around  it 
with  111"  barrel  of  n  sim.tII  v\atch-k<  y. 

POISON 


740 


roLiosis 


SALIVA  OF  THE  RABID  DOG. 


Symptoms. 


At  an  uncertain  interval 
after  the  bile,  (reiicrally, 
however,  bet  wee  n  the 
twentieth  day  and  three  or 
four  months,  pain  or  unea- 
siness occurs  in  llie  hillen 
part,  thouirh  the  wound 
may  have  been  lonjr  liealcd. 
Anxiety,  uneasiness,  Ian- 
puor,  spasms,  horror,  dis- 
turbed sleep,  difficult  respi- 
ration succeed,  and  are 
soon  very  much  increased  ; 
violent  convulsions  affect 
the  whole  body,  hiileously 
distorting  the  nniscles  of 
the  face;  the  eyes  are  red 
and  protruded,  the  toniiue 
swells  and  often  hangs  out, 
and  viscid  saliva  flows  from 
the  mouth ;  there  is  pain  in 
the  stomach,  with  bilious 
vomitings, a  horror  of  fluids, 
and  impossibility  of  drink- 
ins  thnni.  All  the,se  symp- 
toms are  accravated  till  Ilie 
sufferer  is  relieved  by  death. 


TitK.MMENT. 


Hydrophobia  is  more  easily  preventori 
llian  cureil;  indeed,  it  is  d'liblr'd  wlie- 
tlicr  it  ever  has  been  rurcfi.  Merriiry, 
arsenic,  opium,  musk,  canipbnr.  acids, 
wine,  vegetable  and  mineral  nik.ili,  oil. ' 
various  herbs,  and  many  oilnr  reine- ' 
dies  whose  effccis  are  (piii(f  oppohjie,  I 
have  been  etiiployed,  but  rnuie  lan  be  I 
relied  on,  Large  blood-leitiiigs.  the 
warm  and  cobl  bath,  ami  almost  eveiy 
other  remedial  agent,  liave  bee.i  tried 
without  succe,=s 

The  bitten  part  sliould  be  completely 
cut  out,  even  after  it  lias  healed,  if  the 
symptoms  have  not  yil  conn'  on;  ilip 
part  should  Ibi'Ti  be  immersed  in  warm 
waler  or  he  washed  with  it  as  long  iis  it 
will  bleed,  and,  after  the  most  perse- 
vering ablution,  caustic  shoulil  be  ap- 
plied to  every  part  of  the  surface,  and 
thi'ii  the  wound  covered  with  a  poullice. 
and  suffered  to  heal  by  graniilaiioii. 

No  milder  discipline  can  ensure  safety. 


The  tnnst  energetic  poisons  are  used  therapeu- 
tically, and  often  with  considerable  advantage. 
They  have,  of  course,  to  be  administered  in  ex- 
tremely small  doses,  to  avoid  producing  poi- 
soning. 

Poison,  Akrow,  see  Arrow  poison  —  p.  Berry 
tree,  Melia  azedarach  —  p.  Hemlock,  Conium. 

Poison,  Italian,  Liquor  arseniciilis  —  p.  Mor- 
bid, Virus. 

Poison  Oak,  Rhux  to.xicodendron  —  p.  Root, 
Cicuta  maculata. 

Poisox,  Sausage,  Allantoto.xicum  —  p.  Vege- 
table, Upas. 

Poison  Vine,  Rhus  radicans. 

POISONING,  Veuefic"ium,  Toxicn'tio,  hitoxi- 
ca'tio,  Eutoxin'muH,  Eiitoxicii'mim,  Phnrmacei'n, 
Malejic"inm,  Veiieiia'liou,  (F.)  ErnpoiHonnemeut, 
Intoxication.  The  art  of  applying  a  poisonous 
substance  to  any  of  the  textures  in  a  dose  capa- 
ble of  occasioning  more  or  less  serious  symp- 
toms. Rigorously  speaking,  therefore,  if  a  phy- 
sician, in  treating  any  case,  employs  a  deleterious 
medicine  in  a  .small  dose,  which,  owing  to  parti- 
cular circumstances,  produces  unpleasant  symp- 
toms, he  may  be  said  to  have  poisoned.  The 
term  is,  however,  generally  restricted  to  poison- 
ing by  design. 

Poisoning  has  also  been  used,  by  a  few,  to  de- 
note the  series  of  symptoms  resembling  those 
produced  by  certain  poisons,  which  occasionally 
follow  the  use  of  substances  that  are  generally 
innoxious.  Overloading  the  stomach  with  indi- 
gestible food,  has,  for  example,  given  occasion  to 
symptoms  resembling  those  produced  by  a  nar- 
cotic poison,  and  the  effect  has  been  termed  poi- 
goning. 

Secret  poinoning  was,  at  one  time,  practised  as 
an  art.  It  consisted  in  administering  medicines, 
which  should  act  as  dow  pninons.  and  gradually 
undermine  the  strength  and  life.  Its  agency  was 
far  from  being  so  extensive  as  was  imagined. 

POrSONOUS,  Tox'ical,  Nox'ins,  (F.)  Toxiqne, 
Veneneux.     Having  the  qualities  of  a  poison. 

POISONS,  ACRO-NARCOTIC,  P.  narcotieo- 
acrid  —  p.  Corrosive,  P.  acrid  —  p.  Escharotic,  P. 
acrid  —  p.  Irritating,  P.  acrid  —  p.  Putrescent,  P. 
septic.     See  Poison. 

POITRINAIRE,  Phthisicus. 

POTTRTNE,  Thorax. 

POIVUE  D'EAU,  Polygonum  bydropiper  — 


p.  de  Gitinfe,  Capsicum  annuum — p.  d' hide.  Cap- 
sicum annuuiu — p.  de  Janiaique,  see  Myrtus  pi- 
menta — p.  Long,  Piper  longum — p.  de  Moiue, 
Vitex — J).  Noir,  Piper  nigrum — p.  Petit,  Vitex — 
]).  d  Queue,  Piper  cubeba — p.  Sunvugc,  \'ilex. 

POIX  BLANCHE,  see  Pinus  abies  — /j.  de 
Bonrgogne,  see  Pinus  abies — p.  Granne,  see  Pinns 
abies — p.  Janne,  see  Pinns  abies — p.  Liqnide, 
see  Pinus  sylvestris — p.  Minemle,  Pissa-'^jihaltum 
— p.  ilfinera/e  scoriacSe,  Asphaltum  —  p.  Ntivule, 
see  Pinus  sylvestris — p.  Noire,  see  Pinus  sylves- 
tris. 

POKE,  Phytolacca  decandra  —  p.  Indian,  Ve- 
ratrnm  viride — p.  Stink,  Dracontiuin  fwliduin — 
p.  Weed,  Phytolacca  decandra,  Veratrum  viride. 

POLANIS'IA  GRA'VEOLENS,  Clammy  weed, 
Stinkweed,  Wormipeed,  Clammy  llnntard,  Fahe 
mustard,  from  ttoAus,  '  many,'  and  avtcos,  'unequal,' 
in  reference  to  its  stamens.  An  indigenous  plant, 
Ord.  Capparidacea\  Sex.  Syst.  Dodecandria  Mo- 
nogynia,  which  blossoms  in  summer,  and  is  found 
in  every  part  of  North  America.  To  the  whole 
plant  have  been  ascribed  anthelmintic  properties. 

POLAR  PLANT,  Silphium  laciniatuin. 

POLECAT  AVEED,  Dracontium  foBtidiim. 

POLEMO'NIUM    REPTANS,    Fahe  Jacoh'n 

Ladder,  Greek  Vide'rian,  Siceat-root.  Order, 
Poletnnniaceae ;  indigenous,  flowering  in  May; 
has  been  used  as  a  diaphoretic  and  expectorant. 

POLENTA,  Alphiton. 

POLES,  Chalaza;. 

POLEY  MOUNTAIN,  OF  CANDY,  Teucrium 
Creticum — p.  Mountain  of  Montpelier,  Teucrium 
capitatuin. 

POLIA'TER,  from  jroAif,  'a  town,'  and  larpof, 
'a  physician.'  A  physician  exercising  his  pro- 
fession in  a  town,  by  the  appointment  of  the  go- 
vernment. —  Castelli. 

POLICE',  MED'ICAL,  PoUti'a  med'icn,  Poli- 
tohiotherapi'a,  Jfedici'na  polit'ica,  Ordo  niedic"i- 
na'lia,  Pulit'ical  med'ieine,  (F.)  Police  medicale 
ou  sanitaire.  Hygienic  rules  estahli.slicd,  or 
which  ought  to  be  established,  for  the  jirevcntion 
of  disease,  and  to  contribute  to  the  progre.s,'!  of 
medicine.  The  salubrity  of  districts,  especially 
during  the  existence  of  spreading  disease,  is 
greatly  ensured  by  an  efficient  medical  [loliee. 

POLICLIN'ICA,  from  rroAif,  'a  town,'  and 
K\nri,  'a  bed.'     Treatment  of  diseases  in  a  town. 

POLIO'SIS,  Tricho'aia  polio' bin,  Spilo' tin  poli- 


rOLIOTES 


741 


POLYGALA 


o'm's,  Pol'iofes,  Canit"!eH,  from  vomo^,  'hoary, 
grHy.'  Hair  prematurely  gray  or  hoary.  The 
Plate  of  becoming  gray,  yruy-haired,  Poliot'ri- 
chim- 

POLIOTES,  Poliosis. 

POLIOTIUCIIOS.  see  Poliosis. 

POMTIA   MEDICA,  Police,  medical. 

POIJTOBIOTilKRAPIA,  Police,  medical. 

POLIUM  CAPITATUM,  Teucrium  capitatum 
—  p.  Cruticum,  Teucrium  Crcticum  —  p.  Mouta- 
miiii,  Teucrium  capitatum. 

POLL,  Head. 

POLLEN,  (L.)  Pollen,  PoUh,  TvaXr,,  'dust.' 
The  t'ccuiidiiling  dust  contained  in  the  anthers  of 
fliAvers,  which  is  dispersed  on  the  stif^uia.  It  is 
cnnveyed  to  the  ovary  through  the  stigma  by  the 
J'olten  tube,  Tubus  jjollin'icus,  (F.)  Bui/au  pol- 
liHifjiie. 

POLLEX,  genitive  Pol'lich,  An'h'cheir,  Prom', 
amis,  Diifitus  primus  seu  viaguus,  Alius  jjollex, 
Tliumh,  (Prov.)  Thame,  Tom-toe,  from  pollere,  'to 
liave  much  strength.'  (F.)  Pouce.  The  first  of 
tlie  fingers  in  size  and  strength.  It  is  asserted 
that  the  term  poltroon  is  derived  from  pol'liie 
tniiicu'to;  —  the  Romans  who  were  desirous  of 
lioiiig  exempted  from  military  service  being  ac- 
customed to  cut  off  the  thumb,  and  thus  render 
tlienisclves  unfit  to  handle  arms. 

Por,LKX.  see  Digitus. 

Poi.i.KX  Pkiiis,  Hclliis,  Hallux.    The  great  toe. 

POLLINC'TOR,  Po^/|-«c7fc,  (L.)  In  antiquity, 
an  anointer,  dresser,  or  embalmcr  of  the  dead. 

POLLINCTURA,  Embalming. 

POLLLS,  Pollen. 

POLLOCK,  see  Oleum  jecoris  aselli. 

POLLOD'IC,  Pollod'icus ;  from  noXvs,  'many,' 
[ind 'o(5u{,  'away.'  An  epithet  proposed  by  Dr. 
Marshall  Hall  for  a  course  of  nervous  action  pro- 
ceeding from  one  point,  in  many  directions,  to 
every  other. 

POLLOM,  LITTLE,  Polygala  paucifolia. 

POLLU'TIOX,  Pollu'tlo,  from  potluo,  pollu- 
tiim,  'to  profane.'  The  excretion  of  the  seminal 
liquor  or  sperm,  or  the  production  or  orgasm  in 
liiiiie  or  female,  at  other  times  than  during  coition. 
When  occasioned  by  a  voluntary  act,  it  is  called 
finiply  Pollution  or  Masturbntion,  (F.)  Souillure  ; 
when  excited  during  sleep,  by  lascivious  dreams, 
it  takes  the  name  Nocturnal  pttlhition,  Exoneiro'- 
*'»,  Oiicirofi'inoe,  Oneiroi/'onos,  Onciro(/onorrh<f'n, 
Exi>»eirn(j' in  us,  Spermatoclem'ma,  Spermatoclep'- 
«/«,  Spcrinatolep'sis,  Spermatolip'sis,  Gonorrhoea 
(lormien'tium  seu  oneiro(/'onos  seu  vera  seu  libirli- 
vo'eii,  Pro/hi'rium  sem'inis,  Spermatorrha''a,  Pa- 
yonir'ia  salajc.  Night  pollution,  (F.)  Pollution  in- 
vuluiilaire. 

POLLUTION  INVOLONTAIRE,  Pollution 
— p.  Nocturnal,  Pollution — p.  Self,  Masturbation 
— p.  Voluntary,  Masturbation. 

POLONYCiriA,  Polyonych'ia,  from  TroXuf, 
'iuany,'and  ovv^,  ofv^of,  'a  nail.'  The  condition 
(if  having  supernumerary'  nails, — a  rare  congeni- 
tal monstrosity. 

POLT-FOOT,  see  Kyllosis. 

POLY, /'i'/)/",  To>us,  '  many,  much, full.'  Hence: 

POLYACTIUM  TRISTE,  Pelargonium  triste. 

POLYvEMIA,  Plethora. 

POLY.F-MIC,  Plethoric. 

POLY,EMICUS,  Plethoric. 

POLYANILEMIA,  Anwmia. 

POL  YANUKMIE,  An»mia. 

POLYANTH'ES  TURERO'SA,  Amarueachu. 
Old.  Liliacesv.  The  root  is  cut  into  slips  and 
laid  ujion  the  bites  of  serpents  Cy  the  Peruvian 
Indians. 

POLYBLEN'NIA,  from  pohj,  and  fiXcwa,  'mu- 
cus.'    Excessive  secretion  of  mucus. 
POLYBREPUIA,  Pregnancy,  complex. 


POLY'CAIIP'^,  from  poll/,  and  A-nprof,  'fruit.' 
A  divi.-ion  of  cutaneous  diseases  of  tlie  family 
Eczematosen,  of  Fuchs,  including  Psoriasis, 
Lichen,  Herpes,  and  Impetigo. 

POIjY'C'ERAS,  from  polij,  and  xtpas,  'horn.' 
A  monstrous  animal  having  many  horns. — Gurlt. 

POLYCHOL'IA,  J'crichol'ia,  Hiiperchol'ia, 
from  poly,  and  x"^'^'  '  bile.'  Superabundance  of 
bile ;  such  as  is  supposed  to  exist  in  bilious 
fevers. 

POLYCIIREST'US,  from  poly,  and  ^P'^'^m, 
'useful.'  Having  many  virtues.  An  ancient 
name  for  certain  medicines  considered  to  be  use- 
ful in  many  diseases. 

POLYCilRONIIlS,  Chronic. 

POLYCIIY'LIA,  from  poly,  and  x"^"^!  'juice.' 
Poli/ihi/'iiila.     Fulness  of  juices. 

POL'YCHYMIA,  Polychylia  — p.  Sanguinea, 
Pleth(,ra. 

POLYCLIN'ICA,  from  poly,  and  iT^ivr,,  'bed.' 
Provideil  with  many  beds;  —  as  an  hospital. 

POLY'COR'IA,  from  po/y,  and  ko//);,  'the  pu- 
pil.' The  state  in  which  there  is  more  than  one 
pupil. — Von  Aininon. 

POLYCRINOSES,  see  Profluvium. 

POLYCYE'SIA,  Polyrye'sis,  from  poly,  and 
KvrjiTii,  'pregnancy.'  Frequent  or  quickly  recur- 
ring pregnancies:  also,  compound  pregnancy. 

POLYCYTH^VMIA,  from  poly,  kvtos,  'a  cell,' 
and  'at/xa,  'blood.'  A  condition  of  the  blood  in 
which  there  is  an  increase  of  the  red  corpuscles. 

POLYDAC'TYLUS,  Perisxodac'tylus,  from 
poly,  and  (^axruXos,  'a  finger.'  One  who  has  a 
supernumerary  finger  or  fingers,  or  toes. 

POLYDIP'SIA,  from  poly,  and  iiiv.  'thirst;' 
Sitis  morbo'sa  seu  iiiten'sa,  Polypo'sia,  Dipso'sia 
arens,  Exfessire  thirst,  (F.)  Suif  excessire.  A 
constant  desire  for  drinking,  with  a  sense  of  dry- 
ness in  the  mouth  and  throat.  It  is  mostly  symp- 
tomatic of  fever,  inflammation,  dropsy,  excessive 
discharges,  tfec,  and  is  so  much  a  part  of  diabetes, 
that  it  has  been  called  Polydipsia. 

POLYG'ALA,  from  poly,  and  yn\a,  'milk  ;'  P. 
vuhja'ris,  Common  Milkirort.  Ord.  Polygalacese. 
Sex.  Syst.  Diadelphia  Octandria.  The  leaves  are 
bitter,  and  are  used  in  the  same  cases  as  the  Poly- 
gala amara. 

Polygala  Ama'ra,  P.  amarel'la  seu  vuhjn'ris, 
Bitter  Milkwort.  A  powerful  bitter  ;  and.  conse- 
quently, tonic.  Its  reputed  virtues  are  balsamic, 
(lemulcent,  and  corroborant.  The  Polygala  rit- 
hel'la,  or  nitte>  Polygala  of  the  United  States, 
has  the  same  virtues. 

PoLVGALA  Amarhlla,  P.  amara  —  p.  Bitter, 
see  P.  amara — p.  Grandiflora,  P.  senega. 

Polyg'alA  Paiicifo'lia,  Trivlisper'ma  gran- 
dlflo'ra.  Dwarf  Millcwort,  Little  Pollom,  Ever- 
green  Snakeroot,  (F.)  Polygale  naine,  possesses 
the  same  properties  as  P.  Senega. 

Polvg'ala  Skn'ega.  P.  Viryinia'na  seu  gran- 
di/lo'ra,  Sen'eka,  Mattlesnahe  Milkwort,  Senega 
or  Rattlesnake  root,  (F.)  Polygale  de  Virginie  ou 
de  Seneka.  The  bark  is  the  active  part  of  the 
root.  Senega  (Ph.  U.  S.).  Its  taste  is  at  first 
acrid,  and  afterwards  very  hot  and  pungent.  It 
was  once  esteemed  to  be  specific  against  the  poi- 
son of  the  rattlesnake  and  in  pleurisy,  pneumo- 
nia, Ac,  after  the  inflammatory  action  had  been 
got  under.  It  has  been  given  also  in  humoral 
asthma,  chronic  rheumatism,  dropsy,  croup,  amen- 
orrhcea,  Ac.  According  to  Peschier,  it  contains 
tiiree  particular  principles,  Pidyg'altne  or  Sen'e- 
gine,  Jsol'nsine,  and  Polyg'alic  Acid.  Dose,  gr. 
:)0  to  40  of  the  powder. 

Polygala  Sh^RPKNTA'niA.  A  shrub  of  Caffra- 
ria,  the  root  of  which  is  considered  by  the  natives 
as  a  sure  antidote  against  the  biles  of  venomous 
serpents. 


POLYGALACTIA 


742 


rOLYPODIUM 


Poi.YGALA  VirginIana,  P.  scncga  —  p.  Vulga- 
ris P.  iiinara. 

POLYGALACTIA,  Polyga'lia,  from  poly,  and 
yoXtt,  yaXaKToi,  'milk.'  Superabundant  secretion 
of  milk  ;   s;alactia. 

POL  ro ALE  NAINE,  Polygala  paucifolia  — 
p.  de  Viripnie,  Polygala  Virginiana. 
POLYGALIA.  Polygalactia. 
POLYGALINE,  see  Polygala  senega. 
POLYGONATUM,    Convallaria    polygonatum 
— p.  Anceps,  Convallaria  polygonatum — p.  Cani- 
culatum,  Convallaria  canaliculata — p.  Latifolium, 
Convallaria  canaliculata  —  p.  Multiflorum,  Con- 
vallaria  multiflora  —  p.   Pubescens,    Convallaria 
pubescens  — p.  Uniflorum,  Convallaria  polygona- 
tum—  p.  Vulgare,  Convallaria  polygonatum. 

POLYG'ONUM,  P.  aviciila're,  from  ]>o/i/,  and 
yovv,  'a  knee  or  joint.'  P.  ceutino'diiim  sou  ercc'- 
tum,  Centiiio'dia,  Centumno'din,  Saiiynlnn'lis  Cor- 
rig"lo/a,  Saiiguina'ria,  Knotgrass,  Knotweed, 
Bindweed,  Doorweed,  (F. )  Itenouee,  Trainasxe, 
Ceiituiode.  Ord.  Polygonaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Oc- 
tandria  Trigynia.  This  grass  is  said  to  be  a 
feeble, astringent. 

Polygonum  Acre,  P.  hydropiper. 
Polygonum  Amphib'ium,  P.  cocctn'enm.  Wafer 
Persica'riu,  of  Europe    and  this  country.      The 
roots  have  been  used  like  sarsaparilla,  especially 
in  diseases  of  the  skin. 

Polygonum  Bistoh'ta,  P.  bisforfoi'den,  Bisfor- 
tn,  Coliibri'iia,  Ojfie"inol  Bhtort,  Great  Bistort  or 
Snakeweed,  {¥.)  Bistorte,  Conleiivrine,  Serpentaire 
rouge.  The  root  is  a  powerful  astringent  and 
tonic;  and,  as  such,  has  been  used  in  internal 
hemorrhage,  atonic  diarrhoea,  ague,  <fee.  Dose, 
gr.  XV  to  ^i. 

Polygonum  Bistohtoides,  P.  bistorta — p.  Cen- 
tinodium.  P.  aviculare. 

Polygonum  Coocinkum,  P.  amphibium. 
Polygonum    Divarica'tum  ;    Eastern    BtieJc- 
whent  plant.     The  roots,  reduced  to  a  coarse  meal, 
are  said  to  be  much  used  as  an  article  of  diet  by 
the  Siberians. 

Polygonum  Ehectum,  P.  aviculare. 
Polygonum  Fagop'yrum,  Fai/ap' ynim,  F. 
esculent' u)n,  Trit'icum  Fagi'num,  Buckwheat,  (F.) 
Sarrasin,  Ble  uoir.  The  grain  of  this  plant  con- 
stitutes a  principal  article  of  food  with  the  inha- 
bitants of  Russia,  Germany,  and  Switzerland.  It 
is  much  used  in  the  United  States. 

Polygonum  Hydrop'iper,  /'.  acre  seu  liydro- 
piperoidcs  (Pursh)  seu  puncta'tuni,  Hydroji'iper, 
Persiea'ria  iirens,  Mercn'rius  terres'tris.  Poor 
Iran's  Pepper,  Biting  Arse-smart,  Smartioeed, 
Lakeieeed,  Water-pepper,  (F.)  Poivre  d'eau,  Per- 
aicaire pioicree  ou  hr&lante  on  acre,  Piment  d'eau, 
Cnrage,  Itenouee  acre.  The  leaves  of  this  plant 
have  an  acrid,  burning  taste,  and  resemble  those 
of  the  arum.  They  have  been  recommended  as 
possessing  antiseptic,  aperient,  and  diuretic  vir- 
tues. The  fresh  leaves  have  been  applied  exter- 
nally as  a  stimulating  cataplasm. 

Polygonum  HYDROPiPEROiDES,  P.  Hydropiper, 
P.  punctatutn.  Polygonum  hydropiperoides  of 
Michaux,  mild  waterjjiper ;  indigenous;  has  no 
acrid  properties. 

Polygonum  Perstca'rta,  Persicaria,  P.  minor 
Bexi  mitis,  Plumha'go,  Lady's  Thumb,  Heart's  ease, 
(Prov.)  Redshanks,  (F.)  Persicaire  donee.  This 
plant  is  said  to  possess  vulnerary  and  antiseptic 
qualities.  It  has  been  given  in  wine  to  arrest 
gangrene. 

Polygonum  Puncta'tum,  P.  hydropipero'i'des. 
Water  pepper  of  America,  Smartweed,  possesses 
similar  properties  to  Polysjonuin  hydropiper,  and 
is  occasionally  used  internally  in  gravel,  and  ex- 
ternally in  chronic  ulcers.  A  fluidrachm  of  the 
saturated  tincture  has  been  extolled  in  amenor- 
rhoea.     See  Polygonum  hydropiper. 


Polyg'onum  Virginia'nUM,  Wand-spil-ed  Per- 
siea'ria, Virgin' in  Bistort ;  indigenous;  is  astrin- 
gent, diuretic,  and  tonic. 

POLYGROMA,  Staphyloma. 
POLYHI'DRIA,  PotyVdria,  Polyidro'sis,  from 
pol>i,  and  'li/iwf,  'sweat.'     Excessive  sweating. 
POLYIIYDKIA,  Hvdrops. 
POLYIIYPERlIyEMIA,  Plethora. 
POLYIDRIA,  Polyhidria. 
POLYIDROSIS,  Polyhidria. 
POLYLYiMPIlIA,  Anasarca. 
POLYMASTII'US,  Plciomas'lhns,  from  poly, 
and  fjaaSof,  'breast.'     A  monster   having  scvcnil 
breasts.  —  Gurlt.     The  condition  has  been  called 
Pohjinn'zia,  Pleioma'zia,  and  Pleoma'ziu. 
POLYMAZIA,  see  Polymasthiis. 
POLYMEL'IAN,  (F.)   Polymelien,  from  poly, 
and  /utXos.  'a  limb.'    An  epithet  given  to  monsters 
characterized  by  the  insertion,  in   a  well  formed 
subject,  of  one  or  more  accessory  limbs,  accoin- 
panied,   at  times,  by  the  rudiments   of  certain 
other  parts. — I.  G.  St.  llilaire. 

POLYMERIA,  Polymerismus  —  p.  Promiscua 
translativa.  Transposition  of  the  viscera. 

POLYMERIS'MUS,    Polymeria,    from    poly, 
and  iiepoi,  'apart.'     A  monstrosity,  which  con- 
sists in  the  existence  of  supernumerary  orguTis; 
as  a  sixth  finger  of  the  hand. 
POLYNEIIRON,  Plantago. 
POLYONYCIIIA,  Polonychia. 
POLYOP'SIA,  Pol'yopy.  from  poly,  and  01/ if, 
'sight.'     Vision   is  so  called,  when  multiple  or 
manifold. 

POLYOPY',  Polyopsia. 

POLY'OREX'IA,  from  poly,  and  o/jt^ij.  'appe- 
tite.' Excessive  appetite  or  hunger.  A  genus 
in  the  Gastroses  of  M.  Alibert. 

POLY'PE'RIA,  from  poly,  and  Titipof,  'muti- 
lated.' Congenital  misconstruction  of  various 
parts  or  organs.  —  Good. 

POLYPIIA'GIA,  Multivoran'lia,  from  2'"'.'/> 
and  (jiayd),  'I  eat.'  Voracity.  Faculty  of  eat- 
ing or  subsisting  on  many  kinds  of  food.  See 
Boulimia. 

POLYPH'AGOUS,  Polyph'agus,  Multiv'orous, 
(F.)  Polyphage.  Relating  or  appertaining  to 
polyphagia. 

POLYPIIARMACI'A,  Polypharm'acy  ;  from 
poly,  and  ipupfjiaKov,  'a  medicine.'  Tiie  |)rescTil)- 
ing  of  too  many  medicines.  A  prescription,  con- 
sisting of  a  number  of  medicines  ;  hence  the  name 
Polyphar'macus,  (F.)  Polyphurmaque,  given  to 
one  who  is  in  the  habit  of  prescribing  a  number 
of  medicines,  and  whose  prescriptions  are  loaded 
with  ingredients.'  The  term  is  taken  in  bad 
part. 

POLYPHARMAQUE,  see  Polypharmacia. 
POLYPHYSIA,  Flatulence. 
POLYPIFORM  CONCRETIONS,  see  Polypus. 
POLY'PIONIA,  see  Polysarcia  —  p.  Infantum, 
see  Polysarcia. 

POLYPIOSIS,  see  Polysarcia. 
POLYPLAS'TIC,    Polyplas'ticus,    from   poly, 
and   TrXaaabi,  '  I  form.'      That  which  has  many 
shapes. 

PoLYPLASTic  Element,  in  histology,  is  one 
which  does  not  retain  its  primary  shape  :  but  un- 
dergoes transformation  into  others.  —  (ierber. 

POLYPODPTES.  Wine  impregnated  with 
polypody. 

POLY'PO'DTUM,  p.  Vulga're  seu  Virginia'- 
num  seu  pinnati/'idum,  Filic'ula  dulcis,  C'oiiinion 
Polypody,  Fern  root,  Rock  Brake,  Brake  root, 
(F.)  Foiigire  douce.  Ord.  Filices.  From  ;)"/'/, 
and  Touj,  TTo&oi,  'a  foot,'  owing  to  its  many  roots. 
This  fern  grows  in  the  clefts  of  rocks,  walls,  kc, 
I  in  both  hemispheres.   It  was  formerly  regarded  aa 


POLYPODY 


743       POLYSTOMA   PINGUICOLA 


a  cholagogue,  and  was  given  in  head  diseases.   It 
is  not  used  now. 

PoLYPODiDM  Adiantiforme,  See  Calagualae 
radix  —  ]).  Ammifolium,  see  Calagualae  radix 
— |).  Argenteuui,  see  Calagualse  radix  — p.  Ceta- 
rfficinum,  P.  incanuin  — p.  Calaguala,  Calagualae 
radix  — p.  Coriaceum,  see  Calagualic  radix— p. 
Dentatum,  Aspleniuni  filix  foouiina  —  p.  Filix 
foeiiiina,  Asplenium  filix  fa-inina. 

PoLYPo^DiuM  Filix  Mas,  Axpid'ium  sexiAthyr'. 
{mil  seu  Nephru'dium  seu  Poh/H'tlcum  Filix  Mus, 
A.  dcpai'tum  seu  ero'tmni,  Filix  pinna'tn,  Ptciis, 
JHechiioii,  Polyn-hi'zon,  lilancnim  Oriba'nii,  Lon- 
chi'tin,  Fi/ic'iitii,  Filix  Man,  F.  non  ramo'sa  den- 
ta'la,  Nephro'diitm  crenatiini,  PohjH'ficum  callip'- 
teris,  Male  Polypody  or  Feni,  (F.)  Foiii/ere  male. 
The  rhizoma  of  this  plant,  Filix  Ifas,  Ph.  U.  S., 
has  heen  much  extolled  as  an  anthelmintic,  and 
in  cases  of"  ta>nia.  It  was  the  basis  of  a  once 
celebrated  remtidy—llctdn/iie  Noiiffer's — but,  per- 
haps, more  of  the  efficacy  was  to  be  attributed  to 
the  active  purgatives  by  which  it  was  followed 
than  to  the  fern.  Dose,  ^ij  to  3;iij  of  the  pow- 
dered solid  part  of  the  root ;  followed  in  the  morn- 
ing by  a  strong  cathartic  of  camboge  or  jalap. 
All  ethereal  extract  has  been  proposed  by  Dr. 
Pesehier,  of  Geneva. 

Polypo'diom  Inca'num,  P.  cetarce'  cinnm, 
Acron'ticliiim  polypodioidea,  Pol' ypody,  Pock 
lirake  :  indigenous;  has  been  considered  demul- 
cent, cathartic  and  anthelmintic. 

Pot.YPODiUM  Incisum,  Asplenium  filix  foemina 
—p.  Molle,  Asplenium  filix  foemina — p.  Pennati- 
fidum,  P.  vulgaro  — p.  Politum,  see  Calagualae 
radix  — p.  Trifidum,  Asplenium  filix  foemina  — p. 
Virginianum,  P.  vulgare  —  p.  Vulgare,  Polypo- 
dium. 

POLYPODY,  Polypodium  incanum — p.  Com- 
mon, Polypodium  vulgare — p.  Male,  Polypodium 
filix  mas. 

POL'YPOID,  Polypo'i'des  ;  from  polypus,  and 
uhoi,  '  form.'  Having  the  shape  of,  or  resembling, 
a  polypus. 

POLYPORUS  IGNIARIUS,  Boletus  igniarius 
— p.  Officinalis,  Boletus  laricis. 

POLlPO'bIA,  jro^vnooia,  from  poly,  and  r-oai?, 
'drink.'  Great  thirst  —  desire  for  drink.  Poly- 
dipsia. 

POL'YPOTOxME,  Polypot'omiw,  Polypus  Jcni/e, 
froui  polypus,  und  TCfivetv,  'to  cut.'  An  instru- 
ment for  the  removal  of  polypus  by  excision. 

POL'YPOUS,  Polypo'siia:  same  etymon  as  the 
next.  Relating,  or  belonging  to,  or  resembling 
polypus. 

POL'YPUS,  Pseudonietamorpho'sis  polypo'sa, 
from  no\vi,  'many,'  and  irovs,  voioi,  'afoot.'  A 
name  given  to  tumours,  which  occur  in  mucous 
membranes  especially  ;  and  which  have  been  com- 
pared to  certain  zoophytes.  Polypi  may  form  on 
every  mucous  membrane.  They  are  most  com- 
monly observed  in  the  nasal  fossa),  pharynx,  and 
uterus;  more  rarely  in  the  stomach,  intestines, 
l>ronchial  tubes,  bladder,  and  meatus  auditorius 
externus.  They  vary  much  in  size,  number, 
mode  of  adhesion,  and  intimate  nature.  Accord- 
ingly, they  have  received  various  appellations; 
wiieoiio,  si>/t,  vesic'ulai;  when  their  substance  has 
been  soft,  spongy,  vesicular,  and,  as  it  were,  gorged 
with  fluid.  Others  have  heen  called  Jiard  ;  and 
these  have  been  distinguished  into  fibrous  or 
fieuliy,  and  into  Kcirrhous  or  cancerous.  Fibrous 
polypi,  Pol'ypi  fihro'si,  /iiopol'ypi,  are  of  a  dense, 
compact  texture,  and  whitish  colour.  They  con- 
tain few  vessels,  and  do  not  degenerate  into  can- 
cer. The  scirrhous  or  cnrciiioiii'titoiis  are  true 
cancerous  tumours,  painful  and  bleeding.  They 
present  all  the  patli(dogical  changes  which  belong 
to  cancerous  affections,  and  the  prognosis  is  of 
course  unfavourable. 


The  mode  of  treating  polypi  must  differ  ac- 
cording to  their  character.  The  means  used  to 
destroy  them  have  been,  \.  To  subject  them  to 
the  action  of  certain  astringent  powders  or  solu- 
tions, to  obtain  their  resolution.  2.  Cauterization 
or  the  application  of  the  actual  cautery  or  caus- 
tics. .3.  Excision  or  ablation  with  a  cutting  in- 
strument. A.  Extirpation  with  the  fingers  or  with 
the  polypus  forceps.  5.  A  liijature,  put  round 
them  so  as  to  prevent  their  nutrition.  A  setun 
has,  also,  been  sometimes  used  to  gradwilly  de- 
stroy the  pedicle. 

The  term  Polypi,  Psendopol'ypi,  Cai-di'fis  po- 
lypo'sa,  Pol'ypifonn  Concre'tions,  {¥.)  Concretions 
polypeuses  ou  polypiforrnes  ou  sanr/uines  du  Cceur, 
HeinocurdioplaKties,  (Piorry,)  has  likewise  been 
applied  to  collections  of  blood — fibrinous  concre- 
tions—  found  in  the  heart  or  great  vessels  after 
dissolution.  These  were  once,  erroneously,  re- 
garded as  morbid.  The  presence  of  these  con- 
cretions maybe  suspected,  when  in  the  course  of 
an  acute  or  chronic  affection  of  the  heart,  or  at 
the  close  of  chronic  diseases  in  general — especially 
those  of  the  lungs  —  the  heart's  action  beconus 
suddenly  tumultuous,  obscure,  and  accompanied 
with  a  soft  bellows'  murmur,  whilst  the  general 
symptoms  indicate  theeS'ects  of  obstructed  circu- 
lation. The  right  cavities  are  most  frequently 
affected. 

Pol'ypus  Bro^icri A'LlR,Bronchlemnii'tis,Bron. 
chi'tis  membrana'cea  seu  exsudati'va  seu  cronpo'. 
sa,  B.  plastic,  Bronchial  Croup,  Chronic  Croup  [?], 
Pseudo-mem' branous  Bronchitis,  (F.)  Bronchite 
pseudo-nicmbraneuse.  A  menibraniform  secretion 
in  the  bronchial  tubes  of  a  diphtheritic  character, 
having  the  shape,  when  unexpectorated,  of  the 
bronchia.  It  is  the  result  of  inflammation  of  the 
lining  membrane  of  those  tubes. 

Polypus  Carnosus,  Sarcoma — p.  Fibrosus,  see 
Polypus  —  p.  Uteri,  Metropolvpus. 

POLYRRIIIZON,  Polvpodium  filix  mas. 

POLYURlIffiA,  Pr.,fluvium. 

POLYSAK'CIA,  Polysarco'sis,  from  poh/,  and 
aap^,  aapKOi,  'flesh.'  Carnos'itas,  Polysoina'tia, 
Adelipa'ria,  Corpulen'tia,  Sleati'tes.  Excessive 
corpulency.  Authors  have  distinguished  two 
varieties  of  this:  — PoLYSAnciA  Cauno'sa,  Cor'- 
pulency,  and  P.  AniPo'sA,  Polypio'nia,  Polypio'- 
sis,  Piinelu'sis  nim'ia,  Pachys'nins,  Pachyn'sis, 
Obes'itas,  Hyperpim'ele,  Lipa'rici,  Adipo'sis, 
Polysnr'cia  fagiuo'sa,  Evipyme'lium  polysar'- 
cia,  Bnryso'mia,  Barysoiual'ica,  Lipo'sis,  Li- 
par'otes,  Lipas'ma,  J'in(/nitu'do,  J'iu'yuitudc, 
Obes'ity,  (F.)  Obenite,  Embonpoint  excessif.  A 
severe  regimen  and  exercise  are  the  best  preven- 
tives. Children  are  occasionally  met  with  of 
unusual  fatness,  in  spite  of  every  care.  This 
morbid  disposition  has  been  termed  Polypio'nia 
infan'tiim,  and  Chloro'sis  gic/ante'a. 

PoLYSAiU'iA  ViscERUM,  Physconia  adiposa. 

POLYSARCOSIS,  Polysarcia. 

POLYSCEL'IA,  from  poly,  and  o/ftAoj,  'a  leg.' 
A  monstrosity,  characterized  by  the  presence  of 
one  or  more  supernumerary  legs. 

POLYSIA'LIA,  from  poly,  and  aiaXov,  'saliva.' 
Excessive  discharge  of  saliva. 

POLYSOMATIA,  Polysarcia. 

POLYSO'MIA,  from  poly,  and  <n,>ixa,  'bodv.' 
A  monstrosity  characterized  by  the  existence  of 
more  bodies  than  one. 

POLYSPAS'TON,  from  poly,  and  ff/rau,  'I 
draw.'  A  powerful  instrument  for  reducing  luxa- 
tions. —  Gorra?u?. 

POLYSPEll'MIA,  from  poly,  and  cTripfxa, 
'sperm.'     Richness  or  fulness  of  sperm. 

POLYSTICUM  CALLIPTERI.^:,  P,.lypodium 
filix  mas— p.  Filix  Mas,  Polvpodium  fili.x  mas. 

POLYSTOMA  PINGUICOLA,  see  Worms  — 
p.  Yenarum,  see  Worms. 


POLYTRIC 


744 


rOPLITEAD 


POLYTRIC,  Aspleniuin  trichomanoides. 

POLYTRICHIA,  see  Polytrichus. 

POLYT'RICIIUM,  rrampoly,  and  5pif,  rpi^of. 
'hair,'  P.  vnlga're,  Polijt' ricon,  Adiaii'tiim  nn'- 
reum,  Gdldeii  M<(iden-liair,  (F.)  Perce-mousse. 
Ord.  Miisci.  It  is  possessed  of  astringent  pro- 
perties, and  was  formerly  given  in  diseases  of  the 
lungs,  and  in  calculous  affections. 

PoLYTRicuuM  Commune,  Asplenium  tricho- 
manoides. 

PoLYTUicHUM  Juniperi'num,  Haircap  mom, 
Robbin's  Rye,  common  in  New  England,  is  said 
to  possess  powerful  diuretic  properties. 

POLYT'RICHUS;  same  etymon  as  Poli/tri- 
ehuin.  Very  hairy.  One  that  has  much  hair. 
The  condition  is  termQii  Pulytrich'ia }  although 
tills  term  is,  at  times,  employed  for  the  growth 
of  hair  on  parts  not  usually  having  it. 

POLYTHOPiriA,  from  poly,  and  rpcipui,  'I 
nourish.'     Abundant  or  excessive  nutrition. 

POLYURKSIS,  Diabetes. 

POLYURIA,  Diabetes. 

POLYU'RICUS,  from  poly,  and  ovpov,  'urine.' 
Sauvages  calls — hchu'ria  polyu'rica  —  a  kind  of 
ischuria,  caused  by  accumulation  of  urine  in  the 
bladder. 

POM  A,  Drink  —  p.  Chinensia,  see  Citrus  au- 
rantium. 

POMACEUM,  Cider. 

POMA'TUM,  Pomma' turn,  from  poma,  'apples,' 
which  formerly  entered  into  its  composition.  (F.) 
J'nmmnde,  Li'paro/e,  Stearole.  A  pharmaceutical 
preparation,  employed  only  externally,  which  dif- 
fers but  little  from  an  ointment,  except  in  having 
generally  less  consistence.  It  is  usually  scented 
and  coloured  to  render  it  more  agreeable.  Apples 
formerly  entered  into  the  composition  of  the  po- 
tiiatiim  ;  hence  its  name. 

Common  Pomntnm  is  made  of  lard,  121bs;  stiet, 
41bs  ;  esxoice,  ^vu}. 

Pomatum  ad  Labia  Demulcenda.  Cerate  for 
the  lips  —  p.  Epispasticum  flavum,  Unguentura 
lyttse  raedicatum  aliud  —  p.  Epispasticum  viride, 
Ac,  Unguentura  lyttae  medicatum  —  p.  for  the 
Lips,  Cerate  for  the  lips — p.  Nitricura  seu  oxyge- 
natum,  Unguentum  acidi  nitrosi — p.  Saturni, 
Unguentum  plumbi  superacetatis. 

POMBALEA  IPECACUANHA,  see  Ipecacu- 
anha. 

POMEGRANATE,  Punica  granatum. 

POMILIUS.  see  Nanus. 

POMMADE,  Pomatum — p.  d'Alyon,  Unguen- 
tum acidi  nitrosi — p.  Antipsorique  de  Jasser,  Un- 
guentum sulphuris  corapositum — p.  d' Autenrieth, 
I^nguentum  antimnnii  tartarizati — p.  de  Cyrillo, 
Unguentum  rauriatis  hydrargyri  oxygcnato  me- 
dicatum—  p.  Epinpnsttque  junne,  Unguentum 
lyttae  medicatum  aliud — p.  Epispastique  verte, 
Unguentum  lyttae  raedicatum — p.  de  Garou,  Un- 
guentum epispasticum  de  daphne  gnidio. 

POMMADE  DE  GONDRET,  P.  ammoniacale 
de  Gondret  (F.),  Goiidret's  Coiinlerirrltaiit,  Gon- 
dret'a  ammoniacul  Caustic.  [Liq.  amnion,  p.  ij  ; 
Sevi,  p.  j  ;  01.  amyfjdal.  p.  j  ;  M.)  Used  to  excite 
a  speedy  revulsion  in  cases  of  chronic  affections 
of  the  brain,  incipient  cataract,  amaurosis,  <tc.,  as 
well  as  to  cauterize  the  integuments  deeply. 

The  above  formula,  is  that  of  the  French  Co- 
dex, but,  according  to  M.  Trousseau,  it  is  much 
tno  hard  for  use,  unless  the  weather  is  warm, 
lie  proposes  tioo  formnlcB,  one  for  summer,  the 
other  for  winter.  In  the/«»v»«?r  he  directs  three 
parts  of  lard,  one  of  suet,  and  four  of  liquor  am- 
monia ;  in  the  latter,  equal  parts  of  lard  and 
liquor  ammoniip.  ^ 

POMMADE  POUR  LES  LEVRES,  Cerate 
for  thelips — p.  Ophthalmique  (Regent's.)  Unguen- 
tum  ophthalmicum  —  p.    Oxy<jenee,   Unguentum 


acidi  nitrosi — p.  Stibife,  Unguentum  antinionii 
£artariz;iti. 

POMME,  see  Pyrus  raalus — p.  d'Adam,  Po- 
mum  Adami — ]>.  d' Amour,  Solanum  lycoipcrsicum 
—  p.  £/>ineune.  Datura  stramonium — p.  dc  Mcr- 
vcille,  Momordica  balsamica  —  p.  Mounn(uiie,  Be- 
degar — p.  de  Terre,  Solanum  tuberosum. 

POMMES  HEMORRHOiDALES,  see  Vis- 
cum  album. 

POMMETTE,  see  MaliB  os, 

POMMIER,  Pyrus  malus. 

POMPE  POUR  L'ESTOMAC,  Stomach 
pump. 

P  0  M  P 11 0  L  Y  G  E '  R  0  N,  roji4,o\vyvpov,  from 
rtou(j)o\vyo(i>,  'to  raise  blisters.'  The  name  of  a 
plaster  employed  by  the  ancients.  —  Castelli. 

POMPH'OLYX,"from  7ro//,/,os,  'a  bladder.'  A 
small  vesicle  on  the  skin.  An  eruption  of  bitll(B 
or  blebs,  appearing  without  any  inflammation 
around  them,  and  without  fever.  It  is  the  ^c- 
phlysia  Pompholyx  of  Good.     See  Pemphigus. 

PoMPHOi.YX,  Tutia,  Zinci  oxydum. 

POMPHUS,  Wheal. 

POMPION,  Cnourbita  pepo. 

POMUM  ADA'MI,  Emiueu'tia  thyreoidea,  (F.) 
Pomme  d'Adam,  Adam's  Apple.  The  projection 
formed  by  the  thyroid  cartilage  in  the  neck  —  of 
males  particularlj'.  It  is  so  called  from  a  notion 
that  it  was  caused  by  the  apple  sticking  in  the 
throat  of  our  first  parent. 

PoMUM  AMOUis.Testicl'e — p.  Hierosolymitanum, 
Momordica  balsamina  —  p.  Melongena,  see  Sola- 
num melongena  —  p.  Mirabile,  Momordica  Bal- 
samina—  p.  Spinosum,  Datura  stramonium. 

PONCTION.  Puncturing. 

POND  SHOVEL,  Unisema  deltifolia. 

PONDERA  ET  MENSURiE,  Weights  and 
measures. 

PONDUS,  Pudibilia  —  p.  Pharmaceuticum,  see 
Weights  and  measures. 

P'ONGITIF,  Pungent. 

PONS  CEREBELLI,  Pons  Varolii  —  p.  He- 
patis,  see  Lobulus  anonymus  —  p.  Sylvii,  Quad- 
rigemina  Tubercula  —  p.  Tarini,  Tarini  pons. 

Pons  Varo'lii,  P.  Cerehel'li,  Corpus  ainiuln're, 
Proces'sus  annularis,  Prominen'tia  aniinhi'ris 
cer'ebri,  Eminen'tia  annularis,  Nodus  euccph'ali 
seu  Cer'ebri,  Protuberan'tia  basila'ris.  Protnher- 
an'tiaanntila'ris  WiUis'ii,  Varn'li's  bridtje,  Cer'e- 
bral  protti'berance,  {¥.)  Protuberance  cerehriile  ou 
anuulaire,  Mesenc^phale,  Misoeepliale,  Pout  de 
Varole,  Annular  protuberance.  An  eminence  at 
the  upper  part  of  the  medulla  oblongatii.  first  ilc- 
scribed  by  Varolius.  It  is  formed  by  the  union 
of  the  crura  cerebri  and  crura  cerebelli. 

Pons  Zygomaticus,  Zygomatic  arch. 

PONT  DE  TARIN,'Ta.rm\  pons— ;j.  de  Ya- 
role.  Pons  Varolii. 

PONTE,  see  Parturition — p.  Periodique,  see 
Parturition. 

PONTEDERIA  CORD  ATA, Unisema  deltifolia. 

PONTICUM  ABSINTHIUM,  Artemisia  Pon- 
tica. 

POOK,  Abdomen. 

POPLAR,  AMERICAN,  Liriodendron— p. 
Balm  of  Gilead,  Populus  Candicans  —  p.  Black, 
Populus — p.  Tree,  Liriodendron — p.  Tulip-bear- 
ing. Liriodendron. 

POPLES,  Gare'tiim,  Garretum,  Ignys,  hfnye, 
Su/fra'qn,  Fossa  qenu.  Fossa  poptitfF.'a,  the  Ham, 
Hou<jh',  Hoff,  Hod;  (F.)  Jarret,  from  post,  and 
plico,  'I  fold.'  The  posterior  part  of  the  knee 
joint.  The  ham  forms  what  is  called  the  pop- 
liteal reqion  or  space. 

POPLESY,  Apoplexy. 

POPLITyEUS,  Popliteal  muscle. 

POPLITE,  PoplitiTus  muscle. 

POPLITEAD,  sec  Popliteal  aspect 


rOPLITIC 


7  45 


rORPIIYRY 


PoPLITE'aL,  PoplitcB'uf,  Poplit'ic,  (F.)  Poplite, 
from  piipUs,  '  the  hum.'  That  which  relates  to 
the  ham.     A  name  given  to  various  parts. 

Popliteal  Artkky  —  Puplite.ul  portion  of  the 
crural,  —  (Ch.),  is  really  a  continuation  of  the 
femoral,  which  changes  its  name  on  passing 
tlirough  the  adductor  magnus  muscle.  It  de- 
scends a  little  obliquely  outwards  into  the  hollow 
of  the  ham,  and  extends  from  the  commencement 
of  the  lower  third  of  the  thigh  to  the  end  of  the 
upper  quarter  of  the  leg,  where  it  terminates  by 
dividing  into  the  posterior  tibitil  and  peroneal 
arteries.  In  the  ham,  it  gives  off  the  three  nupe- 
rior  iirllcular  arteries  ;  and,  at  the  top  of  the  leg, 
the  arteries  of  the  gemini  muscles  or  gemiui 
branches,  (F.)  braiichen  Jiimelles,  the  two  inferior 
articular  arteries,  and  the  tibialis  anticn, 

Poi'HTKAL  AsPKCT.  An  aspect  towards  the 
gide  on  which  the  poples  or  ham  is  situated. 
(Biirclay.)  Pxplite'ad  is  used  by  the  same  writer 
ndverbially,  and  signifies  '  towards  the  popliteal 
aspect.' 

Popliteal  Fossa,  Poples. 

Poplite'al  Glands,  Glan'chda  poplitce'ts. 
Lymphatic  glands,  four  in  number,  seated  in  the 
[)()j)liteal  region  or  space. 

Popliteal  Mvi^clk, Poplltfn'us  Ifnscle,  Subpop- 
lilfBiis,  (F. )  Muscle  poplite,  Muscle  Jarretier,  Fe- 
tiioro-popliti-fibial,  (Ch.),  is  seated  in  the  pop- 
liteal region.  It  is  triangular,  long,  flat;  ,and  is 
iiiHerted,  on  the  one  hand,  by  means  of  a  strong 
tendiin,  into  the  tuberosity  at  the  outer  condyle 
of  the  femur,  terminating  below  at  the  upper  part 
of  the  posterior  surface  of  the  tibia.  This  muscle 
bends  the  leg  on  the  thigh,  and,  reciprocally,  the 
iliigh  on  the  leg.  When  the  leg  is  bent,  it  causes 
it  to  turn,  in  rotation,  inwards. 

Popliteal  Nerves.  They  result  from  the 
bifurcation  of  the  sciatic,  and  are  two  in  number, 
viz.  1.  The  external  popliteal,  Peroneal  nerve, 
Jlniuchc peroniere,  (Ch.)  It  is  smaller  than  the 
internal :  turns  to  the  outside  of  the  fibula  at  the 
upper  part  of  the  leg,  and  divides  into  the  tnus- 
cnln-cntaneous  branch,  nerf  pretibio-digital,  (Ch.) 
nnd  the  anterior  tibial,  nerf  prelibio-snuphalanije- 
talre,  (Cli.)  2.  The  inter'nal  poplite'al  nerve, 
/tranche  tibiale  (Ch.),  which  is  larger  than  the 
other,  and  seems  to  be  the  real  continuation  of 
tiie  sciatic  nerve.  It  descends  vertically  into  the 
hollow  of  the  ham  ;  and  passes  beneath  the  apo- 
neurotic arch  of  the  Solaris  muscle,  beyond  which 
it  takes  the  name  tibial  nerve.  It  furnishes 
the  e.vternal  saphena  nerve,  and  a  number  of 
brunches,  that  are  distributed  to  the  posterior 
.muscles  of  the  leg.  It  then  passes  to  the  sole  of 
the  foot  to  be  divided  into  two  branches,  called 
Plantar  nerves. 

Popliteal  Regiox,  Poples  —  p.  Space,  Poples. 

Popliteal  Vein  has  the  same  arrangement  as 
the  artery  behind  which  it  is  situate. 

POPLITIC,  Popliteal. 

POPONAX,  see  Pnstinaca  opoponax. 

POPPV,  CELANDINE,  Stylophorum  diphyl- 
luin  — p.  Corn,  red,  Papaver  rhocas. 

Poppy  Heads,  see  Papaver. 

Poppy,  Horn,  Stylophorum  diphyllum. 

Poppy  JncE,  Meconium  —  p.  Pill,  Opium. 

Poppy,  PuiCKi.y,  Argeinone  IMoxicana  —  p. 
Ppotiinir,  Cucurbaius  Bohen — p.  Thorn,  Arge- 
inone Mexicajia  —  p.  White,  Papaver — p.  White, 
capsule,  see  Papaver. 

POP'ULUS,  P.  nif/ra,  ^ijci'ros,  Achero'is, 
Ptaek  poplar,  (F.)  Penplier,  P.  noir  o\x  franc. 
The  young  hnds,  ocnli  or  rudiments  of  the  leaves, 
vhich  appear  in  the  beginning  of  spring,  were 
formerly  used  in  an  ofliciniil  ointment  —  the  nn- 
ynen'tnm  popnle'nm.  It  was,  also,  reeommended 
in  chronic  affections  of  the  lungs. 

The  bark  of  Pop'ulut   Tremuloi'des,  American 


aspen,  of  P.  Trem'ula  seu  pen'dnln,  European 
a«/>«'//,and  of  PoPULUS  Can'dicans,  Balm  of  G Head 
Poplar,  is  antiperiodic,  and  furnishes  salicin  and 
pojinlin,  in  which  the  properties  probably  reside. 

PopuLUS  Balsamipera,  see  Fagaraoctandra — 
p.  Candicans,  see  Populus — p.  Pendula,  P.  tremula 
— p.  Tacamahaca,  see  Fagara  octandra  —  p.  Tre- 
mula, see  Populus — p.  Tremuloides,  see  Populus. 
PORCELAINE.  Essera,  Urticaria. 
PORCELET,  Hyoscyamus. 

PORCELIA  TRILOBA,  see  Carica  papaya. 

PORCELLIO,  Oniscus. 

PORCELLIIS,  Oniscus. 

PORCULUS,  Oniscus. 

PORCUPINE  DISEASE,  Ichthyosis. 

Porcupine  Men,  Echinoder'mi.  Persons  have 
been  so  called  in  whom  the  cuticle  is  produced  in 
the  form  of  pointed  prolongations,  as  if  it  had 
been  moulded  on  the  papillae,  like  the  shorter  and 
blunter  quills  of  the  porcupine. 

PORCUS,  Vulva. 

PORDE,  Crepitation. 

PORE,  Porus,  In'terstice,  nopof,  'a  passage.' 
Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  the  openings 
at  the  extremities  of  vessels  at  the  surface  of  dif- 
ferent membranes.  Exhalant  Pores  have  been 
supposed  to  exist  in  the  exhalants,  to  transmit 
the  fluids  exhaled.  —  Absorbent  Pores  are  em- 
ployed in  taking  up  parts  that  have  to  enter  the 
circulation.  Pores  exist  in  the  cuticle  ;  yet  Hum- 
boldt, with  a  powerful  magnifying-glass,  was  un- 
able to  observe  them.  The  pores  of  the  skin 
have  also  been  called  spira'cula. 

POREBLIND,  Myopic. 

PORED  MILK.  Colostrum. 

PORI  BILIA'RII,/3(((^(«  bilia'rii  seu  bilif'eri, 
Canalic'uli  bilif'eri,  Snr'culi fell'ei.  Ducts  which 
receive  the  bile  from  the  penicilli  of  the  liver,  and 
convey  it  to  the  hepatic  duct. 

PoRl  Cuta'nei,  p.  E.rhalan'tes  seu  Sndorif'eri 
seu  Resorben'tes,  Mea'tus  cuticula'res.  The  pores 
of  the  skin. 

PoRi  ExHALANTES,  P.  cutanci — p.  Pulmonum, 
Cellules,  bronchic — -p.  Resorbeutes,  P.  cutanei  — 
p.  Sudoriferi,  P.  cutanci. 

POR'SOG'RAVUY,  Pornof/raph'ia  /fromiropvn, 
'  a  prostitute,'  and  yptiipij), '  I  descrilie.'  A  descrip- 
tion of  prostitutes  or  of  prostitution,  as  a  matter 
of  public  hygiene. 

POROCE'LE,  from  irupof,  '  callus,'  and  KriXn, 
'a  tumour.'  A  hard  tumour  of  the  testicle  or  its 
envelopes. 

POROMA,  Induration. 

POROMPIIALOCELE,  Poromphalon. 

POROM'PHALON,  Poromph'alus,  Porompha- 
loce'le,  from  zwpoi,  '  hard,'  and  ofi(paXos,  '  the 
navel.'  Umbilical  hernia  with  hard  and  thick- 
ened parietes. 

POROS,  Canal. 

POROSIS,  Chalaza,  Induration. 

POROT'IC,  Porot'icns,  (F.)  Porotiqne,  from 
TTojpos,  '  callus.'  A  remedy  believed  to  be  capable 
of  assisting  the  formation  of  callus. 

PORPHYRA,  Purpura  —  p.  Graecorum,  Pe- 
techia—  p.  IIjBiuorrhagica,  Purpura  haemorrha- 
gica — p.  Laciniata,  Ulva  umbilicalis-— p.  Umbili- 
calis,  Ulva  umbilicalis. 

PORPHYRISMA,  Scarlatina. 

PORPHYRISMUS,  Scarlatina. 

PORPHYRIZATION,  Levigation. 

PORPHYROTYPIIUS,  see  Typhus. 

POR  PHYRU'RIA,  Porphi/u'rin  ;  from  7ro/)</.i./)a, 
'purple,'  and  ovpov, '  urine.'  A  state  of  the  urine 
—  pnr'pnric  urine  —  in  which  it  deposits  the  re- 
markable colouring  matter — Pnr'purine,  L'rro'- 
sacine,  Rosac'ic  acid,  Uroer'ythrin,  Uro'rhodine, 
Ur'rhodine  —  in  association  with  urate  of  am- 
monia. 

POR'PIIYRY,  Porjjht/ri'tes,  from  jtupfvpaf 


rORPnYURIA 


46 


PORTA 


'purple'  A  species  of  very  hard,  compouml 
rnok,  susceptible  of  considerable  polish,  and  used 
in  the  fabrication  of  mortars  and  slabs  for  the 
apothecar}'. 

PoKpnvRy,  Black,  Ophites. 

PORPHVURIA,  Porphyruria. 

J' OR  RACE.  Porraceous. 
.  PORRA'CEOUS,  Porra'ceus,  Pi-a'sinua,  from 
jiDn-um,  'a  leek.'  (F.)  Porrace.  Having  the 
j;reen  colour  of  the  leek.  An  epithet  given  to 
iiTt.iin  excreted  matters, — the  sputa,  bile  and 
foLces  particularly. 

rORREAU,  Allium  porrum. 

PORRECTUM,  Lever. 

PORRBT,  Allium  porrum. 

PORRIDGE.  ATIIOL.  see  Mahogany. 

PORRfGfyE,  Porrigo  favosa. 

PORRIGINEUX,  Porriginous. 

PORRIGIXOSUS,  Porriginous. 

PORRIG'TNOUS,  Porriyhw'sus,  (F.)  Porri- 
gineiix.     Appertaining  to  porrigo. 

PORRI'GO  (L.),  'scurf  or  scall  in  the  head.' 
Tiii'en,  Faviin,  Far/ura'tio,  Fur'fures,  Ecpye'sis 
sen  Ph!yni8  porvii/o,  Trickono'nh,  Scnlled  head 
in  general,  Scallard ;  from  porrigere,  '  to  spread.' 
(F.)  Teiyiie,  Rnche.  Some  of  the  varieties  are 
contagious.  It  is  principally  characterized  by  an 
eruption  of  the  pustules,  called  favi  and  achores, 
unaccompanied  by  fever. 

PoRRiGO  Co-NFERTA,  P.  scutulata. 

PoitlUGO  Dkcal'vans,  Tricho'ais  a'rea.  Area, 
Alope'cia  area'ta  seu  partia'Us  seu  circumscrip'ta, 
P/ii/toalope'cin,  Triclioiio'si's  fnrfnra'cea,  Tyr'ia, 
Tyro' ma,  Ophl'nsis,  Tiii'ea  tondens,  Herpenn  ton- 
Kii' rails,  Sqnarra  tondeiin.  Limited  or  partial  liald- 
iienK,  consists  of  patches  of  baldness  without 
(lec:iy  or  change  of  colour  in  the  surrounding 
liair,  the  exposed  parts  of  the  scalp  being  glab- 
rous, white,  .and  shining.  The  morbid  condition 
sometimes  spreads,  so  that  the  patches  coalesce, 
rendering  the  baldness  extensive.  To  a  vege- 
table growth,  found  at  the  roots  of  the  hair 
in  Tinea  tondens,  Gruby  gives  the  name  ifinros'- 
piiraii  Audoiii'ni.  It  is,  also,  called  Tricoph'yton 
seu  Trichom'yces  tonmi' raiis.  The  treatment  con- 
sists in  keeping  the  scalp  cleared  by  constant 
shaving,  and  in  the  steady  application  of  some 
stimulating  liniment  or  ointment. 

PoRUlGO  Favo'sa,  Ce'rioH,  FaVHS,  Ecpye'sis 
porrigo  favona.  Tinea  favosa,  Sca'bies  cap'itin 
favona,  Melice'ra.  Melice'rnm,  Melice'ria,  Mel- 
lifa'vium,  Porric/npJi'yta,  Honey-comb  Srall  or 
Tetter,  (F.)  Teigne  faveiise,  Porriijine.  This  Con- 
sists in  an  eruption  of  pustules  common  to  the 
head,  trunk,  and  extremities,  pea-sized,  flattened 
at  the  top,  in  clusters,  often  uniting;  discharge, 
fetid;  scabs,  honey-combed;  the  cells  filled  with 
fluid.  It  occurs  both  in  early  and  adult  life. 
Modern  researches  have  satisfied  some  observers, 
that  the  crusts  of  favus  are  of  vegetable  nature, 
and  formed  of  a  parasitic  plant,  belonging,  ac- 
cording to  Gruby,  to  the  obsolete  genus  inyco- 
derm'a.  MM.  J.  Miiller  and  Lebert  refer  it  to 
the  genus  O'idium,  and  call  it  O'id'inm  Sch'dnlei'ni, 
■whilst  Remak  assigns  it  to  a  new  genus  under  the 
name  Aehorion  Schon/einii,  The  point  is  not, 
however,  settled.  The  treatment  of  this  variety 
must  consist  in  the  exhibition  of  laxatives  and 
the  mildest  stimulating  ointments,  such  as  the 
Uiiff.  zinci,  Uiig.  Jiydrargyri  prcBcipitat.  alb.,  &c. 
Eczema  of  the  hairy  scalp  is  often  confounded 
■with  Porrigo. 

Porrigo  Fur'furavs,  Enpyeais  porrigo  fiir- 
fnra'cea,  Tinea  seu  Trielio'niH  fnrfnracea  seu 
porritjino'sa,  Pityri'asif,  Teiyne  fitrfiiracee  (Ali- 
bert).  commences  with  an  eruption  of  smiill  acho- 
res, the  fluid  of  which  soon  concretes  and  sepa- 
rates in  innumerable  thin,  laminated  scabs,  or 
scale-like  exfoliations.     It  is  attended  with  a  good 


deal  of  itching  and  some  soreness  of  the  sculp,  to 
which  the  disease  is  confined.  It  occurs  cliielly 
in  ailults.  In  the  treatment,  the  scalp  must  bo 
kept  shaved.  The  part  must  be  washed  re- 
peatedly with  soap  and  water,  and  an  oiled  silk 
cap  worn.  The  nature  of  the  ointments  used 
must  vary  according  to  the  period  of  disease  and 
the  irritability  of  the  part  atfected.  Zinc  oint- 
mcnt  ;  —  one  made  with  the  Cocciiliia  indicim  ;  — 
the  Sulphur  ointment ;  —  Cit-iiie  ointment;  Uikj. 
hydrargyri  nitrico-o.cydi ;  Tar  ointment,  and 
Nitric  acid  ointment  have  all  been  found  useful. 
Should  inflammation  or  discharge  arise,  those 
applications  must  of  course  be  intermitted. 

Porrigo  Larvalis,  P.  lupinosa. 

Porrigo  Larva'lis,  Cnmta  lac'fea,  Ecpye'sit 
Porrigo  crnsta'cea,  Jfcnti'go,  Ac/ior,  Tin'ea  lar'- 
tea  seu  Fa'ciei,  Lactn'men,  Laeti'go,  Milhy  scull 
or  Tetter,  Milkblotch,  (F.)  Croiite  de  luit  on  lait- 
eiise,  Fenx  volages.  La  Graine.  This  is,  almost 
exclusively,  a  disease  of  infancy.  It  commDiily 
appears  first  on  the  forehead  and  cheeks,  in  an 
eruption  of  numerous,  minute,  whitish  achores  on 
a  red  surfiice.  These  break  and  dischiirge  a  viscid 
fluid,  which  becomes  incrusted  in  thin,  yellowish, 
or  greenish  scabs.  The  patches  spread,  until  the 
whole  face  becomes,  as  it  were,  envelopeii  in  a 
mask  ;  hence  the  epithet  lurralis.  The  dise;isc 
is  rather  a  variety  of  Eczema.  Sometimes  the 
eruption  appears  on  the  neck  and  breast:  and, 
occasionally,  on  the  extremities.  In  general,  the 
health  of  the  child  does  not  suffer,  but  the  erup- 
tion is  always  attended  with  much  itching  and 
irritation.  The  treatment  consists  in  mild,  tejiid 
ablution,  and  the  application  of  gently  stimu- 
lating ointments,  as  the  oxydum  zinci.  Ttie 
bowels  must  be  kept  in  a  soluble  state  by  small 
doses  of  calomel,  or  by  rhubarb  and  magnesia. 

Porrigo  Lupino'sa,  Tin'ea  Inpi'na,  Farim 
disper'ans.  Scabies  cap'itia,  Ecpye'sis  porrigo  In- 
pinn'sa,  Porri'go  larva'lis,  Impeti'go  fignra'tn, 
Tin'ea  granida'ta  seu  miico'sa,  Cniata  luctea  (of 
some),  ^fent'agra  infiin'tnm,  (F.)  Tei(jne,  Dartre 
criintaeee  flavescente,  Favus  dissemine,  consists  of 
minute  pustules  in  small  patches,  mostly  com- 
mencing on  the  scalp;  the  patches  terminate  in 
dry,  delving  scabs,  resembling  lupine  seeds  ;  the 
interstices  often  covered  with  a  thin,  whitish  and 
exfoliating  incrustation.  It  occurs  chiefly  in 
early  life,  and  requires  the  same  treatment  as  the 
last. 

Porrigo  Scdtula'ta,  P.  confer'ta,  Tin'ea  gra- 
nida'ta seu  fico'sa,  Ecpye'sis  porrigo  galea' tn, 
Aclio'res  seu  Sca'bies  cap'itis,  Farus  con/er'tiis, 
Jlingioorm  of  the  Scalp,  ScaUed  head,  (F.)  Tcigne* 
anniilaire,  T.  en  anneaii,  T.  nnmmulaire,  Favus 
en  groupes.  It  commences  with  clusters  of  small, 
light,  yellow  pustules,  which  soon  scab  off;  and, 
if  neglected,  become  hard  by  accumulation.  If 
the  scabs  be  removed,  the  surface  is  loft  red  and 
shining,  but  studded  with  slightly  elevated  points. 
If  not  attended  to,  it  involves  the  whole  head. 
It  occurs  in  children  three  or  four  years  of  age, 
and  is  very  unmanageable.  The  rules  laid  down 
under  Porrigo  fur/nrana  must  be  here  still  more 
perseveringly  enforced.  The  whole  tribe  of  stim- 
ulating ointments  may  be  used  in  succession. 
No  one  will  always  succeed,  and  hence  the  ne- 
cessity of  change,  provided  advantage  should  not 
seem  to  follow  any  particular  application.  The 
Unrjiientum  ad  Scabiem  of  Banyer  sometimes 
I  cures,  when  others  fail. 

I  PORRKJOPH'YTA,  Porrigo  favosa.  Porri- 
gophyte  means  the  plant  of  favus  or  of  porrigo 
favosa. 

PORRILLON,  Narcissus  pseudonarcissus. 

PORRUM,  Allium  porrum,  Thymion. 

PORRUS,  Sarcoma,  Thvmion. 

PORTA,  nvXij,  Pyle,  (F.)  Porte,  '  a  gate.'   The 


PORTAL 


747 


POSSESSED 


part  of  the  liver  or  other  organ— 7(,7»«— where  its 
ve«sels  enter  as  by  a  gate.  See  Liver.  Also,  the 
Vulva. 

Porta    IlKPArrs,  see   Liver  — p.  Jecoris,   see 
Liver  — p.  Lienis,  see  Spleen. 

Porta  Vicna,  Vena  poricB,  V.  porfa'ntm  seu 
ad  port.,,  seu  po,U,'li„  seu  ma,,„a  seu  q„ai  <td 
portiw  ent  seu  xtetechim'a  seu  lac'teu  seu  ostin'ria 
seu  (irterio'Ha  seu  arterin'Un,  Rama'lU  vena.  Jun'- 
Mnx,  Miini,H.hc'nriH  seu  he'puth,  17'»a  ad portas 
The  Siixtem  <,/ the  vena  porta  or  tlie  Alnh„i,' Inul 
veiionn  HyHtem  or  Porta/  ni/Htem,  (F.)  Veine  porte, 
Forte  veine,  is  a  vascular  apparatus  of  black 
blood,  situate  in  the  abdomen,  and  resulting  from 
.  two  distinct  orders  of  vessels,  united  into  one 
common  trunk.  ].  One  of  these  trunks,  much 
more  extensive  than  the  other,  has  received  the 
Diune  Venn  port,,  aUiomiiia'lix,  heoaui^ii  it  arises 
from  all  the  organs  enclosed  in  the  cavity  of  the 
abdomen,  except  the  kidneys  and  bladder; and 
in  the  female,  the  uterus.  The  AMoiuinal  ve„', 
porta  has  two  principal  roots,  the  Hj>/,-i,ic  vein 
and  the  superior  mesenteric,  which  have  their 
ramifications  in  all  the  digestive  organs.  2.  The 
other  trunk,  destined  solely  to  tlie  liver,  has 
been  called  the  Hepat'ie  renn  porta.  It  appears 
to  be  a  continuation  of  the  abdominal  vena  porta, 
and  proceeds  towards  the  inferior  surface  of  the 
liver.  Opposite  the  transverse  fissure  of  that 
organ,  it  divides,  like  an  artery,  into  two  branches, 
which,  by  their  union,  seem  to  form  a  canal  or 
duct,  called  by  some  the  Sinus  of  the  vena  porta, 
or  of  the  portal  vein.  These  branches  are  distri- 
biiled  in  the  substance  of  the  liver,  whither  they 
are  accompanied  by  a  prolongation  of  the  fibrous 
capsule  of  that  organ,  —  the  capsule  of  Glisson 
The  different  branches  of  the  vena  porta  are  de- 
void of  valves.     See  Liver. 

PORTAL,  from  j^rta,  'a  gate.'  Relating  to 
the  porta  of  the  liver,  — as  thti  jwrta/  system,  or 
system  of  the  vena  porta.  By  extension,  the 
terra  has  been  applied  to  an  analogous  system  of 
vessels  in  the  kidney.     See  Kidney. 

Portal  Fissork,  see  Liver  —  p.  Fossa,  see 
Liver— p.  System,  see  Porta  Vena— p.  System  of 
the  Kidney,  see  Kidney— p.  Vein,  Porta  Vena— 
p.  Vein.s  of  the  Kidney,  see  Kidney. 

PORTE-ATGUILLE,  Aeutenac'nlum,  Needle- 
earner.  Needle-hearer,  from  {¥.)  porter,  'to  car- 
ry,' and  aiguille,  'a  needle.'  An  instrument  for 
accurately  laying  hold  of  a  needle,  and  giving  it 
greater  length,  when  it  is  so  fine  and  small  that 
it  cannot  be  held  by  the  fingers.  It  is  of  steel  or 
silver,  about  two  inches  long,  and  throughout  the 
'  whole,  almost,  of  its  length,  divided  into  two 
branches,  so  as  to  form  a  kind  of  forceps,  capable 
of  being  closed  by  means  of  a  sliding  ring.  A 
modification  of  this  instrument  was  devised  by 
Dr.  Physick  for  taking  up  deep-seated  arteries 
beyond  the  reach  of  a  tenaculum  or  common 
needle.  It  consists  of  a  forceps  so  constructed 
as  to  hold  in  its  extremity  a  needle  armed  with 
a  ligature.  The  handles  of  the  forceps  are  fas- 
tened together,  temporarily,'by  a  spring  or  catch  ; 
and,  when  the  needle  is  fairly  deposited  beneath 
the  vessel,  it  is  disengaged  from  the  forceps  and 
drawn  out,  leaving  the  ligature  behind,  which 
can  be  tied  without  difficulty. 

PORTE -BOUGIE  (F.).  A  silver  canula 
similar  to  that  of  a  trochar,  except  that  it  is 
longer.  It  is  used  for  conducting  bougies  into 
the  urethra. 

POR  TE  -  CA  USTIQ  VE,  Porte-pierre  —  p. 
Fenille,  Subscapularis. 

POUTE-LAQ.    An    instrument   for   carrying  i 
the  hi(|  or  fillet  over  the  limb  of  the  foetus  whilst 
in  ulero,  when  turning  is  necessary. 
PORTE-LIGATUHE,  from  porter,  'to  carry,'  I 


and  liijatiire.     An    instrument   for   conveying  a 
ligature  to  deep-seated  parts. 

POR  TE-M£:CIIE[F.),  from  porter,  '  to  carry,' 
and  miche,  '  a  tent.'  An  instrument  for  carrying 
tents  or  meches  deeply  into  fistulous  openings,  or 
sinuses,  to  the  bottom  of  ulcers,  Ac.  It  is  ifwire 
of  silver  or  steel,  four  or  five  inches  long,  bavin-' 
a  notch  at  one  extremity,  and  a  button  at  the 
,  other. 

!       PORTE-MOXA  (F.).     A    small    instrument 
for  keeping  the  moxa  applied  to  a  part  to  be  cau- 
terized.   It  consists  of  a  metallic  ring — separated 
[  from  the  skin  by  three  supports  of  ebony  —  to 
which  a  handle  is  adapted. 

PORTE-NCEUD  (F.),  from  porter,  '  to  carry,' 
and  ncrud,  'a  knot.'  An  instrument  for  carrying 
a  ligature  round  the  base  or  pedicle  of  a  tumour" 
P0RTE-P1ERRE(F.),  Porte-eaustique,  Cans- 
tie  bearer.  An  instrument  similar  to  a  jjorfe- 
crayon  for  carrying  lunar  caustic. 

PORTE.SONDE  (F.).  An  instrument  resem- 
bling a  porte-crayon,  employed  for  holding  the 
style  or  sonde,  and  inserting  it  more  readily  into 
the  nasal  duct,  during  the  operation  for  fistula 
lacryinalis. 

PORTE  VEINE,  Porta  vena. 
PORTENTUM,  Monster. 
PORTER,  Cerevisia. 

PORTIO  DURA,  Facial  nerve -p.  Inter  du- 
ram  et  mollem,  Portio  AVrisbergii— p.  Intermedia 
A\nsbergii,  Portio  AVrisbergii  —  p.  Media  inter 
portionem  duram  et  portionem  mollem,  Portio 
\A  risbergii. 

Portio  Mollis,  Auditory  nerve. 
PoR'Tio  Wrisbrr'gii,  P.interme'dia  Wrisher'. 
gn  seu  media  inter  portionem  duram  et  portionem 
mollem  seu  inter  duram  et  mollem,  (F.j  Eai»cean 
intermediare  de  Wrisbeix/,  Intermediaire  de  Wris- 
berg.  A  small,  white  fasciculus,  intermediate 
between  the  portio  mollis  and  portio  dura  of  the 
seventh  pair  of  nerves,  which  was  first  described 
by  AVrisberg.  The  Chorda  Tympani  is  supposed 
by  some  to  emanate  from  this  nerve. 

PORT/ON  COSTO-TRACIIEL/ENNE  DU 
SACR0-8PINAL,  Longissimus  dorsi— ;j.  Eeuil- 
lenx  ou  squamcu.r  du  temporal.  Squamous  portion 
of  the  temporal  —  p.  Lombaire  du  pAexus  crural, 
Lumbar  plexus. 

PORTION  GODRONNE  DE  LA  CORNE 
D'AMJION.  A  name  given  by  Vicq  d'Azyr  to 
a  small,  denticulated  cord,  of  a  compact  t'issue 
and  granular  appearance,  which  unites  the  eornu 
ammonis  to  the  [laries  of  the  lateral  ventricle. 
PORTONARIUM,  Pylorus,  Duodenum. 
PORTULA'CA,  P.olera'cen,  Andraeh'ne,  Al'- 
linm  Gal'licum,  Purslane,  (F.)  Ponrpier  cultive. 
This  plant  abounds  with  a  watery  and  somewhat 
acid  juice  ;  and  is  often  put  into  soups  or  pickled 
with  spices.  It  is  regarded  as  antiseptic  and 
aperient. 

PORUS,  Callus,  Meatus — p.  Acusticus,  Audi- 
tory canal,  internal. 

PoRUS  Op'Ticns.  An  opening  in  the  centre 
of  the  cribriform  lamella  of  the  sclerotic,  tlirouirh 
which  the  central  artery  of  the  retina  enters  the 
eyeball. 

POSCA,  Oxvcrate. 
POSE,  Coryza. 
POSLMOS,  Potable. 
POSITION.  FALSE,  False  position. 
POSOL'OCiY,    Posolog"ia,    Dosiolog" ia,   from 
TToerof,  '  quantity,' and  Aoyof,  ♦  adiscourse.'  Indica- 
tion of  the  doses  in  which  the  different  articles  of  the 
materia  medica  ought  to  be  exhibited.  (F.)  Vosage 

POSOQUERIA  DUMETORUM,  Randia  Du- 
metorum. 

POSSEDE.  Possessed. 

POSSESS'ED,  DcBmoni'acus,  {F.)PossMe.   One 


POSSET 


48 


POTASSA,    ACETATE   OF 


aCTected  with  epilepsy,  or  other  strange  neurotic 
a-Iectinn,  was  formerly  supposed  to  be  '  pos- 
sessed'  by  a  demon.  Hence,  exorcism  and  va- 
viiius  religious  ceremonies,  at  one  time  employed 
to  drive  off  the  intruder. 

POSSET,  Posse'tum,  from  (L.)  posca,  'sour 
wine  and  water'  [?].  Milk  curdled  with  wine,  or 
!iny  iicid,  or  treacle.  A  preparation  of  beer  and 
iiiilk  ;  Zi/thi>g'aUt. 

{'ossKT,  Sack,  see  Sack — p.  Sago,  see  Sago. 

POSSETTIN(},  Regurgitation  (of  Infants). 

POSTBRACIIIALE,  Metacarpus. 

POSTCAKPIUM,  Metacarpus. 

POSTE'RIOR  ANNULA'RIS.  An  external, 
intcrdsseous  muscle,  whieli  arises  from  the  eorre- 
j ponding  sides  of  the  metacarpal  bones  of  the 
ring-finger  and  little  finger,  and  is  inserted  into 
tlie  inside  of  tbe  tendon  on  the  back  of  the  ring- 
finger.  Its  use  is  to  draw  the  ring-finger  in- 
wards. 

Posterior  Aunis,  Retrahens  auris. 

PosTBiiiOFi  In'dicis  ManCs.  An  internal,  in- 
terosseous muscle,  which  arises  from  the  inner  or 
ulnar  side  of  the  metacarpal  bone  of  the  fore- 
finger, and  is  inserted  into  the  inside  of  the  ten- 
don on  the  back  of  the  fore-finger.  Its  use  is  to 
draw  the  fore-finger  inwards. 

PosTEr.ioR  Indicis  Pedis,  Ahdiic'tor  Indicis 
J'ikIi'h.  An  external,  interosseous  muscle,  which 
arises  from  the  contiguous  sides  of  the  metatarsal 
bones  of  the  fore-toe,  and  second  of  the  small 
toes,  and  is  inserted  into  the  outside  of  the  root 
of  the  first  bone  of  the  fore-toe.  Its  use  is  to  pull 
the  fore-toe  outwards. 

Posterior  Me'dii  Dig"iti  Manus.  An  exter- 
ral,  interosseous  muscle,  which  arises  from  the 
corresponding  sides  of  the  metacarpal  bones  of 
the  middle  and  ring-fingers  ;  and  is  inserted  into 
the  inside  of  tbe  tendon  on  the  back  of  the  mid- 
dle finger.  Its  use  is  to  draw  the  middle  finger 
inwards. 

Posterior  Mrdii  Dig"iti  Pepis.  Abductor 
viedil  dii/iti  pedis.  An  external,  interosseous 
muscle,  which  originates  from  the  contiguous 
sides  of  the  metatarsal  bones  of  the  second  and 
third  of  the  small  toes,  and  is  inserted  into  the 
outside  of  the  root  of  the  first  bone  of  the  second 
of  tbe  small  toes.  Its  use  is  to  pull  the  toe  out- 
wards. 

PoSTEHIOR  Ter'tii  Dig"itI,  Adduc'tor  tcrtii 
dhjiti.  An  external,  interosseous  muscle,  which 
arises  from  the  contiguous  sides  of  the  metatarsal 
bones  of  the  third  and  fourth  of  the  small  toes, 
and  is  inserted  into  the  outside  of  the  root  of  the 
first  bone  of  the  third  of  the  small  toes.  Its  use 
is  to  pull  the  toe  outwards. 

POSTHE.  Penis,  Prepuce. 

POSTHET'OMIST,  Posthet'omus,  from  jro<r5.?, 
'prepuce,'  and  rofi??,  '  incision.'  One  who  per- 
forms tbe  operation  of  circumcision. 

POSTHETOMY,  Circumcision. 

POSTHIA.  Hordeolum. 

POSTHIOPLAS'TIC,  Posthioplas'ticni,  from 
Toa^n.  'the  prepuce,'  and  vXaaao),  '1  form.'  An 
epithet  applied  to  the  operation  for  restoring  the 
prepuce. 

POSTHI'TIS,  Acrohi/sti'tis,  Acmpnalhi'ti's, 
from  TToaSn,  'the  prepuce,  the  penis.'  and  {tin,  the 
termination  for  inflammation.  Inflammation  of 
tlie  prepuce. 

POSTHIUM,  Prepuce. 

POSTHON'CUS,  from  roa^v,  'the  prepuce  or 
penis,'  and  oyKo(;,  '  a  tumour.'  Swelling  of  the 
prepuce  or  penis. 

POSTHOPLAS'TICA,  from  to<75.7, 'prepuce,' 
and  irXaartKos,  '  formative.'  The  art  of  making  a 
new  prepuce. 

POST'HUxMOUS,  from  post,  'after,'  and  humus, 
'  the  ground.'     Occurring  after  death. 


PosTHtiMOUS  Child.  One  born  after  the  death 
of  its  father,  or  taken  froui  the  dead  body  of  its 
mother,  as  by  the  Ca>sarean  section. 

POSTIME,  Abscess. 

POST-MORTEM.  'After  death  ;'  as  '  a  post 
mortem  or  necroscoj)ic  examination.' 

POST-NATUS.  'Born  after.'  In  the  old  law 
writers,  the  second  son. 

POST-PARTUM.  'After  delivery.'  As '/>o«< 
partnin  hemorrhage.' 

POSTPOSIT"IO,  (post,  'after,'  and  pnnere, 
positiim,  'to  place,')  'a  postponement.'  Belay 
in  the  return  of  a  paroxysm.  It  is  opposed  to 
anticipntio,  which  means  the  return  of  a  parox- 
ysm earlier  than  its  accustomed  hour. 

In  this  sense,  we  speak  of  an  <nili(ip<ttinf/,nnd 
a pnstpi»n'ti()  (Fehris  hysterct'ica)  intermittent. 

POSTREMA,  Uterus. 

PO'TABLE,  Pntah'iUs,  from  pntnre,'{n  drink.' 
Pot'imns,  Polos,  Pos'itiios,  'drinkable.'  Water  is 
said  to  be  potable,  when  it  contains  atmosiihcric 
air ;  is  not  brackish  ;  and  has  no  mineral  impreg- 
nation of  consequence. 

POTASH.  So  called  from  the  pots  or  vessels 
in  which  it  was  made; — Veyetable  alkali,  Gastri- 
num.     Also,  Potass. 

PoTAsn  or  Commerce,  Potassa  impu'ra,  Im- 
pure jwtassn,  Alu'mtn  cdti'iium,  Cin'eres  Jius'sici, 
Suhcnr'homis  potas'sfB  impn'rus,  Potits'sm  cnr'ho- 
ii(ts  impnrus,  Lix'irns  cinis,  the  Penrhish  of 
commerce,  is  prepared  from  the  ashes  of  land- 
plants  by  calcination,  solution  in  water,  filtration, 
and  evaporation.  It  usually  consists  of  siibcnr- 
bonate  of  potassa,  sulphate  of  potassa,  chloride 
of  potassium,  silex,  oxide  of  iron,  Ac. 

From  the  ashes  of  lees  of  wine,  and  from  vine- 
twigs,  a  much  purer  alkali  is  obtained.  It  is 
called  Cinis  infccto'rius  sou  fmcum,  Cin'eres  eln- 
vclla'ti  seu  grnrella'ti,  Alu'men  fcBcum,  (F.)  Ce»- 
dres  gravelees  ou  de  srirmeut. 

Another  variety  of  the  alkali  is  afforded  by 
burning  argol  in  a  crucible  ;  afterwards  powder- 
ing and  calcining  it,  till  it  is  nearly  white;  then 
dissolving  in  water,  filtering,  and  evaporating.  It 
is  called  Snlt  of  Tartar,  Sal  Tar'tari,  Kali  pr<c- 
piuru'tiim  e  tar'taro,  K.  e  tartaro,  Snbcar'b'ii>aa 
potassa:  puris'simus,  Potris'sce  subear'boniis  e  tar'- 
taro. Lastly,  when  wormwood  is  burnt  to  ashes, 
dissolved  in  water,  filtered,  and  evajtorated  to 
dryness,  it  affords  another  variety  of  vegetable 
alkali,  the  Sal  absin'thii  or  Salt  of  iconnwood. 

Impure  potash  is  used  for  preparing  the  sub- 
carbonate  for  medical  use. 

POTASS,  Potassa  fusa,  Potash.  The  protoxide 
of  potassium. 

POTASSA,  ACETATE  OF,  Potassse  aoetns  — 
p.  Bichromate  of,  Potassae  bichromas  —  p.  Bisul- 
phate  of,  Potassae  supcrsulphas — p.  Bitartratc  of, 
Potassse  supertartras  —  p.  Carbonate  of,  Potassae 
carbonas — p.  Carbonate  of,  pure,  see  Pot.nssae 
subcarbonas — p.  Caustica  cum  calce,  Potassa  cum 
ealce — p.  Chlorate  of,  Potassse  murias  byperoxy- 
genatus  —  p.  Chromate  of,  Pot;;ssaD  chronias  — p. 
Chromate  of.  neutral,  Potassse  chromas — p.  Chro- 
mate of,  yellow,  Potassae  chromas. 

PoTAS'SA  CUM  Calce,  P.  ope  calcis  para'ta  et 
igue  fusa,  Potassa  caust'ica  cum  calce.  Potass  with 
lime.  Calx  cum  kali  piiro,  Caus'ticum  cnuimu'ue 
for'tius,  Lapis  inferna'lis  sive  sep'liriis.  Kali 
caus'ticum  cum  calce,  Lapis  caus'ticus,  (F.)  Potasse 
pr^parf.e  arec  la  chaux,  P.  d  In  Chaiix,  Pierre  a 
cautere.  (Potassa,  Calcis  aa  .^j.  Rub  together, 
and  keep  in  a  well-stopped  bottle. — Ph.  U.  S.) 
Used  for  the  same  purposes  as  the  next,  but  more 
manageable;  being  less  deliquescent. 

Potassa,  Euciiloratr  of,  Potassse  murias 
hyperoxygenatus  —  p.  Ferrocyanate  of,  Potassii 
ferrocyanuretum  —  p.  Ferroprussiate  of,  PotassJB 
cyanuretum. 


POTASS.E  ACETAS 


749 


POTASSiE 


POTARSA  FlTSA,  Potaasa,  Kull  cniiii'lidim  seu 
puriim,  Fined  putaag,  Al'hali  verjetnh'ile  fixum 
caita'ticum,  CiiuH'ticum  commit'iie  acer'rimum,  C. 
alkali'tium  scu  commu'iie  scu  potentia'le  seuSidi'- 
nnni,  ffi/ilr<ii>  ka'dciim,  //.  polrm'ecB  puree  fuscB, 
PotiiHxfK  lii/drim,  Lfipin  cdiiu'liciiH  scu  criimtictis 
chiniriji)' rum  seu  iii/e-riia'lis  alcitli'tiuH  seu  eep'ti- 
cua,  Uiipto'rinm  commu'iie,  Fixed  t'eg"etuble  alkali, 
Hydrate  of  Potii8na,  (F.)  Potasse  canstiqiie. 
(Prepared  by  evaporating  solution  of  potass  to 
dryness  in  an  iron  vessel.)  This  preparation  is 
generally  run  into  cylindrical  moulds, covered  with 
paper,  and  kept  in  well-corked  vessels.  It  is 
powerfully  cscharotic,  and  is  used  for  forming 
issues,  curing  strictures,  &e. 

PoTASSA,  FusKD,  Potassa  fusa — p.  Hydriodate 
of,  Potassee  hydriodas  —  p.  Ilydroliromate  of,  see 
Bromine — p.  Hydrocyanate  of,  Potassii  eyanure- 
tum  —  p.  Hyperinanganate  of,  Potassae  hyper- 
manganas — p.  llyperoxalas.  Potass,  oxalate  of — 
p.  llypertartras,  P.  supertartras  —  p.  Impura, 
Potash  of  commerce  —  p.  and  Iron,  tartrate  of, 
Ferrum  tnrtarizatum — p.  with  Lime,  Potassa  cum 
calce  —  p.  Liquida,  Liquor  potassae  —  p.  Mephite 
of,  Potassa;  subcarbonas  —  p.  Monochromate  of, 
Potassae  chromas — p.  Muriate  of,  Potasste  murias 
—  p.  Nitrate  of,  Potassae  nitras  —  p.  Ope  calcis 
parata  et  igne  fusa,  Potassa  cum  calce  —  p.  Oxy- 
muriate  of,  Potassae  murias  hyperoxygenatus — p. 
Permanganate  of,  Potassae  permanganas  —  p. 
Prussiatc  of,  Potassii  ferrocyauurctum  —  p.  and 
Soda,  tartrate  of.  Soda,  tartrate  of — p.  Subcar- 
bonate  of,  Potassae  subcarbonas  —  p.  Suljihate  of, 
Potassao  sulj)bas  —  p.  Sulphate  of,  acid,  Potassae 
supersulphas — p.  Sulphuret  of,  Potassas  sulphure- 
tum  —  p.  Superearbonate  of,  Potassa;  carbonas  — 
p.  Supersulphato  of,  Potassae  supersulphas  —  p. 
Supertartrate  of,  Potassae  supertartras — p.  Tar- 
trate of,  Potassic  tartras. 

POTAS'SiE  ACE'TAS,  Oxylnr'tarw,  Acetas 
hnli  seu  lixiv'im  seu  ko'lioiui,  Al'knli  tnr'tnri 
ace'to  satiira'tiim,  A.  vegetah' He  cum  acein,  Mayia- 
te'rium  tartnri  purgatia.  Term  fidin'ta  Tnrtari, 
Kali  aceta'tum,  Sal  diuret'iciis  sou  Seinier'ti, 
Arca'num  tartnri,  Ac"etnte  of  pot n si,  (F.)  Acetate 
de  potaane.  (Acid,  acetic.  Oj,  PotmiacE  carbon,  q.  s. 
Mix  and  add,  by  degrees,  enough  acetic  acid  to 
saturate  the  alkali;  then  filter  and  evaporate 
till  a  pellicle  is  formed,  which  is  to  be  dried  upon 
bibulous  paper  ;  evaporate  again  in  a  water-bath, 
and,  removing  the  pellicles,  dry.  —  Ph.  U.  S.) 

It  is  cathartic  and  diuretic.  Dose,  ^j  to  ^ij, 
or  more. 

Potass^  et  AlumiNjE  Sulphas,  Alnmen  — 
p.  Biantimonias,  Antimonium  diaphoreticum  — 
p.  Bicarbonas,  Potassae  carbonas. 

Potas's^e  Bichuo'mas,  A'o/i'  chro'micum  rn- 
hrum  seu  ac"idum  seu  hichro'micum,  Plchro'mote 
of  potaa'sa.  Procured  by  adding  aulphiiric,  ni- 
tric, or  arctic  arid  to  a  solution  of  the  neutral 
ehromate,  and  setting  it  aside  to  crystallize.  It 
is  a  violent  irritant  poison  ;  and  has  been  used 
as  a  caustic  in  cases  of  morbid  growths,  in  the 
proportion  of  from  half  a  drachm  to  a  drachm  of 
the  salt  to  from  an  ounce  to  an  ounce  and  a  half 
of  water. 

PotasSjE  Bisulphas,  p.  supersulphas — p.  Bi- 
tartras,  P.  supertartras. 

Potass.e  Car'donas,  Kali  nera'tum,  Bicar'- 
honaa  potaases,  Potaa'aes  bicar'honna  (Ph.  U.  S., 
L.,  E.,  <!k  D. ),  Deutocarbonaa  potnaaii.  Carbonate, 
bicar  bonate  or  aupercar'bonate  of  potaaaa.  This 
is  not  caustic,  like  the  subcarbonatc  of  potass, 
and  hence,  has  boon  preferred  to  relieve  acidity. 
(Potaaa.  carbon.  Ibiv.  A(]U(P  dextHlnt.  Ox.  Pass 
carbonic  acid  through  the  solution  until  it  is 
saturated,  and  filter.  Evaporate  at  a  heat  not 
exceeding  lfiO°,  and  dry  the  crystals  on  bibulous 
paper.     Carbonic  acid  is  obtained   from  marble 


by  the  addition  of  dilute  sulphuric  acid. — Ph. 
If.  S.)  Dose,  gr.  x  to  ^9%.  It  is  used  in  forming 
the  soda  powders,  as  well  as  for  its  antacid  pro- 
perties. 

Distillers  and  brewers  prepare  this  salt  with 
great  facility  by  suspending  a  solution  of  the  puri- 
fied carbonate  of  potnaaa  in  the  fermenting  tun. 
The  alkaline  salt  is  thus  surrounded  by  an  atmo- 
sphere of  carbonic  acid  ;  and  by  absorbing  it.  it 
crystallizes  into  bicarbonate.  The  salt  in  powder 
is  called  aal  aeratua.  Its  composition  is  between 
that  of  a  carbonate  and  of  a  bicarbonate. 

PotasSvE  Carbonas,  P.  subcarbonas  —  p.  Car- 
bonas e  Lixivo  Cinere,  P.  subcarbonas  —  p.  Car- 
bonas impufus,  P.  subcarbonas  —  p.  Carbonas 
purus,  Pure  carbonate  of  potassa,  see  P.  subcar- 
bonas—  p.  Chloras,  P.  murias  hyperoxygenatus 
— p.  Chloruretum  oxydatum,  P.  murias  hyperoxy- 
genatus. 

Potas's^  Chromas,  Kali  chro'micum  famm 
seu  neutra'le,  Neutral  ye/low  Chronnite  or  Jlfoiio- 
chrornate  of  potaaaa.  Prepared  by  igniting  a 
mixture  of  four  parts  of  native  chromite  of  iron 
(chrome  iron  ore)  and  one  part  of  nitre  ;  dissolv- 
ing out  the  ehromate  of  potassa  by  water,  and 
crystallizing.  It  has  been  used  as  an  emetic,  ex- 
pectorant and  diaphoretic.  Dose,  as  an  emetic, 
from  two  to  four  grains  ;  as  an  expectorant,  fnnii 
Jth  to  1^  grain.  In  the  proportion  of  one  drachm 
to  32  ounces  of  water,  it  has  been  used  as  an  an- 
tiseptic wash  —  called  by  Jacobson,  Liquor  cou- 
aerva'trix. 

Potassae  Citras,  Citrate  of  potaaaa.  [Acid, 
citric,  ^x,  Potaaa.  bicarb.  ,^xiv,  Aq.  q.  s.  Dis- 
solve the  acid  in  the  water  ;  and  after  efferves- 
cence has  ceased,  strain  and  evaporate  to  dryness. 
The  salt  is  deliquescent,  and  must  be  kept  in 
well-stopped  bottles.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  possesses 
the  refrigerant  properties  of  the  neutral  salts, 
and  may  be  given  in  fever,  when  to  do  little  or 
nothing  is  the  most  advisable  course.  Dose,  gr.  x 
to  J^ss. 

PoTASSvE  ET  Ferri  Tartras,  Fcrri  tartariza- 
tuin — p.  Hydras,  Potassa  fusa. 

Potassae  IIvDRi'onAS,  Potaaaa  Protohydri'o- 
daa,  Potaa'aii  protox'idi  hydri'odaa.  Kali  Ilydrl- 
odin'icnm  seu  Hydriod'icum,  Hydriodna  Ka'licua, 
Hi/dri'odate  of  potaaa,  (F.)  Hydriodate  de  potaaae. 
If  a  solution  of  potass  be  poured  on  iodine,  an 
iodate  and  hydriodate  are  formed.  These  may 
be  separated  by  means  of  alcohol,  which  only 
dissolves  the  latter  of  these  salts.  The  hydrio- 
date, or  rather  the  T'odide  of  Potaa'aium,  Kalium 
Toda'tum,  Potnaaii  Todure'tum  seu  To'didum,  (F.) 
lodure  de  potaaaium,  may  be  obtained  by  evapo- 
ration. When  the  Iodide  of  jiotaaaium  is  dis- 
solved in  water,  it  becomes  the  Hydriodate  of 
Potaaaa.  The  following  is  the  formula  in  the 
Ph.  IT.  S.  Potaaa.  ^vy.  lodin.  in  pulv.  ^xxj; 
Carbon,  licjui  in  pulv.  subtiliss.  ^ij  :  Aq.  hulllevt. 
Oiij.  Dissolve  the  potassa  in  the  water:  add  the 
iodine  gradually,  stirring  until  the  solution  bo- 
comes  colourless,  and  continue  the  additions  until 
the  liquid  remains  slightly  coloured  from  excess 
of  iodine.  Evaporate  to  dryness,  stirring  in  the 
charcoal  towards  the  close.  Rub  to  powder,  au'l 
heat  to  dull  redness  in  an  iron  crucible,  keeping 
up  the  temperature  for  15  minutes.  When  cool, 
dissolve  out  the  saline  matter  with  pure  water, 
filter  the  solution,  evaporate  and  set  aside  to 
crystallize.  By  evaporating  and  crystallizing  as 
before,  an  additional  quantity  of  crystals  may  be 
obtained.     Virtues,  —  those  of  iodine. 

PoTASS/E  Mf'niAS,  Sal  Dii/cati'vua  sowf'hrif- 
ugua  Syl'vii,  Spir'itua  aalia  mari'ui  coorjida'tua, 
Muriate  of  Potaaa.     Bitter  and  refrigorart. 

PoTASSJ?  Mu'RIAS  IlYrEROXVOEXA'TIS,  Po- 
taaam  Ohloraa  sen  oxymu'riaa,  O.rymii'rinte,  Hy- 
peroxi/mu'riate,  Chlorate  or  Euchlo'rale  of  potass, 


POTASS.E 


•',0 


rOTASSE 


Prolochlo'rate  of  potas'sium,  Alcali  vegrt'd'ile 
ndU'lo-tlephhxjhtica'tum,  C/ilornre'titiii  pnton'ncB 
<i.rt/<l(i'tiim,  Ilttloi'dnni  oxy(jeiiii'titiii,  O.fi/i/c'  iio- 
Clilnrure'tum  potds'sii,  Kali  rhlo' n'ciiiii,  CItloras 
Ka'licits  depura'tus,  (F.)  Chlorate  de  potaxse.  It 
li;is  been  regiinled  as  antineuropathtc,  and  as  an 
alterative  purifier  of  the  blood  and  humours.  It 
is  of  doubtful  efficacy.  Dose,  3  to  6  grains  or  more. 

PoTASS>«  NiTHAS,  Nitrate  of  Potass,  Nitrum, 
N.  prismat'icnm,  Sal  nitrum,  Nitre,  Saltpetre,  Sal 
petrcB,  Salse'do  niucnim,  Sanr/uiu'ea,  Berenic"iiim, 
J/alini'trnm,  Protoni'trate  of  Potas'niiim,  Nitrate 
"f  pi''>tox'ide  of  Potamiiuin,  Kali  ni'tricnin,  Ni- 
tran  ka'licitii  seu  Uxiv'ias,  Az'otan  potas'niciia,  (F.) 
Nitrate  ou  Azotale  de  potaase.  Obtained  from  the 
putrefaction  of  animal  matters,  in  contact  with 
calcareous  or  alkaline  earths,  by  elixiviation ; 
adding,  if  necessary,  wood-ashes  to  supply  the 
alkaline  basis.  It  is  formed,  in  an  impure  state, 
by  nature,  in  warm  climates. 

It  is  diuretic  and  refrigerant,  and,  in  large 
doses,  purgative ;  externally,  cooling  and  deter- 
gent. Dose,  gr.  x  to  ^j.  In  large  doses  it  is 
an  acrid  poison. 

PotassjE  Nitras  Fusus  Sulpha'tis  Paucil'lo 
MiXTU.S,  Sal  prunel'lm,  Crystal'lus  minera'lis, 
Nitras  potas'sm  cum  siil'phure  fiisns,  N^itrinn  tabu- 
In'tum,  Lapis  Prune/'lcB,  Anod'yiium  miiiera'le, 
Sore-throat  salt,  Min'eral  crystal.  Nitrate  of 
y)otass,  mixed  with  a  little  sulphate  of  potass  and 
run  into  moulds.    Its  properties  are  those  of  nitre. 

PotasSvE  Ox'alas,  Ox'alas  Acid'idum  Potas'- 
s(B  seu  Potas'scB  acid'uliis  seu  ba'siois,  Superox'- 
alas  ha'licum  seu  Potassw,  Hyperoxalas  I'otasscB, 
Sal  Acetosel'lee,  Oxa'lium,  Kali  oxaV icnm  acid'u- 
htm,  Ox'alas  siibpotas'sicus,  Siipero.r'alate  <f  Pro- 
tox'ide  of  Potas'sium,  Ojcalate  of  Potass,  S(dt  of 
Sorrel,  (F.)  Sel  d'oseille,  Sel  il  detacher.  Pre- 
])iired  from  the  juice  of  wood  sorrel.  It  is  re- 
iVigerant,  and  is  used  to  make  lemonade,  Ac. 

Potass^  Oxalas  Acidulum,  Potass,  oxalate 
of — p.  Oxymurias,  P.  murias  hyperoxygenatus. 

PoTASSyE  Peuman'ganas,  Permati' (janute  of 
potas'sa,  Hyperman' rjanate  of  potassa,  has  b^en 
given  in  cases  of  diabetes.  Dose,  from  gr.  ij  to 
gr.  V,  three  times  a  day.  It  has  been  prescribed, 
also,  in  obstinate  dyspepsia. 

Potass^  Piiotohydiuodas,  P.  hydriodas — p. 
Purse  fusae  hydras,  Potassa  fusa  —  p.  et  Sodae 
tartras.  Soda,  tartrate  of. 

Potass^  Subcar'bonas,  P.  Car'bonaa  (Ph. 
U.  S.),  P.  carbonas  e  Lixi'vo  Cin'ere,  Subcar'bo- 
nas Kali,  Gar'bonas  Potassa,  Kali  prcepara'tnm, 
Sal  Herba'rum  seu  Planta'rum  seu  Tar'tari  seu 
Absin'thii,  Calca'reous  Tartar,  Snbcarbonate  or 
Mephite  of  Potass,  Ac.  (See  Potash.)  A  filtered 
solution  of  the  impure  subcarbonate,  Potas'sa 
rar'botias  impu'rus  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Pearl-ash  (see 
Potash),  evaporated  to  dryness.  This  deliques- 
cent salt  is  given  in  the  same  cases  as  the  potassae 
carbonas,  than  which  it  is  more  caustic  and  dis- 
agreeable. 

The  Parisian  codex  has  a  Subcar'bonas  Potas'sa 
ex  tar'taro  combus'to,  vulgo  Sal  Tariari  or  Salt  of 
Tartar  —  (it  is  the  Potassa  carbonas  purus,  Pure 
Carbonate  of  Potassa,  Ph.  U.  S.);  a  Subcarbonas 
Potassa  ex  defaf/ran'tibus  simul  tar'trate  acid'ulo 
et  Nitrate  Potassa  pnratns,  vulgo  Nitrum  ex  tar- 
taro  flxum  ;  and  a  Subcarbonas  potassa  ex  defla- 
(fran'te  cum  Carbon' ibua  Nitra'te  Potassa  pnra- 
tus,  vulgo  Nitrum  fixum.  They  are  all  used  like 
the  preceding. 

PoTAssvE  Subcarbonas  Impurus,  Potash  of 
•eominerce. 

PoTAss>«  Sulphas,  Kali  vitriola'tum  seu  «i(^ 
phu'rieum,  Sulphas  Kali  Lixiv'ia  vitriola'ta,  Ni- 
trum vitriolatum  Schroederi,  Sal  Sapien'tia  seu 
Tar'tari  Sulphura'tum  seu  Polychres'tus,  Spe.cif- 
icttm    Paracel'si,    Spi'ritua    vitrioli    coagida'tus 


ifynsichti,  Al'kali  vegeta'bile  vitriolatum,  Sal  de 
duobua,  Arc'i'uum  duplica'tum,  Tar'tarum  vitrio- 
latum, Panace'a  Ducis  Uotsa'tia  seu  dujdiva'la, 
Sulphate,  of  Potass,  Protosulph'ate  of  Potas'- 
sium,  (F.)  Sulfate  de  potasse.  (The  salt,  that  re- 
mains after  the  distillation  of  nitric  acid,  dis- 
solved;  the  excess  of  acid  saturated  with  sulicnr- 
bonate  of  potass  and  crystallized.)  Purgative 
and  diuretic.  Dose,  ^ss  to  ^]  as  a  laxative.  In 
a  large  dose  it  has  proved  an  irritant  poison. 

PotasSjG  StTLPHAS  CUM  SlJL'fll Ultji,  Sat  Poly- 
chres'tus (llase'ri,  Lixiv'ia  Vitriola'ta  Siil/ihti'ini. 
(Fortned  by  deflagrating  nitrate  of  potass  with 
sublimed  sulphur.)  Same  virtues  as  the  la.st. 
Dose,  gr.  XV  to  xxx. 

PoTASs^E  SuLPHURETUM,  Potassii  sulphurctuin 

—  p.  Superoxalas,  Potassa)  oxalas. 

Potass^  Supersul'piias,  P.  Bisulphas,  Sal 
enix'um  seu  febrif'nyus  if  Lem'ery,  Supers\dj,h<ilc 
of  Potass,  Acid  Sulphate  or  Jiisulphate  of  I'olasn, 
Super-protosulphate  of  Potas'siuui,  (F.)  Jilsulfile 
de  Potasse.  (The  salt  remaining  after  the  di.vtll- 
lation  of  nitric  acid,  dissolved,  strained,  and 
crystallized.)  It  is  refrigerant  and  purgative. 
Dose,  3'"'s  to  ^ij. 

PoTASSyE  Supertar'tras  Impu'rus,  Tar'torvs 
crudus,  Tar'tarum,  Lapis  vini,  3fayueti'uus,  J'e. 
dugra,  Tartar,  (F.)  Tartre  cru  ou  brut.  It  is 
called,  also,  Tartarum  rubrum  and  Jted  Arrjid, 
when  obtained  from  red  wines  ;  Tartarum  album 
or  White  Aryol,  when  from  white  wines.  Tartar 
is  the  saline  deposit  from  wines  as  they  become 
aged;  which  attaches  itself  to  the  sides  of  the 
casks  and  bottles  in  which  they  are  kept.  It 
consists  of  a  considerable  quantity  of  acidulims 
tartrate  of  potass,  tartrate  of  lime,  silica,  alunicn, 
oxyd  of  iron,  manganese,  and  a  re<]  colouring 
matter,  if  the  wine  be  red.  It  is  chiefly  used  lor 
the  preparation  of  cream  of  tartar. 

PotasSjE  Supertar'tras,  P.  hypertar'tras,  P. 
Bitar'tras  (Ph.  U.  S.)  seu  tartras  ac"ida,  Crys- 
tal'li  Tar'tari,  Tartras  Acid'ulus  Potassa  jiurus, 
T.  superpotas' sicus,  T.  subpotas' sicus,  Superlar'- 
trate  of  Protox'ide  of  Potas'sium,  Bitartrate  or  iS'ii- 
pertartrate  of  Potass,  Crystals  of  Tartar,  Cremur 
Tar'tari,  Cream  of  Tartar  (when  in  powder), 
Supertar'trate  of  Potass,  (F.)  Tartrate  aciile  de 
potasse,  Creme  de  Tartre.  (The  tartar  of  wine 
purified.)  It  requires  60  parts  of  water  at  60° 
to  dissolve  it.  It  is  mildly  purgative,  refrigerant 
and  diuretic.  Dissolved  in  water,  with  a  small 
quantity  of  white  wine,  some  sugar  and  lemon- 
peel,  it  forms  an  agreeable  beverage  in  febrile 
diseases,  under  the  name  of  Imperial.  Dose,  as 
a  diuretic,  ^j  to  ^ij  ;  as  a  purgative,  ^^ss  to  ^). 

Potass^  Tartras,  Kali  tartariza'tum,  Al'cali 
fixum  tarturisatum,  Tar'tarum  solu'bile,  Tartarus 
tartariza'tus,  Lixiv'ia  Tartarisa'ta,  Sal  Pan- 
ehres'tum,  Tartras  Kali'nus  seu  lixiv'ia,  Sal  vege- 
tab'ilis,  Alkali  vegetab'ile  tartarizatum,  Tartrate 
of  Potass.  Soluble  Tartar,  (F.)  Tartrate  de  Po- 
tasse. (Potassa  carbon.  ^x\};  Potassa  Bilur- 
trat.  in  pulv.  subtiliss.  tbiij,  vel  q.  s.,  arpia  bulli- 
entis,  cong.  Dissolve  the  carbonate  of  potassa  in 
the  water,  add  the  bitartrate  to  saturation,  and 
boil ;  filter,  evaporate  till  a  pellicle  forms,  and 
set  aside  to  crystallize.  Pour  off  the  liquid  ;  dry 
the  crystals  on  bibulous  paper,  and  keep  in 
closely-stopped  bottles.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  A  saline 
cathartic  in  the  dose  of  ^^ij  to  ^^j. 

Potass^.  Tartras  Acii>a,  P.  supertartras — p. 
Tartras  acidulus  purus,  P.  supertartras  —  p.  Tar- 
tras stibialis  seu  stibiosus,  Antimonium  tartariza- 
tum. 

POTASSE,  ACETATE  DE,  Potassaj  acetns 

—  p.  Jiisulphate  de,  Potassae  supersulphas — p. 
Caustique,  Potassa  fusa  —  p.  d  la  Chavx,  Potassa 
cum  calce — p.  Chlorate  de,  Potassae  murias  hy- 
peroxygenatus— p.  Hydriodate  de,  Potassae  by- 


rOTASSII   BROMIDUM 


751        POTERIUM  SANGUISORBA 


driodas — p.  Liquide,  Liquor  potnssae — p.  Nitrate 
tie,  Potassie  nitras — p.  Pi-fparie  avec  la  chaux, 
I'otiigsa  cum  calce — p.  et  de  Sonde,  tartrate  de, 
Soda,  tartrate  of — p.  Hulfute  de,  Potassae  sulphas 
—  p.  Snl/iire  de,  Potassii  sulphuretum — p.  Tar- 
trate de,  Potassaj  tartras — p.  Tartrate  acide  de, 
Potassao  supertartras. 

POTAS'SII  BRO'MIDUM,  Potas'ecs  hydrn- 
hru'inan,  Bromide  of  potassium,  (F.)  liromure  de 
/'utaseiiim.  (liromin,  ^ij;  Ferri  fili,"^]  ;  Potass, 
ctirhon.  ,^ij  and  ^^j,  vel  q.  s. ;  Aq.  deslillat.,  Oiv. 
Add  tiio  iron  filings  and  bromine  to  a  pint  and  a 
lialf  of  the  water ;  stirring  for  half  an  hour.  Ap- 
ply a  gentle  heat,  and  when  the  liquor  assumes 
a  greenish  colour,  add  gradually  the  carbonate  of 
potassa,  dissolved  in  Oiss  of  the  water,  until  it 
ceases  to  cause  a  precipitate.  Continue  the  heat 
for  half  an  hour,  and  filter.  Wash  the  precipitate 
with  the  remaining  water,  boiling  hot,  and  filter. 
Mix  the  liquors  and  crystallize  by  evaporation. — 
Ph.  U.  S.)     Virtues  :  —  those  of  iodide  of  iron. 

PoTASSii  Cyanidum,  P.  Cyanurctum. 

PoTASSn  Cyanuke'tum,  P.  Cyan'iditm,  Cya- 
rtnret  of  Potassium,  Ilydrocy'anute  of  Potassa. 
(Potassii  Ferrocyanur.,  in  pulv.  ^viij  ;  Potass. 
Carbonat.  exsiccat.,  ^iij.  Mix  intimately  and 
throw  into  a  deep  iron  crucible,  heated  to  red- 
ness ;  keep  up  the  heat  till  effervescence  ceases, 
and  the  fused  mass  concretes,  of  a  pure  white 
colour,  upon  a  warm  glass  rod  dipped  into  it; 
then  pour  out  the  liquid  carefully  into  a  shallow 
dish  to  solidify,  stopping  before  the  salt  becomes 
contaminated  with  the  precipitated  iron.  Breali 
up  the  mass  whilst  warm,  and  preserve  in  well- 
stopped  bottles. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  in  the  same 
cases  as  the  hydrocyanic  acid.  Dose,  a  quarter 
of  a  grain. 

PoTASsn  Dbuto-carbonas,  Potassae  carbonas. 

Potassii  Ferhocyanuhe'tum,  P.  Ferrocyan'- 
idiim,  Ferrovy'anide  or  Ferrocyan'uret  of  Potas- 
sium, Ferrocy' annte  or  Ferroprnssiate  or  Prussi- 
nle  of  Potassa,  (F.)  Protocyanure  jautie  de  fer  et 
de  piitassium,  Cyauure  de  fer  ct  de  potassium.  The 
yellow  double  cyanuret  of  potassium  and  iron, 
the  salt  from  which  the  cyanuret  of  potassium  is 
obtained  by  calcination.  It  is  not  much  used  in 
medicine.  It  has  been  advised  as  an  astringent 
in  the  colliquative  sweats  of  phthisis,  in  leucor- 
rhoea,  Ac;  but  it  does  not  seem  to  be  possessed 
of  much  activity.  Dose,  10  or  15  grains  every 
four  or  five  hours. 

Potassii  IIvDnAii'GYiio-ioD'iDnM,  Potas^ce  To- 
dohydrar'gyras, Hydrargyrum  biiodafuni  cum  kalio 
iodato,  Kalium  iodatum  hydrarrfyrottim,  Todhy- 
drur'gyrate  or  Hijdrargyro-iodide  of  Potassium. 
This  salt  is  made  by  the  combination  of  iodide 
of  potassium  with  red  iodide  of  mercury.  Its 
properties  are  similar  to  those  of  the  iodides  of 
mercury,  but  in  a  less  degree. 

Potassii  loninuM,  Potassae  hydriodas  —  p.  To- 
duretum,  Potassio  hydriodas  —  p.  Oxygeno-chlo- 
rnretura,  Potassae  murias  hyperoxygenatus  —  p. 
Protsxidi  hydriodas,  Potassao  hydriodas. 

Potassii  Sulpho-cyaniire'tum,  Su/pho-cyan'- 
uret  of  Potas'sium.  This  salt  has  been  prepared 
as  a  substitute  for  hydrocyanic  acid,  and  cyanu- 
ret of  potassium,  on  the  ground  of  its  possessing 
their  advantages  without  their  inconveniences. 

Potassii  Stlpiuirk'tusi,  Potas'sa;  Sulphure'- 
turn  seu  tersulpliure'tum.  Kali  sulplniretum,  Hepar 
Sulph'uris,  It.  sulphnris  aali'uum  seu  sulph'uris 
vidf/a're,  Sulphure'tum  lixiv'im  seu  ha'licum, 
Li'rer  of  Sulphur,  Sulphuret  of  Potass,  (F.)  Siil- 
fiire  de  potasse,  Sul/'ure  de  potassium  sulfntf, 
Foie  de  Soufre.  (Sulphur.  1^'].  Potassa-  rarb.  ^\j. 
Rub  them  together,  and  place  the  mixture  in  a 
covered  crucible  upon  the  fire  until  they  unite. 
It  ha?  been  employed  in  affections  of  the  chest, 
as  an  expectorant,  in  the  dose  of  from  ^ss  to  ^j. 


largely  diluted  :  but  it  is  chiefly  used  as  a  bath 
or  wash  in  cases  of  itch,  tinea  capitis,  and  other 
cutaneous  affections.) 

Potassii  Tersulphuretum,  Potassii  sulphu- 
retum. 

POTASSIUM.  Same  etymon  as  potash.  The 
metallic  base  of  potassa. 

POTASSIUM,  liROMURE  DE,see  Bromine 
— p.  Cyanuret  of,  Potassii  cyanuretum — p.  Ferro- 
cyanide  of,  Potassii  ferrocyanuretum  —  p.  Ferro- 
cyanuret  of,  Potassii  ferrocyanuretum  —  p.  Iodide 
of,  Potassae  hydriodas  —  p.  lodohydrargyrate  of, 
Potassii  hydrargyro-iodidum — p.  Jodure  de,  Po- 
tassiB  hydriodas — p.  Oxide  of.  Potass  —  p.  Proto- 
arscnite  of,  Arsenite  of  protoxide  of  potassium- — p. 
Protochlorate  of,  Potassae  murias  hyperoxygena- 
tus—  p.  Protonitrate  of,  Potassae  nitras  —  p.  Pro- 
toxide of.  Potass — p.  Protoxide  of,  nitrate  of,  Po- 
tassae nitras  —  p.  Protoxide  of,  superoxalate  of. 
Potass,  oxalate  of^p.  Protoxide  of,  supertartrate 
of,  PotassiB  supertartras  —  p.  Protosulphate  of, 
Potassae  sulphas — p.  Sulfure  de,  sulfate,  Potassii 
sulphuretum  —  p.  Sulphuret  of,  Potassii  sulphu- 
retum—  p.  Superprotosulphate  of,  Potassae  super- 
sulphas. 

POTATO,  Solanum  tuberosum. 

Potato  Flv,  Lytta  vittata. 

Potato,  Hog,  Convolvulus  panduratus. 

Potato  Oil,  Oil,  fusel.  By  distilling  potato  oil 
with  anhydrous  phosphoric  acid,  a  volatile  color- 
less oily  liquid  is  procured,  which  is  lighter  than 
water,  and  boils  at  102°.  This  is  Am'yieiie  or 
Am'ylen,  (F.)  Amyleite.  It  is  best  prepared  from 
fusel  oil  by  the  action  of  chloride  of  zinc.  The 
vapour  has  been  employed  as  an  anaesthetic. 

Potato,  Spanish,  Convolvulus  batatas  —  p. 
Sweet,  Convolvulus  batatas. 

Potato  Vine,  Wild,  Convolvulus  panduratus. 

Potato,  Wild,  Convolvulus  panduratus. 

POTBELLY,  Physconia. 

POTECARY,  Apothecary. 

POTELKE,  Hvoscvamus. 

POTENTIA,  Force. 

Poten'tia  seu  Potes'tas  Coeun'di,  Capability 
of  copulation. 

PoTENTiA  Generan'di.  The  power  of  procre- 
ation. 

Potentia  Irritans,  Stimulus. 

POTEN'TIAL,  Poteiitia'lis,  (F.)  Potentiel ; 
from  ;)o<e»«, 'able.'  An  epithet  for  remedies  which, 
although  energetic,  do  not  act  till  sometime  after 
their  application.  The  caustic  alkalies,  for  in- 
stance, are  called  Poteutial  cauteries  in  contradis- 
tinction to  the  hot  iron,  which  is  termed  actual. 

POTENTILLA,  P.  reptanss. 

Potentil'la  Anseri'na,  P.  argenti'ua  seu  im- 
po'lita  seu  ncglec'ta,  Argenti'ua  vulga'ris,  Frn- 
ga'ria  anseri'na,  Ar'geutiue,  Chenobos'con,  Ar- 
geutn'ria,  Anseri'na,  Silrer  Weed,  Wild  Tansy, 
Moorgrass,  (F.)  Argentine,  Polentille,  Herbe  anx 
oies.  Ord.  Rosacea}.  The  leaves  are  mildly 
astringent  and  tonic. 

PoTKNTii.LA  Argentina,  P.  anserina  —  p.  Im- 
polita,  P.  anserina  —  p.  Neglecta,  P.  anserina. 

PoteNTILLA  NoRVEg"iCA,  Norway  Cinque-foil, 
an  indigenous  plant,  is  jiossessed  of  similar  pro- 
perties. 

PoTENTiLLA  Pah'Stris,  Comarum  palustre. 

Potentil'la  ReptANS,  Peulaphyl'lnm,  Fraga'- 
ria  jiputapln/l'lum,  Potentil'la,  Quiuqnefo'lium, 
Q.  tnajus.  Common  ciuquefiil,  [Y.)  Potentille  ram- 
pante,  Quintefeuille.  The  roots  are  possessed  of 
astringent  properties. 

Potkntilla  Tormentilla,  Tormentilla. 

POTENTILLE.  Poteniilla  anserina— />.  i?(Tnj- 
pcinte,  Potentilla  reptans. 

POTENTIZIXU.  see  Dvnamic. 

POTERIUM  SANGUISORBA,  Pimpinella 
saxifraga. 


POTESTAS   COEUNDI 


■52 


FOULS 


POTESTAS  COEUNDI,  Potentia  coeundi— p. 
Generandi,  Potentia  generandi. 

POTEX,  AnuH. 

POTUOMOR'PIIA  PELTA'TA,  Pothomor'phe 
peltd'ta,  (pothos,  and  nop(jiT),  'shape,')  Caapeba  [?]. 
A  Brazilian  plant,  Order,  Piperaceae,  which  is 
possessed  of  diuretic  properties,  and  has  been 
given  in  strangury. 

PoTHOMORPHA  Umbella'ta,  dIso  Called  Caa- 
peba [?],  is  used  in  Brazil  to  modify  nutrition,  as 
in  glandular  affections,  in  which  it  is  also  given 
externally  in  the  form  of  decoction. 

POTHOS  FOETID  A,  Dracontium  foetidum— p. 
Putorii,  Dracontium  foetidum. 

POTIMOS,  Potable. 

POTIO,  Drink,  Haustus,  Potion  — p.  Calcis 
carbonatis,  Mistura  cretae  —  p.  Effervescens  anti- 
emetica,  Potion  of  Riverius  —  p.  Leniens,  Looch 
ex  ovo  —  p.  Oleosa,  Looch  ex  ovo  —  p.  Picea,  see 
Pinus  sylvestris. 

POTION  (F.),  Potlo;  from  poto,  'I  drink.' 
JTydnole,  Bi/drolite.  A  liquid  medicine,  from  4 
to  8  ounces  or  more  in  quantity,  the  composition 
of  which  varies,  and  which  is  administered  in  di- 
vided doses.  It  corresponds  to  the  English  mix- 
ture.    See  Mistura. 

POTION  PECTORALS,  Looch  ex  ovo. 

Potion  of  Rive'rhis.  A  mixture  of  Lemon 
Juice  and  Siibcarboiiate  of  Potass,  —  generally 
given  in  a  state  of  effervescence.  It  is  the  Putio 
effervca'ceiiH  aiiti-eniet'ica  dicta  Rive'rii,  of  the 
Parisian   codex.     The  name  in  the  codex  indi- 

POTIONIS  DESIDERIUM,  Thirst. 

POT  [RON,  Cucurbita  pepo. 

POTIUNCULA,  Haustus. 

POTOPARANCEA,  Delirium  tremens. 

POTOS,  Potable. 

POTOTROMOPARANCEA,  Delirium  tremens. 

POTTINGAR,  Aiiothecarv. 

POTT'S  CURVATURE,  Vertebral  disease. 

POTT'S  DISEASE,  Vertebral  disease. 

POTUS,  Drink  —  p.  Hippocraticus,  Claret. 

POU,  Pediculus. 

POUCE,  Pollex,  see  Digitus. 

POUCHED,  Encysted. 

POUCHES,  LARYNGEAL,  see  Laryngeal 
pouches. 

POUDRE,  Powder,  Pulvis — p.  Ahsorbante  et 
nnti-acide,  Pulvis  de  magnesia  compositus — p. 
d'Aliin  coniposee,  Pulvis  sulphatis  aluminas  com- 
positus—  p.  Antiarthritiqne  amere,  Pulvis  de 
amaris  compositus  — ^j.  Antiaathinatiqne,  Pulvis 
de  sulphure  et  scilla — p.  Antimoniale  coniposee  ou 
de  James,  Antimonial  powder  —  j).  Aromaliqiie, 
Pulvis  cinnamomi  compositus — p.  d'Anarum  com- 
posee  dite  slernntatoire,  Pulvis  asari  compositus 
—  p.  Balsaniique,  Pulvis  rayrrhae  compositus — p. 
de  Birvkmunii,  Pulvis  de  aro  compositus — p.  de 
Blaiicheiiieut,  Calcis  chloridum — p.  de  Caniielle 
eomponee  ou  aromatiqne,  Pulvis  cinnamomi  com- 
positus— p.  Cnstillon,  see  Powders,  Castillon — p. 
Gathartique,  Pulvis  scnmmoneae  compositus — p>- 
Gaustique  dn  frere  Cusnie,  Powder,  arsenical,  of 
C6me — p.  de  Chypre,  see  Cladonia  rangiferrina — 
p.  dn  Comte  de  Palme,  Magnesiae  carbonas — p. 
Cornachine,  Pulvis  cornachini — p.  de  Come  bra- 
lee  avec  opium,  Pulvis  cornu  usli  cum  opio  —  p. 
Colon,  see  Collodion — /).  de  Craie  composee,  Pul- 
vis cretae  compositus — p.  de  Craie  coviposee  avec 
opium,  see  Pulvis  cretae  compositus  cum  opio — p. 
de  Dower,  Pulvis  ipecacuanhae  compositus — p.  da 
Due  de  Portland,  Pulvis  Ducis  Portlandiae — p. 
de  Dnpuytren,  Powder  of  Dujiuytren — p.  Gaxi- 
fere  laxative,  Powders,  Seidlilz — p.  Gazifere 
timple,  Powders,  sod:i— p.  dc  Govime  adragant 
composee,  Pulvis  tragacanthae  compositus  —  p.  de 
Gomme  gntte,  Pulvis  e  gummi  guttS, — p.  Hydra- 
(]ogue,  Pulvis  e  gummi  gutta— p.  Incisive,  Pulvis 


de  sulphure  et  soilla — p.  d'  fpecacuanJia  et  opium, 
Pulvis  ipeeacuanhie  compositus — p.  de  Jalap 
coniposfe,  Pulvis  Jalapiu  compositus — p.  de  Kino 
compoHee,  Pulvis  kino  compositus — p.  de  la  Mi- 
raudole,  Pulvis  Ducis  PortlandiiK — p.  de  Pfrard, 
Pulvis  de  senna,  scammonea.  et  lignis — p.  de 
Qiiercetaiiua,  Pulvis  e  gummi  gutta — p.  de  Roun- 
selot,  Powder,  arsenical,  of  Come — p.  de  ^Saiut 
Aiige,  Pulvis  asari  coiujjositus — p.  de  iSaron  reyt'- 
tale,  Pulvis  gummosus  alkalinus — p.  de  Scammo- 
nSe  composee,  Pulvis  scaminoneae  compositus — p. 
de  Scdlitz,  Powders,  Seidlitz  —  p.  de  iSene  compn- 
see,  Pulvis  sennas  comp. — p.  de  Seniintlli,  Mag- 
nesiae carbonas — p.  Styptique,  Pulvis  suliihutia 
aluminae  compositus. 

POUDRE  SUBTIL  DE  DELCROIX.  A 
fashionable  depilatory  "  for  removing  superfluous 
hair  in  less  than  ten  minutes."  It  is  said  to  con- 
sist of  $in"c/.7/Hie  and  Sidphuret  of  Arsoiic,  \i'\\\i 
some  vegetable  powder. —  Paris. 

POUDRE  TEMPERANTE  DE  STAHL, 
Pulvis  de  sulphate  potasste  compositus — p.  de 
Tennant,  Calcis  chloridum — p.  de  Valentini,  Mag- 
nesiae carbonas — p.  VeriiiifiKje  mercurielle,  Pulvis 
e  sulphureto  hydrargyro  nigro  et  scammonio — p. 
Vermifuge  sans  laercure,  Pulvis  ex  helminthocortu 
compositus. 

POUDRE  DE  Z WINGER,  Magnesia  car- 
bonas. 

POUGUES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
alkaline  waters  are  in  the  department  of  Nievre, 
France.  'They  contain  carbonic  acid,  carbonates 
of  soda,  lime,  and  magnesia;  chloride  of  sodiuiu; 
alumina,  and  silica,  with  protoxide  of  iron. 

POUKE,  Papula. 

POU  LA  IN,  Bubo. 

POU  LET,  VIN  DE  (F.)  Pxdlvt  Wine.  A 
disgusting  preparation,  made  by  infusing  the  ex- 
crement of  the  pullet  in  white  wine.  According 
to  Nysten,  it  is  employed  by  the  vulgar  in  France 
in  a  number  of  diseases,  and  especially  iu  falLs, 
contusions,  Ac. 

POULIOT,  Mentha  pulegium. 

POULS,  Pulse — p.  Abdominal,  Pulsus  inferior 
— p.  des  Adnltes,  Pulse,  natural — p.  Agile.,  Pulsus 
fortis — p.  lias.  Pulse,  low — p.  Capital,  PuL'-e, 
nasal — p.  Combine,  Pulse,  complex — p.CiDiiptique, 
Pulse,  comfilex — p.  Compose,  Pulse,  coniple.x — /). 
Concentre,  Pulse,  contracted — p.  Defiillaitt,  Pul- 
sus deficiens — p.  Deprime,  Pulse,  depressed  —  p. 
DeveloppS,  Pulse,  developed  —  p.  de  la  Diorrhie, 
Pulse,  intestinal — p.  Dnr,  Pulse,  hard — p.  Elere, 
Pulse,  ardent  —  p.  Emharrasse,  Pulsus  intricatua 

—  p.  de  V Estomac,  Pulse,  stomachal  —  p.  Etroit, 
Pulsus  strictus — j).  de  V Expectoration,  Pul.-C, 
pectoral — p.  Faible,  Pulse,  feeble — p.  dii  Foie, 
Pulse,  hepatic — p.  Grand,  Pulse,  large — p.  /nsim- 
sible.  Pulsus  deficiens — p.  Inlcrcadent,  Pulse,  in- 
termittent— p.  des  Intestins,  Pulse,  intestinal — p. 
Languissant,  Pulse,  languid — p.  Lent,  Pulse,  slow 

—  ]}.  de  la  Matrice,  Pulsus  uterinus  —  p.  Jlnderi, 
Pulse,  natural — p.  3lou,  Pulse,  soft  —  p.  de  Nrz, 
Pulse,  nasal — ;).  Ondoyant,  Pulse,  undulating  — 
p.  Ondiilant,  Pulse,  undulating  —  p.  Pdlpiiiml, 
Pulse,  tremulous — p.  Parfait,  Pulse,  natural — p. 
Petit,  Pulse,  small — p.  Plein,  Pulse,  full — /'. 
PrScipite,  Pulse,  frequent  —  p.  Profond,  Pulse, 
deep  —  p.  Prompt,  Pulse,  sharp  —  p.  Rare,V\ihv, 
slow  —  p.  Rebondissant,  Pulsus  dicrotus  —  p.  Re- 
double, Pulsus  dicrotus — p.  des  Regies,  Pulsus 
uterinus — p.  Roide,  Pulse,  tense — p.  Serraiile, 
Pulsus  serrinus — j>.  Serrf,  Pulse,  contracted — p. 
de  la  Sueur,  Pulsus  sudoralis — p.  Tardif,  Pulse, 
slow — p.  Tendu,  Pulse,  tense — p.  Tremblatit, 
Pulse,  tremulous — p.  de  I' Urine,  Pulsus  urinalis 
— p.  Vehement,  Pulsus  fortis — p.  Ventral,  Pulsus 
inferior — p.  Vide,  Pulsus  vacuus — p.  Vif,  Pulse, 
sharp — p.  Vite,  Pulse,  sharp. 


rOULTICE 


POX 


POULTICE,    Cataplasm.     For  different  poul- 
tices, see  Cataplasm  and  Cataplasma. 
POUNCP],  Sandarac, 

POUND,  LUnn,  Litrn,  )^tTpa,  Pnri'Io,  Bn- 
ge'did  ((if  twelve  oz.),  Buivht'ilin,  (F.)  Llvre, 
from  ])iiii(ii:re,  'to  weigh.'  A  weight,  consisting 
of  twelve  ounces  Troy, — sixteen  ounces  avoirdu- 
pois.    See  Weights  and  Measures. 

POURD-MILK,  Colostrum. 

POURPIHR   CULTIVE,  Portulaca. 

POiJRPRR,  Purpura—/).  lUanc,  Miliary  fe- 
ver—  /'.  lie  C'lsHi'iis,  Purple  of  Cassius. 

POURRITURE,  Putrefaction— p.  d'H^jntal, 
Hospital  gangrene. 

POUS,  Pes. 

POUSSE,  Purs  in  ess. 

POUSSE E,  Lichen. 

POUSSIERE  TUnERCULEUSE(Y.),  '  Tu- 
herculous  Dust.'  A  name  given  by  MM.  Rilliet 
and  Barthez  to  fine  white  or  yellow  minute  points 
of  tuberculous  matter  occurring  in  myriads,  so  as 
to  he  likened  to  dust. 

POUSSIF,  see  Pursiness. 

POW,  Head. 

POWDER,  Pulvis. 

PowDKH  or  iFjTnio'pTA,  Guy's.  A  onco  cele- 
brated anthelmintic,  which  consisted  of  pure 
raxpcd  tin,  mercury,  and  aulphur,  triturated  to- 
gether. 

PoWDKR  OP  Aloks,  CoMPonNn,  Pulvis  aloes 
compositus,  Pulvis  snlphatis  nluminic  compositus 
—  p.  of  Aloes  with  canella,  Pulvis  aloes  cum  ca- 
nellS, —  p.  Alum,  compound,  Pulvis  sulphntis 
alumina;  compositus — p.  Antimoniul,  Chenevix's. 
Antimonial  powder  —  p.  Aromatic,  Pulvis  cinna- 
moini  compositus. 

PowDKii,  Arsen'ical,  of  C6^fR,  CCme's  ponnJer, 
(F.)  Poiiilre  cdiiatiqne  du  frire  (Insme  ou  de  Rotts- 
eelot  —  a  caustic  —  is  formed  of  arsorious  acid,  gr. 
X;  red  aidplntret  of  mercury,  gr.  xl  ;  powdered 
animal  chitrcanl,  gr.  x.  It  is  made  into  a  paste 
with  mucilage. 

PowDBR,  Auskn'ical,  op  JusTAMONn,  is  made 
by  melting  siilphitret  of  antimony  ]6  parts; 
arseniona  acid  1  part,  in  a  crucible.  When  the 
mass  is  cold  it  must  be  reduced  to  powder,  and 
five  parts  of  extract  of  opium  be  added. 

PownKR  01''  Arum,  compound,  Pulvis  de  aro 
compositus — p.  of  Asarabacca,  compound,  Pulvis 
asari  compositus — p.  of  Bladder- wrack,  yellow, 
Pulvis  quercils  marinaj — p.  Bleaching,  Calcis 
chioridiiin — p.  Camboge,  Pulvis  e  gummi  gutia — 
p.  Cardinal  del  Lugo's,  Cinchona — p.  Castillon, 
see  Powders,  Castillon — p.  of  Catechu,  compound, 
Pulvis  Catechu  compositus — p.  of  Chalk,  com- 
pound, Pulvis  cretao  compositus  —  p.  of  Chalk 
with  opium,  compound,  Pulvis  cretse  compositus 
cum  opio  —  p.  of  Cinnamon,  compound,  Pulvis 
oinnamomi  compositus  —  p.  CSme's,  Powder  arse- 
nical of  Come  —  p.  of  Contrayerva,  compound, 
Pulvis  contrayervaj  compositus  —  p.  Countess's, 
Cinchona — p.  Countess  of  Kent's,  Cantianus  pul- 
vis—  p.  Cyprus,  Hibiscus  abelmoschus  —  p.  Do- 
ver's, Pulvis  ipecacuanha  compositus. 

POWDRR  OF   DUPUYTRKN   (CaUSTIC;)    (F.)   PoH- 

dre  de  Diipuytren,  formed  of  1  part  of  arsenious 
acid  and  200  parts  of  mild  chloride  of  mercury. 
A  mild  and  manageable  caustic  for  causing  an 
eschar  on  exposed  surfaces,  and  in  lupus,  Ac. 

PownKR,  Earl  of  Warwick's,  Pulvis  corna- 
chini  —  p.  of  Etliiopia,  Powder  of  ^Ethiopia. 

PowDKR  OF  Faynard.  A  Celebrated  powder 
for  arresting  hemorrhage,  said  to  be  nothing 
more  than  the  charcoal  of  beech  wood  finely  pul- 
verized. 

PowDKR,  Fever,  Schwaxbeug's,  Antimonial 
powder. 
48 


PowDER-FoLDF.R,  In  Pharmacy,  an  appnrntus 
by  which  papers  containing  powders  are  folded 
of  the  desired  length. 

PowDKR.  GiNGKu-BEKR,  866  Awomum  Zingiber 
— p.  (Jout,  Duke  of  Portland's,  Pulvis  Ducis  Port- 
landiiB  —  p.  Gray,  Hydrargyrum  cum  crcta  —  p. 
of  burnt  Hartshorn  with  opium,  Pulvis  cornu 
cervi  cum  opio  —  p.  of  Ipecacuanha,  compound, 
Pulvis  ipecacuanhas  compositus  —  p.  of  Jalaj), 
compound,  Pulvis  jalapae  compositus — p.  James's 
factitious,  Antimonial  powder  —  p.  Jesuit's,  Cin- 
chona—  p.  of  Kino,  compound,  Pulvis  kino  com- 
positus. 

Powder,  Knox's.  A  disinfecting  preparation, 
composed  of  eight  parts  of  chloride  of  aodium, 
and  three  parts  of  chlorinated  li)ne.  An  ounce, 
dissolved  in  a  tumblerful  of  water,  forms  a  solu- 
tion of  proper  strength. 

Powder  of  Lkmoxade,  see  Lemonade  —  p.  of 
Magnesia,  compound,  Pulvis  de  magnesia  com- 
positus—  p.  of  the  Marquis,  Marchionis  pulvis — 
p.  Mead's,  against  the  bite  of  a  Mad  dog,  Pulvis 
antilyssus — p.  Myrrh,  compound.  Pulvis  inyrrhae 
compositus — p.  Portland,  Pulvis  Ducis  Portlandi;*? 
— p.  of  Rhubarb,  compound, Pulvis  rhei  compositus 
— p.  Saline,  compound,  Pulvis  salinus  compositus 

—  p.  of  the  three  Sanders,  see  Dhitrium  —  p. 
Scammony  and  aloes,  Pulvis  scammonii  cum  aloe 

—  p.  Scammony,  compound,  Pulvis  scnmmoiii:c 
compositus — p.  of  Senna,  compound,  Pulvis  son- 
naj  compositus — p.  Sneezing,  see  Veratrum  album 
— p.  Spruce  beer,  see  Spruce  beer — p.  of  Sympathy, 
Sympathetic  powder  —  p.   Talbor's,    Cinchona- — 

—  p.  Tcnnant's,  Calcis  chloriduin — p.  Tonquiii, 
Pulvis  cobbii  —  p.  Tooth,  Dentifrice  —  p.  Tra- 
gacanth,  compound,  Pulvis  tragacantbas  compo- 
situs. 

Powder,  Vien'na,  is  composed  of  equal  parts 
of  quicklime  and  potassa  cum  calce.  In  using 
it,  it  is  made  into  a  paste —  Vienna  pa^te,  (F.) 
Cauatique  de  Vienne,  Pate  Cauatique  de  Vienne — 
— with  spirits  of  wine,  and  is  applied  on  the  dis- 
eased part,  previously  circumscribed  by  a  hole 
cut  in  a  sticking  plaster. 

To  be  left  on  from  10  to  20  minutes,  according 
to  the  depth  of  the  eschar  required.  Used  in 
cases  of  lupous  ulceration. 

By  fusing  the  potass  and  lime,  and  raising  the 
heat  so  as  to  cause  ebullition,  the  caustic  may  be 
run  into  cylinders: — when  it  is  called  Cauatique- 
Filhoa,  Coua'ticum  Viennen'se  fuaiini  Filhua,  frum 
the  name  of  the  author  of  the  process. 

Powders,  Castillon,  or  Castilhon,  so  called 
from  the  name  of  the  physician  who  first  proposed 
them.  They  are  formed  of  aaijo,  in  powder ;  sa/ep, 
in  powder;  tra(/acanth,  in  powder,  each,  four 
parts  ;  prepared  oyster-ahelh,  one  part,  cochineal, 
half  a  part,  divided  into  powders  of  one  drachm 
each  ;  one  of  which  is  given  three  or  four  times 
a  day  as  a  demulcent  in  diarrhoea  and  dysentery. 
Dorvault  mriVes  poudre  de  Castilhon  synonymous 
with  arrow  root. 

Powders,  Soda,  Pnl'verea  efferveacen' tea,  (F.) 
Pondres  ffaziferes  simplea.  (Sod(B  carb.  ^ss,  in 
each  blue  paper;  tartaric  acid,  gr.  xxv,  in  each 
tnhite  paper;  for  half  a  pint  of  water.)  A  ])leasant, 
cooling  drink;  taken   during  the  cfi'ervesceiice. 

Seidlitz  Poirdera,  (F.)  Poudres  gazifcrea  la.ra- 
tivea  ou  Poudrea  de  Sedlitz,  contain  one  or  two 
drachms  of  tartrate  of  potassa  and  soda,  added 
to  the  alkali  in  blue  paper. 

POWER,  Faculty  —  p.  Inherent,  Irritability — 
p.  Sensorial,  see  Sensorial — p.  Tonic,  Irritabilitv. 

POX.  Syphilis,  Variola — p.  Chicken,  Varicella. 

Pox  Doctor,  Syphilidiater. 

Pox,  French,  Syphilis — p.  Grease,  see  Grease 
— p.  Horn,  see  Varicella — p.  Noddle,  Svpliiloui!*- 
nia  —  p.  Small,  Variola  —  p.  Swine,  see  Varicella 
— p.  Water,  see  Varicella. 


rOZZUOLI,    MINERAL   WATERS   OF    75  4 


PREDISPOSITION 


POZZUOLI,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Poz- 
zhkH  is  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Naples.  The 
springs  are,  1.  Aqua  della  pietra.  Temp.  91°  Fah. 
2.  Acqiin  di  C<ivalc(fnti,  Temp.  100°.  A.  di  siib- 
veni  h(im!)ii,  Teiup.  102°  ;  A.  del  caiitarello,  Temp. 
86  to  89°;  and  that  of  the  Temple  of  Serapis  in 
Pozzuoli,  Temp.  102  to  107°.  The  last  contains 
carbonic  acid,  carbonates  of  lime,  magnesia,  alu- 
mina, and  iron,  carbonate  of  soda,  chloride  of 
sodium,  sulphate  of  lime,  and  silica. 

PRACTICE  OF  PHYSIC,  Therapeutics. 

PRACTITIONER,  GENERAL,  Surgeon  apo- 
thecary— p.  Irregular,  see  Irregular — p.  Regular, 
see  Regular — p.  Routine,  Routinist. 

PRiE.     In  composition,  means  'before.' 

PR^BIUM,  Dose. 

PR^.CAUTIO,  Prophylaxis. 

PR^CIPITANS,  Absorbent— p.  Magnum, 
Sepia. 

PR^CIPITATUM  ALBUM,  Hydrargyrum 
prreoipitatum. 

PRJECIPITATUS  RUBER,  Ilydrargyri  ni- 
trico-oxydum. 

PR^CISIO  PR^PUTIL  Circumcision. 

PRjECOCIA,  Prunus  Armeniaca. 

PRECOCITY,  Precocity. 

PR^COGNITIO,  Prognosis. 

PRi-ECORD'IA,  from  prce,  and  cor,  cordis, 
'  the  heart.'  The  diaphragm  ;  also,  the  thoracic 
viscera,  and  the  epigastrium. 

Pn^cOR'DiAL  or  PREConniAL  Regton,  Re'gio 
prmcordinca  seu  prtEcordici'lia,  is  the  epigastric 
region.  Also,  and  more  properly,  the  region  of 
the  heart.  A  line  drawn  from  the  inferior  mar- 
gins of  the  third  ribs  across  the  sternum,  passes 
over  the  valves  of  the  pulmonary  artery  a  little 
to  the  left  of  the  mesial  line,  and  those  of  the 
aorta  are  behind  them,  but  about  half  an  inch 
lower  down.  A  vertical  line,  coinciding  with  the 
left  margin  of  the  sternum,  has  about  one-third 
of  the  heart,  comprising  the  upper  portion  of  the 
right  ventricle,  on  the  right,  —  and  two-thirds, 
comprising  the  lower  portion  of  the  right  ventri- 
cle and  the  whole  of  the  left,  on  the  left.  This 
is  the  prfBCordial  region. 

PR^CORDIUM,  Fossette  du  cceur  —  p.  Pedis, 
Metatarsus. 

PRiEGOX  MATURITAS,  Precocity. 

PR^CUSTODIA,  Prophylaxis. 

PR^DIASTOLICUS,  Prediastolic. 

PR^DICTIO,  Prognosis. 

PR^EUISPOSITIO,  Predisposition. 

PR^DIVINATIO.  Mantia. 

PRyEDOMIN'IUM,  from  pros,  and  domo,  domi- 
fiim,  '  I  subdue.'  Predominance  of  one  thing  over 
another. 

PRyKDOMiN'iuM  AqdjE.  A  predominance  of 
watery  fluid,  —  Tenu'kas  aqno'sa. 

PR*D0^fINIUM  San'gitinis  Artkrio'si.  A  pre- 
dominance of  arterial  blood,  Arterios' itaa  aan'- 
guinin. 

Pr^domin'ium  San'guinis  Veno'si,  Venos'itaa 
Sau'giiiuis.     Predominance  of  venous  blood. 

PRiEFOCATIO,  Orthopncea,  Suffocation  —  p. 
Faucium,  Angone — p.  Matricis,  Angone — p.  Ute- 
rina,  Angone. 

PR^FOCATION,  Strangulatio  uterina. 

PR^.FORMATIO,  Preformation. 

PRiEGNANS,  Pregnant. 

PRiEGNAS.  Pregnant. 

PR^GNATIO,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 

PR.EGNATUS,  Fecundation,  Pregnancy. 

PRiEGNAX,  Pregnant. 

PR^(}USTATIO.  Aimnf-gout. 

PR^HENSIO,  Prehensio. 

PRyELIN'GUA.  The  anterior  part  or  tip  of 
the  tonarue. 

PR^LIUM,  Coition,  Press,  Tourniquet— p. 
Arteriale,  Tourniquet. 


PR;ELUMBARTS,  Prelumbar. 

PR.ENOTIO.  Prognosis. 

PR^EXUNTIATIO,  Prognosis. 

PR^PARATIO,  Preparation— p.  Chyli,  Chy- 
lification. 

PRiEPARATUM,  Preparation. 

PR.EPOTEN'TIA,  from  pr(B,  and  jwh-nt, 
'  powerful,'     Great  power  or  strength. 

Ph.45poten'tia  Viri'lis.  Great,  or  too  great 
procreative  power  on  the  part  of  the  male. 

PR.fEPOTIO,  Propoti.Muus. 

PRyEPUTIALIS,  Preputial. 

PRyEPUTlUM,  Prepuce. 

PR.-ESAGIUM,  Mantia. 

PR.^SCIENTIA,  Prognosis. 

PRyESCITIO,  Prognosis. 

PRyESCRIPTIO,  Prescription. 

PR^SCRIPTUM,  Prescription. 

PRvESEPIOLUM,  Alveolus. 

PRiESEPIUM,  Alveolus. 

PR^>SKRVATIO,  Prophylaxis. 

PRyESERVATIVUM,  Amuletum. 

PR^.SERVATO'RIA  INDICA'TIO.  A  pre- 
servative indication  ;  one  proper  for  preventing 
the  develo))nient  of  disease. 

PRiESERVATORIUS,  Prophylactic. 

PR^.SPINALIS,  Prespinal. 

PRyETIBIALIS,  Pretibial. 

PRAIRIE  BUSH,  STINKING,  Ptelca  trifo- 
liata  —  p.  Pines,  Liatris. 

PRASINUM  VIRIDE,  Cupri  subacetas. 

PRASINIIS,  Porraccous. 

P  R  A  S  I '  T  E  S,  from  prasium,  '  horehound.' 
Wine  in  which  the  leaves  of  horehound  have 
been  infused. 

PRASIUM,  Marrubium. 

PRASUM,  Allium  prasum. 

PRAXIS,  Action. 

Praxis  Mkd'ica.  The  practical  exercise  of 
the  healing  art. 

PREASER,  Rennet. 

PRECIPITATE,  RED,  Ilydrargyri  nitrico- 
oxvdum  —  p.  AVhito.  Hydrargyrum  pra>cipitatnm. 

PRECIPITA'TION;  Pr(Fc!p!iu'l!n,  (F.)  Pri- 
cipite,  from  prmcipitare,  prmcipitatiim,  {]>rm,  and 
caput,  'the  head,')  'to  throw  Iteadlong.'  The  ac- 
tion by  which  a  body  abandons  a  liquid  in  which 
it  is  dissolved,  and  becomes  deposited  at  tlie  bot- 
tom of  the  vessel.  The  matter,  so  thrown  down 
or  precipitated,  is  called  a  precipitate. 

PRECIPITATION  BE  LA  MATE  ICE,  Pro- 
cidentia uteri. 

PRECIPITE  BLANC,  Hydrargyrum  praBci- 
pitatum — p.  Noir,  see  Ilydrargyri  pxydum  cinc- 
reum — p.  Oxydnm,  ;?«?•»«,  Ilydrargyri  nitrieo-oxy- 
dum — p.  Rouge,  Hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydum. 

PRECOCITY,  Preco'ciouHnem,  (F.)  Pr(v<,cit(, 
Prmciix  matu'rilas,  Matii'rity  preco'ciouH,  from 
pree,  '  before,'  and  coquere,  'to  cook.'  Rapid  de- 
velopment before  the  usual  time.  See  Proeolia. 

PRECORDIAL,  Preecordial. 

PRECUR'SORY,  PrcBcnrso'riua.  (F.)  Precur. 
seur,  from  pree,  and  ciirro,  ciiraum,  'I  run.'  That 
which  precedes. 

Prkpiir'sory  or  Prkmon'itory  Signs  or  Symp- 
toms, (F.)  Sit/nes  precurscurg  ou  premnnitniren, 
S.  nvnnt  conreurs,  are  those  which  indicate  an 
approaching  disease. 

PREDIAS'TOLIC,  PratdiastoVicun,  from  prtr., 
and  diastole.  That  which  precedes  the  diii.«fole 
of  the  heart, — as  'prediastolic  friction  sound.' 

PREDISPONENT  or  PREDISPOSING 
CAUSES,  see  Causes,  predisponent. 

PREDISPOSIT"ION,  Prmdisposifio.  Semi,,'- 
ia  morlto' rum  (Gaubius)  ;  from  ^^cff,  and  dispo- 
nerc,  dispositum,  'to  dispose.'  (F.)  /wmiuence 
marbide.  That  constitution  or  condition  of  the 
body,  which  disposes  it  to  the  action  of  disease 


PREDORSAL 


TREGNAXCY 


under  the  application  of  an  exciting  cause.  Thus, 
in  hereditary  diseases,  the  conformation  is  such, 
that  but  a  slij^ht  exciting  cause  may  be  required 
to  produce  them.  When  tlie  disease  arises  solely 
from  the  predisposition,  or  under  the  additional 
influence  of  an  extremely  slight  exciting  cause, 
it  is,  by  some,  termed  a  diHponition, 

I'KEDOR'SAL,  PrcB'luma'lis,  from  prcB,  and 
dorsum,  '  the  back.'  That  which  is  in  front  of 
tlie  back. 

Pk.kdorsal  Region  of  the  vertebral  column  is 
the  anterior  surface  of  the  dorsal  region. 
rilE-VORSO-ATLOfDIEN,  Longus  colli. 
PRE-BOltSO-CEliVICAL,  Longus  colli. 
PRE-EXISTENCE    OF    GERMS,   see    Pre- 
formation. 

PREFORMA'TION,  Pra-.forma'tio,  from  prm, 
'before,'  waA  formntin,  'forming.'  An  ancient 
theory  of  generation,  which  maintained  that  the 
germ  of  every  part  exists,  but  not  visibly,  before 
fecundation,  and  that  fecundation  occasions  their 
development.  It  was  the  doctrine  of  pre-exint- 
eiice  of  f/eniia. 

PREG'NANCY,  Prmgna'tio,  PrcBgna'tus,  hn- 
prmi/iKi'tii),  liif/rnvida'ti'i,  from  /jr<B,  and  genere, 
'to  beget;'  Hi/nteroci/e'nis,  Gravid' itas,  G.  nte- 
ri'na,  En'cymoii,  Oi/e'nis,  Eneye'sia,  En'cyaia, 
Eiicynio'si'a,  Gynpho'ria,  Gesta'tion,  Fteta'tion, 
Jugravida'tioii,  Utero-rjeata'tinn  ;  (F.)  Grosaense. 
Tlie  state  of  a  female  who  has  within  her  a  fecun- 
dated germ,  which  gradually  becomes  developed  in 
or  out  of  the  uterus.  When  placed  in  the  cavity  of 
the  uterus, — by  virtue  of  the  vital  principle  which 
animates  it,  it  becomes  attached  to  the  inner  sur- 
face of  that  viscus,  and  obtains  from  it  indirectly 
the  nutriment  necessary  for  its  gradual  develop- 
ment, during  the  space  of  ten  lunar  months  or 
two  hundred  and  eighty  days — the  ordinary  term 
or  duration  a{  ycatatiou,  although  the  period  may 
be  protracted  to  300  days  or  upwards, — at  the 
expiration  of  which  parturition  occurs.  Preg- 
nancy is  commonly  limited  to  a  single  foetus:  at 
times,  the  uterus  contains  two  or  three. — See  Re- 
production. Occasionally,  one  or  two  moles — the 
degenerated  products  of  conception— alone  occu- 
py the  uterus: — at  other  times,  a  foetus  likewise 
exists.  In  certain  cases,  and  owing  to  accidental 
circumstances,  the  fecundated  ovum  remains  in 
the  ovarium,  or  is  arrested  in  the  F;illopian  tube. 
Pregnancy  has,  accordingly,  boL'u  distinguished 
into,  1.  Ndtnral  or  uterine,  when  the  foetus  is 
carried  in  the  cavity  of  the  womb :  and,  2.  Pre- 
ternatural or  extra-uterine,  Er/teta'tion.  Concep'- 
tio  vitio'sa,  Paracye'iia  seu  Ercye'sis,  Ecthyitero- 
cye'sis,  EchthyRterocye'-iin,  Dyato'cia,  Dyaeye'aia 
seu  Gravid' itna  extra-nteri' nn,  (F.)  Gronsi-aae  con- 
tre-nature, — when  it  occurs  in  the  ovarium,  tube, 
or  cavity  of  the  abdomen. 

During  pregnancy,  the  female  experiences  re- 
markable changes  in  the  condition  of  her  organs 
and  functions.  The  genital  apparatus  is,  of 
course,  most  affected.  The  uterus  changes  its 
shape,  situation,  size,  and  texture.  The  usual 
signs  of  pregnancy  are, — suppression  of  the  cata- 
menia;  the  abdomen  grailually  enlari;ing  and 
foruiing  a  hard  tumour:  the  umbilicus  prominent 
in  tlie  latter  months:  the  breasts  increiising  in 
size  :  the  areola  round  the  nipple  becoming  darker 
and  the  follicles  more  developed:  kyestein  in  the 
urine  from  an  early  period;  a  bluish  tint  of  the 
vagina  after  the  fourth  week;  about  the  fifth 
month,  the  evidence  by  haUottemeut,  the  pla- 
cental aouffie,  and  the  sound  of  the  fatal  heart 
heard  on  auscultation  ;  the  motion  of  the  fwtus 
perceptible,  and  the  neck  of  the  uterus  dimin- 
ishing in  length  at  the  advanced  periods. 

PrkgnanTV,  Abdom'iVAI,.  Ecry^'aia  uhdomiiin'- 
li$,    C\elinri/c'aia,   Gravid'itaa  abdoiniiia'fis,    (F.) 


Grnssesae  nhdominale.     That  in  which  the  ovum 
has  escaped  into  the  cavity  of  the  abdomen. 

Pregnancy,  Afce'tal,  Pregnancy  tcilhout  a 
fatua,  (F.)  Groaaeaae  afvetale  ou  sans  fwtna. 
Pregnancy  produced  by  a  fiilse  or  degenerate 
conception,  or  any  other  affection,  which  has 
given  place  to  unusual  development  of  the  uterus. 
Madame  Boivin  includes  in  tliis  class,  sarco-liya. 
teric,  hydro-hyateric,  gazo-hyateric,  and  heinato 
hyateric  pregnancies. 

PllEGNANCr,  Bigkm'inAL,  (F.)  Groaaeaae  higi-- 
minule.  Double  pregnancy.  Pregnancy  in  which 
there  are  twins  in  utero.  —  Madame  Boivin. 

Phegnancy,  Complex,  (F.)  Groaaeaae  com- 
plcxc,  G.  inter-extra  uterine,  is  when  the  womb, 
besides  a  foetus,  contains  much  water,  hydatids, 
a  mole,  <fec. 

Pregnancy,  CoMPOtTND,  Pohjhreph'ia,  P'dy- 
cye'aia,  Polycye'aia,  (F.)  Groaaeaae  compoaec,  is 
when  there  are  two  or  three  foetuses  in  the  cavity 
of  the  uterus. 

Pregnancy,  Double,  Pregnancy,  bigeminal — 
p.  Duration  of,  see  Pregnancy — p.  Extra-uterine, 
see  Pregnancy. 

Pheg'nancy,  False,  Gravid'itaa  spuria,  (F.) 
Groaaeaae  fauaae  ou  npparente,  Paendncye'aia. 
Authors  have  thus  called  different  affections  of 
a  more  or  less  serious  character,  which  resemble 
pregnancy;  so  as,  at  times,  to  impose  upon  the 
best-informed  practitioners.  These  diseases  may 
be  seated  in  the  uterus  or  its  dependencies,  in 
the  intestines  or  some  other  part  of  the  abdomen. 
They  may  be;  —  a  mole,  hydatids,  water,  blood, 
or  polypus  distending  the  parietes  of  the  uterus; 
—  chronic  enlargement  of  the  uterus;  develop- 
ment of  tumours,  &c.,  in  its  substance  ; — scirrhus; 
dropsy  of  the  ovaria;  ascites;  tympanites,  <tc. 

Pregnancy,  Fcetal,  (F.)  Groaaeaae  fietalc. 
Pregnancy  in  which  there  is  a  foetus,  or  more 
than  one,  in  the  uterus  or  out  of  it.  Madame 
Boivin  puts  in  this  class — the  aolitary,  higetuinol, 
tri(/emin(d,  and  aarco-ftt'tal  pregnancies,  which 
form  the  first  order;  and  the  tubal,  orarial,  and 
abdominal,  which  constitute  the  second. 

Pregnancy,  Gazo-hyster'ic,  (F.)  Groaaeaae 
Gazo-hyaterique.  AfiBtal  pregnancy,  caused  by 
development  of  air  or  gas  in  the  cavity  of  the 
womb.  —  Madame  Boivin. 

Pregnancy,  ILemato-hysteric,  (F.)  Groaaeaae 
hrinato-Jtyateriqne.  Afoetal  pregnancy,  caused 
by  accumulation  of  blood  in  the  uterus. — Madame 
Boivin. 

Pregnancy,  IlYnno-nYSTERic,  (F.)  Groaaeaae 
hi/dro-hi/aterique.  Afcetal  pregnancy,  occasioned 
by  the  secretion  and  accumulation  of  serous  fluid 
in  the  uterus. 

Pregnancy,  Interstit"ial,  Gravid'  itaa  in 
vferi  subatan'tid  seu  interatitia'lia.  The  develoj)- 
ment  of  the  embryo  in  the  proper  substance  of 
the  uterus.  The  case  gener:illy  termimites  fatally 
at  an  early  period  of  gestation  ;  the  thin  external 
paries  of  the  uterus  being  ruptured,  anil  the  ovum 
passing  into  the  abdominal  cavity. 

Pregnancy,  .MoRnin,  Paracye'aia,  Dyato'cia, 
Di/acye'aia.  The  proirress  of  pregnancy  disturbed 
or  endangered  by  the  supervention  of  general  or 
local  disorder.  —  Good. 

Pregnancy,  Oya'rian,  (F.)  Groaaeaae  ovnrienne 
ou  de  I'ocaire,  Ecrye'aia  ova'ria,  Oilrioeye'aia, 
Oocye'ais,  Gravid'ilaa  n'teri  seu  extra-uteri'ua  in 
ora'rio.  Pregnancy  in  which  the  foetus  is  de- 
veloped in  the  interior  of  the  ovary. 

Pregnancy,  Plea  of.  A  plea,  which  a  wonmn, 
capitally  convicted,  may  set  up  in  arrest  of  exe- 
cution until  she  is  delivered.  See  Jury  of  Ma- 
trons, and  De  ventre  inspicien<lo. 

Pregnancy.  PuETENn'Kn.  The  crimiml  act 
of  a  female,  who,  not  having  heen  delivered,  pre- 
sents an  infant  as  having  been  born  of  her.     (F.) 


PREGNANT 


756 


TRESCRIPTION 


Supposition  de  part.  (This  term,  in  French, 
likewise  includes  the  case  of  a  female,  who,  hav- 
ing been  delivered  of  a  dead  child,  substitutes  for 
it  a  living  child  which  is  not  hers.) 

Pregnancy.  Sarco-f(etai>,  (F.)  Groesesae  sar- 
co-f'etiile.  Pregnancy  in  which  there  are  one  or 
more  foetuses,  and  one  or  more  moles. — Madame 
Boivin. 

Pri:gnancy,Sarco- Hysteric,  (F.)C)'o»«psse  snr- 
co-hji^teiique.  Afoetal  pregnancy  formed  by  moles, 
hydatids,  or  a  false  conception. — Madame  Boivin. 
Pregnancy,  Sol'itary,  (F.)  Grossense  solitaire 
ou  simple.  Pregnancy  in  which  there  is  a  single 
foetus.  —  Madame  Boivin. 

Pregnancy,  Trigem'inal,  (F.)  Grossense  tri- 
gSminale  ou  triple.  Pregnancy  in  which  there 
are  three  fcetu.ses  in  the  cavity  of  the  uterus. — 
Madame  Boivin. 

Pregnancy,  Tubal,  (F.)  Gropnesse  tvhaire, 
Eecye'sis  titba'lis,  Gravid'itas  tnbit'ria.  Preg- 
nancy where  the  foetus  remains  and  is  developed 
in  the  Fallopian  tube. 

Pregnancy,  Uterine,  see  Pregnancy. 
Pregnancy,  ITtero-abdom'inai.,  (F.)  Grossesse 
ntero-abdomiiiale.     Pregnancy  consisting  of  two 
foetuses;  one  in  the  uterus  — the  other  in  the  ab- 
dominal cavity.  —  Madame  Boivin. 

Pregnancy,  Utero-ova'rial,  (F.)  Grossesse 
iitiro-ovarienne.  Pregnancy  with  two  foetuses, 
one  in  the  womb,  the  other  in  the  ovary. 

Pregnancy,  Utero-tcbal,  (F.)    Grossesse  nte- 
ro-tubaire.     Pregnancy  in  which  there  is  at  the 
same  time  a  foetus  in  the  womb  and  another  in 
^the  Fallopian  tube. 

PREGrNANT,  PrcBffnans,  Prmrinns,  Prmgnax, 
Fetus,  Foetus,  Eucar'pos.  Grav'ida,  Plena  mu'lirr, 
Jnciuc'ta,  Gravid,  Brerdiii;/,  (Old  Eng.)  Benlinij. 
Same  etymon.  (F.)  Encfiute.  One  in  a  state  of 
pregnanev  :  —  one  with  chiM. 

PREHENSIO.  Catalepsy,  Epilepsy. 
PREHBN'SION,  Prehen'si,,,  from  prehendere, 
prehension,  'to  lay  hold  of.'     The  act  of  laying 
hold  of. 

Prehension  of  Food  is  the  act  of  seizing  and 
carrying  it  to  the  mouth,  and  introducing  it  into 
that  cavity.  It  is,  also,  called  Assump'tio,  Pro- 
aiep'sis,  Pros'phora. 

PB^LE,  Hippuris  vulgaris. 
PRELOMBAIRE,  Prelumbar. 
PRELOMBO-PUBIEN,    Psoas   parvus—/). 
Trochnnlin,  Psoas  magnus. 
PRELUM,  Press  —  p.  Arteriale,  Tourniquet. 
PRELUM'BAR,    Pralumba'ris,    (F.)    Prelom- 
haire,  from  pra.,  and    luinbl,  '  the    loins.'     That 
which  is  placed  before  the  loins.     The  prelumbar 
surface  of  the  spinal  column  is  the  anterior  sur- 
face of  the  lumbar  portion. 

PREMfERES  rOfES,  Prirase  viae. 
PREMOLAR,  see  Molar  teeth. 
PREMONITORY,  see  Precursory. 
PRENAN'THES.  Gall   of  the  Earth,  Dewitt 
Snakeroot,  Lion's  Foot.     There  are  many  species 
of  this  indigenous  plant,  whose  root  and  milky 
juice  are  very  bitter.     They  are  used  in  popular 
practice  in  dysentery;  and  in  the  form  of  cata- 
plasm to  bites  of  serpents. 

Prenanthes  Alba,  Nabalus  albus — p.  Serpen- 
taria,  Nabalus  albus. 

PRENDRE INSCRTPTTON,  see  Matriculate. 

PREP AR ATE  (  VETNE),  see  Facial  vein. 

PREPARA'TION,     Pra-pam'tio,    from    prce. 

and  pnrare,  paratnm,  'to  get  ready.'     The  act  of 

making  ready  any  substance  whatever  that  has 

to  be  employed  for  any  purpose. 

Also,  the  product  of  any  pharmaceutical  ope- 
ration ;—  Pratpara'tum. 

Any  part  of  the  human  body,  preserved  for  the 
uses  of  the  anatomist,  is  so  called. 


PREP'UCE,  Prcepn'tium,  Epagn'glum,  Posthl 
Pella,  Pos'thlnm,  Pn'tium,  Foreskin.  The  pro. 
longation  of  the  integuments  of  the  penis,  which 
covers  the  glans.  The  prepuce  is  composed  of 
two  membranous  layers:  one  external  or  cuta- 
neous; the  other  internal  or  mucous,  separated 
by  areoliir  membrane.  The  mucous  ineiiiiirnno 
lines  the  inner  surface  of  the  cutaneous  layer  till 
beyond  the  glans,  when  it  is  reflected  over  ttio 
latter;  forming,  behind  the  corona,  a  small  c\d. 
de-sac  above  the  corpora  cavernosa,  which  is  in- 
terrupted by  a  triangular  duplicature  of  the  nui- 
cous  membrane,  called  the  frcpnum,  fi.\ed  in  tiio 
furrow  at  the  inferior  part  of  the  glans,  ami  ter- 
minating at  a  little  distance  from  the  orifice  nf 
the  urethra.  The  clitoris  is  covered  by  a  semi- 
lunar  fold  formed  by  a  continuation  of  the  skin 
of  the  labia.     It  is  called  Prippu'tium  clitor'idis. 

PREPU'TIAL,  Prcspntia'lis.  Belonging  ..r 
relating  to  the  prepuce;  —  as  the  '  prcjiulial  se- 
cretion,— or  that  which  takes  place  from  tiic  lining 
of  the  prepuce  covering  the  glans. 

PRESBYODOCTIIUM,  Gerocomium. 

PRESBYON'O.SI;  from  Tpcapvi,  'old,'  and 
voaui,  '  disease.'     Diseases  of  old  age. 

PRES'BYOPE,  Presby'tes,  (F.)  Preshytc,  from 
TTpts/ivs,  'old,'  and  wxl/,  'the  e)'e.'  One  who  is 
long-sighted  or  affected  with  presbyopia. 

PRESBYOPIA,  Presbvtia. 

PRESBYO'PIC,  Presbyo'picns,  Preshyt'ic, 
Presby'ticus.  Relating  or  belonging  to  presbyopia 
or  long-sightedness. 

PRESBYSPHACELUS,  Gangrene  of  old 
people. 

PRESBY'TIA,  Presbyo'2>ia,  Amblyo'pia  pmr- 
imo'rum,  Visns  seni'lis,  Pres'byopy,  (F.)  Viie 
lanr/ue  ;  from  nptilivTris,  'an  old  per.'^on.'  A  very 
high  degree  is  termed  Hyperbre^by'tia.  A  con- 
dition of  vision,  common  in  old  persons,  which 
consists  in  the  circumstance  of  near  objects  being 
confusedly  seen,  whilst  those  at  a  greater  dis- 
tance are  clearly  distinguished.  It  is  supposed 
to  depend  generally  on  diminution  of  the  convex- 
ity of  the  cornea;  whence  results  an  alteration  in 
the  convergcncy  of  the  rays,  so  that  they  form  a 
focus  behind  the  retina,  'this  defect  is  remedied 
by  the  use  of  convex  glasses,  which  augment  the 
convergence  of  the  luniinons  rays.  It  is,  also, 
called  Lon</-sif/htedness,  Far-sit/liledness,  Parop'- 
sis  lonf/iu'qtia,  Dyso'pia  proximo' nun. 

PRESBYTIC,'  Presbyopic. 

PRE.SCRIP'TION,  PrcBScrip'tio,  Jnnfi'rnphe, 
from  pro",  and  scribere,  scriptunt,  '  to  write  ;'  For'- 
mnln,  F.  med'ica,  Sihed'ida,  Prmscrip'tuni,  Prce- 
scrij/tio  med'icn,  Recep'tnm,  (F.)  Fornnilc.  Or- 
donnance.  The  formula  which  the  physician 
writes  for  the  composition  of  medicines  adapted 
to  any  case  of  disease.  A  prescription  shoidd  lie 
as  simple  as  possible,  and  should  bear  upon  its 
face  the  evidence  of  the  objects  to  be  fulfilli'il  by 
it.  No  article  should  form  part  of  it,  unless 
adapted  for  serving  some  useful  purpose.  A  com- 
pound prescription  has  been  divided  into  fiiur 
parts:  —  the  /jfco'i  or  principal  inj^rediont  of  the 
prescription  ;  the  ad'juvans,  or  that  which  is  de- 
signed to  promote  the  action  of  the  former:  the 
cor'rif/ens,  or  that  intended  to  correct  its  opera- 
tion, or  obviate  any  unpleasant  symptom  which 
it  may  be  apt  to  produce;  and  the  eonstii'uens, 
e.rcip'iens  or  vehic'uluin,  C'instilu'ent,  Exrij/'iriit 
or  ve'hlcle,  the  substance  which  gives  to  the  other 
ingredients  consistence  or  form.  All  these  arc 
seen  in  the  following  formula  for  cathartic  pills; 

Aloes J5j    Basis. 

Hyd.  Chlorid.  Mit.    gr.  x Adjnrnus. 

Olei  Carui gtt.  V Corri'/ens. 

Syrupi q.  s Constiliicns, 

M.  et  tiant  pilulae  xx.     See  Symbol. 


PRESCRIPTION 


757 


PRESYSTOLIC 


It  is  obvious,  however,  thnt  most  prespriptions 
are  more  simple  thnn  this.  The  basis,  for  exam- 
ple, may  require  neither  adjuvant,  corrigent,  nor 
constituent. 

Dr.  Paris  has  given  the  following  sj-nopsis  of 
the  principles  of  incdicin.nl  combination,  lomntit- 
tiij-{"f<)i/"i<i,  Iifmiit()Hiintttx!nhiii"\n,  Are  form' uhis 
iiied'icaH  cDuriiiii'iii'tli,  which  may  serve  as  an 
instructive  guide  to  the  prcscriber  : — 

OBJECT  I. 

TO  PUOMOTE  THE   ACTION  OF  THE  BASIS. 

A.  By  combining  the  several  different  forms  or 
preparations  of  the  same  nuhstnnpe.  /I.  By  com- 
bining the  basis  with  substances  which  are  of  the 
same  nature;  i.  e.,  which  are  individually  capa- 
ble of  producing  the  same  efTcots,  with  less  ener- 
gy than  when  in  combination  with  each  other. 
C.  By  combining  the  basis  with  substances  of  a 
d!ff<>rent  nntnre,  and  which  do  not  e-xertany  che- 
mical influence  upon  it,  but  are  found  by  expe- 
rience, or  inferred  by  analogy,  to  be  capable  of 
rendering  the  stomach  or  system  more  suscepti- 
ble of  its  action. 

OBJECT  II. 

TO  COlinECT  THE  OPERATION  OP  TITE  BASIS  BY  OB- 
VIATING ANY  UNPLEASANT  EI-TECTS  IT  MIGHT 
BR  MKELY  TO  OCCASION,  AND  WHICH  WOULD 
rRnVERT  Its  INTENDED  ACTION,  AND  DEFEAT 
THE  OBJECT  OF  ITS  EXHIBITION. 

A.  By  chi/nn'cnl!)/  neutralizing  or  mecTtnnicaVy 
separating  the  offending  ingredient.  B.  By  add- 
ing some  suVistance  calculated  to  guard  the  sto- 
mach or  system  against  its  deleterious  effects. 

OBJECT  III. 

TO  OBTAIN  THE  JOINT    OPKDATION  OF  TWO  OR  MORE 
MEDICINES. 

A.  By  uniting  those  medicines  which  are  cal- 
culated to  produce  the  name  nllininte  results,  but 
by  modes  of  operation  totally  different.  /?.  By 
combining  medicines  which  have  entirely  differ- 
ent powers;  and  which  are  required  to  obviate 
different  symptoms,  or  to  answer  different  indi- 
cations. 

OBJECT  IV. 

TO    OBTAIN    A    NEW  AND    ACTIVE    REMEDY,   NOT    AF- 
FORDED BY  ANY  SINGLE  SUBSTANCE. 

A.  By  combining  medicines  which  excite  dif- 
ferent actions  in  the  stomach  and  system,  in  con- 
sequence of  which  Dew  or  macUfied  renuft/i  are 
produced.  Ji.  By  combining  substances  which 
have  the  property  of  acting  c/ii/iin'cnl/i/  upon  each 
other;  the  results  of  which  are: — a.  The  forma- 
tion of  new  compounds  ;  b.  The  decomposition 
of  the  original  ingredients,  and  the  development 
of  the  more  active  elements.  C.  By  combining 
substances,  between  which  no  other  change  is 
induced  than  a  diminution  or  increase  in  the  «o- 
hihUity  of  the  principles  in  which  their  medicinal 
virtues  resiile.  a.  By  the  intervention  of  sub- 
stances that  act  cfn/iiiicaUi/.  h.  By  the  addition 
of  ingredients  whose  operation  is  entirely  me- 
chanical. 

OBJECT  V. 

TO  AFFORD  AN  ELIGIBLE  FORM. 

A.  By  which  the  efficacy  of  the  remedy  is  en- 
hanced, li.  By  which  its  anpert  or  favour  is 
rendered  more  agreeable,  or  its  mode  of  adminis- 
tration more  convenient.  C.  By  which  itis/)je- 
srrred  from  the  spontaneous  decomposition  to 
which  it  is  liable. 

[The  vocabulary  in  the  nnlhor's  "Medical 
Student/'  Philad.,  1844,  will  aid  the  student  not 


only  in  translating,  but  in  writing  bis  prescrip- 
tion? ninre  Ho/ito.l 

PRESENTA'TION,  from  (Lat.)  pra'senn,  (prtu, 
'before,'  and  ens,  entis,  'being.')  The  part  of  a 
foetus  which  is  felt  presentinf/,  on  examination 
per  vor/inain.  When  the  head  presents,  and  es- 
pecially the  vertex,  or  the  feet,  knees,  or  breech, 
the  presentation  is  said  to  be  natural;  when  any 
other  part,  preternatural ;  and  the  labour  is  styled 
perverse  or  preternatural,  Paroflyn'ia  sen  Dys- 
lo'cia  perver'sa,  Cross-hirth,  (F.)  Accouchement 
centre  natnre.  When  any  part  besides  the  head, 
feet,  knees,  or  breech  presents,  the  operation  of 
turning  becomes  necessary.     See  Parturition. 

PRESERVATIVE,  Prophylactic. 

PRESIS,  Swelling. 

PRESLE,  Hippuris  vulgaris. 

PRESMA,  Swelling. 

PRESPI'NAL,  Prcespina'lis,  from  prcB,  and 
»p{na,  'the  spine.'  That  which  is  situate  before 
the  spine.  The  prespinal  surface  of  the  vertebral 
column  is  the  anterior  surface. 

PRESS,  Prce'lhini,  Prce'linm,  Presso'riiim,  Pi- 
ester,  Pieste'n'on,  (F.)  Pressoir,  Presse,  from  ^)!'e- 
mere,  pressvm,  '  to  squeeze.'  An  instrument  for 
subjecting  matters  to  considerable  pressure,  for 
the  purpose  of  separating  th6  liquid  from  the 
solid  portion. 

Press  of  IIerophilus,  Torcular  Ileropbili. 

PRESSE-AllTEllE,  Serre-vceud  de  I)es. 
champs,  Serre-Artere.  An  instrun)ent  invented 
by  Desehamps  for  the  immediate  compression  of 
arteries.  It  is  composed  of  a  plate  six  or  seven 
lines  long,  and  three  broad,  and  of  a  rod  or  stem 
two  inches  long,  placed  perpendicularly  above 
the  plate  and  riveted.  At  each  extremity  of  the 
plate  is  a  hole,  through  which  each  of  the  ends 
of  the  ligature,  to  be  placed  upon  the  artery,  is 
passed.  The  ligature  is  then  to  be  tightened  by 
drawing  the  ends,  and  fixing  them  to  the  perpen- 
dicular rod.  This  presse-artPre  or  serve  arfere, 
surrounded  with  charpie,  remains  in  the  wound, 
until  there  is  no  longer  danger  of  hemorrhage. 
The  ligature  is  then  cut,  and  the  instrument 
withdrawn.     It  is  an  unnecessary  instrument. 

PPESSE-l'PETHIlE,  Jiu/nm  Penis.  A  kind 
of  forceps  of  elastic  iron,  the  branches  of  which, 
padded,  may  be  approximated  or  separated  by 
means  of  a  screw.  The  penis  is  introduced  be- 
tween the  branches,  <ine  of  them  being  applied 
to  the  urethra,  and  the  screw  is  tightened  so  as 
to  exercise  a  degree  of  pressure  sufficient  to  bring 
theparietes  of  the  canal  in  contact.  This  instru- 
ment is  sometimes  used  in  incontinence  of  urine, 
to  prevent  the  constant  discharge  of  that  fluid. 

PRESSIO,  Pressure. 

PRESS/ON  ABDOMINALE,  Pressure,  ab- 
doininal. 

PPlEF!SOIR,  'Press— p.  d'BiropMe,  Torcular 
Heropbili. 

PREPSORTITM,  Press. 

PRESSURE,  Pres'sio.  from  premere,  presaum, 
'to  press.'     The  action  of  pressing. 

Pressure,  Abpom'inal,  (F.)  Pression  ahdomi- 
nale.  A  mode  of  examination  bj'  means  of  which 
the  sensibility,  size,  suppleness,  or  hardmss  of 
any  morbid  abdominal  viscus  may  be  eom)iared, 
in  these  respects,  with  its  healthy  condition. 
Bichat  proposed,  with  the  view  of  exploring  the 
state  of  the  thoracic  organs,  to  exert  a  pressure 
from  below  upwards  on  the  abdominal  organs,  so 
as  to  crowd  them  n])on  the  diaphragm,  and  thus 
to  diminish  the  dimensions  of  the  cavity  of  the 
chest,  noticing  to  what  extent  respiration  was 
affected  by  this  action.  No  great  information 
can  of  course  be  derived  from  it. 

PRESYS'TOLIC,  Prcesystol'icus,  from  pra, 
'before,'  and  systole.     That  which  precedes  the 


PRETENDED   DISEASES 


PRINOS 


contraction  of  the  heart — as  " jpreaystoUc  friction 
sound." 

PRETENDED  DISEASES,  Feigned  diseases. 

PKETIB'IAL.    Pratibid'lio,    from    pros,    and 

tihin.^i\\e  tibia.'     That  wtiich   is  situate  before 

the  tibia;  as  the  ilio-pretibial  and  ischio  pretibial 

muscles. 

PREVENTIVE,  Prophylactic. 
Pueven'tive,  Royal,  from  prcevenire,  prasven- 
tiim,  {prcE,  and  venire,)  Mo  come  before.'  An 
empirical  preparation,  used  as  a  prophylactic 
against  the  venereal  virus.  It  is  a  solution  of 
acetate  of  lead,  —  the  Liquor  Plumbi  Subacetatis 
dilutus. 

PREVER'TEBRAL  APONEURO'SIS.  The 
aponeurosis  which  covers  the  muscles  of  the  pre- 
vertebral region. 

Prevertebral  Arteuy,  (F.)  Artere  preverti- 
hrnlc  ou  meni)i/jieiiue  ^)o«/e)-/e»fe.  A  ramus  of 
the  meningeal  branch,  and  sometimes  even  of  the 
trunk,  of  the  pharyngeal  artery,  which  is  dis- 
tributed to  the  prevertebral  region. 

Prevertebral  Muscles,  see  Cervical  region, 
anterior  —  p.  Region,  Cervical  region,  anterior. 
PRIAPEIA,  Nicotiana  rustica. 
PRIAPIS'COS.  Same  etymon  as  the  next. 
Name  of  a  piece  of  wood  which  forms  part  of  the 
scninintni  Hippoeratieiim.  Paulus  of  jEgina  calls 
thus  a  tent  of  linen  shaped  like  a  penis. 

PRIAPIS'MUS.  Teiiti';/o,  T.  Penis,  Pri'npism, 
Jloni-colic  (vulg. ),  Eiita'sia  Friapin'mns,  lihopa- 
lin'mns,  Sati/ri'nuis,  iSli/iiia,  Sli/sis,  from  Ilpiairo?, 
'  Priapus.'  Constant  and  distressing  erection, 
■without  any  voluptuous  idea  or  desire  for  venery. 
It  is  often  symptomatic;  and  sometimes  the  im- 
mediate result  of  morbific  causes,  —  of  the  action 
of  cantharides,  for  example.  The  application  of 
cold  liquids  to  the  penis,  and  the  internal  use  of 
opium  and  camphor,  are  the  means  usually  had 
recourse  to  for  its  removal. 
PRIAPITIS,  Phallitis. 

PRIA'PUS,  Miitnit'niis.  In  ancient  mythology 
the  deity  who  presided  over  gardens  and  the  parts 
of  generation,  so  called  propter  deformitatem  et 
memhri  virilia  magnitiidinem. 

Priapus,  Penis — p.  Cervi,  see  Cervus — p.  Ceti, 
Leviathian  penis. 

PRICKET,  Sedum  acre. 

PRICKING,  Sax.  ppiccian,  (D.)  pricken, 
(F.)  Pieotetnent.  A  variety  of  pain,  compared  to 
that  which  pointed  bodies  would  occasion. 

PRIDE  OF  CHINA,  Melia  azedarach  — p.  of 
Indiaj,  Melia  azedarach  —  p.  Tree,  Melia  azeda- 
rach. 

PRIDEWEED,  Erigeron  Canadense. 
PRIEST-PHYSICIANS,  see  Asclepiadis. 
PRIEST'S  PINTLE,  Arum  maculatum. 
PRIM,  Ligustrura  vulgare. 
PRIMA   CELLA  COLI,  C.-Ecum. 
PRIMiE    VI^,    (F.)    Premieres   voiea.     'The 
first    paxsiujes.'       The    stomach     and    intestinal 
canal:  —  the   lacteals  being  the  serioi'dffi  j)i'<8  or 
'  secnnd  prixsru/es.'     See  Ways,  digestive. 
PRIMARY  CELL,  see  Cell. 
PIUMEVERE,  Primula  veris. 
PRIMIP'ARA,  Primiprn-tu'riens,   (F.)   Primi- 
prire,  from  primus,  'first,'  and  pnrere,  'to  bring 
forth.'     A  name  given  to  a  female  who  brings 
forth  for  the  first  time. 

PRIMIPARTURIENS,  Primipara. 
PRLMI-STERNAL,  Primi-sternn'Us,  from^n- 
vius,  'the  first,'  and  sternum,  'the  sternum.'     M. 
Beclard  has  called  o«  primi-sterncil  ou  cluvi-ster- 
ttal,  the  bonv  portion  of  the  sternum. 

rRIMIT''I.E,  from  ;hi)»h«,  'first.'  The /rsf 
writers,  or  the  waters  discharged  before  the  ex- 
trusion of  the  ffjetus. 

PRIMITIVE  BAND,  see  Nerve  fibres  — p. 
Streak,  Groove,  primitive. 


PRTJIORDIAL  CELL,  see  CelL 
PRIMORDIUM,  Arche. 

PRIMROSE  EVENING,  (Enothera  biennis 
—  ]).  Tree,  Q'^iiiothcra  biennis. 

PRIMULA  OFFICINALIS,  P.  veris  — p.  Va- 
riabilis, P.  veris. 

PniJi'uLA  Veris,  P.  offiiina'lis  sou  vnriuh'His, 
from  prim'uliis,  'first.'  So  called,  bemuse  it 
flowers  in  the  beginning  of  the  spring.  ]'iriiiH'. 
cuhim,  ParaV jjsis,  llcrba  pariilys'eDS  sou  paralyl'- 
ica,  the  Coivslip,  Paiyil  or  Peiiyle,  I/erb  Peter, 
Polsyioort,  (Prov.)  Cow-striplings,  Cinc-stropple, 
Crewel,  (F.)  Primevere,  Ilerbe  d  la  parali/sie, 
Flenr  de  coucoii,  Oreille  d'onrs,  lirairette  ;  Ord. 
Primulaceaj.  Sex.  Sijsf.  Pentandria  Monogynia. 
The  flowers  have  been  considered  to  be  mildly 
tonic,  antispasmodic,  and  anodyne. 

Primula  Vulga'ris.  The  leaves  and  roots  of 
this  plant  have  boon  used  as  sternutatories. 

PRINCE    ARTHUR'S   FARINACEOUS 
FOOD,  see  Farinaceous. 
PRINCEPS,  Rectum. 

Princeps  Cervi'ois  (Artery)  Cervieal  Artery. 
A  branch  of  the  occipital  artery,  which  dcsccnils 
between  the  splenius  and  complexus  muscles,  and 
may  be  followed  down  to  the  lower  part  of  the 
neck. 

Princeps  Pol'mcis  (Arterin),  Arte'ria  maijna 
j)ol'licis.  When  the  two  collateral  arteries  of  the 
thumb  take  origin  from  a  common  trunk  —  tlio 
trunk  is  the  Prineeps  pnllicis. 

PRINCIPE  CRYSTALLIZABLE  DE  BE- 
ROSNE,  Narcotine — p.  de  la  Melauose,  see 
Choroidea  tunica.  ^ 

PlilNCIPES  IMMEDIATS,  Principles,  im- 
mediate. 

PRINCIPIUM,  Arche,  Element  — p.  Aoidifi- 
cans,  Oxygen — p.  Adstringens,  Tannin — |).  Byr- 
sodepsicum,  Tannin  —  p.  Coriaceum,  Tannin — p. 
Hydrogeneticum,  Hydrogen  —  p.  Hydroticuni, 
Hydrogen — p.  Oxygenans,  Oxygen — p.  Salivale, 
see  Saliva — p.  Scytodepsicum,  Tannin — p.  Uri- 
nosum,  Ilrea. 

PRIN'CIPLE,  COL'OURING,  OF  THE 
BLOOD.  A  name,  given  to  the  immediate  prin- 
ciple in  animals,  to  which  the  blood  owes  its  red 
colour.  It  is  solid,  inodorous,  and  insipid.  AVhcn 
recently  separated  from  blood,  it  has  a  purple-red 
colour.  When  distilled,  it  furnishes,  amongst 
Other  products,  a  purple  oil.  It  is  insoluble  in 
water;  but,  if  diluted  with  that  liquid,  acquires 
a  vinous-red  hue.  It  communicates  a  red  colour 
to  the  albumen  of  the  blood,  and  aff'ords,  on  ana- 
lysis, iron,  to  which  the  colour  has  been  ascribed. 
See  Haiinapha?in,  and  Hajmatin. 

Principle,  Digestive,  Pepsin — p.  Vital,  see 
Vital  principle. 

PRINCIPLES,  IMME'DIATE,  (F.)  Prineipet 
immidiats,  Jfaterianx  imniediats.  A  name  given 
to  a  considerable  number  of  substances,  composed 
of  at  least  three  elements,  and  which  are  obtained 
from  animals  and  vegetables  without  alteration, 
by  simple  processes,  and,  in  some  measure,  im- 
mediately. 

Principles,  Immediate,  op  Animals,  Proxi- 
mate   principles,    Orr/anic    Elements,    Componnds 
of  Orqanizdtion.      These   are   divided    into   acid 
principles,  fatty  principles,  and  principles  which 
are  neither  fat  nor  acid.     The  first  include  the 
vric,  rosacic,  jnirpuric,  allantoic,  caseic,  biityne, 
Ac.     The    fatty  principles  are:  —  stearin,  ela^ 
cholesterin,   &c. ;    and  the  last  division  inclunpa 
the  most  important  compounds  of  organization: 
— fibrin,  e/elatin,  albumen,  casein,  osnanorne,  &C. 
Principles,  Proximate,  P.  immediate. 
PRINOS  (of  the  ancients).  Ilex  aquifolium. 
Prinos,  p.  verlirilla'tns.  Alran'na  major  Ititi- 
fo'lia  denta'ta,  Aquifo'lium  fo'liis  de.cid'nis,  Pri- 
nos Grouo'vii  seu  padifo'lius,  Black  Alder,  Vit' 


PRION 


•59 


PROCESSUS 


giiit'ri  or  Whotled  Whtterherry,  Feverhimh,  (F.) 
Ap'il'ichine  <!  /euillen  de  Pniitier.  Oid.  Aquifo- 
lincese.  Sex.  Sijxf.  Ilexandria  Mono^^ynia.  The 
bark  of  this  coiniuon  shrub  of  the  United  States 
—  Priiios,  (Ph.  U.  S.) — is  astrinj^ent,  bitter,  anil 
pungent.  The  berries  are,  likewise,  bitter.  The 
bark  has  been  used  as  a  substitute  for  the  cincho- 
na, in  interniittents,  and  as  a  tonic. 

Prinos  Glabbr,  see  P.  laevigatus — p.  Gronovii, 
Prinos. 

PniNos  L.«viga'tus,  Smooth  Winterherry,  and 
PiiiNOS  GiyABKii,  Iiikberry.  Indigenous;  have 
the  same  properties  as 

Prinos  Padifolius,  Prinos. 
PRION,  Saw. 

PRIONO'DES,  from  rpiwi/,  'a  saw,'  and  ciho?, 
'shape'  Serra'ted.  Applied  to  the  sutures  of 
the  head. 

PRIOR,  'first,  foremost,'  as 

PlllOR  Anniila'ris,  /itteron'spun  qiinrtim  of 
Winslow.  An  internal  interosseous  muscle  which 
arises  from  the  outside  of  the  metacarpal  bone 
of  the  ring-finger,  and  is  inserted  into  the  outside 
of  the  tendon  on  the  b.ack  of  the  ring-finger. 
Its  use  is  to  draw  the  ring-finger  outwards. 

PllIOH  In'diC'IS,  Exteii'sor  ter'tii  intcrno'dii  iii'- 
di'cii,  (F.)  Soiin  metacarpo-titterl-phdiingien.  It 
arises  from  the  outer  or  radial  side  of  the  meta- 
carpiil  bono  of  the  fore-finger,  and  is  inserted  into 
the  outside  of  the  tendon  on  the  h;ick  of  the  fore- 
finger. Action:  —  to  draw  the  finger  outwards, 
towards  the  thumb. 

PiiioR  I.VDicis  PEniR,  Adductor  Tn'dicin  pediR. 
An  external,  interosseous  muscle  of  the  foot, 
which  arises  from  the  contiguous  sides  of  the 
metatarsal  bones  of  the  great  and  fore  toes,  and 
is  inserted  into  the  inside  of  the  root  of  the  first 
bone  of  the  fore-toe.  Action  :  —  to  pull  the  fore- 
toe  inwards. 

Prior  Mudii,  Prior  medii  digiti. 
Prior  Me'dii  Dio"iti,  Prior  3fedii,  Second 
interoa' neons  of  Douglas.  An  e.vternal,  interos- 
seous muscle  of  the  hand,  which  arises  from  the 
corresponding  sides  of  the  metacarpal  bones  of 
the  fore  and  middle  fingers,  and  is  inserted  into 
the  outside  of  the  tendon  on  the  back  of  the 
middle  finger.  Action:  —  to  draw  the  middle 
finger  outwards. 

Prior  Mkdii  Digiti  Pedis,  Addnctor  medii  di- 
giti pedin.  An  internal,  interosseous  muscle  of 
the  foot,  which  arises  from  the  inside  of  the  me- 
tntarsal  bone  of  the  middle  toe,  and  is  inserted 
into  the  inside  of  the  root  of  the  first  bone  of  the 
middle  toe.  Une  :  —  to  pull  the  middle  toe  in- 
wards, or  towards  the  inner  side  of  the  foot. 

Prior  Min'imi  Dioiti,  Addnc'tor  min'imi  diij"- 
iti.  An  internal,  interosseous  muscle  of  the  foot, 
which  originates  from  the  inside  of  the  metatar- 
sal hone  of  the  little  toe,  and  is  inserted  into  the 
inside  of  the  root  of  the  first  bone  of  the  little 
toe.     Action  :  —  to  pull  the  little  toe  inwvtrds. 

Prior  Tehtii  Digiti  Pkdis,  Addnc'tor  tertii 
di(j"iti  pedin.  An  internal,  interosseous  muscle 
of  the  foot,  which  arises  from  the  inner  and  un- 
der part  of  the  metatarsal  bono  of  the  third  of 
the  small  tops,  and  is  inserted  into  the  inside  of 
the  root  of  the  first  bone  of  the  third  of  the  small 
toes.  Action:  —  to  pull  the  third  of  the  small 
toes  inwards. 

PRTSf,'^.  Rrvffmus,  Trepanning. 
^HI.«?MA,  Scobs. 
T*RYSM[TS,  Brvsmus,  Trepanning. 
PRIVATE   PART.*!,  Genital  organs. 
PRIVET.  Tiigustrnm  vulgare. 
PRIVITIES,  Genital  organs. 
PRIVY,  liigustrnin  vulgare — p.  Members,  Ge- 
nital organs  —  p.  Parts,  (ienital  organs. 

PRO.  itpo,  'before.'  A  common  prefi.K  to  words, 
as  in  Procutarctic,  Prostate,  itc. 


PROAGOREUSIS,  Prognosis. 

PROIjAX(j,  Sponije-probfing,  Detrnso'rium  ex 
hale'na.  Allied  to  probe.  A  long  slender  rod  of 
whalebone,  with  a  piece  of  sponge  at  its  extremity, 
intended  to  push  down  extraneous  bodies,  arrested 
in  the  oesophagus,  into  the  stomach.  A  similar 
iiistrument  is  called  by  J.  L.  Petit,  liepoitssoir 
d' a  relet. 

PROBARBIUM,  Geneias. 

PROBASCANIUM,  Amuletum. 

PROBASCANTIUM,  Amuletum. 

PROBE,  Catheterize,  Specillum— p.  Eyed,  see 
Specillum. 

PROBING,  see  Melosis. 

PROBOLE,  Processus. 

PROCARDIUM,  Scrobiculus  cordis. 

PROCEDE,  Process. 

PROCEDURE,  Procede. 

PROCEPIIALI,  Capitones. 

PROCERUS  NASI,  Pyramidalis  nasi. 

PROVES,  Process — p.  Ciliaires,  Ciliary  pro- 
cesses. 

PROCESS,  Apophysis,  Processus. 

Proc"ess,  Ratio,  (F.)  Procedi,  from  procedere, 
proceisnm,  'to  march  forwards.'  Procedure, — 
method  of  performing  any  operation,  chemical, 
pharmaceutical,  or  surgical. 

Process,  Cunkiform,  Basilary  process  —  p. 
Modelling,  see  Modelling  Process  —  p.  of  Ran, 
see  Malleus  — p.  Vertical  superior  longitudinal, 
Falx  cerebri. 

PROCES'SUS.  A  procesK ;  same  etj'mon ; 
Projectu'ra,  J'rob'ole,  (F.)  Proces.  An  apophy- 
sis or  eminence  of  a  bone;  see  Apophysis.  Also, 
any  part  which  seems  prolonged  beyond  others 
with  which  it  is  in  connexion  ;  as  the  Ci/iary 
jirocesucK, 

Processus  Anconeus,  Olecranon — p.  Annu- 
laris, Pons  Varolii  —  p.  Ascendens,  sec  Maxillary 
bone,  (superior) — p.  Belenoides.  see  Belenoid — p. 
Blumenbachii,  Unciform  process  —  p.  Cau<Iatus, 
Lobulus  caudatus — p.  a  Cerebello  ad  meduUam 
oblongatam,  Corpora  rostiformia — p.  Cerebelli  ad 
pontem.  Peduncles  of  the  cerebellum  —  p.  Cere- 
belli ad  testes.  Peduncles  of  the  cerebellum  —  p. 
Cerebri  lateralis,  Cornu  ammonis  —  p.  Ciliares, 
Ciliary  processes — p.  Clavatus,  see  Funiculi  gra- 
ciles — p.  Cochleariformis,  see  Tympanum — p.  Cu- 
neiformb  ossis  occipitis,  Basilary  process — p.  En- 
siformes,  see  Sphenoid  bone — p.  Enteroidei  cere- 
bri, Convolutions  (cerebral)  —  p.  Falciformis 
cerebelli,  Falx  cerebelli — p.  Falciformis  duraj 
raatris,  Fal.x  cerebri — p.  Frontalis,  see  Maxillary 
bone,  (superior) — p.  Gracilis  of  Ran,  see  Malleus 
—  p.  Laterales  uteri,  Tubse  Fallopianae  —  p.  Ma- 
millares,  Papillaj  of  the  kidney,  Olfactory  nerves 
— p.  Mnmillares  cerebri.  Mamillary  tuliercles — p. 
Mastoideus,  Jlastoid  process — p.  Nasalis,  see 
Maxillary  bone  (superior)  —  p.  Olivaris,  Olivary 
Process  —  p.  Orbicularis  cerebri,  Infundibulum 
of  the  brain  —  p.  Papillares,  Olfactory  nerves — p. 
Papillarum,  Olfactory  nerves  —  p.  Rachidianns, 
Medulla  spinalis — p.  Sterni  xiphoideus.  Xiphoid. 
PiiOCES'sus  Ter'etes,  Eminen'tia;  seu  Fascic'- 
tdi  ter'etes.  Two  slightly  convex  bodies  forming 
the  anterior  wall  or  floor  of  the  fourth  ventricle 
of  the  brain.  They  are  separated  by  a  longitu- 
dinal groove,  which  is  continuous,  inferiorly,  with 
the  sulcus  longitudinalis  posterior  of  the  spinal 
cord.  They  are  crossed  transversely  by  several 
white  and  gray  fasciculi — lineee  tnaisrcr'sif,  itrice 
mednllit'ren  —  the  origin  of  the  auditory  nerves. 

Processus  ad  Testes,  see  Valvula  Vieussenii 
—  p.  Transvcrsus  duriv  matris.  Tentorium  —  ]). 
Uncinatus,  Olecranon,  Unciform  process,  see  Co- 
racoid  process  —  p.  Uvifer,  Uvula — p.  A'entriculi, 
Duodenum  —  p.  Xiphoides,  Xiphoid  cartilage  — 


PROCIIEILA 


CO 


P  R  (E  0  T  I A 


r.  Xipho-stcrnalis,  Xiphoid  cartilage  —  p.  Zygo- 
uiiilicus,  Zvs^omatic  process. 
PROCllkELA,  Anteliibia. 

IMKiCHErLIDION,  Procheilon. 
PHOClIKt'LOX,    ProcheHld'lon,    Pi-oln'hium, 
A'tlcld'hitiiii,  from  pro,  aiicl  ;^£iXo{,   'a  lip.'     The 
f  xtreine  projocting  part  or  margin  of  the  lips. 

PROCIIl'iUMA,  Parenchvina. 

PliOafDENCE  BE  L'iElL,  Exophthalmia. 

PR(3CrDEMTIA,  Pn.lai)sus  —  p.  Ani.  Procto- 
cele— p.  Intestini  recti,  Proctocele — p.  Iridis,  Sta- 
]>hyloma  of  the  Iris — p.  Oculi,  Exophthalmia  — 
]i.  Sedis,  Proctocele  —  p.  Uieri,  Prolapsus  uteri. 

PROCXEME,  Tibia. 

PROCXE.MIUM,  Tibia. 

PROCGS'LIUS,  Pn>cu''h(n,  froin;j)-o,  and  icoiAia, 
'  liolly.'  One  who  has  a  large  pendulous  ab- 
douien. 

PROCrELUS,  Procoelius. 

PROCON'DYLUS.  Trpo<ov<)v\o;,  from  pro,  and 
Kiv^uXoi,  'a  linot.'  The  first  joint  of  the  fingers; 
t  le  second  being  called  kovSvXos;  the  third  licra- 

PROCREATIO,  Generation  — p.  Sanguinis, 
llicrnatosis. 

PROCREATIOX,  Fecundation,  Generation. 
PROC'TAGRA,  from  rrpuicroj,  'anus,' and  aypa, 
'seizure.'     Gout  in  the  rectum.     Proctalgia. 

PROCTAL'GIA,  Prov'ficn  fiimplex,  Proc'tn- 
ijra.  Dolor  aui,  Proctotlyn' in.  from  irpuKroj,  'the 
anus,' and  aXyo;,  'pain.'  Pain  in  the  anus:  ge- 
11  i-rally  symptomatic  of  disease,  as  of  hemorrhoids, 
.'icirrhus,  Ac. 

PuocTALGiA,  Chinesia  —  p.  Iliieniorrhoidalis, 
][;emorrhois  —  p.  Inflammatoria,  Rectitis — p. 
I'ltertriginosa,  Chafing  —  p.  Rheumatica,  Proc- 
torrhenina. 

PROCTATRE'SIA,  Imprr/ora'tlo  aiii,  from 
TTpioKTOf,  'the  anus,'  and  arpriaia,  '  imperforation.' 
Imperforate  state  of  the  anus. 

PROC'TICA,  from  rrpwicrof,  'the  anus.'  Pain 
or  ilerangeraent  about  the  anus,  without  primary 
inflammation.  A  genus  in  the  class  Cieliacn, 
order  Enterica,  of  Good. 

PiiocTiCA  Ex.VNiA,  Proctocele  —  p.  Marisca, 
Jliemorrhois — -p.  Simplex,  Proctalgia — p.  Tenes- 
luns,  Tenesmus. 

PROC TISIS.  Proctitis. 

PROCTI'TIS,  Proc'tish,  Archi'fis,  Chiue'sia, 
Ci/^tio'tlK.  from  npmKTog,  '  the  anus,'  and  itix,  de- 
noting inSamination.  Inflammation  of  the  anus 
anil  rectum.     Rectitis. 

PnocTiTis  Ganoii/E\osa,  Proctocace. 
PROCTOC'ACE,  Proctl'tix  (fniir/rce'nosa,  from 
r  /  jxruj,  '  rhe  anus,'  and  kuko;,  '  evil.'  A  disease 
of  the  rectum,  so  called  by  Fuchs,  which,  accord- 
in'j;  to  hiin.  is  common  in  Peru,  in  the  neighbour- 
h  >od  of  Quito  and  Lima,  on  the  Honduras  and 
M  )squitn  coasts,  in  Brazil,  and  on  the  Gobi  coast, 
&■•:  It  is  called  by  the  Portuguese,  Blcho,  and 
Jli'cho  d!  Onlo  ;  by  the  people  of  Quito,  Mai  del 
V'dle,  fr')m  its  prevalence  in  the  valleys;  and  in 
Africa,  Bitiox  de  Kis.  It  is  an  adynamic,  inflatn- 
luatory  condition,  frequently  ending  in  gangrene. 
It  has  been  attributed  to  bad  food,  and  the  use 
of  spices. 

PROCTOCE'L'R.  from  Trpuicro;,  'the  anus.'  and 
ktX??,  'hernia.'  Prol'tp'aiii  Ani,  Proctopto'mit, 
J'roctopto'nin,  Procto'sis,  Hedrocc'le,  Arrhenpto'- 
iii'i,  Arch ecpto' inn.  Arrhnpto'ma,  Archeoee'le,  Ar- 
c!iopto'«ii,  Ern'iiia,  HcBmor' rhois  proce'dens  seu 
ah  exn'nid.  Prociden'tlit  Ani  seu  intenti'ni  recti 
peu  sedin,  Ecto'pin  Ani,  Seden  procid'na,  Fallinff 
down  of  the  Fiuid'iiiient,  Coming  down  of  the 
Body,  (F.)  Chute  dn  rectnm,  C.  da  Fondement, 
It'oniemement  dn  rectum.  Inversion  and  prolapse 
of  the  mucous  coat  of  the  rectum,  from  relaxation 
of  the  sphincter,  with  more  or  less  swelling.  In 
the  treatment,  the  application  of  cold  water  and 


astringent  lotions  must  be  recommended:  nnd 
if  other  means  fail,  one  of  the  radii  of  skin,  which 
converge  at  the  anus,  may  be  snipped  ofl".  On 
cicatrizing,  the  verge  of  the  anus  will  bo  con- 
tracted, and  the  cure  probal)ly  complete.  In  the 
way  of  palliation,  the  parts  may  be  retained  by 
an  appropriate  bandage. 

PROCTOCYSTOTOMIA,  sec  Lithotomy. 
PROCTODYNIA,  Proctalj^ia. 
PROCTON'CUS,    from    TTfiotroi,    'anu.s,'    nnd 
oyKiia,  '  swelling.'     Swelling  of  tlie  anus. 

PROCTOPARAL'YSIS,  Pn^dophUjia,  PnmV. 
ysit  Intesti'ni  Recti,  from  ttpuktos,  'the  anus,' and 
^apaXvaii,  'paralysis.'  Paralysis  of  the  muscles 
of  the  rectum. 

PROCTOPLEGIA,  Proctoparalysis. 
PROCTOPTOMA,  Proctocele. 
PROCTOPTOSIS,  Proctocele. 
PROCTORRIIAGIA,  ILcmorrhoidal  flux. 
PROCTORRIIEU'MA,   from    Trpu-cros,    'anus,' 
and  pcu/<fi.  'defluxion.'     Rheumatism  of  the  anus. 
PROCTOllRIIOi'A,  from  irfii^sKTou  'the  anus,' 
and  pcd),  'I  flow.'     A  discbarge  of  blood  or  slime 
from  the  anus.     See  Ilaemorrhois. 
PROCTOS,  Anus. 
PROCTOSIS,  Proctocele. 
PROCTOSPASMIIS,  Tenesmus. 
PROCTOSTENOSIS    ORGANICA,    Stricture 
of  tlie  rectum. 

PROCTOTOREU'SIS,  from  jrpw/cr»5,  'anus,' 
and  TOjtvtiv,  '  to  perforate.'  Perforation  of  a  closed 
anus. 

PROCTUS,  Anus. 

PROCURATIO  ABORTUS.  The  promotion 
o.f  abortion. 

PRODIAGNO'SIS,  from  pro,  and  dia/pinnia. 
Prognostication  of  a  disease  to  come, — a  diag- 
nosis bv  anticipation. 

PROD'ROMIC,  Prodrom'icux,  (F.)  Prodro. 
mifjue.  Same  etymon  as  the  next.  Relating,  or 
beloniring,  to  the  prodromus  of  a  disease. 

PROb'ROMUS.  Propath'iii,  from  pro,  and 
ipoiMi,  'course,'  (F.)  Prodrome.  Sla'diitm  op- 
portnnitn'tis  seu  prodromo'rnm  ;  in  contagious 
diseases,  Sta'dium  Inten'tis  contn'gii.  The  period 
immediately  preceding  an  attack  of  disease;  in 
which  the  preeurHory  eir/iii  occur. 

PROD'UCT,  frotri  prodncere,  prodnctum,  {pro, 
and  dncere,  '  to  lead,')  •  to  bring  forth.'  (F.)  Pro- 
diiit.  The  result  sought  to  be  attained  by  any 
pharmaceutical  operation. 

PRODUCTIO,  Prolapsus— p.  Uvula;  \  pituita, 
Staphvlnedema. 

PRODUC'TIOX,    Prodnc'tio;    same   etymon. 
This   word    is    used,  especially   by    the   French, 
synonymously  with  prohnujntion.     The  mesentery 
is,  in  this  sense,  a  production  of  the  peritoneum. 
PRODUCTION  ACCIDENTELLE.    An  ac- 
cidental or  adventitious  structure. 
PRODUCTIVITAS,  Fecundity. 
PROntlTT,  Product. 

PROEGUMEXiE  CAUS^,  Causes,  predispo- 
nent. 

PR(ELTUM,  Press,  Tourniquet. 
PRORM'TXEXT,  Proem' in  ens,  from  pro,  and 
eminere,  'to  project.'  Some  anatomists  call  the 
7th  cervical  vertebra  the  proeminent  vertebra,  on 
account  of  the  length  of  its  spinous  prncces, 
which  passes  the  level  of  that  of  the  neighbour- 
in<T  vertehrpR. 

'PROEXCEPrrALUS,(F.)  Proencephfde  ;  from 
pro,  and  £y/cc0aXof,  '  encephalon.'  A  monster, 
whose  encephalon  is  situated,  in  a  great  measure, 
out  of,  and  in  .advance  of,  the  cranium,  which  is 
open  in  the  frontal  region. 

PRCEOT'IA,  Pro'iote.H,  Tzputorvf  or  rpoioTt)!, 
from  TTp'Ji,  ' early.'  'Precocity.'  Prmrox  tnnlu'. 
rit'iH,  Preeo'eiouD  mntn'rity.  Premature  develop- 
meat  of  sexual  organization  or  power. —  Good. 


PROFLUVII   CORTEX 


7G1 


PROLES 


PROFLUVII  CORTEX,  Ncriuin  antidysente- 
rieuin. 

PROFLU'VIUM,  Discharge,  Fliixiio,  Polijr- 
rhie'ii,  t'hij-  ;  from  projlno,  (pro,  &i\A  Jlxw,)  'I  flow 
furlli.'  A  term  umlcr  which — in  the  jjlural,  Pro- 
Jlii'i'id,  P<ifi/i:riiio'iieii  —  some  nosologists  have 
comprised  till  morbid  discharges  or  flaxes:  — 
others,  increased  excretions  attended  by  (ever. 

PiioiM.uvii'M  Alvi,  Diarrhoea — p.  Genitale  mu- 
liebrc.  Menses — p.  Mucosum  urethrie,  Gonorrhoea 

—  p.  Miiliel)re,  Leucorriioea,  Menses  —  p.  Sangu- 
inis, llajiuorrhagia — p.  Sanguinis  e  Ilenibus,  Ne- 
phrorrhagia — p.  Sanguinis  ex  Ore,  Stomatorrhagia 

—  p.  Sanguinis  ex  Utero,  Metrorrhagia  —  p.  Se- 
minis,  Pollution  —  p.  Ventris,  Diarrhoea. 

PRO  FOND,  Profundus. 

PKOFUN'DUS,  {pro,  awl  fiindnH,  'bottom.') 
AIlM,  'having  a  deep  base.'  (F.)  Prnfoiid.  A 
name  given  to  diff"erent  parts,  which  are  seated 
profoundly  as  regards  others. 

Pfu)Fiini)\  Aktk'ri.v  Fem'oris,  A.  vnnta poKte' - 
rior  seu  iiiioiciild'rin  fetn'oris,  Ai-tere-grande  mim- 
ciiltilre  de  la  cnisKe.  (Ch.)  This  large  brancii 
arises  commonly  from  the  posterior  part  of  the 
crural,  between  the  pubis  and  lesser  trochanter. 
It  descends  deeply,  situate  before  the  adductors; 
passes  through  the  third  adductor  above  the 
opening  in  it  for  the  trunk  of  the  femoral  ;  and 
terminates  in  the  short  portion  of  the  biceps. 
The  miiHrularin  pro/niida  gives  off,  1.  The  external 
circHiiiflex :  2.  The  internul  circumjlex  :  and,  3. 
The  three  per/oraiilca. 

Pkofunda  AiiTK'itiA  IIu'meri,  p.  siipe'n'or, 
Arte'ri'ii  splra'th,  (P.)  Arlere  humh'ale  profoude, 
A.  ciiUiitenile  extente,  Grand  mnnculnire  dii  bras, 
(Ch.)  Its  origin  is  variable.  When  it  arises  from 
the  brachial  artery,  it  is  given  off  opposite  the 
groove  of  the  humerus  destined  for  the  radial 
nerve,  and  descends  backwards  between  the  three 
portions  of  the  triceps,  accompanied  by  the  nerve; 
giving  bratiches  to  that  muscle  and  to  the  hume- 
rus. When  it  reaches  the  posterior  part  of  the 
b  jne,  it  divides  into  two  branches,  wliich  are  dis- 
tributed to  the  triceps,  supinator  longus,  &c. 

PuoFi'NDA  AiiTEitrA.  Inferior  seu  Minor  is 
often  a  branch  of  the  last;  but,  commonly,  is 
given  off  from  the  brachial,  near  the  middle  of 
the  arm.  It  gives  off  branches  to  the  muscles, 
4c.,  about  the  inner  side  of  the  os  humeri.  It 
is,  also,  called  large  coinmnnicatiny  ulnar  or  pro- 
fundo-nhirir. 

Profunda  Arteria  Penis.  Chaussier  has 
given  this  name  to  the  cav'emoun  ar'teri/.  which 
arises  from  the  artery  of  the  penis,  furnished  by 
the  internal  pudic. 

Profunda  Autkria  Superior,  Profunda  hu- 
meri. 

Certain  muscles  are  distinguished  by  the  names 
profound  or  deep-sealed,  and  atiperfifiid.  Thus, 
wo  speak  of  the  anperjicial  and  deep-seated  mus- 
cles of  the  neck,  &e. ;  the  Flexor  profundus  per- 
forann,  (fee. 

PROFUSIO.  Ilicmorrhagia. 

Propusio  Aqu.«.  The  discharge  or  breaking 
of  the  waters  at  birth. 

Propusio  Sanguinis,  Ilneraorrhagia — p.  Sc- 
ininis,  Ejaculation  —  p.  Subcutanea,  Purpura 
("implex. 

PROdAS'TOR,  from  pro,  and  yaarnp,  'belly.' 
One  who  has  a  iiendulous  belly. 

PROOF XIES.  Epigone. 

PROOENY,  Epigone. 

PROOLOS'SIS,  from  pro,  and  ■y'Xia<T<xn,  'the 
tongue  :'  Apex  limjucp..  The  extremity  or  tip  of 
the  tongue. 

PRO(iNA'TIIOUS,  from  pro,  and  yvaOos.  'the 
jaw.'  Having  a  projecting  jaw.  A  term  applied 
tu  the  form  of  tho  head  iu  which  there  is  a  pro- 


longation or  forward  extension  of  the  jaws,  as  in 
the  negro. 

PROGNO'SIS,  Pro'dgoreu'sis,  Prorrhe'sis, 
Pr(B<o'jni't"io,  Prognos'tice,  Pripno'tio,  Preeniin- 
tia'tioyPrcBieien'tia,  PrcBScit"io,  Pronve'a,  Propll'- 
(tsis,  Pradic'tio,  (F.)  Prognostic,  Pninontic,  from 
pro,  and  yvwais,  '  knowledge.'  A  judgment  formed 
by  the  physician  regarding  the  future  progress 
and  termination  of  any  disease. 

Prognosis,  Gkneral.  The  opinion  formed 
of  a  disease  in  the  abstract.  Thus,  the  Gene- 
ral prognosis  of  Ci/nanche  tonsillaris  is  favour- 
able ; —  of  Phthisis  pidinonalis,  unfavourable, 
&o. 

Prognosis,  Particular.  The  opinion  formed 
of  any  particular  case  of  disease,  'iihe  particular 
prognosis  of  one  case  of  tyjjhus,  for  example,  may 
be  favourable,  whilst  that  of  another  may  be  un- 
favourable. 

Prognosis  ex  Lingua,  Glossomantia. 

PROGNOSTIC,  Prognosis. 

PHOGN'OSTIOE,  Prognosis. 

PROGRESSIO,  Augmentation. 

PROGRESS/ON,  Walking. 

PROGRESSUS,  Augmentation. 

PUOIOTES,  PrsBotia. 

PHO.JECTURA,  Process. 

PROLAUIUxM,  Procheilon. 

PROLAP'SUS,  from  prol<d>or,  prolapsus,  (pro, 
and  labor,  lapsus.  '  to  slide,')  '  I  slip  down.'  Pro- 
cideii'tia,  Delap'sio,  Di:l<ip'sus,  Hi/por'  rliysis, 
Propto'iJia,  Propto'sis,  Prodnc'tio,  Propenden'tia, 
Proniinen'tia,  Ptosis,  Casus,  (F.)  Chute;  a  pro- 
trusion; a  falling  down.  A  genus  of  diseases  in 
the  class  Locales  and  order  Ectopice  of  Cullen, 
distinguished  by  the  falling  down  of  a  part 
through  the  orifice  with  which  it  is  naturally 
connected. 

Prolapsus  Ani,  Proctocele  —  p.  Bulbi  oculi, 
Exophthalmia  —  p.  Corne;i},  Staphyloma  of  the 
cornea — p.  Iridis,  Ptosis  iridis — p.  Linguae,  Glos- 
socole,  Paraglossa  —  p.  Gisophagi,  Pharyngocele 
—  p.  Palpebraj,  Blepharoptosis  —  p.  Pharyngis, 
Pharyngocele— p.  Umbilici,  Exoinphalus. 

PllOLAPSUS  U'teri,  Exome'tra,  Metropto'sis, 
Metropropto'sis,  Orthi/steropto'sis,  Orthi/steropto'- 
nia.  Falling  dou^n  of  the  womb,  JEdopto'sis  seu 
Prociden'tin  u'teri,  Hi/steropto'sis,  Hi/steroce'le 
nnda,  (F.)  Abaissement  ou  Chute  on  Desceute  OU 
Precipilatio)!  de  la  niatrice.  Some  use  the  term 
'  Procidentia  Uteri'  for  a  minor  degree  of  the 
affection  than  prolapsus  :  —  Relaxatiu  uteri  ex- 
pressing the  slightest  state  of  all.  A  falling  down 
of  the  uterus,  owing  to  relaxation  of  the  parts 
about  the  utero-vaginal  region.  In  the  treat- 
ment, the  horizontal  posture  must  be  insisted 
upon  ;  the  injection  of  astringent  substances  per 
vaginam  be  advised  ;  and  if  the  affection  be  not 
remedied  by  these  means,  a  pessary  may  be  em- 
ployed as  a  palliative,  or  the  operation  of  Episi- 
orraphi/  be  performed. 

Prolapsus  Uvul^,  Staphylnodem.a, 

Prolapsus  Vagi'n.e,  Hijsieropto'sis  seu  Pro- 
lapsus uEdoptosis  Vagina!,  Coleopto'sis,  Colpop- 
to'sis,  Elijtropto'sis  —  Protrusion  of  the  upper 
part  of  the  vagina  into  the  lower.  This,  like  the 
descent  of  the  uterus,  may  be  relaxation,  proci- 
dentia, prolapsus,  or  complete  inversion. 

Prolapsus  Vesica,  Exocyste. 

PROLECTA'TIO  ;  from  pro,  and  legere,  he 
tun),  'to  gather.'  Action  of  separating  the  finer 
parts  of  a  body  from  the  grosser. 

PROLEP'TICS,  Prolep'tice,  from  pro,  and 
Xri;i/?(iia),  '  I  seize  hold  of.'  A  term  proposed 
by  Dr.  Laycock  to  signify  the  art  and  science  of 
predicting  in  medicine. 

PROLEPTICUS,  Anticipating. 

PROLES,  Epigone. 


TROLICIDE 


62 


PROSOrANTRITIS 


PROL'ICIDE,  Prolictd'iiim,  from  proles  (pro, 
and  olescere,  'to  grow,'),  '  ofl'spiing,'  and  cadere, 
'to  kill.'  Destruction  of  ofi'spring  :  a  term  which 
includes  fnetioidc  as  well  as  infanticide. 

PROLIF'IC,  ProN/'icus,  (P.)  J'roUfique,  from 
proles,  '  ofi'spring,'  and  f(.tcio,  '  I  make.'  That 
which  has  the  faculty  of  engendering.  Applied 
to  uian,  and  animals,  and  to  their  sperm  or  seed; 
as  well  as  to  remedies,  which,  by  strengthening 
the  genital  organs,  increase  the  secretion  of 
sperm. 

PROLIG"EROUS,  Pro'lfger,  ProUg^'erns, 
from  proles,  '  oflspring,'  and  gero,  '  I  carry.'  That 
■which  is  connected  with  carrying  the  offspring. 

Proligekous  Disc  or  Layer,  Discus  prolu/"- 
eriis  seu  vitell'inus.  Stratum  prolig"eriini,  Gonos- 
tro'ma,  (F.)  Disqiie  proligerc.  A  granular  la3'er, 
situate  generally  towards  the  most  prominent 
part  of  the  ovarian  vesicle,  in  the  centre  of  which 
the  true  ovum  or  ovule  exists. — Von  Baer. 

PROLONGEMENT  liACHIDlEN,  Medulla 
spinalis  —  p.  Smis-dcci-jiital,  Basilar}'  process. 

PK0MALACTE'RIUM,froni7«-o,and/iaAa£r<ru, 
'I  soften.'  The  room,  in  the  ancient  gymnasium, 
in  which  the  body  was  softened  and  anointed. 
One  of  the  operations  in  bathing. 

PROM  AN  US,  see  Digitus,  Pollex. 

PHOMETOPIDIA,  Frontal  bandages. 

PROMETO'PIS,  Pronietopid'ioH,  from  2)ro, 
and  iitTu>i:ov,  '  the  forehead.'  The  skin  of  the  fore- 
head. 

PROMINENTIA,  Prolapsus,  Protuberance  — 
p.  Annularis  Cerebri,  Pons  Varolii  —  p.  Corneae, 
Ceratdcele  —  p.  Ossis  Continua,  Apophysis. 

PROMINENTIiE  ALBICANTES,  Mammil- 
lary  tubercles — p.  Semiovalos  Medullas  Oblonga- 
ta, Corpora  olivaria. 

PROMONTOIRE,  Proinontorium. 

PROMONTOUIUM,  Promontory  —  p.  Faciei, 
Nasus  —  p.  Ossis  Sacri,  see  Sacrum. 

PROM'ONTORY,  Promonto'rium,  (F.)  Pro- 
mnutoire  (from  pro  and  mons,  motitis,  'a  moun- 
tain,') seu  Tiihcr  seu  Tidiems' itas  2\i/ii>'paiii.  A 
small  projection  at  the  inner  paries  of  the  cavity 
of  the  tympanum,  which  corresponds  to  the  ex- 
ternal scala  of  the  cochlea,  and  especially  to  the 
outer  side  of  the  vestibule. 

Promontory  of  the  Sacrum,  see  Sacrum. 

PRONATEUR  CARRE,  Pronator  radii  qua- 
dratus — p.  Grand  ou  rond.  Pronator  radii  teres — 
p.  Petit,  Pronator  radii  quadratus. 

PRONA'TION,  Proiia'tio,  from  pronus,  'in- 
clined forwards.'  Anatomists  understand,  by 
pronation,  the  motion  by  which  the  inferior  ex- 
tremity of  the  radius  passes  before  the  ulna,  and 
thus  causes  the  hand  to  execute  a  kind  of  rotation 
from  without  inwards. 

PRONA'TOR.  That  which  produces  the  mo- 
tion of  pronation.  This  name  has  been  given  to 
two  of  the  muscles  of  the  forearm. 

Pronator  Obliquus,  P.  radii  teres — p.  Qua- 
dratus, P.  radii  quadratus. 

Pronator  Ra'dii  Qwabra'tus,  P.  quadratus 
seu  traiist<ers'us  (Winslow)  seu  radii  brevis  seu 
radii  quadratus  (Cowper),  Quadratus  ra'dii,  (P.) 
Cuhito-radial  (Ch.),  Petit  ou  carre  pronateur. 
This  muscle  is  situate  at  the  anterior,  inferior, 
and  profound  part  of  the  forearm.  It  is  flat  and 
square,  and  is  attached,  within,  to  the  inferior 
quarter  of  the  anterior  surface  of  the  ulna  ;  and, 
without,  to  the  inferior  quarter  of  the  anterior 
surface  of  the  radius.  It  produces  the  motion 
of  pronation. 

Pronator  Radii  Teres,  P.  feres  sive  obli'quus 
(Winslow),  (F.)  EpitrocMo-radial  (Ch.),  Grand 
ou  r<))td  pronateur.  A  muscle  seated  at  the  upper 
and  anterior  part  of  the  forearm.  It  is  long,  flat, 
and  larger  above  than  below.  It  is  attached, 
above,  to  the  inner  tuberosity  of  the  humerus  and 


to  the  coronoid  process  of  the  ulna.  Thoncc  it 
passes  obliquely  downwards  and  outward.-!,  and 
terminates  at  the  middle  of  the  outer  surface  of 
the  radius.  It  causes  the  radius  to  turn  on  the 
ulna,  to  produce  the  motion  of  pronation.  It 
can,  also,  bend  the  forearm  on  the  arm,  and  con- 
versely. 

Pronator  Teres,  P.  radii  teres. 

PRONAUS,  Vestibulum. 

PRONERVATIO,  Aponeurosis,  Tendon. 

PRONCEA,  Prognosis. 

I'll  OX  OX  CI  A  TION,  Pronunciation. 

PROXOSTIC,  Prognosis. 

PRONUNCIA'TION,  Proiium-ia'tio,(Y.)  Pro. 
nonviation,  from  pro  and  tiunriare,  '  to  tell.'  The 
mode  of  articulating  or  giving  accent  or  utterance 
to  words. 

PROPATHIA,  Prodromus. 

PROPENDENTIA,  Prolapsus. 

PROP'ERTIES,  PHYSICAL,  OF  THE  TIS- 
SUES. These  are  flea^ibility,  extensibility,  elas- 
ticity, racornissement  and  inibihitioti. 

Properties,  Vital.  Those  which  depend  upon 
the  vital  force,  as  contractu' ity. 

PROPllASIS,  Prognosis. 

PROPHYLACTIC,  Prophylae'ticus,  Diaphj. 
lac'tic,  Diasus'lic,  Synteret'icus,  PrcBservolu'riiis, 
(F.)  P]-ojjIiylactique,  from  pro,  ixnd  (pvXaaaui,  'I 
defend.'     A  preservative  or  jireventive. 

PROPHYLACTIC  MEDK^INE,  Hygiene. 

FROFnYL  AX'lS,Prop}iyl'a(:e,Proplryl<ic'tice, 
Syntere'sis.  Same  etymon.  Praserva'tio,  Prce- 
cau'tio,  Prcecusto'dia.  Preservative  or  preventive 
treattntmt. 

PROP'OLIS,  from  pro,  and  jroXif,  'city  ;'  lite- 
rally, '  that  which  is  before  the  city.'  Ceranthe'- 
mus,  Commo'sis,  Bee-bread.  A  red,  resinous  mat- 
ter, with  which  the  bees  cover  the  bottom  of  the 
hive.    Its  fume  has  been  esteemed  antiasthmatic. 

PROP'OMA,  from  pro,  and  7ro/ia,  'a  drink.' 
Ancient  name  of  a  medicine,  composed  of  seven 
parts  of  honey  and  four  of  v^ine.  It  was  drunk 
before  a  meal. — Paulus  of  jEgina. 

PROPORTIO,  Symmetry. 

PROPOSITUM,  Intention. 

PROPOTISMA,  Mistura. 

PROPOTIS'MUS,  7rpoTori<T/iOf.  Same  etymon. 
Prcepo'tio.  An  ancient  name  for  medicines  which 
were  given  to  the  patients  before  purging  them, 
and,  in  some  sort,  to  prepare  them. 

PROPRIUS  AURIUS  EXTERNiE,  Retrahens 
auris. 

PROPTOMA,  Prolapsus. 

Proi'To'ma  Auricula'rum,  Parmsthe'sisaudi'- 
tAsJlacca,  Flap  Ear.  Lobe  of  the  ear  broad, 
loose,  and  pendent  from  birth. — Good. 

Proptoma  Scroti,  Rachosis. 

PROPTOSIS,  Prolapsus  —  p.  Palpcbrae,  Ble- 
pharoptosis  —  p.  Uvula;,  Staphyloedcma. 

PROPTYSIS,  Expectoration. 

PRORA,  Occiput. 

PRORRHESIS,  Prognosis. 

PRORUPTIO  SANGUINIS,  Ilsemorrhagia. 

PROS,  Ttpoi.  In  composition,  this  prefix  gene- 
rally signifies  'in  addition  to,'  'over  and  above,' 
'  besides.' 

PROSARTIIROSIS,  Diarthrosis. 

PROSBOLE,  Impression. 

PROSCHYSIS,  Affusion. 

PROSCOLLESIS,  Adherence,  Agglutination. 

PROSECTEUR,  Dissector. 

PROSECTIO.  Anatomy. 

PROSECTOR,  Dissector. 

PROSLEPSIS,  Prehension. 

PROSODOS,  Aditus. 

PROSOPALGIA,  Neuralgia,  facial. 

PROSOPANTRA,  Frontal  sinuses. 

PROSOPANTRPTIS,  from  lirosopanlra,  the 


PROSOPARALYSIS 


7  63 


PROTEINOUS 


frontal  sinuses,  and  iti's,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflatnniation  of  the  frontal  sinuses. 

IMlOSOPARALYSrS.  Palsy,  Bell's. 

PROSO'PIS  DULCrS,  Ord.  Leguininosaj.  A 
tree  of  rullier  large  size,  native  of  Peru.  The 
fruit  —  Fac<i}j  —  is  a  pod,  from  20  to  24  inches 
long,  containing  black  seeds  imbedded  in  a  white, 
soft,  flaity  sulistance;  which  last  is  eaten  by  the 
Linienos  with  pleasure. — Tschudi. 

PROSOPODYNIA,  Neuralgia,  facial. 

PROSOPODYSMOR'PHIA,  from  irpoai^nov, 
'  the  face,'  iv{, '  with  difficulty,'  and  fiop^ri,  •  shape.' 
Malformation  or  atrophy  of  the  face,  —  as  where 
the  jirocess  of  nutrition  suffers  from  diminished 
nervous  influence. 

PROSOPOLOGIA,  Physiognomy. 

PROSOPOMANTIA,  Physiognomy. 

PROSOPON,  Face. 

PROSOPORRIIEU'MA,  Rheumath'mua  fa'- 
ciei,  from  tt/joo-utov,  'face,'  and  pti'fia,  '  defluxion,' 
'  rheumatism.'     Rheumatism  afl'ecting  the  face. 

PROSOPOSrS,  Physiognomy. 

PROSOPOSPASMUS,  Canine  Laugh. 

PROSOPOSTERNODYMIA,  see  Cephaloso- 
inatodymia. 

PROSPERITAS  VALETUDINIS,  Sanitas. 

PROSPIIORA.  Prehension. 

PROS'PIIYSIS,  A<liiai«;;,'t!a,  CoalW'io,  'ad- 
hesion, adherence,  connexion,'  from  pron,  and 
0UU,  '  I  grow.'  In  a  more  limited  sense,  this 
word  means  morbid  adhesion  of  the  eyelids, 
either  between  themselves,  or  with  the  globe  of 
the  eye;   Aiil,i/loble/)Ji'<ir<>ii. 

PROS'TASIS,  wpocrraais,  from  irpo,  and  araats, 
'station,'  'superiority,  prepondeniuce ;'  san)e 
etymon  as  Primlcde.  A  predominance  or  abun- 
dance of  excreiuentitious  humour. — Hippocrates. 

PROSTATA,  Prostate  — p.  Adenoides,  Pros- 
tate—  p.  Bartholini,  Cowper's  glands  in  the  fe- 
male— p.  Glandula,  Prostate — p.  Muliobris,  Cow- 
per's srlands  in  the  female. 

PROSTATyE,  Prostate  — p.  Adenoides,  Pros- 
tate—p.  Glandulosa>,  Prostate. 

PROSTATAL.  Prostatic. 

PROSTATA L'GIA,  from  irpoffrara,  'the  pros- 
tate,' and  uAyoj,  'pain.'     Pain  in  the  prostate. 

PROSTATAUXE,  Prostatoparectasis. 

PROSTATE,  irpooraru,  from  npo,  '  before,'  and 
tarriiti,  '  I  stand.' — 1'iok' t<ita,  f.  (fhiiidu'lrf,  Pros' - 
tatcp.,  P.  yliinditlo'na  seu  adenaidea,  J'nras'tafa 
iideiioideH  seu  t/ldiidii/o'sn,  Adutnns,  Paroa'tntcB, 
P.  gl'tnd'ula,  Tentia  minor,  Corpiia  giniiditlo'sum 
seu  ylniido'iium  seu  adenlforme  seu  (jlandiforme 
seu  <//<iiidiilo'aHm  seu  odeiioi'dea,  Axuinteii'tes 
ylaiidiilce.Ads'titesf/hnidii/o'si ;  theProHate glnud. 
A  glandular,  cordiform  body,  of  the  size  of  a 
chestnut,  situate  before  the  neck  of  the  bladder, 
beliind  the  symphysis  pubis,  and  surrounding  the 
first  portion  of  the  urethra.  Its  excretory  out- 
lets, to  the  number  of  10  or  1 2,  open  into  the  part 
of  the  urethra  tliat  traverses  it,  and  pour  into  it 
a  whitish  viscid  iiuinour —  Liquor  prontnt'iciis  — 
intended  to  lubricate  the  interior  of  the  urethra, 
and  to  serve  as  a  vehicle  for  the  sperm  in  its 
ejaculation. 
PftosTATE,  Anterior,  see  Cowper's  glands. 
PROSTATELCO'SIS,  from  »oo(7rara,  'pros- 
tate,' and  'tAicof,  '  an  ulcer.'  Ulceration  of  the 
prostate. 

P/iOSTATES  INFEIilFAllES,  Cowper's 
glands — p.  Pelilea,  Cowper's  glands. 

PROSTAT'IC,  ProxMt'ifiis,  Proa'tatal,  (F.) 
Primtntiqiie.  That  which  belongs  or  relates  to 
the  prostate.  Winslow  has  named  —  Superior 
Prosldiir  Miincles — ligaments  wliich  pass  from 
the  pubis  to  the  lateral  parts  of  the  prostate.  lie, 
also,  calls — Inferior  pnixlulic  munchi — the  fleshy 
fibres,  which,  i'rom  the  lateral  parts  of  the  urethra, 


near  its  membranous  portion,  pass  to  be  inserted 
into  the  pubis. 

Prostatic  BiSEc'Ton.  An  instrument  em- 
ployed by  Dr.  Stevens,  of  New  York,  in  the  bi- 
lateral operation  of  lithotomy.  In  form  it  resem- 
bles a  large  olive,  with  a  beak  at  the  extremity, 
cutting  edges  at  the  sides  parallel  to  its  longest 
axis,  and  with  a  straight  handle. 

Prostatic  Liquor,  Liquor  prostat'icua.  Tie 
fluid  secreted  by  the  prostate,  which  mixes  with 
sperm  during  emission. 

Prostatic    i'ortion  of   the  Urethra.     The 
part  of  the  canal  of  the  urethra  included  by  the 
prostate:  it  is  about  15  lines  long. 
Prostatic  Sinus,  see  Sinus,  prostatic. 
PROSTATICUS      SUPERIOR,    Compressor 
prostata;. 

PROSTATIQVE,  Prostatic. 
PROSTATI'TIS,  h,fl„>,niu,'tio  Pros'tala,  from 
vpooTara,  'the  prostiite,'  and  jVi"«,  denoting  in- 
flammation. Inflammation  of  the  prostate  ;  whtn 
accompanying  gonorrhoea,  it  is  the  goiwrrho- 
prontoti'tit. 

PROSTATOCELE,  Prostatoncus. 
PROSTATON'CUS,  Pronfttoce'le,  Tumor prot- 
tn fa,  from  vpoaTiiTa,  'the  prostate,'  and  oyKog,  "a 
tumour.'     Swelling  of  the  prostate. 

PROSTATOPAREC'TASIS,  from  zpoarara, 
'prostate,'  and  naptKTctvctv,  'to  extend.'  En- 
largement of  the  prostate  ;  also,  induration  of  the 
same,  Proiit<itoscir'rIiun.  Proelataux'e. 

PROSTATOSCIRRIIUS,  see  Prostatoparec- 
tasis. 

PROSTERNID'IUM,  from    irpo,  'before,'  and 
aripvov,  '  the  sternum.'   Any  agent  applied  to  the 
anterior  part  of  the  chest ;  a  plaster  to  the  breast. 
PROSTHESIS,  Prothesis. 
PROSTIIETA,  Subdita. 
PROSTIIIUM,  Penis. 

PROSTOM'IA,  Commisnu'rn  lnhio'riim ;  from 
Trpo,  '  before,'  and  arofji/i,  '  mouth."  The  commis- 
sure of  the  lips. 

PROSTRA'TION,  Proatra'tio  vi'rium,  (F.) 
Prostration  dea  forces,  Abattement.  Great  de- 
pression of  strength.  Almost  total  loss  of  power 
over  the  muscles  of  locomotion. 

PRO'TEA  MELIF'ERA.  A  South  African 
plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Proteacea;,  whose  involucra  and 
flowers,  at  the  time  of  inflorescence,  are  filled 
with  a  sweet  watery  liquid,  which  contains  a 
great  deal  of  honey.  By  inspissation  it  forms  a 
delicious  sj'rup — Syr'iijms  Pro'tea,  which  is  much 
used  in  pulmonary  affections. 

Protea  LEPinocARPON,  and  some  other  Pro- 
tege, supply  the  same  kind  of  juice. 

PRO'TEAN,  Pro'teiform,  Proteiform'is,  from 
Proteus,  who  could  assume  various  shapes.  As- 
suming diff'erent  shapes. 

PROTEIFORMIS,  Protean. 
Proteiform'is  Morbus.     A  disease  which  as- 
sumes various  characters. 

PRO'TEIN,  Prnteine,  Protei'nn,  from  Ttpmrtvd), 
'I  take  first  rank.'  A  product  of  the  decomposi- 
tion of  albumen,  &e.,  by  potassa.  When  animal 
albumen,  fibrin  or  casein  is  dissolved  in  a  mode- 
rately strong  solution  of  caustic  potassn,  and  tlie 
solution  is  exposed  for  some  time  to  a  high  tem- 
perature, these  substances  are  decomposed.  The 
addition  of  acetic  acid  causes,  in  all  three,  the 
separation  of  a  gelatinous  translucent  precipitate 
which  has  exactly  the  same  characters  and  com- 
position.    This  is  protein.  —  Mulder. 

Protein  is  the  basis  of  animal  and  vegetable 

fibrin,  albumen,  and  casein,  and  of  gluten,  which 

have  been,  consequently,  classed  under  the  "  pro- 

teinaceous  nlimentarv  principle,"  by  Dr.  Pereira. 

PROTETNACEOUS,  Proteinous. 

PRO'TEINOUS,  Proteina'ceuua,  Proteino'sua, 


TROTEINEUX 


7  04 


PRUNUS   ACACIA 


(F.)  Protehieiix.     Of,  or  belonging  to  protein;  — 
as  "a  proteinous  alimentary  principle." 

PRO TEINE UX,  Proteinons. 

PROTEXSIONES  GLANDULARES,  Mam- 
ruillnry  eminences. 

PROTII'ESIS,  Pros'thesin,  Adjittic'tio,  Adjec'- 
tio,  App(m''tio,  '  addition,  application  ;'  from  -ngoi, 
'  in  addition  to,'  and  n^ij/ii,  '  I  put.'  That  part 
of  surgery  whose  object  is  to  add  to  the  human 
body  some  artificial  part,  in  place  of  one  that  may 
be  wanting,  lis  a  wooden  leg,  an  artificial  eye,  <fcc. 

PROTAIESIS,  Umbilicus,  Kidney. 

PIlOTOAZOTArE  JDE  MEUCURE,  Hy- 
drargvri  nitr;is. 

PROTOGALA,  Colostrum. 

PROTOIATROS.  Archiater. 

PROTOMEDICUS,  Archiater. 

PROTOMUS,  Dissector. 

PROTOPATIIIA,  Idiopathia. 

PRO'TOPIIYTE,  Protopli'yton,  from  Trpwrof, 
'first,'  and  tpurov,  'a  plant.'  A  vegetable  produc- 
tion at  the  foot  of  the  scale;  as  a  cryptogamous 
plant,  — •  H  fungus. 

PRO'TOPLAST.fromjrpojroj, 'first,'andTX«o-<Ta), 
'  T  form.'  A  primary  formation.  A  first  formed 
orgiinized  body  —  the  parent  of  all  others. 

PROTOSPOROS,  Os  uteri. 

PROTOZO'ON,  from  npoiTos,  'first,'  and  ^u-ov, 
'an  animal.'  An  animal  lowest  in  the  scale  ;  — 
as  a  monad. 

PROTHAHENS  LENTIS,  Ciliary  muscle. 

PROTRUSION.  Prolapsus. 

PROTU'UERANCE,  Protubermi'ti'n,  Extithe- 
yn'tiu,  Prominen'ti(i,Excre!icen'iiti,  E.ctnheraii'tid, 
from  pro,  'before,'  and  tuber,  'a  projection.'  (F.) 
JJusHe.  A  name  given  to  rough,  unequal  protu- 
berances, seen  at  the  surface  of  certain  organs; 
the  parietal prnti(beranceii,occipltal protuberances, 
oiiiinlar  protuberances,  &C. 

PuoTUBKRANCE,  Annitlar,  Pons  Varolii  —  p. 
Cerebral,  Medulla  oblongata,  Pons  Varolii — p. 
(\jlindro'iile,  Cornu  ammonis. 

'  PROTUBERANTIA,  Eminence— p.  Annularis 
>Villisii,  Pons  Varolii — p.  Basilaris,  Pons  Varolii 
• — p.  Cvlindrica,  Cornu  ammonis. 
PROTRUSOR,  Detrusor  urinae. 

PROULI.MATESIS.  A  word  employed  by 
Forestus  for  hernia  of  the  stomach  [?]. 

PROUNE,  Primus  domestica. 
PROVENTRIC'ULUS,  Bulhua  glandulo'sna, 
Infntidib' uluin,  Second  stomach;  from  vf/o,  'be- 
fore,' and  ventriculus,  '  the  stomai^h.'  A  bulbous 
expansion  at  the  termination  of  the  oesophagus, 
immediately  above  the  gizzard  of  birds,  the  walls 
(if  which  are  thickly  studded  with  a  layer  of 
glands  or  follicles  which  secrete  a  digestive  fluid. 
PROVERBS,  MED'ICAL.  A  proverbial  ex- 
pression freciuently  contains  sound  sense  in  its 
directions.  In  medicine,  the  greatest  collection 
is  in  the  Re(/iiiien  of  Health  of  the  School  of  Sa- 
lernum,  composed  in  the  11th  century,  by  John 
of  Milan.  Yet,  although  good  sense  is  often  in- 
culcated, we  frequently  meet  with  the  reverse. 

Most  of  the  proverbs  are  hygienic.  The  fol- 
lowing are  a  few. 

1.  Qn'  apres  la  soupe  un  coupe  d'excellent  vin 
Tire  un  leu  de  la  jyoche  du  medecin. 

2.  Surge  quintd,  prande  nond,  ctrna  qnintd,  dormi 

nond,  nee  est  morti  vita  prona. 

3.  Nnnquam    recte    corpus   exerceri   sine   animo, 

neqiie  animum  sine  corpore  posse. 

4.  Viande.  ht'en  niachee  est  d  dcmi  digerie, 

h.   Optimum  condimentum  fames. 
Appetite  is  the  best  sauce. 

6.  Plures  occidit  gula  quam  c/ladiui. 


7.  Early  to  bed  and  earlj'  to  rise, 

Makes  a  man  healthy,  wealthy,  and  wise. 

8.  One  man's  meat 's  another  man's  poison. 

9.  An  ounce  of  prevention  is  better  than  a  pound 

of  cure. 

PROVERSIO,  Anteversion. 
PROVINS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.     Cha- 
lybeatc  springs  in  the    department   of   Seine  et 
Marne,  France,  which  contain  carbonic  acid  and 
iron. 

PROVOCATORIUS,  Intercalary. 
PROXIMAD,  see  Proximal  aspect. 
Proximal,,    from    proximus,    'ne.\t.'      Pro.xi- 
mate ;  nearest;  next. 

Proximal   Aspuct.     An    aspect    towards   the 
trunk,  in  the  course  of  an  extremity.  —  Barclay. 
Projc'imad  is  used  by  the  same  writer  adverbially 
to  signify  '  towards  the  trunk.' 
PRUNA,  Anthrax. 
PRUNE.  Prunura. 

Pru.nk  Ji'ioh  Exi'kctoiia'tion  or  Sputa.    The 
sputa  resembling  prune  juice,  which  occur  in  the 
third  or  purulent  stage  of  pneumonia. 
PREMiAU,  Prunum. 

PRUNELLA,  Angina  pectoris,  Aphthse,  Cy- 
nanche,  Pupil. 

Prunrl'la,  p.  vulga'ris  seu  ofJicinn'Ue,  Rru- 
nel'la,  Consol'ida  minor,  Si/m'phytnm  minus,  Self- 
heal,  Ileal-nll,  Bugle,  (F.)  Prunelle,  Brunelle  ; 
Ord.  Labiata).  Sex.  Syst.  Didynamia  Gyuino- 
spermia.  This  plant  has  been  recommended  as 
an  astringent,  in  hemorrhages  and  fluxes;  and, 
also,  in  gargles  against  aphtha},  and  in  inflam- 
mation of  the  fauces. 

PRUNELLiE  SAL,  Potassae  nitras  fusus  sul- 
phatis  paucillo  mixtns. 

PRUNELLE,  Prunella,  Pupil. 
PRUNELLIER,  Prunus  spinosa. 
PHUNELLOE,  Prnnuin  Brignolense. 
PRUNEOLA  SYLVESTRIS,  Prunus  spinosa. 
PRUNES,  see    Prunum  —  p.  Pulp   of,    Pruni 
Pulpa. 

PRUNI  PULPA,  Pulp  of  prunes.  Take  of 
prunes  a  sufficient  quantity,  soften  them  in  the 
vapour  of  boiling  water,  and  having  separated 
the  stones,  beat  the  remainder  in  a  marble  mortar 
and  press  through  a  hair-sieve.  —  Ph.  U.  S. 

PRUNIER.  Prunus  domestica  —  p.  Sauvage, 
Prunus  spinosa. 

PRUNUM.  A  dried  Plum,  a  Prune.  (F.) 
Pruneau.  Three  sorts  of  Prunes  have  been 
usually  ranked  amongst  the  articles  of  the  mate- 
ria medica.  1.  The  Prunum  Jirignolen'se  ;  the 
Briynole  plum  or  Pruncl'loe ;  from  Brignole  in 
Provence.  It  is  of  a  reddish-yellow  colour;  and 
has  a  very  grateful,  sweet,  subacid  taste.  2.  The 
Prunum  Gal'licum,  Prunum  (Ph.  U.  S.),  the 
French  Prune  ;  and  .3.  The  Prunum  Damasce'nnm 
or  Damson,  Brab'yion.  All  these  possess  the 
same  general  qualities  as  the  other  summer  fruits. 
They  are  emollient  and  laxative. 

PiiUNdM  Rti;i,i,atiim,  Averrhoa  carambola. 
PRUNUS  ACACIA,  Prunus  padus. 
PnuNlLS  Armkni'aca,  Armeui'aca  vulga'ris  seU 
epiro'tica.  The  A'pricot,  Apricock,  Bericoc've, 
^coiKOKKTi,  PrcBcoc'ia,  (F.)  Ahricotier.  0;rf.  Rosa- 
ceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Icosandria  Monogynia.  The 
apricot,  Melum  Armeniacum,  (F.)  Abricot,  when 
ripe,  is  easily  digested,  and  considered  as  a  great 
delicacy. 

PnoNtis  A'viUM,  P.  cer'asus  seu  aylvest'ris  seu 
mncrophyl'la,  Cer'asus  A'vi}im  seu  nigra  seu 
dulcis,  hiack  Cherry  Tree,  (F.)  Merisi'er.  Th« 
fruit  is  eaten  ;  and  a  gum  exudes  from  the  tree, 
the  properties  of  which  are  similar  to  those  of 
gum  Arabic. 
Prunus  Capulin,  (S.)  Capulies,  grows  in  the 


PRURIGIXOUS 


765 


PSEUDAPIIE 


open  fields  of  Peru:  and  is  cultivated  in  gardens 
in  the  towns.  The  fruit  is  acid,  and  not  often 
eaten  ;  but  on  acxr)unt  of  its  agreeable  odour  it  is 
used  in  inakini^  I'livheroH  de  p>res ;  or  with  odo- 
riferous flowers  to  perfume  linen.  —  Tschudi. 

PuuNUS  Ckii'asus,  C'ei'anuii  ac"ida  seu  horlen'- 
git  seu  vitli/n'iin  seu  rubia.  The  Red  Cherry 
Tree  ;  (F.)  Oen'tler.  The  fruit  Cer'unitm,  C'era'- 
tioii,  has  a  pleasant,  aeidulous  sweet  flavour.  It 
is  wholesome.     See  Prunus  avium. 

Pitt'Nus  Domks'tica.  The  Plum  or  D(tmson 
tree,  Coccyine'len,  Proline,  (F.)  Pruiiie.r  ordinaire. 
The  diimson,  when  perfectly  ripe,  afibrds  a  whole- 
some fruit  for  pies,  tarts,  Ac.  It  is  gently  laxa- 
tive.    See  Prunum. 

Prunus  JIoiitknsis,  P.  ccrasus. 

Prunus  Insi'tia.  The  Ihdlnce  Plum  Tree. 
The  fruit  of  this  tree  is  used  lil<e  the  damson. 

PnUNUS  Lauro-Cer'asus,  Cer'amm  lanro-cera- 
titu,  Pfidiis  laiiro-ceriiaiia.  Poison  Laurel,  Cherry 
Laurel,  Common  Laurel,  Laiiro-ceriiHus,  {¥.)  Laii- 
rier-cerlse,  L.  amandier,  L.  de  Tribinonde.  The 
leaves,  Lauro-cer'asun,  (Ph.  E.  and  D.)  have  a  bit- 
ter, styptic  taste,  with  the  flavour  of  bitter  al- 
monds. The  flowers  have  a  similar  flavour.  The 
powdered  le;ives,  applied  to  the  nostrils,  excite 
sneezing.  The  flavour  of  the  leaves  has  given 
occasion  to  their  being  em|)loyed  in  tarts,  cus- 
tards, <fcc.  ;  but  in  large  quantities  they  are  poi- 
sonous. The  poisonous  principle  is  the  prussic 
acid.  The  distilled  water,  called  Laurel-water, 
is  poisonous.  (See  Poisons,  Table  of.)  An  Aqua 
Lauro-CKI{'asi,  Cherry  Lanrel-water,  is  officinal 
in  the  Edinburgh  and  Dublin  Pharmacopoeias. 
Dose,  ^  x.xx  to  f^']. 

PutJNUs  Macroi'iivlla,  p.  avium. 

Prunus  Padus,  Padux,  P.  a'vinm,  Cer'asHS 
PaduH  seu  racemo'aus  sylrea'tris.  Wild  cluafer  or 
Bird  Cherry  Tree,  (Sc;  Hayherry,  Hack-berry, 
(Prov.)  Ifi-rkberry,  (F.)  Oerivier  d  graiypca,  Boia 
piiaiit.  The  bark  of  the  tree  has  a  fragrant 
smell,  and  a  bitter  sub-astringent  taste,  somewhat 
similar  to  th.it  of  bitter  almonds.  It  has  been 
recommended  in  intermittents,  &c.,  in  the  form 
of  decoction.  The  berries  have  been  used  in 
dysentery. 

Prunus  Skbastina,  Sebastina. 

Pru.nus  Si'INo'sa.  The  Sloe  Tree,  P.  aylrca'- 
tria  seu  Aca'cia,  Aijrior.occi me' lea,  Agru'na,  Agru- 
ve'la,  (P.)  Priinelller,  Prunier  sniivage.  The 
fruit — the  aloe — is  sometimes  employed  in  gargles, 
and  was  formerly  much  used  in  hemorrhage, 
owing  to  the  astringent  properties.  The  Aca'cia 
voatraa  seu  German' ica  seu  vulgn'ria.  Prune' ola 
sylvea'iria,  Succua  acacice  noafra'tia,  S.  Acacice 
GermaniccB  inapiaaa' tux  is  obtained  from  this. 

Prunus  Svlvkstris,  P.  Avium,  P.  Spinosa. 

Prunus  VirgiNIA'na,  Cer'aaua  aero'tina  seu 
Virginia'na,  Choke  cherry.  Wild  Cherry  Tree, 
(F.)  Ceriaier  de  Virgiuie.  The  bark  of  this  tree 
has  been  found  useful  in  intermittents.  The 
leaves  are  poisonous  to  certain  animals,  and  the 
berries  into.vicate  difl"erent  kinds  of  birds.  The 
Indians  use  the  bark  in  the  cure  of  syphilis.  It 
is  bitter  and  astringent,  and  possesses  some  aro- 
matic warmth,  and  likewise  a  sedative  quality.  It 
is  stiiiHilaiit  and  tonie.  The  leaves  contain  prus- 
sic acid.  The  distilled  oil  of  the  bark  is  very 
nearly  identical  with  that  of  the  bitter  almond. 
A  strong  decoction  of  the  bark  is  anthelmintic. 

Pri'nus  Vur.r.ARis,  P.  Padus. 

PRl'Rr(}"IXOlIS, /'/•"/•/</nio'«i(»,(F.)Pri,r)".7;. 
neu.r.  Same  etymon  as  the  next.  Relating,  or 
belonging  to,  or  resembling  prurigo. 

PRITRI'IjO,  Pruri'tuH.  Chria'ma  ;  from  prurin, 
)^-uritiim,  '  to  itch.'  Tlie  word  is  often  usetl 
synoTiytuously  with  itching.  Willan  and  Bate- 
nian  use  the  term  for  a  genus  of  cutaneous  dis- 
eases, the  i-liaracteristic  symptoms  of  which  are 


a  severe  itching,  accompanied  by  an  eruption  of 
papulae  of  nearly  the  same  colour  as  the  adjoin- 
ing cuticle;  Cneamoa,  Scabies  papiiliform' ia, 
Ejor'mia  pruri'go.  It  affects  the  whole  surface 
of  the  skin,  under  three  varieties  of  form:  —  the 
P.  mitia,  P.  formi'cana,  P.  aeiii'lia,  &c.,  as  well 
as  some  parts  of  the  body,  as  the  P.  pod'icia,  and 
P.  puden'di  mulie'bria,  Puden'dagrn  pru'rieiia, 
Prnri'tua  vulva,  {¥.)  Priirit  de  In  viilve. 

Prurigo,  Heat  —  p.  Pedicularis,  Phtheiriasis. 

PItURIT,  Itching— p.  de  la  Vidve,set  Prurigo. 

PRURITUS,  Gargalus,  Itching,  Prurigo  — p. 
Vulvae,  see  Prurigo. 

PRUSSIAN  ^h\]E.  Ferrum  Zoot'icum  sen  Bo. 
rna'aicum  seu  Cyanogena'tum  seu  oxydula'tum  hy- 
drocyan'icum,  Ferri  Ferrocy'anas  seu  Ferrocya- 
nure'tiim  seu  Cyanure'tum  seu  Percy an'iduvi, 
Borua'aiaa  seu  Pruaaiaa  seu  Hydrocy'anaa  Ferri, 
Caru'leum  Borua'aicum  seu  Berolinen'ae,  Trito- 
hydro-ferrocy' anate  or  Ferrocyanuret  or  Ferro- 
prua'aiate  of  iron,  (F.)  Bleu  de  Pruaae,  B.  de 
lierlin.  In  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United 
States,  the  pure  salt — Ferri  ferrocyanureium — is 
directed  to  be  made  as  follows.  Ferri  Sulph.^'w, 
acid  anlph.  f  ^iiiss,  acid  nitric.  f,^vj  or  q.  s.,  po- 
taaaii  ferrocyanuret.  ,^ivss,  aqiicf,  Oij.  Dissolve 
the  sulphate  in  a  pint  of  water,  and  having  add- 
ed the  sulphuric  acid,  boil  the  solution.  Pour 
into  it  the  nitric  acid,  in  small  portions,  boiling 
the  liquid  for  a  minute  or  two  after  each  addi- 
tion, until  it  no  longer  produces  a  dark  colour; 
then  allow  the  liquid  to  cool.  Dissolve  the  ferro- 
cyanuret of  potassium  in  the  remainder  of  the 
water,  and  add  this  solution  gradually  to  the  first 
liquid,  agitating  the  mixture  after  each  addition  ; 
then  pour  it  upon  a  filter.  Wash  the  precipitate 
with  boiling  water  until  the  washings  pass  taste- 
less. Lastly,  dry  and  rub  into  pOwder.  This 
salt  is  chiefly  used  in  the  preparation  of  the  hy- 
drocyanic acid  and  the  cyanuret  of  mercury.  It 
has  been  advised  in  the  treatment  of  intermit- 
tents, and  in  epilepsy  and  scrophulosis.  Exter- 
nally, if  has  been  applied  to  ill-conditioned  ulcers. 
(,^i  to  ^j.  of  cerate.)     Dose,  four  to  six  grains. 

PSALIDIUM,  Fornix. 

PSALIS,  Fornix,  Scissors. 

PSALTERIUM.  Lyra. 

PSAMiAIA,  see  Gravel. 

PS.\MMIS'MUS,  Ammia'mua,  Gammia'mna, 
from  ^^aujxoi,  '  sand.'  Areiia'tio.  The  application 
of  sand  to  any  part  of  the  body  for  the  cure  of 
disease.  —  Paulus. 

PSAMMODES,  Sabulous. 

PSAMMUS,  see  Gravel. 

PSAl'TIER,  Omasum. 

PSELLIS'MUS,  -ItWin^oi.  Pacllofea,  xlcWorr,?, 
from  \f.cXXt^io,  'I  stutter.'  Imperfect  or  depraved 
state  of  the  articulation.  A  geniis  in  the  class 
Pnenmaticn,  order  Phonicn,  of  Good. 

PsRi.LisiMus  Nasitas,  Rhinoplionia  —  p.  Rho- 
tacismus,  llotacistn. 

PSELLOTES.  B.albnties. 

PSEUDACACIA  ODORATA,  Robinia  pseu- 
dacacia. 

PSEUDAC'OK,  Pyeudacoi'a.  PaeudecoY'a, rrom 
iptv67]f,  '  false,'  and  aicoi],  '  audition.'  Pseiidacu'sis. 
False  hearing. 

PSEUDACORUS,  Iris  pseudacorus. 

PSEUD^STHPySIA.  Sniaus  perver'aua,  from 
\j.cv<)ris,  'false,'  and  ataSavnuat,  'I  feel.'  nio&riaii, 
'  feeling.'  Parnpaia  illiiao'rin,  Paeuda'phe.  Paeu- 
daph'ia,  (F.)  Paendeathcaic.  Depraved  feeling. 
Imaginary  sense  of  touch  or  general  feelinir  in 
organs  that  have  no  existence.  Common  to  those 
who  have  suff"cred  amputation  ;  and  to  hypochon- 
driacs and  the  insane. 

PSEUD.ALEI  MORRL  Feigned  diseases. 

PSEUl).-\N(iUSTURTXUM.  Brucine. 

PSEUDAPIIE,  Pseudivsthesia. 


PSEUDARTHROSIS 


OG 


psolE 


PSEUD  ART  II  RO'STS,  P,eu<fnrtic„hi't!o, 
PneiKldrlic'iihin,  Arliciitd'lio  unthir  seu  artijiria'- 
lis,  from  \pKv&ns<  'false,'  and  apSpuv,  '  n.  joint.'  A 
f;ilse  joint  or  articulation  ;  Artic'itlits  iiovim  seu 
spii'riiiK  seu  prasternutura'lis,  (F.)  Articulation 
mtnudiiprnire. 

PSKUDARTICULATIO,  Pseudarthrosis. 

P.-^EUDECOIA,  Pseudacoe. 

PSEUUENCEPH'ALUS,  Pamceph'alus,  from 
il-cv&ni,  'false,'  and  ey/ce^aAov,  '  the  encephalon.' 
A  monster,  whose  cranium  is  open  in  its  whole 
extent,  from  before  to  behind,  its  base  supporting 
a  vascular  tumour.  —  I.  G.  St.  Hilaire. 

PSEUDESTHESIE,  Pseudajsthesia. 

PSEUDO,  False— p.  Asthma,  Dyspnoea. 

PSEUDOBLEP'SIA,  Psei<(lohl,p«is,  Pseudo- 
rn'sis,  Siiffu'nio  oc'iili,  frxmi  ^f-tvini,  'false,'  and 
j3X£t^(5.  'sight.'  Pseiidops' ia,  Pamp'sis  iUtiio'riii, 
Siiffa'slo,  Phantas'nia,  Fahe  sight.  A  generic 
name,  used  by  Cullen  for  perversion  of  vision. 
See  Metamorphopsia. 

PSEUDOBLEPSIS,  Paropsis. 

PSEUDOCARCIjSIOMA  LABII,  Cancer  aqua- 
ticus. 

PSEUDOCHRO MIA,  Achromatopsia. 

PSEUDOCROUP,  Asthma  thymit-ura. 

PSEUDOCYESIS,  Pregnancy,  false  — p.  Cye- 
sis  raolaris.  Mole.  1 

PSEUDOENCEPIIALITIS,  Hydrencephaloid 
disease.  1 

PSEUDO-FEVER,  Irritation,  morbid.  j 

PSEUDOGEU'SIA,  Pgeudof/ea'sis,  Pneitdo- 
f/r^iis'fla,  frotn  \lev&tis,  'false,'  and  ytvats,  'taste.' 
Halhiciiin'tio  giintun.     False  taste. 

PSEUDOGEUSTIA,  Pseudogeusia. 

PSEUDOIIELMINTIIES,  Ectozoa. 

PSEUDOLI'EN,  Pneudo'ipfeu,  from  -^cvSns, 
'false,'  and  lieu,  'spleen.'  Glands  situate  in  the 
neighborhood  of  the  spleen  ;  probably,  lymphatic 
glands. 

PSEUDOMECIIOACANA,  Convolvulus  pan- 
dura  tus. 

PSEUDOMEDICUS.  Charlatan. 

PSEUDOMELANOTIC  FORxMATIONS,  see 
Anthracosis. 

PsRiJDoMET.ANOTic  Meninx,  Membrane,  false — 
p.  Metamorphosis  polvposa,  polyj)us. 

PSEUDOMEMBRANA,  Meinl.rane,  false. 

PSEUDUMEMBRANE,  Membrane,  false. 

PSEUDONARCISSUS,  Narcissus  pseudonar- 
cissus. 

PSEUDONOMA'NIA.  from  ^icvhi.  'false,'  and 
mauia.  A  form  of  insanitj',  which  is  character- 
ized by  a  morbid  propensity  for  lying. 

PSEUDO-PARASITEi*.  Ectozoa, 

PSEUDOPERIPMEUMONIA,  Peripneumonia 
notha. 

PSEUDOPHLOGOSIS  VENTRICULI  RESO- 
LUTIVA  ET  COLLIQUATIVA,  Gastromalacia. 

PSEUDOPHTIII'SIS.  'False  phthisis.'  Ema- 
ciation occasioned  by  other  cause  than  organic 
lesion  of  the  lungs. 

PSEUDOPLAS'MATA,  from  i//£u5>k,  'false,' 
and  ■n\aaaM,  '  I  form.'  A  term  applied  to  malig- 
nant heter()logous  tumours. — Vogel. 

PSEUDOPLEURITIS,  Pleurodynia  — p.  Po- 
lypi, see  Polypi  —  p.  Pyrethrum,  Achillea  ptar- 
mica — p.  Spleen,  Pseudolien. 

PSEUDOPNEUMONIA,  Peripneumonia  no- 
tha. 

PSEUDOPNEUMONITIS,  Peripneumonia  no- 
tha. 

PSETTDOPSIA,  Pseudoblepsia. 

PSEUDO RASrS,  Pseudoblepsia. 

PSEUDOREX'IA,  /V»r/o,-rr,r'/».  from  i'cvSvs, 
'false,'  and  o/ie^ii,  'appetite.'     False  appetite. 

PSEUDO-RHONCIIUS.  from  xptv!>r,i,  'false,' 
and  p'>yx,oii  'rattle.'  A  sound  heard  during  re- 
spiration, which  appears  to  be  produced,  like  the 


ordinary  rhonehi,  in  the  air-tubes,  but  is  exterior 
to  thom — as  in  the  case  oi pleural  ptnuiluiliniichi. 
See  Rattle,  and  liritr. 

P  S  E  U  D  0  S  C  0  P  'I  C,  Pseudoscnp'icue,  from 
\l/fi)(5»;5,  'false,'  and  oKoitcui,  '1  view.'  Conveying 
false  impressions  to  the  eye  :  as  where  projecting 
surfaces  are  seen  depressed,  and  conversely. 

P  S  E  U  D  0  S  '  iMIA,  l>8<mlosphre'Hi„,  P'>«„<l;i,. 
phre'sifi,  from  xlcviiis,  'false,'  and  o<r/iij,  'smell.' 
False  sense  of  smell. 

PSEUDOSPIIHESIA,  Pseudosmia. 

PSEUDOSYPllILIS,  Syphilis  pseudosyphilis. 

PSEUDOTIIANATOS,  Asphyxia. 

PSEUDO  variola:.  Varicella. 

PSKUDYMEN,  Membrane,  false. 

PSID'IUM  POMIF'ERUM.  The  Apple  Gi,a- 
va,  Guara,  Giiotjiira.  Ord.  Myrtaoea!.  This 
plant  and  P.  Pyrif'erum  bear  fruits  ;  those  of  llio 
former  like  apples, — of  the  latter  like  pears.  The 
apple  kind  has  an  acid  flavour,  the  other  is  sweet. 
Of  the  inner  pulp  of  either,  the  natives  of  the 
Inilies  make  jellies;  and,  of  the  outer  rind,  tarts, 
marmalades,  <fec.  They  are  somewhat  astringent; 
this  quality,  indeed,  exists  in  every  part  of  the 
tree,  and  abundantly  in  the  leaf-buds,  which  are 
occasionally  boiled  with  barley  and  liquorice  as 
an  excellent  drink  in  diarrhoea.  A  sinii>lc  deooe- 
tion  of  the  leaves  is  said  to  be  useful  in  the  itch, 
and  most  cutaneous  eruptions. 

PSILOSIS.  DepihUion. 

PSILOTHRUM,  Bryonia  alba.  Depilatory. 

PSIMMYTIION,  Plumbi  subcarbonas. 

PSOA,  Dysodia. 

PSOjE,  Psoice,  PnycB,  ^oai,  see  Lnmhi,  '  the 
loins.'  The  psoae  muscles ;  Aloj/ecea,  Nephro- 
me'trcB,  NeHrome'teren. 

PSOAS-MAGNUS,  Psoas  seu  lumbn'ris  inter', 
nils,  Femur  moveii'tium  sejrtus,  P re-lonibo-t rocJian- 
tin,  PrS-lowho-trochaiitinien  (Ch.).  A  muscle, 
seated  on  the  lateral  parts  of  the  lumbar  portion 
of  the  vertebral  column  ;  and  passing  down  to 
the  superior  and  anterior  part  of  the  thigh.  It 
is  long,  fusiform,  and  attached,  above,  to  the 
Ijody  and  transverse  processes  of  the  first  four 
lumbar  vertebrae,  and  last  dorsal.  Below,  it  ter- 
minates, by  a  very  thick  tendon,  common  to  it 
and  the  iliacus  muscle, — which  is  inserted  into 
the  top  of  the  lesser  trochanter.  This  muscle 
bends  the  thigh  upon  the  pelvis,  and  carries  it  in 
rotation  outwards.  It  may,  also,  bend  the  pelvis 
on  the  thigh,  and  the  loins  on  the  pelvis.  It  acts 
considerably  in  station  and  progression. 

Psoas  Parvus,  Pre-lombn-puhien,  (Ch.)  A 
muscle  situate  anteriorly  to  the  last.  It  is  long, 
thin,  flat,  and  narrow  ;  and  is  attached,  above,  to 
the  body  of  the  last  dorsal  vertebra,  and  below, 
to  the  linea  ileo-pectinea,  by  means  of  a  slender 
tendon,  which  furnishes  two  expansions  —  one  to 
the  Iliac  aponeurosis,  and  the  other  to  the  pelvis. 
This  muscle  bends  the  vertebral  column  on  the 
pelvis  ;  and,  reciprocally,  the  pelvis  on  the  vcr- 
\  tebral  column. 

PSODYMUS,  Gastrodidyraus. 

PSOI^,  Psoae. 

PSOiTE,  Psoitis. 

PSOi'TIS,  Inflamma'tin  mns'culi  Psoas,  Lum- 
ha'go  iiifiaminato'ria  spasmoil' leu,  (F.)  Pii/ile,  In- 
flammation dii  musele  Psoas.  From  xj-ont,  '  the 
loins,'  'the  psoae  muscles,'  and  itis,  denoting  m- 
flaramation.  Inflammation  of  the  psoas  muscles 
and  of  the  parts  situate  before  the  lumbar  verie- 
brte  :  accompanied,  from  its  commcncemeiit,  by 
considerable  fever,  violent  pains  in  the  part 
affected  and  in  the  thigh  of  the  same  side,  which 
remains  commonly  half  bent.  Psoitis  may  terini- 
nate  by  suppuration,  and  form  a  lumbar  abscess. 
PSOLE,  4<.j\r,,  'the  male  organ.'  Also,  the 
glans  when  uncovered. 


PSOLONT 


767 


PSYDRACIA 


PROLON.  Meinbrosus. 

PSOLOX'CUS,  from  pnole,  and  oyxof,  'a  tu- 
mour.' Swelling  of  the  glans,  or  of  the  penis 
generally. 

PSOLUS,  from  pnole.     One  who  has  the  glans 
uncovered.     One  who  has  heen  circumcised. 
PSOIMIOMETER,  Stethoscope. 
PSOPIIOS,  ipoipoi,  'a  noise.'     A  loud  noise;  a 
hollow  pound. 

PSORA,  from  vfwu,  'I  rub  gently.'  Sca'bien, 
Phh/sin  .seu  Evpi/e'xis  Scnbien,  Scahlola,  Itch, 
Scratrh,  Srotvh  Jiildle,  (Prov.)  Lhel,  Scrat,  (Sc.) 
the  He,/,  Yoiik,  Yiilce,  (F.)  Gale,  Mid  Saint-Main, 
Udijne.  A  contagious  eruption  of  very  minute 
jiitnples — pustular,  vesicular,  papular,  intermixed, 
nnd  alternating,  itching  intolerably  and  termina- 
ting in  scabs.  It  seems  to  be  connected  with  an 
insect  of  the  genus  Acarus  ;  —  the  Ac'arus  seu 
Snicop'tea  seu  Sarcop'tun  seu  Phthi'rinm  seu  Chcy- 
le'liiH  Sraltiei,  Ac'anis  Ciio,  Itch  insect,  Jtch-oni- 
vial'citir.  Itch  mite,  (F.)  Ciron.  The  itch  occupies, 
]iarticulnrly,  the  spaces  between  the  fingers,  the 
back  of  the  hands,  wrists,  elbows,  axilla?,  groins, 
hains,  Ac,  and  rarely  affects  the  face.  The  best 
applications,  for  its  cure,  are,  —  the  Unfjuenlum 
Siilphuris  or  Ung.  Snlph.  comp.  night  and  morn- 
ing ;  but  the  unpleasant  smell  of  the  sulphur  has 
given  occasion  to  the  use  of  other  means ; — as  the 
]Vhile  Hellebore.  Potass  in  deliquescence,  Jfnriate 
of  Ammonia,  Sulphuric  Acid,  tc.  The  repug- 
nance to  the  smell  of  sulphur  ought  not,  however, 
to  be  regarded;  especially  as,  in  the  course  of 
four  or  five  days,  it  will,  in  almost  all  cases,  pro- 
duce a  perfect  cure. 

PsoiiA  Ac  HI  A,  Psoriasis  inveterata. 

Psora  Ebiuo'kum,  Drunkard's  Itch.    An  erup- 
tion,   attended    by    afflicting    itching,    to    which  | 
eUk'ily  people,  who  have  been  much  addicted  to 
drinking  alcoholic  liquors,  are  liable. — Darwin. 

Psora  Lei'Rosa,  Psoriasis — p.  Squamosa,  Pso- 
riasis. 

PSORALEA,  Psoralea  pentaphylla. 

Psora'i^ea  Glandulo'sa,  from  -J/w/jnAfof 
'scurfy  or  scaly,'  in  reference  to  its  scurfy  glands 
or  dots.  Alraquil'la.  Ord.  Leguminosae.  Sex. 
Sijsf.  Diadclphia  Docandria.  A  shrub,  used  in 
Chili  as  a  vulnerary.  The  Paraguay  tea  is  re- 
ferred to  it  by  M.  Lenoble,  of  Montevideo.  See 
Ilex  Paraguensis. 

Psoua'lea  PkntAPHYL'la,  Psora'len,  Contrn- 
yer'va  nova,  Mex'ican  Contrai/er'va.  The  root  is 
little,  if  at  all,  inferior  to  the  contrayerva  in  its 
medical  properties;  which,  by  the  by,  are  unim- 
portant. 

PSORENTERIA,  Cholera. 

PSORI'ASIS,  (same  etymon  as  Psora,)  for- 
merly, the  state  of  being  affected  with  -^iapa. 
Lepido'sis  psori'asis,  Serpe'do,  Serpi'go,  Inipeti'- 
<io  (of  some),  Sca'hies  sic'ca  ?im  feri'na.  Psora 
lepro'sa  seu  squamo'sa.  Scaly  Tetter.  Dnj  Scale, 
Dry  Scall,  (F.)  Dartre  squameuse  licheno'ide,  D. 
(eailleuse,  Gratelle,  Gale  miliare,  G.  canine  ou 
siche.  A  cutaneous  affection,  consisting  of  patches 
of  rough,  amorphous  scales;  continuous,  or  of 
indeterminate  outline  ;  skin  often  chappy.  Pso- 
riasis occurs  under  a  considerable  variety  of  forms. 
The  surface,  under  the  scales,  is  more  tender  and 
irritable  than  in  lepra,  which  psoriasis,  in  some 
respects,  resembles.  Dr.  Willan  has  given  names 
to  eleven  varieties  of  psoriasis :  the  chief  of 
which  are  the  Psoriasis  fj/utla'la,  P.  diffii'sa  (one 
form  of  which  is  the  linker's  Itch  and  Grocer's 
Itch  :  and  another,  the  Washerwoman's  Scall),  the 
P.  ifi/ra'ta,  and  p.  inretera'ta  seu  Psora  a'gria. 
The  treatment  of  irritable  psoriasis  must  be  anti- 
phlogistic, with  the  internal  use  of  the  fixed 
alkalies,  stilphur,  &c.  They  do  better  without 
any  local  application.  The  more  local  and  less 
inflammatory  are  ameliorated  by  emollient  nnd 


soothing  applications  :  or  by  slightly  stimulating 
means,  sea-bathing,  the  Ung.  hydrurg.  nitrico- 
ouyd.,   {/tig.  oxidi  zinci,  Ac. 

PSORIC,  Pso'ricus,  (F.)  Psoriqne.  Gnlenx ; 
from  (/-lupa,  'itch.'  That  which  has  the  nature 
of  itch.     A  medicine  for  curing  the  itch. 

PSOROCOMI  UM,  from  -Iwpa,  •  the  itch,'  and 
KOfiiia,  'I  take  care  of.'  An  hospital  for  those 
affected  with  itch. 

PSOROPIITIIALMIA,  Ophthalmia  tarsi -^  p. 
Neonatorum,  see  Ophthalmia  (purulenta  infan- 
tum). 

PSY^.,  Pso*. 

PSYCHAGOGA,  Psychagogica. 

PSYCHAGO'GICA,  Psychago'ga,  from  i/dx'7, 
'life,'  'soul,'  and  ayu,  'I  lead.'  Medicines  which 
resuscitate,  when  life  seems  extinct;  as  in  syn- 
cope and  apo[ilexy. 

PSYCHE,  Anima. 

PSYCIIIA'TER.  Same  etymon  as  the  next. 
One  who  treats  diseases  of  the  mind  —  a  Mad- 
doctor,  (F.)  Medecin  de  fous,  Alieniste. 

PSYCHIATRI'A,  from  -Ivxv,  'mind,'  and 
tarpcia,  '  healing.'  Treatment  of  diseases  of  the 
mind. 

PSY'CHICAL,  Psy'chicns,  from  4'vxn,  'mind.' 
That  which  relates  to  the  mind  or  mental  endow- 
ments. Psych<)log"ical  is  not  unfrequently  used 
with  the  like  signification. 

PSYCHOLOGICAL,  see  Psychical. 

PSYCHOL'OGY,  Psycholog"ia,  from  4,vxv, 
'mind,'  and  h>yog,  'discourse.'  A  treatise  on  the 
intellectual  and  moral  faculties.  Also,  the  intel- 
lectual and  moral  faculties  or  sphere. 

PSYCnONOSOL'OGY,  Psychonosolog"ia,  from 
^vxvi  'mind,'  voaoi,  'disease,'  and  Aoyos,  'a  de- 
scription.' The  doctrine  of,  or  a  treatise  on,  dis- 
eases of  the  mind. 

PSYCHOPATHIES,  Psychoses. 

PSYCHOR'AGES,  Agoni'zans,  Morihun'dus, 
3for'ihund,  Fey,  Fee,  Fie,  from  xpvxn,  'mind, 
'life,'  and  payrj,  'ruplure.'  Dying;  7)1  Articulo 
Mortis,  "  in  the  article  of  death  ;"  in  e.rtre'mis. 
Morihuiid  means,  also,  one  who  is  dying. 

PSYCHORAGIA,  Agony,  Death. 

PSYCHORRHAGIA,  Agony,  Death. 

PSYCHOS,  Cold. 

PSYCHO'SES,  from  \^vx'i,  '  m'md.'  Neuroses 
of  the  intellect.  Diseases  of  the  mind.  Psy- 
chop'athies. 

PSYCHOTHERAPEI'A,  from  4,vxn,  'mind,' 
and  ^cpantvw,  '  I  attend  upon  the  sick.'  Treat- 
ment of  disease  through  the  mind. 

PSYCHOTICA,  Analeptica. 

PSYCHOTRIA,  Analeptica  — p.  Croeea,  Pali- 
courea  croeea — p.  Emetica,  Ipecacuanha. 

PSYCHOTROPHUM,  Betonica  officinalis. 

PSYCHROLU'SIA,  Psychrolu'tron,  from  xl.v- 
Xpoi,  'cold.'  and  Aouui,  'I  wash.'     A  cold  bath. 

PSYCHROPHOIi'IA,  from  ^vxpoi,  cold,'  and 
<;>ofio(,  'fear.'  Dread  of  cold,  especially  of  cold 
water.     Impressibility  to  cold. 

PSYCHTICA,  Refrigerants. 

PSYDRA'CIA,  quasi,  xlvKfia  'vSpaKia,  'cold 
drops,'  from  i^uf^af,  t^vipaKng,  'a  small  blister  or 
pimple.'  The  ancients  sometimes  used  this  term 
for  pimples  ;  at  others,  for  uesi'c/cs.  Willan  and 
Bateman  define  Psydracium  to  be,  a  small  pus- 
tule, often  irregularly  circumscribed,  producing 
but  a  slight  elevation  of  the  cuticle,  and  termi- 
nating in  a  laminated  scab.  Man_v  of  the  psy- 
dracia  usually  appear  together,  and  become  con- 
fluent; and,  after  the  discharge  of  pus,  they  poiir 
out  a  thin,  watery  humour;  which  frequently 
forms  an  irregular  incrustation.  Frank  limits 
the  term  to  a  psoriform  eruption,  which  differs 
from  itch  in  not  originating  from  an  insect,  and 
is  not  contagious; — perhaps  the  lichen.  Authors 
have  differed  regarding  its  acceptation. 


PSYLLIUM 


768 


rXERYGOID 


PsYBK.VOiA  AcxK.  Acne. 

PSYLLIUM,  Plantago  psyllium— p.  Erectuin, 
Plantagi)  psyllium. 

PTARAIICA,  Achillea  ptarmica — p.  Montana, 
Arnica  moiitana. 

PTARMICUM.  Errhine,  Sternutatory. 

PTARMOS,  Sneezing. 

PTELEA,  Ulmus. 

Ptelka  Tkifolia'tA,  SJn-nhhy  trefoil,  SipriJtip 
do(/}oo(>d.  Stinking  ask,  jSlinkinij  prairie  biiuli, 
Wingxeed  ;  indij^enous.  0/v^fr,  Xanthoxylaceiie. 
Flowering  in  June.  Is  said  to  be  possesised  of 
antiperiodic  virtues,  and  to  be  anthelmintic. 

PTERIS,  Pi.lypodium  filix  mas. 

Pteris  Aqum.i'na,'  (irrtpiif,  'a  wing.'  from  the 
shape  of  its  leaves.)  Pter'ia,  Thelyp'terin,  Filix 
Nympha'a  sou  foemin'ea,  Asple')iium  aqnili'nnm, 
Common  Brake  or  Female  Fern;  Eagle  Fern, 
Bracken,  (F.)  Fnngere  femelle,  La  grande  Fou- 
gere.  A^at.  Ord.  Filiees.  The  root  is  considered 
to  be  anthelmintic;  and  as  efficacious  as  that  of 
the  male  fern  in  cases  of  tapeworm. 

Pteris  Palitstris,  Aspleuium  fili.x  foemina. 

PTERNA,  Calcaneum. 

PTERNIUM,  Calcaneum. 

PTERNOBATES,  Calcigradus. 

PTEROCARPUS  ERINACEA,  see  Kino  — p. 
Marsupium,  see  Kino  — p.  Sandalinus,  P.  Santa- 
linus. 

Pterocar'pus  Santali'nus,  P.  Sandali'nun, 
(iTTepov,  'a  wing,'  and  Kapnoq,  'fruit,')  San'talinn 
seu  San'dnlum  Riihrum,  Red  Sanderx  or  Saunders 
Tree,  (F.)  Sant<il  rouge.  Ord.  Leguminosffi. 
Sex.  Si/nt.  Diadelphia  Decandria.  Red  Saunders 
■wood,  San'lalum,  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  Lignum  aandali'- 
num  is  used  only  as  a  colouring  matter:  it  gives 
to  rectified  spirit  a  fine  deep  red.  The  juice  of 
this  tree,  like  that  of  P.  Draco,  affords  a  species 

of   Drarinn'n  Rlood. 

PTEROCAULON  PYCNOSTACII'YUM,  Co- 
ny'za  pi/cnostach'ya,  Black  root ;  indigenous. 
Order,  Compositae.  The  root  is  used  as  an  alte- 
rative in  the  form  of  decoction.  It  is  said  to  be 
possessed  of  cathartic  properties. 

PTEROS'PORA  ANDROMEDE'A,  (mcpov,  'a 
■wing,'  and  a-ropa,  'seed,'  in  allusion  to  the  singu- 
lar wing  borne  by  the  seeds,)  Scaly  Dragon  claw, 
Dragon  root.  Fever  root,  Albany  heechdrop.  An 
indigenous  plant,  Nat.  Ord.  Monotropeae,  .Sex. 
Syat.  Decandria  Monogynia: — found  in  the  State 
of  New  York,  which  blossoms  in  July.  The  root 
has  been  regarded  as  an  anthelmintic,  diuretic, 
emmena2;o<4ue,  <fec.  :  but  is  not  used. 

PTERYG'ION,  Pteryg'iinn,  Ala,  from  vrcpvl, 
TTTEpvyoi.  '  a  wing.'  A  small  wing.  Web,  Ony.r, 
Pyo'ais,  Ungnin,  (F.)  Drapean,  Onglet.  A  vari- 
co?e  excrescence  of  the  conjunctiva,  of  a  trian- 
gular shape,  and  commonly  occurring  at  the  inner 
angle  of  the  eye;  whence  it  extends  over  the 
cornea.  Sometimes  two  or  three  pterygia  occur 
on  the  same  eye,  and  cover  the  whole  cornea 
■with  a  thick  veil,  which  totally  prevents  vision. 
According  to  Scarpa,  the  ancients  gave  the  name 
Pannic'itlns  to  this  last  complication.  If  the 
pterygion  cannot  be  dispelled  by  means  of  discu- 
tient  coUvrirt,  it  must  be  removed  by  the  scissors. 

PTERYGIUM,  Pterygion.  Scapula— p.  Digiii. 
Paronychia — p.  Lardaceum,  Pinguecula— p.  Pin- 
gue,  Pinguecula. 

PTER'YGO,  in  the  composition  of  anatomical 
terms,  means  relating,  or  appertaining,  to  the 
ptervffoid  processes. 

PTERYGO-ANGULI-MAXTLLAIRE.  Ptery- 
goideus  internus — p.  Colli-maxiUaire,  Pterygoid- 
eus  externus — p.  ^fn.ritlnire.  grand,  Pterygoideus 
internus — p.  Maxillaire,  petit,  Pterygoideus  ex- 
ternus—  p.  Palatine  canal.  Pterygoid  canal — p. 
Pharyngeus,  Constrictor  pharyngis  —  p.  Staphy- 
linus,  Ciroumfiexus. 


PTER'YGO-PAL'ATINE,  Plerygo.Palatl'n„». 
That  which  belongs  to  the  pterygoid  process  and 
palate. 

PterYGO-PalATINR  AnrRRy  or  Superior  pha. 
ryngeal  is  a  very  small  artery,  and  is  given  otl' by 
the  internal  maxillary  at  the  bottom  of  the  zygo- 
matic fossa:  after  having  passed  through  tlio 
pterygo-palatine  canal,  it  is  distributed  to  tlio 
sui)erior  part  of  the  pharynx,  the  sphenoid  bone, 
and  the  Eustachian  tube. 

Ptkrygo-Palatine  Canal.  A  small  eaniil, 
formed  by  the  internal  ala  of  the  pterygoid  pro- 
cess, and  the  palate  bone.  It  gives  passage  to 
the  vessels  of  the  same  name. 

PT  ERYGO-STA  PHY  LINUS  INTERNUS, 
Levator  i)nliiti — -/).  SyudesDio-utaphyli-jjharyngiin, 
Constrictor  ])haryngis. 

PTERYGODES,  Alatus. 

V'Y¥uK'Yl3iOlJ),PterygoVdes,Ptery(jotdi:'ns,Ali- 
for'tnin  ;  from -r£pi;|,  Trrtpuyos,  'awing,'  and  ciiiof, 
'  form.'  A  name  given  to  two  procesms  at  the  in- 
ferior surface  of  the  sphenoid  bone;  the  two  la- 
miniJB  which  form  them  having  been  compared  to 
wings.  These  ala  or  wingn  or  proceKnen, — I'rocen'- 
sus  aliform'es,  —  have  been  distinguished,  ac- 
cording to  their  position,  into  internal  [ento-pte- 
rygoid)  and  external. 

Pterygoid  Artery,  Vid'ian  Artery,  I'am'uhm 
Ductds  Pterygo'ide'i,  Arte'ria  pharynge'a  Hupre'- 
mn,  arises  from  the  internal  maxillary  artery,  nt 
the  bottom  of  the  zygomatic  fossa,  and  enters  the 
pterygoid  canal  with  the  nerve  of  the  same  name, 
to  proceed  to  be  distributed  on  the  Eustachian 
tube  and  velum  palati.  The  name,  pterygoid 
arteries,  is  likewise  given  to  the  branches,  which 
the  internal  maxillary  and  some  of  its  divisions, 
as  the  meningea  media,  and  posterior  temporalis 
profunda,  furnish  to  the  pterygoid  muscles,  be- 
hind the  neck  of  the  lower  jaw. 

Pterygoid  Bone,  Sphenoid. 

Pterygoid  Canal,  Vid'ian  canal,  Ductm pte- 
rygoideus, Cana'lis  Vidia'nus,  (P.)  Conduit  ptery- 
go'idien  ou  Vidien,  Pterygo-palatine  canal,  is  a 
narrow  channel,  which  traverses,  in  a  direction 
from  before  to  behind,  the  base  of  the  pterygoid 
process,  and  gives  passage  to  the  pterygoid  nerve. 
The  foramina  of  the  sphenoid,  which  terminate 
the  canals,  have  the  same  epithets  applied  to 
them. 

Pterygoid  Fossa,  Fossa  Pierygdide'a,  (F.) 
Fosse  pterygo'idienne  ou  pterygo'ide,  is  the  de- 
pression which  separates  the  two  lamina;  or  ala) 
of  the  pterygoid  process. 

Pterygoid  Mus'cles,  Ala'res  mns'cnli,  Ali- 
form'es mns'culi,  are  two  in  tmmber.  1.  The 
Pterygoideus  externus  seu  minor,  (F.)  Plfrygo- 
colli-maxillaire.  Petit  Pterygo-maxillaire  (Cli.), 
Petit  pterygoid ie}i,  Pterygoidien  externe,  is  a 
thick,  short  muscle,  which  arises,  by-  short  .'iiio- 
neuroses,  from  the  outer  surface  of  the  external 
ala  of  the  pterygoid  process,  and  from  the  outer 
surface  of  the  great  ala  of  the  s[ilR'niiid  bone; 
and  is  inserted  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  neck 
of  the  lower  jaw-bone,  and  the  corresponding  port 
of  the  inter-articular  fibro-cartilage.  This  muscle 
draws  the  condyle  of  the  lower  jaw  and  the  inter- 
articular  ligament  forwards.  It  carries  the  chin 
forwards,  and  to  the  opposite  side.  If  the  two 
external  pter3'goids  act  together,  the  jaw  is  car- 
ried directly  forwards.  2.  The  Pterygoideus  in- 
ternus seu  major,  Afasse'ter  intem'us,  Liilens  in 
Ore,  (F.)  Grand  Pifrygo-niaxilhiire,  Pterygo- 
angnli-maxillaire.  Grand  Pterygoidien  ou  I'lery- 
go'idien  interne.  A  thick,  quailrilatcral  inusclo, 
which  is  attached  by  short  and  very  strong  apo- 
neuroses; above,  t<>  the  pterygoid  ('dssa,  whence 
it  proceeds  downwards,  backwarils,  and  outwards, 
to  be  inserted  into  the  inner  surface  of  the  ramus 
of  the  lower  jaw,  near   its  angle.     This  muscle 


PTERYGOlDIEN 


7C9 


PUCIIURY 


raise3  the  lower  jaw,  and  oarries  it  a  little  for- 
WiinlK.     It  also  perlbruis  the  grinding  motion. 

PTKiiVGOir)  Ni;iivES.  These  are  two  in  num- 
ber. I.  The  Pterygoid  or  Vid'ian  Nerve.  It 
arises  from  the  posterior  part  of  the  spheno- 
palatine ganglion  ;  traverses  the  Vidian  canal  of 
the  sphenoid;  and,  heyond,  divides  into  two  fila- 
ments. 1.  A  Hiiperior  or  crntiiid,  NerviiK  miperji- 
cid'Un  sive  petro'sn»,  which  ascends  into  the  cra- 
nium, and  enters  the  hiatus  of  Fallopius  to  unite 
with  the  facial  nerve.  2.  An  inferior  or  carotid, 
Nervnn  profundus  sive  major,  which  traverses  the 
carotid  canal,  and  unites  with  the  ascending 
branches  of  the  superior  cervical  ganglion  of  the 
trisplanchnic.  ll.  The  Pterygoid  Nerve,  pro- 
perly so  called,  Nervun  viiiscitli  pterygo'idei,  is 
given  off  by  the  inferior  maxillary  branch  of  the 
5th  pair. 

PTEiiYGoin  Processes,  see  Pterygoid. 

PTERYGO'iDlEN  GRAND  oo  INTERNE, 
Pterygoideus  internus — p.  E.rtertie,  Pterygoideus 
externus — p.  I'ulit,  Pterygoideus  externus. 

PTEllYGO'MA,  from  -nrcpvi,,  icTcpvyoi,  '  a  wing; 
a  projecting  or  pendulous  body.'  A  swelling  of 
the  vulva,  which  prevents  coition.  —  M.  A.  Seve- 
rinus. 

PTEIIYX,  Ala. 

PTILOSIS,  Deplumatio,  Madarosis. 

PTISAXA,  Tisane  —  p.  Communis,  Decoctum 
hordei  compositum  —  p.  Hippocratica,  Decoctum 
hordei. 

PTISSANA,  Tisane. 

PTOCIIIA'TER,  r lochia' friis,  from  vti^xos, 
'poor,'  and  lurpof,  'a  physician.'  A  physician  to 
the  poor,  or  to  an  establishment  for  the  poor. 

PTOCHIATRI'A.  Practice  amongst  the  poor. 
Also,  an  institution  for  the  treatment  of  the  dis- 
eases of  the  poor. 

PTOCIIOCOMI'UM,  from  nruixo?,  'a  poor  per- 
son,' and  KOficiii,  '1  take  care  of;'  Ptochoilochi'itm, 
Ptochei'um,  P tochot raphe' um.  An  almshouse.  An 
hospital  for  the  poor. 

PTOCIIODOCIIIUM,  Ptochoeomium. 

PTOCIIOTROPHEUM,  Ptochoeomium. 

PTOMA,  Cadaver. 

PTOSIS,  irroxrif.  Prolapsus  —  p.  Bulbi  oculi, 
Exophthaliiiia. 

Ptosis  I'ridis,  Iridoce'le,  Her'nia  seu  Prolap- 
«iM  I'ridis,  Iridnpto'sis,  from  vTiucri;,  'a  fall- 
ing.' A  prolapsus  of  the  iris  through  a  wound 
of  the  cornea.  It  is  known  by  a  blackish  tubercle, 
which  projects  a  little  from  the  cernea  in  various 
forms. 

Ptosis  Palprbr,*;,  Blopharoptosis, 

PTYALAGOGUE,  Sialogogue. 

PTYALIN,  see  Saliva. 

PTYALISM,  Salivation. 

PTYAL/SME,  Salivation— 2).  Mercuriel,  Sali- 
vation, mercurial. 

PTYALISMUS,  Salivation  —p.  Acutus  melli- 
tus,  see  Salivation — p.  Acutus  sympathetieus,  see 
Salivation — p.  Hydrargyratus,  Salivation,  mercu- 
rial— p.  Iners,  Slavering — p.  Mereurialis,  Saliva- 
tion, mercurial  —  p.  Pyrosicus,  Pyrosis. 

PTYALOGOGUE,  Sialogogue. 

PTYALO>f,  Saliva. 

PTYASMAGOGUE,  Expectorant,  Sialogogue. 

PTYELOX,  Saliva,  Sputum. 

PTYSIS,  Exspuition. 

PTYSMA,  Saliva,  Sputum. 

PTYSMAGOGUE.  Sialogogue. 

PTYSMATIS'CHESIS,  Ptysmatos'chesis,  from 
XTvafia,  'sputum,'  and  i<t;^£ii',   'to  retain.'     Sup- 
pression of  pulmonary  expectoration. 
PTYSMATOSCIIESIS,  Ptysmatisehesis. 
PUANTEUIl,  Dysodia. 
PUHENS.  Ephebus. 
PUHER.  Ephebus. 

PU'BERAL;  same  etymon  as  Puberty.    Re- 
49 


lating  or  appertaining  to  the  age  of  puberty  —  a< 
'  a,  puberal  disease.' 

PUR  ERE,  Ephebus. 

PUBERTAS,  Ephebia. 

PU'BERTY',  Pubertns,  Hehe,  Pales,  Aphro- 
dis'ia,  Ephehi'a,  Ephe'bia,  Ephe'botes,  Ephebo'- 
syne,  Pubes'cence,  from  pnbescere,  '  to  begin  to 
have  hair  on  the  chin  and  sexual  organs.'  TLe 
period  of  life  at  which  young  people  of  both  sexes 
are /)i(6e«'c'e?i(  or  nubile.  According  to  the  civil 
law,  puberty  occurs  at  12  years  in  females,  and 
14  in  males.  The  period  varies  somewhat  in  dif- 
ferent climates,  and  in  different  individuals  of 
the  same  climate. 

PUBES,  Pubis,  Epis'ch'ion,  Cteis,  Perten  ;  the 
Pubic  region.  Same  etymon.  The  middle  part 
of  the  hypogastric  region  ;  so  called,  because  it  is 
covered  with  hair,  in  both  sexes,  at  the  period  nf 
puberty.  The  hair  is  also  called  Pubes,  Lonu'(/o 
seu  Pili,  Pudeudo'rum,  Plautn'riiiin  ;  and,  of  old, 
Epicten'iou  and  pubertas  signified  the  same.  See 
Tressoria. 

Pubes,  Puberty. 

PUBESCENCE,  Puberty. 

PUBESCENT,  see  Puberty. 

PUBI.EUS,  Pubic. 

PUBIC,  Pu'bian,  Pu'bicus,  PhUcr'hs,  (F.) 
Pubien.  That  which  belongs  to  or  concerns  the 
pubis. 

Pubic  Arch,  Arch  of  the  Pubis,  (F.)  Arcade 
pubienne.  The  arch  at  the  anterior  part  of  the 
inferior  circumference  of  the  pelvis.  It  is  more 
expanded  in  the  female  than  in  the  male;  to  cor- 
respond with  the  additional  functions  which  she 
has  to  execute. 

Pubic  Articula'tion,  Sym'physis  Pubis,  re- 
sults from  the  junction  of  the  ossa  pubis.  The 
medium  of  union  is  cartilage. 

Pubic  Lig'amk.nts  are  two  very  solid,  fibrous 
faseiip,  situate  before  and  beneath  the  symphysis 
pubis,  which  they  strengthen.  The  one  is  called 
the  anterior  pubic  ligament  j  the  other  the  infe- 
rior or  subpubic. 

Pubic  Region,  Re'gio  Pubis.  The  region  of 
the  pubes. 

PURIEN,  Pubic. 

PUBIO-COCUYGIEN-ANNVLAIRE. 
Pubio-coccyge'us  anuula'ris.  Dumas  gave  this 
name  to  the  levator  ani  and  ischio-coccygeus, 
which  he  considers  a  single  muscle. 

P  UlilO-  CO  CO  YGIEN-ANNULA  IRE,  Leva  - 
tor  Ani  — p.  Femoral,  Peetinalis  —  p.  Femoralis, 
Adductor  longus  femoris  —  p.  Ombllieal,  Pyra- 
midalis  abdominis  —  p.  Prostaticus,  Compressor 
prostatas — p.  Sous-ombilical,  'PynxmxdinWs  abdo- 
minis—  p.  Sternal,  Rectus  abdominis  —  p.  Ure- 
thral, see  Compressor  Urethrae. 

PUBIS.  Pubes. 

Pubis  Os,  Os  Pec'tinis,  Episei'on,  Ejiisi'on, 
Epis'chion,  Share  Bone,  liar-bone,  (Sc.)  Art:, 
beiu.  The  anterior  part  of  the  os  innominatum  : 
so  called  because  it  corresponds  to  the  genitnl 
organs  and  pubic  region.  The  <tn;/le  of  the  pubii 
is  formed  by  the  union  of  the  body  and  rami  of 
each  side. 

PUB'LICiE  PARTES.  '  Public  parts.'  Those 
organs  are  so  called,  the  object  of  whose  func- 
tions is  the  nutrition  of  all  the  others.  Such  are 
the  digestive  and  respiratory  organs. 

PUCCOON.  Sanguinaria  Canadensis  — p.  Red, 
Sanguinaria  Canadensis — p.  Y'ellow,  Hydrastis 
Canadensis. 

PUCE,  Pulex  irritans — p.  de  Bourgogne,  see 
Anthrax — p.  Maligne,  see  Anthrax — p.  Pene- 
trant e,  Chi  que. 

PUCELAOE,  Virginity. 

PUCELLE,  Virgin. 

PUCHA-PAT,  Pogostemon  patchouli. 

PUCHURY,  see  Picburim  beans. 


PUCHYRY 


0 


PULMO 


PTJCTIYRY,  see  Pichurim  beans. 

PUCKLE.  Papula. 

PUDDINU-GRASS.  Mentha  pulegium. 

PU1)DIN(}-PIPE  TREE,  Ca.-sia  fLKtiila. 

PUDENDA,  Genital  organs — p.  Yirurum,  Pu- 
dibilia. 

PUDEND'AGRA.  A  hybrid  word;  from  ;;«- 
dcudu,  (pndere,  'to  be  ashamed,')  'the  genital 
organs,'  and  the  Greek  aypa,  '  a  seizure.'  Accord- 
ing to  some,  this  terni  means  pain  in  the  genital 
parts  :  Dolor  piidendu'rum,  Men'tiilagra,  ^dceo- 
d'jn'la ;  according  to  others,  it  is  synonymous 
with  syphilis. 

PuDE.NDAGRA  Pruriexs,  Prurigo  pudendi  mu- 
liebris. 

PUDEN'DAL,  Pudenda'lia.  Relating  or  ap- 
pertaining to  the  pudenda. 

Puden'dal  Her'nia.  Hernia,  which  descends 
between  the  vagina  and  ramus  ischii,  and  forms 
an  oblong  tumour  in  the  labium;  traceable  in  the 
pelvis  as  far  as  the  os  uteri. 

PUDENDALIS,  Pudendal. 

PUDENDALIS      LONGUS     INFERIOR,     SCO      Sciatic 

nerve   lesser. 

PUDENDUM,  FEMALE,  Vulva— p.  Muliebre, 
Vulva. 

PUDENDUS,  Pudic. 

PUDIBIL'IA;  irom  pndere,  'to  be  ashamed.' 
The  male  genital  organs;  Genita'Ua  Viri,  Viril'ia, 
Penail' ia,  lustrumen'ta,  Puden'da  viro'rwn,  Poil- 
dus. 

PUDIC,  Pudi'cus,  Puden'dns,  (F.)  Honteux. 
Same  etymon.  That  which  causes  shame.  A 
name  given  to  the  genital  organs  as  well  as  to 
different  other  parts. 

Pudic  Arteries  are  distributed  to  the  organs 
cf  generation.  They  are, — 1.  The  internal  Pudic, 
Arteria  Pudi'ca,  A.  puden'da  conimu'nis,  (F.) 
Art^re  honteuse  interne,  A.  Sons-pnhienne  (Ch.), 
Gen'ital  Ar'tery.  It  is  furnished  by  the  hypo- 
gastric, and  divides  into  two  branches;  the  one 
—  the  inferior  ov  perineal — which  gives  off  the 
inferior  hemorrhoidal  and  the  artery  of  the  sep- 
tum ;  the  other  —  the  superior,  (F.)  Ischiope- 
iileune  —  which  furnishes  the  transverse  perineal 
artery,  and  divides  into  two  branches  ;  the  artery 
of  the  corpus  cavernonum,  and  the  dorsalis  penis. 
This  latter,  in  the  female,  has  the  name  Dorea'Us 
Clitor'idis.  2.  The  external  Pudic  Arteries,  (F.) 
Artires  scrotales  ou  vulvaires  (Ch.),  A.  honteusea 
externes,  which  are  two  in  number.  The  one  is 
superficial  or  subcutaneous,  and  the  other  deep- 
seated  or  subaponeurotic.  They  are  given  off 
from  the  femoral  artery,  or  some  one  of  its 
branches ;  and  are  distributed  to  the  external 
parts  of  generation. 

Pudic  Nerve,  (F.)  Nerf  honteux  ou  ischio-pe- 
vien  ou  IscJiio-clitorien,  is  a  branch  furnished  by 
the  sacral  plexus,  which  is  distributed  to  the 
genital  organs ;  and,  especially,  to  the  penis  in 
man,  and  the  clitoris  in  the  female. 

PU'ERILE,  Pueri'lis,  from  puer,  'a  child,' 
(F.)  Pueril.  Appertaining  or  relating  to  childhood. 

Respiration  puerile  ou  exarjhee  ou  supplenien- 
tnire  ou  hypervesiculaire  : — a  term  applied  to  the 
respiration  when  it  is  heard  loud  through  the 
stethoscope,  as  in  healthy  children. 

PUERILITAS,  Dementia  of  the  aged. 

PUERITIA,  see  Age. 

PUER'PERA,  from  puer,  'a  child,'  and  pnrere, 
'  to  bring  forth.'  Tokas,  Lochos,  Enix'a,  Lecho, 
a  lyiiirj-in  woman,  (F.)  Femme  en  Couclie,  Ac- 
couchee.  A  female  in  child-bed.  One  recently 
delivered. 

PUER'PERAL,  Puerpern'lis;  from  puerpera. 
Relating  to  parturition  and  its  consequences. 

Puerperal  Convulsions,  Eclampsia  gravida- 
rum et  parturientium. 

PcEu'PERAL    Fever.      Any    fever    occurring 


during  the  puerperal  state — Febris  puerpera' rum, 
Lechop'yra,  J.ocliiocdlii'tis,  Lochiop'yra,  Ln. 
chop'yrn,  Child-bed  fever.  Most  coniriioiily  re- 
stricted to  a  miilisinant  variety  of  peritonitis. 

PUEUPERIUM,  Child-bed  state. 

PUERPERUUS,  Parturient. 

PUFF,  Lycoperdon. 

PUFF,  VEILED,  see  Cavernous  respiration. 

PUFF-BALL,  Lycoperdon,  Leontodon  taraxa- 
cum. 

PUF'FINESS,  from  (D.)  poffen,  'to  blow:' 
Infla'tio,  Sujla'tio,  Tumefac'tio  mollls,{l\)  Jlouf. 
fissure,  Boursou/lure.  A  soft  intumescence,  with- 
out redness,  which  may  be  partial  or  gunend,  and 
be  produced  by  accumulation  of  serous  fiuitl,  ex- 
travasation of  blood,  effusion  of  air  into  ihe  sub- 
cutaneous areolar  tissue,  Ac.  Puffiness  is  most 
frequently  seen  in  the  face  and  legs;  and  some- 
times appears  around  a  wound. 

PUGIL'LUS,  Drax,  Dra'chion,  diminutive  of 
puf/nus,  'the  fist.'  Dragma,  Draymis,  (F.)  Pin- 
tee.  The  quantity  of  any  substance,  which  may 
be  taken  with  the  ends  of  two  or  three  fingers. 
The  eighth  part  of  a  handful. 

PUGTEETII,  Canine  teeth, 

PUISSANCE  DU  MOULE  INTERIEUR, 
Plastic  force. 

PUKE,  Emetic. 

PUKEWEED,  Lobelia  inflata. 

PUKING,  Vomiting,  Regurgitation. 

PULEGIUM,  Mentha  pulegium — p.  Cervinum, 
Mentha  cervina. 

PULEX  IRRI'TANS.  The  common  Jlea,  (F.) 
Puce.  A  parasitic  insect  found  on  the  bodies  of 
man  and  animals. 

Pulex  Penetrans,  Chiqne. 

PULICARIA  DYSENTERICA,  Inula  dysen- 
terica. 

PULICA'RIS,  Pulicula'ria,  (F.)  Pulienire, 
from  pulex,  pulicis,  'a  gnat.'  An  epithet  given 
to  cutaneous  eruptions  resembling  gnat-bites;  — 
and,  also,  to  diseases  in  which  such  eruptions 
occur. 

Pulicaris  Herb  a,  Plantago  psyllium. 

PtiLLNA,  PILNA  or  BILNA,  MINERAL 
WATERS  OF.  These  well  known  bitter  Bohe- 
mian springs  contain  sulphates  of  soda  and  mag- 
nesia, and  chloride  of  magnesium.   ^ 

PULMO,  (pi.)  Pulmo'nes ;  b}'  transposition  of 
the  letter  I  from  pleumon,  ttAcu/jui/;  Pneuinon, 
Pleumon,  Spiramen'tum  an'imce,  Erj/asle' riim 
spir'itils,  FlabeW um  et  ventila'brum  cordis,  Lii/hts, 
The  essential  organ  of  respiration,  which  is  dou- 
ble, and  occupies  the  two  sides  of  the  chest.  The 
lungs,  which  are  of  a  spongy,  soft,  flexible,  com- 
pressible, and  dilatable  structure,  fill  exactly  the 
two  cavities  of  the  thorax,  and  are  separated  from 
each  other  by  the  mediastinum  and  the  heart. 
The  right  lung,  which  is  shorter  and  broader 
than  the  left,  is  divided,  by  two  oblique  fissures, 
into  three  unequal  lobes,  Lobi  seu  Aim  pulnio'niim. 
The  left  has  only  two  lobes,  and  consequently 
only  one  fissure.  At  the  internal  surface  of  those 
organs,  which  is  slightly  concave,  there  is,  about 
the  middle,  a  pedicle,  formed  by  the  bronchia  and 
pulmonary  vessels,  and  called,  by  anatomists,  the 
root  of  the  lunr/s,  (F.)  Racine  des  Poumous.  Es- 
sentially, the  lungs  are  composed  of  prolongations 
and  ramifications  of  the  bronchia,  and  of  the  pul- 
monary arteries  and  veins, — the  divisions  of  which 
are  supported  by  a  fine,  areolar  tissue. 

When  the  surface  of  the  lungs  is  examined  in  a 
clear  light,  we  m.-iy  see,  even  through  the  pleura, 
that  their  parenchyma  is  formed  by  the  aggrega- 
tion of  a  multitude  of  small  vesicles,  of  an  irregu- 
larly spheroid  or  ovoid  shape,  full  of  air,  and 
separated  by  white  and  opake  septa,  cons^tituting 
lozenge-shaped  spaces,  which  are  called  loluUi— 


PULMOMETER 


771 


PULSE 


liih'iili  scu  in'milcB  pulmoua'lei  —  and  which  are 
separated  by  interlobular  areolar  tissue.  These 
lobules  do  not  coinmunic-ate  with  each  other. 
The  vesicles  are  called  Air-cells,  Spiramen' ta  seu 
Hinram'ina  seu  Cell'ulcB  Pidmo'num.  Along  the 
partitions  or  septa  is  deposited,  in  greater  or  less 
quantity,  hluck  pulmonarij  matter,  (F.)  Matiere 
piiliii'iiKtire  noire,  as  it  has  been  called,  which 
ueeins  to  be  natural.  Sometimes  it  is  seen  in 
points;  at  others,  in  spots.  The  colour  of  the 
lungs  varies  according  to  age  and  other  circura- 
gtimces.  In  youth,  it  is  more  red;  and  after- 
wards, grayish  or  bluish  ;  often,  as  if  marbled. 
The  pleura  pulmonalis  is  their  investing  mem- 
brane. The  air  is  carried  to  the  lungs  by  means 
of  the  trachea  and  bronchia.  The  black  venous 
blood,  which  requires  oxygenation,  is  conveyed 
to  them  from  the  heart,  by  the  pulmonary  artery; 
an-d  when  it  has  undergone  this  change,  it  is  re- 
turned to  the  heart  by  the  pulmonary  veins.  The 
blood-vessels  inservient  to  the  nutrition  of  the 
lungs  are  the  bronchial  arteries  and  veins.  The 
pulmonary  lymphatics  are  very  numerous.  Some 
are  superficial ;  others,  deep-seated.  They  pass, 
fur  the  most  part,  into  the  bru)i';hi(il  gfvxjlions  or 
(jlttiidn.  The  nerves  are  furnished  by  the  pulmo- 
nary ple.xus. 

PULMOMETER,  Spirometer. 

PULMOMETRY,  see  Spirometer. 

PULMONAIRE,  Pulmonaria  —  p.  en  Arhre, 
Lichen  pulmonaria — j).  de  Cliene,  Lichen  pulmo- 
naria  —  p.  des  Fran<;(ii8,  Ilieracium  murorum. 

PULMONA'RIA,  P.  Officina'lis  seu  Macila'la 
seu  Mncitlo'sn,  Linif/wort,  Spotted  Lungwort,  Jeru'- 
B'dem  Coicilip,  JeriiH(dem  iS<if/e,  Spotted  Uonifrei/, 
(F.)  Pnlmonirire,  Snurje  de  Jerusalem.  Ord.  Bo- 
niginacese.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Monogynia. 
The  leaves  of  this  plant  have  been  used  as  de- 
mulcents and  pectorals  ;  partly  from  their  resem- 
blance to  lungs  —  hence  the  name,  from  pidmo, 
pnlinonis,  'the  lung'  —  and  partly  because  thoy 
have  a  slightly  mucilaginous  taste.  The  plant  is 
not  worthy  of  notice. 

PlIL^fONARIA,  Pneumonia — p.  Arborea,  Lichen 
pulmonarius  —  p.  Gallica,  Ilieracium  murorum  — 
p.  Officinalis,  Pulmonaria — p.  Virginica,  Merten- 
sia  Virginica. 

PUL'MONARY,  Pulmonn'ris,  Pnlmona'lis, 
from  pidmo,  pulmonis,  '  the  lung.'  That  which 
relates  or  belongs  to  the  lungs.  A  name  given 
to  various  parts. 

PuLMONAKY  Artery,  Arfe'ria  pulmonn'ris. 
Vena  arterio'sa,  arises  from  the  upper  and  left 
part  of  the  right  ventricle  of  the  heart;  whence 
it  passes  obliquely  upwards  and  to  the  left  side; 
dividing  into  two  trunks,  opposite  the  second 
dorsal  vertebra  —  one  passing  to  each  lung.  At 
its  origin,  it  is  furnished  with  three  sigmoid  or 
semilunar  valves.  It  carries  the  blood  to  the 
Itmgs  for  aeration. 

Pulmonary  Matter,  Black,  see  Pulmo. 

Pulmonary  Plexus,  Plexus  pulmonn'ris.  A 
considerable  nervous  network,  situate  behind  the 
bronchia,  which  is  formed  by  the  filaments  of  the 
pneumogastric  nerve  or  par  vagum,  and  by  other 
lilaments  from  the  inferior  cervical  ganglion  and 
tiie  first  thoracic  ganglia.  This  plexus  forms  a 
kind  of  areolar  web,  with  numerous  meshes  of 
different  sizes,  in  which  vessels  are  lodged,  sur- 
rounded by  much  areolar  tissue.  This  plexus 
sends  filaments  to  the  bronchia,  which  they  ac- 
company to  their  extremities. 

Pulmonary  Veins,  Vence  pulmonn'res,  Arte'- 
ri(B  veno'scB.  These  arise  in  the  lungs  from  the 
final  terminations  of  the  arteries  of  the  same 
name;  collect  in  ramusculi  and  rami  of  greater 
and  greater  size,  and  ultimately  unite  in  four 
trunks;    two  of  whiuh  issue  from  each  lung  to 


open  into  the  left  auricle  of  the  heart.  The  pul- 
monary veins  have  the  same  structure  as  the 
other  veins  of  the  body  ;  from  which  they  diff"er, 
in  conveying  arterial  blood,  as  the  pulmonary 
artery  differs  from  the  others  in  conveying  venous 
blood.  They  carry  the  blood  back  to  the  heart 
after  aeration. 

PULiMONES  TARTARIZATI,  Lithiasis  pul- 
monum. 

PULMONIA,  Phthisis  pulmonalis,  Pneumonia. 

PULMON'IC,  Pulmon'icus,  Pneumon'icns.  Pul- 
moua'rius,  Pneumou'ic,  (F.)  Pulmouique,  Pneu- 
monique.  Same  etymon  as  Pulmonary.  One 
affected  with  phthisis  —  one  labouring  under  dis- 
eases of  the  lungs.  Any  thing  relating  or  be- 
longing to  the  lungs.    A  medicine  for  the  lungs. 

PULP,  Pulpa,  Pulpa'mcn,  Sarx,  (F.)  Pulpe, 
Pulpolite.  The  soft  and  parenchymatous  parts 
of  vegetables  reduced  to  a  paste  by  the  operation 
of  pulping.  Applied,  also,  to  parts  of  the  human 
body,  which  have  the  characters  of,  or  resemble  a 
pulp. 

Pulp  of  the  Fingers,  (F.)  Puljye  des  doigis. 
The  fleshy  extremity  of  the  fingers. 

Pulp  of  the  Tooth,  Dental  pulp. 

PULPA  CASSIA,  see  Cassia  fistula  — p.  Den- 
tis.  Dental  pulp — p.  Pili,  see  Hair — p.  Pruni,  see 
Pruni  pulpa  —  p.  Prunorum  sylvestrium  condita, 
Conserva  pruni  sylvestris  —  p.  Tamarindi,  see 
Tamarind!  pulpa. 

Pulpa  Testis,  Paren'ehijma  testis.  The  pa- 
renchyma of  the  testis. 

PULPAMEN,  Pulp. 

PULPATION,  Pulping. 

PULPE,  Pulp — p.  Ccrehrnle,  see  Cerebrum — • 
p.  Dentaire,  Dental  pulp — p.dea  Doiyts,  Pulp  of 
the  fingers. 

PULPEUX,  Pulpy. 

PULPEZIA,  Apoplexj'. 

PULPING,  Pulpn'tion,  Pnlpa'tio.  An  opera- 
tion—  the  object  of  which  is  to  reduce  certain 
vegetable  substances  to  a  pulp.  For  this  pur- 
pose, they  are  bruised  in  a  mortar,  and  then 
passed  through  a  hair  sieve,  liy  the  aid  of  a 
wooden  spatula,  called  a  Pulper,  (F.)  Pulpoire. 

PULPOriiE,  see  Pulping. 

PULPOLITE,  Pulp. 

PULPY,  Pulpo'aus,  (F.)  Pulpeux.  Full  of 
pulp. 

PULQUE,  see  Agave  Americana. 

PULS  EX  OVIS  et  LACTE,  Oogala. 

PULSATIF,  Throbbing. 

PULSATILLA  NIGRICANS,  Anemone  pra- 
tensis  —  p.  Patens,  Anemone  patens  —  p.  Praten- 
sis,  Anemone  pratensis  —  p.  Vulgaris,  Anemone 
Pulsatilla. 

PULSATTLLE  NOIRE,  Anemone  pratensis 
— 2).  des  Pres,  Anemone  pratensis. 

PULSATIO,  Pulsation— p.  Cordis,  Palpitation. 

PULSA'TFON,  Pulsa'tio,  Sphygmos,  Sphyxls, 
Pede'sis,  Pedeth'mos,  (F.)  liattement.  The  beat- 
ing of  the  heart  and  arteries.  Also,  the  beating 
felt  in  an  inflamed  part. 

PULSATIVUS,  Throbbing. 

PULSATORY,  Throbbing. 

PULSE,  from  pulso,  'I  boat;'  Pulsus,  PuUa'. 
tio.  Pulsus  seu  Ictus  cordis  et  nrteria'rum,  liicur'- 
sus  nrteria'rum,  Sphygmos,  Sphygma,  Ditisphyx'it, 
(F.)  Pouls.  Beating  of  the  arteries,  produced  by 
the  afflux  of  the  blood  propelled  by  the  heart  ia 
its  contractions.  For  the  sake  of  convenience, 
we  choose  the  radial  arterj'  at  the  wrist  to  detect 
the  precise  character  of  the  pulse.  These  clia- 
racters  relate  to  the  number  of  pulsations  iu  a 


PULSE 


772 


rULSE 


given  time;  to  their  degrees  of  quickness;  hard- 
ness and  strength  :  to  the  equality  or  inequality 
either  of  the  pulsations  themselves  or  of  their 
intervals ;  to  the  development  or  fulness  of  the 


artery,  and  to  the  different  impressions  it  may 
produce  on  tlie  fni);er. 

The  following  csiimatcs  have  been  made  of  the 
pulse  at  various  ages ; 


A'je 


In  the  embryo . 

At  birth 

One  month 

One  year 

Two  years 

Three  years 

Seven  years 

Twelve  years... 

Puberty 

Adult  age 

Old  a!;e , 


Numher  of  BcaU  per  minute,  according  to 


Hederde.v. 

SoMMEMNQ. 

130  to  140 

120 

120  to  108 

108  to  90 

90  to  80 

72 

120 

110 

90 

70 

80 
70 
GO 

l.'-iO 
Do. 

11.5  to  l.'^O 

loo  to  llf) 

90  to  100 

85  to  UO 

80  to  S5 
70  to  75 
50  to  U5 


It  does  not  appear  that  the  pulse  of  the  aged 
is  less  frequent,  but  the  contrary.  In  general  it 
is  more  frequent  in  females  and  in  irritable  per- 
sons, than  in  males  and  those  of  an  opposite  tem- 
perament. In  the  healthy  state,  the  pulse,  be- 
sides having  the  proper  number  of  pulsations,  is 
neither  hard  nor  unusually  soft;  it  is  moderately 
developed  ;  of  a  medium  strength  ;  and  perfectly 
equal,  both  as  reganls  the  pulsations  and  their 
intervals.  In  diseases  it  vpanders,  more  or  less, 
from  these  physiological  conditions.  The  diffe- 
rent characters  of  the  pulse  that  have  been  re- 
corded, are  remarkably  numerous.  In  a  diction- 
ary, it  is  necessary  to  detail  them,  although  many 
of  them  are  not  now  regarded,  and  some  are  ri- 
diculous. 

Pulse,  Ardent,  Pulsus  ardeiis,  (F.)  Poids  ar- 
dent, Poitls  Sieve.  One  which  seems  to  raise  itself 
to  a  point  in  order  to  strike  the  finger. 

PuLSB,  Cap'rizant,  Pulsus  Cupri'zdns  sen  dor- 
cadis'sdiis  seu  (/(izell'niis  seu  fusa'lis,  Goatlefxp 
pulse,  (F.)  Pouls  c'ipn'sniit.  One  which  seems  to 
leap,  as  it  were;  an  imperfect  dilatation  of  the 
artery  being  succeeded  by  a  fuller  and  a  stronger 
one. 

PciLSB,  Complex,  (P.)  Pouls  combine  ou  com- 
pose,  P.  complique.  A  pulse  which  has  the  cha- 
racter of  several  critical  pulses  united. 

PlTLSE,  Co.ntract'ed,  (F.)  Pouls  serri  ou  con- 
centre. One  whose  pulsations  are  narrow,  deep, 
and  slightly  hard. 

Pulse,  Convul'sive,  Pulsus  convnhi'vns,  (F.) 
Pouls  convulsif.  That  which  is  unequally  fre- 
quent or  unequally  hard  ;  in  short,  which  resem- 
bles the  irregular  pulsations  of  a  muscular  fibre 
in  a  state  of  convulsion. 

Pulse,  Ckit'ical,  Pulsus  crit'icus.  A  pulse 
■which,  after  having  possessed  the  characters  of 
irritation,  becomes  free,  open,  soft,  &c. 

Pulse,  Decurtate,  Pulsus  myurus:  see,  also, 
Myurus. 

Pulse,  Deep,  Pulsus  pro/nn'dus,  (F.)  Pouls 
profoud.  One  which  cannot  be  felt  without  diffi- 
culty, and  without  strong  pressure  by  the  finger. 

Pulse,  Depic"ient,  Pulsus  defic"iens  seu  an'- 
nnens  et  cirrum'nuens,  P.  Flickering,  (P.)  Pouls 
defnilhtnt,  P.  insensible.  One  which  seems,  every 
instant  about  to  cease. 

Pulse,  Depressed,  Pulsus  depressus,  (F.) 
Pouls  deprime.     That  which  is  deep  and  weak. 

Pdi.SE.  Dbvel'oped,  (F.)  Poids  dhieloppi. 
That  which  is  broad,  full,  strong,  and  frequent. 

Pulse.  DicROT'iC,  Pulsus  Di'crotus  seu  bi'cro- 
tus  seu  intestina'lis  seu  hi/e'rieus  seu  mallea'ris 
seu  interci'sus  seu  duplex,  (F.)  Pouh  dicrote  ou  re- 
londissunt  ou  redouble.     That  in  which  the  finder 


is  struck  twice  at  each  pulsation;  once  lightly, 
the  other  time  more  strongly. 

Pulse,  Equal,  Pulsus  cequa'lls.  That  in 
which  the  pulsations  resemble  each  other,  and 
return  at  eqnal  intervals. 

Pulse,  Febrile,  Pulsus  fcbri'lis.  One  very 
frequent. 

Pulse,  Feeble,  P.  Wenlc,  Pulsus  deh'ilis,  (F.) 
Pouls  faille.    One  which  strikes  the  finger  feebly. 

Pulse,  Fil'iform.  P.  thready.  One  which  re- 
sembles a  thread  slightly  vibrating. 

Pulse,  Flickering,  Pulse,  deficient. 

Pulse,  Foum'icant,  Pulsus  formi'cans,  (F.) 
Pouls  fiirmicunt.  One  which  resembles,  by  being 
small  and  scarcely  perceptible,  the  motion  of  an 
ant. 

Pulse,  Frequent,  (F.)  Ponls  agitS  ou  prh:ipite. 
One  which  strikes  more  frequently  than  usual  in 
a  given  time. 

Pulse,  Full,  Pulsus  phnus,  (F.)  Pauls  pleiu. 
One  which  gives  the  notion  of  great  repletion  in 
the  vessel. 

Pulse,  Goat-leap,  P.  Caprizant. 

Pulse,  Gut'tural,  Pulsus  guttura'lls,  (F.) 
Pouls  guttural.  A  pulse  which  has  been  sup- 
posed to  indicate  the  termination  of  afleclions 
of  the  throat. 

Pulse,  Hard,  Pulsus  durus,  (F.)  Pouls  dur. 
That  in  which  the  pulp  of  the  finger  seems  to 
yield  to  the  pulsation. 

Pulse,  Hectic,  Pulsus  hec'ticns.  The  weak, 
frequent  pulse  observed  in  hectic  fever. 

Pulse,  Hemorrhoid'al,  (F.)  Pauls  des  lU- 
morrhotdes.  A  critical  pulse,  announcing  the 
appearance  of  the  hemorrhoidal  flux.  It  is  dc- 
scribecl  as  unequal;  — the  pulsations  not  being 
alike  in  force,  and  still  less  the  intervals. 

Pulse,  IIepat'ic,  (F.)  Pouls  du  Pole.  A  j)ulse 
imagined  to  indicate  aflfections  of  the  liver.  It  is 
not  worthy  of  description. 

Pulse,  Infe'rior,  (F.)  Pouls  inferieur  ou  nh- 
domiual  ou  ventral.  One  supposed  to  announce 
evacuations  below  the  diaphragm. 

Pulse,  Intercur'rent,  Pulsus  intercur'rrus 
seu  interci'dens.  One  in  which  a  superfluuus 
pulsation  seems  to  occur  from  time  to  time. 

Pulse,  Intermittent,  (F.)  Pouls  iutenadfut. 
One  in  which  the  pulsations  fail  from  time  to 
time. 

Pulse,  Intes'tLVAL,  (F.)  Pauls  des  iutcslins, 
P.  de  la  diarrhee.  A  critical  pulse,  presumed  to 
announce  an  evacuation  by  the  intestines. 

Pulse,  In'tricate,  Pulsus  intrica'lus,  (F.) 
Pouh  embarrassee.  That  which  is  but  little  de- 
veloi)ed  and  unequally  slow. 

Pulse,  Irreg'ular,  Pulsus  auorma'Us.     One 


PULSE 


PULSUS 


■whope  pul.aations  are  unequal,  and  return  at  un- 
equal interviilst. 

Pdl.SK  OK  Iruita'tion,  Puhun  nh  ii-rltatio'ne 
geu  iiervi'iiiis  scu  (icn't'iiuii.  One  which  is  fre- 
quent, hard,  and  contracted. 

Pui.sk,  Jauuing,  p.  vibrating  —  p.  Jerking, 
Pulse,  iiharp. 

Piil.sK,  liANGi'iD,  (F.)  PohIh  lanrjuiseant.  A 
glow  and  feeble  pulse. 

PiM.sE,  Laugk,  PiiIhhs  crnumtH  scu  maf/nuii, 
(F.)  I'oitU  (jiand,  P.  lanje.  That  which  is  large 
and  full. 

PiJLSR,  Long.  One  which  strikes  the  finger  to 
a  great  extent  in  length. 

PuLSK,  Low,  PuhitH  hu'milii,  (F.)  Poula  has. 
One  in  which  the  pulsations  are  scarcely  percep- 
tible. 

PilLSK,  Nasal,  (F.)  Poula  nasal  ou  capital 
ou  du  Nez.  One  supposed  to  announce  the  end 
of  an  irritation  in  the  nasal  fossae. 

Pulse,  Nat'iiral,  (F.)  Pmda  vatnrel  dea 
(ididtea  oU  juirfin't  ou  dea  adidtea  ou  viodere. 
One  that  is  eciual  and  regular  in  strength  a.nd 
fre(|ueney;  compressible,  and  devoid  of  hardness. 
Pui.SK.  Ougan'ic,  (F.)  Poids  or<faiu'</He.  One 
which  indicates  the  alTected  organ,  or  the  organ 
by  which  an  evacuation  will  take  place. 

PULSK,  Pkc'toual,  (F.)  Poula  de  V expectora- 
tion. A  critical  pulse,  announcing  the  termina- 
tion of  some  pulmonary  irritation. 

Pulse,  Quick.  One  which  strikes  sharply, 
but  not  forcibly,  against  the  finger. 

Pulse,  Reg'ular,  Pulmta  norrwi'lia  seu  rerju- 
In'ria.  One  whose  pulsations  are  equal,  and  suc- 
ceed each  other  at  equal  intervals. 

Pulse,  Hesist'ing,  (F.)  Poula  resiatant.  One 
a  little  tense,  a  little  hard. 

Pulse,  Shaup,  (F.)  Poula  prompt  ou  vite  ou 
vif.  One  which  strikes  the  finger  sharply,  ra- 
pidly. When  to  a  greater  extent,  it  is  called  a 
jerhiur/  pulae. 

Pulse,  Sharp-tailed,  Pulsus  myurus:  see 
Jlyurus. 

Pulse,  Simple,  Pahua  simplex.  A  critical 
pulse,  indicating  an  evacuation  by  one  organ 
only. 

Pulse,  Slow,  Puhua  tardus  seu  rarua,  (F.) 
Poula  lent  ou  tnrdif  o\i  rare.  One  which  strikes 
the  finger  slowly. 

Pulse,  Small,  Pidsua  pnrvua,(¥.)  Poula  petit. 
One  whose  pulsations  are  slender  and  weak. 

Pulse,  Soet,  Pulaua  mollia,  (F.)  Poula  mou. 
One  which  yields  under  the  finger. 

Pulse,  Stom'achal,  (F.)  Poula  stomacal  ou 
de  I'raiomac.  One  supposed  to  announce  an  eva- 
cuation by  the  stomach. 

Pulse,  Strong,  Puhua  fortia,  {¥.)  Poula  fort, 
P.  rfhhueut.  One  which  strikes  the  finger 
Strongly. 

PuLSK,  Supe'rior,  Pulana  Superior,  (F.)  Pouls 
tuphieur.  A  critical  pulse,  supervening  on  irri- 
tation of  organs  situate  above  the  diaphragm. 

Pulse.  Sui'PLE,  Pulaua  elaa'ticua,  (F.)  Poula 
louple.  One  in  which  the  pulsations  have  strength 
without  hardness. 

Pulse  of  Sweat,  Pulaua  Sudora'lia,  (F.)  Pouls 
Sudoral  ou  de  la  aueur.  A  critical  pulse,  indi- 
cating an  approaching  perspiration. 

Pulse,  Tense,  P.  Cordi/,  Pulaua  tenaua,  (F.) 
Poula  tendu,  P.  roide.  One  in  which  the  artery 
resembles  a  cord  fixed  at  its  two  extremities. 
When  resembling  a  wire,  it  is  called  wiry. 
Pulse,  Threapv,  P.  filiform. 
Pulse,  Trem'ulous,  Pulaua  trem'ulua,  (F.) 
Poula  tremhlnnt  ou  palpitant.  Ono  in  which 
each  pulsation  oscillates. 

PriSE  Uv'ni'LATING,  Pulaua  ftuctuo  aua  seu 
/ueim  seu  inci'deus  Sola'ni,  (F.)  Puula  ondulant 


ou  ondoyant.    One  which  resembles,  in  its  move- 
ments, those  of  the  waves. 

Pulse,  Une'ijual,  Pulaua  inaqua'lia,  (F.) 
Poula  iu(<jal.  One  whose  pulsations  are  not 
alike,  or  return  at  unequal  intervals. 

Pulse,  U'binal,  Pulaua  urina'Ua,  (F.)  Pouls 
de  I' Urine.  A  critical  pulse,  fancied  to  denote 
an  approaching  evacuation  of  urine. 

Pulse,  U'terine,  Pulaua  uteri'uua,  (F.)  Poula 
Uterine  ou  de  la  Jlatrice  ou  dea  lier/lea.  One 
which  indicates  the  flow  of  the  menses,  or  the 
occurrence  of  metrorrhagia. 

Pulse,    Vag"inal,    Pulaua    vagina'lis.       The 
pulsation  of  the  arteria  vaginalis,  which   is  in- 
creased in  pregnancy,  during  abortion,  labour,  <fec. 
Pulse,  Venous,  Pulsus  venarum. 
Pulse,   Vermic'ular.      That  which  imitates 
the  movement  of  a  worm. 

Pulse,  Vi'brating,  Jarring  Pulae.  One  in 
which  the  artery  seems  to  vibrate  like  a  musical 
string. 

Pulse,  Wiry,  see  Pulse,  tense. 
PULSELESS,  Aaphyc'toa,  Devoid  of  pulsation. 
PULSELESSNESS,  Asphyxia. 
PULSEY,  Cataplasm. 

PULSIF'IC,  Pulaif'icua;  horn  pulaua,  'pulse.' 
That  which  causes  or  excites  pulsation. 

PULSILE'GIUM,  Pulailo'i/ium,  Pulaim'eter, 
from  pulaua,  '  the  pulse,'  and  lego,  '  I  read.' 
Sphygmole'ijium,  Sphygmom'eter,  Sphygmoavop'- 
ium.  Any  instrument  for  measuring  the  quick- 
ness or  force  of  the  pulse. 

PULSLMANTI'A,  from  pulaua,  and  ^avreia, 
'  divination.'  Tlie  art  of  predicting  or  prognosti- 
catinji;  by  the  pulse. 

PULSIMETER,  Pulsilegium. 
PULSUS,  Pulse— p.  Acriticus,  Pulse  of  irrita- 
tion—  p.  vEqualis,  Pulse,  equal  —  p.  Annuens  et 
circumnuens.  Pulse,  deficient  —  p.  Anormalis, 
Pulse,  irregular— p.  Bicrotus,  Pulse,  dicrotic— p. 
Bifericns,  P.  dicrotic  —  p.  Caprizans,  Pulse,  ca- 
prizant — p.  Cordis,  see  Heart — p.  Crassus,  Pulse, 
large  —  p.  Debilis,  Pulse,  feeble  —  p.  Deficiens, 
Pulse,  deficient — p.  Dicrotus,  Pulse,  dicrotic — p. 
Dorcadissans,  Pulse,  eaprizant— p.  Duplex.  Pulse, 
dicrotic  —  p.  Durus,  Pulse,  hard  —  p.  Elaslicus, 
Pulse,  supple — p.  Fluctuosus,  Pulse,  undulating — 
p.  Fluens,  Pulse,  undulating — p.  Formicans,  For- 
inicant,  and  Pulse,  formicant  — p.  Fortis,  Pulse, 
strong  — p.  Fusaiis,  Pulse,  eaprizant  — p.  GazeU 
lans.  Pulse,  eaprizant^  p.  Ileterochronicus,  see 
Ileterochronicus— p  Ilumilis,  Pulse,  low— p.  In- 
cidcns  Solani,  Pulse,  undulating— p.  Intercidens, 
Pulse,  intercurrent — p.  Mallearis,  Pulse,  dicrotic 
—p.  Intercisus,  Pulse,  dicrotic  — p.  Intercurrens, 
Pulse,  intercurrent— p.  Intestinatis,  Pulse,  dicro- 
tic—  p.  Intricatus,  Pulse,  intricate  —  p.  Magnus, 
Pulse,  large  —  p.  Mollis,  Pulse,  soft. 

Pulsus  Myu'rus,  I'ulse  dccurtate  or  aharp- 
tailed,  (F.)  Poula  myure.  One  which  goes  on 
diminishing.     See  Myurus. 

Pulsus  Neuvixus,  Pulse  of  irritation — p.  Nor- 
malis,  Pulse,  regular  — p.  Parvus,  Pulse,  small — 
p.  Plenus,  Pulse,  full  — p.  Rarus,  Pulse,  slow. 

Pul'suS  SkrRI'nus,  (F.)  Poula  aerrin  OU  aer- 
ratile.  One  which  strikes,  sometimes  strongly, 
at  Others  feebly,  and  recalls  the  idea  of  a  saw. 

Pulsus  Striatus,  (F.)  Poida  etroit.  One  that 
strikes  the  finger  to  a  small  extent  in  breadth. 

Pulsus  Suporalis,  Pulse  of  sweat— p.  Tardus, 
Pulse,  slow  —  p.  Urinalis,  Pulse,  urinal  —  p.  Ute- 
rinus.  Pulse,  uterine. 

Pulsus  Vac'uus.  (F.)  Poula  vide.     One  which 

gives  the  idea  of  emptiness  of  the  artery. 

Pulsus  Vaginalis.  Pulse,  vaginal. 

Pulsus  Vena'rum,  Venoua  Pulae,  Phlebopa'lia. 

A  pulsation   occasionally  noticed  in   the  jugular 

veins.     It  is  owing  to  some  of  the  blood  of  the 

,1  right  ventricle  reflowing  into  the  right  auricle, 


PULTACEOUS 


rULVIS 


and  communicating  an  impulse  to  the  venous 
1)1(>(k1  i»nivini;in  the  auricle  through  the  descend- 
in;^  Ciivii.  It  is  often  a  sign  of  impediment  to  the 
flow  of  blood  along  the  pulmonary  artery. 

PULTA'CEOUS,  Pulta'ccus,  (F.)  Pullace,  from 
pvln,  2niltia,  'pnp,'   or  from  piillare,  pultus,  'to 
bciit.'      Resembling   pap.      Having   a   softened, 
semifluid  a))pearance. 
PULTATIO,  Atheroma. 
PULTISE,  Cataplasm. 
PULTICULA,  Jinuillle. 

PULVERES  EFFERVESCENTES,  Powders, 
soda. 

PULVERI'ZABLE,  Ptd'verahh.  From  pitlvia, 
ptilreris,  '  dust.'  Capable  of  being  reduced  to 
powder. 

PULVERIZA'TION,  PulveHsa'tio,  Pulvera'- 
tio,  Conionto'sis,  (F.)  PiiMrisation.  The  opera- 
tion of  dividing  substances,  so  as  to  reduce  them 
to  powder. 

Most  drugs  are  reduced  to  powder  by  persons 
who  make  it  a  special  business,  and  who  are 
called  drill/  grinders.  This  is  done  on  a  large 
scale  in  drug  mills  ;  and  the  implements  used  are 
the  (jrindiuii  mill  and  the  stamping  mill.  In  the 
sho])  of  the  apothecary,  pulverization  is  effected 
by  the  pestle  and  mortar,  and  the  sieve. 

Where  substances  require  the  addition  of  other 
bodies  to  facilitate  their  reduction  to  powder, — 
ns  where  camphor  needs  a  few  drops  of  alcohol — 
the  process  is  called  pulverization  by  mediation. 
PULVEIWLKS,  see  Pulvis. 
PULVER'ULKNT,  Pnlvervlen'tns;  from  pnl- 
ris,  pnhcris,  ' dust.'  Reduced  to  the  state  of  a  fine 
]iowder.  Covered,  as  it  were,  with  dust.  An  epi- 
thet applied  to  tlie  eyes  when  they  appear  dirty, 
and,  as  it  were,  sprinkled  with  dust,  by  reason  of 
granulations  or  grayish  strisp,  resulting  from 
thickening  of  the  mucous  fluid  of  the  conjunctiva. 
—  Nvsten. 

PULVILLUS,  Pad,  Bonrdonnet— p.  e  Lina- 
mentis  confectus,  Bourdonnet  —  p.  Rotundus, 
Bonrdnnnet. 

PULVI'NAR,  Pnlcinn'rinm.     A  pillow. 
PuLViNAR  HiiMULi,  sce  Ilumulus  lupulus. 
PuLViNAU  Medica'tiim  seu  Medicina'le,  ^c'- 
cnluH  medicina'lia.     A  medicated  pillow;  as  of 
hops. 

PuLviNAR  Parvum,  Pad  —  p.  Ventriculi,  Pan- 
creas. 

PULVIS.  Conia,  Powder,  (F.)  Poudre.  A  sub- 
stance,  reduced  into  small  particles  by  pulveriza- 
tion. Simple  poiiiders  are  those  of  a  single  sub- 
stance; compound,  those  which  result  from  a  mix- 
ture of  several  different  powders.  An  impalpable 
powder  is  one  which  is  so  fine  that  it  can  scarcely 
be  felt  under  the  finger.  Compound  powders 
have  been  called  Species,  (F.)  Especea,  E.  pul- 
verulenles,   Pnlcemles. 

PtiLVis  Absorbrxs,  p.  de  magnesiS,  compos. — 
p.  Adspersorius,  Catapasma — p.  Alexiterius,  P. 
contrayervaj  comp.  —  p.  Alexiterius,  P.  ipecacu- 
anha; corapositus — p.  Algarothi,  Algaroth. 

PuLVis  Aloes  Compos'iths,  P.  Aloea  cum 
Guai'aco,  P.  aloet'icus  cum  Guaiaco,  Oompo)tnd 
powder  of  Aloea.  (Aloea,  ^iss,  guaiac.  res.  5j, 
jndv.  cinnam.  comp.  ^ss.  Rub  the  aloes  and 
guaiacum  separately,  tlien  mix  the  whole.  Ph.  L.) 
Cathartic,  stomachic,  and  sudorific.  Dose,  gr.  x 
to  9.i. 

PcLvis  Aloes  ctTM  Canel'la,  P.  aloes  et  cn- 
vella,  (Ph.  U.  S.),  P.  Aloel'icua,  Powder  of  Aloea 
with  Canella,  Speciea  Hi'erce  pierce.  Hi'era  picrn, 
vulg.  Hi'krt/  pi'krii,  Piera,  and  Pi'kry.  (Aloea 
tt>J,  canell.  ,^iij.  Rub  separatelj'  into  a  powder, 
nnd  mix.  Ph.  U.  S.)  A  warm  cathartic.  Dose, 
gr.  X  to  9j. 

Pulvis  Aloes  oum  Guaiaco,  P.  A.  eomposi- 
tus — p.  Aloeticus,  P.  aloes  cum  candid — p.  Alo- 


cticus,  Iliera  piera  —  p.  Aluminosus,  P.  sulphnfis 
aluuiinre  compositus — p.  Aiuminis  compositus,  P. 
sulphatis  alumina;  compositus — )).  Aiuminis  kino- 
satus,  see  P.  sulphatis  alumina;  compositus. 

Pulvis  de  Ama'his  Compos'itus,  /*.  aniiar- 
thrit'ictta  ama'riia,  (F.)  Poudre  antiarthrilii/ue 
a7n?re.  (Gentian.,  arietoloch.  rotund.,  aa  p.  3, 
for.  centaur,  win.  p.  4,/ol.  chamcr.dr.,  rhania>- 
j)i7/i.  manipul. — f.  pulvis,  yVy. /'.)  In  gouty  af- 
fections, dyspepsia,  &c.     Dose,  gr.  xx. 

Pulvis  A.ngklicus,  Algaroth  —  p.  Anodynus, 
P.  ipecacuanha;  comp.  —  p.  Antiacidus,  P.  cretio 
compositus  —  p.  Antiacidus,  P.  do  magnesia, 
compos.  — p.  Antiarthriticus  amarus,  P.  de  ania- 
ris  compositus — p.  Antiarthriticus  purgans,  P.  do 
senna,  scammonea  et  lignis — p.  Antiasthmatieus, 
P.  de  suljihure  et  scillS,. 

Pulvis  Antilys'sus,  Jlfead'a  powder  against 
the  bite  of  a  mad  dug.  It  consisted  of  aHh-eotuurrd 
liverwort  in  powder,  with  an  e<)uiil  quantity  of 
black  pepper ;  a  drachm  and  a  half  of  the  two 
forming  a  dose  for  an  adult. 

Pulvis  Antimonialis,  Antimonial  powder. 

Pulvis  iie  Auo  Compos'itus,  Compoinut  Pow- 
der of  Arum,  (F.)  Poudre  de  irirekmann,  (l{«,l. 
ari,  ocori  rcri,  pimpine/l.  saxifrag.  aa  40  p.,  oeul. 
cancror.  ppt.  12  p.,  cinnam.  7  p.,  potaasa  suljih. 
6  p.,  ammonia  mtiriat.  2  p.  —  f.  pulv.  Ph.  J'.) 
Sternutatory. 

Pulvis  Aromaticus,  P.  cinnamomi  composi- 
tus. 

Pulvis  As'ari  Compos'itus,  P.  stemutnio'- 
rins  seu  errhi'nns  sen  capila'lis  Sancti  An'geli 
sen  cephal'ieua,  Cephal'ic  snuff.  Compound  pow- 
der of  Asarabac'ca,  (F.)  Poudre  d'asarum  eom- 
pos6e  dite  sternntatoire,  P.  de  Saint-Ange.  (Asur. 
Europ.  p.  3,  origan,  tnajorance,  lavand.,  sing. 
p.  1.     Rub  into  powder.    Ph.  L.)     Sternutatory. 

Pulvis  Auui,  see  Gold  —  p.  e  Bolo  composi- 
tus  cum  opio,  P.  cretoe  compositus  cum  opio  — 
p.  e  Bolo  compositus  sine  opio,  see  P.  eretm 
compositus  —  p.  Cambogiae  compositus,  P.  e. 
gummi  guttil — p.  Capitalis  Sancti  Angeli,  Pulvis 
asari  compositus  —  p.  Carbonatis  calcis  composi- 
tus, P.  cretre  compositus  —  p.  Cardiacus,  P.  con- 
trayervae  comp.  — p.  Carthusianorum,  Antimonii 
sulphuretum  rubrum. 

Pulvis  Cat'kchu  Compos'itus,  Compovnd 
Powder  of  Catechu.  (  Catechu,  kino,  aa  ,^ij  ;  cin- 
nam., myrist,  aa  ^ss.)  Dose,  as  an  astringent, 
gr.  XV  to  XXX. 

Pulvis  Catiiarticus,  P.  scammonese  comp. — 
p.  Cephalicus,  P.  asari  compositus. 

Pulvis  Cinnamo'mi  Compos'itus,  Compound 
Powder  of  Cin'namon,  Pulvis  seu  Spe'cies  Ivipe- 
rato'ris,  Pulvis  aromat'icus  (Ph.  U.  S.),  P.  vita 
Impernto'ria  seu  Diaro'mnton,  Species  diacinna- 
mo'mi  seu  lestifican'tes  Khazis  seu  Diam'hrtB  sine 
odora'tia  seu  aromat'ica,  Tru'gea  aromat'icn, 
Aromatic  powder,  (F.)  Poudre  de  canellc  conipo- 
see  ou  aromatique.  (Cinnam.,  zingib.  aa.^ij,  crir- 
dam.,  myrist.  aa  ,^j.  Rub  to  a  fine  powder.  Ph. 
U.S.)     Stimulant  and  carminative.     Dose,  gr.  x 

to  9j. 

Pulvis  Cobbii  seu  Tunquinen'sis.  The  fa- 
raous  Tonqnin  powder,  introduced  into  England 
by  a  Mr.  Cobb.  It  was  composed  of  Ifi  grains 
of  musk,  and  48  grains  of  cinnabar  ;  and  was 
mixed  in  a  gill  of  arrack.  It  was  formerly  re- 
ganled  as  a  specifio  in  hydrophobia. 

Pulvis  Comitis  AVaUwicensis,  P.  Cornachini 
— p.  Comitissae,  Cinchona. 

Pulvis  Contrayer'v^  Compos'itus,  P.  rardi'- 
aens  seu  alexite'riits  seu  Mantua'nua,  Lapis  eon- 
trayervcB,  Contrayerva  halls.  Compound  Powder 
of  Confrayer'va.  (Contrayerv.  covlrit.  ^\',  test, 
prap.  Ibiss.  Mix.  Ph.  L.)  Stimulant  and 
sudorific.     Dose,  gr.  xv  to  ^ss. 

Pulvis  Coknachi'ni,  P.  Ox'ydi  Stih'ii  com- 


ruLvis 


PULYIS 


fos'lUm  seu  Com'i'th  W'lrwiceu'gls  sen  de  Tn'hiis 
SiU  Scitnimii'nii  aiilim<nii<t'l!H,  Dinceltntes'iinn 
I'linimlxi,  fJdil  of  Wdiwick'a  Powder.  Cer'beriis 
'J'n'rcpi,  (F.)  I'lnnlre  Coniiichiiie.  (Sciimmon., 
jxilHHH.  mi/iertart.,  antim.  din/)li.  aa  p.  as.  f.  j)ulvi8, 
Ph.  P.)  Cathartic.  Used  chiefly  in  cutaneous 
disciiHeti.     Dose,  ^ss  to  ^j. 

PlH.VlJS  CORNU  USTI  Cl'sr  O'i'IO,  P.  opia'tllD, 
Powilur  (,f  /{unit  Ilnrdilioni  with  opium,  (F.) 
Pmidre  de  come  brtdee  arec  I'lt^iiiim.  (Ojiii  dun' 
oont.  ^'].  corn.  nut.  picep.  ^j,  curcor.  cont.  ^.j. 
Mix.  Ph.  L.)  Ten  grains  contain  one  of  opium. 
Anodyne. 

Pn.vis  CuETACEUs,  P.  cretaa  compositus. 

Pl'I.VIS  CllKT^.  CoJIPOs'lTUS,  P.  Corbonn'th 
Cdlcin  coinpoiiliig  sou  cretn'eeua  sen  <uiti(c"idus 
ecu  ten-en' ti-iH,  Spe'eies  e  Scor'dio  nine  opio,  S.  Din- 
cre'tcp.,  VoiDpound  Powder  of  Chiilk,  Dlimcord'- 
iiiiii ;  (with  Bole  Arineniac  in  place  of  chalk — the 
PidviH  e  linlo  coiiipimitii'i  sine  opio  ;)  (F. )  I'oiidre 
de  eraie  componie.  {Oreta>,  }>pf.  Ibss,  ciiiiiam.^iv, 
toniieiili//.,  acacia:,  sing.  ,5iij,  pip.  lour/.  ^)V. 
Reduce  separately  to  a  fine  powder,  and  nii.Y. 
/'/(  L.)  Antacid,  stomachic,  absorbent.  Dose, 
gr.  XX  toQij. 

PULVIS  ClMiT/G  CoMPOS'lTUS  CUM  O'PIO,  ColH- 
pouiid  Powder  of  Chalk  with  opium,  P.  e  Cretd 
compositus  cum  opio;  (with  Bole  Arineniac  in- 
stead of  chalk  —  P.  e  liolo  compoxitus  cum  o]>io ;) 
Specien  e  Scordio  cum  opio,  (F.)  Poudre  de  craie 
coiiipon^e  aver  I'opium.  (Pulv.  cret.  c.  5vjss,  opii 
diiri  cont.  ^iv.  Mix,  Ph.  L.)  Contains  one 
grain  of  opinm  in  40.  Anodyne  and  absorbent. 
Dose,  ^j  to  9ij. 

Pui.vis  DiAiMioHETictis,  p.  ipecacuanhae  comp. 
— p.  Diapnoicus,  P.  ipecacuanhiie  comp. — p.  Dia- 
roiiiaton,  P.  cinnainomi  compositus — p.  Diasena?, 
P.  sennas  compos. — p.  Diaturpethi  compositus,  P. 
jalapa?  compositus. 

PiUAis  Ducis  Potitlan'di.k,  I)uke  of  Port- 
land'h  Gout  Powder,  (F.)  Poudre  dii  Due  de  Port- 
laud  ou  de  la  Afiraudole.  (Had.  ariatoloch.,  gen- 
tianoB,  iitmniit.  chammdr.,  centaur,  min.  aa  p.  aj.) 
Dose,  5ss  to  p;}. 

PtriA'is  Emmknagogur,  P.  myrrhae  compositus 
—  p.  Kpilcpticus  Marchionum,  P.  do  mairnesia 
compositus  —  p.  Errhinus,  P.  asari  compositus — 
p.  (iaiactopoeus,  P.  de  magnesia  compos. 

P(ii-vis  E  (iiiMMF  GuTTA,  P.  <^fimbo'f/icB  compo- 
aitunseu  hiplrnr/o'i/ui.  Cambor/e  Powder.  (F.)  Pon- 
dre  hydragorpte  ou  de  gnmme  gntte  ou  de  Querce- 
tn';i»«.  [Rad.jalnp,  24  p.,  rad.  mechoncan.  12 
p.,  ciuunm.,  rhei.  aa  8  p.,  gutu.  cambog.  3  p.,  fol. 
tolilaiielltE  sice.  6  p..  ncjiiiu.  iinisi  12  p.,  fiat  pulvis. 
Ph.  P.)  A  drastic  cathartic.  In  anasarca  and 
in  worms.     Dose,  gr.  xv  to  xxx. 

Pui.vis  Gummo'siis  Alkali'  us,  Sapo  regcta'- 
hilis,  (F.)  Poudre  de  nitron  vegetal.  (Guainc. 
pulv.  32  p.,  pot((i)ii.  carb.  4  p.  Make  into  a  pow- 
der.   /'/(.  P.)     Antacid. 

Pi'LVis  EX  IIelminthocotit'o  Compos'itiis,  p. 
vcrmi/'ugus  abni/ue  mercu' rio,  (F.)  I'oudre  vernii- 
Jiiye  sous  mercure.  (Fuc.  heliuiuthocort.,  sou. 
contra.,  sunnuitat.  absinth.,  tauaceti,  fol.  scordii, 
fnna;,  rhei.  aa  p.  ae,  fiat  pulvis.     J'h.  P.)     Lose, 

Pulvis  lIvnnAGOGUS,  P.  e  gummi  guttil  —  p. 
Ilydrargyri  einereus,  see  Ilydrargyri  oxydunn 
cinereutn  —  p.  Ilypnoticus,  Ilydrargyri  sulphu- 
retiim  nigrum  —  p.  Imperatoris,  P.  cinnamomi 
compositus — p.  Tncisivus,  P.  de  sulphure  et  scillS, 
— p.  Pro  infaiitiUus.  P.  ile  magnesia  compos  — p. 
InfanlMm,  P.  de  magnesia  compos. — p.  Infantum 
antacidus.  P.  de  inagnesiil  compositus. 

Pi'LVis  Ipecacuan'h.e  Compos'itits,  P.nlexi- 
te'riuK  seu  anod'i/uun  iic\i  di'iphorcl'icnn  $e\idiap- 
iio'iciis  seu  sudorif'iciis  Dore'ri  sou   Ipecacuaiihce 
ct  O/iii  (Ph.  U.  S.).  (Compound  Powder  of  [pecar-  1 
uanha,  Dover's  Powder,  (F.)  Poudre  de  Dover  ou  ! 


d'ipecacuanha  et  d'opium  ou  de  Dower.  (Tpeca- 
cuauh.  pulv.,  opii  pulv.,  sing  ^],  2'otass(B  sulphat. 
^j.     Mix.     Diaphoretic.     Dose,  gr.  v  to  gr.  xij. 

Pulvis  IPECACUANHy^;  et  Opii,  P.  ipecacuanhae 
compositus. 

Pt'LVis  Jalap'jE  Compos'itus,  p.  Diaturpe'thi 
compositus  sou  laxans  seu  2"irgaiis  seu  liijcati'vns 
vcgetab'ilis  seu  laxaus  cum  sale  seu  Jalap' cb  salt' - 
nils  seu  Jalaj/a;  tartar'icus.  Species  JJiafalapcP., 
Compound  Powder  of  Jalap,  (F.)  Poudre  de  jalap 
composee.  (Pulv.  jalap,  ^^j,  potass,  biturt.  ^\]. 
Mix.)     Cathartic.     Dose,  J^j  to  ,^ij. 

Pulvis  Jalap.13  Salinus,  P.  jaiapse  composi- 
tus—  p.  JalapiB  tartaricus,  P.  jalapaj  compositus 
—  p.  de  Jalapa  et  scammonio  compositus,  P. 
scammoneae  comp. — p.  Jamesii,  Antiinonial  pow- 
der— )).  Jesuitieus,  Cinchona — p.  Joanuis  de  Vigo, 
Ilydrargyri  nitrico-oxydum. 

Pulvis  Kino  Compos'itus,  Compound  Powder 
of  kino,  (F.)  Poudre  de  kino  composee,  (Kino 
,^xv,  cinnam.  ^iv,  opii  duri  ^j.  Rub  each  to 
powder,  and  mix.  Ph.  L.)  Astringent.  Dose, 
gr.  v  to  XX. 

Pulvis  Laxans,  P.  jalapae  compositus  —  p. 
Laxans  cum  sale,  P.  jalapae  compositus — p.  Lax- 
ativus  vegetabilis,  P.  jalapae  compositus. 

Pulvis  de  Magne'sia  Compos'itus,  P.  Galac- 
tnpor.'us  seu  Nutri'cum  seu  Tiifau'tum  seu  Infan- 
tum antac"idus  sou  pro  lufan'tibus  seu  antiac"- 
idus  seu  absor'beus  seu  epilep'tlcus  Marchio'num, 
Compound  Powder  of  3/agne'sia,  (F.)  Poudre  ab- 
sorbante  et  anti-acide.  (Magnesia,  aacchar.  Sa 
p.  ae.     Mix.     /'//.  P.) 

Pulvis  Mantuanus,  P.  contrayervje  comp. — 
p.  Marchionis,  Marchionis  Pulvis — p.  Mercurialis 
einereus,  Ilydrargyri  oxidum  cincreum — p.  ad 
Mucum  pulmonalem  liberius  ciendum,  P.  de  sul- 
phure et  scilla. 

Pulvis  MvnRH^  Compos'itus,  P.  e  Myi-rhd 
compositus  seu  ad  ul'cera  tend'inum  SOU  emmeu- 
agiigus.  Compound  ilijrrh  Powder,  (F.)  Poudre 
liahamique.  (MyrrhcB,  sabiucB,  ruta,  castor.  Jiuss. 
aa  ,^j.)  A  stimulant,  antispasmodic,  and  emme- 
nagdgue.     Dose,  gr.  xv.  to  xl. 

Pulvis  Nuthicum,  P.  de  magnesia  compositus 
— ]).  Opiatus,  P.  cornu  usti  cum  opio  —  p.  Oxydi 
stibii  compositus,  P.  cornachini  —  p.  ad  Partum, 
Ergot  —  p.  Parturiens,  Ergot — p.  de  Phosidiate 
caleis  et  stibii  compositus,  Antimonial  pimWi-r — ■ 
p.  Principis,  Ilydrargyri  nitrico-oxydum — p.  i'lir- 
gans,  P.  jalap.B  compositus — p.  Quercctaiius, 
Ilydrargyri  submurias. 

Pulvis  Qurhcus  Mari'Nj??,  Powder  of  Yellow 
Bladder-Wrack.  (The  wrack  in  fruit,  dried, 
cleaned,  exposed  to  a  red  heat  in  a  crucible  with 
a  perforated  lid,  and  then  reduced  to  powder. 
Ph.  D.)  Virtues  dependent  on  iodine  :  used,  con- 
sequently, in  bronchocele,  &c.  Dose,  gr.  x  to  xl. 
See  Fucus  vesiculosus. 

Pulvis  Rhei  Compos'itus,  Compound  Powder 

of  Rhubarb.  (3fagnes.  ^)^,  zinglb.  pulv.  ^'\'^,  rhei 
pulv.  5iv.  M.  /-■//.  E.)  An  antacid  and  laxative. 
Dose,  9.i  to  9ij. 

Pulvis  Sali'nus  Compos'itus,  Compound  Sa- 
line Powder.  (Smlii  chlorid.,  magnesicB  sulphat., 
ail  ^iv,  potas.  sulphat.  ,^iij.  Ph.  E.  Dose,  as  an 
aperient,  two  or  tiuoe  drachms  dissolved  in  water. 

Pulvis  ScAJiMo'.xK.f:  Compos'itus,  P.  e  Scam- 
monio compositus  seu  Scammonii  seu  de  Jalapd  et 
Scaninio'nio  compositus  dictUS  Cathar'ticus,  Com- 
pound Powder  of  Scammony,  (F.)  Poudre  cathar- 
tiipic  ou  Poudre  de  Scammouec  cnniposfe.  (Scam- 
mon.,  ext.  jalap,  dur.,  sing.,^^ij,  ziugib.  ,^ss.  Rub 
separately  to  powder,  and  mix.  Ph.  L.)  Cathar- 
tic.    Dose,  gr.  viij  to  gr.  xv. 

Pulvis  Scammo'nii  cum  Aloe.  P.  e  Scammonio 
cum  Aloe,  Scammony  and  Aloes  Powder.    (Sram- 

otr.  iiS  5'**> 
to  XV. 


- '  ^ c  - ■  -    

man.  J^'j,  ext.  jalap,   dur.,  aloes  Soco 
ling,  jss.)     Cathartic.     Dose,  gr.  x  I 


rUMEX 


7  7  6 


r  u  r  I L 


Prr.vis  ScAMMONii  Antcmonialis,  p.  corna- 
chini. 

PlJLViS  Senn^,  Compos'iths,  P.  e  Sentni  roni- 
pom'tiis  sen  e  Send  cnmponitiin  seu  Diase'ucE, 
Compoiiiid  Powder  <•/  Seiiiin,  (F.)  Poitdre  de  efiie 
fomponee.  (Senna,  potitx.  siipert<nt.,  sing.,  3'j> 
KCiimmoii.  ^ss,  ziuijib.  ^ij.  Ph.  L.)  Cathartic, 
hydraf^'ogue.     D(>.«o.  Qj  to  7,]. 

PiLvis  DE  Senna.  !Scam^io'nea  etLignisCom- 

POS'lTLS   dicfllK   ANTIAinillUT'lCUS    PUKGANS,  (^\) 

Poiidre  de  Perard.  [Gum  Arnh.,  potass,  siiper- 
turt.,  fol.  seinicB,  chi»cB,  aa  4  p.,  scammon.,  rad. 
H'lrenpar.,  chhitF.  c/uainc.  liijn.  ail  2  p.,  fiat  pulvis. 
Ph.  P.)  Purgative.    Used  to  obviate  gout.    Dose, 

Si- 

Pulvis  Stanni,  see  Tin — p.  Sternutatorius,  P. 
asari  compositus — p.  Slibintus,  Antimonial  pow- 
der —  p.  Stvpticus,  P.  Sulphatis  aluminas  com- 
positus — p.  Sudorificus,  P.  ipecacuanhae  conip. — 
p.  Sudorificus  Doveri,  P.  ipecacuanhae  compo- 
i^itus. 

Pulvis  Sulpha'tis  Alu'miNjE  Compos'itus, 
P.  alnmino'siis  seu  alu'mitiis  hinosn'tus  seu  styp'- 
ticus  seu  cthiDiiiiis  cnnipositiis,  Aln'nieu  hi>iosa'- 
tiim,  Coiiipniind  Alum  Powder,  (F.)  Poudre  styp- 
tiqne  ou  d'aliini  cotiipoiee.  {.Sulphatis  aluniiiKB, 
p.  iv,  kuio,  p.  1.  Ph.  E.)  Astringent.  In  in- 
testinal   hemorrhage   and    diarrhoea.     Dose,  gr. 

X   to   XV. 

Pulvis  de  Sul'phuue  et  Scilla,  P.  antiasth- 
mnt'iciis  seu  incisi'viia  seu  ad  miiciim  pnlmona' - 
lent  libe'riiis  cieu'dtim,  (F.)  Poudre  incisive  ou 
nnti-aithmatique.  (Sacchar.,  p.  3,  sulphur,  lot,  p. 
2,  acillcB.  siccat.  p.  j.  Ph.  P.)  Dose,  gr.  v  to 
3ss. 

PuLTis  DE  Sulpha'te  Potas'sjK  Compos'itus, 

P.  teni'pernus  Stah' Hi,  {¥.)  Poudre  teniperante  de 
St'ihl.  [Potass,  sii/ph.,  P.  iiitrat.  aa  9  p.,  hijdrarq, 
sulph.  rubr.  2  p.  Mix.  Ph.  P.)  As  an  anti- 
plili)flistie,  and  in  acidity  of  the  first  passages. 
Dose.  9j  to  ^ij. 

Pi  I. VIS    E  Si'LPIirRE'TO    llYDRAn'GYRI    NiGRO 

ET  Soammo'nio,  dietus  VEitMiF'iJGus  Mercuria'- 
LIS,  (F.)  Poudre  vermifuf/e  mercurielle.  [Pulv. 
coriiachin.,  hiplrarr/.  sulphuret.  ui</r.  recent,  prajp., 
aa  p.  ae.    Mix.  Ph.  P.)     Dose,  Qj  to  J^ss. 

Pulvis  Sympatukticus,  Sympathetic  powder 
—  p.  Teniperans  Stahlii,  P.  de  sulphate  potassso 
coinpositus  —  p.  Tcrrcstris,  P.  cretae  compositus. 

Pulvis  Tragacan'th^,  Compos'itus,  P.  e  Tra- 
gncau'thd  compositus,  Species  Diatragacan'tllee 
fri(j"id(B,  Compound  Powder  of  Trayacaiifh,  (F. ) 
Poudre  de  (jomme  adraijant  composee.  [Tragn- 
cauth.  contus.,  acacia:  cont.,  ami/H,  sing.,  3'*'^> 
saech.  purif.  ^iij.  Ph.  L.)  Demulcent.  In 
coughs,  Ac.     Dose,  ,^ss  to  ^^iij- 

Pulvis  de  Thibus,  P.  cornachini — p.  Tonqui- 
nensis,  P.  Cobbii. —  p.  ad  Ulcera  tendinum,  P. 
inyrrhre  coinpositus — p.  Vermifugus  absque  mer- 
furio,  Pulvis  ex  helminthocorto  comp. — p.  Ver- 
mifugus mercurialis,  P.  e  sulphureto  hj'drargyri 
nigro  et  scammonio — p.  Vitas  Imperatoris,  P.  cin- 
nainnmi  compositus. 

PUMEX,  L'ipis  pu'micis,  Pumice,  (F.)  Pierre 
Ponce.  This  was  formerly  employed  as  a  desicca- 
tive  and  dentifrice. 

PUMICR.  Puinex. 

PUMILIO,  Nanus. 

PUMILUS,  see  Nanus. 

PUMM EL-FOOT,  Kyllosis. 

PUMP.  BREAST,  Antlia  lactea— p.  Stomach, 
Stomach  pump. 

PUMPKIN,  Cucurbita  pepo. 

PUNA,  (S.)  Veta,  Sorocco,  Soroche,  Mareo  ; 
Jfi/pson'osus,  Mountain  Sickness,  (F.)  Jtfnl  de 
J/imtiKjue.  A  sickness  common  in  the  elevated 
districts  of  South  America  and  elsewhere,  which 
attacks  those  unaccustomed  to  breathe  the  rare- 
lied    atmosphere.    It    strongly   resembles    sea- 


sickness, with  a  most  acute  and  depressing  tlirob- 
bitig  in  the  head.  It  docs  not  often  allect  the 
respiration  greatly. 

PCXA/SE,  Cimex. 

Pl'NAISIE,  Oza'iia. 

PUNCH,  Jihi'zaijra,  from  punr/ere,  ])unctum, 
'to  prick.'  liepnho'rium,  (F.)  liepoussidr.  A 
surgical  instrument  used  for  extracting  the 
stumps  of  teeth.     See  Lever. 

Also,  an  agreeable  alcoholic  drink,  made  of 
spirit,  wine,  sugar,  lemon  juice,  and  water.  Milk 
is  sometimes  substituted  in  part  for  the  water  :  it 
then  forms  3lHk  Punch. 

PUNCTA  OSSIFICATIONIS,  Ossification, 
points  of. 

PUNCTA.  MUCOSiE,  see  Acne. 

PUNCTICULA,  Petechia'. 

PUNCTIO,  Paracentesis,  Puncture — p.  Ncrvi, 
Neuronvgme. 

PUNCTUM,  Stitch. 

PuNCTUM  Au'rki'M,  Pnnctu'ra  au'ren.  For- 
merly, when  an  intestinal  hernia  was  reduced  by 
an  incision  made  through  the  integuments  down 
to  the  upper  part  of  the  spermatic  vessels,  a 
golden  wire  was  fixed  and  twisted,  so  as  to  pre- 
vent the  descent  of  any  thing  down  the  tunica 
vaginalis.     Hence  the  term. 

PuNCTUM  CjUCUm,  see  Optic  nerve  —  p.  Lacry- 
male.  Lachrymal  punctum. 

Punctum  Sa'liens,  p.  snnguin'eum  sa'liena, 
Glob'ulus  sfxngiiin'eus,  Punctus  ruber  sa'lient. 
The  first  moving  point  which  makes  its  appear- 
ance after  the  fecundation  of  the  germ.  It  has 
been  generally,  but  erroneously,  applied  to  the 
heart  of  the  embryo. 

PtINCTURA,  Paracentesis — p.  Aurea,  Punc- 
tum aureum. 

PUNCTURE,  Pnnctu'ra,  Punc'tio,  Ccnte'sis, 
Paracetite'sis,  Nyxis,  from  pungere,  punctum,  'to 
prick  ;'  Tresis  Punctnra,  (F.)  Piqure.  A  wound 
made  by  a  pointed  instrument,  as  a  sword,  bayo- 
net, needle,  thorn,  <fec.  A  puncture  is,  generally, 
of  trifling  consequence ;  but,  sometimes,  it  be- 
comes important  from  the  parts  implicated,  and 
the  after  consequences. 

PUNCT'URING.  Same  etymon.  Compunc'. 
tio,  Paracente'sis.  (F.)  Ponction.  The  operation 
of  opening,  by  means  of  a  trocar,  lancet,  <tc.,  any 
natural  or  accidental  cavity,  with  the  view  of 
evacuating  any  fluid,  effused  or  accumulated 
therein.      Paracentesis  is  a  sort  of  puncturing. 

PUNCTUS  RUBER  SALIENS,  Punctum 
saliens. 

PUNGENT,  (F.)  Pongitif.  Same  etymon. 
Pain  is  said  to  be  pungent,  when  it  seems  as  if  a 
pointed  instrument  were  forced  into  the  suffering 
part. 

PU'NICA  GRANA'TUM.  The  Pomegranate, 
Rhoa,  lihcea,  Grana'tum,  Malogrnna'tum,  (F.) 
Grenadier:  Ord.  Myrtacese.  6Vx.  <S)/«<.  Icosan- 
dria  Monogynia.  The  rind  of  the  fruit,  called 
3f(ilicho'r{um,  Jl/alacorium,  Malicorium,  Gra- 
na'ti  Fructds  Cortex  (Ph.  U.  S.)  ;  and  the  flowers 
—  called  Balaustine  flowers  —  are  used  in  medi- 
cine. They  have  been  employed  both  internally 
and  externally  as  astringents.  The  seeds  are 
called  Cocco'nes,  KOKKiovt;.  The  portion,  however, 
of  the  plant,  that  has  attained  most  celebrity,  is 
the  bark  of  the  root.  Grana'ti  Radi'cis  Cortex 
(Ph.  U.  S.),  which  appears  to  be  very  efficacious 
in  tasnia.  It  is  given  in  decoction,  (Granat.  rad. 
corl.  ^\j  :  Aqua  Oij,  boiled  to  Oiss.)  Dose,  f.^ij, 
every  half  hour.  Three  or  four  doses  are  usually 
sufficient  to  expel  the  worm. 

The  bark  contains  a  peculiar  matter  called 
Grciiadin. 

PUNK,  Boletus  igniarius. 

PUOGENIA,  Pyogenia. 

PUPIL,    Pvpil'la,    Pu'pula,   Ptipil'io,    Via'io, 


PUPILLyE   VELUM 


rURSLAXE 


Op»i*,  Cure,  Cum,  Rho.r,  Fenea'tra  seu  Nifjrum 
geu  Foi-d'nieii  Oc'uli,  Pniiul'la,  Lumen,  (Jlene, 
Si'jht  or  Ai,j,ie  or  Jia/l  of  Ihe  eye,  (Sc.)  liliilc  of 
the  Hie,  (I'rov.)  Coudle,  (F.)  I'Hijille,  J'rinieUe. 
The  aperture  of  the  iris,  throujjh  which  the  rays 
of  liRht  ))!iss  that  have  to  impress  the  image  of  an 
ohject  on  the  retina.  Tliis  aperture  can  be  di- 
lated or  contracted  so  as  to  allow  a  greater  or 
piiiiiUlt  quantity  of  luminous  rays  to  penetrate. 
Tlie  pupil,  in  man,  is  round,  and  by  it  the  ante- 
rior and  posterior  chambers  of  the  eye  commu- 
nicate with  each  other.  In  the  foetus,  during  the 
first  six  months  of  gestation,  it  is  closed  by  the 
pupillary  membrane. 

PuiML,  Closure  op  the,  Synezizis. 

Pui'iL.  PiiNHOLE.  A  condition  of  the  pupil  in 
typhus,  in  which  it  is  so  contracted  as  to  resem- 
ble a  pinliole.  It  indicates  a  dangerous  form  of 
brain  nll'cction. 

V\]\nL\.M  VELUM,  Pupillary  membrane. 

PIIPILLARIS  IIERBA.  Lapsana. 

PU'PILLAHY,  PiijnUa'Hs,  (F.)  PupiUalre. 
That  which  belongs  to  the  pupil. 

Pl'PiLl-Aitv  Membuane,  Memhrn'na  Piipillu'- 
ri'f,  Piijiil'lee  velum,  Jfemhrn'iia  Wacheiidorfid' un. 
The  central  aperture  of  the  iris  is  closed,  in  the 
foetus,  during  a  certain  period  of  gestation,  by  a 
very  thin  membrane.  It  disappears  in  the  seventh 
month. 

PUPPET  ROOT,  Veratrum  viride. 

PUPPIS  OS,  Frontal  bone. 

PUPULA.  PupiL 

PU'PULifE,  A'pices  dJijito'rum.  The  pulps  or 
extremities  of  the  fingers. 

PUUBLIND.  Mvopic. 

PURHMNDNE'SS,  Myopia. 

PU KIJ A M E NT,  Purgative. 

PURGAMENTA,  Excrement  — p.  Alba,  Leu- 
corrhoea  —  p.  Infantis,  Meconium  —  p.  Puerperii, 
Lochia  —  p.  Uteri,  Lochia. 

PUR(JAN8  MEDICAMENTUM,  Cathartic. 

PUKUATIO,  Catharsis  — p.  Alvi,  Catharsis  — 
p.  Muliebris  alba,  Leucorrhoea  —  p.  Puerperii, 
Lochia. 

PURGATION,  Catharsis. 

PURGATIONES,  Menses  —  p.  Menstruoe, 
Menses. 

PURGATfOyS,  Menses. 

PUR'GATIVE,  Piirrjnti'iuia,  Piirgnnfi,  Moch'- 
li'ctif,  Cdtoi-et'ieiin,  Gdtoter'iciii,  Cnthar'tic,  Piir'- 
l/fiment,  Piirrje,  (F.)  Piirrpitif.  from  pnr<jnre,  pur- 
yatiim,  '  to  cleanse.'  A  medicine  which  operates 
luoro  powerfully  on  the  bowels  than  a  laxative, 
stimulating  the  muscular,  and  exciting  increased 
Becretion  from  the  mucous,coat. 

PURGE,  Purgative  —  p.  Root,  Euphorbia  co- 
rollata. 

PURGING.  Diarrhoea. 

PURIF'ICANS,  Pnrif'i'cKS,  from  pnrificare, 
'to  make  pure  or  clean.'     Purifying;  hence  :  — 

PtiniFfCANTiA,  Medicines  that  cleanse  or  purify 
the  blood. 

PURIFTCUS,  Purificans. 

PU'RIFORM,  Ptiriform'is,  from  pu9,  pun's, 
and  foniKt.     Having  the  appearance  of  pus. 

PURL.  A  medicated  malt  liquor,  in  which 
wormwood  and  aromatics  are  infused. 

PURO-IIEPATITIS,  see  Hepatitis. 

PURO-MUCOUS.  Puro-miico'liiis,  from  pus, 
puris,  and  mucus.  Having  the  character  or  ap- 
pearance of  pus  and  mucus. 

PURPLE  OF  CASSIUS,  (F.)  Pourpre  de 
C'lssiux.  A  precipitate,  obtained  by  adding  the 
protochloride  of  tin  to  a  dilute  solution  of  gold  ; 
or  by  dipping  rods  of  tin  in  a  solution  of  gold  in 
diluted  chlorohydric  acid.      Used  in  syphilis. 

PUllI'LES.  Purpura  bicmorrhagica. 

PUR'l'URA,  Poi'ph;irn,  'a  purple  colour.' 
This  word  Las   been  employed  iu  many  senses. 


It  generally  means,  livid  spots  on  the  skin  from 
extravasated  blood,  with  languor  and  loss  of 
muscular  strength,  pains  in  the  limbs.  —  (F.) 
Po\iipre. 

In  PiRPURA  Simplex,  Porpli'yra  simplex,  Fe- 
tecliice  siiiefebie,  Pelio'sis,  Phattiy'mus  Petechia'- 
lis,  Piufu'sio  subcutu'uea,  Pete'chinl  Scurvy,  the 
spots  are  numerous,  but  small  and  flea-bite- 
shaped:  chiefly  on  the  breast,  arms,  and  legs; 
with  paleness  of  countenance.  At  times,  the 
afi'ection  is  accompanied  by  severe  pains  in  the 
extreiuities,  constituting  Pelio'sis  rheumat'ica. 

In  Purpura  l{xy\oniinAG"\CA,  Porph'yra  ha- 
morrhiuj"icii,  Stomdc'nce  universii'lis,  lltBmorrha- 
(jiii  universii'lis,  Petecliimio'Hts,  Morbus  tiiaculo'sua 
licBmorrhii(j"icus  Werlhof'ii,  Pelio'sis  hoemor- 
rhri(j"icti,  Scorbu'tus,  Schorbu'tus,  Hcemorrhoe'a 
petecliiii'lis,  HtF.matospil'id,  Laud  Scurvy,  Pur- 
ples, (F.)  Scorbut,  S.  de  Terrc,  Maladie  de  Werl- 
hoj,  Ileniaceliuose,  Peliose  hemorrhiiyique  —  the 
spots  are  circular,  and  of  difl"erent  sizes;  often  in 
stripes  or  patches,  irregularly  scattered  over  the 
thighs,  arms,  and  trunk;  with  occasional  haemor- 
rhage from  the  mouth,  nostrils,  or  viscera,  And 
great  debility  and  depression  of  spirits. 

In  Purpura  Nau'tica,  Porphyra  nautica, 
Scorbu'tus,  Pecliytyrbe,  Giiiyibra'chium,  Giugipe'- 
dium,  Scelotyr'be,  Stonxic'iice,  Scorbu'tus  nau'ti- 
cuH,  Sea  scurvy,  (Sc.)  Scrubie,  (F.)  Scorbut, 
there  are  spots  of  different  hues,  intermixed  with 
the  livid,  principally  at  the  roots  of  the  hair;  the 
teeth  are  loose  ;  the  gums  are  spongy  and  bleed- 
ing; the  breath  is  fetid,  and  the  debility  univer- 
sal and  extreme.  This  occurs  chiefly  at  sea, 
after  exposure  to  a  moist,  cold,  foul  atmosphere; 
with  long  use  of  one  kind  of  food  and  of  stag- 
nant water. 

All  these  varieties  of  purpura  considerably  re- 
semble each  other.  In  the  first  two,  however, 
there  seems,  at  times,  to  be  some  excitement, 
which  has  led  to  the  employment  of  purgatives, 
and  even  of  bleeding,  with  advantage.  They 
are  dependent  upon  a  peculiar  diathesis,  which 
has  been  termed  Srorbu'tic  Cachex'in,  Lues  Scor- 
bu'tico,  and  Cttcochyiti' in  Scorbii'ticn.  Generally 
speaking,  the  use  of  the  mineral  acids  will  be  in- 
dicated ;  and,  in  sea  scurvy,  vegetable  acids  must 
be  regarded  as  the  best  antiscorbutics.  Nitre  is, 
also,  a  good  antiscorbutic,  and  in  cases  of  great 
prostration  it  may  be  united  with  cinchona 
or  turi)entine.  Tamarinds  and  cream  of  tartar, 
made  into  drink,  are  also  serviceable.  But  the 
great  remedy  is  change  from  low  to  cheerful  spi- 
rits ;  from  filth  to  cleanliness;  and  from  a  cold 
and  damp,  to  a  temperate  and  dry  climate,  with 
change  of  food,  and  especially  the  use  of  green 
vegetables. 

The  general  principles  of  management  are  the 
same  in  sea,  as  in  land  scurvy. 

Purpura,  Scarlatina — p.  Alba  benigna  et  ma- 
ligna. Miliary  fever  —  p.  Jlaligna,  Petechias  —  p 
Miliaris,  Miliary  fever — p.  Puerperarum,  Miliary 
fever  —  p.  Urticata,  Urticaria. 

PURPURIC  URINE,  see  Porphyruria. 

PURPURINE.  see  Porphyruria. 

PURPURISSUM,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretum 
rubrum. 

PURRING   TREMOR,  Fr^missemeut  calaire. 

PURSE,  Scrotum — p.  Shepherd's,  Thlaspi 
bursa. 

PUR'SINESS,  Dyspnm'ci  piuguedino'sa,  (F.) 
Pousse.  Dyspncen  accompanied  with  oppressive 
fatness.  The  word  is,  also,  applied  to  dyspnoea 
of  every  kind.  One  so  affected  is  said  to  be  pursy, 
or  short-ieiuded,  (Prov.)  Short-vf-puff,  Thick- 
listed.  (F.)  Poussif. 

PURSLAIN.  Purslane. 

PURSLANE.  Portulaea  — p.  Milk,  Euphorbia 
coroUata  and  E.  maculuta  —  p.   Speedwell,  Ve» 


rURSY 


rVLEPIILEBITIS 


rnnica  percgrina  —  p.  Water,  Ludwigia  palustris, 
Vi'iimiea  beccalmnga. 

PURSY,  pee  Pursiness. 

]»UKUr,ENCE,  Pus,  Suppuration. 

PURULENCY,  Pus,  Suppuration. 

PU'RULENT,  Piinden'tiis,  Em'pi/os,  Pyo'des, 
Pij'tcHs,  from  pux,  purtn.  That  wiiieh  has  the 
character  of  pus  or  consists  of  pus;  as  purulent 
matter,  a  purulent  collection,  &c. 

PuRtJLKXT  DbPOSIT,  Pus. 

PURULENTIA,  Suppuration. 

PURVAIN,  Verbena  officinalis. 

PUS,  Humor  puruleu'tun,  Pi/on,  Pt/otio'ma, 
ilntter,  Pu'ruleut  cle/mn'it,  Pu'rulence,  Pu'rulency, 
(Se.)  Wournum,  Worsum.  A  secretion  from  in- 
flamed textures,  and  especially  from  the  areolar 
membrane.  It  is,  almost  always,  of  the  same  na- 
ture, whatever  may  be  the  part  it  proceeds  from. 
Pus  of  a  good  quality, — laudable  pus.  Pus  hovum 
sou  laudab'ile  seu  nutriti'vtim  seu  verum,  (P.) 
Pus  louahle,  —  is  of  a  yellowish-white  colour, 
opake,  inodorous,  and  of  a  creamy  appearance. 
Heat,  acids,  and  alcohol  coagulate  it.  When 
analyzed  by  Schwilgue,  it  afforded  albumen  and 
water,  a  particular  extractive  substance,  and  a 
small  quanty  of  soda,  phosphate  of  lime,  and 
other  salts.  Normal  pus  consists  essentially  of 
two  distinct  parts,  pus  corpuscles  or  pus  (/lobules, 
Cjjtoid  corpuscles,  (Ilenle)  —  and  a  colourless, 
aqueous  fluid,  liquor  purls,  in  which  the  corpus- 
cles are  suspended.  A  variety  of  the  pus  cor- 
puscles is  described  by  M.  Lebert  under  the  name 
jiijoid.     Fully  formed  pus  is  aplastic. 

Pas  BoNTM,  see  Pus  —  p.  Corpuscles,  see  Pus 

—  p.  Corrosivura,   Sanies  —  p.  Globules,  see  Pus 

—  p.  Laudable,  see  Pus  —  ;;.  Louable,  see  Pus  — 
p.  Malignum,  Ichor  —  p.  Malignum,  Sanies  —  p. 
Nutritivum,  see  Pus  —  p.  Verum,  see  Pus. 

PUSH.  Pustule. 

PUSILLA'TUM,  PusuWtum,  from  p»«!7/iw, 
'small'  [?].     A  coarse  powder. 

PUSILLUS,  Nanus. 

PUSKILE,  Pustule. 

PUSTULA,  Pustule  — p.  Ardens,  Eczema— p. 
Oris,  Aphthae — p.  Gangrenosa,  see  Anthrax — p. 
Livida  Esthoniai,  see  Anthrax. 

PusTULyE  Sicc.*;,  Lichen. 

PUSTULAR,  Pustulous,  Pnstnla'ris,  Pustulo'- 
sus,  (F.)  Pustuleu.r.  Of  or  belonging  to  pusttrles. 
Affected  with  pustules. 

PUSTULA'TION,  Pustula'tio,  from  pustula, 
'a  pustule.'     The  formation  of  pustules. 

PUSTULE.  Push-ile,  Push,  Pus'tula,  from  pus. 
Ecpi/e'sis,  Ecthy'ma,  Bennth,  Bube,  Epauns'tnsis. 
An  elevation  of  the  cuticle,  with  an  inflamed 
base,  containing  pus.  Willan  and  Bateman 
reckon  four  varieties  of  pustules,  Pliltjzn'cium, 
Psi/dra'cium,  Achor,  and  Favus.  The  variolous 
pustule  is  often  called,  by  the  French,  Grain  :  by 
us,  Pock. 

PUSTULE  MALIGNE,  see  Anthrax. 

PUSTULOU.**.  Pustular. 

PUSULATUM,  Pusillatum, 

PUT  TO  BED,  Deliver. 

PUTAMEN  OVI,  see  Membrana  putaminis. 

PUTIUM,  Prepuce. 

PUTREDO,  Hospital  Gangrene,  Putrefaction. 

■VWiV.KV XC'IIO^,  Putrefnc'tio,Putrescen'ti<,. 
Sepsis,  S'ip'rotes,  Se'pcdon,  Putrid  or  Putrefact'ive 
fcrmeutatiou,  from  putris.  puire,  'rotten,'  and 
facere,  '  to  make.'  A  decomposition,  experienced 
by  animal  substances,  when  deprived  of  life,  and 
placed  under  special  circumstances.  The  pre- 
seru'c  of  water  is  indispensable,  the  temperature 
most  favourable  to  it,  is  from  60°  to  90°  of 
Fahrenheit.  The  most  common  products  of  pu- 
trefaction are,  water,  carbonic  acid,  acetic  acid, 
ammonia,  carburetted  hydrogen,  and  a  semi- 
putrid  substance,  which  is  volatilized,  and  has  an 


infected  odour.  It  has  been  supposed  tlint  st)nio. 
thing  like  jiutrcfaclion  may  occur  in  the  living 
body,  as  in  case  of  putrid  fever.  To  this  condi- 
tion, Piorry  has  given  the  name  Typhohit'uiia, 
conceiving  it  to  be  owing  to  alteration  of  tho 
blood  by  putrid  animal  matters.  Puirr/action 
signifies  the  state  of  becoming  putrid  :  whilst  Pu- 
tridity,  Putre'do,  Putrid' itas,  J'u'triduiss,  (V.) 
Puurrifure,  is  the  State  of  rcjttenncss. 

PUTRESCENT,  llyposaprus— p.  Poison,  see 
Poison. 

PUTRESCENTIA,  Putrefaction  —  p.  Uteri 
gravidi,  Ilystcro-malacia. 

PUTRID,  Pu'tridus,  Sapros,  Sepedouo'des.  (F.) 
Putride,  from  putreo,  '  to  rot.'  An  C)iilhet  for 
some  affections,  in  which  the  matters  excreted 
and  the  transpiration  itself  exhale  a  smell  of  pu- 
tridity.    It  is  particularly  a])i)liod  to  typhus. 

PUTRTDITAS,  sec  Putrclaction. 

PUTRIDITY,  see  Putrefaction. 

PUTRILA'GO,  Putror,  (F.)  Putrilar/c.  Same 
etymon.  The  pultaceous  matter  or  sloui/h,  whiih 
forms  in  certain  gangrenous  and  other  ulcers, 
and  is  thrown  off. 

PUTROR,  Putrilage. 

PUTZOCIIILL.  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum. 

PUXIRI,  see  Pichurim  beans. 

PYJ^MIA.  Pyohicmia. 

PYAR'THRUM,  from  irvov,  'pus,' and  apOpov, 
'joint.'     A  sup])urated  joint. 

PYCNAN'THEMUiM  INCA'NUM,  (m'xroi, 
'dense,'  and  av&ettov,  'a  blossom.')  Cliuopod'ium 
inca'num,  Common  Mountain  Mint,  Wild  Basil. 
An  indigenous  plant  of  the  mint  familij — Ord. 
Labiatie  —  which  flowers  in  August.  It  has  tlio 
aromatic  properties  of  the  mints. 

Pycnan'tukmum  Linifo'lutm,  Virc/inia  Thyme, 
has  like  virtues. 

PYCNICMASTTCA,  Incrassantia. 

PYCNOSIS,  Inspissatio. 

PYCNOTICA,  Incrassantia. 

PYEC'CHYSIS,  from  wov,  'pus,'  and  £(f;;^ti(7(j, 
'effusion.'     An  effusion  of  pus. 

PYELI'TIS,  (F.)  PyHite,  from  7:u£>os,  'pelvis,' 
and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammatiun 
of  the  pelvis  and  calices  of  the  kidney. 

PYELOMETER,  Pelvimeter. 

PYELONEPIIRI'TIS,  from  ttucXo?,  'pelvis,' 
vc(ppos,  'kidney,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  kidney,  and  of  the  pelvis  and 
calices, 

PYELOS,  Pelvis. 

PYEMESIS,  Pyoemesis. 

PYESIS,  Suppuration. 

PYETIA,  Colostrum,  Rennet. 

PYGE,  Nates. 

PYGMiEUS,  Pygmy. 

PYGME,  Fist,  Forearm. 

P  YG.UEE,  Pygmy. 

Pl'^GMY,  Pigmy,  Pyf/tnes'us,  (F.)  Pyrjmfe,  from 
vvyfir,,  'the  fist;  as  big  .as  the  fist.'  A  dwarf. 
The  Pygmaji  were  a  fabulous  nation  of  dwarfs  in 
the  extreme  parts  of  India;  or,  according  to 
others,  in  Ethiopia. 

PYGODID'Y'MUS,  Did'ym\ts  'symphyoperina'- 
"»'  J^IJ9"P'"<J'^'><  fro'n  "")"?>  '  the  nates,'  and  kov- 
tioi.  '  a  twin.'  A  monstrosity,  in  which  twins  are 
united  by  the  sacrum  and  coccyx. 

PYGOM'ELES,  (F.)  PyijomHe,  from  m<yr,,'\h(i 
nates,'  and  /jcXtoi, '  un))rofitable.'  A  monster  with 
excessive  growth  on  the  nates  or  rump. 

PYGOPAGES,  Pygodidymus. 

PYICUS,  Purulent. 

PYLE.  Porta. 

PYLEMPIIRAX'IS,  from  nvXv,  'porta,'  'a 
gate,' and  f/i0p<i(ij, 'obstruction.'  Obstruction  of 
the  vena  porta. 

PYLEPHLEBI'TIS,  from  ttwAi,,  'porta,'  ^Ae^, 


PYLORIC 


•9        rYR AMIDES  ANT&RIEURES 


ifiUl^oi,  'a  vein,'  and  iiin,  denoting  inflammation. 
Iiill1iiiiinMli(pn  of  the  vena  porta. 

PVLOK'IC.  I'ylor'icuR,  (F.)  Pyhnlqw.  Same 
etymou  as  pyloru.s.  That  which  relates  to  the 
pyh.rus.     An  epithet  },'iven  to  different  parts. 

PVLOmc  AliTKiir,  y\rte'na  Corona' ri<i  dextrn, 
(F.)  Pittite  iirthe  'j(i>ttriqite  droi'te,  arises  from  the 
hepatic,  and  is  di.-trilnited  to  the  pylorus  and  to 
the  lesser  curvature  of  the  stomach,  anastomosing, 
particularly,  with  the  A.  coronaria  ventriculi  and 
A.  K^stro-epiploica  dextra. 

Prt>oiiic  Vein  follows  the  same  distribution  as 
the  artery. 

PYLORIQUE,  Pyloric. 

PYLO'KUS, /'e/i'/for,  J'ortnna'rhini,  from  irvXri, 
'a  gate,'  and  ovpos,  'a  guardian.'  On'tium  ven- 
In'c'uli  duodena' te  sau  pi//.or'icu>ii  seu  dcrtrum  seu 
iiife'rinn,  OriJic"iHm  dextniin  seu  iti/eriim  seu 
E;ire«'nui  seu  Oh  iii/e'riim  seu  Au'iiuhis  si'U  Sp/iiiic- 
ter  vi'iitric' idi,  Oitia'riiis,  Ilostia'riiis,  (F.)  I'ljJore. 
The  lower  or  right  orifice  of  the  stomach — Orifice 
iiitcntiixtl  (Ch.)  —  is  called  Pylorus,  because  it 
closes  the  entrance  into  the  intestinal  canal,  and 
is  furnished  with  a  circular,  flattened,  fibro-inu- 
eims  ring,  which  occasions  the  tfltal  closure  of 
the  stomach  during  digestion  in  that  organ.  This 
ring  has  been  called  the  Vah^e  of  tlie  Pi/lorun, 
Sjihiucter  I'yio' ri,  Pi/lo'ruH  proprie  sic  dictus,  (F.) 
Vidrule  du  pi/lore.  It  is  a  fold  of  the  mucous 
and  muscular  membranes  of  the  stomach;  and 
is  the  Pyloric  muscle  of  some  authors. 

PYO,  in  composition,  means  'pus,'  from  irvuv, 
'pus.' 

PYOBLENNICIIS,  Mucopurulent. 

PYOBLENNORRIKE'A,  from pyo,  and  (iXcvva, 
'mucus,'  and  peot,  'I  flow.'  A  discharge  of  puri- 
form  mucus. 

PYOCENO'SIS,  h-om pyo,  and  Kcvioan,  'evacua- 
tion.'    Evacuation  of  pus. 

PYOCIIEZ'IA,  Diarrhao'a  purulen'ta,  from 
pyn,  and  ;(£(ci),  '  I  go  to  stool.'  Discharge  of  pus 
by  stool.     Purulent  diarrhoea. 

PYOCCE'LIA,  Asci'tca  purnlen'tns,  from  pyo, 
and  KoiXia,  '  the  belly.'  Pus  ia  the  abdominal 
cavity. 

PYOCYSTIS,  Vomica. 

PYODES,  Purulent. 

PYG'iUE'iMA,  from  pyo,  and  oiSntia,  'swelling.' 
Tumefaction  of  the  surface  owing  to  effusion  of 
pus. 

PYOKM'ESIS,  Pyem'esis,  Vom'itus purulent' us, 
from  pyo,  and  ttttaii,  'the  act  of  vomiting.' 
Vomiting  of  pus. 

PYOGENESIS,  Pyogenia. 

PYOGEN'IA,  P«".<7«h'iV(,  Pyorjen'esis,  Pyopoe'- 
si's,  from /i^o,  and  yci/£<n{,  'generation.'  Genera- 
tion of  pus.  The  theory  or  mechanism  of  the 
formation  of  pus.  Some  have  believed  that  pus 
is  formed  by  the  arteriiil  system,  and  is  deposited, 
by  way  of  excretion,  in  the  inflamed  parts  ;  others, 
that  it  is  formed  by  the  destruction  of  solid  parts. 
It  seems  to  be  owing  to  a  degeneration  of  the 
liquor  sanguinis  and  exudation  corpuscles. 

PvoGKNiA  CoRROSivA,  Ulceration — p.  Simplex, 
Suppuration. 

PYOGEN'IC,  Pyor/en'icus.  Same  etymon. 
Ilavina;  relation  to  the  formation  of  pus. 

PYOILE'MIA,  Pyw'inin,  tF.)  Pyohemie,  from 
pyo,  and  'ai/ia,  '  blood.'  Alteration  of  the  blood 
by  pus,  giving  occasion  to  the  Diath'esis  seu  In- 
fec'lio  purulen'tn. 

PYOID  CORPUSCLES  or  GLOBULES,  see 
Pus. 

PYOME'TRA,  P.  purulen'ta,  from  pyo,  and 
UnTM,  '  womb.'     A  collection  of  pus  in  the  uterus. 

PvoMKTRA  PuiuiLKNT.v,  Pyometra. 

PYON.  Pus. 

PVnXKPIIfifTE,  see  Nephritis. 

PYONOMA,  Pus. 


PYOOTORRIICEA,  Otirrhcea. 

PYOPERICAR'DIA,  Pyopericar'dium,  from 
pyo,  ircfit,  'about,'  and  Kapdta,  '  the  heart.'  A  col- 
lection of  j)us  in  the  pericardium. 

PYOPIITJIALMIA.  Hypopyon  — p.  Neonato- 
rum, see  Ophthalmia  (purulenta  infantum). 

PYOPLEUlilTE,  Empyema. 

PYOPOESLS,  Pyogenia. 

PYOP'TYSIS,  from  ;;^o,  and  tttdw,  'I  spit.' 
Spitting  of  pus. 

PY'^ORRIIAG"IA,  from  ;;!/o,  and  ^ayi;,  'violent 
rupture.'  A  sudden  discharge  of  a  large  collec- 
tion of  matter. 

PYORRliffi'A,  from  pyo,  and  ptu,  '  I  flow.'  A 
discharge  of  pus. 

PyortRHCEA  Alvi.va,  Pyochezia  —  p.  Aurium, 
Oiirrhnea  —  p.  Nasalis,  Ozicna  —  p.  Palpebriu, 
Blepharopyorrhoea — p.  Urinalis,  Pyuria^ p.  Yi- 
arum  lacrymalium,  Dacryopyorrhoea. 

PYOSIS,  Hypopyon,  Pterygion,  Suppuratioa 
—  p.  Pectoris,  Empyema. 

PYOTHORAX  VERUS,  Empyema. 

PYOTORRHEE,  Otirrhoea. 

PYOTURIA,  Pyuria. 

PYR,  Fever. 

Pl'RA,  Anthrax — p.  Crustumina,  Crusturaina- 
tum  —  p.  Crustumerina,  Crustuminatum. 

PYR'AMID,  Pyr'nmis,  nvfiOfit;,  irvpafiiSuS, 
Eminen'tia  pyramidu'lis  tym'paiii,  from  -to, 
'flame,'  which  has  a  conical  appearance  [?].  A 
small  bony  projection  in  the  cavity  of  the  tym- 
panum, which  is  excavated,  to  lodge  the  muscles 
of  the  stapes.  The  Centre-pin  of  the  trej)hine. 
A  small,  obtusely  pointed  eminence  of  the  infe- 
rior vermiform  i)rocess  of  the  cerebellum. 

Pyramid,  see  Cnlumba — p.  of  Malacarne,  Ver- 
miform process,  inferior. 

PYRAMIDAL  DE  L' ABDOMEN,  Pyrami- 
dalis  abdominis  —  j>.  de  hi  Cuisse,  Pyramidalis — • 
p.  du  Nez,  Pyramidalis  nasi — |;.  Hlnpedien,  Sta- 
pedius. 

PYRAMIDALE,  (OS,)  Cuneiform,  (bone.) 

PYRAMIDA'LIS  ABDOM'INIS,  Mus'cuhm 
Follo'pii  seu  succenturia'tus  sou  aujcilia' rins,  (F.) 
Puhio-omhilicdl,  Puhio-song-umhilicul  (Ch.),  Py- 
rnmidnl  de  I'ahdomcn.  A  small,  fleshy,  pyrami- 
dal fasciculus,  whose  existence  is  not  constant; 
and  which  is  inserted,  by  its  base,  into  the  upper 
part  of  the  pubis,  and  terminates,  by  its  summit, 
at  the  inferior  part  of  the  linea  alba.  When  it 
contracts,  it  stretches  the  linea  alba. 

PyrAMIDa'i.is,  p.  Fcm'oris,  Ili'ucus  exter'nus, 
Pyriform'is,  Piriformis,  Primus  et  superior  quod- 
rigeni'inus,  (P.)  Sacro-trovhonterien  (Ch.),  Py- 
rnmidul  de  la  cuisse.  A  fiat,  triangular  muscle, 
situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  pelvis.  By  its 
base,  it  is  attached  to  the  anterior  surface  of  the 
sacrum;  to  the  corrosiionding  surface  of  the  great 
sacro-sciatic  ligament  and  to  the  posterior  part 
of  the  ilium.  It  terminates  by  a  tendon,  which. 
is  attached  to  the  inner  surface  of  the  great  tro- 
chanter. This  muscle  is  a  rotator  of  the  thigh 
outwards,  or  of  the  pelvis  in  an  opposite  direction. 

PvRAMiDAi.is  Fkmoris,  Pyramidalis. 

Pyramida'ms  Nasi,  Proc"erus  vasi,  Xasum 
dilu'tans,  (F.)  Fronto-nasal  (Ch.),  Pyramid<d  da 
nez.  A  thin,  triangular  muscle,  which  has  its 
summit  upwards.  Above,  it  is  continuous  with 
the  occipito-frontalis.  It  descends  vertically  bo- 
fore  the  root  of  the  nose,  on  which  it  terminates, 
becoming  confounded  with  the  transversalis. 
This  muscle  wrinkles  the  skin  of  the  root  of  tho 
nose  transversely,  and  stretches  that  which  covers 
the  tip. 

PY'RAMTDES.  Corpora  pyramidalia. 

PYR  AMIDES  AXTERIEURES,  Corpora 
pyramidalia  — p.  Ferreini,  Ferrein,  pyramids  of 


PYRAMIDS   OF   MALPIGIII 


780 


PYRUS   AMERICANA 


■ — p.  Malpighianse,  Papillae  of  the  kidney — p.  Pos- 
terieniet  (l(t  cercelel.  Corpora  restiforiuia. 

PYRAMIDS  OF  MALPIGIII,  PapiUre  of  the 
kidney — p.  of  Ferrein,  see  Ferrein — p.  Posterior, 
Corpora  restiforiuia — p.  of  Wistar,  Sphenoidal 
cornuii. 

PYllAMIS,  Penis,  Pyramid— p.  Cochleae,  Mo- 
diolus —  p.  Trigona,  see  Temporal  bone. 
PYIIC/EA,  Incendium. 

PYREC'TICA,  'febrile;'  from  Ttvperos,  'fever,' 
and  £Xi>),  '  I  have.'  Fevers  :  the  first  order  in  the 
class  IIcBiiiaticn  of  Good. 

PYltELAlNES,  Olea  empyreumatica. 
PYKEXOIDES,  Odontoid. 
PYRETHHE,  Anthemis  pyrethrum. 
PYRETHRUM,  Anthemis  pyrethrum,  Urtica 
— p.  Parthenium,  Matricaria  parthenium — p.  Syl- 
vestre,  Achillea  ptarmica. 

PYRETICO'SIS,    from    Trup,     'fire,'     n-uptroj, 
'fever;'  Morbus febri'lh.     A  febrile  affection. 
PYRETIC  US,  Febrifuge,  Febrile. 
PYRETOGENETIC,  Stimulant. 
PYRETOGRAPH'IA,    from    Tri-gtrou    'fever,' 
and   ypaipri,   'a   description.'      A   description    of 
fever. 

PYRETOL'OGY,   PyretoUx/'ia,  from    fftpperof, 
'fever,' and  \oyoi,  'a  discourse.'     Pyrol'oyy.     A 
treatise  on  fevers.     A  title  sometimes  given  to  a 
monograph  on  fever. 
PYRETOS.  Fever. 
PYRETOTYPOSIS,  Intermittent. 
PYREX'IA,Pyre.c'is,  77wp£|is,(:7«p, 'fire.')  Fever. 
The  febrile  condition.     Also,  a  paro.xysm  of  fever 
—  Paroxysmim  fehri'lls. 

PvREx'i/E,  Febrile  diseases.  The  first  class  of 
Culien's  Nosology. 

PYRI  MARTIALES,  Ferrum  tartarizatum. 
PYRIA,  Fomentation,  Vaporarium. 
PYRIATERIUM,  Vaporarium. 
PYHICAUSTUM,  Burn. 
PYRIFOKMIS.  Pyramidalis. 
PYRII'II'LEGES,     TTVfHtliXiyrig,     Pyripllectos, 
TvptrpXtKroi,  from  nvp,  'fire,'  and  (pXeyti),  'I  burn.' 
One  who  has  a  burning  fever. 

PYRITES,  IRON,  Ferri  sulphuretum. 
PYRMONT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
celebrated  mineral  spring  on  the  Weser,  in  West- 
phalia, four  leagues  from  Ilamelet.  The  waters 
are  tonic,  and  contain  chlorides  of  sodium  and 
magnesium,  sulphates  of  soda  and  magnesia,  and 
carbonates  of  iron,  lime,  and  magnesia  dissolved 
in  carbonic  acid,  with  some  resinous  [?]  princi- 
ples.    It  is  a  highly  carbonated  chalybeate. 

Arti1''ic"ial  Pyiemont  Water  may  be  formed 
of  Epsom  salt,  gr.  XV ;  common  salt,  gr.  v;  mag- 
vesia,  gr.  x;  irou-filings.  gr.  v;  water,  Oiij.  Im- 
pregnated with  the  gas  from  marble-powder  and 
eiilphnrir  acid,  aa  ,^vij. 

PY'R(ENUS,  Spiritiis  rectificatus. 
PYR'OLA,  p.  rotuiidl/o'lia,  Ronnd-leaved  Py- 
rola  or  Wintergreen  ;  Shin  leaf.  Ord.  Ericaceae. 
Diminutive  of  Pyrns,  a  pear  tree,  from  a  fancied 
resemblance  of  the  foliage.  This  plant  was  once 
U.«ed  as  a  gentle  astringent  and  tonic. 

Pyii'ola  Macula'ta,  Chimnph'iln  Macnla'ta, 
S/JOtted  Pipsis'sewa,  Spotted  Wintergreen,  Whitc- 
Ifif,  White  Pipnissewd,  King  cure,  Ground  holly, 
Jiheumatism  weed,  &c.,  has  similar  properties. 
Pyiiola,  Roundleavei),  Pyrola. 
Pvitoi.A  Umbklla'Ta.  Chimaph'iln  seu  Chi- 
tnoph'ila  umbella'ta,  G.  Corymbo'sn,  Ground-holly, 
J'ipsis'sewa,  Wintergreen,  Rheumatism  toeed, 
Prince's  pine,  Herbe  a  pisser  ( Canada).  This  com- 
mon American  plant  is  allied  to  the  uva  ursi,  in  bo- 
tanical as  well  as  medical  qualities.  It  is  tonic 
and  diuretic.  The  bruised  leaves  irritate  the 
skin.  From  the  decoction  or  infusion  an  agree- 
able beverage  may  be  formed  by  adding  sugar, 


ginger  to  flavour  it,  and  yeast  to  produce  ferijien- 
tation.  Under  the  name  Pipsis'ncwa  Beer  it  hi« 
been  used  in  scrofulous  affections. 

PYROLEUM  OSSIUM  RECTIFICATUM, 
Oleum  animale  Dippelii. 

P  Y  R  0  L  I  G  '  N  E  0  U  S  ACID,  Ac''idum  py- 
roace'licuin  seu  pyiotig'neum  seu  pyroligno'sum  seu 
pyroxyl'icum  seu  ligni  pyro-oleo'sum  seu  ace'ticiim 
empyrenmat'icum  seu  lig'ncum  seu  llguo'rum  em- 
pyreuntat'icum,  Pyridig'uic  acid,  (F.)  Aclde  pyro- 
avetique  ou  pyrolignique  OU  pyroligueux,  Vinaigre 
de  bois.  An  acid,  obtained  by  distillation  from 
wood,  coal,  <fcc.,  which  was  once  believed  to  be  of 
a  peculiar  character.  It  is  now  known  to  be 
formed  of  acetic  acid  and  an  empyreumatic  oil, 
from  which  it  may  be  freed  ;  and,  in  this  state,  is 
sold  in  commerce  for  Acctnm  distillatum,  Acetic 
acid  of  commerce,  Ac"idum  ace'ticum  e  Liguo 
vena'le.  It  is  used  for  similar  purposes  as  dis- 
tilled vinegar,  and  for  preserving  animal  sub- 
stances. It  has  also  been  used  as  an  antiseptic 
in  gangrene  and  sphacelus,  and  to  foul  ulcers; 
wherever  indeed  crcasote  is  indicated. — The  dose 
of  the  impure  pyroligneous  acid  internally  is 
from  five  to  thirty  drops,  three  or  four  times  a 
day. 

PYROMA'NIA,  Tncen'diary  mouoma'nia,  from 
TTvp,  'fire,'  and  mania.  Insanity,  with  an  irre- 
sistible desire  to  destroy  by  fire. 

PYROPII'AGUS,   Igniv'orus,  from  jrup,  'fire,' 
and  fayo),  '  I  eat.'    One  who  eats  fire.    A  juggler, 
who  eats  bodies  in  a  state  of  ignition. 
PYROS,  Triticum. 

PYRO'SIS,  from  -rnp, '  fire,' '  the  act  of  burning.' 
Ptyalis'iuns pyros'icus,  Limo'sis  cirdlal'gia  sputa- 
to'ria.  Ardor  seu  Ebnllit"io  slom'achi  seu  ventric'- 
nli,  Cardial'gia  sj^utato' ria, Pyrosis  Suec"ica,Apo- 
ceno'sis  vom'itus  pyrosis,  Dyspcp'sia  pyrosis,  Ouis- 
morey'mia,  Orex'is  (of  some).  Soda,  Waterbrash, 
Waterqualm,  Waterpang,  lilaclc-water,  (F.)  Ar- 
denr  de  I'estomac,  Fer  chaud,  Cremason,  Gorgosset. 
This  affection  consists  of  a  hot  sensation  in  the 
stomach,  with  eructations  of  an  acrid,  burning 
liquid,  that  causes  a  distressing  sensation  in  the 
parts  over  which  it  passes.  Attention  to  diet, 
and  the  use  of  bitter  absorbents,  will  usually  re- 
lieve, when  the  disease  is  functional.  Occasion- 
ally, it  is  symptomatic  of  organic  disease  of  the 
stomach. 

Pyrosis  also  signified,  of  old,  inflammation, 
gangrene,  and  a  burn. 

Pyrosis  Suecica,  Pyrosis. 
PYROSOPIIIA,  Chvmistry. 
PYROTECHNIA,  Chymistrv. 
PY'ROTECIINY,    Pyrotech'ne,    Pyrolcch'ma, 
from  -vp,  'fire,'  and  TC)(^vtf,  'art.'     Art  of  making 
fire-works,  &c.     Also,  chyinistry.     M.  Percy  has 
used   the   term  Pyrotechnic   Chirurgicale  for  the 
art   of   applying   fire    or  the    actual    cautery  in 
surgery. 

PYROTIIONIDE,  from  irup,  'fire.'  and  oBovv, 
'linen.'  Liquor  pyro-oleo'sus  e  lin'teo  para'tus, 
A  kind  of  pyrogenous  or  empyreumatic  oil,  pro- 
duced by  the  combustion  of  textures  of  hemp, 
linen,  or  cotton  in  a  copper  vessel.  The  brown 
product  is  acid.  Its  medical  properties  probably 
resemble  those  of  creasote.  Diluted  with  three 
or  four  times  its  weight  of  water,  it  has  been  used 
as  a  gargle  in  cynanche  tonsillaris,  but  is  not 
now  employed. 

It  is  said,  also,  to  be  a  popular  remedy  for 
toothach  and  skin  diseases.    When  prepared  from 
rags,  it  is  called  Rag  oil ;  when  from  paper.  Pa- 
per oil,  (F.)  Huile  de  Papier. 
PYROTICUS,  Caustic. 
PYROXYLIN,  Gun  cotton,  see  Collodion. 
PYRUS  AMERICANA,  Sorbus  Americana. 
Pyrus     Cydo'nia,    Cydo'nin    malifor'mis   seu 
vuhja'ris,   Sorbua    Cydo'nia,    Cydo'nia,    Cotu'nia, 


PYETIA 


!1 


QUARANTINE 


Quince  Tree,  (F.)  Coir/nnsiicr,  C'tgnasfier.  Ord. 
llosarese.  Sex.  Si/hI.  Icosandria  Pentagynia. 
The  fruit  is  termed  Ci/do'itiuin  ninlnm,  Mnlnm 
ciiiiiini  seu  colo' Ileum,  Melitm  ci/dn'tiium,  Quince, 
(F.)  Colyii.  Quince-seeds— Cyf/o';n'Hm  (Ph.  U.  S. 
IHJl)  —  are  sometimes  used  in  decoction  as  a  de- 
mulcent.    The  fruit  makes  a  pleasant  preserve. 

Pviii'S  DoMKSTiCA,  Sorbus  domestiea. 

PyiMJS  Maliis,  J/alita,  M.  d(iKi/j)hi/l'lfi  seu  com- 
fliii'iii*  seu  ai/lnen'trii,  Sorbus  malua,  Melca,  the 
Apple  Tree,  (F.)  Pomiiiie.r.  The  apple  —  (F.) 
Puiiime — is  an  agreeable  fruit  when  ripe.  When 
unripe,  it  disagrees,  especially  with  those  of  weak 
digestive  powers.  The  same  may  be  said  of  the 
pear,  (F.)  /'aire;  the  fruit  of  Pijrus  commit' iiis, 
P.  Sorhits  seu  Suti'oa,  PiruH,  A'/iioi,  (F.)  Poirier. 

Apple  lirnndii  is  a  spirituous  liquor  obtained 
from  the  juice  of  the  apple,  and  much  used  in  the 
United  States. 

PYP^TIA,  Rennet. 

PYTIA,  Colostrum,  Rennet. 


PYTLSMA.  Sputum,  Sperm. 

PYUL'COX,  Pynl'citm,  from  -nyov,  'pus,'  and 
'fXico),  'I  extract.'  (F.)  Tire-pun.  A  surgical  in- 
strument for  extracting  pus  from  ^ny  cavity. 
Many  pyulca  have  been  employed,  all  of  which 
act  as  exhausting  syringes. 

PYU'RIA,  Pi/otu'ria,Pi/nrrhce'a  uriiia'lig,  (F.) 
Pyitrie,  PinHemeiit  de  Pun,  from  itvov,  '  pus,'  and 
ovpov,  'urine.'  Discharge  of  purulent  urine:  a 
symptom  which  occurs  in  many  diseases  ;  par- 
ticularly in  cases  of  renal  calculi,  and  in  organic 
affections  of  the  bladder.  It  receives  various  epi- 
thets, according  to  the  part  whence  the  pus  pro- 
ceeds : —  as  Pyuria  urethra'lia,  P.  rena'lis,  and 
P.  vesicn'lin. 

Pyuria  Chylosa,  Chyluria — p.  Lactea,  Chy- 
luria  —  p.  Mucosa,  Cystirrhoea  —  p.  Serosa,  Cys- 
tirrhoea  —  p.  Viscida,  Cystirrhoea. 

PYXIS,  irufif.  A  box  ;  a  pill-box.  Also,  an 
emollient  ointment.  —  Aetius,  and  Paulus. 

Pyxis,  BoUe,  see  Cotyloid. 


Q. 


Q.,  see  Abbreviation. 

QUAREBE,  Piper  cubeba. 

QUACK,  Charlatan. 

QUACK-MEUICINE,  Arcanum. 

QUACKSALVER,  Charlatan. 

QUADRANS,  Quarta  pars  librcB.  A  quarter 
of  a  pound.     Three  ounces  (Troy.) 

QUADRA'TUS,  (F.)  Carre,  from  quadrus, 
'square.'  A  name  for  muscles  whose  figure  ap- 
proaches a  square.  Depressor  Labii  iiiferioris, 
Quailratus  femoris. 

QuADRATUs  DonsT,  Q.  lumborum. 

Quadra'tus  Fum'ouis,  Quadralm,  Quartus 
quadrii/cm'iiiiti  quddratua,  (F.)  Tiihcr-iachio-tro- 
clianlerieii  (Ch.),  hchio-sous-trochanterien.  Carre 
de  la  Cuisse.  A  muscle  situate  at  the  posterior 
and  upper  part  of  the  thigh.  It  is  thin,  flat,  and 
quadrilateral,  and  is  attached  to  the  outer  part  of 
the  tuberosity  of  the  ischium  ;  whence  it  proceeds 
transversely  to  the  inferior  part  of  the  posterior 
margin  of  the  great  trochanter.  It  rotates  the 
limb,  turning  the  toe  outwards. 

Qiiadratus  Gex^,  Platysma  myoides — q.  Ra- 
dii, Pronator  radii  quadratus. 

QuADBATi/'s  Lumbo'rum,  Qiiadratus  seu  Liim- 
ha'ris  externun,  Q.  dorxi,  Flecletin  par  lumbo'rum, 
(F.)  Uio-eoatal,  (Ch.)  Ilio-lombi-costal,  Carre 
des  Ininben.  A  flat,  somewhat  thick,  irregularly 
quadrilateral  muscle,  situate  in  the  loins,  at  the 
sides  of  the  vertebral  column.  It  is  attached, 
below,  to  the  crista  ilii  and  ilio-lumbar  ligament; 
and  above,  to  the  inferior  margin  of  the  last  rib; 
and  besides,  to  the  base  of  the  transverse  pro- 
cesses of  the  last  four  lumbar  vertebra}.  This 
inusele  inclines  the  loins  to  its  side;  depresses 
the  last  rib,  and  is  thus  a  muscle  of  respiration. 
It  can  also  raise  the  hip. 

QUADRIGA,  Cat.aphracta. 

QUADRIGEM'INA  TUBER'CULA,^m/»en'- 
ti(B  Qiiadrii/em'iiim  seu  Pii/em' iii(B,  Optic  Loben, 
Optic  (faii(/lia.  Pons  Syl'rii,  Cor'porn  quadri- 
gem'iua  seu  bigeiii'ina.  Nates  et  Testes,  (F.) 
Tnbercnles  qundrijumeaux  on  bijunieaiir,  Emi- 
nences bifffminfen.  Lobes  optiqiies  OU  bijitmeaux. 
Four  medullary  tubercles,  situate  at  the  posterior 
surface  of  the  tuber  nnnuliire.  They  are  white, 
externally;    gray,  internally;  oblong;  rounded; 


connected  by  pairs,  and  separated  by  two  grooves, 
which  divide  them  crucially.  Of  these  tubercles 
—  the  superior  called  Abates,  Na'ttda;,  Tuber'cula 
anterio'ra,  Glu'tia,  are  larger  and  more  promi- 
nent than  the  lower,  called  Testes,  Tuber'cula  pos- 
terio'ra.  The  pineal  gland  corresponds  exactly 
to  the  point  of  intersection  of  the  two  furrows 
that  separate  them. 

QUADRIGEMINUS  PRIMUS  ET  SUPE- 
RIOR, Pyrainidalis — q.  Quartus  quadratus,  Qua- 
dratus femoris — q.  Secundus  et  tertius,  Ischio- 
trocbanterianus. 

Q  UADRIJUMEA  UX  {TUBERCVLES),  ■ 
Quadrigeniina  Tubercula. 

QUADROON,  see  Mulatto— q.  Black,  see  Mu- 
latto. 

QUAF.ADIL,  Melanthium  Yirginicum. 

QUAIIOIL,  Cacao. 

QUAIL,  Tetrao  coturnix. 

QUAMASII,  EASTERN,  SciUa  esculenta. 

QUANDROS.  Ancient  name  for  a  precious 
stone,  believed  to  exist  in  the  brain  of  the  vul- 
ture; and  to  which  was  attributed  the  property 
of  augmenting  the  secretion  of  milk,  and  pre- 
serving from  deadly  accidents.  No  such  stone 
exists. 

QUAR'ANTINE,  Qunr'entine,  Quareiitnine, 
from  d.)  Qiiaraiiti'iia.  itself  from  qiiarnnto,  'forty,' 
(F.)  Qiiai-aiitniiie.  The  time  during  which  tra- 
vellers, returning  from  a  country  where  the  plague 
or  any  other  pestilential  disease  exists,  are  com- 
pelled to  remain  on  board  ship  or  in  a  lazaretto. 
They,  as  well  as  the  ship,  are  said  'to  perform 
quarantine.'  Quarantine  is  sometimes  extended 
beyond  forty  days,  whilst  its  duration  is  fre- 
quently much  less.  It  is  sometimes  enforced  by 
land;  for  example,  when  contagious  diseases  re- 
quire the  estaVilishinont  of  cordons  snnitaires,  and 
when  persons  are  desirous  of  leaving  infected  dis- 
tricts. During  quarantine,  no  communication  is 
allowed  between  the  travellers  and  the  inhabit- 
ants of  the  country.  Quarantine  is  a  great  im- 
pediment to  commerce;  and  is,  doubtless,  very 
frequently  enforced  when  there  is  but  little  dan- 
ger of  contagion.  The  evils,  however,  that  might 
arise  from  the  introduction  of  a  widely-spreading 
contagious  disease,  are  so  disastrous,  as  to  induce 


QUARTAN 


•82 


QUINIA 


legislators  to  maintain  these  laws  in  perhaps  an 
unnecessary  dej;ree  of  rij;our. 

QUARTAN,  from  quaitus,  '  the  fourth.'  Qiiar- 
tn'nn  Febris,  Ax'ctiiii  Quarta'iiiin,  Tctartai'iis, 
Qnnrtan  Aijue,  (F.)  Qitarte.  An  intermittent,  the 
paroxysms  of  which  recur  every  fourth  day, 
leaving  between  them  two  days'  interval.  We 
speali  also  of  the  Quartan  Type.  A  Double  Quar- 
tan, (F.)  Double  quarte,  is  one  in  which  one 
paroxysm  occurs  on  the  third  and  another  on  the 
second  day,  so  that  there  is  only  one  day  of  apy- 
rexia  and  two  of  paroxysms  in  succession;  —  the 
paroxysms  of  every  fourth  day  resembling  each 
other.  A  Triple  Quartan  is  one  in  which  there 
is  a  paroxysm  every  day  ;  and  on  every  three 
days  the  paroxysms  corres])ond.  A  redoub'lhig 
or  repeat'!)!//  quartan,  (F.)  Fievre  quarte  doublee, 
is  one  in  which  there  are  two  paroxysms  every 
fourth  day.     See  Intermittent. 

QUARTANUS  REMITTENS,  Tetartophia. 

QUARTA'RIUS.  An  ancient  measure,  equal 
to  one-fourth  of  the  sextarius.  See  Weights  and 
Measures. 

QUARTE,  Quartan. 

QUARTERON,  see  Mulatto  — q.  Black,  see 
Mulatto. 

QUARTIO,  Astragalus. 

QUARTI-STERNAL,  Qnadristerna'lis.  The 
fourth  osseous  portion  of  the  sternum,  correspond- 
ing to  the  fourth  intercostal  space.  —  Beclard. 

QUASSATIO,  Conquassation. 

QUASSATURA,  Conquassation. 

QUAvS'SIA,  Q.  ama'ra  seu  exccl'sa,  Picra'- 
lia  excel'sa,  F'ebri'/'iir/iim  li(pium,  Quassy,  Lofty 
Jilttericood  Tree,  Bitter-auli,  (F.)  Quaniiie,  JJoia 
anier.  Ocrf.  Simarubaceoe.  A  West  Indiatree,  from 
which  is  obtained  the  Lirjnum  Quansiee,  Quassia 
(Ph.U.  S.)  It  is  an  intensely  durable  bitter,  without 
astringency  :  and  has  been  emph)j'ed  as  a  tonic 
and  stomachic.  It  is  generally  given  in  the  form 
of  infusion.    The  bitter  principle  is  called  Quaxiin. 

Quassia  SimAKOu'ba,  Simarouha,  Simaru'ba, 
S.  officina'llH,  Euon'ynnia,  Bitter  Simaruba,  Moun- 
tain Damnnn.  The  bark  of  the  root,  SImaru'ba, 
(Ph.  U.  S.),  is  bitter,  and  not  unpleasant.  Both 
water  and  alcohol  extract  its  virtues.  It  is  not 
astringent.  It  is  exhibited  wherever  a  simple 
tonic  is  required. 

QUASSIN.  see  Quassia. 

QUATERNIO,  Astragalus. 

QI'ATRE  E PICES,  see  Myrtus  pimenta. 

QUATRIO,  Astragalus. 

QUEASINESS.  Nausea. 

QUEEN  OF  THE  MEADOW,  Spiraa  lobata 
—  q.  of  the  Prairie,  Spirasa  uluiaria. 

QUEEN'S  DELIGHT,  Stillingia  — q.  Root, 
Stillin<;ia. 

QUELLES,  Elixir. 

QVENOUILLE  D'EAU,  Typha  latifolia. 

QUERCERA,  Epialos. 

QUERCINI  IIKRBA,  Lichen  plicatus. 

QUERCULA  MINOR,  Teucrium  chamaedrys. 

QUERCUS  ALBA,  White  Oak;  Quepcus 
RoBUR,  CummoH  Oak;  Q.  TiN'OTo'ria,  Black 
Oak  ;  Q.  RUBRA  MONTA'.VA,  Red  Oak  or  Spanish 
Oak.  Ord.  Cupuliferae.  Sex.  Syst.  Moncecia 
Polyandria;  (F.)  Chene.  The  bark  of  all  these 
varieties  is,  probably,  alike  in  medicinal  proper- 
ties. It  is  powerfully  astringent  and  tonic,  and 
lias  been  used  internally  in  intermittents.and  ex- 
ternally in  decoction,  as  an  astringent  wash,  where 
such  is  indicated. 

Acorns,  Ceces,  Nueeg  QuereCts,  (F.)  Glands, 
■were  at  one  time  much  used  as  food  ;  and  a  de- 
coction of  them  was  once  recomtnended  in  dys- 
entery and  diarrhoea,  in  glandular  obstructions, 
(to.  A  pessary  made  of  them  has  been  advised 
in  immoderate  flow  of  the  menses.  They  are  not 
now  used. 


Qi'KRrus  Infecto'iua.  A  tree  of  Asia  Jlinor, 
which  nll'ords  Turkey  or  Nut  Ualh,  Gallw  Tur'. 
cietp,  sen  Qnerci'ute  seu  Tlucto'rice,  Xux  Gallae, 
Galla  niax'hna  orbicula'ta,  CIcis,  Cassenolis,  Gal- 
la>,  Galls,  Gall-nut,  (F.)  iXoix  de  Gnlle,  Gallc  de 
vhiue.  The  vut.yall— Galla  (Ph.  U.  S.)  — is  a 
morbid  protuberance  or  tubercle,  produced  by 
the  [juncture  of  the  Dijdo'Upis  seu  Gynips  G<illm 
Tin':to'ri(B,  Cynips  Querefts  fulii.  It  is  [lowerfully 
astringent  and  tonic,  and  has  been  employed  in 
diarrhwa,  intestinal  heuKjrrbage,  and  interniit- 
tents  :  but  is  chielly  used,  externally,  in  gargles 
and  injections.  The  jiowder,  made  into  an  oint- 
ment with  lard,  is  used  in  jiiles.  The  ordinary 
nutgalls  of  the  shops  arc  procured  from  the  Le- 
vant. The  large  Mecca  or  Bussorah  ijalls,  at 
times  called  Dead  Sea  apples,  3lad  ajiples  and 
apples  of  Sodom,  arc  produced  on  Quereus  in- 
fectoria. 

There  are  upwards  of  thirty  species  of  oak  in 
the  United  States,  all  of  which  are  probably  uioro 
or  less  astringent  and  tonic. 

QuKRcus  Coccifkra,  see  Kernies  —  q.  Marina, 
Fucus  vesiculosus  —  q.  Suber,  see  Suber. 

QUERQUERA,  Epialos. 

QUEUE  DE  CHEVAL,  Ilippuris  vulgaris 
Cauda  equina,  see  Medulla  spinalis  —  q.  de  la 
J/oelle  epinicre,  Cauda  equina  —  y.  de  Pourceuu, 
Peueedanum  — q.  de  Rat.  Slum  lunare. 

QUICK-IN-TIIE-HAND,  Impatiens. 

QUICKEN  TREE,  Sorbus  acuparia. 

QUICK'ENINGr,  from  Sax.  cj^iccan,  'to  make 
alive.'  The  period  of  gestation  when  the  uioiiou 
of  the  foetus  first  becomes  perce|)tible.  This 
usually  occurs  about  the  eighteenth  week,  and 
was  at  one  time  erroneously  believed  to  mark  the 
time  at  which  the  foetus  becomes  alive — Anima'- 
tio  fii-tiis.  It  need  scarcely  be  said,  that  it  pos- 
sesses the  principle  of  life  from  the  moment  of 
the  union  of  the  materials  furnished  by  the  sexes 
as  a  fecundating  copulation.  When  the  motion 
is  felt,  the  female  is  said  to  bo  'quick  with  child.' 

QUICKENS.  Triticum  repens. 

QUICKLIME,  Calx  viva. 

QUICKSILVER,  Hydrargyrum. 

QUIES,  Acinesia. 

QUINA,  Quinine  —  q.  de  Campo,  Strychnos 
pseudo-china  —  q.  Quina,  Cinchona. 

QUINiE  ACETAS,  SULPHAS,  &c.,  see  Qui- 
nia3  Acetas,  Ac. 

QUINCE,  Scrofula,  see  Pyrus  cydonia — q. 
Tree,  Pyrus  cydonia. 

QUINIA,  Quinine — q.  Acetate  of,  Quiniae  acetns 
— q.  Amorphous,  see  Quinia,  extract  of,  and  Chini- 
oidine — q.  Arseniate  of,  Quiniaa  arsenias — q.  and 
Cinchonia,  tannate  of,  Quinije  et  Cinchoniac  tan- 
nas  —  q.  Arsenite  of,  Quiniae  arsenis  —  q.  Citrate 
of,  Quiniae  citras. 

Quinia,  Extract  of,  Qui' nice  sulphas  impn'rus. 
A  preparation  which  consists  in  evaporating  the 
liquor  poured  oil'  the  crystals  of  sulphate  of  quinia, 
to  the  consistence  of  a  jiilular  mass. 

It  has  the  properties  of  sulphate  of  quinia,  and 
its  active  principle  appears  to  be  amorphous 
quinia  or  chinioidine.  Twenty-four  grains  will 
generally  arrest  ague. 

QuiNTA,  FEfiROCYANATE,  OF,  Quiniae  ferrocyanns 
—  q.  Hydriodate  of,  Quinias  hydriodas  —  q.  Im- 
pure suljihate  of,  Quinia,  extract  of — q.  lodhy- 
drate  of,  Quiniic  hydriodas — q.  Iodide  of,  Quiniic 
hydriodas — q.  Iodide  of  iodhydrate  of,  see  Quiniio 
hydriodas — q.  loduret  of,  Quiniae  hydriodas  —  q. 
and  Iron,  Hydriodate  of,  see  Quinia,  Iodide  of 
Iodhydrate  of — q.  Lactate  of,  Quinia;  lactas — q. 
and  Mercury,  protochloride  of,  Ilydrargyri  ct 
Quiniic  Protochloridum  — q.  Muriate  of,  Quiniae 
murias  — q.  Nitrate  of,  Quiniae  nitras  —  q.  Phos- 
phate of.  Quiniae  phosphas — q.  Sulphate  of,  Qui- 
nine, sulphate  of. 


QUININE    ACETAS 


783 


QUININE 


QIirNIyE  ACK'TAS,  Chi'„i„m  ace'licm,  Ace'- 
(((«  Clii'iiii  sun  U/iiiii'iii  sc'u  C/ii'tiicitH  seu  Qui'vitt 
tea  QitincR  sen  Qnini'iii  sou  Kliii'iii,  Qiihia  nee' - 
licit,  Acetate  nf  Qiii'nia  or  of  Quinine.  Prepared 
liy  flitunUin};  Qiiiniii  with  diluted  acetic  aciil. 
Una  the  properties  of  the  other  salts  of  Quinia. 

QiiiNi/B  Ausen'ias,  Qiiiiii'iicB  seu  Qiii'ucB  Ar- 
ten'luH,  Chiiil'iiiim  Ariieiiico'iiiiii  seu  Arneiilc"ici(m, 
ArHeiii'ile  of  Qniiiia  or  of  Qitina  or  of  Quinine, 
(F.)  Ameiiiate  ile  quinine.  Formed  by  the  union 
of  amenic  acid  and  quinia.  Employed  as  an 
iintiporiodic  in  the  dose  of  from  three  quarters 
of  a  ;;rain  to  a  grain  and  a  half  in  the  twenty- 
four  hours. 

Quinia  Ar'sknis,  Q.  Diar'aenis,  Ar'senite  of 
Qui'uia.  A  salt  resulting  from  the  double  de- 
composition of  arHeninte  of  piitaasa  and  sulphate 
of  quinia.  It  has  been  used  in  chronic  cutaneous 
diseases;  and  as  an  antiperiodic  in  ague,  neu- 
ralgia, &c.  Dose,  one-third  of  a  grain,  three 
times  a  day. 

QuiNlvK  ClTRAS,  QuincB  seu  Chini'ni  citrae, 
CitriiH  chi'uicuH  sen  qui'nicus,  Chi'nium  seu  Chi- 
iii'nitm  Ci'triciim,  Citrate  if  Quinia  of  Quina  or 
of  Quinine.  Formed  from  the  union  of  citric 
acid  and  quinia.  It  has  the  same  properties  as 
the  sulphate. 

Quinia  kt  Cincho'ni^,  Tannas,  Chini'num  seu 
Clii'ninm  tan'niciim,  Tannate  of  Quinia  and  Cin- 
cliii'nia.  This  salt  has  the  same  properties  as  the 
salts  of  quinia  in  general. 

QriNi/E  DiAitSENis,  Quiniae  Arsenis. 

QlMNlyE  Feriiocy'anas,  Chi'nium  ferrocyano- 
genn'tum  seu  ferrohijdrocyan'icum,  Fen-oci/'anate 
or  hydrocyanoferrate  of  Quinia  or  of  Quinine. 
This  salt  is  obtained  by  the  decomposition  of  sul- 
phate of  quinia  by  means  of  a  solution  of /crco- 
ci/anuret  of  potanHium.  It  has  all  the  properties 
(if  sulphate  of  quinia,  and,  according  to  some,  in 
a  superior  degree. 

Qin.vivE  Ilynin'onAS,  Chini'num  hydriod'icnm, 
Ilyilriodate  or  lodhydrate  of  Quinia  ;  called,  also, 
hidnre^lum  seu  Ind'idum  Qui'nicB,  loil'uret  or 
J'ndlde  of  Qui'nia,  (F.)  Hi/driodate  ou  lodhydrate 
ou  lodure  de  Quinine.  This  is  formed  by  precipi- 
tating Kulphate  of  quinia  by  means  of  iodide  of 
potanHium.  Given  in  scrofulous  affections:  half 
a  grain  to  a  grain,  three  times  a  day,  to  a  child. 

An  iodide  and  a  biniodide  have  been  formed; 
the  latter  made  by  mixing  double  the  quantity 
of  the  iodide  of  potassium  with  the  sulphate  of 
quinia. 

An  loniDE  OF  ToniiY'nRATE  of  Qiti'nia,  (F.) 
lodure  d' lodhydrate  de  Quinine,  is  prepared  by 
pouring  into  an  acid  solution  of  quinia  a  solution 
of  iodide  of  iron,  containing  a  slight  excess  of 
iodine.  The  precipitate  is  treated  with  boiling 
alcohol :  the  liquor  filtered,  and  crystals  suffered 
to  form.  The  salt  possesses  all  the  properties  of 
the  other  salts  of  quinia.  Under  the  name,  Jfy- 
drinilate  of  iron  and  Quinia,  a  preparation  has 
been  introduced  by  Mr.  Battloy.  It  is  possessed 
of  tonic  and  antiperi'odic  virtues. 

Quixi.t;  loniDUM,  Quiniae  hydriodas  —  q.  lodu- 
rctuiB..  Quiniic  hydriodas. 

QlMNl.t;  Lactas,  Quina:  lactam,  Chini'iium  Inc'- 
ticuin.  Lactate  of  Qui'nia  or  of  Quinine,  (F.) 
Lactate  de  quinine.  Made  by  the  action  of  lactic 
acid  on  quinia.  Used  in  the  same  cases  as  the 
other  salts  of  quinia. 

Qi'i'ni.B  Mii'riaS,  Chi'nium  murint'icum  sen 
fiili'tuni  seu  hydrochlo'ricuin,  Jifu'rlai  chl'nicns, 
Muriate  (f  Quinia  or  of  Quinine.  May  be  pre- 
pared bj'  dissolving  quinia  in  dilute  muriatic  acid. 
(iivcn  as  an  antiperiodic.  Dose,  half  a  grain  to 
A  <;rain. 

QciNI.fi  Nitras,  Chi'nium  seu  Chini'num  ni'- 
tricum,  yitrate  of  Quinia  or  of  Quinine,  (F.) 
titrate  ou  Azotate  de  quinine.     Mny  be  formed 


by  the  addition  of  nitric  acid  to  quinia.  Its  pro- 
perties are  those  of  the  sulphate  of  quinia. 

QtJlXl.*:  PnoSPllAS,  Chi'nium  seu  Chini'nuni 
phoxphor'icum,  J'hosphale  of  Quinia  or  of  Qui- 
nine :  may  be  prepared  l)y  the  addition  of  dilute 
phoHphoric  acid  to  quinia.  It  is  thought  by  many 
to  be  next  to  the  sulphate  of  quinia  in  its  remediaJ 
powers. 

QtJi.Ni^  Sulphas,  Quinine,  sulphate  of. 

QuiNi.15  Valeria'nas,  Chini'num  seu  Chi'nium 
Valerian'icum,  Valerianate  of  Quinia,  of  Quina, 
or  of  Quinine;  may  be  foriued  by  the  union  of 
valerianic  acid  with  quinia.  It  has  the  proper- 
ties of  the  salts  of  quinia. 

QUI'NICINE,  Qninici'na,  Quinic"ia.  AVhen 
a  salt  of  quinia  is  espo.«ed  to  heat  with  certain 
precautions,  the  alkaloid  is  changed  into  another 
isomeric  with  it,  to  which  this  name  has  been 
given. 

Quinicine,  and  its  sulphate,  possess  the  same 
medical  properties  as  quinia  and  its  salts.  Dose, 
gr.  V  to  gr.  XV. 

QUINID'IA.  Quinidi'na,  Qni'nidine,  Chi'ni- 
dine,  Cin'chotin.  An  alkaloid  of  the  cinchonas 
— of  many  of  the  genuine  at  least — obtained  from 
them  by  the  same  process  as  that  bj'  which  quinia 
is  obtained  from  the  barks  that  yield  it.  Its  sul- 
phate is  more  soluble  however  than  the  sulphate 
of  (|uinia,  and  it  is  left,  therefore,  in  the  mother 
waters. 

The  salts  of  quinidia  are  markedly  antiperiodic. 
From  gr.  x  to  gr.  xxx  will  usually  arrest  a  pa- 
roxysm. 

QUININE,  Qui'nia,  Quina,  Kini'nvm,  Ki'ni- 
vm,  Sal  essentia'le  cor'ticis  Peruvia'ni,  Chini'nuni, 
Quinina.  An  alkaline,  uncrystallizable  sub- 
stance ;  under  the  form  of  a  porous,  whitish  mass  ; 
almost  insoluble  in  water,  soluble  in  alcohol  and 
ether.  It  forms,  with  acids,  salts  that  are  in  gen- 
eral soluble.  It  is  obtained  from  different  cin- 
chonas, but  chiefly  from  the  yellow,  and  is  the 
active  principle  of  those  valuable  drugs. 

QtiiNiNR,  Acetate  of,  Quiniae  acetas  —  q.  Ar- 
seniate  of,  Quiniae  arsenias — q.  Arsenite  of.  Qui- 
nine arsenis  —  q.  Azotate  of,  Quiniae  nitras  —  q. 
Citrate  of,  Quiniae  eitras  —  q.  Ferrocyanate  of, 
Quiniaj  ferrocyanas  —  q.  Hydriodate  de,  Quiniio 
hydriodas  —  q.  lodhydrate  de,  Quinise  hydriodas 
—  q.  Iodide  of,  Quiniaj  hydriodas  —  q.  lodure  de, 
Quinias  hydriodas  —  q.  lodure  d'iodhydrate  de, 
Quinia,  iodide  of  lodhydrate  of — q.  Lactate  of, 
Quiniae  lactas — q.  Muriate  of,  Quiniae  murias — q. 
Nitrate  of,  Quiniae  nitras — q.  Phosphate  of,  Qui- 
niae phosphas. 

Quinine,  Quina  or  Quinia,  Sulphate  of,  Qui- 
nia seu  Qui'ncp.  seu  Quini'nce  Sulphas,  Quince 
Disul'phas,  Chi'nium  sen  Chini'num  Siiljihu'ii- 
cum,  (F.)  Sulfate  de  Quinine  —  the  salt  usually 
employed  in  medicine — occurs  in  needles  of  a 
pearly  and  satiny  appearance.  It  is  employed 
with  great  success  in  the  treatment  of  intermit- 
tents  :  and  is  available  in  many  cases,  where  the 
bark  in  substance  could  not  be  retained,  or  would 
be  injurious.  Dose,  as  a  tonic  from  'i  to  10  grains 
in  the  24  hours.  As  an  antiperiodic  it  may  bo 
carried  much  farther.  Its  action,  in  a  large  dose, 
is  decidedly  sedative.  It  is  obtained,  by  treating 
the  yellow  bark  with  sulphuric  acid.  The  follow- 
ing form  is  adopted  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States, —  Cinchon. flav.  in  pulv.  crass.  tt)iv; 
Acid,  muriat.  f.^ii.i  :  Calcis,  in  pulv.  ^v  ;  Aquee, 
Cong,  v:  Acid.  Sulphur.,  Alcohol;  Carlmn.  ani- 
mal, aa  q.  s.  Boil  the  bark  in  one-third  of  the 
water  mixed  with  one-third  of  the  muriatic 
acid,  and  strain  through  linen.  Boil  the  residue 
twice  successively  with  the  same  quantity  of  acid 
and  water  as  before,  and  strain.  Mix  the  decoc- 
tions, and,  while  the  liquor  is  hot,  gradually  add 
the  liine,  previously  mixed  with    two    pints   of 


QUININISM 


BACIIIDIAN 


water,  stirring  constantly,  until  the  quinia  is  com- 
pletely precipitated.  Wash  the  precipitate  with 
distilled  water,  and  having  pressed  and  dried  it, 
digest  it  in  hoiling  alcohol.  Pour  otf  the  liquor 
and  repeat  the  digestion  several  times,  until  the 
alcohol  is  no  longer  rendered  bitter.  Mix  the 
liquors,  and  distil  oif  the  alcohol,  until  a  brown 
viscid  mass  remains.  Upon  this  substance,  re- 
moved from  the  vessel,  pour  about  half  a  gallon 
of  distilled  water,  and  having  heated  the  mixture 
to  the  boiling  point,  add  as  much  sulphuric  acid 
as  may  be  necessary  to  dissolve  the  impure  alkali. 
Then  add  an  ounce  and  a  half  of  animal  charcoal ; 
boil  for  two  minutes  ;  filter  the  liquor  while  hot, 
and  set  it  aside  to  crystallize.  Should  the  liquor, 
before  filtration,  be  entirely  neutral,  acidulate  it 
very  slightly  with  sulphuric  acid.  Should  it,  on 
the  contrary,  change  the  colour  of  litmus  paper 
to  a  bright  red,  adil  more  animal  charcoal.  Sep- 
arate the  crystals  from  the  liquor,  dissolve  them 
in  boiling  water  slightly  acidulated  with  sulphu- 
ric acid,  add  a  little  animal  charcoal,  filter  and 
set  aside  to  crystallize.  Wrap  the  crystals  in 
bibulous  paper,  and  dry  with  a  gentle  heat.  The 
mother-waters  maybe  made  to  yield  an  additional 
quantity  of  sulphate  of  quinia  by  precipitating 
the  quinia  with  solution  of  ammonia,  and  treating 
the  precipitated  alkali  with  water,  sulphuric  acid, 
and  animal  charcoal,  as  before. 

QuiNiNK,  Tankate  of.  Quinine  et  cinehoniae 
tannas  —  q.  Valerianate  of,  Quinise  valerianas. 

QUI'NINISM,  Qiiiiiiiiis'miis,  Quinism,  Ciii'- 
chotiiDtii,  (F. )  Inebyiiition  ou  Irresee  qniniqiie.  The 
aggregate  of  encephalic  or  neuropathic  pheno- 
mena induced  by  over-doses  of  quinia. 

QUINOIDINE,  Chinioidine. 

QUINQUEFOLIUM,  Potentilla  reptans  — 
Quinqnefolium  inajus,  Potentilla  reptans. 

QUINQUINA,  Cinchona — q.  Aromatique,  Cro- 
ton  cascarilla  —  q.  Eieolor,  Cinchonae  Carihaeae 
cortex  —  q.  Faux  ile  Vivijinie,  Cusparia  febrifuga 
— q.  Gria  de  Loxa,  Cinchonae  lancifoliae  cortex 


q.Jrtuiie,  Cinchonm  cordifidia' cortex — q.  Ornvfje, 
CinchonsB  lancifoliic  cortex — q.  Pitoii,  Ciiichonio 
CaribiviD  cortex — q.  liouye,  Cinchunte  oblongifu- 
liie  cortex. 

QUINQUINO,  Myroxylon  peruiferum. 

QUINSY,Cynanche,  C.  tonsillaris — q.  Nervous, 
Angone  —  q.  Wolf,  Lycanehe. 

QUINTAN,  Febrin  quintit'na  seu  pemplw' a  seu 
qniuld  ;  from  quintim,  'a  fifth.'  A  fever  whoso 
paroxysms  return  only  every  five  days  inclu- 
sively ;  and  between  which  there  are,  conse- 
quently, three  days  of  apyrexia. 

QUINTE,  (F.)  This  word  is  used  synony- 
mously with  paro.rysm  or  Jit,  when  speaking  of 
cough, — as  line  Quiute  de  Toujc — *a  fit  of  cough- 
ing,' (Sc.)  Kink.     Also,  the  influenza. 

QUINTEFEUILLE,  Potentilla  reptans. 

QUINTERON,  see  Mulatto  — q.  black,  see 
Mulatto. 

QU/NTES,  see  Qninte,  and  Pertussis. 

QUINTES'SENCE,  Quiitta  Fsacn'tia.  A  name 
formerly  given  to  alcohol,  impregnated  with  the 
principles  of  some  drug.  It  was,  consequently, 
often  synonymous  with  Ahohol'ic  tincture.  Tlie 
most  volatile  principles  of  bodies  were,  also, 
called  Quintea'aencea, 

QUINTISTERN'AL.  The  fifth  osseous  por- 
tion of  the  sternum.  It  corresponds  to  the  5th 
and  6th  intercostal  spaces. 

QUINUA,  Chenopodium  quinoa. 

QUOTID'IAN,  Qnotidia'nua,  Ephe'merua,  (F.) 
Quotidien  —  itself  from  quotidif,  'daily.'  That 
which  takes  place  every  day. 

Quotid'ian  Fbvkr,  Q.  ngne,  Fehria  quotidia'nn 
seu  hemere'aia  seu  heme'rina  seu  ephe'inern  seu 
nietlicine'riiKi  seu  methctne'ria,Aii'etuaqu<ilidi<i'ntia, 
Ciithe'merua,  Ciithemer'inua,  Methemer' inoa,  Ani- 
phemer'inoa,  Amphimer'inua,  Amphe'merna,  Qno- 
tidid'nua,  (F.)  Fievre  quotidienne,  is  an  intermit- 
tent, the  paroxysms  of  which  recur  every  day. 

A  simple,  double,  or  triple  quotidian,  is  a  quo- 
tidian, which  has  one,  two,  or  three  paroxysms  in 
the  24  hours. 


E. 


R  or  R  is  placed  at  the  commencement  of  a 
prescription,  as  a  contraction  of  Jicc"ipe.  (See 
Abbreviation.)  Originally,  it  was  the  sign  %  of 
Jupiter,  and  was  placed  at  the  top  of  a  formula, 
to  propitiate  the  king  of  the  gods,  that  the  com- 
pound might  act  favorablv. 

RABDOIDES,  (SUTURA.)  Sagittal  suture. 

RABID,  Uitb'idns,  (F.)  Rabique,  Rabieiqne, 
from  rnbiea,  (rabo,  '  I  am  mad  or  furious,') 
'  canine  madness.'  That  which  belongs  to  hy- 
drophobia: as  rabid  virus,  &c.  Rabid  also  means 
affected  with  hydrophobia,  (F.)  Enragi. 

R  ABIE  [QUE.  Rabid. 

RABIES  CANINA,  Hydrophobia. 

RABIQUE,  Rabid. 

RACAHOUT,  Am'yhim  quer'neum.  A  name 
given  by  the  Arabs  to  the  starch  prepared  from 
an  edible  acorn  obtained  from  Qnercna  Ilex,  but, 
according  to  Plagge,  the  so  called  Racnhout  of 
the  Arabs,  sold  in  Paris,  is  a  compound  of 
potatoe  starch,  chocolate,  and  aromatics,  —  as 
vanilla. 

RACCOON  BERRY,  Podophyllum  montanum. 

RACE,  from  radice,  abl.  of  radix,  '  root,'  breed. 
The  union  or  aggregate  of  individuals  whose  con- 


formation or  particular  condition  differs  percep- 
tibly from  those  of  neighbouring  varieties.  In 
the  human  species,  several  races  are  designated. 
See  Homo. 

RACEMEUX,  Racemosus. 

RACEMO'SUS,  Rnc"emous,  Rnc"emoae,  (F.) 
Racemeux.     In  clusters,  like  grapes. 

RAC'EMUS.     A  cluster  — as  of  grapes. 

RACHAMEL'CA,  from  Ilebr.  Dm  (rechem), 
'the  womb,'  and  "170  {molech),  '  a  king:'  Rechn- 
mal'ca.  A  peculiar  formative  principle,  supposed, 
by  Dolaeus,  to  exist  in  the  uterus. 

RACHE,  Porrigo. 

RACHI^.I,  Rhachitae. 

RACHIALGIA,  Colic,  metallic,  Rhachindynia, 
Vertebral  disease — r.  Mesenterica,  Tabes  mesen- 
terica — r.  Pictoniensium,  Colic,  metallic — r.  Pic- 
tonum.  Colic,  metallic. 

RACHIALGIE  MESENTMRIQUE,  Tabes 
mesenterica. 

RACHIALGITIS,  Rhachialgitis. 

RACHIDIAN,  Spinal.— r.  Arteries,  Spinal  ar- 
teries— r.  Bulb,  see  Medulla  oblongata — r.  Canal, 
Vertebral  canal. 


RACIIIDIEN  7  85 


RADIALIS 


RAniTWJEN.  Spinal. 

RACIIIOPHYMA,  Rachiphyina. 

RACHIPIIY'MA,  lihiidiiphij'vm,  Rachiophy- 
tnn,  Tumor  jDomi,  from  'pa^i(,  'the  spine,'  and 
^u/iiz,  '  a  tumour.'  A  tumour  on  the  spine  or  on 
the  back. 

RACHIS,  Vertebral  column. 

KACIIIS'AGRA,  Jihachia'affra,  Rhach'ingrn, 
Rhuch'e.ngra,  Rknchid'arjrn,  Rhnchi'tin  epiua'lis, 
from  'pa^Li,  'the  spine,'  and  aypa,  'a  seizure.'  A 
gouty  or  rheumatic  aBection  ot  the  spine. 

RACniT^,  RhachitfB. 

RACHIT'lC,  Rachit'icm,  Rhnchit'icm,  (F.) 
Rachitiqite.  Same  etymon  as  the  next.  Re- 
lating or  appertaining  to,  or  affected  with  rickets. 
Weak,  feeble  in  the  joints;  defective  in  develop- 
ment. 

RACHI'TIS,  Rhachi'tit,  from  'payii,  'the 
spine,'  and  itis,  a  suffix  denoting  inflammation. 
Inflammation  of  the  spine.  Also,  Ci/rto'sis  Ra'- 
chia,  Cy Hon' 08118,  Morhns  Anrj'licus,  O^teoniula'cia 
hftiu'titm,  Tabex  pectur'ea  ;  Jiiinitritio  ossiiim,  Spi- 
na nodo'vn,  Rach  ilis'niug,  Eiirjlisk  diaease, Rickets  ; 
from  'pay^n,  'the  spine,'  (P.)  Rackifisme,  Noxnire. 
A  disease  characterized  by  crookeiiness  of  the 
long  bones;  swelling  of  their  extremities  ;  crooked 
spine;  prominent  abdomen  ;  large  head;  and  often 
precocity  of  intellect.  It  is  accompanied  by  lean- 
ness, general  debility,  indigestion  ;  and  frequently 
induces  atrophy  and  hectic.  Rickets  occurs,  par- 
ticularly, during  the  first  years  of  existence,  in 
weakly  children,  born  of  rickety  or  scrofulous 
parents;  brought  up  in  damp  or  confined  situa- 
tions; who  are  badly  nourished,  and  do  not  take 
suflieient  exercise.  The  progress  and  termination 
of  the  disease  are  very  variable.  Some  children 
gradually  recover  their  health  :  others  become 
more  and  more  deformed,  and  ultimately  die  of 
consumption,  dropsy,  or  other  organic  disease. 
The  treatment  is  almost  wholly  hi/yietiic.  Pure 
air;  a  healthy  situation ;  nourishing  diet;  exer- 
cise; sea  or  common  cold  bathing,  and  tonics, 
afford  the  best  prospect  of  success. 

Rachitis  Adi'i.toiuim,  Mollities  ossium. 

RACHfTISME,  Rachitis. 

RACHlTOilE,  from  pa-xig,  'spine,' and  tchvciv, 
'to  cut.'  An  anatomical  instrument  for  opening 
the  medullae  spinalis  without  injuring  the  me- 
dulla. 

RACHO'SIS,  Rhacho'sis,  RaJco'sis,  from  'paxo(o, 
or  'paKOii),  'I  wrinkle.'  A  relaxation  of  the  scro- 
tum. Propto'ma  sen  lax' itas  Scroti,  Scrotum 
pen'dulum.  An  excoriation  of  the  relaxed  scro- 
tum. 

RACINE  A  BECQUET,  Geranium  moscha- 
tnm — r.  de  Bengal,  Cassumuniar — r.  Bresilieiiiie, 
Ipecacuanha  —  r.  de  Charcia,  Dorstenia  contra- 
yerva — r.  de  Chine,  Sinilax  china — r.  de  Draike, 
Dorstenia  contrayerva  —  r.  des  Pliilippiuea,  Dor- 
stenia contrayerva — r.  de  Safran,  Curcuma  longa 
— r.  de  Saint  Eaprit,  Angelica — )•.  Salivaire,  An- 
themis  pyrethrum  —  r.  de  Turheth,  Convolvulus 
turpethum. 

RAGINES  DU  CERVELET,  Corpora  resti- 
formia. 

RACLVRES  DES  BOYAUX,  Ramenta  in- 
testinorura. 

RACORNISSEMENT  (P.),  from  racomir, 
{cornu,  '  horn,')  '  to  make  hard  as  horn.'  Cor'- 
nijication.  A  physical  property,  possessed  by 
animal  substances,  which  consists  in  a  kind  of 
contractility,  accompanied  with  sudden  corruga- 
tion and  curling.  It  is  produced  by  heat,  and  by 
chemical  agents,  especially  by  the  strong  mineral 
acids. 

RADCLIFFE'S  ELIXIR,  see  Tinctura  aloes 
Composita. 
RADESYGE,  Radzyge. 
RADEZYGE,  Radzyge. 
60 


RADIAD,  see  Radial  aspect. 

RA'DIAL,  Radia'lia,  from  radius,  'a  bone  of 
the  forearm.'     That  which  relates  to  the  radius. 

RADIAL  ANTERIEUR,  Palmaris  magnus. 

Radial  Artery,  A.  extem'a  Cu'biti.  Itarises 
from  the  brachial,  at  the  upper  and  anterior  part 
of  the  forearm:  descends  on  the  outer  side  as  far 
as  the  lower  part  of  the  radius,  and  proceeds 
downwards  and  backwards  towards  the  superior 
extremity  of  the  space  which  separates  the  first 
two  metacarpal  bones.  It  then  buries  itself  in 
the  palm  of  the  hand,  where  it  forms  the  pro- 
found or  radial  palmar  arch.  The  radial  artery 
gives  off  the  recurrent  radial,  several  radio-wns- 
cular  branches,  the  transverse  palmar  radio-carpal 
artery,  the  external  superficial  artery  of  the  palm 
of  the  hand,  the  external  dorsal  of  the  thumb,  the 
dorsalia  carpi,  dorsal  interosseous  artery  of  the 
index,  <fec. 

Radial  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the  side 
on  which  the  radius  is  situated.  —  Barclay.  Rn- 
diad  is  used  by  the  same  writer,  adverbially,  to 
signify  'towards  the  radial  aspect.' 

RADIAL  EXTERNE  PREMIER,  see  Rn- 
dialis — r.  Externe  second,  see  Radialis — r.  Grand, 
see  Radialis. 

Radial  Nerve,  Radio-digital  (Ch.),  Spiral 
Nerve,  Spiral  muscular  N.,  Muscnlo-spiral  nerre, 
arises  from  the  four  inferior  branches  of  the  bra- 
chial plexus.  It  is,  at  first,  situate  behind  the 
other  nerves  of  the  plexus.  It  then  becomes  en- 
gaged between  the  three  portions  of  the  triceps 
brachialis,  passes  behind  the  humerus,  and  de- 
scends between  the  supinator  longus  and  bra- 
chialis internus,  as  far  as  opposite  the  upper  ex- 
tremity of  the  radius.  In  its  course  it  gives  nu- 
merous filaments  to  the  triceps,  supinator  longus, 
extensor  carpi  radialis  longior,  and  to  the  inte- 
guinents.  Opposite  the  upper  extremity  of  the 
radius  it  divides  into  two  branches;  —  the  one 
posterior,  which  turns  backwards  into  the  sub- 
stance of  the  supinator  brevis,  and  when  it  has 
reached  the  space  between  the  two  layers  of 
muscles  on  the  posterior  surface  of  the  forearm, 
divides  into  a  great  number  of  filaments,  which 
are  distributed  to  those  muscles,  and  to  the  inte- 
guments of  the  hand.  The  other  branch  is  ante- 
rior :  it  descends  before  the  supinator  brevis  and 
the  radius;  until,  near  the  inferior  third  of  that 
bone,  it  engages  itself  between  the  tendons  of  tlie 
supinator  longus  and  extensor  carpi  radialis  lon- 
gior; and,  becoming  afterwards  subcutaneous, 
divides  into  two  branches,  whose  filaments  are 
distributed  to  the  integuments  of  the  thumb, 
index,  middle  finger,  to  the  outside  of  the  ring 
finger,  and  to  the  first  interosseous  muscle  of  the 
back  of  the  hand. 

RADIAL  PETIT,  see  Radialis. 

Radial  Veins,  Deep-Seated,  follow  the  same 
course  as  the  radial  artery. 

RADIA'LIS  EXTER'NUS  BRE'VIOR,  Ex- 
ten'sor  Carpi  Radialis  Bre'vior,  Radialis  secun- 
dus,  (F.)  Second  radial  externe.  Petit  radial, 
Epicoiidi/lo-sus-metacarpien,  (Ch.)  An  extensor 
muscle  of  the  wrist,  situate  beneath  the  extensor 
carpi  radialis  longior.  It  is  attached,  above,  to 
the  external  tuberosity  of  the  humerus,  and  ter- 
minates below,  by  a  long  tendon,  inserted  into 
the  posterior  part  of  the  upper  extremity  of  the 
third  bone  of  the  metacarpus.  It  has  the  same 
uses  iis  the  next  muscle. 

RaDIA'lIS  Extkr'nuS  Lox'GIOR.  Extensor 
Carpi  Radin'lis  Lon'gior,  Radialis  exterutis  pri- 
mus, (F.)  Premier  radial  externe.  Grand  radial, 
Humero  sns-m^tacnrpien,  (Ch.)  It  is  seated  at 
the  outer  part  of  the  forearm;  is  thin,  but  thicker 
on  the  outside  than  on  the  inside.  It  is  attached, 
above,  to  the  inferior  part  of  the  outer  edge,  and 


RADIATED 


'86 


RAIDEUR 


tf>  the  corresponding  tuberosity,  of  the  humerus  ; 
and  terininnles,  below,  by  a  long  tendon,  whieh 
\t  att.iched  to  the  superior  extremity  of  the  second 
bone  of  the  metacarpus.  It  extends  the  hand  on 
the  forearm. 

Radialis  Externus  Primus,  R.  Externus 
longior  —  r.  Extensor  longior,  R.  Externus  lon- 
pior — r.  Internus,  Palmaris  magnus — r.  Secuudus, 
R.  Externus  longior. 

RAD'IATED,  Rndla'tus,  from  radius,  'a  ray  ;' 
(F.)  liiii/iiiDie.  That  which  is  arranged  in  rays; 
in  lines,  diverging  from  a  common  centre.  An 
epithet  given  to  several  ligaments,  Ac;  as  to 
tliose  which  unite  the  ribs  to  the  sternum  ;  those 
which  unite  the  tibia  and  fibula  at  their  inferior 
extremity,  &c. 

Radiated  Substance  of  the  Kidney,  see 
Kiilney. 

RAD'ICAL,  Rndica'lis,  from  radi'.r,  radieix, 
'a  root.'  A  radical  cure,  cura  radica'lis,  is  one 
in  which  the  disease  is  destroyed,  as  it  were,  from 
the  root.  It  is  used  in  opposition  to  ^jaiiiati'ue 
cure. 

Radical  Moisture,  Humidura  radicale. 
Radical  Vessels,    Vai'culur   Rad'iclen,  (F.) 
Radicnles  vnaculairen,  are  the  small  vessels  that 
take   their  origin   in    the    tissues,  and   by   their 
union  form  larger  vessels. 

RADICES  OSSIS  HYOIDEI,  Cornua  ossis 
hyoidei. 

RADICIS'ECA,  from  radix,  radicis,  'a  root,' 
and  eecare,  'to  cut.'     One  employed  in  collecting 
and  preparing  plants  was  formerly  so  called. 
RADICULA,  Raphanus  hortensis. 
RADI GULES  VASOULAIRES,  Radical  ves- 
sels. 

RADII  CILIARES,  Ciliary  processes. 
Radii  Frontis.     The  folds  or  wrinkles  of  the 
forehead. 

RA'DIO,  from  radius.  In  composition,  re- 
lating or  belonging  to  the  radius,  a  bone  of  the 
forearm. 

Radio-Carpal,  Radio-earpia' nus.  That  which 
relates  to  the  radius  and  carpus. 

Radio-Carpal  Articulation  is  the  ivriitjnint, 
or  articulation  of  the  os  scaphoides,  os  semiluiiare, 
and  OS  cuneifornie  of  the  carpus  with  the  inferior 
surface  of  the  radius,  and  the  fibro-cartilage,  situ- 
ate below  the  ulna.  It  is  strengthened  by  lateral, 
anterior,  and  posterior  ligaments. 

Radio-Carpal  Transverse  Palmar  Artery, 
(F.)  Artere  Radio-  carpieuiie  -traiisversale-pal- 
maire.  A  transverse  branch,  given  off  by  the 
radial  artery,  opposite  the  lower  edge  of  the  pro- 
nator quadratus,  which  sends  several  branches  to 
the  anterior  or  palmar  surface  of  the  carpus. 

RADIO  CUTANE  (NERF,)  see  Cutaneous— 
r.  Phalangettien  da  pouce,  Flexor  longus  pollicis 
manus. 

RADIOLUS,  Sound. 

RADIO-MUS'CULAR,  Radio-muncnla'ris.  A 
name  given  to  the  branches  sent  off  from  the  ra- 
dial artery  to  the  muscles  of  the  forearm  in  the 
first  part  of  its  course ;  as  well  as  to  the  nervous 
filaments  which  the  radial  nerve  sends  to  the 
same  muscles. 

R.AUIS,  Raphanus  hortensis  —  r.  de  Cheval, 
Cochlearia  armoracia. 

RADISH,  Raphanus  hortensis — r.  Water,  Nas- 
turtium amphibium. 

RADIUS,  '  a  spoke  :' — so  called  from  its  shape. 
Cercin,  Fiic"l/e  ininnn  sen  nuperiui,  Canua  ■minor, 
Os  ad  cnbila'le,  Addilatiieii'luni  ulncB,  Manu'briiim 
timinin,  Parnpe'chynn,  Arun'dn  bra'chii  minor, 
(F.)  Os  du  Rat/on.  A  long,  prismatic  bone,  the 
upper  and  lesser  extrertiity  of  which  is  called  the 
head.  This  is  supported  by  a  cervix  or  nerk. 
At  the  part  where  the  neck  is  confounded  with 
the  body  of  the  bone  is  the  tubercle  or  bicipital 


tuberositi/  or  eminence  for  the  insertion  of  the 
biceps.  The  radius  is  articulated,  above,  willi 
the  OS  humeri  and  with  the  lesser  sigmoid  eavily 
of  the  ulna  :  below,  with  the  seaphoi<les,  seinilu- 
nare,  and  the  head  of  the  ulna.  Its  inferior  ex- 
tremity, which  is  larger  than  the  superior,  is  flat- 
tened before  and  behind:  is  irregularly  (juadri- 
lateral  ;  and  has,  below,  a  double  facette  to  be 
articulated  with  the  first  two  bones  of  the  carpus. 
On  the  outer  side  is  the  styloid  process ;  and,  on 
the  inner,  a  concave  facette,  which  joins  the  ulna. 
Behind,  are  grooves  for  the  passage  of  the  exten- 
sor tendons.  The  radius  is  developed  from  thno 
points  of  ossification  ;  one  for  the  body,  and  one 
for  each  extremity. 

RADIUS,  COL  DU,  Collum  radii. 
RA'DIX,  genitive,   radicis,    Rhiza.     A   root: 
also,  the  male  organ. 

Radix,  Rout  ur/any  of  a  tooth,  is  the  part  con- 
tained in  the  alveolus.  The  radijc  or  root  of  the 
nail  is  the  portion  hidden  under  the  skin,  Ac. 
Surgeons  give  the  name  to  prolongations,  sent  by 
scirrhous,  cancerous,  or  other  tumours  into  the 
neighbouring  parts. 

Five  Aperient  Roots,  Quinque  radi'ces  ape- 
rien'tes,  were,  of  old,  asparagus,  butchers'  broom, 
fennel,  parsley,  and  smallage. 

Five  Lesser  Aperient  Roots,  Quinque  rndi'cet 
aperien' tes  mino'res,  were  caper,  dandelion, 
eryngo,  madder,  and  rest-harrow. 

Radix  Asclepiadis  Crispa,  see  Gomphocar- 
pus  crispus  —  r.  Braziliensis,  Ipecacuanha. 

Radix  Cordis,  Rasis  Cordis.  The  base  of  the 
heart. 

Radix  Ginseno,  see  Panax  quinquefolium  —  r. 
Indiea  Lopeziana,  Lopez  radix  —  r.  Linguae,  see 
Tongue  —  r.  Lopeziana,  Lopez  radix  —  r.  Ninsi, 
Panax  schinseng.  Slum  ninsi — r.  Rubra,  Rubia— 
r.  Serpentum,  see  Ophiorrhiza  inungos  —  r.  Un- 
guis, Nail,  root  of — r.  Ventris,  Umbilicus. 
RADULA,  Raspatorium. 

RADZYGE,  Radzyr/in,  Radesi/r/e,  Radezyge, 
ThcE'ria,  (properly  Theria,  from  dnpiov,  ('tXifOf,) 
'a  malignant  ulcer.')  Lepra  borea'lis  iteu  Nor- 
rey"ica,  Norwe'gian  Lep'rosy.  A  name  given,  in 
Norway,  to  a  disease,  bearing  considerable  ana- 
logy to  the  yaws.  Some  have  esteemed  it  a  spe- 
cies of  lepra  or  elephantiasis. 

Another  form  —  the  Spcdahlce,  or  Spedahlched 
—  of  Norway,  appears  to  be  a  variety  of  tuber- 
cular lepra.  Under  the  epithelial  scales,  numerous 
acari  have  been  found  ;  and  the  affection  has  been 
called  Sca'bies  crusto'sa,  and  Sca'bies  Norveg"ica 
Doeck'ii,  after  Boeck,  who  well  described  a  case 
of  it. 

RAFFLE'SIA  ARNOLD'L    A  plant  of  Java. 
Order,  RafBesiaceae,  a  decoction  of  which  is  em- 
ployed  there  as  an   astringent  in  relaxed  con- 
ditions of  the  genito-urinary  apparatus. 
RA FRA ICHISSANT,  Refrigerant. 
RAGR,   fra.  Furor  brevis,    Orge,  Tliymns,  (F.) 
Colere,  Rage.     Violent  passion,  characterized  by 
contraction  of  the  muscles  of  the  face,  violence  in 
every  movement,  extreme  irritation  of  the  ner- 
vous system,  acceleration  of  the  blood's  motion, 
and,  generally,  redness  and  swelling  of  the  face. 
Rage.  Rhage. 

RAGE,  Hydrophobia,  Rage. 
RAGE   DE   TKTE.     An  epidemic  and  fatal 
malady,  which  prevailed  in  France  in  1481.     It 
was  presumed  to  be  epidemic  meningitis. 

RAGWEED,    Ambrosia    elatior  — r.    Golden, 
Senecio  aureus  —  r.  Great,  Ambrosia  trifida. 
RAGWORT,  Senecio  Jacobaea. 
RATA  BATIS,  and  R.  CLAVATA,  see  Oleum 
jecoris  asclli. 

RATDEUR,  Rigidity  — r.  Cadavirique,  Rigor 
mortis. 


RAIFORT 


787 


RANDIA 


RAIFORT,  Raphanus  hortcnsis  —  r.  Sauvage, 
Cochlearia  ariiioracia. 
RAINBOW  WORM,  Herpes  iris. 
RAINURE,  Groove  —  r.  Uiyuslriqiie,  Mastoid 
groove. 

RAISIN,  see  Vitis  vinifcra  —  r.  d' Amfrique, 
Phytolacca  decandra  —  r.  de  Jiois,  Vacciniuin 
iiiyrtillus  —  r.  d'Onra,  Arbutus  uva  ursi — r.  de 
Reiinrd,  Paris. 

RAISING,  Expectoration. 

RAISINIERE  (F.).  from  raiain,  'a  grape.' 
A  name  given  to  a  small  granular,  brownish  or 
lihickish  tumour,  which  forms  occasionally  at  the 
surface  of  the  cornea,  in  consequence  of  ulcers  or 
accidental  wounds  of  that  membrane.  —  Nysten. 

RAISINS,  Uvae  passae,  see  Vitus  vinifcra  —  r. 
de  Coriiithe,  sec  Vitus  Corinthiaca. 

RAISON,  Reason. 

RAKASIRA.  An  American  balsam;  of  a 
brownish  or  brownish-red  colour  ;  semi-transpa- 
rent; brittle;  softening  and  becoming  tenacious 
by  heat;  inodorous  when  cold,  but  exhaling  a 
very  agreeable  smell  when  heated  ;  and  possessing 
a  biilsiimic  and  slightly  bitter  taste.  The  precise 
vegetable  that  furnishes  it  is  not  known.  It  has 
been  used  chiefly  as  a  balsam  in  gouorrhcea  and 
urinary,  affections. 

RAKE-TEETH.  A  term,  used  in  the  North 
of  England  for  teeth  which  are  wide  apart,  and 
similar  to  those  of  a  rake. 

RAKIA,  see  Spirit. 

RAKOSIS,  Rachosis. 

RALE  (F.),  Rnltle,  Rhoiirhua,  Rlenchns, 
Jlheturin,  from  (D.)  Ratel;  liliouciia,  Cerchtius, 
Rhixjmos :  (probably  an  example  of  onomatopoeia.) 
Noise  produced  by  the  air  in  passing  through 
mucus,  of  which  the  lungs  are  unable  to  free 
themselves.  This  condition  is  chiefly  observed  at 
the  approach  of  death,  and  is  commonly  called, 
"  the  rattled." 

The  term  RCile  has  been  given  to  different 
Bounds  during  respiration,  caused  by  the  air  in 
connection  with  fluid  contained  in  the  bronchi, 
or  areoliB  of  the  pulmonary  tissue;  which  are 
perceived  by  the  stethoscope. 

RALE  BRONCHIQUE  sec,  Rale  sonore—r. 
Rrovchiqiie  humide,  R.  miiqueiix — r.  Cavenieu.r, 
Gurgling — r.  Cavenndeux,  see  Gurgling — r.  CrS- 
pltnnf,  Rhnnchits  crep'itatis,  see  Crepitant  —  r.  c. 
Redux,  see  Crepitant. 

RALE  MVQUEUX,  R.  bronchique  humide, 
•Rhon'ciia  vuico'sim,  Ilycjrohronchinrrhnn' cli us,  Mn- 
cnns  Rattle.  The  sound  produced  by  the  pas- 
sage of  air  through  mucus  accumulated  in  the 
larger  bronchi  or  trachea,  or  through  softened 
tubercular  matter.  This  rule  occurs  in  catarrh, 
and  in  softened  tubercle.  AVhen  carried  to  a  very 
high  degree,  it  constitutes  gurgling,  (F.)  Gm-gnu- 
iltemeul.  The  subcrep'itaiit  r/ionchus,  (F.)  Rdle 
noua-erfpitant,  is  produced  by  the  bubbling  of  air 
through  liquid  of  variable  consistence  in  the  tni- 
nute  bronchial  tubes.  When  heard  at  the  base 
of  both  lungs,  it  is  a  sign  of  capillary  bronchitis. 
When  heard  at  one  base  only,  it  is  generally  con- 
nected with  tuberculosis  higher  up. 

RALE  SIBILANT,  Rh"n'chuaaib'ilua?eua{b'- 
ihtna,  Sib'ihnit  Rattle.  A  slight,  though  pro- 
longed, whistling  sound,  occurring  either  at  the 
commencement  of  inspiration,  or  of  expiration, 
owing  to  the  presence  of  mucus,  thin  and  viscid, 
hut  not  abundant,  which  obstructs,  more  or  less 
completely,  the  smaller  bronchial  ramifications. 
It  is  seated  in  the  small  tubes,  and  occurs  in  the 
first  stage  of  bronchitis.  The  clicking  and  u-hiaf- 
ling  varieties  differ,  in  the  former  being  short, 
the  latter  prolonged.  The  former  is  a  quick, 
sharp  sibilus  or  whistle,  which  ceases  almost  in- 


stantaneously;  the  latler  a  prolonged  sibilus,  of 
less  sharpness,  lasting  almost  the  whole  time  of 
the  movement  which  it  accompanies.  To  these 
may  be  added  the  Jiiaaing  variety,  the  name  suflS- 
ciently  indicating  its  character. 

RALE  SONOHE,  R.  bronchique  sec  ou  ron- 
fant,  Rhnnchus  sono'rua,  Sono'roiia  Rattle.  A 
sound  resembling  at  times  the  snoring — (F.)  Ron- 
Jleiiient — of  a  person  asleep;  at  others  the  sound 
of  the  bass  string  of  an  instrument  when  rubbed 
with  the  finger,  and  not  uiifrequentlj'  the  cooing 
— (F. )  Rducoulement — of  a  dove.  It  seems  to  be 
caused  by  a  contraction  of  the  bronchial  tubes, 
and  is  characteristic  of  chronic  catarrh. 

RALE  SOUS-CREPITANT,  see  Rdle  mu- 
queux  —  r.   Veaiculaire,  see  Crepitation. 

RAMEAU,  Ramus. 

RAMRERGE,  Mercurialis. 

RAMEN'TA  INTESTINO'RUM,  Scrapings 
of  the  Inteatinea,  (F.)  Raclurea  des  Boyuux.  The 
shreds  or  scrapings,  as  it  were,  of  the  mucous 
membrane  of  the  bowels,  often  discharged  in  ma- 
lignant dysentery.  The  evacuation  in  which 
these  are  contained  has  been  termed  i>iacAore'7Ha 
xyamato'dea. 

RAMENTTIM,  Fragment,  Scobs. 

RAMEX,  Hernia — r.  Varicosus,  Varicocele. 

RAMIFICA'TION,  Ramificn'tio,  from  ramua, 
'a  branch,'  and^o,  'to  become.'  A  division  of 
arteries,  veins,  or  nerves  into  branches.  Also,  a 
branch  itself. 

RAMILLE,  Ramuseulus. 

RAMOLLISSEMENT,  Mollities  — r.  du  Cer- 
veax,  Mollities  cerebri — r.  du  Cceur,  Cardiomala- 
cia — )•.  de  rEatomac,  Gastromalaeia — r.  du  Foie, 
Hepatouiiilacia — J-.  Gria.  see  Hepatization — r.  de 
la  3Ii>elle  epiniere,  Mollities  medulhe  spinalis  — 
)■.  Rouge,  see  Hepatization — ;•.  de  V Inteatin,  En- 
tero-malacia — r.  dca  Oa.  Mollities  ossium. 

RAMPANT  (F.),  from  ramper,  'to  climb.' 
Re])cna,  Rcptana.  That  which  creeps  or  crawls. 
The  French  Bandage  rampant  has  the  folds 
arranged  spirally  around  the  part,  leaving  in- 
tervals between  them.  It  is  a  retentive  ban- 
dage, but  is  easily  displaced,  and,  therefore,  not 
employed. 

RAJIRES  DU  LUIA^ON,  Scalee  of  the 
cochlea. 

RAMPHOS,  Rostrum. 

RAMITLUS,  Ramuseulus. 

RAMUNCULUS,  Ramuseulus. 

RAMUS,  Cladoa,  a  branch,  (F.)  Rameau.  A 
division  of  an  artery,  vein,  or  nerve.  Also,  the 
male  organ. 

RAMI'S  DuRioR  SeptimvE  Cosjugationis,  Fa- 
cial nerve. 

RAMUS'CULUS,  Ram'uhia,  Ramvn'enlua, 
Sur'cnlua,  Cladis'coa,  diminutive  of  ramua,  'a 
branch.'  A  division  of  a  ramus.  (F.)  Ramus- 
culc.  RamiUe. 

RANA  ESCULEN'TA,  'esculent  frog,'  (F.) 
Greniiuille.  This  frog  and  the  bull-fr<ig,  Ronn 
Tauri'na  —  are  eaten  as  delicacies.  They  are 
nutritious,  and  easily  digested. 

R ANA,  Rnnula. 

RANGE,  Rancid. 

RANCID,  Ran'cidua,  Saprna.(Y.)  Raure,  from 
rancere,  'to  be  stale.'  An  epithet  given  to  fatty 
bodies,  which  have  liecouje  acrid  from  age  or  the 
contact  of  air.  Mild  ointments  may  thus  become 
very  irritating,  and  utifit  for  the  purposes  for 
which  thcv  were  oriffinallv  intended. 

RAN'DIA  DUMETO'RUM.A'.  Spina'an.  Can', 
th'um  Coruna'tum,  Gardcn'ia  seu  Pm-nque'ria 
Vunieto'runi  ?c\l  Spiun'aa.  A  Coromiindel  shrub; 
Ord.  CinchonaciB  :  the  fruit  of  which,  bruised 
and   thrown   on   the   water,  intoxicates,  or  even 


RANDIA  SPINOSA 


RArrORT 


Jiills  fish.     In  the  form  of  powder,  it  is  a  power- 
ful emetic. 

RANDIA  SPINOSA,  R.  dumetorum. 
RANINE,  Rnni'na  ;  from  Rnnn,  'a  frog.' 
The  termination  of  the  lingual  artery  is  so  called  ; 
that  is,  the  portion  of  the  artery  which  advances 
horizontal!}'  between  the  genio-glossus  and  lin- 
gualis  muscles  as  far  as  the  point  of  the  tongue. 
The  ranine  vein  follows  the  same  course  as  the 
artery,  and  opens  into  the  internal  jugular  or  in- 
to the  superior  thyroid. 

RANTREE,  Sorbus  acuparia. 

RAN'ULA,  diminutive  of  rnnn, 'a.  frog,'  So 
called  from  its  resemblance  ;  Di/np/in'r/in  linniiln, 
Emphrng'ma  anil va' re,  lin'trnvhos,  Batra'chUim, 
Hi/drogLon'sn,  Hypoylossis,  Hypoglosunm,  Hi/po- 
glot'tis,  Hypoglos'siiim,  Rnnn,  Frog  Tongue,  (F.) 
Greiwui/lette.  A  small,  soft,  fluctuating,  and 
semi-transparent  tumour,  which  forms  under  the 
tongue,  owing  to  the  accumulation  of  saliva  in 
Wharton's  duct.  In  order  to  give  exit  to  the  ac- 
cumulated fluid,  and  to  establish  a  permanent 
opening  for  the  discharge  of  the  saliva,  the  cyst 
may  be  punctured,  and  the  opening  maintained 
by  a  minute  cylinder,  with  a  button  at  each  ex- 
tremity, as  has  been  recommended  by  Dupuy- 
tren  ;  or  a  portion  of  the  cyst  may  be  removed  by 
the  scissors,  and  the  mouth  be  frequently  washed 
by  any  astringent  lotion.  Sometimes,  the  sali- 
vary duct  is  found  plugged  by  a  small  calculus. 

Raniila  Lapidka,  see  Calculi,  salivary. 

RANUN'CULUS,  {F.)  Re,ioncule,{Sc.)  Yellow 
gotvaii,  Ord.  Ranunculacea;  ;  Sex.  Sijst.  Polyan- 
dria  Polygynia.  Diminutive  of  rana,  'a  frog,'  be- 
cause found  in  marshy  places  where  frogs  abound. 
A  genus  of  plants,  most  of  the  species  of  which, 
when  taken  internally,  act  as  acrid  poisons.  See 
Poison.  They  are,  also,  acrid  and  vesicant,  when 
applied  to  the  skin,  and  have  accordingly  been 
often  used  as  counter-irritants.  The  following 
species  answer  to  this  description. 

Ranunculus  Abortivus,  Small-flotuered  Crow- 
foot, Chicken-pepper, 

Ranunculus  Acnis,  R.pmfen'sia  seu  Sfeven'ii 
seu  rn'/nlns  seu  ii/lvat'icus  seu  Sic'nliis,  Upright 
Meadow  or  Tall  Crowfoot,  Butter  Cups,  (Prov.) 
Crniaey,  Guilty  Ciipn,  Yellow-weed,  Blister-toeed, 
Pilewort,  Burwort,  Meadoio-bloom,  Yellows,  (F.), 
BoMton  d'or. 

Ranunculus  Albus,  Anemone  nemorosa. 

Ranunculus  Aquaticus,  R.  sceleratus. 

Ranitnculus  Bulbo'sus,  R.  Imtun,  Rnnuncxdnn 
(Ph.  U.  S.),  Bulbous  or  Bulbous-rooted  Crowfoot, 
Butter  Cups,  (F.)  Renoncule  bulbeuse,  Bassinet. 

Ranunculus  Digitatus,  R.  sceleratus. 

Ranunculus  Declinatus,  R.  flammula. 

Ranunculus  Fica'ria,  R.  vernus  seu  pracox, 
Chelido'nium  minus,  Scrophula'ria  minor,  Fica'- 
ria rantinciiloi'des  seu  verna  seu  commu'nis,  Che- 
lido' nin  rotuudifo'lia  minor,  Curen'ma  htfmor- 
rhoida'lis  herhn,  ^gole'thron.  Lesser  celandine, 
Pilewort,  (F.)  Petite  Chelidoine,  Petite  Eclnire, 
Ficnire,  Herbe  nux  hemorrhoides.  The  leaves 
and  root  have  been  used  medicinally  ; — the  leaves 
as  an  antiscorbutic ;  the  root  as  a  cataplasm  in 
piles. 

Ranunculus  Flam'mula,  R.declina'tus,  Flam'- 
mula,  Surrec'ta  alba,  Smaller  Water  Crowfoot, 
Lesser  Spearwort,  (F.)  Petite  Douve. 

Ranunculus  Illyricus. 

Ranuncui,us  Lingua. 

Ranunculus  LvKtus,  R.  bulbosus — r.  Nemo- 
rosus.  Anemone  nemorosa  —  r.  Palustris,  R.  sce- 
leratus—  r.  Pratensis,  R.  acris. 

Ranunculus  Pennsylvanicus,  Bristly  Crow- 
foot. 

Ranunculus  Precox,  R.  ficaria. 

Ranunculus  Pubrs'cens.  Grows  in  ditches 
and   marshes  in  South  Africa.     The   expressed 


juice  Is  used  by  the  Cape  Colonists  in  cancerous 
ulcers. 

Ranunculus  Repens,  Creeping  Crowfoot — r. 
Rufulus,  R.  acris. 

Ranunculus  Scrlera'tus,  if.  Pahis'tris  sen 
nmbeUa'tus  seu  digitn'tua  seu  aqunt'icus,  lllsus 
A'pium,  Herbn  Sardo'nia,  I/erba  Scelera'la,  He- 
cato'nin  pahis'tris,  Marsh  or  Crushed  or  Celery- 
leaved  Crowfoot. 

Ranunculus  Siculus,  R.  acris  —  r.  Stevenii, 
R.  acris --r.  Umbellatus,  R.  sceleratus  —  r.  Ver- 
nus, R.  ficaria  —  r.  Virginianus,  Lobelia  syphili- 
tica. 

RAPA  NAPUS,  Brassica  rapa  —  r.  Rotunda, 
Brassica  rapa. 

RAPE,  Brassica  napus,  Stuprum. 

RAPHANE'DON,  from  'p«(/.avK,  'aradish,like 
a  radish.'  Rhaphancdon.  A  transverse  fincture 
of  a  long  bone,  leaving  no  splinters  ;  —  what  has 
been  called,  in  France,  Fracture  en  rave. 

RAPHA'NIA,  Conriil'sio  Rnphanin,  Rhapht'- 
nia,  Mo7-bus  spasmoiV iciis  mnlii/'niis  seu  popula'- 
ris  seu  Sile'siacus,  Eclnmp'sia  typho'des,  Si/nc'- 
lotivs  Raphania.  Linnanis  gives  this  name  to  a 
convulsive  disease,  not  tincommon  in  Gcriiiiiny 
and  Sweden,  and  which  has  been  attributed  to 
the  seeds  of  the  Raph'anus  Raphanie'trutn  seu 
sylves'tris,  Raphanis'triim  seg"etuin  seu  nrvense, 
Rripistrum,  being  mixed  with  the  corn.  The  con- 
vulsions are  seated  in  the  limbs,  and  are  attended 
with  acute  pain.     See  Convulsio  cerealis. 

Raphania  Maiztica,  Pellagra. 

RAPIIANIS,  Rai)hanus  hortensis — r.  Magna, 
Cochlearia  armoracia. 

RHAPHANISTRUM  ARVENSE,  see  Ra- 
phania. 

RAPIIANUS,  R.  hortensis. 

Raph'anus  Houtkn'sis,  Raphanns,  R.sati'viis 
seu  niger,  Raph'anis,  Rhaph'anus,  Riidic'ida, 
Rhaphys,  Raphys,  R/iaps,  Rapys,  Radish,  (F.) 
Raifort,  Radis.  Ord.  Crucifene.  Se.r.  Synt. 
Tetradynamia  Siliquosa.  The  root  of  this  plant 
is  a  common  esculent.  It  has,  also,  been  given 
as  a  diuretic  in  calculous  affections.  The  juice, 
made  into  a  sj'rup,  is  exhibited  to  relieve  huarse- 
ness.  Radishes  have  long  been  celebrated  as 
anti-scorbutics. 

Raphanus  Marinus,  Cochlearia  armoracia  — 
r.  Raphanistrum,  see  Raphania — r.  Rusticanus, 
Cochlearia  armoracia  —  r.  Sylvestris,  see  Rapha- 
nia. 

RAPHE,  Rhaphe,  'paipv,  'a  suture.'  A  name 
given  to  prominent  lines  resembling  a  raised 
stitch.  Such  is  the  raphe  or  traniis  which  divides 
the  scrotum  into  two  parts,  and  which  extends 
from  the  anterior  part  of  the  anus  to  the  extre- 
mity of  the  penis.  The  name  Rajyhe  seu  Raphe 
aiipe'rior  seu  Linen  Media'na  seu  Siitii'ra  ciir'- 
poris  callo'si  exter'na  seu  chorda  lougitudina'tis 
Lancis'ii  is,  also,  given  to  two  prominent  lines 
which  are  longitudinal  and  parallel,  and  are  seen 
at  the  upper  surface  of  the  corpus  callosum,  ex- 
tending from  the  anterior  to  the  posterior  extre- 
mity of  that  commissure. 

RAPHEX,  Chenopodium  vulvaria. 

RAPIIIAXKIS'TROX,  from 'pa'/'<'»', 'a  needle,' 
and  ayKiarpuv,  'a  hook.'  An  instrument  em- 
ployed in  the  formation  of  artificial  pupil. 

RAPHION,  Needle. 

RAPHIS,  Needle. 

RAPHYS,  Raphanus  hortensis. 

RAPISTRUM,  see  Raphania. 

RAPONTIC,  Rheum  rhaponticum. 

RAPPORT  (¥.),  Rela'tio,  Renuncia'lio,  'a 
report.'  A  deposition  made  by  a  physician  or 
surgeon,  to  prove  the  condition  of  a  person,  the 
nature  of  a  disease,  the  existence  or  non-exist- 
ence of  pregnancy,  sudden  or  violent  death,  4c. 


RAPPORT 


789 


REALGAR 


Formerly,  there  were  the  Rapporls  d(,\oncialifH, 
maile  at  the  desire  of  the  injured  or  their  friends, 
and  intended  to  point  out  to  tlie  judges  the  de- 
tails of  the  crime  or  misderaeiinor,  —  Ihe  Rapports 
prooimnrea,  the  object  of  wliich  was  to  obtain 
proviiiona  for  the  injured  individual,  both  as  re- 
garded food  and  medicine,  and  to  defray  the  ex- 
penses of  prosecution  ; — and  Jiapports  niixtes,  or 
those  which  were  both  denonc.ifaifn  and  pruvi- 
eoirea.  At  present,  reports  or  depositions  are 
generally  divided  \nto  judiciary ,  or  those  which 
(■erve  to  throw  light  on  the  subject  matter  of  any 
civil  or  criminal  cause;  and  administrative, 
which  afford  information  on  sulyects  relating  to 
any  branch  of  the  public  administration,  as  on 
the  nuisance,  or  otherwise,  of  certain  establish- 
ments, the  character  of  any  epidemic,  &c. 

RAPPORT,  Eructation,  Regurgitation. 

IIAPTUS  POST-TERGANEUS,  Opisthoto- 
nos. 

RAPUM  MAJUS,  Brassica  rapa. 

RAPUNTIUM  SYPHILITICUM,  Lobelia  sy- 
philitica. 

RAPURE,  Rasura. 

R.\PYS,  Raphanus  hortensis. 

RAQUETTE,  Cactus  opuntia. 

RAREFA'CIENS,  Rarifa'ciens,  ArcBOt'icits, 
(F.)  Rarejiaiit,  from  varus,  'rare,'  iind  facere,  'to 
make.'  Medicines  were  so  termed,  which  were 
supposed  to  be  possessed  of  the  power  of  giving 
more  bulk  or  extension  to  the  blood  or  other 
humours. 

RAREFIANT,  Rarefaciens. 

RARIFACIENS,  Rarefaciens. 

RA'RITAS,  (F.)  i?are(e.  Rarity;  scantiness; 
fewness. 

Raritas  Den'tium.  A  large  space  between  the 
teeth,  which  appear  to  be,  and  may  be,  too  few. 

RASCATIO,  Excreation. 

RASCETA,  Carpus,  Malleolus  —  r.  Pedis, 
Tarsus. 

RASCTIA,  Carpus,  Malleolus. 

RASETA,  Carpus,  Malleolus. 

RASETTA,  Carpus,  Malleolus. 

RASH,  Exanthem  —  r.  Fever,  Scarlatina — r. 
Canker,  see  Cynanehe  maligna — r.  Liehenous, 
Lichen  —  r.  Mercurial,  Eczema  mercuriale  —  r. 
Mulberry,  see  Typhus  —  r.  Nettle,  Urticaria — r. 
Rose,  Roseola — r.  Summer,  Lichen  tropicus  —  r. 
Tooth,  Strophulus — r.  Wildfire,  Ignis  sylvaticus. 

RASOfR.  Razor. 

RASO'RISM.  The  Italian  medical  doctrine 
of  contro-stimulus,  of  which  Rasori  was  the 
founder. 

RASORIUM,  Raspatoriura. 

RASPATO'RIUM,  Raso'rium,  Rat'ula,  Scal- 
prnm  roso'rinm,  Xyster,  Xyste'rium,  Xystnim, 
Rad'ida,  Runci'na,  Riincin'iila,  Scalprum,  (F.) 
Riiffiiie,  Gratloir.  An  instrument  used  for  rasp- 
ing bones,  to  detach  the  periosteum,  —  either  in 
certain  surgical  operations,  or  for  anatomical  pur- 
poses. 

RASPBERRY,  Rubus  idanis  —  r.  Black,  see 
Rubus  strigosus — r.  Ground,  Hydrastis  Canaden- 
sis—  r.  Wild,  Rubus  strigosus. 

RASPING,  Eructation. 

RASPS,  Rubus  fruticosus. 

RASSKTA  PEDIS,  Tarsus. 

RASTKTA,  Carpus,  Malleolus. 

RASU'RA,  Xyama,  Xysmos,  (F.)  Rdpure,  from 
rndere,  rasum,  '  to  scrape.'  A  rasure,  or  scratch, 
or  erosion.  Also,  the  rasping  or  shaving  of  any 
substance;  as  Raau'rcB  Cornu  Cervi,  Hartshorn 
sharitiys. 

Rasitha,  Scobs. 

RAT.\FI'A,  (F.)  Alcoole  sucri,  Saccharo-al- 
eooU,     A  liijuor  prepared  by  imparting  to  ardent 


spirits  the  flavour  of  various  kinds  of  fruits,  add- 
ing sugar. 

RATANHY,  Krameria  ratanhia — r.  of  the  An- 
tilles, Krameria  ixina. 

RATE,  Spleen. 

RATELEUX,  Spleneticus. 

R Atelier,  see  DenHer. 

RATIO,  Rationa'litas,  from  reor,  ratns,  'to 
think.'  A  reason,  a  cause,  an  explanation,  a 
mode  or  manner;  as  Ratio  symptom' atum,  an  ex- 
planation of  the  symptoms, —  Ratio  meden'di. 
Genus  curatio'nia.  Via  curandi ;  the  reason, 
mode  or  manner  of  cure. 

Ratio,  Reason  —  r.  Medendi,  see  Ratio  —  r. 
Symptomatum,  see  Ratio. 

RAT"IONAL,  Rationa'Us,  (F.)  Rationnel. 
Same  etymon  as  Ratio.  That  which  is  conform- 
able to  reason.  This  epithet  is  often  opposed  to 
emj}irical  /  as  rational  treatment.  The  French, 
also,  say  Signes  rationales,  in  opposition  to  Siy- 
nes  sensihles.     See  Organic. 

RATIONALITAS,  Ratio. 

RATSBANE,  Arsenious  acid. 

RATTLE,  Kale. 

RATTLES,  THE.  see  Rale. 

RATTLEBUSH,  Sophora  tinctoria. 

RATTLESNAKE,  Crotalus  horridus— r.  Leaf, 
Goodyera  pubescens — r.  Plantain,  Goodyera  pu- 
bescens  —  r.  Root,  Nabalus  albus,  Polygala  sene- 
ga, Trillium  latifolium  —  r.  Weed,  Hieracium  ve- 
nosum. 

RATTLESNAKE'S  MASTER,  Agave  Virgi- 
nlca,  Liatris  scariosa,  Nabalus  albus. 

RATTLEWEED,  Acta?a  racemosa. 

RATULA,  Raspatoriura. 

RAUCE'DO,  Uau'citas,  Parapho'nia  rauca, 
Asper'itas  Arte'ricB  as'percB,  Vox  rauca.  Bron- 
chus, Hoarseness,  (Sc.)  Roup,  (Prov.)  Rawp,  (F.) 
Enrouement,  Roucite,  from  rations,  '  hoarse.'  A 
change  in  the  voice,  which  loses  its  smoothness 
and  becomes  low  and  obscure.  It  is  a  common 
symptom  in  diseases  of  the  larynx  and  trachea. 

Raucedo  Catarrua'lis.  Hoarseness  from 
cold. 

RAUCITAS,  Raucedo. 

RA  UaiTE,  Raucedo. 

RAUCOUS,  Raucua.  'Hoarse;'  as  a  raucous 
voice  —  Vox  rnuca  seu  raucis'ona, 

RA  VE,  Brassica  rapa. 

RAVERY,  Delirium. 

RAWP,  Raucedo. 

RAY,  Diarrhoea. 

RA  YONNE,  Radiated. 

RAYONS  SOUS-IRIENS,  Ciliary  processes 

R.'VZOR,  Culler  Tonsor'iua,  Machce'ria,  Xovac'- 
ula,  Xyrum,  Xyrus,  (F.)  Rasoir,  from  radere, 
rasum,  'to  shave.'  An  instrument  for  shaving. 
Used  in  surgery  to  remove  hairs,  where  they 
would  interfere  with  any  operation. 

REACHING,  Vomiturition. 

REACTION,  Reac'tio,  from  re,  'again,'  and 
agere,  actum,  'to  act.'  An  action  of  resistance  to 
a  power  applied.  A  species  of  vital  movement 
or  excitement,  tending  to  prevent  or  destroy  the 
effects  of  any  noxious  power  applied  to  the  ani- 
mal economy,  and  which,  by  some,  has  been 
attributed  to  the  via  medicatri.v  natures.  It  is 
certainly  dependent  on  the  organic  instinctive 
actions  of  the  frame.  It  is  the  state  of  activity 
which  succeeds  the  action  on  the  nervous  system 
of  certain  morbific  influences. 

READ.  Rennet. 

REAL'GAR,  Realgal,  Arlada,  Arladar,  Auri- 
pigmen'tum  ruhrum,  Arsen'icum  rubruiii  facti"- 
tium,  Abessi,  Sandara'cha  GrcBco'rum,  Red  Sul- 
phuret  of  Mercury.  A  violent  poison.  See 
Poison. 


REAM 


790 


RECTUM 


REAM.  Cream. 

REASON.  Rn'tio,  Lngos,  (F.)  Raison.     Same 
et3'iiion  as  Ratio.     The  faculty  or  property  of  the 
wind  by  means  of  wliieh  man  perceives  the  dis- 
tinction between  riglit  and  wrong,  in  physics  as 
well  as  in  morals.     Renion  is  a  just  conclusion 
resulting  from  the  comparison  of  two  ideas,  by 
virtue  of  which  we  form  a  judgment. 
REBOLEA,  Mummy. 
KEBONA,  Mummy. 
RKBOUTEUR,  I'iexoneur. 
RECEIVER,  Anipnlln,  (F.)  BnUon,  RMpient, 
from  reclpere,receplitm,  (re,  and  capere,  '  to  take,') 
'to    take,    to   receive.'      In    pharmacy,    a   wide- 
necked  globular  vessel,  the  neck  of  which  widens 
gradually  outwards,  to  receive  the  tapering  beak 
of  the  retort  in  distillation.     Like  the  retort,  the 
receiver  may  he  ])litin  or  tuhulnted. 

A  quilled  receiver  is  one  tliat  has  a  tapering 
tube  from  its  lower  surface,  which  is  inserted  into 
a  graduated  bottle  through  a  cork  joint,  when  it 
is  desirable  to  know  accurately  the  amount  of 
fluid  that  has  passed  over. 

RECEPTACULA  DUR^  MATRIS,  Sinuses 
of  the  dura  mater. 

RECEPTAC'ULUM  CIIYLI,  'receptacle  of 
the  chyle;'  R.  Pecqnet'i  seu  Pecquetia'num,  Di- 
vergo'riion  seu  Stitf/iium  chi/li,  Sac'ciilns  chy'lifer 
seu  ro'rlfer  seu  lac'teus,  Al'veus  ampnllo'aus  seu 
antpnllen'ceiis,  Utric'uliie  Itictevs,  Vesie'idn  chyli, 
Ampiil'la  ehylif'era  seu  vhyli,  Cinter'na  lumhn'ria 
seu  Chyli,  Ohyliicy«'tis,  Cliylodochi'iim,  Lnt'icen 
lactei,  Lnnibar  cinlern,  Reservoir  of  Pecquet,  (F.) 
RSaervoir  du  chyle,  R.  de  Pecquet,  Citerne  lom- 
hnire.  A  considerable  dilatation  of  the  thoracic 
duct,  in  front  of  the  lumbar  region  of  the  verte- 
bral column.  It  is  the  commencement  of  the 
duet. 

Receptac'ulum  Cotun'nii.  a  triangular  space, 
formed  by  a  separation  of  the  two  laminae  of  the 
dura  mater  of  the  internal  ear,  near  the  middle 
of  the  posterior  surface  of  the  pars  petrosa  of  the 
temporal  bone,  where  the  aquaeductus  vestibuli 
terminates.  It  is  always  tilled  with  the  Fluid  of 
Cotucjno.  . 

RucEPTACtiLUM  PecqiAiti,  R.  Chyli  —  r.  Sellse 
equina  lateribus  appositum,  Cavernous  sinus. 

RECEPTIVITY,   Receptiv'itas,   (P.)   Recepti- 
vite.     Same  etymon  as  Receiver.     A  word  used 
by  Tissot  to  express  the  susceptibility  of  certain 
organs  to  receive  morbific  impressions. 
RECEPTUM,  Prescription. 
RECESSIO,  Paroxysm. 

RECESSUS,  Abscess,  Sinus  —  r.  Sulciformis, 
see  Fovea  vestibuli. 

RECHAMALCA,  Rachamelca, 
RECHUTE,  see  Relapse. 
RECIDIVA  MORBI,  Relapse. 
RECIDIVE,  see  Relapse. 
RECIPE,   (L.)   (re,   and   capere,  'to   take.') 
A  Latin  word  which  signifies  'take,'  (F.)  Prenez, 
and  with  which  prescriptions  are  commenced.    It 
is,  often,  represented  by  R,  R,  and  was  formerly 
by  1|,  the  symbol  of  Jove.     See  Abbreviation. 
RECIPIENT,  Receiver. 
RECIPROCATION,   VIBRATIONS    OF,  see 
Sound. 

RECLINATIO,  Reclination— r.  Palpebrarum, 
Ectropion. 

RECLINA'TION,  Reclina'tio,  from  recliiiare, 
reclinalum,  (re,  and  cliiiare,  'to  bend,')  'to  bend 
back.'  A  mode  of  operating  for  the  cataract, 
■which  consists  in  applying  the  needle  in  a  cer- 
tain manner  to  the  anterior  surface  of  the  cata- 
ract and  depressing  it  into  the  vitreous  humour, 
in  such  a  way,  that  the  front  surface  of  the  cata- 
ract is  the  upper  one  and  its  back  surface  the 
lower  one. 


RECLUSOR  PALPEBRARUxM,  Levator  pal- 
pchrse  su])erioris. 

RECOM POSITION,  Mctasynchrisi.s. 

RECONVALESCKNTIA,  Convalescence. 

RECORUATIO,  Memory. 

RECORDATUS,  Memory. 

RECORPORATIVUS,  Mctasyncritio. 

RECOVER Y,  Rcstauratio. 

RECREATIO,  Rcstauratio. 

RECREMENT,  Recremeu'lum,  from  re,  and 
ceriiere,  cretum,  '  to  sift.'  A  humour,  which,  after 
having  been  separated  from  the  blood,  is  again 
returned  to  it ;  such  as  the  saliva,  tiie  secrotiou 
of  serous  membranes,  Ac.  Such  fluids  are  said  to 
be  recre»ieiitit"icil,  (F.)  R^crimenteux,  Ricreinen- 
titiel  ;    Ifumi/ren  iiiquili'iii. 

RECRE.MENTA  VESICAE,  Urine. 
RECREMENTITIAL    FLUIDS,   see    Recre- 
ment. 

RECREMEN'TO-  EXCREMENTIT"IAL. 
Applied  to  secreted  fluids,  as  the  saliva,  bile,  &v., 
which  are  in  part  reabsorbed  and  in  purl  ex- 
creted. 

RECREMENTUM,  Recrement. 
RECRUUESCEN'TIA,   Pulincote'nis,    Recru- 
des'ceuce,   from   re,   'again,'   and   crndita,   'raw.' 
An   increase  of  a  disease  after  a  temporary  re- 
mission. 

RECTAL,  Recta'lia.  Appertaining,  or  relating 
to,  the  rectum,  —  as  'rectid  tube.'  See  Tulie, 
rectal. 

RECTIFICA'TION,  Rectifica'tio,  from  rcclum 
facere,  'to  make  right.'  An  operation  by  which 
certain  liquids  are  purified  by  distilling  tiiein, 
either  singly  or  after  admi.Kture  with  other  sub- 
stances. 

RECTI'TIS.  A  hybrid  word,  from  rectum, 
and  )7?«,  denoting  inflammation;  properly  «n,A!- 
/('«,  or  proctitis.  Inflammation  of  the  rectum. 
Proctal'fi  ia  ill  flu  mmuto'rin. 

RECTO,  in   composition,  signifies  relating  or 
belonging  to  the  rectum. 
RECTOCELE,  Cystocele. 
RECTOSTENOSIS,  Stricture  of  the  rectum. 
RECTO-U'TERINE,  Recto-uteri' n us,  from  rec- 
turn,  and  uterus.     Appertaining,  or  relating,  to 
the  rectum  and  uterus. 

Recto- UTERINE  Folds,  see  Uterus. 
RECTOVAG"INAL,  Recto-vagina' lis.     That 
which    relates   or   belongs   to   the    rectum   and 
vagina. 

Recto-vaginal  Fistula  is  owing  to  a  preter- 
natural communication  between  the  rectum  and 
vagina  through  the  above  septum. 

Recto- vaginal  Septum,  (F.)  Cloiaon  reclo- 
vaginale,  is  formed  by  the  junction  —  back  to 
back  —  (or  by  what  the  French  term  aduseemeut) 
of  the  rectum  and  vagina.  It  separates  these 
two  canals  from  each  other. 

RECTO-VES'ICAL,  Recto-veaica'lis.  Having 
relation  to  the  rectum  and  bladder;  as  the  "rec- 
to-vesical  fold  or  jiouch"  of  the  peritoneum,  be- 
tween the  rectum  and  bladder.  See  Urinary 
Bladder. 

RECTUM,  from  rectus,  so  called  from  a  notion 
that  it  is  straight.  It  is  not  so.  Iniesti'uum 
Rectum,  Apeuthys'menoa,  Euthyen'teron,  Louyanii, 
Longas,  Loiignuon,  Archoa,  Cys'aaros,  J'riucej/s, 
3Iouoco'lon  [?],  Bum-gut,  (Prov.)  Jot-gut.  Tiie 
third  and  last  portion  of  the  great  intestine.  It 
forms  the  continuation  of  the  sigmoid  flexure  of 
the  colon,  occupies  the  posterior  part  of  the  pel- 
vis, and  extends  from  the  left  side  of  the  sacro- 
vertebral  articulation  to  the  coccyx,  before  which 
it  opens  outwards  by  the  orifice  called  the  anus. 
It  is  cylindrical,  but  eaccated,  ar  it  were,  at  its 
inferior  portion,  where  it  is  consequently  larger, 
and  is  attached  to  the  sacrum  by  the  mesorectum. 


RECTUS 


791 


RECURRENT 


Like  the  other  portions  of  the  canal  it  is  formed 
of  three  ineinliranes.  Towards  the  lower  extre- 
mity, some  parallel  and  longitudinal  wrinkles  are 
oliserviihle  on  its  inner  surface:  these  are  the 
CnliimiiH,  Coliim'iKF  car'nr-cB  of  the  Rectum  or  of 
iforyiiyiii,  (F.)  C'lilouiiea  dii  rectum  ou  de  Mor- 
giirjiii.  They  are  merely  folds  of  the  raucous 
iiicuihrane,  between  which  is  a  number  of  Lucuucb. 
The  arteries  of  the  rectum  are  numerous.  They 
proceed  from  the  inferior  mesenteric,  hypogastric, 
and  internal  pudic,  and  are  called  liemorilioid(d. 
The  veins  open,  partly  into  the  hypogastric  vein, 
partly  into  the  inferior  mesenteric.  The  nerves 
proceed  from  the  sciatic  and  hypogastric  plex- 
uses. The  rectum  receives  the  fyDcal  matters,  as 
they  pass  from  the  colon,  which  serves  as  a  re- 
servoir for  them. 

RECTUS,  'straight.'  (F.)  Droit.  A  terra, 
used  in  anatomy  for  parts  tiiat  pursue  a  straight 
course  ;  — as 

Rkctos  Abdom'inis,  (F.)  Puhlo-siemti!,  Stenio- 
piiliieH  (Ch.),  Droit  de  I'ubdomen.  A  long  flat 
muscle,  situate  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  abdo- 
men, and  sejjarated  from  that  of  the  opposite  side 
by  the  linea  alba.  It  is  attached,  above,  to  the 
cartilages  of  the  last  three  true  ribs  ;  and,  below, 
to  the  pubis  by  a  very  strong  tendon,  the  outer 
edge  of  which  is  continuous  with  the  fascia  trans- 
versalis.  This  muscle  is  enclosed  in  an  aponeu- 
rotic sheath  ;  and,  in  its  course,  has  three  or  four 
transverse  aponeurotic  intersections.  It  bends 
the  chest  on  the  pelvis,  and  conversely. 

RucTUS  A.NTEiuoii  BitKVis,  Rectus  capitis  in- 
terims minor  —  r.  Anterior  longus,  R.  capitis  in- 
ternus  major  —  r.  Capitis  anticus  longus,  R.  c. 
iiiternus  major. 

Rectus  Capitis  iNTEtiNtis  MA.roR,  R.  intemus 

major  seu  anterior  louijim  seu  capitis  oiiti'cus 
Iniiijus,  (F.)  Triichelo-boiiiloire,  Grand  droit  an- 
th-ie.iir  de  Id  tete.  This  muscle  is  long  in  propor- 
tion to  its  breadth,  flat,  and  broader  above  than 
below.  It  is  situate  at  the  anterior  and  lateral 
part  of  the  neck,  and  arises  from  the  transverse 
processes  of  the  third,  fourth,  fifth,  and  sixth 
cervical  vertebrie.  It  is  inserted  into  the  basilary 
process  of  the  occipital  bone. 

Rkct(is  Capitis  Intrrnus  Minor,  R.  iufertius 
minor  seu  (Ulterior  brevii,  Ren'ueni,  An'nuenn, 
(¥.]  Petit  trachilo-bnuHiiire,  Petit  droit  unterieur 
de  In  tete.  This  is  situate  deeper  than  the  last. 
It  is  thin,  flattened,  irregularly  quadrilateral, 
and  passes  from  the  anterior  surface  of  the  body 
of  the  first  vertebra,  near  the  origin  of  the  trans- 
verse process,  to  be  inserted  into  the  basilary 
process. 

Rectus  Capitis  Latera'lis,  R.  lateralis  seu 
lalern'lis  FaHo'pii,  TronHverHa'lin  anti'ciin  pri- 
mus, (F.)  Tracfie/o-at/o'ido-basilaire,  Atlo'ido- 
sous-occipital  (Ch.),  Droit  lateral  de  la  tete. 
There  is  a  muscle  of  this  name  on  each  side  of 
the  head.  It  is  flat,  quadrilateral,  and  passes 
from  the  transverse  process  of  the  atlas  to  the 
occiput,  behind  the  jugular  fossa.  It  inclines  the 
head  to  one  side. 

Rectus  Capitis  Posti'cits  Ma.ior,  R.  }fajor 
seu  Capitis  poHti'ciis  minor  (Albinus),  Spini-ax- 
oido-occi  pita' lis,  (P.)  Axoido-occipitale  (Ch.), 
Grand  droit  poslSricur  de  la  tete.  A  flat,  trian- 
gular muscle,  situate  at  the  posterior  and  superior 
part  of  the  neck.  It  extends  from  the  spinous 
process  of  the  second  cervical  vertebra  to  the 
external  surface  of  the  lower  semicircular  ridge 
of  the  occipital  bone.  This  muscle  extends  the 
head,  inclines  it  to  one  side,  and  causes  it  to  ex- 
perience (I  rotary  motion,  which  directs  the  face 
to  its  side. 

Recti's  Capitis  Posti'cits  Minor,  R.  minor, 

(F. )  Tnbrr-alhndo-occipital,  Atlo'ido-occipital 
(Ch.),   J^etit  droit  poatirieur  de  la  tite.     A  flat, 


triangular  muscle,  situate  beneath  the  last,  which 
passes  from  the  posterior  arch  of  the  atlas  to  the 
occipital  bone.     It  extends  the  head. 

Rectus  Capitis  Posticus  Minor,  R.  c.  p. 
major  —  r.  Cruris,  R.  femoris. 

Rectus  Externus  Oc' vi,\.  Abductor  oculi,  In- 
dignabun'dus,  Indignato'rius,  Iracnn'diis,  Oc'u- 
Inni  movens  aecun'dus,  Orbito-extus-sclerolicien. 
All  the  recti  muscles  of  the  eye,  four  in  number, 
arise  from  the  bottom  of  the  orbit,  and  are  in- 
serted into  the  sclerotic  coat  of  the  eye.  The 
Rectus  crternus,  (F.)  Droit  externe.  Irascible  ou 
Abducleur,  is  divided,  at  its  posterior  extremity, 
into  two  portions,  one  of  which  is  attached  to  the 
outer  part  of  the  foramen  opticum,  and  the  other 
to  the  sphenoid  bone. 

Rectus  Fem'oris,  Rectus  seu  Grac"ilis  ante- 
rior seu  cruris,  (F.)  Jlio-rotulien,  Droit  ante- 
rieiir  dc  la  cnisse.  A  straight  muscle,  seated  at 
the  anterior  part  of  the  thigh.  It  extends  from 
the  anterior  and  inferior  spine  of  the  ilium  and 
the  cotyloid  cavity  of  the  patella.  This  muscle 
extends  the  leg  upon  the  thigh,  and  conversely. 
It  can,  also,  bend  the  thigh  upon  the  pelvis  or 
carry  the  pelvis  forward. 

Rectus  Inferior  Oculi,  Depres'sor  ocidi,  Tim'- 
idus,  Dep'rimens,  Ilu'inilis,  Oc'ulum  movens  quar- 
tns,  (F.)  S'ous-optico-spheno-scleroticien,  Droit  in- 
ferieur  ou  abuisseur  de  I'ceil,  Muscle  humble, 
arises  below  the  optic  foramen,  from  the  sphenoid 
bone.     It  depresses  the  eye. 

Rectus  Intrrnus  Oc'ui.i,  Addu'cens  oculi,  Bi- 
bito'rius,  Oculi  adductor,  Oculum  movens  primus, 
(F.)  Orbito-intus-scleroticien,  Droit  interne  de 
I'ceil  ou  adducteur  ou  buvenr.  It  arises  from  the 
sphenoid  at  the  inferior  part  of  the  foramen  opti- 
cum.    It  turns  the  eye  towards  the  nose. 

Rectus  Superior  Oculi,  Attol'lens  oculi  seu 
oc'ulum,  Leva'tor  seu  Eleva'tor  oculi,  Superbus, 
Oculum  movens  tertius,  (F.)  Sus-optico-spheno- 
srleroticien,  Droit  superieur  ou  Eleoaleur  de  I'ceil, 
Dedaiijneux,  is  attached  to  the  circumference  of 
the  foramen  opticum. 

All  the  recti  muscles  are  concerned  in  the 
voluntary  motions  of  the  eye.  The  oblique  mus- 
cles have  been  supposed  by  Sir  C.  Bell  to  execute 
the  involuntary. [?J 

Rectus  Inferior  Femoris,  Gracilis  —  r.  In- 
ternus  major,  R.  capitis  internus  major  —  r.  In- 
ternus  minor,  R.  capitis  internus  minor  —  r.  La- 
teralis, R.  capitis  lateralis  —  r.  Lateralis  Fallopii, 
R.  capitis  lateralis  —  r.  Major,  R.  capitis  posticus 
major    -r.  Minor,  R.  capitis  posticus  minor. 

ilECUBITORIUM,  Anaclinterium. 

RECUPERATION,  Restauratio. 

RECU'PERATIVE, /?eci(';)e/V(/ory.  from  recu- 
peratio,  '  recovery.'  Restorative.  Recovering. 
Belonging  to  recovery. 

RECUR'RENT,  Recur'rens,  from  reeurrere, 
(re,  and  currere),  'to  run  back.'  A  name  given 
to  several  arterial  and  nervous  branches,  which 
seem  to  re-ascend  towards  the  origin  of  the  trunk 
whence  they  emanate. 

Recurrent  Autrries.  This  name  has  been 
given  to  several  arteries  of  the  forearm,  and  to 
one  of  the  leg.  In  \\ie  forearm,  there  are,  1.  The 
Radittl  recurrent,  Artere  recurrente  de  Fepicon- 
di/le  (Ch.l,  which  arises  from  the  su|)erior  part 
of  the  radial,  and  ascends  between  the  supinator 
longus,  s.  brevis,  and  the  brachialis  internus.  2. 
The  anterior  cubital  recurrent,  A.  recurrente  de 
I'epltrochlee  (Ch.),  which  arises  from  the  upper 
and  inner  part  of  the  cubital,  and  ascends  he- 
tween  the  pronator  teres  and  brachialis  internus. 
3.  The  posterior  cubital  recurrent,  which  arises 
from  the  preceding  artery,  or  from  the  cubital 
itself,  and  ascends  between  the  olecranon  and  in- 
ternal tuberosity  of  the  humerus.  4.  The  poste- 
rior radial  recurrent,  A.  recurrente  olecrnnienite 


RECURVATIO 


792 


REGURGITATION 


(Cli.)-  It  arises  from  the  posterior  interosseous, 
anil  aseends  between  the  posterior  cubiial  and 
anconeus  muscles.  In  the  /eg,  —  the  Arleria  re- 
r.iinetii  tihia'liii,  A.  recnrreiite  da  f/eiion  (Ch.),  is 
furnished  by  the  anterior  tibial,  and  ascends  to 
the  tibialis  anticus  muscle. 

Recurrrnt  Bandagrs  are  formed  by  convo- 
lutions of  bandages,  which  make  a  kind  of  cap  for 
the  part — as  the  head — to  which  they  are  applied. 
RECURVATIO,  see  Hump. 
RECUTITUS,  Apella. 
REDBEAN,  Abrus  precatorius. 
REDBERRY,    Arbutus  uva   ursi,  Gaultheria, 
Panax  quinquefolium — r.  Bitter,  Cornus  Florida 
■ — r.  Swamp,  Vaccinium  oxycoceos. 
REDGOWN,  Strophulus. 
RED  HEAD,  Asclepias  Curassavica. 
REDMAILKES,  Papaver  rhceas. 
REDKOD,  Cornus  sericea. 
RED  BOOT,  Cclastrus,  Lachnanthes  tinctoria, 
Sanguitiaria  Canadensis. 

REDSHANKS,  Polygonum  persiearia. 
BED  WATER  TREE,  see  Sassy  Bark. 
REDIMICULUM.  Diadema. 
REDliXGOrES  ANGLALSES,  see  Condom. 
REDINTEGRATIO,    Regeneration,    Restau- 
ratio. 

REDIVIA,  Paronychia. 
JIEDONDANCE,  Plethora. 
ltEDOUnLE^fENT,E\».cerhtii\oxl,Viiro\yim. 
REDRESSEUR    UTERIN,    Pessary,   intra- 
uterine. 

REDS,  Menses. 

REDUCTIO.  Reduction,  Taxis— r.  Praeputii 
Impedita,  Phimosis. 

REDUCTION,  Rediic'tio,  Repoi,ii")o,  Resti- 
tii'tio,  Diap'lanis,  Diaplan'mus,  Si/iitnx'is,  from 
redncere,  rednctiini,  {re,  and  diieere,  ductnm,  '  to 
lead,')  '  to  bring  back.'  A  surgical  operation,  the 
object  of  which  is  to  restore  displaced  parts  to 
their  original  .situation.  Thus,  we  say  the  reduc- 
tion of  a  luxation,  when  the  displaced  parts  are 
again  brought  to  their  proper  relative  situation. 
The  reduction  of  a  hernia  is  the  restoration  of  the 
protruded  parts  to  the  cavity  of  the  abdomen. 
This  is,  also,  called  Taxis. 

In  pharmacy,  the  process  of  restoring  oxides, 
chlorides,  sulphurets,  Ac,  to  the  metallic  state. 
REDUNDANTIA,  Plethora. 
REDUVIA,  Paronychia. 
RERD  MACE,  Typha  latifolia. 
REFECTIO,  Restauratio. 
REFECTIVA,  Analeptica. 
REFECTUS.  Restauratio. 
REFICIENTIA,  Analeptica. 
REFLECTION,  Rejlex'io,  (re,  and  Jlecto,  flee- 
liim,  'to  bend.')     A    bending   or  turning   back. 
Duplicnture. 

REFLECTOR  EPIGLOT'TIDIS.  A  muscle, 
which  arises  from  the  arytenoid  cartilage  and  in- 
ner part  of  the  thyroid,  and  is  inserted  into  the 
lateral  edges  of  the  epielottis. 

REFLEX  MOVEMENTS,  see  Motion— r.  Sys- 
tem of  nerves,  see  Excito-motory,  and  Nerves. 

REFLEXIO,  Reflection— r.  Palpebrarum,  Ec- 
tropion. 

REFORME,  Invaliding. 

REFRACTION,  Re/mc'tw,  Phntocnmp'sh, 
Dla'clftnie,  from  re,  and  /rnn</ere,  /ractiim,  '  to 
break.'  The  change  of  direction  which  rays  of 
light  experience  when  they  pass  obliquely  from 
one  medium  into  another  of  different  density.  If 
the  light  passes  from  a  rarer  to  a  denser  medium, 
it  approaches  the  perpendicular  raised  at  the 
point  of  immersion.  The  contrary  occurs,  when 
it  goes  fniin  a  denser  to  a  rarer  medium.  The 
theory  of  lenses,  telescopes,  and  of  the  eye,  rests 
entirely  on  this  property  of  light. 


REFRIGERANT,  see  Alembic. 

REFRIC'ERANTS,  Re/,!,jera„'tfa,  P„jch'ti. 
en,  Aiilit/ier'iiia,  Friye/iicieii'tia,  {¥.)  Riifriitvhia- 
Hiiitln,  Refriijeratifs,  DestiUiriintu,  from  re,  iilid 
/ric/ere,  '  to  coi)].'  Medicines  which  depress  the 
morbid  temperature  of  the  body.  The  chief  re- 
puted refrigerants  are  the  Potassac  Nitrns  [?],  the 
Sodas  Boras  [?],  but  chiefly  the  abstraction  of 
caloric  by  ice  and  ice-drinks,  cold  water,  cold 
lemonades,  soda-water,  and  effervescing  draughts 
internally  ;  and  externally,  cool  air,  cold  water, 
evaporating  lotions,  and  frigorific  mixtures. 

REFRIGERA  TIES,  Refrigerants, 

REFRIGERATOR,  see  Alembic. 

REGENERATIO,  Reproduction. 

REGENERA'TION,  Regenera'lio,  Palhit/en'- 
esin,  Rediutegra'tio,  from  re,  and  geiierare,  gnte- 
ratiim,  '  to  beget.'  Reproduction  of  a  part  of  the 
body,  which  has  been  destroyed. 

REG"IMEN,  (F.)  Regime,  from  regere,  'to 
govern.'  The  rational  and  methodical  use  of 
food,  and  of  everything  essential  to  life;  both  in 
a  state  of  health  and  disease.  It  is  often  restricted, 
in  its  meaning,  to  Diet.  It  is  sometimes  used 
sj'nonymously  with  hygiene. 

REGIME  SANITAIEE  and  SYSTEME 
SANITAIHE,  mean  the  measures  and  regular 
tions  adopted  to  prevent  the  development  and 
propagation  of  diseases  reputed  to  be  pestilential, 
—  especially  plague,  yellow  fever,  and  cholera. 

REGINA  PRATI,  Spiraea  ulmaria. 

REGIO,  Region. 

Regio  Auricularis.     The  region  of  the  ear. 

Regio  Bucca'lis.     The  region  of  the  cheek. 

Regio  Cardiaca,  Epigastric  region. 

Regio  Cervica'lis.  The  region  of  the  neck. 
The  cervical  region. 

Regio  Epigastrica,  Epigastrium. 

Regio  Faoia'ms.     The  facial  region. 

Regio  Frontalis.     The  frontal  region. 

Regio  Gastrica,  Umbilical  region  —  r.  Ilypo- 
gastrica,  see  Hypogastrium  — r.  Hypochondriaca, 
Hypochondre  —  r.  lliaca.  Iliac  region  —  r.  Ingui- 
nalis,  Inguinal  region — r.  Ischiadica,  Ischiadic 
region — r.  Jugalis,  Jugal  region  —  r.  Lumbalis, 
Lumbi — r.  Mentalis,  Mental  region — r.  Mcsogas- 
trica,  Umbilical  region — r.  Nasalis,  Nasal  region 
— r.  Nuchae,  Nuchal  region — r.  Nuchalis,  Nuchal 
region — r.  Occipitalis,  Occiput — r.  Occipitalis  in- 
ferior. Nuchal  region — r.  Perinaei,  Perinicura  — 
r.  Praecordiaca,  Praecordial  region — r.  Pubis, 
Pubic  region  —  r.  Stomachalis,  Epigastric  region 
— r.  Stomachica,  Epigastric  region — r.  Tempora- 
lis, Temple  —  r.  Umlailicalis,  Umbilical  region. 

RE'GION,  iJt-'jio.  Same  etymon.  Anatomists 
have  called  regions,  determinate  spaces  on  the 
surface  of  the  body  or  of  difl'erent  organs.  Thus, 
the  abdomen  has  been  divided  into  several;  to 
which  difl'erent  names  have  been  given.  See 
Abdomen,  Epigastrium,  Ilypochondrium,  Hypo- 
gastrium. 

REGION  OMBILICALE,  Umbilical  region. 

REGIONAL  ANATOMY,  see  Anatomy. 

REGIES,  Menses  —  r.  Bevies,  Menstruation, 
vicarious  —  r.  Dijffieiles,  Dysinenorrhoea. 

REGLISSE,  Glycyrrhiza. 

REGNE  ANIMAL,  see  Animal. 

REG'ULAR,  Regida'ris,  from  regtda,  (regere, 
'to  govern,')  'a  rule.'  According  to  rule.  Ap- 
plied to  the  types  of  a  disease,  and  to  the  pulse, 
when  according  to  rule. 

Regular  Practit"ioner.  One  who  practises 
his  profession  according  to  the  rules  established 
by  law  or  custom. 

REGULUS  ANTIMONII,  Antimonium. 

REGURGITA'TION,  Regurgita't'io.  The  act 
by  which  a  canal  or  reservoir  throws  back  sub- 


K  h  I F 


9  3 


REMORA 


gtnnces  accumulftted  in  it.  Mitml  regurrjltntion, 
for  example,  means  the  reflux  of  blood  tlirou^li 
the  left  iitiriculo-ventricular  opening,  during  the 
coiitriiction  of  the  left  ventricle.  Regnrgitation 
ic  niso  :i|i|ili('il  to  the  ]ti(kiiir/  or  pomn'tliiiii  of 
infants  ;  and  to  the  rinimj  of  solids  or  fluids  into 
the  mouth  in  the  adult, — from  re,  and  </'>'"'/c, 
{ijiin/en),  'the  throat.'  (F.)  Rajiport.  What  is 
called  "  vomiting  at  pleasure"  is  regurgitation. 

The  substances  brought  into  the  mouth  by  re- 
gurgitation, the  French  call  Renvois. 

KEIF,  Psora. 

RKIN,  Kidney. 

REINE  DBS  PRES,  Spirsea  ulraaria. 

REINERZ,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Rein- 
erz  is  a  small  town  in  .Silesia,  three  Gorman  miles 
from  Glatz.  The  waters  are  acidulous  chaly- 
beates.  The  principal  springs  are  the  tepid 
drinking  spring,  the  cold  spring,  and  three  bath- 
ing springs. 

REINFORCE'MENT,  FASCICULUS  OF,  F. 
Cniirii'tiin.  A  band  of  fibres  from  the  corpus  in- 
vi'iin'iiuiiim,  or  lateral  part  of  the  antero-lateral 
coliiiiiu  of  the  medulla,  which  is  continued  up 
beliiiiil  and  around  the  corpus  olivare,  is  lined  on 
its  inner  or  central  surface  with  cineritious  sub- 
stance, enlarges  as  it  ascends,  passes  over  the 
upper  surface  of  the  pons  Varolii,  and  is  expanded 
into  the  optic  thalamus.  It  thus  forms,  in  its 
course,  the  anterior  paries  of  the  fourth  ventricle, 
and  is  brought  into  view  by  brushing  away  the 
tiihercn/nin  ciuereiini  or  gray  matter  of  the  ven- 
tricle. The  band  has  received  these  names  owing 
to  its  constantly  increasing  as  it  ascends,  and  be- 
ing mixed  up  with  gray  matter  on  its  inner  face, 
from  which  its  seems  to  derive  new  fibres. 

REINS,  Kidneys,  Lumbi. 

RE.JEC no, -/l})a</o'(/e,  from  rejicere,  rejecttim, 
(re,  and  /'(ffce,  'to  cast,')  'to  east  back.'  Every 
excretion  by  the  mouth, — spitting,  expectoration, 
regurgitation,  or  vomiting. 

Rbjectio  Sanguinis  e  Pulmonibus,  Haemo- 
ptysis. 

REJUVENES'CENCE,  Rejuveueicen'tia,  from 
re,  'again.'  and  jiivcneaccns,  'growing  young:' 
(junenis,  '  a  youth'.)  A  renewal  of  youth.  The 
state  of  being  young  again.  The  assumption  of 
the  characteristics  of  youth  by  the  aged, 

EELAGHANT,  Relaxant. 

RELACHEMEXT,  Relaxation. 

RELAPSE,  Hypot'rope,  Epis'/rophe,  Hi/pns'- 
triiphe,  Miirtii  reridi'vn,  Hi/polroptitn'niiis,  from 
re,  '  again,'  and  l<tbor,l<ipi>ii'i,  '  I  fall  down.'  The 
return  of  a  disease,  during,  or  shortly  after,  con- 
valescence. The  French  use  Rechute  in  this 
sense;  and  Recidive  (Moi^hiis  reciWi'uns)  for  the 
return  of  a  complaint,  at  a  greater  or  less  period 
after  the  complete  recovery  of  health. 

The  terms  Relaps>i\)j  fever,  Short  fever,  Fi've- 
daij  fever,  Seveit-diii/  fever,  Bil'ioufi  Remitt'ent 
fever,  Remiltiiif/  Ic'teric  fever,  and  3fild  Ye/low 
fever,  (F.)  Fiivre  d  rechiite,  have  been  given  to  a 
form  of  continued  fever,  which  has  occasionally 
appeared  ei)idemically,  as  in  Edinburgh,  in  1843 
and  1847,  and  was  generally  atteniled  with 
icteric  symptoms.  The  main  phenomena  disap- 
peared at  about  the  end  of  a  week:  but  in  many 
cases  a  relapse  occurred  about  the  end  of  a  fort- 
night.    Few  died  of  the  affection. 

RELAPSING  FEVER,  see  Relapse. 

RELATIO.  Rapport. 

RELATION,  FUNCTIONS  OF,  see  Function. 

RELAX'ANT,  Lnxaim,  .}falact'ieum,  Chalns'- 
ticiiiii,  Paret'icum.  (F.)  Reldchiiut,  from  re,  and 
laj:are,  'to  loosen.'  A  uiediciao  which  diminishes 


the  tension  of  organs.  Mucilaginous  andfatty 
substances  are  relaxants. 

RELAXANTIA,  Emollients. 

RELAXATIO  CORDIS  ET  ARTERIARUM, 
Diastole. 

RELAXA'TION,  ReJoxa'tio.  Same  etymon- 
Chala'aiif,  Chahin'mos,  (F)  Reldchement.  In  Ph^j- 
aioloffi/.  relaxation  is  opposed  to  contraction.  In 
Palhologji,  it  means  great  looseness  of  a  part. 

RELE  VE-  PA  UriERE.  An  instrument  for 
raising  the  eyelid. 

RELEVEUR  BE  L'ANUS,  Levator  ani — 
r.  de  la  Leore  inferienre.  Levator  labii  inferioris 
—  r.  da  lleiiton,  Levator  labii  inferioris  —  r.  de 
rOinoplate,  Levator  scapulae  —  r.  de  la  Prostate, 
Levator  prostatas  —  r.  de  V  Urethre,  Levator  ure- 
throe. 

RELIG"IOUS  DISEASES,  (F.)  Maladies  re- 
lii/ieiiees.  Diseases  affecting  the  nervous  system, 
and  arising  from  the  excitment  of  religious  emo- 
tions.     See  C(i?ivi(hionnaire. 

RELTQUAT,  (F.)  The  remnant  or  remains 
of  a  disease. 

REMAK  FIBRES,  see  Fibres,  Remak. 

REMANSIO  MENSIUM,  Amenorrhoea. 

REMEDE,  Clyster,  Medicament— r.  du  Ga- 
pnchin.  Liquor  hydrargyri  nitrici — -r.  de  Durande, 
Liquor  anodynus  terebinthinatus  —  r.  du  Due 
d'Aiitin,  Liquor  hydrargyri  nitrici. 

REMEDIAL,  Medicinal. 

REMEDIATE,  MedicinaL 

REMEDILESS,  Incurable. 

REMEDIUM,  .Juvans,  Medicament —  r.  Den- 
tifricium,  Dentifrice. 

REMEDY,  Medicament— r.  English,  Cinchona. 

REMISSIO,  Decline,  Remission —r.  Cordis  et 
Arteriaruin,  Diastole  —  r.  Morbi,  Remission  —  r. 
Virium,  Atony. 

REMIS'SION,  Renris'sio,  Epan'esis,  An'esis, 
Siibinis'sio,  Aph'esis,  Eii'doais,  Meio'sis,  from  re- 
mi  ttere,  (re,  and  mittere,  missum,  '  to  send'), 
'  to  relax.'  In  a  more  extensive  signification,  a 
temporary  diminution  of  the  symptoms  of  a  dis- 
ease, either  acute  or  chronic,  Remis'sio  morbi. 
Diminution  in  the  febrile  symptoms,  such  as 
occurs  in  a  remittent  fever  between  the  exacer- 
bations. 

REMETTC,  Medicament. 

REMITTENS  ICTERODES,  Fever,  yellow. 

REMIT'TENT,  Remit'tens.  Same  etymon. 
Any  disease  which  presents  remissions. 

Remittent  of  Childken,  Fever,  infantile  re- 
mittent. 

Remittent  Fever,  Febris  remit'tens,  Epan'e- 
tus,  Exac"erbntlng,  paroxymul,  sub-continual, 
endem'ic,  endem'ial  or  endem'icnl  fever,  (F.)  Fii- 
vre  rimiltente,  is  one  which  strikingly  exacerbates 
and  remits,  but  without  intermission.  The  ordi- 
nary bilious  fever  of  the  United  States  is  a  simple 
remittent — Epanetua  mitis,  (F.)  Fievre  rimittente 
simple. 

Remittent  Fever,  Bilious,  Remittent  fever, 
see  Relapse. 

Remitting  Icteric  Fever,  see  Relapse. 

REM'ORA,  from  remornri,  (re,  and  mora,  'de- 
lay,) 'to  arrest.'  Stoppage,  stagnation,  —  as  of 
blood.  Also,  the  name  of  two  surgical  instru- 
ments, intended  to  retain  parts  i)i  situ.  The 
one  was  used,  formerly,  in  castration,  to  prevent 
the  intestines  from  protruding  at  the  inguinal 
ring:  the  other,  called  Rcmora  Hilda'ni,  (F.) 
Arret  d'Hildan,  Echene'is,  was  employed  to 
maintain  fractures  and  luxations  reduced.  It  is 
not  now  used. 


REN 


■94 


RETRODUCTION 


Rf.mora  Arathi,  Ononis  spinosa. 

REN,  Kidney. 

IIEXAL,  Rena'Us,  from  Ren,  'the  kidney.' 
That  which  relates  to  the  kidney. 

Rknal  Artekies,  Emii!g"ei>t  Arten'eD,  nre  very 
large  and  short,  and  commonly  two  in  number — 
one  to  each  kidney.  They  arise  from  the  sides 
of  the  abdominal  aorta,  forming  with  it  a  right 
angle.  The  left  is  commonly  a  little  more  ante- 
rior and  elevated  than  the  right.  After  a  short 
course,  they  arrive  at  the  fissure  of  the  kidney, 
Vvhere  they  divide,  before  entering  it,  into  three 
or  four  very  considerable  branches. 

Renal  Capsule,  Capsule,  renal — r.  Nerve,  see 
Splanchnic  Nerves. 

Renal  Plex'uses,  Emnlg"ent  Plexvses.  These 
are  two  : — one  on  each  side.  They  proceed  from 
fasciculi  of  the  solar  and  coeliac  plexuses;  from 
the  outer  side  of  the  semilunar  ganglion  and  the 
final  expansion  of  the  small  splanchnic  nerves. 
These  plexuses  begin  by  three  or  four  ganglions, 
situate  at  the  commencement  of  the  renal  arterj- ; 
and  they  give  off  from  their  circumference  many 
fine,  straight  filaments,  which  do  not  anastomose, 
and  which  enter  the  kidney  with  the  divisions 
of  the  renal  artery.  These  divisions  they  ac- 
company. 

Renal  Veins,  Emnlgent  Veiiii.  These  are 
very  large.  Their  roots  follow  the  same  course 
as  the  arteries  in  the  substance  of  the  kidney. 
In  the  fissure  or  pelvic  portion  of  the  kidney, 
they  unite  into  a  single  trunk,  which  pa.sses 
transversely  inwards,  and  opens  at  the  side  of  the 
vena  cava  descendens. 

RENCnUS,  Snoring,  Stertor. 

REN'CULUS,  lienir'iilitu,  Ren'nhm,  diminutive 
of  7ieii,  'a  kidney.'  A  small  kidney.  A  lobe  of 
the  kidney. 

RENDLES,  Rennet. 

RENEAL'MIA  EXALTA'TA,  Alphi'w  exal- 
tn'tn  seu  tiihula'tn.  A  plant  of  British  Guiana, 
which  is  possessed  of  diaphoretic  and  diuretic 
properties  ;  and.  in  large  doses,  is  emetic.  It  is 
much  used  there  in  dropsy,  rheumatism,  dysen- 
tery, &c.  The  bruised  rhizoma  is  the  part  em- 
ployed. 

RENES  SUCCENTURIATI,  Capsules,  renal. 

RENICULUS,  Renculus. 

RENIFORM.  Nephroid. 

RENNES.  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Ther- 
mal salines  in  the  department  of  Aube,  France, 
containing  carbonic  acid  and  chloride  of  magne- 
sium.    Temperature  103  to  121°,  of  Fahr. 

PiENNET,  Jiunnet,  Cocu/'ulnm,  vvrta,  mieria, 
Pytin,  Pyet'ia,  from  (G.)  gerinnen,  'to  coagu- 
late' [?],  (F.)  Cnille-Iaif.  When  the  fourth  sto- 
mach or  AhomnsKH  of  the  calf  is  salted  and  dried, 
it  possesses  the  property  of  coagulating  milk, 
when  a  portion  of  it  is  soaked  in  water,  and  the 
infusion — Rennet,  Rendlcs,  Ronnhig,  (Prov.) 
Enrning,  Preaser,  Read,  Running,  Steep  —  is 
added  to  milk. 

Rennet  Whey,  see  Serum  lactis. 

RENONCULE,  Ranunculus— r.  Bulheuse,  Ra- 
nunculus bulbosus. 

RENOJJEE.  Polygonum  aviculare — r.  Acre, 
Polygonum  hydropiper. 


REXOVEUn,(¥.)  Rchontenr,Rl,nh;Ucnr Jrnm 
re,  and  noner,  {nodno,  'a  knot,')  'to  lie  or  knit 
again.'  A  bone-dmlor  : — a  bone-ncller.  One 
who  makes  a  trade  of  reducing  fractures  and 
dislocations. 

RENOVATIO,  Anancosis. 

RENSSELAERIA  VIRGINICA,  Peltandra 
Virginica. 

RENUENS,  Rectus  capitis  internus  minor. 

RENULUS,  Renculus. 

RENUM  ATONIA,  Nephratonia  — r.  Paraly- 
sis, Nephratonia. 

RENUNCIATIO,  Rapport. 

RENVERSEMENT  DE  LA  LANGUE,  Pa- 
raglossa  —  r.  de  la  Matriee,  Uterus,  inversion  of 
the — r.  den  Paiipieres,  Ectropion — r.  du  Rirlum, 
Proctocele — r.  de  la  Vesaie,  Exocyste,  Exslrophia 
of  the  bladder. 

RENVOIS,  see  Regurgitation, 

REPANDATIO,  Lordosis. 

REPARATION,  Restauratio. 

REPAR'ATIVE,  Repar'atory.  Having  the 
power  of  restoring  or  repairing. 

REPELLENTIA,  Repellents. 

REPEL'LENTS,  Repellen'tia,  Repercut!en't!a, 
Apocrnn'tica,  Repercnv'si'res,  (F. )  R^pereiisnifn, 
from  re,  and  pcUere,  '  to  drive.'  Medicines  which, 
when  applied  to  a  tumefied  part,  cause  the  fluids, 
that  render  it  tumid,  to  recede,  as  it  were,  from 
it.  Astringents,  cold  water,  ice,  Ac,  are  repel- 
lents. 

REPERCUSSTFS,  Repellents. 

REPERCUSSIO,  Contra-fissura,  Repercussion. 

REPERCIIS'SION,  Repercim'sio,  Anae'lanlH, 
from  re,  and  percutio,  percnsHum ,  {per,  and  qiintrre, 
'to  shake  or  batter,')  'I  strike  back.'  Disnp- 
pearance  of  a  tumour  or  cutaneous  eruption,  in 
consequence  of  the  application  of  a  repellent. 
The  action  of  a  repellent  remedy.  The  French 
writers  use  the  term  Delitescenre,  DeliteHceii'fin, 
for  the  sudden  disappearnnce  of  a  tumour,  in- 
flammation, eruptive  disease,  or  purulent  collce- 
tion,  without  the  disease  occurring  in  any  other 
part  of  the  body :  in  this  respect  delitescence 
differs  from  metastasis  :  Delitefeenve  of  an  inflatn- 
mation  or  '  sudden  disappearance'  is  distinguished 
by  certain  French  pathologists  from  Renolution. 
Repercussion  also  means  Ballolfemcnt. 

REPERCUSSIVES,  Repellents. 

REPERCUTIENTIA,  Repellents. 

REPLETION,  Fulness,  Plethora. 

REPTA   LONGITUDINAL    DE  LA    3IE- 

NINGE,  Falx  cerebr^ 

REPOSITIO,  Anaplasis,  Reduction,  Taxis. 

REPOUSSOIR,  Punch— r.  d'Aretes,  Probang. 

REPRIMENS,  Epischeticus. 

REPRODUCTION,  Repmdnc'tio,  Regenera'. 
ti'o,  from  re,  and  prndncere,  prodiicfiim,  (pro,  and 
ducere.)  The  function  by  which  living  boilies 
produce  bodies  similar  to  themselves.  See  Gene- 
ration. As  a  general  remark,  it  will  be  found 
true,  that  the  larger  animals  are  uniparons;  find 
the  smaller,  which  are  more  exposed  to  destruc- 
tion, multiparous.  The  mammalia  being  of  the 
same  natural  class  as  man,  it  may  be  useful  to 
compare  them  in  this  respect. 


REI'RODUCTION 


RES   CONTRA-NATUr.AM 


COMPARATIVE  TABLE  OF  REPRODUCTION  IN  THE  CLASS  MAMMALIA. 


Speaes. 


Primates. 

Man 

MniiUoys  (large) 

Do.        (loMj,'  tailed) 

Cnrnirora, 

W-nt 

Uailirer 

llcdiiclKiB 

Koricl 

Oiler 

Polecat, 
Marten, 
Weasel,  and 
Kriiiliie, 
Dldelphiis,  \ 

Opossiiiii,  and  \ 

Philander,         > 

Lion 

Tiuer,      ; 

Leopard  (  

Lvnx  

VVild  Cat  

Woir 

Dnjf.  in  the  most  } 
natural  state,    j  •  ••• 

Fox 

Jackall    

Isatis  

Phoca   

Hoite.ntia. 

Squirrel 

Klyins  Squirrel 

Ondatra   

Beaver 

Flare 

Kalihlt 

Rat 

Mouse 

Marmot 

CIninea  V\n 

Uonnoiise 

Edentata. 
Armadilla 

RuminuMtia. 

Camel 

Droinedarv 

Bnffiilo    .; 

Beef 

Lama 

Reindeer 

Hiirk  and  Uoe 

Roelniek 

Saica  (Antelope) 

ClianioisaiuiVViUlGoat 

Coat 

Mnsimon   

Sheep  

Solipeiles. 

riorse 

Ass 

Zehra 

Pnr/iijdcrmnta. 

Iloff    ....' 

Klephant 

Rhinoceros 

Hippopotamus   

Morse    


Aee  oiipalile  of  en- 

Duraiion  of  gesta- 

Number of  vouns  ut 

ReudennK. 

tion. 

each  bnlli. 

tlie  function. 

14  years 

9  monlhs 

1  lo3  i 
Do.    f 
Do.    S 

:i  yeiirs 

7  nionths 

At    a  soinew  ha'    ad- 

2 years 

G  months 

vanced  ai;e. 

2  years 

112  days 

1  to  4 

2.5  lo  30  years. 

3  to  4 
3  too 

20  10  25  years. 

1  vnar 

1  inc.  and  10  days 

11  iiioiilhs 

Do. 

5  to  9  twice  a  year 

Produces  during  life. 

3  nioMihs 
56  days 

3  to  4 

3  to  6 

4  to  6 
3  to  4 

before  1  year 

8  to  10  years. 

10  years.  (?) 
20  to  25  years. 

2  years 

3  to  4  months 

Do. 

3  months 

4  to  5 

Do. 

9  weeks 
Sfi  (lavs 

3  to  4 

4  to  (i 

before  1  year 

9  years. 

2  years 

73  days 

5  to  9 

15  to  20  years. 

lU  months 

C3  days 

3  to  6 

15  years. 

1  year 

2  nionths 

Do. 

10  or  12  years. 

Do. 

63  days 
3  months  (?) 

45  days 

5  io8 

2  to  3 
3  to  4  twice  a  year 

1  year 

Produces  during  life. 

3  lo  4 

3  lo  5 

2  to  3 
j  2  to  4  several  j 
i  times  a  vear   i 

Do. 
Lives  (i  years. 

Lives  8  years. 

I  year 

4  months 
30  days 

C  mnntlis 

Do. 

4  to  silo. 

Lives  8  or  9  years. 

Do. 

5  or  I)  weeks 

5  to  li  do. 

Produces  during  life. 

Do. 

1  nionih 

Do. 

Do. 

6  wenlis 

2  to  4 

Do. 

5  to  6  weeks 

3  weeks 

5  to  8  times  a  vear 

Do. 

X  year 

3  to  5 

4  times  a  year 

1 

7  to  8  years.  (?) 
40  to  ."SO  years. 

4  years 

11  months  or  1  y'r 

Do. 

Do. 

1 

Do. 

3  years 

9  months 

I 

15  10  IS  years. 

2  years 

Do. 

1  to  2 

9  years. 

Do. 
1 

2  years 

8  months 

Lives  16  years. 

l-J  year 

Do. 

1  to  2 

Lives  25  or  30  vears. 

Do. 

5  months 

Do. 

Lives  12  or  15  veais. 

1  year 

Do. 

Do. 

Lives  15  or  20  years. 

Do. 

Do. 

1,  2,  and  3 

Lives  18  or  20  years. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

7  years. 

U  vear 

Do. 

1  to  2 

8  or  10  years. 

1  year 

Do. 

Do. 

8  years. 

2i  years 

900  days 

1  to  2 

25  or  30  years. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

9  months  or  ]  year 

4  months 

10  to  oo 

15  years. 

1()  years  (?) 

9  to  11  nionths 

1  or  2 

Lives  70  years,  (?) 

5  years  (?) 

1  or  2  (?) 

1 

Lives  60  years.  (?) 

9  months 

REPRODUCTION  MERISMATIQUE,  see 
Generation. 

RKPl'LSORIUM.  Piineh, 

llEPUKOA'TIO,  Aiincnihctr'sh,  from  re,  and 
loiinjnrc.  'to  cleanse.'  Aecordins  to  Cnstelli  — 
pnrjiiition  l>y  transpiration  or  b.T  expeetorntion. 
iledieine.s  producing  this  effect  are  called  Repur- 
gaii'lio. 

RKQUTFS.  Acincsia. 

KEQUIETIO,  Afinesia. 


RES  CONTRA-NATU'RAM.  'Things  n.srninst 
nature,'  (F.)  Chosen  contre-nature,  are  those  tiling's 
which  tend  to  destroy  man; — as  disease,  and 
every  thing  connected  with  it. 

Rks  Culinauia,  Culinary  art — r.  Medica,  Me- 
dieina. 

Rrs  Natitka'lks,  (F.)  Chnses  nntureUen.  Those 
things,  which,  by  their  union,  were  conceived  to 
constitute  the  nature  of  man  ;  such  as  the  ele- 
ments, temperaments,  humours,  spirits,  <fcc. 


r£sea u 


96 


RESriRATION 


Res  NON  Natura'i,E«,  (F.)  Choses  non-uatu- 
relles.  Those  things  which,  nnciently,  formed 
the  matter  of  hygiene.     See  Non-naturals. 

Rks  Venkuea,  Coition— r.  Vesliaria,  Vestitus. 

ROSEAU,  Rete,  Reticulum  —  r.  Admimble, 
Rete  mirabile — r.  Intennedlarc,  see  Corpus  spon- 
giosum urethras  —  r.  Merveilleux,  Rete  mirabile. 

RESEGTIO,  Resection  —  r.  Articulorum,  see 
Resection. 

RESECTION,  Resec'tio,  from  resecare,  reaec- 
titm,  {re,  and  secare,) '  to  cut  off.'  A  name,  given, 
especially  by  the  French  surgeons,  to  operations 
ill  which  the  carious  extremities  of  long  bones,  or 
the  unconsolidated  extremities  of  fractured  bones 
forming  irregular  joints,  are  removed  with  the  saw. 
— Reitectio  articiilo'nmi,  Decapita'tio  articulo' rum. 

RESECTION,  see  Amputation. 

RESEDA  CRISPATA— r.  Luteola— r.  Lanceo- 
Inta  —  r.  Luteola. 

Resb'da  Lute'ola,/?.  lanceola'ta  seu  crispa'ta, 
Liile'ola.  Weld,  Dyer's  Weed.  A  European  plant 
naturalized  in  the  United  States,  which  was  at 
one  time  used  as  a  diaphoretic  and  diuretic. 

RESERANS,  Aperient, 

RESERVE  AIR,  see  Respiration. 

RESERVOIR  DE    LA    BILE,  Gall-bladder 

—  r.  da  Chyle,  Receptaculum  chyli  —  r.  des  Lur- 
iiies,  Lachrymal  sac — r.  of  Pecquet,  Receptaculum 
cliyli — r.  de  Pec(ji(et,  Receptaculum  chyli — r.  of 
the  Thymus,  see  Thymus. 

RESIDENTIA,  Sediment. 

RESIDUAL  AIR,  see  Respiration. 

RESIMUS,  Camus. 

RESIN,  Resi'ua,  Rheti'ne,  (F.)  Resiiie.  A  ve- 
getable product,  commonly  dry  and  concrete, 
more  or  less  brittle,  inodorous  or  slightly  odorous, 
insipid,  or  of  an  acrid  warm  taste;  of  a  smooth, 
glassy  fracture,  heavier  than  water,  inflammable, 
insoluble  in  water,  soluble  in  alcohol,  ether,  and 
yolk  of  egg,  and  negatively  electriCable  by  fric- 
tion. Many  resins  are  used  in  medicine;  the 
greater  part  are  purgative  and  irritating.  Some 
act  like  acrid  poisons. 

Rksi.v,  AcARoin,  see  Xanthorrhcea — r.  Botany 
Bay,  see  Xanthorrhcea — r.  Cayenne,  Caoutchouc 

—  r.  of  New  Holland,  see  Xanthorrhcea  —  r.  of 
the  Spruce  fir,  see  Pinus  abies  —  r.  of  Xanthor- 
rhcea, see  Xanthorrhcea. 

RESINA,  Resin  —  r.  Ahietis,  see  Pinus  abies, 
Pinus  picea — r.  Abietis  humida,  see  Pinus  abies 

—  r.  Abietis  sicca,  see  Pinus  abies — r.  Acaroides, 
see  Xanthorrhcea — r.  Alba,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — 
r.  Alba  humida,  see  Pinus  Abies — r.  Cayennensis, 
Caoutchouc — r.  Copal,  Copal — r.  Elastica,  Caout- 
chouc—  r.  Flava,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — r.  Fluida 
Canadensis,  see  Pinus  balsamea — r.  Jalapae,  Ex- 
traclum  jalapae  resinosum — r.  Juniperi,  Sandarac 

—  r.  Laricis,  see  Pinus  larix  —  r.  Lentiscina,  see 
Pistachia  lentiscus  —  r.  Liquida  pini  balsameas, 
see  Pinus  balsamea  —  r.  Liquida  pini  laricis,  see 
Pinus  larix — r.  Lutea  Novi  Belgii,  see  Xanthor- 
rhcea—  r.  Nigra,  Colophonia  —  r.  Pini,  see  Pinus 
sylvestris  —  r.  Pini  empyreumatica  liquida,  see 
Pinus  sylvestris — r.  Pini  abietis  sponte  concreta, 
see  Pinus  abies — r.  Strobiiina,  see  Pinus  balsamea, 
and  Piiius  mughos — r.  Terebinthi,  see  Pistacia 
torebinthus. 

RESINA'TUM,  Rhetino'ton.  An  epithet  for 
wine  impregnated  with  resin,  and  used  by  the 
ancients  as  a  stomachic. 

RESINE,  Resin  —  r.  de  Cayenne,  Caoutchouc 

—  r.  Elastique,  Caoutchouc  —  r.  de  Gaiac,  see 
Guaiacum — r.  Gonmrt,  see  Bursera  gummifera — 
r.  de  Lierre,  see  Hedera  heli.\. 

RESINOCE'RUM,  Rlielinoce'ron,  from  nnrLvr,, 
'resin,'  and  f»;/)Of,  '  wax.'  A  mixture  of  resi.Lai.d 
wax.  —  Galen. 

RESINOSA,  in  Pharmacy,  resinous  substances. 


RESOLVTIFS,  Discuticuts. 

RESOLUTIO,  Resolution — r.  Mcmbroruni,  Pa- 
ralysis. 

Resohitio  MoiiBi.  The  resolution  or  disap- 
pearance of  a  disease ;  especially  when  without 
any  critical  evacuation. 

Resolutio  et  Diabrosis  Ventriculi,  Gastro- 
malacia — r.  Nervorum,  Paralysis  —  r.  ^'ent^ieul^ 
autopeptica,  Gastromalacia — r.  Viriuui,  Dialysis. 

RESOLU'TION,  Rtnolu'tio,  DhcusUio,  from 
resolvere,  {re  and  salicre,  suliilioii,  '  to  loosen.') 
Removal  or  disappearance,  as  of  a  disease.  Re- 
solution is  one  of  the  terminations  of  inflamuia- 
tion,  in  which  the  inflamed  part  returns  gra- 
dually, and  without  suppuration,  to  the  healthy 
condition. 

RE  SOL  VTION  DES  ME31BRES,  Paralysis, 

RESOLVENTIA,  Discutients. 

RES'ONANCE,  (F.)  Reteulissement,  Rhon- 
nance,  Resonnenient,  from  re,  'again,'  and  sono, 
'I  sound.'  'A  return  of  sound.'  A  resounding; 
a  reverberation  of  sounds.  A  thrilling  of  the 
voice  more  loud  than  natural ;  or  its  existence  in 
a  part  where  it  is  not  heard  in  health,  —  as  de- 
tected by  auscultation.  A  thickened  and  hard- 
ened state  of  the  lungs,  caused  either  by  a  mass 
of  crude  tubercles,  or  by  inflammation,  is  gene- 
rally considered  to  produce  this  phenomenon,  by 
rendering  the  lung  a  better  conductor  of  the 
murmur  of  the  voice  in  the  bronchi.  Hence  the 
origin  of  the  term  Bronchoph'ony,  from  ji^oyxoi, 
'bronchus,'  and  ij>uivti,  'the  voice;'  (F.;  Voix 
hriDichiqtie,   Vuijc  tubfiire,   V.  botirdonminte. 

Resonance  is  also  used  in  the  sense  of  resound- 
ing; as  when  the  chest  is  said  to  he  resonant  on 
percussion. 

Resonance,  Vesic'hi.o-Tympanit'ic,  see  Vesi- 
culo  tvmpaiiitic — r.  Vibrations  of,  see  Sound. 

RESONITUS,  Contra-fissura. 

RES'ONANT,  Res'onane,  Reo'onus,  (F.)  Re- 
tentlnnoiit,  Rexonnant.  Resounding.  See  Reso- 
nance. 

R^SONNANCE,  Resonance. 

RES0iWNE3IENT,  Resonance. 

RESORBENS,  Absorbent. 

RESORPTIO,  Absorption,  Resorption —r.  Cu- 
tanea, see  Absorption  — r.  Cutis,  see  Absorption. 

RESORP'TION,  Reaorp'tio,  from  resorlerc,  re- 
eorptttm,  {re,  'again,'  and  sorbere,)  'to  absorb 
again.'  Absorption  of  a  fluid  which  has  been 
previously  deposited  in  a  part  by  the  exhalants, 
as  of  pus,  blood,  serum,  Ac. 

R  E  S  '  P I  R  A  B  L  E,  Rexph-ah'Uia.  Same  ety- 
mon as  Respiration.  Capable  of  being  breathed. 
Adapted  for  respiration. 

RESPIRAMEN,  Respiration. 

RESPIRAMENTUM,  Respiration. 

RESPIRATEUR,  Respirator,  Respiratory. 

RESPIRATIO,  Respiration  — r.  Abolita,  Ap- 
noea — r.  Brevis,  Dyspnoea — r.  Diflicilis,  Dyspncea 
—  r.  Stertens,  Stertor — r.  Stertuosa,  Stertor. 

RESPIRA'TION,  Rexpira'tio,  Anap'noi,  from 
renpiro,  {re,  and  uplro,)  '  I  take  breath.'  Anap- 
neu'ein,  Pneu'sis  npiru'tio,  Renpira'men,  Reapira- 
menlnm,  Renp)ra'tus,  Reapir'itus,  Spir'iluii.  A 
function  proper  to  animals,  the  object  of  which 
is,  to  place  the  materials  of  the  blood — the  mix- 
ture of  the  venous  blood  with  lymph  and  chyle — 
in  contact  with  atmospheric  air,  in  order  that  it 
may  acquire  the  vivifying  qualities  which  belong 
to  arterial  blood.  The  organs  for  executing  this 
function  are,  in  the  mammalia,  birds,  and  rep- 
tiles, the  lunijH.  In  man,  the  respiration  consists 
of  mechanical  and  chymical  phenomena.  The 
mechanical  are  Inapxration  and  Eupi ration.  Tho 
evident  chymical  phenomena  consist  in  the  form- 
ation of  a  certain  (|uaiitit3'  of  carbonic  acid,  the 
absorption  of  a  part  of  the  oxygen  of  the  air,  and 


RESPTRATIOy  BROXCniQUE       79  7 


RETENTIO 


the  disengagement  of  a  quantity  of  water  in  the 
state  of  vapour.  In  the  healthy  condition  the 
respiration  is  easy,  gentle,  regular,  and  without 
noise.  In  man,  the  respirations  are  generally 
about  35  per  minute  in  the  first  year  of  life;  25 
during  the  second;  20  at  puberty  ;  and  18  in  the 
adult  age. 

The  air  of  respiration  has  been  divided  into 
fimt,  the  reHidurif  air,  or  that  which  cannot  be  ex- 
pelled from  the  lungs,  but  remains  after  a  full  and 
forcible  expiration,  estimated  at  120  cubic  inches: 
gecotidli/,  the  Hiipplcmctitnri/  or  rcserne  air  or  that 
which  can  be  expelled  by  a  forcible  expiration, 
after  an  ordinary  outbreathing,  valued  at  1.30  cu- 
bic inches  :  thinlhj,  the  breath,  tidal  or  breathing 
air,  valued  at  26  cubic  inches:  a.i\A  fourthly,  the 
cnviplemeiitari/  or  complemental  air,  or  that  which 
ran  be  inhaled  after  an  ordinary  inspiration,  which 
amounts  to  100  cubic  inches.  This  estimate  gives 
250  cubic  inches  as  the  average  volume  of  air 
which  the  chest  contains  after  an  ordinary  expi- 
ration. 

RESPrilATION  DRONCHIQUE,  see  Mur- 
mur, respiratory. 

Resimration,  Buoncho-Vesic'ular.  A  mor- 
bid modification  of  the  respiratory  murmur, 
having  more  or  less  of  the  characters  of  thebron- 
thial  and  the  vesicular  respiration  combined.  It 
denotes  incomplete  solidification  of  the  lung,  as 
from  the  presence  of  tubercle.  —  Flint. 

Eespikation  of  thk  Cells,  Murmur,  respira- 
tory—  r.  Cogged-wheel,  Respiration,  jerking  —  r. 
Entrecoiipee,  Respiration,  jerking  —  r.  Exaijeree, 
see  Puerile  —  r.  Hi/pervenicidaire,  see  Puerile. 

Resi'ihation,  Jerking,  Cof/ged-wheel,  or  Wavij 
reipirtitioit,  (F.)  II.  Saccadee  ou  Entrecoiipee. 
When  the  murmur  of  inspiration,  in  place  of  being 
continuous,  is  interrupted  as  by  starts,  it  is  called 
'jerking.'  It  is  a  concomitant  of  incipient  pleu- 
risy, pleurodynia,  spasmodic  asthma,  and  tuber- 
culosis of  the  lung  with  corresponding  pleuritic 
adhesion.  —  Walshe. 

RESPIRATION,  LUCTUEUSE,  see  Lnctu- 
enx — r.  Metallic,  Tiiitement  mitalliqne — r.  Nidle, 
see  Murmur,  respiratory. 

Respiration    Proof,  Docimasia  pulmonum. 

RESPIRATION,  PUERILE,  ^ee  Puerile  — 
r.  Rupeiise,  see  Murmur,  respiratory  —  r.  Rude, 
see  Murmur,  respiratory — r.  Sileneieiise,  see  Mur- 
mur, respiratory  —  r.  Saceadee,  R.  jerking — r. 
Soiifflaiite,  Murmur,  respiratory  —  )■.  Siipplemen- 
titire,  see  Puerile — r.  Tubal,  see  Murmur,  respira- 
tory—  r.  Wavy,  Respiration,  jerking. 

RESPIRA  TOIRE,  Respiratory. 

RESPIRA'TOR,  (F.)  Rixpirateur.  Same  ety- 
mon. Various  instruments,  under  this  name, 
have  been  devised  for  the  purpose  of  tempering 
the  air  before  it  reaches  the  lungs  in  winter. 
One  of  the  best  is  that  of  Jeffrey,  which  is  made 
of  several  layers  of  fine  wire  tissue. 

RESPIRATORIUM  VENTRIS,  Diaphragm. 

RESPIRATORIUS,  Respiratory. 

RES'PIRATORY,  Rcupl rata' rim,  (F.)  Respi- 
rnteiir,  liespiratoire.  Appertaining  to  respira- 
tion. An  epithet  applied  to  the  Hn/c»ii(r  heard  by 
auscultation  in  a  healthy  adult,  during  inspira- 
tion and  expiration.  It  marks  the  entrance  of 
the  air  into  the  cells,  and  its  passage  out  of  them. 
See  Murmur. 

Respiratory,  External,  Nerve,  see  Thoracic 
nerves. 

Respiratory  Ganglia,  see  Encephalon. 

Respiratory,  Internal.  Nerves,  Diaphrag- 
matic Nerves — r.  Nerve  of  the  face.  Facial  Nerve 
—  r.  Superior,  nerve.  Spinal  Nerve. 

Respiratory  Tract,  Tracing  renpiralo'riun. 
The  middle  column  of  the  spinal  marrow,  de- 
scribed by  Sir  Charles  Bell  as  that  whence  the 
respiratory  nerves  originate.     See  Nerves. 


RESPIRATUS,  Respiration. 

RESPIRITUS,  Respiration. 

RESSERRE,  {  VENTRE,)  Constipation. 

RESTA  BOVIS,  Ononis  spinosa. 

RESTAGNATIO,  Eructation. 

RESTA URANS,  Analeptic,  Corroborant. 

RESTAURA'TIO,  Refec'tio,  Refec'tii8,  Ana- 
lep'nia,  Anatrep'nis,  Avacoiii'ide,  Anulte'ais,  Anac- 
te'nis,  Apocatas'timia.  Restoration  of  strength, 
after  disease  or  great  fatigue;  Epaiiortho'xis,  Re- 
crea'tio,  Redintegra'tio,  Reslaiira'iio  viriuni.  Re- 
turn of  the  organs  to  their  normal  condition. 
Recov'eri/,  Reciipera'tion,  Repara'tion. 

Restauratio  Virium,  see  Restauratio. 

REST  HARROW,  Ononis  spinosa. 

RESTIFORM'IS,  from  restis,  'arope,'  and/or- 
ma,  '  shape.'  Shaped  like  arope,  as  the  '  Corpora 
resfifoniiia.' 

Rkstipormis  Processus,  Coracoid. 

RESTITUTIO,  Reduction— r.  Organica.Morio- 
plastice — r.  Partium  deperditarum,  Morioplastice. 

RESTLESSNESS,  Agitation. 

RESTORATION.  Restauratio. 

RESTORATIVE,  Analeptic,  Corroborant. 

RESTRICTIO  INTESTINI  RECTI  seu  ANI, 
Stricture  of  the  rectum. 

RESUMPTI'VUS,  Resumpto'rivfi ;  from  re, 
'  again,'  and  siimere,  snmptnm,  '  to  take.'  Causing 
to  resume.  Resumpti'vum.  Any  agent  calculated 
to  restore  flesh  and  strength  to  one  who  has  been 
reduced. 

RESUMPTORIUS,  Resumptivus. 

RESURRECTION-MAN,  Resurrectionist. 

R  E  S  URR  E  C'T  I  0  N  I  S  T,  Resurrection-man, 
Body  snatcher  :  from  re,  and  enrgere,  surrectuni, 
'to  arise.'  An  individual  who  violates  the  sanc- 
tuary of  the  grave  to  obtain  subjects  for  dissec- 
tion. 

RESUSCITA'TION,  Reanacitu'tio,  from  reavs- 
cita're,  {re,  and  auacitare,  sureiim  citare  sou  ciere,) 
'to  move  up,'  'to  stir  up  anew.'  Revivijica'tion. 
The  restoration  of  persons,  apparently  dead,  to 
life.     See  Asphyxia  and  Suffocation. 

RETCHING,  Vomiturition. 

RETE,  Plexus  —  r.  Malpighii,  Corpus  muco- 
suni. 

Rrtij:,  'a  net;'  (Retic'idum,  'a  small  net,') 
Dict'yin,  (F.)  Reaeaii.  A  name  given  to  the  in- 
terlacing and  decussation  of  blood-vessels,  lym- 
phatics, fibres,  and  nerves  when  they  form  a  kind 
of  network. 

Rete  has  also  been  applied  to  the  epiploon.  — 
Castelli. 

RktF,  Majus,  Epiploon,  gastro-colie. 

Rete  JIirau'ii.e,  (F.)  Rcxi-aii  admirable,  R. 
merreilleii.c.  A  nauie  given  to  the  ramifications 
and  anastomoses  of  the  internal  carotid  and  ver- 
tebral arteries  iit  the  base  of  the  brain. 

R  kte  Mirabii.e  seu  Rete  Vasculo'sum  Mal- 
pig'hii  is  the  plexus  formed  on  the  cells  of  the 
lungs  by  the  minute  ramifications  of  the  pulmo- 
nary artery. 

Rete  Mpcosum,  Corpus  mucosum. 

Rete  Testls,  Rtte  Vii«culo'aum  Teetia  seu 
Halteri.  An  irregular  plexus  or  network,  formed 
l)y  the  communication  of  the  Vaaa  recta,  Tii'bidi 
seu  Diic'tuli  recti,  at  the  upper  and  back  part  of 
the  testicle.  These  Vasa  recta  are  sent  out  at 
the  back  part  of  the  testicle,  from  the  convoluted 
seminal  tubes.  The  Rete  Vasculosum  testis  sends 
out  from  twelve  to  eighteen  straight  tubes,  called 
Vaan  effercntia,  which  convej'  tile  semen  from 
the  testes  to  the  epididymus. 

RETENTIO,  Retention  —  r.  Aerea,  Dyspnoea 
—  r.  Alvina,  Consti[>ation  —  r.  Bills,  Isehocholia. 

Retentio  Fn'xts  ILemorriioidalis.  Sup- 
pression of  the  hseinorrhoidal  flux. 

Retentio  Fceti'S,  Dystocia — r.  Lactis,  Ischoga- 
lactia — r.  Lochiorum,  Ischiolochia — r.  Meusiuin, 


RETENTION 


798 


RETROrilARYNGEAL 


see  Amenorrhoea  —  r.  Spertnatis,  Ischospermia  — 
r.  Sudoris,  Hydroschesis. 

IIETEN'TION,  Jieten'tio,  Apolcp'sia,  Apolep'- 
sin,  from  retiiiere,  reteutnm,  [re,  and  tcuere,)  '  to 
hold  back.'  Accumulation  of  a  solid  or  liquid 
substance,  in  canals  intended  for  its  excretion,  or 
in  a  reservoir,  intended  to  contain  it  for  a  short 
period. 

RetentioK  of  Urine  ;  Parv'ria  Retentio'nis 
venicd'tis,  Iichu'n'a  vesica'lls,  Reteutio  Uri'na, 
(F.)  Retention  d' urine.  A  disease  in  which  the 
urine  accumulated  in  the  bladder  cannot  be  evac- 
uated ;  or,  at  least,  cannot  be  passed  without 
extreme  difficulty.  In  the  former  case,  the  re- 
tention is  said  to  be  complete ;  in  the  latter,  in- 
complete. Jlany  writers  have  distinguished  three 
degrees  of  this  affection,  to  which  they  have  given 
the  names  Dyxury,  Strangury,  and  hcliary.  Re- 
tention of  urine  may  depend  upon  loss  of  con- 
tractility, paralyisis  of  the  bladder,  Ac,  or  on 
some  obstacle  to  the  passing  of  the  urine,  as  in 
cases  of  pressure  of  the  womb  on  the  bladder,  of 
tumours  in  its  vicinity,  foreign  bodies  in  its  cavity, 
inflammation  of  the  urethra,  swelling  of  the  pros 
tate,  stricture,  &c.  The  pain  is  extremely  violent, 
and  the  bladder  may  be  found  distended  above 
the  i)uhis.  The  treatment  consists  in  introducing 
the  catheter,  or  puncturing  the  bladder,  and  in 
combating  the  cause,  which  has  j)roduced  the  re- 
tention, b3'  particular  means  adapted  to  each  case. 
RETENTISSANT,  Resonant. 
RETEXTISSEMENT,  Resonance  — r.  Auto- 
phtmiqne,  see  Autophoiiia. 
RETfA  UTERI,  see  Uterus. 
RETICULAR,  Re'ti/orm,  Reliculn'rin,  Ret'- 
iniii,  Aiiiphiblestroi'des,  DyctoVdes,  Retifor'mis, 
from  rete,  (diminutive  retivnlnm,)  'a  net.'  That 
which  reseml)les  a  net.  An  epithet  applied  to 
many  structures  in  the  body. 

Retioulau  Body,  Corpus  mucosura  —  r.  Sub- 
stance. Cellular  tissue. 

RETICULARIA  OFFICINALIS,  Lichen  pul- 
monarius. 

RETICULUM:  diminutive  of  rete,  'a  net' 
The  Bonnet  or  Honeycoinh  ha;/  or  utomitch,  (Sc.) 
Kinijtihooil,  (F.)  lioniiet,  Reneau  —  the  second  sto- 
mach of  the  ruminant  animal.  See  also.  Epiploon, 
and  Rete. 

RETicuLrjj    CuTANRUM,    Rete    mucosura — r. 
JIncn-iuin.  Rete  mucosutn. 
RETIFORM,  Reticular. 

RET'INA,  from  rete,  'a  net;'  Tn'nicn  ret'ina 
seu  reticniii'ris  seu  retifor'mis  seu  in'tinia  sou 
)ier'vea  oi:'nli,  Inrnlu'crnm  reti  compnra'tiim,  Ver- 
ri<;nlii'riii  nienibra'na,  Amphihlestro'x' des  niemhrn- 
iin,  (F.)  Ri^tine.  A  soft,  pulpy,  grayish,  semi- 
transparent,  very  thin  membrane;  extending 
from  the  optic  nerve  to  the  crystalline,  embracing 
the  vitreous  humour,  and  lining  the  choroid  ; 
without,  however,  adhering  to  either  of  those 
parts.  It  terminates  by  a  defined  edge  —  niaryo 
dentil' tni  —  at  the  posterior  extremities  of  the 
ciliary  processes.  It  is  constituted,  according  to 
most  anatomists,  by  the  expansion  of  the  optic 
nerve.  The  retina  appears  to  be  formed  of  seve- 
ral laminiB  ;  so  joined  together,  that  it  is  difD- 
cult  to  discriminate  them.  The  one  —  the  inner- 
most—  is  medullary,  and  pulpy;  the  other — the 
outer — is  stronger,  and  fibro-vascular.  The  retina 
is  the  essential  organ  of  vision  ;  on  it  the  images 
of  objects  are  impressed.  Both  it  and  the  optic 
nerve  are  devoid  of  general  sensibility.  They 
may  be  punctured  or  lacerated  without  pain  being 
experienced.  The  nerve  of  general  sensibility 
distriiiuted  to  the  eye  is  the  fifth  pair. 

RETINACULA,  see  Retinaculum  — r.  Mor- 
gagnii,  see  Fraena  of  fhe  valve  of  Bauhin. 

RETINACULUM,  from  retinere,  {re,  and  te- 
vere,)   '  to  hold  back.'     A   surgical   instrument, 


formerly  used  in  the  operation  of  castration  ;  and 
in  that  of  hernia,  to  prevent  the  intestines  from 
falling  into  the  scrotum.  —  Scultet.  Reiinacuhi 
are  also  band-like  extensions  of  a  cellulo-niem- 
branous  structure,  which  seem  to  su.^pcnd  tlio 
ovum  in  the  Follicle  of  I)e  Graaf.  They  appear 
to  correspond  to  the  chalazae  of  the  egg  of  the 
bird. 

Retinaculum,  Bride. 

Retinac'ulum  Ten'dinum  PEnoNEo'itUM,  Va- 
fji'na  iiialleola'ri><  extern'a.  The  ligamentous 
sheaths  that  retain  in  situ  at  the  outer  ankle  the 
tendons  of  the  peroneal  muscles. 

RET'INAL,  Retlna'lin.  Relating  or  apper- 
taining to  the  retina. 

RKTINE.  Retina. 

RETINI'TIS,  Inflamnin'tio  Ret'ina,  Amphi- 
hleetroidi'tin,  Divlyi'liii,  (F.)  Retinite,  from  retina 
and  itis,  a  suffix  denoting  inflammation, — a  term 
of  hybrid  formation.  Inflammation  of  the  retina ; 
an  uncoinu)on  affection,  except  as  an  accompani- 
ment of  other  forms  of  ophthalmia. 

RETINOIDE,  see  RhMnolL 

RETINOLE,  see  Rhiiinoli. 

RETINOS'COPY,  RHinoxcop'ia,  from  retina, 
and  (T/forfoj,  '  I  view.'    Examination  of  the  retina. 

RETINUS,  Reticular. 

RETORT',  Retor'tn,  Botia,  Cornn,  Cornn'ta, 
Cornes'ta,  Cornnnnin<),{F.)  Cornne,  from  retorqiieo, 
{re,  and  torqueo,  tortnm,)  '1  bend  back.'  A  ves- 
sel, commonly  of  glass  or  earthenware,  employed 
in  distillation.  It  ma}'  be  plain,  or  have  a  tnhn- 
litre  for  admitting  substances  whilst  the  distilla- 
tion is  going  on.  In  the  latter  case,  it  is  said  to 
be  tii'linlated,  (F. )  Cornue  tiihulee. 

RETRACTION,  Retrac'tio,  from  retrahere, 
{re,  and  traliere,  traetum,)  '  to  draw  back.'  State 
of  a  part,  when  drawn  towards  the  centre  of  the 
body  or  backwards;  —  as  retraction  of  the  tes- 
ticles. Sometimes  it  is  used  synonymously  with 
shortening  or  drawing  np ;  as  in  retraction  of  the 
thigh. 

RETRACTION  BE  LA  MATRICE,  Rctro- 
versio  uteri. 

RETRACTOR  ANGULI  ORIS,  Buccinator. 

RET'RAHENS  AURIS,  Poste'rionw  Trieepa 
Auris,  Tricauda'lis,  Retraliens  Anric'idas  seu 
Auricidam,  Secnn'dns  j>roprio'rum  Auric'ida,  Bi- 
canda'lis,  Dep'rimens  Anric'nlcB,  Proprina  Anris 
externoB,  (F.)  Ifasto'ido-eonchinien,  llastoido-ori- 
cnlnire  (Ch.),  Aiiricnlnirc  pnst^rieur.  It  consists 
of  one  or  more  small  fasciculi  or  fleshy,  thin, 
somewhat  irregular  fibres,  situated  behind  the 
ear.  These  are  attached  to  the  mastoid  process, 
and  pass  horizontally  forwards,  to  terminate  at 
the  convexity  formed  by  the  concha  of  the  ear. 
If  this  muscle  had  any  use,  it  would  carry  the 
ear  backwards. 

RETRAIT  YEN TRICVL AIRE,  Heart,  hy- 
pertrophy of  the. 

RETRECISSEMENT,  Arctatio,  Stricture— r. 
de  VUretlire,  Urethrostenosis. 

RETRIMENTA  VESICE,  Urine. 

RETRIMENTUM,  Excrement 

RETROCES'SION,  Retroces'sio.  Rctroces'snt, 
Retrogres'tms,  from  retrocedere,  retrocessuni,  {re- 
tro, '  backwards,'  and  ccdere,  '  to  give  place.') 
The  act  of  going  back.  A  disappearance  or  me- 
tastasis of  a  tumour,  eruption,  &c.,  from  the 
outer  part  of  the  body  to  the  inner. 

RETROCESSUS,  Retrocession. 

RETROFLEXIO  UTERI,  see  Retroversio 
uteri. 

RETROORESSUS,  Retrocession. 

RETROPHARYNGE'AL,  Retropharynge'm, 
from  retro,  '  backwards,'  and  pliarynx,  '  the  jilin- 
rynx.     Relating  to  parts  behind  the  pharynx,— 


Rl^TROrULSlON 


■99 


R II A  G  E 


a?  'retrnphiti-yu(je<d  abscess,' — an  abscess  behind 
the  pharynx. 

RETllOPULSIONDE  LA  MATRICE,  Re- 

troversio  uteri 

\KVjl\\0-\}'T^Km'E,Retro-utf.ri'nm,  (F.)  Ri- 
tru-iiteiin,  from  retro,  and  utcnm.  Behind  the 
uterus,  as  retro-uterine  ubscemi,  (F.)  Abcta  ritro- 
vterin  ;  —  sin  abscess  seateil  behind  tlie  uterus. 

KETUOVACCINA'TION,  from  retro,  '  back- 
wards,'and  riicviiiatiun.  Vaccination  with  matter 
obtained  from  the  cow,  after  inoculating  the  ani- 
mal with  vaccine  matter  from  the  human  subject. 

RKTROVER'SIO  U'TERI,  [retr,,,  'back- 
wards,' and  vertcre,  verHuin,  '  to  turn.')  Retrover- 
Hi'iiit  of  llic  Utcnm,  ^dopto'iiis  Uteri  retrover'sa, 
AixijiikV iHiH  seu  Andpodiu'mna  Uteri,  (F.)  Retro- 
versiou,  Retraction,  Obliqiiite  ou  Retroptihion 
lie  l(t  Miitrlce.  A  change  in  the  position  of  the 
uterus,  so  that  the  fundus  of  the  organ  is  turned 
towards  the  ccmcavity  of  the  sacrum,  whilst  the 
neck  is  directed  towards  the  symphysis  pubis. 
Tills  displacement  is  commonly  attended  with 
ccinstipalion,  tenesmus,  and  retention  of  urine. 
Its  usual  period  of  occurrence  is  between  the 
third  and  fourth  months  of  pregnancy;  before 
tlio  uterus  has  escaped  above  the  superior  aper- 
ture of  the  pelvis.  In  the  treatment,  the  cathe- 
ter nmst  be  regularly  used  twice  a  day,  until  the 
uterus,  by  its  growth,  rises  above  the  pelvis. 
The  catheter  should  be  small,  flat,  and  curved 
considerably  more  than  common,  in  consequence 
of  the  distorted  course  of  the  urethra.  The 
bowels  must  be  kept  open;  and  absolute  rest,  in 
II  recumbent  posture,  bo  enjoined.  Should  it  be 
impracticable  to  draw  off  the  urine,  attempts 
iiuist  be  made  to  replace  the  uterus.  The  woman 
being  on  her  hands  and  knees,  the  fore  and 
niiildle  fingers  of  the  accoucheur's  left  hand  are 
to  be  passed  up  the  reetum  to  the  fundus  uteri ; 
Avhich  they  must  elevate,  whilst  the  cervix  uteri 
is  carefully  depressed  by  two  fingers  of  the  right 
hand  in  the  vagina.  Should  the  fingers  em- 
jiloyed  to  elevate  the  fundus  not  be  long  enough 
to  effect  this  object,  a  piece  of  whalebone  may  be 
substituted,  having  a  small  piece  of  sponge  at- 
tached to  one  extremity  as  a  pad. 

A  simple  inclination,  or  bending  of  the  uterus, 
biU'kwards,  is  termed  Retrojlex'ion  of  the  U'teriis, 
Rclroflex'io  U'teri :  not  unfrequently,  however, 
this  is  used  synonymously  with  Retroversion  of 
the  Uterus. 

RETROVERSION  DE  LA  MATRICE,  Re- 
troversio  uteri. 

IIEUNIO,  Synthesis — r.  Partium  separalarum, 
see  Synthesis  —  r.  per  Primam  intentionem,  see 
Intention — r.  per  Secundara  intentionem,  see  In- 
tention—  r.  Vasorum,  Anastomosis. 

REUNION  PRIMITIVE,  see  Intention  — r. 
Seeiiiiilaire,  see  Intention. 

REVACCINATION,  see  Vaccina. 

REVALENTA  ARABICA,  see  Ervum. 

REVASSERIE,  Incoherence;  see  Somnium. 

REVE,  Somnium. 

RE  VEIL,  see  Sleep — r.  en  Sursatit,  see  Sleep. 

REVELLENT,  Derivative. 

REVERIE,  Aphelxia. 

R EVERY,  Aphelxia. 

K  EVIVIFIC ATION,  Resuscitation, 

RE VULSIF,  Derivative. 

REVUI/SION,  lieriil'vio,  from  re,  and  vellere, 
rnl.iiim,  'to  pluck;'  Autin'pasis.  The  act  of 
turning  the  principle  of  a  disease  from  the  organ 
in  which  it  seems  to  have  taken  its  seat.  Rube- 
facients, vesicatories,  bleeding  in  the  foot,  <tc., 
are  often  used  for  this  purpose.     See  Derivation. 

BE\'UI,SIVE,  Derivative  — r.  Bleeding,  see 
Bloodletting. 


REVULSORTUS,  Derivative,' 

REX  AMARORUM,  Soulamen  amara— r.  Me- 
tallorum,  Aurura. 

REYNOLDS'S  SPECIFIC,see Vinum  colchici, 

REZZLE.  Wheeze. 

RHA,  Rheum. 

RIIABARBARUM,  Rheum— r.  Album,  Con- 
volvulus mechoacan  —  r,  Antiquorum,  Rlieum 
Rhaponticum — r.  Dioscoridis,  Rheum  Rhaponti- 
cura  —  r,  Monachorum,  Rumex  patientia  —  r.  Ni- 
grum, Convolvulus  jalapa — r.  Pauperum,  Thalic- 
tron — r.  Sibericum,  Rheum — r.Tartaricum, Rheum 
—  r.  Turcicum,  Rheum, 

RHABARBE,  Rheum—)-,  nianche,  Convol- 
vulus mechoacan — r.  Fuiisee,  Thalictron- — r.  ilea 
hides,  Convolvulus  mechoacan  —  r.  dee  Moines, 
Rumex  Alpinus  —  r.  Soiivaije,  Rumex  patientia. 

RHABDOIDES  (SUTURA),  Sagittal  suture. 

RIIA  BIL  L  EUR,  Renoner. 

RHAClIETiE,  Rachita). 

RHACIIETRUM,  Medulla  spinalis. 

RIIACHI^I,  Rhachitae. 

RIIACIIIAGHA,  Rachisagra. 

RIIACIIIALGIA,  Rachialgia,  Rhachiodynia, 
Spinal  irritatiim. 

RnACIIIALGITIS,  Spinal  irritation,  Mvelitis. 

RIIACIIIDAGRA,  Rachisagra,  Rachialgia, 
Rhachiodvnia. 

RIIACillOCYPIIOSTS,  Gibbositas, 

RIIACIIIODYN'IA,  from  'p«X'S'  't^e  verte- 
bral column,'  and  o&vvt),  'pain;'  Rhaeliial'gia. 
Pain  in  the  vertebral  column. 

RIIA  Oil  lOMYELITIS,  Myelitis. 

RIIACIIIOPLEGIA,  Paraplegia. 

RIIACIIIOSCOLIOMA,  Scoliosis. 

RIIACIIIOSCOLIOSIS,  Scoliosis. 

RIIACIIIOSTROPIIO'SIS,  from  'payi^,  'the 
vertebral  column,'  and  arfnipu),  '  I  turn  ;'  Contnr- 
tio  coliim'na>,  vertehra'lis.  Deviation  of  the  ver- 
tebral column. 

RHACIIIOT'OMIIS,  Rhachiot'omnm,  from 
'paxii,  '  the  vertebral  column,'  and  TOfiri,  'incision.' 
An  instrument  for  opening  the  vertebral  column. 

RHACIIIPA'GIA,  Rnchipn'f/ia,  from  'paxa, 
'the  spine,' and  irayta,  'I  fasten.'  A  monstrous 
union  of  two  foetuses,  in  which  they  are  connected 
at  the  spine. 

RIIACIIIPARALYSIS,  Paraplegia. 

RIIACHIPHYMA,  Rachiphyma. 

RIIACIIIRRHEUMA,  Lumliago! 

RHACIIIS,  Vertebral  column — r.  Nasi,  see 
Nasus. 

RIIACIIISAGRA,  Rachisagra. 

RIIACIII'TiE,  from  'pax'rris,  appertaining  or 
relating  to  'fax'S,  'the  vertebral  ccjluinn  ;'  Rhn- 
chia'i,  Ritchi'ttB,  Rhrtche'tce,  or  Rachice'i.  The 
muscles  of  the  spine. 

RIIACIIITES.  Medulla  spinalis. 

RIIACHTTICUS,  Rachiticus, 

RIIACHITIS,  Rachitis  — r.  Adultorum,  Molli- 
ties  ossiuin — r.  .'Spinalis,  Rachisagra. 

RIIACniTISMUS,  Rachitis. 

BHACIIOSIS,  Rachosis. 

RIIACIIUS,  Rhncnn,  Rhngvs,  from  'pnyia,  or 
'priyvvfn,  'to  break.'  A  wrinkle.  A  laceration 
of  the  skin.     A  lacerated  ulcer — ulcus  luc"eruni. 

RHACrS,  Rhachus.  Wrinkle. 

RHiEBOCRANIA,  Torticollis. 

RIIAG'ADES,  'piiyaScf,  Rhnrja'dia,  from  ' pnyio 
or  'pt^yi'Vfii,  'to  break  or  rend;'  Scissu'rcp,  FIssk'- 
ro",  Fim<y.  Ruptures,  chaps,  or  narrow  and  long 
ulcers,  which  fortn  near  the  origin  of  mucous 
membranes,  especially  around  the  anus,  ami 
which  are  generally  owing  to  the  syphilitic  virus. 

Rhagadrs,  see  Fissure. 

RIIAGE,  R(ti/e,'puyTi.  Same  et3'mon.  A  suf- 
fix denoting  violent  rupture  or  discharge,  as  in 
IIemor)7/07'',  Menor)7in(/ia,  <tc. 

Rii.\GB,  Fissure. 


RHAGES 


800 


RHEUMATISM 


RTTAGES.  Uvae  passae. 
RlIAftlCUS,  Rhagoides. 
RHAGODEITIS,  Uveitis. 

RlIAGOi'DES,  lihago'den,  Rhagoideus,  Bhn'- 
giciiH,  from  'pa|,  'payos,  'a  berry,'  'a  grape.' 
Grape-like ;  as  Tunica  Rhatjoidea :  the  uvea. 
Also,  the  choroid  coat  of  the  eye. 
RIIAGUS,  Rhachus,  Wrinkle. 
RHAxMNI  BACCiE,  see  Rhamnus— r.  Succus, 
see  Rhamnus. 

RHAMNUS,  'pafivoi,  R.  cathar'tt'cus,  Spina 
cervi'iia  seu  domea'tica  seu  infecto'ria,  Rhamnus 
soluti'vtis,  Cervinpi'na,  Buckthorn,  Purging  buck- 
thorn, (F.)  Nerprun  purgatif,  Bourgiiepine, 
Epine  de  cerf.  Family,  Rhamnaceae.  Scr.  Syst. 
Pentandria  Monogynia.  The  berries  —  Rhamni 
BacccR — have  a  faint  and  disagreeable  odour;  and 
bitterish,  nauseous  taste.  Tiieir  juice  —  Rhamni 
Succus  —  is  cathartic,  and  apt  to  excite  griping, 
which  must  be  obviated  by  the  use  of  diluents. 

Rhamnus  Alater'nus,  R.  Hispan'icus,  Alater'- 
nus  latifu'lius,  Common  aluternus,  (F.)  Alaterne. 
The  leaves  have  been  used  as  detergents  and  as- 
tringents, in  the  form  of  gargle  especially. 

Rhamnus  FrAN'gula,  Black  Alder,  Franguln 
Alnus,  Alnus  Nigra,  (F.)  Aune  voir,  Bouriane, 
Bourgene.  All  the  parts  of  this  tree,  as  well  as 
of  the  common  alder,  are  astringent  and  bitter. 
The  bark  is  most  so.  The  inner,  yellow  bark  of 
the  trunk  or  root  acts  as  a  cathartic.  It  has  also 
been  employed  as  an  anthelmintic. 

Rhamnus  Hispanicus,  R.  alaternus — r.  Jujuba, 
see  Jujube — r.  Lotus,  see  Jujube — r.  Ziziphus,  see 
Jujube. 

RIIANTER,  Canthus,  (greater.) 
RIIAPHANEDON,  Raphanedon. 
RHAPHANIA,  Raphaiiia. 
RHAPIIANIS,  Raphanus  hortensis. 
RHAPHANUS,  Raphanus  hortensis. 
RIIAPHE,  Raphe.  Suture. 
RIIAPHOSYMPH'YSIS,  from  pa<pv,  'suture,' 
and  avu^ivais,  'union.'     Union  by  suture, — as  of 
the  bones  of  the  cranium. 

RHAPIIYS,  Raphanus  hortensis. 
RHAPONTICUM,  Rheum  Rhaponticum  — r. 
Vulgare,  Centaurea  centaurium. 

RHAPOWrrqUE.  Rheum  rhaponticum. 
RHAPS,  Raphanus  hortensis. 
RHAPYS.  Raphanus  hortensis. 
RHATANIA,  Krameria  ratanhia. 
RHAX,  see  Vitis  vinifera. 
RHEGE,  Cramp,  Contusion,  Laceration. 
RHEGMA,    Cramp,    Contusion,    Laceration, 
Rhexis  —  r.  Ligamentare,  Apospasma. 

RHEGMUS,  Cramp,  Contusion,  Laceration. 
RHEMBASMUS,  Somnambulism. 
RHEMBE,    Rhemhus,    'a    wandering    about,' 
from  'peii(3uv,  '  to  wander  about.'     Irregularity  in 
the  return  of  febrile  paroxysms. 
RHEMBUS,  Rhembe. 
RHENCIIUS.  Rattle.  Snoring. 
RHENXIS,  Rattle,  Snoring. 
RHEON.  Rheum. 
RHETINE,  Resin. 
RIIETINOCERON,  Resinatum. 
RHETTNOLE.     A  name  given  by  M.  Beral 
to  a  medicine,  which  results  from  the  union  of  a 
resiQ   with    other   medicinal    substances.       The 
Rhetinoles  of  Beral  differ  from   the  Rhetinoides 
in  containing  but  one  resin,  whilst  in  the  latter 
there  are  several. 

RHETrNOlDES,  see  RhftlnoU. 
RHETINOTON,  Resinatum. 
RHEUM,  (pronounced  room,)  Rheu'ma,  pcvfia, 
(F.)  Rhitme  ;  from  'pcta,  'to  flow.'  Any  thin 
watery  discharge  from  mucous  membranes  or 
skin  ;  as  the  thin  discharge  from  the  air  passages 
arising  from  cold. 


RHBCsr,  Salt.  A  popular  name  in  the  United 
States,  like 'tetter,' for  various  cutaneous  affec- 
tions of  the  eczomatous  and  herpetic  forms  iiioro 
especially.  It  is  at  times  applied  to  a  kind  of 
chronic  psoriasis;  and  likewise  to  cutaneous  af- 
fections in  those  who  immerse  the  hands  in  me- 
tallic or  acid  solutions.  Web.ster  defines  it  "a 
vague  and  indefinite  popular  name,  a|>plie(l  to 
almost  all  the  non-febrile  cutaneous  crujilions 
which  are  common  among  adults,  except  ring- 
worm and  itch  " 

Rhk'um,  Rhahar'harnm,  Rheon,  Rha,  Rhwum, 
Lap'alhnm  oricnla'te  seu  Chinen'se,  Rhahar'ha- 
rum  ve'runi  seu  Tartar'icum  seu  Siber'irum  seu 
Tur'cicum,  Rhubarb,  (F.)  Rhabarbe,  RInibarbe, 
From  Rha,  now  called  Wolga,  a  river  in  Russia 
from  which  it  was  first  brought.  Ord.  Poly- 
gonaeeas.  Scr.  Sysf.  Ennoandria  Trigynia.  The 
root — Rheum — is  the  part  used  in  medicine.  Its 
odour  is  aromatic,  peculiar,  and  rather  nauseous; 
taste,  somewhat  aromatic,  subacrid,  bitterish,  and 
astringent.  It  colours  the  saliva  and  the  urine 
yellow.  It  is  easily  pulverized,  and  forms  a  pow- 
der of  a  bright  buff-yellow  colour.  Both  water 
and  spirit  extract  its  virtues.  Rhubarb  root  is 
purgative,  stomachic  and  astringent.  [?]  It  is 
chiefly  used  for  the  properties  first  mentioned. 
Externally,  the  powder  is  sometimes  sprinkled 
over  ulcers,  to  assist  their  granulation.  l)ose,  ^j 
to  ^^ss  of  the  powder.  In  a  smaller  dose,  it  is 
stomachic. 

Numerous  species  of  Rheum,  Rh.  palmaliim, 
Rh.  undulatum,  and  Rh.  compuctum,  have  purga- 
tive roots. 

The  rhubarbs  most  used  in  the  United  States 
are  the  Chinese  or  India  Rhubarb  —  Rheum  Si- 
nen'se  seu  In'dicum  :  the  Russian,  Turkey  or  Bu- 
charian  Rhubarb — Rheum  Rus'sir.um  seu  Tur'ci' 
cum  ;  and  European  Rhubarb. 

Rhkum  Compactum,  Rheum  —  r.  Indicura,  see 
Rheum  —  r.  Palmatum,  Rheum. 

Rheum  Rhapon'ticum,  Rhapon'lic  Rhubarb; 
Rhapon'ticum,  Rhabar'barum  Dioscor'idis  seu 
Autiquo'rum,  (F.)  Rhapontique,  Rhapontir,  Ra- 
pontic.  The  root  of  this  seems  to  have  been  the 
rhubarb  of  the  ancients.  It  is  more  astringent 
than  that  of  the  rheum  palmatum,  and  less  pur- 
gative; for  the  latter  purpose,  two  or  three 
drachms  being  required  for  a  dose.  French,  Rlio- 
pontic,  or  Krimea  Rhubarb,  is  obtained  from  this 
species,  as  well  as  from  Rh.  undulatum,  and  Rh. 
compactitm. 

RnKUM  RtTSSicuM,  see  Rheum — r.  Sinense,  see 
Rheum — r.  Turcicum,  see  Rheum — r.  Undulatum, 
see  Rheum. 

RHEUMA,  Catarrh,  Diarrhoea,  Rheum.  Rheu- 
matism. Also,  inflammation  of  a  fibrous  tissue, 
as  in  rheumatism  and  gout.  —  Fuchs. 

Rhkuma  Catarrhalk,  Bronchitis,  (chronic) 
— r.  Epidemicum,  Bronchitis,  chronic.  Catarrh, 
epidemic  —  r.  Pectoris,  Catarrh — r.  Uteri,  Leu- 
corrhoea. 

RHEUMAPYRA,  Rheumatism,  acute. 
RHEUMARTIIRITIS,  see  Rheumatism,  acute. 
RIIEUMARTHROSIS,  see  Rheumatism,  acute. 
RIIEUMATALGIA,  Rheumatism,  chronic— r. 
Arthritica,  see  Rheumatism,  acute. 

RIIEUMAT'IC,  Rheumat'icus,  Rhenmnlis'mal, 

(F.)    Rhumatismal,    Rhumali'pie.       Belonging   to 

rheumatism  :  as  rheumatic  fever.  Also,  api)lied  to 

one  affected  with  rheumatism;  (F.)  Rhnmatisant. 

RhRUMAt'iC    Diath'kSIS,    Diath'esis   rheumal'- 

ica.     The  special  condition  of  the  body  that  gives 

occasion  to   rheumatism.     It  may  exist  without 

presenting  the  usual    phenomena  in  the  joints; 

whilst  the  heart  may  be  seriously  affected. 

RHKUMA  TICS,  "Rheumatism. 

RIIEU'MATISM,      Calarrhm'a     from     'ptviia, 

'ptvftaToi,  'a  defluxion, catarrh.'    Dolor  Rheumal  • 


RHEUMATISM 


801 


RUE UMAX OPHTHALMIA 


teun  et  artlirit'icuH,  (Hoffman,)  Rheiimnto'sin  jtfi/o- 
to'tin,  Rheumti,  Miidilijn' id,  (vulg.)  Itheu'moliz, 
Hheumnt'icH,  (F.)  liliuiiinlinme.  A  kind  of  shift- 
ing plilf^^miisia  or  neuriil;;ia, sometimes  seated  in 
the  muscles,  sometimes  in  the  parts  surrounding 
the  joints;  and  at  others,  within  them.  Hence 
the  names  Muecnlnr,  Articular,  and  Si/novi(tl, 
which  have  been  applied  to  it.  The  disease  may 
be  nciile,  or  chniuic. 
KuKiiMATisM  OP  THR  Abdomen,  CocHorrheuma. 
RlIKTMATISM,  AcUTU,  Rheiimntin' riiu8  acn'Uis 
ceu  articiilii'nim  ncn'tits  seu  wiiversu'lin  febri'- 
lit  seu  iiijlnnuiiuto'rint  seu  huperfthen'iciin,  Ar- 
thro'nia  (tenia,  Itheumntoji'yrn,  Jiheiiiiiop'yra, 
debris  rheiinidt'ica  iiijlannnato'riii,  Syn'ocha 
rheHiiiat' ica,  3/i/ono'ti8,  Jlyi'tis,  Catiiiin  seu 
Arthri'tin  rheiiniiitiimns,  Arthro-rheinnatin'muii, 
Synovi'tifi  rhenmiiliinna'UK,  Hmmo  -  arthri'tis, 
Jiheiimat' ic  Fever,  (F.)  li/icitniotinine  ai(jn,  Rh. 
articniaire  niijii,  Fiivre  rhiiiiinliHiiinle,  usually 
comes  on  with  the  ordinary  symptoms  of  fever; 
poon  after  which,  or  simultaneously,  or  even  be- 
fore the  appearance  of  febrile  signs,  excruciating 
pains  arc  folt  in  difi'erent  parts  of  the  body,  par- 
ticularly in  the  larger  joints,  which  are  more  or 
less  red  and  swollen  ;  the  pain  shifting  from  one 
to  the  other,  at  times  with  great  rapidity.  The 
disease  rarely  terminates  in  less  than  si.x  weeks, 
during  the  greater  part  of  which  period  the  febrile 
symptoms  remain  severe;  and  what  is  peculiar  to 
the  disease,  the  skin  may  be  covered  daily  with 
a  profuse  perspiration,  although  it  feels  e.\trcmely 
hot,  and  the  pulse  appears  in  no  way  modified  by 
it.  It  is  one  of  the  essential  symptoms  of  the 
affection,  and  consequently  affords  no  relief.  The 
only  danger  to  be  apprehended  from  acute  rheu- 
matism, notwithfitanding  the  apparent  severity 
of  the  symptoms,  is  the  translation  or  extension 
of  the  disease  (metimtnt'ic  rlien'mntium)  to  some 
internal  part,  especially  to  the  heart.  This  ten- 
dency must  always  be  borne  in  mind.  Acute 
rheumatism  seldom  terminates  in  chronic;  they 
who  are  liable  to  the  former  are  rarely  so  to  the 
latter,  and  conversely.  The  disease  will  gene- 
rally run  its  course  in  spite  of  treatment.  The 
usual  antiphlogistic  plan  had  better  be  pursued 
during  the  first  days  of  the  disease.  Blood-let- 
ting may  l)e  employed,  if  the  vigour  of  the  pa- 
tient and  of  the  disease  seem  to  require  it;  but, 
although  the  blood  is  generally  buffy,  bleeding 
does  not  usually  seem  to  afford  much  relief.  The 
bowels  must  be  kept  open  ;  effervescent  draughts 
be  administered,  and  opium  be  given  in  full  doses 
to  allay  pain.  This  is,  generally,  all  that  is  ne- 
cessary during  the  first  week;  after  which,  ad- 
vantage will  usually  be  oI)tained  from  the  exhi- 
bition of  the  sulphate  of  quinia  with  sulphuric 
acid.  It  does  not  augment  the  excitement,  and 
will  be  found  proper  in  almost  all  cases.  Rheu- 
matic inflammation  is  very  different  from  other 
varieties,  and  this  may  account  for  the  anomaly. 
After  a  few  weeks,  the  disease  usually  goes  off, 
but  leaves  the  patient  veryliable  to  a  recurrence 
on  slight  exposures  or  errors  of  diet.  At  times, 
acute  rheumatism  of  the  joints  puts  on  the  ap- 
pearance of  gout,  and  seems  to  be  a  complication 
of  the  two  affections.  It  is  then  called  Gout;/  or 
Arfhrit'ic  rheuniatium  or  Rheumntic  gout,  Rheu- 
matal'gia  artlirit'icn,  Rheumnrthro' sis,  Rlieumar- 
thri'ttH,  Arthri'tis  rheumnt'ica  seu  jureni'ltB. 

RHEi'MATtSM  OF  TRK  Arm,  Brachiorrhcuma — 
r.  Arthritic,  see  Rlicumatism,  acute  —  r.  of  the 
Bladder,  Cj'Storrheuma  —  r.  of  the  Bowels,  Ente- 
rorrheuraa. 

Rheumatism.  Cap'sular,  Rheumntin'mun  cnp- 
*u!(i'ri».  Rheumatism  seated  in  the  lining  mem- 
brane of  the  joints  and  bursre  of  the  tendons. 
The  parts  most  liable  to  its  attacks  are  the  feet 
and  hands,  where  it  is  generally  easily  recognised 
51 


by  the  enlargement  of  the  joints;  but  the  pecu- 
liar characters  of  the  disease  are,  perhaps,  most 
strikingly  seen  when  it  attacks  the  knee. 
Rhki'MATISM  of  tuf,  Chkst,  Pleurodynia. 
Rheumatism,  CnnoNio,  Arthro'nla  chrou'icn, 
Rheumatisnius  chronicua  seu  noufebri'lin  seu  vul- 
(/rt'ris  seu  invetera'tns  seu  hnbitua'lis  seu  frig"i- 
dns,  Rheumiitnl'gia,  Rhumato/'gin,  Rheum ntodyn'- 
iii,  Arthrodyn'ia,  Arthritix  nrtlirodyuia,  (P.)  Rhu- 
viatisme  chroniijue,  Rhniualdhjif.  \<  Mttcndcd  witil 
pains  in  the  hips,  shoulders,  kiieis,  and  other 
large  joints.  These  are  at  times  confined  to 
one  joint;  at  others,  shift  from  one  to  another, 
without  occasioning  inflammation,  or  fever.  In 
this  manner,  the  complaint  often  continues  for  a 
great  length  of  time,  and  then  goes  off.  There  is 
no  danger  attendant  upon  it;  but  the  patient  may 
become  lame,  and  is  always  liable  to  painful  re- 
currences. Neither  variety  generally  terminates 
in  suppuration  ;  but  effusion  of  coagulable  lymph 
is  apt  to  occur,  so  as  to  occasion  permanent 
thickening  of  the  parts.  The  great  preventive 
of  chronic  rheumatism,  and  one  of  the  most  valu- 
able curative  agents,  is  flannel,  worn  next  the 
skin.  The  whole  class  of  rubefacients  niay,  also, 
be  used  with  advantage.  The  warm  bath,  espe- 
cially the  natur.al  warm  bath,  the  temperature  of 
which  does  not  vary,  is  perhaps  the  most  success- 
ful remedy  of  all. 

Rheitmatism  of  the  Extremities,  Acrorrheu- 
ma  —  r.  of  the  Face,  Prosoporrheuma  —  r.  Gouty, 
see  Rheumatism,  acute — r.  of  the  Heart,  Cardior- 
rheuma — r.  Lead,  see  Lead  rheumatism — r.  of  the 
Leg,  Seelorrheuma  —  r.  of  a  Limb,  Merorrheuma 
— r.  Local,  Merorrheuma — r.  of  the  Loins,  Lum- 
bago—  r.  Metastatic,  see  Rh.  acute  — r.  of  the 
Neck,  Torticollis  —  r.  Partial,  Merorrheuma. 

Rheumatism,  PREAnnoM'iNAL,  (F.)  Rhumatiif- 
me  prS-nb(/ominnl.  Rheumatism  of  the  muscles 
of  the  anterior  and  lateral  portions  of  the  abdo- 
men ;  supposed  by  MM.  G6nest  and  Requin  to 
be  the  same  as  the  n-ervous  affection  of  the  peri- 
toneum of  Gooch. 

Rheumatism  Root,  Jeffersonia  Bartoni. 
Rheumatism  of  the  Skin,  see  Dermalgia — r. 
Topical,    Merorrheuma  —  r.  of  the  Uterus,  Me- 
trorrheuma. 

Rheumatism,  Visceral.     Rheumatism  affect- 
ing the  muscular  or  fibrous  tissues  of  the  viscera. 
Rheumatism  Weed,  Pyrola  maculata,  P.  um- 
bel lata. 

RIIEUMATISMAL,  Rheumatic. 
RHEUMATISMUS  ABDOMINIS,  Coelior- 
rheuma — r.  Aeutus,  Rheumatism,  acute — r.  Arti- 
culorum  aeutus.  Rheumatism,  acute  —  r.  Bra- 
chii,  Brachiorrheuma  —  r.  Cancrosus,  Neuralgia 
faciei  —  r.  Cervicis,  Torticollis  —  r.  Colli,  Torti- 
collis— r.  Cordis,  Cardiorrheuma — r.  Cruris,  See- 
lorrheuma—  r.  Dorsalis,  Lumbago  —  r.  Extremi- 
tatum,  Acrorrheuma  —  r.  Faciei,  Prosoporrheu- 
ma— r.  Febrilis,  Dengue— r.  Inflammatorius  seu 
hypersthenicus,  Rheumatismus  aeutus — r.  Intes- 
tinorum,  Enterorrheuma  —  r.  Intestinorum  cum 
ulcere,  Dysentery —  r.  L.arvatus,  Neuralgia  faciei 
— r.  Localis,  Merorrheuma — r.  Membrorum  sin- 
gulorum,  Merorrheuma  —  r.  Non  febrilis,  Rheu- 
matism, acute  —  r.  Partialis,  Merorrheuma  —  r. 
Pectoris,  Pleurodynia— r.  Phlegmonodes,  Myosi- 
tis—  r.  Spurius  nervosus.  Neuralgia — r.  Univer- 
salis febrilis.  Rheumatism,  acute  —  r.  Uteri,  Me- 
trorrhcuma  —  r.  Yesic.B  urinaria;,  Cystorrheuma 
—  r.  Vulgaris  seu  inveteratus  seu  babitualis  seu 
frigidus.  Rheumatism,  chronic. 
RHEUMATTZ.  Rheumatism. 
RHEUMATODYNIA.  Rheumatism,  chronic. 
RHKUMATOPHTHAL'MIA,  Rheumophthnl'. 
min  ;  from  ^pcv/ia,  'pcvfiarof,  'rheumatism.'  and 
o(p9a'\iit(i,  '  inflammation  of  the  eyes.'  Rheumafio 
ophthalmia. 


RIIEUMATOrYRA 


802 


RIIOITES 


RIIEIIMATOPYRA,  Rheumatism,  acute. 
RHEUMATOSIS,  Rheumatism. 
RIIEUMOPHTHALMIA,      Rhoumatophthal- 
miii.  Sclerotitis. 

RIIEXIS,  'prj^ii,  Rhegma,  Dinip'tio,  Riip'tio, 
Jiiiplu' la,  Rupture,  From  '^nyvvjii,  '  to  breali.' 
Rupture  of  a  vessel  or  organ.  Spontaneous 
opening  of  an  abscess. 

Rhkxis  Oc'uli.  Bursting  of  the  eye  from  any 
cause  ;  spontaneous  or  excited. 

RIIICNO'SIS,  from  ' iiiKvoofxai,  'to  become  wrin- 
kled;' Cutin  corruga'tio.     Wrinkling  of  the  skin 
from  extenuation  of  the  body  ;  opposed  to  CTKaan, 
or  (listcnpion  from  repletion. 
RIIIGOS,  Rigor. 
RUIN,  Nasus. 

RHINAL'GIA,  Rhiuodyu'ia,  from  >iv,  'the 
nose,'  and  aXyos,  'pain.'     Pain  in  the  nose. 

Rhinal'gia  ab  Intru'sis.  Pain  in  the  nose 
from  foreign  bodies. 

Rhinal'gia  Vermino'sa.  Pain  in  the  nose 
from  worms.  _ 

RHINAN'CIIONE,  Rhinan'gia,  Rhitwstegno'- 
sis;  from  'piv,  'the  nose,'  and  ayxofi,  'narrow- 
ness.'    Contraction  of  the  nose.     SiiufHes. 
RHINANGIA,  Rhinanchone,  Snuffles. 
RHINCHOS,  Rostrum. 
RHINENCEPHALIA,  Cyclopia. 
RHINEN'CHYSIS,  RImieuchi/s'ia,  from  'ptv, 
'the  nose,' £1/,  'in,'  and  x^'*'  *I  pour.'     An  infu- 
sion or  injection,  made  into  the  nostrils,  with  a 
syringe  called  Rhinen'chitea. 
RHINES,  Nares. 

RHINI'TIS,    Naii'tis,  from    'ptv,  'pivos,  'the 
nose,'  and  itii,  denoting  inflammation.     Inflam- 
mation of  the  nose.     Coryza. 
Rhinitis  Ulcerosa,  Ozaena. 
RIIINOBLENNORRIKEA,  Rhinorrhooa. 
RIIINOC'ACB,     Cory'za    ftcarlatiuo' sa ;    from 
'piv,    'pivuc,  'the   nose,'    and    KaKos,  'evil.'     The 
offensive    discharge    from   the   nose,    and   other 
.symptoms  indicating  a  morbid  condition  of  the 
Schneiderian    membrane,    that    accompany   the 
worst  forms  of  scarlatina. 

RHINOCATARRHUS,  Coryza. 
RHINOCNES'MUS,    from    'piv,    'pivo?,    'the 
nose,'  and  Kvrjanos,  'itching.'    Itching  of  the  nose. 
RHINODYNIA,  Rhinalgia. 
RHINOPHO'NIA.  from  'ptv,  'pivos,  'the  nose,' 
and  fiDvri,  '  the  voice.'    A  nasal  voice,  called,  also, 
Dyapho'uia    iinmodula'ta    nusct'lis,    Poraphu'iiia 
iiaaalis   seu   rea'onans,  Psellin'mus  na'm'tas,  Ifyc- 
teropho'nia,  Nn'aitas,   Vox  seu  Parala'lia  nasa'- 
lis.     Speaking  through  the  nose. 

RHINOPLAS'TIC,  Rhinoplas'ti'ca  (ars)  Rhi'- 
noplasfy,  from  'piv,  'pivog,  'the  nose,'  and  nXaaan), 
'  I  form.'  An  epithet  applied  to  the  operation  for 
forming  a  new  nose.  The  Taliacotian  ojteratioii, 
so  called  because  described  by  Tagliacozzi.  It 
consists  in  bringing  down  a  portion  of  flesh  from 
the  forehead,  and  causing  it  to  adhere  to  the  an- 
terior part  of  the  remains  of  the  nose. 

RHINOP'TIA.  from  'piv,  'the  nose,'  and  ov- 
TOfiai,  'I  see.'  The  act  of  seeing  over  the  nose. 
Squinting  over  the  nose. 

RHINORRHAGIA.  Epistaxis. 
RHINOR'RIIAPHY,  RhinorrhapVia,  from 
'piv,  'pivoi,  'nose,'  and  'pa<ltr),  'a  suture.'  An  ope- 
ration for  the  removal  of  epicanthis,  which  con- 
sists in  pinching  up  a  longitudinal  fold  of  the 
skin,  including  this  fold  in  two  elliptical  in- 
cisions, removing  it,  and  bringing  together  the 
edges  of  the  wound  by  harelip  suture. 

RHINORRHCE'A,  Rhhioblennrrhoe'a,  from 
'u',  'pivix;,  'the  nose,'  and  'ptto,  'I  flow.'  A  dis- 
charge of  limpid  mucus  from  the  nose  without 
any  inflammatory  symptom.     A  gleet   from   the 


RniNO'SIS,  from  'pivoj,  'a  skin,  leather,' or 
from  piKvoq,  'rugous.'  The  state  of  looseness  and 
excess  of  skin  observed  in  phthisis. — Vogcl. 

RHINOSTEGNOSIS,  Rhinanchone. 

RHIPTASMOS,  Jactation. 

RHIPTOLUSIA,  Affusion. 

RHIS,  Nasus. 

RHIZA,  Radix. 

RHIZAGRA,  Punch. 

RIIIZO'iMA,  Rhizome,  from  'pi^a,  'aroot.'  The 
part  of  the  root  of  a  plant,  which  consists  of  wood 
or  flesh,  as  in  the  carrot. 

RIIIZOPII'AGUS,  from  'pi^a,  'a  root,'  and 
0ay(i),  •  I  eat.'     One  who  lives  on  roots. 

RHIZOTOMIST,  see  Simples. 

RIIIZOTOMUS,  Apothecary. 

RHOA,  Punica  granatura. 

RHODELiE'ON,  Ohnui  msa'rnm.  Oil  of  roses, 
or  oil  impregnated  with  roses. 

RHO'DIA,  Rhndi'oln  ro'nea.  Rosea,  RoHcwort, 
(F.)  Rhodiole,  from  'poiov,  'arose,'  owing  to  its 
odour.  Se.T.  Si/sf.  Dioecia  Octandria.  The  root, 
Roseroot,  when  dry,  has  a  very  pleasant  smell, 
and  is  slightly  astringent.     It  is  not  used. 

RHO'DTNUS,  'po^tvoi,  Rho'dius,  Rona'ceus, 
Ro'seus,  Rosa'tns,  (F.)  Rosat,  Rosy.  Formed  of, 
or  containinfj,  roses. 

RHODIOLA  ROSEA,  Rhodia. 

RHODIOLE,  Rhodia. 

RIIODITES  VINUM.  Wine  in  which  roses 
have  been  macerated. 

RIIO'DIUM  LIGNUM,  Rhodium  or  Rosewood, 
from  'poiov,  '  a  rose.'  The  wood  or  root  of  a  tree 
supposed  to  be  Genis'ta  Camvien'sis  of  Linnaeus. 
(F.)  Bois  dc  rose,  Bois  de  Chypre.  Ord.  Legunii- 
nosae.  Sex.  Syst.  Diadelphia  Decandria.  The 
essential  oil  is  a  perfume,  and  possesses  cordial 
and  tonic  virtues.     Its  smell  is  attractive  to  fish, 

r'hODIUS,  Rhodinus. 

RHODODAPIINE,  Nerium  oleander. 

RHODODAPHNIS,  Nerium  oleander. 

RIIODODEN'DRON  CHRYSAN'TIIEMUM, 
R.  chrysnn'thum  seu  au'reum  seu  officina'le,  Ole- 
au'der,  Rose-hay,  Yellow  rhododeudrum.  Moun- 
tain Laurel,  (F.)  Rosage,  R.  chrysanthe.  Rose  de 
Siherie,  from  'po^ov,  'a  rose,'  and  iivbpov,  'a 
tree.'  Nat.  Ord.  Ericaceae.  Sex.  Syst.  Decan- 
dria Monogynia.  This  plant  has  been  recom- 
mended in  rheumatism,  gout,  and  syphilis.  In 
an  overdose,  it  produces  aero-narcotic  symp- 
toms. 

RnODODEN'DRON  Max'iMUM,  Great  Laurel,  Ame- 
rican Rose-bay.  An  indigenous  shrub,  Ord.  Eri- 
caceae, which  flowers  in  July.  It  is  stimulant 
and  astringent,  and  has  been  used  by  the  Indians 
in  gout  and  rheumatism. 

Rhododendron  Puncta'tum.  Indigenous;  has 
similar  properties. 

RHODOM'ELA  PALMA'TA,  {'poiov,  'arose,' 
and  pii^i,  'honey,')  Dulse,  Sac'charine  Fucus. 
One  of  the  Algae,  eaten  in  large  quantities 
throughout  the  marftime  countries  of  the  north 
of  Europe,  and  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago. 

RIIODOMELI,  Mel  rosae. 

RHODON,  Rosa,  Rosa  centifolia. 

RIIODOSACCHARUM,    Confectio  rosae  gal- 

RIIODOSTACTON,  Mel  rosae. 

RHODOSTAGMA,  Aqua  rosae. 

RIIffiA,  Punica  granatum. 

RHCEAS,  see  Papaver  rhoeas. 

RIIOEBDESTS,  Absorption. 

RIICEUM,  Rheum. 

RHOGMOS,  Rattle. 

RHOI'TES,  'poiTTis,  a  wine  impregnated  with 
the  pomegranate  ;  from  'po«,  the  Pomegranate, — 
Dioscoridcs.     A  confection,  made  by  boiling  the 


miOMBOIDEUS 


803 


RIBWORT 


juice  of  the  pomegranate  in  honey.  —  Paulus  of 
jEgina. 

KIIOMBOiDE'US,  from  >a<;3o5,  'a  rhombus,' 
whose  sides  are  equal,  with  two  obtuse  and  two 
acute  angles.  Ulionibo'ideua  mnjor  and  viiiior, 
J{h()iiibo'i'<Jes,  Cervici-dorso-ncapulaire.  A  muscle 
fituate  at  the  posterior  inferior  part  of  the  neck, 
iind  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  back.  It  has  a 
rlioinboidal  shape,  and  is  attached,  by  its  inner 
I'llge,  to  the  posterior  cervical  ligament,  and  to 
the  spinous  processes  of  the  last  cervical  verte- 
bra, and  of  the  first  four  or  five  dorsal.  By  Its 
(lutcr  edge,  it  is  attached  to  the  spinal  or  poste- 
rior edge  of  the  scapula.  It  is  divided  into  two 
fasciculi,  constituting  the  Rhomhoideua  major  and 
Jlh.  minor,  the  latter  being  situate  higher  than  the 
(ither.  This  muscle  draws  the  scapula  backwards 
and  upwards,  and  impresses  upon  it  a  rotatory 
niotioii,  which  brings  its  inferior  angle  nearer  to 
the  s[)ine  ;  and,  consequently,  depresses  the  an- 
terior angle  and  the  shoulder. 

RHOMBOS,  'pon^oi.  A  bandage  mentioned  by 
Galen,  so  called  on  account  of  its  rhomboidal 
shape. 

RIIONCHAL,  Ithoncha'lis,  from  rhonchna,  'rat- 
tle.' Relating  or  appertaining  to  rhonchus  ; — as 
'  ilniiirhcd  fluctuation,'  the  fremitus  that  occurs 
through  the  influence  of  respiration  as  an  attend- 
ant on  cavernous  rhonchi. — Walshe. 

RHONCHUS,  Rattle,  Snoring,  Stertor— r.  Ca- 
vernous, see  Gurgling — r.  Cavernulous,  see  Gur- 
gling. 

Rhonchus,  Clicking.  A  rhonchus  which  has 
been  considered  positively  indicative  of  the  e.xist- 
ence  of  tubercles  in  the  lungs. [?] 

Rho.nchus,  Crepitans,  Jfdle  crepitant — r.  Cre- 
pitans Redux,  see  Crepitant  —  r.  Mucous,  see 
Jldle  muqueiix — r.  Sibilans,  see  Bale  crepitant  — 
r.  Sihilus,  Rd/c  sibilant — r.  Sonorus,  Mule  aonore 

—  r.  Subcrepitant,  see  Rule  muqueux. 
RliOPALISMUS,  Priapismus. 
RHOPALOSIS,  Plica,  Pupil,  Uvea. 
RIIOPE,  C(mgestion. 
RIIOTACISMUS,  Rotacism. 
RHUBARB,  Rheum  —  r.  Chinese,  see  Rheum 

—  r.  French,  Rheum  Rhaponticum  —  r.  India, 
.■ioo  Rheum  —  r.  Kriinea,  Rheum  Rhaponticum 
— r.  Monk's,  Rume.v  Alpinus,  Rumex  patientia — 
r.  Poor  man's,  Thalictron  —  r.  Rhapontic,  Rheum 
Rhaponticum — r.  Russia,  see  Rheum — r.  Turkey, 
see  Rheum — r.  Wild,  Convolvulus  panduratus. 

RlJVBARliE,  Rheum— r.  Fausse,  Thalictron 

—  r.  des  IndeH,  Convolvulus  mechoacan  —  r.  dea 
Pauvrea,  Thalictron  —  r.  Sauoage,  llumcx  pati- 
entia. 

RHUE,  Ruta. 

Rfff'.U,  Rum. 

RHl'MAPYRA,  Rheumatism,  acute. 

RHUMATALGIA,  Rheumatism,  chronic. 

nilFMATALGIE,  Rheumatism,  chronic. 

JlIfl'^fA  TIQUE,  Rheumatic. 

RHIMA  TISAXr,  Rheumatic. 

R III' MA  TISMAL,  Rheumatic. 

A'//  U MA  rrSME,  Rheumatism  -—  r.  Aigu, 
Rheumatism,  acute — r.  Articulaire  aigu,  Rheu- 
matism, acute — r.  Clironique,  Rheumatism,  chro- 
nic— r.  Prfabdominale,  Rheumatism,  pneabdom- 
inal — r.  d.  I' Uterus,  Metrorrheuma. 

RHUME,  Rheum  —  r.  de  Cerveau,  Coryza  — 
)•.  lie  I'oilrine,  Catarrh. 

RHUS  COPALLINA,  see  Rhus  glabra. 

Rhi'S  CoRIA'kia,  Adii'rion,  Snmach,  Shumach, 
Elm-leaved  Sumacfi,  (F.)  Sumac  des  Corro;/- 
eiira,  Roure.  Ord.  Anaeardiacese.  Sex.  Si/at. 
Pontandria  Monogynia.  This  i.s  the  only  species 
of  the  genus  rhus  that  is  innocent.  Both  the 
leaves  and  berries  have  been  used  as  astringents 
and  tonics. 

Rhus    Glabra,    'Smooth    Sumach.'     Indige- 


nous, and  officinal  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States.  An  infusion  of  the  fruit  —  Rhus 
glabrum  [?  ]  —  which  is  acid  and  astringent,  has 
been  used  as  a  cooling  drink,  and  as  a  gargle. 
An  infusion  of  the  inner  bark  of  the  root  has  been 
recommended  in  mercurial  ptyalism. 

Rhus  Radi'cANS,  R.  vemix,  Poiaon  vine  {Ame- 
rica). This  plant  is  poisonous  (see  Poisons,  Ta- 
ble of),  and  is  extremely  acrid,  when  applied  to 
the  skin,  producing  erysipelas  and  vesications, 
and  has  been  used,  like  the  next  variety,  in  pa- 
ralysis, and  other  nervous  affections. 

Rhus  Sylvestpis,  Myrica  gale. 

Rhus  Typhi'na,  »SVf(//'8  horu  Sumach,  a.r\d  Rhus 
Copalli'na,  Jlountaiii  Sumach,  have  similar 
properties. 

Rhus Toxicoden'dhon,  Toxicoden'dmn, Poison 
Ook  (America),  (F.)  Sumac  reneneux.  This  plant 
has  been  used  in  paralytic  affections  and  cutane- 
ous eruptions.  It  is  poisonous,  like  the  last. 
Dose,  gr.  ss.  to  gr.  iv. 

Rhus  Typhina,  see  Rhus  glabra. 

Rhus  Venena'ta,  Poison  Sumach,  and  Rhus 
Pu'mila,  have  similar  properties. 

Rhus  Vernix,  Rh.  railicans. 

RIIYAS,  from  'piin,  '  I  flow.'  An  ulceration  of 
the  lachrymal  caruncle,  with  a  constant  flow  of 
tears. — Blancard. 

RIIYPARIA,  Rupia,  Sordes  primarum  viarum. 

RHYPIA,  Rupia. 

RIIYPOS,  Sordes. 

RHYPTICA,  Detergents. 

RHYPTICUS,  Abstergent. 

RHYSIS,  Flux. 

RHYSMUS,  Rhythm. 

RHYSSEMA,  Wrinkle. 

RHYTHM,  Rhythmua,  'pu^^io?,  Rhysmua,  (F.) 
Rhythme,  '  measured  movement.'  The  order  of 
proportion,  as  regards  time,  which  reigns  between 
the  difl'erent  movements  of  an  organ  —  as  of  the 
organism  in  health  and  disease.  Thus,  rhythm 
is  applied  to  the  diurnal  variations  of  the  pulse; 
and  to  the  paroxysmal  movements  of  an  inter- 
mittent. 

RHYTHMICAL,  Periodical. 

Rhythmical  Contractions  op  Muscles  are 
those  that  succeed  one  another  after  regular  in- 
tervals. 

RHYTHMUS,  Rhythm. 

RHYTIDOSIS,  Rutidosis. 

RIB,  Costa — r.  False,  see  Costa  —  r.  Floating, 
see  Costa  —  r.  Sternal,  see  Costa  —  r.  True,  see 
Costa, 

RIBES  GROSSULARIA,  R.  uva  crispa. 

Ribes  Nigrum,  J{.  ol'idum,  Grossula'ria  nigra, 
Cassia,  Black  Currant,  (iazel,  (F.)  Groseillier 
voir.  Ord.  Grossulacese.  Sex.  Si/st.  Pentan- 
dria  Monogynia.  The  berries — Black  currants — 
have  been  recommended  in  sore-throat,  as  diu- 
retics. The  leaves  have  been  advised  for  the 
same  purpose.  They  are  chiefly  used  as  preserves. 

Ribes  Glidum,  R.  nigrum  —  r.  Officinale,  R. 
rubrum. 

Ribes  Rubrum,  R.  officina'le  seu  vuh/a're, 
Grossula'ria  non  spino'sa  seu  rubra.  Red  cur- 
rant, (F.)  Groseillier  rouge  ;  of  which  the  White 
is  only  a  variety.  It  is  cultivated,  and  afl'ords 
an  agreeable  fruit — Red  currants,  (F.)  GroseiUea. 
It  possesses  the  qualities  of  the  subacid  fruits  in 
general,  and  makes  an  excellent  preserve. 

Ribes  Uva  Crispa,  R.  grossulu'ria,  Coinmon 

gooseberry.  The  fruit —  Groasnla'ria.  (F.)  Gro- 
seille  it  uiaquereau.  Gooseberry,  Feaberry  —  is 
agreeable,  and  makes  a  good  preserve. 

RiBKS  Vulgarr,  R.  rubrum. 

RIBGRASS.  Plantago  lanceolata. 

RIBS,  NECK  OF  THE,  Collum  costarum  — r. 
Short,  see  Costa. 

RIBWORT,  Plantago  Virginica. 


RICE 


804 


RISUS 


RTCE,  Oryza — r.  Disease,  Cholera— r.  Ground, 
see  Oryza — r.  Jelly,  see  Oryza. 

Rice  Water,  see  Oryza.  The  evacuations  of 
cholera  have  been  termed  —  from  their  resem- 
blance to  riee-water  —  '  rice-icater  discharges  ;' 
and  in  India,  '  congee  discharges  ;'  —  congee  in 
Hindoostanee  meaning  '  rice-water.' 

Rice,  Wild,  Zizania  aquatica.' 

RICIIARDSONIA,  see  Ipecacuanha. 

RICHLEAF,  Collinsonia  Canadensis. 

RICH  WEED,  Actaea  racemosa,  Ambrosia  tri- 
fida,  Collinsonia  Canadensis,  Pilea  pumila. 

ItlCIN,  Ricinus  communis. 

RICINOIDES,  Jatropha  curcas. 

RICINUS  COMMU'NIS,  from  richms,  'a 
tick,'  which  its  seed  resembles;  Ricinus  vulgn'ria 
seu  vii-'idin,  Palma  Chrixti,  Catapn'tia  major, 
Faha  piiryu'trix,  Cerua,  Kenia,  Cici,  Castor  oil 
plant,  (F.)  Iticin,  Feve  purgntif.  Ord.  Euphor- 
biaccse.  Sex.  Si/st.  Monoecia  Monadelphia.  Cas- 
tor-oil seeds,  whence  the  oil  is  obtained,  are  in- 
odorous ;  taste  acrid  and  slightly  sweetish.  One 
or  two  seeds  —  Sem'ina  Catapu'tim  niaj'o'ris '^ea 
lilc"ini  vidyu'ris — will  act  as  a  cathartic  ;  but  the 
oil  is  alone  used.  It  is  obtained  by  Viruising  the 
castor-seeds,  previously  decorticated,  and  then 
expressing  the  oil  without  the  application  of  heat. 
Recently-drawn  castor  oil,  O/enm  de  kerva  seu 
Icervi'inim,  Alher'va,0.  Iiic"ini  seu  Cic"iniim  seu 
Palma  liq'uidiim  seu  de  Palnid  Christi, —  in  the 
United  States  often  called  simply  Oil,  (F.)  Hid/e 
de  Ricin — is  inodorous  and  nearly  insipid.  It  is 
cathartic,  operating  speedily,  and  may  be  used  in 
all  cases  where  powerfully  stimulating  purgatives 
would  be  injurious.  Dose,  f^.)  to  f^^iss.  Hufe- 
land  recommends  that  a  drop  of  croton  oil  shall 
be  added  to  an  ounce  of  the  oil  of  poppy,  and  that 
the  mixture  shall  be  called  O'lenm  Ric"ini  Offi- 
cinn'le. 

At  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  the  oil  is  obtained 
from  Ricinus  liv'idiis. 

A  variety  of  Ricinus  at  Cape  Verd  is  employed 
by  the  inhabitants  to  increase  the  secretion  of 
milk.  It  is  applied  in  the  form  of  poultice,  made 
■with  the  green  leaves,  to  the  mammae,  or  of  a 
strong  decoction,  with  which  the  mammae  and 
the  external  parts  of  generation  are  washed. 

RuiNi's  LiviDi'S,  see  Ricinus  communis  —  r. 
Major,  Jatropha  curcas — r.  Minor,  Jatropha  ma- 
nihot  —  r.  Yiridis,  R.  communis  —  r.  Vulgaris,  R. 
communis. 

RK-K,  Malleolus. 

RICKETS,  Rachitis. 

RICKETY,  Rachificus. 

RICTUS  LUPIN  US,  see  Harelip. 

RfDF.  Wrinkle. 

RfDE,  Wrinkled. 

RIDING  (of  B<ines).  Osainm  svperposit"io, 
(F.)  Chi  ranch  ement.  Displacement  of  the  frag- 
ments of  a  bone,  chiefly  produced  by  the  contrac- 
tion of  muscles,  which  occasions  shortening  of 
1he  limb;  the  fractured  extremities  rjrfuig'  over 
each  other  instead  of  being  end  to  end. 

RmiNG-HAG,  Incubus. 

RIFE,  (Sax.)  pype,  (Prov.)  Brief.  Prevail- 
ing; as  applied  to  diseases. 

RIFT.  Eructation. 

RIGIDITAS,  Rigidity. 

RiotniTAS  Articulo'rum,  Ancylo'sis  spu'ria. 
Stiffness  of  the  joints.     False  ancylosis. 

RIGIDITJS,  Rigidity— r.  Cadaverique,sQQ  Ri- 
gidity. 

Ri(4TDITY,7?/f/K?'(7(T«,  from  rigere,  'to stiffen,' 
(F.)  Ritjidite,  Roidenr,  Ruidenr.  Great  stiffness 
of  fibre,  or  want  of  suppleness.  The  stiffness 
of  the  dead  body.  Cadnv'eric  rigidity,  (F.)  Roideiir 
ou  Rigidite.  cadaveriqne,  is  one  of  the  signs  of 
the  cessation  of  life.     It  may  be  removed,  how- 


ever, for  a  time,  by  the  injection  into  the  nrtoriog 
of  oxygenated  defibrinated  blood.  See  Rigor 
mortis. 

RI'GOR,  Rhigos,  Algor,  Coldness,  Cheim'in, 
(F.)  Frisson.  Same  etymon.  Sensation  of  cold, 
with  involuntary  shivering  or  shaking  of  the  whole 
body  : — a  symptom  of  fever.  A  slighter  degree, 
and  at  times  full  rigor,  is  occasionally  termed  a 
chill,  (Prov.)  cream  ;  frigus  ten'ne,  per/rigera'lin. 

Rigor  Artuum,  Contractura  —  r.  Cadavcrosus, 
Rigor  mortis  —  r.  Corporis  mortui,  Itigor  mortis 
— r.  Emortualis,  Rigor  mortis  —  r.  Maxilla;  infc- 
rioris.  Trismus. 

Rigor  Mortis,  R.  cor'poria  mor'tni  seu  cndn- 
vero'sHS  seu  emortuu'lis,  Necronarce'ma,  (F.)  Rui- 
dcur  ou  Raideur  ou  Rigiditi  cadavirique.  '  Stiff- 
ness of  death.'  Death  stiffening.  The  rigidiiy 
of  limbs  that  occurs  on  dissolution.  See  Rigidity. 

Rigor  Nkkvokum,  Tetanus  —  r.  Nervosus,  Te- 
tanus. 

RIMA,  Schisma,  Schiza ;  'a  fissure,  a  cleft:' 
as  Rima  seu  Ri'mnla  Glot'tidis  seu  Laryu'gis,  the 
opening  of  the  glottis.  Rima  seu  R.  magna  ludvee, 
Intro'itns,  Sinns  vidvcp,  Scapha,  Scophus  seu  Fis- 
su'ra  magna  seu  Svissn'ra  vnlrm,  iSchiza,  the 
opening  of  the  vulva.  See  Vulva.  Rima  oris, 
the  opening  of  the  mouth. 

Rima  Canalis  Oruitauii,  Suborbitar  fissure  — 
r.  ad  Infundibulum,  Vulva  cerebri  —  r.  Laryngis, 
Rima  glottidis — r.  Magna  Vulva;,  see  Rima  —  r. 
Oris,  see  Rima — r.  Transversa  Magna  Cerebri,  Fis- 
sure, transverse,  of  the  brain — r.  Vulva;,  see  Rima. 

RIM^,  Rhagades. 

RIMULA  GLOTTIDIS,  Rima  glottidis  —  r. 
Laryngis,  Rima  glottidis. 

RINjEUS,  Compressor  naris. 

RINCHOS,  Rostrum. 

RING,  (Sax.)  hpins,  pins,  (Germ.)  Ring, 
Cricos,  (F.)  Anneau.  A  name  given  to  natural, 
circular,  or  roundish  apertures,  with  muscular  or 
aponeurotic  parietes,  which  serve  for  the  passage 
of  some  vessel  or  canal :  —  as  the  umhilicul  ring, 
inqninal  ring,  &e. 

■rings,  FESTOONED,  Annuli  tibro-cartila- 
ginei — r.  Fibro-cartilaginous,  Annuli  iibro-carti- 
laginei. 

RING-FINGER,  Annular  finger. 

RINGMAN,  Annular  finger. 

RINGWORM,  Herpes  cireinatus  —  r.  of  the 
Scalp,  Porrigo  scutulata — r.  Ulcerative,  Herpes 
exedens  —  r.  Vesicular,  Herpes  praeputii. 

RIO  VINAIGRO,  Passamhio.  A  stream  of 
some  size  in  New  Grenada,  which  is  strongly  im- 
pregnated with  sulphuric  acid. 

RIRE  ou  RIS,  Risus — r.  Canin,  Canine  laugh 
—  r.  Moqnenr,  Canine  laugh  —  r.  Sardonien,  Ca- 
nine laugh,  Risus  sardonicus  —  r.  Surdoniqne, 
Canine  laugh. 

RISAGON,  Cassumuniar. 

RISIGALLUM,  Orpiment. 

RISING,  see  Regurgitation  —  r.  of  the  Lights, 
Cynanche  trachcalis. 

Rising  or  Eleva'tion  of  the  Pulse,  PuUds 
eleva'tio.  The  pulse  is  said  to  rise,  when  it  be- 
comes more  full  and  frequent,  as  occurs  in  the 
exacerbation  of  acute  diseases. 

RISO'RIUS  NOV  US.  Santorini  gives  this 
name  to  a  portion  of  the  platysma  myoides, 
which  passes  from  the  cheek  towards  the  com- 
missure of  the  lips. 

RISSIGALLUM,  Orpiment. 

RISUS,  from  ridere,  risnm,  'to  laugh.'  Gelns, 
Langhing,  Laughter,  Langh,  (F.)  Rire  ou  Ri». 
An  involuntary  movement  of  the  muscles  of  the 
face,  and  of  the  lips  in  particular,  accompanied 
with  a  sonorous  and  interrupted  respiration,  com- 
monly indicating  mirth  and  satisfaction. 

Risus  Apium,  Ranunculus  sceleratus — r.  Ca- 
ninus,  Canine  laugh — r.  Involuntarius,  Canine 


RITA-CniSTINA 


8  05 


ROSAGE 


laugh  —  r.  S.-irdonicus,  Canine  laugh  —  r.  Spasti- 
CU8,  Canine  hiugh. 

RITA-CKISTINA.  A  celebrated  double  mon- 
ster, born  in  Sardinia,  in  1829.  It  lived  to  be 
nearly  nine  months  old.  Two  distinct  bodies  were 
united  at  the  pelvis.  Below,  the  monster  was  sisgle. 

RIVER  WEED,  Conferva  rivalis. 

RIV^IN(r,  Eructation.  , 

RIZ,  Ory/.a. 

R(MN  TREE,  Sorbus  acuparia. 

ROB,  Roob,  Hobub,  Rohob,  Rohiib,  {F.)E.xtra!t 
(k'H  fruitt.  This  word,  of  Arabic  extraction, 
means  the  juice  of  any  fruit  thickened  to  the 
consistence  of  honey  by  evaporation,  before  it 
lias  fermented.  The  juice  of  the  grape,  boiled  to 
this  consistence,  was  called  Sajta,  and,  when  not 
([uite  80  thick,  De/ni'tum. 

Rob  Cvno.sbatos,  Confeotio  rosas  caninae — r. 
ex  Moris,  Diamorion — r.  Nucuin,  Diaearyon. 

ROBIN-RUN-AWAY,  (Jleehoma  hederacea. 

R015IN-RUN-TIIE-11EDGE,  (ialiuin  aparine. 

ROBIN'IA  AMA'RA,  Ord.  Leguminosic. 
Sex.  Si/xt.  Diadelpliia  Decandria.  The  roots  of 
tbe  Jinhinin  amara  of  Cochin  China  are  bitter, 
and  have  been  recouunended,  especially  in  that 
country,  in  diarrhoea  and  dyspepsia. 

RoBlNiA  Pseudo-Aca'cia,  Pseudaca'cia  odo- 
rn'tii,  Fidne  Acd'cin,  Black  Locust,  Lociint-lree  ; 
native  of  America.  The  flowers  are  said  to  pos- 
fcss  antispasmodic  properties,  and  the  bark  of  the 
root  to  be  emetic  and  cathartic. 

ROIiOHANS,  Corroborant. 

ROliOHANTIA,  Tonics. 

liOBUB,  Rob. 

ROCCELLA,  Lichen  roccella  —  r.  Tinctoria, 
Lichen  roccella. 

ROCHE'S  EMBROCATION  FOR  HOOPING- 
COUGH.  An  empirical  preparation,  composed 
(if  «/.  oliv.  ,'xvj,  o/.  «Mcc/».  ^viij,  ol.  caryoph., 
q.  s.  to  scent  it  strongly. 

ROCIIEIt,  see  Temporal  bone. 

ROCllETTA  ALEXANDRINA,  Soda. 

ROCKIiRTDGE  ALUM  SPRINGS,  see  Vir- 
ginia, mineral  waters  of. 

ROCKET,  GARDEN,  Brassica  eruoa  — r.  Ro- 
man, Brassica  eruca. 

ROCK  ROSE,  Ilelianthemuui  Canadense,  II. 
Corvmbosum. 

ROCOU.  Terra  Orleana. 

RODDIKIN,  Abomasus. 

RODPjXS,  sec  Sorbus  acuparia. 

RODEX-TREE.  Sorbus  acuparia. 

RODSCHIEDIA  BURSA  PASTORIS,  Thlaspi 
bursa. 

HOONE,  Psora. 

ROHAB,  Rob. 

ROIIENA  BARK,  Swietenia. 

ROIIOB.  Rob. 

ROIIUX,  see  Strychnos  nux  vomica. 

ROIDEUR,  Rigidity  —  r.  Cadaveriqiie,  Rigor 
mortis. 

ROrSDORFF,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Alkaline  waters  in  (iermany,  which  contain  car- 
bonic acid  and  carbonate  of  soda. 

ROLLER.  Bandage,  Fascia, 

ROMARIX,  Rosmarinus — »■.  dea  Slarnia,  Sta- 
tico  liiiHiniuin  —  r.  S<iiimi(jp.  Ledum  sylvestre. 

ROME,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  The  "climate  of 
Rome,  as  regards  its  physical  qualities,  is  con- 
sidered to  bo  one  of  the  best  in  Italy.  It  is  pe- 
culiarly still ;  and,  hence,  has  been  esteemed 
favourable  as  a  winter  climate  in  pulmonary  dis- 
eases, and  for  invalids  generally,  as  it  admits  of 
their  taking  exercise  in  tbe  open  air  at  a  lower 
temperature  than  they  otherwise  could  do.  In 
the  early  stages  of  consumption,  Sir  James  Clark 
generally  found  tbe  climate  favourable. 

RO}[PEVRE.  Hernia. 

RUMRT-PIERRE,  Pimpinella  saxifraga. 


RONCE.  Rubus  idaeus  —  r.  DIeue,  Rubus  cae- 
sius  —  >:  de  Mnutagne,  Rubus  chameemorus  —  r. 
Xuire,  Rubus  fruticosus. 

RONCHUS,  Snoring,  Stertor. 

ROND,  Round  —  r.  Grand,  Teres  major  —  r. 
Petit,  Teres  minor. 

RONE,  Sorbus  acuparia. 

RONFLEMENT,  Snoring,  Stertor,  see  Rattle 
—  r.  de  Diuhle,  Bruit  de  Uiuble. 

RONNACHS,  Triticum  repens. 

RONNING,  Rennet. 

ROOB,  Rob. 

ROOF  OF  THE  MOUTH,  Palate. 

ROOM,  Pityriasis. 

ROOT,  Radix  —  r.  Ague,  Aletris  farinosa  —  r. 
Bitter,  Apocynum  androsaemifolium  —  r.  Canada, 
Asclepias  tuberosa — r.  Colic,  Aletris — r.  Red,  Ce- 
lastrus,  Lachnanthes  tinctoria — r.  Rough,  Liatris. 

Root  of  Scarcity,  Beta  hybrida. 

Root,  Squaw,  Acta?a  racemosa — r.  Sweet,  Aco- 
rus  calamus  —  r.  Unicorn,  Aletris  farinosa  —  r. 
White,  Ligusticum  actajofolium — r.  Yellow,  Xan- 
thoriza  apiifolia,  Jefi'ersonia  Bartoni. 

ROPE,  Nanus. 

Rope  Bahk,  Dirca  palustris. 

ROQUETTE,  Brassica  eruca,  Soda. 

RORELLA,  Drosera  rotundifolia. 

RORIF'EROUS,  Ror'ifer,  (F.)  Rorifere,  from 
JOS,  roria,  '  dew,'  itwd /erre,  '  to  carry.'  An  epithet 
given  to  vessels  which  pour  exhaled  fluids  on  the 
surface  of  organs. 

RoitiFERous  Duct,  Thoracic  duct. 

ROS,  Sperm — r.  Calabrinus,  Fraxinus  ornus — 
r.  Soils,  Drosera  rotundifolia. 

ROSA,  Cfioiov,)  R.  centifolia  —  r.  Afzeliana,  R. 
canina. 

Rosa  Alba,  R.  w>itittiii'Hima  scu  hucun'ihd. 
The  White  Roae,  (F.)  Rosier  bluiic.  Ord.  Ro- 
sacea). Se.c.  Sijst.  Icosandria  Polygynia.  The 
flowers  of  this  species  possess  similar  but  inferior 
qualities  to  the  damask. 

Rosa  Armata,  R.  canina — r.  Asturica,  see  Pel- 
lagra— r.  Austriaca,  R.  Gallica  —  r.  Calycina,  R. 
canina. 

Rosa  Cani'.na,  7?.  sylves'tria  seu  aentico'tn  seu 
Stvartzia'iia  seu  A/zelia'na  seu  armn'ta  seu  caty- 
ci'ua  seu  rubra  viili/a'rii!,  Ci/iior' rhodon,  Coiiirn'- 
biis,  Caiii'nuH  iScntis,  Cynocyt'isii^,  Cyiiospae'tiiiii, 
Cynoa'hatos,  Dofj  rose,  Wild  Briar,  Hip  Tree, 
(F.)  Rose  dii  chieii,  E(/laiitier  de  ehien,  E.  sau- 
viii/e.  The  fruit  of  this  variety,  called  Ifcjjs  or 
Hips,  Hops,  (Sc.)  fJoghip,  has  a  sourish  taste,  and 
is  formed  into  a  conserve.  See  Confectio  cynos- 
bati.  It  is  seldom  employed,  except  to  give  form 
to  more  active  remedies;  as  to  pills,  boluses, 
linctuses,  Ac. 

Rosa  Centifo'lia,  Rosa,  R.  Davmace'na  seu 
Pal'lida,  Hecatomphyl'la,  Damask  Rose,  Hun- 
dred leaved  or  Cabbage  rose',  (F.)  Rosier  d  cent 
feuilles,  R/iodott.  The  petals  of  this  rose  have  an 
extremely  fragrant  odour,  and  sub-acidulous  taste. 
They  are  laxative:  but  are  scarcely  used  for  any 
purposes  except  for  the  distillation  of  rose  water. 
Oil  of  Roses,  Oleum  Rosar,  Attar,  Otto  or  Esseuci 
of  Roses,  and  the  formation  of  a  syrup. 

Rosa  Damascena,  R.  centifolia. 

Rosa  Gal'lica,  R.  Austriaca  seu  rubra.  Red 
Rose.  (F.)  Rosier  de  Proviiis.  The  petals  of  this 
variety  are  astringent;  and  are  used  in  infusion, 
conserve,  <fec. 

Rosa  Leucantha,  R.  alba — r.  Pallida,  R.  cen- 
tifolia— r.  Rubra.  R.  Gallica — r.  Rubra  vulgaris. 
R.  canina  —  r.  Saltans,  Essera  —  r.  Senticosa,  R. 
canina  —  r.  Swartziana,  R.  canina  —  r.  Sylvestris, 
R.  cjmina  —  r.  Usatitissima,  R.  alba. 

ROSACE,  Roseola. 

ROSACEUS,  Rhodinus. 

ROSAGE,  Nerium  oleander,  Rhododendron 
cbrysauthcmum. 


ROSAGO 


806 


ROTTLERA   TINCTORIA 


ROSAGO.  Noriuin  oleander. 

ROSALIA.  Scarlatina. 

ROSALT^..  Scarlatina. 

J{OSAT.  Rhoilinus. 

ROSATUS,  Rhodinus. 

ROSE,  Erysipelas  —  r.  Cabbage,  Rosa  centi- 
folia — r.  Campion,  Lychnis  githago — r.  Christinas, 
Helleborus  niger — r.  Corn,  Papaver  rhceas — r.  Da- 
mask, Rosa  centifolia  —  r.  Dog,  Rosa  canina  —  r. 
Dog,  conserve  or  confection  of,  Confectio  rosoe 
caninae. 
.  liOSE  DU  CHI  EN,  Rosa  canina. 

Rose,  IIumdrkd- leaved,  Rosa  centifolia  —  r. 
Murine,  Rosmarinus. 

R6sE  Rash,  Roseola. 

Rose,  Red,  Rosa  Gallica  —  r.  Rock,  Ilelian- 
tbemuui  Corj'mbosum. 

ROSE  DE  SinERIE,  Rhododendron  crysan- 
themum — r.  Spots,  Spots,  red. 

Rose,  White,  Rosa  alba. 

ROSEA,  Rbodia. 

ROSEBALM,  SCARLET,  Monarda  coccinea. 

ROSEBAY,  AMERICAN,  Rhododendron 
maximum. 

ROSE  DROP,  Gatta  rosea. 

ROSEE  DU  SOLEIL,  Drosera  rotundifolia. 

ROSELLINA,  Roseolse. 

ROSEMARY,  Rosmarinus  —  r.  Marsh,  Statiee 
limonium,  and  S.  Caroliniana  —  r.  Wild,  Erioce- 
phalus  unibellulatus. 

ROSENHEIM,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Rosenheim  is  34  miles  S.  E.  from  Miiiiich,  in 
Bavaria.  The  waters  contain  sulphuretted  hy- 
drogen, carbonic  acid,  carbonate  of  lime,  chlo- 
rides of  calcium  and  magnesium,  carbonate  of 
soda,  and  oxide  of  iron.     They  arc  used  as  tonics. 

ROSE'OLA,  Exanthe'iis  Roseola,  Rose  Rush, 
(F. )  Rose.ole,  Eruption  niiomrtle,  Rosnce,  Fiecre 
rouge,  Ejjlorescence  erysipe/alense,  from  rosa,  'the 
rose,'  on  account  of  the  colour.  An  efflorescence 
in  blushing  patches,  gradually  deepening  to  a 
rose-colour,  mostly  circular  or  oval;  often  alter- 
nately fading  and  reviving;  sometimes,  with  a 
colourless  nucleus;  and  chiefly  on  the  cheeks, 
neck,  or  arms.  It  is  frequently  found,  as  a 
symptom,  in  dentition,  dyspepsia,  rheumatism, 
Ac,  and  is  of  no  consequence.  See  Roseola, 
Rubeola,  and  Scarlatina.  ' 

Roseola  Acnosa,  Gutta  rosea. 

Roseola  uEsti'va.  The  affection  which  pre- 
vails in  summer.  The  eruption  is  of  a  darker 
colour,  and  is  attended  with  more  itching. 

Roseola  Annula'ta.  Characterized  by  patches 
in  the  form  of  rose-coloured  rays,  with  central 
areas  of  the  colour  of  the  skin. 

Roseola  Ficosa,  Sycosis  —  r.  Typhosa,  Spots, 
red — r.  Variolosa,  Roseolas. 

ROSE'OLiE,  Roseola,  Roselli'nn,  Rube'ola 
spuria,  False  or  French  measles,  (F.)  Roseole, 
Fausse  rouffeole.  This  name  is  also  given  by  some 
to  an  acute  exanthem,  midway  between  measles 
and  scarlatina,  and  which  belongs  to  neither  one 
nor  the  other,  as  it  affords  no  protection  against 
either.  It  is,  also,  termed  Rubeola  by  some,  and 
Rube.'oloid,  a  term,  which  is  applicable  to  any 
eruption  resembling  rubeola.  An  eruption  which 
often  precedes  that  of  small-pox  is  termed  Roseola 
Variolo'sa. 

ROSEOLE,  Roseola,  Roseolae. 

ROSE  PINK,  Chironia  angularis. 

ROSES,  MILK  OF.  A  cosmetic  wash,  formed, 
according  to  one  method,  of  subcarbonale  of  po- 
tass, gr.  vj  ;  oil  of  almonds,  ^^j  ;  essence  of  berga- 
"'"'i  3'J  '  nq'KB  roscB,  ^iij;  orange  flower  water, 
^ij.     Mix. 

ROSEUS,  Rhodinus. 

ROSEWOOD,  Rhodium  lignum. 

ROSEWORT,  Rhodia. 


ROSIEIt   BLANC,  Rosa  alba— v.  d  Cent  feu 
illes,  R.  centifolia  —  r.  de  Provins,  Rosa  Uallica. 
ROSIN,  BLACK,  Colophonia— r.  Brown,  Colo 
phonia. 

Rosin  Weicd,  Silphiuin  laciniatum. 
Rosix,  White,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — r.  Yellow, 
see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

ROSIO  STOiMACIII,  Cardialgia  —  r.  Ventri- 
culi,  Cardialgia. 

ROSMARINUM,  Rosmarinus. 
ROSMARI'NUS,  R.  ojjiv.ina'tis  sen  l„ii/,/li„s 
sen  horten'sis,  Ahhaehil,  Libitno'lis  corona' riii, 
Dendrolib'anus,  Rosetnary,  (F.)  Roniiirin,  Rose 
marine,  Encensicr ;  Ord.  LabiataJ.  Sex.  Sijst. 
Diandria  Monogynia.  The  tops  of  this  phint, 
Rosmarinus  {Ph.  U.  S.).  Herba  Anthos,  have  a 
fragrant,  grateful  smell ;  and  an  aromatic,  warm, 
bitterish  taste,  which  is  dependent  upon  nn  es- 
sential oil,  combined  with  camphor.  Riiseiiinrv 
has  been  recommended  in  nervous  headnchs,  in 
the  form  of  infusion.  It  is  now  rarely  used,  ex- 
cept for  its  odour.  The  flower  is  called  Anthns, 
av&oi.  Its  oil —  Oleum  Rosniarini  —  is  olliciiuil. 
From  two  to  six  or  ten  drops  are  given  in  nervous 
complaints,  rubbed  up  with  sugar. 

RosMADiNiis  IlouTHNSis,  Rosmarinus — r.  Liili- 
folius,  Rosmarinus — r.  Officinalis,  Rosmarinus  — 
r.  Stcechadis  facie,  Teucrium  creticuin  —  r.  Syl- 
vestris, Ledum  sylvestre. 

ROSSALIA,  Scarlatina — r.  Squamosa,  Scarla- 
tina. 

ROSSIGNOL.  A  name  given,  in  Prance,  to 
an  affection  to  which  pressmen  are  subject.  It 
is  a  sprain,  followed  by  tumefaction  of  the  radio- 
carpal joint. 

ROSSOLIO,  see  Spirit. 

ROSTRUM,  iiAnic/ioo,  Rinchos,  Ramphos,  'a 
beak.'  (F.)  Bee.  A  name  given  to  several  old 
forceps,  on  account  of  their  resemblance  to  the 
beaks  of  different  birds.  The  principal  were  the 
Rostrum  corvi'num,  anati'nuni,  psiltiici'nnin,  vid- 
turi'ntitn.  ct/g'neum  seu  olori'num,  grui'nuin,  lueer- 
ti'num,  &o. 

RosTUiiM  Externum,  Olecranon — r.  Poroinum, 
Acromion — r.  Posterius,  Olecranon  —  r.  Sphenoi- 
dale, Azyges  processus. 

ROSY    BETTY,    Erigeron    bellidifolium  —  r. 
Bush,  Spiraea  tomentosa — r.  Drop,  Gutta  rosea — 
r.  Whelk,  Gutta  rosea. 
ROT,  Eructation. 
ROT,  Grinders',  Asthma,  grinders'. 
ROT'ACISM,   Rotcicism'us,  Rottocismus,  Rho- 
tacis'mns,  Psellin'mns  rhotacis'mus,  (F.)  Grasseye- 
ment.     A  vicious  pronunciation  of  the  Greek,  P, 
Rau,  common  in  the  northern  parts  of  England; 
especially    near   Newcastle.      Called,   there,  the 
Burr  or  Burrh. 

ROTACISMUS,  Grasseyement,  Rotacism. 
ROTA'TOR,  from  rotare,  rotatum,  {rota,  'it 
wheel,')  'to  turn  rouml,'  (F. )  Rotuteur.  A  name 
given  to  several  muscles  that  turn  the  parts  to 
which  they  are  attached  upon  their  axes  ; — such 
as  the  oblique  muscles  of  the  eyes,, the  pronators, 
supinators,  &c. 

Rotator,  Trochanter. 

Rotato'res  Dorsi.  Eleven  small  muscles  on 
each  side  of  the  dorsal  vertebra,  which  arise  from 
the  point  or  upper  edge  of  each  transverse  pro- 
cess, and  pass  to  the  lower  edge  of  the  arch  of 
the  vertebra  above,  as  far  as  the  base  of  the  trans- 
verse process.  Their  action  is  to  rotate  the  indi- 
vidual vertebrse  on  each  other. 

Rotatokes  Femoris,  Obturatores — r.  Oculi, 
Oblique  muscles  of  the  eye. 

ROTCOLL,  Cochlearia  armoracia. 
ROTTACISMUS,  Rotacism. 
ROTTLE'RATINCTO'RIA.  Aeuphorbiaceous 
plant  of  India.     A  powder  is  attached  to  the  fruit 
capsule  of  this  plant,  which  is  brushed  off  and  cul- 


ROTULA 


807 


RUBUS   AFFIXIS 


loc'ed  when  Ihe  fruit  is  dry.  It  is  called  KameyUi, 
13  used  in  Xortliern  India  as  a  verinifii^^e  for  dogs  ; 
and  has  proved  etfertual  ajiainst  tapeworm  in  man. 
The  dose  is  two  or  three  drachms,  which  purges. 
ROTULA,  Patella,  Trochiscus  —  r.  Genu,  Pa- 
tella. 

ROTULAD,  see  Rotular  aspect. 
ROT'ULAR;  from  rotnh,,  'the  patella.'     Re- 
lating or  appertaining  to  the  patella. 

Rot'ui.ak  Asi'bct.  An  aspect  towards  the 
Fide  on  which  the  rotula  is  situated.  —  Barclay. 
Jliit'iilnd  is  used  hy  the  same  writer,  adverbially, 
to  signify  '  towards  the  rotular  aspect.' 

ItOTULE,  Patella. 

KOl'U'LIAN,  RotnUn'nne,  (F.)  liofuhVii.  Re- 
lating or  belonging  to  the  rotula  or  patella. 

ROTUNDUS,  Round. 

no  I  WO  U,  Terra  Orlcana. 

ROUKN,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  This 
water,  known  under  the  name,  Eitii  des  fonltiiiiea 
dc  la  Miii-f(jnerie,  is  cold,  and  contains  carbonate 
of  iron,  carbonic  acid,  carbonate  of  lime,  chloride 
of  calcium,  &c.     It  is  tonic. 

ItOUGK,  Colcothar  —  )•.  d'Aiigfeferre,  Colco- 
thar — r.  de  Pruase,  Colcothar  —  r.  du  Sang,  llae- 
matin. 

IWUGEOLE.  Rubeola  — r.  Fauaee,  Roseolae. 

ROIUiEURS,  Flush. 

ROUtJII  ROOT,  Liatris. 

nOlULLE.  Rubiginous. 

noriEMENT  DU  LAMBEAU,  see  Flap. 

ROUND,  TereH,  Rofiin'ditu,  (F.)  Rniid.  Ana- 
tomists have  given  this  name  to  many  organs 
whose  fibres  are  collected  in  round  fasciculi.  See 
Teres. 

Round  FoRAMK>f,  Forn'mcn  rotnvd'tim.  A 
foramen  of  the  sphenoid  bone,  a  little  behind  the 
foriinien  lacenim  supen'iin,  which  gives  passage 
to  the  second  branch  of  the  fifth  pair  of  nerves, 
called  supi'ri'or  inn.rilhii-y. 

Round  IIkaut,  Thaspium  atropurpureum. 

RouNn  LiGAMKNTS  OF  THE  Uteiius,  Lkjamen'ta 
rnfiiiid'a  U'leri,  (F.)  Cordons  sua-puhipns  (Ch.), 
Cordona  vnacnlairea,  Ligaments  ronda  de  I'nterua. 
Two  cords,  which  arise  from  the  lateral  and  su- 
perior parts  of  the  uterus,  whence  they  proceed 
towards  the  abdominal  rings,  which  they  pass 
through,  and  terminate  by  vanishing  in  the  areo- 
lar tissue  of  the  groins,  mons  veneris,  and  labia 
ranjura.  These  cords  are  whitish,  flattened,  and 
narrower  in  the  middle  than  at  the  extremities. 
Acc()r<ling  to  Mr.  Rainey,  they  are  composed 
chiefly  of  the  striped  muscular  fibre. 

ROUP,  Cynanche  trachealis,  Raucedo. 

/fOr/?^,"Rhns  coriaria. 

ROUTINE  PRACTITIONER,  Routinist. 

ROUTINI.ST,  pronouireed  ronteen'iat ;  (F.) 
Hontlnier  ;  from  (F.)  routine,  ' a  regular  habit  or 
practice,  unvaried  by  circumstances.'  One  who 
practises  in  such  an  unvaried  manner:  —  a  roii- 
tine  practitioner. 

ROVE.  Scab. 

ROVING.  Delirium. 

ROWLAND'S  SPRINGS,  see  Georgia,  mine- 
ral wiitors  of. 

ROWTING.  Snoring. 

RURRER,  INDIAN,  Caoutchouc. 

RURBING  SOUND,  limit  de  Frottemenf. 

RUBE'DO,  Rubor,  'redness;'  from  ruhere,  'to 
be  red.'  A  diffused,  but  not  spotted,  redness  on 
any  part  of  the  skin  ;  like  that  which  arises  from 
blushing.     Blushing. 

RUBEF.\'CIENT,  Erethia'ma,  Erethia'ticum, 
Rnhrf'a'ciena,  from  riilier.  'red.'  and  facio,  'I 
make.'  (F.)  Rnhefiant.  That  which  produces 
redness.  A  medicine  which  causes  redness  of 
the  skin.     The  action  is  called  Rubc/action. 

RUDEFIAST,  Rubefacient 


RUBE'OLA,  Rubeola  vulga'ria,  from  riileo,  'I 
am  red.'  Roae'olae,  E.rantlie'aia  Rubeola,  Vetera'- 
na,  Rlac'cicB,  FcraoE,  Blacti(B,  Bovil'la,  Morbil'li, 
Srarlati'na  puatulo'aa  seu  milia'ria,  Fi-bris  mor- 
bitlo'aa,  T>jphua  morbil/oaua,  Phcenicia'mus,  Ec- 
phy'nHita,  .Menalea,  (Sc.)  Mirlea,  (Proy.)  Creaa, 
Crewda,  MaUa,  3/aulea,  Mfaalinga,  (F.)  Rougeolc, 
Fievre  niorhilleuae.  One  of  the  major  exanthe- 
mata; generally  affecting  individuals  but  once, 
and  produced  by  specific  contagion.  The  rash 
usually  appears  on  the  fourth,  but  sometimes  on 
the  third,  fifth,  or  sixth  day  of  a  febrile  disorder: 
and,  after  a  continuance  of  four  days,  gradually 
declines  with  the  fever.  The  disease  generally 
commences  from  ten  to  fourteen  days  after  the 
contagion  has  been  received.  The  eruption  first 
shows  itself  in  distinct,  red,  and  nearly  circular 
spots,  somewhat  less  than  the  ordinary  areolie  of 
flea-bites.  As  these  increase  in  number,  they 
coalesce;  forming  small  patches  of  an  irregular 
figure,  but  approaching  nearest  to  that  of  semi- 
circles or  crescents.  These  patches  are  inter- 
mixed with  single,  circular  dots  and  with  inter- 
stices of  the  natural  colour  of  the  skin.  On  the 
face  they  are  slightly  raised,  so  as  to  give  the 
sensation  of  inequality  of  surface  to  the  finger 
passed  over  the  cuticle.  The  disappearance  of 
the  eruption  is  followed  by  desquamation  of  the 
cuticle.  Measles  is  not  dangerous  of  itself;  but 
it  is  liable  to  induce  pneumonia  in  winter,  and 
dysentery  in  summer,  which  are,  at  times,  very 
fatal.  These  are  apt  to  come  on  at  the  time  of, 
or  soon  after,  the  disappearance  of  the  eruption. 
AVhen  they  supervene,  they  must  be  treated  as 
idiopathic  affections.  It  demands  a  general  anti- 
phlogistic treatment.  Willan  has  pointed  out  a 
kind  of  Rubeola  spu'uia,  which  he  calls  Rube- 
ola "ine  Catau'riio.  In  this  the  rnsh  runs  ils 
regular  course,  with  little  fever  or  catarrhal  affec- 
tion ;  affording  no  certain  security  against  the 
common  or  regular  disease.  He  also  gives  the 
name,  Rubeola  Nigra  or  Blatk  SIeasles,  to 
an  unusual  appearance  of  the  measles  about  the 
seventh  or  eighth  day,  when  the  rash  becomes 
suddenly  livid,  with  a  mixture  of  yellow.  It  is 
devoid  of  inconvenience  or  danger;  and  is  re- 
moved in  a  week  or  ten  daj's  by  the  mineral  acids 
and  tonics. 

Rubeola  Spuria,  Roseolae. 
RITBEOL.T^;.  Roseolae. 
RUBEOLOID.  see  Roseola?. 
RU'BIA,  from  ruber,  'red.'    R.  Tincto'rnm  sen 
peregri'na    seu   aylrea'tria  seu  major,    Erythrod'- 
auum,  Radix  rubra,  Byer'a  Madder,  Madder,  (F.) 
Garance.    Family,  Rubiaceae.    Sex.  Syat.  Tetran- 
dria  Monogynia.     The  root  of  this  plant — Rubia, 
(Ph.  U.  S.)  —  has  a  bitterish,  somewhat  austere, 
taste,  and   a  slight,  not  agreeable,  smell.     They 
were  formerly  considered  deobstruent,  detergent, 
and  diuretic. 

RUBIG"INOIIS,    Rnbigino'aua.    from    rubign. 
rubiginia,  'rust.'     (F.)  Ronille.     Rusty.     Having 
the  colour  of  rust.    An  epithet  given  to  the  sputa 
in  certain  cases  of  pneumonia. 
RURTNUS  VERUS,  Anthrax. 
RUBOR,  Rubedo. 

RUBRI'CA  FABRI'LTS,  from  ruler,  'red.'  A 
red.  heavy,  earthy  matter,  formerly  employed  for 
making  drying  plasters ;  Hard  Ruddle.  Red  Chalk. 
Rubrica  Sinop'ica.     A  heavy,  compact,  red- 
dish earth  :  formerly  used  in  diarrhoea. 
RUBRIN,  Haema'tin. 

RUBUS  AFFINIS,  R.  fruticosus;  allied  to 
ruber,  'red.' 

RrBU.s  Arc'ttcus,  Shrubby  Strawberry,  Bace(p. 
Xorland'ico'..  Ord.  Rosaceae.  Sex.  Syat.  Ico- 
sandria  Polygynia.  The  fruit  is  recommended 
by  Linnai?us  as  possessing  antiseptic,  refrigerant, 
and  antiscorbutic  qualities. 


RUCKING 


808 


RUMINATION 


RuBCS  Batus,  R.  csesius. 

KuBiTS  CjE'sids,  R.  bdtiis,  Dewheyry  plant,  (F.) 
lioiiee  bleiie.  The  fruit  resembles  the  blackberry 
ill  appearance  and  properties.  Tlie  bark  of  the 
root  of  R.  Tiivia'Us  seu  Cnnmlen'Hia  seu  procnm'- 
lic.iis  seu  flot^elld'ris,  American  Dewheny,  Low 
llhivkben-i),  is  astringent. 
IliiBi'S  Canadensis,  see  R.  etesius. 
RuBUS  CHAMi«:Mo'iius,  Ckntdhtn-ij  Tree,  Chn- 
incBiiiii'  run,  C.  N^oriveyica,  Chiiniadryn,  Cloiid- 
heiries,  Knot-herries,  (F.)  Roiice  de  Jfoiita</iie. 
The  ripe  fruit  is  sometimes  prepared  like  a  jam, 
and  used  in  fevers,  &c.,  to  allay  thirst.  It  has 
been  much  extolled  as  an  antiscorbutic. 

RuBus  Flagellabis,  see  R.  caesius — r.  Fram- 
boesianus,  R.  idseus  —  r.  Frondosus,  R.  fruti- 
cosus. 

RuBtJS  Frutico'suS,  R.  affi.'nia  seu  panicuhi'- 
fiiH  seu  in'ger  seu  frondi/sus  seu  viihjit'ris;  Com- 
iiion  liniDible,  which  affords  Blackberries,  (Prov.) 
Jlrnmbleberries,  Btimblekitea,  (F.)  Roiice  iiaire. 
The  berries  are  eaten  as  a  summer  fruit,  of  which 
they  form  a  poor  variety.  The  bark  of  the  root 
of  the  Rnbns  villo'ens,  American  Blackberry,  ffif/h 
or  utandiiii/  blackberry.  Hairy  Amerieati  Bramble, 
is  astringent  and  has  been  used  in  the  last  stages 
of  dysentery,  and  in  cholera  infantum. 

llUBUS  iDyE'us,  R.framboenia'nns,  Batns:  Rasp- 
berry, (F.)  Framboine,  Ronce.  The  fruit  of  the 
best  varieties  —  (Sc.)  Rasps,  (Prov.)  Hindberries 
—  is  extremely  agreeable;  and  is  much  used.  It 
was,  formerly,  called  Batiuon  moron. 

RuBUS  NiGRU,  R.  fruticosus  —  r.  Occidentalis, 
see  R.  strigosus — r.  Paniculatus,  R.  fruticosus — 
r.  Procumbens,  see  R.  offisius. 

Rl'Biis  Strigo'siis,  Wild  red  raspberry,  of  the 
United  States.  The  leaves  are  often  used  as  a 
mibl  astringent,  as  well  as  those  of  Rubua  occi- 
dentalis, niack  Rasp'berry. 

RdBUS  Trivialis,  see  Rubus  cassius  —  r.  Vil- 
losus,  see  Rubus  fruticosus  —  r.  Vulgaris,  R.  fru- 
ticosus. 

RUCKING,  Eructation. 

RUCTAMEN,  Eructation. 

RUCTATIO,  Eructation. 

RUCTUATIO.  Eructation. 

RUCTUOSITAS,  see  Eructation. 

RUCTUS,  Eructation  —  r.  Acidus,  Oxyregmia 
—  r.  Nidorosus,  Cnissoregmia. 

UUDBECK'IA  LACINIA'TA,  Cone  flower, 
Thind/le  weed;  indigenous:  Order,  Compositie  ; 
is  diuretic,  and  has  been  given  in  nephritic  affec- 
tions. 

RUDDLE,  HARD,  Rubrica  fabrilis. 

RUDIMEN'TAL,  Rndlmenta'lis,  (F.)  Rndi- 
wr-ntaire,  from  rndime>\fiim,  'the  first  beginning.' 
That  wliieh  is  l>ut  slightly  developed. 

RUDOLPIIIA  FRONDOSA,  Butea  frondosa. 

RUE,  Riita — r.  Common,  Ruta — r.  de  Chevre, 
fialega  officinalis— r.  Goat's.  Galega  oiBcinalis — 
r.  (loat's,  Virginia,  Galega  Virginiana  —  r.  Mea- 
dow, Thalictron  —  r.  des  IJnrailles,  Aspleniuna 
ruta  miiraria — r.  des  Pres,  Thalictron — r.  Sau- 
va(/e,  Ruta. 

RUELLES,  Wrinkles. 

RUFT,  Eructation. 

RUGA,  AVrinkle. 

RIIOTNE,  Raspatorium. 

RUGrSSE.VE.yT,  Rugitus, 

RUGI'TUS,  Bryeheth'mns,  from  riigire,  rvgi- 
tiim.  'to  roar.'  (F.)  Riigissement.  A  Latin  word, 
which  ordinarily  expresses  the  roaring  of  the  lion  : 
and  which  is  used,  by  some  medical  writers,  to 
designate  a  particular  species  of  borborygmus 
compared  to  it. 

RUGOSE,  Wrinkled. 

RUGOUS.  Wrinkled. 

RUM,    Tajia,  Spir'ilus  Jamaiceu'sis,  Molaa'sea 


Spirit,  (F.)  Rhiim.  A  s])irit  distilled  from  sugar, 
or  molasses.     See  Spirit. 

RUJIA,  Mamma. 

RUMEN,  Ilypogastriuin,  Ingluvies. 

RUMEX  ACETOSELLA,  Slurp  Sorrel,  Field 
Sorrel  ;  indigenous  ;   has  similar  virtues. 

Rl-MEX  AcETo'sus,  R.  tubero'sus  scu  inter- 
me'dins,  Lap'othum  pratenae,  Ox'ulia  Aceto'sii, 
Acetoaa  vnUja'ris  seu  praten'aia  seu  nostras, 
Anax'yris,  A.  arven'sis.  Sour  dock.  Sorrel,  Com- 
mon Sorrel,  (Sc.)  Docken,  (F.)  Oseille,  Viiiette, 
Aiijrette,  tSnrelle.  Ord.  Polygonacea).  Sex.  Syal, 
Ilexandria  Trigynia.  The  leaves  are  sour,  and 
are  used  in  cookery,  and  also  ns  a  refrigerant. 

R  I'M  EX  Acu'tI'S,  Sliarp-poiuted  Wild  dock, 
Oxylap'athnni,  Lap'atlnim,  L.  sylves'tre  scu  (((Wi'- 
tnm,  Rnincv,  R.  paliido'siia  seu  j)i(sil'lua,  Liip'a- 
tlios,  (F.)  Patience  sauvage.  A  decoction  of 
the  root  has  long  been  used  in  cutaneous  affec- 
tions. It  is,  sometimes,  employed  for  the  euro  of 
the  itch. 

RuMEX  iETNENSis,  R.  scutatus. 
Rum  EX  Alpi'niis,  Acelo'sa  Alpi'na.     The  sys- 
tematic name  of  the  plant  that  affords  the  Monk's 
Rhnbarb,  (F.)  Rhabarbe  des  Moines.    See  Rumex 
patientia. 

Rlmex  Aquaticits,  Rumex  hydrolapathurn  — 
r.  Britannica,  Rumex  hydrolapathurn  —  r.  Con- 
fertus,  R.  patientia — r.  Digynus,  Oxyria  reniformis 
' — r.  Glaucus,  R.  scutatus — r.  llastatus,  R.  scuta- 
tus—  r.  Ilastifolius,  R.  Scutatus. 

Rumex  Hyduolap'athum,  Water-Dock,  (Old 
Eng.)  Brokeleak,  Nydrolapathnin,  Rnmex  aijiiat'- 
icns  seu  Britan'nica,  Ilerba  Britan'uica,  Liip'ii- 
thiim  aqtiat'icum,  (F.)  Parelle,  Patience  d'eau. 
The  leaves  of  this  plant  are  subacid,  and  said  to 
be  laxative.  The  root  has  been  used  as  a  tonic, 
astringent,  and  antiscorbutic.  It  has  also  been 
employed  externally  in  some  cutaneous  affections. 
Rumex  Intermedius,  R.  acetosus. 
Rumex  Obtusifo'liuS,  Lap'alhnm  syhestre, 
Blunt-leaved  Dock,  Bitter  dock.  The  root  of  this, 
as  well  as  of  R.  Cuisi'us,  Curled,  or  Sour,  or 
Yellow,  has  similar  virtues  to  those  of  the  other 
species.  Both  have  been  used  in  decoction  in  the 
same  cases  as  sarsaparilla. 

Rumex  Oxyotus,  R.  scutatus — r.  Faludosus, 
R.  acutus. 

Rumex  Patjen'tia,  R.  confer'tns,  Lap'alhum 
horten'se,  Rhabar'harum  monaeho'rum,  Hippolap'- 
athiim,  Patien'tia,  Garden  Patience,  Monk's  Rhu- 
bnrh,  (F.)  Patience,  Rhuharbe  saurage,  Parelle. 
This  root,  which  is  supposed  to  possess  the  vir- 
tues of  rhubarb,  but  in  an  inferior  degree,  is,  ac- 
cording to  Linna>us,  obtained  from  the  Rumex 
patientia  ;  according  to  Murray,  from  the  Rumex 
alpi'nns. 

RuMRx  Prsii.Lus,  R.  acutus. 
Rumex  Sanguin'eus.  The  root  of  the  bloody 
dock  or  bloody  veined  Dock,  has  an  austere  and 
astringent  taste;  and  has  been  employed  in  dys- 
entery. It  is  called,  also,  Lap'athum  snuguiu'eum, 
(F.)  Oseille  ou  Patience  Rouge,  Sangdriigon. 

Rumex  Scuta'tus,  R.  glancus  seu  hasti/o'liua 
seu  jEtnen'sis  SCU  oxyotus  seu  hasta'tns,  Aceto'aa 
rotundifo'lin  seu  Roma'iia  seu  Rotundifolia  Itor- 
ten'sis  seu  scuta' tn,  Lap'athum  acuta' turn  seu  ro- 
tundlfo'lia,  Roman  or  Garden  Sorrel,  Green 
Sauce,  French  Sorrel,  (F.)  Oseille  boucher.  Oseille 
ronde.  Petite  0.  Virtues  the  same  as  those  of 
the  common  sorrel. 

Rumex  Tubrtiosus,  R.  acetosus. 
RUMINA'TION,  Rumina'tio,  from  rumn  or 
rumen,  '  the  gullet.'  Merycis'mus.  A  function 
peculiar  to  ruminating  animals,  by  which  they 
chew  a  second  time  the  food  they  have  swal- 
lowed. An  analogous  phenomenon  is  sometimes 
seen  in  man.  One  who  ruminates  is  in  French 
merycole. 


RDMMET 


809 


S A BURR A 


RUMMET,  Pityriasis. 

IIUMI',  ('loii/jon  —  r.  Bone,  Coccyx. 

KUXCIIKS,  Siiiapls  nrvcnsis. 

lUINClNA,  Kas|)iit..riuin. 

HUXC INULA,  Hnspatoriuin. 

11  [INK  ILL,  Wrinkle. 

KL'NKLE,  Wrinkle. 

KUN.NKr,  lleniiet. 

KUNNINli,  Ciinfiin,  (F.)  Course.  A  succession 
of  leapii.  executed  with  rapidity,  to  transport  the 
body  quii.-kly  from  one  place  to  another. 

Running,  Rennet. 

RUNSII,  Sinapis  arvensis. 

RU  NUNC  [J  LA,  Riispiitorium. 

RIJPKS,  Lips  of  the  Vulva.     See  Lip. 

RU'IMA,  Jiliijpia,  Ulcus  aton'icioii,  Ecphly'sis 
J{lii/'/i>ii,  /ilii/p(t'iia,  from' pvnoi.  'filth.'  An  erup- 
tion of  lari^e  fliittish  blebs,  which  contain  a  fluid 
—  at  first  serous,  afterwards  puriform,  and  often 
bloody,  which  rapidly  concretes  into  crusts,  at 
the  base  of  which  are  ulcers  of  variable  depths. 

It  requires  the  use  of  tonics  internally,  and  of 
etiinuhiting  ointments  externally. 

RtiPlA  Eschahot'ica,  Pciii'phigus  infan'tUh 
sou  (jaiKjimud'sHs ;  known  in  Ireland  under  the 
names — white  hllstefs,  eatiiuj  hive  and  burnt  holes. 
An  affection,  which  bears  a  close  similarity  to 
pemphigus,  particularly  in  the  absence  of  a 
thick  rii<,'()US  crust,  whilst  in  its  chief  feature, 
that  of  ulceration,  it  evidently  belongs  to  Rupia. 

RUPTILILITAS,  Fragilitas. 

RUI'TIO,  Rhexis. 

RUPTOIIIUM,  Cauterium— r.  Commune,  Po- 
tiissa  fusa. 

R  U  P  T  U  R  A ,  Ecrexis,  Hernia,  Laceration, 
Khexis — r.  CornciP,  Ceratorrhexis  —  r.  Ilerniosa, 
Hernia — r.  Ovarii,  Oariorrhexis — r.  Uteri,  Uterus, 
rupture  of  the  —  r.  Vnginas,  Colporrhexis. 

RUPTURE,  Hernia,  Rhexis  — r.  dii  Caeur, 
Cardiorrhexis  —  r.  of  the  Groin,  Bubonocele  —  r. 
do  In  Mdtrice,  Uterus,  rupture  of  the  —  r.  Wort, 
Herniiiria  glal)ra. 

RUPTURED,  see  Hernial. 

RUSCUS,  It.  aculeii'tus,  Brtiseus,  Ox\jmyr'  - 
rhine,  O.ri/mi/r'siiie,  Jlfi/rtncmi'tha.  Cntaii'gelos, 
J\li/aciiii'lh(i,  Sco'pia  re'<ji(i.  Wild  Mi/rtle,  Centro- 
vii/r'itie,  Butcher's  liroom,  (Prov.)  Kiiee-holly,  (F.) 
Petit  hoii.r,  Fra<ji>n.  Ord.  Sinilaceae.  Sex.  iSi/ft. 
Dioecia  Monadelphia.  The  root  has  been  recom- 
mended as  an  aperient  and  diuretic. 

Ruscus  AcuLEATUs,  Ruscus. 


Ruscus  HypoGLOs'snM,  Uvxda'rta,  Hypoglos- 
SHiii,  llippoijloHs'iim,  Disliii'tpia,  Boiii/a'cia,  Lau- 
rits  Alexuiidri'iifi  nngiistifu'liu,  (F.)  Laurier  Aleu-- 
aitdrin,  Latujiie  de  cheval.  Formerly  used  against 
relaxed  uvula. 

RUSH,  SWEET,  Acorus  calamus,  Juncus  odo- 
ratus. 

RUSMA,  see  Orpinient. 

RUSPIXI'S  STYPTIC,  see  Styptic,  Ruspini's. 

Rusfi'.Ni's  TiNCTtJUE  FOR  THE  Teeth.  An  em- 
pirical preparation,  composed  of  Florentine  orris 
^viij,  clores  ^j,  rectified  spirit  Oij,  ambergris  Qj. 

KUT,  Heat. 

RUTA,  'fivTri,  R.  gran' eolens  seu  Tiorten'sis  seu 
(il'teru,  Peg'ttnnm,  Besu'sn,  Common  Rue,  (F.)  Rue, 
Rhue,  Rne  saiivugc,  Ilerbe  de  grace  ;  Ord.  Ruta- 
cese.  Sex.  Sj/st.  Decandria  Monogynia.  The 
plant  has  a  strong,  ungrateful  odour,  and  bitter 
pungent  taste.  It  is  acrid,  so  as  to  blister  the 
skin.  Its  proyierties  are  reputed  to  be  tonic, 
stimulant,  antispasmodic,  and  emmenagogue. 
Dose,  gr.  xv  toj^ij.  The  leaves  are  ofiBcinal  — 
Riiia.    (Ph.  U.  S.) 

Oleum  Rnta,  distilled  Oil  of  Rue,  is  antispas- 
modic ;  and,  externally,  rubefacient.  Dose,  gtt. 
ij  to  vj. 

RuTA  Altera,  Ruta — r.  Capraria,  Galega  oflS- 
cinalis — r.  (Jravoolens,  Ruta— r.  Hortensis,  Ruta 
— r.  Muraria,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria. 

RUTABULUM,  Penis. 

RUTA'CEUi\I,from  Rnto,  'rue.'  Vinegar  of  rue. 

RUTIDOMA,  see  Kutidosis. 

RUTIDO'SIS,  Ripido'sis,  Rht/tido'sis,  from 
■pvTiboui,  'I  wrinkle.'  The  act  of  wrinkling;  as 
Rntido'mn  means  a  shrivelled  or  wrinkled  body. 
A  destruction  or  atrophy  of  the  eye.  Corruga- 
tion and  subsidence  of  the  cornea. 

RUYSCHIA'NA  TU'NICA,  (F.)  Lame  ou 
iMend/rane  Rni/schieiiiie.  According  to  Ruysch, 
and  the  greater  part  of  his  disciples,  the  choroid 
coat  of  the  eye  is  formed  of  two  laminie.  His 
son  gave  to  the  inner  the  name  Tunica  Ruyschi- 
a'na  or  Mcmhra'ua  Riii/schia'na  seu  Ruijuch'ii. 

Tu'nicn  Celhdo'sa  Ruyschiu'na  is  the  areolar 
substance  nnder  the  peritoneal  covering  of  the 
stomach.  It  is  not  numbered  among  the  coats 
of  that  organ. 

RYE.  Sccale — r.  Horned,  Ergot  —  r.  Robhin's, 
Polvtriebum  juniperinuiH  —  r.  Spurred,  Ergot. 

liYTIDOSIS,  Rutidosis. 

RYTIS,  Wrinkle. 


s. 


S.  A.  Ac,  see  Abbreviation. 

SAACt,  Urine. 

SABADILLA,  Veratrum  sabadilla,  see  Vera- 
trina. 

SABADILLIN,  see  Veratrina. 

SABATILLA,  Veratrum  sabadilla. 

S.VBISATIA,  Chironia  angularis — s.  Angularis, 
Chironia  angularis. 

SABINA,  Juniperus  sabina. 

SAIUXK.  Juniperus  sabina. 

S A  ISLE,  Jfacido'sus,  'sanded,'  from  sabulum, 
'sand.'  Having  the  appearance  as  if  strewed 
with  sand.  The  terms  snhlS  and  jnqueti  are 
Sometimes  ap|died  to  the  brain,  when  a  slice  of 
it  exhibits  red  points  as  if  it  had  been  strewed 
with  rod  sand.  Such  is  the  case  in  cerebral  hy- 
peremia. 


SATiOT  DE  VEXUS  JAUXE,  Cypripedium 
luteuin. 

SABUCUS,  Sambucus. 

SAB'ULOUS,  Sabido'sus,  Arenn'sus,  Psammo'- 
des,  from  sabidum,  'sand.'  The  sandy  deposit 
often  seen  in  the  urine. 

SABULUM  CONARII,  see  Pineal  gland. 

SABURA.  Saburra. 

SABUH'RA,  Sabu'ra,  Sordes.  This  word  sig- 
nifies, by  derivation,  'coarse  sand,  or  ballast.'  In 
its  common  acceptation,  it  means  foulness  of  the 
stinnach,  i\s\i\s  sometimes  called  j — vitiated  mat- 
ters supposed  to  be  retained  and  accumulated  in 
the  stomach — the  result  of  imperfect  digestion — 
and  which  have  been  sometimes  considered  as  a 
morbid  product  of  the  mucous  secretion  of  that 
organ,  or  of  the  biliary  secretion  :  at  others,  as  a 
residuum  from  alimentary  substances   badly  di- 


SABURRAL 


810 


SACCULUS 


jjestecl.  The  Saburral  state,  OoUn'vies  gns'tn'ca, 
Cnidila'tes  veiitric'iili,  Gaatris'mua,  (F.)  Eiitbarraa 
gnntriqiie,  Etat  ifihurrtd,  is  an  accumulation  of 
sabuiTic  in  the  stomach,  (F.)  Sahun-es  t/nttHqiies, 
which  the  Humourists  considered  to  be  the  cause 
of  a  number  of  diseases. 

Sabitrra  Vkrminosa,  Helminthiasis. 

SABUR'RAL,  Sabtin-a'liii.  Relating  or  apper- 
taininsf  to  sabnrrae, — as  the  ' sabitrral  state.' 

SABURRATIO.  Arenntio. 

SABURHES  GASTIUQUES,  see  Saburra. 

SAC,  see  Sack  —  «.  Herninire,  Hernial  sac  — 
s.  of  the  Omentum,  see  Epiploon,  gastro-hepatic. 

SACCADE,  see  Respiration,  jerking. 

SACCATUS,  Encysted. 

SACCHAR,  Saccharum. 

SACCHARHYDROLE,  Syrup. 

SACCHARI  FyEX,  xMelasses. 

SACCHARINA.  S'U-chamlcx. 

SAGCHARO-ALCOOLE,  Ratafia. 
SACCHAROLE  LIQUIDE,  Mellitum.  Syrup 
—  «.  Muu,  Conserva,  Electuarium  —  «.  Solide,  see 
Pastel,  and  Tabella. 

SACCFlAROLES(F.),  Saccharl'im,  from  mc- 
ch((rin»,  'sugar.'  A  name  given  by  MM.  Henry 
and  Guibourt  to  medicines  which  have  sugar  or 
honey  for  exci])ient.  or  for  predominant  principle. 
M.  Beral  so  calls  an  exact  mixture  of  ])ulveri/.ed 
sugar  with  other  substances  also  in  powder,  but 
in  less  quantity. 

SACCHAROM'ETER,  (F.)  Sarchn-omkre, 
P^ne-siidj).  from  sttcclniruii),  'sugar,' 
and  utrpov,  'measure.'  A  hydro- 
meter adapted  for  determining  the 
density  of  syrups.  The  marginal 
figure  is  graduated  to  Eaum6's  scale. 
See  Areometer. 

SACCHAROMYCES,  Torula  ce- 
revisiae. 

SACCHARORRHCEA,  Glycyr- 
rhoea  —  s.  Cutanea,  Sudor  duleis. 

Saccharoiuiuce'a  Lac'tea,  Gn- 
lnctorrh(je'ii  Hticcharri'ta.  A  secre- 
tion of  unusually  sweet  milk. 

Sacchakouuiicea  Pulmona'i.is, 
Sputum  dulce  seu  sncchtira'tum.  The 
copious  expectoration  of  unusually 
sweet  matter  from  the  lungs. 

Sacchauohkiicea  Urinosa,  Dia- 
betes mellitus. 

SACCHARUM,  Sacchar,  caKxap, 
from  Arabic,  or  rather  Sanscrit,  Su- 
knr,  'white  earth  ;'  SucIkci;  Siicchar, 
Sutter,  Ziichar,  Zu'cnro,  Ai'vakur, 
Tigaln,  Ziic'charum.  Zozar,  Zu'cha- 
rnm,  Zuc'carum,  Zuchrn,  3fel  arvn- 
dina'ceum,  Smjnr,  (F.)  Sucre.  The 
produce  of  the  juice  of  Snc'charutn 
oj/icina'riim  seu  officinnle  of  Lin- 
naeus, Cnl'amus  fn'dicus  seu  Snccha- 
ri'nns,  Sugar  Cane,  (F.)  Caniie  d 
Sucre,  Cannamelle ;  Ariiii'do  sac- 
Saccharometcr.  charif'era  of  Sloane ;  Ord.  Grami- 
neae  ;  Sex.  Si/it.  Triandria  Digynia, 
and  also  of  the  beet,  maple,  Ac. 

True  Sui/am  are  those  with  which  alcoholic 
fermentation  may  be  eflTected,  by  the  addition  of 
yeast  and  water.     They  are  : — 


SjM 


Varieties. 


f  Hard  sugar  of  the  cane,  maple,  beet, 
I      chestnut,  &e. 

f  malt,  of  the 
sses,  honey,  &c. 


n  (  Liquid  sugar,   sugar  o 

(      sweet  potato,  melass( 

„  f  Hard  sugar  of  the  grape,  ripe  fruits, 

I      starch,  diabetes,  <fec. 

4 Hard  sugar  of  the  mushroom 


Imperfect  sugarH  are  those  in  which  alcoholio 
fermentation  canuot  be  effected  by  means  of  yeast 
and  water. 

Species.  Varieties. 

1 Manna. 

2 Sugar  of  Milk. 

3 Sugar  of  jelly  or  glue. 

4 Liquorice. 

5 Picromel. 

Sugar  is  prepared  from  the  expressed  juice  of 
the  sugar-cane,  boiled  with  the  addition  of  (piick- 
lime  or  common  vegetable  alkali.  It  is  used,  in 
pharmacy,  for  the  picpariition  of  syrups,  con- 
serves, lozenges,  <tc.  It  is  nutritious,  and  is  em- 
ployed as  an  aliment,  and  as  a  eutro])hic  demul- 
cent and  antiseptic.  Dissolved  in  small  quantities 
in  water,  as  in  tea,  it  is  apt  to  disagree  with  dys- 
peptics ;  an  evil  which  does  not  always  occur 
when  the  same  substance  is  taken  more  largely. 

Liver  or  Hepat'ic  Sugar,  (P.)  Sucre  du  Fnie, 
has  been  recently  found  to  be  a  normal  secretion 
of  the  liver.  It  is  more  readily  assimilated  than 
other  varieties  of  sugar.     See  (ilucose. 

Saccharum  Acku'.niim,  S.  Canaden'se,  Maple 
Sugar,  is  often  used  as  a  demulcent. 

Sac'chaiuim  Album,  S.  purijica'tum,  Sacrha- 
rum  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Sal  Indus,  White  Sugar,  Rtjined 
Sugar  is  the  Loaf  Sugar.  Boublc-rcjiued  Sugar 
has  been  called  Tabarxet. 

Saccharum  Amtminatum.  Equal  parts  of 
white  sugar  and  alum,  powdered.  Used  as  a 
styptic. 

Sacchatium  Can'didum,  S  caiidum  seu  caulum 
seu  cautlium,  Al'phi'uic,  Nnbnt,  Sugar  caudif.  Su- 
gar caiidian,  {¥.)  Sucre  Candi,  is  the  crystallized 
juice  of  the  cane. 

Saccharum  Candum,  S.  Candidum — s.  Cantum, 
S.  Candidum — s.  Canthum,  S.  Candidum  —  s. 
Commune,  Saccharum  non-puritieatum. 

Sacchahum  Hoiini';A'TUM,Z?(-n7pi/  Sugar.(Vrov.) 
Sugar  barley,  /'oildcK,  I'enid'ium,  Sac'cliarum 
peuid'ium,  is  a  variety  of  sugar  candy. 

Sacciiauum  Lactip,  Sugar  of  milk. 

Saccharum  No.v-Purifica'tum,  Museova'dn, 
raw,  briiwu  or  moist  sugar,  is  the  ^S".  cominu'ue, 
S.  rub)-u»i,  3[el  cannm,  or  coarse  nugar. 

Saccharum  Officinarum,  see  Saccharum  —  s. 
Penidium,  Hordeatum — s.  Rosaccuin,  Confectio 
rosae  gallicie  —  s.  Saturni,  Plumbi  superacetas. 

SA  ecu  A  R  URE,  from  saccharum,  '  sugar.'  A 
medicine  resulting  from  the  intimate  union  of 
sugar  with  the  medicinal  principles  of  alcohol  or 
ethereal  tinctures. —  Beral. 

SACCULATED,  Encysted. 

SACCULATUS,  Encysted. 

SACCULI  ADIPOSI,  Fatty  vesicles  — s.  Cha- 
licophori,  see  Lacunae  of  Bone — s.  Laryngei,  Ven- 
tricles of  the  larynx. 

Sac'culi  Medicina'les.  Bags  containing  me- 
dicinal substances. 

Sacculi  Medullaues,  see  Medullary  mem- 
brane. 

SACCULUS,  diminutive  of  saccus,  'a  little 
sac'  This  name  has  been  given  to  two  sacs 
formed  by  the  membranous  vestibule,  which  open 
into  each  other,  and  contain  the  otolithes  and 
otocouies :  one  of  these  is  termed  the  saccidus 
vestib'uli,  the  other  sacculus.  See  Semicircular 
canals. 

Sacculus,  Marsupion  —  s.  Cephalicus,  Cucn- 
pha  —  s.  Chylifer  seu  rorifer,  Rcceptaculum  chyli 
— s.  Cordis,  Pericardiutn — s.  EUipticus,  see  Semi- 
circular canals  —  s.  Lactiferus,  see  Lactiferous 
vessels. 

Sac'culus  Laryn'ois.  A  caeeal  pouch,  of 
variable  size,  formed  by  the  mucous  membrane 
in  the  ventricles  of  the  larynx. — Ililton. 


SACCUS 


811 


SACROLUMBAR 


SAf-ornTS  Medicinalis,  Pulvinar  medicatuin 
— !■.  S|)hericus,  see  Seiiiicirculiir  canals — s.  Vesi- 
cal, see  Bladder,  sacculated  —  s.  Vestibuli,  Semi- 
circular canals,  see  Sacculus. 

SACCUS,  Sac  —  s.  Coli,  Cfecum  —  s.  Cordis, 
Pericardium — s.  Ilerniosus,  Hernial  sac — s.  Epi- 
ploicus.  Epiploon — s.  Intestini  crassi,  CEecum  — 
B.  Lacryinaiis,  Lachrymal  sac  —  s.  Lacrumalis, 
Lachrymal  sac  —  s.  Lacteus,  Receptaculum  chyli 
—  s.  Mucosus,  see  Bursas  mucosa)  —  s.  Peritonaii 
retro-ventrioularis,  see  Epiploon,  gastro-bepatic 
— s.  Pleura;,  Pleura — s.  Venarum  cavarum,  Sinus 
dexter  cordis  —  s.  Venarum  puluionalium,  Sinus 
pulmonalis. 

SACEIl,  Sacral  —  s.  Ignis,  Herpes  isoster  —  s. 
Morbus,  Epilepsy  —  s.  Musculus,  Transversalis 
dorsi. 

SACERDOTIS  PENIS,  Arum  raaculatum. 

SAVlIliJT  (P.),  Sac'cnlua,  'a  little  sac'  A 
small  bag  containing  perfumes  to  be  placed  among 
clothes  to  communicate  to  them  an  agreeable 
odour.  The  following  is  a  formula  for  the  pow- 
der they  contain.  Powdered  cloves  and  powdered 
caam'a,  each  one  ounce;  powdered  orris  root,  an 
ounce  and  a  half;  powdered  yellow  saiuUd  wood, 
one  drachm;  otto  of  roses,  twenty-four  drops;  oil 
of  Idveitder,  oil  of  herijninot,  each  one  drachm; 
musk,  six  grains.     A  scent-bag. 

SACK,  (F.)  Sec,  'dry.'  A  dry  wine  used  by 
our  ancestors  ;   Viii  sec.     VrohahXy  Sherry. 

Sack,  Saccua,  Secluso'riuin;  Sax.  rac.  A  bag 
or  pouch. 

Sack,  Her'niAL,  Snccns  henn'o'sus,  (P.)  Snc 
hernidire.  An  envelope  or  pouch,  formed  by  the 
serous  membrane  of  the  cavity,  whence  a  viscus 
has  escaped.  We  distinguish,  in  a  hernial  sac, 
its  orifice  or  the  opening  by  which  it  communi- 
cates with  the  great  cavity  lined  by  the  serous 
membrane:  its  cervix  or  neck,  (F.)  Collet,  the 
narrow  portion  on  the  outside  of  the  orifice, 
where  strangulation  sometimes  occurs  :  the  body, 
(F.)  Corps,  which  is  the  round  prominent  part; 
and  the  fundus  or  bottom,  —  the  part  opposite  to 
the  orifice. 

Sack  Posset;  from  sack,  'the  wine,'  and  pos- 
set. A  posset  made  of  sack,  milk  and  other  in- 
gredients. 

Sack,  Serous.  The  shut  cavity  formed  by 
any  serous  membrane,  as  by  the  pleura  or  perito- 
neum. 

Sack  Whkv,  Wine  Whey. 

SACRAD,  see  Sacral  aspect. 

SACRA  FISTULA.  Vertebral  column. 

SACRAL,  Sacer.  (F.)  Sacre.  That  which  be- 
longs or  relates  to  the  sacrum.  A  name  given  to 
several  parts. 

Sacral  Arteries  are  distinguished  into,  1. 
The  (interior  or  middle  sacral.  Median  Artery  of 
the  Sacrum  of  Chaussier,  which  arises  from  the 
posterior  part  of  the  abdominal  aorta,  in  front  of 
the  4th  lumbar  vertebra.  It  descends,  in  a  ser- 
pentine manner,  upon  the  sacro-vertebral  articu- 
lation, and  on  the  anterior  surfiice  of  the  sacrum. 
It  furnishes  many  lateral  branches,  which  unite 
with  the  lateral  sacral  arteries,  and  enter  the  an- 
terior sacral  foramina,  to  be  distributed  to  the 
membranes  of  the  marrow,  itc.  2.  The  lateral 
sacral  arteries,  which  are  two  in  number;  one  on 
each  side.  They  arise  from  the  hypogastric,  from 
the  iliolumbar,  or  from  the  gluteal;  and  descend 
before  tlie  anterior  sacral  foramina,  anastomosing 
in  an  arched  manner,  towards  the  coccj-x.  with 
the  middle  saoral.  They  give  otf  e;cternal  and 
posterior  branches,  which  enter  the  sacral  fora- 
mina; and  internal  branches,  which  are  distri- 
buted to  the  pyraniidalis,  sacrum,  Ac. 

Sachai,  Aspkct.  An  aspect  towards  the  region 
where  the  sacrum  is  situated. — Barclay.     Sacrad 


is  used  by  the  same  writer  adverbially  to  signify 
'towards  the  sacral  aspect.' 

Sacral  Extrejiitiks.     The  lower  limbs. 

Sacral  Grooves,  (F.)  Gonttieres  sacrSes.  Two 
longitudinal  excavations,  slightly  marked,  at  the 
posterior  surface  of  the  sacrum  ;  which  appear  to 
terminate  the  vertebral  grooves  or  gutters. 

Sacral  Nerves,  (F.)  A'^erfs  aacres,  are  gene- 
rally six  in  number.  They  arise  from  the  termi- 
nation of  the  spinal  marrow.  The  first,  united 
with  the  great  cord  which  descends  from  the 
lumbar  plexus,  concurs  with  the  three  others  in 
the  formation  of  the  sacral  or  sciatic  plexus.  The 
third  and  fourth,  with  branches  of  the  great 
sympathetic,  from  the  hypogastric  plexus.  The 
fifth  and  sixth  {coccy<je'al  nerre)  are  distributed 
to  the  ischio-coccygeus  muscle,  and  to  the  sphinc- 
ter and  levator  ani. 

Sacral  Plexus,  Seint'ic  plexus,  —  the  aacnd 
portion  of  the  crural  plexus  of  Chaussier,  con- 
stituted as  just  mentioned,  is  situate  in  front  nf 
the  pyramidalis.  It  gives  off,  backwards,  two 
branches,  called  the  pudic,  (F.)  honteux,  and  the 
lesser  sciatic.  It  terminates  in  the  great  sciatic 
nerve. 

SACRE,  Sacral. 

SACRO,  in  composition,  relating  or  belonging 
to  the  sacrum. 

SACROCOCCYGE'AL,  Sacro-coccyge'us.  Re- 
lating to  the  sacrum  and  coccyx. 

Sackococcyge'al  Articula'tion  is  that  of 
the  lower  extremity  of  the  sacrum  vpith  the  su- 
perior/r(ce«e  of  the  coccyx.  It  is  closed  by  two 
ligaments;  —  an  anterior  a,ni!i  a  posterior  aacro- 
coccyqeal. 

SACROCOSTALIS,  Sacro-lumbalis— «.  Femo- 
ral,  GlutiEus  major. 

SACROCOXAL'GIA,  from  sacro,  coxa,  'the 
hip,'  and  aAyoj,  'pain;'  a  hybrid  term.  Some 
authors  have  called  thus  a  rheumatic  afi'eetion  of 
the  sacro-iliac  symphysis. 

SACROIL'IAC,  Sacro.ili'acus.  That  which 
relates  to  the  sacrum  and  ilium. 

Sacroiliac  Articula'tion,  Sym'physis  or 
Synchonduo'sis,  Ilio-sacral  articula'tion,  sym- 
physis or  synchondrosis,  is  the  union  of  two  sur- 
faces ; —  two  inclined  planes,  broader  above  than 
below;  one  formed  by  the  sacrum,  the  other  by 
the  ilium.  Both  surfaces  are  incrusted  by  an 
articular  cartilage.  The  bands  which  strengthen 
them  are  the  two  sacro  -sciatic  liynments,  the 
sacrospinal,  a  sacro-iliac  ligament,  and  some  ir- 
regular fibres.  The  sacro-iliac  ligament  is  a  very 
thick  assemblage  of  short,  dense,  irregular  fibres, 
occupying  the  space  which  the  sacrum  and  ilium 
leave  between  them,  behind  their  articular  sur- 
face. Some  authors  have  termed  some  irregular 
fibres,  situate  in  front  of  the  sacro-iliac  articula- 
tion, anterior  sacro-iliac  ligaments,  in  opposition 
to  the  preceding  fasciae,  which  they  cM  posterior 
sacro-iliac. 

SACROiSCHIATICUS,  Sacro-sciatic. 

SA CR OL OMRA IRE,  Sacro-lumbalis. 

SACROLUM'BAR,^S'«c;-o-Zi(m6a7/s,,S'<rcro-7om- 
baire.  That  which  belongs  to  the  sacrum  and 
loins. 

SACROLU.AfBAR,  Sacro-lumba'lis,  Saero-himba'- 
ris  Muscle,  Sacro-costa'lis,  Dorao-trache'lian  por- 
tion of  the  Sacrospinal  of  Chaussier,  (F.)  Lombo- 
costo-trachelien,  Sacro-lombaire.  is  seated  at  the 
posterior  part  of  the  trunk  ;  is  thick  and  triangu- 
lar below;  flat  and  thin  in  the  remainder,  and 
terminates  in  a  point  at  its  upper  extremity.  It 
is  attached  to  the  posterior  surface  of  the  sacrum  ; 
to  the  corresponding  portion  of  the  crista  ilii ;  to 
the  extremities  of  the  transverse  processes  of  the 
lumbar  vertebra;  ;  to  the  angles  of  the  eleven  in- 
ferior ribs ;  to  the  tuberosity  of  the  first,  and  the 


SACROSCIATIC 


12 


SAGITTAL 


posterior  tubercle  of  the  transverse  processes  of 
the  last  live  cervical  vertebrae.  The  saero-lutn- 
biilis  straightens  the  vertebral  column  when  bent 
forwards,  and  maintains  it  straight.  By  means 
of  its  insertion  into  the  ribs,  it  can  elevate  or  de- 
press these  bones,  according  as  it  contracts  from 
above  to  below,  or  from  below  to  above.  It  acts, 
consequently,  sometimes  as  an  inspiratory,  at 
others  as  an  expiratory  muscle. 

From  six  or  eight  of  the  lower  ribs  arises  an 
equal  number  of  fleshy  portions,  which  terminate 
at  the  inner  side  of  this  muscle,  and  are  called 
Jfiis'cnli  Accefisor'ii  seu  Addltnmen'tum  ad  Sacro- 
luiiibfi'leiii,  (F. )  Accessnires  dii  Sacro-lomhnire. 

From  the  upper  part  of  the  sacro-lumbalis,  a 
fleshy  slip,  called  Cerv>ca'lin  desceii'dens,  Cervi- 
cnh's  descendens  Diemerhroeck'ii,  Transversa' lis 
cdUaterii'lis  colli,  Accesso'rius  ad  Sacro-liimba- 
him,  (F.)  Trnnsversaire  giele,  runs  up,  to  be  fixed 
to  the  transverse  processes  of  the  fourth,  fifth, 
and  sixth  cervical  vertebra?,  by  three  distinct 
tendons.  These  last  parts,  though  separated  by 
some  anatomists,  belong  to  the  sacro-lumbalis. 

SACROSCIAT'IC,  Sacro-ischiat'icus.  That 
which  belongs  to  the  sacrum  and  ischium. 

Sacrosciatic  Ligaments  are  two  ligaments, 
which  assist  in  securing  the  sacro-iliac  articula- 
tion. The  yreat  or  posterior  sncro-sciatic  lif/a- 
rnent  extencls  from  the  crista  ilii  and  the  sides 
of  the  sacrum  and  coccyx  to  the  tuberosity  of  the 
ischium.  The  less  or  anterior  sacrosciatic  liga- 
ment arises  from  the  same  point,  and  terminates 
in  the  spine  of  the  ischium. 

SACROSPINAL,  Dorso-trachelian  portion  of 
the  sacro-luinbalis. 

SACROSPINA'LIS.  That  which  relates  to 
the  sacrum  and  spine.  Under  this  name,  Chaus- 
sier  describes  the  sacro-lumbalis,  longissimus 
dorsi,  transversalis,  transverso-spinalis,  and  in- 
tertransversalis  muscles.  He  divides  it  into  three 
portions.  ^ 

SA  CR  OTRO  OH  A  NTER  TEN,  Pyramidalis. 

SACROVERT'EBRAL,  Sacro-vertebra'lis. 
That  which  relates  to  the  sacrum  and  the  ver- 
tebrae. 

Sacrovertebral  Articulation  is  the  junc- 
tion of  the  last  vertebra  of  the  loins  with  the 
sacrum.  The  angle  which  these  two  bones  form 
at  the  anterior  part  has  been  called  the  Prom'on- 
tory  of  the  Sacrum,  or  the  Sacro-vertehral  Angle. 

Sacrovertebral  Ligament  is  a  strong  ligu- 
ment,  which  passes  from  the  anterior  part  of  each 
of  the  transverse  processes  of  the  last  lumbar 
vertebra  to  be  attached  to  the  base  of  the  sacrum. 
Its  use  is  to  maintain  the  articulation  of  those 
two  bones  in  situ. 

SACRUM,  Os  sacrum  seu  hasila're  seu  Alagas 
seu  latum  seu  clun'ium,  Lus,  Luz,  Ver'tehra 
magna,  Alhagiazi,  Hi'eron  ost'eon,  Clunis,  Sub- 
ver'tebra,  Subver'tebrum,  Vet'ula;  from  sacer, 
'sacred;'  because  it  contributes  to  protect  the 
genital  organs,  which  were  considered  sacred,  or 
because  it  was  ofi'ered  in  sacrifice.  The  bone, 
which  forms  the  posterior  part  of  the  pelvis,  and 
is  a  continuation  of  the  vertebral  column.  The 
SMcrum  is  symmetrical  and  triangular,  situate  at 
the  posterior  part  of  the  pelvis,  and  concave  an- 
teriorly. It  has, — 1.  A  pelvic  or  anterior  surface, 
which  corresponds  to  the  pelvic  cavity,  and  has 
f<iur  transverse  furrows,  that  point  out  the  parts 
where  the  primitive  portions  of  the  bone  were 
separated  from  each  other.  On  each  side  there 
are  four  foramina,  called  anterior  sacral ;  these 
Jive  oblique,  and  decrease  in  size,  from  above 
downwards.  Through  them  pass  the  anterior 
branches  of  the  sacral  nerves.  2.  A  spinal  or 
posterior  surface,  which  is  convex,  rough,  and 
covered  by  muscles.  Upon  the  median  line  are 
four  horizontal,  tubercular  eminences,  forming  a 


continuation  of  the  spinous  processes  of  the  ver- 
tebrae;  and  below,  a  triangular  notch,  where  tlio 
sacral  canal  terminates.  On  each  side  of  the  sur- 
face are  four  foramina,  called  posterior  sacral, 
which  are  smaller  than  the  anterior,  and  give 
passage  to  the  posterior  branches  of  the  sucral 
nerves.  3.  The  vertebral  surface  or  base.  Its 
greatest  extent  is  transversely.  It  is  articulated 
with  the  last  lumbar  vertebra.  On  it  is  seen  tho 
orifice  of  the  sacral  canal,  of  a  triangular  shiipe, 
which  decreases  in  width  from  above  downward; 
terminates  the  vertebral  canal ;  is  lined  by  a  pro- 
longation of  the  cerebral  membranes;  contains 
the  fasciculi  of  the  sacral  nerves;  couumiuicatcs, 
externally,  by  the  sacral  foramina;  and  termi- 
nates at  the  triangular  notch  on  the  posterior 
surface  of  the  bone.  At  the  sides  of  the  upper 
orifice  of  the  sacral  canal  are  two  articuhir  pro- 
cesses, which  receive  the  articuhir  processes  of 
the  last  lumbar  vertebra.  The  projection,  formed 
by  the  union  of  the  base  of  the  sacrum  with  the 
last  lumbar  vertebra,  is  called  the  Prom'ontorxj, 
Fromonto'rium  Ossis  Sacri,  Great  Angle  of  the 
Sacrum  or  Sacro-vertebral  Angle.  4.  A  coccygeal 
face  or  apex,  (F.)  Face  coceygienue  ou  Soniinet, 
which  is  very  narrow,  and  is  articulated  with  the 
coccyx.  5.  Two  lateral  margins,  which  have, 
above,  a  broad,  oblique  surface,  articulated  with 
the  ilium. 

The  sacrum  is  developed  by  30  to  36  points  of 
ossification. 

SADDLE,  TURKISH,  Sella  Turcica. 

S^PES,  Sepes. 

SAFFLOW,  Carthamus  tinctorius. 

SAFFLOWER,  Carthamus  tinctorius. 

SAFFRON,  Crocus  —  s.  Bastard,  Carthamus 
tinctorius  —  s.  Dyers',  Carthamus  tinctorius. 

Saffron  Flower,  Carthamus  tinctorius. 

Saffron,  Meadow,  Colchicum  autumnale. 

SAFRAN  BaTARD,  Carthamus  tinctorius, 
Colchicum  autumnale  — «.  des  Indes,  Curcuma 
longa  —  8.  de  Mars  api&ritif,  Ferri  subcarbonas — 
8.  de  Mars  astringent,  Colcothar — «.  des  Pres, 
Colchicum  autumnale  —  s.  Racine  de,  Curcuma 
longa. 

SAFRANUM,  Carthamus  tinetorius. 

SAFRE,  Smalt. 

SAGA,  Sago. 

SAGAPE'NUM,  Sag'apin,  Serajii'non,  (F.) 
Gomme  seraphique.  A  gum-resin,  supposed  to 
be  obtained  from  the  Fer'ula  Per'sica.  Ord. 
Umbellifcrge.  Sex.  Syst.  Pentandria  Digynia. 
Its  odour  is  fetid  and  alliaceous  ;  taste  pungent, 
bitterish,  nauseous.  It  is  in  small,  agglutinated 
masses  of  a  yellow  colour;  tenacious;  breaking 
with  a  horny  fracture.  It  is  a  reputed  antispas- 
modic and  emmenagogue.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  ^ss. 

SAGAPIN,  Sagapenum. 

SAGE,  Salvia — s.  Indian,  Eupatorium  perfo- 
liatum  —  s.  Jerusalem,  Pulmonaria. 

Sage  Tree,  Lantana. 

Sage,  Wild,  Salvia  Africana,  S.  Lyrata. 

SAGE-FEMME,  Midwife. 

SAGENA,  Epiploon. 

SAGESSE  DES  CHIRURGIENS,  Sisym, 
brium  Sophia. 

SAGIMEN  VITRI,  Soda,  subcarbonate  of. 

SAGIT'TAL,  Sagittu'lis,  Sagitta'tus,  from 
sagitta,  '  an  arrow.' 

Sagittal  Furrow,  Sagittal  Groove,  (¥.)  Gout- 
tiere  sagittale,  is  a  channel  on  the  median  line  of 
the  inner  surface  of  the  skull-cap.  It  is  exca- 
vated in  the  os  frontis,  in  the  two  parietal  and 
occipital  bones,  and  extends  from  the  crista  galli 
to  the  internal  occipital  protuberance.  It  lodges 
the  longitudinal  sinus,  which  has  been  called  the 
sagittal  sinjts. 

Sagittal  Suture,  Obelce'a  siitu'ra  seu  Raphe, 
Sutura    Virija'ta  seu  juga'lis    seu  Rubdoi'det, 


SAGITTARIA   VARIABILIS        813 


SAL 


RhthilnV den,  Hhahda'des,  lihabdo'ideiis  seu  Bi- 
pnrietu'lis  seu  [iiterpiirie.tn'iiH.  The  suture  which 
unites  the  two  pariotul  bones,  and  which  extends, 
from  before  to  behind,  on  the  median  line,  from 
the  coronal  suture  to  the  lambdoidal.  It  is  so 
called,  from  vaijiitn,  'an  arrow,'  because  it  seems 
to  meet  the  coronal  suture  as  an  arrow  meets  the 
string  of  a  bow. 

SAGITTA'RIA  VARIAB'ILIS.  From  aa- 
gittn,  'an  arrow,'  owing  to  the  prevalent  form  of 
the  leaves.  Arrowhead,  Arrowlenf,  Arrow  iveed, 
IVupfi'n  of  Oregon;  Nnt.  Ord.  AlismaceaD.  Escu- 
lent, yielding  fecula  like  arrow-root.  The  roots 
are  cooling  and  sub-astringent,  and  are  at  times 
applied  to  the  foet  in  cases  of  yaws  and  dropsical 
swellings  of  the  legs.  The  leaves  are  applied  to 
the  breasts  to  dispel  milk. 

SAGITTA'RIUM  ALEXIPIIAR'MACUM, 
Midac'ctB  radix,  Caitiia  lii'dica,  Ariin'do  Iiidica. 
A  root  cultivated  in  the  West  Indies,  and  sup- 
posed to  be  a  remedy  for  wounds  by  poisoned 
arrows. 

SAGITTATUS,  Sagittal. 

SAGO,  S<i'jiiH,  Saga,  Saga,  Segii,  Am'i/lnm  pnl- 
ma'ceuni,  (F.)  Sngmi,  Sagiie.  A  fecula,  obtained 
from  the  pith  of  the  Sugns  riiniph'ii,  Ci/caa  circi- 
na'li't,  G.  revidn'ta,  <fec.,  growing  in  the  Moluccas, 
Philippine  Isles,  &c.,  and  which  is  brought  to  us 
in  small  grains.  The  same  substance  is,  also, 
obtained  from  the  West  Indies,  but  it  is  inferior 
to  that  from  the  East.  By  boiling  in  water  or 
milk,  sago  becomes  soft  and  transparent,  and 
forms  an  agreeable  and  nutritious  food  in  febrile, 
calculous,  and  other  disorders.  It  is  made  pala- 
table by  sugar,  lemon-juice,  or  wine,  where  the 
last  is  not  contra-indicated. 

To  make  sago  into  a  proper  mucilage  for  the 
sick,  a  tablespoonful  of  it  should  be  macerated 
in  a  pint  of  water  fur  two  hours,  and  then  boiled 
for  fifteen  minutes,  stirring  assiduously.  Care 
must  be  taken,  that  the  grains  are  perfectly  dis- 
solved by  long  boiling  and  constant  stirring. 

Sago  pitHset  is  made  by  putting  xago,  ^^ij,  into 
water,  Oij  ;  boiling  until  the  mucilage  is  formed: 
then  rubbing  sugar,  ^ss,  on  the  rind  of  a  lemon, 
and  putting  it  with  tincture  of  ginger,  f^:^),  into 
eherr;/,  Oss  ;  adding  this  mixture  to  the  mucilage, 
and  boiling  for  five  minutes. — It  is  a  good  resto- 
rative. 

Sago,  FiiENcn,  see  Solanura  tuberosum,  and 
Arrow-root,  common — s.  Portland  Island,  see 
Arum  maculatum. 

SAGOU,  Sago, 

SAGU,  Sago. 

SAOUE,  Sago  —  8.  Petit,  see  Solanum  tube- 
rosum. 

SAGUERUS  GOMUTO,  see  Toddy  — s. 
Rumphii,  see  Toddy — s.  Saceharifer,  see  Toddy. 

SAGUS.  Sago  — s.  Rumphii,  see  Sago. 

SAHARA,   Insomnia. 

SAIDSCHUTZ  WATER,  Seidsehutz  water. 

SAIGyf:n,  Blood-lettlng— ».  Spoliativc,  Spo- 
liativa  phlebotomia. 

SAlGXEMEXr  DU NEZ,  Epistaxis. 

SAILORS,  DISEASES.  Ac,  OF.  Sailors,  by 
nature  of  their  occupation,  are  liable  to  many 
^diseases.  Several  of  these  may,  however,  be 
warded  oflf  by  proper  attention  to  cleanliness  and 
ventilation. 

SAIX  IWIS,  Daphne  gnidium  — «.  Doux, 
Adeps  pra-paratus. 

SAINT  AMAND,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Sulphuretted  waters,  in  the  department  of  Du 
Nord,  France.  They  contain  carbonic  and  sul- 
phohydric  acids.  The  /?"i(e  or  deposit  contains 
sulphOhvdric  acid,  and  salts  of  iron  and  magne- 
sia.    Toniperature,  f>\°  to  S2°  Fahr. 

SAINT   ANTHONVS  FIRE.  Erysipelas. 

SAINT  AUGUSTINE,  CLIMATE  OF.     This 


sea-port  of  Florida  is  a  frequent  retreat  during 
the  winter  season  for  the  valetudinarian  from  the 
more  northern  parts  of  the  United  States.  The 
climate  is  certainly  comparatively  mild  and  equa- 
ble; but  it  is  liable  to  frequent  north-east  storms. 
There  are  only  a  few  days,  however,  in  winter, 
in  which  the  invalid  cannot  take  exercise  in  the 
open  air.  Tampa  Bay,  and  Pensacola,  in  Florida, 
and  Mobile,  in  Alabama,  which  are  sometimes 
visited  by  the  consumptive,  are  less  liable  to  the 
storms  in  question. 

SAINT  CATHERINE'S  SPRINGS,  see  Cana- 
da, Mineral  waters  of. 

SAINT  CHARLES'S  ROOT,  Carlo  Sancto 
(Radix). 

SAINT  CROIX,  Santa  Cruz. 

SAINT  JAMES'S  WORT,  Senecio  Jacobaa, 
Thlaspi  bursa. 

SAINT  JOHN'S  DANCE,  see  Mania,  dancing. 

—  St.  John's  Wort,  Hypericum  perforatum. 
SAINT  KITTS,  see  West  Indies. 

SAINT  LEONARD'S,  CLIMATE  OF.  This 
place,  which  is  situate  about  a  mile  to  the  west- 
ward of  Hastings,  in  Sussex,  England,  is  less  shel- 
tered than  it,  and  is  therefore  a  less  favourable 
retreat,  during  the  winter  months,  for  the  phthi- 
sical valetudinarian. 

SAINT  MYON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Some  cold,  acidulous  waters  at  Saint  Myon,  nea^ 
Riom,  in  the  department  of  Puy-de-D6me.  They 
contain  free  carbonic  acid,  subcarbonate  of  soda, 
chloride  of  sodium,  and  carbonate  and  sulphate 
of  lime. 

SAINT  NKCTAIRE,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Springs  in  the  department  of  Puy-de-D6me, 
France.  They  contain  carbonic  acid,  bicarbonate 
of  soda,  and  chloride  of  sodium.  Temperature, 
75°  to  103°  Fahr. 

SAINT  PARDAUX,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Chalybeate  springs  in  the  department  of  Al- 
lier.  France.   The_v  contain  carbonic  acid  and  iron. 

SAINT  SAUVEUR,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Sulphurous  waters  in  the  department  of 
IIaufes-Pyren6es,  France.  Temperature,  76°  to 
93°  Fahr. 

SAINT  VINCENT'S,  see  West  Indies. 

SAINT  VITUS'S  DANCE,  Chorea,  see  Ma- 
nia, dancing  —  s.  Vitus's  Dance  of  the  Voice, 
Balbuties. 

SAIR.  Ulcer. 

SAIRE,  Kssera. 

SAL,  Salt — s.  Absinthii,  Potassae  subcarbonas, 
see  Potash — s.  Acetosella?,  Potass,  oxalate  of  — 
s.  Acetosns  ammoniaealis.  Liquor  ammoniic  ace- 
tatis — s.  Acidum  benzoes,  Benjamin — s.  Aeratus, 
see  Potassfo  carbonas — s.  Albus,  Soda,  muriate  of 
— s.  Alembroth,  Alembroth  salt — s.  Alkali,  Soda, 
subcarbonate  of — s.  Alkalinus  fixus  fossilis,  Soda 
— s.  Ainarum,  Magnesiie  sulphas — s.  Ammoniac, 
volatile,  Ainmoniie  carbonas — s.  Ammoniacuni, 
.Aiiimoni*  murias  —  s.  Ammonincum  martiale, 
Ferruni  ainmoniatum — s.  Ammoniacum  secretuni 
Glauberi,  AmmonitP  sulpba.s  —  s.  Ammoniacum 
tartareura,  Ammoniip  tarfras  —  s.  Ammoniacum 
vegetabile,  Liquor  ammoniise  acetatis — s.  Ammo- 
niacus  nitrosus,  Ammonia'  nitras  —  s.  Ainmoniits 
Atnmoiiine  murias  —  s.  Anglicanum,  Magnesia} 
sulphas — s.  Antiepilepticus  of  Weissraan,  Cuprum 
ainmoniatum  —  s.  Antimonii.  Antiraonium  tarta- 
rizatum — s.  Ammoniacum,  Ammoniae  murias — s. 
Armoniacum,  Ammonia!  murias — s.  Artis,  Alem- 
broth salt — s.  AsphaUitis,  Bit  noben— s.  Cathar- 
ticus  amarus.  Magnesias  sulphas  —  s.  Catliarticiis 
Glauberi,  Soda,  sulphate  of— s.  Communis,  Soda, 
muriate  of — s.  Cornu  cervi  volatile,  Ammoniie 
carbonas — s.  Culinaris,  Soda,  muriate  of — s.  Di- 
gestivus  Sylvii,  Potassa;  murias  — s.  Diuretieus, 
PotassiB  acetas  —  s.  de  Duobus,  Potassa;  sulphas 

—  s.  Ebsdamense,  Magnesi*  sulphas  —  &.  Euix- 


SALAAM   CONVULSION 


814 


SALIVARY 


um,  Potnssae  supersulphns — s.  Epsoraensis,  Maj;- 
resiaj  sulphas  — s.  Essentiale  Benzoes,  Benjamin 
—  s.  Essentiale  corticis  Peruviani,  Quinine  —  s. 
Fehrifiigus  of  Leiuery,  Potassse  supersulplias — s. 
Febrifugus  Sylvii,  Potassa;  miirias  —  s.  Fontium, 
Soda,  muriate  of — s.  Fossilis,  Soda,  muriate  of — 
p.  Fuliginis,  Arnmoniae  carbonas  —  s.  Gemmae, 
Soda,  muriate  of — s.  Herbarum,  Potassae  subcar- 
bonas  —  s.  Indus,  Saccharum  album — s.  Lixivi- 
osutn,  see  Lixivium  —  s.  Lueiduin,  Soda,  muriate 
of — s.  Marinus,  Soda,  muriate  of — s.  Martis, 
Ferri  sulphas — s.  Martis  Muriaticura  sublima- 
tuin,  Ferrum  ammoniatum — s.  Mirabile  perlatum, 
Soda,  phosphate  of — s.  Mirabilis  Glauberi,  Soda, 
sulphate  of — s.  Muriaticum  baroticum.  Baryta, 
muriate  of — s.  Nitrum,  PotassiB  nitras  —  s.  Os- 
sium,  Ammonise  carbonas — s.  Panchrestum,  Po- 
tassx  tartras — s.  Petrae,  Potassse  nitras — s.  Tar- 
tarum,  Potassa  subcarbonas — s.  Plumbi,  Plumbi 
superacetas — s.  Polyohrestus,  Potassae  sulphas — 
s.  Polyehrestus  Glaseri,  Potassae  sulphas  cum 
fulphure  —  s.  Polychrestum  Seignetti,  Soda,  tar- 
trate of — s.  Prunellae,  Potassae  nitras  fusus  sul- 
phatis  paucillo  niixtus — s.  Rupellensis,  Soda,  tar- 
trate of —  s.  Sapientiae,  Alembroth  salt,  Potassae 
sulphas  —  s.  Saturni,  Plumbi  superacetas  —  s. 
Scientiae,  Alembroth  salt  —  s.  Secretus  Glauberi, 
Ammoniae  sulphas — s.  Sedativus  Hombergi,  Bo- 
racie  acid  —  s.  Sedlieensis,  Magnesias  sulphas  — 
s.  Seignetti,  Soda,  tartrate  of — s.  Sennerti,  Po- 
tassae acetas  —  s.  Seydschlitzense,  Magnesiae  sul- 
phas—  s.  Sodae,  Soda,  subcarbonate  of — s.  So- 
domenus,  Bit  noben  —  s.  Succini,  Succinic  acid 

—  s.  Tartari,  Potassae  subcarbonas,  see  Potash  — 
s.  Tartari  essentiale.  Tartaric  acid  —  s.  Tartari 
sulphuratum,  Potassae  sulphas  —  s.  Urinae,  Mi- 
crocosmicum  Sal  —  s.  Urinosutn,  Urea  —  s.  Vege- 
tabilis,  Potassae  tartras — s.  Vitae,  Alembroth  salt 

—  s.  Vitrioli,  Zinci  sulphas  —  s.  Vitrioli  narcoti- 
cum,  Boracic  acid  —  s.  Volatile,  Ammoniae  car- 
bonas, Spiritus  ammoniae  aromaticus — s.  Vola- 
tile Benzoes,  Benjamin — s.  Volatile  boracis,  Bo- 
racic acid  —  s.  Volatile  oleosum  Sylvii,  Spiritus 
ammoniae  aromaticus  —  s.  Volatile  succini.  Suc- 
cinic acid  —  s.  Volatilis  salis  ammoniaci,  Am- 
moniae carbonas  —  s.  Vomitorium  vitrioli,  Zinci 
sulphas. 

SALAAM  CONVULSION,  see  Convulsion, 
Salaam. 

SALAB,  Salep. 

SALACITAS,  Satyriasis  —  s.  Vulvae,  Nym- 
phomania. 

SALAD,  CORN,  Valeriana  dentata. 

SALAP,  Salep. 

SALCOMBE,  (CLIMATE  OF.)    A  small  place 

—  the  Montpelier  of  Iluxham  —  which  is  one  of 
the  warmest  spots  on  the  S.  W.  coast  of  England, 
and,  therefore,  in  this  respect  adapted  for  the 
phthisical  invalid  as  a  winter  retreat. 

SALEP,  Saloop'  (so  pronounced.)  Salab,  Sa- 
I'lp.  The  prepared  bulb  of  the  Orchis  mns'culn 
and  other  species  of  Orchis.  The  salep  of  Cach- 
meve  is  from  a  species  of  Euloph'ia.  Salep  is  in 
Pinall,  irregular,  hard  masses.  In  its  composition 
in  relation  to  water,  it  is  closely  analogous  to 
tragacanth.  It  is  possessed  of  similar  virtues 
■with  sago,  tapioca,  &c.  The  mucilage  is  prepared 
by  dissolving  the  powdered  salep  in  hot  water, 
with  assiduous  stirring,  and  adding  to  the  solu- 
tion sugar  and  milk. 

Salep,  Otaheite,  Arrow-root.(Tabiti). 

SALER'NUM,  (SCHOOL  OF.)  An  ancient 
school  of  medicine  at  Salerno  in  Italy.  It  w.as 
established  by  Charlemagne,  in  802;  and  was  the 
first  Christian  university  at  which  medicine  was 
taught.  It  was  much  celebrated,  especially  in 
the  12th  century.  The  work  on  hygiene,  "  De 
Conservandd  Vuletndine,"  which  bears  its  name, 
Las  passed   through   several  editions  in  various 


languages.  It  is  supposed  to  have  been  written 
by  John  of  Milan,  in  1100,  and  is  in  Leonine 
verses. 

SALTCARTA,  Lythrum  salicaria. 
SALICINE,  see  Salix. 
SALICORNIA  AKABICA,  Ac,  sec  Soda. 
SALINE',  Sdli'iiiis,  SKliiia'ciHH,  Salni(te"i(lii», 
Siili'ttts,    ^ulstis,    Hitli'uus,   Hdliiiy'riiH,    'iiA/ii'(i<.i, 
Hdlicv'cies,  iStili'noiis,  from  8«^    That  which  con- 
tains a  salt,  or  has  the  properties  of  a  salt. 

Saline  Dhaught  or  Mixtuue.  This  may  be 
made  as  follows: — Potass,  carbdii.  ^j,  acid,  cihic. 
seu  tartar,  gr.  xv  sen  siicc.  liiiioii.  recent.  ^»s, 
aqiKB  i^vWy  syrup.  citjusviH  ^j-  M.  Given  in  di- 
vided doses  as  a  febrifuge. 

Saline  Effervescing  Draught  or  Mixtiiise 
is  made  by  adding  a  due  proportion  of  either  of 
the  acids  above  mentioned,  or  of  lemon-juice,  to 
the  proper  proportion  of  the  carbonate  of  soda  or 
potassa.  About  25  grains  of  the  acid  saturate 
IjO  grains  of  the  carbonate.  See  Powders,  soda. 
SALINES,  see  Kentucky,  mineral  waters  of. 
SALINOUS,  Saline. 

SALIS  AMMONIACI  FLORES,  Ammonia) 
carbonas. 

SALITIO.  Leap. 
SALITUS,  Saline. 
SALIUM,  Saliva. 
SALIUNCA,  Valeriana  Celtica. 
SALI'VA,  Si'alon,  Si'elon,  Sialo'ma,  Ptysma, 
Pty'alon,  Pty'elon,  Sa'lium,  Sputa'men,  Spiita- 
mcii'tiim,  Sputum,  Spittle,  (Old.  Eng.)  Spnul, 
(Prov.)  Spoat.  An  inodorous,  insipid,  transpa- 
rent, slightly  viscid  fluid  ;  secreted  by  the  parotid, 
submaxillary  and  sublingual  glands,  and  poured 
into  the  mouth  by  the  ducts  of  Steno,  AVharton, 
and  Rivinus;  the  use  of  which  is  to  mix  with  the 
alimentary  bolus,  and  to  serve  in  the  process  of 
digestion.  It  is  composed,  according  to  Berxelius, 
of  992-2  parts  of  water,  2-9  of  a  particular  ani- 
mal matter,  soluble  in  water,  and  insoluble  in  al- 
cohol, pty'dliji,  priucip'ium  saliva'le,  mate' na 
siaU'na,  Ca'sein  of  the  sali'va,  Sal'ivary  albu'- 
men,  of  1-4  of  mucus,  1'7  of  chlorides  of  potas- 
sium and  sodium,  0-9  of  lactate  of  soda  and  ani- 
mal matter,  and  0'2  of  soda. 

SALIVA  FLUXUS  CIBO  VISO,  see  Saliva- 
tion. 

SALIVAIRE,  Anthemis  pyrethrum,  Salivary. 
SALIVA L,  Salivary. 
SALIVANS,  Sialagogue. 
SALTVANT,  Sialagogue. 
SALIVARIS,  Salivary  — s.  Ilcrba,  Anthemis 
pyrethrum. 

SAL'IVARY,  Saliva'rius,  Saliva'ria,  Sali'vo'- 
sua,  Sal.i'val,  Sali'vous,  from  saliva,  (F.)  Salivaire. 
That  which  belongs  to  the  saliva. 

Salivary  Albumen,  see  Saliva — s.  Calculi,  see 
Calculi,  salivary. 

Salivary  Fis'tbl^u,  Syalosyrin'geg,  are  such 
as  depend  upon  an  accidental  opening  into  the 
excretory  ducts  of  the  salivary  glands.  FistulsB 
are  most  commonly  met  with  in  the  duct  of  Steno. 
Salivary  Glands,  Secreting  organs  of  the 
saliva,  Salival  glands,  are  situate  symmetrically, 
to  the  number  of  four,  on  each  side  of  the  face. 
Their  form  is  very  irregular,  and  their  extent 
varies  according  to  individuals.  Their  excretory 
ducts  —  Ductus  Saliva' rii,  (F.)  Canaux  ou  Con- 
duits saiivaires—carry  the  saliva  directly  into  the 
mouth,  without  pouring  it  into  any  intermediate 
reservoir,  as  happens  in  the  case  of  some  of  the 
other  glands.  'The  salivary  glands  have  been 
distinguished  into, — 1.  The  parotid ;  2.  The  sub- 
maxillary; .3.  The  sublingual  ;  and  4.  The  ivtra- 
lingual  or  lingual,  seated  at  the  inferior  surface 
of  the  tongue,  where  the  mucous  membrane  forma 
a  fringed  fold. 


RALIVATIO 


815 


SALT 


RALT\'ATIO,  Salivation — s.  Mercurialis,  Sali- 
viitioii,  fiHTciirial. 

SALIVA'TIOX.  SdUmi'ilo,  S.  cal'uh,,  Epiph'- 
of'i  jilyiillH'iimH,  S'iii/ii'miis,  Sputum  Oris,  SinV- 
tirhiiH,  S'ifliMmoH,  Si'i/on-hie'a,  Sluliize'miii,  Phja- 
lin'miiH^  I'tij'itiiHiii,  F/nxiiH  Holi'ia-,  (F.)  Flux  tie 
Jiiinelie,  t'lnjc  milivaire,  Pti/iiliHiiie  ;  from  Saliva. 
A  fiUfitTiibunilant  scorction  of  s^aliva;  ocea.-iioned 
either  locally,  hy  the  use  of  irritating;  inasticatories, 
or  uiiclor  the  influence  of  some  cause  which  acts  on 
the  whole  economy,  and  especially  of  mercurial 
])reparations.  In  this  last  case  it  is  accompanied 
hy  a  coppery  taste  in  the  mouth,  by  swelling  of 
the  gums,  and  sometimes  by  looseness  of  the 
teeth.  Salivation  may  usually  be  diminished  by 
tiie  use  of  astringents,  laxatives,  <fec. 

Pti/dh'umiiii  ticu'tiiH  m/nip(ilhct'icHH,  Saliva  fluxus 
ciho  vino,  Mouth  waterlufj,  the  increased  flow  of 
saliva  produced  by  the  sight,  -smell,  or  thought 
of  agreeable  food,  is  a  species  of  ptyalism,  as  well 
lis  the  PtyaliHnius  acutuH  meUi'tnu.  Apoceno'sia 
plipilix' lUUH  m-ellitns,  Dulce'do  Sputato'rum,  or 
Swvv.l  npiitle.  In  this,  the  saliva  has  a  sweet  or 
umcilaginous  taste. 

Salivation,  Mercu'riai.,  Saliva'tio  merrn- 
ria'lia,  Slaloze'mia  sen  Ptij(ilis'7>iitii  viercufiri'lia, 
P.  hydrart/yra'tuH,  (F.)  I'ttjaliaiue  mercurici,  Sali- 
vnlioii  mercttritlle.  Salivation  produced  by  mer- 
cury. The  stomatitis  that  accouxpanies  it  is 
termed  mercurial,  Hydrar' <jyro-8tomati' tis,  (F.) 
Stoma tite  iiiercurielle. 

SA LfVA  TION MERCUIUELLE,  Salivation, 
mercurial. 

SALTVATUM,  Sialagogue. 

SALIVOSUS,  Salivary. 

SALIVOUS,  Salivary. 

SALIX.  The  Willow,  I'tea,  (Prov.)  Salhf, 
Snlhi-withy,  (Sc.)  Saucli,  Snucjh,  Willan,  (F.) 
Sdule.  A  genus  of  plants  in  the  Linnsean  system. 
Old.  Salicacese. 

Salix  Fiiag"ilis,  S.  pen'dula  seu  decip'iens 
.sou  nuiyr/dali'iin  seu  peraici/ti'lin  seu  linaselio'ua 
si'u  pippoph'ae/olia  seu  Trevirn'nii,  or  Crack  wil- 
hnv  (Ph.  D.)  Salix  Ai.TJA,  .S".  cceru'lca  seu  vitel- 
ll'iia.  or  White  willow  (Ph.  D.  and  Ph.  U.  S.),  (F.) 
Oaier.  Salix  Latifo'i.ia,  or  broad-leaved  wil- 
low. Salix  Ca'prra,  .V.  Sphacela'ta  sen  tomeu- 
in'aa,  or  Great  round-leaved  willow  (Ph.  L.) 
Salix  Pbntan'dria  seu  HERMAPHRoniT'icA. 
Salix  JIu'milis,  Low  bush  willow.  Speckled 
willow.  Salix  Vituli'na,  Sai.ix  Erioceph'ala. 
The  bark  of  each  of  these  has  a  slightly  aro- 
matic odour,  and  a  bitter  astringent  taste,  which 
is  nearly  the  same  in  all  the  species.  It  is  tonic 
and  astringent,  and  has  been  used  in  intermit- 
tents,  and  in  cases  of  dyspepsia,  worms,  <fec.  The 
iii'tive  principle  has  been  separated,  and  called 
Sal'iciiie.  It  has  been  found  in  about  fourteen 
.«oecies  of  salix  and  eight  species  of  Popuhis;  is 
like  the  quinia  in  medicinal  efficacy.  Dose,  ^j  to 
,^j  of  the  powder.  Dose  of  Salicine  from  4  to  6 
grains. 

Salix  iRoYPTiACA,  Calaf. 

SALLKNDERS,  Malandria. 

SALLYS.  Adeps. 

SALLOW,  Lurid. 

SALLY,  Salix. 

SALLY-WITIIY.  Salix. 

SALMIAC,  AminoniiiD  uiurins. 

SALOOP,  Salep.  Also,  sassafras  tea  flavored 
with  milk  and  sugar.  Under  this  name  a  tea  is 
Cold  in  the  streets  of  London  which  consists  of 
(in  infusion  of  the  wood  of  Laurun  Saaaafraa  with 
■the  addition  of  milk  and  sugar — Sas'aa/roa  Tea. 
SALPETRA,  Potassa,  nitrate  of,  Soda,  ni- 
trate of. 

SALPIXGEMPIIRAX'TS.  from  (raXnyf.  caX- 
ziyyoi,  '  a  tube,'  and  riifpa^ii,  '  obstruction.'    Ob- 


struction of  the  Eustachian  tube;  —  a  cause  of 
deafness. 

SALPIXGI'TIS,  from  aaXriy^,  ira'X-iyyof,  'a 
tube,' and  ilia,  'denoting  inflammation.'  Inflam- 
mation of  the  Eustachian  tube. 

S  A  L  P  I  N  G  0  C  YE'SIS,  Pamcye'ais  tuhn'ria, 
Gravid'itaa  tuba'riu,  from  ffoAiriyl,  o-«Ariyyo?,  'a 
tube  or  trumpet,'  and  KUTjirif,  'pregnancy.'  Tubal 
pregnancy. — See  Pregnancy,  tubal. 

SALP'JNGOMALLKKN.  Tensor  tyrapani. 

SALPINGOPIIARYNGiE'US,  from  mAziyl 
aoKniyyai;,  '  a  trumpet,' and  <papvy^,  'the  pharynx.' 
Valsalva  and  Douglas  have  given  this  name  to  a 
bundle  of  fibres,  which  passes  from  the  Eustachian 
tube  to  the  pharvnx. 

S  A  L  P I N  G  6  S  T  A  P 11  Y  L INUS,  Circumflex 
muscles — s.  Staphvlinus  interniis,  Levator  palati. 

SALPINGOSTENOCnO'RIA,  from  cX^iy^, 
aaXniyyoi,  'a  tube,'  crrtvof,  'narrow,'  and  Xutfia, 
'space.'  Narrowness  or  stricture  of  the  Eusta- 
chian tube. 

SALPINX.  Tuba. 

SALSAMENTUM  CRUDUM,  Omotarichog. 

SALSAPARILLA  GERMANICA,  Sarsapa- 
rilla  Germanica. 

SALSEDO  MUCRTJM,  Potassae  nitras. 

SALSEPAIIEILLE,  Sinilax  sarsaparilla  —  s. 
d'Allemagne,  Sarsaparilla  Germanica — a.  dn  Bre- 
ail,  a.  Citraqne,  a.  de  Honduraa,  a.  de  Peru,  and 
«.  de  Portugal,  see  Smilax  sarsaparilla. 

SALSIFI,  Tragopogon  porrifolium. 

SALSILAGO,  Muria. 

SALSOLA   DECUMRENS.  S.  Kali. 

Salso'la  Kali,  S.  Decum'liena,  Kali  soda  seu 
spino'aum  cochlea'tiim,  Privkly  Saltwort,  Tragus 
sivc  Tragum  Jfattlii'oli.  (Jrd.  Chenopodiaceae; 
from  sal,  'salt,'  owing  to  its  saline  properties. 
This  plant,  as  well  as  Salmla  aati'va  and  Salaola 
aodn  seu  Imujifo'lia,  Kali  iner'tuin,  Herha  vitri, 
produces  the  alkaline  salt,  commonly  called  Ba- 
rilla, Soda,  or  A'elp. 

Salsoi.a  Longifolia,  S.  Kali — s.  Sativa,  &c., 
see  S.  Kali,  and  Soda  —  s.  Soda,  see  S.  KalL 

SALSUGINOSUS,  Ilalmyrodes. 

SALSUS.  Saline. 

SALT,  Sal.  Hal,  Ilnla,  'a\g,  (F.)  Sel.  A  name 
formerly  given  to  a  considerable  number  of  sub- 
stances of  very  difi"erent  nature.  At  present,  chj'- 
raists  apply  the  term  Salti  exclusively  to  the  com- 
bination of  an  acid  with  one  or  more  bases.  A^eu- 
tral  salts  are  those  in  which  the  acid  and  base 
reciprocally  saturate  each  other.  Acid  salts  or 
supersalts,  (F.)  Snr-sels,  are  those  in  which  the 
acid  predominates  over  the  base.  Alhaliue  salts 
or  snhaalta,  (F.)  Sous-sels,  those  in  which  the  base 
is,  on  the  contrary,  predominant.  The  different 
denominations  of  the  salts  are  compounded.  1.  Of 
the  name  of  the  acid:  the  termination  of  which 
is  changed  into  ite,  when  the  name  of  the  acid  is 
in  ovs  ;  —  ate,  when  it  is  in  ie.  Thus  the  salts 
formed  by  the  aulplmroua  acid  are  sulphites  / 
those  Viy  the  sulphuric,  sulphates.  2.  This  name 
is  followed  up  by  that  of  the  oxyd,  which  enters 
into  the  composition  of  the  s.alt.  Thus,  the  sid- 
pJiate  of  proto.ryd  of  iron  is  a  combination  of 
sulphuric  acid  with  the  protoxyd  of  that  metal. 
Frequently,  to  shorten  the  name,  the  word  oxyd 
is  suppressed ;  and  proto,  druto,  trifo,  <tc.,  put 
before  the  acid  : — as  prolosulphnte  of  irov.  Sim- 
ple salts  are  those  resulting  from  the  combina- 
tion of  an  acid  with  a  single  base;  doulle  salts 
with  two  diff'erent  bases:  triple  with  three.  Ac. 
A  haloid  salt  is  one  constituted  after  the  type  of 
common  salt,  or  which  contains  a  metal  and  a 
salt-radical,  as  chlorine,  iodine,  &e.  An  oxysalt 
is  formed  from  the  combination  of  an  acid  with 
an  oxide. 

AVhen  salt  is  used  in  an  abstract  sense,  it  means 
the  chloride  of  sodium. 


SALTANS  ROSA 


816 


SAMPSUCUS 


Salt,  Apf.uient,  of  Fredkrick,  Soda,  sulpliiite 
of — f.  ]5aker's,  Ammonia;  carbonas — s.  of  Barilla, 
Soda,  subcarbonate  of — s.  Bay,  Soda,  muriate  of 
— s.  Bitter  purging,  Magnesiio  sulphas — s.  Com- 
mon, Soda,  muriate  of — s.  Epsom,  Magnesise  sul- 
phas— s.  Glauber's,  Soda,  sulphate  of — s.  Glau- 
ber's, Lymington,  see  Soda,  sulphate  of — s.  Pres- 
ton, see  AmmoniiB  carbonas  —  s.  Rochelle,  Soda, 
tartrate  of — s.  Rock,  Soda,  muriate  of — s.  Sea, 
Soda,  muriate  of — s.  Secondary,  Neutral  salt — s. 
Seignelte's,  Soda,  tartrate  of — s.  Smelling,  Ammo- 
nise  carbonas — s.  of  Soda,  Soda,  subcarbouate  of 
—  s.  Sore-throat,  Potassae  nitras  fusus  sulphatis 
paucillo  mixtus. 

Salt  op  Tartar,  see  Potassaj  subcarbonas, 
and  Potash. 

Salt,  Tasteless  Puuging,  Soda,  phosphate  of. 
Salt  of  Urine,  Ammoniae  carbonas. 
Salt,  Whitk,  Soda,  muriate  of. 
Salt  op  Woodsoot,  Ammonice   carbonas  —  s. 
of  Wormwood,  see  Potash. 
SALTANS  ROSA,  Urticaria. 
SALTATIO.  Dancing  — s.  Sancti  Viti,  Chorea. 
SALT'ERTON.     A  village  about  four  miles  to 
the  eastward  of  Exmouth,  England,  frequented 
as  a  winter  abode  by  invalids.     It  is  in  a  small, 
open  valley  on  the  seashore,  and  is  well  protected 
from  winds,  particularly  the  northerly. 
SALTISH,  Ilalmyrodes. 
SALTPETRE,  Potasses  nitras. 
SALTUS,  Leap,  Vulva— s.  Tendinum,  SubsuL 
tus  tendinum. 

SALTWORT,  PRICKLY,  Salsola  kali. 
SALUBRIOUS.  Salutary. 
SALUBRIOUSNESS,  Salubrity. 
SALUBRIS,  Salutary. 

SALU'BRITY,  S<du'britaa,  Salu'hriousness, 
(F.)  Salnhrite,  from  saliin,  'health.'  Anything 
which  contributes  to  the  health  of  individuals  or 
of  communities.  Situations  differ  materially  from 
each  other  in  this  respect;  and  the  cause  of  the 
difference  is  often  an  interesting  topic  of  inquiry. 
SALUS,  Sanifas. 
SALUrATHE,  Salutary. 

SAL'UTARY.  Fenex'ticos,  Snhdn'rin,  S'dn'- 
her,  S'tln'bris,  Hi/r/iei'iiun,  Hi/i/ia>i'tici(s,  Hi/gle'- 
ruK,  Salu'biius,  (F.)  Sahitnire,  Salubre.  Same 
etymon.  Healthy.  That  which  is  favourable  to 
health.  Some  diseases  have  been  considered  sa- 
lutary ;  but  this  is  doubtful. 

SALUTIF^ROUS,  Salu'ti/er ;  from  sahia, 
salutis,  'health,'  and  fero,  'I  bear.'  Bringing 
health  ;  health-bearing. 

SALVATEL'LA;  same  etymon,  [?  ]  Vena  nal- 
riitel'/a,  is  situate  on  the  back  of  the  hand,  near 
its  inner  margin.  It  begins  on  the  posterior  sur- 
face of  the  fingers  and  dorsal  surface  of  the  hand, 
by  a  plexus,  formed  of  a  number  of  radicles,  fre- 
quently anastomosing  with  each  other;  it  then 
ascends  to  the  inner  part  of  the  forearm,  where  it 
takes  the  name — posterior  cubital.  The  ancients 
recommended  this  vein  to  be  opened  in  certain 
diseases,  as  in  melancholic  and  hypochondriacal 
affections  ;  and  they  attributed  to  such  abstraction 
of  blood  considerable  efiBcacy  in  the  cure  of  dis- 
ease :  hence  its  name. 

SALVE,  BLISTERING,  Unguentum  lyttte- 
s.  Deshler's,  Cera  turn  resinge  compositum — s.  Eye, 
Unguentum  oxidi  zinci  impuri  —  s.  Eye,  Single- 
ton's, Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi  —  s. 
Healing,  Cerate  of  calamine. 

SAL'VIA,  (from  salveo,  'to  be  sound,'  owing 
to  its  reputed  healing  qualities  ;)  iS".  officina'lin 
seu  horteii'iis  seu  vnlgn'ris  seu  minor,  Elelin'- 
phacos.  Sage,  Save,  (F.)  Sauge,  Petite  Snnge,  The 
({'Europe  ou  de  France.  Ord.  Labiatae.  Sex. 
Si/«t.  Diandria  Monogynia.  Sage  leaves,  Snlria 
(Ph.  U.  S.),  have  a  peculiar,  aromatic  odour,  and 
a  warm,  aromatic,  bitterish  taste.     Their  virtues 


depend  upon  an  essential  oil.  They  arc  tonic, 
stimulant,  and  carminative.  In  the  form  of  iv 
weak  infusion,  Sage  is  occasionally  used  ns  a  di- 
luent, and  as  a  wash  for  sore  mouth.  Dose,  gr. 
XV  to  XXX  or  more. 

Salvia  Afiuca'na,  }Vild  Sage,  a  South  Afri- 
can species,  has  the  same  medical  properties  as 
Salvia. 

Salvia  Colorata,  Salvia. 
Salvia   IIormi'num,  S.  colora'ta,  Hnrmi'num, 
H.co/ora'titni  seu  sati't^uni,  (F.)  Sauge-liormin,  of 
the  Pharmacopoeias,  is  used  in  similar  cases. 
Salvia  Hortensis.  Salvia. 

Salvia  Lyra'tA,  Wi/d  Sage,  Cancer  Weed ; 
indigenous.  The  fresh  leaves,  bruisc^l,  are  used 
to  destroy  warts.  It  has  been  supposed  to  bo  of 
use  in  cancer. 

Salvia  Minor,  Salvia  —  s.  Officinalis,  Salvia. 
Salvia  Scla'rba,  Sclarea,  Gallit'richum, 
jEthio' pis,  liiner'maH,  OoIud  Jovis,  Common  Clary, 
(F.)  Sauge  sclaree,  Grand  sauge,  Orvale  ou  Toute- 
boniie.  The  leaves  have  been  recommended  as 
corroborants  and  anti-spasmodics. 

Salvia  Vit^,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria  —  s. 
Vulgaris,  Salvia, 

SAMADE'RA  IN'DICA,  Ord.  Simarubca),  fur- 
nishes the  NiejMi  bark,  which  is  possessed  of 
antiperiodic  properties. 

SAMBU'CUS,  from  aan^vxri,  an  ancient  musi- 
cal instrument,  said  to  have  been  made  of  its 
wood.  Sabu'cus,  Sambucus  nigra  seu  vulga'riH 
seu  arbo'rea,  Acte,  Infe'lix  lignum  ;  Elder,  El- 
norne,  Ellen-tree,  Ellarne,  (Sc.)  Boartrec,  Jiore- 
tree,  Bountree,  {'Prow)  Bottry  tree,  Burtree,  Ellet, 
EIren,  Scaio,  (F.)  Sureau  connnuu.  Ord.  Capri- 
foliacea9.  Sex.  Si/st.  Pentandria  Digynia — (the 
flower  and  bark  were  formerly  called  Caini'pum). 
The  flowers,  berries,  and  bark  of  the  elder  have 
been  used  in  medicine.  The  //owero  have  been 
reputed  diaphoretic  and  discutient;  the  berries, 
aperient  and  sudorific  ;  the  bark,  purgative,  and, 
in  small  doses,  deobstruent.  The  flowers  are 
sometimes  used  in  fomentations,  and  to  form  a 
cooling  ointment. 

Sambuci's  Arborea,  Sambucus  —  s.  Chamae- 
acte.  S.  ebulus. 

Sambucus  Eb'ultis,  S.  Chammacte  seu  he'lion 
seu  hn'milis  seu  herba'cea,  Ebulus,  Cliamaac'te, 
Od'ocos,  Dwarf-elder,  Danetnort,  (F.)  Hiible, 
Yeble.  The  root,  interior  bark,  leaves,  flowers, 
Sambucus  (Ph.  U.  S.),  berries,  (Baccm  sou  Grann 
Actes,)  and  seeds,  have  all  been  given  in  mode- 
rate doses  as  resolvents  and  deobstruents  ;  and  in 
large  doses  as  hydragogues.  The  berries  of  Sam- 
bucus Canaden'sis,  the  Common  Elder  of  Anierica. 
are  made  officinal  in  the  Pharmacopaiii  of  thu 
United  States.  A  distilled  water  of  the  flowers, 
Aqua  Sambu'ci,  Elder  Water,  is  officinal  in  the 
London  and  Edinburgh  Pharmacopoeias. 

Sambucus  Helion,  Sambucus  ebulus — s.  Iler- 
bacea,  S.  ebulus — s.  Humilis,  S.  ebulus— s.  Nigra, 
Sambucus. 

Sambucus  Pu'bens,  iS".  pubes'ccns  seu  race- 
mo'sa,  Red-berried  Elder  ;  indigenous."  The  bark, 
in  decoction,  is  said  to  be  a  valuable  hydragoguo 
cathartic. 

Sambucus  Racemosa,  S.  pubens — s.  Vulgaris, 
Sambucus. 

SAMI  TERRA,  Su'mian  Earth.  An  argilla- 
ceous earth,  found  in  the  island  of  Sanios,  to 
which  were  ascribed  virtues  similar  to  those  of 
the  Terra  Lemnii.— Galen,  Dioscoridcs. 

SA'MIUS  LAPIS.  A  stone  found  in  the  Isle 
of  Samos,  which  the  ancients  believed  to  be  as- 
tringent and  refrigerant. 

SAMPHIRE.  Crithnium  maritimum. 
SAMPSON,  BLACK,  Echinacea  purpurea. 
SAMPSUCHUS,  Thymus  mastichina. 
SAMPSUCUS,  Origanum  majorana. 


SAMPSYCiriNON 


81 


SANITARIUM 


SAMPSYCIITXON,  SampWchinum,    An  oint- 
ment c.inpos.Hl  of  an^^vxov,  which  was  perhaps 
marjdrain.  —  Dioscorides. 
SANAHILIS,  Curable. 
SANA15LE,  Curable. 
SAXAMIJNDA,  (Jeum  urbjinum. 
SANATIO,  Curation,  Cure 
SANATIVK,  Curative. 
SANAIOIIIUM,  Sanitarium. 
SANATORY,  Curative. 

SAN  GIULIANO,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
At  the  foot  of  the  mountain  San  Uiuliano,  a 
league  and  a  half  from  Pisa,  are  several  mineral 
springs;  temperature  from  84°  to  107°  Fahr. 

The  spring,  Pozzetto,  contains  carbonic  acid, 
sulphates  of  soda,  lime,  and  magnesia;  chlorides 
of  sodium  and  magnesium  ;  carbonates  of  lime 
and  magnesia;  argil  and  silica.— Santi. 

SAND,  see  tJravel  — s.  Brain,  see  Pineal  gland 
—  e.  Pineal,  see  Pineal  gland. 

SANDALUM  C^.RULEUM,  Guilandina  mo- 
ringa— s.  Rubrum,  Pterocarpus  santalinus. 

SAN'DARAC,  Sandara'clut,  Gum  Jii'in'per  or 
Sandnrach,  Pounce,  Gummi  Jnin'p'en,  Suii(la)yt'- 
en,  Veniix  m'cca,  Jiesfna  Junip'eri,  (F.)  S'tndn- 
raqne,  Gomme  de  Geiievn'er.  A  name  given,  by 
the  Arabs,  to  an  odorous  resin,  that  flows  from 
the  Tlnit/(i  «]>h;il.'l<t.  Oid.  Conifer*.  Sej-.  Sysf. 
Monoecia  Monadelphia.  It  is  stimulant,  like  all 
the  resins  ;  but  is  verv  little  used. 
SANDARACIIA  GR^CORUM,  Rcalo-ar. 
SAND-BLIND,  nearly  blind.  A  defect  of 
vision,  in  which  small  particles  seem  to  fly  before 
the  eyes.     Sec  Metamorphopsia. 

SANDERS,  see  Saunders. 
.    SANDIVER,  see  Yitrum. 

SANDIX,  Plumbi  oxydum  rubrum. 
SANDYX,  Plumbi  oxydum  rubrum. 
SA.XG,  Blood  — «.  Arteriel,  Arterial  blood  — «. 
Draijoii,  Rume.x  sanguineus — ».  Bmrjoti,  see  Ca- 
lamus rotang  —  ».  Globules  du,   Globules  of  the 
blood— 8.  Pcrle  de,  IlaMnorrhagia. 

SANGAREE'.  Wine  and  water,  sweetened 
.and  spieed. 

SANG  LOT,  Sob. 
SANGSdE,  Ilirudo. 

SANGUIDUCTUS  DUR^  MATRIS,  Sinuses 
of  the  dura  mater. 

•    SANGUIFICATIO,  Hismatosis  —  s.  Debilior, 
Hyphiematosis. 

SANGUIFLUXUS,  Hsemorrhagia  —  s.  Uteri- 
nus.  Metrorrhagia. 
SANGUIMOTION,  Circulation. 
SANGUIMOTORY,  Circulatory. 
SAyGCfX,  (VinSxeau.)  Blood-vessel. 
SANGUINALIS  CORRIGIOLA,  Polygonum 
aviculare. 

SANGUINA'RIA,     from    snur/ui'.i,     eanqniuis, 
'blood,'  owing  to  the  colour  of  its  juice.    S'.  Cann- 
den'nin  sen  aean'li»,  Bloudrnot,  Uloodwnrt,Pucconn, 
Red  Piivcooii,  Red  Root.  Indian  Paint,  Tiir'meric. 
Nat.  Ord.  PapaveraccEe.     Sex.  Si/nf.   Polyandria 
Monogynia.     A  North  American  plant,  the  rhi- 
Eoma,  Sanguiuaria  (Ph.  U.  S.),and  seeds  of  which 
are  used  in  medicine.    They  are  emetic.    Dose  of 
the  powder,  S  to  20  grains.     They  are  said   to 
reduce  the  velocity  of  the  pulse,  like  digitalis. 
SANcuiNAniA,  Polygonum  aviculare. 
SANGUINE,   San</uin'eiM,  Sdnyuino'snn,  H(b- 
tnat'ieus,  Iltpmalo'den,  Hamate' rus,   Ifeemati'mis, 
Ifcemo'defi,  Hceino'i'des,   Sanguin'eoiin,    Hepmat'ic, 
(F.)  Siini/uin.      From  sangtiis,  nangninia,  '  blood.' 
Bloody,  blood-like  ;  having  the  colour  of  blood, 
ns    'a    sanguine    countenance.'     Relating    to,  or 
Containing  blood  —  as 'sanguine  temperament.' 
Plethoric. 
SANGUINEA.  Potassse  nitras. 
SAN(JUrNENKSS,  Plethora. 
SANGUINEOUS,  Plethoric,  Sanguine. 


SANGUINEUS,  Sanguine. 
SANGUINIS  ABSORPTIO,  Jlaemorrhophesis 
— 8.  Congestio,  Congestion— s.Dissolutio,  ILema- 
teclysis— s.  Fluor,  Haemoptysis— s.  Fluor  Ycsic», 
Cystorrhagia  —  s.  Ictus,  Apoplexy  —  s.  Missio. 
Blood-letting— s.  Profluvium  copiosum,   Ilieinor- 

rhagia— s.  Profluvium  ex  Ore,  Stomatorrhagia 

s.  Stagnatio.  Ilaemostasis. 

SANGUIN'OLENT,  Sanguinohn'tufi,  fvomsan- 
guin,  sanguinis,  '  blood.'  Tinged  with  blood.  An 
epithet  applied,  particularly,  to  the  sputa  when 
so  tinged.     Bloody. 

SANGUINOSUS.  Sanguine. 
SANGUIPUR'GIUM,  from  sanguis,  'h]o,^<\,' 
and  pitrgare,  '  to  cleanse.'  Purgation  of  the 
blood.  A  name  given  by  some  authors  to  mild 
fevers,  from  an  idea  that  they  purged  the  blood 
of  noxious  matters. 

SANGUIS,  Blood,  Sperm— s.  Concretus,  Coa- 
gulum — s.  Draconis,  see  Calamus  rotang— s.  Hiici 

siccatus,  see  Blood— s.  Menstruus,  see  Menses 

s.  in    Urina,  Haematuria  —  s.  Yirginis   priraum 
nienstruatae,  see  Menses. 

SANGUISOR'BA  CANADEN'SIS,  Canada 
Burnett.  From  sanguis,  'blood,'  and  sorhere,  'to 
absorb.'  A  tall  indigenous  plant — Ord.  RosacetB  — 
with  white,  sometimes  purple, flowers, which  appear 
from  August  to  October.  It  has  the  same  virtues  as 
SaNGUISOR'bA  OffICINA'liS,  S.  car'nea  sell 
rubra,  It(d'ian  Pim'pinel,  Pimpinel'la  Ital'iea. 
seu  offieina'lis,  (F.)  Pimpreuelle  noire.  It  was 
formerly  used  as  an  astringent  and  tonic,  in 
hemorrhages,  dysentery,  &c. 
SANGUISUGA,  Ilirudo. 

SANGUISU'GUM,  from  sanguis,  'blood,'  and 
sngere,  '  to  suck.'     A  barbarous  term,   to    denote 

too  great  an  accumulation  of  blood  in  the  heart. 

Bonetus. 

SANICLE,  Sanicula,  S.  Marilandica— s.  Ame- 
rican, Ileuchera  cortusa — «.  de  Mariland,  Sanicula 
Marilandica —  s.  Yorkshire,  Pinguicola  vulgaris. 
SANICULA,  (from  aano,  'I  heal,')  Saxifraga 
granulata. 

Sanic'iila,  S.  Europa'a  seu  officina'mm  seu 
mas,  Astran'tia  dinpen'sia,  Canca'lis  Sanic'nln, 
Cueulla'ta,  Dodeca'theon,  Sipn'plnjtuin.  petrm'uni, 
l)i<ipen'sia,  D.  cortu'sa,  San'icle,  Wood  Jl/arrh, 
{¥.)  Toute-saine.  Oc(/.  Umbellifera^.  Se.r.  Sysf. 
PentandriaDigynia.  This  herb  was  formerly  used 
as  a  mild  astringent.  It  is  bitterish,  and  some- 
what austere. 

Sanicula  Eboracensis,  Pinguicola  vulgaris — s. 
Europa?a,  Sanicula. 

Sanic'iila  MARiLAN'niCA,  San'icle,  3Ia'ryland 
Sanicle,  Black  Snakeroot,  (F.)  Sanicle  de  Marl- 
land.  This  indigenous  plant  grows  in  marshes, 
or  low  and  shaded  ground.  It  is  possessed  of 
tonic  virtues  ;  and  the  powdered  root  is  employed 
in  popular  practice  as  a  favourite  remedy  in  in- 
termittent fever.  It  has  been  recommended, 
also,  in  chorea. 

Sanicula  Montana,  Pinguicola  vulgaris  —  s. 
Officinarum.  Sanicula. 

SANIDO'DES,;S'r»H?o'rfe«, 'resembling  a  board.' 
from  ffiiKj,  gen.  aavdoi,  '  a  board,'  and  etfn;,  •  re- 
semblance.'    One  whose  thorax  is  narrow,  and, 
as  it  were,  contracted. 
SANIE,  Sanies. 

SA'NIES,   Ichor,    Tabnm,    Virus,   Pun    malig'. 
nnm  seu  cnrrosi'vum,  (F.)  Sajiie,  corrupted  from 
sanguis,  'blood.'    A  thin,  serous  fluid,  presenting 
some  of  the  qualities  of  pus  and  blood,  and  com- 
monly exhaled  at  the  surface  of  ulcers. 
SANIEUX,  Ichorous. 
SANIODES,  Sanidodes. 
SANIOSUS.  Ichorous. 
SANIOUS,  Ichorous. 

SANITA'RIUM,  Sanato'rinm.  Same  etymon, 
as  the  next.    A  retreat  selected  for  valetudina- 


SANITARY 


818^ 


SAPO 


rinns,  in  consequence  of  its  salubrity.     Also,  an 
est!il)li.slnnerit  for  tlie  treatment  of  the  sick. 

SAN'ITAHY,  S'ini'atory,  horn  xaiiitax,  'he;iltli,' 
(F.J  Sdiiitaire.  That  which  relates  to  lieallh, 
and  especially  to  public  health  ;  as  etablinsemetit 
smiiUiire,  police  fitnitaire. 

SAN'ITAS,  from  sanus,  'healthy,'  Hi/rjie'a,  Ihj- 
(je'a,  Hyijidii'sis,  Ifi/f/i'<isis,  Inter/' ritdx,  Pronpei'- 
ilan  Vtdetit'Jiiits,  Sulus,  Hi/f/iei'ti,  Valetii'do,  Vali- 
tii'do,  Vnlem'do  bona  seu  secun'chi  seu  cotn'moJa, 
/{i/;/ei'o,Eiizoo(fy?ia'»iia, Health,  (Sc.)  Heil,  Heyle, 
Heal,  (F.)  Saute,  from  si7»i(s,  'sound.'  Health 
has  been  defined, — a  state,  in  which  all  the  func- 
tions are  e.xerted  with  regularity  and  harmony. 
A  person  may,  however,  be  in  health,  although 
certain  functions  are  not  performed.  A  blind 
man,  for  example,  has  health  when  all  his  func- 
tions, except  sight,  proceed  with  regularity. 
tSioiifij  is  often  used  for  soundness  of  mind. 

Sanita'',  Cure. 

SANITY,  Sanitas. 

SANKIRA,  Smilax  China. 

.SAABS'  PAIRE,  (  Veine,)  Azygos  vein. 

SANTA  CRUZ,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  This  West 
India  island  is  frequently  selected  as  a  winter  re- 
treat for  the  phthisical  valetudinarian  from  the 
United  States;  but  it  does  not  .seem  entitled  to 
any  preference,  in  such  cases,  over  the  other 
islands  of  the  West  Indies,  whilst  its  general 
salubrity  is  said  to  be  less  than  that  of  many. 

SANTAL  BLANC,  Santalum  album— «.i?oi/^e, 
Pterocarpus  santalinus. 

SANTALUM,  see  Pterocarpus  santalinus. 

San'talum  Album,  S.  cif'n'unm  seu  pal'lidum 
seu  myrti/u'liuiit,  Sir'ium  myrtifo'llum.  Yellow 
Sounders,  (F.)  Santal  hlanc.  Ord.  Santalacere. 
Sex.  Syit.  Tetrandria  Monogynia.  The  virtues 
of  the  wood  of  the  white  saunders  reside  in  a 
volatile  oil  and  resinous  principle.  The  odour  is 
fragrant,  and  resembles  a  mixture  of  ambergris 
and  roses.  It  has  been  used  as  a  stimulant  and 
sudorific,  but  it  is  not  now  employed.  The  saun- 
ders woods  are  called,  collectively,  in  French, 
Siintanx, 

Santaltim  Myrtifoltum,  S.  album  —  s.  Ru- 
brum,  Pterocarpus  santalinus. 

SANTE,  Sanitas. 

SANTONICUM,  Artemisia  santonicum. 

SAN'TONINB,  San'tonin,  Cinin.  A  peculiar 
crystalline  substance  obtained  from  Artemisia 
Santoniea.  It  possesses  the  anthelmintic  pro- 
perties of  the  plant.     Dose,  five  or  six  grains. 

SANTORI'NI,  FISSURES  OF,  (F.)  Incisures 
ou  Scissures  de  Santorini.  Clefts  at  the  upper 
and  back  part  of  the  fibro-cartilaginous  portion 
of  the  external  ear. 

Santorini,  Tu'bercles  op.  Small  cartilagi- 
nous projections  at  the  top  of  the  arytenoid  car- 
tilages, which  support  the  ligaments  of  the  glottis. 
See  Corniculum  Laryngis. 

SANVE,  Sinapis. 

SAO'RIA,  Sduarja.  The  ripe  and  dried  fruit 
of  Mnesa  seu  Bacoh'otrys  picta,  an  Abyssinian 
tree,  which  is  administered  in  its  native  country, 
in  powder,  in  doses  of  from  32  to  44  grammes,  as 
a  taenia fuge. 

SAP.  S.1X.  raepe.  (G.)  Saft,  Ar'borum  Succus 
seu  LympJia,  (F.)  Seve.  The  circulating  fluid  of 
the  vegetable,  which  corresponds  to  the  blood  of 
the  animal. 

SAPA.  see  Rob. 

SAPHA'DA.  Paracelsus  has  given  this  name 
to  reddish  scales  adherent  to  the  hair  in  some 
eruntions  of  the  hairy  scalp. 

S'aPII^NA,  Saphena. 

S.APHE'NA,  Saphm'na,  from  Tmfiijc,  'manifest,' 
'evident.'  (F.)  Saphene.  A  name  given  to  two 
subcutaneous   veins  of  the  lower  limb.     These 


are:  1.  The  Grkat  Sapiikna  Ykin,  S.  interna, 
Tihio.miille'ulnr  (Ch.),  (F.)  (Irande  Veine  So- 
pheiie  ou  Siipliene  interne.  Its  radicles  occupy 
the  inner  part  of  the  great  toe,  and  form  a  tran.s- 
verse  arch  on  the  back  of  the  foot,  whicii  unites 
with  the  saphena  externa,  and  receives  at  its 
convex  part,  which  is  turned  forwards,  a  number 
of  branches  coining  from  the  toes.  These  radi- 
cles, when  united,  ascend  before  the  inner  ankle, 
and  form  a  trunk,  the  size  of  which  is  fartlicr 
increased  by  several  branches  that  i)roeeed  from 
the  region  of  the  tarsus,  and  that  of  tiie  meta- 
tarsus, This  trunk  ascends  vertically  at  the 
inner  part  of  the  leg;  passes  behind  the  inner 
condyle  of  the  femur;  proceeds  along  tlie  inner 
part  of  the  thigh  ;  receives  other  subcutaneous 
veins,  such  as  the  abdominal  subcutaneous,  the 
external  pudic,  &e.,  and  passes  through  the  in- 
ferior opening  of  the  crural  can.al  to  empty  itself 
into  the  femoral  vein.  2.  The  L^;SSKH  Vena 
Saphena  or  Saphena  e.rterna,  Perone'o-miil- 
le'olar  Vein  of  Cbaussier,  (F.)  Petite  Veine  Sa- 
phene ou  Saphene  exterue,  commences  by  seve- 
ral roots,  which  arc  spread  over  the  dorsum  and 
outer  side  of  the  foot,  and  embrace  the  outer 
ankle.  Behind  this,  they  unite  into  a  single 
trunk,  which  ascends  obliciuely,  approaching  the 
tendo  Achillis,  and  proceeds  vertically  towards 
the  ham  to  open  into  the  popliteal  vei:u. 

SAPHENE,  Saphena. 

SAPHE'NOUS,  Sapheno'sns;  from  S^pheua. 
Of  or  belonging  to  the  saphena. 

Saphenous  Nerves  are  two  in  number,  and 
are  branches  of  the  crural  or  femoral  nerve. 
They  are  the  short  saphenous  —  nervus  cutaneus 
■internus ;  and  the  lony  saphenous  —  nervus  entu- 
neiis  internus  longus. 

The  external  saphenous,  formed  by  the  union 
of  the  coinmunicans  poplitei  and  comrnunicans 
peronei,  passes  down  the  leg  by  the  side  of  the 
external  saphenous  vein  of  the  foot. 

SAPID,  Sa'porous,  Sajj'idns,  (F.)  Savo}ireuj; 
from  sapere,  'to  taste.'  Possessed  of  sapidity 
Having  the  power  of  affecting  the  organs  of 
taste. 

SAPID'ITY,  Sap'idness,  Saporos'ity,  Sapor, 
(F.)  Sapidite.  The  quality  of  bodies  that  gives 
them  taste. 

SAFIN  C03BIUN,  Pinus  picea. 

SAPIN'DUS,  (sapo,  and  Indus,  'Indian  soap,') 
S.  Sapona'ria,  Sapona'ria,  Soap  Tree,  (F.)  Sa- 
vonnier  comrnuu.  Ord.  Sapindacese.  The  name 
of  the  plant  that  affords  the  Soap  Nits,  Sapo7ia'- 
ricB  Nu'culoB,  Bac'ccB  Bermuden'ses,  Soap-herfiei. 
A  spherical  fruit  about  the  size  of  a  cherry,  the 
cortical  part  of  which  is  yellow,  glossy,  and  so 
transparent  as  to  show  the  spherical  black  nut 
that  rattles  within,  and  includes  a  white  kernel. 
Tiie  cortical  part  of  this  fruit,  which  has  similar 
efiects  with  soap  in  washing,  has  been  recom- 
mended in  chlorosis,  and  as  a  stomachic  and 
deobstruent. 

SAPO,  Soap,  Sax.  rape.  Smegma,  (F.)  Savon. 
A  product  obtained  by  treating  fatty  bodies  with 
caustic  alkalies  dissolved  in  water.  In  the  Phar- 
macopoeia of  the  United  States,  it  means  Soap 
made  with  soda  and  olive  oil.  See  Sapo  medi- 
cinalis. 

Yellow  Soap  is  formed  of  turpentine,  oil,  and 
alkali. 

Castile  Soap,  being  made  of  fine  olive  oil,  is 
generally  used  internallj'.  The  yellow  and  soft 
soaps  are  the  most  stimulating;  and  arc,  conse- 
quently, best  adapted  for  particular  cutaneous 
eruptions. 

Internally,  soap  is  purgative  and  diuretic;  ex- 
ternally, it  is  detergent  and  stimulant.  Soapy 
water  is  used  with  the  greatest  success,  in  cases 


SAPONACEOUS 


819 


SARCOCOLLA 


of  poisoning  l)y  acids.  It  is  mostly  applied  ex- 
ternully  to  bruises  and  sprains.  In  f'harmact/, 
it  is  used  to  favour  the  solution  of  resins. 

Sapo  Ac"ii)us,  Acid  Soap,  is  a  combination  of 
a  fixed  oil  with  an  acid. 

Sai'O  Ammoniacams,  Linimentum  ammoniac 
fortiiiH  —  s.  Ammoniac  oleaceus,  Linimentum  am- 
iiioniyB  fortius — s.  Amygdalinus,  Sapo  uiedioina- 
liti  —  s.  Cacaotinus,  Sapo  coconeus — s.  Calcarius, 
Tiinitnentum  aquae  calcis  —  8.  Castiliensis,  see 
Sapo  medicinalis. 

Sapo  Coco'neus,  Snpo  cacaoti'nua,  Soap  of 
Vncoa-Nut  Oil,  (F.)  Savon  de  cacoa,  has  been 
much  used  in  Germany  in  herpetic  affections. 

Sapo  Durus,  S.  medicinalis  —  s.  Ilispanicus, 
gee  S.  medicinalis. 

Sapo  Kamcus,  S.  Mollis. 

Sapo  Liq'uidus,  Liquid  Soap,  Lotio  sapoiia'- 
cea,  is  a  cosmetic  which  is  composed  of  olive  oil 
\\v,  ol.  tartari  piir  deliquium  Jss.  Rub  together, 
and  add  a(fHcp,  rosiirum  ^xij. 

Sapo  Mkdicina'lis,  Sapo  ami/gd<ili'iii(i>,  Me- 
(lic"iiKtl  Snap,  (F.)  Sdvon  medicinal,  is  made  with 
oil  of  sweet  almonds  and  half  its  weight  of  caus- 
tic alkali,  or,  like  the  Sapo  Ilispan'iots  seu  Cas- 
tillen'sis,  Spnninh  or  CtiHtile  soap,  Sapo  durus, 
Supo  (Ph.  U.  S.),  (F.)  Savon  dw,  of  olive  oil  and 
soda. 

Sapo  Mollis,  S.  vir'idis  seu  ni'ger  seu  ka'li- 
cns,  Common  or  Soft  Soap,  (F.)  Savon  mou  ou 
nnir,  is  made  of  potass  and  oil  or  tallow.  The 
Sapo  vtdyiiris  or  'common  soap'  of  the  Pharm. 
U.  S.  is  made  with  soda  and  animal  oil. 

Sapo  Niger,  lilack  Soaj),  Ifelanosmeg'ma,  is  a 
composition  of  train  oil  and  an  alkali :  and  Green 
Soap,  Sapo  vir'idis,  of  honipseed,  linseed,  or  rape 
oil,  with  an  alkali.     See  Sapo  mollis. 

Sapo  Vkgrtabilis,  Pulvis  gummosus  alkali- 
nus — r.  Viridis,  Sapo  mollis  —  r.  Vulgaris,  see 
Sapo  mollis. 

SAPONA'CEOUS,  Sapona'cem,  (F.)  Soponace, 
from  sapo,  saponin,  'soap.'  Soapy.  Containing 
soap,  as  Liuimtiitum  sajionaceum.  Soap  liniment. 

SAPONAIRE,  Saponaria. 

SAPONA'RIA,  from  Sapo,  'soap,'  the  juice 
forming  a  lather  with  water.  Soap-wort,  Bruise- 
wort,  Ilonncing  Bet,  Stru'thinm,  Laiia'ria,  Lych- 
nis officinalis  seu  si/lves'tris,  Ibiic'uma,  Boot'ia  vul- 
fjn'ris,  (F.)  Saponaire,  Savonniere.  Ord.  Caryo- 
phyllaoca).  Se.v.  Si/st.  Decandria  Digynia.  A 
decoction  of  the  leaves  of  this  plant  has  been 
recommended  in  scrofula,  cancer,  old  syphilis, 
cutaneous  eruptions,  jaundice,  visceral  obstruc- 
tions, ifec.     It  is  hardly  ever  used. 

Sapoxaria,  Sapindus  saponaria. 

SAPONARIiE  NUCULE,  see  Sapindus  sapo- 
naria. 

SAPOXE.  Soap,  to  which  are  added  sub- 
stances capable  of  communicating  to  it  new  pro- 
perties, without  affecting  its  own. — Beral. 

SAPO'NEA.  A  pectoral  medicine,  prepared 
with  sweetened  syrup  of  violets,  and  oil  of  sweet 
almonds. 

SAPOX'ULES,  Sapon'uli,  (F.)  Savonules. 
Same  etymon.  Combinations  of  volatile  or  es- 
sential oils  with  different  bases. 

Acid  Saponules  are  combinations  of  such  oils 
with  different  acids. 

SAI'OXUL^.  A  tincture  {alcooU),  sufficiently 
diiirged  with  soap  to  cause  it  to  assume  a  gelati- 
nous shape. —  Beral. 

SAI'ONURE.  A  medicine,  formed  of  soap, 
in  powder,  and  of  resinous  or  extractive  matters. 

SAPOR,  Sapidity,  Savour. 

SA POROSITY.  Sapidity. 

S  A  POROUS,  Sapid. 

SAPO'TA,  .s'.  Akhras,  Achrns  Sapota  sen  aus- 
tra'lis  seu  Zapola,  El  niapero,  Ovaf-fruilcd  Sa- 
pota, [F.)  Sapulier,  Supolillier,  Sapotilla.     Fam. 


Sapotaccise.  Sex.  Syst.  Hexandria  Digynia.  A 
tree  which  grows  in  the  Antilles,  and  particularly 
at  St.  Domingo.  Its  fruit  is  much  esteemed.  It 
resembles  the  marmalade  of  quinces;  and  hence 
has  been  called  natur<d  mannalude.  The  seeds 
make  an  emulsion,  which  has  been  given  in 
nephritic  affections.  The  bark  has  been  recom- 
mended as  a  febrifuge. 

Sapota  Alchkas,  Sapota. 

SAPOTIER,  Sapota. 

SAPOTILLA,  Sapota. 

SAPOTILLIER,  Sapota. 

SAPROPYRA,  Typhus  gravior. 

SAPROS,  Putrid,' Rancid. 

SAPROS'TOMUS,  from  c7ar,^,of,  'foul,  of  a  bad 
odour,'  and  arofta,  'mouth.'  One  who  has  an 
offensive  breath. 

SAPROTES,  Putrefaction. 

SAR'APUS,  Sarapons.  One  who  has  a  large 
foot;  whose  toes  are  largely  separated,  or  whose 
feet  are  much  asunder  in  walking;  from  aatpia, 
'I  grin,'  and  ttovs,  'the  foot.'     See  Kyllosis. 

SARATO'GA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
Saratoga  springs  in  New  York  are  ten  miles 
north-east  from  Ballston.  They  contain  the 
same  ingredients  as  those  of  the  latter  place; 
and  are  much  frequented  by  visitors  from  every 
part  of  the  United  States.  The  following  analy- 
sis has  been  given  of  the  Congress  spring.  In  a 
wine  gallon — gaseous  contents;  carbonic  acid, 
311  cubic  inches;  atmospheric  air.  7.  Solid  con- 
tents: chloride  of  sodium,  gr.  .385;  iodide  of 
sodium,  gr.  3.5  ;  bicarbonate  of  soda,  gr.  8.982  ; 
bicarbonate  of  magnesia,  gr.  95.788  ;  carbonate  of 
lime,  gr.  98.098;  carbonate  of  iron,  gr.  5.075; 
silica,  gr.  1.5;  bromide  of  potassium,  a  trace. 
Total,  gr.  697.943.  — Steel. 

The  Walton  or  Iodine  spring  contains  chloride 
of  sodium,  carbonate  of  magnesia,  and  iodide  of 
sodium. 

SARCEPIPLOCELE,  Sareoepiplocelc. 

S  ARC EP IP L  OMPHALOCELE,  Sarcoepi- 
plomphalocele. 

SARCEPIPLOMPIIALUS,  Sarcoepiplompha- 
lus. 

SARCTDIUM,  Caruncle. 

SARCINA,  Foetus. 

Sak'cina  VENTRir't'1,1,  S.  Goodsir'ii,  L.  Sar- 
cina,  '  a  pack,  a  woolpack  ;'  Mcrismopoe'dia  ven- 
tricnli  (Robin).  A  microscopic  cryptogamous 
plant  found  in  the  fluid  of  waterbrash. 

SARCION.  Caruncle. 

SARCITES,  Anasarca  — s.  Flatuosus,  Em- 
physema. 

SARCITIS,  Myositis. 

SARCOCE'LE.  Hernia  carno'sa,  ScirrJius  Tes- 
tic'uli,  from  cap^,  capKOf,  'flesh,'  and  trj^rj,  'a 
tumour:'  Sarco'ma  scroti,  (F.)  Hemic  charniie. 
Scirrhus  or  cancer  of  the  testicle.  This  disease 
affects  adults  particuliirly ;  and  appears  most 
commonly  after  an  inflammatory  swelling  of  the 
testicle.  Sometimes  it  is  dependent  upon  a  blow; 
at  others,  it  makes  its  appearance  without  any 
appreciable  cause.  It  is  well  known  by  a  hard, 
heavy,  ovoid  or  spherical  swelling  of  the  testicle, 
which  is,  at  flrst,  slightly,  or  not  at  all  painful, 
and  merely  causes  an  unpleasant  traction  on  the 
spermatic  cord.  There  is  no  heat  or  change  of 
colour  of  the  skin  ;  the  spermatic  cord  is  swollen, 
and  participates  in  the  affection  ;  very  painful 
shootings  occur;  the  lymphatic  glands  of  the 
abdomen  become  swollen,  and  form  a  tumour, 
which  may,  at  times,  be  felt  through  the  abdo- 
men ;  and  the  patient,  at  length,  dies  with  every, 
sign  of  the  cancerous  diathesis.  The  prognosis 
is  very  unfavourable.  The  only  means,  indeed, 
that  can  save  life,  is  the  extirpation  of  the  tes- 
ticle. 

SARCOCOL'LA,  (F.)   Colte  chair,  from  (rupf,. 


SARCODES 


820 


SATELLITE 


'flcsli,'  and  icoXXa,  'glue.'  A  resinous  matter,  ob- 
tained from  Penas'n  Sarcocol'la,  P.  mncrona'tn, 
and  other  species  of  Penaa ;  an  African  shrub, 
which  has  been  so  called  from  a  belief  that  it 
facilitates  the  consolidation  of  flesh.  It  is  in  the 
form  of  small,  oblong,  semitransparent  globules, 
of  a  yellowish  or  reddish  hue,  and  smells  like 
iiniseed.  It  was  once  employed  as  an  astringent 
and  detergent. 

SARCODES,  Carneous. 

SARCOEPIPLOCE'LE,  Snrcepiploce'le,  from 
ffapf,  (T(ip/co;,  'flesh,' cn-iirAooi',  'the  epiploon,' and 
Kii\ti,  'a  tumour.'  Epiplocele,  complicated  with 
sarcoma  or  sarcocele. 

SARCOKPIPLOM'PIIALUS,  Sarcepiplom'- 
phnlits,  S(trcep>p!i>mpha/<)ce'le,  from  aap^,  aapKOf, 
•flesh,'  trurXooi/,  'the  e))iploon,'  and  oixtfta'Soi,  'the 
navel.'  Umbilical  hernia,  formed  by  scirrhous 
epiploon  or  complicated  with  sarcoma. 

SARCOIIYDROCELE,  Hydro-sarcocele. 

SARCOLEM'MA.  Sarcoh'mn,  from  (t<i/)|,  <rap<fOf, 
'flesh,'  and  Xtyma,  'a  coat.'  The  sheath  which 
surrounds  the  fibrils  of  muscle  that  form  a  fibre. 
It  is  quite  distinct  from  the  areolar  membrane 
that  binds  the  fibres  into  fasciculi.  —  Bowman. 
See  Pervmisium. 

SARCOLOGIA,  Myology,  Sarcology. 

SARCOL'OGY,  Sarcolof/"ta,  from  aap^,  aapKo;, 
'  flesh,'  and  Xoyo^,  '  a  discourse.'  The  part  of  ana- 
tomy which  treats  of  the  soft  parts.  It  comprises 
myology,  angiology,  neurology,  and  splanch- 
nology 

SARCO'MA,  Emphi/'ma  f\arcomn,  Sarcnm'n- 
toiin  tiiiiioitr,  Srirco'ni'i,  Porriin,  Sitrcophy' i(X,  Ecsnr- 
co'niK,  Ejcsnrco'ma,  Tumor  cnr'iieiis,  Exfrenceirlia 
cnrnn'sa,  Pol'ypim  cririio'siis,  from  crapl,  aapKOi, 
•flesh.'  Any  species  of  excrescence  having  a 
fleshy  consistence. 

Sarcoma,  CAitciNOMATOtTs,  Scirrhus — s.  Cer- 
cosis,  see  Cereosis  —  s.  Epulis.  Epulis  —  s.  Gela- 
tinous, see  Tumour,  fibro-cellular  —  s.  Mastoid, 
Mammary  sarcntna  —  s.  Mediillaro.  see  Eneepha- 
loid  —  s.  Medullarv,  Encephaloid,  Haematodes 
fungus — -s.  Pulpy,  HiBmatodes  fungus — s.  Scroti, 
Sarcocele. 

SapvComa,  Comroy  Vas'citlar  or  Organi'zed 
of  Abernethy,  Eniphy'ma  Sarcoma  Vnicido'siim, 
is  vascular  throughout:  te.vture  simple:  when 
bulky,  napped  on  the  surface  with  arborescent 
veins.    Fniind  over  the  body  and  limbs  generally. 

SARrO.MA  TEUX,  Sarcomatous. 

SARCOMATODES,  Sarcomatous. 

SARCOMATOSUS,  Sarcomatous. 

SARCOM'ATOUS,  Sarcomnto'sm,  Sarcomn- 
to'den,  {Y.)  Snrcomateux.  Belonging  to,  or  having 
the  characters  of  sarcoma. 

SARCOMPIIALUM,  Sarcomphalus. 

SARCOM'PIIALUS,  Snrcom'phnimn,  from 
cap^,  aapKos,  'flesh,'  and  op(!>aXos,  'the  navel.' 
A  scirrhous  or  fieshy  tumour,  developed  at  the 
navel. 

SARCOMYCES,  Sarcospongus. 

SARCOPHAGUS,  Carnivorous,  Catheretic. 

SARCOPFIYIA,  Excre-sence,  Sarcoma. 

SARCOPSYLLA  PENETRANS,  Chiqne. 

SAIinOPTE,  Acarus. 

SARCOPTES,  SCABIEI,  see  Psora. 

SARCOPYO'DES,  from  cap^,  <rap«of,  'flesh,' 
Tvov,  'pus,'  and  fi^oj,  'resemblance.'  Having 
the  appearance  of  pus  mixed  with  flesh.  An  epi- 
thet given  to  certain  excreted  matters,  and  par- 
ticularly to  the  sputa  of  those  labouring  under 
consumption. 

SARCO'SIS,  from  oap^,  aapKo^  'flesh.'  The 
formatiim  of  flesh.     Also,  sarcoma. 

Sarco'sis  Bui.bi,  Erophthal'mla  funr/o'nn  sen 
sfrcomcit'tca.  A  fleshy  growth  from  the  globe  of 
the  eye. 


Sarcosis  Uteri,  Metrauxe. 

SARCOSPONG'US,  S»rcomy'ce»,  from  aap^ 
aapKOi,  '  flesh,'  and  <r>royyoj,  '  fungus.'  A  flesiiy 
fungus 

SARCOSTOSIS,  Osteo-sarcoma. 

SARCOTIC,  Incarnans. 

SARCOUS,  from  <ropC>  aapKos,  'flesh.'  Of,  or 
belonging  to,  flesh  or  muscle — as  '  aarcoyig  tin- 
sue.' 

SarCOIiS  'Ei/f.TiJESTS,  Prhn'itive  por'ticlei.  TliO 
elementary  particles,  which,  by  their  union,  form 
the  mass  of  muscular  fibre.  —  Bowman. 

SARDIASIS,  Canine  laugh,  Risus  sardonicu'. 

SARDONIA  HERBA,  Ranunculus  sceleratiis. 

SARDONIASIS,  Canine  laugh,  llisus  sardu- 
nicus. 

SARDONIUS  RISUS,  Canine  laugh. 

SARE,  Essera. 

SARRACE'NIA,  Side-«orldU  plant,  Flytrop. 
The  root  of  Sarracenin  Jlaint  and  .S'.  vdrio/ii'riH 
is  bitter  and  astringent,  and  has  been  used  in 
South  Carolina,  as  a  domestic  remedy  in  dys- 
pepsia. 

SARRASIN,  Polygonum  fagopyrura. 

SARRETE,  Trismus  infantum. 

SARRIETTE,  Satureia  hortensis— «.  de  Crile, 
Satureia  capitata. 

SARSA,  Suiilnx  sarsaparilla. 

SARSAPARILLA.  (S.)  Zarza,  'a  briar,'  and 
pnriUn,  '  a  little  vine.'  Menispermum  Canadense, 
Smilax  S. 

Sarsapartlla,  False,  Aralia  nudicaulis. 

SarsapARII/la  GerMAn'ica,  Gramfn  mnjnr 
seu  riibrinii,  Sahnparil'la  Germanica,  Carex  Art- 
na'rln,  (F. )  Liiivhe,  L.  des  Sables,  SuhcpareilJe 
d' Allcmagne,  Chiendeiit  ro)ir/e.  Ord.  Cyperaccap. 
Sex.  Syt.  Monoecia  Triandria.  A  plant,  which 
grows  plentifully  on  the  sea-coasts  of  Europe.  It 
has  been  recommended  in  some  mucous  affections 
of  the  trachea,  in  rheumatism,  gout,  &c. 

Sarsapauit.la,  Indian,  Ilemidesmus  Indicus 
—  s.  AVild,  Aralia  nudicaulis. 

SARTAPARILLA,  Smilax  sarsaparilla. 

SARTO'RIUS,  from  sartor,  'a  tailor,'  liecnnso 
used  in  crossing  the  legs.  Suto'rius,  Lo)i;/ii'ii)- 
miis  Fern'oriH,  Fascia'lh,  F.  Lotu/iis  seu  Kiitn'riim, 
(F.)  Ilio-cresli-tibial,  llio-pretibiid  (Ch.),  Coutu- 
rier. A  muscle  situate  at  the  anterior  part  of 
the  thigh.  It  is  long,  small,  and  flattened,  and 
extends,  oliliquely.  from  the  anterior  and  superior 
spine  of  the  ilium  to  the  superior  and  inner  part 
of  the  tibia.  This  muscle  can,  also,  bend  the  pel- 
vis on  the  thigh,  and  conversely. 

SARX.  Flesh,  Pulp. 

SARZA,  Smilax  sarsaparilla. 

SASSA  GUM.  A  gum,  occasionally  carried 
into  the  European  markets  from  the  East,  and 
answering  exactly  to  Bruce's  description  of  the 
product  of  a  tree,  which  he  calls  SuHsa.  It  has 
considerable  resemblance  to  Gum  Tragacantli. 

SASSAFRAS,  Laurus  sassafras,  Nectan.ha 
cymbarum — s.  Medulla,  see  Laurus  sassafras — s. 
Nut,  see  Pichurim  beans  —  s.  Radicis  cortex,  sco 
Laurus  sassafras. 

Sassafras,  Swamp,  Magnolia  glauca. 

Sassafras  Tra,  Saloop. 

SASSY  BARK,  A  poisonous  bark  of  a  large 
tree — Genus,  Erythrophleum,  E.  Jndicin'le  ;  Nut. 
Ord.  Fabacepe;  lied  water  tree  of  Sierra  Lcoiif — 
growing  in  Western  and  Central  Africa,  used  in 
an  ordeal  to  which  persons,  suspected  of  witch- 
craft, secret  mur<ler,  and  other  crimes,  are  sub- 
jected, to  test  their  innocence  or  guilt.  Hence  it 
is  called,  in  Congo,  ordeal  bark,  and  in  Ashantee 
and  Liberia,  doom  barl: 

SAT'ELLITE,  Satellcs,  genitive  Sotellitls. 
That  which   guards.     That  which  is  placed  near. 

Satrllitb  Veins  arc  those  that  accompany 
arteries. 


S  A  T  II E 


821 


SAXONICUS   PULVIS 


SATRE,  Penis. 

BATIKS,  Sntioty. 

SATIHTAS,  Plisinone,  Satiety. 

SATI'KTY,  Stdl'i-ini,,  Sittu'riutu,  Su'tiea,  Sn- 
turn'th),  I'lithoH,  Plemiioiie,  from  natinre  (itself 
from  Htilia,  'enough'),  'to  give  enough.'  Disgust 
for  food;  commonly  produced  by  repletion. 

SATIN,  Lunnria  rediviva. 

SATURANS,  Abiiorbent  (medicine.) 

SATURATIO,  Satiety,  Saturation. 

SATURA'TION,  Satiira'tio,  from  aaturare, 
Hritiiratiinif  {satin,  'enough'),  'to  satiate.'  The 
.itate  of  a  compound  in  which  its  elements  are 
combined  in  such  proportions  that  a  fresh  quan- 
tity of  either  cannot  be  added  without  producing 

'SATUREI'A  CAPITA'TA,  from  YaTvpoi,  'the 
Siityrs;'  owing  to  its  presumed  i)ower  of  exciting 
to  venery.  Cil'ialed  Sn'vory,  T/ii/diuk,  T.  Ki/hee'- 
lrin  .<-cu  cnpitn'ttts  scu  Cret'icnH,  Ciini'la,  (F.)  tS'<(r- 
i-ielle  de  Crete.  Orel.  Labiatae.  Sex.  Synt.  Didy- 
namia  Gymnospermia.  Possesses  similar  pro- 
perties to  thyme. 

S.vtukki'a  IIohten'sis,  Safureia,  S.  sati'va, 
Ciiiii'lii  untiva  Flin'ii,  Tlnjiiibra,  Summer  Sn'- 
vnrij,  (F.)  Siirriette.  An  aromatic  plant,  culti- 
vated for  culinary  purposes.  It  has  been  used, 
as  an  excitant,  in  anorexia,  anaphrodisia,  <fec. 

Satuiiria  Ohiganoides,  Cunila  mariana  —  s. 
Saliva,  S.  horfensis. 

SATURITAS.  Satiety. 

SATURN!  DULCEDO,  Plumbi  superacetas. 

SAT'lIRNINE,  Sdtiiriii'iins,  from  satuniita, 
'lead.'     Containing,  or  caused  by,  lead. 

Sat' URN  INK  BiiEATH.  The  peculiar  odour  of 
the  breath  in  one  labouring  under  Saturnismus. 

SATURNISM'US,  Intoxic'lin  seu  Cachexia 
seu  DijHcrasin  ndturiii'tux,  Afo] ybdocixchex' i<i ,  from 
untiiniiin,  'lead.'  Poisoning  by  leadj  lead-poi- 
soning: saturnine  cachexy. 

SATURNUS.  Plumbum. 

SATYRI'ASIS,  from  larvpoi,  'a  Satyr;'  be- 
cause the  Satyrs  were  greatly  addicted  to  venery. 
iS'.  fiircim,  Scity rifts' iinii,  Sotiiris'iniis,  Priapis'- 
tiiiin,  Sid(ic"it(in,  Brnchii'na,  Arns'con,  Lagiie'sii 
Siilac'itdii,  L.  furor  masctdi' nvH,  Lagne'n,  Lng- 
iii'ii,  LngiKi'sig,  Lnsciv'in,  Lasciv'itas,  Teiiti'go 
vere'tri.  An  irresistible  desire,  in  man,  to  have 
frequent  connexion  with  females,  accompanied 
by  the  power  of  doing  so  without  exhaustion. 
The  causes  are  commonly  obscure.  Sometimes, 
the  abuse  of  aphrodisiacs  has  occasioned  it.  The 
principal  symptoms  are:  —  almost  constant  erec- 
tion ;  irresistible  and  almost  insatiiible  desire  for 
venery:  frequent  nocturnal  pollutions.  Cold 
lotions;  the  cold  bath:  a  mild  diet;  active  exer- 
cise. Ac,  are  the  only  means  that  can  be  adopted 
for  its  removal. 

Satyiuasis  Fi'rems,  Satyriasis. 

SATYRIAS.MUS,  Satyriasis. 

SATYRION,  Orchis  maseula. 

S A TY  U I S M  US,  Sa tyriasis. 

SATYRIUM,  Goodyera  pubescens. 

SAUARJA.  Saoria. 

SAUCE-ALONE,  Alliaria. 

SAUCK,  GREEN,  Rumex  scutatus. 

SAUCII.  Salix. 

S  A  U  E  R  K  R  A  U  T,  (G.),  '  sour  cabbage,'  (F.) 
CliDH-criidte.  A  culinary  prejiaration,  made  with 
chopped  cabbage,  left  to  attain  an  incipient  state 
of  acetous  fermentation.  It  is  reputed  by  the 
Germans  to  be  salubrious,  easy  of  digestion,  and 
eminently  antiscorbutic. 

SAUGE,  Salvia  —  «.  des  Boia,  Teucrium  scor- 
(^ium  —  «.  Grande,  Salvia  sclarea  —  a,  Hormin, 
Salvia   horminum  —  a.  de  .Tfnianlem,  Pulmonaria 

g.  Petite,  Salvia  —  a.  Sclarde,  Salvia  sclarea. 

SAUGH,  Salix. 
SAULE,  Salix. 


SA  UMURE.  Muria. 

SAUNDERS,  RED,  Ptcrocarpus  santalinus  — 
s.  Tree,  Ptcrocarpus  santalinus  —  s.  Y'cUow,  San- 
taluin  album. 

SAURA,  Lizard. 

SAURU'RUS  CER'NUUS,  from  cavpo^,  'a 
lizard,' and  oupu,  'a  tail.'  Lizard's  Tail,  Breast 
iceed.  Indigenous;  Ort/ec,  Saururaceaj ;  flower- 
ing in  June.  It  has  been  used  in  lumbago.  The 
bruised  root  is  emollient,  and  is  a  popular  ap- 
plication to  inflamed  breasts. 

SAUSAGE  POISON,  Allantotoxicum. 

SAUT,  Leap. 

SAUTEUSES,  see  Convulaionnaire. 

SAUVE-VIE,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria. 

SAVE,  Sage. 

.S"^  VEUli,  Savour. 

SAVINE,  Juniperus  sabina. 

SA  VINIER,  Juniperus  sabina. 

SAVON.  Sapo — 8.  Aminoniacal,  Linimentum 
nmmoniae  fortius  —  a.  Cacao,  Sapo  coconeus  —  a. 
Calcaire,  Linimentum  aqua  caleis — s.  Dnr,  Sapo 
durus  —  *.  Medicinrd,  Sapo  medicinalis  —  6-.3Juu, 
Sapo  mollis  —  s.  JVoir,  Sapo  mollis. 

SAVONNIER  CO  MM  UN,  Sapindus  sapo- 
naria. 

SA  VONNTERE,  Saponaria. 

SAVONULE,  Snponulus. 

SA  VONULUS,  Saponuhis. 

SAVORY,  CILIATED,  Satureia  capitata— s. 
Summer,  Satureia  hortensis. 

SA'VOUR,  Sapor,  Taste,  (F.)  Savew.  Quality 
of  bodies,  by  which  they  act  upon  the  sense  of 
taste.  Chymists,  at  times,  avail  themselves  of 
this  quality  to  analyse  an  unknown  substance. 

SA  VOUREUX,  Savoury. 

SA'VOURY,  Sap'idus,  (F.)  Savoureux.  An 
epithet  given  to  bodies  that  have  taste;  and 
particularly  to  those  that  excite  a  very  agreeable 
impression  on  the  organ  of  taste. 

SAVOYAN,  Galium  verum. 

SAW,  Prion,  Serra,{T)n.)  Sawe,  (Sax.)  rajE, 
(F.)  Scie.  A  surgical  instrument,  made  like  a 
common  saw  ;  and  used  for  sawing  the  bones  in 
amputations,  or  for  removing  exostoses,  kc.  Saws 
of  different  sizes  and  shapes  are  used  in  surgery. 
The  crown  of  the  trepan  is  nothing  more  than  a 
species  of  circular  saw. 

Saw,  Amputa'tion,  Serra  amputato'ria.  The 
saw  used  in  amputation. 

Saw,  Hey's.  An  instrument  used  by  Mr.  Hey, 
of  Leeds,  in  fractures  of  the  cranium.  It  consists 
of  a  long  handle,  to  which  a  small  saw  with  a 
convex  or  straight  edge  is  attached,  and  by  which 
a  piece  of  bone  of  any  shape  may  be  removed. 
With  the  trephine,  the  saw  must  always  be  cir- 
cular. 

SAW  PALMETTO,  Cham^rops  serratula  — s. 
AVort,  Liatris. 

SAXIF'RAGA,  from  saxum,  'a  stone,'  and 
fraiKjo,  'I  break.'  Pimpinella  sasifraga — s.  An- 
glica,  Peucedannm  silaus. 

Saxif'haga  Crassifo'lia.  Ord.  Saxifragacere. 
Sex.  Si/st.  Decandria  Digynia.  The  root  of  this 
species  of  saxifrage  has  been  extolled  by  Pallas, 
as  pre-eminently  antiseptic. 

Saxifhaga  Graxula'ta,  S.  alba,  Santc'ula, 
Sednm,  White  snx'ifrnge,  (F.)  Saxifrage  granulte. 
Recommended  as  diurectic  and  lithontriptic  ;  but 
not  used. 

Saxifraga  RrBRA,  Spiraea  filipendula  —  s. 
Vulgaris,  Peucedannm  silaus. 

SAXIFRAGE.  BURNET,  Pimpinella  saxifraga 
—  g.  Grauulee,  Saxifraga  granulata  —  s.  Meadow, 
Peucedanum  silaus  —  s.  White,  Saxifraga  gra- 
nulata. 

SAXIFRAGITS,  Lithontriptic. 

SAXON'ICUS  PULVIS.  A  powder,  prepared 
with  the  roots  of  the  wild  and  cultivated  ange- 


SCAB 


822     SCAMNUM   HIPPOCR ATICUM 


lica ;    the    asclepiiis  vincetoxicuin,  &c.      It  was 
considered  formerly  as  an  antidote. 

SCAB,  Sca'bies,  from  scabcre,  'to  dig.'  Scall, 
(Prov.)  Jiove.  An  incrustation,  which  forms 
upon  a  sore,  owin<;  to  tVie  concretion  of  the  fluid 
discharged  from  it.     An  eschar. 

SCABBY  or  SCABBED.  Covered  or  diseased 
with  scabs. 

SCABIES,  Psora  — s.  Agria,  Lichen  —  s.  Ca- 
pitis, P(]rrigo  lnpinosa,  Porrigo  scutulata  —  s. 
Capitis  favosa,  Porrigo  favosa — s.  Crustosa,  Rad- 
zyge — s.  Fera,  Ecthyma. 

Sc.v'biks  Feki'na,  Ilch  of  animals,  Mange,  (pro- 
nounced MaijHfjc.)  A  cutaneous  disease,  which 
affects  almost  all  domestic  animals,  hut  especially 
the  horse,  sheep,  dog,  and  cow.  It  is  said  to 
have  been  transmitted  to  man;  but  this  is  ques- 
tionable. 

Scabies  Ferisa,  Psoriasis  —  s.  Norwegica 
Boeckii,  Radzyge  —  s.  Papuliformis,  Prurigo  —  s. 
Sicca,  Lichen,  Psoriasis  —  s.  Venerea  contagiosa, 
Scherlievo. 

SCATUEUSE  ORDINAIRE,  Scabiosa. 

SCABIOLA,  Scabies. 

SCABIO'SA,  S.  nrveii'sis,  Tri'chera  arven'ais, 
Field  Sca'hious,  (Sc.)  Eastniiig  wort,  (F.)  Scn- 
biense  ovdinnire,  Ord.  Dipsaceae.  Sex.  Synt. 
Tetrandria  Monogynia.  From  scaber,  'rough,' 
owing  to  its  rough  hairy  surface.'  The  plant  is 
hitter  and  sub-astringent,  and  was  formerly  used 
in  the  cure  of  leprous  affections  and  diseased 
lungs. 

Scabiosa  Arvensis,  Scabiosa  —  s.  Carduifolia, 
Echinops. 

Scabiosa  Sncci'sA,  Snccinn,  S.praten'niH,  Anfe- 
roccp!i'(diis  siif'cisa,  3Iornus  Diab'oli,  Devil's  bit, 
(F.)  Morn  dn  Diable,  has  similar  properties. 

SCABIOUS,  Erigeron  Philadelphicum  —  s. 
Field,  Scabiosa  —  s.  Sweet,  Erigeron  heterophyl- 
lum. 

SCABISH.  CEnothera  biennis. 

SCABBITIES,  Lichen,  Trachoma. 

SCALA.,  'a  ladder.'  A  machine  formerly  used 
for  reducing  dislocations  of  the  humerus. 

ScAL^  OF  THE  Coch'i.ea,  Gyri  scu  Diicliis  spi- 
ra'les  seu  Cana'les  cochlea,  (  F.  )  lianqies  ou 
Echelles  da  LimaQ'Di — are  the  cavities  in  the 
cochlea,  separated  from  each  other  by  the  spiral 
septum.  The  one — Sc(da  inlev'na  seu  2><>''fe'rior 
seu  inferior  coch'lecp,  S.  tym'pani — would  com- 
municate with  the  cavitas  tyrapani  by  the  fenes- 
tra rotunda,  were  it  not  for  the  membrane  that 
closes  it.  The  other  —  Scala  exter'nn  seu  ante'- 
rior  seu  superior  coch'leo',  S.  vestib'uli — 0])ens 
into  the  cavity  of  the  vestibule.  The  scalae  com- 
municate vpith  each  other  by  an  opening  at  the 
top  of  the  partition. 

Scala  Anterior  Cochlea,  see  Scala — s. 
Clausa,  see  Scala — s.  Externa  cochleno,  see  Scala 
— s.  Inferior  cochleae,  see  Scala — s.  Interior  coch- 
lea?, see  Seala  —  s.  Posterior  cochlear,  see  Scala 

—  s.  Superior  cochleae,  see  Scala —  s.  Tyrapani, 
see  Cochlea,  and  Scala — s.  Vestibuli,  see  Coch- 
lea, and  Scala. 

SCALD  RICKS,  Sinapis  arvensis. 

SCALE,  Sax.  icale,  from  rcylan,  'to  divide, 
.•separate;'  (G.)  Schale,  'shell,  peel;'  schalen, 
•to  shell,  to  peel.'  Squama,  Lepis,  (F.)  Escaille, 
Ecaille.  An  opake  and  thickened  lamina  of 
cuticle,  commonly  produced  by  some  degree  of 
inflammation  of  the  true  skin,  over  which  it  is 
formed. 

Scale,  Dry,  Psoriasis. 

SCALENE  ANTERfEVR,  Scalenus  anticus 

—  0.  Posterietir,  Scalenus  posticus. 
SCALE'NIIS,  anaXrivo;,  'irregular  or  unequal.' 

Geometers  employ  this  word  to  designate  a  tri- 
angle whose  three  sides  are  unequal.    Anatomists 


have  given  the  name  to  two  muscles.  I.  ScALKxr.<? 
Anti'cus,  Portion  of  the  CoHto-trachelian  (Ch.), 
(F.)  Scalene  antirienr.  is  situate  at  the  internal 
and  inferior  parts  of  the  neck.  It  is  long  iind 
triangular;  and  is  inserted,  below,  al  the  upper 
surface  of  the  first  rib;  and,  above,  at  the  ante- 
rior tubercle  of  the  transverse  processes  of  the 
3d,  4th,  5th,  and  (ith  cervical  vertebrw.  This 
muscle  bends  the  neck,  and  draws  it  to  its  side. 
It  can  also  raise  the  first  rib.  2.  Scalenus  Pos- 
Tl'cus,  (F.)  Scalene  poslfrienr,  Portion  of  the 
Conto-traehelian  (Ch.),  is  situate  behind  the  Inst, 
It  is,  also,  long  and  triangular;  but  more  bulky 
than  the  S.  anticus.  It  is  attached,  below,  to  tho 
outer  surface  of  the  first  two  ribs  ;  and  tcrininjitcs, 
above,  at  the  summit  of  the  transverse  processes 
of  the  last  six  vertebra)  of  the  neck.  This  mus- 
cle bends  the  neck  laterally,  and  can  elevate  the 
first  two  ribs.  Some  anatomists,  as  Albinus  and 
Sommering,  have  described  five  scnleni  niusclts 
on  each  side,  and  have  called  them  Sealcm  s 
prior,  S.  min'imna,  S.  latera'tis,  S.  nie'dins,  S. 
posti'cHs.  Riolan  and  Chausjier  only  describe 
one  scalenus  muscle  on  each  side.  Cowper  and 
Douglas,  and  the  generality  of  the  English  ana- 
tomists, admit  three,  S.  anti'cus.  nie'dins.  nnd 
posti'cns ;  or,  primus,  secun'dus,  and  ter'tins ; 
Winslow,  Boyer,  and  many  of  the  French  anato- 
mists,— two,  as  above  described. 

SCALING  —  same  etymon  as  Scale — in  dentis- 
try, is  an  operation,  which  consists  in  removing 
the  tartar  from  the  teeth. 

SCALL,  (  (Sc.)  Skaio,)  Impetigo.  Scab— s.  As- 
bestos, see  Eczema  of  the  hairy  scalp — s.  Crusted, 
Impetigo — s.  Dry,  Psoriasis — s.  Honeycomb,  Por- 
rigo favosa  —  s.  Humid,  Eczema — s.  Milky,  Por- 
rigo larvalis — s.  Papulous,  Ecthyma — s.  Running, 
Eczema,  Impetigo  —  s.  Vesicular,  Eczema  capitis 
—  s.  Washerwoman's,  Psoriasis  diffusa. 

SCALLARD,  Porrigo. 

SCALLED  HEAD.  Porrigo,  P.  scutulata. 

SCALP,  Tent.  Schelpe,  'ashell.'  (Old  Eng.) 
Scop.  The  integuments  covering  the  head.  The 
hairy  scalp  is  called,  also,  Ca])illit"ium,  Tricho'- 
ton,  Ccesn'ries,  (P.)  Chevelure,  Cuir  cherelu. 

SCALPEL,  Scalpcl'bnn,  Sealpel'lus,  Culler, 
Inciso'rium,  Smi'leon  ;  from  scalpo,  '  I  cut.'  A 
cutting  instrument,  formed  of  a  blade  of  well- 
tempered  steel,  very  sharp,  of  variable  shape  and 
size,  and  fixed  solidly  in  a  handle.  Its  ice  is  to 
divide  the  soft  parts  in  operations,  dissection,  Ac. 

SCALPELLUM,  Scalpel— s.  Lenticulare,  Pba- 
copis. 

SCALPELLUS,  Bistonri,  Scalpel. 

SCALPEUM,  Bistonri. 

SCALPRUM,  Raspatorium  —  s.  Chirurgicum, 
Lancet. 

ScALPRUM  Denta'rH'M,  Limn  dentn'ria.  A 
tooth-file.  A  dental  file  or  file  used  by  the 
dentist. 

Scalpritm  Rasorium,  Raspatorium. 

SCALY.  Squamous. 

Scaly  Diseases  or  Squamj«,  Lepido'ses,  form 
the  second  order  in  Willan  and  Bateman's  system 
of  cutaneous  diseases. 

SCAMMA,  Fossa. 

SCAM3I0NEE  D'ALEP,  Convolvulus  scam- 
monia. 

SCAMMONIUM,  see  Convolvulus  scammonia 
—  s.  Syriacura,  Convolvulus  scammonia. 

SCAMMO\Y,  Convolvulus  scammonia. 

ScAMMONY,  Bourbon.     The  concrete  juice  of 

Periploca  Manritinnn. 

ScAMMONY,  Germany.  The  concrete  juice  of 
Convolvulus  sepium. 

ScAMMONYOF  MoNTPELLiER,  Cynanchum  Mon- 
spelincum. 

SCAMNUM  HIPPOCRAT'ICUxM,  {scavimm, 


SCAXDIX 


823 


SCAPULAR 


'n  bench.')  Tinthron  IUppocrnli'on  of  Galen, 
(F.)  H'tiic  d'l/iiipociate.  A  iiiaehine  invented 
by  Hii)p<)crates  for  reducing  fracttiires.  It  was  a 
sort  of  l>eil,  six  feet  l()ng,  on  which  the  patient 
was  fixcil.  Straps  were  attachcil  al)ove  and  be- 
low the  fracture  or  luxation,  and  extension  and 
counter-extension  were  effected  by  a  winch.  It 
is  described  in  Galen,  Oribasius,  Scultetus,  Ac. 
See  Biithron. 

8CANDIX.  S.  ccrefolium. 

ScA.NDix  BiiLBOCA.sTANii.M,  Buniutn  bulbocas- 
tanuin. 

ScANDlX  Cerbpo'lhivt,  Smncllx,  Scnndi/.t, 
Pec.teti  Veii'eris,  Cerefnlinm,  Daitcus  Scprhi'iiis, 
Chmi'ophjll'lum,  Ch.  Sat't'w.m,  seu  Cerefu'liuni, 
Anthrln'ciiK  eere/dliiun,  Oh(Trefn'lhtm,  Chenul, 
(F.)  Cerfnnil.  Oi-d.  Uuibelliferae.  Sex.  SijKt. 
Peutandria  Digynia.  A  culinary  herb,  which  is 
slightly  aromatic  and  grateful.  It  is  said  to  be 
gently  aperient  and  diuretic. 

ScAVDi.X  Odoha'ta,  Sweet  Cic"ehj.  Properties 
the  same  as  the  other.  Also,  Chaerophyllum 
odo^itum. 

SCANDULARIUS  MUSCULUS,  Parathenar, 
Triinsversus  pedis. 

SCANDYX,  Scandix  cerefoliura. 

SCAPHA,  ScupJiHs,  '  a  skiff  or  cock-boat,'  from 
ffKaiTTii),  '1  make  hollow.'  The  excavation  or 
cavity  of  the  external  ear,  between  the  helix  and 
nnthelix.  The  meatus  auditorius  externus.  The 
riiua  vuiviB.  Also  the  name  of  a  bandage  for  the 
lioiid,  inctitioned  by  Galen,  and  called,  likewise, 

Thnliin  Diode' US. 

iJCAPIIIA.  Nates. 

RCAPTirON,  Cranium,  Papaver  (Capsule). 

SCA'PIIIUM  OCULA'llE,  Pelvis  OcuWris, 
Ei/<!-(/l<ifis,  (F.)  Bussin  ou  Gondule  oculaire, 
(Eillilii-e.  A  small  porcelain,  glass  or  metallic 
vessel,  used  for  applying  lotions  to  the  eve. 

SCAI'lIO-CARPO- SUPER- PHALANGEUS 
POLLICIS.  Al)ductor  pollicis  brevis. 

SCAPHOID,  Scaphoi' den,  from  oKiKprj,  'a  skiff,' 
and  nSoi,  'form.'    A  name  given  to  several  parts. 

ScAiMion)  Fossa,  Fossa  Scaphut'des,  (F.)  Eii- 
./oiicemeiit  Scapho'ide.  A  small  cavity  at  the 
upper  part  of  the  internal  ala  of  the  pterygoid 
process,  in  which  the  peristaphylinus  internus  is 
attached. 

ScAi'HOiD  Bone  of  the  Hand,  0-i  Scapko'ides 
Miiuus  sen  iinvieuln're  seu  c_i/inbi/or'iiie,  Boat-like 
banc,  (F.)  Scapho'ide  de  la  main.  The  first  bone 
of  the  first  row  of  the  carpus.  The  upper  sur- 
iiice  is  convex,  and  articulated  with  the  radius. 
The  under  and  outer  surfaces  are  also  convex, — 
to  he  articuhited  with  the  trapezium  and  trape- 
zoides.  Between  the  upper  and  under  cai  tilagi- 
nous  surfaces  there  is  a  rongh  fo>'sn  for  the  inser- 
tion of  the  capsular  ligament.  The  anterior  and 
inner  surface  has  an  oval  cavity,  where  it  is  arti- 
culated with  the  OS  magnum,  which  gives  name 
to  the  bone.  There  is  a  process  on  the  outer  end 
of  the  bone,  for  the  attachment  of  part  of  the  an- 
terior transverse  ligament  of  the  wrist. 

Scaphoid  Bone  of  the  Foot,  Os  Seaphoides 
Pedis  seu  navicida're  seu  cymhifor'me,  Boat-like 
hone,  (F.)  Scapho'ide  da  Pied.  This  bone  is 
situate  at  the  forepart  of  the  astragalus  and  inner 
part  of  the  foot.  The  posterior  surface  forms  a 
cavity,  somewhat  like  that  of  a  boat,  for  receiving 
the  head  of  the  astragalus.  There  is  a  promi- 
nence at  the  inner  side  of  the  bone,  for  the  inser- 
tion of  tendons,  muscles,  and  strong  ligaments. 
The  forepart  of  the  bone  is  convex,  and  divided 
into  three  articular  surfaces  for  articulation  with 
the  ossa  cuneiformia.  Between  the  os  naviculare 
and  astragalus,  the  foot  has  its  principal  lateral 
and  rotary  motions;  although  each  of  the  other 
ioints  of  the  tarsus  contributes  a  little.  Part  of 
the  tibialis  posticus  is  inserted  into  it. 


SCAPHO'IDE  DE  LA  MATX,  Os  seaphoides 
manfls  —  s.  dn  Pied,  Os  seaphoides  pedis. 

SCAPHOIDO  -  ASTRAG  '  ALAN,  Scaphoido- 
aslrayala'niis.  That  which  relates  to  the  sca- 
phoid bone  and  astragalus.  The  articulation  of 
these  bones  is  so  called  ;  and  the  ligament  which 
strengthens  it  is  termed  the  Scajjho'ido-astragalan 
liyaiiient. 

SCAPIIOIDO-CUBOID,  Scapho'tdo-cnhoida- 
us.  That  which  relates  to  the  scaphoid  and  cu- 
boid bones.  The  articulation  of  those  bones  is 
so  called. 

SCAPHULA,  Navicularis  fossa. 

SCAPHUS,  Auditory  canal,  external,  Rima 
vnlvie,  Scapha. 

SCAP'ULA,  Scap'vhim,  Plata,  Omopla'ta,  Ho- 
moplata,  Scop'tida,  Epino'tion,  L<ititu'do  hii'nieri, 
Oniop'late,  Os  latum  hn'meri,  Scutum  tliora'cis 
seu  cordis,  Spath'ula,  Pteri/f/'iu7n,  Chelo'nium, 
S/jitt'ula ;  Blade-bone,  Shoulder-blade,  (Prov.) 
Shield-bone,  Plate-bone,  Spade-bone,  (F.)  Omo- 
plafe.  An  irregular,  broad,  flat  bone,  of  a  tri- 
angular shape,  situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  the 
shoulder.  It  has,  1.  A  jjosterior  or  dorsal  sur- 
face or  Dorsum,  Tesiu'do  scapu'lcB,  divided  trans- 
versely into  two  parts,  by  a  triangular  process, 
called  Spine  of  the  Scapula ;  which  terminates 
by  a  considerable  eminence,  called  Acromion. 
Above  the  spine,  is  the  Fossa  eiipra-spinata  ; 
below  it,  the  /'.  infra-sj)inata.  2.  An  anterior 
or  costal  surface  or  venter,  forming  the  Fosrk, 
subscajiularis.  .3.  A  superior  or  cervical  edge, 
which  is  thin,  and  terminates,  anteriorly,  by  a 
strong,  curved  apophysis,  called  the  coracoid 
2)rocess.  4.  A  posterior  or  vertebral  edge,  called, 
also,  the  base.  5.  An  outer  or  ajcillary  or  infe- 
rior edi/e,  having  a  thick,  truncated  angle,  in 
wiiich  is  the  glenoid  cavity.  AVith  this  is  articu- 
lated the  head  of  the  humerus.  The  glenoid 
cavity  is  separated  from  the  body  of  the  bone  by 
a  narrow  part  called  the  cervix  or  ueck.  The 
edges  or  margins  are,  also,  called  costa>.  Tlie 
scapula  has  three  angles  —  an  inferior,  superior, 
and  anterior. 

Scapula,  Humerus. 

Scapula  Nasi,  Partes  latera'les  nasi.  The 
lateral  parts  of  the  nose. 

SCAPULAL'GIA ;  from  scaptda,  'the  shoul- 
der-blade.' and  aXyos,  'pain.'  Arthralgia  of  the 
shoulder-joint. 

SCAP'ULAR,  Scap'ulary,  Scapula'ris,  (F.) 
Scapnlaire,  from  scapula,  '  the  shoulder-blade.' 
That  which  relates  or  belongs  to  the  scapula. 

Scapular  Aponeuro'sis.  A  broad,  thin  apo- 
neurosis, with  decussating  fibres ;  which  is  at- 
tached, above,  to  the  spine  of  the  scapula;  below, 
to  a  crest  between  the  teres  major  and  infra-spi- 
natus  :  within,  to  the  spinal  edge  of  the  scapula  ; 
and  which,  at  its  middle,  unites  with  the  thin 
aponeurosis  that  covers  a  part  of  the  external 
surface  of  the  deltoid. 

Scapular  Arteries.  These  are  several. 
a.  The  Superior  scaj^nlar.  Superficial  scapular 
of  Somraering,  Dorsa'lis  seapnlcB  superior,  Trans- 
versa'lis  scapulcB,  T.  Hu'meri.  This  arises  from 
the  subclavian  ;  and  often  from  the  inferior  thy- 
roid, or  from  a  trunk  common  to  it  and  the  pos- 
terior scapular  or  transverse  scapular  or  cervical. 
It  passes  behind  the  clavical.  above  the  superior 
edge  of  the  scapula,  and  buries  itself  between  the 
dorsal  surface  of  that  bone  and  the  muscles  in- 
serted into  it.  b.  The  inferior  scapular  or  com- 
mon scapular  or  internal  scapular  or  subscapular 
artery,  A.  Thorac"ica  axilla'ris  seU  ala'ris  is  of 
considerable  size.  It  arises  from  the  inferior  part 
of  the  axillary  artery,  behind  the  brachial  plexus 
— gives  off  several  branches  to  the  armpit,  an. I 
divides  into  two  branches: — the  one,  Scapula'rii 


SCArULARE 


824 


SCELOS 


interna,  and  tlie  smaller  of  the  two,  is  distribu- 
tcil,  almost  entirely,  to  the  serratus  tuajor  anti- 
cus,  and  latisfimus  dorsi ;  the  other,  the  larger 
of  the  two,  the  Dormi'liH  Scap'ula  iuferinr  ijeu 
CiivHtiijitx'a  Scajjuld'ris,  whieh  distributes  its 
branches  to  the  subscapular  and  supra-spinal, 
jiikI  infra-sjiinal  regions. 

ScAF'ULAU  Notch,  see  Notch,  scapular. 
ScAi'iJLAK  Veins  follow  the  same  course  as  the 
arteries,  which  they  accompany. 
SCAPIILARE,  Scapulary. 

SCAP'ULARY,  Scapuht're,  Fascia  Scapiila'- 
rin,  from  scapiila.  A  broad,  linen  bandage,  divi- 
ded into  two  tails  for  three  quarters  of  its  length, 
t!ie  undivided  extremity  of  whieh  is  attached  to 
the  posterior  and  middle  part  of  a  bandage  car- 
ried round  the  body;  the  tails  passing  over  the 
f lioulders ;  and  being  attached  to  the  anterior 
jiart  of  the  body  bandage,  to  prevent  it  from 
.■■lipping  down. 

SCAPULODYN'IA,  from  smpnla,  and  oiwv, 
'pain.'  A  hybrid  word,  signifying  pain  or  rheu- 
matism of  the  shoulder. 

SCAP'Ul.O-HU'MERAL.  An  epithet  given 
to  the  Kliiiuhler-jdiiit.  It  is  an  orbicular  articula- 
tion, resulting  from  the  reception  of  the  head  of 
the  humerus  into  the  glenoid  cavity  of  the  sca- 
jmla.  To  keep  the  bones  in  connexion,  there 
are:  1.  A  very  strong,  conoidal  capsular  liga- 
ment; passing  from  the  circumference  of  the  gle- 
noid cavity  around  the  neck  of  the  liumerus.  2. 
A  Jibro-cartilagiiioiia  riii;/,  called  the  glenoid  liga- 
ment, and  a  synovial  capsule. 

SCAPULO-HUMERAL,  Teres  major— s.  //»- 
V'fio-olecrniiien,  Triceps  extensor  cubiti  — ».  Ny- 
oiilicu,  Omohyoideus  —  e.  Radial,   Biceps   flexor 
cubiti  —  «.  Trochiteiien,  (/rand,  Infra-spinatus. 
SCAPUS,  Penis,  see  Hair. 
SCAR,  Cicatrix. 

ScAK,  Seam.  To  mark  with  a  cicatrix  or 
seam;  —  as  scarred,  (Sc.)  arred,  means  marked 
with  a  cicatrix  or  seam. 

SCARAB^OLUS'  IIEMISPH^RICUS,  Coc- 
cus cacti. 

SCAR'BOROUGH,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Sc'irhiiroiKfh  Spa.  A  celebrated  English  chaly- 
beate, at  Scarborough,  in  Yorkshire.  One  of  the 
springs  is  a  simple,  carbonated  chalybeate,  like 
that  of  Tunbridge  :  the  other  has  an  admixture 
<if  purging  salt.  Scarborough,  having  the  addi- 
tional advantage  of  sea-bathing,  is  much  fre- 
quented bv  invalids. 

SCARCHT,  Hermnphrodite. 

SCARDAMYtJ'MUS,  .S'e«(Y/«m?/z'»s,  (F.)  Clig- 

vciiieut,  from  oKiipiaiJvaaetv,  'to  wink.'     Winking. 

SCARFSKIN,  Epidermis. 

SCARIFICA'TION,     Scarificn'tio,     Am>/x'is, 

S'^haxis,     Catacas' 1111(8,    Cataclias'miis,   Atnyg'mus, 

Schasiiuis,     Eiicharax'is,     from     aKapapaoyiai,     'to 

make  a  slight   scratch.'     The  act  of   scarifying. 

Also,  a  small  incision,  Am'i/che,  made  into  the 

skin    with    a    lancet,    bistoury,    or    scarificator, 

fur    different     therapeutical     purposes,  —  as     to 

draw   blood,  or  to  discharge  some  effused   fluid. 

When  the  scarifications  are  very  superficial,  and 

do  not  go  farther  than  the  skin,  they  are  termed 

liv  the  French,  Jtfdnrhetnres. 

'  SCARIFICA'TOR,  Scarificafo'rium,  Schaste'- 
riiim.  Same  etymon.  An  instrument  for  making 
scarifications.  It  consists  of  a  small  brass  box, 
of  a  cubical  shape,  in  which  10  or  12  lancet 
points  turn  upon  a  common  pivot.  By  means  of 
a  spring,  all  these  blades  can  be  made  to  issue  at 
once,  and  make  as  many  scarifications. 
SCARIFICATORIUiVI,  Scarificator. 
SCARIOLA,  Cichorium  endivia,  Lactuca  sca- 
riola. 

SCARIOLE,  Cichorum  en-iivia. 


SCARLATA,  Scarlatina. 

SCARLATI'NA,  from   (I.)  scarlatic,  'a  deep 

red.'  Scarlala,  Eii<iiitlie'niH  Jlosa'liii,  Rnsu'lin, 
JioHSa'lin,  R.  sqiiaiiiu'sa,  RoHu'licF,  Ji'ulie'olcB,  of 
some,  Jforbil'li  iij'nei  seu  conjiiieu'tcs,  Murhnt 
scarlatino'siia,  Febris  acurlaliiio'sn  seu  rubra, 
Gul'tiiris  tiiorbiis  epideiii' Icim  Furent'l,  Piir'piira, 
Typlins  scarlati' inis,  /'orplij/rin'miiH,  I'orjijiyrin'- 
ma,  Scarlet  or  Raih-fcrcr,  (F.J  Fievre  ruiiyc,  F. 
poiirpree.  The  cliaracteristie  symptoms  of  scar- 
latina are:  —  a  scarlet  flush,  ajjpearing  about  the 
second  day  of  fever  on  the  face,  neck,  and  fauces; 
and  progressively  spreading  over  the  body  :  ter- 
minating about  the  7th  day.  Two  great  varieties 
may  be  reckoned  : — the  S.  siniplej-  seu  fibrin  seu 
beniij'tin  seu  sine  aiitji'iid,  in  which  the  fever  is 
moderate  and  terminates  with  the  cflloresceiiee; 
prostration  of  strength  being  trifling,  and  the 
contagious  property  slight; — and  the  S.  Amjiuo'sa 
seu  J'aristhiiilt'ica  seu  Vynuuch'ica  seu  niiCiitr, 
in  which  the  fever  is  severe  ;  the  throat  ulcerated; 
the  eruption  later  in  its  appearance,  and  less  ex- 
tensive; often  changing  to  a  livid  hue;  the  fever 
being  highly'  contagious.  Scarhiti'na  maliij'iia 
seu  yru'vior,  has  been  reckoned  a  variety  of  this, 
in  its  worst  degree.  It  agrees  with  the  Cynanche 
maligna  of  Cullen. 

Scarlatina  belongs  to  the  Major  exanthemata, 
and  is  a  disease,  chiefly,  of  children.  The  eruption 
diii'ers  from  that  of  measles,  in  being  an  efflores- 
cence not  raised  above  the  cuticle.  Measles,  too, 
is  attended  with  catarrhal  symptoms,  whilst  the 
complication,  in  scarlatina,  is  cynanche.  The 
treatment  of  simple  scarlatina  need  not  he  much. 
It  must  be  antii)hlogistic.  If  the  throiit  be  very 
much  ulcerated,  acid  gargles  and  counter-irri- 
tants must  be  employed  ;  and  if  the  afFection  be- 
come manifestly  typhoid,  and  the  sore  throat  of 
a  malignant  character,  tlie  case  umst  be  treated 
like  typhus  gravior;  with  antiseptic  gargles  of 
bark,  acid,  ifec.  Anasarca  sometimes  supervenes 
on  scarlatina,  and  requires  attention.  Purgatives 
are  here  demanded  as  well  as  the  use  of  sorbefa- 
cients,  such  as  mercury  and  squill,  Ac. 

Scarlatina  Anginosa,  see  Scarlatina — s.  Be- 
nigna,  see  Scarlatina  —  s.  Cynanchica,  see  Scar- 
latina— s.  Febris,  see  Scarlatina — s.  Gravior,  see 
Scarlatina  —  s.  Miliaris,  Rubeola  —  s.  Mitior,  see 
Scarlatina  —  s.  Paristhmitica,  see  Scarlatina  —  8. 
Pustulosa,  Rubeola  —  s.  Rheumatica,  Dengue  — 
s.  Sine  Angina,  see  Scarlatina — s.  Urticata,  Urti- 
caria. 

SCARLATI'NOUS,  Scarlali'nal,  Scarlatino'- 
siis.     Relating  or  appertaining  to  scarlatina. 

SCARLET  BERRY.  Solanum  dulcamara. 

SCARLET  FKVER,  Scarlatina. 

SCATACRASIA,  Scoracrasia. 

SCATACRATIA,  Scoracrasia. 

SCAW,  Sambueus. 

SCEAU  DE  SALOMON,  Convallaria  poly- 
gonatum. 

SCELAL'GIA,  from  (rxtAoj,  '  the  leg,'  and  uXyof, 
'pain.'     Pain  of  the  leg. 

ScELALGiA  Antica,  Neuralgia  femoro-prelibi- 
alis  —  s.  Postica,  Neuralgia  fenioro-poplitea  —  8. 
Puerperarum,  Phlegmatia  dolcns. 

SCELETEU'SIS.  Mummification.  Also.the 
mode  of  making  a  skeleton,  Skelelopoe'a,  Syn- 
tax'ia. 

SCELETOLOGTA,  Skeletology. 

SCELETON.  Skeleton. 

SCELETOPCEA,  Sceleteusis. 

SCELETUM,  Skeleton— s.  Artificiale,  sec  Ske- 
leton—  s.  Naturale,  see  Skeleton. 

SCELONCUS,  Phlegmatia  d(dens. 

SCELORRIIEU'MA,     RhcimatiH'mm     crurif, 
from    t!Ki\oi,    'the    leg,'    and    piviia,    'defluxion, 
rheumatism.'     Rheumatism  of  the  leg. 
SCELOS,  Leg. 


SCELOTYRBE 


825 


SCIIWENDECK 


SCELOTYRnE,  Chorea,  Porpliyra  nautica  — 
f.  Febrilis,  see  Subsultus  tendiiiuin — s.  Festinans, 
Pariily.''is  aKitans  —  s.  Taraiuisiuus,  Chorea. 
SCEPAKNOX.  Amnios,  Asiia. 
SCEPASTERI  UM,   Convrerhef. 
SC fc) P A  8T K  U M,  Co » vrech ef. 

SCEPTKUM,  Penis. 

SCIIA.SIS.  Sciirifieation. 

SCllAKMl'S,  Scarifii-ation. 

PCIIASTERION,  Floaiii,  Lancet,  Scarificator. 

SCIIK15A  ARABUM,  Artemisia  santonica. 

SCIIKDULA,  Prescription. 

RCIIERIJET',  Sherbet',  Serbet',  Txrheibef.  So,-- 
be'thiiiii,  iSmbcl'tiiiii,  iS'iirbe'liiiii.  A  drinlt  prepared 
I13'  the  Turl<!<,  Persians,  Ej^yptians,  &c.,  with 
sugar  and  the  juice  of  acid  fruits. 

SCIIKRLIEVO,  Sh-erljevo,  Male  di  Seherlievo, 
Millie  (li  lireiiii,  Mule  di  Fiiniie,  Ma/r  di  Scrtrlievo, 
Male  HvitbioHO  vciiereo,  Mai-ijiiietizzit,  MurbiiH 
Vi'oiitiis  seu  Jliiiniiiicii'iiiH,  l<'iiiiiibw'ni(i  Illyi'ica, 
Scabien  venerea  eoiitaglo'stt.  Venereal  Iteh,  A 
name  given  to  a  partieuhir  form  of  syphilis, 
observed  in  Illyria.  It  is  said  to  be  ca|»alile  of 
being  communicated  without  immediate  contact; 
and,  that  its  i>rincipal  symptoms  are:  —  pains  in 
the  bones,  ulceration  of  the  fauces,  pustules,  and 
fungous  growths  in  different  parts  of  the  body. 

Affections,  Icnown  by  this  name,  as  well  as  by 
those  of  ^/llll'  di  Jlremi,  Fd/i-itdi'ud,  lianla  and 
Freiiija,  prevail  in  the  frontier  countries  of  the 
Austrian  empire,  and  are  generally  regarded  as 
contagious,  of  syphilitic  origin,  and  as  having 
l)een  introduced  from  a  surrounding  country. 
The  terms  appear,  however,  in  the  course  of  time, 
to  have  been  applied  to  a  variety  of  ulcers,  erup- 
tions, and  other  morbid  conditions  in  no  way 
connected  with  syphilis,  so  that  they  lost  their 
peculiar  signification.  —  Siguiund. 

SCIIERO'MA.  A  dryness  of  the  eye  from  the 
want  of  lachrymal  secretion.  —  Dictionaries. 

sen  IAS.  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitea. 

SCIIIATrCUS.  Sciatic. 

SCIIIDAKIO'DON,  S,hid>tce'diim,    S:<hi)idare'- 
diiiii,    Srliiiid(d'(iiniis,    Sehiiidiit'iintx,    from    oki^w, 
.  '  I  cleave.'     A  longitudinal  fracture  of  a  bone. — 
Galen. 

SCHINDACEDUM,  Schidakedon. 

SCHINDALAMUS,  Schidakedon,  Schindy- 
lesis. 

SCHTNDALESIS,  Schindylesis. 

SCIIINDALMUS,  Schidakedon,  Schindylesis. 

SCIIINDYLE'SIS,  Srliindide'xis,  Schindal'a- 
niiiH,  SchiiiditU iinifi.  An  articulation  of  bones  — 
by  furrowing,  as  it  were  ;  as  in  that  of  the  vomer, 
■  which  constitutes,  in  part,  the  septum  narium. 
Also,  the  act  of  splitting  into  small  pieces:  from 
axivivXtia,  *I  split  into  small  pieces.' — Hippo- 
crates. 

SCIIINEL^'ON,  from  ox^vos,  'the  mastic 
tree,'  and  tAuinr,  '  oil ;'  Oleum  leiitis'cinitm.  Oil 
of  niiistic.  —  Dioscorides. 

sen INOCEPH ALUS,  Scillocephalus. 

SCIIINOS,  Scilla. 

SCHINZNACII  or  IIAPSBURG,  MINERAL 
Waters  of.  These  springs  are  situate  three 
leagues  from  Baden,  and  are  amongst  the  most 
celebrated  bathing-places  in  Switzerland.  The 
waters  are  of  the  saline  sulphurous  kind ;  and 
have  a  high  reputation  in  cutaneous  and  rheu- 
matic affections,  visceral  obstructions,  and  glan- 
dular enlargements.  They  contain  sulphate  of 
lime,  sulphate  of  soda,  chloride  of  sodium,  chlo- 
ride of  magnesium,  sulphate  of  magnesia,  sul- 
phate of  lime,  carbonate  of  magnesia,  and  o.xide 
of  iron;    sulphohydric  acid,  and  carbonic  acid 

SCHISM  A,  Fissure.  Rima. 
SCllISTOCEPIl'ALL'S,   from  c^iaToi,   'cleft, 


g" 


separated,' and  Kt<pa\ri,  'head.'  A  monster  having 
some  part  of  the  head  cleft  or  fissured.  —  Gurlt. 

SCHLSTOCOR'MUS,  from  axiaroi,  'cleft,  sepa- 
rated,' and  Koiijwi,  'trunk.'  A  nionster  having 
some  part  of  the  trunk  cleft  or  fissured.  —  Gurlt. 

SCIIISTOM'ELUS,  from  ax^aros,  'cleft,  sep.a- 
rated,'  and  ^tAoj,  'a  limb.'  A  monster  whose 
limbs  are  fissured. 

SClIISTORRHACniS,  ITydroraehis. 

SCUISTOSO'MUS,  from  (r^'oroj,  '  clett,'  and 
aiana,  'body.'  A  malformation  of  the  abdfimen, 
in  which  the  fissure  and  eventration  e.\t<iid  over 
the  entire  length  of  the  abdomen;  the  lower  ex- 
tremities being  absent,  or  very  little  developed, 
so  that  the  b(jdy  appears  as  if  truncated  infe- 
riorly. — Vogel. 

SCIIIZA,  Rima,  Rima  vnlvie. 

SCIIIZATRICH'IA,  J'ri,l,o>,'ehisi»,  S'-hizo- 
trirh'ia,  from  ff,\<^w,  'I  split,'  and  0pi(,  Tf>ixoi,  'a 
hair.'  The  splitting  of  the  hairs  at  their  extre- 
mities.—  J.  P.  Frank. 

SCHLANGENBAD,  MINERAL  AVATERS 
OF.  Sclilangenbad  is  a  much-frequented  water- 
ing-place in  Germany.  The  waters  contain  a 
little  carbonic  acid,  and  carbonate  of  soda.  Tem- 
perature 86°  Fahrenheit. 

SCHNAPPS.  SCHIEDAM,  see  Gin. 

SCHNEIDERIAN  MEMBRANE,  Pituitary 
membraiie. 

SCIUENANTHUS,  Juncus  odoratus. 

SCHOLA.  School. 

SCHOLLERA  OXYCOCCOS,  Vaecinium  oxy- 
coccos. 

SCHOOL.  Schola,  (F.)  Feole.  A  place  of  edu- 
cation. In  Europe  the  large  Medical  Schools  are 
usually  attached  to  the  universities.  In  England, 
however,  there  has  been  no  medical  school  of 
celebrity  at  either  of  the  universities  of  Oxford 
or  Cambridge;  owing  greatly  to  their  provincial 
situation.  Of  late,  two  schools  have  existed  in 
London,  attached  to  the  London  University  — 
University  College  and  King's  College.  Excel- 
lent private  schools  have,  however,  long  existed 
in  that  metropolis.  The  medical  schools  of  Eu- 
rope which  have  been  most  celebrated,  are  those 
of  Edinburgh,  Leyden,  Berlin,  Halle,  Tubingen, 
Paris,  Montpellier,  Bologna,  Padua,  Pa  via,  and 
Pisa.  Ill  the  United  States,  the  medical  schools 
are  numerous  ;  at  this  time  not  fewer,  perhaps, 
than  40.  Those  most  numerously  attended,  are 
Jefferson  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia,  the 
medical  department  of  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, and  the  University  of  Nashville. 

SCHOOLEY'S  MOUNTAIN,  MINERAL 
WATERS  OF.  The  waters  of  tliis  New  Jersey 
Spring  are  a  carbonated  chalybeate.  According 
to  Dr.  McNevin,  they  contain  extractive,  chloride 
of  sodium,  chloride  of  calcium,  chloride  of  mag- 
nesium, carbonate  of  lime,  sulphate  of  lime,  car- 
bonate of  magnesia,  silex,  and  carbonate,  and 
oxide  of  iron. 

SCHORBUTUS,  Purpura. 

SCHOUSB^A  COCCINEA,  Cacoucia  coeci- 
II  ea. 

SCIIWALBACH  or  LANGEN-SCHWAL- 
BACn,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Schwalbach 
is  a  town  of  (Jermany,  seated  on  the  Aa,  32  miles 
west  of  Frankfort.  The  waters  contain  chloride 
of  sodium,  carbonates  of  lime  and  magnesia,  iron, 
sulphate  of  lime,  carbonic  acid,  oxygen,  &c. 
Employed  as  a  tonic. 

SCHWANN,  WHITE  SUBSTANCE  OF,  see 
Substance,  white,  of  Schwann. 

SCHWENDECK,  MINERAL  AVATERS  OF. 
These  waters  are  about  5  leagues  from  Miiiiich, 
in  Bavaria.  They  contain  carbonic  acid  ;  carbo- 
nate and  sulphate  of  lime,  chloride  of  calcium; 
chloride  of  magnesium;  carbonate  of  soda,  and 


SCIATIC 


826 


SCIRRIIUS 


oxide  of  iron,  and  are  much  used  for  cutaneous 
affections. 

SCIAT'IC,  Sciat'icns,  Ischiat'i'c,  Isdhiat'icim, 
iSthint'icus,  (F.)  Scicitiqiie,  from  io-;^tov,  'the 
haunch.'  A  word  formed  by  contraction  from 
i«c/n'«(»'c,  which  latter  is  still  used.  See  Isehiatic. 
Sciatic  Nerve,  Gkeat,  Xemis  ischiad'icHu, 
Great  fem' oro-poplite' al  (Ch.),  (F.)  Giaiid  neif 
Bciatlque,  ought  to  be  esteerued  a  continuation  of 
the  sacral  plexus.  It  issues  from  the  pelvis  be- 
tween the  pyramidalis  and  superior  gemellus; 
descends  along  the  posterior  part  of  the  thigh  ; 
and  after  having  given  branches  to  the  gemini, 
quiidratus,  obturator  externus,  glutieus  niaximus, 
semi-membranosus,  semi-tendinosus,  biceps  and 
third  abductor  muscles,  it  divides,  about  the  in- 
ferior third  of  the  thigh,  into  two  branches  ;  the 
one,  named  the  ejcteinai po^jliteal ;  the  other,  the 
internal. 

Sciatic  Nerve,  Lesser,  Inferior  gln'feal 
branch  of  the  sacral  plexus.  Lender  fern' nro-popU- 
te'al  nerve  (Ch.),  (F.)  Nerf  pietxt  nciatiqne,  which 
seems  especially  formed  by  the  2d  and  ;id  sacral, 
is  given  off  from  the  lower  part  of  the  plexus,  and 
escapes  from  tlie  pelvis  beneath  the  pyramidalis 
muscle.  It  gives  branches  —  nervi  cnta'nei  clu'- 
iilnni  inferio'res  —  to  the  gluteus  maximus ;  a 
sciatic  branch  or  infra-j^elvic  cntaneans  or  peri- 
neal vutaneiins,  Pndenda'lis  lonr/nn  infe'rior,  which 
passes  under  the  tuberosity  of  the  ischium,  and 
furnishes  filaments  to  the  glutiXius  maximus,  and 
to  the  muscles  of  the  perinieum,  urethra,  penis, 
scrotum,  &c.;  and  a  posterior  femoral  entaneons 
branch  —  middle  posterior  cutaneous  nerve  —  the 
filaments  of  which  traverse  the  femoral  aponeu- 
rosis, to  be  distributed  on  the  skin  of  the  poste- 
rior part  of  the  thigh.  The  principal  branch  of 
the  lesser  sciatic  nerve  divides,  near  the  ham, 
into  two  or  three  filaments,  which  descend  under 
the  integuments  almost  as  far  as  the  inferior  part 
of  the  leg. 

Sciatic  Notch,  Great,  Sciatic  Fora'men,  Tn- 
cisu'ra  ischiad'ica  major,  (F.)  Grande  echancrnre 
Kciatiqne  ou  f/rand  trim  sciatit/ne,  is  a  large  notch 
at  the  posterior  edge  of  each  os  innominatum, 
below  the  posterior  and  inferior  iliac  spine,  which 
is  converted  into  a  foramen  by  the  sacrum  and 
sacro-sciatic  ligaments.  The  lesser  sciatic  notch. 
Jncisn'ra  ischiad'ica  minor,  Luna  Albi'ni,  (F.) 
Petite  echancrnre  ischiatique,  is  much  smaller 
than  the  last,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the 
sciatic  spine.  It  gives  passage  to  the  tendon  of 
the  obturator  internus,  and  to  the  internal  pudic 
vessels  and  nerves. 

Sciatic  Region,  Ischiadic  region. 
Sciatic  Spine,  Spine  of  the  Ischium,  Spinous 
Proc"ess  of  the  Ischium,  is  a  short,  flat,  pyramidal 
eminence  on  the  os  innominatum,  above  the  pre- 
ceding foramen ;  which  gives  insertion  to  the 
lesser  sacro-sciatic  ligament. 

SCIATICA,  Neuralgia  feinoro-poplitea. 
SCIATIQUE,  Neuralgia  femoro-poplitea.  Sci- 
atic. 

SCIE.  Saw. 

SCIENTIA  IIERMETICA,  Alchyray— s.  Me- 
dendi,  Medicina  —  s.  Mediea,  Medicina. 

SCIERO'PIA,  from  oKupos,  'shady,' and  u-vi-, 
'the  eye.'  A  defect  of  vision,  in  which  all  ob- 
jects have  a  darker  hue  than  natural. 

SCILLA,  (TKiWa,  from  <r;)(;(^a),  'I  cleave,  I 
Bplit'  [?].  Seilla  seu  Sqnilla  marit'ima,  Sci/lla, 
Aschil,  Schinos,  Oc'ulus  Tyj>ho'nis,  Ornithog'alum 
tnarit'imum  seu  squil'la.  Slella'ris  seu  Urijin'ea 
ecilla,  Cepa  mari' n<i  seilla,  Squilla,  Squill  or  sen 
onion,  Eije  of  Ti/phon,  (F.)  O'jnon  marin.  Ord. 
Liliuceae.  Sex.  Sijsf.  Ilexandria  Monogynia. 
Native  of  Spain,  Austria,  <tc.  The  bulb  or  root 
of  the  squill  has  a  bitter,  nauseous  taste,  and  is 
extremely    acrid;     inflaming     the     skia     when 


rubbed  on  it.  Its  acrimony,  on  which  its  virtues 
deijcnd,  is  destroyed  by  heat,  drying,  and  keep- 
ing. It  is  extracted  by  vinegar,  spirit,  and 
water.  In  large  doses,  squill  is  emetic  and  ]iur- 
gative  ;  in  small  doses,  diuretic  and  expeclnrnnt. 
Its  active  principle  has  been  called  sritlitiur. 
Dose,  gr.  ,i  to  v  of  the  dried  root,  united  or  ni)t 
with  mercury. 

SciLLA  Esculen'tA,  Phalan'ijium  esrulen'tnm, 
Eastern  Quaniash,  Wild  I/i/'acinlh  ;  indigenous; 
flowering  in  May.  An  article  of  diet  aMi(ii\i;st 
the  Western  Indians.  It  is  made  into  bread  and 
poultices  for  inflamed  breasts. 

SCILLFI'IC,  Scillit'irus,  (F.)  Scillitiquc,  f,„m 
seilla,  's(|uill.'     Containing  squill. 

SCILLOCEPll'ALUS,  Schinoceph'alus.  fi„m 
oKiXXa,  'the  squill,'  and  Ke<pa\ri,  '  head.'  One  wlio 
has  a  large  bulbiform  head. 

SCINCUS,  oKtyKOi  or  oKiyyoi.  A  species  of 
Saurus  or  Lacer'ta,  common  in  Egypt,  and  much 
extolled  by  the  ancients  as  alexipliaruiic  and 
aphrodisiac. 

SCIMTIL'LA  VEN'ERIS,  'a  spark,  a  relic  of 
Venus.'  A  name  given,  by  Paracelsus,  to  the 
impotence  and  loss  of  power  in  the  limbs,  pro- 
duced by  syphilis. 

SCfNrJLLEMENT  DE  L'(EIL,  Confiisio. 

SCIOM'ACllY,  Skioma'chia,  Slnainarhia;  from 
oKia,  'a  shade,' and  ^a;^);,  'a  fight.'  A  gymnastic 
exercise  with  the  ancients,  which  consisted  in  a 
mock  encounter  at  boxing  and  jumping  with 
one's  own  shadow. 

SCIRHUS,  Scirrhus. 

SCIRPUS  PALUSTRIS,  Elcocharis  pnhistris. 

SUIRRHE,  Scirrhus. 

SCIRRIIOBLEPIIARONCIIS,  see  Sderiasis. 

SCIRRJIOCELE,  Orcheocele  scirrhosa. 

SCIRRJIOGAS'TRIA,  Scirrhus  r,nlrlr'ull, 
(F.)  Squirroijastrie ;  from  scirrhim,  iind  yaortip, 
'stomach.'     Scirrhus  of  the  stomach. 

SCIR'RIIOID,  ScirrhoVdes,  Srirrho'iles,  from 
oKipoi,  'scirrhus,'  and  ctSos,  'resemblance.'  Re- 
sembling scirrhus. 

SCIRRHOMA,  Scirrhus. 

SCIRRliOPIITlIAL'MIA,  SderophthaV mia, 
from  scirrhus,  and  o(/i^uX/joj,  '  the  eye.'  Cancer 
oc.'uli.     Cancer  of  the  eye. 

SciRRHOI'HTHALMIA     PALPEBRARUM,    SCC     Sclc- 

riasis. 

SCIRRIIOSARCA  NEONATORUM,  Indura- 
tion of  the  cellular  tissue.    . 

SCIRRTIOSIS,  Scirrhus. 

SCIRRHOUS,  Scirrho'sus,  (F.)  Squirrheux, 
from  scirrhus.     Of  or  belonging  to  scirrhus. 

SciHUHotis  Sarco'ma  op  Ad'ernetuy,  Eni- 
phij'ma  sarco'ma  scirrho'sum.  Hard,  rigid,  vas- 
cular infarction  of  glandular  follicles;  indolent, 
insentient,  glabrous:  sometimes  shrinking  and 
becoming  more  indurated.  Found  in  glandulous 
structures. 

SCIRRIIUS,  Scirhus,  Squirrhus,  Skirrhus, 
Scirrho'ma,  Scirrho'sis,  Cancer  scirrho'stis,  Cur- 
cino'ma  simplex  seu  fihro'sum,  Indura'tio  nadi;/'- 
na,  Sclerus,  Carcinom'atona  sarco'ma.  Hard  nr 
Fibrous  cancer  ;  from  o-Kipof,  'hard,'  'indurated;' 
(F.)  Sqnirrhe,  Squirre,  Schirre,  Skirre,  Cancer 
durou  squirrheux  o\i  fibreux.  A  disease,  so  called 
from  the  hardness  that  characterizes  it.  It  is  a 
state  of  induration,  of  a  peculiar  kind,  affecting 
glandular  structures  generally,  but  cajiable  of 
occurring  in  other  textures.  It  usually  precedes 
carcinoma,  of  which  it  may,  indeed,  be  considered 
as  the  first  stage.  Scirrhus  must  not  be  con- 
founded with  the  induration  which  succeeds  in- 
flammation, although  the  two  states  are  often 
complicated,  and  may  stand,  occasionally,  in  the 
relation  of  cause  and  effect  to  each  other.  Scir- 
rhus is  ordinarily  accompanied  by  violent  shoot- 
ing pains.     It  is   also  irregular  on  its  surface; 


SCISSIOX 


827 


SCOLOPOMACII.ERION 


and  when  out  into  has  a  bluish  or  grayish  white  i 
colour.     Whon  the  furgeon  is  satisfied  of  the  ex- 
istence of  scirrlius,  he   had  better  remove  it  at 
once.     No  other  treatment  seems  to  possess  much 
advnntiif^e. 

(jiilen  uses  the  terra  Scirrhn'sis  for  a  livid  ex- 
crescence caused  by  inflammation. 

SciKKHOS  ET  Carcinoma  VENTiucri,!,  see  Gas- 
trostenosis  cardiaca  et  pylorica  —  s.  Ilepatis,  lle- 
,patosfirrlius — s.  Intesliiiorum,  Enteropathia  can- 
corosa  —  s.  Palpebrarum,  sec  Scleriasis  —  s.  Tes- 
ticuli,    Sarcocele  —  s.    Uteri,    Metroscirrhus — s. 
Ventriculi,  Gastroscirrhus. 
iSC/SSlOJV,.6ee  Generation. 
^SC/SSfPARlTB,  see  Generation. 
SCISSORS,  ScinKor,  'a  carver,'  from  scindere, 
sciHSiiiii,  '  to  cut.'     Forfcx,  Fitrpex,  Ps<ilin,  Toniin, 
(F.)  Ciieditx.     A  well-known  instrument  in  com- 
mon use,  and  often  employed  in  surgery.     Scis- 
sors are  composed  of  two  cutting  blades,  crossing 
each  other  and  moving  upon  an  axis.     They  are 
etrair/lit  or  curved.     Sometimes  the  curve  is  on 
the  flat  side,   when    they  are  called,  in   France, 
Ciieanx    d    cnillcr ;    at    others,   on    their    edges. 
The  scissors,  bent  so  that  the    blades  make  an 
obtuse  angle  with    the    hiindles    are   also   m\iph 
used.     They  are  called  in  France  Cineaux  cdiuli'". 
Scissors  are  used  for  dividing  soft,   loose,  isnhi- 
ted  parts,  which  it  would  be  difficult  to  reiicli  Miid 
to  cut  with  the  bistoury.     They  are   empioycil, 
likewise,  in  the  operation  for  harelip,  and  for  re- 
moving warts,  fungous  excrescences,  <fec. 
SCISSUHA,  Fissure  —  s.  Vulvjc,  see  llima. 
SCrSSUK.T;,  llhngades. 
8CISSURE  I)E  GLASER,  Fissure,  glenoid— 

g.  Gniinl  iiifdiaiie  dn  Ovrvelet,  Valley — s.  de  San- 

toriiil,  Santfirini,  fissure  of. 
SKERLJEVO,  Seherlievo. 
SCLAREA,  Salvia  sclarea. 
SCLEREMA,  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 
(.W/vAV^i*.!/ ft'.  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 
SCl.KKEMIA,  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 
SC  h  10  K  K  M  US.  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 
SCLERKNCEPIIA'LIA,    Lidma'tio    cer'ebri, 
from  o-xX/jpof,  '  hard,'  and  cyKcpa^ov,  '  the  brain.' 
{F.)  Eiidurcissement  dn  cerveaa.     Induration  of 
the  brain. 

SCLERIA,  Scleriasis. 

SCLERI'ASIS,  Sdero'ma,  Sclero'sis,  Scle'ria, 
Scleryx'mHi,  Seph' intit,  from  a^^^rip-c,  'hard.'  Any 
kind  of  hardness  or  induration.  Sometimes  hard- 
ness of  the  eyelids,  QiUo'iiitas  aea  Sch-rhophlhal'- 
min  sen  Scirrliitx  pulpehrn'nim,  ScirrJiohlepha- 
ron'ciis  ;  at  others,  hardness  of  the  genital  organs 
of  the  female ;  probably  synonymous  with  scir- 
rhus.  —  Galen.  Paulus.  Hardness  of  bones, 
Frni/!!'!tfin  Oi'shdn. 

SCLERITIS.  Sclerotitis. 

SCLERODERMA,  Induration  of  the  cellular 
tissue. 

SCLERODES.  Sclerotic. 

SCLERO-IRITIS.  Inflammation  of  the  scle- 
l-otic  and  iris. 

SCLEROMA,  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue, 
Scleriasis. 

SCLEROMENINX,  Dura  mater. 
SCLERONYXIS,  Scleroticonyxis. 
SCLEROPHTlIALMIA,IIordeolum,Scirroph- 
thabnia. 

SCLEROS,  Hard 


SOjjEROT'IC,  Sclerot'ica,  from  cK'Xripou),  'I 
harden.'  Cornea  opu'cn,  Sclero'dea,  Tiiiiicu  dura 
seu  albiigin'ea  seu  dn'rior  et  crann'ior  seu  ex'tima 
seu  alhd  seu  caii'dida  seu  inuominu'ta  oc'tili, 
Srlcro'tii,  (F.)  S'clerotiqiie.  A  hard,  resisting, 
opakc  membrane,  of  a  pearly  white  colour  and 
fibrous  nature,  which  covers  nearly  the  posterior 
four-fifths  of  the  globe  of  the  eye,  and  has  the  form 
of  a  sphere  truncated  before.  It  is  strengthened  by 
the  expansion  of  tlie  muscles  of  the  eye,  to  whiih 
expansion  many  anatomists  have  given  the  name 
Tunica  albiiylii'ea.  It  forms  the  vhite  of  the 
eye,  Albu'meu  seu  Album  oc'u/i,  Lou'vluiden,  Linj'- 
adeg,  Loch'adcs,  Len'cades.  The  sclerotic  is  pene- 
trated posteriorly  by  a  round  opening,  for  the 
passage  of  the  optic  nerve;  and,  anteriorly,  it 
has  a  much  larger  opening,  into  which  the  trans- 
parent cornea  is  received.  There  are,  besides, 
many  small  oblong  apertures  in  it  for  the  passage 
of  nerves  and  vessels,  proceeding  to  the  interior 
of  the  eye.  Its  inner  surface  is  of  a  light  brown 
colour,  owing  to  a  delicate  areolar  tissue  contain- 
ing brown  pigment  cells;  and  hence  called  xVem- 
br<i'un  seu  L'liii'iiia  funca.  In  the  faHus,  the 
sclerotic  may  be  separated  into  two  very  distinct 
laininiB. 

SCLEROTICA  CERATOIDES,  Cornea. 
SCLEROTICITIS,  Sclerotitis. 
SCLEROTICOXYX'IS,  Schtronyx'h,  Scleroto- 
nyx'iii,  from   sclerotica,  and    vv^n,   '  puncturing.' 
Perforation  of  the  sclerotica  in  the  operation  for 
cataract  bv  depression. 

SCLEROTICUS,  Indurans. 
SCLER O  TIQ  UE,  Sclerotic. 
SCLEROTIS,  Sclerotic. 

SCLEROTI'TIS.  Injlnnima'tio  Schrot'iccpJ.en- 
ci'tis,  Lonchadi'tin,  Lor/adi'tin,  Sderi'tin,  Sclero- 
citi'tia,  Jiheiiniut'ic  ophthaV inia,  Ophlhal'mia  ar- 
thrit'ica,  from  sclerotica,  and  ilis,  denoting  in- 
flammation. Inflammation  of  the  sclerotic  coat 
of  the  eye. 

SCLEROTTUM  CLAVUS,  see  Ergot. 
SCLERUXTICUS,  Indurans. 
SCLERUS,  Induration,  Seirrhus. 
SCLERYNTICUS.  Indurans. 
SCLERYS'MA,  from  aK^npoi,  'hard.'    Indura- 
tion :  also,  induration  of  the  liver. 
SCLERYSMUS,  Scleriasis. 
SCLIRUS,  Seirrhus. 

SCLOPETA'RIUS,  from  eclopelum,  'a  gun.' 
Relating  to  a  gun.  Hence,  Aqua  nclopeia'rin,  a 
water  for  gunsliot  wounds.  Vul'nera  sclopetu'ria, 
gunshot  wounds,  &c. 

SCL0PET0PLAG.5,  Wounds,  gunshot. 
SCOBS,  Prisma,  Xijsma,  liamen'tum,  Rasu'ra. 
A  shaving;  also,  an  alkali ;  and  the  scoria  of  any 
metal. 

SCtENAXTHUM,  Juncus  odoratus. 
SCOLECESIS,  Helminthiasis. 
SCOLECIASIS,  Helminthiasis. 
SCOLEX,  Ascaris  lumbricoides. 
SCOLIOiMA,  Scoli.>sis. 

SCOLIO'SIS,  Scolio'ma,  Sl.-olio'sis,  Rhacliio- 
scolio'ma,  from  ckoXios,  '  crooked.'  A  distortion 
of  the  spine  to  one  side.     See  Hump. 

SCOLOPEXDRA,  Asplenium  sc(dopendrium. 
SCOLOPEXDRIA,   Asplenium    ceterach,  and 
A.  seolopendrium. 

SCOLOPEXDRIUM  LINGUA,  Asplenium 
seolopendrium —s.  Officinarum,  Asplenium 


SCLF R0=;'aRC0'MA,  from  ffKX.7po5, 'hard,' and     lopendrium  — s.   Phyllitis,  Asplenium   scolopen- 
cap>!ioua    '  a  fleshy  tumour.'     A  hard,  fleshy  tu-  ||  drium— s.  Ruta  muraria,  Asplenium  ruta  muraria 
moiir    s'cTted    on    the    gums,  and    resembling  a  i  —s.  Vulgare,  Asplenium  se(dopendriuni. 
cock-;  comb?    ""    '        "        '  ^  SCOLOPOMACH.E'RIOX.from<r-coXo.a|,'the 

SCLEROSIS,  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue,  !  woodcock,'  and  ^a;^aipa,  'a  knife;'  so  called  be- 

SCLElioSTEXOSIS  CUTANEA,  Induration 


cause  it  is  bent  a  little  at  the  extremity  like  a 
woodcock's  bill.   A  sort  of  blunt-pointed  bistoury. 


of  the  cellular  tissue. 


I,  —  Scultetus. 


SCOLYMUS   SATIVUS 


828 


SCROriIUL.E 


SCOLYMUS  SATIVUS,  Cynara  scolymus. 

SCOOP,  Teut.  Schoepe,  Cochlea' re,  (F.) 
Curette.  A  surgical  instrument  of  the  shape  of 
a  spoon,  which  is  used  for  the  extraction  of  cer- 
tain foreign  bodies.  The  scoop  is  often  employed 
to  extract  balls  impacted  in  the  soft  parts;  to  re- 
move calculi  from  the  urinary  bladder  in  lithoto- 
my, (fee.  A  small  scoop  is  sometimes  used  to 
extract  foreign  bodies  from  the  meatus  auditorius 
externus,  nasal  fussfe,  <fec. 

SCOP.  Head.  Scalp. 

SCOPA  KEGIA,  Ruscus. 

SCO  PAR  [US,  see  Spartium  scoparium. 

SCOPE,  dKowtj,  Seijj)!/,  Scop'ia,  Scnpon,  from 
(TKOTreo),  '  I  look  around.'  A  common  suffix  to 
Words  meaning  'view,  inspection,'  as  cramoscopi/, 
stetho«fo/)(/,  (fee. 

SCOPOLINA  ATROPOIDES,  Hyoscyamus 
scopoliii. 

SCOP  TULA,  Scopula. 

SCOPULA,  Brush. 

SCOR,  Excrement. 

SCORACRATl'A,  Scoracra'm'a,  Scntacrn'sln, 
Sfttncrnti'a,  Copracrati'a,  Coj^rncra'^in,  Licoiiti- 
ifn'tla  A/iv',  from  tncw/),  '  excrement,' and  aKparta, 
'want  of  control.'  Want  of  power  to  retain  the 
fieces.     Involuntary  evacuation  of  the  faeces. 

SCO  II BUT,  Porphyra  nautiea.  Purpura  hae- 
inorrhagica — s.  den  Alpes,  Pellagra  —  a.  de  Terre, 
Purpura  hiemorrhagica. 

SCORBU'TIC,  Scorhn'tlcn^,  (F.)  Scorbntlqiie, 
From  ncorhiitits,  'scurvy.'  That  which  belongs  to 
scurvy.     One  affected  with  scurvv. 

SCORBUTUS,  Purpura  — s.  Alpinus,  Pellagra 
— s.  Nauticus,  Porphyra  nautiea — s.  Oris,  Cancer 
aquaticns. 

SCORDINEMA,  Carebaria,  Pandiculation. 

SCORDINIS.MUS,  Carebaria,  Pandiculation. 

SCORDIUM.  Teuerium  scordium. 

SCORDON,  Allium. 

SCORDOSMINE.  Oxyd,  cystic. 

SCO  HIT  (I.  Sulphur. 

SCORIUM.  Scrotum. 

SCOROUOX,  Allium. 

SCORPIODEX'IS,  from  <r«op«o5,  'the  scor- 
pion,' and  i>)^i!,  '  bite:'  —  more  properly,  Scorpi- 
ostig'mv;  from  aKopzins,  and  irriy/ia,  '  puncture.' 
The  sfing  nf  the  scorpion. 

SCOK'PIOM,  Scor'pii),  Srnrp)iii>,{rrim  OKopmoio, 
'  I  enrage.'  A  genus  of  insects  having  a  sting 
at  the  extremity  of  their  tail,  with  which  they 
make  dangerous  wounds.  An  Oil  of  Scorpion 
was  once  made  from  them,  which  is  not  now  used. 

SCORPIOSTIGMA,  Scorpiodexis. 

SCORPIUS,  Scorpion. 

SCORTITM.  Scn)tura. 

SCORZOXE'RA,  S.  hn'milis  seu  Imin'tn  sen 
verro'id,  Exeorzoiie'm,  from  iciirzo,  old  Spanish 
f'lr  a  viper,  VIpera'ria,  Serpentn'ria  Hispan'icn, 
0/Jic"iiinl  viper's  r/rasn,  Viper's  grnxs,  Goat's 
f/rats.  Family,  Cichoraceae.  Rex.  Si/st.  Synge- 
iiesia  Pcdysainia.  The  roots  have  been  used  as 
nlexipharmics,  and  in  hypochondriacal  disorders 
and  obstructions  of  the  viscera.  The  root  of  the 
Scorzoiiern  Ifispau'ica  is  esculent,  but  ineffica- 
cious as  a  drug. 

SCOTAS'MA,  Scoto'mn,  Scoto'dia,  Scotn'sis, 
Scotos :  from  oKoTOi;,  'darkness.'  Ob'scurity  of 
vision,  darkness,  Snjfa'sio  ra'dians.  Also  Sco- 
to  linia. 

SCOTCH  FIDDLE,  Psor.a. 

SCOTODIA,  Scotasma,  Scotodinia. 

SCOTODIN'IA,  Scoto'mn,  Di„HsScoto'ma,  Sco- 
todi'iie,  Tenebrjco'sa  verti'go,  Scnfos,  Scotas'ma, 
Scoto'sis,  Scot'omy,  from  o-vorof,  'darkness,'  and 
iivti),  'I  turn  round.'  Giddiness,  with  impaired 
sight,  often  succeeded  by  headach.     See  Vertigo. 

SCOTOMA,  Scotasraa.  Scotodinia. 

SCOTOMY,  Scotodinia. 


SCOTOS,  Seotasma,  Scotodinia. 

SCOTOSIS,  Scotodinia. 

SCOTT'S  ACID  BATH,  Nilro.„n,ri„tic  acid 
bath.  A  bath  of  dilute  acjua  regia,  employed  l)y 
Dr.  Scott,  of  India,  as  a  remedy  in  hepatic  di.s- 
eases.  Three  pints  by  measure  of  muriatic  acid, 
and  two  of  nitric  acid,  are  mixed  to  form  Iho 
aqua  regia.  In  preparing  this  for  use,  a  pint  of 
it  is  mixeil  with  an  equal  quantity  of  water. 
The  acid  bath  consists  of  three  ounces  cf  this 
dilute  acid  to  every  gallor.  of  water. 

SCOUR.  Diarrhoea. 

SCOURING,  Diarrhnea. 

SCRAT,  Hermaphrodite,  Psora. 

SCRATCH,  Psora. 

SCREATUS,  Excreation. 

SCR  I  PLUM,  Scruple. 

SCRIPTIU.M,  Scrui)le. 

SCRIPTULUM,  Scruple. 

SCRIPULUM,  Scruple. 

SCRIPULUS,  Scruple. 

SCRIVENER'S  CRAMP,  Cramp,  writers'. 

SCROBIC'ULUS,  Scrobic'ulum,  (F.)  Fomette. 
A  little  ditch  or  furrow;  diminutive  of  scrubs, 
'  a  ditch.' 

ScuoBIc't'I.tTS  Cordis,  Anticar'dinm,  Prorar'- 
diiim,  (F.)  Fossette  dii  coetir,  ABont-cijeur,  Aiili- 
coeur.  The  pit  of  the  stomach.  The  depression 
■at  the  anterior  part  of  the  abdomen,  below  the 
xiphoid  cartilage. 

ScRoBict'i.us  VARioLiE,  Pockmark. 

SCROFFiE,  Scrofula. 

SCROF'ULA,  Scroph'ula,  Scroph'idfr. ;  from 
snrofa,  'a  sow  ;'  as  Chceras  is  from  %o(po5,  'a  hog,' 
because  swine  were  presumed  to  be  sul>ject  to  a 
similar  complaint.  Scrophiilo'sis,  Morbus  scrophu- 
lo'siis,  Vit"iurn  scrophnlo'sum,  O^icochym'ia  seu 
Cachex'ia  seu  Dyscra'sia  scroplnilo'sa,  Pada 
troph'ia  c/Iaiidulo'sa,  Struma,  Chopras,  Coiras, 
Tabes  GUvidula'ris,  Adeito'sia  scrofulo'sa,  Scroffa>, 
Kiiiifs  evil.  The  Evil,  Quince,  Gruels  (Scottice), 
(F.)  Scrophnles,  Scrofules,  Sirumes,  Ecroue.llcs, 
Humenrs  froides,  Tubercules  des  f/landes  lyinpha- 
tiques,  Jfal  da  Jioi.  A  state  of  the  system  cha- 
racterized by  indolent,  glandular  tumours,  chiefly 
in  the  neck;  suppurating  slowly  and  imperfectly, 
and  healing  with  difficulty  ;  the  disease  ordinarily 
occurring  in  those  of  a  sanpiine  temperament, 
with  thick  upper  lip,  &c.  The  tumours,  after 
suppuration,  degenerate  into  ulcers;  which,  in 
process  of  time,  cicatrize,  leaving  gears.  The 
internal  organs  are  apt  to  be  attaekeil  in  those 
disposed  to  scrofula;  hence  they  are  often  the 
subjects  of  phthisis  and  mesenteric  affections. 
Scrofula  is  hereditary;  and  is  frequently  excited 
by  insufficient  or  improper  regimen,  and  by  a 
close,  confined  air  during  the  first  years  of  exist- 
ence. The  best  treatment  is  : — to  strengthen  the 
system  by  animal  diet;  pure  air,  and  exercise, 
cold  bathing,  or  sea-water  bathing,  &c. 

Scrofula  Abdominalis  Intbrna,  Physconia 
strumnsa. 

SCROFULAIRE,  Scrophularia  nodosa  —  *. 
Aquatique,  Scrophularia  aquatica. 

SCROFULARIA,  Scrophularia. 

SCROFULES,  Scrofula. 

SGltOFULEUX,  Scrofulous. 

SCROF'ULOUS,  Scrophulo'siis,  Scrophuln'rius, 
Strumous,  Strumo'sus,  (F.)  Scrofiileux,  Slrumeux. 
Suffering  from,  or  relating  to,  scrofula. 

SCROOBY-GRASS,  Cochlearia  officin.alis. 

SCROOF,  Scarf. 

SCROG-LEGGED,  Cnemoscoliosis. 

SCROPHULA,  Scrofula— s.  Mesenterica,  Tabes 
mesenterica  —  s.  Moluccana,  Framboesia. 

SCROPHULA,  Scrofula— s.  Gonorrhoicae,  Go- 
norrhoea impura. 


SCROPIIULARIA 


829 


SEBACEOUS 


SCROPIIULA'RIA,  from  nrro/.ila,  against 
which  it  has  hiien  einployc'd.     S.  Nodosa. 

ScHoi'rii'LA'luv  AgiTAT'icA,  /Jel-m'i'ca  nqnnt'- 
ica,  Fic't'rid,  Ferra'rui,  C'(i«lrau'</iilti,  Greater 
Water  Fitjwort,  Water  Uet'ony,  (F.)  Scro/nlaire 
aqiiuttqiie.  Ord.  Scrophuhiriacoic.  The  leaves 
are  celebrated  as  correctors  of  the  bad  flavour 
of  Bcnna.  They  were  at  one  time  regarded  as 
eminently  antiscrofulous,  stomachic,  and  carmi- 
native. 

ScKopiiiTLAKiA  FciiTiDA,  Scrophnlaria  nodosa 
—  s.  Lanceulata,  S.  Nodosa  —  s.  Marilandica,  S. 
Nodosa — s.  Minor,  Ranunculus  fiearia. 

Schophula'kia  Nodosa,  S.fve'tida  seu  vuhjn'- 
r\a  seu  Inuccohi'ta  seu  3f<irilitn'dlcn,  Jfillemor'- 
bia,  Scrophidd'ria,  Fir/wort,  Keiinelwort,  Ilolmes- 
xpeed,  l/'id-a/l,  (F.)  Scro/ididre,  Ilerhe  anx  ecron- 
ellen.  The  root  and  leaves  of  this  plant  have 
been  celebrated,  both  as  an  internal  and  external 
remedy,  against  inflammations,  piles,  scrofulous 
tumours,  ulcers,  <fec. 

■Scuoi'iiiii.Aiu  A  VuLGAitis,  Scrophularia  nodosa. 

SCROPHULARIUS,  Scrofulous. 

SCROrilULES,  Scrofula  — «.  Mesenteriquea, 
Tabes  iiiesenterica. 

SCROPIIULOSIS,  Scrofula. 

SCROPIIULOSUS,  Scrofulous. 

SCROTAL,  Sr.rntu'lis  ;  from  scrotum.  Relating 
to  the  scrotum, — as  Hernia  scrotu'lln,  scrotal 
hernia. 

Scrotal  Nerve,  see  Genito-crural  Nerve. 

SCROTOCE'LE,  Oscheocele,  Oschooele.  A 
hybrid  term;  from  (L.)  ncrotion,  and  Kr,\,i,  <a  tu- 
mour.' Hernia  Scrota'/in,  Scrotal  her'nia.  In- 
guinal hernia,  descending  into  the  scrotum. 

SCROTUM,  from  scortemt,  Hcorteum,  'made  of 
leather'  [?].  Sco'rinm,  Quelle,  On'cheus,  Oi'chus, 
Oieiin,  Ou'elienn,  Oeh'eiin,  Perin,  Scortiini,  3larsu'- 
piniii.  linr'mda,  Biirna  ten'tium  seu  viri'lia,  Cap'- 
ulus  [?].  Orc/ian,  FoUie'iiliiH  ffenita'/is,  Her'nia,  the 
Purse,  the  Cod,  (F.)  Les  bourxex.  The  integu- 
ments which  cover  the  testes.  These  are  nothing 
more  than  a  prolongation  of  the  skin  of  the  inner 
part  of  the  thighs,  perinasutn.  and  penis.  The 
skin  is  remarkable  for  its  brown  colour,  for  the 
numerous  rugae,  especially  when  the  scrotum  is 
contracted;  for  the  great  number  of  sebaceous 
follicles  it  contains;  and  for  the  long  and  few 
hairs  which  issue  from  it  in  the  adult.  The  scro- 
tum is  divided  into  two  equal  parts  by  a  raphe, 
which  extends  from  the  anus  to  the  root  of  the 
penis.  Its  organization  is  similar  to  that  of  the 
skin  of  other  parts  of  the  body,  e.Ycept  that  the 
chorion  is  thinner. 

ScnoTtrM  Coi:ms,  Pericardium  —  s.  Pendulum, 
Rhachosis. 

SCRUBIE,  Purpura  nautica. 

SCRUBIE-GRASS,  Cochlearia  officinalis. 

SCIUJPLE,  Diob'olon,  Gramma'rium,  Sern'- 
Jiiiliin,  Svrn'piiliini,  Serip'in/iis,  Serip'tidum, 
Scrip'ttum,  Scrip'idiiin,  iS'eripliim,  Scrip'iiliii.  A 
weight  of  twenty  grains,  Troy;  twenty-four 
grains,  Poids  de  marc. 

SCUDAMORE'S  MIXTURE,  see  Mixture, 
Scudamore's. 

SCULL,  Cranium  —  s.  Cap,  Calvaria. 

SCURF,  Sax.  rcupF,  Teut.  Schorft;  (Prov.) 
iScronf,  Fiir'/nra.  Small  exfoliations  of  the  cu- 
ticle are  so  called. 

SCURFY,  Furfnraceous. 

SCURVY  OF  THE  ALPS,  Pellagra— s.  Land, 
Purpura  hicmorrhagiea  —  s.  Petechial,  Purpura 
simplex  —  s.  Sea,  P. irphyra  nautica. 

SCURVY    GRASS,    Sisyrinchium    Bermudia- 
num  —  s.  Grass,  common,  Cochlearia  officinalis — 
s.  Grass,  lemon,  Cochlearia  officinalis  —  s.  Grass, 
wild,  Cochlearia  coronopus. 
SCUTELLA,  Cup. 


SCUTELLARIA  CAROLINIANA,  S.  integri- 
folia. 

Scutklla'ria  Galericula'ta,  from  sctitella, 
'a  cup,'  in  allusion  to  the  form  of  the  calyx. 
Cass'ida  galaricida'ta,  Tertiana' ria,  Slcull-c'ap, 
(F.)  Casnide  bletie,  Toque.  Ord.  LabiatiB.  Sex. 
Syst.  Didynamia  Angiospermia.  This  plant  has 
a  bitter  taste  and  a  garlic  smell.  It  has  been 
esteemed  especially  serviceable  in  tertian  ague. 

Scutellaria  Hyssopifolia,  S.  integrifolia. 

Scutellaria  Integripo'lia,  S.  hyisopifo'lin 
seu  Caroliiiia'iia, — another  indigenous  variety, — 
is  an  intense  bitter. 

Scutella'ria  Lateriflo'ra,  Skid!-cap,  Mad- 
dog  ukullcap,  3/adweed,  Hoodworf,  Blue  Pimj)'- 
ernel.  An  indigenous  plant,  which  grows  in  all 
parts  of  the  United  States  in  moist  places.  It 
was  at  one  time  esteemed  a  preventive  of  hydro- 
phobia, but  is  probably  possessed  of  little  virtue 
of  any  kind.  By  some,  however,  it  is  regarded 
as  a  good  nervine. 

SCUTICULA  DIGITORUM  MANOs,  Pha- 
langes of  the  fingers. 

SCUTTER,  Diarrhoea. 

SCUTUL.E  DIGITORUM  MANfS,  Pha- 
langes of  the  fingers. 

SCUTUM,  Thyroid  cartilage  — s.  Cordis,  Sca- 
pula, Sternum  —  s.  Genu,  Patella  —  s.  Pectoris, 
Sternum,  Thorax. 

Scutum  Stomacii'icum.  A  large  plaster,  ap- 
plied to  the  breast  or  stomach. 

Scutum  Thoracis,  Scapula. 

SCYB'ALA,  plural  i>i  aKv0a\ov,  'dung.'  Ente- 
rol'ithns  Scyb'aluin,  Kxcreiiientn  Alvi  siceio'ra, 
FcBces  indnra'tce.  Hard  fecal  matters  discharged 
in  round  lumps. 

SCYLLA,  Scilla. 

SCYPJlOPliORUS  PYXIDATUS,  Lichen 
pyxidatus. 

SCYPIIUS  AUDITORIUS,  Infundibulum  of 
the  cochlea  —  s.  Cerebri.  Infundibulum  of  the 
brain — s.  Vieusscnii,  Infundibulum  of  the  cochlea 

SCYROS,  Callosity. 

SCYTALIUES  DIGITORUM  MANUS,  Pha- 
langes of  the  fingers. 

SCYTIITCA,  (RADIX,)  Glvcvrrhiza. 

SCYTIIROPASMUS,  from  oKve^oi,  'gloomy;' 
OKvBpii>TTtiE^€iv,  '  to  look  gloomy  :'  Vullni  trl'ricns  et 
mcentiis.  A  gloomy,  depressed  countenance,  of 
bad  augury  in  serious  diseases 

SCYTITIS.  Cvtitis. 

SCYTODEPrsiU.M,  Tannin. 

SEA  AIR.  The  air  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
the  sea  contains  saline  particles  commingled  with 
it,  which  render  it  a  valuable  change  for  scrofu- 
lous and  debilitated  individuals.  The  sea  and 
sea-coast  are  usually,  also,  more  equable  in  their 
temperature  than  places  inland. 

SEA  SICKNESS,  Nausea  marina. 

SEA-WARE,  see  Pila  marina  —  S.  ^Vater,  see 
Water,  sea. 

SEAL.  GOLDEN,  Hydrastis  Canadensis  — s. 
Solomon's,  Convallaria  polygonatum  —  s.  Solo- 
mon's, great,  Convallaria  canaliculata  —  s.  Solo- 
mon's, smaller,  Cimvallaria  pubesceus. 

SEA.M,  Cicatrix. 

SEARCHER,  Body  searcher. 

SEARCHING,  Sounding;  from  (F.)  ehereher, 
'to  seek.'  The  operation  of  ascertaining,  by  the 
introduction  of  a  metallic  instrument,  whether 
there  is  a  stone  in  the  bladder. 

SEASONING,  Acclimation— s.  Fever,  Fever, 
stranger's. 

SE.\T,  Anus  —  s.  Bone,  Ischion. 

SEBA  CE,  Sebaceous. 

SEBA'CEOUS.  Seba'ceno,  (F.)  Sebacg;  from 
gebnm,  'suet.'  That  which  has  the  nature  of 
suet. 


SEBASTOMANIA 


830 


SEDIMENT 


Sebaceous  Flux,  Stearrhoea. 
Skbackous,  Skbip'auous  or  Skbif'kroi's 
Glands,  Sehitceoits  Fol'licles  or  Cri/ptn,  FolUc'idi 
sebn'cei,  Crypta  scba'ce<p,  Oil  or  MH'utry  (jhiiids, 
are  sinall  huHow  origans,  of  a  rounded  or  pyriforin 
shape,  seated  in  the  substance  of  the  skin,  and 
openinf;  on  its  surface  by  a  small,  excretory  duct; 
furnishing  a  yellow,  unctuous  humour,  Smegma 
ciitn'nenin,  Sebum  ciita'neum.  having  some  analogy 
with  suet,  which  is  destined  to  lubricate  the  sur- 
face of  the  body.  Follicles  of  a  similar  nature 
exist  around  the  corona  glandis  of  the  male,  and 
under  the  skin  of  the  labia  majora  and  nj'niphiB 
of  the  female.  They  secrete  a  sebaceous  matter, 
which  emits  a  peculiar  odour;  and  hence,  after 
the  name  of  those  who  described  them,  have  been 
called  Glaud'idcB  odorif'ercR  Ti/st/iii,  G.  Tyso'iii, 
Glaiidi.dw  Littria'ncB  seu  Littrii,  Ti/xon's  glatids, 
(F.)  Gliiiides  de  Littre;  and,  also,  (ShiiididcB  odo- 
rif'ercB  seu  sebacece  </lniidis,  G.  or'oucB  penis, 
FolUc'idi  Kehii'cei  coronm  glandis,  GlandulcB  odo- 
rifero'.  prcp.pn'tii. 

SEBASTOMA'NIA,  from  at^aaroi,  'worship- 
ped,' and  mania.  Religious  insanity,  Demono- 
mania. 

SEBESTE'NA,  Cordia  myxa  seu  eebeste'na  seu 
Afriea'na  seu  domes'tica  seu  obli'qna,  Sebesie'na 
offirina'lis,  Seb'esten,  Sebsten,  Myx<(,  Corniia  san- 
(jnin'en,  Primus  sebesti'na.  Smooth -leaved  Cor'- 
ilia,  Assyr'ian  plum,  (P.)  Sebestier  myxa.  Ord. 
Cordiacea;.  The  dark,  black  fruit  of  the  Sebes- 
titia  possesses  glutinous  and  aperient  qualities, 
and  is  exhibited,  in  decoction,  in  various  diseases 
of  the  chest. 

SRBESTIER  MYXA,  Sebestena. 
SEBIFEROUS,  see  Sebaceous. 
SEBIPAROUS,  see  Sebaceous. 
SEOORRHAGIA,  Stearrhoea. 
SEBOKRHCEA,  Stearrhoea. 
SEBSTEN,  Sebostina. 

SEBUM,  Pinguedo,  Sevum — s.  Cutaneum,  see 
Sebaceous  glands  —  s.  Palpebrale,  Chassie  —  s. 
Pneiiutiale,  Smegma  prajputii. 

SECA'LE,  S.  cerea'le  seu  bnrba'tum.  The  Jtye 
plant.  (F.)  Seiglc.  Ord.  Graminese.  Rye  is 
chiefly  used  as  an  article  of  diet,  particularly  in 
the  northern  parts  of  Europe,  where  a  spirit  is 
also  extracted  from  it.  The  grain  is  disposed  to 
acescency :  and  hence  its  internal  use  at  first 
generally  produces  a  laxative  effect. 

Skcalk  Baubatum,  Secale — -s.  Cornutum,  Er- 
got— s.  Luxurians,  Ergot — s.  Materuum  turgidum 
seu  temulcntum,  Ergot. 

SECALIS  MATER,  Ergot. 
SECATEUR  DES  AMYGDALES,  Amygda- 
latome. 

SECERNENT,  Secreting. 
SECERNING,  Secreting— s.  Substance  of  the 
kidney,  see  Kidney. 

SECESSIO  FJ5CUM,  Defecation. 
SECESSUS  NIGER,  Melijena. 
SEGHE,  Sepia. 
SECLUSORIUM,  Sac. 

SECONDARY,  from  seeundus,  'the   second.' 

Something  that  acts  subordinately  to  another; 

as  the  secondary  symptoms  of  a  disease  ;  that  is, 

those  which  supervene  on   the  primary.     A  se- 

coiidary  amputation  is   one   performed  after  the 

constitutional  effects   of  an  injury  have  mainly 

]'iassed  away.     See  Fever,  secondary  ;  and  Hae- 

iiiorrhagia,  for  Secondary  Hemorrhage. 

SECONDLXES,  Secundines. 

SECRETA.  Same  etymon  as  Secretion.  Things 

or  matters  secreted  or  separated  from  the  blood. 

SKi'RE'TING,    Secreto'rius,    Secer'ning,    Se'- 

cern'ent,    Excer'nent,    (F.)    Secreteur,    Secretaire. 

f^ame  etymon  as  Secretion.    That  which  secretes, 

—  as  a  secreting  organ. 


SECRETIO,  Secretion— s.  Lactis,  Oalnctnsis— 
s.  Lotii,  Uropocsis  —  s.  Urinaa,  Uropoesis  —  s.  Vi- 
caria,  see  Vicarious. 

SECRE'TION,  Secre'tio,  Apoc'risis ;  from  se- 
cernere.  secretum,  'to  separate.'  An  organic  func- 
tion, which  is  chiefly  executed  in  the  glands,  niid 
consists  in  an  elaboration  or  separation  of  ilio 
materials  of  the  blood,  at  the  very  extremities  <if 
the  arterial  system,  or  rather  of  the  vascular  se- 
cretory system;  and  which  diflfcrs  in  each  organ 
aecor<ling  to  its  particular  structure;  hence  the 
formation  of  different  fluids; — bile,  saliva,  urine, 
milk,  &c.  The  secretions  are  of  three  kinds:  — 
exhalant,  follicular,  and  glandular.  Simple  se- 
cretions are  those  which  exist  rcndy-furnied  in 
the  blood,  and  pass  out  of  the  vessels  by  an  act 
of  exosmose,  whilst  the  more  complicated  are 
formed  from  the  liquor  sanguinis  by  cell-agency. 
The  latter,  alone,  are,  by  some,  called  Secretions, 

SEORETOIRE,  Secreting. 

SECRETORIUS,  Secreting. 

SECT,  METHODICAL,  Methodists. 

SEC'TIO,  Section.  The  act  of  cutting.  A  di- 
vision. 

Srctio  Alta,  see  Lithotomy  —  s.  Anatoniiea, 
Dissection  —  s.  Cadaveris,  Autopsia  cadaverica — 
s.  Cadaveris  legalis,  Autopsia  cadaverica — s.  C<e- 
sarea,  Ca?sarean  section  —  s.  Franeoniana,  see 
Lithotomy  —  s.  Hypogastrica,  see  Lithotomy  —  s. 
Lateralis,  see  Lithotomy  —  s.  Legalis,  Autopsia 
cadaverica  legalis — s.  Mariana,  see  Lithotomy — 
s.  Nympharum,  Nymphotomy  —  s.  Perina;alis, 
Perineal  section — s.  Rectovesicalis,  see  Lithotomy 
—  s.  Renalis,  Nephrotomy  —  s.  Tendinum,  Teno- 
tomy—  s.  Vagino-vesicalis,  Colpocystotomia — s. 
Vesicalis,  Lithotomy. 

SECTION,  Sectio  —  s.  Sigaultian,  Symphyse- 
otomy. 

SECUND^,  Secundines. 

SECUNDIN^,  Secundines. 

SECUNDINES.  Hys'tera,  Deulcr'ion,  Metro;, 
■  Secnn'dcB,  Secundi'ncB,  After-birth,  {¥.)  Arrih'e- 
faix,  Secondines,  Belivre,  from  secundare,  {scvuu- 
dus,  'second.')  'to  follow.'  All  that  remains  in 
the  uterus  after  the  birth  of  the  child, — viz.,  the 
placenta,  a  portion  of  the  umbilical  cord,  and  the 
membranes  of  the  ovum.  These  are  commonly 
not  expelled  till  some  time  after  the  birth  of  the 
foetus  ;  hence  their  name.     See  JJelivraiice. 

SECUNDUS  PROPRIORUxM  AURICULiE, 
Retrahens  auris. 

SEDANTIA,  Sedatives. 

SED'ATIVES,  Sedati'va,  Pauon'ta,  Scdan'tia, 
Adec'ta,  Catastal'tica,  Deprinien'tia,  (F.)  S(da- 
tifs,  Cnlmants,  Tempirants,  from  sedare,  sedatum, 
'  to  settle  or  assuage.'  Medicines  which  directly 
depress  the  vital  forces,  and  which  are  conse- 
quently employed  whenever  it  is  necessary  to 
diminish  preternaturally  increased  action.  The 
chief  reputed  sedatives  are :  Acidum  Ilydroeya- 
nicum,  Acidum  Hydro-sulphuricum,  'labacum, 
Missio  Sanguinis,  and  certain  gases  by  inhalation, 
as  azote,  carbonic  acid  [?],  carburetted  and  sul- 
phuretted hydrogen. 

SEDEM  ATTbLLENS,  Levator  ani. 
SEDES,  Anus,  Excrement  —  s.  Cruenta?,  Dy- 
sentery, Haeraatochezia — s.  Lactescentes,  Coeliao 
fiux — s.  Procidua,  Proctocele. 
SEDHEE,  Bangue. 

SED'IMENT,  Sedimen'tum,  Lemma,  Resideu'- 
tia.  Same  etymon.  (F.)  Depot.  A  deposit  formed 
by  the  precipitation  of  some  one  or  more  of  the 
substances  held  in  solution  or  suspension  \>y  a 
liquid.  That  which  is  formed  in  urine,  at  the 
time  of  cooling,  has  been  called  Hi/pos'tasiH.  ////- 
paste' ma,  Residen'tia,  Subsiden'tia,  (F.)  Depot  de 
I'urine.  This  sediment  or  deposit  varies  in  dif- 
ferent states  of  the  system.    In  calculous  affec- 


SEDIMENTUM 


831 


SELTZ 


tlons,  it  is  one  of  the  most  important  objects  of 
attention. 

SEDIMENTUM,  Sediment  — s.  Urinic  lateri- 
cium,  see  Lateritious  —  s.  Urinae  pityruides,  see 
Fiirt'uraceous. 

SI'IDITIA,  Nates. 

SEDLITZ,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF,  Seid- 
lilz  w'liei:  Springs  in  Bohemia,  near  Prague, 
wliich  are  simple  salines.  They  eontain  suljjhate 
and  carl)onate  of  magnesia,  chiefly  chloride  of 
niaijnesium,  sulphates  of  potassa,  soda,  and  lime, 
ciirlionic  acid  and  carhonate  of  lime.  They  are 
euiployed  as  purgatives  in  a  multitude  of  diseases. 

AiiTiFiciAL  Skdlitz  Powdehs,  in  jio  respect, 
however,  resembling  the  natural  ingredients,  are 
roniicd  of  Soda  et  Potussa  tctrtraH  ^\j,  Sodcp.  car- 
him.  ^ij,  in  one  paper;  Acid  turUiric.  gr.  x.\xv, 
in  anorher.     For  half  a  pint  of  vrater. 

SKDON  nnULANT,  Sedum  — ».  Reprise, 
Scdinn  telephium.    "' 

SEDUM,  S.  (tcie  seu  </facia'le  seu  minus  sen 
veniiicnld're,  frotu  sedeo,  'I  sit/  owing  to  its  at- 
tachment to  rocks  and  walls.  I/lec"ehra,  Hel- 
lec"ebra,  Ilhc"ebrum,  Vermicula're,  Vermicnla'- 
rin,  Piper  murn'le,  Senipervi'vii7n  acre,  Aei'chvy- 
miti,  yEo'iiion,  Wall  pepper.  Jack  of  the  Pnt'tery, 
Pricket,  Bird's  bread,  Stone  crop,  Jiitiny  Stone 
crop,  Snudl  Houseleek,  (F.)  Jonbarbe  dcre,  Orpin 
brdliint,  Vermicnlaire  brAlante,  Sedan  brfdanl. 
Off/.  Crassulacete.  Sex.Si/st.  Decandria  Penta- 
gynia.  In  its  recent  state  it  is  very  acrid,  and 
proves  both  emetic  and  cathartic.  Externally, 
in  the  form  of  cataplasm,  it  produces  vesications 
and  erosions.  It  has  been  recommended  in  can- 
cerous and  malignant  ulcers. 

Srdum,  Saxifraga  granulata  —  s.  Glaciale,  Se- 
dum  —  s.  Majus,  Sempervivum  tectorum  —  s.  Mi- 
nus, Sedum. 

Skdum  Tet-k'phhtm,  S.  tefepho'ides,  Fnha  erassa, 
Crns'snln,  C.  Jfajor,  IUec"ebra  major,  Tele'phinin, 
Fahn'riu  cras'snla,  Faha  crassa,  Anncam])' seros, 
A.  al'bicana  seu  tripJnjIUa  seu  vulgit'ris,  Orpine, 
(F.)  Sedan  reprise.  Grand  orpin,  Feve  epaisse, 
Jonbarbe  des  viynes,  <fec.  Formerly  used  as  a 
cataplasm  in  cuts,  hemorrhoids,  corns,  whitlovrs, 
<fec. 

Sedum  TELEPnoiDES,  S.  Telephium — s.  Vermi- 
culare.  Sedum. 

SEED,  Sperm. 

SRHMBNTA  CARTILAGINEA,  see  Trachea. 

SEGMENTA'TION,  Serpnenta'tio,  from  Lat. 
si-gmentum,  'a  segment.*  itself  from  xeco,  'to  cut.' 
The  act  of  being  divided  into  segments  or  por- 
tions. (F.)  Segmentation,  Fractionnenie)it,  SiUon- 
nement.  A  term  applied  to  the  division  of  the 
vitellus  or  yolk  into  'segments;'  each  containing 
a  transparent  vesicle,  which  maybe  a  descendant 
of  the  primordial  or  germ  cell. 

SEGNIT"IA,  Seynif'ies,  from  segnis,  'slug- 
gish.' Sluggishness  or  torpor  in  the  exercise  of 
a  function  :  —  as  Segnities  Alvi,  Torpor  of  the 
bowels;  Segnities  Virium,  Languor. 

SEGNITIES.  Segnitia. 

SEGRAY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Near 
Pithiviers,  in  Gatinais,  in  the  French  department 
of  Loirct,  there  is  a  chalybeate  spring,  which  has 
.«(inie  reputation. 

SE(}U,  Sago. 

SEIDLITZ.  Sedlitz. 

SEIDSCIltiTZ.  SEYDSCIIUTZ  or  SAID- 
SCllUTZ,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Bitter 
sprinsrs.  in  the  neighbourhood  of  those  of  PUllna 
and  Sedlitz,  in  Bohemia,  which  contain  chiefly 
!-ulpliale,  nitrate,  muriate,  and  carbonate  of 
magnesia,  sulphates  of  potassa,  soda,  and  lime; 
carbonate  of  lime,  iron  and  manganese.  The 
water  is  an  excellent  cathartic,  and  is  well  known 
iu  Europe. 


SErOLE,  Secale--*.  Comn,  Ergot  — ».  Cor- 
rompn,  Ergot  —  «.  d  Eperon,  Ergot — ».  Erijotee, 
Ergot — X.  Fryoline,  Ergot — ».  Faitx,  Ergot. 

SEfy,  Uterus,  see  Mamma. 

SEIRIASIS,  Conp  de  Soleil. 

SEIZURES,  HIDDEN,  see  Hidden  seizures. 

SEKISKAYAVODKA,  see  Spirit. 

SEL,  Salt — ».  Admirable  de  Leniery.  Magnesia) 
sulphas — 8.  Admirable  perle,  Soda,  phosphate  of 
— ».  Ammoniac,  Ammoniae  murias — ».  Armeniac, 
Ammonise  murias — s.  Arsenical  de  Maeqner,  Ar- 
seniate  of  protoxide  of  potassium — s.  de  Cnisine, 
Soila,  muriate  of — s.  de  Derosne,  Narcotine  —  «. 
d'E<jra,  Magnesiae  sulphas — s.  de  Lait,  Sugar  of 
Milk  — «.  Marin,  Soda,  muriate  of— s.  d'Opinm, 
Narcotine  —  s.d'Oseille  Potassae  oxalas  —  s.  de 
Satnrne,  Pluinbi  superacetas  — «.  de  Verre,  see 
Vitrum  —  «.  Vulutil  d'Anyleterre,  Ammoniae  car- 
bon as. 

SELAGO,  Camphorosma  Monspeliaca,  Lyco- 
podium  selago. 

SELENE,  Moon,  see  Nail. 

SELENIASIS,  Somnambulism. 

SELENIASMUS,  Somnambulism. 

SELKNOBLETUS,  Lunatic. 

SELENOGAMIA,  Somnambulism. 

SELERY,  Apium  graveolens. 

SELF-ABUSE  Masturbation. 

SELF-HEAL.  Prunella. 

SELF-LIM'ITED.  An  epithet  applied  to  dis- 
eases which  appear  to  run  a  definite  course,  but 
little  modified  by  treatment,  —  small-pox,  for 
example. 

SELF-POLL'UTION,  Masturbation. 

SELI'BRA,  Scmili'bra,  Sembella,  'half  a 
pound.'     Six  ounces,  Troy;  eight  Avoirdupois. 

SELINI'TES,  atXivirrii.  Wine  impregnated 
with  the  seeds  of  the  ccXivov  or  smallaye.  —  Dios- 
corides. 

SELINUM  ANGELICA,  Angelica  Sylvestris 

—  s.  Galbanum,  Bubon  galbanum  —  s.  Impera- 
toria,  Imperatoria  —  s.  Lactescens,  Peueedanum 
palustre — ■  s.  Marsh,  Peueedanum  palustre  —  s. 
Opoponax,  Pastinara  opoponax — s.  Oreoselinum, 
AthaiJianta  aureoselinum — s.  Ostruthium,  Impe- 
ratoria—  s.  Palustre,  Peueedanum  palustre  —  s. 
Pastinaca,  Pastinaca  sativa — s.  Peueedanum,  Peu- 
eedanum—  s.  Pubescens,  Angelica  sylvestris — s. 
Sylvestre,  Angelica  sylvestris,  Peueedanum  palus- 
tre—  s.  Thysselinum,  Peueedanum  jialustre. 

SELLA,  S.  Turcica  —  s.  Equina,  S.  Turcica  — 
s.  Familiarica,  Lasannm — s.  Obstetricia,  Diphrus 

—  s.  Sphenoidalis,  S.  Turcica. 

Sella  Tuu'cica,  Ephip'pinm,  Fossa  Pitnita'- 
ria,  Sella,  S.  eqni'na  seu  sphenoida'lis,  Pitn'itary 
fossa,  Turkish  Sciddle,  (F.)  Selle  Tnreiqne  on 
dn  Tnrc.  A  depression  at  the  upper  surface  of 
the  sphenoid  bone,  which  is  bounded,  anteriorly 
and  posteriorly,  by  the  clinoid  processes,  and 
lodges  the  pituitary  gland.  It  is  so  called  from 
its  resemblance  to  a  Turkish  saddle.  The  broad 
rough  plate,  behind,  and  somewhat  overhanging 
the  Sella  Turcica  is  the  Dorsum  Ephippii. 

Sella  TtinricA.  Pituitaria  fossa. 

SELLE  TURCLQUE,  Sella  Turcica  —  s.  rfu 
Tnrc.  Sella  Turcica. 

SELS  NEUTRES,  Neutral  salts. 

SELTZ  or  SELTZER,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  Cold,  acidulous  springs,  the  source  of  which 
is  at  Seltz,  nine  leagues  from  Strasbnrg,  and  in 
the  Department  of  the  Bas-Rhin.  They  contain 
carbonates  of  lime,  magnesia,  and  soda,  chloride 
of  sodium,  and  much  carbonic  acid.  They  are 
refrigerant,  tonic,  diuretic,  and  aperient. 

AuTiFiriAL  Seltzer  Water  may  be  made 
from  muriat.  acid.  gr.  xxxv,  water  Oj.  u-hite  7nar- 
fe/egr.  iij.  Stop  up  till  dissolved.  Add  carbonate 
of  Magnesia,  gr.  v,  and,  after  some  time,  snbcar- 
bunate  of  soda,  gr.  xxsij.     Close  it  till  used. 


SEMBELLA 


83: 


SEMINIFEROUS 


SEMBELLA,  Selihni. 

SEMECARPUS  ANACARDIIIM,  Avicennia 
tomentiisa. 

SEMEIOG'RAPHY,  Semewgraph'i't,  Semio- 
grapln/,  Sfiiiioi/ra'phia,  SijmptoinatiKj' rdphy,  from 
at}nuov,  'a  sj'inptom,'  and  ypa(pt],  'a  clescri|)tion.' 
A  ilL'scriptioii  of  symptoms  or  signs  of  disease. 

SEMEIOL'OGY,  .Semeiot'ice,  Semiohxjij,  Se- 
miotice,  /'lia!»(tmeii(tlof/" in,  from  ciiiciov,  'a  symp- 
tom,' and  Aoy«s,  'a  discourse.'  (F.)  S^meiotiqiie. 
The  brancli  of  pathology  whose  object  is  the  doc- 
trine of  the  symptoms  or  signs  of  disease. 

SEMEION,  Sign  —  s.  Boethematicum,  Indica- 
tion. 

SEMEIOSIS,  Semeiology. 

SEMRIOrrQUE,  Semeiology. 

SEMEN,  Sperm — s.  Badian,  Illicium  .nnisa- 
tum — s.  Cinae,  see  Artemisia  santonica — s.  Con- 
tra, see  Artemisia  santonica  —  s.  Cvntra  d'Alep, 
Artemisia  santonica — s.  Contra  vermes,  Artemi- 
sia santonica — s.  Masculinum  seu  virile  sen  geni- 
tale,  Sperm — s.  Muliebre,  Sperm  (of  the  female) 
—  s.  Sanctum,  see  Artemisia  santonica  —  s.  Siin- 
tonici,  see  Artemisia  santonica — s.  Zedoariae,  see 
Artemisia  santonica. 

SEMENCE,  Sperm. 

SEMENTIXA,  Artemisia  santonica. 

SE5II,  from  'rtynav,  'half.'  Semi  or  demi,  in 
composition,  universally  signifies  '  half ;' both  in 
French  and  English. 

SEMIAN'IMIS,  Sem!mor"tnnn,  Sem'iiiex,  Sf- 
mivi'vtis  ;  from  semi,  'half,'  and  animus,  'soul.' 
Half-living.     Half-dead. 

SEMI-BULB  OF  THE  FEMALE,  Bulbus 
vestibuli. 

SEMIOANALTCULUS,  Sulcus. 

SEMICANALIS.  Sulcus. 

SEM ICE PH ALUS,  Ilemicepbalus. 

SEMICIRCULI  OSSEl,  Semicircular  canals. 

SE.MICIRCULAR,&HMVMc<(;r('^<«.  From  «(-«(/, 
and  circii/iis,  'a  circle.'  (F.)  Demicircitlaire. 
That  which  represents  the  half  of  a  circle. 

Semicirciilak  Canals,  Cmia'les  seu  Dncttii 
semicirot/d'res  seu  tnbaform'es  seu  circnla'res, 
Semicir'ciili  os'sei,  Fiinei  seu  Cdiidlic'iili  seriii- 
(i)iniila'res  Jtihijrin'tlii,  (F.)  C(tii(nix  deniicircii- 
laires.  are  seated  in  the  pars  petrosa  of  the  tem- 
poral bone,  and  open  into  the  vestibule,  behind 
which  they  are  situate.  They  are  three  in  num- 
ber, of  which  one  is  superior  or  vertical,  cnun'lis 
Kemicirculn'ris  verticri'lis  supe'rior  ;  another^jos^e- 
rior  or  oblique,  catia'lls  semielrculn'ris  verticu'lis 
poste'rior,  and  the  third  exterior  or  horizouttil. 
cnnnlis  semirireuht'ris  horiziDita'lis.  Their  pa- 
rietes  are  formed  of  a  bonj',  compact,  hard  plate. 
Their  uses  in  audition  are  not  known  :  at  their 
termination  they  have  the  elliptical  arrangements 
called  (impul'lfB ;  and  by  both  extremities  they 
open  into  the  vestibule,  in  the  sac  at  its  superior 
part — the  Soc'eulus  Ellip'lieus,  Al' reus  seu  Utric'- 
ttlus  seu  Siuus  commu'nis,  Sinus  seu  Alveus  ntri- 
culo'uns,  Snvculus  vestihuli  or  Uledian  sinus. 
Utricle.  In  front  of  the  S.  ellipticus,  nearer  the 
cochlea,  and  opposite  the  foramen  ovale,  is  the 
Sitc'culiis  uplta^r' Icus,  or  Sncvidus. 

SEMICIRCULUSEXSCULPTUS,  Hiatus  dia- 
phragmatis  aorticus.  ^ 

SEMICON'GIUS.  Half  ag.allon,  or  four  pints. 

SEMICU'BIUM,  Semicipium,  Inses'sio,  In- 
ces'sio,  Encothis'mri,  Excnihis'ma,  (F.)  Demihain, 
from  semi,  and  cuhnre,  '  to  lie  down.'  A  half- 
bath,  or  such  as  receives  only  the  hips  or  ex- 
tremities. 

SE.MICUPIU.M.  Bath,  half,  Semi-cubium. 

SEMI  FIBUL/EUS,  Peronreus  brevis. 

SEMI-INTEROSSEUS  IXDICIS,  Abductor 
indicis. 

Si;mi-tntf,i?ossei'S  Poli.icis,  Opponens  poUicis. 

SEMILIBRA,  Selibra. 


SEMILLA  DELGUACHARO.  Various  kinds 
of  hard  and  dry  fruits,  found  in  the  stomachs  of 
the  young  Guacharoes,  a  sort  of  nocturnal  bird. 
The  fruits  are  a  celebrated  South  American 
remedy  in  Ague. 

SEMILU'NAR,  Semiluna'ris,  (F.)  Demlh,- 
naire  ou  Semilunnire,  from  semi,  and  luna,  '  Iho 
moon.'     Having  the  shape  of  a  half-moon. 

Semilunar  Caut'ilagks,  Semilunar  filro-cnr- 
tiliKjes,  Si'jnioid  car'tiltiyes,  Vurtiliiij" iues  si(j. 
moidecp.  seu  aemiluna'res,  are  two  Cbro-cartilagcs, 
which  exist  between  the  condyles  of  the  os  feiiKi- 
ris  an<l  the  articular  surfaces  of  the  tibia.  The 
innermost, "which  is  longer  from  before  to  bcliiiid 
than  transversely,  is  nearly  semicircular.  The 
outermost  forms  almost  an  entire  circle;  nn  ar- 
rangement, in  both  cases,  corresponding  to  the 
different  surfaces  of  the  tibia.  They  are  thicker 
at  their  outer  circumference,  which  is  convex, 
than  at  the  inner,  which  is  concave  and  very 
thin.  Both  are  inserted,  before  and  behind,  into 
the  spine  of  the  tibia,  by  means  of  fibrous  fasciir. 

Semilunar  Ganglion, — Ganglion  abdomina'le 
seu  splaneli'nivum  seu  transver'sum  seu  sola' re, 
G.  surrcual,  (Ch.),  belongs  to  the  great  symi)a- 
thetic.  These  ganglia  present  considerable  va- 
riety, and  are  deeply  situate  in  the  abdomen, 
above  and  behind  the  supra-renal  capsules.  'J'hey 
correspond,  posteriorly,  to  the  pillars  of  the  dia- 
jfhragm  and  the  aorta.  They  have  the  shape  of 
a  crescent  reversed,  often  surrounded  by  other 
ganglia  of  a  smaller  size.  From  their  periphery 
numerous  filaments  proceed,  which  go  to  the  for- 
mation of  the  solar  plexus. 

Semilunar  Notch  or  the  Sternum,  Fourchelte 
—  s.  Valves.  Sigmoid  valves. 

SEMILUNULA  UNGUIUM,  see  Nail. 

SEMI-MAS,  Eunuch. 

SEMIMASCULATUS.  Eunuch, 

SEMIMASCULUS,  Eunuch. 

SKMIMEMBRANEOUS,  Semimembranosus. 

SE.MIMEMBRANO'SUS,  Semimembm'neux, 
(F. )  hell io-popliti-femoral,  Isch  io-popliti-tibial, 
(Ch.)  Demimembraneux.  A  muscle  situate  at  the 
posterior  part  of  the  thigh.  It  is  flat,  thin,  nar- 
row, and  aponeurotic  in  its  upper  third  ;  broader 
and  fleshy  in  the  middle,  and  tendinous  below. 
It  is  attached  above  to  the  tuberosity  of  the  is- 
chium ;  and  below — by  a  tendon,  which  has  three 
divisions — to  the  outer  condyle  of  the  femur,  and 
to  the  posterior  and  inner  part  of  the  internal 
tuberosity  of  the  tibia.  This  muscle  is  a  rotator 
inwards,  and  a  flexor  of  the  leg.  It  can  also  bend 
the  thigh  upon  the  leg.  In  standing  it  maintains 
the  pelvis  in  position,  and  can  even  draw  it  down-i 
wards. 

SEMIMORTUUS.'Semianimis. 

SEMINA  CATAPUTI^  MAJORIS,  see  Rici- 
nus  communis. 

Se'jiina  Fric'iPA  Ma.JO'rA.  The  greater  cold 
seeds.  The  ancients  gave  this  name  to  the  emul- 
sive seeds  of  the  cucumber,  melon,  gourd,  and 
water-melon. 

Semina  Frigida  Mino'ra.  The  lesser  cold  seeds. 
The  ancients  gave  this  name  to  the  seeds  of  the 
lettuce,  purslane,  endive,  and  cichory. 

Semina  Ricini  Vulgaris,  see  Ricinus  commu- 
nis. 

SEMINAL,  Spermatic — s.  Filaments,  Sperma- 
tozoa— s.  Fluid,  Sperm — s.  Granules,  see  Granule. 

SEMINALE  MEMBRUM,  Penis. 

SEMINALIS,  Spermatic. 

SEMINEKVOSUS,  Semi-tendinosus. 

SEMIORBICULARIS,  Orbicularis  oris. 

SEMIPESTIS,  Typhus. 

SEMINEX,  Semianimis. 

SEMINIA  MORBORUM,  Predisposition. 

SEMINIF'EROUS,  from  semen,  seminis, 
'sperm,'  and/ero,  'I  carry.'     Sjtermatoph'orout, 


SEMINIST 


833 


SENEGAL 


An  epitliet  given  to  the  vessels  wliich  secrete  and 
convey  the  seuiiiinl  fluid. 

SEMINIST,  Aniiiialeulist. 

f^EMIMlIM,  Sperm. 

SEMIOtiKAI'lIY,  Semeiogrnphy. 

SE.VirOLOOiY,  8emeiology. 

SEMION.  Sign. 

SEMIOTICE,  Semeiotice— s.  Faciei,  Thysi- 
Ognomv. 

SEMIPLEGIA.  Hemiplegia. 

SEMISEXTUM.  Hemiecton. 

SEMISICIL'ICUS.  A  weight  of  one  drachm 
or  thrt'e  sirupli's.  —  Ilhodius. 

SEMISIDKllATIO,  Hemiplegia. 

SEMISIDKKATUS,  see  Hemiplegia. 

SEMIHOMNIS,  Coma. 

SEMISOPITUS,  Coma. 

SHMISOPORUS,  Coma. 

SEMlSPEC'UIiUM.  An  instrument  used  for 
dilating  the  incision  made  into  the  necl<  of  the 
bladder  in  the  operation  of  lithotomy. — Fabricius 
HildiiMUS. 

SEMISPINA'LTS  COLLI,  Semispina'tus  seu 
trauHver'so-spiiiu'liii  seu  apiua'lix  seu  traiieveraa'- 
h'n  colli,  Artic'ii/o-npiiKi'lls,  Spinalis  cervi'cis, 
Transvemo-s^'i'Kil,  (F.)  Demi-epineiix  ou  trai>9- 
versaire-^piiieux  da  con.  This  muscle  arises  from 
the  transverse  processes  of  the  six  uppermost 
dorsal  vertebra?,  by  an  equal  number  of  distinct 
tendons,  which  run  obliquely  under  the  corn- 
plexus,  and  is  inserted  in  the  spinous  processes 
of  all  the  cervical  vertebra;,  except  the  first  and 
last.  Its  act i (in  is.  to  extend  the  neck  obliquely 
backwards  and  to  one  side. 

Semispinalis  Di)iisi,  S'emi-spinnlia  erferniis, 
Trnnavei-'fo-Kpinulia  dorsi,  Semi-apinn'tus,  (Rio- 
Ian),  Tranaverao-apinnl,  (F.)  Dcmi-cpincnx  du 
doa,  Trnnaveraaire-epinenx  dn  doa.  This  muscle 
arises  from  the  transverse  processes  of  the  se- 
venth, eighth,  ninth,  and  tenth  dorsal  vertebrte, 
by  as  many  distinct  tendons,  which  soon  grow 
fleshy  ;  and  tlien  again  become  tendinous,  and 
are  inserted  into  the  spinous  processes  of  the 
sixth  or  seventh  uppermost  dorsal,  and  two  low- 
est cervical  vertebrue,  by  as  many  tendons.  Its 
action  is,  to  extend  the  spine  obliquely  backwards. 
Semispinalis  Externur,  Semi-spinalis  dorsi — 
8.  Interniis,  Transversalis  dorsi  —  s.  Spinatus, 
Longissiinus  dorsi,  Semi-spinalis  dorsi. 

SEMISPINATUS  COLLI,  Semispinalis  colli. 
SEMIS'SIS,    Seniia.     The   half  of    a   pound, 
ounce,  drachm,  &c. 

SEMITENDINO'SUS,  Semi-nervo'aua,  (F.)  fa- 
chio-creti-tibidi,  lachio-prftihinl,  (Ch.)  Demilen- 
dineux,  Dnminerveiix.  This  muscle  is  situate  at 
<!ie  posterior  part  of  the  thigh.  It  extends 
obliquely,  downwards  and  inwards,  from  the  tu- 
berosity of  the  ischium  —  to  which  it  is  attached 
by  a  flat  tendon,  common  to  it  and  the  biceps  — 
as  far  iis  the  posterior  and  inner  part  of  the  tibia, 
to  which  it  is  attached  by  means  of  another  round 
tendon.  Its  fibres  are  commonly  interrupted  by 
an  aponeurosis.  Its  uaea  are  the  same  as  those 
of  the  seniiinembrnnosus. 

SEMITEHTIANA,  IIemitrita;a. 
REMIUNCIA.  Hemiuncion. 
SEMIVIR,  Eunuch. 
SEMIVIVUS,  Semianimis. 
SEM'OLA,    BULLOCK'S  ;   a  farinaceous   ar- 
ticle of  diet,   which   is  recommended  as  highly 
nutritious  and  easily  digestible,  consequently  well 
adapted  for  infants  and  invalids,  is  said  to  consist 
of  the  gluten  of  wheat,  with  a  small   proportion 
of  starch.     Semola  and  Semolina  resemble  each 
other  greatly.     They  appear,  indeed,  to  be  iden- 
tical. 

SEMOLI'NA,    Mnnnn    croup.     This    may   be 
made  by  grinding  wheat  in  an  apparatus,  sepa- 
rating the"  flour  from  the  middlings,  dressing  the 
53 


latter  four  diDTcrent  times  in  a  bolting  mill,  and 
sifting  through  parchment  sieves,  until  the  pro- 
duct is  perfectly  freed  from  bran.  In  Poland,  it 
is  called  Cracoic  ijroata. 

Semolina  is  generally  imported  into  England 
from  the  lialtic,  and  in  Russia  is  said  to  be  man- 
ufactured from  buckwheat.  It  has  a  granular 
form  like  some  kinds  of  oatmeal,  a  dingy  while 
colour,  a  farinaceous,  somewhat  insipid,  tnstc, 
and  is  well  adapted  for  the  diet  of  children  afi'ect- 
ed  with  derangement  of  the  bowels.  A  recent 
analysis  makes  it  consist  of  the  gluten  of  wheat 
with  a  certain  proportion  of  the  starch,  part  of 
the  latter  having  been  removed. 
SEMPERVIVUM  ACRE,  Sedura. 
Sempeuvivum  Tkcto'rvm,  .S'.  mojua  sou  feeto'- 
runi  ;  from  semper,  'always,'  and  vivo,  '1  live,' 
because  always  green,  Aizoiin,  BeinhaUileu,  Buph- 
thnlmiia,  Barhn  Jovia,  Agrioain'ara,  Amiia- 
clidhara,  Ch lyaoaper'mnm,  Houae-Leek,  Sengieoi, 
Feiea,  Foneta,  (Prov.)  Cyphel,  Jupiiter'a  lieurd, 
(F.)  Joiiharhe  dea  toita.  The  leaves  have  a  mild, 
subacid  austerity,  and  are  often  applied  to  bruises 
and  old  ulcers. 

SEMUDA,  Betula. 
SEMUNCIA,  Hemiuncion. 
SENA,  Cassia  senna. 

SENE,  Cassia  senna  —  a.  d'Amerirpie,  Cassia 
Marilandica— «.  Fiiitx,  Colutea — a.  Indigene,  Co- 
lutca — a.  dea  Prea,  Gratiola  ofiicinalis. 

SENEBIERA  CORONOPUS,  Cochlearia  co- 
ronopus. 

SENECA  OIL,  Petroleum,  (New  York.) 
SENE'CIO,  S.  vnlgn'ria,  from  aenex,  '  an  old 
man,'  in  allusion  to  the  grayish  down  on  many 
species  ;  Erig"er\im,  C<>rt<don,  Erigeron,  Ground- 
ael,  Fireweed,  (Sc.)  Gronndie  Sivallow,  (F.)  Sene- 
voji  comnnni.  Ord.  Compositae.  Sejc.  Sijat.  Syn- 
genesia  Polygamia  Superflua.  A  common  plant 
in  Europe  f  frequently  applied,  bruised,  to  in- 
flammations and  ulcers,  as  refrigerant  and  anti- 
scorbutic. 

Sene'cio  Au'nEDS,  Golden  ragtceed,  Wild  vn- 
le'rian.  Life  rout,  Sqtiaio  root  ;  indigenous.  Is 
an  excitant,  diaphoretic,  and  diuretic.  The  drie<l 
plant  is  used  in  decoction  ;  —  ,^ss  to  Oj  of  water. 
Senecio  IIiERAciFOLii'S,  Ercchthites  hieraci- 
folius. 

Senecio  Jacobs 'a,  Jacohm'a,  St.  James's  Wort, 
RogiDort,  (Sc.)  Bnnwede,  Weebo,  (F.)  Jacobf.e. 
The  leaves  have  a  roughish,  bitter,  subacid,  and 
extremely  nauseous  taste.  A  decoction  has  been 
used  in  dysentery.  A  poultice  of  the  leaves  has 
been  recommended  in  rheumatic  aflections  ;  and 
a  decoction  of  the  root  has  often  been  employed 
in  cases  of  wounds  and  bruises. 
SEN  Eg  ON  CO  MM  UN,  Senecio. 
SENECTA,  Senectus. 

Senec'ta  An'guium.     The  east  skin  of  a  ser- 
pent.    A  decoction  of  it  is  said  to  cure  deafness  ! 
Senecta  Decuepita,  Decrepitude — s.  Extre- 
ma.  Decrepitude  —  s.  Summa,  Decrepitude  —  s. 
Ultima,  Decrepitude. 

SENECTUS,    Senec'ta,   from    senex,   'an  ohl 
man  ;'  Gems,  Se'niuni,  ^tas  seni'lia  seu  provec'tti 
seu  nuihi.  Old  age,  Senil'iti/,  (F.)   Vielleaae.      The 
last  period  of  life,  commencing,  according  to  some, 
at  6()  years  of  age, — according  to  M.  Flourens  at 
70, — but  varying  according  to  numerous  circum- 
stances.    It  is  characterized  by  progressive  dimi- 
nution of  the  physical  and  moral  faculties 
Senecti'S  Ultima,  Decrepitude. 
SENEGA,  Polygala  senega. 
SEN'EGAL,    GUM,    Gnmmi    Senegalen'al   seu 
Sen'ecn  seu  Sen'ega  seu  Sen'ica.     The  exudation 
from   Aca'cia   seu  Mimo'aa   Senegal.  —  Ord.  Le- 
guminosoe.     Sex.    Si/st.    Polygamia   Monceciji  — 
which  grows  in  the  country  of  Africa  through 


SENEGINE 


834 


SEPTiEMIA 


which  the  river  Senegal  runs.     It  is  in  lonse  or 
jiingle  driips.  much   larger  than   gum   Arabic,  or 
the  gum  which  exudes  from  tlie  cherry  tree  ;  and 
is  much  more  difficult  of  solution  than  the  former. 
SENEGINE,  see  Polygala  senega. 
SENEORAIN,  Trigonella  foenuui. 
SENEKA,  Polygala  senega. 
SENEVE,  Sinapis. 
SENGREEN,  Sempervivura  tectorum. 
SENILE,   Seni'lis,  from  sene.v,   'an  old  man.' 
llelating  or  belonging  to  old  ago:  —  as  'senile 
delirium  ;'  dotage. 

SENILITY,  Senectus. 

SENNA,  Cassia  senna — s.  Alexandrina,  Cassia 
senna — s.  American,  Cassia  Marilandica — s.  Blad- 
der, Colutea  arboreseens — s.  Essence  of,  prepared, 
Selway's,  see  Infusum  sennas  compositum  —  s. 
Uermanica,  Colutea — s.  Italiea,  Cassia  senna — s. 
Prairie,  Cassia  chamaecrista — s.  Wild,  Cassia  cha- 
majcrista,  Cassia  Marilandica. 
SENS,  Sense  —  s.  Genital,  Appetite,  venereal. 
SENSA'TION,  Senna'tio,  from  sentirc,  scnstnn, 
'  to  feel ;'  jEHthe'ma.  The  consciousness  or  cog- 
nisance by  the  brain  of  an  impression  caused  by 
an  external  body  on  the  organs  of  the  senses.  (F.) 
Sentiment.  It  is  not  necessarily,  however,  eon- 
tined  to  bodies  external  to  us ;  for  we  can  receive 
an  impression  by  touching  any  part  of  our  own 
body.  The  body  which  communicates  the  im- 
pressions needs  but  to  be  e.xternal  to  the  part  im- 
pressed. Sensations  are  divided  into  external, 
internal,  and  morbid.  The  external  are  commu- 
nicated by  the  five  organs  of  the  senses.  The 
internal  are  such  as  occur  within  the  body,  and 
arise  from  some  alteration  in  the  function  of  the 
part,  for  the  time  being.  Hunger  and  thirst  are 
internal  sensations,  as  well  as  all  the  natural 
wants.  Morbid  sensations  may  be  either  inter- 
nal or  external.  Ohjec'tive  sensations  are  pro- 
duced by  impressions  on  the  peripheral  nerves  ; 
as  in  vision,  audition,  &c.  Snhjec'tive  sensations, 
are  such  as  originate  centrically,  or  in  the  ence- 
phalon, — as  tinnitus  aurium. 
SENSATIONAL,  Sentient. 

SENSE,  SensHS,  Sen'sio,  JEstlie'sis,  (F.)  Sens. 
Same  etymon  as  Sensation.  A  faculty,  possessed 
by  animals,  of  appreciating  impressions  from  ex- 
ternal objects.  The  senses  are  five  in  number ; 
sight,  hearing,  smell,  taste,  and  touch.  Of  these, 
the  first  two  and  the  last  administer  more  to  the 
intellect:  and,  hence,  have  been  called  by  some, 
the  iiitellectnal  senses  /  the  other  two  seem  more 
destined  for  the  nutrition  of  the  body  :  and, 
hence,  have  been  termed  corporeal  or  nutritive 
senses.  Other  senses  have  been  suggested  —  as 
the  intense  sensation  experienced  during  the  ve- 
nereal act ;  a  sense  of  heat  and  cold  ;  a  muscular 
sense,  a  common  sense  or  coenassthesis,  Ac. 

Sexsrs,  Nervous  System  of  the.  Medulla 
oblongata. 

SENSIBILITAS,  Sensibility— s.  Anomala.  see 
Irritable  —  s.  Aucta,  see  Irritable  —  s.  Morbosa, 
see  Irritable. 

SENSIBIL'ITY,  SensihiVitas.  Same  etymon 
as  Sensation  ;  jEHthe'ma.  The  faculty  of  receiv- 
ing and  transmitting  impressions,  and  having  the 
consciousness  of  them.  It  thus  includes  three 
.secondary  properties,  impressibility,  (F.)  inipres- 
aionabilite,  transmiasibility,  and  perceptibility. 
Bichat  defines  it  as  the  property  possessed  by 
living  bodies,  of  receiving  impressions,  whether 
the  individual  be  conscious  of  them  or  not.  In 
the  former  case,  where  conscious,  he  calls  the  sen- 
sibility animal :  in  the  latter,  where  not,  he  terms 
it  organic.  This  last  is  eomtnon  to  vegetables 
and  animals,  and  presides  over  nutrition,  absorp- 
tion, exhalation,  secretion,  &c.     The  other  does 


not  exist  in  vegetables:  it  is  the  origin  of  the 
sensations — olfaction,  vision,  gustation,  audilitm, 
thirst,  hunger,  jiain,  &c.  There  are  few  parts  of 
the  animal  body,  hut  what  are  sensible  —  if  not 
in  health — in  disease.  The  free  extremities  of  the 
hair  and  nails,  and  the  epidermis,  are  not  so.  See 
Insensibility. 

SENSIFEROUS,  Sentient. 
SENSIO,  Sense. 
SENSITOKIUM.  Scnsorium. 
SENSOKI-VOLIT"IONAL.     A  term  applied 
to  nervous  fibres  which  pass  to  and  from  the  ce- 
rebro-spinal  axis,  and  are  respectively  concerned 
in  sensation  and  volition. 

SENSO'KIAL,  Sentient. 

Sensorial  Power,  according  to  Dr.  Wilson 
Philip,  is  composed  of  the  two  functions  of  sen- 
sation and  volition.  Dr.  Darwin  included  in  it 
the  power  of  muscular  contraction  ;  but  it  ought 
not  to  be  extended  to  acts  in  which  there  is  not 
consciousness. 

SENSO'RIUM,  S.  cornmn'ne,  Or'yanon  senso'- 
rinm  internum,  Sensito'rinm,  Empo'rium  spiri- 
tiium,  JEsthete'rion,  Sen'sory.  Same  etymon.  The 
common  centre  of  sensations. 

SENSORY,  Sensorium,  Sentient. 

Sen'sory  Gang'lia.  A  name  given  by  Dr. 
Carpenter  to  a  series  of  ganglionic  masses  at  the 
base  of  the  brain,  which  are  in  direct  communi- 
cation with  the  nerves  of  sensation — as  i\\Q  olfac- 
tory, optic,  auditory,  and  gustatory. 

Sensory  Nerves,  Nerves  of  sensation,  are  so 
called  in  contradistinction  to  J/t/(»/- nerves.  There 
are  general  sensory  nerves  —  as  those  connected 
with  the  posterior  part  of  the  spinal  marrow,  and 
the  fifth  pair;  and  special  sensory,  as  those  of  the 
senses. 

SENSUS  ^GRITUDINIS,  Indisposition— s. 
Osmometricus,  Olfaction — s.  Perversus,  Pseudajs- 
thesia. 

SEN'TIENT,  Scn'tiens,  Sen'sory,  Ide'd<f'enom, 
Senso'rial,  Sensa'tional,  Sensif  erous.  Same  ety- 
mon.    Feeling,  causing  feeling. 

Sentient  Extremities  op  Nerves  are  their 
minute  terminations  in  the  organs. 

SENTINA,  Pituitary  gland. 

SENTIMENT,  see  Sensation. 

SEPARATO'RIUM.from  separare,  separatum, 
'to  separate.'  A  surgical  instrument,  for  sepa- 
rating the  pericranium  from  the  skull. 

A  Scp'aratory,  Vitrum  JJypoclep'licum,  is  a 
pharmaceutical  vessel  for  separating  fluids  of  dif- 
ferent densities  from  each  other. 

SEPEDOGENESIS,  Sepcdonogencsis. 

SEPEDON.  Putrefaction.  ^ 

SEPEDONODES,  Putrid.  ^ 

SEPEDONOGEN'ESIS,  Sepedogen'esis,  from 
criTiitiiv,  '  putrescency,'  and  ycvtais,  'generation.' 
A  septic  disposition  or  tendency ;  such  as  is  met 
with  in  typhus  gravior. 

SEPES,  Sa'pes,  'a  hedge,'  'a  row;'  as  Sepes 
seu  Se'ries  seu  Pecten  den'tium  : — a  row  of  teeth. 

Sepes  Dentiiim,  see  Sepes. 

SEPHIRUS,  Scleriasis. 

SE'PIA,  o-fjTTia,  S.  officina'lis,  Se'pium,  Cultle- 
FisJi,  (Sc.)  Hose-Fish,  Slieve-Fish,  (F.)  Siclte. 
Class  Cephalopoda.  The  osseous  part  of  the 
cuttle-fish  ;  (F.)  Os  de  Secke — Prtecip'ilans  matj'- 
num — has  been  used  as  an  absorbent,  and  is  often 
added  to  tooth-powders. 

SEPLASIA'RIUS.  A  name  formerly  given  to 
one  who  sold  perfumes,  ointments,  Ac.  It  is 
derived  from  Scplusia,  the  name  of  a  public  place 
at  Capua,  where  such  preparations  were  fre- 
quently sold.     A  druggist. 

SEPSICIIYMIA,  Septochymia. 

SEPSIS,  Putrefaction. 

SEPT-:E'MIA;  from  o-ijTrof,  'rotten,'  and  'aiya, 


SEPTAL 


835 


SERPENTARIA 


'blood.'  A  morbid  condition  of  the  blood  pro- 
duced by  septic  or  putrid  matters. 

SEPTAL,  Septa'lis,  from  Septum.  Relatin}^, 
or  appertaining  to,  a  septum  :  as  '  septal  walls 
of  the  heart'  —  those  that  separate  the  cavities 
from  each  other. 

SEPTAN  A  FEBRIS,  Fever,  septan. 

SEP'TENARY,  Sej^tena'riwi,  (F.)  Sept^iinire, 
from  septem,  'seven.'  'Consisting  of  seven.' 
The  sei)tenary  years  of  the  old  believers  in  criti- 
cal periods  were  times  at  which,  it  was  supposed, 
important  changes  might  be  expected  to  take 
jilace.  The  grand  climacteric  was  fixed  at  6.3, 
and  it  was  considered  that  if  a  person  passed  that 
age,  he  had  well-founded  expectations  that  his 
life  might  be  protracted  to  90. 

SEPTENNIAD,  Climacteric,  (years.) 

SEPTERIUS,  Septic. 

SEPTFOIL,  UPRIGHT,  Tormentilla. 

SEPTIC,  Sep'ticus,  Septus,  Septeriui>,  from 
ari:reiv,  'to  rot,'  arfKTOi,  'rotten.'  That  which  pro- 
duces putrefaction.  A  substance  which  corrodes 
and  disorganizes  the  soft  parts  without  causing 
much  pain. 

SuPTic  Poison,  see  Poison. 

SEPTICtEMIA,  SeptEemia. 

SEPTIMESTRIS  FOETUS,  see  Foetus  septi- 
me.'tris. 

SEPTINERVIA,  Plantago. 

SEPTOCIIYM'IA,  Sepsiclnpn'in;  from  a^^n, 
'putrefaction,'  and  x^'l'°i>  'juice.'  Putrefaction 
or  putrescenoy  of  the  humours. 

SEPTON,  Azote. 

SEPTOPYRA,  Typhus  gravior. 

SEPT'ULUM;  diniinutive  of  8c^)?i(?7j.  A  divi- 
sion between  small  spaces  or  cavities  —  as  the 
septula  or  fibrous  cords  given  off  by  the  medias- 
tinum testis  to  be  inserted  into  the  inner  surface 
of  the  tunica  albuginea. 

SEPTUM,  (F.)  Cloison,  'a  partition,'  from 
Bcpio,  septum,  '  I  fence  in.'  A  part  destined  to 
separate  two  cavities  from  each  other,  or  to  di- 
vide a  principal  cavity  into  several  secondary 
cavities. 

These  septa  are  numerous  in  the  human  body. 
The  chief  are  the  following: — 

Septum  Atrio'rcm,  «S'.  Auricula' run).  The 
septum  or  partition  between  the  auricles  of  the 
lieart. 

Srptum  Auricularum,  S.  Atrioruin — s.  Cere- 
bclli,  Falx  cerebelli — s.  Cerebri,  Falx  cerebri — s. 
Cochlcfe  auditoriifi.  Lamina  spiralis. 

Rei'ti'm  Cordis,  Septum  me'dium  cordis.  The 
p!irtiti(m  vrhich  separates  the  two  ventricles  of 
We  heart. 

Septum  Encephali,  Tentorium. 

Septum  Lu'cidum  aeu  peHn'cidum  sen  teu'ue  et 
pelluridum  seu  me'dium,  Spec'ulnm,  S.  Iiicidum, 
Lapis  specula'ris,  j\fediasti'uum  seu  Diaphror/iua 
veiitricufo'ruin  latera'lium  cer'ehri,  (F.)  Septum 
vifdian  (Ch.),  Cloison  trausparente.  The  soft 
portion  or  medullary  substance,  which  separates 
the  two  lateral  ventricles  of  the  brain  from  each 
other.  This  septum  is  composed  of  two  lamina; ; 
botween  which  a  small  cavity  exists,  filled  by  a 
serous  fluid,  ventric'ulus  septi  pcllu'eidi,  see  Ven- 
tricles of  the  Brain.  The  brothers  Wenzel  are 
of  opinion  that  this  cavity  is  lined  by  a  peculiar 
membrane. 

SEPTUM  MEDIAN,  S.  lueidum— ».  Median 
dit  rervelef,  Falx  cerebelli — s.  Medium  cerebri,  S. 
lueidum. 

Septi'M  Na'RTUM.  Tuterspptum  SOU  Dlssepimen'- 
tum  seu  fiiter/i'uium  seu  Pi»eri'men  seu  Imhi-ex 
.seu  Diophrai/'ma  nd'rium.  {¥.)  CInison  des  FoKurs 
iiasaies.  The  partition  between  the  nares.  It  is 
formed  bv  the  vomer,  the  perpendicular  plate  of 
the  ethmoiil  bone,  and  a  cartilage  of  a  trianrular 
shape.     These   parts    are  lined  by  the  pituitary 


membrane,  which  receives  a  considerable  number 
of  nerves  and  vessels. 

Septum  Nasi,  see  Nares. 

Septum  Parvum  Occipitale,  Falx  cerebelli— 
s.  Pcctiniforme,  see  Cavernous  bodies  — s.  Pellu- 
cidum,  S.  Lueidum— s.  Scala>,  Lamina  spiralis — 
8.  Slaphyliu,  Velum  pendulum  palati  —  s.  Tenue 
et  pellucidum,  S.  lueidum— s.  Thoracis,  Medias- 
tinum—  s.  Transverse,  Tentorium  —  s.  Transver- 
sum.  Diaphragm — s.  Vestibuli  nervoso-membra- 
naceum,  see  Labyrinth. 

SEPTUS,  Septicus. 

SEPUM,  Sevum. 

SEQUES'TRUM,  "the  depositing  of  a  dis- 
puted thing  in  the  hands  of  a  third  person  !" 
The  portion  of  bone,  in  necrosis,  which  is  dead, 
and  separated  from  the  living  bone;  acting, 
whilst  retained,  as  an  extraneous  body.  When 
the  sequestrum  is  superficial  and  small,  it  is 
called  E.rf(ilia'tion.  The  portion  of  bone  sur- 
rounding it  is  the  Cap'sula  sequestra' I  is. 

SERAPEUM,  Syrup. 

SERAPINON,  Sagapenum. 

SERAPIUM,  Syrup. 

SERBET,  Seherbet. 

SEREUX,  Serous. 

SE'RICO-CARPUS  TORTIFO'LIUS,  Cony'za 
hi/olia'ta.  Aster  tortifo'lius  ;  indigenous;  Order, 
Compositas  :  is  said  to  be  diuretic. 

SER'ICUM,  Silk;  from  &-/•<■«- the  Thibetans 
probably  —  from  whom  it  was  first  obtained. 
(F.)  Soie.  The  thread  spun  by  the  Bomhy.v 
Mori  or  Silkwonn.  Silk  is  used  by  surgeons  for 
ligatures,  &c. 

Skricum  Anglicum,  see  Sparadrapura  adhasi- 
vum. 

SERIES  DENTIUM,  see  Sepes. 

SERIEUX,  Serious. 

SERINGUE,  Syringe. 

SERIOLA,  Cichorium  intybus. 

SE'RIOUS,  Serius.  (F.)  Serieu,r,  Grave.  A 
term  applied  to  a  disease,  Dyspathi'a,  Murlms 
f/ravis,  and  to  a  symptom  that  is  attended  with 
danger. 

SERIS,  Cichorium  intybus. 

SERMOUNTAIN,  La^erpitium  album. 

SERO-COLITIS,  see  Colitis. 

SERO-CYSTIC.  Sero-eyst'icus.  An  epithet  for 
tumours  of  the  female  breast,  which  consist,  in 
the  first  stage,  of  one  or  more  membranous  cysts, 
produced  perhaps  by  dilatation  of  portions  of  the 
lactiferous  tubes. 

SERO-HEPATITIS,  see  Hepatitis. 

SER'OLIN,  from  serum  and  olein.  A  peculiar 
fatty  matter  detected  in  the  blood  by  Boudet, 
Leoanu,  Sanson,  and  others. 

SEROSITE,  Serum. 

SEROSITY.  Serum. 

SEROUS,  Sero'sus,  (F.)  Sereitx ;  from  serum. 
Thin  ;  watery.  Relating  to  the  most  watery 
portion  of  animal  fluids,  or  to  membranes  that 
secrete  them.     See  Serum. 

Serous  Layer,  see  Taehe  emhryonnaire  —  s. 
Membranes,  Membranes,  serous. 

SEHPEDO,  Psoriasis. 

SERPENT,  Serpeus.  Auguis,  Opliia ;  from 
serpn,  '  I  creep.'     A  snake. 

Snake  Broth  was,  at  one  time,  recommended 
as  »  restorative. 

Many  serpents  are  venomous  :  and  the  bites  of 
some  fatal.     See  Poisons,  table  of. 

SERPEXTAIRE  XOIRE,  Acta-a  racemosa 
—  s.  Rouqe.  Po'vgiinuni  bistorta. 

SERPENTARIA.  Aristolochia  serpen taria—s. 
flalloruin.  Arum  dracuncu'us  —  s.  Hispanica, 
Scorzonera — s.  Minor.  Arum  irtaculatum — s.  Ni- 
gra, Actaea  racemosa. 


SEUPEXTARI.E 


83G 


SESAMOID 


SERPEXTARI^E  BRAZILIENSIS  RADIX, 
Caincae  radix. 

SEKPKNTIN,  see  Alembic. 
SERPENTINE,  Ophites. 
SERPENTINUS,  Ophites. 
SERPES.  Herpes. 

SERPIG"INOUS,    from   serpere,    'to   creep.' 
An    epithet   given    to    certain    iiifections,  which 
creep,  as  it  were,  from  one  pnrt  to  another, — '  Ser- 
pif/iiioiin  erysipelas,'   (F.)  £rt/sipele  serpighieiix. 
SERPIGO,  Herpes  circinatus,  Lichen  psoriasis. 
SKRPILLUM,  Thymus  serpyllum. 
^EliPOLET,  Thymus  serpyllum. 
SERPULLUM,  Thymus  serpyllum. 
SERPYLLUM,  Thymus  serpyllum  — s.  Citra- 
tuin,  see  Thymus  serpyllum. 

SERRA.  Saw  —  s.  Amputatoria,  Saw,  amputa- 
tion —  s.  Versiitilis,  Trepan. 

SERKAT'ULA  AMA'RA,  from  serro.  'a  saw,' 
owing  to  its  serrated  leaves.  Fnnnlij,  Cynaroce- 
phaleas.  Sex.  Si/nf.  Syngenesia  Polygamia  aequa- 
lis.  A  species  of  >S''iiowo)7,  recommended  in  ague. 
Serratiti^a  Buhen,  Centaurea  behen. 
SERRATUS,  Dentate— s.  Anticus  Minor,  Pec- 
toralis  minor. 

Si',i!F!a'tus  Magnus.  So  called  from  its  ser- 
rated appearance  ;  from  semi,  '  a  saw.'  Serrattis 
major  (tiiti'cna,  S.m'tjiir,{F.)  Casto-hdii-scapulaire, 
CoKfo-Kcnpiddire  (Ch.),  Grand  dentele.  A  very 
broad  (especially  anteriorly),  thin, flat, irregularly 
qiia.diiliiteral  muscle,  situiite  at  the  sides  of  the  tho- 
rax. It  is  attached,  before,  to  the  external  surface 
of  the  first  8  or  9  ribs,  by  as  many  distinct  digita- 
tions  :  and,  behind,  to  the  spinal  edge  of  the  scapula. 
The  superior  fibres  are  almost  horizontal  ;  the 
lower  become  gradually  more  and  more  oblique 
upwards  and  backwiirds.  This  muscle  carries 
the  scapula  forwards,  and  causes  it  to  execute  a 
movement  of  rotation,  which  directs  its  inferior 
angle  forwards,  and  the  anterior  upwards.  When 
the  shoulder  is  fixed,  it  raises  the  ribs. 

Srrrati's  Major.  Serratus  magnus — s.  Major 
anticus,  Serratus  magnus. 

SicuRATUs  PosTi'ci'S  Inferiok,  (E.)  DorHO- 
Jombo-ciiKt<il,  Loiiiho-costal  (Ch.),  Petit  deiitele 
pnsterictir  et  hifcrieur.  A  V)r()ader  and  thinner 
muscle  than  the  following,  but  nearly  of  the 
same  shape.  It  is  situate  obliquely  at  the  lower 
part  of  the  back  ;  and  extends  from  the  spinous 
processes  of  the  last  two  or  three  dorsal  vertebrae, 
and  the  first  two  or  three  lumbar,  to  the  inferior 
margin  of  the  last  four  false  ribs.  This  muscle 
depresses  the  ribs,  and  thus  concurs  in  expiration. 
It  is  an  antagonist  to  the  next. 

Skruatus  PoSTi'cus  Supe'rior,  (F.)  Cervici- 
dorso-poslal,  Dorso-coHtal,  (Ch.)  Petit  dentele  sii- 
perieiir.  A  flat,  thin,  quadrilateral  muscle; 
situate  obliquely  at  the  posterior  inferior  part  of 
the  neck,  and  the  superior  part  of  the  back.  It 
passes  from  the  posterior  cervical  ligament,  the 
spinous  process  of  the  last  cervical  vertebra ; 
from  the  spinous  processes  of  the  first  two  or 
three  dorsal,  to  the  second,  third,  fourth,  and 
fifth  ribs  ;  into  which  it  is  inserted  by  as  many 
digitiitions.  It  raises  the  ribs,  and  is,  conse- 
quently, an  inspiratory  muscle. 

SERRE-A  R  TERE,  PresKc-arth-e. 
SERRE-COU  (F.).  from  serrer,  'to  squeeze,' 
and  coil,  'the  neck.'  An  instrument,  invented  by 
Ohabert,  for  compressing  the  jugular  vein,  in 
bleeding  from  that  vessel.  It  surrounds  the  neck 
like  a  collar,  and,  by  means  of  a  pad,  exerts  the 
necessnry  pressure. 

SERRE-FISE.  (F.),  from  nerrer,  'to  squeeze,' 
and  /?".  'fine.'  A  small  spring  forceps,  invented 
by  M.  Videl.  It  is  formed  of  a  wire  of  metal, 
turned  in  the  middle  into  tivo  sjiirals,  one  in  front 
of  the  other.  This  constitute.s  the  spring.  Each 
branch  describes  nearly  the  letter  Sj  and  one  ex- 


tremity forms  the  spiral,  the  other  lays  hold  of 
the  parts  to  be  united. 

SERRE-N(EUD  {¥.),  from  serrer,  'to  squeeze,' 
and  nvcnd,  'a  knot.'  This  name  hag  been  given 
to  variims  instruments,  employed  by  the  surgeon 
for  tightening  a  ligature  passed  round  a  pcdicu- 
lated  tumour,  or  any  part  which  has  to  be  de- 
stroyed by  ligature  slowly  and  gradually.  Thus, 
there  is  the  serre-tiaiid  of  Roderic,  the  coiinlric- 
teur  of  Ilerbinaux,  the  serre-ucpiid  of  Desault,  <<c. 
SEEUE  AlEUD  DE  DESCHAMPS,  Frew- 
arte  re. 

SEPTULA  CAMPANA,  Trifolium  melilotus. 
SERUM,  Sperm. 

Serum,  'whey.'  Orrhos,  Oroa,  Scros'ili/,  (F.) 
Sirosite.  The  most  watery  portion  of  aniiiiiil 
fluids,  exhaled  by  serous  membranes.  It  is  a 
constituent  part  of  blood,  milk,  Ac. 

Sehum  of  the  Iji.ood,  Hce.'nn/dor,  Orrhnu, 
Scrinii  sen  Ichor  nan'i/iiitiia,  (F.)  Serum  dit  Son;/, 
is  the  liquid  which  sejjarates  from  the  blood,  wlun 
coagulated  at  rest.  It  is  of  a  greenish-yellow 
colour;  viscid,  slightly  coagulable  by  heat,  acids, 
and  alcohol.  It  is  composed  of  water;  chloride 
of  sodium;  certain  phosphates;  and  albumen, 
constantly  united  to  soda,  almost  in  a  sapona- 
ceous combination. 

The  fluid  which  exudes  from  the  albumen  of 
the  serum  of  the  blood,  when  coagulated  by  heat, 
is  by  some  called  eeron'ity. 

S^RUM  DU  SANG,  S.  of  the  blood. 
Serum  Lactis,  Aqua  Lactin ;  Serum  of  Mill-, 
Whey,  (Prov.)  IF/nV/.  (F.)  Senim  dn  lait,  Petit 
lait.  That  part  of  milk  from  which  the  butter  and 
caseotis  matter  have  been  separated.  It  is  a 
transparent,  citrine-coloured  liquid,  containing 
sugar  of  milk,  mucilage,  acetic  acid,  phosphate 
of  lime,  and  some  otlier  saline  substances.  It 
is  used  as  a  slightly  nutritious  diluent  and  refri- 
gerant. The  French  have  magistral  formula', 
the  basis  of  which  is  whey.  They  are  called 
I  Petlta-hiilH,  or  'wheys.' 

Serum  Lactis  Hopfman'ni,  (F.)  Petit-hiit 
d' Ifojfiiiaiui,  is  a  name  given  to  the  liquid  re- 
sulting from  treating  with  boiling  water  milk 
which  has  been  evaporated  to  an  almost  solid 
consistence.     It  is  not  much  used. 

Re>nkt  VA'hey  is  made  thus:  milk  2  pints; 
rennet  ,^ss,  infused  in  a  little  hot  water;  mix  and 
keep  in  a  gentle  heat  for  some  hours,  then  strain. 
— Gray. 

Sehum  Sangitinis,  Serum  of  the  blood. 
Serum  of  Serous  Mkmbraxes,  Serum  mem- 
hrnnnriim  eeroxn'rum,  Water  of  Dropsy,  (F.) 
Scrum  dea  mcmhrnnes  aireuaea,  Emi  dea  hydro- 
piquea.  It  resembles  the  serum  of  the  blood, — 
especially  in  cases  of  hydrocele.  The  water  of 
bydrothorax  and  ascites  contains  much  loss  al- 
bumen :  —  sometimes  enough  to  coagulate  on  the 
application  of  heat:  at  others,  not. 

SERVICE,  MOUNTAIN,  Sorbus  acuparia. 
Service  Tree,  Sorbus  domcstica. 
SERVIETTE  EN  CARRE,  Couvrechef 
SESAME,  Sesamum  orientale. 
SES'AMOID,   Seaanio'i'dea,    Seanmn'dea,    Sean- 
moide.na,  from  ariaaitrj,  'a  grain  of  sesarauui,'  and 
eiiof,  '  resemblance.' 

Sesamoid  Bones,  Oaan  sen  Oaaic'ida  aeaamoi- 
dea,  are  small  bones,  situate  in  the  substance  of 
tendons,  near  certain  joints.  Their  number  is 
various.  They  are  commonly  more  in  the  male 
than  female.  Two  are  constantly  met  with  be- 
neath the  metatarso-phalangal  articulations  of 
the  great  toe.  Sometimes,  the  articulations  of 
other  bones  of  the  metatarsus  with  the  pha- 
langes of  the  toes  have  them  likewise.  In  the 
hand,  there  are  tvpo  before  the  mctacarpo-pha- 
langal  joint  of  the  thumb.     At  times,  they  are 


S  E  S  A  M  U  M 


83  7 


SHAMROCK,    INDIAN 


met  with  in  the  other  metacarpo-phalangal  aiti- 
culatioMs.  OcHisionally,  nvo  exist  behind  the 
oon.lylfi,  „f  the  femur,  in  the  tendons  of  the 
Kiistrocncmii  muscles.  A  considerable  os  sesa- 
inoiJeum  i«  also  met  with  in  the  tendon  of  the 
peronaeus  longus.  These  bones  are  commonly 
round,  and  flattened  only  on  one  surface,  which 
13  incrusted  with  cartilage.  Their  size  is  very 
variable,  according  to  the  joints  in  which  they 
e.\ist.  Traces  of  sesamoid  bones  are  not  ob- 
served in  infiints:  in  thcin,  they  are  replaced  by 
emnil,  cartilaginous  concretions.  They  are  de- 
veloped by  a  single  point  of  ossification  :  and 
are,  like  the  patella  (which  is  a  true  sesamoid 
bone,)  composed  of  much  cellular  substance, 
covered  by  a  thin  layer  of  compact  tissue.  The 
!(««  of  these  bones  is,— to  allow  the  tendon  to  be 
inserted  into  the  lever  at  a  greater  angle;  and 
thus  enable  the  power  to  act  more  advanta- 
geously. 

Hiolan  has  given  the  name  Oesa  aeaamoulea  to 
two  bony  points  sometimes  met  with  ;  — the  one 
at  the  outer  side  of  the  carotid  canal  of  the  tem- 
poral bone;  and  the  other  at  the  edge  of  the 
cavernous  sinus,  at  the  side  of  the  internal  caro- 
tid artery. 
SESA.MUM,  see  Sesamum  orientale. 
Sks'amiim  OniKNTA'Lf:,  S.  crlu'le  sen  oletf'crum 
Feu  hi'dlcnn,  fieiiiie,  0!ty  Grahi,  (F.)  Sesame, 
Jiif/eoline.  0((/.  Bignoniace*.  The  seeds  of  this 
African  plant  are  cultivated  in  Georgia  and  South 
Carolin.a.  where  the  negroes  use  them  with  Indian 
corn  as  an  article  of  food.  They  yield  a  larger 
liroportion  of  oil  than  any  other  vegetable;  one 
hundred  weight  producing  ninety  pounds  of  oil, 
which  is,  at  least,  equal  to  Florence  oil. 

nciiiie  oil,  Oleum  Sea'xmt,  is  used  in  the  South- 
ern States  as  a  la.xative.  The  leaves  — Sesnmi 
J'l/i'i,  (Ph.  U.  S.) — afford,  by  infusion,  an  excel- 
lent iniioilago. 

SPJSCUN'CIA,  SSeiquiitn'crn,  Hemiul'ion.  An 
ounce  and  a  half.     See  Sesqui. 

SE.SELI,  Laserpitium  siler  —  s.  ^gopodium, 
Ligusticum  podagraria— s.  Annuum,  S.  tortuo- 
KUin  —  s.  Carum.  Caruin  —  s.  Carvi,  Carura  —  s. 
Crcticum,  Tordylium  officinale  —  s.  Foeniculifo- 
liuni,  Sison  ammi — s.  Graveolens,  Apium  grave- 
olens  — s.  Meuin,  ^Ethusa  meum  —  s.  Patens,  S. 
tortuosum  —  s.  Pratcnse.  Pcucedanum  silaus  —  «. 
den  Pifit,  Peueedanum  silaus. 

Ses'kli  ToRTro'suM,  .S".  Mtissilien'iie  seu  an'- 
viiiim  seu  pnteiin,  (Eiuiii'lhe  striti'ta  ri<j"ida, 
Itnrlicort  of  J/arxeHlei.  The  seeds  have  a  warm 
t;iste:  and  a  greater  degree  of  pungency  than 
those  of  Laserpitium  siler,  which  is  the  Scseli  of 
the  PharniacopaMas. 

PESEIJS,  liiiserpitium  siler,  Seseli. 
SESQUr.     This  word,  joined  with  any  nura- 
her,  weight,  measure,   &c.,  signifies    one    and  a 
half:  as  Kenqiiir/rntiiim,  'a  grain  and  a  half.' 
SEi^QUirNCTA,  Sescuncia. 
SETA    EQUI'NA,    'horse-hair.'      Hainoorm, 
Ilelmhi'lhm  (jor'dii.     A  kind   of  worm,  found  in 
stiiguant    water,  from    4    to  6  inches    long,  and 
twisted  into  various   knots   and  contortions;  co- 
lour   pale-brown,   with    dark    extremities.     It  is 
common   in    the    intestines    of   the    Laplanders; 
c:iusing    the    Co/'icrt    Lappnn'icn,  in  which    the 
gripings  are,  at  times,  exceedingly  severe. 

SETA'CEUM.  Seto,  Setou,  {vom  seta,  'a  bristle.' 
A  long  strip  of  fine  linen  or  cotton  twist,  passed 
through  the  skin  and  areolar  niembriinc,  to  keep 
lip  an  is.'Sue ;  or  through  suppurating  cavities, 
between  the  fragments  of  fractured  bones,  Ac., 
to  fulfil  certain  indications.  The  term  is,  also, 
Applied  to  the  issue  so  established.  The  opera- 
tion is  simple.  It  consists  in  laying  hold  of  a 
fold  of  skin,  and  passing  a  seton-needle  through 
it,  with  the  thread  attached.     Every  day  a  fresh 


portion  of  the  thread  is  drawn  through  tlie  sore. 
Setons  are  established  in  many  di.seases ;  — in 
obstinate  ophthalmia,  cephalalgia;  epilepsy, 
thoracic  and  abdominal  aflections,  &c. ;  but  they 
are  not  as  much  used  as  formerly 

SETARIA  KOCCELLA,  Lichen  roceella. 

SETFAST,  see  Furunculus. 

SETO,  Setaceum. 

SETON,  Setaceum. 

SETTEllWORT,  Ilelleborus  foetidus. 

SEVADILLA,  Veratrum  sabadilla. 

SEVATIO,  Steatoma. 

S^VE,  Sap. 

SEVENBARK,  Hydrangea  arborescens. 

SEVKAGE,  Weaning. 

SEVUM,  Pinguedo. 

Sevum,  Sebum,  Sepum,  Stear,  Adeps  ovU'U, 
Sevum  verveci'num.  Suet,  mutton  suet;  Pin- 
guedo. 

Sevum  Pn^ePAHA'Tusr,  Sevum  (Ph.  U.  S.),— 
Ovil'li  Sevum  Prtepara'tutti,  Prejxired  Suet, 
(F.)  Graiane  de  Moulon,  Suif,  is  formed  by 
cutting  suet  in  pieces;  melting  over  a  slow  fire, 
and  straining  through  linen.  It  is  emollient, 
and  is  sometimes  boiled  in  milk  (^^ij  to  Oj), 
and  is  used  in  diarrhoea  and  dysentery.  Its 
principal  employment  is  in  the  "formation  of 
plasters. 

Skvum  VfinvKciNUM,  Sevum. 

SEX,  Sejrtis,  Genoa,  Pliysia.  The  physical 
difference  between  male  and  female  in  animals 
and  vegetables:  — as  the  M<de  sex,  Se.rus  jx/tior 
seu  for'linr  seu  viri'tU ;  and  the  Female  aex, 
Sexna  seq'uior,  S.  mulie'bris,  Alter  Sexus,  '  The 
Se.r.' 

SEXTANS,  from  sextus,  'the  sixth;'  Sexta 
para  lihra;.  The  sixth  part  of  a  pound.— Galen. 
SEXTA'RIHS.  Same  etymon.  An  ancient 
measure  for  liquid  and  soiid  substances;  the 
sixth  part  of  a  congius.  See  AVeights  and  Mea- 
sures. 

SEX'TULA.  Same  etymon.  Hexa'yium,  'tfa- 
yiov.     The  sixth  part  of  an  ounce. 

SEX'UAL,  Sexua'lla,  from  aexua,  'sex.'  That 
which  relates  to  the  sex ;  which  characterizes  the 
se.x. 

Sexual  Diseases,  Morhi  sexua'Iea,  are  the  dis- 
eases of  the  genital  organs;  as  Sexual  Func- 
tions are  the  genital  functions. 

Sexual  IiNtebcoukse,  Coition — s.  Organs, 
Genital  organs. 

SEXUS,  Sex  —  s.  Alter,  see  Sex  —  s.  Fortior, 
see  Sex  —  s.  Muliebris,  see  Sex  —  s.  Potior,  see 
Sex  —  s.  Sequior,  see  Sex  —  s.  Virilis,  see  Sex. 
SEYDSCIIUTZ  WATER,  SeidschUtz  water. 
SHACKLE,  Carpus. 

SHACKLE-HAMMED,  see  Cnemoscoliosis. 
SHADDOCK.  The  fruit  of  Clirua  decu'mana, 
called  after  the  captain  of  a  vessel  who  first  took 
it  to  the  West  Indies  from  China.  It  is  large; 
but  inferior  to  the  orange  in  flavour.  It  keeps, 
however,  longer;  and,  hence,  is  useful  on  long 
voyages. 

SHAKERS,  see  Convuhionnaire. 
SHAKES,  Intermittent. 
SHAKING,  Intermittent,  see  Rigor. 
SHALLOT,  Echalotte. 

SHAMPOOING,  Champoohi//,  Massing,  (F.) 
Maaaafje,  Masaemeut.  A  Hindoo  process,  which 
consists  in  pressing  the  body  of  the  bather  in  a 
peculiar  manner;  cracking  the  various  joints, 
and  employing  blows  and  friction. 

'Kneading'  consists  in  pressing  alternately 
upon  a  part  of  the  body  to  arouse  the  muscles  to 
more  energetic  action.  It  is  employed  at  times 
in  dyspepsia. 

SHAMROCK,  INDIAN,  Trillium  latifolium— 
s.  Water,  Menyanthes  verna. 


SIIANKER 


83  8 


SICCIIASIA 


SHANKER,  Chaucre. 

SHANNONDALE  SALINE  SPRINGS. 
Tlu'se  arc  within  a  few  miles  of  Charlestown, 
Jefferson  County,  Virginia.  They  are  mildly 
aperient  and  diuretic. 

SHARON  SPRINGS,  NEW  YORK.  These 
springs,  which  are  situate  about  10  or  12  miles 
south  of  Canajoharie,  N.  Y.,  and  45  miles  west 
of  Albany,  are  much  frequented.  They  contain, 
according  to  the  analysis  of  Dr.  Chilton,  sulphate 
of  magnesia,  sulphate  of  lime,  chloride  of  sodium, 
chloride  of  miignesium,  sulphohydrate  of  sodium, 
sulphohydratc  of  calcium,  vegetable  extractive 
matter,  and  free  sulphohydric  acid  gas.  Their 
temperature  is  48°  Fahr. 
SilEATII,  Vagina. 

SHEDDING  OF  THE  TEETH,  see  Dentition. 
SHEEP  POISON,  Kalmia  latifolia. 
SIIELLBARK,  see  Hickory.' 
SHELL    FLOWER,    Trillium    latifolium  —  s. 
Liquid,  see  Calcis  murias  —  s.  Membrane,  Mem- 
brana  testse. 

SHEPHERD'S    PURSE,   Thlaspi   bursa  — s. 
Sun  diiil,  Anagallis  arvensis. 

SHERBET,  Scherbet— s.  Orange,  see  Syrupus 
aurantii. 

SHERMAN'S  WORM  LOZENGES,  see  Worm 
lozonses,  Sherman's. 

SHERRY.  Snck.  see  Wine. 
SHIELD-BONE,  Scapula. 
SHIELD,  WATER,  Nelumbium  luteum. 
SHILDER,  Humerus. 

SHIN,  O'cien,  Oristn  tih'icB.  Sax.  rcina.     The 
spine  or  anterior  part  of  the  tibia  or  leg.     It  is, 
also,  called  AnU'eue'mion,  and  Crea. 
SHINBONE,  Tibia. 
SHINGLES,  Herpes  zoster. 
SHINLEAP,  Pyroln. 
SHINLOCK,  Brassica  eruca. 
SHIP  FEVKR,  see  Typlius. 
SHITABED.  Leontodon  taraxacum. 
SHIVERING,  see  Rigor. 
SHOCK,  see  Concussion. 

Shock,   Nbrvous,   Vital  ShoA;    Vital  Depres- 
sion, Nernoit9  Depression,  Fatal  Sinking.    Sudden 
or  instantaneous  depression  of  organic,  nervous, 
or  vital  power,  often  with  more  or  less  perturba- 
tion of  body  and  mind,  passing  either  into  reac- 
tion, or   into   fatal    sinking,  occasioned    by    the 
nature,   severity   or  extent  of  injury,  or  by  an 
overwhelming  moral  calamity. — Copland. 
Shock,  Vital,  Shock,  nervous. 
SHOOT,  Crick-inthe-ncck. 
SHORT,  Sax.  )-ceopr,  from  rcipan,  'to  cut,  to 
shear,'  shored,  shor'd,  short,  (F.)  Court.     A  word 
used,  by  anatomists,   in  opposition   to  long;  and 
to  distinguish   parts    from  each  other  that  have 
otherwise  the  same  name. 

Short  Bonbs,  for  example,  are  those  in  which 
the  three  dimensions— length,  breadth,  and  thick- 
ness—  are  nearly  alike  ;  such  are  the  vertebrae, 
bones  of  the  carpus,  tarsus,  &c. 

Shoiit-of-Puff,  Short-winded  —  s.  Ribs,  see 
Costa. 

SHORTSIGHTED,  Mvopic. 
SHORTSIGHTEDNESS,  Myopia. 
SHORTWINDED,  Pursy. 
SHOTBUSH,  Aralia  spinosa. 
SHOTT,  Pleurodynia. 

SHOULDER,  Humerus  — s.  Blade,  Scapula— 
E.  Bone.  Humerus. 
SHOUP.  Haunch. 

SHOVEL  PICKEREL  WEED,  Unisema  del- 
tifoliii  —  s.  Pond,  Unisema  deltifolia. 
SHOW,  see  P:irturi(ion. 
SHOW-CHOO.  see  Spirit. 
SHOWER-BATH,  see  Bath. 
SHRUB,  perhaps,  from  Arabic,  «^arn6. 'syrup.' 
A  compound  of  spirits,  lemon-juice,  and  sugar. 


Shrib,  Sweet, Calycanlhus — s.  Sweet-scented, 
Calycanthus. 

SHRUMP-SHOULDERED,  sec  Hump. 
SHUD'DERING,  Frcm'itns,  I'hryag'nia,  from 
(G.)  Schauder,  Schauer,  (F.)  Fremissemenl, 
Tressaillement.  A  peculiar  sensation,  felt  either 
externally  or  internally;  and  which  seems  to  be 
the  result  of  a  spasmodic  movement  of  tlie  parts 
in  which  it  occurs.  A  sliglit  feeling  of  culd 
sometimes  accompanies  it.  It  is,  at  times,  the 
result  of  a  moral  cause,  and  is  often  the  precur- 
sor of  shivering. 

SHULL-BANE,  Humerus. 
SHUMAC,  Rhus  coriaria. 
SIAGANTRI'TIS,    from    aiayiav,   'the    jaw,' 
avrpov,  'a   cavitj','  and  itis,  denoting  infliniiiiiii- 
tion.     Inflammation  of  the  lining  membrane  of 
the  antrum  of  Highmore. 
SI  AGON,  Maxillary  bone. 
SIAGO'NAGRA,  from   aiayiDv,  'the  jaw,'  and 
aypa,  '  a  seizure.'    Arthri'lis  majilln' ris.    A  gouty 
or  rheumatic  affection  of  the  joint  of  the  lower 
jaw. 

SIALACHUS,  Salivation. 

SIAL'AGOGUE,  Sialago'gns,  SinUogngne,  Ply- 
al'agoi/ne,  Ptijas'niagogne,  Sali'vans,  Satlva'tniii, 
Sialocinet'icus,  Apophlegmat'isans  per  os,  (F.) 
Salivant ;  from  cuCKom,  'saliva,'  and  ayw,  '  I  ex- 
pel.' That  which  provokes  the  secretion  of 
saliva.  Pyrethrum  and  mercury  are  sialogogups. 
Sialagogucs  may  be  of  two  kinds,  those  which 
act  through  the  circulation,  and  those  which  act 
immediately  on  the  salivary  organs.  Mercury 
belongs  to  the  former,  —  pyrethrum  to  the  latter 
class.  The  chief  sialagogues  are  armoracin, 
calamus,  mezereum,  pyrethrum,  tabacum,  and 
zingiber. 

SIAL'ICA,  from    <na\ov,  'saliva.'     Medicines, 
which  affect  the  salivary  glands. — Pereira. 
SIALISMUS,  Salivation. 
SIALOUINETICUS,  Sialagogue. 
SIALOLITH  I,  Calculi,  salivary. 
SIALOLOG"IA,    from    BXa\ov,    'saliva,'    and 
\oyoi;,  'a  discourse.'     A  treatise  on  saliva. 
SIALOMA.  Saliva. 
SIALON,  Saliva. 
SIALORRHffiA,  Salivation. 
SIALOS'CHESIS,  from   eiaXov,  'saliva,'  and 
tsX'^nic.,  '  retention.'     Retention  or  suppression  of 
the  saliva. 

SIALOSYRINGES,  Salivary  fistuLnp. 
SIALOZEMIA,    Salivation  —  s.    Mercurialis, 
Salivation,  mercurial. 

SIAMESE  TWINS,  see  Twins,  Siamese. 
SIBARE,  Phrenitis. 

SIBBENS,  Sivvens,  Framlce'sia  Sco'tica.  An 
infectious  disease  in  the  mountainous  parts  of 
Scotland,  viewed  to  be  of  the  venereal  kind. 
Siicin,  in  the  Keltic,  means  raspberry;  and  it  is 
said  that,  in  this  affection,  fungi  appear  like  rasp- 
berries. From  siwin,  the  inhabitants  have  made 
aierin,  sihhen,  sibbens,  and  sivvens.  By  some, 
this  affection  is  regarde<i  as  a  complication  of  the 
venereal  and  itch.  In  the  Orkneys,  sibbens  means 
itch.  —  .lamieson. 

SIB'ILANT,  Sih'ihia,  Sih'ilans,  from  sibilo,'l 
hiss.  I  whistle.'  Making  a  hissing  or  whistling 
sound.     See  Bale  sibilant. 

SIBILISMUS  AURIUM,  Tinnitus  aurium. 
SIBILUS  AURIUM,  Tinnitus  aurium. 
SICCAN'TIA,  from  siccare,  '  to  dry.'    Xeran'- 
tica,    (F.)    Siccati/s.      Drying    medicines.      See 
Desiccativa. 

SrCCA  TIFS.  Siccantia. 
SICCATIO,  Drying. 

SICCHA'SIA,  aiKxaaia.  'disgust.'  A  distress- 
ing disgust  for  food;  such  as  is  experienced  by 
women  with  child. 


SICILICUM 


839 


SILEXE   CRASSIFOLIA 


SICTL'TCUM.  A  Roman  weight  of  about  two 
drHcliriii<. 

.SICK,  Snx.  reOC,  ^f/er,  AJr/fo'hm,  Xoa'eron, 
NiiHii'deH,  JricciiH,  Ldhoiio'nun,  Labo'rnii",  (F.) 
Midnde.  Labouring  under  ditJease;  BisctH'ed, 
DiMleiii'pered,  III,  Ai/iiit/,  Dinor'dered.  Such  is 
its  a(;ceptation  in  old  English,  and  generally  in 
the  United  States.  In  mo.-t  piirts  of  the  United 
States,  if  a  patient  is  iiffected  with  a  sli^'lit  indis- 
position, he  is  said  to  bo  sick ;  if  with  one  more 
severe,  he  is  said  to  be  ill ;  (Prov.)  bad.  hiidh/. 
In  En;,Mand,  it  most  commonly  means, — affected 
with  disorder  of  the  stomach,  or  nausea. 

A  sick  person,  yEt/e);  yEc/ro'fKa.  (F.)  Miihide, 
who  is  under  the  charge  of  a  physician  is  said  to 
be  a.  p'ltleiit,  or  the  patient  of  the  physician.  At 
times,  but  rarely,  patient  is  used  for  a  sick  per- 
son in  the  abstract. 

f^icK  Stomach,  Milk  sickness. 

SICKLY,  Morbii'sim,  Vulnfiidina'iiiiii,  Adt/n'- 
nt'iii,  Nonnc'eroH,  Nnso'des,  Morbose,  Mor'bideitt, 
Uidie.dth'y.  (Se.)  Hnwjh,  (F.)  Mfd„d!f.  Subject  to 
be  sick,  or  in  feel)le  health.     Ailing. 

;5fCK\ESS,  Disease,  Plague  —  s.  Falling. 
Epilepsy  ^s.  Mountain,  Puna — s.  River,  Milk 
sickiie.-s — s.  Sea,  Nausea  uiarina  —  s.  of  the  Sto- 
mach, Vomiting  —  s.  Swamp,  Milk  sickness. 

SICLIUM,  Sicilicum. 

STCIIA.  Cupping-glass. 

SICULA,  Beta,  Penis. 

SICYEDON.  Caulcdon. 

SIDA  ABUTILON.  Abutilon  Avicennjc. 

SIDE,  PAIiN  IN  THE.  Pleurodynia. 

SIDERA'TIO,  Si/dern'ti„,  Sldern'tlon,  from 
i!diis,iilden's,  'a  star;'  because  the  condition  was 
thought  to  be  produced  by  the  influence  of  the 
stars.  The  state  of  one  struck  suddenly,  without 
apparent  cause,  and  as  if  by  the  influence  of  the 
stars  or  planets — Planetstnick.  The  ancients 
comprised  under  this  name,  different  morbid 
conditions,  such  as  paralysis,  apoplexy,  and  gan- 
grene. 

SiDKRATio,  Apoplexy,  Asphyxia,  Phrenitis  — 
£.  Oy?is,  Spina  ventosa. 

SIDERATION,  Astrobolismos.  Sideratio. 

SIDEUrOX,  Ferramentum. 

SIDERITES,  Magnet. 

SIDERITIS.  Magnet.  Teucrium  chamaepitys. 

SIUEROKRENyE,  Water,  mineral,  (chaly- 
beate.) 

SIDEROPEa^,  Water,  mineral  (chalybeate). 

SIDKROS,  Ferrum. 

SIDEROXYLON,  Chrysophyllum  eainito. 

SrUE-SADDLE-PLANT,  Sarracenia. 

SIDHEE,  see  (Junjah. 

SIDMOUTII  (CLIMATE  OF).  Sidmouth  is 
in  Uevonshire,  England,  on  the  sea-beach,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Sid.  It  is  much  frequented  by 
invalids,  both  during  the  summer  and  winter. 
The  climate  is,  however,  damp,  and  subject  to 
sea -fogs. 

SriJGE.  Anus. 

SIELISMOS,  Salivation. 

SIELON,  Saliva. 

SIEVE,  see  Cribration  —  s.  Drum,  see  Cribra- 
tion. 

SIFFLEMENT  {^.),  from  siffler,  'to  whistle.' 
Whistling. 

STFFLEMEXT  MODULE,  Cho,,t  de»  artirei,. 
Bruit  miixicnl,  'modulated  whistling,  or  music  of 
the  arteries.'  A  kind  of  sound  heard  on  auscul- 
tation, resembling,  at  times,  the  humming  of  cer- 
tain insects.  Various  musical  sounds,  (F.)  Bruits 
tiiKnicnitt,  are  described  from  fancied  resem- 
blances : — as  Hriiit  dc  piindrmei)t,rof:cmh]\ns  the 
clu<'king  of  the  hen;  —  /Iriiit  dp  jnppement.  re- 
sembling the  barking  or  yelping  of  a  young 
dog,  <tc.  I 


The  sound  is  chiefly  met  with  in  those  labour- 
ing under  chlorosis. 

SIGAULTIAN  SECTION,  Symphyseotomy. 

SIGE,  Taciturnity. 

SKiH,  Suspirium. 

SIGHT,  Vision  —  s.  Askew,  Dysopia  lateralis 
—  s.  False,  Metamorphopsia,  Pseudoblepsia  —  s. 
Feebleness  of,  Amblyopia. 

SIGILLUM  SALAMONIS,  Convallaria  poly- 
gonatum — s.  Virginitatis,  Hymen. 

SIGMATOID,  Sigmoid. 

SIG;\I0ID,  Siijiiiiiid'al,  Stg'mafoid,  Sigmo'i'den, 
Siffiiio'dee,  Sit/moi'deiis ;  from  eigma  and  fiiioc. 
'  resemblance.'  That  which  has  the  form  of  the 
Greek  S  or  C. 

SiGMoin  Cartilagrs,  Semilunar  cartilages. 

Sigmoid  Cavitirs  or  Foss^  of  the  Ul.va,  (F.) 

Ciiriten  ou   Foiies  nif/mo'idfis,  are  two  notches  at 

j  the  upper  part  of  that  bone, — one  for  the  recej)- 

tion  of  the  humerus;    the  other  for  that  of  the 

radius. 

Sigmoid  Flexure  of  the  Colon,  Flexn'ra 
xit/iiifii'dea  sou  ili'ara,  is  a  turn  the  colon  takes 
immediately  before  its  termination  in  the  rectum. 

Sigmoid  Fossa  (of  the  temporal  bone),  Fossa 
sigmoidea. 

Sigmoid  or  Sbmilitnar  Valvks,  ValvidfB  Sli/- 
nimdrn.  Proven' KHS  Siymo'i'dcx,  (F.)  Valridcs  sirj- 
noiden  ou  neiin'lKimircs,  are  three  valvular  fold.-, 
at  the  commencement  of  the  pulmonary  artery 
and  aorta.  These  valves  have  the  form  of  a 
crescent,  when  applied  against  the  parietes  of 
the  vessel.  V.Hien  the  blood  is  sent  from  the 
ventricles  by  their  contraction,  the  valves  are 
applied  against  the  sides  of  the  vessel;  but, 
during  the  diastole  of  the  ventricle,  they  are  de- 
pressed, and  prevent  the  blood  from  returning  to 
the  heart.  At  the  middle  of  the  convexity  of 
each  valve  is  a  small,  hard,  triangular  granulun', 
called  Cnrpun'cidiiDi  seu  Glob' uliin  Aro\i'tii,  which 
completely  closes  up  the  passage.  It  is,  also, 
called  Corptturnhnn  Mi)rtjagn'ii  and  C.  Sesamo'i- 
deitm,  (F.)  Globule  d'Araulius. 

SIGN,  Sigiiinii,  Senii'oti,  {¥.)  Signe.  Any 
present  or  past  circumstance,  afforded  by  the  ex- 
amination of  a  patient,  or  of  matters  concerning 
him,  whence  a  conclusion  may  be  drawn  regar<!- 
ing  the  nature  and  seat  of  his  disease.  The  phe- 
nomena which  precede  the  disease  are  called  a>i- 
niiDies'fic  or  commem'orntire  nigins  ; — those  which 
accompany  it  are  termed  diognoH'tic,  if  they 
reveal  the  nature  or  seat  of  the  disease,- — prog, 
jion'tic,  when  they  indicate  its  probable  duration 
and  termination.    See  Symptom. 

STGNA  ASSTDENTIA,  see  As.=idens. 

SIG'NATURE,  Signntu'rn,  SIgito'fio,  from 
nigntiiii,  '  a  sign  ;'  EpiKphngism'on.  This  term 
was  applied  in  the  Eastern  countries,  in  the 
middle  ages,  to  mystic  characters  of  good  or  bad 
augury,  with  which  it  was  pretended  that  every 
one  was  marked  by  the  star  under  which  he  was 
born. 

Signatures  of  Plants  meant  certain  peculia- 
rities in  their  external  formation  or  colour,  which 
indicated  that  they  were  adapted  for  particular 
diseases: — as  in  the  case  of  the  Lungicort,  Liver- 
wort. <fec. 

SIGNES  AVANT-COUREUR!?.  Precursory 
signs — «.  Precvrseiiri,  Precursory  signs. 

SIGNUM,  see  Parturition  —  s.  Charncteristi- 
cum,  see  Pathognomonic  —  s.  Conjunctum,  see 
Pathognomonic — s.  Dincriticum,  see  Diacritiea 
signa  —  s.  Morbi  essentiale,  see  Pathognomonic. 

SILACH,  Silac.  An  Arabic  word,  used  to 
designate  thickening  of  the  eyelids,  Crnsi>it''ici 
Pnlpebra'riim  ;  and,  also.  Alopecia.  —  Forestu.-. 
Stephanus. 

STLEXCE.  see  l\rurmnr,  respiraforv. 

SILENE  CRASSIFOLIA,  Cucubalus  behen— 


SILER  LANCIFOLIUM 


840 


SINGULTOUS 


s,  Iiiflata,  Cucubalus  behea  —  s.  Thorei,  Cucuba- 
liis  behen. 

Silk'nr  VirGIN'ica,  Ground  Pink,  Wild  Pink, 
('■itch  Fli/.  Ord.  Caryopliyllaceie.  The  root 
lias  been  employed  in  decoction,  as  an  efiBcacious 
antlielinintic. 

SiLKNE  Pennsylvan'ica  probably  has  the  same 
Itroperties. 

SILER  LAlSrCIFOLTUM,  Laserpitium  siler 
—  r.  Montanuui,  Laserpitium  siler. 

SIL'IQUA,  Cei-n'tion  ;  the  carat.  A  weight 
of  about  four  grains.     A  pod. 

SiLiQUA  AiiABicA,  Tamarindus  —  s.  Araci  aro- 
niatici,  see  Vanilla  —  s.  Banilhe,  see  Vanilla  —  s. 
Dulcis,  Ceratoniura  silimia — s.  Vanigliae,  see  Va- 
nilla—  s.  Vanilliae.  see  Vanilla. 

SILIQUASTRUM  PLINII.Capsicum  annuum. 
SILK,  Serieuin. 

SILK  GRASS,  Yucca  filamentosa  — s.  Weed, 
Aselepias  SuUivantii,  Asclopias  tuberosa — s.  Weed, 
ciiiunion,  Aselepias  Syriaca  —  s.  Weed,  flesh-co- 
loured, Aselepias  incarnata  —  s.  Weed,  swamp, 
Aselepias  incarnata  —  s.  Worm,  see  Sericum. 

SfLLON,  Sulcus  —  s.  Jlorizontnl  de  la  veine 
t>mbilic<(le,  see  Liver  —  ».  Transvema/e,  see  Liver 
—  s.  de  la  Veine  cove  in/erieur,  see  Liver  —  s.  de 
III   Veine  pnrle,  see  Liver. 

SfL L  ONNEMENT,  Segmentation. 
SILO,  Camus. 
SILPIIIUM,  Laserpitium. 

Sh.I'h'iiim  Laciniatum,  Rimn  weed,  Compass 
phint,  I'oliir  plant. 

Sll.PHlUM  Perfoma'tum,  Cnj)  Plant,  Turpen- 
tine Sun  Flower,  and 

SlLPHKIAf  TKItKBINTniNA'CEtIM,  Pra'irie  Buv- 
doflc  ;  Nat.  Order,  Cumpositw ;  indigenous  in 
Ohio  and  Michigan,  and  flowering  from  July  to 
September;  yield  a  fragrant  gum  which  is  es- 
teemed stimulant  and  antispasmodic. 
SILURUS  ULANIS,  see  Ichthyocolla. 
SILIIS,  Camus. 

SILVKR,  Argentiim — s,  Ammonio-chloride  of, 
see  Argentum — s.  Chloride  of,  see  Argentuin  — 
s.  Chloruret  of,  see  Argentum — s.  Cyanide  of,  see 
.Argentuin  —  s.  Cyanuret  of,  see  ."Argentum  —  s. 
Iodide  of,  see  Argentum  —  s.  loduret  of,  see  Ar- 
gentuin. 

Silver  Leaf,  Magnolia  macrophylla. 
SiLVKU,  Muriate  op,  see  Argentum — s.  Nitrate 
of,  Argeiiti  nitras  —  s.  Oxide  of,  see  Argentum. 

Silver  and  Ammonia,  Chloride  of,  see  Ar- 
gentum—  s.  and  Ammonia,  chloruret  of,  see  Ar- 
gentum—  s.  and  Soda,  Hyposulphite  of,  Sodae  et 
argenti  hyposulpliis. 

SILYBUM.  Cnrduus  marianns — s.  Maculatum, 
Carduus  marianus  —  s.  Marianum,  Carduus  ma- 
rianus.v 

SIMA'BA  CEDRON.  Nat.  Fam.  Simarubnceje. 
A  South  American  tree,  the  seeds  of  which  — 
cedron  seeds  —  have  been  used  as  an  antidote  for 
snake-bites.  They  have,  also,  been  proposed  in 
niental  diseases  and  in  epilepsy.  The  scrapings 
of  the  wood  have  been  used  as  a  substitute  for 
sulphate  of  quinia. 

Simaba  Qi'ASSTOinES,  Nima  quassioides. 
SIMAROUBA,  Quassia  simarouba— s.  Bitter, 
Quassia  simnrouba — s.  Faux,  Malpighia  mourella. 
SIMARUB.\,  Quassia  simarouba. 
SiMARi'BA  Opfkmnalis,  Quassia  simarouba. 
SIMILATIO,  Assimilation. 
SIMITIUM,  Plumbi  subcarbonas. 
SIMO.  Camus. 

SIMONEA  FOLLICULORUM,  Acarus  folli- 
culorum. 

STMOTRACHELUS,  Bysauehen. 
SIMPLKR'S  JOY,  Verbena  hastata. 
SI.VIPLES.     Medicinal  herbs.     One  skilled  in 
eimples  is  called  a  Simplist,  a  lihizot'ouust. 


SIMPLIST,  see  Simples. 

SIMULATED  DISEASES,  Feigned  discaseg. 

SIM UL ATI  MORBI,  Feigned  di.-eascs. 

SIMUS,  Camus. 

SINA  LEVANTICA,  Artemisia  santoniea. 

SINAPELjE'ON,  from  <rii'oirt,  '  mustard,' and 
iXaiav,  'oil.'     Oil  impregnated  with  mustard. 

SINAPI,  Sinapis. 

SINA'PIS,  iS.  nir/ra  scu  cer'nua  seu  Olive- 
ria'na.  Bras' slcn  nii/ro,  Napns,  Erii'en,  Sina'jie, 
Sina'pi,  Sine'pi,  Na'pinm,  Na]>i/,  Common  lilack 
Mnsfurd,  (F.)  MoOtarde  noire  ou  (/rise,  Sfnevf, 
Sanve.  Ord.  CruoiferiB.  Se.r.  Stjst.  Tetrndyna- 
mia  Siliquosa.  The  seeds  are  inodorous,  when 
entire  ;  but,  when  bruised,  the  colour  is  very  pun- 
gent; taste  bitterish  and  acrid.  They  yield  their 
virtues  to  water,  and  afford  a  bland  oil  by  expres- 
sion. The  seeds  are  stimulant,  diuretic,  emetic, 
and  rubefacient.  They  are  sometimes  rec(mi- 
mended  to  be  swallowed  whole,  in  djspepsia,  tor- 
por of  the  bowels,  <fec.  Externally,  they  are  ap- 
plied in  the  form  of  cataplasm.     See  Sinapism. 

SiNAl'ls  Alba,  S.folio'sa,  Bonannia  offieinn'lia, 
Napns  Lenco-sina'pis,  White  Ulnstard,  is  also  used 
medicinally.  It  is  somewhat  less  pungent  than 
the  black.  The  distilled  oW— Oleum  Sinapis— is 
a  powerful  stimulant  and  rubefacient.  In  the 
pharmacopoeias  of  the  United  States  and  London, 
Sinapis  is  the  seeds  of  Sinapis  nigra  and  Sinapis 
alba. 

Whitehead's  Essence  of  3fnstnrd  consists  of  oil 
of  turpentine,  camphor,  and  a  portion  o(  spirit  of 
Roseman/  :  to  which  is  added  a  small  quantity 
of  flour  of  mustard.  It  is  a  celebrated  embroca- 
tion for  rheumatism,  &c. 

Whitehead's  Essence  of  Mustard  Pills  consist 
of  yellow  resin  and  balsam  of  tolu  enough  to 
make  into  pills. 

Mustard  Whey  is  made  by  taking  bruised  mns. 
tard  seeds  ^ss,  and  jnilkO).  Boil  together  until 
the  milk  is  curdled,  and  strain. 
This  whey  is  used  in  dropsy. 
Sl.NAPis  Arven'sis,  S.  Timoria'na,  Charlock, 
Wild  Mustard,  Garlock,  Chadloch,  Runsh,  (Sc.) 
Punches,  Scaldricks,  Skelloch.  Skellie.  The  seeds 
are  sometimes  substituted  for  black  mustard. 

Sinapis  Crr'nita,  Sinapis  —  s.  Eruca,  Brassica 
eruca — s.  Foliosa,  S.  alba — s.  Nigra,  see  Sinapis 
alba  —  s.  Oliveriana,  Sinapis  —  s.  Tamoriana,  S. 
arvensis  —  s.  Tuberosa,  Brassica  rapa. 
STNAPTSTS,  Bole  Armenian. 
SIN'APISM,  Sinapis'7nns,  from  sinapis,  'mus- 
tard.' A  cataplasm,  of  which  mustard  forms  the 
basis,  which  is  used  for  exciting  redness,  and 
acting  as  a  counter-irritant.  It  is  prepared  by 
mixing  flour  of  mustard  and  vinegar  together  to 
the  due  consistence.     See  Cataplasma  sinapis. 

SIN'CIPUT,  Sinrip'ital  Region,  Syn'ciput, 
Hemicephala'nm.  The  French  use  it  synony- 
mously with  vertex,  Mesocra'nium,  Mesocrn'num. 
By  some,  it  is  applied  to  the  frontal  region  or  fore- 
part, or  forehalf  of  the  cranium,  Hemicephal'inm, . 
Hemiceph'alum.  The  parietal  bones  have  been 
called  sincipital  hones,  Ossa  stncip'itis,  (F.)  Os 
du  sinciput. 

SIN  DON,  aivfiuiv,  very  fine  linen.  A  small 
piece  of  rag,  or  round  pledget,  supported  by  a 
thread  at  the  middle,  and  introduced  into  the 
openincrin  the  cranium  made  by  the  trephine. 

SINKPI.  Sinapis. 

SINEW.  Tendon. 

SINGLETON'S  GOLDEN  OINTMENT  is 
formed  n{  sidphuret  of  arsenic  (realgar,)  and  lard 
or  spermaceti  ointment. 

SINGULT'OUS,  Lyrpno'dcs.  Lyr/o'des,  Lynrjo'. 
des,  Lyni/go'des,  (F.)  Sinf/ulteu.r.  from  singultus, 
'hiccough.'  Relating  to  or  affected  with  hio- 
cough. 


SINGULTUS 


841 


SINUS 


STNOUL'TUS,  Lynx,  Li/r/muii,  Spaimoli/r/'miifi, 
Cloniin  sen  /'iieiiHiv  aint/ul'tiiH,  l/iccoiir/h.  Hiccup, 
(Prov.)  Heuh-M,  Yoke,  (Se.)  Enkin,  Ee^kln,  (F.) 
HiiqiKt.  A  noise  made  l)y  the  sudden  and  in- 
voUiiitary  contraction  of  the  diaphragm,  and  the 
simultaneous  contraction  of  the  glottis,  which 
nrrefts  the  air  in  the  trachea.  It  is  a  symptom 
of  many  morbid  conditions,  and  especially  of 
{jan^rene,  but  occurs,  frequently,  in  persons 
otherwise  in  good  health. 

SIN'ISTRAD,  from  alnhtcr,  'to  the  left  hand.' 
A  term  used  by  Dr.  Barclay,  adverbially,  to  sig- 
uify  '  towards  the  sinistral  aspect.'     See  Mesial. 

SINISTRAL  ASPECT,  see  xMesial. 

SINKIN(J,  FATAL,  Shock,  nervous. 

S/Nl/EUX,  Sinuous. 

SINUOSITAS,  Sinus. 

SIN'UOUS,  Sinno'nuii,  (F.)  Si'iMiettjr,  from  ainiiH, 
'a  bay  or  curve.'  An  epithet  given  to  certain 
ulcers,  and  especially  to  certain  fistulae,  which 
are  tortuous. 

SINUS,  SinKo'xitdS,  C<,lpo8,  Abscon'nio,  Enry- 
vhii'rid,  lifces'iiix,  (F.)  Gulfe,  'a  cavity.'  Any 
cavity,  the  interior  of  which  is  more  expanded 
than  the  entrance.  In  this  sense,  anatomists 
have  applied  the  term  to  cavities  in  certain  bones 
of  the  head  and  face.  It  has  been,  also,  applied 
to  certain  venous  canals,  into  which  a  number 
of  vessels  eraj)ty  themselves;  such  as  the  sinuses 
of  the  dura  mater  and  of  the  spine;  the  sinus  of 
the  vena  porta;  uterine  sinuses,  <fcc.; — and  to  the 
busorn. 

In  surgery,  it  means  a  long,  narrow,  hollow 
track,  leading  from  some  abscess,  diseased  bone, 
Ac.  (F.)  Clapler. 

V  Sinuses  of  bones  form  part  of  the  nasal  cavi- 
ties. They  are  the  frontal,  sphenoidal,  maxil- 
lary, <fec.  The  name  has  also  been  given,  occa- 
sionally, to  the  ethmoid  and  mastoid  cells. 

SiNt's  ActiSTiciis,  Auditory  canal,  internal — - 
s.  Anifiullaeeus,  Cavitas  elliptica  —  s.  Aortiei,  Si- 
nuses of  Valsalva — s.  Arteriosus,  S.  pulmonalis — 
s.  Basilar,  Sinus  transversus — e.  Coreruen.v,  Caver- 
nous sinus — s.  Cavernosi  uteri,  Sinus  uterini — s. 
Cavernosus,  Cavernous  sinus  —  s.  Cerebri,  Ven- 
tricles of  the  brain — ».  Choro'idien,  S.  quartus  — 
s.  Circular,  of  Ridley,  Sinus  coronarius  — ■  s.  Cir- 
cularis,  S.  coronarius  —  s.  Communis,  see  Semi- 
circular canals — «.  Coronaire  du  cwur,  see  Car- 
diac veins. 

SiNt'S  Corona'rius.  S^  circuln'n's  seu  circn- 
hi'ris  Rtd'leyi,  Circular  Hinus  of  Kidlei/,  Cor'onary 
aiiiiin.  A  venous  canal,  which  surrounds,  in  a 
more  or  less  regular  manner,  the  pituitary  fossa 
and  gland,  emptying  itself  into  the  corresponding 
cavernous  sinus  by  each  of  its  extremities. 

Sinus,  Cokonauy,  Sinus  coronarius  —  s.  Coro- 
nary of  the  heart.  Sinus  coronary,  venous. 

Sl.NUS  COROXARY,  VenoUS,  Coronciry  sinus  of 
the  heiirt.  A  name  given,  on  account  of  its  great 
size,  to  that  portion  of  the  great  coronary  vein 
which  embraces  the  left  auriculo-ventricular  fur- 
row. 

Sinus  Cox.«,  see  Cotyloid — ».  Z)ro)7,  S.  quartus. 

SlNTS  Dkxtkr  Cordis,  S.  venn'mm  nava'rnm 
seu  veno'sux,  Sacciis  venn'nim  cavit'nim.  The 
right  auricle  of  the  heart: — A'trium  cordis  dex- 
truin.     See  Auricula. 

SiNUSKS  OF  THE  DiiRA  Mater,  S.  seu  Fix'tulcB 
seu  Ciiviln'tes  seu  Ventric'idi  seu  Tn'bidi  seu 
SiiiK/iiiditc'tKS  seu  Receptor' ii!n  Dura  matris.  are 
fiirnied  by  a  separation  of  the  layers  of  the  dura 
mater,  which  acts  as  a  substitute  for  the  outer 
membrane  of  veins.  Bichat  admits  only  four 
great  sinuses,  of  which  all  the  others  seem  to  be 
dependencies;  —  the  two  lateml  sinuses,  the 
stroit/hl  sinus,  and  the  longitudinal  sinus.  To 
the  lateral  sinuses  belong.  —  the  jietrous  sinuses, 
superior  and  inferior;   the  transverse  sinus;  the 


cavernous  sinuses;  the  coronary  sinus,  and  the 
occipital  sinuses.  To  the  Straight  sinus  belongs 
Ihe  inferior  longitudinal.  The  longitudinal  sinus, 
properly  so  called,  has  no  sinus  under  its  depend- 
ence. 

Sinus  Falciformis  Inferior,  S.  longitudinal, 
inferior — s.  Falciformis  superior,  S.  longitudinal, 
superior — s.  Fourth,  Torcular  Herophili — s.  Gen» 
pituitarius.  Antrum  of  Highmore— s.  of  the  Jugu- 
lar vein,  see  Jugular  veins  —  s.  Laerymalis,  La- 
chrymal sac  —  s.  Lactiferus,  see  Lactiferous  ves- 
sels. 

Sinuses  of  the  Larynx,  Ventricles  of  the 
larynx. 

Sinuses,  Lat'erAL,  Sinus  transver'si,  S.  magni, 
i9.  lateru'les,  (F.)  Sinus  lateraux.  Each  of  these 
sinuses,  distinguished  into  right  and  left,  begins 
at  the  torcular  Herophili  or  confluence  of  the 
sinuses,  and  terminates  at  the  sinus  of  the  jugular 
vein.  ^ 

SINUS  LATERAUX,  Sinuses,  lateral. 

Sinuses,  Longitu'dinal,  S.  Longitudina'les. 
These  are  two  in  number.  L  Superior  Longi- 
tudinal Sinus,  S.  faleifor'rnis  superior  shu  trian- 
gula'ris.  Sinus  median,  (Ch.)  A  long,  triangular 
canal;  convex  above,  concave  below;  which  oc- 
cupies the  whole  of  the  upper  edge  of  the  falx 
cerebri.  It  is  broad  behind,  and  much  narrower 
before,  where  it  commences  by  a  cul-de-sac,  at 
the  crista  galli  of  the  ethmoid  bone.  It  passes 
along  the  frontal  or  coronal  crest,  sagittal  suture, 
and  the  vertical  groove  of  the  occipital  bone.  It 
receives  several  veins  from  the  dura  mater;  and 
all  those  that  are  spread  over  the  convex  and 
plain  surfaces  of  the  two  hemispheres  of  the 
brain.  It  discharges  itself  into  the  upper  part 
of  the  torcular  Ilorojihili.  2.  Inferior  Longi- 
tudinal SiNliS,  >S'.  falcifor' wis  inferior,  Vena 
fdcis  cer'ehri.  This  is  much  narrower  than  the 
last,  and  occupies  the  inferior  edge  of  the  falx 
cerebri,  from  its  anterior  third  to  the  tentorium 
cerebelli,  where  it  terminates,  commonly  by  two 
branches,  in  the  straight  sinus. 

Sinus  Magni,  Sinuses,  lateral  —  s.  Maxillary, 
Antrum  of  Highmore  — «.  Median,  Sinus  longi- 
tudinal superior  —  s.  Median,  see  Semicircular 
canals  —  s.  Muliebris,  Vagina. 

Sinus,  Oucip'ital,  Sinus  occipita'Us.  These 
sinuses  commence  at  the  sides  of  the  foramen 
magnum  ossis  occipitis,  and  ascend — becoming 
broader  and  nearer  each  other  — into  the  sub- 
stance of  the  falx  cerebelli,  where  they  frequently 
unite.  Each  opens  into  the  inferior  part  of  the 
torcular  Herophili.  They  receive  the  veins  of 
the  falx  cerebelli,  of  the  dura  mater  which  lines 
the  fossae  cerebelli,  and  of  the  posterior  part  of 
the  cerebellum.  Ilaller  and  Sommering  have 
given  them  the  name  o^  posterior  occipital  sinuses, 
to  distinguish  them  from  the  transverse  sinus, 
which  they  have  called  anterior  occipital  sinus. 

Sinus  Occiimtalis  Antkrior,  Sinus  transver- 
sus— s.  Ophthalmic,  see  Cavernous  sinus — s.  Per- 
pendicularis,  S.  quartus  —  s.  Oviitus,  see  Crista 
vestibuli — s.  Pituitarii  frontis.  Frontal  sinuses — s. 
Poeularis,  see  Ejaculatory  ducts — s.  Polymorpbus, 
Cavernous  sinus  —  s.  Portarum,  see  Liver  —  s. 
Prostata?,  see  Ejaculatory  Ducts  —  s.  Pudeinii, 
Vagina  —  s.  Pudoris,  Vagina,  Vulva  —  s.  Pulmo- 
nales.  Sinuses  of  Valsalva. 

Sinus  Pulmona'lis,  iS'.  sinis'ter  cordis  seu  re- 

na'rum  p)dinoiia'linni  seu  arterio'sus,  S<icciis  ve- 
>ia'rnm  puhnonn'tium.  A'trium  cordis  sinis'trum. 
The  left  auricle  of  the  heart.     Sec  Auricula. 

Sinus  of  thk  Pulmonary  Veins,  Auricle,  left. 

Sinus  Qitartus,  S.  perpendicnla'rtu.  Straight 
sinus,  (F.)  Sinus  choro'idien  (Ch.),  Sinusdroil.  This 
sinus — triangular  throughout ;  wide  posteriorly  ; 
narrower  anteriorly;  slightly  oblique  downwanls 
and  backwards — passes  along  the  base  of  the  fal.\ 


SIPEERI 


842 


SITZBATH 


cerebri,  from  the  termination  of  the  inferior  lon- 
gitudinnl  sinus  to  the  torcular  llerophili.  It  re- 
ceives the  inferior  loni^itudinal  sinus,  the  veins 
of  the  hiteral  ventricles  or  veiics  Galeni,  the  supe- 
rior cereliellous  veins,  <tc. 

Sinus  Renum,  Pelvis  of  the  kidney— s.  Rhom- 
lioideus,  see  Ventricles  of  the  brain — s.  Rotundus, 
see  Crista  vestibuli  —  s.  of  the  Septum  lucidum, 
Ventricle,  fiCth— s.  Sinister  cordis,  S.  pulmonalis 
— s.  Sphenoidalis,  Cavernous  sinus  —  s.  Straight, 
S.  quartus  —  s.  Superciliares,  Frontal  sinuses — s. 
Terminalis,  Circulus  venosus  —  s.  Transversi, 
Sinuses,  lateral. 

SiNiis  Tuansver'sus,  iS".  occijyita'Us  ante'Hor, 
ISan'ilar  sitnis.  This  sinus  lies  transversely  at 
the  anterior  part  of  the  basilary  process  of  the 
occi))ital  bone.  It  forms  a  communication  be- 
tween the  two  petrous  sinuses,  and  the  cavernous 
sinus  of  one  side,  and  those  of  the  other.  Its 
breadth  is  commonly  very  great.  It  is  situate 
between  two  layers  of  the  dura  mater,  and  pre- 
sents, internally,  a  kind  of  cavernous  tissue. 

SiNDs  Tkiangularis,  S.  longitudinal,  superior 
—  s.  Urogenitalis,  Urogenital  sinus. 

Sinus,  UrERi'Nr,  S.  cavemo'si  U'teri,  U'teri'ne 
sinuses.  A  name  given  to  cavities,  formed  by 
the  uterine  veins  in  the  substance  of  the  uterine 
parietes.     They  are  very  large  during  pregnancy. 

Sinus  Utriculosus,  see  Semicircular  canals — 
».  den  Vaisseaiix  seiiiinij'eres,  Corpus  Ilighmori. 

Sinuses  of  Vai.sal'va  are  three  depressions 
in  the  aorta — Sinus  aor'tiei, — and  pulmonary  ar- 
tery—  Sinus  piilmonu'les  —  immediately  opposite 
the  semilunar  valves.  Their  use  is  to  leave  the 
edges  of  the  valves  free,  so  that  they  can  be 
caught  by  the  refluent  blood.  Where  the  aorta 
is  about  to  send  off  the  first  of  its  large  branches, 
at  the  top  of  the  thora.x,  it  is  of  great  size,  and 
has  been  called  the  Lon/e  siuiis  of  Vuhnlvn. 

Sinus  of  the  Vena  Cava,  Auricle,  right  —  s. 
Venarum  cavarum,  S.  dexter  cordis — s.  Venarum 
pulmonalium,  S.  pulmonalis — s.  Venosus,  S.  de.x- 
tcr  cordis. 

Si'nuses,  Veu'tebrAL,  (F.)  Sinus  vertebrauoc. 
Two  great  venous  sinuses,  different  from  those  of 
the  dura  mater,  which  extend  the  whole  length 
of  the  verteljral  canal,  from  the  occipital  foramen 
to  the  end  of  the  sacrum,  behind  the  bodies  of  the 
vertebrae,  before  the  dura  mater,  and  at  the  sides 
of  the  posterior  vertebral  ligament.  At  their  in- 
ner side  they  communicate  with  each  other  by 
means  of  branches,  which  form  true  transverse 
sinuses.  They  are  situate  at  the  middle  of  the 
body  of  each  vertebra,  passing  under  the  posterior 
vertebral  ligament.  They  receive,  at  their  mid- 
dle part,  the  veins  that  arise  in  the  spongy  tissue 
of  the  vertebras.  By  their  external  side,  the  ver- 
tebral sinuses  communicate  with  the  posterior 
branches  of  the  vertebral,  intercostal,  and  lum- 
bar veins.  At  their  posterior  side  they  receive 
the  veins,  which  creep  on  the  prolongation  of  the 
dura  mater  that  envelops  the  marrovr. 

Sinus  Vulvje,  Rima  vulvae. 

SIPEERI,  Bebeeru. 

SIPEERINE,  see  Bebeeru. 

SIPHAR,  Peritoneum. 

SIPHILIS,  Syphilis. 

SIPHITA.  Somnambulism — s.  Prnva,  Chorea. 

SIPHO,  Siphon  —  s.  Urinae,  Diabetes. 

SIPHON,  Sipho,  ai(i.a)v,  'a  tube.'  A  bent  tube, 
whose  limbs  are  of  une(|ual  length,  employed  in 
pharmacy  for  transferring  liquids  from  one  vessel 
to  another.  With  this  view,  the  shorter  limb  is 
plunged  into  the  liquid;  and  air  is  sucked  from 
the  extremity  of  the  lower  limb.  The  pressure 
of  the  atmosphere  forces  the  fluid  through  the 
tube;  and  the  flow  will  continue  as  long  as  the 
extremity  of  the  longer  limb  is  below  the  level 


of  the  fluid  in  which  the  shorter  limb  is  im- 
mersed. 

An  exhausting  syringe  is,  at  time.«,  attached  to 
the  longer  extremity  of  the  siphon,  by  means  of 
which  the  air  can  be  drawn  from  it. 

Siphon,  Plunging.  An  instrument,  used  in 
pharmacy  for  obtaining  a  s])cciincn, — nt  times,  a 
measured  specimen,  —  of  any  liquid.  With  this 
view,  the  instrument  is  immersed  into  liciuid,  and 
allowed  to  remain  there  until  full.  The  opening 
at  the  top  is  then  closed  with  the  thumb:  and 
the  contents,  thus  removed,  are  allowed  to  fl<iw 
out  by  removing  the  thumb  and  permitting  tliu 
entrance  of  air.     It  is  a  form  of  the  pi/ntle. 

SIPIIONIA  CAHUCIIU,  see  Caoutchouc  — s. 
Elastica,  see  Caoutchouc. 

SIPIIUNCULUS,  Syringe. 

SIRA,  Orpiment. 

SIRENS.  Syinmeles. 

SIRIASIS,  Coup  de  Soleil,  Insolation,  Phre- 
nitis  —  s.  .^gvptiaca,  Coup  de  Solfil. 

SIRIIJM  MYRTIFOLIUM,  Santalum  album. 

SIRIUS,  Canicula. 

SlJiOP,  Syrup — s.  de  Capillaire,  see  Adiantum 
capillus  veneris  — «.  de  Corn/line,  see  Coralliua 
Corsieana — «.  Simple,  Mel  despumatum. 

SIRUP,  Syrup. 

SISON  AMMI,  jEthu'sa  amvii,  Cnid'ivm  teniii- 
fo'/lum,  f'ivipitiello  laterifo'lia,  Ses'eli  foenicnli- 
fo'linm.  Old.  Umbellit'era;.  Sex.  Si/sf.  Pen- 
tandria  Digynia.  The  plant  that  affords  the 
Amnii  verum  of  the  shops;  (¥.)  Amnii  des  Bou- 
tiques. The  seeds  —  Seintn  Am'urios  cretici  seu 
veri  —  were  once  used  as  a  carminative. 

SiRON  Amo'mum,  (F.)  Arnome  faux,  is  consi- 
dered to  be  excitant  and  diuretic.  It  is  the  /ield 
honewort. 

SisoN  Anisum,  Pimpinella  anisum  —  s.  Poda- 
graria,  Ligustieum   podagraria. 

SISTENS,  Epischeticus. 

SISYMBRIUM  ALLIARIA,  Alliaria— s.  Bar- 
barea.  Erysimum  barbarea — s.  Erucastrum.  Bras- 
sica  eruca — s.  Menthastrum,  Mentha  aquatica. 

Sisym'bRIUM  Nastur'tiuji,  A'a«rin(H(m  aquat'- 
icum.  seu  officina'le,  Laver  odora'tum,  Cralevm'- 
sium,  Cieasi,  Cai-danii'ne  fonta'na  seu  ■nostur'tium, 
Water  Cress,  (F.)  Cresson  de  fontaine.  Ord. 
Cruciferac.  Sex.  Syst.  Tetradynamia  Siliquosa. 
Water-cresses  are  commonly  used  in  salad.  They 
have  obtained  a  place  in  the  materia  medica  for 
their  antiscorbutic  qualities. 

Sisymbrium  Officinale,  Erysimum  —  s.  Par- 
viflorum,  S.  sophia. 

Sisymbrium  So'phia,  S.  pnrvijlo'ruvi.  Herb 
Sophia,  Sophia  Chirurgo'rum,  FUx  or  Flux  weed, 
(F.)  Sagesse  des  Ohirurgiens.  It  was  once  re- 
puted to  be  anthelmintic,  and  valuable  in  hyste- 
rical affections.     It  is  not  used. 

Other  species  of  Nasturtium,  as  N.  Palus'tre, 
Marsh  tcater-cress ;  and  N.  Amphib'ium,  Water- 
radish,  possess  similar  virtues  with  Nasturtium 
ofiBcinale. 

STSYRIN'CITIUM  BERMUDIA'NUM,  liJue- 
eyed  Lily,  Physic  or  Scurvy  grass ;  indigenous; 
Order,  Iridacea; ;  flowering  from  Jime  to  August. 
Used  as  a  cathartic  by  the  Thompsoninns.  A 
decoction  of  the  root  is  acrid  and  cathartic. 

SITICULOSUS,  Dipsodes,  see  Alterative. 

SITIENS.  Dipsodes. 

SITIS,  Thirst  —  s.  Intensa,  Polydipsia  —  8. 
Morbosa,  Polvdijisia. 

SITKA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  See  Arch- 
angel, New,  mineral  waters  of. 

SITOS,  Aliment. 

SITUS  ALIENUS,  Ectopia— s.  Anomalus  seu 
perversns  intestinorum,  Splnnchnectopia — ?.  Mu- 
tatus.  Ectopia,  see  Monster  —  s.  Pcrversus,  Ec- 
topia. 

SITZBATH,  see  Bath,  half. 


SIUM 


!4n 


SMALLAGE 


STUM,  S.  nod! fl I, 'rum  seu  nngvitJfo'liuni  seu 
Bei'iiln  seu  erec'tnm  seu  incl'mini,  A'pinm  uliitii, 
Neliiinciu'dliim  vudi/li/ruiii,  Ber'ida  aiigustl/o'lia, 
Ber'ula,  Creephig  Water-pm-anep,  (F.)  Berle  no- 
dijlnie.  Old.  UmbellifcraB.  Sex.  Si/at.  Pentan- 
dria  Digynia.  It  is  stimulant,  and  supposed  to 
V)e  diuretic  and  lithontriptio.  It  is,  sometimes, 
employed  in  cutaneous  eruptions. 

Shim  Angustifolium,  S.  nodiflorura — s.  Apium, 
Apium  graveolens  —  s.  Berula,  S.  nodiflorum  —  s. 
Bulbocastanum,  Eunium  bulbocastanum — s.  Car- 
vi,  Carum — s.  Ercctum,  S.  nodiflorum — s.  Graveo- 
lens, Apium  graveolens — s.  Incisum,  S.  nodiflorum. 

SiUM  Latifo'lium  is  the  common  W(tter-pur- 
tnep  of  the  United  States.  It  is  said  to  be  poi- 
sonous. 

Skim  Luna're.  The  root  is  eaten  by  the  Che- 
pewyans.  It  has  an  agreeable  nutty  flavour.  By 
the  Canadians,  it  is  called  Queue  de  Bat.  The 
poisonous  roots  of  Cicuta  virosa,  C.  maculata,  and 
C.  bulbifera,  are  often  mistaken  for  it.  —  Sir  J. 
Richardson. 

Shim  NiNsr.  The  plant  whose  root  is  called 
Radix  Nhmi,  Niuzin.  Nindsin.  This  root  was 
long  supposed  to  be  the  same  as  ginseng,  and  it 
possesses  similar,  though  weaker  properties.  See 
Panax  schinseng. 

SiuM  Nodiflorum,  Slum — s.  Silaus,  Pcuceda- 
num  silaus. 

SlUM  Sis'arum,  Skirret,  (F.)  Chervi,  Girole,\s 
used  as  a  salad  in  Europe  ;  and  has  been  thought 
a  useful  diet  in  chest  affections. 

SiuM  Vi'LGARB,  Ligusticum  podagraria. 

SIVVEN,  Rubus  idaeus. 

SIVVENS,  Sibbens. 

SKAW,  Scall. 

SKEELY,  Strabismus. 

SKELETIA,  Emaciation. 

SKELETOL'OGY,  Seeletolog"ia,  (F.)  Sqneht- 
toliKjie,  from  skeleton,  and  Aoyo;,  *a  discourse.'  A 
treatise  on  the  solid  parts  of  the  body.  This 
part  of  anatomy  comprehends  Osteology  and 
Syiiilenmoloi/ij. 

SKEL'ETON,  Scel'etum,  Sceleton,  Cadov'er  ex- 
aicca'tiim;  (Old  Eng.  and  Prov.)  At'omy,  Aiiat'- 
oiiiy,  (Sc.)  Sjxiig,  (F.)  Sqnelette,  Charpeiite  osse- 
nse :  {aKcXtros,  'dried  up,'  from  tr/ctAXw,  'I  dry.')  A 
dried  body.  The  aggregate  of  the  hard  parts 
of  the  body,  or  the  bones.  A  skeleton  is  found 
in  almost  all  animals,  although  it  may  not  always 
be  formed  in  the  same  manner.  In  some,  as  in 
the  Crustacea  and  testacea,  it  is  wholly  or  partly 
externnl,  Exo-skeletou,  Denno-iikeleton.  In  others, 
ns  in  birds,  the  mammalia,  <fec.,  it  is  internnl, 
Endo-skeleton,  Neuro-nkeleton.  It  serves  as  a 
support  for  other  organs.  On  it  the  general 
shape  of  the  body  and  of  its  various  parts  is 
greatly  dependent.  When  the  bones  are  united 
by  their  natural  ligaments,  the  skeleton  is  said  to 
be  natural,  Sc<d'etiim  nrifiira'le  ;  when  articulated 
by  means  of  wires,  artificial  or  articulated,  Scel'- 
etuin  artifiriii'le. 

SKELETOPCE'IA,  Scehtopce'a,  Sceleten'sis, 
from  skeleton,  and  noitin,  '  I  make.'  The  part  of 
practical  anatomy  which  treats  of  the  preparation 
of  bones,  and  the  construction  of  skeletons. 
Bones  are  prepared  to  e.xhibit  their  conformation, 
structure,  cliymical  composition,  mode  of  develop- 
ment, and  changes  ;  the  different  cavities  formed 
by  their  union  ;  and  to  demonstrate  their  connex- 
ions, relations,  modes  of  union,  <fec. 

SKELLIE,  Sinapis  arvensis.  Strabismus. 

SKHLLOCII,  Sinapis  arvensis. 

SKEVISCH,  Erigeron   Pbiladelphicum. 

SKKVISII,  FLEABANE,  Erigeron  Philadel- 
phicum. 

SKI-"\V  SKiIIT,  Dysopia  lateralis. 

SKIX.  Cutis — s.  Bronzed,  see  Capsule,  renal. 

SKIN-BIND,  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 


SKIN-BOUND  DISEASE,  Induration  of  the 
cellular  tissue. 

SKIN,  SCARF,  Epidermis. 

SKIN-TIGHT,  Induration  of  the  cellular  tissue. 

SKIOMACHIA,  Seiomacby. 

SKIRRET,  Slum  sisarum. 

SKIRRIIUS.  Scirrhus. 

HKlItSE,  Scirrhus. 

SKITTER,  Diarrhoea. 

SKOKE,  Phytolacca  decandra. 

SKOLEMORA  FERNAMBUCENSIS,  Geof- 
fraea  vermifuga. 

SKOLIOSIS,  Scoliosis. 

SKUE-SIGHT,  Dysopia  lateralis. 

SKULL,  Cranium. 

SKULL-CAP,  Calvaria,  Scutellaria  galericu- 
lata  —  s.  Cap,  maddog,  Scutellaria  laterifolia. 

SKUNK-CABBAG'E,  Dracontium  foeti.ium. 

SKUNK-WEED,  Dracontium  foeiidum. 

SLAB,  Torticollis. 

SLABBERING,  Slavering. 

SLATE.  IRISH,  Hibernicus  lapis. 

SLATERS,  Onisci  aselli. 

SLATKAIA  TRAVA,  see  Spirit. 

SLAVERING,  Slab'bering,  Slob'beriiig.  Dr!r'. 
elling,  (Old  E.)  Pirtling,  from  salica.  Ptijalix'- 
muH  iners,  (F.)  Bare.  Involuntiiry  flow  of  saliv:i, 
from  sluggishness  of  deglutition,  without  in- 
creased secretion.  It  is  seen  in  the  infant,  the 
aged,  and  the  idiot. 

SLEEP,  Sax.  rlep :  Somnuf,  SompmiH,  Sopor, 
Dorinit"io,  Ifi/puon,  (F.)  Sotiimeil.  Temporary 
interruption  of  our  relations  with  external  olijeels. 
A  repose  of  the  organs  of  sense,  intellectual  facul- 
ties, and  voluntary  motion. 

The  act  of  quitting  this  condition  is  called 
awaking,  {Y.)  Ecigilation,  Reveil.  Sometimes  this 
is  progressive  and  natural;  at  others,  sudden  and 
st.arting;  (F.)  Reveil  en  sursaut, — as  in  nightmare, 
affections  of  the  heart,  hypochondriasis,  &c. 

Slekp,  Magnkt'ic,  Iliipno'sin  bioiiiogiiet'ica,  is 
the  sleep  induced  by  the  so-called  animal  mag- 
netism.    See  Magnetism,  animal. 

Slf.kp,  Nkrvoi'S,  see  Magnetism,  animal. 

SLEEPLESSNESS,  Inscimnia. 

SLEEP-WALKING,  Somnambulism. 

SLIACS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Sliacs 
is  .a  favourite  bathing-place  in  Hungary,  a  few 
miles  from  Neusohl.  Some  of  the  waters  are 
cold;  others,  thermal :  the  former  are  carbonated 
chiilybeates ;  the  latter  are  much  used  in  the 
same  cases  as  thermal  springs  in  general. 

SLIDING  OP  THE  FLAP,  see  Flap. 

SLIEVE-FISII,  Sepia. 

SLING,  (G.)  Schlinge,  Mitel'la,  Jfit'rinm, 
(F.)  Eeharpe.  A  bandage  employed  to  keep  the 
forearm  bent  on  the  arm,  in  cases  of  injury  done 
to  those  parts,  in  fracture  of  the  clavicle,  injury 
of  the  hands,  <fec.  A  handkerchief  is  often  suffi- 
cient for  this  purpose.  It  must  be  folded  dia- 
gonally, and  be  tied,  by  the  extremities,  round 
the  neck.  The  French  surgeons  have  used  many 
varieties  of  Echarpes  or  slings;  as  the  Grande 
eeharpe, Eeharpe  moyenne, Petite  eeharpe,  Eeharpe 
de  J.  L.  Petit,  <fcc. 

SLIPPERS,  Irapatiens. 

SLIT  AND  TAIL  BANDAGE,  Invaginated 
bandage. 

SLOBBERING,  Slavering. 

SLOE,  Viburnum  prunifolium. 

SLOE-TREE.  Prunus  sjiinosa. 

SLOKE.  GREEN,  Ulva  latissima. 

SLOUGH,  Eschar. 

SLOVEN  M'OOD,  Artemisia  abrotanum. 

SLOWS,  Milk-sickness. 

SLUG,  Liinax  —  s.  Sea,  Biche  de  Mer. 

SLUMBER.  Somnolency. 

SMALLAGE,  Apium  graveolens. 


SMALL-rOX 


844 


SNUFFLES 


SMALL-POX.  Variola— s.  Modified,  Varioloid. 

SMALT,  Pn.tox'id,-  of  Cohnh,  Smalt,,,,,,  Saf,-e, 
Znffre,  Azi,i;  Blue  Starch.  This  oxyd  has  been 
<;iven  in  rheuinatisin,  in  the  dose  often  to  twenty 
grains.     A  hirirer  quantity  excites  vomiting. 

SMAKAfi'DUS,  (Tfiapay^of,  (F.)  Eme,-axide. 
The  emerald.  It  was  formerly  regarded  as  a 
tonic. 

SMAHTWEED,  Polygonum  hydropiper,  P. 
punctatuni. 

SMEOTICA.  Detergents. 

SMECTIS.  Cimolia  terra. 

SMECTRIS,  Cimolia  terra. 

SMEGMA,  a^iriyna,  from  ajxri')(^uv,  'to  wipe,  to 
rub  off.'  Soap,  grea.-^e,  a  salve,  a  liniment.  Also, 
the  secretion  from  the  sebaceous  follicles  of  the 
skin. 

Smkgma  Artichlare,  Synovia  —  s.  Cutaneum, 
see  Sel):iceous  glands. 

Smkgma  PH.*:i>u'Tri,  Sebum  prcspxtia'le.  The 
fatty  secretion  from  the  sebaceous  follicles  of  the 
glans  penis. 

SMEOMATORRIICEA,  Stearrhoea. 

SME(iMORRH(EA,  Stearrhoea. 

SMELL.  SENSE  OF,  Olfaction. 

SMELLING,  Olfaction. 

SMELLOME'S  OINTMENT  FOR  THE 
EYES,  Ceratum  resinae. 

SMILACI'NA  RACEMO'SA,  False  Spike- 
nard; indigenous;  Oid.  Liliaceae ;  is  said  to  be 
alterative,  diuretic  and  diaphoretic. 

SMILAX,  aiitXa^,  Taxus  baccata  —  s.  Aspera 
Chinensis,  Smilax  China  —  s.  Aspera  Peruviana, 
Smila.x  sarsaparilla — s.  Canellaifolia,  S.  pseudo- 
China. 

Smilax  China,  S.  oa'pera  Chinen'sis.  Ord. 
SmilaccEe.  Ser.  S^nt.  Dioecia  Ilexandria.  The 
root — C1,ina,  Ch.  orienta'lis  seu  poudero'nn  seu 
vera,  Saii'n'ra,  Ga,tq,iav<i,  China  root,  (F.)  Sqtiine. 
Eaquiue,  Racii,e  de  Chi,ie.  Formerly  much  used 
m  cutaneous  and  venereal  affections. 

Smii.ax  Glauca;  indigenous;  has  similar  vir- 
tues to  those  of  S.  Sarsaparilla. 

Smilax  IlRDKri/EFOLiA,  S.  pseudo-China — s. 
ludioa  Spinosa,  Smilax  pseudo-China  —  s.  Offici- 
nalis, Smilax  sarsaparilla. 

Smilax  Pskudo-China,  S.  Tn'dica  spinn'sa  seu 
ca„ell(r.fo'liii  seu  hedertpfu'lia,  China  occidenta'lis 
seu  spii'ria  noda'aa,  An,crica,i  or  West  India 
China.  In  scrofulous  disorders,  the  root  has 
been  often  preferred  to  the  oriental  kind.  In 
other  cases,  it  possesses  similar  virtues. 

Smilax  Sarsapauil'la,  S.  officinu'lis,  Sarsa- 
paril'/a,  Sart'iparil'la,  Smilax  as'pera  Pertivia'- 
i,a,  Sarza,  Sarsa,  Carivillan'di,  Iva  Pecan'ya, 
Jffacapatli,  Zama,  Zarznparil'la,  (F.)  Salsepa- 
ville.  Tiie  root  of  this  and  other  species  of 
Smilax  is  inodorous  ;  taste  bitterish,  feculaceous, 
and  fibrous;  of  a  dark  colour  externally;  white 
v/ithin.  It  is  possessed  of  diuretic  and  demulcent 
properties,  and  has  been  often  employed  in  the 
sequelae  of  syphilis;  when,  after  a  mercurial 
course,  nocturnal  pains,  ulcerations,  <fee.,  continue. 
It  has,  also,  been  advised  in  scrofula,  chronic 
rheumatism,  &c. ;  but  its  efficacy  is,  to  say  the 
least  of  it,  a  matter  of  doubt.  Dose,  ^j  to  3J 
of  the  powder. 

It  is  obtained  from  Honduras,  Brazil,  and 
Peru  —  the  varieties  being  called  respectively, 
Jlondiirns,  {¥.)  Salseparei/le  de  IIoudnraH  ;  Jjia- 
zil,  (F.)  S.  de  Bresil  ou  de  Porfuf/al,  and  Peru- 
vian Sarsaparilla,  (F.)  S.  de  Pero,i  ou  curaqne. 
Smilax  Tamnoides;  indigenous;  has  similar 
jiroperties. 

SMILE,  (r/itXi7.  A  curved,  two-edged  bistoury. 
A  knife. 

SMILEON,  Scalpel. 
SMIT,  see  Contagion. 


SMITTLE,  see  Contagious. 

SMVKNA.  Myrrhii. 

SMYRN  ISMOS,  Embalming. 

SMYR'NIUM  OLUSA'TRUM,  Sm,jr'„ium, 
from  ofivpva,  'myrrh,'  the  odour  of  the  seeds  re- 
sembling that  of  myrrh  ;  Ilipposeli' nun,,  Mace- 
ro'na,  Marednnis'iuni,  f/crba  Alexundri' na,  Gri'- 
elu,n,  Aijrioseli'un,!,,  Alexan'ders,  Alsanders.  A 
plant  foruierly  cultivated  for  culinary  purposes. 
The  seeds  are  bitter  and  aromatic,  and  the  roots 
more  powerfully  bitter.  They  have  been  recom- 
mended as  resolvents,  diuretics,  emmenagogues, 
<fec. 

SNAGGLE-TEETH,  Odontoparallaxis. 

SNAGREL,  Aristoloohia  serpentaria. 

SNAIL,  Limax—s., Shell,  Cochlea, 

SNAKEIIEAD,  Chelone  glabra. 

SNAKEROOT,  Garuleum  bipinnatum  —  s. 
Birthwort,  Aristolochia  serpentaria — s.  Black, 
Aetata  raeemosa,  Sanicula  Mnrilandica  —  s.  But- 
ton, Eryngium  aquaticum,  Liatris  spicnta  —  s. 
Canada,  Asarum  Canadense — s.  Dewitt,  Prenan- 
thes  —  s.  Evergreen,  Polygala  paucifolia — s. 
Heart,  Asarum  Canadense  —  s.  Virginiana,  Aris- 
tolochia serpentaria  —  s.  White,  Eupatorium  ago- 
ratoides. 

SNAKEWEED,  Aristolochia  serpentaria,  Ile- 
leniutu  autumnale.  Polygonum  bistorta — g.  Ame- 
rican, Cicuta  maculata. 

SNEEZING,  from  Sax.  nieran,  (G.)Niesen, 
(probably  an  example  of  onomatopa'ia,)  Olonns 
Sternntn'tio,  Slerniita'tio,  Slerniitamen'tiim,  Ster- 
numen'tnm,  Ptarmos,  (Sc.)  Neesiny,  (F.)  Eternue- 
nient.  A  convulsive  motion  of  the  expiratory 
muscles,  by  which  the  air  is  driven  rajiidly,  and 
rushes  sonorously,  through  the  nasal  fcis.'-aj,  car- 
rying with  it  the  mucus  and  foreign  bodies  which 
a<lhere  to  the  pituitary  membrane,  and  have  occa- 
sioned the  movement. 

SNEEZEWORT,  Achillea  ptarmica,  Helenium 
autumnale. 

SNIRRELS,  Nares. 

SNOB,  Nasal  mucus. 

SNORING,  S,io,-e.  (Sax.)  mora,  Bhenchns, 
Reach  IIS,  Jihenxis,  Ronchiis,  Jihonclnis,  Slertor, 
(Se.)  liowtiny  (probably  a  case  of  onomatopoeia), 
(F.)  Ronflemcnt.  Noise  made  in  the  posterior 
part  of  the  mouth  and  nasal  f?>ss8e  during  the 
movements  of  inspiration,  particularly  in  sleep, 
both  when  the  person  is  in  health,  and  in  disease, 
as  in  apoplexy.  In  certain  affections  of  the 
chest  —  in  some  cases  of  jiulmonary  catarrh  — a 
kind  of  snoring  may  be  distinctly  heard  by  ap- 
plying the  ear  or  the  stethoscope  to  the  chest. 

SNOT.  Nasal  mucus. 

SNOTH,  Nasal  mucus. 

SNOUT,  Nasus. 

SNOW,  Sax.  rnaj',  Nix,  Chinn,  (F.)  Neiiie. 
AVater  in  a  solid  state,  which  falls  from  the  at- 
mosphere in  white  flakes.  It  is  used  externally 
as  a  tonic  and  discutient. 

SNOWBALL.  Cephalanthus  oecidentalis. 

SNOWBERRY'',  Symphoricarpus  racemosus. 

SNOAVDROP  TREE,  Chionanthus  Virginica. 

SNOW-BLINDNESS,  Blindness  produced  by 
the  reflection  of  the  solar  light  from  snow.  Asa 
preventive,  Snoio  Eyes  arc  used  by  the  Esqui- 
maux. These  are  made  of  extremely  light  wood, 
with  a  bridge  resting  on  the  nose  like  spectacles, 
and  a  narrow  slit  for  the  passage  of  the  light. 

SNOW  EYES,  see  Snow  Blindne.«s. 

SNUFF,  CEPHALIC,  Pulvis  asari  composi- 
tus. 

SNUFFLES,  Teut.  Snuffeln  (probably  an 
example  of  onomato])ceia),  (/rore'r/o  neonalo'mm, 
Rhinan'gia,  Jihinanch'one.  Breathing  hard 
through  the  nose,  often  owing  to  accumulation 
of  the  mucous  secretions, — an  affection  to  which 


SNURLE 


845 


SODA 


infunts  are  liable,  and  which  is  relieved  by  oiling 
the  interior  of  the  nostrils. 

SNURLK,  Coryza. 

SNUKLES,  Nares. 

SOAF,  Sapo  —  s.  Acid,  see  Sapo. 

Soap  Berkies,  Sapindus  saponaria. 

SoAi",  Black,  see  Sapo — s.  Castile,  Sapo  durus. 

Soap  of  thk  Cocoa-nut  Oil,  see  Sapo. 

Soap,  Common  ok  Soft,  see  Sapo  —  s.  Liquid, 
gee  Sapo  —  8.  Medicinal,  see  Sapo  —  s.  Spanish, 
Sapo  durus — s.  Yellow,  see  Sapo. 

SOAPWORT,  Saponaria. 

SOB,  from  Sax.  reopian,  'to  grieve,' (probably 
an  example  of  onomatopoeia);  (F.)  Sanylut.  A 
spasmodic,  sudden,  and  momentary  contraction 
of  the  diaphragm,  immediately  followed  by  re- 
laxation, by  which  the  little  air,  that  the  con- 
traction has  caused  to  enter  the  chest,  is  driven 
out  with  noise.  It  is  an  evidence  of  corporeal  or 
mental  suffering. 

S015BY,  Corpulent. 

SOBOLES,  Epigone. 

SOBKIETAS.  Temperance. 

SOCIA  PAIIOTIDIS,  see  Parotid. 

SOCI'ETY,  Soci'eUxH,  (P.)  Societe,  from  nodus, 
'a  companion.'  An  association  for  the  promotion 
of  some  common  obje<;t. 

SociETiKS,  Mkdical.  Associations  of  medical 
gentlemen  for  the  promotion  of  science  have  been 
numerous,  and  productive  of  valuable  results. 
In  the  United  States,  societies  exist  in  many  of 
the  States,  possessing  the  power  of  examining 
into  the  qualifications  of  every  one  who  may  be 
desirous  of  practising  within  their  particular  ju- 
risdiction. In  some  of  the  Slates,  liowever,  tlie 
qualified  and  unqualified  are  permitted  to  exer- 
cise their  profession  with  equal  privileges  and 
immunities. 

Amongst  the  medical  associations  that  have 
issued  from  time  to  time  useful  transactions  or 
publications,  are  the  following  :  In  Amkrioa, — 
The  Maisachuselts  jifedical  Society  ;  the  Phy- 
sico-mcdifd/,  and  lledicul  Societies  of  the  State 
of  New  York;  the  CoUeijc  of  Physicicus  of  Phi- 
Indilphiii,  and  l\\e  Ameriean  Med ic<d  Association. 
In  Euuoph,  —  The  Association  of  Fellows  and 
Lieentiaiea  of  the  Kiiufs  and  Queen's  College  of 
Physicians  of  Ireland;  the  3fedico-Chirnr(/ical 
and  Phrenolof/ical  Societies  of  Eilinhnrtjh  :  the 
C(dleije  of  Physicians,  the  Medieo-CIiiniryieal 
the  Medical  and  the  Sydenhatn  Societies  of  Lon- 
don ;  the  Associated  Apothecaries  and  Surgeon 
Apothecaries  of  England  and  Wales,  and  the  Pro- 
vincial Medical  and  Surgical  Association  ;  the 
llnyal  Academy  of  Surgery,  the  Royal  Society  of 
Medicine,  the  Societe  Mfdicale  d' Emulation,  the 
SociHi  de  Medecine,  the  Royal  Academy  of  Medi- 
cine, the  Societe  itfedicale  d' Observation,  and  the 
Si>ci4t6  de  Biologic,  of  Paris  ;  the  Jfedico-Chlrur- 
gical  Academy  of  Vienjid  ;  the  Medical  Societies 
of  Berlin  and  Copenhagen,  &C.,  &C.  Is  AsiA, — 
The  Medical  and  Physical  Society  of  Calcutta. 

Valuable  medical  essays  are  likewise  contained 
in  the  published  Transactions  of  the  American 
Philosophical  Society;  the  Royal  Societies  of 
London,  fJdinhurgh,  Gottingen,  &c. ;  the  Imperial 
Academy  of  Sciences  of  Paris  ;  the  Imperi<d  So- 
ciety of  Sciences  of  St.  Petersburg  and  Vienna; 
the  Royal  Academy  of  Sciences  of  Turin  ;  the 
Academia  Imperialia  Lcopoldina  Natures  Citrio- 
snrum,  &c. 

SOCORDIA,  Ilallueination. 
SODA.     An  Arabic  word.     Profor'ide  of  so- 
dium, (F.)   Sonde,  is  obtained  by  adding  caustic  1 
lime  to  a  solution  of  carbonate  of  soda.    The  soda  i 
in  solution   may  be  obtained   by  evaporation  as 
liydrateof  soda.  Its  action  is  like  that  of  potassa; 
but  it  is  not  officinal. 

Soda    impu'ra,    BariVla,    Barig'lia,   Daril'lor, 


Soda  nispan'lca,  Ana'tron,  Natron,  Ana'ton, 
Nitrum  Antiquo'rum,  Kelp,  Aphroui'trnm,  Sal 
alkali'nus  fi.rns  fos'siUs,  Car'bonas  Soda  im'pu- 
rus,  Subcar'bonas  SodcB  ivipu'ra,  Anachron.  The 
v\ineral  alkali  is  obtained  from  several  sources; 
—  naturally,  in  Egypt:  artificially,  from  the  in- 
cineration of  marine  plants:  and  from  the  de- 
composition of  sulphate  of  soda,  Ac.  It  is  prin- 
cipally, however,  derived  from  plants  growing  on 
the  sea-coast ;  —  as  the  Salso'la  suti'ra,  S.  soda, 
S.  tragus,  Salicor'nia  herba'cea,  Salicorniu  Arab'- 
ica,  &c.  The  Barilla  ashes  are  from  the  ashca 
of  the  Salicor'nia  Europce'a  :  the  Kelp,  Sonde  de 
Vareeq,  from  the  Fueus  vesiculo'sus  and  other 
varieties  ;— the  Turkey  Barilla,  Roquette,  Cendre 
du  Levant,  Rochet'ta  Alexandri'na,  from  the  Me- 
sembryan'thenium  Cojj'ticum  ;  —  the  Al'icant  Ba- 
rilla,Soda  Alicanti'na  seu  Alonen'sis,  from  the  Me- 
sembryan'themum  nodijlo'rum ; — and  the  Cartha- 
ge'ua  Barilla,  from  the  Salicor'nia  and  Salso'la, 

Impure  subcarbonate  of  soda,  (F.)  Sonde  da 
commerce,  consists  of  subcarbonate  of  soda,  pot- 
ash, chloride  of  sodium,  clay  and  other  earthy 
substances.  It  is  chiefly  used  for  preparing  the 
pure  subcarbonate. 

Soda,  Cardialgia,  Cephalalgia,  Pyrosis. 

Soda  Aceta'ta,  Soda  Ace'tas,  Ac"etnte  of 
Soda,  Terra  folia'ta  minera'lis,  (F.)  Acetate  de 
sonde.  This  salt  is  used  in  similar  cases  with  the 
acetate  of  potass. 

Soda  Akiiata,  Sodaj  carbonas  —  s.  Alonensis, 
Soda — s.  Biborate  of.  Borax  — s.  Bicarbonate  of. 
Soda?  carbonas — s.  Bilate  of,  Picromel — s.  Borate 
of.  Borax — s.  Boraxata,  Borax. 

Soda,  Caii'donate  of,  Sodm  Car'bonas  seu 
Bicar'bonns,  Carbonas  Na'tricum,  Soda  Aera'ta, 
Bicar'bonate  of  Soda,  Carbonate  of  protox' ide  of 
Sodium,  (F.)  Carbonate  de  Sonde,  S.  efferveseente 
ou  aeree  ou  erayeuse.  (Soda  subcarb.  tbj,  aqua; 
destill.  Oiij.  Dissolve  the  subcarbonate  of  soda, 
and  pass  carbonic  acid  through  the  solution:  set 
it  asi<le  to  crystallize.)  Its  use  is  the  same  as  tho 
subcarbonate,  than  which  it  is  less  caustic,  and 
better  adapted  for  effervescing  draughts. 

Soda  Caii'stica,  Prolox'ide  of  So'dium,  Caus- 
tic Soda,  (F.)  Sonde  canstiqne,  S.  a  la  Chaux, 
Sonde  pure.  The  impure  subcarbonate,  treated 
b^'  quicklime,  and  consequently  deprived  of  iti» 
carbonic  acid.  It  mnj'  be  used  as  a  caustic  like 
the  Potassa fusa,  and  is  even  preferable  to  it,  as 
it  does  not  deliquesce  and  run 

SoRA,  ClILOliinK  OF,  S.  Chlorina'ta,  Soda  Chlo'- 
ridnm  seu  Chtorure'tiim,  Chlo'riuated  Soda,  Na- 
irum  Oxymnriat'ieum,  O-rymu'riate  of  Soda,  (F.) 
Chlorure  de  Sonde,  Chlornre  d'oxide  de  Sodium. 
This  salt  is  used  as  a  disinfecting  agent;  both  to 
remove  offensive  smells  in  chambers,  and  to  al- 
ter the  condition  of  fetid  ulcers.  See  Liquor  Soda? 
Chlorinativ. 

Soda,  Chlorinated,  Soda,  chloride  of — s.  His- 
panica.  Soda  —  s.  Hydrochlorate  of,  Soda,  mu- 
riate of 

Soda,  Hyposi'i.ph'ite  of.  Soda  hyposnlph'is, 
(F.)  Hyposulfte  de  Sonde.  This  salt  has  been 
lately  extolled  in  chronic  cutaneous,  and  scrofu- 
lous affections.     It  is  given  in  syrup. 

Soda,  Lithate  of.  Urate  of  soda  —  s.  Mcphite 
of,  Soda,  subcarbonate  of. 

Soda,  Mu'riate  of,  S.  mnria''a  seu  muriat'ico, 
Al'kali  minera'le  sall'num.  Soda  innrlas,  S<(1 
eom/nit'nis  seu  culiua'ris  seu  fon'tium  seu  gemmae 
seu  mari'nus  seu  albns  seu  fos'silia  seu  In'cidnm, 
Mu'ria,  Natron  mnria'tum,  Natrum  muriat'icnm, 
Hydroehlo'rinas  Na'tricus,  Chlorure'tum  So'dii, 
So'dii  Chlo'ridtim,  Common  salt.  Sen  salt.  Rock 
salt,  Bay  salt,  White  salt.  Quail richlo'rnret  of  So- 
dium, Hi/droehlo'rate  of  protox' ide  of  Sodium, 
Hydroch'lo'rate  of  Soda.  Chloride  of  Sodium.  (F.) 
Chlorure  de  Sodium,   Sel  niari)i,  Scl  de    Cuisine.    ■ 


SODA 


846 


SOLANOID 


In  an  impure  state,  thi.s  salt  is  one  of  the  most 
a'liHiuliint  oF  natural  produi'tions.  It  is  soluble  in 
3  parts  of  water,  and  is  tonie,  purgative,  and  an- 
tiii-luiintic.  Externally,  stimulant.  It  is  a  well- 
known  and  useful  culinary  substance.  It  has 
been  greatly  recominended  as  au  antiperiodic  in 
the  dose  of  ^ss  or  ^i. 

SoD.v,  Nitrate  of,  Sodas  Nitras,  Natron  seu 
Natnim  iti'tricitm,  Nilras  iiu'triciis,  Al'kali  miiie- 
rii'le  in'tr(('tii)»,  Nitrum  Rhomhoido'le  seu  cn'bi- 
euiii,  A'itras  N^atficuin,  Salpe'tra,  Nit  rate  of  pro- 
to.i-'ide  of  So'dium,  Protoiii'trate  of  Sodium,  Cubic 
Xitre.  Its  virtues  are  similar  to  those  of  the  ni- 
trate of  potass,  for  which  it  has  been  substituted. 

Soda,  Oxymuriate  of,  Soda,  chloride  of. 

Soda,  Phosphate  of,  S.  Phosphora'tn,  Sodm 
phos'phas,  Phosphas  Na'triciDii,  Natruni  Ouphos- 
phoro'den,  Sdl  mirah'ile  2>erla'tiini,  Alkali  iiiiiie- 
1-a'le  phosphora'tum,  Subjihosphate  of  protox'ide 
of  Sodium,  Subp)otopho8phate  of  Sodium,  Snb- 
phos'phate  of  Soda,  Tiiba'sic  phonphate  of  Soda, 
Tasteless  purying  salt,  (¥.)  Phosphate  de  Soude, 
Sel  admirable  perle.  (Bone  burnt  to  whiteness 
and  powdered,  tbx;  Sulphuric  acid,  Xbvj;  Car- 
bonate of  soda,  q.  s.  M^x  the  bone  with  the 
acid  in  a  covered  vessel,  add  a  gallon  of  water, 
and  stir.  Digest  for  three  days,  occasionally 
adding  a  little  water  to  that  lost  by  evaporation, 
and  frequently  stirring  the  mi.xture.  Pour  in 
now  a  gallon  of  boiling  water,  and  strain  through 
linen,  gradually  adding  more  boiling  water,  until 
the  liquor  passes  nearly  tasteless.  Set  the  strained 
liquor  by,  that  the  dregs  may  subside  ;  from  which 
pour  off  the  clear  solution,  and  boil  down  to  a  gal- 
lon. To  this  solution,  poured  off  from  the  dregs 
and  heated  in  an  iron  vessel,  add  by  degrees  the 
carbonate  of  soda  previously  dissolved  in  hot 
■water,  until  effervescence  ceases,  and  the  phos- 
))horic  acid  is  completely  neutralized  ;  then  filter 
the  liquor,  and  set  it  aside  to  crystallize.  Having 
removed  the  crystals,  add,  if  necessary,  a  small 
quantity  of  carbonate  of  soda  to  the  liquor,  so  as 
to  render  it  slightly  alkaline;  then  alternately 
evaporate  and  crystallize  so  long  .as  crystals  are 
produced.  Lastly,  preserve  the  crystals  in  a  well 
stopped  bottle. — Ph.  U.  S.)  Cathartic,  in  the  dose 
of  from  ^ss  to  ,^j. 

Soda,  Phosi-hate  of,  tribasic,  S.  Phosphate 
of — s.  Powders,  see  Powders,  Soda — s.  Springs, 
see  Water,  Mineral  (gaseous). 

Soda,  Subcakb'onate  of,  Sodm  Subcarbonas, 
S.  Carbonas  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Natron  preeparn'tuin, 
S'll  SodcB,  S.  al'kali,  Flos  Sails,  Sai/i'men  Vitri, 
Salt  of  Soda  or  of  Barilla,  Subcnrbonate  of  pro- 
tox'ide of  Sodium,  Mephite  of  Soda,  (F.)  Sous- 
carbonate  de  Soude.  The  impure  carbonate,  dis- 
solved in  water;  the  solution  filtered  and  crys- 
tallized. Soluble  in  two  parts  of  water  at  60°. 
It  is  much  used  as  an  antacid  ;  and  also  as  a  deob- 
struent  in  scrofulous  and  other  affections.  Dose, 
gr.  X  to  ]5ss. 

The  dried  Suhcar'bonate  of  Soda,  SodoR  Sub- 
car'bonas  exsicca'tn,  Sodm  carbonas  exsicca'tus, 
(Ph.  U.  S.)  Carbonas  Sodm  sicca'tum,  (F.)  Sous- 
carbonate  de  Soude  desseche,  is  employed  as  an 
antacid  and  litliontriptic.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  xv. 

Soda,  Subpho.sphate  of,  S.  phosphate  of. 

Soda,  Sulphate  of.  Soda  Sulphas,  Natron 
litriola'tum,  Sal  cathar'ticus  seu  mirab'ilia  Glau- 
b>''ri,  Al'cali  mineru'le  sulphu'ricum,  Natrum  sul- 
jihu'ricum,  Soda  vitriola'ta.  Sulphas  na'tricus, 
Ape'rient  Stdt  of  Frederick,  Glauber's  Salts,  (F.) 
Sulfate  de  Soude.  Obtained  from  the  salt  that 
remains  after  the  distillation  of  muriatic  acid; 
the  superabundant  acid  being  saturated  with  sub- 
cnrbonate of  soda.  It  is  soluble  in  three  parts 
of  water  at  tiO°  ;  is  purgative,  and,  in  small  doses, 
diuretic.     Dose,  ^vj  to  ,^x. 

The  Li/niinfjtoH  Glauber's  Salts  is  a  Suljihate 


of  Jfagnesia  and  Soda,  and  is  obtained  from  tho 
mother  liquor  of  sea-water,  or  by  dissolving  Ep- 
som salt  in  a  solution  of  Glauber's  salt. 

Soda,  Takthate  of.  Tartrate  of  potass  and 
Soda,  Tar'tarised  Soda,  lUichelle  or  Sciynetle'a 
S<ilt,  Soda  Tartariza'ta,  Sal  Itupellen'sis  seu  I'o- 
li/chres'tum  Seifjnet'ti  seu  Sciynetti,  Natron  larta- 
riza'tum,  Tartris  potas'i-m  et  Sodm,  Sodm  et  I'u- 
tas'sm  Tartras  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Sodm  polassiotar- 
tras,  Tartras  Potas'sm  et  Sodm,{F.)  Tartrate  de  jto- 
tasee  et  de  Soude.  {Sodm  carb.  %i;  jnitass.  bilurt. 
in  pulv.  ^xvj,  Aq.  bullient.  Ov.  Dissolve  the 
carbonate  in  water;  and  add,  gradually,  tho 
bitartrate.  Filter  the  solution  and  crystallize. — 
Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  a  gentle  cathartic.  Dose,  Jss 
to  .^j. 

Soda,  Urate  of.  Urate  of  Soda  —  s.  Vitrio- 
lata,  S.  sulphate  of. 

Soda  AVater,  Acidulous  water,  simple. 

Soda  and  Silver,  Hyposulphite  of,  Sodse 
et  Argenti  Hyposulphis. 

SoDv*;  AcKTAS.  Soda,  acetate  of — s.  Arsenias, 
Arseniate  of  soda — s.  Biboras,  Borax — s.  Bicar- 
bonas,  Soda,  carbonate  of — s.  Boras,  Borax  —  s. 
Boras  alcaleseens.  Borax — s.  Boras  supersaturus, 
Borax  —  s.  Carbonas,  Soda  —  s.  Carbonas,  Soda, 
subcarbonate  of — s.  Carbonas  cxsiccalus,  see 
Soda,  subcarbonate  of — s.  Carbonas  inipurus, 
Soda  —  s.  Chloras,  Soda,  chlorate  of  —  s.  Hypo- 
sulphis, Hyposulphite  of  soda  —  s.  Murias,  Soda, 
muriate  of — s.  Nitras,  Soda,  nitrate  of — s.  Phos- 
phas, Soda,  phosphate  of — s.  et  Potassae  tartras, 
Soda,  tartrate  of — s.  Potassio-tartras,  Soda,  tar- 
trate of — s.  Subboras,  Borax  —  s.  Subcarbonas 
impura.  Soda. 

SODJE  ET  ArGEn'tI  IIyPOSULPH'iS,  Hyposuljih'- 
ite  of  soda  and  silrer,  (F.)  Ili/posulphile  de 
Soude  et  d' Argent.  This  salt  is  formed  by  pouring 
a  solution  of  hyjwsulphite  of  sada  over  oxide  of 
silver  recently  precipitated  by  potassa,  until  the 
oxide  is  entirely  dissolved.  Crystals  are  affordod 
by  evaporation.  A  solution  of  it  is  used  in  tho 
same  cases  as  one  of  the  nitrate  of  silver. 

SODII  AURO-TEBCHLORIDUM.  see  Gold 
—  s.  Chloridum,  Soda,  muriate  of — s.  Chlorure- 
tura.  Soda,  muriate  of. 

So'dii  Iod'idum,  I'odide  of  so'dium.  This  salt 
has  been  prescribed  in  the  same  cases  as  the 
iodide  of  potassium. 

SO'DIUM,  Na'trium,  Natro'nium.  The  metal- 
lic basis  of  soda. 

Sodium,  Carbonate  of  Protoxide  of,  Sodao 
carbonas  —  s.  Chloride  of.  Soda,  muriate  of — ». 
Chlorure  de.  Soda,  muriate  of — s.  Chlorure  d' Ox- 
ide de.  Soda,  chloride  of — s.  Protonitrate  of. 
Soda,  nitrate  of — s.  Protoxide  of.  Soda  —  s.  Pro- 
toxide of,  hydrochlorate  of,  Soda,  muriate  of — s. 
Protoxide  of,  nitrate  of.  Soda,  nitrate  of — s.  Pro- 
toxide of,  phosphate  of.  Soda,  phosphate  of — s. 
Protoxide  of,  subcarbonate  of.  Soda,  subcarbonate 
of — s.  Quadri-chloruret  of.  Soda,  muriate  of  — 
s.  Subborate  of  protoxide  of,  Borax — s.  Subproto- 
borate  of.  Borax — s.  Subprotophosphate  of,  Soda, 
phosphate  of. 

SODOMA  GALLORUM,  Syphilis. 

SODOMIA,  Buggery. 

SODOMY,  Buggery". 

SOFTENING,  Mollities. 

SOr-POUR-SOr,  Homoeozygy. 

SOIE,  Sericum. 

SOIF,  Thirst  —  s.  Excessive,  Polydipsia. 

SOL,  Gold. 

SOL-LUNAR,  Sol-hmn'ris ;  from  sol,  'the 
sun,' and  luna,  'the  moon.'  An  epithet  applied 
to  a  fancied  influence  exerted  by  the  sun  and 
moon  on  man  in  .a  state  of  health  and  disease. 

SOLAMEN  INTESTINORUM,  Pimpinella 
anisura — s.  Seabiosoruin.  Furaaria. 

SOL'ANOID;  Solandi'des;  a  hybrid  word,  from 


SOLANUM 


847 


SOLIDAGO 


Kolnniim,  'the  potato,'  and  eiSo;,  'resemhlance.' 
llestMubling  a  potato  ;  potato-like.  An  epithet 
iipplied  to  a  form  of  cancer,  which  appears  to  be 
interuicUiate  between  scirrhus  and  enccphaloid, 
increasing  more  rapidly  than  the  former,  yet  ap- 
proaching it  in  firmness. 

SOLA'NUM,  S.  nitjrum  seu  vulgn're  ?eu  vufga'- 
lum,  C'ummon  or  Gulden  NlyhtHhinle,  (F.)  iloidle 
a  fruit  uoir.  Family,  Solanaceae.  Sex.  Syit. 
Pentandria  Monogynia.  A  narcotic  poison.  The 
Ihnle  de  Moielle  is  made,  by  macerating  in  oil, 
for  several  days,  the  leaves  and  fruit  of  this  plant. 
The  oil  is  anodyne  and  discutient. 

SoLANUM  Carolinkn'sk,  Horae  nettle]  indi- 
genous. The  juice  of  the  berries  has  been  em- 
ployed successfully  in  idiopathic  tetanus.  [?] 

SoLANlUf  Dulcama'ra,  -S'.  scandenn  seu  llrjiio'- 
ei(7ii,  Diitenmnia,  D.jle.riio'sa,  G/i/cijii'cros,  Ama'- 
ra  diilcis,  XTpv)(^i'Oi  of  Theophrastus,  Dittemweet, 
WiKidij  Ni<jlitiihade,  Bilternwect  Niijhtshade,  Bit- 
temweet  Vine,  Nightshade  Vine,  Violet  bloom, 
(F.)  Dotice-iimire,  Aforelle  grimpante,  Vigne  de 
,/iiilee.  The  taste  of  the  stalks  is  bitter,  followed 
by  sweetness ;  hence  its  name.  It  has  been  used 
in  many  diseases,  as  a  diuretic  and  sudorific, 
especially  in  chronic  rheumatism,  humoral  asth- 
ma, dropsy,  various  skin  diseases,  scrofula,  and 
jaundice.     Dose,  in  powder,  Qj  to  ,^j. 

Soi-a.num  Escni.ENTUM,  S.  tuberosum — s.  Foe- 
tidum.  Datura  stramonium — s.  Furiosuin,  Atropa 
belladonna — s.  Ilortense  nigrum,  Atropa  bella- 
donna— s.  Humboldtii,  S.  Lycopersicum — s.  Le- 
thale,  Atropa  belladonna  —  s.  Lignosum,  S.  dul- 
camara. 

SoLANUM  Lycoper'sicum;  Lyeoper'eicon  eacii- 
Icnt'iim,  L.  pomiini  amo'rig  seu  Humbold'tii  seu 
jiHeiidolycoper'sicum,  3Ialuni  iycoper'sicum,  Love- 
(ipple  plant.  The  fruit  of  this,  called  Toma'ta, 
Toma'to  or  Love-apple,  (F.)  Pomme  d'Amour,  is 
much  eaten  in  the  United  States ;  and,  with  the 
French,  Spaniards,  Portuguese,  &c.,  forms  an  es- 
teemed sauce. 

Soi-ANUM  Magnum  Virginiandm  Rubrum,  Phy- 
tolacca decandra  —  s.  Maniacum,  Atropa  bella- 
donna. Datura  stramonium  —  s.  Melanoeerasus, 
Atropa  belladonna. 

Solanum  Mklon'gkna,  Ifelongena,  Egg-plant, 
Mud  Apple  plant ;  (F.)  Aubergine.  A  native  of 
Asia,  Africa,  and  America.  Its  oblong,  egg- 
shaped  fruit,  Ponum  Melon'gence,  Malum  insa'num, 
is  prepared  in  soups  and  sauces  in  those  coun- 
tries, like  the  tomata. 

Solanum  Nigrum,  Solanura. 

SoLANUM  Niv'eum.  A  South  African  plant, 
the  leaves  of  which,  applied  to  foul  ulcers,  cleanse 
them.  The  fresh  juice  of  the  berries  and  leaves, 
made  into  an  ointment  with  lard  or  fat,  is  used 
by  the  farmers  for  tlie  same  purpose. 

Solanum  Parmenterii,  S.  tuberosum  —  s. 
Pseudolycopcrsicum,  S.  Lycopersicum  —  s.  Qua- 
drifolium,  Paris  —  s.  Kacemosum  Americanum, 
Phytolacca  decandra. 

Soi.ANUM  Sanctum;  Pal'cstinc  Nightshade. 
The  fruit  of  this  is  globular,  and  is  much  eaten 
in  the  countries  where  it  is  a  native. 

Solanum  Scandkns,  S.  Dulcamara. 

Solanum  Tubkro'sum,  ^.  cseulen'tnm  seu  Par- 
niente'rii,  Lyeoper'sicum  tuhero'sum.  Papas  Anie- 
rica'nuH,  Pappus  Annrica'nus,  America'num  Tu- 
hero'sum, Batla'ta  Virginia' na,  fiata'tas ;  the 
Pola'to,  (F.)  Pomme  de  Terrc.  A  native  of  Peru. 
.K  nutritious  and  wholesome  vegetable:  one  of 
the  most  useful,  indeed,  that  exists.  One  hun- 
<ired  pounds  of  potatoes  afford  ten  pounds  of 
.'tarch,  which  is  equal  to  arrow-root,  as  a  nutrient 
and  demulcent.  It  is  called  Potato  Flour,  P. 
Stureh,  French  Sago,  Petit  Saguc,  Common  Arrotc- 
root,  Ac. 


Solanum  Urens,  Capsicum  annuum — t.  Vesi- 
carium,  Physalis. 

Solanum  Viuginia'num  ;  indigenous  ;  is  said 
to  resemble  Solanum  nigrum  in  its  properties. 

Solanum  Vulgare,  Solanum. 

SOLAK,  Stda'ris,  from  sol,  aulis,  'the  Eun. 
Relating  to  the  sun  ;  having  rays  like  the  sun. 

Solar  Plexus,  Plexus  sola'ris,  Centrum  com- 
mu'ne,  Cer'ebrum  abdoiniua'le.  A  collection  of 
ganglions  and  filaments,  interweaving  and  anas- 
tomosing with  each  other  repeatedly,  and  belong- 
ing to  the  system  of  the  great  sympathetic.  This 
vast  ple.xus,  lying  on  the  vertebral  column,  the 
aorta,  and  the  pillars  of  the  diaphragm,  has  a 
very  irregular  shape.  The  ganglions  and  fila- 
ments composing  it  are  soft,  reddish,  and  almo.-^t 
all  issue  from  the  semilunar  ganglions.  It  re- 
ceives, also,  branches  from  the  pneumogastrics. 
It  seems  to  be  chiefly  intended  for  the  aorta,  and 
accompanies  all  its  branches;  furnishing  many 
secondary  plexuses,  which  are  called  the  infra- 
diaj>hragmritic,  coeliac,  superior  mesenteric,  in- 
ferior mesenteric,  renal  or  einulgent,  ep>erniutic, 
<&c. 

SOLDANELLA,  Convolvulus  soldanella. 

SOLDIER'S  WEED,  Matico. 

SOLE,  Solum,  S.  pedis,  Sulea,  Basis  cor'pnris, 
Ichnus,  Superfic"ies  plantu'ris  pedis,  Peti'na, 
Vestig"ium,  Pe'dion,  Peza,  Pelmu,  Planta'ria 
superficies  pedis,  Fa'ciea  conca'va  seu  infe'rior 
seu  Planum  seu  Concavnm  seu  Pars  inferior  seu 
Planit"ies  seu  Planta  seu  V<ila  pedis,  (F.)  Planle 
du  Pied.  The  sole  of  the  foot;  the  under  sur- 
face of  the  foot. 

SOLEA,  Sole  —  s.  Ipecacuanha,  see  Ipecacu- 
anha. 

SOLEATRE,  Soleus. 

SOLEN,  Cradle,  sec  Vertebral  column. 

SOLENA'RIUjM,  from  a<ji\r)v,  '  a  canal,  a  pipe.' 
An  instrument  of  surgery,  representing  a  kind  of 
gutter,  in  the  cavity  of  which  the  penis  was 
placed,  like  a  limb  in  a  cradle.  The  word  Solen 
itself — awXriv,  Cana'lis  —  was  used,  in  antiquity, 
for  a  grooved  channel  or  cradle,  in  which  a  frac- 
tured limb  was  placed. 

SOLENOSTEMMA  ARGEL,  Cynanchum 
oleajfolium. 

SOLE' US,  Gastrocne'mius  inter'nus,  Tibiocal- 
canien,  (Ch. ;)  (P.)  Soleaire,  from  solea,  'a  solo 
of  a  shoe,'  owing  to  its  shape.  A  muscle  situate 
at  the  posterior  part  of  the  leg.  It  is  broad,  fiat, 
and  almost  oval;  and  is  attached,  above,  to  the 
posterior  edge  of  the  fibula,  to  the  oblique  line  on 
the  posterior  surface,  and  to  the  inner  edge  of  the 
tibia.  It  terminates,  below,  by  a  large  tendon, 
which  unites  to  that  of  the  gastrocnemius  ex- 
ternus,  to  form  the  tendo  Achillis.  This  muscle 
extends  the  foot  on  the  leg.  and  conversely. 

SOLID,  S'll'idus,  Ste'reos,  from  solum,  'the 
ground.'  A  body  whose  integrant  molecules  are 
so  united  by  the  force  of  cohesion,  that  they  will 
not  separate  by  their  own  weight.  The  solids,  in 
the  human  body,  are  the  bones,  cartilages,  ten- 
dons, muscles,  ligaments,  arteries,  veins,  nerves, 
membranes,  skin,  <fec.  The  anatomy,  or  rather 
study  of  the  solids,  is  called  Stereol'ogy,  from 
(TT£/)£us,  'solid,'  and  Aoyoj,  'a  discourse.' 

SOLIDA'GO,  from  solido,  'I  make  firm,'  in 
allusion  to  its  properties  as  a  vulnerary.  See 
Solidago  vigaurea. 

SoLiDAGo  Saracenica,  S.  virgaurea. 

Souda'go  Rig"idA,  Rigid  Goldenrod,  Bones' 
styptic;  indigenous;  of  the  Composite  family, 
flowering  in  August  and  September;  is  astringent 
and  tonic. 

Solida'go  Yirgau'rea,  .S*.  vulga'ris  seu  Sara- 
cen'ica,  Virga  aurea,  Herha  do'rea,  Cony'zn  coma 
auren,  Sym'phytnm  Petra'um,  Eli'chrysum,  Con- 
sol'ida,     Saraceii'ica,     Golden    rod,     {¥.)     Verge 


SOLIDISM 


848 


SOLVENT 


d'or,  Herbe  de»  jiii/s.  The  leaves  of  Solida'yo 
odu'ra  —  Soi.ida'go  (Ph.  U.  S.)  —  Frnyrant  or 
Stceet-freiitfd  Golden- rod — and  the  flowers  have 
been  recoinniended  as  aperients  and  tonics,  in 
nrinarj  diseases,  and  in  internal  hemorrhage. 

t^ui.iOAGo  Vulgaris,  S.  virgaurea. 

SOL'IDISM,  Putholor/'in  HoUdu'ris.  The  doc- 
trine of  those  physicians  who  refer  all  diseases  to 
alterations  of  the  solid  parts  of  the  body.  To  the 
believers  in  this  doctrine,  the  appellntion  Sol'id- 
iats  has  been  given.  The  solidists  think  that  the 
solids  alone  are  endowed  with  vital  properties; 
that  they  alone  can  receive  the  impression  of 
inorbiCc  agents,  and  be  the  seat  of  pathological 
phenomena.  Solidism  has  been  the  prevalent 
doctrine.  It  is  scarcely  necessary  to  say,  that  in 
all  our  investigations,  the  condition  of  both  solids 
and  fluids  must  be  regarded. 

SOLIUM,  liahjiwire,  T.'enia  solium. 

SOLUBIL'ITY,  Sohihil'Ifna,  from  solvere,  sn- 
luluiii,  'to  dissolve.'  That  j)roperty  of  a  body  by 
virtue  of  which  it  can  be  dissolved  in  a  men- 
struum. 

TABLE    OF    THE    SOLUBILITY    OF    SOME    SUBSTANCES 
IN    WATER. 


NAMES   OF   SALTS. 


Acids. 

Benzoic 

Citric...' 

Oxalic 

Tartaric 

Salts. 

Acetate  of  Pota.ssa 

Soda 

Bitartrate  of  Potassa 

Borate  of  Soda 

Carbonate  of  Ammonia 

Magnesia 

Potassa 

Soda 


Chlorate  of  Potassa 

Soda 

Chloride  of  Calcium 

Magnesium. 

Potassium... 

Sodium 

Muriate  of  Ammonia..., 

Nitrate  pf  Potassa 

Soda 

Pliospliate  of  Soda 

Sulphate  of  Ammonia... 
Copper 


Iron, 

Majjnefiia 

Potassa 

Soda 

Supersulphate  of  Potassa 

Tartrate  of  Potassa 

Potassa  and  Soda... 

Antimony  &  Soda... 


SoluMitij  in  100 
parts  water. 


0-208 
133 
50 
very  soluble 

100 
35 
1-5 

50 

2 
25 
60 

6 

35 

200 

100 

33 

35-42 
33 

14-25 
33 
25 
50 
25 
50 
100 

6-25 
37 

5-0 
25 
20 

6-6 


4-17 
200 

luo 


3-3 

lb-8 


36-16 
100 
100 
100 

50 
100 

50 
lUO 
133 

•20 
125 
100 


SOLUM,  Sole— s.  Pedis,  Metatarsus,  Sole. 

SOLUTE,  Solution. 

SOLUTIO,  Solution — s.  Alexiteria  Gaubinna, 
see  Disinfection  —  s.  Ammoniae  subcarbonatis, 
Liquor  ammonite  subcarbonatis  —  s.  Arsenicalis, 
Liquor  arsenicalis — s.  Arsenicata,  Liquor  arseni- 
calis—s.  Arsenitis  kalicse.  Liquor  arsenicalis  —  s. 
C'alcis,  Liquor  calcis  —  s.  Camphorae  setherea, 
Tinctura  atherea  camphorata — s.  Camphorfe 
oleosa,  Linimentum  camphor;©  —  s.  Continui,  So- 
lution of  continuity — s.  Cupri  ammoniati,  Liquor 
Cupri  ammoniati  —  s.  Ferri  nitratis,  Liquor  Ferri 
iiitnitis — s.  (luaiaci  gummosa,  Mistura  guaiaci — s. 
Muriatis  barytae,  Baryta,  muriate  of — s.  Muriatis 
ralcis.  see  Calcis  raurias — s.  ^Muriatis  ferrici  asthe- 
rea,  Tinctura  sea  alcohol  sulfurico-rethereus  ferri 
—  s.  Muriatis  hydrargyri  oxygenati.  Liquor  hy- 
drargyri  o.xymurintis — s.  Potassii  iodidi  iodureta, 
Liquor  iodiui     compositus  —  s.   Resinae   guaiaci 


aquosa,  Mistura  guniaci  —  8.  Solventis  Minernlifi, 
Liquor  Arsenici  ehloridi  —  s.  Subciirbouatis  am- 
moniiici  spirituosa,  Spiritus  nmmuniw. 

SoLUTio  Sulpiia'tis  Cuimu  Compos'ita,  Agiia 
vitridl' tea  cwni'len,  Si/deiihiini's  Sti/ptie  II  <(^<)-, 
(Siiljili.  ciij>ri,  3''j>  atiiiii.,  acid,  uutjtii.,  aa  Z\], 
a(jiice,  ,^viij  :  dissolve,  and  filter.)  A  styptic,  and, 
largely  diluted,  an  astringent  eollyriuui. 

SOLU'TION,  Soln'tio,  LyuiH,  {1\)  Uiisnlvtinu, 
from  solvere,  holiitinii,  '  to  dissolve.'  '  An  operation 
which  consists  in  dissolving  a  solid  body  in  a  men- 
struum.    Likewise, the  product  of  such  operation 

—  jS'olii'liim,  (F.)  Solute.  It  means,  also,  with 
many,  the  termination  of  a  disease  : — with  others, 
a  termination  accompanied  by  critical  signs;  — 
and,  with  others,  again,  it  is  synonymous  with 
crisis. 

Solution  of  Acetate  of  Ammonia,  Liquor 
ammoniaB  acetatis  —  s.  of  Acetate  of  morphia, 
Liquor  morphiae  acetatis  —  s.  Alkaline,  sec  Full, 
gokali — s.  of  Alkaline  iron.  Liquor  ferri  alkalini 

—  s.  of  Alum,  compound,  Liquor  aluminis  com- 
positus— s.  of  subcarbonate  of  Ammonia,  Liquor 
ammoniac  subcarbonatis — s.  of  Ammoniated  co]). 
per,  Liquor  cupri  ammoniati — s.  Arsenical,  Liquor 
arsenicalis  —  s.  Arsenical,  De  Valangin's,  Liquor 
Arsenici  ehloridi — s.  of  Carbonate  of  Soda,  Liquor 
sodae  carbonatis  —  s.  of  Charcoal,  concentrated, 
see  Tinctura  catechu  —  s.  of  Chlorinated  soda, 
Liquor  soda'  chlorinatee — s.  of  Chloride  of  Arse- 
nic, Liquor  Arsenici  ehloridi  —  s.  of  Chloride  of 
Zinc,  see  Burnett's  disinfecting  liquid  —  s.  of  Ci- 
trate of  Ammonia,  Liquor  ammoniae  citratis  —  s, 
of  Citrate  of  Magnesia,  see  Magnesiae  citras  —  s. 
of  Citrate  of  Potassa,  Liquor  potassae  citratis  —  s. 
of  Continuity,  see  Continuity  —  s.  of  Corrosive 
sublimate.  Liquor  hydrargyri  oxymuriatis  —  s. 
De  Valangin's,  Liquor  arsenici  ehloridi — s.  Don- 
ovan's, see  Arsenic  and  Mercury,  Iodide  of — s. 
Fowler's,  Liquor  arsenicalis  —  s.  Gannal's,  see 
Aluminae  sulphas  —  s.  of  Gutta  percha  in  Chlo- 
roform, see  Gutta  percha — s.  Heinecke's,  see  Ar- 
seniate  of  Soda. 

Solution,  Goadby's.  called  after  the  proposer, 
is  made  of  bay  salt,  corrosive  sublimate  or  arse- 
nious  acid,  and  water.  It  is  employed  to  pre- 
serve animal  substances. 

Solution  op  IIydriodate  of  Potass,  Liquor 
potassae  hydriodatis — s.  of  Iodide  of  iron,  Lnjuor 
ferri  iodidi  —  s.  of  Iodine,  compound.  Liquor  io- 
dinii  compositus  —  s.  of  Iron,  nitrated.  Liquor 
ferri  nitratis  —  s.  Labarraque's,  Eau  de  jiinlte  — 
s.  of  Lime,  Liquor  calcis  —  s.  Lugol's,  Liquor 
iodinii  compositus  —  s.  of  Magnesia,  condeiisfed, 
Magnesia,  fluid  —  s.  of  Monro,  Liquor  of  Monro 

—  s.  of  Nitrate  of  iron,  Liquor  ferri  nitratis  —  s. 
of  O.xymuriate  of  mercury,  Li(]uor  hydrargyri 
oxymuriatis  — «.  Par  les  hiiiles,  Olea  niedicinalia 
— s.  Pearson's,  see  Arseniate  of  soda — s.  Plenck'.«. 
see  Hydrargyri  oxydusn  cinereum — ».  tie  I'otasse, 
Liquor  potassae  —  s.  of  Potassa,  Liquor  potassa? 
— s.  of  Sesquinitrate  of  iron.  Liquor  ferri  nitratis 

—  s.  of  Soda,  Liquor  sodae —  a.  of  Subacetnte  of 
lead,  Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis — s.  of  Subacetnte 
of  lead,  diluted.  Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis  dilu- 
tus — s.  of  Subcarbonate  of  potass.  Liquor  potas- 
sae subcarbonatis — s.  of  Sulphate  of  morphia,  Li- 
quor morphiae  sulphatis  —  s.  of  Tartarized  anti- 
mony, Vinuin  antimonii  tartarizati  —  s.  of  Terni- 
trate  of  sesquioxide  of  iron,  Liijuor  ferri  nitratis 

—  s.  of  Van  Swieten,  Liquor  hydrargyri  cxymu- 
riatis. 

SOLUTIVUS,  Laxative. 

SOLUTUM,  Solution. 

SOLVENS,  Solvent  —  s.  Minerale,  Liquor  ar- 
senicalis. 

SOLVENT,  Solveim,  (F.)  Fonda})!,  from  nolvere, 
'to  dissolve.'  A  medicine  supposed  to  possess 
the  property  of  dissolving  or  removing  obstruc- 


SOMA 


840 


SOXDE 


tions  and  extraneous  substances.  Thus  we  have 
tolvciili  of  the  stone  in  the  bladder,  Ac.  See 
Dissolventiii. 

Soi.VKNT,  MiNERAi,,  Liquor  arsenicalis. 

SOMA,  Body,  Corpus. 

SOM ASCETICS,  Gymnastics. 

SOMASUETIQ UE,  Gymnastics. 

SOMAT'IC,  Si>m<tt'icua ;  from  auita,  aiafiaroi, 
'the  body.'  That  which  concerns  the  body; — as 
soiiititic  death,  or  death  of  the  body,  in  contra- 
distinction to  molecular  death  or  the  death  of  a 
part. 

SOMATODYM'IA,  from  (rw^a,  aianaros,  'the 
body,' and  (5ua),  'I  enter  into.'  A  double  mon- 
strosity in  which  the  trunks  are  united.  Of  this, 
there  are  several \  varieties  : —  Vertebroclyrii'iu, 
where  the  union  is  by  the  vertebra; ;  Jschiodym'ia, 
by  the  ossa  ischii ;  Sternodym'in,  by  the  sternum  ; 
tiupritoiiqihaloil  11  III' ia,  (F.)  Siia-onijjlialodymie,  by 
tlie  su|ier-umbillcul  regions  ;  Supra  et  itifrn-um- 
phdliidijinin,  by  the  superior  and  inferior  um- 
bilical regions;  and  Ster?to-(impIiii/tjdi/tii'i(t,  where 
the  union  is  by  both  the  sternal  and  the  umbili- 
cal regions. — Cruveilhicr. 

SOMATOL'OGY,  Somntoloifia,  from  aufxa, 
owixiiTOi,  'the  body,'  and  Aoyoj,  'a  discourse.'  A 
treatise  on  the  human  body.     Anatomy. 

SOMATOTOMY,  Anatomy. 

SOMMEIL,  Sleep. 

SOMN AMBULATION,  Somnambulism. 

SOMNAM'BULISM,  Sownnmlndu'tlo,  Ilypnn. 
bate'sis,  Hi/])iiobiit<i'niii,  Hi/piioha'tiit.  I/ypiinhad'- 
i«)C,  Jihenilnis'mtia,  Luiiatln'miiD,  Ni/piioiieri/i'n, 
Selenoga'iiiin,  Nyctnbnte'sii,  Aiitoiiyrtubn'tid,  Se- 
leiit'cmiH,  Seleiilfin'iiiKH,  Si'iiinanibidiK'miis,  Nyc- 
tob'am'n,  Noctaiiibuln'tio,  Nr>ctmiibiil!ii' niiiH,  Nyc- 
tobn'dia,  Nyctoba'tia,  Siph'ita,  Syph'itn,  Pnro- 
ni'n'a  am'bidans,  Noctisur'giiim,  Oiieirodyu'ia 
acH'va,  Cenonpti'dia,  Sonnto-viyil,  Sonninnibiila'- 
tion,  Slei'p-uudkitiy,  from  soiiniiis,  'sleep,'  and 
ambidnre,  'to  walk.'  A  condition  of  the  brain 
which  occasions  the  individual  to  execute,  during 
sleep,  some  of  those  actions  that  commonly  take 
place  when  awake.  It  has  been  imagined  that  the 
somnambulist  is  guided  solely  by  his  subjective 
sensations  ;  but  there  are  many  facts  which  induce 
the  belief  that  the  external  senses  are  not  always 
entirely  suspended.  The  causes  of  somnambu- 
lism are  very  obscure;  and  the  principal  indica- 
tion of  treatment  is,  —  so  to  arrange  the  bed- 
chamber of  the  somtiaiubulist,  that  he  cannot  get 
out  of  it  during  sleep;  and  to  avoid  suppers,  as 
weTl  as  all  bodily  and  mental  excitement. 

So^f^}AMIi^ILISJf,  Magnkt'ic,  Mksmeric,  or  Ar- 
TIFlc"lAL,  SiiiiiniDiibidin' mill  iirtifivia'lis,  Colaph'- 
ora  7iiat/)U'l'(c(i,  S(iitnilp'iitl\y,  is  that  peculiar  con- 
dition, into  which  individuals  are  thrown  by  the 
Animal  Jfagiietizer.  It  occurs  only  in  those  of 
weak  nervous  temperament;  in  hysterical  fe- 
males, &c. 

SOMNAMBULISMUS,  Somnambulism  —  s. 
Artifieialis,  Somnambulism,  magnetic. 

SO.MNAxM'BULIST,  So7n>,„m'bu/,i»,  HybnoV- 
ates,  Hypiiob'ates,  Noctam'bithis,  Lunat'iciis,  Noe- 
tam'bulo,  Somnam'biih).     A  sleep-walker. 

SOMNAMBULIS'TIC.  Relating  or  apper- 
taining to  somnambulism,  —  as  the  ' somnainbu- 
lis'lic  state.' 

SOMNAMBULO,  Somnambulist. 

SOMNIA'TIO,  from  somnium,  'a  dream.'  The 
act  of  dreaming. 

SoMNiATio  MoRBOSA,  Oncironosus — s.  in  Statu 
vigili.  Hallucination. 

SOMNIF'EROUS,  Som'n</er,Snpor';fer,  Hyp. 
not'icun,  Jfypnopiv'un,  Sopiirati'vns,  Supnyi/'ic, 
Sopnri'/'croiis,  (F.)  Annouplssant ;  an  epithet  for 
a  medicine  which  causes  sleep,  from  aommis, 
'sleep,'  and/t)o,  'I  carry.' 
6-1 


SOMXIL'OQUIST;  same  etymon  as  the  next. 
One  who  talks  in  his  sleep. 

iiOM^lhO'Q.VlVSl,  Somniloquis'mus,  SnmniV. 
oqiiism,  from  somniiK,  'sleep,'  and  loqnor,  '1 
speak.'     Talking  in  the  sleep. 

SOMNOPATIIY,  Somnambulism,  magnetie. 

SOM'NIUM,  Eiiyp'iiioii,  lusom'nium,  a  Dream, 
(Sc.)  Sweuhi,  SiBeviiKj,  Swevi/iiyiig,  Siieuyncj,  (F.) 
Keve,  Sinige.  A  confused  assemblage,  or  acci- 
dental and  involuntary  combination  of  ideas  and 
images,  which  present  themselves  to  the  mind 
during  sleep.  Dr.  S.  Mitchell,  of  New  York, 
used  the  word  Somnium  to  signify  the  state  be- 
tween sleei)ing  and  waking,  in  which  persons 
perform  acts  of  which  they  are  unconscious. 

For  'waking  dreams,'  see  Hallucination. 

Those  distressing  dreams  which  occur  during 
a  state  of  half  sleep,  are  called,  by  the  French, 
Recnsneries. 

SOMNO-VIGIL,  Somnambulism. 

SOM'NOLENCY,  Somnoleu'tia,  HypncBxthe'xii, 
Hypno'din,  Uiiriiiita'lio,  Carus  Lelhar'gns  Cn- 
tiiph'ora,Cnt(i]>hor(t,Coma  Somnrilen'tum,  C'uro'Kia, 
Slumber,  Heav'iucnH,  (F.)  Assonpisseiueiif ;  from 
somuus,  'sleep.'  Sleepiness.  Also  a  state  inter- 
mediate between  sleeping  and  waking.  It  is  often 
a  symptom  of  disease. 

SOiMNUS,  Sleep. 

SOMPNUS,  Sleep. 

SON,  Furfur,  Sound. 

SONCHUS,  coy^o;,  S.  Ohra'cens,  Hiera'cinm 
olera'ceum,  Cicer'bitu,  Sow  Thintle,  Steine-tliinl/e, 
(F.)  Laiteron  doux.  Ord.  Cichoraceas.  Most  of 
the  species  of  Sonclius  abound  with  a  milky  juice, 
which  is  very  bitter,  and  said  to  possess  diuretic 
virtues. 

SoscHus  Floridanus,  Mulgedium  Florida- 
num. 

SONDE,  Sound,  Specillum  —  s.  CauneUe,  Di- 
rector. 

SONDE  D'ANEL.  A  very  fine  stylet  of  sil- 
ver, awl-shaped  at  one  end.  It  is  used  for  pro- 
bing the  lachrymal  passages  through  the  punc- 
tuin  lacrymale. 

SONDE  DE  BELLOC.  An  instrument  in- 
vented by  Belloc  for  plugging  the  nasal  fossse, 
in  cases  of  hemorrhage.  It  consists  of  a  curved 
silver  canula,  open  at  both  ends,  and  furnished 
with  a  button.  The  instrument  is  passed  through 
the  nares  to  the  throat;  and  a  plug  is  attached 
to  the  button,  so  that,  when  the  instrument  is 
drawn  forwards  through  the  nose,  the  posterior 
nostril  is  stopped. 

SONDE  BlilSEE  (F.),  Eyed  probe.  A  long, 
straight  stylet,  composed  of  two  parts,  which  may 
be  screwed  to  each  other;  blunt  at  one  end,  and 
furnished  at  the  other  with  an  eye,  so  that  it  ma}' 
be  used  either  as  a  probe  for  punctured  wounds, 
or  for  a  seton  needle. 

SONDE  A  t'ONDUCTEUR  (¥.).  A  modifl- 
cation  of  the  ordinary  catheter; — to  facilitate  the 
changing  of  catheters,  without  the  fear  of  making 
false  passages.  It  is  a  common  catheter,  ojien  at 
its  beak.  The  Stylet  or  Jlaudrin  is  one  half 
longer  than  that  of  the  ordinarj^  catheter.  To 
use  the  instrument,  the  stylet  is  pushed  into  the 
cavity  of  the  bladder  through  the  catheter.  The 
latter  is  then  withdrawn  by  slipping  it  over  the 
stylet,  which  is  kept  in  its  place,  and  serves  as  a 
guide  to  a  fresh  catheter. 

SONDE  A  BARD,  see  Lithotomy  (high  ope- 
ration). 

SONDE  DE  LAFOREST.  A  small,  crooked 
canula,  used  for  probing  the  nasal  duct  from  be- 
low upwards,  and  for  throwing  injections  into  it. 

SONDE  ou  PINCE  DE  HUNTER.  A  cy- 
lindrical silver  canula;  of  the  size  of  a  common 
catheter;  open  at  both  extremities,  and  contain- 


SOXDE  DE    VARECQ 


850 


SORREL 


in;;  a  wire  of  iron,  one  of  the  ends  of  which  i? 
sjilit  into  two  parts;  each  boing  terininateil  l>y  a 
yniall  silver  scoop,  and  separating  from  each  other 
l>y  virtue  of  their  elasticity,  when  pushed  out  of 
the  caiuila,  and  again  approximating  when  drawn 
in.  It  has  been  used  for  laying  hold  of  small 
calculi  in  the  uretbra. 

SOXDE  DE   VARECQ.  Soda. 

SONGE,  Soinnium. 

SOMTUS  AURIUM,  Tinnitus  aurium  —  s. 
I'luidi,  Hygrechema  —  s.  Hepaticus,  Ilepateche- 
ina  —  s.  Intestinalis,  Enterechema  —  s.  Stoma- 
chii-us,  Gasterechema. 

SOXOROUS  RIIONCHUS,  RCile  aoiwre. 

SOX  US,  Sound  —  s.  Vocis,  Accent. 

SOOJA.  see  Dolichos. 

SOOJIE,  EASTER'S,  a  farinaceous  article  of 
diet,  is  said  to  consi.st  of  wheat  flour  sweetened 
with  sugar. 

SOOL,  Gastroperiodynia. 

SOOT,  Fuligo  — s.  Tea,  see  Fuligokali  —  s. 
Wart,  Cancer,  chimney-sweeper's. 

SOPHIA,  Sisymbrium  sophia  —  s.  Chirurgo- 
ruin,  Sisymbrium  sophia. 

SOPHISTICATION,  Falsification. 

SOPIIO'RA  IIEPTAPIIYL'LA,  Auticlwler'- 
tVi.  Ord.  Leguminosae.  Seot.  Synt.  Decandria 
ilonogynia.  The  root  and  seeds  of  this  shrub 
are  intensely  bitter,  and  are  said  to  have  been 
found  useful  in  cholera,  colic,  dysentery,  Ac. 

SopnoRA  Tincto'ria,  Buplis'la  sen  Podah/r'ia 
Tincto'n'a,  Tudiynfern.  Wild  Indiyo,  fndi/jo  Weed, 
Jlroom,  Itidi'(/o  Broom,  HorHejlii  Weed,  Yellow 
Jiroom,  Clover  Broom,  Rattle  BkkIi,  Yellow  Iiidii/o. 
An  American  plant,  the  taste  of  whose  root  is 
unpleasant,  sub-acrid,  and  nauseous — very  simi- 
lar to  that  of  ipecacuanha.  In  a  large  dose,  the 
hark  of  the  root  acts  both  as  an  emetic  and  ca- 
thartic. It  has  been  considered  antiseptic  and 
febrifuge,  and  has  been  used,  in  the  form  of  fo- 
mentation or  cataplasm,  in  phagedenic  and  gan- 
grenous ulcers.  A  liniment,  prepared  by  simmer- 
ing the  cortical  part  of  the  root  in  cream,  has 
been  found  an  efficacious  application  to  sore  nip- 
j)les  and  to  ulcerated  breasts. 

Boptis'ia  Leucitu' tha.  Tall  white  fahe  Indigo, 
11  n  indiirenous  plant,  has  the  same  properties. 

SOPHRONISTiE  DENTES,  see  Dentition. 

SOPHRONISTERES  DENTES,  see  Denti- 
tion. 

SOPHROSYNE,  Temperance. 

SOPIENS,  Paregoric. 

SOPIO,  Opium. 

SOPOR.  A  profound  sleep,  from  which  the 
person  can  be  roused  with  difficulty.  It  is  a 
i-ymptom  in  many  of  the  neuroses. 

Sopor  Caroticus,  Carus. 

SOPORARIiE  ARTERIyE,  Carotids. 

SOPORATIVUS,  Somniferous. 

SOPORIFEROUS,  Somniferous. 

SOPORIFIC,  Somniferous. 

SO'POROUS,  So'porus,  (F.)  Soporeux,  from 
»opr)c,  'sleep.'     Sleepy:  causing  sleep. 

SORA,  Essera. 

SORB  TREE,  Sorbus  domestica. 

SGRBASTRELLA,  Pimpinella  saxifraga. 

SORBEFA'CIEXT,  Sorbe/a'ciens,  from  sor- 
here,  '  to  suck  in,'  and  facere,  '  to  make.'  A 
remedy  that  promotes  absorption. 

The  following  are  the  chief  sorbefacients  or 
inoilifiers  of  nutritive  action  —  cutrophics  :  — 
Acida  Vegetabilia;  Alkalia:  Ammoniacum;  Bro- 
iiiinium  ;  Galbanum  ;  Hydrargyri  Praeparata;  lo- 
(iinium;  Liquor  Calcii  chloridi;  Spongia  usta; 
Cciinpression,  (methodical;)  Friction;  Mental 
Snrheficients,  (Imagination,  Emotions.) 

S0:RBETHUjM.  Scherbet. 

SORBETTUM,  Scherbet. 

SORBET  UJil,  Scherbet. 


SORBIER  DES  OISELEURS,  Sorbus  aeu- 
paria. 

SORBITIO,  Jus. 

SoRBirio  Carnis  seu  Ex  Car.ne.  Ihoth  or 
soup  made  of  meat. 

SORBITUM,  Jus. 

SORBUM,  see  Sorbus  domestica. 

SORBUS,  Craticgus  aria,  S.  domestica. 

SoKDi:.s  Acupa'ria  seu  Aucupa'iua,  J/t«'^)i7»», 
M.  acupa'ria,  Mountain  Service,  Mountain  Aih, 
Quicken  tree,  Roan  tree,  Witchen,  Witch  hazel. 
Witch  wood,  (Sc.)  Roilcn  tree.  Roan  tree.  Rowan 
tree.  Rone,  (Prov.)  Kcer,  Jlantree,  (F.)  Sorhicr 
des  Oiseleura,  Freue  laitvat/e.  Ord.  Rosacea;. 
The  berries  —  (Sc.)  Rodens  —  of  this  tree  are  em- 
ployed for  .similar  purposes  as  the  last. 

Sorbus  Alpina,  Craticgus  aria. 

Soiiniis  America'na,  Pi/run  Americana,  Ame- 
rican Mountain  A^h.  The  bark  resembles  that 
of  the  Wild  Cherry,  and  might  be  used  in  the 
same  cases. 

Sorbus  Aria,  Crataegus  aria — s.  Aucuparia,  S. 
aeuparia  —  s.  Cydonia,  Pyrus  cydonia. 

Sorbus  DoMES'tica,  Sorbun,  Pyrua  domea'tica, 
Mea'pilna  domea'tica,  Oie,  Service  or  Sorb  Tree, 
(F.)  Cormier.  Family,  Rosacese.  Sex.  Syat, 
Icosandria  Trigynia.  The  fruit  of  this  tree,  Sor- 
bum,  is  astringent,  and  has  been  recommended  in 
diarrhoea  and  dysentery.  It  is  given  in  the  form 
of  rob.  A  kind  of  cider  is  made  from  it,  and  also 
brandy. 

Sorbus  Malus,  Pyrus  malus. 

SORDES,  Rhypoa,  'Filth.'  A  dirty-looking 
sanies,  discharged  from  ulcers.  Also,  accumula- 
tions of  the  secretions  cf  the  mouth,  on  the  teeth 
in  adynamic  fevers  more  especially,  and  of  foul 
matters  in  the  stomach — Sordea  prima'ruin  via'-  , 
rum,  Rlnjpa'ria.  The  French  call  an  ulcer,  ex 
hibiting  such  an  appearance,  aordid.  Also  dir{ 
of  any  kind. 

SoRDKS,  Ichor,  Saburra  —  s.  Acidae,  Aciditiei 

—  s.  Aurium,  Cerumen  —  s.  Primarum  viarnm 
Emharraa  gaatrique,  see  Sordes — s.  Ventris,  Ex, 
creinent. 

SORDICUL^  AURIUM,  Cerumen. 

SORE,  Ulcer. 

Sore,  Bay.  A  disease  which  Mosely  considers 
to  be  a  true  cancer.  It  is  endemic  in  the  Bay 
of  Honduras. 

Sore  Mouth,  Stomatitis — s.  Gangrenous,  Can- 
cer aquaticus — s.  Throat,  Cynanche — s.  Throat, 
Clergyman's,  Pharyngitis,  follicular  —  s.  Throat, 
inflammatory,  Cynanche  tonsillaris  —  s.  Throat, 
putrid,  Cynanche  maligna — s.  Throat,  tuber- 
cular. Pharyngitis,  follicular — s.  Throat,  ulcerous, 
Cynanche  maligna. 

SORENESS,  Sax.  ropp,  'vexed,  molested.' 
Parap'aia  acria  teneritu'do.  Painful  uneasiness 
or  tenderness,  local  or  general,  on  being  touched 
with  a  pressure  that  does  not  usually  excite  dis- 
tressing feeling.  Often,  a  febrile  symptom.  Also, 
the  tenderness  of  a  wound,  ulcer,  &,c. 

SORGHUM,  Panicum  Italicum. 

SOROCCO,  Puna. 

SOROCHE,  Puna. 

SORORIA'TIO,  from  sororea,  'sisters,'  aoro- 
rio,  '  to  grow  up  or  swell  together.'  The  period 
at  which  the  breasts  of  the  female  become  deve- 
loped. The  act  of  becoming  thus  developed.  A 
young  maiden,  whose   mammae  begin   to  show, 

—  aororiantfa  munniKB  —  was  formerly  called  aoro- 
rians  virgo.  —  Plautus. 

SORREL,  COMMON,  Rumex  acetosus  — s. 
Field,  Rumex  acetosella — s.  French,  Rumex  scu- 
tatus — s.  (Jarden,  Rumex  scutatus — s.  Mountain, 
Oxalis  acetosella,  Oxyria  reniformis  —  s.  Salt  of. 
Potass,  oxalate  of — s.  Roman,  Rumex  scutatus — 
s.  Sheep,  Rumex  acetosella. 


SOSTllUM 


851 


SPACE 


SoiiRKL  Trkb,  Androraeilii  arborea,  A.  raariana. 

SoHiiKL,  Welsh,  Oxyriii  rcniforinis — s.  White, 
Oxalis  acctosiella — s.  Wood,  Yellow,  Oxalis  strieta. 

SOSTllUM,  /SVifrKWi  ;  from  aw^civ,  'to  save,' 
aijirrip,  'a  preserver.'  A  reward  given  to  one  who 
g;ives  the  life  of  another.  A  physician's  fee  or 
honorarium,  (F.)  ffunnrnire. 

SOTERIA  DOCTRINA,  Medicina. 
SOTRRLT;  AQU^,  Waters,  mineral. 
SOTIREL'LA.     Ancient  name  of  a  medicine 
composed  of  opium  and  other  narcotics,  nutmeg, 
e'ljfruu,  camphor  and  soot.     It  was  used  in  cer- 
tain diseases  of  the  teeth. 

SOTRUM,  Sostrum. 

SOirn/iESAffT,  Subsultus  tendinum. 

SOUCHERLOON,  Bit  noben. 

SOUCIIL'T  DBS  [NDES,  Curcuma  longa  — 
B.  Odorant,  Cyperus  longus  —  s.  liuiid,  Cyperus 
rotuntlus. 

SOUCT,  Calendula  officinalis,  Panophobia  — 
«.  den  Alpes,  Arnica  moiitana  — «.  dea  Champs, 
Ciilenilula  arvensis — «.  Ordinaire,  Calendula  offi- 
cinalis. 

SOUDE,  Soda  —  s.  Acetate  de,  Soda,  acetate 
of — ».  Aer4,  Sodae  carbonas  —  «.  Borate  de,  Bo- 
rax— ».  Borate  sursature  de,  Borax — s.  Carbonate 
de,  Sodae  carbonas — 8.  Caiistiqiie,  Soda  caustica 
—  s.  d  la  Chaux,  Soda  caustica  —  s.  Chlornre  de, 
Soda,  chloride  of — «.  du  Commerce,  Soda  —  s. 
Orayense,  Sodae  carbonas — ».  Effervescente,  Sodae 
carbonas  —  ».  Hi/posnlfite  de.  Soda,  hyposulphite 
of — ».  Phosphate  de,  Soda,  phosphate  of — s.  et  de 
Potdsfie,  Tartrate  de.  Soda,  tartrate  of — s.  Pure, 
Soda  caustica — ».  Sousborate  de,  Borax — .v.  Sous- 
cnrbouate  de.  Soda,  subcarbonate  of  —  s.  Sulfate 
de,  Soda,  sulphate  of. 

SOUFFLE,  see  Murmur,  respiratory —  s.  Atn- 
phoriqiie,  see  Cavernous  respiration  — «.  Bron- 
chique,  see  Murmur,  respiratory  —  «.  Metallique, 
see  Cavernous  respiration  —  «.  Plncentaire,  Bruit 
jihicentdire — s.  Tracheal,  sce  Murmur,  respiratory 
— s.  Tubaire,  see  Murmur,  respiratory — ».  Uterin, 
Bruit  placeutaire — 8.  Voile,  see  Cavernous  respi- 
ration. 

Souffle,  Whi.spering.  A  bellows' sound  heard 
over  solidified  lung  and  excavations  when  the 
patient  wliispers.  • —  Flint. 

SOUFRE,  Sulphur— s.  Carhnre,  Carbonis  sul- 
phuretum  — s.  lodure  de,  Sulphuris  iodidum  —  s. 
Sublime,  Sulphur  sublimatum — «.  Vegetal,  Lyco- 
podium. 

SOUrLLUBE,  Pollution. 

SOULA'MEA  AMA'RA,  Bex  amaro'rum.  A 
shrub  of  the  Moluccas;  Order,  Polygalaceae  ;  all 
the  parts  of  which  are  of  groat  bitterness — "hor- 
rciida  amarities."  It  is  employed  by  the  Malays, 
and,  it  is  said,  with  success  in  cholera  and  pleu- 
risy: and  as  a  febrifuge. 

SOUND,  Specill'um,  Sti/lus,  Explorato'rinm, 
Radl'olus,  (F.)  Soude.  An  instrument  used  by 
surgeons  to  discover  whether  there  be  a  stone  in 
the  bladder.  It  is  usually  made  of  highly  po- 
lished steel,  and  is  shaped  like  the  catheter.  The 
operation  is  termed  sounding. 

The  French  Sonde  has,  however,  a  more  ox- 
tensive  signification.  It  moans  different  instru- 
ments introduced  into  cavities  of  certain  organs, 
or  into  wounds,  fistulas,  &c.,  to  investigate  their 
condition,  or  to  fulfil  some  therapeutical  indica- 
tion.    See  Soude. 

Sduno,  Sonus,  Erhos,  Xoise,  (¥.)  Son,  Bruit. 
The  sensation  produced  on  the  auditory  nerve  by 
the  vibrations  of  a  sonorous  body.  Sounds  may 
bo  propagated  in  three  modes.  1.  By  reciproca'- 
tion  or  con'snnnnce,  as  wlien  a'sounding  body,  of 
a  dcfiiiito  pitch,  produces  a  musical  tone  when 
another  body  of  the  same  pitch  is  sounded  near 
it.  2.  By  rcs'onnucp,  as  when  a  sounding  body 
is  placed  in  connection  with  another,  one  or  more 


of  whose  parts  maybe  thrown  into  reciprocal  vi- 
bration ;  and  3.  By  cmduc'tion,  as  where  the  vi- 
brations are  transmitted  through  fluid,  liquid,  or 
solid  media. 

Sound,  Cathetcrize,  Syncope,  S.  Auricular, 
Apyromele — s.  Bellows,  friction,  rasp,  saw,  lancet, 
&c.,  see  Bruit — s.  Cracl<ed  pot.  Bruit  de  pot  fele 
—  s.  Crumpling,  pulmonary,  Froisscmeut  pulmo- 
naire — s.  Laryngeal,  Laryngeche. 

Sound,  U'THrtiNE,  V'teriue  bougie,  (F.)  Sonde 
uterine.  An  instrument,  somewhat  similar  to  a 
small  male  catheter,  to  be  introduced  into  the 
cavity  of  the  uterus,  in  the  diagnosis  of  diseases 
of  that  viscus.  When  notched  on  the  stem,  it 
enables  the  size  of  the  uterine  cavity  to  be  ap- 
preciated, and  becomes  a  good  hysterom'eter. 

SOUNDING,  Searching,  see  Sound. 

SOUNDNESS  OF  MIND,  Sanity. 

SO  UP  I R,  Sigh. 

SOUR  BERRY,  see  Oxyeantha  Galeni,  Vacci- 
nium  oxycoccos  —  s.  Dock,  boreal,  Oxyria  reni- 
formis  —  s.  Leaf,  Andromeda  arborea — s.  Tree 
Andromeda  arborea  —  s.  Wood,  Andromeda  ar- 
borea. 

SOURCIL,  Supercilium. 

SOUIICILIEU,  Corrugator  supercilii.  Super- 
ciliary. 

SOURD,  Deaf. 

SOURDS-MUETS,  see  Mutitas  surdorum. 

SOUR-MILK,  Buttermilk. 

SOUR-SOP,  Bromelia  ananas. 

SOURWOOD,  Andromeda  mariana. 

SO  US- A  Gli  0.)fTO-  CLA  VI-II UMERA  Z,  Del- 
toid—  «.  Atlo'idien,  Subatloidaens  —  s.  Axoidien, 
Subiixoidffius  — ».  Azotate  de  Bismuth,  'iixsmvih, 
subnitrate  of — s.  Clavier,  Subelavius — a.  Costaux, 
Intercostal  —  «.  C»?fn(e,  Subcutaneous — «.  Ejii- 
neux,  Infra-spinatus — s.  Lingual,  Sub-lingual — s. 
Jfammaire,  Submammary  —  «.  Jfaxillaire,  Sub- 
maxillary—  s.  Maxillo-Lidiinl,  BcTpressor  anguU 
oris — s.  Afeutal,  Submental — s.  Jfetacarpo-laleri- 
phidangie.u.  Prior  annularis  —  s.  Optico-s])heuo- 
sclerotieien.  Rectus  inferior  oculi  —  s.  Orbitaire, 
Suborbitar  —  s.  Pubio-coccygien,  Levator  ani— 8. 
Puhio-creti-tibi(d,  Gracilis  —  s.  Pubio-pretibiul, 
Gracilis — s.  Pubin-troehauterien-externe,  Obtura- 
tor externus — s.  Pubio-trochanterien-interne,  Ob- 
turator internus — s.  Scapulaire,  Subscapularis — s. 
Scaputo-trochinien,  Subscapularis — s.  Sels,  see 
Salt. 

SOUTH  CAROLINA,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  (jlenn's  Spri}igs,  iu  Spartanburg  District, 
are  highly  charged  with  salts  of  lime,  and,  nut 
far  from  them,  is  a  chah'beate.  West's  Spring, 
and  Chicle's  Spirings,  a  few  miles  from  Greenville, 
resemble  Glenn's  Springs. 

SOUTHERNWOOD,  Artemisia  abrotanum  — 
s.  Field,  Artemisia  campestris  —  s.  Maritime,  Ar- 
temisia maritima — s.  Tartarian,  Artemisia  santo- 
nica. 

SOWBREAD.  Arthanita,  Cyclamen. 

SOWENS,  Flunimerv. 

SOY,  see  Dolichos  soja. 

SOYMIDA  FEBRIFUGA,  Swieteniafebrifuga. 

SPA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A  '.own 
seven  leagues  southeast  of  Liege,  where  there 
are  several  springs,  possessing  a  sharp  acidulous 
taste;  containing  much  carbonic  acid,  carbonates 
of  iron,  lime,  and  magnesia;  carbonate  of  soda, 
and  chloride  of  sodium.  The  water  is  much  used 
as  a  tonic. 

Spa  Watkh,  Artificial.  Sodce  suhrarb.,  gr. 
vij  :  magnesice  carbon.,"^]:  liiiiat.  ferri.,  gr.  iij  ; 
sodii  chlorid.,  gr.  j  :  aqucB,  Oiij.  Impregnate 
with  gas  from  marble  jjoiodcr  and  sulph.  acid., 
ail  Qx. 

SPACE,  INTERPEDUNCULAR,  see  Inter- 
peduncular—  s.  Perforated;  anterior,  Locus  per- 


SPADE-BONE 


852 


STASM 


foratus    anticus  —  s.    Perforated,    posterior,    see 
Tiirini  p')iis. 

SPADE-BONE.  Scapula. 
SPADO,  Cii.stratus,  Eunuch,  Spasm. 
SPAGYRIA,  Chymistry. 

SPAG"Y11ISTS,  from  o-tou,  'I  separ.ate,'  and 
jyEijiu),  '  I  assemble  ;'  because  they  reduced  com- 
]iouiuls  into  elements,  and  formed  the  latter  into 
compounds  [?].  A  sect  of  physicians,  who  pro- 
tended to  account  for  the  changes  that  occur  in 
ihe  human  body  in  health  and  disease,  in  the  same 
manner  as  the  chymists  of  their  day  explained 
those  of  the  inorganic  kingdom.  MecUci'ua  T'a- 
iiicelcis'tica  seu  Spagyr' ica,  was  likewise  called 
JTermet' ten,  because  it  was  believed  that  the 
means  of  cure  adopted  in  it  had  been  found  in 
the  books  of  Hermes. 
SPAIG,  Skeleton. 

SPAN^'MIA,  from  niavoi;,  'poor,'  and  'aifia, 
'blood.'  Poverty  of  the  blood.  Diminution  in 
the  quantity  of  fibrin  and  red  corpuscles  of  the 
Idood, — as  where  bleeding  has  been  carried  be- 
j'ond  certain  limits.  —  Simon. 

SPANj:E'MIC,  SpritKs'inicum  (remedium),  T>!/9- 
plan'tlciun,  Phintilyt'iciun  et  erethili/t'icum,  HcB- 
inatolijt'icnm,  Dt/icrnsi'aciim.  Same  etymon  as 
the  last.     Relating  to  spanaemia. 

A    medicine  whose   protracted   use  is  said   to 
impoverish  the  blood,  —  as  iodine,  bromine,  <fcc. 
SPAND AR A PUM,  Sparadrapum. 
SPANING.  Weaning. 

SPANISH  FEjY,  Cantharis— s.  Juice,  Extrac- 
tum  glyoyrrhizie. 

SPAN  .NT  ADR  A  PUM,  Sparadrapum. 
SPANOPO'CJON,  from  mrnvos,  'rare,'  and  mo- 
yiiiv,  '  beard.'     One  who  has  lost  his  beard,  or  has 
a  thin  beard. 

The  Greeks  called  those  who  had  little  beard, 
or  who  ba<l  lost  it,  S/>niiopoi/o' nf;>i. 
SPAR  ADR  A  PA,  Sparadrapum. 
SPAR  AD  RAPIER.  Tne  name  of  a  machine 
for  spreading  sparadraps.  A  Plaster  machine. 
It  consists  of  a  table,  witli  two  raised  pieces,  mo- 
vable, anil  furnished  with  points,  by  which  the 
cloth  can  bo  stretched,  and  of  a  lamina  or  blade 
of  metal  to  extend  the  plaster  over  it. 

SPARADRA'PUM,  Spara'lra'pa,  Sparadra- 
2>'i8,  Tela  emplas'tica  seu  ciiipfan'trico,  Spandara'- 
pnm,  Spaiiiiitdfa'piuii,  (F.)  Sparadrap.  Any  ad- 
hesive plaster  spread  upon  linen  or  paper.  The 
chief  sparailraps  are  the  following:— 

SpAUAnKAPUM  AD^/^;sI'vu^f,  Adhe'sive  Plaster. 
A  spread  plaster  of  the  Einplantriim  adhcesivum. 
It  is  also  called  Slrappinr/. 

Eiii/liih  Court  Pliistc'r  is  a  Sparadrap,  (F.) 
Taffetas  aqijlntinatif,  T.  cpunme.  Taffetas  d'Ail- 
(/leterre,  Ser'iciiin  Aii'i/licinn,  Pmjj/as'triim  An- 
ijUciim.  E.  An(jlica'7iiiiii,  E.  Adhessi'vuni  Wood- 
Htock'il,  E.  IchlhiidCdl'lfB  IpIcb  hidiw'tum,  E.  Glu- 
tino'snm,  Tela  IchthyocDl'lee  (//n'tliians,  Isinglass 
Plaster.  It  is  made  by  stretching  black  silk,  and 
brushing  it  over  with  a  solution  of  isinglass  5j, 
in  proof  spirit  ^xij,  to  which  tinct.  benzoin,  ^i], 
are  adilod.  When  dry,  this  is  repeated  five  times ; 
after  this,  two  coats  are  given  it  of  a  solution  of 
tereh.  ChioB  ,^iv,  in  tinct.  henz.  ^vj,  which  render 
it  less  liable  to  crack. 

Liston's  Isinglass  Plaster  is  made  by  spreading 
several  coats  of  strong  solution  of  isinglass  in 
weak  spirit  over  oiled  silk,  or,  still  better,  over 
animal  membrane  previously  prepared  for  the 
purpose  from  the  peritoneal  coat  of  the  cajcum  of 
tlie  ox. 

Sparadrapum  pro  Fontic'iilis,  Issue  Plaster, 
is  sometimes  made  of  simple  diachylon,  tbij  ;  liiir- 
gnndij  pitch  and  sarcocolla,  each  ,^iv:  common 
turpentine,  ,^j.  Spread  upon  linen  and  polished 
•with  a  moistened  calendering  glass  rubber. 
Sparadrapum  seu  Ti;la  Galteki,   Defensive 


Plaster,  (F.)  Toile  de  Gautier,  This  is  made  of 
olive  oil,  Ibss;  suet,  ,^iv;  wax,  .^x;  lilhargf, 
common  turpentine,  thus,  and  mastich,  ua,  3 'J' 
bole  armeniac,  Jioiir,  iia  ^^J-  Pour  it,  while 
liquid,  upon  cloth,  and  spread.  Used  for  issues 
and  to  keep  on  dressings. 

Sparabua'pum  Vesicatc'rium.  Several  sub- 
stances have  been  introduced  as  substitutes  fur 
blistering  plaster,  (see  Emplastrum  Lyttas,)  under 
the  names.  Tela  vesicato'ria,  Blistering  Tissue, 
&c.,  and  other  forms  of  which  are  the  Taffetas 
vesicant  ou  ^pispastiqne,  Papier  fpispaslique, 
Charta  vesicato'ria.  They  arc  made  of  an 
ethereal  or  alcoholic  extract  of  cantharides,  or  of 
cantharidin,  mixed  with  wax,  and  sjiread,  in  a 
very  fine  layer,  on  silk  or  paper  previously  oiled 
or  waxed.     They  are  eflScient  agents. 

Sparadrapum  A'iu'ide,  Com  Plaster.  This 
may  be  made  of  yellow  wax,  tbij  ;  Burgundy 
pitch,  ^xij;  common  turpentine,  '^\y,  verdigris, 
%\\];  spread  on  cloth  and  polished. 

Kennedy's  Corn  Plaster  is  made  of  yellow  wax, 
!bj  ;   Venice  turpentine,  "^Vy,   verdigris,  ,^j. 
SPARADRAPUS,  Sparadrapum. 
SPARAGMA,  Laceration. 
SPARAGMOS,  Spasm. 
SPARAGUS,  Asparagus. 

SPARAL'LIUM,  Clyster  nteri'nns.  An  injec- 
tion into  the  vagina.  —  Ruland  and  Johnson. 

SPAREDIA.  A  ligature  covered  with  the 
white  of  egg. —  Paracelsus. 

SPARGA'NIUM  RAMO'SUM,  Great  Bur- 
reed,,  from  Sparganon,  owing  to  the  ribbon-like 
leaves.  Indigenous:  Orc/c-,  TyphaeeoB  ;  flowering 
in  .luly  and  August.  The  roots  are  subastrin- 
gent,  but  esculent;  yielding  a  fine  fecula,  simi- 
lar to  salep.  They  are  sometimes  made  into  a 
poultice  for  inflamed  mammae. 

SPAR'GANON,  Spar'ganum,  from  airapyw,  'I 
swathe,'  'I  wrap.'  'Swathing  clothes;'  a  kind 
of  bandage,  with  which  children  were  formerly 
surrounded.  —  Foesius.     Also,  a  fascia. 

SPARGANO'SIS,  Spargo'sis,  Intumescen'tia 
lac'tea  mninnia'rum  Jfastodyn'ia  polyg'ala,  from 
ami()yaij), '  I  am  ready  to  burst.'  Extreme  disten- 
sion of  the  breasts  by  milk.  Sparganosis  also 
means  the  wrapping  of  a  child  in  swathing  clothes. 
Sparganosis  Pubuperarpm,  Phlegmatia  do- 
lens. 

SPARGANUM,  Sparganon. 
SPARROWGRASS,  Asparagus. 
SPARSUS,  Sporadic. 

SPAR'TIUM  JUN'CEUM,  Spanish  broom. 
Ord.  Leguminosa;.  A  small  European  shrub, 
cultivated  in  the  gardens  of  the  United  States,  on 
account  of  its  yellow  flowers.  The  seeds  are 
diuretic  and  tonic,  in  small  doses;  emetic  and 
cathartic  in  large.  They  have  been  used  in 
dropsy  — 10  or  15  grains  three  times  a  day. 

Spartium  Scoi'a'uium,  Cyt'isns  scopa'rins,  Ge- 
nis'ta,  G.  scopa'rii(  seu  hirsn'ta,  Cytisogenistn, 
Broom,  (F.)  Genet  d  balai.  Broom  Tops,  Spartii 
Cacnniinu,  Scopa'rins,  (Ph.  U.  S.,)  have  a  bitter 
taste,  and  are  possessed  of  diuretic  properties. 
They  have  been  used  in  dropsies.  Dose,  of  the 
powder,  Qj  to  ^].  All  the  genistae  have  similar 
virtues.  A  decoction  of  genista,  along  with  the 
cauterization  of  the  pustules  under  the  tongue, 
has  been  recommended  in  hydro[)hobia. 
Spartium  TiNcroiturM,  Genista  tinctoria. 
SPASM,  Sjinsmus,  Sparag'mos,  Synol'ce,  Spndn, 
from  tjTTau),  '  I  draw.'  The  Greeks  gave  this  name 
to  all  kinds  of  convulsions.  It  is  now  usually 
applied  to  involuntary  muscular  contractions; 
and  these.  aLrain,  have  been  diviiled  into  tonic 
spasm,  Paralou'ia,  which  consists  in  permanent 
rigidity  and  immobility  of  the  muscles  that  are 
the  seat  of  it  (see  Tetanus);  and  clonic  spasm, 


SrASMATICUS 


R  .-.  ?, 


SPECULUM 


which   consists  in  alternate  contractions  and  re- 
laxation? (see  Convulsion). 

Ciillen  bus  a  class,  Sjmsmi  —  the  neiirospasmi 
of  Fuchs. 

SPAs>f,  Clonic,  Convulsion  —  s.  Cynic,  see  Ca- 
nine laugh. 

Spasm  op  thr  Oi,ottis,  Asthma  thymicum. 

Spasm,  IIisTnroNic,  of  thk  Face,  see  Tic. 

Spasm  op  tuk  Lvuynx,  Asthma  thymicum. 

Spasm,  Masticatory,  op  tiih  Face,  Trismus. 

Spasm  with  Rigidity,  Tetanus. 

Spasm,  Wiutkus'.  Involuntary  spasms  of  the 
muscles  of  the  thumb  and  index  Cn<;or,  observed, 
at  times,  in  those  who  are  much  accustomed  to 
writing-     St»p  Cramp,  writers'. 

SPASM ATICIIS,  Spasmotieus. 

SPASM ATODKS,  Spasmotieus. 

SPASME  DE  LA  GLOTTE  ET  I)U  THO- 
RAX, Asthma  thymicum  —  s.  de  la  Vesaie,  Cys- 
tospasinus. 

SPASMr,  spoSpasm. 

SPASMODRS,  Convulsive. 

SPASMODIC,  Spasmotieus. 

SPASMOL'OGY,  SpriHmolixf'in,  from  ovaajjLOi, 
'spasm,'  and  Xoyog,  'a  treatise.'  A  treatise  on 
spasms. 

SPASMOLYOMUS,  Singultus. 

SPASMOT'ICUS,  SpaaiiKit'lcHS,  fJpamnnto'deK, 
SpuH'ticHn.  SpitHti'c,  Spanniod'ic,  (F.)  Spiismoili- 
que,  Spaslique,  from  airaafioi,  'spasm.'  Anything 
reliitins  to  spasm.     Also,  an  antispasmodic. 

Morbi  consln'cto'rii,  3f.  sp(i»mut'ici,  &C..,  are 
diseases  accompanied  with  spasm. 

SPASMUS,  Convulsion,  Spasm  —  s.  Aurium, 
Otnl^ria — s.  Bronchialis,  Asthma — s.  Caninus,  see 
Canine  laugh — s.  Clonicus,  Convulsion — s.  Cyni- 
cus.  see  Canine  laugh — s.  Facialis,  Tic — s.  Glot- 
tidis.  Asthma  thymicum  —  s.  Lingute,  Glosso- 
spiismus — s.  Maxillae  inferioris,  Trismus — s.  Mus- 
cularis,  Cramp  —  s.  Musculorum  Faciei,  Canine 
laugh  —  s.  Nutans,  Convulsion,  salaam  —  s.  Peri- 
phericns.  Ilorrida  cutis — s.  Universalis,  Synclonus 
—  s.  Vcntriculi,  sec  Cardialgia — s.  Vesicae,  Cys- 
tosp.Tsmus. 

SPAS'NIA,  same  etymon  as  Spasm.  [?]  A 
term  used  by  Morcurialis  to  designate  the  lanci- 
nating pain  produced,  at  times,  in  the  chest  by 
viulont  fits  of  coughing. 

SPASTIC,  Spasmotieus,  Tonic  spasm. 

SPASTICUM,  Tetanic. 

SPATHA,  Hvpaleiptron. 

SPATIIES'TER,  from  a^a(^,  'I  draw.'  A 
surgical  instrument,  used  for  drawing  the  prepuce 
over  the  chins,  when  too  short.  —  P.  Amman. 

SPATIIOMELE,  Spatula. 

SPATMULA,  Scapula,  Spatula  — s.  Foetida, 
Iris  fietidissima. 

SPATIIYEMA  FCETIDA,  Dracontium  foeti- 
duin, 

SPATIA  INTERLOBULARES,  Interlobular 
fissures.        _ 

SPAT'ILE,  ffrari'Xtj,  'human  excrement.'  A 
liquid  fecal  evacuation.  Excrement.  —  Hippo- 
crates. 

SPATIUM  ORIS.  Mouth— s.  Trigonum,  Lyra. 

SPATTERDOCK,  Nuphar  advena. 

SPAT'ULA,  Spath'nin,  diminutive  of  Spntlia, 
a-rn^r],  '  n  broad-sword.'  Spnthniiie'le,  Specill'um 
/'iliini.  An  instrument  used  for  spreading  plas- 
ters, stirring  ointments,  holding  down  the  tongue, 
itc.     Also,  the  scapula. 

Spati'i.a  pug  Ore,  Glossospatha. 

SPAFl),  Ilnmerus. 

SPA  IT,,  Saliva. 

SPATT  RONE,  Humerus, 

SPWV-RONE,  Humerus. 

SPVYINt^.see  Castration. 

SPIvWIXG-BRASH,  Brash,  weaning. 

SPEARWORT,  Ranunculus  flammula. 


SPEAUTER.  Zinc. 

SPECIAL,  see  Specific. 

SPECIALIST,  (F.)  SpMalhte.  One  who 
devotes  himself  to  a  specialty:  as  to  diseases  of 
particular  parts,  as  of  the  eye,  ear,  chest,  <tc. 

SPECIES,  (F.)  Enpieen,  SpMolea,  Thex  com- 
ponei.  Officinal  mixtures  of  substances  cut  or 
bruised.  Sometimes  used  for  compound  powders, 
as  it  always  appears  to  have  been  formerly.  See 
Pulvis. 

Spboiks  Aromatic.^,,  Pulvis  cinnamomi  com- 
positus  —  s.  Diacinnamomi,  Pulvis  cinnamomi 
compositus — s.  Diacretae,  Pulvis  crctap  compos. — 
s.  Diajalapas,  Pulvis  jalapse  compositus — s.  Diam- 
bra)  sine  odoratis,  Pulvis  cinnamomi  compositus 
— s.  Diatragacanthas  frigidse,  Pulvis  tragacnnthi« 
compositus  —  s.  Hierae  picrae,  Pulvis  aloes  cum 
canella  —  s.  Laetificantes  Rhazis,  Pulvis  cinna- 
momi compositus — s.  e  Scordio  cum  opio,  Pulvis 
cretae  compositus  cum  opio  —  s.  e  Scordio  sine 
opio,  Pulvis  cretae  compositus. 

SPECIF'IC,  Spedf'icHS,  Nosocrat'io,  (F.)  Spe'- 
djique,  from  species,  'a  form  or  fashion,'  and 
fdcere,  'to  make,'  A  substance  to  which  is  at- 
tributed the  special  property  of  removing  some 
particular  disease.  Probably  no  such  remedy 
exists.  Merew-y  in  syphilis,  and  nidphur  in  the 
itch,  have  been  regarded  as  the  strongest  exam- 
ples. The  word  is  also  used  adjectively  in  the 
sense  of  special ;  as  "mercury  has  a  sjjecijic  or 
apee{(d  action  on  the  salivary  glands." 

Spkcific  of  IlF-RRF.NSCHWANr).  A  once  cele- 
brated German  vermifuge.  It  is  said  to  have 
consisted  of  10  grains  of  Gandxnje,  with  20  of 
Carbonate  of  Patassa.  It  is  afiirmed,  that  mer- 
cury and  arsenic  have  also  been  found  in  it. — 
Paris. 

SPECIFICUM  PARACELSI,  Potassfe  sul- 
phas. 

SPECIL'LUM,  3hle,  Sti/lns,  E.rplorato'rinm, 
from  specio,  '  I  examine,'  Specla'rioii,  a  probe, 
(F.)  Stylet,  Snude.  A  surgical  instrument,  em- 
ployed for  examining  wounds,  fistulas,  and  for 
passing  setons,  <tc.  It  is  usually  formed  of  sil- 
ver; and  is  terminated,  at  one  end,  by  an  olive- 
shaped  button.  The  eyed  probe  has  an  aperture 
at  the  other  extremity. 

Spkcillum,  Everriculum,  H3'paleiptron,  Souml 
— s.  Auricularium,  Apyromele  —  s.  Cereum,  Bmi- 
fjie — s.  Excavatum,  Stylus  excavatus — s.  Latum, 
Spatula  —  s.  Minus,  Melotis. 

SPECIOLE,  Species. 

SPECKS  OF  THE  CORNEA,  see  Caligo. 

SPECLARION,  Speeillum. 

SPECTACLES,  from  spectare,  'to  behold;' 
Coiispicil'la,  (Sc.)  Breels,  (F.)  Besivles,  Lintetles 
ordiiiaires,  Ocnserres.  Glasses  to  assist  the  sight; 
arranged  so  as  to  be  adapted  to  both  eyes.  These 
glasses  are  more  or  less  concare  or  convex,  accord- 
ing as  the  sight  is  more  or  less  short,  (myopic,) 
or  long,  (presbyopic.)  When  the  glass  is  adapted 
to  one  eve,  it  is  called  an  Eyeqlass,  Conspicil'hini, 
Perspicil'liim,   Vitrtim  ocnia're. 

SPECULA'RIS  LAPIS.  A  transparent  mine- 
ral, but  of  what  nattire  is  not  clear,  which  was 
formerly  employed  in  epilepsy.  In  old  times  it 
was  used  for  glass. —  Pliny. 

SPECULUM,  Catop'ter,  Calop'tron,  Diop'tron. 
In  Latin,  'a  mirror;'  from  specio,  'I  see.'  In 
surgery,  it  means  different  instruments  for  dila- 
ting cavities,  and  facilitatin<r  their  examination. 
See  Dilator.  There  are  various  instruments  of 
this  kind, — the  S.  Ani,  S.  Aitris,  S.  Vatpntg, 
(Colpeiiri/ti'ter,  Eh/lreiirynter,)  S.  Mntri'cis,  S. 
Oculi,  S.  Oris  ((F.)  Bdillon,)  S.  Gutturis,  S. 
Vesicff. 

SpF.crLiTM  Citri>mtm.  Orpiment  —  s.  Indicura, 
Ferri  limatura — s.  Lucidum,  Septum  lucidum — s. 


SPECUS 


854 


SPERMATIC 


Oris,  Glossocatochus — s.  Veneris,  Achillea  millc- 
lolinm. 

SPECUS,  Vulva  — s.  Cordis,  Ventricle  of  the 
Heart — s.  Pro  medulla  spinali,  see  Vertebral  co- 
lumn— ?.  Vertebralis,  see  Vertebral  column. 

SPKDALSKE,  see  Radzyo-e. 

SPEDALSKHED,  see  Radzyge. 

SPEKCH,  Voice,  articulated. 

SPEECHLESSNESS,  Mutitas. 

SPKEDIMAN'S  PILLS,  see  Pilulae  aloes  et 
mvrrliie. 

SPEEDWELL,  BROOKLIME,  Veronica  bec- 
cabunga — s.  Female,  Antirhinum  clatine — s.  Offi- 
cinal, Veronica — s.  Purslain,  Veronica  peregrina 
—  s.  Water,  Veronica  beccabunga. 

SPELL-BONE,  Fibula. 

SPKLTRUxM,  Zincum. 

SPERAGE,  Asparagus. 

SPERAGUS,  Asparagus. 

SPERM,  <r-£/);ja,  avip/iaros,  from  crzcipo),  '  I  SOW.' 
Speniiat'ic  jtnid  or  liquor,  ^eiii'ixal  Jliiid,  Seeil, 
ts'einen,  S.  viri'le  seu  7iinseii!i'iiHiii  seu  geuita'le, 
SeniiH'inm,  Geiiita'le,  Jfedul'lce,  Itos.  Sanguis, 
S''ni>i),  Humor  genita'lis  seu  scmina'lls  seu  vc- 
ve'reuH,  Uri'nn  geuitn'Us,  Geiiitu'ra,  Spermn,  S. 
viri'le,  -^pernii' um,  Tho're,  Tho'rus,  Lac  niarin, 
Lnf/ne'a,  Lagiii'a,  La/pteu'ma,  Germeit,  Vita'le 
I'irns,  J\frde's  luillc,  Proj/itgatory  or  genital 
lif/Hor,  Vital  or  quickening  venom,  (F.)  Semence, 
Flaide  seminal.  A  whitish,  viscid  fluid,  of  a  pecu- 
liar smell,  secreted  by  the  testicles,  whence  it  is 
carried  by  the  vasa  deferentia  to  the  vesiculse 
seininales,  to  be  thrown  into  the  vagina,  during 
coition,  through  the  ejaculatury  ducts  and  the 
urethra.  It  is  the  fecundating  tluid,  and  must 
come  into  actual  contact  with  the  germ  of  the 
female.  The  Aura  sem'inis,  Gonau'ra,  is  inca- 
])able  of  effecting  fecundation.  The  semen,  at 
the  time  of  emission,  is  composed  of  two  different 
iluids  ;  the  one  liquid  and  transparent,  which  is 
considered  to  be  tlie  secretion  of  the  prostate, — 
the  otlier,  white,  and  as  thick  as  mucilage;  the 
product  of  the  testicular  secretion.  The  sperm 
contains,  according  to  Vauquclin,  900  parts  of 
water,  50  of  animal  mucilage,  10  of  soda,  and  30 
of  calcareous  phosphate.  The  animal  matter  is 
peculiar,  and  by  some  termed  spermatin. 

Microscopic  observations  show  that  it  contains 
spermatozo'a,  or  more  properly  spermatozo' ids ; 
for  their  animalcular  nature  is  not  demonstrated. 
They  are  produced  in  cells  —  sperm-cells  —  and 
have  probably  no  more  title  to  be  considered  ani- 
malcular, than  the  cilia  of  the  ciliated  epithelium. 
By  curjcful  examination,  other  minute,  round, 
granulated  bodies  may  almost  always  be  de- 
tected, which  are  in  all  cases  much  less  nume- 
rous than  the  spermatozoa.  These  bodies  are  the 
semiuid  granxdes,  gran' idrt  sem'inis.  Pure  sperm, 
in  its  most  perfect  state,  consists  principally  of 
spermatozoids  and  seminal  granules;  both  of 
which  are  enveloped  in  a  sm.all  quantity  of  fluid, 
liquor  sem'inis,  spennat'ic  liquor. 

It  has  been  imagined,  but  erroneously,  that 
during  coition  there  is  a  secretion  of  female  sperm 
— Semen  mulie'bre,  Theli/g'onum.  The  increased 
secretion  that  takes  place  is  chiefly  from  the 
glands  of  Duvernej'. 

Sperm  also  means  spermaceti. 
Si'KUM  Cell,  see  Sperm. 

SPERMA,  Sperm  —  s.  Mercurii,  Ilydrargyrus 
acetatus. 

Spkkwa  Rana'rttm,  Spern'i'ola  sen  Sperni'olum 
seu  Spermi'ola  seu  Spermi'ohim  rana'rum.  Frog's 
spawn.     Once  used  in  medicine. 

SPERMACETI,  Cetaceum— s.  Whale,  see  Ce- 
taceum. 

SPERMACRASIA,  Spermatorrhoea. 
SPERMATACRASIA,  Spermatorrhoea. 
SPERMATACRATIA,  Spermatorrhoea. 


SPERMAT'IC,  Spermnl'icus,Semina'lis,  Sem'- 
inal,  (F.)  SjK'nnatique,  from  a^cp/ta,  arrcpixaTof. 
That  which  relates  to  the  .'^iicrm.  A  name  given 
to  diftcrent  parts  connected  with  the  organs  of 
generation. 

Spkrmatic  Autkhiks,  Arteria  Spermal' ira  seu 
prcp.paran'tes,  (F.)  Arteres  tcslicidnires,  A.  de 
I'oraire  (Ch.),  are  two  in  number  —  one  on  each 
side — and  arise  from  the  siiles  of  the  arota,  some- 
times from  the  renal  arteries.  Tlicj'  descend, 
almost  vertically,  at  the  sides  of  tlie  vertebral 
column,  and  are  distributed  differently  in  the 
two  sexes.  In  man,  the  spermatic  artery,  situate 
at  the  side  of  the  vas  deferens,  issues  by  the  ab- 
dominal ring;  gives  numerous  ramifications  to 
the  spermatic  cord,  and  divides  into  fasciculi  of 
branches,  one  of  which  goes  to  the  testicle, — the 
other  to  the  epididymis.  In  the  female,  tiic 
spermatic  artery,  ova'rian  artery,  dil)S  into  the 
pelvis,  and  passes  to  the  ovarium,  Fallopian  tube, 
and  round  ligament. 

Si'KiiMATic  Coimi  or  Ciionn,  Testic'ular  Cord, 
Fnnic'ulns  S/>er)nalicns,  Corpus  varico'snm,  (F.) 
Cordon  spertnatique  ou  testicnlaire.  The  vascular 
and  nervous  chord,  by  which  the  testicle  is  sus- 
pended. It  is  composed  of  the  s))erniatic  artery 
and  veins;  of  other  sunill  vessels;  of  lympliatics; 
of  nervous  filaments  from  the  spernnilic  plexus, 
and  from  the  genito-crural  branch  of  the  lunibo- 
abdominal  plexus  ;  of  the  vas  deferens,  and,  very 
often,  of  a  fibro-cellular  cord,  which  unites  the 
peritoneum  to  the  ujiper  part  of  the  tunica  vagi- 
nalis, and  in  which  encj'Sted  hydrocele  of  the 
spermatic  cord  occurs.  All  these  parts  are  uni- 
ted together  by  a  very  lax,  areolar  tissue,  and 
surrounded  by  coats,  which,  reckoning  from  with- 
out, are  : —  1.  The  skin  and  areolar  membrane. 
2.  A  fibro-cellular  membrane,  formed  by  the  fas- 
cia superficialis.  3.  A  very  thin  layer,  formed  by 
fibres  of  the  cremaster  muscle,  united  archwise 
before,  and  often  also  behind,  the  cord.  4.  The 
proper  sheath  of  the  spermatic  vessels,  or  the  tu- 
bular prolongation  furnished  by  the  fascia  trans- 
versalis  to  tlie  chord,  on  a  level  with  the  superior 
orifice  of  the  inguinal  canal.  The  spermatic 
cord  is  commonly  shorter  on  the  right  side  than 
on  the  left;  and  of  a  different  size  in  different 
individuals.  It  ascends,  almost  vertically,  from 
the  superior  margin  of  the  testicle  as  far  as  the 
lower  orifice  of  the  inguinal  canal ;  passes  through 
this  canal  and  enters  the  abdomen,  crossing  the 
epigastric  artery.  Here  it  forms  an  evident 
elbow,  directing  its  course  backward.  At  this 
part,  also,  the  organs  composing  it  separate  from 
each  other:  —  the  vas  deferens  descending  into 
the  pelvis  to  pass  behind  the  bladder; — the  blood- 
vessels and  lympathics  ascending  towards  the 
lumbar  region,  Ac. 

Si'KHMATic  Filaments,  Spermatozoa — s.  Fluid, 
Sperm. 

Si'ERMATic  Ganglion.  A  large  ganglion, 
formed  by  branches  from  the  hypogastric  gang- 
lion, and  from  the  spermatic  plexus.  It  supplies 
the  fundus  uteri.  Besides  these  ganglia.  Dr. 
Robt.  Lee  describes  r<?«'i"ca^  and  vag" inal  ganglia, 
and  anterior  and  posterior  sxd/peritone'al  ganglia 
and  p)^exuses,  which  communicate  with  the  pre- 
ceding, and  constitute  an  extensive  nervous  rete 
over  the  entire  uterus. 

Spermatic  Liqi'OR,  Liquor  seminis,  see  Sperm. 

Spermatic  Passages  or  Ways,  Via  Sperma- 
ticm,  are  the  canals  concerned  in  the  excretion 
of  semen.     See  Testicle. 

Spermatic  Plexuses  of  nerves,  Plexus  testicn- 
lares,  are  two  in  number,  and  are  furnished  by 
the  renal  plexuses.  Their  filaments,  called  Sper- 
matic nerves,  follow  the  arteries  of  the  same  name 
to  the  testicle  in  man  ;  and  to  the  ovary  and  Fal- 
lopian tube  in  the  female, — ova'rian  nervca.   They 


SPERMATIN 


85  5 


SPHENOID 


cannot  be  traced   into   the   substance   of  these 

Si'KRMATic  Vbfns  are  two  or  three  in  number 
on  each  siile.  They  accompany  the  spermatic 
nrtcry,  and  open  —  those  of  tlie  right,  into  the 
vena  cava  inferior;  those  of  the  left,  into  the 
correspondiii;;  renal  vein.  These  veins  form, 
ahove  the  testicle,  a  kind  of  venous  network, 
called,  by  some,  the  S/)ermiitic  Ple.Tim  ;  and  an- 
other plexus  before  the  psoas  muscles,  called  the 
Cdi/hih  inniipi'iil forme. 
Sl'HKMA'rrSl,  see  Sperm. 

.Sl'ERMATIS'MUS,  Emi«'Hio  aem'im'x,  from 
(TirtpHu,  (TTtpfiaroj,  'sperm.'  The  emission  of  sperm. 
Six^i'iiKf'^i"!"-  or  Anhiinl'ciiltKiii  is  the  doctrine, 
whifli  maintains  that  the  embryo  is  produced  by 
the,  SCI  called,  spermatic  animalcules. 

SI'ERMATIST,  Animalculist. 

.Sl'KKMATOCOCCr,  Spermatozoa. 

Sl'EKMATOCE'LE,  H,-ni!n  Kemina'Hs  m-rot!, 
Oxchf.iic.e'le  semi  nil' /In,  Gaiiiice'le,  from  OTtcftixfi, 
ajrepiiiTo!,  'sperm,'  and  kjA'?,  'a  tumour.'  The 
ancients  gave  this  name  to  certain  swellings  of 
the  testicle  which  were  regarded  as  produced  by 
an  accumulation  of  sperm  in  tlie  organ.  Also, 
varicocflo. 

SPEllMATOCLEMMA,  see  Pollution. 

SPEHMATOCLEPSLS,  see  Pollution. 

S1'ERMAT0CYSTID0RRHA(}"IA,  Cnulor- 
rhii(/"ia  cjdciilato'rla,  Utp.niutu' riii  ejacnlnto'ria 
scu  hoiii'iki'IIh,  from  aircfiiia,  aTTcpiiaroi,  '  sperm,' 
Kv<TTt(,  'bladder,'  and  fiiyjy,  'a  hreaking  forth.' 
A  discharge  of  blood  from  the  urethra,  or  the  act 
of  ejaeulation  of  sperm. 

S'PEKMATODES,  Gonoides. 

SPERMATOGON'IA,  Spentwf/on'ia,  Spenna- 
ti>i/fjp'<t,  Spenit'itopoe'sis,  Sjieniti'iiin,  from  a-ripim, 
orncfiiiitTof,  '  sperm,'  and  yevvaia,  '  to  beget.'  The 
preparatitm  or  secretion  of  sperm. 

SPERMATOID,  Gonoides. 

SPKKMAT0L15PSIS,  see  Pollution. 

SPERMATOLIPSrS,  see  Pollution. 

SPERMATOL'OGY,  S'pcnii«iolo</"  in,  from 
onifiixa,  awepii'iTOi,  'sperm,'  and  Xuyo$,  'a  discourse.' 
A  treatise  on  sperm. 

SPERMATOPIPOROUS,  Seii,!n!f'ernm,  from 
anr.pfia,  a-tpixaTOi,  'sperm,'  and  ipcpm,  'I  carry.' 
Sperm-bearing.  The  cells  or  granules  in  the 
sperm  have  been  so  called. 

SPKRMATOPCEA,  Spermatogonia. 

SPERMATOPOESTS,  Spermatogonia. 

SPERMATOPOETIC,  Spermatopoeus. 

SPERMATOPCE'US,  SpermatcpoHt'icus,  Sper- 
mcitnpiiel'ic,  Goiiepw'uH,  Gonepoet'iciin,  Gonopoet'-. 
ic»v,  from  ovepiia,  aTcpnaros,  'sperm,' and  voittv, 
'  to  make.'  Food,  to  which  has  been  attributed 
the  property  of  augmenting  the  secretion  of  se- 
men ;  and,  consequently,  of  exciting  the  venereal 
act.  Very  succulent  and  very  nutritious  sub- 
stances have  been  so  considered. 

SPERMATORRHCE'A,  Sperm orrJuf'n,  Sper- 
tiiacni'm'a,  S/iertiKitoze'min,  Spertnatncra'aia,  Go- 
vacrn'm'ii,  Gonnrrnti'a,  Goiioze'mia,  Spermnla- 
cnil'i'n,  Gi>»nrrh<e'a  vera,  (F.)  Flux  lie  Sperme, 
J'olliitloiix,  Pertes  Hemlnixlest  ;  from  antpua,  airtpfin- 
Tof,  'sperm,'  and  pcia,  'I  flow.'  An  emission  of 
sperm,  without  copulation.  See  Gonorrhoea,  and 
Pollution. 

Si'KUMATORRHCEA  Atontca,  Gonorrhoea  laxo- 
rum. 

SPERMAT0S'CIIESlS,from(7i7tp,ia,  (Trtp/iarof, 
'sperm.'  and  o-Yf"'?.  'retention.'  Retention  or 
suppression  of  the  spermatic  secretion. 

SPERMATOZEMIA.  Spermatorrhoea. 

SPERMATOZO'A,  Zoonper'matn,  from  avcp/jta, 
trrriiiiiiToi,  'sperm.'  and  ^mov,  'animal.'  Aiii- 
mnl'riilii  nemliin'llri  sen  spermnt'lcn,  Flln  uper- 
mal'lca,  Corpimcnla  aem'tnis,  apermatococ'ci,  Ver- 


iiilc'iili  spermat'ici,  Spermatozo'ich,  Sem'iiiul  or 
spermiitic  jit'anteuta,  Spermatic  or  seminal  ani- 
mal'cides  [?],  (F.)  ZooKpermca,  Spennatozoairea 
Reputed  animalcules  seen  in  the  sperm  ;  by  niosl 
physiologists  supposed  to  be  the  formative  agents 
in  generation.      See  Sperm. 

SPEIIMA  TOZOAIHES,  Spermatozoa. 
SPERM ATOZOIDS,  Spermatozoa, 
SPERMIOLUM    RANARUM,  Sperma  rana- 
rum. 

SPERMIUM,  Sperm,  Spermatogonia. 

SPERMOBOLE,  see  Ejaculation,  Spermatis- 
miis. 

SPERMOEDIA  CLAVUS,  Ergot. 

SPERMOtJONIA,  Spermatogonia. 

SPERMORRH(EA,  Spermatorrhoea. 

SPERNIOLUM  RANARUM,  Sperma  rana- 
rum. 

SPEWING,  Vomiting. 

SPHACELATED,  Sphacela'tua,  (F.)  Spha- 
cele.  Struck  with  sphacelus. 

SPlIAGliLATION,  Mortification. 

SPIIACE LE,  Sphacelus  —  a.  de  la  Bouclie, 
Cancer  aquaticus. 

SPIIACELIA  SEGETUM,  see  Ergot. 

SPllACELISMUS,  Sphacelus  —  s.  Cerebri, 
Phrenitis. 

SPHACELUS,  a<paKeXoi,  Giini/rcs'na  Sphace- 
Ihs,  Sphacelia'mna,  Cold  morlijiciilioii,  (F.)  Spha- 
cele,  Ginujrene froide,  from  aipa^w,  'I  slay.'  This 
word  is  used,  by  some,  synonymously  with  gan- 
grene :  by  others,  with  gangrene  when  it  occu- 
pies the  whole  substance  of  a  limb.  Commonly, 
it  means  the  disorganized  portion,  in  cases  of 
mortification,  anthraconevro'sia,  which  must  be 
thrown  off, —  or  is,  in  other  words,  totally  dead. 
The  foul  disorganized  portion  of  an  ulcer — called 
the  aluiiijh  —  must  be  considered  a  kind  of  spha- 
celus. 

S()hacelus  was  formerly  used  to  denote  exces- 
sive pain  ;  and  for  agitation  from  excessive  pain, 
or  violent  emotion. 

SpHAcums  Ckrealis,  Ergotism  —  s.  Nosoco- 
mialis.  Hospital  gangrene. 

Sl'H^ERA,  Pila — s.  Marina,  Pila  marina  —  s. 
Thalassia,  Pila  marina. 

SPH.ERANTHUS  INDICUS,  Adaca. 

SPHyE'RIA  SINEN'SIS,  (<7,/.«<pa,  '  a  globe,') 
Hia  Taiio  Tom  Tchum,  Hin  Taao  Tong  Teltong, 
'J'ofaii  Kasn,  Summer  plant  winter  worm.  A  fungus 
which  projects  from  the  neck  of  a  lepidopterous 
insect.  It  is  highly  esteemed  by  the  Chinese 
as  a  tonic,  like  ginseng. 

SPH/ERIDION,  Pilula 

SPH/ERION,  Globule,  Pilula. 

SPIIiEROCEPHALA  ELATIOR,  Echinops. 

SPHyEROCOCCUS  CRISPUS,  Fucus  crispus 
— s.  llelminthochortus,  Corallina  Corsicana  —  s. 
Lichenoides,  Fucus  amvlaceus. 

SPHiERULA  GALENI,  Pilula. 

SrHiEituL^  Sanguinis,  Globules  of  the  blood. 

SPHAGE,  Throat. 

SPHENDONE,  Funda. 

SPHENO,  in  the  composition  of  anatomical 
terms,  usually  means,  belonging  or  relating  to 
the  sphenoid  bone. 

SPHENOCEPHA'LIA.  from  aipw,  'a  wedge.' 
and  KctfiaXn,  '  head.'  Monstrosity,  in  which  the 
head  is  wedge  shaped,  owing  to  the  projection 
of  the  anterior  fontanel  region. 

SPHEXO-EPJNEUSE,  (Arth-e,)  Meningeal 
arterv,  middle. 

SP"HEN0ID,  SphenoVdea,  Splieuo'dca,  Splie- 
uoh'deiia,  Splieno'ida'lia,  (F.)  Sphfnoide,  from 
ai}>tfv,  '  a  wedge,'  and  aio;, '  resemblance.'  Wedge- 
shaped.     Hence, 

SpHKSOID   Bone,   Sphemiidea   oa,    Os    haaila'ri 
,1  sea  citnei/ur'nie  seu  cu'neo  cuinpara'tum  scu  ajjhc- 


SniENOlDAL 


85  G 


SriIINCTER 


DoicJn'li  ?eu  miiltifor'tne  seu  nz'yijon  sen  papilln'- 
I  e  seu  palijmor'phou  seu  jnurilht'ie  seu  biuilla're 
seu  tilo'J'iir'nie  seu  spheco'i'deinn  seu  i^espi/or'iiie 
seu  iiicoiiJii(j(t'lii>ii  seu  pteri/yn'idciiiii  seu  tiln'tum 
seu  colfito'rii,  Pttr'y()iji<t  hove.  Ah  azj'gous  bone, 
situate  oti  tlie  median  line,  and  at  the  Ijuseof  the 
(Tiiniuni.  It  articulates  with  all  the  other  bones 
of  that  cavity;  supports  them,  and  strengthens 
their  union.  Its  form  is  singular,  and  resembles 
a  bat  with  its  wings  extended.  It  has,  1.  An 
inferior  or  (juttiirid  surface,  on  which  is  situate 
the  crista,  that  joins  the  vomer;  a  channel,  which 
cimcurs  in  forming  the  ptorygo-palatine  foramen  ; 
the  pterygoi<l  process  ;  the  pterygoid  fossa;  the 
scaphoid  depression  ;  the  Vidian  or  pterygoid 
canal;  the  foramina  —  ovale,  spinale,  <fcc.  2.  A 
superior  or  cerebral  surftiee,  on  which  are:  —  the 
clinoid  processes;  the  pituitary  fossa  ;  the/o»'a- 
>iiiii(t  [orole,  rutiiiulidn,  and  npiiuile)  ;  the  -^^jo- 
])hysis  of  Iiif/rassiai  or  lesser  tviii;/ ;  the  foramen 
ippticum,  <fec.  3.  An  occipital  or  posterior  surface, 
which  is  articulated  with  the  basilary  process  of 
the  occipital  bone.  4.  An  anterior  or  orhitar 
nasal  surface;  having,  anteriorly,  a  crista  to 
unite  with  the  ethmoid  bone  ;  and,  on  each  side, 
a  round  aperture,  which  leads  into  two  cavities 
in  the  substance  of  the  bone,  separated  by  a 
'niddle  septum,  and  called  the  sphenoidal  sinuses. 
6.  Two  zyyoniato-teniporal  or  external  surfaces, 
which  correspond  to  the  temporal  and  zygomatic 
fossre. 

Some  divide  the  sphenoid  into  body  or  middle 
portion  ;  and  ata,  which  arc  four  in  number,  and 
are  subdivided  into  ijreat  ( Temporal  Plates  or 
Wiuijs,  Alcp  magua)  and  little  {Apophyses  of  In- 
tjrassias,  AlcB  mino'res,  Processus  enniform'es). 
The  Sphenoid  suture  surrounds  the  bone. 
Sphenoid,  Spinous  Process  of  the.  Sphenoid 
spine. 

SPHENOID'AL,  Sphenoid  a' lis.  That  which 
belongs  or  relates  to  the  sphenoid  bone. 

Sphenoidal  Cor'nua,  Uor'nua  Spheno'ida'Ua, 
(F.)  Cornets  spheno'idaux  ou  de  Bertin,  Osselcts 
de  Bertin,  Ossic'ula  Berti'ni,  Ossn  trianyula'ria, 
Pyr'auiids  of  Wistar.  Two  small,  thin,  and 
curved  bones,  situate  between  the  sphenoid  and 
ethmoid,  with  which  they  are  confounded  in  the 
adult  They  have  the  shape  of  a  hollow  pyramid, 
with  the  base  turned  backwards;  and  are  deve- 
loped by  a  single  point  of  ossification.  They  are 
articulated  with  the  sphenoid,  ethmoid,  palate 
bone,  and  vomer. 

Sphenoidal  or  Supe'rior  Or'bttary  Fissure, 
Fora'men  l(ic"erum  supe'rius,  (F.)  Fente  sphenoi- 
dale, is  a  large  fissure,  situate  between  the  great 
and  little  ala  of  the  sphenoid.  It  is  seen  at  the 
upper  and  back  part  of  the  orbit  between  which 
and  the  cranium  it  is  a  means  of  communication, 
and  transmits  the  third,  fourth,  and  sixth  pair  of 
nerves,  and  the  first  branch  of  the  fifth  pair,  to 
the  eye  and  its  appendages. 

Sphenoidal  Spine,  Spina  seu  Crista  sphetwi- 
dd'lis,  (F.)  jEjilne  sphenoidale,  Sjiiuous  Process 
of  the  Sphenoid  ; — 1.  A  projecting  crista  at  the 
inferior  surface  of  the  sphenoid-bone,  for  articu- 
lation with  the  vomer.  2.  A  triangular  process, 
Apophyse  sous-lemporale  (Ch.),  met  with  near  the 
posterior  margin  of  the  same  bone,  behind  the 
foramen  spinale.  At  the  point  of  the  spinous 
process,  a  styloid  process  is  frequently  met  with. 
SPIIENO'lDES,  Cuneiform,  Sphenoid  — s.  Os, 
Sphenoid  bone. 

SPHENOMAX'ILLARY.  Spheuo-maxilla'ris. 
That  which  relates  to  the  sphenoid  and  maxillary 
bones. 

Sphenomaxillary  Fissure,  Inferior  or'bitar 
Fii-ture,  (¥.}  Fente  spJieno-maxillaire  ou  orbitaire 
iuferieure ;  called,  also,  Fora'men  lac"erum  ?'»- 
/e'rius   seu   sphcnu-maxilla' re,  is  situate  at  the 


posterior  part  of  the  angle  formed  by  tlic  union 
of  the  internal  and  inferior  ]iarictcs  of  the  orbit. 
It  is  constituted,  above,  by  the  sphenoid  bone  ; 
below,  by  the  sujierior  maxillary  and  palato 
bones  ;  and,  before,  by  the  malar  bone.  It  is  nar- 
rower at  the  middle  than  at  the  extremities,  and 
forms  a  communication  l)elweeu  the  orbitar  cavity 
and  the  zygomatic  fossa. 

Sphenomaxillary  Fossa  is  a  name  given  by 
some  anatomists,  to  a  depression  at  the  union  of 
the  sphenomaxillary  and  plerygouiaxillary  fis- 
sures. 

SPIIENO-OR'BITAR.  A  name  given  by  B6- 
clard  to  the  anterior  part  of  tlie  body  (jf  the  sjihe- 
noid  bone,  which  is  developed  by  a  variable  num- 
ber of  points  of  ossification. 

S  P  11  E  N  0  P  A  L '  A  T 1  N  E,  Sphennpalati'mi*. 
That  which  relates  to  the  sphenoid  and  palate 
bones. 

Sphenopalatine  Artery,  Large  lateral  nasal 
A.,  is  the  termination  of  the  internal  maxillary. 
It  enters  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  superior 
meatus  of  the  nose,  through  the  sphcno-jjalatine 
foramen,  and  spreads  its  numerous  branches  on 
the  pituitary  membrane  covering  the  septum,  the 
cornua,  and  the  meatus. 

Sphenopalatine  Fora'men  is  a  round  aper- 
ture, formed  by  the  vertical  portion  of  the  os  pa- 
lati  and  the  sphpnoi<l.  It  establishes  a  commu- 
nication between  the  nasal  fossic  and  the  zygo- 
matic fossa. 

Sphenopalatine  Ganglion,  Ganglion  of  3(ec- 
I.'el,  Spheuo'id'al  G.  (Ch.)  A  small,  nervous,  cor- 
diform,  or  triangular  ganglion,  of  variable  size, 
situate  without  the  foramen  sphacno-palatinuiu, 
in  the  pterygomaxillary  fissure.  It  seems  sus- 
pended by  several  nervous  filaments  to  the  trunk 
of  the  superior  maxillary  nerve,  and  gives  off 
internal  or  sphloiopalatine  filaments,  inferior  or 
palatine  filanientu,  and  a  posterior  filament,  which 
is  the  Vidian  or  jiterygoid  nerve. 

vSphenopalatine  ^F.nVES, Lat'eralnasal  nerves, 
arise  from  the  ganglion  —just  described  —  at  its 
inner  part,  and  enter  the  nasal  fossiu  by  the  sphe- 
nopalatine foramen.  They  are  five  or  six  in  num- 
ber, and  distribute  their  filaments  to  the  outer 
and  inner  parietes  of  the  nasal  fossae.  One  of 
the  most  remarkable  branches  is  the  Naso-pala- 
tine. 

SPHENOPALATINTJS,  Levator  palati. 

SPIIENOPAIU'ETAL,  Spheno.parieta'lis. 
That  which  belongs  or  relates  to  the  sphenoid 
and  parietal  bones. 

Sphenoparietal  Siitiire  is  formed  by  the  ar- 
ticulation of  the  extremity  of  the  greater  ala  of 
the  sphenoid  with  the  anterior  and  inferior  angle 
of  the  parietal  bone. 

SPHENO-PTERYGO-PALATINUS,  Circum- 
flexus — s.  Salpingostaphylinus,  Circumflexus — ». 
Solpinc/o-mallien,  Laxator  tympani. 

SPIIEXOSIS,  see  AVedged. 

SIMIEXOSTAPIIYLINUS,  Levator  palati. 

SPII  EN  OTEMP'ORAL,  Spheno  -  temporalis. 
That  which  belongs  to  the  sphenoid  and  temporal 
bones. 

Sphenotemporal  Sutiire  is  the  suture  at  the 
articulation  of  the  great  aUc  of  the  sphenoid  bone 
with  the  squamous  portion  of  the  temporal.  Be- 
clard  gives  the  name  sphenotemporal  to  the  pos- 
terior part  of  the  body  of  the  sphenoid,  which  is 
developed  by  distinct  points  of  ossification. 
SPHEX.Wasp. 

SPHINCTER,  <7(^iy<tr^p,  Constrir'tor,  Musc'uhi$ 
constric.to' riiis,  irom  a<piyyii>,  '  I  constrict.'  A  name 
given  to  several  annular  muscles,  which  constrict 
or  close  certain  natural  ojienings. 

Sphincter  Am,  Annnla'ris  Ani.  Many  ana- 
tomists have  described  two  sj)hineter  muscles  of 
the  anus  : — 1.  The  S.  exter'nus  seu  culu'neus.  As- 


SPHONDYLIUM 


857 


SPINA 


pidln'cot,  CocrygSo-oitnxf-nphiiicier,  Orhiciilti'ris 
Iteeli,  CDUnlric'tor  Am',  Cocci/yi'i-'niiil,  (Ch.)  It 
if  sitiiiite  around  the  anus;  i."  elliptical  frnrn  be- 
fiire  ti)  l)eliin(J;  flattened,  and  pierced  at  its  mid- 
dle. Its  fibres  describe  concentric  arcs,  which 
are  ntlai-lied,  bchiml,  to  the  extremity  of  the  coc- 
cyx, by  a  dense,  areolar  substance  ;  and  are  con- 
fiiunded,  anteriorly,  with  the  bulbo-cavernosi  and 
traiisversi  jjerintei  muscles.  This  muscle  con- 
tracts and  close.s  the  anus.  2.  The  iimer  or  ?h- 
tfiiKil  Sphincter  Aiii,  Sjihincter  iittesliiKi'lis  of 
AViiislow,  is  by  many  anatomists  considered  as 
the  termination  of  the  circular  fibres  of  the  rec- 
tum. It  is  annular,  and  situate  around  the  infe- 
rior extremity  of  the  rectum,  to  the  extent  of 
about  a  finger's  breadth.  It  has  the  same  uses 
as  the  other. 

iSi'iiiNCTKR  GvhJE,  Constrictores  pharyngis  — 
8.  Ilei,  IJauhin,  valve  of — s.  Iritestinalis,  Sphinc- 
ter ani  internus — s.  Labioru'u,  Orbicularis  oris — 
5.  Oculi,  Orbicularis  palpebrarum — s.  Pali)ebra- 
runi,  Orbicularis  palpebrarum  —  s.  Pylori,  see 
Pylorus  —  s.  Vaginae,  Constrictores  cunni  —  s. 
Vcntriculi,  Pylorus. 

Si'HiN'CTKit  Vksi'c^,  Sphincter  of  the  hladdir. 
Some  anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  whitish, 
elastic,  and  circular  fibres,  which  surround  the 
neck  of  the  bladder,  but  do  not  constitute  a  par- 
ticular muscle.  Morgagni  has  given  the  name 
PsF,i;DO-SpniNCTRn  to  the  anterior  fibres  of  the 
levator  aiii,  which  pass  beneath  the  neck  of  the 
hliiddcr,  and,  by  their  contraction,  close  that 
oiiciiinsr.     See  Compressor  urethra?. 

SPIIOXDYLTIIM,  Ileracleum  spondylium. 

SPlIOXliUS,  Fungus,  Spongia. 

SPllRA(UDONYCn.ARGOCOME'TA,  from 
ff(^()ny<f,  'a  seal,'  oic^,  ovv')(_oi,  'a  nail,'  apyoi, 
'white' or  perhaps  apyvpoq,  '  silver,' and  Kojxiw, 
*I  adorn.'  A  charlatan  who  adorned  his  fingers 
to  the  very  nails  with  rings. — Aristophanes,  Hip- 
pocriitcs. 

SPIIYcniA,  Pulse. 

SPIlYlJ.MIC,  Si>hij!j'm!<;is,  (F.)  Sphygmique, 
from  a^jivy/ioi,  '  pulse.'  Kehiting  to  the  pulse  :  — 
pulsat<iry. 

Si'iiYGMio  Art,  Ars  Sjdii/f/'nn'ea.  The  art  of 
judging  l)y  the  pulse,  in  health  or  disease. 

SptiVGMirA  DorTRiNA,  Sphygmologia. 

SPIIYtmiCUS.  Throbbing." 

SPllYtiMOCKPIIALUS,  Crotaphe. 

SPIIYt! MODES,  Throbbing. 

SPIiY(iMOLE(iIUAI,  Pulsilegium. 

SPIIYO'iMOiniAPII;  from  <7<l>vyixo?,  'the 
pulse,'  and  ;  pi<0  ,  'I  describe.'  An  instrument 
which,  when  ap])lied  over  an  artery,  indicates  the 
character  of  the  pulse  as  to  force  and  extent  of 
undulations. — \'ierordt. 

SP]IY(JMOLOG"IA,  Sph)ignu>rog;i,  Sphyg'- 
mica  Diirtri'iKt,  Ars  Sphyy'nn'ca,  from  u^uy^of, 
'the  i)ulse,'  and  Xoyos,  '  a  description.'  The  doc- 
trine of  the  pulse. 

SPIIYOMOMETER,  Pulsilegium. 

SPIIYtJMOS,  Pulsation,  Pulse. 

SPIlYiiMOSCOPIUM,  Pulsilegium. 

SPIIYKA,  .Malleolus. 

SPIIYXrS,  Pulsation. 

SI'IC,  Lavandula  Spica. 

SPfCA,  Fna'cia  repeim,  Spica  hnndarje, 
(F. )  }?pi.  A  bandage  so  called  in  eonseciuence 
of  its  soniewhat  resembling  a  npike  of  barley. 
The  turns  of  the  bandage  cross  like  the  letter  V; 
—  eacii  leaving  a  third  of  the  roller  uncovered. 
It  is  distin"'uished  into  n*c<?H(7)'»,(7  and  dencendiiif/. 
It  may  be  applied  over  various  parts  of  the  body, 
and  in  a  dirt'erent  manner  in  each  case  :  thus, 
there  is  the  Spicn  sen  Fanrin  iinjiiiiirt'/iK.  Spica  , 
iiigiiinn'lii  duplex,  the  spica  for  the  shoulder,  h 
and  another  for  the  thumb.  i 

Spica,  Lavandula  Spica — s.  Alpina,  Valeriana  J 


Celtica — s.  Celtica,  A'alcriana  Celtic.i  -s.  Indica, 
Nardus  Indica  —  s.  Nardi,  Kardus  Indica. 

SPICEliERRY,  Gaultberia,  Laurus  Benzoin. 

SPICEIU'SII,  Laurus  Benzoin. 

SPICES,  FOUR,  see  Mvrtus  pimenta. 

SPICEWOOD,  Laurus  Benzoin. 

SPICILLUM,  SpeciUum. 

SPIDER,  see  Aranea;  tela. 

SPIDER  WORT,  Liliago,  Tradescantia  Vir- 
ginica. 

SPIGELIA,  S.  Marilandica. 

Si'IGe'lia  Antiiei/mia,  Deniarn'ra  Pinkrnot,  a 
native  of  South  America  and  the  West  India 
Islands,  has  properties  like  the 

SflGK'LIAMAniLAN'niOA,  <S'.  Loiuc"ern,AntheF- 
mi(t,  Li)uie:"er(i  Marilan'dicii,  Peren'iiial  Worm- 
(/rrcss  or  fiidiini  Pink,  Coroti'iio  Pink,  Stnrlloom, 
Worniroiit.  Nut.  Ord.  GentianaccEC.  Class, 
Pentandria.  Order,  Monogynia.  Indigenous.  The 
root — Spiije/iti  (Ph.  U.  S.)  Pinkrool — is  celebrated 
as  an  anthelmintic,  particularly  in  cases  of  lum- 
brici. 

It  is,  also,  asserted  to  have  been  found  service- 
able in  remittent  fever.  It  is  a  narcotico-acrid. 
Dose,  gr.  X  to  ^<s, 

SPItiNEL,  yl<Uhusa  meum. 

SPIKENARD,  Conyza  squarrosa,  Nardus  In- 
dica—  s.  American,  Aralia  racemosa  —  s.  False, 
Smalacina  racemosa — s.  Small,  Aralia  nudicaulia 

—  s.  Tree.  Anilia,  spinosa. 

SPILANTHES  ACMELLA,  Spilanthus  ac- 
mella. 

SPILAN'THUS  ACMEL'LA,  S.  cilia'ta  seu 
fiinhria'ta,  Spilan'then  ncutel'la,  from  o-iriXof,  'a 
spot,'  nnd  ai/3os,  'a  flower,'  owing  to  its  dotted  or 
speckled  flower,  Bidena  ocwcUo,  Arhmelltt,  Ac- 
nielln,  A.  MtinritiiiiKi,  Verbeni'na  (icmellii.  Halm- 
leaved  Spilnntlnis.  Ord.  ConipositiB.  <,S'e.r.  Sysf, 
Syngenesia  Polygamia  ajqualis.  This  plant  pos- 
sesses a  glutinous,  bitter  taste,  and  fragrant  smell. 
The  herb  and  seed  are  said  to  be  diuretic  and  cm- 
menagogue.  They  have  been  used  in  dro))sies, 
jaundice,  fluor  albus,  and  calculous  complaints; 
given  in  infusion. 

SciLANTHUS,  Balm-lkavep,  Spilanthus  acmel- 
la  —  s.  Ciliata,  S.  acmella  —  s.  Fimbriata,  S.  ac- 
inella. 

SiMLANTn'us  Olera'ceiis,  Spenr-leaved  Spi- 
lanthnH,  (F.)  Creninn  de  /'am.  A  tincture  of  the 
plant  has  been  recommended  in  toothaeh. 

SPILI,  see  Najvus. 

SPILO.MA,  see  Nicvus. 

SPILOSIS,  Epichrosis  — s.  Ephelis,  Ephelides 

—  s.  Poliosis.  P(diosis. 

SPILSBURY'S  ANTISCORBUTIC  DROPS. 
An  empirical  preparation,  formed  of  hydrarg. 
oxymiir.,  rod.  gentian.,  cort.  anrant.  sice,  iia  3'j  > 
antimon.  crnd.,  santnl.  riibr.  aa  3ij  >  npiritus  vini 
recti/.,  aqnce,  aa  ,^viij.  ^ 

SPINA,  'a  tho'rn  ;'  Spine,  (F.)  Epine.  A  pro- 
cess on  the  surface  of  a  bone,  which  has  been 
compared  to  the  spines  or  thorns  on  certain  vege- 
tables. The  chief  processes  of  this  name  are: — 
the  namil  spine,  the  spine  of  the  scnpnia,  the  spine 
of  the  ischinni,  the  fonr  iliac  spines,  the  pulnline 
spine,  the  maxillary,  the  sphenoid,  Ac.  The  spine 
of  the  back  is  the  collection  of  vertebraj  constitu- 
ting the  vertebral  colnmn. 

Spina,  Penis — s.  Acida,  Oxyacantha  Galeni  — 
s.  iEgyptiaca,  see  Acacias  guinmi  —  s.  Alba, 
Carduus  marianus,  Mospilus  oxycantha,  Ono- 
pordum  acanthium  —  s.  Bifida,  Ilydrorachis  — 
s.  Cervina.  Rhauinus  —  s.  Domestica,  Rhaninus 
— s.  Dorsi,  \'<'rtebral  column,  see  Nasus — s.  Dorsi 
introrsuni  Klcxa,  Lordosis  —  s.  Ferrea,  Pin  —  s. 
Ilclniontii.  Aii/nillon  —  s.  Hirci,  Astragalus  verua 
— s.  Infeciori.i,  Rhamnus — s.  Nodosa,  Rachitis^ 
s.  Sphenoidalis,  Sphenoidal  spine. 

Spina  Vento'sa,    Sjjincs    venlos'itus,    Tere'do, 


SPINACH 


858 


SPIIl.E   CEREBRI 


Oilni'thioc'tce,  Fiiiigiti  sen  Tumor  finign'siiR  ar- 
1  if' nil,  Lii'piit  Jiiiicta' i<B.  ffi//>eisj>nii'i/i<r,  Flatiii 
Kpiiiee,  Ailhroc'dce,  I'cpihirthroc'iice,  Siclcrd'lin 
Oxiii,  (^inicer  seu  GitnijrcB' ii<i  Osiin,  JEj'osIo'ki's, 
White  Swelling  (of  some).  A  term  of  no  definite 
ineiining.  us  is  obvious  from  these  various  words 
liavinj;  been  considered  its  synonynies.  By  some, 
it  is  detiiied  to  be  — a  disease  of  tiie  osseous  sys- 
tem, in  wiiich  the  texture  of  the  bone  dilates, 
seeming  to  be  distended  with  air,  and  constitu- 
tini^  a  variety  of  osteo-sareoma.  By  others,  it  is 
considered  to  be  a.  tumour  arising  from  an  internal 
caries  of  a  bone  ;  occurring  most  frequently  in  the 
carpus  or  tarsus.  The  term  itself  is  a  translation 
from  the  Arabic  of  Rh117.es.  See,  also,  Ilydrar- 
thrus.  an<l  Mollities  Ossium. 

Spixa  Vbhtebhalis,  Vertebral  column. 

SPINACH,  Spinacia. 

SPINACHIA.  Spinacia. 

SPINA'CIA,  Spinn'chia,  Spi'iia'cia  olera'cea, 
Spin'age,  Spinach,  (F.)  Hpimird.  Ord.  Cheno- 
podiaceas.  Sex.  Sj/xt.  Difxjcia  Pentandria.  A 
plant  which  resembles  the  cabbage  in  its  dietetic 
jiowcrs.  The  leaves  boiled,  with  the  addition  of 
oil,  form  a  good  emollient  cataplasm.  It  has 
Ijcen  used  in  phthisical  complaints;  but  its  medi- 
cinal properties,  if  it  have  any,  are  not  now  re- 
icarded. 


Si'iwciA  Oleracea,  Spinacia. 


Ventositas, 


SPIN^E,    Spinous    processes 
Spina  ventdsa. 

SPINAGE,  Spinacia. 

SPINAL,  Spiijn'/ix,  Spiiio'xm,  Spin.t'tns,  Rn- 
chid'iiin,  (F.)  Epiniere,  li<ichidie)i,  from  spina, 
'the  spine.'  That  which  relates  to  the  vertebral 
column. 

Spinal  Auteriks,  Arterim  spinahi,  are  two  in 
number,  viz  :  I.  The  pimterior  spina/,  Artere  me- 
diane  pDstKiienre  da  Ruchis,  (Ch.)  It  arises  from 
the  vertebral,  near  the  corpora  pyramidalia,  and 
descends  on  the  posterior  surface  of  the  spinal 
marrow,  distributing  its  ramifications  to  it.  2. 
The  anferii/r  spinal  arleii/,  A.  mediane  anterieiire, 
(Ch.,)  is  larger  than  the  last,  and  arises,  also,  from 
the  vertebral.  It  descends,  in  a  scrpeiuine  man- 
ner, upon  the  anterior  surface  of  the  marrow: 
furnishes  rainusculi  to  it,  and  unites  with  that  of 
the  opposite  side,  opposite  the  foramen  magnum 
occipitis.  A  very  tortuous  braitch  arises  from 
this  union,  which  descends  as  far  as  the  inferior 
extremity  of  the  marrow,  to  which  it  sends  nume- 
rous divisions. 

The  term  Spinal  Arteries  or  Bnchidian  Arte- 
ries is  also  given,  in  the  abstract,  to  all  the  arte- 
ries of  the  spinal  marrow  and  vertebral  canal. 
The  same  may  be  said  of  the  veins  and  nerves. 

Spinal  Cokd,  Medulla  spinalis. 

Spinal  Foram'ina,  (F.)  Trons  rachidiens,  in 
the  abstract,  are  the  foramina  formed  by  every 
two  contiguous  vertebrse,  through  which  the  spi- 
nal nerves  issue.  See  Vertebral.  The  term  Fo- 
ra'inen  S/)inn'le  seu  spino'sinn  is  especiallv  ap- 
plied, however,  to  a  small  foramen,  in  front  of  the 
spinous  process  of  the  sphenoid  bone,  through 
•which  the  middle  artery  of  the  dura  mater  enters 
the  cranium.  It  is,  likewise,  called  Foramen 
spheno-spinn'sum,  (F.)  Tron  Spheno-epineiix  OU 
jjftit  rond,   Tron  epinenx. 

Spinal  Ganglion,  see  Encephalon. 

Spinal  Irkita'tion,  Rhaehiahji'tis,  Rhachial'- 
gia,  Neural'gia  spiua'lis,  Notal'gia.  A  modern 
pathological  view,  which  refers  most  nervous  dis- 
eases to  irritation  of  the  spinal  cord.  This  irri- 
tation is  presumed  to  be  indicated  by  tenderness 
on  pressure  over  the  spinous  process  of  one  or 
more  vertebras,  or  over  the  nerves  proceeding 
from  the  cord  and  distributed  to  the  parts  at  the 
fides  of  the  spine.     Such  tenderness,  however, 


by  no  means  indicates  the  pathological  condition 
in  question,  as  it  is  often  met  with  in  those  en- 
.i'O'nS  perfect  health.  The  treatment  advised  is 
cupping  and  counter-irritation  on  each  side  of 
the  spine,  which  may  be  beneficial  in  such  dis- 
eases, no  matter  what  part  of  the  frame  may  he 
in  a  morbid  ,'tate.  by  e.\citing  a  new  and  revel- 
lent  impression  on  a  very  sensible  portion  of  the 
cutaneous  surface. 

Spinal  Nerve,  Ac'cessory  of  the  Par  ragnm  or 
8^/1  pair,  Acreasory  nerve  of  Willis,  Spinal  Acrrs. 
sorii,  Superior  res'pirnlori/  A'.,  Eleventh  pair  41/' en- 
cephalic nerves.  (F.)  Spino-eranio-trapfziin,  Tra. 
chfdo-dorsal  (Ch.),  arises  from  the  medulla  s|)i. 
nalis,  within  the  vertebral  canal,  between  the  an- 
terior and  posterior  roots  of  the  cervical  nerves, 
at  a  greater  or  less  distance  from  the  cranium. 
The  roots  unite  to  form  the  nerve,  which  ascends 
into  the  cranium  through  the  foramen  magnum 
of  the  occipital  btnie.  and  issues  by  the  foramen 
lacerum  posterius,  crossing  the  sterno-cleido-mas- 
toideus,  to  which  it  gives  filaments,  and  losing 
itself  entirely  on  the  trapezius  muscle.  The  pncu- 
mogastric  and  spinal  accessory  nerves  together — 
nervns  vagns  cu»i  accessn'rin—reifenMo  tlie  sj>inal 
nerves;  the  former,  with  its  ganglion,  being  the 
posterior  root  ;  the  latter,  the  anterior. 

Spinal  Nerves,  Vertebral  nerves  —  s.  Prolon- 
gation, Medulla  spinalis. 

Spinal  System  op  Nerves,  see  Nerves. 
SPINALES  COLLI  M INGRES,  Interspinales 
colli  —  s.  et  Transversales  lumborum,  Transvcr- 
salis  dorsi. 

SPINALIS  CERVTCIS,  Semi-spinalis  colli  — 
s.  Colli,  Semi-spinalis  colli. 

Spinalis  Dorsi.  Spinalis  Dorsi  major,  (F.) 
Grand  ipinenx  dn  dos.  Winslow  calls  thus  some 
fleshy  fasciculi,  which  are  situate  on  the  lateral  sur- 
faces of  the  spinous  processes:  from  the  third  dorsal 
vertebra  to  the  first  or  second  lumbar:  and  which 
form  part  of  the  transvcrso-spinalis  of  most  au- 
thors. The  same  anatomist  calls — Spina'lis  D^rii 
minor.  Petit  epinenjc  du  don — some  small,  fleshy 
fibres,  situate  on  each  side  of  the  interspinal  liga- 
ment. They  are  short,  flat,  and  pass  from  one 
spinous  process  to  the  other.  Like  the  preceding, 
they  form  part  of  the  transverso-spinalis.  All 
these  fleshy  fasciculi  strengthen  the  vertebral 
column. 

SPINATI,  Interspinales  colli. 
SPINATUS,  Spinal. 

SPINDLE  TREE,  Euonyraus  Americanus. 
SPINE,   Vertebral   column  —  s.   Curvature  of 
the,  Gihhositas — s.  Hpoinal,  Sternum  —  s.  Neural, 
Spinous  process. 

SPINGEL,  Anethum. 

SPINI-AXOIDO-OCCIPITALTS.  Rectus   ca- 
pitis posticus  major — «.  Axoido-tracheli-athndien, 
Obliquns  inferior  capitis. 
SPINITIS,  Mvelitis. 
SPINNICK,  Nanus. 
SPINO-DORSITIS,  Myelitis. 
SPINOLA,  see  Hydrorachis. 
SPINOSUS,  Spinal. 

SPINOUS,  Spino'sus,  (F.)  Epinenx,  from 
spina,  '  a  thorn.'  Having  the  shape  of  a  spine 
or  thorn. 

Spinous  Proc"ksses  or  Apoph'ysp.s  of  the 
Ver'tehrcB,  Acan'lhce,  Spines,  Cynnl'ophoi,  Nenral 
Spines  of  Mr.  Owen,  (F.)  Apophyses  fpinensen, 
are  situate  at  the  posterior  part  of  each  vertebra, 
and  aff'ord  attachment  to  the  muscles,  whose  oflSce 
it  is  to  extend  the  spine.  See  Vertebra. 
SPINTIIEROPIA,  Confusio. 
SPINULA.  Pin. 

SPIRAC'ULA,  (F.)  Spiracnles,  from  spiro,  'I 
breathe,'  'Breathing-holes.'  Respiratory  pores 
of  the  skin. 

SPIR^  CEREBRI,  Convolutions,  cerehraL 


SPIR^A   DENUDATA 


85  9 


SPIRIT 


RPIR.EA  DENUDATA,  S.  ulmnria. 

Hi'iit/K'A  Fii.ii'Kn'dula,  Filipeudida,  Sarif- 
riKj't  rubra,  Dropwirt,  (F.)  FUipeiidiile.  Ord. 
Riisaceio.  Sex.  Si/nt.  losandria  Pentagynia. 
The  rooi;  of  this  plant  is  said  to  possess  astriugent 
anil  lithontriptic  virtues. 

Sl'Ili^-A  LoBA'ta,  S.  Pnlmn'ta,  Queen  of  the 
Prin'rle,  American  Jfeadowsioeet.  An  oil,  resem- 
bling oleum  gaultheriiE,  is  obtained  from  the  roots 
and  steins. 

Spikaia  Opulifo'lia,  Opnlns-leaved  Spiraea, 
Nine  liark,  has  similar  properties. 

Spih-ea  Palmata,  S.  lobata. 

SPin^EA  ToMKSTOSA,  Hurdlutrh,  Red  meadow- 
sweet,  Steeple  bnih,  Jtosij  bauli,  White  leaf.  The 
root  of  this  indigenous  species,  Spiree'a  (Ph. 
U.  S.),  which  is  abundant  in  the  northern  States 
of  tlie  Union,  is  tonic  and  astringent;  and  is 
usually  adininistered  either  in  the  form  of  ex- 
tract or  decoction,  (SpirmcE  ^ss;  aqua  Oj.) 

Si'iRyEA  TmPOLiATA,  GiUenia  trifoliata. 

Sl'IlOEA  Ulma'riA,  S.  denuda'to,  Ulmaria,  U. 
ptdtii'tris,  liegi'na  Pratt,  Barba  caprce,  Bar'bnla 
capri'na,  Meadow  Sweet,  Queen  of  the  Jlleadiiwn, 
(F.)  Ulinaire,  Spiree  tdmaire,  Jieine  des  Pren, 
Viyuelte,  Herhe  anx  Abellles.  The  leaves  have 
been  recommended  as  mild  astringents  and  diu- 
retics—  the  flowers  as  antispasmodics  and  dia- 
phoretics. 

SPIRAMENTA  PULMONUM,  see  Pulmo. 

SPfKAMKNTUM  ANIM.^,  Pulmo. 

SPIRAMINA  PALPEBRARUM,  Lachrymal 
puncta  —  s.  Pulmonum,  see  Pulmo. 

SPIRATIO,  Respiration. 

SPIREE  ULMAfKE,  Spirsea  ulmaria. 

SPIRIT,  Spir'itwi  ;  from  npirare,  'to  breathe, 
to  exhale  ;'  (F.)  Enprit,  A/coofat.  A  name  given 
to  every  liquid  product  of  distillation.  Spirits 
were  formerly  distinguished  into  —  inflammable, 
«c("rf.  and  alkidine  ;  and  consequently  a  number 
of  substances  were  crowded  together,  which  often 
resembled  each  other  in  no  other  property  than 
in  being  volatile.  The  term  is  now  confined  to 
alcoholic  liquors,  of  which  the  following  are  the 
chief: 

Arrnch.  Distilled  from  coarse  palm  sugar, 
named  jaggery,  fermented  with  the  bark  of  the 
JIfimosa  lencophlea ;  also  from  rice  and  the  fer- 
mented juice  of  the  Palm;  made  in  India.  Its 
varieties  are : — 

\.  Mahwah  Arrach.  Made  in  India  from  the 
flowers  of  the  Madhuca  tree,  Bainia  bntyracea. 

2.  Tuba.  Made  from  palm  wine,  in  the  Phi- 
lippine Islands. 

Araka.  Distilled,  by  the  Tartars,  from  kou- 
mis,  fermented  mares'  milk. 

Araki.    Distilled  from  dates,  by  the  Egyptians. 

Arika.  A  variety  of  koumis,  distilled  from  fer- 
mented mares'  milk,  in  Tartary  and  Iceland. 

Brandi/.  Distilled  from  wine,  figs,  peaches,  per- 
simmon, apple,  mulberries,  and  sometimes  other 
fruits,  in  Europe,  Asia,  North  and  South  Ame- 
rica, wherever  wine  is  made.  The  best  brandy 
is  that  of  Cognac;  the  next,  that  of  Bordeaux 
and  Rochello.     The  varieties  are  — 

1.  Ai/nardienfe,  (S.)  In  Pern,  the  common 
brandy  obtained  from  grapes  is  the  Aguardiente 
de  Pisco,  so  called,  because  shipped  at  the  port 
of  Pisco.  Another  kind,  much  dearer,  and  of 
excellent  flavour,  is  made  from  Muscatel  grapes, 
and  is  called  Aguardiente  de  Italia.  It  is  some- 
times seen  in  the  United  States. 

2.  Lau.     Made  from  rice,  in  Siam. 

.3.  Rahin.  Made  in  Dalmatia  from  the  husks 
of  grapes  mixed  with  aromatics. 

4.  Rasnolio.  Made  at  Dantzic,  from  a  com- 
pound of  brandy,  rossolis,  and  other  plants. 


5.  Troaler.  Made  on  the  Rhine,  from  the  husks 
of  grapes,  fermented  with  barley  and  rye. 

6.  Se/cis-Icai/avoilka.  Made  from  the  lees  of 
wine  and  fruit  at  Scio. 

Geneva,  J/oUauds.  (cjenievre,  French  for  juni- 
per.) Distilled  from  malted  barley  and  rye,  rc^c- 
tificd  on  juniper  berries,  in  Holland.  Its  variety 
is — 

Gin.  Made  in  England,  from  malted  barley, 
rye,  potatoes;  rectified  with  turpentine. 

Goldwaxner.  Distilled  at  Dantzic,  from  wheat, 
barley,  and  rye,  rectified  with  aniseed,  cinnamon, 
and  other  spices. 

Kirscliwamier.  Distilled  from  the  Malachtb 
cherry,  in  Switzerland. 

Murai>chino.  Distilled  from  the  Macarska 
cherry,  at  Zara,  the  capital  of  Dalmatia. 

Rum,  (supposed  to  be  derived  from  the  ternn- 
nal  syllable  of  the  word  sacchnrum  :  but  the  abo- 
riginal Americans  call  this  liquor  Rum.)  Dis- 
tilled, in  the  West  Indies  and  South  America, 
from  cane-sugar  and  molasses,  and  in  North 
America  from  maple-sugar.     Its  variety  is — 

Slatkaia  trava.  Made  in  Kamtschatka,  from 
a  sweet  grass. 

Show-choo.  Distilled,  in  China,  from  the  lees 
of  mandarin,  a  wine  made  from  boiled  rice. 

Whisky,  (supposed  to  be  derived  from  uxr/iie, 
the  first  two  syllables  of  rmquebayh,  the  original 
name  in  Ireland.)  Distilled,  in  Scotland  and  Ire- 
land, from  malted  and  raw  barley,  rye,  oats,  and 
potatoes;  and  in  the  south  of  France,  from  sloes. 
In  Ireland  it  was  called  huil-ceann.  or  madness 
of  the  head.  The  best  Scotch  whisky  is  G/eulivet, 
the  best  Irish,  Enuishoicen. 

Y-yjer-a.  Distilled,  in  the  Sandwich  Islands, 
from  the  root  of  the  Tee-root,  baked,  pounded, 
and  fermented. 

To  these  may  be  added  an  intoxicating  liquor 
made  by  the  AflTghanistans,  from  ewes'  milk; 
and  that  made  in  Kamtschatka,  from  a  sjiecies 
of  mushroom,  named  nmcbumer. 

Spirit  ov  Ammonia,  Fktjd,  Spiritus  aramoniie 
foetidus — s.  of  Ammonia,  succinated,  Sjiiritus  am- 
moniac suceinatus- — s.  of  Aniseed,  Spiritus  anisi. 

Spirit,  Bathing,  Freeman's,  see  Linimcntum 
saponis  compos. — s.  Bathing,  Jackson's,  sec  J,ini- 
mentum  saponis  compos.  —  s.  Bezoardic  of  Bus- 
sius,  see  Biissii  spiritus  Bezoarticus — s.  Bone,  Li- 
quor volatilis  cornu  cervi. 

Spirit  of  Burrhus,  Burrbi  spiritus  matricalis 
— s.  of  Camphor,  Spiritus  Camphorre — s.  of  Carra- 
wa.y,  Spiritus  carni  —  s.  of  Goichicum,  ammoni- 
ated,  Spiritus  colehici  ammoniafus  —  s.  of  Cin- 
namon, Spiritus  cinnamomi- — s.  of  Ether,  aro- 
matic, Spiritus  aetheris  aromaticus. 

Spirit.  Fuming,  of  Begtin,  Ammonite  sulphure- 
tum — s.  Fuming,  of  Boyle,  A  mmoniaesnlphuretuni. 

Spirit  of  Hartshorn,  Li(|uor  volatilis  cornu 
cervi  —  s.  of  Horseradish,  compound,  Spiritus 
armoraciae  compositus — s.  of  Juniper,  compound, 
Spiritus  juniperi  compositus  —  s.  of  Lavender, 
Spiritus  lavandulae — s.  of  Lavander,  compound, 
Spiritus  lavandulffi  compositus — s.  of  Mindererus, 
Liquor  ammoniae  acetatis  —  s.  of  Nitre,  sweet, 
Spiritus  aetheris  nitrici — s.  of  Nitric  ether,  Spiri- 
tus aetheris  nitrici  —  s.  of  Pennyroyal,  Spiritus 
pulegii — s.  of  Peppermint,  Spiritus  raenthaj  pipe- 
ritae— s.  of  Pimento.  Spiritus  pimentEC. 

Spirit.  Proof,  Spiritus  tenuior — s.  Pyroxylic, 
Spiritus  Pyroxylicus. 

Spirit  of  Rosemary,  Spiritus  rosinarini — s.  of 
Salt,  Muriaticum  acidum  —  s.  of  Scurvygrass, 
golden,  see  Spiritus  armoracias  compositus  —  s.  of 
Spearmint,  Spiritus  menthae  viridis  —  s.  of  Sul- 
phuric ether,  Spiritus  aetheris  sulphnriei — s.  of  Sul- 
I>huric  ether,  compound,  Spiritus  a?theris  sulphu- 
rici  compositus  —  s.  of  Turpentine,  Oleum  tere- 
binthinae  rectiflcatum. 


SPIRITS,    ANIMAL 


800 


SriRITUS 


Spihit,  VF.nniGius,  Aceticum  aciduin. 

Si'iiuT  OF  ViTiiiOL,  Sulphuric  iicid — s.  of  Wine, 
Spiritus  rectificatus  —  s.  of  Wine  and  camphor, 
Spiritus  ciiinpliora). 

Si'iitiT,  Woon,  Spiritus  Pyrnxvlicus. 

SPIRITS,  ANIMAL,  Nervous  fluid. 

SPIRITUOUS,  Alcoholic. 

SPIRITUS,  Breath,  Life,'  Respiration,  Si)irit 

—  s.  jEthereus  nitrosus,  Spiritus  atheris  nitrici 

—  s.  iEthereus  vitriolieus,  Spiritus   aetheris    sul- 
phurici. 

Spih'iti-s  iETHEUis  Aromat'icus,  jEther  Sul- 
phu'n'cna  emit  nlcuhii'le  (iroiiiat'iois,  Elix'ir  vi- 
tilo'li  diilce,  Sweet  Elix'ir  of  Vit'riol,  Viij'i'iii's 
KILcir  of  Vilriol,  Aromtit'ic  Spirit  of  Ether. 
(  Oiininm.  cort.  contus.  ,^iij,  cnrdnm.  sem.  contus. 
'^ys,  piperiK  h»igi  fruct.  cont. ,  zitigib.  rad.  con- 
cis.,  sing,  ^^j,  spiritds  astherin  mi/phitrie.  Oj.  Ma- 
cerate, for  14  days,  in  a  stopped  glass  vessel  and 
strain.  Ph.  L.)  It  is  used  as  a  stimulant  in 
nervous  aflTeotions.     Dose,  f^ss  to  f  3J- 

Si'iitiTiis  ^THERis  CoMPOsiTUS,  Spiritus  ^the- 
ris  sulphuriei  eompositus  —  s.  ^theris  hydro- 
clilorici,  Spiritus  .^theris  muriatici. 

Spiritus  JEtheiiis  Muuiati'ci.  Sp.  JE.  Hydro- 
chlo'ricl,  S]>.  Muriat'icus  athe' reus,  Sp.  Snlin  diil- 
c/«,  yElhvr  jifiiriat'ictis  alcohol' icits,  Spirit  of  hy- 
drochloric or  muriiitic  ether.  Dulcified  marine 
acid.  An  old  preparation,  made  by  adding  one 
part  of  iiniriritic  acid  to  three  jiarts  of  rectified 
npirit.  and  distilling.  Its  action  is  like  that  of  the 
spiritus  aetheris  nitrici. 

Si'iiUTUS  ^THKRis  Ni'trioi,  Sp.  .iEtheris  ni- 
trii'iii  sen  nitri  didcin  seu  yEthe'reus  uitro'sus, 
yEther  nitriciis  alcoolian'tun,  A"cidiiiii  Nitri  diilci- 
Jica'tiim,  Sweet  Spirit  of  Nitre,  Nitre  drops.  Spirit 
(if  Nitric  Ether,  (F.)  Ether  azoteux  alcooline,  Li- 
qneiir  aiiodiiie  iiitreuse.  (Nitrate  of  Potasna,  in 
Cdarse  powder,  Ibij,  Sulphuric  acid,  ftiss  ;  tI/co- 
/,o/,  Oi.xss;  Diluted  Alcohol,  Oj  ;  Carbonate  of  Po- 
tnsxa,  ^'y  Mi.\  the  nitrate  of  potassa  and  the 
alcohol  in  a  large  glass  retort,  and  having  gradu- 
nlly  poured  in  the  acid,  digest  with  a  gentle  heat 
for  two  hours;  then  raise  the  heat,  and  distil  a 
gallon.  To  the  distilled  liquor  add  the  diluted 
alcohol  and  carbonate  of  potassa,  and  again  distil 
a  gallon. — Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  refrigerant,  diuretic, 
antispasmodic,  and  diaphoretic.  Dose,  gtt.  xxv 
to  f^^j.     Specific  gravity,  0-834. 

Spiritus  ^thuris  Olkosus,  Spiritus  .^theris 
sulphuriei  eimipositus,  Oleum  aethereum. 

Spiriti's  ^theris  Sulphu'rici,  jEther  Sul- 
])huricns  cum  Alcoho'le,  Liquor  yEthe'reus  Sul- 
jihuricns,  Spiritus  Vitrioli  dulcis,  S.  yEtheria 
vitriol' ici.  Liquor  Sulphuricus  alcoolisa'tus.  Spirit 
of  Sulphuric  Ether.  (jEther.  sulphuric.  Oss; 
sp.  rect.  Oj.  Mi.x.  Ph.  L.)  Stimulant,  diapho- 
retic, diuretic,  and  antispasmodic.  Dose,  f,^ss 
to  f  3;iij. 

Spiritits  ^theris  Sulphurici  Compos'iti's, 
(Ph.  U.  S.  1842),  S.  (Btheris  vitriol'ici  eomposi- 
tus seu  yE'theris  cowpositus  (Ph.  U.  S.  1851)  seu 
Spinlus  cBthe' reus  olen'sus.  Liquor  onod'yuus  seu 
anodyuuH  minera'lis  ffojf'iuanui,  Compound  Spirit 
of  Sulphuric  Ether,  Hoffmann's  Anodyne  Liquor, 
(F.)  Ether  hydrique  alcoolise.  Ether  sulfuriqne 
alcoolise.  Esprit  d' Ether  sulfuriqne.  Liqueur  ano- 
dine  d' Hoffman.  ( yEtker  Sulphuric.  Oss;  Alcohol, 
Oj;  01.  .Ether.  f^Wi.  Ph.  U.  S.  Ph.  L.)  Mix. 
A  stimulaut  and  antispasmodic.  Specific  gravity, 
0-816. 

Spiritus  .Btheris  Vitriolici  Compositus, 
Spiritus  aetheris  sult)huric.  comp. 

Spiritl-S  Ammo'.\I.E,  Al'kali  ammoni'acum 
spirituo'siim,  Al'cohol  aminouia'tnm,  Sp.  sails  am- 
iiioni'aci,  Sp.  sails  ammoui'aci  vino'sns  seu  dulcis 
seu  dntcifica'tus,  Ammoni'aea  alcohol isa'ta.  Li- 
quor ammo'uii  vino'sus,  L,  ammonia:  spiritiw'sus, 


Li.rir'iiini  ammoniaca'le  vino'sum,  Solu'lin  suh- 
carbona'tis  ammoui'aci  spirituo'sa,  (F.)  Esprit 
d'amiuoniaque.  (Ainiuon.  muriat.  in  pulv.  sub- 
tilissim.,  calris,  afi  Ibj  ;  alcohol,  f^xx  ;  aqua, 
f.^i.X.  The  water  is  employed  to  slake  the  lime; 
the  muriate  of  ammonia  is  then  well  mixed  with 
it,  and  by  means  of  heat,  the  ammonia  is  made  to 
pass  into  the  distilled  water  contained  in  a  quart 
bottle.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Stimulant  and  antispas- 
modic.    Dose,  f,!5ss  to  f 3j. 

Spiritus  A.mmoni.k  Aromat'icps,  Alcoh<il  nm- 
monia'tum  aromiiticuin,  Spiritus  sails  roldt'ilis 
(ileo'sus  seu  rolatitis  aromaticus  seu  ammonia  coin- 
pos'itus,  Sal  volatile  <ileosiim  Si/lrii,  Tiiiclu'ra 
aromatica  ammouiata,  Liquor  oleo'sus  Sylrii,  Lix- 
iv'ium  ammoniaca'le  aromaticum.  Aromatic  ammo- 
nia'ted  Alcohol,  Sal  volat'ile  Drops.  [Ammou. 
mnriat.  ^v;  Potass,  carb.  ^viij  ;  cinnaiii.  cont., 
caryophyll.  eont.  aa  3U  •  I^i>i"»>-  cort.  ,^iv;  alco- 
hol., aqucB  aa,  Ov.  M.  Distil  Ovijss.  Stimulant. 
Dose,  f  3ss  to  fS" 

Spiritus  Ammo.MjE  Compositus,  Spiritus  aro- 
maticus. 

Spiritus  Ammonite  Fce'tidus,  Sp.  volat'ilia 
faetidus,  Al'cohol  ammonia'tum  fveiidnm,  Tiiictu'- 
ra  asafoetida  ammouiata,  Eelid  Spirit  of  Annno. 
nia.  Fit  Drops.  (Amman. muriat.  ^x.  Potass,  curb. 
5xvj.  Sp.  rcrlificat..  Aqua  ua  Oiij,  (Imp.  meas.) 
Assafwtid.  ^v,  Distil.  Oiij,  (Imp.  meas.)  Mace- 
rate for  12  hours,  and  distil  Oiss.  Ph.  L.)  Stimu- 
lant and  antispasmodic.     Dose,  f^ss.  to  f  3J. 

Spiritus  A.mmoni^  Succina'tur,  Sp.  Ammo- 
nicB  cum  Suc'cino,  Sp.  Sails  Aminoni'aci  luctes'- 
ceus  seu  lactens,  Tinciu'ra  ammo' nice  couipositu, 
Ammoni'acum  succinu'tum.  Aqua  Lit'cice,  Liquor 
ex  Ammonia  et  Oleo  Suc'cini,  L.  ex'citaus,  Succi- 
iiated  Spirit  of  Ammonia,  Common  Eau  de  Luce. 
(Mastich.  "^Wj,  sp.  rect.  f  ^i-^i  "/.  Lavaud.  gtt.  xiv, 
ol.  succin.  gtt.  iv,  liq.  ammou.  f,^x.  Macerate 
the  mastich  in  the  alcohol,  and  pour  off  the  clear 
tincture:  add  the  rest  and  shake.  Ph.  L.)  Stimu- 
lant and  antispasmodic.     Dose,  gtt.  x  to  f^ss,  or 

Spiritus  Animales,  see  Nervous  fluid. 

Spiritus  Ani'si,  Sp.  Anisi  compos'itus,  Aqnn 
auisi for'tis,  A.  Sem'iuum  Auisi  composita,  Sjtirit 
of  An'isecd,  (F.)  Esprit  d'uuis.  (Auisi  sem.  cont. 
Ihss,  spirit  tenuior.  cong.,  aqua  quod  satis  sit  ad 
prohibendum  empyreuina.  J'h.  L.)  Carmina- 
tive. Dose,  f^ss  to  f,l*s.  In  the  compound 
spirit,  angelica  is  usually  an  ingredient. 

Spiritus  Anthos,  Spiritus  rosmarini. 

Spiritus  ARMoiiA'ci/t':  Compos'itus,  Sp.  Raph'- 
ani  compositus.  Aqua  Raphani  composita,  Com- 
pound Spirit  of  Horseradish,  (F.)  Esprit  de  rai- 
fort  compose.  (Armorac.  rad.  recent,  coneis., 
aurant.  cort.  exsicc,  sing,  tbj,  myrist.  nuc.  contus. 
5SS,  spirit,  ten.  cong.,  aquop  q.  s.  ad  prohibendum 
empyreuma.  Ph.  L.)  Simulant  and  antiscor- 
butic. [?]     Dose,  f^j  to  f 3iv. 

The  Golden  Spirit  of  Scurvy  r/rass  —  an  em- 
pirical preparation  —  is  formed  by  adding  yam- 
boije  5^''U>  to  one  gallon  of  the  sp.  armoracia 
compositus. 

Greenouyh's  Tincture  for  the  teeth  is  formed  of 
amygiL  amar.  ^\j,  lig.  liresil.,  cassi<B  bacc.,  aa 
^iv,  irid.  Floreut.  ^ij.  eorcinell.,  sal.  acelosell<B, 
alum,  iia  3J»  */>•  ^in.  rect.  Oij,  sp.  armoracicB  comp. 
fgss. 

Si'iritus  Beguinis,  Ammonise  sulphuretum  — 
s.  Bellidis,  see  Osmitopsis  asteriseoides. 

Spiritus  Ca.mph'or>e,  Sp.  Camphora'tus  seu 
riuo'sus  camphoratus,  Tiuctu'ra  C(tniphor(B  (Ph. 
U.  S.),  Spirit  of  Wine  and  Camphor,  Spirit  of 
Camphor,  (F.)  Esprit  de  Camphre,  Aleool  camphrS, 
Eau  de  Vie  camphree.  (Camphor,  ^'w,  alcohol. 
Oij.  Dissolve.)  Stimulant,  anodyne  and  discu- 
tient.     Used  only  externally. 


SPIRITUS 


861 


SPIRITUS 


RpiniTUS  Car'ui,  Sp.  Cari  Cam!,  Aqua  Sem'- 
iiiiiiii  Ciinti  fiirliti  sou  Si-iii'inutii  Cttnii,  Spirit  of 
Cai'i-uwni/,  SlioiKj  V(irit)  WaleiH,  (F.)  Eaprit  de 
C'lti-vi.  (Cariti  aem.  cont.  Ibiss,  Sp.  leiiitior.  cong., 
vqiitB  q.  ».  Distil  a  Riillon.  J'h.  L.)  Caruiina- 
tivo.     Dose,  C^'i  to  f^ss. 

Spiritiis  Cinnamo'mi,  Sp.  Lnuri  Cinnamnmi, 
Aqua  Cinnainiimi  fortia  seu  Ciniiam.  epiritiw'sa, 
Spirit  of  Cin'nunuin,  Strong  Cinnamon  Wa- 
ter, (F.)  Esprit  de  Cnnnelle.  {Cort.  cinnfini.  ^v, 
up.  reel.  Oivss.)  Stimulant  and  carminative. 
Duse,  f 3J  to  f.^ss. 

SpiuiriJS  Col'ciiici  Ammonia'tus,  Tinctu'ra 
Colchici  Compoa'itd,  Ammoniated  Spirit  of  Col- 
chicntn,  Compound  Tincture  of  Colchicnm.  {Sent, 
culchic.  cont.  ^\},  sp.  amino)!,  urontut'.  Oj.  Ph.  L.) 
Narcotic,  catliiirtic,  and  diuretic.  Used  in  gout, 
rheumatisui,  and    dropsy.     Dose,  from  gtt.  xxx 

to  f.^j. 

SriitiTUS  CoRNU  Ceuvi,  Liquor  volatilis  C.C. — 
P.  Forlior,  see  Alcohol — s.  Fuinans  Beguini,  Am- 
monia) sulphuretum  —  s.  Genitalis,  Aura  seminis 
— s.  Jamaicensis,  Rum. 

Spiritus  Junip'eri  Compos'itus,  ^guat/ioij/j'- 
eri  compoaita.  Compound  Spirit  of  Juniper,  (F.) 
Esprit  de  (jenievre  compone.  (01.  jniiip.  ^\s,  01. 
curiti,  01.  fw.nicul.,  aa  ^x  ;  Alcohol  dilut.  cong. 
Solve.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Stimulant  and  diuretic.    Dose, 

*'3J  t"  f§-^^-  ,  ^  o  .  .         . 

Spiritus  Lauri  Cinnamomi,  Spiritus  cmna- 
mumi. 

Spiritus  Lavan'dul^,  Sp.  Lnvandnlce  spica>. 
6eu  Lniiand.  simplex.  Lavender  Water,  (F.)  Esprit 
de  Lavande.  [Lavand.  recent.  Ibij.  Alcohol. 
cong.,  aqucp.  Oij.  Distil  a  gallon.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Usually  made  by  adding  the  oil  to  rectified  spirit. 
Used  as  a  perfume  chiefly. 

Spiritus  LAVANnirLvK  Compos'itus,  Tinctu'ra 
Lnraudulo'.  eompoxita,  Red  Hiirtahorn,  Larender 
drops.  Compound  Spirit  of  Lavender,  (F.)  Exprit 
de  Lavande  compose.  (Sp.  Larand.  Oiij.,  sp.  ros- 
viarin.  Oj,  cinnam.  contus.  ^},  mi/ristic.  cont.  ,^ss, 
cari/nphijll.  cont.  ^\j,  santali  concis.  ^''j-  Mace- 
rate for  14  days,  and  filter  through  paper.  Ph. 
U.  S.)     Stimulant.     Dose,  gtt.  xl  to  fgij. 

Spiritus  Lkthalis,  Carbonic  acid  —  s.  Lum- 
bricorum.  Liquor  volatilis  cornu  cervi. 

Spiritus  Mknth^  Pipkhi't^;,  Sp.  3fenth(p,  pi- 

peril'idis,  Aqua  MenthcR  piperit'idis  spirituo'sa, 
Spirit  of  Peppermint,  (F.)  Esprit  de  J/enthe 
poivrie.  [Olei.  menth.  pip.  Qvjss.  sp.  reetif. 
Oivss,  aqucB,  q.  s.  Distil  a  gallon.  Ph.  L.)  Car- 
minative and  stimulant.     Dose,  f^ss  to  fS'ij- 

Spiritus  Mentha  Sativ^,  Spiritus  menthas 
viridis. 

Spiritus  Mentii.e  Vir'idis,  Spiritus  menthca 
S'lti'vcB,  Aqua  Mentha  vuUja'ris  spirituo'sa,  Spirit 
of  Spearmint,  (F.)  Exprit  de  Menthe  vert.  {Olei 
Menth.  virid.  Qviss,  sp.  reetif.  Oivss,  aq.  q.  s. 
Distil  a  gallon.  Ph.  L.)  Like  the  last  in  pro- 
perties and  dose. 

Spiritus  Mili.epedauum,  Liquor  cornu  cervi 
— s.  Muriaticus  aethereus,  Spiritus  ^Etheris  muri- 
atiei. 

Spiritus  Myris'tice,  Sp.  Myristioce  Moscha'- 
tm  seu  Nncia  MosehatcF,  Aqua  Nucis  Mosehata  seu 
Nephrit'icn,  Nutmeg  Water,  (F.)  Esprit  de  Mns- 
cade.  (Mi/rist.  cont.  ^ij,  Alcohol,  dil.  cong., 
<iqii(E  Oj.  Distil  a  gallon.)  Cordial  and  carmi- 
native.    Dose,  n^j  to  f^iv. 

Spiritus  Mvrti  Piment.«.  Spiritus  pimentac 
—  s.  Nitri  aciJus,  Nitric  acid  —  s.  Nitri  dulcis, 
Spiritus  aitheris  nitrici  —  s.  Nitri  duplex,  Nitric 
ncid  —  s.  Nitri  fumans.  Nitric  acid  —  s.  Nitri 
(ilauberi,  Nitric  acid—  s.  Nitri  simplex,  see  Ni- 
tric acid  — s.  Nitri  vulgaris,  see  Nitric  ncid  —  s. 
Nucis  mo^chatoe,  Si)iritus  myristicie— s.  Ophthal- 
Uiicus  Mindereri,  Liquor  ummoniaj  acetatis. 


Spiritus  Pimen'TjE,  Sp.  Myrti  Pimenta  seu 
Pimento,  Aqua  Mirab'Hla,  S))irit  of  Pimento, 
[01.    J'iment.  f.   g'j.  Alcohol,  dilut.  coDg.      Solve. 

Ph.  U.  S.)  Cordial  and  carminative.  Dose,  f^j 
to  f  !5'v. 

Spiritus  Pule'gii,  Aqua  Pulegii  spirituo'sa, 
Sj/irit  if  Pennyroyal,  Spirituous  Pennyroyal  Wa- 
ter, (F.j  Esprit  de  Pouliot.  (Olei  pideyii  Qvij, 
sp.  rect.  Oivss,  aqua,  q.  s.  Distil  a  gallon.  Ph. 
L.)  Same  as  spirit  of  spearmint  in  properties 
and  dose. 

Spiritus  Pyro-aceticus,  Acetone. 

Spiritus  Pyroxyl'icus,  Pyroxyl'ic  spirit, 
Wood  spirit,  Wood  alcohol,  Pyrouylic  alcohol, 
Melhylic  alcohol,  Hy'drated  oxide  of  metliyle,  Bi- 
hydrate  <f  Meth'ylene,  {y .)  Esj)rit  pyrojrylique, 
Esprit  de  hois.  This  substance  is  by  some  sup- 
posed to  have  been  the  article  given  in  phthisis, 
by  Dr.  Hastings,  under  the  names  Naphtha  and 
Wood  Naphtha.  It  was  probably,  however,  the 
Pyro-acetic  spirit.  See  Acetone.  When  wood 
is  subjected  to  destructive  distillation,  about  one 
per  cent,  of  an  inflammable  volatile  liquid,  along 
with  other  products,  passes  over,  which,  when  se- 
parated and  purified,  constitutes  pyroxylie  spirit. 
It  is  given  in  the  same  cases  and  doses  as  Ace- 
tone. 

Spiritus  Rectifica'tus,  Sp.  Vini  rectifcatus 
seu  vino'sus  rectifieatns,  (Enostafma,  Q'Jnelce'- 
uni,  Pyrce'nus,  Al'cohol,  A.  Vini,  Spirit  of  Wine, 
(F.)  Esprit  de  Vin  reetif  e.  Rectified  spirit  is 
much  used  in  Pharmacy  to  dissolve  resinous  and 
other  sul)stances.  It  is  seldom  exhibited  inter- 
nally ;  although  it  exists  in  the  diluted  state  in 
all  vinous  and  spirituous  liquors.  Externally,  it 
is  employed  as  a  discutient. — S.  g.,  according  to 
the  London  Pharmacopoeia,  0-838;  according  to 
that  of  Dublin,  0-840, •  of  Edinburgh  and  United 
States.  0-835,  (see  Alcohol,)  and  of  Paris,  0-819 
to  0-827. 

Spiritus  Rector,  Aroma — s.  Raphani  compo- 
situs,  S|)iritus  aruioraciae  compositus — s.  llorife- 
rus,  Gaz  sanguinis. 

Spiritus  Rosmari'ni,  Sp.  Rosmarini  officina'- 
lis,  Sp.  Authos,  Spirit  of  liosemary,  JJnnyary 
Water,  (F.)  Esprit  de  Romariu.  (01.  rosnoiriiii 
fgiv,  Alcdiol.  cong.  Solve.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Stimu- 
lant.    Dose,  f^j  to  f 3;iv. 

Spiritus  Salis  Acinus  seu  Fumaxs,  Jluriati- 
cum  acidum  —  s.  Sali-ammoniaci,  S|)iritus  am- 
monia— s.  Salis  ammoniaci  aquosus.  Liquor  am- 
moniiB  —  s.  Salis  ammoniaci  lactescens  seu  lac- 
tcus,  Spiritus  ainnioniai  succinatus — s.  Salis  am- 
moniaci sulphuratus,  Animoniaa  sulphiirotum  — 
s.  Salis  dulcis,  Spiritus  Eutheris  muriatici- — s.  Salis 
Glauberi,  .Muriaticum  acidum — s.  Salis  marini, 
Muriaticum  acidum  —  s.  Salis  marini  coagniatus, 
Potassa;  nuirias — s.  Salis  volatilis  oleosus,  Spiritus 
ainmoniic  aroinaticus  —  s.  Sulphurico-ajthereus 
caniphorntus,  Tinctura  letlierea  coiiiposita  —  s. 
Sulphurico-itthereus  martialis,  Tinctura  seu  Al- 
cohol sulphurico-atheieus  ferri  —  s.  Sulphuris, 
Suli)liurous  acid  —  s.  Sulphuris  per  cami>anam, 
Sul])liurous  acid  —  s.  Sulphuris  volatilis,  Ammo- 
nia' sulphurctuin  —  s.  Sulphurosus  volatilis,  Sul- 
phur(uis  acid. 

Spiritus  Tknu'ior,  Alcohol  dilu'tum,  Spiritus 
vino'sus  tenu'ior.  Proof  Spirit,  (F.)  Esprit  de  vin 
delaiie.  Generally  made  for  pharmaceutical  pur- 
poses, by  mixing  equal  parts  of  rectified  spirit 
and  water.  S.  g.  Lond.  0  920  :  Edinb.  and  Uni- 
ted States,  0-935.  It  is  employed  in  the  same 
cases  as  those  in  which  the  .alcohol  is  used:  — 
chiefly,  as  a  solvent  of  vegetable  matters,  in  the 
form  of  tinctures. 

Spiritus  Veneris.  Aceticura  acidum — s.  Vini 
Gallici,  Prandy — s.  Vini  rectificatus,  Spiritus  rec- 
tificalus — s.  Vinosus  camphoratus,  Spiritus  cam- 
phorte — s.  Vinosus  tenuior,  Spiritus  teuuior  —  s. 


SPIROID  CANAL 


8  02 


SPLENECTOPIA 


Vitalis,  Nprvous  fluid  —  s.  A''itrioli,  Sulphuric 
(icid  —  s.  Vitrioli  acidus  Vogleri,  Sulphuricum 
aciduin  dilutum  —  s.  Vitrioli  coaguliitus  Myn- 
siohti,  Potitssfp  sulphas  —  s.  Vitrioli  dulci?,  Spi- 
ritiis  aetheris  sulphuric! — s.  Vitrioli  phlogisticntus, 
Sulphurous  acid — s.  Volatilis  aromatieus,  Spiritus 
ammonia;  aromatieus  —  s.  Volatilis  foetidus,  Spi- 
ritus atnnioniip  foetidus. 

SPIROrD  CANAL,  Aqujeductus  Fallopii. 

SPIROM'ETER;  a  hybrid  term,  from  s^jn-o, 
'I  breathe,'  and  ficrpov,  'a  measure:  —  projierly 
AnnpiKtin'eter,  Pneiiiiini'eter,  Piieiimoiit'eter,  Piieu- 
viatinn'eter,  Pttlinom'etcr,  Pneiimoiiom'eler.  Any 
instrument  for  measuring  the  quantity  of  air 
concerned  in  respiration,  and,  consequently,  the 
capacity  of  the  lungs.  This  mode  of  mcasurc- 
luent  has  been  called  Sjn'roiu'cfn/,  as  it  was 
formerly  called  Piilmoin'rtri/.  Tin:  tiTui  spiro- 
meter is  now  usually  applied  to  a  kind  of  gaso- 
meter introduced  by  Dr.  Hutchinson  to  estimate 
the  quantity  of  air  contained  in,  or,  rather,  ex- 
pelled from  the  lungs  under  different  circum- 
stances. 

SPIROPTERA  IIOMINIS,  see  Worms. 

SPISSANTIA,  Incrassantia. 

SPIT,  Sputum. 

SPITAL,  Hospital. 

Spit'al,  MiNEiiAL  Waters  of.  The  village  of 
Spital  is  situate  on  the  south  side  of  the  Tweed, 
near  Tweedmouth.  The  springs  there  contain 
chloride  of  calcium,  sulphate  of  soda,  sulphate 
and  carbonate  of  lime.  They  act  as  saline 
cathartics. 

SPITH'AMA,  <T~,&uiJi:i,  Dodmns.  A  measure 
of  twelve  fingers'  breadth,  or  about  nine  inches. 

SPITTING,  Exspuition. 

SPITTLE.  Saliva  — s.  Sweet,  see  Salivation. 

SPLANCHNA,  Entrails. 

SPLANCHNECTOP'IA,  Sp>nncJniod;<,n't„„is, 
Situn  perver'sHs  seu  aiiDni'iihi^  intestiito'rum  ;  from 
(r7rXay)(^vov,  'an  intestine,'  tK,  'out  of,'  and  runoi, 
'  place.'  Misplacement  or  ectopia  of  the  intes- 
tines. 

SPLANCHNELMTNTIIA,  Worms, 

SPLANCHNEURYS'MA,  from  (TTrXayxi""'.  'an 
intestine,'  and  evpvvu),  'I  dilate'  Morbid  dilata- 
tion of  the  intestines. 

SPLANCHNIC,  Splrinch',n-c,(x,  Vh'cernl,  (F.) 
l^planchniifiie,  from  a-K\ay)(yuv,  'a  viscus.'  Re- 
lating or  belonging  to  the  viscera. 

Splanchnic  Cav'itirs  are  the  three  great  ca- 
vities of  the  body; — those  of  the  cranium,  chest, 
and  abdomen. 

Splanchnic  Nekves  belong  to  the  great  sym- 
pathetic, and  are  two  in  number  on  each  side. 
They  are  distinguished  into:  —  1.  The  cp-ent 
splanchnic  nerve,  (F.)  Grand  siirr^nal  (Ch.), 
Its  roots — four  or  five  in  number — come  from  the 
6th,  7th,  8th,  9th,  and  sometimes  the  10th,  tho- 
racic ganglia.  They  descend  inwards,  on  the 
sides  of  the  vertebral  column,  beneath  the  pleura, 
and  unite  into  a  single  trunk,  which  enters  the 
abdomen  through  a  separation  of  the  fleshy  fibres 
of  the  pillars  of  the  diaphragm  ;  passes  behind 
the  stomach,  and  divides  into  several  branches, 
which  pass  into  the  semilunar  ganglion.  2.  The 
leiner  splanchnic  nerve,  Renal  nerve,  (F.)  Splonch- 
iiiqne  accessoire  of  Walther,  Petit  anrrhial,  (Ch.,) 
is  composed  of  two  distinct  branches,  proceeding 
from  the  10th  and  11th  thoracic  ganglia,  which 
unite  on  the  12th  dorsal  vertebra  into  a  cord,  that 
]iierces  the  diaphragm  singly;  enters  the  abdo- 
men, and  divides  into  two  branches,  one  of  which 
anastomoses  with  the  greater  splanchnic  nerve, 
whilst  the  other  sends  its  filaments  to  the  renal 
and  solar  plexuses. 

Splanch'nica.  Medicines  adapted  to  diseases 
of  the  bowels.    Also,  the  2d  order  of  the  class 


Caeliacao^  (ino(\;  defined, — diseases  alTerting  the 
collatitious  viscera,  and  characterized  by  dis(]iiiet 
or  diseased  action  in  the  organs  auxiliary  to  the 
digestive  process,  without  primary  iiiHamination. 

SPLANCHNODIASTASIS,  Splanchnectopia. 

SPLANCHNOD'YNE.  from  airUyxvov,  'a  vis- 
cus,' and  o^vviu  '  pain.'     Pain  in  the  bowels. 

SPLANCnNO(JRAPII  [A,  Splanchnography. 

SPLANCHNO(J'RAPUY,  Sptanchm.ijra'ph;,,, 
from  (mXayximv,  'a  viscus,'  and  y(in<(ii),  'a  descrip- 
tion.' The  part  of  anatomy  which  treats  of  the 
viscera. 

SPLANCIINOLITiri'ASIS;  from  OTrUyxv^v, 
'a  viscus,'  and  XiOuy,  'a  stone.'  The  formation 
of  a  calculous  concretion  in  any  viscus. 

SPLANCHNOL'OGY,  Splanchiwlot/'ia,  from 
oTtXayxvov,  'a  viscus,'  and  Xoyos,  'a  disc(jurse.'  A 
treatise  on   the  viscera  : — also.  Splanchiun'raphy. 

SPLANCHNOPATJII'A,  from  cnXayx^'ov,  'a 
viscus,  and  ira^oj,  'suffering.'  A  disease  of  the 
intestines. 

SPLANCHNOSCLERO'STS,  from  cnXayxvov, 
'a  viscus,'  and  cKXripos,  '  hard.'  Induration  of  a 
viscus. 

S  P  L  A  N  C  H  N  0  T  '  0  M  Y,  Splam-hnntom'in, 
Sphtnchnot'ome,  from  anXiiyxvav,  'a  viscus,'  and 
TE/iKi),  'I  cut.'  Dissection  or  anatomy  of  the 
viscera. 

SPLAT-FOOT,  see  Kyllosis. 

SPLAYFOOT,  see  Kyllosis. 

SPLEEN,  cTtXrjv,  Lien,  Hepar  sinis'tnim  sen 
adnUeri'nian,  Foines  veiitric' uli,  3lilt,  (Sc.)  Melt, 
(F.)  Rate.  A  soft,  spongy,  parenchymatous 
organ  ;  of  a  more  or  less  deep  violet  red,  situate 
deeply  in  the  left  hypochondrium,  below  the  dia- 
phragm, above  the  colon,  between  the  great 
tuberosity  of  the  stomach  and  the  cartilages  of 
the  false  ribs,  and  above  and  anterior  to  the  kid- 
ney. Its  ordinary  length  is  4^  inches ;  its  thick- 
ness 2J  :  and  its  weight  8  ounces.  Its  parenchyma, 
which  is  bathed  in  blood,  contains  a  multitude  of 
grayish,  soft,  and  semi-transparent  granulations 
—  sjylenic  corpuscles  or  3[alpi(jhinn  Indies  of  the 
spleen.  It  is  covered  by  a  serous  membrane, 
furnished  by  the  peritoneum  ;  and  by  a  proper 
coat,  of  a  fibrous  nature,  which  is  intimately  unitcil 
with  it,  and  transmits  in'o  its  interior  delicate, 
solid,  and  very  elastic  prolongations — .trabeeidm. 
At  its  inner  edge  is  a  fissure,  Hilus  seu  Porta 
lie'nis,  by  which  the  vessels  and  nerves  enter  the 
organ.  'The  functions  of  the  spleen  arc  unknown. 
The  best  opinion  is,  that  it  appertains  to  haoma- 
tosis,  and  acts  as  a  diverticulum  to  the  vascular 
system. 

Spleen,  Hypochondriasis  —  s.  Malpighian  bo- 
dies of  the,  see  Spleen  —  s.  Supernumerary, 
Lienculus. 

SPLEENWORT,  Asplcnium,  A.  filix  fnemina, 
Asplenium  scolopendrium  —  s.  Bush,  Comptonia 
aspienifolia. 

SPLEN,  Spleen. 

SPLENAL'GIA,  NenraVnia  lie'nis,  ^ple'nica, 
fiiplenodi/n'ia,  from  splen,  and  aXyos,  '  pain.'  Pain 
in  the  spleen. 

Splenalgia  Bknoalensis,  see  Cachexia,  sple- 
nic—  s.  Phlegmonodea,  Splenitis — s.  Subinflara- 
matoria  chronica,  Splcnoncus. 

SPLENATROPH'IA,  Atroph'ia  Lie'nis,  from 
s^ilen,  and  atrophia,  'atrophy.'  Wasting  or 
atrophy  of  the  spleen. 

SPLENAUXE.  Splcnoncus. 

SPLENECTAMA,  Splcnoparectama. 

SPLENECTASIS,  Splcnoparectama. 

SPLENECTOM'IA,  Splenec'tome.  from  sphn, 
CK,  '  out  of,'  and  rcfivu),  '  I  cut.'  Extirpation  of 
the  spleen. 

SPLENECTOP'IA,  Disloca'tio  seu  Ertop'ia 
lie'nis  seu  tplenis,  Anomosplenotopie  —  Plorry  ; 
from  splen,  and  cktoitos,  {ck,  and  roiroj,)  'out  of 


SPLENEMPIIRAXIS 


8G3 


SPONDLES 


plnce.'   Dislocation  of  the  spleen.    Not  a  common 
occurrence. 

SPLENKMPHRAX'TS,  Sphnophra.v'in,  from 
ilileii,  and  en'ppnaau,  '  I  obstruct.'  Obstruction 
of  the  spleen. — Voj;el.  See  Splenoncus. 
SPIiENES.  Hypochondriasis. 
SPLENET'ICUS,  Sple'uicKH,  Splenit'ir.tts,  Lie- 
nn'niig,  (F.)  liiiteleiijc.  That  which  relates  to  the 
.spleen  :  one  labouring  under  diseased  spleen.  A 
medicine  adapted  for  diseases  of  the  spleen. 

SPLENIC,  .S'jjIe'niciiH,  Sple'iilun,  (F.)  Spl^- 
vli/ne,  from  aplen.  That  which  relates  to  the 
spleen. 

Splenic  Artkry.  It  arises  from  theeoeliac; 
nnd  passes  from  right  to  left,  forming  many 
windings  iilong  the  upper  edge  of  the  pancreas, 
which  lodges  it  in  a  special  groove.  It  reaches 
liie  fissure  of  the  spleen,  and  divides  into  several 
branches  that  enter  the  organ.  In  its  course  it 
furnishes  the  pancreatic,  left  gastro-epiploic,  and 
the  vrrsn  hreviii. 

SpI/Knio  Cacukxia,  see  Cachexia  splenica  —  s. 
Corpuscles,  see  Spleen. 

Splenic  Plexus  is  a  nervous  network,  which 
proceeds  from  the  cooliac 'plexus,  and  accompa- 
nies the  splenic  artery,  sending  secondary  plex- 
uses to  each  division. 

Splenic  Vein,  Venn  eple'nica,  V.  liena'lis, 
arises  from  the  spleen,  and  accompanies  the  sple- 
jsic  artery  ;  proceeding  from  left  to  right,  to  unite 
with  the  superior  mesenteric  vein,  and  to  form, 
with  it,  the  abdominal  vena  porta.  In  its  course, 
it  receives  veins  corresponding.to  the  vasa  brevia, 
the  right  and  left  gastro-epiploic,  the  duodenal, 
pancreatic,  coronaria  ventriculi,  and  inferior  me- 
senteric veins. 

SPLENICA,  Splenalgia.  Also,  medicines  which 
affect  the  spleen.  —  Percira. 

SPLENICUS,  Splencticus,  Splenic. 

SPLENIOLA,  Compress. 

SPLENIS  TUMOR,  Ague  cake. 

SPLENISA  TION,  Splenization. 

SPLENISCUS,  Compress. 

SPLENITICUS,  Splenic. 

SPLENI'TIS,  from  xplen,  and  itix,  denoting 
iMtiammation.  Inflammation  of  the  spleen,  t^m- 
pres'iiin  upleniti's,  fiijhninnn'tio  h'c'iiis,  I.  aplenin, 
S/jleiial'(/i'a  phley mono' (lea,  Lieni'tis,  (F.)  Splc- 
iiite,  IiijlfimmntioH  de  In  Hate.  A  rare  disease, 
characterized  by  local  pain,  swelling,  and  heat, 
which  sometimes  terminates  by  suppuration.  It 
generally  affects  the  capsule — Epi«ph'ui'tin,  Pcr!- 
K/jloii'tin — and  must  be  treated  like  other  inflam- 
uuitions. 

SPLENIUM,  Compress  — R.  Corporis  Callosi, 
see  Corpus  callosum  —  s.  Cruciatum,  Croix  de 
jr„lle. 

SPLE'NIUS,  S.  Cnp'itin  sen  Coll!,  (F.)  Cervico- 
domo-mnHto'idien  et  dorso-trnrhelieii,  Cervico-mas- 
li'idien  (Ch.),  Posterior  mn»toid  miisr/e.  So  called 
ifom  its  resemblance  to  the  spleen  of  certiiin  ani- 
mal?. A  muscle  situnte  at  the  posterior  part  of 
the  neck,  and  upper  part  of  the  back.  It  is  much 
broader  above  than  below,  where  it  terminates  in 
n  point.  It  is  attached,  by  its  inner  edge,  to  the 
spinous  processes  of  the  first  five  dorsal  vertebrre  : 
til  that  of  the  7th  cervical,  and  to  the  inferior  part 
of  the  posterior  cervical  ligament.  l?y  its  upper 
extremity,  it  is  attached  to  the  transverse  pro- 
cesses of  the  first  two  cervical  vertebrae,  to  the 
mastoid  process,  and  to  the  posterior  surface  of 
the  occipital  bone.  Some  have  considered  this 
muscle  to  be  formed  of  two  portions,  which  they 
have  called  Splenins  colli,  and  Spleniim  cnp'itis. 
The  splenius  extends  the  head,  inclines  it,  and 
rotates  it.  If  the  splenii  of  each  side  act  together, 
they  extend  the  head. 

SPLENIZA'TION.  Splenizatio,  Splenificn'tion, 
iSjjlenijica'tio,  (F.)    Spl^niiation,   from   >:2>leu.     A 


term  applied  to  the  state  of  the  lung  in  the  first  or 
second  stage  of  pneumonia,  in  which  its  tissue  re- 
sembles that  of  tlie  spleen. 

SPLENOCE'IjE,  Ifer'iiiii  lienn'lis,  from  epien, 
and  KTiXri,  'a  tumour.'  Hernia  formed  by  the 
spleen. 

SPLENODYNIA,  Splenalgia. 
SPLENOG'RAPIIY.    Splenorjrnph'iu,    from 
sphn,  and  YP"<P'l>  '*  description.'     A   description 
of  the  spleen. 

SPLENOH^E'MIA,  (F.)  Splenolihnie,  from 
splen,  and  'aifia,  '  blood.'  Congestion  or  hyper- 
asmia  of  the  spleen,  a  common  phenomenon  in 
many  diseases,  especially  in  typhoid  and  inter- 
mittent fevers. 

SPLENOID,  Spleno'i' den,  Spleno' den,  from 
aplen,  and  eiSos,  'resemblance.'  Spleen-like. 
Having  the  appearance  of  the  spleen. 

SPLENOL'OGY,     SpIe»olo,j"ia,     from     spleu, 

and  Xoyoi,  '  a  discourse.'    A  treatise  on  the  spleen. 

SPLEXOMALA'CIA,      Lienomaln'ein,     from 

splen,  and  itnXaKos,  'soft.'     Morbid  softening  of 

the  spleen. 

SPLENOXCIE,  Splenoncus. 
^?'L\mO'^'QV^,Me,j<,loxple'nin.H}ipertrf,pli'ln 
seu  Supernutrit" io  kplriils  scu  lie'nis,  Iiituniexcen'- 
tin  seu  In/nrc'tna  seu  Physco'nia  iienis,  Splenal'- 
(jin  8iil>in/la7Jimiito'ria  chroii'ica,  Splenemphrnx'ix, 
Splenimx'e,  Hijpetnphnotroj)h'iit,  Lien  ingens, 
(F.)  Splenoueie,  Hiipertrophie  de  la  Rote ;  from 
splen.  and  oyKo^, '  a  tumour.'  Tumefaction  of  tho 
spleen.     See  A^wp  cake. 

SPLENOPAREC'TAMA,  Splenee'fnvin,  Sple- 
nopnrec'  tasiH,  Splenec'  tnsis,  from  splen,  and 
TtapiKTana,  'excessive  volume.'  Excessive  en- 
largement of  the  sideen.  —  Plonequet. 

SPLEXOPARECTASIS,  Splcn.iparectama. 
RPLENOPIIRAXIA.  Splenemphraxis. 
SPLEN0RRIIA(}"IA,   from   sphn,  and  payv 
'rupture'     Ilemorrhaarc  from  the  spleen. 

SPLENOSCIR'RIIUS,  from  sj>len. -.^nd  a^tppn;, 
'hardness.'     Scirrhus  or  cancer  of  the  spleen. 

SPLENOT'OMY,  Sphnotom'in,  Splcnot'ome, 
from  Hplen,  and  rt/zvu,  'I  cut.'  Dissection  of  the 
spleen. 

SPLINT,  Teut.  Splinter,  from  s  p  1  i  j  t  e  n, 
'to  split;'  Hnsfel'ld,  Ass'ida,  Asser'cnlnm,  Pla<j'- 
vla,  Nartliex,  Fer'nla,  (F.)  Attelle,  Eelisse.  A 
flexible  and  resisting  lamina  of  wood,  used  in  the 
treatment  of  fractures,  to  keep  the  fragments  in 
apposition,  and  prevent  their  displacement. 
Splints  are  made  of  iron,  wood,  bark  of  trees, 
leather,  gutta  percha,  pasteboard,  Ac.  They  are 
generally  padded,  and  are  fixed  by  a  roller  or  by 
tapes,  according  to  circumstances. 

SPLINTER,  (F.)  Exqnille.  Same  etymon. 
This  term  is  sometimes  applied  to  a  small  portion 
of  wood,  which  occasionally  enters  the  skin,  and 
gives  occasion  to  much  irritation,  until  it  is  re- 
moved,—  Acu'leus  lii/'nens,  (F.)  £charde. 

It  is  also  ayiplied  to  fragments  that  separate 
frou)  ti  fractured  or  diseased  bone. 

SPLITCLOTII,  Lin'tenm  svissnm.  A  bandage 
for  the  head,  consisting  of  a  central  part,  and  six 
or  eight  tails.  The  nimjle  split  cloth  has  four 
tails.  It  is  regarded  as  tho  most  convenient 
bandage  for  the  bend,  face  and  jaws. 
SPLITROCK,  Ileuchera  eortusa. 
SPOAT,  Saliva. 

SPODTUM  (iR.ECORUM,  Album  grwcura. 
SPOLIARIUM,  Apodytcrium. 
SPO'LIATIVE,  Spoliati'rti,  from  spniinre,  spn- 
/la^Kw,  '  to  take  away.'  (F.)  Spolinlif.  Phlebo- 
tom'ia  spolititi'va.  (F.)  Snit/iiee  spolintive.  Blood- 
letting, used  for  the  purpose  of  diminishing  the 
mass  of  blood. 

SPOLTATORirM,  Apodyterium. 
SPOXDLES,  YertebriE. 


SrOXDYLALGIA 


8f.4 


SPRUCE   BEER 


SPOXDYLAL'GIA,  Sj)n,n1ylody,i'!a,  from 
(nrofiijAof,  '  a  vertebra,'  and  oAyof,  'pain.'  Pnin 
ill  the  vertebrae.  Cacorrhachitis.  See  Vertebral 
Disease. 

.SPONDYLARTHRI'TIS,  from  orov^vXo;,  «a 
vertelir.'),'  aijOfiov,  'a  joint,'  and  itis,  denoting  in- 
flanjiiiiitioii.  Gouty  or  rheumatic  inflammation 
of  tlie  spinal  column. 

SPONDYLARTIIROCACE,  Vertebral  disease. 

&;PONDYLI,  Vertebra;. 

SPONDYLIS,  Coccyx. 

SPONDYLI'TIS,  Jiijhimma'tio  ver'tebvcB,  from 
anovivXos,  and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  In- 
flarnniiition  of  the  vertebrae. 

SPONDYLIUM,  Coccyx,  Ileracleum  spondy- 
lium. 

SPONDYLOCACE,  Vertebral  disease. 

SPONDYLODYNIA,  Spondylalgia. 

SPONDYLOPATIII'A,  from  cwovivXoi,  'a  ver- 
tebra,' and  nados,  'a  disease.'  A  disease  of  the 
vertebral  column. 

SPONDYLOPYOSIS,  Vertebral  disease. 

SPOND'YLUS,  aitovbuXoi.  A  vertebra.  Also, 
the  vertex. 

SPONGE,  BASTARD,  Aloyonium. 

SPONGI.     The  tumefied  glands  of  the  neck. 

SPON'GIA,  S.  officina'lis  son  Mari'na,  Spon- 
gos,  Sphongus,  Sponge,  (F.)  Eponye.  An  organ- 
ized marine  substance,  of  the  Class  Porifera,  met 
■with  in  many  seas,  but  especially  in  the  Medi- 
terranean and  Arabian.  It  is  supple,  elastic, 
porous,  and  capable  of  absorbing  fluids  in  which 
it  may  be  placed,  and  of  thus  increasing  in  size. 
It  is  employed  in  euryery,  for  cleansing  or  wash- 
ing;  fur  absorbing  acrid  discharges  from  ulcers; 
suppressing  hemorrhage  when  the  mouth  of  the 
vessel  can  be  compressed  by  it,  and  for  forming 
tents  for  dilating  wounds ;  in  which  case,  the 
sponge  is  immersed  in  melting  wax,  and  cooled 
before  being  used,  It  is  then  called  Spoiigia 
ceru'td,  Wii.red,  Cera'ted  or  Prepared  Sponge  or 
Sponge  Tent. 

Spongia  Assa,  S.  Usta— s.  Cerata,  see  Spongia 
—  s.  Cynosbati,  Bedegar. 

Spoxgia  Usta,  S.  Assa,  Carho  epon'gice,  Burnt 
Sponge,  contains  carbonate  and  phosphate  of 
lime,  carbonate  of  soda,  charcoal,  and  iodine.  It 
is  used  in  bronchocele,  scrofulous  affections,  and 
herpetic  eruptions;  and  its  good  effects  seem  to 
lie  dependent  upon  iodine.  It  is  made  by  cutting 
sponge  into  pieces,  and  heating  it,  that  any  ex- 
traneous matter  may  be  separated;  burning  it  in 
a  close  iron  vessel  until  it  becomes  black  and 
friable,  and,  lastly,  rubbing  it  into  very  fine  pow- 
der.—Ph.  U.  S.     Dose,  3j  to  giij. 

SPON'GLE  LAPIS.  A  name  given  to  small 
friable  stones  found  in  sponge,  'i'hey  were  for- 
merly esteemed  lithontriptic. 

SPONGIODES,  Spongoid. 

SPONGIOLE,  Spon'giolnm,  Spon'yiola,  Spon- 
ge'let ;  from  a-rroyyiov,  'a  small  sponge.'  The  soft 
succulent  extremity  of  the  fibrils  or  true  roots  of 
a  plant,  by  which  it  absorbs  or  sucks  up  fluid. 
Similar  spongioles  have  been  supposed  to  exist 
fit  the  terminations  of  the  absorbents  in  animals. 

SPON'(jION.  Ancient  name  of  an  epithem 
made  of  goats'  dung:  and  also  of  a  malagma, 
which  was  considered  capable  of  absorbing  the 
serum  in  dropsies,  like  a  sponge.  —  Paulus,  Gor- 
raeus. 

SPONGIO-PILINE,  from  xpongia,  'sponge,' 
and  pilus,  'a  hair.'  A  fabric,  composed  of  sponge 
and  wool,  felted  together  in  three  layers,  and 
coated,  on  one  of  its  surfaces,  with  caoutchouc, 
which  renders  it  impermeable.  It  is  of  great  ser- 
vice as  a  cataplasm,  fomentation,  vehicle  for 
lotions,  liniments,  &e. 

SPONGIOSUM  (OS),  Ethmoid  bone. 

SPONGIOSUS,  Spongoid. 


SPONGOID,  S,wngoi'd<-8,  Si>o„gio'd,s,  Spov. 
glo'sns.  Sjxingy,  from  cnoyyia,  'sponge,'  and  tiiot, 
'resemblance.'  Resembling  sponge.  Of  the  na- 
ture of  sponge. 

Spongoid  Inflammation,  Ilicmatodcs  fungus. 

SpoNGOin  TiSSfE,  (F.)  Tis«n  nj/onyo'ide.  An 
adventitious  spongy  tissue,  found  in  cases  of 
rickets.  —  Guerin. 

SPONGOS,  Tonsil. 

SPONGY,  Spongoid. 

Spongy  Tissue,  see  Bone. 

SPONSA  SOLIS.  Calendula  ofiioinalis. 

SPONTA'NEOUS,  Spontu'nens,  (F.)  Spontanfe, 
from  sponte,  'voluntarily.'  That  which  occurs 
of  itself,  or  without  any  manifest  external  cause. 
Evacuations  are  termed  spontaneons,  which  are 
not  produced  by  medicine.  Sponta' neons  lus'si- 
fiide  is  that  which  is  not  the  result  of  fatigue. 
Diseases  are  also  spontaneous  which  su)ierverie 
without  apparent  cause.  Sponla'neous  Ampiita'- 
tion  is  the  separation  of  a  limb  from  the  fanus  in 
utero. 

Spontaneous  Evolution,  see  Evolution  —  s. 
Version,  Evolution,  spontaneous. 

SPONTEPARITE,  Generation,  spontaneous. 

SPOON,  Umbilicus. 

SPOONWOOD,  Kalmia  latifolia,  Tilia  Ameri- 
cana. 

SPORAD'IC,  Spor'ades,  Sporad'iei,  Morhi  die- 
per'si  seu  sparsi,  (F.)  Maladies  sporadiqnes,  from 
cTTCtpo),  'I  spread.'  Diseases  which  supervene  in- 
dillerently  in  every  season  and  situation,  from 
accidental  causes, 'and  independently  of  any  epi- 
demic or  contagious  influence. 

SPORE,  Spor'ule,  Sporum,  Spor'nbim,  from 
arrufiu),  'I  SOW.'  The  reproductive  body  in  cryp- 
togamous  plants,  which  is  analogous  to  the  seed 
of  phanerogamous  plants. 

SPORID'IUM  ;  same  etymon.  The  reproduc- 
tive body  in  algaceous  plants,  which  resembles 
the  spore  of  other  plants. 

SPORULE,  Spore. 

SPORUM,  Spore. 

SPOTS,  CEREBRAL,  Tachea  eerehrahs  —  s. 
Germinal,  see  Molecule  —  s.  Meningitic,  Taches 
Meniiiyitlqnes. 

Spots,  Red,  (F.)  TacJies  rouges,  Pose  spots, 
Rose'olce  seu  Pap'nlcB  ti/j/ho'scp.  Small  red  spots 
wiiich  appear  in  typhoid  fever,  from  the  8th  to 
the  15th  day  of  the  disease.  They  are  most  fre- 
quently seen  on  the  lower  and  middle  jiorlioiis  of 
the  chest,  and  upper  part  of  the  abdomen. 

Spots,  Rose,  Spots,  red. 

SPRAIN,  corrupted  from  strain  [?] — Sidihixa'- 
tlo,  Distor'tio,  Dias'tioplie,  Diustrem'ma,  Lnxa'- 
tio  imperfec'ta,  Exarthre'nia,  Exarthro'sis.  Strem- 
mn,  Tlilasma  Sireiniint,  Wreneh,  (Sc.)  Wramp, 
(Prov.)  Kench,  Keak,  (F.)  Detorse,  Enton-e,  Foit- 
Inre.  A  violent  straining  or  twisting  of  the  soft 
parts  surrounding  the  joints.  According  to  tlje 
degree  of  the  sprain,  the  fibrous  parts  of  the  joint 
may  be  simply  stretched,  or  they  may  be  rup- 
tured. This  affection,  which  has  been  regarded 
as  incomplete  luxation,  occurs,  particularly,  in 
the  ginglymoid  joints;  —  as  in  the  loot,  wri.-t, 
knee,  &c.  The  violence  causes  an  afflux  of 
blood;  the  serum  of  the  blood  is  poured  out,  and 
often  the  blood  itself,  owing  to  the  rupture  of 
vessels  ;  and  inflammation  arises,  which  ends  in 
resolution  or  induration.  Local,  antiiihlogistic 
applications  are  required,  with  perfect  rest;  and, 
when  the  inflammatory  action  has  subsided,  cohl 
pumping  and  friction,  with  the  applicaiion  of  a 
plaster  and  bandage,  will  afford  support  till  the 
parts  affected  recover  their  due  tone. 

SPRAT,  YELLOW-RILLED,  Clupea  thryssa. 

SPRUCE  BEKR,  White  Spruce  Jieer.  A  beer 
made  as  follows:  To  10  gallons  of  water,  add  0 
pounds  of  sugar,  and  4  oz.  of  essence  of  spruce. 


sruiTio 


865 


STAG MA 


Add  yeast,  and  bottle,  when  rcaJy.     It  is  grate- 
ful an<l  antiscorbutic. 

SiMiDCK  Hkcu  I'dWDERS  may  be  formed  of 
white  KiiU'ir,^},  and  J)ij  ;  *of/ff.  Hiihcdib.,  gr.  xxvj; 
entciK-e  i,f  Hpnice,  gr.  x,  in  each  blue  paper  ;  and 
aciit  of  tartar,  3ss  in  each  white  paper,  i'or  half 
a  pint  of  water. 

yPUITIO,  Exspnition. 

SPUMA  AROKNTI,  Plumbi  oxydum  semi- 
vitreuiu— s.  Cerevisise,  Yest— s.  Trium  dracouum, 
Antimimiuiii  inuriatura. 

SI'rMEUX,  Frothy. 

SPU.MOSUS,  Frothy. 

SPUNK,  Boletus  igniarius.^ 

SPUR,  Sax.  rpup,  (F.)  Eperon  des  Arlh-ee. 
The  angle  at  which  the  arteries  leave  a  cavity  or 
trunk. 

Rpi'R,  Ergot. 

SPUllBLIND,  Mvopic. 

KPUK(;E,  CAPER,  Euphorbia  lathyris  — s. 
Cypress,  Euphorbia  Cyparissias — s.  Flax,  Daphne 
gnidium — .s.  Flowering,  large,  Euphorbia  corol- 
lata — s.  Garden,  Euphorbia  lathyris — s.  Greater, 
Euphorbia  palustris — s.  Ipecacuanha,  Euphorbia 
ipecacuanha. 

Spuhge  Lauukl,  Daphne  laureola. 

Spuiiok,  Maksii,  Euphorbia  palustris. 

Spuikje  Olive,  Cneorum  tricoccum,  Daphne 
mezereum. 

Spurge.  Petty,  Euphorbfi?  peplus — s.  Sea, 
Euphorbia  paralias  —  s.  Spotted,  Euphorbia  ma- 
culata — s.  Sun,  Euphorbia  helioscopia — s.  Wart- 
yrort,  Euphorbia  helioscopia. 

SPUTA,  PRUNE  JUICE,  pee  Prune  Juice. 

SPUTAMEN,  Saliva,  Sputum. 

SPUTAMENTUM,  Saliva,  Sputum, 

SPUTATIO,  Exspuition. 

SPUTATJON,  Exspuition. 

SPUTATORIUS,  Expectorant. 

SPUTUM,  plural  S/mta,  Apochrem'ma,  Chrem- 
ma,  Eiiiptyn'mn,  Spiita'rneit,  Pty'elon,  I'ljtl/i'ma, 
Spit,  from  xpiiere,  sputum,  'to  spit.'  (F.)  Cr<(chat. 
The  secretions  ejected  from  the  mouth  in  the  act 
of  spitting.  It  is  composed  of  saliva,  and  of  the 
mucus  secreted  by  the  mucous  membrane  of  the 
nasal  fossic  and  fauces,  and  often  by  the  mem- 
brane of  the  larynx  and  bronchia.  The  sputa 
are,  sometimes,  called  eru't/iuous,  when  of  a  green- 
ish-yellow colour ;  g}immy,  when  they  resemble 
a  thick  solution  of  gum;  frothy,  (F.)  mousseiix, 
when  covered  with  froth  ;  ruhi<j"inous,  (F.)  rnbl- 
gineiix  ou  roitiUes,  when  of  a  reddish-yellow  ;  and 
streaked,  (F.)  striis,  when  mixed  with  lines  of 
blood.     Also,  saliva. 

Sputum  Ckukntum,  Hasmoptysis  —  s.  Dulce, 
Saccharorrhoea  puhnonalis — s.  Oris,  Salivation — 
s.  Saccharatum,  Saccharorrhoea  pulmonalis  —  s. 
Sanguinis.  Haemoptysis. 

SQUALLING,  Vagitus. 

SQU.A.AIA,  Scale,  Squamous  portion,  Table. 

SQUAMA,  Scaly  diseases. 

SQUAMARIA,  Plumbago  Europcea. 

SQIJAMEUX,  Squamous. 

SQUAMIFORMIS,  Squamous. 

SQUAMOUS,  Squamo'siti',  Lepidoi'den,  Lepi- 
do'des,  SqiKunifor'min,  Scaly;  from  squama,  'a 
scale.'  That  which  relates  to  or  resembles  a  scale. 

SQUAjrous  Portion  of  the  temporal  bone,  (F.) 
Portion  iiquamcuHe  ou  4caillexise  du  Temporal,  is 
the  upper  part  of  the  temporal,  so  called  from  a 
fancied  resemblance  to  a  scale.  See  Temporal 
Bone. 

Squamous  Sutitre,  Stitn'ra  squamo'sn  sen  men- 
do'sa  seu  lepido'i'dea  seu  lepido'des  seu  cra'iiii 
tqiiamo'fa,  (F.)  Suture  squameuse  ou  fcailleuse. 
The  suture  which  unites  the  squamous  portion  of 
the  temporal  bone  to  the  parietal. 

Certain    scaly    cutaneous    affections    are   also 
called  squamous,  (F.)  squameujc.     See  Scale. 
65 


SQUARE  STALK,  Jfnnarda  coccinea. 

SQUARRA  TONDENS.  Porrigo  decalvans. 

SQ( FATTING  PILLS,  Pilulae  opiatae. 

SQUAW-MINT,  lledeoma. 

SQUAW-ROOT,  Actoca  racemosa,  Caulophyl- 
lum  thalictroides,  Senecio  aureus. 

SQUAW-WEED,  Erigeron  Philadelphicum. 

SQUEAMISIINESS,  Fastidium  cibi. 

St^UEAZlxXESS,  Nausea. 

SQ UELETTE,  Skeleton. 

SQUELETTOLOGIE,  Skeletology. 

SQUILL,  Scilla — s.  Vinegar  of,  .\cetum  scillae. 

SQUILLA,  Scilla. 

SQUINANCIE,  Cynanche,  Cynanche  tonsil- 
laris. 

SQUINANCY,  COMMON,  Cynanche  tonsil- 
laris. 

SQUINANTHIA,  Cynanche. 

SQUINANTHUS,  Juncus  odoratus. 

SQUINE,  Smilax  China. 

SQUINSY,  Cynanche  tonsillaris. 

SQUINT-EYED,  see  Strabismus. 

SQUINTER,  see  Strabismus. 

SQUINTING,  Strabismus. 

SQUINZEY,  Cynanche  tonsillaris. 

SQUIltUE,  Scirrhus — «.  eu  Cuirasse,  see  Lig- 
neous. 

SQUTRRIIE,  Scirrhus. 

SQUIRREL  CORN,  Dieentra  Canadensis, 

SQUIRREUX,  Scirrhous. 

SQUinnOGASTRIE,  Scirrhogastria. 

SQUIRRUS,  Scirrhus. 

SQUIRT,  Syringe. 

STACIIELBERG,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Stachelberg  Springs  are  far  down  in  the  valley 
of  the  Linth,  in  Switzerland.  The  waters  are 
sulphureous,  and  are  much  visited  by  gouty  and 
rheumatic  invalids. 

STAC II YS  FffiTIDA,  Galeopsis. 

STACTE,  Myrrha. 

STADE,  Stage. 

STADIUM,  Period,  Stage. 

Sta'dium  Acmes  seu  Sta'seos.  The  period  of 
the  height  of  a  disease. 

Sta'dium  Annihilatio'nis  seu  Convalescen'- 
Ti/E  seu  ReconvalescentIvE.  The  period  of  re- 
covery from  disease. 

Stadium  Augmen'ti  seu  Incremejj'ti  Morbi. 
The  period  or  stage  of  increase  of  a  di.«ease. 

Stadium  Caloris,  Stage,  (hot)  —  s.  Convales- 
centias,  S.  annihilationis. 

Stadium  Dkcremen'ti.  The  period  or  stage 
of  decrease  of  a  disease. 

Stadium  Frigoris,  Stage,  (cold)  —  s.  Inere- 
menti  Morbi,  S.  Augmenti  morbi  —  s.  Latentis 
Contagii,  Prodromus — s.  Opportunitatis,  Prodro- 
mus — s.  Prodromorum,  Prodromus — s.  Reconva- 
lescentias,  S.  Annihilationis. 

STAFF,  (D.)  Staf.  An  instrument  of  great 
importance  in  lithotomy, — being  the  director  for 
the  gorget  or  knife.  It  is  made  of  steel ;  and  the 
handle  is  flat  and  rough,  in  order  that  it  maj'  be 
more  securely  held.  The  groove  is  on  its  convex 
surface. 

STAFF  TREE,  CLIMBING,  Celastrus  scan- 
dens. 

STAFFA.  Stapes. 

STAG'S  PIZZLE,  see  Cervus. 

STAGE,  Sta'dium,  (F.)  Eslage,  Etage,  Sinde. 
The  period  or  degree  of  a  disease;  especially  the 
period  of  an  intermittent:  —  as  the  cold  stage, — 
sta'dium  fri'goris  —  hot  stage,  &c. 

STAGGERBU'SH,  Andromeda  mariana. 

STAGGERWEED,  Delphinium. 

STA'GIUM.     The  sixth  part  of  an  ounce. 

STAGMA,  from  otu^uj,  'I  distil;'  Stulag'ma. 
Any  distilled  liquid  or  liquor. 

Stagma,  Gutta. 


STAGNATION 


8r,6 


STARCH 


STAGNA'irON,  Stngnn'ti'o,  from  xtngnnre. 
sliii/nahim,  '  to  form  a  ytorn\,'  {nUu/iiiini,  'n  pond.') 
Accumulation  and  retardation  of  fluids  in  any 
p:\rt,  of  the  body. 

STAftXUM  CIIYLT,  Receptaculum  chyli. 
STAIILIAN.     One  who  follows    the  doctrine 
of  Sfnhl. 

STAIIL'IANISM.  The  doctrine  of  Stahl. 
wliieh  considered  every  vital  action  under  the 
direction  and  presidency  of  the  soul.  See  Ani- 
mist. 

STALAUMA,  Stafrma. 

STALAGMI'TIS  CAMBOGIOI'DES,  S.  Cam- 
h'l'gia,  from  oruAuy^of,  'a  drop'  —  the  gum  ex- 
uding by  drops.  Gamboge  was  long  ascribed  to 
this  funded  Ceylonese  plant.  It  is  now  known, 
tliat  the  name  was  given  by  Murray  to  specimens 
of  two  distinct  trees  of  different  genera.  See 
Catnbofjia. 

STALAGMOS,  Distillation. 

STALK,  Urine. 

STALTTCUS,  Tncarnans. 

STAMMERING,  Balbuties— s.  of  the  Fingers, 
Cramp,  writers'. 

STAMP,  Cachet — s.  Medicine,  Cachet — s.  Ocu- 
list. Carhef. 

STAMPING  MILL,  see  Pulverization. 

STANG.  see  Throbbing. 

STANGOS,  Tin. 

STANNI  MURIAS,  Tin,  muriate  of— s.  O.xy- 
duli  murias.  Tin,  muriate  of — s.  Pulvis,  see  Tin. 

STANNIOLUM,  Tinfoil. 

STANNUM.  Tin  — s.  Cinereiim,  Bismuth- s. 
Fnliatum,  Tinfoil — s.  Glaciale,  Bismuth — s.  Gra- 
nulatum.  see  Tin  —  s.  Indicum,  Zincum. 

ST  APE  DIE  N.  Stapedius. 

STAPE'DIUS,  StiippR,  (F.)  Slopedie»,  Pyrn- 
r)iulnl-xt(ipfilipn.  A  muscle  of  the  middle  ear, 
vbich  draws  the  stapes  obliquely  upwards. 

STAPES,  genitive  Stn'pedis,  (uto  and  pen,) 
Stripha,  Staffa,  'a  stirrup.'  (F.)  Etrier.  The 
innermost  of  the  small  bones  of  the  ear,  so  called 
because  it  resembles  a  stirntp.  It  is  situate  hori- 
zontally in  the  cavity  of  the  tympanum.  Its 
bead,  which  is  directed  outwards,  is  articulated 
with  the  OS  orbiculare.  Its  base  faces  inwards, 
and  is  applied  to  the  fenestra  ovalis,  which  it 
closes  imperfectly,  and  to  the  membrane  of  which 
it  is  united.  Its  braiiches  are  one  anterior,  and 
the  other  posterior.  They  are  curved;  and  the 
space  between  them  is  parabolic.  Surgeons  have 
given  the  name  Stapes  to  a  bandage  used  in 
lileeding  from  the  foot;  which  forms  a  figure  of  8 
around  the  ankles. 

STAPIIA,  Stapes. 

STAPHTS,  Delphinium  staphisagria. 

STAPIIISAORIA.  Delphinium  staphisagria. 

STAPHfSArORE,  Delphinium  staphisagria. 

STAPHYL^MATO'MA,  from  ara^vU,  'the 
iivnla,'  and  ha>iiitttnma.  A  tumour  formed  by  ef- 
fusion of  blood  beneath  the  mucous  membrane 
of  the  uvula. 

STAPIIYLAGRA,  Staphylepartes. 

STAPIIYLE.  Uvula,  see  Vitis  vinifera. 

STAPHYLEPAR'TES,  from  <rra<ji.X^,  'the 
uvula.'  and  CTTiiipw,  '  I  lift  up.'  Staph' y la (/ra.  An 
instrument  for  laying  hold  of,  and  removing  the 
uvula.  —  Pauliis. 

STAPHYLINI,  see  Azygos  muscle — s.  Medii, 
see  Azvffos  muscle. 

STAPHYLINO-PHARYNGEUS,  Palato-pha- 
rvnoreus. 
"  STAPHYLTNUS  EXTERNUS,  Circumflexus. 

STAPIIYLIS,  Nipple. 

STAPHYLITIS,  Uvulitis. 

■STAPIIYLTUM,  Nipple. 

STAPHYLODIALYSIS,  Cionis,  Staphyloe- 
dema. 


STAPHYLCEDE'MA,  from  aTa^v\r,,  <  the  uvula' 
and  vcileina.  Aiu/i'iiii  urula'ris,  Dtispha'ijia  urn- 
lo'sa,  llijitnsliiph'yte,  Hi/pnslaphi/li'lia,  Slajihylo- 
dial'i/sls,  Prolapsus  seu  Propto'sis  sen  Casus  scvi 
(Edema  u'vulce,  Uimas,  I/inanilti'iua,  IliiiHiulo'sis, 
Staphjilon'cns,  Staplii/loii'cid,  Produt'lio  uvula:  d 
pitui'td,  U'l'uhi  decid'ua  seu  rvlaxa'ta,  I'ras'- 
pedou.  Relaxation  and  tumefaction  of  the  uvula, 
which,  either  from  inflammation  or  infiltration, 
hangs  down  so  as  to  occasion  difficult  deglu- 
tition, cough,  &o.  Scarification,  astringent  gar- 
gles, and,  if  necessary,  excision,  constitute  the 
treatment. 

STAPIIYLO'MA,  from  aTu(jiv\rt,  'a  grape.' 
Ui^a'tio,  J/yoceph'(doH,  My'iocvpli'alum,  Pamji'sia 
Stajyiiyltt'nia,  Staphylo'sis,  J'olygro'jiia.  A  name 
given  to  different  tumours  of  the  anterior  surface 
of  the  globe  of  the  eye. 

Staphyloma  Conicum,  Staphyloma  of  the  cor- 
nea—  s.  Pellucidum  conicum.  Staphyloma  of  the 
cornea. 

Staphvloma  of  the  Cornea,  Sugar-loaf  Cor- 
nea or  Con'ical  Cornea,  Cou'icalhydrophthal'mia, 
Staphylo'ma  con'icnm  seu  pellu'cidum  con'icum, 
Conophthal'mia,  Prolnp'su^  cor'nea:,  Ceratou'ciis, 
Hypercerato'sis,  Hypcrcer'asis,  is  an  unequal, 
embossed,  bluish  or  whitish,  round  or  conical 
tumour;  of  variable  size;  formed  by  the  projection 
of  the  transparent  cornea,  which  is  sometimes 
extenuated  and  distended,  at  others  thickened. 

Staphyloma  of  the  Ikis  is  the  disease  de- 
scribed by  Scarpa  under  the  name  l^rocidentia 
Iridis.  It  is  hernia  of  the  iris,  through  an  acci- 
dental opening  of  the  cornea.     Also,  iridnuxesis. 

Staphyloma  of  the  Sclep.ot'ic,  Stajihylotna 
sclerot'icce,  differs  from  the  last,  in  the  prominence 
existing  on  a  part  of  the  eye  covered  by  the  scle- 
rotic, which  is  much  thinner. 

Staphyloma  Uve^i;,  Iridauxcsis. 

STAPIIYLONCIA,  Staphyloedema. 

STAPH YLONCUS,  Staphyla-dema. 

STAPH YLOPLAS '  TIC,  Staphyloplas '  licus, 
from  cTa^vXr),  '  the  uvula,'  and  nXaaau),  '  1  form.' 
An  epithet  applied  to  the  operation  for  rej)lacing 
the  soft  palate,  when  it  has  been  lost.  Slaph'yio- 
plasty,  Paratojjlasty,  a  word  of  hybrid  formation, 
is  the  operation  for  closing  the  palatine  vault. 

STAPHYLOR'RAPIIY,  Velosyuth'esis,  Sta- 
jthylorrha'phia,  Kiouorrha'phia,  Uionorrhaph'ia, 
Uranor' rhaphe,  Uranorrha'pliia,  Uraniscorrha'- 
phia,  Uraniscor'rhaphe,  from  araipii'St],  '  the  uvu- 
la,' and  pa(pri,  'a  suture.'  The  ojjeraiion  for  uni- 
ting a  cleft  palate.  It  consists  in  paring  the  edges 
of  the  cleft;  passing  ligatures  through  them,  aud 
bringing  them  together. 

STAPHYLOSIS,  Staphyloma. 

STAPHYLOT'OMY,  Staphyloiom'ia,  from  ara- 
01  X>;,  'the  uvula,'  and  ro/ji;,  'incision.'  Amputa- 
tion of  the  uvula. 

STAR  APPLE,  BROAD-LEAVED,  Chryso- 
phyllum  cainito — s.  Blazing,  Aletris  fariuosa — s. 
Bloom,  Spigelia  Marilandica  —  s.  Grass,  Aletria 
farinosa,  Ilypoxys  erecta. 

Stau,  Knap-weed,  Centaurea  caleitrapa. 

Stau  op  the  North,  Geum  urbanum. 

Star  Stroke,  Coup-de-suleil — s.  Wort,  Aletris 
farinosa  —  s.  Wort,  golden,  Bubonium  —  s.  Wort, 
water,  Callitriche  vcrna. 

STARBECK  SPA.  A  chalybeate  spring  at 
Harrogate. 

STARCH,  Sax.  )"capc,  'rigid,  stiff,'  Amylum. 

Starch,  Animal,  Corpora  amylacea  —  s.  Blue, 
Smalt — s.  Canna,  Tous-les-mois. 

Starch  Corpuscles,  Corpora  amylacea. 

Starch,  Iodide  of,  lod'idum  seu  lodure'tum 
Am'yii,  Am'ylum  ioda'lum,  (F.)  lodure  d'Amidon  ; 
prepared  by  triturating  iodine  and  starch,  is  said 
to  have  the  eutrophic  eflfccts  of  iodine;  but,  by 
some,  is  esteemed  inert.     Dose,  four  to  six  grains. 


STARKEY'S    PILLS 


867 


STEGNOTICA 


Stauch,  Potato,  gee  Solanum  tuberosum. 

Rtauch  Sugar,  Glucose. 

Starch,  Tacca,  Arrowroot,  Tahiti. 

STARKEY'S  PILLS,  see  Pilulae  ex  helleboro 
et  inyrrhS. 

S'i'ASE,  Stasis. 

STASIS,  CTaais,  from  arau),  '1  stop,'  (F.)  Stase. 
Thi.f  word  has  ncnrly  the  same  signification  as 
stiignation.  Stagnation,  however,  sometimes  in- 
cluiies  a  morbid  condition  of  the  fluids, —  Stasis 
never. 

Stasis,  Station. 

STATE  MEDICINE,  Medicine,  state. 

STATIC.  Statical,  Staticua,  (F.)  Statique. 
Same  etymon.  An  epithet  api)lied  to  the  physi- 
cal phenomena  presented  by  organized  bodies  in 
contradistinction  to  the  organic  or  vital. 

STAT'ICA  SEPTI  NA'RIUM,  Appen'dix  cu- 
Id'iieii  uppti  nn'riiini.  The  cutaneous  appendage 
to  the  septum  narium. 

STATICA_L,  Static. 

STAT'ICE  CAROLINIA'NA,  of  the  United 
Stntes,  (arariKog,  '  restraining,')  Amer'icaii  or  Sea- 
al'ln  Thrift,  Marsh  RoHc'mary,  Jlarxh  Root,  Iiik- 
r<i'>t,  Sea  Lavender,  Ord.  Plumbaginaceie,  is  con- 
sidered to  be  a  mere  variety  of  the  Statiee  limo- 
nium.     The  root  is  the  Statiee  —  (Ph.  U.  S.). 

Stat'icIo  LiMo'NUUf,  S.  Mfitrit'imuiii,  Belien  ru- 
hniiii,  Limo'iiiitni,  L.  tiiajna  seu  viil</a're,  Beheii, 
Jli'hinen  Ackmar,  Sea  Lav'eiidcr,  Red  Beheii,jlfarsh 
RoHemanj,  Lavender  Thrift,  (F.)  Behen  rouge, 
Ramarin  den  marais,  Lavande  triate  ou  de  mer. 
The  roots  have  been  esteemed  astringent,  tonic, 
and  eminently  antiseptic. 

Statick"Maritimum,  S.  limonium — s.  Vulgare, 
S.  limonium. 

STA'TION,  Stn'tin,  Stasis,  Status,  from  stare, 
stalHiii,  'to  stand.'     The  act  of  standing. 

STA'TIONARY,  Stationa'rius,  {¥.)  Stntion- 
vaire.  Same  etymon.  A  name  given  by  Syden- 
hiiui  and  Stoll  to  certain  diseases,  which  depend 
upon  a  particular  state  of  the  atmosphere;  and 
which  prevail  in  a  district  for  a  certain  number 
of  years,  and  then  give  w.iy  to  others. 

STATIS'TICS,  MEDICAL,  Vital  Statistics, 
Biostnt'ics,  (Status,  'astute,')  (F.)  Stalistiqiie  me- 
dlcnle.  That  part  of  medicine  which  relates  to 
diHails  —  medico-statistical  —  connected  with  the 
mortality,  salubrity,  &c.,  of  different  countries 
and  situations. 

It  has,  also,  been  used  in  a  wider  sense  to  sig- 
nify the  same  as  Numerical  method,  (F.)  Jfethode 
tiiimirique  ;  which  is  applied  to  the  systemization 
of  medical  facts,  or  to  the  use  of  numb-ers  in  the 
investigation  of  disease. 

Statistics,  Vital.  Statistics,  medical. 

STATURE,  Statn'ra,  ifeg'ethos,  Magnitti'do 
cor'poris,  from  sto,  statuin,  'to  stand.'  The  height 
of  the  human  figure.  The  following  table  exhibits 
the  results  of  several  admeasurements,  with  the 
hoi.:hts  of  some  of  the  monkey  species,  on  the 
authority  of  Mr.  Lawrence. 

.staturr. 
Feet.      In. 

All  Englishman -i  to 

(5  00 

f5  4 

An  Englishwoman <  to 

^                                                       (5  GO 

European  male  skeleton 5  8 

Do.                      5  5 

A  Negro  at  the  Lunatic  Hospital,  Liver-  |  g  ^^^ 

pool    J 

Another  from  Virginia 5         5i 

Another  from  the  Gold  Coast r>       8 

Another   ^     0° 


stature. 

Feet.     In. 

Negro  skeleton 4  i] 

Another 5         71 

A  Lascar 5         4 

Venus  de  Medici 5  00 

Tyson's  Chimpans6(.SVw;a  7'/-oy/o(/y(e«)  2         2 

Mr.  Abel's  Orang  Otang 2         7 

Camper's  Do less  than  30 

Mr.  White's  Monkey 2         2 

STATUS,  Acme  —  s.  Cruditatis,  Crudity  —  s. 
Erethiticus,  Nervous  diathesis — s.  Gastricus,  En)- 
burras  gastrique — s.  Nervosus,  Nervous  diathesis 
— s.  Parturiendi,  Parturition— s.  Sthenicus,  Sthe- 
nia — s.  Verminosus,  Helminthiasis. 

STAVESACRE,  Delphinium  staphisagria. 

STAXIS,  (Tr«|if,  Apoatax'is.  A  slight  epistaxis 
or  nasal  hemorrhage.  —  Hippocrates. 

STEAM-DOCTOR.  A  term  applied  to  one 
who  treats  all  or  most  diseases  by  steam. 

STEAR,  see  Fat,  Sevum. 

STEAEATi:,  Emplastrum. 

STEARIN,  see  Fat. 

STEARIN UM  CETACEUM,  Cetaceum. 

STEAROLE,  Pomatum  — ».  SoUde,  Emplas- 
trum. , 

STEAROSIS.  Steatosis. 

S  T  E  A  R  R  II  (E  '  A,  Steatorrhce'a,  Seborrhce'a, 
Sehorrhaij"  ia,  Sinegiiiatorrhoe'a,  Smegiiiorrhce'a, 
Fliixns  scba'ceiis,  Seba'ceous  Flux,  from  arcap, 
'  suet,'  and  pto),  '  I  flow.'  Augmentation  of  secre- 
tion from  the  sebaceous  follicles  of  the  skin. 

Stkaiueikea  Ni'giucans.  a  term  used  by  Dr. 
Neligan,  of  Dublin,  for  a  black  discoloration  of 
the  face,  observed  in  young  females  affected  with 
derangement  of  the  catamenia,  and  which,  in  his 
opinion,  is  owing  to  a  dark  secretion  from  the  cu- 
taneous sebaceous  glands. 

STEATITES,  Polysarcia. 

STEATOCE'LE,  from  arcap,  areaToi,  'suet,'  and 
KrjXri,  'a  tumour.'  A  tumour  formed  by  a  collec- 
tion of  steatomatous  matter  in  the  scrotum. 

STEATO'MA,  Tumor  lar'deus,  from  ariap, 
aTiaros,  'suet.'  Sera'tio,  Emphy'ma  eiictjs'tis 
steatoma.  An  encysted  tumour,  whose  contents 
are  similar  to  fat. 

STEATOP'YGA,  from  artap,  arearoi,  'fat,'  and 
TTuyj;,  '  buttocks.'  Buttock-hump.  E'lt  buttocks; 
such  as  exist  in  the  Hottentot  female. 

STEATORRIKEA,  Stcarrhoea. 

STEATO'SIS,  Stcaro'sis.  Fatty  degeneration 
of  a  part,  or  unusual  deposition  and  accumulation 
of  fat  in  its  adipose  tissue. 

Steato'sis  CoiiniS,  Degeuera't to  ad ipo'sa  cordis, 
Cardiethmolipo'sis  and  Oardiomyolipo'sis  (Pior- 
ry).  Fatty  heart.  Unusual  deposition  of  fat  on 
the  heart: — by  some  presumed  to  be  occasionally 
a  true  adipous  degeneration  of  the  substance  of 
the  heart. 

Steatosis  Hepatica,  Adiposis  hepatica. 

STEATOZOON  FOLLICULORUM,  Acarus 
FoUiculorum. 

STEEL,  Chalvbs. 

Sl'EEP.  Rennet. 

STEEPLE-BUSH,  Spirwa  tomentosa. 

STEER'S  OPODELDOCH,  see  Opodeldoch, 
Steer's. 

STEGMONTH,  see  Parturient. 

STEGANOP'ODES,  eTtyavoTio&a,  Plaulp'edes. 
They  who  have  flat  feet,  or  are  web-footed,  from 
dTiynvo^,  '  covered,'  and  tovs,  '  foot.' 

STEGNO'SIS.  Steuo'sis,  Coustipa'tio.  Stipa'tio, 
Coudeiisa'tio,  Olistruc'tio,  from  ffrtyvum,  'I  con- 
strict.' Constriction  or  narrowness  of  the  pores 
and  vessels.  Stricture.  Constipation.  Suppression 
of  the  evacuations.     See  Arctatio. 

STEGNOTICA,  Astringents. 


STEIROSIS 


8  G  8        STERNO-CLEIDO-MASTOIDEUS 


STETROSTS,  Sterilitas. 
STKLENGIS,  Stridor  dentium.  , 
STELLA,  F'lit'cia  ste/la'ta,  (F.)  EtoUe.  A  ban- 
dage, improperly  compared  to  a  star,  because  it 
is  crossed  like  the  letter  X.  This  bandage  is  ap- 
plied upon  one  or  both  shoulders.  In  the  first 
case,  it  is  called  simple ;  in  the  second,  double. 
It  was  employed  in  fractures  of  the  sternum, 
clavicle,  and  scapula;  in  luxations  of  the  hume- 
rus. <tc. 

Stki,i,a  TerRjE,  Plantago  eoronopus. 
STELLARIA  MEDIA,  Alsine  media— s.  Scil- 
la.  SciUa. 

STELLATA  RUPINA,  Centaurea  c.alcitrapa. 
STELL'UL^  VERIIEYEN'II,  {Stella,  'a  star,' 
stel'liilii,  '  a  little  star,')   Siihutan'tia  stcl'lata  ner- 
peiiti'iKi  seu  radin'tn,   Ellt/ch'iiio.     A    stelliform 
plexus  of  veins  at  the  surface  of  the  kidney,  which 
give?  oriscin  to  the  interlobular  veins. 
STELOrillTIS,  Osteocolla. 
STEN'A(}MUS,  Suspirium. 
STHNAXIS,  Suspiritim. 
STKXIA,  Sthenia. 
STENICUS,  Active. 
STENOBREGMATE,  see  Cranium. 
STENOCARDIA,  Angina  pectoris,  Cardioste- 
rosis. 

STENOCnO'RIA,  StenncTiori'aois,  from  CTCvoi, 
'narrow,'  and  x*^?"'  'space.'  Angustia.  Em- 
])loyed  by  some  for  contraction  of  the  vagina. 

Stkn'ochohia  Intkstini  Rkcti,  Stricture  of  the 
rectum  —  s.  (E--nphngi,  Dysphagia  constricta. 

STEXOMYCTE'RIA,  from  cTcioi,  'narrow,' 
and  ixvKTrip,  'nose.'  Contraction  of  the  nasal 
passages. 

STEXOSIS,  Stcgnosis. 
STENOSTEGNOSIS,  Stenostenosis. 
STENOSTENO'SIS,  Sfcnosteyno'sh,  from  Ste- 
7>o,  and   (Tr£va)ffif,  '  contraction.'      OliKtrue'tio  diic- 
tfls   Stcnouiii' ni.     Narrowness  or  contraction   of 
the  diu-t  of  Stcno. 

STENOSTOM'IA,  from  cTt.voi.  'narrow,'  and 
cToua.  '  inouth.'     Contraction  of  the  mouth. 

STEXOTIIORA'CES,  from  crcvoi,  'narrow,' 
and  ^woiif,  &ii)paKos,  'the  chest.'  They  who  have 
narrow  chests. 

STENTOROPHO'NUS,  from  ^tcvto>p,  Slenlor, 
a  Greek  of  powerful  voice  in  the  army  before 
Troy  ;  and  ^ui/17,  '  voice.'  One  who  has  a  strong 
voice. 

STEl'IIANE,  Crown. 

STEPHENS,    MRS.,   REMEDY   FOR    THE 
STONE.     This   consisted  of  lime,   prepared    by 
calcining  the  shells  of  eggs  and  snails,  made  into 
pills  with  soap.     A  decoction  was,  also,  adminis- 
tered, consisting  of  chamomile,  fennel,  parsley, 
and  burdock,  with  a  portion  of  Alicant  soap.     Its 
virtues  were  dependent  upon   the  lime  and  the 
tonic  properties  of  the  decoction.  Hales,  Hartley, 
Kirkpatrick,  Lobb,  and  others,  wrote  in  favour 
of  this  nostrum  ;  and  it  was  ultimatclj'  bought  by 
the  P)i-itish  parliament  for  £5000— about  $25,000. 
STEPHENSIA  ELON(}ATA,  Matico. 
STEPMOTHER'S  BLESSING,  HangnaiL 
STERA,  Uterus. 

STERCORA'CEOUS.  Stercora'ntta,  Diaclo- 
ret'icuK.  Ster'cnral,  from  stercns,  stercon's,  'dung.' 
Feenl,  Facal,  (F.)   Stereornire,  Stercoral. 

The  French  use  the  term  Fixtulea  stercoraires 
for  thn«o  which  are  kept  up  by  the  constant  pas- 
sage of  fecal  ox  stercorii'ceons  matter.  The  name 
Stercoraires  is  sometimes  given,  in  derision,  to 
those  physicians  who  are  fond  of  purging  their 
patients  :  d  posien'ori  has  been  similarly  used. 
STERnORAriiE,  Stercor.nceous. 
STERCUS,  Excrement,  Fimus  —  s.  Anseris, 
Fimus  anseris  —  s.  Caninum  album.  Album  Grre- 
••uin— s.  Diaboli,  Asafoetida — s.  Equi  non  castrati, 
Fimus. 


Steucus  Huma'num,  Ilonicrda.  Human  c.t- 
crement. 

Stkrcus  JjACEriT^,  Crocodilia. 
STEREOCYST'I.S,  from  arcpioi,    'hard,'   and 
KvoTii,  'cyst.'     A  hard  encysted  tumour. 
STEREOS,  Solid. 

STE'REOSCOPE,  Sterenscop'inm,  from  ortptof, 
'solid,'  and  a/coirtu),  'I  view.'  A  physical  insini. 
ment  by  means  of  which  plane  pictures  of  an  oh. 
ject  arc  made  on  each  retina,  and  so  blended  113 
to  appear  as  one  in  relief.  Also,  an  instrument  fur 
detecting  a  calculus  in  the  bladder,  and  foreign 
bodies  in  the  soft  parts.  It  resembles  a  eonimun 
catheter,  having  an  expanded  free  extremity. 

STEREOT'ICA,  from  (rr^ws,  '  hard.'  Fortui- 
tous lesions  or  deformitios  affecting  the  hiud 
parts.     The  2d  order,  class  Ti/cJiica  of  Good. 

STER'ILE,  Sler'ilii,  A'gonos,  Aph'oriis,  Aph- 
or'iciis,     Abhmt'ea,      Iiifecun'dnn,      Barren,     (F.) 
Sie-ile.     Same    etymon  as  Sterilitas.     Not  pro- 
ducing fruit;  infecund. 
STERILIS,  Sterile. 

STERIL'ITAS,  A,jon'ia,  Steiro'fii,  Sitro'Hh, 
Ayemie'sia,  Af/eniie'nis,  Iiifeciin'ditait,  SterU'ily, 
Acye'sin,  Jiar'  renvenn,  Iii/eciiii'diti/,  Aplm'riti, 
Atec'nia,  Aloc'itt,  from  crtf/pos,  or  artpioi,  '  liiird, 
barren.'  Quality  of  that  which  is  barren.  Ste- 
rility may  be  absolute  or  relative.  The  forn^er 
depends  upon  some  vicious  conformation  of  the 
genital  organs,  apparent  or  concealed,  and  occa- 
sionally admits  of  cure.  Sterility  is  relative \xhQ\\ 
a  female  does  not  conceive  with  one  individual, 
but  does  with  another.  Sterility  in  females  is 
often  dependent  upon  a  condition  of  the  uterus 
characterized  by  membranous  menstruation. 
STERNAD,  see  Sternal. 

STERNAL,  Steriia'lis,  from  sternum,  'the 
breast  bone.'  Relating  or  appertaining  to  the 
sternum  or  breast  bone. 

Stkunal  Aspkct.  The  aspect  of  the  body 
where  the  sternum  is  situate. — Barclay.  Slcniud 
is  used  by  the  same  writer  adverbially  to  signify 
towards  the  sternal  aspect. 

STERNALGIA,  Angina  pectoris. 
STERNO,    in    composition,  belonging,  or   re- 
lating to,  the  sternum  or  breast  bone. 

STERNO-CLAVIC'ULAR,  Steruo-clavieuh,'. 
ris.  That  which  relates  to  the  sternum  and  clavicle. 
STEitNo-CLAVic'uLAii  A  utrmla'tion  is  the 
union  of  the  inner  extremity  of  the  clavicle  with 
a  round  facette  at  each  side  of  the  superior  ex- 
tremity of  the  sternum.  In  this  articulation 
there  are,  besides  the  incrusting  cartihiges,  two 
radiated  slenio-claviciilar,  (F.)  Stenio-elaviiu- 
laires  rayoiniees  ;  owe  anterior,  and  one  posterior 
— an  inter-clrtvicnlar  ligament  extending  between 
the  two  clavicles,  and  two  synovial  capsules,  se- 
parated by  an  inter-nrticnlar  Jihro-cartilat/e.  The 
costo-clavicul;ir  lignment  may  also  be  considered 
to  belong  to  this  articulation. 

STKRNO-CLA  VIO-MASTO'lDIFX,  Sterno- 
cleido-mastoideus  —  s.  Cleido-hyoidcus,  Sterno- 
hyoideus. 

STERNO-CLEIDO  BRACHIALIS,  Pectoralis 
major. 

STERNO-CLEIDO-MASTOIDEUS,  Stemo- 
mastoideus,  Clcido-miistotdeiis,  Masto'idens,  M. 
anterior,  Nula'tor  cap'itis;  (F.)  Stenio-clavio- 
maato'idien,  Stcrno-mastoidien  ;  from  arcjivov,  '  the 
sternum,'  k\us,  'the  clavicle,'  and  fiuarus,  'the 
mastoid  process.'  A  muscle  situate  at  the  ante- 
rior and  lateral  part  of  the  neck.  It  is  long  and 
flattened:  simple,  above;  and  divided  into  two 
portions  below;  where  it  is  inserted  into  the 
anterior  and  superior  part  of  the  sternum,  and 
the  inner  quarter  of  the  clavicle.  Above,  it  ti'r- 
minates  at  the  mastoid  process,  which  it  cmbraics, 
at  the  neighbouring  part  of  the  temporal  lionc, 
I  and  at  the  outer  third  of  the  upper  curved  liue 


STERXO- COSTAL 


860 


STIIENOrYPvA 


of  the  occipital  bone.  It  carries  the  head 
forward ;  inclines,  and  rotates  it  to  one  side. 
Wlien  ViDth  contract,  they  bend  the  head  directly 
forward.-i. 

STEllNO-CO^TAL.  Triangularis  sterni  — ». 
C'iKto-cliioui-humf.rtd,  Pectoralis  major — «.  Hii- 
mirid,  Pectoralis  major. 

STEllNO-IIYOiDEUS,  Sten,o.cIe!do-h,/»nle- 
t«i,  ,Steni()-lii/<)'iden,  ffi/t/ides  pn'iiina  ;  from  artpvov, 
'the  .oternuni,'  and  'uauirn,  'the  os  hyoides.'  A 
muscle  sitiinte  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  neck; 
inserted,  above,  at  the  inferior  edge  of  the  body 
of  the  hyoid  bone;  below,  into  the  upper  part 
of  the  posterior  surface  of  the  sternum  ;  —  at  the 
po.^terior  part  of  tlie  sterno-clavicular  articula- 
tion, and  sometimes  into  the  cartilage  of  the  first 
rib.     It  depresses  the  os  hyoides. 

S  T Ell  NO- M  ASTO  iUIEN,  Sterno-cleido- 
mastoidcus — «.  Pnbien,  Rectus  abdominis. 

STKRNO-TIIYROIDKUS,  Slemo-thyroideo, 
liiiiii'ihliin.  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  anterior 
pjirt  of  the  neck.  It  is  attached,  above,  to  the 
oblique  line  seen  on  the  outer  surface  of  the  thy- 
roid cartilage:  and  terminates,  below,  at  the 
upper  part  of  the  posterior  surface  of  the  sternum, 
sind  the  cartilage  of  the  second  rib.  When  it 
contracts,  it  depresses  the  thyroid  cartilage  and 
os  hyoides  by  the  medium  of  the  thyro-hyoid 
membrane. 

STERNODYNIA,  sec  Storaatodynia  — s.  Kyn- 
copalis,  Angina  pectoris  —  s.  Syncoptica  et  Pal- 
pitans,  Angina  pectoris. 

STERNO-OMPHALODYMIA,  see  Somato- 
dymia. 

STRRNOPA'GIA,  from  arepvov,  'the  bre.ast 
bone,'  and  zayia,  '  I  fasten.'  A  monstrous  union 
of  foetuses,  in  which  they  are  attached  at  the 
sternum. 

STERNUM,  Slenion,  from  areppo;,  'solid;' 
PectiiH,  Os  asuer  seu  pec'ton's  seu  sripho'idea  seu 
(jhidi'iili  seu  ensifur'me.  Scutum  cordis  seu  piec'- 
toriH,  Brenut  Botie,  Ho'.nial  Spine  of  Owen.  An 
a/ygous  symmetrical  bone,  situate  at  the  fore- 
part of  the  chest.  It  is  flat;  broad  above;  nar- 
rower in  the  middle;  and  terminates,  below,  by 
a  pointed  cartilage  —  the  xiphoid.  It  has  an 
Kiiterior  or  cutdne.oun  sitrface,  a  poxferior  or  me- 
diitKtiixd — a  aitpfrior  or  c/oricidar  extremity,  and 
nn  inferior  or  nbdomiiial.  It  is  articulated  with 
the  clavicles  and  the  seven  upper  ribs  on  each 
side,  by  means  of  their  cartilages.  According  to 
lidclard,  it  is  formed  of  six  principal  bones,  which 
he  names,  from  their  pnsition,  1.  Primi-aternal  or 
cliivi-KteriKil:  2.  Diio-atental :  .S.  Tri-nternnl :  4. 
Qiiarti -sternal :  5.  Qniiiti -  sternal :  6.  Ultimi- 
sternal  or  ensi-sternid. 

STKKXUMEXTUM,  Sneezing. 

RTERNUTAiMEXTORIA.  Achillea  ptarmica. 

STERNUTAMENTUM,  Sneezing. 

STERXUTATIO,  Sneezing. 

STEliNUTA  rOlUE.  Sternutatory. 

STER'NUTATORY.  Stemutato'rins,  from  sler- 
tnitnre,  sternntntnm,  'to  sneeze.'  Sternutnmen'tum, 
Errhi'num,  Ptiir'micnm.  Anarrhi'nnm,  (F.)  Sler- 
iiittnloire.  A  sul)stance  which  provokes  sneezing; 
ns  tobacco.  Ac.  —  See  Errhine. 

STERTEUR,  Stertor. 

STERTOR,  Ronchis  or  Rhonehns,  Renehus, 
Rliencns,  (F.)  Sterteur,  Ron/lenient,  from  stertere, 
'to  snore.'  The  deep  snoring  which  accompanies 
inspiration  in  some  diseases,  particularly  in  apo- 
J'lcxy.  Such  respiration  is  said  to  be  ster'torons, 
(F.)  Stertoreux ;  Respira'tio  stertuo'sa  seu  ater- 
trns  seu  stertoro'sn, 

STERTOROITS,  see  Stertor. 

STETII.'F/MIA,  Iliiperff'mid  Pnlmo'num  seu 
Pec'toris,  Con<jex'tlo  Pulmonum  seu  Pectoris,  (F.) 
Huperimie    ou    Congestion    dca    Poumons ;    from 


orrjSof,  'the  chest,'  and  'aifia,  'blood.'  Hyperac- 
mia  of  the  lungs.  Congestion  or  accumulation 
of  l)lood  in  the  pulmonary  vessels. 

STETIIOCATII ARSIS,  Expectoration. 

STETIIOCHYSIS,  Ilydrothorax. 

STETIIODESjMIS,  Corset. 

STETIIODESMIUM,  Corset. 

STETllODESMUS,  Corset. 

STETHOM'ETER,  from  arr,eoi,  'the  chest,' 
and  jiirpov,  'measure.'  An  instrument,  proposed 
by  Dr.  llichard  Quain,  for  measuring  the  extent 
of  movement  of  the  walls  of  the  chest,  as  a  means 
of  diagnosis  in  thoracic  diseases.  It  consists  of 
a  flat  case,  not  unlike  a  watch-case,  having  on  its 
upper  surface  a  graduated  dial  and  index,  which 
is  acted  on  by  a  simple  mechanism.  A  silk  cord, 
long  enough  to  surround  one-half  the  chest, 
passes  through  an  aperture  in  the  case.  The  dial 
is  graduated  into  fifty  equal  parts,  each  of  which 
represents  the  l-200th  of  an  inch.  In  using  the 
instrument,  the  dial  is  placed  firmly  against  the 
spine,  and  the  point  of  the  tape  over  the  sternum, 
or  at  any  other  spot  according  to  the  part  to  be 
examined.  The  extension  of  the  string,  as  indi- 
cated by  the  dial,  shows  the  amount  of  elasticity 
of  the  parietes  of  the  thorax. 

Under  the  name  Tlioravom'eter,  Dr.  Sibson  has 
described  an  instrument  of  his  invention,  which 
is  employed  with  a  similar  view  as  the  stethometer 
of  Dr.  Quain. —  Med.  Chir.  Transact.,  vol.  xxxi. 

STETIIOPARAL'YSIS,  Paral'ysia  nerro'rnm 
tliorii'cia,  phrcnicornm,  &c. ;  from  arrjdof,  'the 
chest,'  and  nnpaXvca,  '  paralj-sis.'  Palsy  of  the 
muscles  of  the  chest. 

STETIIORRIIEUMA,  Pleurodynia. 

STETirOSCOPE,  Stetlioscop'ium,  Stethoa'eo- 
pum,  Echoscop'ium,  PnopJi<Jtn'eter,  Tliornenscop'- 
inm,  from  arridug,  'the  chest,'  and  aKorriui.  "I  exa- 
mine.' An  instrument  invented  by  Laennec,  of 
Paris,  for  exploring  the  chest.  The  stethoscope, 
sometimes  called  Peetoriloque,  is  a  cylinder  of 
wood,  from  four  inches  to  a  foot  hmg;  pierced 
through  and  through  by  a  longitudinal  canal 
about  a  quarter  of  an  inch  in  diameter.  The 
longer  are  generally  composed  of  two  portions, 
that  fit  together  hy  means  of  a  screw,  one  of 
which  is  hollowed  at  the  extremity,  in  the  shape 
of  a  funnel.  These  two  portions  being  screwed 
to  each  other,  the  physician  lays  hold  of  the  in- 
strument, ns  he  would  of  a  pen,  puts  the  funnel- 
shaped  extremity  on  the  chest  of  the  patient,  and 
applies  his  ear  to  the  other.  To  explore  the  pul- 
sations of  the  heart,  the  funnel  is  plugged  up  by 
a  piece  of  the  same  kind  of  wood  accurately 
adapted  to  it,  and  pierced  by  a  canal  of  the  same 
width  as  that  in  the  body  of  the  instrument. 
Stethoscopes  are  sometimes  flexible,  like  the 
flexible  ear-trumpet. 

This  mode  of  examining  aff"ections  of  the  chest, 
Steth'oscnpy,  Sle.lhoscop'in,  &c.,  is  what  Laennec 
terms  Anscidtnlion  viedinte,  Ifedinte  Ansotltation. 

STETHOSCOPIA,  see  Auscultation,  and  Ste- 
thoscope. 

STETIIOSCOP'IC,  Siethoscop'icus,  (F.)  St(tho. 
seopique.  Same  etymon  as  Stethoscope.  Fur- 
nished by  stethoscopy  or  auscultation,  —  as  a 
'  efelhosropic  sign.' 

STETHOSCOPY,  see  Stethoscope. 

STETIIUS,  Thorax. 

STEW.  Stove. 

STHENI'.A.,  Steni'a,  DintJi'esis  stheu'icn,  Sin- 
tiis  sthen'iciis.  Vis  nurta,  from  a&cvos,  'strength,' 
'power.'  Excess  of  strength  ;  excitement  of  the 
organic  actions.  A  word  used,  especially  by  the 
Brunonians,  as  well  as  Asthenia, — its  antitheton. 
Sthenic  or  dynamic  diseases  are  such  as  depend 
upon  excessive  excitement. 

STHENICUS,  Active. 

STIIENOPYllA,  Synucha. 


STIBI 


870 


STO:\IACII 


STIBT,  Antimoniiira. 

STIP.IALIS.  Anti.noninl. 

STIB'IALISM,  iStibin/is'mu/i,  from  stihiiiw, 
'  aiitiiiKiny.'  The  nggregate  phenomena  produced 
l)y  iintimonials,  ivhen  given  in  large  quantities : — 
antiinoniiil  intoxication  or  poisoning. 

8TIBIATUS  TARTRIS  LIXIVIA,  Antimo- 
ninni  tartarizatum. 

STIBII  BUTYRUM,  Antimoniutn  muriatum 
- — s.  Deuto-murias  subliniatus,  Antimoniuni  inu- 
liatuin — s.  et  Potassae  deuto-tartras,  Antinionium 
tiutarizatuin — s.  Il3'drosulpliuretuni  rubruni,  An- 
timonii  sulptiuretutu  ruhruin- — s.  Oxidum  acido 
niuriatico  oxjgenato  paratuin,  Algarotb — s.  Oxi- 
ilum  album  mediante  nitro  confcctum,  Antirao- 
iiium  diaphoreticnm — s.  Oxidum  prsecipitando 
j>aratum,  Algaroth  —  s.  Oxodes  album,  Antimo- 
iiium  diaphoreticum  —  s.  Oxodes  sulphuretum, 
Antiinonii  sulphuretum  praH'ipitatum  —  s.  Oxydi 
.^^uljjhurati  hydro-sulphurctum  luteum,  Antinionii 
sulphuretum  praecipitatum — s.  Oxydulati  sulphu- 
retum, Antiinonii  sulphuretum  prsecipitatum  —  s. 
Oxydulum  vitreatum,  Antimonii  vitrum — s.  Oxy- 
(lum  semivitreum,  Antimonii  vitrum— s.  Oxyduin 
sulphuratum,  Oxydum  stibii  sulphuratum  —  s. 
Subhydrosulphas,  Antimonii  sulphuretum  rubrum 

—  s.  Submurias  prajcipifando  paratum,  Algaroth 

—  s.  Pulphurati  hydrusul)iliuretum  rubrum,  An- 
timonii sulphuretum  rubrum — s.  Sulphuretum 
nigrum,  Antimonium  —  s.  Vitrum,  Antimonii 
vitrum. 

STIBTO-DERMIC,  see  TTnguentum  antimonii. 

STIBIOSUM  HYDROSULPIHRETUM 
CUM  SULPIIURE,  Antimonii  sulphuretum 
praecipitatum — s.  Oxidum,  Antimonium  diaphore- 
ticum. 

STIBIUM,  Antimonium. 

STICIIAS  ARABICA,  Lavendula  stoechas. 

STICKWORT,  A-rimonv. 

STICTA  PULMONACEA,  Lichen  pulmo- 
narius. 

STIFF  JOINT,  MUSCULAR,  Contractura. 

StiI'-p  Joints.  Milk  sickness. 

STIFFNEfK,  Torticollis. 

STIGMA.  Cieatricula. 

STIGMATA,  see  Nrevus.  The  breathing  pores 
of  insects  are  so  called. 

Stig'mata  Ovario'rum,  Cicatri'ces  Ovnriu'rnm. 
The  cicatrices  left  in  the  ovary  after  the  escape 
of  ova. 

STILBOMA,  Cosmetic. 

STILL,  Alembic. 

STILLA.  Gutta. 

STILLATIO  SANGUINIS  E  NARIBUS, 
Epistaxis. 

STILLBORN,  (F.)  Mort-ne.  Born  still  or 
lifeless,  —  dead  born. 

STILLICID'IUM,  SiiUtiVhim,  from  gtilla,  'a 
drop.'  This  term  is  often  used  synonymously  with 
Sirnnqiiry.  It  means  the  flow  of  any  fluid — par- 
ticularly the  urine  — drop  by  drop.  Also  a  kind 
of  embrocation,  Stillicid'lnnt  xupra  partetti,  effected 
by  dropping  a  liquid  upon  a  part. 

STii-LioiniiiM  Lacrymat!um,  Epiphora  —  s.  Na- 
rium.  Coryza  —  s.  Sanguinis  e  naribus,  Epistaxis 
—  s.  Supra  partem,  see  Stillicidium. 

STILLIN'GIA,  S.  61/hat'icn,  Qiieen'ii  Boot, 
Queen's  delir/ht,  Ynw  roat,  ilar'cnry,  Coclcup  tint. 
An  indigenous  plant,  which  grows  in  pine  bar- 
rens, from  Virginia  to  Florida.  >Sex.  Sy^t.  Mo- 
iioecia  Monadelphia.  J\^<tt.  Orel.  Euphorbiaceae. 
The  root  —  StiUiiif/in,  Ph.  U.  S.  —  is  said  to  be 
used  in  syphilis,  obstinate  cutaneous  affections, 
<fec.,  like  sarsaparilla. 

STIMATO'SrS,  Stymntnxh,  Ha:morr'hag"in 
Prnii.  Stiinintorrhng"in,  Ph<iJlorrl)aij"in,  ConJor- 
rlnii/"i<i,  from  aTvyia,  '  priapism,' itself  from  orvtiv, 
'to  erect.'  Hemurrhago  from  the  male  organ, 
accompanied  or  not  with  priapism. 


STIM^TT,  Antimonium. 

STIM'ULANT,  .Slini'iilaim,  E.r'cilanii,  Iii'ri- 
tann,  liicetitl'cum,  Ii-ri'taim,  Excl'tiuit,  Iiivi'tdiit, 
Hyj>erst/ieu')c,  /'yicloyeiiet' ic,  from  utimiildi-r,  '  lo 
goad.'  A  medicine  which  has  the  power  of  ex- 
citing the  organic  action  of  the  difTercnt  systems 
of  the  economy.  Some  stimulants  are  (Hji'imihlr, 
—  that  is,  have  a  prompt  but  temporary  action; 
others  are  peimaiient  or  pemiKliiit.  The  nctimi 
of  stimulants  is  called  Stimuht'tiim,  S'.imvhi'iin, 
Iucit<i'tin. 

The  chief  stimulants  are  the  following:  .('F.iIiit 
Sulphuricu.<,  Ammonia,  Asafd'tida,  I'.rucia,  Caiii- 
phora.  Capsicum,  Castorcum,  Ciiinan]ouiuin,  Co- 
paiba, Cubeba,  Guaiacum,  Ilydrargyri  Privpn- 
rata,  lodinium,  Nux  Vomica,  Olea  Essentialia, 
Opium  (in  small  dose),  Pii)er.  Sinapis,  Strychnia, 
Zingilier,  —  Alcohol,  Caloric,  Electricity,  Mental 
Emotions,  (the  Impetu(Uis.) 

STIM'ULUS,  'a  goad.'  hicitan>cn'tum,  In-i. 
tn'meii,  [rn'tnmoi'tiiiii,  Poten'tici  Ini'taun.  Any 
thinir  wliich  excites  the  animal  economy. 

STINE,  Ilordcdum. 

STINK  rOKE,Dracontium  fa-tidum— s.  Weed, 
Chenopodiuin  anthelminticum,  Datura  stramo- 
nium, I'olanisia  graveolens. 

STIPATIO,  Stcgno.^is. 

S'liPATio  Tv.hA':  Cui-niLo'SiE  Infant'um.  In- 
duration of  the  cellular  tissue  of  children. 

STIROSIS,  Sterilitas. 

STITCH,  same  root  as  «/iVZ',  Sax.  jrician.  (G.) 
stecken.  (Sc.)  Slonnd,  (Prov.)  J)h<j,  (F.)  P„h,t, 
(L.)  /'iiticluiii  ;  (from  piiiii/rrc,  piitictKni,  'to  prick 
or  sting.')  An  acute  lancinating  pain,  like  that 
produced  by  the  puncture  of  a  sharp  needle. 

Stitch,  Common,  Suture,  common  —  s.  Royal, 
see  Suture  —  s.  in  the  Side,  Pleurodynia. 

STIZGLOBITTM,  Dolichos  pruriens. 

STLEXGIS.  Stridor  dentium. 

STOBiE'A  RUBRICAU'LIS.  A  South  Afri- 
can plant,  A"at.  Oid.  CompositaD.  A  tincture  of 
the  bruised  roots  is  diuretic,  and  of  great  service 
in  gravel. 

STOCKING,  LACED,  (F.)  Pns  lass^.  A  ban- 
dage used  by  surgeons,  which  consists  of  a  stock- 
ing made  of  firm  cloth  or  dog-skin,  admitting  of 
being  tightly  laced  anteriorly.  It  is  employed 
in  varices  and  ulcers  of  the  legs. 

STCKCIIAS  ARABICA.  Lavendula  stoechas. 

STCECHIOL'OGY,  StacJ,{oloy"ia,  {F.)Stachi- 
olof/ie;  from  aroix^iov,  'element,'  and  ^oyos,  'a 
discourse.'  A  treatise,  or  the  theory,  of  elements  ; 
hence  of  the  elementary  parts  of  organized  sub- 
stances. 

STOICIIEION,  Element. 

STOMA.  Mouj_h. 

STOMAC'ACE,  St/matne'ace,  Stomal' gia,  La- 
bristd'ciiini,  Cheilnc'iice,  Uloc'iice,  Cheilomnhi'- 
cin,  Stomalono'ma,  StoiKdlrinecro'nis,  Cancer  Orlo, 
Canker,  from  arofja,  'the  mouth,'  and  KixKoi, 
'evil.'  Foetor  of  the  mouth  with  a  bloody  dis- 
charge from  the  gums.  (F.)  Cancer  aqnalique  ; 
see  Cancer  Aquaticus.     Also,  Scurvy. 

Stomacape,  Porphyra  nautica — s.  Gangrseno- 
sum,  Cancer  aquaticus —  s.  Universale,  Purpura 
haemorrhagica. 

STOJItACAL,  Stomachal. 

STOMACALGIA,  Cardialgia. 

STOJIACH,  Stoni'achns,  Yentric'vhia.  Nedy, 
Anncijc'Ha,  Gaatcr,  Ghitlu'patens,  Jl/air,,  (of  ani- 
mals,) (Sc.)  ify^e,  /'ccAwH,  (Prov.)  War!go)i,(T.) 
Exlomac,  from  oTofia,  '  a  mouth.'  One  of  the 
principal  organs  of  digestion.  It  is  a  musculo- 
merabranous  reservoir;  continuous,  on  the  one 
side,  with  the  oesophagus;  on  the  other,  with  the 
duodenum.  It  is  situate  beneath  the  diaphragtn, 
between  the  liver  and  the  sydeen  ;  and  occupies 
the  epigastrium  and  a  part  of  the  left  liypochon- 
drium.     In  it  the  food  is  converted  into  chyme. 


STOMACHAL 


871 


STOMATO-GASTRIC 


Whon  viewcil  externally,  the  stomach  has.  1.  An 
onteriiir fiic.e,  which  looks  a  little  upwards.  2. 
An  iiifiiior  /'ice,  directed  downwards.  3.  An 
iii/crlur  or  calic  nmrr/in,  which  is  conve.^  and  ex- 
tensive, and  is  called  the  :jrK<it<;i-  ciirvatiire,  (F.) 
Orund  cdiirhitre.  It  gives  origin  to  the  omentum 
inajus.  4.  A  miperior  or  di<iphrn(jmntie.  mnrr/iti, 
which  is  .shorter,  concave,  and  is  called  the  Uxner 
curviititre,  (F.)  /'<tit  coiirbure.  The  lesser  omen- 
tum is  attached  to  this.  5.  A  h/t  or  a'si)p/ia(/eii/ 
orifice,  called,  also,  the  cnrdia.  Oh  veiih-ic'iili  or 
upper  urlfice.  6.  A  riijht  or  iiiteatlnaljUr  Inferior 
orifice,  called  the  jii/iorKH.  7.  A  considerable 
dilatation,  situate  to  tlie  left  of  the  cardia  and 
greater  curvature  —  the  great  tnheroHilij  or 
yrent  cul-ile-n<tc  or  fiiniliis  of  the  Htoiiuich  ; 
and,  8.  A  less  extensive  dilatation,  situate 
1o  the  rij^ht  of  the  greater  curvature, —  the 
leUHcr  tubcrdsily  or  IcHncr  cid-dc-n'ic.  Antrum 
J'ljln'ri.  The  inner  surface  of  the  stomach  is  of 
a  reddish-white  colour,  and  has  a  marbled  ap- 
pearance. It  is  constantly  covered  by  thick  mu- 
cus, and  is  lined  by  a  mucous  membrane,  which 
presents  numerous  wrinlcles.  Tlie  parietes  of 
the  stomach  consist  of  three  membranes  in  super- 
position. The  outermost  is  serous,  and  is  an  ex- 
tension  of  the  peritoneum.  The  middle  coat  is 
muHcular, — some  of  its  fibres  running  longitudi- 
nally ;  others,  transversely,  and  others  oldiqucly. 
The  innermost  membrane  is  of  a  mucous  nature, 
Cnisl't  villv'sa  veiitric' iili,  Gnstro-nijc.od'eriH,  but 
not  exactly  a  continuation  of  the  membrane  that 
lines  the  oesophagus.  The  mucous  and  muscu- 
lar meiribrancs  form,  at  the  pylorus,  a  valve, 
called  the  I'l/lorie  valve.  These  three  coats  are 
united  by  a  dense,  close,  areolar  membrane;  and, 
between  the  mucous  and  muscular  coats,  along 
the  two  curvatures  especially,  is  a  quantity  of 
muciparous  glands,  called  G/aiidn  of  Drimtier. 
The  arteries  of  the  stomach  are  very  numerous, 
and  proceed  from  the  coronaria  ventriculi,  the 
pyloric,  splenic,  and  right  and  left  gastro-epiploie. 
The  veins  have  the  same  name,  and  pursue  the 
finme  course  as  the  arteries.  They  pour  their 
blood  into  the  trunk  of  the  vena  porta.  Its  lym- 
phatic vessels  are  very  numerous,  and  pass  into 
ganglia,  situate  along  the  two  curvatures.  The 
nerves  of  the  stomach  proceed  from  the  pneumo- 
gastric,  and  three  divisions  of  the  cceliac  plexus. 

Stomach  Cell,  see  Favulus  —  s.  Disease,  Li- 
mosis. 

Stomach,  First,  Ingluvies. 

Stomach  Pump,  Oantren'chytn,  AntU'a  gnu'- 
trica,  (F.)  Poiiipe  pour  I'eiitamnc.  A  useful  in- 
strument for  conveying  fluids  to  the  stomach, 
when  deglutition  is  impracticable,  and  for  pump- 
ing out  the  contents  of  that  organ.  It  consists 
of  a  forcing  syringe,  to  the  bottom  and  nozzle  of 
which  flexible  tubes  can  be  attached.  AVhen  the 
object  is  to  force  fluids  into  the  stomach,  the 
stomach-tube  must  be  attached  to  the  nozzle,  and 
passed  down  the  throat,  —  the  tube  connected 
with  the  bottom  of  the  syringe  being  placed  in 
the  fluid  to  be  injected.  To  empty  the  stomach, 
the  stomach-tube  must  be  attached  to  the  bottom 
of  the  instrument.  This  instrument  has  been  of 
preat  service  where  poisons  have  been  taken. 
The  antidote,  when  any  exists,  and  is  at  hand, 
should  be  administered  immediately  prior  to  its 
use. 

The  stomach  pump  was  first  employed  in 
America  by  Dr.  Physick,  in  the  year  1812. 

Stomach,  SECOxn.  Proventriculus  —  s.  Sick, 
Milk  sickness s.  Third,  Ventriculus  callosus. 

Stomach  Titbk,  see  Tube,  oesophageal. 

STOM'ACII.\L,  Stoniarh'ic,  Stiimach'ical,  Cnr- 
di'ncii.  Stomach' ii-iii,  Stoniacha'lii,  Viscern'lix, 
(P  )  Stoiiiacal,  .'<lo,iiachi'}iie.  That  which  belongs 
tu  the  stomach  ;  that  which  is  good  for  the  sto- 


mach ;  which  strengthens  the  stomach.     A  me- 
dicine that  gives  tone  to  the  stomach. 

STO.MACIIALGIA.  Cardialgia. 

STOiMAClII  RE.SOLUTIO,  Dyspepsia. 

STOMACHIC,  Stomachal. 

STOMACIIICAL,  Stomachal. 

STOMA  Of/ /QUE,  Stomachal. 

STOM'ACIIUS,  from  cto^u,  'mouth.'  This 
word  has  been  used  in  several  dift'ercnt  accepta- 
tions ;  for  examjile,  for  the  oesophagus,  for  the 
cardiac  orifice  of  the  stomach,  (see  Cardia.)  and 
for  the  stomach  itself.  Hippocrates  calls  the  neck 
of  the  bladder  oTo/in;^o5  Kuorfajj;  and  the  neck  of 
the  uterus    rrn  /irjTpai  aTOfia^f^os. 

STOiM.AL'GIA,  Slomatal'i/ia,  Sfoniatddi/ii'ia, 
from  cTOfia,  '  mouth,'  and  uAyos,  '  pain.'  Pain  in 
the  mouth. 

STO.M'APYRA,  Aphthre— s.  Aphtha,  Aphtha. 

STOMATALGIA,  Stomalgia. 

STOMATKL'CIA,  Stnmatclco'nis ;  from  aro/ia, 
cToyiaTui, '  the  mouth,'  and  'cXko;,  '  an  ulcer.'  Ul- 
ceration of  the  mouth. 

STOAIAT'IA,  Stomatopnthi'a ;  from  aroiia, 
aroft'iroi.  'the  mouth.'     Disease  of  the  mouth. 

iSTOMAT'IC,  Sliiviat'icKH.fvom  aTOjin,  aroiiaToi, 
'mouth.'  A  medicine  used  in  diseases,  &c.,  of 
the  mouth.  Dentifrices,  masticatories,  &e.,  are 
stoinatics. 

STOMATITE  APHTHEUSE,  Stomatitis, 
aphthous  —  «.  CharbdtDieuiie,  Cancer  aquaticus — 
».  Cintenneuse,  Stomatitis,  pseudo-membranous —  - 
s.  CremeiiHe  piiltacee.  Aphthae  —  s.  FoUicidext^e, 
Stomatitis,  aphthous  —  «.  Gatif/rcneime,  Cancer 
aquaticus — «.  J/erciirielle,  see  Salivation,  mercu- 
rial;—  8.  I'lcercKne,  Stomatitis,  aphthous. 

STOMATI'TIS,  from  croixa,  aTo/xnTOi,  'the 
mouth,'  and  itit,  denoting  inflammation.  (F.) 
IiifiaiiiiiKition  de  la  Boitche;  Inflammation  of  the 
mouth. 

Stomatitis,  AriiTHons,  .?. /o?/('c'i(^(r  or  ul'ce- 
roiis,  Em'jihltjsin  Apjhtha,  A.  Adidto' rum,  (F.) 
Stumatite,  S.  nphtheii.se  ou  fulliciileniie  ou  ulcf- 
reuxe.  An  inflammation  of  the  follicles  of  the 
mouth,  constituting  the  ajihtlias  of  the  adult, 
which  is  generally  accompanied  by  ce[)halic,  gas- 
tric, and  general  disturbance.  It  may  be  either 
discrete  or  confluent,  and  requires  general  and 
local  treatment,  ailapted  to  the  case. 

Stomatitis,  Euvthem'atous.  Simple  inflam- 
mation of  the  mouth. 

Stomatiti.s,  Exsudativa,  Aphthre — s.  Follicu- 
lar, S.  aphthous  —  s.  (Jangrenous,  Cancer  aquati- 
ons—  s.  Materna,  Stomatitis  of  nursing  women. 

Stomatitis,  Mkuct'uial,  S.  mcrcnria'Ua,  Hy- 
drari/i/rontom'atia,  Ifi/drart/i/roslomnti'tis.  In- 
flamiiiation  of  the  mouth  induced  by  mercury. 

Stomatitis  op  Nuhsing-women,  S.  Xiitri'cmu 
seu  l\later'na,  appears  to  be  a  variety  of  S.  aph- 
thous. 

Stomatitis  Nutricum,  Stomatitis  of  nursing- 
women. 

Stomatitis,  Pseudomrm'branous,  (F.)  Stoma- 
tite  couoiueiine,  DiphthSrite  biiccale,  P^eudo-mem- 
hranoim  iufiammation  of  the  month;  —  in  its 
worst  form",  Stomati/phiis,  (F.)  Fegarite.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  mouth  accompanied  by  the  exuda- 
tion of  a  false  membrane,  —  a  disease  which  is 
rarely  seen  except  in  large  foundling  establish- 
ments. 

Stomatitis,  Ulckhous,  S.  aphthous — s.  Vesi- 
culosa infantum,  Aphtha?. 

STOMATOCACE,  Stomacace. 

STOMATODYNIA,  Stomalgia. 

STOMATO  -  GASTRIC,     Sio'mnto-gas'tricn", 

Stonio-fjaHtric,    Stomn-rfoa'triciio,  from  aroixa,  aru- 

narog,  '  the  mouth,'  and    yaanip,   '  the    stomach.' 

Appertaining  to  the  mouth  and  stomach, — as  the 

,  siomato-i/astric  ganglia  of  the  lower  animals.  See 

I  Eucephalon  and  Nerves. 


STOMATOMALACIA  PUTllIDA 


872 


STRANGULATION 


STOMATOMALACIA  PUTRIDA,  Cancer 
a'Hiaticus. 

STOMATONECROSIS,  Cancer  aquaticus,  Sto- 
niaciic'i'. 

STOMATONOMA,  Stomacace. 

STOxMATOPA'NUS,  from  aro^a,  aroiiaTOi,  '  the 
mouth,' and  jravo;,  'a  glandular  tumour.'  »SVo- 
miitdpliy'tna  yldiuliilusuni,  Poiikh  Fan'cium.  Tu- 
nieliution  of  the  irlands  of  the  mouth. 

STUMATOPllY'MA,  from  arojia,  arofjiarog,  'the 
mouth,'  and  ipv/ia,  '  a  swelling.'  A  swelling  in 
the  mouth. 

iStomatophyma  Glandulosum,  Stomatopanus. 

STO.MATOPLAS'TIC,  Stomtitoplas'ticux  ;  from 
oTOfja,  aTO/xaTos,  '  the  mouth,'  atid  nXaaau),  '  I  form.' 
An  epithet  for  the  operation  of  forming  a  mouth, 
where  the  aperture  has  been  contracted  from  anj' 
cause.      Stiim((t<ipliin'ti/. 

STOMATOKKIIAG'TA,  Stomatorrhce'a,  Hcb- 
iiion-hfiy"ia  oris  se\i  /(iii'ciiim,  Sun'yninis  projlti'- 
7  ill  in  ex  Ore,  Ilmmorrhoi'des  Grin,  Sloiiiftto'sis, 
Stiimorrhmf'ia,  (P.)  Heinorrliayie  huccale,  from 
cTcjia,  aronaroi,  '  the  mouth,'  and  priyvv^ii, '  I  break 
our.'     llemorrha.se  from  the  mouth. 

Stomatourhagia  Alvkolokum,  Phatnorrha- 
gia — s.  Gingivarum,  Ulorrhagisi. 

STOMATOHRIKEA,  Stomatorrhagia. 

STOM  ATOSCOPE,  from  arufia,  OTOfiarog, 
'  mouth,'  and  oKontot,  '  I  view.'  Any  instrument 
for  keeping  the  mouth  open,  so  as  to  permit  the 
Jiiirts  within  to  be  inspected  ;   Speculum  oris. 

STOMATOSEPSrS,  Cancer  aquaticus. 

STOMATOSIS,  Stomatorrhagia. 

STOMATOSPASMUS,  Tri.smus. 

STOMATYPllUS,  Stomatitis,  pseudomembra- 
nous. 

STOMENCEPIIALUS,  Storaocephalus. 

STOMOCEPH'ALUS,  Stomenceph'alns,  (F.) 
SiDiiiorepliale,  Sloiiieucephiile ;  from  aToynt, 
'mouth,'  and  Kcipu^rj,  'head.'  A  genus  of  mon- 
.sters,  having  two  contiguous  eyes,  or  a  double  eye 
occu])ying  the  median  line  ;  the  nasal  apparatus 
atrophied  and  forming  a  tube  (tronipe)  ;  the  jaws 
rudimcntal  ;  and  the  mouth  imperfect  or  want- 
ing.—  I.  G.  St.  Ililaire. 

STOMOMANICON,  Platysma  myoides. 

STOMOKHHAGIA,  Stomatorrhagia. 

STONE  IN  THE  BLADDER,  Calculi,  vesical 
—  s.  Binder,  Osteocolla  —  s.  Crop,  Seduin  —  s. 
Crop,  biting,  Sedum — s.  Mint,  Cunila  mariana — 
s.  Pock.  Acrie  —  s.  Root,  Collinsonia  Canadensis. 

STONES,  THE,  Testes. 

STOOL,  Dejectio. 

Stool,  Calomul,  see  Calomel. 

STORAX,  Styrax  —  s.  Liquida,  Liquidambar 
htvrMciflua. 

"STOREY'S  WORM  CAKES.  An  empirical 
jjreparation,  formed  oi  calomel  "^j,  j'tlnp  ^],  zin- 
<j'h.  ^ij,  sacch.  ^j,  cinnnh.  antim.  q.  s.  to  colour 
tliom  :  Ki/rup.  simpl.  q.  s.  to  make  into  cakes. 

STORKBILL,  Geranium  maculatum. 

STOUND.  Stitch. 

STOVE,  jE»tui,'rhim,  Stuphn.  Old  French,  Es- 
tuve ;  a  iStew,  (F.)  Etuve.  A  limited  space,  warm- 
ed artificially,  and  in  which  the  air  is  slowly  re- 
newed. It  is  used  for  drying  various  substances, 
as  plants,  e.'ctracts,  conserves,  &c.,  or  for  taking 
vapour  baths.  In  this  case,  the  steio  or  stove  is 
said  to  be  iret  or  humid ;  in  the  opposite  case,  it 
is  said  to  be  dri/,  (F.)  niche.  The  latter,  which 
is  used  by  the  Turks,  is  the  Lacou'icuin  or  C<ili- 
dn'rium  of  the  Romans.  The  former  is  their 
Tcpidd'riiim  or  Vopora'riiim.  These  kinds  of 
baths  greatly  excite  the  cutaneous  transpiration  ; 
and  arc  valuable  agents  in  rheumatic  and  other 
affections. 

STRABF,  see  Strabismus. 

STRABILISMOS.  Strabismus. 

STRABIS'MUS,  Strabilin' mos,  Parop'ais  Sira- 


binmiin,  from  oTija()oi, '  twisted,'  'one  who  squints;' 
SlriilioH'itiin,  Loxophthid'niiin,  DiHlor'niii.  Lii/ciliis, 
I/lu'xia,  Ilo'siii,  J/elti'niii,  S'luiiiliui/,  C'ri^tH  ci/e, 
(Prov.)  Doyle,  Gleciiiy,  (Sc.)  SIcclUe,  SLcil;,,  (h\) 
Strubisiiie,  Vue  louche,  Louchemeut.  Want  of 
concordance  of  the  optic  axes.  It  may  be  de- 
pendent upon  natural  or  acquired  incipiality  in 
the  action  of  the  motor  muscles  of  the  eye;  on  a 
convulsive  state  of  one  of  those  muscles;  a  dif- 
ference in  the  sensibility  of  the  two  eyes;  or  a 
cerebral  affection.  In  the  treatment,  if  the  dis- 
ease seem  to  depend  upon  an  excess  of  strength 
in  one  of  the  motor  muscles,  we  must  endeavour 
to  give  tone  to  that  which  is  too  weak,  by  |)laeing 
before  the  eye  a  mask  having  a  small  aperture 
on  the  side  to  which  it  is  necessary  to  direct  the 
pupil;  or  by  wearing  glasses,  provided  with  a 
piece  of  looking-glass,  on  the  side  to  which  the 
eye  is  vitiously  turned;  so  that  the  relioction 
may  be  inconvenient,  and  occasion  the  organ  to 
be  turned  in  an  ojiposite  direction  ;  or  by  putting 
a  black  patch  on  the  angle  ofjposite  to  that  to 
which  the  eye  is  turned.  If  owing  to  weakness, 
the  organ  must  be  strengthened  by  being  ex- 
erted alone,  and  by  leaving  the  other  at  rest. 
If  the  disease  be  symptomatic  of  cerebral  affec- 
tion, attention  must,  of  course,  be  directed  to  the 
latter. 

Strabismus  may  be  niiKjle,  or  affect  one  eye 
only,  or  double,  and  it  may  be  convenjent  or  di- 
vert/eut. 

Those  affeeted  with  Strabismus  are  called  Stra- 
bi,  -Strubo'nes,  Strabn'iii,  Strebli,  Illi,  fWidea, 
Si/uiiit'ern,  Squint-eyed,  (Sc.)  Gleyed,  (F.)  Lmichen, 
/lii/les.  A  slight  deviation  is  generally  called  a 
Ciixt  in  the  Eye,  and,  sometimes,  a  Cock-eye. 

Strabismus,  Convergknt,  see  Strabismus — s. 
Divergent,  see  Strabismus — s.  Double,  see  Stra- 
bismus— s.  Single,  see  Strabismus. 

STRA BONES,  see  Strabismus. 

STRABONL  see  Strabismus. 

STRABOSITAS,  Strabismus. 

STRABOT'OMY,  Str,ibotom'ia,_  from  arpa^os, 
'one  who  squints,'  and  to/xi;,  'incision.'  The 
operation  for  the  removal  of  squinting  by  the 
division  of  the  muscle  or  muscles  that  distort  the 
eye-ball. 

STRAE-DEATII,  see  Death. 

STRAIN,  Sprain. 

STRAIN,  colore,  (F.)  couler,  from  oTpayytiv, 
HtriiKjere,  (F.)  entreindre,  'to  constrict  or  squeeze.' 
To  y)ass  decoctions,  infusions,  &c.,  forcibly  through 
linen  ;  also,  to  exert  an  effort.  This  is  accom- 
plished by  fixing  firmly  the  parts  where  the  mus- 
cles to  be  exerted  originate,  in  order  that  their 
full  power  may  be  developed. 

STRAINING,  Nisus. 

STRAITS  OF  THE  PELVIS,  see  Pelvis. 

STRAMOIXE,  Datura  stramonium. 

STRAMONIA,  Datura  stramonium. 

STRAMONIUM,  Datura  stramonium— s.  Foe- 
tidum.  Datura  stramonium — s.  Majus  album, Da- 
tura stramonium  — s.  Spiiiosum,  Datura  stramo- 
nium—  s.  Vulgatuni,  Datura  stramonium. 

STRAN(tAL'IDE8.  from  a^Hiyyw.  'I  com- 
press.' Small,  hiird  tumours,  which  form,  as  in 
the  breast  when  the  milk  does  not  find  issue. 

STRANGALION,  Tubercle. 

STRANG ALII^,  Tubercle. 

STRAN(iALLSM US,  Strangulation. 

STRANGERS'  FEVER,  see  Fever,  strangers'. 

STRANG ULATIO,  Orthopnea,  Strangulation 
—  s.  Uterina,  Angone. — s.  Vnlvsr,  Ilvsteria. 

STRANGULA'TION,    Stmngnlxj  lio,    Piiir, 

Pnii/'mot,  Stroiiijiilis'muH,  (F.)  Elrrnir/letnent, 
Strauguliition.  From  arpuyyia.  'I  constrict  or 
squeeze.'  State  of  a  part  too  closely  constricted. 
Thus  we  say  that  there  is  stranyiddlivn  of  an  in- 


STRANGULATOR 


873 


STROPHULUS 


testinal  hernia,  when  the  opening  that  gives  pas- 
sage to  the  portion  of  protruded  inte.-tine  eon- 
triicts,  so  as  to  intercept  the  continuity  of  the 
digestive  cimal.  In  L<'cj„l  Medicine,  it  means  the 
forcible  obstruction  of  the  air  passages,  by  a 
ligature  or  by  the  hand,  for  criminal  purposes. 
See  Suffocation. 

STRAN(JULATOR,  see  Lycoides. 

STRANOURIA,  Enuresis— s.  Cruenta,  Cystor- 
rhagia. 

STltAXaURIE,  Strangury  —  ?.  Menstriielle, 
Dysrneiiorrh(«!i. 

STRANUU'RIOUS  ;  same  etymon  as  the  next. 
Aflecled  with,  or  of  tiie  nature  of,  strangury. 

STRAN'(JURY,  Stranyn'ria,  Parii'ria  stilla- 
ti'tiii,  from  arpayyetv,  'to  squeeze,'  and  ovpov, 
'urine:'  Di/iu'ria,  Uri'itm  Sti/licid'ium  seu  ^ub- 
alil'/itin,  (F.)  Strdiit/nrie.  Extreme  difficulty  in 
evacuating  the  urine,  which  issues  only  drop  by 
drop,  iiud  is  accompanied  with  heat,  pain,  tenes- 
mus lit  tlie  neck  of  the  bladder,  Ac.  See  Ischuria, 
and  Retention. 

STRAPPIXt},  WATER,  see  Water- dressing 
— s.  Wet.  see  Water-dressing. 

STRATHPEFFER,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.  A  sulphuretted  water,  at  Strathpeffer,  a  few 
miles  west  from  Dingwall,  in  Ross-shire,  Scot- 
land. It  contains  sulphate  of  soda,  sulphate  of 
lime,  cliloridc  of  sodium,  sulphate  of  magnesia, 
and  sulpho-hydric  acid. 

STRATIOTES,  Achillea  millefolium. 

STRATLT.M  RACILLATUM,  see  Tunica  Ja- 
cobi— s.  Corneum,  Epidermis — s.  Malpighii,  Cor- 
pus mucosum — s.  Pigmenti,  see  Choroid — s.  Pro- 
ligeruin,  Proligerous  disc. 

STRAWBERRY,  Fragnria— s.  Bush,  Euony- 
mus  Ainoricanus  —  s.  Shrubby,  Ruhus  arcticus — 
s.  Tree,  Euonymus  Americanus — s.  Wild,  Fragaria 
Virginiiuia. 

STREAK,  PRIMITIVE,  Groove,  primitive. 

STREATIIAM,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP. 
Streathnra  is  a  village  near  London.  The  waters 
are  snline  and  cathartic. 

STRETJLL  see  Strabismus. 

STKKIil.OSIS,  Luxation. 

STKE.MMA,  Lu.xntion,  Sprain. 

STREPITO'SUS  MORBUS.  'Noisy  disease.' 
A  kind  of  flatulent  disease,  siiid  by  Sorbait  to  be 
not  uncommon  in  the  Austrian  Alps,  in  which 
emphysematous  tumours  form  on  different  parts 
of  the  body,  —  accompanied  by  sonorous  excre- 
tion of  tras  by  the  mouth  and  anus. 

STREPITUS  AURIUM,  Tinnitus  aurium. 

STRETCHING,  Pandiculation. 

STRLE,  Vibices — s.  Cilinres,  Ciliary  processes 
— s.  Corneae,  Tenia  semicirculnris — s.  Longitudi- 
nales  Lancisii,  see  Corpus  eallosum  —  s.  Medul- 
lares,  see  Processes  teretes  —  s.  Retinae  suhjectae 
ligamenfo  ciliari,  Ilalo  signatus — s.  Semilunares, 
Taenia  semicircularis — s.  Tenninales,  Taenia  semi- 
circularis  —  s.  Transversales  Willisii,  see  Corpus 
eallosum. 

STRIATED  MUSCULAR  FIBRE,  see  Mus- 
cular fibre. 

STRIATUS,  CanneU,  Grooved,  see  Corpora 
striata. 

STRIBTLIGO,  Efflorescence. 

STRICTURA,  Stricture  — s.  Ani,  Stricture  of 
the  rectum  —  s.  Intestini  recti.  Stricture  of  the 
rectum — s.  Intestini  recti  spasmodica.  Stricture 
of  the  rectum,  spasmodic — s.  Oesophagi  callosa. 
Dysphagia  constricta  —  s.  fflsophagi  spasmodica, 
0<]sophagismus — s.  Pharyngis  seu  oesophagi  vera, 
Dysphagia  constricta  —  s.  Pncputii,  Phimosis  — 
s.  Uretlirn?,  Urethrostenosis — s.  Ventriculi,  Stric- 
ture of  the  stomach. 

STRICTURE.  Sin'ctii'rn,  from  atn'ngere,  strtc- 
tiim,  'to  tie  hard.'  C«oict<i'h'o,  Stec)n(,'n\8,  (F.) 
UStiScimieinenl.     A  diminution  or  contracted  con- 


dition of  some  tube  or  duct,  as  the  oesophagus, 
rectum,  urethra,  &c.  This  must  be  dilated  by 
appropriate  bougies.  Strictures  may,  also,  occur 
in  the  intestines:  they  are  unmanageable,  with 
the  exception  of  those  of  the  rectum,  which  admit 
of  topical  applications. 

Sthicture  op  the  (Esophagus,  Dysphagia 
constricta  —  s.  of  the  Pharynx,  Dysphagia  con- 
stricta. 

Stricture  of  the  Rectum,  Spasmod'ic,  Stn'c- 
tn'ra  [iitenti'ui  Jiecti  npimmod'icfi,  ObHtiiic'tIo  Recti 
ep'ts'tica.  An  affection  occurring  in  the  nervous 
especially,  which  sul)sides  spontaneously,  after  a 
longer  or  shorter  continuance. 

Stricture  of  the  rectum,  Strictu'ra  Ani  seu  Tn- 
teHti'ni  Recti,  ArchoKter/no'ma,  Rectosteno'sis,  Eu- 
tlri/enterosteno'iiin,  Arvhoiitegno'sis,  Archosteno'sis, 
Proctoencli'Kin,  Anyxstn'tio  et  Resfric'tio  intestini 
recti  seu  ani,  Stenocho'ria  intesti'ni  recti,  Proclo- 
sleno'sis  or;/f(n'ico,  occurs  also  organically,  and  is 
a  very  serious  affection ;  being  generally  depend- 
ent upon  seirrhus. 

Stricture  op  the  Stomach,  Gnstrofteno'sia, 
Cuarctii'tio  seu  Strictu'ra  ventric'idi.  See  Gas- 
trostenosis  cardiaca,  &e. 

Stricture  op  the  Urethra,  Urethrostenosis 

—  s.  of  the  Urinary  bladder,  Cystostenochoria — 
s.  Vesicae  urinariaa,  Cystostenochoria. 

STRIDOR  DENTl'UM,  Brvgmus. 

STRIGA  CARTILAGINOSA  CORDIS,  Isth- 
mus of  the  fossa  ovalis. 

STRIGIL,  Stricj'llis,  Stlen'f/i",  Stelen'fjix.  A 
flesh-brush.  Also,  an  instrument,  anciently  used 
in  the  biiths,  for  scraping  off  the  sweat. 

STRIPED  MUSCULAR  FIBRE,  see  Muscu- 
lar fibre. 

STROBILITI'TES,  from  <TTpo/?(>of,  stro'hilns, 
'a  cone  of  the  pine.'  Wine  impregnated  with 
the  cones  of  the  pine. 

STROEMIA,Cadaba. 

STROKE,  APOPLECTIC.  An  apoplectio 
seizure. 

Stroke,  Back,  of  the  Heart,  Impulse,  dia- 
stolic. 

Stroke,  Paralyt'ic.  A  sudden  attack  of  en- 
cephalo-spinal  paralj'sis. 

STROMA,  Strruj' nhtm,  Strnmen'ttim  ;  aTpw/ia, 
'a  bed  or  couch,'  from  arpiovwia,  aTiJuivvvfii.  'to 
spread  out;  to  cover.'  The  bed  or  foundation- 
texture  of  an  organ, — as  the  stroma  of  the  ovary. 
Applied,  also,  to  the  bed  or  base  of  any  deposit 

—  as  the  'amorphous  stroma'  of  scrofulous  de- 
posits. 

STROMBULCUS,  Forceps  (bullet.) 

STRONGLE,  Strongylus— «.tre((»?,  Strongylus 
gigas. 

STRON'GYLUS,  from  crpoyyvUi.  'round.' 
Hippocrates,  Chabert,  and  others,  mean  the  At', 
covin  Inmbricoi'dei  by  this  term.  The  Stronejiihia 
Gigas,  Enatron'gyhis  gigas,  As'caris  vincera'lis 
seu  rena'lix,  Fnaa'ria  x^iscera'lin  et  renn'lin,  (F.) 
Strangle,  S.  geant,  is,  however,  distinct.  It  has 
an  obtuse,  flat  head  ;  mouth  surrounded  with  six 
flattish  papilla:  the  whole  bursa  of  the  male  trun- 
cated :  the  tail  of  the  female  rounded.  It  is  some- 
times met  with, — five  inches,  a  foot,  a  foot  and  a 
half,  and  even  three  feet  long,  —  and  from  two 
lines  to  half  an  inch  in  diameter.  It  is  occa- 
sionally found  in  the  human  kidney;  rarely  in 
other  viscera,  and  still  more  rarely  in  the  intes- 
tinal tube. 

STRoN'fivi.us,  Teres. 

STROPIIOS,  Tormina. 

STROPHULE.  Strophulous. 

STROPirULUS,  Licheni' nnin  atrnph  '  vJiis, 
EbnUil"ii>,  E.tanthe'mn  sen  £"..■»-'-">'  nlrophnhis. 
Red  Gnm,  Red  Gown,  Tiintli  Rafh,  White  Gnni, 
Jfi/lcipotn,  (F.)  Strophnle,  l\n.r  de  dents.  It 
consists    of  au    eruption    of  red,    or   sometimes 


STROniUS 


874 


STRYCHNOS 


•whitish  pimples,  oooiirring  in  early  iiifiMioy, 
ehieliy  nbnut  the  face,  neek,  and  arm?,  surrcitimled 
by  a  reddish  halo  ;  or  interrupted  by  irreirnlar 
patches  of  cutaneous  blush.  All  the  varieties 
under  this  genus  arise  in  consequence  of  the  ex- 
treme vascularity  and  irritability  of  the  skin  at 
this  period  of  life,  when  the  constitution  is  liable 
to  be  disturbed  by  irritation,  either  in  the  ali- 
mentary canal,  gums  or  other  parts.  None  of 
these  eruptions  are  of  any  importance,  and  no 
medical  treatment  is  usually  necessary.  If  the 
stomach  seem  at  all  disordered,  a  little  rhubarb 
and  magnesia  may  be  administered  occasionally. 
AVillan  and  Bateman  reckon  five  species,  —  Stro- 
phiduH  interline' tuK,  lied  gnm  or  gown  ;  S.al'bidnn, 
white  gum;  S.  confer' tus,  rank  red  gum,  Tooth 
riinh  ;  S.  vohit'icus  or  Erythe' ma  volat'icnm,  and 
S.  c(in' didiis. 

Strophulus  Sylvkstrls,  Ignis  sylvaticus — s. 
Volatieus,  Ignis  sj'lvatieus. 
STROPHUS,  Tormina. 
gTRlICTIO.  Structura. 

STRUCTURAL;    same  etymon  as  the  next. 
Of,  or  behmgins  to,  structure. 

STRUCTURE,   Strnctu'ra,    Stnic'th,   Confor- 
mn'tlo,    Octasceu'e,    from    stniere,    strnctnm,    '  to 
build.'     The  arrangement  of  the  different  tissues 
or  organic  elements  of  which  animals  and  vege- 
tables are  composed.     See  Tissue. 
STRUMA,  Bronchoeele,  Scrofula. 
SriiuMA.  Adipo'sa,  Oben'itits  colli.    Fatty  neck. 
Prominence  of  the  neck  from  obesity. 
Struma  Fungosa,  Encephaloid. 
STRUM ES,  Scrofula. 
STRUM EIIX.  Scrofulous. 
STHUMOSIS  OEREBRf,  Encephalophymata 
—  s.  Pulinonuin,  Tubercles  of  the  lungs. 
STRU.MOSUS,  Serofulous. 
STRUMOUS,  Scrofulous. 

STRUTIIIOPH'AGUS,  from  arpov^inv,  'a 
young  ostrich,'  and  (payw,  'I  eat.'  Struthiopha- 
gous  tribes  still  exist  in  some  parts  of  Africa. 
STRUTHIUM,  Saponaria. 
S  T  R  U  V  E\S  L  0  T 1 0  N  F  0  R  HOOPING- 
COUfiH,  see  Lotion,  Struve's,  for  hooping-cough. 
8'niYCll}ilA,Stri/rhni'na,Str7j<-h'nine,Stnjrh- 
ni'nnni,  Stri/ch'niitm,  Vnnqueline,  Tet'tinhie.  An 
alkaline  principle;  solid,  crystalline,  inodorous, 
bitter,  and  excessively  poisonous,  which  has  been 
found  in  Strychnos  nnx  vomica,  S.  Coliibri'na,  S. 
Tieiite,  Igna'tia  ama'ra,  Cer'hera  Theve'tia,  and 
C.  Ahn'vai.  (Nncis  vomii:(B.  rasur.  tbiv:  calcis 
pulv.  ^vj  ;  acid,  mitriat,  f^iij  ;  alcohol.,  acid,  sul- 
phuric. dlL,  liquor,  ammoniac,  carbon,  animal, 
jiurif.,  aqn<B,  aa  q.  s.  Digest  the  nux  vomica  in 
two  gallons  of  water,  acidulated  with  a  fluidounce 
of  muriatic  acid,  for  24  hours:  then  boil  for  two 
hours,  and  strain  with  expression  through  a  strong 
linen  bag.  Boil  the  residuum  twice  successively 
in  the  same  quantity  of  acidulated  water,  each 
time  straining  as  before.  Mix  the  decoctions, 
and  evaporate  to  the  consistency  of  thin  syrup  : 
then  add  the  lime  previously  mixed  with  a  pint 
of  water,  and  boil  for  ten  minutes,  frequently 
stirring.  Pour  the  mixture  into  a  double  linen 
bag,  and  having  washed  the  precipitate  well  with 
water,  press,  dry,  and  powder  it.  Treat  the 
powder  repeatedly  with  boiling  alcohol,  until  de- 
prived of  its  bitterness  ;  mix  the  liquors,  and  dis- 
til off  the  alcohol  by  means  of  a  water-bath.  Mix 
the  residue  with  water,  and  having  applied  heat, 
drop  in  sufficient  diluted  sulphuric  acid  to  neutra- 
lize and  dissolve  the  strychnia  ;  then  add  puri- 
fied animal  charcoal ;  boil  for  a  few  minutes,  filter, 
evaporate,  and  crystallize.  Dissolve  the  crystals 
in  water,  and  add  sufficient  solution  of  ammonia 
to  precipitate  the  strychnia.  Lastly,  dry  the  pre- 
cipitate on  bibulous  paper.  Ph.  U.  S.)  The  ac- 
tion— therapeutical  and  toxical — of  strychnia  on 


man  and  animals  is  exactly  like  that  of  the  nloo- 
liolic  extract  of  nux  vomica.  It  is.  however, 
more  active.  An  eighth  of  a  grain  is  sufficient 
to  kill  a  large  dog:  and  a  quarter  of  a  grain  pro- 
duces marked  cft'ects  on  the  human  body,  when 
in  health.  It  has  been  given  in  paralysis  nnd 
other  cases  like  the  nux  vomica.  Dose,  one- 
si.Vteenth  to  one-twelfth  of  a  grain. 

STi)Ycn>MA,  AcKTATK  OK,  Strychniic  acetas  — 
s.  Hydriodate  of,  Strychniic  hydriodas — s.  iMdnle 
of,  Strychniaj  iodas — s.  Iodide  of,  Stryehniie  hy- 
driodas. 

Stuych'ntia,  I'odibe  of  loDHYnnATK  or,  (F.) 
lodure  d'lodhydrate  de  Strychiiine.  is  made  by 
pouring  a  solution  of  iodnretted  iodide  of  p<itnn. 
nium  into  a  solution  of  a  salt  of  strychnia  ;  treat- 
ing the  precipitate  with  boiling  alrohol,  and  crys- 
tallizing. Used  in  the  same  eases  as  strychnia. 
Dose,  a  tenth  to  a  sixth  of  a  grain. 

Strychnia,  MtiniATE  of.  Strychnia;  mnrias  — 
s.  Nitrate  of,  Strychniae  nitras  —  s.  Sulphate  of, 
Strychnix  sulphas. 

Strychnia  and  Zinc,  Dornr.K  Iodide  of, 
Zinc  and  Strychnia,  double  iodide  of. 

STRYCH'NI^.  ACE'TAS,  Siryrh'ninm  seu 
Strychni'num  ace'ticum,  Ace'tas  strych'nii  sou 
strych'nicus,  Ac"etate  of  Strychnia  or  Strychnine. 
This  salt  is  formed  by  the  direct  coinbinaticm  of 
strychnia  with  acetic  acid.  It  is  given  in  the 
same  cases  as  pure  strychnia. 

STRyCIl'NI.1=;  llYnUl'OOAS,  .S*.  iodhy'dras,  Strych'- 
nium  hydro'iod' icnm,  Hydri'odas  seu  lodhy'ilms 
strych' iiicus,  Hydri'odate  or  ladide  of  Strychnia, 
is  prepared  by  mixing  a  solution  of  iodide  "f  po- 
tassium with  a  concentrated  solution  of  acetate  of 
strychnia. 

Strycii'nI/K  I'ODAf^, St7-ychni'nai  I'odas,  Strych- 
ni'na  loda'ta,  Strych'niuni  seu  Strychni'nuni  lod'- 
ic}im,  I'odas  Strych'nii  seu  Strych'nicus,  I'odiite 
of  Strych'nia  or  Strychnine.  Tliis  salt  may  bo 
formed  by  adding  a  concentrated  solution  of 
iodic  acid  to  strychnia;  treating  with  boiling 
alcohol ;  filtering,  and  leaving  it  to  spontaneous 
evaporation. 

Stiiycii'nIjI?  Mu'ria.s,  Mu'riate  of  Strychnin. 
(The  product  of  the  union  of  muriatic  acid  and 
strychnia.)  Used  in  the  same  cases  as  strychnia. 
STUYCHNIyE  NiTRAS,  Strych'niuni  ni'lrirum,  Ni- 
trate of  Strychnia  or  Strychnine,  (F.)  Nitrate  ou 
Azotate  de  Strychnine.  (The  product  of  the  union 
of  nitric  acid  and  strychnia.)  Used  in  the  samo 
cases  as  strychnia. 

Strycii'nivE  Siii.phas.  Strych'nium  anlphii'ri- 
cum,  Sulphate  of  Strychnia  or  Strychnine.  Has 
the  same  properties. 

STRYCIININA,  Strychnia. 
STRYCHNINE,    Strychnia  — s.    Azotate    of, 
Strych niix;  nitras. 

STRYCHNINUM,  Strychnia. 
STRYCHNISM,  see  Strychnos  nux  vomica. 
STRYCH  NIUM,  Strychnia— s.  Accticum, 
Strychniae  acetas — s.  Nitricum,  Strychnia^  nitras 
—  s.  Sulphuricum,  Strychnise  sulphas. 

STRYCHNOS,  Solanum  dulcamara— s.  Colu- 
brina,  see  Strychnia,  and  S.  Nux  vomica — s.  Cuia- 
nensis,  see  Curare  —  s.  Ignatii,  Ignatia  aniara. 

Strychnos  NcixVom'ica,  Nux  Vomica,  Metel.'- 
la,  Canirnm,  Koochln  tree.  Nat.  Ord.  Logit- 
niaceas.  Sex.  Syst.  PentandriaMonogynia.  (F.) 
Vowiquier.  A  tree  of  the  family  Strychndidcs, 
which  grows  in  India,  and  the  seeds  of  which 
have  been  long  sold  in  the  shoj)s,  under  tlie 
names,  Nux  Vomica,  Vomic  or  Poison  vut.  Bache- 
lors' buttons,  &c.,  (F.)  Noix  vomique.  For  a  long 
time,  these  seeds  were  used  only  for  poisoning 
rats;  but  subsequently  an  alcoholic  extract  was 
prepared  from  them,  which  has  been  admin- 
istered in  paralytic  affections,  in  small  dosts. 
Dose  of  the  Alcoholic  Ejctract,  Extruc' turn  nucit 


STRYPIINA 


875 


STYLO-GLOSSUS 


rom'icr.  Kpi'n'tno'sum  scu  mio's  vomt'ctp  resi'no'eiim 
acu  tiiich  com'ti-cB  nlcuhol'icum,  (F.)  Extrait  alco- 
htiliqiie  de  iioijc  voiiiif/nn,  one  or  two  grains.  It 
producef!  a  kind  of  tetanic  convulsion  in  the  pa- 
ralyzed parts,  when  given  to  the  requisite  extent. 
It  has,  also,  been  administered  in  chronic  diar- 
rhoea and  dysentery.  When  taken  to  such  an 
extent  as  to  induce  toxical  phenomena  —  Strych- 
vism  —  it  causes,  at  first,  or  when  given  in  a 
smaller  dose,  greatly  augmented  excitability  of 
the  spinal  nervous  system,  with  slight  transient 
paroxysms  of  spasms  of  the  limbs,  and  hurried 
respiration.  In  larger  doses,  the  excitability  is 
still  more  developed,  with  paroxysms  of  prolonged 
general  tetanic  convulsions,  laryngismus  or  con- 
traction of  the  glottis,  violent  efl'orts  of  respira- 
tion, apoplexy,  and  asphyxia. 

The  following  is  the  formula  for  the  prepara- 
tion of  the  Extrac'thm  Nucis  Vom'ic^  of  the 
Pharm  U.  S.  Take  of  Nuxvomtcn,  foj  ;  Alcohol, 
a  sutiiciont  quantity.  Expose  the  Nux  Vomica  to 
steam  till  it  is  softened;  then,  having  sliced  and 
dried  it,  grind  it  into  powder.  Introduce  it  into 
an  apparatus  for  displacement,  and  pour  alcohol 
upon  it  gradually,  until  the  li(iuid  passes  without 
bitterness.  Distil  otf  the  greater  j)art  of  the  alco- 
hol from  the  filtered  liquor,  and  evaporate  the 
residue  to  the  proper  consistence. 

The  bark  is  theyV(/«e  nvrjiiDtura  or  false  cnspa- 
ria  hark  ;  Rohiin.     See  Brucea  antidysenterica. 

The  wood  of  Stuychnos  Colubui'na,  Modira 
eaiiii-dm,  an  Indian  tree,  which  contains  strychnia, 
was  fortnerly  considered  a  specific  against  the 
bites  of  venomous  animals  ;  and  was  recommended 
by  Boerhaave  in  intermittents.  It  is  the  Lignum 
Coliibri'iinni,  (F.)   Hois  de  Couleiivre. 

Under  the  names  arpuxvi,  and  arpv^voi,  differ- 
ent kinds  of  nightshade  are  described  by  Dios- 
corides. 

Strychkos  Ignatii,  Ignatia  amara. 

Stuychnos  PoTATo'uiisr,  dearing  nut.  The 
fruit  of  a  large  tree  of  Silhet,  which,  when  ripe, 
is  sold  in  the  markets  of  India,  and  has  been  in- 
troduced into  those  of  London,  under  the  name 
NirmnUeefi  or  Ninnillies.  One  of  them  is  well 
rubbed  for  a  minute  or  two  around  the  inside  of 
a  vessel  containing  water,  which  it  purifies  by- 
causing  the  impurities,  which  the  fluid  contains, 
to  be  deposited  through  its  albumen  and  casein 
it  is  su[)posed, 

Stuychnos  Pskttdoqui'na,  Qicina  do  Campo, 
of  Brazil,  is  used  by  the  natives  as  a  substitute 
for  cinchona. 

Stuychnos  Tieute,  see  Strychnia,  and  Upas — 
S.  Toxicaria,  see  Toxifera,  and  Curare. 

STRYPIINA.  Astringents. 

STRYPHNOS,  Acerb. 

STIIDIOSUS  MEDICINE,  Philiatros. 

STUDIUM  INANE,  Aphelxia  otiosa. 

STUDY,  BROWN,  Aphelxia  otiosa. 

STUFF,  see  Medicament. 

STUFFING,  Cynanche  trachealis. 

STULTITIA,  Fatuitiis. 

STUMP,  (fi.)  Stumpf.  (D.)  Stomp,  'a 
stump;'  also,  '  blunt.'  (F.)  Moirjnon.  The  part 
remaining  from  which  a  limb  or  other  part  has 
been  amputated  or  removed  in  any  manner.  Also, 
the  portion  of  a  tooth  remaining  in  the  alveolus, 
after  the  corona  has  been  removed,  (F.)  Chicot. 

STUMPFOOT,  Kyllosis. 

STUNNED.  Old  French,  EntonnL  (F.)  j^/on- 
n(,  (L.)  (itlonitiis,  'astonished.'  An  epithet, 
applied  to  one  who,  in  consequence  of  a  fall  or 
other  accident,  has  received  such  a  concussion 
of  the  brain  as  to  deprive  him,  for  a  time,  of  his 
meut.il  manifestations. 

STUPA.  arvri).  yiiipha,  Sfiippa,  arvvirri,  Stii- 
pei'on.    Tow,  used  in  certain  surgical  apparatuses 


and  dressings,  (F.)  Etoupe.  Also,  a  Stupe,  that 
is.  cloth  or  tow  used  in  fomentations.  A  flannel 
or  other  article  wrung  out  of  hot  water,  plain  or 
medicated,  applied  to  a  part,  is  a  stupe.  The  act 
of  applying  such  stupe  is  called  stnpiug. 

STUPE.  Stupa. 

STUPEFACIENTIA,  Narcotics. 

STUPEFACriFS,  Narcotics. 

STUPEFACTIO,  Narcosis. 

STUPEF[ANTS,  Narcotics. 

STUPEION,  Stupa. 

STUPEUR,  Stupor. 

STUPIIA,  Stove,  Stupa. 

STUPIA,  Tin. 

STUPIDITAS,  Idiotism,  Imbecility. 

STUPING,  see  Stupe. 

STUPOR,  E'-j/lej-'is,  Ecplex'in,  Cotisterno'tio, 
(Se.)  Swarff",  Swerf,  (F.)  Stupenr,  from  stiipeir, 
'to  be  stupefied.'  Diminishecl  activity  of  the  in- 
tellectual faculties,  often  amounting  to  lethargy. 
It  occurs  in  many  affections,  especially  in  the 
neuroses. 

Stiipoii,  Narcosis — s.  Artuuin,  Obdormitio  — .«. 
Dentiura,  Hremodia  —  s.  Formicans.  Formication 
—  s.  Mentis,  Fatuitas  —  s.  Vigilans,  Catalepsy. 

STUPPE,  Stupa. 

STUPRATION,  Stuprum. 

STUPRUM,  Rape,  Stupra'tion,  (F.)  Deflora- 
tion, Viol.  Forcible  and  illicit  enjoyment  of  a 
married  or  unmarried  female.  When  committed 
upon  the  latter,  which  is  most  comoKmly  the 
case,  it  is  also  called,  JJeJlorn'tion,  Dejiora'tio, 
Deuirgina'tio,  Vitia'tio,  Apitnlhls' mus,  &c.  In 
judging  whether  rape  has  been  committed  under 
such  circumstances,  the  state  of  the  genital  or- 
gans ;  the  age  of  the  individual ;  and  the  possibi- 
lity of  accidents  and  diseases  of  the  parts,  will 
have  to  be  considered.  It  will  be  necessary,  also, 
to  be  acquainted  with  the  evidences  of  virginity  ; 
and  to  determine, — if  signs  of  virginity  no  longer 
exist,  —  whether  its  loss  be  attributable  to  coi)u- 
lation,  or  to  the  introduction  into  the  vagina  of 
any  other  body  than  the  male  organ,  Ac.  Recent 
defloioerinf)  can,  of  course,  be  much  more  readily 
distinguished  than  that  which  has  taken  place 
some  time. 

STUTTERING,  Balbuties. 

STYAN,  Hordeolum. 

STYE.  Hordeolum. 

STYGMATES.  M.  J.  Cloquet  has  proposed 
this  word,  or  Stigmates,  from  arty^u,  'a  mark,' 
to  designate  the  marks,  in  form  of  cicatrices, 
which  remain  on  the  peritoneum  after  the  oblite- 
ration of  the  neck  of  a  hernial  sac.  They  are, 
commonly,  radiated  folds,  of  a  whitish  appear- 
ance, more  or  less  thick,  and  of  a  fibrous  or  fibro- 
cartilaginous nature. 

STYLET.  Specillum. 

STY  LI,  Styloid  processes. 

STYLIFORM,  Styloid. 

STYLO,  in  composition,  relating  or  belonging 
to  the  styloid  process  of  the  temporal  bone. 

STYLO- CERATOIDES,  Stylo-hyoideus  — s. 
Cerato-hyoideus,  Stylo-hyoideus. 

STYLO -CIIONDRO-HYOIDEUS.  A  name 
given,  by  Douglas  and  Albinus.  to  a  fleshy  fasci- 
culus which  the  stylo-hyoid  muscle  sometimes 
presents,  and  which  is  attached  to  the  lesser 
cornu  of  the  os  hyoides.  It  is  the  same  fascicu- 
lus which  Santorini  calls  Stylo-hyoV dea  norus, 
Sti/lohyo'ideus  niter. 

STYLO-GLOSSUS.  A  muscle  situate  at  the 
anterior  and  superior  part  of  the  neck.  It  is  nar- 
row behind,  much  broader  before  :  is  attaclu'd 
to  the  styloid  process  of  the  temporal  bone,  and 
to  the  stylo-maxillary  ligament ;  and  is  inserted 
into  the  side  of  the  tongue.  It  raises  the  base  of 
the  tongue  and  carries  it  backwards. 


STYLO-IIYOiDEUS 


87G 


SUB-ATLOIDEUS 


STYLO-HYOiDEUS,  St;/!o-cer'c,lo.h,/oy,!eiis, 
Sti/lo-ceratoVdtXy  Stylii-hyindes  major,  (F.)  Sfijlo- 
h>/otdieii.  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  superior,  .inte- 
rior, and  lateral  part  of  the  neck.  It  is  thin  and 
narrow,  —  especially  posteriorly:  anteriorly,  it 
opens  to  give  passage  to  the  tendon  of  the  digas- 
tricus.  It  is  attached  to  the  styloid  process  of 
the  temporal  bone,  and  to  the  body  of  the  os 
livoides.  It  raises  the  os  hyoides,  and  carries  it 
backwards. 

STYi.o-HYOin  Ligament  is  a  fibrous,  flattened 
cord,  which  passes  from  the  styloid  process  to  the 
lesser  cornu  of  the  os  hyoides. 

Stylo-hyoit)  Nekve  is  the  second  branch 
given  off  by  the  faeiiil  nerve. 

STYLOID,  Sly'H/orm,  Stilloi'des,  Grnjihun'- 
df'H,  Ginpho'i'des,  Giaphio'dea,  Graphultti'des, 
Belnno'dex,  from  arvXoi,  'a  style,'  'a  peg,'  'a  pin,' 
and  ciioi,  '  shape.'     Shaped  like  a  peg  or  pin. 

Styloid  Couxua,  see  Hyoides  os. 

Styloid  Proc''esses,  Pencil-like  Pi-occsneii, 
Procen'miH  Belo'iden  seu  Belemnoides  seu  BelonaV- 
drs  seu  Graphidides  seu  GniplKj'i'dei,  Stj/li,  are, 
1.  A  long  and  slender  process  of  the  temporal 
bone,  to  which  are  attached  the  stylo-glossus, 
stylo-pharyngeus,  and  stylo-hyoideus  muscles, 
and  the  stylo-hyoid  and  stylo-maxillary  liga- 
ments. 2.  Two  slender  and  pyramidal  processes 
at  the  inferior  extremities  of  the  radius  and  ulna. 

STYLO-MASTOID,  St,/lo-ma<koideus.  That 
which  relates  to  the  styloid  and  mastoid  pro- 
cesses. 

Stylo-mastoid  Artery  arises  from  the  poste- 
rior auricular,  and,  in  some  subjects,  from  the 
occipital.  It  enters  the  stylo-mastoid  foramen  ; 
]insses  along  the  aqueduct  of  Fallopius,  and 
fpreads  its  ramifications  on  the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  tympanum,  and  in  the  mastoid  cells, 
and  semi-circular  canals  ;  and  terminates  by  anas- 
tomosing with  a  branch  of  the  Arletia  meniiKjcB'i 
riiedin,  which  enters  by  the  Hlatun  Fa/lnpii. 
Murray  has  given  the  name — Sti/!o-mantoid  —  to 
the  posterior  auricular  artery  itself. 

STYLO-MASTOin  Fora'mek,  Foi-nmen  Sh/Io-mas- 
toi'deiim  seu  AqiKBdiic'tCis  FaKo'pii,  (F.)  Tron 
ii)i()n]/:iiK.  is  situate  at  the  inferior  surface  of  the 
petrous  portion  of  the  temporal  bone,  between 
tlie  styloid  and  mnstoid  processes.  It  terminates 
the  aqueduct  of  Fallopius,  and  gives  passage  to 
the  fxcial  nerve. 

S  T  Y  L  0  -  M  A  X '  I LL ARY,  Stylo-maxilWrix. 
That  which  relates  to  the  styloid  processes  and 
jaw. 

The  Stylo-Maxillary  Ligament  is  a  liga- 
mentous, flat  cord,  extending  between  the  styloid 
process  and  the  angle  of  the  jaw. 

STYLO -PIIARYNGEUS,  (F.)  Stylo  -  thyro- 
)ihanjiif/ien.  A  muscle,  situate  at  the  anterior 
and  lateral  part  of  the  neck.  It  is  slender;  thin 
above ;  attached  to  the  styloid  process  of  the 
temporal  bone,  and  terminates  in  the  parietes  of 
the  pharynx,  as  well  as  at  the  posterior  margin 
of  the  thyroid  cartilage.  It  raises  the  pharynx 
and  carries  it  backwards.  Professor  Chaussier 
lias  united,  under  the  name  Sti/!n-pharyiigiei), 
the  three  constrictor  muscles  of  the  pharynx,  the 
stvlo-phiirvngeus,  and  palato-pharvngeus. 

'STYLOPH'ORUM  DIPHYL'LUM,  Mecouop'- 
S!S  diphi/l'l'i,  Chelldo' Ilium  diphyl'liim,  Cel'andine 
or  Horn  Poppi/,  Brniii'  root.  An  indigenous 
plant,  of  the  f<(mi!i/  Papaveraceno,  growing  from 
Western  Pennsylvania  to  Wisconsin,  which  flowers 
from  May  to  August.  The  juice  is  fetid  and  nar- 
cotic. Infused  in  wine,  it  has  been  given  in- 
ternally in  gravel:  and  has  been  applied  exter- 
niilly  to  contusions,  ,tc. 

STYLO-  THYRO-  PIIAR  YNGIEN,  Stylo- 
pharvngeus. 

STYLUS,  Sound. 


Stvli'S  Excava'tus,  Spccil'lum  ejrcam'lum. 
A  hollow  souikI. 

STViMA,  Erection,  Priapismus. 

STYMATOSIS,  Stimatosis. 

ST\  JI'jM  ATA,  from  aTvii/ta,  cTv/iiiaTos,  'that 
which  constricts  or  thickens.'  The  most  solid 
ointments.  Also,  the  ingredients  proper  for  in- 
creasing their  consisfence. 

STYPSrS,  Astriction,  Constipation. 

STYPTERIA,  Alumen,  Styptics. 

STYPTIC,  see  Styptics. 

Styi'tic,  Binelli's,  Aqua  BincUii — s.  Broc- 
chieri's,  Aqua  Brocchierii. 

Styi'Tic,  Eaton's.  A  name  first  given  to  ffrlve- 
tiiiH'n  Styptic,  when  introduced  into  Great  Britain. 
It  is  now  usually  made  of  calcined  yrecn  vitriol, 
3j  ;  proof  Kjiiril,  tinged  with  a  little  oak  bark,  Oij. 

Styptic,  IIklvetii's's,  see  Ferrum  tartariza- 
tum,  and  Styjitic,  Eaton's. 

Styptic,  Pagliaiu's,  llajmostatic,  Pagliari's. 

Styptic,  Ruspini's,  Liquor  Sti/pt'iciis  Rimpiiii, 
A  nostrum,  said  to  consist  of  giiUic  acid,  a  small 
quantity  of  sulphate  of  zinc  and  opium,  dissolved 
in  a  mixture  ot  alcohol  and  roue-water,  which  has 
hiid  much  reputation  as  an  internal  and  external 
astringent. 

Styptics,  Contrahen'tia,  Conitricti'va  Medi- 
camen'ta,  Coiixtrinifeii'tia,  Aiianlal'tiea,  Catastal'- 
tica,  Sli/ple'ria,  (F.)  Styptiqiten,  from  oTuiru,  'I 
constringe.'  Sometimes  used> synonymously  with 
astringent,  but  generally  applied  to  a  substance 
employed  to  arrest  hemorrhage,  —  Ence'mon.  A 
mechanical  uti/ptic  is  one  that  arrests  the  flow  of 
blood,  by  being  applied  immediately  to  the  mouth 
of  the  bleeding  vessel,  or  by  inducing  a  coagu- 
luin,  mechanicalli/,  in  it.  A  chijmicul  Htyptic  is 
one  which  coagulates,  cliymically,  the  blood 
around  a  bleeding  orifice. 

STYRAC'INUM  O'LEUM.  Oil  obtained  by 
boiling  storax  in  good  olive  oil. 

STYRAX,  oTVQal  A  resin  obtained  from  Sty- 
rax.  officina'lis  and  S.  calatni'ta.  It  is  the  Holid 
storax; — officinal  storax.  There  are  two  kinds 
of  storax  met  with:  1.  Red  Storax,  Gum  Storax, 
Thus  JndcBo'rnin,  Sty  rax  rubra,  Sly'racis  hal'- 
samuni,  Baliamnm  styracis  ojfficinalis,  which  is 
obtained  by  incision  from  the  Styrax  officina'lis, 
and  perhaps  from  the  Liquidain'har  Orienta'lis. 
The  purest  is  in  tears  :  but  it  has  lost  some  of  its 
smell  in  drying.  2.  Common  Storax,  Styrax  ca- 
lami'ta.  That  which  has  been  received  in  reeds 
or  vessels,  and  has  had  saw-dust  added  immedi- 
ately to  thicken  it.  The  odour  of  storax  is  fra- 
grant; the  taste  aromatic.  It  is  considered,  like 
the  other  balsams,  to  be  stimulant  and  expecto- 
rant, but  is  rarely  used  long. 

Pii'rified  Storax,  <S'.  cola'ta  seu  pnrifiea'tn, 
S.  prm/iara'ta,  Extractum  sty'racis,  is  prepared 
by  dissolving  storax  in  alcohol ;  straining  the  so- 
lution ;  then  distilling  off  the  alcohol  witli  a  gen- 
tle heat,  until  the  storax  acquires  the  proper  con- 
sistence.—  Ph.  U.  S.     Dose,  gr.  x  to  xxx. 

Styrax  Alba,  see  Myroxylon  Peruiferum  —  s. 
Benzoin,  see  Benjamin  — s.  Calamita,  see  Styrax 
— s.  Liquida,  Liquidambar  styraciflua — s.  Ofiici- 
nalis,  see  Styrax. 

STYSIS,  Erection,  Priapismus. 
SUAVEOLENS,  Boneolens. 
SUB.     A  common  Latin  prefix,  often  signifying 
'  beneath,'  or  'a  lower  degree.' 
SUBACIDUS,  Acidulous. 

SUBAC'TIO,  Chiro'sis,  Cheiro'sis,  from  stihiijn, 
snhactnni,  (sub,  and  ago),  'to  subject,  to  prepare.' 
The  operation  of  making  plasters,  extracts,  ic, 
with  the  hand,  or  with  the  pestle  and  mortar. 
SUBAFFECTIO,  Hydropathia. 
SUBAGITATRIX,  Trihade. 
SUB-ATLOlDEUS.  Infra-alloideui,,  (F.)  Sout- 
atloidieii.     That   which   is   situate    beneath   the 


SUB-AXOIDEUS 


877 


SUBLINGUAL 


atlns  or  first  cervical  vertebra.  Chaussier  has 
given  this  name  to  the  second  pair  of  cervical 
nerves. 

SUB-AXOifDEUS,  Infra-axoideus,  (F.)  SoM- 
a.rovlieii.  Tliat  which  is  below  the  axis  or  ver- 
tebra ilciitiitd.  Chaussier  has  given  this  name  to 
the  third  pnir  of  cervical  nerves. 

SUIJAZOTAS  BISMUTICUS,  Bismuth,  sub- 
nitrate  of. 

SUBBOllAS  NATRICUM,  Borax. 
SUBCARTILAGINEUM,  llyi.ochondre. 
SU]5CLA'VIAN,  Subdu'vinn,  Subc/avicida'ns, 
from  mib,  and  cUivln,  '  the  clavicle'     That  which 
is  under  the  clavicle. 

Sl'BCLAVlAN  Ahteries,  (F.)  Arteres  Hons-cla- 
viires,  are  situate  at  the  upjier  part  of  the  chest, 
and  the  lateral  and  lower  T)arts  of  the  neck. 
The  rigiit  arises  at  the  corresponding  side  of  the 
trachea,  and  comes  otf  from  the  arteria  innomi- 
nata  or  brachio-eephalic  trunk.  The  left  leaves 
the  aorta  at  the  end  of  the  arch.  Both  extend 
a?  far  as  the  superior  surface  of  the  first  rib,  in 
tlie  space  between  the  scaleni  muscles,  beyond 
which  they  take  the  name  axillai-y  arteries. 
The  subclavian  arteries  run,  for  some  distance, 
without  sending  off  any  branch.  In  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  the  first  rib,  however,  they  give  off, 

1.  UpwKrds,  the  vertebral  and  inferior  th)/roide((/. 

2.  Dowvioardn,  the  inlernnl  mammary  and  supe- 
rior iiHercastal.  3.  Oiitwardi,  the  transverse  cer- 
vicid  or  posterior  scapular,  the  siip/erior  scapular, 
and  the  posterior  cervical  or  profunda. 

Subclavian  or  Subclavius  Muscle,  Subcla- 
via'nus,,  (F.)  Costo-claviculaire  (Ch.),'  Sous-cla- 
vier, is  situate  at  the  superior  and  anterior  part 
of  the  chest.  It  is  attached,  by  its  inner  extre- 
mity, to  the  superior  surface  of  the  cartilage  of 
the  first  rib;  and  by  its  superior  margin  and 
outer  extremity  to  the  inferior  surface  of  the 
clavicle.  This  muscle  depresses  the  clavicle,  and 
carries  it  forward.  When  the  shoulder  is  fixed, 
it  can  raise  the  first  rib. 

Suboi-avian  Veins,  (F.)  Veines  sous-clavih-es, 
are  continuations  of  the  axilhiry,  and  extend  from 
the  inferior  extremity  of  the  scalenus  anticus,  in 
front  of  which  they  pass,  to  the  vena  cava  supe- 
rior, which  they  form  by  their  union.  The  right 
subclavian  vein  is  very  short;  the  left,  longer 
and  broader.  These  veins  receive  the  mouths  of 
the  inlernnl  and  external  jugulars,  vertebral  and 
superior  intercostal.  The  left  subclavian  receives 
two  veins  more  than  the  right, — the  left  internal 
mammary  and  left  inferior  thyroid.  The  thora- 
cic duct  opens  into  the  left  subclavian  : — the  cor- 
responding great  lymphatic  vessel  into  the  right. 

SUBCLAVIC'ULA,  from  sub,  and  clavicula, 
'the  clavicle.'     The  first  rib. 

SUBCLAVICULAIIIS,  Subclavian. 

SUBCLAYIUS,  Subclavian  muscle. 

SUBCRUEN'TUS,  'somewhat  bloody;'  from 
sub,  and  cruentus,  'bloody;'  Hyphcp'mos.  That 
which  has  the  colour  and  nature  of  blood.  An 
epithet  given  to  certain  excreted  substances,  which 
are  mixed  with  blood,  or  have  the  appearance  of 
blood. 

SUBCRURiET.  see  Cruneus. 

SUBCnTA'NE0US,»i(6<'»/r<'»e»8,from«i(J,and 
cniis,  '  the  skin  ;'  Intercuta'neus,  (F.)  Sous-cntane. 
That  which  is  placed  immediately  under  the  skin. 

Subcutaneoijs  Section,  Hypodermatomy. 

SdiiciiTANEiTS  Colli,  Superficialis  colli  —  s. 
MaliU  (Nervus).  Orbitar  nerve. 

SUBnKLIRIU.M,  Tvpbomania. 

SUB'DITA,  Subditlf'ia,  from  subdere,  (sub, 
and  dare,)  'to  |)Ut  under;'  Pros'theta.  Medicines 
introduced  into  some  one  of  the  natural  aper- 
tures;—  as  su]ipositories,  pessaries,  Ac. 

SUBDrTll'IA.  Subdita. 

SUBDUCTIO,  Dejection. 


SUEER,  ro/Z-.-— the  bark  of  the  Qnercvs  Suher 
or  Corh  Tree,  (F.)  Lifye.  Family,  AmentaceiC. 
Sex.  Syit.  Moncecia  Polyandria.  Cork,  when 
burnt,  is  applied  as  a  mechanical  styptic  to 
bleeding  piles,  &c.  Surgeons  use  it  for  making 
tents;  and  it  has  been  recommended  to  be  worn 
as  an  amulet  to  suppress  the  secretion  of  milk  ! 

SUBETH,  Coma. 

SUBFRONTA'LIS  SUTU'RA,  from  sub,  and 
frons, froutis,  'the  forehead.'  A  suture  resulting 
from  the  articulation  of  the  os  frontis  with  the 
nasal  process  of  the  superior  maxillary  bone,  and 
the  proper  bones  of  the  nose. 

SUBGRONDA  TION,  Depression. 

SUBHUMERATIO,  Catomismos. 

SUBIGITATRTX,  Tribas. 

SUBINFLAMMATIO,  Subinflammation  —  s. 
Hepatis,  Hepatitis,  chronic. 

S  U  B  IN  F  L  A  M  M  A'TION,  Subinfamma'tio, 
from  sub,  and  injlaiiimatio.  Inflammutiiiu'cula, 
HypophhijuKt'sia.  A  mild  degree  of  inflamuia- 
tion,  so  slight  as  hardly  to  deserve  the  name  in- 
Jlanimatioii.  Broussais  understood  by  the  term, 
an  augmentation  in  the  vital  phenomena  of  the 
vessels  that  convey  white  blood.  There  are,  how- 
ever, no  such  vessels.  Lymphatic  engorgements, 
scrofula,  herpes,  and  cancer  he  considered  subin- 
flatnrnations. 

SUBINTRAN'TES  FEBRES,  from  sub,  and 
intrare,  'to  enter.'  Comniunican' tes febres.  Fevers 
primarily  intermittent,  whose  paroxysms  approxi- 
mate, so  tliat  one  paroxysm  begins  before  tliat 
which  preceded  it  has  gone  through  its  stages. — 
L.  Bellini. 

SUBJECTIVE  SEXSATIONS,  see  Sensation. 

SUBJEE.  Bangue. 

SUBLIGACULUM,  Truss. 

SUBLIGATURA,  Truss. 

SUBLIM AMENTUM,  Enaoreraa. 

SUBLIMATE,  CORROSIVE,  Hydrargyri 
oxvniurias. 

SUBLIMA'TION,  Sublima'tio,  Ifeteoris'mus, 
Hypso'sis,  from  stihlimis,  'exalted.'  An  operation 
by  which  dry  and  solid  matters  are  volatilized 
and  condensed  at  the  upper  part  of  a  subliming 
apparatus.  Calomel,  sal  ammoniac,  Ac,  arc  con:- 
monly  obtained  by  sublimation.  The  product  of 
sublimation  is  a  Sub'limate  Subliviu'tum,  (F.) 
SvblimL 

SUBLIMATUM  CORROSIVUM,  Hydrargyri 
oxymurias. 

SUBLIMATUS  CORROSIVUS,  Hydrargyri 
oxymurias. 

'SUBLLME,  Sublimis. 

SUBLIME,  Enajorema,  Sublimate  — «.  Corro- 
sif,  Hvdrargvri  oxymurias. 

"SU'LLI'MiS,  (F.)  Sublime,  'high,  elevated, 
superficial.'  Anatomists  have  given  the  name 
sublimis  to  certain  muscles,  which  are  situate 
more  superficially  than  their  kindred  niusclcs. 
These  last  they  have  called  profundi.  Of  the  for- 
mer, the  ilvx'ir  sublimis  diijilorum.  is  an  example. 

The  French  use  the  term  respiration  sublime 
for  the  respiration  which  is  acccunpanied  by  con- 
siderable elevation  of  the  ribs,  and  with  separa- 
tion of  the  ala>  nasi  at  the  time  of  inspiration. 

SUBLINGUA,  Uvula. 

SUBLIN'GUAL,  Sublln,jua'lis,  (F.)  Souslin- 
(jual,  from  std>,  and  lingua,  'the  tongue.'  That 
which  is  seated  under  the  tongue. 

Sublingual  Artery,  with  some,  is  the  Lin- 
gual. With  others,  it  is  a  branch  given  off  by 
the  lingual  opposite  the  genio-glossus  muscle, 
which  is  distributed  particularly  to  the  sublingual 
gland,  to  the,mylo-hyoid,  and  genio-glossus  mus- 
cles, Ac. 

Sublingual  Gland,  Glan'dtda  sullingua'lis 
seu  Ilartholiuia'na  seu  Liiciuia'na,  is  seated  in 
the  substance  of  the  inferior  paries  of  the  mouth. 


SUBLINGUIUM 


SUBSCAPULAR 


beneath  the  anterior  part  of  the  tonn;ue.  It  is  j 
smaller  than  the  subiniixillary,  of  which  it  fre- 
quently seems  to  be  only  a  prolongation.  It  is 
oblong,  flattened,  amygdaloid,  and  is  covered  by 
tiie  niuoous  membrane  of  the  mouth,  beneath 
>vhieh  it  projects.  This  gland  has  10  or  12  ex- 
cretory ducts  —  Ductus  Riviuia'in  seu  ]V<dthe- 
riu'ui — some  of  which  open  beneath  the  fraenum 
lingua;,  joining  Wharton's  duct,  whilst  others 
pierce  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  mouth  sepa- 
rately. It  has  the  same  structure  as  the  parotid. 
SUBLINGUIUM,  Uvula. 
SUBLINGUUM,  Epiglottis. 
SUBLOB'ULAR,  .S',(6/o/'»('(«V/s;  from  euh,  and 
hthuH,  'a  lobe,'  lohulus,  'a  little  lobe.'  That  which 
is  placed  under  a  lobe. 

SuBLOBULAR  Veins  of  the  Liver.  The  veins 
in  which  the  intra-lobular  veins  terminate.  By 
their  union,  the  sublobular  veins  form  the  hepatic 
veins. 

SUBLUXATIO,  Sprain. 

SUBMAM'MARY,  Submamma'rius,  (F.)  Sous- 
mnmmaire,  from  sub,  and  mamma,  'the  breast.' 
Under  the  mamma  or  breast;  — hence,  ' submam- 
luary  inflammation,'  inflammation  of  the  areolar 
ti.*suc  beneath  the  mamma. 

SUBMAX'ILLARY,  SubmaxUla'rh,  Iii/ra- 
waxilla'ria,  (F.)  Soua-majcillaire,  from  sub,  and 
maxilla,  '  the  jaw.'  That  which  is  seated  beneath 
the  jaw. 

Submaxillary  Ganglion  is  a  small  nervous 
ganglion,  situate  opposite  the  gland.  It  seems 
to  be  formed  by  the  superior  branch  of  the  Vidian 
nerve,  and  communicates  with  the  lingual  nerve 
of  the  inferior  maxillary.  Its  filaments  form  a 
plexus  wliich  penetrates  the  submaxillary  gland. 

Submaxillary  Gland,  Max'iUary  Gland,  Hy- 
2)0()U(ilh'a(leu,  IIijp<>aial'adeu,\s,  a  salivary  gland, 
less  than  the  parotid,  seated  at  the  inner  side  of 
the  ramus  and  body  of  the  inferior  maxillary 
bone,  in  the  triangular  space  between  the  two 
bellies  of  the  digastricus.  Irregularly  ovoid, 
and  flattened  on  three  surfaces,  it  has  the  same 
aspect  and  organization  as  the  other  salivary 
glands.  Its  excretory  duct  is  called  Wharton's 
JJuct,  and  terminates  at  the  side  of  the  fraenum 
lingua',  by  a  very  small  orifice.  It  is  also  called 
Ductus  inferior. 

SUBMEN'TAL,  Suhmeuta'Us,  (F.)  Sousmental, 
from  sub,  and  mentum,  'the  chin.'  Situate  under 
the  chin. 

Submental  Artery  is  furnished  by  the  facial, 
near  the  base  of  the  jaw.  It  passes  forwards 
along  the  attachment  of  the  mylo-hyoideus,  to 
which  it  furnishes  branches  that  cross  it  to  anas- 
tomose with  those  of  the  sublingual.  Near  the 
median  line  it  bifurcates,  to  be  distributed  to  the 
chin  and  muscles  of  the  infra-hyoid  region. 

Submental  Vein,  which  accompanies  the 
artery,  opens  into  the  labial. 

SUBMERSION,  Suhmer'sio,  from  aub,  and 
merijpre,  mersum,  'to  plunge.'  The  act  of  plung- 
ing, or  being  entirely  plunged,  in  a  liquid. 

Asphyxia  by  submersion,  A.  Immerso'rum, 
Drowning,  is  not  owing  to  a  certain  quantity  of 
liquid  being  introduced  into  the  alimentary  or 
air-passages;  but  simply  to  the  interception  of 
air,  and  of  the  respiratory  phenomena.  It  is  a 
case  of  suffocation,  the  signs  of  which,  on  dis- 
section, are  equivocal,  without  circumstantial 
evidence. 

SUBMISSIO,  Remission  — s.  Cordis,  Bystole. 

SUBMU'COUS,  Suhmuco'sus;  from  sub,  and 
mucus.  Under  a  mucous  membrane, — as  the 
'submucous  areolar  tissue.' 

RUBMURIAS  AMMONIACO-HYDRARGY- 
RICU.^,  Hydrargyrum  praecipitatum. 

SUBMUS'CULAR,  Submuscula'ris;  from  sub, 


and  musculus,  'a  muscle.'  Seated  beneath  mus- 
cles or  a  muscular  laver. 

SUBOCCIP'H'AL"  Suboccipita'lis;  from  sub, 
and  occiput.  That  which  is  situated  under  tlit 
occiput. 

SuBorcip'iTAL  Nerve,  Occipital  nerve. 

SUBOR'BITAR,  Suborbita'rius,  In/ra-or'bitar, 
lufra-oroita'lis,  Infra-orbita' riiis,  (F.)  S<ius-orbi- 
taire,  from  sub,  and  orbita,  '  tlie  orbit.'  That 
which  is  seated  beneath  the  orbitar  cavity. 

SlBOHBITAR  AliTKRY,  Jnfra-orbitar  A.,  pro- 
ceeds from  the  internal  maxillary,  from  which  it 
separates  near  the  anterior  and  superior  part  (jf 
the  zygomatic  fossa.  It  enters  the  infra-orbitar 
canal,  and  passes  through  it,  giving  branches  to 
the  anterior  and  superior  dental  canal  ;Mssues  by 
the  foramen  infra-orbitarium  ;  and  divides,  in  the 
fossa  canina,  into  a  number  of  branches,  which 
lose  themselves  in  the  neighbouring  parts.  Tlio 
infra-orbitar  vein  follows  the  same  course. 

SUBOKBITAR  CanAL,  Infra-orbitar  Canal,  (F.) 
Canal  ou  Conduit  sous-oibitaire,  is  a  small  canal, 
which  runs  obliquely  through  the  substance  of 
the  inferior  paries  of  the  orbit.  It  begins,  behind, 
by  a  simple  gutter,  and  divides,  anteriorly,  into 
two  branches,  one  of  which  descends  into  the 
anterior  paries  of  the  maxillary  sinus,  whilst  the 
other  passes  out,  in  the  canine  fossa,  by  an  ori- 
fice, called  Foranien-infra-orbitarium,  (F.)  Tron 
sous-orhituire.  The  infra-orbitar  artery  and  nervo 
pass  along  it. 

SuBOHBiTAR  Fissure,  Infra-orbitar  Fissure, 
Fissii'ra  infra-orbita' lis,  liima  cana'lis  orbita'rii. 
A  fissure  in  the  superior  maxillary  bone;  the 
superior  commencement  of  the  suborbitar  canal. 

SuBORBiTAU  Fossa,  Canine  fossa. 

Suborbitar  Nkrves,  Infra-orbitar  Nerves, 
seem  to  terminate  the  superior  maxillary.  They 
issue  from  the  infra-orbitar  canal  by  the  foramen 
of  the  same  name,  and  spread  out  in  a  radiated 
manner  in  the  fossa  canina,  to  divide  into  superior 
or  }>(ilj>ebrftl  flmiients,  inferior  or  labial,  internal 
or  nasal,  and  exteru(d  or  buccal. 

SUBPERITONE'AL,  Subperitonea'lis;  from 
sub.  and  peritoneum.  That  which  lies  under  the 
peritoneum. 

Subperitoneal  Aponeurosis,  Fascia,  subpe- 
ritoneal—  s.  Ganglia,  see  Spermatic  ganglion. 

SUBPLACENTA,  Decidua  membrana. 

SUBPOPLIT^US,  Poplitanis  muscle. 

SUBPUBIC  ARCH,  Arcus  subpu'bicus,  from 
sub,  and  pubis.  A  strong  arch  of  the  superior 
pelvic  aponeurosis,  which  completes  the  posterior 
orifice  of  the  obturator  or  subpubic  canal. 

Subpubic  Membrane,  Obturator  membrane. 

SUBPUBIO-FEMORALIS,  Abductor  brevis 
—  s.  Prostaticus,  Compressor  prostatas. 

SUBPURATIO,  Suppuration. 

SUBPUTRIS,  Hvposaprus. 

SUBSCAP'ULAR,  Subscapula'ris,  (F.)  .S'oxg- 
seapulaire,  tSous-scapnlo-trochinien,  from  sub,  and 
scapula,  'the  shoulder-blade.'  That  which  is  be- 
neath the  scapula. 

Subscapular  Fossa,  Fossa  Subscapula'ris. 
A  considerable  excavation  at  the  anterior  surface 
or  venter  of  the  scapula,  in  which  the  subscapu- 
laris  is  seated. 

Subscapular  Muscle,  Subscapula'ris  Mnsc'e, 

Immer'sus,  Infra-scapula' ris,  (F.)  Sous-seajmlo- 
trochinien  (Ch.),  Porte-feuille,  M uscle-sous-seapu - 
laire.  A  muscle  situate  in  the  above-mentioned 
fossa.  It  is  flat,  broad,  and  triangular;  is  at- 
tached, by  its  base,  to  the  .subseapulary  fossa  and 
to  the  anterior  lip  of  the  edge  of  the  sjiine  of  the 
scapula,  and  is  inserted  into  the  lesser  tuberosity 
of  the  humerus.  It  carries  the  arm  in  rotation 
inwards.  It  can  also  depress  it,  and  bring  it 
towards  the  body. 
Subscap'olar  Nerves   are  two  in   number. 


SUBSEROUS 


879 


SUCCOTASH 


One  arises  from  the  brachial  plexus    above  the  I 
clavicle  ;   the  other  from  the  posterior  aspect  of 
the    plexus    within    the    axilla.      They    are   dis- 
tributeil  to  the  subscapularis  muscle. 

SUBS  10' 110 US,  Siibiero'iiiiH  ;  from  sub,  and 
teroiis.  Under  a  serous  membrane, — as  the  '«u6- 
sr.riiitH  areohir  tissue.' 

SUHSIDENTIA,  .Sediment. 

SCnSTAXCE  KMAILLEE  DBS  DENTS, 
Enamel  of  the  teeth  — s.  Horny,  see  Tooth. 

SUBSTANCE,  HYALINE,  Cytoblastema  — s. 
Intercellular,  Cytoblastema  —  ».  Vitree  ilea  Dents, 
Enamel  of  the  teeth. 

Sl'bstancb,  WiiiTK,  OP  Schwann.  A  hollow 
eyliniler  within  the  tubular  nervous  fibre,  which 
differs  in  composition  and  refracting  power  from 
the  matter  tliat  occupies  the  centre  of  the  tube. 

SUBSTANTIA  ADAMANTINA  DENTlUiM, 
Enamel. 

SubSTAn'tiA  FhkruOIn'ea,  Locus  eiue'revs. 
An  ash  coloured  substance,  produced  by  the  ex- 
).-tence  of  well  marked  pigmentary  matter  in  the 
floor  of  the  fourth  ventricle  or  rliornboid  fosna. 

Substantia  Filamkntosa  Dkntium,  Enamel — 
8.  (jrisea  Centralis,  see  Medulla  spinalis — s.  Hy- 
nlina,  Cytoblastema  —  .s.  Nigra  pedunculi,  see 
Peduncles  of  the  brain  —  s.  Ossea  dentium,  see 
Tooth  —  s.  Ostoidea,  see  Tooth  —  s.  Perforata  an- 
terior, Locus  perforatus  anticus. 

Substant'ia  Pkrfoka'ta  Mk'dia.  When  the 
pia  mater  has  been  removed  from  the  space  be- 
tween the  crura  cerebri,  termed  the  intercrn'ml 
or  interpednnc'iilar,  the  surface  appears  cribri- 
form from  the  perforations  of  the  numerous 
minute  vessels  which  penetrate  it.  This  is  the 
ittb'itiui'tia  iwrfora' t<i  me'dia  of  Vicq  d'Az3'r. 

Substantia  Peuforata  Posteiuor,  see  Tarini 
pons — s.  Pulposa  Dentis,  Dental  pulp — s.  Radiata, 
Stellulas  Verlieyenii — s.  Rhomboidea,  Corpus  den- 
tatum — s.  Spongiosa  Urethrae,  Corpus  spongiosum 
urethrre  —  s.  Stellata  serpentina,  Stelluhe  Vor- 
heyenii  — s.  Vitrea  dentium,  Enamel  of  the  teeth 
—  s.  Vitrea,  Cytoblastema  —  s.  Vitrea  dentium, 
Enamel. 

SUB'STANTIVE,  Snbstanfi'rus  ;  from  svb- 
slrire,  (sub,  and  store,)  '  to  stand  under  or  subsist.' 
An  epithet  applied  by  Dr.  Paris  to  aliments  which 
are  nutritious,  in  contradistinction  to  adjective 
aliments,  which  are  themselves  not  possessed  of 
nutritive  virtues,  but  impart  to  the  digestive  or- 
gans greater  energy,  so  as  to  enable  them  to  ex- 
tract more  nutriment  from  the  substantive  ali- 
ments. Meat,  for  example,  is  a  substitutive 
aliment:  the  condiment,  as  mustard,  eaten  with 
it,  iin  (iiljrctire  aliment. 

SUBSTILLUM,  Stillieidium. 

SUBSULTIO,  Palpitation. 

SUBSUL'TUS  TEN'DINUM,  Snltus  ten'di- 
num,  Olnnus  subsultus,  Suhsu/tus,  Crirp/i'do(/"ia 
spiismnd'icrt.  ^fi/npril'iuus,  Twitchinrj  of  the  Ten- 
dons, (F. )  Soiibresaut,  from  subsllio,  subsidtuni, 
{sub  nnd  snfio,)  '  to  make  short  leaps.'  Twitch- 
ing, communicated  to  the  tendons  by  the  iuvo- 
liintary  and  instantaneous  contraction  of  the 
muscular  fibres.  It  is  more  observable  at  the 
wrist  than  elsewhere;  and  is  an  evidence  of  great 
cerebral  irritability,  and  debility,  when  it  occurs 
at  an  advanced  period  of  fever. 

The  muscular  agitations  or  twitchings  observed 
in  febrile  diseases,  especially  of  children,  have 
been  termed  Couvulsibil'it'is,  Sclerottjr'be  febri'lis, 
and  frri/iibi/'it'is  morbo'sa. 

SUBSURDITAS.  Deafness. 

SUBU'BERES.    from    sub,    and    vhern,    'the 
breasts.'      /ii/'aii'tes    suijcu'trs.    Sucking    chi/dreii.  I 
Infants    at    the    breast,    in    contradistinction    to 
Eru'beres,  aKoyaXaKTOi,  or  those  which  have  been  [ 
Treaued.  I 


SURUN'GUIAL,  Subuu't/mil,  Subuu'guicnJ, 
(F.)  Sniis-uni/eiile,  from  sub,  and  uixjuis,  'a  nail.' 
Belonging  to  parts  under  the  nail;  —  as  subuu- 
guiul  ej-ostosis,  (F.)  Exostose  aous-uiiiieale,  an  ex- 
ostosis under  the  nail  of  the  great  toe  es|)ecially. 

SUBVERSIO  STOMACUI,  Vomiturition. 

SUBVERTEBRA,  Sacrum. 

SUBVERTEBRUM,  Sacrum. 

SUBVOLA,  Hypothenar. 

sue,  Succus  — ».  de  Citron,  see  Citrus  medica 
— *.  Giistrique,  Gastric  juice — *.  de  Kiuo,  Kino — 
s.  Medulldire,  Marrow  —  s.  du  Liinoii,  see  Citrus 
medica — s.  Nourricier,  Liquor  sanguinis — s.  Pau- 
creatique,  see  Pancreas. 

SUCCA'GO,  from  succns,  'juice.'  The  inspis- 
sated juice  of  plants;  robs,  jellies,  &c. 

SUGCEDANE,  Succedaneum. 

SUCCEDA'NEUM,  Suecida'neum,  Substilu'- 
tum,  Autib'iHoru'euum,  Surroijii'tum,  Antoubol- 
lom'euum,  Quid  pro  quo,  from  succedere,  (sub, 
and  cedere,}  'to  go  under,  to  come  in  place  of 
another.'  (F.)  Succedoni.  An  epithet  for  medi- 
cines that  may  he  substituted  for  others  pussess- 
ing  similar  properties.  Also,  used,  in  dentistry, 
for  an  amalgam  for  filling  teeth. 

SUCCENTURIA'TUS,  from  suecenfurinre, 
(«i(i,  and  centuriii,)  'to  supjdy  a  soldier  to  fill  a 
vacancy;'  and  hence,  'to  substitute  or  put  in  the 
room  of  That  which  is  a  substitute  for  another; 
as  Renes  succeiituriati,  Ventriculus  succeuturia- 
tus,  &c. 

SUCCIIAR,  Saecharum. 

SUCCIDANEUM,  Succedaneum. 

SUCCIN,  Succinum. 

SUCCINCTURA,  Diaphragm. 

SUCCINCTUS,  Diaphragm. 

SUCCINI  RESINA,  Musk,  artificial. 

SUCCIN'IC  ACID,  Ac"idum  Snc'ciui,  A.Sue, 
ciu'icum,  Acor  Succin'eus,  Snl  Succini,  Snl  vo- 
Idt'ile  Succini,  has  been  considered  antispasmodiu 
and  diaphoretic,  in  the  dose  of  from  five  to  twenty 
grains. 

SUCCINUM,  Elec'trum,  Ambra,  Ambrnm,  Am- 
par,  Bereni'ce,  Amber,  Yell uxo  Amber,  (F.)  Surciii, 
Ambre  jaune,  fi'om  succus,  'juice,'  because  at  one 
time  supposed  to  exude  from  a  tree.  This  kind 
of  fossil  resin,  which  is  found  on  the  shores  of  the 
Baltic,  is  composed  of  a  resinous  matter,  of  essen- 
tial oil,  and  an  acid  siii  (/eueris.  It  is  inodorous, 
except  when  heated  or  rubbed  :  insipid  ;  in  frag- 
ments of  a  pale  golden-yellow  colour,  transpa- 
rent, and  has  a  shining  lustre.  S.  g.  1"08;  inso- 
luble in  water,  and  slightly  acted  on  by  alcohol. 
It  is  used  for  affording  its  essential  oil  —  the 
O'leuni  seu  Bal'snmum  Suc'cini,  (F.)  Iluih  de 
Succin.  This  oil  possesses  stimulant,  antispas- 
modic, diuretic,  and  rubefacient  properties. 

The  O'leum  Suc'cini  rectijicn'tum,  Rerlified  OH 
of  Amber,  is  made  as  follows  : — Oil  of  Amber,  Oj  ; 
writer,  Ovj.  Mix  in  a  glass  retort,  and  distil  until 
Oiv  of  the  water  have  passed  with  the  oil  into  the 
receiver;  separate  the  oil  from  the  water,  and 
keep  it  in  well-stopped  bottles.— (Ph.  U.  S.) 

The  White  amber,  Leucelec'tnim,  (F.)  Ambre 
bliinc,  is  a  variety. 

Succinum  Cinereum,  Ambergris  —  s.  Griseum, 
Ambergris. 

SUCCION,  Sucking. 

SUCCISA,  Scabiosa  succisa  —  s.  Pratensis,  S. 
succisa. 

SUCCOCOLLATA,  Chocolate. 

SUCCOLATA,  Chocolate. 

SUCCORY,  WILD,  Cichoriura  intybus,  Chi- 
ronia  ansrularis. 

SUCCOTASH,  Suck'atash.  A  term  of  Indian 
derivation.  A  favorite  dish  in  Neiv  England, 
formed  of  green  Indian  corn  and  beans  boiled 
together. 


SUCCUBUS 


880 


SUDOIIIFIC 


SUCCUBUS,  from  snh,  and  chare,  'to  lio.' 
Some  authors  have  used  this  word  synonymously 
with  nightmare.  Others  mean  by  it  a  female 
phantom,  with  which  a  man  in  his  sleep  may  be- 
lieve he  has  intercourse;  —  as  Incuhus  has  been 
applied  to  the  male  phantom,  with  which  a  female 
may  dream  she  is  similarly  situate. 

SUCCUS,  CliyhiH,  Opon,  Opia'ma,  Chi/Iis'ma, 
Eifhylo'ina,  Apotliliiii'm't,  Juice,  (F.)  Sue,  from 
suijeie,  suctinn,  'to  su(di.'  The  fluid  obtained  by 
pressing  plants,  flesh,  &c.;  S'uccks  expren'mif, 
Opole  (ofiicinal),  Opolide  (magistral),  according 
to  Chereau.  It  is,  also,  applied  to  certain  animal 
fluids,  as  5.  GiiRtrieHu,  Ac. 

SiicciTS  Acacia  Geumanick  Inspissatus,  sec 
Prunus  spinosa — s.  Acaciae  nostratis,  see  Prunus 
spinosa  —  s.  Arborum,  Sap  —  s.  Cicuta3  spissatus, 
Extractum  oonii  —  s.  Cyrenaieus,  Laserpitium. 

Succus  Enter'ici'S,  S.  Inteetina'Us,  Liquor  in- 
testiua'/is  seu  enter' icus,  lutes'tinal  Juice.  The 
fluid  copiously  secreted  from  the  lining  mem- 
brane of  the  small  intestines. 

Succus  ExPKESSUS,  Apothlimma  —  s.  Gastri- 
cus.  Gastric  juice  —  s.  Glycyrrhizae.  Extractum 
glycyrrhizte  —  s.  Ilypocistidis,  see  Cytinus  —  s. 
Intestinalis,  Succus  entericus — s.  Japonicus,  Ca- 
techu—  s.  Limonis,  see  Citrus  medica  —  s.  Liqui- 
ritiae,  Extractum  glycyrrhizte — s.  Nerveus,  Ner- 
vous fluid  —  s.  Nutritius,  Chyle  —  s.  Orni  concre- 
tus,  see  Fraxinus  ornus  —  s.  Pancreaticus,  see 
Pancreas  —  s.  Spissatus  Aconiti  Napclli,  Extrac- 
tum aconiti  —  s.  Spissatus  atropae  bclladonnae, 
Extractum  belladonnae — s.  Spissatus  conii  ma- 
culati,  Extractum  cicutae  —  s.  Spissatus  hyoscy- 
ami  nigri,  Extractum  hyoscyanii  —  s.  Spissatus 
lactuea;  saliv;r,  Extractum  lactucae. 

SUCCUS'SION,  Succuu'vio,  Hippocrat'ic  S}tc- 
cun'siou,  from  nuccutio,  succimsuiii,  («((6,  and  qua- 
tio.)  '  I  shake  from  beneath.'  A  mode  of  ascer- 
taining the  existence  of  a  fluid  in  the  thorax, 
(JluctuHtion  bi/  succuaniou,)  by  giving  the  body 
one  or  more  slight  shakes. 

SUCCUSSION,  Dallottement. 

SUCIIOK.  Saccharum. 

SUCKATASH,  Succotash. 

SUCKING,  Sue' lid,  Suet  us,  Athelx'ia,  Bdnhis, 
Jilyze'nis,  (F.)  Suceiou,  from  eurjere,  nudum,  'to 
suck.'  The  act  of  drawing  liquid  into  the  mouth, 
by  forming  a  vacuum  with  the  tongue  acting  as 
a  piston,  during  inspiration. 

Sucking  Bottle.  A  bottle  so  formed,  that, 
when  filled  with  milk,  it  can  be  sucked  from  in- 
stead of  the  breast. 

Sucking  Child,  Lnetenn.     A  suckling. 

SUCKLE,  LacUxre,  ■ya\aKToTpo(pei>i,  TtSr:(pvfiv, 
(F.)  Alltiiter  ou  Alaiter.  Same  etymon.  To 
give  suck.     To  nurse. 

SUCKLING,  Lactation,  Lonicera  periclyme- 
num.  Sucking  child. 

SUCRE,  Saccharum  —  s.  Candi,  Saccharum 
candidum  —  «.  du  F'oie,  see  Saccharum  —  «.  de 
Litit,  Sugar  of  milk  —  ».  de  Salunie,  Plumbi  su- 
peracetas  —  n.  Tors,  Penidium. 

SUCTIO,  Exsuctio,  Sucking. 

SUCTION  POWER.  The  force  exerted  on 
the  blood  in  the  veins,  by  the  active  dilatation 
of  the  heart.     See  Derivation. 

SUCTO'RIA,  from  aufjere,  mictum,  'to  suck.' 
Animals  provided  with  mouths  for  sucking.  Also, 
organs  for  sucking  or  adhesion,  —  hence  termed 
buetoriiil  —  as  'suctorial  oscula.' 

SUCTORIAL,  see  Suctoria. 

SUCTUS,  Sucking. 

SUDAM'INA,  ffi/dro'ntn,  Hidrn'tn,  Pnp'ulcB 
H'ldorii'les,  Suffer»n'rce,  AUut'sef,  Pluntn  itoclis. 
Boa,  from  sudor,  'sweat.'  Small  vesicles,  which 
appear  upon  the  skin,  especially  in  the  summer 
lime,  in  hot  countries,  and  in  diseases  attended 


with  much  sweating.  It  is  a  miliary  eruption. 
See  Miliary  fever. 

SlDAMlNA,  Dcsudatio,  Evltuuhouhircs,  Lichen 
tropicus. 

SUDARIUM.  Achicolum. 

SUDATIO,  Ephidrosis. 

SUDATIUNCULA,  Ephidrosis. 

SUDATORIA,  Jlidrosis  — s.  iMaligna,  see  Su- 
dor  Anglious. 

SUDATORIUM.  Achicolum. 

SUDATORY,  Achicolum. 

SUDOR,  'i<5,.(05,  Ilidros,  (F.)  Sueur,  'sweat.' 
The  product  of  cutaneous  transpiration,  when 
visible  on  the  surface  of  the  body.  It  is  colour- 
less ;  of  an  odour  more  or  less  strong  and  vari- 
able; and  of  a  saline  taste.  It  is  composed,  ac- 
cording to  Berzelius,  of  water,  lactic  acid,  laolate 
of  soda  united  with  a  little  animal  matter,  chlo- 
ride of  sodium,  and  a  little  chloride  of  potassium, 
an  atom  of  earthy  phosphate,  and  some  oxyd  of 
iron. 

SuDon,  Miliary  fever. 

Sudor  An'glicus,  Hidrmt'osni,  Hidrop'yra, 
Hidropyr'etoH,  Fehris  seu  Ifilid'ris  sudolo'ria, 
Sudor  niilia'ris,  3/orbns  sudotoriuf,  Ephetu'era 
maliy'un  seu  sudatoria  seu  Ilritau'nica  seu  Au'- 
glica  pes'tileus,  Pestis  Britanuiea,  Sudato'ria 
maliy'nn,  Snienting  Sickness,  Sivecxtinc)  Fever,  (P.) 
Suette,  S.  Miliare,  S.  fpid^un'que,  Sueur  Anijiaise, 
A  very  severe  epidemic  disease,  characterized  by 
profuse  sweating,  which  appeared  in  England  in 
1486  ;  and  recurred,  at  different  times,  until  about 
the  middle  of  the  16th  century.  It  was  accom- 
panied with  coldness,  excessive  prostration  of 
strength,  palpitation,  frequency  and  incijmility 
of  the  pulse,  <fec.,  and  terminated  favourably  or 
unfavourably  in  the  course  of  24  hours.  The 
French  have  given  the  name  Suetth  dk  Picau- 
DIE,  Suette  des  Picnrds,  Fievre  suaute ;  3/ilinris 
sudatoria.  Sudor  Picard'icus,  to  an  epidemic  dis- 
ease, which  has  appeared  several  times  in  that 
province;  the  principal  symptoms  of  which  were 
[irofuse  sweats  and  a  miliary  eruption.  The  dis- 
ease recurred  in  1821,  and  has  been  described,  at 
length,  by  M.  Rayer,  who  ccmsiders  it  to  consist 
of  a  simultaneous  state  of  inflammation  of  various 
tissues;  and  proposes  to  class  it  with  variola, 
scarlatina,  and  measles. 

A  form  of  it,  in  which  the  perspiration  was  of 
a  black  colour,  was  called  Sudor  Au'ql 


u  ylit 


naje 


3fel(nie})ln'dro'sis,  Black  EiiijUsh  Sweatiiiij  sick- 
ness or  fever. 

Sudor  Colliquativus,  S.  Profusus. 

Sudor  Cuuen'tus.  S.  saurjuiu'eus,  Hmmntidro'- 
sis,  Hcemathidro'sis,  Ejdiidro'sis  crueu'ta,  Ilmiiior- 
rh<iij"ia  per  Cutem,  (F.)  Heniatidrose,  Sueur  de 
Sang;  Sweating  of  blood,  Blood ij  siveat,  IJem'- 
orrhage  from  the  skin.  Cutaneous  perspiration 
intermixed  with  blood:  —  a  very  uncomuHm  af- 
fection. 

Sudor  Dulcis,  Saccha rorrhne' a  cutn'nea,  Eplii- 
dro'sis  sacchara'ta.  A  discharge  of  saccharine 
matter  by  perspiration. 

Sudor  Localis,  Meridrosis  —  s.  Miliaris,  Mili- 
ary fever,  Sudor  Anglicus  —  s.  Partialis,  Meri- 
drosis. 

Sudor  Profu'.sus,  S.  Colliquuti'vus.  A  pro- 
fuse or  immoderate  sweat. 

Sudor  Sanguineus,  Sudor  cruentus  —  s.  Uni- 
versalis, Panhidrosis. 

SUDORIFER,  Sudoriferous,  Sudorific. 

SUDORIF'EROUS,  Sudor'ifer.  H,/dropJ,'orus, 
from  sudor,  and/ero,  'I  carry.'  That  which  car- 
ries sweat,  as  the  sudoriferous  ducts  or  glands. 

SUDORIF'IC,  Sndorificim,  Sudor'ifer,  Hl- 
drot'icum,  Hidrotc' rium,  Hldrolopie'nni,  Ilidro- 
poet'icum,  (F.)  Sudorifique,  from  sudor,  and  /'aci'o, 
'I  make.'  A  medicine  which  provokes  sweating. 
See  Diaphoretic. 


SUDORIPAROUS 


881 


SULCUS 


Fonn  SiiDoniFic  Woods,  Qnat'uor  Ugna  nudo- 
rifica,  were,  U>Tini:r\y,fjii<iiaciim, perfumed  cherry, 
tarHiipiirillti,  and  miHHafras. 

SUD<)KIPAHOU.S,"see  Perspiration. 
SUDORIS    ^;ULLITAS,    Anidrosis  —  s.    Pri- 
vatio,  Anidrosis  —  s.  Suppressio,  Ischidrosis. 
SUKT,  Sevum. 

SUETTE,  Sudor  Anglicus  —  «.  E}-iidemique, 
Sudor  Anjjlicus  —  ».  Midnire,  Sudor  Arifrlicus  — 
s.  de  Piciirdie,  Sudor  picardicus — «.  des  Ficarda, 
Sudor  picardicus. 

SUKUR,  Sudor  —  «.  Anyfm'se,  Sudor  Arglicus 
•^a,  d'E-rpreinion,  Expression,  sweat  of — a.  de 
jS'iHjr,  Di'ipedesis,  Sudor  cruentus  —  a.  Urineuae, 
Uriilrosis. 

SUFFERSUR^.,  Sudamina. 

SUFFIMHN,  Sufliuientum. 

SUFFI.MEXT'UM,  llnpocrtpnix'ma,  Svffi'men, 
Thyiitiii'nifi,  Siijffi'tux,  SiiJJ'ii>iii</n'tio,  Suffioniga'- 
tioii,  (F.)  Parfiun ;  from  ixjfio,  'I  perfume.'  A 
perfume:  siifl'umige;  fumigation. 

SUFFITIO,  Fumigation. 

SUFFITUS,  Fumigation,  Suffimentum. 

SIJFFLATIO,  Puffiness. 

SUFFOCATIO,  Suffocation,  Orthopnoea  — s. 
Hypochoudriaca,  llypochondriasis^s.  Hysterica, 
Angone  —  s.  Stridula,  Cynanche  trachealis  —  s. 
Uterina,  Angone. 

SUFFOCA'TION,  Siiffocnth,  Prfffoca'tw, 
Apopnix'ix,  Aaphij.c' ia,  3ftt<nice'mfi,  from  mih,  and 
fal.r,  pl./«i/'e*,  '  tlic  jaws.'  Death,  or  suspended 
animation  from  impeded  respiration,  whether 
caused  by  the  inJialatiou  of  imxiona  guaea,  droimi- 
iiig,  hanging,  atrnngliug,  or  anwthering.  The  prin- 
cipal morbid  appearances  in  such  oases  are:  — 
the  lungs  of  a  deep-blue  colour,  with  the  blood 
extravasated  in  tiie  air-cells;  right  auricle  and 
ventricle  filled  with  dark  blood,  as  well  as  the 
neighbouring  veins;  lividity  of  the  countenance, 
turgescenco,  and,  perhaps,  rupture  of  the  vessels 
of  the  brain. 

Treatment  of  anapended  animation  hy  aiiffncation 
■in  general.  'Ihe  patient  must  be  conveyed  into 
a  room  not  too  warm.  Blood-letting  must  be 
used,  if  at  all,  with  caution  :  —  friction  must  be 
employed  with  salt,  or  warm  flannels  ;  stimulating 
fluids,  in  a  dilute  state,  be  j)oured  into  the  sto- 
mach by  means  of  a  tube,  and  attempts  be  made 
to  inflate  the  lungs.     Laryngotomy,  if  necessary. 

Sl'FFOCATIOM,  Pnigopho'bia,  (F.)  Etoiiffcment, 
is  used,  as  alrnnrjling  is,  for  threatened  siitfoca- 
tion.  It  means  the  state  of  dyspnoea  and  oppres- 
sion e.xperienced  when  a  sufficient  quantity  of  air 
does  not  enter  the  lungs,  or  when  the  chemical 
phenomena  of  respiration  are  imperfectly  exe- 
cuted ;  as  in  cases  of  asthma. 

SUFFOCATION  UTMIUNE,  Angone,  Hys- 
teria. 

SUFFRAGO,  Poplcs. 

SUFFUMKIATION,  Suffimentum. 

SUFFl'.MIGK.  Sutfinu-nfum. 

SUFFUMDilUM.  Fumiiiation. 

SUFFUMINATIO.  Fiunisration. 

SUFFUSIO,  Pseudoblepsia  —  s.  Auriginosa, 
Icterus — s.  Bills,  Icterus — s.  Colorans,  Chromop- 
sia — s.  Dimidians.  Hemiopia — s.  Exclarans,  O.xy- 
opia  —  s.  Feliis,  Icterus  —  s.  I^entis  crystalline. 
Cataract — s.  Metamorphopsis,  Molamorphopsia— 
s.  Multiplicans,  see  Diplopia  — s.  Myodos,  Meta- 
morphopsia — s.  Nigra,  Amaurosis — s.  Oculi.  Ca- 
taract, Pseudoblepsia  —  s.  Oculorum,  Metamor- 
phopsia  —  s.  Radians,  Scotasma  —  s.  Sanguinis, 
Ecchymona. 

SU(;AR,  Saccharum  — s.  Barley,  Penidium, 
Saccharuni  hordcatum. 

SuoAR  Candv,  Saccharum  candidum — s.  Cane, 
see  Sacchnrum. 

Sugar,  Diabetic,  Glucose  — s.  Fruit,  Glucose  ; 
56 


— s.  Orape,  Glucose — s.  Hepatic,  see  Saccharum 
— s.  Honey,  Glucose. 

Sugar  ok  Leap,  Plumbi  superacetas. 

ScGAR,  Liver,  see  Saccharum. 

Sugar,  Magnet'ic,  Sac'chamm  Magnet'icum. 
A  quack  preparation,  said  to  be  composed  of  sugar 
and  cannabis.     It  is  given  in  nervous  cases. 

Sugar  of  Milk,  Sac'chamm  lactia,  G<dac'tn- 
aac'chariim,  Lactoxe,  Lactine,  (F.)  Sucre  de  Liiil, 
Scl  de  Lait,  is  obtained  from  whey  by  eviipora- 
tion  and  crystallization.  It  possesses  the  demul- 
cent properties  of  the  sugars. 

Sugar,  Muscle,  Inosite. 

Sugar  Pine,  see  Arrowroot — s.  Starch,  Glucose. 

Sugar,  Urinary,  Glucose. 

SiiGARS,  Various,  see  Saccharum. 

SUGARBERRY,  Celtis  occidentalis. 

SUGGILLA'TION,  Sugilla'tio,Liror,  CEde'mn 
crueiitnm,  Siigillation,  JJniine  ;  from  anijilhire, 
augiUatum,  '  to  beat  black  and  blue.'  By  most  au- 
thors used  synonymously  with  ecchymosis  and 
ecchymoma.  It  is,  also,  applied  to  the  spots,  or 
ecchymoses  which  occurin  consequence  of  intrinsic 
causes, — in  disease  and  in  incipient  putrefaction. 
It  is  common  in  dead  bodies;  Livor  sen  mac'ida 
emnrtua'lis.  To  this  last  case  it  is,  indeed,  re- 
stricted by  some  medico-legal  writers;  and  an 
interesting  question  sometimes  arises: — Whether 
the  appearance  have  been  induced  befove  death 
or  afterwar<ls?  Whether  it  be  a  case  of  ccchy- 
moaia  or  of  aiiggillalinn?  In  the  former,  the 
extravasated  blood  will  usually  be  coagulated ; 
not  so  in  the  latter.  It  is  often,  however,  difli- 
cult  to  form  a  correct  judgment  without  reference 
to  the  history  of  the  case. 

SUGGRUN'DIUM,  perhaps  from  avggred!, 
{enh,  and  gradlor,)  'to  go  or  come  up  to.'  The 
eave  of  a  house. 

SuGGRUNDiuM  OcuLi,  Superciliary  arch  —  s. 
Superciliorum,  Frontal  protuberance. 

SUICIDA,  Autochir. 

SUICIDAL  INSANITY,  Suicide. 

SU'ICIDE,  Snici'diitm  :  from  ani  cades,  'mur- 
der of  one's  self.'  The  act  of  killing  one's  self. 
Antdchi'ria,  A  utocton'ia,  Idiocton'ia,  Autuphou'ia. 
Suicide  is  very  frequently  the  result  of  disease 
of  the  mind  :  the  individual  seeming,  at  tiaues,  to 
be  irresistibly  impelled  to  self-destruction.  —  Me- 
laneho'lia  Snicid'Inm  seu  aiitochi'ria,  Snici'dal 
Tnaan'iti/.     Also,  one  who  commits  self-murder. 

SUIE,  Fuligo. 

SUfF,  Sevuin. 

SUITES  DE  COUCHES,  Lochia. 

SULCATUS,  CanneU,  Grooved. 

SULCI,  plural  of  Sulcus. 

Sulci  Ciliares,  Halo  sisxnafns. 

SULCULUS  LABII  SUPERIORIS,  Lacuna 
Labii  superioris. 

SULCl^S,  Semicana'lia,  Semicanal Ic' id na.  A 
furrow.  A  groove.  {¥.)  SiUon.  Anatomists  have 
given  this  name  to  grooves  on  the  surface  of 
bones  and  other  organs.     See  Anfractuosity. 

French  writers  on  anatomy  often  use  the  term 
SiHona  for  the  grooves  which  lodge  tlie  arteries 
and  creep  on  the  surface  of  bones:  whilst  those 
that  receive  veins  are  called  goiittierea,  '  gutters.' 
Also,  the  vulva. 

SuLCiT.s  Antero-posterior  Jkcoris.  see  Liver 
— s.  Labii  superioris.  Lacuna  Labii  superioris. 

Sulcus,  Lat'eral,  ante'rior,  op  the  Spinal 
Marrow.  A  mere  trace  on  the  marrow,  marked 
only  by  the  attachment  of  the  filaments  of  the 
anterior  roots  of  the  spinal  nerves. 

Sulcus,  Lateral,  posterior,  of  the  Spinal 
Marrow,  corresponds  with  the  attachment  of  the 
posterior  roots  of  the  spinal  nerves. 

Sulcus  Retro-Glandularis,  see  Glans  —  s. 
Sinus  lateralis,  Fossa  sigmoidea  —  s.  Transver- 
salis,  see  Liver  —  s.  Urabilicalis,  see  Liver. 


5  UL  FA  TE  D'A  MM  0  XI A  QUE     88  2 


SULPHUROUS 


SULFATE    D'AMMONIAQUE,    Ammoniae 

SULFIDUM  CARBONII,  Carbonis  sulphure- 
tuiu. 

SULFUR,  Sulphur. 

SULFVUE  DE  CARBON,  Carbonis  sulphu- 
retiiin. 

SULPHAS  ALUMINARIS,  Alumen— s.  Am- 
inoniaciB  Cupratus,  Cuprum  aininoniatum  —  s. 
Cadmicus,  Cadiuii  Sulphas  —  s.  Kalico-aluinlni- 
fum,  Alumen — s.  Natricus,  Soda,  sulphate  of — s. 
Zincicuin,  Zinci  sulphas. 

SULPHUR,  Sulfur,  Scnrith,  Thel'on,  Thion, 
Avcricli,  7'erra  fojia'ta,  Fiimu8  cit'riiius,  A/i'iiita, 
Jlriiii>!toiie,  (F.)  Sou/re.  Native  Sulphur  is  called 
JCock  and  Black  Sulphur,  Suljihur  vivum  seu  ni- 
(jrum.  Sulphur,  as  we  meet  with  it,  is  in  rolls, 
Sulphur  in  rot'ulin  seu  rotun'dum,  Roll  Brimstone. 
It  is  a  volcanic  production,  and  is  obtained,  in 
large  quantities,  from  Solfatara,  in  Italy.  Boll 
Sulphur  is  impure  sulphur,  melted,  and  run  into 
moulds.  It  is  unpleasantly  inodorous,  when 
heated  or  rubbed;  insipid:  solid,  and  brittle. 
S.  g.  1-99.  Fusible  at  226°;  volatilizable  by 
beat,  and  condensing  unchanged. 

Sulphur  ANTiMONiATtiM,  Antimonii  sulphure- 
tum  priecipitatum  —  s.  Cahallinum,  see  Sulphur 
sublimatum  —  s.  Carburet  of,  Carbonis  sulpliure- 
tum  —  S.  Chloratum,  Sulphur,  chloride  of. 

SuLPHun,  Chloride  op,  Sul'phnris  Chlo'ridum 
seu  DichUi'vidum,  Sulphur  chlura'tuni,  Hjjimehlo- 
re'tuni  sulphuro'sum,  Chlorum  hi/pemnlphura'tum, 
DIchlo'riile  or  P rot oelilo' ride  or  Ilypochlo'ride 
or  Subchlo'ride  of  Sulphur,  Jiinulph' uret  of  Chlo- 
rine, is  obtained  by  passing  (//?/  chlorine  gaa 
over  washed  and  dried  Jlowera  of  sulphur,  until 
they  are  for  the  most  part  dissolved,  and  distil- 
ling tbedecanted  fluid  from  the  excess  of  dissolved 
sulphur.  One  drachm  of  the  liquid  to  an  ounce 
of  lard  has  been  used  in  lepra,  psoriasis,  and  other 
chronic  cutaneous  diseases.  Ten  drops,  dissolved 
in  ether,  have  been  given  in  adynamic  fever. 

Sulphur,  Dk^hloiudk  op.  Sulphur,  chloride 
of — s.  Ilypoehloride  of.  Sulphur,  chloride  of  —  s. 
lodatum,  Sulphuris  iodidum  —  s.  Iodide  of,  Sul- 
phuris  iodidum — s.  loduret  of,  Sulphuris  iodidum 
—  s.  Liver  of,  Potassee  sulphuretuni. 

Sulphur  Lotum.  Sulphur  suhlinia'tnm  latum, 
Wiinhed  Sulphur,  3f<i(jitite'rium  Sulph'uris,  Sul- 
phuris FlorcH  loti,  is  prepared  by  pouring  boil- 
ing water  on  sublimed  sulphur,  so  as  to  wash 
away  any  acid  it  may  contain,  and  then  drying  it. 

Sulphur  Nigrum,  Sulphur  vivum,  see  Sulphur 
sublimatum. 

Sulphur  Pr^cipita'tum,  Loc  Sulph'uris,  Milk 
nf  Sulphur,  Precip' itoted  Sulphur,  {¥.}  Crime  de 
Soufre,  is  prepared  by  boiling  sublimed  suli)hur 
and  lime  together,  and  adding  muriatic  acid  to 
precipitate  tlie  sulphur. 

Sulphur,  Protochloride  op.  Sulphur  chlo- 
ride of — s.  Subchloride  of,  Sulphur,  chloride  of. 

Sulphur  Sublima'tum,  Sulphur,  (Ph.  U.  S.) 
Sublimed  Sulphur,  Flowers  of  Suljdiur  (F.) 
Soufre  suhlime,  Fleurs  de  Soufre,  is  the  sulphur 
of  commerce,  sublimed  in  close  vessels. 

Sulphur  is  possessed  of  stimulant,  lasative, 
and  diaijhoretio  properties.  As  a  laxative,  it  is 
used  in  hemorrhoidal  and  other  affections.  In  the 
itch,  api)lied  externally  and  taken  internally,  it 
has  been  considered  as  a  specific  [?],  and  it  is  a 
valuable  remedy  in  most  cutaneous  atfections  that 
are  local.     Dose,  ^^ss  to  ^'j- 

The  fioces  or  dregs,  left  in  the  purification  or 
sublimation  of  sulphur,  are  called  Horse  Brim- 
stone, Dre(js  of  Sulphur  virum.  Sulphur  cnhalli'- 
iiHin  seu  vivum,  Sulphuris  viri  recremeu'ta.  They 
are  very  impure,  and  are  only  used  externally. 

Sulphur,  Vegetable,  Lycopodiuui— s.  Wort, 
Pcucedanuui. 


SULPHURATUS,  Sulphureous,  Sulphurated. 

SULPIIU'REOUS,  Sulphuro'sus,  Sulphu'rius, 
Sulphurn'lus,  Sulph' uretttd.  Possessing  tiie  pro- 
jierties  of,  or  relating  to,  or  containing  sulphur. 

SULPHURETTED,  Sulphureous  —  s.  Hydro, 
gen,  see  Ilviirogen,  sulphureltcd. 

SUl-PHURETUM  A.M.MONIAC^E,  Ammoniio 
sulph uretum — s.  Ainmoniie  hydrogonaluin.Licpior 
fumans  lioylii — s.  Kalicum,  Potassii;  sulphuretum 

—  s.  Li.xivias,  Potassic  suljihuretum. 
SULPIl'URIC  ACID,  Ac"idum  Sulphu'ricim 

seu  Sulfnrlcu)n,  Oleum  Vitrio'li,  Spir'ilus  Vitri- 
oli  seu  vitrioli  fortis,  Acidtim  vitriol' icum.  A, 
Vitrioli  dephloyistica' turn,  Oil  of  Vitriol,  Spirit 
of  Vitriol,  Vitriol'ic  Acid,  Acor  Sulphuris,  (F.) 
Acide  Sulphnrique  ou  Sulfurique.  Sulphuric  acid 
is  inodorous  ;  has  a  strong  acid  taste,  and  is  cor- 
rosive. S.  g.  1-845  (Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  eschnrotic, 
stimulant,  and  rubefacient.  Mixed  with  lard,  it  is 
sometimes  used  in  local  pains,  and  certain  cuta- 
neous affections. 

Sulphuric  Acid,  Aromat'ic,  Ac"idum  Sulphu'- 
ricum  Aromut'icum,  A.  vitriol' icum  aromot'icum, 
seu  vitriolicum  alcoho'le  aromaticum.  Elixir  vitri- 
o'lisexi  vitrioli  aromaticum  seu  vitrioli  Mynsich'- 
ti  seu  vitrioli  Edinburgen'sium  seu  vitrioli  cum 
tiiictu'rd  aromatica  seu  vitrioli  dulce  seu  ucido- 
aromat'icum.  Alcohol  cum  oroniat'ibus  suljihuri- 
ca'tus,  Tinctu'ra  acidi  sulphurici,  is  formed  of 
sulphuric  acid,  f  5iijss;  giuyer,  bruised,  5J  ;  cin- 
namon, bruised,  .^iss;  Alcohol,  Oij.  —  Ph.  U.  S. 
Dose,  gtt.  X  to  XXX.  Its  properties  are  like  those 
of  the  next  preparation,  than  which  it  is  moio 
frequently  emploj'ed,  being  more  agreeable. 

Sulphuric  Acid,  Dilu'ted,  Ac"idum  Sulphu'- 
ricnm  Diln'tum,  A.  vitriol'icum  dilutuin.  Elixir 
vitrio'li,  Spir'itus  vitrio'li  ae" idus  VogWri,  Elix- 
ir of  Vitriol,  (F.)  Acide  sulfurique  diliiiji,  is 
formed,  according  to  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States,  by  adding  aq.  dcstilhit.  f^xiij,  to 
acid,  sulph.  f^j.  It  is  tonic,  astringent,  and  re- 
frigerant. Dose,  gtt.  X  to  XX,  largely  diluted. 
When  used  as  a  gargle,  half  a  drachm  may  be 
added  to  ,^vj  of  water. 

Very  dilute  sulphuric  acid  was  formerly  termed 
Phlr/jmn  vitrioli. 

SULPHURIS  CARBURETUM,  Carbonis  sul- 
phuretum. 

Sulphuris   Chloridum,  Sulphur,  chloride  of 

—  s.  Dichloridum,  Sulphur,  chloride  of. 
Sulph'uris  Io'didum,  S.   lodure'tnm,  Sulphur 

loda'tum,  Toduret  or  I'odide  of  Suljihur,  (F.)  Sou- 
fre lodure,  lodure  de  Soufre.  It  is  thus  directed 
to  be  prepared  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  U.  S. 
{lofliu.  ^\v ;  sulphur,  ^j.)  Rub  the  iodine  and 
sulphur  together  in  a  glass,  porcelain,  or  luarhlo 
mortar,  until  they  are  thoroughly  mixed.  Put 
the  mixture  into  a  matrass,  close  the  orifice 
loosely,  and  apply  a  gentle  heat,  so  as  to  darken 
the  mass  without  melting  it.  When  the  colour 
has  become  uniformly  dnrk  throughout,  increase 
the  heat  so  as  to  melt  the  iodide;  then  incline 
the  matrass  in  different  directions,  in  order  to  re- 
turn into  the  mass  any  portions  of  iodine  which 
may  have  condensed  on  the  inner  surface  of  the 
vessel  :  lastly,  allow  the  matrass  to  cool,  break 
it,  and  put  the  iodide  into  bottles,  which  are  to 
be  well  stopped. 

SULPHURIUS,  Sulphureous. 

SULPH  UK  OSUS,  Sulphureous. 

SULPHUROUS,  Sulphureous. 

Sul'phurous  Acid,  Ac'idum  sulpihuroK'ieum 
seu  sulph'uris  volat'ile  seu  Sulphuro'sum  seu  Sul- 
furosum,  Sj)ir'ilus  sulphuris  seu  sulphuro'sus 
volat'ilis  seu  sulphuris  jjer  cnmpa'nnm  seu  vilrio  - 
li  phloyislicn'tus,  0ns  sulphuris,  (F.)  Acide  Sul- 
fureux,  Air  Acide  Vitriolique.  Obtained  by 
treating  mercury  with  concentrated  sulphuric 
acid,  or  by  burning  sulphur.     It  is   somclimes 


SULTZMALT 


883 


SUPINATOR 


used  in  the  gaseous,— at  others,  in  the  liquid, 
state.  Sulphurous  acid  gas  is  used  to  disinfect 
clothes,  confined  air,  letters  coming  from  infected 
jilaces,  &c.  It  is  also  exliihitcd,  with  great  suc- 
cess, in  the  form  of  fumigation,  in  the  treatment 
of  certain  chronic  cutaneous  affections,  and  of 
sciatic  and  rheumatic  pains  in  general.  If  re- 
S[iired  pure,  it  acts  in  the  manner  of  violent  irri- 
tants :  and  is  not  long  in  producing  death. 

SULTZMALT,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Sultzmalt  is  a  village  in  the  department  of  the 
Upper  Rhine ;  where  are  several  sources  of  cold, 
acidulous  waters,  which  seem  to  contain  carhonic 
acid,  subcarbonate  of  soda,  subcarbonate  of  lime, 
sulphate  of  lime,  and  a  little  bitumen.  They  are 
refrigerant,  aperient,  and  alterative. 

SUMAC  UES  CORROYEURS,  Rhus  coria- 
ria  —  «.   Veiiriieiur,  Rhus  to.xicodendron. 

SUMACH,  Rhus  coriaria  —  s.  Mountain,  Rhus 
copallina  —  s.  Poison,  Rhus  venenata  —  s.  Stag's 
Horn,  Rhus  typhina. 

SUMBUL.  The  Aarae  of  a  root,  Snm'hnli  rn- 
d!x,  Jutdmansi,  Mni<k-ro(>t,  presumed  to  belong 
to  the  Uml)cllifer:e  family,  much  employed  in 
Russia  and  Germany  against  cholera.  Its  e.vact 
botanical  history  is  not  determined.  It  contains 
a  strongly  odorous  principle  like  that  of  musk; 
and  is  regarded  as  an  antispasmodic. 

SUMIUJLI  RADIX,  Sumbul  root, 

SUMEN,  Ilypogastrium. 

SUMMER  COMPLAINT.  A  popular  name 
in  the  United  States,  for  diarrhoea  occurring  in 
summer.  It  is  often,  also,  made  to  include  dy- 
sentery and  cholera  infantum.  With  some  it 
means  cholera  infantum  only. 

Si'MMEU  Diseases,  see  Estival — s.  Plant  winter 
worm,  Sphaeria  Sinensis — s.  Rash,  Lichen  tropicus. 

SUMMITAS  CUTIS,  Epidermis. 

v^UMMUS  HUMERUS,  Acromion. 

SUN  BURN,  Ephelides  — s.  Dew,  Drosera  ro- 
tundifolia — s.  Flower,  false,  Helenium  autuinnale 
—  s.  Flower,  swamp,  Ilelenium  autumnale  —  s. 
Flower,  tickweed.  Coreopsis  triehosperma  —  s. 
Flower,  turpentine,  Siipiiium  perfoliatum  —  s. 
Pain,  see  Hemicrania  —  s.  Rash,  Liclien  —  s. 
Stroke,  Coup  cle  Soldi  —  s.  Stroke,  Egyptian, 
Coup  de  Solo'!. 

SUPELLECTILE  DIOGENIS,  Palm. 

SUPELLEX  ANATOMICA,  Museum  anato- 
micuin  —  s.  Diogenis,  Palm. 

SUPER.  A  common  Latin  prefix;  in  compo- 
sition, signifying' '  above.' 

SUPERBUS,  Rectus  superior  oculi. 

SUPERCHLORIDUM  FORMYLICUM. 
Chloroform. 

SUPERCILIARTS,  Corrugator  supercilii. 

SUPERCIL'IARY,  Supercilw'rh,  from  miper, 
and  ciliiiiii,  '  the  edge  of  the  eyelid.'  That  which 
relates  to  the  supercilia  or  eyebrows.  (F.)  Sonr- 
cilier  pu  Siircilier. 

Supehcil'iary.  Arches,  Superciliary  Ridges, 
Arena  supercilin'ren,  Siii/r/riDi^din  ocnlo'rnm.  (F.) 
Arcadcn  sourcilieres,  are  two  slightly  projecting 
apophyses,  situate  at  tlie  anterior  surface  of  the 
OS  frontis,  above  the  superior  margin  of  the  or- 
bits. They  are  sejiarated  by  the  nasal  house,  and 
covered  by  the  snperciliaris  muscle,  to  which 
they  give  attachment. 

ScPF.ncii-iAnv  Rinr.RS,  Superciliary  arches. 

SUPERCIL'IUM,  OphryH,  Oph'ryri,  Vnlliim, 
(T.)  Soiircil.  Same  etymon.  The  eyebrows  (Sc.) 
Jlrrei,  (Prov.)  Eye-breen,  are  two  arched  emi- 
nences,—  convex  ahove,  and  more  or  less  promi- 
nent, according  to  the  individual,  —  which  lie  on 
the  superciliary  arch  of  the  os  frontis,  above  the 
eyelids,  and  extend  from  the  si<les  of  the  root  of 
the  nose  to  the  temple.  Their  inner  extremity  or 
hrnd  is  more  ju-ominent  tlian  the  outer  or  toil. 
The  eyebrows  are  covered   with  short  and  stifif 


'i  hairs,  which  are  directed,  obliquely,  from  within 
Ij  outwards,  and  are,  commonly,  of  the  colour  of 
the  hair.  The  skin  in  which  these  hairs  are  im- 
planted, rests  on  the  orbicularis  polpebraruiii, 
froutdlis,  and  supfrciliaris  muscles,  which  move 
the  e3'cbrows  in  different  directions.  The  eye- 
brows serve  as  an  ornament  to  the  countenance; 
and  hy  covering  the  eye  defend  it  froai  the  im- 
pression of  too  strong  a  light.  They  direct  the 
perspiration  also  from  the  ej-e. 

Slti'krcilium  Acetab'ili.  The  edge  of  the 
cotyloid  cavity  of  the  os  innominatum. 

SUPERCONCEPTION,  see  Superfcjetation. 

SUPERKVACUATIO  Hvpercrisis. 

SUPERFECUNDATION,  see  Snperfoetation. 

SUPERFIBRINATION,  Ilyperinosis. 

SVPERFICIA'LJS  COL\A,'Sub<uio',ieus Colli. 
A  nerve  formed  by  communicating  branches  froth 
the  second  and  third  cervical  nerves.  It  is  dis- 
tributed to  the  superficial  parts  of  the  neck. 

SUPERFICIES  ORBITALIS,  see  Maxillary 
bone  (superior)  —  s.  Plantaris  Pedis,  Sole. 

SUPERFQ'X'UNDATIO,  Superfoetation. 

SUPER FffiTATIO,  SuperfaUation. 

SUPERFCETA'TION,  Super/atn'lio,  Epicye'- 
sis,  Hypercye'sis,  Hypercye'mo,  Superimpraijua' - 
tio,  Epiy'oue,  Super/cecuiidn'lio,  Siiper/ecutnla'- 
tioii,  Siiperimprerjna'tiou,  from  super  and  /(efare, 
'to  breed.'  Conception  of  a  foetus — epieyc'nici — 
in  a  uterus  which  already  contains  one.  The  im- 
pregnation of  a  female  already  pregnant.  The 
possibility  of  this  has  been  denied;  but  there  is 
abundant  evidence  to  show,  that  it  is  possible  at 
a  very  early  period  of  pregnancy.  Twin  cases 
may  be  of  this  kind  of  supejconreption. 

SUPERGEMINALIS,  Epididymis. 

SUPERGENUALIS,  Patella. 

SUPERIIUMERALE.  Epomis. 

SUPERIMPR.EGNATIO,  Superfoetation. 

SUPERIOR  AURIS,  Attollens  aurem— s.  Ro- 
tundus  clitoridis,  Isehio-cavernosus. 

SUPERLABIA.  Clitoris. 

SUPERLIGAMEN,  Epidesmus. 

SUPERLKiULA,  Epigb.ttis. 

SUPERNUMERARY  FINGER,  Digitus  su- 
pernumerarius. 
j      SUPERNUTRITIO  LIENIS,  Splenoncus— s, 
Splenis,  Splenoncus. 

SUPEROXALAS  KALICUM,  Potass,  oxalate 
of. 

SUPERPURGATIO.  Ilvpercatharsis. 

SUPERSCAPULARIS,  Supraspinatus— s.  In- 
ferior, Infra-spinal  us. 

SUPINATEUR  COURT  on  PETIT,  Supi- 
nator radii  brevis  —  «.  Grand  ou  lonrj.  Supinator 
radii  longus. 

SUPINA'TION,  Snpinn'tio.  (rom  suplnus,  'ly- 
ing on  the  back.'  The  movement  in  which  the 
forearm  and  hand  are  carried  outwards,  so  that 
the  anterior  snr''i\ce  of  the  latter  becomes  superior. 

In  Pathology,  Supi)i(>tiou,  Supluit'ti'o.f/yptias'- 
ma,  Hyptins'mus,  means  the  horizontal  position 
on  the  back,  with  the  head  thrown  back,  and  tlie 
legs  and  arms  extended.  It  is  often  a  sign  of 
great  weakness  in  disease. 

SUPINA'TOR.  Same  etymon.  That  which 
produces  supination.  A  name  given  to  two  mus- 
cles of  the  forearm. 

Si'PiSATOR  Brevis  seu  Minor,  Supinator  radii 
brevis  —  s.  Longus  seu  major.  Supinator  radii 
lonsrns. 

Sl'Pj,N'ATOR  RAnil  Brevis,  S.  breris  seu  minor, 
(F.)  Epiconilylo-rodial  (Ch.),  Supinolpnr  court 
ou  petit  supiuateur.  A  muscle,  seated  at  the 
outer  and  back  part  of  the  forearm.  It  is  fi.it- 
tened,  triangular,  and  curved  upon  itself,  in  such 
a  manner  tlnit  it  embraces  the  superior  extremity 
of  the  radius.  It  is  attached,  on  the  one  hand, 
to  the  external  tuberosity  of  the  humerus,  and  to 


SUPPEDANEA 


884 


SURA 


n  small  portion  of  the  posterior    surface  of  the 
iilnii,  and  is  inserted  into  the  upper  third  of  the 
(inter    and   upper   surfaces    of    the    radius.      It 
produces,  by  contracting,  the  motion  of  supination. 
SuriNAToii  Radii  Longus,  S.  hmgua  sive  ma- 
jor,   JJftt'chio-radiii'lis,   (F.)   Hiimero-mis-radial 
(Ch.),  Long  ou  grand  aiipinateiir,  is  seated  at  the 
anterior  and  outer  part  of  the  forearm.     It  arises 
from  tlie  inferior  part  of  the  outer  edge  of  the  os 
luimeri,    and   from    the    external    intermuscular 
aponeurosis;  and  is  inserted,  by  a  long  tendon, 
into  the  outer  edge  of  the  radius,  near  the  base  of 
tlie  styloid  process.     It  causes  the  supination  of 
the  forearm,  which  it  can  likewise  bend  on  the  arm. 
SUPPEDAXEA,  Hypopodia. 
SUPPLANTALIA,  Hypopodia. 
SUPPLEMENTA  EPIPLOICA,  Appendiculae 
pinguedinosic. 

SUPPLEMENTARY  AIR,  see  Respiration. 
SUPPORTER,  ABDOMINAL,  Belt,   Russian 
— s.  Utero-Aliilominal,  see  Belt,  Russian. 

SUPPOSITION  BE  PART,  Pregnancy,  pre- 
tended. 

SUPPOSTTOIRE,  Suppositorium. 
SUPPOSITORIUM,  Suppository  —  s.  Uteri- 
num. Pessary. 

SUPPOS'ITORY,  Siippnuito'rinm,  Ilypoth'- 
etoii,  Bficil'liiK,  Balantu' nius,  Ihd'aiiiis,  Glaim,  G. 
siihd{dit"iii,A'od'idus  iiitentiiKi'lln,  from  siippoiiere, 
siipptmitiim,  {sub  and  prinere,  '  to  put,)  '  to  Jiut  un- 
der,' (F.)  Sii]>pi»iitoire.  A  solid  medicine,  in  the 
form  of  a  cone  or  cylinder,  intended  to  be  intro- 
duced into  the  rectum;  —  either  for  the  purpose 
of  favouring  intestinal  evacuations,  or  to  act  as 
an  anodyne.  Purgative  suppositories  are  made 
of  soap,  aloes,  or  any  other  irritating  substance. 

SUPPRESSIO  ALVI,  Constipation  —  s.  Lo- 
chiorum,  Ischoloehia — s.  Lotii,  Ischuria — s.  Men- 
sium,  Amenorrhoea — s.  Menstruationis,  Amenor- 
rlirea —  s.  Sudoris.  Ischidrosis. 

SUPPRESSION  1)U  ELUX  MENSTRU- 
EL,  Amenorrhoea — s.  de  Part,  see  Parturition — 
«.  (/'  Urine,  Ischuria. 

SUPPURANS,  Suppurative. 
SUPPURARE,  Suppurate. 

SUP'PURATE,  Siippnra're,  (F.)  Suppurer, 
(Prov.)  Hinl  ^vulgnrly).  To  form  or  secrete  pus. 
SUPPURA'TION,  Siippiira'tio,  Siihpiira'tlo, 
Hcpye' ma,  I'liriilen'tia,  Pyo'sin,  Pye'eis,  Diapye'- 
iiia,  Dlapye'iiin,  Pyngen' ia  shnji/ex,  Pu'rulence, 
Pu'ridenvy,  Gath'eriiuj,  (F.)  Ah<»iti>i8emeiit.  For- 
mation or  secretion  of  pus,  (see,  also  Pyixjenia,) 
from  »iih,  'under,'  and  pus,  pun's.  It  is  a  fre- 
quent termination  of  inflammation,  and  may  oc- 
cur in  almost  any  of  the  tissues.  This  termina- 
tion is  announced  by  slight  chills;  by  remission 
of  the  pain,  which,  from  being  lancinating,  be- 
comes heavy;  by  a  sense  of  weight  in  the  part, 
and.  when  the  collection  of  pus  can  be  easily  felt, 
hy  fluctuation.  When  pus  is  thus  formed  in  the 
areolar  membrane,  and  is  co'lected  in  one  or  more 
cavities,  it  constitutes  an  abscess.  If  it  be  formed 
from  a  surface  exposed  to  the  air,  it  is  an  nicer : 
and  such  ulcers  we  are  in  the  habit  of  establish- 
ing artificially  in  certain  cases  of  disease. 

SUP'PURATIVE,  Siippn'rniis,  Siqipurati'vns, 
Diojiye'ticns,  Erpyn'ticiis,  Ecpyiscoii'lns,  (F.) 
Siippiiraiif.  Same  etymon.  That  which  facili- 
tates suppuration.  Suppuratives  are,  generally, 
vesicants  mixed  with  lard. 
SUPPURER,  Suppurate. 
SUPRA.  A  common  Latin  prefix;  in  compo- 
sition, signifying  'above.' 

SUPRA-COSTA'LES,  Levato'res  Costa'rum, 
(F.)  Snr-cnslau.r,  from  supra,  and  cnata,  'a  rib.' 
A  name  given  to  twelve  small,  fleshy  fasciculi, 
■which  are  fliattened,  triangular,  and  with  radiat- 
ing fibres.  They  pass  from  the  transverse  pro- 
cesses of  the  dorsal  vertebrse  to  the  superior  mar- 


gin of  the  rib  beneath.  Spigelius,  Cowper,  Boyer, 
Chaussier,  and  otliers,  consider  them  to  form 
part  of  tlic  intercostales  extern!. 

SUPRA-UEPATIO  VEINS,  see  Hepatic 
veins. 

SUPRA-OMPHALODYMIA,  see  Somatody- 
mia  —  s.  et  Infra-omphalodymia,  see  Somatody- 
mia. 

SUPRA-OR'BITAR,  Snpra-orhita'lia,  Supra- 
orbita'ruts,  (F.)  Siia-nrbilaire,  from  eiipra,  and 
orbita,  '  the  orbit.'  That  which  is  situate  above 
the  orbit. 

SuprA-Or'bitAR  Fora'men,  F.  Supra -orbita'. 
riidii  seu  orbiiariinn  siipe'riue,  (F. )  Trvii  aiia-orbl- 
taire  ou  orbilaire  stiperieiir,  is  a  foramen  or  notch 
completed  by  a  ligament  at  the  inner  third  of  the 
orbitar  arch.  It  gives  passage  to  the  anjira-arbi- 
tar  or  superciliary  artery,  a  branch  of  tlie  oph- 
thalmic, which  ascends  the  forehead,  and  is  dis- 
tributed thereto. 

SUPRA-PU'BIAN,  Siipra-ptibic,  Snpra.pnh- 
ia'inis,  from  supra,  and  ^jiite.'*.  That  which  is 
seated  above  the  pubis. 

StiPKA-PuBiAN  Nkuve,  (F.)  Nerf  sua-pubien,  is 
the  internal  ramus  of  the  inguino-cutancoiis 
branch  of  tlie  first  lumbar  nerve.  It  is  \.\\i  ijeniU)- 
crnral  branch  of  Bidiat.  It  descends  almost  ver- 
tically before  tlie  psoas  muscle  ;  and,  near  the 
crural  arch,  divides  into  two  branches.  One  of 
these  accompanies  the  spermatic  cord,  and  is  dis- 
tributed to  the  cremaster,  scrotum,  and  integu- 
ments on  the  inner  part  of  the  thigh.  The  other 
issues  from  the  pelvis  with  the  femoral  filaments; 
traverses  the  aponeurosis  of  the  thigh,  and  is  dis- 
tributed to  the  integuments  of  the  upper  and 
anterior  part  of  tlie  limb. 

SUPRA-RE'NAL,  Snpra-rena'lis,  (F.)  Siirri- 
nal,  from  supra,  and  reu,  '  the  kidney,'  Seated 
above  tlie  kidney — as  the  supra-renal  capsule. 

SUPRA-SCAP'ULAR :  Supra-scapula'ris.hom 
aupra,!ind  scapula.  Seated  above  the  scapula  ; — as 

SupRA-scAPULAU  Nervk.  This  arises  from 
the  fifth  cervical  ;  passes  through  the  su]>ra-sca- 
pular  notch,  and  is  distributed  to  the  supra-spi- 
natus  and  infra-s|iinatns  muscles. 

SUPRA-SCAPULARIS,  Supra-scapular,  and 
Supra-spinatus  muscle. 

SUPRA-  SEMIORBICULARIS,  Orbicularis 
oris. 

SUPRA-SPINA'TUS,  Supra-spi,w'sus,  (F.) 
Stir-fpiueux,  Siis-epineux,  from  supra,  and  sjiimi. 
That  which  is  seated  above  the  sjiine. 

SUPRA-.SPINATA  FoSPA,  (F.)  Fosse  svs.epiiiruse, 

is  a  triangular  depression  above  the  spine  of  the 
scapula. 

Supra-Spinatus  Muscle,  Super-scapula' ris, 
Su]>ra-acajiuliiria,  (F.)  Sua-spiuo-scapula-irochi- 
terien,  Petit  eus-scapulo-trochithii-n  (Ch.),  is 
situated  in  the  fossa  suj^ra-spinata.  It  is  elon- 
gated, thick,  and  triangular,  and  is  attached,  on 
tlie  one  hand,  to  the  two  inner  thirds  of  the  Un-m 
supra-spinata  ;  and  terminates,  on  the  other,  at 
the  anterior  part  of  the  great  tuberosity  of  the 
humerus.     This  muscle  raises  the  arm. 

SuPRA-SpiNo'SA  LiGAMKN'tA,  Supra-spiual 
lifj'ameuts,  are  two  in  number.  L  The  Durso- 
lunibo-aupra-spinal  ligament,  (F.)  Liijauient  sur- 
epineux  dorso-lombaire,  extending  above  tlie  spi- 
nous processes  of  the  dorsal  and  lumliar  vertebras 
from  the  7th  cervical  as  far  as  the  median  crista 
of  the  sacrum.  2.  Crrvical-aupra-sjiiiatl  liiininiiil. 
(F.)  Lif/ament  aur-epiucux  cervical,  which  ex- 
tends above  all  the  cervical  sjiinous  processes, 
and  is  attached,  above,  to  the  outer  occipital  pro- 
tuberance. 

SUE,  Supra.  A  French  prefix,  signifying 
'  above.' 

SURA,  Onstrocnc'me,  Gastrocne'mia,  Gastrnc- 
ne'mium;   Calf  of  the  ley,  (F.)  Jlvllet,   Grua  de 


SURCILFER 


885 


SUSPENSORY 


Jiimhe.  The  projection,  formed  at  tlio  posterior 
part  of  tlio  leg  by  tlie  gnstrocnemii  muscle.  Also, 
the  filinla. 

SUl{CIfjlL'I{,  Corrugator  supercilii,  Superci- 
liary. 

SUnCOSTA  T7X,  Supracostalos. 

SrnCULA  riOX,  see  (Jeneration. 

BrKCl'LI  FELLKI,  Pori  biliurii. 

SUIUTMIS,  Uainusfulus. 

SVIlDICyT {¥.),  from  »»)•,  and  detin,  'a  tooth.' 
When  !i  uiilk-tuoth  does  not  fall  out  at  the  period 
of  the  second  dentition,  but  is  merely  forced  to 
one  side  by  the  new  tooth,  it  is  called  a  surdent. 

,^UIll)r  MUTfT£\  Mutitas  surdoruin. 

BUUIJITAS,  Cophosis,  Deafness. 

SCRDITE,  Cophosis,  Deafness. 

Fl'UDOMUTITAS,  Deaf-dumbness. 

SUKDUS,  Deaf. 

Sl'IiKAU  COMMUN,  Sambuous, 

SUKEIjJ.E,  Oxiilis  acctosclla,  llumex  acetosa. 

Sinif:rL\KrX,  Sujira-splnatus. 

SUR-KXCirATlON,  see  Excitement,  and 
Super-e.\citation. 

SUKFFilT,  Acrasia,  Colica  crapulosa. 

SUIUiEON,  Clilni)-';/eo)i  :  Chiro'nux,  Cln'nir'- 
(/iin,  Vid'ueriim  vied'icun,  Chei'n'd'ter,  CIn'ria'fer, 
JalniK,  (F.)  C/iiriirt/ieii,  old  French,  Siiryiev,  from 
Xiifl-  'the  hand,'  and  fpyor,  'work.'  One  who 
practises  surgery.  The  surgeon,  says  Celsus, 
ought  to  be  young,  or,  at  all  events,  not  advanced 
in  life.  His  hand  must  be  steady,  expert,  and 
never  tremulous  :  he  must  use  the  right  or  left 
with  equal  facility  :  his  sight  must  be  clear  and 
penetrating:  his  mind  intrepid;  and,  although 
unmoved  when  he  procee<ls  to  operate,  he  must 
not  be  in  haste,  nor  cut  less  than  is  necessary, 
but  finish  his  operation,  as  if.the  cries  of  the  pa- 
tient made  no  impression  upon  him. 

In  the  middle  ages,  the  Universities  of  Italy 
and  Spain  sent  out  educated  surgeons,  as  well  as 
physicians,  under  the  name  ehir>tr'</i-pln/H'ici. 

SUIIGEON-APOTII'ECARY.  One  who  unites 
the  practice  of  surgery  with  that  of  the  apothe- 
cary. A  gfunral  practitioner.  He  is  the  ordinary 
nu'ilirfd  wan  or  family  medical  attendant  in  Eng- 
land.    See  Apotliecarv. 

SURGEON-DENTIST,  Dentist. 

SUR'OEONCY.     The  office  of  a  surgeon. 

SUR'GERY.  Chiriir'f,ia,  Cliiriatri'a,  Clieiri.r'- 
»'«,  Chi'riais,  Chirix'is,  Cliiriu'vniH,  Mtlaclieirix'in, 
Melaciii'rinis,  J/etachiriu'vitin,  Tracta'tio  liianiia'- 
ria,  Ifedir'iiia  operati'va  seu  ef'fica.r,  (F.)  Chi- 
riirgie.  Same  etymon  as  surgeon.  The  part  of 
the  healing  art  which  relates  to  external  diseases: 
their  treatment;  and,  especially,  to  the  manual 
operiitions  adapted  for  their  cure.  Also,  the  office 
of  a  surgeon. 

Si'iiOKKV,  Anaplastic,  Morioplastice  —  s.  Au- 
toplastic, Morioplastice — s. Conservative,  Surgery, 
salvation — s.  Dental,  Dentistry. 

SuRC.KltV,  Mll/lTARV,  Chirur'gin  militn'ris, 
(F.)  Cliinir;/ie  viilitaire,  is  that  which  relates  to 
the  operations  to  be  performed  on  the  field  of 
battle,  or  subseciuently ; — with  the  attention  to  be 
paiil  to  the  wounded,  Ac. 

Si'HGKRY,  Op'khative,  IS  termed  Aeinr'gin, 
Aciir'yia,  and  Acidur'gia,  (F.)  Ilideciue  opera- 
toire. 

Surgery,  Plastic,  Morioplastice. 

SiMiGERV,  Sai.va'tion,  Confer' valine  Snr'ger;/, 
is  that  which  looks  rather  to  the  preservation  of 
:i,  limb  for  example  than  its  removal.  One,  who 
is  addicted  to  operating  in  almost  all  cases,  is 
sometimes  called  a  kni/esinau. 

SUR'OICAU.  Cliirur'ijicua,  (F.)  Chinirgtca?, 
Chirurfjiqiie.  Same  etymon.  That  which  relates 
to  surgery  ;  as  mtrgical  anatomy,  surgical  opera- 
tions, lur</icann8truments,  &c. 


SniniEX.  Surgeon. 

SURIN  AIM  INE,  see  Geoffrnea  Surinamensis. 

HIR-IRRITATIOX,  see  Irritation. 

SUItXUMEHAIRE  (Doigt),  Digitus  super- 
nuinerarius. 

SVnOXYGEXESES.  Fr-ora  «»>•  and  oxygen. 
A  name  given  by  Baumes  to  diseases  attributed 
by  him  to  superabundance  of  oxygen. 

SURPEAU,  Epidermis. 

SURRECTA  ALBA,  Ranunculus  flammula. 

SUR-REXAL.  Supra- renal. 

SURROGATUM,  Sueeedaneum. 

SURSELS,  see  Salt. 

SURTOUrS  LIGAMENTEUX  BE  LA  CO- 
LOXXE  VERTEBRALE,  Vertebral  ligaments. 

SURUJIPE{S.)  A  disease  to  which  the  tra- 
veller in  the  Cordilleras  is  liable.  It  consists  of 
a  violent  inflammation  of  the  eyes,  caused  by  the 
reflection  of  the  bright  rays  of  the  sun.  The  con- 
junctiva is  highly  inflamed,  and  the  lids  swell 
and  bleed.  The  pain  is  intense,  and  frequently 
induces  delirium. — Tsehudi. 

SURVIE,  Survivorship. 

SURVI'VORSIIIP,  (F.)  Snrvie,  from  super- 
vivere,  (super,  and  vivere,)  (F.)  stirvirre,  'to  live 
longer.'  In  legal  medicine,  this  word  means  the 
probability  that  any  individual  has  survived 
others  in  an  accident,  which  has  been  fatal  to  all. 
This  is  often  an  important  question,  connected 
with  the  ijiheritaiice  of  property,  and  on  which 
physiology  can  rarely  afford  more  than  presump- 
tive grounds  for  conclusion. 

SUS,  SUSUM,  (F.)  Siis,  same  as  Sursum, 
'  above.'  A  F'rench  prefix,  signifying  '  above,'  as 
in 

S'Uf^-A CROMW-HUMERAL,  Deltoid. 

SUS-CARPIEX ;  SUS,  and  carpe,  'the  wrist.' 
Above  the  wrist.  An  epithet  given  by  Chaussier 
to  the  dorsal  artery  of  the  wrist — Artere  sus-car- 
pienne  —  a  branch  of  the  radial. 

SUS-EPIXEUX,  Supra-spinatus— «.  3faxillo. 
labial.  Levator  anguli  oris  —  s.  Maxillo-lahial, 
grand.  Levator  labii  superioris  alajcpie  nasi  —  s. 
Maxillo-labial  rnoi/en,  Levator  labii  superioris 
proprius  —  «.  Maxillu-nasal,  Compressor  naris  — 
s.  ()ni]ili(il(jdi/mie,  see  Somatodymia  — «.  Optico- 
spheno-scleroticien,  Rectus  superior  oculi — s.  Or- 
hltaire,  Supra-orbitar  —  «.  Phalangien  du  pouce, 
Abductor  pollicis  brevis — «.  Pubio-feiuoral,  Pec- 
tinalis  —  s.  Scaptdo-trochiterien  le  plus  petit. 
Teres  minor  —  s.  Seapulo-trocliiterien  ])ctit,  Su- 
pra-spinatus—  s.  Spino-scapulo-trochiterien,  Su- 
pra-spinatus. 

SUSCEPTIBIL'ITY,  facile  suscipiens,  (sus, 
and  capio,  'I  take,')  'easily  taking,  or  under- 
taking.' Sensibility,  in  its  most  enlarged  accep- 
tation. Impressibility.  This  term,  with  the  ei)i- 
thet  nervous,  is  sometimes  used  for  that  increase 
in  the  moral  sensibility  which  is  particularly  ob- 
served in  nervous  affections. 

SUSCEPTIO  INTESTINORUM,  Intussuscep- 
tion. 

SUSPENDICULUM,  Cremaster. 

SUSPENSA.  Enseorema. 

S  USP  EXSE  UR.  S u s p e n  s ory . 

SCSPEXSO IR R,  Suspensory. 

SUSPENSORIUM,  Suspensory —  s.  Hepatis, 
Suspensory  ligament  of  the  liver — s.  Testis,  Cre- 
master. 

SUSPEN'SORY,  Suspense' rius,  from  susj^en- 
dere,  (sus,  and  pendere,  '  to  hang,')  '  to  hang  up.' 
(F.)  Suspenseur.  That  which  sustains  or  sus- 
pends. 

Suspensory  Bandage,  Suspenso'rium,  Suspen- 
soir  ou  Suspensoire,  is  a  bandage  intended  to  sup- 
port the  scrotum,  in  cases  of  diseases  of  the  tes- 
ticle or  of  scrotal  hernia.  It  consists  of  a  kind 
of  bag,  fixed  above  to  a  cincture,  and  retained 


SUSPENSUM 


886 


SUTURE 


bolow  by  strings  passing  between  tbe  tbighs,  and 
fixed  to  the  cincture  behind. 

SrSPENSOIlY  LlGAMKNT  OP  THE  LiVER,  Liga- 
meii'tiim  latum,  Simpeuno'rhtm  he'pntis,  Perpen- 
cli'c'iiluin  he'piitis,  is  a  triangular  duplicature  of 
the  peritoneum,  between  tlie  inferior  surface  of 
the  diaphragm  and  the  upper  surface  of  the  liver, 
which  is  continuous  with  the  great  falx  of  tbe 
umbilical  vein. 

SiLSPioNsoRY  Ligament  of  the  Penis  is  a  fibro- 
ccllular  fascia,  of  a  triangular  shape,  which  ex- 
tends from  the  anterior  part  of  the  symphysis 
pubis  to  the  corpus  cavernosum,  which  it  sustains. 
A  similar  liffaTnont  belongs  to  the  clitoris. 

SUSPENSUM,  Enaeorema  —  s.  Urinoe,  Enajo- 
rema. 

SUSPIRATION,  Suspirium. 
SUSPIRATUS,  Suspirium. 
SUSPIRITUS,  Suspirium. 

SUSPIR'IUM,    Siispir.t'tio,    Suspirn'tiis,    Sns- 
pir'itus,  from  sus,  and  uplro,  'I  breathe;'  J/i/,'/- 
Tiius,   JHych'mus,    ^fychthis'mus,   Stenatj'tniis,    Sle- 
ti'ix'ii,  Sigh,  Simpira'tion,  (F.)   Soupir.     A  short 
breathing.     A  slow,  voluntary  contraction  of  the 
diaphragm  and  intercostal  muscles,  tbe  effect  of 
which  is  to  restore  the  due  relation  between  the 
circulation  and  respiration,  or   to  free  ourselves 
from  an  inconvenient  sense  of  weight  felt  in  tbe 
chest,  when  we  are  much  depressed,  —  a  weight, 
which   appears  to   be  chiefly  dependent  on   the 
functions  of  the  heart  being  disturbed    through 
the  moral  influence.     The  sigh  differs  from  the 
nob: — the  latter  being  involuntary  and  spasmodic. 
Sighing,  occurring  in  fevers  to  a  great  extent,  in- 
dicates  considerable   depression.     When  accom- 
panied with  a  vocal  sound,  it  constitutes  a  groan. 
SuspiiiiiTM  CARniAcuM,  Angina  pectoris. 
SUSTENTACULUM,  Aliment. 
SUSTENTATOR  CLITORIDIS,  Erector  clito- 
ridis  —  s.  Penis,  Erector  penis. 
SUSURRATION,  Whispering. 
S  U  S  U  R  11  U  S,   Bourduiiueiiient  —  S.   Aurium, 
Tinnitus  aurium. 
SUTELA,  Suture. 

SUTERBERRY,  Xanthoxylum  fraxineum. 
SUTORIUS,  Sartorius. 
SUTTER,  Saccharum. 

SUTURA  ABDOMINALIS,  Gastroraphy  — 
s.  Arcualis,  Coronal  suture  —  s.  Biparietalis,  Sa- 
gittal suture  —  s.  Clavata,  Suture,  quilled  —  s. 
Corporis  callosi  externa,  see  Raphe  —  s.  Cranii 
squamosa.  Squamous  suture  —  s.  Dentata,  see 
Suture  —  s.  Frontoparietalis,  Coronal  suture  —  s. 
Interparietalis,  Sagittal  suture  —  s.  Jugalis,  Sa- 
gittal suture — s.  Lambdoidalis,  Lambdoid  suture 
—  s.  Limbosa,  see  Suture  —  s.  Lepidoides,  Squa- 
mous suture  —  s.  Mendosa,  Squamous  suture  —  s. 
Notha,  see  Suture — s.  Obelsea,  Sagittal  suture  — 
s.  Ossium  Spuria,  Harmony  —  s.  Prorae,  Lamb- 
doid suture  —  s.  Punctata,  Suture,  common  —  s. 
Puppis,  Coronal  suture  —  s.  Rhabdoides,  Sagittal 
suture — s.  Serrata,  see  Suture,  Sagittal  suture — s. 
Spuria,  see  Suture — s.  Squamosa,  see  Suture — s. 
Vera,  see  Suture. 

SUTURAL,  SiitHra'h's ;  same  etymon  as  the 
next.     Relating  to  a  suture. 

SUTURE,  Sntn'ra,  Sufe'Ia,  Arme,  RhnpU, 
from  siiere,  siitiim,  'to  stitch;'  Dove-tail  joint,  (F.) 
Jf^iigreiiitre.  A  kind  of  immovable  articulation, 
in  which  the  bones  unite  by  means  of  serrated 
edges,  which  are,  as  it  were,  clove-tailed  into  each 
oilier.  The  articulations  of  the  greater  part  of 
the  bones  of  the  skull  are  of  this  kind.  The 
roronal,  lambdoidal,  and  sagittal  sutures  are 
called  true  sutures,  sutit'rce  vera,  the  two  temporal 
are  cnWed  false  sutureg,  suturcB  notha  seu  epu'rim 
seu  sqnamo'sa. 

A  dentated  suture — Sutu'ra  denta'ta  —  is  one 
iu  which  the  processes  are  long  and  dentiform, 


as  in  the  interparietal  suture.  In  a  nrrratrd 
suture  —  sutu'ra  sen  syiittiji-' is  serra'ta  —  tlie  in- 
dentations and  processes  are  small  and  line,  like 
the  teeth  of  a  raw,  as  in  tlie  suture  between  the 
two  portions  of  the  frontal  bone.  In  the  sutu'ru 
limho'sa  there  is  along  witli  the  dentated  mar- 
gins a  degree  of  bevelling  of  one,  so  tliat  one 
bgne  rests  on  the  other,  as  in  tbe  occipito  parie- 
tal suture. 

SuTi'iiR,  in  Surgery,  lllia'plii\  means  an  opera- 
tion which  consists  in  stitdiing  tlie  lips  of  a  wound 
to  procure  their  union.  Tlie  suture  was,  at  one 
time,  largely  employed  ;  but,  in  modern  times, 
its  use  has  been  wisely  restricted.  There  are  few 
wounds  in  which  the  edges  may  not  be  brought 
together  by  adhesive  jilastcr  ajipropriately  aji- 
plied.  This  kind  of  union,  by  adhesive  ]>hister 
simply,  has  been  absurdly  termed  Sulura  sicca 
or  dry  suture,  in  opposition  to  the  Sulura  cruetita 
or  suture  properly  so  called.  The  suture  is  gene- 
rally performed  with  waxed  thread  and  straight 
or  curved  needles,  according  to  the  arrangement 
of  parts. 

The    chief  sutures  are  tbe  iutcrrujitcd  suture, 
tbe   quilled  suture,   the  glover's  suture,   and   the 
twisted  suture.      1.    The   lNTElUil'l>'Ti;i)    Sl'TtiliR, 
(F.)   Suture  d  points  scpares.  Suture  eutrevoupi'e, 
is  performed  by  passing  a  needle,  armed  with  a 
ligature,  through    the    lips  of  the  wound  previ- 
ously brought  into  contact;  and  then   tying  the 
extremities    of  the    tliread.     The   other  stitelics 
are  made  in  the  same  manner.     They  are  sepa- 
rate or  interrupted.     It  is  the  suture  most  com- 
monly used.     2.  The  Qiiiltjid   Sutuke,  Sutarn 
clava'ta,  (F.)  Suture  euchevitlee  ou  euipluviee  ou 
empenuee.  Compound  Suture,  is  merely  the  inter- 
rupted suture,  with  this  difference,  that  the  liga- 
tures are  not  tied  over  the  face  of  the  wound,  liut 
over  two  quills  or  rolls   of  plaster,  or  bougies, 
which  are  laid  along  the  sides  of  the  wound.     It 
is  used   by  some  surgeons,  on  account  of  there 
being  less  danger  of  the  stitches  tearing  out.     It 
is   not   much    employed.     The    Clavp    Si)TunE, 
used  by  Dr.  Sims,  of  New  York,  in  the  treatment 
of  vesico-vaginal  tistulse,  is  a  modification  of  this. 
It  is  formed  by  two  cylinders  of  silver  or  lead, 
perforated  at  several  points  for  the   passage  of 
small    pieces    of   fine    silver  wire,  which    are  to 
supply  the  places  of  thread,  and  are  prevented 
from    slipping  by  perforated  shot  carried  down 
upon   them,  pressed  against  the  cylinders,   and 
kept  in  situ  by  being  firmly  pinched  with  j)Iiers. 
.3.  Tbe  Glover's  Sutitkr,   Contiu'ued  or    tlnin- 
terrup'ted  Suture,  (F.)   Suture  de  I'ellctier,  ou  en 
surget,  is  executed  by  introducing  the  needle  first 
into  one  lip  of  the  wound  from  within  outwards, 
then  into   tbe   other   in   the  same  way;  and,  in 
this  manner,  sewing  up  the  whole  extent  of  the 
wound.     It  has  been  chiefly  used  in  wounds  of 
the  intestinal  canal.     It  is  now  rarely  employed 
except  for  stitching  up  dead  liodies.     The  com- 
mon stitch  or  suture,  Sutura  j-iuncta'ta.  (F.)  Su- 
ture ct,  points  passes,   has   been   used    in   similar 
cases.     4.  The  Royal  Stitch  or  SuTutiE  is  tiie 
name  of  an  old  operation  for  the  cure  of  bubono- 
cele.    It  consisted  in  putting  a  ligature  under 
the  hernial  sac,  close  to  the  abdominal  ring,  and 
then  tying  that  part  of  the  sac,  so  as  to  render  it 
impervious   by  the  adhesive   inflammation    thus 
excited.     5.  The   Twisted   Sutuhe.  (F.)  Suture 
eutortillee,  is  employed,  chiefly,  to  unite  wounds 
of  the  cheeks  and  of  the  free  edges  of  the  lips. 
To  perform  it,  a  pin  or  needle  is  passed  thrcuigh 
the  edges  of  the  wound,  so  as  to  keep  them  ac- 
curately in  contact.     A  piece  of  thread  is  then 
wound  accurately  around  the  pin,  from  one  side 
of  the  division  to  the  other,  in  the  form  of  the 
figure  00  .     The  number  of  pins  and  sutures  must, 
of  course,   correspond  with   the  extent  of  the 


SWAB 


887 


STCEPHA.LUS 


•wound.  Tliis  is  the  suturo  used  in  cnses  of  hare- 
lip. Tiie  IhiTTON  KirriJiiK,  of  Dr.  Bo/.oninn,  of 
Alabama,  employed  in  vesieo-vaginal  fistula,  is  a 
modification  of  this.  6.  The  SdTUUE  A  AKSE, 
of  Le  Drnn,  has  only  been  employed  in  cases  of 
■wounds  of  the  intestines.  For  this  purpose,  the 
cd^'es  of  the  wound  are  broujrht  together,  and  as 
many  needles,  with  un waxed  threads,  used*  as 
there  are  to  be  stitches.  Each  stitch  is  then 
made  by  passinj^  a  needle  throujjh  the  edges ;  and 
all  the  ligatures  which  belong  to  one  side  of  the 
wound  are  tied  together,  and  twisted  so  as  to  form 
a  thread,  which  is  fixed  externally.  7.  The  Im- 
)>lanti;d  SuTDitK,  (F.)  Suture  imphint^e,  is  formed 
by  pins  arranged  parallel  to  the  edges  of  the 
wound,  and  imjiluiited  in  their  substance.  By 
means  of  threads,  the  needles  are  approximated 
so  as  to  bring  the  edges  of  the  wound  together. 
8.  The  Plastic  SintitK,  so  called  by  Prof.  Pan- 
coast,  of  Philadelphia,  its  proposer,  is  a  suture  by 
tongue  and  groove.  The  groove  is  niiido  by  an 
incision  in  the  part,  which  is  to  receive  the  fiap. 
The  tongue  is  made  on  the  flap  by  bevelling  oft' 
the  two  surfaces,  cuticular  and  adipose.  The 
suture  is  made  by  passing  a  loop  of  thread,  by  two 
punctures,  deep  through  the  inner  lip  of  the 
groove.  The  two  needles  are  passed  through  the 
base  of  the  tongue,  and  again  through  the  outer 
lip  of  the  groove.  The  two  ends  of  the  thread 
are  then  tied  over  a  small  roll  of  adhesive  plas- 
ter, by  which  the  tongue  is,  of  necessity,  forced 
deep  into  the  groove.  Four  raw  surfaces  arc  thus 
firmly  held  in  connection,  making  the  union  of 
parts,  by  this  suture,  a  very  certain  process. 

Si'TURK,  Button,  see  Suture,  (twisted)  —  s. 
Slamp,  see  Suture,  (quilled)  —  s.  Compound, 
Suture,  quilled  —  s.  Continued,  Suture,  glover's 
— «.  Bcni'HeitKe,  Squamous  suture — s.  Eiiipen- 
nfe,  Suture,  quilled — s.  Emphiiiiee,  Suture,  quilled 
— «.  EiichcvillSe,  Suture,  quilled — «.  Enlortillee, 
Suture,  twisted  —  s.  EHlrecoii])ee,  Suture,  inter- 
rupted—  s.  False,  Harmony,  see  Suture  —  «.  Im- 
jdaiilce,  see  Suture,  (implanted)  —  s.  Oodpitide, 
Larabdoid  suture — s.  Occiiiito-parietal,  Lambdoid 
suture  —  ft.  de  Pelletier,  Suture,  glover's — s.  Pe- 
rineal, Perinicorrhaphy — s.  Plastic,  see  Suture 
— ».  (2  Points  ]T(sses,  Suture,  common  —  s.  d 
Poiiitu  afjxtics,  Suture,  interrupted  —  s.  Sagittal, 
see  Sagittal  suture  — «.  SqiKtmcKse,  Squamous 
suture  —  ».  en  Surijet,  Suture,  glover's — s.  Super- 
ficial, Harmony  —  s.  Uninterrupted,  see  Suture, 
glover's. 

SWAB,  from  Sax.  rPebban,  'to  clean  with  a 
mop.'  A  piece  of  sponge  or  rag  tied  to  a  rod  of 
whalebone  or  wood,  for  cleansing  the  mouth  of 
the  sick,  or  applying  remedial  agents  to  deep- 
seated  parts.     The  process  is  termed  Strabhlng. 

SWADDLING  CLOTHES,  Swathing  clothes. 

SWA(}BELLY,  Physconia. 

SWALLOW,  Hirundo  — s.  AVort,  Aselepias 
vincetoxicum  —  s.  Wort,  orange,  Aselepias  tube- 
rosa — s.  Wort,  tuberous-rooted,  Aselepias  tuberosa 
—  s.  Wort,  white,  Aselepias  vincetoxicum. 

SWALLOW'S  NEST,  Nidus  hirundinis. 

SWALME,  Excrescence,  Tumour. 

SWAMP  CABBAGE.  Dracontium  foctidum — 
s.  Dogwood,  Petela  trifoliata  —  s.  Sickness,  Milk 
sickness — s.  Wood,  Cephalanthus  occidentalis, 
Dirca  palustris. 

SWABFF.  Stupor.  Svncope. 

SWATHING  CLOTHES,  StmdflUng  Clothes, 
LiciiiKili'iilii,  Fiiacicp.  Piiinii.  from  Sax.  rpet>an, 
'to  bind.'  (F.)  Mdillot.  The  kind  of  clothing 
or  bandairing  formerly  applii-d  to  children  dur- 
ing the  first  year  of  life.  It  is  now,  properly, 
laid  aside,  anil  every  freedom  allowed  to  muscu- 
lar exertion. 

SWEAT,  Sudor — s.  Bloody,  Sudor  cruentus  — 


s.  Glands,  see  Perspiration  —  s.  Root,   Polemo- 
nium  reptans  —  s.  Scab,  Crusta  genu  equinae. 

SWEATING,  Ephidrosis— s.  Bath,  Achicoluni 
— s.  of  Blood,  see  Diapedesis,  and  Sudor  cruentus 
—  s.  House,  Achicolum — s.  Plant,  Eupatorium 
perfoliatum — s.  lloom,  Achicolum  —  s.  Sickness, 
Sudor  Anglicus. 

Sweating  Sickness,  Malwah.  A  disease 
which  apjiears  to  be  allied  to  the  worst  form  of 
cholera,  and  to  bear  a  close  relation  to  malignant 
congestive  fever.  As  its  name  imports,  it  occurs 
in  Malwah  in  India. 

SWEBBING,  Syncope. 

SWEE,  Vertigo. 

SWEEMING,  Syncope. 

SWEEMISH,  see  Syncope. 

SWEET  BITTER,  Triosteum—s.  Bread,  Pan- 
creas, Thymus  —  s.  Bush,  Comptonia  as])lenifoli;x 
— s.  Fern,  C'omi)tonia  asplcnifolia — s.  Flag,  Acorus 
calamus  —  s.  Pod,  Ceratonium  siliqua  —  s.  Root, 
Aralia  nudicaulis. 

SWELLING,  Eponnste'mn,  Exar'ma,  Exoede'- 
ain,  PicKi'fi,  PrennKi,  Onciie,  Ejctiivie/'ac'tio,  Tumor, 
Tumcfuv'lio,  (Prov.)  nUiiriii;,.  Bo!hI,  Void,  (Old 
Eng.)  Boehe,  Bolh/nrje,  Bohiiiig,  (F.)  L'li/liirc, 
Gdiijicmevt,  from  Sax.  fPellan,  (D.)  swelleu 
(G.)  schwellen,  '  to  swell,'  Morbid  increase 
of  bulk  in  the  whole,  or  a  part,  of  the  body.  See 
Tumour. 

Swelling,  White,  Hydrarthrus. 

SWENSIE,  Cvnanche. 

SWENYNG,  Somnium. 

SWERF,  Stupor,  Syncope. 

SWEKTIA  CIIIRAYITA,  Gentiana  chirayita 
—  s.  Difl'onnis,  see  Caluiiiba  —  s.  Frascra,  see 
Calumba  —  s.  Lutea,  Gentiana  lutea. 

SWEUIN.  Somnium. 

SWEVYNG.  Somnium. 

SWEVYNYNG.  Somnium. 

SWIETE'NIA  FEBRIF'ITGA,  after  Van 
Swieten,  S.  So'inidn,  Soyni^ida  sen  Cedre'io  fe- 
hrif'vijn,  Feb'rifiifie  Swiete'uin,  (F.)  Jiliiliogiiii 
f<'hr\fii(je.  Ord.  Meliaces?.  Sex.  Si/st.  Decan- 
dria  Monogynia.  The  bark  of  this  tree,  which  is 
a  native  of  the  East  Indies,  called  there  ItuheiiH 
Baric,  has  an  aromatic  odour  and  bitter  taste.  It 
is  tonic  and  stomachic,  and  has  been  used  in  in- 
termittents,  and  in  diseases  where  bitter  tonics 
are  indicated.     Dose,  ^j  to  Qij  of  the  powder. 

Swiete'niA  Mahog'ani,  Cednm  Mohotj'ovi, 
Mlahoijiiiiy  Tree,  grows  in  the  M'est  Indies  and 
tropical  America,  and  is  possessed  of  similar  pro- 
perties. 

Saviete'niA  Sexegalen'siS.  Khayo  Senegalen'- 
Ria.  A  common  forest  tree  on  the  borders  of  the 
Gambia.  The  bark  called  Ctn'l-ccdra,  and  A'ure<>ii 
Khayi,  is  bitter  and  antiperiodie. 

SwiETENiA  SoMiPA,  S.  Febrifuga. 

SWIM,  Air  bladder. 

SWIMRLADDER,  Air  bladder. 

SWIMMING.  Natation— s.  Bladder,  Air  blad- 
der—  s.  of  the  Head,  Vertigo.   - 

SWINACIE,  Cvnanche  tonsillaris. 

SWINE-POX,  see  Varicella. 

SWINE-SAME.  Adeps. 

SWINE-THISTLE,  Sonchus. 

SWINNYING,  Vertigo. 

SWOON,  Syncope. 

SWOONING,  Syncope. 

SWOUNDING,  Syncope. 

SYALADENI'TliS,  luflnmma'tio  glmuhdn'- 
nun  aalira'liuiii,  from  innAov,  '  saliva,'  a^riv,  '  .^, 
gland,'  and  itia,  denoting  inflamruition.  Inflam- 
mation of  the  salivary  glands. 

SYCAMINOS.  Morus  nigra. 

SYCAMINUM.  see  Morus  nigra. 

SYCE,  Ficus.  Ficus  carica. 

SYCEA.  Ficus. 

SYCEPH'ALUS,  from  ow,  '  with,'  '  together,' 


SYCION 


SYMPATHY 


and  Kt<t>a\ri,  'head.'     A  monster  having  two  heads 
united  too;ether. 

SY'CION,  lyvKtov,  from  avKov,  'a  fig.'  A  decoc- 
tion of  dried  figs. 

SY'CIOS  ANGULA'TUS.  One-seeded  star 
ciiciiniber.  Wild  Bry'otit/.  The  roots  and  seeds 
of  this  indigenous  plant,  Order,  CucurbitaceiB, 
arc  hitter,  purgative  and  diuretic.  It  is  used  in 
dropsy  in  the  same  eases  as  bryony. 

SYCI'TES,  from  trvKov, '  a  fig.'  Wine,  in  which 
figs  have  been  infused. 

SvoiTRS,  Catorchites. 

SYCOMA,  Fieus. 

SYCO'SIS.  Same  etymon.  A  tumour  of  the 
shape  of  a  fig.  Also,  a  fungous  ulcer.  A  horny 
excrescence  about  the  eyelids.  Dr.  Bateman 
defines  it: — an  eruption  of  inflamed  but  not  very 
hard  tubercles  occurring  on  the  bearded  portion 
of  the  face  and  on  the  scalp,  in  adults;  and 
usually  clustering  together  in  irregular  patches ; 
—  Plii/inn  Si/cdsix,  Jioae'dla  fico'sn,  Acne  men'ta- 
gra.  Of  this  he  has  given  two  species:  1.  Syco- 
sis Ifeiiti,  S.  httrhoBf  Men'tagrn,  Meiitl'(/o,  Varus 
Ifen'trifjra,  3feiitn(/roph'yta,  Chinwelk,  Chrnwlielk, 
linrhtr's  Itch,  (F.)  Dartre  piistu/eiise  weiitiigre  : 
and,  2.  Sycosis  Capil'/i,  S.  CapiUit"ii.  The 
treatment,  in  both  cases,  resembles  that  for  por- 
rigo  favosa. 

Sycosis,  Ficus. 

SYCUM,  Ficus. 

RYDERATIO,  Sideratio. 

SYLLEPSIS.  Conception. 

SYLLEPSIOLOG"IA,  from  avWvlii,  'con- 
ception,' and  Aoyoj,  'a  description.'  The  doctrine 
of  conception. 

SYM,  SYN,  cvv,  'with,  together,'  like  the  ctim, 
con,  col,  cor,  Ac,  of  the  Latins.  A  common 
prefix.  Before  b,  p,  ph,  ps,  and  m, — sym,  or 
a-y/i,  is  changed  into  aym  or  xym,  (com  ;)  before 
e.  rh,  g.  Ic,  and  x,  into  syn  civ  xyn,  avy,  fuy,  (con  ;) 
before  I  into  syl  or  xyl,  (col ;)  before  /•  into  syr  or 
xyr  (cor :)  and  before  s  into  sy  or  ay,  and  sys,  (co 
and  COS.) 

SYAIBLEPHARON.  Ankyloblepharon. 

SYMBLEPHARO'SIS,  Concre'tio  polpcbm'- 
rnm  cum  bidho  oc'uli,  from  sym,  and  (iXcipapov,  'an 
eyelid.'  A  preternatural  adhesion  between  the 
eyelids ;  and  especially  between  the  upper  eyelid 
and  filobe  of  the  eye. 

SvMBi.RPHAROSis,  Ankyloblepharon. 

SYMBOL,  Sym'holnm,  Chnrcicter,  (F.)  Carae- 
Ipre,  from  avjxjiaWut  (aw,  and  /3aX>(<),  'I  throw'), 
'  I  compare.'  A  sign  or  representation  of  some- 
thing else. 

The  following  are  the  symbols  used  in  pre- 
scriptions : 

R,  Recipe.     See  R. 
gr.,  Granum,  a  grain. 
9,  Scrnpxdus  seu  scnipulum,  a  scruple. 
^,  Drachma,  a  drachm. 
"^f   Uncia,  an  ounce, 
lb,  Libra,  a  pound, 
lib,  Libra,  pounds. 
TT\^,  JIfinimum,  a  minim, 
f  3,  FhiidracTima,  a  fluidrachm. 
i"^,  Flnidnncia,  a  fluidounce. 
0,   Octarlus,  a  pint. 
C,  Congiiis,  a  gallon.     See  Abbreviation. 

SYMBOLE.  Commissure. 

SYMBOLEUSLS,  Consultation. 

SYMBOLISMUS,  Sympathy. 

SYMBOLIZATIO,  Sympathy. 

SYMBOLOGICA,  Symptomatology. 

SYMBOLUM,  Sympathy. 

SYMETRIE,  Symmetry. 

SYMETRIQUE,  Symmetrioal. 


SYM'MKLES,  from  sym,  and  /itXo?,  'an  ex- 
tremity.' Mon'opiis.  A  genus  of  iimnsters  wliy.se 
extremities  are  joined  together:  Sirens.  —  1.  G. 
St.  llilaire. 

SYM.METRTA,  Symmetry. 

SYMMET'RICAL,  Synnnet'ricus,  av/iiitTiioi, 
(F.)  Symetrigue,  from  sym,  and  ficriictf,  '  to  mea- 
sure.' An  epithet  given  to  those  jjarts  of  the 
body,  which,  if  seated  on  the  median  line,  may 
be  divided  into  two  equal,  and  perfectly  like 
halves;  or  which  —  if  situate,  the  one  to  tlio 
right,  the  other  to  the  left  of  this  line  —  have  a 
similar  conformation,  and  a  perfectly  analogous 
arrangement. 

SvMJiETiut'AL  Diseases,  see  Symmetry. 

SYM'METRY,  Symmel'ria,  Cummcn'snin,  Mem- 
hro'rnm  Om'nium  Competeti'iia,  Propor'llo,  (P.) 
Symetrie.  The  regularity  in  form,  observed  in 
many  parts,  situate  on  the  median  line;  and, 
also,  the  resemblance  which  exists  between  iniiny 
organs  that  are  situate  on  each  side  of  the  median 
line;  Jiilateral  Symmetry.  Bichat  first  noticed 
that  this  symmetry  was  confined  to  the  organs 
of  animal  life ;  as  the  head,  brain,  spine,  organs 
of  sense,  locomotion,  Ac. 

It  has  been  affirmed — and  there  is  evidence  in 
favour  of  the  assertion  —  to  be  a  law  of  the 
animal  economy,  that  when  uninfluenced  by  dis- 
turbing agents,  all  general  or  constitutional  dis- 
eases affect  equally  and  similarly  the  correspond- 
ing parts  of  the  two  sides  of  the  body.  This  has 
been  called  the  Si/mmetry  of  Diseases;  and  the 
resulting  diseases  are  said  to  be  symmet'ricul. 

SYMMETRY  OF  DISEASES,  see  Symmetry. 

SYM  PARA  TERESIS,  Observation. 

SYMPASMA,  Catapasma. 

SYMPATHESIS,  Sympathy. 

SYMPATHET'IC,  Sympath'icns,  Symptitheii- 
cus,  (F.)  Sympathiqiie,  from  sym,  and  irnSoj, 
'suffering.'  That  which  depends  on  sympathy. 
Sympathetic  affections  of  an  organ  are  those 
morbid  phenomena  that  supervene  without  any 
morbific  cause  acting  directly  on  it,  and  by  the 
reaction  of  another  organ  primarily  affected. 
Thus,  itching  of  the  nose  is  a  symp/itlietir  affec- 
tion, produced  by  irritation  in  the  intestinal 
canal. 

The  epithet  sympatlictie  is,  also,  given  to  dif- 
ferent nerves.  See  Trisplanchnic,  Pneumogastric, 
and  Facial. 

Sympathetic,  Great,  Trisplanchnic  nerve — ?. 
Middle,  Pneumogastric — s.  Nerve,  Trisplanchnic 
nerve. 

Sympathetic  Powder,  Pnlvis  sympnthet'icna 
or  Powder  of  Sympathy  of  Sir  Kenelme  Digby, 
was  composed  of  calcined  sulphate  of  iron,  pre- 
pared in  a  p.articular  manner.  It  was  long  sup- 
posed to  be  able  to  cure  a  wound,  if  applied  to 
the  weapon  that  inflicted  it;  or  even  to  a  portion 
of  the  bloody  clothes.  It  is  proper  to  remark, 
however,  that  the  wound  itself  was  carefully  ex- 
cluded from  the  air,  and  from  .all  irritation. 

SYMPATHETICUS  MINOR,  Facial  nerve. 

SYMPATHETISMUS,  Sympathy. 

SYMPATHIA.  Consent  of  parts. 

SYMPATHICUS.  Sympathetic. 

SYMPATHIQUE,  Sympathetic  —  *.  Nerf, 
Trisplanchnic  nerve. 

SYM'PATHY,  Sympathi'a,  Sympnthe'sis,  Com- 
paa'sio,  Consensus,  Sympathctis'mns,  Xympathi'a, 
Conftux'io,  Conspira'tio,  Commer'cinm,  Consor'- 
tium,  Homoiopathi'a,  Honioeth'nia,  Adelphix'is, 
Symholis'mus,  Symboliza'tio,  Sym'holnm.  Same 
etymon.  The  connexion  that  exists  between  the 
action  of  two  or  more  organs,  more  or  less  dis- 
tant from  each  other;  so  that  the  affection  of  the 
first  is  transmitted,  secondarily,  to  the  others,  or 
to  one  of  the  others,  by  means  unknown.  A 
I  knowledge  of  the  particular  sympathies  between 


SYMTEPSIS 


889 


SYNCIPUT 


different  organs  throws  li^lit  on  the  etiolof^y  of 
di:'eii!<es,  their  seat,  and  the  particular  organs  to- 
wards wiiich  our  therapeutical  meane  should  be 
directed.     See  Irritation. 
SYMI'Kl'SI.S,  Coction. 
SYM  i'KXrS,  Concretion. 
SYMI'llOKA,  Congestion. 
SYMl'IlOREMA,  Congestion. 
PYiMlMlORESrS,  Congestion. 
SYMPIIOKICAR'PUS  KACEMO'SUS,  Snow- 
leiri/;  from  avixfopeio, '  to  bear  together,'  and  Kapnos, 
'tVuil,'  owing  to  tlie  clustered  berries.     An  indi- 
genous plant,    Order  Caprifoliaeeae,    Tribe  Loni- 
cerie.  whose  berries  are  large,  bright  white,  and 
remain  till  winter;  flowering  from  June  to  Sep- 
tember.    The  root  is  tonic  and  astringent,  and 
has  been  used  in  ague;  and  by  the  Indians  in 
syphilis. 

SYMl'IIYIA,  Symphysis. 

SYMlMlYOCEPirAHIS,  Metnp'ogra,  Ceplm- 
lop'iii/i'K,  from  avpKpvrif,  (aw,  and  (pvo),  '  to  grow,) 
'united  together,'  and  k£(/«iA»,  'head.'  A  nion- 
Strositv  in  which  twins  are  united  by  the  head. 

SYMPIIYSEOT'OMY.  Si/mpln/aot'onn/,  %n- 
cli<»i(lri>t'oiiii/,  Si/iiipIii/8eoti/iii' Id,  Si/mphysiotom' ia, 
from  Kiiniplii/Ki",  and  ti^kj),  '  I  cut.'  Tlie  i>]>cra- 
tioii  or  section  iif  the  Si/iiij)lii/nin,  Si(/<nilti(i]i  opera- 
tion or  section.  This  ojicration  is  performed 
with  the  vievv  of  augmenting  the  diameter  of  the 
pelvis,  in  order  to  facilitate  delivery  in  certain 
cases  of  faulty  conformation  of  that  cavity,  with 
wedging  of  the  head  of  the  child  therein.  To 
perform  the  operation,  (F.)  de«i/niphi/ser,  the  fe- 
male is  placed  on  her  back;  the  pubes  Is  shaved; 
and,  with  a  strong  scalpel,  the  soft  parts  are  di- 
vided on  the  median  line.  The  articulation  is 
then  cut.  As  soon  as  the  fibrous  parts,  which 
hold  the  bcnes  together,  are  divided,  they  sepa- 
rate to  a  certain  distance  from  each  other;  and 
the  delivery  may  be  accomplished.  The  knife, 
with  which  the  operation  is  performed,  is  called, 
by  the  French.  Conteaii  ni/iiiphi/.sieii. 

SY.MPIIYS'IA,  from  auji'bim,  'to  grow  to- 
gether.' A  malformation  consisting  in  the  union 
of  parts  that  are  usually  divided.  —  Breschet. 

SYMPirYSrOTO-MIA,  Symphyseotomy. 

SY'M'PIIYSIS,  Si/mplii/'ia,  Cmih'xcen'tia,  Co- 
nl'itns,  Coalil"io,  (F.)  Si/nipiJii/Kie,  from  avfi^viii 
(aw,  'with,'  and  (pvtD,  'I  grow'),  'I  unite  to- 
gether.' A  union  of  bones.  The  bond  of  such 
union.  The  aggregate  of  means  used  for  retain- 
ing hones  in  nitic  in  the  articulations.  The  name 
symphysis  has,  however,  been  more  particularly 
appropriated  to  certain  articulations;  as  to  the 
si/inphi/nis  2)Hbi8,  sacro-iliac  sijnipliysis,  &C,  See 
Monster. 

SyMPnvsis,  Co.alescence,  Commissure,  Inser- 
tion—  s.  Cartilaginea,  Synchondrosis  —  s.  Liga- 
mentosa.  Syndesmosis  —  s.  Ossium  muscularis, 
Syssarcosis  —  s.  Pubis,  Pubic  articulation. 

SY.MPIIYSOTO.VIY,  Symphyseotomy. 

SYM P 1 1 YTOS,  Hereditary. 

SYM'PIIYTUM.  Same  etymon.  Si/mpJn/tiim 
officinti'le  sen  album  sen  fiohe'micum,  Conxol'ida 
major,  Com/rey,  Alum,  AIna,  (Prov.)  Knit-back, 
(F.)  Grande  Connouile,  Oreillen  d'ane.  Ord.  Bo- 
raginace<¥.-  Sex.  Si/it.  Pentandria  Monogynia. 
The  roots  of  this  European  plant  are  very  muci- 
laginous, and  are  employed  as  emollients.  They 
are  used  in  decoction  in  hipmoptysis,  dysentery, 
chronic  diarrhoea,  <fee. 

SvMi'iiYTUM,  Solidago  virgaurea  —  s.  Album, 
SvmphytUMi — s.  Bohemicum,  Symphytum  —  s. 
Minimum,  Bellis  — s.  Minus,  Prunella  — s.  Offi- 
cinale, Symphytum. 

SVMIMIVTHM  PETH-«'inr,  Coria  Hfonnpeh'en'sls, 
Muntficl'lier  Cm-in.  An  intensely  bitter  and  nau- 
seous plant,  which  is  said  to  have  been  useful  in 
syphilis.     See,  also,  Sanieula. 


SYMPLOCARP'US  AXfl USTISPATHA, 
Dracontium  anguslisi)atha  —  s.  Foetida,  Dracon- 
tium  fijetidum. 

SYMPOD'IA,  Moiiopnd'ia,  from  fym,  and  vov{, 
iToioi,  '  a  foot.'  A  monstrosity  in  which  there  is 
coalescence  of  the  lower  extremities. 

SY'MPTOM,  Si/nipto'ma,  Ac'cidens,  Casus,  from 
sym,  and  tttw/ju,  '  a  fall,'  from  tti-tw,  '  I  fall.'  Any 
change,  perceptible  to  the  senses  in  any  organ 
or  function,  which  is  connected  with  morbific  in- 
fluence. It  is  113-  the  aggregate  and  succession 
of  symptoms  that  a  disease  is  detected.  The  term 
symptoms  of  cymptoms  has  been  used  for  the 
etl'ects  which  result  from  the  symjitoms  of  a  dis- 
ease ;  but  which  effects  are  not  essentially  con- 
nected with  the  disease  itself.  Thus,  the  debility 
arising  from  the  frequency  of  evacuations  in  djs- 
entery  is  a  symptom  of  symptoms.  Symptom,  at 
one  time,  was  generally  used  in  the  same 
sense  as  sign  ;  but  with  many,  perhaps  most, 
of  the  present  day,  the  former  signifies  a  func- 
tional or  vital  phenomenon  of  disease,  whilst 
the  latter  is  applied  to  that  which  is  more  directly 
physical;  —  and  hence  the  expressions /HHr?/o?i«i 
or  vital  jihenomena  or  symptoms,  in  contradistinc- 
tion to  the  jiliysical  si</ns  iiti'orded  by  ausculta- 
tion, percussion,  &c.     See  Si;rn. 

SYMPTOM  A  TURPITUDINIS,  Nympho- 
mania. 

SYMPTOMAT'IC,  Symptomat'lcus,  (F.)  Symp. 
tomatiijue.  That  wliich  is  a  symptom  of  some 
other  afl'ection.  Thus  we  spealv  of  a  symptomatic 
disease,  in  opjiosition  to  one  that  is  idiopathic. 
SYMPTOMATOtiRAPllY,  Semeiography. 
S  Y  M  P  T  0  M  A  T  OL'OtiY',  Symptomatolo(j"ia, 
Fymbidot/"ica,  from  symptoma,  and  Aoyof,  'a 
treatise.'  The  branch  of  iiathology,  the  object 
of  which  is  the  knowledge  of  symptoms. 

SYMPTO'SIS,   from  sym,  and   mwrui,  'I   fall.' 
Depression   or   collapse,   emaciation   or  atrophy, 
either  of  the  whole  body  or  of  a  part. 
SYN,  Svm. 

SYNiEKEMA,  Corrugation. 
SYNyl-n'lON,  Concausa. 

SY'NANCIIE,  Cynanclie,  Cynanche  tonsillaris. 
<S' y'NA  JVC/h'.  Cynanche. 
SYNAPIIYMENITIS,  see  Ophthalmia. 
SYNAPTASE,  see  Amygdalin. 
SYNARTHRODIA,  Synarthrosis. 
SYNARTHRO'DIAL,    Synarihrodla'Us,    from 
syn,   and   ajj&itwan,    'articulation.'       That   which 
belongs  to  synarthrosis;  as  Synarthrodial  articu- 
lation. 

SYNARTHKO'SIS,  Synarthro'dia,  Abarticn- 
la'tio,  Coarticulo'tio.  An  immovable  articulation. 
Synarthrosis  includes  three  species:  Suture, 
Harmoni/,  and  Gomp/hosis. 

SYNATHROESIS,  Congestion. 
SYNATHROISMUS,  Congestion. 
SYNCAN'THUS,  from    syn.   and    Kavdo^,    'the 
corner  of  the  eye.'     A  morbid  adhesion  between 
the  globe  of  the  eye  and  the  orbit. 

SYNCHONDRO'SIS,  Sym'physis  seu   Cop'ula 
seu    Connex' io   cartilarjin'ea,    Cliondrosyndesm' us, 
from   syn,  and  x"^^!'"^'  '^  cartilage.'     Union   or 
articulation  of  bones  by  means  of  cartilage  : — as 
the  articulations  of  the  ribs  with  the  sternum,  by 
means  of  their  cartilages  of  prolongation. 
SYNCIIONDROTOMY,  Svmph/seotomy. 
SYNCH ROXIUS,  Synchronous. 
SYN'CHRONOUS.  'Syndn-onns,  Synchron'lus, 
Isnch'ronoiiK,  from  syn,  and  ^^^povos,  'time.'     That 
which  occurs  at  the  same  time.     Thus  the  pulsa- 
tions of  an  artery  are  said  to  be  synchronous  with 
those  of  the  heart. 

SYNCHRONUS,  Synchronous. 
SYNCHYSIS,    Confusio  — s.  Sparkling,   Con- 
fusio. 

SYNCIPUT,  Sinciput. 


SYNCLONESIS 


890 


SYNOCIIUS 


SYNCLONESIS,  Syncloniis. 
SYN' CLONUS,  Si/nclone'iih,  from  o-uyxXorco), 
((Tvv,  and  /c>oi/£u),  '  I  shake,')  '  I  shake  together.' 
Tremulous,  simultaneous,  and  chronic  agitation 
of  various  muscles,  especially  when  excited  by 
the  will;  Cloii'ici  nuiversa'les,  67«»i(»,  (Young. ) 
Also,  general  spasm,  spav'mua  tiiiiversa  lis.  See 
Tremor,  Chorea,  &c. 

Synclonits  Ballismus,  Paralysis  agitans  —  s. 
Beriberia,  Beriberi  —  s.  Chorea,  Chorea — s.  Ra- 
phania,  Raphania  —  s.  Saltans,  Chorea  —  s.  Tre- 
mor, Tremor. 

SYNCOMIS'TUS,  from  .ruyico^i^cj,  (aw,  and 
Kofii^i,),)  'I  bring  together.'  Aiitop'i/ros,  Panis 
(/otite/i'ticui,  seciDiddrhin,  ciha'riun,  confusa' nens. 
Bread  of  the  whole  wheat,  or  of  the  unsifted 
meal.  Household  bread.  Also  a  cataplasm  made 
of  the  same. 

SYN'COPAL,  Sijttropa'Jh,  Si/ncop'ticus,  Si/n- 
co))'tus.  Same  etymon  as  Syncope  ;  as  Si/ii'copal 
Fever,  Fehris  &'i/iicopa'lis.  A  pernicious  inter- 
mittent, characterized  by  repeated  attacks  of 
syncope.        _ 

SYN'COPE,  from  avyKonTO),  (aw,  and  kottto), 
'to  fall,')  'I  fall  down.'  An'iini  defec'tio  seu 
deli'quiuin,  Leipopsr/ch'  in,  Lipopnycli'ia,  Ap- 
si/ch'ia,  Apyyx'iit,  Lipsis  An'imi,  Aspliyx'ia, 
ApopnijeJi'id,  LipotJn/iii'ia,  Leipothym'ia,  Lipoa- 
pdiyx'ia,  Evhps'is,  Su'hitiia  aiiimi  castts,  Aiicn- 
cephalohce'iiiia,  Ap'nyohi/,  Swoon,  Si(jooni?i</, 
Fiiintincf,  Fiiintiiitj  Jit,  Fnintness,  Fwohi'lion, 
(Sc.)  Draw,  DiKtbn,  Siortrff,  Sicerf,  Swartli, 
(Prov.)  Fuwer,  Sicebhing,  Sweemiwj,  Swoundiuy, 
Sound,  (F.)  Evnnouissement,  DefuilUince,  Pa- 
inoison.  Complete  and,  commonly,  sudden  loss 
of  sensation  and  motion,  with  considerable  dimi- 
nution, or  entire  suspension  of  the  pulsations  of 
the  heart  and  t"he  respiratory  movements.  Syncope 
is,  commonly,  an  affection  of  no  consequence; 
]int,  sometimes,  it  is  an  index  of  diseased  heart. 
Placing  the  patient  in  the  horizontal  posture; 
sprinkling  cold  water  over  the  face,  and  the  ap- 
plication of  volatile  substances  to  the  nose,  are 
all  that  will  be  required  during  the  fit.  See  As- 
phyxia, and  Suffocation. 

An  approach  to  this  condition  is  termed  fctint- 
ishness  ;  and  the  person  is  said  to  ha  faint,  (Prov.) 
Siieeminh. 

Syncope  Angenr,  Angina  pectoris  —  s.  Angi- 
nosa,  Angina  pectoris. 

SYNCOPTICUS,  Syncopal. 

SYNCOPTUS,  Syncopal. 

SYNCRITICA,  Astringents. 

SYNDACTYLUS,  Aschistodactylus. 

SYNDESMI'TIS,  see  Ophthalmia.  Also,  in- 
flaramation  of  articular  ligaments  ;  Inflamma'tio 
llrjrimrnto'nnn,  from  syndeamoa,  '  ligament,'  and 
?((«,  denoting  inflammation. 

SYNDESMOG'  RAPHY,  Syndeamograph' ia, 
from  ayndeamon,  'a  ligament,'  and  ypatpv,  *a  de- 
scription.' A  description  of  the  ligaments.  The 
part  of  anatomy  which  describes  the  ligaments. 

SYNDESMOL'OGY,  Syndesmolof/'ia,  from 
Kyndeamoa,  'a  ligament,'  and  \oyoi,  'a  treatise, 
discourse.'     A  treatise  on  the  ligaments. 

SYNDES'MO-PIIARYNGE'US.  A  fasciculus 
of  the  constrictfir  pharyngis  superior. 

SYXDE^MOS.  Ligament. 

SYNDESMO'SIS,  Synnewo'aia,  Synyme'nesia, 
Conuex'io  seu  Sym'phyaia  Ugamento'aa,  Comniia'- 
sn'rn  ncr'ven,  Connervri'tlo,  Coll  if/a' tio,  from  ayn- 
dcxtnua,  '  ligament.'  The  articulation  of  two  or 
more  bones  by  means  of  ligament; — as  of  the 
radius  with  the  ulna. 

SYNDESiMOT'OMY,  Syndeamotom'in,  from 
gyiideamon,  'ligament.'  and  tc/ivii),  'I  cut  or  dis- 
sect.'    Dissection  of  the  ligaments. 

SY'NDESMUS,  Bandage,  Ligament. 


SYN'DROME,  from  syn,  nndiVo/ioj,  'a  course.' 
Conciir'aiia,  Coucourae.  A  name  given  by  the 
Empirical  Sect  to  the  union  of  symptoms  which 
takes  place  in  diseases  : — Syndrome  jiUtho'riia, 
for  example,  meant  the  union  of  symptoms  pro- 
duced by  plethora. 

SYNDYASMUS,  Coition. 

SYNECHES,  see  Continued  fever. 

SYNECIII'A,  from  ayn,  and  cxuv,  '  to  have,'  or 
'to  hold.'  Adhesion  between  the  iris  and  trans- 
parent cornea,  or  between  the  iris  and  crystalline 
lens.  The  former  case  is  called  Syneehiu  aiile'- 
rior  ;  the  latter,  S.  jwatc'rior. 

SYNENERGIA,  Synergy. 

SYNElUilA.  Synergy. 

SYNEliGIE,  Synergy. 

SYN'ERGY,  Synergi'a,  Synenen/i'a,  (F.)  Sy. 
nerrjie ;  from  syii,  and  t/iyov,  '  work.'  A  correla- 
tion or  concourse  of  action  between  different  or- 
gans in  health  ;  and,  according  to  some,  in  disease. 

SYNESIS,  Intellect. 

SYNEUROSIS,  Syndesmosis. 

SYNEZI'SIS,  Synize'aia,  Conaiden'tia,  from 
syn,  and  ^tvyvvtiv,  'to  join.' 

Synezi'sis  'PvpUji,'jE,Parop'aia  Synizeaia,Cidi'- 
go  a  Synizeai,  Caligo  sou  Imper/ora'lio  sou  PlilJii- 
sia  piipillcB,  Amyo'ais,  Uloanre  or  occlit'sion  or  06- 
litera'tion  of  the  Pnpil.  This  disease  is  sometimes 
a  faulty  conformation,  depending  upon  the  con- 
tinued existence  of  the  membrana  pupillaris,  or 
the  absence  of  the  pupil.  It  is,  in  other  words, 
eoni/cnital.  At  other  times,  it  is  owing  to  acci- 
dent, and  supervenes  on  violent  ophthalmia,  or 
on  the  operation  for  cataract.  They  who  are 
affected  with  synezizis  are  completely  blind  :  the 
iris  having  no  central  aperture.  In  certain  cases, 
a  remedy  may  be  obtained  by  making  an  opening 
in  the  iris,  which  may  supply  the  phice  of  the 
pupil,  and  through  which  the  rays  of  light  may 
reach  the  retina.  This  operation  is  called  the 
ojierniion  for  orlificial  pnpil. 

SYNGENES,  Jlereditary. 

SYNGENICUS,  CongenitaL 

SYNllYMENESIS,  Synymenesis. 

SYNIMENESIS,  Synymenesis. 

SYNIZESIS,  ConsJdentia,  Synezisis. 
"    SYNNEUROSIS,  Syndesmosis. 

SY'N'OCHA,  from  awe^'^,  (aw,  and  cx(i>,  'I 
have  or  hold,')  'I  continue.'  hiJUxm'tnatory  or 
Dytiani'ic  Fever,  Angiop'yra,  SlJienop'yro,  Febria 
canao'dea  seu  cinimato'dea  seu  den'reiia  seu  iirdena 
seu  eontin'uu  aanrjnin'ed  seu  eontin'na  non  pnlria 
seu  aeniaa'tica  seu  acu'ta  seu  acu'ta  sxiiigniu'cn 
seu  eini'tinena  seu  continens  non  pn'irida  seu  an- 
(jioten'icn  seu  athe)iica  seu  aanguin'ea  seu  in- 
fummato'ria,  llomut'onoa,  Syn'ochua  (Vogel),  S. 
inipu'tria  (Galen),  Ene'eia  ciiuma  seu  ton'ira, 
Phlof/ojj'yrua,  Caiitna,  Calenturn  continua,  (P.) 
Fieiue  urdente  ou  eontinente  infnmmatoire  OU  . 
annijuine  ou  irritative  ou  angeioteniqne  ou  in- 
Jianrmatoire,  Gaatro-enterite  intenae  ;  Uener(d  in- 
flammation. A  species  of  continued  fever,  cha- 
racterized by  increased  heat;  and  by  quick, 
strong,  and  hard  pulse  ;  urine  high-coloured  ;  dis- 
turbance of  mind  slight.  It  requires,  of  course, 
the  most  active  treatment. 

Synocha  Rhedmatica,  Rheumatism,  acute — s. 
Vaccina,  Vaccina. 

SY'N'OCHAL,  SynocJia'lis;  same  etymon.  Re- 
lating to,  or  having  the  characters  of,  synocha. 

SY'N'OCHUS,  Ene'eia  syn'ochua,  Febria  lenln, 
(LinniEus,)  same  etymon.  Continued  fever,  com- 
pounded of  synocha  and  typhus: — in  its  com- 
mencement often  resembling  the  former;  in  its 
progress,  the  latter :  3Iixed  fever.  Common  eon- 
tinued  fever,  Syn'ochoid  fever.  See  Continued 
fever,  Fever,  and  Typhus. 

Syngcuks,  Synocha — s.  Biliosa.  Fever,  gastric. 
Fever,  bilious — s.  Catarrhalis,  Influenza — s.  Icte- 


SYXOLCE 


891 


SYPHILIS 


rodes,  Fcvor,  yellow  — s.  Impntri!",  Synocha  —  s. 
Miliaria.  IMiliar-y  fever— s.  Varicella,  Varicella, 

SYNOLCH,  Spasm. 

SYNONIA.  Synovia. 

8YN0STl':0G'RAPllY,,Vy„o«reor/,Y,>;nV/,from 
Kipi,  odTtov,  Ji  '  bone,'  and  ypa./iu),  '  I  defcrilje.' 
Tlie  part  of  anatomy  which  describes  the  joints. 

SYNOSTEOL'Ot/Y,  Sipi<>iite(ih„j";u,  from  mjit, 
ouTtov,  'a  bone,'  and  Aoyoj,  'a  treatise.'  A  trea- 
tise on  the  joints. 

SYNOSTEO'SIS,  S\i/}i<into'sh,  from  syn,  and 
bcTcov,  'a  hone.'      Union  by  means  of  bone. 

SYNOSTEUT'OMY,  S,j„o^i,'ot,„„'ir,,  from  syn, 
'with,'  oaTcuv,  'a  bono,'  and  Tiixvuk,  'to  cut.' 
Dissection  of  the  joints. 

SYNOSTOSIS,  Synosteosis. 

SYNO'VIA,  from  »i/ii,  and  uov,  'an  egg.' 
Jiliicila'fjo,  Uii'(j(ivn  sen  Uiifjiieu'tHin  seu  Smri/iiia 
articuld're,  Si/iio'iiia,  A.ruii'(/iti  •nrticulu'ris,  Jliici- 
ht'ffo  artlculo'ruvi  seu  jiiiictiiyn'rum.  Humor  arti- 
ciiln'riH,  Jfi/drarllinis,  Humor  seu  flu' milium  nolt'- 
viim  sou  Gliitcn  ftrliciilo'riim,  Artlirohi/driiie,  (F.) 
,Sj/iiorle.  A  fluid  resembling  the  white  of  egg,  which 
is  exhaled  by  the  synovial  membranes  surround- 
ing the  moveable  articulations.  The  synovia  has 
been  fi)und,  on  analysis,  to  consist  of  water,  albu- 
men, soda,  ciiloride  of  sodium,  phosphate  of  lime, 
and  —  Fouroroy  fancied  —  uric  acid.  Its  use  is 
to  lubricate  the  joints,  and  the  sheaths  in  which 
tendons  play. 

SYNO'VIAL,  Sijnovia'lh.  That  which  relates 
to  the  synovia. 

Synoviaf,  Gland.s, //i-'rej's's  Glandu,  Glrind'iiJce 
artivula'ren  seu  Si/iiovin'/e"  seu  Havemio'iicB,  are 
the  secretory  fringes,  which  float  in  the  interior 
of  the  synovial  capsules  (see  Capsules.)  They 
do  not  seem  to  be  glandular.  They  have  been 
called  Si/iio'riiil  fini'bricB,  (F.)  Fraiiges  aynoviales. 

SYNOVI'TIS,  from  Synovia,  and  ilis,  a  ter- 
mination denoting  inflammation.  A  term,  badly 
compounded,  ajiplied  at  times  to  inflnnimation 
of  the  synovial  membrane,  arthrojjJiloi/o'Hi-i  syiio- 
via'liH.  When  it  atfocts  the  Imrsie,  it  is,  some- 
times called  Biirsi'tis. 

Synovitis  Kheumatismalis,  Piheumatism, 
(acute.) 

SYN'TASIS,  cvvracii,  from  cwrciviii,  (aw,  an3 
rtivit),  '  I  stretch,')  '  I  strain.'  Tension  of  parts  : 
licnce  ffuiTonita.  are  medicines  which  render  parts 
tense.  Synte.r'is,  on  the  other  hand,  means  Col/i- 
qiKi'tio,  or  wasting  of  the  bodyj  from  avvrriKu), 
'  I  melt  toffetber.' 

SYNTAXIS.  Articulation,  Reduction,  Taxis— 
B.  Serrata,  see  Suture. 

SYNTECOPYRA.  Hectic  fever. 

SYNTECTYCOFYRA,  Hectic  fever. 

SYNTENO'SIS,  from  «j/h,  and  rtvMv,  'a  ten- 
don.' A  species  of  articulation  in  which  two 
bor.es  are  joined  by  means  of  tendon  ;  as  the  sesa- 
tnoid  bones  with  the  toes,  the  rotula  with  the 
tibia,  itc. 

SYXTERESIS,  Prophylaxis. 

SYNTER  ETICUS,  Prophylactic. 

iSYNTEXIS,  CoUiquation,  Consumption,  sec 
Syntasis. 

SYNTIIENA.  A  term  employed  by  Paracel- 
sus to  designate  a  species  of  epilepsy,  accompanied 
by  enrdialgia  and  tormina. 

SYN'THESIS,  Ri'ii'uio,  'composition  or  put- 
tinsr  together,'  from  xyu.  and  rt^vin,  'I  place.'  A 
surgical  operation,  which  consists  in  uniting  parts 
that  are  divided  ;  and  aiiproximaling  such  as  are 
separated  or  distant  from  each  other.  Reu'uio 
pnr'tiiim  Kcparatu' nun,  Syii't/icsis  of  contiiin'ity, 
means  the  union  of  the  edges  of  ii  wound,  or  the 
nppro.xinintion  of  the  extremities  of  a  fractured 
bono  Si/nthmio  of  contii/n'i'y  is  the  reduction 
of  .lisplaccd  organs;  as  in  cases  of  hernia  and 
luxations. 


Sv.vTnEsrs,  Composition. 

SYNTHETIS'.MUS,  same  etymon.  The  ag- 
gregate  of  operations  and  means  for  reducing  a 
fracture,  and  maintaining  it  reduced:  —  compris- 
ing extension,  counter-extension,  coaptation,  auj 
bandaging. 

SYNTOXINE,  see  Fibrin, 

SYNTRIMMA,  Contritio. 

SYNTRIPSIS,  Contritio. 

SYNTROPHOS,  Connutritus, 

SYNULOSIS,  Cicatrization. 

SYNULOTICA,  Cicatrisanlia, 

SYNUSIA.  Coition. 

SYNl'ME'NESIS,  Synhyme'ttesis,  Synime'ne- 
8in,  from  »yn,  and  'vfiriv,  'a  membrane.'  Uninn 
of  bones  by  membrane,  as  in  the  case  of  the 
bones  of  the  head  in  the  foetus. 

Synymenesis,  Syndesmosis, 

SYPHAR,  Peritoneum. 

SYPHILIDES,  Syphili'da,  (F.)  Dcrmo-^yphi. 
lides,  Dernintosies  vt'roh-iines.  Same  etymon  as 
Syphilis.  The  cutaneous  eruptions  that  accom- 
pany constitutional  syphilis  are  so  denominated 
by  the  French  writers. 

SYPHILIDIA'TER,  Syplnlidia'tnis,  from  Sy- 
pJiilis,  and  larpoi,  'a  physician.'  A  pox  doctor. 
One  who  occuiiies  himself  in  treating  syphilis, 

SYPHILIDOMANIA,  Syphilomania. 

SYPHILIPIIO'RIA,  from  Syphilis  and  </,o/3«f, 
'dread.'  A  morbid  dread  of  syphilis,  giving  rise 
to  fancied  s3'mptoms  of  the  disease  :  a  form  of  hy- 
pochondriasis. 

SY'PH'ILIS,  S.  vene'ren  seu  mab'(j'na,  Siphi- 
lia,  Syphilin'muK,  Cachex'ia  seu  Cftcochyni' in  Ve- 
ne'rea,  Malum  vene'reum,  Pnden'daijra,  Me'vium, 
Lues,  L.  rene'rea  sen  nypliilis,  Morbus  Gul'licus 
seu  Ital'icus  seu  Hispun'icus  seu  Neapolita'ims 
seu  In'dicus  seu  nj^hrodin'ius,  Patiirsa,  Bwilis'- 
cus,  Bo(B,  Sod'oma  Gallo'rum  ;  Veuerenl,  Vene- 
real Disease,  Pox,  French  Pox,  French  Crutt, 
French  Distemper,  Ford  Disease,  old  cant  term, 
G riwomes,  (Prov.)  Pip,  (Sc.)  Olevyore,  Glenyonr, 
Grandgore,  (F.)  ^'erole,  iValadie  vhierienne,  Mol 
de  Atopies,  3fal  Francois,  Jl/a/adie  de  Venus. 
The  etymology  of  syphilis  is  unknown.  Some 
consider  it  to  proceed  from  uvf,  'a  hog,'  and 
(ptXtu),  'I  love;'  others,  from  avi',  'with,'  and 
(iiXeii),  'I  love;'  and  others,  with  more  proba- 
t)ility,  from  atil'Xoi,  —  formed,  by  contraction, 
from  ctithXos, — 'a  reproach,'  Ac.  It  is  an  infec- 
tious disease,  communicable  by  coition,  or  by  the 
contact  of  parts  that  are  only  lined  with  a  thin 
epidermis;  as  the  lips,  nipple,  &c.  It  generally 
makes  its  first  appearance  by  a  chancre,  followed 
sooner  or  later  by  a  bubo.  The  chancre  is  a  pri- 
mary symptom  or  sore;  but  there  are  others 
which  are  secondary  or  constilntional.  These 
are:  —  ulcers  in  the  throat;  copper -coloured 
blotches  on  the  skin  ;  pains  in  the  bones,  nodes, 
etc. :  the  last  are  sometimes  termed  tertiary  phe- 
nomena. The  origin  of  syphilis  is  not  known. 
It  is  believed  to  have  been  introduced  into 
Europe  from  America,  at  the  end  of  the  15th 
century  [?].  Its  progress  is  extremely  variable, 
as  well  as  its  duration,  which  is  often  unlimited, 
if  left  to  itself.  Mercury  may  be  esteemed  tl'.o 
best  remedy,  but  the  disease  admits  of  cure  with- 
out it.  Almost  every  antisyphililic  composition, 
whose  use  is  attended  with  success,  probably  con- 
tains mercury  united  with  diaphoretics  or  other 
medicines.  It  is  genorally  sufficient  to  keep  tho 
mouth  sore  for  a  fortnight  for  the  cure  of  chancre  : 
for  venereal  sore  throat,  and  other  recent  consti- 
tutional symptoms,  eight  or  ten  weeks  will  be 
required  :  and,  of  course,  a  longer  time,  if  these 
symptoms  have  persisted  longer.  Sometimes, 
after  mercury  has  been  given  for  a  time,  the 
symptoms  continue  stationary  ;  and  do  not  yield 
until   the   mercury   has   been    discontinued,  and 


SYnilLISATIOX 


892 


SYRUP 


tonics  and  eutrophics  liave  been  administered. 
The  preparations  of  iodine  liave  been  much  used, 
of  late,  in  tlie  rcvellent  treatment  of  this  disease. 
Syphilis  Ixuica,  Franiboesia. 
Syphilis  Psi:iido-Syphilis,  Ltteii  Sjphilo'des, 
Piieiid(i-»i/phih's.  A  term  given  to  ulcers  or  other 
affections  that  resemble  sy|)hilis,  but  are  inde- 
terminate in  their  character, —  the  symptoms 
being  irregular  in  their  appearance,  and  usually 
yielding  spontaneously,  or  under  the  use  of  tonics, 
change  of  air,  Ac.  The  condition  has  not  been 
at  all  well  defined.  The  SivBeiis,  I{adeiiy,(je,  &a., 
have  been  referred  to  this  head. 

SYPHILIS  A  TION,  Svphilization. 
SYPIIILfSMUS,  Syphilis. 
SYPIIILIT'IC,     S/jphilit'icua,    (F.)    Si/phiHt- 
ique,  Veroliqiie,  Verolt'.    Belonging,  or  relating  to 
syphilis  — as  '  a  xi/phih'tic  ulcer.' 

SYPIIILIZA'TION,  ^yjij/z/Vmi'd'o,  (F.)  Syphi- 
lixation.  Saturation  of  the  system  by  inoculation 
■with  the  matter  of  syphilis.  It  has  been  used  as 
a  curative  procedure  in  syphilis,  as  well  as  a  pre- 
ventive of  that  disease;  and  for  the  cure  of  other 
cachexias,  as  cancer. 

SYPllILODERM'A,  from  srjphUis,  and  bipjia, 
'skin.'  A  cutaneous  eruption  of  a  syphilitic 
character.  —  E.  Wilson. 

SYPJIILOG'RAPIIER,  from  sijpJnlia,  and 
y/ju^w,  'I  describe.'     A  writer  on  syphilis. 

SYPiriLOID,  SyphiloVdes ;  from  i^yphilh, 
andti^us,  'resemblance.'  Kesembling  syphilis, — 
as  'a  m/j,}iil(,id  affection.' 

SYPIIILO.MA'NIA,  Sijphilidnma'nia,  —  vul- 
garly, Niiddle  I'lix.  A  mania,  with  which  some 
persons  are  affected,  so  that  they  subject  them- 
selves to  antivenereal  treatment,  under  the  erro- 
neous impression  that  they  are  affected  with 
syphilis. 

SYPHITA,  Somnambulism. 
SYPIIOAURICULARIS,  Otenchytes. 
SYPIIOX,  see  Siphon. 

SYllIOMOPlIO'NIA,  from  ffupiy^o;,  'piping,' 
and  'huivr],  '  voice.'     A  piping  state  of  the  voice. 
SYRIGMUS,  Tinnitus  aurium. 
SYllINGA,  Eustachian  Tube,  Fistula,  Syringe, 
Tr.ichea — s.  Clysmatica,  Syringe,  (Clyster.) 

Syiun'ga  Vulga'uis,  Lilac  vuh/a'rh,  Cummon 
Lilac.  Ord.  Oleaccaj.  The  leaves  and  fruit  are 
bitter  and  somewhat  acrid,  and  have  been  used 
as  tonics  and  antiperiodics. 

SYRINtiE,  Si/r'iiix,  Syrin'gn,  Sipho  Siphun'- 
culns,  Sijiiirt,  (F.)  SeriiKjue,  from  trupiyf,  avgiyyoi, 
'a  pipe.'  A  familiar  apparatus  through  which 
any  liquor  is  injected. 

Varicms  forms  of  syringe  are  used  in  medicine 
and  surgery. 

Syiungb,  Clyster,  Sijrin'fja  clysmat'ica,  Clyi- 
antli'um,  (F.)  Clysojxiiiipe.  A  syringe  for  ad- 
ministering clysters. 

Syringk,  Cuppimg,  Antlia  sanguisuga. 
SYP.INGKS  AHlUFERr,  see  Bronchia. 
SYRIXGICUS,  Fistulous. 
SYRINGI'TIS    EUSTA'CHII,    Inflammation 
of  the  Eustachian  tube. 

SYRINGMOS,  Tinnitus  auriura. 
SYRINGODES,  Fistulous. 

SYRINGOTOME,  Syri„;,ot''omm,  Syrinrjot'- 
07)11(01,  from  aupiyi.  avpiyyai,  'a  pipe,'  'a  fistula,' 
and  Tiuvuv,  'to  cut.'  A  surgical  instrument,  for- 
merly used  in  the  operation  dtr  Jhtida  in  aiio.  It 
is  a  bistouri,  coneave  at  its  edge,  and  terminated 
by  a  long,  flexible,  prol)e-pointed  stylet.  This 
stylet  or  probe  was  first  introduced  by  the  ex- 
ternal opening  of  the  fistula  into  the  rectum, 
whence  it  was  drawn  externally  through  the 
anus,  carrying  with  it  the  cutting  edge  of  the 
instrument,  which  divided  the  intermediate 
parts. 


SYRIXGOT'OMY,  Syriiu/ntom'ia.  Same  ety- 
mon as  the  last.  The  operation  for  fistula  in  ano 
by  incision. 

SYRINX,  Eustachian  tube.  Fistula,  Syringe, 
Trachea — s.  liicia,  A'crlel)ral  column. 

SYRMAIS'MOS,  from  avpitat^u>,  '  I  evacuate.' 
A  gentle  evacuation  by  vomiting  or  stool. 

SYJiOP,  Syrup  — 6.  d'Ail,  Syrupus  allii  —  ». 
d' Aniioise  cmiiposi,  Syrujjus  nroinaticiis  —  «.  de 
Chiciiree  cmiipone,  Syrupus  de  cichorio  composi- 
tus — s.  den  Cinq  ravines,  Syrupus  e  quiiuiue  ra- 
dieibus — ».  de  Cwpielieot,  Sjrupus  rhoeados — g.de 
Cnisinier,  Syrii|)us  de  sarsaparilla  et  senna  com- 
positus — s.  d'Ellier,  Syrupus  cum  iethcre  suljiiiu- 
rico  paratus — s.  de  Ginijenihi-e,  Syrn|)us  zingibc- 
ris  —  «.  de  Guinianre,  Syrupus  althiciC  —  ».  de 
Longne  vie,  Mellitum  do  mercuriali  compositum — 
s.  de  Merciire,  Syrupus  de  inercurio  mediante  gum- 
mi — s.  de  Man  de  veaii,  see  Syrupus  zingiheris — «. 
de  Jliircs,  Syrupus  mori — s.  de  iV'ecyjcii/i,  Syrupus 
rhamni  —  ».  de  Pavuts  hhuics,  Syrupus  papaveris 
— s.  de  Pumnies  compose,  see  Syrupus  senna)  —  «. 
de  Quinquina  avec  le  Vin,  Syrupus  de  kina  kinQ, 
cum  vino  — «.  de  Rimes  pales,  Syrupus  rosu; —  «. 
de  Roses  roncjes,  Syrupus  rosas  —  ».  de  Vinaigre, 
S.  aoeti. 

SYRUP,  Simp,  Syv'npus,  Sernpi'iim,  Sernpe'- 
um,  (F.)  Syrop,  Sirop,  Saccharole  liqnide,Sncehur. 
hydrate ;  derived,  according  to  some,  from  avjtia,  'I 
draw,'  and  ojrof,  'juice;'  but  more  probably,  Croiu 
the  Arabic  Siruph,  Sirab,  or  Sdiaruh,  which  sig- 
nifies '  a  potion.'  A  saturated  solution  of  sugar 
in  water,  either  simply,  or  united  with  some 
vegetable  or  other  principle.  Syrujis,  in  general, 
require  two  pounds  of  sugar  to  the  pint,  and  ihoy 
are  judged  to  be  sufficiently  boiled  when  a  por- 
tion, taken  up  in  a  spoon,  flows  like  oil.  In  the 
Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United  States,  it  is  directed, 
that  syrnpa,  whose  density  is  not  precisely  deter- 
mined by  the  process,  should  have  the  s.  g.  1'2I')1 
when  boiling,  and  about  1'319  at  ordinary  tem- 
peratures. Syrups  should  be  kept  in  small  bot- 
tles in  a  cool  place.  They  are  chiefly  used  to 
render  medicines  palatable.  See  Syrupus  sim- 
plex. 

Syrup  of  Aljionps,  Syrupus  amygdalae. 

Syuup,  A.NTiscoitiiUTic,  Syrupus  antiscorbu- 
ticus  —  s.  Balsamic,  Syrupus  tolutanus. 

Syrup  of  Buckthorn,  Syrupus  rhamni — s.  of 
Calf's  lungs,  see  Syrupus  zingiberis — s.  of  Capil- 
lairc,  common,  Syrupus  simplex — g.  of  Cinchona 
with  wine,  Syrupus  de  kina  kin^  cum  vino  —  s. 
of  Cinchonia,  Syrupus  cinchoniee  —  s.  of  Citric 
acid,  Syrupus  acidi  citrici  —  s.  of  Clove  July 
flower,  Syrupus  carj'opliylli  rubri  —  s.  of  Clove 
pinks,  Syrupus  Caryophylli  rubri  —  s.  of  Cochi- 
neal, Syrupus  cocci  —  s.  of  Emetine,  Syrupus 
emetinae  —  s.  of  Ether,  Syrupus  cum  a;there  sul- 
phurico  paratus  —  s.  of  Five  roots,  Syrupus  o 
quinque  radicibus— ^s.  of  Garlic,  Syrniius  allii — s. 
of  Ginger,  Syrupus  zingiberis — s.  of  Gum  Arabic, 
Syrupus  acaci;j3. 

Syrup,  Hive,  Syrupus  scilla;  composifus. 

Syuup  of  JIoney,  Mellitum  simjilex — s.  of 
Iodide  of  iron.  Liquor  Ferri  iodidi  —  s.  of  Ipeca- 
cuanha, Syrupus  ipecacuanhac  —  s.  of  Jalap, 
Syrupus  jalapaj  —  s.  of  Lemon,  Syrujjus  limo- 
nis  —  s.  of  3Iarshniallow,  Syrupus  alth»ae  — 
s.  of  Meadow  saffron,  Syrupus  cokhici  au- 
tumnalis  —  s.  of  acetate  of  Morphia,  Syrupus 
niorphi*  acetatis — s.  of  muriate  of  Morphia,  Sy- 
rupus morphite  muriatis  —  s.  of  Mugwort,  com- 
pound, Syrupus  aromaticus  —  s.  of  Mulberries, 
Syrupus  mori  —  s.  of  Orange  juice,  see  Syrupus 
aurantii — s.  of  Orange  peel,  Syrupus  aurantii — i. 
of  Orgeat,  Syrupus  amygdala) — s.  of  Poppies.  Sy. 
rupus  papaveris — s.  of  Poppy,  red,  Syrupus  rhoe- 
ados—  s.  of  Quinia,  Syrupus  quinisc — s.  of  Khu- 


SYRUPUS 


893 


SYRUPUS 


tany,  Syrupns  krainorino— s.  of  Rhnharb,  Syrupus 
rhei— s.  of  Khubnrb,  iiroiiiiUic,  Syrupus  rhei  aro- 
lualicus  —  8.  of  Khul.arb,  spiceii,  Syrupus  rhei 
nromaticus  —  s.  of  Roses,  Syrupus  rosse  —  s.  of 
Hoses,  red,  Syrupus  rosae  Kallicac— s.  of  Saifron, 
Syrupus  croci— 8.  of  Sarsaparilla,  Syrupus  sarsa- 
parillae — s.  of  Sarsaparilla  and  senna,  compound, 
Syrupus  de  sarsaparilla  ct  senna  cornpositus  — s. 
of  Sarsaparilla,  compound,  see  Syrupus  de  sar- 
paparilla  ct  senna  conipositus — s.  of  Sarsaparilla, 
Indian,  Syrupus  hemiilesnii  —  s.  of  Scammony, 
Syrupus  de  seaiumoniaj  —  g.  of  Scncka,  Sy- 
rupus senegae  —  s.  of  Senna,  Syrupus  senna3 — s. 
Simple,  Syrupus  simplex — s.  of  Scjuill,  Syrupus 
Bc-illic  —  s.  of  Squill,  compound,  Syrupus  scillte 
conipositus  —  s.  of  Succory,  compound,  Syrupus 
de  ciehorio  conipositus — s.  of  Tolu,  Syrupus  tolu- 
tanus — s.  of  Vinegar,  Syrupus  aceti  —  s.  of  Vio- 
lets, Syrupus  violae — s.  of  Wild  cherry  hark,  Sy- 
rupus Pruni  Virginianae. 
SYRUPUS,  S.  simplex. 

Syuui'iTS  AcA'cMi,  Syrnp  of  Gum  Arabic,  {Aca- 
cim  3ij.  &'<iecli«i--  .^xv,  Aq.  f  Jviij.  Dissolve  the 
gum  in  the  water  ;  add  the  sugar,  and  strain. 
Ph.  U.  S.)   A  good  pectoral  syrup.     Dose,  f  gj  to 

SvRUPUS  Ace'ti,  S.  Ac"idi  Aceto'at,  Syrup  of 
Vinccjar,  (F.)  S'l/roj}  de  Vinaif/re.  (Aceti  Oiiss, 
sncch.  pitrif.  Ihiiiss.  Boil  to  form  a  syrup.  Ph. 
E.)  It  is  refrigerant  and  antiseptic.  Dose,  f^j 
to  f^ij. 

Syrupus  Acini  Acetosi,  S.  aceti. 

Syrupus  Ac"idi  Cit'uici,  Syrup  of  Citric  Acid. 
{Acid.  ciVri'c.  pulv.  ^ij;  01.  Limon.  X<\jv  ;  Syrup. 
Oij.  Rub  the  acid  and  oil  with  an  ounce  of  the 
Eyrup;  add  the  rest  of  the  syrup,  and  dissolve 
with  a  gentle  heat.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Virtues  the  same 
as  those  of  the  Syrupus  Liinonis. 

Syrupus  cum  tE'there  Sulphu'rico  Para- 
TUS,  Syrup  of  Ether,  (F.)  Syrup  d' ether.  (Very 
pure  siKjnr,  1000  p.  ;  distilled  water,  500  p.  ;  dis- 
solve in  the  cold,  and  strain  ;  add  suljyhuric  ether, 
4S  p.  Shake  for  five  or  six  days,  and  draw  off 
the  limpid  syrup.  Ph.  L.)  Properties  like  those 
of  ether. 

Syrupus  Al'lii,  Syrup  of  Garlic,  (F.)  Syrop 
d'ail.  (Alia  recent,  coneis.  _^vj,  acet.  destillat. 
Oj,  sacehar.  Ibij.  Macerate  the  garlic  in  the  vi- 
negar, in  a  glass  vessel,  for  four  days  ;  then  ex- 
press the  liquor  and  set  it  by,  that  the  dregs  may 
subside  ;  lastly,  add  the  sugar  to  the  clear  liquor, 
and  proceed  in  the  manner  directed  for  syrup. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  Use,  same  as  that  of  garlic.  Dose, 
f 3J  to  f ,3iv. 

Syrupus  Ai^th.^'^,  S.  ex  Althcs'd  seu  de  Al- 
ih(Ba  seu  Althcea  officina'lis,  Syrup  of  Jfarsh- 
mallow,  (F.)  Syrop  de  Guimauve.  (AlthoBCB  rad. 
rcceut.  cont.  Ibss,  saceh.  pnr.  Ibij,  aqua  Oiv.  Boil 
the  root  in  the  water  to  one-half,  and  press  out 
the  liquor;  when  cold,  defecate;  add  the  sugar, 
and  boil.  Ph.  L.)  Emollient  and  demulcent. 
Dose,  f ^j  to  f.^iij. 

Syrupus  Amomi  Zingiberis,  S.  zingiberis. 

Syrupus  Amyg'dal.e,  Syrup  of  Almondu,  S. 
of  Orf/eaf,  Orgeat.  {Amyydal.  dule.  ibj,  amyijdal. 
amar.  ^iv,  aqucB,  Oiij,  sacehar.  Ibvj.  Blanch  the 
almonds,  and  rub  them  in  a  mortar  to  a  very  fine 
paste,  adding,  during  the  trituration,  three  fluid- 
ounces  of  the  water,  and  a  pound  of  the  sugar. 
Mix  the  paste  thoroughly  with  the  remainder  of 
the  water  ;  Jtrain  with  strong  expression  ;  add 
the  remainder  of  the  sugar  to  the  strained  liquor, 
and  dissolve  it  with  the  aid  of  a  gentle  heat. 
Strain  the  syrup  through  fine  linen,  and  having 
allowed  it  to  cool,  put  it  into  bottles,  which  must 
bo  well  stopped,  and  kept  in  a  cool  place.  Ph. 
U.S.) 
Syri'pus  AvTicAUSOTictT?,  see  Anticausodic. 
Srnupus  A.ntiscoubu'ticus,  ^.  de  Armora'cid 


conipositus,  Autlncorhn'tic  Syrup.  (Leaves  of 
cochleitria,  hucl;bean,  icaler-cresnes,  horse-radinh 
root  and  bitter  orauges,  each  Itjj,  ciunamon,  ^iss. 
Cut,  and  pour  on  white  wine  Ibiv.  Macerate  for 
two  days ;  distil  over  Oj  in  a  sand-bath  ;  add 
to  this  sufjar,  tbij,  and  form  a  syrup.  Again, 
take  what  remains  in  the  cucurbit:  jiass  it 
through  cloth  ;  let  it  rest;  decant, and  add  sugar 
Ibij  ;  make  into  a  syrup,  and  clarify  with  white 
of  egg.  Mix  it  with  the  first  while  yet  warm. 
Ph.  P.)  Antiscorbutic,  alterative,  tonic,  stoma- 
chic, &c.     Dose,  f,5ij  to  f§ij- 

Syrupus  Aromat'icus,  S.  de  Ariemis'id  coni- 
positus, ConipoHiid  Syriij)  of  Mug  wort,  (F.)  Syrop 
d'uruioite  compose.  (Tops  of  artemisia  vulgaris, 
in  flower,  ,^vj,  inula  root,  ligiisticitm  levistivum, 
vir\A  fennel,  each,  ^ss,  pennyroyal,  catmint,  saviue 
leaves,  each  .^vj,  marjoram,  hyssop,  pyrethrum, 
rue,  basil,  each  ^iij,  aniseed  and  cinnamon,  each 
,^ix  :  bruise  and  macerate  in  hydromel  Itixviij  ; 
distil  over  Oss  ;  add  to  this  a  pound  of  sugar. 
Again,  take  the  liquid  that  remains  in  the  cucur- 
bit, strain  it  gently;  and  add  sugar  ftiv.  Then 
mix  the  two.  Ph.  P.)  Tonic,  emmenagogue, 
&c. 

Syrupus  de  Armoracia  Compositus,  S.  anti- 
seorbuticus — s.  de  Artemisia  compositus,  S.  anti- 
scorbuticus — s.  Asparagi,  see  Asparagus. 

Syrupus  Auran'tii,  .S'.  Anrantio'rum  seu  Citri 
Aurantii  seu  Cor'ticis  Anrantii  seu  Aurantli  Cor- 
ticis  (Ph.  U.  S.)  seu  e  Cortic"ibus  Aurantio'runi 
seu  de  Oortice  Anrantio'rum,  Syrup  of  Orange 
peel.  {Aiiraut.  cori.  cont.  ^ij,  aq.ferv.  Oj,  saceh. 
Ibijss.  Macerate  the  peel  in  the  water  for  twelve 
hours.  Add  the  sugar.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Stomachic. 
Dose,  f  ,^j  to  f  .^ij. 

A  Syrup  of  Orange  Juice,  Orange  Sherbet,  Sy- 
rupus e  succo  Aurantioruni,  may  bo  made  by  add- 
ing white  sugar  Ibij  to  Ibj  of  the  juice  of  oranges, 
strained  and  clarified. 

Syrupus  Balsamicus,  S.  tolutanus. 

Syrupus  Caryophyl'li  Rubri,  S.  Infusio'nis 

florum  caryophyllo'rum,  S.  Dianthi  Caryophylli, 
Syrup  of  Clove  July  Jloicer  or  of  Clove  Pinks. 
[Petalornm  dianth.,  caryoph.  recent.,  unguiluis 
resectis,  Ibj,  aqua  bull.  Oiv,  saceh.  purif.  Ibvij. 
Ph.  E.)     Aromatic. 

Syrupus  Cassi/E  Senn^,  S.  sennas. 

SYRtiPus  DE  Cicho'rio  Compos'itus,  (S'.  de 
Rheo,  Compound  Syrup  of  Succory,  (F.)  Syrop  de 
chicoree  compose.  [Root  of  succory  ^vj,  leaves 
of  succory  5ix,  leaves  of  fumitory  and  seolopen- 
driiim,  each  ,^iij,  AlJcekengi  berries  1^\}.  Bull  in 
water  Oxiv  to  Oxij  :  pass  through  cloth,  and  dis- 
solve in  white  sugar  lb  v.  Boil  till  it  has  the  con- 
sistence of  syrup.  Again,  take  water  Oviij,  rhu- 
barb 5vj,  yellow  Sanders  and  cinnamon,  each  ,^ss. 
Infuse  for  twenty-four  hours  ;  pass  throu;,'li  linen, 
and  add  the  preceding  syrup.  /'/(.  P.)  It  is 
laxative  and  stomachic.     Dose,  f  3J  to  f  .^ss. 

Syrupus  CiNcnoNyE  cum  Vino,  S.  de  kiua  kina 
cum  vino. 

Syrupus  Cincho'nij5,  Syrup  of  Cinrho'nia. 
(.Simple  syrup  one  pound  ;  sulphate  of  ciuchonia 
nine  grains.  Mix.)  Six  spoonfuls  are  commonly 
sufficient  to  arrest  an  intermittent. 

Syrupus  Citri  Aurantii,  S.  aurantii. 

Syrupus  Cocci.  Syrup  of  Cochineal.  (Cocc. 
cont.  Qiv.  Aq.  destillat.  bull  lent.  Oj  (Imp.  meas-. ), 
sacehar.  Ibiij,  vel  q.  s.  Sp.  rectificat.  f.^iiss,  vet 
q.  s.  Ph.  L.)     Chiefly  used  as  a  coloring  agent. 

Syrupus  Col'chici  Autumna'lis,  S.  CoUhid, 
Syrup  of  Meadow  Saffron.  (Rad.  coleh.  autumn, 
recent,  ^j,  acidi  acetosi,  f^xvi,  saceh.  pur.  ^^xxvj. 
Macerate  the  root  in  the  vinegar  for  two  days, 
occasionally  shaking  the  vessel;  then  strain  with 
gentle  expression.  To  the  strained  fluid  add  the 
sugar,  and  boil  to  a  syrup.  _Ph.  E.)  Diuretic, 
antiarthritic.     Dose,  f^j  to  f^ss,  or  more. 


SYRUPUS  CROCI 


89  4 


SYRUPUS   RIIEI 


Syrupus  Corticis  Aurantii,  S.  aurantii  — s. 
Citri  mcdicae,  S.  litnonum  —  s.  e  Succo  citronuui, 
S.  limonuin. 

Svr-UP_i^^S  Croci,  <S[(/n;;)  of  Suffron.  {Oroei 
stif/inat.  2J.  oqiteB  fervent.  Oj,  sacrh.  piinf.  tbiiss. 
Fh.  L.)     Cardiac.     Chiefly  used  for  colouring. 

Svitm'us  UiAC'ODiON,  Diacodium  —  s.  Diantlii 
Caryophylli,  S.  caryophylli  rubri. 

Syuupus  Emkti'.\^:,  Syrup  of  Em'etine.  (Sini- 
ple  syrup  lt)j,  emetine  10  gr.)  In  small  doses,  ex- 
pectorant; and  in  large,  emetic.  , 

Syuupus  Empykbumaticus,  Melasses — s. Ferri 
iodidi,  Liquor  Ferri  iodidi. 

Syuupus  \\E}s\\riKs'}.u,  Syrnpnf  In'dian  Sarsn- 
parill'a.  {Hentidenm.  cont.  ^iv  (avoirdup.),  Aq. 
ilestillat.  liiUient.  Oj  (Imp.  meas.),  sacchar.  q.  s. 
P/i.  D.)     A  weak  preparation  of  hemidesmus. 

Syuupus  IIydrargyri,  Syrupus  de  niereurio 
mediante  gummi — s.  Infusionis  florum  caryophyl- 
lorum,  Syrupus  caryophylli  rubri. 

Syuupus  Ipecacuan'h^,  Syrup  of  Tpecneunn- 
ha.  (Ipecac,  in  pulv.  crass,  ^j,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oj, 
gacchar.  Ibiiss,  aqucB  q.  s.  Macerate  the  ipecacu- 
anha in  the  alcohol  for  14  days,  and  filter.  Eva- 
porate the  filtered  liquor  to  6  fluidounces,  again 
filter,  and  add  suflicient  water  to  make  the  liquid 
measure  a  pint;  add  the  sugar,  and  evaporate  by 
a  water-bath  to  a  proper  consistence.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
It  may  also  be  prepared  by  displacement. 

Syrupus  de  Jalap'a,  Syrup  of  Jalap.  {Pulv. 
Jaliipcp^x,  sem.  coriandr.,  fa'nicul.  dulc.Tia,  ^ss  ; 
aqucB  t'^^\jsg,  nacc/i.  ^Kxv.  Fh.  P.)  Cathartic. 
Dose,  f  5U  tf  ^n'^  f"""  children. 

Syrupus  df,  Kina  Kina  cum  Vino,  S.  Cincho'- 
nm  cum  vino.  Syrup  of  Cinchona  with  loine,  (F.) 
Syrnp  de  quinquina  avec  levin.  (Cort.  ciuchoncR 
officiuulin  ^^ij,  ext.  cinchona;  3^.i'  ^'"''  "^^''  (  ^'^'"• 
Lunel.  seu  cujunviii  ei  sinii/is,)  Oj,  alcohol  (s.  g. 
■085  to  •915.)  f^j,  socchar.  alb.  Ibiss.  Bruise 
the  cinchona;  gradual!}'  add  the  alcohol,  so  as 
to  form  a  soft  mass  ;  pour  on  the  wine;  macerate 
for  two  days,  and  strain.  Dissolve  the  extract, 
add  the  snirar,  and  make  a  syrup.  Fh.  F.)  Dose, 
f^ss  to  f  .^j. 

Syri'Pus  KRAME'ui.'f;,  Syrup  of  Rhat' any.  (E.ct. 
Kramer,  ^^ij.  aquee  Oj,  sacchar.  Ibijss.  Dissolve 
the  extract  in  the  water,  and  filter;  then  add  the 
sugar,  and  form  into  syrup.  Ph.  U.  S.  It  may 
also  be  made  by  disjilacement  from  kramer.  in 
j)ulv.  crass,  ibj,  sacchar.  tbiiss;  aq.  q.  s.)  An 
adjunct  to  astringent  mixtures;  or  given  in  diar- 
rhoea, a  teaspoonful  to  a  child. 

Syuupus  Limonis,  S.  Limonum — s.  Succi  limo- 
nis,  S.  limonum. 

Syrupiis  Limo'nujt,  S.  limonin  (Ph.  U.  S.)  seu 
citri  med'iccB  seu  e  succo  citro'num  seu  e  succo 
linio'num  seu  succi  linio'nis,  Syrupof  Lemon,  Le- 
mon Syrup.  (Liinon.  aucc.  colat.  Oj,  sacchar.  Ibij.) 
Cooling,  antiseptic. 

Syrupus  e  Meconio,  S.  papaveris — s.  de  Melle, 
Mellitum  simplex. 

Syrupus  de  Mercd'rio  Median'te  Gummi,  S. 
Hydrar'gyri,  Mercu'riiis  gummo'sus  Plenck'ii,  (F.) 
Syrop  de  mcrcure,  Mercnre  (jommeux  de  Flenck. 
{Hydrargyri pur.  I^j,  p.  qtim.  acacia,  ,^iij,  syrnp 
diacod.  ^ss.  Rub  together  till  the  mercury  is 
extinguished.  Fh.P.)  Possesses  the  properties 
of  blue  pill.     Dose,  gr.  ij  to  viij,  or  more. 

Syrupus  Mori,  .S'.  e  succo  moro'ruin  seu  «i(cct 
viori,  Syrup  of  Mul'herries,  (F.)  Syrop  de  mures. 
(Jfori  sure,  colat.  Oj,  sacchar.  pmrif.  Ibij.  Fh,  L.) 
Gratefully  refrigerant. 

Syrupus  e  Succo  Mororum,  S.  mori. 

Syrupus  MoRPn'i.f;  Aceta'tis,  Syrnp  of  ace- 
tate of  morphia.  (Liq.  v)orphi(P  acet.  f  5j,  syrup 
f  ^xv.   Ph.  D.)     Dose,  f  5ss  to  f  ,^j,  as  an  opiate. 

Syrupus  Morph'ijk  Muria'tis,  Syrup  of  mu'- 
riate  of  morphia.      (-^''j.  tnorph.   miiriat.   f^j; 


syrup  f^xvij.  M.  Fh.  D.)  Dose,  f^ssto  f5J,  as 
an  opiate. 

Syrupus  Morphia  Si;lpha'tis  may  bo  made 
in  the  same  way. 

Syrupus  Niger,  Melasses. 

Syrupus  1'apav'eris,  S.jwpareris  somnireri 
?e\\  jyaparcris  alhi  seu  enieco'nio  seu  ile  niecoi.io, 
Diaco'ilium,  Syrup  of  poppies,  (F.)  Syrop  de  pa- 
vots  bhincs  ou  Diacode.  {J'apav.  capsul.  cxsiccat. 
et  contus.  exemptis  seminibus,  §xiv,  sacch.  jiur. 
tbij,  aq.  fervent,  cong.  ijss.  JIacerate  the  caji- 
sules  in  water  for  12  hours;  boil  to  a  gallon,  and 
express  stronglj'.  Boil  the  liquor  to  Oij  ;  and 
strain  while  hot.  Defecate  by  rest,  and  boil  Ic 
Oj,  adding  the  sugar  so  as  to  form  a  syrup.  Ph. 
L.)  One  ounce  contains  about  one  grain  of  opium. 
Anodyne  and  demulcent. 

The  Dul)lin  college  has  a  Syrupus  Opii,  called 
Common  Syrup  of  Poppir",  which  is  made  by  dis- 
solving 18  grains  of  the  Watery  E.rtract  of  Opium 
in  18  ounces  of  boiling  water.  Properties,  those 
of  opium  and  syrup. 

Syuupus  de  Papavere  Erratico,  S.  rhoeados 
—  s.  de  Pomis  compositus,  see  S.  scnnno. 

Syrupus  Puote.1v,  see  Protea  mellifera. 

Svuui'us  Pruni  Virginia'n.i^,  Syrup  of  Wild 
cherry  bark.  (Pruni  \'iryiuian.  in  pulv.  crass, 
^v,  sacchar.  Ibij,  A-(jucb,  q.  8.  Moisten  the  bark 
with  water;  let  it  stand  for  24  hours;  transfer  it 
to  a  percolator;  pour  water  gradually  upon  it, 
until  a  pint  of  filtered  liquor  has  passed.  Add 
the  sugar  in  a  bottle,  and  dissolve  by  agitation. 
Ph.  U.  S.,  1851.)  Dose,  as  a  demulcent  expec- 
torant, f_^j  to  f.^iij. 

Syuupus  e  Pulmonibus  Vitulinis,  see  Syrupua 
Zingiberis. 

Syrupus  Qui'ni^,  Syrup  of  Quinia,  (Simple 
syrnp,  2  pints,  suljjhate  of  quiuia,  64  grains.)  Six 
spoonfuls  are  commonly  sufficient  to  arrest  an  in- 
termittent. 

Syrupus  e  Quinque  Radi'oibus,  Syrup  of  five 
roots,  (F.)  Syrop  des  cinq  racinee.  (Had.  apii, 
fwniculi,  apii  petroselini,  aa  ^^v.  Infuse  for  24 
hours  in  boiling  Avate'r  Oiiss,  and  strain.  Fad. 
aspurac/.,  rusci  aculeati,  aa  ^v,  aqua;,  Ovij.  Boil 
and  reduce  to  half;  adding,  towards  the  end,  the 
residue  of  the  jjreceding  infusion.  Boil  again  for 
some  minutes;  strain,  and  add  ivhite  sugar,  Hjvj. 
Ph.  P.)  Aperient  and  diuretic.  Used  in  obstruc- 
tions of  the  liver,  spleen,  and  mesentery;  and  in 
dropsy,  itc.     Dose,  f.^ss  to  f^j.  or  more. 

Syrupus  Riiamni,  S.  Fhamni  cathat'tici  sen  de 
Spina  cervi'nd  seu  spina;  cervi'nes,  Si/rup  of  Btick- 
thorn,  (F.)  Syrop  de  iierprun.  (Fhamn.  baccar. 
suec.  recent.  Oiv,  zingib.  rad.  concis.,  pimentm 
bacc.  contrit.,  aa  ,^ss,  sacch.  purif.  Itjiiiss.  Defe- 
cate the  juice  for  3  days,  and  strain.  To  a  pint 
of  this,  add  the  ginger  and  pimento  ;  macerate  for 
4  hours,  and  strain  ;  boil  what  remains  to  Oiss. 
Mix  the  liquors  and  add  sugar,  so  as  to  form  a 
syrup.  Fh.  L.)  Cathartic,  but  apt  to  gripe.  Dose, 
f  3iv  to  f  5ij. 

Syrupus  Riiei,  Syrup  of  Rhubarb.  (Rhei,  in 
pulv.  crass.,  ,^ij  ;  Alcohol,  Oss  ;  Aqu(p,  Oiss;  sac- 
char. Ibij.  Mix  the  alcohol  and  water;  pour  f.^iv 
on  the  rhubarb,  mixed  with  an  equal  bulk  of  sand, 
and  allow  the  whole  to  stand  four  hours;  put  the 
mass  into  a  percolator,  and  gradually  pour  on  the 
alcohol  and  water.  By  means  of  a  water-bath, 
evaporate  to  f.^xiij  ;  add  the  sugar,  and  malic  a 
syrup.  Ph.  U.  S.)'  Dose  to  a  child,  as  a  laxa- 
tive, one  or  two  teaspoonfuls. 

SYUtrpus  Riiki  Aromat'icus,  Aromatic  or 
Spiced  Syrup  of  Rhubarb.  (Rhei  cont.  ,^ii?s; 
Garyophyl.  cont.,  Cinnam.  cnnt.  aii  ,^ss  ;  Myrist. 
cont.  ,5ij  ;  Alcohol,  dilut.  Oij  ;  Syrup  Ovj.  Mh- 
cerate  the  rhubarb  and  aromatics  in  the  diluted 
alcohol  for  14  days,  and  strain  ;  then,  by  means 
of  a  water-bath,  evaporate  the  liquor  to  a  i)int, 


SYRUPUS    DE    RIIEO 


895 


SYRUrUS   ZINGIBERIS 


and  while  still  hot,  mix  with  the  syrup  previonnly 
hcivteil.  Pli.  U.  S.)  It  may  also  bu  made  by  the 
procesa  of  displiK^cinent. 

Tlio  aroiiiiitic  syrup  of  rhubarb  is  a  ;:entle  car- 
ininnlivo  catliurtic.  Dose  to  a  child,  f 3J ;  to  i" 
adult,  t.^j 

Syihi'US  I)K  Rhi;o,  Syrupus  de  Cichorio  coni- 
jio.-itiis. 

8vui'Pt'S  RiICe'ados,  .S'.  de  pnpnr'ete  errat'icn 
peu  jxi/iriverln  erriitici,  Sip-tip  of  Red  P<ipp!l,  (F.) 
iSijiii))  dn  i-iiqiiflicot.  (Itliattd.  pet(d.  recent,  thj, 
(iq.  fervi'iit.  i' ^xvu),  s((cch.  piirif.  tbiis?.  To  the 
water,  heated  in  a  wnti'r-bath,  add  the  petals. 
Remove  the  vessel;  inaeerate  for  12  hours;  ex- 
jires.s  ;  defecate,  and  add  sugar  to  form  a  syrup. 
J'li.  L.)     Chiefly  used  to  give  colour. 

A  factitious  syrup  is  often  made  of  aloes,  dis- 
solved in  simple  syrup. 

SvilliPl'S  RoSiG,  is.  roiin'nim  aoluti'vus  seu  e 
roKis  Kiccin  seu  roHOi  vfutifu'licB  seu  roHa'ceim 
Sdhili'viiK,  >^!/''iip  of  JioHev.  (F.)  Syrap  de  roxen 
pub^n.  (RoiCB  out  if.  petid.  exsicc.  ,^vij.  Hatch, 
piinf.  fbvj.  tiq.  fervenl.  Oiv.  Macerate  the  petals 
for  12  hours.  Evaporate  the  strained  liquor  to 
lt)iiss.  Aild  the  sugar.  Ph.  L.)  Gently  laxative. 
Dose,  f^lU  to  f3iss,  or  more. 

Syuuimis  Rosa:  (}  ai/liC45,  Syrup  of  Red  Rosen, 
(F.)  Si/rop  lie  rones  rtnu/en.  (Rosa  Gidllc.  pet<tl. 
exsicc.  ,^vij,  aqiicB  hidl.  Ov,  Hficch.  pin  if.  Ibvj  ; 
prepared  like  the  last.  Ph.  E.)  Mildly  astrin- 
gent. Added  to  stomachic  infusions. 
Syriipijs  Sacohahi,  S.  Simplex. 
Svni'Pus  Sarsapahil'l^,  S.  Samce,  S.  Snrza:, 
Si/nq)  of  Sursapitrilla.  (Riid.  Sdrxnp.  cont.  It)j, 
aqitcB  bitllietit.  cong.,  socch.  pnrif.  Ibj.  Macerate 
the  root  for  24  hours  ;  boil  to  Oiv.  Strain  while 
hot;  add  the  sugar,  and  boil.  Ph.  L.)  Used  in 
the  same  cases  a:5  the  root.  Dose,  f^j  to  i'^'n', 
and  more. 

SVRIIPUS  DR  SAnSAPARIl/l.A  F.T  SkNNA  CoM- 
POs'lTUS,  ConipoHiid  Sj/riip  of  SarmijiarlUii  and 
Sennn,  (F.)  Si/rop  de  Ciiixiiiier.  (Had.  Snrsnp. 
concis.  tbij.  Infuse  for  24  hours  in  warm  icaler 
Oxij  ;  boil  for  a  quarter  of  an  hour:  pass  with 
expression,  and  boil  again  the  residuum  in  Ox  of 
water.  Reduce  this  to  Ovj,  and  repeat  the  ope- 
ration 2  or  :'  times.  JNIix  all  the  liquors  and  boil 
them  together  with  flowers  of  huroye,  n-hilc  roses, 
senxa  leaves  and  anis/ed,  each  ^ij  ;  reduce  to  half; 
pass,  and  add  houey  tt)ij.  Roil  to  a  syrup.  Ph.  P.) 
It  is  considered  to  he  alterant,  depurative,  and 
Budorific.     Dose,  f^ss  to  f.^i.j. 

A  similar  syrup,  under  the  name  Syrupus 
Sarsaparii/lvE  Compos'itus,  Compound  Syrup 
of  Sarsaparilla,  is  directed  in  the  Pliarmacop(eia 
of  the  United  States.  (Sarsaparill.  cont.  Ihij  ; 
Lifjii.  guaiac.  rasur.  ,5iij  ;  Ros(b  ceutifol.,  Seuum, 
Glycyrrhiz.  cont.  aa  ,^ij  ;  01.  Sassafras.  01.  Aiiisi. 
Ha  TT\^v.  ;  01.  Gaullherim  m.  iij  ;  Alcohol,  ditut. 
Ox.:  .S'rrrr/^rr.  ftviij.  Macerate  the  snrsaparilla, 
giiaiacum  wood,  roses,  senna,  and  liquorice  root 
in  the  diluted  alcohol  for  14  ilays  ;  express  and 
filter.  Evaporate  the  tincture  in  a  warm  bath  to 
four  pints;  filter,  add  the  sugar,  and  form  into 
syrup.  Lastly,  having  rubbed  the  oils  with  a 
small  quantity  of  the  syrup,  mix  them  thoroughly 
with  the  remainder.      Ph.  U.  S.) 

If  may  also  be  made  by  the  process  of  dis- 
placement. 

Syri'pus  SarSvK,  S.  Sarsaparilla)  —  s.  Sarzac, 
S.  Sarsaparilhe. 

Syrupus  pk  Sca^imo'mo,  Syrup  of^Scnm'mnuy. 
(I'uh:  Scainmoii.  ^fi'._sacch.  alb.  ^iv,  alc<diol. 
(s.  g.  "9^5  to  ■9\b)  f^viij.  Heat  the  mixture 
mocrerately  :  then  set  tire  to  the  alcohol  with  a 
lighted  taper;  agitate  constantly,  until  the  flame 
is^extinffuished.  Suffer  it  to  cool  :_pass  through 
cloth,  and  add  Sjrvp  of  Viokis,  f^iv.     Ph.  P.) 


^}  contains  18  grains  of  scamraony.     Dose,- f  Jj 
to  f.^ss. 

Sykiipus  SciLLyE,  S.  nciUil'icus  seu  scdlce  mn- 
rit'imcB,  Syrup  of  Squilln.  {Ace/,  scillce.  Oj,  nacch. 
Ibij.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Diuretic,  expectorant,  and 
emetic.  Used  in  the  same  cases  as  the  oxymel. 
Syrupus  Scii.l.k  Compos'itus,  Mel  Scillce. 
Co  III  posit  urn,  C'inipouud  Homy  of  Squill,  Com- 
pound Syrup  of  Squill,  Hive  Syrup.  (Seillm 
cont.;  Seueiim  cont.  iiri  .^iv;  Autim.  et  Potasses 
Tart.  gr.  xlviij  :  Aqua;  Oiv;  Sacchar.  Ihiiiss. 
P<iur  tlie  water  upon  the  squills  and  scncka,  and, 
having  boiled  to  one-half,  strain  and  add  the 
sugar.  Then  evaporate  to  three  pints,  and  while 
the  syrup  is  stifl  hot,  dissolve  in  it  the  tartrate 
of  antimony  and  potassa.  It  mjiy  also  he  made 
by  the  process  of  displacement.     Ph.  U.  S.) 

It  is  often  given  as  an  emetic  in  cases  of  croup, 
and  in  catarrh,  especially  in  children.  Dose,  to 
infants,  10  drojis  to  a  drachm,  repeated  every  15 
minutes,  if  vomiting  he  desirable. 

SviM'PUS  Sks'i-xJ/K,  Syrup  <f  Seneln.  (SenegcB 
cont.  ,^iv;  Aqucp.  0 j  :  Sacchar.  Ibj.  Boil  the  wa- 
ter with  the  seneka  to  one  half,  and  strain  ;  then 
add  the  sugar,  and  form  into  syrup.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
It  may  also  be  formed  by  the  process  of  dis- 
placement. 

This  is  a.  favourite  stimulant  expectorant  [?] 
with  many  practitioners.     Dose,  f^^j  or  f^'j- 

Syrupiis  Sknn^,  .S'.  eassicr,  hcuikb,  Si/rup  of 
Senna.  [ScnncB  ^ij,  sem.  focnicul.  cont.  ^j,  sacch. 
pur.  ^Kv.  aqucE  /jullicif.  Oj.  Macerate  the  senn.a 
leaves  and  fennel-seeds  with  a  gentle  heat  for  an 
hour.  Strain  :  add  the  sugar,  and  make  into  a 
syrup.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Cathartic.  Dose,  fgij  to 
f^^iss,  or  more. 

The  Parisian  Codex  has  a  Syrupus  de  Sennd  of 
a  compound  character,  called  Syrupus  de  pomis 
compos'itus,  (F.)  Syroj)  de  pommes  compose.  It 
contains,  also,  borage,  bugloss,  <tc.  Dose,  f3s3 
to  f^ij. 

Syrupus  Simplex,  Syrupus  (Pb.  U.  S.),  .S". 
Sac'chari,  Sae'eharuin  clarifica'tuvi,  Liqua'rium, 
Simple  Syrup,  Syrup,  Common  syrup  of  capillaire. 
(Sacch.  purif.  Itjiiss,  aqua;  Oj.  Diss(dve  the  sugar; 
set  aside  for  24  hours  ;  remove  the  scum,  and  pour 
off  the  clear  liquid.)  Used  to  cover  nauseous 
tastes,  <fec. 

Syrupus  de  Spina  Cf.rvina,  Syrupus  rhamni 
—  s.  de  Stoechade  communis,  see  Lavendula. 

Syrupus  Toiuta'ni's,  X  Toluta'ui  seu  toluif- 
eree  bal'satni  seu  balsani'icus,  lialsnm'ic  syrup. 
Syrup  of  tolu.  (Tinct.  T<dut.  f^iss  ;  Aqua.  Oj  ; 
Sacchar.  Ibiiss.  Mix  the  tincture  with  the  sugar 
in  coarse  powder;  expose  it  on  a  shallow  dish  to 
a  gentle  heat,  until  the  alcohol  has  evaporated; 
pour  the  water  upjon  it;  heat  gradually  until  the 
sugar  is  dissolved,  and  strain.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Use — 
to  give  flavour. 

Syrupus  Vi'ot..*;,  ^S".  viola  odorn'la,  S.  viola'- 
rum,  S.  e  succo  viola'ruin,  Syrvp  of  Violets.  (Flor. 
recent.  vi(d.  odorat.  Ihij.  aq.  bull.  Oviij,  sacch.  pur. 
tbxv.  Macerate,  in  a  covered  vessel,  for  24  hours : 
pass,  without  expression,  through  linen  ;  add  the 
sugar  so  as  to  form  a  syrup.  Ph.  E.)  Very 
gently  laxative.  Dose,  f^j  to  f^ij. 
Syrupus  e  Succo  Yiolarum,  S.  violse. 
Syrupus  ZingiB'eris,  S.  aino'mi  zingiheris, 
Syrup  of  Ginger,  (F  )  Syrop  de  giucjevibre.  (  Tinct. 
Zingib.  f^iv  ;  Aqua  Oiv;  Sacchar.  ftx.  Mix  the 
tincture  with  four  pounds  of  the  sugar  in  coarse 
powder;  and  expose  it  in  a  shallow  dish  to  a 
gentle  heat  until  the  alc(diol  has  evaporated. 
Add  the  rest  of  the  sugar,  and  then  the  water  in 
a  covered  vessel;  heat  gradually  until  the  sugar  is 
dissolved,  and  strain.  Ph.  U.  S.)  To  the  strained 
liquor  add  the  sugar,  and  form  a  syrup. 

N.  B.  The  Parisian  Codex  container:!  a  few 
other   compound    syrups   besides   those   enume- 


SYS 


896 


TABELL.E 


rnted;  amongst  these  is  a  Si/nip  of  calf's  hiiigs, 
,S'/nipii8  e  piiimoti' ibiis  ritiili'iiis,  (F.)  Si/rop  de 
tiioii  de  vean,  as  an  expectorant. 

These  syrups  are  made  according  to  the  usual 
rule,  and  possess  the  virtues  of  the  substances 
after  which  they  are  named. 

SYS.  Syra. 

SYi^PA'SIA,  from  avarrau,  (cvv,  und  aradi,  '1 
draw,')  '  I  contract.'  Clonic  spasm,  with  dimi- 
nished sensibility  and  innbility  of  utterance.  A 
genus  in  Good's  Nosology,  which  includes  con- 
vulsion, epilepsy,  and  hysteria. 

SvsPASiA  CoNvuLSio,  Convulsion  —  s.  Epilep- 
sia, Epilepsy — s.  Hysteria,  Hysteria. 

SYSSAHCO'SIS,  from  aw,  'with,'  and  aap^, 
cuDKOi,  '  flesli.'  CoDiniissu'ra  ossium  car'nea, 
iSi/iiiph'i/'»'s  ossinm  miisoila'n's,  Connex'io  ossium 
rartio'sa,  Cania'tio,  Concarna'tio.  Union  of  bones 
by  means  of  muscles ;  such  as  the  union  of  the 
OS  hyoides  with  the  lower  jaw,  of  the  scapula  with 
the  ribs,  &c. 

SYSTALCTS,  Systole. 

SYSTAL'TIC,  Sysfid'ticus,  Peristal' tic ;  from 
cvnTzWui,  (aw,  and  crrtAXu,)  'I  contract.'  A  sys- 
tidtic  motion  in  a  part  is  one  in  which  there  is 
alternate  contraction  and  dilatation.  See  Sys- 
tole. 

SYSTAT'ICA,  from  avviarrijn,  (aw,  and  tarrim, 
'I  ])lace,')  'I  associate.'  Diseases  afi'ecting  seve- 
ral or  all  of  the  sensorial  powers  simultaneously; 
irritation  or  inertness  of  mind,  extending  to  the 
muscles,  or  external  senses;  or  of  the  muscles, 
or  external  senses,  extending  to  the  mind;  —  the 
4th  order,  class  Neurotica,  of  Good. 

SYSTEM,  Si/ste'iita,  from  aw,  '  together,' and 
larrim,  'I  place.'  This  word,  taken  in  a  good 
sense,  means  the  collection  and  arrangement  of 
different  matters  having  an  analogy  to  each  other, 
or  workino"  towards  the  same  end.     In  natural 


history,  it  means  a  methodical  arrangement  of 
objects  for  the  purpose  of  facilitating  their  study. 
System  is,  however,  sometiiues  used  in  an  unfa- 
vourable sense  in  physical  science,  and  often 
means,  —  a  purely  gratuitous  supposition,  by 
which  the  march  of  nature  is  atteinjited  to  bo 
universally  explained,  and  to  which  every  thing 
is  made  to  bend.  In  anatomy,  system  is  an  as- 
semblage of  organs,  composed  of  the  same  tissues, 
and  intended  for  similar  functions;  for  instance, 
the  nervous  system,  muscular  system,  &c. 

SYSTEMA,  System  —  s.  Vasorum,  Vascular 
system. 

SYS'TEMATISM.  A  method,  according  to 
which  every  fact  of  a  science  is  collected  around 
an  opinion,  true  or  false.  One  who  reduces  things 
to  such  a  method  is  called  a  Sys'tematist. 

SYSTEMATIST,  see  Systematism. 

SYSTEMATOL'OGY,  Sy8tematolog"ia,  from 
avarriiia,  'system,' and  Aoyoj,  '  a  discourse.'  The 
doctrine  or  a  treatise  of  systems. 

SYSTEME  VASCULAIRE  A  SANG  NOIR, 
see  Vascular  —  s.  Vasculaire  d  sang  rouge,  see 
Vascular. 

SYS'TEMIC.  Belonging  to  the  general  sys- 
tem—  as  'systemic  circulation'  in  contradistinc- 
tion to  the  'pulmonic.' 

SYS'TOLE.  Same  etymon  as  Systaltic.  ^V- 
tnl'sis,  Constric'tio,  Contrac'tio  seu  Augnsta'tio 
seu  Suhmissio  seu  Mica'tio  cordis.  The  move- 
ment of  constriction  or  contraction  of  the  heart, 
to  give  impulse  to  the  blood,  or  to  cause  its  pro- 
gression. It  is  opposed  to  the  Diastole  of  the 
organ. 

SYS'TOLIC,  Systol'icvs,  (F.)  Sysfoliqne ;  same 
etymon.  Relating  to  the  systole  of  the  heart, — 
as  'systolic  murmur.' 

SYZYGIUM  NEllVORUM,  Par  nervorum. 


T. 


T  Bandage,  T  fas'cin,  Fns'cin  T  formis  seu 
Heliodo'ri,  Crn'cial  Bandage.  A  bandage  shaped 
like  the  letter  T.  It  consists  of  a  strip  of  linen, 
of  variable  length  and  breadth,  the  middle  of 
which  is  attached,  at  right  angles,  to  the  extre- 
mity of  another  strip,  also  of  variable  length  and 
breadth.  When  two  such  strips  are  attached,  at 
a  distance  from  each  other,  the  bandage  is  called 
a  double  T.  This  bandage  is  used,  principally, 
for  supporting  the  dressings  after  the  operation 
for  fistula  in  ano,  in  diseases  of  the  perinteum, 
groin,  anus,  &c. 

T  Fascia,  T  Bandage. 

TAR  AC.  Nicotiana  tabacum — ^  des  Savoyards, 
Arnica  montana — t.  des  3loutagues,  Arnica  mon- 
tana — t.  des  Vosr/es,  Arnica  montana. 

TABACUM,  Nicotiana  tabacum. 

TAB'ANUS,  called,  by  the  voyageurs,  Bulldog. 
A  troublesome  fly  in  the  Hudson's  Bay  territory, 
which  makes  a  perforation  like  a  leeehbite,  from 
which  it  sucks  the  blood. 

TABARZET,  Saccharum  album. 

TAB'ASIIEER,  Tahaschir,  Tahaxir.  A  sub- 
Stance  found  in  the  knots  of  the  bamboo,  in  the 
East  Indies,  as  a  consequence  of  a  morbid  condi- 
tion of  the  ])art.  It  is  distinguished  for  its  great 
proportion  of  silicic  acid,  in  combination  with  a 
small  quantity  of  mineral  and  vegetable  matters  ; 
as  well  as  for  its  slight  refractive  property.  It 
has  been  used  in  obstruction  of  the  bowels.     The 


sweet  juice  of  the  bamboo  stalks  has  also  been 
called  Tabasheer. 

TABEFACTION,  Emaciation. 

TABEFY,  Emaciate. 

TABEL'LA,  Tub'ula,  Tabula'tum,  Lozan'gn, 
Lozan'gia,  Ifor'sulus,  3forsel'lus,  Lozenge,  Tes- 
ad'la,  (P.)  Tablette,  'a  small  table.'  A  solid 
medicine,  composed  of  a  powder,  sugar,  and  mu- 
cilage, Electua'rium  suV  idum ;  and  generally 
shaped  like  a  disk.  See  Pastil,  and  Troch.  The 
three  comprise  the  Saccharoles  solides. 

Tabklla,  Table. 

TABELLiE  ABSORBENTES,  T.  de  Mag- 
nesia. 

Tabeli,.«  Ac"idi  Oxal'ici,  T.  ad  aitem,  Lo- 
zenges of  Oxalic  Acid.  (Acid,  oxalic.  3J)  sacch, 
alb.  SJss,  ol.  limonls,  gtt.  xviij  seu  gtt.  xij.  Make 
into  lozenges  with  mucilage  of  gum  trngacanth. 
Ph.  P.)  Lozenges  are  made-  in  the  same  way 
with  the  citric  and  tartaric  acids.  They  are  re- 
frigerant. 

Tabklla  de  Ai.Tn.E'A,  Lozenges  of  Marsli- 
mallou:^.  (Ra<l.  althdcB  pulv.,  ^iss,  sacvliar.  alb, 
pulv.  ,^ivss;  f.  massa.  Ph.  P.)  Demulcent;  ex- 
pectorant. 

Tabkll^e  Antimo.ma'les  Kuncke'mi,  T.  de 
still' a  sulphurc'to,  Lozenges  of  Sidph'uret  of  Ant'i- 
mony,  Mor'snli  antimonla'les  seu  stibii  seu  stihi- 
a'ti,  Trochis'ci  stibiati.  (Amygdal.  d'dc.  ,^j, 
sacch.  Ibss,  sem.  cardani.,   cinnam.   j)u!v.,   sulph. 


TABERNA   MERICA 


897 


TABULA 


antiin.  frcp/pnr.,  aa  ^^J  ;  flnnt  tiibella?.  P7/.  P. 
Each  to  weigh  10  gniins.)  Ilecoininended  in 
cutaneous  disojises,  blennorrhagia,  arthiitic  pains, 
Ac.     Dose,  4  or  more. 

TABKM.yE  AD  Ardorem  Ventuiculi,  Trochisci 
carbonatis  calcis  — t.  Cardialgicae,  Trochisci  car- 
bonatis  calcis!. 

Tabhi,k;e  PR  Cat'echu  et  Macne'sia,  Ln- 
zetif/cn  of  Catechu  and  Jlfof/iiesia,  (F.)  Tnblettes  de 
cnchoii  et  de  7)ini/iienie.  (P.  cntech.  ^v],  p.  mriijneH. 
giv,  /).  cinnam.  ^iij,  gacch.  alb.  Ibss,  g.  frayac. 
gr.  xij,  «q.  ciinunii.  q.  s.  ut  f.  iiiassa.  Ph.  P. 
Each  to  weigh  12  gr.)  Antacid,  absorbent,  and 
stomachic.     Dose,  5  to  10  lozenges. 

TAKKhhM  Cincho'n.e,  7\  de  hind  kind,  Baric 
Lozeiu/es.  [Ext.  cinchon.  sice,  ^ss,  Haceh.  ^iv, 
cinnam.  ^^ph,  mvcilag.  g.  trag.  q.  s.  ut  f.  massa. 
Ph.  P.)     Tonic. 

Tabeix^r  de  Citro  et  DiACARTnAJio,  T.  de 
Scnmmonio  et  SennS,. 

Tabei,l;e  de  Ferro,  Steel  lozcngen,  Tabula; 
martla'IcH  seu  instauran'tcfi  sou  antichlorot' lea. 
(Fen-i  limat.  pnrphyriz.  ^^ss,  p.  cinnam.  7,],  p. 
sacch.  ^v,  g.  trag.  et  aq.  cinnam.  q.  s.,  ut  fiat 
massa.  Each  lozenge  to  weigh  12  gr.  Ph.  P.) 
Tonic,  stomachic.     Dose,  v  to  x. 

Animnlic  lozenges  of  steel.  These  consist  of 
Kulphate  of  iron,  with  a  small  proportion  of  the 
Tinehne  of  Cantharides. 

Tabell^  de  Kina  Kina,  T.  cinchonas. 

Tabell^  de  Magnesia,  T.  abxorben'tes,  3fag- 
neeia  lozenges.  (Jllagnes.  ^j,  sacehar.  alb.  ^iv, 
mucil.  g.  tragac.  q.  s.  Ph.  P.)  Absorbent 'and 
antacid. 

TABKLr,^  DK  Rheo,  Phubarh  lozenges.  [P. 
rhej.  ^ss,  sacch.  ^v,  niucilag.  gum.  tragac.  q.  s.  ; 
f.  massa.  Each  to  contaiUjl2  grains.  Ph.  P.) 
Stomachic  and  laxative. 

TABELLyF.  DE  ScAMMO'NIO  ET  SeNNA  CoirPOS'- 
IT^,  1'.  de  cilro  et  diacar'thamo.  Compound  lo- 
zenges of  scammony  and  senna.  (Scammon.  _^iij, 
Sennm  ,^ivss,  rhej.  ^iss,  caryoph.  p^j,  corticis 
limon.  confect.  '^},  sacch.  ,^vj  ;  f.  massa.  Ph.  P.) 
Purgative.     Dose,  3'j  to  ^^^vj,  or  more. 

Tabei.l^  ad  Sitem,  T.  acidi  oxalici  —  t.  ad 
Sodara,  Trochisci  carbonatis  calcis  —  t.  de  Stibii 
sulphureto,  T.  antimoniales  Kunckelii. 

Tabell^  de  Sul'i'hure  Sim'pi.ices,  Sintple 
snlpihur  lozenges.  (Sulphur  lot.  ^as,  sacch.  ^\v, 
muc.  g.  tragac.  cum  aqua  rosi  pra?pnr.  q.  s.  Ph. 
P.)  Expectorant,  demulcent,  <fec.  Used  in  dis- 
eases of  the  chest,  and  in  cutaneous  affections. 
Dose,  a  lozenge. 

Tabell^  de  Sulph'ure  Compos'it^,  Com- 
pound sulphur  lozenges.  (Sulph.  lot.  ^\'^,  acid, 
benzoic,  gr.  xij,  rad.  irid.  p.  ^^s,  ol.  anisi,  gtt. 
viij,  sacch.  5vss,  g.  trag.  q.  s.  Ph.  P.)  Aperient, 
e.xpectorant,  and  stimulant  [?].  Dose,  4  a  day. 
TABERNA  MEDICA,  Pharmacopolium. 
TABERN^MONTANA  U'TILIS,  (after  Ta- 
bernaeinontanus,  a  German  botanist.)  A  tree  of 
British  Guiana,  of  the  family  Apocynaceae,  called, 
by  the  natives,  Ifi/a-Hya,  the  bark  and  pith  of 
which  yield  a  milk,  which  is  used  by  the  savages 
as  a  refreshing  drink. 

TABES,  Jfaras'mus  Tabes,  Tabinn,  from  tabere, 
'to  decay;'  Te'kedon,  Atroph'ia,  Tab'idness,  De- 
cline, Wastiig.  Emaciation  of  the  whole  body, 
with  general  languor,  hectic  fever,  and,  for  the 
most  part,  depressed  spirits. 

Tabes,  Atrophy,  Phthisis — t.  Coxaria,  Ischio- 
phthisis  —  t.  Diabetica,  Diabetes  mellitns — t.  Di- 
uretica.  Diabetes  mcllitus. 

Tabes  Dousa'lis,  T.  Dorsua'lis,  Mnras'mns 
tabes  dor.ia'lis;  Phthisis  no'tias  seu  dorsa'lis  seu 
sicca,  3fyelophthi'sis,  Myelatroph'ia,  Myelanalo'- 
sis,  Talus  ossis  sacri.  A  wasting  of  the  body, 
attended  at  first  with  a  pain  in  the  back  or  loins, 
nnd  afterwards  in  the  neck  or  head,  —  caused,  it 
57 


has  been  conceived,  by  too  early  or  too  frequent 
addiction  to  venery. 

Tabe.s  Gi.ANDi-LARis,  T.  mescnterica.  Scrofula 
—  t.  Ischiadica.  Ischiophthisis  —  t.  Lactea,  Atro- 
phia Jactantium,  see  Galactia. 

Tabes  Mesknter'ica,  T.  glanduln'ria  sen  scro- 
fulo'sa,  Atropik'ia  mesenter'ica  seu  infant'uiii  seu 
glandula'ris  seu  infanti'lts  seu  dorsi,  '['arabys'iiui. 
mesenter'icum,  Ma'cies  Infan'tum,  Pcpdatrojjh'ia. 
Scrofula  seu  liachial'tjia  seu  P/iysco'iiia  mescn- 
terica, Myelophthi'sis  sicca,  Febria  hec'tita  in- 
fan'tum.  Phthisis  mesara'ica,  Mesenterophlhi'sis, 
3!cscnter'ic^Disease,  (F.)  Carreau,  Chartre,  Scro- 
fules  ou  Ecronelles  wesenteriques,  Etinic  ou  Jla- 
chialgle  ou  Atrophic  ou  Physconie  meseiiterique, 
Entero-mesenterite,  Tubercules  des  ganglions  we- 
senteriques. Phthisic  mesenterique.  An  engorge- 
ment and  tubercular  degeneration  of  the  mesen- 
teric glands,  followed  by  emaciation  and  general 
disorder  of  the  nutritive  functions.  The  disease 
is  often  owing  to  inflammation  or  irritation  of  the 
lining  membrane  of  the  intestines,  giving  occa- 
sion to  enlargement  of  the  glands  of  the  mesen- 
tery,— as  injury  to  the  upper  or  lower  extremities 
causes  inflammation,  and  enlargement  of  the 
lymphatic  glands  of  the  axilla  and  groin.  It 
occurs,  particularly,  in  children  of  a  scrofulous 
diathesis  ;  and  in  those  who  are  weaned  too  early, 
or  fed  on  indigestible  substances.  Diarrhoea, 
emaciation,  anorexia,  or  immoderate  appetite; 
hardness  and  swelling  of  the  abdomen;  ami. 
towards  the  end,  hectic  fever,  are  the  chief 
symptoms  of  this  affection;  the  prognosis  of 
which  is  unfavourable.  On  opening  the  bodies 
of  those  who  die  of  the  disease,  the  mesenteric 
glands  are  found  disorganized,  tubercular,  or  in 
a  more  or  less  advanced  state  of  suppuration. 
The  treatment  is  the  same  as  in  scrophulosis. 
Frictions  may  be  added  over  the  abdomen  and 
spine;  and  mercury,  in  small  doses,  so  as  to  ex- 
cite a  new  action  in  the  system.  The  food  must 
be  easy  of  digestion,  and  the  bowels  be  kept 
soluble. 

Tabes  Xutricum.  Atrophia  lactantium,  see 
Galactia — t.  Ossis  sacri.  Tabes  dorsalis  — t.  Pec- 
torea.  Rachitis  — t.  Pulmonalis,  Phthisis  pulino- 
nalis  —  t.  Scrofulosa,  T.  mesenteriea — t.  Senuui, 
Marasmus  senilis. 

TABESCEKE,  Emaciate. 

TABID,  Tah'ldus,  (F.)  Tabide.  Same  etymon 
as  Tabes.  Relating  or  appertaining  to  tabes. 
Wasted  bv  disease. 

TABIDNESS.  Tabes. 

TABIF'IC,  Talificus,  (F.)  Tabifique,  from 
tabes,  'consumption,'  and  facere,  'to  make.' 
That  which  causes  consumption  or  phthisis. 

TABLE,  Tab'ula,  Tabell'a,  Tabula'tum,  Lam'- 
ina.  Paries,  Squama.  A  name  given  to  the 
plates  of  compact  tissue,  which  form  the  bones 
of  the  cranium.  Of  these,  one  is  external;  the 
other  internal,  and  called  Tab'ula  vi'trea,  on  ac- 
count of  its  brittleness. 

TABLES  DE  MORTALITE,  Mortalitv, 
bills  of. 

TABLET,  Trochiscus  —  t.  Votive,  Tabula  vo- 
tiva. 

TABLETTE,  Tabella. 

TABLETTES  DE  CACHOU  ET  DE  MAG- 
NESIE,  Tabellse  de  catechu  et  magnesia. 

TA^i/£'/i',  Yentrale  cutaneum.    ' 

TABOUllEr,  Thlaspi  bursa. 

TABULA,  Tabella,  Table. 

Tab'ui.a  Voti'va,  Yotire  tablet.  A  tablet, 
hungup  as  an  offering  —  anathe'ma  —  in  the  an- 
cient temples  by  the  sick,  descriptive  of  their 
diseases,  and  mode  of  cure;  or  by  those  who  had 
been  preserved  from  some  calamity. 

Tabula  Antichlorotic.e,  TabcllK  de  ferro  — 


TABULATUM 


898 


TAL 


t.  Instaurantes,  Tabellae  de  ferro  —  t.  Jlartiales, 
TnhellfB  de  ferro. 

TABULATUM,  Tabella,  Table. 

TABUM,  Ichor,  Sanies,  Tabes. 

TAV,  Influenza. 

TACAMAHACA,  Fagara  octandra  — t.  Ca- 
ragna,  Caranna. 

TACCA  OCEANICA,  see  Arrowroot,  (Tahiti.) 

TACHE,  Macula. 

TACHE  CERE  BR  ALE,  Tache  inhiingitique. 
A  red  mark  or  stain,  observable  in  a  large  num- 
ber of  hydnicephalic  children,  when  pressure  is 
made  on  the  skin. —  Trousseau. 

TACHE  EMBRYONNAIRE,  'Embryonic 
spot;'  Cu'mulus,  G.  germinati'vus  seu  2}>'<>li;i"en(s, 
A'rea  germinati'vti,  Nu'cleun  cicatn'c'itla  seu 
blastoderm' utiK,  Ger'minal  cn'tnuliis.  A  name 
given  by  M.  Coste  to  a  spot  seen  on  the  blasto- 
derma  about  the  end  of  the  first  week,  from  which 
the  development  of  the  embryo  proceeds. 

According  to  Bischoff,  the  blastodermic  vesicle 
consists  here  of  a  double  layer,  (F.)  EeuiUet  — 
the  upper  one  the  serous  or  animal;  the  lower, 
the  mucous  or  vegetative ;  and  between  these  is 
afterwards  formed  the  vascular  layer. 

TACHE  GERMINATIVE,  see  Molecule  — <. 
^lilanieune,  see  Nsevus  —  t.  Meningitique,  Tache 
cerebrate — t.  de  A'^aissance,  Nsevus — t.  Sanguine, 
see  Nsevus. 

TACHENCAUSIS,  Combustion,  human. 

TACHE S  HEPATIQUES,  Chloasma. 

TACHES  LAITEUSES,  Plaques  laiteuses, 
'  milky  spots  or  patches.'  White  spots  occasion- 
ally seen  on  the  heart,  and  regarded  by  many 
pathologists  as  the  results  of  previous  pericar- 
ditis. 

TACHES  BE  ROUSSEUR,  Ephelides  — «. 
Rouges,  Spots,  red. 

TACHETE  DE  ROUSSEURS,  see  Ephe- 
lides. 

TACIIYIA'TER,  Tachjia'trua.  Same  etymon 
as  the  next.     One  who  cures  speedily. 

TACHYIATRI'A,  from  rami's,  'quick,'  and 
larpua,  'healing.'     The  art  of  curing  quickly. 

TACH'YTOMY,  Tachytom'ia,  from  t«;^uj, 
'  quick,'  and  TOftn,  '  incision.'  The  art  of  cutting 
or  operating  rapidlv. 

TACITUR'NITY.  Tacitur'nitas,Sige,  'silence,' 
from  lacere,  taciturn,  '  to  be  silent.'  '  State  of  a 
person  who  does  not  speak.'  Jlorbid  taciturnity 
sometimes  exists  as  a  symptom  of  the  neuroses, 
esj)ecially  of  melancholy. 

TACT,  TaclHS,  from  tangcre,  factum,  'to  touch.' 
A  modification  of  the  sense  of  touch.  Passive 
judgment  by  the  cutaneous  nerves  regarding  bo- 
dies exterior  to  the  skin.  Tact  is  passive:  Touch, 
active. 

TACTILE,  Tac'tilis;  same  etymon.  Relating 
or  appertaining  to  touch. 

TACTION,  Touch. 

TACTUS,  Tact,  Touch— t.  Dolorificus,  Hapto- 
dyspboria  —  t.  Eruditus,  see  Palpation. 

TAE,  Digitus  pedis. 

T.ED.A.,  Tcda,  Das,  Sais,  'a  torch.'  A  term 
used  for  a  medicine  employed  under  the  form  of 
fuinisration,  pessary,  or  troch. 

TiE'NIA,  Te'nia,  Fas'cia,  from  ratvia,  'a  fillet, 
a  riband.'  See  Bandage.  Also  a  genus  of  intes- 
tinal worms,  characterized  by  an  elongated,  flat- 
tened, and»articulated  body,  with  four  suctorial 
oscula  on  the  head.  Of  this  genus,  two  only  in- 
habit the  human  body — the  Tcnnia  lata,  (see  Bo- 
thriocephalus  latus,)  and  T(p.nia  solium. 

T.EXIA  AcRPHALA,  Bothriocephahis  latus — /.  d 
Aunenux  courts,  Bothrioccphalus  latiis  —  t.  a  An- 
iieaux  longs.  Tirnia  solium  —  t.  Articulos  dcmit- 
tens,  Taenia  solinra — t.Cncnrbitina,  Tsenia  solium 
—  t.  Dentata,  Bothrioccphalus  latus  —  t.  Grisea, 


Bothrioccphalus  latus  —  t.  Hippocampi,  Corpora 
fimbriata — t.  lluiiiana  armata,  Tiunia  solium — t. 
Humana  inerinis,  liothriocephalus  latus — I.  Hy- 
dntigena.  Hydatid  —  t.  Lata,  ISothriocephalus 
latus — /.  «  Longues  articulations.  Taenia  solium  — 
t.  Menibranacea,  Bothrioccphalus  latus  —  t.  Ner- 
vosa Ilalleri,  Ganglion  of  Oasser  —  t.  Aon  armf, 
Bothriocephalus  latus  —  t.  Osculis  lateralibus  ge- 
minis,  Bothriocephalus  latus — t.  Osculis  laterali- 
bus solitariis,  Bothriocephalus  latus  —  t.  Osculis 
marginalibus  solitariis.  Taenia  solium — t.  Osculis 
superficialibus,  Bothriocejialus  latus  —  t.  Prima, 
Bothrioccphalus  latus  —  t.  Sans  fpine,  Tasnia  so- 
lium —  t.  Secunda,  Tjcnia  solium. 

T^NiA  Semiciucula'ris,  T.  stria' ta,  Gein'inum 
centrum  semicirctdu're,  Limbus  2io^t<''>'ior  cor'po- 
ris  stria'ti,  StricB  cur'necB  seu  semiluua'rcs  seu 
tervn'na'lcs,  Free'nulunt  novum,  Fascia  semicircu- 
la'ris,  (F.)  Bandelette  des  Eminences  yyrifoiiiea 
(Ch.),  Bandelette,  B.  demicirculaire,  Lame  conue. 
A  medullary,  grayish,  semitransparent  layer,  situ- 
ate in  the  groove  that  separates  the  thalamus  op- 
ticus from  the  corpus  striatum  in  the  lateral  ven- 
tricle. 

T^nia  So'lium,  T.  os'culis  marginal' ihus  soli- 
ta'riis  seu  cucurbiti'na  seu  liunia'na  armu'ta  seu 
artic'ulus  demit'tens  BCU  secun'da,  Hul'ysis  solium, 
Vermis  cucurbiti'nus,  IjUinbri'cus  latus,  So'lium, 
Tenia  sans  fpine  ou  d  longues  articulntions  ou  <> 
nnueaux  longs,  Ver  solitaire  ou  cucurbiti)i,  Lo)ig 
Tape  Worm,  has  an  almost  hemispherical,  dis- 
crete head;  an  obtuse  beak;  the  neck  full  ante- 
riorly ;  all  the  joints  slightly  obtuse,  the  anterior 
very  short;  the  next  almost  square,  and  the  rest 
oblong;  the  marginal  foramina  vaguely  alter- 
nated. The  taenia  s(>lium  is  commonly  a  few  feet 
long:  sometimes  its  length  is  enormous.  It  is 
said  to  have  been  met  with  COO  feet  long.  It 
principally  inhabits  the  small  intestines,  and  is 
not  common.  The  oil  of  turpentine,  in  some 
form,  largely  exhibited,  is  perhaps  the  best 
remedy. 

T^NiA  Striata,  T.  semicircularis  —  t.  Tarini, 
Lamina  cornea — t.  Tenella,  Bothriocephalus  latus 

—  t.  Vulgaris,  Bothriocephalus  latus. 
T^NIACIDE,  Tisniafuge. 

T^NI^  COLI,  see  Colon  — t.  Valsalvje  Coli, 
see  Colon. 

T^'NIAFUGE,  Ta'nifuge,  Tm'niacide,  Ta'ni- 
cide,  Tania/'ugum,  from  tmnia,  and  fugo,  '  I 
drive  off.'  A  remedy  calculated  to  expel  or  de- 
stroy taenia. 

T^'NICIDE,  from  tmnia,  and  cado,  'I  kill.' 
A  destroyer  of  taenia  or  tapeworm. 

T^NIFUGE,  Taeniafuge. 

T^'XIOLA,  Bandelette  ;  diminutive  of  Taenia. 
Used  by  Gerber  for  a  simple,  band-like,  or  fiat 
fibre.  Filum  tcenia/orm'e,  seen  under  the  micro- 
scope. 

TAFFETAS  AGGLVTINATIF,  Sparadra- 
pnm  adhassivum  —  t.  d' Angleterre,  see  Sparadra- 
pum  adhsesivum  —  t.  Epispastique,  Sparadrapura 
vesicatorium  —  t.  GommS,  see  Sparadrapum  ad- 
haesivum  —  t.  Vesicant,  Sparadrapum  vesicato- 
rium. 

TAFIA,  Rum. 

TAfE,  see  Caligo. 

TAILLADE,  Incision,  see  Entaille. 

TAILLE,  Lithotomy  —  t.  HypogaHtri'<f^c,  Hy- 
pogastric operation   of  lithotomy,  see  Lithotomy 

—  t.  Posterieure,  see  Lithotomy — /.  Recto-rfsicah, 
see  Lithotomy  —  t.  par  le  Rectum,  see  Lithotomy 

—  t.  Sus-pnbienne,  see  Lithotomy. 
TAKAMAHAKA,  Fagara  octandra. 
TAKE,  Attack. 

TAKEN  DOWN,  see  Attack. 
TAKING,  see  Contagious. 
TAL.     A  word  formerly  employed  for  alkali. 
It  also  meant  the  dung  of  the  peacock. 


TALC   EARTH 


809 


TARANTISMUS 


TALC  EARTH,  MM^ncsia. 
TALCUM  NEPJIKITICUM,  Nephrcticus 
lapis. 

TALEN'TUM,  raXavrov.     An    ancient  weight 
cquiit  to  54  pounds^,  2  oz.,  5  dr.,  and  24  grains. 
I'iiIiIh  (le  Marc.     See  Weights  and  Measures. 
TALEOLIIS.  Malleolus. 

TALIACOTIAN   OPERATION,  Rhinoplastic. 
TALINUM  UMLELLATUM,  see  Mi^Un-u. 
TALIPES,  Kyllosis  (Clubfoot)  —  t.  Calcaneus, 
see  Kyllosis — t.  Equinus,  see  Kyllosis — t.  Valgus, 
sec  Kyllosis  —  t.  Varus,  sec  Kyllosis. 

TALLAHATTA  SPRINGS,  see  Alabama, 
miricriil  waters  of. 

TALON,  see  Calcaneum. 

TATiPA,  '  a  mole.'  Tnpinn'rin,  Tupinn'rio, 
'J'dljtd'iia,  TcKtu'di),  (F.)  Taupe.  A  tumour  situ- 
nte  on  the  head,  which  has  been  supposed  to 
burrow  like  a  mole. 

TALPARIA,  Talpa. 

TALUS,  Astragalus,  Malleolus,  see  Calcaneum. 
Pcssarv. 

TAMARA  CONGA,  Averrhoa  carambola. 

TAMARyEA  ZECLA,  Taraarindus. 

TAMAUfN,  Tnmnrindus. 

TAMARIN'DI  PULPA,  P»?p  of  Tamarhuh. 
{T(iiii(in'ii(/a,  q.  s.  Digest  them  with  a  small 
(juantity  of  water,  until  they  become  of  a  uniform 
consistence;  then  separate  the  seeds  and  fila- 
ments, by  pressing  through  a  hair-sieve.  Ph.  U.  S.) 

TAMARINDS.  PULP  OF,  Tamarindi  pulpa. 

TAMARIN'DUS,  T.  In'c/ica,  Thamarliuliix, 
O.ryph(i''iiicoii,  Sil'iqtut  Arah'ica,  BnliniipuVli, 
Tioiiarce'ri  zecln,  O.ri/phccni'cia,  Aca'cia  In'dicn, 
Tamarind  free,  (Y.)  Taniarhu  Ocrf.  Leguininosse. 
Scj'.  Sijit.  Triandria  Digynia.  The  pulp  of  the 
tamarind  with  the  seeds  connected  by  numerous 
tough  strings,  Tmnariiidiw  (Ph.  U.  S.),  is  ex- 
ported from  the  West  Indies,  preserved  in  syrup. 
It  is  refrigerant  and  laxative.  Tamarind  xohey 
is  made  by  boiling  i^V}  of  the  pulp  with  ftiss  of 
niilk.  When  strained,  it  is  used  as  a  diluent  in 
fever. 

TAMARISCUS,  Tamarix  Gallica. 

TAM'ARIX,  T.  Gal'licn  seu  Pentan'dra,  Ta- 
marin'cun.  The  Tamarink  tree.  Ord.  Tamnris- 
cineae.  Sex.  Si/sl.  Pentandria  Pentagynia.  The 
bark,  wood,  and  leaves  were  formerly  employed 
medicinally;  —  the  former  for  its  aperient  and 
corroborant  virtues,  in  obstructions  of  the  liver; 
the  hitter  in  icterus,  haemoptysis,  and  some  cu- 
taneous affections. 

TAMBOUR.  CAVTTE  DU,  Tympanum. 

TAMPA  BAY,  see  Saint  Augustine. 

TAMPON,  see  Plugging. 

TA MPONSEMENT.  Plugging. 

TAMUS  COMMU'NIS,  Am'pelos  melce'nn  (Di- 
oscoridcs).  Chiro'nia,  Gynasean'the  seu  Apro'nia 
(Pliny).  Bnjo'nin  nigra.  Common  Black  Bry'ont/. 
The  root  is  diuretic,  and  has  been  given  as  an 
nntilithic.  In  the  herb-shops  of  Europe,  it  is 
sold  as  a  topical  application  for  removing  bruise 
niarks,  and  in  France  is  called  Herhe  aiix  femmes 
LatiiieK ;  'herb  for  beaten  or  bruised  women.' 

TANACE'TUM,?'.  vulga're.  Tana.'sin,  Athana'- 
fia,  Parlhe'ninm  man.  Hind-heel,  Tanny,  (F. ) 
Tiinainic  rnltjaire,  Herhe  aux  vers,  Coq  den  Jar- 
dinn.  Ord.  Compositae.  Sex.  Si/st.  Syngenesia 
Polygamia.  The  leaves  and  flowers  of  tansy 
have  a  peculiar,  strong  odour,  and  warm  bitter 
taste.  They  are  tonio,  deobstruent  [?],  and  an- 
thelmintic. Dose,  gss  to  3J.  The  infusion  is 
usually  drunk  as  lea. 

Tanack'ti'M  BalsaMI'tA,  T.  hnrteu'se,  Bahn- 
vii'ta  mas  seu  vulga'ria  seu  nnav'eolens  seu  major, 
C'lHtnn  horto'rnm,  Mentha  Boma'na  seu  Saracen'- 
iea,  Costmary,  Alccost,  Coch--m<nt,  (F.)  Menthe 
coq,  Herhe  an  coq.  Grand  Baitme.  A  fragrant- 
Bmolliii"  herb,  somewhat   resembling  mint,  and 


forinerl}'  much  esteemed  as  a  corroborant,  carmi- 
native, and  einnienagogue. 

TANACiiTfM  IloiiTKNsK,  T.  balsamita. 
Tanack'tum  Multiflo'rum.  A  South  African 
plant,  which  is  used  as  a  tonic,  antispasmodic 
and  anthelmintic.  It  is  given  in  flatulency,  gout, 
amenorrhoea  and  dropsy  :  but  is  especially  pre- 
scribed in  cases  of  ascarides  lumbricoides  and 
other  entozoa.  It  is  administered  in  the  form  of 
powder  or  infusion  ;  the  latter  acting  also  as  a 
diaphoretic  and  diuretic.  It  is  used  likewise  as 
a  resolvent  and  anodj'ne  fomentation. 

TANAISIE  VULGAIRE,  Tanacetuin. 
TANASIA,  Tanacetum. 

TANGE,  Tayyr],  'rancidity.'  A  putrescent 
tumour. 

TANGHINIA,  Cerbera  tanghin. 

TANGLES,  BIG,  Pila  marina— t.  Blue,  Gay- 
lussacia  dumosa. 

TANINUM,  Tanninum. 

TANNIC  ACID,  Tannin. 

TANNICUM  PURUM,  Tannin. 

TANNIN,  from  (F.)  tanner,  '  to  tan.'  Tan'- 
nicnm  purum,  Tanni'nnm,  Tani'nu-ni,  Princij^'iimi 
Adslringena  seu  Scytodep' nicnm  seu  Byrsodep'- 
aienm  seu  Coria'ceum,  Scytodep'aium,  Mate'ria 
Scytodeph'ica,Acidum  Tan'nicnm  seu  Scytodeph'i- 
cnm  seu  Quercitan'nicnm,  Tannic  acid,  (¥.)  Acide 
tanniqne.  A  principle  obtained  from  oak  bark 
and  other  astringent  vegetables,  so  called  from 
its  forming  the  principal  agent  in  the  process  of 
tanning.  Pure  tannin,  obtained  from  galls,  by 
the  action  of  ether,  (see  Ph.  U.  S.)  has  been  em- 
ployed as  an  excellent  and  powerful  astringent. 
Dose,  two  grains,  repeated  several  times  a  daj'. 

TANSY,  Tanacetum  — t.  Wild,  Potentilla  an- 
serina. 

TAPER,  HIGH,  Verbascum  nigrum. 

TAPE'TUM,7'(i7jps,  7'«^c'(e,  'tapestry, a  carpet.' 

Tape'tnm  chordidew.  A  shining  spot,  on 
the  outside  of  the  optic  nerve,  in  the  eyes  of  cer- 
tain animals,  which  is  owing  to  the  absence  of 
the  pigmentum  nigrum,  occasioning  the  reflection 
of  a  portion  of  the  rays  from  the  membrana 
Ruyschiana.  Its  use  appears  to  be,  by  reflecting 
the  rays,  to  cause  a  double  impression  on  the 
retina,  and  thus  add  to  the  intensity  of  vision. 

Tapetitm,  see  Corpus  Callosum. 

TaPETUM  Alve'oli,  Memhra'na  exter'na  den'- 
linm.  The  outer  membrane  of  the  teeth.  The 
lining  membrane  or  periosteum  of  the  alveoli. 

TAPEWORM,  BROAD,  Bothriocephalus  latus 
—  t.  Long.  Tfenia  solium. 

TAPIOCA,  see  Jatropha  manihot  —  t.  Pearl, 
see  Jatropha  manihot. 

TAPSUS  BARBATUS,  Verbascum  nigrum. 

TAPSARIA.  Decoctum  hordei. 

TAR,  see  Pinus  sylvestris  —  t.  Barbadoes,  Pe- 
troleum. 

Tau  Beer,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

Tar.  Mineral,  Pissasphaltum. 

Tar  AVater,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — t.  M'ine,  see 
Pinus  sylvestris. 

TAR'ACIIE,  Tarax'is,  Tarag'ma.  Tarag'mxs, 
'disorder.'  A  disorder  of  sight  which  arises 
from  a  blow,  compression  of  the  eye.  or  the  action 
of  dust,  smoke  or  other  external  cause.  By  some, 
it  is  understood  to  signify  mild  or  incipient  oph- 
thalmia. 

Tapaxv  '■'If  Koihni,  '  disturbance  of  the  belly.' 
Diarrhoea. 

TARAGMA,  Tarache. 

TARAGMUS,  Tarache. 

TARAGON.  Artemisia  dracuneulus. 

TARAHO,  Pelfandra  Virginica. 

TARANTISM'US,  Tarentis'mns,  TarantnhV. 
mui,  Dinoma'uin,  Chore'a  Sancti  Valenti'ni, 
Taren'tulism,  Tar'antism,  from  Tarentiim,  or 
Taranto,  where  it  was  observed.     A  feigned  or 


TARANTULA 


900 


TATZ6 


imaginary  disease  in  Apulia,  characterized  by 
excessive  avidity  for  dancing  at  tlie  sound  of  in- 
struments, and  which  was  ascribed,  by  the  vul- 
gar, to  tlie  bite  of  the  tarantula.  A  sort  of  taran- 
tisinus.  considered  peculiar  to  Africa,  and  believed 
to  be  spontaneous,  has  been  called  Tarentismus 
I'coujitd'iiiin,  Jdiioii-tareiitisme. 

TAKAN'TULA.  Same  etymon.  Turcn'tnla, 
(F.)  Tiirciitiile.  A  species  of  spider — the  Ara'iiea 
Tiircntida  of  Linnaeus,  Lyco'na  Turentnln  of  La- 
treille — whose  bite  has  been  looked  upon  as  dan- 
gerous.    Music  has  been  thought  to  cure  it. 

TARASCON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Chalybeate  springs  in  the  department  of  Arriege, 
France.     They  contain  iron  and  carbonic  acid. 

TARAXACUM,  Leontodon  tara.\acum  —  t. 
Dens  leonis,  Leontodon  taraxacum. 

TAR  AX  IS,  Tarache,  see  Ophthalmia. 

TARCHON  SYLVESTRIS,  Achillea  ptarmica. 

TARENTISMUS,  Tarantismus  —  t.  Tangi- 
tanus,  Tarantismus. 

TAR  EN  TULA,  Tarantula. 

TARENTULISM,  Tarantismus. 

TARGAR,  Juniperus  communis. 

TARI.  Palm  or  cocoa  wine,  from  which  sugar 
was  obtained,  called  Jtujre.  It  was  once  used  as 
a  tonic. 

TARI'NI  PONS,  (F.)  Pont  de  Tarin.  A  cine- 
ritious  substance,  between  the  corpora  albicantia, 
which  unites  the  crura  and  assists  in  forming 
the  bottom  of  tlic  third  ventricle.  The  fossa,  at 
the  bottoui  of  wliich  it  is  placed,  is  called  Locus 
perforn'tun  pnHtl'cns,  Posterior  per'forated  space, 
Sitbstnn'tia  seu  Lam'inu  perfora'ta  poste'rior, 

TARO,  Arum  esculentum. 

TARSAL,  Tnr'sens,  from  tarsus,  (F.)  Tarsien. 
That  which  relates  to  the  tarsus. 

Tarsal  Ahtkuilations  result  from  the  union 
of  the  b(mes  of  the  tarsus  with  each  other. 

TAR'SEA  LATA  (LIGAMENTA).  Three 
ligaments,  described  by  Winslow  as  stretching 
from  the  edge  of  the  orbit  to  that  of  the  tarsi, 
with  which,  he  thought,  they  formed  a  complete 
layer  of  the  eyelids.  Zinn  could  not  trace  the 
ligaments  all  the  way  to  the  tarsi ;  whilst  Haller 
doubted  altogether  their  ligamentous  texture,  and 
Zeis  regards  thetn  as  merely  areolar  substance. 

TARSEUS,  Tarsal. 

TARSO,  in  composition,  belonging  or  relating 
to  the  tarsus. 

TARSO-METATAR'SAL,  Tm-so-metatar'seus. 
That  Avhich  relates  to  tarsus  and  metatarsus. 

Tarso-Mktatausal  Akticiilatio.vs  are  those 
between  the  bones  of  the  second  row  of  the  tarsus 
and  the  metatarsal  bones.  The  term  Tnrso-me- 
tatarsttl  is  likewise  applied  to  ligaments  connected 
with  these  joints,  some  of  which  are  dorsal,  and 
others  j)lnntar. 

TARSO-META  TA  RSl-PHALANGIEN  DU 
POUCE,  Adductor  pollicis  pedis — t.  Phnknujien 
dn  ponce,  Flexor  brevis  pollicis  pedis  —  t.  Sons- 
phalaugien  dn  petit  orteil.  Flexor  brevis  minimi 
digiti  pedis — t.  Sous-phalanrjettien  du  premier  or- 
teil, Flexor  brevis  pollicis  pedis. 

TARSOPIIY'MA,  from  Tarsus,  and  (/.u/ia,  'a 
ttimour.'     A  swelling  of  the  tarsus. 

TARSOR'RHAPHY,  Tarsorrnph'ia,  from  tar- 
sus, '  the  tarsal  cartilage,'  and  pa<pri,  '  suture.' 
An  operation  for  diminishing  the  size  of  the 
opening  between  the  eyelids,  when  it  is  enlarged 
by  surrounding  cicatrices. 

TARSOT'OMY,  Tarsotom'ia,  from  tarsus,  and 
Toixri,  '  incision.'  The  section  or  removal  of  the 
tarsal  cartilages. 

TARSUS,  r<i/j(TOf,  Planta  prima  seu  Rasse'ta  seu 
Rasce'ta  pedis,  Pc'dliim,  Clavic'nlcB  pedis  nodus. 
1.  The  posterior  part  of  the  foot.  The  tarsus 
consists  of  7  bones,  arranged  transversely  in  two 
rows,  between  which   amputation    is    sometimes 


performed.  The  first  or  Tibial  row,  (F.)  Pre- 
miere raucjfe,  R.  jamhiire,  consists  of  the  nstrn- 
galus  and  os  caleis  ;  the  second  or  metaliirsul,  (F.) 
tiecoude  raui/^e,  R.  mftat^rsieintc,  of  tlie  sca- 
phoides,  cuboides,  and  three  ossa  cuneiformia. 
2.  The  Tarsi,  Tarsal  cartilages.  Tarsal  fibro-car- 
tilarjes,  Orchoi,  Crepid' iitcs  seu  Coro'ixp.  scu  Che- 
IcB  seu  Uu'(j\dcB  Paljtebra'rum,  Tharsi,  Cil'ia,  are 
two  siuall  cartilaginous  layers,  seated  in  the  sub- 
stance of  the  free  edge  of  each  eyelid.  The  upper 
is  larger  and  broader  than  the  lower.  Both  com- 
mence at  the  bifurcated  extremity  of  the  tendon 
of  the  orbicularis  palpebrarum,  and  pass  to  the 
opposite  commissure  of  the  eyelids.  They  are 
broader  in  the  middle  than  at  their  extremities. 

TARTAR,  Antimonium  tartarizatum  (iiniiro- 
perly),  Potassic  supertartras  impurus  —  t.  Cal- 
careous, Potassaj  subcarbonas  —  t.^Crystals  of, 
Potassae  supertartras. 

Tartau  Embtic,  Antimonium  tartarizatum. 

Tahtar,  Salt  of,  see  Potash,  and  Potassiu  sub- 
carbonas— t.  Soluble,  Potassa;  tartras,  see  Potash. 

Tartar  of  tub  Tefth,  Odontolithos. 

TARTA'REI  jMORBI.  A  term  employed  by 
Paracelsus  to  designate  certain  diseases  which  he 
attributed  to  tartar. 

TARTARI  CRYSTALLI,  Potassse  super- 
tartras. 

TARTAR'IC  ACID,  Ac"idum  tartar'ieum  seu 
tartaro'sum  seu  tar'tari  essentia'le,  Acor  tartar'- 
icus,  Sal  tartnri  essentia'le,  Tarta'reous  acid,  (F.) 
Acide  tartriqne.  (Potasses  bitart.  Ibiiss,  aq. 
destillat.  ferv.,  cong.  iij.  cretm  ppt.  Ibj,  acidi 
sulph.  Ibj.  Boil  the  bitartrate  with  two  gallons 
of  the  water,  and  gradually  add  the  prcpnred 
chalk,  until  no  more  bubbles  appear;  let  the  tar- 
trate of  lime  subside  ;  then  pour  off  the  fluid  and 
wash  the  tartrate  of  lime  with  distilled  water, 
until  it  is  tasteless.  Pour  upon  it  the  sulphuric 
acid,  diluted  with  a  gallon  of  boiling  distilled 
water;  and  set  the  mixture  aside  for  24  hours, 
occasionally  stirring  it.  Filter  and  evaporate  it 
to  crystallize.  /'/(.  L.)  It  is  refrigerant  and 
antiseptic,  but  is  chiefly  used  for  making  efferves- 
cent draughts  with  soda. 

TARTARUM,  Potassae  supertartras  impurus — 
t.  Sidubile,  Potasste  tartras  —  t.  Vitriolatuui,  Pg- 
tassae  sulphas. 

TARTARUS  AMMONIA,  Aramoni»  tartras 
—  t.  Chalybeatus,  Ferrum  tartarizatum — t.  Cru- 
dus,  Potassre  supertartras  impurus  —  t  Dentium, 
Odontolithos  —  t.  Emeticus,  Antimonium  tartari- 
zatum—t.  Kalicoferricus,  Ferrum  tartarizntum  — 
t.  Kalinus,  PotassiXj  tartras — t.  Lixivisv,  Potassa: 
tartras  —  t.  Martialis,  Ferrum  tartarizatum  —  t. 
Potassae  ferruginosus,  Ferrum  tartarizatum  —  t. 
Stibiatus,  Antimonium  tartarizatum — t.  Subpo- 
tassicus,  Potassae  supertartras — t.  Superpotassicus, 
Potassae  supertartras  —  t.  Tartarizatus,  Potassae 
tartras. 

TARTRATE  D'AMMONIAQUE,  Ammonia; 
tartras. 

TART  RE  BRUT,  Potassae  supertartras  impu- 
rus— t.  Cru,  Potassae  supertartras  impurus — t.  drs 
/)e»?s,  Odontolithos  —  t.  Emetique,  Antimonium 
tartarizatum — t.  Stibie,  Antimonium  tartarizatum. 

TASIS,  Extension,  Tension. 

TASTE,  Gustus,  Geusis,  Geuma,  Geuthmos,  (Y.) 
Go&t.  One  of  the  five  external  senses,  which  in- 
structs us  of  the  savours  of  bodies,  and  of  which 
the  tongue  is  the  principal  organ. 

Gustation,  Gustatio,  is  the  exercise  of  this  fa- 
culty. In  disease,  the  taste  frequently  becomes 
variously  vitiated.  The  nerves  of  taste  are  pro- 
bably the  glosso-phnryngeal,  and,  perhaps  also, 
the  lingual  branch  of  the  fifth  pair. 
Tastf,  Savour. 

TATZ'E.  The  fruit  of  Myrsi'nn  Afriea'na,  a 
native  of  Abyssinia,  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  the 


TATTOOING 


901 


TELA 


Azores,  and  Algeria,  which  is  used  as  a  taenia- 
fuge. 

TATTOO'ING.  A  practice,  with  the  South 
Sea  Islanders,  of  puncturing  the  skin,  and  forc- 
ing coloring  matters  into  the  punctures.  Sailors 
in  all  countries  are  in  the  custom  of  practising  it 
by  rubbing  or  forcing  gunpowder  into  the  punc- 
tures. The  figures,  thus  formed,  remain  through 
life. 

TA  UPE,  Talpa. 

TAUIIOCOL'LA,  from  ravpo;,  'a  bull,'  and 
KoXXa,  'glue.'  Glue  made  of  the  ears  and  genitals 
of  the  bull.     It  was  formerly  much  esteemed. 

TAURUS,  Penis,  Perineum. 

TAXIS,  'arrangement;'  from  rao-o-o),  'I  order,' 
'  I  arrange;'  UejWKW'io,  Jieduc'lio,  Syntax' ia.  A 
methodical  pressure  exerted  by  the  hand  on  a 
hernial  tumour,  for  the  purpose  of  reducing  it. 
This  operiition  is  generally  easy  in  herniae  that 
nre  free  from  adhesions,  of  small  size,  and  with  a 
large  opening  into  the  sac;  but  it  is  very  difficult 
and  frequently  impracticable  in  those  that  are 
adherent  or  ^^t^lllgulated.  To  perform  the  taxis, 
the  patient  should  be  put  in  the  horizontal  pos- 
ture, and  in  one  in  which  the  parietes  of  the  ab- 
domen are  relaxed.  The  manual  procedure  va- 
ries in  each  species  of  hernia.  In  all  cases,  too 
strong  pressure  of  the  parts  must  be  avoided  ;  as 
inflammation  and  gangrene  might  be  induced. 
The  displaced  organs  must  be  pushed  into  the 
abdomen,  according  to  the  direction  of  the  axis 
of  the  hernial  sac.  The  reduction  is  sometimes 
favoured  by  blood-letting  ad  deliqiiium ;  the 
warm  bath;  warm  fomentations;  tobacco;  emol- 
lient glysters  ;  and,  at  times,  by  cold  applications, 
as  ice,  <fec.  In  a  case  of  strangulated  hernia, 
should  the  taxis  fail,  an  operation  becomes  ne- 
cessary. 

TAXO'DIUM  DIS'TICIIUM,  Cnprcs'sns  dh'- 
tichii,  Schuher'tia  dis'ticha, Cijprcsn,  Bald  Cypress ; 
indigenous.  Nat.  Ord.  Coniferas.  A  balsam, 
obtained  from  it,  is  applied  to  cuts  and  wounds. 
The  resin  from  the  cones  is  diuretic  and  carmina- 
tive. 

TAXOXOMY,  Biotaxy. 

TAXUS  BACCA'TA,  Ta\oi.  The  Yew  tree, 
Smildx,  Smilas,  Thyni'alos,  (F.)  If.  Fantily,  Co- 
niferie.  Sex.  Syst.  Direcia  Monadelphia.  The 
jincients  believed  the  yew  to  be  poisonous  ;  but 
the  fruit  may  be  eaten  without  inconvenienc't. 
The  leaves  have  been  often  recommended  in  epi- 
lepsy. The  resin,  obtained  from  the  bark,  has 
been  called  a/bir. 

TAXUS  CANADEN'SIS,  American  Yew, 
Ground  Hem  luck ;  indigenous.  The  leaves  are 
said  to  be  sedative.[?] 

TAXWAX,  see  Nucha. 

TA  YE,  Caligo. 

TAYLOR'S  REMEDY  FOR  DEAFNESS, 
see  Allium. 

TEA,  Thea — t.  Apple,  see  Apple  tea — t.  Baha- 
ma, Lantnna  caniara  —  t.  Beef,  see  Beef  tea  —  t. 
Berried,  Gaultheria. 

Tka  Bkriiy,  Gaultheria. 

Tea,  Blankknhkim,  see  Galeopsis  grandiflora 
— t.  Brazil,  Lantana  pscudothea  —  t.  Bushman's, 
Methyscophyllum  glaucum — t.  Caffre,  llelichry- 
sum  nudifolium — t.  Chicken,  see  Chicken  tea — t. 
Flaxseed,  Infusum  Lini  comiiositum — t.  Ginger, 
Iiifusum  Zingiberis — t.  Hottentots',  Helichrysum 
Serpyllifolium — t.  Labrador,  Ledum  latifolium  — 
t.  Lemon-peel,  see  Citrus  medica  —  t.  Lye,  Phy- 
siek's,  s«e  Fuligokali  —  t.  Marsh,  Ledum  pahis- 
tre  —  t.  Mexico,  Chenopodium  ambrosioidcs  —  t. 
Mint,  Infusum  mentha)  —  t.  Mountain,  Gaulthe- 
ria— t.  Mutton,  see  Mutton  tea  —  t.  New  Jersey, 
Celastrus — t.  Oswego,  Monarda  coecinea — t.  Red- 
berry,  Gaultheria — t.  Sassafras,  S.aloop  —  t.  Slip- 
pery elm,  Infusum  Lini  compositum  —  t.  Soot, 


see  Fuligokali — t.  South  sea.  Ilex  vomitoria  —  t. 
Spanish,  Chenopodium  ambrosioidcs — t.  Yeal,  see 
Veal  tea. 

TEAK,  Paronychia. 

TEAR,  Sax.  tear,  Lac'ryma,  Lach'rymn,  Lac' - 
rima,  Lac'rnma,  Dacry,  Vac'ryma,  Dac'ryon, 
Humor  lacryiiia'lis,  Eyedrop,  Weepiiitj-leitr,  (F.) 
Larme.  An  exorementitious  humour,  secreted  by 
the  lachrymal  gland,  and  poured  between  the 
globe  of  the  eye,  and  the  eyelids,  to  facilitate  tho 
motions  of  those  parts.  The  tears  arc  saline,  in- 
odorous, and  colourless.  They  turn  the  syrup  of 
violets  green  ;  and  contain  chloride  of  sodium, 
with  excess  of  base;  phosphates  of  lime  and  soda, 
and  albumen,  and  a  special  organic  matter  called 
Lac'rymine  and  Tlirtpniue. 

TEARS,  DEERS',  Bezoar  of  the  deer. 

TEASEL,  CULTIVATED,  Dipsacus  sylves- 
tris. 

TEASICK,  Phthisis  pulmonalis. 

TEAT,  Nipple. 

TEAZEL,  Eupatorium  perfoliatum. 

TECEDON,  Phthisis. 

TEONOCTONIA,  Infanticide. 

TECNOL'OGY,  Tecol'oyy,  Tccnnhi(i"ia,  Teco- 
loy"ia,  from  tckvo;  and  rtnof,  '  a  child,'  and  Xoyoj, 
'a  description.'     A  treatise  on  children. 

TECOLITIIOS,  Judanis  (lapis.) 

TECO'MA  RADI'CANS,  lihjno'nia  mdi'cans, 
Truiiqx-t  Jlower,  Trumpet  creeper,  Viryin'ia  creep- 
er. Indigenous;  the  orange  and  scarlet  flowers 
appearing  in  July.  Order,  Bignoniaccas.  The 
leaves  are  acrid. 

TECTARIA  CALAHUALA,  see  Calagualae 
radix  —  t.  Ferruginea,  see  Calagualaj  radix. 

TEDA,  Tanla. 

TEETH,  see  Tooth— t.  Bixrred,  BarrScs  (Dents) 
— t.  Eye,  Canine  teeth — t.  Jaw,  Molar  teeth  — t. 
Milk,  see  Dentition— t.  Neck  of  the,  Collum  den- 
tium  —  t.  Shedding  of  the,  see  Dentition — t.  Vi- 
treous substance  of  the,  Enamel  of  the  teeth  —  t. 
Wisdom,  sec  Dentition — t.  Wit,  see  Dentition. 

TEETHING,  Dentition. 

TEGIMEN,  Integument. 

TEGMEN,  Inteiiumcnt. 

TEGULA  HICERNICA,  Ilibernicus  lapis. 

TEGUMEN,  Integument. 

TEGUMENT,  Integument. 

TE(JUMENTARY,"^7Vy»«,e,if«'c;»»,  (F.)  T&- 
f/umenldirc.  Relating  or  appertaining  to  the  in- 
tegument. 

TEGUMEN'TUM,  Integument— t.  Auris,  see 
Tympanum — t.  Ventriculorum  cerebri,  Centre, 
oval,  of  the  brain. 

TEIG XE,  Pityriasis,  Porrigo,  Porrigo  lupinosa 
— t.  Annulaire,  Porrigo  scutulata — t.  en  Anneaii, 
Porrigo  scutulata  —  t.  Fareitue,  Porrigo  favosa — 
t.  Furfnracie,  Porrigo  furfurans — /.  Aninmulaire, 
Porrigo  scutulata. 

TEINESMOS,  Tenesmus. 

TEINODYN'fA  ;  from  retvctv,  <  to  extend,'  and 
oSvvri,  'pain.'     Pain  of  the  sinews  or  tendons. 

TEINOPHLOGO'SIS;  from  Teivttv.  'to  ex- 
tend,'and  0Aoyu)cru,  '  inflammation.'  Inflamma- 
tion of  the  sinews  or  tendons. 

TEINTURE,  Tincture  — ^  FtherSe.s-ee  Ethe- 
real—  t.  Rnhffiante,  Tinctura  eantharidis. 

TEKEDON,  Tabes. 

TELA,  Texture,  Tissue  —  t.  Accidentalis  Me- 
duUaris,  Encephaloid  —  t.  Cavernosa,  Cavernous 
texture — t.  Cellulosa.  Cellular  tissue —  t.  Cornea, 
Corneous  tissue — t.  Choroidea,  Choroidea  tela — t. 
Emplastica,  Sparadrapum — t.  Erectilis,  Erectile 
tissue —  t.  Fibrosa,  see  Fibrous — t.  Galteri,  Spa- 
radrapum Galteri — t.  Hippocratis  crihrosa.  Cellu- 
lar tissue — t.  Hj-menochondroides,  Tissue,  carti- 
laginous— t.  H3'menochondrodes,  Tissue,  cartila- 
ginous— t.  Ichthyoeollse  glutiuans,  see  Sparadra. 


TELAMON 


902 


TEMPORAL 


pum  adhasivum — t.  Inodularis,  Tissue,  inodular 
— t.  Organic!),  llistos  —  t.  Vesicatoria,  Sparadra- 
]iiini  vesieatoriutn. 
TP^LAMON,  Habena. 

TKLAMO'NES.  riXaiitavf;,  'bandages.'  Char- 
pic,  used  for  wounds;  or  linen  employed  for 
liiindages. 

TELANGECTASIS,  Telangiectasia. 
TELANGIECTA'SIA,  Telangfec'tasi'a,  Tclan- 
ijec'ttisiK,  Auijeiotelecta'  nin,  Ucematotelougio'sis, 
J/(Bni<itel(n>(/i(i'dis,  Anyiccta'sia,  Aitastomo'sis 
imeiirtjumat'ifd  ;  from  tiXos,  'far,'  ayyetov,  '  ves- 
.'iel,'  J>nil  [KTuaii,  'dilatation.'  Dilatation  of  far  or 
capilliirv  vci^sels.  Njbvus  inaternus.  Aneurism 
liy  anastomosis.  According  to  some,  fungus  hae- 
inatodcs.     See  Ilaematodes  fungus. 

Tki.angibctasia  Oculi,  Cirsophthalmus. 
TELEPH'IUM,     U/ciis  tehpju'um,  Achille'nm- 
The  ancients  gave   this  name  to  any  ulcer  of  a 
very  bad  kind,  and  difficult  to  cure,  because  the 
■vvound,  which  Achilles  inflicted  on  Telephus,  de- 
generated into  a  similar  ulcer. 
Tm.Ki'HiiiM,  Sedum  telephium. 
TELLURISMUS,  Magnetism,  animal. 
TELLU'llIUM,  (F.)  TeUure  ;  from  tellvs,  tel- 
luric, '  the  earth.'     A  metal  first  met  with  in  the 
gold    mines   of   Transylvania.     It  is  of  a  bluish 
white  c(dour,  very  volatilizable :  specific  gravity 
6'115;    and  o.xidizable   in  the  air  and  by  heat. 
Ttie  salts  of  tellurium  occasion  the  exhalation  of 
so  disagreeable  an  alliaceous  odour  from  the  body, 
that  they  have  not  been  much  experimented  with 
as  therapeutical  agents. 
TELUM,  Penis. 
TEMPE,  Temple. 

TEM'PERAMENT,  Tewpcramen'tum,  Temper- 
ofn'rrt,  Tejiipeifi'tlo,  Tempo' vies  ;  from  tempnrare, 
'  to  moderate,'  (iriginally  from  teiiiptia,  temporis, 
'  time,'  the  great  temperer  ;  Cottip/ex'io,  Urasis, 
Jii(cra'ni(i.  A  name  given  to  the  remarkable  dif- 
ferences that  exist  between  individuals,  in  conse- 
C|uence  of  the  variety  of  relations  and  proportions 
between  the  constituent  parts  of  the  body.  Thus, 
of  old,  it  was  supposed  that,  according  to  the  pre- 
dominance of  any  one  of  the  four  humours  then 
generally  admitted, — blood,  lymph,  bile,  and  atra- 
bilis  or  black  bile,  —  the  manifestations  of  the 
functions  were  tewpi'i-rd  or  modified  so  as  to  give 
rise  to  a  8>nit/ii!iie,  h/iiip]i<itic.  choleric,  or  atrahi- 
lidiis  or  nielrnicholic  predominance  or  tempera- 
ment. The  idea  of  the  existence  of  certain  of 
these  humours  has  been  banished  ;  yet  the  influ- 
ence of  some,  as  of  the  blood,  lymph,  and  bile,  is 
still  admitted  by  many.  Too  much  influence  has, 
doubtless,  been  assigned  to  temperament  in  the 
sense  in  which  it  was  formerly  and  still  is  gener- 
ally understood,  although  there  can  be  no  ques- 
tion that  dilfcrenee  of  organization  occasions  a 
difference  in  the  activity  of  organs. 

Tkmi'euajibnt,  Bilious,  Choleric  tempera- 
ment. 

TEM'PERANCE,    Sophms'yne,    Nephal'iotes, 
Sobri'etim,    Snhri'ety.     Same   etymon.     Modera- 
tion, opposed  to  gluttony  and  drunkenness.    The 
advantage  of  temperance,  in  a  hygienic  point  of 
view,  requires  no  comment. 
TEMP  Ell  A  N  TS,  Sed  a  ti  ves. 
TEMPERATIO,  Temperament. 
TE:MPERATURA,  Temperament. 
TEMPEKIES,  Temperament. 
TFj.MPLE,  Tempns,  Re'yio   Tcmpnra'h'ii,  Crot'- 
npliiix,  (F.)   Teiiipe.     A  depression,  on  each  side 
of  the  head,  between  the  forehead  and  eye  ante- 
riorly, and  the  ear  posteriorly.     The  templen,  dis- 
tinguished into  ri'jht  and  left,  correspond   to  the 
temporal  fossa  on  each  side.     The  word  is  said  to 
be  from  the  Latin  tempm,  '  time,'  because  in  this 


part  the  hair  first  begins  to  turn  white,  and  to 
indicate  age. 

TEMPORAL,  Tempom'li8.  That  which  re- 
lates to  the  temples. 

TkmpohaI;  Ai'ONKURo'sis  is  a  very  strong  apo- 
neurosis,  of  a  bluish,  shining  colour,  which  is  at- 
tached to  the  whole  of  the  curved  line  of  the 
temporal  bone;  to  the  posterior  edge  of  the  inahir 
bone;  to  the  superior  margin  of  the  zygomatic 
arch  ;  and  forms  an  envelope  for  the  temporal 
muscle. 

Tkmporal  Artehies,  Crot'aphite  Arteries,  are 
several:  —  I.  The  Temp(>r(xl  Arlerij,  \)ri)\)CT\y  so 
called,  arises  from  the  outer  side  of  the  superior 
part  of  the  external  carotid.  It  ascends  between 
the  ramus  of  the  jaw,  the  meatus  auditorius  ex- 
ternus,  and  the  parotid  gland,  which  covers  it  as 
far  as  the  zygomatic  arch.  Above  this  it  becomes 
subcutaneous;  and,  when  it  has  attained  the 
middle  of  the  temporal  region,  it  divides  into  two 
branches;  the  one  anterior — A.  tejiip<>rn'lin fron. 
ta'lin  seu  inier'iiti  seu  aiite'riiir  ;  the  other  poste- 
rior—  the  A.  teniporuliu  oeeipita'lin  seu  e.rter'nn 
seu  snpe.'rior.  The  temporal  artery,  before  its 
division,  gives  off,  1.  Branches  to  the  parotid;  to 
the  joint  of  the  lower  jaw;  to  the  meatus  audi- 
torius, and  to  the  masseter.  2.  The  tronnveme 
arteri/  of  the  face.  3.  The  middle  tevqjnral,  which 
arises  bcneath»the  cheek-bones,  and  traverses  the 
temporal  aponeurosis,  immediately  beneath  that 
bone.  II.  The  Deep-seated  Tew'pornh — A.  tern- 
pnrn'len  prafiut'dcB.  These  are  two  in  number. 
They  arise  from  the  internal  maxillary,  and  have 
been  distinguished,  from  their  position,  into  nn- 
terior  und  posterior.  They  send  their  principal 
divisions  to  the  temporal  muscle. 

Temporal  Bone,  Os  tern'poris  seu  tempnm'le 
seu  arcua'le  seu  arma'le  seu  parietu'le  iiifcrius 
seu  crot'ophnni  seu  memen'to  wnri  sen  nieiido'- 
svm  seu  crot'nphit'iciim  seu  lapido'sum,  is  seated 
at  the  lateral  and  inferior  part  of  the  cranium,  of 
which  it  forms  part;  and  contains,  within  it,  the 
special  organs  of  audition.  It  is  usually  divided 
into  three  portions  :  —  1.  The  sqnamoKs,  Pars 
sqiiamo'sa,  Sqxavia,  Lepis'nia,  Os  tepidoi'des  seu 
sqnamo'sinn  seu  sqnamifor'me,  (F.)  Portion  ecail- 
leitse  on  squameiise.  2.  Ihe  mastoid  2'oytion,  7ir\i, 
3.  The  Petrous  portion.  Petrous  Proc"ess,  Pyr'- 
amis  tn'go'ua,  Os  lapide'um  seu  lapido'sum  seu 
sax'enni  seu  petro'snm  seu  litho'ides  seu  durum  scu 
prmruptcB  ru])i  assimila'tnm  seu  nervule.  Pars  pe- 
tro'sa,  P.]»/ra>uida'lis  ossia  tern'poris,  (F.)  Portion 
pierreuse,  Rocher,  Ospetreux,  Apophyse  pyrami- 
dale,  A.  petrfe. 

It  htis,  Jirat,  an  auricular  or  external  face,  on 
which  is  a  surface  that  makes  part  of  the  tempo- 
ral fossa;  the  zygomatic  process  ;  the  (/lenoid  ca- 
vity ;  the  fissure  of  Glaser ;  the  meatus  audito- 
rius externus ;  the  mastoid  process;  the  digas- 
tric groove;  the  canalis  caroticus  ;  the  jugular 
fossa;  the  styloid  process  ;  the  stylo-mastoid  fo- 
ramen, Ac.  2.  A  cerebral  or  internal  surface, 
which  corresponds  to  the  cavity  of  the  cranium, 
and  on  which  is  the  Pars  jietrosa,  the  hiatus  Fal- 
lopii,  the  meatus  auditorius  iuternus,  the  fssnrc 
of  the  aquffductus  vestihuli,  a  jyortion  of  the  gut- 
ter for  the  lateral  sinus,  &c.  3.  A  circumference, 
on  which  is  observed  the  orifice  of  the  bony  por- 
tion of  the  Eustachian  tube,  the  aquaductus 
cochlea,  (fee.  The  temporal  bone  is  articulated 
with  the  sphenoid,  occipital,  parietal,  malar,  and 
inferior  maxillary  bones.  It  is  developed  from 
five  points  of  ossification. 

Temporal  Fossa.  Fossa  temporn'lis,  in  an  ex- 
cavation, observed  at  each  side  of  the  head.  It 
is  filled  by  the  muscle  whose  name  it  bears,  and 
is  formed  by  the  temporal  and  sphenoid,  below  ; 
by  the  parietal  and  frontal  bones,  above ;  is 
separated,    by    a    transverse    crista,    from    the 


TEMPORO-A  URIC  UL  AIRE 


9  03 


TENSE UR 


zy;?omalic  fossa;  and  completed,  before,  by  the 
chi'ek-bone. 

Tbmporal  Muscle,  Tewporn'lin,  Crotnphi'tes, 
(F.)  Airiidl-iemporo  maxiUaire,  Ttmporo  mtixil- 
liire  (Cli.),  is  a  broad,  flattened,  triangular  mus- 
cle, which  fills  the  temporal  fossa.  Its  fibres  are 
attached  to  the  temporal  aponeurosis  and  fossa; 
und  all  converge  into  a  stronj;  tendon,  which 
passes  under  the  zygomatic  arch,  and  is  inserted 
into  the  coronoid  process  of  the  lower  jaw.  Tliis 
muscle  raises  the  lower  jaw,  and  applies  the  teeth 
against  each  other. 

TKNfPoKAL  Nkuvks.  ThcsB  are  distinguished 
into  the  unperficial  tempornl,  furnished  by  the 
inferior  maxilhiry  branch  of  the  fifth  pair,  behind 
the  condyle  of  the  jaw;  and  the  tempnialea  pro- 
fundi, —  nnterior  and  poHten'or,  —  furnished  by 
the  same  nerve  at  its  exit  from  the  cranium. 
Siiramering  has  given  the  name  temporol  to  the 
divisions  sent  by  the  facial  nerve  to  the  temporal 
regions. 

TKMi'OiiAL  Veins  were  formerly  called  yEtoi 
or  Aeloi  Phlehea,  Af/'itila;   VeticB. 

TEMPORO-AURIGULAIRE,  Attollens  au- 
rem. 

TEM'PORO  -  FA'CIAL,  Tem'poro-facin'lla. 
Belonging  to  the  temple  and  face. 

TempoRO-FACIAL  Nkuve,  Nerviis  temporo-faci- 
n'lin.  A  branch  of  the  facial  nerve  distributed 
to  the  face  and  temple. 

T  K  M  P  0  R  0-MA  KILL  AIR  E,  Temporo- 
niaxillary,  sec  Temporal  muscle. 

TEMPORO-MAX'ILLARY,  Tem'poro-mniril. 
In'rii),  (F.)  Temporo-miixilliure.  That  which  be- 
longs to  the  temporal  bone  and  lower  jaw. 

TKMPOiio-MAXiLi.AnY  Articitlatiox  or  joint 
of  the  lower  jaw,  is  seated  between  the  glenoid 
cavity  and  transverse  process  of  the  temporal 
bone  on  the  one  hand,  and  the  condyle  of  the 
lower  jaw  on  the  other.  Two  thin  cartilages 
cover  the  surfaces  of  these  bones.  The  one  is 
common  to  the  transverse  process,  and  the  por- 
tion of  tho  glenoid  cavity  anterior  to  the  fissure 
of  Glaser;  the  other  belongs  to  the  condyle. 
This  articulation  is  furnished  with  an  inter-arti- 
cular fihro-cartilage,  two  synovial  capsules,  and 
two  lateral  ligaments:  —  the  one  internal,  and 
the  other  external. 

Tkmporo-maxii.lary  Nerves  of  Bichat  are 
the  divisions  of  the  facial  nerve,  distributed  to 
the  temporal  and  maxillary  regions. 

TEMPUS,  Temple— t.Intercalare,  Apyrexia, 
Intermission. 

TEM'ULENCE,  Ebr!'etas.  Ebnna'itas,  Methyn'. 
mint,  Meth'iiiis,  Temii/eii'tia,  Tem'nlencji,  Inehrta'- 
tinn,  futn.ricii'tio)!,  Driiiik'eiiJifKa  : — from  wine, 
(Eiioph/i/i/"ia,  (Enophli/.r'ia,  Vinolen'lin,  Vi'uo- 
leiipc,  (F.)  fvrcuse ;  from  lemetiim,  ixtSv,  'wine,  any 
intoxicating  drink.'  Plater  gave  this  name  to 
delirium  ;  Ettmuller,  to  an  apoplectic  condition, 
depending  upon  drunkenness;  the  Apop/e.r'ia 
Temtihn'ta  or  dead  drunkenness.  Commonly, 
Te.mulentia  is  used  synonymously  with  drunken- 
ness, MctJie  ;  and  is  often  employed  in  the  de- 
scription of  diseases  to  indicate  a  state  resembling 
drunkenness.  Mania  e  Temiilentid  is  the  same 
as  Delirium  Tremens.  The  French  use  the  term 
Irre-ise  for  drunkenness,  Ivrognerie  for  habitual 
drunkenness. 

TEMULENTIA.  Temulence. 

TENACULA,  Bone-nippers  —  t.  Volsella,  For- 
ceps (lithcitomyl. 

TENACULUM,  (fenax.tenacia,  'holding  fast,') 
from  teneo,  '  I  hold.'  A  kind  of  fine  hook 
attached  to  a  handle  which  is  thrust  through  the 
parictes  of  a  blood-vessel  to  draw  it  out  and 
enable  it  to  be  tied. 

Tknaoi'Mtm,  Assalini  s.  An  ingenious  instru- 
ment  invented  by  Assalini.     It  consists  of  a  for- 


ceps, or  double  tenaculum,  the  points  of  which 
are  fine,  sharp,  and  bifurcated,  so  as  to  be  readily 
received  into  each  other  when  the  instrument  is 
closed  on  the  artery,  which  it  is  by  a  spring.  It 
is  of  great  use  when  the  surgeon  has  no  assistant 
at  hand.  The  instrument  is  figured  in  S.  Cooper's 
"  First  Lines." 

TEXA/LLE  INCISIVE,  Bone-nippers. 

TEX  ASM  US,  Tenesmus. 

TENDINES  C0HUNARIJ5,  Coronary  tendons. 

TEN'DINOUS,  Tendino'sni,  Tei,di),'eii>:, 
Sin'eiri/,  (F.)  Tendineux,  from  tendo,  tendiuix.  'a 
tendon.'  Relating  or  appertaining  to,  or  having 
the  nature  of  tendons. 

TENDO,  Tendon  —  t.  Cordis  venosus,  Circulus 
callosus  Halleri. 

TENDON,  Tendo,  Pronerva'tio,  Tenon,  from 
Tcivo),  tendo,  '  I  stretch.'  Sinetc,  Thew,  Leader, 
(Prov.)  (luider.  A  fibrous  cord,  more  or  less 
round,  long,  or  flattened  ;  of  a  white,  pearl  colour, 
and  composed  of  very  close  parallel  fibres.  The 
tendons  are  attached  to  the  bones,  by  one  ex- 
tremity; by  the  other,  they  receive  the  insertions 
of  the  fleshy  fibres  :  sometimes  they  afford  attach- 
ment to  fleshy  fibres  at  both  ends;  —  as  in  the 
digastric  muscle.  The  tendons  must  be  con- 
sidered as  so  many  cords,  for  transmitting  the 
motion  of  muscles  to  the  bones  or  levers. 

TENDON  D'ACHILLE,  Achillis  tendo. 

Tendon,  Cordifoi'.m,  of  the  Diaphragm,  Cen- 
ter, phrenic. 

TENDONS,  TWITCHING  OF  THE,  Sub- 
sultus  tcndinum. 

TENEOTOMIA,  Tenotomy. 

TENESME,  Tenesmus  — ^  de  VCEsophage, 
ffisophagisnuis  —  (.  Venical,  Bradysuria. 

TENES'MUS,  Teines'mos,  Tenaa'mus,  from 
Tetvu),  '  I  stretch.'  Proc'tica  seu  Ohntipa'tio 
TeneHmna,  Proctoapas'ntna,  Tinag'mua,  (F.)  Te- 
neame,  Epreintea.  Frequent,  vain  and  painful 
desires  to  go  to  stool; — one  of  the  chief  symp- 
toms of  inflammation  of  the  lining  membrane  of 
the  digestive  tube,  as  of  dysentery. 

Tenesmus  Vesica,  Bradysuria  —  t.  Vesicis 
mucosus.  Cystirrhooa. 

TENETTES,  Forceps  (craniotomy). 

TENIA,  Tajnia. 

TENNESSEE',  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
On  the  waters  of  the  French  Broad  River,  in  this 
State,  is  a  large,  clear,  thermal  spring.  The  heat 
is  so  great  that,  on  first  going  into  the  water,  it 
is  almost  insupportable. 

TENON,  Tendon. 

TENONT'AGRA,  from  rtvwv,  revovros,  'ten- 
don,' and  aypa,  '  seizure.'  A  variety  of  gout, 
which  affects  the  tendinous  parts  of  muscles,  or 
the  tendinous  ligaments  which  strengthen  certain 
articulations. 

TENONTOTOMIA,  Tenotomy. 

TENONTOTRO'TL  from  tcvwv,  tcvovto?,  'ten- 
don,' and  TiTpwo-Kw,  '  I  wound.'  They  who  are 
wounded  in  the  tendons.  —  Galen. 

TENOSYNI'TIS,  Tenoaynovi'tia  [?],  {Y.y  Te- 
noatjnile.  An  imperfectly  formed  term,  from 
Ttvuv,  '  a  tendon,'  ai/n,  and  itia,  denoting  inflam- 
mation. Inflammation  of  the  synovial  sheath  of 
a  tendon. 

TENOTOME,  Tenot'omua ;  same  etymon  as 
the  next.  An  instrument  for  dividing  tendons, 
especially  by  the  subcutaneous  method. 

TENOT'OMY,  Tenntom'ia,  Teneotom'ia,  Tenon- 
Mom' in,  Sec'tio  seu  Diaaec'tio  ten'dinum,  (F.)  Te- 
notomie,  from  revuv,  'a  tendon.'  and  rofiv,  'in- 
cision.' The  operation  of  dividing  a  tendon, 
often  practised  for  the  removal  of  loxarthrus,  or 
deviation  of  the  joints  —  as  in  club-foot. 

TENSEUR  DE  L'APOXEVROSE  FEMO- 
RAL E,  Fascia  lata  muscle. 


TENSION 


904 


TERES 


TEN'SION,  Ten'ai'o,  Tensn'm,  Tua!s,  Dinl'r,.ii», 
Enton'in,  [Entoiiiit  is,  also,  used  fur  over-tension,) 
Coiiteii'sio,  Dibleii'eio,  from  tcmlere,  tensiini,  '  to 
ytretcli.'  State  of  a  part,  whieh  is  stretclicd, 
when  its  textures  are  distended  by  the  afflux 
of  fluiils,  or  the  accumulation  of  gas;  or  when 
its  filires  arc  drawn,  as  it  were,  in  an  opposite 
(liroL-tion,  and  are,  consequently,  more  resisting 
tlian  usual. 

TENSIVE,  Tensi'vxs,  Tono'dea,  (F.)  Tenaif. 
Same  etymon.  Accompanied  by  tension  or  by  a 
fueling  of  tension  —  as  a  '  tensive  pain.' 

TEXSOll  CHOllOIDE.^,  Ciliary  muscle— t. 
Palati,  Circumflexus  musculus. 

Tensoii  Taksi.  a  small  muscle,  belonging  to 
the  inner  commissure  of  the  eyelids,  well  de- 
scribed by  Professor  Horner,  of  Philadelphia,  and 
hence  termed  Mitucle  of  Iluruer.  It  is  about 
three  lines  broad  and  six  long;  arises  from  the 
posterior  flat  surface  of  the  os  unguis,  near  its 
junction  with  the  ethmoid  bone,  and  passes  for- 
wards and  outwards,  lying  on  the  posterior  face 
of  the  lachrymal  ducts.  As  it  approaches  the 
commissure  of  tlie  lids,  it  splits  into  two  nearly 
equal  parts,  each  of  which  is  appropriated  to  a 
duct,  and  inserted  along  its  course,  almost  to  the 
punctum  lacrymale.  Its  chief  office  seems  to  be, 
to  influence  the  position  of  the  punctum  lacrymale, 
and  to  regulate  the  course  of  the  tears  through 
the  laciirymal  ducts. 

Tknsou  Tvm'pani,  Inter' iiiis.  Ann's,  Internus 
Mal'lei,  (F.)  SSulpiiiijo-^nalleen.  A  small  muscle, 
which  arises  from  the  petrous  portion  of  the  tem- 
poral bone,  and  the  cartilage  of  the  Eustachian 
tube,  and  terminates  by  a  tendon,  which  is  re- 
flected over  the  processus  cochleaformis,  and  is 
inserted  into  the  apophysis  of  the  handle  of  the 
malleus. 

Tknsor  Vaginae  Femouis,  Fascia  lata  muscle. 
TKNSURA,  Tension. 
TENSUS,  Penis. 

TEXT,  Tenia,  Tnrun'dn,  and  its  diminutive, 
Tnrun'dnia,  Penic'tdna,  PeuiciVlna,  PenicU'him, 
J/otoa,  Lemtiis'ciia,  Liciu'ium,  (F.)  Tente,  3Ieche, 
from  tcndere,  tenaum  or  tentum,  'to  stretch.'  In 
surgery,  tents  are  small  rolls  of  lint,  of  a  cylin- 
drical or  pyramidal  shape,  which  are  introduced 
into  wounds  and  deep  ulcers,  to  prevent  them 
from  closing  before  they  are  filled  up  from  the 
liottom.  Tents  are  sometimes,  also,  made  of  pre- 
))ared  sponge,  gentian  root,  &c.  They  are  not  so 
much  used  as  they  formerly  were. 

TENTACULARIA,  Filaria  hominis  bron- 
chialis. 

TENTACULUM  CEREBELLI,  Tentorium. 
TENTA'MEN  MED'ICUM.  'A  medical  trial.' 
From  tfnt((i-e.  'to  try.'  An  examination  in  medi- 
cine, in  the  Prussian  universities,  which  is  con- 
ducted both  in  writing  and  vivd  voce  before  the 
Dean  of  the  Medical  Faculty. 

TEXTE.  Tent  —  /,  dn  Ccrveht,  Tentorium. 
TEXTKiO    VENEREA,    Nymphomania  — t. 
Vcrctri.  Satyria.«is. 

TENTIPEL'LUJM.  from  tendere,  tensnm  or 
tenlnin.  'to  stretch,'  and  pellia,  'the  skin.'  Ancient 
name  of  a  cosmetic,  with  which,  it  was  pretended, 
writikli's  could  be  effaced. 

TENTO'RIUM,  T.  ccrehel'lo  anper-exten'snm, 
T.  ecrehelli,  Tentac' nhim  cerehelli,  Septnm  enceph'- 
tili,  I)iii])hriiii'm<i  cerebri,  fnteraep'ta  horizontn'- 
lia  Piiccliiij'niy  Proces'sna  tranaoer'aiia  dnra  mn- 
trin,  Liiterfd  Processes  of  the  Dnra  Hater,  Trans- 
verse septnm,  (F.)  Tente  dn  cervelet,  PUincher  du 
Cerrean, Septum  transrerse  (Ch.),  from  tendere,  ten- 
snm or  tenfnni,  '  to  stretch.'  A  process  of  the  dura 
luater,  which  separates  the  cerebrum  from  the 
cerebellum.  It  extends  from  the  internal  hori- 
zontal spine  of  the  occipital  bone,  directly  for- 
wards to  the  sella  Turcica  of  the  sphenoid. 


Tkntorii'm  ('KifF.BELLi,  Tentorium. 

TENTU.M,  Penis. 

TENTU'ORT.  Asplcniuni  ruta  muraria. 

TENUIS  MATER,  Pia  mater. 

TENUITAS  AQUOSA,  Pranlominium  nqiw. 

TEPIIRO'SIA  APOLLINE'A,  (/.,/,',/"  ^h'"'- 
line'd  of  Egypt  and  Nubia.  Order,  EeguminosK. 
The  leaves  are  often  found  mixed  with  senna. 

TKPIlliOSIA  P(;nPI!'lti:A,  Oalc'ya  pnrpn'rcit  of 
the  coast  of  Coromandcl.  The  root  is  bitter,  and 
a  decoction  of  it  is  prescribed  by  the  native  doc- 
tors in  d3'spcpsia,  licntery,  and  tympanites. 

Tephkosia  Si;n.\a.  The  leaves  are  used  for 
senna  by  the  people  of  Popayan. 

TepiihOSIA  ToXK'A'rIA,  O'lde'ija  toxica'ria  of 
Cayenne.  The  leaves  arc  used  for  poisoning 
fish.  It  has  been  suggested  as  a  substitute  for 
digitalis. 

Tkpiii:osia  A^ihoiniana,  Galega  Virginiana, 

TEPIDARIUM,  see  Stove. 

TEPLITZ.  Tiiplitz. 

TERAS,  Monster. 

TERATOCENY,  Teratnr,en'ia,  from  rtpaj, 
TtpoTOf,  'a  monster,'  and  ytvtaii,  'generation.' 
The  formation  of  monsters. 

TERATOL'OGY,  Teratohxf'ia,  from  rtpat, 
TipaToi,  'a  monster,'  and  Xoyoj,  'a  discourse.'  A 
treatise  on  monsters. 

TERATOSIS,  see  Monster. 

TERCERON,  see  Mulatto  — t.  Black,  see  Mu- 
latto. 

TEREBELLA,  Trepan. 

TEREBELLUM.  A  name  given  by  DugSs  to 
a  perforator,  Perce  crane,  of  his  invention. 

TEPEBENTHINE,  Terebinthina— /.  de  Par- 
deanx,  see  Pinus  sj'lvestris — t.  de  C/iio,  see  Pis- 
tacia  terebinthus  —  t.  de  Copalui,  Copaiha  —  t. 
Commune,  see  Pinus  sylvestris  —  t.  d'Er/i/pte,  see 
Amyris  opobalsamum  —  t.  dc  Giliad,  see  Auiyris 
opobalsamum — t.  dn  Grand  Caire,  see  Amyris 
opobalsamum  —  f.  de  Jndee,  see  Amyris  opobal- 
samum —  t.  de  Melize,  see  Pinus  larix. 

TEREBENTHINE,  Terebinthinate. 

TEREBIN'THINA,  from  rcg^nv^oi,  or  rr/jf/Jiv- 
Sof.  'the  turpentine  tree.'  Tur'pentine,  liotin, 
Alhotim,  Allilihat,  Brntino,  (F.)  Tert'benthine.  A 
substance,  of  the  consistence  of  honey,  which 
flows  from  many  trees  of  the  terebitubaceae  and 
coniferas  families.  It  is  viscid;  shining;  more 
or  less  transparent;  inflammable;  of  a  warm, 
pungent  taste;  strong  smell;  and  is  entirely 
composed  of  resin  and  essential  oil,  without  ben- 
zoic acid.  It  is  soluble  in  alcohol.  See  Turpen- 
tine, Pinus  palustris  and  Pinus  sylvestris.  All 
the  turpentines  are  stimulant,  diuretic,  and  ca- 
thartic. 

TisiiKBiNTiTiNA  Ahgentoratensis,  sce  Pinus 
picea  —  t.  Balsamea,  see  Pinus  balsamea  —  t.  Ca- 
nadensis, see  Pinus  balsamea  —  t.  Chia,  see  Pis- 
tacia  terebinthus — t.  Communis,  see  Pinus  syl- 
vestris—  t.  Cypria,  see  Pistacia  terebinthus  —  t. 
Empyreumatica,  see  Pinus  sylvestris- — t.  Larici- 
na.  see  Pinus  larix — t.  Veneta,  see  Pinus  larix — 
t.  Vera,  see  Pistacia  terebinthus — t.  Vulgaris,  seo 
Pinus  sylvestris  —  t.  de  Venise,  see  Pinus  larix. 

TEREBIN'TIIINATE,   Terehinthina'tus,  (F.) 
Tereii'  nthinf.    Having  the  qualities  of  turpentine. 
TEREBINTHUS,  Terminthus— t.  Gummifera, 
Bursera  gummifera — t.  Lentiseus,   Pistacia  len- 
tiscus  —  t.  Vulgaris,  Pistacia  terebinthus. 
TEREBRA,  Trepan. 
TEREBRATIO.  Trepanning. 
TEREDO  OSSIUM,  Caries.  Spina  vcntosa. 
TERES,  Stron'y)/lns,    Ci/lindroi'des   'long   and 
round,'  from  lero,  '  to  Tuh,'  quaai  'rubbed  smooth 
or  round.'    An  epithet  given  to  many  organs,  the 
fibres  of  which  are  collected  into  round  fasciculi. 
Teres     LiG.i|ME.\''TUM,    (F.)    Ligament    rund. 


TERESIS 


905 


TESTICLE 


This  name  is  given  to  the  round  lignment  in  the 
cotyloid  cavity  of  the  os  innominatuiu,  which 
is  iittiiclied  to  the  head  of  the  bone,  and  to  the 
bottom  of  tlie  cavity.  It  is,  also,  given  to  a 
giniill  fibrous  fascia,  vphich  extends  from  the  co- 
ronoid  process  of  the  ulna  to  below  the  bicipital 
tubercle  of  the  radius. 

Turks  Ma-jou,  (F.)  AnrjuU-ncapido-hitmcral, 
Sciijiiilo-linmSnil  (C'b.),  Grand  roiid,  is  situate  at 
the  inferior  and  posterior  part  of  the  shoulder. 
It  is  attached,  on  the  one  hand,  to  the  outer  sur- 
face of  the  scapula;  to  the  eorrecponding  part  of 
its  axillary  margin  ;  and,  on  the  other,  to  the 
posterior  niargin  of  the  bicipital  groove  of  the 
humerus.  It  carries  tlie  arm  backwards  and 
inwards,  and  carries  it,  also,  inwards  in  rotation. 
When  it  acts  with  the  longissimus  dorsi  and  pec- 
toralis  major,  it  applies  the  arm  against  the  late- 
ral part  of  the  chest,  and  keeps  it  forcibly  there. 

Teuk.s  Minor,  Nonii8  Jni'meri  Fluceuti'ni,  (F.) 
Le  pill"  petit  8ii8-scapiilo-trochlten'en  (Ch.),  Petit 
road,  3f(ir(/iiii-8iis-si;apulo-trochitSrieii,  is  situ- 
ate at  the  posterior  and  inferior  part  of  the 
shoulder ;  it  is  narrow  and  flattened,  from  above 
to  below,  in  its  inner  half;  and,  from  before  to 
behind,  in  the  outer.  It  is  attached,  on  the  one 
part,  to  the  outer  surface  of  the  scapula,  near  its 
inferior  angle  ;  and,  on  the  other,  to  the  inferior 
part  of  the  great  tuberosity  of  the  humerus.  It 
depresses  the  arm,  and  causes  it  to  turn  on  its 
axis  from  within  outwards.  It  also  carries  it 
backwards. 

TERESIS,  Observation. 

TKRETRIUM,  Trepan. 

TERETRON,  Trepan. 

TER(JAL,  Dorsal. 

TER(JKiMINI,  Trigemini. 

TElUiUM,  Dorsum,  Vertebral  column. 

TERMINALIA,  see  Myrobiilanus. 

TERMINOLOGY,  Nomenclature. 

TERMIN'TIIUS,  Terebiii'llnw,  from  TCiiAivSos, 
'the  turpentine  tree.'  PInjm<i  Anthrax,  Termin- 
thiiH,  Kerry  or  Fungous  (■iirl/niide.  The  ancients 
gave  this  name  to  a  tumour,  surmounted  by  a 
black  pustule,  and  rcseuibling  the  fruit  of  the 
turpentine  tree. 

Tkkmintiiiis,  Pistacia  terebinthus. 

TERMINUS  SUPERIOR  ASPERyE  ARTE- 
UIM.  Lnrynx. 

TERMONOLOGY,  Nomenclature. 

TERMS,  Menses. 

TERRA  AESORBENS  MINERALIS,  Magne- 
sia) carbonas — t  Aluiiiinis,  Argillapura — t.  Ama- 
raaeratii,  MagnesiiU  carbonas — t.  Amara  su!))hu- 
ricii,  MagnesiiC  sulphas  —  t.  Argillacea  hydrata, 
Argilla  pura — t.  Argillacea  })nra,  Argilla  pura — t. 
Solaris,  Argilla  pura — t.  Foliata,  Sulphur  —  t. 
Foliatamineralis,  Soda  acetata — t.  Foliata  tartari, 
Potassai  acetas  —  t.  Forriacuin,  see  Bricks  —  t. 
Fulhinica.  Cimolia  ])urpurcscens  —  t.  Japonica, 
Catechu,  Nauclea  gambir. 

TKiiitA  Lkm'nia,  Leinp'ninK,  ArgillaholuK  flnva, 
Lem'nian  Earth.  A  name  given  by  the  ancients 
to  a  solid,  reddish,  astringent,  substance,  pre- 
pared with  the  pulp  of  the  fruit  of  the  Baobab, 
nn  African  tree,  according  to  Prosper  Aljiinus. 
It  seems,  however,  to'  be  an  argillaceous  earth. 
It  has  been  employed  as  an  astringent. 

Tkiuia  LiV'on'icA.  A  terra  aiijilla'tn  or  nealed 
earth  from  Livonia,  redder  than  that  from  Silesia, 
and  very  astringent. 

Tkrka  Mkkita,  Curcuma  longa. 

Tkiira  Noceiiia'.na.  A  whitish,  soft,  and  as- 
tringent earth,  found  in  the  environs  of  Nocera, 

in  Italy. 

Terra  Ori.RA'.NA,  Pifimen  turn  umcu,  Urucu, 
(F  )  Hocoii  Roiicon,  liichel.  A  pigmental  matter 
obtained  from  the  seeds  oi  Ui^a  Orlenna  scu 
Orella'iut    scu   Amerieu'im,    Orella  iiu,    Urlea  na. 


In  Jamaica,  it  is  recommended  in  dysentery,  and 
is  considered  to  possess  astringent  and  stomachic 
qualities.  It  is  called,  according  to  its  shape, 
Fld'l,  Roll,  or  Eijij  Annotto. 

Spaninli  A)iiii/tto,  BIjca,  is  in  small,  oblong 
cakes.  It  is  chiefly  employed  as  a  colouring 
matter. 

Terra  Os'sea,  Mate'ria  osnea.  Bony  matter. 
The  earthy  portion  of  bones. 

Terra  Ponderosa,  Baryta — t.  Ponderosa  mu- 
riata,  Baryta,  muriate  of — t.  Ponderosa  salita, 
Baryta,  ujuriate  of — t.  Saponaria,  Cimolia  pur- 
purescens. 

Terra  Portugal'lica,  liarros,  Bncaros.  A 
reddish,  astringent,  styptic  earth,  obtained  from 
Portugal. 

Terra  Sigilla'ta,  Sealed  Earth.  A  bole  or 
earthy  matter,  made  into  little  cakes  or  flat 
masses,  and  stamped  with  certain  imj)ressions,  as 
with  the  head  of  the  Grand  Seignior.  To  these 
belong  the  Term  Silesinca,  Terra  Lemnia,  T. 
Tnreiea.     See  Bole  and  Bolus  alba. 

Terra  Silesiaca,  see  Terra  sigillata  —  t.  Tal- 
cosa  oxyanthracodes.  Magnesias  carbonas  —  t. 
Turcica,  see  Terra  sigillata. 

Terra  Uri'n^.  The  earthy  deposit  in  the 
urine. 

Terra  Vitriom  Dulcis,  Colcothar. 

TERR^  SKilLLAT^,  see  Bole,  Bolus  alba, 
and  Terra  sigillata. 

TERRAPIN,  Emys  palustris. 

TERRE  JiOLAIRE,  Bolus  —  /.  3farpiexienne, 
Magnesiie  carbonas  —  t.  Noix,  Bunium  bulbocas- 
tanum  —  t.  Pesante,  Baryta — t.  Siijillee,  Bolus 
alba. 

TERRETTE.  Glcohoma  he<leracea. 

TERTIAN  FEVER,  Fehrls  tertia'na,  An'etus 
tertianim,  TritcB' lis.  Tertian  or  Third  Day  Ague, 
Third  Day  Fecer,  (F.)  Fievre  tierce,  from  tertius, 
•  the  third.'  An  intermittent,  whose  jiaroxysras 
recur  everj'  third  day,  or  every  48  hours.  The 
mildest,  and  the  most  jiernicioiis,  intcrmittents 
belong  to  this  iiead.  Af  a  general  rule,  it  is  the 
most  manageable  form  of  ague. 

A  double  tertian,  (F.)  Double  tierce  (Fievre), 
has  a  paroxysm  everyday,  —  the  paroxysms  of 
alternate  days  being  associated. 

TERTIANARIA,  Scutellaria  galericulata. 

TESSA  R A.  Cuboid. 

TESSELLA.  Tabella. 

TEST,  DANIEL'S,  see  Docitnasia  pulmonum 
—  t.  Hydrostatic,  see  Docimasia  jiulmonum  —  t. 
Plou.equet's,  see  Docimasia  pulmonum — t.  Static, 
see  Docimasia  pulmonum. 

TESTA,  ('a  shell,')  see  Ostrea  — t.  Ovi,  see 
Membrana  putaminis. 

Testa  PrtEPAra'ta,  Prepared  Oyster-shell. 
Oyster-shell,  freed  from  extraneous  matter,washed 
with  boiling  water,  reduced  to  powder,  and  pre- 
pared in  the  same  manner  as  Creta  praeparata. 

TESTA'CEOUS,  Testa'ceus,  (F.)  Testace,  from 
testa,  'a  shell.'  A  powder,  consisting  of  burnt 
shells.  These  contain  carbonate  of  lime  chiefly, 
and  hence  the  term  has  been  applied  to  creta- 
ceous substances.     See  Creta. 

TESTiE  FOENACE^,  Bricks— t.  Ostrea;,  see 
Ostrea. 

TESTES.  The  Testicles,  see  Testicle.  Vulgar- 
ly, the  Stones.  A  name,  also,  given  to  the  infe- 
rior tubercles  of  the  corpora  quadrigemina,  to  dis- 
tinguish them  from  the  superior,  called  Nates. 

Testes  Cerebri,  see  Quadrigemina  corpora. 

TES'TICLE,  Testis,  T.  viri'lis,  Testic'ulua, 
Orchis,  Poinum  amo'ris,  Did'ynius,  Her'nia,  Gem'- 
ini  (pi.),  Gemelli  (pi.).  Ovum,  (F.)  Testieide,  from 
testis,  '  a  witness  ;'  because  the  testicles  are  evi- 
dences of  virility.  The  name  of  two  glandular 
organs,  contained  in  the  scrotum,  whose  office  is 
to  secrete  sperm.     The  substance  uf  the  testicle 


TESTICONDUS 


9  0  0 


TEUCRIUM   CRETICUM 


conpis^ts  of  numerous  conical,  flattonoJ  lobules  — 
loh'ttli  teatiis  —  whose  bases  are  directed  towards 
tlie  surface  of  the  organ,  and  the  apices  towards 
the  corpus  Ilighinorianum.  They  are  formed  of 
a  gray  and  softish  substance,  composed  of  tor- 
tuous canals,  called  Tu'biili  scu  Caiialic'iili  eemi- 
iiif'eri  seu  semina'len,  Vuna  seiiiiiia'lia,  Vus'cula 
mrpenti'na,  folded  on  each  other,  and  of  extreme 
fineness  ;  the  number  of  which,  according  to  the 
estimate  of  Monro,  is  62,500,  and  the  total  length 
i),208  feet.  All  these  canals,  uniting  in  their 
course,  pass  through  the  corpus  Highuiorianum, 
concur  in  forming  the  epididymis,  and  give  origin 
to  the  vas  deferens.  The  testicles  are  covered, 
immediately,  by  a  fihrous  membrane,  of  an  opake 
white  colour,  and  very  tough,  called  Tu'niea  Al- 
hiKjin'ea,  or,  simply,  AlhiKjiii'ea,  Pen'tes'tis,  (F.) 
Perididi/me,  of  which  the  corpu.s  Highmorianum 
is  only  an  enlargement.  Over  this,  again,  is  the 
tunica  vaginalis,  the  second  envelope  of  the 
testis. 

Tksticle,  SwRLLF.n,  Hernia  humoralis. 
TESTICONDUS,  Crypsorchis. 
TESTICULAR, Testiciila'nn,  (F  )  Testlciilaire. 
Belonging  or  relating  to  the  testicle. 
TESTICULE,  Testicle. 

TESTICULUS,  Testicle  — t.  Accessorius,  Epi- 
didymis—  t.  Caninus,  Orchis  mascnla. 

TESTIMO'xMUxM  MATURITA'TIS.  'Evi- 
dence of  fitness.'  A  certificate  of  complete  edu- 
cation, required,  in  the  Prussiiin  universities,  of 
a  candidate,  before  he  can  be  admitted  to  exami- 
nation for  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine. 

TESTIS  FEMINEUS,  Ovary  —  t.  Irritable, 
Orchidalgia  — t.  Minor,  Prostate  —  t.  Muliebris, 
Ovary — t.  Virilis,  Testicle. 

TBSTUDINATIO  CRANII,  Camarosis. 
TESTU'DO,   ClieJo'ui,  (F.)    Toitne.     A  genus 
of  reptiles,  including  the  turtle,  the  flesh  of  which 
is  much  esteemed  as  an  article  of  diet. 

Also,  an  encysted  tumour,  which  has  been  sup- 
posed to  resemble  the  shell  of  a  turtle;  Eiiq^hy'- 
iiia  oiri/s'ti'g  (jfnirj'lldn.     See  Talpa. 

Tkstudo  Cerbbri,  Fornix  —  t.  Scapulae,  see 
Scapula. 

TET,  Nipple. 

TET'ANIC,  Tetnn'icvm,  Spni'ticiim,  Cimvnlai'- 
rinii,  C'oiiv  Ill's  iff,  (F.)  Tetiiiiiqiic,  from  rtivw,  '  I 
Stretch.'  A  remedy,  which  acts  on  the  nerves, 
and,  through  them,  on  the  muscles,  occasioning, 
in  large  doses,  convulsions.  The  chief  agents  of 
this  class  are  Niix  Vmiiicu,  Strychnia,  Brucia, 
Arnica,  and  Ti>.fici>dendron. 

Also,  an  epithet  for  a  tonic  convulsion. 
TETANIXE,  Strychnia. 
TETANOMATA,  Tetanothra. 
TETANO'THRA,    Teianom'nta,    Enigato'ria, 
from    TiTavus,    'free   from    wrinkles.'     Medicines 
which  remove  wrinkles.  —  Gorrajus. 
TETANOS,  Tetanus. 

TET'ANUS,  from  tmw,  'I  stretch.'  Spasm 
with  rir/iditii,  Cuiiviil'sio  In'dira,  Holoton'ia,  Ho- 
lotoii' iciia,  Holntet'anuH,  Tet'aiins  iiiiiversa'lis,  Ri- 
gor iiervo'Han  seu  uervu'rum,  E.iteii'iiio  seu  Dis- 
feii'sio,  Entn'siri  tetanus,  Cat'ochiis  cervi'nus  seu 
holoton'iciis,  (F.)  TetaiioK,  Mai  de  cerf.  A  dis- 
ease which  consists  in  a  permanent  contraction 
of  all  the  muscles  or  merely  of  some,  without 
alternations  of  relaxati<in.  It  is  characterized  by 
closure  of  the  jaws;  difficulty  or  impracticability 
of  deglutition;  rigidity  and  iuimobility  of  the 
limbs  and  trunk,  which  is  sometimes  curved  for- 
wards (Empriisthot'otios),  sometimes  backwards 
[Opixthit'iiiioH).  and  sometimes  to  one  siile  (Pleu- 
rothot'iiiKii).  When  tetanus  is  confined  to  the 
muscles  of  the  jaws,  it  is  called  Trixmus.  It  is 
a  most  formidable  affection.  The  means  of  treat- 
ment are.  —  copious  and  repeated  blood-letting; 


bathing,  cold  and  w.iriu  ;  powerful  doses  of  opium, 
and  other  narcotics.  In  Traumat'ic  Ti'laitiis,  or 
that  which  supervenes  on  a  wound,  every  extra- 
neous matter  must,  of  course,  be  removed  from 
the  wound,  and  soothing  apjilications  be  uiailo 
to  it. 

Tetanus  Anticus,  Emprosthotonos  —  t.  Dolo- 
rificus.  Cramp  —  t.  Dorsalis,  Opisthotonos  —  t. 
Lateralis,  Pleurothotonos  —  t.  Maxillic  inl'erioris, 
Trismus  —  t.  Posterganeus.  Opisthotonos  —  t. 
Posticus,  Opisthotonos  —  t.  Universalis,  see  Te- 
tanus. 

TETART^JIS.  Quartan. 

TETARTOPIII'A,  from  Tiraprog,  'the  fourth.' 
and  tjivui,  'I  arise.'  Quarta'inis  remit' ii-us.  A 
quartan,  in  which  the  intermission  is  inordinately 
short  or  imperfect. 

TUTE,  Caput,  Head  —  t.  de  Vcau,  Eleplinnti- 
asis  of  the  Greeks. 

TETRADRACH'MON,  from  rtrpns,  'four,' and 
?ipaXti>t,  'a  drachm.'  A  weight  of  four  drachms 
or  lialf  an  ounce. 

TETRAGONUS,  Platysma  myoides. 
TET  R  A  HIT    LONGIFLORUM,    Galcopsis 
grandiflora. 

TETRAMY'RON,  from  Ttr/xif,  '  four,' and  ^«- 
pov,  'an  ointment.'  An  ointment  of  four  ingre- 
dients..—  Galen. 

TETRANGURTA,  Cucurbita  citrullus. 
TETRANTHERA     PICHURIM,     Pichurim 
beans. 

TETRA'O  COTUR'NIX,  Cotumi.r,  the  Qnnd, 
(F.)  Caille;  Class,  Aves  ;  Ord.  Gallinaccix;.  The 
quail  is  an  esteemed  article  of  diet.  The  Greek 
name  is  oprvl,  oprvyos ;  and  the  places,  called 
Orty(jia,  are  named  after  it.  The  excrements  of 
the  (|uail  were  formerly  extolled  in  epilepsy,  and 
the  fat  in  specks  of  the  eve. 

TETRAPHAR'MACUM,  from  rtrpaj,  'four,' 
and  (jiiipfiaKov,  'a  medicine.'  A  medicine  consist- 
ing of  four  ingredients. 

TETRAS'CELUS,  from  rerpa,  'four,'  and  tkc- 
Aoj,  'leg.'     A  monster  having  four  legs. — (.iiult. 

TETROB'OLON.     The   weight  of  four  oboli, 
or  two  scruples.  —  Gorrajus. 
TETROROS,  Astragalus. 

TETTER,  Herpes— t.  Crusted,  Impetigo  — t. 
Honeycomb,  Porrigo  favosa  —  t.  Humid.  Eczema 
impetigo  — t.  Milky,  Porrigo  larvalis  —  t.  I'ustu- 
lar.  Impetigo  —  t.  Running,  Impetigo  —  t.  Scaly, 
Psoriasis. 

TETTERWORT,  Chelidonium  majus. 
TEUCRIUM    yEGYPTIACUM,   T.  capitafum 
—  t.  Belium,  T.  capitatura. 

Teucrium  Capita'tum,  T.  Bel'iitm  seu  yEr/yp- 
ti'acnin,  Po'linm  Capita'tum,  Poley  jllniiiilaiii  af 
ilantpel'lier,  Ord.  Labiatas,  is,  generally,  substi- 
tuted for  T.  chaniajdrys.  The  common  I'uley 
Moinitain  is  the  Teiiciiiim  monta'iiuiii ;  and  the 
Golden  Poley  Mountain,  the  Teucrium  Po'lium, 
Po'lian. 

Teu'CRIUM  CnAMJS'DRYS,  T.  officina'le,  Clia- 
incedrys,  C.  minor  repens  seu  vnlr/a'ris,  Qner'cula 
minor  seu  Calamandri'na,  Trissa'go,  Chanim'- 
drops,  I'rijca'go,  Common,  Creeping  or  Small  Oer- 
viander,  English  Treacle,  (F.)  i'elit  cheiie,  Chc- 
nette,  Gennandree.  officinale.  This  is  possessed 
of  aromatic  and  bitter  properties.  The  dose  of 
the  dried  powder  is  from  ^ss  to  ^j- 

Teucrium  CiiAMyt;i''iTvs,  Chamapitys,  Arthr-t'- 
ica,  Arthretica,  Ajit'ga,  A,  seu  Jiii'giila  Chamai'- 
pitys,  Abiga,  ClianiiEinn'riis,  Iva  <irihrit'ica,  //«- 
loc'yrnn,  lo'nitt,  Sideri'tis,  Common  Gronndpine, 
(F.)  Petite  Ivetle.  Properties  like  the  last.  The 
tops  and  leaves  have  been  recommended  as  ape- 
rients and  tonics  :  especially  in  female  obstruc- 
tions, and  in  paralytic  disorders. 

Teucrium    Cret'icum,    T.   hyssopi/o'linm   seu 
fj  liosmuriuifo'liuni,  Ilosmari'nua  atoe'chudis  facie, 


TEXTUM   INTERLOBULARE       007 


TIIEBESIUS,    VEINS   OF 


Poley-wouutnm  of  Cnnd;/,  Po'lhtm  Cret'icum. 
The  tops  and  whole  herb  enter  into  the  old  com- 
pounds, Mithiiddte  and  Theiinv<t.  It  has  a  mo- 
derately aromatic  smell ;  and  a  nauseous,  bitter 
taste,  and  is  placed  among  the  aperients  and  cor- 
roborants. 

Ti-n'cuniM  Flavum  has  similar  properties  to 
T.  chamueilrys. 

Tmu'iiiiiM  IIyssopifoi,ium,  T.  Cretieurn. 
Tkucuium  Iva,  C'/iaiiia'pili/K  mnsclin'td,  Ivri,  I. 
moachn'tii  j)f<iuiipelleii'niiiii>,  Chiiw<fpityii  aiithy!.'- 
lu>,  French  Gronndphie,  (F.)  Icette  nntuqiiee.  It 
has  similar  virtues  to  T.  Chamaepitys,  but  is 
weaker. 

Tkucrhtm  Maritimum,  T.  Marum. 

TKUcniUM  Mariim,  T.  m<irit'im\im,  Mnruni  Sy- 
ri'aciim  seu  Cret'icum  seu  venim  seu  Cortu'si,  Ma- 
jiird'iia  Syy'idca,  Cliiim<p,'ilyyK  inca'nci  marit' ima 
seu  iiianiiii,  Or!ij'<niiun  Si/ridciiiii,  j)I<iriim  ger- 
viniidcr,  Syrian  herb  mantlih,  Cat  thyme,  (F.) 
Jifarum  ou  Germandree  maritime,  Herhe  aiix  chats. 
A  very  aromatic  plant,  of  a  camphorated  smell; 
fiirmerly  much  used  in  medicine  as  a  tonic,  anti- 
spasmodic, einmenagorruc,  Ac. 

Teuciuum  Officinal!;,  T.  chamscdrys  —  t.  Pa- 
lustre,  T.  scordiuin  —  t.  Pyramidale,  Ajuga — t. 
Kosmarinifolium,  T.  Crcticum. 

TKrORIUM  Scou'dhim,  7'.  pahoi'tre,  Seordium, 
Trlnsa'yo  pahin'trln,  CliamcBdryu  pahistris  seu 
senr'dinm,  Al'llum  red'aleim.  Water  Germander, 
(F.)  GermandrSc  ncoradotie,  Sauge  dea  bois,  Ger- 
mandrie  aqnatique.  The  leaves  have  a  garlicky 
smell,  and  bitterish,  slightly  pungent  taste.  It 
has  the  tonic  properties  of  the  other  Tcucria. 

TEXTUM  INTERLOBULARE,  Interlobular 
tissue. 

TEXTURA,  Texture— t.  Organica,  Ilistos. 

TEX'TURAL.  Same  etymon  as  Texture. 
Relating  or  appertaining  to  a  texture. 

TEXTURE,  Te.rtn'ra,  Textus,  from  texere,  tex- 
tiim,  'to  weave.'  7\'la,  Hypha,  Hyphe.  The  par- 
ticular arrangement  of  the  tissues  that  constitute 
an  organ. 

TEXTUS,  Texture,  Tissue— t.  Cellulosus,  Cel- 
lular tissue  —  t.  Desmosus,  Desmoid  tissue  —  t. 
Erectilis,  Erectile  texture — t.  Nervorum,  Plexus 
nervorum  —  t.  Organicus,  Cellular  tissue — t.  Pa- 
pillaris, Corpus  papillare — t.  Parcnchymalis,  Cel- 
lular tissue. 

THiERIA,  Radzyge. 

THAL'AMUS,  ^aUiio^,  (F.)  Conehe.  'A  room 
or  chamber;  a  bed.'  The  place  at  which  a  nerve 
originates,  or  has  been  considered  to  originate. 

Thal'ami  Nf.rvo'ru.m  Optk'o'im;m  seu  Op'- 
TICI,  Emiiieu'ticB  magna!  eer'ebri.  Ganglia  cerebri 
poati'ca,  Crura  mednl'IcB  oblonija'la;  (of  some). 
Stria' ta  cor'pora  super' na  pofifcrin'ra,  Cof/ic'iili 
iiervo'rnm  opticii'rnm.  Optic  thal'ami.  Posterior 
cer'ebral  gan'glion,  (F.)  Coiichei  des  ner/s  ocu- 
Inirea  (Ch.),  C.  des  verfs  optiqiies,  C.  optiques. 
Two  rounded  and  irregular  surfaces,  which  are 
seen  exposed  in  the  lateral  ventricles  of  the  brain, 
and  in  the  third  ventricle,  the  inferior  surface  of 
which  presents  two  projections,  called  Corpora 
genieuta'ta,  that  furnish  several  filaments  to  the 
optic  nerves.  The  name  was  given  from  a  belief 
that  the  optic  nerves  originate  from  them.  They. 
however,  arise  more  posteriorly,  and  adhere  merely 
to  the  inner  margin  of  those  bodies.  Gall  consi- 
ders, that  the  thalami  net  as  ganglions  to  the 
nerves:  and,  hence,  he  calls  them  Grand  ganglion 
cfrfbral  inferieur.  They  are.  also,  called  Poste- 
rior qangliou  of  the  ccrebrnm.  From  the  thalami 
and  corpora  striata  fibres  proceed  upwards  to  con- 
stitute the  convolutions  of  the  brain,  and  the 
various  bands  that  connect  the  different  parts  of 
the  brain  together.  The  upi-er  and  inner  parts 
of  the  thalami  are  so  closely  connectod  as  to  form 
one  continued  surface,  called  Cvmmiasu'ra  mollis. 


The  posterior  parts  turn  downwards  and  out- 
wards ;  after  which  they  are  elongated  to  form 
the  two  white  cords,  termed  Tractus  op'tiei. 

Thalami'S  Rkoalis,  Pericardium. 

THALIC'TRON,  AiA<,(r/7ov,  Thalictmm,  T. 
magnum  seu  flavum  seu  Jlares'cens  seu  praten'se 
seu  ni'gricans  seu  rugo'suin  seu  raginn'ttim,  Rha- 
bar'barnm  jiau'perntn,  Meadon--rue,  Poor  Man's 
llhubnrb,  (F.)  Pigamon  jaunutre.  Hue  des  pres, 
Fausse-Rliabarbe,  Rhabarbe  des  paurres.  Ord, 
Raiiuneulacese.  Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria  Polygynia. 
The  root  resembles  rhubarb  in  its  properties. 

THALIC'TRUxM  AXEMOXOI'DES,  3feadow 
Rue,  Rue-leaved  Anem'ony  ;  an  indigenous  plant, 
flowering  in  April  and  May. 

THAMARINDUS,  Tamarindus. 

TIIAME.  Pollex. 

TIIANASIMUS,  Mortal. 

TIIANATODES,  Mortal. 

TIIAN'ATOID,  ThanatoVdes;  from  eavaro^, 
'death,'  and  £1^05,  'resemblance.'  Resembling 
death.     Apparently  dead. 

TIIANATOL'OGY,  Thanatolog"ia,  Thnescn- 
log''ia,  from  Qavaroi,  'death,'  and  Xoyoj,  'a  dis- 
course.'    A  description,  or  the  doctrine,  of  death. 

TIIANATOS,  Death. 

TIIAP'SIA,  from  the  island  Thnpsus.  The 
deadly  carrot,  thapsia  oscle'pias.  Family,  Vm- 
belliferae.  iSex.  Syst.  Pcntaiidria  Digynia.  The 
root  operates  violently,  both  upwards  and  down- 
wards.    It  is  not  used. 

THAPSUS  BARBATUS,  Verbascum  nigrum, 

THARSI,  see  Tarsus. 

THASPIUM  ACTiEIFOLIUM,  Ligustieum 
actaeifolium. 

Thasi'itm  Atropurpu'reum,  Th.  corda'tvm. 
Round  heart.  Ocrfcr,  Umbelliferae.  The  flowers, 
which  appear  in  June,  are  of  a  dark  purple. 

Thas'pium  Bakbh^o'de,  Ifeadow  Parsnip.  An 
indigenous  plant,  of  the  Northern  and  Western 
States,  which  flowers  in  June.     Flowers,  yellow. 

Both  plants  have  been  esteemed  vulnerary, 
antisyphilitic,  and  diaphoretic;  and  as  antidotes 
to  the  bite  of  a  rattlesnake. 

Thaspium  CoRDATUif,  Til.  atropurpurcuui. 

THE,  Thigh. 

THE,  Thea —  t.  des  Apalaehes,  Ilex  vomitoria 
— t.  du  Canada,  Gaulfheria — t.  Compose,  Species 
— t.  d' Europe,  Salvia  veronica — t.  de  France,  Sal- 
via— t.  de  Jersey,  Celastrus — t.  de  la  Mer  du  Snd, 
Ilex  vom\loT\a.—i.  du  Jfexique,  Chenopodium  am- 
brosioides  —  t.  de  Simon  Pauli,  Myrica  gale —  t. 
Suisse,  Falltranck. 

THEA,  Chaa,  Tea,  (F.)  The.  There  are  two 
principal  species  of  tea-plant;  the  Thea  Bohe'a, 
and  Thea  rir'idis ;  the  black  tea,  and  the  green. 
Ord.  Camelliea;.  Sex.  Syst.  Polyandria  Mono- 
gynia.  In  commerce,  many  kinds  of  tea  are  met 
with.  Several  of  the  diflFerences  between  these 
appear  to  result  from  the  age  at  which  the  leaves 
have  been  collected,  and  the  mode  of  their  desic- 
cation. 

Tea-drinking  was  introduced  into  Europe  about 
the  year  1666;  since  which  time  its  use  has  become 
almost  universal ;  and,  in  spite  of  the  assertions  of 
medical  terrorists,  it  is,  except  in  particular  idio- 
syncraeies,  entirely  harmless. 

By  an  analogical  transference,  very  common 
in  language,  the  word  Ten  has  been  used  almost 
synonymously  with  infusion,  as  Beef  tea,  Mint 
tea,  itc. 

TiiKA  Gkrmanica,  Veronica. 

THEBE'SIUS,  VEINS  OF.  A  name  given  to 
supposititious  branches  of  the  coronary  veins, 
which  Christopher  Adam  Thebesius,  a  (Jerman 
anatomist,  described  as  opening  into  the  heart 
by  small  depressions  observable  in  the  right 
;  auricle;  and  which  have  been  calkd /'(/joHi'iiia 


TIIECA 


908 


TIIERIACA 


Thcle'sH.  No  such  veins  can  be  Joinonstratod. 
The  valve,  at  the  orifice  of  the  coronary  vein, 
in  the  right  ventricle,  is  called  Valvtda  Thehe'sii, 
V.  Giiiffdrtia'iia,    V.  veitcB  iiukjiicb, 

THliCA,  Case,  Vagina,  Sheath  — t.  Cerebri, 
Cranium  —  t.  Cordis,  Pericardium  —  t.  Folliculi, 
see  Funiculi  Graafian! — t.  Vertebralis,  see  Verte- 
brnl  canal. 

TIIECI'TIS,  from  tJiecn,  and  itis,  denoting  in- 
flammation. A  term,  of  hybrid  formation,  signify- 
ing inflammation  of  the  sheaths  of  tendons. 

TIIKIN.  see  Cofifea  Arabica. 

THEION,  Sulphur. 

THEIOPEG^,  Waters,  mineral  (sulphureous.) 

THEIOTHERMiE,  Waters,  mineral,  sulphu- 
reous. 

THELASIS,  Lactation. 

THELASMUS,  Lactation. 

TIIELASTRIA,  Nurse. 

THELE,  Nipple. 

THELI'TIS,  (F.)  Thelite;  from  OnM,  'the 
female  nipple,'  'the  female  breast,'  and  itis,  de- 
noting inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the  nipple. 

TIIELON'CUS,  Mastoncus. 

THELORRnAG"IA,  from  Sn^n,  'nipple,'  and 
payrj,  '  a  rupture.'     Hemorrhage  from  the  nipple. 

TIIELOS,  Mamma. 

TIIELYGON'IA,  from  ^n^og.  'pertaining  to 
the  female  se.x,'  and  yovn,  'generation.'  The  part 
taken  by  the  female  in  the  act  of  generation. 
Also,  nymphomania. 

THELYGONUM,  Sperm  (of  the  female.) 

THELYPTERIS,  Pteris  aquilina. 

THENAD,  Thenal. 

THENAL,  Thenar ;  same  etymon  as  tlienai: 
Relating  or  appertaining  to  the  thenar. 

TiiENAL  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the  side 
on  which  the  thenar  is  situated. — Barclay.  The- 
vdd  is  used,  adverbially,  by  the  same  writer,  to 
signify  '  towards  the  thcnal  aspect.' 

THENAR,  Scvap,  from  &evio,  '  I  strike,' '  I  push.' 
The  palm  of  the  hand,  or  sole  of  the  foot. 

Thenar,  Flexor  brevis  pollicis  manus,  Palm. 

The.vau  or  Thenal  Eji'inence  is  the  projec- 
tion at  the  anterior  and  outer  part  of  the  hand, 
formed  by  the  abductor  brevis,  opponens,  and 
flexor  brevis  pollicis. 

Thenar  or  Thenal,  Mdscle.  Riolan  and 
Winslow  give  this  name  to  the  fleshy  mass, 
formed  of  the  abductor  brevis,  opponens  pollicis, 
and  the  interior  part  of  the  flexor  brevis  pollicis. 
In  the  foot,  Winslow  gives  the  name  Thenal  mus- 
cle to  the  abductor  and  flexor  brevis  pollicis  pedis. 

THEOBROMA  CACAO,  Cacao. 

THEOMANIA,  Demonomania. 

THEOPLEGIA,  Apoplexy. 

THEOPLEXIA,  A.poplexy. 

TUEORET'ICAL,  Theoret'icus,  Theo'ricus, 
from  5£u)/<£w,  'I  contemplate.'  (F.)  Theoretique, 
7'heoriqiie.  That  which  is  confined  to  theory,  or 
is  connected  with  it.  An  epithet  also  applied  to 
a  sect  of  physicians,  who  founded  their  doctrine 
chicfiv  on  reasoning. 

THEORIA,  Theory. 
THEOIllQUE,  Theoretical. 

THE'ORY,  Theo'ria.  (F.)  Theorie.  Same 
etymon.  The  speculative  part  of  a  science.  The 
connexion  established  in  the  mind  between  a 
general  fact,  or  the  least  possible  number  of  gene- 
ral facts,  and  all  the  particular  facts  dependent 
thereon  :  for  example,  the  motions  of  the  heavenly 
bodies,  and  the  most  important  natural  pheno- 
mena are  connected  with  a  single  fact,  previously 
known  by  observation;  viz.  that  the  force  of  gra- 
A'ity  acts  inversely  according  to  the  square  of  the 
distance.  This  constitutes  the  theory  of  univer- 
sal gravitation.  Thearji  must  not  be  confounded 
with  syxfem.  Theory  regards  nature  as  it  is,  and 
is  a  rigid  deduction  from  facts.      SjiUm  is  too 


often  the  creature  of  the  imagination,  to  which 
nature  is  made  to  bend. 

Theohy  of  Med'icine,  In'etitiiteH  of  Jh-dicine, 
Theoret' ical  Jledicine,  is  that  part  of  the  science 
which  attempts  philosophically  to  account  for 
the  various  phenomena  that  present  themselves 
during  health  as  well  as  in  disease.  It  is  the 
philosophy  of  Medicine.  The  Juftitiitca  of  Medi- 
cine are  generally  considered  to  comj)risc  Phy- 
siology and  its  applications  to  Pathology,  lly. 
giene,  and  Therapeutics.  By  some  they  are  con- 
sidered  to  include  General  Pathology  and  Gcrii- 
ral  Therapeutics. 

THEIOTHERMiE,  AVaters,  mineral,  sulphu- 
reous. 

THERAPEIA,  Curation,  Therapeutics. 
THE  RAPE  USIS,  Therapeutics. 
THERAPEUTA,  Therapeutist. 
THERAPEUTICE,  Therapeutics. 
THERAPEU'TICS,  Thempeu'tive,  Therapeu'- 
sia,      Theiopeu'sis,     Jiitrutech'  nice,      Therajtei'a, 
Tlierupi'  a,     Curato'  ria     Ueth'  udits,     Ulethudtia 
Meden'di,    Practice    of    Phynic,    (F.)    Thirapeu- 
tique,    Thiiapie,  from  ^cpa-ntvui,  'I  wait  upon,  I 
alleviate,  I  attend  upon  the  sick.'     That  part  of 
medicine,  the  object  of  which  is  the  treatment  of 
disease.      With    others,    the    department   which 
comprises  an  explanation  of  the  modus  operandi 
of  medicines. 

TIIERAPEUTIQ UE,  Therapeutics. 
THERAPEU'TIST,  Therapeu'ta.     Same  ety- 
mon.    One  who  practices  therapeutics.     A  prac- 
titioner of  medicine.     To  be  a  good  therapeutist, 
a  man  must  be  well  versed  in  every  department , 
of  medicine,  and  be  capable  of  observing  and  rea- 
soning well.     Ho   may  be  a  good    observer,  and 
yet  a  bad  reasuner.     He  cannot  practice  well  un- 
less he  is  both.     Hence,  the  comparatively  small 
number  of  good  therapeutists. 
THERAPIA,  Therapeutics. 
THEUAPIE,  Therapeutics. 
THERIA,  Radzyge. 
,  THERIAC,  Theriaca  —  t.  of  Antipater,  Anti- 
patri  theriaca. 

THE'RIACA,  ^ripLUKn,  The'riac,  from  Srip,  'a 
ferocious  or  venomous  animal.'  Treacle,  Melua- 
ses,  (F.)  Theriaque.  Also,  a  medicine,  believed 
to  be  capable  of  curing  or  preventing  the  efl'ects 
of  the  bite  of  a  venomous  animal.  In  this  sense 
it  is  chiefly  used  by  writers.  Theriac  and  The- 
riacal  have  been  used  adjectively  for  medicinal. 

Theriaca  Anduom'achi,  Venice  Treacle,  is  an 
ancient  alexijjhannic  electuary;  consisting  of  a 
farrago  of  61  difierent  ingredients,  which  pos- 
sessed the  most  opposite  properties.  It  was  in- 
vented by  Andromachus  of  Crete,  and  prepared 
by  order  of  Nero.  It  has  received  vari(ms  modi- 
fications; and,  to  the  discredit  of  the  Faculie  de 
Medecine  of  Paris,  long  held  its  place  in  their 
Codex,  with  even  an  additional  number  of  ingre- 
dients. The  Electuu' rium  Opia'tuta  2ioli/phar'- 
macum  of  the  Codex  has  contained  acid  ingre- 
dients, 5;  astringent,  5;  bitter,  22;  indioenuim 
aromatics,  10  ;  iimbelli/erona  aromatica,  7;  balaama 
and  resinous  substances,  8;  fetid  ingredients,  6; 
narcotics,  1 ;  earthy  substances,  1  ;  guuimy  or  amy- 
laceous, 4;  saccharine,  .3;  total,  72!  and  one  of 
these  the  flesh  of  the  viper  !  A  little  more  than 
a  grain  of  opium  is  contained  in  each  drachm  of 
the  compound. 

Theriaca  Articulouum,  Colchicum — t.  Celes- 
tis,  Tinctura  opii — t.  Communis,  Alelasses  —  t. 
Edinensis,  Confeetio  opii. 

Theriaca  Germano'rum.  An  extract  or  rob, 
prepared  from  juniper  berries.  Used  as  a  sto- 
machic. 

Theriaca  Londinrn'sis,  Cataplnsma  Cymi'ni. 
A  gataplasm  of  cumin  seed,  buy  berries,  german- 


TII^RIAQUE 


909 


THORACIC 


der,  Knnhcroot,  cloves,  honey,  and  sometimes  opium,  ; 
or  ii/rii/)  of  })i,]t/,le>i. 
TiiKHiACA  KiisTicoRL'M,  Allium. 

Tf[KnfA(Jf/E,  Theriiiea. 

TllI'/RIAKI.  In  Turkyy,o/)M(ni-e((/e)-«,  or  tliey 
who  indulge  largely  in  the  use  of  opium,  are  so 
called. 

TIlERIATUrCA.  Veterinary  art. 

TUKKIODES,  Ferine. 

TIIIORIO'MA,  Thcriiin,  from  S)7p,  'avenoraous 
animal.'  Any  extremely  malignant  ulcer.  Some- 
times confined  to  ulcers  of  the  lungs. 

TlIHiaON.  Therioma. 

TIIHUIOTOMY,  Zootomy. 

TIIKH.MA,  lloat— t.  Kmphytum,  Animal  heat. 

TIIKRM^E,  Stp/^ai,  Ther'nidtn.  Warm  baths 
or  springs.     8ee  VVaters  (mineral.) 

TuKii.M^  Fabaiu/k,  Pf'efFers,  Mineral  Waters 
of —  t.  Piperinas,  Pfeffers,  Mineral  Waters  of — t. 
Plumbariiu,  Plombieres,  Mineral  Waters  of. 

THERMAL,  Thermu'lis  ;  from  5f,./"7,  'heat,' 
Stfiiioi,  'hot.'  Relating  or  appertain  m  to  heat, 
llot,  warm.     As  'a  thermal  mineral  water.' 

THERM ANTICA,  Calefacients. 

THERM  ASM  A.  Fomentation. 

TIIERMATA,  Thermae. 

THERMOMETER,  see  Heat. 

THERM  UM  EMPHYTUM,  Animal  heat,  Bio- 
lychninm. 

THESIS,  Ocai(,  from  ridrini,  'to  put.'  'A  posi- 
tion or  proposition.'  Difpnla'tio  iiiangura'lia,  Iii- 
atiij'nnd  Dimierta'tion.  The  name  usually  given 
to  the  essay  composed  by  a  candidate  for  gradua- 
tion in  medicine,  which  ho  is  at  times  required  to 
defend  publicly.  Often,  however,  it  is  a  mere  form, 
giving  useless  labour  and  trouble  to  the  student, 
inasmuch  as  it  is  o.xeeuted  as  a  task,  and  never 
afterwards  regarded  by  the  preceptor  or  by  others. 
Sandifort,  Haller,  Smellie,  and  Stoll,  have  pub- 
lished collections  of  these. 

Also,  a  suffi.x  denoting  'arrangement;'  hence 
DiatliKnii. 

THEVE'TIA  A'lIOUAr,  AJiomti.  The  kernels 
of  the  nut  of  this  Brazilian  tree  are  said  to  be  a 
violent  poison.  At  the  Antilles,  its  nuts  are 
called  Xm'xde  Serpent;  and  they  arc  used  against 
the  bites  of  serpents. 

THEVV.  Tendon. 

THEY,  Thigh. 

THICK-LI.STED,  Pursy. 

THIUH,  Sax.  Seoh,  Femur,  Femen,  Cms,  3fe- 
rns,  Me'riiim,  (Sc.)  The,  They,  (F.)  Ciiisae.  (Of 
old,  Femur  meant  the  thigh  generally,  and  espe- 
cially the  outer  part;  — Femen,  the  inner).  The 
part  of  the  lower  limb  vfhieh  extends  from  the 
pelvis  to  the  leg.  The  thigh  is  larger  at  its  supe- 
rior than  inferior  part,  and  has  tlie  form  of  an 
inverted  and  truncated  cone,  slightly  depressed 
from  within  outwards.  Above,  it  is  bounded,  an- 
teriorly, by  the  groin  ;  externally,  by  the  hip ; 
behind,  by  the  fold  of  the  nates  ;  and  within,  by 
the  perineal  region.  Below,  it  is  bounded,  ante- 
riorly, by  the  prominence  of  the  knee  ;  posteriorly, 
by  the  ham.  It  is  formed  of  a  considerable  num- 
ber of  muscles,  blood-vessels,  lymphatics,  nerves, 
Ac.  ;  and  is  covered  by  a  strong  aponeurosis. 

THIOHliONE,  Femur— t.  Neck  of  the,  Collum 
femoris. 

TimiRLE  WEED,  Rudbeckia  laciniata. 

THTOX.  Sulphur. 

THIRST,  Sax.  ttypp':'  l^-)  Dorst,  Sltlx, 
Dipsa,  I'otio'nin  deside' rium,  (F.)  Soif.  A  simple 
desire  or  an  absolute  want  for  liquids.  Physio- 
logists are  not  entirely  agreed  regarding  the  seat 
of  thirst:  someplace  it  in  the  fauces  ;  others  in 
the  stomach.  Its  immediate  cause  is  not  known. 
It  has  been  attributed  to  a  dry  condition  of  the 
nervous  papiUiu  of  the  jiharynx.  produced  by 
suppression  of   the  salivary  and    mucous  secre- 


tions. This  is  probably  true;  but,  again,  it  is 
owing  to  the  wants  of  the  system, —  a  supply  of 
fluid  being  required  to  compensate  the  numerous 
losses  that  are  constantly  taking  place.  Thirst 
is  an  internal  neiisation,  —  an  initinctive  leant  — 
arising  from  organization,  and  inexplicable.  It 
is  an  urgent  symptom  in  many  diseases,  particu- 
larly in  those  of  vascular  excitement. 

Thirst,  Excessive,  Polydipsia — ^  t.  Morbid, 
Dipsosis. 

THIRSTY,  Dipsodes. 

THISTLE,  BLESSED^  Centaurea  benedicta 
—  t.  Cotton,  Onopordium  acanthiuni — t.  Globe, 
Echinops — t.  Holy,  Centaurea  benedicta  —  t.  La- 
dies', Carduus  Marianas — t.  Milk,  common,  Car- 
duus  Marianus  —  t.  Pine,  Atractylus  gummifera 
— t.  Sow,  Sonchus  oleraceus  —  t.  Star,  Centaurea 
calcitrapa — t.  Y'ellow,  Argemone  Mexicaua. 

THLADIAS,  Eunuch. 

THLASIAS,  Eunuch. 

TH  LA  SIS,  Contusion — t.Depressio,  Depression. 

THLASMA,  Contusion — t.  Concussio,  Concus- 
sion —  t.  Stremma,  Sprain. 

THLASPI,  /'enntjcre.fs.  Ord.  Crucifera.  Ser. 
Syst.  Tetradynamia  Siliculosa.  Two  species  of 
thlaspi  are  directed,  in  some  pharmacopoeias, 
for  medical  use: — Thlaspi  arven'se  or  Treac/e 
mustard,  and  Thlaspi  campes'tre  sen  hirsu'tuni 
seu  vulgn'tins,  Lepid'iuni  campes'tre,  Lep'ia  seu 
lie' rig  campes'tris,  Jfilh'ridnte  mustard.  Tho 
))harmaceutical  properties  of  both  kinds  resemble 
those  of  common  mustard. 

TlILASPI  Bursa,  J'h.  bursa'tum,  Thlaspi  seu 
C<tjisell'a  seu  Ibe'ris  seu  Nastur'tium  seu  liod- 
schicd'ia  bursa  pnsto'ris,  liursa  pasto'ris,  Shep- 
herd's purse,  Cocowort,  St.  James's  icort.  Poor 
man's  I'armacity,  (F.)  Flcurdc  St.  Jacques,  liourse 
d  berijer  on  d  pasteur,  Tabouret.  A  common  Eu- 
ropean plant,  introduced  into  this  cnunlry.  It 
is  slightly  astringent,  but  is  little  used. 

Tiii,Asri  Bdrsatum,  Tlilasi)i  bursa  —  tli.  Nn- 
sturliuiii,  Lci)idium  sativum — th.  Sativum,  Lepi- 
diittn  sativiuii. 

TIILIBIAS,  Eunuch. 

TJIL1PSENCEPIL\LIA,  Derencephalia. 

THLIl'SENCEPH'ALUS,  from  eXu^ij,  -com- 
pression,' and  cyKc4>a\ni.  'the  cneepl)alon.'  A 
monster  in  whom  the  skull  is  open,  not  merely  in 
the  frontal  and  parietal,  but  also  in  the  occipital 
regions  —  a  distinct  fontanelle  not  existing. 

THLIP'SIS,  5A(4,/{,  Compres'sio.  Compres- 
sion,  and  especially  constriction  of  vessels  \>y  an 
external  cause.     Oppression. 

THNESCOLOGIA,  Thanatology. 

TIIOLUS,  Aehicolum  —  t.  Diocleus,  Scapha. 

THO.MPSO'NIAN.  One  who  practises  or  be- 
lieves in  Thonipsonianism. 

THOMPSONIANISM,  Thomp'sonism.  A  fan- 
ciful doctrine,  of  which  a  person  of  the  name  of 
Thompson,  of  New  York,  is  the  founder.  One 
of  its  leading  principles  is,  that  the  human  body 
is  comiiosed  of  four  elements  [?],  earth,  air,  fire 
and  water:  and  one  of  its  apothegms,  —  that 
metals  and  minerals  are  in  the  earth,  and,  being 
extracted  froTn  the  depths  of  the  earth,  have  a 
tendency  to  carry  all  down  into  the  earth  who 
use  them  ;  that  the  tendency  of  all  vegetables  is 
to  spring  up  from  the  earth,  and  therefore  to  up- 
hold mankind  from  the  grave. 

The  Thompsonians  are  Botanical  Doctors.  See 
Herb  doctor. 

THORACENTESIS,  Thoracocentesis. 

THORACHIQUE,  Thoracic. 

THORACIC,  7'/;f);oc"ici(«,from  thora.x,  thora- 
cis, 'the  chest;'  (F.)  Thoracique  ou  Thorachique. 
That  which  relates  or  belongs  to  the  chest;  as 
Thoracic  vis'cera,  &c. 

Thoracic  Inferior  Artert,  Arte'ria  Tlio- 
rac"ica  Exter'na  Infc'rior  seu  Longa  seu  mam- 


TIIORACICA 


910 


THROMBUS 


mn'ria  e.r^crna  seu  Thoracicn  {ii/erior,  (F.)  Detix- 
ieme  des  Thoraciquen  (Ch.),  arises  from  the  axil- 
larj-,  a  little  below  the  preceding,  and  descends 
vertically  over  the  latter  part  of  the  thorax,  and 
the  serratus  major  anticus.  It  afterwards  bends 
inwards;  becomes  subcutaneous,  and  divides  into 
several  branches,  which  embrace  the  breast.  It 
gives  numerous  ramifications  to  the  pectoralis 
major,  serratus  anticus,  intercostals,  ganglions  of 
the  axilla,  mamma,  &c. 

Thoracic  Superiou  Artery,  Arte'ria  Thora- 
cicn Exter'na  Siipen'nv,  (F.)  Attere  ihoracique  sti- 
jierieure,  Premiere  des  Thoraeiques  (Ch.),  arises 
from  the  axillary  artery  or  from  the  acromial  ; 
and  descends  forwards  between  the  Pectoralis 
major  and  P.  minor,  to  which  it  distributes  itself 
by  a  great  number  of  branches.  In  some  sub- 
jects, there  are  two  or  three  Arterice  thoraciccR 
exteriicB  siiperiores. 

Thoracic  Duct,  Ductus  thorac"ic»s  sen  fhora- 
cicns  poste'rior  seu  vertebra'lis  seu  chy'lifer  seu 
chyli  seu  lac'teus  seu  ro'rifer  seu  Pccqneti  seu 
Pccquetia'iius,  Veva  alba  thora'cis,  Alvetts  ampiil- 
les'cens,  Distributo'ria  lactea  thoracica,  Galnx'ia, 
JJiict  of  Pecquet,  AUinen'tary  Duct,  (F.)  Cnnal  ou 
Conduit  Thoracique,  is  the  duct  in  which  the 
lymphatics  of  the  lower  limbs,  abdomen,  left  su- 
]ierior  extremity,  left  side  of  the  head,  neck,  and 
thorax  terminate.  It  begins  at  the  receptaculunt 
chyli,  which  is  formed  by  the  union  of  five  or  six 
large  lymphatic  trunks, — themselves  formed  from 
the  union  of  all  the  absorbent  plexuses  of  the 
abdomen.  The  duct  ascends  into  the  chest 
through  the  pillars  of  the  diaphragm,  and  by  the 
side  of  the  aorta  and  vena  azygos.  It  contracts 
in  dimension,  as  far  as  the  6th  dorsal  vertebra, 
wlien  it  inclines  towards  the  left  hand;  ascends 
behind  the  arch  of  the  aorta ;  passes  behind  the 
left  internal  jugular  vein,  and  opens  at  the  poste- 
rior part  of  the  subclavian  vein  of  the  same  side. 
Its  embouchure  is  furnished  witii  two  valves, 
which  prevent  the  blood  from  passing  from  the 
vein  into  the  duct. 

Thoracic  Limbs  are  the  upper  limbs  ;  so  called 
because  they  are  articulated  with  the  lateral  and 
upper  parts  of  the  chest. 

Thoracic,  Lo.ng  or  Inferior,  Mammary  infe- 
_rior  external  artery. 

Thoracic  Nerves.  The  short  or  anterior  tho- 
racic nerves  are  two  in  number.  They  arise  from 
the  brachial  plexus,  and  divide  into  an  anterior 
and  a  posterior  branch  :  —  the  former  distributed 
to  the  pectoralis  major  muscle ;  the  latter  uniting 
with  a  branch  of  the  other  to  form  a  loop,  from 
which  numerous  branches  are  given  ofi"  to  the 
pectoralis  major  and  p.  minor. 

The  long  thorac"ic  nerve,  Poste'rior  thorac"ie. 
External  res'piratory  of  Sir  Charles  Bell,  is  a  long 
branch,  which  arises  from  the  fourth  and  fifth  cer- 
vical nerves,  immediately  after  their  escape  from 
the  intervertebral  foramina,  and  passes  downwards 
to  be  distributed  upon  the  serratus  magnus  muscle. 
Thoracic  Regions  are  the  different  regions  of 
the  chest.     Thus  we  say,  anterior,  lateral,  and 
superior  thoracic,  &c. 
THORACICA,  Pectorals. 
THORACICS,    FIRST   OF   THE,    Mammary 
superior  external  artery. 
THORACIQUE,  Thoracic. 
THORACOCENTE'SIS,   Thorucente'sis,    Thp- 
rncot'omy,  from  5u)pn^.  ^wpaKo;,  'the  chest,' and 
Iff iTijffij,  '  puncture.'  Paraceute'sis  thora'cis.   Per- 
foration of  the  chest  to  evacuate  contained  fluid 
■ —  as  in  empyema. 

THORACOCYSTIS.  Thoracystis. 
THORACODID'YMUS,   from    &o)pa^,  ^tapaKOf, 
'the  chest,'  and  Si^vnoi,  'a  twin.'     A  monstrosity 
in  which  twins  are  united  by  the  thorax. — Gurlt. 
THORACODYXE,  Pleurodynia. 


TIIORACO-FACIAL,  Platvsma  myoides. 

TIIOR'ACO-GASTRODID'YMUS,  Did'ymut 
sym'phyo-thoracogas' trine,  Xiphodid'ynius:  friiiii 
Siijpaf,  ^wpoKoj,  'the  chest,'  yucTJip,  'the  belly,' 
and  iiivfioi,  'a  twin.'  A  monstrosity  in  which 
twins  are  united  by  the  chest  and  abdomen.— 
Gurlt. 

THOIiA  CO-MAX  ILL  0-FA  CIA  L,  Pla  tysma 
myoides. 

THORACOMETER,  Stethometer. 

THORACOPATHl'A,  from  .*a,,)u(,  ^wpawf,  -the 
chest,'  and  vaQos,  'disease.'  Disease  or  sufferiii" 
in  the  chest. 

THORACOSCOPIA,  see  Auscultation. 

THORACOSCOPIUM,  Stethoscope. 

THORACOTOMY,  Thoracocentesis. 

THORACYST'IS,  Thoracocyst'is,  from  0up«f, 
OujpaKoi,  'the  chest,'  and  kvotis,  'a  bla<Uler.' 
Encysted  dropsy  of  the  chest.  Hydatids  in  the 
chest. 

THORAX,  6(i)pn^,  'a  cuirass,  a  coat  of  mail.' 
Cith'arus,  Venter  vie'dius.  Pectus,  Stethus,  Scutum 
pec'toris,  Bir,  Chelys,  Cassa,  the  Breast,  the  Chest, 
(F.)  Poitrine.  One  of  the  splanchnic  eavitic", 
Cavum  thora'cis,  bounded,  posteriorly  by  the  ver- 
tebras ;  laterally,  by  the  ribs  and  scapula;  ante- 
riorly, by  the  sternum  :  above,  by  the  clavicle : 
and  below,  by  the  diaphragm.  It  is  destined  to 
lodge  and  protect  the  chief  organs  of  respiration 
and  circulation  —  the  lungs  and  the  heart. 

Thorax,  Corset. 

THORE,  Sperm. 

THORN  APPLE,  Datura  stramonium— t.  Red, 
Datura  Sanguinea. 

THOROUGHSTEM,  Eupatorium  perfoliatum. 

THOROUGHWAX,  Eupatorium  perfoliatum. 

THOROUGHWORT,  Eupatorium  perfolinluin. 

THOROW-WAX,  Bupleurum  rotundifolium. 

THORULUS  STRAMINEUS,  Fanon. 

THRiENINE,  see  Tears. 

THREADWORM,  Dracunculus— t.  Long,  Tri- 
chocephalus. 

THREPSIS,  Assimilation,  Nutrition. 

THREPSOL'OGY,  Threpsolofj"ia,{rom  V^'f. 
'nutrition,'  and  >ioyoi,  'a  description.'  The  doe- 
trine  of,  or  a  treatise  on,  the  nutrition  of  organ- 
ized bodies. 

THREPTICE,  Assimilation. 

THRIDACE,  Lactucarium, 

THRIDAX,  Lettuce. 

THRIFT,  LAVENDER,  Statice  limonium— t, 
American,  Statice  Caroliniana  —  t.  Sea-side,  Sta- 
tice Caroliniana. 

THRIX,  Capillus,  Hair. 

THROAT,  »pote,  «rora,  Juguhim,  Interstil"- 
iuni  Jugula're,  Guttur,  Sjthage,  (Prov.)  Chokes, 
Droat,  House,  Hose,  (Sc.)  Halse,  Hawse,  Witter. 
The  anterior  part  of  the  neck.  [F.)  Gorge.  Also, 
the  pharynx. 

THROATROOT.  Geum  Virginianum,  Liatris. 

THROATWORT,  Campanula  trachelium. 

THROBBING,  Puhati'vns,  Sphyg'micus, 
Sphygmo'des,  Pul'satory,  (F.)  Pnhatif.  A  throb- 
bing pain,  (Prov.)  Slang.  (F.)  Dordeur  pulsative, 
is  a  kind  of  pain  which  is,  or  seems  to  be  caused 
or  augmented  by  the  pulsation  of  arteries. 

THROE,  Agonv.  Pains,  labour. 

THROMBI  LACTEI,  Infarctus  mamma; 
lacteus. 

THROMBOCYS'TIS,  from  &po,jPos,  'a  clot,' 
and  (cucTTij,  'a  cyst'  The  cyst  occasionally  sur- 
rounding a  clot  of  blood  —  as  in  encephalic  he- 
morrhage. 

THROxMBOSIS.  Coagulation,  Thrombus. 

THROMBUS,  ^/)o/</?os,  'a  clot,' from  &i,o,,Pooj, 
'to  coagulate;'  Throtnho'sis,  Trumlius,  Ha»<ato'- 
ma.  A  small,  hard,  round,  bluish  tumour  ;  formed 
by  an  effusion  of  blood  in  the  vicinity  of  a  vein 
which  has  been  opened  in  the  operation  of  blood- 


TIIROPILL 


911 


Til  YREO- ARYTENOID 


letting.  The  thrombus  is  most  commonly  owing 
to  the  opoiiing  in  the  voiii  ami  that  of  the  skin 
not  corresponding;  to  exees.-^ive  suiallnc.-s  of  the 
cutaneous  orifice ;  or  to  small,  fatty  granules, 
whieli  prevent  the  discharge  of  the  blood.  Com- 
presses, dipped  in  saltwater;  camphorated  spirit, 
iind  slight  compression,  usually  disperse  it.     See 

Bhi.Ml. 

TintoMiins  Neonatohitm,  Cephalaematoma. 

Til  I!  1)1' ILL,  Trachea. 

T11K<H'1'LI':,  Trachea. 

'I'llltOfTLK,  Trachea. 

TIII'>0\V,  Agony,  Pains,  labour. 

Til  K')  WORT,  Lconurus  cardiaca. 

THRUSH,  Aphthae  — t.  Milk,  Aphthae  —  t. 
Wliile,  Aplithie. 

TIlltllSTY,  Dipsodes. 

TI1RYI*8I.S,  Comminution. 

THUJA  OCCIDENTALIS,  Thuya  occiden- 
talis. 

THUMR,  Polle.x. 

Til  UREA,  Juniperus  lycia — t.  Virga,  Junipe- 
rus  lycia. 

THUS,  see  Pinus  abies  —  t.  Foemininum,  see 
Pinus  abies  —  t.  Judajorum,  Croton  cascarilla, 
Styrax,  Thymiama  —  t.  Libauotos,  Juniperus 
lycia  —  t.  Masculum,  .Juniperus  lycia — t.  Vcrum, 
Juni|)erus  lycia  —  t.  Vulgare,  see  Pinus  abies. 

THUYA  APIIYLLA,  see  Sandarac. 

Tiuj'ya  seu  Thuja  Occide.vta'lis,  T.  ohtu'sa, 

Ciiprci'nHS  Arhor  Vil(P,  AiiierictDt  Arbor  Vifce, 
Tree  of  Life.  Orel.  ConifcrtB.  The  leaves  and 
wood  were  formerly  in  high  repute  as  resolvents, 
sudorifics,  and  expectorants,  and  were  given  in 
phthisical  affections,  intermittent  fevers,  and 
dropsies.  The  expressed  juice  has  been  applied 
to  condylomata.  The  arrangement  of  the  uicdul- 
liiry  matter  of  the  cerebellum,  termed  Arbor 
Vila'.,  is  also  called  Tliiii/n. 

THYLACIITIS,  Gutta  rosea. 

THYM,  Thymus. 

THYMA,  Thymion. 

THYMALOS,  Taxus  baccata. 

THYMASTHMA,  Asthma  thymicum. 

THYMRRA,  Saturcia  hortensis — t.  Hispanica, 
Thvmus  mastichina. 

THYME,  CAT,  Teucrium  Marum— t.  Common, 
Thymus  —  t.  Lemon,  see  Thymus  serpyllum  — t. 
Mother  of.  Thymus  serpyllum  —  t.  Virginia, 
Pycnanthemum  linifolium  —  t.  Wild,  Thymus 
serpyllum. 

TilYMRL^A,  Daphne  gnidium — t.  Laureola, 
Daphne  laureola  —  t.  Mczereum,  Daphne  meze- 
reum  —  t.  Monspeliaca,  Daphne  gnidium. 

THYMELCO'SIS,  from  ^p^oj,  'thymus,'  and 
'tXifoj,  '  an  ulcer.'  Ulceration  of  the  thymus 
gland. 

THY'MIA'MA,  5u««j^o,  (Svu,  'I  burn  per- 
fumes') '  a  perfume  ;'  Thus  Jmlcp.o'rum,  Munkxcood, 
(F.)  Narcnphte.  A  bark  from  Syria,  Cilicia,  <fec., 
supposed  to  be  the  product  of  the  liquid  storax 
tree.  Tt  has  an  agreeable,  balsamic  smell;  ap- 
proaching that  of  liquid  storax. 

TuVMiAMA,  Fumigiition,  Snflimentum. 

TlIYMrASrOTECHNIA,  Thymiatechny. 

TIIYMIASIS,  Fumigation. 

TllYMr.\TECH'NY,  Thijmiatcch'nia,  Thynii- 
aKi'iitccli'iiin,  Oiira  film ir/ato'ria,  hom  duiiiaua,  'an 
odour,' and  rexvi,  '  i>rt.'  The  art  of  employing 
jierfuines  in  medicine. 

THYMIC,  Tln/'micim,  (F.)  Thymique.  Having 
rel;itii>n  to  the  thymus,  as  '•thymic  asthma." 

TIIY.M'ION,  fhymn.  Thyiiiitf,  Porrum,  Porrus, 
Verrn'ca  rlingoi'dea  Verrii'ca  minor,  from  Oviios, 
'  thyme.'  A  small  wart  on  the  skin,  resembling 
a  bud  of  thyme. 

TIIY'MIOSIS,  Framboesia  —  t.  Indiea,  Frara- 

bccsia. 

THYMIQUE,  Thymic. 


THYMI'TES.    Wine  impregnated  with  thyme. 
THYMI'TIS,  from  ^u/ios,  'thymus,'  and    iii", 
denoting   inflammation.      Inflammation    of    tho 
thvmus  gland. 

THYMOPATIII'A,  Psyrhopnthi'a,  from  5u/i<-f, 
'the  mind,'  and  naSos,  'affection.'  A  disease  of 
the  mind. 

TIFYMOS,  Rage._ 

TIIYMOXAL'ME,  from  5u^of,  'thyme,'  o^vs, 
'acid,'  and  'aXf,  'salt.'  A  compound  of  thyme, 
vinegar  atid  salt. 

THYMUS.  ^iJLog,  Ghind'vln  Thymm,  Corpus 
Thymia'mitm  seu  Thy'micum,  Ghni'dinm,  Thy- 
»;»«  (jlund,  Corpus  iiiconipreheiieib'ile  of  Jos. 
Frank.  Sweetbread  of  the  butcher.  An  organ, 
concerned  in  hamatosis,  which  is  seated  in 
the  upper  separation  of  the  anterior  medias- 
tinum. The  thymus  has  the  appearance  of  a 
glandular  body.  It  is  oblong;  bilobate ;  soft, 
and  very  variable  in  size  and  colour.  In  the 
fffitus,  it  is  very  large,  and  contains  in  a  central 
cavity  —  reservoir  of  the  thymus  —  a  milky  fluid  : 
but  it  gradually  disappears,  and  in  old  age  is 
scarcely  discernible.  The  arteries,  called  thymic, 
are  from  the  inferior  th3'roid,  internal  mainmary, 
bronchial,  and  mediastinal.  The  veins  have  the 
same  arrangement.  It  receives  some  nervous 
filaments  from  the  pneumogastric  nerves,  the 
phrenic,  and  the  inferior  cervical  ganglia. 

Thymus,  T.  vuh/a'ris  seu  teuuifo'Uus  seu  hor- 
ten'sis,  Commoit  Tliyme,  (F.)  Thyiu,  T.  ordinaire, 
Forif/oule.  Ord.  Labiatae.  «SVu-.  Syst.  Didyna- 
mia  Gymnospermia.  This  herb  has  an  agreeable, 
aromatic  smell;  and  a  warm,  pungent  taste.  It 
is  reputed  to  be  resolvent,  emmenagogue,  tonic, 
and  stomachic.     It  is  not  much  used. 

Thymus,  Satureia  capitata,  Thymion — t.  Cala- 
minthus,  Melissa  ealamintha— t.  Capitatus,  Satu- 
reia capitata — t.  Ciliatus,  T.  mastichina — t.  Cre- 
ticus,  Satureia  capitata — t.  Hortensis,  Thymus — ■ 
t.  Includens,  T.  serpyllum. 

Thymus  Mastichi'na,  T.  cilia'tna,  Marinn 
vnhja're,  Samp'suchus,  Clinopo'dia,  Mastich'iun. 
Gnllo'rum,  Thymbrn  Hisjjnn'ica,  Jnca  In'dico, 
Common  herb  JIfristich.  A  low,  shrubby,  Spanish 
plant,  used  as  an  errhine.  It  has  a  smell  like 
mastich.  Its  virtues  resemble  those  of  the  Mttrum 
Syriacum  ;  but  it  is  said  to  be  less  powerful. 

Thymus  MuLTiFLonus,  Melissa  nepeta — t.  Ne- 
peta,  Melissa  nepeta. 

Thymus,  Reservoir  of  the,  see  Thymus. 
Thymus  Sekpyl'lum,  T.  inclu'dens,  Her'pylos, 
Herpyl'los,  Serpyl'lum,  Serpul'him,  Serpil'hint, 
Giln'rum,  Serpyl'lum  vidt/a're  tnintts,  3lother  of 
Thyme,  Wild  Thyme,  (F.)  Serpolet.  This  plant 
has  the  same  sensible  properties  as  the  garden 
thyme;  but  has  a  milder  and  rather  more  grate- 
ful flavour.  Lemon  Thyme,  the  Serpyllum  citra'- 
tum,  is  merely  a  variety  of  the  Thymus  Serpyllum. 
It  is  very  pungent;  and  has  a  particularly  grate- 
ful odour,  approaching  that  of  lemons. 

Thymus  Sylvaticus,  Clinopodium  vulgare  — 
th.  Sylvestris,  Satureia  capitata  —  th.  Tenuifo- 
lius.  Thymus  —  th.  Vulgaris,  Thymus. 

THYRA,  6vpa,  'a  gate,  folding-door.'  In  com- 
position, Thyreo  and  Tliyro,  ^vpio^,  'a  shield  re- 
sembling a  folding-door,'  mean  the  thyroid  car- 
tilage. 

THYREMPHRAXIS,  Bronchocele. 
THY'REO,   Thyro,  in  composition,  relating  to 
the  thyroid  cartilage  or  gland. 

THYREOADENITIS,  Thyreoitis. 
THYREO  -  ARYT  '  ENOID,     Thyro -arytenoi- 
deus  or    Thyro-arytenoides.     That  which  relates 
to  the  thyroid  and  arytenoid  cartilages. 

Thyreo-arytenoid  Lig'aments, Inferior  Liffd. 
ments  of  the  Larynx,  Lips  of  the  Glottis,  Vocal 
Cords,  are  two  ligaments  about  two  lines  broad, 
formed  of  elasticand  parallel  fibres,  which  are 


TlIYREO-EriGLOTTIC 


912 


T I B  T  A 


contained  in  a  duplicature  of  the  mucous  tnem- 
hrane  of  the  larynx.  They  extend  horizontally 
from  the  anterior  projection  at  the  base  of  each 
arytenoid  cartilage  to  the  middle  of  the  angle  of 
union  of  the  thyroid  cartilage.  They  are  the 
essential  organs  of  voice.     See  Glottis. 

THVIlKO-AltYTR.NOlD      MuSCLES,     ThYREO-ARV- 

TKNo'iDEi,  are  thin  muscles,  which  arise  from  the 
middle  and  inferior  part  of  the  posterior  surface 
of  the  thyroid  cartilage ;  whence  they  proceed 
backwards  and  outwards,  to  be  inserted  into  the 
outer  part  of  the  base  of  the  arytenoid  cartilage. 
They  give  the  necessary  tension  to  the  ligaments 
of  the  glottis,  in  the  production  of  the  voice. 
Santorini  has  given  the  name  Thyreo-arytendi- 
deits  obliqitua  to  a  portion  of  the  aryteiioideus 
muscle. 

TIIYREO  -  EPIGLOT '  TIC,  Thyreo-epicjlotti- 
detm,  Thyyppifjlntt'icun.  Sabatier  and  Santorini 
have  given  this  name  to  the  outer  portion  of  the 
thyro-nrytonoid  muscle;  because  it  passes  from 
the  thyroid  cartilage  to  the  anterior  part  of  the 
epiglottis. 

TIIYREO -HYOID,  Thym-hynidem,  Thyro- 
hyiiidcu.  ITyoilenthyreo'des.  That  which  belongs 
or  relates  to  the  thyroid  cartilage  and  os  hyoidcs. 

TnYRKO-HvoiD  or  Hyo-thvroid  Membrank 
is  a  very  broad,  yellowish,  fibrous  membrane, 
thicker  at  the  middle  than  at  the  extremities, 
which  is  attached,  above,  to  the  posterior  surface 
of  the  body  and  great  cornu  of  the  os  hyoides  ; 
and,  below,  to  the  whole  superior  edge  of  the 
thyroid  cartilage. 

TIIYREO -HYOiDEUS  or  nyo-tlnjreouhns 
JlfMcle  is  situate  at  the  anterior  and  superior 
part  of  the  neck.  It  is  attached  to  the  oblique 
line  on  the  anterior  surface  of  the  thyroid  car- 
tilage ;  to  the  inferior  edge  of  the  body  of  the  os 
hyoides,  and  to  the  anterior  portion  of  its  great 
cornu.  It  approximates  the  thyroid  cartilage 
and  OS  hyoides  to  each  other,  by  raising  the  car- 
tilage, and  with  it  the  whole  larynx  :  or,  it  can 
depress  the  os  hvoides. 

TIIYREO- PilARYNGEUS,  Thyro-Pharyn- 
geus. 

THYREOID,  Thyroid. 

THYREOWTEk,  Thy roi deal. 

TIIYREOTDEUS,  Thyroideal. 

TTIYREOI'TIS,  Thyreoadeni'tis,  T/n/remdrt!», 
Aiigi'iifi.  thyrea'iden,  from  Svpeui,  'a  shield,' and 
jV/s,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation  of  the 
thyroid  gland. 

THYREONCTIS,  Bronehocele. 

TIIYREOPIIRAXIA,  Bronehocele. 

THYREPIGLOTTICUS,  Thyreoepiglottic. 

THYRO,  see  Thyreo. 

THYRO-ARYTENOID.  Thyroo-arytenoid. 

THYRO-CRICO-PHARYXGEUS,  see  Crico- 
pharyngeal. 

TIIYRO-HYOIDES,  Thyreo-hyoid. 

THYRO-PHARYNGEUS,  Thy'reo-pharynffeuo. 
Valsalva,  Morgagni,  Santorini,  and  Winslow  have 
given  this  name  to  the  portion  of  the  constrictor 
pharyngis  inferior,  which  is  attached  to  the  thy- 
roid cartilages. 

TnYRO-PiiARYNGF.n.s,  Constrictor  pharyngis, 
see  Crico-phnrynzeal. 

TIIYRO-PHARYNGO-STAPHYLINUS,  Pa- 
lato-pharyngens. 

THYROCELE,  Bronehocele. 

THYROID.  Tlnfreoid,  Thyroi'dea,  from  &vpa, 
*  a  gate  or  folding-door,'  or  from  ^vinnc,  '  a  shield,' 
and  ttios,  'form.'  That  which  has  the  shape  of  a 
folding-door. 

Thyroid  Car'tilage,  Cartiln'go  Scnti/nr'mia 
seu  Seiitn'h'n  seu  Clypea'lU,  Conperto'rium,  C.  Pel- 
tn'lis  seu  pefta'tns,  Scntnm,  Ada'ini  Mursfi^  On, 
is  the  largest  of  the  cartilages  of  the  larynx,  at 


the  anterior  part  of  which  it  is  siitiinti\  It  is 
larger  transversely  than  vertically  ;  br<iadcr  above 
than  below  ;  and  seems  formed  by  the  junction 
of  the  two  quadrilateral  plates,  which  produce, 
by  their  union,  an  angle  that  projects  forwnrdi". 
Its  two  posterior  margins  terminate  above,  and 
on  each  side,  by  an  ensiforni  prolongation,  called 
the  greater  conm  nf  the  thyroid  cnrtilnye,  corvit 
anpe'rius  s6w  hnxjum ;  and,  below,  by  a  less 
prominent  eminence,  the  lesser  conm,  Cornu  hi- 
fe'riiis  seu  breve,  which  is  articulated  with  the 
cricoid. 

Thyroid  Gi.AND,  Corpus  Thyreo'ideum,  Glnn'- 
dula  Thyreoiden,  (F.)  Ghnid  ou  Corps  Thyrohle, 
is  an  organ,  the  uses  of  which  are  not  known.  It 
covers  the  anteriorand  inferior  part  of  the  Inrynx, 
as  well  as  the  first  rings  of  the  trachea,  and  seems 
to  be  composed  of  two  lobes,  flattened  from  before 
to  behind,  which  are  united  by  »  transverse  pro- 
longation of  the  same  nature  as  themselves,  called 
the  Isthmus.  The  tissue  of  the  thyroid  is  soft, 
spongy,  and  of  a  brownish  colour;  but  its  inti- 
mate structure  is  unknown.  It  is  formed  of 
several  distinct  lobules;  collected  in  lobes  of 
greater  or  less  size.  These  are  comjuised  of 
granulations,  some  of  which  contain  a  yellowish 
or  milky  fluid.  The  thyroid  gland  receives  four 
largo  arteries,  called  Thyroideal,  as  well  as  cor- 
responding veins.  Its  nerves  proceed  from  the 
pneumogastric,  and  from  the  cervical  ganglia. 
No  excretory  duet  has  ever  been  found  in  it.  Its 
uses  are  not  known. 

THYROIDEAL,  Tliyroideus,  Thyrcoidem.{Y.) 
Tliyro'idif)),  Thyreiiidien.  That  which  concerns 
the  thyroid  gland  or  cartilage. 

TtiYROiDKAL  Arteries  are  two  on  each  side. 
].  The  superior  Thryoideal,  superior  Uiryngeid, 
superior  guttural,  arises  from  the  anterior  part  of 
the  external  carotid,  and  proceeds  to  the  upper 
part  of  the  thyroid  gland,  after  having  given  off 
a  laryngeal  branch  and  a  crico-thyroid.  2.  The 
inferior  Thyroideal,  infe'rior  gut'turol,  much 
larger  than  the  last,  arises  from  the  upper  part 
of  the  subclavian.  It  passes,  in  a  serpentine 
manner,  to  the  inferior  part  of  the  thyroid  gland, 
to  which  it  is  distributed,  after  having  given  a 
number  of  branches  to  the  neighbouring  parts, 
among  which  is  the  cervicalis  asrendens. 

Thyroideal  Veins  are,  1.  A  superior  thyroid- 
eal, and  several  middle  thyroideal,  wliieli  open 
into  the  internal  jugular  vein.  2.  An  inferior 
thyroideal,  much  larger  than  the  preceding,  whose 
branches  form  —  by  anastomosing  with  those  of 
the  opposite  side,  in  front  of  the  trachea  —  a 
very  remarkable  venous  plexus,  which  .1.  Cloquet 
calls  the  infra-thyroideal  plexus.  The  inferior 
thyroideal  veins  open,  —  tlie  left  into  the  corre- 
sponding subclavian;  —  the  right,  into  the  vena 
cava  superior. 

THYROynrEN,  Thyroideal. 

THYROPHRAXIA,  Bronehocele. 

THYRSUS,  Penis. 

THYSSELINUM,  Pencedanum  palustre. 

THYSSELIUM  PALUSTRE,  Pencedanum 
palustre. 

TIBT.  PERONEO-  TARSIEN,  Peronscus 
longus. 

TIB'IA.  A  Latin  word,  which  signifies  a  flute 
or  pipe.  Cneme,  Procne'me,  Procne'iiiium,  Fo'cile 
majus,  Anni'do  seu  Cannn  major,  Cavna  major 
feu  donies'ticn  cruris,  Shiidione.  The  largest  bone 
of  the  leg.  A  long,  irregular,  an<l  triangular  bone, 
situate  on  the  inner  side  of  the  fibula.  It  has.  1. 
A  Superior  or  femoral  extremity,  which  is  very 
large,  rounded,  and  has  two  eminences  at  the 
sides,  called  Tuberos'ities  of  the  Tibia,  or  Tibial 
tuberosities.  The  outermost  is  articulated  with 
the  fibula.  On  its  head  are  two  articular,  oval, 
concave  surfaces,  separated  by  a  proces.s,  called 


TIBIiEUS 


913 


TILIA 


Spin<-  of  the  tibi'a,  which  nre  articulated  with  the 
condyles  of  the  Os  femoria.  2.  An  iuferior  or 
tarm,l  extremity,  having  an  articular  surface  be- 
neatli,  which  joins  tlie  astragalus;  within,  a  tri- 
angular eminence,  which  forma  the  malleolus  in- 
ternus  ;  and,  on  the  outside,  a  triangular  surface, 
which  articulates  with  the  filmla.  3.  The  body 
or  shaft  of  the  tibia  has  three  faces,  separated  by 
three  angles,  the  anterior  of  which  is  the  most 
prominent,  and  is  called  the  »;)n,e  or  crista  of  the 
tibia  or  tibial  spine.  It  is  the  shin.  The  tibia  is 
articulated  with  the  femur,  fibula,  and  astragalus. 
It  is  developed  by  three  points  of  ossification, 
one  for  the  body,  and  one  for  each  extremity. 

Tibia  Minima,  Fibula. 

TII}Iit:US,  Tibial. 

TIB'IAL,  7'i7-/a7i«,  TibicB'u8,{'F.)  Tibial,  Jam- 
Her.  From  tibia.  That  which  relates  to  the 
tibia  or  to  the  leg. 

Tibial  Aponeuro'sis,  (F.)  Aponivrote  Jam- 
bih-e,  surrounds  the  muscles  of  the  leg.  It  is  con- 
tinuous, above,  with  the  femoral  aponeurosis,  and 
ariso^,  also,  from  the  head  of  the  fibula,  and  from 
several  fibrous  expansions  which  detach  them- 
selves from  the  tendons  of  the  triceps,  sartorius, 
gracilis-,  and  semitendinosus.  Thence  it  descends 
around  the  leg,  attaching  itself  to  the  whole  ex- 
tent of  the  anterior  and  inner  edges  of  the  tibia. 
It  sends,  below,  an  expansion,  which  passes  be- 
fore the  tendo  Achillis,  and  is  continuous  with 
the  anterior  annular  ligament  of  the  tarsus.  It 
is  attached,  also,  to  the  sheath  of  the  peronei 
muscles. 

Tibial  Arteries  are  two  in  number.  1.  Ar- 
te'ria  Tibia'lis  Aiiti'co,  which  arises  from  the  pop- 
liteal, before  its  bifurcation  :  passes  immediately 
through  the  opening  in  the  upper  part  of  the  in- 
terosseous ligament,  and  reaches  the  anterior  part 
of  the  leg;  when  it  turns  downwards,  and  de- 
scends obliquely,  between  the  extensor  communis 
digitorum  pedis  and  the  tibialis  anticus,  anterior 
to  the  interosseous  ligament ;  glides  under  the 
anterior  annular  ligament  of  the  tarsus,  and  takes 
the  name  Borsalis  tarsi.  Amongst  the  numerous 
branches,  given  off  by  the  tibialis  antica,  may  be 
distinguished  —  the  Tibialis  recnr'rens,  A.  vtal- 
leola'ris  interna,  and  A.  riialleolaris  externa.  2. 
A.  Tibialis  posti'ca,  arises  from  the  bifurcation 
of  the  popliteal  artery;  and,  slightly  tortuous, 
descends  between  the  two  planes  of  the  posterior 
muscles  of  the  leg;  until  it  arrives  under  the 
arch  of  the  ealeaneum,  where  it  divides  into  two 
branches  —  the  Plantar  arteries. 

TIBIAD,  see  Tibial  aspect. 
_  TIB'IAL  ASPECT.      An  aspect  towards  the 
side  on  which    the   tibia  is  situated.  —  Barclay. 
Tibiail  is  used  adverbially  by  the  same  writer,  to 
signify,  'towards  the  tibial  aspect.' 

Tibial  Nerves  are  two  in  number.  1.  The 
anterior  tibial  nerve,  Pretibio-sunplantaxre,  (Ch.) 
One  of  the  two  branches  in  which  the  external 
popliteal  terminates.  It  accompanies  the  arteria 
tibialis  antica.  2.  The  posterior  tibial  nerve, 
Branche  tihiale  dii  nerf  femoro-poplitee  (Ch.),  is 
the  internal  popliteal. 

Tibial  Veins,  Anterior  and  Posterior,  have 
the  same  arrangement  as  the  arteries  which  they 
accompanv. 

TIBIA'LIS  ANTI'CUS,  Cate'ncR  mns'culns, 
(F.)  Tibio-sus-  mftatarsien,  Tibin-sustarsien  (Ch.), 
Jambier  anierienr.  A  muscle  situate  at  the  an- 
terior part  of  the  leg.  Above,  it  has  the  shape 
of  a  triangular  prism  ;  below,  it  is  slender  and 
tendinous.  It  is  attached,  above,  to  the  anterior 
part  of  the  external  tuberosity  of  the  tibia;  to 
the  superior  half  of  the  outer  surface  of  that 
bone;  and  to  the  anterior  surface  of  the  interos- 
seous ligament.  Below,  its  tendon  terminates  at 
tho  base  of  the  first  cuneiform  bone,  and  at  the 
53 


'  posterior  e.xtremity  of  the  first  metatarsal  bone. 
This  muscle  bends  the  foot  on  the  leg,  and  directs 
its  point  inwards,  at  the  same  time  that  it  raises 
its  inner  edge.  It  can,  also,  bend  the  leg  on  the 
foot,  and  prevent  it  from  falling  backwards  in 
standing. 

Tibialis  Gracilis,  Plantar  muscle. 

Tibialis  Posti'cijs,  (F.)  Tibio-tarsien,  Tibio- 
sous-tarsien  (Ch.),  Jambier  posterienr.  This  mus- 
cle is  situate  at  the  posterior  and  deep  part  of  the 
leg.  It  is  thicker  above  than  below;  and  is  at- 
tached, above,  to  the  posterior  surface  of  the 
fibula;  to  the  posterior  surface  of  the  tibia,  and 
to  the  interosseous  ligament.  Its  tendon  termi- 
nates, below,  at  the  tuberosity  on  the  inferiiT 
extremity  of  the  os  scaphoides.  This  muscle  ex- 
tends the  foot  on  the  leg;  at  the  same  time  rai,-- 
ing  its  inner  edge.  It,  likewise,  extends  the  leg 
on  the  foot. 

TIBIO-CALCANIEN,  Soleus— ?.  Phahnnjet. 
tien,  Flexor  longus  digitorum  pedis  profundus 
perforans  —  t.  Sons-tarsien,  Tibialis  posticus  —  t. 
Sns-metatarsien,  Tibialis  anticus — t.  Siis-tarsien, 
Tibialis  anticus. 

TIB'IO-TARSAL,  Tibio-far'scns,  (F.)  Tibio- 
tarsienue.     What  relates  to  the  tibia  and  tarsus. 

Tibio- Tarsal  Articula'tion  is  the  articula- 
tion of  the  foot  with  the  l^eg.  It  is  formed  by 
the  tibia  and  the  astragalus;  and  is  strengthened 
by  lateral,  and  by  anterior  and  posterior  liga- 
ments. 

TiniO-  TARSIEN,  Tibialis  posticus. 

TIC,  Twitching,  Vellication.  A  local  and  ha- 
bitual  convulsive  motion  of  certain  muscles;  and, 
especially,  of  some  of  those  of  the  foce.  It  is, 
sometimes,  called  7Vc  convvlsifou  Tic  non  donlon- 
renx,  Histrion'ic  Spasm  of  the  Face,  to  distin- 
guish it  from  Tic  douloureux  or  neurahjia  faciei, 
and  has  been  termed  a  paitial  chorea  or  form 
of  chronic  chorea,  Spastnua  facia'lis,  Chore' a 
fu'ciei. 

TIC  DOULEUREUX,  Neuralgia,  facial  —  t. 
non  douloureux,  see  Tic. 

TICKLE  WEED,  Veratrum  viride. 

TICKLING,  (^c.)  Kittling,  KitiUing,  (F.)  Cha. 
touillement.  This  word,  sometimes,  means  the 
action  of  tickling  (titilla'lio,  titilla'tion ;)  at 
others,  the  sensation  produced  by  this  action 
[pruri'tus).  A  vivid  sensation,  which  commonly 
causes  laughter,  and  a  state  of  general  spasm 
that  may  be  dangerous  if  too  long  protracted. 
There  are  some  parts  of  the  body,  where  we  nre 
easier  tickled  than  others;  for  example,  the  sole 
of  the  feet,  and  the  hvpochondriac  regions. 

TICKSEED  SUNFLOWER,  Coreopsis  tricho 
spernia. 

TICKWEED,  IIedeoma--t.  Sunflower,  Core- 
opsis  trichospernia. 

TICO'REA  FEBRIF'UGA;  a  Brazilian  plant. 
Order,  Rutacea;,  the  bark  of  which  is  intensely 
bitter,  astringent  and  antiperiodic. 

TicoREA  Jasminiflo'ra.  a  decoction  of  the 
leaves  is  said  to  be  drunk  by  the  Brazilians  as  a 
cure  for  frambnesia. 

TIDAL  AIR,  see  Respiration. 

TIERCE,  see  Tertian. 

TIGE  PITUITAIEE,  Infundibulum  of  the 
brain  —  t,  Sus-spheno'idale,  Infuniffbulum  of  the 
brain. 

TIGILLUM,  Crucible. 

TIGLIA  seu  TIGLII  GRANA,  see  Croton 
Tiglium. 

TIGRETIER,  see  Mania,  dancing. 

TIGULA,  Saccharura. 

TIKTMMA,  Cacoucia  coccinea. 
TILBURY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.    A  sa- 
line  chalybeate  at  West  Tilbury,  in  Essex,  Eng- 
land.    It  is  not  much  frequented. 

TIL'IA,  T.  Europce'a  sou-  ^vandiflo'ra  seu  cor- 


TILIA  AMERICANA 


914 


TINCTURA 


di/'i'b'a  seu  pancijla'rn  seu  platapJnjU'n,  Cnkin  to 
TTi'Ktn,  'the  elm  tree').  I'hil'i/ra.  The  Lime  or 
Li.ulen  tree,  (F.)  Tllleul.  O'rd.  Tiliacea;.  The 
flowers  have  been  supposed  to  possess  anod^'ne 
iiiid  iintispasmodic  virtues. 

TILIA  AMERICA'NA.  T.  glnhra  seu  Cmta- 
(hii'nin,  Linden,  Linn,  Basxicood,  Wliitewixid, 
Spiioiunxid.  A  inucihige  prepared  by  macerating 
the  inner  bark  in  cold  water,  has  been  applied  to 
burns.  It  may  be  made  into  a  cataplasm  by 
thickening  it  with  bran. 

TiLiA  Glabka,  T.  Americana  —  t.  Canadensis, 
T.  Americana. 
TILLEUL,  Tilia. 

TILLICIIERRY  CORTEX,  Nerium  antidy- 
sentericuni. 

TILMA,  Linteum. 
TILMOS,  Evulsion. 
TILMUS,  Carphologia. 

TILY,  OF  THE  INDIANS,  Viburnum  denta- 
tum. 

TIMAC.  The  name  of  an  East  India  root,  but 
of  what  vegetable  is  not  clear.  It  is  said  to  pos- 
sess diuretic  properties;  and  hence  has  been 
given  in  dropsies. 

TIMBRE  (¥.),  'the  sound  of  a  bell.'  The 
quality  of  sound  by  which  one  voice,  or  one  in- 
strument, can  be  distinguished  from  another 
when  producing  the  same  note. 
TIMIDUS,  Rectus  inferior  oculi. 
TIN,  (D.)  Ten.  Stdiinnm,  Cassit'eros,  C'lt- 
tit'eiDi,  Sta)if/o8,  Ja'piter,  StnJ pia,  Laog,  Plumbum 
iilbum  seu  can'didnm,  (F.)  Etain.  A  solid  metal; 
of  a  peculiar  odour  when  rubbed;  insipid  ;  colour 
whitish;  s.  g.  7'291;  giving  a  peculiar  tinkling 
sound  when  struck.  It  is  used,  in  medicine,  only 
as  a  mechanical  anthelmintic.  Dose,  ^j  of  the 
Ptdvis  Stanni,  St(tnnnm  (jianula'tum  or  (Jrnnular 
tin,  in  molasses.  This  is  made  by  melting  tin  in 
an  iron  vessel  over  the  fire,  and,  while  it  is  cool- 
ing, stirring  until  it  is  reduced  to  a  powder, 
which  is  passed  through  a  sieve. — Ph.  U.  S. 

Tin,  Butter  of,  Tin,  muriate  of — t.  Chloruret 
of.  Tin,  muriate  of — t.  Deutohydrochlorate  of,  T. 
muriate  of. 

TiN-FoTL,  Stauiuim  folia'tnm,  Stanni'olum,  is 
used  for  plugging  carious  teeth,  <fec. 

Tin-Glass,  Bismuth — t.  Granular,  see  Tin — t. 
Muriate  of,  suporo.xygenated,  T.  muriate  of. 

Tin,  MiikIATK  of,  Fuming  liquor  of  Libu'vilis, 
3lu'rins  Stanni  seu  Oxyd'u/i  Stunni,  Butter  or 
Chlor'ttret  or  Den'to-liydro-chloriite  or  Snperory- 
geua'ted  Muriate  <if  Tin.  This  is  formed  of  tin, 
one  part;  concentrated  muriatic  acid,  three  parts. 
To  be  crystallized  by  the  aid  of  heat.  A  violent 
cathartic.     Dose,  gr.  ij  or  iij. 

Tin,  Sui.PHUiiKT  of,  Auruin  musivum. 
TINAGMUS,  Concussion. 
TINAS.MUS,  Tenesmus. 

TINCTU'RA,  from  tingere,  tinctum,  '  to  dye.' 
Tincture,  Emien'tiu,  (F.)  Teinture  Alcoolique,  A^- 
coole,  Alcuhid,  Alcoo/ature.  The  term  tincture  is 
generally  restricted  to  spirituous  solutions  of 
vegetable,  animal,  and  some  saline  substances. 
It  corresponds,  therefore,  with  the  word  Quintea'- 
cence,  in  one  of  its  old  significations;  and  with 
the  Alcoola'tum  of  the  Codex  of  Paris.  It  is  not 
unusual,  however,  to  speak  of  aqueous  tincture, 
ethereal  tincture  (Etherolature,  Bcral),  <fec.  Tinc- 
tures are  usually  made  either  with  pure  alcohol 
or  proof  spirit.  The  former  are  precipitated  by 
water;  and,  therefore,  are  seldom  used  inter- 
nally; the  latter  are  common  additions  to  infu- 
sions, decoctions,  Ac.  They  ought  not,  of  course, 
to  be  united  with  any  vehicle  which  can  decom- 
pose them,  or  separate  any  thing  from  them  in  a 
palpable  form;  unless  such  decomposition  is  de- 
sired by  the  prescriber.  In  making  tinctures, 
the  iogredieuts  should  be  reduced  to  a  coarse 


powder;  and  the  maceration  be  mnde  in  close 
vessels,  e.xjiosed  to  a  heat  of  about  Mi°,  and  fre- 
quently shaken.  When  completed,  they  must  be 
filtered,  and  put  away  for  use  in  close  bottles. 
When  the  process  of  displacement  is  employed, 
great  care  must  be  taken,  so  that  the  substances 
treated  may  be,  as  far  as  possible,  exhausted  of 
their  soluble  principles,  and  a  perfectly  clear 
tincture  be  obtained.  To  those  who  are  not  fa- 
miliar with  the  process,  the  plan  of  maceration  is 
preferable.— Ph.  U.  S. 

TiNCTiiRA  Absin'thii  Compos'ita,  Emen'lia 
abain'thii  composila  seu  nmara.  Compound  Tinc- 
ture of  woriniDood.  (Ahninth.,  artem.  pontic., 
cari/oph.  aa  ,^ss,  aaceh.  ^\},  alcohol.  Oss.  Mace- 
rate for  fifteen  days.  /'//.  P.)  Tonic,  .stomachic, 
vermifuge,  and  carminative.     Dose,  f ^l^'j  t"  ',^-'^*' 

TiNCTUiiA  AcAci.*;  Catkchu,  T.  catechu  —  t. 
Acetalis  ferri  cum  alcohole,  see  T.  ferri  acetatis 
—  t.  Acidi  sulphurici,  Sulpburicum  acidum  aro- 
maticum. 

Tinctura  Aconi'ti,  (Ph.  U.  S.  1842.)  Tine- 
tu' ra  Acotii'ti  fidio'rnm,  (Ph.  U.  S.  1851.)  Tinc- 
ture of  Ac'onite,  (Aconit.folior.  ^iv,  alcohol,  dilnt. 
Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and  filter 
through  paper.  It  may  also  be  made  by  dis- 
placement. Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  gtt.  XX  or  XXX.  It 
is  rubbed  on  the  seat  of  neuralgia. 

Tinctura  Aconi'ti  RAni'cis,  Tincture  of  Aco- 
nite root,  (Aconit.  radicia  contus.  ftj,  Alcohol, 
Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days  ;  express  and  filter. 
It  may  also  be  prepared  bj'  displacement.  Ph. 
U.  S.)     Uses  same  as  the  last. 

Tinctura  ^the'rka  Camphora'ta,  Sidu'tio 
cani'phoro!  athe' rea, Liquor  iiervi'nus  Bany'ii,Spi- 
ritua  auljjhu'rivo-O'lhereuH  camphora'tua,  Naphtha 
vitrioli  camphora'ta.  (Caviphor.  p.  i.  jElher  avl- 
phuric.  p.  ii.)  Stimulant  in  atonic  diseases,  ar- 
thritic cardialgia,  and  spasm.  Dose,  20  to  30 
drops  in  white  wine. 

Tinctura  jEtiikuea  Ferri.  Alcohol  (seu  Tinc- 
tura) sulphurico-tethereus  ferri  —  t.  Alcoholics 
Chinae  composita,  T.  cinchonae  composita — t.  Al- 
i  coholica  corticuui  aurantiorum  Whyltii,  Tinctura 
cinchoniB  amara  —  t.  Alexipharmaca  Iluxhaini, 
Tinctura  cinchona)  composita. 

Tinctura  Al'oes,  T.  Al'oea  Socotori'nce,  Es- 
aeu'tia  Aloea,  Al'cohol  cum  Aloej)erfolia'td,  Tinc- 
ture of  Aloea.  (Aloea,  pulv.  ^j,  ex<.  gli/cyrrh. 
,^iij,  oqu(B  Oiss,  alcohol.  Oss.  Macerate  for  14 
days,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Properties,  those 
of  aloes.     Dose,  f^*'*'  to  f^^iss. 

Tinctura  Aloes  tEthe'rea,  T.  Aloea  vitriola'- 
ta,  yEthe'real  Tincture  of  Aloes.  (Aloea  Sucot., 
Myrrh.,  iia  ^iss,  croci  3J,  ap.  cBlheria  aulph.  Oj. 
Digest  the  myrrh  in  the  etlier  for  4  days  ;  then 
add  the  aloes  and  saflfron.  Ph.  E.)  Stimulant 
and  cathartic.     Dose,  f  J5J  ta  f  |5'j- 

Tinctura  Aloe.s  Compos'ita,  Elix'ir  Proprie- 
ta'tia  seu  aperiti'rum  seu  Aloea,  Tinctura  Aloes 
cum  Mijrrhd  seu  Aloea  et  Myrrh m  (Ph.  U.  S.,)sea 
Aloea  et  MyrrhcB  croca'ta,  Elicir  of  long  life. 
Compound  Tincture  of  Aloea,  (F.)  Elixir  de  longue 
vie,  Baume  de  vie  de  Lelievre,  [Aloes,  in  pulv., 
,^iij,  croci,  ^j,  Tinct.  Myrrha,  Oij.)  Macerate 
for  14  days,  and  filter.  Purgative  and  stomachic. 
Dose,  f^j  to  f.^ij. 

Boerhaave'a  Eli.rir  consisted  of  aloes,  myrrh, 
saffron,  and  tartrate  of  potaeaa,  digested  in  alco- 
hol and  xoater. 

liadcliffe'a  Elixir  is  formed  of  Aloes  socotr. 
^vj,  cort.  cinnnm.,  rod.  zedoar,  aa  (^S9,  rad.  rhei 
3ij,  coccincll.  ^"fS,  ayrup.  rhamui  ^ij,  sp.  tenuior. 
Oj,  aquce  puree  f  ^v. 

Tinctura  Aloks  et  Myrrhs,  T.  aloes  com- 
posita—  t.  Aloes  et  myrrhae  crocata,  T.  A.  com- 
posita—  t.  Aloes  vitriolata,  T.  A.  aetherea  —  t. 
Amara,  T.  gentianfcp  comi)osita — t.  AmmonisB 
composita,    Spiritus    ammouiai    succinatus  —  t. 


TINCTURA 


915 


TINCTURA 


Amomi  repentis,  T.  cardarnomi  —  t.  Amomi  zin- 
giberis,  T.  zingiberis. 

TiNcTunA  Angustu'RvE,  T.  Citupn'ricB,  Tincture 
"f  AnijuKtara.  ( Corl.  cuHpar.  in  pulv.  crass,  redact, 
o'u- V- "'"•<«»•  Oij.     Digest.  Fh.  D.)     Dose,  f  3J 

to  fgij. 

TiNCTUKA  Antifbbrilis  Warburgi,  see  Be- 
bceru. 

Tl.NCTimA  AntiodontAL'gicA,  Toothnch  Tinc- 
ture. (Tannin,  ^j,  MdHtich.  gr.  v,  cBther.  ^'x^. 
M.)  To  be  applied  on  cotton  wool  to  the  tooth 
Ijreviously  dried. 

TlNCTURA  Aristolochi^  Serpentari^,  T. 
serpentariae  —  t.  Arotiiatica,  T.  cinnaraoiui  com- 
jjosita — t.  Aromatica  auituoniata,  Spiritus  amuio- 
niae  aromaticus. 

TlNCTURA  AsSAF(e'tID^,  T.  Fer'ulcB  Assri/ae- 
tidm,  T.  fa:'tida  seu  (imKi/uutidte,  Tincture  of  Ansa- 
/(Blidd.  {AviKifvetid.  ^iv,  alcohol.  Oij.  Mace- 
rate for  14  days  and  filter.  Ph.  JD.)  Dose,  gtt. 
XV  to  f^j. 

TlNCTURA  Assafcetid^  Ammoniata,  Spiritus 
Ainnioniae  foetidus. 

TlNCTURA  Auuan'tii,  T.  Cor'ticin  Awontii, 
Tincture  of  Orant)e  Peel.  (Aurant.  cort.  recent, 
^iij,  up.  red.  Oij.  Digest  for  14  days.)  Sto- 
machic. Used  aa  an  adjunct  to  stomachic 
draughts.     Dose,  f^ss  to  f^ij- 

TlNCTURA  AuKEA,  Alcohol  scu  tinctura  sulphu- 
rico-a?thereus  ferri. 

TlNCTURA  BELLAnoN'N.E,  Tincture  of  Bella- 
donna. (Delladonncp.,  ^iv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij. 
Macerate  for  14  days  ;  express,  and  filter  through 
paper.  It  may,  also,  be  prepared  by  displace- 
ment.    Ph.  U.  S.) 

TlNCTURA  Bknzo'ini  Compos'ita,  T.  Ben'zoes 
coinponlta,  Bal'sanium  Cathol'icum  seu  Per'aicum 
seu  traumat'icum.  Elixir  traumaticnm,  Compound 
Tincture  of  Benzoin,  Friar's  or  Vervain'ii  Bal- 
fnin,  Wade's  or  Jesuit's  drops,  Commander's  or 
Wound  Balsam,  Balsam  for  Cuts.  (Benzoin,  ^u}, 
styrac.  purif.  ^\j,  Balsam,  lolut.  ^^j,  (does,  in  pulv. 
^»s,  alcohol.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days  and  filter. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  Stimulant.  Used  chiefly  to  wounds 
and  ulcers. 

The  basis  of  Turlington's  Balsam  of  Life,  Tur- 
lington's Balsam,  is  the  Compound  Tincture  of 
Benzoin.  The  following  form  is  recommended 
by  a  committee  of  the  Philadelphia  College  of 
Pharmacy: — Alcohol.  Oviij,  Itenzoin.^si},  Styrac. 
Ii(/uid.  ^\v,  j{locs  Socotrin.  ^j,  lialsam.  Peruvian. 
5ij,  J/y/-(A(E^^j,  Had.  Angelic,  ^ss.  Balsam.  Tolut., 
Ext.  Ulycyrrh.  aa  5iv.  Digest  for  10  days,  and 
strain. 

The  Essence  of  Coltsfoot  consiats  of  equal  parts 
of  the  Compound  Tincture  of  Benzoin  and  Bal- 
sam of  Tolu,  to  which  is  added  double  the  quan- 
tity of  Rectified  Spirit  of  Wine.  It  is  sold  as  a 
jiectoral. 

TlNCTURA  Bucnu,  T.Buchu,  Tincture  of  Buchu. 
(Buch.  ,^v.  Alcohol,  dilut.  Oij  (Imp.  meas.).  Di- 
gest for  seven  days  and  filter.  It  may  be  made, 
also,  by  percolation.  Ph.  E.)  Dose,  f^j  to 
f^iv. 

TlNCTURA  BucKU,  Tinctura  Buchu. 

TlNCTURA  Calum'b^,  T.  ColumbcB  seu  Colom- 
bo: (Ph.  U.  S.),  Tincture  of  Cohunbo,  Columho 
Bitters,  (Columb.  rad.  cont.  ,^iv,  alcohol,  dilut. 
Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days  ;  express,  and  filter. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  f^ss  to  f^iv.  It  may,  also,  be 
m;iilo  by  displacement. 

TiNctURA  Campiior.*,  Spiritus  camphorae. 

TlNCTURA  Cam'phor.b  Compos'ita,  T.  Opii 
Camphora'ta  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Compound  Tincture  or 
Camphorated  Tincture  of  Opium,  Elixir  Pare- 
gor'icum,  Paregor'ic  Elixir.  (Opii,  in  pulv.. 
Acid  Benzoic,  aa  3J  ol.  anisi,  f  3_).  mellis  despu- 
mai.  ,^ij.  Camphor.  J^ij,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Ma- 
cerate for  14  days,  and  filter  through  paper.  Ph. 


i  U.  S.)  One  fluidounce  contains  nearly  gr.  ij  of 
!  opium.     Anodyne.     Dose,  f  .^j  to  f  giij. 

Squire's  Elixir,  an  empirical  carminative  pre- 
paration, is  thus  made,  according  to  one  formula. 
(Opii  Z\v,  camphor,  ^j,  coccinell.  ^},  fanicul. 
dulc.  3ij,  tinct.  serpent.  Oj,  sp.  anisi.  cong.  ij, 
aqucB  Oij,  auri  musivi,  5vj.) 

Tinctura  Can'nabis  In'dic^,  Tincture  of  In- 
dian Hempi.  (Ext.  Cannab.  purif.  ^ss  (avoirdu- 
pois), sp.  rectificat.  Oss  (Imp.  meas.)  Dissolve. 
Ph.  I).)     Dose,  about  40  drops. 

Tinctura  Canthah'idis,  T.  G.  Vesicato'rice,  T. 
Lytt(B  seu  Meloes  vesicato'rii,  Tincture  of  Cantha- 
ridcs.  Tincture  of  Blistering  Flies,  T.  of  Spanish 
Flies,  (F.)  Teinture  rubefunte.  ( Cantharid.  coDt. 
^ij,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days; 
express,  and  filter.  It  may,  also,  be  prepared  by 
displacement.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Stimulant  and  diu- 
retic, but  not  often  used  internally.  Externally, 
stimulant.     Dose,  gtt.  x. 

Matthew's  Injection,  a  once  celebrated  nostrum 
for  fistula  in  ano,  consisted  wholly  of  a  dilute 
Tincture  of  Cantharides. 

Tinctura  Cap'sici,  Tincture  of  Capsicum  or 
Cayenne  Pepper.  (Capsic.  ^j,  alcohol,  dil.  Oij. 
Macerate  for  14  days,  and  filter.  It  may,  also, 
be  prepared  by  displacement.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Stimu- 
lant.    Dose,  f.^ss  to  f3j. 

Tinctura  Cardamo'mi,  T.  atno'mi  repen'tis, 
Tincture  of  Car'danionis.  (Cardam.  cont.  ^iv, 
alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  strain, 
and  filter.  It  may,  also,  be  made  by  displace- 
ment. Ph.  U.  S.)  Use,  the  same  as  the  seeds. 
Dose,  fJ5J  to  f  5'v. 

Solomon's  Balm  of  Gil'ead,  an  empirical  prepa- 
ration, seems  to  be  an  aromiitic  tincture,  —  of 
which  Cardamoms  form  a  leading  ingredient, 
• — made  with  brandy.  Some  affirm  that  it  con- 
tains cantharides. 

TlNCTURA  Cardamomi  Compos'ita,  Tinctura 
Stomach'ica,  Compound  Tincture  of  Card'amoms, 
Stomach  Tincture.  (Cardamom,  cont.  ^yj,  Carui. 
cont.  ^Ij,  cinnam.  cont.  ^v,  Uvcb  passa.  demptis 
acinis,  ^v,  cocci,  cont.  ^j.  alcohol,  dilut.  Oiiss. 
Macerate  for  14  days  ;  express  and  filter.  Ph. 
U.  S.)  Stomachic  and  carminative.  Dose,  f^ij 
to  f,:5iv. 

Tinctura  Carminati'va  Syl'vii,  Alcoola'tum 
Carminati'vum  Sylvii,  Carminative  Elixir  <f  Syl- 
vius. (Bad.  angelic.  4  p.,  rad.  imp>eralor.,  galang. 
aa  6  ]>.,  fol.  rosmarin.,  mnjoran.,  rtitce,  basilic,  aa 
48  p.,  baccar.  laur.  nobil.  12  p.  sent,  angelic,  li- 
gnst.  levist.,  anis.  aa  16  p.,  zingib.,  nuc.  moschat. 
aa  6  p.,  cinnam.  12  p.,  caryoph.,  cort.  Union,  aa  4 
p.  Add  alcohol  1500  p.  Macerate  and  distil, 
1000  p.  Ph.  P.)  A  warm  stomachic,  carmina- 
tive, &e.     Dose,  f^ss  to  f ^^ss. 

Tinctura  Cascaril'l.*,  T.  Croto'nis  Eleuthe'- 
ri(B,  Al'cohol  cum  Croto'ne  Cascarilld,  Tincture 
<f  Caacarilla.  (Cascarill.  cort.  cont.  ^iv,  sp.  ten. 
Oij.     Ph.  L.)     Dose,  fjj  to  f ^iv. 

Tinctura  Casto'rei,  T.  Castorei  Ros'sici  seu 
Castorei  Canaden'sis,  Essen'tia  Castorei,  Al'cohol 
castoria'tum.  Tincture  of  Castor.  (Castor  cont. 
^ij,  alcohol.  Oij.  Macerate  for  7  days,  express, 
and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Tonic  and  antispasmodic. 
Dose,  gtt.  XX  to  f  ,^ij,  or  more. 

Tinctura  Castouki  Compos'ita,  T.  C,  ammo- 
nia'ta.  Compound  Tincture  of  Castor.  (Cant,  ^j, 
g.  asafoetid.  ^/■s,  alcohol,  annnoniat.  Oj.  I'h.  E.) 
Antispasmodic.  Dose,  f  ^j  to  f.^iv.  Called,  also. 
Elixir fw'tidum,  Tinctura  castorei futida  seu  fce- 
tida  ammoiila'ta. 

TlNCTURA  Cat'ecIIU,  Tiuctura  .fapon'Ica  seU 
3/inio's(B  Catechu  seu  Aca'ci(E  Catechu,  Tincture 
of  Catechu.  Catech.  ^iij.  ciniaim.  contus.  ^ij, 
alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  diiys,  ex- 
press and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Astringent.  Dose, 
f 3J  to  f^ij. 


TINCTURA 


916 


TINCTURA 


The  Concentrated  Solution  of  Charcoal,  soU  for 
cleaiiitig  the  teeth,  seeras  to  be  little  more  than 
the  tinrture  of  catechu. 

TiNCTURA  Chiuktt'vE,  Tincture  of  Chiret'ta. 
(Chiretl.  cont.  ^v,  (avoird.)  alcohol,  dilnt.  Oij. 
(Imp.  ineas.)  Macerate  for  14  days.  Ph.  JJ.) 
Dose,  f  3J.  or  f  ,^ij,  as  a  tonic. 

TiNCTUKA  CicuT^,  T.  conii  mnculati. 
TiNCTURA  Cincho'NvF.,  T.  Cor'ticia  Pernvio'ni 
Simplex  seu  Cort.  Peniria'ni,  Tincture  of  Cincho- 
na or  of  Dark.  {Cinchon.  Jlav.  in  pulv.  ^vj, 
alcohol,  dibit.  Oij.  JM'iceratc  for  14  day.s,  ex- 
press, and  filter  through  paper.  It  may,  also,  be 
made  by  displacement.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  f^j 
to  f3i'^"i  "I'  more. 

TiNCTUUA  Ci.vcho'n^  Ama'ra  seu  alcohol'ica 
corticum  ni(ranlio'riim  Whyttii  seu  Kinki'ntr. 
ama'ra,  Elixir  aittihypochondri'acnm  seu  rub'' 
oralis  Whyt'tii  seu  Whyttii  seu  stomach'icnni 
apirituo'suiii,  E«Ke)i'tia  Cor'ticia  Peruvia'ni  Com- 
poaila.  ( Cinch,  p.  viij.  Gentian.  Bad.,  Cort. 
Anraut.  p.  iij.  Alcohol.  (-900)  96  p.  Digest.  Dose, 
one  or  two  teaspoonfuls.) 

TixcTiruA  CiNCHONiE  Ammonia'ta,  T.  Cor'ticia 
Peruvia'ni  vohil'ilia,  Annnouiated  or  Volatile 
Tincture  of  Bark.  (Cinchon.  hmcifid.  cort.  cont. 
^iv,  ^p.  amnion,  aroinat,  Oij.  Ph.  L.)  In  dys- 
pepsia, combined  with  acidity  and  languor. 

TiNCTURA  Cinchona  ^thk'rea  Compos'ita, 
T.  KinoB  KincB  cFthe'rea  compoa'ita,  Elixir'iinn 
Aiittaej/liciim  Docto'ria  Chanseier,  Chnuaaier'a 
Antiaep'tic  Elixir.  {Cinchon.  ojfficin.  ^ij,  caa- 
carill.  §ss,  ciniiam.  3'U>  cfoct  ^ss,  aacch.  all). 
^^xxxviij.  Put  these  bruised  into  a  matrass,  and 
add  fill.  alb.  Iliapnnic.  vel  vin.  muacat.,  alcohol. 
aa  Oj.  Macerate  for  two  days,  and  add  aiilphitric 
ether  fgiss.  Ph.  P.)  Tonic,  stimulant,  and  an- 
tiseptic.    Dose,  f5ss  to  f,^j. 

TiNCTURA  Cinchona  Compos'ita,  T.  Cor'ticia 
Peruvia'ni  Compoaita  seu  febrif'nya  iJocto'ria 
Hnxhd'mi  seu  Alexiphar' inaca  Huxhami  seu  Al- 
cohol'ica China  Compoa'ita,  Eaaen'tia  ChincB  seu 
Cor'ticia  Peritviu'ni  Alexiphnr'tiiaca  Huxhami 
seu  ontiaep'tica  Huxhami,  Compound  Tincture 
of  Cinchona  or  Bark,  Huxham'a  Tincture  of  Bark. 
(Cinchon.  riibr.  pulv.  ^\},aurant.  cort.  cont.  ^iss. 
serpent,  cent.  ,^iij,  croci,  santal.  aa  ^j'  alcohol, 
dilut.  f  ^xx.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and 
filter.  /-■/(.  U.  S.)  It  may,  also,  be  made  by 
displacement.  More  grateful  than  the  simple 
tincture.     Dose,  f  ^j  to  f  3''j- 

TiNCTtTRA  Cinnamo'mi,  T.  Lauri  Cinnamomi, 
Eaaen'tia  Cinnamomi,  Tincture  of  Cinnamon.  (Cin- 
iiam. cont.  .^iij,  alcohd.  dilnt.  Oij.  Macerate  for 
14  days,  express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may, 
also,  be  prepared  by  displacement.  Stomachic. 
Dose,  fgj  to  f  3ij. 

TiNCTURA  Cinnamo'sii  Compos'ita,  T.  seu  Ea- 
aen'tia Aromat'ica,  Alcool  cum  Aromat'ibua  Com- 
poa'itiia,  Compound  Tincture  of  Cinnamon,  (F.) 
Eau  de  Boiiferme  ou  d'Armagnac.  (Cinnam. 
cont.  ^j,  cardain.  cont.  §ss,  zinrjib.  cont.  5''j> 
alcohol,  dilnt.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  ex- 
press, and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may,  also,  be 
prepared  by  displacement.  Use,  same  as  the  last. 
Dose,  f  ,^j  to  f  3iij. 

TiNCTURA  Cocci  Cacti,  Tincture  of  Coch'ineal. 
(Cocci  pulv.  ^ij  (avohd.),  alcohol,  dilut.  Oj.  (Imp. 
meas.  Ph.  JJ.)  Chiefly  a  colouring  ingredient. 
At  times,  given  in  nervous  afi'ections.  Dose,  gtt. 
xij  to  f  3j. 

TiNCTURA  DE  Cochlea'riis,  Alcoola'tuvi  de 
Cochlea'riia  seu  antiacorbu'ticum.  (Fol.  cochlear, 
recent.  2500  p.,  rad.  arnioracice,  230  p.,  alcohol. 
(22°  to  32°  Beaume)  3000  p.,  distil  off  2000  p. 
Ph.  P.)     Antiscorbutic.     Dose,  f^ij  to  f,^j. 

TiNCTURA  Col'cHICI,  T.  C.  Sein'inia,  {Ph.  V. 
ff,),  Tincture  of  Culchicum  Seed.     (Colchic.  sem. 


cont.  ,^iv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14 
days,  express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may, 
also,  be  prepared  by  displacement.  Dose,  ten  lo 
sixty  drops. 

TiNCTURA  CoLCHici  CoMPOSiTA,  Spiritus  Ci>l- 
chici  ammoniatus — t.  Colchici  seminis,  T.  eolchici 
—  t.  Colombae,  T.  Calumbae. 

TiNCTURA  CoNl'l,  T.  C.  Macida'ti,  T.  Cicn'ttp, 
Tincture  of  Hemlock.  (Conii  fol.  .^iv,  alcohol, 
dil.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and  filler. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may  also  be  made  by  displace- 
ment.    Use  ;  —  the  same  as  that  of  the  leaves. 

TiNCTURA  CoNii  Maculati,  T.  conii  —  t.  Con- 
volvuli  Jalapas,  T.  jalapii — t.  Corticis  fturantii, 
T.  aurantii  —  t.  Corticis  Peruviiini  coinposita,  T. 
cinchona3  couip.  —  t.  Corticis  Peruviaiii  simplex, 
T.  cinchona? — t.  Corticis  Peruviani  volatilis,  T. 
cinchonae  ammoniata. 

TiNCTURA  Croci  Sati'vt,  T.  Croci,  Tincture 
of  Saffron.  (Croci  Augl.  cont.  ^j,  alcohol,  dilnt. 
Jxv.  Ph.  E.)  Slightly  stomachic  [?].  Dose,  f3J 
to  f.^iij. 

Ti'-CTURA  DE  Croco  Compos'ita,  ^V/xVc'iMm  de 
Garua,  Alco<da'tum  de  Croco  Compoa'itum,  Com- 
pound Tincture  of  Saffron,  Elixir  of  Garim. 
(Alvea  Socotr.  320  p.,  myrrh.  64  p.,  croci.  32  p., 
cinnam.,  nuc.  moachat.,  caryojih.  aa,  16  p.,  alcohol. 
1000  p.  «(/.  /")■.  anraut.  5000  p.  Digest  for  two 
days  ;  distil  4000  p.  and  add  ayrup  if  capillnire, 
50i)0  p.  Ph.  P.)  Aromatic,  cordial,  stomachic. 
It  is  also  called  Elixir  cordia'le  et  etomach'icum, 
and  E.  anlicol'icnm  croca'tum. 

TiNCTURA  Ckoto'nis,  Tincture  of  Croton.  Un- 
der this  name  Mr.  E.  Wilson  recommends  'a 
most  valuable  cutaneous  stimulant,'  made  by  adil- 
ing  four  fluidounces  of  alcohol  to  one  ounce  of  the 
bruised  seeds  of  Croton  tiglium. 

TiNCTURA  Crotonis  Eleutheri^,  T.  casca- 
rillae. 

TiNCTURA  Cubeb',«,  Tincture  of  Cuheha.  (Cu- 
heb.  cont.  ,^iv,  alcohid.  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  fur 
14  days,  express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may, 
also,  be  prepared  by  displacement.  Dose,  one  or 
two  fluidrachms. 

TiNCTURA  CusparitE,  Tinctura  Augusturje. 

TiNCTURA  Dioita'lis,  T.  Digitalis  pnrpu'rca, 
Tincture  of  Digitalia.  (Digital.  §iv,  alcohid.  di- 
lnt. Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and  filter.) 
It  may,  also,  be  prepared  by  displacement.  Use, 
same  as  that  of  the  leaves.     Dose,  gtt.  x. 

TiNCTURA  ER'GOT^t;,  Tincture  of  Ergot.  (Ergot. 
in  pulv.  crass.  ,^viij  (avoird.),  Sp.  tennior.  Oij, 
(Imp.  meas.)  Macerate  for  14  days,  express, 
and  filter.     Ph.  D.)     Dose,  f  ,^  to  f3ij. 

TiNCTURA  Er'goTjE  iETHR'REA,  Ethe'renl  Tinc- 
ture of  Ergot.  (Ergot,  contus.  5xv,  jEther.  Oij, 
(Imp.  meas.)  Macerate  for  7  days,  express,  and 
filter.     Ph.  L.)     Dose,  60  to  90  minims. 

TiNCTURA    FlCBRIFUGA    DoCTORIS  IIuXHAMI,   T. 

cinchonae  composita.    . 

TiNCTURA  Ferri  Aceta'tis,  Tincture  of  Ace- 
tate of  Iron.  (Potaaa.  acetat.  ^ij,  aulph.  ferri. 
,1J>  "P-  rectif.  Oij.  Rub  the  acetate  and  sulphate 
into  a  soft  mass.  Dry  and  rub  with  the  s))irit. 
Digest  for  7  days,  and  pour  off.  Ph.  D.)  Tonic 
and  astringent.  Dose.  gtt.  xx  to  f^j.  The  Dub- 
lin college  directs  a  Tinctura  Acetalia  Ferri  cum 
Alcoho'le,  which  differs  from  the  other,  in  having 
half  the  quantity,  only,  of  the  Acelale  of  Potaaa. 

Tinctura  Fkrri  Ammonia'ta,  T.  Ferri  Am- 
moniacn'lis  seu  Florum  niartia'lium  seu  3fartia 
Mynsich'ti,  Tincture  of  Animoniattd  Iron.  (Ferri 
amnion,  '^iv,  sp.  ten.  Oj.  Ph.  L.)  Vac  —  same  «8 
that  of  the  ammoniated  iron.     Dose,  f  ^ss  to  f  3'j- 

Tinctura  Ferri  Ammo'nio-Chlo'uidi,  Tine- 
ture  of  Ammonio-chloride  of  Iron.  ( Ferri  nnnno- 
uio-chlorid.   ^iv,   alcohol,  dilut.,   aqua  destillut. 


TINCTURA 


917 


TINCTURA 


aa  Oj.  (Imp.  ineas.)  Dissolve  and  filter.  Ph.  L.) 
Dose,  gtt.  X  to  XX. 

TiNCTiiiiA  Fkuui  Ciiloridi,  T.  ferri  muriatis. 

TlNCTUUA  Fkuiu  MtiRiA'Tis,  T.  Ferri  chlo'ridi 
(Ph.  U.  S.)  seu  Henquf -chlo'ridi  seu  ifartinin  Spi- 
ritu  S'din  seu  Mdrtix  cum  S/tiritn  S<dis  seu  Ferri 
Jftirin'li,  Liquor  Ferri  Mnriu'tiH,  Tincture  of 
Muriate  of  Iron,  Tincture  of  Sleei,  Alcohol  ferra' - 
tun.  {Ferri  subcarb.  ftss,  acid,  niuriat.  Oj, 
(dcohol.  Oiij.  Add  the  acid  to  the  subcarbonate 
in  a  glass  vessel,  and  shake  during  three  days. 
Pour  off  and  add  the  spirit.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Tonic 
and  styptic.  It  has  been  given,  also,  with  ad- 
vantage in  erysipelas  and  scarlatina  in  the  dose 
of  n\^  X  to  Tr\^  XX,  every  two  or  three  hours.  Dose, 
gtt.  X  to  XX. 

Bentiichejr'a  Tincture  or  Klnproth's  Tincture  is 
nn  ethereal  tincture  of  chloride  of  iron.  It  is 
Odinposed  of  dry  perchloride  of  iron,  one  part; 
Jlojf'mnnu'a  anodyne  liquor,  seven  parts. 

The  Antivenereal  Drops,  at  one  time  so  cele- 
brated at  Amsterdam,  were  examined  by  Scheele, 
and  found  to  be  a  tincture  of  chloride  of  iron  and 
corrosive  sublimate. 

TiNCTURA  Ferri  Sesqitichloridi,  T.  Ferri 
muriatis— t.  Fcrulas  Assafoetidse,  T.  Assafoetida;— 
t.  Florum  marti.ilium,  T.  ferri  ammoniata — t.  Foe- 
tida,  T.  assafoetidae  —  t.  Foetida  ammoniata,  T. 
castorei  composita  —  t.  Fuliginis,  see  Fuligo. 

TlS'CTllRA  Gal'bani,  Tincture  of  Galbanum. 
{Gdlb.  ^ij,  up.  tenuior.  Oij.  Ph.  I).)  Stimulant 
and  antispasmodic.     Dose,  f^j  to  f  ^iij. 

Tinctl'ka  Galla'rum,  T.  Galla,  {Ph.  U.  S.) 
Tincture  of  Galh.  {Gall,  contus.  ^iv,  alcohol, 
dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express  and 
filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may,  also,  be  prepared  by 
displacement.     Astringent.     Dose,  f^j  to  f^iij. 

TiNCTitRA  Gkntia'n^, Compos'ita,  Tinct.Amn'- 
ra,  Elix'ir  Stowach'icuni,  Compound  Tincture  of 
Gentian,  Spirit  Hitters.  {Gent,  concis.  ^^ij,  au- 
rant.  cort.  ^j,  cardam.  cent,  ^ss,  alcoho).  dilut. 
Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and  filter. 
It  may,  likewise,  be  prepared  by  displacement. 
J'h.  U.  S.)     Tonic  and  stomachic.     Dose,  f^j  to 

Brodntn's  Nervous  Cordial  consists  of  the  Tinc- 
tures of  Gentian,  Coluniba,  Cardamom,  and  Bark, 
with  the  Compound  Spirit  of  Lavender,  and  Wine 
of  Iron. 

Stourjhton's  Elixir  is  a  compound  tincture  of 
gentian.  The  Elixir'ium  Docto'ris  Stoughton  seu 
Tinctu'ra  Ama'ra  of  the  Parisian  Codex  is  pre- 
pared as  follows:  —  Absinth,  summit,  exsiccat., 
Teiicri  chammdrys.  Had.  gentian.,  cort.  anrant., 
aft  ^^vj,  cascariltcB  ^),  rhei  ^ss,  aloes  socotr.  ^j, 
alcohol.  Oij.)     Digest. 

TiNCTURA  Ghai'aci,  T.  Gnaiaci  Offieina'lis, 
Tincture  of  Guai'acum.  (Guaiac.  Ibss,  alcohol. 
Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Stimulant  and  sudorific.  Used  especially  in  rheu- 
matic and  arthritic  cases.  Nearly  the  same  as 
Hill's  Essence  of  Uardana  or  Burdock. 

Ti.vcTiiuA  Guai'aci  Ammonia'ta,  T.  Guaiaci'na 
Volal'ilis.  T.  Gnai'nci,  {Ph.  L.  1788,)  Elixir 
Guai'aci  Volatilis,  Al'cohol  cum  Guni'aco  offici- 
na'le  ammoui'atus,  A.  ammonicB  et  Guai'aci,  Am- 
vioniatid  Tincture  of  Guai'acum,  Vol'atile  Tinc- 
ture of  Guai'acum.  {  Guainc.  pulv.  ,^iv,  sp.  amnion, 
nrom.  Oiss.  Macerate  for  14  days,  and  filter. 
Ph.  U.  S.)     Properties  same  as  the  last.     Dose, 

Hatfield's  Tincture  —  a  nostrum  —  consists  of 
Guaiacum  and  Soap,  aa  ^'j-  rectified  spirit,  Oiss. 

TiNCTURA  IIki.LKB'ori,  T.  Helleb'ori  Nigri,  T. 
JIfelanipo'dii,  Tincture  of  Black  Hellebore.  ( Hel- 
Icb.  nigr.  cont.  ^iv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate 
for  14  days,  express  and  filter.  It  may  also  be 
prepared  by  displacement.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose, 
f  Jss  to  f3J. 


TiNPTLRA  HiERA,  Vlnum  aloes. 

TiNCTURA  IIl'imli,  T.  Lu'puli,  Tincture  of 
Hops.  {Humuli,  gv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.)  Tonic 
and  sedative.     Dose,  f  ^ss  to  f.^iij. 

Tl.NCTURA  Hyoscy'a.mi,  T.  Hyoscyomi  nigri, 
Tincture  of  Henbane.  {Hyoscyam.  fol.  ^iv,  atco- 
hol.  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express  and 
filter.  It  may  also  be  prepared  by  displacement. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  Narcotic,  anodyne.  Dose,  gtt.  xs. 
to  f^ij- 

TiNCTURA  lo''!)\m,{Ph.  U.  S.,\U2,)  T.  lodin'ii, 
{Ph.  U.  S.,  1851^)  Alcohol  Jo'dii,  Tincture  of 
fodine.  {lodin.  3J,  alcohol.  Oj.  Dissolve.  Ph. 
U.  S.)  The  tincture  spoils  by  keeping,  or  at 
least,  deposits  the  iodine.  It  has  been  much 
used  in  goitre,  <fec.  Dose,  ten  drops  three  times 
a  day. 

An  ethereal  and  a  chloroform  tincture  of  iodine 
have  been  used,  to  affect  the  system  with  iodine 
by  inhalation. 

TiNCTURA  lODINI  COMPOS'lTA,  {Ph.  U.  i?.,  1842,) 
T.  lodin'ii  Composita,  {Ph.  U.  S.,  1851,)  Com- 
pound Tincture  of  Iodine.  {lodin.  ^ss.  Potassii 
iodid.  ^},  Alcohol.  Oj.  Dissolve.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  10  to  30  drops. 

TiNCTURA  Jala'pii,  T.  Jala'pm,  {Ph.  U.  S.)  seu 
Convol'vuli  JalapcB,  Vali'ga,  Tincture  of  Jalap. 
{Jalap,  pulv.  ^vi,  Alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate 
for  14  days,  express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It 
may  also  be  made  by  displacement.  Cathartic. 
Dose,  f  3J  to  f  3iv. 

TiNCTURA  Jala'pii  Compos'ita,  Elixir  Ja- 
lap'a;  Compos' itum  seu  purgans  seu  anthelmin'ti- 
cum  Sueco'rum,  Essen'tia  cathol'ica  purgans  Bo- 
th'ii,  (F.)  Eau  de  vie  Allemande.  (Jalap.  Ibss, 
Scammon.  ^j.  Alcohol.  (22°)  Ovj.  Macerate  for 
eight  days.     Ph.  P.)     Dose,  60  to  100  drops. 

TiNCTURA  Japonica,  Tinctura  catechu  —  t. 
Kinoe  kinae  ffitherca  composita,  Tinctura  cinehonae 
aetherea  composita — t.  Kinkinae  amara,  Tinctura 
cinchonao  amara. 

Tinctura  Kino,  Tincture  of  Kino.  {Kino,  in 
pulv.,  ,5vj;  Alcohol,  dilut.  q.  s.  Put  the  kino, 
mixed  with  an  equal  bulk  of  sand,  into  a  perco- 
lator, and  gradually  pour  on  diluted  alcohol 
until  f.^viij  of  filtered  liquor  pass.  The  tincture 
should  be  renewed  frequently, and  kept  in  closely 
stopped  bottles.    Ph.  U.  S.)     Astringent.     Dose, 

Tinctu'ra  KraMe'ri^,  Tincture  of  Rhafany. 
{Kramer,  in  pulv.  ,^vj,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Mace- 
rate for  14  days,  express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
It  may  also  be  prepared  by  displacement.     Dose, 

Tinctura  Lactuca'rii,  Tincture  of  Laetuea'- 
riiim.  {Lactucur.  in  pulv.  ,^iv,  Sp.  tenuior.  Oij. 
(Imp.  meas.)  Best  prepared  by  percolation. 
Ph.  E.)     Dose,  30  minims  to  f^j. 

Tinctura  Lauri  Cinnamomi,  Tinctura  cinna- 
rnomi — t.  Lavandulae  composita,  Spiritus  lavand. 
comp. 

Tinctura  Limo'nis,  Tincture  of  Lemon  peel. 
(Linion.  cort.  ^^iiiss,  Sp.  tenuior.  Oij.  (Imp.  meas.) 
Macerate  for  7  days,  express  and  filter.s  Ph.  D.) 
Dose,  fgj  to  fgij. 

Tinctu'ra  Lobe'livE,  Tincture  of  Lobelia. 
{Label.  5iv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14 
days,  express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may 
also  be  prepared  by  displacement.  Dose,  fjj 
to  f^ij. 

Tinctura  Lobe'lIjE  .Sthe'rea,  Ethe'real  Tinc- 
ture of  Lobe'lia.  {Lobel.  pulv.  ^v,  Sp.  either, 
sulph.  Oij.  (Imp.  meas.)  Ph.  E.  and  L.)  Dose, 
same  as  the  last. 

Tinctura  Lupdli,  Tinctura  Humuli,  T.  Lu- 
pulinaj. 

Tinctu'ra  Lupui-i'n^,  T.  Lu'puli,  (Ph.  E.) 
Tincture  of  Lu'puline.     {Lupulin.  ^iv,   alcohol. 


TINCTURA 


918 


TINCTURA 


Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Dose,  f^j  to  f^I^ij. 

Ti.vcTURA  LYTT^.Tincturacantharidis — t.  Mar- 
tis  Glauberi,  see  Ferrura  turtarizatuin — t.  Mnrtis 
in  spiritd  salis,  Tinctura  ferri  inuriatis — t.  Martis 
Mynsic'hti,  Tinctura  ferri  amuioniata — t.  Martis 
vinosa,  Vinum  ferri. 

Tinctura  Matico,  Tincttire  of  MaU'co.  {Matico 
in  pulv.  crass.  ,^viij,  (avoird.)  Sp.  fennior.  Oij. 
(Imp.  meas.)  Macerate  for  14  days,  express, 
and  filter,     f'h.  D.)     Dose,  f.^j  to  f.:5iij. 

Tinctura  Mklampodii,  Tinctura  hellebori 
nigri — t.  Meloes  vesicatorii,  Tinctura  eanth.aridis 
—  t.  Metallorum,  Liliuni  Paracelsi  —  t.  Miuiosae 
catechu,  Tinctura  catechu. 

Tinctura  Moschi,  Tincture  or  Essence  of  MuhIc. 
(3funcli.  in  pulv.  redact.  ^'J-  *P-  "'"''  '""ct.  Oj. 
Dose,  f  3J  to  f^i^- 

Tinctura  Myrrhs,  Tincture  of  Myrrh,  Simple 
Tincture  nf  3fyrrh.  {Mi/rrh(S  contusa?  §iv,  alco- 
hol Oiij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  and  filter.  Ph. 
U.  S.)  Tonic,  deobstruent,  antiseptic,  and  deter- 
gent. It  is  chiefly  used  in  gargles,  and  applied 
to  foul  ulcers,  spongy  gums,  <fcc. 

Hudson's  Prenerrative  for  the  Teeth  and  Otims 
consists  of  Tinct.  myrrh.,  li»ct.  cinch.,  aq.  cinnam. 
aa  5'Ui  *""  d'arquebusade  ^j>  pulv.  gum.  Arab. 
§ss.     M. 

Tinctura  Nervina  Bestucheffii,  Tinctura 
seu  alcohol  sulphurico-a>thereus  ferri — t.  Nervina 
Halensis,  Tinctura  seu  alcohol  sulphurico-aethe- 
reus  ferri — t.  Nervino-tonica,  Lainotte's,  Alcohol 
eeu  Tinctura  sulphurico-aethereus  ferri. 

Tinctura  Nucis  Vou'icje,  Tincture  of  Nux 
Vomica.  {Alcohol,  s.  g.  8.37,  f,^ j  ;  Dry  Extract 
of  Nux  Vomica,  3  gr.)  Dose,  gtt.  v  to  xxx,  in 
cases  where  the  nux  vomica  is  indicated. 

It  is  directed,  in  the  last  edition  of  the  Ph.  U. 
S.  (1851),  to  be  prepared  as  follows:  —  Xucis  vo- 
viiccB  rasur.,  §viij ;  alcohol,  Oij.  Macerate  for 
14  days,  express,  and  filter.  It  may  also  be  pre- 
pared by  the  process  of  displacement.    Dose,  gtt. 

V   to   XX. 

Tinctura  Olei  Menth.«  Piperi't^,  Tincture 
of  Oil  of  Peppermint,  Essence  of  Peppermint. 
(01.  meiilhcB  piperilcB,  f.^ij.  alcohol.  Oj.  Dissolve. 
Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  5  drops,  as  a  carminative. 

Tinctura  Olei  Mentha,  Vir'idis,  Tincture  of 
Spearmint,  Essence  of  Spearmint,  is  made  in  the 
same  manner.     I'h.  U.  S. 

Tinctura  O'pii,  T.  Theba'ica  seu  Sednti'va, 
Theriaca  cocles'tis,  Al'cohol  cum  Opio,  Tincture 
of  Opium,  Liquid  Lnu'dnnvm.  (Opii  pulv. 
^ijss,  alcohol,  (lilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days, 
express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Nineteen  minims 
contain  about  one  grain  of  opium.  Properties, 
those  of  opium.  Dose,  gtt.  xx  to  Ix  and  more. 
By  macerating  the  dregs  remaining  after  making 
the  Tinctura  Opii  in.  a  solution  of  I'artaric  Acid, 
a  solution  is  obtained,  which  is  said  to  be  devoid 
of  the  e.xciting  and  constipating  properties  of  the 
tincture  of  opium.  Gray  calls  it  Haden's  Liquor 
Opii  Sedati' VMS. 

Tinctu'ra  Opii  Aceta'ta,  Ac"etated  Tincture 
of  Opium.  (Opii  ^ij  ;  aceti,  f^xij  ;  alcohol.  Oss. 
Rub  the  opium  with  the  vinegar;  add  the  alco- 
hol, and  having  macerated  for  14  days,  express 
and  filter.  Ph.  (J.  S.)  Twenty  drops  are  equi- 
valent to  a  grain  of  opium. 

Tinctura  Opii  Ammokia'ta,  Ammo'niated  Tinc- 
ture of  Opium,  Edinburgh  Paregor'ic  Elix'ir. 
(Flor.  benz.,  croci,  aa  ^iij,  opii  ^\j,  ol  anisi  ^»s, 
alcohol,  ammoniat.  f^xvj.  Digest.  Ph.  E.) 
f  5  contains  one  grain  of  opium.  Used  like  the 
Tinctura  Camphora  Composita. 

Tinctura  Opii  Camphorata,  Tinctura  cara- 
phorae  composita  —  t.  Plumbosa,  Liquor  Plumbi 
Bubacetatis  dilutus. 

Tinctura     Quas'sIjE,    T.    Quassia    excel'scB, 


Tincture  nf  Quassia.  (QuasticB  rasur.  'ij,  al- 
cohol, dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  ex|ire>.-'. 
and  filter.  Ph.  {/,  S.)  It  may  also  be  prepared 
by  displacement.     Tonic.     Dose,  f 3J  to  fpjij. 

Tinctura  Quas'si.e  Compos'ita,  Compound 
Tincture  of  Qims'sia  (Cardaui.  Bern,  cimlus.. 
Cocci  contus.  aa  .^ss;  Cinnam.,  Quasulai,  aa  3*'j  J 
Uvar  pasar,  ^v\y,  Sp.  tenuior.  Oij  (Imp.  nieii.s.). 
Digest  for  7  days;  express  and  filter.  M;iy  be 
prepared  also  by  percolation.  Ph.  E.)  D».-e,  as 
a  tonic,  f^j  or  f^ij. 

TiNCTUR/K  Quin>e  Compos'ita,  Compound  Tine- 
ture  of  Qui' nil.  (Quinio'.  sulph,  ^v  and  J^j  ; 
Tinct.  aurantii,  Oij,  (Imp.  uieas.)  Oij.  Digest  tor 
7  days  and  filter.  }'h.  L.)  fSJj,  contains  a  grain 
of  the  sulphate. 

Tinctura    Qui'nijE    Sulpha'tis,    Tincture  of 

Sulphate  of  Qiii'nia.  (Sulphate  of  Qiiinia,  gr.  vj  ; 
alcohol,  (-847)  f^j.  M.)  Dose,  f^j  to  f^iv,  in 
the  day. 

Tinctura  Cincho'nicB  Sulpha'tis  may  be  made 
in  a  similar  manner.  v 

Tinctura  Rhabarbari,  Tinctura  rhei — t.  Rlia- 
barbari  composita,  Tinctura  rhei  com[)osita  —  t. 
Rhabarbari  vinosa,  Vinum  rhei  palmati. 

TinCTUUA  RlIKI,  T.  Rhabarb'iiri  seu  Rhahnr- 
bari  spirituo'sa  seu  lihici  seu  Rhei palnia'tl.  Tinc- 
ture of  Rhubarb.  (Rhei  contus.  ,^iij,  carilam. 
cont.  ^ss,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14 
days,  express,  and  filter.  It  may  also  be  pre- 
pared by  disjilacement.  Ph.  U.  S)  Stomacliic 
or  purgative,  according  to  the  dose  employed  : 
f^j  to  3'j,  as  a  stomachic;  f3'^'  to  ,^j,  as  a  pur- 
gative. 

Tinctura  Rhei  Compcs'ita,  T.  Rhabarbari 
composita.  Compound  Tincture  of  Jihubarb.  (Rhei 
rad.  concis.  ^ij,  glycyrrhiz.  rad.  cont.  5*'^>  ^"'- 
gib.  rad.  concis.,  croci  stigmat.  aa  3'j'  "'/"« 
f^xij,  sp.  ten.  Oj.  Ph.  L.)  Properties  same  as 
the  last. 

Tinctura  Rhei  et  Al'oes,  Elixir,  sacrum, 
Tincture  of  Rhubarb  and.  Aloes.  (Rhei  concis. 
3x,  aloes  pulv.  ,^vj,  cardam.  cont.  ^ss,  alcohol, 
dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  exjiress,  and 
filter.     Ph.  U.  S.)     Properties  like  the  last. 

Rymer's  Car'diac  Tincture  consists  of  an  infu- 
sion of  Capsicum,  Camphor,  Cardamom  seeds. 
Rhubarb,  Aloes  and  Castor  in  Proof  Spirit,  with 
a  very  small  quantity  of  Sulphuric  Acid. 

Tinctura  Rhei  et  GENTiA'NyE,  Tinctura  Rhei 
Ama'ra,  Tincture  of  Rhubarl)  with  Gen'lian. 
(Rhei  cont.  ^ij,  gentian,  cont.  ^ss,  alcohol,  dilut. 
Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express  and  filter. 
Ph.  U.  »S'.)  It  may  also  be  prepared  by  displace- 
ment.    Properties  same  as  the  last. 

Tinctura  Rhei  et  SknNvE,  Tincture  of  Rhu- 
barb and  Senna,  Warner's  Gout  Cordial.  (Rhei 
cont.  ^'},  sennm,  ,^ij,  coriandr.  cont.,  frniciil. 
cont.  aa  ^],  santal.  rasur.  ^ij,  croci,  ejrt.  glycyr- 
rhiz. rad.  aa  ^'^s,  war.  passar.  aeinis  exeinptis, 
tbss,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oiij.  Macerate  for  14  days; 
express    and   filter.     Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  f^ss   to 

f|ij- 

Tinctura  Rh(ei,  Tinctura  rhei  —  t.  Rhoei 
amara,  Tinctura  rhei  et  geDtian%  —  t.  Sacra,  Vi- 
num aloes. 

Tinctura  Sanguina'ri^,  Tincture  of  Blood- 
root.  (Sanguinar.  cont.  ^iv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij. 
Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and  filter.  Ph.  U. 
S.)  It  may  also  be  prepared  by  displacement. 
Dose,  30  to  60  drops. 

Tinctura  Saponis  Camphorata,  Linimentum 
saponis  —  t.  Saponis  et  opii,  Linimentum  saponis 
et  opii. 

Tinctura  ScilLjE,  Tincture  of  Squill.  (Scillm 
^^iv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days, 
express,  and  filter.  It  may  also  be  made  by  dis- 
placement.    Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  gtt.  XV  to  Ix. 

Tinctura  Sedativa,  Tinctura  opii. 


TINCTURE 


919 


TINCTURE 


TlNCTURA  SksNvK,  T.  Sennce  Compog'ita,  Elixir 
Salii' lis,  Duffy' H  Elixir,  Tivrtitre  of  Senna.  (Sen- 
na; fill.  ,^iij,  cnrui  Hem.  cont.  ^iij,  cardnm.  tern. 
cont.  3J>  iivariim  padnarnm  douiptis  acinis,  ^iv, 
»;).  ten.  Oij.  I'h.  L.  &  I).)  StouiacViic,  carmina- 
tive and  cathartic.     Dose,  f^ij  to  f^j. 

TlNCTiiii^;  SENNiE  ET  Jai.a'p.*:,  Tinclure  <>f 
Senna  and  Jalap.  (Sennce  ,^iij,  jahi]).  pulv.  ^j, 
coriandr.  c<nit.,  carKicont.,  aa  .^ss,  cardain.  cont. 
gij,  sacch.  ^\v,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oiij.  Macerate  for 
14  days,  express,  and  filter.  I'h.  U.  S.)  It  may 
also  be  prepared  by  displacement.  Lose,  f^ij 
to  f'SJ- 

TiNCTUliA  Skrfenta'ri^,  T.  Serpenta'riee  seu 
Vir(jinia'n(B  seu  Arintolochi' m  Serpent aricp.,  Tinc- 
ture of  Snakerooot.  (Had.  serpent.  ,^iij,  alcohol, 
dilut.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and 
filter.  Ph.  If.  S.)  It  may  also  be  prepared  by 
displacement.     Tonic.     Dose,  f^ss  to  f^ij- 

TlNCTURA  Stomaciiica,  Tinctura  cardamomi 
composita. 

TlNCTURA  StrAMO'nii,  Tincture  of  Stramo'- 
niiim.  {Stramon.  aem.  cont.  ^iv,  alcohol,  dilut. 
Oij.  Miiccrate  for  14  days,  express,  and  filter. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may  also  be  prepared  by  displace- 
ment.    Dose,  ten  to  twenty  minims. 

TlNCTURA  Strych'nIjE,  'Tincture  of  Strych'ma. 
{Alcohol,  s.  g.  '837,  Oj,  Strychnia,  gr.  iij.)  Dose, 
6  drops  to  24.     Properties,  tbose  of  strychnia. 

TlNCTURA  (seu  Al'cohol)  Sulphu'rico-.;T5thk- 
REUS  Fkrhi,  GuticB  nervi'ncB,  Liquor  Anud'ynus 
Jl/artia'lia,  Al'cohol  cBthe'reuH  ferrn'tus,  Naj>h'tha 
Vitrioli  Martia'lis,  Solntio  Muriatii  ferrici  <gthe- 
rea,  Spir'itun  nulphurico-  athe'rcus  tnartiaiie, 
Tinctu'ra  nervi'na  Halen'sis  seu  Ton' ieo-nervi' na 
Halen'sin  seu  au'rea  seu  nernina  licstucheffii  seu 
iiervino-ton'ica  (Lamotte's)  seu  athe'rea  ferri, 
^ther  Martia'lis,  De  La  Matte's  Golden  Drops, 
Bestuchfff's  Nervous  Tincture,  (F.)  Elixir  d' Or 
de  M.  le  General  Be  La  Motte.  An  ethereal  solu- 
tion of  muriate  of  iron.  It  is  much  used  in  gout, 
hypochondriasis,  <tc. 

TlNCTURA  SuLPHURis  VoLATiLis,  Liquor  fu- 
mans  Boylii  —  t.  Thebaica,  Tinctura  opii,  Vinum 
opii. 

Tinctura  ToLUiF'En.«  Bal'sami,  T.  BaVaami 
Toluta'ni,  T.  Toluta'ni  (Ph.  U.  S.,  1842.),  T. 
Toluta'na  (Ph.  U.  'i.,  1851),  Tincture  of  Balsam 
of  Tola,  (Bals.  Tolutan.  ^iij,  alcohol  Oij.)  Re- 
puted to  bo  expectorant  and  corroborant.  Dose, 
f 3!=s  to  fjj)  or  more. 

Tinctura  Tonica  Nervina  Halensis,  Tinc- 
tura (seu  Alcohol)  sulphurico-setherea  ferri. 

Tinctura  Valeria'NjK,  Tincture  of  Valerian. 
(Valerian,  cont.  ^iv,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oij.  Mace- 
rate for  14  days,  express,  and  strain.  It  may 
also  be  prepared  by  displacement.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Stimulant  and  antispasmodic.  Dose,  f^ss  to  f^ij. 

Tinctura  Valeriana  Ammonia'ta,  T.  Valeri- 
atXB  Volat'ilis,  Ammo'niated  or  J^j^ifiVe  Tincture 
of  Valerian.  (  Valeriante  cont.  ^\v,  sp.  amnion, 
arom.  Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and 
filter.  It  may  also  be  made  by  displacement. 
Ph.  U.  S.)    Like  the  former.    Dose,  f.^ss  to  f^ij. 

Tinctura  Vkra'tri,  T.  Veratri  albi.  Tincture 
of  White  Hellebore.  (Bad.  veratri  alb.  cont. 
^viij,  alcohol,  dilut.  Oijss.  Ph.  E.)  Emetic  and 
cathartic;  but  not  very  manageable.     Dose,  gtt. 

T  to  X.  „,     i      ,    .  ^.     .,     . 

Tinctura  Zinoib'eris,  T.  Amo'mt  Zingtberu, 
Tincture  of  Ginger.  (Zingib.  cont.  gviij,  alcohol. 
Oij.  Macerate  for  14  days,  express,  and  filter. 
It  may  also  be  made  by  displacement.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
Stimulant  and  carminative.     Dose,  f^ss  to  f^j. 

TINCTURE,  Tinctura — t.  of  Aconite,  Tinctura 
neoniti  —  t.  of  Aconite  root,  Tinctura  aconiti  ra- 
(liciis  —  t.  of  Aloes,  Tinctura  aloes  —  t.  of  Aloes, 
compounil,  Tinctura  aloes  composita— t.  of  Aloes, 
ethereal,  Tinctura  aloes  ajtberea — t.  of  Ammonia, 


compound,  Spiritus  ammonise  succinatns  —  t.  of 
Angustura,  Tinctura  angusturae — t.,of  Assafetida, 
Tinctura  assafoetidos — t.  of  Balsam  of  Tolu,  Tinc- 
tura toluiferae  balsami — t.  of  Bark,  Tinctura  cin- 
chonae  —  t.  of  Bark,  ammoniated,  Tinctura  cin- 
chonae  ammoniata — t.  of  Bark,  compound.  Tinc- 
tura cinchonae  composita — t.  of  Bark,  Huxham's, 
Tinctura  cinchonae  composita  —  t.  of  Bark,  vola- 
tile, Tinctura  cinchona;  ammoniata  —  t.  of  Bella- 
donna, Tinctura  belladonnae — t.  of  Benzoin,  com- 
pound, Tinctura  benzoini  composita  —  t.  Bestu- 
chefF's,  see  Tinctura  ferri  muriatis — t.  of  Blistering 
fly,  Tinctura  cantharidis  —  t.  of  Bloodroot,  Tinc- 
tura sanguinariae —  t.  of  Buchu,  Tinctura  buchu 

—  t.  of  Camphor,  compound,  Tinctura  camphorae 
composita  —  t.  of  Cantharides,  Tinctura  cantha- 
ridis —  t.  of  Capsicum,  Tinctura  capsici  —  t.  of 
Cardamoms,  Tinctura  cardamomi  —  t.  of  Carda- 
moms, compound,  Tinctura  cardamomi  composita 

—  t.  Cardiac,  Rymer's,  Tinctura  rhei  et  aloes — t. 
of  Cascarilla,  Tinctura  casearillse  —  t.  of  Castor, 
Tinctura  castorei — t.  of  Castor,  compound,  Tinc- 
tura castorei  composita  —  t.  of  Catechu,  Tinctura 
catechu  —  t.  of  Cayenne  pepper,  Tinctura  capsici 

—  t.  of  Cbiretta,  Tinctura  chiretta;  —  t.  of  Cin- 
chona, Tinctura  cinchonas — t.  of  Cinchona,  com- 
pound, Tinctura  cinchonae  composita  —  t.  of  Cin- 
namon, Tinctura  cinnamomi  —  t.  of  Cinnamon, 
compound,  Tinctura  cinnamomi  composita — t.  of 
Cochineal,  Tinctura  cocci  cacti — t.  of  Colchicum, 
compound,  Spiritus  colchici  aiumoniatus — t.  of 
Colchicum  seeds,  Tinctura  colchici — t.  of  Coluni- 
bo,  Tinctura  calumbic  —  t.  of  Croton,  Tinctura 
crotonis — t.  of  Cubebs,  Tinctura  cubebaB  —  t.  of 
Digitalis,  Tinctura  digitalis  —  t.  of  Ergot,  Tinc- 
tura ergotae  —  t.  of  Ergot,  ethereal,  Tinctura  er- 
gotae  aethere.a — t.  of  Galbanum,  Tinctura  galbani 

—  t.  of  Galls,  Tinctura  gallarum  —  t.  of  Gentian, 
compound,  Tinctura  gentiana;  composita — t.  of 
Ginger,  Tinctura  zingiberis — t.  for  the  Gout,  Dr. 
Wilson's,  see  Colchicum  autumnale — t.  of  Guaia- 
cum,  Tinctura  guaiaci  —  t.  of  Guaiacum,  ammo- 
niated, Tinctura  guaiaci  ammoniata — t.  of  Guaia- 
cum, volatile,  Tinctura  guaiaci  ammoniata  —  t, 
Hatfield's,  see  Tinctura  guaiaci  ammoniata  —  t. 
of  Hellebore,  black,  Tinctura  hellebori  —  t.  of 
Hellebore,  white,  Tinctura  veratri  —  t.  of  Hem- 
lock, Tinctura  conii  —  t.  of  Henbane,  Tinctura 
hyoscyami  —  t.  of  Hops,  Tinctura  humuli — t.  of 
Indian  hemp,  Tinctura  cannabis  Indicae  —  t.  of 
Iodine,  Tinctura  iodini — t.  of  Iodine,  compound, 
Tinctura  iodini  composita — t.  of  Iron,  acetate  of, 
Tinctura  ferri  acetatis  —  t.  of  Iron,  ammoniated, 
Tinctura  ferri  ammoniata — t.  of  Iron,  ammonio- 
chloride  of,  Tinctura  ferri  ammonio-chloridi — t. 
of  Iron,  muriated,  Tinctura  ferri  muriatis — t.  of 
Jalaj),  Tinctura  jalapii — t.  of  Kino,  Tinctura  kino 

—  t.  Klaproth's,  see  Tinctura  ferri  muriatis  —  t. 
of  Lactucarium,  Tinctura  lactucarii — t.  of  Lemon 
peel,  Tinctura  limonis  —  t.  of  Lobelia,  Tinctura 
loheliae — t.  of  Lobelia,  ethereal,  Tinctura  lobeliao 
aetherea — t.  of  Ludwig,  see  Ferrum  tartarizatum 
— t.  of  Lupuline,  Tinctura  lupulin* — t.  of  Matico, 
Tinctura  matico — t.  of  Musk,  Tinctura  moschi — 
t.  of  Myrrh,  Tinctura  myrrhae — t.  Nervous,  Bes- 
tucheff's,  Tinctura  seu  alcohol  sulphurico-a'the- 
reus  ferri  —  t.  of  Nux  vomica,  Tinctura  nucii? 
vomicae — t.  of  Oil  of  Peppermint,  Tinctura  olei 
menthae  piperitae  —  t.  of  Oil  of  Spearmint,  Tinc- 
tura olei  menthae  viridis  —  t.  of  Opium.  Tinctura 
opii — t.  of  Opium,  acetated,  Tinctura  opii  acetata 
— t.  of  Opium,  ammoniated,  Tinctura  opii  ammo- 
niata— t.  of  Opium,  camphorated,  Tinctura  cam- 
phorae composita — t.  of  Orange  peel,  Tinctura 
aurantii  —  t.  of  Quassia,  Tinctura  quassia^  —  t.  of 
Quassia,  compound,  Tinctura  quassiue  composita 

—  t.  of  Quinia,  sulphate  of.  Tinctura  quinije  sul- 
phatis — t.  of  Quinia,  compound,  Tinctura  quiniae 
couiposita — t.  of  Rhatany,  Tinctura  krameriae— 


TINDER 


920 


TISSUE 


t.  of  Hhiibarl),  Tinctura  rhei — t.  of  Rhubarb  and 
aloes,  Tiiu-tura  rhei  et  aloes — t.  of  Rhubarb,  com- 
pound,  Tinctura  rhei  coinposita — t.  of  Rhubarb 
iind  gentian,  Tinctura  rhei  et  gentianie  —  t.  of 
Rhubarb  and  senna,  Tinctura  rhei  et  sennas  — t. 
(if  Saffron,  Tinctura  croci  sativi  —  t.  of  Saffron, 
compound,  Tinctura  de  croco  couiposita — t.  of 
i^enna,  Tinctura  senna-  —  t.  of  Senna  and  jalap, 
Tinctura  sennaj  et  jalapas — t.  of  Snake  root,  Tinc- 
tura  serpentariie — t.  of  Soap,  camphorated,  Lin- 
imentum  saponis  —  t.  of  Spanish  fly,  Tinctura 
lantharidis — t.  of  Spearmint,  Tinctura  olei  men- 
tliae  viridis — t.  of  Squill,  Tinctura  scillae  —  t.  of 
Steel,  Tinctura  ferri  niuriatis — t.  Stomach,  Tinc- 
tura cardamomi  composita  —  t.  of  Stramonium, 
Tinctura  stramonii  —  t.  of  Strychnia,  Tinctura 
sirychnias  —  t.  for  the  Teeth,  Greenough's,  see 
Spiritus  armoracife  compositus  —  t.  Toothache, 
Tinctura  antiodontalgica — t.  of  Valerian,  Tinctura 
valerianiB — t.  of  Valerian,  ammoniated,  Tinctura 
Valerianae  ammoniata  —  t.  of  Valerian,  volatile, 
Tinctura  Valerianae  ammoniata — t.  of  Wormwood, 
compound,  Tinctura  absinthii  composita. 

TINDER,  Boletus  igniarius. 

TINEA,  Porrigo — t.  Faciei,  Porrigo  larvalis — 
t.  Favosa,  Porrigo  favosa  —  t.  Ficosa,  Porrigo 
scutulata  —  t.  Furfuracea,  Porrigo  furfurans  —  t. 
Granulata,  Porrigo  scutulata,  Porrigo  lupinosa — 
t.  Lactea,  Porrigo  larvalis  —  t.  Lupina,  Porrigo 
lupinosa — t.  Mucosa,  Porrigo  lupinosa — t.  Porri- 
ginosa,  Porrigo  furfurans  —  t.  Tarsi,  Ophthalmia 
tarsi  — t.  Tondens,  Porrigo  decalvans. 

TINGLING,  from  tiunire,  'to  jingle.'  (Sc.) 
Dirlititj.  A  sharp,  purring  or  thrilling  sensation, 
not  always  painful. 

TINKER'S  WEED,  Triosteum. 

TINKLING,  METALLIC,  Tiutement  metal- 
lic ne. 

TINNIMENTUM  METALLICUM,  Tiutement 
vietdlliqiie. 

TINNI'TUS  AU'RIUM,  {tinnio,  tiunitum,  'to 
tinkle,')  '  ringing  of  the  ears.'  Fluctua'tio  seu 
Soii'itus  seu  Siisur'rus  seu  Sib'ili(s  seu  Strep'itus 
seu  Sibilismns  au'ritim,  Paracu'sis  imiigina'ria, 
Ote'ehuK,  Syrig'mus,  Si/riiKj'nios,  Sibilits  clango'- 
sim,  Echon,  Eneche'ma,  Bombtin,  Biinibitdtio,  Mur- 
mur, (F.)  Tivtemcnt,  T.  d'OreiUe,  Tiiitottin,  Boiir- 
rloiiiiement,  Bruisiement.  An  imaginary  sound, 
like  the  ringing  of  a  bell,  the  noise  of  wind,  the 
jiiurmur  of  water,  <fec.,  heard  in  health  and  in  sick- 
ness. It  is,  often,  an  accompaniment  of  cerebral 
disorder. 

TINTEMENT,  Tinnitus  aurium— «.  Bullaire, 
T.  metalllqne. 

TINTEMENT  3fETALLlQUE(¥.),  Cliquetie 
nietalliqite,  Tiutement  bullaire,  Tinnimei>'tum  me- 
liil'licum,  Cnnnr  stethoscop'icus,  Metallic  Respira- 
tion, 3fetallic  Voice,  Metallic  Tin/cling.  A  par- 
ticular noise,  heard  by  the  stethoscope  when  ap- 
plied to  the  chest,  and  which,  according  to  La- 
ciinec,  resembles  that  caused  by  striking  glass, 
metal,  or  porcelain,  with  a  pin  ;  but  is,  perhaps, 
more  like  the  sound  of  the  keys  of  a  musical 
snuff-box.  The  tiutement  viitallique  or  metallic 
tinkling  is  heard  on  causing  the  patient  to  speak 
or  breathe ;  but  is  more  distinct  when  he  coughs. 
■\\'hen  the  phenomenon  is  not  so  strongly  marked, 
it  produces  only  the  metallic  resonance.  The 
'  metallic  tinkling'  is  a  pathognomonic  symptom 
of  a  communication  between  the  bronchia  and 
cavity  of  the  chest;  in  other  words,  of  Pneumo- 
thorax. 

TINTEMENT  D' OREILLE,  Tinnitus  au- 
rium. 

TINTINNABULUM,  Uvula. 

TINTOUIN,  Tinnitus  aurium. 

TIPFOOT,  see  Kyllosis. 

TIPSARIA,  Deeoctum  hordei. 

TIRE-BALLE,  Forceps  (bullet.) 


TIRE-FOND  (F.).  A  surgical  instrument, 
formerly  used  to  elevate  the  piece  of  bono  sawed 
off  by  the  trephine. 

TIRE-Prs,  Pyulcon. 

TIRE-T^TE  (F.).  A  name  given  to  different 
instruments  used  for  extracting  the  head  of  the 
child  when  left  in  the  uterus,  and  in  certain  cases 
of  difficult  labour.  The  crotchet  is  one  of  those, 
as  well  as  the  Tire-lete  d  buvcule  of  Levret,  Ac. 

TIRES,  Milk  sickness. 

TISANE,  Pti'saiia  or  Ptis'sana,  Plihane,  from 
TcTtaavri,  'pearl  barley,'  itself  from  nrcaow,  'I  de- 
corticate.' (F.)  Hydrole.  A  name  given  to 
aqueous  medicines,  containing  but  little,  if  any, 
medicinal  agent.  The  ancients  gave  the  name 
particularly  to  the  decoction  of  barley. 

TISANE  COMMUNE,  Deeoctum  hordei. 

TISANE  DE  FELTZ.  A  celebrated  anti- 
syphilitic,  formed  of  sareaparillu,  ixinglasii,  sul- 
phuret  of  antimony  and  water,  boiled  together. 
According  to  some,  bichloride  of  mercury;  and, 
to  others,  arsenic  enters  into  its  composition.  M. 
Rayer,  supposing  that  it  acts  by  the  arsenic  it  eon- 
tains,  proposes  to  replace  it  by  arseniate  of  potassa; 
and  Guibourt,  who  is  of  the  same  opinion,  by  ar- 
senious  acid,  in  order  to  ensure  certaintj-  of  action. 

TISIC,  Phthisis. 

TISICAL,  Phthisicus. 

TISSICK,  see  Phthisic. 

TISSU,  Tissue — t.  Accidental,  see  Accidental, 
and  Tissue,  accidental  —  t.  Cai-emeux,  Cavernous 
texture — t.  Celluleux  den  us,  Cancelli — t.  Cmijonc- 
tif.  Cellular  tissue  —  t.  luodulaire,  Tissue,  inodu- 
lar — t.  Jauue,  see  Fibrous  —  t.  Lardace,  see  Lar- 
daceous — t.  Spougo'ide,  Spongoid  tissue. 

TISSUE,  Tex'tus,  Tela,  (F.)  Tist'u.  By  this 
term,  in  anatomy,  is  meant  the  various  parts, 
which,  by  their  union,  form  the  organs  ;  and  are, 
as  it  were,  their  anatomical  elements.  Histological 
anatomy  is  the  anatomy  of  the  tissues,  which  are 
the  seat  of  the  investigations  of  the  pathological 
anatomist.  The  best  division,  indeed,  of  diseases 
would  be  according  to  the  tissues  mainly  impli- 
cated. For  the  elementary  tissues,  seo  Fibre. 
The  compound  tissues,  which,  by  associating  or 
combining  variously,  form  every  organ  of  the 
body,  have  been  variously  classed :  but  every 
division  is  imperfect  and  liable  to  objection.  The 
following,  by  Messrs.  Todd  and  Bowman,  is  one 
of  the  most  recent. 

Tabiilar  Vniw  of  the  Tissues  of  the  Human  Body. 
Examphs, 

1.  Simple  membrane,  homoifene-l  Posterior   layer  of 

ous,  or  nearly  so.  empioyed  I  '*'?  cornea  Cap- 
alone,  or  iu  the  formation  off  ^"''-'  °*  '*'"  '«"'•- 
compound  membranes.  J-arco  uinnia        of 

J    muscle.  &c. 

2.  Filamentous    Tissues,   the  ele-l  Wliitc  and  yellow 

mcnts  of  which  are  real  or  >  fibrous  tissues. — 
apparent  filaments.  j    Areolar  tissue. 

3.  Compound    membranes,     oom-~)  ,,  , 

posed  of  simple  membrane  P'"™".' '"'^S"'""« 
and  a  layer  of  cells  of  various  ~'  '''^'."•—  -l rue  or 
forms,  (epithelium  or  epider-  f  s<'"-en'>g  i?  ands. 
mis.)  or  of  areolar  tissue  and  "^"""^  and  syn- 
epithelium.  J    °'''"'  membraues. 

4.  Tissues   which  retain   the  pri- 1  Adipose     tissue.  — 

mitive  areolar  structure  as  >  Cartilage.  —  Gray 
their  permanent  character,     j    nervous  matter. 

5.  Sclerous  or  hard  tissue.  Boue. — Teeth. 

6.  Compound  tissues. 

a.  Composed  of  tubes  of  homogc-1 

neous  membrane,  containing  vllu.scle. — Nerve. 

a  peculiar  substance.  j 

h.  Composed  of  white  fibrous  tis-  (  „-,  .., 

sues  and  cartilage.  j  ^'broKJartilage. 

Tissue,  Accidental  or  AnvENTiTioiis,  consists 
of  every  substance  —  foreign  to  the  primitive  or- 
ganization of  the  economy,  but  yet  organized  sind 
living  —  which  may  be  develojted  in  the  anterior 
or  at  the  surface  of  organs.  Laennec  divides  the 
accidental   tissues  into   two  sections :   1.  Thoso 


TIT 


921 


TONGUE 


that  resemble  others  in  the  animal  economy,  or 
fiiialotjouH  uccideiital  tineuci ;  and,  2.  Those  that 
have  nothing  analogous  in  tlic  hody,  and  which 
are  always  the  result  of  a  morbid  process  —  the 
heleinlotjowi  or  heleroclite  aicitleiitttl  tinKiien.  To 
the  first  class  belong,  ossifications;  accidental 
fibrous,  fibro-cartilaginous,  cartilaginous,  areolar, 
and  corneous  tissues ;  hairs ;  the  serous  mein- 
liranes  of  certain  encysted  tumours  ;  the  mucous 
membranes  of  fistulous  canals,  and  accidental 
eynovial  membranes.  To  the  second  belong  tu- 
bercles, scirrhi,  melanosis,  <fec. 

Tissue,  Aheolar,  Cellular  tissue. 

Tissue,  Cartilag"inous,  Bymenochondro'deH 
seu  Nymenochondrtn'des  {Texttira  seu  Tela.) 

Tissue,  Connkctive,  Cellular  tissue  —  t.  Crib- 
riform, Cellular  tissue — t.  Fibrous,  see  Fibrous — 
t.  Filamentous,  Cellular  tissue. 

Tissue  Fohmatio.n,  Histogeny. 

Tissue,  I.nod'ulau,  Tela  iuodidn'rh,  (F.)  Ino- 
dide,  Tinsn  iiiodidaire.  A  name  given  by  Del- 
pech  to  an  accidental  fibrous  tissue  developed  in 
suppurating  wounds,  which  is  the  principal  agent 
in  cicatrization.  It  has,  at  first,  the  appearance 
(if  a  reddish  cellulo-fibrous  layer;  but  soon  loses 
its  vascularity  ;  and  its  fibres,  which  pass  in  all 
directions,  become  of  a  dull  white  colour,  and  of 
a  consistence  and  hardness,  that  may  be  com- 
pared to  those  of  the  strongest  articular  liga- 
ments. It  is  well  seen  in  the  cicatrix  left  after 
burns. 

Tissue,  Laminated,  Cellular  tissue  —  t.  Liga- 
mentous, Desmoid  tissue  —  t.  Mucous,  Cellular 
tissue — t.  Porc)us,  Cellular  tissue — t.  Reticulated, 
Cellular  tissue.  ^ 

TIT,  Nipple. 

TITHKNE,  Nurse. 

TITIIYMALUS  CYPARISSTAS.  Euphorbia 
cyparissias  —  t.  Lathyris,  Euphorbia  lathyris  —  t. 
Latifolius,  Euphorbia  lathyris  —  t.  Palustris,  Eu- 
phorbia palustris  —  t.  Paralias,  Euphorbia  para- 
lias. 

TITILLAMENTUM,  Gargarism. 

TITILLATION,  Tickling. 

TITTHE,  Nipple. 

TITTIIION,  Nipple. 

TITTIIIS,  Nipple. 

TITTllOS,  Mamma,  Nipple. 

TITTY,  Mamma,  Nipple. 

TITUBANTIA,   Bredouilhment. 

TITUBATIO,  Fidgets,  Vacillatio— t.  Linguae, 
Balbuties. 

TJETTEK,  Upas  ticutg. 

TO-AND-FRO-SOUND,  Brn!t  de  frottement. 

TOAD-FLAX,  Antirhinum  linaria  —  t.  f.  Bas- 
tard, Comandra  uuibellata. 

TOAST-WATER,  Aqua  tostm  pmiis.  Toast 
■well  half  a  slice  of  a  stale  quartern  loaf;  put  it 
into  a  pitcher,  and  pour  over  it  a  quart  of  water. 
After  two  hours,  decant  the  water  from  the  bread. 
It  is  a  common  drink  in  febrile  afi"ections. 

TOBACCO,  Nicotiana  tabacum  —  t.  English, 
Nicotiana  rustica — t.  Indian,  Lobelia  inflata  — 
(.  Poison,  Ilyoscyamus  niger  —  t.  Wild,  Lobelia 
inflata,  Nicotiana  rustica. 

TOCETOS.  Parturition. 

TOCODOMYCODORITIS  MALIGNA  VAGI- 
NALIS, Colpocace  puerperarum. 

TOCOLOGY,  Obstetrics. 

TOCOS,  Parturition. 

TODDY.  A  name  given,  by  the  English,  to 
sweet,  delicious  and  refreshing  liquors  procured 
in  India  by  wounding  the  npitthcB  of  certain 
palms.  The  best  is  obtained  from  the  Cocos  nu- 
cifera. — Ainslie. 

It  is  obtained  in  large  quantities  from  Sague'- 
nu  mic'chitrifer  sea  Humphii,  Pnlma  In'dica  ri- 
ua'ria  secuu'dn,  Sa</iie'rus  seu  Gomu'ttis  Gumu'to, 


Areii'</n  saccTiari/'era,  Gonnito  palm.  It  is  called, 
also,  Neva,  and,  by  boiling,  yields  a  coarse  kind 
of  sugar,  called  Jayijerij.  The  inhabitants  of  the 
Moluccas  used,  in  their  wars,  a  liquor  obtained 
by  macerating  the  fruit,  which  the  Dutch  called 
Ucll  icater,  Aqua  infenia'lia. 

Toddy  is  also  the  common  name  for  a  mixture 
of  spirit  and  water  sweetened. 

Tonnv  Tree,  Mamei. 

TOE,  Digitus  pedis. 

TOEPLITZ,  see  Toplitz. 

TOFUS,  Tophus. 

TOILE  D' A  RAW  NEE,  Aranea  tela— <.  Cho- 
ro'idicinie,  see  Choroid — t.  de  Guutiev,  Sparadra- 
pum  Galteri. 

TOKAS,  Puerpera. 

TOKEN,  PLAGUE,  Plague  token. 

TOKOLOGY,  Obstetrics. 

TOLA,  Tonsil. 

TOL'ERANCE.  Tideran'tia;  from  tolerare,  'to 
bear.'  The  power  of  bearing.  A  word  used  by 
the  Italian  school  of  Rasori,  to  signify  the  power 
of  bearing  large  doses  of  certain  potent  remedies, 
as  tartrate  of  antimony  and  potassa.  See  Con- 
tro-stimulus. 

TOLES,  Tonsil. 

TOLIUM,  Tonsil. 

TOLLES,  Tonsil. 

TOLLUM,  Tonsil. 

TOLUIF'ERA  BAL'SAMUM.  iVyror'ylon  sen 
Jlfyioipernium  Toluif'erum.  Ord.  Leguminosae. 
Stx.  Syut.  Decandria  Monogynia.  The  name  of 
the  tree  which  aff"cirds  the  Balsam  of  Tulii,  Bal- 
eaiiinni  Toluia'mim  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Toliila'iitun,  To- 
Inif'ercK  Bahanii  Bahamum,  Goac'oiiaz,  Bed  Bal- 
sam of  Peru,  (F.)  Baunie  de  Tulu,  B.  de  Cartha- 
(/eiie  ou  d'Anierique  ou  de  Saiut  Thimias.  It  has 
a  very  fragrant  odour,  and  warm,  sweetish  taste; 
is  thick,  and  of  a  reddish-yellow  colour.  It  ia 
stimulant  and  expectorant  [?],  and  is  used  in 
coughs.  It  is  chiefly,  however,  employed  on  ac- 
count of  its  flavour. 

TOLUTANUM,  see  Toluifera  balsamum. 

TOMACINUM,  Isicium. 

TOMACULUM,  Isicium. 

TOM  ATA,  Solanum  lycopersicum. 

TOMATO,  Solanum  lycopersicum. 

TO.MG,  Tom' us,  Toftr),  Touoi,  'incision.'  A  com- 
mon suffix,  as  in  Lithofowi^,  Broncho<o7Hy,  <tc. 

ToMR,  Cut,  Incision. 

TOMETON,  Knife. 

TOMEN'TUM  CER'ERRL  from  tomenfum,  'a 
flock  of  wool.'  The  infinite  number  of  small  ves- 
sels which  pass  between  the  pia  mater  and  con- 
volutions of  the  brain.  They  enter  the  substance 
of  the  brain  at  right  angles. 

TOMEUS,  Knife. 

TOMIS,  Scissors. 

TOMOTOCIA.  Csesarean  section. 

TOM-TOE,  Pollex.  see  Digitus  pedis. 

TONE,  Tonus,  Toioi,  from  tovoui,  'I  brace  or 
give  vigour.'  The  state  of  tension  or  firmness 
proper  to  each  organic  tissue.  It  is  the  effect  of 
tonicity. 

Tone,  see  Elasticity. 

TONGA,  see  Datura  sangninea. 

TONGRES,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
town  of  Tongres  is  about  a  league  from  IMaes- 
tricht  in  the  Low  Countries.  The  springs,  of 
which  there  are  several,  are  chalybeate,  contain- 
ing carbonates  of  iron  and  magnesia. 

T0N(5UE,  Sax.  runs.  (D.)  Tong,  Lingua, 
Glossa,  Glotta,  (F.)  Lauf/ue.  The  tongue  is  a 
muscular,  symmetrical,  and  very  mobile  organ  ; 
situate  in  the  mouth,  from  the  os  hyoides  and 
epiglottis  to  the  incisor  teeth.  Its  particular  use 
is,  to  procure  the  sensation  of  savours;  and  it 
aids  in  the  acts  of  sucking,  mastication,  degluti- 
tion, pronunciation,  and  expuition.     It  has   the 


TONIC 


922 


TOOTH 


shape  of  a  jiyramid,  flattened  above  and  below ; 
rounded  at  its  angles,  and  terminated,  anteriorly, 
by  a  blunt  point.  Its  upper  surface,  called  the 
dorsum,  is  free,  flat,  and  divided  into  two  portions 
by  a  median  furrow,  lin'ea  media' iia;  at  the  pos- 
terior extremity  of  which  is  the  foramen  ccecuin 
or  Foramen  of  Jforya(/iii.  The  inferior  surface 
is  free,  and  covered  by  the  mucous  membrane  on 
its  anterior  third  and  sides:  but  behind  and  in 
the  middle  it  is  attached  to  the  lower  jaw  by 
means  of  the  genio-glossus ;  and  to  the  hyoides 
by  the  hyoglossus.  Its  mart/ius  are  rounded ; 
thick  behind,  thinner  anteriorly.  Its  tip,  or  point, 
or  dental  extremity  is  rounded  and  free:  —  the 
root,  base,  or  hyoid  extremity,  Radix  lingucB,  is 
continuous  with  the  epiglottis  and  velum  palati. 
It  is  very  thick  at  the  foramen  caecum  ;  but  thin- 
ner as  it  approaches  the  hyoid  bone.  The  tongue 
is  composed  of  muscles,  and  covered  by  a  mucous 
membrane  —  Periylot'tis,  Involu'crum  liuguce, 
Jtfembra'na  seu  Tu'nica  vagiua'lis  seu  Cutis  seu 
Epider'mis  seu  Tu'nica  seu  Involu'crum  muco'sum 
seu  Crusta  villo'sa  lingua — which  forms  also  the 
fraenum  beneath  the  tongue.  On  this  membrane 
are  seen  the  different  papillm.  The  nerves  of  the 
organ  proceed  from  the  inferior  maxillary,  glosso- 
j)harynrjeal  and  hypoglossal.  The  first  and  second 
are  connected  with  taste;  the  last  with  the  mo- 
tions of  the  organ.  Some  recent  observers,  how- 
ever, consider  the  glosso-pharyngeal  to  be  the 
special  nerve  of  gustation.  The  arteries  are  the 
lingual,  from  the  external  carotid  ;  and  the  ]iala- 
tine  and  tonsillar,  from  the  labial.  The  veins 
are  the  superfcialis  lingua,  ranina,  lingnalis,  and 
suhmentalis.  They  open  into  those  of  the  pharynx 
and  larynx.  Its  lymphatic  vessels  pass  into  gang- 
lia, situate  at  the  edge  of  the  hyoglossi  muscles. 

Tongue,  Black.  A  fever  which  prevailed  in 
the  Western  States  in  the  winter  of  1842-3;  pro- 
bably typhoid  fever.  According  to  some,  an  epi- 
demic erysipelas. 

Tongue,  Hernia  op  the,  Glossocele — t.  In- 
flammation of  the,  Glossitis  —  t.  Red,  fever,  see 
Typhus. 

Tongue  Scraper,  Cure-langue  —  t.  Tie,  see 
Ankyloglossum. 

TON'IC,  Ton'icns,  (F.)  Tonique.  Same  ety- 
mon as  Tone.     Relating  to  tone. 

Tonic,  Ton'icns,  Tono'ticns,  Antastken'ieua,  (F.) 
Tonique,  Fortifiant,  in  Therapeutics,  means  a 
medicine,  which  has  the  power  of  exciting  slowly. 
and  by  insensible  degrees,  the  organic  actions  of 
the  different  systems  of  the  animal  economy,  and 
of  augmenting  their  strength  in  a  durable  man- 
ner. Bitter,  vegetable  substances  which  are  not 
associated  with  an  acrid  or  narcotic  principle; 
preparations  of  iron  ;  cold  water,  &o.,  act  as 
tonics.  They  are  also  called  Comfortan' tia,  Con- 
fortnti'va,  Corroboran' tia,  Oonfrman'tia,  Robo- 
ran'tia,  <fee. 

The  following  are  the  chief  Tonics: — Acidum 
Arseniosum,  Acidum  Nitricum,  Acidum  Sulphu- 
ricum,  Argenti  Nitras,  Bismuthi  Subnitras,  Carbo 
Ligni,  Cascarilla,  Cinchona,  Cinchonia,  Colomba, 
Cornus  Florida,  Cupri  Acetas,  Cupri  Sulphas, 
Cuprum  ammoniatum,  Cusparia,  Eupatorium  per- 
foliatura,  Ferri  Praeparata,  Gentiana,  Lirioden- 
dron,  Lupulina,  Piperina.  Prunus  Virginiana, 
Quassia,  Quinia,  Salix,  Salicina,  Serpentaria,  Zinci 
praeparata  ;  Aquae  minerales  acidulae  et  ferrugi- 
niae,  Mental  Tonics,  (Confidence,  Hope,  Amuse- 
ment.) 

Tonic  Power,  Irritability. 

Tonic  Spasm,  Spasmus  tou'icus,  Oonvnl'sio  to- 
nica,  Conductio,  S/jas'ticns,  Tonos,  Ento'nia,  En'- 
tasis,  Enta'sia.  A  rigid  contraction  of  muscles 
without  relaxation,  as  in  trismus,  tetanus,  Ac. 
See  Tetanus  and  Spasm. 

TONICITY,    Tonic"itaa.     Same  etymon  as 


Tone.  The  faculty  that  determines  the  general 
tone  of  the  solids.  Excessive  tonicity  causes 
er' elitism  or  crispness ;  deficient  tonicity,  atony 
or  weakness.  Tonicity  has  been  used  iu  the  same 
sense  as  irritability. 

TONIQUE,  Tonic. 

TONKA  BEAN,  Dipterix  odorata. 

TON  ODES,  Tensive. 

TONOS,  Tonic  spasm  — t.  Trismus,  Trismus. 

TONOTICUS,  Tonic. 

TONSIL,  Tonsil'la,  Amyg'daJa,  Paristh'min, 
Paristh'minm,  Amplribran'chium,  (llau'dulo  colli. 
Tola,  Tolles,  Tohs,  To'lium,  ToUum,  Spon.jns, 
An'tias,  PI.  Anti'ndcs,  Almond  of  tlie  ear,  Ahuond 
of  the  throat,  (F.)  Amygdale,  Tonsille,  (Prov.) 
Ear-kecker.  An  ovoid  collection  of  follicles, 
about  half  an  inch  in  length,  similar  in  sha|)e  to 
an  almond,  and  situate,  on  each  side,  between 
the  pillars  of  the  velum  palati.  The  inner  sur- 
face, projecting  into  the  isthmus  of  the  throat,  is 
covered  by  the  mucous  membrane,  in  which  are 
the  orifices  of  a  dozen  cells,  whence  a  transparent, 
viscid  mucus  oozes  on  pressure.  This  mucus  is 
destined  to  facilitate  deglutition,  by  lubricating 
the  isthmus  faucium  ;  and  is  forced  out  during 
the  passage  of  the  alimentary  bolus. 

TONSIL-GUILLOTINE,  Amygdalatomo. 

TONSILLE  PESTILENTES,  Cynanche  ma- 
ligna. 

TONSILLARUM  GANGR^NA,  Cynanche 
maligna. 

TONSILLE,  Tonsil. 

TONSILLIT'IC,  Tonsillit'icus.  Belonging  or 
relating  to  the  tonsils  ;  as  the  'tonsillitic  branches 
of  the  glosso-pharyngeal  nerve.' 

TONSILLITIS,  Cvnanche  tonsillaris. 

TONSIL L 0 TOME,  A mygdala tome. 

TONSORIUS  CULTER,  Razor. 

TOODLE,  Tooth. 

TOOTH.  Sax.  co»,  Dens,  Odous,  (Prov.)  Too. 
die,  (F.)  Dent.  The  teeth,  Dentes,  llord'ices,  are 
small,  hard  bones,  fixed  in  the  alveoli  of  each 
jaw,  and  serving  to  lay  hold  of,  and  to  cut,  tear, 
and  triturate  alimentary  substances.  True  teeth 
are  found  only  in  man,  the  mammalia,  reptiles, 
and  fish.  The  teeth  have,  in  general,  the  shape 
of  an  irregular  cone,  the  base  of  which  is  towards 
the  interior  of  the  mouth;  and  the  aj)ex,  single 
or  divided,  towards  the  bottom  of  the  alveoli. 
Each  tooth  has  a  part  situate  out  of  the  alveolus, 
and  covered  by  a  vitriform  substance.  This  part 
is  called  the  crown  or  coro'na.  It  is  bounded  by 
a  narrower  portion,  called  the  cervix,  (F.)  collet, 
which  separates  it  from  the  portion  in  the  alveo- 
lus— the  fang  or  root,  (F.)  racine.  In  the  adult, 
the  teeth  are  32  in  number;  16  to  each  jaw: 
these  consist  of  4  incisors,  2  canine,  4  bicuspidati, 
and  %molares.  (See  these  various  terms.)  The 
teeth  enclose  a  vascular  and  nervous  pulp,  in  a 
central  cavity,  Cav'itae  f'ulpa-,  Cavum  Dentis, 
Antrum  denta'le.  They  are  formed  of  a  very 
hard,  compact  tissue  ;  and  the  corona  is  covered 
by  a  vitreous  substance  called  Enam'cl.  The 
incisor  and  canine  teeth  are  developed  by  a  sin- 
gle point  of  ossification  ;•  the  lesser  molares,  by 
two  ;  and  the  larger,  by  four  or  five.  See  Denti- 
tion. Researches  by  Retzius,  Miiller  and  others, 
have  led  them  to  believe  that,  the  ivory  of  the 
tooth  or  Dentine,  Ebar,  Substan'tia  os'sea  of  Mal- 
pighi,  proper  tooth  substance,  bone  of  the  tooth, 
osseous  substance  of  tooth,  tooth  bone,  consists  of 
tubular  fibres,  which  contain  organic  deposits  of 
calcareous  salts;  and  of  intertubular  substance, 
in  which  are  observed  corpuscles  or  osseous  cells 
of  the  tooth,  called,  by  Professor  Owen,  calcig"- 
erous  cells,  which  also  contain  earthy  salts.  At 
the  part  where  the  enamel  terminates  at  the  cer- 
vix of  the  tooth,  the  crusta  petro'sa,  remeu'lum  or 

cortical   substance,  commences  in  an  extremely 


TOOTH-ACn 


923 


TORULA  CEREVISI.E 


thin  stratum,  passes  down  and  gradually  in- 
creases in  thickness  towards  the  extremity  of  the 
root,  where  it  is  generally  the  thickest.  It  is 
said  by  Nasmyth  to  have  been  traced  on  the  ena- 
mel, and  Purkinje  and  Frankel  thought  that  it 
lined  the  cavitas  pulpae.  They  gave  it  the  name 
SitbiI'Dilid  osto'idea.  It  is  the  mate'n'a  tnrta'rea 
of  Mal|)ighi.  It  has  been  found,  however,  that 
the  hard  substance  deposited  on  the  inner  sur- 
face of  the  dentine,  at  the  age  of  twenty  years  or 
later,  and  which  encroaches  on  the  cavity,  has  a 
distinct  structure  from  the  cement,  and  resembles 
in  part  dentine,  and  in  part  bone.  It  is  the  horny 
tiihHtdiice  of  Blumenbach,  the  oHtendenthie  of 
Owen,  and  the  secottdnri/  dentine  of  Tomes.  In 
the  compound  teeth  of  the  herbivorous  animal,  a 
deposition  is  found  on  the  surface  of  the  enamel, 
which  has  been  called  cenientnm.  Miiller,  how- 
ever, regards  it  to  be  a  deposit  from  the  salts  and 
the  saliva,  and  to  be  essentially  the  same  as  what 
is  called  tartar  in  the  human  sul)ject. 

TOOTH-ACII,  Odontalgia— t.  Bone,  see  Tooth 

—  t.  Bush,  Xanthoxylum  fraxineum  —  t.  Tree, 
Aralia  spinosa,  Xanthoxylum  clava  Herculis. 

TOOTH  EDGE,  Af/ncement  den  dentn,  Ilaemo- 
dia  —  t.  Paste,  Dentifricium  —  t.  Powder,  Denti- 
frice —  t.  Rash,  Strophulus  —  t.  Shell,  dog-like, 
Dentiilium. 

TOPJIA'CEOUS,  TopTin'ceuH,  (F.)  Tophaci; 
from  (dphuK.  Relating  or  belonging  to  tophus, — 
as  '  a  tdphaceoiiii  concretion.' 

TOPHACEOUS  CONCRETION,  Tophus. 

TOPHUS,  TO(/iof,  To/ill,  'a  porous  or  friable 
Btone.'  Onteot'ophus,  Topha'cennn  Concretion.  A 
collection  of  hard,  calcareous  matter,  which  forms, 
particularly,  at  the  surface  of  joints  affected  with 
gout;  (see  Calculi,  arthritic,)  and  occasionally, 
in  the  interior  of  organs,  around  the  teeth,  &c. 
It  likewise  meant  gravel,  and  chalaza. 

TOP'IC,  Top'ical,  Top'icHH.  From  ro-Koq,  locus, 
'a  place.'  A  local  application;  (F.)  Tojn'que. 
See  Local. 

TOPICUS,  Local. 

TOPINARIA,  Talpa. 

TO  PIQUE,  Topic. 

TOPLITZ  or  TEPLITZ,  MINERAL  WA- 
TERS OF.  Toplitz  is  a  town  of  Bohemia,  cele- 
brated for  its  numerous  thermal  springs.  The 
water  contains  chloride  of  sodium  :  carbonate, 
and  sulphate  of  soda;  and  carbonates  of  lime  and 
iron.  Ac.     Temp.  114°  to  122°  Fahr. 

TOPOGRAPHICAL  ANATOMY,  see  Ana- 
tomv. 

TOQUE.  Scutellaria  galericulata. 

TOR'CULAR,  Tourniquet.  A  press  for  wine, 
oil, or  cider.     From  torqueo,  'I  twist.' 

Tor'cuLAR  Hkropii'ilI,  Prena  of  JTernph'ilus, 
Lechenei'on,  Lenoa,  Lenum,  Fourth  Sinua,  (F.) 
Conjluent  dea  Sinua,  Preasoir  d'Herophile.  A 
smooth  and  polished  cavity,  of  irregular  shape, 
in  which  several  sinuses  of  the  dura  mater  meet. 
It  is  situate  before  the  internal  occipital  protube- 
rance, at  the  union  of  the  three  great  duplicatures 
of  the  dura  mater.     It  has  six  openings  into  it; 

—  one  above,  that  of  the  superior  longitudinal 
sinus ;  two  below,  answering  to  the  occipital  si- 
nuses ;  one  anterior,  belonging  to  the  straight 
sinus;  and  two  lateral,  and  very  broad,  which 
lead  into  the  lateral  sinuses ;  and  convey  from 
the  cavity  the  blood  that  has  been  poured  into  it 
by  the  others. 

TORCULUM,  Tourniquet. 

TORDYL'IUM,  T.  Officinn'le,  Sea'eli  Cret'i- 
etim  sou  ^fnuta'n>lm,  (F.)  Sfseli  de  Crete.  Familij, 
UmbelliferiB.  Sex.  S;/at.  Pentandria  Digynia. 
The  seeds  and  roots  of  this  Southern  European 
plant  are  considered  carminative  and  diuretic. 
They  enter  into  the  theriaca. 


TORE'NIA  ASTAT'ICA,  Cala-dolo.  A  small 
Malabar  plant,  the  juice  of  whose  leaves,  sweet- 
ened with  sugar,  is  said  to  cure  gonorrhoea. 

TORMENTIL,  Geranium  maculatum,  Tor- 
mentilla. 

TOR.MENTIL'LA,  T.  erec'ta  seu  sylvea'tria  seu 
officimi'lia  seu  tuhero'an,  Frofja'rin  tormentil'la 
officina'lis,  Potentilln  tormentilta,  Heptaphi/t'him, 
Conaol'ida  rubra.  Common  Tor'mentil,  Uprii/ht 
Sept/oil,  (F.)  Tormenti/le.  Ord.  Rosaceae.  Sex. 
Synt.  Icosandria  Polygynia.  The  root  Tormen- 
tilla  (Ph.  U.S.)  has  a  slightly  aromatic  odour; 
and  austere,  styptic  taste.  It  is  astringent.  Dose, 
of  the  powder,  gr.  x  to  ^j. 

TORMENTUM,  Ileus,  Intussusceptio. 

TOR'MINA,  Strophoa,  Caliol'ipa,  Encwlinl'. 
gia,  Anile'ma,  Anile'sia,  Gripes,  MuIUgruha.  Fret- 
ting, (F. )  Trancheea.  From  torqueo,  'I  twist.' 
Acute  colicky  pains.     Dysentery. 

Tormina  Celsi,  Dysentery  —  t.  Parturientium, 
Pains,  labour — t.  Post  partum,  see  Pains,  labour. 

TORNACULUM,  Tourniquet. 

TOROS'ITAS,  Corpulen'tin  carno'sn,  Hah'itua 
athlet'icus.  Muscular  strength;  from  toronua, 
'  brawny,' — torvs,  '  brawn.' 

TOROSUS,  Muscular. 

TORPEDO,  Narcosis. 

TORPEFACTIO  UNIVERSALIS,  Holonar- 
cosis. 

TORPID,  Tor'pidua,  (F.)  Engourdi ;  from  tor- 
peo,  '  I  am  benumbed.'  Numb.  Incapable  of 
exertion  and  of  feeling.     Dull,  stupid,  inactive. 

TORPIDITAS,  Torpor. 

TORPIDUS,  Narcotized,  Torpid. 

TORPOR,  Torpid'itas,  Nolh' rotes,  Pnrap'sia 
expers,  (F.)  Engourdiasement,  from  torpeo,  'I  am 
benumbed.'  State  of  a  part  which  becomes  numb, 
and  almost  incapable  of  motion.  Torpor,  Tor- 
pid'ity,  Torpid'ness,  Tor'pitude  are  also  applied 
to  a  debilitated,  sluggish  condition  of  a  part, 
or  of  the  whole  of  the  body  ;  Aer'gia,  (F.)  Aecii- 
hlement. 

Torpor,  Narcosis  —  t.  of  the  Colon,  see  Colon, 
torpor  of  the — t.  Intestinorum,  Constipation  —  t. 
Soporificus,  Nocar. 

TORQUAY.  A  town  in  Devonshire,  England, 
which,  on  account  of  the  mildness  of  its  climate, 
and  its  sheltered  situation  from  the  bleaker  winds, 
is  a  frequent  retreat  for  the  phthisical  invalid. 

TOR'SION,  Tor'aio.  From  torquere,  tortnm,  '  to 
twist.'  The  act  of  twisting.  Torsion  of  the  ex- 
tremities of  bleeding  vessels  —  Angios'trophe  — 
until  the  blood  ceases  to  flow,  is  sometimes  used 
to  arrest  hemorrhage. 

TORSK,  see  Oleum  jecoris  aselli. 

TOR  TELLE,  Erysimum. 

TORTICOL'LIS.  Cfiput  seu  CoUum  olsti'pum, 
Obsti'pa  cervix.  Obstip'itas  cap'itis  seu  Colli, 
Trachel'ngra,  Enta'aia  Loxin,  Lox'ins,  Cephn- 
lox'ia,  Ancylode're,  Ancylode'ria,  lihabocm'. 
Ilia,  Anchenorrheu'ma,  llheumntis'mua  colli  seu 
cervi'cia,  Stiffnech,  Wryneck,  (Vroy.)  Slab;  from 
torquere.tortum,  'to  twist,'  and  collum,  '  the  neck.' 
A  variety  of  rheumatism,  seated  in  the  muscles 
of  the  neck,  which  prevents  the  motion  of  the 
head,  and  causes  the  patient  to  hold  it  inclined  to 
the  side  affected.  It  is,  commonh',  of  short  du- 
ration ;  usually  disappearing  in  a  few  days.  Ru- 
befacients are  the  best  topical  applications.  The 
term  is  also  applied  to  permanent  contraction  of 
the  muscles  of  the  neck,  which  causes  the  head 
to  be  held  to  one  side.  The  remedy  is  the  divi- 
sion of  the  contracted  muscles. 

TORTOISE,  FRESHWATER,  GREAT,  Hy- 
draspis  expansa. 

TORTUE,  Testudo. 

TORTURA  ORIS,  Canine  laugh.  Neuralgia 
faciei — t.  Oris  paralvtica  Ijinnwi,  Paralysis,  Bell's. 

TOR'ULA  CEREVIS'I^,  Saccharom'yceas^yx 


TORULUS  GLANDIS 


924 


TRACHELISMUS 


Mycoder'ma  cerevisicE,  Cryplococ'cun  fermenl'xim 
geu  cereviiia;,  (¥.)  Chnmpiyiion  dn  fertnent,  Yeant 
plant.  One  of  the  simplest  forms  of  vegetation, 
capable,  under  favourable  circumstances,  of  vege- 
tating rapidly,  and  assisting  in  producing  the 
fermentation  of  saccharine  substances.  The 
plant  has  been  found  in  vomited  fluids,  and  in 
ikces. 

TORULUS  GLANDIS,  Crown  of  the  glans, 

TORUS,  Muscle  — t.  Manfls,  Metacarpus. 

TO'l'A  BONA,  Chenopodiura  bonus  Henricus. 

TOTSU  KASO,  Sphaeria  Sinensis. 

TOTTY,  Verti>;in.)us. 

TOTUM  CARNOSUM,  Pancreas. 

TOUCH,  Tnctus,  Tac'tio,  Haphe,  ffapsia,  Tac'- 
ti'oii,  Palpa'tion,  (F.)  Toucher.  One  of  the  five 
senses,  and  that  which  makes  known  to  us  the 
palpable  qualities  of  bodies,  such  as  their  con- 
sistence, quality,  &c.  It  is  seated,  particularly, 
in  the  hands;  and  differs  from  tact  in  being 
active.     See  Esaphe,  and  Palpation. 

'  To  touch  the  mouth  with  mercury'  is  to  pro- 
duce the  constitutional  effects  of  that  agent,  as 
evinced  by  the  falling  away  of  the  gums,  &c. 

Touch-me-not,  Impatiens  fulva. 

Touch,  Royal.  It  was  atone  time  almost  uni- 
versally believed,  in  England,  that  the  royal  touch 
Would  remove  Scrofula  or  Kiug'g  Evil  (as  it  was 
thence  called).  This  superstition  is  now  entirely 
exploded.  Edward,  the  Confessor,  was  the  first 
English  king  who  touched  for  the  Evil. 

TOUCHER,  Esaphe,  Touch  —  *.  Vaginal, 
Esaphe. 

TOUCHWOOD,  Boletus  igniarius. 

TOUR  DE  MAITRE,  Coup  de  Maltre. 

TOURBILLON  VASCULAIRE,  Vasa  vaso- 
rum. 

TOURNESOL,  Heliotropium  Europaeum. 

TOURNTOLE,  Paronychia. 

TOUR'NIQUET,  Tor'cular,  Tor'culum,  Tor- 
vnc'ulum,  Proe'lium,  Prcp.'linm,  Pr(p,'liuni  seu  Pre- 
lum arteria'le.  Verticil' lum,  Faa'cia  tor'tilie,  from 
(F.)  tourner,  'to  turn.'  A  surgical  instrument 
for  stopping  the  course  of  blood  in  the  limbs,  by 
exerting  a  strong  compression  upon  the  principal 
artery.  It  was  invented  by  a  French  surgeon, 
Morel,  in  the  middle  of  the  17th  century;  and 
was  modified  subsequently,  by  Nuck,  Verduc, 
Monro,  Petit,  and  Louis.  It  is  used  to  suspend, 
for  a  time,  the  circulation  in  a  limb,  during  great 
operations  ;  to  arrest  arterial  hemorrhage  in  cases 
of  wounds ;  to  compress  certain  aneurismal  and 
other  tumours,  <tc. 

TOUS-LES-MOIS,  Am'ylum  cannn'ceiim, 
C'lnnn  Starch.  A  fecula  obtained  from  the  root 
of  Gonna  edu'lis.  It  resembles  potato  starch, 
and  may  be  substituted  for  arrow-root.  It  is  ob- 
tained from  St.  Kitts. 

TOUT,  Nates. 

TOUTE  BONNE,  Salvia  sclarea. 

TOUTE  EPICE,  see  Myrtus  pimenta  —  <. 
S'liue.  Sanicula. 

TOUX.  Tussis- f.  Bleue,  Pertussis  —  <.  Bron- 
chique,  Bronchial  cough.  Cough,  tubal — t.  Caver- 
tieuHe,  see  Cavernous  respiration  —  t.  Convulsive, 
Pertussis  —  «.  Quinteuxe,  Pertussis — t.  Tulaire, 
Bronchial  cough,  Cough,  tubal. 

TOXIC^MIA,  Toxicohaemia. 

TOXICAL,  Poisonous. 

TOXrCATIO.  Poisoning. 

TOXICODENDRON.  Rhus  toxicodendron. 

TOXICOH^'MIA,  Toxica'mia.  from  toxicum, 
'a  poison,'  and  'ui/ia,  'blood.'  Poisoning  of  the 
blood. — Piorry. 

TOXICOL'OGY,  Toxicolog"ia,  from  toxicum, 
(itself  from  ro^ov,  'a  bow,')  'a  poison,'  and  Aoyoj, 
'a  description.'     A  treatise  on  poisons. 

TOXICO'SES,  (G.;  Toiikosen,  from  toxi- 


cum,  'a  poison.'  A  family  of  diseases,  according 
to  the  classification  of  Fuchs,  caused  by  the  re- 
ception of  poisons  into  the  system. 

TOXICUM,  Poison,  Venom. 

TOXfQUE.  Poisonous. 

TRABECULA  CEREBRI,  Corpus  callosum— 
t.  Cordis,  Columnjfi  carne<«. 

TRABECULiE  CORPORUM  CAVERNOSO- 
RUM,  see  Cavernous  bodies. 

TRABECULE  SPLENIS,  see  Spleen-t.Wil- 
lisii.  Chordae  Willisii. 

TRABES  CORDIS,  Columns  carnea!. 

TRABS,  Penis — t.  Cerebri,  Corpus  cuUusum — 
t.  Medullaris,  Corpus  callosum. 

TRACE,  PRIMITIVE,  Groove,  primitive. 

TRACHE'A,  (generally,  however,  accented 
Tra'chea,)  Trache'a  seu  Trachei'a  nrte'riu,  liron- 
chnu,  As'pera  arteria,  Fis'tuln  upirilua'lin  seU 
pulmonn'lia,  Conna,  Syrin'ga,  Si/rinj-  ;  the  Wind- 
pipe, Wosen,  Weaiond,  M^eesel,  Throttle,  (Sc.) 
Thrnpill,  (Prov.)  Keckcorn,  Keeker,  Thropple,{F.) 
Trochee  artere ;  from  rpa'^f^vs,  'rough,' and  aprijpiu, 
'artery,'  composed  of  anp,  'air,'  and  rripciv,  'to 
keep.'  The  trachea  is  a  cylindrical,  fibro-cnrtila- 
ginous  and  membranous  tube,  flattened  behind, 
and  situate  on  the  median  line,  before  the  verte- 
bral column,  from  the  inferior  part  of  the  larynx, 
as  far  as  the  third  dorsal  vertebra.  There  it 
divides  into  two  branches,  the  bronchia,  which 
separate  to  go  to  each  lung.  The  trachea,  the 
function  of  which  is  to  convey  air  to  the  lungs 
during  respiration,  is  composed,  I.  Of  carti- 
laginous rings,  An'nuli  cartilagin'ei,  Segmen'ia 
cariilagiu'ea,  Orben  ciirtilngino'ni,  incomplete  be- 
hind ;  situate  one  above  the  other,  and  kept  »i» 
situ  by  a  fibrous  membrane.  2.  Of  a  mucous 
membrane,  which  lines  it  internally,  and  contains 
numerous  mucous  follicles.  >3.  Of  transverse 
muscular  fibres,  not  well-marked,  which  occupy 
its  posterior  surface.  4.  Of  vessels,  which  pro- 
ceed from  the  superior  and  inferior  thyroidealj 
and,  5.  Of  nerves,  that  are  given  off  by  the  pneu- 
mogastric  and  the  cervical  ganglia. 

The  breathing  tubes  of  insects  are  termed 
Trachea. 

Trachea  Arteria,  Trachea. 

TRACHEvE,  see  Trachea. 

TRA'CHEAL,  Trachen'lis.  Appertaining  to 
the  trachea.  An  epithet  applied  to  respiration 
as  heard  through  the  stethoscope  opposite  the 
trachea,  larynx,  and  root  of  the  bronchia;  the 
air  appearing  as  if  sucked  in  from  the  cylinder 
during  inspiration,  and  expelled  during  expira- 
tion. 

Tracheal  Glands.  Mucous  follicles  on  the 
posterior  surface  of  the  trachea.  They  are  small, 
flattened  ovoid  bodies. 

TRACHEA'LIS.  The  fibres  of  unstriped  mus- 
cle, which  pass  from  one  portion  of  each  of  the 
tracheal  cartilages  to  the  other,  at  the  posterior 
part  of  the  trachea,  have  been  so  called  by  some 
anatomists.     When  they  contract,  they  apjiroxi- 
mate  the  extremities  of  the  cartilage;  diminish 
the  calibre  of  the  trachea;  and  thus  increase  the 
velocity  of  the  air  forced  through  it,  as  in  cough- 
ing, and  facilitate  the  removal  of  any  irritating 
substance  in  contact  with  the  lining  membrane. 
TRACHEE  ARTERE,  Trachea. 
TRACHEITIS,  Cynanche  trachealis. 
TRACHELAGRA,  Torticollis.     Also,  gout  in 
the  neck. 

TRACHELIAN,  Cervical. 
TRACHELISM'US.  from  Tpa^7)Xov, '  the  neck.' 
A  term  proposed  by  Dr.  Marshall  Hall,  for  a  fan- 
cied spasmodic  action  of  the  muscles  of  the  neck, 
which  ho  esteems  to  be  the  cause  of  many  morbid 
phenomena,  by  inducing  compression  of  the  veins 
of  the  neck  and  an  impeded  return  of  blood  from 
the  head. 


TRACHELITIS 


925 


TRANSFUSION 


TRACIIELITIS,  Cynjinche  traohealis. 
TRACIIELIUM     AMERICANUM,     Lobelia 
canlinulis. 

TltAUHELOrATLOiDO.OCCIPirAL,Oh\\- 

quus  superior  Ciipitis— «.  Atloidfi-buiildhe,  Rectus 
ciipitis  liiteralis  —  <•  i?a*i7«r/e,  Rectus  capitis  in- 
ternus  major  —  (.  liuailuire,  petit,  Rectus  capitis 
inlernus  minor. 

TRACHE'LO-DIAPIIRAGMAT'IC,  Trachelo- 
diaplirti'jmut'iciis.  The  fourtli  pair  of  cervical 
nerves,  wiience  the  phrenio  nerve  chiefly  arises. 
—  Chaussier. 

TRACHfjLO-MASTOjDfEN,  Coraplexus  mi- 
nor —  t.  Occipital,  Coinplexus  —  t.  Scapulaire, 
Levator  scapulae. 

TRACIIELOS,  Collum. 

TRACIIE'O-BRONCIirTIS.  Inflammation 
of  the  trachea  and  bronchia. 

TRACHEOCELE,  Bronchocele. 

TRACIIROPHONY,  Laryngophony. 

TRACHEOPHTIIISLS,  see  Phthisis  laryngea. 

TRACHEOPIIYMA,  Bronchocele. 

TRACHEORRIIAG"IA,  Hamop'toe  seu  Hm- 
ttwp'ti/sia  l<irji»(je'a  et  irachea'lis,  from  rpaxtia, 
'the  trachea,'  and  priywui,  'to  break  forth.'  lla?- 
morrhajre  from  the  traeheii. 

TRACIIEOSTENO'SIS,  'from  rpaxtia,  'the 
trachea,'  and  orcvuerif,  'contraction.'  Contrac- 
tion or  narrowness  of  the  trachea. 

TRACII'EOTOME,  from  trachea,  and  ropr,, 
•incision.'  An  instrument  of  the  trocar  kind, 
for  opening  the  trachea. 

TRACHEOTOMY,  see  Bronchotomy. 

TRACHITIS,  Cynancho  trachealis. 

TRACnO'MA,  from  Tpa-)(vi,  '  rough.'  Anpre'do, 
Aspritn'do,  Pladar'otes,  Axperitn'do,  Sc(thrit"iea, 
Gran'ulnr  conjuiicti'va,  Oran'ulxtr  eyelid,  (F.) 
Aiperite  des  Paiipiires.  A  roughness  of  the  inner 
surface  of  the  eyelids.  A  variety  of  ophthalmia, 
of  which  three  kinds  have  been  designated: — T. 
aabido'sum,  from  sand,  &c.,  getting  between  the 
eyelids ;  T.  caruncnlo'sum,  Pladar'otes,  Plada- 
ro'sis,  llforum  2^"l'p<^br(B  inter'uce,  from  fleshy 
excrescences;  and  T.  herpet'ictim,  from  hard 
pustules  on  the  inner  surface  of  the  eyelids. 
This  last  is,  also,  called  Fico'ms,  and  Pal'pebra 
Jico'sa. 

TRACT,  OPTIC,  see  Optic  nerves  — t.  Respi- 
ratory, see  Respiratory  tract. 

TRACTATIO  MANUARIA,  Surgery. 

TRACTORATION,  Perkinism,  see  Tractors, 
metallic. 

TRACTORS,  METAL'LIC.  Metallic  agents, 
introduced  by  Dr.  Elisha  Perkins,  of  Connecticut, 
about  the  end  of  the  last  century,  to  cure  diseases. 
The  parts  were  rubbed  with  these  tractors,  and 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  cases  were  reported  to 
have  been  cured  by  the  Tractora'tion.  The 
affections,  in  which  they  were  chiefly  used,  were 
local  inflammations,  and  ])ains  in  diff'erent  parts. 
The  good  effects  were,  doubtless,  owing  to  the  in- 
fluence exerted  by  the  mind  over  the  body.  The 
bubble  did  not  exist  long.     See  Perkinism. 

TRACT  US  INTESTINORUM,  Intestinal 
Tube  —  t.  Opticus,  see  Optic  nerves  —  t.  Respi- 
ratorius.  Respiratory  tract. 

Tractus  Spiua'i-is  Foramimiles'tus.  Minute 
openings  at  the  base  of  the  modiolus,  arranged 
in  a  spiral  manner,  which  transmits  the  filaments 
of  the  cochlear  nerve.  The  central  canal  of  the 
Tractus  is  longer  than  the  rest,  and  is  called 
Tu'bulun  cciitra'lis  modi'oll. 

TRADRSCAN'TIA  VIRGIN'ICA,  Spider- 
trorl;  indigenous;  Order,  Commelynaceae  ;  flow- 
ering from^May  to  August.  The  roots  are  de- 
mulcent. 

TRAGACAN'TIIA,  from  rpayos,  *a  goat,'  and 
atav^a,  '  a  thorn,'  owing  to  its    hirsute  boughs. 


Gtimmi  Trngarnn'thn  seu  Antrag'ali  Trngncnnthcf, 
Gum  Trof/acaiilh,  Gum  Pniyoii.  The  concrete 
juice  of  the  Astrayalun  Triigacautha  or  Antraij<i- 
hiH  Verun,  a  native  of  Persia.  Ord.  Leguminosae. 
Ser.  Sy«t.  Diadelphia  Decandria.  (F.)  Gomiiie 
Adraynnt,  Adrogaut,  Adragante,  Adrtiipiulh-: 
This  gum  is  inodorous:  nearly  insipid;  of  a 
whitish  colour;  semi-transparent,  and  striated. 
It  i8  in  thin,  vermiform  pieces  ;  and  dues  not  form 
a  smooth,  uniform  mucilage  with  water.  It  is 
demulcent,  but  is  rarely  used  alone. 

TRAOEA  AROMATICA,  Pulvis  cinnamoml 
compositus. 

TRAG"ICUS,  Tragien  (Ch.),  from  Tragus. 
A  small,  flat,  triangular  muscle  which  almost 
wholly  covers  the  outer  surface  of  the  tragus, 
arising  from  its  base,  and  terminating  at  the  top 
of  the  eminence. 

TRAGIEN,  Tragicus. 

TRAGOMASCIIA'LIA,  Tragomas'chaU,  from 
Tpayoi,  'a  goat,'  and  itaaxa^ri,  'axilla.'  The 
strong  unpleasant  odour  of  the  armpits. 

TRAGOPHONIA,  Egophony. 

TRAGOPO'GON,  liarba  hirci;  from  Tpayoi,  'a 
goat,'  and  nutytav,  '  beard.'  A  genus  of  plants  ; 
Ord.  Cichoracea;.  Sex.  Synt.  Syngenesia  Poly- 
gamia  jJilciualis.  (F.)  Barbe  de  Bouc  ;  of  which 
the  roots  of  the  Tragopogon  porrifc/lium,  Sahiji, 
Oyster  p/atit.  Oyster-root,  (F.)  Salsifis  ou  Cer- 
cifis,  and  the  young  shoots  of  the  T.  pmteti'sf, 
Meadow  Salsifi,  Common  Goat's  Beard,  (F.)  Sal- 
sifis  des  pres,  are  eaten  as  food.  The  root  of  the 
latter  has  been  used  as  a  diuretic. 

TRAGOSELINUM,  Pimpinella  saxifraga  — t, 
Angelica,  Ligusticum  podagraria  —  t.  Magnum, 
Pimpinella  magna  —  t.  Mnjus,  Pimpinella  magna 
—  t.  Saxifraga,  Pimpinella  magna. 

TRAGUS;  rpayos,  'a  goat;'  from  its  being  fur- 
nished, in  some  persons,  with  hair,  like  the  bear<i 
of  a  goat.  Hircus,  Hirquus.  A  small,  flattened, 
triangular  nipple,  situate  before  the  meatus  audi- 
toriu.s  externiis,  which  it  appears  to  conceal.  It 
is  covered  with  hair  in  old  people,  whence  its 
name.  Also,  the  peculiar  goat-like  smell  of  the 
axillre. 

TitAGiTs  Matthioli,  Salsola  kali. 

TRAfXASSE,  Polygonum  aviciilare. 

TRAITEMENT,  Curatio  — (.  Pallialif,  see 
Palliation. 

TRAMIS,  Perinaeum. 

TRANCE,  Catalepsy,  Eestasis. 

TRANCHEES,  Tormina  — r.  Uterines,  Pains, 
after. 

TRANS,  in  composition,  'through,  over,  or 
bevond.' 

TRANSFIGURATIO.  Transformation. 

TRANSFORMA'TION,  Trausforma'tio,  Trans, 
figuni'tio,  Trnnamuta'tio,  JHetiib'ole,  from  trans, 
and  forma,  'form.'     Change  of  form. 

TRANSFORMATIONS  BE  TISSIT,  (F.) 
The  French  pathologists  designate  thus  the 
change  that  occurs  in  an  organ,  the  tissue  of 
which  becomes  similar  to  that  of  another  organ. 
The  chief  transformations  .are  cartilaginous,  osse- 
ous, and  adipous.     See  Tissue. 

TRANSFU'SION,  Transfusio,  3fetach'ysis, 
from  trans/undere  [trans,  audyundere, /usinn,  'to 
pour')  '  to  pour  from  one  vessel  into  another.' 

Transfusio.v  of  Blood,  Transfusio  San'guinia, 
Cura  ]\[tdea'na,  JlellirBmachym' ia,  Hamatume- 
tach'ysis,H(Bmometa(.h'ysis,Diach'ysis,  Transplnn- 
ta'tio  med'ica  nova,  Chirnr'gia  transfnso'rin.  Ex- 
otichatmato'sis.  The  act  of  passing  the  blood  of 
one  animal  into  the  veins  of  another;  an  opera- 
tion which  was  formerly  used  to  fulfil  various 
therapeutical  intentions.  It  has  been  revived  ia 
cases  of  uterine  hemorrhage;  and,  apparently, 
with  some  success. 

The  operation  can   only  be  performed  safely 


TRANSLATION 


926 


TRANSVERSUS   AURIS 


See 


on   animals  having  like   kinds   of  blood. 
Globule. 

TRANSLATION,  Metastasis. 

TRANSMISSIBILITY,  see  Sensibility. 

TRANSMUTATIO.  Transformation. 

TRANSPIRATIO,  Prespiration— t.  Unilatera, 
Heinidiaphoresis. 

TRANSPIRA  TOIRE,  Perspiratory. 

TRANSPLANTA'TIO,  (trans,  and  phmta,)  Me- 
taphi/tei'a.  A  pretended  method  of  curing  dis- 
eases, devised  by  Paracelsus  —  by  making  them 
pass  from  one  individual  to  another,  either  ani- 
mal or  vegetable. 

Transplantatio,  Morioplastice  —  t.  Medica 
nova,  Transfusion. 

Transplanta'tio  Dentis,  I>isit"{o  dentis.  The 
act  of  transplanting  a  tooth  from  one  person  to 
another. 

TRANSPORT,  Delirium. 

TRANSPOSITIO,  Metathesis. 

TRANSPOSIT''ION,  TransposW'io.hom  trans, 
'  over,'  and  ponere,  poaitum, '  to  put.'  Metath'esia. 
Change  of  situation. 

Transposition  op  the  Vis'ckra,  Pohjpe'ria 
promis'cua  translate' va,  Intue  inver'sus,  is  a  con- 
genital vice  of  conformation,  which  consists  in 
the  viscera  being  found  out  of  the  situations  they 
ordinarily  occupy :  the  heart,  for  example,  being 
on  the  right  side  ;  the  liver  on  the  left,  <fcc. 

TRANSUDATIO,  Diapedesis. 

TRANSUDA'TION,  Tranamta'tlo,  (P.)  Trans- 
sudation, from  trans,  '  through,'  and  siidare,  suda- 
tum,  'to  sweat.'  The  passage  of  a  fluid  through 
the  tissue  of  any  organ,  which  may  collect  in 
small  drops  on  the  opposite  surface,  or  evaporate 
from  it. 

Transttdation,  Exosmose. 

TRANSVERSAIRE  EPINEUX,  Transver- 
salis  dorsi — t.  Epineux  du  con,  Semispinalis  colli 
—  t.  Grele,  see  Sacro-lumbalis  —  t.  Epineux  du 
dos,  Semi-spinatus  dorsi. 

TRANSVERSAL  DE  LA  CONQUE,  Trans- 
vers.alis  auris  —  t.  da  Nez,  Compressor  nasi  —  t. 
des  Orfeils,  Transversus  pedis. 

TRANSVERSALIS,  Transverse. 

Transversa'lis  Abdom'inis,  (F.)  Lombo-nh- 
dominal  (Ch.),  Transverse  de  V Abdomen.  This 
muscle  is  seated,  deeply,  on  the  lateral  parts  of 
the  abdomen.  It  is  flat,  thin,  and  broader  before 
than  behind.  It  is  attached,  above,  to  the  carti- 
lage of  the  last  true  rib,  and  to  those  of  every 
false  rib  ;  and,  below,  to  the  inner  lip  of  the  crista 
of  the  ilium;  to  the  two  outer  thirds  of  the  crural 
arch,  and  to  the  upper  part  of  the  pubis.  Its 
fibres,  moreover,  are  inserted,  behind,  by  means 
of  broad  aponeuroses,  into  the  top  of  the  trans- 
verse and  spinous  processes  of  the  first  four  lum- 
bar vertebrae;  and,  before,  info  the  linea  alba, 
and  the  ensiform  cartilage.  This  muscle,  all  of 
whose  fibres  have  a  transverse  direction,  con- 
stricts the  belly,  and  diminishes  the  base  of  the 
chest,  by  drawing  inwards  the  ribs  to  which  it  is 
attached. 

Transversalis  ANTTCTTf5  Primus,  Rectus  ca- 
pitis lateralis  —  t.  CoUateralis  colli,  see  Sacro- 
lumbalis. 

Transversa'lis  Colli,  Transversalis  Major 
colli.  Portion  of  the  Sacrospinal  fCh.),  (F.) 
Transversaire.  A  muscle,  seated  at  the  posterior 
and  lateral  part  of  the  neck  and  upper  part  of 
the  back.  It  is  attached  to  the  transverse  pro- 
cesses of  the  five  or  six  lowest  vertebrae  of  the 
neck  ;  and  to  those  of  the  four  or  five  first  dorsal. 
It  extends  the  vertebrae  of  the  neck,  and  inclines 
them  to  its  side. 

Transversalis  Colli,  Semi-spinalis  colli. 

Transversalis  Donsi,  Tmnsrerso -spinalis, 
Multi/'idus  SpincB,  Lumho-cervicid  portion  of  the 


Spinal  (Ch.),  (Trnnsi'erso-tpfnalis  Lunilo'rnm, 
Transversa  -  spinalis  Dorsi,  Transverso  ■  spinalis 
Colli,)  Jfus'culns  sacer,  Spinales  ct  trinisvirnalei 
lunihoriini,  Semi-spinalis  iiilernns  sivo  Tranxrerso- 
spinalis  colli  pars  interna  (Winslow),  Lond/o- 
dorsi-spinal,  &c.,  (F.)  Transversaire  (pi  mux. 
This  muscle,  usually  called,  by  Knf;li.>ih  aiiiito- 
mists,  jifulti/'idus  spince.,  and  including  ail  the 
transverso-spinales,  is  situate  in  the  vcrtchrnl 
gutters,  extending  from  the  posterior  part  of  the 
sacrum  to  the  second  cervical  vertel)ra.  It  is 
thicker  in  the  neck  and  loins  than  in  the  back 
and  behind  the  sacrum.  Its  use  is — to  straighten 
the  vertebral  column,  and  to  impress  upon  it  a 
slight  rotary  motion. 

Transversalis  Nasi,  Compressor  naris. 

TRANSVERSARIUS,  Transverse. 

TRANSVERSE,  Transver'sus,  Transversa'lis, 
Transversa'rius,  from  trans,  'over,'  and  verlere, 
versnm,  'to  turn.'  That  which  runs  across:  also, 
that  which  relates  to  the  transverse  processes  of 
the  vertebrae. 

Transverse  Artery  of  the  Face,  arises  from 
the  temporal  ;  passes  transversely  across  the  fine, 
in  front  of  the  condyle  of  the  lower  jiiw.  and 
gives  its  branches  to  the  different  muscles  of  the 
cheek. 

Transverse  Fissure,  see  Liver — t.  Fossa,  see 
Liver — t.Ligamentof  the  Atlas,  Annular  ligament. 

Transverse  Perineal  Artery,  llrethro-bul- 
bar  (Ch.),  is  given  off  from  the  upper  branch  of 
the  internal  pudic  ;  and  passes  inwards  and  for- 
wards above  the  transversus  perina^i  muscles,  as 
far  as  the  bulb  of  the  urethra,  into  which  it  dips, 
subdividing  into  numerous  branches. 

Transverse  Proc"essks  of  the  VER'TEDHiE, 
Diapoph'yses  of  Owen,  (F.)  Apophyses  transverses 
des  vertebres,  are  the  bony  eminences  that  jut  (uit 
transversely  and  posteriorly  from  the  sides  of  the 
vertebrae. 

Transverse-  Suture,  Sutu'ra  transversa'lis, 
runs  across  the  face,  and  sinks  into  the  orbit; 
joining  the  bones  of  the  skull  to  those  of  the 
face,  but  with  so  many  irregularities  and  inter- 
ruptions, that  it  can  scarcely  be  recognised  as  a 
suture. 

TRANSVERSE  DE  L'ARDOMEN,  Trans- 
versalis abdominis — f.  de  I'Oricule,  Transversus 
auris  —  t.  du  Perinee,  Transversus  perinaei. 

TRANSVERSO-SPINAL,  Semi-spinalis  colli. 
Semi-spinalis  dorsi  —  t.  Spinalis,  Transversalis 
dorsi  —  t.  Spinalis  colli,  Semi-spinalis  colli  —  t. 
Spinalis  dorsi,  Semi-spinalis  dorsi. 

TRANSVER'SUS  AURIS,  Transver'sus  An- 
ric'ulce.,  (F.)  Transverse  de  l' Oricule  (Ch.),  Trans- 
versal de  la  Conque,  is  often  wanting.  It  is 
formed  of  some  transverse  fibres,  situate  trans- 
versely, behind  the  projection  of  the  helix  which 
divides  the  concha  into  two  portions. 

Transversus  Pedis.  Scandula'rius,('F.)Trans, 
versal  des  Orteils,  Metatarso  -  snns  - phalangien 
transversal  du  premier  orteil  (Chaussier).  A 
muscle,  which  arises  by  fleshy  slips  from  the 
heads  of  the  metatarsal  bones  of  the  three  outer 
toes.  Its  tendon  is  inserted  into  the  base  of  the 
first  phalanx  of  the  great  toe,  being  blended  with 
that  of  the  adductor  pollieis. 

Transversus  Prrin>ei,  Leva'tor  Ani  parvus, 
(F.)  fschio-perineal  (C\).),  Transverse  du  Perinee, 
is  placed  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  perinicum. 
It  is  thin,  triangular,  and  situate  transversely. 
Its  external  extremity  is  attached  to  the  ramus 
and  tuberosity  of  the  ischium  :  its  inner  extremity 
is  confounded  with  its  fellow  of  the  opposite  side, 
and  with  the  anterior  part  of  the  sphincter  nni 
and  posterior  part  of  the  bulbo-cavernosus.  The 
use  of  this  muscle  is,  — to  compress  the  urethra, 
and  to  support  the  rectum  and  bladder.     To  a 


TRATA  NATANS 


927 


TREPHINE 


fasciculus  of  this  muscle,  Santorini  hns  given  the 
name  (fre'thra;  Elevn'tor  ?eu  E/nciitu'tor. 

TraNSVIMISCH     PehIN^'I     AltbH,     Pronlnt'ioin 

inferior.  A  small  muscle  which  occasionally  ac- 
companies the  last. 

TKAPA  NATANS,  (F.)  ^facre  floiiante,  Noix 
ou  Chatiiitjne  d' Enii.  Ord.  Onagraccse.  Stx. 
tiijHt.  Telrandria  Monogynia.  The  plant  which 
nttbrds  the  Nuces  Aqnut'iPOF:,  Trib'nli  (iquatici, 
t'ldtrops.  The  nut  is  considered  nutrient  and 
demulcent,  and  is  said  to  be  useful  in  diarrhcea 
from  abrasion  of  the  bowels,  and  in  calculus.  A 
poultice  is  sometimes  made  of  it  to  discuss  hard 
and  indolent  tumours. 

THAPKZA,  Mensa. 

TltAl'BZE,  Trapezium,  Trapezius. 

TRAPE'ZIUM  OS,  r^u-rffiov,  'a  trapezium.'  So 
called  from  its  shajie.  On  multau'ynban  iiinjitn, 
(F.)  Os  trapeze.  The  first  bone  of  the  second 
row  of  the  carpus.  It  is  articulated,  above,  with 
the  scaphoides ;  below,  with  the  first  bone  of  the 
metacarpus ;  within,  with  the  trapezoides,  and 
Bccond  metacarpal  bone.  Anteriorly,  posteriorly, 
and  externally,  it  gives  attachment  to  ligaments. 

TRAPE'ZIUS,  CncHlla'ria,  (F.)  Durao-Hiis- 
acroiiiien  (Ch.),  Trapeze,  Copuchoii.  A  muscle, 
seated  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  neck  and 
shoulder,  and  at  the  upper  part  of  the  back.  It 
has  the  shape  of  a  trapezium  ;  is  attached,  on  the 
one  hand,  to  the  inner  third  of  the  upper  curved 
line  of  the  occipital  bone ;  to  the  posterior  cer- 
vical ligament;  to  the  spinous  process  of  the  7th 
cervical  vertebra;  and  to  those  of  all  the  dorsal 
vertebrae;  and,  on  the  other  hand,  to  the  spine 
of  the  scapula;  the  acromion  and  the  outer  third 
of  the  posterior  margin  of  the  clavicle.  Its  upper 
fibres  are  situate  obliquely  downwards  and  out- 
wards; the  transverse  and  inferior,  obliquely  out- 
wards and  inwards.  This  muscle  elevates  the 
Bhoulder;  carries  it  backwards,  or  depresses  it, 
according  as  its  upper,  middle,  or  lower  fibres 
contract  separately.  It  straightens  the  head, 
also,  and  inclines  it  to  one  side. 

TRAP'EZOID  LIG AME'iiT.  Lifjnmeti'tnm  tm- 
pezti'ides.  The  anterior  part  of  the  coraco-clavi- 
cular  ligament.  It  is  a  very  strong,  fibrous  fas- 
ciculus, which  has  the  shape  of  a  trapezium,  and 
is  situate  obliquelj',  between  the  acromion  process 
and  clavicle. 

TRAPEZOi'DES,  OS.  Os  muhan'guhim  minus 
seu  pijraiiiidu'Ie  carpi,  from  rpart^ior,  'a  trape- 
zium,' and  £1^05,  'shape  or  resemblance'  The 
second  bone  of  the  second  row  of  the  carpus,— so 
called  from  its  shape.  It  is  smaller  than  the  tra- 
pezium, on  the  inside  of  which  it  is  situate.  It 
is  articulated,  above,  with  the  os  naviculare; 
below,  with  the  second  metacarpal  bone;  on  the 
outside,  with  the  trapezium  ;  and  internally,  with 
the  magnum.  Anteriorly  and  posteriorly,  it 
afi"ords  attachment  to  ligaments. 

TliAUliEXKUR,  Grape  cure. 

TRAULISMUS,  see  Balbuties  and  Blaesitas. 

TRAULOTES,  see  Blaesitas. 

TRAUMA,  Wound. 

TRAUMAT'IC,  Tranmat'icus,  Vnlnern'rius, 
Viil'iieranj,  (F.)  Traumaliqne,  from  rpauiia,  rpav- 
uuTOi,  •  a  wound.'     Anything  relating  to  a  wound. 

TRAUMATICA,  Detergents,  Vulneraries. 

TRAUMATICiyE ;  same  etymon  as  Trau- 
matic. A  name  given  by  Eulenberg  to  a  solution 
of  gutta  percha  in  chloroform,  which  is  applied 
e.\ternally  in  various  chronic  cutaneous  diseases. 

TRAUMATICUS.  Traumatic.  Vulnerary. 

TRAU'MATISM,  Tranmatls'mus.  The  condi- 
tion of  the  organism  occasioned  by  a  grave  wound. 

TRAU'M.\TO-COMI'UM,  trora  rpavfia,  rpav- 
jarof  '  a  wound,'  and  Ko^tio,  '  I  take  care  of.'  An 
hospital  for  the  reception  of  the  wounded. 


TRAUMATOP'YRA.  Fthris  Imiimnt'irn  ;  from 
Tfiuvyiii,  ri)aifi(iTOi,  'a  wound,' and  Tvp,  'fire.'  A 
wound  ffver,  or  fever  consecutive  to  a  wound. 

TRAVAIL,  Parturition. 

TUAVAIL  jrEAFAyT,  Parturition. 

TRAVELLER'S  JOY,  Clematis  vitalba. 

TREACLE,  Melasses,  Theriaca  — t.  English, 
Teucrium  chainsedrys  —  t.  Venice,  Theriaca. 

TREAD,  Cicatricula— t.  of  the  Cock,  Molecule. 

TREATMENT,  Curatio. 

Tkbatmknt,  Dry.  One  in  which  the  patient 
is  almost  wlioUy,  if  not  wholly,  restricted  from 
the  alimentary  use  of  fluids  ;  a  valuable  modna 
medendi  in  inflammatory  and  hemorrhagic  condi- 
tions. 

TREE,  ELK,  Andromeda  arborea  — t.  of  Life, 
Thuya  occidentalis — t.  Sour,  Andromeda  arborea. 

TREFLE  BE  CASTOR,  Menyanthes  irifo- 
liata  —  t.  D'Eiiu,  Menyantlies  trifoliata — t.  dta 
Marais,  Menyanthes  trifoliata. 

TREFOIL,  llepatica  tril.d)a  — t.  Bean,  stink, 
ing,  Anagyris  —  t.  Marsh,  Menyanthes  verna  —  t. 
Sour,  0.\alis  acetosella  —  t.  Shrubby,  Ptclea  tri- 
foliata— t.  Water,  Menyanthes  trifoliata. 

TREMA,  Foramen. 

TREA/liLEJIEAT,  Tremor  — ^  MeUdUqne, 
see  Tremor. 

TREMBLES.  Milk-sickness. 

TREMBLING,  Tremor  — t.  Fevers,  Intermit- 
tent fever. 

TREMELLA  AURICULA  JUD^,  Peziza 
auricula. 

TREMOR,  Trepida'tio,  Spi'chnnis  Tremor, 
Trojiio-Hpnuriius,  Tronius,  Trenihling,  (F.j  Treiit- 
blement,  from  treniere,  'to  tremble.'  Involuntary 
agitation  of  the  body,  or  of  some  part  of  it,  with- 
out any  obstacle  to  voluntary  motion.  It  de- 
pends, generally,  upon  debility  of  the  muscular, 
or  of  the  nervous  system ;  and,  hence,  is  ob- 
served in  convalescence,  and  in  typhoid  affec- 
tions. It  occurs,  also,  in  old  people;  in  hard 
drinkers;  workers  in  mercury,  lead,  &c.:  in  the 
last  case,  it  is  called  by  the  French,  Trenihlenieut 
iyiet(dli(/He,  Tremor  metal'llciia.  Tremor  scenjs  to 
resemble  paralysis  more  than  convulsion.  See 
Paralysis  agitans  and  Pavitatio. 

Trumok  Corjnis,  Ilippus,  Palpitation  —  t.  Me- 
tallicus,  see  Tremor  —  t.  Potatorum,  see  Delirium 
tremens  —  t.  ]'urring,  Fremissemetit  cataire. 

TREPAN,  Trep'aiiiim,  Try'panon,  Trip'unon, 
Tpvnavov,  Terebel'/a,  Pereter'iiivi,  Peretor' iiuii, 
Serra  versat'ilia,  Clioeii'icia,  Ohoeiiic'ion,  Ter'ehrii, 
Ter'etron,  Tere'triiim,  Vertib'ulum,  (F.)  Trepan, 
from  Tpviraw,  'I  perforate.'  A  surgical  instrument 
resembling  a  wimble,  and  worked  in  the  same 
manner.  It  is  used  for  removing  portions  of 
bone,  and  particularly  of  the  bones  of  the  skull. 
The  term  trepan  is  given  more  particularly  to  the 
part  of  ttie  instrument  that  makes  the  perforation. 
The  handle  is  so  constructed  as  to  receive  differ- 
ent bits^ — as  the  crown,  the  Trepan  per/oralif  or 
Perite'riun,  the  T.  e.rfolialif  ox  Deaqnumuto' rium 
trep'anum,  and  the  T.  abaptis'ta. 

In  Great  Britain  and  the  United  States,  this 
instrument  has  been  superseded  by  the  trephine, 
which  is  more  manageable. 

TREPANATIO,  Trepanning. 
TREPAN  A  TION,  Trepanning. 

TREPAN'NING,  Terebra'tio,  Anafre'aia,  Ce- 
phalolripe'aia,  Trepana'tio,  Tri/pe'sis,  Tresis,  Pri- 
aia,  Priamns,  Fora'tio,  (F.)  Trepanation.  Same 
etymon  as  Trepan.  The  methodical  application 
of  the  trepan. 

TREPAN  ON,  Trepan. 

TREPANUM,  Trepan. 

TREPHINE.  The  instrument  which  has  re- 
placed the  trepan  in  some  countries.  It  consists 
of  a  simple,  cylindrical  saw;  with  a  handle  placed 


TREPHOUSA 


028 


TRICIIILIA 


transversely  like  that  of  a  gimlet,  and  from  tlie 
centre  t)f  the  cirelc,  deseribed  by  the  teeth  of  the 
saw,  a  sharp  little  perforator  projects,  called  the 
Centre-pin.  The  centre-pin  is  capable  of  being 
removed,  at  the  surgeon's  option,  by  means  of  a 
key  for  the  purpose.  It  is  used  to  fix  the  instru- 
ment until  the  teeth  of  the  saw  have  made  a  cir- 
cular groove,  sufficiently  deep  for  it  to  work 
steadily.  The  i)in  must  then  be  removed.  Some- 
times the  pin  is  made  to  slide  up  and  down,  and 
to  be  fixed  in  any  position,  by  means  of  a  screw. 

TREPHOUSA,  Nurse. 

TREPIDATIO,  Tremor— t.  Cordis,  Cardiotro- 
mus.     ^ 

TREPIED    VITAL,  Tripod,  vital. 

TREPOX'DO.  A  weight  of  three  pounds.— 
Scribonius. 

TRE'SIS,  rprjiTi;,  from  rptw,  'I  bore.'  Properly, 
a  perforation.  A  wound.  A  forcible  solution  of 
continuity  in  a  soft  part,  commencing  externally. 
A  genus  in  the  nosology  of  Good. 

Trrsis,  Trepanning,  Wound  —  t.  Causis,  Burn 
—  t.  Punctura,  Puncture  —  t.  Vulnus,  Wound  — 
t.  Vulnus  laceratum,  see  Laceration  —  t.  Vulnus 
simplex.  Cut. 

TN  ESS  A ILLEMENT,  Shuddering. 

TRESSO'RIA,  low  Latin  Eplsl'oii,  cTztaewv.  A 
term  formerly  applied  to  the  hair  covering  the 
mons  veneris,  the  absence  of  which  has,  by  the 
vulgar,  been  esteemed  a  matter  of  reproach. 

TRI,  Tpt,  in  composition,  'three.' 

TRIACLE,  Melasses. 

TRIANGLE  3fEDULLAIRE,  Fornix. 

TRIAN(3LE,  VESICAL,  see  Urinary  Bladder. 

TRIAN'UULAR,  Trigo'nox,  Triangula', iH, 
from  hi,  and  (tnyulus,  'an  angle.'  That  which 
has  three  angles. 

Triangular  or  Tnfra-pubian  Ligament,  Liy- 
amen'tnm  trittnrjnla're  seu  infra-pnbin' ntim,  is  a 
ligamentous  fascia  with  short  fibres,  situate  trans- 
versely beneath  the  symphysis  pubis,  which  it 
Strengthens.  Also,  a  ligament  extending  from 
the  coracoid  to  the  acromial  process  of  the 
scapula. 

TRIANGULARIS,  Depressor  anguli  oris  — t. 
Coccygis,  Coccygeus — t.  Nasi,  Compressor  naris. 

TkIANGULA'uiS  SteRNI,  Sterno-cnutal  (Ch.), 
Pectora'lis  intc.r'nnii.  A  muscle  situate  at  the 
anterior  and  inner  part  of  the  chest,  behind  the 
cartilages  of  the  ribs.  It  has  the  shape  of  a 
lengthened  triangle,  the  base  of  which  is  directed 
downwards.  It  is  attached  to  the  posterior, 
lateral,  and  inferior  part  of  the  sternum,  whence 
its  fibres  pass  upwards  and  outwards,  and  termi- 
nate by  as  many  distinct  digitations  at  the  carti- 
lages of  the  3d,  4th,  5th,  and  Gth  true  ribs.  This 
muscle  depresses  the  ribs  and  contributes  to  ex- 
piration. 

TRIBAS,  (F.)  Trihade.,  from  rpifiia,  <l  rub.' 
Frictrix,  Frica'trije,  Futii'trix.  ifan'cula,  Sithagi- 
tn'trix,  Siibigita'trix.  A  female  whose  clitoris  is 
so  large  as  to  cause  her  to  be  regarded  as  an 
hermaphrodite.  One  who  acts  as  a  male  with 
another  female. 

TRIBULI  AQUATICI,  see  Trapa  natans. 

TRIBUTUM  LUNARE,  Menses  —  t.  Men- 
struum. Menses. 

TRICiE,  Plica— t.  Incuborum,  Plica— t.  Scro- 
forum,  Plica. 

TRICAGO,  Teucriura  chamaedrys. 

TRICAUDALIS,  Retrahens  auris. 

TRICEPH'ALUS,  from  tri,  and  Kt<l>a\t,,  'head.' 
A  monster  with  three  heads. 

TRICEPS,  from  tri,  and  caput,  'head.'  A 
name  given  to  muscles  that  have  three  fleshy 
bundles  at  one  of  their  extremities. 

Triceps    Adduc'tob    Fem'okis.     Under  this 


ai  pcllation  are  compfehendcd  three  distinct  mnn- 
cles:   Adduitar  breiln,  A.  loiiynii,  nnd  A.  iiiaijiiiit. 

TiiiCKi's  Auris,  Rctraliens  auris — t.  Uraciiiiilis, 
Triceps  extensor  cubiti. 

TrickP-S  Cruris,- /'cmoraV)*,  (F.)  Triffmnm. 
roiiilieii  (Ch.),  Crural,  Trifemoro-tibi-rnlulieu, 
Trice])S  crural  ou  de  la  cuinne,  is  situate  at  the 
anterior,  inner,  and  outer  part  of  the  thigh.  It 
is  formed  of  three  bundles  at  its  superior  extre- 
mity, viz.  1.  A  middle  fasciculus  (the  crura'tin  of 
most  anatomists).  2.  An  external  fasciculus  (the 
vaHtun  exteruun)  and  3.  An  inner  fasciculus  (the 
vastus  ■iiiteruuH).  It  is  attached,  above,  to  the 
anterior,  inner,  and  outer  surfaces  of  the  femur, 
and  to  the  two  edges  of  the  linea  aspera,  from 
the  base  of  the  trochanter  to  within  four  fingers' 
breadth  of  the  knee.  Below,  it  terniinatos  by  a 
large  tendon,  which  is  attached  to  tiio  base  and 
edges  of  the  patella,  as  well  as  to  the  inner  and 
outer  tuberosities  of  the  tibia.  The  triceps  ex- 
tends the  leg  on  the  thigh,  and  conversely. 

TRICEPS  BE  LA  CUISSE,  Triceps  cruris— 
t.  Crural,  Triceps  cruris. 

TricbpS  Extkn'sou  Cu'biti,  Triceps  brnchia'- 
lis,  (F.)  Scapido-humero-oU.cranien  (Ch.),  Triceps 
brachial.  This  muscle,  which  occuj)ies  all  the 
posterior  part  of  the  os  humeri,  is  described  aa 
two  muscles  by  Douglas,  and  as  three  by  Wins- 
low.  It  arises  by  tliree  heads.  The  first  or  long 
head, — long  head  of  the  biceps  externns  of  Doug- 
las, Anconeus  major  of  Winslow, — arises  from  the 
anterior  extremity  of  the  inferior  costa  of  the 
scapula,  near  its  neck,  and  below  the  origin  of 
the  teres  minor.  The  second  head,  or  short  head 
of  the  biceps  externns  of  Douglas,  Anco)iens  exter- 
nns of  Winslow,  arises  from  the  upper  and  outer 
part  of  the  os  humeri,  at  the  base  of  the  great 
tuberosity;  and  the  third  head, — Brachialis  ex- 
ternns of  Douglas,  Anconeus  internns  of  Winslow, 
— the  shortest  of  the  three,  arises  from  the  back 
part  of  the  os  humeri,  behind  the  flat  tendon  of 
the  latissimus  dorsi.  These  three  portions  unite 
about  the  middle  of  the  arm,  so  as  to  form  one 
thick  and  powerful  muscle,  which  is  inserted  at 
the  upper  part  of  the  olecranon.  It  extends  the 
forearm  on  the  arm,  and  conversely. 

Triceps  Magnus,  Adductor  uiagnus — t.  Minor, 
Adductor  longus  femoris — t.  Secundus,  Adductor 
brevis. 

TRICn^  INCUBORUM,  Plica.    « 

TRICHANGIA,  Capillary  vessels 

TRICHANGIECTA'SIA,  Angidiecta'sia,  Tri. 
chocirsus,  from  &pt^,  Tpi^oi,  'a  hnir,'  ayyciov,  'a 
vessel,' and  £<cTn(Tis,  '  dilatation.'  Morbid  dilata- 
tion of  the  capillary  vessels. 

TRICIIAUX'E,  from  3pif,  rptxoi,  'hair,' and 
av^v<  'increase.'  Increase  in  the  quantity  and 
size  of  the  hair,  without  change  of  texture, 

TRICIIERA  ARVENSIS,  Scabiosa. 

TRICHIA,  Entropion. 

TRICHI'ASIS,  Trichio'ais,  Tricho'sis,  from 
■Jpi^,  Tpi;^o?,  '  hair.'  Morbus  pila'ris.  This  name 
has  been  given  to  several  afi'eotions.  1.  To  a  dis- 
ease of  the  kidneys  or  bladder,  in  which  filamen- 
tous substances,  resembling  hairs,  are  passed  in 
the  urine.  This  is  also  called  Pilimic'lio.  It 
must  be  regarded  as  a  variety  of  Catar'rhus 
vesi'cfB.  2.  To  .a  painful  swelling  of  the  breasts, 
in  child-bed  women,  when  the  milk  is  excreted 
with  difiieulty  :  —  a  disease  attributed,  by  Aris- 
totle, to  a  hair  swallowed  by  accident  and  carried 
to  the  breasts  through  the  circulation  :  and  .3dly, 
To  inversion  of  the  eye-lashes.     See  Entropion. 

TRICHIASIS  LACTEA,  Infarctus  mammsB 
lacteus. 

TRICHILIA,  Cathartics. 

Trichil'ia  Emet'ica,  Elcnja.  A  tree.  Order, 
Meliaceae,  common  on  the  mountains  of  Ycmeu 


TRICHINA   SPIRALIS 


929 


TRIGEMINI 


and  in  Senegal.  The  fruit  is  used,  by  the  Arabs, 
at  an  emetic.  The  ripe  sceils  are  formed  with 
gesamiim  oil  into  an  ointment  for  the  itch. 

Titiciiii.iA  Timfoi.ia'ta,  a  bush  of  Cura^oa,  a 
decoction  of  the  roots  of  which  is  used  to  pro- 
mote abortion. 

TRKJUI'NA  SPIRA'LIS.  Same  etymon.  A 
small  species  of  entozoa  discovered  in  the  muscles 
of  voluntnry  motion.  Trichinae  consist  of  very 
minute  cysts,  of  an  (>l)long  figure,  having  consi- 
denible  resciiibliince,  in  size  and  colour,  to  young 
pediculi,  and  are  somewhat  allied  to  the  eels 
found  in  paste  and  vinegar.  No  symi)t()ms  have 
as  yet  been  observed  to  be  pathognomonic  of  their 
preseiico. 

TRICHIOSTS,  Trichiasis— t.  Distrix,  Distrix. 

TIllClilS'MUS.  Same  etymon.  CiqnUa'tio, 
Fimiii'ra  pila'iia.  A  capillary  fracture,  fissure, 
or  crack. 

TRrCllIURIA,  Trichoccphalus. 

TRICHOCErnALE  LE  L'HOMME,  Tri- 
chocepliahis. 

TRICHOCI-^PH'ALUS,  Truhoccph'alua  dia- 
jiar ;  from  5/'i^,  r(.4;:^os,  'a  hair,'  and  Kc<paXrj, 
'head.'  Trichu'ria,  'J',  viiltfaris  seu  inteafiua'tia, 
Aa'ciiria  tn'chit'n'n,  Tn'cln'n'rin,  Trichoccphalus 
Feu  Montu/ii'iha  hniiiiin's,  Louij  tliread-worm,  (F.) 
2'rich'>c('i>li<ilc  de  I'Ihdiiidc.  A  worm,  from  an 
inch  and  a  half  to  two  Indies  long;  the  head 
acute;  the  body  spirally  involuted  in  the  male, 
almost  straight  in  the  female.  The  tn'chocepha- 
lus  diapnr  generally  inhabits  the  c;ecum  and 
colon,  and  is  rnrely  met  with  in  the  small  intes- 
tines. It  gives  rise  to  no  peculiar  symptoms,  and 
requires  the  usual  anthelmintic  treatment. 

TRICIIOCIRSUS,  Trichangiectasia. 

TRIC110G"EN0US,  from  5p(|,  r,„;^05,  'a  hair,' 
and  ytn'uo),  'I  generate.'  H:iir-fonning;  as  a 
'tnch'K/ciiriiia  remedy/  —  one  that  promotes  the 
growth  of  hair. 

TRICIFOLABIS,  Madisterium. 

TRirllOLABlUM,  Maiiistorium. 

TRlt'HOl.OOlA,  Ciuphologia. 

TRICilOAIA.  t';ipill,imcntum.  Plica. 

TRK/llOMAXlCS,  Aspleninm  trichomanoides 
—  t.  Creniitii,  Aspleninm  trichomanoides. 

TRrClIOMAPlIYTR,  from  trichoma,  'plica,' 
and  i^uTov,  'a  vegotiible.'  A  crj'ptogamons  growth, 
found  in  plica,  nnd  said,  by  some,  to  be  its  cause. 

TRICHO.MAPIIYTOX,  Mycoderma  plicae. 

TRIG  11 OM  AT  I  OX,  Ciiinllnmentum. 

TRICllOMATOSE  HAIR,  Plica. 

TRICllOM'OXAS,  Trkhnm'onnd ;  from  fl/xf. 
Tpi;^o{,  'a  liiiir,'  ami  nioiiitd.  An  animalcule 
found  by  M.  Donne  rn  the  mucus  of  the  vagina, 
where  cleanliness  has  not  been  attended  to,  and 
to  whicli  he  has  given  the  name  Tricliotn'onas 
va(/hHt'/is.  By  some  it  is  considered  to  be  no- 
thing more  than  ciliated  epithelium  separated 
from  the  uterus. 

TRICllO.MYCES  TONSURANS,  Porrigo  de- 
calviins. 

TRICIIONOST.^:.  Porrigo— t.  Furfuracea,  Por- 
rigo decilviins — t.  Plica, Plica — t.Poliosis, Poliosis. 

TRICIION'OSUS,  from  Vf. '•/"X05.  'hair,' and 
voaos,  'ilist>;ise.'     A  disease  of  the  hair. 

TRICIIOPIIY'IA.  T,icl,»],hyi'ica,  from  5p,f, 
rpi;^os,  'li;iir,'  and  <pvtiv,  'to  grow.'  Remedies 
that  promote  the  growth  of  the  hnir. 

TRICHOPHYTON  TONSURANS,  see  Porrigo 
deealvans. 

TRICIIOSAN'TIIES,  AMA'RA,  (.%(.  rp.^os, 
'hair,'  and  «r?^,  'a  flower.')  Order,  Cucurbita- 
cew;  a  pliint  of  India;  the  seeds  are  bitter  and 
nstringent,  sometimes  emetic.  In  Jamaica,  it  is 
considered  to  be  a  poison,  and  is  used  for  killing 
rots. 
Tricho.<5Asthi:s  Coi{Da'ta.     The  root  is  used 


V)y  the  natives  of  India  as  a  substitute  for  Ca- 
lumba  root. 

TiuciiosANTHES  Cucumkr'ina.  The  fruit  is 
considered  in  India  to  be  anthelmintic. 

TniCHOSANTllES  Inci'sa,  (jtiahed  Tn'choaatithca, 
of  the  forests  of  India.  The  fruit  is  esteemed  m 
be  poisonous.  Pounded  and  intimately  blended 
with  cocoa  nut  oil,  it  is  used  in  India  as  an  appli- 
cation to  offensive  sores  of  the  ears,  and  to 
ozaona. 

TmcnoSANTHES  Villo'sa,  of  Java.  The  fruit 
acts  like  colocynth. 

TRICHOSCHISIS,  Schizatrichia. 

TRICHO'SIS,  Plht're  mnhiin  ;  from  .?pif,  rpi- 
XOii  'hair.'  Morbid  organization  or  deficiency 
of  hair.     A  genus  in  the  system  of  Good. 

Tiiiciiosis,  Entropion,  Trichiasis  —  t.  Area, 
Porrigo  deealvans  —  t.  Athrix,  Alopecia —  t.  Di.-- 
trix,  Distrix — t.  Furfuracea,  Porrigo  furfurans  — 
t.  Hirsuties,  Ilirsuties  —  t.  Plica,  Plica  —  t.  Polio- 
sis, Poliosis  —  t.  Setosa,  Ilystriciasis. 

TRICHOTON,  Scalp. 

TRICIIURIS,  Trichoccphalus. 

TRICLISPERMA  GRANDIFLORA,  Polygala 
paucifolia. 

TRICUS'PID,  Tricna'pia,  Tricvapida'lh,  Tri- 
ciiapida'tva,  from  iri,  and  ciispia,  cuapidia,  'a 
point.'     That  which  has  three  i)oints. 

Tluctrsi'lD  Valvks,  V(d'vul(B  Triciia'pidea  sen 
trifflo'chiitra  seu  triaul'ccp,  are  three  triangular, 
valvular  duplicatures,  formed  by  the  inner  mem- 
brane of  the  right  cavities  of  the  heart,  around 
the  orifice  by  which  the  auricle  communicates 
with  the  ventricle.  The  elongated  and  pointed 
top  of  each  of  these  valves  is  continuous  with  the 
chordic  tendineac.  which  set  out  from  the  columnar 
carnea;  of  the  heart.  These  valves  are  de])ressed 
to  allow  the  blood  to  flow  from  the  auricle  into 
the  ventricle  ;  and  are  raised  to  prevent  its  reflux 
into  the  auricle. 

TRIENS,  Ihi'cia;  qva'tiior.  From  in',  'three.' 
The  third  part  of  a  pound.     Four  ounces,  Tro}-. 

—  Galen. 
TRIFACIAL,  Trigemini. 
IIUF/b/ORO-JROTULTEX,  Triceps  cruris— 

t.  Tibt'-rottilien,  Triceps  cruris. 

TRIFOLIUM  ACETOSUM,  Oxalis  acetosella 

—  t.  Ac(uaticum,  Menyantbes  trifoliata -^  t.  Au- 
reum,  Ilepatica  trilol)a  —  t.  Cervinum,  Eupatorium 
cai.nabinum — t.  Fibrinum,  Menyanthes  trifoliata 
— t.  Ilepaticum,  Ilepatica  triloba. 

Thiko'lium  Mi:lilo'ti;s  Officina'i.is,  T.  offic"- 
ind'le  seu  ndoro'liim  seu  Cdbtilli'titnii  ;  from  tri, 
and  fidiiini,  'a  leaf.'  MeUlotua,  Jfeliln'taa  cit'ri- 
na,  Lotiia  aylvea'tn'a.  Ser'ttiht  Compa'na,  Coro'nn 
re'r/>n,  Common  mel'ilot,  (F.)  Jfe/ilot.  Ord.  Le- 
giiminosijc.  iSV'.r.  »'^)/s^  Diadelphia  Decandria.  The 
infusion  or  distilled  water  of  this  plant  has  been 
employed  in  cases  of  ophthalmia.  It  has  also 
been  used  in  fomentations,  gl3'sters,  Ac. 

TniFOMi'M  Officinale,  T.  melilolus  officinalis 

—  t.  Paludosum.  Menyanthes  trifoliata  —  t.  Pa- 
lustre,  Menyantbes  trifoliata. 

TRIGAS'TRIC,  Trif/na'tricna,  Trivev'tcr;  from 
?»■/,  and  yaaTTifi,  'i)elly.'  That  which  has  three 
bellies.    An  epithet  for  muscles  so  circumstanced. 

TRIGEJI'INI,  Tert/eni'hii,  from  tri,  and  f/em'- 
I'nva,  'double;'  'threefold,'  'triplets.'  The  fi/ih 
pair  0/ iierrca,  A'crr*  diri'ai  seu  (/Xitnto'rli,  A'er- 
riia(juiiitiia  seu  treiiiel/iia  seu  iitixtiia  seu  ni/in/xithet'- 
iviia  me'dius  senai/iiipnt/i' iciia  medhixfcu  aiioii'ynnia 
seu  Snnoviina'tiia.Piirlriyem'iniim  seu  qiiiiitinii  ver- 
roriim  rcrehrn'/inm  sen  trinm  fitiiiculo' rviii,  Tri- 
fu'fiid,  (F. )  yerf  giiatatlf  iniwmiue,  A'erf  ii  troia 
cordea,  Nerf  irljiimenu.  This  nerve  arises  below 
the  tuber  annulare  by  one  large  posterior  root  from 
the  corpora  restiformia,  and  by  two  small  ante- 
rior roots  from  the  corpora  olivaria,  whence,  pro- 


TRIGONE   CfjREBRAL 


9  30 


T III  S P  L  A N C  II  N I C 


eoeilin;:^  forwards  to  tlie  side  of  the  sella  Turcica, 
tlie  filiiiuents  composing  the  large  root  form  a 
ganglion  —  the  Gasseriun.  Emerging  from  this 
ganglion,  the  filaments,  of  which  the  large  root 
i-onsists,  form,  with  those  constituting  the  small 
roots,  and  which  had  not  passed  through  the 
ganglion,  two  flattened  trunks,  each  of  which  is 
soon  divided  into  three  branches,  in  such  a  man- 
i.cr,  however,  that  the_/?)■8^  or  oplithnlntic  brunch, 
and  the  secnud  or  upper  muxUlitry,  are  composed 
exclusively  of  the  filaments  that  arose  from  the 
corpora  restiformia  and  passed  through  the  Gas- 
serian  ganglion;  whilst  the  third  or  lower  imtxil- 
Inry  brtiuck  is  composed  in  part  of  those  fila- 
ments, and  in  part  of  those  i  hat  arose  from  the 
corpora  olivaria,  and  passed  on  one  side  of  the 
ganglion  without  going  through  it.  The  whole, 
tlierefore,  of  the  first  and  second  branches,  and  a 
part  of  the  third  are  sensiferous  nerves,  whilst 
the  remaining  part  of  the  third  —  the  man'dtica- 
iory  or  mcin'tic<itorij  —  is  wholly  motiferous,  and 
passes  to  the  pterygoid  and  other  muscles  con- 
cerned in  mastication. 

TRIGONE  CEREBRAL,  Fornix— «.  VSs!cal, 
see  Urinary  Bladder. 

TRIGONEL'LA  FCENUM,  T.  Fw'iiinn  Gra-.'- 
ciirii,  diminutive  of  triyoiin,  three  sided — from  the 
shape  of  its  flower;  Fen'iKjreek,  Fte'tnigreek,  Eue- 
imm  Grte'cum,  Bu'cenis,  B.  Foeniiut  Grm'cum, 
CdrpJios,  ^E(joc"era'i,  (F.)  FcniKjrec,  Seiiegroiii. 
Orel.  Leguminosa).  Se.r.  Si/it.  Diadelphia  Decan- 
dria.  A  native  of  the  south  of  France.  The 
seeds  have  a  strong,  disagreeable  smell,  and  an 
unctuous,  farinaceous  taste;  accompanied  by  a 
slight  bitterness.  They  are  chiefly  used  in  poul- 
tices. 

TRIGONIUM  OLFACTORIUM,  see  Mam- 
niiltary  eminence. 

TRIGONOS,  Triangular. 

TRIGONUS  VESICvE,  see  Urinary  bladder— 
t.  Lieutaudi,  see  Urinary  bladder. 
TRIJUMEA  UX,  Trigemini. 
TRIL'LIUM  LATIFO'LIUM.  from  triUx, 
'triple.'  —  all  the  parts  being  in  threes,  linxtd- 
lenf  liethroiit,  Retlirouf,  Riitr/efiuike  root,  W«L-e- 
robiii,  CoiKjhroot,  Iniliini  Ridiii,  Ground  Lihj, 
Jews'  Hnrp,  Indian  Sliainrovk,  PiiriiiDort,  Trne- 
hive.  Ord.  Trilliaccie.  Sex.  Sjint.  llexandria 
Trigynia..  A  yjlant  peculiar  to  North  America, 
■which  blossoms  in  the  spring.  Tlio  root  is  as- 
tringent. 

There  are  many  species  of  Trillium,  all  of  which 
possess  the  same  properties. 
TRIOCEFIIALIA,  Aprosopia. 
TRIOR'CHIS,  from  tri,  and  upx^u  'a.  testicle.' 
One  who  has  three  testicles. 

TRTOSTEOSPERMUM,  Triosteum. 
TRIOS'TEUM,  T.  Perfylin'tnm  seu  mnptu,  from 
tri,  and  oanov,  'a  bone,'  in  allusion  to  the  three 
bony  nuts  ;  Trionte.onper' mum,  Rontnrd  Ipevticii- 
jin'fifi,  Firer  Root,  Fererwort,  Tinker's  treed, 
Jforne  ginseng  or  gentian,  Tpeciic,  Wild  Coffee, 
While  ginseng,  Gen'tinn,  White  Gentian,  Sweet 
Jiitter.  Indigenous ;  Ord.  Caprifoliacesc.  In 
very  large  doses,  the  bark  of  the  root  proves 
emetic.  It  is  a  good  cathartic,  in  doses  of  twenty 
r>r  thirty  grains.  It  sometimes  operates  as  a  diu- 
retic. 

Triostrum  Augustifolium,  T.  minus,  has 
similar  virtues. 

TRIPE  DE  ROCHE.  Different  lichens  of  the 
species  Gyrophora,  inhabiting  the  Arctic  regions 
of  America,  bear  this  naine.  They  are  eaten  as 
food  bv  the  hunters. 

TRIPHAR'.MACUM,  r^t^ap/w-fov.  From  tri, 
and  'PapfiaKov,  '  a  medicine.'  A  medicine  composed 
of  thi-e     ingredients. 

TRIPLET,  from  triplex,  'triple.'    One  of  three 


children  born  at  the  same  accouchement  or  ges- 
tation. Also,  relating  to  triplets  —  as  n.  '  triplet 
conception.' 

Tuii'LKT  MoNSTEns,  Jlfoiistm  triji'llcn  seu  tri. 
gem' ina,  are  such  as  have  parts  of  the  body  tripled. 
They  are  rare. 

TRIPOD,  VITAL,  (F.)  Trfpied  vital.  The 
heart,  lungs,  and  brain  have  been  so  called,  as 
their  united  action  is  necessary  for  the  maintcik 
ance  of  life. 

TRIPSIS,  Contusio,  Trituration. 
TRIPUDIATIO  SPASTICA,  Chorea. 
TIUQUETRA  OSSA,  Wormiana  ossii. 
TRIQUETRUM,  (OS,)  Cuneiform  (bone.) 
TRISIS,  Brygmus. 

TRISMUS,  from  Tfu^u, '  I  gnash.'  Entu'sia  seu 
Tonos  Triitmns,  Cajiis'triim,  Mas'ticotory  spasm 
of  the  /ace.  Locked  J<nv,  Sjiasniiis  seu  Rigor  seu 
Tet'aniis  nia.rill'a!  in/erio'ris,  Gnathospas'nins, 
Stoniatospas'nins,  (F.)  J/al  de  Machoire.  Spastic 
closure  of  the  under  jaw;  a  partial  tetanus.  Cul- 
len  makes  two  varieties  —  T.  nascen'tinm  sou  ne- 
oniito'rmn,  Nineday  fits,  (F.)  Siirrete,  attacking 
infants  during  two  weeks  from  birth;  and  T.  tran- 
maticHs,  originating  from  a  wound. 

Trismus  Capistkatus,  Brfdissnre — t.Catarrh- 
alis  raaxillaris.  Neuralgia  maxillaris — t.  Clonicus, 
Neuralgia  faciei — t.  Cynicus.  see  Canine  laugh — 
t.  Diastrophe  Sauvagesii,  Paralysis,  Bell's  —  t. 
Dolorificus,  Neuralgia  faciei — t.  Maxillaris,  Neu- 
ralgia faciei — t.  Nascentium,  see  Trismus  —  t. 
Neonatorum,  see  Trismus  —  t.  Sardouicus,  Ri^u3 
sardonicns. 

TRISPERM'UM,  from  tri,  and  a-ntpiia,  'a  grain 
or  seed.'  A  cata])hism,  consisting  of  three  seeds, 
—  ctiinin,  bay,  and  sniallage,  Gorra^us. 
TRISPLANCIINIA,  Cholera. 
TRISPLANCII'NIC,  Trisphvuh'nicns,  (F.) 
Trisplanchniqne  ;  from  tri,a.r\A  o-n\(iy)^vov,  '  \\si- 
cus.'  That  which  relates  to  three  orders  of 
viscera. 

TuisPLANcnNic  Nerve,  Nervus  trisplanrh'ni- 
cns  seu  synipathet'icns  magnus  sen  sympath'iciis 
seu  ganglion'icns  seu  vaso-moto'rius,  (F.)  Nerf 
sympathiqne  ou  grand  sympathiqne.  Great  synipa- 
thet'ic,  Intercos'tal,  Ga)iglion'ic  oTver'tibral  nerve, 
Nerre  of  orgau'ic  life  :  —  named  by  Bichat  the 
organic  nervous  system,  in  opposition  to  the  other 
nervous  parts,  called  the  animal  nervous  system. 
Gall  terms  if,  the  nerrous  system  of  the  automat' ic 
functions.  It  hiis  also  been  called  the  gangli- 
onic nervous  system.  It  is  termed  Trisplanchie, 
because  it  distributes  its  branches  to  the  or- 
gans in  the  three  great  splanchnic  cavities  — 
the  head,  chest  and  abdomen.  It  is  com- 
posed of  a  series  of  ganglia,  united  by  inter- 
mediate branches,  and  passing  along  the  side 
of  the  spine  to  the  lowest  part  of  the  trunk  : 
communicating,  by  a  branch,  with  each  of  the 
thirty  pairs  of  spinal  nerves  and  several  of  the 
cerebral  nerves;  and  detaching  nerves  from  its 
several  ganglia,  which  accompany  the  arteries, 
and  are  distributed,  particularly,  to  the  organs 
of  involuntary  functions.  At  its  upper  part  it  is 
concealed  in  the  canalis  caroticus  and  cavernous 
sinus,  and  is  joined  there  by  a  branch  of  the  (Jih 
pair  of  nerves,  and  by  a  twig  from  the  Vidian 
nerve  of  the  5th  pair.  In  passing  down  by  the 
side  of  the  spine,  it  forms  three  ganglia  in  the 
neck: — the  superior,  middle,  (thyroid  ga)iiilioii,) 
and  inferior,  [ver'tebral  ganglion);  12  in  the  back 
— the  thoracic;  5  in  the  loins — ihc  lumbar  ;  and 
three  or  four  sacral.  When  it  reaches  the  coccy.x 
it  unites  with  its  fellow  from  the  opposite  side, 
forming  a  small  ganglion  —  the  cocryge'ol,  Gan'- 
glion  iin/)ar,  az'ygons  gnn'glion.  Meckel  divides 
it  into  two  portions  —  1.  The  central  ganglions  or 
central  part,  cotnposed  of  the  numerous  gangli- 
ouic  plexuses  iu  the  abdomen ;  the  centre  of  which 


TRISPLANCIINITIS 


931 


TROCIIISCUS 


is  the  semihiniir  and  solar  plexuses.  2.  The  ex- 
ternal ijitiiijlioiiH,  Limilriiphes  or  external  part, 
which  comprise  the  series  of  ganglions  situate  at 
the  sides  of  the  spine,  from  the  base  of  the  cra- 
nium to  the  sacrum.  The  great  sympatiietic 
ficems  to  form  a  distinct  nervous  system,  destined 
for  the  organs  of  involuntary  motion  ;  for  although 
couimunicaliiig  with  both  brain  and  spinal  mar- 
row, it  does  not  seem  to  be  immediately  under 
the  influence  of  cither.  Its  special  functions  are 
not  yet,  however,  well  understood,  and  are  the 
subject  —  as  they  have  always  been  —  of  much 
interesting  investigation. 

TRlSPIiANCHNITIS,  Cholera,  (spasmodic.) 
TlUiSSAUO,  Teuerium  chamasdrys — t.  Palus- 
tris,  Teuerium  scordium. 

TRISTKMANIA,  Melancholy. 
TliISTKllN' AL.    Beclard  has  given  this  name 
to  tiio  tliird  bony  portion  of  the  sternum;  —  that 
wliicli  corresponds  to  the  third  intercostal  space. 
TKISTITIA,  Athymia,  Moeror. 
TlUT^OPllYA    AMERICANA,  Fever,  yel- 
low. 

TRIT^OPII'YES,  TrtlcBoph'ya,  from  rpiraioi, 
'tertian,'  and  ^uu,  'I  become.'  A  fever,  whose 
type  approaches  the  tertian.  Sauvages  gave  the 
name  Tritaeophija  Vratixf((vien'sin,  to  an  epidemic, 
which  broke  out  in  the  Prussian  army  at  Ijreslaw, 
in  the  middle  of  the  last  century. 
TRIT^ US,  Tertian  fever. 

TRIT'ICUM  ^STI'VUM,  from  lerere,  tritum, 
'to  thrash.'  T.  cerea'le  seu  Cevallos  seu  comp^tc'- 
tnm  seu  erina'ceum  seu  Gaertneria'nnm  seu  Liii- 
iicgn'nitiu  seu  j>rn!ito'anin,  SiDiimer  reheat;  and 
Tuit'icum  lIvBKUN'ujf  scu  fjlaucum  seu  Mn'ti- 
cum  seu  Siv'iiluin,  Winter  wheat,  (F.)  Fronient. 
Ord.  Gramineac.  Sex.  Syst,  Triandria  Digynia. 
From  these  plants  our  wheaten  flour  is  obtained, 
by  grinding  the  seeds —  ll-7(f«^.  Pi/run,  Fntnicii'- 
titm  —  and  to  them  we  are  indebted  for  our  bread 
and  pastry.  The  nutritive  properties  of  wheaten 
flour  are  so  well  known  as  not  to  need  comment. 
Bread,  (F.)  Pain,  mi.xed  with  milk,  constitutes 
the  ordinary  emollient  poultice  ; — and  tlie  crumlis 
<;/'  bread,  Mica  pauis,  are  a  common  e.xcipient 
for  pills  and  boluses. 

TiUTicuM  AiiVKNSK,  T.  rcpons — t.  Cereale,  T. 
seslivum  —  t.  Cevallos,  T.  jcstivum  —  t.  Com- 
pactum,  T.  aestivuin  —  t.  Fagiiium,  Polygonum 
fiigopyrum  —  t.  Gaertnerianum,  T.  iBstivum  —  t. 
(ilaucum,  T.  hybernum,  and  T.  repens — t.  Ilyber- 
num,  see  T.  icstivum — t.  Muticum,  T.  hybernum 
— t.  Linnasanum,  T.  sestivum  —  t.  Pruinosuni,  T. 
a^stivum. 

TiiiT'iciisr    Repens,   T.  nrven'se  seu  gloncnm, 
Ayrop'yrum  Itp.rin'simum,  Broinns  ijlaber,  Gramen 
cani'nnm  seu  DioHcor'idis  seu  repens,  Liilia'venm 
riidi've  repen'te.  Doij-grass,  Coiich-graxs.  QiiickKnn, 
Ticitfh-graxs,    (Sc.)    Jionnavhs,     (F.)     Chiendent. 
The  roots  are  sweet,  and  possess  aperient  pro- 
perties.    They  are  said,  also,  to  be  diuretic. 
TitiTici'M  SictiLUAr,  T.  hybernum. 
TRITIO,  Contritio,  Trituration. 
TRITON  PALl'STRIS,  see  Eetozoa. 
TRITORIUM,  Infundibulum. 
TRITTRA,  Contritio. 

TRITIIRA'TIOX,  Tritnra'tio,  Tritn'ro,  Tritnn, 
Tri'lii),   Tripsis,   from    lerere,    tritiim,    'to   bruise.' 
Tlie  act  of  reducing  a  substance  to  powder. 
TrsiTi'iiATios,  Contritio. 
TRITUS,  Contritio,  Trituration. 
TRIVEIJN.  see  Liver. 
TIUVKN'TER.  Trigastric. 

TROCAR,  IVochar,  Ami  parncent'ira  seu  pri- 
rnri  nirt'ica  seu  triij'iietra  vntr/n'rin,  Parnceiiti'- 
cian,  Paracentele'rion.  Corrupted  from  the  (  F. ) 
Troiiofnarts  or  Troeart,  '  three  quarters  ;'  so  ealhd 
from  the  triangular  shape  of  the  point — 7'ri<f'>irt- 
rum.      An   instrument  utcd   lor  evacuating  fluids 


from  cavities,  particularly  in  ascites,  hydrocele, 
&c.  A  trocar  consists  of  a  perforator  or  stylet 
and  a  canula,  which  is  so  adapted  to  the  fier- 
iorator,  that,  when  the  puncture  is  made,  both 
enter  the  wound  with  facility  ;  after  which,  the 
stylet  being  withdrawn,  the  canula  remains  in 
the  wound  and  affords  the  fluid  a  ready  passage 
outwards. 

TItOCART,  Trocar. 
TROCII,  Trochiscos. 

TROCIIAN'TER,  Trohanter,  Rnta'tor,  from 
Tpo-)(_aiji,  'I  turn.'  Anatomists  have  given  the 
names  yreal  and  liti/e  trochanter  to  two  processes 
at  the  proper  extremity  of  the  femur.  The  great 
troch<in'ter,  g/uliis,  is  the  one  on  the  outside  ;  the 
lens  is  lower  down  and  more  internally.  Both 
afford  attachment  to  rotator  muscles  of  the  thigh, 
and  hence  their  name.  Chaussier,  by  the  word 
trochanter,  means  the  larger  process;  the  smaller 
he  calls  trocliaiilin. 

TROCIIANTER'IAN,  Trochanteria'nns,  Tro- 
hanter'ian.  That  which  belongs  or  relates  to  the 
great  trochanter.  —  Chaussier. 

TROCIIANTIN'IAN,  Trohantin'ian,  Troehnn- 
tinia'nns.     That  which   belongs  or  relates  to  the 
trochantin  or  less  trochanter. 
TROCIIAR,  Trocar. 

TROCHES  OF  CARBONATE  OF  LIME, 
Trochisci  carbonatis  calcis  —  t.  of  Chalk,  Tro- 
chisci  carbonatis  calcis  —  t.  Escharotic,  Trochisci 
escharotici  —  t.  Gum,  Trochisci  gunimosi  —  t.  of 
Gum  Arabic,  Trochisci  acaciae — t.  of  Ipecacuanha, 
Trochisci  ipecacuanhiP — t.  of  Lactucariiim,  Tro- 
chisci lactucarii — t.  Liquorice,  Trochisci  glycyr- 
rhizaj  —  t.  Liquorice,  with  opium,  Trochisci  gly- 
eyrrhizae  cum  opio  —  t.  of  Magnesia,  Trochisci 
magnesiiB  —  t.  of  Morphia,  Trochisci  morphiae — 
t.  of  Morphia  and  ipecacuanha,  Trochisci  mor- 
phiie  et  ipecacuanhiB — t.  Nitre,  Trochisci  nitratis 
potassae  —  t.  of  Peppermint,  Trochisci  menthae 
pipcritae — t.  of  Tartaric  acid,  Trochisci  acidi  tar- 
taric!. 

TROCIITA,  Orbit. 
TROCIIILIA,  Trochlea. 

TROCIIIN,  from  rpoxauv,  'to  turn.'  Chaussier 
has  given  this  name  to  the  smaller  of  the  tubercr 
sities  at  the  upper  extremity  of  the  os  humeri; 
because  it  gives  attachment  to  one  of  the  rotator 
muscles  of  the  arm, — the  subscapularis. 

TROCIIIN'IAN,  Trochinia'nus.  That  which 
belongs  or  relates  to  the  trochin. 

TROCIIIS'CUS,  Phthois.  Arlix'cns,  Collir,  Co- 
li.r,  Phthoia'cos,  Rot'nia,  Cyclis'mos,  diminutive 
o(  rpoxof.  'a  wheel.'  A  troehor  round  table,  (F.) 
Trochinqne.  See  Pastil,  and  Tabella.  A  solid 
medicine,  prepared  of  powders,  incorporated  by 
means  of  mucilage,  crumb  of  bread,  juices  of 
plants,  <fee.  In  French  nomenclature,  the  tro- 
chinqne differs  from  the  tahtelte, — the  former  con- 
taining no  sugar.  This  form  of  preparatitm  is 
adapted  for  the  purpose  of  allowing  the  medicines 
of  which  the  troeh  is  com|)osed  to  dissolve  slowly 
in  the  mouth,  and  to  pass  gradually  into  the 
stomach. 

The  Parisian  Codex  has  two  formulae  for  troches 
for  external  use. 

TnocHIsci  Aca'ci^,  Troches  of  Gnm  Ar'ahie. 
(Acac.'^'w;  Av);ili '^];  Sacchar.  Wy  Make  into 
a  mass'with  roxe  water,  and  form  lozenges. — Ph. 
E.)     To  allay  cough. 

Tuocmsci"  Ac"ini  TAm-Au'iri,  Troches  of^Tar- 
taric  Acid.  (Aciil.  Tartar.^):  .'^archar.  g\\\y, 
01.  Limon.  n\,x.  Form  into  ir.clies  with  muci- 
lage.— Ph.  E.)     Refrigerant  and  demulcent. 

TiiocHisci  Bkchici  NiGui,  T.  glyoyrrhizae 
glabrae. 

Tuocnisci  CAtiBONA'Tis  Calcis,  T.  e  CretCi,  T. 
Crclcp.  (Ph.  U.  S.).  Troches  of  Car'bunate  of  lime 
or  chill':,  Lozenges  for  the  heartburn,  Tabel'lce  ad 


TROCIIISCI   E   CRETA 


93  2 


TROnil 


rtr(Jo'rem  ventric'iifi  seu  cardial'gicee  sen  ad  so- 
dam.  ( Cl•e^  ppt.  ,^iv  ;  acacia,  m  pulv.  ^^j  ;  v>y- 
rint.  in  pulv.  ^^j  ;  Kacch.  in  pulv.  3VJ.  'Mf.  Form 
into  troches  with  lodter.)    Antacid  and  absorbent. 

Thociiisci  e  Crkta,  T.  carbonatis  calcis  —  t. 
Cretic,  T.  carbonatis  calcis. 

Tuocmsci  seu  Pastil'm  Emeti'n.15  Pectora'- 
I.ES,  Pectortd  Lozeityes  of  Em'etine.  {Sngar,  ,^iv; 
emetine,  32  grains.  Form  into  lozenges  of  nine 
grains  each.)     One  is  a  dose. 

TnocHisci  EsciiAnoT'ici,  Escharot'io  Troches. 
{Hi/druri/.  oxymur.  p.  8;  amyli,  p.  16;  mucilag. 
<j.  trof/ac.  q.  s.  Make  into  troches,  to  which  a 
few  drops  of  laudanum  may  be  ad.ded. — Ph.  P.) 
Used  in  foul  ulcers,  to  remove  excrescences,  &c. 

Titociiisci  Eschakot'ici  dk  Min'io.  (Oxyd. 
plniiibi.  ritbr.  p.  16  ;  hydrarc/.  oxyiDur.  p.  32;  ntic. 
jifun'H,  p.  128;  aq.  ros<B,  q.  s.  —  Ph.  P.)  Used 
like  the  last. 

Tiiocnisci  Glycyrrhi'z^,  T.  G.  Glabra  seu 
Jiech'iti  nii/ri,  Li<j'uorice  troches,  Black  pectoral 
lozeitijes.  (Ext.  (jlyc.  (/Inbr.,  gum.  acac.  aa  p.  j  ; 
Hiicch.  purif.  p.  ij.  Dissolve  in  warm  water; 
strain  ;  evaporate,  and  form  into  troches. — Ph.  E.) 
Demulcent.     To  allay  couofh. 

TR()(-iiisci  Glycykrhi'z*  cum  O'pio,  T.  G.  et 
opii  (Ph.  U.  S.)  seu  Thtba'ici  seu  sedati'vn-bnl- 
siim'ici  seu  pectora'les  regis  Dayio'ritm,  Liquorice 
Troches  with  Opium,  Wistar's  Lozenges.  (Opii, 
in  pulv.  3ss;  ext.  glyryrrhiz.  in  Tpn\v.,  sacch a r. 
iti  pulv.,  acacia,  in  ])ulv.,  aa  t^x:  ol.  anixi,  f_^j. 
Make  into  troches.— Ph.  U.  S.)  Demulcent  and 
anodyne. 

Spilta's  Lozenges  for  coryza,  hoarseness,  and 
sore-throat,  are  composed  as  follows:  —  (Ciibeb. 
recent,  in  pulv.  g'j  ;  extract,  tjlycyrrhiz.  ,^ j  ;  myr- 
oxyl.  2j  :  acacia,  3'^'  "!/''"]'>  <!•  S-  Make  into 
troches  of  ten  grains  each. 

Tuocmsci  GuMMo'si,  Gum  Troches.  (G.  acac. 
p.  v;  amyli,  p.  i;  sia-ch.  pur.  p.  ,\ij.  Make  up 
the  troches  with  rose-water. —  Ph.  E.)  Do- 
iiiulcent. 

TkciCHIS'ci  IPECAOtlAN'lI/IE,  Troches  of  Tpcca- 
cwniha.  (Tpecactianh.  in  pulv.  ^ss;  «acc//((C.  in 
pulv.  5xiv;  maranta,  in  pulv.  ^iv;  tnucilag. 
tragacanth.  q.  s.      Make  into  troches. — Ph.  U.  S.) 

Tuocmsci  Lactuca'rII,  Troches  of  Lactuca'- 
rium.  (Prepared  with  Lactucarium  in  the  same 
jiroportion  and  manner  as  the  opium  lozenges. — 
Ph.  E.)  Each  lozenge  contains  between  the  fifth 
and  sixth  of  a  grain  of  lactucarium. 

Tuocmsci  Magne'si^E,  Troches  of  Jfagne'sia. 
(^fagnes.  ,^iv;  sacchar.  Ibj  ;  myrist.  ])ulv.  ^j  ; 
iiinciliig.  tragacanth.  q.  s.  Make  into  troches. — 
Ph.  U.  S.)  Useful  in  acidity  of  the  stomach,  with 
constipation. 

Trochisci  Munth^  Piperi't^,  Troches  of 
Peppermint.  (01.  menth.  piperit.  f ,^j  ;  sacchar. 
in  pulv.  Ibj;  mucilag.  tragacantha,  C{.  s.  Make 
into  troches.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  as  a  carmina- 
tive. 

TliOCHlSCI  MoRPn'lvE,  Troches  nf  Jforph'ia. 
(}f<>rph.  Mnriat.  Qj  ;  Tinct.  Tolut.  5ss;  S<icchar. 
5  XXV.  ]\Iake  into  lozenges,  with  mucilage, 
weighing  15  grains  each. — Ph.  E.)  Each  lozenge 
contains  about  one-fortieth  of  a  grain  of  muriate 
of  morphia.     Used  to  allay  cough. 

Trochisci  Mohph'i^  et  Ipecacuan'h^,  Tro- 
ches    of  Morph'ia    and    Ipecacuan'hn.       (Morph. 

ur.   ^j  ;    Ipecac,   pulv.  ^}  ;    Tinct.    Tolut.  f5''S 


Sacchar 


;xxv.     Make  into  a  mass  with  muci- 


lage, and  form  lozenges,  15  grains  each. — Ph.  E.) 
Each  lozenge  contains  about  one-fortieth  of  a 
grain  of  the  muriate.     Used  to  allay  cough. 

Trochisci  Nitra'tis  Potas'S/E,  Nitre  Troches. 
(Potassa  nitrat.  p.  j;  «f(CcA.  pur.  p.  iij.  Make 
irifo  troches  with  mucilage  of  tragacanth.  —  Ph. 
E.)  In  slight  inflamiuatory  sore-throat  and 
fever. 


TnoCHisci  PECTonALES  Regis  DANonnM,  T. 
glycyrrhizae  cum  opio  —  t.  Sedalivo-balsainica, 
T.  glycyrrhizaj  cum  opio. 

TrOCHIS'cI  SoD/K  RicAIIBONA'tIS,  Troches  of 
Bicar'bonate  of  Soda.  (Soda  bicarb.  ,^iv;  sac 
char,  in  pulv.  lt)j  :  mucilag.  tragacanth.  (j.  s.  To 
be  made  into  a  mass,  and  divided  into  troches, 
each  weighing  ten  grains. — Ph.  U.  S.)     Antacid. 

The  Pastilles  de  Vichy,  Pastilles  dlgextires 
d'llauterive-  Vichy,  Pastil'li  digesti'ri  Parcel' ii, 
composed  of  bicarbonate  of  soda,  oil  <f  ])cji- 
perniint,  and  sugar,  are  much  used  in  Fiaiico, 
like  the  Vichy  waters,  in  cardialgia,  gout,  and 
lithiasis. 

Trochisci  Stibiati,  Tabellae  antimoniales 
Kunckelii  —  t.  Thebaici,  T.  glycyrrhizae  cum 
opio. 

TROCHISQUE,  Trochiscos. 

TROCIl'lTER,  from  T//o;^<.£iv,  'to  turn.'  The 
larger  of  the  two  tuberosities  at  the  ujiper  extre- 
mity of  the  OS  humeri ;  so  called  because  it  all'ords 
insertion  to  rotator  muscles. —  Chaussicr. 

TROCllITER'IAN,  in  the  language  of  Chaus- 
sier,  means  any  thing  belonging  or  relating  to 
the  trochiter. 

TROCH'LEA,  Trochil'ia,  (F.)  TrochUe  ou 
Trohlee.  A  pulley;  from  rpo'x^ae.iv,  'to  turn,' — for 
example,  the  articular  surface  at  the  lower  extre- 
mity of  the  OS  humeri;  so  called  from  its  forming 
a  kind  of  pullej'  on  which  the  ulna  moves,  in 
flexion  and  extension  of  the  forearm.  Also,  the 
cartilaginous  pulley  over  which  the  tendon  of  llio 
trochlearis  muscle  passes,  at  the  upper  and  inner 
part  of  the  orbit. 

Trochlea  Labyrinthi,  Cochlea. 

TROCHLEARIS,  Obliquus  superior  oculi. 

TROCHLEATEUR,  GRAND,  Obliquus  su- 
perior oculi — t.  Petit,  Obliquus  superior  oeuli. 

TROCULEE,  Trochlea. 

TRO'CIIOID,  from  rpuxoi,  'a  wheel,'  and  tiio;, 
'resemblance.'  Trocho'i' des,  Ax'ea  commissu'ra. 
An  articulation,  in  which  one  bone  turns  upon 
another,  like  a  wheel  upon  its  axle;  as  the  Atlu' 
ido-axoid  articulation. 

TROCIIOIDES,  Axea  commissura. 

TROiiNE,  Ligustrum  vulgare. 

TROISQUARTS,  Trocar. 

TROKANTER,  Trochanter. 

TROKANTERIAN,  Trochanterian. 

TROKANTINIAN,  Trochantinian. 

TROKLEE,  Trochlea. 

TROLLIUS  LAXUS,  T.  America'nu^.  Globe 
flower;  Oc/c-c,  Ranunculaceaj ;  indigciioiis  :  has 
the  same  medical  properties  as  the  Ranunculus. 

TROMOMANIA,  Delirium  tremens. 

TROMOPARANCEA,  Delirium  tremens. 

TROMOS,  see  Paralysis  agitans. 

TROMOSPASMUS,  Tremor. 

TROMPE,  Tuhn  —  t.  d'Eustache,  Eustachian 
tube — t.  de  Fallojte,  Tuba  Fallopiaiia — t.  Uterine, 
Tuba  Fallopiana. 

TROMUS,  Tremor. 

TRONC,  Trunk—*.  Brachial,  Brachial  artery 
—  t.  Basilaire,  Basilary  artery. 

TROPiE'OLUM  MA  JUS,  Nasfur'tium  Tnd'i. 
cum  seu  Pernvia'nnin,  Acriri'ola,  Flos  saiajiiiu'- 
eus  monar'di,  Cardamin'duni  tnajus,  Car'damum 
majus,  Indian  Cress.  Ord.  Geraniaceac.  Sex. 
Syst.  Octandria  Monogynia.  (F.)  Cresson  drs 
fndes,  Cresson  du  Mexique,  Cajjucine.  An  anti- 
scorbutic. 

Tkop^'olum  Tubero'sum,  Ulluco.  A  tuberous 
plant,  cultivated  in  the  Sierra,  Peru.  It  is  smaller 
than  the  potato. 

TROPIIALIS,  Colostrum. 

TROPIIE,  Aliment,  Cibatio,  Pabulum. 

TROPill.     Same  etymon  as  Trophy.     In  in- 


TROPIIICAL 


933 


TUBE 


sects,  the  parts  of  the  mouth  that  are  employed 
in  receiving;  and  pro|)arinK  'he  food. 

TROl'iriCAL,  Tro/ili'icHu,  (F.)  Trophique. 
Same  etymon  as  Trophy,  llelating  to  uourish- 
inent  or  nutrition. 

TitoiMi'ic'AL  NiniVKS.  The  organic  nerves,  or 
nerves  of  the  syinpatlietic  sy.-.tem,  have  been 
so  termed,  from  the  belief  that  they  are  concerned 
in  niitrilion. 

TROPIIIMOS,  Nutrition. 

TKOIMIOXEUKO'SES,  from  Tp„<t,v,  'nourish- 
ment,' and  lU'.nriiHiH.  Morbid  conditions  of  the 
process  of  nutrition,  owing  to  modified  nervous 
influenee.  —  Iloinljcrg. 

TllOl'irON'OSI,  Troph.nni'x!,  from  rfo.pv, 
'nourishment,'  and  voaoi,  'a  disease.'  Diseases 
of  iiMtfition. 

TIIOPII'Y,  TrtijJi'id,  rpoStj,  a  suffix  denoting 
'  nourisliment  or  nutrition;'  as  in  hyiitOTtrojjbi/, 
'excess  of  nourishment  or  nutrition.' 

TKOPONU'Sr,  Jlforbi  trop'ici,  from  rpon-ij.  the 
solstitial  or  tropical  point  where  the  sun  turns  or 
alters  its  course,  and  lovaog,  'a  disease.'  Dis- 
eases tliat  prevail  in  the  tropics. 

TROSTER,  see  Spirit. 

TROU,  Foramen— <.  Atwni/nie,  Foramen  stylo- 
mastoideum — t.  Areiig/e  ou  /i<iii/iie,  Cajcum  fora- 
men— I.  liortjue.  of  the  Medulla  oblongata,  Fora- 
men caecum  of  the  medulla  oblongata  —  t.  c/e 
Ilotii/,  Cotal  foramen.  Ovale  foramen — t.  Decliire 
aiiten'eiir,  Lacerum  anterius  foramen — t.  Derhiri 
pi>8tSiiei(i;  Lacerum  posterius  foramen  —  t.  Epi- 
tieiix,  Spinale  foramen  —  t.  Afentoniiiei;  Mental 
foramen — t.  Optiqiie,  Foramen  opticuin — <.'  Or- 
hihi'ne  mipericiir,  Foramen  supra-orbitarium  —  t. 
Oibittiiie  Hiipfi-iciir,  Orbitar  foramen  superior- — • 
t.  Ocale,  Ovale  foramen — t.  lioiid,  jJe/it,  Spinale 
foramen  —  t.  Soiifi-nrbitaire,  see  Suborbitar  canal 
— (.  Siiii8-pii.bieii,  Obturatorium  foramen — t.  Sphe- 
»i>-<'p!neit.c,  Spinale  foramen  —  t.  Sua-orhitaire, 
For^imen  supra-orbitarium. 

TROUS  OAROTWIENS,  Carotica  foramina 
—  (.  C(in(hjloi<lienn,  Condyloidca  foramina  —  t.  de 
C<iiijii;/(iiDi»i,  Conjugatioriis  foramina,  see  Verte- 
bric  —  *.  0//'tcti/s,  Olfactory  foramina  —  t.  lia- 
chidicim,  Spinal  foramina. 

TROUSSE,  Case  (pocket). 

TROCSSM-GALAyT,  Cholera  morbus. 

TROUSSEA  U,  Fasciculus. 

TR  0  ('SSEA  UX  A  H  R  [ERE  -  MESENTE- 
RIQUES  (F.).  A  name  given  by  Winslow  to 
the  nervous  plexus  situate  between  the  two  me- 
senteric plexuses,  of  which  it  is  a  dependence, 
and  which  descends  into  the  pelvis  to  concur  in 
the  fcirni:ition  of  the  hypogastric  plexus. 

TRUI5S,  Lycoperdon  tuber. 

TRirCIv,  see  Medicament. 

TRIU'ULEXTUS,  Homicidal. 

TRUlXiEP.ACKED,  see  Hump. 

TRin<:i,ii\-E,  Paris,  Trillium  latifolium. 

T  RTF  I'  a.  Lycoperdon  tuber. 

TRUFKIi!';.  Lycoperdon  tuber  —  t.  Hart's, 
Ebi|)lic)iiivcL's  uranulatus. 

TRULL. A.  Fart. 

TKn.MRUS.  Thrombus. 

TRUMPET  CREEPER,  Tecoma  radieans— t. 
Flower,  Tecoma  radieans  —  t.  Weed,  Eupatorium 
purpureum. 

TRUXrUS,  Trunk. 

TRUXK,  TniiK-its,  (F.)  7'/-o»c.  The  principal 
part  of  the  body,  to  which  the  limbs  are  articu- 
lated.    The   trunk   has    been  divided  into  three 

parts: a  S'ly"- '•'''"■>  the  head;  a  middle,  the  tho- 

vni;  and  an  inferior,  the  pelris.  These  three 
rcions  contain  the  great  splanchnic  cavities. 
They  are  united  by  a  common  nialh-  —  the  verte- 
bral column.     To  the  middle  are  articulated  the  , 


superior  extremities;  and,  to  the  inferior,  the 
lower  extremities. 

The  trunk  of  an  artery,  vein,  nerve,  or  lym- 
phatic, is  its  largest  part,  which  has  not  yet  given 
off  branches.  It  is,  also,  applied  to  the  parent 
vessel,  after  branches  have  been  sent  off. 

TRUSS,  from  (F.)  tron><s€r,  'to  tie  up.'  Bm- 
che'riiim,  Brachie'ritim,  Jirachi'le,  Brochi'rolnin, 
Ihiicheri'olnni,  Amma,  Hanimn,  Subliyac'ulnni, 
Siiblir/atii'rii,  (F. )  Brayer.  A  hernial  bandage 
for  keeping  hernia  reduced.  The  ancient  trusses 
were  inelastic.  They  consisted  simply  of  a  pad 
and  strap.  At  the  present  day,  elastic  bandages 
are  alone  employed.  They  possess  the  advantage 
of  making  an  e((uable  and  continuous  pressure  on 
the  aperture  of  the  sac,  and  of  yielding  to  the 
changes  of  form  in  the  abdcmiinal  parietes.  Tho 
most  important  part  of  these  bandages  is  a  piece 
of  narrow  steel,  flat,  and  adapted  to  the  shape  of 
the  body.  This  is  the  spring,  (F.)  Ressorl.  It 
embraces  the  body  on  the  side  affected ;  extends 
from  beyond  the  spine,  and  terminates  opposite 
the  ruptured  part,  by  an  iron  plate  to  which  it  is 
riveted.  The  posterior  surface  of  this  plate  is 
furnished  with  a  convex  jjnd,  (F.)  Pelute,  adapted 
in  shape  and  size  to  the  aperture  which  it  has  to 
close.  The  spring  is  covered  with  leather,  and  its 
inner  surface  is  padded :  a  strap  extends  from  its 
posterior  extremity  ;  passes  round  the  sound  side, 
and  is  attached  to  the  plate  of  the  pad.  This 
strap  is  pierced  with  numerous  holes,  which  allow 
the  patient  to  tighten  or  slacken  it  at  pleasure. 
Trusses  have  been  variously  constructed;  and 
different  patents  obtained  for  the  modifieations. 
They  all  act  upon  the  above  principle.  Some- 
times they  have  a  double  pad. 

TRYGODES,  Feculent. 

TRYPANON,  Trepan. 

TRYPESIS.  Trepanning. 

TRYPSIS.  Friction. 

TSCHERP.ET,  Sherbet. 

TSIIETTIK,  Upas  tieutfi. 

TSIANA,  Costus. 

TSJAMPAGA,  Michelia  ehampaea. 

TUBA,  Tube — t.  Aristotelica,  Eustachian  tube 

—  t.  Cicca,  Tuba  Fallopiana  —  t.  Uterina,  Tuba 
Fallopiana  —  t.  Vocalis,  Tube,  vocal. 

TUBAL  PREGNANCY,  see  Pregnancy,  tubal 

—  t.  Respiration,  see  Murmur,  respiratorv. 
TUBE,  Tnbn,   Trumpet,  Snlpinx,  (F.)  'Trompe. 

A  name  given  to  some  parts  which  are  hollow 
and  have  the  shape  of  a  trumpet. 

Ti'ni:,  Alimkntahy,  Canal,  alimentary  —  t. 
Eustachian,  Eustachian  tube. 

TUBK,  FaI-Lo'pian,  Tnbn  Faflopia'na  seu  F(d- 
lopil  seu  uteri'nn  seu  cased,  Metroxatptinx,  Hyn'- 
terosiilpinx,  Oridtic'tus  mulie'briK,  Vas  deferens 
miilie' rin,  Dnctnn  vtirieo'sun  seu  Prncev'siiH  Intern', 
lis  seu  Mea'tuH  seminii'lis  seu  Jfe'ntns  Keminn' riiiH 
u'teri,  O'riduct,  Veetor  cfin<d,  (F.)  Trompe  de 
Fidlope  ou  uterine,  is  a  canal,  floating  in  the  ab- 
domen, and  extending  on  each  side  from  the 
superior  angles  of  the  uterus  as  far  as  the  sides 
of  the  brim  of  the  pelvis.  They  are  4  or  5  inches 
long.  Near  the  uterus,  they  are  straight  and 
very  narrow  ;  but,  in  their  course,  they  widen, 
become  tortuous,  and  terminate  by  a  free,  ex- 
panded, nnd  fm'brifitetl  extremity  ;  called,  also, 
Fidi<t'ceiim  oriKimen'tum,  Morsnn  dinb'oli,  Tnfnn- 
dib'ulum  seu  Digilalio'nes  seu  Fim'brice  seu  Vex- 
illoB  seu  Lncin'ice  tubd'rnm  Fallo'pii,  (F.)  Jfor- 
cedu  franii$,  Pnvillnn  de  la  trompe,  Morcenn  dn 
didble.  Within,  the  tubes  are  hollow  and  lined 
by  a  mucous  membrane :  the  tissue  exterior  to 
which  is  spongy  and  erectile.  The  use  of  the 
Fallopian  tubes  is  to  conduct  the  sperm  to  the 
ovarium,  and  the  fecundated  ovum  back  to  the 
uterus.  They  establish  a  coiiimunication  between 
tho  cavity  of  tho   peritoucum   and   that  of  the 


TUBER 


0  8  4 


TUDEIICULIZATION 


uterus,  the  abJominnl  termination  being  termed 
Oi'lium  iibdoiiiiiiu'le ;  the  uterine  On'tiiim  iiteri'- 
iiiim.  When  the  tube  embraces  the  ovary,  a  fun- 
nel-shaped cavity — Uorol'lu  ixfuiidibuUform'ia — 
is  formed  at  its  extremity,  into  which  the  ovule 
passes. 

Tube,  Intestinal,  Canal,  alimentary. 

Tube,  Q^Isophage'al,  Stumach  Tube.  A  long 
elastic  gum  tube,  capable  of  being  passed  into 
the  oesophagus  or  stomach. 

Tube,  Pollen,  see  Pollen. 

Tube,  Rectal,  Be/eca'tion  tube.  An  elastic 
gum  tube,  similar  to  the  last,  which  is  sometimes 
passed  into  the  colon,  to  remove  air  from  that 
intestine,  or  to  enable  enemata  to  be  thrown  up 
into  it. 

Tube,  Stomach,  see  Tube,  oesophageal. 

Tube,  Vocal,  Tuba  vuva'lis.  The  part  of  the 
air  p.assages  above  the  inferior  ligaments  of  the 
larynx,  including  the  passages  through  the  nose 
and  mouth. 

TU13EU,  Hump,  Lycoperdon  tuber.  Tubercle 
— t.  Annulare,  Pons  varolii — t.  Alloido-occlpilal, 
Rectus  capitis  posticus  minor — t.  Cervinum,  Ela- 
phomyces  granulatus — t.  Cibarium,  Lycoperdon 
tuber. 

Tubeu  CINE'REU^f,  T.  C.  cum  Iiifiinih'b' ulo.  A 
grayish  tubercle,  seen  at  the  base  of  the  brain 
behind  the  commissure  of  the  optic  nerves,  which 
is  continuous  with  the  infundibulum. 

TuBEii  CoupouLS  Callosi,  see  Corpus  callosum. 

Tuber  Fhontale,  Frontal  protuberance  —  t. 
Gulosorum,  Lycoper<lon  tuber  —  t.  Gutturosum, 
Bronchocele  —  (.  Ischio-lrochautirien,  Quadratus 
femoris — t.  Ischii,  see  Isehiatic — t.  Nigrum,  Ly- 
coperdon tuber  —  t.  Pariotale,  see  Parietal  Bones 
— t.  Pellagra,  Pellagra — t.  Tympani,  Promontory 
of  the  tytnpanum. 

TUBERA  TERR^,  Lycoperdon  tuber. 

TU'BERCLE,  Tnber'cnhim,  Tuber,  Straiujnl'- 
ioii,  Strcni'yttUx,  Tiibef'ciilous  depos'it,  (vulg.) 
a  Kernel,  a  Knot,  (F.)  Tiibercule.  A  tumour 
in  the  substance  of  organs,  from  the  production 
of  new  matter;  —  sensation  null;  growtlj  slug- 
gish. In  Patliolorjical  Aiiiilomi/,  the  term  is 
generally  given  to  a  species  of  degeneration 
which  consists  of  an  opake  matter,  of  a  pale  yel- 
low colour :  this,  in  its  crude  condition,  has  a 
consistence  analogous  to  that  of  concrete  albu- 
men :  it  subsequently  becomes  soft  and  friable, 
and  gradually  ac(juires  a  consistence  and  appear- 
ance analogous  to  those  of  pus.  Tubercles  may  be 
developed  in  different  parts  of  the  body:  but  they 
are  most  frequently  observed  in  the  lungs  and 
mesentery.  Pulmonary  tubercles,  Piientiinphi/'- 
mula,  Tiiber'cu/ii  Pu/nio'num,  (F.)  TnberculeH  pud- 
WDiim'res,  are  the  cause  of  Tuber'culur  Phthisis. 
Mt'seiiteric  tubercles  are  often  met  with  in  the 
same  affection,  but  particularly  in  Tubes  Mesen- 
tcrica.  Laennec  classes  tubercles  among  the 
accidental  tissues,  which  have  no  resemblance  to 
the  natural  tissues,  and  which  never  exist  except 
in  consequence  of  morbid  action.  Others  con- 
sider them  as  a  scrofulous  degeneration.  Brous- 
sais  conceives  that  thej'  are  produced  exclusively 
by  inflammation  of  the  white  vessels,  whose  ex- 
istence, however,  is  more  than  questionable. 
When  tubercles  in  any  organ  are  few  in  number, 
they  may  pass  to  the  state  of  permanent  indura- 
tion without  danger  to  the  patient;  but  when 
they  are  very  numerous,  they  usually  cause  se- 
rious mischief.  Dr.  Baron  considers  that  they  are 
ptroduced  by  hydatids.  The  morbid  condition 
which  gives  rise  to  the  development  of  tubercles, 
Tiibereuliid'tiou,  is  termed  Tuhcrcnlu'sia,  Jforbus 
t'lbercu/o'sus,  Siruniosis  seu  Phi/niato'sia  pulmo- 
intm,  and  Di/sci-n'sia  TubercHl(>'s<t.  Tubercles  are 
seen  of  various  forms, — to  wit,  in  fine  points,  (F.) 
J'otisniere   talerculeuae,  gray  and  yellow  granu- 


lations, miliary  tubercles;  and  gray  and  yellow 
tubercular  masses,  softened,  and  cretaeeo\is. 

Tubeucle,  Black,  Melanosis  —  t.  Painful  sub- 
cutaneous, see  Neuroma. 

TUBERCLES  OF  THE  AREOLA,  sec  Mam- 
ma. 

TuBEncLES,  Pearly,  T.  seba'ceous  mil'lury, 
Follic'u/ar  cleva'tioiis.  Small  colieclions  of  se- 
baceous matter  in  the  sebaceous  glands  or  duels, 
often  seen  in  the  thin  skin  of  the  lower  eyelids, 
where  they  sometimes  attain  an  inconvenient 
size. 

Tubercles,  Sebaceous  Miliary,  T.  pearly. 
TUBER'CULA  ARAN'TII,  Cor'jmmseu  Cor- 
piis'culd  Ar<tu'tii,  Tubercles  i>/  Ariiulius  or  Annizl. 
Small  eminences  at  the  middle  part  of  the  convex 
edge  of  the  semilunar  valves  of  the  iiulmonary 
artery  and  aorta. 

TuBEUciiLA  Arthritica,  Calculi,  arthritic — t. 
Cerebri,  Encephalophymata — t.  (Jonorrhoiea,  (jo- 
norrhoea  impura — t.  Ilepatis,  Ilefjtilo-slrumnsie  — 
t.  Intestinorum,  Enterophymata  —  t.  Nervorum 
nodosa.  Ganglions,  nervous  —  t.  Parva  durse  iiia- 
tris,  GlanduUe  Pacchioni — t.  Peritonivi.  Cadio- 
phymata  —  t.  Pulmouum,  see  Tubercles  (of  the 
lungs) — t.  Quadrigemina,- Quadrigeiuina  Tuber- 
cula. 

TUBER'CULAR,  Tuber'culous,  Tuherculo'sus, 
Tuber'culute,  Tuber' cidated,  (F.)  Tubercideujr, 
Tubcrcule.  That  which  relates  to  tubercles,  or 
which  is  formed  by  tubercles. 

Tubercular  or  Tuberculous  Constitution 
or  Diathesis,  Phlliisio'sis,  i.s  the  habit  of  body 
which  predisposes  to  tubercular  phthisis;  as  Tu- 
bercuhius  Cachex'iu,  Tuberculo'sis,  3l(>rbus  tuber- 
culo'sus,  Dijsvra'sin  tuberculo'sa,  is  the  condition 
of  one  labouring  under  tuberculosis. 

Tubercular  Matter.  A  morbid  production, 
contained  in  cysts,  or  loose  in  the  tissue  of  or- 
gans. It  varies,  in  its  consistence,  at  the  difl'er- 
ent  periods  of  the  tubercular  affection  :  being,  at 
first,  compact,  and  yellowish;  at  times,  calca- 
reous ;  afterwards  pultaceous,  semi-fluid,  and 
curdy.     See  Tubercle. 

Tubercular  Phthisis  is  that  produced  by  the 
development  of  tubercles  in  the  lungs. 

Tubercular  Sore  Thkoat,  Pharyngitis,  folli- 
cular. 

TUBERCULATR,  Tubercular. 
Tubeuculate  Sauco'ma  of  Ab'ernethy,  Em- 
phy'ina  Siircomn  tnberculo'sum,  Tumor  tubercii- 
losus.  Tubercles,  firm,  round,  and  clustering; 
pea-sized  or  bean-sized;  yellowish  or  brownish- 
red;  when  large,  disposed  to  ulcerate,  and  pro- 
duce a  painful,  malignant,  and  often  fatal  sore. 
Found  chiefly  in  the  lymphatic  glands  of  the 
neck;  often,  simultaneously,  in  other  glands  and 
organs. 

TUBERCULATED,  Tubercular  —  t.  Liver, 
Cirrhosis. 

TUBERCULE,  Tubercle. 
TUBERCULE,  Tubercular. 
TUBERCULES  BIJUMEAUX,  Quadrige- 
mina tubercula  —  t.  des  Olandcs  lympliatiques. 
Scrofula  —  t.  dit  Foie,  Hepcitostrnmosie  —  t.  des 
Gau'jUons  Jfesenteriqnes,  Tabes  mesenterica  — 
t.  of  the  Larynx  and  Fauces,  Pharyngitis, 
follicular  —  t.  Miliary,  see  Granulation  —  t. 
Pisiformes,  Mamillary  tubercles — /.  Puliitoiioires, 
see  Tubercle — t.  Qiuidrijumeaux,  Quadrigemina 
corpora. 

TUBERCULEUX,  Tubercular. 
TUBERCULI'TIS.     a  word  of  hybrid  forma- 
tion;     from    tuberculnm,    'a    tubercle,'    and    ills, 
denoting  inflammation.     Inflammation   of  a  tu- 
bercle or  of  tubercular  masses.  —  Jos.  Frank. 
TUBERCULIZATION,  see  Tubercle. 


TUBERCULOSIS 


0  3  5 


TUNAS 


TUP.KRCULO.SIS.  see  Tubercle,  and  Tubcrcu- 
r^/ Ciiclicxiu — t.  Laryni^is  et  Tnicbcae,  Phthisis 
l.irynf;eii  —  t.  Piiliiiotiuin.  Phthisis  puluioualis  — 
t.  Tcrt'-tiriiriiiii,  VcvtifUriil  discMse. 
TdlJKKCULOSUS,  Tuhercular. 
Ti:i5KUCUL0l'S.  Tubercular— t.  Deposit,  Tu- 
bercle —  t.  Disease  of  the  Lunj^s,  Phthisis  pul- 
lll'inalis  —  t.  Dust,  Poimniire  tnlieicnlenic. 

Tl.'BKKCULUM,  diminutive  of  tuber,  Tu- 
bercle. 

TfBKncin.TiM  Cine'rkum,  'Ash  coloured  tuber- 
cle;' Fimri'olii  riiie'rea.  A  mass  of  cineritious 
substance  at  the  top  of  the  calamus  scriptorius, 
which  is  continuous  below  with  the  posterior 
horn  of  cineritious  substance  in  the  cord,  and 
upon  the  sides  with  the  corpus  restiforine. 

TrnKRCi'i.rM  Lacrymalk.  see  Lachrymal 
puncta  —  t.  Loweri,  Lower,  tubercle  of. 

TIJBEROSITAS,  Tuberosity  —  t.  Tympani, 
Promontory  of  the  tympanum. 

TUBEUOSITE  BICII'ITALE,  Bicipital  tu- 
bercle—  t.  Sci'iliqiie,  see  Ischiatic. 

TUBEROS'ITY.  Tuhisrus' itux,  (F.)  TuheroxltS, 
from  h(bci-,  'a  bump.'  Anatomists  have  given 
this  name  to  an  eminence  or  process,  the  surface 
of  which  is  unecjual  and  rough  ;  and  which  gives 
attachment  to  muscles  or  ligaments. 

TUBES  OF  FERREIN,  see  Uriniferous  Tubes. 
TUB!   MEMBRANACEI,    see  Villous    mem- 
branes. 

■  TU'BULAR,  Tubula'ih,  Tubiilo'niifi,  (F.)  Tit- 
hitl'.'Kx,  Tiibiilaire.  Same  etymon  as  the  ne.\t. 
Relating  to  or  having  the  form  of  a  small  tube. 
An  epitlict  ap|)lied  to  glands  —  Ghin'cliilm  tiihn- 
lii'fia:,  which,  like  those  of  the  stomach,  have  the 
shape  of  small  tubes. 

TiiBiiLAii  Blowing  Sound,  see  Murmur,  respi- 
ratory— t.  Neurine,  see  Neurine — t.  Substance  of 
the  Ki'lney,  see  Kidney. 

TUBULE,    Ta'bnlKs;  diminutive  of  Tuba,  'a 
tube.'     A  small  tube. 
rUnULEUX,  Tubular. 

TUBULI  BELLINI,  Uriniferous  tubes— t. 
Contort!,  see  Uriniferous  tubes— t.  Dura<  matris. 
Sinuses  of  the  dura  mater  —  t.  Ferreinii,  see  Uri- 
niferous tubes  — t.  Nervei,  Nerve  libres  —  t.  Pel- 
vis renura,  see  Calix — t.  Recti,  see  Rete  testis  and 
Uriniferous  tubes  —  t.  Seminiferi,  see  Testicle 
— t.  Seminales,  see  Testicle — t.  Uriniferi  Bellini, 
Uriniferous  tubes. 

TUBULOSUS,  Tubular. 

TUBULUS,  Cannula  — t.  Centralis  Modioli, 
see  Tractus  spiralis  foraminulentus. 

TUBUS  ACUSTICUS,   Ear- trumpet  —  t.  Ali- 
mentarius.  Canal,  alimentary  —  t.  Intestinorum, 
Canal,  alimentary— t.  Nervorum,  Neurilemma— 
t.  PoUinicus,  see   Pollen  —  t.  Yermicularis   caeci, 
Appendix  vermiformis  c;uci. 
TUCKAIIO,  Lycoperdon  tuber. 
TUE-CIIIES',  Colchicum  autumnale. 
TULBACi'HIA  ALLIA'CEA.     A  South  Afri- 
can  plant,  Nat.  Old.  Asphodelese,  the  bulbs  of 
which, .boiled  in  milk,  arc  recommended  in  phthi- 
sis and  as  an  anthelmintic. 

Titlba(jhln  cepa'cea  and  T.  viola'cea,  serve  the 
eanio  pur|)ose. 

TULIP,  CAPE,  Homeria  collina — t.  Tree, 
Liriodeiidron. 

Tl'LIPIEn.  Liriodendron. 
TULIPIKERA  LIRIODENDRON,  Lirioden- 
dron tulipifera. 

TUMEF\CTIO.  Swelling— t.  Mollis,  PuflSness. 
TUiMESCENTIA    PITUITOSA,  Leucophleg- 

matia. 

'JT.UEUR,  Tumour  —  t.  Annmnle,  see  Hfema- 
todes  fungus  —  '.  Bluuchc,  llydrarthru.s  —  ^  Cn- 
vrniciiie,  "see  llicmatodes^  fungus  —  t.  Eiicfj,ha- 
luide,  Encepbaloid  — «.  Ereclile,  see  Ilxmatudes 


fungus — t.  FoDgn'irle,  Encephaloid — t.  Fottf/iieuiff 
Encephaloid  —  (.  Ilemorrhiiyitde  circoimcrile,  see 
Aneurism  —  t.  LyinjJintique  dee  aiticiilatiniiii, 
llydrarthrus  —  t.  Qiiiivoie,  Encephaloid  —  I.  I'ul- 
]ieiiae,  Encephaloid  —  t.  Sj)lein'foniie,  Encepha- 
loid— t.  SpoiifjicKHr,  Encephaloid — t.  Vuriqiieufc, 
see  llaptnatodes  fungus. 

TUMOR,  Swelling,  Tumour— t.  Albus,  ITydr.ar- 
thrus — t.  Anoinalus,  lla-niatodes  fungus — t.  Artu- 
um,  Obdormitio- — t.  Capitis  Sanguineus,  Cephala- 
matoma — t.  Carneus,  Sarcoma — t.  Cysticus,  En- 
eysiis  —  t.  Cysticus  serosus,  Hygroma  —  t.  Des- 
moides,  Tumour,  fibrous  —  t.  Fibrosus,  Tumour, 
fibrous — t.  Ficosus,  Ficus — t.  Flatulentus,  Em- 
physema—  t.  Fugax,  see  Fugacious — t.  Fungo- 
sus  articuli.  Spina  ventosa  —  t.  Fungosus  sangui- 
neus, IIa?inatodes  fungus — t.  Gangliformis,  (Jan- 
glion,  nervous — t.  Genarum,  Meloncus — t.  Genu 
albus,  Geuocaee — t.  Glandulae  parotideae,  Paroii- 
doncus  —  t.  Laeteus,  Galactocele  —  t.  Lardeu?, 
Stcatoma  —  t.  Malarum,  Meloncus  —  t.  Oviirii, 
Oarioncus  —  t.  Parotidis,  Parotidoneus  —  t.  Pro- 
statas, Prostatoncus — t.  Renalis,  Nepbroncus — t. 
Sanguineus,  Ilwmatoiua — t.  Sciuamiformis  carno- 
sus,  Lepidosnrcoma  —  t.  Tuberculosus,  Tulieroi- 
late  sarcnina  —  t.  Tunicatus,  Encystis  —  t.  Uteri. 
Ilysteroncus. 

TUMOUR, from  tiimeo,  'Iswell  ;'  Tumor,  Oncos, 
O11C118,  E/>nr'tiia,Epnrsiii,  Emphi/'mn,ExcreK(Cii'lia 
(Sauvages),  Ecpliy'mn,  (Sc.)  Sirahiie,  (F.)  Tamciir. 
A  rising  or  prominence,  of  greater  or  less  size, 
developed  by  a  morliific  cause  in  some  part  of  the 
body.  Cullen  delines  a  tumour  to  be  •'  a  j)artial 
swelling  without  inflammation."  Sauvages  re- 
stricts the  terra  to  a  rising  formed  by  the  conges- 
tion of  a  fluid  ;  and  he  calls  excreKcences  those 
which  have  a  fleshy  or  osseous  consistence.  Boycr 
defines  it  "  any  preternatural  eminence  developed 
on  any  \>nri  of  the  body."  Good  uses  it  synony- 
mously with  tubercle.  Boyer's  is  the  best  gene- 
ral definition.  Tumours  differ  greatly  from  each 
other;  according  to  their  seat,  the  organs  inte- 
rested, their  nature,  Ac. 

The  French  use  the  term  Tvmeur  blanche  sy- 
nonymously with  White  Swell  ill  (J  ; — see  Ilydrar- 
thrus.  The  term  is,  however,  applied  by  the 
generality  of  surgeons  to  swellings  of  the  greater 
joints,  without  change  of  colour  of  the  skin,  and 
of  a  more  or  less  firm  consistence,  which  are  de- 
pendent upon  disease  of  the  osseous  or  of  the  soft 
parts  about  the  joint. 

Scrofula  is  the  most  common  cause  of  these 
affections. 

TuMocn,  Ceixulo-Fibrotis,  Tumour  fibro-cel- 
lular — t.  Epithelial,  see  Epithelial. 

Tumour,  Fibro-Cel'htlar,  Celhdo  fhronn  tu- 
mour. A  soft  and  elastic  form  of  fibrous  tumour, 
a  variety  of  the  (jehttiiious  sarcoma  of  Rokitansky, 
of  which  the  softer  kind  of  polypus  of  the  nose  is 
an  example. 

Tumour,  Erec'tilk.  A  tumour  produced  by 
the  development  of  a  soft,  vascular  tissue,  which 
is  susceptible  of  elevation  and  depression.  See 
Erectile. 

Tumour,  Fibro-Plastic,  Sarcoma. 
Tumour,  Fibrous,  Fibrous  growth,  Fibro'mn, 
Fibroid,   Tito'ma,  Tumor  Jibro'sus  seu  deswuides, 
luohylo'tiia.      A    tumour    or   growth    formed    of 
fibrous  tissue. 

Tumour,  Laminated  Nacreous  Fattv,  Cho. 
lesteatoma — t.  Milk-like,  Encephaloid — t.  Phan- 
tom, see  Fantom. 

Tumour.  Var'itOSE,  Tumor  varico'sus.  A 
circumscribed,  bluish  tumour,  formed  by  the  dila- 
tation and  turgescenee  of  the  capillary  vessels  of 
a  part. 

TuMoun,  Vasculau,  see  llaemorrhois  and 
Nreviis. 

TUNAS,  see  Cactus  opuntia. 


TUNBRIDGE 


936 


TURNING 


TUNBRIDGE,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
celebrated  acidulous  chalybeate  in  Kent,  Enirland, 
a  few  miles  distant  from  the  village  of  Tunbridge, 
and  thirty-six  miles  south  of  London,  which  is 
much  frequented.  It  contains  carbonic  acid,  car- 
bonate of  iron,  and  sulphate  of  magnesia. 

TUNDA  OCULI,  Conjunctiva  membrana. 

TUNUUS  CORDIS,  Macro  cordis. 

TUNIC,  Tii'iiicn,  Ghi'toii,  a  coat.  An  enve- 
lope. A  name  given  to  different  membranes, 
which  envelop  organs  ;  as  the  tunics  or  coats  of 
the  eve,  .stomach,  bladder,  Ac. 

TUNICA  ACINALIS,  Uvea  — t.  Aciniformis, 
Uvea  —  t.  Acinosa,  Uvea  —  t.  Adnata,  Conjunc- 
tiva— t.  Adventitia,  see  Artery — t.  Agnata,  Con- 
junctiva—  t.  Albaoculi,  Sclerotic — t.  Albuginea, 
Albuginea,  see  Kidney — t.  Albuginea  oculi.  Scle- 
rotic— -t.  Allantoides,  Allantois — t.  Arachnodes, 
Arachnoid  membrane  —  t.  Aranea,  Arachnoid 
membrane — t.  Caduca,  Decidua — t.  Candida  oculi, 
Sclerotic  —  t.  Carnosa,  Panniculus  earnosus  —  t. 
Celluhiris,  see  Artery^t.  Conjunctiva,  Conjunc- 
tiva— t.  Costalis,  Pleura  —  t.  Crassa,  Decidua — t. 
Crystallina,  Arachnoid  membrane  —  t.  D^irtos, 
see  Dartos — t.  Dura  oculi,  Sclerotic — -t.  Durior  et 
crassa.  Sclerotic — t.  Elastica,  see  Artery — t.  Ely- 
troidcs.  Vaginalis  tunica  —  t.  Erythroides,  Cre- 
niaster' — t.  Exterior  ovi,  Decidua — -t.  Externa,  see 
Artery — t.  Extima  oculi.  Sclerotic — t.  Farcimina- 
lis,  Allantois  —  t.  Fibrosa,  see  Folliculi  Graafiani 
— t.  Filamentosn,  Decidua — t.  Glabra,  see  Artery. 

Tu.vicA  GuANULo'sA.  An  investment  of  the 
ovum  exterior  to  the  zona  pellucida,  described  by 
Dr.  Dnrry,  but  the  existence  of  which,  as  a  struc- 
ture, distinct  and  independent  from  the  membrana 
granulosa,  is  denied. 

Tunica  IIoutknsis,  Dianthus  caryophyllus  — 
t.  Innominata  oculi,  Sclerotic  —  t.  Interna  oculi. 
Retina. — t.  Intiraa,  see  Artery. 

Tunica  Jaco'bi,  Jleitibro'iia  Jnc.o'bi,  Jacob's 
emit  or  iiie.inbi<i)ie.  A  highly  delicate  serous 
membrane,  interposed  between  the  retina  and 
llie  clioroid  coat,  discovered  b}'  Dr.  Jacob,  of 
Dublin.  Its  structure  is  curious,  being  composed 
of  cylindrical,  transparent,  highly  refractive  staflf- 
sliaped  bodies,  and  hence  called  Strntnm  bnci/lo'- 
riim  seu  haciUa'tnm,  Ha'cilliir  Ini/er  of  the  retina, 
which  are  arranged  perpendicularly  to  the  sur- 
face of  the  retina,  their  outer  extremities  being 
imbedded,  to  a  greater  or  less  depth,  in  a  layer 
of  the  pigmentum  nigrum. 

Ti'NicA  Mkdia,  see  Artery  —  t.  Muscularis, 
Dartos  —  t.  Nervea  oculi.  Retina  —  t.  Nervorum, 
Neurilemma  —  t.  Perforata,  Uvea  —  t.  Praetensa 
abdominis.  Peritonaeum  —  t.  Propria,  see  Kid- 
ney —  t.  Reticularis,  Retina  —  t.  Retiformis, 
Retina  —  t.  Rhagoides,  Choroidea  tunica,  Uvea 
—  t.  Rubicunda  scroti,  Dartos  —  t.  Rubra, 
Dianthus  caryophyllus  —  t.  Ruyschiana,  see 
Choroid  —  t.  Subcostalis,  Pleura  —  t.  Thoracis, 
Corset  —  t.  Uvalis,  Uvea  —  t.  Uvea,  Uvea  — 
t.  Uviformis,  Uvea  —  t.  Vaginalis,  see  Vaginal — 
t.  Vaginalis  Linguse,  see  Tongue  —  t.  Vaginalis 
Propria,  Vaginal  coat  of  the  Testicle  —  t.  Vagi- 
nalis reflexa.  Vaginal  coat  of  the  Testicle  —  t. 
Vaginalis  testis,  see  Testicle — t.  Vasculosa  oculi, 
Choroid,  see  Eye. 

Tunica  Vasculo'sa  Testis,  Pia  mater  testis. 
An  extremely  delicate  membrane,  consisting  of 
minute  ramifications  of  the  spermatic  vessels 
united  by  areolar  tissue,  vphich  separates  the 
lobules  of  the  testis  from  each  other.  It  is  situ- 
ate immediately  witliin  the  tunica  albuginea,  and 
encloses  the  substance  of  the  gland.  It  sends 
processes  inward  that  separate  the  lobules,  in  the 
same  manner  as  the  pia  mater  is  reflected  between 
the  convolutions  of  the  brain. 

TrNicA  ViTREA,  Hyaloid  membrane. 

TUNICULA,  Clitoris. 


TUNIQUE    ALBUGIXEE,    Albuginea  —  «. 

Commune  de  Hieliat,  Endangium. 

TUN'NELLING.  A  term,  sometimes  cm- 
ployed  for  the  treatment  of  stricture  of  the  urethra, 
by  making  pressure  upon  it  from  within  so  as  to 
promote  its  removal  by  alisorption. 

TUNNYFISil,  SALTED.  Omotarichos. 

TUPIILO-ENTKRITIS,  Typhlo-enteritis. 

TUPIIUS,  Typhus. 

TUPINARIA,  Talpa. 

TURBA  HiEMORRIIOIDALIS,  see  IIa;mor- 
rhois. 

TURBATIONES  ANIMI,  Affections  of  tho 
mind. 

TUR'BINATED  BONES,  0«sa  tHrhina'ta. 
Bones  shaped  like  a  top  ;  from  turbo,  turbiiiis  or 
ttirben,  'atop;'  Ofsa  tpovyio'sa,  O.  ter'tia  mnx- 
illcB  siiperio'ris,  Ooninii,  Coiiclia:  vii'riutn  seu 
veii'eris,  Tnr'biiies  Hani  sou  iia'riiim,  VomhyVia, 
lincci'na,  Lam'ina  spoiii/lo'sa  nasi,  (Y.)  Cornels. 
Very  thin,  bony  plates,  rolled  up  in  the  form  of 
horns,  and  situate  in  the  nasal  fossa.  1.  On  spon- 
yio'snm  snpe'rius  or  Cornet  de  Morymjni ;  —  tlie 
highest.  2.  Os  sponyiosnm  me'dinm,  the  middle 
cornu  of  French  anatomists, — the  elhmoid'nl  coriiu 
or  Os  spontjiostim  snperius  seu  tnrbinatiim,  of 
English  anatomists,  Os  conroln'tnm  eiiperins, 
Concha,  C.  na'rium  superior  seu  Monjntpiia'na, 
(F.)  Cornet  moi/en.  This  bone  projects  inwards 
and  downwards  into  the  cavity  of  the  nose,  from 
the  ethmoid  cells  at  the  side  of  the  nasal  lamella, 
and  serves  to  enlarge  the  organ  of  smell.  It  is 
convex  towards  the  septum,  and  concave  out- 
wards. 3.  Os  Kjjonr/iosnni  seu  tiirbinatnm  iii/eriiis. 
Concha  inferior,  Convolu'tnm  in/eriiis  os,  Os  sons- 
ethmoiddl  (Ch.),  projects  at  the  under  part  of  the 
side  of  the  nose,  is  convex  towards  tlie  septum, 
and  concave  outwards.  It  is  connected  to  the 
OS  maxiUare,  os  palati,  and  os  unguis.  4.  Sphe- 
no'id'al  cornu. 

All  the  turbinated  bones  extend  the  olfactory 
surface. 

TURBINES  NASI  seu  NARIUM,  Turbinated 
bones. 

TURBITH  BLANC,  Globularia  alypura  — t. 
Mineral,  Hydrargyrus  vitriolatus  —  t.  Montpel- 
lier.  Globularia  alypum — t.  Noir,  see  llydrargyri 
oxydum  cinereum  —  t.  Plant,  Convolvulus  tur- 
pethnm. 

TURBO  CEREBRI,  Pineal  gland. 

TURGENTIA,  Turgescence. 

TURGES'CENCE,  Tnrf/es'cency,  Tnrgid'Hy, 
Tiir'(jidness,  7'nrgescen'lia,  Tnrr/eu'tia,  Oripts'mus, 
from  tnrtjescere,  'to  begin  to  »\ic\\,'  tnrijere,  '  Ui 
swell.'  Superabundance  of  humours  in  a  part. 
The  term  'J'loycscence  of  Bile  was  formerly  used 
to  denote  the  passage  of  that  fluid  into  the  sto- 
mach, and  its  discharge  by  vomiting.  A  vital 
action  of  turgescence  or  expansibility  —  Turgor 
vita'lis  —  has  been  presumed  to  exist  in  certain 
organs,  as  in  the  capillaries ;  but  the  generality 
of  physiologists  do  not  admit  it. 

TURGESCENTIA,  Turgescence. 

Turgksckn'tia  Vesic'ui.jK  FKi.T-'icyic,  Asci'tea 
Hep'ato-ci/s'ticns,  Physco'nia  SCU  Cystoce'le  bili- 
o'sa,  HepataVgia  Pctitin'na,  Hi/drocholecys'tis, 
Hydrops  vesi'cfB  fell'ecB,  (F.)  Ilydropisie  de  hi 
Vesicule  dit  Fiel,  Distension  de  la  Vesicide  dn 
Fiel,  Choi icysfiectasie.  Distension  of  tho  gall- 
bladder by  bile. 

TURGIDITY,  Turgescence. 

TURGIDNESS,  Turgescence. 

TURGOR  VITALIS,  see  Turgescence. 

TURMERIC,  Curcuma  longa,  Sanguinaria 
Canadensis. 

TURN  OF  LIFE,  see  Menses. 

TURNING,  Versio,  from  (F.)  toumer,  'to  turn.' 
(F.1   Version. 

Versio   FcetOs.    The  operation   of  bringing 


TURNIP 


937 


TYMPANITA 


down  the  feet,  or  some  part  of  the  lower  extremity,  i| 
when  the  presentation  of  the  chihl  is  such  thiit  I' 
it  ciinnot  Ue  delivered  hy  tlie  natural  efforts. 

TLMiXIP,  I5ras.sica  rapa  —  t.  Dra;,'()n,  Arum 
triphyliUMi  —  t.  Indian,  Arum  triphyllum  —  t. 
PopiiiT,  Arum  tripliyllum. 

TURN'S,  MensL'.s. 

Tnitl'HXTrXK,  Terehinthina— t.  Bordeaux, 
pee  Pinus  .sylveslris — t.  Briangon.  see  Pinus  cem- 
bra  —  t.  Cliio,  see  Pistacia  terebinthus  —  t.  Com- 
luon,  see  Pinus  sylvestris — t.  Common,  American, 
dee  Pinus  sylvestris  —  t.  Cyprus,  see  Pistacia 
terehintiius — t.  Damarra,  see  Pinus  damarra  —  t. 
Lombeya,  see  Domhuya  excelsa  —  t.  Horse,  see 
Pinus  sylvestris  —  t.  Strasl)urg,  see  Pinus  picea. 

Ttilli'KNTiNE  Thkk,  Pistacia  terebinthus. 

Tiiiti'K.viiNE,  Vknick,  see  Pinus  larix — t.  Ve- 
nice, true,  see  Pistacia  terebinthus — t.  White,  see 
Pinus  svlvostris. 

TIIRPETHUM,  Convolvulus  t.urpethum  —  t. 
Minerale,  llydrargyrus  vitriolatus — t.  Nigrum, 
Jlyilrargvri  oxvdum  cinereum. 

TUIt<)inyrTE,  Ilerniarla  glabra. 

TURQUOISE.  Tills  stone  has  been  long  im- 
agined to  change  its  colour,  according  as  the 
•wearer  is  at  the  time  in  good  or  bad  health  :  — 
a  superstitious  notion. 

TURTLE  BLOOM.  Chelone  glabra— t.  Green, 
Chelonia  nivdas  —  t.  Head,  Chelone  glabra. 

TURUNJM.  Tent. 

TURUN'D.E  ITAL'TC/E.  Pastes  made  of 
the  finest  and  most  glutinous  wheat  —  known 
under  the  names  of  Jfaccaruiii,  Vermicelli  and 
Ititlidii  or  C<(<//i'iri  piinte. 

TUUUNDilLA,  Tent. 

TUSCARORA  ACID  SPRING,  see  Canada, 
mineral  waters  of. 

TUSSACA  RETICULATA,  Goodyera  pubes- 
cens. 

TUSSEDO,  Tussis. 

TUSSrCULA,  Tussis. 

TUSSIC'ULAR,  Tiomicila'rix,  Tiissicih/x,!", 
from  diminutive  of  timiiH,  'a  cough.'  llelating 
to  a  ooiiL'h.  or  to  a  slight  eousrh. 

TUSSrCULOSUS,  Tussicular. 

TUSSILA'GO,  T.  Fur'/aia  seu  vuhjn'ris,  from 
ttimiin,  'a  cough,'  which  it  relieves;  Be'chinm, 
JSe'chiou,  Cnl'cenm  eqni' itnm,  OhnmadeH'ce,  Clni- 
mip.gei' ran,  Fil'iiiK  nnte  piitrem,  Farfitrel'ln,  Gnl- 
lluiiuvchns,  Fdiftiid,  F.  lic'chiinii,  Uii'ijuln  cn- 
bfilli'),,,,  CoUx/not,  Foal-foot,  (F.)  l\ts  d'diie, 
Herhe  de  Saiiit-Qninn.  Ord.  Compositae.  Nex. 
Si/nt.  Syngcnesia  Polygamia  Superflua.  It  is 
demulcent  and  expectorant,  and  has  been  used 
in  coughs,  and  pulmonary  affections  in  general, 
aud  in  some  cutaneous  diseases. 

'TussiLAGO  Faufaha,  Tussilago  —  t.  Ilybrida, 
T.  petasites. 

T()ssii,AGO  Petasi'tes,  T.  Jn/'bn'dn  seu  pe- 
trisllcx  hermnphrodl'ta,  Petanitex,  P.  major  seu 
ridieiiK  seu  o/ficinn'h'H  seu  hi/'bridus  seu  viil</rt'ris, 
liiitterhiir,  Pctiloit-wort.  The  roots  of  this  plant 
have  been  recommended  as  aperient  and  alcxi- 
pharmic.  They  have  a  strong  smell;  and  a  bit- 
terish, acrid  taste,  of  the  aromatic  kind,  but  not 
agreeable. 

Tl'SSII.AOO      PrTASITRS      IlERJfAPHRODITA,      T. 

petasites  —  t.  Vulgaris,  Tussilago. 

T['SSIS  —  diminutive,     TiiHsic'iila ;  Jifffma, 

JIpx,     Tnnne'do,     /ieuris,     TiiKfis    iiervo'uri,  Cotiir'- 

rh„x.    Pncisix    Tiimix,    Con,,/,,     Co„;,h!„;,,  (Prov.) 

Coiif',  (Av.)  IIoxi,  Hoaxl.  Hoixf.  (F.)  Toiix.  A  vio- 
lent, sonorous,  frequent,  and  short  expiration,  by 
means  of  which  the  air,  in  passing  rapidly 
through  the  bronchia  and  trachea,  carries  along 
with  ft  tlie  mucus  of  tlie  parts,  which  forms  the 
Fputa.  The  cough  is  said  to  be  dri/,  when  unac- 
comi'anied  by  expectoration.  It  is  symptumatic 
of  many  diseases.     See  Bronchitis. 


Trssrs  Ampiikmerina,  Pertussis  —  t.  Asinina, 
Pertussis — t.  Brouchica,  Cough,  tubal,  see  Bnm- 
chitis— t.  Canina,  Pertussis  —  t.  Catarrhalis  Sim- 
plex, Catarrh — t.  Clamosa,  Pertussis  —  t.  Clan- 
gosa.  Pertussis  —  t.  Convulsiva,  Pertussis  —  t. 
Delassans,  Pertussis  —  t.  Ferina,  Pertussis  —  t. 
Pueros  strangulans.  Pertussis  —  t.  Quinta,  Per- 
tussis— t.  Senilis,  Bronchitis  (chronic) — t.  Spas- 
modica.  Pertussis  —  t.  Stomaclialis,  Pertussis  — 
t.  Suffocans,  Pertussis  —  t.  Suffocativa,  Pertussis 
—  t.  Tussiculosn.  Pertussis. 

TUSSI\'^E;  Tuxsi'viw ;  from  tiixxis,  'cough.' 
Belonging  or  relating  to  cough  : — as  tiixxlve  vibra- 
tion ;  the  vibration  of  the  parietes  of  the  chest, 
caused  by  coughing. 

TUTAM'INA,  pi.  of  Tutnmen,  'a  defence,'  'a 
protection,'  from  tntiire,  'to  defend.'  Parts  are 
so  called  which  defend  or  j)rotect  each  other. 

TiJTAMiNA  Ceu'ebi:!  are  the  scalp,  pericra- 
nium, bones  of  the  skull,  and  tlie  uieninges. 

TuTAMiNA  Oc'uLl  are  the  eyebrows,  eyelids, 
and  laclirvmal  apparatus. 

TUTENAtJ,  Zincum. 

TUTilLA,  Tutia. 

TU'TIA,  Pom'phohjx,  Codwi'a,  Alfoxfi,  3fe- 
sera,  Cupiii'tix,  Tiithia,  Ox'i/diiin  ziiici  impii'riim. 
The  oxyd  of  zine  that  attaches  itself  to  the  chim- 
neys of  furnaces  in  which  ores  of  zinc  are  smelted. 
It  is  in  the  form  of  gray  incrustations;  and  is 
sometimes  used  for  making  an  eye-salve.  It  is 
prepared,  for  this  purpose,  by  levigation. 

TUTTKRING,  Stuttering. 

TWIGG'S  HAIR  DYE,'see  Hair  dye. 

TWIN.  Gemellus. 

TWINGE,  see  Pain. 

TWINKLING  OF  THE  EYE,  Nictation. 

TWINLEAF,  COMMON,  Jeffersonia  Bartoni. 

TWINROOT,  Orchis. 

TWINS,  SIAMESE.  Two  brothers,  Chang 
and  Eng,  connected  by  means  of  a  ligamentous 
band  passing  from  the  epigastrium  of  one  to  that 
of  the  other,  who  were  exhibited  in  various  parts 
of  Europe  and  America,  about  the  year  1830. 
They  have  lived  in  North  Carolina,  are  married, 
and  have  children.     See  Xiphopages. 

TWITCH-GRASS,  Triticum  repens. 

TWITCHING,  Tie. 

TYCH'ICA,  from  tvxi,  'accident.'  Fortuitous 
lesions  or  deformities.  The  7th  class  of  Good's 
Noxolog,/. 

TYLE,  Callosity. 

TYLOMA.  Callosity. 

TYLOPII'ORA  ASTHMAT'ICA,  Ascle'piaa 
nxtliiiKit'lcfi,  Ci/ii(ni'c!iiiin  Jpecficiiaii'lia  seu  vonii- 
to'rium  seu  viridijto'rnm  seu  ioiiiento'siim,  Ipeca- 
CKtuhd  of  the  Ixle  of  France,  (F.)  Jpecaciiaiiha 
blanc  de  V lie  de  France.  Order,  Asclepiadacese. 
A  native  of  various  parts  of  the  East  Indies,  both 
of  the  continent  and  islands.  The  root  is  acrid, 
and  is  used  on  the  coast  of  Coromandel  as  a  sub- 
stitute for  ipecacuanha.  In  large  doses,  it  is 
emetic;  in  smaller,  often  repeate<l,  it  is  cathartic. 
It  is  recommended,  also,  as  a  diaphoretic,  aud 
espoeiallv  in  humeral  asthma. 

TYLOSIS,  Callosity. 

TYLUS,  Callosity. 

TYMMA.  W(uind. 

TYM PAS^,  Tympanum. 

TY."\IPANAL."  Tympanic. 

TYMPAXAL,  Cadre  dn  tympan. 

TYMPANIA.  Tympanites'. 

TYMPAXIAS,  Tympanites. 

TYM'PANIG,  Tympan'icux,  T,,m'pnnal,  (F.) 
Ttpnpaniqne;  same  etymon  as  Tympanum.  Re- 
lating to  the  tympanum,  as  'tympanic  canal.' 

TvMPANic  Nekve,  see  Petrous  ganglion. 

T  YMPA XI Q UE.  Tympanic. 

TYMPANITA,  Tym'panites. 


TYMPAXITE 


938 


TYPHOUS 


TYMPANITE,  Tympanites. 
TYMPAXI'TKS.  Emphijie'ma  sen  Pnenmato'- 
sis  Abdotn' ini's,  Hydrops  Ti/iiipniiites,  Affec'lio 
ti/nipiiiiit'ico,  Ectympano'sin,  Hi/dmps  abilomiins 
(lereni,  Aern'sin,  Aero-eiiterect<t'sln,  Aereiiterec- 
to'slii,  tJiiterderectd'ulii,  Pln/nocae'lin,  Ti/iiip(ino'- 
si'h,  Phi/ae'mo,  Pliyse'sin,  Ili/dropt  siccim  et  Jlntu- 
leiitim,  Tynipn'nia,  Tyiupa'tiiim,  Ti/mpani'tn,  T'ym- 
pctiii'tin,  Emphyte'mn  Tympanites,  E.  Tympatiit'- 
icHin,  Jfeteon'siii'itK,  Tym'paiiy,  3fe't('on'sni,  Wind 
drapiy,  (F.)  Tyiii/xinite,  Piieiuniitose  peritonerde, 
]J<(n<>uiieme>it,  from  TvixTzavov,  'a  drum  ;'  so  called 
because  the  abdomen  is  distended  with  wind,  and 
sounds  like  a  drum  when  struck.  A  swelling  of 
the  ahdouien,  caused  by  accumulation  of  "air  in 
the  intestinal  tube  or  in  the  peritoneum.  Tym- 
panites may  be  idiopathic  or  symptomatic.  The 
former  dejiends  upon  exhalation  of  air  from  the 
inner  surface  of  the  intestine,  or  from  the  decom- 
position of  substances  contained  in  it;  the  latter 
is  the  result  of  some  organic  affection,  and  often 
depends  upon  obliteration  of  the  digestive  tube, 
which  prevents  the  gas  from  escaping.  Idiopa- 
thic tympanites  may  bo  more  readily  cured.  The 
symptomatic  ia  usually  fatal.  On  dissection  in 
such  cases,  the  stomach  and  intestines  are  found 
enormously  distended  ;  with  strangulation  or 
disorganization  of  some  part  of  the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  intestine.  Carminatives  may  be 
proper  when  tympanites  depends  upon  atony  of 
the  digestive  organs:  but,  in  cases  of  the  symp- 
tomatic kind,  they  cannot  be  productive  of  ad- 
vantage, and  may  do  harm. 

Sometimes  the  air  is  contained  in  the  cavity 
of  the  peritoneum — constituting  Tympani'tea  oh- 
dnmliia'lis,  Aeroperitonie,  of  some: — the  accumu- 
lation in  the  intestines  being  called  Tympani'tes 
intestliin'lis. 

Tympanites,  Uterine,  Physoraetra. 
TYMPANI'TIS,  hijlnmmn'tin  tym'pnni  ;  from 
TvpiTavov,  'a  drum,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflamma- 
tion. Inflammation  of  the  lining  membrane  of 
the  middle  ear.  Also,  tympanites. 
TYMPANOSIS,  Tympanites. 
TYM'PANUM,  ru^urrai-oK,  '  a  drum.'  The  Dckot 
or  barrel  of  the  ear.  The  names  Cavity  of  the 
Tympixiinm  or  of  the  Drum,  Cdv'itas  seu  Cnvum 
Tym'pnni,  Antrum  seu  cavitna  antro'sa  Attria, 
(F.)  Tympan,  Cnvite  die  tympan,  Cniaae  dti  tam- 
bour ou  dn  Tympan — have  been  given  to  a  cavity 
of  an  irregular  shape,  which  constitutes  the  mid- 
dle ear,  and  has  been  compared  to  a  drum.  It  is 
situate  in  the  pars  petrosa  of  the  temporal  bone, 
between  the  meatus  auditorius  externus  and  the 
labyrinth.  This  cavity  is  lined  by  a  mucous 
membrane;  and  communicates,  externally,  by 
means  of  the  Eustachian  tube,  which  is  situate 
between  it  and  the  pharynx.  The  tympanum 
has  six  parietes.  1.  An  external,  which  is  almost 
entirely  formed  of  the  j\lembrane  of  the  Drum, 
jifemhra'na  tym'pani,  Diaphray'nin  seu  Ifediaati'- 
tium  seu  Tegnmen'tum  auris,  Jfyrin'ga,  JIfyrinx, 
(F.)  Membrane  dit  tympan  —  a  species  of  thin, 
transparent,  circular  septum  ;  convex  within,  and 
concave  without,  which  closes  the  inner  extremity 
of  the  meatus  auditorius.  2.  An  internal,  on 
•which  are  the  Fenea'tra  ovn'lia,  Prom'ontory,  and 
Fora'men  rotun'dnm.  3.  A  superior.  4.  An  in- 
ferior, on  which  is  the  glenoid  fiasure.  5.  A  pos- 
terior, on  which  are  the  opening  of  the  mastoid 
cells,  and  the  pyramid.  6.  An  anterior,  on  which 
sire  the  Procea'aus  cochleaform'is  and  the  inner 
orifice  of  the  Eustachian  tube.  The  cavity  of  the 
tympanum  is  crossed  by  li  paries  of  four  small 
bones,  articulated  with  each  other  by  diarthrosis, 
moved  by  certain  muscles,  and  representing  a 
kind  of  bent  lever  extending  from  the  membrana 
tympani  to  the  fenestra  ovalis.     They  are  called 


the  Bones  or  Ossicles  of  the  Ear,  and  are  the 
malleus,  incus,  os  orbiculare,  and  stapes. 

For  the  nervous  plexus  of  the  tympanum,  s«e 
Petrosal  Ganglion,  and  Otic  Ganglion. 

Tympanum  Minus,  see  Fenestra  —  t.  Secunda- 
rium,  see  Fenestra. 

TYMPANY,  Tympanites  —  t.  of  the  "Womb, 
Physonietra. 

TYPE,  Typns,  Periodus  morbi,  from  rvwof,  'a 
stamp,'  itself  from  Tu»rra>,  '  I  strike.'  The  type  is 
the  order  in  which  the  symptoms  of  a  disease  ex- 
hibit themselves,  and  succeed  each  other.  It 
mav  be  continued,  intermittent,  or  remittent. 

TYPIIA  ANGUSTIFOLIA  has  the  same  pro- 
perties as 

Typha  Aromatica,  Acorus  calamus,  and 
Typha  Latifolia,  (rt^of,  'a  marsh,'  [?J  ).  Cat- 
tail Reed  mace,  Bulls-egg,  (F. )  Maasette,  Masae 
ou  Quenouille  d' Ean.  A  plant  common  in 
marshes  and  ponds,  in  this  country  and  Europe. 
Ord.  Typhaceoe.  Se.v.  Syst.  Monojcia  trinndria. 
Its  roots  have  been  used  in  dysentery  and  blen- 
norhagia.  The  young  shoots,  before  they  reach 
the  surface  of  the  water,  when  boiled,  taste  like 
asparagus. 

The  down,  (F.)  Aigrette,  Poils,  which  accom- 
panies the  flowers,  has  been  applied  to  burns  like 
cotton. 

TYPHICUS,  Typhoid. 
TYPHIQUE,  Typhoid,  Typhus. 
TYPHLITIS,  Tvphlo-enteritis. 
TYPHLO-ENTERI'TIS,  Tuphlo-enteritia,  Ty- 
2^hli'tia,  Typhloteri'tis,  Injiamma'tio  CcBci,  Phleg'- 
nionous  Tumour  of  the  Ccecum,  (F.)  lufhanmation 
du  Caecum,  Cascite  (Piorry);  from  Tv(fi\oi,  racus, 
and   enteritis,   'inflammation    of  the  intestines.' 
Inflammation  of  the  caecum,  occasionally  leading 
to  perforative  ulceration. 
TYPIILOENTERUM,  Ctiecum, 
TYPHr.OPS,  Ctecus. 
TYPIIEOSfS.  Cifcitas. 
TYPIILOTERITIS,  Typhlo-enteritis. 
TYPIILOTERON  MONOCOLON,  Caecum. 
TYPHLOTERUM,  Cacum. 
TYPIILOTES,  CiBcitas. 
TYPIIODES,  Typhoid. 

TYPIIOEMIE  ENTERTQVE,  see  Typhus. 
TYPIIOIIiEMIA,  see  Putrefaction. 
TYPHOID,  Typhoidea,  Typho'des,  {Tv,j>w^r,s, 
'stupefied,')  Ty'pliicua,  Typho'sua,  Lac'lica,  (F.J 
Typhique,  Typho'ide,  Typliode.  From  typhus, 
and  tiios,  'resemblance.'  Appertaining  to  or  re- 
sembling typhus  :  as  'Typhoid  Fever.  Also,  ac- 
cording to  some,  Typhous  Fever,  typhus.  Fuchs 
has  emploj-ed  the  word  Typho'ide  for  a  family  of 
diseases,  to  distinguish  them  from  Phlogoacs  :  of 
this  family,  Stomncace,  Pharyngocace,  and  Pneu- 
nioc<ice  ixre  examples. 

Typhoid  Affection,  see  Typhus  —  t.  Fever  of 
India,  Cholera. 

TYPHOMA'NIA,  from  rv^og,  'stupor,'  and 
fxavia,  '  delirium.'  Delirium,  with  stupor,  Subde- 
lir' ium.  The  kind  of  delirium  common  in 
typhus. 

Typhomania,  Coma  vigil,  Insomnia. 
TYPHONIA,  Coma  vigil. 
TYPIIOSEPSES,  Typhoseptoses. 
TYPIIOSEPTO'SES,  Typhosep'ses,  from  t«0c;, 
and  crnj.ti,  'putrefaction.'     Typhous  affections. 
TYPHOSUS,  Typhoid. 

TYPHOUS.  Typho'sus,  (F.)  Typhique.  Same 
etymon  as  Typhus.  Belonging  or  relating  to 
typhus. 

'    Typhous  Depos'it.     A  peculiar  substance  of 
new  formation  found  in  the  areolar  membrane, 
between   the  mucous  and  muscular  coats  of  the 
patches  of  Peyer  in  typhoid  fever. 
Typhous  FiiVfin,  see  Typhoid. 


TYPHUS 


93  9 


TYRIA 


TYPHUS,  SemipeH'lh,  Tiiplmi,,  Fchrh  Typho'- 
P  ''y,"/'*''' <•"''>«  «eu  u(/y,„uu'i,.a,  Anlheuoj,' yra, 
()!.}  I'levre  <i'/i/iioiii!rpie  ou  ntuxSqiie  ou  mlyiuimi- 
7"«  (""Xi'jiie,  Typl,,,^  d' Europe;  froTO  Tv.poq, 
'stupor.'  A  fever  uhimifterizod  by  small,  weak, 
mid  unequal,  but  usually  frequent  pulse,  with 
great  prostration  of  strength,  and  much  cerebral 
dis'turbanec:  its  duration  being  usually  from  a 
fortnight  to  three  weeks  or  longer.  It  is  con- 
tinueii  fever,  accomp.inied  with  great  cerebral 
irritation  and  prostration.  (See  Fever.)  'By  most 
writers,  this  disease  has  been  divided  into  two 
varieties— the  Ti/phitH  >ii it ior  and  Typhus  ijravioi: 
Typhus  Mit"u)ii  seu  ulinplex  seu  nervo'min  seu 
comalu'mtn,  Fc'brin  leiitit  nervona  seu  pn'ttida 
nei-voan  seu  hec'tict  iiiall(/'na  nervoHft,  lilechrop'- 
yrus,  Neiirop'yra,  Nenropyr'etiia,  NervouH  Fever, 
(F.)  Fievre  nerveunc,  is  characterized  by  slight 
shiverings,  heavy,  vertiginous  headach  ;  great  op- 
pression, peculiar  expression  of  anxiety,  nausea, 
sighing,  despondency,  and  coma  or  (juiet  delirium. 
Tyi'III'S  Giu'vioit  seu  cur'cernm  seu  castreit'ain 
seu  anihropophthor'dcHS  scu  coiit/irjlo'siin  exanthe- 
mdl'ieiiH  seu  nontrim  seu  Eiirdpm'uH  seu  comnin'nin 
seu  bel'lieiiH  seu  ex'iiitheiiiKt'icus  seu  Hiber'nicUK 
seu  peteeliia'/is,  Fehriv  iiertJo'sa  epideni' ica  seu 
nervuHii  exnnthenutt'ic'i  seu  riiaJi<j'na  rum  sopo're 
seu  nervo'ita  pelechi<t'litt  sou  pevti/eiilin'lis  Enra'pcB 
seu  puncticidti' rh  seu  niipiDp'yni  seu  cur'centm  et 
UDidcomio' mm  seu  piitrida  seu  ciDt'tiiieiin  pii'tridd 
seu  coiitiu'na  pn'tridn  seu  pea'ti/eiiH  miili<j'iia  seu 
nmi'ticn  peHtileiitid'liH  seu  petechia' lin,  Septnp'- 
yra,  Porphyrotyphun,  Piilieulinia  moibiia,  I'entis 
bel'licd,  True  or  Exdiithemnt'ic  or  coiitd'f/ious 
typhus,  NervouH  fever  with  exauthem'otous  eru]>'- 
tiiiH,  Putrid,  Jail,  Hnx/iital  or  Shi}>  Fever,  (F.) 
Fiivre  den  Cniiipii,  F.  nautique,  F.  d'h6pit<il, 
F.  nosocomidle,  F.  des  Prisons,  F.  leiiticulaire. 
Typhus  contiujieux  is  attended  with  rigors  and 
heat,  alternating  ;  little  or  no  perspiration  :  pulse, 
tense  and  hard,  usually  quick,  but  fluttering; 
pain  over  the  forehead  and  vertex  ;  a  '  iiiidberry 
rush,'  appearing  on  the  lit'th  to  the  seventh  day 
of  the  disease,  and  lasting  till  the  end  ;  delirium 
succeeded  by  stupor,  signs  of  incipient  putres- 
cency, — as  true  petechiiP,  vibices,  hemorrhages, 
&c.  Typhus,  under  particular  circumstances, 
seems  to  be  communicable  by  contagion  ;  but  if 
proper  attention  be  paid  to  cleanliness  and  venti- 
lation, there  is  not  much  danger  of  communica- 
tion. The  general  principles  of  treatment,  laid 
down  under  the  head  of  Fever,  are  applicable 
here.  All  the  varieties  of  continued  fever  re- 
semble each  other  in  the  cardinal  points,  al- 
though they  may  differ  in  many  of  their  cha- 
racters. Ventilation  and  cleanliness :  warm  or 
cold  ablution  or  sponging;  keeping  the  bowels 
free;  and  attending  to  symptoms  as  they  may 
rise,  with  the  avoiding  of  all  irritation  of  every 
kind,  are  the  main  indications.  When  symptoms 
of  great  prostration  occur,  the  strength  must  be 
.supported  by  wine;  and  tonics  be  exhibited,  with 
the  mineral  acids.  Of  the  tonics,  the  sulphate 
of  quinia  is  perhaps  as  good  as  any.  whilst  it  is 
free  from  the  objection  which  applies  to  most 
others, — of  being  too  bulky.  In  the  whole  man- 
agement of  this  affection,  however,  the  physician 
has  to  discriminate  carefully  between  oppression 
and  prostration.  The  former  may  require  eva- 
cuants;  the  latter  cannot. 

Of  late  years,  it  has  been  maintained  by  many, 
that  there  is  an  essential  difference  between 
typhoiil  fever  and  typhus  :  that  the  former  is  nn 
nbdominal  affection,  and  dependent  upon,  or  con- 
nected with,  an  inflamed  or  ulcerated  condition 
of  the  mucous  follicles  of  the  intestines;  hence 
it  has  received  the  names  Fierre  viesentfrique,  F. 
timho'ide.  Mutiiilie  ou  Affevtioii  typhoide,  F.  eiitero- 
menenteriqnc,  Enterile  typho-hemique,  Typhoimie 


eiiterique,  Entero-misentirite  typhoide,  Exonthime 
iulestiiiale,  Dothi,. enteric,  Bothinenterite,  <fec.,  Ileo- 
dielidite,  Enlerite  foUieuleuse,  Gatitro-enlerite  with 
nervous  affection  of  the  brain,  Follicular  gastro- 
enteritis, F.  enteritis,  Enteri'lis  folliculo'sa,  Ty- 
phus abdomina'lls,  T.  inteslina'lis,  T.  Sporad'ieiis, 
Enterotyphus,  T.  ijanijliona'iis  abdomina'lis,  Fe- 
bris  intestina'lis  uleero'sa,  F.  uervo'sa  t/as'irica, 
F.  nerro'sa  enter'ica,  F.  euler'ica,  F.  uervo'sa  me- 
seuter'ica,  Enterhelio'sis  uervo'sa.  Typhus  enter' - 
icus,  Ileop'yra,  Ileoty'phus,  Typhoid  affection. 
Enter' ic  fever.  Accompanying  this  form  of  fever 
there  is  generally  a  typhoid  eruption,  consisting 
of  rose-red  papula?,  (see  Spots,  red,)  which  apjiear 
mostly  on  the  abdomen.  They  are  distinct  from 
true  petechias,  as  they  can  be  removed  by  pres- 
sure; and  distinct  also  from  sudamina,  which  are 
perhaps  the  universal  accompaniments  of  sweat- 
ing, and  are  consequently  a  variety  of  miliaria. 
The  common  continued  fever  or  synochus  of 
Great  Britain,  and  of  this  country,  has  been  pre- 
sumed by  some  to  be  this  variety:  but  fiirther 
observations  are  needed  to  establish  the  distinc- 
tions which  have  been  attempted  :  and  there  is 
reason  to  believe,  that  the  abdominal  affection  is 
a  complication,  existing  in  certain  cases  and  epi- 
demics of  adynamic  fever,  and  not  in  others.  The 
lied  Tonyue  Fever  of  Kentucky  is  considered  by 
Professor  Bartlett  to  be  tyjihoid  fever. 

Certain  modern  French  writers  have  considered 
the  Typhus  of  the  European  continent.  Typhus 
of  Europe,  pestilential  fever,  contagions  typhus, 
Ilunc/ary  fever,  Hospital  fever,  eani}>  fever,  /nil  fe- 
ver, lenticular  petechial  fever,  (F.)  Pcste  d'  Furope, 
Ac,  to  be  identical  with  the  typhoid  affection. 
They  admit  but  one  fever  on  the  Euro))ean  con- 
tinent—  the  typhoid.  Typhus,  they  maintain  — 
but  by  no  means  establish  the  position  —  to  be 
peculiar  to  England. 

Tyi'Hus  Abdominalis,  see  Typhus  —  /.  d'Ame- 
rique.  Fever  yellow  —  t.  Anthracicus,  Plague — t. 
Anthropophthoracus,  Typhus  —  t.  A|)hthoideus, 
AphthiB  —  t.  Bellicus,  Typhus  —  t.  Bcngalensis, 
Cholera  —  t.  Bubonicus,  Plague — t.  Carcerum, 
Typhus  gravior — t.  Castrensis,  Typhus  gravior — ■ 
t.  Cerebral,  Meningitis,  cerebro-spinal  ■ — /.  Cere- 
brospinal, Meningitis,  cerebro-spinal — t.  Comato- 
sus.  Typhus  mitior  —  t.  Communis,  Tyjihus — t. 
Contayieux,  Typhus  —  t.  Contagious,  Typhus — t. 
Contagiosus  exanthematicus.  Typhus  —  t.  d' Eu- 
rope, Typhus — t.  of  Europe,  see  Typhus — t.  Ex- 
anthematicus, Typhus  —  t.  Ganglionaris  abdomi- 
nalis, see  Typhus  —  t.  Gravissimus,  P'ague  —  t. 
Hibernicus,  T.  gravior — t.  Icterodes,  Fever,  yel- 
low— t.  Jaune,  Fever,  yellow — t.  Intestinalis,  see 
Typhus — t.  Jl/iasinatique  ata.rique  putride  jaune, 
Fever,  yellow — t.  Morbillosus,  llubeola — t.  Ner- 
vosus,- T3-phus  mitior  —  t.  Nostras,  Typhus  —  t. 
d' Orient,  Plague  —  t.  Pestilentialis,  Plague  —  t. 
Pestis,  Plague  —  t.  Petechialis,  Typhus  griivior 
—  t.  Puerperal,  see  Peritonitis — t.  Scarlatiuus, 
Scarlatina — t.  Simplex,  Ty|)hus  mitior — t.  Spora- 
dicus,  see  Typhus — -'t.  Tropicus,  Fever,  jellow — 
t.  True,  Typhus  —  t.  Vesicularis,  Pemphigus. 

TYP'IC,  Typ'ical,  Typ'icus,  (F.)  Typique. 
Same  etymon  as  Type.  Characterized  by  peri- 
odicity,—  as  a  'typical  fever;'  or  one  which  ob- 
serves a  particular  type. 

TYPOSES,  see  Periodicity. 

TYPUS,  Type. 

TYRANNilS,  see  Critical  days. 

TYRBASIA,  Agitation. 

TYKBE,  Agitation. 

TYREM'ESIS,  Tyrotem'esis,  from  n-po?, 
'cheese,'  and  cfi^ais,  'vomiting;'  Tyro'sis,  Ty- 
reu'iis.  Vomiting  of  curdy  matter,  in  infants 
especially. 

TYREUSIS,  Tyremesis,  Tyrosis. 

TYRIA,  Porrigo  decalvans. 


TYRIASIS 


940 


ULNA 


TYRIASTS,  Elephantiasis  Arabica. 
TYRINE,  Casein. 
TYRODES.  Cheesy. 
TYROMA,  Porrigo  decalvans. 


TYROS,  Cheese. 

TYROS  IS,  Tyremesis.     Also,  the  curdling  of 
lilk  in  the  stomach;    Ti/ren'm's. 
TYROTEMESIS,  Tyremesis. 


u. 


UBERIS  APEX,  Nipple,  Papilla. 

ULA,  GrinojiviB. 

ULATROPH'IA,  from  ov\ov,  'the  gum,'  and 
atrophia,  atrophy.  Shrinking  of  the  gums;  fall- 
ing away  of  the  gums. 

ULCER,  Ulcus,  genitive  Ulcen's,  diminutive 
Ulciin'ciilain  ;  Hidcus,  'tX/foj,  Heh-OK,Elt;o'sis,Elvo'- 
virt,  Helens,  Helco'nia,  a  S<ire,  (Sc.)  i^tn'r,  (Prov.) 
Ki/e,  (F.)  Ulcere.  A  solution  of  continuity  in 
the  soft  parts,  of  longer  or  shorter  standing,  and 
kept  up  l>y  some  local  disease  or  constitutional 
cause.  Riuhcrand  makes  four  great  distinctions 
between  a  wound  and  an  ulcer.  1.  A  wound  arises 
from  the  action  of  an  extraneous  body  :  —  the 
cause  of  an  ulcer  is  inherent  in  the  economy. 
2.  A  wound  is  always  idiopatliic: — an  ulcer  is 
always  symptomatic.  3.  A  wound  has  essentially 
a  tendency  to  heal,  because  the  action  of  its  cause 
has  been  momentary: — an  ulcer,  on  the  contrary, 
has  a  tendency  to  enlarge,  because  its  cause  per- 
sists. 4.  The  treatment  of  a  wound  is  purely 
surgical  ;  that  of  an  ulcer  is  medical  as  well.  The 
immediate  cause  of  an  ulcer  is  perverted  nutri- 
tion ;  the  formative  cells  losing  their  y)lastic  pro- 
perties. Ulcers  have  been  variously  divided,  ac- 
cording to  their  nature;  —  into  simple,  sinuous, 
JisluliJiiSf/auyoHS,  gangrenous,  scorbutic,  syphilitic, 
cuncerous,  inveterate,  scrofulous,  phagedenic,  viru- 
lent, cncnethic,  sordid,  carious,  varicose,  <fec.  The 
treatment  consists  in  removing,  by  appropriate 
means,  the  internal  and  the  local  causes  which 
keep  up  the  ulceration,  and  in  e.xciting  the  ves- 
sels of  the  part,  where  necessary,  by  appropriate 
bandaging,  &c. 

Ulcur,  Jaoob's,  Lupus — u.  Malignant,  Hospi- 
tal gangrene — u.  Putrid,  Hospital  gangrene  —  u. 
AVarty  of  Marjolin,  see  Warty  Tumour  of  Cica- 
trices. 

ULCERA  TNTESTINALIA,  Gastrelcosis— u. 
Laryngis,  Phthisis  laryngea  —  u.  Serpentia  oris, 
Aphthio — u.  Uteri,  see  Mctrophthisis — u.  Ventri- 
culi,  Uastrelcosis  —  u.  Vesicae,  Cystophthisis. 

UL'CERATED,  Ulcern'tns,  Exulcera'tus,  Heh 
eo'des,  (F.)  Ulcere;  from  ulcus,  ulceris,  'an  ulcer.' 
In  the  state  of  an  ulcer.     Affected  with  ulcers. 

ULCERATIO  INTESTINALIS,  Enterelcosis 
—  u.  Ventriculi,  Gastrelcosis. 

ULCBRA'TIOX,  Ulcera'tio,  Exulceratio,  Pijo- 
gen'iii  corrosi'va.  Same  etymon.  A  superficial 
ulcer.  The  formation  of  an  ulcer  —  Exelco'sis, 
Elco'xis,  and  Helco'sis. 

ULCERATIVE,  Ulcerati'vns,  (F.)  Ulciratif. 
Relating  to  ulceration, — as  an  'ulcerative  process.' 

ULCERE,  Ulcer  —  u.du  Larjnx,  Phthisis  la- 
rj'ni;ea. 

ULUEREUX,  Ulcerous. 

UL'CEROUS,  Ulcero'sus,  Helco'des,  Helcoides, 
(F. )  Ulcereux.  Same  etymon.  Having  the 
character  of  an  ulcer.     Affected  with  ulcers. 

ULCERS.  EGYPTIAN,  ^gyptia  ulcera. 

ULCUS,  Ulcer  —  u.  Atonicum,  Rupia  —  u.  Ca- 
coethes,  see  Cacoethes  —  u.  Cancrosum,  Cancer, 
Chancre  —  u.  Dacryodes,  see  Daeryodes — u.  De- 
pascens,  Phagedenic  ulcer  —  u.  Ferinum,  Phage- 


denic ulcer — u.  Fistulosum,  Ilypophora — u.  Hy- 
pulum,  see  Hypulus  —  u.  Narium  foetens,  Oz.iiMia 
— u.  01>ambulans,  Phagedenic  ulcer  —  u.  Puluio- 
num,  Phthisis  pulmonalis  —  u.  Sinuosum,  Ilypo- 
phora— u.  Syriacuui,  Cj-nanche  maligna — u.  Te- 
lephium,  Telephium — u.  Tuberculosum,  Lupus — • 
u.  Uteri,  Hysterelcosis,  Leucorrhoea. 

ULCUSCULA  PRyEPUTII,  Herpes  prwputii. 

ULCUSCULUM,  Ulcer  — u.  Cancrosum, 
Chancre. 

ULE,  Cicatri-x. 

ULETICUS,  GingivaliS;. 

ULICUS,  Gingivalis. 

ULI'TIS,  from  ov\os,  'solid,'  (aaf^  ovKtj,  'solid 
flesh:')  hence,  ov\oi/,  'the  gum,' and  ilis,  deno- 
ting inflammation.  Ouli'tis,  Injlanima'tio  gin- 
gi'vcE,  Perioitonti'lis  gingiva' mm,  (F.)  Gtngivilc, 
InJIamniation  des  gencives,  from  ov\ov,  'the  gum,' 
and  itis,  denoting  inflammation.  Inflammation 
of  the  gums. 

Ulitis  Septica,  Cancer  aquaticus. 

ULLUCO,  Tropaeolum  tuberosum. 

ULMAIRE,  Sj)ir;x.'a  ulmaria. 

ULMARIA,  Spircea  ulmaria  —  u.  Palustris, 
Spiraea  ulmaria. 

ULMUS,  U.  campes'tris  seu  glabra  seu  mon- 
ta'na  seu  nuda  seu  sati'va  seu  scabra,  Ptelea, 
Common  Elm,  (F.)  Ormc,  Ormeau,  Orme  pyrami- 
(lale  ou  champctre.  Ord.  Ulmaceae.  Sex.  Syst. 
Pentandria  Digynia.  The  inner,  rough  bark  — 
Ulmus,  (Ph.  L.)  —  of  this  tree  is  inodorous;  and 
has  a  bitter,  austere,  and  mucilaginous  taste.  It 
is  considered  tonic,  alterative,  and  diuretic;  and 
has  been  used,  chiefly,  in  lepra  and  other  cuta- 
neous affections. 

Ulmus  Ala'ta,  Lynn  Wahoo.  The  bark  of 
the  root  has  been  used  successfully  as  a  cata- 
plasm in  phlegmonous  inflammation. 

Ulmus  Amkiuca'na,  U./ulvn  seu  rubra, Rough- 
leaved,  Red,  or  Slippery  Elm.  The  inner  bark  — 
Ulmus,  (Ph.  U.  S.) — is  highly  mucilaginous,  and 
is  used  in  coughs,  diarrhoeas,  and  dysenteries; 
also,  as  a  poultice  for  tumours,  lacerated  and  con- 
tused wounds,  (fee. 

Ulmus  Campestris,  Ulmus — u.  Fulva,  U. 
Americana,  U.  rubra — u.  Glabra,  Ulmus  —  u. 
jMontana,  Ulmus  —  u.  Nuda,  Ulmus  —  u.  Sativa, 
Ulmus  —  u.  Scabra,  Ulmus. 

ULNA,  O'lene,  Foc''ile  inferius  seu  majiis, 
Canna  Bra'chii,  Oi  cu'biti  inferius,  Os  procnhi- 
ta'le,  Cu'bilus,  A  ■xin'do  bra'chii  major,  Cubit. 
Anatomists  have  given  this  name  to  the  bone  of 
the  forearm  which  forms  the  prominence  of  the 
elbow,  during  the  flexion  of  that  joint.  It  is  the 
longer  and  larger  of  the  two  bones,  and  is  in- 
serted at  the  inner  side.  Its  upper  and  larger 
extremity  has,  behind,  a  considerable  process, 
called  olecranon ;  and,  before,  a  smaller  one, 
called  coroitoid.  These  two  eminences  are  se))a- 
rated  from  each  other  by  the  greater  sigmoid  or 
semilunar  fossa  or  olec'ranoid  cavity,  which  re- 
ceives the  articular  trochlea  of  the  humerus. 
The  tubercle  of  the  ulna  is  a  small,  rough  spot, 
under  the  root  of  the  coronoid  process,  for  the 


ULNAD 


941 


UNDOSUS 


insertion  of  the  Brachinlln  intemuB.    On  the  out-  I 
Fide  of  tliih  oxtrernily   of  the  bone  is  the  leaser  1 
elijiiioiil  cavity.     It  is  articulated  with   the  head  [ 
of  ttie    rndiiis.     The    inferior    extremity   of  the 
cul)itu8,  which  is  much  smaller  than  the  superior, 
nnd    articulated  with    the    radius,  has  a  surface 
that   corres[)()nds    to    the    fibro-cartilnge    which 
Kcparatcs  it  from  the  os  cuneiforme  ;  and  a  pointed 
])r<)ci'sM,  called  Kti/laid.     The  body  of  the  ulna  is 
ninnifcjitly  triim^ular.     It  is  articulated  with  the 
OS  humeri  and  radius,  nnd,  mediately,  with   the 
OS  cuneiforme.     It  is  developed  by  three  points 
of  ossification. 
Also,  the  elbow. 
UF-NAI),  see  Ulnar  aspect. 
ULNAR,  Cubital. 

Ulnah  Aspect.  An  aspect  towards  the  side 
on  wiiich  the  ulna  is  situated. — Barclay.  Ulnad 
is  used  ;idverbially  by  the  same  writer,  to  signify 
'towiirds  the  uhiiir  aspect.' 

ULNAKIS,  Cubital — u.  Externus,  see  Cubital 
rnusdes — u.  Gracilis,  Palmaris  longus — u.  Inter- 
nus,  see  Cubital  muscles. 

UliOCACE,  Cancer  aquaticus,  Stomacnce. 
ULON'CUiS,  from  ovSov,  'the  gum,'  and  oy/coj, 
'tumour.'     Swelling  of  the  gums;  epulis. 

UIiORRlIA(J"IA,     Oulonhn,,"ia,      Stomntor- 
rh(i(/"l<i.  Ua;iiiiinh(i(j"in  ghif/iro'nim,  Vturrhve'n, 
from   ov\uv,    '  the    gum,'  and  iiriyvvjn,   '  I    break 
forth.'     Bleeding  from  the  gums. 
ULORRIICEA,  Ulorrhagia. 
ULOTICA,  Cicatrisantia. 

U  L '  T  I M  I  -  S  T  E  R  N  A  L.  Professor  Reclard 
gave  this  appellation  to  the  sixth  or  last  bony 
])ortion  of  the  sternum.  He  calls  it  also  Eiisi- 
eteniril. 

UL'TIMUM  MO'RIENS,  Mast  dying.'  A 
term  given  to  the  part  of  the  economy  which  dies 
hist. 

ULVA  CRISPA,  Fueus  crispus. 
UlVA   Latis'simA,  Broad   Green    Lcirer,  Green 
Sl»h-e,    Oi/sler   r/reen  ;    Order,   Algie ;    is    used    at 
table  ciHjUed   in    the  same  way  as  the  next,  to 
which  it  is  greatly  inferior. 

Ulva  Umbimca'lis,  Pur'jilyrn  htcinin'ta  seu 
vmbilicn'lin,  Liu-in'ialed  Pnrp/e  Lrirer,  abundant 
on  the  shores  of  Great  Britain,  is  pickled  with 
salt  and  sold  in  London  as  Larer.  It  is  eaten  at 
table,  stewed  with  pepper,  butter  or  oil  nnd 
lemon-juice  or  vinegar.  It  has  been  suggested, 
also,  as  an  antiscorbutic. 

UMBIL,  YELLOW,  Cypripedium  luteum. 
UMBILIC,  Umbilical,'Umbilicus. 
UMBIL'ICAL,   Uin'bilic,  Umhiliea'lh,  Umhili- 
en'tiui,  (F.)  Oiiibilica/,  from  tnnbilicnn,  'the  navel.' 
'That  which  belongs  or  relates  to  the  navel. 

Umbilical  AuTF.niKS,  which  exist  only  in  the 
foetus,  seem,  as  it  were,  continuation?  of  the  pri- 
mitive iliacs.  They  clear  the  umbilical  ring,  and 
proceed  to  the  placenta,  to  which  they  carry  the 
residuum  of  the  blood  sent  to  the  fcetus  by  the 
umbilical  vein.  As  soon  as  respiration  is  esta- 
blished, the  blood  ceases  to  pass  by  the  umbilical 
arteries,  which  become  obliterated,  as  well  as  the 
vein,  nnd  are  transformed  into  two  very  strong 
ligamentous  cords, —  the  vein  forming  the  Liija- 
mett'tum  votnn'ditm  of  the  liver. 

Umbilical  Cord,  Funiculus  umhilicalis. 
Umbilical  Rkgion,  Jie'i/io  nmbilicit'lis  seu 
grm'trica  seu  Menoi/nntricn,  3fesn(jnn'tn'um,  (F.) 
raglon  ombHi'cale,  i.s  the  middle  region  of  the  ab- 
domen, in  which  the  umbilicus  is  jilaced.  The 
sides  of  this  are  called  the  Jimihn  or  lumbar  re- 
(jioiin.  In  the  uml)ilical  region  are  the  omentum 
iiinjus  ;  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  duodenum  ; 
the"  jejunum  :  and  the  greater  part  of  the  mesen- 
tery; "the  aorta:  vena  cava;  the  trunks  of  the 
rciiai  arteries  and  veins:  the  origin  of  the  sper- 
matij  arteries,  &c. 


Umbilical  King,  Au'nnJus  vv^hiUca'lin,  (¥.) 
Auuean  onibilical,  is  a   fibrous   ring  which   sur- 
rounds the  aperture  of  the  umbilicus,  and  through 
which  umbilical  hernia  occurs  in  children. 
Umbilical  Vksiclk,  Vesicula  umhilicalis. 
Umbilical  Vb.ssels,   (F.)    Vaisneaiix   omhili- 
eaux,   include    the    two    arteries,    and    umbilical 
vein.     The   umbilical  vein   arises  from  the  pla- 
centa, and   terminates  at  the  fissure  on  the  infe- 
rior surface  of  the  liver  of  the  fa'tus,  to  which  it 
conveys  the  blood  necessary  for  its  nutrition. 
UMBILICALIS,  Umbilical. 
UMBILICATUS,  UmbilicaL 
UMBILI'CUS,   Umhili'vnvi,   Umbo.   Om'pJiahn, 
Radix  seu  ji/e'diiim  veiitris,  lleionipha'liiini,  Me- 
H(im' phaliim,    Prntine'sis     {novel    of    a     new-bnrn 
ehild ;)  the  nmbilic,  nnrel,   (Prov.)  Spoon ;  from 
niiibo,  '  the  button  or  prominence  in  the  midst  of 
a   buckler,'  or   from   v/jfa^os,  or   rather  o/Kpa^oi, 
which   signifies  the  same,  as  well  as  the  navel; 
(F.)  Oinbi/ic,  Nonibril.     A  round  cicatrix,  about 
the  median  line  of  the  abdomen.     It  is  in  the 
situation    of   an    aperture,  which,   in   the   foetus, 
afi'ords  passage   to   the  vessels  of  the  umbilical 
cord. 

Umbilici's  Madi'nus,  Cotyh'dnn  marina,  Ari- 
dro'naee,  Acetab'nhtm  niarinnm,  Andru'xuce  J/at- 
thi'oli,   Fiin;/nn  petrce'iiK  inariniis.     A   submarine 
production,  found  on  the  rocks  and  the  shells  of 
fishes,  in  the  south  of  France.     It  is  reputed  to 
be  anthelmintic  and  diuretic. 
UMBO.  Elbow,  Umbilicus. 
UiMBRELLA  TREE.  Magnolia  tripetala. 
ViVS  CH  L  A  G,  see  Compress. 
UNBOWELING.  Exenterismus. 
UNCARIA   GAMBIR,  Naudea  Gambir. 
UNCAS,  INDIAN,  Veratrum  viride. 
UNCIA,  Ounce. 

UN'CIFORM,  Uncl/or'nn's,  Uncinn'tnn,  from 
niiciin.  '  a  hook,' and  /(J/ mo,  'shape.'  That  which 
has  the  slKqie  of  a  hook. 

Unciform  Bo.\k,  Ok  uncifarm'e  seu  hama'tnm 
seu  nneina'tiim,  (F.)  Oi  croclni.  The  fourth  bone 
of  the  second  row  of  the  carpus.  Its  sliajie  ia 
very  irregular.  Inwards  and  forwards,  it  has  a 
consideraiile  eminence,  which  is  curved  u|ion 
itself,  and  gives  attachment  to  the  annuliir  liga- 
ment of  the  carpus.  It  is  articulated  with  the 
OS  semilunare,  os  magnum,  os  cuneiforme,  and 
the  fourth  and  fifth  metacarpal  bones.  It  is  de- 
veloped from  a  single  point  of  ossification. 
ITnciform  Eminknck,  lIi|ipocaininis  minor. 
UncIFOKM  Process,  J'rocex'suH  nncina'Uis  seu 
Bhnnenbach'ii,  Great  .Proeess  of  the  Ethmoid. 
The  most  considerable  of  the  thin  irregularly 
twisted  lamina;  on  the  inferior  surface  of  the 
ethmoiil  bone,  which  narrow  the  opening  of  the 
maxilliirv  sinuses. 

UNCI"NATUS,  Unciform. 
UNCINUS,  Hook. 

UNCTION.  Inunction,  Unguentum,  Unguen- 
tum  hvdrargvri. 
UNCUS,  Hook. 

UNDERCLIFF,  ISLE  OF  WIGHT,  ENG- 
LAND, (CLIMATE  OF.)  The  Undereliff  com- 
prehends a  tract  of  country  from  Dunnose  to  St. 
Catherine's  Hill,  on  the  southeast  const,  about  six 
miles  in  length,  and  from  a  quarter  to  half  a  mile 
in  breadth.  It  is  well  protected  from  the  ciddcr 
winds;  and  the  climate  is  remarkably  equable, 
as  well  ns  mild  nnd  dry,  so  thnt  there  are  not 
many  days  during  the  winter  in  which  the  inva- 
lid cannot  take  exercise  in  the  open  air.  It  is 
an  excellent  climate  for  the  pulmonary  valetu- 
dinarian. 

UNDI.M'IA.  A  name  given,  by  Paracelsus, 
to  a  tumour,  filled  with  a  gelatinous  matter,  like 
the  white  of  an  egg. 

UNDOSUS,  Cymatodes. 


UNDULATIO 


942 


U  N  G  U  E  N  T  U  M 


TJNDULATIO,  Fluctuation. 

TJNEDO,  Arbutus  uncdo  —  u.  Papyracea,  Ar- 
butus unedo. 

UN'GEAL,  Uiif/en'lis,  from  viif/iiin,  'a  nail.' 
Belonging,  or  relating,  to  the  nails  of  the  hands 
or  feet. 

UNGUEAL  MATRIX,  see  Nail. 

ITNGUEN,  Ungucntum  — u.  Articulare,  Sy- 
novia. 

UNGUENT,  ARMATORY,  Hoplochrysma. 

UNGUENTARIA,  see  Myristica  mosehiita. 

UNGUENT  A'RIUS,  3lyrop(e',is.  iMyrcp'su>i, 
Mjiropo'len,  Myrapo'lus,  I'lijnientn' liiis  ;  from  riii- 
guen'tum,  'an  ointment.'  One  who  makes  and 
sells  ointments.     A  perfumer. 

UNGUEN'TUM,  Unrjuen,  Mi/ron,  UiicHoii,  {¥.) 
Oiigiieiit,  from  inu/ere,  uitcliim,  "to  anoint.'  Oint- 
ment. Ointments  are  topical  applications,  of  a 
consistence  more  or  less  analogous  to  that  of 
lard.  They  are  used,  chieflj',  as  local  applica- 
tions to  ulcers  and  wounds ;  but  are  sometimes 
rubbed  upon  a  part  in  cutaneous  afFections;  and, 
especially,  where  it  is  desired  that  the  constitu- 
ents of  the  ointment  should  be  absorbed.  Oint- 
ments are  of  less  consistence  than  cerates,  al- 
though the  terms  are  often  used  indiscriminately. 

Unghkn'tiim  Ao"ir)i  Nnuo'si,  Oinimeut  of  Ni- 
(roiio  Add,  J'dniii'tiiin  sen  Uiigitcn'tiim  Ni'triciim 
seu  O-rygeua'tniit,  (F.)  I'ommade  n.ri/gSiiee,  Groinse 
031/f/efiee,  Povimade  d'Alynn,  [Adip.  siiilli,  Ibj  ; 
acid,  nitvos.  J^vj.  Melt  the  fat,  and  rub  in  the 
ncid  gradually,  till  cold.  Ph.  E.)  Stimulant. 
Used  in  itch  and  other  cutaneous  eruptions,  and 
in  foul  ulcers. 

Ungukntitm  AmpocER^E  CRTORtnf,  Ceratum 
cetacei  —  u.  jEgyptiacum,  Linimentum  serugiiiis 
—  u.  jEgyptium  album,  Crinomyron  — u.  vErui;i- 
nis,  U.  subacetatis  cujiri — u.  Album,  Unguentum 
cetacei — u.  Album  Resolvens,  Linimentum  am- 
monite fortius. 

Unguentum  de  Alth^a,  U.  dc  Terehiu'tJiind 
ef  cerd  seu  cil'yiiinm  seu  reni'ucp.  phii  nylveH'ti-in 
couiyiofs'itiim  seu  reniDiipti'viini  seu  lenili'viirn,  Ce- 
rn'titm  de  Allhad,  Enijditn'trnm  niuvfldi/iiw'suin 
seu  emol' liens  seu  cit'riiiiim  seu  Jiavnm  seu  de 
Althmd.  Uiigiieiittiiii  flnvuni,  ifuvnh  mid'low  Oinl- 
iiieiit,  (F.)  OiKjnenf  de  (/iiininiive,  0.  d'ultheii. 
[Olei  de  mncilnf/iiiihuK,  1000  p.,  eera  /f<(i'CP,  250 
p.,  reniiKe,  ferebiiitliin.,  ail  125  p.  LiqueFy :  strain 
and  stir  till  cold.  Ph.  P.)  Comiiioii  Olive  Oil 
might  be  substituted  for  the  Oil  of  MucilngtR. 

Unguentum  Amyohalinum,  Ceratum  Galeni. 

Unguentum  Antimo'nti,   U.  Antimonia'le.    U. 

A.  Tarlarizn'ti.  U.  A.  Potiiisio-trir'trolis,  U.  tnr'- 
tari  etnet'ici,  Oiiitniint  of  tiir' tnrized  an'titnouy, 
Antimo'iiiid  Ointment,  Tartar  emetic  ointment. 
(Antimon.  et  potanH.  titrtrat.  in  pulv.  subtiiiss.  ^ij, 
adipis.  §j.  /'/(..  U.  S.)  If  a  drachm  of  this  oint- 
ment be  rubbed  upon  any  part,  night  and  morn- 
ing, it  will  e.xcite,  in  a  few  days,  a  painful  pus- 
tular eruption.  Hence,  it  is  employed  as  a  coun- 
ter-irritant. This  preparation  is  also  called  Ung. 
Tar'tari  etibin'ti  seu  emet'ici,  Ung.  e  Tar'taro 
stibin'tii,  Adepn  Torture  utihii  medicn'tna,  Una. 
Tar'trnlis  Putiisn'tB  ulihin'ti,  (F.)  Pommade  d'Au- 
tenrieth,  Pommade  stihice.  This  method  of  em- 
ploying the  tartrate  of  antimony  and  potassa,  as 
a  revollent,  is,  at  times,  called  stibio-dermic,  (F.) 
Let  melhode  stibio-dermiqne. 

Unguentum  Antimoxii  PoTAssio-TARTnATis, 
Unguentum  antitnonii — u.  Antimonii  tartarizati, 
U.  antimonii  —  u.  Antipernium,  see  Antipernius. 

Unguentum  Aqu/E  Ros«,  Ointment  of  Itose 
irnter,  Cold  Grenm.  (Aq.  Ronee,  f^^j  ;  ol.  amygdal. 
f^^ij  ;  cetacei,  _^ss  ;  cercp.  albtE,  ^'].  Melt  together, 
in  a  water-hath,  the  oil,  spermaceti,  and  wax  ; 
then  add  the  rose-water,  and  stir  until  it  is  cold. 
Ph.  U.  S.)     Cooling  to  irritated  surfaces. 


Unguentum  Armarium,  lloplochrysmn  —  n. 
Arthanitio,  see  Arthanita — u.  Articulare,  Synovia 
— u.  liasilicon  fla\um,  Ceratum  resina> — u.  liiisi- 
licon  nigrum,  I'nguentuui  resinie  nigrie — u.  Ba- 
silicum  viride,  Unguentum  subacetatis  cupri. 

Unguentum  liEi.i.AooN'NA;,  Ointment  of  liel- 

Indonnit.  [Ext.  hellndonna:  3J  i  adipiu  -yy,  M. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  An  anodyne  application  to  irritable 
ulcers,  Ac. 

UNGtiENTUM  Canthahidis,  Ungucntum  lytta?. 

Ungukn'tum  Cer^e  {nlb<B  seu  Jiaiw),  Ungu- 
entnm  simplcv  {Ph.  U.  S.),  Linimen'inm  uimplej; 
Wax  Ointment,  Oil  and  ISeeu'  ]\'a.r,  (F.)  On- 
guent  de  cire.  (VercT-  ttjj,  adi]>iH  ft)iv  (Ph.  U.  S.), 
or — cercp.  ^^ij,  ol.  oliv.  ,^v.)  Emollient.  A  mild 
dressing.  Also,  the  basis  of  most  of  the  com- 
pound ointments. 

Unguentum  Ceratum,  Ceratum  Gnleni  —  u. 
Cerussae,  Unguentuui  ().\idi  plumbi  albi,  Ungu- 
entum plunibi  subcarboiiatis  —  u.  Cerussao  ace- 
tatae,  Ceratum  plumbi  supcracetatis,  U.  plumbi 
sujieracetatis — u.  Citriuum,  U.  de  althsua,  U.  hy- 
drargyri  nitratis. 

Unguisntum  Ceta'cei,  U.  Sper'matia  Ceti  sou 
nlbnm,  Linimen'inm  album,  Spermace'ti  ointment, 
(F.)  Ongneut  de  blanc  de  baleiue.  [Cetacei  gvj, 
cercB  ulhas  ^\v,  ol.  oliv.  f^'ij-  ■/'''•  -t.)  The  or- 
dinary dressing  for  blisters  and  excoriations.  See 
Ceratum  cetacei. 

Unguentum  Coc'ouli,  Ointment  of  Coc'cnlns 
Tn'dicns.  (Take  any  quantity  of  Coecnhis  Jndi- 
c-ii;  separate  and  preserve  the  kernels;  beat 
them  well  in  a  mortar,  first  alone,  and  then  with 
a  little  lard;  then  add  lard  till  it  amounts 
altogether  to  five  times  the  weight  of  the  kernels. 
/'/(.  E.)  Used  to  destroy  vermin,  and  to  euro 
scabies  and  ringworm  of  the  scalp. 

TTngukntum  CoN'ir,  Oititment  of  Ifcmlock. 
[Coniifol.  recent.;  adipix  aa  tbj.  Boil  the  hem- 
lock in  the  lard  till  it  becomes  crisp,  and  express 
through  linen.  Ph.  L.)  Used  to  irritable  tu- 
mours and  ulcers. 

Unguen'tuM  Creaso'ti,  Ointment  of  Cre'nnote. 
[Creanot.  f .^ss ;  adi]>in,  _^j.  Add  the  creasole  to 
the  lard  previously  mclteil  with  a  moderate  heat, 
and  stir  constantly  till  cold.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Used 
in  chronic  cutaneous  affections. 

Unguentum  Cupri  Subauetatis,  Unguentum 
subacetatis  cupri  —  u.  Diapompholygos,  Unguen- 
tum oxidi  zinci  impuri. 

Unguentum  Digesti'vum  Simplex,  U.  Tere- 
biii'thincB  et  ovo'rnm  vitel'li,  Simple  digettive  oint- 
rnoit,  (F.)  Ongncnt  digestif  simple.  [Terehintliin. 
pur.  64  p.  Vitell.  ovor.  No.  2,  vel  .32  p.  Mix,  for 
a  long  time,  in  a  glass  mortar,  and  add.  gradually, 
enough  of  the  Oil  of  Ilypiricnm  [Jllil'cpertnin)  to 
make  a  soft  ointment.  J'h.  P.)  Detergent.  It 
may  be  rendered  more  so  by  adding  a  little  of  the 
Acetate  of  copper. 

Unguentum  Elrmi,  Balsam  of  Arcoeus,  Ungu- 
entum elemi  compositum. 

Unguentum  Ei/emi  Compos'itum,  Unguentum  e 
gnmmi  elemi  seu  de  terehin'thind  et  adip'ibun  seu 
elemi,  Linimen'inm  ArccB'i,  Ointment  of  Elemi, 
(F.)  Banme  d'ArceUH.  [Elemi  tt)j,  terebinthiiice 
vnlgarin  ^x,  nevi  prtpparati  Ibij,  (dirip.  old  f.^'j* 
Melt  the  elemi  with  the  suet;  remove  it  from  the 
fire  ;  and  mix  in  the  turpentine  and  oil.  Strain 
the  mixture  through  a  linen  cloth.  /'/(.  L.)  Sti- 
mulant and  digestive.  To  keep  open  issues,  kc. 
Unguentitm  Epispas'ticum  dk  Daphne  Gni- 
DIO,  Adipn  Cor' t ice  daphnen  gnidii  medica'tim, 
(F.)  Pommade  de  Garon.  [Adip.  prcepar.  320  J)., 
cer<B,  .32  p.,  cort.  daplin.  gnid.  128  p.  Melt  the 
fat  and  wax  :  and  add  the  bark  si^ftened  in  water. 
Boil  until  the  wafer  is  evaporati-l :  then  |)as8 
through  cloth.  Ph.  P.)  To  kc^  |'  ('lien  blisters, 
issues,  <fee.     Sec  Unguentum  Mcz<.iei. 


UXGUKNTUM 


943 


UXGUENTUM 


Unoukstitm  Epispasticum  Fortius,  Cerate  of  | 
ciuithariilcs — u.  Epispastiouni  initius,  Unguentnm 
lyttic— u.  Kpispiisticuin  viride.  Un;;ueiitiim  lyttae 
liicdiciitum — u.  Flavmn.  Unj^uentuiu  de  aUhaea, — 
u.  e  (iiiinmi  eleini,  Uiiguc-tituin  coinpositum  —  u. 
IleMflmri  iillji,  Ungucntum  veratri. 

llNOtih^NTiJM  Gai,I,.k,  Ointment  of  Gnlh,  (GiillcB 
in  piilv.  ,^.j ;  uilipiH,  Jvij.  M.  J'h.  U.  S.)  As  an 
astringent  in  pik'S,  indolent  ulcers,  <fec. 

llNOcJKNruM  Gali,.k  CoMPos'niiM,  U.  Giilltp.  et 
O'piii  Compound  Ointment  of  Gnlh.  (G<iU.  in 
piilv.  subtil.  3vj,  adijiix.  ^^vj,  opii  pulv.  ^iss.  M. 
I'll.  L.)  Usfcl  in  painful  heniorriioids.  ^as  or 
Zj,  of  catnplinr  is  sornctinies  added. 

Unoimon'tum  IIydtiaii'gviu,  U.  ccRvu'leum  sen 
NeupoUtti' nam,  (Jevu'tiim  mercnria'le,  Adeps  Ihj- 
dmr'ijiirn  niedlca'tUK,  Mercnriul  Ointment,  liine 
ointment,  Unction,  (F.)  Onyuent  mercuriel  OU  iV^(e- 
jKilitdin. 

Tlie  Slronrj  Mercurial  Ointment,  Unr/nentnm  ffi/- 
(Irnriii/ri  fortius  of  the  London  Phartnacopooia, 
i'.  Hi/drnr'r/i/ri  [Ph.  U.  S.),  is  thus  made — //)/- 
drnr;/.  thij,  ndipia  ^^xxiij,  «e«(' 5J.  Rub  till  the 
globules  entirely  disappear. 

The  Milder  Jfercnriul  Ointment, —  U.  ffi/drnr- 
gi/ri  Mitinn,  —  is  made  by  adding,  to  one  pound 
of  the  strong,  two  pounds  of  lard. 

Mercurial  ointment  is  antisypliilitic  and  discu- 
tient.  It  is  rubbed  on  the  inside  of  the  thigh,  in 
venereal  affections ;  especially  in  those  cases  where 
mercury,  given  internally,  runs  off  by  the  bowels. 
The  Htrontjer  ointment  is  used  for  tliis  purpose. 
The  weaker  is  employed  as  a  dressing,  or  as  an 
application  to  cutaneous  eruptions. 

UnGI'KNTUM  IlYDIlArtOVKI  AlMMOXIATI,  Ungu- 
cntuui  hydrargyri  prii!ei[)itati  albi  —  u.  Hydrar- 
gyri  calcis  albie,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  pryecipi- 
tati  all)i — u.  Hydrargyri  coinpositum,  Unguentum 
hydrargyri  nitratis — u.  Hydrargyri  deutoxydi  ni- 
trati,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi. 

Ungukntum  Hydrau'gyri  Iod'idi,  Ointment 
of  I'odide  of  Mer'cnrj/.  (Hydrarg.  ludid.  ^j, 
certB  (lib.  ^\j,  ndipin  ^v).      Ph.  L.) 

U.SGi/KNi'aw  IIydrar'gyiu  Iop'idi  Riibui,  Oint- 
vieiit  of  Red  I'odide  of  3fer'curi/.  (Hi/drarg. 
Jodid.  linhr.  ^j,  Umj.  c'erai  albce  j^vij.  Ph.  D.) 
Both  these  ointments  may  be  applied  to  scrofu- 
lous and  indident  ulcers. 

Ungukntiim  kx  Hydrargyro  MirrrTS  niCTUJi 
ciVKRKUM,  Unguentum  oxydi  hydrargyri  cine- 
reum. 

•  U.vGOENTnM  Hydrargyri  Nitra'tis,  U.  hy- 
drargyri iiitrali  seu  nnpernitra'tis  hydrargyri  seu 
hydrar'gyri  compos'itum  seu  mercnriale  cit'rinnm 
sou  cit'rinnm  ad  scahiem,  DaVnamnm  mercnria'le, 
Ailepn  nitra'te  hydrargyri  niedica'tns,  Ointment 
of  Nitrate  of  Mer'cury,  Citrine  Ointment,  (F.) 
Ongnent  de  nitrate  de  niercure,  0.  citrin  contre  la 
gale.  (Hydrarg.  5j,  acid,  nitric,  f^^xiv.  olei  hit- 
i'di  f^'w,  adipit  t^uj.  Dissolve  the  mercury  in 
the  acid  ;  and.  while  hot,  add  the  oil  and  melted 
lard.      Ph.  U.  S. 

A  milder  ointment, —  Ung.  nitratis  Hydrargyri 
miiini, — is  made  with  triple  the  quantity  of  oil 
and  lard.  It  is  stimulant  and  detergent,  and  is 
n\iU!h  used  as  an  application  to  herpes,  porrigo, 
and  cutaneous  eruptions.  The  weaker  ointment 
is  sometimes  used  in  ophthalmia  tarsi,  <fec. 

Ungitkntiim  HYnRARGYRi  Ni'trico-ox'ydi, 
U.  Knhnitra'tin  hydrargyri  seu  O.cydi  Hydrargyri 
rnhri,  U.  H.  oxidi  rnbri  (Ph.  U.  S.),  U.  dentox'- 
yd!  hydrarg.  nitrati  seu  Hydrargyri  rubri  seu  ex 
J/ydrari/i/ro  oxyda'to  rubro  seu  rnercurii  rubrum 
Seu  ophthal'mienm  rnbrum  seu  subnitra'tii  hy- 
drargi/r'ici,  Bal'namum  ophthaV micum  rnbrum, 
Ointment  of  Nitric  Oxyd  of  Mercury,  Red  Pre- 
cin'itiite  Ointment,  Gulden  Ol'ntment,  Singleton's 
h'l/e  Solve.  (Hydrarg.  oxid.  rubr.  in  pulv.  sub- 
tiiiss.  3J ;    Ung.  aimj^l.  5J.     Add  the  oxyd,  re- 


duced to  a  fine  powder,  to  the  melted  oiutment. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  Stimulant  and  escharotie.  Applied 
to  foul  ulcers,  to  inHammation  of  the  tarsi,  Ac.  Ac. 
Jielleville's  Cerate,  which  has  been  long  used 
in  cases  of  scalled  head,  and  of  chronic  cutaneous 
diseases  in  general,  is  made  as  follows: — J'lumbi 
acet.  ^j  ;  hydrarg.  or  id.  rnbr.  ^^f.  hyd.  clilorid. 
mit.  ^ij  ;  cercp.  ollicR  .^iv;  ol.  oliv.  ,^vj.  Melt  the 
last  two,  and  add  the  others  in  line  powder. 

Ungi'bntum  Hydrargyri  Oxidi  Rubri,  Un- 
guentum hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi  —  u.  ex  Hy- 
drargyro oxydato  rubro,  Unguentum  hy^irargyri 
nitrico-oxydi — u.  Hydrargyri  oxydi  rubri,  Ungu- 
entum hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi. 

Unguk.nti'm  Hydrargyri  Pr^cipita'ti  Ai,bi, 
U.  Hydrar'gyri  ammania'ti,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  seu  snb- 
vuiria'tis  hydrargyri  ammonia'ti  seu  ad  srabiem 
Zelleri  seu  mercuria'le  album  seu  mundif  icons 
Zelleri  seu  e  mereu'rio  prari/iita'to  seu  calcis  hy- 
drargyri albcR,  Ointment  of  lohite  precipitate. 
(Hyd.  amnion,  ^j,  nng.  simpl.  ,^iss.  Melt  the  fat, 
and  add  the  precipitate.)  Detergent.  Used  in 
cutaneous  eruptions,  to  destroy  vermin,  <fec. 

Ungi'kntl'.m  Hydrarovri  Ri;bri,  U.  Hydrar- 
gyri nitrico-oxydi  —  u.  Hydrargyri  subinuriatis 
ammoniati,  U.  Hydrargyri  praecipitati  albi  —  u. 
Ilydrargyriei  subiiitratis,  U.  hydrargyri  nitrico- 
oxydi — u.  Hydrargyri  subnitratis,  U.  hydrargyri 
nitrico-oxydi  —  u.  Hydrargyri  snpernitratis,  U. 
hydrargyri  nitratis — u.  Infusi  lueloes  vesicatorii, 
U.  lyttiB  —  u.  Irritans,  U.  lyttit-. 

Unguen'tum  lon'iNI,  U.  lodin'ii.  Ointment  of 
Iodine.  (lodin.  ^j  :  Potass,  iodid.  gr.  iv  :  Aquae 
TT^vi ;  Adipis.  _^j.  Rub  the  iodine  and  iodide  tirst 
with  the  water  until  li(iuelied,  and  then  with  the 
lard  until  mixed.  /'/(.  U.  S.)  Used  as  a  local 
application  to  goitrous  and  other  swellings. 

Ungitkntiim  Iod'ini  Compos'itum,  U.  lodin'ii 
compositum,  Componud  Ointment  of  Iodine,  (fodiii 
3ss;  Potdssli  iodid.  ^j  !  Alcohol,  i'^y,  adipi-i  ^ij 
Rub  the  iodine  and  iodide  first  with  the  alcohol 
and  then  with  the  lard  until  they  are  well  mixed. 
Ph.  U.  S.) 

Ungukntum  Lau'rinum,  O'lenm  lau'rinum, 
Adeps  lauro-medica'tus.  Hay  Ointment,  (F.)  On- 
guent  ou  Hulle  de  laurier.  (Fol.  lauri,  5110  p., 
adip.  snilla;,  1000  p.  Bruise  in  a  marble  mortar; 
evaporate  all  humidity  by  boiling;  and  add  Bay 
berries,  in  powder,  600  p.  Digest  and  pass 
through  linen.  Ph.  P.)  Reputed  to  be-  corro- 
borant and  nervine.     It  is  simply  emollient. 

U.NouE.NTusr  Lknitivum,  U.  de  althroa — u.  Li- 
liaceum,  Crinomyron. 

Unouenti'm  Lyttj;,  Ung.  cauthar'idia  fieu  »'«"«?'- 
cato' rium  seu  irri'tans  sen  ad  vesica'ta  seu  infu'si 
mel'oes  vcsicafo'rii  seu  epispas'ticum  v>it"ius, 
mistering  Salve,  Ointment  of  Spanish  Flies,  Oint- 
ment if  Infusion  of  Spa  n  ish  Flies,  Milder  blis'tering 
Ointment.  (Cantharid.  in  pulv.  ^^ij  ;  aqumdestil- 
lat.  Oss  ;  cerat.  resin.  ,^viij.  Boil  ilown  the  water 
with  the  Spanish  flies  to  one-half,  and  strain ; 
then  mix  the  cerate  with  the  strained  liquor,  and 
evaporate  to  the  jiroper  consistence.  Ph.  U.  S.) 
It  is  stimulant  and  epispastic;  and  is  chiefly 
used  for  keeping  up  the  discharge  from  a  blistered 
surface. 

TTnguenthm  Lytt.-e  Medica'tum,  Adeps  can- 
tharid' ibus  medica'tns,  Poma'tum  seu  Unguentum 
epispas'ticum  vir'ide  stim'ulans  ac'ribus.  Green 
blis'tering  Ointment,  (F.)  Pommade  epispastique 
verte.  (Pomati  seu  vuguenti  cantharid.  64  p., 
unguent,  populci  108  ]).,  cercp  oIIkb  2i)6  \>.,  cuj)ri 
acetat.,  ext.  opii,  aa  24  p.  Melt  the  unguentum 
populcum,  and  wax,  and  add,  as  they  cool,  the 
oxyd  of  copper,  eantharides,  and  opium.  Ph.  P.) 
Use.  same  as  the  last. 

Unguentum  Lyttjf.  Medica'tum  A'liud, 
Adeps  cantharid' ibus  medica'tns  alius,  Poma'tum 
ej^ixpas'ticum  ftarum   et  miC'lus,   }  tlhxc  Blister- 


UNGUENTUM 


944 


UNGUENT UM 


{u(j  Oiiifmenf,  (F.)  Pommade  cpispasliqne.  jaiiiie. 
(Piilv.  cinithdiiii.  120  p.,  ailifi.  pvcEp.  16S0  \t., 
uq>i(B  250  p.  Melt  the  lard;  mix  the  eanthariiies, 
ami  a<lii  the  water  at  the  ^auie  time;  place  the 
whole  on  a  gentle  fire;  stir  continually  for  two 
hours,  and  add  a  little  water  to  replace  that  whicdi 
has  been  evaporated.  Pass  through  linen  and 
strain.  Keep  it  in  a  water-bath,  and  add  pow- 
dered turmeric,  8  p.  Let  it  cool  till  the  super- 
fluous liquid  separates ;  pour  off  and  add  yeHino 
wax,  250  p.,  Oil  of  Le  III  OH,  8  p.  /-'/).  P.)  A  com- 
plex preparation.     Use,  same  as  the  last. 

An  ointment,  not  very  philosophically  com- 
bined, was  used  by  Dr.  Physiek,  which  is  known 
by  the  name  of  "Dr.  Plii/nick's  Insne  Oliitnieiit." 
It  is  made  by  boiling  half  an  ounce  of  powdered 
caiitharides  in  two  ounces  of  rose-wnter,  and  eva- 
porating until  one-half  of  the  fluid  is  driven  off, 
having  previously  added  15  grains  of /ac((r)'ewe<i'c. 
The  decoction  is  to  be  strained,  and  three  ounces 
of  olire  oil,  an  ounce  and  a  half  of  ichile  wnjr,  and 
one  ounce  of  upermnceti  added  to  it,  and  the  mix- 
ture then  boiled  till  all  the  water  is  evaporated. 

Unghentum  Melanicum  Causticum,  Causti- 
cum  yEthiopicum. 

Ungiikntum  Mkrcuriale  Albi'm,  Unguentum 
hydrargyri  praecipitati  albi  —  u.  Mercuriale  citri- 
num,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  nitratis — u.  e  Mer- 
curio  prffitipitato,  llnguentum  hydrargyri  prse- 
cipitati  albi  —  u.  Mercurii  rubrum,  Unguentum 
hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi — u.  Mundilicans  Zelleri, 
Unguentum  hydrargyri  praecipitati  albi. 

Ungitentum  Meze'kei,  Ointment  of  jifezcreou. 
(Mezer.  incis.  transversim,  ,^iv;  adipix,  ,^xiv; 
cercB  «tli(E,  ^ij  ;  moisten  the  mezereon  with  a 
little  alcohol,  apd  beat  in  an  iron  mortar,  until 
reduced  to  a  fibrous  mass  ;  then  digest  it  with 
the  lard,  in  a  salt-water  bath,  for  12  hours  ;  strain 
forcibly,  and  allow  the  strained  liquor  to  cool 
slowly,  so  that  any  undissolved  matters  may 
subside  :  from  these  separate  the  medicated  lard  ; 
melt  it  with  the  wax  at  a  moderate  heat,  and  stir 
constantly  till  they  are  cold.  Ph.  U.  i5.)  To 
keep  open  blisters,  issues,  <fec. 

UnGUENTLIM  MuKIA'tIS  llYDRAnCVRI  OXYGE- 
NA'to  MeDICa'tuM,  Acleps  muria'te  hi/drnri/i/ri 
o.rijf/eiia'to  inediciitiin,  Cijriltii's  Ointment,  (F.) 
Poninmde  de  Ci/rillo.  (Ifj/ilrnr.  oxyinur.  4  p.; 
adipii  sniUi  prcep.  32  p. — Ph.  P.)  Antivenereal 
and  alterative.     Used  in  friction,  ^^^ss  at  a  time. 

Ungitentum  NARniNUjr,  see  Nardus  Indica  — 
u.  Neajiolitanum,  Unguentum  hydrargyri  —  u. 
Nervinum,  Unguentum  Sambuci  —  u.  Nitricum 
seu  oxygenatum,  Unguentum  acidi  nitrosi. 

Unghentiim  Ophthal'michm,  Adcps  ox'ido  hi/- 
drarcjijri  ruhro  et  phiinhi  aceta'te  medica'tiw,  Re- 
gent's PoinnKide  oplitludiniqne,  (F.)  Ponunade  oph- 
thalmiqne.  {fiiiti/r.  recent.,  nq.  rosur,  lavat.  aa  4J 
p. ;  cainjihor.,  oxi/d.  Injdrurcj.  ruhr.,((cetiitlii plnmhi, 
aa  0.25  p.  Mix  intimately. — Ph.  P.)  In  chronic 
inflammation  of  the  conjunctiva  or  tarsi. 

Unguentum  OpiiTHALJiiruM,  Unguentum  oxidi 
7,inci  inipuri — u.  Ophthalmicum  rubrum,  Unguen- 
tum hydrargyri  nitrico-oxydi. 

Unguentum  O'rii,  Ointment  of  Opinm.  (Opii 
pulv.  J)j;  adipix  gj;  M.— Ph.L.)  To  be  used 
where  the  local  application  of  opium  by  inunction 
is  needed. 

UNGUENTu^f  Ox'iDT  HYnRARGYni  Cine'rei, 
Adeps  seu  Unijnentum  ex  hydrarrjyro  mit'iiis  dic- 
tum cinerenm.  Ointment  of  rp-ay  oxide  of  mercury, 
(F. )  Onrptent  (pin.  [O.ryd.  liydrnrij.  ciner.  p.  j  ; 
o'lipix  snilli,  p.  iij.  —  Ph.  E.)  Properties  like 
the  mercurial  ointment.     It  is  not  much  used. 

Unguentum  Ox'ini  Plumbi  At.bi,  U.  cems'scs 
seu  album  seu  Hithaceta'tis  jjhinibi.  Ointment  of 
white  ou'ide  of  lead,  White  ointment.  (Unr/.  sim- 
plicis,  p.  vj  oxyd.  plumb,  alb.  p.  j.  —  Ph.  E.  and 


P.)  Cooling  and  desiccative.  Applied  to  exco- 
riated and  burnt  surfaces. 

Unguentum  Oxidi  Pi.umbi  Carbonati.  U. 
Plunibi  subcarbonalis  —  u.  Oxidi  zinci,  Unguen- 
tum zinci. 

UN(iuBNTUM  Ox'ini  Zinci  Impu'ri,  U.  tii'ticB  seu 
ophthal' inicum  seu  dia]>onipliol' yipix,  Adeps  oj''- 
idi  zinci  mtdica'tux,  Eye-xalve,  Tutty  ointment, 
Ointment  of  impure  oxide  of  zinc.  (Linim.  nimpl. 
p.  v;  o.ryd.  zinc.  imp.  prcF.p.  p.  j.  —  Ph.  E.) 
Generally  used  in  ophthalmia  tarsi  and  atonic 
ophthalmia. 

Unguentum  Pins  Liq'uid^,  U.  Picix  seu  e 
Pice,  Tar  Ointment.  (I'icix  liquid.,  sevi,  sing. 
Ibj.  Melt,  and  stir  till  cold.— Ph.  U.  S.)  Stimu- 
lant and  detergent.  Used  in  tinea  capitis,  and 
other  cutaneous  eruptions. 

Unguentum  Picis  Nigr^,  Unguentum  resinso 
nigrae  —  u.  Plumbi  acetatis,  Ceratum  plumbi  su- 
peracetatis  —  u.  Plumbi  carbonatis,  Unguentum 
plumbi  subcarbonatis. 

Unguentum  Plumbi  Compos'itum,  Compound 
Ointment  of  Lead.  (Jitnj).  Plumbi,  tbiij  ;  ol.  (div, 
f^^xviij  ;  cret.  praspar.  ^^vj  ;  acid.  acet.  dil.  f,^vj. 
Dissolve  the  plaster  in  the  oil  with  a  slow  fire; 
then  add  the  chalk,  and  afterwards  the  acid,  con- 
stantly stirring  until  they  become  cold. — Ph.  L.) 
Used  as  a  dressing  to  flabby,  indulent  ulcers. 

Unguentitm  Pi.umbi  Iod'iih,  Ointment  <f  hi. 
dide  of  Lead.  (Plumb,  iodid.  ^j  ;  adipix.  .^viij  ; 
M. — Pii.  L.)  Used  as  a  eutrophic  in  chronic, 
glandular,  and  other  swellings. 

Unguentum  Plumbi  Oxydi  Carbonati,  Un- 
guentum plumbi  subcarbonatis — u. Plunibi  subace- 
tatis,  Unguentum  oxidi  plumbi  albi — u.  Plunibicl 
carbonatis,  Unguentum  plumbi  subcarbonatis. 

Unguentuji  Plumbi  Subcaubona'tis,  (/.plum- 
bi  carbona'tia  (Ph.  U.  S.)  seu  album  seu  album 
xiinplex  seu  carbona'tia  plumbici  seu  cerux'xa:  seu 
oxidi  plumbi  carbonn'ti,  Cera'tum  de  cerux'xd,  (F.) 
Ouguent  blanc  de  Jihazex,  0.  de  ceruse,  0.  de 
Tornamira.  (Plumbi  carbunat.  in  pulv.  subtiliss. 
,^ij;  Unguent,  siinpl.  Ibj.  Add  the  carbonate  of 
lead  to  the  ointment  previously  softened  over  a 
gentle  fire,  and  mix.  —  Ph.  U.  S.J  Chiefly  used 
as  a  dressing  for  burns. 

Unguentum  Plumbi  Superaceta'tis,  U.  ace- 
ta'tis  plumbi  seu  saturni'nnm.  seu  cerux'xas  aceta'- 
tcB,  BuV samnm  vnirersa'le.  Ointment  of  sugar  of 
lead.  (Olive  oil,  tbss  ;  lohite  wax,  ^if'S  ;  super- 
acetate  of  lead,  ^\j.)  Cooling,  desiccative.  Called, 
also,  Balsamum  saturni'num,  Buty'rum  aatur'ni; 
Linimen'tnm  jilumba'tum,  Poma'tum  xatur'ni, 
Uuij.  triphar'maciim. 

Unguentum  Popule'um,  Adeps  papav' ere,  hy- 
oscy'amo,  et  belladon'nd  medica'tua.  Fresh  buds 
of  the  popidus  nigra,  500  p.,  macerated  in  adeps 
auillus  prcep.  melted,  1500  p.,  for  21  hours.  Pre- 
serve this.  Take  black  poppy  leaves,  belladonna, 
hyoxcyamua,  black  nightshade,  aii  128  p.;  bruise 
in  !i  mortar  with  the  former  preparaiion  ;  boil 
until  all  the  humidity  is  evaporated,  and  strain. — 
Ph.  P.)  Anodyne.  Applied  to  local  iiiflanima- 
tions,  hemorrhoids,  sore  nipples,  cancer,  &c. 
Green  elder  ointment  is  often  sold  for  this. 

Unguentum  Populeiim,  see  Pojjulus. 

Unguentum  PoTAs'syf;  Hydrioda'tis.  U.  po. 
tax'sii  iod'idi  (Ph.  U.  f^.).  Ointment  of  hydri'odate 
of  potass.  (Potass,  iodid.  in  pulv.  subtil.  _^j  ;  aq. 
bullient.  f^j  ;  adipix,  ^}.  Dissolve  the  iodide  in 
the  water,  and  mix  the  solution  with  the  lard. — 
Ph.  U.  S.)  Half  a  drachm  of  this  ointment  is 
rubbed  on  scrofulous  glands,  goitre,  &c. 

Unguentum  Potassii  Iodidi,  Unguentum  Po- 
tassae  Hydriodatis  —  u.  Pivlveris  ineloes  Vesica- 
torii,  Cerate  of  cantharides  —  u.  Resinae  flava), 
Ceratum  resinae  flavre. 

Unguentum  Resi'xjE  Nigr.»2,  U.  resina  nigrum 
seu  haail'icon  nigrum  seu  Picia  nigra  seu  Picii 


UNGUENTUM 


94 


UNITING   BANDAGE 


tetrnphnrm'aciim,  Black  hnntUron,  Blade  resin 
oliiliiient,  Ointment  of  flitch.  Ointment  of  black 
pilch.  (Renin  nigr.,  ceroR  jlavm,  resinm  Jlav.  ua 
^:^ix  ;  olei  oliv(B,  Oj. — Ph.  L.)  Uses,  the  same  as 
the  Ccratiiin  reiilncB  or   Yellow   hiiHilicon. 

llNorKNTiiM  Rbsin^  Pini  Sylvksthis  Com- 
ro'^iri'M,  Urifjnentum  de  Althica — u.  Resinosura, 
Ccratiim  re.sinae  flavae  —  u.  Resuuiptivuin,  Un- 
guentuin  de  altha-S,. 

Unoi'kntcm  Sabine.  Ceratura  Sabinse. 

Unouiintum  Sambu'ci,  U.  samhu'cAnmn  seu 
iiervi'iiniii,  Green  ointment,  Eliter  ointment,  (F.) 
Ongnent  (le  xnreau.  [Samhiici  Jlor.  Ibij  ;  adijiin 
prap.  tt)ij.     Boil. — Ph.  L.)     Eiiii)llient. 

UN(;i;KNru.\t  SATintNiNiiM,  llni^uentum  plumbi 
Fuperncctatis — u.  ad  Scabiein  Zelleri,  Unguentutn 
hydrar^yri  prieoipitati  albi — u.  Simplex,  Ceratum 
Oaleni,  Un^uL'titutn  ccrse — u.  Solidutn  de  cicutS., 
Einplastrutu  cicutae — u.  Spennatis  ceti,  Unguen- 
tum  cctacei. 

Ungi.'Kntum  STRAMo'Nrr,  Ointment  of  St  ram  o'- 
niitm.  (Ext.  utramon.  fol.  ^j  ;  adipi»,  ^^j.  Rub 
the  extract  with  a  little  water  until  uniformly 
soft,  and  then  with  the  lard.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  An 
anodyne  ointment  to  irritable  ulcers,  hemorrhoids, 

Unourntum  Stbacrta'tis  Ciipri,  TJ.  cnpri 
Bubacetii'tis  (Ph.  U.  S.)  sen  dctev'genn  seu  hasil'- 
iciim  vir'ide  seu  isrit'yinlii,  Bal'mimum  viride, 
Ointment  of  nidxicetate  of  copper,  Ver'digris  oint- 
ment. (Cnpri  nnbacet.  in  pulv.  subtiliss.  J5J  ;  1(1117. 
simpl.  ^x-v.  Add  the  subaeetate  to  the  ointment 
previously  melted  with  a  moderate  heat,  and  stir 
till  cold. — Ph.  U.  S.)     Determent  and  escharotic. 

Ungukntum  Sulpiiuiia'tum  ad  Sca'bikm, 
Adeps  sul'phure  et  ammo'nim  nnirin'te  medica'tns. 
(Adipix,  120  p.;  sidph.  lot.  60  p.;  ammonioB  mu- 
riat.,  alumina'  xulphat.  aa  4  p. ;  fiat  unguentum. — 
Ph.  P.)     Antijisoric. 

Bailcji's  Itch  Ointment  is  composed  oi  olive  oil, 
lard,  nitre,  alnm,  sulphate  of  zinc,  and  cinnabar  ; 
scented  with  oil  of  aniseed,  oil  of  origanum,  and 
oil  of  spike,  and  coloured  with  alkanet-root. 

TjNGi'KNTnM    Sulphiira'tum    Alcai.i'niim   ad 

Sca'bIRM,  Adrps  snlpli'nre  et  cavhona'te  potasses 
medica'tns,  flcl'merick's  Alciline  Sulphura'ted  Itch 
Ointment.  (Adip.  prcRp.  800  p.;  sulphur,  lot.  200 
p.;  carbonat.  potass,  pur.  100  p.;  iiat  ung. — Ph. 
P.)     Use,  same  as  the  last. 

Bateman's  Itch  Ointment  resembles  this.  It  is 
coloured  with  cinnabar,  and  scented  with  essence 
of  bergamot. 

U.VGUKNTUM  Sl'l/prirRls,  U.  c  sulph'ure.  Sul- 
phur ointnioit.  (Su/ph.  tbj  ;  «r//;).  Ibij. — Ph.  U". 
S.)  Used  chiefly  in  itch,  and  some  herpetic 
affections. 

Unoue.ntum  SiiLPnuRis  Compos'ttum,  U.  An- 
ttpsor'icum,  Compoimd  Sulphur  Ointment,  Itch 
Ointment,  Jackson's  Itch  Ointment.  f'<immade  An- 
tip«ori(pie  de  Jusser.  (Sulph.  snhlim.  Ibss ;  ve- 
ratri  rad.  contus.  ^ij;  potasscB  nit  rat.  ^']  ;  sapo- 
wi>  mollis,  Ibss;  adipis,  Ibiss  ;  ol.  bergamot. 
n\,xxx.  — Ph.  L.)  The  Unoiikntum  Sulpiuiris 
CoMPosiTCM  of  the  Pharm.  U.  S.  is  made  as  fol- 
lows :  —  Sulphur.  5J  ;  hydrargi/ri  animouiat.,  acid. 
benzoic,  iia  ^j  ;  ol.  bergamot.,  acid,  sulphuric,  aa 
f^j  ;  potassas  nitrat.  jlj  ;  adipis,  Ibss.  To  the 
welled  lard  add  the  other  ingredients,  and  stir 
till  cold.  Use,  the  same  as  the  last;  but  it  is 
more  .stimulating. 

Unguentum  vSulph'uris  Ton'ini.  Ointment  of 
rodide  of  Sulphur.  (Sulphur,  iodid.  ,:^ss  ;  adi- 
pis, ^j.  Rub  the  iodide  with  a  little  of  the  lard  ; 
add  the  remainder,  and  mix.  — Ph.  U.S.)  An 
excellent  application  in  chronic  cutaneous  affec- 
tions. 

UNOliKNTtM  StTSlNUM,  Crinnmjron. 

Ungi'UNTI'M  Tab'acI.  Tobacco  Ointment.     (Ta- 

6ac.  recent,  coueis.  SJ ;  adipis,  tbj.     Boil  the  to- 
60 


bacco  in  the  lard,  over  a  gentle  fire,  till  it  be- 
comes friable;  then  strain  through  linen.  —  Ph. 
U.  S.)  Applied  to  irritable  ulcars,  tinea  capi- 
tis, &o. 

UNGIII5NTUM  Tartari  Emetici,  U.  antimonii 
tartarizati  —  u.  Tartari  stibiati,  U.  antimonii  tar- 
tarizati  —  u.  e  Tartaro  potassao  stibiati,  U.  anti- 
monii tartarizati  —  u.  Tartratis  potass;^  stibiati, 
U.  antimonii  tartarizati  —  u.  de  Terebinthina  et 
adipibus,  U.  elemi  compositum  —  u.  de  Terebin- 
thina et  cera,  U.  de  althica  —  u.  Terebinthinae  et 
ovorum  vitelli,  U.  digestivum  simplex — u.  Tetra- 
pharmacum,  Basilicon,  U.  resinaj  nigrae — u.  Tri- 
phartnacum,  U.  plumbi  superacetatis  —  u.  Tutia3. 
U.  oxidi  zinci  impuri. 

UN'GtiENTUM  Vkra'trt,  U.  Veratri  albi  (Ph.  U. 
S.)  seu  helteb'ori  albi,  White  hellebore  ointment, 
(Veratr.  pulv.  5U>  odipis,  ^^viij  ;  olei  llmon. 
TTJ^xx.)  Used  in  cases  of  itch,  where  sulphur  is 
objected  to.     It  is  not  equally  eflBcacious. 

The  principal  ingredients  in  the  Edinbhrgh 
OiNTME.NT  are  xohite  hellebore  and  muriate  of  am- 
monia, 

UNGtiENTUM  AP  Vesicata,  U.  lyttsB — u.  ad 
Vesicatoria,  Cerate  of  cantharides  —  u.  Vesicato- 
riuni,  Unguentum  lyttse. 

Ungitrntum  ZiNcr,  U.  ox'idi  zinci  seu  zinoi 
o.ridi  (Ph.  U.  S.),  Zinc  ointment.  (Zinci  oxid. 
'^'] ;  adipis,  5vj.)  Use,  the  same  as  that  of  the 
Unguentum  tntia. 
Ungwrntum  Zinci  Oxidi,  U.  zinci. 
UNGUIS,  Hippocampus  minor,  Nail,  Onyx, 
Pterygion  —  u.  Avis,  Hippocampus  minor  —  u. 
Halleri,  Hippocampus  minor — u.  Odoratus,  Blatta 
Byzantia. 

Unguis  Os,  Os  lac.ryma'le.  A  small,  quadri- 
lateral, very  thin,  and  semi-transparent  bone, 
which  has  been  compared  to  a  human  nail,  and 
is  situate  at  the  anterior  and  inner  part  of  the 
orbit.  It  aids  in  the  formation  of  the  laehryu-al 
gutter  and  the  nasal  duct.  It  is  articulated  with 
the  frontal,  superior  maxillary,  ethmoid,  and 
inferior  spongy  bones,  and  is  developed  by  a  sin- 
gle pnnctum  osnificatiiinis. 

UNCIULA   CABALLIXA.  Tussilago. 
UNGUL.^  PALPEBRARUM,  see  Tarsus. 
UNHEALTHY,  Sickly. 
UNICORN   ROOT,  Chama;lirium  luteum. 
UNILOCULAR,     Unilocula'ris,     from     unus. 
'one,'  and  locnlus,  (diminutive  of  locus,)   'a  cell.' 
Having   one   cell   or  cavity,  as  biloc'nlar  means 
having  two  cells  or  cavities;  multiloc'ular,  hmLv'iDg 
man  v. 

UN  10.  Pearl. 

UNIOCULUS,  Cyclops,  Monoculus. 
UNION   BY    THE    FIRST   AND    SECOND 
INTENTIONS,  see  Intention. 
UNIPARIENS,  Uniparous. 
UNIPARIENT,  Uniparous. 

UNIP'AROUS,  Unipa'rient,  Unipariens,  from 
unus,  'one,'  and  pario,  'I  bring  forth.'  Pro- 
ducing one  at  a  birth. 

UNISE'MA  DELTIFO'LIA,  Pontede'ria  cor. 
da'td,  Shorel  Pickerelwccd,  J'ond  Shocel,  Shovel- 
leaf,  Water  Plantain.  An  indigenous  plant,  Ord. 
Pontederiaceae,  Sex.  Si/st.  Hexandria  Monogynia, 
which  grows  in  water,  and  flowers  from  June  to 
August.  The  root  is  emollient  and  astringent. 
,  UNITAIRES  (MONSTHES)  (F.),  from  uni- 
tes, 'oneness.'  A  class  of  monsters  in  wliiih  are 
found  only  the  complete  or  incomplete  elements 
of  a  single  individual.  In  contradistinction  to 
Compound  monsters,  (F.)  Monstres  composes,  in 
which  there  are  the  complete  or  incomplete  ele- 
ments of  more  than  one. 

UNI'TING  BANDAGE,  (F.)  Baudoiie  unis- 
sant.  A  bandage  for  bringing  the  edires  of  a 
■wound    into   approximation.     The    arraugemeut 


UNI VOCAL   GENERATION 


9  46 


URETHRA 


of  such  a  bandnge  difFcrs  nccording  as  the  wound 
is  tTiinsver.-'e  or  ionfjiludinal. 

UNTVn(\AL  OKNEKATION,  see  Generation. 
VXnCULUS,  n.uijUK.  Cvclops,  Monoculus. 
l5N0U(iAMZED;  Inorganic. 
UNSTRIPED  MUSCULAll  FIBRE,  see  Mus- 
cul.ir  fibre. 

UNWELL,  see  Menstruation. 
UJ'AS.  A  word  used  in  the  Archipelagos  of 
Molucca  and  Sunda,  and  signifying  \'tij<t((ble 
Poimiii,  fjX),  Dohnti,  I'ohoii,  or  Boil  or  Boon  i'pai, 
Ujxis,  Polioit  Aiitiar,  Aiifsjai:  A  substance  used 
by  the  natives  of  those  jjlaces  for  poisoning  their 
arrows.  The  smallest  quantity  is  capable  of  de- 
stroying the  largest  animal.  The  tree  whicrh 
produces  it  is  said  to  be  the  Antia'n'a  To.xica'iia. 
Another  species  of  upas,  U.  Tieiile,  Tihettik  or 
Tjettck,  is  the  produce  of  a  Stri/chiios,  S.  Tieiile. 
Many  idle  stories  are  told  regarding  the  upas, 
most  of  which  are  fabulous. 

U'RACIIUS,  U'l-dfus,  Urinac'ulum,  from  ovpov, 
'urine,' and  e;(;(i),  "I  contain.'  {¥.)  Oiiroqiie.  The 
urachus,  in  certain  animals,  is  a  long  membranous 
canal,  wliich  arises  from  tlie  bladder,  makes  its 
e.xil  from  the  abdomen  by  the  umbilicus,  and  ter- 
minates in  the  pouch  called  allantois.  According 
to  Sabatier,  this  is  the  arrangement  of  the  ura- 
chus in  the  liuinan  foetus;  but  Bichat  and  other 
anatomists  consider,  that  when  the  canal  exists 
in  it,  it  is  a  malformation.  They  regard  it  as  a 
kind  of  suspensory  ligament  of  the  bladder,  ex- 
tending from  the  top  of  that  organ  to  the  umbili- 
cus: and,  at  the  umbilicus,  confounded  with  the 
abdominal  aponeurosis. 

URACRATIA,  Enuresis. 

liRACUS,  Urachus. 

UR-iE'MIA,  (7i-)ice'mia.{F.)  Urenn'e,  from  ovpov, 
'mine,'  and  'atita,  'blood.'  A  condition  of  the 
blooil  in  wliich  it  contains  urine  or  urea. 

I'RALI,  Curare. 

URANA,  Ureter. 

URANE.  Urinal. 

URANISCONI'TIS,  from  ovpavta^oi,  'the  pa- 
late,' and  ills,  denoting  inflammation.  J'aluti'tin. 
Inflanunation  of  the  palate. 

U  RANLSCOPLAS'TY,  Ur<,,i!H,-ophiis'i!,e,  from 
ovpaviaKoi,  'the  yjalate,'  and  irXanTiKoi,  'forming.' 
The  operation  of  engrafting  in  case  of  deficiency 
of  the  soft  palate. 

URAMSCORRHAPIIIA,  Staphylorrapby. 

URANII^COS,  Palate. 

URANORIIHAPIIIA,  Staphylorrapby. 

URAPOSTE'M A,  AbKvex'xus  uriiio'iiis,  Urte- 
de'iiia,  from  ovpov,  'urine,'  and  u^oarnpia,  'an  ab- 
scess.' A  tumefaction  produced  by  the  escape  of 
urine.     An  abscess  containing  urine. 

URAKI.  Curare. 

URAS,  Urate. 

URATE,  Uras,  Lithfite,  Litliaa ;  from  ovpov, 
'urine.'  A  generic  name  for  salts,  formed  by  the 
combination  of  uric  or  lithic  acid  with  different 
bases.  Urate  or  Lithote  of  Soda,  for  example,  is 
found  in  arthritic  and  certain  urinary  concre- 
tions:—  Urate  or  Lithate  of  Ammo' Ilia  in  certain 
urinary  deposits. 

URE'A,  Ureii,  Uren'iniii,  U' riciim,  Mafe'rin 
Airiitu'na,  PriiK'ip'inm  seu  Sal  itri)i(i' Hum,  N'^jth- 
riiie,  {¥.)  Uree.  Same  etymon.  A  white,  pearly, 
brilliant  substance,  in  transparent  plates,  ino- 
dorous, and  of  a  cool  taste  ;  very  soluble  in  water  ; 
deliquescent,  and  soluble  in  alcohol.  It  exists, 
in  great  quantity,  in  the  urine;  and  is  an  essen- 
tial part  of  it.  It  has  been  used  as  a  diuretic. 
Dose.  gr.  XV  to  ^j. 

UREC'CIIYSIS,  Urech' I/His,  from  ovpov,  'urine,' 
and  tif.ti'C'f.  'effusion.'  Effusion  <jf  urine  into  the 
cellular  membrane. 

UREDO,  Urtiearia- 

UJi££,  Urea. 


UREMA.  Urine. 
U REM  IE,  Uriemia. 
UREX,  Urea. 
URENIUM,  Urea. 

URENS,  Caustic. 

UREORRIKEA,  Diabetes. 

URKSIiESTlIESIS,  Diuresiaesthesis. 

URESIS,  Micturition. 

URE'TER,  ovpriTnp.  Same  ety^ion  as  Urate. 
U'ruun,  Vena  alba  reniiiii,  Cana'lln  ner'veim  Jiulii- 
Io'kiih  retnim,  Biictiis  seu  Dnctor  Uri'txB,  Van  uri- 
na'rium,  (F.)  Uretcre.  A  long,  excretory  canal 
■ — membranous  and  cylindiical  —  which  conveys 
the  urine  from  the  kidney  to  the  bladder.  It  ex- 
tends, obliquely,  between  the  pelvis  of  the  kid- 
ney, with  which  it  is  continuous,  and  the  has  fond 
of  the  bladder,  into  which  it  opens.  It  enters  at 
the  posterior  and  inferior  i)art,  for  some  distance 
between  the  coats,  and  o]]ens  into  the  cavity  of 
the  bladder,  at  the  posterior  angle  of  the  Triijone 
veiic(tL  The  ureter  is  formed  of  an  exterior, 
white,  opake,  and  fibrous  membrane;  and  of  an 
inner,  which  is  mucous. 

URETERAL'GIA,  from  ovpnnip,  'the  ureter,' 
and  aXyos,  '  pain.'  Pain  in  the  course  of  the  ure- 
ter,— as  from  calculus,   Ureteral' yiti  calcnio'aa. 

UitETKHALGiA  Calculosa,  See  Ureteralgia — u. 
Inflammatoria,  Ureteritis. 

URETERE,  Ureter. 

URETER'ICUS.  An  epithet  for  ischury,  Ac, 
arising  from  an  affection  of  the  ureter. 

URETERI'TIS,  Ureteral'ijla  injiammatn'ria, 
Urelerojdileyma'sia,  from  xireter,  and  itix,  deno- 
ting inflammation.  Inflanunation  of  the  ureter; 
generallv  caused  by  calculus. 

URKTERO-Lrill'ICUS,  from  weter,  aiid 
Ai-5«s,  'a  stone.'  An  epithet  applied  to  ischury 
or  other  affection  caused  bv  a  stone  in  the  ureter. 

URETEROL'ITIIUS.  Same  etymon.  Calcu- 
lus in  the  ureter. 

URETEROPHLEGMASIA,  Ureteritis. 

URETERO-PIILEGMAT'ICUS,  from  nreter, 
and  0\s.yii(i,  'plilegm  or  mucus.'  An}'  affection 
caused  by  mucus  aofumulatcd  in  the  ureter. 

URE'TERO-PY'ICUS,  from  nreter,  and  t,vov, 
'pus.'  An  epithet  applied  to  affections  caused  by 
the  presence  of  pus  in  the  ureter. 

URETERORRHAG"IA,  fmm  nreter,  and  pay,t, 
'rupture.'     Hemorrliage  from  the  ureter. 

URETERO-STOMAT'ICUS,  from  nreter,  and 
oTOjia,  'orifice.'  That  which  is  dependent  upon 
obstruction  of  the  orifice  of  the  ureter. 

UKETERO-TllROMBOi'DES,  from  nreter, 
■Spo^/Jos,  'grumous  blood,' and  £i(5o5,  'resemblance.' 
Ischury  from  grumous  blood  in  the  ureter. 

URE'TIIRA,  ovfirjSpa,  Oann'lla  seu  ilfea'lnt  seu 
Dnetns  nrina'rini,  Urian,  Ure'tra,  Fii'tnln  nri- 
na'ria,  her  nrina'rinm  seu  Uri'ncB ;  (F.)  iretlire, 
Uretre,  from  ovpov,  'urine.'  The  excretory  dnct.^ 
for  the  urine  in  both  sexes;  and  for  the  sperm  in 
man.  In  the  latter,  it  is  8  or  10  inches  long ;  and 
extends  from  the  neck  of  the  bladder  to  the  ex- 
tremity of  the  penis,  in  which  its  external  aper- 
ture is  situate.  In  the  male  urethra,  three  por- 
tions are  distinguished: — 1.  A  Prostatie  portion, 
near  the  bladder,  about  an  inch  and  a  quarter  in 
length,  which  traverses  the  prostate  gland:  — 
2.  A  membranonn  portion,  hthmns  nre'tlner.  I'arn 
ure'thrm  membrana'cea,  from  8  to  1 0  lines  long, 
which  is  sep.arated  from  the  rectum  by  the  areo- 
lar tissue  only : — 3.  A  upon;/;/  portion,  \xh\eh  fx- 
paiids,  anteriorly,  to  form  the  glans,  and  which 
commences  at  the  bnib  of  the  urethra.  Bi  fore 
opening  externally,  the  canal  has  a  dilatation, 
called  the  Foxta  or  FoHnic'idn  navicnla' rin.  On 
the  interior  of  the  urethra  two  white  lines  are 
pon.eptible  —  the  one  above,  tho  other  below. 
The  latter  commences  at  the  verumontunum;  aud 


URETHRAL 


947 


URINARY 


at  the  surface  of  this,  the  ejnculntory  iliictn,  and 
piiiHldtic  c/iicia  open.  The  urethra  is  lined,  in  its 
Avhdle  extent,  by  a  mucous  nuMnV)rane;  on  which 
lire  .xeen,  particularly  at  liie  bulb,  the  orifices  of 
a  number  of  follicular  ducts,  LaciincB  or  SiiiiiKei 
of  Jlor<j>i(/iii.  At  about  an  inch  and  a  half  from 
tiie  opening  of  the  meatus,  one  of  tiiese  lacunae  is 
f;cneriilly  found,  much  larger  than  the  rest,  and 
is  named  Lucnnn  Mnyud.  The  arteries  of  the 
uretiira  are  numerous,  and  proceed  from  the  in- 
fernal pudic, — the  largest  branches  entering  the 
bulb.  The  veins  follow  the  course  of  the  arteries. 
The  lymphatics  pass  into  the  inguinal  and  hypo- 
giistric  plexuses.  The  nerves  come  from  the  pu- 
dic and  gluteal.  In  the  /cmale,  the  urethra  is 
only  about  an  inch  long.  It  is  wider  than  in 
num.  and  susceptible  of  great  dilatation.  It  is 
very  wide  at  its  commencement;  and  descends 
obliquely  forwards,  to  terminate  at  the  top  of  the 
external  aperture  of  the  vagina  by  the  mKi'tus 
Miiiia'riuH.  In  its  course,  it  is  slightly  curved, 
the  concavity  being  forwards. 

UiiKTiiRA,  Blind  Ducts  of  the,  see  Caecus  — 
u.  Mucous  liicuTin;  of  the,  see  Caecus. 

UHE'TIIKAL,  Ui-elhia'liH,  Ure'thricus.  Re- 
lating to  the  urethra. 

UKETIIRAL'UIA,    from    to-dht-o,   and   a\yos, 
'pain.'     Piiin  in  the  urethra.     Gonorrhoea. 
VIlETllliE,  Urethra. 

IKirj'llKEMPlIRAXrS,  Urethrophraxis. 
IIUETIIHITIS.  Gonorrha-a. 
UKETllROBLENNOKRllOS'A,  from  urethra, 
/JXin'u,  '  mucus,' and  p£(i),  'I  flow.'     Gonorrhoea; 
gleet. 

IJRETIIROCYSTAUCHENOTOMIA,  see  Li- 
thotomy. 

U  R  E  THROCYSTEOANEURYSMATOTOM- 
lA,  see  Lithotomy. 

UltETHROCYSTEOTRACIIELOTOMIA,  see 

Lithiitcjniv. 

URETilROHiEMORRIIAGIA,  Urethrorrha- 
giii. 

URETHROPn  RAX'IS,  Urethrevtphrau'is, 
from  urethra,  and  ippaaaoi,  'I  obstruct.'  Obstruc- 
tion of  the  urethra. 

UUETllROPLAS'TIC,f7rer;i)o;;/f>s'ri"c»s/frorn 
vrelhra,  and  TrXaaau).  'I  form.'  An  epithet  given 
to  the  operation,  U'rethroplanty,  which  supplies 
defects  in  the  canal  of  the  urethra  through  which 
the  urine  escapes. 

URETHRORRHA'GIA,  Urethrohwimrrha'- 
(jiii,  Vaiilorrhii'yia  seu  Hceiii'itii'rid  sti/l<itit"iii, 
fiimi  urethra,  and  pnywiti,  '  I  break  out.'  Jlcmor- 
rhii^e  from  the  urethra.  —  Frank. 

URETHRORRHCE'A,  from  urethra,  and  pew, 
'I  flow.'  A  discharge  of  any  kind  from  the 
urethra. 

URETIIROSTENO'SIS,  Strietu'ro  vre'thr<p., 
Vrcxteii'i'xin,  Urethninfeii'ia,  (F. )  lietr^eiixemeiit 
tie  rUr^thre,  from  urethra,  and  cTcvbicti,  'narrow- 
ness.'    Stricture  of  the  urethra. 

URETHROTOME,  Urethrot'omm,  {¥.)  I're- 
thii,tiiiue,  from  urethra,  and  Tt\ivij>,  '  I  cut.'  An 
iiistnnnent  so  called  by  Le  Cat,  with  which  he 
divided  the  skin,  and  "laid  ojien  the  urethra,  in 
tlir  uperation  for  liihotr)tny.  Also,  an  instrument 
(•ir  dividing  strictures  of  the  urethra. 

I'RETHROT'OMY,  Ureihmtam'ta  ;  game  ety- 
ni'M.  An  operation,  which  consists  in  opening 
til.'  urethra  with  the  Vrethratome,  {>iT  l\\e  temo- 
\;i.    -f  stricture.     See  fl»ut,niulcre. 

IMlE'l'HRYMENO'DKS,  fn.m  urethra,  and 
',  ,  'a  membrane.'  That  which  is  caused  by  a 
10.  s  bnine  Conned  iu  the  urethra. 

lilETIcrS.  Diuretic,  Urinary. 

IRETRA.  Urethra. 

/  UETIIK.  Urethra. 

URETRIS,  Urinal. 


UROINEA  SCILLA,  Scilla. 

UH]1^;MIA,  Uramia. 

UP.IAS,  Fistula  (urinary),  Urethra. 

URIASIS.  Lilhia,  Uresis. 

URIC  ACID,  Ac"idum  u'ricum  seu  urolith'- 
icuvi  seu  iilh'icum,  Lith'ic,  Uryl'ic,  Cal'culous, 
Bezo'dr'dic,  Lithiu'sic  or  Lilhen'ic  Acid,  (F.) 
Aeide  urique.  An  acid  which  exists  in  huniiin 
urine,  chiefly,  if  not  wholly,  in  the  form  of  urate 
of  soda  or  urate  of  atnnionia,  and  which  in  com- 
bination constitutes  the  greater  part  of  urinary 
calculi.  It  is  often  deposited  from  the  urine  in 
health.     See  Calculi,  urinary. 

URJC  OXIDE,  Ox'iduui  u'ricum,  Xanthic  ox- 
ide, Xaiithiue,  Uroua  acid.  A  substance  not  dis- 
covered in  healthy  urine,  although  jirobably  bear- 
ing some  relation  to  the  yellow  colouring  matter. 
It  is  a  very  rare  ingredient  of  calculous  concre- 
tions, and  little  is  known  either  of  its  chemical  or 
jiathological  history. 

URICUM,  Urea. 

URIC  US;  Urinary. 

URIDRO'SIS,  from  ovpov,  'urine,'  and  'tlpug, 
'sweat.'  Urinous  sweating.  (F.)  Sueur  uri- 
neune. 

URINA  CEREBELLA,  see  Cerebella— n.  Chy- 
li,  see  Urine  —  u.  Cibi,  see  Urine  —  u.  Diabetica, 
Urine,  diabetic  —  u.  Febrilis,  Urine,  febrile  — u. 
Furfuracea,  see  Furfuraceous — u.  Gahictodes,  see 
Galactodes — u.  Genitalis,  Sperm — u.  Jnmentosa 
seu  Jumentaria,  Urine,  jumentous  —  u.  Mucosa, 
Cystirrhoca- — u.  Nephelodes,  see  Ncpheloid — u. 
Oroboides  seu  Orobodes,  see  Oroboides — u.  Peri- 
cardii, see  Pericardium  —  u.  Potfls,  see  Urine  — 
u.  Sanguinis,  see  Urit}e — u.  Vacca;,  Urine,  cows'. 

URINACULUM,  Urachus,  Urinal. 

URINiE  PROFLUVIUM,  Diabetes  — u.  Sup- 
pressio.  Ischuria — u.  Stillicidium,  Strangury — u. 
Substillum,  Strangury. 

rU  IN  A I  RE,  Urinary. 

U'RINAL,  Uriiiato'viuni,  Chert) ih'iuvi,  U'raue, 
Ure'trin,  Uriiiac'n/uiii,  Vrodoelii' uui,  Urod'oche, 
Urodorhe'um,  Uratra'cium,  Jlatra'eiuiu,  J/at'uIn, 
J/atei'/a;   from  tirivn,  'urine.'     A  name  given, 

1.  To  certain  vessels,  used  to  pass  the  urine  into. 

2.  To  reservoirs,  of  different  shapes  and  charac- 
ter, which  are  adapted  to  the  penis,  in  cases  of 
incontinence  of  urine,  and  which  are  intended  to 
receive  the  urine  as  it  flows  ofi'. 

URINALIS,  Diuretic,  Urinary. 

URINARIA,  Antirhinum  linaria,  Leontodon 
taraxacum. 

U'RINARY,  Uriiia'rius,  Uriua'lis,  I'rino'suH, 
U'rieuK,  Uret'icus,  (F.)  Uriiiaire.  Same  etymon. 
That  which  relates  to  the  urine. 

UlilNAUY  Bladder,  Bladder,  Veni'ca  Urina'- 
ria,  CyKlis,  Unicyi'tis,  (F.)  Vensie.  A  musculo- 
membranous  reservoir,  intended  for  the  reception 
of  the  urine,  until  the  accumulation  of  a  certain 
quantity  solicits  its  excretion.  The  bladder  is 
situate  in  the  hypogastric  region,  between  the 
rectum  and  pubis  iu  man  :  iind  between  the  puijis 
and  vagina  in  the  female.  Its  ni)per  region  is 
not  covered,  except  by  the  peritoneum,  posteri- 
orly. From  its  centre  arises  the  urachuv.  Its 
lower  region  is  bounded,  anteriorly,  by  the  pros- 
tate, in  man;  and  rests  on  the  vesicula!  semi- 
nales  and  rectum.  In  the  female,  it  corresponds 
to  the  vagina.  The  lowest  jiortion  of  this  rejiion 
bears  the  name  Uas-fmnl.  The  anterior  surtiuo 
of  the  organ  is  not  covered  by  peritoneum.  It  is 
attached  to  the  symphysis  pubis  by  a  fibro-cel- 
lular  expansion  called  the  anterior  li(/niueut. 
The  poxterinr  !i(/ameuts  or  recto  resicat  Julds  — 
plictB  seiuiluuaren  —  are  duplicatures  of  the  peri- 
toneum on  its  posterior  surface,  which  extend 
from  this  surface  to  the  rectum  in  the  male,  ai.d 
to  the  uterus  in  the  fem;ile.  The  bladder  is  com- 
posed of  a  serous  membrane,  formed  by  the  peri- 


URINATION 


948 


URINE   CRUE 


toneum  :  —  of  a  muscular  membrane  ;  of  a  some- 
what thick  layer  of  areolar  tissue ;  and  is  lined 
on  its  inner  surface  by  a  mucous  membrane, 
•which  is  sometimes  raised  up,  hero  and  there, 
in  long  prominences  or  columns  by  the  muscular 
libres  beneath.  To  this  condition,  the  French 
anatouiii^ts  give  the  term — vessie  d  colonues.  In 
the  bun-fond  the  two  ureters  open,  and  the  urethra 
commences;  and  the  triangular  space,  which  the 
apertures  of  these  three  canals  leave  between 
tlieui,  is  called,  by  the  French,  the  Tn'(/one  vesi- 
c<d  or  Ve>iical  Ti-ianj/le,  Tiiijo'nus  seu  Trigo'nnm 
resi'ccB  seu  Lientdn'di,  Corpus  triyo'intin.  In  the 
orifice  of  the  urethra,  which  is  also  called  the 
neck  of  the  bladder,  there  is,  at  its  lower  part,  a 
more  or  less  prominent  tubercle,  whicli  is  formed 
by  the  anterior  angle  of  the  Tn'yone  venical,  and 
is  called  the  Veaiad  uvida,  U'vula  vesi'cce,  (F.) 
Luelte  veHieale. 

The  arteries  of  the  bladder  proceed  from  the 
hypogastric,  umbilical,  sciatic,  middle  hemor- 
rhoidal, and  internal  pudic.  Its  veins,  which  are 
more  numerous  than  the  arteries,  open  into  the 
hypogastric  venous  plexus.  Its  nerves  emanate 
from  the  sciatic  and  hypogastric  plexuses;  and 
its  lymphatic  vessels  pass  into  the  hypogastric 
ganglia. 

UiiiNAUY  Calcum.  The  calculi  which  form  in 
the  urinary  passages.     See  Calculi,  urinary. 

Urinary  Passages,  (F.)  Votes  urinaires.  The 
aggregate  of  c.inals  and  cavities  intended  to  con- 
tain the  urine  and  convey  it  externally.  These 
icaijs  are  composed  of  excretory  ducts,  which 
form  the  tubular  portion  of  the  Kidney  ;  of  cali- 
ces  ;  pelvis;  ureters;   bhidder;  and  urethra. 

URINATION,  Mieturition.  JM.  Beraud  elabo- 
rately defines  it — a  function,  the  result  of  which 
is  the  expulsion  of  matters  principally  solid,  but 
held  in  solution,  which  have  become  improper  for 
nutrition. 

UKINATORTUM,  Urinal. 

URINE,  Uii'ua,  ovpov,  V'l-on,  Ure'ma,  Lot'ium, 
Lot,  Lnpis  an' reus,  Oiiik-h'ma,  liecrenifu'ta  seu 
Jtetrimen'lii  vesi'cce,  Aijua  pedum.  Aqua,  (Old 
Eng.)  Stole,  Lee,  (Prov. )  Hern'n,  iVettiiii/,  Song. 
An  excrementitial  fluid;  secreted  by  the  cortical 
part  of  the  kidney;  filtered  through  the  tubular 
portion  ;  poured  i/uttatim  from  the  apices  of  the 
tubular  papillae  into  the  pelvis  of  the  kidney  ;  and 
transmitted  by  it  to  the  ureters;  which  convey  it 
slowly,  but  in  a  continuous  manner,  into  the  blad- 
der, where  it  remains  deposited,  until  its  accumu- 
lation excites  a  desire  to  void  it.  The  excretion 
of  the  fluid  takes  place  through  the  urethra;  and 
is  caused  by  the  action  of  the  abdominal  muscles 
and  diaphragm  and  the  contraction  of  the  fibrous 
coat  of  the  bladder.  Urine  is  transparent;  of  a 
citron-yellow  colour  ;  of  a  peculiar  odour,  and  of 
an  acid,  saline,  and  slightly  bitter  taste.  That 
■which  is  passed  some  time  after  taking  fluid,  is 
less  coloured,  and  less  odorous  and  dense  than 
that  which  is  voided  7  or  8  hours  after  eating. 
The  first  is  the  Uri'na  potds,  (F.)  Urine  de  In 
JSoisson,  Urine  of  drink  :  —  the  latter  Uri'nn 
san'<juinis,  (F.)  Urine  de  hi  digestion^  Urine  de 
hi  coctioii.  Urine  cnite,  dieted  urine,  Urine  of  di- 
gestion. Three  distinct  varieties  of  urine  may, 
according  to  Dr.  Golding  Bird,  be  recognised  : 
First.  That  passed  some  little  time  after  drinking 
freely  of  fluids,  which  is  generally  pale,  and  of 
low  specific  gravity  — 1.003  to  1.009 — -Urina  po- 
tils.  Secondly.  That  secreted  after  the  digestion 
of  a  full  meal ;  s.  g.  1.020  to  1.028.  or  even  l.O.SO 
—  Urino  chi/li  sea  cibi.  Thirdly.  That  secreted 
independently  of  the  immediate  stimulus  of  food 
and  drink,  as  after  a  night's  rest,  which  is  usu- 
ally of  average  density — 1.015  to  1.025,  and  pre- 
sents the  essential  characters  of  urine — Urina 
aunijuiuia. 


The  following  are  the  ordinary  constituents  of 
healthy  human  urine: — urea,  uric  acid,  [liippurio 
acid;]  extractive  matters,  embracing  alcohol  ex- 
tract, spirit  extract,  and  water  extract,  with  iheir 
respective  constituents;  mucus;  brown  colouring 
matter  of  the  urine,  (haemaphffiin  ;)  red  colouring 
matter  of  the  urine,  (uroerythrin  ;)  carbonic,  lac- 
tic, hydrochloric,  suli)huric,  phosphoric,  silicic, 
and  hydrofluoric  acids;  soda;  potassii  ;  ammo- 
nia; lime;  magnesia;  and  peroxide  of  iron.  The 
proportion  of  solid  matters  in  1000  parts  of  urine 
may  vary  from  20  to  70.  The  following  talilo 
expresses  the  relative  amounts  of  the  dillereiit 
components  in  every  100  parts  of  the  solid  mat- 
ter, according  to  the  analysis  of  diU'ercnt  ob- 
servers : 


Urea, 
Uric  Acid, 
Extractive  matter. 


rzelius.     Lthmann.    Simfm.  M-irclrand. 

4.5.10        49.08         33.S0        4S.yl 

1.50  l.Gl  1.40  1.&9 


Ammonia,  i^alts   I     „p  3^        28.95        42.C0        32.49 
and   Chlonue  ot 


Soilium, 

Alkiilinu  Sulrhatcs;     10.30        11.58  8.14        10.18 

Alkaline  I'liosphntes,     C.88  5.96  6.50  4.57 

I'hospluitcs  of  lime  j     j  ^g  j  97  j  59  j  g^ 

and  magnesia,        ) 

Its  average  specific  gravity  is  about  1.015.  The 
quantity  passed  by  the  adult  in  the  24  hours  va- 
ries.' On  the  average  it  may  amount  to  two 
pounds  and  a  half.  Sometimes,  the  urine,  in 
health  and  disease,  exhibits  appearances  tluit 
have  received  special  names.  Thus,  that  which 
is  characterized  by  a  deficiency  of  solid  matters 
generally,  has  been  called //^(/cn'c/n,  ('ur^wp,  'wa- 
ter;') by  a  deficiency  of  urea,  Annzolu' ria,  {av, 
privative,  and  azote;)  by  a  superabundance  of 
urea,  Azotu'ria.  Urine  in  which  the  dc))osit 
consists  of  lithic  acid,  and  the  lithates,  has  been 
termed  Lithu'riu  ;  and  that  in  which  the  dejiosit 
consists  of  the  earthy  and  earthy-alkaline  jilios- 
phates,  fhosjiliu'ria  Ceramu'ria,  {xcfjiipoi,  'potters 
earth,')  &e.  Ac.  At  times,  a  pellicle  forms  on  the 
surface  {Urenior  urina;)  which  consists  of  mucus 
and  some  salts  :  at  others,  there  is  a  cloud,  (Nu- 
hec'ulo,  nnhes,)  towards  its  upper  part,  which  is 
called  EncBore'vKi  when  it  is  suspended,  as  it 
were,  about  the  middle  of  the  liquid.  Occasion- 
ally, there  is  a  sediment,  to  which  the  names  Ily- 
pos'tnsis,  Sedimen'tum,  &c.,  have  been  given.  (See 
these  various  words.)  The  urine  is  often  deserv- 
ing of  attention  in  disease;  but  it  has  been  con- 
sidered a  matter  of  more  importance  than  it  me- 
rits. Some  empirics  have  presumed  to  jironounce 
on  the  nature  of  disease  by  simply  inspecting  it. 
See  Uroscojiy. 

Human  urine  was,  at  one  time,  considered  ape- 
rient; and  was  given  in  jaundice,  in  the  dose  of 
one  or  two  ounces.  Cows'  urine,  Urina  Vacva:, 
All/lower  water,  was  once  used,  warm  from  the 
cow,  as  a  purge,  in  the  dose  of  Oss. 

Urine  has  been  variously  designated  by  pa- 
thologists, according  to  its  appearance,  <fcc.,  for 
example  :  — 

Urine,  AxyE'.iiiC,  Uri'nn  nnep.'mica.  A  term 
used,  but  not  felicitously,  for  the  form  of  urine 
that  occurs  in  ana-mia,  chlorosis,  &c. — Becqucrcl. 

URINE  ARDENTE.Ardentunnc—u.  liloody, 
Haematuria  —  u.  de  la  Boisson,  Urine,  hysterical, 
see  Urine — ".  DriquetS,  see  Lateritious — «.  de  la 
Coction,  see  Urine. 

Urine,  Cuin)E,  (F.)  Urine  erne.  Urine  that  is 
thin,  transparent,  and  but  little  coloured,  aflbrd- 
ing  neither  cloud  nor  deposite. 

URIXE  CRUE,  Urine,  crude  — n.  Cuile,  see 
Urine. 

Urine,  Cystin'ic,  Cylinn'ria.  Urine  contain- 
'ing  cystine  or  cystic  oxide  in  solution,  or  us  a 
deposite. 


URIXE  DE  LA  DIGEHTION  94  9 


UROGENITAL 


UniNK,  DiAlJKT'ic,  Ihi'na  d!nhe'l!ca.  Urine 
passed  in  DiabelPH  mellilim,  Mdlln'rht.  It  con- 
tains a  liii-KO  (|iiiintity  of  sufrar  aniilotrous  to  that 
of  the  grape,  which  may  he  separated  in  the  form 
of  crystals.  In  otlier  respects,  the  urine  is  very 
ahundant  and  very  limpid  in  that  affection. 

UIUXK  DE  LA  DIGESTION,  see  Urine. 

UiiiNK,  Ditop'siCAL,  is  an  ammoniacal  urine, 
often  containing  much  albumen  and  scarcely  any 
urea. 

UiUNK,  Dvspi:i''tic,  has  been  found  to  precipi- 
tate tannin  ahundaiitly,  and  to  soon  putrefy. 

URINE  El'AISSK,  Urine,  mucilaginous. 

UitlNK,  Fkhiulu,  Uri'im  ffbri'lin.  Urine  dis- 
chari5c<l  in  inHaniuiation  and  infiaiiitnatory  fever. 

Uiii.VK,  Fii.AMKNTOdS,  See  Fihiincntous. 

UruNE,  Fi.oc'ci'MCNT,  (F.)  I'liiie  J/oconnenae, 
is  when  the  fluid  is  troubled  by  flocculi,  suspend- 
ed in  it. 

UitiNK,  FuRFiinA'cEOi'S,  see  Furfuraceou.s — n. 
Flocniiiieioie,  Urine,  flocculent  —  u.  dee  Uoutteux, 
Urine,  gouty. 

Uhini;,  (Joiitv,  (F.)  Urine  des  rjovtteux,  con- 
tains ninch  iihosphate  of  lime,  and,  after  severe 
attacks  of  gout,  precipitates  a  mixture  of  the  uric 
and  rosacic  acids. 

UlifNE  HUILEUSE,  Urine,  oily. 

Uhinu,  IIvster'ical,  is  clear,  colourless,  and 
similar  to  the  Urine  de  la  BoIkhoii. 

UiusE,  Ioteii'k'AL,  contains  bile. 

UiiiNE,  iNcoNrr.NENCE  OF,  Enuresis. 

Uiu.NE  OF  Inpi.am'matory  DISEASES.  This 
i.«,  generally,  small  in  quantity,  and  very  high- 
coloured. 

UitiNE,  Involuntary  Discharge  of.  Enuresis. 

UlUNlo,  .Jiimkn'toiis,  Uri'iiit  jnme)it<t's<i  scu  jn- 
meiitd'rin,  (F.)  Urine  Jiiiiieiiteime.  A  term  used, 
by  the  French,  for  aintnoniacal  urine,  rendered 
turbid  by  a  substance  similar  to  small  grains  of 
(lust,  which  causes  it  to  resemble  the  urine  of 
herbivorous  animals. 

UlifN/'J  LACTESCENTE,  U.  milky— u.  Lai- 
teiiie.  Urine,  milky. 

UiUNE.  Mll,KY,  (F.)  Urine  lactescente  ou  lai- 
teitse.     White  and  troubled  urine. 

UntNK,  MtU'lLAG"lNOl'S,  (F.)  Urine  (paisne. 
Urine  containing  much  mucus. 

Urine,  Nervous.  Thin  and  very  liquid  urine  ; 
such  as  is  passed  shortly  after  the  attack  of  ner- 
vous diseases. 

Urine  of  Nervous  Fevers  is  generally  ver3' 
thin;  and  often  deposits  a  mixture  of  uric  and 
rosacic  acids. 

Urine,  Oily,  (F.)  Urine  hnileiif:e,\s  that  which 
pours  like  oil,  or  which  has  an  oily  pellicle  at  its 
surface. 

Urine,  Oxal'io,  Ox<da'ria.  Urine  containing 
a  salt  of  the  oxalic  acid. 

Urine,  Piiosphorrs'cknt.  P/ionpJioru'rif(,Pli(>s- 
phu'riu.  Urine  which  is  luminous  or  phospho- 
rescent. 

Urine,  Purpuric,  see  Porphyruria. 

Urine,  Rick'ety,  contains  much  phosphate  of 
lime. 

Urine,  Sandy,  Aretiosa  urina — u.  Stoppage  of, 
Ischuria — ».   Thine,  Urine,  thin. 

Urine,  Thin,  (F.)  Urine  tenue.  Urine  that  is 
transparent,  slightly  coloured,  and  but  little 
dense. 

Uh'fNEUX,  Urinous. 

URINIF'KROUS,  Urini/er,  (F.)  Urinifire, 
from  ovp'iv.  'urine,'  and  fero,  'I  carry.'  That 
which  carries  urine. 

Urinifkhous  Substance  of  the  Kidney,  sec 
Kidney. 

URiNiF'ERona   Tubes  or  Ditcts  op  Belli'ni, 

Tn'hnli    seu    dnc'lnn    iirini/'eri    Belli'ni.     Tn'hnii 
JSelli'ni  scu  recti,  liellinia'ni  Ductus,  Iiellinia'n(B 


Fii'tnlcB.  The  collection  of  small  tubes,  con- 
verging from  the  cortical  part  of  the  kidney  to 
the  apices  of  the  papilhe.  The  tortuous  urinife- 
rous  ducts  are  called  Tubes  of  Ferrein,  Ta'lnli 
contt/r'ti  seu  Ferrel'nii. 

URINIF'AROUS,  (F.)  Uriuipare,  from  urinci, 
'urine,'  and  purere,  '  to  produce.'  An  epithet  for 
tubes  in  the  cortical  portion  of  the  kidney,  which 
prepare  the  urine. 

URINODES,  Urinous. 

URINOM'ETER,  from  ovpov,  'urine,'  and  nt- 
Tpov,  '  measure.'  A  small  hy- 
drometer for  taking  the  s[iecific 
gravity  of  urine.  The  urino- 
tneter  suggested  by  Dr.  Prout 
is  divided  into  60  degrees,  the 
zero  being  the  point  at  which  it 
floats  in  distilled  water.  The 
numbers  on  the  scale  added  to 
1000,  the  specific  gravity  of 
water,  give  the  particular  spe- 
cific gravity :  thus,  supposing 
the  number  cut  by  the  surface 
of  the  li(iuid  to  be  ^0,  it  would 
indicate  a  s.  g.  of  1.030.  The 
letters  II.  S.  on  the  back  of  the 
scale  mean  "healthy  standard," 
which  ranges  from  10°  to  20°. 

U'RINOUS,  Urino'xns.  Uri- 
no'dex,  (F.)  Urineu.v.  Having 
the  character  of  urine.  Similar 
to  urine.  ~ 

UROCE'LE,    (Ede'mri    scroti        Urinometer. 
nrino'Kum,     Uronclieoce'le,      Os- 
clicoce'le   urina'lis,   from  ovpov,  and  xriXri,   'a  rup- 
ture.'    A  tumour  of  the  scrotum,  owing  to  the 
effusion  of  urine  into  the  same,  and  into  the  areo- 
lar tissue. 

UROCIIES'IA,  Urochez'ia,  from  ovpoi;  and 
Xe^i^f,  'to  go  to  stool.'  A  discharge  of  urine  by 
the  bowels. 

UROCRASTA,  Enuresis. 

ITROCRIS'IA.  from  ovpov,  and  Kpivto,  '  I  judge.' 
Urocrile'rion.  A  judgment  formed  either  of  the 
urine,  or  of  disease  after  inspecting  the  urine. 

UROCRITERION,  Urocrisia. 

UROCYSTIS,  Urinary  bladder. 

UROCYSTITIS.  Cystitis. 

UROCYSTOCATARRIIUS,  Cystirrhoea. 

URODIAL'YSIS,  from  ov^ov,  and  iia>vai;. 
'dissolution,  loss  of  strength.'  A  partial  and 
temporary  suspension  of  the  function  of  the  kid- 
ney, such  as  occurs  in  the  course  of  most  acute 
diseases.  A  condition  of  the  function  of  the 
kidney  and  of  the  urine,  similar  to  that  observed 
in  acute  diseases,  but  without  local  mischief  or 
preceding  inflammatory  fever,  has  been  termed, 
when  occurring  in  children,  Urodi(d\i/sii)  Ne- 
onoto'rnm ;  in  the  aged,  Urudiulynis  Senum. — 
Schonlein. 

URODOCHIUM,  Urinal.   ■ 

URODYN'IA,  from  ovpuv,  and  o^wri,  'pain.' 
Pain  during  the  excretion  of  the  urine. 

URCEDEMA,  Urapostema. 

UROF.RYTIIRIN,  see  Porphyruria. 

UROGEN'ITAL,  Uroijciiitii'lii,  Gcn'ito-u'ri- 
nary,  Gen'ito-urimt' rins.  Relating  or  appertain- 
ing to  the  urinary  and  genital  apparatus — as  the 
'urogenital  organs' — Or'ynna  urtii/enila'lia. 

Urogenital  Sinus,  iSinuH  uro-f/enitd'lis.  A 
cavity  or  canal  in  the  embryo  of  the  mammalia 
opening  externally,  in  which  the  excret()ry  ducts 
of  the  Wolffian  bodies,  the  ureters  and  the  eff'e- 
rent  parts  of  the  generative  apparatus,  terminate 
internally.  It  is  prolonged  into  the  urachus. 
Subsequently  it  becomes  separated  by  a  process 
of  division  into  a  pom  urina' rio  and  a  pars  ge- 
uitn'liH.  The  former,  exten<ling  towards  the  ura- 
chus,   is    converted    into    the    urinary    bladder; 


UROLITHI 


95  0 


UTERINE 


whilst  from  the  latter  are  formed   the  vesi'ciilce 
aemhialeK  in  the  male,  and  the  middle  portion  of 
the  uterus  in  the  female. — J.  Miiller. 
UROLITHI,  Calculi,  urinary. 
UKOLITllIASIS,  Lithia. 
UR0LIT1I0L0G"IA,    from    ovpov,    X.Ooc,    'a 
stone,' and  Xoyoi,  '  a  description.'     A  description 
of  urinary  calculi. 

UROLITHOTOMIA,  Lithotomy. 
UROLOCJY,  Uronology. 

UROM.ANTI'A,  from  ovpov,  and  fiavrua,  'di- 
vination.' The  art  of  divining  diseases  by  sim- 
ple inspection  of  the  urine ;  Uruico'pia.  Une 
professing  to  be  able  to  do  this  is  called  Ui-oman'- 
tes.     Vulgarly,  a  water-doctor,  water-caster. 

UROM'ELES,  (F.)  Uromele,  from  oupa,  'a 
tail,'  and  ^tAus,  'a  limb.'  A  genus  of  monsters  in 
■which  the  two  lower  limbs  are  united,  very  in- 
complete, and  terminated  by  a  single  foot,  which 
is  almost  always  imperfect,  and  the  sole  of  which 
is  turned  forwards.  —  I.  G.  St.  Hilaire. 

UROiMPH'ALUS,  Her'nia   U'rttchi.     A  mon- 
strosity, which  consists  in  the  protrusion  of  the 
urachus  at  the  umbilicus. 
ITRON,  Urine. 

URON'CUS,  from  ovfiov,  and  oyK,,.,  'a  swell- 
ing.'    A  uriniirv  swelling. 

UKONOL'OtiY,  Uroiiolof/'ia,  Urol'ogy,  Uro- 
lng"ia,  from  ovoov,  and  Aoyos,  'a  description.' 
The  part  of  medicine  which  treats  of  the  urine. 
UROPIITIIISIS,  Diabetes  mellitus. 
UROPLA'NIA,  from  ovpov.  and  nXavri,  'wan- 
dering.' The  presence  of  urine  in  other  parts 
than  the  urinary  organs. 

UROPOE'SIS,     Uropine'siK,    from    ovpov,    and 
TTouu,  '  I  make.'    Secre'tio  nri'na  seu  lo'tii.    The 
secretion  of  urine  by  the  kidney. 
UROPOIESIS,  Uropoesis. 
UROPYGION.  Coccyx. 
UROPYGIUM,   Croupion. 
URORUODINE,  see  Porphyruria. 
UR0RR1IA(JIA.  Diabetes. 
URORRIICEA,  Enuresis,  Diabetes. 
UROSCIIEOCELE,  Urocele. 
UROSCOPIA,  see  Uromantia. 
URO'SES,  from  ovpov,  'urine.'    Diseases  of  the 
■urinary  organs. —  Alibert. 

ITROS'TBALITII,  Urostenl'ithos,  from  ovpov, 
artap,  'suet,'  and  X(9oj,  'stone.'  A  peculiar  fatty 
ingredient  of  urinary  calculi,  discovered  by 
Heller. 

UROSTENOSIS,  Urethrostenosis. 
URDUS  ACID,  Uric  o.xide. 
UROZEMIA,  Diabetes— u.  Albuminosa,  Kid- 
ney, Bright's  disease  of  the — u.  Mellita,  Diabetes 
mellitus. 

URRHODINE,  see  Porphyruria. 
URROSACINE,  see  Porphyruria. 
URTI'CA,  U.  Dioi'cu  seu  major  seu  his'pi'da, 
Pi/r'elhriii>i,A<l'i<e,Common  sti»{/in;/  nettle,  (Prov.) 
little,  (F.)  Ortle.  Ord.  Urticace'ae.  Sex.  Si/st. 
Monoecia  Tetrandria.  This  plant  has  been  long 
used  for  medical  and  culinary  purposes.  The 
young  shoots,  in  the  spring,  are  considered  to 
possess  diuretic  and  antiscorbutic  properties.  The 
pain  produced  by  its  sting  is  well  known,  but  it 
is  not  to  be  compared  to  the  torture  occasioned 
by  Urtica  stlm'iilitiix.  and  U.  creniiln'ta  of  India  ; 
and,  still  less,  to  Urtica  nreiitins'imn  of  Timor, 
which  is  called  by  the  natives  Daoun  Setan, 
'Devil's  leaf,'  on  account  of  the  persistence  and 
severity  of  the  pain. 

UnTiCA  Baleaiuca,  U.  pilulifera  —  u.  Crenu- 
lata.  see  Urtica  —  u.  Dioica,  Urtica  —  u.  Ilispida, 
Urtica — u.  Iners  magna  foetidissima,  Galeopsis — 
u.  Major,  U.  dioica — u.  Minor,  U.  urens — u.  Mor- 
tua.  Lamiuni  album. 

UuTICA  Pilulik'erA,  U.  Plliilo'sa  scu  Rnmn'nn 
Beu   Buka'rica,   Pill-bearing   Nettle,   (F.)    Ortie 


liontnine.     The  seed  was  formerly  given   in   dis- 
eases of  the  clicst. 

Uhtica  PiLiJLosA,  U.  pilulifera  —  u.  Romnnn, 
U.  pilulifera  —  u.  Stimulans,  see  Urtica. 

Uhtica  Uuk.\s,  U.  minor,  Bivarf  nettle,  (F.) 
Ortie  hrnlaiite.  A  lesser  variety  of  the  nettle, 
possessing  similar  virtues. 

UiiTiCA  UuKNTissiMA,  see  ITrtica. 
Nettles  have  been  used  as  stimulants  to  para- 
lytic limbs. 

URTlCArRE,  Urticaria. 

URTICA'RIA,  from  wticn,  'a  nettle,'  (nro,  >  I 
burn  ;')  Ennnthe'sis  vrtica'ria,  Vre'do,  Scarht- 
ti'na  seu  Fehrix  seu  Purpura  vrtica'ta,  Vnido'- 
sis,  Urtica'ria  porcel'lana,  Mxunthe'ma  tirtica'. 
turn,  Epinyc'tis  prurigino'sa,  Fehris  rubra  jiruri- 
gino'sa,  Saltans  rosa,  (F.)  Urticaire,  Fiivre 
Ortie,  Porcelaine,  Nettle-rash,  Nettle-springe  ; 
vulgarly  Hires,  Bold  Hires;  from  urtica,  'a  net- 
tle,' because  the  eruption  resembles  that  proiliiced 
by  the  stings  of  a  nettle.  A  disease  disliiiguislied 
by  those  elevations  of  the  cuticle  called  wheats. 
They  have  a  white  top,  and  are  often  surrounded 
by  a  diffuse  redness.  They  e-xcite  intolerable 
itching,  especially  when  the  person  is  warm  in 
bed.  The  eruption  frequently  goes  and  comes 
once  or  more  in  the  24  hours,  and  is  generally 
dependent  upon  gastric  derangement.  In  some 
people,  nettle-rash  is  induced  by  shell-fish,  eggs, 
nuts,  <fec.  It  is  not  usually  a  disease  of  any  con- 
sequence, and  its  treatment  is  limited  to  the  use 
of  absorbent  la.xatives,  and  simple  general  means. 
Willan  has  described  six  varieties  of  the  com- 
plaint:—  Urtica'rin  fcbri'lis,  U.  evan'ida,  U. 
perstans,  U.  confer'ia,  U.  subeuta'nea,  and  (/. 
tubero'sa. 

Urticaria  Poroellana,  Essera,  Urticaria. 
URTICA'TIO,  Cnido'sis,  Urtica' tion,  from  »)•- 
tica,    'a   nettle.'      A    sort   of   flagellation,    with 
nettles; — used  with  the  intention  of  exciting  the 
skin. 

URUCU,  Terra  Orleana. 
URYLIC  ACID,  Uric  acid. 
USNEA,  Lichen   saxatilis  —  u.  Florida  hirta, 
Lichen  plicatus — ^  u.  Hirta,  Lichen  plicatus  —  u. 
Plicata,  Lichen  plicatus. 

USSACU,  Hura  Brasiliensis. 
USTILAGO,  Ergot. 
USTIO,  Burn,  Ustion. 

USTION,  Us'tio,  Causis,  from  iircre,  ■ustnm,  'to 
burn.'  The  act  of  burning  or  of  applying  the 
actual  cautery.  Also,  the  etfect  of  cauterization  ; 
a  burn. 

USTULA'TIO,  Ustula'tion.    Same  etymon.    A 
pharmaceutical  operation  by  which  a  substance 
is  dried  by  heat.     It  is  often   restricted   to  the 
roasting  of  ores  to  drive  olf  the  volatile  matters, 
as  in  tlie  case  of  arsenic. 
USUALIA,  OfBcinals. 
USUS,  Habit. 
UTER,  Uterus. 

UTERI  ADSCENSUS,  Hysteria— u.  Antevcr- 
sio,  Ilysteroloxia  anterior — u.  Carcinoma,  Metro- 
carcinoma —  u.  Convulsivus  morbus,  Lorind  ma- 
tricis  —  u.  Cory/.a,  Leucorrhoea  —  u.  Exulceratio, 
Hysterelcosis— u.  Flexio,  Ilysteroloxia — u.  Incli- 
natio,  Hysteroloxia— u.  Obliquitas,  Ilysteroloxia 
—  u.  Pronatio,  Hysteroloxia  anterior  —  u.  Pruri- 
tus, Nymphomania  —  u.  Reflexio  completa,  Hys- 
teroloxia posterior — u.  Retroversio,  Ilysteroloxia 
posterior  —  u.  Rheuma,  Leucorrhoea  —  u.  Ulcus, 
Hysterelcosis  —  u.  Versio  incompleta,  Hystero- 
loxia. 

U'TERTNE,C7»'ri'Hi(»,  from  uterus,  'the  womb.' 
That  which  belongs  or  relates  to  the  womb. 

UteHINE  AltTElty,  Arte'ria  uteri'na  h>/}X>gas'. 
tn'cn.  Its  size  is  always  in  a  ratio  with  the 
greater  or  less  state  of  development  of  the  uterus. 
It  arises  from  the  hypogastric,  either  separately 


UTERINUS    FR.\TER 


951 


UTRICULUS 


or  with  tlie  umhilicivl,  or  from  the  internal  pudic  ; 
pusses  upon  the  lateral  parts  of  the  vagina,  to 
which  it  f^ives  branches;  and  afterwards  ascends 
on  the  sides  of  the  uterus,  and  divides  into  a  con- 
Fideral)lo  number  of  very  tortuous  branches, 
wliich  enter  the  tissue  of  the  orf;an. 

Utkiu.nk  Bougik,  Sound,  uterine. 

Utichinf.;  Buothkk.  One  born  of  the  same 
mother,  l)ut  of  a  ditlerent  father. 

Utioiunb  (iLANns,  Utrifuhir  glands. 

Utkuisk  Muscle  op  RnysoH  consists  of  some 
fleshy  lil)res  at  the  fundus  of  the  uterus,  which 
he  regarded  as  forming  a  particular  muscle. 

Utkuink  Sound,  Sound,  uterine. 

UTEIU'NUS  PRATER.  In  law,  a  brother 
bv  the  mother's  side. 

"UTiaiO-ABDOMINAL  SUPPORTER,  see 
Bi'it,  Russian. 

UTKRO-C;  ESTATION,  Pregnancy. 

UT  K  RO  M  AN  I  A,  Xy  m  phomania. 

U'TERUS,  ov&ap,  Uicr,  Utrlc'idii8,  Vulva,  Loci, 
L.  mulie'breH,  Viihut,  Venter,  Cuncpptac' ultim.  Ma- 
trix, Arvinii  seu  Aijer  iiatn'ro!,  Hjju'tera.  Sle.tra, 
Stern,  Aii'i/iin,  Delpln/n,  Alvus,  Epnmpha'lir/ii, 
G(i»ler,  Mater,  Nedi/n,  Pontreiiia,  the  Woiiih,  (Se.) 
Wectm,  (Prov.)  Wem,  (¥.)  Matrice,  Seiii.  The 
Uterus,  destined  to  lodge  the  foetus  from  the  com- 
mencement of  conception  till  birth,  is  a  hollow 
symmetrical  organ,  having  the  shape  of  a  trun- 
cated conoid:  it  is  situate  in  the  pelvis,  between 
the  bladder  and  the  rectum,  above  the  vagina, 
and  below  the  convolutions  of  the  small  intestine. 
The  uterus  is  flattened  from  before  to  behind,  and 
is  nearly  an  inch  in  thickness.  It  is  two  inches 
broad  at  its  highest  part,  and  becomes  narrower 
towards  the  vagina;  terminating  in  a  contracted 
portion,  called  the  cerrix  or  jipcA",  to  distinguish 
it  from  the  rest  of  the  organ,  called  the  body. 
From  its  fniidun  or  upper  portion,  tlie  Fallopian 
tubes  pass  off.  The  mouth  is  called  Os  U'teri, 
Os  Tiitcee,  Os  u'teri  extcrn'uin,  Orific" ium  vatfi- 
nn'le.  At  the  point  where  the  body  of  the  uterus 
is  continuous,  below,  with  the  neck,  the  cavity  is 
slightly  constricted,  forming  what  is  sometimes 
nameil  the  internal  orifice,  On  u'teri  intern'inn,  Os 
intern' inn ,  hthnius  seu  on'tiiim  u'teri,  Orific"ium 
uterinum.  Between  these  is  the  Cana'lis  cervl'cis. 
The  cavity  of  the  uterus  is  very  small,  and  its 
parietes  are  thick.  The  portion  of  the  cavity  cor- 
responding with  the  body  is  triangular  and  flat- 
tened. Its  superior  angles  present  the  extremely 
fine  oritices  of  the  Fallopian  tubes.  The  cavity 
of  the  neck  is  slightly  dilated  before  opening  into 
the  vagina.  The  uterus  is  composed,  1.  Of  a 
serous  memhrane.  This  is  external,  and  furnished 
by  the  peritoneum  ;  which  is  reflected  upon  the 
uterus  from  the  posterior  surface  of  the  bladder 
and  the  anterior  surface  of  the  rectum.  These 
folds  of  the  peritoneum  are  sometimes  called,  re- 
spectively, the  anterior  and  the  posterior  liga- 
ments. The  former  are  also  named  the  vesico- 
uterine and  the  latter  the  recto-uterine  folds  or 
plicm  seinilimn'res.  It  forms,  also,  the  broad 
ligaments  of  the  uterus,  Liijamen'ta  lata,  Ala  ves- 
2^ertilio'nis,  Ite'tia  U'teri.  These  contain,  above, 
the  Fallopian  tube;  beneath  and  anteriorly,  the 
round  ligaments  ;  and,  behind,  the  ovary.  They 
are  two  membranous  productions  or  duplicatures 
of  the  peritoneum,  sent  from  the  edges  of  the 
uterus  and  posterior  extremity  of  the  vagina,  in 
a  transverse  direction,  to  be  fixed  to,  and  line, 
the  side  of  the  pelvis.  2.  Of  a  mucous  membrane, 
which  is  a  prolongation  of  that  of  the  vagina,  and 
extends  into  the  tubes.  3.  Of  a  proper  tissue, 
whose  thickness  is  considerable.  It  is  of  a  close 
texture:  is  grayish  and  elastic:  and  resists  the 
instrument  that  divides  it.  Its  intimate  nature 
is  but  little  known.  During  gestation  it  is  truly 
muscular.     The   arteries  of  the   uterus   proceed 


from  the  spermatic  and  hypogastric.  Its  veins 
follow  the  same  course,  and  bear  the  same  name 
as  the  arteries.  They  are  very  tortuous,  and 
form  large  sinuses  in  the  parietes  of  the  organ, 
called  U'terine  Si'nuses.  Its  nerves  proceed  from 
the  sciatic  and  hypogastric  plexuses.  Its  lym- 
phatic vessels  are  very  muliiplied ;  and  during 
pregnancy  acquire  enormous  dimensions.  The 
changes  experienced  by  the  uterus  during  gesta- 
tion, and  after  delivery,  are  very  numerous  and 
important  to  be  known.  They  regard  its  situa- 
tion, direction,  size,  shape,  texture,  connexions, 
vital  properties,  <fec. 

Uterus,  Abdomen  —  u.  Anteversion  of  the, 
Ilysteroloxia  anterior. 

Utbrus  Bif'idus.  A  double  uterus.  One  se- 
parated into  two  cavities. 

Utehus  Duplex,  Dihysteria  —  u.  Hour-glass 
contraction  of  the,  Chaton — u.  Inelinatus,  Ilyster- 
oloxia. 

Uterus,  Ir'ritable,  JN^euro^V/i'a  of  the  Uterus. 
A  disease  characterized  by  deep-seated  pain  in 
the  lower  part  of  the  abdomen,  and  in  the  back 
and  loins  ;  generally  diminished  by  lying  down, 
and  increased  by  exercise,  and  more  severe  for  a 
few  days  preceding  and  during  menstruation. 
On  examination  2"'''  vaf/i}iam,  the  uterus  is  found 
to  be  tender  on  pressure,  Metryj}er<Bsthe'sis ;  and 
the  cervix  and  body  slightly  swollen,  but  not 
usually  indurated.  It  is  an  obstinate  afi'ection, 
but  frequently  ends  of  itself  after  j-ears  of  suffer- 
ing. The  treatment  must  be,  —  the  horizontal 
posture;  local  blood-letting  to  the  uterus  ;  emol- 
lients: soothing  injections;  narcotics,  warm  bath, 
<&c.     See  Ilysteralgia. 

Uterus,  Invei!Sion  op  the,  Inver'sio  U'teri, 
Metranas'troplie,  ^Edopto'sis  Uteri  inver'sa,  (F.) 
Inrersion  ou  Renversement  de  la  3/atrice,  The 
uterus,  displaced  and  turned  inside  out.  This 
can  only  happen  through  want  of  caution  on  the 
part  of  the  medical  practitioner.  It  is  a  fatal 
accident,  unless  speedily  reduced.  This  must  be 
done  by  gradually  returning  the  superior  part,  by 
grasping  it  with  the  hand,  and  making  the  rest 
follow. 

Uterus  Masoulinus,  see  Ejaculatory  ducts  — 
u.  Obliquus,  Hysteroloxia — u.  Retroversion  of 
the,  Hystercdoxia  posterior. 

Uterus,  Rupture  op  the,  Ifetrorrhcx'is,  Hys- 
terorrhex'is,  Riiptu'ra  seu  Perfora'lio  Uteri,  La- 
ceration of  the  Womb,  (F.)  Ru^Aure  ou  Dechirura 
de  la  Matriee.  This  dreadful  accident  occurs 
during  labour,  and  is  known  to  have  taken  place, 
when  the  child's  head  suddenly  recedes  during  a 
pain,  with  vomiting,  sinking  of  the  pulse,  cold 
sweats,  <fcc.  When  it  is  evident  that  this  has  oc- 
curred, the  hand  must  be  passed  into  the  uterus, 
and  the  feet  of  the  child  be  brought  down. 

Cases  are  on  record,  in  which  partial  lacera- 
tions of  the  uterus  have  healed,  and  the  patient 
has  done  well.  This  is  a  rare  event,  and  not  to 
be  anticipated. 

UTRICLE,  see  Semicircular  canals. 
U'tuiCLE,  PRlMOR'niAL,  Utric'ulus  primordin'- 
lis.  A  delicate  membrane,  of  protein  composi- 
tion, which  lines  the  cell  wall  of  vegetable  struc- 
tures, and  from  the  exterior  of  which  the  layer 
of  cellulose  is  secreted. 

UTRICULAR,  Utricula'ris;  from  vtricdus, 
(diminutive  of  uter,  iitris.)  'a  small  bag  or  bot- 
tle.' Relating  to  or  resembling  a  small  bag  or 
bottle. 

Utricular  Glands,  Glan'dnlce  utrieula'res 
seu  uteri'ncB.  The  glands  or  follicles  in  the  inte- 
rior of  the  uterus,  which  are  concerned*  in  the 
formation  of  the  decidua. 

UTRICULUS,  see  Ejaculatory  ducts,  Uterus— 

u.  Communis,  see  Semicircular  canals — u.  L.ic- 

i  teus,  Receptaculum  chyli — u.  Primordialis,  Utri- 


UVA 


952 


VACCINA 


cle,  primordial  —  u.  Prostaticus,  see  Ejaculatory 
ducts. 

UVA,  Uvula,  see  Yitis  vinifera  —  u.  Inversa, 
Paris — u.  Lupiiia,  Paris — u.  Passu,  see  Vitis  vini- 
fera— u.  Ursi,  see  Arbutus  uva  ursi — u.  Vulpina, 
Paris. 

Uv.u  CoRiNTiiiAC.«,  see  Vitis  Corinthiaca. 

Uv/E  Pass.k,  lihages,  Dried  Grapes,  liaisins, 
see  Vitis  vinifera. 

Uv.E  Pass.*:  Majores,  see  Vitis  vinifera  —  u. 
Passaj  niinores,  see  Vitis  Corinthiaca  —  u.  Passae 
sole  siec-atse,  see  Vitis  vinifera. 

UVAKIA  TRILOBA,  sec  Carica  papaya. 

UVATIO,  Ceratocele,  Staphyloma. 

U'VE.-^,  from  iivn,  'an  unripe  gra()e.'  Tii'in'ca 
acinii'na  seu  aciiii/or'iiiis  seu  iivn'lis  seu  «c/)(«7/» 
seu  uvifiir'niis  seu  rhnyindeK  seu  uvea  seu  jjer/'w- 
ra'ln,  Jleiiibraiin  uvea,  Rhtiyoi'tha,  Jiliux,  (F.) 
Ucee.  Some  anatomists  have  given  this  name  to 
the  choroid  coat  of  the  eye;  others,  to  the  poste- 
rior laj'er  of  the  iris,  on  account  of  the  black  and 
very  tiiiek  varnish  that  covers  it.     See  Iris. 

Uvka.  CoMMissuiiB  OF  THE,  Ciliary  ligament. 

UVEE.  Uvea. 

UVEl'TIS;  a  vpord  of  hybrid  formation;  from 
nvea,  'the  uvea,'  and  itis,  denoting  inflamma- 
tion ;  properly,  RhtiyodeVtis.  Inflammation  of 
the  uvea.     See  Iritis. 

UVKiENA,  Uvula. 

UVIGEHA,  Uvula. 

U'VULA,  diminutive  of  ?/rrf,  'a  grape.'  Pin- 
vic' nlnm  for'tiich  giiltiira'lis,  Uea,  Stoph'yle, 
TiiitiiiiKib'iiluiji,  Colitiiiet'la,  Cioil,  Ci'iDiin,  Giir- 
yii'reon,  Cohiiu'na  nriii,  Guryit'lia,  Iiitursc/j'tiim, 
J'rocesHiis  seu  Cartiln'yn  U'vi/er,Ui'ly"eiKi,Uvi(j''- 
era,  Pup  of  the  Throat,  Hiiiius,  J'/ectriiiii,  Siib- 
lin't/na,  Ksubliu'yaium,  (Sc.)  Pap  of  the  Huaa,  (F.) 


Litette.  A  fleshy  appendi.x  or  prolongation,  which 
hangs  from  the  middle  or  free  eilge  of  the  velum 
palati.  The  uvula  has  a  conical  shape,  and  is  of 
a  greater  or  less  size  in  individuals.  It,  is  formed, 
especially,  by  the  mucous  membrane  of  tiie  velum 
palati;  and  contains,  within  it,  tlie  azygos  uvulie 
muscle.     Its  use  is  not  clear. 

Also,  a  small  prominence  or  lobule  in  the  por- 
tion of  the  cei-ebulhim  that  forms  the  ))ostcrior 
boundary  of  the  fourtli  ventricle,  l-'ni/n  t-ere- 
bell'i.  It  is  on  the  median  line,  and  behind  tho 
uodulus. 

Uvula,   see  Vermiform    process   inferior  —  vi. 
Cerebelli,  see  Uvula — u.  Decidua.  .Siii|.liyla'deiua 
—  u.   Kelaxata,   Stajdiylcedema — u.   \ ''sicju,  see 
Urinary  bladder  —  u.  Vesical,  see   Ui     ary  bind- ■ 
der. 

U'VULAR,  Uviilo'rhjrom  uvula.  That  which 
belongs  to  the  uvula. 

Uvular  Glands  are  small  follicles,  belonging 
to  the  mucous  membrane  covering  the  uvula. 

UVULARIA,  so  called  from  the  flowers  hang- 
ing like  the  uvula  [?],  Ruscus  hy))oglossuin. 

Uvula'iua  PkRFoLIa'tA,  Siiiiiller  Btllwort ; 
indigenous  ;  Order,  Melanthaceu)  ;  flowering  in 
May  and  June.  The  root,  when  fresh,  is  sul)ncrid 
and  mucilaginous.  A  decoction  of  the  plant  is 
used  in  sore  mouth.  It  is  said  to  cure  the  bites 
of  rattlesnakes. 

UviJLARiA  Grandiplo'ra  and  U.  Sestilifu'lia 
have  similar  properties. 

UVULl'TIS,  a  word  of  hybrid  formation,  from 
uvula,  and  ills,  denoting  inflammation.  Aiiyi'ua 
iiviila'rin,  Stiipliijli'tin,  Cioni'tis,  iiijlamnni'tio 
\i'r>nl(B,  (F.)  Jiijl<(iiunatioii  de  la  Lmtfc,  I'idliiig 
down  of  the  I'alate.  Inflammation  of  the  uvula. 
When  to  a  slight  degree,  Uypoataijhijlitiis. 


Y. 


VACCIN,  see  Vaccina. 

VACCI'i^A,  V.  primiy"ena  seu  vaccinato'ria 
seu  aiitivariolo'sa,  Vavciu'ia,  Vari'ola  vrici-iua,  V. 
vacciu'ica  seu  tiito'n'a  seu  tutrix,  Exauthe'nia 
varrinri  seu  aiitirariolo'iiuui,  Si/u'orhii  vacviua, 
Em' phi  I/sin  vaccina  iuxer'ta,  Vacci'ola,  V.  acutel- 
lit'ta,  V.  vera,  Vnri'oleB  tnto'ricB,  Cow-pox,  Kiue 
Pork,  Iiioit' ulated  Uuw-por,  from  Dacca,  'a  cow  ;' 
(F. )  Vaccine.  The  cow-po.\  is  a  disease  of  the 
cow,  arising  spontaneously,  which,  if  transmitted 
to  man  by  means  of  inoculation,  may  preserve 
him  from  small-po.x  contagion.  The  promulga- 
tion of  this  valuable  property  of  the  vaccine 
virus  is  due  to  Dr.  Jenner.  Wlien  inoculating 
for  small-pox  in  Gloucestershire,  in  1775.  he  was 
surprised  to  meet  with  a  number  of  persons  in 
the  same  district,  on  whom  the  insertion  of  the 
virus  produced  no  effect,  although  they  had  never 
passed  through  small-pox.  On  investigation, 
lie  found  that  all  these  persons  had  previously 
been  affected  by  a  pustular  eruption  of  the  cow, 
which  they  had  taken  by  milking  the  animal; 
and  which  eruption  they  called  Cow-pox.  This 
discovery  induced  hira  to  institute  experiments, 
anrt  he  found  that  such  preservative  effect  actu- 
ally existed.  The  Vaccine  Virus,  Virus  Vacci'- 
num,  (F.)  Vaccin  or  the  fluid  of  the  eruption,  is 
not  now  usually  taken  immediately  from  the  cow  ; 
experience  having  demonstrated  that  it  is  nearly 
as  efficacious  when  obtained  from  the  human 
vesicle.  The  characteristic  of  cow-pox  eruption 
is:  —  a  semi-transparent,  pearl-culoured  vesicle, 


with  a  circular  or  somewhat  oval  base;  its  upper 
surface,  until  the  end  of  the  8th  day,  being  more 
elevated  at  tlie  margin  than  in  the  centre;  and 
the  margin  itself  being  turgid,  shining,  and 
rounded,  so  as  often  to  extend  a.  little  over  the 
line  of  tlie  base.  This  vesicle  is  filled  with  clear 
lymph,  contained  in  numerous  little  cells,  that 
communicate  with  each  other.  After  the  8th  or 
9th  day  from  the  insertion  of  the  virus,  it  is  sur- 
rounded by  a  bright  red,  circumscribed  areola, 
which  varies  in  its  diameter,  in  different  cases, 
from  a  quarter  of  ;in  inch  to  two  inches  ;  and  is 
usually  attended  with  a  considerable  tumour,  and 
hardness  of  the  adjoining  areolar  membrane. 
This  areola  declines  on  tho  1 1th  or  12th  day  ;  the 
surface  of  the  vesicle  then  becomes  brown  in  the 
centre;  and  the  fluid  in  the  cells  gradually  con- 
cretes into  a  hard,  rounded  scab  or  crust,  of  a 
reddish-brown  colour,  which  at  length  becomes 
darker,  contracted,  and  dry,  but  is  not  detached 
till  three  weeks  after  vaccination.  It  leaves  iv 
permanent,  circular  cicatrix,  about  five  lines  in 
diameter,  and  a  little  depressed;  the  surface 
being  marked  with  very  minute  pits  or  indenta- 
tions, denoting  the  number  of  cells  of  whicli  tho 
vesicle  had  been  composed.  This  is  tlie  progress 
of  the  yeuuine  cow-pox.  At  times,  fever  occurs 
about  the  9th  or  11th  day;  but,  at  others,  not  the 
slightest  indisposition  is  felt.  Aberrations  from 
this  progress  occur,  which  must  be  attended  to; 
as  the  same  preservative  influence  is  not  exerted 
by  irregular  or  spurious  cow-pox.     If  the  erup- 


VACCTXAL 


953 


VAGINAL 


tion  runs  speedily  to  a  hcijjht,  hns  an  areola  too 
early,  is  irri'j,'uliir  iit  its  e<lj,res,  and  contains  pus 
instead  of  a  limpid  fluid,  —  it  cannot  at  all  be 
dept'iicieii  upon. 

Siniiilpox  occurs,  occasionally,  as  an  epidemic 
after  vaccination.  P'or  a  wliiiol  the  enthusiastic 
ndvociitcs  of  vaccination  would  not  admit  the 
affection  to  be  small-pox;  and,  accordingly,  they 
gave  it  the  luinio  Viirioloid.  It  is  un<iuestionably 
small-pox,  hut  modified,  and  jrreatly  divested  of 
its  terrors  by  previous  vaccination  ;  and  it  is 
said  to  happen  less  frequently  after  vaccination 
than  after  miKdl-pox  iiiocHliilioii.  Vaccination  is 
now  practised  everywhere,  except  among  those 
in  whom  ignorance  and  prejudice  exclude  the 
lights  of  reason  and  philanthropy.  There  is 
ground,  however,  for  the  belief,  that  fcjr  full  pro- 
tection rev<tcciiu(tiou  may  be  occasionally  neces- 
sary. 

Vactixa  AMTivAiiTOi.osA,  Vaccina  —  v.  Prinii- 
pena,  Vaccina — v.  Tutoria,  Vaccina  —  v.  Tutrix. 
Vaccina  —  v.  Vaccinatoria,  Vaccina.       ' 

VAVa/NAL,  Vaccine. 

VACCINA'TION,  V<irr!,i„'lio.  from  vaccn,  '  n 
cow;'  Cuw-pox  invciiliiliiiii,  Jeniie'ricni  inociiUi- 
tion.  An  operation  wliich  consists  in  inserting 
the  vaccine  virus  under  the  cuticle,  so  that  it  may 
come  in  contact  with  the  absorbents.  It  is  ex- 
tremely simple,  and  re(iuire8  merely  that  the 
point  of  the  lancet  should  be  held  under  the 
cuticle  fur  a  short  time.  The  best  time  for  taking 
the  matter  from  the  Cmo-po-r  vesir/e,  for  vacci- 
nation, is  about  the  7th  or  8th  diiy,  before  the 
appearance  of  the  areola,  when  it  ought  to  be 
limpid  and  transparent.  The  most  certain  me- 
thod is,  to  i)ass  it  from  arm  to  arm  ;  but  this  is 
not  always  convenient;  and,  hence  it  is  taken 
upon  jxi'nitH  or  pieces  of  quill,  or  between  glasses. 
It  must,  of  course,  be  softened  for  use.  This  is 
done  by  means  of  a  little  water,  which  does  not 
destroy  its  efficiency.  The  scab,  too,  which  falls 
off  about  the  end  of  three  weeks — sooner  or  later 
—  is  capable  of  communicating  the  affection,  if 
dissolved  in  water;  and  this  is  the  most  common 
method  of  transmitting  the  vaccine  virus  in  some 
countries. 

VACCINATOR,  Vac'ciiust.  One  who  inocu- 
lates fur  the  cow-pox. 

VACCINE,  Vaccina. 

Vaccinr,  Vacci' iiiih,  V<iccuiii'!i>i,  (F.)  Vitcciixil ; 
same  etymon.  Relating  or  appertaining  to  vac- 
cination, as  the  'vaccine  vesicle,'  'a  vnccine  phy- 
sician.' 

VACCINEL'LA.  A  term  employed  by  some 
to  designate  spurious  cow-pox.  Vdrcin'inn,  V<ic- 
cl'old  xpn'ria  seu  lepro'sa,  (F.)  Vaccinelle,  I'dc- 
cindide. 

VACCINIA,  Vaccina — v.  Palustris,  Vaccinium 
oxycoccos. 

VACCINIST,  Vaccinator. 

VACCINIUM  MACROCARPON,  see  V.  oxy- 
coccos. 

VA^oIN'IU^f  Myrtyl'lus,  either  corrupted  from 
iDjacinlliHi,  or,  and  more  probably,  biicciniiiin  ; 
from  hiicc(P,  'berries,'  in  allusion  to  its  fruit. 
Vitin  idcB'it  niyrti/'htu,  Vitcciii'iii  myitil'lua,  Viic- 
ciii'iiiiii  nhji-iim,  Mi/rt/e  licni/,  fiilbern/,  B/cn- 
hernj,  Wliortle-hern/,  BIncIc  \VhortH,  (Sc.)  i:i„c- 
berri/,  (Prov.)  Hurilehcrn/.  Wlnmheny.  (F.)  Ai- 
relle  AiKjnleiise,  Jinixin  de  Hoh.  Onl.  Vaceinie;e. 
Sex.  Si/st.  Octandriii  Monogynia.  The  berries — 
Biicc(p,  Muitillo'ruin  —  are  esteemed  to  be  anti- 
scorbutic, when  prepared  with  vinegar.  They 
are  also  said  to  possess  antiseptic  and  sub-astrin- 
gent properties  when  dried.  They  are  not  used 
in  medicine;  but  are  frequently  eaten  with  milk 
and  sugar. 

Vaccinh'm  Nioiu'M.  \  .  myrtdlus. 

Vaccinillm  Oxvcoc'cos,  Oxyajc'cov,  0.  pahis'- 


tria,  SchoHera  oxyeoecoa,  Vaccinia  pnhm'tris,  Vitia 
IdcB'n  poliiH'liix,  M'loi  berry,  Cranberry,  Muxs- 
btrry,  Siiuuiij)  Itedberry,  S'liirberry,  (F.)  Caiiiie- 
beryc.  The  berries  are  pleasantly  acid  and  co<d- 
ing.  They  make  an  agreeable  ((reserve.  The 
common  American  Cranberry  is  from  Vaccioiuni 
mitcrocarj)!!!!. 

Vaccinium  PKNysvi.VAs'icmi,  Low  Blueberry. 
The  leaves  and  bark  of  the  root  are  astringent. 

Vaccinh'm  PuNCTATiiM,  V.  vitis  idaea — v.  Re- 
sinosum,  Gaylussacia  resinosa. 

Vaccinium  Stamin'ku.m,  Bndherry,  Squaw 
Hnvkleberry,  Deerberry.  The  leaves  of  these 
plants  are  astringent. 

Vaccimum  Vitis  Id.-e'a,  T'.  puncta'tiun.  Vitis 
IdcB'u  fjinicta'ln,  Aiii'pelaa  Ida' a,  Reii  liilherry, 
(Sc.)  Brawliita,  Alpine  Cranberry, rWhortiebcrry, 
Cuicberry,  (F. )  Airelle  ou  Canncberye  poiiclnee. 
A  decoction  of  the  leaves  has  been  used  in  cal- 
culims  affections.  They  are  astringent.  The 
ripe  berries  are  pleasantly  acid,  and  refiigerant. 
Wliort/ebcrries  are  furnished  by  different  species 
of  Viiccinium. 

T'^ CC/yOIDl<J.  Vaccinella. 

VACCINOIS,  Vaccinella. 

VACCINIIS,  Vaccine. 

VACCIOLA,  Vaccina  —  v.  Leprosa,  Vaccinella 
—  V.  Scutellata,  Vaccina — v.  Spuria,  Vaccinella 
— v.  Vera,  Vaccina. 

VACILLA'TIO,  Titnba'lio,  from  vaciUare,  'to 
waver.'  Staggering  ;  waddling  —  clandica'tio 
anat'ica. 

Vacii.latio  Dentium,  Odontoseisis. 

VAGIN,  Vagina, 

VAGI'NA,  'a  sheath,'  ]''.  mnlie'hria  seu  uteri'- 
na  seu  U'teri  seu  fenix,  Sinnx  nndie'brix  seu  Pu- 
do'ris  seu  Pndcn'di,  Cal'f.nx.  I'erix,  Perin,  Colpua, 
Vn/ro-uterine  canal,  (F.)  Vayin,  Ctindnit  de  Id 
jjndeur.  A  cylindrical  canal,  live  or  six  inches 
long;  situate  within  the  pelvis,  between  the 
bladder  and  re(^tum.  It  comnmnicates  by  one 
extremity,  Aidnx,  with  the  vulva;  by  the  other, 
Fornix  seu  Fniiihtx,  with  the  womb.  Pars  seu 
Portia  vaijina'lis  n'teri,  the  neck  of  which  it  em- 
braces. The  vagina  is  lined,  internally,  by  a 
mucous  membrane  ;  and  is  partly  closed,  in  young 
females,  by  the  hymen,  and  caruncuhie  niyrli- 
formes.  Around  the  mucous  membrane  is  a  layer 
of  spongy,  erectile  tissue;  and  a  cellulo-vascular 
membrane.  A  constrictor  muscle;  numerous 
vessels  furnished  by  the  vaginal  artery,  particu- 
larly ;  veins  and  nerves,  proceeding  from  the 
sciatic  plexus,  also,  enter  into  the  composition  of 
the  organ. 

The  term  Vagina  or  sheath,  Theca,  is  extended 
to  many  ))arts,  which  serve  as  envelopes  to  others. 

Sheath,  (F.)  Gaine,  is  sometimes  applied  to  the 
fascia  enveloping  the  limbs;  to  areolar  mem- 
brane, enveloping  the  muscles,  and  entering  be- 
tween their  fibres  ;  to  that  which  surrounds  the 
blood-vessels ;  to  the  synovial  membranes  sur- 
rounding tendons,  and  lining  the  gutters  of 
bones,  &,c. 

Vagina  Counis,  Pericardium  —  v.  Femovis, 
Fascia  lata  aponeurosis — v.  Funiculi  Ilmbilicalis, 
see  Funiculus  umbilicalis  —  v.  (ilissonii,  Ca|)sulo 
of  Glissoi* — V.  Malleolaris  externa,  Retinaculuui 
tendinum  perina;orum — v.  Muliebris,  Vagina — v. 
Aluscularis,  Perimysium  —  v.  Nervorum.  Neuri- 
lemma— v.  Penis.  Vagina — v.  Pili,  see  Ilnir — v. 
Port;B,  Capsule  of  Ulisson  —  v.  Uterina,  Vagina. 

Vagina  ok  tub  Vkna  Porta.  Sheath  of  the 
Vena  Porta,  (F. )  Gaine  de  la  Veine  parte,  is  the 
areolar  membrane  that  accom|>anies  the  divisions 
of  the  vena  ))()rta  info  the  substance  of  the  liver. 

VAGIN/E  SYNOVIALES,  Bursaj  mucosse. 

VA(}"INAL,  ]'i'i(/i)i<i'//x,from  vayina,  'asheath.* 
Relating  or  pertaining  to  a  sheath. 

Vaginal  Ainiiitv.     This  exists,  as  a  matter  of 


VAGINITIS 


954 


VALVULA 


course,  only  in  the  female.  It  arises  from  the 
hypogastric  or  from  the  uterine,  vesical,  internal 
pu'lic,  uiiiliilical,  <fec.,  and  sends  its  branches, 
first  to  the  lateral  parts  of  the  vagina,  and  after- 
wards to  the  anterior  and  posterior  surfaces. 

Vagixai.  Bil'iauv  Plkxus.  A  plexus  of  rami- 
fications of  the  hepatic  duct  through  the  capsule 
of  (ilisson. 

Vaginal  Branches  of  the  Vena  Porta  are 
those  which  have  to  i)ass  through  the  sheath  of 
tiie  capsule  of  Glisson,  previous  to  entering  the 
interlobular  spaces.  In  this  course,  they  form 
the  vdyinal  plejciis.  There  are,  also,  vo</iii'il 
hniiirhes,  and  a  vaginal  ple.iH8  formed  by  the 
hepatic  artery. 

Vaginal  Coat  op  the  Eye,  see  Eye. 

Vaginal  Coat  of  the  Testicle,  Ta'nica  Va- 
f/hia'lis  seu  Elytrdi'des  seu  Elijtro'deft,  is  the  se- 
rous membrane  which  envelops  the  testicle.  Be- 
fore the  descent  of  the  testicle,  the  tunica  vagi- 
nalis does  not  exist.  It  is  formed  by  a  prolonga- 
tion, furnished  by  the  peritoneum  to  the  testicle 
when  it  issues  from  the  abdomen.  The  tunica 
vaginalis  forms  a  close  sac,  investing  the  testicle 
and  epididymis,  without  containing  them  in  its 
cavity,  and  reflected  so  as  to  form  a  bag  around 
the  circumference  of  the  testis;  hence  it  is  divided 
into  7'u'nicn  vagiita'lis  pro'pria  and  Tii'tiica  va- 
(jiiKi'liv  reflex'a.  Between  the  two  layers,  the 
inner  surface  is  smooth,  and  lubricated  by  a 
serous  fluid. 

Vaginal  Ganglia,  see  Spermatic  ganglion. 

Vaginal  Plexus,  see  Vaginal  branches  of  the 
vena  porta. 

Vaginal  PnocEss  of  the  Temporal  Bone, 
(F.)  Apophyne  vtujiiKile  ou  oiyrniiiiiite,  Gaiiie  de 
riijxiphi/ie  Kl;/l.o'ide,  Cliatoii,\»  a  bony  crista,  which 
embraces  the  base  of  the  styloid  process. 

Vaginal  Pulse,  Pulse,  vaginal. 

VA(JIN1TI8,  Leucorrhcea  (vaginal.) 

VACINO-VKSICAL,  Vesico-vaginal. 

VAGISSEMBNT,  Cry,  Vagitus. 

VAGI'TUS,  (F.)  VayhHement.  The  cry  of  the 
new-born  child.     Sqiiallhig. 

Vagi'tus  Uteri'nus.  The  cry  of  the  child  in 
utero. 

VAGUS  NERVUS,  Pneuraogastric. 

VAIRON  (F.),  Dlxpar  oc'ulus.  One  who  has 
eyes  of  diff"erent  colours.  It  also  means  a  wall- 
eyed animal,  or  one  whose  iris  is  surrounded  by  a 
whitish  circle. 

VAISSEAU,  Vessel  —  v.  Sanguin,  Blood- 
vessel. 

VAISSEAUX  OAPILLATRES,  Capillary 
vessels  —  i-.  Chyliferes,  Chyliferous  vessels  —  v. 
Lacte.n,  Chyliferous  vessels — v.  Ldctifeie^,  Lacti- 
ferous vessels  —  v.  Omhilicniix,  Umbilical  vessels 
—  11.  TutifhillotDieii,  Vasa  vorticosa. 

VALANIDA,  Fagus  sylvatica. 

VALANTIA  APAHINE,  Galium  aparine. 

VALERIAN,  AMERICAN,  Cypripediura  lu- 
teum,  Valeriana  pauciflora — v.  Garden,  Valeriana 
phu  —  V.  Greek,  Polemoniuin  reptans  —  v.  Offici- 
nal, Valeriana — v.  Wild,  Senecio  aureus,  Valeri- 
ana, V.  pauciflora. 

VALERIA'NA,  V.  officina'IiH  seu  minor,  Leu- 
cohich'aimni.  Wilil  or  Offic"inal  Valerian.  Ord. 
Valerianaceae.  Sejc.  St/xt.  Triandria  Monogynia. 
The  root,  Valeria' na  (Ph.  U.  S.),  has  been  long 
extolled  as  an  eflicacious  remedy  in  epilepsy,  and 
in  a  variety  of  nervous  complaints.  It  has  been 
also  advised  as  a  tonic,  antispasmodic,  and  em- 
liienagogue.  It  has  a  strong,  fetid  odour;  bit- 
terish, subacrid,  and  warm  taste;  and  its  virtues 
fire  extracted  by  water  and  alcohol.  The  dis- 
tilled oil  is  ofiicinal  in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the 
United  States. 

Valeiuana  Capen'sis,  a  South  African  spe- 
cies, has  similar  virtues. 


VALEniANA  Cblt'ica,  V.  Saxat' ill's,  Spica  CeV- 
ticn  seu  Ccl'tica  Dioacnr'idii  seu  Alpi'iia,  Nardui 
Cel'tica,  Saliiiit'ca,  Xnrdum  Gidl'icum,  Celtic 
Nard,  (F.)  Nard  Celtique.  The  roots  of  this 
Alpine  plant  have  been  recoininended  as  a  sto- 
machic, carminative  and  diuretic.  It  has  a  mo- 
derately strong  smell,  and  a  warm,  bitterish,  sub- 
acrid  taste. 

Valeriana  Denta'ta,  F.  locm'ta,  Com  Salad. 
A  wholesome,  succulent  plant,  cultivated  in  Eu- 
rope as  a  salad.  It  is  antiscorbutic  and  gently 
aperient. 

Valeriana  Major,  V.  phu  —  v.  Locusta,  V. 
dentata  —  v.  Minor,  Valeriana  —  v.  Oflicinalis, 
Valeriana. 

Valeriana  Pauciflo'ra,  American  or  Wild 
Vale'rian,  and  V.  ai/lvat'ica,  have  the  properties 
of  the  other  Valerians. 

Valeriana  Phu,  T''.  major,  Garden  Valerian, 
(F.)  Grande  Valeriane.  The  root  has  been  re- 
commended in  rheumatism;  especially  in  sciatica, 
and  in  epilepsy. 

Valeriana  Saxatilis,  V.  celtica  —  v.  Spica, 
Nardus  Indica  —  v.  Sylvatica,  see  V.  pauciflora. 

VALERIANE,   GRANDE,  Valeriana  phu. 

VALET  A  PAT  IN  (F.),  VoheVla  I'ati'ni. 
The  common  ligature  forceps  is  a  modification  of 
this  instrument  invented  by  one  I'atin.  It  con- 
sists of  two  branches,  united  at  the  middle  by  a 
hinge,  which  may  be  separated  or  approximated 
by  means  of  a  screw  or  running  ring.  It  is  used 
for  seizing  hold  of  vessels  that  are  to  be  tied. 

VALETUDTNAIRE,  Valetudinary. 

VALETUDINARIUM,  Hospital. 

VALETUDINARIUS,  Sickly,  Valetudinary. 

VALETU'DINARY,  Valelndina'rian,  Valetii- 
dina'rinv,  Inval' idus,  (F.)  Valelndiiiaive,  from 
valetudo,  'health,'  valeo,  'to  bo  well.'  One  of 
delicate  health.  One  subject  to  frequent  diseases. 
An  Invalid. 

VALETUDO,  Sanitas— V.  Adversa,  Disease— 
V.  Bona,  Sanitas — v.  Commoda,  Sanitas — v.  Se- 
cunda,  Sanitas. 

VALGUS,  see  Cnemoscoliosis  and  Kyllosis. 

VALIGA,  Tinctura  jalapii. 

VALITUDO,  Sanitas. 

VALLECULA,  Valley — v.  Unguis,  see  Nail. 

VALLEY,  Vallec'nla,  V.  Reil'ii,  (diniinutivo 
of  vallis,  'a  valley.')  (F.)  Grand  Seinxure  Me- 
dians du  Cervelet.  The  deep  fissure  on  the  infe- 
rior part  of  the  cerebellum,  which  divides  it  into 
two  symmetrical  portions. 

VALLUM.  The  eyebrow  or  supercilium.  Also, 
a  species  of  bandage.  —  Galen. 

VALS,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  A  French 
acidulous  chalybeate  at  Vals,  six  leagues  from 
Viviers,  in  the  department  of  Ardfeche.  There 
are  five  springs,  containing  carbonic  acid,  sul- 
phate of  iron,  and  alum.  They  are  employed  in 
passive  hemorrhages,  leucorrhooa,  &c 

VALVE,  Val'vida,  Diclis,  (F.)  Valvide.  from 
valvce,  'folding-doors,'  itself  from  volvo,  'I  fold 
up.'  A  small  door.  Any  membrane  or  duplica- 
ture  of  a  membrane,  which  prevents  a  reflux  of 
humours  or  other  matters  in  the  vessels  and 
canals  of  the  animal  body.  There  are  somo 
valves,  whose  functions  appear  to  be,  —  to  retard 
or  to  modify  the  course  of  substances  along  canals, 
<fec.  See  mitral,  sigmoid,  tricnupid,  ileo-cwcal 
valve,  &c. 

Valve  of  Fallopius,  Bauhin,  valve  of — v. 
Ueo-coecal,  Bauhin,  valve  of — v.  Ueo-eolic,  Bau- 
hin, valve  of — V.  of  Tulpius,  Bauhin,  valve  of — v. 
of  Varolius,  Bauhin,  valve  of. 

VALVES,  KERKRIN(JIAN,  Valvula  conni- 
ventes  —  v.  Semilunar,  Sigmoid  valves. 

VALVULA,  Valve — v.  Cipci,  Bauhin,  valve  of 
— v.  Cerebelli,  Valvula  Vieussenii — v.  Coli,  Bau- 


VALVUL.E   BICUSPIDALES        955 


VARICOCELE 


hin,  Viilve  of — v.  Foraminis  ovalis,  Ovalis  fossa 

—  V.  (luifrartiaiia,  see  Thebei^ius,  veins  of —  v. 
Ilei,  liauliiii,  valve  of — v.  Magna  Cerebri,  V. 
Vic'usseiiii. 

Vai.VUL/V  SK\flLrNA'RlS,  Plica  Semihiiia'rin 
neu  liDiu'tn,  Meiiihi'iii'iild  HetiiiliOKi'n's  conjunct i'- 
VII.  A  small  doublirif^  of  the  tunica  conjunctiva, 
■which  lies  between  the  caruncuhi  lacrynialis  and 
the  bull  of  the  eye.  In  birds,  this  is  large,  and 
called  Menihrri'nn  iiic'h'tmis  seu  I'ltVjiehra  tet'tui. 

Valvula  Tauini,  Velum  uieduUare  posterius 

—  V.  Thebesii,  see  Thebesius,  veins  of — v.  Va- 
gina, Hymen  —  v.  Venaj  magnae,  see  Thebesius, 
valve  of. 

Valvula  Vikussk'nii,  V.  cerehel'U  seu  Wil- 
h'»!(i'ii(i  seu  viagita  cei'ebii,  Velitm  VietiBse'iiii  seu 
i lite rji'c't Hill  cKi'cbeHI,  V.  iipoj)h'ijn!  verniij'ormi  ob- 
tiiilHiii,  V.  mediillu' re  seu  mcdiilld're  anti'ciim  seu 
aiile' riiiH,  Liirn'iiiirvciitiic'iili  qiuiiti  8iiperii>r,  (F.) 
Vidcide  de  VicumieUH,  Voile  iiiedidlaire  mipeiieure. 
A  thin,  medullary  lamina,  over  the  under  end  of 
the  Aquit'ductus  Sylvii  and  upper  part  of  the 
fourth  ventricle.  At  the  sides  of  the  valves  are 
two  medullary  tracts,  called  I'tocefm'ns  ad  Testes, 
Col II III' lies  Viil'videR  VieHUHeuii  or  Oblique  tiiter- 
cer'ebrol  Com' in  injure. 

Valvula  Wd.lisiana,  Valvula  Vieussenii. 

VALVULE.  BICUSPIDALES,  iMitral  valves. 

VALVULyH  Connivhn'tks,  V.  C.  Keikrin'ijii, 
Plica  coiiiiiveii'ten,  JCerkiiii'i/idii  vidres.  Nume- 
rous circular  folds  in  the  intestinal  canal  from  the 
pyloric  orifice  through  the  greater  part  of  the 
small  intestine.  They  are  folds  of  the  mucous 
membrane  ;  and  their  chief  use  appears  to  bo,  to 
retard  tlie  course  of  the  alimentary  mass,  and  to 
alford  a  larger  surface  fur  the  origin  of  chylifcrous 
vessels. 

ValvuLjK  Cordis,  Ostiola  cordis  —  v.  Cordis 
mitrales.  Mitral  valves  —  v.  Triglochines,  Tricus- 
pid valves  —  V.  Trisulcue,  Tricuspid  valves. 

VALVULE,  Valve — v.  d'Enxtache,  Eustachian 
valve — V.  de  Pyloie,  see  Pylorus — v.  de  Vieiinseus, 
Valvula  Vieussenii. 

VALVULES,  V.  Upiscopalen,  Mitral  valves — 
V.  SlijiiiiiideH  ou  SeiiiiliiiKiires,  Sigmoid  valves. 

VANDEL'LIA  DIFFU'SA.  A  native  of  Bra- 
zil, Guiana  and  Isle  of  France;  Order,  Scrophu- 
lariaccie  ;  is  used  there  as  an  antibilious  emetic 
and  antiperiodio ;  and  is.  regarded  as  an  eiSca- 
cious  remedy  in  malignant  fever  and  dysentery, 
especially  in  cases  connected  with  a  disordered 
state  of  the  liver. 

VANELLOE,  Vanilla. 

VAXIL'LA,  BiniU'ia,  Bnnilas,  Timiilloe^,  Ba- 
nilld,  Benzo'enil,  Ar'dcus  Kroiiiat' iciis,  (F.)  V(i- 
liil/r.  Bniiine  de  Vaiiillc.  The  VancUoe—Sil' iqiia 
viinill'fr  seu  Bunill'a  seu  VuniylicB  seu  vain'lUcB 
seu  Ar'dci  aromot'ici  —  is  a  long,  flattish  pod; 
containing,  under  a  wrinkled,  brittle  shell,  a  red- 
dish-brown pulp,  with  small,  shining,  black  seeds. 
Tlie  i)arasilic  plant  which  affords  this  pod  is  the 
Epiden'driim  Vonilln,  Vanilla  aroinat'ica  seu 
Jiexivii'na,  and  other  species.  Fami/i/,  Orchida- 
cese.  Sex.  Sj/at.  Gynandria  Monandria.  Vanel- 
loes  have  an  unctuous,  aromatic  taste,  and  a  fra- 
grant smell,  like  that  of  some  of  the  finer  bal- 
sams, heightened  with  musk.  Although  chiefly 
used  as  perfumes,  they  are  reputed  to  possess 
aphrodisiac  virtues. 

A'amixa  Auomatica,  see  Vanilla. 

VAI'EURS,  Ilyi>ochondriasis,  Hysteria. 

VAPOR  SANGUINIS,  (iaz  sanguinis. 

V.APOKA'PiIUM,  Atininte'  rial),  Lneon'ieuni, 
Pii'ria,  /'i/riatc'riiim.  Vapour  bath,  from  vapor, 
'steam.'  A  useful  remedy  in  rheumatic  and  cu- 
taneous aft'octions;  and  wlierever  it  is  important 
to  relax  the  cutaneous  c,i])illaries.  In  the  Rns- 
eiaii    ]'apour  Bath,   the    vapour  is   produced   by 


throwing  water  over  hot  stones.     Its  temperature 
is  from  122°  to  145°. 

Vapohauum,  Hvpocaustum,  see  Stove. 

VAPORATIO.  Evaporation. 

VAPORES  UTERINI,  Hysteria. 

VAPOUR,  Flatulence — v.  Bath,  Vaporarium. 

VAPOURISH,  Hvpochondriac,  Hysterical. 

VAPOUROUS,  Windy. 

VAPOURS,  Hypochondriasis,  Hysteria. 

VAPOURY,  Hypochondriacal,  Hysterical. 

VARA,  liar  re. 

VAREC,  Kelp  —  v.  VesiculetiX;  Fucus  vesicu- 
losus. 

VARENI,  Ambulo-flatulentus,  Gout  (wander- 
ing-) 

VARICE,  Varix. 

VARICEL'LA,  (diminutive  of  Variola,  Small- 
pox,) Em'jMyniH  seu  Exantlie'ma  seu  Sj/n'oclms 
varicella,  Variola  lyniphut'ica  seu  spu'ria  soil 
sylvea'trift,  Variolce  iiuIIkb  seu  Ulegit' iincp.  >eu  ro- 
lat'iccB  seu  piicellcB,  Ptiendo-rariola,  yEid'lion, 
^ollium,  Chicken  2><>-r,  (F.)  Varicelle,  Pflile  rerole 
vulante,  Verolelte,  Faiiase  variole.  A  disease 
characterized  by  vesicles  scattered  over  the  body, 
which  are  glabrous,  transparent,  and  about  tlie 
size  of  peas.  They  appear  in  successive  crops, 
are  covered  by  a  thin  pellicle,  and,  about  the 
third,  fourth,  or  fifth  day  from  their  appearance, 
burst  at  the  top,  and  concrete  into  small,  puck- 
ered scabs,  which  rarely  leave  a  pit  in  the  skin. 
Three  varieties  have,  sometimes,  been  designated. 
1.  The  V.  letitiformea,  or  lenticular  chicken  pox, 
which  are  irregularly  circular,  and  flattened  on 
the  top;  the  fluid  being  at  first  whitish,  and  af- 
terwards straw-coloured.  This  is  the  common 
chicken  pox.  2.  The  Varicella  conifor'niia,  Pem'- 
phigiiH  variolo'den.  Variola  lyniphat'ica,  Ifydrach'- 
iii'm,  Conoid'al  Chicken  Pox,  Swine  I'ox,  Water 
Pox,  Water  Jays,  in  which  the  vesicles  are 
generally  acuminated,  and  the  fluid  pellucid 
throughout;  and,  3dly,  the  Varied' la  globida'ris 
or  Hives,  in  which  tlie  vesicles  are  globular  and 
larger;  the  fluid  being,  at  first,  wliiv-coloured, 
and  afterwards  yellowish.  These  divisions  are, 
however,  very  arbitrary,  for  they  are  generally 
confounded. 

Hornpnx  is  a  papular  variety  of  varicella. 

Variola  has  been,  sometimes,  mistaken  for  this 
disease,  and  conversely.  A  little  attention  to  the 
history  of  the  eruption  in  the  two  afTections  will 
prevent  error.  Varicella  is  not  contagious.  At 
times,  it  prevails  epidemically.  It  cannot  be 
propagated  by  inoculation.  The  treatment  is 
extremely  simi)le  ;  rest,  abstinence,  and  tlie  an- 
tiphlogistic regimen,  being  all  that  is  generally 
required.     See  Varioloid. 

Varicella  Vauioloidka,  Varioloid. 

VARICELLAR  FEVER,  see  Varioloid. 

VARICIFOR'MES  PARAS'TATiE.  A  name 
given,  by  some  authors,  to  the  ducts  of  the  epi- 
didymis, because  they  seem  knotty  and  varicose. 

VARICOBLEPII'ARON,  from  varix,  varids, 
and  (iXetpapov,  '  eyelid.'  A  varicose  tumour  of  the 
eyelid. 

VARICOCE'LE,  from  rarix,  varid^,  and  «,;>„, 
'a  tumour;'  Oscheoce'le  varico'sa,  Her'iiia  vari- 
co'sa,  Ramex  varico'xiia,  Sperniatoce'le,  Virsocrle, 
A  varicose  dilatation  of  the  veins  of  the  scrotum 
and  spermatic  cord.  This  latter  varietv  of  the 
disease  is  more  common  on  the  left  side  than  the 
right.  It  appears  under  the  form  of  a  soft, 
doughy,  unequal,  knotty,  compressible,  and  in- 
dolent tumour,  situate  in  the  course  of  the  cord, 
and  increasing  from  below  upwards.  It  is  less 
when  the  indiviihial  is  in  the  recumbent  posture, 
and  increases  when  he  is  erect.  It  is,  ordinarily, 
an  affection  of  no  moment,  and  is  very  common, 
requiring  merely  the  use  of  a  priqier  suspensory 
bandage.     It  has  been  advised,  iu  bad  cases,  to 


VARICOMniALUS 


95  6 


VASA   ABERRANTIA 


tie  the  enlarged  vein,  hut  the  operation  is  not 
free  from  ilanger  induced  by  plik-bitis.  Sir  A. 
Cooper  has  proposeil  the  removal  of  a  portion  of 
the  serotum,  so  as  to  render  the  remainder  of  the 
scrotum  a  natural  bandage.  This  plan  has  been 
found  effectual. 

VARICOM'PHALUS,  from  varix,  vnncis,  and 
of(0<jAos,  'the  umbilicus.'  Varicose  tumour  of  the 
uuibilicus;   cirsomphalus. 

VAR'ICOSE,  Var!co\-iifi,  (F.)  Vanqueux. 
From  oitn'x,  luoicis.  Affected  with  vari.x ;  or  be- 
longing to,  or  connected  with,  varix  : — as  a  vari- 
CDne  vein,  a  varicose  ulcer,  that  is,  one  kept  up  by 
varicen. 

VARICOSITAS,  see  Varix  — V.  Conjunctivae, 
Cirsophtlialmia. 

VARICO.iITY,  see  Varix. 

VARIC'ULA,  Varix  jiarva.  Diminutive  of 
tutrix.  Also,  a  varicose  swelling  of  the  veins  of 
the  tunica  conjunctiva.  —  M.  A.  Severinus. 

VARI'OLA,  Variola'.,  V.  verm,  Varioli,  Enipy- 
e'xiii  Variola,  Eii2>lilo(/"  ia,  Chatpe,  Pcatis  seu 
Fc.hrln  vari(/lo'»a,  jEulec'tlit/ma,  Small- Pox,  Pox 
(N.  of  Kugland);  from  v((rii(n,  'spotted,'  or  from 
viri,  'pimples;'  (F.)  V'triole,  Petit  Verole,  Pi- 
cole.  A  disease,  now  of  somewhat  less  interest 
than  before  the  discovery  of  vaccination.  It  is 
<if  a  very  contagious  nature,  and  is  supposed  to 
have  been  introduced  into  Europe  from  Asia,  at 
an  early  period  of  the  middle  ages.  It  is  ciiarac- 
terized  by  fever,  with  pustules  appearing  from 
the  tliird  to  the  fifth  day,  and  suppurating  from 
the  eighth  to  the  tenth,  and  it  possesses  all  the 
distinctive  properties  of  the  major  exanthemata. 
It  is  cajtalile  of  being  produced  by  inoculation, 
but  this  iiiociilaled  siiiall-pox  —  Vari'ola  inner'ta 
—  communicates  the  disease  as  readily  through 
the  air  as  the  natural  small-pox,  or  that  received 
without  inoculation. 

Small-pox  is  distinguished  into  two  classes, 
according  to  the  character  of  the  eruption,  the 
(lincrete  or  distinct,  and  the  cotiflnent.  1.  In  Va- 
KIOLA  Dischk'ta,  Empj/esin  variola  discreta.  Va- 
riola diicreta  beiiig'tia,  VariolcB  regulares  sen 
dinc.retee,  Vtntinct  Small-])ox,  the  pustules  are 
usually  of  the  size  of  peas;  distinct,  distended, 
and  I'ircular :  the  intervening  spaces  being  red; 
the  fever  inflammatory  throughout,  and  ceasing 
when  the  eruption  is  complete.  2.  In  Vahiola 
Con'flukns,  Empijexiii  variola  confliieim,  Variola; 
rftpda' res  coii/hiPii'ten.  Venie'iilm  DivcB  liar'harcE, 
Veniciden  de  S<iinte-  liarbe.  Con  fluent  Small-pox, 
the  pustules  are  confluent,  or  run  together;  flac- 
cid and  irregularly  circumscribed ;  the  interven- 
ing spaces  being  pale,  and  the  accompanying 
fever  typhoid.  In  children,  diarrhoea,  and,  in 
adults,  ptyalism,  with  swelling  of  the  hands  and 
feet,  generally  appear,  towards  the  period  of  the 
eec'oiidary  fever,  which  occurs  from  the  tenth  to 
the  thirteenth  day.  The  fever  that  precedes  and 
accompanies  the  eruption  is  called  the  Eruptive 
fever.  The  prognosis  is  favourable  in  the  dis- 
tinct kind,  if  properly  managed.  The  confluent 
is  always  dangerous,  —  the  unfavourable  symp- 
toms being  —  flattening  of  the  pustules,  or  subsi- 
dence of  the  eruption  :  the  breathing  becoming 
much  obstructed  or  oppressed  ;  or  marks  of  in- 
flammatory and  congestive  affections  occurring  in 
the  different  viscera.  The  treatment  of  the  dis- 
tinct kind  is  very  simple  :  the  antiphlogistic  re- 
gimen being  all  that  is  necessary.  The  confluent 
kind  requires  the  same  management  as  typhus 
fever. 

When  the  pimples  are  confluent  in  patches,  the 
patches,  being,  however,  separated  by  intervals 
of  unaffected  skin  :  it  constitutes  the  clustered, 
coherent,  or  corymbose  variety — Vari'ola  corym- 
bo'sa. 


Variola  Amboimknsis,  Frnmbecsia — v.  Corym- 
bosa,  see  Variola — v.  Inserta,  Variohi  (by  iiiocu- 
laticm) — V.  Lymphutica,  Varicella  —  v.  Alitigata, 
Varioloid. 

Vaiu'olA  sine  Vari'olis,  Vari'olmis  Fever. 
These  terms  are  applied  to  cases  occasionally  ob- 
served during  the  prevalence  of  variola,  in  wliich 
the  constitutional  phenomena  are  present  without 
the  cutaneous  eruption. 

Variola  Spuria,  Varicella— v.  Vaccina,  Vac- 
cina—  V.  Vaccinatorum,  Varioloid. 

VARIOL^'E,  Variola — v.  Equiruc,  see  Crease — 
V.  lUegitimae,  Varicella  —  v.  Modificata\  \'ario- 
loid — V.  NothaB,  Varicella — v.  Pucelhe,  Varicella 

—  v.  Sylvestris,  Varicella  —  v.  Tutoriie,  Vaccina 

—  V.  Veraj,  Variola— v.  Volaticiv, 'Niiricelja. 
VARIOLATION,  Inoculation  (Small-pox.) 

VARIOLE,  Variola. 

VARIOLI,  Vari(da. 

VARIOLIQFE,  Variolous. 

VARIOLOID,  Varioloid,  Varioloi'dei,  Vari'. 
ola  modijica'ta  seu  mitiija'tct  seu  vaeeiiialo'riim, 
Vuricel'la  (of  some),  Varicel'ln  Variohiidca, 
from  variola,  small-pox,  and  £ii5o{t  'form,'  —  re- 
seml)ling'  small-pox.  This  is,  really,  small-pox, 
modified  by  previous  inoculation  or  vaccination; 
and  hence  it  has  been  properly  called  modified 
siiiall-jjox.  That  it  is  small-pox  is  proved  by  the 
fact,  that  matter,  taken  from  a  varioloid  pustule, 
will  communicate  sinall-pox  to  one  who  has  never 
been  vaccinated.  It  is,  almost  always,  a  milder 
disease  than  small-pox  ;  and  this  circumstance, 
with  its  shorter  duration,  exhibits  the  salutary 
effects  of  previous  vaccination  or  inoculation.  It 
has  appeared  epidemically. 

Occasionally,  when  varioloid  is  epidemic, rar/o- 
loid  or  varicellar  fever  occurs  without  the  erup- 
tion. This  is  the  varicel'lcB  nine  varicel'li^  of 
Mr.  Erasmus  Wilson,  who  calls  varioloid,  vari- 
cella. 

Varioloid  Fkver,  see  Varioloid. 

VARIOLOIS,  Varioloid. 

VARI'OLOUS,  Variolo'sM,  (F.)  Varioliqne. 
Relating  or  belonging  to  variola. 

VARIQUEUX,  Varicose. 

VARIX,  genitive  varicin,  Plilehenryn'ma,  PJile- 
bec'tuitin,  Uer'nia  seu  Ect<i'nia  rena'rtim,  Aui/iec- 
ta'aia  veno'sa,  Ix'ia,  Cirens,  Cedma,  V((r'ico»e 
Vein,  (F.)  Varice,  is  considered,  by  some,  to 
come  from  the  verb  variare,  '  to  turn,'  '  to  twist,' 
— -on  account  of  the  sinuosities  of  varicose  veins. 
Dilatation  of  a  vein  ;  Varicou'itan,  Varieo&ily. 
Varices  are  owing  to  local  retardation  of  the 
venous  circulation  ;  and,  in  some  cases,  to  relaxa- 
tion of  the  parietes  of  the  veins.  They  are  very 
common  in  the  superficial  veins  of  the  lower 
limbs,  esiJcCially  of  pregnant  females.  The  tu- 
mour or  tumours,  formed  by  varices,  are  soft, 
knotty,  unecjual,  indolent,  and  livid;  without 
pulsation,  and  yielding  readily  to  the  impression 
of  the  finger;  but  returning  as  soon  as  the  com- 
pression is  discontinued.  Sometimes,  the  vein 
bursts  and  gives  rise  to  hemorrhage.  The  treat- 
ment is  usually  palliative,  and  consists  in  exert- 
ing a  uniform  and  constant  pressure  upon  the 
part,  by  means  of  an  ajjpropriate  bandage.  The 
radical  cure  has,  also,  been  obtained  by  extirpa- 
tion, division  of  the  vein,  or  ligature.  The  second 
course  is  apt  to  be  followed  by  phlebitis. 

VAROLI,  BRIDCJE  OF,  Pons  Varolii. 

VARUS,  Acne,  lonthus,  see  Entogonyancon 
and  Kyllosis  —  v.  Mentagra,  Sycosis. 

VAS,  Vessel,  Penis — v.  Deferens  inulieris,  Tuba 
Fallopiana — v.  Urinarium,  Ureter. 

VASA  ABERRAN'tlA.  Peculiar  ramificn- 
tions  of  the  biliary  duct  in  the  liver  are  so  called 
by  E.  H.  Weber.  —  Kolliker. 


VASCOA   AMPLEXICAULIS        9o7 


VEIN 


Vasa  Absorbkntia,  Absorbent  vessels  —  v. 
AfTerentia,  see  Afferent  and  Efferent— v.  CapiUa- 
ri!i,  Capillary  vessels— v.  Cliylifura  seu  Cliylolera, 
Cliylif'eroiis  vessels. 

Yasa  CiiyLoi'oi-iT'rcA  Urimf'era.  Blood- 
vessels, which,  according  to  Lippi,  convey  drinks 
from  the  chyliferous  vessels  to  the  renal  veins. 

Vasa  Kkkkrentia,  see  Efferent — v.  Exhalan- 
ti:i,  Exhulant  vessels — v.  IIydrago;,'a,  Lymphatic 
vessels  —  v.  Inferentia,  see  Afferent  and  Efferent 
— V.  Lactoa,  Chyliferous  vessels.  Lactiferous  ves- 
sels— V.  Meningea,  Meningeal  vessels — v.  Sedalia, 
Jliemorrhoidal  vessels — v.  Lyniphatica,  Lympha- 
tic vessels — v.  Nutrientia,  Vasa  vasorum — v.  Nu- 
tritia,  Vasa  vasorum  —  v.  Recta,  see  Rete  testis 
—  V.  Resorbentia,  Absorbent  vessels,  Lymphatic 
vessels  —  v.  Serosa,  see  Capillary  vessels. 

Vasa  Vaso'rum,  V  nHtrit"ia  seu  nutn'eii'tln. 
Small  vessels  that  supply  larger.  However 
iniiinlely  a  vessel  is  traced,  its  parietes  will  be 
found  supplied  with  blood  for  its  nutrition  by  a 
smaller  vessel. 

Vasa  Voiitico'sa,  (F.)  Vai'snemix  tourhiUon- 
vSn,  Tonrhilliin  vancnlaire.  The  contorted  ves- 
sels which  creep  on  the  choroid  coat  of  the  eye; 
ciliary  veins. 

VASCO'A  AMPLEXICAU'LTS.  A  South  Af- 
rican shrub,  A''f^  Ortl.  Leguminosa;,  the  roots  of 
which  taste  like  liquorice.  They  are  used,  in 
decoction,  in  catarrh  and  phthisis,  and  are  a  good 
substitute  for  liquorice. 

VASCULA  SERPENTINA,  see  Testicle. 

VAS'CULAR,  Vnncnlii'ris,  Vunrido'suK,  Anqei'- 
a!,  (F.)  Viinriildire,  from  van,  vasin,  '  a  vessel,' 
VKOvnlnm,  'a  little  vessel.'  That  which  belongs 
or  relates  to  vessels;  —  arterial,  venous,  or  Ij'in- 
phatic;  but  generally  restricted  to  blood-vessels 
only.  Full  of  vessels.  Bichat  gave  the  name 
Vaseuhir  ni/ntem,  Si/ste'ma  voho' mm,  Haiii'ilaii'- 
li'ca,  to  the  blood- vessels,  and  of  this  he  made 
two  divisions.  L  The  Arterial  sijKfeni,  or  Synlr'm 
of  red  hhiixl,  (F.)  S;/nleiiie  vanrithn're  d  inin/ 
roiirje,  which  commences  with  the  radicles  of  the 
pulmonary  veins;  and  includes  the  pulmonary 
veins,  the  left  cavities  of  the  heart,  and  the  aorta 
with  all  its  ramifications.  The  blood,  in  this 
system,  is  distributed  to  the  general  capillary 
system,  where  it  loses  its  arterial  quality  ami  be- 
comes venous.  2.  The  Vetioim  sf/stem  or  VaKcii- 
lar  si/KteiH  of  black  blood.  (P.)  Sijalime  vitseulaire 
u  sail;/  noir,  carries  the  blood  from  every  part  of 
the  system  to  the  lungs.  It  takes  its  origin  in 
the  general  capillary  system;  continues  in  the 
veins,  right  auricle,  and  ventricle  of  the  heart 
and  the  pulmonary  artery  and  its  branches,  and 
is  finally  lost  in  the  capillary  system  of  the  lungs. 
See  Circulation. 

Vascular  Layer,  see  Tache  emhryoiniaire  — 
V.  Radicals,  Radical  vessels — v.  Substance  of  the 
Kidney,  see  Kidney — v.  System,  see  Vascular — 
V.  System,  intermciliate.  Capillary  system — v. 
System,  peripheral.  Capillary  system — v.  Tumour, 
see  HaMnorrhois. 

VASCULAR'ITY,  Vascular' itaK,  (F.)  VascH- 
larite.  The  state  of  being  vascular,  or  largely 
supplied  with  vessels. 

VASCULUM,  Penis,  Vessel. 

Vas'culum  Aber'hans,  Appendix  to  the  Epi- 
did'i/Diii.  A  small  convoluted  duct,  of  variable 
Icnn^th,  ircncrnlly  connected  with  the  duct  of  the 
epididymis,  immediately  before  the  commence- 
ment of  tlie  vas  deferens. 

V'.l.S'/';.!  SArOXER,  Cup. 

VASTUS.  That  which  is  f««<  or  has  a  great 
extent. 

Vastus  Externus  and  Vastus  Internus  are 


two  considerable,  fleshy  masses,  which  form  part 
of  the  Triceps  cruris. 

VASUM,  Vessel. 

VATER,  AMPULLA  OF,  (F.)  Ampoule  de 
Valer.  An  ampulla  formed  by  the  orifice  of  the 
pancreatic  <iuct  in  the  duodenum. 

Vatkh,  Corimscles  of,  Corpuscles,  Pacinian. 

VATERIA  INDICA,  see  Copal. 

VATICINIUM  CHIKOMA^■TICUM,  Chiro- 
mancy. 

VAULT,  (old  F.  Voidte,)  'a  round  or  turn;' 
from  volrere,  votutum,  '  to  turn  ;'  Foriii.r,  Cam'era, 
(F.)  Vo&te.  A  name  given  by  anatomists  to 
several  parts  which  are  rounded  superiorly  ;  con- 
cave and  arched  inferiorly, — as  the  Vault  of  the 
cranium  or  the  upper  part  of  the  skull, — the  Pa- 
latine vault  or  roof  of  the  mouth,  <fec.,  <tc. 

VAUQUELINE,  Strychnina. 

VliAL  TEA.  This  may  be  made  in  the  same 
manner  as  beef  tea,  by  u,-ing  a  pound  of  fillet  of 
reid,  free  from  fat  and  sliced,  and  a  )iint  and  a 
half  of  boiling  water ;  and  boiling  for  half  an 
hour.  It  may  also  be  made  with  the  same  quan- 
tity of  the  fleshy  part  of  a  knuckle  of  veal. 

VeCOROIA,  Idiotisin. 

VECTIS,  Lever — v.  Elevatorius,  Elevator — v. 
Triploides,  Elevator,  triploid. 

VECTOR  CANAL,  Tube,  Fallopian. 

VEGETAL'ITY,  Vci/etol'itas,  (F.)  Vf<jftalitL 
The  aggregate  of  physiological  phenomena,  which 
exist  alone  in  the  vegetable,  but  are  common  to 
both  plants  and  animals.     See  Aniinality. 

VEGETARIAN,  see  Vegetarianism. 

VEGETA'RIANISM.  Same  etymon  as  Vege- 
tation. A  modern  term,  em|)loyed  to  designate 
the  view,  that  man,  for  his  full  mental  and  cor- 
pcu'eal  development,  ought  to  subsist  on  the 
direct  productions  of  the  vegetable  kingdom,  and 
totally  abstain  from  flesli  and  blood.  An  embracer 
and  practiser  of  this  doctrine  is  called  a-  veijetu- 
rian.^      , 

VLGE  TA  TIF,  Vegetati  ve. 

VEGETA'TION,  Vcf/eta'tio,  'growing  like  a 
plant,' from  vrijeo  or  vitjeo,  'I  flourish.'  A  mor- 
bid production,  which  rises  ns  an  excrescence  on 
the  valves  of  the  heart,  in  syphilis,  Ac.  —  as  the 
Caulillower  excrencence,  Ac.  The  term  is  also 
applied  to  the  fleshy  granulations  or  Hiipemar- 
coses,  which  sometimes  arise  at  the  surf.iees  of 
wounds  or  ulcers. 

VEG"ETATIVE,  Vcjetati'vuH,  (F.)  V^j/fatif, 
same  etymon  as  the  last.  Having  relation  to 
growth  or  nutrition;  hence,  the  retjetatire  or  nu- 
tritive functions. 

Vegetative  Layer,  see  Tache  emhrijonnuire. 

VEtJETATIVUS,  Vegetative. 

VE'lIICLE,  re//iV«/»Hi,  Oche'ma,  Conntit' uens, 
(F.)  Vehicule,  from  vehere,  'to  carry.'  Anything 
which  serves  to  carry;  thus  air  is  the  rthirle  of 
sound  ;  the  arteries  are  the  vehlclen  of  the  blood, 
Ac.  In  Pharmacy,  the  name  vehicle  is  given  to 
any  excii)ient;  or  to  substances  which  serve  as 
the  media  of  administration  for  any  medicine. 

VEHICULE,  Vehicle. 

VEILED  PUFF,  see  Cavernous  respiration. 

VEIN.  Vena,  diminutive  ren'ula,I'hlchs,  Phleps, 
(F.)  Veine.  The  veins  are  vessels  for  the  convey- 
ance of  black  blood  from  every  part  of  the  body 
to  the  heart.  They  are  found  wherever  there  are 
arteries,  and.  altogether,  form  the  venous  system, 
which  may  be  subdivided  into  two  distiisct  se- 
condary systems.  1.  The  General  venous  system, 
which  commences  in  all  the  organs,  by  very  mi- 
nute radicles;  and  terminates  in  the  heart  by  the 
cava  and  the  coronary  vein.     2.  The  Abdominal 


VEINS 


0  5  8 


venous  fyntem,  which  is  limited  to  the  abdomin  il 
cavity;  couiinences,  also,  by  a.  great  number  <if 
branches,  and  terminates  in  the  liver  by  a  single 
trunk,  which  subilivides  in  that  organ.  It  is 
called,  also,  the  Si/xlem  of  the*  Veiitt  I'oita  or  the 
Pdital  Syntem.  tjee  Porta.  The  veins  form  two 
sets,  one  deep-seated.  Venae  stite/'llteD,  V.  co)icom'- 
itCH,  which  accompany  the  arteries ;  the  other  su- 
]>erji('ii(l  or  si(bciit(tiiequ8.  Their  parietes,  which 
are  thinner  than  those  of  the  arteries,  are  com- 
jiosed  of  two  coats;  the  one,  external,  loose,  ex- 
tensible, and  with  parallel,  longitudinal  fibres  — 
the  p  rape  r  me  III  bra  lie  ;  the  other,  the  commim  or 
inner  membrane,  which  is  thin,  polished,  and  has 
numerous  duplicatures  or  folds  forming  parabolic 
valves.  These  valves  are  most  numerous  in  the 
veins  of  the  lower  extremities.  The  coats  of  the 
veins  are  supplied  with  small  arteries  or  vnsa  va- 
sdrnin,  veins,  an<l  lymphatics.  They  have  not  as 
many  nervous  filaments  as  the  arteries.  These 
filaments  are  from  the  great  sympathetic. 


TABLE  OF  THE  VEINS. 

1.   VEINS   WHICH    FORM   THE  SUPERIOR  VEXA   CAVA. 


Receives  the 
1.  Basilic,  formed  of  the 


■s  ^ 


I  1.  Poster 
<  2.  Anter 
(  3.  Media 


1.  Posterior  ulnar, 
crior  ulnar. 
Han  basilio. 


«     ,    ,.     ,       .       ,,     i  1.  Superficial  radial. 
.  Cephalic,  forming  the|  3.  Median  cephalic. 


'P|=  •{  3.  Circiimfiex  veins. 
'  ~  4.  Interior  scapular. 
"  "^      b.  Lonir  thoracic. 

6.  Superior  thoracic. 

7.  Acromial  veins. 


Keoeives  the 


1.  Pterygoid. 

2.  Spheuo-palatine. 

3.  Alveolar. 


1.  Internal    maxilla- ■{  4.  Infra-orbilar. 
ry,  composed  of  the     b.  iMental. 

6.  Inferior  dental. 


2.  Superficial  Tempo- 
ral, composed  of 
the 


•5-! 


7.  Deep  temporal. 

1.  Middle  temporal. 

2.  Anterior  auriculars. 

3.  Transverse  of    the 
face. 

3.  Posterior  Auricular.  The  trunk  then  takes 
the  name  of  External  Juijnlar,  and  in  its 
cnurs^e  along  the  neck,  receives  — 

4.  Cervical  cutaneous. 
.5.  Trachelo-scapular,  &c. 

\  Keceives 

1.  Superior  Cerebral  Veins. 

2.  Veins  of  the  Corpus  Striatum. 

3.  Veins  of  the  Choroid  plexus. 

4.  Superior  Cerebellar  Veins. 

5.  Inferior  Cerebellar  Veins. 

6.  Lateral  and  inferior  Cerebral  Veins. 
f  1.  Lachrymal. 
I  2.  Central  of  the  retina. 

3.  Infraorbitar. 

4.  Ciliary. 
b.  Ethmoidal. 
9.  Palpebral,  and 
7.  Nasal  Veins. 

f  1.  Palpebral,  and 
'1  2.  Superciliary  Vein.s. 
3.  Dorsals  of  tlie  nose. 
8.  Facial  vein,  call-  |  4.  Superior/  Coronaries 
ed  angular,  near  1  f>.  Inferior  |    of  the  lip. 
the  eye,receiviug  I  fi.  Several  liuccal  and 
the  I  7.  Alasseteric  Veins. 

1  8.  lianine. 
I  9.  Submental,  and 
i.10.  Inferior  Palatine. 
9.  Lingual  and  Pharyngeal  Veins. 

10.  Superior  thyroid. 

11.  Ocx!ipital,  and 
[12.  Veins  of  the  Diploe. 

2.  P.ight  Intern.al  Mammary  Vein. 

3.  Inferior  Thyroid  Vein,  opening  into  the  Vena  Cava, 
between  the  two  Subclavians. 


.  OphtlialmicVein, 
composed  of  the 


VELAMENTUM   ABDOMLNALE 


2.    VEINS  WHICH   FORM   THE  INFERIOR  VENA  CAVA. 

f  1.  Femoral 
or  Crural, 
which  is  a, 
conlinua- 
tiou  of  tlie 
2.  Popliteal,  "] 


Receive  tlie 
1.  External 


conmuMio- 


lliacs.form-  ]  ing    by     3. 
ed  by  tbe- 


fl.  Severn! 

1. External     aliil"Miinul 
Saphena     veins, 
and  I  2.  Circum- 

2.  Internal  <    flex  lilac, 
Saphena.  I    and 
which  re-     3.    Kxtcr- 
ceive —         ni\l  pudic 


4.  Vena  Azvgos,  which  receives^  ?/  '"f"  BroDdiial. 
the  (I    Intercostal  Veins. 


1.  Right  Bronchial, 
t'eius. 
Seuji-azygos. 


2.  Internal 
Iliacs  which 
receive 

5  ■'    the  — 
S 

3.  Middle  Saoral  Vein. 

4.  Lumbar  Veins — four  in 
number  ou  each  .-Ide, 
commencing  by  an — 


veins  which 
accomiiaiiy 
the  fibular 
arteries, and 
receiving 
[_the— 

',       ,r     .     ,' ,,  .        f  1.  I)orsal  veins 

1.  A  esical    \  ems.  ' 

commencing  with 
the 

2.  Sacro-lateral 
Veins. 


he   ,., 

of  the  male. 

2.  Veins  of  the 

clitoris,      iu 

the  female. 


5.     Spermatic     Veins, 
commencing  with  the 


1.  Alxlominal    branch. 

2.  Dorsal  branch. 


1.  Spermatic  plexus  in 
the  male. 

2.  Those  of  the  Ovarium, 
B'allopian  tube,  &c.  in 
the  female. 


1.  Splenic  Vein. 


6.  Renal  A'eins. 

7.  Capsular  and  Adipose  Veins. 

8.  Hepatic  Veins. 

9.  Middle,     I 
10.  Left,  and  >  Hepatic  Veins. 

I  11.  Right       J 

l_12.  Inferior  Diaphragmatic  Vein.s,  two  in  number. 

3.    VEINS  OF  THE  HEART. 

1.  Great  right  Coronary. 

2.  Small  right  Coronary. 

3.  Left  Coronary  Veins. 

4.   VEINS  WHICH  FORM  THE  VENA  PORTA. 
Receives  the 

1.  Veins   which   correspond    to    the 
vasa  brevla. 

2.  Right  and  left  gastro-epiploic. 

3.  Duodenal,  and 

4.  Pancreatic  veins. 
b.  Coronary  Vein  of  the  Stomach,  and 

[  6.  Small  mesenteric  vein. 
2.  Superior  Mesenteric  Vein. 

Vein,  Buonchial,  Lkft,  see  Azygos — v.  Dcmi- 
azygous,  see  Azygos — v.  Frontal,  see  Facial  vein 
— v.  Seini-azygous,  see  Azj'gos  (vena) — v.  Supe- 
rior intercostal,  left,  see  Azygos  —  v.  Tibio-mal- 
leolar,  Saphena,  great  —  v.  Palato-lahial,  Facial 
vein — V.  Peroneo  malleolar,  Saphena  minor  —  v. 
Varicose,  Varix. 

VEINE,  Vein — v.  Cove,  Cava  vena — v.  CfpJia- 
liqne.  Jugular  vein,  internal  —  v.  Cephah'que  dn 
police.  Cephalic  vein  of  the  thumb — r.  Cnljilnfe 
cntanee,  Basilic  vein — v.  Fessiere,  Gluteal  vein  — 
V.  de  Medine,  Dracunculus  —  v.  Parte,  Porta  vena 
—  V.  PrHomho-thornciqiie,  Azygos,  (vena) — v. 
Pr^pitrate,  Facial  vein  —  v.  Rndiale  ciilanie.  Ce- 
phalic vein — V.  Smm  pane,  Azygos,  vein — v.  Tru- 
chehi-Honii-c.ntaiiee,  Jugular  vein,  external. 

VEfNES  ARTEHIELLES,  Arterial  veins  — 
V.  Ciliairen,  Ciliary  veins — v.  Sonnrlnriires.Suh- 
clavian  veins— r.  Sni-hepatiqueii,  Hepatic  veins. 

VEINEUX.  Venous. 

VEINS,  CORONARY,  Cardiac  veins— v.  Intra- 
lobular, Hepatic  veins — v.  Supra-hepatic,  Hepatic 
veins. 

VEINSTONE.  Phlebolite. 

VEIN  CLE.  Vennla. 

VEJUCO  DE  MA  VACURE,  see  Curare. 

VELAMEN  NATIVU.M,  Integument. 

VELAMENTA  BO.MliYCINA,  Villous  mem- 
branes —  V.  Cerebrsilia,  Meninges  —  v.  Infantis, 
Metnbrane.s  of  the  fojtns. 

VELAMENTUM  ABDOMINALE,  Perito- 
naeum—  V.  Corporis  commune.  Integument  —  v. 
Linguae,  fllosso-epiglottic  ligament — v.  Nativuui, 
Integument. 


VfiLAR 


959 


VENOUS 


VELAR,  ErvHirnuin. 
VEI.MCATioX,  Tic. 
VKLO.SYiN'THESLS,  Staphylorrai)]iy. 
VELUM,  'a  veil,  a  cover,'  Velum    pendulum 
palati  — V.  Apophjsi  verinifoniii  oliteuUlin,  Val- 
vula  Vifussenii  —  v.  Interjcctum   cercbelli,  Viil- 
vula  Vieuiisenii  —  v.  Mfdulhire  auticuui,  Vulvula 
Vieussenii. 

Vkmim  Mkdulla're  Inferius,  (F.)  Voile  mi- 
diill'iire  iii/frieiir.  A  nauie  given,  by  Reil,  to 
the  inediiliary  band  or  strip,  by  which  the  cere- 
bellum coniiuuiiic-ate.H  witii  llie  medulla. 

Vki.km  Mkdulla'rk  Poste'khis  seu  PosTi'cirs 
scu  Skmiluna'ke,  Vdlnu'lu  Tdi-i'in.  The  i^mall 
pii.iterior  valve  of  the  cerebellum;  a  thin  medul- 
lary plate,  Kituate  between  the  medulla  oblongata 
and  vi'ni\i.><  inferior,  in  front  of  the  nodulus. 

Vi:i,iiM  Palati,  Velum  pendulum  palati  —  v. 
Palaiiiiuin,  Velum  pendulum  palati. 

Velum  Pen'dulcim  Pai,a'ti,  '  Pendulous  veil 
of  the  palate.'  Ve/inn,  V.  I^ahiti' inim  seu  Palali 
Fell  Pin' (liiliim  seu  St'ij/ln/ll' mini,  f'li/ii'liiiii  peii'- 
diilnm  seu  iiiolle  seu  mob' He,  Peii'<lii/i(ni  seu  C/iiiih- 
tiiim  Pnliiti,  Piilatinn  Jlolle,  Soft  P<i/iitc,  (F.) 
Sfpfiiiii  Stiij>hi)lin  (Ch.),  Voile  tin  PiiIiiih.  A 
movable,  soft,  and  broad  septum,  attac-hed  to  the 
posterior  extremity  of  the  palatine  arch,  and  se- 
pariiting  the  mcmth  from  the  jdiaryn-x.  Its  form 
is  nearly  quadrilateral.  Its  (oiterior  mir/uce  cor- 
responds to  the  mouth  ;  the  posterior  to  the  pha- 
ryu.K.  Its  Hiiperior  edije  is  fixed  to  the  palatine 
arch  ;  the  inferior  is  free,  fioatinir,  and  has  an  ap- 
pendix at  its  middle  —  the  nvitlit.  The  lateral 
margins  of  the  velum  are  liebl  down  by  two  folds, 
separated  from  each  other  by  a  triangular  space; 
these  are  called  the  pil/urs ;  the  anterior  passes 
to  the  base  of  the  tongue,  the  posterior  to  the 
sides  of  the  pharynx.  The  velum  j)alati  is  formed 
of  a  mucous  coat,  which  contains  numerous  folli- 
cles, and  of  a  muscular  stratum,  in  which  are  the 
peristaphylini  interni  and  p.  externi  muscles,  the 
glosso-staphylini,  the  iiijaryngo-stapliylini  and 
the  p.ilato-staphylinus.  The  arteries  of  the  veltiiu 
paliiti  are  furnished  by  the  internal  maxillary, 
the  labial  and  the  superior  pharyngeal.  Its  veins 
open  into  the  internal  jugular.  Its  nerves  are 
sent  olV  from  the  ganglion  of  Meckel,  and  come 
from  the  palatine  branches.  The  glosso-pharyn- 
geal  nerve,  likewise,  sends  it  some  filaments. 

Vemim  Staphylinum,  Velum  pendulum  palati 
— V.  Vicussenii,  Valvula  Vieupsenii. 

VELVET  LE.\F,  Abutilon  Avicennse,  Pareira. 

VENA,  Vein,  Penis— v.  .\lba  renum,  Ureter — 
V.  Alba  thoracis.  Thoracic  duct — v.  Apoplectica, 
Jugular  vein,  internal — v.  Arteriosa,  Porta  vena, 
Pulmonary  artery — v.  Capitis,  Cephalic  vein — v. 
Cava,  Cava  vena — v.  Cubiti  interior.  Basilic  vein 
— V.  Demiazygos,  see  Azygos- — v.  Falcis  cerebri. 
Sinus  longitudinalis  inferior — v.  Hemiazyga,  see 
Azygos  —  V.  Lactea,  Porta  vena  —  v.  Lienalis, 
Splenic  vein — v.  Magna,  Porta  vena — v.  Medina 
Arabum,  Dracunculus  —  v.  Medinensis,  Dracun- 
culus  —  v.  Ostiaria,  Porta  vena  — v.  Pari  earens, 
Azygos,  (vena)  —  v.  Portalis,  Porta  vena  — 
V.  Porta  ruin.  Porta  vena — v.  ad  Portas,  Porta 
vena — v.  qure  ad  Portas  est,  Porta  vena — v.  Ra- 
lualis,  Porta  vena —  v.  sine  Pari,  Azygos,  (vena) 
^v.  Splenica,  Splenic  vein — v.  Steleehiiea.  Porta 
Venn— V.  Subalaris,  Vena  axillaris — v.  Termina- 
lis,  CircuUis  venosus. 

VEX/E  APOPLECTIC>E,  Jugular  veins 


Cavas  hejititis.  Hepatic  veins — v.  Centrales,  Intra- 
lobular veins — v.  Concomites,  see  Vein  —  v.  Ga- 
leui.  Choroid,  (veins) — v.  Innnminata;,  see  Inno- 
ininatum  —  v.  Iiitrnlobuliires,  Intralobular  veins 

V.  LactejB,   Chyliferous  vessels  — v.  Lymphnti- 

CiB.  Lymphatic  vessels  —  v.  Micantes.  (arteries,) 
see"  Artery— V.  Pulsatiles,  (arteries,)  sec  Artery— 


v.  Satellites,  see    Vein  —  v.  Soporales,    Jugular 
veins— V.  SphaL'ili<le.s  Jugular  veins. 

VEX^ESECTK),  see  lilood-letling— v.  Rcvul- 
soria,  see  Blooillelling. 

VEX^E  VORTICO'S/E.  The  veins  wliich  ).rin- 
cipally  form  the  external  or  venous  layer  <>(  the 
choroid  coat  of  the  eye:  so  called  from  ibeir  )ie- 
euliar  arrangement;  from  veilex  seu  voileu-,  "a 
whirlpo(d.' 

VENAL.  Venous. 

VEXKFH'IUM.  P(,isoning. 

VEXEXATIOX,  Puison.  Poisoning,  Venom. 

VEX  ENA'J'U.S,  Venomous. 

VlhSKNEVX,  Poisonous. 

VEX  KXO,<E,  Venomous. 

VKXEXUM,  Poi>on.  Venom. 

VEXE'REAL.  Ve„e're„„,  ApJirocliHicri,.',.  Ve- 
ve'renii,  (F.)  Vt'iierieii,  friiui  Veiiiig,  vriieiig,  '  the 
goddess  of  pleasure.'  That  which  relates  to  the 
pleasures  of  love.  In  a  more  restricted  sense,  the 
word  venereal — as  well  as  nphroilitic — is  synony- 
mous with  Hijphililir,  and  also  with  t:i/pliilis. 
Some  authors  liave  proposed  that  those  diseases 
should  be  called  venereal  which  are  produced  by 
excess  in  venery;  and  that  m/philitic  should  be 
limited  to  those  which  are  the  result  of  iiii|)ure 
connexion.  It  is,  also,  used  in  the  same  scn.-c  as 
aphrodisiac, — adapted  to  excite  venereal  desire. 

Venekeal  De.siue,  Liliido  —  v.  IJi.-case,  Sy- 
philis. 

VKNERfEN,  Venereal.  This  term.  also, 
means  one  labouring  under  syphilis;  as  Ilopittd 
den  rfnerleiiH. 

VENERlVAtniS,  Libidinous. 

VEN'ERY.  Same  etymon.  The  pleasures  of 
love.     Sexual  communication.     Coition. 

VENESECTION,  see  Blood-letting. 

VEN IM Ei'X,  Venomous. 

VENIN,  Venom. 

VEXOM,  Vene'nxim,  To.r'iciim,  Venenrt'lioii, 
(F.)  Vcnin.  A  jioisonous  fluid  secreted  by  certain 
animals,  as  the  viper,  in  a  state  of  health,  and 
which  they  preserve  in  a  particular  reservoir,  to 
use  as  a  means  of  attack  or  defence.  It  differs, 
according  to  some,  from  ririin,  as  the  latter  is 
always  the  result  of  a  morbid  process,  wlii(di  may 
be  produced  by  the  individuals  who  receive  it,  in 
their  turn,  and  be  transmitted  to  others. 

Venom,  Qi'icke.nino,  Sperm — v.  Vital,  Sperm. 

VEN'OMOUS,  Venena'luK.  Veii'enose,  (F.)  Ve- 
niweiir.  An  epithet  applied  to  animals  wbi(h 
have  a  secretion  of  venom,  as  the  viper,  raltle- 
snake,  Ac,  as  well  as  to  the  venom  itself:  and, 
by  some,  to  liquids  in  the  animal  body,  which 
have  been  so  perverted  by  previous  disease,  that 
their  contact  occasions  serious  mischief  in  si-und 
individuals  ;  as  ha]ipens  in  hydrophobia.  Virus 
is  more  cummonly  used  in  this  case. 

VEXOSITAS,  Venosity  —  v.  Sanguinis,  Pra»- 
dominium  sanguinis  venosi. 

VENOS'ITY,  VenoK'lton,  Ve'noiitneKK,  Venous 
xtrite  or  vnchejc'io,  MihiiKp'niid,  Meltiiio'i>iH  riii- 
vernn'llx,  from  renii,  'a  vein,'  A  condition  in 
which,  it  has  been  supposed,  the  blood  is  moved 
slowly;  is  more  venous  :  and  the  venous  blood 
itself  in  greater  quantity.  This  state  is  said  to 
be  chiefly  observed  in  heniorrhoids,  gout,  hypo- 
chondriasis, melanchidia,  <tc. — Puchelt. 

VEXOUS,  Venol,  Veno'im,  (^.)  Veiii'iut. 
Same  etyition.  Appertaining  to  a  vein,  or  to  the 
blood  of  the  veins  ;  as  venona  cachexia,  venous 
pulse. 

VENors  CAriiE.xiA.  Venosity  — v.  Hum.  Dmit 
de  Dliihle — v.  State,  Venosity  —  v.  Syslcni,  se* 
Vascular — v.  System,  ab.lominal.  Porta  vena. 

Venoi-s  System  ok  Jacobsox.  A  system  of 
vessels  in  the  three  classes  of  vertebrated  ani- 
mals other  than   the   mammalia,  which  forms  a 


VENOUSNESS 


9  0  0       VEXTRIC  ULES  D  U  CER  VE.  1  U 


coniiTinniention  between  the  vena  porta  anJ  the 
vciiii  cavii. 

Vi:XOUSNESS,  Venosity. 

VEST.  Win<l. 

VEXTEIl,  Abdomen,  Belly,  Uterus.  In  law, 
venter  designates  the  maternal  parentage  of  ehil- 
dren.  Thus,  if  A  were  B's  child  by  iiis  first  wife, 
he  w(>uld  be  described  in  law  as  "by  the  first 
venter."  "A  died  seised,  leaving  two  infant 
dani^hters  by  different  veiilem." 

Vknteii  Imcs,  Abdomen,  llypogastriuni,  Nei- 
a>rii  —  V.  Tiiferius,  Abdomen  —  v.  Infimus,  Abdo- 
men—v.  Magnus,  Ingluvies — v.  Medius,  Thorax 
— V.  Parvus,  Hypogastrium — v.  Pr(i])endens,  Hys- 
tcroloxia  anlerii>r — v.  Renum,  Pelvis  of  the  kid- 
ney— V.  Snprenius,  Cavum  cranii. 

VliXTEUX,  Windy. 

VEXTILA'TION,  Ventila'tio,  from  veiitns, 
'wind,'  veiitiiliit,  'a  little  wind.'  The  act  of  re- 
newing the  air  of  vessels,  hospitals,  and  apart- 
ments, or  of  situations  where  many  people  are 
collected  together.  The  utility  of  such  renewal 
must  be  evident,  when  it  is  considered  that  atmo- 
spheric air  loses  its  oxygen  during  respiration, 
and  that  carbonic  acid  supplies  its  place.  Stag- 
nant air,  also,  becomes  loaded  with  numerous 
impurities:  and  hence  one  of  the  greatest  hyg- 
ienic improvements,  of  modern  times,  has  been  a 
proper  attention  to  circulation  of  air.  It  is, 
moreover,  one  of  the  most  valuable  additions 
to  our  stock  of  therapeutical  agencies  in  many 
diseases. 

Instruments  used  for  the  purpose  of  renewing 
the  !\\r,  in  ships,  apartments,  <fec.,  have  been 
called  veiitllatDrs. 

VEXrOSITE,  Flatulence. 

VENTOSITY,  Flatulence.  ^ 

VEXTOUSES  SCARIFIEES,  Cupping  with 
the  scarificator. 

VEXTOUSES  SECHES,  Cupping,  dry. 

VEXTKAL,  from  venter,  'the  belly.'  Abdo- 
minal. 

Vkntral  IIkk'nta,  Her'vifi  ventra'Hs.  Direct 
hernia  octcurring  in  any  part  of  the  abdomen.  It 
is  most  frequently  found  between  the  recti  mus- 
cles. 

VENTRALE,  'an  apron,'  Belt  (Russian.) 

Vkntkai.S  Cuta'neum,  '  Cutaneous  apron.'  (F.) 
T'iblier.  An  elongation  of  the  nymphaj  in  the 
Bosjesinan  female,  which  hangs  down  before  the 
vulva  like  an  apron. 

VEXTRE,  Abdomen  —  v.  In/eriew,  Abdomen 
— v.  RfsiHerre,  Constipation. 

VENTRE  INSPICIENDO  DE,  see  De  ventre 
inspicicudo. 

VEN'TRICLB,  Ventrh'ulns,  diminutive  of 
venter,  'belly.'  (F.)  Ventricule.  Literally,  a 
little  bcJI>/.  A  name  given,  in  anatomy,  to  vari- 
ous {)arts. 

Ventricle  of  Aran'tios.  A  small  cavity, 
lined  with  gray  substance,  at  the  point  of  the 
calamus  scriptorius. 

Ve.ntricles  of  the  Brain,  Ventric'idi  seu  Ca- 
vit't'tes  seu  Sinus  Cer'ebri,  (F.)  Ventriciilea  du 
cervean,  are  five  cavities  in  the  interior  of  that 
(iro-an,  which  are  distinguished  into  the  lateral 
rentrielen,  middle  ventricle,  fourth  ventricle  or 
ventricle  of  the  cerebellum,  and  ffth  ventricle. 
The  middle  ventricle  or  third  ventricle,  (F.)  Ven- 
tricule ninyen  du  eernenu,  is  situate  in  front  of  the 
j.ineal  gland.  It  is  bounded,  above,  by  the  tela 
dioroidea  and  the  fornix  ;  below,  by  a  portion  of 
cerebral  substance,  which  separates  it  from  the 
base  of  the  cranium;  laterall;/,  by  the  thalami 
liervorutn  opticorum  ;  niiteriorli/,  by  a  medullary 
cord,  called  the  anterior  coinniinnure ;  and,  poste- 
riorly, by  another  medullary  cord,  called  the  pon- 
terior   commii»ure.     It   communicates   with    the 


lateral  ventricles  by  two  openings,  sitniitc  behind 
the  anterior  jiillar  or  orus  of  tlie  fornix.  The 
Latcrid  vi'ulriclcH,  Ventric'uli  Itilera'/ei  seu  ningni 
seu  inajo'reH  seu  jirio'res  seu  Hujierio'res  seu  Iri- 
cor'ncK.  (F.)  Ventriculei  latiranx,  are  two  in  num- 
ber. They  are  large,  and,  owing  to  their  e<uisi- 
derable  curvature,  occupy  a  great  part  of  tlie 
cerebral  centre.  They  are  bounded,  nlmre,  by 
the  inferior  surface  of  the  corpus  callosum  ;  iniie- 
riorly,  by  the  curved  portion  of  the  same  body; 
poKleriorly,  by  a  considerable  mass  of  cerebral 
substance;  and,  internally,  they  are  separated 
from  each  other  by  the  se|)tum  of  the  ventricles, 

—  a  medulbir}'  plate,  which  is  given  ofl'  from  tbo 
lower  part  of  the  corpus  callosum.  The  lateral 
ventricles  have,  in  their  upper  and  anterior  por- 
tion, the  Corpora  striata,  Thalami  optici,  and 
Tallin  seniicircidaris :  —  their  inferior  portion 
contains  the  corpus  Jiinhriatum,  cornu  Ainiuonis, 
<tc.  Each  of  the  ventricles  has  a  boily  or  centre 
— cella  me'dia — and  horns,  cornua.  The  Fourth 
ventricle,  Venlricnliis  cerebelli  seu  qnartns  seu 
Aran'tii,  Sinus  rhoinboi'deus,  (F.)  Qualrieiiie  reii- 
triciile,  is  situate  beneath  the  aqueduct  of  Sylvius, 
by  which  it  communicates  with  the  third  ventri- 
cle. It  extends  from  this  aqueduct  to  the  upper 
part  of  the  medulla;  and  is  seated  in  the  sub- 
stance of  the  tuber  annulare.  The  Fifth  ventri- 
cle, Ventric'iilus  septi  pellu'cidi,  Incisii'ra  sejiti, 
(F.)  Cinquieine  ventricule,  is  the  small  serous 
cavity  between  the  lamina;  of  the  septum  hicidum  ; 
called,  also,  Sinus  of  the  septum  lu'ciduiii,  S.  if 
the  median  septum  (Ch.). 

Ventrici.es  op  the  Heart,  Ventric'uli  cordis, 
Speciis  cordis,  (F.)  Ventricules  du  cwnr,  are  two 
in  nuu)ber.  The  Rii/ht  ventricle,  Pulinonary  ven- 
tricle, Ventric'iilus  anterior  seu  primus  seu  pvl- 
mona'lis,  (F.)  Ventricule  droit  ou  pulmomiire,  is 
situate  at  the  fore-part  of  the  heart,  the  base  and 
apex  corresponding  to  those  of  the  heart.  In  it 
are  seen  \h<iColiiinncB  camece  and  Cordce  tendinece. 
The  right  ventricle  communicates  with  the  right 
auricle  by  the  Ostium  venosum,  and  from  it  the 
Pulmonary  artery  arises.  Around  the  auricular 
orifice  is  a  tendinous  margin  or  ring,  from  which 
the  tricuspid  valve  is  given  oft".  The  use  of  the 
ventricle  is  to  send  the  blood,  by  its  contraction, 
along  the  pulmonarj'  artery  to  the  lungs.  The 
Left  ventricle,  Ventric'iilus  aor'ticiis  seu  posterior 
seu  secundus,  (F.)  Ventricule  yauche  ou  aortiqiie, 
is  situate  at  the  posterior  and  left  i)art  of  the 
heart.  Its  parietes  are  much  thicker  and  stronger 
than  those  of  the  right,  owing  to  its  having  to 
send  the  blood  over  the  whole  system.  The  inner 
surface  has  the  same  general  appearance  as  that 
of  the  right.  The  Columned  ciirne<r.  and  Cordm 
tendinecB  are,  however,  much  stronger.  It  com- 
municates with  the  left  auricle  by  means  of  the 
Mitral  valve;  and  from  it  proceeds  the  largest 
blood-vessel  of  tlie  body  —  the  aorta. 

Ventricles  of  the  Larynx,  Ventrlr'uli  seu 
Sac'culi  laryuije'i,  Ventric'idi  J/oryiii/ir  ii.  Sinuses 
of  the  larynx,  (F.)  Ventricules  ou  Sinus  du  larynx, 
are  two  depressions  in  the  larynx,  eoui|irised  be- 
tween the  superior  and  inferior  ligaments. 

Ventricle,  Pulmonary,  V.  right. 

VENTRICULAR,  Ventriculn'ris,  (F.)  Ventri- 
culaire.  Same  etymon  as  Ventricle.  Relating 
to  a  ventricle. 

VEXTRICULE,  Ventricule. 

VEXTRICULE  AORTlQUE,\(;niru-\o.  left 

—  V.  Cinquieine,  Ventricle,  fifth  —  v.  Droit,  Ven- 
tricle, right — V.  Gauche,  Ventricle,  left — v.  Moyen 
du  Cervean,  Ventricle,  middle,  of  the  brain — v. 
Pidmonaire,  Ventricle,  right — v.  Qnatrieme,  Ven- 
tricle, fourth. 

VEXTRICULES  I)U  CERVEAU,  Ventri- 
cles  of  the  brain  —  v.  du  Ccrur,  Ventricles  of  the 
heart  —  i'.  Lateraux,  Ventricles,  lateral. 


VENTRICULI   CORDIS 


9  01 


YERATRUM   VIRIDE 


VENTRICULI  CORDIS,  Ventricles  of  the 
hc:irt  — V.  Biliitiitio,  (iiistrectiisis  — v.  Dissolutio, 
Giistro-malacia— V.  Durae  tnatris,  Sinu-ses  of  the 
•dura  milter  — V.  Emollitio,  Gastro-malaeia  — v. 
Exulceratio,  Gastrelcosis  —  v.  Fluxus,  Gastror- 
rha'a — v.  Iiiflauiiiiatio,  Gastritis  —  v.  Laryngei, 
Ventricles  of  the  larynx — v.  Laterales,  see  Ven- 
tri(•le^i,  lateral,  of  the  hrain  —  v.  Magni,  Ventri- 
cles, lateral,  of  the  brain — v.  Majores,  Ventricles, 
lateral — v.  Metamorphosis  gelatiniformis,  Gastro- 
malaeia —  V.  iMorgagnii,  Ventricles  of  the  larynx 
—  V.  Perforatio,  Gastro-brosis  —  v.  Priores,  Ven- 
tricles, lateral  —  v.  Pseuilophlogosis  resolutiva  et 
coliicinativa,  Gastro-inalacia — v.  Superiores,  Ven- 
tricles, lateral  —  v.  Tricornes,  Ventricles,  lateral 
— V.  Uloeratio,  Gastreleosis. 

VENTRICULUS.  Stomach,  Ventricle— v.  An- 
terior, Ventricle,  right  —  v.  Aorticus,  Ventricle, 
left — V.  Arantii,  see  Ventricles  of  the  brain. 

Ventiiicui.us  Callo'sus,  'Callous  stomach.' 
The  yizziiid  or  third  stomach  of  the  gallinaceous 
bird.  {V.)  Geaier.  It  consists  of  a  double-bellied 
or  ditjdHtiic  muscle ;  is  lined  by  a  firm  cuticle, 
and  forms  a  kind  of  pouch,  depending  from  the 
alimentary  tube,  in  which  the  second  stomach 
terminates,  and  from  which  the  duodenum  or 
Ventriciihis  /nicceutniid'tuH  issues.  In  the  inte- 
rior of  the  gizzard  there  are  numerous  pebbles, 
which  seem  to  bo  destined  to  aid  in  the  tritura- 
tion of  the  food.  The  gizzard  is  an  organ  of 
mastication,  and  is  possessed  of  great  muscular 
power. 

Vkntriculus  Cbrrbklli,  see  Ventricles  of  the 
brain  —  v.  Intestinalis,  Abomasus  —  v.  Posterior, 
Ventricle,  left  —  v.  Primus.  Ventricle,  right  —  v. 
Pulmonalis,  Ventricle,  right  —  v.  Quartus,  see 
Ventricles  of  the  brain  —  v.  Secundus,  Ventricle, 
left  —  V.  Septi  Pellueidi,  see  Ventricles  of  the 
brain — v.  Succenturiatus,  Duodenum. 

VENTItIL 0 Q (fl-J.  Engastrimy thos. 

VKNTRlLOtniISM,  see  Engnstrimyth. 

VKNTRILOQU  1ST,  Engastrimyth. 

VENTRILOQUY,  see  Engastrimyth. 

VENTRIOSUS,  Abdominous. 

VENTRI POTENT,  Abdominous. 

VENTRO.^ITAS,  Physconia. 

VENTROriUS,  Abdominous. 

VLWTS.  Flatulence. 

VKNTUS,  Wind. 

VEN'ULA,  t'hhbion,  diminutive  of  Vena.  See 
Vein.  (F.)  Vpinnle.  A  small  vein.  Hippocrates 
seems  to  use  it  in  the  same  sense  as  Arteria. 

VENUL^E  CENTRALES,  Intralobular  veins 
— V.  Intralobulares,  Intralobular  veins. 

VENUS,  Clitoris,  Coition,  Cuprum — v.  Crystals 
of,  Cupri  subacetas  —  v.  Gnjutuux  de,  Cupri  sub- 
acetas. 

VER  CUCURBlTm.  Taenia  solium  — v.  Cu- 
tnni.  Dracunculus  —  v.  Fihtire,  Dracunculus  — t). 
rfe  Giiinec,  Dracunculus — v.  Ltiis'iiit,  Cicindcla — 
V.  de  Medine,  Dracunculus — v.  Solitaire,  Bothrio- 
cephalus  latus,  Taenia  solium. 

VERATRIA,  Veratrina. 

VERATRI'NA,  Vera'tria,  Ver'ntritie ;  from 
veratnim.  A  vegetable  alkali,  found  in  the  seeds 
of  Vcrn'lriim  suhtidil'ln,  V.  nfficiiin'le,  Helo'iiias 
offictna'lls,  and  AmHp-cp'n  o/jiciiia'lin,  which  are 
known  in  commerce  under  the  names  CehadlWa, 
CevadiU'n,  and  Sabndill'a,  and  are  imported 
from  Mexico.  They  usually  occur,  in  commerce, 
mixed  wiih  the  fruit  of  the  plant,  are  t>yo  or  three 
lines  long,  of  a  black  colour,  and  are  shining,  flat, 
shrivelled,  winged,  and  elastic  seeds.  Veratriiie 
is  solid,  white,  pulverulent,  and  inodorous;  of  a 
very  acrid  tasto;  decomposable  by  heat;  very 
soluble  in  water,  and  soluble  in  alcohol.  When 
prepared  in  the  usual  manner,  it  still  contains 
other  substances,— ^'(f'«"'''V/«.  Ver'ntrin,  gum 
resin  of  the  sabadilla,  and  black  greasy  matter. 
61 


It  is  extremely  poisonous,  and  but  little  used 
internally  in  medicine.  Magendie  gave  it  as 
an  emetic  and  drastic  in  very  small  doses.  It 
has  been  recommended  to  be  applied  in  the  way 
of  friction,  or  endermically,  (from  gr.  v  to  xx  to 
3J  of  lard  or  cerate,)  in  various  neuralgic  affec- 
tions. The  following  is  the  formula  for  its  pre- 
paration in  the  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  United 
States:  —  Take  of  ceradi/ia,  thij  ;  alcoh<il,  2  gal- 
lons ;  sulphuric  acid,  sulntion  of  ammonia,  pvrified 
animal  charcoal,  and  magnesia,  each  a  sufficient 
quantity.  Boil  the  cevadilla  in  a  gallon  of  the 
alcohol,  in  a  retort  with  a  receiver  attached,  for 
an  hour,  and  pour  off  the  liquor.  To  the  resi<liie 
add  another  gallon  of  the  alcohol,  together  with 
the  portion  recently  distilled ;  again  boil  for  an 
hour,  and  pour  off  the  liquor.  Repeat  the  boiling 
a  third  time  with  the  remaining  alcohol,  and 
with  that  distilled  in  the  previous  operation. 
Press  the  cevadilla,  mix  and  strain  the  liquors, 
and,  by  means  of  a  water-bath,  distil  off  the  alco- 
hol. I3oil  the  residue  three  or  four  times  in 
water  acidulated  with  sulphuric  acid,  mix  and 
strain  the  liquors,  and  evaporate  to  the  consist- 
ence of  syrup.  Add  magnesia  in  slight  excess, 
shake  the  mixture  frequently,  then  express  and 
wash  what  remains.  Repeat  the  expression  and 
washing  two  or  three  times,  and  having  dried  the 
residue,  digest  it  with  a  gentle  heat  several  times 
in  alcohol,  and  strain  after  each  digestion.  Distil 
off  the  alcohol  from  the  mixed  li(|uor,'*boil  the 
residue  for  fifteen  minutes  in  water  with  a  little 
sulphuric  acid  and  purified  animal  chiircoal,  and 
strain.  Having  thoroughly  washed  what  remains, 
mix  the  washings  with  the  strained  liquor,  eva- 
porate with  a  moderate  heat  to  the  consistence 
of  syrup,  and  then  drop  in  as  much  solution  of 
ammonia  as  may  be  necessary  to  precipitate  the 
veratria.  Lastly,  separate  and  dry  the  preci])i- 
tate.     See  Colchicum  autumnale. 

VERATR I N E.  Veratrina. 

Vehathink;,  Si'Lphate  of,  Vera'trice  sulphas, 
(F.)  Sulfate  de  Veralrine,  possesses  the  same  vir- 
tues as  veratrine.  A  solution  of  one  grain  in  two 
ounces  of  distilled  water  has  been  suggested  as  a 
substitute  for  the  Eaii  mediciiiale  d'lliasini  —  a 
celebrated  gout  remedy — in  the  dose  of  f^j  to 
f^ij. 

VERA'TRUM  ALBUM,  (vere  alrum,  'truly 
black,'  from  the  colour  of  the  roots  [?]  ).  I/el- 
teh'oriis  athiis,  Ethh'ornm  album,  EUeborus  albus, 
Cherbdchem,  White  hellebore,  LaiKjwort,  (F.)  Hel- 
lebore blaiic.  Sex.  Si/xt.  Polygamia  Monoecia. 
iXat.  Ord.  MelanthacciB  (Lindley).  The  root  or 
rhizoma  of  this  common  European  plant  is  in- 
debted to  the  veratrine  for  its  properties.  It  is 
inodorous  ;  has  a  bitterish,  acrid,  nauseous  taste, 
and  is  violently  emetic  and  purgative,  even  when 
applied  to  an  ulcerated  surface.  It  is,  also,  pos- 
sessed of  errhine  properties,  and  acts,  externally, 
as  a  stimulant.  It  is  rarely  exhibited  internally. 
Sometimes  it  is  given  as  a  sneezing  pmcdcr  ;  but 
it  operates  with  great  violence.  It  forms,  also, 
an  itch  ointment.     Sec  Ung.  Veratri. 

Veuatrum  LL'TEt:M,  Chama?lirium  luteum. 

VeRATRUM  SaBADIL'la,  Sabadilla,  Sabatilla. 
Canis  Interfec'tor,  Cans'ticum  America'nnm,  Ceva- 
dil'la  Hispano'rum,  Sevadilla,  Hor'deum  caus'ti- 
cnm,  (F.)  Cevadille.  The  seeds  of  this  plant, 
Sabadilla,  Cevadilla  (Ph.  U.  S.).  have  been  used, 
mostly  as  anthelmintics.  Dose.  gr.  ij  to  a  child 
four  years  old.  It  possesses  the  same  general 
properties  as  the  veratrum  album. 

VEUATRim  \ir'\DV.. American  Hellebore. Siramp 
hellebore,  Indian  poke,  Indian  i'ncas,  Pid:e  weed. 
Bear  weed.  Itch  iceed.  Tickle  weed.  Earth  gall, 
Devilbit,  ^Yolfbane,  Puppet  root,  is  indigenous  in 
the  swampv  districts  of  almost  every  part  of  tho 
United  States.     Its  properties  are  like  those  of 


VEREASCULUM 


902 


VERONICA 


the  genus.  It  has  been  brought  forward,  how- 
ever, in  recent  times,  in  the  Southern  States,  as 
H  j>owerful  sechitivc  in  iiiflaiuiiialory  diseases. 
Dose,  ci}j;ht  drops  of  a  saturated  tincture. 

VEKUASCULUM,  Primula  veris. 

VERBASCUM  ALBUM,  V.  tiiapsus— v.  Ala- 
tuni,  Y.  tliapsus  —  v.  Collinum,  V.  thapsus  —  v. 
Crassifoliuin,  V.  thapsus — v.  Elongatum,  V.  thap- 
sus— V.  Lychnitis,  V.  thapsus — v.  Montanuui,  V. 
thapsus. 

Vbrbas'cum  Nigrum,  (supposed  to  be  a  cor- 
ruption from  Barhuicum,  owing  to  its  hairy  coat; 
hmbti,  '  a  beard.')  Cmide'la  re'c/ia,  Thfipsiis  bar- 
b'l'liin,   Taji>iiis   barba'tiis,    Cdiiilela'rid,    L(uin' I'ni, 

liluck  Mullein;  and  Verbas'cum  Thapsus,  V. 
thiipsuVdes  seu  ala'liim  seu  colli'iinm  seu  album 
seu  craisi/o'lium  seu  elonya'tnin  seu  h/chiii'tin 
seu  vi<>iit(('iiiim  seu  eimplex,  Plilof/mns,  /'liloiiiim, 
Plilo.c,  yredt  brand-leaved  or  i/ellow  Midlein,  Hiijli 
Taper,  Cow'n  Lungwort,  (F.)  Jluleiie,  Bouillon 
hlanc,  Bonhomme,  Cierye  de  notre  dame,  Ilerbe 
Saint-Fiacre.  Ord.  Scrophuhiriaceae,  Sex.  S^st. 
Pentandria  Monogynia, —  especially  the  latter, — 
have  been  used  as  euiollients,  applied  externally 
in  the  form  of  fomentation.  The  large  leaves 
have  been  chosen  for  this  purpose.  Occasionally, 
the  mucilage  which  they  contain  has  been  ex- 
tracted by  decoction  or  infusion,  and  administered 
in  pectoral  aifections. 

Veiebascum  Simplex.  V.  thapsus  —  v.  Thap- 
soides.  V.  thapsus — v.  Thapsus,  see  V.  nigrum. 

VERBK'NA  HAS'TATA,  V.  panicula'ta,  Blue 
vervain,  Simpler's  Joy,  an  American  species,  is 
more  bitter  than  the  European,  and  said  to  be 
emetic. 

Veubr'na  Opficina'liS,  Verbena,  Dicliro'mna, 
Yerbenu'va,  I'eriite'  rium,  Hierobut'ane,  Ilerba 
xacra.  Vervain,  Pnrvaiu,  (Prov.)  licrbine,  Jnno'n 
Tears,  (F.)  Yerveine,  llerbe  H  tona  les  maiix ; 
Ord.  Verbenaccfe.  Sex.  Si/st.  Diandria  Monogy- 
nia. A  plant  formerly  held  sacred  ;  used  in  sac- 
ritiees,  and  suspended  round  the  neck  as  an  amu- 
let. In  the  form  of  cataplasm,  it  is  sai<l  to  have 
relieved  obstinate  headaches,  atid  to  have  been  of 
service  in  scrofula.  It  is  not  used. 
ViMiBKyA  Panici'lata,  V.  hastata. 
Vkkbk'na  UitTiciFo'LiA,  an  indigenous  spe- 
cies, has  been  used  in  poisoning  from  Rbus  Toxi- 
codendron. 

VEKBENACA,  Verbena  officinalis. 
„  VERBESINA    ACMELLA,    Spilanthus    Ac- 
mella. 

VkrBESi'na  Virgin'iCA,  Crown  Beard.  Indi- 
genous. Order,  Compositfe.  A  decoction  of  the 
roots  is  used  by  the  Indians  as  diaphoretic  and 
depurative. 

VERBUS.  Penis. 

VJiHC'OQfllN,  Phreni'tia  vermino'sn.  A  form 
of  phrenitis,  attributed  to  the  presence  of  a  worm 
in  the  brain  ! 

VEHDET.  Cupri  subacetas. 
VERUIGRIS.  Cupri  subacetas. 
VERENDA,  Genital  organs. 
A'ERETRUM,  Penis. 

VEIiOE,  Penis — v.d'Or,  Solidago  virgaurea. 
VEIiGEnETTE     DE     PHILADELPHIE, 
Eri^eron  Philadelphicntn. 
VE RGETU RES.  \\h\c6s. 

VER.JUICE,  Om'pha'cium,  (F.)  Verjua,  Verd- 
jiin,  (verd,  'green,'  and  Juh,  'juice.')  "The  juice 
of  green  fruits."  A  sour  kind  of  grape.  Also,  an 
acid  liquor,  prepared  from  very  sour  grapes  or 
crab-apples.  It  is  principally  used  in  culinary 
preparations;  although,  occasionally,  an  ingre- 
<lienl  in  medicinal  compounds.  See  Vitis  vini- 
lera. 

VERJTIS,  Verjuice. 

VERMES,  Worms — v.  Cerebri,  Choroid  plexus. 
VERMICELLI,  see  Turundae  Ilalicse. 


VEfnrrcrLAIRE  nnrJLAXTE,  Sedum. 

V  ERM 1 C  U  LA  R.  Vermiform. 
VERMICULAR  IS.  Lunibricali.s,  Scdum. 

VERMICULI  SPERMATICl,  Spermatozoa. 
VERMIC'ULUM,  Vermi/v'ilnm.     An  elixir;  a 
tincture.  —  Ruland  and  .Joiinson. 

VERMICULUS  CAPILLARIS,  Dracunculus. 

VER'MIFORM,  Vermic'ular,  Vermicula'rit, 
Vermifor'mia,  (F.)  Vermicniaire,  Vernii/ornin, 
from  vermis,  'a  worm,'  and/oc«(«,  'form.'  That 
which  resembles  a  worm. 

Vekm'iform  Pi!oc"esses,  Proces'siis  sen  Pm- 
tuberan'ticB  seu  appen'dices  vermifornies,  Vermes, 
Idontiv'nli  cerebel'li,  Worms,  (F.)  Eminences  ver- 
miformes  dn  cervclet,  are  two  medullary  projec- 
tions, at  the  surface  of  the  cerebellum.  The  snjie- 
rior  vermiform  process,  Vermis  superior  cerebrlli, 
is  an  elongated  projection,  at  the  anterior  and 
middle  part  of  the  superior  surface  of  tlie  cerebel- 
lum ;  —  and  the  inferior  vermiform  process,  Ver- 
mis inferior  cerebelli,  Pijr'amid  of  Malacorne,  is 
a  somewhat  larger  projection,  situate  in  the  de- 
pression at  the  inferior  surface  of  the  same  organ. 
The  inferior  vermiform  process  is  usually  de- 
scribed as  consisting  of  three  portions — the  pyra- 
mid, the  jn'i(/n,-and  the  noduhis.  The  anterior 
portion  of  the  superior  vermiform  process  is  ele- 
vated, and  termed  Monde' ulna. 

VERMIFUGE,  Anthelmintic. 

Vermifuge,  Mathieu'.s.  This  consisted  of  two 
distinct  electuaries;  the  one  for  killing,  the  other 
for  expelling  tape-worm.  The  former  is  m.'ide 
of  an  ounce  of  tin  Jilinys,  and  six  drachms  ui  fern 
root. 

VERMIFUGUS,  Anthelmintic. 

VERMILION,  Hydrargyri  sulphuretuin  ru- 
bruni. 

VERMILION  DE  PltOVENCE,  Antimonii 
sulphuretutn  ruhrum. 

VERMINATIO,  Helminthiasis. 

VERMINATION.  CUTANEOUS,  Malis. 

VERM  IN  E  UX,  Verminous. 

VERM'INOUS,  Vennino'sus,  (F.)  Verminenx. 
From  vermis,  'a  worm.'  That  which  is  caused 
by  worms  ;  as  '  a  verminous  affection.' 

VERMIS,  see  Vermiform  processes — v.  Bomby- 
cinus,  Cornu  ammonis  —  v.  Cerebelli,  Vermiform 
process — v.  Cerebri,  Fever,  Hungary — v.  Cucur- 
bitinus.  Taenia  solium — v.  Digiti,  Paronychia. 

VERMITIO,  Helminthiasis. 

VERNIX  CASEO'SA,  'cheesy  varnish.'  The 
fatty  varnish,  or  deposit,  often  found  on  the  foetus, 
which  is  secreted  by  the  sebaceous  follicles  of  the 
skin. 

Veunix  Sicca,  Sandarac. 

VERNO'NIA  ANTHELMIN'TICA,  Ascari'- 
cidn  anilielmin'tica,  Calayirah,  Calayeri.  A 
plant  which  is  indigenous  in  India.  Ord.  Compo- 
sitaj.  Sex.  Si/st.  Syngenesia  Polygamia  super- 
flua.  It  has  great  celebrity  in  the  East  Indie.", 
and  is  a  bitter  tonic;  but  the  seeds  are  chielly 
used  as  an  anthelmintic,  in  cases  of  ascarides 
and  lumbrici  in  children. 

Verno'nia  Novebokackn'sis,  Iron  weed,  Flat 
lop:  an  indigenous  plant;  whose  purple  flowers 
appear  in  August  and  September,  is  reported  to 
possess  cathartic  properties. 

VEROLE,  Syphilis  — v.  Petite,  Variola  — v. 
Petite  rolanfe,  Varicella. 
VEROLE.  Syphilitic. 
VE ROLETTE,  Varicella. 
VEROLfQUE,  Syphilitic. 

VERONI'CA.  V.  ojficina'lis  seu  Tonrnefor'tii 
seu  mas,  Tliea  German'ica,  Beton'icn  Panii,  Cha- 
inat'drfis,  Male  Veronica,  FInellin,  Officinal 
Sj/eedwell,  Ei/ebriyht.  Paul's  lietony,  (F.)  IVioiii'- 
qiie,  The  d' Europe,  Hcrbe  mix  ladrci.    Ord.  Siro- 


v£:ronique 


9G3 


VERTEBRAL 


pTiulnriaceae.      ,S'ex.   Syit.  Diiindria   Monogynia. 
Tliis  plant  was  oiic-e  used  as  a  pectoral. 

Vkhonica  Aquatica,  V.  beccabunga. 

VkUONICA  Bkcoabdn'ca,  lievcdhniuja,  AnarjaV- 
ViH  seu  venmi'cH  oqiiut'ica.  Lover  Germttu'icum, 
C'rpm'a,  Water  Pim'pemtl,  Broolclime,  Brooh- 
liiiie  Hpeedvjcll,  Wuter  ^'peediueU,  Neckweed, 
Wnter  I'unilttin,  (Sc.)  Water-purpiv,  (F.)  V^roni- 
ijKC  crcsHoiife.  This  plant  was  formerly  used  in 
11  variety  of  diseases.  It  is,  however,  almost  in- 
si[iid  and  inodorous;  and  Las  been  long  banished 
fioui  practice. 

Vkkonica  Mas,  Veronica  —  v.  Officinalis,  Ve- 
riitiioii. 

Vkiuin'ica  Peukgri'na,  Neel-weed,  Purdain, 
Sjieedtce/l ;  indigenous;  flowering  from  April  to 
June,  is  given  internally  in  scrofulosis,  and  is 
applied  as  a  wash  to  scrofulous  tumours. 

Vkkoniua  I'riii'iiUKA,  Betonica  oflicinalis — v. 
Tournefbrtii,  Veronica  —  v.  Virginica,  Le[)tandra 
Virgin  ica. 

VERONIQUE,  Veronica — v.  C/essoxee,  Vero- 
nica beccabunga. 

VIJ/iPA,  Penis. 

Vh'IiRE,  Vitrum — v.  d'Anttmoine,  Antimonii 
vitnitu. 

VERRU'CA,  diminutive  Verru'cuhx,  Ecpliy'ma 
verruca,  FIn/iiinto'sis  verruco'sa,  a  Wart,  (Prov.) 
]Vret,  (F.)  Verrue,  Poirenii.  A  small,  hard,  ma- 
niilhiry  tumour,  which  form?  at  the  surface  of  the 
siun,  and  particularly  on  that  of  the  hands  and 
f.'ice.  Warts  are  generally  rugous  at  the  surface, 
and  broad  at  the  base  ;  their  roots  being  implanted 
ill  the  derma  by  whitish  filaments,  which  are 
dense,  semifibrous,  and  very  numerous. 

Warts  may  be  destroyed  by  caustic,  or  removed 
by  excision.  Their  vitality  is,  generallj',  not  great. 

VKitiiucA  Car.nosa,  Condyloma — v.  Formiea- 
riii,  Formica  —  v.  Minor,  Thymion — v.  Palpebra- 
Mim,  see  Hydatid  —  v.  Pensilis,  Acrochordon — v. 
Uhliyoiilea,  Thvmion. 

VERRUCARIA,  Calendula  officinalis,  Helio- 
tropium  Huropu'um. 

VERRUCOSE,  Warty. 

VERRUCOUS,  Warty. 

VERRUCULA,  Verruca. 

VERRUE,  Verruca. 
VERS,  Worms. 

VERSE-CHARMS,  see  Charm. 

VERSIO,  Turning  — V.  Fa-tfls,  Turning  — v. 
Spiintaneii,  Evolution,  spontaneous  —  v.  Uteri, 
llystcrolo.xia. 

VERSION,  Turning. 

VERT-DE-GRIS,  Cupri  subacetas. 

VERTEBRA  DENTATA,  A.\is— v.  Dorsi 
Prima,  Lojihia  —  v.  Lumborum  Prima,  Asphal- 
lites  —  v.  Magna,  Sacrum. 

VER'TEBRiE,  Spoit'dyli,  Spondles,  Whetle- 
hdiics,  (F.)  Vertehres ;  from  vertere,  'to  turn.' 
This  name  has  been  given  to  the  bones,  which 
by  their  union  form  the  vertebral  or  spinal 
ccihiinn.  The  vertebrte  are  short,  thick,  very 
angular  bones  ;  twenty-four  in  number,  and  situ- 
iitc  line  above  another.  The  body  —  antrum,  of 
Owen— of  the  vertebra  is  the  middle  and  anterior 
purlii.n.  Above  and  below  it  is  articulated,  by 
means  of  a  fibro-cartilage,  with  the  contiguous 
vcrlebriM.  The  Procntxes,  (F.)  Musses  apophy- 
snirt-B,  of  each  vertebra  are: — 1.  The  sphious  pro- 
crxH.  situate  behind,  and  in  the  median  line. 
2.  The  two  Iraifrerne  proresses,  standing  off  from 
each  side.     i'..  The/""/-  artioilnr,  or  ohUqite  pro- 

rrnnes xi/i/apopliyies,    of  Owen — two  superior, 

and  (wo  inferior — which  serve  to  unite  the  verte- 
bra) with  each  other.  These  transverse  and  arti- 
<Milati!i"  processes  are  made  continuous  with  the 
hileral  7md  posterior  parts  of  the  body  of  the  vor- 
tebrn    by   narrow    bony    portions    or  pedicles,   ou 


each  of  which  are  notches.  These,  by  their 
union  with  similar  notches  in  the  contiguous  ver- 
tebra, form  the  lateral  foramina,  (F.)  Trous  de 
covjtKjaison,  through  which  the  spinal  nerves 
leave  the  vertebral  canal.  The  diflerent  pro- 
cesses are  united  with  each  other,  so  as  to  form 
a  kind  of  rituj  of  the  lateral  and  posterior  parts 
of  the  vertebra;  and  the  foramen,  within  this, — 
that  is,  between  the  body  and  processes,  /orf(';/ien 
vertebra'le,  rrichid'iiim,  —  concurs  in  forming  the 
vertebral  canal.  The  areh  or  lamina  of  a  verte- 
bra, neurnjxiph'ysis,  is  the  part  from  which  the 
several  processes  project.  The  vertebra;  have 
particular  characters,  according  to  the  regions 
they  occupy.  They  are  divided  into  seven  eerci- 
cul,  twelve  domal,  and  five  lumbar.  The  first 
cervical  is  called  atlas  ;  the  second,  ao'is  or  verte- 
bra dentata  ;  and  the  seventh,  vertebra  proertii- 
iiens.  The  vertebrae  are  articulated  with  each 
other.  Those  of  the  back  are  joined,  moreover, 
to  the  ribs  by  their  articulating  surfaces — para- 
p'lphyses.  The  first  or  atlas  is  articulated  with 
the  occipital  bone;  and  the  last  lumbar  vertebra 
with  the  sacrum.  The  cervical  vertebrae  are  de- 
veloped by  nine  points  of  ossification  ;  the  dorsal 
and  lumbar  by  eight. 

VER'TEBKAL,  Vertebra'lis.  That  which  re- 
gies or  belongs  to  the  vertebrae. 

Vkktkbral  AliTERY,  Ponterior  cerebral  artery, 
(Ch.),  is  the  largest  of  the  branches  of  the  sub- 
clavian. It  arises  from  the  posterior  part  of  that 
vessel;  is  lodged  in  a  canal,  (F.)  Petit  cmial  ver- 
tebral, formed  by  the  foramina  in  the  transverse 
processes;  enters  the  cranium,  and  proceeds  to 
anastomose  with  its  fellow  of  the  opposite  side, 
and  to  form  the  Basilary  artery.  I5esides  the 
branches  sent  to  the  neck,  the  vertebral  artery 
gives  off  the  anterior  and  posterior  spinal  arteries, 
and  the  inferior  cerebellous,  in  the  cavity  of  the 
cranium. 

Vertebral  Column,  liachis,  Rhachis,  Notos, 
Acnes'tis,  Cari'na,  C.  hom'inis,  Sjiina,  S.  dorsi 
seu  vertebra'lis,  Colitm'na  spina'lis  seu  verte- 
bra'lis seu  dorsi.  Dorsum,  Tergnm,  Compa'ges 
Vertehra'rvni,  Aean'tha,  S((cra  fn'tnhi,  Hi' era  Sy- 
rinx, Spine,  Back  bone,  (Sc.)  Buekxprent,  (F.)  t'o- 
lonne  vertebrale,  Epine  (lit  dos,  Eehine.  A  kind 
of  bony  column,  situate  at  the  posterior  and  cen- 
tral part  of  the  trunk  ;  extending  from  the  head 
to  the  sacrum;  flexible  in  every  direction,  yet 
very  solid  and  hollowed  by  a  canal  called  verte- 
bral, which  gives  it  lightness  without  diminishing 
its  strength,  and  runs  through  its  whole  length. 
The  vertebral  column  is  formed  by  the  superpo- 
sition of  the  vertebras.  It  represents  a  pyramid, 
whose  base  is  below.  Anteriorly,  it  is  convex  in 
the  neck;  concave  in  the  back,  and  convex,  again, 
in  the  loins.  Behind,  the  curvatures  are  of  course 
the  reverse  of  these.  There  is  also,  in  the  dorsal 
region,  a  lateral  curvature,  the  concavity  of  which 
is  towards  the  left  side.  Considered  as  a  whole, 
the  vertebral  column  has  an  anterior  or  prespinal 
surface;  a  posterior  or  spinal ;  two  lateral  ;  a 
base  ;  and  an  ape.r  or  top.  In  the  nomenclature 
of  Chaussier,  the  anterior  surface,  in  the  neck,  is 
called  trachelian  ;  in  the  hwcV,  predorsal  ;  and 
in  the  loins,  prelnmbar,  The  dorsal  surface  has, 
at  its  middle,  the  spinous  processes;  and,  at  its 
sides,  the  vertebral  i/irtlers,  (F.)  Goiiltieres  verte- 
brales,  formed  by  the  succession  of  the  vertebral 
plates,  (F.)  Lames  vertebrales,  which,  by  their 
junction,  constitute  the  spinous  processes.  These 
are  filled  by  the  sacro-spiiialis  muscle.  The  >ides 
or  lateral  surfaces  present  the  foramina  re^olting 
from  the  union  of  the  vertebral  notches,  (F.) 
Echancrures  vertebrales.  These  lire  called  verte- 
bral foramina,  (¥.)  Trous  de  eonjuijaison,  and 
give  passage  to  the  vertebral  nerves.     The  base 


VERTEBRATED 


9G4 


VESICAL 


of  the  vertebral  column  is  oblique,  to  unite  with 
the  sacrum  ;  and  forms  with  it  an  angle,  called 
sncro-vertebrnl  angle  or  promontori/.  The  apex 
or  top  of  the  vertebral  column  is  articulated  with 
the  occipital  bone.  Sometimes,  the  term  verte- 
bral column  includes  the  whole  of  the  column 
from  the  occipital  bone  to  the  extremity  of  the 
coccyx.  The  Vertebral  or  Spiiuil  or  Itachid'ian 
Canal,  Sclen,  Oann'lis  nieilu/lcB  Spina' lis,  &'pec}t8 
jiro  medull'a  Spina'li  sea  vertebra'lis,  exists 
through  the  whole  of  the  vertebral  column,  whose 
curvatures  it  follows.  It  is  continuous,  above, 
with  the  cranium  ;  below,  with  the  sacral  canal, 
if  we  consider  the  vertebrje  to  terminate  at  the 
sacrum.  It  is  lined  by  a  prolongation  of  the  me- 
ninges, forming  the  Theca  vertebra'lie,  and  lodges 
the  spinal  marrow. 

The  vertebral  column,  which  unites  lightness 
with  solidity,  serves  to  support  the  head  and 
chest.  It  is  the  seat  of  all  tlie  movements  of  the 
trunk,  the  weight  of  which  it  transmits  to  the 
pelvis.  It  lodges  and  protects  the  spinal  marrow, 
and  gives  passage  to  the  vertebral  nerves,  and  to 
numerous  vessels. 

Vertebral  Disease,  Rachial'gia  (of  some,) 
Caries  of  the  Ver'tebra,  Spnndylarthroc'  aee,  Spon- 
djjloe'ace,  Kypho'sis  injlaiiunato'ria  seu  para- 
h/t'ica,  Gibbos'itas  cario'sa,  Ca'ries  vertebra'- 
riiiti,  Spondylal'yia,  Spondj/lopyn'nis,  Ttihercidu'sis 
Vertebra' rum.  The  spinal  column  is  liable  to 
distortion,  (see  ITump.)  at  times,  without  the  ver- 
tebrae being  much,  if  at  all,  diseased.  At  other 
times,  a  more  formidable  atfection  is  induced  ;  the 
vertebroe  becoming  carious,  and  the  interverte- 
bral cartilages  ulcerated;  followed  liy  a  more  or 
less  complete  loss  of  power  over  the  lower  extre- 
mities. In  such  case,  on  examining  the  s|)ine, 
one  or  more  of  the  spinous  processes  is  found  to 
project  beyond  tiie  rest.  The  disease  was  first 
well  described  by  Mr.  Percival  Pott;  and,  hence, 
it  has  been  called,  by  the  French,  3Ialadie  de 
Pott,  Malum  seu  Gibhus  Pot'tii,  Pott's  disease  or 
ciirrature.  It  usually  occurs  in  scrofulous  sub- 
jects, and  the  treatment  consists  in  establishing 
a  counter-irritation  by  blisters,  issues,  or  the 
inoxa,  opposite  the  transverse  processes  of  the 
diseased  vertebrae.  The  sore  must  be  suffered  to 
remain  open  and  the  patient  kept  in  the  horizon- 
tal posture  until  the  use  of  the  limbs  is  recovered  ; 
employing  tonics,  the  free  admission  of  fresh  air, 
Ac,  at  the  same  time. 

Vertebral  Lig'aments,  (F.)  Lirjamenfa  ver- 
iebrnux,  Siirtoiits  lifjameiifeiix  de  la  colonne  ver- 
tebrate, are  distinguished  into  anterior  and  jios- 
terior.  They  consist  of  long,  ligamentous  cover- 
ings ;  the  anterior  occupying  the  anterior  part 
of  the  vertebral  column  ;  and  the  posterior  seem- 
ing to  arise  from  the  occipito-axoid  ligament,  and 
seated  behind  the  bodies  of  the  vertebra,  from 
the  axis  to  the  sacrum. 

Vertebral  Nerve,  Trisplanchnic. 

Vertebral  Nerves,  Spinal  Nerves,  (F.)  Ner/s 
rachidiens,  spring  successively  from  the  spinal 
marrow  ;  from  its  origin  to  its  termination.  These 
nerves — 30  pairs  in  all — arise  by  two  roots  ;  one 
anterior,  from  the  anterior  or  an'tero-lat'eral 
column  of  the  spinal  marrow,  and  the  other  pos- 
terior, from  the  j^^'sterior  or  p>'>s'tero-lat'eral  co- 
lumn, and  afterwards  issue  by  the  vertebral  and 
.sacral  foramina.  Each  of  these  roots  seems  to 
have  a  distinct  function  ;  the  posterior  being  des- 
tined to  convey  sensation  to  parts ;  the  anterior, 
motion.  On  the  posterior  root,  before  its  junction 
with  the  anterior,  there  is  a  ganglion.  Of  the  30 
pairs,  7  are  cervical  nerves,  12  dorsal,  5  lumbar, 
and  6  sacral.     See  Nerves. 

VER'TEBRATED,  Vertebra'tua,  (F.)  Vertibri. 
Provided  with  vertebrae. 


VEPTKBUES,  Vertebrre. 
VKIITEIUIODYMIA,  see  Somntodymia. 
VERTKliKO-ILIAC  LIGAMENT,  Iloo-lum- 

bar  ligament. 

VERTEX,  Cor'yphe,  Acrori'a,  Spnn'dylus. 
The  top  or  highest  i)nrt  or  crown  of  the  head. 
(Sc.)  Cantel,  A'oir,  Pallat,  Palad.     See  Sinciput. 

Vertex  Coimis,  ftlucro  Cordis  —  v.  Cubili, 
Olecranon  —  v.  Palpitans,  Fontanella. 

VERTIBULUM,  Trepan. 

VERTICULA,  Articulation. 

VERTICULUM,  Articulation. 

VERTICULUS,  Articulation. 

VEliTlGE,Yert\go. 

VERT1G"IN0US,  Vertirjino'sus,  (Old  Eng. 
and  Prov.)  Totty,  (F.)  Verti;/ineux.  Relating  or 
pertaining  to  vertigo;  Giddy,  Dizzy. 

VERTI'GO,  from  vertere,  'to  turn;'  Dlnos, 
Ilin'yos,  Cijius  seu  Hallucina'tio  seu  Autid'rjia 
vertiyo,  Circunirjyra'tio,  Gid'dlncss,  Diz'ziufss, 
Swimnring  of  the  head,  (Prov.)  Sicee,  Swinnyinri, 
(F.)  Vertige,  Etourdissement.  A  state  in  which 
it  seems  that  all  objects  are  turning  round ;  or 
that  the  individual  himself  is  performing  a  move- 
ment of  gyration.  Two  varieties  have  been  de- 
signated ; —  simple  vertigo,  where  the  objects  are 
seen;  and  scotodynia,  in  which  the  sight  is  ob- 
scured, and  the  individual  often  falls.  Vertigo 
is  dependent  upon  the  condition  of  the  brain; 
and  often  announces  an  attack  of  apoplexy  or 
epilepsy. 

Vertigo  Tenebricosa,  Scotodynia. 

VERUGAS  (S.),  from  verruca.  A  peculiar 
disease  affecting  certain  localities  of  Peru,  which 
manifests  itself  by  sore-throat,  pains  in  the  bones, 
and  other  felirile  symptoms.  In  the  course  of  a 
few  days,  an  eruption  of  red  pimples  or  boile  ap- 
pears. These  sometimes  increase  in  magnitude 
till  they  become  nearly  as  large  as  an  egg,  and 
discharge  blood  copiously.  It  is  ascribed  to  the 
water  of  certain  springs  in  the  valleys,  and  espe- 
cially in  that  of  Surea  :  called  Agua  de  Veruga. 
—  Tschudi. 

VERU  MONTANUM,  Gallinaginis  caput. 

VERVAIN,  Verbena  officinalis— v.  Blue,  Ver- 
bena hastata. 

VERVEINE,  Verbena  officinalis. 

VESA'NIA,  Vesa'ni(p.,  'madness.'  Derange- 
ment of  the  intellectual  and  moral  faculties,  with- 
out couia  or  fever.  Many  nosologists  have  used 
this  as  a  generic  term  ;  under  which  they  have 
included  the  different  species  of  mental  alienation, 
hypochondriasis,  somnambulism,  and  even  hydro- 
phobia.    See  Nosology. 

Vesania  Mania,  Mania. 

Vesani^e,  Insanity. 

VESICA  BILIAlilA,  Gall-bladder— v.  Cordis, 
see  Pericardium — v.  Fellca,  Gall-bladder— v.  In- 
testinalis,  Vesicula  umbilicalis — v.  Prostatica,  see 
Ejaculatory  ducts  —  v.  Saccata,  Cystostenocho- 
ria  —  v.  Urinaria,  Urinary  bladder. 

Vesicae  Ii;ritabilitas,  Cysterethismus  —  v. 
Unguinosae  tetidinum,  Bursae  mucosae. 

VES'ICAL,  Vesica'lis,  ivoxn  vesica,  'the  blad- 
der.' That  which  belongs  or  relates  to  the  blad- 
der. 

Vesical  Arteries  vary  in  number  and  origin. 
The  umbilical  artery  always  sends  off  two  or 
three:  the  middle  hemorrhoidal,  internal  j)udic, 
and  obturator  furnish  others,  which  ramify  and 
anastomose  in  the  parietes  of  the  bladder;  the 
hypogastric  furnishes  one  which  is  somewliat 
larger,  the  Vesica-prostatic  (Ch.),  and  proceeds 
to  the  baa-fond  of  the  bladder,  sending  numerous 
ramifications  to  it  as  well  as  to  the  surrounding 
parts. 

Vesical  Ganglia,  see  Spermatic  Ganglion  — 


VESICARIUM 


965 


VESTIBULE 


y.  Ligaments,  see  Urinary  bladder— v.  Oxyd, 
Oxyd,  cystic— V.  Triangle,  see  Urinary  bladder. 

Vksicai.  Vkins,  much  more  numerous  than  the 
arteries,  open  into  the  hvpognsiric  plexus 

Vkskmnt,  Blister,  Epispastic. 

yiiSICAKIUM,  Ovi.rium. 

VESIOA'TION,  Vetica'iio;  from  vegicn,  'a 
bladder.'  The  action  of  a  vesicant.  The  forma- 
tion of  blisters. 

VESICATOIRE,  Blister —  «.  J/«^,V,ai,  Ma- 
gistral. 

VESrCATORIUM,  Blister. 

VE.SICLK,  Vesicula— V.  Allantoid,  Allantois— 
V.  Blastodermic,  see  Molecule  —  v.  Cowpox,  see 
Vaeciiiation. 

Vk.siclb  ok  Development,  V.  of  Evolution.  A 
vesicle  or  cyst  concerned  in  histogeuy. 

Vesicle  of  Evolution,  V.  of  Development  — 
V.  Germinal,  see  Molecule  —  v.  Purkinjean,  see 
Molecule  —  v.  Umbilical,  Vesicula  umbilicalis. 

VESICLES,  ASCHERSO'NIAN.  When  fluid 
fat  and  fluid  albumen  are  shaken  together,  the 
resultinj;  fat  globules  become  surrounded  by  an 
albuminous  layer.  The  vesicles,  thus  formed,  are 
called  after  Ascherson,  their  discoverer. 

Vesicles  op  dr  Guaap,  Folliculi  Graafiani  — 
V.  Seminal,  Vcsiculae  seminales. 

VESICOCE'LE.  Badly  compounded  for  Cys- 
tocele. 

VES'ICO-U'TERTNE,  Vesi'eo-nteri'uua,  from 
veaicit,  'the  bladder,' and  'uterus.'  Appertaining, 
or  relating  to,  the  bladder  and  uterus. 

Vesico-uterine  Folps,  see  Uterus. 

V  E  S '  I C  0  -V  A  ft  "  I N  A  L,  Ve^i'co-vnginn'lis^ 
V«fj"ino-vca'{caL  Relating  to  the  bladder  and 
the  vagina;  as  veaico-vuyinal Jinlula. 

VESICULA,  Cystiux,  Vee'ule,  Blister,  (F.) 
V^Kicnh ;  diminutive  of  vesica,  'a  bladder.'  A 
small  bladder  or  cyst. 

Vesicula,  Ves'icle,  Ecphly'sis,  Cystiiix,  in  pa- 
thology, means  a  small  orbicular  elevation  of  the 
cuticle  containing  lymph,  which  is  sometimes 
clear  and  colourless,  but  often  opake  and  whitish 
or  jiearl-coloured.  It  is  succeeded,  either  by  a 
Ecurf,  or  by  a  laminated  scab. 

Vesicula  iENicMATOsA,  Vesicula  umbilicalis 
—  V.  Alba,  Vesicula  umbilicalis  —  v.  Bills,  Gall- 
bladder—  V.  Blastodermatica,  see  Molecule  —  v. 
Blastodermica,  see  Molecule — v.  Chyli,  llecepta- 
culum  chyli  —  v.  Erythroidea,  Erythroid  vesicle 
— v.  Fellis,  Gall-bladder — v.  Gangraenescens,  see 
Anthrax — v.  Germinaliva,  see  Molecule — v.  Om- 
phalo-inesenterica,  Vesicula  umbilicalis — v.  Ova.- 
lis,  Vesicula  umbilicalis  —  v.  Prolifera,  see  Mole- 
cule—  V.  Prostatica,  see  Ejacuhitory  ducts. 

Vesic'ula  Usibilica'lis,  F.  a^irt  scu  om'phnlo- 
nieseiiter'ica  seu  (p.nitjmuto'sn  seu  ovu'lis,  Vesi'cn 
iiitfstiiialis,  Vitellic'uhis,  Umhil'icnl  or  Intestinal 
Vesicle,  Vit'elline  Pouch,  Vitell'icle.  A  small, 
pyriform,  round,  or  spheroidal  sac,  which,  about 
tlie  fifteenth  or  twentieth  day  after  fecundation, 
is  of  the  size  of  a  common  pea,  and  probably  ac- 
quires its  greatest  dimensions  in  the  course  of  the 
third  or  fourth  week.  After  the  seventh  week,  it 
becomes  shrivelled  and  disappears  insensibly.  It 
seems  to  be  situate  between  the  chorion  and  am- 
nion, and  is  commonly  adherent  either  to  the 
outer  surface  of  the  amnion,  or  to  the  inner  sur- 
face of  the  chorion,  but  at  times  is  loose  between 
them.  The  vitelline  ped'irle,  which  attaches  the 
vesicle  to  the  embryo,  is  continuous  with  the  intes- 
tinal canal :  and,  up  to  twenty  or  thirty  days  of 
embryonic  life,  is  hollow, —  Ductus  om'phalo-me- 
senter'iciis  seu  vitello-intestina'lia  seu  vitclla'rius, 
vitelline  Duct.  Its  arteries  are  the  omphalo-me- 
pcnteric.     The    vitelline    flnifl,  contained   in    the 

vesicle in  the   Vitelline  or   Volh-  membrane — has 

been  couiparoJ,  from  analogy,  to  the  vitellus  or 


T/oll:  of  birds;  and,  like  it,  is  an  oleaginous  .sub- 
stance, and  presumed  to  be  inservient  to  the  nu- 
trition of  the  embryo. 

VESICULA  constitute  the  6th  order  of  Bate- 
man's  classification  of  Cutaneous  Diseases. 

VESicuLyf;,  see  Villous  membranes  —  v.  Divao 
Barbarse,  Variola  confluens  —  v.  Gingivaruni. 
Aphthie — v.  Pulmonales,  see  Cellule — v.  Rotundas 
cervicis  uteri,  Nabothi  glandulae — v.  Sanguinis, 
Globules  of  the  blood  —  v.  Seminales  muliirum, 
Nabothi  glandulae  —  v.  SpermaticsD,  Vesicula} 
seminales. 

Vesicula  Semina'les,  F.  Semina'ria  seu  «;)«•- 
mnt'icm,  Cnp'sulce  semina'les,  Conceptac'ula  semi- 
naria,  Gonccys' tides,  Stm'inal  ves'icles,  (F.)  Vesi- 
cules  seminales,  Gardouches,  Greniers,  are  two 
small  membranous  sacs,  which  serve  as  reservoirs 
for  the  sperm,  and  probably  secrete  a  fluid  to  be 
mixed  with  the  sperm.  They  are  situate  beneath 
the  bladder,  and  above  the  rectum,  behind  the 
prostate  and  to  the  outer  side  of  the  vasa  defe- 
rentia.  They  are  of  an  irregular  conoidal  shape; 
flattened  from  above  to  below ;  embossed  on  their 
surface,  and  of  a  grayish  tint.  Their  posterior 
extremity  or  fundus  terminates  by  a  round  cul-de- 
sac.  Their  anterior  extremity  or  neck  is  narrow 
and  elongated,  and  is  continuous  with  the  excre- 
tory duct  of  the  vesicula.  This  duct  joins  the 
vas  deferens,  and  forms  with  it  the  ejaculatory 
duct.  The  interior  of  the  vesiculae  exhibits  seve- 
ral cells,  which  communicate  with  each  other,  and 
are  lined  by  a  very  thin,  mui^ous  membrane. 

VESICULAR,  Vesicula'ris,  (F.)  Vesiculaire. 
Of  or  belonging  to  a  vesicle  : — full  of  or  contain- 
ing small  vesicles  or  cells.  The  cortical  or  gray 
matter  of  the  brain  is  sometimes  termed  vesicular. 
See  Cortex  cerebri  /ind  Neurine. 

VESICULE,  Ycs\cmU—v.  BiUnire,  Gall-blad- 
der—  V.  clu  Fiel,  Gall-bladder  —  v.  Gemiinatire, 
see  Molecule — v.  Oculifire,  see  Folliculi  Graa- 
fiani. 

VESICULES  DE  (7/?.4ylF,  Folliculi  Graafiani 
— V.  de  Sainte  Barhe,  Variola  confluens — v.  Semi- 
nales, Vesiculic  seminales. 

VESICULO-TYMPANIT'IC,  Vesic'ulo-fym- 
panit'icus.  An  epithet  for  a  sound  or  resonance 
heard  on  percussion,  which  consists  of  the  vesi- 
cular and  tympanitic  sounds  combined.  It  occurs 
when  the  parenchyma  of  the  lungs  is  incompletely 
solidified.  —  Flint. 

VESPA,  Wasp. 

VESSEL,  Vas,  Vasutn,  diminutive  Vasculum, 
Angei'on,  Anc/os,  Conceptac' nlum,  from  (L.)  vas, 
vasculum,  (F.)  Vaisseau.  A  canal,  more  or  less 
elastic,  formed  by  the  superposition  of  mem- 
branes, and  distinguished,  according  to  its  uses 
and  general  arrangement,  into  Artery,  Vein,  and 
Lymphatic.     See,  also.  Vascular. 

VE.SSEL 0 UP,  Lyeoperdon. 

VESSIE,  Urinary  bladder — v.  d  Colonnes,  see 
Urinary  bladder  —  v.  Col  <le  la,  Collum  vesica. 

VESSIE  NATATO/RE,  Air-bladder. 

VESTIBULAR  NERVE,  see  Auditory  nerve. 

VES'TIBULE,  Vestih'ulum,  from  vestio,  'to 
cover.'     The  porch  or  entrance  to  a  house. 

Vestibule.  Vextib'nlnm,  V.  Var/i'ncB,  Frona'us, 
Atrium  Vagi'ncB,  Amb'itus  genita'lis  mulie'bris, 
is  a  smooth  cavity  between  the  perinteum  and 
nymphas  in  the  female,  which  leads  to  two  pas- 
sages —  to  the  urethra  above,  and  to  the  vagina 
below. 

Ves'tibule  op  the  Ear,  Vestib'ulnm,  V.  laby- 
rin'thi,  (F.)  Vestibule.  A  cavity  of  an  irregular 
shape,  which  forms  part  of  the  labyrinth  or  in- 
ternal ear.  The  vestibule  is  situate  on  the  inner 
side  of  the  tympanum  :  on  the  outer  side  of  the 
meatus  auditorius  intcrnus;  before  the  semicircu- 
lar cauals,  aud  bchiud  the  cochlea.     It  is  lined 


VESTTBULUM   LABYRINTIII     90C 


VIC-LE-COMPTE 


liy  a  particular  membrane,  and  contains  the  liquor 
of  Cotunnius  ami  branches  of  the  auditory  nerve. 
There  is  also  another  membrane,  constituting  the 
iiivtn'hi<ntoii8  vestibule,  but  it  is  not  an  exact  imi- 
tiitii'ii  of  the  osseous  cavity.  It  is  composed  of 
two  liistinct  sacs,  which  open  into  each  other  — 
the  KMc'ciiliis  veslib'iili,  and  the  sncoiliis.  There 
ari'  three  contiguous  cfiviVi'es  in  the  vestibule  ;  one 
of  which,  the  senfi-avnl,  is  situate  above;  another, 
the  liciiiixphencol,  below  ;  and  the  third,  or  sidei- 
Jonn,  which  is  the  orifice  of  the  aquaeductus  ves- 
tibuli,  behind. 

VESTIBULUM  LABYRINTIII,  Vestibule  of 
the  ear  —  v.  Vaginaj,  Vestibule. 

VESTIGE  (F.)  Vest!(j"ium,  'a  vestige,'  'a 
trace.'  A  kind  of  fracture  of  flat  bones,  consist- 
ing of  a  simple  incision  having  the  mark  of  the 
instrument  that  caused  it.  The  term  is  also  ap- 
plied to  a  part  of  the  body,  which  may  have  no 
evident  use  in  man,  and  yet  may  he  greatly  em- 
ployed in  animals.  For  example,  the  muscles  of 
the  external  ear  in  man  are  almost  devoid  of  use, 
or  are  ivs/Ziyes  of  what  they  are  in  certain  animals. 

VESTIGIUM,  Sole,  'Vesinje  —  y.  Foraminis 
ovalis,  Ovalis  fossa — v.  Pedis,  Metatarsus. 

VESTI'TUS,  Esthe'mn,  Exthe'ms,  Jiea  vestia'- 
ria,  Clothhu/,  Drens,  Vesture,  (P.)  Vetement,  from 
resti're,  veslitiim,  '  to  clothe.'  Any  substance  used 
for  the  purpose  of  covering  nakedness,  or  pre- 
serving from  atmospheric  temperature  by  being 
worn  on  the  body.  The  best  clothing  in  winter 
is  composed  of  articles  that  are  bad  conductors 
of  caloric,  and  do  not  admit  of  ready  evaporation 
(if  the  matter  of  perspiration.  In  this  respect, 
woollen  vestments  deserve  the  first  place,  and 
cottcm  the  second.  Colour  has  likewise  to  be  re- 
garded— -the  darkest  hues  transmitting  the  heat 
most  readily  through  them.  It  has  been  found  that 
the  same  rule  applies  to  odours  —  the  darker  co- 
lours retaining  a  greater  amount  of  odorous  par- 
ticles than  the  lighter.  Hence  the  necessity  of 
white  walls,  white  bed-clothes,  <fec.,  in  the  wards 
of  hosjjituls;  for  it  is  probable  thaf  the  like  law 
applies  to  contagious  miasms. 

VESTURE,  Vestitus. 

VETA,  Puna. 

VETEMENT,  Vestitus. 

VETERANA,  Rubeola. 

VETERINARIUS,  see  Hippiater  and  Veteri- 
nary. 

VET'ERINARY,  Veterinn'n'us,  (P.)  Veteri- 
jinire,  from  veteriiius,  'that  which  bears  burdens  ;' 
itself,  perhaps,  from  vehiterinus,  from  vehere,  'to 
carry.'  That  which  appertains  to  beasts  of  bur- 
den :  hence,  veterinary  surcjeon,  (see  Farrier,) 
veteriunnj  ciiUeye,  and  veteriuori/  medicine. 

Veterinary  Anatomy,  see  Anatomy. 

Veterinary  Art,  jlrsseu  illedici'na  veferinn'- 
ria,  Zooi'nsis,  Zoiatri'n,  Tlieriat'ricn,  llulomedi- 
ci'iia,  Zootherapi' a,  Zobtherapeu'tice,  Ars  zoiat'- 
rica,  Far'riery.  The  art  of  treating  the  diseases, 
kc,  of  cattle. 

VETERNOSITAS,  Coma  vigil. 

VETERNUS,  Coma  vigil. 

VETIVERIA  ODORATA.  Andropogon  mu- 
ricatus. 

VETTONICA,  Betonica  oflBcinalis. 

VETULA,  Sacrum. 

VEXILLA  TUBARUM  FALLOPII,  see  Tube, 
Fallopian. 

VEXILLUM,  Drapeau. 

VIA,  Way  —  v.  Curandi,  Ratio  medendi  —  v. 
Stomachi  et  ventris,  CEsophagus. 

VIABILITY,  see  Viable. 

VI'ABLE,  Viab'ilis,  from  ^>ia,  '  way  ;'  or  from 
(P.)  rie,  'life,'  (Orfila.)  A  word,  which  may  be 
introduced  with  great  advantage  from  the  French 
into  our  language.  It  is  an  epithet  applied  to  a 
fuetus  whose  organs  are  properly  formed,  and  so 


developed  as  to  permit  its  continued  existenop. 
Every  fcctus  is  not  viable.  Ancnccphnli  have 
lived  ten  or  twelve  days,  yet  they  are  not  viahle. 
The  older  the  foetus,  the  more  viable  is  it.  It  is 
an  idle  prejudice  that  n  child,  born  at  the  end  of 
eight  months,  is  less  likely  to  live  than  one  born 
at  the  end  of  seven.  The  signs  of  viubiliiy  are 
drawn  from  the  weight,  length,  external  confor- 
mation, <te.,  of  the  foetus.  It  may  be  laid  down 
I  as  a  general  rule,  that  no  f(jctus  born  before  the 
end  of  the  seventh  month  is  vial)le. 

VliE  CHYLIFERiE,  Chylifer^us  vessels. 

\lJE,  Clandks'tin^,  Cliindesllne  J'unxiif/es. 
Supposititious  secret  ways  or  passages  or  '  royal 
roads,'  to  account  for  the  ra])id  transmission  of 
substances  taken  into  the  stomach  to  the  kidneys 
or  bladder. 

ViyE  ExTRAonniNAiii.?!  Lactis,  Galactoplania 
— v.  Lacryinales,  Lachrymal  passages — v.  I'liina', 
Ways,  digestive  —  v.  Secundap,  Ways,  second. 

VIAL.  Phiala. 

Vf ANDES  FAISANDEES,  see  Ilyposnprus. 

VIBI'CES.  Mul'opes,  Stria,  (F.)  Ver(j,lur,«, 
'Stripes.'  Large  purple  spots,  like  the  marks 
produced  by  the  strokes  of  a  whip,  which  appear 
under  the  skin  in  certain  malignant  fevers.  They 
are  unfavourable  indications,  as  they  denote  great 
prostration. 

VIBRAMEN,  Oscillation. 

VIBRANS,  Vibratory. 

VIllRATlLE,  Vibratorv. 

VIBRATIL'ITY,  Vibrati/'ilns,  (F.)  Vibrn. 
tilite,  from  vibrnre,  vibratuM,  '  to  quiver.'  Cajia- 
bility  of  being  thrown  into  vibration. 

VIBRATIO,  Oscillation— v.  Cardiaca,  Palpita- 
tion ^ —  V.  Cordis,  Palpitation. 

VIBRATION,  PECTORAL,  see  Fremitus— v. 
Tactile,  see  Fremitus  —  v.  Tussive,  see  Tussive. 

VIBRATIONS  OF  SOUND,  see  Sound. 

VIBRATOR,  Deferens  vas. 

VI'BRATORY,  Vibrans,  Vi'brative,  (F.)  17- 
bratile,  Vibratuire.  An  epithet  applied  to  the 
pain  that  accompanies  some  neuralgiae,  which 
seems  to  the  patient  to  vibrate  among  the  nerves. 

ViBRAToiiY  Motion,  see  Cilia. 

VIBRATUS,  Oscillation. 

VIB'RIO  :  from  vibrare,  'to  quiver.'  A  genus 
of  infusory  animalcules,  of  which  dit!'ercnt  species 
are  met  with,  —  for  example,  Vib'rio  pro'lifer  in 
almost  all  putrescent  fluids  containing  protein, 
and  in  the  pus  of  chancres;  in  which  last  the  V. 
linenla  has  likewise  been  found. 

VIBRIS'SiE.  Same  etymon.  The  hairs  which 
grow  at  the  entrance  of  the  nostrils  and  of  other 
outlets.     In  the  feline  tribe,  the  whiskers. 

VIBURNUM  CASSINOIDES,  Ilex  Para- 
guensis. 

Vibur'num  Denta'tum,  Arrow  Wood,  Mealy 
Tree,  Tihj  of  the  Indians.  Ord.  Caprifoliacese. 
A  high  indigenous  shrub,  of  the  same  family  as 
V.  lentago;  the  bark  of  which  has  been  used  by 
the  Indians  as  a  diuretic. 

Viburnum  Edu'le  flourishes  in  the  Hudson's 
B.ay  territory.  The  fruit  has  an  orange  colour, 
and  is  less  acid,  more  fleshy,  and  more  agreeable 
to  the  taste  than  the  cranberry. 

Viburnum  L>evicatum,  Ilex  Paraguensis. 

Viburnum  Lenta'go,  Sivcct  Viburnum,  JVminy- 
berry.  A  handsome  indigenous  tree,  of  the  ho- 
neysuckle family — Caprifoliacea) — which  flowers 
in  May  and  June.  It  has  been  used  as  an  anti- 
periodic. 

Vibur'num  Prunifo'lium,  Bind:  Jfnio,  Sloe- 
leaved  Viburnum,  Sloe.  Indigenous:  flowering 
in  May.     The  leaves  have  been  used  as  tea. 

Viburnum,  Slow-leaved,  V.  prunifoliura — v. 
Sweet,  V.  lentago. 

VIC-LE-COMPTE,  MINERAL  WATERS 
OF.     Yic-le-Compte  is  a  small  village  in  the  de- 


VICARIOUS 


967 


VINUM 


partment  of  Puy  de  DOine,  three  leagues  from 
Issoire;  where  there  is  an  aoiduluus  chalybeate, 
which  is  aperient. 

VICA'RIOUS,  Vicft'riiis,  from  vicin,  'change, 
pliieo.'  Taking  the  place  of  another  : — as  '  vica- 
iiDUS  secretion,'  Secre'tio  viva'ria;  a  secretion 
whicli  talies  place  in  one  part  instead  of  another. 
VICAR'S  UKAY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
Tills  spring  is  situate  in  Perthshire,  Scotland, 
aliout  two  miles  from  Dollor,  and  near  to  131arn- 
gone.  The  water  is  one  of  the  strongest  chaly- 
beatc's  known. 

VICE,  Cachosis. 

VICE  DE  CONFO/lJ/ATIOy.  Faulty  for- 
niatioi)  of  a  yiart  of  the  hody. 

VICHY,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  Carho- 
tiatcd  alkaline  clialyhcatcs,  the  sources  of  which 
are  at  Vichy,  six  leagues  from  Moulins,  in  the 
department  of  Allier.  The  springs  are  seven  in 
miiiibcr.  Almost  all  are  thermal  ;  give  off  bub- 
bles of  carbonic  acid  gas,  and  have  a  slightly  sul- 
phureous odour.  They  deposite  carbonates  of 
iiiue  and  magnesia,  and  a  little  oxide  of  iron  ; 
and  afford,  on  analysis,  carbonates  of  lime,  soda, 
iron,  and  magnesia,  carbonic  acid,  sulphate  of 
soda,  and  chloride  of  sodium.  They  are  em- 
]il(iyed  as  tonics,  particularly  In  chronic  affections 
of  the  abdominal  viscera,  in  old  catarrhs,  diseases 
of  the  joints,  Ac. 

Vicuv  Water,  Factit"ious,  Aqua  Vicieti'sis, 
(F.)  L'an  dc  Vivlnj,  is  made  of  simple  acidulous 
iratcr,  impregnated  with  twice  its  bulk  of  corho- 
iilc  (icid,  ^xxss  ;  auhcarhotidte  of  soda,  gr.  xxslj  ; 
eidjili((te  of  soda,  gr.  xvj  ;  chloride  of  sodium,  gr. 
iv  ;  siibcarboiinte  of  iiHKjiiesia,  gr.  ss ;  chloride  of 
iron.  gr.  i.      Mix.      Ph.  P.) 

VICIA  ERVILIA,  Ervum. 

Vlc"lA  FabA,  Faba,  F.  major  seu  vidyaris, 
Or'obus  faba,  Common  Garden  Bean,  (F.) 
/'ci-e  ou  Fere  des  marais.  Ord.  LeguminosaJ. 
»SVx.  ^Syxt.  Diadelphia  Docandrla.  A  native  of 
Egypt,  of  which  there  are  many  varieties.  Beans 
are  not  easy  of  digestion.  They  are  proverbially 
flatulent,  especially  when  old.  When  young, 
they  are  more  digestible  and  wholesome.  Bean 
meal  was  one  of  the  four  resolvent  meals  of  the 
ancients. 

VICINITRACTUS,  Erysipelas. 

VICINITRAIIA,  Erysipelas. 

VICTORIALIS  FEMINEA,  Gladiolus  vulga- 
ris—  v.  Longa,  Allium  victoriale  —  v.  Rotunda, 
Gladiolus  vulgaris. 

VICTCS  ratio,  Diet. 

VfDANGES,  Lochia. 

VIDIAN  CANAL,  Pterygoid  canal— v.  Nerve, 
Pterygoid  nerve. 

VIE,  Life  —  V.  Dur^e  de  la,  sec  Longevity — v. 
3/oyeuue,  see  Longevity. 
VIEILLESSE,  Senectus. 

VIELLOTTE,  Colchicum  autumnale. 

VIEliGE,  Virgin. 

17/'  ARGENT,  Hydrargyrum. 

VIGILANCE,  Insomnia. 

VIGIL ANTIA,  Egregorsis. 

YIGILATIO,  Egregorsis. 

VIGILIA,  Egregorsis. 

VIGILI^,  Egregorsis — v.  Nimiae,  Coma  vigil. 

VIGILIUM,  Egregorsis. 

VIGNE,  Vitis  vinifera  —  v.  Jilanche,  Bryonia 

j,ll,,i ,..  (ie  Jiidee,  Solanum  dulcamara — v.  dii 

Xoril,  Ilumulus  lupulus— I'.  Vierge,  Bryonia  alba. 

VIGNETTE,  Spiriea  ulmaria. 

VIGNOBLE,  Mercurialis. 

VIGOR,  Acme. 

VILLA  FRANCA,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  This 
little  town  Is  situate  immediately  to  the  eastward 
of  Montalbano,  which  separates  the  bay  of  Villa 
Fri'nca  from  that  of  Nice.  It  is  on  the  southern 
declivity  of  a  steep  and  lofty  range  of  mountains; 


and  is  more  effectually  sheltered  from  the  north 
and  north-west  winds  than  Nice,  with  the  climate 
of  which  that  of  Villa  Franca  closely  corresponds. 
VILLI,  see  Villous  membranes. 
VILLOUS,  Villo'sus,  (F.)  Villetix,  from  villus, 
'a  hair.' 

Villous  Mkmbraxes  or  Coats.  VeJ/imen'ia 
Bovd/yc" ilia,  (F.)  Jlembranes  villeiises,  Membravt n 
veloiites,  are  such  as  are  covered  with  soft  papillju 
or  Villi,  Flocci,  Floc'cidi,  Vesic' iilep,  Ct/liu'dri, 
Tubi  J/embraiia'cei,  constituted  of  blood-vessels, 
nerves,  and  absorbents;  or  such  as  are  covereil 
with  fine  down,  so  as  to  cause  them  to  feel  soft 
and  velvety.  The  term  is,  however,  chiefly  re- 
stricted to  the  former.  Chaussier  gives  the  name 
simple  villous  viembraiies  to  the  serous  mem- 
branes; and  that  o'i  complicated  or  follicular  vil- 
lous membraiies  to  the  mucous  membranes. 

VIN,  Wine  —  v.  de  Bordeaux,  Claret  —  v.  de 
Ponlet,  see  Poulet — v.  de  Qiiiiiqiiiiia  compost,  Vi- 
tuim  de  klna  kinficompositum — v.  Iloiii/e  d'Oportu, 
Vinum  Portugallicum  —  v.  Sec,  Sack. 

VINAIGUE,  Acetum,  see  Aceticum  acidum — 
V.  Scillitique,  Acetum  scillse — v.  de  Bois,  Pyru- 
llgneous  acid.  ^ 

VINAIGRES  MEDICINAUX,  Acetica. 
VINCA  MINOR,  V.  }iervin'ca,  from  viiicio,  'I 
bind,'  because  of  its  usefulness  in  making  bands. 
Clem'alis   daphnoVdea   major.   Lesser  jieritriiikle, 
(F.)    I'erveiiche,    Violette    des    Sorcicrs.     It     has 
bitter  and  astringent  properties,  and  has  beea 
used  in  gargles  and  diseases  of  the  chest. 
VINCETOXICUM,  Asclepias  vineetoxicum. 
VINCTURA,  Fascia. 
VINCULA,  Fascia. 

VINCULUM,   Bandage,    Lien  —  v.   Caninum, 
Fra;n\im  penis — v.  Linguae,  Fraenum  lingua: — v.  . 
Praeputii,  Friunum  penis — v.  Umbilioale,  Funicu- 
lus umbilicalis. 

VINE,  Vitis  vinifera — v.  Grape,  Vitis  vinifera. 
Vine  Poison,  Rhus  radicans. 
Vine,  Wild,  Pareira. 

VINEGAR,   AROMATIC    SPIRIT    OF,    see 

Aceticum  acidum. 

'Vinegar  of  Cantharides,  Acetum  cantharidis. 

Vinegar,  Common,  Acetum  —  v.  Distilled,  see 

Aceticum  acidum  —  v.  Estragon,  Artemisia  dra- 

cuneulus — v.  Marseilles,  Acetum  aroraaticum. 

Vinegar  of  Meadow  Saffron,  Acetum  col- 
chici  —  V.  of  Opium,  Guttas  nigrse. 
Vinegar,  Radical,  Aceticum  acidum. 
Vinegar  of  Squills,  Acetum  scillaa — v.  of  the 
Four  Thieves,  Acetum  aromaticum. 

Vinegar,  Thieves',  Acetum  aromaticum  —  v. 
Whey,  see  Acetum. 

Vinegar  of  Wood,  see  Aceticum  acidum. 
VINETTE,  Rumex  acetosa. 
VINETTIER,  Oxyacantha  Galeni. 
VINEUX,  Vinous. 
VINOLENTA,  see  Temulentia. 
VINOLENTIA,  Temulentia. 
VINOSUS,  Vinous. 

VINOUS,  Vino'siis,  (Eno'des,  (Eiioi'des,  (F.) 
Viiieux,  from  vinum,  'wine.'  Relating  to  wine. 
Having  the  character  of,  or  resembling,  wine. 
Made  of  wine. 

VINUM,  Wine,  Sherry  wine  (Ph.  U.  S.  1842). 
See  Wine.  A  medicinal  wine,  (F.)  Vin  medicinal, 
Onole,  Onolature. 

Vinum  Absinthi'tes,  Tr/neo/ TFornucoorf.  {Fol. 
absinth.  e.vsic.,  absinth.  Pontic.,  aa  gvj,  viui  albi 
Olv.  Macerate  for  24  hours,  and  strain.  J'h.  P.) 
Stimulant,  tonic,  febrifuge,  vermifuge. 

Vinum  Adustum,  Brandy  —  v.  Album,  Sherry 
wine  (Ph.  U.  S.  1851),  see  Wine— v.  Album  HIs- 
panicum,  see  Wine  —  v.  Album  Montanum,  see 
Wine. 

Vl.NUM  Al'oes,  V.  aloes  Sneotori'na  seu  aloet'- 
icum  seu  aro'mo-aloeticum,  Tinctu'ra  hi'era,Tinct- 


VINUM 


968 


VINUM 


u'ra  sacra,  Wine  of  Aloes.  (Aloes  in  pulv.  5J, 
cardam.  cont.,  Zinyib.  cont.,  aa  3J  >  *""'  ""'•  ^j- 
Ivlaccrace  for  14  days,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  8.) 
Purgative  and  stomachic,  according  to  the  dose. 
Do>e,  f3j  to  f5ij. 

YiNUM  Amaki.'M,  v.  Gentianfe  comp. — v.  Aina- 
rum  scillitioum,  Ac,  V.  diureticum  aniarutn  —  v. 
Aiuanun  cum  spiritii  vini,  Y.  gentiaiiae  composi- 
tum  —  V.  Antiiiioniale,  V.  antimonii  tartarizati  — 
V.  Antiiiioniatum  Iluxhami,  V.  antimonii  tartari- 
zati— V.  Antimonii  potassio-tartratis,  V.  antimonii 
tai'tarizati. 

VlNliM  Antimo'niI,  V.  antimo'itii  tartariza'ti  seu 
tartiu'tis  ojitimonii  seu  uiitimo'iiii  potas'sio-tar- 
tiatis  seu  heiiedic'lum  seu  antimouiu'tiim  Htuha'- 
vii  seu  antlmouiale  seu  emet'icum,  Liquor  tar'turi 
einet'ici,  Etsen'tia  antimonii  seu  etih'ii,  Aqua 
htnedic'ta  Kidan'di,  Solution  of  tar'turized  atiti- 
moiiy,  Antlnionial  wine.  (Ant.  et  Potass,  tart,  yj, 
vini  (ilbi  f.^x.  Dissolve  the  tartarized  aiitimciny 
in  the  wine.  Ph.  U.  S.)  Each  fluidounce  con- 
tains two  grains  of  the  tartrate. 

The  ordinary  Antimonial  icine  is  made  with 
(/Iwoi  o/  antimony  ^j,  sherry  Oiss. 

V.'ind's  Red  Drop  consists  of  a  strong  vinous 
solution  of  tartorized  antimony. 

ViNUM  Antiscorbu'ticijm,  Antiscorbu'tic  wine. 
(Rod.  iirnioracicB  recent,  ^j,  fol.  coehlearim  re- 
cent., nostiirtii  aquatic,  trij'ol.  aquatic,  aemin.  ai- 
iinp.,  aa  ^ss,  annnoiiicB  mnriat.  3U>  vin.  albi  Oij. 
Macerate  for  36  hours  ;  filter,  and  add  tincturcB 
cochlear,  ^ss.  Ph.  P.)  Stimulant  and  tonic. 
Dose,  f.^ss  to  f^ij. 

ViNUM  Aromat'icum,  Aromatic  wine.  (Species 
oroiualic.  ,^iv,  vin.  ruhr.  Oij.  Macerate  for  G 
days  and  filter.  Ph.  P.)  Stimulant  and  tonic. 
Used,  externally,  in  fomentations,  embrocations, 

Visum  Aromo-alokticum,  V.  aloes  —  v.  Bene- 
dietum,  V.  antimonii  tartarizati. 

ViNUM  Campa'num,  V.  Cam])ajia'ceum.  Cham- 
pagne wine.  A  well-known  sparljling  wine  of 
France.     See  Wine. 

VixuM  Canaiunum,  see  Wine — v.  Chalybeatum, 
V.  ferri  —  v.  Cinchonas  compositum,  V.  de  kini 
kina  comp. 

YlNlTM  Col'chiCI,  V.  Colchici  Radi'cis,  Wine 
of  Colchicum,  Want's  Eau  d'Husson.  (Colchic. 
rod.  bene  contus.  Ibj.  vini  alb.  Oij.  Macerate  for 
li  days,  with  occasional  agitation,  and  then  ex- 
press strongly,  and  filter.  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  may 
;ilso  be  jirepared  by  displacement.  Diuretic,  se- 
(!;itive,  and  purgative.  Chiefly  used  in  gout. 
Dose,  gtt.  40  to  f's. 

Reynolds's  Specific  for  gout  and  rheumatism 
consisted  of  the  fresh  bulb  of  Colchicum  ^viij. 
Sherry  icine,  f^xvj.  The  colchicum  was  mace- 
rated for  eight  or  ten  days  in  the  wine,  at  a  gentle 
heat;  coloured  with  syrup  of  pojtpies  and  fla- 
voured with  rum.  Reynolds  is  said  to  have 
killed  himself  by  taking  an  over-dose  of  it. 

ViNUM  Colchici  Radicis,  V.  colchici. 

Vi.NUM  Colchici  Seji'inis,  Wine  of  Colchicum 
seed.  (Colchic.  sem.  cont.  ^iv;  viiii  alb.  Oij. 
Macerate  for  14  days,  with  occasional  agitation, 
then  express  and  filter.    Ph.  U.  S.)     Dose,  f3J  to 

ViNUM  Crematum,  Brandy. 

ViNUM  Diuret'icum  Ama'rum,  V.  amarum 
scillit'icum  conipos'itum  in  Charita'tis  Nosocomi'o 
I'lurpa'tum,  Bitter  diuret'ic  wine.  (Cort.  cinchon., 
Wintcran.,  Union.,  ail  ^ij,  rhus  tojicodendr.,  scil- 
IcB,  cacumin.  nnyelicce,  aa  ,5ss.  fol.  absinth.,  me- 
lisste,  aa  ,^j,  haccar.  junip.,  v)acis,  aa  ^ss,  vin. 
alb.  Oviij.  Macerate  and  filter.  Ph.  P.)  Stimu- 
lant, tonic,  and  diuretic.     Dose,  f.^ss  to  f5iss. 

ViNUM  E.MKTici'jr,  V.  antimonii  tartarizati. 

ViNUjr  Er'gOT.H,  Wine  of  Eryot.  (Ergot a, 
cont.,  ^iji  vini  alb.  Oj.     Macerate  for  14  days, 


with  occasional  agitation;  then  e.xpress  and  filter. 
Ph.  U.  S.)  Dose,  TT\,.\x  to  I'^j  to  produce  the 
peculiar  effects  of  ergot. 

ViMiM  Fkhuatum,  V.  Ferri. 

VlNl'M  Fekiu,  v.  Chalyhca'tum  seu  fcrra'lum 
seu  JJartia'luni  seu  J/artis,  Tinctura  jiartis  vi- 
no'sa  seu  Martis  cum  vino,  Sleel  wine,  Wine  of' 
Iron.  (Iron  wire,  5J  ;  Sherry  wine,  Oij  (Imp. 
meas.).  Digest  for  thirty  days  and  filter.  Ph.  L.) 
Tonic.     Dose,  f,:5j  to  fgiv. 

It  is  sometimes  made  by  adding  two  pints  of 
wine  to  two  ounces  of  iron  Jiiinys  ;  macerating  and 
filtering. 

ViNUM  Gentia'NjE,  V.  G.  Coynpos'iium  sou 
Ama'rum  seu  Amarum  cum  epirilii  \iui,  Jnfu'- 
sum  ama'rum  vino'sum,  Compound  teine  of  yen- 
tian,  Wine  bitters.  (Rad.  yentian.  tutem  ^ss,  cort. 
cinchon.  o£ic.  ^j,  cort.  aurant.  ^ij,  canella  alb, 
3J.  alcohol,  dilut.  f  ,^iv,  villi  alb.  IJisjjanic.  Oijss. 
Ph.  E.)     Dose,  f  3;]  to  f.^^vj. 

ViMLM  lliPi'ocKATU  I'M,  C'lnrct — v.  Ilispanicum, 
Vinum,  see  Wine — v.  Ilordeaceum,  Cerevisia — v. 
Hydatodes,  see  Hydatoid. 

VlNUM  IpecaCI'An'hJ3,  Jpecacuan'ha  wine. 
(Ipecacuan.  cont.  ^ij,  vini  alb.  Oij.)  Macerate 
for  14  days,  express,  and  filter.  Emetic  and  dia- 
phoretic.    Dose,  as  an  emetic,  f^iv  to  f^x. 

ViNUM  DE  Kina  Kina  Cojipos'itum,  Wcincho'- 
nm  compositum,  Compound  bark  wine,  (F.)  Vin  de 
quinquina  compose.  (Cort.  cinchon.  pulv.  Ibss, 
qiiassice,  cort.  Winteraii.,  cort.  aurant.  sice,  iia 
gss,  alcohol.  (12°  to  22°  Eeaumfi)  Oj.  Macerate 
for  24  hours;  and  add  vini  albi  Oyj.  Macerate 
for  four  days,  and  filter.  Ph.  P.)  Tonic,  febri- 
fuge, and  stomachic.     Dose,  f  ,^ss  to  f,§ij. 

ViNUM  Martiatum,  V.  ferri  —  v.  Martis,  V. 
ferri — v.  Medicatum.  see  Claret. 

ViNUM  Medicina'le,  3/ed'icated  Wine.  Wine, 
holding  in  solution  one  or  more  medicines.  Me- 
dicinal wines  are  obtained  by  macerating  or  di- 
gesting medicinal  substauees  in  wine.  They 
difi'er,  of  course,  according  to  the  nature  of  the 
medicine  employed,  the  strength  of  the  wine,  &c. 
In  a  late  Pharmacopoeia  of  the  London  College, 
all  the  wines  were  changed  into  weak  tinctures; 
but  the  old  names  were  left  unaltered.  Siierry  is 
the  wine  usually  employed.  The  following  are 
medicated  wines. 

ViNUM  Merum,  Acratum — v.  Nicotianse  tabaei, 
V.  tabaei  —  v.  Opiatum  fermentatione  paratum, 
Laudanum  abbatis  Rousseau. 

Vinum  O'pii,  V.  de  opio  conipos'itnm,  Laud'- 
onum  liq'uidmn  Sydenha'mi  seu  Hofl'inan'ni, 
Tinctu'ru  Theba'ica,  Wine  of  Opium,  A^ydcnham's 
Laud'unnm,  Ford's  laudanum.  (Opii  in  pulv. 
,5'j  j  cinnam.  cont.,  caryophy/L  cont.  aa  ,^j,  vini 
albi  Oj.  Macerate  for  14  days;  express  and 
filter. — Ph.  U.  S.)     Narcotic.     Dose,  gtt.  xv  to 

Vinum  de  Opio  Compositum,  V.  opii — v.  Pica- 
tum,  Pissites. 

Vinum  Poiitugal'liciim,  V.  rubrum,  (Ph.  U.  S. 
1851,)  (F.)  Vin  rouf/e  d' Oporto.  AVine  of  P(ntu- 
gal  or  of  Oporto.  Port  wine.  A  strong  astrin- 
gent wine,  not  much  drunk  in  the  United  States; 
but  greatly  used  in  England. 

Vinum  Qiii'nIjE,  Wine  of  Qui'nia.  (  VlViis  Ibij, 
sulphate  of  qninia  gr.  .\.  Mix.)  Dose,  f  ,^iss  or 
more;  according  as  it  is  used  as  a  stomachic,  or 
to  arrest  ague.  A  Vinum  Cincho'nia  may  be 
made  in  the  same  way. 

Vinum  Ruei,  F.  R.  pulma'ti,  V.  Rhabarbari, 
Tinctura  Rhabar'bari  Vino'sa,  Elixir  Rhei  diilce, 
E.  R.  Compos'  itum.  Rhubarb  Wine.  (Rhei 
cont.  ^^ij,  canellfB  cont.  ^},  alcohol,  dilut.  f  ^ij, 
vinicdbi,  Oj.  Macerate  for  14  days;  express  and 
filter.  —  /•"/(.  U.  S.)  Laxative  and  stimulant. 
Dose,  f^iv  to  f_^iss. 

ViKUM  Khei  PALMAn,  V.  Rhei — v.  Rhcnanum, 


VIOL 


9  09 


VIROSUS 


gee  Wine  — V.  Rhabarbnri,  V.  rhei  palmati  —v. 
Rubruin,  V.  Portugullicum  — v.  Kubrum  Portu- 
gallicuin,  see  Wine. 

y'^'l'*'^'fAB'ACl.  Vhium  Nicotin'no!  Tahaci,  To- 
Uc'co  Wine.  (Tulxtc.  incis.  ,^j,  rini  nlbl,  Oj. 
Macerate  for  14  days;  express"  and  strain.  Ph. 
U.  S.)  Narcotic,  diuretic,  and  antispasmodic. 
In  dropsical  ca.«es,  colica  pictonuin,  and  ileus. 
Not  used.     Dose,  gtt.  xx  to  xxxvj. 

Visum  Vkra'tri,  V.  V.  olhi,  Wine  of  White 
Ilel'lihore.  (Veratri  co  ii  t.  "^'w  ;  Vint  ulbi,  Oj. 
Macerate  for  14  days,  express  and  filter. — Ph.  U. 
S.)  Ill  cutaneous  affections,  and  in  gout.  Dose, 
ten  minims. 

Visum  Veratri  Albi,  V.  Veratri — v.  Xericum, 
see  Viiium. 

VIOL,  Stuprum. 

VI'OLA,  Viola  odora'ta  seu  mar'tia,  Ton,  Ma- 
tronii'lis,  Viola'ria,  Sweet  Violet,  (F.)  Violefte 
a  boiKjitetn,  V.  odorante.  Ord.  Violaceso.  The 
floweis  of  the  sweet  violet,  have  a  pleasant,  pecu- 
culiar  od(ur,  and  scarcely  any  taste.  They  are 
slightly  laxative. 

Viola  Cani'na,  V.  sijlnes'tris,  Dog  Violet.  The 
root  of  this  plant  is  emetic  and  cathartic.     Dose, 

Viola  Ipecaoitanha,  see  Ipecacuanha  —  v. 
Lutea,  Cheiranthus  cheiri — v.  Martia,  Viola — v. 
Odorata,  Viola — v.  Palustris,  Pinjjuioola  vulgaris. 

Viola  Pkda'ta,  Viola,  (Ph.  U.  S.)  This  in- 
digenous violet,  which  grows  from  New  England 
to  Carolina,  is  regarded  by  some  as  a  useful  de- 
mulcent in  pectoral  affections. 

Viola  Svlvestris,  V.  Canina. 

Viola  Tui'color,  Jnee'a  tricolor, IJerha  seu  Floa 
Trinitti'tit,  Heart's  ease,  Pansy,  Peiwy,  Pansies, 
(Prov.)  Bcedi/'s  eyes,  liiddy's  eyes,  (F.)  Pensfe, 
P.  aanvaije.  The  decoction  of  this  beautiful  little 
plant  has  been  recommended  in  diseases  of  the 
skin,  Ac.    Its  roots  are,  also,  emetic  and  cathartic. 

VIOLARIA,  Viola. 

VIOLET,  DOG,  Viola  canina— v.  Dog's  Tooth, 
ErythroniuTn  Aniericanum. 

Violet  Rloom,  Solanum  dulcamara. 

Violet,  Sweet,  Viola. 

VIOLETTE  A  BOVQ  UETS,  Viola— u.  Odor- 
ante   Viola — v.  des  Sorcicrs,  Vinca  minor. 

VIOLIER  JAUNE,  Cheiranthus  cheiri. 

VIOHNA,  Clematis  vitalba. 

VIPER,  EGYPTIAN,  Aspis  —  v.  Ten-inch 
long,  Echidna  ocellata. 

Vii'Kii  Grass,  Scorzonera. 

VIl'ERA,  Coluber  berus. 

VIPERARIA,  Aristolochia  serpentaria,  Scor- 
zonera. 

VIPERINA  VIRGINIANA,  Aristolochia  ser- 
pentaria. 

VII'ERJNE  DE  VIRGINIE,  Aristolochia 
serpentaria. 

VIPER'S  DANCE,  Chorea. 

VIR,  Aner,  Penis — v.  Etfoeminatus,  Gynaecaner. 

VIHAtiO.  see  Pogoniasis. 

VIHKUX,  Virulent. 

VIRtJA,  Penis — v.  Cerea,  Bourjie — v.  Cerebri, 
Pineal  inland. 

VIKGILLA.  Cladrastis  tinctoria. 

VIRtjIN,  Virgo,  genitive  virginis,  Par'thenns, 
Expers  nnplia'rum,  (F.)  Vierge,  Pucelle.  A  fe- 
male who  has  never  had  sexual  intercourse.  Ap- 
jilied,   also,  occasionally  to  the  male  so  eircum- 

VlllGIN-MARY  THISTLE,  Centaurea  bene- 

dicta. 

VIR'GTNAL,  Virginn'le,  from  vtrgo.virgnrts,  'a 
virgin.'    The  external  genital  organs  of  the  virgin. 

ViR(!iv\L  Membrane,  Hymen. 

VI  RGIN'IA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  There 
are  several  celebrated  uiinenil  springs  in  Virginia, 


on  the  western  side  of  the  Blue  Ridge.  Two 
Thermal  s{>rings  exist  in  Bath  county.  The 
Warm  Spring,  as  it  is  called,  issues  with  a  bold 
stream,  sufficient  to  turn  a  mill,  and  to  keep  the 
water  of  its  basin  at  the  temperature  of  97°.  The 
Hot  Spring  is  a  few  miles  from  the  warm.  Its 
temperature  is  107°.  They  are  both  slightly  sul- 
phureous. The  Siceet  Springs  are  at  the  eastern 
foot  of  the  Allegheny,  in  Botetourt  county;  42 
miles  from  the  Warm  Springs.  The  waterhas  a 
temperature  of  70°,  and  is  highly  impregnated 
with  carbonic  acid.  The  While  Snljihnr,  as  well 
as  the  lied  Sulphur,  and  Salt  Snljjhur  Springs, 
are  also  much  celebrated.  The  Red  Spring  is 
afHrnied  to  exert  a  sedative  influence  on  the 
pulse,  diminishing  the  number  of  its  beats. 
Prof.  W.  13.  Rogers  analyzed  the  water  of  the 
White  Sulphur,  and  found  it  to  be  composed  as 
follows:  —  Gaseous  contents  in  a  wine  gallon. 
Sulphuretted  hydrogen,  2'5  cubic  inches,  carbonic 
acid,  2;  oxyyen,  1-448;  nitrogen,  .3-552. — Total, 
9'5.  Solid  contents  in  a  pint;  sulphate  of  mag- 
nesia, 5-588  grains;  sulphate  of  lime,  7'744;  car- 
bonate of  lime,  1-150  ;  chloride  <f  calcium,  0-204  ; 
chloride  of  sodium,  0-180  ;  oxide  of  iron,  a  trace; 
loss,  0-410.     Total,  15-276  grains. 

The  liochbridge  Alum  Springs  are  situated  17 
miles  west  of  Lexington,  and  are  in  much  favour. 
Their  solid  constituents  are  said  to  be, — sulphate 
of  potassa,  1  -765  gr. ;  suli)hate  of  lime,  3-263  ;  sul- 
phate of  magnesia,  1-703  ;  protoxide  of  iron,  4-863; 
alumina,  17-905;  crenate  of  ammonia,  0-700; 
chloride  of  sodium,  1-008;  silicic  acid,  2-840  ;  free 
sulphuric  acid,  l,r224;  free  carbonic  acid,  7-536 
—  water  58315-133.  They  are  used  in  dys- 
pepsia, scrofula,  chronic  diarrhoea,  and  cutaneous 
affections.  The  Both  Alum  Springs  are  about  17 
miles  west  of  the  Rockbridge  Springs,  in  Bath 
county.  They  consist  of  free  sulplmric  acid, 
7-878  grs  ;  carbonic  acid,  3-846  :  sulphate  of  po- 
tassa, 0-258;  magnesia,  1-282;  lime,  2-639;  pro- 
toxide of  iron,  21-776;  alumina,  12-293;  crenate 
of  ammonia,  1-776;  silicate  of  soda,  3-150  ;  water, 
58317-202.  They  are  more  chalybeate  than  thelast. 

About  15  miles  from  Staunton  are  Siribling's 
Sj>rings- — a  sulphuretted  water  ;  and  near  War- 
re)ito)i,  in  Fatiquier  count)/,  there  is  a  sulphu- 
reous water,  called  Lee's  Springs,  which  is  much 
frequented.  Berl-hy  or  Bath,  and  Capon  Spri]ig8 
are  likewise  celebrated. 

VinGiNiA,  Hvmen. 

VIRGINIS  VlTIATIO,  Defloration. 

VIR(7lN'ITY,  Virgin'ilas,  Parthenei'n,  Tnteg'- 
ritas,  J/aid'enhood.  Maid'enhead,  (F.)  Virginitf, 
Pucelage ;  from  virgo,  rirginis,  'a.  virgin.'  The 
state  of  one  who  has  never  had  carnal  commerce. 

VIRGIN'S  BOWER,  COMMON,  Clemntis 
vitalba.  Clematis  Virginica — v.  Bower,  upright. 
Clematis  recta — v.  Sweet-scented,  Clematis  flam- 
mula. 

Virgin's  Milk,  Lac  Vir'ginis  seu  Virgina'le, 
(F.)  Lait  virginal.  A  tincture  of  benjamin  or 
of  any  other  Ijalsam,  precipitated  by  the  addition 
of  water,  which  gives  it  a  milky  appearance. 
Also,  sub-acetate  of  lead  precipitated  by  water.  It 
has  been  used  as  a  cosmetic  to  remove  freckles,  <tc. 

VIRGINITAS  DEFLORATA,  Defloration. 

VIRGO,  Virgin — v.  Aurea,  Solidago  virgaurea. 

VIRGULA.  Penis. 

VIR  IDE  .ERIS,  Cupri  subacetas  — v.  Monta- 
num.  Cuprum. 

VIRILE.  Penis. 

VIRILES'CEXCE:  from  ririlis,  (rir,  'aman,') 
'  manly.'  The  state  of  the  aged  female  in  which 
she  assumes  certain  of  the  characteristics  of  the 
male.  —  Mehliss. 

VIRILLA,  Pudibilia. 

VIRILITY,  Adult  age. 

VIROSUS,  Virulent. 


VIRTUE 


970 


VITAL 


VIRTUE,  Facultv. 

VIRTUS  FOKMATRIX,  Plastic  force  —  v. 
Plastira,  Plastic  force. 

VIR'ULExNT,  Vintlen'tng,  Viro'sus,  (F.)  Vi- 
rei(.c,  from  vims.  That  wliich  is  of  the  nature 
of  a  virus  or  which  is  caused  by  a  virus.  Highly 
noxious. 

VIRUS,  from  via,  '  force,' plural  ivVes  [?].  A 
Latin  word,  which  signifies  poison  ;  but  which, 
in  medicine,  has  a  somewhat  different  accepta- 
tion. By  it  is  understood  a  principle,  unknown 
in  its  nature  and  inappreciable  by  the  senses, 
which  is  the  agent  for  the  transmission  of  infec- 
tious diseases.  Thus  we  speak  of  the  vniialic, 
rncviiie,  and  syphilitic  vincses.  Virus  differs  from 
venom  in  the  latter  being  a  secretion  natural  to 
certain  animals,  whilst  the  former  is  always  the 
result  of  a  morbid  process,  —  a  morbid  poison. 

Virus,  Ichor,  Poison,  Sanies  —  v.  Vaccine,  see 
Vaccina  —  v.  Vitale,  Sperm. 

VIS,  Force — v.  Adha'sionis,  Cohesion  (force 
of) — V.  Attraetionis,  Cohesion  (force  of)  —  v. 
Aucta,  Sthenia  —  v.  Cohaesionis,  Cohesion  (force 
of) — V.  Conservatrix,  V.  medicatrix  naturae  — 
V.  Elastica,  Elasticity  —  v.  Essentialis,  Plastic 
force. 

Vis  Expul'trix.  The  organic  force  by  which, 
it  was  supposed,  the  useless  was  removed  from 
the  body. 

Vis  Formativa,  Plastic  force  —  v.  Generatrix, 
Potentia  generandi — v.  Imminuta,  Asthenia — v. 
Insita,  Irritability— V.  Irritabilitatis,  Irritability. 

Vis  Medica'trix  Natu'r.*;,  V.  couserva'trix, 
Aiitocrnti'a,  Autotiom'in,  Autocrnto'ria,  Autliij- 
gian'sis,  Aiitnthcrii]>ei'a,  Physiai'rice,  Pln/xio- 
autocrati'a,  Physiaiitocrfiti'a,  (F.)  Force  viedicn- 
frice.  A  term,  employed  by  some,  to  express 
that  instinctive  healing  power,  in  an  animal  or 
vegetalile,  by  virtue  of  which  it  can  repair  inju- 
ries inflicted  upon  it,  or  remove  disease. 

A''is  jMbtabolica,  Metabolic  force. 

Vis  Mor'tua,  Under  this  name  Ilaller  in- 
cluded the  mechanical  properties  of  membrane, 
— flexibility,  extensibility,  elasticity,  &e. — which 
are  totally  independent  of  the  vital  properties. 
They  remain  some  time  after  the  complete  ex- 
tinction of  life  in  all  its  functions  ;  seem  to  be 
connected  with  the  mechanical  arrangement  of 
particles  and  the  chymical  composition  of  the 
fcubstance  in  which  they  reside,  and  not  to  be 
affected  until  the  progress  of  decomposition  has 
become  sensible. 

Vis  Miisci'LARis,  Myodynamia — v.  Nervorum, 
Nervous  power — v.  Nervosa.  Nervous  power — v. 
Plastica,  Plastic  force — v.  Reproductiva,  Plastic 
force  —  v.  Vitie,  Irritability. 

Vis  Vita'lis,  Vis  seu  Fac'idtas  Zn'tien.  (F.) 
Force  vitide.  The  vital  force — liiod  of  Baron 
A'on  Reichenbaeh — which  distinguishes  living 
matter  from  the  dead.     Also,  Irritability. 

Vis  Zotica.  Vis  vitalis. 

VISAGE,  Countenance. 

VISCAGO  BEHEN,  Cucubalus  behen. 

VISCERA,  Entrails. 

VISCERAL,  Splanchnic. 

VISCERALIS,  Stomachal. 

VISCERATION,  Exenterismus. 

VISCERES,  Entrails. 

VISCONIA,  Physconia. 

VISCUM  ALBUM,  /xoo,  Tx'ia,  Dahach,  Mis'. 
tJetoe,  (F.)  Gni,  Giii  de  Clique,  Gilloii.  A  para- 
sitic plant,  which  grows  on  a  number  of  trees. 
Order,  LoranthaceiB.  Se.r.  S'l/sf.  Dicecia  Tetran- 
dria.  That  of  the  oak —  Viscum  querci'num — has 
been  most  celebrated,  but  it  does  not  differ  from 
the  others.  It  was,  at  one  time,  much  used  in 
epilepsy  and  other  neuroses;  the  wood  or  leaves 


being  given  in  powder,  in  the  dose  of  J^ss  or  ^j. 
The  berries,  also  called  I'ummes  ht'inorrlioidolis, 
from  their  supposed  virtues,  ore  drastic;  and, 
when  applied  externally,  are  maturative. 

VisciiM  Capen'sk.  A  South  African  parasitic 
shrub,  which  grows  on  the  stems  of  several  spe- 
cies of  Rhus  and  Euclea. 

VisruM  Flavks'cens,  F.  verlicilla'tum.  Yellow 
or  Yel'lowish  Jilis'ftetoe,  indigenous,  has  been 
given  in  similar  cases  as  the  r/«ci(m  ollmm. 

Visci'M  Verticim.atum,  V.  flavesccns. 

VISIO,  Pupil,  Vision. 

VIS'ION,  JSi(jlit,  Vis'in,  Visus,  from  ridere, 
visttm,  'to  see;'  Opsis,  Omnia,  (F.)  Viie.  The 
action  of  seeing.  The  sight  is.  one  of  the  live 
senses,  and  the  eye  is  its  organ.  By  it  wo 
distinguish  colours,  and  appreciate  most  of  the 
physical  qualities  of  external-objects.  Tiie  eye  is 
composed  of  different  transparent  media,  whoso 
curvatures  and  refractive  powers  are  so  combined 
as  to  render  insensible  the  aberrations  of  spheri- 
city and  refrangibility,  and  to  concentrate  the 
numerous  rays  proceeding  from  more  or  less 
distant  objects.  These  rays  traverse,  succes- 
sively, the  transparent  cornea,  the  aqueous  hu- 
mour, the  crystalline,  the  vitreous  humour,  and 
strike  upon  the  retina,  on  which  tlicy  impress 
the  figure  of  the  object  whence  they  have  pro- 
ceeded ;  and,  in  order  that  no  obscurity  may  arise 
from  the  reflections  that  might  otherwise  oircur, 
the  anterior  of  the  eye  is  lined  by  a  membrane — 
the  choroid — which  is  itself  covered  internally  by 
a  dark  pigment.  This  absorbs  the  light,  like  the 
dark  pigment  in  the  interior  of  telescopes,  and 
thus  obviates  confusion.  As  the  rays  proceeding 
from  an  object  must  cross  each  other  in  their 
course  to  the  retina,  it  follows  that  those  pro- 
ceeding from  the  upper  part  of  an  ol)je(t  must 
fall  upon  the  lower  part  of  the  retina,  and  con- 
versely ;  so  that  the  object  must  be  impressed 
upon  the  retina  in  an  inverted  position;  yet  ex- 
perience teaches  us  to  appreciate  the  position  ac- 
curately. 

Vision,  Binocular,  see  Binocular  —  t.  Co- 
loured, Chromopsia  —  v.  Double,  Dipbi])ia  —  v. 
Iridescent,  Chromopsia  —  v.  Manifold,  Polyopsia 
—  v.  Multiple,  Polyopsia  —  v.  Phantasmalum, 
Metamorphopsia  —  v.  Single,  see  Binocular. 

VISNOMY,  Physiognomy. 

VISORIUM  ORGANUM,  Eye. 

VISORIUS,  Visual. 

VIS'UAL,  Visun'lis,  Vi>:o'ri„s,  (F.)  VisueJ. 
Same  etymon  as  Vision.  That  which  concerns 
the  sight  or  belongs  to  vision. 

Visual  Angle  is  the  angle  formed  by  the 
crossing  of  two  rays,  proceeding  from  opposite 
points  of  any  body,  in  their  passage  through  the 
pupil.  It  is  by  the  size  of  this  angle  that  we  judge, 
to  a  certain  extent,  of  the  dimensions  of  objects. 

VISUEL,  Visual. 

VISUS,  Vision  —  v.  Acris,  Oxydercia  —  v. 
Acrior,  Nyctalopia  —  v.  Coloratus,  Chromopsia — 
V.  Debilitas,  Asthenopia  —  v.  Decolor,  Achroma- 
topsia— v.  Defiguratus,  Metamorphopsia — v.  Di- 
midiatus,  Ilemiopia — v.  Diurnus,  Ilemeralnpia — 
V.  Duplicatus,  Diplopia — v.  Ilebetudo,  Amblyopia 
— V.  Juvenum,  Myopia — v.  Lucidus,  Photopsia — 
V.  Muscarum,  see  Metamorphopsia — v.  Nebulo- 
sus.  Nebula — v.  Nocturnus,  Nyctalopia — v.  Seni- 
lis, Presbytia. 

VITA,  Life — v.  Propria,  Irritability. 

VITAL,  Vita'lis,  Biot'ic,  liiot'iciis,  (F.)  Vital, 
from  vita,  'life.'  Relating  or  appertaining  to 
life. 

Vital  CapAc"itY,  Puhnou'ic  or  Luiir/  capiadly. 
A  term  employed  by  Dr.  Hutchinson  to  designate 
the  number  of  cubic  inches  of  air,  which  a  person 
can  forcibly  expire  after  a  full  inspiration. 


V I T  A  L  r>  A 


971 


VIVIPARITY 


Vital  Dynvsiics,  seo  Dynamic— v.  Force,  Vis 
vitiilis. 

Vital  Pkin'i  ii'li:,  Flam'muld  seu  Ania  vil,i'- 
Ji'i,  Jlitn,coi,/„e't<,i;  (F.)  t'Uimme  vilii/e,  Vit'il 
Flame.  Tlie  principle  wliicli,  In  assuuintion  with 
luatler,  as  in  organized  boilios,  contrdis  its  mani- 
festations and  iM-operlies,  and  dislingnisbes  or- 
ganized matter  from  the  inorganic.  We  know 
nothing  of  this  principle,  except  in  its  connexion 
with  organization. 

Vital  Pkoimcktirs,  see  Properties,  vital  —  v. 
Statistics,  Statistics,  medical. 

VITA  LIU.  Clematis  vitalba. 

VI'TALIS-M,  Vitii/iim'iiH.  The  doctrine  of  the 
vitoliiit  —  viUil iii'la  —  who  ascribes  every  function 
of  the  organism  to  the  direct  agency  of  the  vital 
principle. 

VITALIST,  see  Vitalism. 

VITAI/ITY,  r/^-/'//</«,  (F.)  ViinliifjToravita, 
'life'  The  vital  principle:  also,  used  in  the  sense 
of  vital  action  or  movement. 

VITALIZE.     To  endow  with  life. 

VITALS,  Vita'Ua.  Parts  that  are  necessary 
for  life  —  tlie  heart,  dungs,  and  nervous  centres 
more  especiallv. 

VITARO'BbUANT,  PALMER'S.  A  farina- 
ceous preparation,  which  appears  to  consist  of  a 
mixture  of  the  red  or  Arabian  lentil  and  wheat 
Hour,  the  latter  in  considerable  amount,  sweet- 
ened with  sugar.  It  bears  considerable  resem- 
blance to  Revalenta. 

VITELLARY,  Vitelline  —  v.  Membrane,  Zona 
fellucida. 

VITELLINE,  Zona  pcllucida. 

VIT'ELLINE,  Viti'l'liiiuH,  Vit'cUnnj,  Lecltho'- 
les,  from  riteHtiH,  'the  yolk  of  an  egg.'  Apper- 
taining to  or  resembling  the  vitellus  or  yolk. 
Also,  the  yolk  membrane.  See  Vesicula  umbili- 
calis. 

ViTKLLiNB  Disc,  Proligerous  Disc  —  v.  Fluid, 
see  Vesicula  umbiliealis. 

ViTKLLiNK  Pkd'icle  or  Aropii'YSis  is  the  pedi- 
cle which  attaches  the  umbilical  vesicle  to  the 
embryo.     See  Vo^ieula  umbiliealis. 

ViTHLi.iNB  PoiuH,  Vesicula  umbiliealis  —  v. 
Vessels,  0 M) ph a lo- mesenteric. 

VITELLO-MESENTERIC,  Omphalo-mesen- 
teric. 

VITELLUM  OVI,  see  Ovum. 

VITELLUS  OVI,  see  Ovum. 

VITEX,  from  vieo,  'I  bind'  [?] ;  V.  Agnxis  Cas- 
tiia  seu  verticilla'ta,  (F.)  Gattilier,  Petit  Foivre, 
Poivre  de  moine  ou  saiivncje.  Old.  Verbenaccifi. 
Sejc.  Sij'<l.  Didynamia  Angiospermia.  The  Chaste 
Tree.  The  seeds,  when  fresh,  have  a  fragrant 
smell,  and  an  acrid,  aromatic  taste.  Formerly, 
they  were  celebrated  as  antaphrodisiacs. 

VITI  SALT  US."  Chorea. 

VITIA  PRIM^E  COMFORMATIONIS,  see 
Monster. 

VITIATIO,  Stuprum. 

VITILKtINES,  Ephelides. 

VITILIGO,  Lepra — v.  Alphus,  Lepra  alpbo- 
ides — v.  Melas,  Lepra  nigricans — v.  Kigra,  Lepra 
nigricans. 

VITILIGOI'DEA,  from  vitiligo,  and  uftoi,  're- 
semblance.' A  disease  of  the  skin,  so  called 
from  its  resembling  the  vitiligo  of  Willan.  It 
appears  under  two  forms  ;  either  as  tubercles— F. 

inbeni'ia varying  from  the  size  of  a  pin's  head 

to  that  of  a  large  pea,  isolated  or  confluent:  or  as 
yellow  patches  of  irregular  outline,  slightly  ele- 
vated, and  with  but  littb-  hardness— T. /-/«.<((. 

VITIS  ALH.V  SYLVESTRIS,  Bryonia  alba 
—  V.  Apyrena,  see  V.  Corinthiaca. 

ViTis  CoRiNTiiiACA.  0/(/.  VitaceiB.  Sex.  Si/ot. 
Pentnndria  Monogynia.  This  plant  affords  the 
I'va  CoriuthiaciE  paxstE  luiix/re",  Patna  Corin- 
thiaccs,  Pan'mdm  miiw'ics,  Corinth iacce,  Curraiitu, 


(F.)  PaiKins  tie  Corinthe;  which  are  the  dried 
fruit  of  the  Vllin  Corinthiaca  or  Vitie  apyre'nn; 
and  are  similar,  in  their  properties,  to  the  raisin. 

ViTis  IdjKa  Myutillus,  Vaceiniuin  myrtillus 
—  v.  Idffia  Palustris,  Vaccinium  oxycoccos  —  v. 
Idipa  j)unctata,  Vaccinium  vitis  idaea — v.  Sativa, 
V.  vinifera. 

Vitis  Vi.nif'era,  F.  sati'va,  Am'pelon,  A. 
QSiioph'oros,  Grape  vine,  Vine,  (F.)  Vigne. 
Vine  leaves  and  the  tendrils  have  an  astrin- 
gent taste,  and  were  formerly  used  in  diar- 
rhoea, hemorrhage,  <fcc.  The  juice  or  sap,  called 
Lac'ryina,  has  been  recommended  in  calculous 
disorders  and  in  cases  of  chronic  ophthalmi;i. 
The  juice  of  the  unripe  fruit  is  called  Verjuice. 
The  Grape,  Uia,  Botrys,  Staph'yie,  Ithax,  (F.) 
Jiaisiii,  when  ripe,  is  a  wholesome  delicious  fruit; 
and,  when  dried,  forms  the  Uvcb  pasuce  majo'rcn, 
Panii'ultB  maio'res,  Uvcb  paasw  sole  sicca'lee,  L  rix 
passa  (Ph.  tj.  S.),  ZibehcB,  liainiiis.  These  are 
inodorous;  and  to  the  taste,  sub-acidulous,  sweet, 
and  mucilaginous.  They  are  demulcent  and  nu- 
tritive. 

VITIUM,  Disease  —  v.  Caducum,  Epilepsy. 

ViTiiiM  Confokma'tionis.  A  disease  or  fault 
of  conformation. 

ViTiiiM  DiviNUM,  Epilepsy  —  v.  Herculeum, 
Epilepsy  —  v.  Scrophulosum,  Scrofula. 

VITRARIA,  Parietaria. 

VfTNE.  Hyaline. 

VITREO-CAPSULITIS,  Hyalitis. 

VITREOUS,  Hyaline  — V.  Humour,  Corpus 
vitrcum — v.  Humour  of  the  ear,  Vitriiie  auditive. 

VITREUS,  Hyaline. 

VITHEUX,  Ilvaline. 

VITRINA  OCULARIS,  Corpus- vitreum. 

V J  TRINE  AUDITIVE  (F.),  from  vitmm, 
'glass;'  A'ifiiiila  vit'reXi  aiidili'va,  End'olyinjih, 
Liquor  or  Fluid  of  Scarpa,  Vitreous  Ilinimiir  nj' 
the  Ear.  The  fluid  contained  in  the  rni-mliaiioni 
labyrinth  of  the  ear,  so  called  from  its  resem- 
blance to  the  vitreoii-i  humour  of  the  eye. 

VITRIOL,  Ferri  sulphas  — v.  Blue.  Cupri  sul- 
phas— V.  Green,  Ferri  sulphas- — v.  Roman,  Cupri 
sulphas  —  V.  White.  Zinci  sulphas. 

VITRIOLUM  ALBUM,  Zinci  suli)h!.s  — v. 
Ammoniacale,  Amniuniae  sulphas — v.  Ca'ruleuni, 
Cupri  sulphas — v.  Cujiri,  Cupri  sulidias — v.  Cy- 
priuni.  Cupri  suli)has — v.  Ferri.  Ferri  suljihas — v. 
Goslariense,  Zinci  sul)ihas — v.  Mnrtis,  Ferri  sul- 
phas—  V.  Ronianuin,  Cupri  sulphas — v.  Veneris, 
Cupri  sulphas — v.  Viride,  Ferri  sulphas — v.  Zinci, 
Zinci  sulphas. 

VITRUM,  Ily'alos.  Glaxs,  Brancia,  (F.)  Verrc. 
Glass,  coarsely  ])owdered,  has  been  sometimes 
used  to  remove  specks  of  the  cornea. 

Powdered  glass  has  been  regarded,  hut  erro- 
neously, as  a  poison.     It  acts  only  mechanically. 

The  saline  scum,  which  swims  on  glass  when 
first  made,  has  been  used  in  tooth-powders.  It  is 
called  Saiidiver,  Set  de  verre,  Glass  Gall,  Fel 
vitri,  (fee. 

ViTRi'M  Antimonii,  see  Antinionii  vitrum  —  v. 
Ilypoclepticum,  Separatorium  —  v.  Oculare,  see 
Spectacles  —  v.  Sublimatorium,  Aludel. 

VITTA,  Bandelrlte.  Caul. 

VITTARIA  CETERACII,  Asplenium  cete- 
rach. 

VITTIE  VAYR,  Andropogon  inuricatus. 

VIVACE,  from  virar,  vicacit,  {rirere,  'to 
live,')  'living  long,  tenacious  of  life.'  An  epithet 
given  by  Levret  to  uterine  polypi,  which  he  con- 
siders to  be,  commonly,  vegetations  of  some  ulcer 
in  the  interior  of  the  uterus,  and  incurable. 

VIV.ESECTIO.  Vivisection. 

VIVERRA  CIVETTA,  see  Civetta. 

VIVIPARE.  Vivii>arous. 

VIVIPARITE,  see  Viviparous. 


VIVIPAROUS 


972 


VOMICA 


VIVIP'AROUS,  (F.)  Vivipnre,  from  ri't-iis, 
'alive,' and  purio,  'I  bring  lortli.'  An  epitliet 
applied  to  animals  whose  young  are  brougbt  forth 
detachod,  without  requiring  to  be  hatched,  as  in 
the  Orijiiirdiin.  The  condition  may  be  termed 
Vivip'in-diiHiieKH.  (F.)  Vii'ipariie.  See  Generation. 
VIVIPAROUSNESS,  see  Viviparous. 
VIVrSEC'TION,  Viiteec'tio,  Vivasec'tio,  Bio- 
tom'ia,  from  vivus,  'alive,'  and  aecare,  sectuni,  'to 
cut.'  The  act  of  opening  or  dissecting  living 
animals.  One  who  performs  vivisections  is  a 
viviscetor. 

VOCAL,  Oral^-v.  Cords,  see  Cords,  vocal  —  v. 
Ligaments,  see  Cords,  Vocal — v.  Tube,  see  Tube, 
vocal. 

VOCALIS,  Vowel. 

VOCE  DI  PETTO,  see  Voice  —  ?;,  di  Testa, 
see  Voice. 

VOICE,  Vox,  Aude,  Pliojie,  (F.)  Voix,  from 
vociit-e,  'to  name,  to  call.'  An  appreciable  sound 
produced  by  the  air,  when  driven  from  the  lungs, 
throwing  tlie  inferior  ligaments  of  the  glottis  into 
vibration.  The  function  by  which  this  is  effected 
has  been  called  Phomi'tion.  It  is  a  function  of 
animal,  life;  and,  in  animals,  is  limited  to  the 
production  of  the  simple  or  instinct'ive  voice,  as 
well  as  in  the  idiot;  but,  in  intellectual  man,  be- 
comes much  more  complicated  and  articulated, — 
an  evidence  of  his  intellectual  superiority. 

VoiCB,  AnilC'llLATEn,  Speech,  Loque'la,  Glonsa, 
Glotta,  La'lia,  Pliiasis,  (F.)  Parole,  Voix  afticu- 
lee,  is  the  voice  as  produced  by  the  glottis,  modi- 
fied by  the  motions  of  the  tongue,  lip,  and  other 
parts  of  the  vocal  tube.  Most  physiologists  agree 
in  regarding  the  glottis,  or  tiie  space  between 
the  thyro-arytcnoid  ligaments  plus  the  ligaments 
themselves,  as  the  part  where  vocal  sounds  are 
formed;  but  the  mechanism  of  this  formation  is 
a  matter  of  dispute.  The  greater  part  of  indivi- 
duals regard  the  glottis  and  its  ligaments,  with 
the  vocal  tube,  or  the  space  which  the  sound  has 
to  traverse  after  it  is  produced  in  the  glottis,  as 
a  reed  instrument,  like  the  clarionet,  the  inferior 
ligaments  of  the  glottis  constituting  the  reed.  In 
speech,  as  ordinarily  effected,  the  tongue,  lips, 
teeth,  Ac,  are  concerned,  but  there  are  some 
authentic  cases  on  record,  where  it  has  been  ac- 
complished after  the  tongue  has  been  removed. 
In  such  cases,  the  articulated  voice  must  have 
been  produced  in  the  glottis  alone,  or  in  it  aided 
by  an  obscure  action  of  the  parts  above  it. 

The  singing  voice  is  not  limited  to  the  larynx; 
the  pharynx  would  seem  to  be  concerned  also. 
The  notes  that  are  produced  in  the  latter  have 
been  termed  mipra-lart/ngeal,  or  notes  of  the  second 
reijister.  They  constitute  the  pharyngeal  voice, 
fahetto  or  fancette  voice  or  voce  di  testa  (I.), 
Voix  de  tete,  Voix  de  faussct  (F.).  The  laryngeal 
voice  or  voice  of  the  first  register.  Chest  voice,  is 
the  Voce  di  Petto  (I.),  Voix  de  Poitrine  (F.). 
The  laryngeal  voice,  which  is  always  more  ele- 
vated, by  an  octave,  in  the  female  than  in  the 
male,  furnishes  the  types  called  Soprano,  Alto  or 
Contralto,  Tenor  and  Bass.  The  first  two  belong 
to  the  female  voice;  the  last  two  to  the  male. 
The  Baritone  is  between  the  bass  and  tenor. 

VoiCK,  Bleating,  Egophony  —  v.  Cavernous, 
Pectoriloquy  —  v.  Chest,  see  Voice,  articulated. 

Voice,  CHOL'Enio,  Vox  Choler'ica.  The  pecu- 
liar husky  voice  of  those  affected  with  cholera. 

Voice,  Convul'sive,  Vox  convuhi'va,  (F.) 
Voix  eonvnlsioe.  A  neurosis  of  the  voice,  con- 
sisting in  the  production  of  discordant  sounds  — 
acute  and  grave — which  cannot  he  brought  to  the 
natural  tones  by  any  effort  of  volition.  It  seems 
to  be  caused  by  disordered  contraction  of  the 
xnuscles  of  the  larynx. 

Voice,  Falsetto,  see  Voice  —  v.  Goat's,  Ego- 
phony —  V.  Laryngeal,  Laryngophony,  see  Voice 


— V.  Pharyngeal,  see  Voice — v.  Tracheal,  Laryn- 
gophony. 

VOIE,  Way. 

VOIES  DIGESTIVES,  Ways,  digestive  — r. 
Lacrymales,  Lachrymal  passages  —  v.  I'renuires, 
Ways,  digestive— f.  Scc<indes,  Ways,  second — v, 
Urinaires,  Urinary  passages. 

VOILE  nU  PALAIS,  Velum  pendulum  pa- 
lati  —  V.  Midtdlaire  inferieiire.  Velum  mcdullaro 
inferius  —  v.  Medullaire  snpirieiire,  Valvula 
Vicussenii. 

VOIX,  Voice  —  V.  Aigre,  see  Acid  —  v.  Arlicu- 
lee,  Voice,  articulated,  Pectoriloquy  —  v.  Bour- 
donnante,  see  Resonance  —  v,  Brouchiqne,  Re- 
sonance—  V.  Oaverneuse,  Pectoriloquy  —  t'.  Chi- 
vrotante,  Egophony  —  i:  Egophoniijne,  Kgopliony 
— V.  de  Fansset,  see  Voice,  articulated — v.  de  Poi- 
trine, see  Voice,  articu'ated  —  v.  de  I'olichinelle, 
Egophony — v.  Senile,  Egi)i)hony — v.  de  Telr.  see 
Voice,  articulated — r.  Tidiaire,  see  Rcsoiiiiini'. 

VOLA,  Palm— V.  Manfls.  Palm— v.  Pedis,  Sole. 

VOLANT  D'EA  U,  Nymphani  alba. 

VOLATICA,  Lichen. 

VOLATILIZA'TION,  Vdatilisa'tio,  Volatisa'. 
tio,  from  volare,  'to  fly.'  The  operation  of  redu- 
cing volatilizable  substances  into  gas  or  vapour. 

VOLATISATIO,  Volatilization. 

VOLIT"ION,  Volii"io,  from  volo,  'to  will.' 
The  act  of  willing.     Hence  ; 

VOLIT"IONAL,  relating  to  volition.  Thus 
the  muscles  may  be  moved  by  a  volitional  or  by 
an  emotional  impulse. 

VOLNUS,  Wound. 

VOLONTAIRE,  Voluntary. 

VOLONTE,  Voluntas. 

VOLSELLA,  Aeanthobolos,  Forceps,  Madiste- 
riuin  —  V.  Patini,  Valet  d  Putin. 

VOLTAISM,  Galvanism. 

VOLTUS,  Countenance,  Face. 

VOL'TINTARY,  Ileen'sins,  Volnnta'rivs,  (F.) 
Volontaire,  from  voluntas,  'will.'  Relating  to  the 
will;  as  'ro?ii/i/fi»-y  muscles ;'  muscles  which  act 
in  obedience  to  the  will. 

VOLUNTAS,  Volen'tia.  Arhit'rinm,  Cnpid'- 
itas,  Botile'sis,  Bnle'sis,  Thele'ma,  (F.)  Volonte, 
from  volo,  'I  will.'     Will  or  desire. 

Vouin'tas  sen  Ccpid'itas  Desedend'i,  Luhi'- 
do  intesti'ni.     The  desire  to  go  to  stool. 

VOLVA,  Vulva. 

VOLVULUS,  Ileus  — V.  Intestinorum,  Intus- 
supceptio. 

VOMENDI  CONAMEN  INANE,  Vomituri- 
tion. 

VOMER,  'a  ploughshare;'  Os  vo'meris,  Os 
maxill'a  snperio'ris  nndec"imnm,  Ara'trnm.  One 
of  the  bones  of  the  face,  so  called  from  its  resem- 
blance. It  is  an  azygous  b(me,  forming  the  pos- 
terior part  of  the  septum  narium.  It  is  thin,  flat, 
and  quadrilateral ;  and  is  articulated,  below,  to 
the  superior  maxillary  and  palatine  bones;  and 
above,  to  the  sphenoid,  ethmoid,  and  cornets  of 
Bertin.  It  is  developed  by  a  single  point  of  os- 
sification.    Also,  the  penis. 

VOM'ICA,  Pyocys'tis,  from  vomere,  'to  vomit,' 
'  to  cast  up.'  (F.)  Vo7ni(/ne,  Crachement  de  pus. 
A  term  used  by  some  authors  for  any  encysted 
collection  of  purulent  matter  in  the  interior  of  a 
viscus.  The  acceptation  is  commonly,  however, 
restricted  to  purulent  collections  in  the  lungs, 
encysted  or  not,  which  may  be  discharged  by  the 
mouth,  by  breaking  into  the  bronchial  tubes. 
Two  kinds  of  vomictB  are  distinguished;  the  one 
caused  by  the  softening  or  breaking  down  of 
pulmonary  tubercles  ;  the  other,  of  much  more 
rare  occurrence,  formed  by  a  circumscribed  abscess 
of  the  lungs.  Instead  of  opening  into  the  bron- 
chia, the  abscess  is  sometimes  discharged  into  the 
cavity  of  the  pleura,  causing  empyema. 


VOMICINE 


07  3 


YULVA 


VOMICTNE.  Brucia. 
VO.U/Qf'/'J,  Vomica. 
VOMIQl/IEU,  Slrychnos  nux  vomica. 
VOMISSEMENT,    Vomiting  —  «.    de    Sang, 
Ilaeinatcniesis. 

VOMIT,  Emetic  —  v.  Black,  Fever,  yellow, 
Mel  sen  a. 

Vomit,  Dry,  of  Marriott.  A  once  celebrated 
enielic,  called  'dry,'  from  its  having  been  given 
without  solution.  It  consisted  of  equal  porticms 
of  tartrate  of  antimony  and  potassa,  and  sulphate 
of  cf)piier. 

YUMITIF,  Emetic. 
VOMITINE,  Emetine. 

VOM'ITING,  Vohi'ituK,  Vomit"io,  Vomit" him, 
Voin'ltitm,  Evuiiiit"{<>,  Aiia'trupe,  Em'esis,  Paliiiua 
vnvi' itiis,  JEyritn'do  veiilric'uli,  Spewhiy,  Ptikiiig, 
^IckiienH  of  the  Stomach,  (Old  Eng.)  Farhrertkintj, 
(Sc.)  BokkiiKj,  liockitxj,  Braking,  Biocht,  (Prov.) 
Hidl'nping,  (vulg.)  Casca'ding,  Casting,  (F.)  Vo- 
viiiseinent,  from  vomere,  voiiiituni,  'to  throw  up.' 
The  act  by  which  solids  and  liquids,  contained  in 
the  stomach,  are  ejected  by  the  mouth.  Vomit- 
ing is  the  effect  of  some  special  irritation  of  the 
nerves  of  the  stomach,  calling,  by  reflex  action, 
on  the  appropriate  muscles  to  expel  the  contents 
of  the  viscus.  It  is  not  accomplished  solely  by 
the  contraction  of  the  stomach,  as  was  for  a  long 
time  believed.  That  organ,  indeed,  assists  in  the 
process;  but  the  main  cause  is  the  compression 
exerted  upon  the  parietes  of  the  viscus  by  the 
diaphragm  and  abdominal  muscles.  Vomiting  is 
a  symijtom  common  to  numerous  diseases.  At 
times,  it  is  sympathetic,  as  in  affections  of  the 
kidney,  uterus,  brain,  &c.  At  others,  it  is  symp- 
tomatic, as  in  gastritis,  peritonitis,  &c.  When 
very  troublesome,  it  may  often  be  palliated  by 
effervescent  draughts,  aromatics,  sinapisms,  or 
blisters  to  the  epigastric  region,  &c. 

Vomiting  at  Pleasure,  Regurgitation  —  v. 
of  Blood,  Hsematemesis  —  v.  Stercoraceous,  Co- 
preinesis. 

VOMITIO,  Vomiting— v.  Sanguinis,  Hxmate- 
mesis. 
VOMITIUM,  Vomiting. 

VOMITO  NEGRO,  Fever,  yellow  — v.  Prieto, 
Fever,  vellow. 
VOMITORIUM,  Emetic. 
VOMITORY,  Emetic. 
VOMITUM,  Vomiting. 

VOMITURIT"ION,  Vomitnrit"io,Emes'ia,  Dij- 
semes'ia,  Snbver'sio  stom'nchi.  Same  etymon  as 
Vomiting.  Ineffectual  efforts  to  vomit ;  Vometi'- 
di  conn' men  ina'-ne.  Retching,  Reaching,  Heav'- 
ing,  (Old  Eng.)  Bolke,  (Se.)  Dok,  Bock,  Braking. 
Some  .luthors  mean,  by  this  term,  a  vomiting  of 
but  little  matter,  or  that  which  is  effected  almost 
without  effort.  The  first  acceptation  is  the  most 
general. 

VOMITUS,  Vomiting— v.  Cruentus.  Hfemate- 
mesis — v.  Fseculentus,  Copremesis  —  v.  Marinus, 
Nausea  marina — v.  Navigantium,  Nausea  marina 

V.  Niger,  Fever,  yellow — v.  Pituitosus,  Blenne- 

Diesis— V.  Profusus,  Hyperemesis— v.  Purulentus, 
Pyeraesis — v.  Sanguinis,  Htsmatemesia — v.  Ster- 
coris,  Copremesis. 
VOORARA,  Curnre. 
VOTIVE  TABLET,  Tabula  votiva. 
VOUACAPUA    AMERICANA,    Geoffrsea  in- 
ermis.  ^ 

VOUSSURE  PRECORDTALE,  'Prsecor- 
dial  arching  or  prominence."  The  elevation  or 
arching  of  the  parietes  of  the  thorax,  witnessed 
in  certain  thoracic  affections,  as  in  hypertrophy 
of  the  heart. 

VOl^TE  Vault — V.  Mfdnllaire,  Corpus  cal- 
losum— .'.  'V  Trois  PiUero,  Fornix. 

VOWEL,  Voca'lia,  from  Latin  vox,  vocis,  'the 


voice,' and  I'oco, 'to  call.'  (F.)  Voyelle.  Physi- 
ologically, a  continuous  breath  or  sound,  produced 
in  the  glottis  ;  but  more  or  less  modified  by  the 
form  of  the  vocal  tube,  through  which  it  has  to 
pasg.  In  the  English  language,  a,  e,  i,  o,  u,  w, 
and  y,  are  vowels. 

VOX,  Voice  —  v.  Cholerica,  Voice,  choleric  — 
V.  Clangosa,  Oxyphonia  —  v.  Convulsiva,  Viii.e 
ConvuUive — v.  Nasalis,  Rhinophonia — v.  Rauca, 
Raueedo,  Raucous  voice — v.  Raucisona,  Raucous 
voice. 

VOYELLE,\ovie\. 

YUE,  Vision  —  v.  Bnsne,  Myopia  —  v.  Conrte, 
Myopia  —  v.  Dinme,  Hemeralopi.a  —  v.  Foilile, 
Amblyopia  — v.  Loiigne,   Presbytia  —  v.  Louche, 
Strabismus — v.  Nocturne,  Nyctalopia. 
VULGA,  Vulva. 

VULNERA  SCLOPETARIA,  see  Wound  — 
v.  a  Sclopetis,  see  Wound. 

VULNERA  IRE,  Vulnerary  —  v.  Suisse,  see 
Falltranck. 

VULNERARITJS,  Traumatic. 
VUL'NERAliy,     Vulnera'rius,     Tranmnt'icns, 
Tranmat'ic,  from  rubniK,  vidneris,  '  n  wound.'  (F.) 
Vvlneraire.     A  name  applied  by  the  ancients  to 
medicines,  which  they  considered  capable  of  fa- 
vouring the  consoliiliition  of  wounds.     The  pro- 
perty has  been  ascribed  to  various  plants. 
V'ULNERATIO  NEKVI,  Neurotrosis. 
VULNERUM  VINCTURA,  Deligation. 
VULNUS,  Wound  —  v.  Laceratum,  see  Lace- 
ration —  V.  Sclopetarium,  Wound,  gun-shot  —  v. 
Simplex,  Cut. 

VULNUSCULITM,  Wound. 
VULPIS  MORBUS,  Alopecia. 
VULTUEUX  (¥.).  Vnltiio'stis.  Corvisnrt  has 
used  the  expression,  Face  vidtncuse,  Fa'cies  viil- 
tiio'sa,  for  the  face  when  it  is  more  florid  and 
swollen  than  in  the  natural  state.  This  appear- 
ance, which  is  observed  in  active  aneurism  of  the 
heart,  according  to  Corvisart,  is  owing  to  the 
afflux  of  blood  into  the  arterial  eapillarios,  and 
hence  differs  from  the  livid  and  swollen  appear- 
ance caused  by  the  accumulation  of  blood  in  the 
venous  capillaries,  constituting  the  Face  injectee. 
VULTUS,  Countenance,  Face — v.  Tetricus  et 
Mcestus,  Scythropasmus. 
VULVA,  Uterus,  see  Vulva. 
Vulva,  volva  (formerly,  the  uterus,  especially 
of  animals).  Hortus,  Cnnmis,  Pnden'duni  mnlie'- 
hre,  Siniii>  piido'ris,  Ictar,  Choiros,  Arvnm,  Ihicca, 
Bn!(/a,  Cadiir'ciis,  Cnstos,  Feinen,  Ait' nuhis,  Femnr 
sminniim,  Follic'idns,  Fundus,  Gre'minin,  Hin'tiis, 
Lanii'vium,  Navis,  Oppid'idinn,  Sjicciis,  Vidga, 
Cijniha,  Cijsthns,  Suhiis,  Olitor'ium,  Os'tiiim,  Sul- 
cus, Amphicans'tis,  Concha,  Parens,  Porta,  Inter- 
femin'enm,  Midie'hriii,  Fossa  magna  rnnUc'hrts, 
Episei'on,  Es'charn,  Hor'tidus  cupid'inis,  Bmiha'' 
lioK,  Byssos,  Cava,  Caver'na,  Delphys,  Delta, 
Fov'ea,  Gyncp.ce'um,  Loci  mulie'hres.  Female 
pnden'dum,  Female  organs  of  generation.  Fe- 
male parts,  (F.)  Viilvc.  A  longitudinal  opening 
between  the  projecting  parts  of  the  external  or- 
gans of  generation  in  the  female,  extending  from 
the  mons  veneris  to  the  perineum,  and  which  is 
called,  also.  Fossa  magna.  Some  anatomists 
mean,  by  this  term,  the  whole  of  the  esfernal 
genital  organs  of  the  female: — mona  veneris; 
labia  majora,  and  the  cleft  or  vestibule  seiwirating 
them;  the  clitoris;  nymphue  ;  meatus  urinarius  ; 
entrance  of  the  vagina;  with  the  hymen  or  the 
carunculas  myrtiformes,  fossa  navicularis  and 
fourchette. 

Vulva,  Fora'men  commu'ne  ante'rins,  Iter  sen 
Ad'itus  ad  infundih'idnni,  L  seu  Ad'itns  ad  ter'- 
tinm  ventric'ulum,  RIma  ad  infnndih'ulnm,  Aper- 
tu'ra    ante'rior    ventric'uli    ter'tii   cer'clri.     An 


VULVA  IRE 


974 


WATER 


opening  situate  at  the  junction  of  the  optic  tha- 
lauii,  in  the  third  venlricle  of  the  brnin,  and  iin- 
inedidtely  beneath  the  anterior  crus  of  the 
fornix. 

Vi'LVAIRE.  Chenopodiuin  vulvaria. 

VULVAR,  Viilvd' ris,U-on\  vidvit.  Thatwhich 
relates  to  the  vulva.     Chaussier  •rives  this  name 


to  the  external  pudic  arteries,  bccaiiso  the)-  are 
dislriliuted  to  the  vulva. 

Vl'LVARIA,  Chemn'odium  vulvaria. 

177,  I'A',  Vulva. 

VlHA'I'TIS.a  hybrid  word,  from  viilm,  and  ilh, 
denoting'  iiilhiuiiiiiitinii.  Iiitliujiuintinn  of  llic  vulvii. 

VULVO-UTElllA'E  CAISAL,  Vagiua. 


w. 


WABKAN  LEAVES,  Plantago. 
WAD,  Graphites. 
WAHOO,  see  Euonymus. 
WAIR,  see  Pila  marina. 

WAISTCOAT,  STRAIT,  Inrhi'cula,  (F.)  Ca- 
viisole,  Gitet  de  force.  A  dress,  used  for  restrain- 
ing maniacs,  or  those  labouring  under  violent 
delirium.  It  has  long  sleeves,  which  are  tied 
behind  the  body,  so  that  the  arms  cannot  be  ex- 
tricated from  them.  It  ought,  of  course,  to  be 
made  of  very  resisting  materials. 

AVAKE-ROBIN,  Arum  maculatum,  Trillium 
latifolium. 

WALE,  AVheaL 

WALKING,  Gresenn,  Iiicen'sus,  Deamhtiln'tio, 
Amhiila'tio,  B(id'ii<iii,  (F.)  La  Marclie,  /'rnyres- 
eion.  Sax.  Pealcau,  'tovpalk.'  The  action  by 
which  we  change  i)lace,by  means  of  a  succession 
of  steps  in  the  same  direction.  In  walking  for- 
wards, the  centre  of  gravity  is  constantly  altered  ; 
and  a  series  of  small,  parabolic  curves  is  de- 
scribed on  the  heads  of  the  thigh-bones,  the  ex- 
tent of  which  is  regulated  by  volition,  under  the 
guidance  of  vision. 

WALLA'CIIIA,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
There  are  many  excellent  sulphureous  springs  in 
this  country,  especially  those  at  Bobotsch,  Fin- 
ceschti,  Sibitschiudi  Suz,  Brasa,  Otschin,  Serbo- 
rcschte,  Kimpalungi,  Kosia,  and  Oloneschti,  Cha- 
lybeate and  saline  springs  have,  also,  been  found 
at  Sibitschiudi  Suz. — Siller. 

WALLFLOWER,  Cheiranthus  cheiri. 
WALLRUE,  Asplonium  ruta  muraria. 
WALL-TEETH,  Molar  teeth. 
WALNUT,  Juglans  regia —  w   Black,  Juglans 
regia — w.  White,  Juglans  cinerea. 

WALTHE'RIA  DOURADINHA.  A  plant 
of  Brazil,  Order,  Sterculiacege,  which  is  used 
there  in  diseases  of  the  chest,  and  in  venereal 
affections.     It  is  a  demulcent. 

WALTON,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  A 
mineral  spring  near  Tewkesbury,  in  Gloucester- 
shire, England.  It  is  an  acidulous  chalybeate. 
WAMPEE.  Peltandra  Virginica. 
WANGTEETH,  Molar  teeth. 
WANT,  from  past  participle  of  Sax.  panian, 
'  to  wane,'  '  to  fall  away.'  '  Need  of  that  which  is 
necessary.'  (F.)  Beaoiu.  This  word  is  sometimes 
nsed  to  express  the  imperious  necessity  which 
impels  us  to  take  food,  drink,  &c.  (See  Hunger 
and  Thirst.)  In  a  more  general  sense,  it  means 
the  impressions  transmitted  by  the  organs  to  the 
brain,  when  it  is  necessary  that  they  should  act: 
these  wants  are  called  innthictive  dealren  and  iii- 
teriinl  sensiitiotis  or  xthiiidi.  Such  are  the  desires 
or  wants  to  eat,  drink,  void  the  urine,  breathe 
(beHiiin  de  respirer),  &c. 

Want,  in  the  sense  of  indigence,  (L.)  Egeatan, 

Iiidi</eu'tifi,  is  the  cause  of  a  number  of  diseases. 

WARBURG'S  FEVER-DROPS,  see  Bebeeru. 

WARD'S  ESSENCE  FOR  THE  IIEADACH, 

Linimentnm  cauiphoriP  compositum  —  w.  White 

Drops,  see  Hydrargyrl  nitras. 


AVARE,  see  Pila  marina. 

WARISON,  Stomach. 

AVARK,  Pain. 

AVARMBRUNN,  MINERAL  AVATERS  OF. 
Much  frequented  springs  in  Silesia,  about  a 
league  from  Hirschberg.  They  are  tliermal,  95° 
to  100°  Fah.,  and  are  chiefly  used  as  baths.  The 
impregnating  materials  are  carbonate  of  soda, 
sulphate  of  soda,  sulphate  of  lime,  chloride  of  so- 
dium, carbonate  of  magnesia,  and  sulphohjdrio 
acid  gas. 

AVARM  SPRINGS,  see  Georgia,  Mineral  wa- 
ters of,  and  A'irgiiiia,  Mineral  waters  (jf. 

AVARNERA  CANADENSIS,  Hydrastis  Cana- 
densis. 

AVARRENTON  SPRINGS,  see  A'irginia,  min- 
eral waters  of. 

AVART,  A''erruca  —  w.  Corneous,  Cornu  —  w. 
Moist,  Acrothymion.. 

AVARTY,  }'er'rji<(ise,  Ver'ntcoiis,  Yerriico'svs, 
from  Sax.  pear^.  Full  of  warts.  Rescuilditig, 
relating,  or  belonging  to  wans. 

AVauty  Tt'jiouROF  CicATHiuKS.  A  name  given 
by  Mr.  Howship  to  the  tumour,  which  sometimes 
appears  on  an  old  scar,  manj'  years,  perhaps,  after 
the  injury  that  caused  it.  The  ulcer,  forined 
under  such  circumstances,  has  been  calle<l  the 
viortij  ulcer  (if  J\fnrJ<diH  —  having  been  well  de- 
scribed by  that  surgeon. 

AVASII,  BLACK,  see  Ilydrargyri  submurias  — 
w.  Phagedenic,  see  Hydrargyri  submurias  —  w. 
Preventive,  Lotion,  Hannay's  —  w.  Red,  Lotio 
rubra,  and  Lotion,  camphorated,  of  Bales  —  w. 
AA'hite,  Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis  dilutus — w. 
Yellow,  see  Hvdrargvri  oxymurias. 

AV  A  S  H  E  k  W  0  M  A  N  '  S  SCALL,  Psoriasis 
diffusa. 

AVASHITAAV  SPRINGS,  see  Arkansa.s  min- 
eral waters  of. 

AVASP,  Vcspn,  Spliex,  (F.)  Guepc.  A  genus 
of  gregarious  insects,  like  the  bee  and  the  ant. 
They  are  armed  with  a  sting,  which  pours  a  pni- 
sono\is  fluid  into  the  puncture  made  Ijy  it.  (See 
Poisons,  Table  of)  The  best  application  is  the 
sp.  ammoniae  arotnaticus,  or  some  jireparation  of 
ammonifl. 

WASSERBURG,  MINERAL  AVATERS  OF. 
Wasserburg  is  a  town  of  Bavaria,  seated  on  tho 
Inn,  28  miles  east  of  MUnich.  The  water,  called, 
also,  Aqito  Ayii'tii,  contains  carb(inic  acid;  car- 
bonates of  lime  and  magnesia  ;  sulphates  of  limo 
and  magnesia;  chloride  of  sodium,  carbonate  of 
soda  and  oxide  of  iron. 

WASl^ERKVR,  Hydrosudotherapeia. 

AVASTING,  Consumption,  Tabes. 

AVATER,  Sax.  pjerep,  (G.)  AV  a  s  s  e  r ,  ^./i/rr, 

Hi/dor,  'vfti>p,  Alma,  (F.)  Ean,   Protox'ide  if  hy- 

drageii.     AVater  was  at  one  time   regarded    as  ii 

simple  element.     It  is  now  known   to   consist  of 

eight  parts  by  weight  of  oxygen,  and  one  of  hy- 

j  .irogen.     It  freezes   at   :!2°,'nnd   boils   at   212  of 

Fahrenheit;  and  is   taken  as  the  unit  in  al)  ta- 

1  bles  of  specific  gravity  of  solid  and  licjuid  bub- 


W  A  T  E  R 


97^ 


W  A  T  E  R 


gtnnces.  Water,  as  we  meet  with  it,  is  very  dii- 
fereiit  in  its  state  of  purity  ;  generally,  it  contains 
small  quantities  of  Kuliiie  iiialter  ;  at  other  times, 
lis*  in  sea-water  and  mineral  waters,  it  is  largely 
impregnated.  The  characters  of  water,  as  met 
with  under  ordinary  eireumstanees,  are  well  com- 
iiiired  hy  Celsus,  "A'iiki  levi'miiiiia  jtlni;uilin  ent ; 
iti:iii<le  j'onUtiKi  ;  tuin  ex  jhiinine  ;  tiun  e.c  piiteo  ; 
piiHl  li(Bc  ex  nice,  nut  ijliit-ie  ;  ijriirior  kin  e.c  liica; 
ijriiviKKfiiin  ex  ixdiide."  Pure  water  is  one  of  the 
host  tliliients  that  can  be  used.  When  cold,  and 
e.-peoially  when  iced,  it  is  one  of  the  most  useful 
fL'trigerants ;  and,  in  the  form  of  the  cold,  tepid, 
and  warm  bath,  it  is  serviceable  in  numerous 
diseases. 

Water  op  Aix-LA-CHAPEr.LK,  see  Aix-la-Cha- 
j,plle  —  w.  Allflower,  Urine,  cows'  —  w.  Alum, 
L.ites's,  Liquor  aluminis  ooinpositus  —  w.  of  car- 
bonate of  Ammonia,  Liquor  ammoniie  subcarbo- 
,i,ili« — w.  Anise,  see  Pimpinella  anisum — w.  Ap- 
ple, Apple-tree — w.  Barley,  Decoctura  hordei. 

Watkii  Bed,  Jlydroxtnt'ic  bed.  A  bed,  con- 
trived by  Dr.  Arnott,  which,  in  consequence  of  its 
being  placed  on  water,  is  well  adapted  for  the 
beilridden. 

WATtiu,  BiNEi.Li,  Aqua  Binellii. 
Watku  op  Bittbr  Almonds,  Aqua  Amygdala- 
rum  concentrata. 

Wateii  Bi-ebs,  Pemphigus— w.  Brash,  Pyrosis. 
Wate({,  BitoccHiEKi,  Aqua   Brocchierii  —  w. 
Camphor,  Mistura  Cauipbone. 

Water  Cankeh,  Cancer  aquaticus. 
Watek,    Cakawav,    see    Carum    carui  —  w. 
Caraway,  strong,  Spiritus  carui  —  w.  of  Cassia, 
see  Laurus  Cassia. 

Wateii  Caster,  see  Uromantia. 
Water,  Cherry  Laorei,,  see  Prunns  lauro- 
cerasus— w.  Chicken,  Chiclien-tea— w.  Chlorine, 
see  Chlorine — w.  Cinnamon,  Aqua  cinnamomi  — 
w.  Cinnamon,  strong,  Spiritus  cinnamomi  —  w. 
Cologne,  Edit  de  Coloyiie. 

Water  Cure,  Ilydrosudothcrapeia. 
Water,  dill,  see  Anetluim  graveolens. 
Water.  Distil'led.  Aqiki  destUla' ta,  (Y .)  Eau 
dhliUee,  Hi/drolat,  IIoli)  Water,  is  generally  or- 
diied  in  extemporaneous  prescriptions,  but  is 
riirelv  used.  In  some  cases,  however,  it  is  abso- 
hui'ly  necessary  ;  — the  water,  containing  any  sa- 
line impregnation— hard  water,  for  example— de- 
composes certain  substances.  Distilled  water  has 
been  recommended  as  a  diet-drink  in  cancerous 
affections ;  and  it  is  used  in  the  religious  ceremo- 
nies of  the  Catholic  church.  In  the  Pharmaco- 
poeia of  the  United  States,  it  is  directed  to  be 
made  as  follows  :  —  Take  of  woter,  ten  gallons. 
First  distil  two  pints,  and  throw  them  away  ; 
then  distil  eight  gallons.  Keep  the  distilled  wa- 
ter in  glass  bottles. 

Dixtilled  waters,  (F.)  Hi/droh,ts,  consist  of 
common  water,  charged  by  distillation  with  the 
volatile  principles  of  medicinal  agents.  See 
Aquaj  destillatae. 


Watf.u-doctoh,  see  Uromantia. 
Water-dressing.  The  treatment  of  wounds 
and  ulcers  by  the  a|>plication  of  water.  It  gene- 
rally consists  ill  dipping  folds  of  lint  in  water, 
and  placing  them  on  the  part: — the  whole  being 
covered  with  oiled  silk,  elastic  gum,  or  spongio- 
piline.  Water  Htrajijjiny  or  wet  atrnpjjiuij  means 
the  treatment  of  ulcers,  and  certain  cutaneous 
atfections  of  the  extremities,  Ac,  with  strips  of 
linen  or  cotton  saturated  with  water. 

Water,  Elder,  see  Sambucus  —  w.  Ejiileptie, 
of  Langius,  Langii  aqua  epileptiea — w.  Feuuel, 
Aqua  foeniculi. 

Water  Flag,  Yellow,  Iris  pseudacorus. 
Water,  Florida, —  a  celebrated  perfume, — 
may  be  made  of  OL  Benjami  f.^iv;    Tim-t.  hen- 
zuiii.  c.  f^^ij  ;  Alcohol,  cong. 
AVatekphight,  Hydrophobia. 
Water,  Goulard,  Liquor  plumbi  subacetatis 
diliitus. 

Water,  Hard.  Common  water,  which  de- 
composes and  curdles  soap  ;  in  contradistinction 
to  soft  iBitter,  which  is  readily  niiscible  with  soap. 
The  hardness  of  water  depends  upon  the  pre- 
sence in  it  of  earthy  salts,  the  most  common  of 
which  is  sulphate  of  lime. 
Water,  Hell,  see  Toddy. 
Water,  Holy,  Water,  distilled  —  w.  Honey, 
see  Mel. 

Water  in  the  Head,  Hydrocephalus. 
Water,  Hungary,  Spiritus  rosmarini. 
Water  Jags,  see  Varicella. 

AVater,  Lake,  Aqua  ex  lacii,  (F.)  Bail  de  lac, 
is  apt  to  be  impure,  from  decayed  animal  and 
vegetable  matters.  A  great  deal  will,  however, 
depend  upon  the  magnitude  of  the  collection, 
and  the  degree  of  stagnation. 

AVater.  Laurei-,  see  Prunns  lauro-cernsus  — 
w.  Lavender,  Spiritus  lavanduUe — w.  Lead,  Li- 
quor plumbi  subacetatis  dilutus  —  w.  Lenionpeel, 
see  Lemonpeel  Tea — w.  Lime.  Liquor  calcis — w. 
Lime,  compound.  Liquor  calcis  compositus  —  w. 
Magnesia,  aerated.  Magnesia,  fluid — w.  Magnesia, 
carbonated.  Magnesia,  fluid. 

AVater,  Marsh,  Aqua  pnhnlo'aa,  (F.)  Eau  de 
3Iaruis,  is  the  most  impure  of  all.  It  is  generally 
more  stagnant,  and  of  course  more  loaded  with 
decomposing  animal  and  vegetable  matters. 
Water,  Medicated,  see  Aquae  medicatae. 
AVater,  Mineral,  Aqua  minera'lin  seu  «o?i/'- 
hrii  seu  medica'ta  seu  Sote'ria,  Eons  sahita'ria 
seu  mediea'tna  seu  sote'rins,  (F.)  Ean  mhierale  ou 
iiiedicinate  tialnrelle.  AVater,  holding  in  solution 
different  saline  and  gazeons  substances  in  sufiS- 
cient  quantity  to  be  possessed  of  medicinal  pro- 
perties, or  of  a  temperature  different  from  that  of 
the  ordinary  springs  of  the  country. 

The  following  Table  by  Dr.  Pereira  exhibits 
the  composition  of  some  of  the  principal  mineral 
waters. 


WATER,    MINERAL 


W.S 


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"WATER 


978 


W  A  T  E  R 


Mineral  wat(>rs  may  be  divided  into  four 
classes  :  —  1.  Gazeoiia  or  Acidulous.  2.  Clmlij- 
heate.  3.  Salhie.  4.  Siilplinreoits.  Tlicse  may 
be  thermiil,  or  cohl, — iiatnrol,  or  arlljicidl. 
Many  of  these  divisions,  however,  run  into  each 
other;  some  of  the  substances,  which  tiiey  hold 
dissolved,  belonging  to  one  class  as  well  as  to 
another. 

1.  Gn'zeous,  Acid'uloiis  or  Ciir'honated  Ifin'- 
eral  Wnters,  Soda  or  Beer  Springs,  Aipim  iiiiiie- 
ru'lcH  acid'iilcB,  (F.)  E<iitx  miiierales  ynzeiises  ou 
acididen.  The  waters  referred  to  this  class  are 
those  tliat  contain  carbonic  acid  gas  in  sucli 
quiuitity  as  to  communicate  to  it  certain  sensi- 
ble qualities.  Waters  impregnated  with  free  car- 
bonic acid,  sparlile  when  drawn  from  the  spring, 
or  when  poured  into  a  glass.  They  have  a  sharp, 
acidulous  taste  ;  but  become  vapid  from  exposure 
to  the  air.  Along  with  the  carbonic  acid,  there 
are  generally  present  portions  of  saline,  earthy 
or  metallic  matter,  chiefly  carbonates  of  lime, 
magnesia,  and  iron.  Waters,  highly  impregnated 
with  carbonic  acid  gas,  are  grateful  to  the  sto- 
mach; increase  the  appetite,  and  are  diuretic; 
hence,  their  utility  in  dyspepsia,  hypochondria- 
sis, and  gout.  Their  properties  are,  of  course, 
modified  by  the  saline  matter  that  may  be  also 
contained  in  them.  The  most  celebrated  amongst 
the  acidulous  waters  are  those  of  Bar,  Cliateldon, 
St.  Myon,  Mont  d'Or,  Langcae,  Seltzer,  Schhin- 
penbad,  Sultzmatt,  Pyrmont,  Spa,  Carlsbad, 
Cheltenham,  Scarborough,  Saratoga,  Ballston, 
and  the  Sweet  Springs  of  Virginia. 

2.  C/iiili/b'eate  or  Femi'rjiitous  Mineral  Waters, 
AqiicB  niinera'les  ferriirjino'sai  sen  CIiali/hea'tcB 
sen  Martia' leH  sei\  Ferro'Hce,  Chalyhiipe'f/tp,  Clinln- 
hokre' n(P,  Siderope'ga,  Sideriikre' nm,  (F.)  Eaux 
minerales  ferrugineiises,  contain  iron  —  sulphate, 
chloride  or  carbonate,  generally  the  latter — lield 
in  solution  by  an  excess  of  acid.  Chalj'beate 
waters  have  a  peculiar  styptic  taste.  They  are 
transparent  when  taken  from  the  spring;  but, 
when  exposed  for  some  time  to  the  air,  a  pellicle 
forms  on  the  surface,  and  a  deposite  of  the  iron 
takes  place.  Chalybeate  waters  are  used  as 
tonics  in  debility  of  all  kinds;  in  all  cases,  in 
fact,  where  iron  is  considered  to  be  indicated. 
They  are  the  most  numerous  of  all  the  classes  of 
mineral  waters.  In  this  dictionary,  those  only 
are  specified  which  have  some  celebrity  ;  yet  there 
are  about  one  iiundred;  more  than  si.xty  of  these 
being  saline,  and  forty  sulphureous.  The  most 
celebrated  chalybeates  are  those  of  Tunbridge, 
Scarborough,  Spa.  Bussang,  Forges,  Vichy,  Pyr- 
mont, Passy,  Provins,  and  Vals. 

.3.  S'llliie  Mineral  Waters,  AqiKP  minerales  sa- 
li'nce,  Ainna  idvaliza'ta  (Paracelsus,)  Ifi/drdlnim, 
(F.)  Eanx  iin'iierales  salines.  Waters,  holding  in 
solution  different  saline  substances  in  greater 
quantity  than  the  acidulous  waters.  They  difl'er 
in  properties,  acconling  to  the  salts  contained  in 
them.  The  salts  usually  present  are  sulphates, 
chlorides,  and  carbonates:  and  the  bases,  with 
which  the  acids  forming  these  are  comltined,  are 
soda,  magnesia,  and  lime.  Saline  mineral  waters 
are  usually  aperient;  and  the  most  noted  are 
those  of  Seltzer,  Sedlitz.  Balarue.  Bourbonne-les- 
Jiains,  Baden.  Epsom,  Cheltenham,  <fcc. 

To  this  class  may  also  be  added  Sea  water, 
4.  Siiljilni' reoiis  Mineral  Waters,  Aqua  mine- 
rales  stil/iliii'recB ;  when  warm,  termed  Tlieio- 
thermcp.,  Theiape'ga;,  Thenther'mcB,  Fmites  snlp/in' 
rei  cal'idi,  (F.)  Eaux  minerales  sni/nretises  ou 
f'dfnrees  ou  snl/nreiises  ou  hejxitiqnes,  <fec.  These 
waters  owe  their  distinguishing  character  to  an 
impregnation  of  sulphuretted  hydrogen,  and  are 
nt  once  recognised  by  their  peculiar  fetid  smell, 
resembling  that  of  rotten  eggs.  They  usually 
contain   taline    substances,    which    modify  their 


powers.  From  the  action  of  the  sulphuretted  hy- 
drogen, they  are  useful  in  cutaneous  atVeeli<ii]>  ; 
and,  from  the  combined  action  of  this  and  iho 
saline  matter,  they  are  valuable  agents  in  dis- 
eases of  the  digestive  organs.  They  are  al.vo 
employed  in  cutaneous  eruptions;  and  the  warm 
sulphur  baths  have  been  especially  celebrated  in 
such  cases,  as  well  as  in  rheumatic  att'ections. 
The  most  renowned  sulphureous  waters  are  those 
of  Bareges,  Bagneres-de-Luibon,  Cautercts,  Boii- 
nes,  Aix  in  Savoy,  Aix-la-Chapelle,  Enghien, 
Harrogate,  Motfat,  Virginia  Springs,  kc. 

Some  springs,  us  those  of  ISath,  Buxton,  I)ax, 
Matlock,  Warm  and  Hot  Springs  of  \'irginia, 
<fec.,  are  almost  pure  Thermtd  Mineral  Waters. 
They  are  valuable  agents  in  rheumatic  att'ec- 
tions; the  warn)th  being  equable  during  Iho 
whole  period  the  individual  is  immersed  in  theui ; 
which  cannot  be  the  case  in  the  artificial  thermal 
bath. 

Water,  Mineral,  Acidulous  water,  simple. 

Waters,  Mineral,  Artii'ical,  (F.J  Eanx 
minerales  artificielles  ou  /actives.  These  are  imi- 
tations of  the  natural;  and  some  of  them  —  as 
the  factitious  Cheltenham  water,  and  Sedlitz 
water  —  answer  the  purpose  of  the  natural  water 
tolerably  well.  The  acidulous  and  chalybeate 
waters  are,  however,  most  easily  imitated. 

Water,  Nutmeg,  Spiritus  myristica?. 

Water  Pang,  Pyrosis — w.  Parsnep,  creeping. 
Slum — w.  Pennyroyal,  spirituous,  Spiritus  pulegii 
—  w.  Peppermint,  Aqua  menthaj  piperita;  —  w. 
Pimento,  see  Myrtus  pimenta. 

Water  Pox,  see  Varicella. 

Water,  Protoxide  of  Nitrogen,  Aqua  nitro- 
genii  protoxydi. 

Water  Purpie,  Veronica  beccabunga — w. 
Qualm,  Pyrosis. 

Water,  Rain,  Aqua  pnlvia'lis  seu  plu'ria  seu 
im'hriiim,  (F.)  Ean  de  pluie,  when  collected  at  a 
distance  from  houses  or  other  elevated  object.s,  is 
the  purest  natural  water,  and  has  the  least  spe- 
cific gravity.  The  only  bodies  which  it  usually 
holds  in  solution,  are  carbonic  acid,  and  luinulo 
traces  of  carbonate  of  lime  and  chloride  of  cal- 
cium. 

Water,  Rice,  see  Oryza. 

Water,  River,  Aqua  Jluviat'ilis,  is  derived 
from  the  conflux  of  numerous  sjjrings  and  rain 
water.     It  is,  generally,  pretty  pure. 

Water,  Rose,  Aqua  rosas. 

AVater,  Sea,  Aqna  Mari'na,  Humor  Dor'idis, 
(F.)  Eau  de  Mer,  Ean  salee.  This  contains 
chlorides  of  sodium,  magnesium,  and  calcium, 
and  sulphate  of  magnesia.  It  is  cathartic,  and 
forms  the  usual  glyster  at  sea.  It  makes  an  excel- 
lent tonic  bath:  superior  in  most  cases — especi- 
ally in  scrofula  —  to  the  fresh- water  bath. 

Water,  Searle's  Patent  Oxygenoi's  Aer- 
ated, Aqua  Nitrogenii  protoxydi  —  w.  Seyds- 
chiitz,  Sedlitz  water. 

Water  Shield,  Brasenia  hydropeltis. 

Water,  Snow,  Aqua  niva'ta,  (F.)  Ean  de  nelge, 
has  usually  been  deemed  unwholesome.  It  ex- 
actly resembles  rain  water  in  composition,  and  is 
equally  salubrious. 

Water,  Soda,  Acidulous  water,  simple  —  w. 
Soft,  see  Water,  hard  —  w.  Spearmint,  Aqua 
menthae  viridis. 

Water,  Spring,  Aqna  fontn'na.  Hydrope'qe, 
(F.)  Ean  de  fontaine,  contains,  in  addition  to  tiie 
substances  detected  in  rain  water,  more  or  less 
sulphate  of  lime.  When,  this  is  to  such  an  ex- 
tent as  to  curdle  soap,  the  water  is  said  to  tie 
hard;  if  not,  soft.  Hard  water  is,  of  course, 
inferior  to  soft,  for  domestic  and  medicinal  pur- 
poses. 

Water  Strapping,  see  Water  dressing. 

Water,    Styptic,    Sydenham's,    Solutio   sul- 


WATTWEILER 


979 


WEIGHTS 


phatis  cupri  cotnposita— w.  Tar,  see  Pinus  sylves- 
tris  —  w.  Toast,  see  Toast- water. 

Wateh  Taught,  Brasenia  hyJropeltis. 

AVatbk,  AVkli-,  Ai/iKi  puteu'liH  seu  puten'nn 
gcu  ex  pii'tco,  (F.)  Eon  de  p,nt  ou  de  source,  is 
tiie  suiiie  as  spring  water,  but  liable  to  impregna- 
tion, owing  to  the  land  springs  filtering  into  the 
wells,  and  eonveying  impurities  into  them. 

Watkhs,  The,  Liquor  Amnii — w.  Bag  of.  see 
Liquor  Amnii — w.  Discharged  or  broken,  Profusio 
miuae — w.  Distilled,  Aquae  destillatue  —  w.  First, 
Priniitiai — w.  (Jreen,  see  Lochia. 

WATTWEILKR,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF. 
AVattweiler  is  a  small  town  in  the  department  of 
llaut-Rliin,  at  the  f(jot  of  the  Vosges.  The  wa- 
ters are  acidulous  chalybeates,  and  contain  car- 
bonates of  iron,  lime,  and  soda,  chloride  of 
Boilium,  and  free  carbonic  acid. 

WAX,  Cera — w.  Ear,  Cerumen. 

WAX.  MYRTLE.  A  wax  obtained  from  the 
fruit  of  Mi/ri'ca  ceri/'era.  It  has  been  prescribed 
in  dysentery. 

Wax,  Ykllow  and  White,  Cera  flava  et  alba. 

WAXING  KERNELS,  Waxen-kerveh,  Cres- 
ecn'ticB,  (F.)  Croisnaiices,  Cioissuutu,  Glandea  de 
ci-uisHance.  A  popular  term  for  small  tumours, 
formed  by  an  enlargement  of  the  lymphatic 
glands  —  in  the  groins  of  children  particularly. 
They  have  been  looked  upon  as  connected  with 
the  growth  of  the  body, — hence  their  name. 

WAY,  Saxon  paej,  Vin,  Passage,  Odoa,  (F.) 
Vote.     A  name  given  to  different  canals. 

WAYBREAD,  Plantago  major. 

AVAYS,  DIGES'TIVE,  ni<iest!ve  Pas' sages, 
PiiiiKB  Vi(B,{F,)  Voies  digestives,  Premieres  vuies, 
are  the  series  of  hollow  organs  of  digestion,  com- 
posed of  mouth,  oesophagus,  stomach,  and  small 
and  largo  intestines.  The  term  is  often  restricted 
to  the  first  three  of  these. 

Ways,  Second,  Second  Passages,  Secuti'dcB 
^ia:,  (F.)  Secoiides  voies,  comprise  the  chyliferous, 
lymphatic  and  blood  vessels. 

WEAKSIGIITEDNESS,  Asthenopia. 

WEAL,  Wheal. 

WEAM,  Abdomen,  Uterus, 

WEAM-ILL,  Colic. 

WEANING,    from    Saxon  penan,  'to  wean;' 

Abiitcta'tin,  Apoga/actis'iinis,  (Prov.)  Spaiiiiig, 
(F. )  Secrnge.  The  act  of  depriving  the  infant, 
permanently,  of  the  breast,  in  order  to  feed  it  on 
other  atid  more  solid  nourishment. 

Weaning  Biiash,  see  Brash,  weaning. 

WEARING,  Consumption. 

WEATHERCOCKS,  Impatiens. 

WEB.  Caligo,  Pterygium  —  w.  Muscular,  Pan- 
nieulus  carnosus. 

AVEB-EYE,  Caligo. 

WEBBED  FINGERS.  Dactylion. 

WEBERIAN  CORPUSCLE,  see  Ejaculatory 
Duets  — w.  Organ,  see  Ejaculatory  Ducts. 

WED(tED,  (D.)  wegghe,  Tudn'sus,  TithcB'- 
reiis,  (F.)  EnchirJ.  The  head  of  the  foetus  is  said 
to  be  wedged,  locked  or  impacted  in  the  pelvis, 
when  it  remains  fi.xed,  notwithstanding  the  ute- 
rine efforts. 

The  condition  is  called  Liciinea'tio  seu  Incln- 
ro'tio  futds,  Spheiio'ais,  {F.)  Eiielavemetit.  See 
I'aragotnphosis. 

WEEBO,  Senecio  Jncobaea. 

WEED,  see  Mastitis— w.  Arrow.  Sagittaria  va- 
riabilis—  w.   Beetle,  Gala.x   aphylla— w.  Breast, 
Sa<irurus  cernuus — w.   in   the  Breast,  see   Mas- i 
titis  —  w.  Butter,  Erigeron  Canacionse  —  w.  Can-: 
cer,    (xoodyera    puheseens  —  w.    Dyer's.   Reseda  ; 
luteola w.  Field,  Anthemis  cotula — w.  Horse,  i 


Erigeron  Canadense — w.  Horsefly,  Sophora  tinc- 
toria  —  w.  Milk,  Apocynum  androsaemifolium  — 
w.  Phthisis,  Ludwigia  palustris  —  w.  Pride,  Eri- 
geron Canadense  —  w.  Silver,  Potentilla  nnserina 
—  w.  Soldiers',  ALitico  —  w.  Thimble,  Bmlbeckia 
laciniata  —  w.  Wind,  Asclepias  tuberosa. 

AVEEPING,  Fletus— w.  Tear,  Tear. 

AVEESEL,  Trachea. 

AVE  ID,  see  Mastitis. 

AA'EIGIIT,  from  Saxon,  psesan,  'to  weigh;' 
(F.)  Pesauteur.  A  sensation  of  heaviness  or 
pressure  over  the  whole  body,  or  over  a  part  — 
the  stomach  or  head,  for  exami)le. 

AVEIGHTS  AND  MEASURES,  Pon'dera  et 
ilensu'rm,  (F.)  Puids  et  Mesures.  The  importance 
of  possessing  a  uniform  system  of  weights  and 
measures  has  impressed  the  scientific  of  all  coun- 
tries, and  numerous  endeavours  have  been  made 
to  accomplish  the  object.  It  is,  however,  a  mat- 
ter of  considerable  difJiculty,  and  one  not  likely 
to  be  attained.  The  new  French  measures  are 
upon  decidedly  the  best  footing,  but  they  are  not 
adopted  out  of  France.  The  greatest  diversity 
prevails  over  Europe  in  the  measures,  both  of 
weight  and  capacity.  Some  of  the  following 
tables  will  show,  that  every  subdivision  of  the 
pound,  as  well  as  the  pound  itself,  differs  in  Eng- 
land and  in  France. 

WEIGHTS. 

Troy  Weight,  as  used  bi/  the  British  Apothecaries. 
— Potidus  pharmaceu'ticuiii  seu  mediciiude. 


(  12  ounces. 
I     8  drachms. 


The  pound    lb  "| 

The  ounce      ^    | 

The  draclim  ^  }■  contains  -j     .3  scruples. 

The  scruple'^    |  |   20  grains. 

The  grain    gr.  J  |_ 


These,  and  the  signs  by  which  they  are  denoted, 
are  the  same  in  all  the  British  Pharmacopoeias, 
as  well  as  in  the  American. 

lb.         Oz.    J>rachms.  Scrvp.  Grs. 

1    =    12    =    96    =    288     =  5760 

1    =      8    =      24    =  480 

1    =        3    =  60 

1    =  20 

Poids  de  Marc. 


ains  ■' 


16  ounces. 
8  drachms, 
contains-'    3  scruples. 
1  24  grains. 


Avoirdupois. 

Pound.       Ounces.  Drachms.  Troy  grains, 
lb.  1.     =     16     r:     256     =     TOoiJ 
1     =:      16     =      4:;7o 

1     i=        27-34375 

The  avoirdupois  drachm  is  sometimes  divided 
into  three  scruples,  and  the  scruple  into  ten 
grains.  The  pound  of  7680  grains  jivoirdupois 
=  7000  grains  troy,  and  hence  1  grain  troy  = 
•97  grain  avoirdupois. 

The  Poids  de  Marc  is  that  employed  by  the 
French  Pharmaciens,  when  the  new  weights  are 
not.  The  Avoirdupois  is  now  used  by  the  Dublin 
College. 

The  following  tables  exhibit  the  relative  value' 
of  the  old  French  and  English  weights: 

Poids  de  Marc.     Tmy  H7.  Jraird.  Troy  grs. 

1  pd   (livre)  =  l-HVi'S/fi     =  1-0SM4.S»  =:  75fil 
loz.  (once)    =     •9S4504«j  =  lOSOllooz  =:    472-5625 
1  dr.  (gros.)  =     •954604u'r  =  590703125 

1  gr.  =  -820421 


WEIGHTS 


980 


WEIGHTS 


Troy.  raids  de  Marc.        French  grains. 

1  pound  =      0-76180  Ih.  —       7561 

1  ounce  =r      1-Olo74  once  =        585-083 

1  drBchm  =.      1-0157 -4  ^rros  =  73135 

1  gnviu  1-219 

Avoirdupois.  Poids  de  Marc.        French  grains. 

1  pound        =      0-925803  lb.        =        85323 
1  ounce         =      0-925803  once    =         533-27 

To  convert  French  grains  into  Troy  "V 

grains,  divide  by  I       ,.9100 

«  Troy  grains   into  French  f      ^ '^^^^ 

grains,  multiply  by         ) 
"  French   ounces  into  Troy  ^ 

ounces,  divide  by  [       ■•.mrnoA 

«  Troy  ounces  into  French  [       •'"■'O'"^'* 

ounces,  multiply  by         J 
"  French  pounds   (paids  de  "1 

marc)  into  Troy  pounds, 

multiply  by  I      1-31268 

"  Troy  pounds  into  French 

pounds,  divide  by  J 

Foids  de  Marc  or 

Troy  grain.  French  grain. 

1  =  1-219 

2  =  2-438 

3  =  3-657 

4  =  4-876 
6  =  6-095 

6  =  7-314 

7  =  8-533 

8  =  9-752 

9  =  10-971 

French  grain.  Troy  grain. 

1  =  0-8203 

2  =  1-6406 

3  =  2-4609 

4  =  3-2812 

5  =:  4-1015 

6  =  4-9218 

7  =  5-74-21 

8  =  6-5C-24 

9  =  7-3827 

New  French  Dfcimal  or  Iletrical  Weights. 

Troy  grains. 
Milligramme     =  -0154 

Centigramme    :=  -1543 

Decigramme      =  1-5434 

Gramme  rr  15--1340  lb.  oz.  dr.  gr. 

Deca'-'ramme     =        154-3402     =002    34-4 
Heotogriunme   =      1543-4023     =       0    3    1    44-4 
Kilogramme      =    15434-0-234     =      2    8    1    24 
Myriagramme  =  154340-2344     =     26    9    6      0 

Compnrntive  Value  0/ the  French  Medicinal 
Pound  and  that  0/ other  Places. 

lbs.  oz.  dr.  gr. 

Germany 0  15  4  48 

Amsterdam 1  00  0  42 

Belgium 1  00  0  42 

Berne 1  00  0  00 

Copenhagen 0  15  3  20^/^ 

Florence 0  11  0  50    divided  into  12  oz. 

Genoa 0  10  5  60        do.      into  12  oz. 

Geneva 1  00  0  18 

Hamburg 0  15  2  15 

Lisbon 0  15  7  68 

London 0  12  3  12    divided  into  12  oz. 

Madrid 0  15  0  16 

Milan 0  9  3  00 

Monaco 0  15  2  23 

Naples 0  10  7  54    divided  into  12  oz. 

Paris 1  00  0  00    divided  into  16  oz. 

Rome 0  11  0  50        do.      into  12  oz. 

Stockholm 0  13  7      8 

United  States  ...  0  12  3  12    divided  into  12  oz. 

Warsaw  1  10  4  24 

Tonice 0  8  6  00 

Vienna 1  2  2  32 

MEASURES    OF    CAPACITr. 

English  Measure  of  Fluids. 


The  gallon  {cimgius). 
Ihepint  (octarius)..         0 

Thefluidounce f,^   .  contains  < 

Thefluidrachm f,^ 

The  minim Tl\^_ 


8  pints. 
16  fluidounces. 

8  fluidrachms. 
60  minims. 


Proportions  0/  the  Apothecaries'  and  Wine  Gallon. 

Gal.  Pints.   Fluidoz.      Fluidr.      Minims.    Cub.  inches. 
1     =     8     =     128     =     1024     =     61440     =     231 

1     =      16     =      128     =      7080     =       28-875 
1     =  8     =        480     =        1-8(147 

1     =  60     =  -2250 


Imperial  JIfeasure,  adopted   by  tne  London   Col- 
lege in  their  Pharmacopoeia  of  lb36. 


Gallon.      J 

Pints 

Fluidounces.    Fluidr. 

Minims. 

1      = 

8 
1 

=       160      =      1280 

=        20      =        160 

1      =            8 

1 

=      76800 
=         9600 
=:          480 
=            00 

Comparative    Value    of  the   Proportions    of  the 
Wine  and  Imperial  Gallons. 


Wine. 

Pints 

Imperial. 
Fluidoz.    Fluidr. 

Minims. 

1  gallon           =    6 
1  pint               = 
1  fluidounce     = 
1  Huidrachm    = 

13 
16 
1 

2 
5 
0 
1 

23 
18 
20 
2J^ 

Imperial. 

Gallon. 

Wine. 
Pint.    Fluidoz.  Fluidr 

Minims. 

1  gallon           =:  1 
1  pint               = 
1  fluidounce    = 
1  fluidrachm  =: 

1 

1 

9             6 
3            1 

7 

8 

38 
41 
68 

French  Measures  of  Capacity. 


English  cubic  inches. 

Wine  Measure. 

Millilitre 

=              -061028     = 

16-2318  minims. 

Centilitre 

=               -610280     =: 

2-7053  fluidrachms. 

Decilitre 

=:             6-102800     = 

3-3816  fluiOounccs. 

Litre 

=           61-028000     = 

21135  pints. 

Decalitre 

=:        61O-28O00O     = 

2-6419  gallons. 

Hectolitre 

=       6102  800000 

Kilolitre 

=     61028-000000 

Myrialitre    —  610280-000000 

Approximate  comparison  betu:ecn  the  ancient 
French  Pleasures  of  Capacity,  and  the  new, 
and  conversely. 

Grammes.     Litres.  Decilitres.  Centilitres. 
1  poisson        =    125     or     0               1  2 

1  demi-setier  =     250      or      0  2  5 

1  cliopine       zz    500     or     0  5  0 

Ipinte  —  1000     or     1  0  0 

Grammes,  lbs.  oz.  dr.  gr. 
1  ceniilitre  —  10  or  0  0  23^  00 
1  decilitre   =     100  or  0    3    2      00  [pints. 

1  litre         =1  1000  or  2    0    3      36  =  2-113  Eng.  wine 


Hfeasures  of  Length. 

Inches. 
1  line,  the  12th  part  of  an  inch. 

3  barleycorns I'OOO 

A  palm  or  hand's  breadth  (Scripture  mea- 
sure)   3-648 

A  7ia«rf  (horse  measure)    4-000 

A  span  (Scripture  measure) 10-944 

Afoot 12-000 

A  cubit  (Scripture    measure   for  common 

purposes) 18-000 

A  cubit  (Scripture  measure  for  sacred  pur- 
poses)    21-888 

A  Flemish  ell 27-000 

A  yard 3  ft.  00 

An  Englishell 3  "  09 

A  fathom  OT  toise 6"  00 


New  French  Ifeasures  of  Length. 


English  inches. 

Millimetre           0-039 

Centimitre           0-393 

Decimetre            3-937 

yd. 

/<• 

inch 

Miire                39371      = 

1 

0 

3-37 

WEIGflTS 


981 


VALUES    OP   THR    ORKCIAN,    noMA^,   AND    ARABIAN 
WEIGHTS  AND  MEASUUES  IN  I-OIDS  DE  MARC. 


1.   Weights  of  the  Ancient  Greeka. 

lbs.    oz.  dr.    gr. 

The  ta7fn<  (TaXavrov) 54      2      b      2\ 

The  mna  (i,va) 14      3      40 

The  drachm  (Spaj^lt,)) 1      n 

The  obolu.^  (o0oXus) 13 

The  ce.ration  (Kcpariov) 4 

The  chakiis  (•^aXxovs)  2 

The  se2>l<m  (aeirrov) 1/ 


WEIGHTS 
2.   Weiffhts  of  the  Ancient  Romans. 


oz.    dr. 


The  prmnd  (libra) 10      6 

The  ounce  (uncia) '.'..'.'.'.'. 7 

The  dudia 2 

The  sicilicus 1 

The  sextula .'.."...'...'..."  1 

The  consular  denier.  denariu.<! 1 

The  imperial  denier  or  drachm,  drachma  .".....". 65 

The  victoriatui 37 

Tlie  scriptulum  or  scruple .........'.  21 

The  obolus 11 

The  siliqua „ .'....!!!!!!!.'.!!....!!!!!!     4 

The  Greeks  divided  their  obolus  into  chaici 
and  lepta:  some  divided  it  into  6  chaici,  and 
each  chalcus  into  7  lepta;  others  into  8  chaici, 
and  every  chalcus  into  8  lepta  or  tninuta. 

Dr.  Milligan,  in  his  edition  of  CeL=us,  gives  the  following  table,  exhibiting  the  Troy  weight  of 
measures  of  capacity  and  of  weight  in  use  amongst  the  Romans. 
IPrna.      Libra. 


Amphora 2    =     80 

Urna 1     =     40 

Conpu.s %  —     \Q 

Sextarius 1^ 

Libra 1 

Ilcmina 


Vhcia. 
:  960 
:  480 
:  120 
20 
12 


Denarius.   Scrnpulus. 
-    6720      =:  20160 
=  10080 
=    2540 


,    ,  84-7  = 

AcetamiMim  21-7  = 

^i'sijiii-cyathu.s 2  1-7  =r 

Cyalhus '"  j  .3.7  — 

f^cscuncia \\/    — 

i^"<ia :::::::::::::::  /^  = 

Cochleare  

Drachma 

Denarius !......... 

Scrupulus ..'.'..'.'........ 

5'crupulus  diniidiatus ''\/  ~ 

Olwlus /2  - 

Sextans !'3!^"!!!^!^.^^["!!"!!!!!!!!!'^"!!1 

Chalcus 


3.360 

840 

140  = 

84  = 

60  = 

15  = 

15  = 

10  = 

101^  = 

7  = 

...  1  = 


420  = 

252  = 

180  =r 

45  = 

45  =r 

30  = 

31^  = 

21  = 


Sextans. 
=  40320 
=  26160 
=     5040 
=       840 


604 
SCO 
90 
90 
60 
63 
42 
15 


Chalcus. 
=  403200 
=  210000 
=  60400 
=  8400 
=  5040 
=  3600 
=  900 
=  900 
=  600 
=  €30 
=  420 
=  150 
=  60 

—  60 
=  20 
=:  10 
=:           10 

—  10 
1 


Grana. 

4204S0 

210240 

62920 

8760 

5256 

3759 

939 

939 

626 

657 

438 

1.56 

62  4-7 

62  4-7 

202^ 

1014 

11-30 


lie  gives  also  the  following  '  Carmen  Jl/nemoni- 
cutii,'  which  e-\liibits  the  analogies  of  the  Roman 
and  British  imperial  weights. 

CTo  tt)c  conflfiLs  nnlJ  flallon,  carl),  ten  pounlrs 

allulu, 
(Dn  tlje  biL^ftrl  an"a  nmj)l)ora  Etflhtn  bcstoto  ; 
i\oine'.s  4)ouutr,   as  in  Eton  iUEiflljt,  fluclbe 

ounces  obtafns, 
But  l)cr  ounce  is  SH)ofr1iupof.s,  .strfctlj,  In 

Jirnins : 
ZDenarff  ^)i-am,s,  scruples  .scniplf  tieffnc, 
Sfptarfus  anstoers  to  our  bottle  of  lufne, 
Qnli  tl)e  mna's  a  st)oct  pint — fourteen  ounces 

in  fine. 

3.  Weights  said  to  be  of  the  Arabians,  Ifodern 
Greeks,  and  Latins  of  the  barbarous  periods  of 
the  Jliddle  Ages, 


oz.  dr. 

The  alcheminn 14    3 

The  manes  or  ominns 10    6 

Sacrns,  aiKjhhen,  ailar,  assatil 7 

The  great  or  rnyal  nut 3 

The  sextariits.  stater 3 

The  Usser  nut 2 

AUoranus 2 

Aureus,  Alcnbolus 2 

The  hazel  nut.  bemlneate,  hnlca,  alchi,  dar- 

rhimi.  alminchilnf.  nlnqinat.  nabach 1 

The  acorn,  lupine.  Fi/ypti(in  or  Si/rian  bean, 

the  bachit 

The  .Alexandrian  bean  or  tre.messis 

The  Greek  bean  or  gramme,  the  kermet.  go- 

num,  harmi,  gracchtis 

The  ring,  cumulus,  seminet,  onolosich,  ono- 

lossat 

The  danich 

The  kirat,  alK-Oat,  kararit 


1.   Greeh  Ileasures. 


lbs.  oz.  dr.  gr. 


The  metrefes  (i^cTptjrm)  84    4  3 

The  chus,  choa,  congius  (^ovs) 7    0  2 

The  Testes  (^tarrii) 117 

The  co/yte  (icoruAi?) 8  7 

The  tela rtrin  (TiTaprov) 4  3 

The  oxybaphon  {o(,vBai(iov) 2  1 

The  cyaihos  {KvaSoi) 1  4 

The  concha  (Koyxn) 6 

The  mystrnn  {iiv(rTpov) 3 

The  chama  miywr  (xiixr]) 2 

The  cochliarion  (KoX^iapiov) 1 

2.  Roman  Measures  of  Capacity. 


00 
66 
44 
58 
65 
69 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


The 
The 
The 
The 
The 
The 
The 
The 
The 


lbs.  oz.  dr.  gr. 


amphora  or  cad  us 56  2 

wnn 28  1 

cnngiu^ 7  Q 

.vxtarius 1  4 


hem  in  a  . 

quarlarius 

acetabulum 

cyatlius  or  small  glass, 
ligula  OT  spoon/ id 


3.  Measures  said  to  be   of  the  Arabian,  Arabist, 
and  Latin  Physicians  of  the  Middle  Ages. 

lbs.  oz.  dr.  gr. 

The  mis.mhaos  vrei^heH 3  8     1  33 

Jben.  lirt.  ejub.  elie.ria.  or  Roman  mina,  1  6    0  00 

The  phial,  huffilius,  or  hassHinvs 10    1  18 

The  calix  or  rejelati 8     0  44 

The  hundful.pugiUum,  cnrntisum 3     2  68 

The  hassnf.  aesasse,  or  anesime 2    4  20 

The  conos  or  coalus,  alcantus  or  abnunesi, 

brialc  cudbus 1     5  34 

The  lesser  bachates 5  56 

The  largest  sjwoii/ul 4  44 

A  spoonful 1  52 

The  colanos  or  retlanarium 1  2S 

A  small  sjMionful  or  JIagerina.  or  cyanes,  1  11 

The  smallest  spoon/td  or  fuJuiliel 42 


WEILBACII 


982 


WHITLOW 


A  good  section  on  weights  and  measures  is 
contained  in  the  edition  of  "  The  Seven  Books 
of  Paulas  ^13s>neta,"  by  Mr.  Francis  Adams, 
published  by  the  Sydenham  Society  of  London, 
vol.  iii.  p.  609,  London,  1847. 

Besides  the  weights  and  measures  above  men- 
tioned, employed  by  the  moderns,  there  are  modes 
of  estimating  the  quantities  of  substances  by  ap- 
proximation.    For  example  :  — 
A  gliissfid  or  cupful,  (  (F.)  Verre,)  is  reckoned  to 

contain  4  or  6  fluidouiices. 
A  roine-glaasfid,  \\  ounce  or  two  ounces. 
A  table-spoonful,  (  (F.)  Cailler  a   bouche,)  about 

half  an  ounce. 
A  coffee  or  dessei-t-spoonful,  about  3  drachms. 
A  tea-spootifid,  a  fluidrachra. 
A  handful,  main'pulus,   (  (F.)  Poignee,)  as  much 

as  can  be  held  in  the  hand. 
The  Puyillim  {  (F.)  Piucee)  is  as  much  as  can  be 

held  by  the  three  fingers. 

These  last  quantities  are  occasionally  prescribed 
by  the  French  practitioners.  Their  weights  must, 
of  course,  vary,  according  to  the  article.  The 
authors  of  the  Parisian  codex  have  valued  them, 
as  regards  certain  substances. 

JiVench. 

nz.  dr. 

A  JlfanjpuJMS  of  barley  weighs 3  2\^ 

"  linseed 1  4 

"  linseed  meal 3  3 

"  dried  mallow  leaves 1  3 

"  dried  eiibnry  leaves 1  0 

"  flowers  of  the  tilia 1  2}^ 

dr.  scr.   gr. 
A  PuffiRus  of  chamomile  flowers  weighs  2 

"              arnica 1  2 

"              marsh-mallow 1  1 

"              mallow 60 

"              fennel  seeds 1      60 

«              aniseed 1  J^     60 

A  hen's  egg,  newly  laid,  weighs  about  2  ounces 
and  2  drachms:  when  deprived  of  its  shell,  2 
ounces.  The  lohite  weighs  1  ounce,  2  drachms, 
and  67  grains  :  the  yolli,  5  drachms  and  15  grains. 

WEILBACH,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  The 
village  of  Weilbach  is  in  the  plain  between  the 
Maine  and  the  southern  extremity  of  the  Tau- 
nus  hills.  It  has  in  its  neighbourhood  a  cold 
sulphureous  alkaline  spring,  the  water  of  which 
is  bottled  and  exported,  although  not  of  great 
efficacy.  Its  use  is  at  times  combined  with  that 
of  the  saline  springs  in  Nassau,  and  of  Baden- 
Baden,  in  various  chronic  abdominal  and  thoracic 
affections. 

WEINTRAUBENKUR,  Grape  cure. 

AVELCOME  TO  OUR  HOUSE,  Euphorbia 
cyparissias. 

WELD,  Reseda  luteola. 

WELK,  Whelk.  An  inequality;  a  protube- 
rance ;  a  cutaneous  eruption  of  this  character. 
Acne. 

WELTER'S  BITTER,  Acid,  carbazotic. 

V/EM,  Abdomen,  Uterus. 

WEMDING,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  These 
waters  are  situate  about  four  leagues  from  Donau- 
worth  in  Bavaria.  They  contain  sulphuretted  hy- 
drogen ;  carbonates  of  lime,  magnesia,  and  soda; 
sulphates  of  lime  and  magnesia;  a  little  chloride 
of  calcium,  and  oxide  of  iron;  and  are  much  used 
in  astlfenic  diseases. 

WEN,  Sax.  pen,  Lu'pia,  Tumour,  (F.)  Loup. 
A  name  given  to  circumscribed,  indolent  tumours, 
without  inflammation  or  change  of  colour  of  the 
skin.  They  may  be  met  with  in  almost  every 
part  of  the  body.  Their  magnitude,  as  well  as 
nature,  is  very  variable.  The  term  is  sometimes 
given  to  an  encysted  tumour,  and  to  bronchocele. 

WESTERN  ISLANDS,  Azores. 


WEST  INDIES,  (CLIMATE  OF.)  The  cli- 
mate  of  the  West  Indies  has  long  been  regarded 
as  favourable  to  the  consumptive.  In  confirmed 
consumption,  it  a])pears,  however,  to  be  positively 
injurious.  As  a  prophylactic  for  tho.-ie  i)rcdis- 
posed  to  consumption,  it  is  generally  fjivourabie. 
The  nature  of  the  patient's  constitution,  in  re- 
gard to  the  effects  of  elevated  temperature,  hiis 
always  to  be  taken  into  account.  In  discuses 
that  are  benefited  bj'  warm  climates,  the  West 
Indies  afford  an  appropriate  residence.  The 
islands  in  which  the  invalid  can  best  obtain  all 
the  advantages  of  the  climate,  are  Jamaica,  Bar- 
badoes,  St.  Vincents,  Antigua,  St.  Kitts,  and 
Santa  Cruz. 

WEST'S  SPRING,  see  South  Carolina,  mine- 
ral waters  of. 

AVET  STRAPPING,  see  AVater  dressing. 

AVHAIIOO,  see  Euonymus. 

AVHEAL,  Weal,  Wale,  Pomphus.  A  ridge, 
or  elevation  of  the  skin,  produced  by  a  rod  or 
whip;  or  as  if  produced  in  that. manner.  Such 
elevations  are  seen  in  urticaria. 

AVIIEAT,  Triticum — w.  Indian,  Zea  mays — w. 
Turkey,  Zea  mays. 

AVIIEEZE,  (Prov.)  Rezzh,  Rax.  hpeoron, 
formed  probably,  like  rvhiz  and  whinper,  from  ttie 
sound  it  expresses.  To  breathe  with  difficulty 
and  noise,  as  in  asthma. 

AVIIELK,  Acne,  AA^elk  —  w.  Chin,  Sycosis — w. 
Rosy,  Gutta  rosea. 

AA'HETLEBONES,  Vertebrae. 

AVIIEY,  Serum  lactis. 

Whey-Cure,  (G.)  Molkenkur.  In  the  Kur- 
saal  of  many  of  the  German  watering  places,  a 
space  is  set  apart  for  whey  drinkers.  The  whey 
is  a  pleasant  diluent,  and  the  saccharine  matter 
it  contains  may  act  as  a  eutrophic  ;  but  the  main 
effect  on  the  valetudinarian  is  probably  produced 
by  the  new  impressions  made  upon  him  by  his 
visit  to  the  watering  place. 

AVhey,  Mustard,  see  Sinapis — w.  Rennet,  see 
Serum  lactis — w.  Sack,  AVine-whey — w. Tamarind, 
see  Tamarindus  —  w.  Vinegar,  see  Acetum  —  w. 
AVine,  AVine-whev. 

WHIFFING  MURMUR,  see  Murmur,  respi- 
ratory. 

AVillG,  Buttermilk,  Serum  lactis. 

AVHIMBERRY,  A^accinium  myrtillus. 

AVHISKY,  see  Spirit.  A  spirituous  liquor  ob- 
tained from  oats,  potatoes,  <fec.,  by  distillation. 

AVhisky  Liver,  Liver,  nutmeg. 

WHISPER,  CAVERNOUS,  see  Cavernous. 

WHIS'PERING  ;  evidently  an  example  of  ono- 
matopoeia [hooisp'ering),  Susurra'lio,  Sunnrra'- 
tion.  Articulation  of  the  air  sent  through  the 
vocal  tube  without  any  action  of  the  glottis. 

AVhispering  Souffle,  see  Souffle. 

AVHISTLING,  Sifflement,  see  lidle  mhilant. 

WHITE  BALL,  Cephalanthus  occidentalis— w. 
Blisters,  Rupia  escharotica. 

AViiiTE,  Flake,  Plumbi  subcarbonas. 

AA'hite  Leaf,  Pyrola  maculata,  Spirit" a  tomen- 
tosa — w.  Leg,  Phlegmatia  dolens — w.  Matter  of 
the  brain,  see  Cerebrum  —  w.  Root,  Angelica 
lucida,  Asclepias  tuberosa,  Ligusticum  actaeifo- 
lium. 

AVhite,  Spanish,  Bismuth,  subnitrato  of. 

White  Substance  of  Schwann,  see  Nerve 
fibre  —  w.  Sulphur,  see  A''irginia,  mineral  waters 
of — w.  Swelling,  Ilydrarthus  —  w.  Swelling  of 
lying-in  women,  Phlegmatia  dolens  —  w.  AVeed, 
Chrysanthemum  leueanthemum — w.  Wood,  Lirio- 
dendron,  Tilia  Americana. 

AVHITENESS  OF  COMPLEXION,  Paleness. 

WHITES,  THE,  Leucorrhoea. 

WHITLEYA  STRAMONIFOLIA,  Anisodus 
luridus. 

AVHITLOAV,  Paronychia. 


"VVIIOOPING-COUGII 


983 


WINE 


WII001'[Xn. COUGH,  Pertussis. 
AVIIOKIA'WORT,  Lcptan.lria  purpurea. 

WIIORTLKBKHRY,  Vaecinium  inyrtillus, 
Viiccimuiu  vilis  idsea  —  w.  Bears',  Arbutus  uva 
ursi. 

WIIORTS.  BLACK.  Vaecinium  inyrtillus. 

WIIYTT'S  DISEASE,  Hydrocephalus  in- 
terims. 

WIDOW-WAIL,  Cneorum  tricoccum.  Daphne 
Alpirui. 

WIESBADEN,  MINERAL  AVATERS  OF, 
see  Wi>hi\(len. 

WIESSAU,  MINERAL  WATERS  OF.  These 
Witters  are  situate  about  four  leagues  from  the 
convent  of  Waldsassen  in  Bavaria.  They  contain 
carbonic  acid;  carbonates  of  lime  and  magnesia; 
chlorides  of  calcium,  magnesium,  and  aluminium  ; 
carbonate  of  soda,  and  much  oxide  of  iron.  The 
Bavarians  consider  them  to  resemble  the  waters 
of  Pyrinont. 

WILD,  Sax.  pil«,  (D.)  Wild.  An  epithet 
given  to  the  countenance,  when  not  in  harmony 
with  the  condition  of  the  individual,  and  indica- 
ting strong  mental  emotion  ;  —  a  wild  look,  (F.) 
J'lii/Hi'dijiioiiile  ei/(irfe. 

WILDBAD,  MINERAL  WATERS  OP.  Wild- 
bad  is  a  small  town  of  W^urtemberg,  three  Ger- 
man miles  from  Baden-Baden.  It  is  much  fre- 
(pientcd  as  a  watering-place.  The  water  is  ther- 
mal, from  95°  to  100°  of  Fahr.,  and  is  much  em- 
ployed in  cases  in  which  thermal  waters  are  indi- 
cated. It  is  used  internally,  a  pint  not  con- 
taining more  than  a  grain  of  solid  ingredients, 
which  consists  of  salts  of  soda  and  lime.  The 
propiirtion  of  carbonic  acid  gas  is  very  small. 

WILDFIRE,  Erysipelas. 

Wii.DFiiiK  Rash,  Ignis  sylvaticus. 

WILDUNGEN,  MINERAL  W^ATERS  OF. 
Wildungen  is  situate  a  few  miles  from  Cassel  in 
Germany.  In  its  neighbourhood  are  several  mi- 
neral springs;  the  chief  of  which,  according  to 
Stucke,  contain  a  bituminous  matter;  chloride 
of  sodium  and  sulphate  of  soda;  carbonate  and 
sulphate  of  lime,  &c.  They  are  used,  chiefly,  as 
refrigerants. 

WILL,  Voluntas. 

WILL  AN,  Salix. 

WILLOW,  Salix— w.  Herb,  Common,  Lythrum 
salicaria  —  w.  Herb,  great,  Epilobium  angustifo- 
lium  —  w.  Herb,  purple,  Lythrum  salicaria  —  w. 
Herb,  purple  veined,  Epilobium  coloratum. 

WiM.ow,  Low-bush,  Sali.x  humilis — w.  Speck- 
led, Salix  humilis  —  w.  Red,  Cornus  sericea  —  w. 
Rose,  Cornus  sericea  —  w.  Sweet,  Myrica  gale. 

WIND,  Sax.  pint),  (an  example  of  onomato- 
poiea — ooiii(l)  V^entii/i,  An'emos,  (F.)  Veut.  W'inds 
exert  considerable  influence  on  the  animal  econo- 
my ;  acting  by  their  temperature,  which  neces- 
sarily modifies  that  of  the  circumambient  air,  as 
well  as  by  their  moisture  or  dryness,  and  by  the 
emanations  of  different  kinds,  which  they  trans- 
port to  greater  or  less  distances.  The  winds 
which  blow  over  a  considerable  extent  of  country, 
are  dry  and  serene:  those  which  come  from  the 
ocean  are  moist  and  chilly. 

Wind,  see  Flatulence. 

M'iNn  OP  A  Ball.  A  term  applied  to  the  com- 
pression of  air,  supposed  to  be  produced  by  the 
passage  of  a  ball  near  a  part  of  the  bodj',  so  as 
to  occasion  what  has  been  called  a  wind  eoiitu- 

sin)i. 

AViNn  CovTiTSiov,  see  Wind  of  a  Ball  —  w. 
Dropsy,  Emphysema,  Tympanites  —  w.   Flower, 

Anemone w.  Pipe.  Trachea — w.  Root,  Asclepias 

tuliorosa  — w.  AVoed,  Asclepias  tuberosa. 

WINDINESS,  Flatulence. 

AVINDY,  F/'ifiilen'tim,  Flal'ulent,  Va'poroiin, 
(E.)  Venteiuc,  Flatueux.    That  which  causes  wind 


or  flatulence ;  also,  that  which  is  caused  by  wind 
or  flatulence ;  as  windy  food,  windy  colic,  <tc. 
Also,  one  affected  with  flatulence,  or  who  is 
'troubled  with  the  wind.' 

AVINE,  Sax.  pin,  (G.)  AVein,  originally,  per- 
haps, from  oivoi,  (Enos,  Vinum,  fti&v,  Metliii,  (F.) 
17)1.  A  name  given  by  chymists  to  all  liquors 
that  have  become  spirituous  by  fermentation. 
The  term  is  generally,  however,  restricted  to  the 
fermented  juice  of  the  grape,  or  of  fruits,  the  pro- 
duct of  whose  fermentaticjn  resembles,  in  almo^t 
all  respects,  that  of  the  juice  of  the  grape.  AVine 
is  composed  of  alcohol;  saccharine  matter;  malic 
acid;  tartaric  acid  ;  bitartrate  of  potxissa;  acetic 
acid  ;  an  extractive  colouring  matter,  more  or  less 
bitter,  and  partly  resinous  ;  and  sometimes  of  an 
aromatic  substance.  The  extractive  colouring 
matter  is  chiefly  met  with  in  red  wines.  All  these 
constituents,  except  the  alcohol,  are  found  ready 
formed  in  the  grape.  The  alcohol  proceeds  from 
the  decomposition  of  the  saccharine  matter.  A 
part  of  the  acetic  acid  is  also  formed  during  fer- 
mentation. 

The  following  table,  drawn  up  by  Mr.  Brande, 
exhibits  the  quantity  of  spirit  in  different  kinds 
of  wine  and  liquors.  It  is  proper,  however,  to 
remark,  that  many  of  these  wines  are  prepared 
for  the  London  market,  and  are  more  brandied,  or 
"reinforced,"  than  the  same  varieties  sold  in  the 
United  States.  This  is  strikingly  the  case  with 
port.  Dr.  Henderson,  too,  has  remarked,  that 
some  of  the  wines  analyzed  by  Mr.  Brande  were 
mixed  with  a  considerable  quantity  of  adventi- 
tious alcohol.  Dr.  Henderson's  additions  and 
corrections  have  the  letter  11.  affixed. 

Proportion  op  Alcohol,  s.  g.  0'825,   in  oxe  hundred 

PARTS  BY  MEASURE  OF  THE   FOLLOWING  WiNES,  AND  JIaLT 

AND  Spirituous  Liquors. 

1.  Lissa 26-47 

Do 24-35 

Average,  (a)  25-41 

2.  Kaisin  Wine 2640 

Do 25-77 

Do 23-20 

Average,  25-12 

3.  Marsala 26-03 

Do 2505 

Average,  (6)  25-09 

4.  Port  —  average  of  six  kinds 23-48 

Do.  — hiijhcst 25-K3 

Do.  — lowest 21-40 

5.  Madeira 24-42 

Do 23-93 

Do.  (Sercial) 21-45 

Do 19-24 

Average,  2227 

6.  Currant  Wine 20-55 

7.  Sherry 19-81 

Do 19-83 

Do 18-79 

Do 18-25 

Average,  19-17 

8.  TenerifTe 19-''9 

9.  Colares 19-75 

10.  Lacrvma  Christi 19-70 

11.  Constantia— white 1975 

red (c)  18-92 

12.  Lisbon 18-94 

13.  Malaga 18-94 

14.  Buccilas 18-49 

15.  Red  .Madeira 22-.';0 

Do 18-40 

Average,  20-35 
10.  CapcSlusoat 18-25 

17.  Cape  Madeira 2'2-94 

Do. 20-50 

Do 18-11 

Average.  2051 

18.  Grape  Wine 1811 

19.  Calcavella 19-2>1 

Do 18-10 

Average,  18-65 

20.  Vidonia 1925 

21.  Alba  Flora l"-26 

(a)  15-90  U.        (6)  18-40  H.        (c)  14-50  H. 


WINE 


984 


WISBADEN 


22.  Malaga 1726 

23.  White  Hermitage 17-43 

•24.  Koussillon 1900 

Do 17-26 

Average,  18-13 

25.  Claret 17-11 

Do 16-32 

Do 14-08 

Do 12-91 

Average,  (d)  15-10 

26.  Malmsey  Madeira 16-40 

27.  Luuel 15-52 

28.  Scheraaz 15-52 

29.  Syracuse 15-28 

CO.  Sauterne 14-'22 

31.  Burgundy 16-60 

Do 15-22 

Do 14.53 

Do 11.95 

Average,  14-57 

32.  Hock 14-37 

Do 13-00 

Do.  (old  in  cask) 888 

Average,  12-08 

Rudesheimer  (1811) H.  10-72 

Do.  (1800) H.  12-22 

Average,  II.  11-47 
Johanni«berger H.    8-71 

33.  Nice 14-63 

34.  Bar.sac 1386 

3b.  Teut 13-30 

36.  Champagne  (still) 13-80 

Do.  (.sparkling) 1280 

Do.  (red) 12-56 

Do 11-30 

Average,  1261 

37.  Red  Hermitage 12-32 

38.  Via  de  Grave 13-94 

Do 12-80 

Average,  13-37 

39.  Frontignac 1279 

40.  Cote  Kotie 1232 

41.  Gooseberry  Wine 11-84 

42.  Orange  Wine  —  average  of  six  samples  made 

by  a  London  manufacturer 11-26 

43.  Tokay 9-88 

44.  Elder  Wine 9-87 

45.  Rhenish  Wine H.    871 

46.  Cider  —  highest  average 9-87 

Do.  lowest 5-21 

47.  Perry  —  average  of  four  samples 7-26 

48.  Mead 732 

49.  Ale  (Burton) 8-88 

Do.  (Edinburgh) 620 

Do.  (Dorchester 5-56 

Average,    6-87 

50.  Brown  Stout 6-80 

51.  London  Porter  —  average 4-20 

Do.     Small  Beer  — average 1-28 

5-2.  Brandy 53-39 

63.  Rum 53-68 

54.  Gin 51.60 

55.  Scotch  Whisky 64-32 

56.  Irish  do     63-90 

The  only  wine  recommended  in  some  pharma- 
copoeias is  Sherry,  Vinum,  V.  album  H ixjyaii,' icmn , 
y.  Xer'icum,  Leucoa'ttUH.  It  is  a  dry  wine;  the 
least  variable  in  its  properties,  and  agrees  best 
with  the  dyspeptic.  Other  wines  used  ofEeinally 
are — Canary  or  Sack  wine,  Vinum  Canari'num; 
Jlountuin  wine,  Vinum  album  monta'num ;  I'ent 
wine;  liheninh  wine,  Viuum  Rhena'num;  and 
Port  icine,   Vinum  rubrum  Portugal' licum. 

The  wines  habitually  drunk  are  almost  innu- 
merable. Those  that  are  sweet,  or  contain  a 
large  portion  of  free,  saccharine  matter,  are  de- 
cidedly the  least  wholesome  to  the  dyspeptic. 

When  wine  is  good,  and  of  a  proper  age,  it  is 
tonic  and  nutritive  ;  when  new,  flatulent  and  ca- 
thartic, disagreeing  with  the  stomach  and  bowels. 
In  medicine,  it  is  a  valuable  tonic  in  the  last 
stage  of  typhus,  when  the  skin  is  not  too  hot  and 
dry.  Its  use,  however,  requires  great  caution  ; 
and  when  once  commenced  under  proper  circum- 
stances, it  cannot  be  suddenly  dropped  without 
mischief.  It  is,  perhaps,  the  best  permanent 
stimulus  in  the  catalogue  of  the  materia  medica. 


(d)  12-91  H. 


Mulled  Wine  \a  made  as  follows  :  —  Take  of 
bruised  cinnamon  ^i  >  half  a  nutinnj  grated;  and 
ten  bruised  cloven.  Infuse  in  boiling  iialer  Oss 
for  an  hour;  strain  and  add  uuyar  ^j.  Pour  the 
whole  into  a  pint  of  hot  J'ort  or  Sherry.  Useful 
in  adynamic  conditions. 

Wine,  Aminaian,  Aminaeum  vinum. 

AViNE  OF  Aloes,  Vinum  aloes. 

Wine,  Antimonial,  Vinum  antimonii — w.  An- 
tiscorbutic, Vinum  antiscorbutieum  —  w.  Aro- 
matic, Vinum  aromaticum — w.  liark,  coni])ound, 
Vinum  de  kina  kina  compositum  —  w.  15arley, 
Cerevisia — w.  Bitter,  diuretic,  Vinum  diurclicum 
auKU'um. 

Wine  Bitters,  Vinum  gentia'ncB  compositum. 
The  formulae  for  these  may  be  various.  The  fol- 
lowing is  lis  good  and  as  agreeable  as  any.  (Had. 
gentian.  Ibj,  cort.  aurant.  ^x,  eem.  cardavi.  cent, 
^iv,  cinnam.  cort.  ^iv,  wine,  foreign  or  d(juiestic, 
three  gallons  and  a  half.)     Tonic  and  stomachic. 

Wine,  Cedah,  Cedrinum  vinum  —  w.  Cham- 
pagne, Vinum  campanum  —  w.  Chian,  Cbium 
vinum. 

Wine  of  Colchicum,  Vinum  colchici  —  w.  of 
Colehicum  seed,  Viuum  colchici  seminis  —  w.  of 
Ergot,  Viuum  ergotse — w.  of  Gentian,  compound, 
Vinum  gentianae  compositum  —  w.  of  Ileliebore, 
white,  Vinum  veratri. 

Wine,  Ipecacuanha,  Vinum  Ipecacuanhae. 

Wine  of  Iron,  Vinum  ferri. 

Wine,  Meuicatem,  Vinum  medicinale  —  w. 
Mulled,  see  Wine. 

Wine  of  Opium,  Vinum  opii. 

Wine,  Pout,  Vinum  Portugallicum — w.  Pullet, 
Poulet,  vin  de. 

Wine  of  Quinia,  Vinum  quinioe. 

Wi.NE,  Hhubarb,  Vinum  rhei — w.  Sherry,  Vi- 
num— w.  Steel,  Vinum  ferri — w.  Tobacco,  Vinum 
tabaci — w.  Tar,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 

Wine  Whey,  White  Wine  Whey,  {Vro\.)  Sack- 
whey.  Take  of  good  milk  two-thirds  of  a  pint, 
and  add  ivater  to  make  a  pint.  Take  of  sherry, 
or  any  other  good  white  wine,  two  glasses,  and 
o{  sugar  a  dessert-spoonful.  Place  the  milk  and 
water  in  a  deep  pan  on  the  fire;  and  the  moment 
it  boils,  pour  into  it  the  wine  and  sugar.  Stir 
assiduously  for  12  or  16  minutes,  whilst  it  boils. 
Lastly,  strain  through  a  sieve. 

It  is  a  good  mode  of  giving  wine  in  adynamic 
states. 

Wine,  White,  see  AVine. 

Wine  of  Wormwood,  Vinum  absinthites. 

WING-SEED,  Ptelea  trifoliata. 

WINKERS,  Cilia. 

WINKING,  Scardamygmus. 

WINTER'S  BARK  TREE,  Wintera  aromatica. 

WINTER  BERRY,  SMOOTH,  Prinos  hcvi- 
gatus  —  w.  Berry,  Virginia,  Prinos  —  w.  Berry, 
wborled,  Prinos. 

Winter  Bloom,  Hamamelis  Virginiana  —  w. 
Cough,  Bronchitis,  chronic — w.  Green,  Gaulthe- 
ria — w.  Green,  round-leaved,  Pyrola — w.  Green, 
spotted,  Pyrola  maculata. 

WINTERA,  see  Wintera  aromatica. 

Win'terA  AuOMAt'ica,  Drimys  Win'teri,  Win- 
tera'na  aromat'ica.  Winter's  bark  Tree  ;  Ord. 
Magnoliaceae.  The  bark,  Wintera  (Ph.  U.  S.), 
Cortex  Wintera'nua  seu  Winteranits  Magellan'- 
icus,  C.  Magellan' icus,  Cinnamo'mum  Magellan'- 
icum,  (F.)  Ecorce  de  Winter,  Caunelle  poivree,  is 
very  much  allied  in  its  properties  to  Canellaalba. 

AVINTERANA  AROM-A.TICA,  Wintera  aro- 
matica. 

AVIRTSPRINGS,  Hangnails. 
WISBADEN,    MINERAL     WATERS      OF. 
Wisbaden  is  a  town  of  Germany,  about  6  miles 


WISMUTIIUM 


985 


WORMS 


-north  of  Mainz,  and  22  west  of  Frankfort.  It  has 
been  long  celelirateU  for  its  hot  springs  ;  and  is 
much  fn-iiuented.  There  are  numerous  cold  and 
thermal  springs,— the  former  containing  sulplio- 
hydricacid;  the  latter  being  saline  and  acidu- 
lous. The  temperature  of  the  hot  springs  varies 
from  117°  to  160°  Fahr. 

WISMUTIIUM,  Bismuth. 

WITCH KN,  Sorbus  acui)aria. 

WITCIIIIAZEL,  Ilamamelis  Virginiana,  Sor- 
bus acuparia. 

WITCllMEAL,  Lycopodium. 

WITCIIWOOD,  Sorbus  acuparia, 

WIT  TEETH,  see  Dentition. 

WITTER,  Throat. 

WIZEN,  (Esophagus. 

WOAD,  Isatis  tinctoria. 

WOD,  Insane. 

WODNES,  Insanity,  Mania. 

WOLFBANE,  Veratrum  viride. 

WOLFSBANE,  Aconitum  —  w.  Wholesome, 
Aconituin  anthora. 

WOLFSCLAW,  Lycopodium. 

AVOLFSJAW,  see  Harelip. 

WOMAN,  pi.  women,  Gi/iie,  (F.)  Femme,  Sax. 
pipman,  '  wifeman,'  '  woofman.'  The  adult  fe- 
male of  the  human  race. 

WOMANHOOD,  Mulieritas. 

WOMB,  Uterus— w.  Falling  down  of  the.  Pro- 
lapsus uteri. 

Womb  Gkain,  Ergot. 

Womb,  Laceration  of  the.  Uterus,  rupture 
of  the — w.  Tympany  of  the,  I'hysometra. 

WONGE,  Cheek. 

WOOD,  BRAZIL,  Caesalpinia  echinata  —  w. 
Elk,  Andromeda  arborea  —  w.  Pernambuco,  Cae- 
salpinia echinata. 

Wood-lice,  Onisci  aselli. 

WooD-MAUCH,  Sanicle. 

Wood,  Nicaragua,  see  Cajsalpinia — w.  Peach, 
see  Cwsalpinia  —  w.  Pernambuco,  Ca'salpinia 
echinata  —  w.  Sampfen,  Caesalpinia  sappan  —  w. 
Sappan,  Caesalpinia  sappan. 

Wood  Sorrel,  Oxalis  acetosella. 

Woon,  Sour,  Andromeda  arborea — w.  Waxen, 
Genista  tinctoria. 

WOODWEX,  Genista  tinctoria. 

WOODBINE,  COMMON,  Lonicera  periclyme- 
num. 

WOODROOF,  SWEET-SCENTED,  Asperula 
odorata. 

WOODS,  SUDORIF'IC,  (F.)  Bois  sudoHJiqnes. 
This  term  is  applied,  collectively,  to  guaiacum, 
sassafras,  china,  and  sarsaparilla,  which  are  often 
used  together  to  form  the  sudorific  decoction. 

WOO RALI,  Curare. 

WOORARA,  Curare. 

WORM,  see  Alembic,  Vermiform  process  —  w. 
Bark  tree,  Geoffraa  inermis — w.  Cakes,  Story's, 
see  Cakes,  worm.  Story's  —  w.  Disease,  Helmin- 
thiasis—  w.  Goosefoot,  Chenopodium  anthelinin- 
tieuin  —  w.  Grass,  perennial,  Spigelia  Marilan- 
dica. 

Worm,  Guinea,  Dracunculus. 

Worm  Loz'kncks,  Ching's.  Empirical  prepa- 
rations, which  consist  of  yellow  and  brown  lo- 
7.en"es.  The  former  are  directed  to  be  taken  in 
the'evening;  the  latter  on  the  following  morning. 
The  Yellow  Loietiijcs.  (.S'«/;v>H,  *ss,  ira^e;-,  Oj  ; 
boil  and  strain;  and  add  of  white  panacea  «/ 
vier'cnri/.  (calomel  washed  in  spirit  of  wine,)  Ibj, 
nliile  (.ic/'K-,  28  tbs,  muciUnje  of  gnm  trayacauth 
u    s.  to  make  a  mass.     Divide,  so   that  each  lo- 


zenge may  contain  a  grain  of  the  panacea.)  The 
/Irown  Lozenijen.  (  Panacea  ,^vij,  renin  of  jalap 
Ibiijss,  white  sugar  tbix,  vincilaye  of  gum  tragacj 
q.  s.  Each  lozenge  to  contain  gr.  ss  of  the  pa- 
nacea.) , 

Worm  Lozenges,  Sherman's,  are  said  to  be 
composed  of  calomel,  gamboge,  and  nugar. 

Peterna  Worm  Lozenges  are  said  to  be  com- 
posed in  a  similar  manner. 

Worm  Root,  Spigelia  Marilandica  —  w.  Seed, 
Artemisia  santonica,  Chenopodium  anthelminti- 
cum — w.  Seed,  goosefoot,  Chenopodium  anthel- 
minticum  —  w.  Weed,  Corsican,  Corallina  Corsi- 
cana,  Polanisia  graveolens — w.  Weed,  white,  Co- 
rallina— w.  Wood,  biennial,  Artemisia  biennis  — 
w.  Wood,  Canada,  Artemisia  canadensis  —  w. 
Wood,  common,  Artemisia  absinthium — w.  Wood, 
creeping,  Artemisia  rupestris  —  w.  Wood,  lesser, 
Artemisia  Pontiea  —  w.  Wood,  Roman,  Artemisia 
Pontica — w.  Wood,  sea,  Artemisia  maritima — w. 
Wood,  silky,  Artemisia  glacialis. 

WORMIA'NA  OSSA  sen  OSSIC'ULA,  0. 
epacta'litt  seu  raphogeniinun'tia  seu  tri(/'uetra  sen 
triangnla'ria  lila'sii  seu  siitiira'nim,  Clares  cal- 
va'riae,  Wormian  bones,  (F.)  Os  Worntiens  ou 
epactaux  ou  surnitmSraires  (Ch.),  ou  inlercales 
ou  triangnlaires  ou  Clefs  du  crane.  Small  bones, 
which  are  sometimes  observable  in  the  sutures  of 
the  bones  of  the  cranium,  of  which  they  form  a 
part.  They  were  called  Wormiaua,  from  Olaus 
Wormius,  who  is  said  to  have  iirst  described 
them.  They  had  been  previously,  however,  men- 
tioned by  G.  Andcrnacli,a  physician  at  Strasburg. 
The  Ossa  Wormiana  exist  more  commonly  in  the 
sutures  of  the  vault  of  the  skull;  especially  in  the 
lambdoidal,  sagittal,  and  squamous.  They  are 
uncommon  at  the  base  of  the  skull.  Their  size 
is  very  variable,  and  shape  irregular.  Their 
structure  and  development  are  similar  to  those  of 
the  other  bones  of  the  cranium;  and,  like  them, 
they  are  bounded  by  sutures. 

WORMIT,  Artemisia  absinthium. 

WORMS,  originally  from  (L.)  Vermes;  (F.) 
Vers;  Entozo'a,  Entozoa' ria,  Enterozo'a,  Endo- 
zo'a,  Entelntinth'a,  Enthehnin'thes,  Hclinin'lhi, 
Entoparasites,  (F.)  Entozoairea.  Animals  whose 
common  character  is  that  of  existing  only  in 
other  animals  ;  hence  their  name  entozoa,  from 
tvTos,  '  within,'  and  fwov,  '  animal.'  They  are  met 
with,  not  only  in  the  natural  cavities,  but  even 
in  the  tissue  of  the  organs,  but  chiefly  in  the 
intestines —  Vermes  intesti'ni,  Hehnin'thia  alvi 
seupod'icis,  Splnnchuelnn'jtth' ia,  lutes' tinal  worms, 
(F.)  Vers  intestinanx,  Angibromelminthie.  Piorry, 
Cuvier,  Rudolphi,  Brera,  Bremser,  Laennee,  and 
others,  have  endeavoured  to  classify  them, — ■ 
some  according  to  their  shape;  others,  according 
to  their  anatomical  characters. 

The  following  table  exhibits  most  of  the  entozoa 
which  have  been  met  with  in  the  human  body, 
and  their  usual  habitats  :  — 


Entozoa. 

Trichoeeph'alus  dispar, 
Oxyu'ris  vermicula'ris, 
As'caris  ala'ta, 
As'caris  lumbrico'i'des, 
Ancyclos'toma  duodenale, 
Bothrioceph'alus  latus, 
Tie'nia  so'lium, 
Pentas'toma  constric'tum, 
Tse'nia  nana, 

Distoma  haemato'bium, 

Ditrachyc'eras  rudis,  (?) 
Diploso'ma  crena'ta, 
Spirop'tera  hom'inis, 
Dactyl'ius  aculea'tus, 


Where  found. 


■  Intestines. 


[        "       and  Liver. 

j  Intestines  and  Ve- 
J       na  porta. 
Intestines. 

\  Urinary  bladder. 


WORSUM 


986 


WRYNECK 


Dis'toma  hepat'icum, 
Dis'tonia  lanceolii'tum, 
Stron'^ylus  gigas,  ) 

Tetras'toiua  reiia'le,  J 

Fila'ria  oc'uli, 
Monos'toina  lentis, 

Distoma  oc'uli  huma'ni,         [ 

Acepbalocyst'is  endog"ena, 

Echinococ'cus  hom'inis,         [ 

Polys'toma  pinguic'ola,  1 

Ilexathyrid'ium  pinguic'ola  j 
Pulys'toina     vena'rum    seu 

sanguic'ola, 
Hexathyrid'ium  vena'rum, 
Fila'ria  bronchia'lis, 
Trichi'na  spira'lis,  | 

Cysticer'cus  cellulo'sae,  J 

Acephalocyst'is  niultif  ida, 
Fila'ria  medinen'sis, 


Gall  bladder. 
Hepatic  duct. 

Kidney. 

Eye. 

Crystalline. 

Capsule  of  crystal- 
line. 

Liver. 

Liver,  Spleen,  and 
Omentum. 

Ovary^. 

Veins. 

Bronchial  glands. 

Muscles. 

Brain. 

Areolar  texture. 


The  most  common  of  these  are  :  — the  Oxyuris 
vermicularis,  Asearis  lumbricoides,  and  Taenia, 
which  are  found  in  the  intestines.  The  origin  of 
these  worms  is  extremely  singular,  and  more  fa- 
vourable than  any  other  fact  to  the  hypothesis 
of  spontaneous  generation  in  the  lowest  tribes  of 
animated  nature.  They  are  certainly  not  identi- 
cal with  any  worms  out  of  the  body.  They  are 
most  commonly  met  with  in  children  improperly 
fed;  but  their  presence  cannot  be  positively  de- 
tected by  any  symptoms,  except  that  of  the  dis- 
charge of  the  worms  themselves  in  the  evacua- 
tions. They  may,  of  course,  give  rise  to  every 
kind  of  irritation  in  the  intestinal  tube,  and  to 
sympathetic  disturbance  in  most  of  the  functions; 
but  all  these  signs  may  be  produced  by  intestinal 
irritation  resulting  from  other  causes. 

Aiitlieliiiliiti'cs  or  vermiftiijen,  employed,  as  the 
name  imports,  for  their  removal,  may  be  of  two 
kinds — mechanicdl  and  true.  To  the  first  class — 
the  mechanical — belong  Emetics,  Purgatives,  3[u- 
ciinn,jmiBdered  Tin,  <tc.  To  the  latter — the  true 
anthelmintics, —  7'urpentine,  Chenopodiiim  anthel- 
viinticum,  Pink-root,  Semina  Stiiitonici,  &c.  Of 
these,  the  best  is  turpentine.  See  Oleum  tere- 
binthinae.  The  great  object,  however,  is  to  pre- 
vent their  generation.  This  must  be  done  by 
generous  diet,  fresh  air,  and  tonics,  where  neces- 
sary. 

Worms,  Acne  punctata. 

WORSUM,  Pus. 

WORT,  Sax.  pypt,  Mustiim,  Infu'sum  Bynea 
seu  Bra'sii  seu  llidti,  (F.)  Moiit  de  la  liif->-e.  An 
infusion  of  salt.  This  has  been  recommended  in 
scurvy.  One  measure  of  ground  malt  is  added  to 
three  equal  measures  of  boiling  water.  The  mix- 
ture must  be  well  stirred,  and  left  to  stand 
covered  three  or  four  hours.  Dose,  one  to  four 
pints,  daily.  It  has,  also,  been  recommended  in 
other  cases,  where  a  strong  putrescent  disposition 


appeared  to  prevail  in  the  fluids,  ns  in  cancerous 
and  phagedenic  ulcers.     It  is  not  now  employed. 
WORTWALE,  Hangnail. 
WOSEN,  Trachea. 

WOUND,  Sax.  punts,  Vidnxis,  Volnus,  (diminu- 
tive Vulniis'culum),  Platja,  Trauma,  Traina,  Trisif, 
Tresis  Vuhius,  Blabe,  Ti/mma,  (F.)  Plaie,  Bles- 
sure.  A  solution  of  continuity  in  the  solt  parts, 
produced  by  some  mechanical  agent.  Wounds 
present  innumerable  dificrences,  ns  regards  their 
situation;  the  parts  interested;  their  direction; 
size;  shape;  the  nature  of  the  instrument  or 
agent  by  which  they  are  produced  ;  their  moro 
or  less  simple  or  complex  character,  duration,  &c. 
A  wound  is  called  incised,  (F.)  Coupnre,  Incision, 
when  made  by  a  cutting  instrument ; — punctured, 
^Ui/'""}  (F-)  Piqnre,  when  made  by  a  pointed 
instrument;  —  lacerated,  (F.)  Dechirure,  Plaie 
par  arrachement,  when  the  parts  are  lacerated 
or  torn  by  the  wounded  body  ;  poisoned,  Velln- 
li'tis  venena'ta,  Necu'sia,  (F.)  Plaie  envenimie, 
when  some  virulent  or  venomous  substiince  has 
been  introduced; — and  contused,  (F.)  Plaie  con- 
tuse, when' produced  by  a  blunt  body.  Gunshot 
wounds,  Sclopetopla'gcB,  Vul'nera  sclopeta'ria  seu 
a  sclope'tis,  (F.)  Plaies  d'armes  d  feu  ou  d'arque- 
husade  ou  d'arquehuse,  Coup  de  feu,  belong  to  the 
last  division. 

WOURALI,  Curare. 

WOURARI,  Curare. 

AVOURARU,  Curare. 

WOURSUM,  Pus. 

WRACK,  SEA,  Fucus  vesiculosus  —  w.  Blad- 
der, yellow,  Fucus  vesiculosus. 

AVRAMP,  Sprain. 

AVRAPPING  UP,  (of  the  hydropathists,) 
Emaillottiiye, 

WRATACK,  Nanus. 

AVRENCII,  Sprain. 

AVRET,  Verruca. 

AA'RETAVEED,  Euphorbia  palustris. 

WRIGHTIA  ANTIDYSENTERICA,  Nerium 
antidysentericum. 

AVRINKLE,  Sax.  rpmcle,  Rugn,  Rytie,  Rha- 
CVS,  Rhachns,  Rhagtis,  Rhysse'ma,  Oorruga'tio  cu- 
tis, Ruelles,  (Sc.)  Runkle,  Runkill,  (Prov.)  Crin- 
kle-cranhle,  (F.)  Ride.  A  furrow  or  fold  in  the 
i  skin  of  the  face,  forehead,  vagina,  &c.  See  Cor- 
rugation. 

AVRINKLED,  Rugo'sus,  Rugoua,  Rugose,  (F.) 
Ride.     Full  of  wrinkles. 

AVRIST,  Carpus. 

AVRIST-DROP.  Paralysis  of  the  muscles  of 
the  forearm,  induced  by  the  poison  of  lead. 

WRITERS'  SPASM,  see  Spasm,  writers'. 

AVURALI,  Curare. 
WURSTGIFT,  Allantotoxicum. 

AVRONG  HEIR,  Cancellus. 

WRYNECK,  Torticollis. 


X  LEG 


987 


XIPHOPAGES 


X. 


X  LEG,  Etitogonyancon. 
XALAPPA,  Convolvulus  jalapa. 
XANTIIIC  OXFDE,  Uric  oxide. 
XANTlir.VE,  Uric  oxide. 

XAN'TIHUM,  A'.  Sirnma'rhtm  seu  Orienta'le 
seu  Viilyii're,  linrdit' na  minor,  Lappa  minor,  Les- 
ser Burdock,  Biirweed,  liarthiatle,  Clutbnr,  Coc/cle- 
bnr,{F.)  Laniponrde,  Petit  Gloitteron,  Petite  Bar- 
daiie,  from  ^uv%i,  'j'cllow,'  because  of  the  colour 
the  plant  is  said  to  yield.  This  herb,  as  one  of 
its  names  imports,  was  once  esteemed  for  the  cure 
of  scrofula.  The  seeds  have  been  aduiiniitered 
in  cutaneous  affections. 

XANTIIIURIA,  Xanthuria. 
XANTHOP'SIA,   from    ^avOo;,    'yellow,'   and 
oil'if.  'vision.'      Yellow    vision,  —  as    sometimes 
occurs  in  jaundice. 

XANTJIORllIirZA,  i^avSo;,  'yellow,'  and  pi^a, 
'root.')     Xanthorrhiza  npiifolia. 

XANTlloititlli'zA  Apiifo'lia,  Xautliorrhiza,  X. 
simplicin'iiinia  seu  Murlio'ica,  Zauthorrhiza  linc- 
td'ria,  Yellow  fioot,  Parnley-leaved  Yellow  Root, 
Yellow  wort.  Shrub  yellow  root.  The  root  of 
this  American  plant — Xanthorrhiza,  (Ph.  U.  S.) 
— is  a  strong  and  pleasant  bitter;  and,  in  the 
dose  of  two  scruples,  sits  easy  upon  the  stomach. 
XANTHOIIRIICE'A,  Grass  Tree.  A  genus  of 
trees  in  Australia,  Nat.  Order,  Liliaceas,  of  which 
there  are  several  species.  Two  resins  are  ob- 
tained from  them  ; — one  the  yellow  resin  of  Xan- 
thorrluea  or  of  New  Holland,  liesi'na  lu'tea  Xovi 
Bebjii,  Botany  Bay  resin,  Ac'aroid  resin  or  gum, 
resi'na  vel  gummi  acaroi'des,  which  probably  re- 
sembles tolu  and  storax  in  medicinal  properties  ; 
— the  other  the  red  resin  of  Xauthorrhwa,  black- 
hoy  gum, 

XANTHOS,  Yellow. 

XANTIIO'SLS.  A  term  applied  to  the  yellow 
discolouration  often  observed  in  cancerous  tu- 
mours —  especially  in  encephaloid  of  the  testicle. 
—  Lebert. 

XANTHOX'YLUM  FRAXIN'EUM,  (I'a^Qof, 
'yellow,' and  ^v\ov,  'wood.')  X,  ainerica'niim,  X, 
fraxinifo'lium,  X.  rami/lo'rnm,  X.  tricar'piim, 
Prickly  ash,  Shrtibby  prickly  ash,  Toothache  bush, 
Toothache  tree,  Pell'itory,  Yelloio  wood,  Snter- 
herry,  Ord.  Xiinthoxylaceas.  A  spirituous  in- 
fusion of  the  bark  —  Xanthox'ylnm — Ph.  U.  S. — 
has  been  highly  recommended  in  cases  of  vio- 
lent colic.  The  fresh  juice,  expressed  from  the 
root  of  xanthoxylum,  is  said  to  afford  relief  in 
the  dry  bellyache  of  the  West  Indies.  A  decoc- 
tion of  the  bark  is  sometimes  used  as  a  wash  to 
foul  ulcers. 

XANTHOXYLirjr  Caholia'num  has  similar  pro- 
perties; but  is  more  acrid. 

Xanthoxvliim  Clava  IIehculis  of  the  West 
Indies,  (P.)  Clavalier  A  feuilles  de  frene,  Frene 
fpineux  is  a  very  strong  stimulant,  and  powerful 
siiilogogue:  and  has  been  given  internally  in 
rheumatism. 

XANrH()XVLiT>f  Octandra,  Fagara  octandra. 
XANTIIU'RIA,  A'oi^AiM'n'd,  from  fmflof,  'yel- 
low,' and  ovpov,  '  urine.'     A  condition  of  the  sys- 
tem and  of  the  urine,  in  which  xanthic  oxide  is 
deposited  from  the  urine. 
XANTICA,  Carminatives. 
XANTOLINA,  Artemi.-ia  santonica. 
XEXODOCEUM,  Hospital. 


XENODOCHEUM,  HospitaL 

XERANSIS,  Aref^iction,  Drying. 

XERANTIA,  Siccantia. 

XERA'SIA.  Same  etymon  ;  from  ^ripos,  'dry.' 
A  disease  of  the  hairs,  which  become  dry,  cease 
to  grow,  and  resemble  down  covered  with  dust. — 
Galen. 

XERION,  Catapasma. 

XEROCOLLYR'IUM,  from  ^r,pog,  'dry,'  and 
Ko^Xovpwv,  '  a  collyrium  ;'  Cullyr'ium  siccum,  A 
dry  collyrium. 

XERODER'MA,  from  ^npa,  '  dry,'  and  ^tp;i«. 
'skin.'  Diminution  of  secretion  of  the  sebaceous 
glands. 

XEROMA,  Xeropththalraia  —  x.  Conjunctival, 
Xerophthalmia — x.  Lachrymal,  Xerophthalmia. 

Xeuoma,  Lachrtmal.  Suppression  of  the 
lachrymal  secretion.     See  Xerophthalmia. 

XEROMYCTER,  Xeromycteria. 

XEROMYCTE'RIA,  Xeromycter,  from  ^npo;, 
'  dry,' and  jjvkttip,  'the  nose.'  Dryness  of  the 
nose. 

XEROMY'RON,  Unguen'tum  siccum ;  from 
^ijpof,  'dry,'  and  yiupov,  'an  ointment.'  A  dry 
ointment.  —  Gorraeus. 

XEROPHA'GIA,  from  |/)pos,  'dry,'  and  ,payu>, 
'I  eat.'  Excessive  use  of  dry  aliment.  A  kind 
of  regimen  to  which  the  ancient  athletiB  subjected 
themselves,  with  the  view  of  increasing  their 
strength. 

X¥,V.OV\\l:llM,'mh,Ophthal'mia  sicca, Oph- 
thalmoxero'sis,  Xero'ma,  from  ^npos,  'dry,'  an(l 
o'pBaXfjita,  'inflammation  of  the  eye.'  An  infliim- 
mation  of  the  eye,  without  discharge.  The  term 
— as  well  ns  Con/unctl'nd  and  Lach' rymal  Xero'- 
ma, and  Cutic'ular  Conjuncti'va — hiis  been  given 
to  cases  in  which  the  conjunctiva  is  so  changed, 
that  it  presents  more  of  the  characters  of  skin 
than  of  mucous  membrane.  It  is  incapable  of 
radicnl  cure.     Also,  lippitudo. 

XEROTRTBTA,  see  Friction. 

XEKOTKIPSIS,  Friction,  dry. 

XIPIIISTKUXUM,  Xiphoid. 

XIPHODES,  Xiphoid. 

XIPHODYMUS,  Thoraco-gastrodidymus. 

XIPHOID,  Xiphoi'des.  Xipho'des  Ensifor'. 
mis,  from  fi0of,  'a  sword,'  and  £«5of,  'shape;' 
Curtila'go  Xi pho'ides  seu  Xipho'idca  seu  Scuta'lis 
seu  Ensiformis  seu  Pelta'lis  seu  Pelta'tus,  Fur- 
cel'la  infe'rior,  Mucrona'tnm  os,  Jfitcrona'ta  Car- 
tila'qo,  Uhondros,  Processus  xiphosternn'lis  seu  li- 
pho'ides  seu  sterni  .rip/ho'ideus,  Xiphisteruum,  £n'- 
siform  car'tilage,  (F.)  Appendice  ou  cartilage  xi- 
pho'ide,  C.  Jfucrone,  Appendice  sous-sternale,  Pa- 
lette. The  name  of  the  appendix  which  termi- 
nates the  sternum  beneath  ;  and  which  is  so  called 
from  some  resemblance  to  a  sword. 

Xiphoid  Lig'ament,  Costo-xyphoid  L,  (F.) 
Ligament  xipho'idicn  ou  costo-xi pho'idien,  is  a 
small,  very  thin,  ligamentous  fasciculus,  which 
passes  from  the  cartilage  of  prolongation  of  the 
7th  rib  to  the  anterior  surface  of  the  xiphoid  car- 
tilage, into  which  it  is  inserted  by  its  fibres  de- 
cussating with  those  of  the  opposite  ligament. 

XIPHOPA'GES,   Did'ymus   Syniphyo-epigas'- 

trius  ;  from  ^iipoi,  'a  sword,'  and  T;Tjyvviii,  'I  fix.' 

A  monstrosity,  in  which   twins  are  united  by  the 

I  epigastrium,  as  in  the  case  of  the  Siamese  twins. 


XYLO-ALOES 


988 


Y-WER-A 


XYLO-ALOES,  Agalloehum  —  x.  Balsaniuiu, 
see  Aiuyris  opobalsamuiu  —  x.  Cassia,  Laurus 
cassia  —  x.  Ciunainoiuum,  Laurus  cinnamomuiu. 

XYLITM,  Gossipiura. 

XYMPATIIIA,  Sympathy. 

XYRIS,  Iris  foetidissiiua. 

Xyius  Biilbo'sa,  X  Iii'dica  seu  Cnrolinia'nn, 
Yellow-ei/ed  GronH  ;  indigenous  ;  Order,  XyriJa- 
ceic;  fluwering  from  July  to  September.  Tiie 
roots  and  leaves  are  said  to  be  used  by  the  Hia- 


doos  in  lepra,  and  chronic  cutaneous  diseases  in 
general. 

XYRUM,  Novacula. 

XYIIUS,  Novacula. 

XYSMA,  Linteuui,  Rasura,  Scobs. 

XYSMOS,  Rasuni. 

XYSTER,  Raspatorium. 

XYSTOS,  Linteum. 

XYSTRUM,  Raspatorium— X.  Ophthalniicum, 
Ophthalmoxyster. 


Y. 


YAM.  This  esculent  root  is  principally  ob- 
tained from  three  species  of  Bianco' rea, — nla'tn 
hidhif'ern,  awdi  sal i' vn .  They  grow  spontaneously 
in  both  the  Indies,  and  their  roots  are  eaten  pro- 
miscuously, as  the  potato  is  with  us.  Their  taste 
is  somewhat  like  that  of  the  potato. 

YAM  ROOT,  WILD,  Dioscorea  villosa. 

YARD,  Penis. 

YARROW,  COMMON,  Achillea  millefolium. 

YAUPON,  Ilex  vomitoria. 

YAVA  SKIN,  Elephantiasis  Arabura. 

YAWNING,  from  Sax.  jeonan,  Clinniiie,  Clim- 
mun,  Hia'liiK,  Oxce'do,  Oxcita'tio,  C/oniin  paiidicii- 
hi'tiij  maxilla'rum,  Gnpiiig,  (F.)  BaiUemeitt. 
Yawning  consists  of  a  deep  inspiration,  with  con- 
siderable separation  of  the  jaws,  executed  slowly 
and  in  an  involuntary  manner,  and  followed  by 
a  prolonged  and  more  or  less  sonorous  expiration. 
This  respiratory  movement  is  preceded  by  a  feel- 
ing of  opjiression  in  the  epigastric  region,  and  in 
the  muscles  of  respiration  and  mastication. 
Yawning  has  been  conceived  to  be  owing  to  tor- 
por in  the  pulmonary  circulation  ;  the  causes  pro- 
ducing it  being  commonly  ennui,  fatigue,  sleepi- 
ness, monotonous  sounds,  hunger,  sympathy,  &c. 
Yawning  often  precedes  the  invasion  of  certain 
intermittents,  attacks  of  hysteria,  <fcc.,  and  it  may, 
by  its  frequency,  and  obstinacy,  become  a  true 
disease. 

YAW  ROOT,  Stillingia. 

YAWS,  Framboesia. 

YKAST,  Yest  —  y.  Plant,  Torula  cerevisiae. 

YEBLE,  Sambucus  ebulus. 

YELK,  see  Ovum. 

YELLOW,  Flavns,  Lu'teiis,  Xnntlius,  from  past 
participle  of  Sax.  seselan.  Ho  burn.'  One  of  the 
seven  primitive  colours. 

Yellow  Ash,  Cladrastis  tinetoria — y.  Berry, 
Podophyllum  montiuuim  —  y.  Fever,  see  Fever, 
yellow  —  y.  Fever,  mild,  see  Relapse — y.  Jack, 
Fever,  yellow. 

Ykllow  Lig'amknts,  (F.)  Lir/nwenU  jannes, 
occupy  the  spaces  between  the  vertebral  phttes, 
from  tlie  interval,  which  separates  the  second 
vertebra  from  the  third,  to  that  which  separates 
the  last  vertebra  from  the  sacrum.  They  are  so 
called  in  consequence  of  their  colour. 

Yklf.ow  Paint,  Hydrastis  Canadensis — y. 
Root,  Jeffersonia  Bartoni  —  y.  Root,  parsley- 
leaved,  Xanthorrhiza  apiifolia  —  y.  Root,  shrub, 
Xanthorrbiza  apiifolia. 


Yellow  Spring,  see  Ohio,  Mineral  waters  of. 

Yellow  Springs.  These  are  in  Chester  coun- 
ty, Pennsylvania.  The  temperature  of  the  chief 
spring  is  53°  i"ahr.  The  water  contains  no  im- 
pregnation. 

Yellow  Star,  Helenium  autumnale — y.  AVeed, 
Ranunculus  acris — y.  Wood,  Xanthoxylum  fraxi- 
neum — y.  Wort,  Parsley-leaved,  Xanthorrhiza 
apiifolia. 

YELLOWS,  Cypripedium  luteum.  Icterus,  Ra- 
nunculus acris. 

YERBA  DEL  SOLD  ADA,  Matico  — y.  de 
HiKira,  Datura  sanguinea. 

YEST,  Yeaiit,  Sax.  sepr,  from  y^t,  '  a  storm,' 
yfcis,  'stormy;'  Vercvix'ia  Fermen'tum,  Spuma, 
Cerevia'iat,  Barm,  (F.)  Levure,  Levxire  de  la  Biere. 
The  scum  which  collects  on  the  surface  of  beer 
whilst  fermenting.  Yest  is  antiseptic  and  tonic. 
It  has  been  inucli  extolled  in  putrid  fevers,  —  a 
table-spoonful  being  given  as  a  dose,  in  porter, 
wine,  (fee.  It  is,  also,  applied  in  the  form  of  ca- 
taplasm, to  foul  ulcers.  In  all  these  cases,  it  acts 
by  virtue  of  the  generation  of  carbonic  acid  gas. 

YEUX  ARDENS,  Ardent  eyes  — y.  d'Ecre- 
vinKe,  Cancrorum  chela?. 

YEW  TREE,  Taxus  baccata  —  y.  American, 
Taxus  Canadensis. 

YLECH,  Ilech. 

YLIATER,  Ilech. 

YOKE,  Singultus. 

YOLK,  see  Ovum,  and  Vesicula  umbilicalis — y. 
Membrane,  see  Yesicula  umbilicalis. 

YORK  SPRINGS.  These  are  in  Adams  coun- 
ty, Pennsylvania.  One  of  them  is  a  saline,  con- 
taining sulphates  of  magnesia  and  lime,  and 
chloride  of  sodium,  and  is  a  mild  cathartic  and 
diuretic  ;  —  the  other  is  a  strong  chalybeate. 

YOUK,  Itching,  Psora. 

YOUTH,  Adolescence. 

YOPON,  Ilex  vomitoria. 

YPSELOGLOSSUS,  Basioglossus. 

YRIDES,  Orpiment. 

YSAM'BRA,  Pedii/nm'hra,  An  ancient  Spa- 
nish poison,  of  which  hellebore  formed  the  great- 
est part. 

YUCCA,  Jatropha  manihot. 

Yucca  Filamento'sa,  Bear'ngrano,  Sni:  (jrang  ; 
indigenous.  A  tincture  of  the  root  Las  been 
used  in  gonorrhoea. 

YUKE,  Itching.  Psora. 

Y-WER-A,  see  Spirit. 


ZACCIIARUM 


989 


ZIXCI  CHLORIDUM 


z. 


ZACCIIARUM,  Saccharum. 
ZAEL,  Borosail. 
ZAFFKAN,  Crocus. 
ZAFFRE,  Smalt. 
ZAM150,  sec  Mulatto. 

ZAMIA  INTEGRIFOLIA,  see  Arrowroot— z. 
Pumila,  see  Arrowroot. 

ZANNA.  A  kind  of  Armenian  bole,  used  by 
the  ancients  as  a  desiccative.  It  was  also  called 
ZariKuhn. 

ZANTIIORRHIZA  APIIFOLIA,  Xanthor- 
rhiza  apiitblia. 

ZANTIIOXYLUM,  Xanthoxylum. 

ZAPANIA  NODIFLORA,  Anacoluppa. 

ZARNACIIA,  Zanna. 

ZARSA,  Smilax  sarsaparilla. 

ZARZAPARILLA,  Smilax  sarsaparilla. 

ZEA  MAYS,  Z.  vuhju're,  Mays,  M.  zea  seu 
Anierica'na,  Ador,  Indian  Corn,  Corn,  Turkey  or 
Indian  Whent,  3faize,  Jl<ii/z,  (F.)  Mais,  Graine  de 
Tarqiiie,  Ble  d'Inde  ou  d' Espat/ne  ou  d'ltnlie  ou 
de  Ttirquie.  Ord.  Gramineae.  A  native  of  Ame- 
rica, and  much  used  over  the  whole  of  the  con- 
tinent as  an  article  of  diet.  It  is  ground  for  the 
same  purposes  as  wheat,  and  forms  an  excellent 
bread. 

fto  or  Jtta,  was  the  ancient  name  of  a  sort  of 
corn. 

ZEDOAIRE  BOND,  Ksempferia  rotunda. 

ZEUOARIA,  Ksempferia  rotunda  —  z.  Longa, 
see  Ka'inpferia  —  z.  Rotunda,  see  Kaempferia. 

ZEDOARY,  Ksempferia  rotunda. 

ZELOSIS,  Zelotypia. 

ZELOTYP'IA,  from  ^^7X0?,  Move,'  and  ruiroj, 
'form,' '  model ;'  Zelu'sis.  It  has  been  proposed 
to  apply  this  name  to  the  violent  mental  atfeotion 
produced  by  the  acknowledged  or  presumed  infi- 
delity of  a  beloved  object ;  and  to  the  conse- 
quences of  such  affection  ;  —  melancholy,  mania, 

ZEMA,  Decoction. 

ZEN'ICON,  ^tviKov.  Ancient  name  of  a  KeUic 
poison,  used  for  poisoning  arrows. 

ZEOCRITON  DISTICHUM,  Hordeum  disti- 
ch on. 

ZEPHACH,  Peritonaeum. 

ZERMA,  Zerna. 

ZERNA,  Zerma.  Amongst  the  barbarous  La- 
tin writers  it  signified  ulcerated  impetigo,  Impe- 
ti'go  ulcera'ta. 

ZERUMBET,  Cassumuniar. 

ZESIS,  Effervescence,  Decoction. 

ZEST,  see  Citrus  medica. 

ZESTOLUSIA,  Bath,  hot. 

ZIBEBiE,  see  Vitis  vinifera. 

ZIBETIIUM,  Civetta. 

ZIGNITES,  Zingrites. 

KINC,  Zincuin,  ZinJcum,  Speltrum,  Speauter, 
Tutenay,  Zinchiim,  Zint,  Stanntim  In'dicum.  Per- 
haps formed  etymologicnlly  from  (G.)  Zin,  'Tin.' 
A  metal  obtained  from  calamine  and  blende.  Its 
colour  is  bluish-white  :  lustre  of  the  fresh  surface 
considerable,  but  soon  dulled,  from  the  facility 
with  wliich  it  oxidates:  hard;  texture  striated. 
S.  g.  7'1""^-  Melts  at  700°  Fah.,  burns  with  a 
bright  Uamo  in  a  higher  temperature,  and  is  vo- 


latilized in  the  form  of  a  white,  floeculent  oxyd. 
Its  use,  in  medicine,  is  in  the  formation  of  the 
following  preparations. 

ZINC,  ACETATE  DE,  Zinci  acetas— z.  But- 
ter of,  Zinci  chloridum  —  z.  Chloride  of,  Zinci 
chloridum  —  2.  Chlornre  de,  Zinci  chloridum  —  z. 
Cyamire  de,  Zinci  cyanuretum  —  z.  Ferrohydro- 
cyanate  of,  Zinci  cyanuretum  —  z.  i'lowers  of, 
Zinci  oxydum  —  z.  Hydrocyanate  of,  Zinci  cya- 
nuretum—  z.  Iodide  of,  Zinci  lodidum — z.  lodu- 
ret  of,  Zinci  lodidum. 

Zinc  and  Morph'ia,  Double  I'odide  of,  (F.) 
lodure  double  de  Zinc  et  de  Morphine.  This  salt 
is  prepared  by  boiling  iodide  of  iodhydrate  of 
morphia  with  wafer  and  zinc,  after  tliey  have 
acted  on  each  other  for  some  days;  filtering  and 
crystallizing.  It  is  considered  to  combine  the 
properties  of  morphia  and  the  salts  of  zinc,  and 
has  been  proscribed  as  an  anodyne  and  antispas- 
modic.    Dose,  a  quarter  of  a  grain. 

ZINC,  OXIDE  DE,  Zinci  oxydum  —  z.  Oxyd 
of,  Zinci  oxydum. 

Zinc  and  Stiiych'nia,  Double  I'odide  of. 
This  salt  is  prepared  by  digesting  for  several 
days  in  hot  water,  iodide  of  iodhydrate  of  strych- 
nia and  zinc  ;  filtering  and  crystallizing.  It  has 
been  proposed  in  the  same  cases  as  strychnia. 

ZINC,  SULFATE  BE,  Zinci  sulphas— z.  Sul- 
phate of,  Zinci  sulphas  —  z.  Valerianate  of,  Zinci 
Valerianas. 

ZINCIIUM,  Zincum. 

ZINCI  ACE'TAS,  Ac"€tate  of  Zinc,  (F.)  Ace- 
tate de  Zinc.  {Plnnihi  acet.  tbj,  zinc,  (jranul, 
§ix,  aqncs  destiUat.  Oiij.  Dissolve  the  acetate 
of  lead  in  the  water,  and  filter.  Add  tlie  zinc  to 
the  solution,  and  agitate  them  occasionally  to- 
gether, in  a  stoi)ped  bottle,  for  five  or  six  hours, 
or  until  the  licjuor  yields  no  precipitate  with  a 
solution  of  iodicle  of  potassium.  Filter  the  liquor, 
evaporate  it  with  a  moderate  heat  to  one-fifth, 
and  set  it  aside  to  crystallize.  Pour  off  tha 
liquid,  and  dry  the  crystals  on  bibulous  paper. 

Should  the  crystals  be  coloured,  dissolve  them 
in  distilled  water,  and  having  heated  the  solu- 
tion, drop  into  it,  while  hot,  a  filtered  solution  of 
chlorinated  lime,  until  it  ceases  to  let  fall  sesqui- 
oxide  of  iron ;  filter  the  liquor,  acidulate  it  with 
a  few  drops  of  acetic  acid,  evaporate,  and  crys- 
tallize.—/'//. U.  S.) 

Frequently  used  to  form  a  gently  astringent 
wash  in  ophthalmia  and  other  local  inflamma- 
tions; and  as  an  injection  in  gonorrhoea. 

Zinci  Carbonas  Impurus,  Calamina. 

Zinci  Cak'bonas  Pii.«cipita'tus,  Precip'itated 
carbonate  of  Zinc.  [Zinci  snlphat.,  sodcB  carbonat. 
aa  ft)j  ;  aq.  bullient.  cong.  Dissolve  the  sulphate 
of  zinc  and  carbonate  of  soda  respectively  in  Oiv 
of  water.  Mix  the  solutions;  stir,  and  set  the 
mixture  by,  that  the  powder  may  subside.  Having 
poured  off"  the  liquid,  wash  the  precipitated  car- 
bonate of  zinc  with  hot  water,  until  the  fluid  of 
the  washings  is  nearly  tasteless,  and  dry  with  a 
gentle  heat.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  Used  to  prepare  the 
Zinci  oxidum. 

Zinci  Cahbonas  Pr.eparatds,  Calamina  prae- 
parata  —  z.  Chloridi  liquor,  see  Burnett's  Disin- 
fecting Liquid. 

Zinci  Chlc'ripum,  Z.  chlornre'tnm,  Zincum 
chlora'tum  seu  muriat'icum  [oxydatum),  Chloride 


ZINCI   CHLORURETUM 


990 


ZOI ATRIA 


or  Chlnruret  of  Ziiir,  (F.)  Chlorure  de  Zinc. 
(Zinc,  in  frustulis,  ^^ijss;  ucid.  nitric,  crvlm 
liraparal.  aa  3J  i  '"^'f'-  muriut.  q.  s.  To  the 
zinc,  in  the  porcelain  vessel,  add  gradually  suffi- 
cient muriatic  acid  to  dissolve  it;  strain,  add  the 
nitric  acid,  and  evaporate  to  dryness.  Dissolve 
the  dr}'  mass  in  water,  add  the  chalk,  allow  the 
mixture  to  stand  for  24  hours,  filter,  and  again 
evaporate  to  dryness.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  very 
deliquescent  in  the  air,  forming  the  Butter  of 
Zinc,  Jinty'rum  Zinci. 

Chloride  of  Zinc  is  a  powerful  escharotic,  and 
has  been  lately  employed  as  an  effective  anti- 
septic. 

Zinci  Chloruretum,  Z.  chloriduni. 

Zinci  Cyanure'tum,  Z.  cyan'idnm  seu  Hydro- 
cy'anas  seu  PruH'iiinH,  Zincum  Uyanoyenu'tnm 
seu  Boras'iiicum  seu  Zodt' Icniii,  Hi/droci/'aniite  of 
Zinc,  (F.)  Cyanure  de  Zinc.  This  salt  is  formed 
by  adding  sulphate  of  zinc  to  bydrocyanate  of 
potassa  so  long  as  any  precipitate  is  thrown  down. 
When  dried  and  Calcined  at  a  low  heat,  the  pro- 
duct is  a  mixture  of  cyanuret  of  zinc  and  of  po- 
tassium. It  has  been  recommended  in  nervous 
cardialgia.  Dose,  from  one-sixteenth  to  one- 
twelfth  of  a  grain. 

It  is  chiefly  used  as  a  caustic;  one  part  of  the 
chloride  being  mixed  with  four,  three,  or  two 
parts  of  flour,  according  to  the  desired  strength, 
and  a  few  drops  of  water  being  added  to  form  a 
paste. 

Zinci  Ferrohydrocy'anas,  Zinci  ferrocyn- 
nure'tum,  Ci/anHve'tum  Ferrozin'cicitm,  Zincum 
Ferrohtjdrocyan'icum,  Ferrohydrocyiniate  of  Zinc. 
Made  by  the  mutual  decomposition  of  boiling-hot 
solutions  of  sulphate  of  zinc  and  ferrocyanate  of 
potassa.  It  has  been  recommended  in  the  same 
cases  as  the  last  preparation. 

Zinci  Hydrocyanas,  Zinci  cyanuretum. 

Zinci  lon'muM,  Z.  lodnre'tum,  Zincnm  Toda'- 
tnin,  Itide'tnm  Zinci  seu  Zin'cicnm.  Froto'iodnre'- 
tiim  Zinci,  J'odide  or  fod'uret  of  Zinc,  (F.)  Iitdnre 
de  Zinc.  This  salt  is  made  by  boiling  together 
iodine  and  zinc  to  dryness,  and  subliming.  An 
ointment,  composed  of  a  drachm  to  an  ounce  of 
lard,  has  been  used  in  cases  where  the  external 
use  of  iodide  of' potassium  is  indicated. 

Zinci  Ioduretum,  Z.  iodidum  —  z.  Nix,  Zinci 
oxydura. 

Zinci  Ox'yduw,  Zincnm  ealcina'tnm.  Nihil 
Albnni,  Lana  PhiloKopho'rnm  seu  I'hiltiHoph'ica, 
Nix  Zinci,  Nihil  Giix'enni.  Pom' pladyx,  Oxyd  of 
Zinc,  Flowers  of  Zinc,  (F.)  O-ride  ou  Blanc  de 
Zinc.  (Procured  by  burning  zinc  in  a  long,  deep 
crucible,  placed  so  as  to  collect  the  sublimate. 
Also,  by  exposing  the  precipitate  thrown  down 
from  a  solution  of  snlphnte  of  zinc  by  cnrhonate 
of  ammonia  to  a  Strong  heat,  so  as  to  drive  off 
the  carbonic  acid.  —  Ph.  U.  S.)  It  is  tonic  and 
antispasmodic;  externally,  detergent  and  desic- 
cative.  Employed  in  epilepsy,  chorea,  <fec.  For 
its  external  use,  see  Ung.  Zinci. 

Zinci  Oxydum  Impurum,  Tutia — z.  Prussias, 
Zinci  cyanuretum. 

Zinci  Sulphas,  Sulphate  of  Zinc,  Zincum  Vit- 
riola'tuni,  Vitrio'him  Album  seu  Goalaricu'se  .seu 
Zinci,  Sulphas  Zin'cicnm,  Gilla  Vitrioli  seu  The- 
opkras'ti,  Sal  Vitri<di  seu  Voniito' rium  Vitrioli, 
Chalcan'thum  Allium,  White  Vitriid,  White  Cop- 
perns,  {¥.)  Sulfate  de  Zinc.  (Zinc,  in  frustul. 
ziv;  acid,  sulphuric.  ^\'}  ;  aquas  destitlat.  Oiv. 
To  the  zinc  and  water,  previously  introduced  into 
a  ghiss  vessel,  add  by  degrees  the  sulphuric  acid, 
and,  when  the  effervescence  shall  have  ceased, 
filter  the  soluticn  through  paper;  then  boil  it 
down  till  a  pellicle  begins  to  form,  and  set  aside 
to  crystallize. — Ph.  U.  S.)  The  sulphate  of  zinc 
iti  inodorous ;  taste,  styptic.    It  is  in  white,  semi- 


transparent,  cfllorcscont  crystals;  soluble  in  three 
parts  of  water  at  ()0°.  It  is  emetic,  tonic,  nnti- 
spHsmodic,  and,  externally,  astringent.  A  nos- 
trum, sold  under  the  name  Antipertus'sis,  and,  as 
its  title  imports,  given  in  hooping-cough,  con- 
tains this  salt  as  its  chief  ingredient.  It  is  emetic. 
Dose,  as  an  emetic,  gr.  x  to  ,^ss;  as  a  tonic,  gr.  j 
to  ij.  Used  externally  as  a  collyriuui,  gr.  j.  to 
water  f^j. 

Zinci  Vai.KRIa'nas,  Zincum  valerian' icum,  Va- 
le'rianate  of  Zinc.  A  salt  formed  by  saturating 
valerianic  acid  with  freshly  prepared  carbonate 
of  zinc.  It  is  in  pure  white,  pearly  scales,  and 
has  been  recommended  as  a  tonic  in  neuralgic 
diseases,  epilepsy,  <fec.  The  dose  is  one  or  two 
grains  several  times  a  day.  It  is  officinal  in  the 
Dublin  Pharmacopoeia. 

ZINCUM,  Zinc  —  z.  Borussicum,  Zinci  cyanu- 
retum— z.  Calcinatum,  Zinci  oxyduin — z.  Clilora- 
tum,  Zinci  chloridum  —  z.  Cyanogenatum,  Zinci 
cyanuretum  —  z.  Ferrobydrocyanicum,  Zinci  fer- 
rohydrocyanas  —  z.  lodatum,  Zinci  iodidum  —  z. 
Muriaticum,  Zinci  chloridum  —  z.  Valerianicuin, 
Zinci  valerianas — z.  Vitriolatuin,  Zinci  sulphas — 
z.  Zooticum,  Zinci  cyanuretum. 

ZINGIBER,  Amoinum  zingiber  —  z.  Cassumu- 
niar,  see  Cassuinuniar  —  z.  Cliffordia,  see  Cassu- 
muniar — z.  Gerinanicum,  Arum  maeulatum  —  z. 
Officinale,  Amomum  zingiber — z.  Purpureum,  see 
Cassuinuniar  —  z.  Spurium,  see  Cassumuiiiar — z. 
Zerunihet,  see  Cassumuniar. 

ZINGIBERIN,  Piperoid. 

ZINGRI'TES,  Ziyni'tes.  A  stone,  resembling 
glass  ;  to  which  the  ancients  attributed  marvel- 
lous properties. 

ZINKUM,  Zincum. 

ZINT,  Zincum. 

ZINZIBER,  Amomum  zingiber. 

ZIPHAC,  PeritonEcum. 

ZIRBUS,  Epiploon  —  z.  Adipinus,  Epiploon, 
gastro-colic. 

ZIZA'NIA  AQUAT'ICA,  Wild  Bice;  Ord. 
Gramineji!;  called  by  the  Indians,  Jfennmene, 
grows  abundantly  on  the  marshy  margins  of  the 
northern  lakes  and  waters  of  the  upper  branches 
of  the  Mississippi.  The  grain  resembles  oats. 
It  furnishes  the  northern  savages  and  the  Cana- 
dian traders  and  hunters  with  their  annual  sup- 
plies of  grain.  Zt^amov  was  the  ancient  name  of 
some  wild  grain. 

ZIZYPHUM,  Jujube. 

ZIZYPIIUS  JUJUBA,  see  Jujube— z.  Nitida, 
see  Jujube. 

ZizvPHi'S  CEnop'ma,  ^.  Nnpecn ;  Ord.  Rham- 
naceae ;  common  all  over  India.  The  fruit  is 
eaten  by  the  natives.  It  is  of  a  pleasant  acid 
taste.  A  decoction  of  the  bark  of  the  fresh  root 
is  used  to  promote  the  healing  of  fresh  wounds. 

ZizYPHUS  Sativa,  see  Jujube  —  z.  Sylvestris, 
see  Jujube. 

ZOA'GRIA,  from  ^w>?,  'life,'  and  aypcia,  '1 
catch  up.'  The  saving  and  preservation  of  life. 
Zoosis.  A  reward  for  i)reserving  life;  Sostrum. 
A  votive  offering  hung  up  in  the  temples  for  a  life 
saved. 

ZOANTHRO'PIA,  Melanch>,l'ia  zounlhro'pia, 
from  ^looi-,  'an  animal,'  and  uv&injinoi,  'a  man.' 
A  species  of  monomania,  in  which  the  patient 
believes  himself  transformed  into  an  animal. 
Lycanthropia  and  Cynanthropia  belong  to  this 
species  of  monomania. 

ZOARA,  Insomnia. 

ZOE.  Life. 

ZOGRAPIIIA,  Zoograpbia. 

ZOIATRIA,  Veterinary  art. 


ZOIATRUS 


991 


ZYGOMATIQUE 


ZOIATRUS,  Ilippiater. 

ZOMIDIUM,  Jus. 

ZOMOS,  Ooiiaoiinni,  Jus. 

ZONA,  Herpes  zoster  —  z.  Costitntis,  Hymen 
—  z.  Ciliuris,  Ciliary  zone  —  z.  Ignea,  Herpes 
zoster. 

Zona  Prllu'cidA,  Golem' ma  pellu'ciditm,  Vit' 
ellnri]   membrane,    Chon'un   (of  some),   (F.)   Vilel- 
liiie,    ilemhrane    vitelline.     The    membrane    that 
surrounds  the  yolk  in  the  mammalia  is  so  called 
on  account  of  its  thickness  and  peculiar  trans- 
parency. 
Zona  SEnpiciNOSA,  Herpes  zoster. 
Zona  Thnpino'sa.     The  whitish  circle  around 
the  auriculo-ventricular  orifice  of  the  right  side 
of  the  heart. 

Zona  Virginitatis,  Hymen. 
ZONK,  Cingulum. 

ZONULA  CILIARIS,  see  Ciliary,  and  Ciliary 
zone — z.  CochleiB,  see  Lamina  spiralis  —  z.  Hil- 
dani,  Cingulum  Hildani  —  z.  Zinnii,  see  Ciliary 
zone. 
ZOOBIOLOGIA,  see  Physiology. 
ZOOCHEMIA,  Chymistry,  animal. 
ZOOCHEM'ICAL,  Zoochi/m'icol,  Znochem'icnH, 
Zooelnjm'icits.     Appertaining  or  having  relation 
to  animal  chymistry. 

ZOOCHEMY,  Chymistry,  animal. 
ZOOCHYMY,  Chymistry,  animal. 
ZOOGENIUM,  Azote. 

ZObiV'^^Y ,  Zol'xjKu' ia,  Zoi'xjen' esia,  from  ^wov, 
'animal,' and  ycicffis,  'generation.'  The  doctrine 
of  animal  formation. 

ZOOG'RAPHY,  Zo'ot/rn'phia,  Zoijrn'phin,  from 
^uov,  and  YP"'t>i'  '  "■  description.'     A  (iescription 
of  animals.     The  natural  history  of  animals. 
ZOOIIEMATINE,  Hajmatine. 
ZOOIIY'LAS,   from  {uoi/,  and   'v\ri,   'matter.' 
Animal  matter. 

ZOOIIY'LICA  CONCREMEN'TA.  Concre- 
tions formed  of  animal  matter. 
ZOO  r  A  SIS,  Veterinary  art. 
ZO'OID,  Zooi'dei,  Zoo'des;  from  ^uov,  'ani- 
mal,' and  uhoi,  'resemblance.'  Resembling  or 
belonging  to  an  animal.  Every  living  cell  may 
be  re^rarded  as  a  Zooid. 

ZOOL'OOIST,  Zoohujia'ta,  Zirdl'ogm,  from 
l^uiov,  and  \oyoi,  '  description.'  One  skilled  in  the 
natural  history  of  animals. 

ZOOL'OGY,  Zoolofj" ia.  Same  etymon.  The 
natural  history  of  animals. 

ZOOMAGNETISMUS,  Magnetism,  animal. 
ZOOMYCUS,  Mucus. 
ZOOMYXA,  Mucus. 

ZOON.  Animal. 

Z00N0M'IA,0c<;n)iozooiiom'/n,^"OH 'amy,  from 
<a.„v,  and  vo/iof,  'law.'  The  laws  which  govern 
the  or-ranic  actions  of  animals  in  general  :—Ahi- 
m<d  Plii/Miol'oijij,  Zoophi/iioloy"ia. 

Z00N0S0L0G"IA,  from  ^cjov,  vovoi,  'a  dis- 
cnse,'  and  Xoyoj,  'a  description.'  The  nosology 
of  iiiiimals. 

Z00PATH0L0G"IA,  from  ^o>ov,  T«eo{,  'a  dis- 
ease,' ..nd  Uyoi,  '  a  description.'     The  pathology 

of  animals.  ,t^  x  o-  ..    i 

■  ZOOPU'AGOUS,  Zonph'ogus,  (F.)  Zoophage, 
from  i,uo..,  and  ^-.yu,,  •  I  eat.'  Feeding  on  ani- 
Uials.     Carnivorous. 

ZOOPHTHALMUS,  Hydrophthalmia. 

ZOOPHYSIOLOGIA,  Physiology,  animal,  Zo- 

onoinia.  .    . 

70'OPIIY'TE,  Zodph'ytum,  Phytozo  on,  Anim 
plant,  from  ;u,<,.,  and  <pvro.,  '  a  plant."    A  na. 


al 
ame 


given  to  the  lowest  class  of  animals,  which  seem  to 
form  the  transition  between  the  animal  and  the 
vegetable  kingdoms. 

ZOOSIS,  Animation,  Zoagria. 
ZOOSPERMATA,  Spermatozoa. 
ZOOsnKRMES,  Spermatozoa. 
ZOOTHAP'SIS,  from  ^w.,,  'life,'  and  OairTia,'! 
inter.'     Burial  alive.     Premature  interment. 

ZOOT'OMIST,  Zootom' icuH.  Same  etymon  as 
the  next.     One  who  dissects  animals. 

ZOOT'OMY,  Zootom'id,  from  ^-jiov,  and  rtfivia, 
'I  cut.'  Anatom'ia  anima'lin  sou  comparati'va 
seu  compara'ta,  Theriot'omy,  Compar'ative  Ana- 
tomy. 'The  anatomy  of  animals.  Animal  ana- 
tomy. 

ZOPISSA,  see  Pinus  sylvestris. 
ZOPYRON,  Fomites. 
ZOSTER,  Herpes  zoster. 

ZOSTERA  iMARINA,  Pila  marina  — z.  MarU 
tima,  Pila  msirina. 

ZOSTERE,  Pila  marina. 
ZOUZINETTE,  Narcissus  pseudonarcissus, 
ZOZAR,  Saccharum. 
ZUCARO,  Saccharum. 
ZUCCARUM,  Saccharum. 
ZUCIIAR.  Saccharum. 
ZUCHARUM,  Saccharum. 
ZUCHRA,  Saccharum. 
ZULAPIUM,  Julep. 
ZYGAPOPHYSES,  see  Vertebrae. 
ZYGOMA,  Malee  os. 

ZYGOMAT'IC,  Zyijomnt'icnn,  Juga'lia,  Jngal, 
(F.)  Zygomatiqiie.  That  which  relates  to  the 
zygoma  or  cheek-bone. 

Zygomatic  Arch,  see  Zygomatic  process  —  z. 
Bone,  MaliB  os. 

Zygomatic  Fossa  is  the  space  included  between 
the  posterior  margin  of  the  outer  ala  of  the  pte- 
rygoid process,  and  the  crista  which  descends 
from  the  malar  tuberosity  to  the  superior  alveolar 
margin. 

Zygomatic  Muscles  are  two  in  number.  1. 
Zygoiiiat' icns  major,  Distort'or  Oris,  (F.)  Zygo- 
miito-labiid  (Ch.),  Mnnele  grand  zygoinotiipie, 
which  is  situate  obliquely  at  the  fore-part  and 
sides  of  the  face.  It  is  a  small,  rounded  muscle; 
arises  from  the  outer  surface  of  the  os  mnlae,  and 
is  inserted  at  the  commissure  of  the  lips,  which  it 
raises  and  draws  outwards.  It  acts  principally 
in  laughing.  2.  Zygomat'ivna  minor,  (F.)  Petit 
Zygomuto-lahiitl,  (Ch  \,  Petit  Zygomatiqne,  does 
not  always  exist.  It  is  situnte  on  the  inner  side 
of  the  last;  arises  from  the  outer  surface  of  the 
OS  malae,  and  is  inserted  at  the  corner  of  the 
mouth,  or  rather  into  the  upper  lip,  which  it  raises 
and  draws  outwards. 

Zygomatic  Process,  Procea'ana  zygomnt'icua, 
Apiipli'ysia  Zygomat'ica,  Malar  or  Jngal  proccas, 
(F.)  Apophyse  Zygomatiqne,  arises  from  the  outer 
surface  of  the  temporal  bone  by  two  roots,  one  of 
which  is  transverse,  (Condyle  da  tem/ioral,  Ch.,) 
and  the  other  longitudinal:  between  them  is  the 
glenoid  cavity.  The  process  passes  forwards, 
and  is  articulated  with  the  posterior  angle  of  the 
OS  malir,  with  which  it  forms  a  bony  bridge, 
called  the  Zygomat'ic  arch,  Arena  seu  Pona  zygo- 
mat'iena,  (F.)  A)cfi(/e  Zygomatiqne.  The  cavity, 
beneath  this  bridge,  is  sometimes  called  Zygo'ma. 
Zygomatic  Suture  is  placed  between  the  zy- 
gomntic  parts  of  the  temporal  and  cheek  bones; 
and  sbints  obliquely  downwards  and  backwards. 
ZYGOMATIQUE,  Zygomatic— z.  Grand, 
Zygomaticus  major  —  z.  Petit,  Zygomaticus 
minor. 


ZYGOMATO-LABIAL 


992 


ZYTHUS 


ZYGOMATO-LABIAL,  Zygoraaticus  mnjor 
— 2.  Lidiial,  petit,  Zygotnaticus  major — z.  M(txil- 
laire,  Masseter — z.  Oricidaire,  Anterior  auris. 

ZYGOPHYL'LUM  FABA'GO,  (F.)  Frthagelh. 
Ord.  Zygophyllaceae.  A  Syrian  and  Mauritania 
plant,  possessed  of  an  acrid  and  bitter  taste.  It 
iias  vermifuge  properties.  The  Arabs  believe 
that  the  recently  expressed  juice  of  Zi/go]>hi/lliim 
etmplejc,  is  capable  of  removing  specks  from  the 
cornea. 

ZYMA,  Ferment. 

ZYMOxMA,  Ferment. 


ZYMOSIS,  Fermentation,  see  Zymotic. 

ZYMOT'lC,  Zymot'icua,  (F.)  Zi/woti(jiie,  from 
^vfiow,  '  to  ferment.'  Relating  or  appertaining  to 
fermentation.  A  ztpnotic  discnKC  is  any  epidemic, 
endemic,  contagious  or  sporadic  affection,  which 
is  produced  by  some  morbific  principle  acting  on 
the  organism  similar  to  a  ferment — as  the  major 
exanthemata,  pyohaemia,  <fec.  Zymoses  has  been 
used  by  some  to  signify  such  affections. 

ZYTHOGALA,  Posset. 

ZYTHUM,  Cerevisia. 

ZYTHUS;  Cerevisia. 


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Dollars  will  entitle  them  to  the  Journal  only,  without  the  News,  and  that  they  will  be  at  the  expen-e 
of  their  own  postage  on  the  receipt  of  each  number.  The  advantage  of  a  remittance  when  order- 
ing the  Journal  will  thus  be  apparent. 

As  the  Medical  News  and  Library  is  in  no  case  sent  without  advance  payment,  its  subscribers 
will  always  receive  it  free  of  postage. 

Remittances  of  subscriptions  can  be  mailed  at  our  risk,  when  a  certificate  is  taken  from  the  Post- 
master that  the  money  is  duly  inclosed  and  forwarded. 

Address  BLANCHARD  «fe  LEA,  Philadelphia. 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS. 


ALLEN    (J.    M.),    M.  D., 

Professor  of  Anatomy  in  the  Pennsylvania  Medical  College,  &c. 

'^^nnZ^^^™'^^^  ANATOMIST;  or,  The  Student's  Guide  iu  the  Dissecting. 

u  .:;<>  ^'"^  ^^^^'  '"nitrations.    In  one  handsome  royal  12iiio.  volume,  of  over  600  pages,  lea- 

ther.    !$2  25.     (Just  Issued.)  f  6     > 

In  the  arrangement  of  lhi>  work,  the  anihor  has  endeavored  to  present  a  complete  and  thorough 
course  of  di!->ection9  in  a  clearer  and  more  available  form  for  praclieal  use,  than  has  as  yet  been 
nccumplished.  1  he  chapters  follow  each  other  in  the  order  in  which  dissections  are  usually  con- 
ducted m  this  country,  and  as  each  region  is  taken  up,  every  detail  regarding  it  is  fully  described 
and  illustrated,  so  that  the  student  is  not  interrupted  in  his  labors,  by  the  necessity  of  reliirring  from 
one  portion  ol  the  volume  to  another. 


However  valuable  may  be  the  "  Disseetor's 
Guides"  which  we,  of  late,  have  liad  occasion  to 
notice,  we  feci  confident  that  the  work  of  L)r.  Allen 
is  superior  to  any  of  them.  We  believe  witli  the 
author,  that  none  is  so  fully  illustrated  as  tliis,  and 
the  arrangement  of  the  work  is  such  as  to  facilitate 
tlie  labors  of  tlie  student  in  acquiring  a  thorough 
practical  knowledge  of  Anatomy.  We  most  cordi- 
ally recommend  it  to  their  attention. — Western  Lan- 
cet, Dec.  1856. 

We  believe  it  to  be  one  of  the  most  useful  works 
upon  the  subject  ever  written.  It  is  handsomely 
illustrated,  well  printed,  and  will  be  found  of  con- 
venient size  for  use  in  the  dissecting-room. — Med. 
Examiner,  Dec.  1850. 


From  Frof.  J.  S.  Davis,  University  of  Va. 

I  am  not  acquainted  with  any  work  that  attains  so 
fully  the  object  which  it  proposes. 

From   C.   P.  Fanner,  M.  D.,  Demonstrator,   Uni- 
versity of  Michigan. 

I  have  examined  the  work  briefly,  but  even  this 
exaniinatiim  has  c<mvinced  me  that  it  is  an  excellmt 
guide  for  the  Dissector.  Its  illustrations  are  beau- 
tiful, and  more  than  I  have  seen  in  a  work  of  this 
kind.  1  shall  take  great  pleasure  in  recommending 
it  to  my  classes  as  the  text-book  of  the  dissecting- 
room. 


ANALYTICAL    COMPENDIUM 
OF  MEDICAL  SCIENCE,  containing  Anatomy,  Physiology,  Surgery,  Midwifery, 

Chemistry,  Materia  Medica,  Therapeutics,  and  Practice  of  JVledicine.  By  John  Neii^l,  M.  D., 
and  F.  G.  Smith,  M.  D.  New  and  enlarged  edition,  one  thick  volume  royal  12mo.  of  over 
1000  pages,  with  374  illustrations.    13*^  Bee  Neill,  p.  24. 


ABEL  (F.    A.),    F.  C.  S.    AND    C.    L.    BLOXAM. 
HANDBOOK  OF  CHEMISTRY,  Theoretical,  Practical,  and  Technical ;  with  a 

Recommendatory  Preface  by  Dr.  Hofmann.    la  one  large  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  602 
pages,  with  illustrations.     $3  25. 

ASHWELL    (SAMUEL),   M.  D., 

Obstetric  Physician  and  Lecturer  to  Guy's  Hospital,  London. 

A  PRACTICAL  TREATISE  ON  THE  DISEASES  PECULIAR  TO  WOMEN. 

Illustrated  by  Cases  derived  from  Hospital  and  Private  Practice.  Third  American,  from  the  Third 
and  revised  London  edition.     In  one  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  528  pages.     $3  00. 


The  most  useful  practical  work  on  the  subject  in 
the  English  language.  — .Boston  Med.  and  Surg. 
Journal. 


The  most  able,  and  certainly  the  most  standard 
and  practical,  work  on  female  diseases  that  we  have 
yet  seen. — Medico-Chirurgical  Review. 


ARNOTT   (NEILL),  M.  D. 
ELEMENTS    OF    PHYSICS;    or  Natural  Philosophy,  General  and  Medical 


Written  for  universal  use,  in  plain  or  non-technical  language.     A  new  edition,  by  Isaac  Hays, 
m  one  octavo  volume,  leather,  of  4S4  pages,  with  about  two  hundred  illustra- 


M.  D 

tions 


Complete  in 
$2  50. 


BUDD  (GEORGE),  M.  D.,  F.  R.  S., 

Professor  of  Medicine  in  King's  College,  London. 

ON  DISEASES   OF   THE   LIVER.      Third   American,  from   the   third   and 

enlarged  London  edition.    In  one  very  handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  with  four  beauti- 
fully "colored  plates,  and  numerous  wood-cuts.    pp.500.     $3  00.     (Now  Ready.} 
His  fairlv  established  for  itself  a  place  among  the  .  is  not  perceptibly  changed,  the  history  of  liver  dis- 
el.,R«iril   medical   literature   of  England.— Brais/i  1  eases  is  made  more  complete,  and  is  kept  upon  a  level 
cind  Foreign  Mnlico-Chir.  Revieiv,  July,  1657.  with  the  progress  of  modern  science.     It  is  the  best 

una  ruTci^ii.  juc  _  .         .     I  vi'ork  on  Diseases  of  the  L.iver  in  any  language. 

London  Med.  Times  and  Gazette,  June  27,  1357. 

This  work,  now  the  standard  book  of  reference  on 

the  difeases  of  which  it  treats,  has  been  carefully 

new  illustrations  of  the  views  vt 

hied  in  the  present  edition. — 

and" pathology ;  so  that  a'uirouVh" the* size  i(  ihe  book  |  Dublin  Quarterly  Journal,  Aug.  1*57. 

BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 

ON  THE   ORGANIC  DISEASES   AND  FUxNCTIONAL  DISORDERS  OF 

THE  STOMACH.     In  one  neat  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth.    5150. 

u  th    hiirh  Dosition  occupied  by  Dr.  Budd  as    style,  the  subjects  are  well  arranged,  and  the  practi- 

From  tne  "';-     '    .^^^i  ,^  practitioner,  it  is  almost  ,  eal  precepts,  both  of  diagnosis  and  treatment,  denote 
a  teacher,  u  \v  ,^>^  ^^^^  present  book  may  be  con-  I  the  character  of  a  thoughtful  and  experienced  phy- 

needless  to  ^J;;;         .'        ,.,o-e.  It  is  written  lu  an  easy  '  sician.— London  Med.  Ti?n«s  and  Gazette. 
■ulted  with  gi tat  ""*■*""  o 


Dr.  Budd's  Treatise  on  Diseases  of  the  Liver  is 
now  a  standard  work  in  Medical  literature  and  dur- 
ing the  mtervals  which  have  elapsed  between  the 
successive 
the  text  the 
racterized  the  recent  p 


tervals  which  have  elapsetl  Detwcen  tne  ±i.i»  wu.^,m.vv  uic 
edi  ions,  the  author  has  incorporated  into     the  difeases  of  whicli 

le  most  striking  novelties  which  have  cha-  revised,  and  many  ne^ 
thTiecenpr<"'ress  of  hepatic  physiology  |  the  learned  author  a.: 


BLANCHARD   &   LEA'S   MEDICAL 


BROWN    (ISAAC    BAKER), 

Surgeon- Accoucheur  to  St.  Mary's  Hospital,  A-c. 

OX  SOME  DISEASES  OF  WOMEN  ADMITTING  OF  SURGICAL  TREAT- 
MENT.    With  handsome  illustrations.     One  vol.  8vo.,  extra  clolh.     $160. 

Mr.  Brown  has  earned  for  himself  a  high  reputa-  '  and  merit  the  caveful  attention   of  every   surgeon- 
tion  in  the  operative  treatment  of  sundry  diseases    accoucheur. — Association  Journal. 
and  injuries  to  wliifh  females  are  peculiarly  subject.  1      ,,,1,  .      •■     •  i-       .1  ■    u     1 

We  can  truly  say  of  his  work  that  it  is  an  important  '  .  \Y«  have  no  hesitation  in  recommending:  this  book 
addition  to  obstetrical  literature.  The  operative  i '"  "^f  ^'"■•^'^"' "'^'"'""»  "*^'''  .s"';!-"^""^  wbo  make 
suggrestions  and  contrivances  which  Mr.  Brown  de-  1  feniale  complaints  a  part  of  heir  study  and  practice, 
scribes,  exhibit  much  practical  Bagacity  and  skill,    -'°""'"  <^""'''«'''3' •^'""■»"'- 


BENNETT   (J.    HUGHES),    M.D.,    F.  R.  S.  E., 

Professor  of  Clinical  Medicine  in  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  &;c. 

THE  PATHOLOGY  AND  TREATMENT  OF  PULMONARY  TUBERCU- 

LOSIS,  and  on  the  Local  Medication  of  Pharyngeal  and  Laryngeal  Diseases  freqiienily  mistaken 
for  or  associated  with,  Phthisis.  In  one  handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  with  beautiful 
■wood-cuts.     pp.  130.     $1  25. 


BENNETT   (HENRY),  M ,  D. 
A  PRACTICAL   TREATISE   ON  INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  UTERUS, 

ITS  CERVIX  AND   APPENDA(jES,  and  on  its  connection  with  Uterine  Di>ease.     Fourth 

American,  from  the  third  and  revised  London  edition.     To  which  is  added  (July,  IS-'MJ),  a  Review 

OF  THE  Present  State  of  Uterine  Pathology.     In  one  neat  octavo  volume,  extra  clolh,  of 

500  pages,  with  wood-cuts.     $2  00. 

The  addition  of  the  "Review"  presents  the  most  recent  aspects  of  the  questions  discussed  in 
this  well-known  work,  bringing  it  down  to  the  latest  moment. 

This  edition  has  been  carefully  revised  and  altered,  1  When,  a  few  years  back,  the  first  edition  of  the 
and  various  ailditions  have  been  made,  which  render  present  work  was  published,  the  subject  was  one  al- 
it  more  complete,  and,  if  possible,  more  worthy  of  most  entirely  unknown  to  the  obstetrical  celebrities 
the  high  appreciation  in  which  it  is  held  by  the  '  of  the  day  ;  and  even  now  we  have  reason  to  know 
medical  profession  throughout  the  world.  A  copy  ,  that  the  bulk  of  the  profession  are  not  fully  alive  to 
should  be  in  the  possession  of  every  physician. —  :  the  importance  and  frequency  of  the  disease  of  which 
Charleston  Med.  Journal  and  Review.  1  it  takes  cognizance.     The  present  edition  is  so  much 

We  are  firmly  of  opinion  that  in  proportion  as  a  '  enlarged    altered,  and  improved,  that  it  can  scarcely 
knowledge  of  uterine  diseases  becomes  more  appre-     ^e  considered  the  same  work.— Dr.  Kanking's  Ab- 
ciated,  tins  work  will  be  proportionably  established    stract. 
as  a  text-book  in  the  profession. — The  Lancet.  I 

ALSO,  FOR  SALE  SEPARATE, 

A  REVIEW  OF  THE  PRESENT  STATE  OF  UTERINE  PATHOLOGY. 

1  small  vol.  8vo.    50  cents. 


BIRD  (GOLDING),  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  &c. 
URINARY     DEPOSITS:     THEIR     DIAGNOSIS,    PATHOLOGY,    AND 

THERAPEUTICAL  INDICATIONS.  A  new  and  enlarged  American,  from  the  last  improved 
London  edition.  With  over  sixty  illustrations.  In  one  royal  12ino.  vol,  extra  cloth,  pp.372.  $130. 
It  can  scarcely  be  necessary  for  us  to  say  anything 
of  the  merits  of  this  well-known  Treatise,  which  so 
admirably  brings  into  practical  application  the  re- 
sults of  those  microscopical  and  chemical  researches 
regarding  the  pliysiology  and  pathology  of  the  uri- 
nary secretion,  which  nave  contributed  so  much  to 
the  increase  of  our  diagnostic  powers,  and  to  the 


extension  and  satisfactory  employment  of  our  thera- 
peutic resources.  In  the  preparation  of  this  new 
edition  of  his  work,  it  is  obvious  that  Dr.  Golding 
Bird  has  spared  no  pains  to  render  it  a  faithful  repre- 
sentation of  the  present  state  of  scientific  knowledge 
on  the  subject  it  embraces.—  The  British  and  Foreign 
Medico- Chirurgical  Review. 


BY   THE   SAME   AUTHOR. 


ELEMENTS  OF  NATURAL  PHILOSOPHY;   being  an  Experimental  Intro- 

duction  to  the  Physical  Sciences.     Illu.strated  with  nearly  four  hundred  wood-cuts.     From  the 
third  London  edition.     In  one  neat  volume,  royal  12mo.,  extra  cloth,     pp.402.    $125. 


BLAKISTOX'S  PRACTICAL,  OBSERVATIONS 
ON  CERTAIN  DISEASES  OF  THE  CHEST, 
and  liU  the  Principles  of  Auscultation.  In  one  vol., 
cloth,  8vo     pp.  3^4.     SI  as. 

BURROWS  ON  DISORDERS  OF  THE  CERE- 
BRAL CIRCULATION,  and  (m  the  Connection 
between  the  AfTeetions  of  the  Brain  and  Diseases 
of  the  Heart.  In  one  8vo.  vol.,  extra  cloth,  with 
colored  plates,    pp.216.     §;!  25. 

BEALE  ON  THE  LAWS  OF  HEALTH  IN  RE- 
LATION TO  MIND  AND  BODY.  A  Series  of 
Letters  from  an  old  Practitioner  to  a  Patient.  In 
one  volume,  royal  12mo.,  extra  cloth,  pp.  296. 
80  cents. 

BUSHNAN'S  PHYSIOLOGY  OF  ANIMAL  AND 


VEGETABLE  LIFE  ;  a  Popular  Treatise  on  the 
Functions  and  Phenomena  of  Organic  Life.  In 
one  handsome  royal  ]2mo.  volume,  extra  cloth, 
with  over  100  illustrations,    pp.  2:34.     80  cents. 

BUCKLER  ON  THE  ETIOLOGY,  PATHOLOGY, 
AND  TREATMENT  OF  Fl  BRO-BRONCHI- 
TIS  AND  RHEUMATIC  PNEU.MONIA.  In 
one  8vo.  volume,  extra  cloth,     pp.  150.     SI  25. 

BLOOD  AND  URINE  (MANUALS  ON).  BY 
JOHN  WILLIAM  GRIFFITH,  G.  OWEN 
REESE,  AND  ALFRED  MARKWICK.  One 
thick  volume,  royal  12mo.,  extra  cloth,  with 
plates,    pp.  400.     $1  25. 

BRODIE'S  CLINICAL  LECTURES  ON  SUR- 
GERY.    I  vol.  8vo.,  cloth.    350  pp.     $125. 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS. 


BARCLAY  (A.  W.)     M.  D., 

Assistant  Physician  to  St.  George's  Hospital,  kc. 

A  MANUAL  OF  MEDICAL  DIAGNOSIS;   being  au  Analysis  of  the  Signs 

and  Symplums  of  Disease.     In  one  neat  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  about  400  pages.     (Noio 
Heady.) 

Both  students  and  practitioners  have  long  felt  the  want  of  a  work  devoted  exclusively  to  the  ex- 
position ot  the  details  of  Diaj^no>i?.  Such  a  volume,  properly  executed,  cannot  fail  to  prove  an 
inva'uable  assistant  in  the  exigencies  of  daily  practice,  furnishing  the  information  desired  at  the 
moment,  in  the  form  required,  aiding  to  solve  dilficulties,  and  to  discriminate  in  doubtful  cases,  and 
supplying  suggestions  which  may  be  of  important  service  both  to  practitioner  and  patient.  Mere 
bed-side  experience  requires  so  many  years  to  furnish  the  knowledge  requisite  to  safe  and  rapid 
diagnosis,  that  the  assistance  furnished  by  a  treatise  like  the  present,  embodying  the  results, 
methodically  arrange^!,  of  ten  years  service  as  registrar  in  a  large  metropolitan  hospital,  during 
which  more  than  twelve  thousand  cases  were  carefully  analyzed  and  recorded  by  the  auihor,  can- 
not but  prove  of  the  most  iini)ortant  character  in  lightening  the  labors  and  responsibility  of  the  phy- 


sician. 


BARLOW   (GEORGE  H.),    M.D. 

Physician  to  Guy's  Hospital,  London,  &c. 

A  MANUAL  OF  THE  PRACTICE  OF  MEDICINE.     With  Additions  by  D. 

F.  CoNDiE,  M.  D.,  author  of ''A  Practical  Treatise  on  Diseases  of  Children,"  &c.     In  one  hand- 
some octavo  volume,  leather,  of  over  bOO  pages.     (A  new  work.,  just  issued,  1856.)    $2  75. 
We  recommend  Dr.  Barlow's  Manual  in  the  warm-  i  will  be  found  hardly  less  useful  to  the  experienced 
est  manner  as  a  most  valuable  vade-mecum.     We  \  physician.     The  American  editor  has  added  to  the 
have  hud  frequent  occasion  to  consult  it,  and  have    work  three  chapters — on  Cholera  Infantum,  Yellow 


found  it  clear,  concise,  practical,  and  sound.  It  is 
eminsntly  a  practical  work,  containing  all  that  is 
essential,  and  avoiding  useless  theoretical  discus- 
sion. The  work  supplies  what  has  been  for  some 
time  wanting,  a  manual  of  practice  based  upon  mo- 
dern discoveries  in  pathology  and  rational  views  of 
treatment  of  disease.  It  is  especially  intended  for 
the  use  of  students  and  junior  practitioners,  but  it 


Fever,  and  Cerebro-spinal  Meningitis.  These  addi- 
tions, the  two  first  of  which  are  indispensable  to  a 
work  on  practice  destined  for  the  profession  in  this 
country,  are  executed  with  great  judgment  and  fi- 
delity, by  Dr.  Condie,  who  has  also  succeeded  hap- 
pily in  imitating  the  conciseness  and  clearness  of 
style  which  are  such  agreeable  characteristics  of 
the  original  book. — Boston  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 


BARTLETT  (ELISHA),  M.  D. 
THE  HISTORY,  DIAGNOSIS,   AND  TREATMENT  OF  THE  FEVERS 

OF  THE  UNITED  STATES.  A  new  and  revised  edition.  By  Alonzo  Cl.\rk,  M.  D.,  Prof, 
of  Pathology  and  Practical  Medicine  in  the  N.  Y.  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  &c.  In 
one  octavo  volume,  of  six  hundred  pages,  extra  cloth.  {Now  Ready.)   Price  $3  00. 

logy.     His  annotations  add  much  to  the  interest  of 
the  work,  and  have  brought  it  well  up  to  the  condi- 


It  is  the  best  work  on  fevers  which  has  emanated 
from  the  American  press  and  the  present  editor  has 
carefully  availed  himself  of  ah  informati<m  exist- 
iiio-  upon  the  subject  in  the  Old  and  New  World,  so 
that  the  doctrines  advanced  are  brought  down  to  the 
latest  date  in  the  progress  of  this  department  of 
Medical  Science.— LowdoJi  Med.  Times  and  Gazette, 
May  2,  1857. 

This  excellent  monograph  on  febrile  disease,  has 
stood  deservedly  high  since  its  first  publication.  It 
will  be  seen  that  it  has  now  reached  its  fourth  edi- 
tiou  under  the  supervision  of  Prof.  A.  Clark,  a  gen- 
tleman who,  from  the  nature  of  his  studies  and  pur- 
suits, is  well  calculated  to  appreciate  and  discuss 
the  many  intricate  and  difticult  questions  in  patho- 


tion  of  the  science  as  it  exists  at  the  present  day 
in  regard  to  this  class  of  diseases. — Southern  Med. 
and  Surg.  Journal,  Mar.  16.57. 

It  is  a  work  of  great  practical  value  and  interest, 
containing  much  that  is  new  relative  to  the  several 
diseases  of  which  it  treats,  and,  with  the  additions 
of  the  editor,  is  fully  up  to  the  times.  The  distinct- 
ive features  of  thedilTerent  forms  of  fever  are  plainly 
and  forcibly  portrayed,  and  the  lines  of  demarcation 
carefully  and  accurately  drawn,  and  to  the  Ameri- 
can practitioner  is  a  more  valuable  and  safe  guide 
than  any  work  on  fever  extant. — Ohio  Med.  and 
Surg.  Journal,  May,  1657. 


BOWMAN  (JOHN   E.),  M.D. 
PRACTICAL   HANDBOOK   OF    MEDICAL    CHEMISTRY.     Second  Ame- 
rican, from  the  third  and  revised  English  Edition.     In  one  neat  volume,  royal  12mo.,  extra  cloth, 
with  numerous  illustrations,     pp.288.     $125. 

BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 

INTRODUCTION    TO    PRACTICAL    CHEMISTRY,    INCLUDING   ANA- 

LYSIS  Second  American,  from  the  second  and  revised  London  edition.  Witli  numerous  illus- 
trations.   Ill  one  neat  vol.,  royal  12mo.,  extra  cloth,    pp.  350.    $1  25. 

CURLING    (T.    B.),    F.  R.S., 
Surgeon  to  the  London  Hospital,  President  of  the  Hunterian  Society^,  &e. 

A  PRACTICAL  TREATISE  ON  DISEASES  OF  THE  TESTIS,  SPERMA- 

TTf^  rrVRll  VND  SCROTUM.  Second  American,  from  the  second  and  enlarged  English  edi- 
llO  ^S^^l^'^  handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  with  numerous  illustrations,  pp.  420.  (Just 
Jm"W,"i856.)     $2  00. 


illustrations  '"''';""'"',"i'  „r,  it  will  be  found  fuUv  worthy  to  retain  the  authoritative  position  whicli 
U  £  acqurreJ  whh" regard  to  this  class  of  affections. 


BLANCHARD  &  LEA'S   MEDICAL 


CARPENTER  (WILLIAM   B.),   M.  D.,  F.  R.  S.,  &.C., 

Examiner  iu  Physiology  and  Comparative  Anatomy  in  tlie  University  of  Loudon. 

PRINCIPLES  OF  HUMAN  PHYSIOLOGY;  with  their  chief  applications  to 

Psychology,  Pathology,  Therapeutics,  Hygiene,  and  Forens^ic  Medicine.  A  new  American,  from 
the  last  and  revised  London  edition.  With  nearly  three  hundred  illustrations.  Edited,  vvilh  addi- 
tions, by  Francis  Gurney  Smith,  M.  D.,  Professor  ol'the  Institutes  of  Medicine  hi  tlie  IVniisyl- 
vania  Medical  College,  (kc.  In  one  very  large  and  beautiful  octavo  volume,  ol  about  nine  hundred 
large  pages,  handsomely  printed  and  strongly  bound  ill  leather,  with  raised  bands.  {Just  Issued, 
1856.)    $4  25. 

In  the  preparation  of  this  new  edition,  the  author  has  spared  no  labor  to  render  it,  as  heretofore, 
a  complete  and  lucid  exposition  of  the  most  advanced  condition  of  its  important  subject.  Tlie 
amount  of  the  additions  required  to  eflecl  this  object  thoroughly,  joined  to  the  former  large  size  of 
the  volume,  presenting  objections  arising  from  the  unwieldy  bulk  of  the  work,  he  has  omilled  all 
those  portions  not  bearing  directly  upon  Human  Physiology,  designing  to  incorporate  them  in 
his  forthcoming  Treatise  on  General  Physiology.  As  a  full  and  accurate  text-book  on  the  Phy- 
siology of  Man,  the  work  in  its  present  condition  therefore  presents  even  greater  claims  upon 
the  sUident  and  physician  than  those  which  have  heretofore  won  for  it  the  very  wide  and  distin- 
guished favor  which  it  has  so  long  enjoyed.  The  additions  of  Prof.  Smith  will  be  found  to  supply 
whatever  may  have  been  wanting  to  the  American  student,  while  the  introduction  of  many  new- 
illustrations,  and  the  most  careful  mechanical  execution,  render  the  volume  one  of  the  most  at- 
tractive as  yet  issued. 


For  upwards  of  thirteen  years  Dr.  Carpenter's 
work  has  been  considered  by  tlie  profession  gene- 
rally, both  in  this  country  and  England,  as  the  most 
valuable  compendium  on  the  subject  of  physiology 
in  our  language.  This  distinction  it  owes  to  the  high 
attainments  and  unwearied  industry  of  its  accom- 
plished author.  The  present  edition  (which,  like  the 
last  American  one,  was  prepared  by  the  author  him- 
self), is  the  result  of  such  extensive  revision,  that  it 
may  almost  be  ccmsidered  a  new  work.  We  need 
hardly  say,  in  concluding  this  brief  notice,  that  while 
the  work  is  indispensable  to  every  student  of  medi- 
cine in  this  country,  it  will  amply  repay  the  practi- 
tioner for  its  perusal  by  the  interest  and  value  of  its 
contents. — Boston  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

This  is  a  standard  work — the  text-book  used  by  all 
medical  students  who  read  the  English  language. 
It  has  passed  through  several  editions  in  order  to 
keep  pace  with  llie  rapidly  growing  science  of  Phy- 
siology. Nothing  need  be  said  in  its  praise,  for  its 
merits  are  universally  known  ;  we  have  nothing  to 
gay  of  its  defects,  for  they  only  appear  where  the 
science  of  which  it  treats  is  incomplete. — Western 
Lancet. 

The  most  complete  exposition  of  physiology  which 
any  language  can  at  present  give. — Brit,  and  For. 
Med.-ChiruTg.  Review. 

The  greatest,  the  most  reliable,  and  the  best  book 
on  the  suhject  which  we  know  of  in  the  English 
language. — Stethoscope. 


To  eulogize  this  great  work  would  be  superfluous 
We  should  observe,  however,  that  in  this  edition 
the  author  has  remodelled  a  large  portion  of  the 
former,  and  the  editor  has  added  much  matter  of  in- 
terest, especially  in  the  form  of  illustrations.  We 
may  confidently  recommend  it  as  the  most  complete 
work  on  Human  Physiology  in  our  language. — 
Hotithern  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal,  December,  1855. 

The  most  complete  work  on  the  science  in  our 
language. — Am.  Med.  Journal. 

The  most  complete  work  now  extant  in  our  lan- 
guage.— jV.  O.  Med.  Register. 

The  best  text-book  in  the  language  on  this  ex- 
tensive subject. — London  Med.  Times. 

A  complete  cyclopaedia  of  this  branch  of  science. 
—N.  y.  Med.  Times. 

The  profession  of  this  country,  and  perhaps  also 
of  Europe,  have  anxiously  and  for  some  time  awaited 
the  announcement  of  this  newe(liti(m  of  Carpenter's 
Human  Physiology.  His  former  editions  have  for 
many  years  been  almost  the  only  text-book  on  Phy- 
siology in  all  our  medical  schools,  and  its  circula- 
tion among  the  profession  has  been  unsurpassed  by 
any  work  in  any  department  of  medical  science. 

it  is  quite  unnecessary  for  us  to  speak  of  this 
work  as  its  merits  would  justify.  The  mere  an- 
nouncement of  its  appearance  will  afford  the  highest 
pleasure  to  every  student  of  Physiology,  while  its 
perusal  will  be  of  infinite  service  in  advancing 
physiological  science. — Ohio  Med.  and  Surg.  Journ.. 


BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR.     {Lately  Issuecl.) 

PRINCIPLES  OF  COMPARATIVE   PHYSIOLOGY.     New  American,  from 

the  Fourth  and  Revised  London  edition.     In  one  largo  and  handsome  octavo  volume,  with  over 
three  hundred  beautiful  illustrations,     pp.  752.     Extra  cloth,  $4  80  ;  leather,  raised  bands,  $5  25. 

The  delay  which  has  existed  in  the  appearance  of  this  work  has  been  caused  by  the  very  thorough 
revision  and  remodelling  which  it  has  undergone  at  the  hands  of  the  author,  and  the  large  number 
of  new  illustrations  which  have  been  prepared  for  it.  It  will,  therefore,  be  found  almost  a  new 
work,  and  fully  up  to  the  day  in  every  department  of  the  sul)ject,  rendering  it  a  reliable  text-book 
for  all  students  engaged  in  this  branch  of  science.  Every  effort  has  been  made  to  render  its  typo- 
graphical finish  and  mechanical  execution  worthy  of  its  exalted  reputation,  and  creditable  to  the 
mechanical  arts  of  this  country. 


This  book  should  not  only  be  read  but  thoroughly 
studied  by  every  member  of  the  profession.  None 
are  too  wise  or  old,  to  be  benefited  thereby.  But 
especially  to  the  younger  class  would  we  cordially 
commend  it  as  best  fitted  of  any  work  in  the  English 
language  to  qualify  them  for  the  reception  and  coin- 
prehension  of  those  truths  which  are  daily  being  de- 
veloped in  physiology. — Medical  Counsellor. 

Without  pretending  to  it,  it  is  an  encyclopedia  of 
the  subject,  accurate  and  complete  in  all  respects — 
a  truthful  reflection  of  the  advanced  state  at  which 
the  science  has  now  arrived. — Dublin  Quarterly 
Journal  of  Medical  Science. 

A  truly  magnificent  work — in  itself  a  perfect  phy- 
siological stady.— Ranking^ s  Abstract. 

This  work  stands  without  its  fellow.  It  is  one 
few  men  in  Europe  could  have  undertaken ;  it  is  one 


no  man,  we  believe,  could  have  brought  to  so  suc- 
cessful an  issue  as  Dr.  Carpenter.  It  required  for 
its  production  a  physiologist  at  once  deeply  read  in 
the  labors  of  others,  capable  of  taking  a  general, 
critical,  and  unprejudiced  view  of  those  labors,  and 
of  combining  the  varied,  heterogeneous  materials  at 
his  disposal,  so  as  to  form  an  harmonious  whole. 
We  feel  that  this  abstract  can  give  the  reader  a  very 
imperfect  idea  of  the  fulness  of  this  work,  and  no 
idea  of  its  unity,  of  the  admirable  manner  in  which 
material  has  been  brought,  from  the  most  various 
sources,  to  conduce  to  its  completeness,  of  the  lucid- 
ity of  the  reasoning  it  contains,  or  of  the  clearness 
of  language  in  which  the  whole  is  clothed.  Not  the 
professi(m  only,  but  the  scientific  world  at  large, 
must  feel  deeply  indebted  to  Dr.  Carpenter  for  this 
great  work.  It  must,  indeed,  add  largely  even  to 
his  high  reputation. — Medical  Times. 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS. 


CARPENTER  (WILLIAM  B.),   M.  D.,  F.  R.  S., 

Examiner  in  I'liygiology  and  Comparative  Anatcinfiy  in  the  University  of  London. 
(Just  Iss7ied,  1856.) 

THE  MICR(3SC0PE  AND  ITS  REVELATIONS.      With  an  Appcijdix  c-m- 

taining  the  Applications  of  the  Microscope  to  Clinical  Medicine.  &:c.     By  F.  G.  Smith,  M.  D 

Illiistrutetl  by  four  himdred  and  thirty-/bur  beautiful  engravings  on  wood.     In  one  large  and  ver'- 

handsome  octavo  volume,  of  724  pages,  extra  cloth,  S4  00  ;  leather,  $4  50. 

Dr.  Carpentcr'.s  position  as  a  microscopist  and  physiologist,  and  his  great  experience  as  a  teacher 
eniinenlly  qualily  him  to  produce  what  has  long  been  wanted— a  good  text-book  on  the  practical 
use  o(  the  microscope.  In  the  present  volume  his  object  has  been,  as  slated  in  his  Prelace,  "  to 
combine,  within  a  moderate  compass,  that  information  with  regard  lo  the  use  of  his  '  tools,"  vvhich 
is  most  essential  to  the  working  microscopist,  with  such  an  account  of  the  objects  best  liiicd  for 
his  study,  as  might  qualify  him  to  comprehend  what  he  observes,  and  might  thus  prepare  him  to 
benefit  science,  whilst  expanding  and  refreshing  his  own  mind  "  That  he  has  succeeded  in  accom- 
plishing this,  no  one  ac(iiiaimed  with  his  previous  labors  can  doubt. 

The  great  importance  of  the  microscope  as  a  means  of  diagnosis,  and  the  number  of  microsco- 
pists  who  are  also  physicians,  have  induced  the  American  publishers,  with  the  author's  approval,  to 
add  an  Appendix,  carefully  prepared  by  Professor  Smith,  on  the  applications  of  the  insirumeiu  to 
clinical  medicine,  togelher  with  an  account  of  American  Microscopes,  their  modifications  and 
accessories.  This  portion  of  the  work  is  illustrated  wilh  nearly  one  hundred  wood-cuts,  and,  it  is 
hoped,  will  adapt  the  volume  more  particularly  to  the  use  of  the  American  student. 

Every  care  has  been  taken  in  the  mechanical  execution  of  the  work,  which  is  confidently  pre- 
sented as  in  no  respect  inferior  to  the  choicest  productions  of  the  London  press. 

The  mode  in  which  the  author  has  executed  his  intentions  may  be  gathered  from  the  following 
condensed  synopsis  of  llie 

CONTENTS. 

Introdtjction— History  of  the  Microscope.  Chap.  I.  Optical  Principles  of  the  Microscope. 
Chap.  II.  Construction  of  the  Microscope.  Chap.  III.  Accessory  Apparatus.  Chap.  IV. 
Management  of  the  Microscope  Chap.  V.  Preparation,  Mounting,  and  Collection  of  Objects. 
Chap.  VI.  Microscopic  Forms  of  Vegetable  Life — Prolophyles.  Chap.  VII.  Higher  Crypioga- 
niia.  ChaP.VIII.  Phanerogamic  Plants.  Chap.  IX.  Microscopic  Forms  of  Animal  Lifii — Pro- 
tozoa— Animalcules.  Chap.X.  Foraininifera,  Polycystina,  and  Sponges.  Chap.  XI.  Zoophytes, 
Chap.  XII.  Echinodermala.  Chap.  XHI.  Polyzoa  and  Compound  Tunicata.  Chap.  XIV. 
Molluscous  Animals  Generally.  Chap.  XV.  Annulosa.  Chap.  XVI.  Crustacea.  Chap.  XVII. 
Insects  and  Arachnida.  Chap.  XVllI.  Vertebrated  Animals.  Chap.  XIX.  Applications  of  the 
Microscope  to  Geology.  Chap.  XX.  Inorganic  or  Mineral  Kingdom — Polarization.  Appendix. 
Microscope  as  a  means  of  Diagnosis — Injections — Microscopes  of  American  Manufacture. 


Those  who  are  acqu.iintod  with  Dr.  Carpenter's 
previous  writings  on  Animal  and  Vefretable  Physio- 
iiigry,  will  fully  understand  how  vast  a  store  of  know- 
ledge he  is  able  to  bring  to  hear  upon  so  comprehen- 
.  sive  a  subject  as  the  revelations  of  the  microscope  ; 
and  even  those  who  have  no  previous  acquaintance 
with  the  construction  or  uses  of  this  instrument, 
will  find  abundance  of  information  conveyed  in  clear 
and  simple  language. — Med.    Times  and   Gazette. 

Although   originally   not  intended  as   a   strictly 


medical  work,  the  additions  by  Prof.  Smith  g:ive  it 
a  positive  claim  upcm  the  profession,  for  which  we 
douht  not  he  will  receive  their  sincere  tlinnks.  In- 
deed, we  know  not  where  the  student  of  medicine 
will  find  such  acomplele  and  satisfactory  collection 
of  microscopic  facts  hearing  upon  physiology  and 
practical  medicine  as  is  contained  in  Prof.  Sinitn's 
appendix  ;  and  this  of  itself,  it  seems  to  us,  is  fully 
worth  tlie  cost  of  the  volume. — Louisville  Medical 
Review,  Nov.  1856. 


Those  who  have  occasion  for  an  elementary  trea- 
tise on  Physiology,  cannot  do  better  than  to  possess 
themselvesof  the  manual  of  Dr.  Carpenter. — Medical 
Examiner. 

The  best  and  most  complete  expose  of  modern 
Physiology,  in  one  volume,  extant  in  the  English 


BY   THE   SAME   AUTHOR. 

ELEMENTS  (OR  MANUAL)  OF  PHYSIOLOGY,  INCLUDINa  PHYSIO- 
LOGICAL ANATOMT.  Second  American,  from  a  new  and  revised  London  edition.  With 
one  hundred  and  ninety  illustrations.  In  one  very  handsome  octavo  volume,  leather,  pp.  006. 
$.3  00. 

In  publishing  the  first  edition  of  this  work,  its  title  was  altered  from  that  of  the  London  volume, 
by  the  siibstiiiition  of  the  word  "  Elements"  for  that  of  "  Manual,"  and  with  the  author's  sanction 
tlie  title  of  "  Elements"  is  still  retained  as  being  more  expressive  of  the  scope  of  the  treatise. 

To  say  that  it  is  the  best  manual  of  Physiology 
now  before  the  puhlic,  would  not  do  sufficient  justice 
to  the  !iVil\M)T.— Buffalo  Medical  Journal. 

In  his  former  works  it  would  seem  that  he  had 
exhausted  the  subjectof  Physiology.  In  the  present, 

hegivestheesseiice.asitwere,  ofthewhole.— iV.  Y.  •    „  j.     ,  , 

Journal  of  Medicine.  I  language.— S«.  Louis  Medical  Journal. 

BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR.     (Preparing.) 

PRINCIPLES  OF   GENERAL   PHYSIOLOGY,    INCLUDING   ORGANIC 

CHEMISTRY  AND   HISTOLOGV.     With   a  General  Sketch  of  the  Vegetable  and  Animal 

Kino-dom.     In  one  large  and  very  handsome  octavo  volume,  with  several  hundred  illustrations. 

The'subject  of  °-eneral  physiology  having  been  omitted  in  the  last  editions  ol  the  author's  "  Com- 

mrative  Physioloo-v"  and '''Human  Physiology,"  be  has  undertaken  to  prepare  a  volume  which 

shall  present' it  more  thoroughly  and  fully  than  has  yet  been  attempted,  and  which  may  be  regarded 

as  an  introduction  to  his  other  works. 

BY  THE   SAME   AUTHOR. 

A  PRIZE  ESSAY  ON  THE  USE  OF  ALCOHOLIC  LIQUORS  IN  HEALTH 

AND  Dl'sEASE.     New  edition,  with  a  Preface  by  D.  F.  Condie,  M.  D.,  and  explanations  of 
scientilio  words.  '  lu  one  neat  r2mo.  yolume,  extra  cloth,    pp.  178.     50  cents. 


BLANCHARD  &  LEA'S  MEDICAL 


CONDIE  (D.  F.),  M.  D.,  &c. 
A  PRACTICAL  TREATISE  ON  THE  DISEASES  OF  CHILDREN.    Fourth 

edition,  revised  and  augmented.    In  one  large  volume,  8vo.,  leather,  of  nearly  750  pages.  $3  00. 
From  the  Author's  Preface. 

The  demand  for  another  edition  has  afforded  the  author  an  opportunity  of  again  subjecting  the 
entire  treatise  to  a  careful  revision,  and  ol  incorporating  in  it  every  important  observation  recorded 
since  the  appearance  of  the  last  edition,  in  reference  to  the  pathology  and  therapeutics  of  the  several 
diseases  of  which  it  treats. 

In  the  preparation  of  the  present  edition,  as  in  those  which  have  preceded,  while  the  author  has 
appropriated  to  his  use  every  important  fact  that  he  has  (bund  recorded  in  the  works  of  others, 
having  a  direct  bearing  upon  either  of  the  subjects  of  which  he  treats,  and  tlie  numerous  valuable 
observations— pathological  as  well  as  practical— dispersed  throughout  the  pages  of  the  medical 
journals  of  Europe  and  America,  he  has,  nevertheless,  relied  chiefly  upon  his  own  observations  and 
experience,  acquired  during  a  long  and  somewhat  extensive  practice,  and  under  circumstances  pe- 
culiarlv  well  adapted  for  the  clinical  study  of  the  diseases  ofearly  life. 

Every  species  of  hypothetical  reasoning  has,  as  much  as  possible,  been  avoided.  The  author  has 
endeavored  throughout  the  work  to  confine  himself  to  a  simple  statement  of  well-ascertained  patho- 
logical facts,  and  plain  therapeutical  directions — his  chief  desire  being  to  render  it  what  its  title 
imports  it  to  be,  a  practical  treatise  on  the  diseases  of  children. 

AVe  feel  assured  from  actual  experience  that  no 
physici;in's  library  can  be  complete  witliout  a  copy 
of  this  work. — JV.  Y.  Journal  of  Medicine. 


Dr.  Condie's  scholarship,  acumen,  industry,  and 
practical  sense  are  manifested  in  this,  as  in  all  his 
numerous  contributions  to  science. — Dr.  Holmes's 
Report  to  the  American  Medical  Association. 

Taken  as  a  whole,  in  our  judgment.  Dr.  Condie's 
Treatise  is  the  one  from  the  perusal  of  wliich  the 
practitioner  in  thiscountry  will  rise  with  the  great- 
est satisfaction. — Western  Journal  of  Medicine  and 
Surgery. 

One  of  the  best  works  upon  the  Diseases  of  Chil- 
dren in  the  English  language. —  Western  Lancet. 

Perhaps  the  most  full  and  complete  work  now  be- 
fore the  professicm  of  the  United  States;  indeed,  we 
may  say  in  the  English  language.  It  is  vastly  supe- 
rior to  most  of  its  predecessors. — Transylvania  Med. 
Journal, 


A  veritable  psediatric  encyclopaedia,  and  an  honor 
to  American  medical  literature. — Ohio  Medical  and 
Surgical  Journal. 

We  feel  persuaded  that  the  American  medical  pro- 
fession will  soon  regard  it  not  only  as  a  very  good, 
but  as  the  very  best  "Practical  Treatise  on  the 
Diseases  of  Children." — American  Medical  Journal. 

We  pronounced  the  first  edition  to  be  the  best 
work  on  the  diseases  of  children  in  the  English 
language,  and,  notwithstanding  all  that  has  been 
published,  we  still  regard  it  in  that  light.— Medical 
Examiner. 


CHRISTISON  (ROBERT),  M.  D.,  V.  P.  R.  S.  E.,  &.C. 
A  DISPENSATORY;  or,  Commentary  on  the  Pharmacopoeias  of  Great  Britain 

and  the  United  States ;  comprising  the  Natural  History,  Description,  Chemistry,  Pharmacy,  Ac- 
tions, Uses,  and  Doses  of  the  Articles  of  the  Materia  Medica.  Second  edition,  revised  and  im- 
proved, with  a  Supplement  containing  the  most  important  New  Remedies.  With  copious  Addi- 
tions, and  two  hundred  and  thirteen  large  wood-engravings.  By  R.  Eglesfeld  Griffith,  M.  D. 
In  one  very  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume,  leather,  raised  bands,  of  over  1000  pages.  $3  50. 


It  is  not  needful  that  wft  should  compare  it  with 
the  otlier  pharmacopoeias  extant,  whicli  enjoy  and 
merit  the  confidence  of  the  profession  :  it  is  enough 
to  say  that  it  appears  to  us  as  perfect  as  a  Dispensa- 
tory, in  the  present  state  of  pharmaceutical  science, 
could  be  made.    If  it  omits  any  details  pertaining  to 


this  branch  of  knowledge  which  the  student  has  a 
right  to  ex|)ect  in  such  a  work,  we  confess  the  omis- 
sion has  escaped  our  scrutiny.  We  cordially  recom- 
mend this  work  to  such  of  our  readers  as  are  in  need 
of  a  Dispensatory.  They  cannot  make  choice  of  a 
better. —  Western  Journ.  of  Medicine  and  Surgery. 


COOPER  (BRANSBY  BJ,  F.  R.  S. 
LECTURES  ON  THE  PRINCIPLES   AND   PRACTICE   OF   SURGERY. 

In  one  very  large  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  750  pages.    $3  00. 


COOPER  ON  DISLOCATIONS  AND  FRAC- 
TURES OF  THE  JOINTS.— Edited  by  Bransbt 
B.  Cooper,  F.  R.  S.,  &c.  With  additional  Ob- 
servations by  Prof.  J.  C.  Warren.  A  new  Ame- 
rican editi(m.  In  one  handsome  octavo  volume, 
extra  cloth,  of  about  500  pages,  with  numerous 
illustrations  on  wood.    $3  25. 

COOPER  ON  THE  ANATOMY  AND  DISEASES 
OF  THE  BREAST,  with  twenty-five  Miscellane- 
ous and  Surgical  Papers.  One  large  volume,  im- 
perial 8vo.,  extra  cloth,  with  252  figures,  on  36 
plates.     $2  50. 

COOPER  ON  THE  STRUCTURE  AND  DIS- 
EASES OF  THE  TESTIS,  AND  ON  THE 
THYMUS  GLAND.  One  vol.  imperial  8vo.,  ex- 
tea  cloth,  with  177  figures  on  29  plates.    S2  00. 


COPLAND  ON  THE  CAUSES,  NATURE,  AND 
TREATMENT  OF  PALSY  AND  APOPLEXY. 
In  one  volume,  royal  12mo.,  extra  cloth,  pp.  .326. 
80  cents. 

CLYMER  ON  FEVERS;  THEIR  DIAGNOSIS, 
PATHOLOGY,  AND  TREATMENT  In  one 
octavo  volume,  leather,  of  600  pages.    $1  50. 

COLOMBAT  DE  L'ISERE  ON  THE  DISEASES 
OF  FEMALES,  and  on  the  special  Hygiene  of 
their  Sex.  Translated,  with  many  Notes  and  Ad- 
ditions, by  C.  D.  Meig.s,  M.  D.  Second  edition, 
revised  and  improved.  In  one  large  volume,  oc- 
tavo, leather,  with  numerous  wood-cuts.  pp.  720. 
$3  50. 


CARSON   (JOSEPH),  M.  D., 

Professor  of  Materia  Medica  and  Pharmacy  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  COURSE  OF  LECTURES  ON  MATERIA  MEDICA 

AND  PHARMACY,  delivered  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.    Second  and  revised  edi- 
tion.   In  one  very  neat  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  208  pages.     $1  50. 


AND    SCIENTIFIC   PUBLICATIONS. 


R.  I.  A. 


CHURCHILL  (FLEETWOOD),  M.  D.,  M. 
^?oJS?^  THEORY  AND  PRACTICE  OF  MIDWIFERY.  A  new  American, 

cCd  F  M^l'T'"'"':-  ^"?l''^^  '^''"'^'^-  ^'^'''"^'  ^"^^  Notes  and  Addition.,  by  D.  Francis 
nU.sh-ftionH  ^V„ """^"^  °'  ^  "Practical  Treatise  on  the  Diseases  of  Children,''  &c.  With  139 
lUUbiiations.     In  one  very  handsome  octavo  vnlnmp.  I^mh^r      ,.^  ;^in      cq  on 


A  work  of  very  great  merit,  and  such  as  we  can 
confidently  recommend  to  the  study  of  every  obste- 
tric practitioner. — London  Medical  Gazette. 

This  is  certainly  the  most  perfect  system  extant. 
It  is  the  best  adapted  for  the  purposes  of  a  text- 
Look,  and  that  which  he  whose  necessities  confine 
him  to  one  book,  should  select  in  preference  to  all 
Others. — Southern  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal. 

The  most  popular  work  on  midwifery  ever  issued 
from  the  American  press. — Charleston  Med.  Journal. 

Were  we  reduced  to  the  necessity  of  having  but 
one  work  on  midwifery,  and  permitted  to  choose, 
we  would  unhesitatingly  take  Churchill. — Western 
Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

It  is  impossible  to  conceive  a  more  useful  and 
elesant  manual  than  Dr.  Churchill's  Practice  of 
Midwifery. — Provincial  Medical  Journal. 


No  work  holds  a  higher  position,  or  is  more  de- 
serving of  being  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  tyro, 
the  advanced  student,  or  the  practitioner.— Medicai 
Examiner. 


ly  handsome  octavo  volume,  leather,  pp.510.  $3  00 
To  bestow  praise  on  a  book  that  has  received  such 
marked  approbatum  would  be  supcrHuous.  We  need 
only  say,  therefore,  that  if  the  first  editicm  was 
thought  worthy  of  a  favorable  reception  by  the 
medical  public,  we  can  confidently  affirm  that  this 
will  be  found  much  more  so.  Tlie  lecturer,  the 
practitioner,  and  the  student,  may  all  have  recourse 
to  its  pages,  and  derive  from  their  perusal  much  in- 
terest and  instruction  in  everything  relating  to  theo- 
retical and  practical  midwifery.— JDuiim  Quarterly 
Journal  of  Medical  Science. 


Previous  editions,  under  the  editorial  supervision 
of  Prof  R.  M.  Huston,  have  been  received  with 
marked  favor,  and  they  deserved  it;  but  this,  re- 
printed from  a  very  late  Dublin  edition,  carefully 
revised  and  brought  up  by  the  author  to  the  present 
time,  does  present  an  unusually  accurate  and  able 
exposition  of  every  important  particular  embraced 
in  the  department  of  midwifery.  *  *  The  clearness, 
directness,  and  precision  of  its  teachings,  together 
with  the  great  amount  of  statistical  research  which 
its  text  exhibits,  have  served  to  place  it  already  in 
the  foremost  rank  of  works  in  this  department  of  re- 
medial science.— iY.  O.  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

In  our  opinion,  it  forms  one  of  the  best  if  not  the 
very  best  text-book  and  epitome  of  obstetric  science 
which  we  at  present  possess  in  the  English  lan- 
guage.— Monthly  Journal  of  Medical  Science. 

The  clearness  and  precision  of  style  in  which  it  is 
written,  and  the  great  amount  of  statistical  research 
which  it  contains,  have  served  to  place  it  in  the  first 
rank  of  works  in  this  departinentof  medical  science. 
—  iV.  y.  Journal  of  Medicine. 


Few  treatises  will  be  found  better  adapted  as  a 
text-book  for  the  student,  or  as  a  manual  for  the 

Certainly,  in  our  opinion,  the  very  best  work  on    frequent  consultation  of  the  young  practitioner. 

the  subject  which  exists. — JV.  Y.  Annalist.  \  American  Medical  Journal. 


BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR.     (Just  Issued.) 

ON  THE  DISEASES  OF  INFANTS   AND  CHILDREN.     Second  American 

Edition,  revised  and  enlarged  by  the  author.    Edited,  with  Notes,  by  W.  V.  Keating,  M.  D.    In 

one  large  and  handsome  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  over  700  pages.     $3  00,  or  in  leather,  $3  25. 

In  preparing  this  work  a  second  time  for  the  American  profession,  the  author  has  spared  no 
labor  in  giving  it  a  very  thorough  revision,  introducing  several  new  chapters,  and  rewriting  others, 
while  every  portion  of  the  volume  has  been  subjected  to  a  severe  scrutiny.  The  efforts  of  the 
American  editor  have  been  directed  to  supplying  such  information  relative  to  matters  peculiar 
to  this  country  as  might  have  escaped  the  attention  of  the  author,  and  the  whole  may,  there- 
fore, be  safely  pronounced  one  of  the  most  complete  works  on  the  subject  accessible  to  the  Ame- 
rican Profession.  By  an  alteration  in  the  size  of  the  page,  these  very  extensive  additions  have 
been  accommodated  without  unduly  increasing  the  size  of  the  work. 

A  few  notices  of  the  former  edition  are  subjoined  : — 

We  regard  this  volume  as  possessing  more  claims 
to  completeness  than  any  other  of  the  kind  with 
which  we  are  acquainted.     Most  cordially  and  ear- 


nastly ,  therefore,  do  we  commend  it  to  our  profession 
al  brethren,  and  we  feel  assured  that  the  stamp  of 
their  approbaticm  will  indue  time  be  impressed  upon 
it.  After  an  attentive  perusal  of  its  contents,  we 
hesitate  not  to  say,  that  it  is  one  of  the  most  com- 
prehensive ever  written  up<m  the  diseases  of  chil- 
dren, and  that,  for  copiousness  of  reference,  extent  of 
research,  and  perspicuity  of  detail,  it  is  scarcely  to 
be  equalled,  and  not  to  be  excelled,  in  any  lan- 
guage.— Dublin  (.Quarterly  Journal. 


The  present  volume  will  sustain  the  reputation 
acquired  by  the  author  from  his  previous  works. 
The  reader  will  find  in  it  full  and  judicious  direc- 
tions for  the  management  of  infants  at  birth,  and  a 
compendious,  but  cle^ir  account  of  the  diseases  to 
which  children  are  liable,  and  the  most  successl'ul 
mode  of  treating  them.  We  must  not  close  this  no- 
tice without  calling  attention  to  the  author's  style, 
which  is  perspicuous  and  polished  to  a  degree,  we 
regret  to  say,  not  generally  characteristic  of  medical 
works.  We  recommend  the  work  of  Dr.  Churchill 
most  cordially,  both  to  students  and  practitioners, 
as  a  valuable  and  reliable  guide  in  the  treatment  of 
,  ^  the  diseases  of  children. — Am.  Joum.  of  the  Med. 
After  this  meagre,  and  we  know,  very  imperfect  sciences. 
notice  of  Dr.  Churchill's  work,  we  shall  conclude 

by  sayin"-,  that  it  is  one  that  cannot  fail  from  its  co-        We  know  of  no  work  on  this  department  of  Prac- 
piousness,  extensive  research,  and  general  accuracy,  ]  tical  Medicine  which  presents  so  candid  and  unpre- 
to  exalt  still  hi-'her  the  reputation  of  the  author  in  '  judiced   a   statement  or   posting   up  of  our  actual 
this  country.     The  American  reader  willbenarticu-  i  knowledgeas  this. — N.  Y.  Journal  of  Medicine. 
larly  pleased  to  find  that  Dr.  Churchill  has  done  full 

justice  throughout  his  work  to  the  various  American  Its  claims  to  merit  both  as  a  scientific  and  practi- 
authors  on  tliis  subject.  The  names  of  Dewecs,  cal  work,  are  of  the  highest  order.  Whilst  we 
Eberle  Condie,  anil  Stewart,  occur  on  nearly  every  would  not  elevate  it  above  every  other  treatise  on 
pao^e  and  these  authors  are  cimstantly  referred  toby  i  the  same  subject,  we  certainly  believe  that  very  few 
the  author  in  terms  of  the  highest  praise,  and  with  are  equal  to  it,  and  none  superior. — Southern  Med. 
the  most  liberal  courtesy. — the  Medical  Examiner.  I  and  Surgical  Journal. 


BY   THE   SA.ME  AUTHOR. 


ESSAYS  ON  THE  PUERPERAL  FEVER,  AND  OTHER  DISEASES  PE- 

CULI.'VR  TO  WOMEN.     Selected  from  the  wrilingsof  British  Authors  previous  to  the  close  of 
the  Ei'^hteenth  Century.    In  one  neat  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  about  4-50  pages.     $2  50. 


10 


BLANCHARD    &    LEA'S    MEDICAL. 


CHURCHILL  (FLEETWOOD),    M .  D.,  M.  R.  I .  A.,    &.c. 
ON  THE  DISEASES  OF  WOBIEN;  including  tliose  of  Pregnancy  and  Child- 

bed.  A  new  American  edition,  revised  by  the  Author.  With  Notes  and  Additions,  by  D  P'ran- 
cis  CoNDiE,  M.  D.,  author  of  "A  Practical  Treatise  on  the  Diseases  oCOhildren."  \V'iih  nume- 
rous illustrations.  Tn  one  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume,  leather,  ol' 768  pages.  i^Now  Ready, 
May,  1857.)    $3  00. 

This  edition  of  Dr.  Churchill's  very  popular  treatise  may  almost  be  termed  a  new  work",  so 
thoroughly  has  he  revised  it  in  every  portion.  It  will  be  (bund  g:reatly  enlarged,  and  thoroughly 
brought  up  to  the  most  recent  condition  of  the  subject,  while  the  very  handsome  series  of  illustra- 
tions introduced,  representing  such  pathological  conditions  as  can  be  accurately  portrayed,  present 
a  novel  feature,  and  afford  valuable  assistance  to  the  young  j)ractilioncr.  Such  additions  as  ap- 
peared desirable  for  the  Ameiican  student  have  been  made  by  the  editor.  Dr.  Condie,  while  a 
marked  improvement  in  the  mechanical  execution  keeps  pace  with  the  advance  in  all  other  respects 
which  the  volume  has  undergone,  while  the  price  has  been  kept  at  the  former  very  moderate  rate. 
A  few  notices  of  the  former  edition  are  subjoined  : — 


We  now  regretfully  take  leave  of  Dr.  Churchill's 
book.  Had  our  tj'pojfrapliical  limits  permitted,  we 
should  gladly  have  borrowed  more  from  its  richly 
stored  pages.  In  conclusion,  we  heartily  recom- 
mend it  to  the  profession,  and  would  at  the  same 
time  express  our  firm  conviction  that  it  will  not  only 
add  to  the  reputation  of  its  author,  l)ut  will  prove  a 
work  of  great  and  extensive  utility  to  obstetric 
practitioners. — Dublin  Medical  Press. 

Former  editions  of  this  work  have  been  noticed  in 
previous  numbers  of  the  Journal.  The  sentiments  of 
hi^h  commendation  expressed  in  those  notices,  have 
only  to  be  repeated  in  this;  not  from  the  fact  that 
the  profession  at  large  are  not  aware  of  tlie  high 
merits  which  tliis  work  really  possesses,  but  from  a 
desire  to  see  the  principles  and  doctrines  therein 
contained  more  generally  recognized,  and  more  uni- 
versally earned  out  in  practice. — N.  Y.  Journal  of 
Medicine. 

We  know  of  no  author  who  deserves  that  appro- 
bation, on  "the  diseases  of  females,"  to  the  same 
extent  that  Dr.  Churchill  does.  His,  indeed,  is  the 
only  thorough  treatise  we  know  of  on  the  sulijeet; 
and  it  may  be  commended  to  practitioners  and  stu- 
dents as  a  masterpiece  in  its  particular  department. 
The  former  editions  of  this  work  have  been  com- 
mended strongly  in  this  journal,  and  they  have  won 
their  way  to  an  extended,  and  a  well-deserved  popu- 


larity. This  fifth  edition,  before  us.  is  well  calcu- 
lated to  maintain  Dr.  Churchill's  high  reputation. 
It  was  revised  and  enlarged  by  the  author,  for  his 
American  pulilishers,  and  it  seems  to  us  that  there  is 
scarcely  any  species  of  desirable  information  on  its 
subjects  that  may  not  be  found  in  this  work. — 2'ht 
Western  Journal  of  Medicine  and  Surgery. 

We  are  eratified  to  announce  a  new  and  revised 
edition  of  Dr.  Churchill's  valuable  work  on  the  dis- 
eases of  females  We  have  ever  regarded  it  as  one 
of  the  very  best  works  on  the  subjects  embraced 
within  its  scope,  in  the  Knglish  language;  and  the 
present  edition,  enlarged  and  revised  l)y  the  author, 
renders  it  still  more  entitled  to  the  e(mfidence  of  the 
profession.  The  valuable  notes  of  Prof.  Huston 
have  bien  retained,  and  contribute,  in  no  small  de- 
gree, to  enhance  the  value  of  the  work.  It  is  a 
source  of  congratulation  that  the  publisliers  have 
permitted  the  author  to  be,  in  this  instance,  his 
own  editor,  thus  securing  all  the  revision  which 
an  author  alone  is  capable  of  making. — The  Weslern 
Lancet. 

Asa  comprehensive  manual  for  students,  or  a 
work  of  reference  for  practiti(mers,  we  only  speak 
with  common  justice  when  we  say  that  it  surpasses 
any  other  that  has  ever  issued  on  the  same  sub- 
ject from  the  Uritish  press. — The  Dublin  Quarterlf 
Journal. 


DICKSON   (S.    H.),    M.  D., 

Professor  of  Institutes  and  Practice  of  Medicine  in  the  Medical  College  of  South  Carolina. 

ELEMENTS  OF  MEDICINE;   a  Compendious  View  of  Pathology  and  Thera- 

penlics,  or  the  History  and  Treatment  of  Diseases.     In  one  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume, 

of  7-50  pages,  leather      (Lately  Issued.)     $3  75. 

As  an  American  text- book  on  the  Practice  of  Medicine  for  the  student,  and  as  a  condensed  work 
of  reference  for  the  practitioner,  this  volume  will  have  strong  claims  on  the  attention  oft  he  profession. 
Few  physicians  have  had  wider  opportunities  than  the  author  for  observation  and  experience,  and 
few  perhaps  have  used  thein  better.  As  the  result  of  a  life  of  study  and  practice,  therefore,  the 
present  volume  will  doubtless  be  received  with  the  welcome  it  deserves. 

This  book  is  eminently  what  it  professes  to  he  ;  a 
distinguished  merit  in  these  days.  Designed  for 
"  Te.Tchers  and  Students  of  Medicine,"  and  admira- 


bly suited  totheir  wants,  we  think  it  will  be  received, 
on  its  own  merits,  with  a  hearty  welcome. — Boston 
Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

Indited  by  one  of  tlie  most  accomplished  writers 
of  our  country,  as  well  as  by  one  who  has  long  held 
a  high  position  among  teachers  and  practitioners  of 
medicine,  this  work  is  entitled  to  patronau;e  and 
careful  study.  The  learned  author  has  endeavored 
to  condense  in  this  volume  most  of  the  practical 
matter  contained  in  his  former  productions,  so  as  to 
adapt  it  to  the  use  of  those  wlio  have  not  time  to 
devote  to  more  extensive  works. — Southern  Med.  and 
Surg.  Journal. 

AVe  can  strongly  recommend  Dr.  Dickson's  work 
to  our  readers  as  one  of  interest  and  practical  utility, 
well  deserving  of  a  place  in  their  libraries  as  a  book 
of  referenct  ;  and  we  especially  commend  the  first 
part  as  presenting  an  admirable  outline  of  the  princi- 
ples of  medicine. — Dublin  Quarterly  Journal,  Feb. 
18,5(5 

This  volume,  w^hile  as  its  title  denotes  it  is  a 
compendious  view,  is  also  a  comprehensive  system 
of  practice,  perspicuously  and  pleasantly  written, 
and  admirably  suited  to  engage  the  interest,  and  in- 
struct the  reader. — Peninsular  Journal  of  Medicine, 
Jan.  1S56. 


Prof.  Dickson's  work  supplies,  to  a  great  extent, 
a  desideratum  long  felt  in  American  medicine. — N. 
O.  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 


Estimating  tliis  work  according  to  the  purpose  for 
whicli  it  is  designed,  we  must  think  highly  of  its 
merits,  and  we  have  no  hesitation  in  predicl-ing  for 
it  a  favorable  reception  by  both  student  sand  teaciiers. 

Not  professing  to  be  a  complete  and  comprehensive 
treatise,  it  will  not  be  found  full  in  detail,  nor  filled 
with  discussions  of  theories  and  opinitms,  but  em- 
br;icing  all  that  is  essential  in  theory  and  practice, 
it  is  admirably  ailapted  to  the  wants  of  the  American 
student.  Avoiding  all  that  is  uncertain,  it  presents 
more  clearly  to  the  mind  of  the  reader  that  which  is 
established  and  verified  by  experience.  The  varied 
and  extensive  reading  of  the  author  is  conspicuously 
apparent,  and  all  the  recent  improvements  and  dis- 
coveries in  therapeutics  and  patholo<jy  are  chroni- 
cled in  its  pages. — Charleston  Med.  Journal. 

In  the  first  part  of  the  work  the  subject  of  gene- 
ral pathology  is  presented  in  outline,  giving  a  bi  au- 
tiful  picture  of  its  distinguishing  features,  and 
throughout  the  succeeding  cliapters  we  find  that  he 
has  kept  scrupulously  within  the  bounds  of  sound 
reascming  and  legitimate  deduition.  Upon  the 
whole,  we  do  not  hesitate  to  pronounce  it  a  superior 
work  in  its  class,  and  that  Dr.  Diekson  merits  a 
place  in  the  first  rank  of  American  writers. —  Western 
Lancet. 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS. 


11 


Amer^-T^  ?^^P-^  ^^^  PRACTICE   OF  MODERN   SURGERY.     A  new 

-Mnor  V™/''%''"^7r'"  ^^""''""  *"'''"""■     ^'^'■"^^"  IwF.W.  Sarcent,  M.  D.,  author  of 
one  vlrv  hnnTl    .V;   I         •    I"','^'""ed  ^"h  o.ie  hu.ul.c.1  aiul  ninety-three  wmHl-eiigravmgs.     In 
one  very  hatid^omely  printed  octavo  volume,  leather,  of  576  large  pages.     $3  00. 
P:''.;_P'',"'*A'^. '■^^'^^'"''''es.""'"  the  literature  of  his 


Bul)ject  hdve  been  not  only  extensive,  but  well  d 
rec'ted  ;  the  most  discordant  authors  are  fairly  and 
impartially  quoted,  and,  while  due  credit  is  ffiven 
to  each,  their  respective  merits  are  wein-hed  with 
an  unprejudiced  h;ind.  The  jfrain  of  wheat  is  pre- 
served, and  the  chatr  is  unmeicit"ully  stripped  off. 
The  arrangement  is  simple  and  philosophical,  and 
the  style,  though  clear  and  interesting,  is  so  precise, 
that  the  book  contains  more  informntion  C(m(k-nsed 
into  a  few  words  than  any  other  surgical  work  with 
wiiich  we  are  acquainlnd.— London  Medical  2'itiies 
and  Gazette. 

No  work,  in  our  opinion,  equals  it  in  presenting 
BO  much  valuable  surgical  matter  in  so  small  a 
compass. — St.  Louis  Med.  and  Surgical  Journal. 

Druitt's  Surgery  is  too  well  known  to  the  Ameri- 
can medical  professi(m  to  rc(|uire  its  announcement 
anywhere.  Probably  no  work  of  tlie  kind  has  ever 
been  more  cordially  received  and  extensively  circu- 
lated than  this.  The  fact  that  it  comprehends  in  a 
comparatively  small  compass,  all  the  essential  ele- 
ments of  theoretical  and  practical  Surgery — that  it 
is  found  to  contain  reliable  and  authentic  informa- 
tion <m  the  nature  and  treatment  of  nearly  all  surgi- 
cal affections — is  a  sufTicient  reason  for  the  liberal 
patronage  it  has  obtained.  The  editor.  Dr.  F.  \V. 
Snrffent,  has  contributed  much  to  enhance  the  value 
of  the  work,  by  such  American  improvements  as  are 
calculated  more  perfectly  to  adapt  it  to  our  own 
views  and  practice  in  this  country.  It  abounds 
everywhere  with  spirited  and  life-like  illustrations, 
which  to  the  young  sursjeon,  especially,  are  of  no 
minor  consideration.  Every  medical  man  frequently 
nieds  just  such  a  work  as  this,  for  immediate  refer- 
ence in  moments  of  sudden  emer<irency,  when  he  has 
not  time  to  consult  more  elaborate  treatises. — The 
Ohio  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal. 

The  author  has  evidently  ransacked  every  stand- 
ard treatise  of  ancient  and  modern  times,  and  all  that 


18  really  practically  useful  at  the  bedside  will  be 
found  in  a  form  at  once  clear,  distinct,  and  interest- 
ing.—£rf(n6urg'/i  Monthly  Medical  Journal. 

Druitt's  work,  condensed,  systematic,  lucid,  and 
practical  as  it  is,  beyond  most  works  on  Surgery 
accessible  to  the  American  student,  has  had  much 
currency  in  this  country,  and  under  its  present  au- 
spices promises  to  rise  to  yet  hiprher  favor.— rA« 
Western  Journal  of  Medicine  and  Surgery. 

The  most  accurate  and  ample  resume  of  the  pre- 
sent state  of  Surj^ery  thatwe  areacquainted  with.— 
Dublin  Medical  Journal. 

_  A  better  book  on  the  principles  and  practice  of 
Surgery  as  now  understood  in  Kiigland  and  America, 
has  not  been  given  to  the  profession. — Boston  Medi- 
cal and  Surgical  Journal. 

An  unsurpassable  compendium,  not  only  of  Sur- 
gical, but  of  Medical  Practice.- London  Medical 
Gazette. 

This  work  merits  our  warmest  commendationsj 
and  we  strongly  recommend  it  to  young  surgeons  as 
an  admirable  digest  of  the  principles  and  practice  of 
modern  Surgery. — Medical  Gazette. 

It  maybe  said  with  truth  that  the  work  of  Mr. 
Druitt  affords  a  complete,  though  brief  and  con- 
densed view,  of  the  entire  field  of  modern  surgery. 
We  know  of  no  work  on  the  same  subject  having  the 
appearance  of  a  manual,  which  includes  so  many 
topics  of  interest  to  the  surgeon  ;  and  the  terse  man- 
ner in  which  each  has  been  treated  evinces  a  most 
enviable  quality  of  mind  on  the  part  of  the  author, 
who  seems  to  have  an  innate  power  of  searching 
out  and  grasping  the  leading  facts  and  features  of 
the  most  elaborate  productions  of  the  pen.  It  is  a 
useful  handbook  for  the  practitioner,  and  we  should 
deem  a  teacher  of  surgery  unpardonable  who  did  not 
recommend  it  to  his  pupils.  In  our  own  opinicm,  it 
is  admirably  adapted  to  the  wants  of  the  student. — 
Provincial  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal. 


DUNGLISON,    FORBES,   TWEEDIE,   AND   CONOLLY. 
THE  CYCLOPAEDIA  OF  PRACTICAL  MEDICINE:  compri.sing Treatises  on 

the  Nature  and  Treatment  of  Diseases,  Materia  Medica,  and  Therapeutics,  Diseases  of  Women 
and  Children,  Medical  Jurisprudence,  &c.  fee.      In  four  large  sujier-royal  octavo  volumes,  of 
3254  double-columned  pages,  strongly  and  handsomely  bound,  with  raised  bands.     $12  00. 
*^*  This  work  contains  no  less  than  four  hundred  and  eighteen  distinct  treatises,  contributed  by 

sixty-eight  distinguished  physicians,  rendering  it  a  complete  library  of  reference  for  the  coimtry 

practitioner. 
The  most  complete  work  on  Practical  Medicine  I  titioner.     This  estimate  of  it  has  not  been  formed 

extant;    or,   at   least,   in    our    language.— £Mi?"a/o  |  from  a  hasty  examinaticm,  but  after  an  intimate  ac- 

Medical  and  Surgical  Journal.  i  quaintance  derived  from  frequent  consultation  of  it 

c.  r  t  •.[..,  ,11  „_•„„<•„«,.„_.,„,„.>    I  durinff  tlie  past  nine  or  ten  years.     The  editors  are 

t  or  reference,  it  is  above  all  price  to  every  prac-    „raetrtioners  of  established  reputi 


titioner. — Western  Lancet. 

One  of  the  most  valuable  medical  publications  of 
the  day — as  a  work  of  reference  it  is  invaluable. — 
Western  Journal  of  Medicine  and  Surgery. 

It  has  been  to  us,  both  as  learner  and  teacher,  a 
work  for  ready  and  frequent  reference,  one  in  which 
modem  English  medicine  is  cxlubited  in  the  most 
advantageous  light. — Medical  Examiner. 

We  rejoice  that  this  work  is  to  be  placed  within 
the  reach  of  the  profession  in  this  country,  it  bein 


reputation,  and  the  list 
of  contributors  embraces  many  of  the  most  eminent 
professors  and  teachers  of  Londtm,  Edinburgh,  Dub- 
lin, and  Glasgow.  It  is,  indeed,  the  great  merit  of 
this  work  that  the  principal  articles  have  been  fur- 
nished by  practitioners  who  have  not  only  devoted 
especial  attention  to  the  diseases  about  which  they 
have  written,  but  have  also  enjoyed  opportunities 
for  an  extensive  practical  acquaintance  \vith  tliem, 
and  ^vhose  reputation  carries  the  assurance  of  their 
competency  justly  to  appreciate  the  opinions  of 
others,  while  it  stamps  their  own   doctrines  with 


unquestionably  one  of  very  great  value  to  the  prac-  I  high  and  just  authority. — American  Medical  Journ 


DEWEES'S  COMPREHENSIVE    SYSTEM   OF 
MIDWIFERY.     Illustrated  by  occasional  cases 
and  many  engravings.     Twelfth  edition,  with  the 
author's  last  improvements  and   corrections      In  | 
one  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  GOO  pages.  US  20. 

DFWFFSS   TREATISE   OM   THE    PHYSICAL 
AND   MEDICAL   TREATMENT   OF    CHILD- 
RE.\.     Tenth   edition.     In   one  volume,  octavo,  i 
extra  cloth,  518  pages.     S^  SO. 

DFWEESS  TREATISE  ON  THE  DISEASES 
OF  FE.M-VI'I'-S.  Tentli  edition.  In  one  volume, 
octavo,'extra  cloth,  532  pages,  with  plates.  $3  00.  I 


DANA  ON  ZOOPHYTES  AND  CORALS.     In  one 

volume,  imperial  quarto,  extra  cloth,  with  wood- 
cuts. »15  m.  Also,  AN  ATLAS,  in  one  volume, 
imperial  folio,  with  sixty-one  magnificent  colored 
plates.    Bound  in  half  morocco.     830  00. 

DE  LA  BECHE'S  GEOLOGICAL  OI5SERVER. 
In  one  very  larofeand  handsome  octavo  volume,  ex- 
tra cloth,  of  700  pages,  with  300  wood-cuts.  S4  00. 

FRICK  O.N  RENAL  AFFECTIONS;  their  Diag- 
nosis and  Pathology.  With  illustrations.  One 
volume,  royal  12m().,  extra  cloth.     75  centB. 


12 


BLANCHARD    &    LEA'S    MEDICAL 


DUNGLISON    (ROBLEY),    M.D., 

Professor  of  Institutes  of  Medicine  in  the  Jefferson  IVIeilieal  College,  Pliiladelpliia. 

NEW  AND  ENLARGED  EDITION,  Now  Ready. 
MEDICAL   MXTCON;   a  Dictionary  of  IMcdical  Science,  containing  a  concise 

Explanation  of  the  varions  Subjects  and  Terms  of  Anatomy,  Physiology,  Palhology,  Hygiene, 
Therapeutics   Pharmacology,  Pharmacy,  i->ingery,  Olisietrics,  Meilical  Jiirispriidence',  Dcruisiry, 
(fee.     Notices  of  Climate  and  of  Mineral  Waters;  Formulae  for  Olficinal,  Empirical,  and  ])ioietic 
Preparations,  &c.     With  French  and  other  Synonymes.     Fifteenth  edition,  revised  and  very 
greatly  enlarged.     In  one  very  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume,  of  992  double-columned  pages, 
in  small  type ;  strongly  bound  in  leather,  with  raised  bands.     Piice  f4  00. 
No  care,  labor,  or  expense  has  been  s- pared  in  the  preparation  of  this  edition  to  render  it  in  every 
respect  worthy  a  continuance  of  the  very  remarkable  favor  which  it  has  hitherto  enjoyed.     The 
rapid  sale  of  Fifteen  large  editions,  and  the  constantly  increasing  demand,  show  that  it  is  regarded 
by  (he  profession  as  the  standard  authority.     Stimulated  by  this  tact,  the  author  has  endeavored  in 
the  present  revision  to  introduce  whatever  might  be  necessary  to  render  it  a  complete  exposition  of 
JMedical  Terminology  in  the  advanced  condition  of  all  the  collateral  sciences.     To  accoiTi|)lish  this, 
large  additions  have  been  found  requisite,  and  the  extent  of  the  author's  labors  may  be  estimated 
from  the  fact  that  about  Six  Thot'sand  subjects  and  terms  have  been  introduced  throughout,  ren- 
dering the  whole  number  of  definitions  about  Sixty  Thousand.     To  accommodate  these  additions, 
the  number  of  pages  has  been  increased  by  nearly  a  himdred,  notwiihstandnig  an  enlargement  in 
the  size  of  the  page,  and  the  author  trusts  that  he  has  succeeded  in  the  endeavor  to  render  it  a  com- 
plete and  accurate  lexicon,  presenting  clear  and  satisfactory  definitions  of  all  the  terms  which  have 
been  legitimated  in  medical  science.     By  the  unanimous  verdict  of  the  medical  press,  both  in  this 
country  and  in  England,  the  work  has  been  pronounced  indispensable  to  all  medical  students  and 
practitioners,  and  the  piesent  improved  edition  will  not  lose  that  enviable  reputation. 

The  publishers  have  endeavored  to  render  the  mechanical  execution  worthy  of  a  volume  of  such 
universal  use  in  daily  reference.  The  greatest  care  has  been  exercised  to  obtain  the  typographical 
accuracy  so  necesi-ary  in  a  work  of  the  kind.  By  the  small  but  exceedingly  clear  type  employed, 
an  immense  amount  oi  matter  is  condensed  in  its  thousand  ample  pages,  while  the  binding  will  be 
found  strong  and  durable.  With  all  these  improvements  and  enlargements,  the  price  has  been  kept 
at  the  former  very  moderate  rate,  placing  it  within  the  reach  of  all. 

AVe  welcome  it  cordially ;  it  is  an  admirable  work, 
and  indispensable  to  all  literary  medical  men.  The 
labor  which  has  been  bestowed  upon  it  is  something 
prodigious.  The  wfork,  however,  has  now  been 
done,  and  we  are  happy  in  the  thought  that  no  hu- 
man being  will  have  again  to  undertake  the  same 
gigantic  task.  Revised  and  corrected  from  time  to 
time.  Dr.  Dunglison's  "  Medical  Lexicon"  will  last 
for  centuries. — British  and  Foreign  Med.-Chirurg. 
Review. 

The  fact  that  this  excellent  and  learned  work  has 
passed  through  eight  editions,  and  that  a  ninth  is 
rendered  necessary  by  the  demands  of  the  public, 
affords  a  sufficient  evidence  of  the  general  apprecia- 
tion of  Dr.  Dunglison's  labors  by  the  medical  pro- 
fession in  England  and  America.  It  is  a  book  wliich 
will  be  of  great  service  to  the  student,  in  teaching 
him  the  meaning  of  all  the  technical  terms  used  in 
medicine,  and  will  be  of  no  less  use  to  the  practi- 
tioner who  desires  to  keep  himself  on  a  level  with 
the  advance  of  medical  science. — London  Medical 
Times  and  Gazette. 

In  taking  leave  of  our  author,  we  feel  compelled 
to  confess  that  his  work  bears  evidence  of  almost 
incredible  labor  having  been  bestowed  upon  its  com- 
position.— Edinburgh  Journal  of  Med.  Science. 

A  miracle  of  labor  and  industry  in  (me  who  has 
written  able  and  voluminous  works  on  nearly  every 
branch  of  medical  science.  There  could  be  no  more 
useful  book  to  the  student  or  practitioner,  in  the 
present  advancing  age,  than  <me  in  which  would  be 
found,  in  addition  to  the  ordinary  meaning  and  deri- 
vatiim  of  medical  terms — so  many  of  which  are  of 
modern  introduction — concise  descriptions  of  their 
exj)lanation  and  employment;  and  all  this  and  much 
more  is  contained  in  the  volume  before  us.  It  is 
therefore  almost  as  indispensable  to  the  other  learned 
professions  as  to  our  own.  In  fact,  to  all  who  may 
have  occasion  to  ascertain  the  meaning  of  any  word 
belonging  to  the  many  branches  of  medicine.  From 
a  careful  examination  of  the  present  edition,  we  can 
vouch  for  its  accuracy,  and  for  its  bein^  brought 
quite  up  to  thedate  of  publication  ;  theautlior  states 
in  his  preface  that  he  has  added  to  it  about  four  thou- 
sand terms,  which  are  not  to  be  found  in  the  prece- 
ding one.  —  Dublin  Quarterly  Journal  of  Medical 
Sciences. 

On  the  appearance  of  the  last  edition  of  this 
valuable  work,  we  directed  the  attention  of  our 


readers  to  its  peculiar  merits;  and  we  need  do 
little  more  than  state,  in  reference  to  the  present 
reissue,  that,  notwithstanding  the  large  additions 
previously  made  to  it,  no  fewer  than  four  thou- 
sand terms,  not  to  be  found  in  the  preceding  edi- 
tion, are  contained  in  the  volume  before  us. — 
Whilst  it  is  a  wonderful  monument  of  its  author's 
erudition  and  industry,  it  is  also  a  work  of  great 
practical  utility,  as  we  can  testify  from  our  own 
experience;  for  we  keep  it  constantly  within  our 
reach,  and  make  very  frequent  reference  to  it, 
nearly  always  finding  in  it  the  information  we  seek. 
— British  and  Foreign  Med.-Chirurg.  Review. 

It  has  the  rare  merit  that  it  certainly  has  no  rival 
in  the  English  language  for  accuracy  and  extent 
of  references.  The  terms  generally  include  short 
physiological  and  pathological  descriptions,  so  that, 
as  the  author  justly  observes,  the  reader  does  not 
possess  in  this  work  a  mere  dictionary,  but  a  book, 
which,  while  it  instructs  him  in  medical  etymo- 
logy, furnishes  him  with  a  large  amount  of  useful 
information.  The  author's  labors  have  been  pro- 
perly appreciated  by  his  own  countrymen  ;  and  we 
can  only  confirm  their  judgment,  by  recommending 
this  most  useful  volume  to  the  notice  of  our  cisat- 
lantic readers.  No  medical  library  will  be  complete 
without  it. — London  Med.  Gazette. 

It  is  certainly  more  complete  and  comprehensive 
than  any  with  which  ■we  are  acquainted  in  the 
English  language.  Few,  in  fact,  could  be  found 
better  qualified  than  Dr.  Dunglison  for  the  produc- 
tion of  such  a  work.  Learned,  industrious,  per- 
severing, and  accurate,  he  brings  to  the  task  all 
the  peculiar  talents  necessary  for  its  successful 
performance;  while,  at  the  same  time,  his  fami- 
liarity vi'ith  the  writings  of  the  ancient  and  modern 
"  masters  of  our  art,"  renders  him  skilful  to  note 
the  exact  usage  of  the  several  terms  of  science, 
and  the  various  modifications  which  medical  term- 
inology has  undergone  with  the  change  of  theo- 
ries or  the  progress  of  improvement.  —  American 
Journal  of  the  Medical  Sciences. 

One  of  the  most  complete  and  copious  known  to 
the  cultivators  of  medical  science. — Boston  Med. 
Journal . 

The  most  comprehensive  and  best  English  Dic- 
tionary of  medical  terms  extant. — Buffalo  Medical 
Journal. 


BY   THE  SAME   AUTHOR. 


THE  PRACTICE  OF  MEDICINE.     A  Treatise  on  Special  Pathology  and  The- 

rapeutics.     Third  Edition.     In  twolarge  octavo  volumes,  leather,  of  1,000  pages.     $6  25. 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS.  13 


DUNGLISON    (ROBLEY),    M.D., 

TTTTUT  *  -NT      it?,",''  "*"  Iist't" tes  of  Medicinc  in  the  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia. 

HUMAN    PHYSIOLOGY.      Eighth   edition.      Thoroughly  revised    and  exten- 
sively modified  and  enlarged,  with  five  hundred  and  thirty-two  illustrations.     In  two  lar?e  and 
handsomely  printed  octavo  volumes,  leather,  of  about  l.'JOO  pages.     {Just  Issued,  1856.)      S7  00. 
In  revising  this  work  for  its  eighth  appearance,  the  author  has  spared  no  labor  to  render  it  worthy 
a  continuanne  of  the  very  great  favor  which  has  been  extended  to  it  by  the  profession.     The  whole 
contents  have  been  rearranged,  and  to  a  great  extent  remodelled  ;  the  investigations  which  of  late 
years  have  been  so  numerous  and  so  important,  have  been  carefully  examined  and  incorporated, 
and  the  work  in  every  respect  has  been  brought  up  to  a  level  with  tlie  present  slate  of  the  subject. 
The  object  of  the  author  has  been  to  render  it  a  concise  but  comprehensive  treatise,  containing  the 
whole  body  of  physiological  science,  to  which  the  student  and  man  of  s(!ience  can  at  all  limes  refer 
with  Ihe  certainly  of  finding  whatever  they  are  in  search  of,  fully  presented  in  all  its  aspects;  and 
on  no  former  edition  has  the  author  bestowed  more  labor  to  secure  this  result. 

A  similar  improvement  will  be  found  in  the  typographical  execution  of  the  volumes,  which,  in 
this  respect,  are  superior  to  their  predecessors.  A  large  number  of  additional  wood-cuts  have  been 
introduced,  and  the  series  of  illustrations  has  been  greatly  modified  by  the  substitution  of  many 
now  ones  for  such  as  were  not  deemed  satisfactory.  By  an  enlargement  of  the  page,  these  very 
considerable  additions  have  been  accommodated  without  increasing  the  size  of  the  volumes  to  an 
extent  to  render  them  unwieldy. 

The  best  work  of  the  kind  in  the  English  lan- 
guage.— Sillinian''s  Journal, 

The  present  edition  the  author  has  made  a  perfect 
mirror  of  the  science  as  it  is  at  the  present  hour. 
As  a  work  upon  physiology  proper,  the  science  of 
the  functions  performed  by  the  body,  the  studeiit  will 
find  it  all  he  wishes. — Nashville  Journ.  of  Med. 
Sept.  1856. 

That  he  has  succeeded,  most  admirably  succeeded 
in  his  purpose,  is  apparent  from  the  appearance  of 
an  eiglilh  edition.  It  is  now  the  great  encyclopmlia 
on  the  subject,  and  worthy  of  a  place  in  every  phy- 
sician's library. —  Western  Lancet,  Sept.  1656. 

BY   THE   SAME   AUTHOR.      (NoVf  Re'llly .) 

GENERAL    THEKAPEUTICS    AND    MATERIA  MEDICA;   adapted  for  a 

Medical  Text-book.  With  Indexes  of  Eemedies  and  of  Diseases  and  their  Remedies.  Sixth 
Edition,  revised  and  improved.  With  one  hundred  and  ninety-three  illustrations.  In  two  large 
and  handsomely  printed  octavo  vols.,  leather,  of  about  HOG  pages.    $G  00. 

Frovi  the  Author^  s  T  re  face. 
"Another  edition  of  this  work  being  called  for,  the  author  has  subjected  it  to  a  thorough  and  careful 
revi-ion.  It  has  been  gratifying  to  him  that  it  has  been  found  so  extensively  useful  by  those  for  whom 
it  was  especially  intended,  as  to  require  (hat  asi^th  edition  should  be  issued  in  so  short  a  time  afier 
the  publication  of  a  fifth.  Grateful  for  the  favoTable  reception  of  the  work  by  the  profession,  he  has 
bestowed  on  the  preparation  of  the  present  edition  all  those  cares  which  were  demanded  by  the 
former  editions,  and  has  spared  no  pains  to  render  it  a  faithful  epitome  of  General  Therapeutics 
and  Materia  Medica.  The  copious  Indexes  of  Remedies  and  of  Diseases  and  tlieir  Remedies  can- 
not fail,  the  author  conceives,  to  add  inatcrially  to  the  value  of  the  work." 

This  work  is  too  widely  and  too  favorably  known  to  require  more  than  the  assurance  that  the 
author  has  revised  it  with  his  customary  industry,  introducing  whatever  has  been  found  necessary 
to  brin"-  it  on  a  level  with  the  most  advanced  condition  of  the  subject.  The  number  ol  illustrations 
has  been  somewhat  enlarged,  and  the  mechanical  execution  of  the  volumes  will  be  found  to  have 
undergone  a  decided  improvement. 

BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR.     (A  new  Edition.) 

NEW  REMEDIES,  WITH  FORMULA  FOR  THEIR  PREPARATION  AND 

ADMINISTRATION.     Seventh  edition,  with  extensive  Additions.    Iii  one  very  large  octavo 

volume,  leather,  of  770  pages.     {Just  Issued.)    $3  75. 

Another  edition  of  the  "  New  Remedies"  having  l)een  called  for,  the  author  has  endeavored  to 
add  evervthing  of  moment  that  has  appeared  since  the  publication  of  the  last  edition. 

The  chief  remedial  mears  which  have  obtained  a  place,  for  the  first  time,  in  this  volume  either 
owin-  to  their  havine  been  recently  introduced  into  pharmacology,  or  to  their  having  received  novel 
arplicat"ons-and  which,  con.^eque'ntly,  belong  to  the  category  of  "New  Remedies"-are  the  fol- 

'*"  Anml"nnfrein.  Carbazotic  acid,  Cauterization  and  catheterism  of  the  larynx  and  trachea,  Cedron, 


We  believe  that  it  can  truly  be  said,  no  more  com- 
plete repertory  of  facts  upon  the  subject  treated, 
can  anywhere  be  found.  The  author  has,  moreover, 
tliat  enviable  tact  at  description  and  that  facility 
and  ease  of  expression  which  render  him  peculiarly 
acceptable  to  the  casual,  or  the  studious  reader. 
This  faculty,  so  requisite  in  setting  forth  many 
eraver  and  less  attractive  subjects,  lends  additional 
charms  to  one  always  fascinating. — Boston  Med. 
and  Surg.  Journal,  Sept.  185G. 

The  most  complete  and  satisfactory  system  of 
Physiology  in  the  English  language. — Amer.  Med. 
Journal . 


in, hiV  in  order  that  the  author  might  be  enabled  to  introduce,  as  far  as  practicable,  the 
V".V     '.  i,...^„Mni  Pxnerience  of  others,  as  well  as  of  his  own  observation  and  reflection; 


enhance 


■d 
him  to  throw  together  an  extensive  mass  of  facts 
and  statements,  "accompanied  by  full  reference  to 
authorities;  which  last  feature  renders  the  work 
practically  valuable  to  investigators  who  desire  to 
examine  the  original  papers.— JAe  American  Journal 
of  Pharmacy. 


14 


BLANCHARD    &   LEA'S   MEDICAL 


ERICHSEN   (JOHN), 

Professor  of  Surgery  in  University  College,  London,  &c. 

THE  SCIENCE  AND  ART  OF  SURGERY;  being  a  Treatise  on  Surgical 

Jnjttries,  Diseasks,  and  Operations.     Edited  by  John  H.  Brinton,  M.  D.     Illustraled  with 

three  hundred  and  eleven  engravings  on  -wood.    "In  one  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume,  of 

over  nine  hundred  closely  printed  pages,  leather,  raised  bands.     $4  25. 

It  is,  in  our  humble  juds;nienl,  decidedly  llie  best 
book  of  the  kind  in  the  Knq;Hsh  liuiguasfe.  Striiii^e 
that  just  such  books  are  nototV'ner  produced  by  pub 


I'C  leachfrs  of  siirirery  in  this  country  and  (Jreat 
Britain  Indeed,  it  is  a  matter  of  o;real  astonishment, 
hut  no  less  true  than  astonishing,  that  of  the  many 
works  on  surgery  republished  in  this  country  within 
the  last  fifteen  or  twenty  years  as  textbooks  for 
medical  students,  this  is  the  only  one  lliat  even  ap- 
proximates to  the  fulfilment  of  tlic  peculiar  wants  of 
young  men  just  enterDii;  upon  tlie  sludv  of  this  branch 
of  the  profession. —  Wesltrn  Jour  .of  Med.  an'l  Surgery. 

Its  value  is  greatly  enhanced  by  a  very  copious 
well-arraneed  index.  We  regard  this  as  one  of  the 
most  valuable  contributions  to  modern  surgery.  To 
one  entering  his  iioviiiate  of  practice,  wt-  rejjard  it 
th'-  most  serviceable  guide  which  he  can  consult.  He 
will  find  a  fulness  of  detail  leading  him  through  every 
step  of  the  operation,  and  not  deserting  him  until  the 
final  issue  of  the  case  is  decided.  For  the  same  rea- 
son w  recommend  it  to  those  whose  routine  of  prac- 
tice lies  in  such  pans  of  the  country  that  they  must 


rarely  encounter  cases  requiring  surgical  manage- 
ment.— Stet/ioscope. 

Kinbracing,  as  will  be  perceived,  the  whole  surgi- 
cal domaiii,  and  each  division  of  it«elf  almost  com- 
plete and  perfect,  each  chapter  full  and  explicit,  each 
subject  faithfully  exhibited,  we  can  only  express  our 
estimate  of  it  in  the  ageresale.  We  consider  it  an 
excellent  contribution  to  surgery,  as  probably  the 
best  single  voluirie  now  extant  on  the  subject,  and 
with  great  pleasure  we  add  it  to  our  texsbookg. — 
Nashville  Journal  of  Medimie  and  Surgery. 

Prof.  Erichsen's  work,  for  its  size,  has  not  been 
surpassed;  his  nine  hundred  and  eight  pages,  pro- 
fusely illustrated,  are  rich  in  physiological,  patholo- 
gical, and  operative  suggestions,  doctrines,  detail.?, 
and  processes ;  and  will  prove  a  reliable  resource 
for  information,  both  to  physician  and  surgeon,  in  the 
hour  of  peril. —  N.  0.  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

We  are  acquainted  with  no  other  work  wherein 
so  much  good  sense,  sound  principle,  and  practical 
^tfereuces,  stamp  every  page. — American  Lancet. 


ELLIS  (BENJAMIN),  M.D. 
THE   MEDICAL  FORMULARY :   being  a  Collection  of  Prescriptions,  derived 

from  the  writings  and  practice  of  many  of  the  most  eminent  physicians  of  America  and  Europe. 
Together  with  the  usual  Dietetic  Preparations  and  Antidotes  for  Poisons.  To  which  is  added 
an  Appendix,  on  the  Endermic  use  of  Medicines,  and  on  the  use  of  Elher  and  Chloroform.  Tlie 
whole  accompanied  witli  a  few  brief  Pharinacetitic  and  Medical  Observations.  Tenth  edition, 
revised  and  much  extended  by  Robert  P.  Thomas,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Materia  Medica  in  the 
Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy.  In  one  neat  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of296  pages.  {Lately 
Issued.)     fl  75. 


After  an  examination  of  the  new  matter  and  the 
alterations,  we  lielieve  the  reputation  of  the  work 
built  up  by  the  author,  and  the  late  distinguished 
editor,  will  c<mtinue  to  flourish  under  the  auspices 
of  the  present  editor,  who  has  the  industry  and  accu- 
racy, and,  we  would  say,  conscientiousness  requi- 
site for  the  responsible  task. — Am.  Jour,  of  P harm. 


It  will  prove  particularly  useful  to  students  and 
young  practitioners,  as  the  most  important  prescrip- 
tions employed  in  modern  practice,  whicli  lie  scat- 
tered through  our  medical  literature,  are  here  col- 
lected and  conveniently  arranjred  for  reference.— 
Charleston  Med.  Journal  and  Review. 


FOWNES  (GEORGE),   PH.  D.,  &.C. 
ELEMENTARY    CHEMISTRY;    Theoretical  and  Practical.     With  numerous 

illustrations.     Edited,  with  Additions,  by  Robert  Bridges,  M.  D.     In  one  large  royal  12mo. 

volume,  of  over  5.50  pages,  with  181  wood-cuts.     Jn  leather,  $1  50;  extra  cloth,  $1  35. 

The  work  of  Dr.  Fownes  has  long  been  before 
the  public,  and  its  merits  have  been  fully  appreci- 
ated as  the  best  text-book  (m  chemistry  now  in 
existence.  We  do  not,  of  course,  place  it  in  a  rank 
superior  to  the  works  of  Brande,  Graham,  Turner, 
Gregory,  or  Gmelin,  but  we  say  that,  as  a  work 
for  students,  it  is  preferable  to  any  of  them. — Lon- 
don Journal  of  Medicine. 

A  work  well  adapted  to  the  wants  of  the  student. 
It  is  an  excellent  exposition  of  the  chief  doctrines 
and  facts  of  modern  chemistry.  The  size  of  the  work, 
and  still  more  the  condensed  yet  perspicuous  style 
in  which  it  is  written,  absolve  it  from  the  charges 
very  properly  urged  against  most  tnanuals  termed 
popular. — Edinburgh  Journal  of  Medical  Science. 


We  know  of  no  better  text-book,  especially  in  the 
difficult  department  of  organic  chemistry,  upon 
which  it  is  particularly  full  and  satisfactory.  We 
would  recommend  it  to  preceptors  as  a  capital 
"  office  book"  for  their  students  who  are  beginners 
in  Chemistry.  It  is  copiously  illustrated  with  ex- 
cellent wood-cuts,  and  altogether  admirably  "got 
up." — N.  J.  Medical  Reporter. 

A  standard  manual,  which  has  long  enjoyed  the 
reputation  of  embodying  much  kno\vle<lee  in  a  small 
space.  The  author  liasachieved  the  difficult  task  of 
condensation  with  masterly  tact.  His  book  is  con- 
cise without  being  dry,  and  brief  without  being  too 
dogmatical  or  general. —  Virginia  Med.  and  Surgical 
Journal. 


FERGUSSON   (WILLIAM),  F.  R.  S., 

Professor  of  Surgery  in  King's   College,  London,  &c. 

A  SYSTEM  OF  PRACTICAL  SURGERY.     Fourth  American,  from  the  third 

and  enlarged  London  edition.    In  one  large  and  beautifully  printed  octavo  volume,  of  about  700 
pages,  with  393  handsome  illustrations,  leather.     $3  00. 


The  most  important  subjects  in  connection  with 
practical  surgery  which  have  been  more  recently 
brought  under  the  notice  of,  and  discussed  by,  the 
surgeons  of  Great  Britain,  are  fully  and  dispassion- 
ately considered  by  Mr.  Fergusson,  and  that  which 
was' before  wanting  has  now  been  supplied^  so  that 
we  can  now  look  upon  it  as  a  work  on  practical  sur- 
gery instead  of  one  on  operative  surgery  alone. 
Medical  Times  and  Gazette. 

No  work  was  ever  written  which  more  nearly 
Comprehended  the  necessities  of   the  student  and 


practitioner,  and  was  more  carefully  arranged  to 
that  single  purpose  than  this.— iV.  Y.  Med.  Journal. 

The  addition  of  many  new  pages  makes  this  work 
more  than  ever  indispensable  to  the  student  and  prac- 
titioner.— Ranking' s  Abstract. 

Among  the  numerous  works  upon  surgery  pub- 
lished of  late  years,  we  know  of  none  we  value 
more  highly  than  the  one  before  us.  It  is  perhaps 
the  very  best  we  have  for  a  text-book  and  for  ordi- 
nary reference,  being  concise  and  eminently  practi- 
cal.— Southern  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 


AND   SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS 


15 


FLINT  (AUSTIN),  M,   D., 

Professor  of  the  Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine  in  the  University  of  Louisville,  &c. 
(_Aii  Important  New  Wor^.) 

PHYSICAL  EXPLORATTOX  AND  DIAGNOSIS  OF  DISEASES  AFFECT- 
ING THE  RESPIRATORY  ORGANS.  In  one  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume,  extra 
cloth,  636  pages.     $3  00. 

We  cun  only  state  our  general  impression  of  the  |  the  results  of  his  study  and  experience.  These  ex- 
hi^h  value  fif  this  work,  and  cordially  recommend  I  pectations  we  are  confident  will  not  be  disappointed, 
it  to  all.  VVe  regard  it,  in  point  both  of  arrangement  I  For  our  own  part,  we  have  been  favorably  impressed 
and  of  the  marked  ability  of  its  treatment  of  the  sub-  i  by  a  perusal  of  the  book,  and  heartily  recommend  it 
jects,  as  destined  to  take  the  first  rank  in  works  of  I  to  all  who  are  desirous  of  acquiring  a  thorough  ac- 
this  class.  So  far  us  our  information  extends,  it  has  j  quaintance  with  the  means  of  exploring  the  condi- 
at  present  no  equal.  To  the  practitioner,  as  well  as  tions  of  the  respiratory  organs  by  means  of  auscul- 
tlie  student,  it  will  be  invaluable  in  clearing  up  the  :  tation  and  percussion.  —  Boston  Med.  and  Surg. 
diagnosis  of  doubtful  cases,  and  in  shedding  light    Journal. 


upim  difficult  phenoiTiena. — Buffalo  Med.  Journal 

This  is  the  most  elaborate  work  devoted  exclu- 
sively to  the  physical  exploration  of  diseases  of  the 
lungs,  with  which  we  are  acquainted  in  the  Knglish 
language.  From  the  high  standing  of  the  author  as 
a  clinical  teacher,  and  his  known  devotion,  during 


A  work  of  original  observation  of  thehighest  merit. 
We  recommend  the  treatise  to  every  one  who  wishes 
to  become  a  correct  auscultator.  Based  to  a  very 
large  extent  upon  cases  numerically  examined,  it 
carries  the  evidence  of  careful  studv  and  discrimina- 
tion upon  everv  pa/e.  It  does  credit  to  the  author, 
and,  through  him,  to  the  profssion  in  this  country. 


many  years,  to  the  study  of  thoiacic  diseases,  much  and,  through  him,  to  the  prof  ssion  in  this  country. 
was  to  be  expected  from  the  announcement  of  his  It  is,  what  we  cannot  call  every  book  upon  auscul- 
determination  to  embody  in  the  form  of  a  treatise,  I  tation,  a  readable  boo\i..— Am.  Jour.  Med.  Sciences. 

FISKE  FUND  PRIZE  ESSAYS. 
THE  EFFECTS  OF  CLIMATE  ON  TUBERCULOUS  DISEASE.    By  Edwin 

Lke,  M.  R.  C.  S.,  London. 

THE   INFLUENCE   OF   PREGNANCY   ON    THE   DEVELOPMENT  OF 

TUBERCLES.     By  Edward  Warren,  M.  U.,  of  Edenton,  N.  C. 
Together  in  one  neat  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth.     %l  00.     (Jiat  Ready.) 

These  two  valuable  Esfiays  on  Tuberculosis  are  reprinted  by  request  of  the  Rhode  Island  Medi- 
cal Society,  from  the  "  American  Journal  oftlie  Medical  Sciences^'  for  April  and  July,  1S57. 


GRAHAM   (THOMAS),    F.  R.  S., 

Professor  of  Chemistry  in  University  College,  London,  &c. 

THE  ELEMENTS  OF  CHEMISTRY.     Including' tbe  application  of  the  Science 

to  the  Arts.  Wilh  numerous  illustrations.  With  Notes  and  Aa(liti(uis,  by  Robert  Bridges, 
IVI.  L).,  &c.  &c.     Second  American,  from  the  second  and  eiilarge<l  London  edition. 

PART  I.  {Lately  I.i.med)  large  8vo.,  430  pages,  185  illustrations.     $1  50. 

PART  II.  {Preparing)  to  match. 

GRIFFITH  (ROBERT   E.),   M.  D,,  &c. 
A  UNIVERSAL  FORMULARY,  containinii  the  methods  of  Preparinor  and  Ad- 

mini-terino-  OITicinal  and  other  Medicines.  The  whole  adapted  to  Physicians  and  Pharrnaceu- 
lists  Second  Edition,  thoroushlv  revised,  wilh  numerous  additions,  by  Robert  P.  Tho.mas, 
M  b  ,  Professor  of  Materia  Me.licA  in  the  Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy  In  one  'aj^s  and 
handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  650  pages,  double  columns.  {Jiist  Issued.)  $3  00 ;  or 
bound  iu  sheep,  $3  25. 

It  was  a  work  requiring  much  perseverance,  and  [  tioner  can  possibly  have  in  his  possession.-ilfedicai 
when  published  was  looked  upon  as  by  far  the  be<t  Chromcle 
work  of  its  kiiul  that  had  i.^sued  from  the  Aniprican 
press.  Prof  Thoma*  has  certainly  "unproved,  as 
well  as  added  lothis  Formulary,  and  has  rendered  u 
addiiionally  deserving  of  the  confidence  of  pharma- 
ceutists and  physicians.— ^m.  Journal  of  Pharmacy. 

We  are  happv  to  announce  a  new  and  improved 
editionof  this,  6ne  of  the  most  valuable  and  usetui 
works  that  have  emaualed  from  an  American  p^Mi 
It  would  do  credit  to  any  country,  and  will  be  found 
of  dailvu>efulness  to  practitioners  of  medicine;  it  is 
better  adapted  10  their  purposes  than  the  dispensalo- 
Ties.— Sotithern  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

A  new  edition  of  this  well-known  work,  edited  by 
R  P  Thomas.  M.  D.,  affords  occasion  for  renevving 
mlr  CO  nmendalion  of  so  useful  a  handbook,  wh.c-h 
ou^ht  U  be  universally  studied  by  medical  men  of 
evSrv  cla«s,  and  made  use  of  by  way  ol  reference  b> 
office  pupils,  as  a  standard  auihorny.  It  has  bee, 
much  euh  rVed.  and  now  condenses  a  vast  amonn. 
mucn  eni''  npces<arv  know  edare  m  small  com- 
na^r  T  e  more  of  suc[7books  the  better  for  the  pro- 
Fessionind  0,e  public-  N.  Y.  Med.  GazeUe. 

It  is  one  of  the  most  nseful  books  a  country  practi- 


The  amount  of  useful,  every-day  matter,  for  a  prat- 
tieins  physician,  is  really  immense.— £os(o«  Med. 
and  Surg.  .Tournal. 

This  is  a  work  of  six  hundred  and  fifty  one  pages, 
embracing  all  on  the  subject  of  preparing  and  admi- 
iiisteriiig  mediriues  that  can  be  desired  by  the  physi- 
cian and  pharmaceutist  — Trf.ffem  Lancet. 

In  short,  it  is  a  full  and  complete  work  of  the  kindj 
and  should  be  m  the  hands  of  every  physician  and 
apolhecary.     O.  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal 

We  predict  a  great  sale  for  this  work,  and  we  espe- 
ciallv  recommend  it  to  all  medical  teachers.- iJtcA- 
mond  Stethoscope. 

This  edition  of  Dr.  Griffith's  work  has  been  greatly 
improved  by  the  revision  and  ample  additions  of  Dr. 
Thomas,  and  is  nov*',  we  believe,  one  of  the  most 
coTiplele  works  of  it';  kind  in  any  lansruage.  The 
addiliou*  amount  to  about  sevenly  pages,  and  no 
etforl  has  been  spared  lo  include  in  them  all  ihe  re- 
eenl  improvemenis  which  have  been  published  in 
medical  journals,  and  systematic  treatises.  .\  work 
of  this  kind  appears  to  us  indispen-abie  lo  the  physi- 
cian, and  ihere  is  none  -.ve  can  more  cordially  recom- 
mend.—  N.  Y.  Journal  of  Medicine. 


BY    THK   SAME   AUTHOR. 


n/TT^nTPM    EOTVNY:  or,  a  Description  of  all  the  more  important  Plants  used 

MJil-'l''^^^"  ;    .    ■     Properties   Uses,  and  Modes  of  Administration.     In  one  larsre  octavo 

volume' ex^rV  doth,  of  7()J  pages,  handsomely  printed,  with  nearly  350  iUustraliousou  wood.  $3  GO. 


16 


BLANCHARD   &    LEA'S   MEDIOAL 


GROSS  (SAMUEL  DJ,   M.  D., 

Professor  of  Surgery  in  the  JofTerson  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia,  4.C. 

New  Edition  (Now  Ready.) 
ELEMENTS  OF  PATHOLOGICAL  ANATOMY.     Third  edition,  thoroughly 

revii-ed  and  g-reaily  improved.     In  one  large  and  very  handsome  octavo  volume,  wilh  about  three 

hundred  and  filly  beauliful  illuslraiions,  of  which  a  large  number  are  from  original  drawings. 

Price  in  extra  cloth,  94  7o;  leather,  raised  bands,  $5  25. 

The  very  rapid  advances  in  the  Science  of  Pathological  Anatomy  during  the  Ian  few  years  have 
rendered  e^sential  a  thorough  moditlcation  of  this  work,  with  a  view  of  nialcing  it  a  correct  expo- 
nent of  the  present  state  of  the  subject.  The  very  careiul  manner  in  which  this  task  has  been 
executed,  and  the  amount  of  alteration  which  it  has  undergone,  have  enabled  the  author  to  say  that 
"  wilh  the  many  changes  and  improvements  now  introduced,  the  work  may  be  regarded  almost  as 
a  new  treatise,"  while  the  efforts  of  the  author  have  been  seconded  as  regards  the  mechanical 
execution  of  the  volume,  rendering  it  one  of  the  handsomest  productions  of  the  American  press. 
A  very  large  number  of  new  and  beautiful  original  illustrations  have  been  introduced,  and  the  work, 
it  is  liophMl,  will  fully  maintain  the  reputation  hilherto  enjoyed  by  it  of  a  complete  and  practical  ex- 
position of  its  ditficult  and  important  subject. 


We  nnost  sincerely  consratulate  the  author  on  the 
successful  niHimer  in  whicli  he  has  accomplished  his 
proposed  object.  His  book  is  most  admirably  cal- 
ouliiled  to  fill  up  a  blanlc  which  has  long  been  felt  to 
exist  in  tl)is  department  of  medical  literature,  and 
as  such  must  become  very  widely  circulated  amongst 
all  classes  of  the  profession. —  Dublin  Quarterly 
Journ.  of  Med.  Science,  Nov.  1857. 


We  have  been  favorably  impressed  with  the  gene- 
ral manner  in  which  Dr.  Gross  hasexecuted  his  tasic 
of  affordinsr  a  comprehensive  digest  of  tlie  present 
stale  of  the  literature  of  Pathological  Anatomy,  and 
have  much  pleasure  in  recommending  his  work  to 
our  readers,  as  we  believe  one  well  deserving  of 
diligent  perusal  and  careful  study. — Montreal  Med. 
Chron.,  Sept.  Id57. 


BY  THE   SAME   AUTHOR. 

A   PRACTICAL    TREATISE   ON   THE    DISEASES,    INJURIES,  AND 

MALFORMATIONS  OF  THE  URINARY  BLADDER,  THE  PROSTATE  GLAND,  AND 
THE  URETHRA.  Second  Edition,  revised  and  much  enlarged,  with  one  hundred  and  eighty- 
four  illustrations.  In  one  laige  and  very  handsome  octavo  volume,  of  over  nine  hundred  pages. 
{Just  Issued.)     In  leather,  raised  bands,  $5  25;  extra  cloth,  $4  75. 


A  volume  replete  with  truths  and  principles  of  the 
utmost  value  in  the  investigation  of  these  diseases. — 
American  Medical  Journal. 

On  the  appearance  of  the  first  edition  of  this  work, 
the  leading  English  medical  review  predicted  that  it 
would  have  a  "  permanent  place  in  tlie  literature  of 
surgery  worthy  to  rank  with  the  best  works  of  the 
present  age."  This  prediction  has  been  amply  ful- 
filled. Dr.  Gross's  treatise  has  been  found  to  sup- 
ply completely  tlie  want  which  has  been  felt  ever 
EUice  the  elevation  of  surgery  to  the  rank  of  a  science, 
of  a  good  practical  treatise  on  the  diseases  of  tlie 
bladder  and  its  accessory  organs.  Philosopliica!  in 
its  design,  methodical  in  its  arrangement,  ample  and 


sound  in  its  practical  details,  it  may  in  truth  be  said 
to  leave  scarcely  anything  to  be  desired  on  so  im- 
portant a  subject,  and  wilh  the  additions  and  modi- 
fications resulting  from  future  discoveries  and  im- 
provements, it  will  probably  remain  one  of  the  most 
valuable  works  on  this  subject  so  long  as  the  science 
of  medicine  shall  exist. — Boston  Med.  and  Surg. 
Journal. 

Whoever  will  peruse  the  vast  amount  of  valuable 
practical  information  it  contains,  and  which  we 
have  been  unable  even  to  notice,  will,  we  think, 
agree  with  us,  that  there  is  no  work  in  the  English 
language  which  can  make  any  just  pretensions  to 
be  its  equal. — N.  Y.  Journal  of  Medicine. 


BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR.      (Just  IssUed). 

A  PRACTICAL  TREATISE  ON  FOREIGN  BODIES  IN  THE  AIR-PAS- 

SAGES.     In  one  handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  with  illustrations,    pp.  468.     $2  75. 

A  very  elaborate  work.  It  is  a  complete  summary  conclude  by  recommending  it  to  our  readers,  fully 
of  the  whole  subject,  and  will  be  a  useful  book  of  persuaded  that  its  perusal  will  afford  them  much 
reference. — British  and  Foreign  Medico- Chirurg.  [practical  information  well  conveyed,  evidentlv  de- 
Review.  rived  from  considerable  experience  and  deduced  from 

AluKhly  valuable  book  of  reference  on  a  most  im-  »"  ample  collection  of  [licta.  — Dublin  Quarterly 
portant  subject  in   the  practice  of  medicine.     We  I  Journal,  May,  1855. 

BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR.     {Preparing.) 

A  SYSTEM  OF  SURGERY ;  Diagnostic,  Pathological,  Therapeutic,  and  Opera- 
tive.   With  very  numerous  engravings  on  wood. 


GLUGE  (GOTTLIEB),   M.D., 

Professor  of  Physiology  and  Pathological  Anatomy  in  the  University  of  Brussels,  &c. 

AN  ATLAS   OF   PATHOLOGICAL   HISTOLOGY.     Translated,  with  Notes 

and  Additions,  by  Joseph  Leidy,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Anatomy  in  the  University  of  Pennsylva- 
nia. In  one  volume,  very  large  imperial  quarto,  extra  cloth,  with  320  figures,  plain  and  colored, 
on  twelve  copperplates.    $5  00. 


GARDNER'S  MEDICAL  CHEMISTRY,  for  the 
use  of  Students  and  the  Profession.  In  one  royal 
12iT)o.  vol.,  ex.  cloth,  pp.  396,  with  illustrations. 
SI  00. 

HARRISON'S  ESSAY  TOWARDS  A  CORRECT 
THEORY  OF  THE  NERVOLS  SVSTJvM.  In 
one  octavo  volume,  leather,  292  pages.    $1  50. 


HUGHES'  CLINICAL  INTRODUCTION  TO 
THE  PRACTICE  OF  AUSCUl-TA  I  ION  AND 
OTHER  .MODES  OF  PHYSICAL  DIAGNOSIS, 
IN  DISEASES  OF  THE  LUNGS  AND  HEART. 

Second  American,  from  tlie  second  London  edition. 
1  vol.  royal  12mo.,  ex.  cloth,  pp.  m\.    .ftl  00. 
HUNTER'S    CO.MPLETE    WORKS,  in   4  vols. 
8vo.,  leather,  with  plates.     SIO. 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS. 


17 


HOBLYN  (RICHARD  D.),  M.  D. 
^rowT^^T^FoT?^  '^^^^^  '^'^^^^^^  USED  IN  MEDICLNE   AND  THE 

the  las.  I  m,^,  ^p^ENCES.  By  R.CHARD  D.  HoBLYN,  A.  M,  &c.  A  new  American  from 
hP  "  AmVr).  T  'T-  r^u'^'^r'''  "^''^  numerous  Additions,  by  Isaac  Hays,  M.  D.,  editor  of 
nf  nvir^nn  ?l<^..  r"""?'  "^  "'.''  ^'^<'''='^'  Sciences."  In  one  larpe  royal  12mo.  volum^,  leather, 
of  over  500  double  columned  pages.     (Ju.it  Issued,  1856.)    $1  50. 

tl,iI!oluml'^"JnV?,YJ '!'''''", •"'''y"  ''"^^  '"^"'^'^  *"  1""'  '^"^''^  ^"^  Pf°«"'«  a  larger  v^ork.- American 
tliiB  volume  since  Its  reception  from  the  publisher.    Lancet. 


two  or  three  ^yceks  ngo,  be  any  criterion  for  the 
future,  the  bmiiing  will  soon  have  to  be  renewed,  even 
with  careful  handling.  We  find  that  Dr.  Hays  has 
done  the  profession  great  service  by  his  careful  and 
industrious  labors.  Tiie  Dictionary  has  thus  become 
eminently  suited  to  our  medical  brethren  in  this 
country.  The  additions  by  Dr.  Hays  are  in  brackets, 
and  we  believe  there  is  not  a  single  page  but  bears 
these  insignia  ;  in  every  instance  which  we  have  thus 
far  noticed,  the  additi<ms  are  reallv  needed  and  ex- 
ceedingly valuable.  We  heartily  commend  the  work 
to  all  who  wish  to  be  au  cnttrant  in  medical  termi- 
nology.— Boston  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

To  both  practitioner  and  student,  we  recommend 
this  dictionary  as  being  convenient  in  size,  accurate 
in  definition,  and  sufficiently  full  and  complete  for 
ordinary  consultation. — CkarlestonMed.  Journ.  and 
RevieAv. 

Admirably  calculated  to  meet  the  wants  of  the 
practitioner  or  student,  who  has  neither  the  means 


Hoblyn  has  always  been  a  favorite  dictionary,  and 
in  its  present  enlarged  and  improved  form  will  give 
greater  satisfietion  than  ever.  The  American  editor, 
Dr.  Hays,  has  made  many  very  valuable  additions. 
— iV.  J.  Med.  Reporter. 

To  supply  the  want  of  the  medical  reader  arising 
from  this  cause,  we  know  of  no  dictionary  better 
arranged  and  adapted  than  the  one  bearing  the  above 
title.  It  is  not  encumbered  with  the  obsolete  terms 
of  a  bygone  age,  but  it  contains  all  that  are  now  in 
use  ;  embracing  every  department  of  medical  science 
down  to  the  very  latest  date.  The  volume  is  of  a 
convenient  size  to  be  used  by  the  medical  student, 
and  yet  large  enough  to  make  a  respectable  appear- 
ance in  the  library  of  a  physician. —  Western  Lancet. 

Hoblyn's  Dictionary  has  long  been  a  favorite  with 
us.  It  is  the  best  book  of  definitions  we  have,  and 
ought  always  to  be  upon  the  student's  table. — 
Southern  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 


HOLLAND  (SIR    HENRY),    BART,,    M.D.,F.  R.  S., 

Physician  in  Ordinary  to  the  Queen  of  England,  &c. 

MEDICAL  NOTES  AND  EEFLECTIONS.     From  the  third  London  edition. 

In  one  handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth.     {Now  Ready.)     $3  00. 

As  the  work  of  a  thoughtful  and  observant  physician,  embodying  the  results  of  forty  years'  ac- 
tive professional  experience,  on  topics  of  the  highest  interest,  this  volume  is  commended  to  the 
American  practitioner  as  well  worthy  his  allention.  Few  will  rise  from  its  perusal  without  feel- 
ing their  convictions  strengthened,  and  armed  with  new  weapons  for  the  daily  struggle  with 
disease. 


HABERSHON  (S.  O.),  M.  D., 
Assistant  Physician  to  and  Lecturer  on  Materia  Medica  and  Therapeutics  at  Guy's  Hospital,  &c. 

PATHOLOGICAL   AND   PRACTICAL  OBSERVATIONS  ON  DISEASES 

OF  THE  ALIJVIENTARY  CANAL,  CESOPHAGUS,  STOMACH,  C/ECUM,  AND  INTES- 
TINES. With  illustrations  on  wood.  In  one  handsome  octavo  volume.  {Repuhlishi7ig  in  the 
Medical  News  and  Library  for  1858.) 


HORNER  (WILLIAM  E.),  M.  D., 

Professor  of  Anatomy  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

SPECIAL   ANATOMY    AND    HISTOLOGY.     Eighth  edition.     Extensively 

revised  and  modified.      In  two  large  octavo  volumes,  extra  cloth,  of  more  than  one  thousand 
pages,  handsomely  printed,  with  over  three  hundred  illustrations.     $6  GO. 


HAMILTON  (FRANK   H.),   M.  D., 

Professor  of  Surgery,  in  Buffalo  Medical  College,  &c. 

A  TREATISE  ON  FRACTURES  AND  DISLOCATIONS.     In  one  handsome 

octavo  volume,  with  numerous  illustrations.     (Prepari7/g.) 


JONES  (T.   WHARTON),   F.  R.  S., 

Professor  of  Ophthalmic  Medicine  and  Surgery  in  University  College,  London,  ice. 

TIIE  PRINCIPLES  AND  PRACTICE  OF   OPHTHALMIC    MEDICINE 

AND  SURGERY.  With  one  hundred  and  ten  illustrations.  Second  American  from  the  second 
and  revised  London  edition,  with  additions  b/  Edward  Hartshor.\e,  M.  D.,  Surgeon  to  Wills' 
Hospital  cVc.  In  one  large,  handsome  royal  r2mo.  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  500  pages.  (Now 
Ready.)'  $1  50. 
We  are  confident  that,  the  reader  will   find,  on 

perusal,  that  the  executi<m  of  the  work  amply  fulfils 

the  promise  of  the  preface,  and  sustains,  in  every 

point,  the  already  hgh  reputation  of  the  author  as 

an    ophthalmic   surgeon  as  xvell    as  a   physiologist 

and  natholo"ist.     The  book  is  evidently  the  result 

of  inuoh   labor  and  research,  »n(l  has  been  written 

with  the  irreatcst  care  and  attention;   it  possesses 

til  .V  best  auality  which  a  general  work,  like  a  sys- 
em  or  manual  cL  show,  viz  :  the  quality  of  having 

all  the  materials  whencesoever  derived,  so  thorough- 


ly wrought  up,  and  digested  m  the  author's  mind, 
as  to  come  forth  with  the  freshness  and  impressive- 
ness  of  an  original  production.  We  entertain  little 
doubt  that  this  book  will  become  what  its  author 
hoped  it  might  become,  a  manual  for  daily  reference 
and  consultation  by  the  student  and  the  general  prac- 
titioner. The  work  is  marked  by  that  correctness, 
clearness,  and  precision  of  style  which  distinguish 
all  the  productions  of  the  learned  author. — British 
and  For.  Med.  Kevieie. 


18 


BLANCHARD    &    LEA'S    MEDICAL 


JONES  (C.  HANDFIELD),  F.  R.  S.,  &  EDWARD   H.  SI  EV EKING,   M.D., 

Assistant  Physiciiuis  and  Lecturers  in  St.  Mary's  Hospital,  London. 

A  MANUAL  OF  PATHOLOGICAL   ANATOMY.     First  American  Edition, 

Revised.     With  three  hundred  and  ninety-seven  handsome  wood  engravings.     In  one  large  and 
beautiful  octavo  volume  of  nearly  750  pages,  leather.     $>3  l^h 

present  condition  of  pathologienl  anatomy.  In  tliig 
tliey  liave  been  completely  successful.  The  work  is 
one  of  the  best  compilations  which  we  have  ever 


Asa  concise  text-book,  containing:,  in  a  condensed 
form,  a  complete  outline  of  what  Ts  known  in  tlie 
domain  of  Pathological  Anatomy,  it  is  perhaps  the 
best  work  in  the  Eiisjlish  languaofe.  Its  great  merit 
consists  in  its  completeness  and  brevity,  and  in  this 
respect  it  supplies  a  great  desideratuni  in  our  lite- 
rature. Heretofore  the  student  of  pathology  was 
obliged  to  glean  from  a  great  number  of  monographs, 
and  the  field  was  so  extensive  that  but  few  cultivated 
it  with  any  degree  of  success.  As  a  simple  work 
of  reference,  therefore,  it  is  of  great  value  to  the 
student  of  pathological  anatomy,  and  should  be  in 
every  physician's  library. —  Western  Lancet. 

In  offering  the  above  titled  work  to  the  public,  the 
authors  have  not  attempted  to  intrude  new  views  on 
their  professional  brelliren,  but  simply  to  lay  before 
them,  what  has  long  been  wanted,  an  outline  of  the 


perused. — Charleston  Medical  Journal  and  Kevie/ie. 

AVe  urge  upon  our  readers  and  the  profession  gene- 
rally the  importance  of  informing  themselves  in  re- 
gard to  modern  views  of  pathology,  and  recommend 
to  them  to  procure  the  \vork  before  us  as  the  bes 
means  of  obtaining  this  information. — Stethoscop  e. 

From  the  casual  e.Kamination  we  have  given  we 
are  inclined  to  regard  it  as  a  text-book,  plain,  ra- 
tional, and  intelligible,  such  a  book  as  the  practical 
man  needs  for  daily  reference.  For  this  reason  it 
will  be  likely  to  be  largely  useful,  as  it  suits  itself 
to  those  busy  men  who  have  little  time  for  minute 
investigation,  and  prefer  a  summary  to  an  elaborate 
tieatise. — Buffalo  Medical  Journal. 


KIRKES  (WILLIAM   SENHOUSE),   M.  D., 

Demonstrator  of  Morbid  Anatomy  at  St.  Bartholomew's  Hospital,  &;c. 

4    MANUAL    OF    PHYSIOLOGY.      A  n(!w  American,  from  the  third  and 

improved  London  edition.    With  two  hundred  illustrations.     In  one  large  and  handsome  royal 
12nK).  volume,  leather,     pp.  58(3.     $2  00.     (Now  Ready,  18-57.) 

In  again  passing  this  work  through  his  hands,  the  author  has  endeavored  to  render  it  a  correct 
exposition  of  the  present  condition  of  the  science,  making  such  alterations  and  additions  as  have 
been  dictated  by  further  experience,  or  as  the  progress  of  investigation  has  rendered  desirable.  In 
every  point  of  mechanical  execution  the  publishers  have  sought  to  make  it  superior  to  former  edi- 
tions, and  at  the  very  low  price  at  which  it  is  offered,  it  will  be  found  one  of  the  handsomest  and 
cheapest  volumes  before  the  profession. 

In  making  these  improvements,  care  has  been  exercised  not  unduly  to  increase  its  size,  thus 
maintaining  its  distinctive  characteristic  of  presenting  within  a  moderate  compass  a  clear  and  con- 
nected view  of  its  subjects,  sufficient  for  the  wants  of  the  student. 

One  of  the  very  best  handbooks  of  Physiology  we 
possess— presenting  just  such  an  outline  of  the  sci- 
ence, comprising  an  account  of  its  leading  facts  and 
generally  admitted  principles,  as  the  student  requires 
during  his  attendance  upcm  a  course  of  lectures,  or 
for  reference  whilst  preparing  for  examination. — 
Am.  Medical  Journal. 

We  need  only  say,  that,  without  entering  into  dis- 
cussions of  unsettled  questions,  it  contains  all  the 
recent  improvements  in  this  department  of  medical 
science.  For  tlie  student  beginning  this  study,  and 
the  practitioner  who  has  but  leisure  to  retresli  his 
memory,  this  book  is  invaluable,  as  it  contains  all 
that  it  is  important  to  know,  without  special  details, 
which  are  read  with  interest  only  by  those  who 
would  make  a  specialty,  or  desire  to  possessa  critic 
cal  knowledge  of  the  subject. — Charleston  Medical 
Journal. 


This  is  a  new  and  very  much  improved  edition  of 
Dr.  Kirkes'  well-known  Handbook  of  Physiology. 
Oiiginally  constructed  on  the  basis  of  the  ailmivabic 
treatise  of  Miller,  it  has  in  successive  editions  de- 
veloped itself  into  an  almost  original  work,  though 
no  change  has  been  made  in  the  plan  or  arrangement. 
It  combines  conciseness  with  completeness,  and  is, 
therefore,  admirably  adapted  for  consultation  by  the 
busy  practitioner. — Dublin  Quarterly  Journal,  Feb. 
18.57. 

Its  excellence  is  in  its  compactness,  its  clearness, 
and  its  carefully  cited  authorities.  It  is  the  most 
convenient  of  text-books.  These  gentlemen,  Messrs 
Kirkes  and  Paget,  have  really  an  immense  talent  for 
silence,  which  is  not  so  common  or  so  cheap  as  prat- 
ing people  fancy.  They  have  the  gift  of  telling  us 
what  we  want  to  know,  without  tliinkiiig  it  neces- 
sary to  tell  us  all  they  know. — Boston  Med.  and 
Surg.  Journal,  May  14,  1857. 


KNAPP'S  TECHNOLOGY  ;  or,  Chemistry  applied 
to  the  Arts  and  to  Manufactures.  Edited,  with 
numerous  Notes  and  Additions,  by  Dr.  Edmund 
Ronalds  and  Dr.  Thomas  Richardson.  First 
American  edition,  with  Notes  and  Additions,  by 
Prof.  Walter  R.  Johnson.     In  two  tiandsome 


octavo  volumes,  extra  cloth,  with  aboutSOO  wood- 
engravings.  $0  00. 
LALLEMAND  ON  SPERMATORRHOEA.  Trans- 
lated and  edited  by  Henry  .1.  McDougal.  In  one 
volume,  octavo,  extra  cloth,  320  pages.  Second 
American  edition.     $175. 


LUDLOW  (J.   L.),   M.  D. 
A   MANUAL    OF    EXAMINATIONS    upon    Anatomy,    Physiology,    Surgery, 

Practice  of  Medicine,  Obstetrics,  Materia  Medica,  Chemistry,  Pharmacy,  and  Therapeutics.  To 
which  is  added  a  Medical  Formulary.  Designed  for  Students  of  Medicine  throughout  the  United 
Stales.  Third  edition,  thoroughly  revised  and  greatly  extended  and  enlarged.  With  three 
hundred  and  seventy  illustrations.  In  one  large  and  handsome  royal  12mo.  volume,  leather,  of 
over  800  closely  printed  pages      (Now  Ready.)     $2  50. 

Thegreatpopuiarity  of  this  volume,  and  the  numerous  demands  for  it  during  the  two  years  in  which 
it  has  been  out  of  print,  have  induced  the  author  in  its  revi-.ion  to  spare  no  pains  to  render  it  a 
correct  and  accurate  digest  of  the  most  recent  condition  of  all  the  branches  of  medical  science.  In 
many  respects  it  may,  therefore,  be  regarded  rather  as  a  new  book  than  a  new  edition,  an  entire 
section  on  Physiology  having  been  added,  as  also  one  on  Orgranic  Chemistry,  and  many  portions 
having  been  rewritten.  A  very  complete  series  of  illustrations  has  been  introduced,  and  every 
care  has  been  taken  in  the  mechanical  execution  to  render  it  a  convenient  and  satisfactory  book  for 
study  or  reference. 

The  arrangement  of  the  volume  in  the  form  of  question  and  answer  renders  it  especially  suited 
for  the  office  examination  of  students  and  for  those  preparing  for  graduation. 


We  know  'if  no  better  companion  for  the  student 
durinc;  the  hours  spent  in  the  lecture  room,  or  to  re- 
fresh, at  a  glance,  his  memory  of  the  various  topics 


crammed  into  his  head  1)y  the  various  professors  to 
whom  he  is  compelled  to  listen. — Western  Lancet, 
May,  ie57. 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS.  ]9 


LEHMANN    (C.  G.) 
PHYSIOLOGICAL    CIIEMTSTRY.      Translated  from  the   second   edition   by 

Gkorgic  E.  Day,  M.  D.,  F.  R.  S.,  lVc  ,  edilt-d  by  R.  E.  Roni-ns,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Chemistry 
ill  the  Metlical  Department  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  with  illustrations  selected  from 
Fnnke's  Atlas  of  Physioloo:ioal  Chemistry,  and  an  Appendix  of  plates.  Complete  in  two  large 
and  handsome  octavo  volumes,  extra  cloth,  containing  1200  pages,  with  nearly  two  hundred  illus- 
trations.    {Just  Issued.)     $6  00. 

This  great  work,  universally  acknowledged  as  the  most  complete  and  authoritative  exposition  of 
the  principles  and  details  of  Zoochemistry,  in  its  passage  through  the  press,  has  received  from 
Professor  Rogers  such  care  as  was  necessary  to  present  it  in  a  correct  and  reliable  form.  To  such 
a  work  additions  were  deemed  superfluous,  but  several  years  having  elapsed  between  the  appear- 
an"e  m  Germany  of  the  first  and  last  volume,  the  latter  containijd  a  supplement,  embodying  nume- 
rous corrections  and  additions  resulting  from  the  advance  of  the  science.  These  have  all  been  incor- 
porated in  the  text  in  their  appropriate  places,  while  the  subjects  have  been  still  furiner  elucidated  by 
the  insertion  of  illustrations  from  the  AtlasofDr.OltoFunke.  With  the  view  of  supplying  the  student 
with  the  means  of  convenient  comparison,  a  large  number  of  wood-cuts,  from  works  on  kindred 
subjects,  have  also  been  added  in  the  form  of  an  Appendix  of  Plates.  The  work  is,  therefore,  pre- 
sented as  in  every  way  worthy  the  attention  of  all  who  desire  to  be  familiar  with  the  modern  facts 
and  doctrines  of  Physiological  Science. 


The  most  important  contribution  as  yet  made  to 
Pliysitilojjical  Chemistry. — Am.  Journal  Med.  Sci- 
ences, Jan.  1856. 

The  present  volumes  belonnf  to  the  small  class  of 
me<licKl  literature  which  comprises  elaborate  works 
of  the  highest  orderof  merit. — Montreal  Med.  Chron- 
icle, Jan.  1856. 

The  work  of  Lehmann  stands  unrivalled  as  the 
most  comprehensive  book  of  reference  and  informa- 
tion extant  on  every  branch  of  the  subject  on  which 


it  treats. — Edinburgh  Monthly  Journal  of  Medical 
Science. 

Already  well  known  and  appreciated  by  the  scien- 
tific world,  Professor  Nehniann's  great  w^ork  re- 
quires no  laudatory  sentences,  as,  under  a  new  garb, 
it  is  now  presented  to  us.  The  little  space  at  our 
command  would  ill  suffice  to  set  forth  even  a  small 
portion  of  its  excellences. — Boston  Med.  and  Surg. 
Journal,  Dec.  1655. 


BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR.      (Just  IsSUed,  1856.) 

MANUAL  OF  CHEMICAL   PHYSIOLOGY.      Translated  from  the  German, 

with  Notes  and  Additions,  by  J.  Cheston  Morris,  M.  D.,  with  an  Introductory  Essay  on  Vital 
Force,  by  Samuel  .Iackson,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  the  Institutes  of  Medicine  in  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania.  With  illustrations  on  wood.  In  one  very  handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth, 
of  336  pages.    $2  25. 

From  Prof.  JacA-so7i's  Introductory  Essay, 

In  adopting  the  handbook  of  Dr.  Lehmann  as  a  manual  of  Organic  Chemistry  for  the  use  of  the 
students  of  the  University,  and  in  recommending  his  original  work  of  Physiologicai.  Chemistry 
for  their  more  mature  studies,  the  high  value  of  his  researches,  and  the  great  weight  of  his  autho- 
rity in  that  important  department  of  medical  science  are  fully  recognized. 

Thepresent  volume  will  be  a  very  convenient  one  I  dcnsed  form,  the  positive  facts  of  Physiological 
for  students,  as  offering  a  brief  epitome  of  the  more  Chemistry.— ^m.  Journal  .flled.  Sciences,  April,  ISoO. 
elaborate  work,  and  as  containing,  in  a  very  con-  | 


LAWRENCE  (W.),   F.  R.  S.,  &c. 
A  TREATISE    ON    DISEASES    OF    THE    EYE.     A    new  edition,   edited, 

with  numerous  additions,  and  243  illustrations,  by  Isaac  Hays,  M.  D.,  Surgeon  to  Will's  Hospi- 
tal, &c.  In  one  very  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume,  of  950  pages,  strongly  bound  in  leather 
with  raised  bands.     $5  00. 

This  work  is  so  universally  recognized  as  the  standard  authority  on  the  subject,  that  the  pub- 
lishers in  presenting  this  new  edition  have  only  to  remark  that  in  its  preparation  the  editor  has 
carefully  revised  every  portion,  introducing  additions  and  illustrations  wherever  the  advance  of 
science' has  rendered  them  necessary  or  desirable,  constituting  it  a  complete  and  thorough 
exponent  of  the  most  advanced  state  of  the  subject. 

This  admirable  treatise-  the  safest  guide  and  most  1  octavo  pages-has  enabled  both  author  and  editor  to 
com^^ehensfveworrof  reference,  wl.ich  is  within  ,  do  Justice  to  all  thVlTilf,; -;,  e'tVseLT^t^;^ 
the  r'lach  of  the  profession.-S.e.Ao5co;>e.  ,  f^Zl^.^Zr^^l^Mr^c'^^^^^^^        del^nmenV, 

This   standard   text-book   on   the   department  or  ^^'^^.r^hy■ns  pn^^^^^^^^ 

which  it  treats,  has  not  been  superseded,  by  any  or     '>^""^'>-'?7'"l"^,tnererv  medical      braJy      The 

all   of  the   numerous  publications   on   the   sul'ject    ence   indispensable  in  ever)  m^^^^^^ 

heretofore  issued.   Nor  with  the  multiplied  improve-    additions  "f''«, American  edUor  ve  >  ^j^e  'Uj    en 

ments  of  Dr.  Hays,  the  American  editor,  is  it  at  all  ,  hance  the  value  of  the  work,  ex  ubiti^^^^^ 

likely  that  this  great  work  will  cease  to  merit  the    «"f,«f ["f.^^^^^'f^^'^  ^^^j'kr    autl  rr  ty  o„  all  sub! 

confidence  and  preference  of  students  or  practition-     ought  »" 'f, ''.^\'^'/,^,^,f>'^^^^^^^^  ^  j^^a.  Gaz. 

ers.    Us  ample  extent-nearly  one  thousand  large  ,  jects  appertaining  to  this  specialty,    ly.x.mea.yx 

LARDNER  (DIONYSIUS),   D.  C.  L.,  &.C. 
H\NDBOOKS    OF    NATURAL    PHILOSOPHY    AND    ASTROxNOMY. 

nics,  "y'".''?'f''^;' /^>'  ,•^"'4?  75.    Second  Course,  containing  Heat,  Electricity, 

iS:n::;is; .  a;c^i:i;::;isJi;  irelmeja^e  n,yai  i2mo.,  of  f^^^^^^;^^:;^^^ 

$1  o.^THtRD  Course  («««.r.«<y),  containing  Meteorology  and  Astronomy,  m  one  la.gevolume, 
•     royal  12mo.  of  nearly  800  pages,  with  37  plates  and  200  wood-cuts.    $2  00. 


20 


BLANCHARD    &    LEA'S    MEDICAL 


LA    ROCHE   (R.),    M.  D.,  &.c. 
YELLOW  FEVER,  considered   in  its  Historical,  Pathological,  Etiological,  and 

Therapeutical  Relations.     Ineiiiiling-  a  Siceteh  of  the  Disease  as  it  has  occurred  in  IMiilacielphia 
from  1699  to  18.')4,  with  an  examination  of  the  connections  between  it  antl  the  fevers  icnown  inuler 
the  same  name  in  other  parts  of  temperate  as  well  as  in  tropical  rej^ions      In  two  large  and 
handsome  octavo  volumes  of  nearly  1500  pages,  extra  cloth.     {Just  Issued.)    $7  00. 
From  Professor  S.  II.  Dickson,  Ckarlestcn,  S.  C, 


September  18,  18.55. 

A  monument  of  intelligent  and  well  applied  re- 
Be.-irch,  almost  without  example.  It  is,  indeed,  in 
itself,  a  large  library,  and  is  destined  to  constitute 
the  special  resort  as  a  book  of  reference,  in  the 
subject  of  which  it  treats,  to  all  future  time. 

We  have  not  time  at  present,  enjjaged  as  we  are, 
by  d:i^-  and  by  night,  in  the  work  of  combating  this 
very  disease,  now  prevailing  in  out  city,  to  do  more 
than  give  this  cursory  notice  of  what  we  consider 
as  undoubtedly  the  most  able  and  erudite  medicdl 
publication  our  country  has  yet  produced  I?iit  in 
view  of  the  startlinir  fact,  that  this,  the  most  malig- 
nant and  unmanageable  disease  of  modern  times, 
has  for  several  years  been  prevailing  in  our  country 
to  a  greater  extent  than  ever  before;  that  it  is  no 
longer  confined  to  eitlicr  large  or  small  cities,  but 
penetrates  country  villages,  plantati(uis,  and  farm- 
houses; that  it  is  treated  witli  scarcely  better  suc- 
cess now  than  thirty  or  forty  years  ago;  that  there 
is  vast  mischief  done  by  ignorant  pretenders  to  know- 
ledge in  regard  to  the  disease,  and  in  view  of  the  pro- 
bability that  a  majority  of  southern  physicians  will 
be  called  upon  to  treat  the  disease,  we  trust  that  this 
able  and  comprehensive  treatise  will  he  very  gene- 
rally read  in  the  south. — Memphis  Med.  Recorder. 

Tliis  is  decidedly  the  great  American  medical  work 
of  the  day — a  full,  complete,  and  systematic  treatise, 
unequHlled  by  any  other  upon  the  all-important  sub- 
ject of  Yellow  Fever.  The  laborious,  indefatigable, 
and  learned  author  has  devoted  to  it  many  years  of 


arduous  research  and  careful  study,  and  the  result 
is  such  as  will  reflect  the  highest  lionor  upon  the 
author  and  our  country. —  Southern  Med.  and  Surg. 
Journal. 

The  genius  and  scholarship  of  this  great  physician 
could  not  have  been  belter  employed  than  in  the 
erection  of  this  towering  monument  to  his  own  fame, 
and  to  the  glory  of  the  medical  literature  of  his  own 
country.  It  is  destined  to  remain  the  great  autho- 
rity upon  the  subject  of  Yellow  Fever.  The  student 
and  physician  will  find  in  these  vidumes  a  risumi 
of  the  sum  total  of  the  knowledge  of  the  world  up(m 
the  awful  scourge  which  they  so  elaborately  discuss. 
The  style  is  so  soft  and  so  pure  as  to  refresh  and  in- 
vigorate the  mind  while  absorbing  the  thoughts  of 
the  gifted  author,  while  the  publishers  have  suc- 
ceeded in  bringing  theexternals  intoa  most  felicitous 
harm(my  with  the  inspiration  that  dwells  within. 
Take  it  all  in  all,  it  is  a  book  we  have  often  dreamed 
of,  hut  dreamed  not  that  it  would  ever  meet  our 
waking  eye  as  a  tangible  reality. — Nashville  Journal 
of  Medicine. 

We  deem  it  fortunate  that  the  splendid  work  of 
Dr.  La  Roche  should  have  been  issued  from  the  press 
at  this  particular  time.  The  want  of  a  reliable  di- 
gest of  all  that  is  known  in  relntion  to  this  frightful 
malady  has  long  been  felt — a  want  very  satisfactorily 
met  in  the  work  befnre  us.  We  deem  it  but  faint 
praise  to  say  that  Dr.  La  R(  die  has  succeeded  in 
presenting  the  profession  with  an  able  and  complete 
monograph,  one  wliicli  will  find  its  way  into  every 
well  ordered  library. —  Va.  Stethoscope. 


BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 

PNEUMONIA ;  its  Supposed  Connection,  Pathological  and  Etiological,  with  Au- 
tumnal Fevers,  including  an  Inquiry  into  the  Existence  and  Morbid  Agency  of  Malaria.  In  one 
handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  500  pages.    $.3  00. 

A  more  simple,  clear,  and  forcible  exposition  of  This  work  should  be  carefully  studied  by  Southern 
the  groundless  nature  and  dangerous  tendency  of  physicians,  embodying  as  it  does  the  reflections  of 
certain  pathological  and  etiological  heresies,  has  an  original  thinker  and  close  observer  on  a  subject 
seldom  been  presented  to  our  notice. — N.  Y.  Journal  peculiarly  their  own. —  Virginia  Med.  and  Surgical 
of  Medicine  and  Collateral  Science.  Journal. 


LAYCOCK  (THOMAS),   M.  D.,   F.  R.  S.  E., 

Professor  of  Practical  and  Clinical  Medicine  in  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  &c. 

LECTURES    ON   THE    PRINCIPLES    AND    METHODS    OF    MEDICAL 

OBSERVATION  AND  RESEARCH.     For  the  Use  of  Advanced  Students  and  Junior  Prac- 
titioners.  In  one  very  neat  royal  12mo.  volume,  extra  cloth.  Price  $1  00.  {Just  Published,  18-')'/.) 

A  review  of  the  book  cannot  now  be  attempted  ;  |  cuniarily)  successful  practice  who  would  be  very 
and  our  desire  is  simply  to  recommend  it  to  all — not  |  much  benefited  by  a  close  study  of  its  precepts  and 
merely  the  class  for  which  it  was  designed;  since     principles. —  Va.  Med.  Journal,  March,  1857. 
there  are  many  senior  practitioners  in  full  and  (pe-  | 


MULLER'S  PRINCIPLES  OF  PHYSICS  AND  METEOROLOGY.     Edited, 

with  Additions,  by  R.  Eglesfeld  Griffith,  M.  D.  In  one  larsre  and  handsome  octavo  vplume, 
extra  cloth,  with  550  wood-cuts,  and  two  colored  plates,    pp.  636.     $3  50. 

MILLER  (HENRYl,  M.  D., 

Professor  of  Obstetrics  and  Diseases  of  Women  and  Children  in  the  University  of  Louisville. 

PRINCIPLES  AND  PRACTICE  OF  OBSTETRICS,  &c  ;  including  the  Treat- 

ment  of  Chronic  Inflammation  of  the  Cervix  and  Body  of  the  Uterus  considered  as  a  frequent 
cause  of  Abortion.  With  about  one  hundred  illustrations  on  wood.  In  one  very  iiandsome  oc- 
tavo volume,  of  over  600  pages.     {Now  Ready.)     $3  75. 

The  reputation  of  Dr.  Miller  as  an  obstetrician  is  loo  widely  spread  to  require  the  attention  of 
the  profession  to  be  specially  called  to  a  volume  containing  the  experience  of  his  long  and  extensive 
practice.  Tlie  very  fav^orable  reception  accorded  to  his  "  Treatise  on  Human  Parturition,"  issued 
some  years  since,  is  an  earnest  that  the  present  work  will  fulfil  the  author's  iiit(>nlion  of  providing 
within  a  moderate  compass  a  ccniiplete  and  trustworthy  text-book  for  the  student,  and  book  of  re- 
ference for  the  practitioner.  Based  to  a  certain  extent  upon  the  former  work,  but  enlarged  to  more 
than  double  its  size,  and  almost  wholly  rewritten,  it  presents,  besides  the  matured  experience  of 
the  author,  the  ino<t  recent  views  and  investigations  of  modern  obstetric  writers,  such  as  Dt:bois, 
Cazeaux,  Sinipso.v,  Tyler  Smith,  &:c.,  thus  embodying  the  results  not  only  of  the  American, 
btit  also  of  the  Paris,  the  London,  and  the  Edinburgh  obstetric  schools.  The  author's  position  for  so 
many  years  as  a  teacher  of  his  favorite  branch,  has  jfiv^en  him  a  familiarity  with  the  wants  of  stu- 
dents and  a  facility  of  conveying  instruction,  which  cannot  fail  to  render  the  volume  eminently 
adapted  to  its  purposes. 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS. 


21 


MEIGS  (CHARLES  D.),  M.  D., 

Frofessor  of  Obstetrics,  A,c.  in  the  JelTerson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia. 

OBSTETRICS:   THE    SCIP^NCE   AND   THE   ART.     Third  edition,  revised 

and  improved.    With  one  hundred  and  twenlv-nine  illustrations.  In  one  beautifully  printed  octavo 

volume,  leather,  of  seven  hundred  and  fifty-two  large  pages.     S3  75. 

The  rapid  demand  for  another  edition  of  this  work  is  a  sufficient  expression  of  the  favorable 
verdict  of  the  profession.  In  thus  preparing-  it  a  third  time  for  the  press,  the  author  has  endeavored 
to  render  it  in  every  rospeet  worthy  of  the  favor  which  it  has  received.  To  accomplish  this  he 
has  thoroughly  revised  it  in  every  part.  Some  portions  have  been  rewritten,  others  added,  new 
illustrations  have  been  in  many  instances  substituted  for  such  a*  were  not  deemed  satisfactory, 
while,  by  an  alteration  in  the  typographical  arrangement,  the  size  of  the  work  has  not  been  increased, 
and  the  price  remains  unaltered.  In  iispiesenl  improved  form,  it  is,  therefore,  hoped  that  the  work 
will  coiiiinue  to  meet  tlie  wants  of  the  American  profession  as  a  sound,  practical,  and  extended 
System  of  Midwifery. 

Though  the  work  has  received  only  five  pages  of 
enlargement,  its  chapters  tliroughout  wear  the  im- 
prcssiif  careful  revision  Expunging  .and  rewriting, 
rcinodelllng  its  sentences,  with  occasinnsil  new  ma- 
terinl,  all  evince  a  lively  desire  that  it  shall  deserve 
tn  he  regarded  as  improved  in  manner  as  well  as 
rnniie.r.  In  the  matter,  every  stroke  of  the  pen  has 
iiicie^ised  the  value  of  the  book,  both  in  expungings 
and  additions  — Western  Lancet,  Jan.  1S57. 

BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR.     {Lately  Issued.) 

WOMAN :  HER  DISEASES  AND  THEIR   REMEDIES.     A  Series  of  Lee- 

tiires  to  his  Class.     Third  and  Improved  edition.     In  one  large  and  beautifully  printed  octavo 

volume,  leather.        pp.  672.     $.3  60. 

The  gratifying  appreciation  of  his  labors,  as  evinced  by  the  exhaustion  of  two  large  impressions 
of  this  work  within  a  few  years,  has  not  been  lost  upon  the  author,  who  has  endeavored  in  every 
way  to  render  it  worthy  of  the  favor  with  which  it  has  been  received.  The  opportunity  thus 
afforded  for  a  second  revision  has  been  improved,  and  the  work  is  now  presented  as  in  every  way 
superior  to  its  predecessors,  additions  and  alterations  having  been  made  whenever  the  advance  of 
science  has  rendered  them  desirable.  The  typographical  execution  of  the  work  will  also  be  found 
to  have  undergone  a  similar  improvement,  and  the  work  is  now  confidently  presented  as  in  every 
way  worthy  the  position  it  has  acquired  as  the  standard  American  text-book  on  the  Diseases  of 
Females. 


The  best  American  work  on  INIidwifcry  that  is 
accessible  to  the  student  and  practitioner — N.  W. 
Med.  and  Surg.  Journal,  Jan.  1857. 

This  is  a  standard  -work  by  a  great  American  Ob- 
stetrician. It  is  the  third  and  last  edition,  and,  in 
the  larguage  of  the  preface,  the  author  has  "brought 
the  subject  up  to  the  latest  dates  of  real  improve- 
ment in  our  art  and  Science." — Nashville  Journ.  of 
Med.  and  Surg.,  May,  1857. 


It  contains  n  vast  amount  of  practical  knowledge, 
by  one  who  has  accurately  observed  and  retained 
the  experience  of  many  years,  and  who  tells  the  re- 
sult in  a  free,  familiar,  and  pleasant  manner. — Dub- 
lin Quarterly  Journal. 

Tliere  is  an  oflT-hand  fervor,  a  glow,  and  a  warm- 
heartedness infecting  the  effnt  of  Dr.  Meigs,  which 
is  entirely  captivating,  and  which  absolutely  hur- 
ries the  reader  through  from  beginning  to  end.  Be- 
sides, the  book  teems  with  solid  instruction,  and 
it  shows  the  very  highest  evidence  of  ability,  viz., 
the  clearness  with  which  the  information  is  pre- 
sented. We  know  of  no  better  test  of  one's  under- 
standing a  subject  than  the  evidence  of  the  power 
The  most  elementary,  as 


such  bold  relief,  as  to  produce  distinct  impressions 
upon  the  mind  and  memory  of  the  reader.  —  Th« 
Charleston  Med.  Journal. 

Professor  Meigs  has  enlarged  and  amended  this 
great  work,  for  such  it  unquestionably  is,  having 
passed  the  ordeal  of  criticism  at  home  and  abroad, 
but  been  improved  thereby  |  for  in  this  new  edition 
the  author  has  introduced  real  improvements,  and 
increased  the  value  and  utility  of  the  book  im- 
measurably. It  presents  so  many  novel,  bright, 
and  sparkling  thoughts;  such  an  exuberance  of  new 
ideas  on  almost  every  jiage,  that  we  confess  our- 
selves to  have  become  enamored  with  the  book 
and  its  author  ;  and  cannot  withhold  our  congratu- 
lations from  our  Philadelphia  confreres,  that  such  a 
teacher  is  in  their  service.— iV.  Y.  Med.  Gazette. 


of  lucidly  explaining  it      _ 

well  as  the  obscurest  subjects,  under  the  pencil  of 

Prof.  Meigs,  are  isolated  and  made  to  stand  out  in 

BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR.     {Lately  Published.) 

ON    THE    NATURE,    SIGNS,    AND    TREATMENT    OF    CHILDBED 

FEVER.     In   a  Series  of  Letters  addressed  to  the  Students  of  his  Class.     In  one  handsome 
octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  365  pages.     $2  50. 


This  book  will  add  more  to  his  fame  than  either 
of  those  which  bear  his  name.  Indeed  we  doubt 
whether  anv  material  improvement  will  be  made  on 
the  teachings  of  this  volume  for  a  century  to  come, 
since  it  is  so  eminently  practical,  and  based  on  pro- 
found knowledge  of  the  science  and  consummate 
skill  in  the  art  of  healing,  and  ratified  by  an  ample 
and  extensive  experience,  such  as  few  men  have  the 
industry  or  good  fortune  to  acquire.— iV.  Y.  Med. 
Gazette, 


The  instructive  and  interesting  author  of  this 
work,  whose  previous  labors  in  the  department  of 
medicine  which  he  so  sedulously  cultivates,  have 
placed  his  countrymen  under  deep  and  abiding  obli- 
gati(ms,  again  challenges  their  admiration  in  the 
fresh  and  vigorous,  attractive  and  racy  pages  before 
us.  It  is  a  delectable  book.  *  *  *  This  treatise 
upon  child-bed  fevers  will  have  an  extensive  sale, 
being  destined,  as  it  deserves,  to  find  a  place  in  the 
library  of  every  practitioner  who  scorns  to  lag  in  the 
tear.— Nashville  Journal  of  Medicine  and  Surgery. 

BY   THE   SAME   AUTHOR  ;    WITH  C0L0RT:D  PLATES. 

A  TREATISE  ON  ACUTE  AND  CHRONIC  DISEASES  OF  THE  NECK 

■^J.\L^^-^|^^-\^US      With  numerous  plates,  drawn  and  colored  from  nature  in  the  highest 
s^yle  oVart      In  one  handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth.     $4  50. 

MALGAIGNE'S  OPERATIVE  SURGERY,  based 
on  Normal  and  Pathological  Anatomy.  Trans- 
lated from  the  French  by  Frederick  Brittan, 
A.  B.,M  D.  Withnumerousillustrutionson  wood 
In  one  hnndsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of 
nearly  si.x  hundred  pages.    $'.2  25. 


AND     THERA- 

Comprising 
lica,  with   every 


;'-';"''\V^::^u^i)m^:i^edtrthVee  British 
Phrrmacopc^  as  Edited  with  the  addition  of  the 
J^liarmat.  i  pharmacopceia,  by  R.  E. 

Formula  o^fjil^«    1  12nio.  vol.  ex.cl.,300pp    7.Sc. 


Formal 
GaiFFiTf 


22 


BLANCHARD   &    LEA'S    MEDICAL 


MACLISE   (JOSEPH),    SURGEON. 
SURGrlCAL   ANATOMY.     Forming   one  volume,   very  large   imperial   quarto. 

With  sixty-eight  large  and  splendid  Plates,  drawn  in  the  liest  style  and  heautifiilly  eoioreci.    Con- 
taining one  hundred  and  ninety  Figures,  many  of  them  the  size  of  liCe.     Togetlier  with  copious 
and  explanatory  letter-press.    Strongly  and  handsomely  bound  in  extra  cloth,  being  one  oi"  the 
cheapest  and  best  executed  Surgical  works  as  yet  issued  in  this  country.    ©11  00. 
*^*  The  size  of  this  work  prevents  its  transmission  through  the  post-olFice  as  a  whole,  but  those 

who  desire  to  have  copies  forwarded  by  mail,  can  receive  them  in  five  parts,  done  up  m  stout 

w^rappers.     Price  $9  00. 

One  of  the  greatest  artistic  triumphs  of  the  age 
in  Surgical  Anatomy. — British  American  Medical 
Journal. 


Too  much  cannot  he  said  in  its  praise;  indeed, 
we  have  not  liingcRige  to  do  it  justice. — Ohio  Medi- 
cal and  Surgical  Journal. 

The  most  admirable  surgical  atlas  we  have  seen. 
To  the  practitioner  deprived  of  demonstrative  dis- 
sections upon  the  liuman  subject,  it  is  an  invaluable 
companion. — N.  J.  Medical  Reporter. 

The  most  accurately  engraved  and  beautifully 
colored  plates  we  have  ever  seen  in  an  American 
bonk — one  of  the  best  and  cheapest  surgical  works 
ever  published. — Buffalo  Medical  Journal. 

It  is  very  rare  that  so  elegantly  printed,  so  well 
illustrated,  and  so  useful  a  work,  is  offered  at  bo 
moderate  a  price. — Charleston  Medical  Journal. 

Its  plates  can  boast  a  superiority  which  places 
them  almost  beyond  the  reach  of  competition. — Medi- 
cal Examiner.  -. 

Every  practitioner,  we  think,  should  have  a  work 
of  this  kind  within  reach. — Southern  Medical  and 
Surgical  Journal. 

No  such  lithographic  illustrations  of  surgical  re- 
gi(ms  have  hitherto,  we  think,  been  given. — Boston 
Medical  and  Surgical  Journal. 

As  a  surgical  anatomist,  Mr.  Maclise  has  proba- 
bly no  superior. — British  and  Foreign  Medico-Chi- 
rurgical  Review. 

Of  great  value  to  the  student  engaged  in  dissect- 
ing, and  to  the  surgeon  at  a  distance  from  the  means 


of  keeping  up  his  anatomical  knowledge. — Medical 
Times. 

The  mechanical  execution  cannot  be  excelled. — 
Transylvania  Medical  Journal. 

A  work  which  has  no  parallel  in  point  of  accu- 
racy and  cheapness  in  the  English  language. — iV.  Y. 
Journal  of  Medicine. 

To  all  engaged  in  the  study  or  practice  of  their 
profession,  such  a  work  is  almost  indispensable. — 
Dublin  Quarterly  Medical  Journal. 

No  practitioner  whose  means  will  admit  should 
fail  to  possess  it. — Ranking^s  Abstract. 

Country  practitioners  will  find  these  plates  of  im- 
mense value. — JV.  Y.  Medical  Gazette. 

We  are  extremely  gratified  to  announce  to  the 
profession  the  completion  of  this  truly  magnificent 
work,  which,  as  a  whole,  certainly  stands  unri- 
valled, both  for  accuracy  of  drawing,  beauty  of 
coloring,  and  all  the  requisite  explanations  of  the 
subject  in  hand. — The  New  Orleans  Medical  and 
Surgical  Journal. 

This  is  by  far  the  ablest  work  on  Surgical  Ana- 
tomy that  has  come  under  our  observation.  We 
Icnow  of  no  other  work  that  would  justify  a  stu- 
dent, in  any  degree,  for  neglect  of  actual  diss'C- 
ti(m.  In  those  sudden  emergencies  that  so  often 
arise,  and  which  require  the  instantaneous  command 
of  minute  anatomical  knowledge,  a  work  of  this  kind 
keeps  the  details  of  the  dissecting-room  perpetually 
fresh  in  the  memory. — The  Western  Journal  of  Medi- 
cine and  Surgery. 


J^^  The  very  low  price  at  which  this  work  is  furnished,  and  the  beauty  of  its  execution, 
reqtiire  an  extended  sale  to  compensate  the  publishers  for  the  heavy  expenses  incurred. 


MOHR  (FRANCIS),  PH.  D.,  AND  REDWOOD  (TH  EOPH  I  LUS). 
PRACTICAL    PHARMACY.     Comprising  the  Arrangements,  Apparatus,  and 

Manipulations  of  the  Pharmaceutical  Shop  and  Laboratory.  Edited,  with  extensive  Additions, 
by  Prof.  William  Procter,  of  the  Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy.  In  one  handsomely 
printed  octavo  volutne,  extra  cloth,  of  570  pages,  with  over  500  engravings  on  wood.     $2  75. 


MACKENZIE   (W.),    M.  D., 

Surgeon  Oculist  in  Scotland  in  ordinary  to  Her  Majesty,  &c.  &c. 

A  PRACTICAL   TREATISE  ON   DISEASES   AND  INJURIES  OF   THE 

EYE.  To  which  is  prefixed  an  Anatomical  Introduction  explanatory  of  a  Horizontal  Section  of 
the  Human  Eyeball,  by  Thomas  Wharton  Jones,  F.  R.  S.  From  the  Fourth  Revised  and  En- 
larired  London  Edition.  With  Notes  and  Additions  by  Addinell  Hewson,  M.  D.,  Surgeon  to 
Wills  Hospital,  &c.  &c.  In  one  very  large  and  handsome  octavo  volume,  leather,  raised  bands,  with 
plates  and  numerous  wood-cuts.     $5  25. 


The  treatise  of  Dr.  Mackenzie  indisputably  holds 
the  firstplace,  and  forms,  in  respect  of  learning  and 
research,  an  Encyclopaedia  uneqii;illed  in  extent  by 
any  other  work  of  the  kind,  eiliier  English  or  foreign. 
— Dixon  on  Diseases  of  the  Eye. 

Few  modern  books  on  any  department  of  medicine 
or  surgery  have  met  with  such  extended  circulation, 
or  have  procured  for  their  authors  a  like  amount  of 
European  celebrity.  The  immense  research  which 
it  displayed,  tlie  thorough  acquaintance  with  the 
subject,  practically  as  well  as  theoretically ,  and  the 
able  manner  in  which  the  author's  stores  of  learning 
and  experience  were  rendered  available  for  general 
use,  at  once  procured  for  the  first  edition,  as  well  on 
the  continent  as  in  this  country,  that  hi^h  position 
as  a  standard  work  wliich  each  successive  edition 
has  more  firmly  established,  in  spite  of  the  attrac- 
tions of  several  rivals  of  no  mean  ability.  This,  the 
fourth  edition,  has  been  in  a  great  measure  re-writ- 
ten ;  new  matter,  to  the  extent  of  one  hundred  and 
fifty  pages,  has  been  added,  and  in  several  instances 
formerly  expressed  opinions  have  been  modified  in 


accordance  with  the  advances  in  the  science  which 
have  been  made  of  late  years.  Nothing  worthy  of 
repetition  upon  any  branch  of  the  subject  appears  to 
have  escaped  the  author's  notice.  We  consider  it 
the  duty  of  every  one  who  has  the  love  of  his  profes- 
sion and  the  welfare  of  his  patient  at  heart,  to  make 
himself  familiar  with  this  the  most  complete  work 
in  the  English  language  upon  the  diseases  of  the  eye. 
— Med.  Titnes  and  Gazette. 

The  fourth  edition  of  this  standard  work  will  no 
doubt  be  as  fully  appreciated  as  the  three  former  edi- 
tions. It  is  unnecessary  to  say  a  word  in  its  praise, 
for  the  verdict  has  already  been  passed  upon  it  by 
the  most  competent  judges,  and  "  Mackenzie  on  the 
Eye"  has  justly  obtained  a  reputation  which  it  is 
no  figure  of  speech  to  call  world-wide. — British  and 
Foreign  Medico-C hirurgical  Review. 

This  new  edition  of  Dr.  Mackenzie's  celebrated 
treatise  on  diseases  of  the  eye,  is  truly  a  miracle  of 
industry  and  learning.  We  need  scarcely  say  that 
he  has  entirely  exhausted  the  subject  of  his  specialty. 
— Dublin  Quarterly  Journal. 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS. 


23 


MILLER  (JAMES),  F.  R.  S.  E., 
Professor  of  Surgery  in  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  &c. 

PRINCIPLES  OF  SURGERY.     Fourth  American,  from  the  third  and  revised 

Edinburgh  edition.    In  one  large  and  very  beautiful  volume,  leather,  of  700  pages,  with  two 

hundred  and  forty  ex(iuisile  illustrations  on  wood.     (Just  Issued,  18.')6.)        $3  75. 

The  extended  reputation  enjoyed  by  this  work  will  be  fully  maintained  by  the  present  edition. 
Thoroughly  revised  by  the  author,  it  will  be  found  a  clear  and  compendious  exposition  of  surgical 
science  in  its  most  advanced  condition. 

In  connection  with  the  recently  issued  third  edition  of  the  author's  "  Practice  of  Surgery,"  it 
forms  a  very  complete  system  of  Surgery  in  all  its  branches. 


The  work  of  Mr.  Miller  is  ton  well  and  too  favor- 
al)ly  known  Mmonjj  us,  as  one  of  our  best  text-l>ook8, 
to  render  any  further  notice  of  it  necet^sary  llian  the 
Hniiiiunoeinpnt  of  a  new  edition,  the  fourth,  in  our 
ciiuntry,  a  proof  of  its  extensive  circulation  amons: 
lis.  As  a  concise  and  re|jal)le  exposition  of  the  sci- 
ence of  modern  surtrery,  it  stands  deservedly  hi£;h — 

\\n  know  not  its  superior Boston  Med.  and  Surg. 

Jnitrnal, 

It  presents  the  most  satisfnetory  exposition  of  tlie 
niodi'rn  doctrines  of  the  principles  of  surgery  to  be 
found  in  any  volume  in  any  language. — N.  Y.  Journal 
0}  Medicine. 

The  work  takes  rank  with  Watson's  Practice  of 
Physic;  it  certainly  does  not  fall  behind  that  preat 
work  in  soundness  of  principle  or  depth  of  reason- 
ing and  research.    Mo  physician  who  values  his  re- 

BY   THE   SAME  AUTHOR.      {NoW  Ready.) 

THE   PRACTICE   OF   SURGERY.      Fourth  American  from  the  htst  EJin- 

burgh  edition.     Eevised  by  the  American  editor.     Illustrated  by  three  hundred  and  sixty-four 
engravings  on  wood.     In  one  large  octavo  volume,  leather,  of  nearly  700  pages.     $3  7.5. 


putation,  or  seeks  the  interests  of  his  clients,  can 
acquit  himself  before  his  God  and  the  world  without 
making  himself  familiar  with  the  sound  and  philo- 
sophical views  developed  in  the  foregoing  book. — 
A'etc  Orleans  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

Without  doubt  the  ablest  exposition  of  the  prin- 
eiples  of  that  branch  of  the  healing  art  in  any  lan- 
guage. This  opinion,  deliberately  formed  after  a 
careful  study  of  the  first  edition,  we  have  had  no 
cause  to  change  on  examining  the  second.  This 
edition  has  undergone  thorough  revision  by  the  au- 
thor; many  expressions  have  been  modilied,  and  a 
mass  of  new  matter  introduced.  The  book  is  got  up 
in  the  finest  style,  and  is  an  evidence  of  the  progress 
of  typography  in  our  country. — Charleston  Medical 
Journal  and  Review. 


No  encomium  of  ours  could  add  to  the  popularity 
of  Miller's  Surgery.  Its  reputation  in  this  country 
is  unsurpassed  by  that  of  any  other  work,  and,  when 
taken  in  connection  with  the  author's  Frinriples  of 
Surgery,  constitutes  a  whcde,  \\'ithout  reference  to 
which  no  conscientious  surgeon  would  be  willing 
to  practice  his  art.  The  additions,  by  Dr.  Sargent, 
have  materially  enhanced  the  value  of  the  work. — 
Southern  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal. 

It  is  seldom  tliat  two  volumes  have  ever  made  so 
profound  an  impression  in  so  short  a  time  as  the 
"  Principles"  and  the  "  Practice"  of  Surgery  by 
Mr.  Miller — or  so  richly  merited  the  reputation  they 
have  acquired.  The  author  is  an  eminently  sensi- 
ble, practic;il,  and  well-informed  man,  who  knows 
exactly  what  he  is  talking  about  and  exactly  how  to 
talk  it. — Kentucky  Medical  Recorder. 

By  the  almost  unanimous  voice  of  the  profession, 


his  works,  both  on  the  principles  and  practice  of 
surgery  have  been  assigned  the  highest  rank.  If  we 
were  limited  to  but  one  work  on  surgery,  that  one 
should  be  Miller's,  as  we  regard  it  as  superior  to  all 
others. — St.  Louis  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

The  author,  distinguished  alike  as  a  practitioner 
and  writer,  has  in  this  and  his  "  Principles,"  pre- 
sented to  the  profession  one  of  the  most  completeand 
reliable  systems  of  Surgery  extant.  His  style  of 
writing  is  original,  impressive,  and  engaging,  ener- 
getic, concise,  and  lucid.  Few  have  the  faculty  of 
condensing  so  much  in  small  space,  and  at  the  same 
time  so  persistently  holding  the  attention;  indeed, 
he  appears  to  make  the  very  process  of  condensation 
a  means  of  eliminating  attractions.  Whether  as  a 
text-book  for  students  or  a  book  of  reference  t'or 
practitioners,  it  cannot  be  too  strongly  recommend- 
ed.— Southern  Journal  of  Med.  and  Phys.  Sciences. 


MONTGOMERY  (W.  F.),    M.  D.,   M.  R.  I.  A.,  <Sic., 

Professor  of  Midwifery  in  the  King  and  Queen's  College  of  Physicians  in  Ireland,  &c. 

AN  EXPOSITION  OF  THE  SIGNS  AND  SYiMPTOMS  OF  PREGNANCY. 

With  some  other  Papers  on  Subjects  connected  with  Midwifery.     From  the  second  and  enlarged 
English  edition.     With  two  exquisite  colored   plates,  and  numerous  wood-cuts.     In  o^ne  very 
handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  nearly  COO  pages.     {Nuio  Ready,  18-37.)     §3  7.5. 
The  present  edition  of  this  classical  volume  is  fairly  entitled  to  be  regarded  as  anew  work,  every 
sentence  havin"-  been  carefully  rewritten,  and  the  whole  increased  to  more  than  double  the  original 
size.     The  title  of  the   work  scarcely  docs  justice  to  the  extent  and  importance  of  the  topics 
brou"-ht  under  consideration,  embracing,  with  the  exception  of  the  operative  procedures  of  mid- 
wifery  almo-^l  everything  connected  with  obstetrics,  either  directly  or  incidentally;  and  there  are 
fi-w  ph'v^icians  who  will  not  find  in  its  pasres  much  that  will  prove  of  great  interest  and  value  m 
their  d'lilv  practice      The  special  Essays  on  the  Period  ofHuman  Gestation,  the  Signs  of  Delivery, 
and  the  Spontaneous  Amputation  and  other  Lesions  of  the  Foetus  in  Utero  present  topics  of  the 
highest  inleresl  fully  treated  and  beautifully  illustrated.  ,  .,     u     j  ,      .•  i 

In  every  point  of  mechanical  execution  the  work  will  be  found  one  of  the  handsomest  yet  issued 
from  the  American  press. 

has  been  weighed  and  reweighed  through  years  of 
preparation;  that  tliis  is  of  all  otiiers  the  book  of 
Obstetric  Liiw,  on  each  of  its  several  topics;  on  all 
points  connected  ■with  pregnancy,  to  be  everywhere 
received  as  a  manual  of  special  jurisprudence,  at 
once  announcing  fact,  atrorlingarguinent,  establish- 
ing precedent,  and  governing  alike  the  juryman,  ad- 
v(icate,  and  judge.  It  is  not  merely  in  its  legal  re- 
lations that  we  find  tliis  work  so  interesting.  Hardly 
a  page  but  that  has  its  hints  or  facts  import.-int  to 
the  general  practitioner;  and  not  a  chapter  without 
espeoi;il  matter  for  the  anatomist,  pin  siologist,  or 
pathologist.— iV.  A.  Mtd.-Chir.  {.■<■:■>-.  Mitch, 
1637. 


A  hook  unusually  rich  in  practical  suggestions.— 
Am   Journal  Med.  Sciences,  Jan.  1857. 

These  several  subjects  so  interesting  in  them- 
selves, and  so  important,  every  one  of  them,  to  the 
most  delicate  and  precious  of  social  relations,  con- 
trollin<r  often  the  honor  and  domestic  peace  ol  a 
family!  the  legitimacy  of  otTspring,  or  the  lile  of  its 
pi.rent,  are  all  treated  with  an  elegance  of  diction, 
lulness  of  illustrations,  acutenessand  justice  of  rea- 
sonin",  unparalleled  in  obsletrics,  and  unsurpassed  in 
medicine  The  reader's  interest  can  never  Hag,  so 
fresh,  and  vigorous,  and  classical  is  our  author  s 
st\le-  and  one  forgets,  in  the  renewed  charm  o 
every' puge,  that  it.^and  every  line,  and  every  word 


24 


BLANCHARD   &    LEA'S   MEDICAL 


NEILL  (JOHN),   M.  D., 

Surgeon  to  the  Pennsylvaniii  Hospital,  &c.;  and 

FRANCIS  GURNEY   SMITH,   M.D., 

Professor  of  Institutes  of  Medicine  in  the  Pennsylvania  Aledical  College. 

AN  ANALYTICAL   COMPENDIUM   OF   THE   VARIOUS   BRANCHES 

OF  MEDICAL  SCIENCE  ;  for  the  Use  and  Examination  of  Students.     A  new  edition,  revised 
and  improved.     In  one  very  larg-e  and  handsomely  printed  royal  12mo.  volume,  of  al)()iit  one 
thousand  pages,  Vfilh  374  wood-cuts.     Strongly  bound  in  leather,  with  raised  bands.     $3  00. 
The  very  flattering  reception  which  has  been  accorded  to  this  work,  and  the  high  estimate  placed 
upon  it  by  the  profession,  as  evinced  by  the  constant  and  increasing  demand  which  has  rapidly  ex- 
hausted two  large  editions,  have  stimulated  the  authors  to  render  the  volume  in  its  present  revision 
more  worthy  of  the  success  which  has  attended  it.     It  has  accordingly  been  thoroughly  examined, 
and  such  errors  as  had  on  former  occasions  escaped  observation  have  been  corrected,  and  whatever 
additions  were  necessary  to  maintain  it  on  a  level  with  the  advance  of  science  have  been  introduced. 
The  extended  series  of  illustrations  has  been  still  further  increased  and  much  improved,  while,  by 
a  slight  enlargement  of  the  page,  these  various  additions  have  been  incorporated  without  increasing 
the  bulk  of  the  volume. 

The  work  is,  therefore,  again  presentedaseminently  worthy  of  the  favor  with  which  it  has  hitherto 
been  received.  As  a  book  for  daily  reference  by  the  student  requiring  a  guide  to  his  more  elaborate 
text-books,  as  a  manual  for  preceptors  desiring  to  stimulate  their  students  by  frequent  and  accurate 
examination,  or  as  a  source  from  which  the  practitioners  of  older  date  may  easily  and  cheaply  ac()tiire 
a  knowledge  of  the  changes  and  improvement  in  professional  science,  its  reputation  is  permanently 
established. 


The  best  work  of  the  kind  with  which  we  are 
acquainted. — Med.  Exa7nineT. 

Having  made  free  use  of  this  volume  in  our  ex- 
aminations of  pupils,  we  can  speak  from  experi- 
ence in  recommending  it  aa  an  admirable  compend 
for  students,  and  as  especially  useful  to  preceptors 
who  examine  their  pupils.  It  will  save  tiie  teaclier 
much  labor  by  enabling  him  readily  to  recall  all  of 
the  points  upim  wliicli  his  pupils  sliould  be  ex- 
amined. A  work  of  this  sort  should  be  in  the  hands 
of  every  one  who  takes  pupils  into  his  office  with  a 
view  of  examining  them  ;  and  this  is  unquestionably 
the  best  of  its  class. — Transylvania  Med.  Journal. 

In  the  rapid  course  of  lectures,  where  work  for 


the  students  is  heavy,  and  review  necessary  for  an 
examination,  a  compend  is  not  only  valuable,  but 
it  is  almost  a  sine  qua  non.  The  one  before  us  is, 
in  most  of  the  divisions,  the  most  unexceptionalile 
of  all  books  of  the  kind  that  we  know  of.  The 
newest  and  soundest  doctrines  and  the  latest  im- 
provements and  discoveries  are  explicitly,  though 
concisely,  laid  before  the  student.  There  is  a  class 
to  whom  we  very  sincerely  commend  this  cheap  book 
as  worth  its  weight  in  silver — that  class  is  the  gradu- 
ates in  medicine  of  more  than  ten  years'  standing, 
who  have  not  studied  medicine  since.  Tliey  will 
perhaps  find  out  from  it  that  the  science  is  not  exactly 
now  what  it  was  when  they  left  it  off. — Tht  Stetho- 
scope. 


NEILL   (JOHN),    M.  D., 

Professor  of  Surgery  in  the  Pennsylvania  Medical  College,  &c. 

OUTLINES  OF  THE  VEINS  AND  LYMPHATICS.     With  handsome  colored 

plates.     1  vol.,  cloth.  $1  25. 

OUTLINES  OF  THE  NERVES.     With  handsome  plates.     1  vol.,  cloth.  $1  25. 


I. A.,  &c. 


NELIGAN  (J.    MO9RE),  M.  D.,  M.  R. 

{A  splendid  work.     Just  Issued.) 

ATLAS  OF  CUTANEOUS  DISEASES.     In  one  beautiful  quarto  volume,  extra 

cloth,  with  splendid  colored  plates,  presenting  nearly  one  hundred  elaborate  representations  of 
disease.    $4  50. 

This  beautiful  volume  is  intended  as  a  complete  and  accurate  representation  of  all  the  varieties 
of  Diseases  of  the  Skin.  While  it  can  be  consulted  in  conjunction  with  any  work  on  Practice,  it  has 
especial  reference  to  the  author's  "  Treatise  on  Diseases  of  the  Skin,"  so  favorably  received  by  the 
profession  some  years  since.  The  publishers  feel  justified  in  saying  that  k-w  more  beautifully  exe- 
cuted plates  have  ever  been  presented  to  the  profession  of  this  country. 


The  diagnosis  of  eruptive  disease,  however,  under 
all  circumstances,  is  very  difficult.  Nevertheless 
Dr.  Neligan  has  certainly,  "as  far  as  possible," 
given  a  faithful  and  accurate  representation  of  this 
class  of  diseases,  and  there  can  be  no  doubt  that 
these  plates  will  be  of  great  use  to  the  student  and 
practitioner  in  drawing  a  diagnosis  as  to  the  class, 
order,  and  species  to  which  the  particular  case  may 
belong.  AVliile  looking  over  the  "  Atlas"  we  have 
been  induced  to  examine  also  the  "  Practical  Trea- 
tise," and  we  are  inclined  to  consider  it  a  very  su- 
perior work, combining  accurate  verbal  description, 
with  sound  views  of  the  path(dngy  and  treatment  of 
eruptive  diseases. — Glasgow  Med.  Journal. 

The  profession  owes  its  thanks  to  the  publishers  of 
Neligan's  Atlas  of  Cutaneous  Diseases,  for  they  have 

BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 

A   PRACTICAL  TREATISE   ON   DISEASES   OF  THE    SKIN.     Second 

American  edition.     In  one  neat  royal  r2mo.  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  334  pages.     $1  00. 

JB^"  The  two  volumes  will  be  sent  by  mail  on  receipt  of  Five  Dollars. 


placed  within  its  reach  and  at  a  moderate  cost  a  most 
accurate  and  well  delineated  series  of  plates  illus- 
trating the  eruptive  disorders.  These  plates  are  all 
drawn  from  the  life,  and  in  many  of  them  the  daguer- 
reotype has  been  employed  with  great  success.  Such 
virorks  as  these  are  especially  useful  to  country  prac- 
titioners, who  have  not  an  opportunity  of  seeing  the 
rarer  forms  of  cutaneous  disease,  and  hence  need  the 
aid  of  illustrations  to  give  them  the  requisite  infor- 
mation on  the  subject.  With  these  plates  at  hand, 
the  inexperienced  practitioner  is  enabled  to  discri- 
minate with  much  accuracy,  and  he  is  thus,  com- 
paratively speaking,  put  (m  an  equal  footing  with 
those  who  have  had  the  opportunity  of  visiting  the 
large  hospitals  of  Europe  and  America.— Vo.  Med. 
Journal,  June,  1856. 


OWEN  ON  THE  DIFFERENT  FORMS  OF  1 
THE  SKELETON,  AND  OF  THE  TEETH. 


One  vol.  royal  12mo.,  extra  cloth,  with  numerous 
illustrations.     (Just  Issued.)     $1  25. 


AND  SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS. 


25 


(Now  Complete.) 

PEREIRA  (JONATHAN),  M.  D.,  F.  R.  S.,  AND  L.  S. 

THE    ELEMENTS    OF    MATERIA    MEDICA    AND    THERAPEUTICS. 

Third  American  edition,  enlarged  and  improved  by  the  author;  including  Notices  of  most  of  the 
Medicinal  Substances  in  use  in  the  civilized  world,  and  forming  an  Encyclopedia  of  Materia 
Mcdica.  Edited,  with  Additions,  by  Joseph  Carson-,  M.  D.,  I'rofessor  of  Materia  Medica  and 
Pharmacy  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  In  two  very  large  octavo  volumes  of  2100  pages, 
on  small  type,  with  about  500  illu-stralions  on  stone  and  wood,  strongly  bound  in  leather  with 
raised  band.s.     $9  00.  ' 

Gentlemen  who  have  the  first  volume  are  recommended  to  complete  their  copies  without  delay. 
The  first  volume  will  no  longer  be  sold  separate.     Price  of  Vol.  II.  $5  00. 


Whtn  wc  remember  that  Pliilology,  Natural  His- 
tory, Botany,  Chemistry,  Physics,  and  the  Micro- 
scope, are  all  brought  forward  to  elucidate  the  sub- 
ject, one  cannot  fail  to  see  that  the  reader  lias  liere 
a  work  worthy  of  the  name  of  an  encyclopoedia  of 
Materia  Mcdica.  Our  own  opinion  of  its  merits  is 
that  of  its  editors,  and  also  that  of  the  whole  profes- 
sion, both  of  this  and  foreign  countries— namely, 
"  that  in  copiousness  of  details,  in  extent,  variety, 
and  accuracy  of  information,  and  in  lucid  explana- 
tion of  difficult  and  recondite  subjects,  it  surpasses 
all  other  works  on  Materia  Medica  liitherto  pub- 
lished." We  cannot  close  this  notice  without  allud- 
ing to  the  special  additions  of  tlie  American  editor, 
which  pertain  to  the  prominent  vegetable  produc- 
tions of  this  country,  and  to  the  directions  of  the 
United  States  PharmacopcEia,  in  connection  with  all 
the  articles  contained  in  the  volume  which  are  re- 
ferred toby  it.  The  illustrationshave  been  increased, 
and  this  edition  by  Dr.  Carson  cannot  well  be  re- 
piirded  in  any  other  liajht  than  that  of  a  treasure 
which  should  be  found  in  the  library  of  every  physi- 
cian.— New  York  Journal  of  Medical  and  Collateral 
Science. 


The  third  edition  of  his  "Elements  of  Materia 
Medica,  although  completed  under  the  supervision  of 
others,  is  by  fur  the  most  ebiborate  treatise  in  the 
English  language,  and  will,  while  medical  literature 
is  cherished,  continue  a  monument  alike  honorable 
to  his  genius,  as  to  his  learning  and  industry. — 
American  Journal  of  Pharmacy. 

The  work,  in  its  present  shape,  forms  the  most 
comprehensive  and  complete  treatise  on  materia 
medica  extant  in  the  English  language.  —  Dr. 
Pereira  has  been  at  great  pains  to  introduce  into 
his  Avork,  not  only  all  the  information  on  the 
natural,  chemical,  and  commercial  history  of  medi- 
cines, which  miglitbe  serviceable  to  the  physician 
and  surge(m,  but  wliatever  miglit  enable  his  read- 
ers to  understand  thoroughly  the  mode  of  prepar- 
ing and  manufacturing  various  articles  employed 
either  for  preparing  medicines,  or  for  certain  pur- 
poses in  the  arts  connected  with  materia  medica 
and  the  practice  of  medicine.  The  accounts  of  the 
physiological  and  therapeutic  effects  of  remedies  are 
given  with  great  clearness  and  accuracy,  and  in  a 
manner  calculated  to  interest  as  well  as  instruct  the 
reader. — Edinburgh,  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal. 


PEASLEE  (E.  R.),   M.  D., 

Professor  of  Physiology  and  General  Pathology  in  the  New  York  Medical  College. 

HUMAN  HISTOLOGY,  in  its  relations  to  Anatomy,  Physiology,  and  Pathology; 
for  the  use  of  Medical  Students.  With  four  hundred  and  thirty-four  illustrations.  In  one  hand- 
some octavo  volume,  of  over  600  pages.     (Now  Ready.)     $3  75. 

The  rapid  advances  made  of  late  years  in  our  knowledge  of  the  structure  and  functions  of  the 
elements  which  constitute  the  liuinan  body,  have  rendered  the  subject  of  Histology  of  the  highest 
importance  to  all  who  regard  medicine  as  a  science.  At  the  same  time,  the  vast  body  of  facts 
covered  by  Physiology  has  caused  our  text-books  on  that  subject  to  be  necessarily  restricted  in 
their  treatment  of  the  portions  devoted  to  Histology.  A  want  has,  therefore,  arisen  of  a  work  de- 
voted especially  to  the  minute  anatomy  of  the  body,  giving  a  complete  and  detailed  account  of  the 
structure  of  the  various  tissues,  as  well  as  the  solids  and  fluids,  in  all  the  diflerent  organs — their 
functions  in  health,  and  their  changes  in  disease.  In  undertaking  this  task,  the  author  has  endea- 
vored to  present  his  extensive  subject  in  the  manner  most  likely  to  interest  and  benefit  the  physician, 
confident  that  in  these  details  will  be  found  the  basis  of  true  medical  science.  The  very  large 
number  of  illustrations  introduced  throughout,  serves  amply  to  elucidate  the  text,  while  the  typo- 
graphy of  the  volume  will  in  every  respect  be  found  of  the  handsomest  description. 


PIRRIE  (WILLIAM),  F.  R.  S.  E., 

Professor  of  Surgery  in  the  University  of  Aberdeen. 

THE    PRINCIPLES  AND  PRACTICE  OF  SURGERY.    Edited  by  John 

Neill,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Surgery  in  the  Penna.  Medical  College,  Surgeon  tothe  Pennsylvania 

Hospital,  ice.   In  one  very  handsome  octavo  volume,  leather,  of  780  pages,  with  316  illustrations. 

$3  75. 

We  know  of  no  other  surgical  work  of  a  reason- 
able size,  wherein  there  is  so  much  theory  and  prac- 
tice, or  where  subjects  are  more  soundly  or  clearly 
taught.— The  Stethoscope. 

There  is  scarcely  a  disease  of  the  bones  or  soft 
parts,  fracture,  or  dislocation,  that  is  not  illustrated 
by  accurate  wood-engravings.  Then,  again,  every 
instrument  employed  by  the  surgeon  is  thus  repre- 
sented. These  engravings  are  not  only  correct,  but 
really  beautiful,  showing  the  astonishing  degree  of 
perfection  to  which  the  art  of  wood-engravmg  has 


arrived.  Prof.  Pirrie,  in  the  work  before  us,  has 
elaborately  discussed  the  principles  of  surgery,  and 
a  safe  and  etfeclual  practice  predicated  upon  them. 
Perhaps  no  work  upon  this  subject  heretofore  issued 
is  so  full  upon  the  science  of  the  art  of  surgery. — 
j\'ashville  Journal  of  Medicine  and  Surgery. 

One  of  the  best  treatises  on  surgery  in  the  English 
language. — Canada  Med.  Journal. 

Our  impression  is,  that,  as  a  manual  for  students, 
Pirrie's  is  the  best  work  extant. —  Western  Med.  and 
Surg.  Journal, 


PARKER   (LANGSTON), 

Surn-eon  to  the  Queen's  Hospital,  Birmingham. 

THE  MODERN  TREATMENT  OF  SYPHILITIC  DISEASES,  BOTH  PRI- 

MJKV  AND  SECONDARY;  comprisinatheTreatmentof  Constitutional  and  Confirmed  Syphi- 
lid a  snfe  and  Miceessful  method.  With  numerous  Cases,  Formulte,  and  Clinical  Observa- 
tions From  the  Third  and  entirely  rewritten  London  edition.  In  one  neat  octavo  volume, 
extra  clolli,  of  316  pages.    "'  ""^ 


fl  75. 


•26 


BLANCHARD    &    LEA'S    MEDICAL 


PARRISH    (EDWARD), 
Lecturer  on  Practical  Pharmacy  and  Materia  IVIeilii'a  in  the  Pennsylvania  AcaOeniy  of  Medicine,  Ac. 

AN  INTRODUCTION  TO  PRACTICAI.  1^11  ARM  ACY.     Dosignoa  as  a  Text- 

Book  (or  the  Student,  and  as  a  Guide  for  the  Physician  and  Pharniaceutisl.  With  many  For- 
miilse  and  Prescriptions.  In  one  Jiandjonie  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  550  pages,  wuh  243 
Illustrations.   $2  75. 


A  careful  examination  of  this  work  enables  us  to 
speak  of  it  in  the  highest  terms,  as  being  the  best 
treitise  on  practical  pharmacy  with  which  we  are 
acquainted,  and  an  invaluable  vade-mecum,  not  only 
to  the  apothecary  and  to  those  practitioners  who  are 
accustomed  to  prepare  their  own  medicines,  but  to 
every  medical  man  and  medical  student.  Through- 
out (he  work  are  interspersed  valuable  tables,  useful 
formula;,  and  practical  hints,  and  the  whole  is  illus- 
trated by  a  large  number  of  excellent  wood-engrav- 
ings.— Boston  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 

This  is  altogether  one  of  the  most  useful  books  we 
have  seen.  It  is  just  what  we  have  long  felt  to  be 
needed  by  apothecaries,  students,  and  practitioners 
of  medicine,  most  of  whom  in  this  country  have  to 
put  up  their  own  prescriptions.  It  bears,  upon  every 
page,  the  impress  of  practical  knowledge,  conveyed 
in  a  plain  common  sense  manner,  and  adapted  to  tlie 
compreliension  of  all  who  may  read  it.  No  detail 
has  been  omitted,  however  trivial  it  may  seem,  al- 
though really  important  to  the  dispenser  of  medicine. 
— Southern  Med.  and  Surg,  .lournal. 

To  both  the  country  practitioner  and  the  city  apo- 
thecary this  work  of  Mr.  I'arrish  is  a  godsend.  A 
careful  study  of  its  contents  will  give  tlie  young 
graduate  a  familiarity  witii  the  value  and  mode  of 
administering  his  presciiplions,  which  will  be  of  as 
much  use  to  his  patient  as  to  himself. —  Va.  Med. 
Journal. 

Mr.Parrish  has  rendered  a  very  acceptable  service 
to  the  practitioner  and  student,  by  furnishing  this 
book,  which  contains  the  leading  facts  and  principles 
of  the  science  of  Pharmacy,  conveniently  arranged 
for  study,  and  with  special  reference  to  those  features 
of  the  subject  which  possess  an  especial  practical  in- 
terest to  the  physician.  It  furnishes  the  student,  at 
the  commencement  of  his  studies,  with  that  infor- 
mation which  is  of  the  greatest  importance  in  ini- 
tiating liini  into  the  domain  of  Cuemistry  and  Materia 


Medica  ;  it  familiarizes  him  with  the  compounding 
of  drugs,  and  supplies  those  minulia'  which  hut  I'i'W 
practitiimers  oun  impart.  The  junior  practitioner 
will,  also,  find  tliis  volume  replete  with  instruction. 
— Charleaton  Med.  Journal  and  /leiueic,  Mar.  1N3G. 

There  is  no  useful  information  in  the  dctailsof  the 
apothecary's  or  country  physician's  office  conducted 
according  (o  science  that  is  omitted.  The  young 
physician  will  find  it  an  encyclopedia  of  indlsiieiiNa- 
ble  medical  knowledge,  from  the  purchase  of  a  spa- 
tula to  the  compounding  of  the  most  learned  pre- 
scriptions. The  woikis  by  theablest  pharmaceutift 
in  the  United  States,  and  must  meet  with  an  im- 
mense sale. — ISashville  Journal  of  Medicine,  April, 
1856. 

We  are  glad  to  receive  this  excellent  work.  It 
will  supply  a  want  long  felt  by  the  profession,  and 
especially  by  the  student  of  Pharmacy.  A  large 
majority  of  physicians  are  ol)ligeU  to  cnmpouiid 
tlieir  own  medicines,  and  to  llieiii  a  work  of  this 
kind  is  indispensable. — N.  O.  Medical  and  Surgical 
Journal. 

AVe  cannot  say  but  that  this  volume  is  one  of  the 
most  welcome  and  appropriate  which  has  for  a  long 
time  been  issued  from  the  press.  It  is  a  work  which 
we  doubt  not  will  at  once  secure  an  extensive  cir- 
culation, as  it  is  designed  not  only  for  the  druggist 
and  pharmaceutist,  but  also  for  the  great  hody  of 
practitioners  throughout  the  country,  who  not  only 
have  to  prescribe  medicines,  but  in  the  majority  of 
instances  have  to  rely  upon  their  own  resources — 
whatever  these  may  be — not  only  to  compound,  but 
also  to  manufacture  the  remedies  they  are  called 
upon  to  administer.  The  author  has  not  mistaken 
the  idea  in  writing  this  volume,  as  it  is  alike  useful 
and  invaluable  to  those  engaged  in  the  active  pur- 
suits of  the  i)rofessi(m,  and  to  those  preparing  to  en- 
ter upon  the  field  of  professional  labors. — American 
Lancet,  March  524,  185G. 


RICORD  (P.),   M.  D., 
A  TREATISE  ON  THE  VENEREAL  DISEASE.     By  John  Hunter,  F.  R.  S. 

With  copious  Additions,  by  Ph.  Kicord,  M.  U.     Edited,  with  Notes,  by  Freeman  J.  Bumstead, 

M.  D.    In  one  handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  520  pages,  with  plates.     $3  25. 

Every  one  will  recognize  the  attractiveness  and    secretaries,  sometimes  accredited  and  sometimes  not. 

value  which  this  work  derives  from  thus  preseniing 

the  opinions  of  these  two  masters  side  by  side.    Uul, 

it  must  be  admiiled,  what  has  made  the  fortune  of 

the  book,  is  the  fact  that  il  contains  the  "most  com- 
plete eml>odimeiit  of  the  veritable  doctrines  of  the 

HOpital  du  Midi,"  which  has  ever  been  msde  public. 

The  doctrinal  ideas  of  M.  Ilicord,  ideas  which,  if  not 

universally  adopted,  aie  iiicoiilesiably  dominant,  have 

heretofore  only  been  interpreted  by  more  or  less  skilful 


In  the  notes  to  Hunter,  the  master  subsiiiules  him- 
self forhis  interpreters,  and  gives  hisorigiiial  thoughts 
to  the  world  in  a  lucid  and  perfectly  intelligible  man- 
ner. Ill  conclusion  we  can  say  that  this  is  iiicoii- 
testably  the  best  treatise  on  syphilis  with  which  we 
are  acquainted,  and,  as  we  do  not  often  employ  the 
phrase,  we  may  be  excused  for  expressmg  tlie  iiope 
that  it  may  find  a  place  in  the  library  of  every  phy- 
sician.—  Virginia  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 


BY   THE  SAME   AtJTHOR 
IliLUSTRATIONS  OF  SYPHILITIC  DISEASE. 
Translated  by  Thomas  F.  Betton,  M.  i).     With 
fifty   large  quarto  colored  plates.     In  one  large 
quarto  volume,  extra  cloth.     $15  00. 


LETTERS  ON  SYPHILIS,  addressed  to  the  Chiel 
Editor  ol  the  Union  Medicale.  Translated  by  \V. 
P.  Lattimore,  M.D.  In  one  neat  octavo  vol- 
ume, of  270  pages,  extra  cloth.    $2  00. 


RIGBY    (EDWARD),    M.D., 

Senior  Physician  to  the  General  Lying-in  Hospital,  &c. 

A    SYSTEM    OF    MID\V1FERY.     With  Notes  and  Additional  Illustrations. 

Second  American  Edition.     One  volume  octavo,  extra  clolh,  422  pages.     $2  50. 
BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR.     (^Now  Ready,  1857.) 

ON  THE   CONSTITUTIONAL  TREATMENT   OF  FEMALE  DISEASES. 

In  one  neat  royal  ]2mo.  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  about  250  pages.     $1  00. 

The  aim  of  the  author  has  been  throughout  to  present  sound  practical  views  of  the  important 
subjects  under  consideration  ;  and  williout  entering  into  theoretical  disputations  and  disquisitions  to 
enil)ody  the  results  of  his  long  and  extended  experience  in  such  a  condensed  form  as  would  be 
easily  accessible  to  the  practitioner. 


EOYLE'S   MATERIA    IMEDICA    AND   THERAPEUTICS;    including  the 

Preparations  of  the  Pharmacopoeias  of  London,  Edinburgh,  Dublin,  and  of  the  United  Stales. 
With  many  new  medicines.  Edited  by  Joseph  Carson,  M.  D.  With  ninety-eight  illustrations. 
In  one  large  octavo  volume;  extra  cloth,  of  about  700  pages.     $3  00. 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS. 


'21 


RAMSBOTHAM  (FRANCIS  H.),  M.D. 
THE  PRINCIPLES  ANJ>  PRACTICE  OP  OBSTETRIC  MEDICINE  AND 

SURCJKRy,  in  reference  to  the  Process  of  Parturition.  A  new  and  enlarged  edition,  tiioroiighly 
revised  liy  tiie  Author.  With  Additions  by  \W .  V.  Keating,  M.  D.  In  one  large  and  handsome 
iniperia!  octavo  volume,  ol  6-'jO  pages,  strongly  bound  in  leather,  with  raised  bands;  wiih  sixtv- 
I'our  beautiful  Plales,  and  numerous  Wood-cuis  in  the  text,  containing  in  all  nearly  two  hundred 
large  and  beautiful  figures.    {LMtely  Issued,  1856.)  $5  00. 

In  calling  the  attention  of  the  profession  to  the  new  edition  of  this  standard  work,  the  publishers 
would  remark  that  no  efforts  have  been  spared  to  secure  for  it  a  continuance  and  extension  of  the 
remarkable  favor  with  which  it  has  been  received.  The  last  London  issue,  which  was  considera- 
bly enlarged,  has  received  a  further  revision  from  the  author,  especially  for  this  country.  Its  pas- 
sage through  the  press  here  has  been  supervised  by  Dr.  Keating,  who  has  made  numerous  addi- 
tions with  a  view  of  presenting  more  fully  whatever  was  necessary  to  adapt  it  thoroughly  to 
American  modes  of  practice.  h\  it.s  mechanical  execution,  a  like  superiority  over  former  editions 
will  be  found. 

From  Prof.  Hodge,  of  the  University  of  Fa. 
To  the  American  public,  it  is  most  valuable,  from  its  intrinsic  undoubted  excellence,  and  as  being 
the  best  authorized  exponent  of  British  Midwifery.    Its  circulation  will,  I  trust,  be  extensive  throughout 
our  country. 

cine  and  Surgery  to  our  library,  and  confidently 
recommend  it  to  our  readers,  with  the  assurance 
that  it  will  not  disappoint  their  most  sanguine  ex- 
pectations.—  Western  Lancet. 

It  is  unnecessary  to  gay  anything  in  regard  to  the 
utility  of  tliis  work.  It  is  already  appreciated  in  our 
country  for  the  value  of  the  matter,  the  clearness  of 
its  style,  and  the  fulness  of  its  illustrations.  To  the 
pliysician's  library  it  is  indispensable,  wliile  to  the 
student  as  a  text-book,  from  whicli  to  extract  the 
material  for  laying  the  f^oundation  (if  an  education  on 
obstetrical  science,  it  has  no  superior. — Ohio  Med. 
and  Surg.  Journal. 

"We  will  only  add  that  the  student  will  learn  from 
it  all  he  need  to  know,  and  tlie  practitioner  will  find 
it,  as  a  book  of  reference,  surpassed  by  none  other. — 
Stethoscope. 

The  character  and  merits  of  Dr.  Ramsbotham's 
work  are  so  well  known  and  thorouglily  established, 
that  comment  is  unnecessary  and  praise  superfluous. 
The  illustrations,  which  are  numerous  and  accurate, 
are  executed  in  the  highest  style  of  art.  We  cannot 
too  highly  recomaiend  the  work  to  our  readers. — St. 
Louis  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 


The  pulilisliers  have  shown  their  appreciation  of 
the  merits  of  this  work  and  secured  its  success  by 
the  truly  elegant  style  in  which  they  have  brought 
it  out,  excelling  themselves  in  its  production,  espe- 
cially in  its  plates.  It  is  dedicated  to  Prof.  iVIeigs, 
and  has  the  emphatic  endorsement  of  Prof.  Ilodge, 
as  the  best  exponent  of  British  INIidwifery.  We 
know  of  no  text-book  which  deserves  in  all  respects 
to  be  more  highly  recommended  to  students,  and  we 
could  wish  to  see  it  in  the  liands  of  every  practitioner, 
for  they  will  find  it  invaluable  for  reference. — Med. 
Gazette. 

But  once  in  a  long  time  some  brilliant  genius  rears 
his  head  above  the  horizon  of  science,  and  illumi- 
nates and  purifies  every  department  that  he  investi- 
g;ites;  and  his  works  become  types,  by  which  innu- 
merable imitators  model  their  feeble  productions. 
Such  a  genius  we  find  in  the  younger  Rainsbotham, 
and  such  a  type  we  find  in  the  work  now  before  us. 
The  binding,  paper,  type,  the  engravings  and  wood- 
cuts are  all  so  excellent  as  to  make  this  book  one  of 
the  finest  specimens  of  the  art  of  printing  that  have 
given  such  a  world-wide  reputation  to  its  enter- 
prising and  liberal  publishers.  We  welcome  Rams- 
botham's Principles  and  Practice  of  Obstetric  Mcdi- 


ROKITANSKY   (CARL),    M.D., 

Curator  of  the  Imperial  Palholngical  Pituscum,  and  Professor  at  the  University  of  Vienna,  &c. 

A    MANUAL   OF  PATHOLOGICAL    ANATOMY.     Four  volumes,   octavo, 

bound  in  two,  extra  cloth,  of  about  1200  pages.     Traiislaled  by  W.  E.  Swai.ne,  Ecward  Sieve- 
king,  C.  II.  MooKE,  and  G.  E.  Day.     {Ji/it  Issued.)    $5  50 
To  render  this  large  and  imporiant  work  more  easy  of  relerenee,  and  at  the  same  time  less  cum- 
brous and  costly,  the  lour  volumes  have  been  arranged  in  two,  retaining,  however,  the  separate 
paging,  cVc. 

The  publishers  feel  much  pleasure  in  presenting  to  the  profession  of  the  United  States  the  great 
work  of  Prof.  Rokitansky,  which  is  universally  referred  to  as  the  slaiidard  of  authority  by  the  pa- 
thologists of  all  nations.  Under  the  auspices  of  the  Sydenham  Society  of  London,  the  combined 
labor'of  four  translators  has  at  length  overcome  the  almost  insuperable  dilRculties  which  have  so 
lono-  prevented  the  appearance  of  the  work  in  an  English  dress.  To  a  work  so  widely  known, 
eulooy  is  unnecessary,  and  the  publishers  would  merely  state  that  it  is  said  to  contain  the  results 
of  not  less  than  thirty  thousand  post-mortem,  examinations  made  by  the  author,  diligently  com- 
pared, generalized,  and  wrought  into  one  complete  and  harmonious  system. 

so  charged  his  text  with  valuable  truths,  that  any 
attempt  of  a  reviewer  to  epitomize  is  at  once  para- 
lyzed, and  must  end  in  a  failure. — Western  Lancet. 
As  this  is  the  highest  source  of  knowledge  upon 
the  important  subject  of  which  it  treats,  no  real 
student  can  afford  to  he  without  it.  The  American 
publishers  have  entitled  themselves  to  the  thanks  of 
the  profession  of  their  country,  for  this  timeous  and 
beautiful  edition. — Nashville  Journal  of  Medicine.  . 
As  a  book  of  reference,  therefore,  this  work  roust 
prove  of  inestimable  value,  and  we  caunot  too  highly 
recommend  it  to  the  profession. — Charleston  Mtd. 
Journal  and  Review,  Jan.  1S56. 

This  book  is  a  necessity  to  every  practitioner.— 
Am.  Med.  Monthly. 


The  profession  is  too  well  acquainted  with  the  re- 
putation of  Rokitanskv's  work  to  need  our  assur- 
ance that  this  is  <me  of  the  most  profound,  thorough, 
and  valuable  books  ever  issued  from  the  medical 
press  It  is  .'<«»  g^ener;.?,  and  has  no  standard  of  cmn- 
parison.  It  is  only  necessary  to  announce  that  it  is 
issued  in  a  form  as  cheap  as  is  compatible  with  Us 
size  and  preservation,  and  its  sale  follows  as  a 
matter  of  course.  No  library  can  be  called  com- 
plete without  it.— Buffalo  Med.  Journal. 

An  attempt  to  give  our  readers  any  adequate  idea 
of  the  vast  amount  of  instruction  accumulated  in 
these  volumes,  would  be  feeble  and  hopeless.  The 
elfort  of  the  distinguished  author  to  concentrate 
in  a  small  space  his  great  fund  of  knowledge,  has 


SCHOEDLER  (FRIEDRICH),  PH.D., 

Professor  of  the  Natural  Sciences  at  Worms,  &c. 


28 


BLANCHARD    &    LEA'S    MEDICAL 


SMITH    (HENRY    H.),   M.D., 

Professor  of  Surgery  in  the  University  of  Peiuisylvuniii,  &c. 

MINOR  SURGERY;  or,  Hints  on  the  Every-day  J)uties  of  the  Surgeon.     Illns- 

tralcd  by  two  hundred  and  forty-sseven  illustrations.     Third  and  enhir^ed  edition.     In  one  hand- 
some royal  12mo.  volume,     pp.  456.     In  leather,  ©2  25;  extra  cloth,  $2  00. 

A  work  such  as  the  present  is  therefore  highly 
useful  to  the  student,  anil  we  commend  this  one 
to   their  attention. — Amnrican  Journal  of  Mtilical 


Sciences. 

No  operator,  however  eminent,  need  hesitate  to 
consult  this  unpretending  yet  excellent  book.  Thr)se 
who  are  young  in  the  business  would  find  Dr.  Smith's 
treatise  a  necessary  companion,  after  once  umler- 
standiiigits  true  character. — Boston  Med.  and  Surg. 
Journal. 

No  young  practitioner  should  be  without  this  little 
volume;  and  we  venture  to  assert,  that  it  may  be 
consulted  by  the  senior  members  of  the  profession 
with  more  real  benefit,  than  the  more  volummoua 
works. —  Westtrn  Lancet. 


And  a  capital  little  book  it  is.  .  .  Minor  Surgery, 
we  repeat,  is  really  Major  Surgery,  and  anything 
which  teaches  it  is  worth  having.  So  we  cordially 
recoiiimend  this  little  book  of  Dr.  Smith's. — Med.- 
Chir.  Review. 

This  beautiful  little  work  has  been  compiled  with 
a  view  to  the  wants  of  the  profession  in  tlie  matter 
of  bandaging,  <Scc.,and  well  and  ably  has  the  author 
performed  his  labors.  Well  adapted  to  give  the 
requisite  information  on  the  subjects  of  which  it 
treats. — Medical  Examiner. 

The  directions  are  plain,  and  illustrated  through- 
out with  clear  engravings. — London  Lancet. 

One  of  the  best  works  they  can  consult  on  the 
subject  of  which  it  treats. — Southern  Journal  of 
Medicine  and  Pharmacy. 

BY   THE  SAME   AUTHOR,   AND 

HORNER  (WILLIAM  E.),   M.D., 
Late  Professor  of  Anatomy  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

AN  ANATOMICAL  ATLAS,  illustrative  of  the  Structure  of  the  Human  Body. 

In  one  volume,  large  imperial  octavo,  extra  cloth,  with  about  six  hundred  and  fifty  beautiful 

figures.     $3  00. 

These  figures  are  well  selected,  and  present  a  ,  late  the  student  upon  the  completion  of  this  Atlas, 
complete  and  accurate  representation  of  that  won-  as  it  is  the  most  convenient  work  of  the  kind  that 
derful  fabric,  the  human  body.  The  plan  of  this  has  yet  appeared  ;  and  we  must  add,  the  very  beau- 
Atlas,  which  renders  it  so  peculiarly  convenient  tiful  manner  in  wliich  it  is  "  got  up"  is  so  creditable 
for  the  student,  and  its  superb  artistical  execution,  to  the  country  as  to  be  flattering  to  our  national 
have  been  already  pointed  out.     We  must  congratu-  |  pride. — American  Medical  Journal. 


SARGENT  (F.  W.),   M.  D. 
ON  BANDAGING  AND  OTHER  OPERATIONS  OF  MINOR  SURGERY. 

Second  edition,  enlarged.     One  handsome  royal  12mo.  vol.,  of  nearly  400  pages,  with  182  wood- 
cuts.    Extra  cloth,  $1  40;  leather,  $1  50. 


This  very  useful  little  work  has  long  been  a  favor- 
ite with  practitioners  and  students.  The  recent  call 
for  a  new  edition  has  induced  its  author  to  make 
numerous  important  additions.  A  slight  alteration 
in  tlie  size  of  the  page  has  enabled  him  to  introduce 
the  new  matter,  to  the  extent  of  some  fifty  pages  of 
the  former  edition,  at  the  same  time  that  his  volume 
is  rendered  still  more  compact  tlian  its  less  coinpre- 
iiensive  predecessor.  A  double  gain  in  thus  effected, 
which,  in  a  vade-mecum  (f  this  kind,  is  a  material 
improvement. — Am.  Medical  Journal. 

Sargent's  Minor  Surgery  has  always  been  popular, 
and  deservedly  so.  It  furnishes  that  knowledge  of  the 
most  frequently  requisite  performances  of  surgical 
art  which  cannot  be  entirely  understood  by  attend- 
ing clinical  lectures.  The  art  of  bandaging,  which 
is  regularly  taught  in  Europe,  is  very  frequently 
overlooked  by  teachers  in  this  country ;  tlie  student 
and  junior  practitioner,  therel'ore,  may  often  require 
that  knowledge  which  this  little  volume  so  tersely 
and  happily  supplies.    It  is  neatly  printed  and  copi- 


ously illustrated  by  the  enterprising  publishers,  and 
should  be  possessed  bv  all  who  desire  to  be  thorough- 
ly c<mversant  with  tlie  details  of  this  branch  of  our 
art. — Charleston  Med.  Journ.  and  Review,  March, 
lbo6. ■ 

A  work  that  has  been  so  long  and  favorably  known 
to  the  profession  as  Dr.  Sargent's  Minor  Surgery, 
needs  no  commendation  from  us.  We  would  remark, 
however,  in  this  connection,  that  minor  surgery  sel- 
dom gets  that  attention  in  our  schools  that  its  im- 
portance deserves.  Our  larger  works  are  aleo  very 
defective  in  their  teaching  on  these  small  practical 
points.  This  little  book  will  supply  the  void  which 
all  must  feel  who  have  not  studied  its  pages. —  West- 
ern Lancet,  March,  1856. 

We  ccmfess  our  indebtedness  to  this  little  volume 
on  many  occasions,  and  can  warmly  recommend  it 
to  our  readers,  as  it  is  not  above  the  consideration 
of  the  oldest  and  most  experienced. — American  Lan- 
cet, March,  1850. 


SKEY'S  OPERATIVE  SURGERY.  In  one  very 
handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  <if  over  G.jO 
pages,  with  about  one  hundred  wood-cuts.   $.3  25. 

STANLEY'S  TREATISE  ON  DISEASES  OF 
THE  BONES.  In  one  volume,  octavo,  extra  cloth, 
286  pages.    Bl  50. 

SOLLY  ON  THE  HUMAN  BRAIN;  its  Structure, 
Physiology,  and  Diseases.    From  the  Second  and 


much  enlarged  London  edition.  In  one  octavo 
volume,  extra  cloth,  of  500  pages,  with  120  wood- 
cuts.    $2  00. 

SIMON'S  GENERAL  PATHOLOGY,  as  conduc- 
ive to  the  Establishment  of  Rational  Principles 
for  the  preventi<m  and  Cure  of  Disease.  In  one 
neat  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  212  naees. 
SI  25.  * 


STILLE  (ALFRED),   M.D. 
PRINCIPLES    OF    GENERAL    AND    SPECIAL    THERAPEUTICS 

handsome  octavo.     {Freparitig.) 


In 


SIBSON   (FRANCIS),    M.  D., 

Physician  to  St.  Mary's  Hospital. 

MEDICAL  ANATOMY.     Illustrating  the  Form,  Structure,  and  Position  of  the 

Internal  Organs  in  Health  and  Disease.     In  large  imperial  quarto,  with  splendid  colored  plates. 
To  match  "Maclise's  Surgical  Anatomy."    Part  I.     {Pr&pariiig.) 


AND    SCIENTIFIC    PUBLICATIONS. 


29 


SHARPEY  (WILLIAM),    M.D.,    JONES   QUAIN.    M    D       AND 

RICHARD   QUAIN,    F.  R.  S.,  Sic. 

HUMAN  ANATOMY.     Revised,  with  Notes  and  Additions,  by  Joseph  Leidy 

M.  U.,  Professor  of  Analomy  in  the  (Iniversily  of  Pennsylvcinia.  Cornplele  i.i  two  larije  octavo 
volumes,  leather,  of  about  thirteen  huudred  pages.  Beautifully  illustrated  with  over  fivf  hundred 
engravings  on  wood.     $6  00.  uvcuuuuicu 

It  is  indeed  a  w..rk  culcuhUed  to  make  an  era  in  I  he  will  find  here  a  work  at  once  bo  comprehensive 
an=.tom..al  study     l,y   placing    before    the   student  '  and  practical  as  to  defend  him  from  exclusiveness 
every  department  of  his  science,  with   a  view   to     on   the  one   hand,   and    pedantry   on    the  o  he? 
the   relative  importance  of  each;    and  so  skilfully     Journal   and   Retrospect   of  tke    Medical  SciVnceT 
have   the  dilTerenl,  parts  been   interwoven,   that  no  '      ^v..  h  ^      .  ■  'i<^  "cat  ociences. 

one  who  makes  this  work  the  basis  of  his  studies,  '•  .■  "ave  no  hesitationin  recommending  this  trea- 

will  hereafter  have  any  excuse  f.)r  neRlectin?  o^  if,  ""  ?,""",;'"^7^,  "«  most  complete  on  tliat  sub- 
undervaluing  any  important  particulars  c.mnected  \  Ter  ,•  1  in  .n?  l'.  '""S"=^g^: .  an'*  ^'e  only  one, 
with  the  structure  of  the  human  frame:  and  '^ri'' i,  I-  ""i'^"'  V''"'''  '"■'"■'?«"'*'  «'»'« 
whether  the  bias  of  his  mind  lead  him  in  a  more  i  "'(""T/Tlr  ''?'''  i  n'r  i""  'Tc''  ''"".'"  '''''=°- 
especial  manner  to  surgery,  physic,  or  physiology,     veries.-T/ie  Edinburgh  Mtd.  and  Surg.  Journal. 


SMITH   (W.   TYLER),   M.  D., 

Physician  Accoucheur  to  St.  Mary's  Hospital,  &c. 

ON   PARTURITION,    AND   THE    PRINCIPLES    AND   PRACTICE   OP 

OBSTETRICS.     In  one  royal  12mo.  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  400  pages.     $12-5. 


BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 


A  PRACTICAL  TREATISE  ON  THE  PATHOLOGY  AND  TREAT3IENT 

OF  LEUCORRIia^A.     "With  numerous  illustrations.    In  one  very  handsome  octavo  volume, 
extra  cloth,  of  about  2.'50  pages.     $1  50. 

We  liail  the  appearance  of  this  practical  and  invaluable  work,  therefore,  as  a  real   acquisition  to  our 
medical  literature. — Medical  Gazette. 


TAYLOR  (ALFRED  SJ,  M.  D.,  F.  R.  S., 

Lecturer  on  Medical  Jurisprudence  and  Chemistry  in  Guy's  Hospital. 

MEDICAL  JURISPRUDENCE.     Fourth  American,  from  the  fifth  improved  and 

enlarged  English  Edition.  With  Notes  and  References  to  American  Decisions,  by  Edward 
Hartshorne,  M.  D.  In  one  large  octavo  volume,  leather,  of  over  seven  hundred  pases.  (Just 
I.s.'iiud,  1S.')6.)    $3  00.  •-  »         V 

This  standard  work  has  lately  received  a  very  thorough  revision  at  the  hands  of  the  author,  who 
has  introduced  whatever  was  necessary  to  render  it  complete  and  satisfactory  in  carrying  out  the 
objects  in  view.  Ttie  editor  has  likewise  used  every  exertion  to  make  it  equally  thorough  with 
regard  to  all  matters  relating  to  the  practice  of  this  country.  In  doing  this,  he  has  carelully  ex- 
ainiiied  all  that  has  appeared  on  the  subject  since  the  publication  of  the  last  edition,  and  has  incorpo- 
rated all  the  new  information  thus  presented.  The  work  has  thus  been  considerably  increased  in 
size,  notwithstanding  whicih,  it  has  been  kept  at  its  former  very  moderate  |)rice,aiid  in  every  respect 
it  will  be  found  worthy  of  a  continuance  of  the  remarkable  favor  which  has  carried  it  through  so 
many  editions  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic.     A  lew  notices  of  the  former  editions  are  appended. 

We  know  of  no  work  on  Medical  Jurisprudence 
whicli  contains  in  the  same  space  anything  like  the 
same  amount  of  valuable  matter. — JV.  Y.  Journal  of 


Medicine 

No  work  upon  the  subject  can  be  put  into  the 
hands  of  students  either  of  law  or  medicine  which 
will  engage  them  more  closely  or  profitalily  ;  and 
none  could  be  olfered  to  the  busy  practitiimer  of 
either  calling,  for  the  purpose  of  casual  or  hasty 
reference,  that  would  be  more  likely  toatford  the  aid 
desired.  We  therefore  recommend  it  as  the  best  and 
safest  manual  for  daily  use. — American  Journal  oj 
Medical  Sciences. 

So  well  is  this  work  known  to  the  members  both 
of  the  medical  and  legal  professions,  and  so  highly 
is  it  appreciated  by  them,  that  it  cannot  be  necessary 
for  us  to  say  a  word  in  its  commendation  ;  its  having 
already  reached  a  fourth  edition  being  the  best  pos- 
sible testimony  in  its  favor.  The  autlior  has  ob- 
viously subjected  the  entire  work  to  a  very  caretul 
revision. — Brit,  and  Foreign  Med.  Chirurg.  Review. 

This  work  of  Dr.  Taylor's  is  generally  acknow- 
ledged to  be  one  of  the  ablest  extant  on  the  subject 
of  medical  jurisprudence.     It  is  certainly  one  of  the 

BY    THE   same   author. 

ON  POISONS,  IN  RELATION  TO  MEDICAL  JURISPRUDENCE  AND 

MEDICINE.    Edited,  with  Notes  and  Additions,  by  R.  E.  Griffith,  M.  D.   In  one  large  octavo 
volume,  leather,  oftiSS  pages.     $3  00 

TODD  (R.    B.),   M.  D.,    F.  R.  S.,   &c. 
CLINICAL  LECTURES  ON  CERTAIN  DISEASES  OF  THE  URINARY 

ORGANS  AND  ON  DROPSIES.     In  one  octavo  volume.    (Now  Ready,  18.37.)    SI  50 
The  valuable  practical  nature  of  Dr.  Todd's  writings  have  deservedly  rendered  them  favorites 
with  the  pro  ession,  and  the  present  volume,  embodying  the  medical  aspects  of  a  class  of  diseases 
not  eUcwhcre  to  be  foimd  similarly  treated,  can  hardly  fail  to  supply  a  want  long  felt  by  the  prao- 
litloner 


most  attractive  books  that  we  have  met  with;  sup- 
plying so  much  both  to  interest  and  instruct,  that 
we  do  not  hesitate  to  affirin  that  after  having  once 
commenced  its  perusal,  (ew  could  be  prevailed  upon 
to  desist  before  completing  it.  In  the  last  London 
edition,  all  the  newly  observed  and  accurately  re- 
corded facts  have  been  inserted,  including  much  that 
is  recent  of  Chemic;il,  Microscopical,  and  Patholo- 
gical research,  besiiles  papers  on  numerous  subjects 
never  before  published.-CAaWei«on  Medical  Journal 
and  Review. 


It  is  not  excess  of  praise  to  say  that  the  volume 
before  us  is  the  very  best  treatise  extant  on  Medical 
Jurisprudence.  In  saying  this,  we  do  not  wish  to 
be  understood  as  detracting  from  the  merits  of  the 
excellent  works  of  Beck,  Ryan,  Traill,  Guy,  and 
others;  but  in  interest  and  value  we  think  it  must 
be  conceded  that  Taylor  is  superior  to  anything  that 
has  preceded  it.  The  author  is  already  well  known 
to  the  profession  by  his  valuable  treatise  on  Poisons; 
and  the  present  volume  will  add  materially  to  his 
liisrh  reputation  for  accurate  and  extensive  know- 
ledge and  (I'scriminating  judgment. — N.  W.  Medical 
and  Surgical  Journal. 


30 


BLANCHARD   &    LEA'S   MEDICAL 


Now  Complete  (April,  1857.) 

TODD  (ROBERT  BENTLEY),  M.  D.,  F.  R.  S., 

Professor  of  Pliysiology  in  King's  College,  London;  and 

WILLIAM   BOWMAN,  F.  R.  S., 

Demonstrator  of  Anatomy  in  King's  College,  London. 

THE  PHYSIOLOGICAL  ANATOMY  AND  PHYSIOLOGY  OF  MAN.    With 

about  three  Iinndred  large  and  beautiful  illustrations  on  wood.     Complete  in  one  large  octavo 

volume,  of  y.jO  pages,  leather.     Price  $1  50. 

The  very  great  delay  which  has  occurred  in  the  completion  of  this  work  has  arisen  from  the  de- 
sire of  the  authors  to  verify  by  their  own  examination  the  various  questions  and  statements  pre- 
sented, thus  rendering  the  work  one  of  peculiar  value  and  authority.  By  tlie  wideness  of  its  scope 
and  the  accuracy  of  its  facts  it  thus  occupies  a  position  of  its  own,  and  becomes  necessary  to  all 
physiological  students. 

1^°  Gentlemen  who  have  received  portions  of  this  work,  as  published  in  the  "  Medical  News 
AND  Library,"  can  now  complete  their  copies,  if  immediate  application  be  made.  It  will  be  fur- 
nished as  follows,  free  by  mail,  in  paper  covers,  with  cloth  backs. 

Parts  I.,  II.,  III.  (pp.  25  to  552),  $2  50. 

Part  IV.  (pp.  553  to  end,  with  Title,  Preface,  Contents,  &rc.),  $2  00. 

Or,  Part  IV.,  Section  II.  (pp.  725  to  end,  with  Title,  Preface,  Contents,  tVc.),  $1  25. 


In  the  present  part  fthird)  some  of  the  most  diffi- 
cult subjects  in  Anatomy  and  Piiysiology  are  handled 
in  the  most  masterly  manner.  Its  authors  have 
stated  that  this  work  was  intended  "  for  the  use  of 
the  student  and  practitioner  in  medicine  and  sur- 
gery," and  we  can  recommend  it  to  both,  confident 
that  it  is  tlie  most  perfect  work  of  its  kind.     We 


cannot  conclude  without  strongly  recommending  the 
present  work  to  all  classes  of  our  readers,  recogniz- 
ing talent  and  depth  of  research  in  every  Jinge,  arjd 
believing,  as  we  do,  tliat  the  dilfusion  of  such  know- 
ledge will  certainly  tend  to  elevate  the  sciences  of 
Medicine  and  Surgery. — Dublin  Quarterly  Journal 
of  Medical  Sciences. 


TANNER   (T.    H.),    M.  D., 

Physician  to  the  Hospital  for  Women,  &c. 

A  MANUAL  OF  CLINICAL  3IEDICINE  AND  PHYSICAL  DIAGNOSIS. 

To  which  is  added  The  Code  of  El  hies  of  the  American  Medical  Association.  Second 
American  Edition.  In  one  neat  volume,  small  12mo.  Price  in  extra  cloth,  87j  cents  ;  flexible 
style,  for  the  pocket,  80  cents. 

Suited  alike  to  tlie  wants  of  students  and  practi- 
tioners, it  has  only  to  be  seen,  to  win  for  itself  a 
place  upon  the  shelves  of  every  medical  library. 
Nor  will  it  be  "  shelved"  long  at  a  time ;  if  we  mis- 
take not,  it  will  be  found,  in  the  best  sense  of  the 
liomely  but  expressive  word,  "  handy."  The  style 
is  admirably  clear,  while  it  is  so  sententious  as  not 
to  burden  the  memory.  The  arrangement  is,  to  our 
mind,  unexceptionable.  Tlie  work,  in  short,  de- 
serves the  hearliest  commendatiou. — Boston  Med. 
and  Surg.  Journal. 


Dr.  Tanner  has,  in  a  happy  and  successful  manner, 
indicated  the  leading  particulars  to  which,  in  the 
clinical  study  of  a  case  of  disease,  the  attention  of 
the  physician  is  to  be  directed,  the  value  and  import 
of  the  various  abnormal  phenomena  detecteil,  and  the 
several  instrumental  and  accessory  means  which 
may  be  called  into  requisition  to  facilitate  diagnosis 
and  increase  its  certainty. — Am.  Journal  of  Med. 
Sciences. 

The  work  is  an  honor  to  its  writer,  and  must  ob- 
tain a  kvide  circulation  by  its  intrinsic  merit  alone. 


WATSON   (THOMAS),    M.D.,    <8ic. 
LECTURES    ON    THE   PRINCIPLES    AND    PRACTICE   OF   PHYSIC. 

Third  American  edition,  revised,  with  Additions,  by  D.  Francis  Condie,  M.D.,  author  of  a 

"  Treatise  on  the  Diseases  of  Children,"  itec.     In  one  octavo  volume,  of  nearly  eleven  hundred 

large  pages,  strongly  bound  with  raised  bands.    ""  "' 

To  say  that  it  is  the  very  best  work  on  the  sub- 
ject now  extant,  is  but  to  echo  the  sentiment  of  the 
medical  press  throughout  the  country.  —  N.  O. 
Medical  journal. 


Of  the  text-books  recently  republished  Watson  is 
very  justly  the  principal  favorite. — Holmes's  Rep. 
to  Nat.  Med.  Assoc. 

By  universal  consent  the  work  ranks  among  the 
very  best  text-books  in  our  language. — Illinois  and 
Indiana  Med.  Journal. 

Regarded  on  all  hands  as  one  of  the  very  best,  if 
not  the  very  best,  systematic  treatise  on  practical 
medicine  extant. — St.  Louis  Med.  Journal. 


V.i  25. 

Confessedly  one  of  the  very  best  works  on  the 
principles  and  practice  of  physic  in  the  Knglisli  or 
any  other  language. — Med.  Examiner. 

Asatext-book  it  has  noequal;  as  a  compendium 
of  pathology  and  practice  no  superior. — New  York 
Annalist. 

We  know  of  no  work  better  calculated  for  being 
placed  in  the  hands  of  the  student,  and  for  a  text- 
book; on  every  important  point  the  author  seems 
to  have  posted  up  his  knowledge  to  the  day. — 
Amer.  Med.  .Journal. 

One  of  the  most  practically  useful  books  that 
ever  was  presented  to  the  student.  —  N.  Y.  Med. 
Journal. 


WHITEHEAD  ON  THE  CAUSES  AND  TREAT- I  WALSHE  ON  DISEASES  OF  THE  HEART, 
MENT  OF  ABORTION  AND  STERILITY.  |  LUNGS,  AND  APPENDAGES;  their  Symp- 
Sccond  American  Eilition.  In  one  volume,  octa-  toins  and  Treatment.  In  one  handsome  volume, 
vo,  extra  cloth,  pp.  308.    $1    75.  |      extra  cloth,  large  royal  Pimo.,  51i  pages.     $150. 

WHAT   TO   OBSERVE 
AT    THE    BEDSIDE    AND    AFTER   DExiTH,   IN    MEDICAL   CASES. 

Published  under  theauthority  of  the  London  Society  for  Medical  Observation.  A  new  American, 
from  the  second  and  revised  London  edition,  la  one  very  handsome  volume,  royal  12mo.,  extra 
cloth.     $1  00. 


To  the  observer  who  prefers  accuracy  to  blunders 
and  precision  to  carelessness,  this  little  book  is  in- 
valuable.— N.  H.  Journal  of  Medicine. 


One  of  the  finest  aids  tea  young  practitioner  we 
have  ever  seen. — Peninsular  Journal  of  Medicim. 


AiNU    suiEiiNiiriu    PUBLICATIONS  31 


WILSON    (ERASMUS),   M.D.,    F.  R.  S., 

Lecturer  on  Anatomy,  London. 

A  SYSTEM  OF  HUMAN  ANATOMY,  General  and  Special.     Fourth  Ameri- 
can, from  the  last  English  edition.     Edited  by  Paul  B.  Goddard,  A.  M.,  M.  D.     With  two  hun- 
dred and  fifty  illustrations.     Beautifully  printed,  in  one  large  octavo  volume,  leather,  of  nearly 
six  hundred  pages.     $3  00. 
In  many,  if  not  all  the  Colleges  of  the  Union,  it  i      It  offers  to  the  student  all  the  assistance  that  can 

hiis  become   a  stiuulard  text-book.      This,  of  itself,     be  expected  from  such  a  work.— Merftca/  Examintr 

is  Hufficiently  expressive  of  its  value.    Aworkveryl      Th»"  mnat  <»r..n«i„f«,  „r„i  ,,  ■     . 

desirable   to   the   student;    one,  the    possessi.m  "f  I  st.u lent  we  ooZlf ^  J^^^^^^^ 

wh.ch  will   greatly   facilitate   his  pri.grcss  in  the    ^^^'^^"'^  ^e  posscsb.-Xmerican /ournai  o/ M.d.cai 

study  of  Practical  .Anatomy. — New  York  Journal  of  \      ,' 

Medicine.  '."   ^^'^'^V  respect,   this  work  as  an   anatomical 

guide  for  the  student  and   practitioner,  merits  our 
Its  author  ranks  with  the  highest  on  Anatomy.—    warmestand  most  decided  praise.— io;irfo?i  Medical 

Southern  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal.  I  Gazette. 

BY   THE   SAME   AUTHOR.      {Just  Is.SUed.) 

THE    DISSECTOR'S  MANUAL;  or,  Practical  and  Surgical  Anatomy.     Third 

American,  from  the  last  revised  and  enlarged  Eiiglii-h  edition.  Modified  and  rearranged,  by 
William  Hunt,  M.  D.,  J)omonstrator  of  Anatomy  in  the  University  of  Penn?ylvania.  '^Iii  one 
large  and  handsome  royal  l2ino.  volume,  leather,  of  5S2  pages,  with  154  illustrations.  $2  00. 
The  modifications  and  additions  which  this  work  has  received  in  passing  recently  tliroii'^h  the 
author's  hands,  is  sufficiently  indicated  by  the  fact  that  il  is  enlarged  by  more  than  one  hundred 
pages,  notwithstanding  that  it  is  printed  m  smaller  type,  and  with  a  greally  enlarged  page. 

It  remains  only  to  add,  that  after  a  careful  exami-  I  iiig  very  superiorelainis,  well  calculated  to  facilitate 
nation,  we  have  no  hesitation  in  recominendinij  tliis  \  llie-ir  studies,  and  render  tlieir  labor  less  irksome  by 
work  to  the  notice  of  those  for  whom  it  has  been  constantly  keeping  beiore  them  definite  objects'  of 
expressly  written — the  students— as  a  guide  possess-  |  interest. — Tke  Lancet. 

BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR.     (Now  Ready,  May,  1857.) 

ON  DISEASES  OF  THE  SKIN.     Fourth  and  enlarsed  American,  from  the  last 

and  improved  London  edition.     In  one  large  octavo  volume,  of  050  pages,  extra  cloth,  $2  75. 

1'liis  volume  in  passing  for  the  fourth  time  through  the  hands  of  the  author,  has  received  a  care- 
ful revision,  and  has  been  greatly  enlarged  and  improved.  About  one  hundred  and  filly  pages  have 
ln'on  added,  including  new  chapters  on  Clas>ificAlion,  on  General  Pathology,  on  General  Tliera- 
pciitics,  on  Furuncular  Eruptions,  and  on  Diseases  of  the  Nails,  be.-ides  extensive  additions  iliroogh- 
oiii  the  text,  wherever  they  have  seemed  desirable,  eitluir  from  former  omissions  or  from  the  pro- 
gress of  science  and  the  increased  expeiience  of  the  author.  Ajipended  to  Ihe  volume  will  al.-o 
now  he  found  a  collection  of  ^^ELECTED  FormuL/T2,  consisting  for  tlie  most  part  of  piescriplions  of 
whieh  the  author  has  tested  the  value. 


In  the  present  edition  Mr.  Wilson  presents  us  with 
the  results  of  his  matured  experience  gained  after  an 
extensive  nequaintanoe  with  the  pathology  and  treat- 

i-nt  of  cutaneous  affections;  and  we  have  now  be 


the  mere  manifestnlions  of  derangement  of  internal 
organs,  is  brouglit  under  notice,  and  tlie  book  in- 
cludes a  mass  of  information  which  is  spread  over  a 
real  part  of  the  domain  of  iMedieal  and  Surgical 


Inrc  us  not  merely  a  reprint  of  his  former  publica-  ;  Pathology.  We  can  safely  recommend  it  to  tlie 
lions,  but  an  entirely  new  ard  rewritten  volume.  [  profession  as  the  best  work  on  Ihe  suliject  now  in 
Thus,  the  whole  history  of  the  diseases  affecting  the  |  existence  in  the  English  language. — London  Med. 
sliin,  wliether  they  originate  in  that  structure  or  are  '  Times  and  (razette,  JSiarch  '2d,  lt57. 

ALSO,  JUST  READY, 

A  SERIES  OF  PLATES  ILLUSTRATING  WILSON   ON  DISEASES   OF 

THE  SKIN  ;  consisting  of  nineteen  beautifully  executed  plates,  of  which  twelve  are  exquisitely 
colored,  presenting  the  Normal  Anatomy  and  Pathology  of  the  Skin,  and  coniainiiig  acciirale  re- 
presentations of  about  one  luindred  varieties  of  disease,  most  of  them  the  size  of  nature.     Price 
in  cloth  $4  25. 
In  beauty  of  drawing  and  accuracy  and  finish  of  coloring  these  plates  will  be  found  superior  lo 

nnylhiiig  of  the  kind  as  yet  issued  in  this  country. 
The  plates  by  which  this  eoitition  is  accompanied  I  The  representations  of  the  various  forms  of  cutane- 

leave  nothing  to  be  desired,  so  lar  as  excellence  of  j  ous  disease  are  singularly  accurate,  and  the  coloring 


delineation  and  perfect  accuracy  of  illustration  are 
concerned. — Medico-Cliirvrgical  Revieio 


exceeds  almost  anything  we  have  met  with  in  point 
of  delicacy  and  finish. — British  and  Foreign  Medical 
KevietD. 


Of  these  plates  it  is  impossible  to  speak  too  highly 

BY   THE   SAME   AUTHOR. 

ON    CONSTITUTIONAL    AND    HEREDITARY    SYPHILIS,   AND    ON 

SYPHUjITIC  ERUPTIONS.     In  one  small  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  beautifully  printed,  with 
lour  exquisite  colored  plates,  presenting  more  than  thirty  varieties  of  syphilitic  eruptions.  S2  25. 

BY    THE   SAME   AUTHOR.      (Just  Is.iued.) 

HEALTHY  SKIN;  A  Popular  Treatise  on  the  Skin  and  Hair,  their  Preserva- 
tion and  Management.  Second  American,  from  Ihe  fourth  London  edition.  One  neat  volume, 
royal  12mo..  extra  cloth,  of  about  300  pages,  with  numerous  illustrations.  $1  00;  paper  cover, 
75  cents.  

WILDE   (W.    R.), 

Surgeon  to  St.  Mark's  Ophthalmic  and  Aural  Hospital,  Dublin. 

AURAL  SURGERY,  AND  THE  NATURE  AND  TREATMENT  OF  DIS- 

EASES  OF  THE  EAR.      In  one  handsome  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,  of  476  pages,  with 

illustrations.     $2  SO. 


This  work  certainly  contains  more  information  on 
the  subject  to  which  it  is  devoted  ihan  any  other 
with  which  we  are  acquainted.     We  feel  grateful  lo 


the  author  for  his  manful  effort  to  rescue  this  depart 
meat  of  surgery  from  the  hand*  of  the  empirics  wl  o 
nearly  monopolize  il. —  Ya.  Mtd.  and  Surg.  Journal. 


32  BLANCHARD   &    LEAS    R.^^^o^^^    r  o  isl^ioA  1  ION  S. 


WEST   (CHARLES),    M.  D., 

Accoucheur  to  and  Lecturer  on  Midwifery  at  St.  Bartliolomew's  Hoepital,  Physician  to  the  Hospital  for 

Sick  Children,  4,c. 

LECTURES   ON   THE   DISEASES   OF  INFANCY  AND  CHILDHOOD. 

Second  American,  from  tiie  Second  and  Enlarged  Londoa  edition.     In  one  volume,  octavo, 
extra  cloth,  of  nearly  live  hundred  pages.    $2  00. 


ligation  by  this  able,  thorough,  and  finished  work 
upon  a  Bul)ject  which  almost  daily  taxes  to  the  ut- 
most the  skill  of  the  general  practitioner.  He  h:i8 
with  singular  felicity  threaded  his  way  through  nil 
the  tortuous  labyrinths  of  the  difTicult  subject  lie  has 
undertaken  to  elucidate,  and  has  in  many  of  the 
darkest  corners  left  a  light,  which  will  never  bo 
extinguished. — Nashville  Medical  Journal. 


We  take  leave  of  Dr.  West  with  great  respect  for 
his  atttiinnients,  a  due  appreciation  of  his  acute 
powers  of  observation,  and  a  deep  sense  of  obliga- 
tion for  this  valuable  contribution  to  our  profes- 
sional literature.  His  book  is  undoubtedly  in  many 
respects  tlie  best  we  possess  on  diseases  of  children. 
Dublin  Quarterly  Journal  of  Medical  Science. 

Dr.  West  has  placed  the  profession  under  deep  ob- 

BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR.     (Nearly  Keady.) 

LECTURES  ON  THE  DISEASES  OF  WOMEN.     In  two  parts. 

Part  1.  Svo.  cloth,  of  about  300  pages,  comprising  the  Diseases  of  the  Uterus.     $1  60. 
Part  II.  (Preparing),  will  contain  Diseases  of  the  Ovaries,  and  of  all  tlie  parts  connected 

with  the  Uterus;  of  the  Bladder,  Vagina,  and  External  Organs. 
The  ohjocl  of  the  author  in  this  work  is  to  present  a  complete  but  succinct  treatise  on  Female 
Diseases,  embodying  the  results  of  his  experience  during  the  last  ten  years  at  St.  Bartholomew's 
and  the  Midwifery  Hospitals,  as  well  as  in  private  practice.  Tlie  characteristics  which  have  se- 
cured to  his  former  works  so  favorable  a  reception,  cannot  fail  to  render  the  present  volume  a 
standard  authority  on  its  important  subject.  To  show  the  general  scope  of  the  work,  an  outline  oi 
the  Contents  of  Part  I.  is  subjoined. 

Lectures  I.,  II. — Introductory — Symptoms — Examination  of  Symptoms — Modes  of  Examina- 
tions. Lectures  III.,  IV.,  V — Disorders  of  Menstruation,  Amenorrhoea,  Menorrhagia,  Dys- 
menorrhcea.  Lectures  VI.,  VII.,  VIII. — Inflammation  of  the  Uterus,  Hypertrophy,  Acute 
Inflammation,  Chronic  Inflammation,  Ulceration  of  the  Os  Uteri,  Cervical  Leucorrhu;a.  lectures 
IX.,  X.,  XL,  XII.,  XJ/J.— Misplacement  of  thf.  Uterus,  Prolapsus,  Anleversion,  Retrover- 
sion, Inversion.  Lectures  XIV.,  XV.,  XVI,  XVII. — Uterine  Tumors  and  Outgrowths, 
Mucous,  Fibro-cellular,  and  Glandular  Polypi,  Mucous  Cysts,  Fibrinous  Polypi,  Fibrous  Tumors, 
Fibrous  Polypi,  Fatty  Tumors,  Tubercular  Diseases.  Lectures  XVIII. ,  XIX.,  XX. — Cancer 
OF  the  Uterus. 
Part  H.  will  receive  an  equally  extended  treatment,  rendering  the  whole  an  admirable  text-book 
for  the  student,  and  a  reliable  work  for  reference  by  the  practitioner. 

BY  THE  same  AUTHOR.      (Just  IsSUed) 

AN  ENQUIRY  INTO  THE  PATHOLOGICAL  IMPORTANCE  OF  ULCER- 
ATION OF  THE  OS  UTERI.    In  one  neat  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth,    il  00. 


WILLIAMS  (C.   J.  B.),    M.D.,    F.  R.  S., 

Professor  of  Clinical  Medicine  in  University  College,  London,  &c. 

PRINCIPLES  OF  MEDICINE.     An  Elementaiy  View  of  the  Causes,  Nature, 

Treatment,  Diagnosis,  and  Prognosis  of  Disease;  with  brief  remarks  on  Hygienics,  or  the  pre- 
servation of  health.  A  new  American,  from  the  third  and  revised  London  edition.  In  one  octavo 
volume,  leather,  of  about  500  pages.     $2  50.     (Now  Ready,  May,  1857.) 

The  very  recent  and  thorough  revision  which  this  work  has  enjoyed  at  the  hands  of  the  au'hor 
has  brought  it  so  completely  up  to  the  present  slate  of  the  subject  that  in  reproducing  it  n(>  i  ddilions 
have  been  found  necessary.  The  success  which  the  work  has  heretofore  met  shows  that  '  s  im- 
portance has  been  appreciated,  and  in  its  present  form  it  will  be  found  eminently  worthy  a  conlinu- 
ance  of  the  same  favor,  possessing  as  il  does  the  strongest  claims  to  the  attention  of  the  medical 
student  and  practitioner,  from  the  admirable  manner  in  which  the  various  inquiries  in  the  dilferent 
branches  of  pathology  are  investigated,  combined  and  generalized  by  an  experienced  practical  phy- 
sician, and  directly  applied  to  the  investigation  and  treatment  of  disease. 


AVe  find  that  the  deeply-interesting  matter  and 
style  of  this  book  have  so  far  fascinated  us,  that  we 
have  unconsciously  hung  upon  its  pages,  not  too 
long,  indeed,  for  our  own  profit,  but  longer  than  re- 
viewers can  be  permitted  to  indulge.  AVe  leave  the 
further  analysis  to  the  student  and  practitioner.  Our 
judgineiit  of  the  work  has  already  been  sufficiently 
expressed.  It  is  a  judgment  of  almost  unqualified 
praise.  The  work  is  not  of  a  controversial,  but  of 
a  didactic  character;  and  as  such  we  hail  it,  and 


recommend  it  for  a  text-book,  guide,  and  constant 
c  impanion  to  every  practitioner  and  every  student 
who  wishes  to  extricate  himself  from  the  well-worn 
ruts  of  empiricism,  and  to  base  his  practice  of  medi- 
cine upon  principles. — London  Lancet,  Dec.  27, 185G. 

A  text-book  to  which  no  other  in  our  language  is 
comparable. — Charleston  Medical  Journal. 

No  work  has  ever  achieved  or  maintained  a  more 
deserved  reputation. —  Va.  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal. 


YOUATT   (WILLIAM),  V.  S. 
THE    HORSE.     A  new  edition,  with  numerous  illustrations;   together  with  a 

general  history  of  the  Horse;  a  Dissertation  on  the  American  Trotting  Horse;  how  Trained  and 

Jockeyed;  an  Account  of  his  Remarkable  Performances;  and  an  Essay  on  the  Ass  and  the  Mule. 

By  J.  S.  Skinner,  formerly  Assistant  Postmaster-General,  and  Editor  of  the  Turf  Register. 

One  large  octavo  volume,  extra  cloth.     $1  50. 

The  attention  of  all  who  keep  horses  is  requested  to  this  handsome  and  complete  edition  of  a 
work  which  is  recognized  as  the  standard  authority  on  all  matters  connected  with  veterinary  medi- 
cine. The  very  low  price  at  which  it  is  now  offered,  free  by  mail,  places  it  within  the  reach  of 
every  one. 

BY   THE   SAME  AUTHOR. 

THE   DOG-.    Edited  by  E.  J.  Lewis,  M.  D.    With  numerous  and  beautiful 

illustrations.    In  one  very  handsome  volume,  crown  Svo.,  crimson  cloth,  gilt.  $1  25.